doc_id sent_index relation_id relation trigger trigger_offset arg_num arg_head arg_protein arg_domain arg_site arg_sugar arg_head_offset arg_base_np arg_base_np_offset arg_np arg_np_offset sent_text 26256267 14 0 theme castration 2398:2407 arg1 resistance 2409:2418 castration resistance 2398:2418 castration resistance 2398:2418 The altered protein fucosylation forms have great potential in aiding our understanding of castration resistance and may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches and specific detection strategies for prostate cancer. 26256267 6 1 theme isobaric 897:904 arg1 tags 906:909 isobaric tags 897:909 isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling and two- dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) 897:1034 Global proteome profiling of the cell lines using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling and two- dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) led to the quantification of 8063 proteins. 26256267 6 2 theme dimensional 976:986 arg1 MS 1022:1023 two- dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography-tandem MS 971:1023 two- dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) 971:1034 Global proteome profiling of the cell lines using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling and two- dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) led to the quantification of 8063 proteins. 26256267 6 2 theme dimensional 976:986 arg1 LC-MS/MS 1026:1033 LC-MS/MS 1026:1033 LC-MS/MS 1026:1033 Global proteome profiling of the cell lines using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling and two- dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) led to the quantification of 8063 proteins. 26256267 11 3 theme glycosylation 1783:1795 arg1 heterogeneity 1797:1809 the glycosylation heterogeneity 1779:1809 the glycosylation heterogeneity at specific glycosylation sites 1779:1841 To determine the glycosylation heterogeneity at specific glycosylation sites, we further identified and quantified 1145 N-linked glycopeptides with attached glycans in the same iTRAQ-labeled samples. 26256267 5 4 theme comparative 730:740 arg1 analysis 742:749 the comparative analysis 726:749 the comparative analysis of these two prostate cancer cell lines 726:789 Herein, we report the comparative analysis of these two prostate cancer cell lines using integrated global proteomics and glycoproteomics. 26256267 6 5 theme lines 885:889 arg1 profiling 863:871 Global proteome profiling 847:871 Global proteome profiling of the cell lines using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling and two- dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) 847:1034 Global proteome profiling of the cell lines using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling and two- dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) led to the quantification of 8063 proteins. 26256267 9 6 theme global 1526:1531 arg1 levels 1552:1557 their global protein expression levels 1520:1557 their global protein expression levels 1520:1557 A majority of the altered glycoproteins were also observed with changes in their global protein expression levels. 26256267 12 7 theme sites 2114:2118 arg1 several 2076:2082 several 2076:2082 several 2076:2082 These intact glycopeptides contained 67 glycan compositions and showed increased fucosylation in PC3 cells in several of the examined glycosylation sites. 26256267 12 8 theme increased 2037:2045 arg1 fucosylation 2047:2058 increased fucosylation 2037:2058 increased fucosylation in PC3 cells 2037:2071 These intact glycopeptides contained 67 glycan compositions and showed increased fucosylation in PC3 cells in several of the examined glycosylation sites. 26256267 9 9 theme expression 1541:1550 arg1 levels 1552:1557 their global protein expression levels 1520:1557 their global protein expression levels 1520:1557 A majority of the altered glycoproteins were also observed with changes in their global protein expression levels. 26256267 14 10 theme great 2351:2355 arg1 potential 2357:2365 great potential 2351:2365 great potential 2351:2365 The altered protein fucosylation forms have great potential in aiding our understanding of castration resistance and may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches and specific detection strategies for prostate cancer. 26256267 11 11 theme same 1938:1941 arg1 samples 1957:1963 the same iTRAQ-labeled samples 1934:1963 the same iTRAQ-labeled samples 1934:1963 To determine the glycosylation heterogeneity at specific glycosylation sites, we further identified and quantified 1145 N-linked glycopeptides with attached glycans in the same iTRAQ-labeled samples. 26256267 7 12 theme same 1163:1166 arg1 peptides 1182:1189 the same iTRAQ-labeled peptides 1159:1189 the same iTRAQ-labeled peptides from the cell lines 1159:1209 To analyze the glycoproteins, glycosite-containing peptides were isolated from the same iTRAQ-labeled peptides from the cell lines using solid phase extraction followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. 26256267 11 13 from glycopeptides 1895:1907 arg1 samples 1957:1963 the same iTRAQ-labeled samples 1934:1963 the same iTRAQ-labeled samples 1934:1963 To determine the glycosylation heterogeneity at specific glycosylation sites, we further identified and quantified 1145 N-linked glycopeptides with attached glycans in the same iTRAQ-labeled samples. 26256267 10 14 gly glycoproteins 1612:1624 arg1 glycoproteins 1612:1624 21 differentially expressed glycoproteins 1584:1624 21 differentially expressed glycoproteins 1584:1624 However, alterations in 21 differentially expressed glycoproteins showed no change at the protein abundance level, indicating that the glycosylation site occupancy was different between the two cell lines. 26256267 8 15 theme 176 1369:1371 arg1 glycoproteins 1373:1385 176 glycoproteins 1369:1385 176 glycoproteins 1369:1385 Among the 1810 unique N-linked glycosite-containing peptides from 653 identified N-glycoproteins, 176 glycoproteins were observed to be different between the two cell lines. 26256267 10 16 theme glycosylation 1695:1707 arg1 occupancy 1714:1722 the glycosylation site occupancy 1691:1722 the glycosylation site occupancy 1691:1722 However, alterations in 21 differentially expressed glycoproteins showed no change at the protein abundance level, indicating that the glycosylation site occupancy was different between the two cell lines. 26256267 10 16 theme glycosylation 1695:1707 arg1 different 1728:1736 different 1728:1736 different 1728:1736 However, alterations in 21 differentially expressed glycoproteins showed no change at the protein abundance level, indicating that the glycosylation site occupancy was different between the two cell lines. 26256267 5 17 theme cancer 773:778 arg1 lines 785:789 these two prostate cancer cell lines 754:789 these two prostate cancer cell lines 754:789 Herein, we report the comparative analysis of these two prostate cancer cell lines using integrated global proteomics and glycoproteomics. 26256267 8 18 theme N-linked 1293:1300 arg1 peptides 1323:1330 the 1810 unique N-linked glycosite-containing peptides 1277:1330 the 1810 unique N-linked glycosite-containing peptides from 653 identified N-glycoproteins 1277:1366 Among the 1810 unique N-linked glycosite-containing peptides from 653 identified N-glycoproteins, 176 glycoproteins were observed to be different between the two cell lines. 26256267 14 19 theme protein 2319:2325 arg1 forms 2340:2344 The altered protein fucosylation forms 2307:2344 The altered protein fucosylation forms 2307:2344 The altered protein fucosylation forms have great potential in aiding our understanding of castration resistance and may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches and specific detection strategies for prostate cancer. 26256267 5 20 theme lines 785:789 arg1 analysis 742:749 the comparative analysis 726:749 the comparative analysis of these two prostate cancer cell lines 726:789 Herein, we report the comparative analysis of these two prostate cancer cell lines using integrated global proteomics and glycoproteomics. 26256267 11 21 with glycopeptides 1895:1907 arg1 glycans 1923:1929 attached glycans 1914:1929 attached glycans 1914:1929 To determine the glycosylation heterogeneity at specific glycosylation sites, we further identified and quantified 1145 N-linked glycopeptides with attached glycans in the same iTRAQ-labeled samples. 26256267 6 22 theme liquid 993:998 arg1 MS 1022:1023 two- dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography-tandem MS 971:1023 two- dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) 971:1034 Global proteome profiling of the cell lines using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling and two- dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) led to the quantification of 8063 proteins. 26256267 6 22 theme liquid 993:998 arg1 LC-MS/MS 1026:1033 LC-MS/MS 1026:1033 LC-MS/MS 1026:1033 Global proteome profiling of the cell lines using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling and two- dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) led to the quantification of 8063 proteins. 26256267 7 23 theme glycosite-containing 1110:1129 arg1 peptides 1131:1138 glycosite-containing peptides 1110:1138 glycosite-containing peptides 1110:1138 To analyze the glycoproteins, glycosite-containing peptides were isolated from the same iTRAQ-labeled peptides from the cell lines using solid phase extraction followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. 26256267 13 24 theme protein 2250:2256 arg1 fucosylation 2258:2269 protein fucosylation 2250:2269 protein fucosylation observed in our proteomic analysis 2250:2304 The increase in fucosylation could be caused by the detected changes in enzymes belonging to the glycan biosynthesis pathways of protein fucosylation observed in our proteomic analysis. 26256267 8 25 from 653 1337:1339 arg1 peptides 1323:1330 the 1810 unique N-linked glycosite-containing peptides 1277:1330 the 1810 unique N-linked glycosite-containing peptides from 653 identified N-glycoproteins 1277:1366 Among the 1810 unique N-linked glycosite-containing peptides from 653 identified N-glycoproteins, 176 glycoproteins were observed to be different between the two cell lines. 26256267 10 26 from alterations 1569:1579 arg1 glycoproteins 1612:1624 21 differentially expressed glycoproteins 1584:1624 21 differentially expressed glycoproteins 1584:1624 However, alterations in 21 differentially expressed glycoproteins showed no change at the protein abundance level, indicating that the glycosylation site occupancy was different between the two cell lines. 26256267 7 27 gly glycoproteins 1095:1107 arg1 glycoproteins 1095:1107 the glycoproteins 1091:1107 the glycoproteins 1091:1107 To analyze the glycoproteins, glycosite-containing peptides were isolated from the same iTRAQ-labeled peptides from the cell lines using solid phase extraction followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. 26256267 14 28 theme prostate 2522:2529 arg1 cancer 2531:2536 prostate cancer 2522:2536 prostate cancer 2522:2536 The altered protein fucosylation forms have great potential in aiding our understanding of castration resistance and may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches and specific detection strategies for prostate cancer. 26256267 8 29 gly glycoproteins 1373:1385 arg1 glycoproteins 1373:1385 176 glycoproteins 1369:1385 176 glycoproteins 1369:1385 Among the 1810 unique N-linked glycosite-containing peptides from 653 identified N-glycoproteins, 176 glycoproteins were observed to be different between the two cell lines. 26256267 1 30 from men 193:195 arg1 U.S. 204:207 U.S. 204:207 U.S. 204:207 Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men in the U.S. and worldwide, and androgen-deprivation therapy remains the principal treatment for patients. 26256267 1 30 from men 193:195 arg1 worldwide 213:221 worldwide 213:221 worldwide 213:221 Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men in the U.S. and worldwide, and androgen-deprivation therapy remains the principal treatment for patients. 26256267 14 31 theme strategies 2507:2516 arg1 development 2440:2450 the development 2436:2450 the development of novel therapeutic approaches and specific detection strategies for prostate cancer 2436:2536 The altered protein fucosylation forms have great potential in aiding our understanding of castration resistance and may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches and specific detection strategies for prostate cancer. 26256267 0 32 theme Cells 68:72 arg1 Analyses 40:47 Integrated Proteomic and Glycoproteomic Analyses 0:47 Integrated Proteomic and Glycoproteomic Analyses of Prostate Cancer Cells 0:72 Integrated Proteomic and Glycoproteomic Analyses of Prostate Cancer Cells Reveal Glycoprotein Alteration in Protein Abundance and Glycosylation. 26256267 13 33 theme glycan 2218:2223 arg1 pathways 2238:2245 the glycan biosynthesis pathways 2214:2245 the glycan biosynthesis pathways of protein fucosylation observed in our proteomic analysis 2214:2304 The increase in fucosylation could be caused by the detected changes in enzymes belonging to the glycan biosynthesis pathways of protein fucosylation observed in our proteomic analysis. 26256267 6 34 theme proteins 1070:1077 arg1 quantification 1047:1060 the quantification 1043:1060 the quantification of 8063 proteins 1043:1077 Global proteome profiling of the cell lines using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling and two- dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) led to the quantification of 8063 proteins. 26256267 8 35 theme cell 1433:1436 arg1 lines 1438:1442 the two cell lines 1425:1442 the two cell lines 1425:1442 Among the 1810 unique N-linked glycosite-containing peptides from 653 identified N-glycoproteins, 176 glycoproteins were observed to be different between the two cell lines. 26256267 14 36 theme specific 2488:2495 arg1 strategies 2507:2516 specific detection strategies 2488:2516 specific detection strategies for prostate cancer 2488:2536 The altered protein fucosylation forms have great potential in aiding our understanding of castration resistance and may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches and specific detection strategies for prostate cancer. 26256267 11 37 theme attached 1914:1921 arg1 glycans 1923:1929 attached glycans 1914:1929 attached glycans 1914:1929 To determine the glycosylation heterogeneity at specific glycosylation sites, we further identified and quantified 1145 N-linked glycopeptides with attached glycans in the same iTRAQ-labeled samples. 26256267 0 38 theme Glycoprotein 81:92 arg1 Alteration 94:103 Glycoprotein Alteration 81:103 Glycoprotein Alteration in Protein Abundance and Glycosylation 81:142 Integrated Proteomic and Glycoproteomic Analyses of Prostate Cancer Cells Reveal Glycoprotein Alteration in Protein Abundance and Glycosylation. 26256267 1 39 theme common 173:178 arg1 cancer 180:185 the most common cancer 164:185 the most common cancer among men in the U.S. and worldwide 164:221 Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men in the U.S. and worldwide, and androgen-deprivation therapy remains the principal treatment for patients. 26256267 1 39 theme common 173:178 arg1 cancer 154:159 Prostate cancer 145:159 Prostate cancer 145:159 Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men in the U.S. and worldwide, and androgen-deprivation therapy remains the principal treatment for patients. 26256267 14 40 theme approaches 2473:2482 arg1 development 2440:2450 the development 2436:2450 the development of novel therapeutic approaches and specific detection strategies for prostate cancer 2436:2536 The altered protein fucosylation forms have great potential in aiding our understanding of castration resistance and may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches and specific detection strategies for prostate cancer. 26256267 5 41 theme integrated 797:806 arg1 proteomics 815:824 proteomics 815:824 proteomics 815:824 Herein, we report the comparative analysis of these two prostate cancer cell lines using integrated global proteomics and glycoproteomics. 26256267 12 42 from fucosylation 2047:2058 arg1 cells 2067:2071 PC3 cells 2063:2071 PC3 cells 2063:2071 These intact glycopeptides contained 67 glycan compositions and showed increased fucosylation in PC3 cells in several of the examined glycosylation sites. 26256267 14 43 theme novel 2455:2459 arg1 approaches 2473:2482 novel therapeutic approaches 2455:2482 novel therapeutic approaches 2455:2482 The altered protein fucosylation forms have great potential in aiding our understanding of castration resistance and may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches and specific detection strategies for prostate cancer. 26256267 3 44 theme mechanisms 472:481 arg1 understanding 451:463 An increased understanding 438:463 An increased understanding of the mechanisms that underline the pathogenesis of castration resistance 438:538 An increased understanding of the mechanisms that underline the pathogenesis of castration resistance is therefore needed to develop novel therapeutics. 26256267 3 45 theme novel 571:575 arg1 therapeutics 577:588 novel therapeutics 571:588 novel therapeutics 571:588 An increased understanding of the mechanisms that underline the pathogenesis of castration resistance is therefore needed to develop novel therapeutics. 26256267 0 46 theme Integrated 0:9 arg1 Analyses 40:47 Integrated Proteomic and Glycoproteomic Analyses 0:47 Integrated Proteomic and Glycoproteomic Analyses of Prostate Cancer Cells 0:72 Integrated Proteomic and Glycoproteomic Analyses of Prostate Cancer Cells Reveal Glycoprotein Alteration in Protein Abundance and Glycosylation. 26256267 12 47 theme PC3 2063:2065 arg1 cells 2067:2071 PC3 cells 2063:2071 PC3 cells 2063:2071 These intact glycopeptides contained 67 glycan compositions and showed increased fucosylation in PC3 cells in several of the examined glycosylation sites. 26256267 8 48 link N-linked 1293:1300 arg1 peptides 1323:1330 the 1810 unique N-linked glycosite-containing peptides 1277:1330 the 1810 unique N-linked glycosite-containing peptides from 653 identified N-glycoproteins 1277:1366 Among the 1810 unique N-linked glycosite-containing peptides from 653 identified N-glycoproteins, 176 glycoproteins were observed to be different between the two cell lines. 26256267 4 49 theme PC3 601:603 arg1 cancer 614:619 PC3 prostate cancer 601:619 PC3 prostate cancer 601:619 LNCaP and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines are models for androgen-dependence and androgen-independence, respectively. 26256267 11 50 link N-linked 1886:1893 arg1 glycopeptides 1895:1907 1145 N-linked glycopeptides 1881:1907 1145 N-linked glycopeptides with attached glycans in the same iTRAQ-labeled samples 1881:1963 To determine the glycosylation heterogeneity at specific glycosylation sites, we further identified and quantified 1145 N-linked glycopeptides with attached glycans in the same iTRAQ-labeled samples. 26256267 9 51 gly glycoproteins 1471:1483 arg1 glycoproteins 1471:1483 the altered glycoproteins 1459:1483 the altered glycoproteins 1459:1483 A majority of the altered glycoproteins were also observed with changes in their global protein expression levels. 26256267 3 52 theme increased 441:449 arg1 understanding 451:463 An increased understanding 438:463 An increased understanding of the mechanisms that underline the pathogenesis of castration resistance 438:538 An increased understanding of the mechanisms that underline the pathogenesis of castration resistance is therefore needed to develop novel therapeutics. 26256267 4 53 theme cancer 614:619 arg1 models 636:641 models 636:641 models for androgen-dependence and androgen-independence 636:691 LNCaP and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines are models for androgen-dependence and androgen-independence, respectively. 26256267 4 53 theme cancer 614:619 arg1 lines 626:630 LNCaP and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines 591:630 LNCaP and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines 591:630 LNCaP and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines are models for androgen-dependence and androgen-independence, respectively. 26256267 6 54 theme quantitation 937:948 arg1 labeling 958:965 relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling 915:965 relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling 915:965 Global proteome profiling of the cell lines using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling and two- dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) led to the quantification of 8063 proteins. 26256267 14 55 theme resistance 2409:2418 arg1 understanding 2381:2393 our understanding 2377:2393 our understanding of castration resistance 2377:2418 The altered protein fucosylation forms have great potential in aiding our understanding of castration resistance and may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches and specific detection strategies for prostate cancer. 26256267 11 56 theme specific 1814:1821 arg1 sites 1837:1841 specific glycosylation sites 1814:1841 specific glycosylation sites 1814:1841 To determine the glycosylation heterogeneity at specific glycosylation sites, we further identified and quantified 1145 N-linked glycopeptides with attached glycans in the same iTRAQ-labeled samples. 26256267 13 57 theme detected 2173:2180 arg1 changes 2182:2188 the detected changes 2169:2188 the detected changes in enzymes belonging to the glycan biosynthesis pathways of protein fucosylation observed in our proteomic analysis 2169:2304 The increase in fucosylation could be caused by the detected changes in enzymes belonging to the glycan biosynthesis pathways of protein fucosylation observed in our proteomic analysis. 26256267 2 58 theme androgen-deprivation 356:375 arg1 therapy 377:383 androgen-deprivation therapy 356:383 androgen-deprivation therapy 356:383 Although a majority of patients initially respond to androgen-deprivation therapy, most will eventually develop castration resistance. 26256267 7 59 theme solid 1217:1221 arg1 extraction 1229:1238 solid phase extraction 1217:1238 solid phase extraction followed by LC-MS/MS analysis 1217:1268 To analyze the glycoproteins, glycosite-containing peptides were isolated from the same iTRAQ-labeled peptides from the cell lines using solid phase extraction followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. 26256267 9 60 theme altered 1463:1469 arg1 glycoproteins 1471:1483 the altered glycoproteins 1459:1483 the altered glycoproteins 1459:1483 A majority of the altered glycoproteins were also observed with changes in their global protein expression levels. 26256267 12 61 theme intact 1972:1977 arg1 glycopeptides 1979:1991 These intact glycopeptides 1966:1991 These intact glycopeptides 1966:1991 These intact glycopeptides contained 67 glycan compositions and showed increased fucosylation in PC3 cells in several of the examined glycosylation sites. 26256267 7 62 from lines 1205:1209 arg1 peptides 1182:1189 the same iTRAQ-labeled peptides 1159:1189 the same iTRAQ-labeled peptides from the cell lines 1159:1209 To analyze the glycoproteins, glycosite-containing peptides were isolated from the same iTRAQ-labeled peptides from the cell lines using solid phase extraction followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. 26256267 3 63 theme castration 518:527 arg1 resistance 529:538 castration resistance 518:538 castration resistance 518:538 An increased understanding of the mechanisms that underline the pathogenesis of castration resistance is therefore needed to develop novel therapeutics. 26256267 14 64 theme detection 2497:2505 arg1 strategies 2507:2516 specific detection strategies 2488:2516 specific detection strategies for prostate cancer 2488:2536 The altered protein fucosylation forms have great potential in aiding our understanding of castration resistance and may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches and specific detection strategies for prostate cancer. 26256267 1 65 theme androgen-deprivation 228:247 arg1 therapy 249:255 androgen-deprivation therapy 228:255 androgen-deprivation therapy 228:255 Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men in the U.S. and worldwide, and androgen-deprivation therapy remains the principal treatment for patients. 26256267 10 66 theme protein 1650:1656 arg1 level 1668:1672 the protein abundance level 1646:1672 the protein abundance level 1646:1672 However, alterations in 21 differentially expressed glycoproteins showed no change at the protein abundance level, indicating that the glycosylation site occupancy was different between the two cell lines. 26256267 7 67 theme cell 1200:1203 arg1 lines 1205:1209 the cell lines 1196:1209 the cell lines 1196:1209 To analyze the glycoproteins, glycosite-containing peptides were isolated from the same iTRAQ-labeled peptides from the cell lines using solid phase extraction followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. 26256267 6 68 dep dimensional 976:986 arg1 2D 989:990 2D 989:990 2D 989:990 Global proteome profiling of the cell lines using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling and two- dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) led to the quantification of 8063 proteins. 26256267 13 69 located observed 2271:2278 arg1 analysis 2297:2304 our proteomic analysis 2283:2304 our proteomic analysis 2283:2304 The increase in fucosylation could be caused by the detected changes in enzymes belonging to the glycan biosynthesis pathways of protein fucosylation observed in our proteomic analysis. 26256267 13 69 located observed 2271:2278 arg2 fucosylation 2258:2269 protein fucosylation 2250:2269 protein fucosylation observed in our proteomic analysis 2250:2304 The increase in fucosylation could be caused by the detected changes in enzymes belonging to the glycan biosynthesis pathways of protein fucosylation observed in our proteomic analysis. 26256267 1 70 theme principal 269:277 arg1 treatment 279:287 the principal treatment 265:287 the principal treatment for patients 265:300 Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men in the U.S. and worldwide, and androgen-deprivation therapy remains the principal treatment for patients. 26256267 6 71 theme two- 971:974 arg1 dimensional 976:986 dimensional 976:986 dimensional 976:986 Global proteome profiling of the cell lines using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling and two- dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) led to the quantification of 8063 proteins. 26256267 7 72 theme iTRAQ-labeled 1168:1180 arg1 peptides 1182:1189 the same iTRAQ-labeled peptides 1159:1189 the same iTRAQ-labeled peptides from the cell lines 1159:1209 To analyze the glycoproteins, glycosite-containing peptides were isolated from the same iTRAQ-labeled peptides from the cell lines using solid phase extraction followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. 26256267 6 73 theme cell 880:883 arg1 lines 885:889 the cell lines 876:889 the cell lines using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling and two- dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) 876:1034 Global proteome profiling of the cell lines using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling and two- dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) led to the quantification of 8063 proteins. 26256267 9 74 theme protein 1533:1539 arg1 levels 1552:1557 their global protein expression levels 1520:1557 their global protein expression levels 1520:1557 A majority of the altered glycoproteins were also observed with changes in their global protein expression levels. 26256267 0 75 theme Prostate 52:59 arg1 Cells 68:72 Prostate Cancer Cells 52:72 Prostate Cancer Cells 52:72 Integrated Proteomic and Glycoproteomic Analyses of Prostate Cancer Cells Reveal Glycoprotein Alteration in Protein Abundance and Glycosylation. 26256267 11 76 gly glycosylation 1783:1795 arg2 sites 1837:1841 specific glycosylation sites 1814:1841 specific glycosylation sites 1814:1841 To determine the glycosylation heterogeneity at specific glycosylation sites, we further identified and quantified 1145 N-linked glycopeptides with attached glycans in the same iTRAQ-labeled samples. 26256267 12 77 gly glycosylation 2100:2112 arg2 sites 2114:2118 the examined glycosylation sites 2087:2118 the examined glycosylation sites 2087:2118 These intact glycopeptides contained 67 glycan compositions and showed increased fucosylation in PC3 cells in several of the examined glycosylation sites. 26256267 2 78 theme patients 326:333 arg1 majority 314:321 a majority 312:321 a majority of patients 312:333 Although a majority of patients initially respond to androgen-deprivation therapy, most will eventually develop castration resistance. 26256267 10 79 theme site 1709:1712 arg1 occupancy 1714:1722 the glycosylation site occupancy 1691:1722 the glycosylation site occupancy 1691:1722 However, alterations in 21 differentially expressed glycoproteins showed no change at the protein abundance level, indicating that the glycosylation site occupancy was different between the two cell lines. 26256267 10 79 theme site 1709:1712 arg1 different 1728:1736 different 1728:1736 different 1728:1736 However, alterations in 21 differentially expressed glycoproteins showed no change at the protein abundance level, indicating that the glycosylation site occupancy was different between the two cell lines. 26256267 11 80 theme iTRAQ-labeled 1943:1955 arg1 samples 1957:1963 the same iTRAQ-labeled samples 1934:1963 the same iTRAQ-labeled samples 1934:1963 To determine the glycosylation heterogeneity at specific glycosylation sites, we further identified and quantified 1145 N-linked glycopeptides with attached glycans in the same iTRAQ-labeled samples. 26256267 5 81 theme prostate 764:771 arg1 lines 785:789 these two prostate cancer cell lines 754:789 these two prostate cancer cell lines 754:789 Herein, we report the comparative analysis of these two prostate cancer cell lines using integrated global proteomics and glycoproteomics. 26256267 6 82 theme proteome 854:861 arg1 profiling 863:871 Global proteome profiling 847:871 Global proteome profiling of the cell lines using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling and two- dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) 847:1034 Global proteome profiling of the cell lines using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling and two- dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) led to the quantification of 8063 proteins. 26256267 13 83 from changes 2182:2188 arg1 enzymes 2193:2199 enzymes 2193:2199 enzymes belonging to the glycan biosynthesis pathways of protein fucosylation observed in our proteomic analysis 2193:2304 The increase in fucosylation could be caused by the detected changes in enzymes belonging to the glycan biosynthesis pathways of protein fucosylation observed in our proteomic analysis. 26256267 0 84 from Alteration 94:103 arg1 Protein 108:114 Protein Abundance and Glycosylation 108:142 Protein 108:114 Integrated Proteomic and Glycoproteomic Analyses of Prostate Cancer Cells Reveal Glycoprotein Alteration in Protein Abundance and Glycosylation. 26256267 0 84 from Alteration 94:103 arg1 Glycosylation 130:142 Glycosylation 130:142 Glycosylation 130:142 Integrated Proteomic and Glycoproteomic Analyses of Prostate Cancer Cells Reveal Glycoprotein Alteration in Protein Abundance and Glycosylation. 26256267 13 85 from increase 2125:2132 arg1 fucosylation 2137:2148 fucosylation 2137:2148 fucosylation 2137:2148 The increase in fucosylation could be caused by the detected changes in enzymes belonging to the glycan biosynthesis pathways of protein fucosylation observed in our proteomic analysis. 26256267 14 86 theme fucosylation 2327:2338 arg1 forms 2340:2344 The altered protein fucosylation forms 2307:2344 The altered protein fucosylation forms 2307:2344 The altered protein fucosylation forms have great potential in aiding our understanding of castration resistance and may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches and specific detection strategies for prostate cancer. 26256267 5 87 theme cell 780:783 arg1 lines 785:789 these two prostate cancer cell lines 754:789 these two prostate cancer cell lines 754:789 Herein, we report the comparative analysis of these two prostate cancer cell lines using integrated global proteomics and glycoproteomics. 26256267 13 88 theme proteomic 2287:2295 arg1 analysis 2297:2304 our proteomic analysis 2283:2304 our proteomic analysis 2283:2304 The increase in fucosylation could be caused by the detected changes in enzymes belonging to the glycan biosynthesis pathways of protein fucosylation observed in our proteomic analysis. 26256267 8 89 theme unique 1286:1291 arg1 peptides 1323:1330 the 1810 unique N-linked glycosite-containing peptides 1277:1330 the 1810 unique N-linked glycosite-containing peptides from 653 identified N-glycoproteins 1277:1366 Among the 1810 unique N-linked glycosite-containing peptides from 653 identified N-glycoproteins, 176 glycoproteins were observed to be different between the two cell lines. 26256267 4 90 theme LNCaP 591:595 arg1 models 636:641 models 636:641 models for androgen-dependence and androgen-independence 636:691 LNCaP and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines are models for androgen-dependence and androgen-independence, respectively. 26256267 4 90 theme LNCaP 591:595 arg1 lines 626:630 LNCaP and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines 591:630 LNCaP and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines 591:630 LNCaP and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines are models for androgen-dependence and androgen-independence, respectively. 26256267 14 91 theme altered 2311:2317 arg1 forms 2340:2344 The altered protein fucosylation forms 2307:2344 The altered protein fucosylation forms 2307:2344 The altered protein fucosylation forms have great potential in aiding our understanding of castration resistance and may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches and specific detection strategies for prostate cancer. 26256267 8 92 gly N-glycoproteins 1352:1366 arg1 N-glycoproteins 1352:1366 N-glycoproteins 1352:1366 N-glycoproteins 1352:1366 Among the 1810 unique N-linked glycosite-containing peptides from 653 identified N-glycoproteins, 176 glycoproteins were observed to be different between the two cell lines. 26256267 8 93 theme glycosite-containing 1302:1321 arg1 peptides 1323:1330 the 1810 unique N-linked glycosite-containing peptides 1277:1330 the 1810 unique N-linked glycosite-containing peptides from 653 identified N-glycoproteins 1277:1366 Among the 1810 unique N-linked glycosite-containing peptides from 653 identified N-glycoproteins, 176 glycoproteins were observed to be different between the two cell lines. 26256267 6 94 theme chromatography-tandem 1000:1020 arg1 MS 1022:1023 two- dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography-tandem MS 971:1023 two- dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) 971:1034 Global proteome profiling of the cell lines using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling and two- dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) led to the quantification of 8063 proteins. 26256267 6 94 theme chromatography-tandem 1000:1020 arg1 LC-MS/MS 1026:1033 LC-MS/MS 1026:1033 LC-MS/MS 1026:1033 Global proteome profiling of the cell lines using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling and two- dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) led to the quantification of 8063 proteins. 26256267 13 95 theme fucosylation 2258:2269 arg1 pathways 2238:2245 the glycan biosynthesis pathways 2214:2245 the glycan biosynthesis pathways of protein fucosylation observed in our proteomic analysis 2214:2304 The increase in fucosylation could be caused by the detected changes in enzymes belonging to the glycan biosynthesis pathways of protein fucosylation observed in our proteomic analysis. 26256267 1 96 theme Prostate 145:152 arg1 cancer 180:185 the most common cancer 164:185 the most common cancer among men in the U.S. and worldwide 164:221 Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men in the U.S. and worldwide, and androgen-deprivation therapy remains the principal treatment for patients. 26256267 1 96 theme Prostate 145:152 arg1 cancer 154:159 Prostate cancer 145:159 Prostate cancer 145:159 Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men in the U.S. and worldwide, and androgen-deprivation therapy remains the principal treatment for patients. 26256267 7 97 attach isolated 1145:1152 arg1 peptides 1182:1189 the same iTRAQ-labeled peptides 1159:1189 the same iTRAQ-labeled peptides from the cell lines 1159:1209 To analyze the glycoproteins, glycosite-containing peptides were isolated from the same iTRAQ-labeled peptides from the cell lines using solid phase extraction followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. 26256267 7 97 attach isolated 1145:1152 arg2 peptides 1131:1138 glycosite-containing peptides 1110:1138 glycosite-containing peptides 1110:1138 To analyze the glycoproteins, glycosite-containing peptides were isolated from the same iTRAQ-labeled peptides from the cell lines using solid phase extraction followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. 26256267 11 98 theme N-linked 1886:1893 arg1 glycopeptides 1895:1907 1145 N-linked glycopeptides 1881:1907 1145 N-linked glycopeptides with attached glycans in the same iTRAQ-labeled samples 1881:1963 To determine the glycosylation heterogeneity at specific glycosylation sites, we further identified and quantified 1145 N-linked glycopeptides with attached glycans in the same iTRAQ-labeled samples. 26256267 11 99 gly glycosylation 1823:1835 arg2 sites 1837:1841 specific glycosylation sites 1814:1841 specific glycosylation sites 1814:1841 To determine the glycosylation heterogeneity at specific glycosylation sites, we further identified and quantified 1145 N-linked glycopeptides with attached glycans in the same iTRAQ-labeled samples. 26256267 12 100 gly fucosylation 2047:2058 arg1 cells 2067:2071 PC3 cells 2063:2071 PC3 cells 2063:2071 These intact glycopeptides contained 67 glycan compositions and showed increased fucosylation in PC3 cells in several of the examined glycosylation sites. 26256267 13 101 theme biosynthesis 2225:2236 arg1 pathways 2238:2245 the glycan biosynthesis pathways 2214:2245 the glycan biosynthesis pathways of protein fucosylation observed in our proteomic analysis 2214:2304 The increase in fucosylation could be caused by the detected changes in enzymes belonging to the glycan biosynthesis pathways of protein fucosylation observed in our proteomic analysis. 26256267 6 102 theme 8063 1065:1068 arg1 proteins 1070:1077 8063 proteins 1065:1077 8063 proteins 1065:1077 Global proteome profiling of the cell lines using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling and two- dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) led to the quantification of 8063 proteins. 26256267 14 103 theme therapeutic 2461:2471 arg1 approaches 2473:2482 novel therapeutic approaches 2455:2482 novel therapeutic approaches 2455:2482 The altered protein fucosylation forms have great potential in aiding our understanding of castration resistance and may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches and specific detection strategies for prostate cancer. 26256267 12 104 contain contained 1993:2001 arg1 glycopeptides 1979:1991 These intact glycopeptides 1966:1991 These intact glycopeptides 1966:1991 These intact glycopeptides contained 67 glycan compositions and showed increased fucosylation in PC3 cells in several of the examined glycosylation sites. 26256267 12 104 contain contained 1993:2001 arg2 compositions 2013:2024 67 glycan compositions 2003:2024 67 glycan compositions 2003:2024 These intact glycopeptides contained 67 glycan compositions and showed increased fucosylation in PC3 cells in several of the examined glycosylation sites. 26256267 5 105 theme global 808:813 arg1 proteomics 815:824 proteomics 815:824 proteomics 815:824 Herein, we report the comparative analysis of these two prostate cancer cell lines using integrated global proteomics and glycoproteomics. 26256267 0 106 dep Protein 108:114 arg1 Abundance 116:124 Abundance 116:124 Abundance 116:124 Integrated Proteomic and Glycoproteomic Analyses of Prostate Cancer Cells Reveal Glycoprotein Alteration in Protein Abundance and Glycosylation. 26256267 11 107 from sites 1837:1841 arg1 heterogeneity 1797:1809 the glycosylation heterogeneity 1779:1809 the glycosylation heterogeneity at specific glycosylation sites 1779:1841 To determine the glycosylation heterogeneity at specific glycosylation sites, we further identified and quantified 1145 N-linked glycopeptides with attached glycans in the same iTRAQ-labeled samples. 26256267 12 108 theme glycosylation 2100:2112 arg1 sites 2114:2118 the examined glycosylation sites 2087:2118 the examined glycosylation sites 2087:2118 These intact glycopeptides contained 67 glycan compositions and showed increased fucosylation in PC3 cells in several of the examined glycosylation sites. 26256267 11 109 gly glycopeptides 1895:1907 arg2 glycopeptides 1895:1907 1145 N-linked glycopeptides 1881:1907 1145 N-linked glycopeptides with attached glycans in the same iTRAQ-labeled samples 1881:1963 To determine the glycosylation heterogeneity at specific glycosylation sites, we further identified and quantified 1145 N-linked glycopeptides with attached glycans in the same iTRAQ-labeled samples. 26256267 12 110 gly showed 2030:2035 arg1 several 2076:2082 several 2076:2082 several 2076:2082 These intact glycopeptides contained 67 glycan compositions and showed increased fucosylation in PC3 cells in several of the examined glycosylation sites. 26256267 2 111 theme castration 415:424 arg1 resistance 426:435 castration resistance 415:435 castration resistance 415:435 Although a majority of patients initially respond to androgen-deprivation therapy, most will eventually develop castration resistance. 26256267 0 112 theme Proteomic 11:19 arg1 Analyses 40:47 Integrated Proteomic and Glycoproteomic Analyses 0:47 Integrated Proteomic and Glycoproteomic Analyses of Prostate Cancer Cells 0:72 Integrated Proteomic and Glycoproteomic Analyses of Prostate Cancer Cells Reveal Glycoprotein Alteration in Protein Abundance and Glycosylation. 26256267 4 113 theme prostate 605:612 arg1 cancer 614:619 PC3 prostate cancer 601:619 PC3 prostate cancer 601:619 LNCaP and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines are models for androgen-dependence and androgen-independence, respectively. 26256267 10 114 gly glycosylation 1695:1707 arg2 different 1728:1736 different 1728:1736 different 1728:1736 However, alterations in 21 differentially expressed glycoproteins showed no change at the protein abundance level, indicating that the glycosylation site occupancy was different between the two cell lines. 26256267 10 114 gly glycosylation 1695:1707 arg2 site 1709:1712 the glycosylation site occupancy 1691:1722 the glycosylation site occupancy 1691:1722 However, alterations in 21 differentially expressed glycoproteins showed no change at the protein abundance level, indicating that the glycosylation site occupancy was different between the two cell lines. 26256267 10 114 gly glycosylation 1695:1707 arg2 occupancy 1714:1722 the glycosylation site occupancy 1691:1722 the glycosylation site occupancy 1691:1722 However, alterations in 21 differentially expressed glycoproteins showed no change at the protein abundance level, indicating that the glycosylation site occupancy was different between the two cell lines. 26256267 12 115 gly glycopeptides 1979:1991 arg2 glycopeptides 1979:1991 These intact glycopeptides 1966:1991 These intact glycopeptides 1966:1991 These intact glycopeptides contained 67 glycan compositions and showed increased fucosylation in PC3 cells in several of the examined glycosylation sites. 26256267 10 116 theme cell 1754:1757 arg1 lines 1759:1763 the two cell lines 1746:1763 the two cell lines 1746:1763 However, alterations in 21 differentially expressed glycoproteins showed no change at the protein abundance level, indicating that the glycosylation site occupancy was different between the two cell lines. 26256267 0 117 theme Glycoproteomic 25:38 arg1 Analyses 40:47 Integrated Proteomic and Glycoproteomic Analyses 0:47 Integrated Proteomic and Glycoproteomic Analyses of Prostate Cancer Cells 0:72 Integrated Proteomic and Glycoproteomic Analyses of Prostate Cancer Cells Reveal Glycoprotein Alteration in Protein Abundance and Glycosylation. 26256267 4 118 theme cell 621:624 arg1 models 636:641 models 636:641 models for androgen-dependence and androgen-independence 636:691 LNCaP and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines are models for androgen-dependence and androgen-independence, respectively. 26256267 4 118 theme cell 621:624 arg1 lines 626:630 LNCaP and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines 591:630 LNCaP and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines 591:630 LNCaP and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines are models for androgen-dependence and androgen-independence, respectively. 26256267 10 119 theme expressed 1602:1610 arg1 glycoproteins 1612:1624 21 differentially expressed glycoproteins 1584:1624 21 differentially expressed glycoproteins 1584:1624 However, alterations in 21 differentially expressed glycoproteins showed no change at the protein abundance level, indicating that the glycosylation site occupancy was different between the two cell lines. 26256267 11 120 theme glycosylation 1823:1835 arg1 sites 1837:1841 specific glycosylation sites 1814:1841 specific glycosylation sites 1814:1841 To determine the glycosylation heterogeneity at specific glycosylation sites, we further identified and quantified 1145 N-linked glycopeptides with attached glycans in the same iTRAQ-labeled samples. 26256267 7 121 theme phase 1223:1227 arg1 extraction 1229:1238 solid phase extraction 1217:1238 solid phase extraction followed by LC-MS/MS analysis 1217:1268 To analyze the glycoproteins, glycosite-containing peptides were isolated from the same iTRAQ-labeled peptides from the cell lines using solid phase extraction followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. 26256267 9 122 from changes 1509:1515 arg1 levels 1552:1557 their global protein expression levels 1520:1557 their global protein expression levels 1520:1557 A majority of the altered glycoproteins were also observed with changes in their global protein expression levels. 26256267 12 123 theme examined 2091:2098 arg1 sites 2114:2118 the examined glycosylation sites 2087:2118 the examined glycosylation sites 2087:2118 These intact glycopeptides contained 67 glycan compositions and showed increased fucosylation in PC3 cells in several of the examined glycosylation sites. 26256267 6 124 theme Global 847:852 arg1 profiling 863:871 Global proteome profiling 847:871 Global proteome profiling of the cell lines using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling and two- dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) 847:1034 Global proteome profiling of the cell lines using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling and two- dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) led to the quantification of 8063 proteins. 26256267 0 125 theme Cancer 61:66 arg1 Cells 68:72 Prostate Cancer Cells 52:72 Prostate Cancer Cells 52:72 Integrated Proteomic and Glycoproteomic Analyses of Prostate Cancer Cells Reveal Glycoprotein Alteration in Protein Abundance and Glycosylation. 26256267 6 126 theme absolute 928:935 arg1 quantitation 937:948 relative and absolute quantitation 915:948 relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling 915:965 Global proteome profiling of the cell lines using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling and two- dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) led to the quantification of 8063 proteins. 26256267 6 126 theme absolute 928:935 arg1 iTRAQ 951:955 iTRAQ 951:955 iTRAQ 951:955 Global proteome profiling of the cell lines using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling and two- dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) led to the quantification of 8063 proteins. 26256267 9 127 theme glycoproteins 1471:1483 arg1 majority 1447:1454 A majority 1445:1454 A majority of the altered glycoproteins 1445:1483 A majority of the altered glycoproteins were also observed with changes in their global protein expression levels. 26256267 12 128 theme glycan 2006:2011 arg1 compositions 2013:2024 67 glycan compositions 2003:2024 67 glycan compositions 2003:2024 These intact glycopeptides contained 67 glycan compositions and showed increased fucosylation in PC3 cells in several of the examined glycosylation sites. 26256267 6 129 theme relative 915:922 arg1 quantitation 937:948 relative and absolute quantitation 915:948 relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling 915:965 Global proteome profiling of the cell lines using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling and two- dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) led to the quantification of 8063 proteins. 26256267 6 129 theme relative 915:922 arg1 iTRAQ 951:955 iTRAQ 951:955 iTRAQ 951:955 Global proteome profiling of the cell lines using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling and two- dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) led to the quantification of 8063 proteins. 26256267 14 130 contain have 2346:2349 arg2 potential 2357:2365 great potential 2351:2365 great potential 2351:2365 The altered protein fucosylation forms have great potential in aiding our understanding of castration resistance and may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches and specific detection strategies for prostate cancer. 26256267 14 130 contain have 2346:2349 arg1 forms 2340:2344 The altered protein fucosylation forms 2307:2344 The altered protein fucosylation forms 2307:2344 The altered protein fucosylation forms have great potential in aiding our understanding of castration resistance and may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches and specific detection strategies for prostate cancer. 26256267 3 131 theme resistance 529:538 arg1 pathogenesis 502:513 the pathogenesis 498:513 the pathogenesis of castration resistance 498:538 An increased understanding of the mechanisms that underline the pathogenesis of castration resistance is therefore needed to develop novel therapeutics. 26256267 10 132 theme abundance 1658:1666 arg1 level 1668:1672 the protein abundance level 1646:1672 the protein abundance level 1646:1672 However, alterations in 21 differentially expressed glycoproteins showed no change at the protein abundance level, indicating that the glycosylation site occupancy was different between the two cell lines. 26256267 1 133 dep U.S. 204:207 arg1 the 200:202 the 200:202 the 200:202 Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men in the U.S. and worldwide, and androgen-deprivation therapy remains the principal treatment for patients. 26256267 7 134 theme LC-MS/MS 1252:1259 arg1 analysis 1261:1268 LC-MS/MS analysis 1252:1268 LC-MS/MS analysis 1252:1268 To analyze the glycoproteins, glycosite-containing peptides were isolated from the same iTRAQ-labeled peptides from the cell lines using solid phase extraction followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. 25336655 0 0 theme mammalian 102:110 arg1 heparanase 112:121 mammalian heparanase 102:121 mammalian heparanase 102:121 A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based approach to characterize the substrate specificity of mammalian heparanase. 25336655 4 1 from fraction 560:567 arg1 HS 597:598 HS 597:598 HS 597:598 Heparanase cleaves only a limited fraction of glucuronidic linkages in HS. 25336655 7 2 theme cryptic 1082:1088 arg1 sites 1112:1116 cryptic growth factor binding sites 1082:1116 cryptic growth factor binding sites 1082:1116 Using this method, we demonstrate that heparanase cleaves at the non-reducing side of highly sulfated HS domains, exposing cryptic growth factor binding sites. 25336655 7 3 theme growth 1090:1095 arg1 sites 1112:1116 cryptic growth factor binding sites 1082:1116 cryptic growth factor binding sites 1082:1116 Using this method, we demonstrate that heparanase cleaves at the non-reducing side of highly sulfated HS domains, exposing cryptic growth factor binding sites. 25336655 5 4 theme due 699:701 arg1 investigations 621:634 few investigations 617:634 few investigations 617:634 There have been few investigations of the functional consequences of heparanase activity, largely due to the heterogeneity and complexity of HS. 25336655 10 5 theme nascent 1575:1581 arg1 domains 1607:1613 nascent growth factor-promoting domains 1575:1613 nascent growth factor-promoting domains 1575:1613 These results suggest a new mechanism to explain how heparanase might potentiate the uncontrolled cell proliferation associated with cancer through its ability to activate nascent growth factor-promoting domains within HS. 25336655 9 6 theme increased 1339:1347 arg1 ability 1349:1355 increased ability 1339:1355 increased ability to support FGF2-dependent cell proliferation 1339:1400 We further demonstrate that heparanase cleavage of HS chains leads to increased ability to support FGF2-dependent cell proliferation. 25336655 9 7 theme HS 1320:1321 arg1 chains 1323:1328 HS chains 1320:1328 HS chains 1320:1328 We further demonstrate that heparanase cleavage of HS chains leads to increased ability to support FGF2-dependent cell proliferation. 25336655 9 8 theme heparanase 1297:1306 arg1 cleavage 1308:1315 heparanase cleavage 1297:1315 heparanase cleavage of HS chains 1297:1328 We further demonstrate that heparanase cleavage of HS chains leads to increased ability to support FGF2-dependent cell proliferation. 25336655 1 9 theme extracellular 277:289 arg1 matrix 291:296 the extracellular matrix 273:296 the extracellular matrix 273:296 Extracellular heparanase activity releases growth factors and angiogenic factors from heparan sulfate (HS) storage sites and alters the integrity of the extracellular matrix. 25336655 8 10 theme overall 1202:1208 arg1 degree 1220:1225 overall sulfation degree 1202:1225 overall sulfation degree 1202:1225 This cleavage pattern is observed in HS from several tissue sources, regardless of overall sulfation degree, indicating a common recognition pattern. 25336655 4 11 theme limited 552:558 arg1 fraction 560:567 only a limited fraction 545:567 only a limited fraction of glucuronidic linkages in HS 545:598 Heparanase cleaves only a limited fraction of glucuronidic linkages in HS. 25336655 5 12 theme functional 643:652 arg1 consequences 654:665 the functional consequences 639:665 the functional consequences of heparanase activity 639:688 There have been few investigations of the functional consequences of heparanase activity, largely due to the heterogeneity and complexity of HS. 25336655 1 13 theme matrix 291:296 arg1 integrity 260:268 the integrity 256:268 the integrity of the extracellular matrix 256:296 Extracellular heparanase activity releases growth factors and angiogenic factors from heparan sulfate (HS) storage sites and alters the integrity of the extracellular matrix. 25336655 0 14 theme heparanase 112:121 arg1 specificity 87:97 the substrate specificity 73:97 the substrate specificity of mammalian heparanase 73:121 A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based approach to characterize the substrate specificity of mammalian heparanase. 25336655 10 15 theme cell 1501:1504 arg1 proliferation 1506:1518 the uncontrolled cell proliferation 1484:1518 the uncontrolled cell proliferation associated with cancer 1484:1541 These results suggest a new mechanism to explain how heparanase might potentiate the uncontrolled cell proliferation associated with cancer through its ability to activate nascent growth factor-promoting domains within HS. 25336655 5 16 theme consequences 654:665 arg1 investigations 621:634 few investigations 617:634 few investigations 617:634 There have been few investigations of the functional consequences of heparanase activity, largely due to the heterogeneity and complexity of HS. 25336655 8 17 located observed 1144:1151 arg1 HS 1156:1157 HS 1156:1157 HS from several tissue sources 1156:1185 This cleavage pattern is observed in HS from several tissue sources, regardless of overall sulfation degree, indicating a common recognition pattern. 25336655 8 17 located observed 1144:1151 arg2 pattern 1133:1139 This cleavage pattern 1119:1139 This cleavage pattern 1119:1139 This cleavage pattern is observed in HS from several tissue sources, regardless of overall sulfation degree, indicating a common recognition pattern. 25336655 6 18 from products 949:956 arg1 sites 934:938 the heparanase cleavage sites 910:938 the heparanase cleavage sites from the products 910:956 Here, we report a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based approach to profile the terminal structures created by heparanase digestion and reconstruct the heparanase cleavage sites from the products. 25336655 5 19 theme heparanase 670:679 arg1 activity 681:688 heparanase activity 670:688 heparanase activity 670:688 There have been few investigations of the functional consequences of heparanase activity, largely due to the heterogeneity and complexity of HS. 25336655 3 20 theme vascular 505:512 arg1 remodeling 514:523 vascular remodeling 505:523 vascular remodeling 505:523 Elevated expression of heparanase is associated with several human cancers and with vascular remodeling. 25336655 1 21 theme heparan 210:216 arg1 HS 227:228 HS 227:228 HS 227:228 Extracellular heparanase activity releases growth factors and angiogenic factors from heparan sulfate (HS) storage sites and alters the integrity of the extracellular matrix. 25336655 1 21 theme heparan 210:216 arg1 sulfate 218:224 heparan sulfate 210:224 heparan sulfate (HS) storage sites 210:243 Extracellular heparanase activity releases growth factors and angiogenic factors from heparan sulfate (HS) storage sites and alters the integrity of the extracellular matrix. 25336655 8 22 theme sulfation 1210:1218 arg1 degree 1220:1225 overall sulfation degree 1202:1225 overall sulfation degree 1202:1225 This cleavage pattern is observed in HS from several tissue sources, regardless of overall sulfation degree, indicating a common recognition pattern. 25336655 9 23 theme FGF2-dependent 1368:1381 arg1 proliferation 1388:1400 FGF2-dependent cell proliferation 1368:1400 FGF2-dependent cell proliferation 1368:1400 We further demonstrate that heparanase cleavage of HS chains leads to increased ability to support FGF2-dependent cell proliferation. 25336655 5 24 theme activity 681:688 arg1 consequences 654:665 the functional consequences 639:665 the functional consequences of heparanase activity 639:688 There have been few investigations of the functional consequences of heparanase activity, largely due to the heterogeneity and complexity of HS. 25336655 10 25 theme uncontrolled 1488:1499 arg1 proliferation 1506:1518 the uncontrolled cell proliferation 1484:1518 the uncontrolled cell proliferation associated with cancer 1484:1541 These results suggest a new mechanism to explain how heparanase might potentiate the uncontrolled cell proliferation associated with cancer through its ability to activate nascent growth factor-promoting domains within HS. 25336655 5 26 dep heterogeneity 710:722 arg1 the 706:708 the 706:708 the 706:708 There have been few investigations of the functional consequences of heparanase activity, largely due to the heterogeneity and complexity of HS. 25336655 1 27 theme sulfate 218:224 arg1 sites 239:243 heparan sulfate (HS) storage sites 210:243 heparan sulfate (HS) storage sites 210:243 Extracellular heparanase activity releases growth factors and angiogenic factors from heparan sulfate (HS) storage sites and alters the integrity of the extracellular matrix. 25336655 0 28 theme liquid 2:7 arg1 approach 48:55 A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based approach 0:55 A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based approach 0:55 A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based approach to characterize the substrate specificity of mammalian heparanase. 25336655 9 29 theme cell 1383:1386 arg1 proliferation 1388:1400 FGF2-dependent cell proliferation 1368:1400 FGF2-dependent cell proliferation 1368:1400 We further demonstrate that heparanase cleavage of HS chains leads to increased ability to support FGF2-dependent cell proliferation. 25336655 5 30 theme few 617:619 arg1 investigations 621:634 few investigations 617:634 few investigations 617:634 There have been few investigations of the functional consequences of heparanase activity, largely due to the heterogeneity and complexity of HS. 25336655 2 31 theme normal 334:339 arg1 junctions 362:370 normal cell matrix adherent junctions 334:370 normal cell matrix adherent junctions 334:370 These activities lead to a loss of normal cell matrix adherent junctions and correlate with invasive cellular phenotypes. 25336655 5 32 gly heterogeneity 710:722 arg1 HS 742:743 HS 742:743 HS 742:743 There have been few investigations of the functional consequences of heparanase activity, largely due to the heterogeneity and complexity of HS. 25336655 3 33 theme Elevated 421:428 arg1 expression 430:439 Elevated expression 421:439 Elevated expression of heparanase 421:453 Elevated expression of heparanase is associated with several human cancers and with vascular remodeling. 25336655 9 34 theme chains 1323:1328 arg1 cleavage 1308:1315 heparanase cleavage 1297:1315 heparanase cleavage of HS chains 1297:1328 We further demonstrate that heparanase cleavage of HS chains leads to increased ability to support FGF2-dependent cell proliferation. 25336655 10 35 theme new 1427:1429 arg1 mechanism 1431:1439 a new mechanism 1425:1439 a new mechanism to explain how heparanase might potentiate the uncontrolled cell proliferation associated with cancer through its ability to activate nascent growth factor-promoting domains within HS 1425:1623 These results suggest a new mechanism to explain how heparanase might potentiate the uncontrolled cell proliferation associated with cancer through its ability to activate nascent growth factor-promoting domains within HS. 25336655 8 36 theme recognition 1248:1258 arg1 pattern 1260:1266 a common recognition pattern 1239:1266 a common recognition pattern 1239:1266 This cleavage pattern is observed in HS from several tissue sources, regardless of overall sulfation degree, indicating a common recognition pattern. 25336655 2 37 theme cellular 400:407 arg1 phenotypes 409:418 invasive cellular phenotypes 391:418 invasive cellular phenotypes 391:418 These activities lead to a loss of normal cell matrix adherent junctions and correlate with invasive cellular phenotypes. 25336655 0 38 theme spectrometry-based 29:46 arg1 approach 48:55 A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based approach 0:55 A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based approach 0:55 A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based approach to characterize the substrate specificity of mammalian heparanase. 25336655 10 39 theme growth 1583:1588 arg1 domains 1607:1613 nascent growth factor-promoting domains 1575:1613 nascent growth factor-promoting domains 1575:1613 These results suggest a new mechanism to explain how heparanase might potentiate the uncontrolled cell proliferation associated with cancer through its ability to activate nascent growth factor-promoting domains within HS. 25336655 6 40 theme -based 811:816 arg1 approach 818:825 a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based approach 762:825 a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based approach to profile the terminal structures created by heparanase digestion and reconstruct the heparanase cleavage sites from the products 762:956 Here, we report a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based approach to profile the terminal structures created by heparanase digestion and reconstruct the heparanase cleavage sites from the products. 25336655 1 41 theme Extracellular 124:136 arg1 activity 149:156 Extracellular heparanase activity 124:156 Extracellular heparanase activity 124:156 Extracellular heparanase activity releases growth factors and angiogenic factors from heparan sulfate (HS) storage sites and alters the integrity of the extracellular matrix. 25336655 0 42 theme chromatography-mass 9:27 arg1 approach 48:55 A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based approach 0:55 A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based approach 0:55 A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based approach to characterize the substrate specificity of mammalian heparanase. 25336655 8 43 theme cleavage 1124:1131 arg1 pattern 1133:1139 This cleavage pattern 1119:1139 This cleavage pattern 1119:1139 This cleavage pattern is observed in HS from several tissue sources, regardless of overall sulfation degree, indicating a common recognition pattern. 25336655 6 44 theme cleavage 925:932 arg1 sites 934:938 the heparanase cleavage sites 910:938 the heparanase cleavage sites from the products 910:956 Here, we report a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based approach to profile the terminal structures created by heparanase digestion and reconstruct the heparanase cleavage sites from the products. 25336655 1 45 theme heparanase 138:147 arg1 activity 149:156 Extracellular heparanase activity 124:156 Extracellular heparanase activity 124:156 Extracellular heparanase activity releases growth factors and angiogenic factors from heparan sulfate (HS) storage sites and alters the integrity of the extracellular matrix. 25336655 1 46 theme storage 231:237 arg1 sites 239:243 heparan sulfate (HS) storage sites 210:243 heparan sulfate (HS) storage sites 210:243 Extracellular heparanase activity releases growth factors and angiogenic factors from heparan sulfate (HS) storage sites and alters the integrity of the extracellular matrix. 25336655 3 47 theme heparanase 444:453 arg1 expression 430:439 Elevated expression 421:439 Elevated expression of heparanase 421:453 Elevated expression of heparanase is associated with several human cancers and with vascular remodeling. 25336655 7 48 theme binding 1104:1110 arg1 sites 1112:1116 cryptic growth factor binding sites 1082:1116 cryptic growth factor binding sites 1082:1116 Using this method, we demonstrate that heparanase cleaves at the non-reducing side of highly sulfated HS domains, exposing cryptic growth factor binding sites. 25336655 6 49 theme heparanase 914:923 arg1 sites 934:938 the heparanase cleavage sites 910:938 the heparanase cleavage sites from the products 910:956 Here, we report a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based approach to profile the terminal structures created by heparanase digestion and reconstruct the heparanase cleavage sites from the products. 25336655 3 50 theme several 474:480 arg1 cancers 488:494 several human cancers 474:494 several human cancers 474:494 Elevated expression of heparanase is associated with several human cancers and with vascular remodeling. 25336655 4 51 theme glucuronidic 572:583 arg1 linkages 585:592 glucuronidic linkages 572:592 glucuronidic linkages in HS 572:598 Heparanase cleaves only a limited fraction of glucuronidic linkages in HS. 25336655 4 52 from linkages 585:592 arg1 HS 597:598 HS 597:598 HS 597:598 Heparanase cleaves only a limited fraction of glucuronidic linkages in HS. 25336655 8 53 from sources 1179:1185 arg1 HS 1156:1157 HS 1156:1157 HS from several tissue sources 1156:1185 This cleavage pattern is observed in HS from several tissue sources, regardless of overall sulfation degree, indicating a common recognition pattern. 25336655 8 54 theme common 1241:1246 arg1 pattern 1260:1266 a common recognition pattern 1239:1266 a common recognition pattern 1239:1266 This cleavage pattern is observed in HS from several tissue sources, regardless of overall sulfation degree, indicating a common recognition pattern. 25336655 1 55 from sites 239:243 arg1 factors 174:180 growth factors 167:180 growth factors 167:180 Extracellular heparanase activity releases growth factors and angiogenic factors from heparan sulfate (HS) storage sites and alters the integrity of the extracellular matrix. 25336655 1 55 from sites 239:243 arg1 factors 197:203 angiogenic factors 186:203 angiogenic factors 186:203 Extracellular heparanase activity releases growth factors and angiogenic factors from heparan sulfate (HS) storage sites and alters the integrity of the extracellular matrix. 25336655 6 56 theme terminal 842:849 arg1 structures 851:860 the terminal structures 838:860 the terminal structures created by heparanase digestion 838:892 Here, we report a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based approach to profile the terminal structures created by heparanase digestion and reconstruct the heparanase cleavage sites from the products. 25336655 8 57 theme tissue 1172:1177 arg1 sources 1179:1185 several tissue sources 1164:1185 several tissue sources 1164:1185 This cleavage pattern is observed in HS from several tissue sources, regardless of overall sulfation degree, indicating a common recognition pattern. 25336655 6 58 theme LC-MS 805:809 arg1 approach 818:825 a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based approach 762:825 a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based approach to profile the terminal structures created by heparanase digestion and reconstruct the heparanase cleavage sites from the products 762:956 Here, we report a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based approach to profile the terminal structures created by heparanase digestion and reconstruct the heparanase cleavage sites from the products. 25336655 2 59 theme junctions 362:370 arg1 loss 326:329 a loss 324:329 a loss of normal cell matrix adherent junctions 324:370 These activities lead to a loss of normal cell matrix adherent junctions and correlate with invasive cellular phenotypes. 25336655 7 60 theme factor 1097:1102 arg1 sites 1112:1116 cryptic growth factor binding sites 1082:1116 cryptic growth factor binding sites 1082:1116 Using this method, we demonstrate that heparanase cleaves at the non-reducing side of highly sulfated HS domains, exposing cryptic growth factor binding sites. 25336655 7 61 theme sulfated 1052:1059 arg1 domains 1064:1070 highly sulfated HS domains 1045:1070 highly sulfated HS domains 1045:1070 Using this method, we demonstrate that heparanase cleaves at the non-reducing side of highly sulfated HS domains, exposing cryptic growth factor binding sites. 25336655 2 62 theme adherent 353:360 arg1 junctions 362:370 normal cell matrix adherent junctions 334:370 normal cell matrix adherent junctions 334:370 These activities lead to a loss of normal cell matrix adherent junctions and correlate with invasive cellular phenotypes. 25336655 4 63 theme linkages 585:592 arg1 fraction 560:567 only a limited fraction 545:567 only a limited fraction of glucuronidic linkages in HS 545:598 Heparanase cleaves only a limited fraction of glucuronidic linkages in HS. 25336655 8 64 theme several 1164:1170 arg1 sources 1179:1185 several tissue sources 1164:1185 several tissue sources 1164:1185 This cleavage pattern is observed in HS from several tissue sources, regardless of overall sulfation degree, indicating a common recognition pattern. 25336655 6 65 theme spectrometry 791:802 arg1 approach 818:825 a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based approach 762:825 a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based approach to profile the terminal structures created by heparanase digestion and reconstruct the heparanase cleavage sites from the products 762:956 Here, we report a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based approach to profile the terminal structures created by heparanase digestion and reconstruct the heparanase cleavage sites from the products. 25336655 1 66 theme growth 167:172 arg1 factors 174:180 growth factors 167:180 growth factors 167:180 Extracellular heparanase activity releases growth factors and angiogenic factors from heparan sulfate (HS) storage sites and alters the integrity of the extracellular matrix. 25336655 5 67 theme HS 742:743 arg1 complexity 728:737 complexity 728:737 complexity 728:737 There have been few investigations of the functional consequences of heparanase activity, largely due to the heterogeneity and complexity of HS. 25336655 5 67 theme HS 742:743 arg1 heterogeneity 710:722 heterogeneity 710:722 heterogeneity 710:722 There have been few investigations of the functional consequences of heparanase activity, largely due to the heterogeneity and complexity of HS. 25336655 6 68 theme heparanase 873:882 arg1 digestion 884:892 heparanase digestion 873:892 heparanase digestion 873:892 Here, we report a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based approach to profile the terminal structures created by heparanase digestion and reconstruct the heparanase cleavage sites from the products. 25336655 7 69 theme domains 1064:1070 arg1 side 1037:1040 the non-reducing side 1020:1040 the non-reducing side of highly sulfated HS domains 1020:1070 Using this method, we demonstrate that heparanase cleaves at the non-reducing side of highly sulfated HS domains, exposing cryptic growth factor binding sites. 25336655 6 70 theme chromatography-mass 771:789 arg1 approach 818:825 a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based approach 762:825 a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based approach to profile the terminal structures created by heparanase digestion and reconstruct the heparanase cleavage sites from the products 762:956 Here, we report a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based approach to profile the terminal structures created by heparanase digestion and reconstruct the heparanase cleavage sites from the products. 25336655 2 71 theme cell 341:344 arg1 junctions 362:370 normal cell matrix adherent junctions 334:370 normal cell matrix adherent junctions 334:370 These activities lead to a loss of normal cell matrix adherent junctions and correlate with invasive cellular phenotypes. 25336655 2 72 theme matrix 346:351 arg1 junctions 362:370 normal cell matrix adherent junctions 334:370 normal cell matrix adherent junctions 334:370 These activities lead to a loss of normal cell matrix adherent junctions and correlate with invasive cellular phenotypes. 25336655 7 73 theme HS 1061:1062 arg1 domains 1064:1070 highly sulfated HS domains 1045:1070 highly sulfated HS domains 1045:1070 Using this method, we demonstrate that heparanase cleaves at the non-reducing side of highly sulfated HS domains, exposing cryptic growth factor binding sites. 25336655 6 74 theme liquid 764:769 arg1 approach 818:825 a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based approach 762:825 a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based approach to profile the terminal structures created by heparanase digestion and reconstruct the heparanase cleavage sites from the products 762:956 Here, we report a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based approach to profile the terminal structures created by heparanase digestion and reconstruct the heparanase cleavage sites from the products. 25336655 2 75 theme invasive 391:398 arg1 phenotypes 409:418 invasive cellular phenotypes 391:418 invasive cellular phenotypes 391:418 These activities lead to a loss of normal cell matrix adherent junctions and correlate with invasive cellular phenotypes. 25336655 3 76 theme human 482:486 arg1 cancers 488:494 several human cancers 474:494 several human cancers 474:494 Elevated expression of heparanase is associated with several human cancers and with vascular remodeling. 25336655 0 77 theme substrate 77:85 arg1 specificity 87:97 the substrate specificity 73:97 the substrate specificity of mammalian heparanase 73:121 A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based approach to characterize the substrate specificity of mammalian heparanase. 25336655 4 78 from HS 597:598 arg1 fraction 560:567 only a limited fraction 545:567 only a limited fraction of glucuronidic linkages in HS 545:598 Heparanase cleaves only a limited fraction of glucuronidic linkages in HS. 25336655 7 79 theme non-reducing 1024:1035 arg1 side 1037:1040 the non-reducing side 1020:1040 the non-reducing side of highly sulfated HS domains 1020:1070 Using this method, we demonstrate that heparanase cleaves at the non-reducing side of highly sulfated HS domains, exposing cryptic growth factor binding sites. 25336655 1 80 theme angiogenic 186:195 arg1 factors 197:203 angiogenic factors 186:203 angiogenic factors 186:203 Extracellular heparanase activity releases growth factors and angiogenic factors from heparan sulfate (HS) storage sites and alters the integrity of the extracellular matrix. 25336655 10 81 theme factor-promoting 1590:1605 arg1 domains 1607:1613 nascent growth factor-promoting domains 1575:1613 nascent growth factor-promoting domains 1575:1613 These results suggest a new mechanism to explain how heparanase might potentiate the uncontrolled cell proliferation associated with cancer through its ability to activate nascent growth factor-promoting domains within HS. 25225799 2 0 theme subgingival 361:371 arg1 crevices 373:380 subgingival crevices 361:380 subgingival crevices between the gums and teeth 361:407 Periodontitis is caused by a select group of pathogens that form biofilms in subgingival crevices between the gums and teeth. 25225799 5 1 theme gingival 969:976 arg1 tissues 978:984 the gingival tissues 965:984 the gingival tissues 965:984 Previous studies have shown that oral inoculation in mice with an attenuated strain of the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia altered in O-glycan surface composition induces a Th17-linked mobilization of neutrophils to the gingival tissues. 25225799 5 2 theme attenuated 805:814 arg1 strain 816:821 an attenuated strain 802:821 an attenuated strain of the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia altered in O-glycan surface composition 802:910 Previous studies have shown that oral inoculation in mice with an attenuated strain of the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia altered in O-glycan surface composition induces a Th17-linked mobilization of neutrophils to the gingival tissues. 25225799 5 3 theme neutrophils 950:960 arg1 mobilization 934:945 a Th17-linked mobilization 920:945 a Th17-linked mobilization of neutrophils to the gingival tissues 920:984 Previous studies have shown that oral inoculation in mice with an attenuated strain of the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia altered in O-glycan surface composition induces a Th17-linked mobilization of neutrophils to the gingival tissues. 25225799 8 4 theme periodontal 1461:1471 arg1 pathogens 1491:1499 periodontal and other mucosal pathogens 1461:1499 periodontal and other mucosal pathogens 1461:1499 This work demonstrates the potential of O-glycan modified Tannerella strains or their O-glycan components for harnessing Th17-mediated immunity against periodontal and other mucosal pathogens. 25225799 1 5 theme tooth 272:276 arg1 loss 278:281 tooth loss 272:281 tooth loss 272:281 Alveolar bone (tooth-supporting bone) erosion is a hallmark of periodontitis, an inflammatory disease that often leads to tooth loss. 25225799 0 6 theme alveolar 130:137 arg1 loss 144:147 associated alveolar bone loss 119:147 associated alveolar bone loss 119:147 Neutrophil mobilization by surface-glycan altered Th17-skewing bacteria mitigates periodontal pathogen persistence and associated alveolar bone loss. 25225799 7 7 with inoculation 1163:1173 arg1 strain 1208:1213 a Th17-biasing T. forsythia strain 1180:1213 a Th17-biasing T. forsythia strain 1180:1213 Our data show that inoculation with a Th17-biasing T. forsythia strain is effective in blocking P. gingivalis-persistence and associated alveolar bone loss in mice. 25225799 6 8 theme immune 1028:1033 arg1 priming 1035:1041 immune priming 1028:1041 immune priming with such a Th17-biasing strain 1028:1073 In this study, we sought to determine if immune priming with such a Th17-biasing strain would elicit a productive neutrophil response against P. gingivalis. 25225799 0 9 theme associated 119:128 arg1 loss 144:147 associated alveolar bone loss 119:147 associated alveolar bone loss 119:147 Neutrophil mobilization by surface-glycan altered Th17-skewing bacteria mitigates periodontal pathogen persistence and associated alveolar bone loss. 25225799 8 10 theme components 1404:1413 arg1 potential 1336:1344 the potential 1332:1344 the potential of O-glycan modified Tannerella strains or their O-glycan components for harnessing Th17-mediated immunity against periodontal and other mucosal pathogens 1332:1499 This work demonstrates the potential of O-glycan modified Tannerella strains or their O-glycan components for harnessing Th17-mediated immunity against periodontal and other mucosal pathogens. 25225799 2 11 from biofilms 349:356 arg1 crevices 373:380 subgingival crevices 361:380 subgingival crevices between the gums and teeth 361:407 Periodontitis is caused by a select group of pathogens that form biofilms in subgingival crevices between the gums and teeth. 25225799 4 12 theme periodontitis 724:736 arg1 treatment 711:719 the treatment 707:719 the treatment of periodontitis 707:736 Eradication of this pathogen is thus critical for the treatment of periodontitis. 25225799 5 13 theme O-glycan 883:890 arg1 composition 900:910 O-glycan surface composition 883:910 O-glycan surface composition 883:910 Previous studies have shown that oral inoculation in mice with an attenuated strain of the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia altered in O-glycan surface composition induces a Th17-linked mobilization of neutrophils to the gingival tissues. 25225799 5 14 theme oral 772:775 arg1 inoculation 777:787 oral inoculation 772:787 oral inoculation in mice with an attenuated strain of the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia altered in O-glycan surface composition 772:910 Previous studies have shown that oral inoculation in mice with an attenuated strain of the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia altered in O-glycan surface composition induces a Th17-linked mobilization of neutrophils to the gingival tissues. 25225799 8 15 theme O-glycan 1349:1356 arg1 strains 1378:1384 O-glycan modified Tannerella strains 1349:1384 O-glycan modified Tannerella strains 1349:1384 This work demonstrates the potential of O-glycan modified Tannerella strains or their O-glycan components for harnessing Th17-mediated immunity against periodontal and other mucosal pathogens. 25225799 6 16 theme P. 1129:1130 arg1 gingivalis 1132:1141 P. gingivalis 1129:1141 P. gingivalis 1129:1141 In this study, we sought to determine if immune priming with such a Th17-biasing strain would elicit a productive neutrophil response against P. gingivalis. 25225799 8 17 theme Th17-mediated 1430:1442 arg1 immunity 1444:1451 Th17-mediated immunity 1430:1451 Th17-mediated immunity against periodontal and other mucosal pathogens 1430:1499 This work demonstrates the potential of O-glycan modified Tannerella strains or their O-glycan components for harnessing Th17-mediated immunity against periodontal and other mucosal pathogens. 25225799 3 18 theme periodontal 441:451 arg1 responsible 508:518 responsible 508:518 responsible 508:518 It is well-recognized that the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis in these biofilms is responsible for modeling a microbial dysbiotic state, which then initiates an inflammatory response destructive to the periodontal tissues and bone. 25225799 3 18 theme periodontal 441:451 arg1 gingivalis 476:485 the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis 437:485 the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis in these biofilms 437:503 It is well-recognized that the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis in these biofilms is responsible for modeling a microbial dysbiotic state, which then initiates an inflammatory response destructive to the periodontal tissues and bone. 25225799 0 19 theme bone 139:142 arg1 loss 144:147 associated alveolar bone loss 119:147 associated alveolar bone loss 119:147 Neutrophil mobilization by surface-glycan altered Th17-skewing bacteria mitigates periodontal pathogen persistence and associated alveolar bone loss. 25225799 5 20 link Th17-linked 922:932 arg1 mobilization 934:945 a Th17-linked mobilization 920:945 a Th17-linked mobilization of neutrophils to the gingival tissues 920:984 Previous studies have shown that oral inoculation in mice with an attenuated strain of the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia altered in O-glycan surface composition induces a Th17-linked mobilization of neutrophils to the gingival tissues. 25225799 5 21 theme pathogen 842:849 arg1 forsythia 862:870 the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia 826:870 the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia altered in O-glycan surface composition 826:910 Previous studies have shown that oral inoculation in mice with an attenuated strain of the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia altered in O-glycan surface composition induces a Th17-linked mobilization of neutrophils to the gingival tissues. 25225799 3 22 theme pathogen 453:460 arg1 responsible 508:518 responsible 508:518 responsible 508:518 It is well-recognized that the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis in these biofilms is responsible for modeling a microbial dysbiotic state, which then initiates an inflammatory response destructive to the periodontal tissues and bone. 25225799 3 22 theme pathogen 453:460 arg1 gingivalis 476:485 the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis 437:485 the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis in these biofilms 437:503 It is well-recognized that the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis in these biofilms is responsible for modeling a microbial dysbiotic state, which then initiates an inflammatory response destructive to the periodontal tissues and bone. 25225799 5 23 theme periodontal 830:840 arg1 forsythia 862:870 the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia 826:870 the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia altered in O-glycan surface composition 826:910 Previous studies have shown that oral inoculation in mice with an attenuated strain of the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia altered in O-glycan surface composition induces a Th17-linked mobilization of neutrophils to the gingival tissues. 25225799 3 24 theme dysbiotic 545:553 arg1 state 555:559 a microbial dysbiotic state 533:559 a microbial dysbiotic state 533:559 It is well-recognized that the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis in these biofilms is responsible for modeling a microbial dysbiotic state, which then initiates an inflammatory response destructive to the periodontal tissues and bone. 25225799 7 25 theme alveolar 1281:1288 arg1 loss 1295:1298 alveolar bone loss 1281:1298 alveolar bone loss in mice 1281:1306 Our data show that inoculation with a Th17-biasing T. forsythia strain is effective in blocking P. gingivalis-persistence and associated alveolar bone loss in mice. 25225799 3 26 theme inflammatory 586:597 arg1 response 599:606 an inflammatory response 583:606 an inflammatory response destructive to the periodontal tissues and bone 583:654 It is well-recognized that the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis in these biofilms is responsible for modeling a microbial dysbiotic state, which then initiates an inflammatory response destructive to the periodontal tissues and bone. 25225799 0 27 theme Neutrophil 0:9 arg1 mobilization 11:22 Neutrophil mobilization 0:22 Neutrophil mobilization by surface-glycan altered Th17-skewing bacteria 0:70 Neutrophil mobilization by surface-glycan altered Th17-skewing bacteria mitigates periodontal pathogen persistence and associated alveolar bone loss. 25225799 7 28 theme T. 1195:1196 arg1 strain 1208:1213 a Th17-biasing T. forsythia strain 1180:1213 a Th17-biasing T. forsythia strain 1180:1213 Our data show that inoculation with a Th17-biasing T. forsythia strain is effective in blocking P. gingivalis-persistence and associated alveolar bone loss in mice. 25225799 5 29 theme Th17-linked 922:932 arg1 mobilization 934:945 a Th17-linked mobilization 920:945 a Th17-linked mobilization of neutrophils to the gingival tissues 920:984 Previous studies have shown that oral inoculation in mice with an attenuated strain of the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia altered in O-glycan surface composition induces a Th17-linked mobilization of neutrophils to the gingival tissues. 25225799 0 30 theme surface-glycan 27:40 arg1 bacteria 63:70 surface-glycan altered Th17-skewing bacteria 27:70 surface-glycan altered Th17-skewing bacteria 27:70 Neutrophil mobilization by surface-glycan altered Th17-skewing bacteria mitigates periodontal pathogen persistence and associated alveolar bone loss. 25225799 8 31 theme Tannerella 1367:1376 arg1 strains 1378:1384 O-glycan modified Tannerella strains 1349:1384 O-glycan modified Tannerella strains 1349:1384 This work demonstrates the potential of O-glycan modified Tannerella strains or their O-glycan components for harnessing Th17-mediated immunity against periodontal and other mucosal pathogens. 25225799 8 32 theme modified 1358:1365 arg1 strains 1378:1384 O-glycan modified Tannerella strains 1349:1384 O-glycan modified Tannerella strains 1349:1384 This work demonstrates the potential of O-glycan modified Tannerella strains or their O-glycan components for harnessing Th17-mediated immunity against periodontal and other mucosal pathogens. 25225799 2 33 theme select 313:318 arg1 pathogens 329:337 pathogens 329:337 pathogens that form biofilms in subgingival crevices between the gums and teeth 329:407 Periodontitis is caused by a select group of pathogens that form biofilms in subgingival crevices between the gums and teeth. 25225799 2 33 theme select 313:318 arg1 group 320:324 a select group 311:324 a select group of pathogens that form biofilms in subgingival crevices between the gums and teeth 311:407 Periodontitis is caused by a select group of pathogens that form biofilms in subgingival crevices between the gums and teeth. 25225799 1 34 theme periodontitis 213:225 arg1 hallmark 201:208 a hallmark 199:208 a hallmark of periodontitis, an inflammatory disease that often leads to tooth loss 199:281 Alveolar bone (tooth-supporting bone) erosion is a hallmark of periodontitis, an inflammatory disease that often leads to tooth loss. 25225799 1 34 theme periodontitis 213:225 arg1 erosion 188:194 Alveolar bone (tooth-supporting bone) erosion 150:194 Alveolar bone (tooth-supporting bone) erosion 150:194 Alveolar bone (tooth-supporting bone) erosion is a hallmark of periodontitis, an inflammatory disease that often leads to tooth loss. 25225799 5 35 theme forsythia 862:870 arg1 strain 816:821 an attenuated strain 802:821 an attenuated strain of the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia altered in O-glycan surface composition 802:910 Previous studies have shown that oral inoculation in mice with an attenuated strain of the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia altered in O-glycan surface composition induces a Th17-linked mobilization of neutrophils to the gingival tissues. 25225799 5 36 theme Previous 739:746 arg1 studies 748:754 Previous studies 739:754 Previous studies 739:754 Previous studies have shown that oral inoculation in mice with an attenuated strain of the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia altered in O-glycan surface composition induces a Th17-linked mobilization of neutrophils to the gingival tissues. 25225799 8 37 theme other 1477:1481 arg1 pathogens 1491:1499 periodontal and other mucosal pathogens 1461:1499 periodontal and other mucosal pathogens 1461:1499 This work demonstrates the potential of O-glycan modified Tannerella strains or their O-glycan components for harnessing Th17-mediated immunity against periodontal and other mucosal pathogens. 25225799 5 38 theme Tannerella 851:860 arg1 forsythia 862:870 the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia 826:870 the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia altered in O-glycan surface composition 826:910 Previous studies have shown that oral inoculation in mice with an attenuated strain of the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia altered in O-glycan surface composition induces a Th17-linked mobilization of neutrophils to the gingival tissues. 25225799 3 39 theme microbial 535:543 arg1 state 555:559 a microbial dysbiotic state 533:559 a microbial dysbiotic state 533:559 It is well-recognized that the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis in these biofilms is responsible for modeling a microbial dysbiotic state, which then initiates an inflammatory response destructive to the periodontal tissues and bone. 25225799 0 40 theme Th17-skewing 50:61 arg1 bacteria 63:70 surface-glycan altered Th17-skewing bacteria 27:70 surface-glycan altered Th17-skewing bacteria 27:70 Neutrophil mobilization by surface-glycan altered Th17-skewing bacteria mitigates periodontal pathogen persistence and associated alveolar bone loss. 25225799 3 41 dep modeling 524:531 arg1 state 555:559 a microbial dysbiotic state 533:559 a microbial dysbiotic state 533:559 It is well-recognized that the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis in these biofilms is responsible for modeling a microbial dysbiotic state, which then initiates an inflammatory response destructive to the periodontal tissues and bone. 25225799 4 42 theme pathogen 677:684 arg1 Eradication 657:667 Eradication 657:667 Eradication of this pathogen 657:684 Eradication of this pathogen is thus critical for the treatment of periodontitis. 25225799 8 43 theme mucosal 1483:1489 arg1 pathogens 1491:1499 periodontal and other mucosal pathogens 1461:1499 periodontal and other mucosal pathogens 1461:1499 This work demonstrates the potential of O-glycan modified Tannerella strains or their O-glycan components for harnessing Th17-mediated immunity against periodontal and other mucosal pathogens. 25225799 6 44 theme neutrophil 1101:1110 arg1 response 1112:1119 a productive neutrophil response 1088:1119 a productive neutrophil response against P. gingivalis 1088:1141 In this study, we sought to determine if immune priming with such a Th17-biasing strain would elicit a productive neutrophil response against P. gingivalis. 25225799 3 45 theme Porphyromonas 462:474 arg1 responsible 508:518 responsible 508:518 responsible 508:518 It is well-recognized that the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis in these biofilms is responsible for modeling a microbial dysbiotic state, which then initiates an inflammatory response destructive to the periodontal tissues and bone. 25225799 3 45 theme Porphyromonas 462:474 arg1 gingivalis 476:485 the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis 437:485 the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis in these biofilms 437:503 It is well-recognized that the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis in these biofilms is responsible for modeling a microbial dysbiotic state, which then initiates an inflammatory response destructive to the periodontal tissues and bone. 25225799 0 46 theme altered 42:48 arg1 bacteria 63:70 surface-glycan altered Th17-skewing bacteria 27:70 surface-glycan altered Th17-skewing bacteria 27:70 Neutrophil mobilization by surface-glycan altered Th17-skewing bacteria mitigates periodontal pathogen persistence and associated alveolar bone loss. 25225799 7 47 theme forsythia 1198:1206 arg1 strain 1208:1213 a Th17-biasing T. forsythia strain 1180:1213 a Th17-biasing T. forsythia strain 1180:1213 Our data show that inoculation with a Th17-biasing T. forsythia strain is effective in blocking P. gingivalis-persistence and associated alveolar bone loss in mice. 25225799 3 48 theme periodontal 627:637 arg1 tissues 639:645 the periodontal tissues 623:645 the periodontal tissues 623:645 It is well-recognized that the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis in these biofilms is responsible for modeling a microbial dysbiotic state, which then initiates an inflammatory response destructive to the periodontal tissues and bone. 25225799 1 49 theme inflammatory 231:242 arg1 disease 244:250 an inflammatory disease 228:250 an inflammatory disease that often leads to tooth loss 228:281 Alveolar bone (tooth-supporting bone) erosion is a hallmark of periodontitis, an inflammatory disease that often leads to tooth loss. 25225799 1 49 theme inflammatory 231:242 arg1 periodontitis 213:225 periodontitis 213:225 periodontitis 213:225 Alveolar bone (tooth-supporting bone) erosion is a hallmark of periodontitis, an inflammatory disease that often leads to tooth loss. 25225799 5 50 from inoculation 777:787 arg1 mice 792:795 mice 792:795 mice 792:795 Previous studies have shown that oral inoculation in mice with an attenuated strain of the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia altered in O-glycan surface composition induces a Th17-linked mobilization of neutrophils to the gingival tissues. 25225799 3 51 theme destructive 608:618 arg1 response 599:606 an inflammatory response 583:606 an inflammatory response destructive to the periodontal tissues and bone 583:654 It is well-recognized that the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis in these biofilms is responsible for modeling a microbial dysbiotic state, which then initiates an inflammatory response destructive to the periodontal tissues and bone. 25225799 3 52 from gingivalis 476:485 arg1 biofilms 496:503 these biofilms 490:503 these biofilms 490:503 It is well-recognized that the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis in these biofilms is responsible for modeling a microbial dysbiotic state, which then initiates an inflammatory response destructive to the periodontal tissues and bone. 25225799 8 53 theme strains 1378:1384 arg1 potential 1336:1344 the potential 1332:1344 the potential of O-glycan modified Tannerella strains or their O-glycan components for harnessing Th17-mediated immunity against periodontal and other mucosal pathogens 1332:1499 This work demonstrates the potential of O-glycan modified Tannerella strains or their O-glycan components for harnessing Th17-mediated immunity against periodontal and other mucosal pathogens. 25225799 7 54 theme Th17-biasing 1182:1193 arg1 strain 1208:1213 a Th17-biasing T. forsythia strain 1180:1213 a Th17-biasing T. forsythia strain 1180:1213 Our data show that inoculation with a Th17-biasing T. forsythia strain is effective in blocking P. gingivalis-persistence and associated alveolar bone loss in mice. 25225799 7 55 theme P. 1240:1241 arg1 gingivalis-persistence 1243:1264 P. gingivalis-persistence 1240:1264 P. gingivalis-persistence 1240:1264 Our data show that inoculation with a Th17-biasing T. forsythia strain is effective in blocking P. gingivalis-persistence and associated alveolar bone loss in mice. 25225799 1 56 theme Alveolar 150:157 arg1 hallmark 201:208 a hallmark 199:208 a hallmark of periodontitis, an inflammatory disease that often leads to tooth loss 199:281 Alveolar bone (tooth-supporting bone) erosion is a hallmark of periodontitis, an inflammatory disease that often leads to tooth loss. 25225799 1 56 theme Alveolar 150:157 arg1 erosion 188:194 Alveolar bone (tooth-supporting bone) erosion 150:194 Alveolar bone (tooth-supporting bone) erosion 150:194 Alveolar bone (tooth-supporting bone) erosion is a hallmark of periodontitis, an inflammatory disease that often leads to tooth loss. 25225799 7 57 from loss 1295:1298 arg1 mice 1303:1306 mice 1303:1306 mice 1303:1306 Our data show that inoculation with a Th17-biasing T. forsythia strain is effective in blocking P. gingivalis-persistence and associated alveolar bone loss in mice. 25225799 2 58 dep gums 394:397 arg1 the 390:392 the 390:392 the 390:392 Periodontitis is caused by a select group of pathogens that form biofilms in subgingival crevices between the gums and teeth. 25225799 5 59 with inoculation 777:787 arg1 strain 816:821 an attenuated strain 802:821 an attenuated strain of the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia altered in O-glycan surface composition 802:910 Previous studies have shown that oral inoculation in mice with an attenuated strain of the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia altered in O-glycan surface composition induces a Th17-linked mobilization of neutrophils to the gingival tissues. 25225799 1 60 theme bone 159:162 arg1 hallmark 201:208 a hallmark 199:208 a hallmark of periodontitis, an inflammatory disease that often leads to tooth loss 199:281 Alveolar bone (tooth-supporting bone) erosion is a hallmark of periodontitis, an inflammatory disease that often leads to tooth loss. 25225799 1 60 theme bone 159:162 arg1 erosion 188:194 Alveolar bone (tooth-supporting bone) erosion 150:194 Alveolar bone (tooth-supporting bone) erosion 150:194 Alveolar bone (tooth-supporting bone) erosion is a hallmark of periodontitis, an inflammatory disease that often leads to tooth loss. 25225799 0 61 dep pathogen 94:101 arg1 persistence 103:113 persistence 103:113 persistence 103:113 Neutrophil mobilization by surface-glycan altered Th17-skewing bacteria mitigates periodontal pathogen persistence and associated alveolar bone loss. 25225799 2 62 theme pathogens 329:337 arg1 pathogens 329:337 pathogens 329:337 pathogens that form biofilms in subgingival crevices between the gums and teeth 329:407 Periodontitis is caused by a select group of pathogens that form biofilms in subgingival crevices between the gums and teeth. 25225799 2 62 theme pathogens 329:337 arg1 group 320:324 a select group 311:324 a select group of pathogens that form biofilms in subgingival crevices between the gums and teeth 311:407 Periodontitis is caused by a select group of pathogens that form biofilms in subgingival crevices between the gums and teeth. 25225799 8 63 theme O-glycan 1395:1402 arg1 components 1404:1413 their O-glycan components 1389:1413 their O-glycan components 1389:1413 This work demonstrates the potential of O-glycan modified Tannerella strains or their O-glycan components for harnessing Th17-mediated immunity against periodontal and other mucosal pathogens. 25225799 6 64 theme Th17-biasing 1055:1066 arg1 strain 1068:1073 such a Th17-biasing strain 1048:1073 such a Th17-biasing strain 1048:1073 In this study, we sought to determine if immune priming with such a Th17-biasing strain would elicit a productive neutrophil response against P. gingivalis. 25225799 7 65 theme bone 1290:1293 arg1 loss 1295:1298 alveolar bone loss 1281:1298 alveolar bone loss in mice 1281:1306 Our data show that inoculation with a Th17-biasing T. forsythia strain is effective in blocking P. gingivalis-persistence and associated alveolar bone loss in mice. 25225799 5 66 theme surface 892:898 arg1 composition 900:910 O-glycan surface composition 883:910 O-glycan surface composition 883:910 Previous studies have shown that oral inoculation in mice with an attenuated strain of the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia altered in O-glycan surface composition induces a Th17-linked mobilization of neutrophils to the gingival tissues. 25225799 6 67 theme productive 1090:1099 arg1 response 1112:1119 a productive neutrophil response 1088:1119 a productive neutrophil response against P. gingivalis 1088:1141 In this study, we sought to determine if immune priming with such a Th17-biasing strain would elicit a productive neutrophil response against P. gingivalis. 25225799 1 68 theme tooth-supporting 165:180 arg1 hallmark 201:208 a hallmark 199:208 a hallmark of periodontitis, an inflammatory disease that often leads to tooth loss 199:281 Alveolar bone (tooth-supporting bone) erosion is a hallmark of periodontitis, an inflammatory disease that often leads to tooth loss. 25225799 1 68 theme tooth-supporting 165:180 arg1 erosion 188:194 Alveolar bone (tooth-supporting bone) erosion 150:194 Alveolar bone (tooth-supporting bone) erosion 150:194 Alveolar bone (tooth-supporting bone) erosion is a hallmark of periodontitis, an inflammatory disease that often leads to tooth loss. 25225799 0 69 theme periodontal 82:92 arg1 pathogen 94:101 periodontal pathogen persistence and associated alveolar bone loss 82:147 pathogen 94:101 Neutrophil mobilization by surface-glycan altered Th17-skewing bacteria mitigates periodontal pathogen persistence and associated alveolar bone loss. 25225799 6 70 with priming 1035:1041 arg1 strain 1068:1073 such a Th17-biasing strain 1048:1073 such a Th17-biasing strain 1048:1073 In this study, we sought to determine if immune priming with such a Th17-biasing strain would elicit a productive neutrophil response against P. gingivalis. 25225799 1 71 theme bone 182:185 arg1 hallmark 201:208 a hallmark 199:208 a hallmark of periodontitis, an inflammatory disease that often leads to tooth loss 199:281 Alveolar bone (tooth-supporting bone) erosion is a hallmark of periodontitis, an inflammatory disease that often leads to tooth loss. 25225799 1 71 theme bone 182:185 arg1 erosion 188:194 Alveolar bone (tooth-supporting bone) erosion 150:194 Alveolar bone (tooth-supporting bone) erosion 150:194 Alveolar bone (tooth-supporting bone) erosion is a hallmark of periodontitis, an inflammatory disease that often leads to tooth loss. 26247592 0 0 theme Soil-Borne 80:89 arg1 Fungi 91:95 Soil-Borne Fungi 80:95 Soil-Borne Fungi 80:95 Salecan Enhances the Activities of β-1,3-Glucanase and Decreases the Biomass of Soil-Borne Fungi. 26247592 4 1 theme marked 722:727 arg1 decrease 729:736 a marked decrease 720:736 a marked decrease in the numbers of fungi 720:760 After 60 days, soil microorganism counts showed no significant variation in bacterial density and a marked decrease in the numbers of fungi. 26247592 4 2 from decrease 729:736 arg1 numbers 745:751 the numbers 741:751 the numbers of fungi 741:760 After 60 days, soil microorganism counts showed no significant variation in bacterial density and a marked decrease in the numbers of fungi. 26247592 4 2 from decrease 729:736 arg1 density 708:714 bacterial density 698:714 bacterial density 698:714 After 60 days, soil microorganism counts showed no significant variation in bacterial density and a marked decrease in the numbers of fungi. 26247592 5 3 theme strains 945:951 arg1 amount 926:931 the amount 922:931 the amount of Fusarium strains 922:951 The DGGE profiles revealed that salecan changed the composition of the microbial community in soil by increasing the amount of Bacillus strains and decreasing the amount of Fusarium strains. 26247592 5 3 theme strains 945:951 arg1 strains 945:951 Fusarium strains 936:951 Fusarium strains 936:951 The DGGE profiles revealed that salecan changed the composition of the microbial community in soil by increasing the amount of Bacillus strains and decreasing the amount of Fusarium strains. 26247592 3 4 theme culture-independent 529:547 arg1 DGGE 594:597 DGGE 594:597 DGGE 594:597 Compositional shifts in the genetic structure of indigenous soil bacterial and fungal communities were monitored using culture-dependent dilution plating, culture-independent PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative PCR. 26247592 3 4 theme culture-independent 529:547 arg1 electrophoresis 577:591 culture-independent PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis 529:591 culture-independent PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) 529:598 Compositional shifts in the genetic structure of indigenous soil bacterial and fungal communities were monitored using culture-dependent dilution plating, culture-independent PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative PCR. 26247592 8 5 theme β-1,3-glucanase 1259:1273 arg1 activities 1245:1254 the activities 1241:1254 the activities of β-1,3-glucanase 1241:1273 This decrease in the amount of fungi can be explained by salecan inducing an increase in the activities of β-1,3-glucanase in the soil. 26247592 3 6 theme communities 460:470 arg1 structure 410:418 the genetic structure 398:418 the genetic structure of indigenous soil bacterial and fungal communities 398:470 Compositional shifts in the genetic structure of indigenous soil bacterial and fungal communities were monitored using culture-dependent dilution plating, culture-independent PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative PCR. 26247592 5 7 from composition 815:825 arg1 soil 857:860 soil 857:860 soil 857:860 The DGGE profiles revealed that salecan changed the composition of the microbial community in soil by increasing the amount of Bacillus strains and decreasing the amount of Fusarium strains. 26247592 0 8 theme Fungi 91:95 arg1 Biomass 69:75 the Biomass 65:75 the Biomass of Soil-Borne Fungi 65:95 Salecan Enhances the Activities of β-1,3-Glucanase and Decreases the Biomass of Soil-Borne Fungi. 26247592 9 9 theme salecan 1339:1345 arg1 application 1324:1334 the promising application 1310:1334 the promising application of salecan for biological control of pathogens of soil-borne fungi 1310:1401 These results suggest the promising application of salecan for biological control of pathogens of soil-borne fungi. 26247592 4 10 theme fungi 756:760 arg1 numbers 745:751 the numbers 741:751 the numbers of fungi 741:760 After 60 days, soil microorganism counts showed no significant variation in bacterial density and a marked decrease in the numbers of fungi. 26247592 3 11 theme culture-dependent 493:509 arg1 plating 520:526 culture-dependent dilution plating 493:526 culture-dependent dilution plating 493:526 Compositional shifts in the genetic structure of indigenous soil bacterial and fungal communities were monitored using culture-dependent dilution plating, culture-independent PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative PCR. 26247592 5 12 theme DGGE 767:770 arg1 profiles 772:779 The DGGE profiles 763:779 The DGGE profiles 763:779 The DGGE profiles revealed that salecan changed the composition of the microbial community in soil by increasing the amount of Bacillus strains and decreasing the amount of Fusarium strains. 26247592 5 13 theme Fusarium 936:943 arg1 strains 945:951 Fusarium strains 936:951 Fusarium strains 936:951 The DGGE profiles revealed that salecan changed the composition of the microbial community in soil by increasing the amount of Bacillus strains and decreasing the amount of Fusarium strains. 26247592 3 14 theme gel 573:575 arg1 DGGE 594:597 DGGE 594:597 DGGE 594:597 Compositional shifts in the genetic structure of indigenous soil bacterial and fungal communities were monitored using culture-dependent dilution plating, culture-independent PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative PCR. 26247592 3 14 theme gel 573:575 arg1 electrophoresis 577:591 culture-independent PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis 529:591 culture-independent PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) 529:598 Compositional shifts in the genetic structure of indigenous soil bacterial and fungal communities were monitored using culture-dependent dilution plating, culture-independent PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative PCR. 26247592 5 15 theme strains 899:905 arg1 amount 880:885 the amount 876:885 the amount of Bacillus strains 876:905 The DGGE profiles revealed that salecan changed the composition of the microbial community in soil by increasing the amount of Bacillus strains and decreasing the amount of Fusarium strains. 26247592 5 15 theme strains 899:905 arg1 strains 899:905 Bacillus strains 890:905 Bacillus strains 890:905 The DGGE profiles revealed that salecan changed the composition of the microbial community in soil by increasing the amount of Bacillus strains and decreasing the amount of Fusarium strains. 26247592 3 16 theme bacterial 439:447 arg1 communities 460:470 indigenous soil bacterial and fungal communities 423:470 indigenous soil bacterial and fungal communities 423:470 Compositional shifts in the genetic structure of indigenous soil bacterial and fungal communities were monitored using culture-dependent dilution plating, culture-independent PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative PCR. 26247592 6 17 theme fungi 1020:1024 arg1 populations 990:1000 the populations 986:1000 the populations of the soil-borne fungi 986:1024 Quantitative PCR confirmed that the populations of the soil-borne fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Trichoderma spp. 26247592 3 18 from shifts 388:393 arg1 structure 410:418 the genetic structure 398:418 the genetic structure of indigenous soil bacterial and fungal communities 398:470 Compositional shifts in the genetic structure of indigenous soil bacterial and fungal communities were monitored using culture-dependent dilution plating, culture-independent PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative PCR. 26247592 2 19 theme study 277:281 arg1 objective 259:267 The objective 255:267 The objective of this study 255:281 The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of salecan on soil microbial communities in a vegetable patch. 26247592 1 20 theme potential 179:187 arg1 applications 189:200 potential applications 179:200 potential applications 179:200 Salecan, a linear extracellular polysaccharide consisting of β-1,3-D-glucan, has potential applications in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. 26247592 5 21 theme microbial 834:842 arg1 community 844:852 the microbial community 830:852 the microbial community 830:852 The DGGE profiles revealed that salecan changed the composition of the microbial community in soil by increasing the amount of Bacillus strains and decreasing the amount of Fusarium strains. 26247592 9 22 theme soil-borne 1386:1395 arg1 fungi 1397:1401 soil-borne fungi 1386:1401 soil-borne fungi 1386:1401 These results suggest the promising application of salecan for biological control of pathogens of soil-borne fungi. 26247592 2 23 theme salecan 314:320 arg1 effects 303:309 the effects 299:309 the effects of salecan on soil microbial communities 299:350 The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of salecan on soil microbial communities in a vegetable patch. 26247592 3 24 theme indigenous 423:432 arg1 communities 460:470 indigenous soil bacterial and fungal communities 423:470 indigenous soil bacterial and fungal communities 423:470 Compositional shifts in the genetic structure of indigenous soil bacterial and fungal communities were monitored using culture-dependent dilution plating, culture-independent PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative PCR. 26247592 5 25 theme community 844:852 arg1 composition 815:825 the composition 811:825 the composition of the microbial community in soil 811:860 The DGGE profiles revealed that salecan changed the composition of the microbial community in soil by increasing the amount of Bacillus strains and decreasing the amount of Fusarium strains. 26247592 6 26 theme soil-borne 1009:1018 arg1 fungi 1020:1024 the soil-borne fungi 1005:1024 the soil-borne fungi 1005:1024 Quantitative PCR confirmed that the populations of the soil-borne fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Trichoderma spp. 26247592 8 27 theme fungi 1183:1187 arg1 fungi 1183:1187 fungi 1183:1187 fungi 1183:1187 This decrease in the amount of fungi can be explained by salecan inducing an increase in the activities of β-1,3-glucanase in the soil. 26247592 8 27 theme fungi 1183:1187 arg1 amount 1173:1178 the amount 1169:1178 the amount of fungi 1169:1187 This decrease in the amount of fungi can be explained by salecan inducing an increase in the activities of β-1,3-glucanase in the soil. 26247592 4 28 from variation 685:693 arg1 numbers 745:751 the numbers 741:751 the numbers of fungi 741:760 After 60 days, soil microorganism counts showed no significant variation in bacterial density and a marked decrease in the numbers of fungi. 26247592 4 28 from variation 685:693 arg1 density 708:714 bacterial density 698:714 bacterial density 698:714 After 60 days, soil microorganism counts showed no significant variation in bacterial density and a marked decrease in the numbers of fungi. 26247592 3 29 theme soil 434:437 arg1 communities 460:470 indigenous soil bacterial and fungal communities 423:470 indigenous soil bacterial and fungal communities 423:470 Compositional shifts in the genetic structure of indigenous soil bacterial and fungal communities were monitored using culture-dependent dilution plating, culture-independent PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative PCR. 26247592 9 30 theme pathogens 1373:1381 arg1 control 1362:1368 biological control 1351:1368 biological control of pathogens of soil-borne fungi 1351:1401 These results suggest the promising application of salecan for biological control of pathogens of soil-borne fungi. 26247592 3 31 theme Compositional 374:386 arg1 shifts 388:393 Compositional shifts 374:393 Compositional shifts in the genetic structure of indigenous soil bacterial and fungal communities 374:470 Compositional shifts in the genetic structure of indigenous soil bacterial and fungal communities were monitored using culture-dependent dilution plating, culture-independent PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative PCR. 26247592 6 32 dep confirmed 971:979 arg1 oxysporum 1035:1043 Fusarium oxysporum 1026:1043 Fusarium oxysporum 1026:1043 Quantitative PCR confirmed that the populations of the soil-borne fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Trichoderma spp. 26247592 6 32 dep confirmed 971:979 arg1 spp 1061:1063 Trichoderma spp 1049:1063 Trichoderma spp 1049:1063 Quantitative PCR confirmed that the populations of the soil-borne fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Trichoderma spp. 26247592 1 33 theme food 209:212 arg1 industries 243:252 the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries 205:252 the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries 205:252 Salecan, a linear extracellular polysaccharide consisting of β-1,3-D-glucan, has potential applications in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. 26247592 0 34 theme β-1,3-Glucanase 35:49 arg1 Activities 21:30 the Activities 17:30 the Activities of β-1,3-Glucanase 17:49 Salecan Enhances the Activities of β-1,3-Glucanase and Decreases the Biomass of Soil-Borne Fungi. 26247592 2 35 theme microbial 330:338 arg1 communities 340:350 soil microbial communities 325:350 soil microbial communities 325:350 The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of salecan on soil microbial communities in a vegetable patch. 26247592 4 36 theme significant 673:683 arg1 variation 685:693 no significant variation 670:693 no significant variation in bacterial density 670:714 After 60 days, soil microorganism counts showed no significant variation in bacterial density and a marked decrease in the numbers of fungi. 26247592 7 37 contain containing 1132:1141 arg2 salecan 1143:1149 salecan 1143:1149 salecan 1143:1149 were decreased approximately 6- and 2-fold, respectively, in soil containing salecan. 26247592 7 37 contain containing 1132:1141 arg1 soil 1127:1130 soil 1127:1130 soil containing salecan 1127:1149 were decreased approximately 6- and 2-fold, respectively, in soil containing salecan. 26247592 3 38 theme fungal 453:458 arg1 communities 460:470 indigenous soil bacterial and fungal communities 423:470 indigenous soil bacterial and fungal communities 423:470 Compositional shifts in the genetic structure of indigenous soil bacterial and fungal communities were monitored using culture-dependent dilution plating, culture-independent PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative PCR. 26247592 4 39 theme bacterial 698:706 arg1 density 708:714 bacterial density 698:714 bacterial density 698:714 After 60 days, soil microorganism counts showed no significant variation in bacterial density and a marked decrease in the numbers of fungi. 26247592 9 40 theme fungi 1397:1401 arg1 pathogens 1373:1381 pathogens 1373:1381 pathogens of soil-borne fungi 1373:1401 These results suggest the promising application of salecan for biological control of pathogens of soil-borne fungi. 26247592 8 41 from decrease 1157:1164 arg1 fungi 1183:1187 fungi 1183:1187 fungi 1183:1187 This decrease in the amount of fungi can be explained by salecan inducing an increase in the activities of β-1,3-glucanase in the soil. 26247592 8 41 from decrease 1157:1164 arg1 amount 1173:1178 the amount 1169:1178 the amount of fungi 1169:1187 This decrease in the amount of fungi can be explained by salecan inducing an increase in the activities of β-1,3-glucanase in the soil. 26247592 1 42 theme cosmetic 234:241 arg1 industries 243:252 the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries 205:252 the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries 205:252 Salecan, a linear extracellular polysaccharide consisting of β-1,3-D-glucan, has potential applications in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. 26247592 1 43 contain has 175:177 arg1 polysaccharide 130:143 a linear extracellular polysaccharide 107:143 a linear extracellular polysaccharide consisting of β-1,3-D-glucan 107:172 Salecan, a linear extracellular polysaccharide consisting of β-1,3-D-glucan, has potential applications in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. 26247592 1 43 contain has 175:177 arg1 Salecan 98:104 Salecan 98:104 Salecan 98:104 Salecan, a linear extracellular polysaccharide consisting of β-1,3-D-glucan, has potential applications in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. 26247592 1 43 contain has 175:177 arg2 applications 189:200 potential applications 179:200 potential applications 179:200 Salecan, a linear extracellular polysaccharide consisting of β-1,3-D-glucan, has potential applications in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. 26247592 9 44 theme biological 1351:1360 arg1 control 1362:1368 biological control 1351:1368 biological control of pathogens of soil-borne fungi 1351:1401 These results suggest the promising application of salecan for biological control of pathogens of soil-borne fungi. 26247592 3 45 theme dilution 511:518 arg1 plating 520:526 culture-dependent dilution plating 493:526 culture-dependent dilution plating 493:526 Compositional shifts in the genetic structure of indigenous soil bacterial and fungal communities were monitored using culture-dependent dilution plating, culture-independent PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative PCR. 26247592 3 46 theme genetic 402:408 arg1 structure 410:418 the genetic structure 398:418 the genetic structure of indigenous soil bacterial and fungal communities 398:470 Compositional shifts in the genetic structure of indigenous soil bacterial and fungal communities were monitored using culture-dependent dilution plating, culture-independent PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative PCR. 26247592 6 47 dep oxysporum 1035:1043 arg1 populations 990:1000 the populations 986:1000 the populations of the soil-borne fungi 986:1024 Quantitative PCR confirmed that the populations of the soil-borne fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Trichoderma spp. 26247592 8 48 from increase 1229:1236 arg1 activities 1245:1254 the activities 1241:1254 the activities of β-1,3-glucanase 1241:1273 This decrease in the amount of fungi can be explained by salecan inducing an increase in the activities of β-1,3-glucanase in the soil. 26247592 9 49 theme promising 1314:1322 arg1 application 1324:1334 the promising application 1310:1334 the promising application of salecan for biological control of pathogens of soil-borne fungi 1310:1401 These results suggest the promising application of salecan for biological control of pathogens of soil-borne fungi. 26247592 1 50 theme linear 109:114 arg1 polysaccharide 130:143 a linear extracellular polysaccharide 107:143 a linear extracellular polysaccharide consisting of β-1,3-D-glucan 107:172 Salecan, a linear extracellular polysaccharide consisting of β-1,3-D-glucan, has potential applications in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. 26247592 1 50 theme linear 109:114 arg1 Salecan 98:104 Salecan 98:104 Salecan 98:104 Salecan, a linear extracellular polysaccharide consisting of β-1,3-D-glucan, has potential applications in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. 26247592 3 51 theme quantitative 604:615 arg1 PCR 617:619 quantitative PCR 604:619 quantitative PCR 604:619 Compositional shifts in the genetic structure of indigenous soil bacterial and fungal communities were monitored using culture-dependent dilution plating, culture-independent PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative PCR. 26247592 1 52 theme extracellular 116:128 arg1 polysaccharide 130:143 a linear extracellular polysaccharide 107:143 a linear extracellular polysaccharide consisting of β-1,3-D-glucan 107:172 Salecan, a linear extracellular polysaccharide consisting of β-1,3-D-glucan, has potential applications in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. 26247592 1 52 theme extracellular 116:128 arg1 Salecan 98:104 Salecan 98:104 Salecan 98:104 Salecan, a linear extracellular polysaccharide consisting of β-1,3-D-glucan, has potential applications in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. 26247592 4 53 theme soil 637:640 arg1 counts 656:661 soil microorganism counts 637:661 soil microorganism counts 637:661 After 60 days, soil microorganism counts showed no significant variation in bacterial density and a marked decrease in the numbers of fungi. 26247592 2 54 theme vegetable 357:365 arg1 patch 367:371 a vegetable patch 355:371 a vegetable patch 355:371 The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of salecan on soil microbial communities in a vegetable patch. 26247592 2 55 theme soil 325:328 arg1 communities 340:350 soil microbial communities 325:350 soil microbial communities 325:350 The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of salecan on soil microbial communities in a vegetable patch. 26247592 1 56 theme pharmaceutical 215:228 arg1 industries 243:252 the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries 205:252 the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries 205:252 Salecan, a linear extracellular polysaccharide consisting of β-1,3-D-glucan, has potential applications in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. 26247592 3 57 theme PCR-denaturing 549:562 arg1 DGGE 594:597 DGGE 594:597 DGGE 594:597 Compositional shifts in the genetic structure of indigenous soil bacterial and fungal communities were monitored using culture-dependent dilution plating, culture-independent PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative PCR. 26247592 3 57 theme PCR-denaturing 549:562 arg1 electrophoresis 577:591 culture-independent PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis 529:591 culture-independent PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) 529:598 Compositional shifts in the genetic structure of indigenous soil bacterial and fungal communities were monitored using culture-dependent dilution plating, culture-independent PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative PCR. 26247592 5 58 theme Bacillus 890:897 arg1 strains 899:905 Bacillus strains 890:905 Bacillus strains 890:905 The DGGE profiles revealed that salecan changed the composition of the microbial community in soil by increasing the amount of Bacillus strains and decreasing the amount of Fusarium strains. 26247592 6 59 theme Quantitative 954:965 arg1 PCR 967:969 Quantitative PCR 954:969 Quantitative PCR 954:969 Quantitative PCR confirmed that the populations of the soil-borne fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Trichoderma spp. 26247592 3 60 theme gradient 564:571 arg1 DGGE 594:597 DGGE 594:597 DGGE 594:597 Compositional shifts in the genetic structure of indigenous soil bacterial and fungal communities were monitored using culture-dependent dilution plating, culture-independent PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative PCR. 26247592 3 60 theme gradient 564:571 arg1 electrophoresis 577:591 culture-independent PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis 529:591 culture-independent PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) 529:598 Compositional shifts in the genetic structure of indigenous soil bacterial and fungal communities were monitored using culture-dependent dilution plating, culture-independent PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative PCR. 26247592 2 61 from effects 303:309 arg1 communities 340:350 soil microbial communities 325:350 soil microbial communities 325:350 The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of salecan on soil microbial communities in a vegetable patch. 26247592 4 62 theme microorganism 642:654 arg1 counts 656:661 soil microorganism counts 637:661 soil microorganism counts 637:661 After 60 days, soil microorganism counts showed no significant variation in bacterial density and a marked decrease in the numbers of fungi. 24528751 4 0 theme impressive 987:996 arg1 increment 998:1006 an impressive increment 984:1006 an impressive increment of early apoptotic cells and late apoptotic and necrotic cells 984:1069 Apoptosis and cellcycle analysis of HeLa cells showed that BBPW-2 induced cellcycle disruption in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases accompanied by an impressive increment of early apoptotic cells and late apoptotic and necrotic cells. 24528751 2 1 theme -mannosyl 396:404 arg1 units 406:410 β-D-(1 → 2,6)-glucopyranose and β-D-(1 → 2,6)-mannosyl units 351:410 β-D-(1 → 2,6)-glucopyranose and β-D-(1 → 2,6)-mannosyl units serving as the backbone, α-D-(1 → 2)-galactopyranose and α-D-(1 → 3)-mannosyl units as branches, and α-D-Manp and β-D-Glcp as terminals 351:546 Our results showed that BBPW-2 consisted of β-D-(1 → 2,6)-glucopyranose and β-D-(1 → 2,6)-mannosyl units serving as the backbone, α-D-(1 → 2)-galactopyranose and α-D-(1 → 3)-mannosyl units as branches, and α-D-Manp and β-D-Glcp as terminals. 24528751 0 2 from elucidation 11:21 arg1 batryticatus 94:105 Bombyx batryticatus 87:105 Bombyx batryticatus 87:105 Structural elucidation and in vitro antitumor activity of a novel oligosaccharide from Bombyx batryticatus. 24528751 4 3 theme cells 1065:1069 arg1 increment 998:1006 an impressive increment 984:1006 an impressive increment of early apoptotic cells and late apoptotic and necrotic cells 984:1069 Apoptosis and cellcycle analysis of HeLa cells showed that BBPW-2 induced cellcycle disruption in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases accompanied by an impressive increment of early apoptotic cells and late apoptotic and necrotic cells. 24528751 1 4 theme Bombyx 165:170 arg1 batryticatus 172:183 Bombyx batryticatus 165:183 Bombyx batryticatus 165:183 An oligosaccharide BBPW-2 was isolated and purified from Bombyx batryticatus, its molecular weight was 2.0 × 10(3)Da, and its structure was elucidated by compositional, methylation and NMR analysis. 24528751 3 5 theme cancer 710:715 arg1 lines 722:726 the cancer cell lines HeLa and HepG2 706:741 the cancer cell lines HeLa and HepG2 706:741 The in vitro inhibitory activity of BBPW-2 was measured using MTT and and crystal violet assays, which suggested that BBPW-2 had direct cytotoxic effects on the cancer cell lines HeLa and HepG2 (particularly HeLa cells), and had a long-term antiproliferative effect on MCF-7 cells, respectively. 24528751 3 5 theme cancer 710:715 arg1 HepG2 737:741 HepG2 737:741 HepG2 737:741 The in vitro inhibitory activity of BBPW-2 was measured using MTT and and crystal violet assays, which suggested that BBPW-2 had direct cytotoxic effects on the cancer cell lines HeLa and HepG2 (particularly HeLa cells), and had a long-term antiproliferative effect on MCF-7 cells, respectively. 24528751 3 5 theme cancer 710:715 arg1 HeLa 728:731 HeLa 728:731 HeLa 728:731 The in vitro inhibitory activity of BBPW-2 was measured using MTT and and crystal violet assays, which suggested that BBPW-2 had direct cytotoxic effects on the cancer cell lines HeLa and HepG2 (particularly HeLa cells), and had a long-term antiproliferative effect on MCF-7 cells, respectively. 24528751 3 6 theme direct 678:683 arg1 effects 695:701 direct cytotoxic effects 678:701 direct cytotoxic effects on the cancer cell lines HeLa and HepG2 (particularly HeLa cells) 678:767 The in vitro inhibitory activity of BBPW-2 was measured using MTT and and crystal violet assays, which suggested that BBPW-2 had direct cytotoxic effects on the cancer cell lines HeLa and HepG2 (particularly HeLa cells), and had a long-term antiproliferative effect on MCF-7 cells, respectively. 24528751 2 7 theme α-D- 437:440 arg1 -galactopyranose 448:463 α-D-(1 → 2)-galactopyranose 437:463 α-D-(1 → 2)-galactopyranose 437:463 Our results showed that BBPW-2 consisted of β-D-(1 → 2,6)-glucopyranose and β-D-(1 → 2,6)-mannosyl units serving as the backbone, α-D-(1 → 2)-galactopyranose and α-D-(1 → 3)-mannosyl units as branches, and α-D-Manp and β-D-Glcp as terminals. 24528751 3 8 dep effects 695:701 arg1 cells 762:766 HeLa cells 757:766 particularly HeLa cells 744:766 The in vitro inhibitory activity of BBPW-2 was measured using MTT and and crystal violet assays, which suggested that BBPW-2 had direct cytotoxic effects on the cancer cell lines HeLa and HepG2 (particularly HeLa cells), and had a long-term antiproliferative effect on MCF-7 cells, respectively. 24528751 3 9 theme cell 717:720 arg1 lines 722:726 the cancer cell lines HeLa and HepG2 706:741 the cancer cell lines HeLa and HepG2 706:741 The in vitro inhibitory activity of BBPW-2 was measured using MTT and and crystal violet assays, which suggested that BBPW-2 had direct cytotoxic effects on the cancer cell lines HeLa and HepG2 (particularly HeLa cells), and had a long-term antiproliferative effect on MCF-7 cells, respectively. 24528751 3 9 theme cell 717:720 arg1 HepG2 737:741 HepG2 737:741 HepG2 737:741 The in vitro inhibitory activity of BBPW-2 was measured using MTT and and crystal violet assays, which suggested that BBPW-2 had direct cytotoxic effects on the cancer cell lines HeLa and HepG2 (particularly HeLa cells), and had a long-term antiproliferative effect on MCF-7 cells, respectively. 24528751 3 9 theme cell 717:720 arg1 HeLa 728:731 HeLa 728:731 HeLa 728:731 The in vitro inhibitory activity of BBPW-2 was measured using MTT and and crystal violet assays, which suggested that BBPW-2 had direct cytotoxic effects on the cancer cell lines HeLa and HepG2 (particularly HeLa cells), and had a long-term antiproliferative effect on MCF-7 cells, respectively. 24528751 0 10 theme Bombyx 87:92 arg1 batryticatus 94:105 Bombyx batryticatus 87:105 Bombyx batryticatus 87:105 Structural elucidation and in vitro antitumor activity of a novel oligosaccharide from Bombyx batryticatus. 24528751 4 11 theme Apoptosis 845:853 arg1 analysis 869:876 Apoptosis and cellcycle analysis 845:876 Apoptosis and cellcycle analysis of HeLa cells 845:890 Apoptosis and cellcycle analysis of HeLa cells showed that BBPW-2 induced cellcycle disruption in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases accompanied by an impressive increment of early apoptotic cells and late apoptotic and necrotic cells. 24528751 4 12 theme G0/G1 947:951 arg1 phases 962:967 the G0/G1 and G2/M phases 943:967 phases 962:967 Apoptosis and cellcycle analysis of HeLa cells showed that BBPW-2 induced cellcycle disruption in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases accompanied by an impressive increment of early apoptotic cells and late apoptotic and necrotic cells. 24528751 4 13 theme G2/M 957:960 arg1 phases 962:967 the G0/G1 and G2/M phases 943:967 phases 962:967 Apoptosis and cellcycle analysis of HeLa cells showed that BBPW-2 induced cellcycle disruption in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases accompanied by an impressive increment of early apoptotic cells and late apoptotic and necrotic cells. 24528751 5 14 theme further 1183:1189 arg1 study 1191:1195 further study 1183:1195 further study 1183:1195 These results suggest that BBPW-2 could be a potential chemotherapeutic drug and its antitumor effects deserve further study. 24528751 3 15 theme crystal 623:629 arg1 violet 631:636 crystal violet 623:636 crystal violet 623:636 The in vitro inhibitory activity of BBPW-2 was measured using MTT and and crystal violet assays, which suggested that BBPW-2 had direct cytotoxic effects on the cancer cell lines HeLa and HepG2 (particularly HeLa cells), and had a long-term antiproliferative effect on MCF-7 cells, respectively. 24528751 0 16 from activity 46:53 arg1 batryticatus 94:105 Bombyx batryticatus 87:105 Bombyx batryticatus 87:105 Structural elucidation and in vitro antitumor activity of a novel oligosaccharide from Bombyx batryticatus. 24528751 4 17 theme cellcycle 919:927 arg1 disruption 929:938 cellcycle disruption 919:938 cellcycle disruption 919:938 Apoptosis and cellcycle analysis of HeLa cells showed that BBPW-2 induced cellcycle disruption in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases accompanied by an impressive increment of early apoptotic cells and late apoptotic and necrotic cells. 24528751 3 18 theme inhibitory 562:571 arg1 activity 573:580 The in vitro inhibitory activity 549:580 The in vitro inhibitory activity of BBPW-2 549:590 The in vitro inhibitory activity of BBPW-2 was measured using MTT and and crystal violet assays, which suggested that BBPW-2 had direct cytotoxic effects on the cancer cell lines HeLa and HepG2 (particularly HeLa cells), and had a long-term antiproliferative effect on MCF-7 cells, respectively. 24528751 4 19 theme late 1037:1040 arg1 cells 1065:1069 late apoptotic and necrotic cells 1037:1069 late apoptotic and necrotic cells 1037:1069 Apoptosis and cellcycle analysis of HeLa cells showed that BBPW-2 induced cellcycle disruption in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases accompanied by an impressive increment of early apoptotic cells and late apoptotic and necrotic cells. 24528751 0 20 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 elucidation 11:21 Structural elucidation 0:21 Structural elucidation 0:21 Structural elucidation and in vitro antitumor activity of a novel oligosaccharide from Bombyx batryticatus. 24528751 2 21 theme β-D- 351:354 arg1 units 406:410 β-D-(1 → 2,6)-glucopyranose and β-D-(1 → 2,6)-mannosyl units 351:410 β-D-(1 → 2,6)-glucopyranose and β-D-(1 → 2,6)-mannosyl units serving as the backbone, α-D-(1 → 2)-galactopyranose and α-D-(1 → 3)-mannosyl units as branches, and α-D-Manp and β-D-Glcp as terminals 351:546 Our results showed that BBPW-2 consisted of β-D-(1 → 2,6)-glucopyranose and β-D-(1 → 2,6)-mannosyl units serving as the backbone, α-D-(1 → 2)-galactopyranose and α-D-(1 → 3)-mannosyl units as branches, and α-D-Manp and β-D-Glcp as terminals. 24528751 0 22 theme oligosaccharide 66:80 arg1 activity 46:53 in vitro antitumor activity 27:53 in vitro antitumor activity 27:53 Structural elucidation and in vitro antitumor activity of a novel oligosaccharide from Bombyx batryticatus. 24528751 0 22 theme oligosaccharide 66:80 arg1 elucidation 11:21 Structural elucidation 0:21 Structural elucidation 0:21 Structural elucidation and in vitro antitumor activity of a novel oligosaccharide from Bombyx batryticatus. 24528751 2 23 theme -mannosyl 480:488 arg1 units 490:494 -mannosyl units 480:494 -mannosyl units 480:494 Our results showed that BBPW-2 consisted of β-D-(1 → 2,6)-glucopyranose and β-D-(1 → 2,6)-mannosyl units serving as the backbone, α-D-(1 → 2)-galactopyranose and α-D-(1 → 3)-mannosyl units as branches, and α-D-Manp and β-D-Glcp as terminals. 24528751 3 24 theme BBPW-2 585:590 arg1 activity 573:580 The in vitro inhibitory activity 549:580 The in vitro inhibitory activity of BBPW-2 549:590 The in vitro inhibitory activity of BBPW-2 was measured using MTT and and crystal violet assays, which suggested that BBPW-2 had direct cytotoxic effects on the cancer cell lines HeLa and HepG2 (particularly HeLa cells), and had a long-term antiproliferative effect on MCF-7 cells, respectively. 24528751 2 25 theme β-D- 383:386 arg1 units 406:410 β-D-(1 → 2,6)-glucopyranose and β-D-(1 → 2,6)-mannosyl units 351:410 β-D-(1 → 2,6)-glucopyranose and β-D-(1 → 2,6)-mannosyl units serving as the backbone, α-D-(1 → 2)-galactopyranose and α-D-(1 → 3)-mannosyl units as branches, and α-D-Manp and β-D-Glcp as terminals 351:546 Our results showed that BBPW-2 consisted of β-D-(1 → 2,6)-glucopyranose and β-D-(1 → 2,6)-mannosyl units serving as the backbone, α-D-(1 → 2)-galactopyranose and α-D-(1 → 3)-mannosyl units as branches, and α-D-Manp and β-D-Glcp as terminals. 24528751 3 26 dep lines 722:726 arg1 lines 722:726 the cancer cell lines HeLa and HepG2 706:741 the cancer cell lines HeLa and HepG2 706:741 The in vitro inhibitory activity of BBPW-2 was measured using MTT and and crystal violet assays, which suggested that BBPW-2 had direct cytotoxic effects on the cancer cell lines HeLa and HepG2 (particularly HeLa cells), and had a long-term antiproliferative effect on MCF-7 cells, respectively. 24528751 3 26 dep lines 722:726 arg1 HepG2 737:741 HepG2 737:741 HepG2 737:741 The in vitro inhibitory activity of BBPW-2 was measured using MTT and and crystal violet assays, which suggested that BBPW-2 had direct cytotoxic effects on the cancer cell lines HeLa and HepG2 (particularly HeLa cells), and had a long-term antiproliferative effect on MCF-7 cells, respectively. 24528751 3 26 dep lines 722:726 arg1 HeLa 728:731 HeLa 728:731 HeLa 728:731 The in vitro inhibitory activity of BBPW-2 was measured using MTT and and crystal violet assays, which suggested that BBPW-2 had direct cytotoxic effects on the cancer cell lines HeLa and HepG2 (particularly HeLa cells), and had a long-term antiproliferative effect on MCF-7 cells, respectively. 24528751 3 27 from effects 695:701 arg1 lines 722:726 the cancer cell lines HeLa and HepG2 706:741 the cancer cell lines HeLa and HepG2 706:741 The in vitro inhibitory activity of BBPW-2 was measured using MTT and and crystal violet assays, which suggested that BBPW-2 had direct cytotoxic effects on the cancer cell lines HeLa and HepG2 (particularly HeLa cells), and had a long-term antiproliferative effect on MCF-7 cells, respectively. 24528751 3 27 from effects 695:701 arg1 HepG2 737:741 HepG2 737:741 HepG2 737:741 The in vitro inhibitory activity of BBPW-2 was measured using MTT and and crystal violet assays, which suggested that BBPW-2 had direct cytotoxic effects on the cancer cell lines HeLa and HepG2 (particularly HeLa cells), and had a long-term antiproliferative effect on MCF-7 cells, respectively. 24528751 3 27 from effects 695:701 arg1 HeLa 728:731 HeLa 728:731 HeLa 728:731 The in vitro inhibitory activity of BBPW-2 was measured using MTT and and crystal violet assays, which suggested that BBPW-2 had direct cytotoxic effects on the cancer cell lines HeLa and HepG2 (particularly HeLa cells), and had a long-term antiproliferative effect on MCF-7 cells, respectively. 24528751 5 28 theme chemotherapeutic 1127:1142 arg1 BBPW-2 1099:1104 BBPW-2 1099:1104 BBPW-2 1099:1104 These results suggest that BBPW-2 could be a potential chemotherapeutic drug and its antitumor effects deserve further study. 24528751 5 28 theme chemotherapeutic 1127:1142 arg1 drug 1144:1147 a potential chemotherapeutic drug 1115:1147 a potential chemotherapeutic drug 1115:1147 These results suggest that BBPW-2 could be a potential chemotherapeutic drug and its antitumor effects deserve further study. 24528751 1 29 theme molecular 190:198 arg1 weight 200:205 its molecular weight 186:205 its molecular weight 186:205 An oligosaccharide BBPW-2 was isolated and purified from Bombyx batryticatus, its molecular weight was 2.0 × 10(3)Da, and its structure was elucidated by compositional, methylation and NMR analysis. 24528751 0 30 theme in 27:28 arg1 activity 46:53 in vitro antitumor activity 27:53 in vitro antitumor activity 27:53 Structural elucidation and in vitro antitumor activity of a novel oligosaccharide from Bombyx batryticatus. 24528751 2 31 dep backbone 427:434 arg1 units 490:494 -mannosyl units 480:494 -mannosyl units 480:494 Our results showed that BBPW-2 consisted of β-D-(1 → 2,6)-glucopyranose and β-D-(1 → 2,6)-mannosyl units serving as the backbone, α-D-(1 → 2)-galactopyranose and α-D-(1 → 3)-mannosyl units as branches, and α-D-Manp and β-D-Glcp as terminals. 24528751 4 32 theme apoptotic 1042:1050 arg1 cells 1065:1069 late apoptotic and necrotic cells 1037:1069 late apoptotic and necrotic cells 1037:1069 Apoptosis and cellcycle analysis of HeLa cells showed that BBPW-2 induced cellcycle disruption in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases accompanied by an impressive increment of early apoptotic cells and late apoptotic and necrotic cells. 24528751 2 33 theme -glucopyranose 364:377 arg1 units 406:410 β-D-(1 → 2,6)-glucopyranose and β-D-(1 → 2,6)-mannosyl units 351:410 β-D-(1 → 2,6)-glucopyranose and β-D-(1 → 2,6)-mannosyl units serving as the backbone, α-D-(1 → 2)-galactopyranose and α-D-(1 → 3)-mannosyl units as branches, and α-D-Manp and β-D-Glcp as terminals 351:546 Our results showed that BBPW-2 consisted of β-D-(1 → 2,6)-glucopyranose and β-D-(1 → 2,6)-mannosyl units serving as the backbone, α-D-(1 → 2)-galactopyranose and α-D-(1 → 3)-mannosyl units as branches, and α-D-Manp and β-D-Glcp as terminals. 24528751 3 34 dep in 553:554 arg1 vitro 556:560 vitro 556:560 vitro 556:560 The in vitro inhibitory activity of BBPW-2 was measured using MTT and and crystal violet assays, which suggested that BBPW-2 had direct cytotoxic effects on the cancer cell lines HeLa and HepG2 (particularly HeLa cells), and had a long-term antiproliferative effect on MCF-7 cells, respectively. 24528751 3 35 theme HeLa 757:760 arg1 cells 762:766 HeLa cells 757:766 particularly HeLa cells 744:766 The in vitro inhibitory activity of BBPW-2 was measured using MTT and and crystal violet assays, which suggested that BBPW-2 had direct cytotoxic effects on the cancer cell lines HeLa and HepG2 (particularly HeLa cells), and had a long-term antiproliferative effect on MCF-7 cells, respectively. 24528751 0 36 theme antitumor 36:44 arg1 activity 46:53 in vitro antitumor activity 27:53 in vitro antitumor activity 27:53 Structural elucidation and in vitro antitumor activity of a novel oligosaccharide from Bombyx batryticatus. 24528751 2 37 dep α-D- 437:440 arg1 → 444:444 1 → 2 442:446 1 → 2 442:446 Our results showed that BBPW-2 consisted of β-D-(1 → 2,6)-glucopyranose and β-D-(1 → 2,6)-mannosyl units serving as the backbone, α-D-(1 → 2)-galactopyranose and α-D-(1 → 3)-mannosyl units as branches, and α-D-Manp and β-D-Glcp as terminals. 24528751 1 38 theme compositional 262:274 arg1 analysis 297:304 compositional, methylation and NMR analysis 262:304 analysis 297:304 An oligosaccharide BBPW-2 was isolated and purified from Bombyx batryticatus, its molecular weight was 2.0 × 10(3)Da, and its structure was elucidated by compositional, methylation and NMR analysis. 24528751 1 39 dep 10 217:218 arg1 3 220:220 3 220:220 3 220:220 An oligosaccharide BBPW-2 was isolated and purified from Bombyx batryticatus, its molecular weight was 2.0 × 10(3)Da, and its structure was elucidated by compositional, methylation and NMR analysis. 24528751 4 40 theme early 1011:1015 arg1 cells 1027:1031 early apoptotic cells 1011:1031 early apoptotic cells 1011:1031 Apoptosis and cellcycle analysis of HeLa cells showed that BBPW-2 induced cellcycle disruption in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases accompanied by an impressive increment of early apoptotic cells and late apoptotic and necrotic cells. 24528751 3 41 contain had 774:776 arg1 BBPW-2 667:672 BBPW-2 667:672 BBPW-2 667:672 The in vitro inhibitory activity of BBPW-2 was measured using MTT and and crystal violet assays, which suggested that BBPW-2 had direct cytotoxic effects on the cancer cell lines HeLa and HepG2 (particularly HeLa cells), and had a long-term antiproliferative effect on MCF-7 cells, respectively. 24528751 3 41 contain had 774:776 arg2 effect 808:813 a long-term antiproliferative effect 778:813 a long-term antiproliferative effect 778:813 The in vitro inhibitory activity of BBPW-2 was measured using MTT and and crystal violet assays, which suggested that BBPW-2 had direct cytotoxic effects on the cancer cell lines HeLa and HepG2 (particularly HeLa cells), and had a long-term antiproliferative effect on MCF-7 cells, respectively. 24528751 3 42 theme long-term 780:788 arg1 effect 808:813 a long-term antiproliferative effect 778:813 a long-term antiproliferative effect 778:813 The in vitro inhibitory activity of BBPW-2 was measured using MTT and and crystal violet assays, which suggested that BBPW-2 had direct cytotoxic effects on the cancer cell lines HeLa and HepG2 (particularly HeLa cells), and had a long-term antiproliferative effect on MCF-7 cells, respectively. 24528751 1 43 theme oligosaccharide 111:125 arg1 BBPW-2 127:132 An oligosaccharide BBPW-2 108:132 An oligosaccharide BBPW-2 108:132 An oligosaccharide BBPW-2 was isolated and purified from Bombyx batryticatus, its molecular weight was 2.0 × 10(3)Da, and its structure was elucidated by compositional, methylation and NMR analysis. 24528751 1 44 theme methylation 277:287 arg1 analysis 297:304 compositional, methylation and NMR analysis 262:304 analysis 297:304 An oligosaccharide BBPW-2 was isolated and purified from Bombyx batryticatus, its molecular weight was 2.0 × 10(3)Da, and its structure was elucidated by compositional, methylation and NMR analysis. 24528751 3 45 theme in 553:554 arg1 activity 573:580 The in vitro inhibitory activity 549:580 The in vitro inhibitory activity of BBPW-2 549:590 The in vitro inhibitory activity of BBPW-2 was measured using MTT and and crystal violet assays, which suggested that BBPW-2 had direct cytotoxic effects on the cancer cell lines HeLa and HepG2 (particularly HeLa cells), and had a long-term antiproliferative effect on MCF-7 cells, respectively. 24528751 5 46 theme antitumor 1157:1165 arg1 effects 1167:1173 its antitumor effects 1153:1173 its antitumor effects 1153:1173 These results suggest that BBPW-2 could be a potential chemotherapeutic drug and its antitumor effects deserve further study. 24528751 3 47 contain had 674:676 arg1 BBPW-2 667:672 BBPW-2 667:672 BBPW-2 667:672 The in vitro inhibitory activity of BBPW-2 was measured using MTT and and crystal violet assays, which suggested that BBPW-2 had direct cytotoxic effects on the cancer cell lines HeLa and HepG2 (particularly HeLa cells), and had a long-term antiproliferative effect on MCF-7 cells, respectively. 24528751 3 47 contain had 674:676 arg2 effects 695:701 direct cytotoxic effects 678:701 direct cytotoxic effects on the cancer cell lines HeLa and HepG2 (particularly HeLa cells) 678:767 The in vitro inhibitory activity of BBPW-2 was measured using MTT and and crystal violet assays, which suggested that BBPW-2 had direct cytotoxic effects on the cancer cell lines HeLa and HepG2 (particularly HeLa cells), and had a long-term antiproliferative effect on MCF-7 cells, respectively. 24528751 4 48 theme cells 1027:1031 arg1 increment 998:1006 an impressive increment 984:1006 an impressive increment of early apoptotic cells and late apoptotic and necrotic cells 984:1069 Apoptosis and cellcycle analysis of HeLa cells showed that BBPW-2 induced cellcycle disruption in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases accompanied by an impressive increment of early apoptotic cells and late apoptotic and necrotic cells. 24528751 4 49 theme cellcycle 859:867 arg1 analysis 869:876 Apoptosis and cellcycle analysis 845:876 Apoptosis and cellcycle analysis of HeLa cells 845:890 Apoptosis and cellcycle analysis of HeLa cells showed that BBPW-2 induced cellcycle disruption in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases accompanied by an impressive increment of early apoptotic cells and late apoptotic and necrotic cells. 24528751 0 50 dep in 27:28 arg1 vitro 30:34 vitro 30:34 vitro 30:34 Structural elucidation and in vitro antitumor activity of a novel oligosaccharide from Bombyx batryticatus. 24528751 4 51 theme apoptotic 1017:1025 arg1 cells 1027:1031 early apoptotic cells 1011:1031 early apoptotic cells 1011:1031 Apoptosis and cellcycle analysis of HeLa cells showed that BBPW-2 induced cellcycle disruption in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases accompanied by an impressive increment of early apoptotic cells and late apoptotic and necrotic cells. 24528751 0 52 from batryticatus 94:105 arg1 oligosaccharide 66:80 a novel oligosaccharide 58:80 a novel oligosaccharide from Bombyx batryticatus 58:105 Structural elucidation and in vitro antitumor activity of a novel oligosaccharide from Bombyx batryticatus. 24528751 0 52 from batryticatus 94:105 arg1 activity 46:53 in vitro antitumor activity 27:53 in vitro antitumor activity 27:53 Structural elucidation and in vitro antitumor activity of a novel oligosaccharide from Bombyx batryticatus. 24528751 0 52 from batryticatus 94:105 arg1 elucidation 11:21 Structural elucidation 0:21 Structural elucidation 0:21 Structural elucidation and in vitro antitumor activity of a novel oligosaccharide from Bombyx batryticatus. 24528751 3 53 theme cytotoxic 685:693 arg1 effects 695:701 direct cytotoxic effects 678:701 direct cytotoxic effects on the cancer cell lines HeLa and HepG2 (particularly HeLa cells) 678:767 The in vitro inhibitory activity of BBPW-2 was measured using MTT and and crystal violet assays, which suggested that BBPW-2 had direct cytotoxic effects on the cancer cell lines HeLa and HepG2 (particularly HeLa cells), and had a long-term antiproliferative effect on MCF-7 cells, respectively. 24528751 0 54 theme novel 60:64 arg1 oligosaccharide 66:80 a novel oligosaccharide 58:80 a novel oligosaccharide from Bombyx batryticatus 58:105 Structural elucidation and in vitro antitumor activity of a novel oligosaccharide from Bombyx batryticatus. 24528751 4 55 theme cells 886:890 arg1 analysis 869:876 Apoptosis and cellcycle analysis 845:876 Apoptosis and cellcycle analysis of HeLa cells 845:890 Apoptosis and cellcycle analysis of HeLa cells showed that BBPW-2 induced cellcycle disruption in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases accompanied by an impressive increment of early apoptotic cells and late apoptotic and necrotic cells. 24528751 3 56 theme MCF-7 818:822 arg1 cells 824:828 MCF-7 cells 818:828 MCF-7 cells 818:828 The in vitro inhibitory activity of BBPW-2 was measured using MTT and and crystal violet assays, which suggested that BBPW-2 had direct cytotoxic effects on the cancer cell lines HeLa and HepG2 (particularly HeLa cells), and had a long-term antiproliferative effect on MCF-7 cells, respectively. 24528751 5 57 theme potential 1117:1125 arg1 BBPW-2 1099:1104 BBPW-2 1099:1104 BBPW-2 1099:1104 These results suggest that BBPW-2 could be a potential chemotherapeutic drug and its antitumor effects deserve further study. 24528751 5 57 theme potential 1117:1125 arg1 drug 1144:1147 a potential chemotherapeutic drug 1115:1147 a potential chemotherapeutic drug 1115:1147 These results suggest that BBPW-2 could be a potential chemotherapeutic drug and its antitumor effects deserve further study. 24528751 4 58 theme necrotic 1056:1063 arg1 cells 1065:1069 late apoptotic and necrotic cells 1037:1069 late apoptotic and necrotic cells 1037:1069 Apoptosis and cellcycle analysis of HeLa cells showed that BBPW-2 induced cellcycle disruption in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases accompanied by an impressive increment of early apoptotic cells and late apoptotic and necrotic cells. 24528751 1 59 theme NMR 293:295 arg1 analysis 297:304 compositional, methylation and NMR analysis 262:304 analysis 297:304 An oligosaccharide BBPW-2 was isolated and purified from Bombyx batryticatus, its molecular weight was 2.0 × 10(3)Da, and its structure was elucidated by compositional, methylation and NMR analysis. 24528751 2 60 dep β-D- 351:354 arg1 → 390:390 1 → 2,6 388:394 1 → 2,6 388:394 Our results showed that BBPW-2 consisted of β-D-(1 → 2,6)-glucopyranose and β-D-(1 → 2,6)-mannosyl units serving as the backbone, α-D-(1 → 2)-galactopyranose and α-D-(1 → 3)-mannosyl units as branches, and α-D-Manp and β-D-Glcp as terminals. 24528751 2 60 dep β-D- 351:354 arg1 → 358:358 1 → 2,6 356:362 1 → 2,6 356:362 Our results showed that BBPW-2 consisted of β-D-(1 → 2,6)-glucopyranose and β-D-(1 → 2,6)-mannosyl units serving as the backbone, α-D-(1 → 2)-galactopyranose and α-D-(1 → 3)-mannosyl units as branches, and α-D-Manp and β-D-Glcp as terminals. 24528751 3 61 theme antiproliferative 790:806 arg1 effect 808:813 a long-term antiproliferative effect 778:813 a long-term antiproliferative effect 778:813 The in vitro inhibitory activity of BBPW-2 was measured using MTT and and crystal violet assays, which suggested that BBPW-2 had direct cytotoxic effects on the cancer cell lines HeLa and HepG2 (particularly HeLa cells), and had a long-term antiproliferative effect on MCF-7 cells, respectively. 24528751 4 62 theme HeLa 881:884 arg1 cells 886:890 HeLa cells 881:890 HeLa cells 881:890 Apoptosis and cellcycle analysis of HeLa cells showed that BBPW-2 induced cellcycle disruption in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases accompanied by an impressive increment of early apoptotic cells and late apoptotic and necrotic cells. 24528751 3 63 theme violet 631:636 arg1 assays 638:643 and crystal violet assays 619:643 assays 638:643 The in vitro inhibitory activity of BBPW-2 was measured using MTT and and crystal violet assays, which suggested that BBPW-2 had direct cytotoxic effects on the cancer cell lines HeLa and HepG2 (particularly HeLa cells), and had a long-term antiproliferative effect on MCF-7 cells, respectively. 25831044 7 0 dep maltodextrin 583:594 arg1 meal 624:627 soybean meal 616:627 soybean meal 616:627 It was found that A40926 production was markedly promoted by using poorly assimilated carbon source maltodextrin and nitrogen source soybean meal. 25831044 7 1 theme source 576:581 arg1 maltodextrin 583:594 poorly assimilated carbon source maltodextrin 550:594 poorly assimilated carbon source maltodextrin 550:594 It was found that A40926 production was markedly promoted by using poorly assimilated carbon source maltodextrin and nitrogen source soybean meal. 25831044 0 2 theme Nonomuraea 82:91 arg1 sp 93:94 a mutant strain Nonomuraea sp 66:94 a mutant strain Nonomuraea sp 66:94 High-yield production of lipoglycopeptide antibiotic A40926 using a mutant strain Nonomuraea sp. 25831044 9 3 theme complex 811:817 arg1 composition 819:829 the complex composition 807:829 the complex composition toward factor B0 807:846 L-Leucine addition greatly improved total A40926 production and modified the complex composition toward factor B0. 25831044 5 4 theme mutant 430:435 arg1 sp 455:456 a mutant strain Nonomuraea sp 428:456 a mutant strain Nonomuraea sp 428:456 In this work, A40926 production by a mutant strain Nonomuraea sp. 25831044 3 5 theme related 219:225 arg1 components 227:236 structurally related components 206:236 structurally related components differing in the fatty acid moiety 206:271 is a complex of structurally related components differing in the fatty acid moiety. 25831044 7 6 theme soybean 616:622 arg1 meal 624:627 soybean meal 616:627 soybean meal 616:627 It was found that A40926 production was markedly promoted by using poorly assimilated carbon source maltodextrin and nitrogen source soybean meal. 25831044 5 7 theme strain 437:442 arg1 sp 455:456 a mutant strain Nonomuraea sp 428:456 a mutant strain Nonomuraea sp 428:456 In this work, A40926 production by a mutant strain Nonomuraea sp. 25831044 10 8 theme mg/L 939:942 arg1 production 920:929 a maximum A40926 production 903:929 a maximum A40926 production of 1096 mg/L 903:942 An optimized production medium IM-3 was developed and a maximum A40926 production of 1096 mg/L was obtained in the 10-L fermenter. 25831044 8 9 theme production 685:694 arg1 stimulation 663:673 a stimulation 661:673 a stimulation of A40926 production 661:694 Addition of Cu(2+) resulted in a stimulation of A40926 production, but Co(2+) had an inhibitory effect. 25831044 3 10 theme components 227:236 arg1 complex 195:201 a complex 193:201 a complex of structurally related components differing in the fatty acid moiety 193:271 is a complex of structurally related components differing in the fatty acid moiety. 25831044 10 11 theme maximum 905:911 arg1 production 920:929 a maximum A40926 production 903:929 a maximum A40926 production of 1096 mg/L 903:942 An optimized production medium IM-3 was developed and a maximum A40926 production of 1096 mg/L was obtained in the 10-L fermenter. 25831044 4 12 theme antibacterial 303:315 arg1 activity 317:324 an intrinsic antibacterial activity 290:324 an intrinsic antibacterial activity 290:324 Besides showing an intrinsic antibacterial activity, A40926 is the precursor of the semisynthetic antibiotic Dalvance. 25831044 11 13 theme highest 993:999 arg1 productivity 1008:1019 the highest A40926 productivity 989:1019 the highest A40926 productivity so far reported 989:1035 This was the highest A40926 productivity so far reported. 25831044 11 13 theme highest 993:999 arg1 This 980:983 This 980:983 This 980:983 This was the highest A40926 productivity so far reported. 25831044 8 14 theme A40926 678:683 arg1 production 685:694 A40926 production 678:694 A40926 production 678:694 Addition of Cu(2+) resulted in a stimulation of A40926 production, but Co(2+) had an inhibitory effect. 25831044 3 15 theme acid 261:264 arg1 moiety 266:271 the fatty acid moiety 251:271 the fatty acid moiety 251:271 is a complex of structurally related components differing in the fatty acid moiety. 25831044 7 16 theme nitrogen 600:607 arg1 source 609:614 nitrogen source 600:614 nitrogen source 600:614 It was found that A40926 production was markedly promoted by using poorly assimilated carbon source maltodextrin and nitrogen source soybean meal. 25831044 4 17 theme intrinsic 293:301 arg1 activity 317:324 an intrinsic antibacterial activity 290:324 an intrinsic antibacterial activity 290:324 Besides showing an intrinsic antibacterial activity, A40926 is the precursor of the semisynthetic antibiotic Dalvance. 25831044 7 18 theme A40926 501:506 arg1 production 508:517 A40926 production 501:517 A40926 production 501:517 It was found that A40926 production was markedly promoted by using poorly assimilated carbon source maltodextrin and nitrogen source soybean meal. 25831044 2 19 theme antibiotic 145:154 arg1 A40926 156:161 The lipoglycopeptide antibiotic A40926 124:161 The lipoglycopeptide antibiotic A40926 124:161 The lipoglycopeptide antibiotic A40926 produced by Nonomuraea sp. 25831044 9 20 theme factor 838:843 arg1 B0 845:846 factor B0 838:846 factor B0 838:846 L-Leucine addition greatly improved total A40926 production and modified the complex composition toward factor B0. 25831044 4 21 theme Dalvance 383:390 arg1 A40926 327:332 A40926 327:332 A40926 327:332 Besides showing an intrinsic antibacterial activity, A40926 is the precursor of the semisynthetic antibiotic Dalvance. 25831044 4 21 theme Dalvance 383:390 arg1 precursor 341:349 the precursor 337:349 the precursor of the semisynthetic antibiotic Dalvance 337:390 Besides showing an intrinsic antibacterial activity, A40926 is the precursor of the semisynthetic antibiotic Dalvance. 25831044 9 22 theme L-Leucine 734:742 arg1 addition 744:751 L-Leucine addition 734:751 L-Leucine addition 734:751 L-Leucine addition greatly improved total A40926 production and modified the complex composition toward factor B0. 25831044 0 23 theme High-yield 0:9 arg1 production 11:20 High-yield production 0:20 High-yield production of lipoglycopeptide antibiotic A40926 using a mutant strain Nonomuraea sp. 0:95 High-yield production of lipoglycopeptide antibiotic A40926 using a mutant strain Nonomuraea sp. 25831044 3 24 theme fatty 255:259 arg1 moiety 266:271 the fatty acid moiety 251:271 the fatty acid moiety 251:271 is a complex of structurally related components differing in the fatty acid moiety. 25831044 0 25 theme lipoglycopeptide 25:40 arg1 A40926 53:58 lipoglycopeptide antibiotic A40926 25:58 lipoglycopeptide antibiotic A40926 25:58 High-yield production of lipoglycopeptide antibiotic A40926 using a mutant strain Nonomuraea sp. 25831044 7 26 theme carbon 569:574 arg1 maltodextrin 583:594 poorly assimilated carbon source maltodextrin 550:594 poorly assimilated carbon source maltodextrin 550:594 It was found that A40926 production was markedly promoted by using poorly assimilated carbon source maltodextrin and nitrogen source soybean meal. 25831044 2 27 gly lipoglycopeptide 128:143 arg2 lipoglycopeptide 128:143 lipoglycopeptide 128:143 lipoglycopeptide 128:143 The lipoglycopeptide antibiotic A40926 produced by Nonomuraea sp. 25831044 8 28 contain had 708:710 arg2 effect 726:731 an inhibitory effect 712:731 an inhibitory effect 712:731 Addition of Cu(2+) resulted in a stimulation of A40926 production, but Co(2+) had an inhibitory effect. 25831044 8 28 contain had 708:710 arg1 2+ 704:705 2+ 704:705 2+ 704:705 Addition of Cu(2+) resulted in a stimulation of A40926 production, but Co(2+) had an inhibitory effect. 25831044 8 28 contain had 708:710 arg1 Co 701:702 Co 701:702 Co(2+) 701:706 Addition of Cu(2+) resulted in a stimulation of A40926 production, but Co(2+) had an inhibitory effect. 25831044 1 29 theme optimized 106:114 arg1 medium 116:121 optimized medium 106:121 optimized medium 106:121 DP-13 in optimized medium. 25831044 0 30 theme A40926 53:58 arg1 production 11:20 High-yield production 0:20 High-yield production of lipoglycopeptide antibiotic A40926 using a mutant strain Nonomuraea sp. 0:95 High-yield production of lipoglycopeptide antibiotic A40926 using a mutant strain Nonomuraea sp. 25831044 11 31 theme A40926 1001:1006 arg1 productivity 1008:1019 the highest A40926 productivity 989:1019 the highest A40926 productivity so far reported 989:1035 This was the highest A40926 productivity so far reported. 25831044 11 31 theme A40926 1001:1006 arg1 This 980:983 This 980:983 This 980:983 This was the highest A40926 productivity so far reported. 25831044 5 32 dep production 414:423 arg1 work 401:404 this work 396:404 this work 396:404 In this work, A40926 production by a mutant strain Nonomuraea sp. 25831044 0 33 theme antibiotic 42:51 arg1 A40926 53:58 lipoglycopeptide antibiotic A40926 25:58 lipoglycopeptide antibiotic A40926 25:58 High-yield production of lipoglycopeptide antibiotic A40926 using a mutant strain Nonomuraea sp. 25831044 8 34 theme Cu 642:643 arg1 Addition 630:637 Addition 630:637 Addition of Cu(2+) 630:647 Addition of Cu(2+) resulted in a stimulation of A40926 production, but Co(2+) had an inhibitory effect. 25831044 7 35 theme assimilated 557:567 arg1 maltodextrin 583:594 poorly assimilated carbon source maltodextrin 550:594 poorly assimilated carbon source maltodextrin 550:594 It was found that A40926 production was markedly promoted by using poorly assimilated carbon source maltodextrin and nitrogen source soybean meal. 25831044 2 36 theme Nonomuraea 175:184 arg1 sp 186:187 Nonomuraea sp 175:187 Nonomuraea sp 175:187 The lipoglycopeptide antibiotic A40926 produced by Nonomuraea sp. 25831044 10 37 theme production 862:871 arg1 IM-3 880:883 An optimized production medium IM-3 849:883 An optimized production medium IM-3 849:883 An optimized production medium IM-3 was developed and a maximum A40926 production of 1096 mg/L was obtained in the 10-L fermenter. 25831044 0 38 gly lipoglycopeptide 25:40 arg2 lipoglycopeptide 25:40 lipoglycopeptide antibiotic A40926 25:58 lipoglycopeptide antibiotic A40926 25:58 High-yield production of lipoglycopeptide antibiotic A40926 using a mutant strain Nonomuraea sp. 25831044 4 39 theme antibiotic 372:381 arg1 Dalvance 383:390 the semisynthetic antibiotic Dalvance 354:390 the semisynthetic antibiotic Dalvance 354:390 Besides showing an intrinsic antibacterial activity, A40926 is the precursor of the semisynthetic antibiotic Dalvance. 25831044 10 40 theme optimized 852:860 arg1 IM-3 880:883 An optimized production medium IM-3 849:883 An optimized production medium IM-3 849:883 An optimized production medium IM-3 was developed and a maximum A40926 production of 1096 mg/L was obtained in the 10-L fermenter. 25831044 5 41 theme Nonomuraea 444:453 arg1 sp 455:456 a mutant strain Nonomuraea sp 428:456 a mutant strain Nonomuraea sp 428:456 In this work, A40926 production by a mutant strain Nonomuraea sp. 25831044 8 42 theme inhibitory 715:724 arg1 effect 726:731 an inhibitory effect 712:731 an inhibitory effect 712:731 Addition of Cu(2+) resulted in a stimulation of A40926 production, but Co(2+) had an inhibitory effect. 25831044 10 43 theme medium 873:878 arg1 IM-3 880:883 An optimized production medium IM-3 849:883 An optimized production medium IM-3 849:883 An optimized production medium IM-3 was developed and a maximum A40926 production of 1096 mg/L was obtained in the 10-L fermenter. 25831044 4 44 theme semisynthetic 358:370 arg1 Dalvance 383:390 the semisynthetic antibiotic Dalvance 354:390 the semisynthetic antibiotic Dalvance 354:390 Besides showing an intrinsic antibacterial activity, A40926 is the precursor of the semisynthetic antibiotic Dalvance. 25831044 9 45 theme total 770:774 arg1 production 783:792 total A40926 production 770:792 total A40926 production 770:792 L-Leucine addition greatly improved total A40926 production and modified the complex composition toward factor B0. 25831044 0 46 theme strain 75:80 arg1 sp 93:94 a mutant strain Nonomuraea sp 66:94 a mutant strain Nonomuraea sp 66:94 High-yield production of lipoglycopeptide antibiotic A40926 using a mutant strain Nonomuraea sp. 25831044 9 47 theme A40926 776:781 arg1 production 783:792 total A40926 production 770:792 total A40926 production 770:792 L-Leucine addition greatly improved total A40926 production and modified the complex composition toward factor B0. 25831044 1 48 from DP-13 97:101 arg1 medium 116:121 optimized medium 106:121 optimized medium 106:121 DP-13 in optimized medium. 25831044 5 49 theme A40926 407:412 arg1 production 414:423 A40926 production 407:423 A40926 production by a mutant strain Nonomuraea sp 407:456 In this work, A40926 production by a mutant strain Nonomuraea sp. 25831044 0 50 theme mutant 68:73 arg1 sp 93:94 a mutant strain Nonomuraea sp 66:94 a mutant strain Nonomuraea sp 66:94 High-yield production of lipoglycopeptide antibiotic A40926 using a mutant strain Nonomuraea sp. 25831044 2 51 theme lipoglycopeptide 128:143 arg1 A40926 156:161 The lipoglycopeptide antibiotic A40926 124:161 The lipoglycopeptide antibiotic A40926 124:161 The lipoglycopeptide antibiotic A40926 produced by Nonomuraea sp. 25831044 10 52 theme 10-L 964:967 arg1 fermenter 969:977 the 10-L fermenter 960:977 the 10-L fermenter 960:977 An optimized production medium IM-3 was developed and a maximum A40926 production of 1096 mg/L was obtained in the 10-L fermenter. 25831044 10 53 theme A40926 913:918 arg1 production 920:929 a maximum A40926 production 903:929 a maximum A40926 production of 1096 mg/L 903:942 An optimized production medium IM-3 was developed and a maximum A40926 production of 1096 mg/L was obtained in the 10-L fermenter. 26256379 0 0 theme properties 74:83 arg1 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation of barley hulls and straw constituents 0:47 Isolation of barley hulls and straw constituents and study of emulsifying properties of their arabinoxylans. 26256379 0 0 theme properties 74:83 arg1 study 53:57 study 53:57 study of emulsifying properties of their arabinoxylans 53:106 Isolation of barley hulls and straw constituents and study of emulsifying properties of their arabinoxylans. 26256379 1 1 theme valuable 145:152 arg1 arabinoxylans 154:166 valuable arabinoxylans 145:166 valuable arabinoxylans 145:166 Both barley hulls and straw contain valuable arabinoxylans and other useful carbohydrate and non-carbohydrate components. 26256379 6 2 theme typical 620:626 arg1 arabinoxylans 628:640 typical arabinoxylans 620:640 typical arabinoxylans containing (in addition to arabinose and xylose) some galactose, glucose and acidic sugars in the side chains 620:750 B showed that they were typical arabinoxylans containing (in addition to arabinose and xylose) some galactose, glucose and acidic sugars in the side chains. 26256379 0 3 theme emulsifying 62:72 arg1 properties 74:83 emulsifying properties 62:83 emulsifying properties of their arabinoxylans 62:106 Isolation of barley hulls and straw constituents and study of emulsifying properties of their arabinoxylans. 26256379 6 4 dep arabinose 669:677 arg1 addition 657:664 addition 657:664 addition 657:664 B showed that they were typical arabinoxylans containing (in addition to arabinose and xylose) some galactose, glucose and acidic sugars in the side chains. 26256379 4 5 theme barley 533:538 arg1 % 561:561 7.41 to 12.94% 548:561 7.41 to 12.94% 548:561 B (20.51%) than barley straws (7.41 to 12.94%). 26256379 4 5 theme barley 533:538 arg1 straws 540:545 barley straws 533:545 barley straws (7.41 to 12.94%) 533:562 B (20.51%) than barley straws (7.41 to 12.94%). 26256379 2 6 theme ethanol 446:452 arg1 precipitation 454:466 ethanol precipitation 446:466 ethanol precipitation 446:466 The functional water soluble non-caloric arabinoxylan (hemicellulose B) fraction was isolated from hot water-extracted and de-starched barley hulls and straws by an alkaline hydrogen peroxide extraction followed by ethanol precipitation. 26256379 2 7 theme hydrogen 405:412 arg1 peroxide 414:421 alkaline hydrogen peroxide 396:421 an alkaline hydrogen peroxide extraction followed by ethanol precipitation 393:466 The functional water soluble non-caloric arabinoxylan (hemicellulose B) fraction was isolated from hot water-extracted and de-starched barley hulls and straws by an alkaline hydrogen peroxide extraction followed by ethanol precipitation. 26256379 0 8 theme arabinoxylans 94:106 arg1 properties 74:83 emulsifying properties 62:83 emulsifying properties of their arabinoxylans 62:106 Isolation of barley hulls and straw constituents and study of emulsifying properties of their arabinoxylans. 26256379 1 9 contain contain 137:143 arg1 hulls 121:125 barley hulls 114:125 barley hulls 114:125 Both barley hulls and straw contain valuable arabinoxylans and other useful carbohydrate and non-carbohydrate components. 26256379 1 9 contain contain 137:143 arg2 arabinoxylans 154:166 valuable arabinoxylans 145:166 valuable arabinoxylans 145:166 Both barley hulls and straw contain valuable arabinoxylans and other useful carbohydrate and non-carbohydrate components. 26256379 1 9 contain contain 137:143 arg2 carbohydrate 185:196 other useful carbohydrate and non-carbohydrate components 172:228 carbohydrate 185:196 Both barley hulls and straw contain valuable arabinoxylans and other useful carbohydrate and non-carbohydrate components. 26256379 1 9 contain contain 137:143 arg1 straw 131:135 straw 131:135 straw 131:135 Both barley hulls and straw contain valuable arabinoxylans and other useful carbohydrate and non-carbohydrate components. 26256379 5 10 theme sugar 569:573 arg1 composition 575:585 The sugar composition 565:585 The sugar composition of Hemi 565:593 The sugar composition of Hemi. 26256379 1 11 theme other 172:176 arg1 carbohydrate 185:196 other useful carbohydrate and non-carbohydrate components 172:228 carbohydrate 185:196 Both barley hulls and straw contain valuable arabinoxylans and other useful carbohydrate and non-carbohydrate components. 26256379 4 12 dep B 517:517 arg1 % 561:561 7.41 to 12.94% 548:561 7.41 to 12.94% 548:561 B (20.51%) than barley straws (7.41 to 12.94%). 26256379 4 12 dep B 517:517 arg1 straws 540:545 barley straws 533:545 barley straws (7.41 to 12.94%) 533:562 B (20.51%) than barley straws (7.41 to 12.94%). 26256379 2 13 theme water-extracted 334:348 arg1 hulls 373:377 hot water-extracted and de-starched barley hulls 330:377 hot water-extracted and de-starched barley hulls 330:377 The functional water soluble non-caloric arabinoxylan (hemicellulose B) fraction was isolated from hot water-extracted and de-starched barley hulls and straws by an alkaline hydrogen peroxide extraction followed by ethanol precipitation. 26256379 1 14 theme useful 178:183 arg1 carbohydrate 185:196 other useful carbohydrate and non-carbohydrate components 172:228 carbohydrate 185:196 Both barley hulls and straw contain valuable arabinoxylans and other useful carbohydrate and non-carbohydrate components. 26256379 7 15 theme barley 788:793 arg1 straws 795:800 barley straws 788:800 barley straws 788:800 The hemicellulose B fractions from barley straws were superior oil-in-water emulsifiers than those from barley hulls. 26256379 7 16 from straws 795:800 arg1 emulsifiers 829:839 superior oil-in-water emulsifiers 807:839 superior oil-in-water emulsifiers 807:839 The hemicellulose B fractions from barley straws were superior oil-in-water emulsifiers than those from barley hulls. 26256379 7 16 from straws 795:800 arg1 fractions 773:781 The hemicellulose B fractions 753:781 The hemicellulose B fractions from barley straws 753:800 The hemicellulose B fractions from barley straws were superior oil-in-water emulsifiers than those from barley hulls. 26256379 2 17 theme hot 330:332 arg1 hulls 373:377 hot water-extracted and de-starched barley hulls 330:377 hot water-extracted and de-starched barley hulls 330:377 The functional water soluble non-caloric arabinoxylan (hemicellulose B) fraction was isolated from hot water-extracted and de-starched barley hulls and straws by an alkaline hydrogen peroxide extraction followed by ethanol precipitation. 26256379 7 18 theme oil-in-water 816:827 arg1 emulsifiers 829:839 superior oil-in-water emulsifiers 807:839 superior oil-in-water emulsifiers 807:839 The hemicellulose B fractions from barley straws were superior oil-in-water emulsifiers than those from barley hulls. 26256379 7 18 theme oil-in-water 816:827 arg1 fractions 773:781 The hemicellulose B fractions 753:781 The hemicellulose B fractions from barley straws 753:800 The hemicellulose B fractions from barley straws were superior oil-in-water emulsifiers than those from barley hulls. 26256379 2 19 theme alkaline 396:403 arg1 peroxide 414:421 alkaline hydrogen peroxide 396:421 an alkaline hydrogen peroxide extraction followed by ethanol precipitation 393:466 The functional water soluble non-caloric arabinoxylan (hemicellulose B) fraction was isolated from hot water-extracted and de-starched barley hulls and straws by an alkaline hydrogen peroxide extraction followed by ethanol precipitation. 26256379 0 20 theme hulls 20:24 arg1 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation of barley hulls and straw constituents 0:47 Isolation of barley hulls and straw constituents and study of emulsifying properties of their arabinoxylans. 26256379 0 20 theme hulls 20:24 arg1 study 53:57 study 53:57 study of emulsifying properties of their arabinoxylans 53:106 Isolation of barley hulls and straw constituents and study of emulsifying properties of their arabinoxylans. 26256379 6 21 contain containing 642:651 arg2 glucose 707:713 glucose 707:713 glucose 707:713 B showed that they were typical arabinoxylans containing (in addition to arabinose and xylose) some galactose, glucose and acidic sugars in the side chains. 26256379 6 21 contain containing 642:651 arg2 galactose 696:704 galactose 696:704 galactose 696:704 B showed that they were typical arabinoxylans containing (in addition to arabinose and xylose) some galactose, glucose and acidic sugars in the side chains. 26256379 6 21 contain containing 642:651 arg1 arabinoxylans 628:640 typical arabinoxylans 620:640 typical arabinoxylans containing (in addition to arabinose and xylose) some galactose, glucose and acidic sugars in the side chains 620:750 B showed that they were typical arabinoxylans containing (in addition to arabinose and xylose) some galactose, glucose and acidic sugars in the side chains. 26256379 6 21 contain containing 642:651 arg2 sugars 726:731 acidic sugars 719:731 acidic sugars 719:731 B showed that they were typical arabinoxylans containing (in addition to arabinose and xylose) some galactose, glucose and acidic sugars in the side chains. 26256379 5 22 theme Hemi 590:593 arg1 composition 575:585 The sugar composition 565:585 The sugar composition of Hemi 565:593 The sugar composition of Hemi. 26256379 0 23 theme barley 13:18 arg1 hulls 20:24 barley hulls 13:24 barley hulls 13:24 Isolation of barley hulls and straw constituents and study of emulsifying properties of their arabinoxylans. 26256379 2 24 attach isolated 316:323 arg1 straws 383:388 straws 383:388 straws 383:388 The functional water soluble non-caloric arabinoxylan (hemicellulose B) fraction was isolated from hot water-extracted and de-starched barley hulls and straws by an alkaline hydrogen peroxide extraction followed by ethanol precipitation. 26256379 2 24 attach isolated 316:323 arg1 hulls 373:377 hot water-extracted and de-starched barley hulls 330:377 hot water-extracted and de-starched barley hulls 330:377 The functional water soluble non-caloric arabinoxylan (hemicellulose B) fraction was isolated from hot water-extracted and de-starched barley hulls and straws by an alkaline hydrogen peroxide extraction followed by ethanol precipitation. 26256379 2 24 attach isolated 316:323 arg2 fraction 303:310 The functional water soluble non-caloric arabinoxylan (hemicellulose B) fraction 231:310 The functional water soluble non-caloric arabinoxylan (hemicellulose B) fraction 231:310 The functional water soluble non-caloric arabinoxylan (hemicellulose B) fraction was isolated from hot water-extracted and de-starched barley hulls and straws by an alkaline hydrogen peroxide extraction followed by ethanol precipitation. 26256379 7 25 theme superior 807:814 arg1 emulsifiers 829:839 superior oil-in-water emulsifiers 807:839 superior oil-in-water emulsifiers 807:839 The hemicellulose B fractions from barley straws were superior oil-in-water emulsifiers than those from barley hulls. 26256379 7 25 theme superior 807:814 arg1 fractions 773:781 The hemicellulose B fractions 753:781 The hemicellulose B fractions from barley straws 753:800 The hemicellulose B fractions from barley straws were superior oil-in-water emulsifiers than those from barley hulls. 26256379 1 26 theme non-carbohydrate 202:217 arg1 components 219:228 other useful carbohydrate and non-carbohydrate components 172:228 components 219:228 Both barley hulls and straw contain valuable arabinoxylans and other useful carbohydrate and non-carbohydrate components. 26256379 0 27 theme straw 30:34 arg1 constituents 36:47 straw constituents 30:47 straw constituents 30:47 Isolation of barley hulls and straw constituents and study of emulsifying properties of their arabinoxylans. 26256379 2 28 theme barley 366:371 arg1 hulls 373:377 hot water-extracted and de-starched barley hulls 330:377 hot water-extracted and de-starched barley hulls 330:377 The functional water soluble non-caloric arabinoxylan (hemicellulose B) fraction was isolated from hot water-extracted and de-starched barley hulls and straws by an alkaline hydrogen peroxide extraction followed by ethanol precipitation. 26256379 2 29 theme soluble 252:258 arg1 fraction 303:310 The functional water soluble non-caloric arabinoxylan (hemicellulose B) fraction 231:310 The functional water soluble non-caloric arabinoxylan (hemicellulose B) fraction 231:310 The functional water soluble non-caloric arabinoxylan (hemicellulose B) fraction was isolated from hot water-extracted and de-starched barley hulls and straws by an alkaline hydrogen peroxide extraction followed by ethanol precipitation. 26256379 3 30 theme Barley 469:474 arg1 hulls 476:480 Barley hulls 469:480 Barley hulls 469:480 Barley hulls contained comparatively more Hemi. 26256379 7 31 theme hemicellulose 757:769 arg1 emulsifiers 829:839 superior oil-in-water emulsifiers 807:839 superior oil-in-water emulsifiers 807:839 The hemicellulose B fractions from barley straws were superior oil-in-water emulsifiers than those from barley hulls. 26256379 7 31 theme hemicellulose 757:769 arg1 fractions 773:781 The hemicellulose B fractions 753:781 The hemicellulose B fractions from barley straws 753:800 The hemicellulose B fractions from barley straws were superior oil-in-water emulsifiers than those from barley hulls. 26256379 7 32 theme B 771:771 arg1 emulsifiers 829:839 superior oil-in-water emulsifiers 807:839 superior oil-in-water emulsifiers 807:839 The hemicellulose B fractions from barley straws were superior oil-in-water emulsifiers than those from barley hulls. 26256379 7 32 theme B 771:771 arg1 fractions 773:781 The hemicellulose B fractions 753:781 The hemicellulose B fractions from barley straws 753:800 The hemicellulose B fractions from barley straws were superior oil-in-water emulsifiers than those from barley hulls. 26256379 6 33 theme side 740:743 arg1 chains 745:750 the side chains 736:750 the side chains 736:750 B showed that they were typical arabinoxylans containing (in addition to arabinose and xylose) some galactose, glucose and acidic sugars in the side chains. 26256379 0 34 theme constituents 36:47 arg1 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation of barley hulls and straw constituents 0:47 Isolation of barley hulls and straw constituents and study of emulsifying properties of their arabinoxylans. 26256379 0 34 theme constituents 36:47 arg1 study 53:57 study 53:57 study of emulsifying properties of their arabinoxylans 53:106 Isolation of barley hulls and straw constituents and study of emulsifying properties of their arabinoxylans. 26256379 9 35 theme B 883:883 arg1 fractions 885:893 B fractions 883:893 B fractions 883:893 B fractions contain protein, which contributes to their emulsions stabilizing property. 26256379 1 36 theme barley 114:119 arg1 hulls 121:125 barley hulls 114:125 barley hulls 114:125 Both barley hulls and straw contain valuable arabinoxylans and other useful carbohydrate and non-carbohydrate components. 26256379 6 37 dep galactose 696:704 arg1 some 691:694 some 691:694 some 691:694 B showed that they were typical arabinoxylans containing (in addition to arabinose and xylose) some galactose, glucose and acidic sugars in the side chains. 26256379 2 38 theme hemicellulose 286:298 arg1 arabinoxylan 272:283 non-caloric arabinoxylan 260:283 The functional water soluble non-caloric arabinoxylan (hemicellulose B) fraction 231:310 The functional water soluble non-caloric arabinoxylan (hemicellulose B) fraction was isolated from hot water-extracted and de-starched barley hulls and straws by an alkaline hydrogen peroxide extraction followed by ethanol precipitation. 26256379 2 38 theme hemicellulose 286:298 arg1 B 300:300 hemicellulose B 286:300 hemicellulose B 286:300 The functional water soluble non-caloric arabinoxylan (hemicellulose B) fraction was isolated from hot water-extracted and de-starched barley hulls and straws by an alkaline hydrogen peroxide extraction followed by ethanol precipitation. 26256379 2 39 theme de-starched 354:364 arg1 hulls 373:377 hot water-extracted and de-starched barley hulls 330:377 hot water-extracted and de-starched barley hulls 330:377 The functional water soluble non-caloric arabinoxylan (hemicellulose B) fraction was isolated from hot water-extracted and de-starched barley hulls and straws by an alkaline hydrogen peroxide extraction followed by ethanol precipitation. 26256379 3 40 contain contained 482:490 arg1 hulls 476:480 Barley hulls 469:480 Barley hulls 469:480 Barley hulls contained comparatively more Hemi. 26256379 3 40 contain contained 482:490 arg2 Hemi 511:514 Hemi 511:514 Hemi 511:514 Barley hulls contained comparatively more Hemi. 26256379 7 41 theme barley 857:862 arg1 hulls 864:868 barley hulls 857:868 barley hulls 857:868 The hemicellulose B fractions from barley straws were superior oil-in-water emulsifiers than those from barley hulls. 26256379 2 42 theme arabinoxylan 272:283 arg1 fraction 303:310 The functional water soluble non-caloric arabinoxylan (hemicellulose B) fraction 231:310 The functional water soluble non-caloric arabinoxylan (hemicellulose B) fraction 231:310 The functional water soluble non-caloric arabinoxylan (hemicellulose B) fraction was isolated from hot water-extracted and de-starched barley hulls and straws by an alkaline hydrogen peroxide extraction followed by ethanol precipitation. 26256379 6 43 theme acidic 719:724 arg1 sugars 726:731 acidic sugars 719:731 acidic sugars 719:731 B showed that they were typical arabinoxylans containing (in addition to arabinose and xylose) some galactose, glucose and acidic sugars in the side chains. 26256379 9 44 contain contain 895:901 arg2 protein 903:909 protein 903:909 protein 903:909 B fractions contain protein, which contributes to their emulsions stabilizing property. 26256379 9 44 contain contain 895:901 arg1 fractions 885:893 B fractions 883:893 B fractions 883:893 B fractions contain protein, which contributes to their emulsions stabilizing property. 26256379 2 45 theme peroxide 414:421 arg1 extraction 423:432 an alkaline hydrogen peroxide extraction 393:432 an alkaline hydrogen peroxide extraction followed by ethanol precipitation 393:466 The functional water soluble non-caloric arabinoxylan (hemicellulose B) fraction was isolated from hot water-extracted and de-starched barley hulls and straws by an alkaline hydrogen peroxide extraction followed by ethanol precipitation. 26256379 4 46 dep 12.94 556:560 arg1 to 553:554 to 553:554 to 553:554 B (20.51%) than barley straws (7.41 to 12.94%). 26256379 2 47 theme non-caloric 260:270 arg1 arabinoxylan 272:283 non-caloric arabinoxylan 260:283 The functional water soluble non-caloric arabinoxylan (hemicellulose B) fraction 231:310 The functional water soluble non-caloric arabinoxylan (hemicellulose B) fraction was isolated from hot water-extracted and de-starched barley hulls and straws by an alkaline hydrogen peroxide extraction followed by ethanol precipitation. 26256379 2 47 theme non-caloric 260:270 arg1 B 300:300 hemicellulose B 286:300 hemicellulose B 286:300 The functional water soluble non-caloric arabinoxylan (hemicellulose B) fraction was isolated from hot water-extracted and de-starched barley hulls and straws by an alkaline hydrogen peroxide extraction followed by ethanol precipitation. 26165861 6 0 theme betulin 1004:1010 arg1 derivatives 1018:1028 betulin ester derivatives 1004:1028 betulin ester derivatives 1004:1028 The cell viability studies based on Annexin V and Propidium iodide probes have confirmed the high proapoptotic effect of betulin ester derivatives against cancer cells. 26165861 1 1 theme high 145:148 arg1 cytotoxicity 159:170 high in vitro cytotoxicity 145:170 high in vitro cytotoxicity toward many cancer cells 145:195 Betulin and its esters are the natural compounds with high in vitro cytotoxicity toward many cancer cells. 26165861 5 2 theme cancer 750:755 arg1 lines 762:766 different cancer cell lines 740:766 different cancer cell lines 740:766 As a result, the new composites have shown much higher inhibitory effects against different cancer cell lines such as Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and lung carcinoma cells (A549) in comparison with the initial substances. 26165861 0 3 theme anti-cancer 71:81 arg1 agents 83:88 highly potent anti-cancer agents 57:88 highly potent anti-cancer agents 57:88 New composites of betulin esters with arabinogalactan as highly potent anti-cancer agents. 26165861 1 4 theme in 150:151 arg1 cytotoxicity 159:170 high in vitro cytotoxicity 145:170 high in vitro cytotoxicity toward many cancer cells 145:195 Betulin and its esters are the natural compounds with high in vitro cytotoxicity toward many cancer cells. 26165861 6 5 theme proapoptotic 981:992 arg1 effect 994:999 the high proapoptotic effect 972:999 the high proapoptotic effect of betulin ester derivatives against cancer cells 972:1049 The cell viability studies based on Annexin V and Propidium iodide probes have confirmed the high proapoptotic effect of betulin ester derivatives against cancer cells. 26165861 6 6 theme viability 892:900 arg1 studies 902:908 The cell viability studies 883:908 The cell viability studies based on Annexin V and Propidium iodide probes 883:955 The cell viability studies based on Annexin V and Propidium iodide probes have confirmed the high proapoptotic effect of betulin ester derivatives against cancer cells. 26165861 1 7 with compounds 130:138 arg1 cytotoxicity 159:170 high in vitro cytotoxicity 145:170 high in vitro cytotoxicity toward many cancer cells 145:195 Betulin and its esters are the natural compounds with high in vitro cytotoxicity toward many cancer cells. 26165861 6 8 theme cell 887:890 arg1 studies 902:908 The cell viability studies 883:908 The cell viability studies based on Annexin V and Propidium iodide probes 883:955 The cell viability studies based on Annexin V and Propidium iodide probes have confirmed the high proapoptotic effect of betulin ester derivatives against cancer cells. 26165861 6 9 theme high 976:979 arg1 effect 994:999 the high proapoptotic effect 972:999 the high proapoptotic effect of betulin ester derivatives against cancer cells 972:1049 The cell viability studies based on Annexin V and Propidium iodide probes have confirmed the high proapoptotic effect of betulin ester derivatives against cancer cells. 26165861 5 10 theme lung 812:815 arg1 A549 834:837 A549 834:837 A549 834:837 As a result, the new composites have shown much higher inhibitory effects against different cancer cell lines such as Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and lung carcinoma cells (A549) in comparison with the initial substances. 26165861 5 10 theme lung 812:815 arg1 cells 827:831 lung carcinoma cells 812:831 lung carcinoma cells (A549) 812:838 As a result, the new composites have shown much higher inhibitory effects against different cancer cell lines such as Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and lung carcinoma cells (A549) in comparison with the initial substances. 26165861 5 11 theme cell 757:760 arg1 lines 762:766 different cancer cell lines 740:766 different cancer cell lines 740:766 As a result, the new composites have shown much higher inhibitory effects against different cancer cell lines such as Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and lung carcinoma cells (A549) in comparison with the initial substances. 26165861 3 12 theme mixtures 462:469 arg1 films 447:451 thin films 442:451 thin films of these mixtures 442:469 We prepared new composites of betulin esters using two methods, namely ball-milling of the mixtures of betulin esters with arabinogalactan and preparation of thin films of these mixtures by evaporating the aqueous solutions. 26165861 5 13 theme different 740:748 arg1 lines 762:766 different cancer cell lines 740:766 different cancer cell lines 740:766 As a result, the new composites have shown much higher inhibitory effects against different cancer cell lines such as Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and lung carcinoma cells (A549) in comparison with the initial substances. 26165861 4 14 theme initial 580:586 arg1 substances 588:597 the initial substances 576:597 the initial substances without losing the structural integrity and functionality 576:655 These composites revealed higher water solubility as compared with the initial substances without losing the structural integrity and functionality. 26165861 5 15 theme Ehrlich 776:782 arg1 ascites 784:790 Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and lung carcinoma cells (A549) 776:838 Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and lung carcinoma cells (A549) 776:838 As a result, the new composites have shown much higher inhibitory effects against different cancer cell lines such as Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and lung carcinoma cells (A549) in comparison with the initial substances. 26165861 3 16 with esters 395:400 arg1 arabinogalactan 407:421 arabinogalactan 407:421 arabinogalactan 407:421 We prepared new composites of betulin esters using two methods, namely ball-milling of the mixtures of betulin esters with arabinogalactan and preparation of thin films of these mixtures by evaporating the aqueous solutions. 26165861 0 17 theme potent 64:69 arg1 agents 83:88 highly potent anti-cancer agents 57:88 highly potent anti-cancer agents 57:88 New composites of betulin esters with arabinogalactan as highly potent anti-cancer agents. 26165861 5 18 theme new 675:677 arg1 composites 679:688 the new composites 671:688 the new composites 671:688 As a result, the new composites have shown much higher inhibitory effects against different cancer cell lines such as Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and lung carcinoma cells (A549) in comparison with the initial substances. 26165861 0 19 theme New 0:2 arg1 composites 4:13 New composites 0:13 New composites of betulin esters with arabinogalactan as highly potent anti-cancer agents. 0:89 New composites of betulin esters with arabinogalactan as highly potent anti-cancer agents. 26165861 0 19 theme New 0:2 arg1 esters 26:31 betulin esters 18:31 betulin esters 18:31 New composites of betulin esters with arabinogalactan as highly potent anti-cancer agents. 26165861 5 20 dep ascites 784:790 arg1 cells 802:806 carcinoma cells 792:806 carcinoma cells 792:806 As a result, the new composites have shown much higher inhibitory effects against different cancer cell lines such as Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and lung carcinoma cells (A549) in comparison with the initial substances. 26165861 5 20 dep ascites 784:790 arg1 A549 834:837 A549 834:837 A549 834:837 As a result, the new composites have shown much higher inhibitory effects against different cancer cell lines such as Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and lung carcinoma cells (A549) in comparison with the initial substances. 26165861 5 20 dep ascites 784:790 arg1 cells 827:831 lung carcinoma cells 812:831 lung carcinoma cells (A549) 812:838 As a result, the new composites have shown much higher inhibitory effects against different cancer cell lines such as Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and lung carcinoma cells (A549) in comparison with the initial substances. 26165861 1 21 dep in 150:151 arg1 vitro 153:157 vitro 153:157 vitro 153:157 Betulin and its esters are the natural compounds with high in vitro cytotoxicity toward many cancer cells. 26165861 1 22 theme many 179:182 arg1 cells 191:195 many cancer cells 179:195 many cancer cells 179:195 Betulin and its esters are the natural compounds with high in vitro cytotoxicity toward many cancer cells. 26165861 0 23 theme betulin 18:24 arg1 esters 26:31 betulin esters 18:31 betulin esters 18:31 New composites of betulin esters with arabinogalactan as highly potent anti-cancer agents. 26165861 4 24 theme water 542:546 arg1 solubility 548:557 higher water solubility 535:557 higher water solubility 535:557 These composites revealed higher water solubility as compared with the initial substances without losing the structural integrity and functionality. 26165861 5 25 theme carcinoma 792:800 arg1 cells 802:806 carcinoma cells 792:806 carcinoma cells 792:806 As a result, the new composites have shown much higher inhibitory effects against different cancer cell lines such as Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and lung carcinoma cells (A549) in comparison with the initial substances. 26165861 1 26 theme cancer 184:189 arg1 cells 191:195 many cancer cells 179:195 many cancer cells 179:195 Betulin and its esters are the natural compounds with high in vitro cytotoxicity toward many cancer cells. 26165861 6 27 dep V 927:927 arg1 probes 950:955 probes 950:955 probes 950:955 The cell viability studies based on Annexin V and Propidium iodide probes have confirmed the high proapoptotic effect of betulin ester derivatives against cancer cells. 26165861 3 28 theme aqueous 490:496 arg1 solutions 498:506 the aqueous solutions 486:506 the aqueous solutions 486:506 We prepared new composites of betulin esters using two methods, namely ball-milling of the mixtures of betulin esters with arabinogalactan and preparation of thin films of these mixtures by evaporating the aqueous solutions. 26165861 5 29 theme carcinoma 817:825 arg1 A549 834:837 A549 834:837 A549 834:837 As a result, the new composites have shown much higher inhibitory effects against different cancer cell lines such as Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and lung carcinoma cells (A549) in comparison with the initial substances. 26165861 5 29 theme carcinoma 817:825 arg1 cells 827:831 lung carcinoma cells 812:831 lung carcinoma cells (A549) 812:838 As a result, the new composites have shown much higher inhibitory effects against different cancer cell lines such as Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and lung carcinoma cells (A549) in comparison with the initial substances. 26165861 3 30 theme betulin 387:393 arg1 esters 395:400 betulin esters 387:400 betulin esters with arabinogalactan 387:421 We prepared new composites of betulin esters using two methods, namely ball-milling of the mixtures of betulin esters with arabinogalactan and preparation of thin films of these mixtures by evaporating the aqueous solutions. 26165861 5 31 theme higher 706:711 arg1 effects 724:730 much higher inhibitory effects 701:730 much higher inhibitory effects against different cancer cell lines such as Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and lung carcinoma cells (A549) 701:838 As a result, the new composites have shown much higher inhibitory effects against different cancer cell lines such as Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and lung carcinoma cells (A549) in comparison with the initial substances. 26165861 5 31 theme higher 706:711 arg1 result 663:668 a result 661:668 a result 661:668 As a result, the new composites have shown much higher inhibitory effects against different cancer cell lines such as Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and lung carcinoma cells (A549) in comparison with the initial substances. 26165861 5 31 theme higher 706:711 arg1 ascites 784:790 Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and lung carcinoma cells (A549) 776:838 Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and lung carcinoma cells (A549) 776:838 As a result, the new composites have shown much higher inhibitory effects against different cancer cell lines such as Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and lung carcinoma cells (A549) in comparison with the initial substances. 26165861 2 32 theme water 216:220 arg1 solubility 222:231 the poor water solubility 207:231 the poor water solubility of these compounds 207:250 However, the poor water solubility of these compounds has limited their applications. 26165861 5 33 theme initial 863:869 arg1 substances 871:880 the initial substances 859:880 the initial substances 859:880 As a result, the new composites have shown much higher inhibitory effects against different cancer cell lines such as Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and lung carcinoma cells (A549) in comparison with the initial substances. 26165861 6 34 theme cancer 1038:1043 arg1 cells 1045:1049 cancer cells 1038:1049 cancer cells 1038:1049 The cell viability studies based on Annexin V and Propidium iodide probes have confirmed the high proapoptotic effect of betulin ester derivatives against cancer cells. 26165861 3 35 theme esters 395:400 arg1 mixtures 375:382 the mixtures 371:382 the mixtures of betulin esters with arabinogalactan 371:421 We prepared new composites of betulin esters using two methods, namely ball-milling of the mixtures of betulin esters with arabinogalactan and preparation of thin films of these mixtures by evaporating the aqueous solutions. 26165861 6 36 theme Propidium 933:941 arg1 iodide 943:948 Propidium iodide 933:948 Propidium iodide 933:948 The cell viability studies based on Annexin V and Propidium iodide probes have confirmed the high proapoptotic effect of betulin ester derivatives against cancer cells. 26165861 0 37 theme esters 26:31 arg1 composites 4:13 New composites 0:13 New composites of betulin esters with arabinogalactan as highly potent anti-cancer agents. 0:89 New composites of betulin esters with arabinogalactan as highly potent anti-cancer agents. 26165861 0 37 theme esters 26:31 arg1 esters 26:31 betulin esters 18:31 betulin esters 18:31 New composites of betulin esters with arabinogalactan as highly potent anti-cancer agents. 26165861 2 38 theme poor 211:214 arg1 solubility 222:231 the poor water solubility 207:231 the poor water solubility of these compounds 207:250 However, the poor water solubility of these compounds has limited their applications. 26165861 3 39 theme thin 442:445 arg1 films 447:451 thin films 442:451 thin films of these mixtures 442:469 We prepared new composites of betulin esters using two methods, namely ball-milling of the mixtures of betulin esters with arabinogalactan and preparation of thin films of these mixtures by evaporating the aqueous solutions. 26165861 3 40 theme mixtures 375:382 arg1 preparation 427:437 preparation 427:437 preparation of thin films of these mixtures 427:469 We prepared new composites of betulin esters using two methods, namely ball-milling of the mixtures of betulin esters with arabinogalactan and preparation of thin films of these mixtures by evaporating the aqueous solutions. 26165861 3 40 theme mixtures 375:382 arg1 methods 339:345 two methods 335:345 two methods 335:345 We prepared new composites of betulin esters using two methods, namely ball-milling of the mixtures of betulin esters with arabinogalactan and preparation of thin films of these mixtures by evaporating the aqueous solutions. 26165861 3 40 theme mixtures 375:382 arg1 ball-milling 355:366 ball-milling 355:366 ball-milling of the mixtures of betulin esters with arabinogalactan 355:421 We prepared new composites of betulin esters using two methods, namely ball-milling of the mixtures of betulin esters with arabinogalactan and preparation of thin films of these mixtures by evaporating the aqueous solutions. 26165861 5 41 theme inhibitory 713:722 arg1 effects 724:730 much higher inhibitory effects 701:730 much higher inhibitory effects against different cancer cell lines such as Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and lung carcinoma cells (A549) 701:838 As a result, the new composites have shown much higher inhibitory effects against different cancer cell lines such as Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and lung carcinoma cells (A549) in comparison with the initial substances. 26165861 5 41 theme inhibitory 713:722 arg1 result 663:668 a result 661:668 a result 661:668 As a result, the new composites have shown much higher inhibitory effects against different cancer cell lines such as Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and lung carcinoma cells (A549) in comparison with the initial substances. 26165861 5 41 theme inhibitory 713:722 arg1 ascites 784:790 Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and lung carcinoma cells (A549) 776:838 Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and lung carcinoma cells (A549) 776:838 As a result, the new composites have shown much higher inhibitory effects against different cancer cell lines such as Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and lung carcinoma cells (A549) in comparison with the initial substances. 26165861 4 42 theme higher 535:540 arg1 solubility 548:557 higher water solubility 535:557 higher water solubility 535:557 These composites revealed higher water solubility as compared with the initial substances without losing the structural integrity and functionality. 26165861 3 43 theme new 296:298 arg1 composites 300:309 new composites 296:309 new composites of betulin esters using two methods, namely ball-milling of the mixtures of betulin esters with arabinogalactan and preparation of thin films of these mixtures 296:469 We prepared new composites of betulin esters using two methods, namely ball-milling of the mixtures of betulin esters with arabinogalactan and preparation of thin films of these mixtures by evaporating the aqueous solutions. 26165861 3 43 theme new 296:298 arg1 esters 322:327 betulin esters 314:327 betulin esters using two methods, namely ball-milling of the mixtures of betulin esters with arabinogalactan and preparation of thin films of these mixtures 314:469 We prepared new composites of betulin esters using two methods, namely ball-milling of the mixtures of betulin esters with arabinogalactan and preparation of thin films of these mixtures by evaporating the aqueous solutions. 26165861 0 44 with composites 4:13 arg1 arabinogalactan 38:52 arabinogalactan 38:52 arabinogalactan 38:52 New composites of betulin esters with arabinogalactan as highly potent anti-cancer agents. 26165861 6 45 theme Annexin 919:925 arg1 V 927:927 Annexin V 919:927 Annexin V 919:927 The cell viability studies based on Annexin V and Propidium iodide probes have confirmed the high proapoptotic effect of betulin ester derivatives against cancer cells. 26165861 5 46 with comparison 843:852 arg1 substances 871:880 the initial substances 859:880 the initial substances 859:880 As a result, the new composites have shown much higher inhibitory effects against different cancer cell lines such as Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and lung carcinoma cells (A549) in comparison with the initial substances. 26165861 2 47 theme compounds 242:250 arg1 solubility 222:231 the poor water solubility 207:231 the poor water solubility of these compounds 207:250 However, the poor water solubility of these compounds has limited their applications. 26165861 6 48 theme derivatives 1018:1028 arg1 effect 994:999 the high proapoptotic effect 972:999 the high proapoptotic effect of betulin ester derivatives against cancer cells 972:1049 The cell viability studies based on Annexin V and Propidium iodide probes have confirmed the high proapoptotic effect of betulin ester derivatives against cancer cells. 26165861 1 49 theme natural 122:128 arg1 Betulin 91:97 Betulin 91:97 Betulin 91:97 Betulin and its esters are the natural compounds with high in vitro cytotoxicity toward many cancer cells. 26165861 1 49 theme natural 122:128 arg1 esters 107:112 its esters 103:112 its esters 103:112 Betulin and its esters are the natural compounds with high in vitro cytotoxicity toward many cancer cells. 26165861 1 49 theme natural 122:128 arg1 compounds 130:138 the natural compounds 118:138 the natural compounds with high in vitro cytotoxicity toward many cancer cells 118:195 Betulin and its esters are the natural compounds with high in vitro cytotoxicity toward many cancer cells. 26165861 6 50 theme ester 1012:1016 arg1 derivatives 1018:1028 betulin ester derivatives 1004:1028 betulin ester derivatives 1004:1028 The cell viability studies based on Annexin V and Propidium iodide probes have confirmed the high proapoptotic effect of betulin ester derivatives against cancer cells. 26165861 3 51 theme betulin 314:320 arg1 esters 322:327 betulin esters 314:327 betulin esters using two methods, namely ball-milling of the mixtures of betulin esters with arabinogalactan and preparation of thin films of these mixtures 314:469 We prepared new composites of betulin esters using two methods, namely ball-milling of the mixtures of betulin esters with arabinogalactan and preparation of thin films of these mixtures by evaporating the aqueous solutions. 26165861 3 52 theme films 447:451 arg1 preparation 427:437 preparation 427:437 preparation of thin films of these mixtures 427:469 We prepared new composites of betulin esters using two methods, namely ball-milling of the mixtures of betulin esters with arabinogalactan and preparation of thin films of these mixtures by evaporating the aqueous solutions. 26165861 3 52 theme films 447:451 arg1 methods 339:345 two methods 335:345 two methods 335:345 We prepared new composites of betulin esters using two methods, namely ball-milling of the mixtures of betulin esters with arabinogalactan and preparation of thin films of these mixtures by evaporating the aqueous solutions. 26165861 3 52 theme films 447:451 arg1 ball-milling 355:366 ball-milling 355:366 ball-milling of the mixtures of betulin esters with arabinogalactan 355:421 We prepared new composites of betulin esters using two methods, namely ball-milling of the mixtures of betulin esters with arabinogalactan and preparation of thin films of these mixtures by evaporating the aqueous solutions. 26165861 4 53 theme structural 618:627 arg1 integrity 629:637 the structural integrity 614:637 the structural integrity 614:637 These composites revealed higher water solubility as compared with the initial substances without losing the structural integrity and functionality. 26165861 3 54 theme esters 322:327 arg1 composites 300:309 new composites 296:309 new composites of betulin esters using two methods, namely ball-milling of the mixtures of betulin esters with arabinogalactan and preparation of thin films of these mixtures 296:469 We prepared new composites of betulin esters using two methods, namely ball-milling of the mixtures of betulin esters with arabinogalactan and preparation of thin films of these mixtures by evaporating the aqueous solutions. 26165861 3 54 theme esters 322:327 arg1 esters 322:327 betulin esters 314:327 betulin esters using two methods, namely ball-milling of the mixtures of betulin esters with arabinogalactan and preparation of thin films of these mixtures 314:469 We prepared new composites of betulin esters using two methods, namely ball-milling of the mixtures of betulin esters with arabinogalactan and preparation of thin films of these mixtures by evaporating the aqueous solutions. 27261762 4 0 theme physical 896:903 arg1 properties 918:927 its physical and chemical properties 892:927 its physical and chemical properties 892:927 Basic characterization on bare and chitosan-Fe3O4 NPs was performed demonstrating that chitosan does not affect the crystallinity, chemical composition, and superparamagnetic properties of the Fe3O4 NPs, and also the incorporation of Fe3O4 NPs into chitosan nanoparticles increases the later hydrodynamic diameter without compromising its physical and chemical properties. 27261762 4 1 theme bare 583:586 arg1 NPs 607:609 bare and chitosan-Fe3O4 NPs 583:609 bare and chitosan-Fe3O4 NPs 583:609 Basic characterization on bare and chitosan-Fe3O4 NPs was performed demonstrating that chitosan does not affect the crystallinity, chemical composition, and superparamagnetic properties of the Fe3O4 NPs, and also the incorporation of Fe3O4 NPs into chitosan nanoparticles increases the later hydrodynamic diameter without compromising its physical and chemical properties. 27261762 5 2 theme magnetic 1021:1028 arg1 field 1030:1034 an alternating current magnetic field 998:1034 an alternating current magnetic field to the samples demonstrating that the heating ability of the Fe3O4 NPs was not significantly affected by chitosan 998:1148 The nano-composite was tested for magnetic hyperthermia by applying an alternating current magnetic field to the samples demonstrating that the heating ability of the Fe3O4 NPs was not significantly affected by chitosan. 27261762 4 3 theme Fe3O4 791:795 arg1 NPs 797:799 Fe3O4 NPs 791:799 Fe3O4 NPs 791:799 Basic characterization on bare and chitosan-Fe3O4 NPs was performed demonstrating that chitosan does not affect the crystallinity, chemical composition, and superparamagnetic properties of the Fe3O4 NPs, and also the incorporation of Fe3O4 NPs into chitosan nanoparticles increases the later hydrodynamic diameter without compromising its physical and chemical properties. 27261762 4 4 theme chemical 909:916 arg1 properties 918:927 its physical and chemical properties 892:927 its physical and chemical properties 892:927 Basic characterization on bare and chitosan-Fe3O4 NPs was performed demonstrating that chitosan does not affect the crystallinity, chemical composition, and superparamagnetic properties of the Fe3O4 NPs, and also the incorporation of Fe3O4 NPs into chitosan nanoparticles increases the later hydrodynamic diameter without compromising its physical and chemical properties. 27261762 5 5 theme heating 1074:1080 arg1 ability 1082:1088 the heating ability 1070:1088 the heating ability of the Fe3O4 NPs 1070:1105 The nano-composite was tested for magnetic hyperthermia by applying an alternating current magnetic field to the samples demonstrating that the heating ability of the Fe3O4 NPs was not significantly affected by chitosan. 27261762 5 6 theme alternating 1001:1011 arg1 field 1030:1034 an alternating current magnetic field 998:1034 an alternating current magnetic field to the samples demonstrating that the heating ability of the Fe3O4 NPs was not significantly affected by chitosan 998:1148 The nano-composite was tested for magnetic hyperthermia by applying an alternating current magnetic field to the samples demonstrating that the heating ability of the Fe3O4 NPs was not significantly affected by chitosan. 27261762 4 7 theme chitosan-Fe3O4 592:605 arg1 NPs 607:609 bare and chitosan-Fe3O4 NPs 583:609 bare and chitosan-Fe3O4 NPs 583:609 Basic characterization on bare and chitosan-Fe3O4 NPs was performed demonstrating that chitosan does not affect the crystallinity, chemical composition, and superparamagnetic properties of the Fe3O4 NPs, and also the incorporation of Fe3O4 NPs into chitosan nanoparticles increases the later hydrodynamic diameter without compromising its physical and chemical properties. 27261762 5 8 theme current 1013:1019 arg1 field 1030:1034 an alternating current magnetic field 998:1034 an alternating current magnetic field to the samples demonstrating that the heating ability of the Fe3O4 NPs was not significantly affected by chitosan 998:1148 The nano-composite was tested for magnetic hyperthermia by applying an alternating current magnetic field to the samples demonstrating that the heating ability of the Fe3O4 NPs was not significantly affected by chitosan. 27261762 3 9 theme thermal 463:469 arg1 decomposition 471:483 thermal decomposition 463:483 thermal decomposition 463:483 In this work iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) produced by chemical precipitation and thermal decomposition and coated with chitosan with different molecular weights were studied. 27261762 2 10 theme materials 256:264 arg1 types 247:251 other types 241:251 other types of materials such as iron oxide nanoparticles, improving its biocompatibility while extending its range of applications 241:371 Chitosan can be used as coating for other types of materials such as iron oxide nanoparticles, improving its biocompatibility while extending its range of applications. 27261762 1 11 theme wound 166:170 arg1 healing 172:178 wound healing 166:178 wound healing 166:178 Chitosan is a biopolymer widely used for biomedical applications such as drug delivery systems, wound healing, and tissue engineering. 27261762 0 12 theme oxide 49:53 arg1 nanoparticles 55:67 chitosan-iron oxide nanoparticles 35:67 chitosan-iron oxide nanoparticles 35:67 Thermal and magnetic properties of chitosan-iron oxide nanoparticles. 27261762 0 13 theme chitosan-iron 35:47 arg1 nanoparticles 55:67 chitosan-iron oxide nanoparticles 35:67 chitosan-iron oxide nanoparticles 35:67 Thermal and magnetic properties of chitosan-iron oxide nanoparticles. 27261762 3 14 theme molecular 525:533 arg1 weights 535:541 different molecular weights 515:541 different molecular weights 515:541 In this work iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) produced by chemical precipitation and thermal decomposition and coated with chitosan with different molecular weights were studied. 27261762 4 15 from characterization 563:578 arg1 NPs 607:609 bare and chitosan-Fe3O4 NPs 583:609 bare and chitosan-Fe3O4 NPs 583:609 Basic characterization on bare and chitosan-Fe3O4 NPs was performed demonstrating that chitosan does not affect the crystallinity, chemical composition, and superparamagnetic properties of the Fe3O4 NPs, and also the incorporation of Fe3O4 NPs into chitosan nanoparticles increases the later hydrodynamic diameter without compromising its physical and chemical properties. 27261762 4 16 theme NPs 756:758 arg1 properties 732:741 superparamagnetic properties 714:741 superparamagnetic properties 714:741 Basic characterization on bare and chitosan-Fe3O4 NPs was performed demonstrating that chitosan does not affect the crystallinity, chemical composition, and superparamagnetic properties of the Fe3O4 NPs, and also the incorporation of Fe3O4 NPs into chitosan nanoparticles increases the later hydrodynamic diameter without compromising its physical and chemical properties. 27261762 4 16 theme NPs 756:758 arg1 crystallinity 673:685 the crystallinity 669:685 the crystallinity 669:685 Basic characterization on bare and chitosan-Fe3O4 NPs was performed demonstrating that chitosan does not affect the crystallinity, chemical composition, and superparamagnetic properties of the Fe3O4 NPs, and also the incorporation of Fe3O4 NPs into chitosan nanoparticles increases the later hydrodynamic diameter without compromising its physical and chemical properties. 27261762 4 16 theme NPs 756:758 arg1 composition 697:707 chemical composition 688:707 chemical composition 688:707 Basic characterization on bare and chitosan-Fe3O4 NPs was performed demonstrating that chitosan does not affect the crystallinity, chemical composition, and superparamagnetic properties of the Fe3O4 NPs, and also the incorporation of Fe3O4 NPs into chitosan nanoparticles increases the later hydrodynamic diameter without compromising its physical and chemical properties. 27261762 0 17 theme Thermal 0:6 arg1 properties 21:30 Thermal and magnetic properties 0:30 Thermal and magnetic properties of chitosan-iron oxide nanoparticles 0:67 Thermal and magnetic properties of chitosan-iron oxide nanoparticles. 27261762 3 18 dep nanoparticles 398:410 arg1 produced 424:431 produced 424:431 produced by chemical precipitation and thermal decomposition 424:483 In this work iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) produced by chemical precipitation and thermal decomposition and coated with chitosan with different molecular weights were studied. 27261762 3 18 dep nanoparticles 398:410 arg1 coated 489:494 coated 489:494 coated with chitosan with different molecular weights 489:541 In this work iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) produced by chemical precipitation and thermal decomposition and coated with chitosan with different molecular weights were studied. 27261762 4 19 theme Fe3O4 750:754 arg1 NPs 756:758 the Fe3O4 NPs 746:758 the Fe3O4 NPs 746:758 Basic characterization on bare and chitosan-Fe3O4 NPs was performed demonstrating that chitosan does not affect the crystallinity, chemical composition, and superparamagnetic properties of the Fe3O4 NPs, and also the incorporation of Fe3O4 NPs into chitosan nanoparticles increases the later hydrodynamic diameter without compromising its physical and chemical properties. 27261762 3 20 theme Fe3O4 413:417 arg1 NPs 419:421 Fe3O4 NPs 413:421 Fe3O4 NPs 413:421 In this work iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) produced by chemical precipitation and thermal decomposition and coated with chitosan with different molecular weights were studied. 27261762 3 20 theme Fe3O4 413:417 arg1 nanoparticles 398:410 iron oxide nanoparticles 387:410 iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) produced by chemical precipitation and thermal decomposition and coated with chitosan with different molecular weights 387:541 In this work iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) produced by chemical precipitation and thermal decomposition and coated with chitosan with different molecular weights were studied. 27261762 5 21 theme magnetic 964:971 arg1 hyperthermia 973:984 magnetic hyperthermia 964:984 magnetic hyperthermia 964:984 The nano-composite was tested for magnetic hyperthermia by applying an alternating current magnetic field to the samples demonstrating that the heating ability of the Fe3O4 NPs was not significantly affected by chitosan. 27261762 2 22 theme oxide 279:283 arg1 nanoparticles 285:297 iron oxide nanoparticles 274:297 iron oxide nanoparticles 274:297 Chitosan can be used as coating for other types of materials such as iron oxide nanoparticles, improving its biocompatibility while extending its range of applications. 27261762 3 23 theme chemical 436:443 arg1 precipitation 445:457 chemical precipitation 436:457 chemical precipitation 436:457 In this work iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) produced by chemical precipitation and thermal decomposition and coated with chitosan with different molecular weights were studied. 27261762 0 24 theme magnetic 12:19 arg1 properties 21:30 Thermal and magnetic properties 0:30 Thermal and magnetic properties of chitosan-iron oxide nanoparticles 0:67 Thermal and magnetic properties of chitosan-iron oxide nanoparticles. 27261762 3 25 theme different 515:523 arg1 weights 535:541 different molecular weights 515:541 different molecular weights 515:541 In this work iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) produced by chemical precipitation and thermal decomposition and coated with chitosan with different molecular weights were studied. 27261762 2 26 theme iron 274:277 arg1 nanoparticles 285:297 iron oxide nanoparticles 274:297 iron oxide nanoparticles 274:297 Chitosan can be used as coating for other types of materials such as iron oxide nanoparticles, improving its biocompatibility while extending its range of applications. 27261762 2 27 used used 221:224 arg2 Chitosan 205:212 Chitosan 205:212 Chitosan 205:212 Chitosan can be used as coating for other types of materials such as iron oxide nanoparticles, improving its biocompatibility while extending its range of applications. 27261762 2 27 used used 221:224 arg2 coating 229:235 coating 229:235 coating for other types of materials such as iron oxide nanoparticles, improving its biocompatibility while extending its range of applications 229:371 Chitosan can be used as coating for other types of materials such as iron oxide nanoparticles, improving its biocompatibility while extending its range of applications. 27261762 3 28 theme oxide 392:396 arg1 NPs 419:421 Fe3O4 NPs 413:421 Fe3O4 NPs 413:421 In this work iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) produced by chemical precipitation and thermal decomposition and coated with chitosan with different molecular weights were studied. 27261762 3 28 theme oxide 392:396 arg1 nanoparticles 398:410 iron oxide nanoparticles 387:410 iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) produced by chemical precipitation and thermal decomposition and coated with chitosan with different molecular weights 387:541 In this work iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) produced by chemical precipitation and thermal decomposition and coated with chitosan with different molecular weights were studied. 27261762 4 29 theme Basic 557:561 arg1 characterization 563:578 Basic characterization 557:578 Basic characterization on bare and chitosan-Fe3O4 NPs 557:609 Basic characterization on bare and chitosan-Fe3O4 NPs was performed demonstrating that chitosan does not affect the crystallinity, chemical composition, and superparamagnetic properties of the Fe3O4 NPs, and also the incorporation of Fe3O4 NPs into chitosan nanoparticles increases the later hydrodynamic diameter without compromising its physical and chemical properties. 27261762 2 30 theme applications 360:371 arg1 range 351:355 its range 347:355 its range of applications 347:371 Chitosan can be used as coating for other types of materials such as iron oxide nanoparticles, improving its biocompatibility while extending its range of applications. 27261762 0 31 theme nanoparticles 55:67 arg1 properties 21:30 Thermal and magnetic properties 0:30 Thermal and magnetic properties of chitosan-iron oxide nanoparticles 0:67 Thermal and magnetic properties of chitosan-iron oxide nanoparticles. 27261762 4 32 theme later 843:847 arg1 diameter 862:869 the later hydrodynamic diameter 839:869 the later hydrodynamic diameter 839:869 Basic characterization on bare and chitosan-Fe3O4 NPs was performed demonstrating that chitosan does not affect the crystallinity, chemical composition, and superparamagnetic properties of the Fe3O4 NPs, and also the incorporation of Fe3O4 NPs into chitosan nanoparticles increases the later hydrodynamic diameter without compromising its physical and chemical properties. 27261762 1 33 theme biomedical 111:120 arg1 engineering 192:202 tissue engineering 185:202 tissue engineering 185:202 Chitosan is a biopolymer widely used for biomedical applications such as drug delivery systems, wound healing, and tissue engineering. 27261762 1 33 theme biomedical 111:120 arg1 systems 157:163 drug delivery systems 143:163 drug delivery systems 143:163 Chitosan is a biopolymer widely used for biomedical applications such as drug delivery systems, wound healing, and tissue engineering. 27261762 1 33 theme biomedical 111:120 arg1 applications 122:133 biomedical applications 111:133 biomedical applications such as drug delivery systems, wound healing, and tissue engineering 111:202 Chitosan is a biopolymer widely used for biomedical applications such as drug delivery systems, wound healing, and tissue engineering. 27261762 1 33 theme biomedical 111:120 arg1 healing 172:178 wound healing 166:178 wound healing 166:178 Chitosan is a biopolymer widely used for biomedical applications such as drug delivery systems, wound healing, and tissue engineering. 27261762 3 34 theme iron 387:390 arg1 NPs 419:421 Fe3O4 NPs 413:421 Fe3O4 NPs 413:421 In this work iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) produced by chemical precipitation and thermal decomposition and coated with chitosan with different molecular weights were studied. 27261762 3 34 theme iron 387:390 arg1 nanoparticles 398:410 iron oxide nanoparticles 387:410 iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) produced by chemical precipitation and thermal decomposition and coated with chitosan with different molecular weights 387:541 In this work iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) produced by chemical precipitation and thermal decomposition and coated with chitosan with different molecular weights were studied. 27261762 4 35 theme hydrodynamic 849:860 arg1 diameter 862:869 the later hydrodynamic diameter 839:869 the later hydrodynamic diameter 839:869 Basic characterization on bare and chitosan-Fe3O4 NPs was performed demonstrating that chitosan does not affect the crystallinity, chemical composition, and superparamagnetic properties of the Fe3O4 NPs, and also the incorporation of Fe3O4 NPs into chitosan nanoparticles increases the later hydrodynamic diameter without compromising its physical and chemical properties. 27261762 4 36 theme superparamagnetic 714:730 arg1 properties 732:741 superparamagnetic properties 714:741 superparamagnetic properties 714:741 Basic characterization on bare and chitosan-Fe3O4 NPs was performed demonstrating that chitosan does not affect the crystallinity, chemical composition, and superparamagnetic properties of the Fe3O4 NPs, and also the incorporation of Fe3O4 NPs into chitosan nanoparticles increases the later hydrodynamic diameter without compromising its physical and chemical properties. 27261762 4 37 theme NPs 797:799 arg1 incorporation 774:786 the incorporation 770:786 the incorporation of Fe3O4 NPs into chitosan nanoparticles 770:827 Basic characterization on bare and chitosan-Fe3O4 NPs was performed demonstrating that chitosan does not affect the crystallinity, chemical composition, and superparamagnetic properties of the Fe3O4 NPs, and also the incorporation of Fe3O4 NPs into chitosan nanoparticles increases the later hydrodynamic diameter without compromising its physical and chemical properties. 27261762 4 38 theme chemical 688:695 arg1 composition 697:707 chemical composition 688:707 chemical composition 688:707 Basic characterization on bare and chitosan-Fe3O4 NPs was performed demonstrating that chitosan does not affect the crystallinity, chemical composition, and superparamagnetic properties of the Fe3O4 NPs, and also the incorporation of Fe3O4 NPs into chitosan nanoparticles increases the later hydrodynamic diameter without compromising its physical and chemical properties. 27261762 5 39 theme Fe3O4 1097:1101 arg1 NPs 1103:1105 the Fe3O4 NPs 1093:1105 the Fe3O4 NPs 1093:1105 The nano-composite was tested for magnetic hyperthermia by applying an alternating current magnetic field to the samples demonstrating that the heating ability of the Fe3O4 NPs was not significantly affected by chitosan. 27261762 2 40 theme other 241:245 arg1 types 247:251 other types 241:251 other types of materials such as iron oxide nanoparticles, improving its biocompatibility while extending its range of applications 241:371 Chitosan can be used as coating for other types of materials such as iron oxide nanoparticles, improving its biocompatibility while extending its range of applications. 27261762 2 41 dep nanoparticles 285:297 arg1 improving 300:308 improving 300:308 improving its biocompatibility while extending its range of applications 300:371 Chitosan can be used as coating for other types of materials such as iron oxide nanoparticles, improving its biocompatibility while extending its range of applications. 27261762 5 42 theme NPs 1103:1105 arg1 ability 1082:1088 the heating ability 1070:1088 the heating ability of the Fe3O4 NPs 1070:1105 The nano-composite was tested for magnetic hyperthermia by applying an alternating current magnetic field to the samples demonstrating that the heating ability of the Fe3O4 NPs was not significantly affected by chitosan. 27261762 4 43 theme chitosan 806:813 arg1 nanoparticles 815:827 chitosan nanoparticles 806:827 chitosan nanoparticles 806:827 Basic characterization on bare and chitosan-Fe3O4 NPs was performed demonstrating that chitosan does not affect the crystallinity, chemical composition, and superparamagnetic properties of the Fe3O4 NPs, and also the incorporation of Fe3O4 NPs into chitosan nanoparticles increases the later hydrodynamic diameter without compromising its physical and chemical properties. 27261762 1 44 theme tissue 185:190 arg1 engineering 192:202 tissue engineering 185:202 tissue engineering 185:202 Chitosan is a biopolymer widely used for biomedical applications such as drug delivery systems, wound healing, and tissue engineering. 27261762 1 45 theme drug 143:146 arg1 systems 157:163 drug delivery systems 143:163 drug delivery systems 143:163 Chitosan is a biopolymer widely used for biomedical applications such as drug delivery systems, wound healing, and tissue engineering. 27261762 1 46 theme delivery 148:155 arg1 systems 157:163 drug delivery systems 143:163 drug delivery systems 143:163 Chitosan is a biopolymer widely used for biomedical applications such as drug delivery systems, wound healing, and tissue engineering. 29738214 5 0 theme high-yield 253:262 arg1 biomass 264:270 high-yield biomass 253:270 high-yield biomass 253:270 To achieve high-yield biomass, we optimized fermentation medium for Paenibacillus sp. 29738214 8 1 theme fermentation 488:499 arg1 medium 501:506 The optimal fermentation medium 476:506 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 468:644 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 29738214 8 2 theme 3.5 601:603 arg1 g 605:605 g 605:605 g 605:605 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 29738214 8 3 theme optimal 480:486 arg1 medium 501:506 The optimal fermentation medium 476:506 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 468:644 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 29738214 8 4 theme 0.02 632:635 arg1 g 637:637 g 637:637 g 637:637 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 29738214 9 5 theme flask 702:706 arg1 fermentation 708:719 shake flask fermentation 696:719 shake flask fermentation 696:719 The maximum OD600 of 10.280±0.009 was obtained in shake flask fermentation, reached 94.6% of the predicted value. 29738214 7 6 theme Composite 377:385 arg1 Methods 334:340 Methods 334:340 Methods Plackett-Burman Design and Central Composite Design in response surface methodology 334:424 Methods Plackett-Burman Design and Central Composite Design in response surface methodology were used to optimize medium composition. 29738214 7 6 theme Composite 377:385 arg1 Design 387:392 Central Composite Design 369:392 Central Composite Design 369:392 Methods Plackett-Burman Design and Central Composite Design in response surface methodology were used to optimize medium composition. 29738214 7 7 theme Plackett-Burman 342:356 arg1 Methods 334:340 Methods 334:340 Methods Plackett-Burman Design and Central Composite Design in response surface methodology 334:424 Methods Plackett-Burman Design and Central Composite Design in response surface methodology were used to optimize medium composition. 29738214 7 7 theme Plackett-Burman 342:356 arg1 Design 358:363 Plackett-Burman Design 342:363 Plackett-Burman Design 342:363 Methods Plackett-Burman Design and Central Composite Design in response surface methodology were used to optimize medium composition. 29738214 8 8 theme g 618:618 arg1 Na2MoO4 620:626 0.02 g Na2MoO4 613:626 0.02 g Na2MoO4 613:626 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 29738214 8 8 theme g 618:618 arg1 Results 468:474 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained 468:516 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 468:644 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 29738214 8 9 theme 0.02 613:616 arg1 g 618:618 g 618:618 g 618:618 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 29738214 12 10 theme Paenibacillus 968:980 arg1 spp 982:984 other Paenibacillus spp 962:984 other Paenibacillus spp 962:984 Our results will be useful for largescale fermentation of this strain and other Paenibacillus spp. 29738214 4 11 dep grows 179:183 arg1 OD600≤1 193:199 OD600≤1 193:199 OD600≤1 193:199 However, it grows poorly (OD600≤1) in both mineral medium and rich medium. 29738214 9 12 theme value 753:757 arg1 % 734:734 94.6% 730:734 94.6% of the predicted value 730:757 The maximum OD600 of 10.280±0.009 was obtained in shake flask fermentation, reached 94.6% of the predicted value. 29738214 9 12 theme value 753:757 arg1 value 753:757 the predicted value 739:757 the predicted value 739:757 The maximum OD600 of 10.280±0.009 was obtained in shake flask fermentation, reached 94.6% of the predicted value. 29738214 8 13 theme g 637:637 arg1 FeSO4 639:643 0.02 g FeSO4 632:643 0.02 g FeSO4 632:643 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 29738214 8 13 theme g 637:637 arg1 Results 468:474 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained 468:516 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 468:644 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 29738214 10 14 theme Paenibacillus 864:876 arg1 sp 878:879 Paenibacillus sp 864:879 Paenibacillus sp 864:879 Conclusion We succeeded in using a response surface methodology to optimize the fermentation medium for Paenibacillus sp. 29738214 0 15 theme Medium 0:5 arg1 optimization 7:18 Medium optimization 0:18 Medium optimization for nitrogen 0:31 Medium optimization for nitrogen fixer Paenibacillus sp. 29738214 2 16 theme Paenibacillus 73:85 arg1 sp 87:88 Objective Paenibacillus sp 63:88 Objective Paenibacillus sp. 63:89 Objective Paenibacillus sp. 29738214 9 17 theme maximum 650:656 arg1 OD600 658:662 The maximum OD600 646:662 The maximum OD600 of 10.280±0.009 646:678 The maximum OD600 of 10.280±0.009 was obtained in shake flask fermentation, reached 94.6% of the predicted value. 29738214 5 18 theme Paenibacillus 310:322 arg1 sp 324:325 Paenibacillus sp 310:325 Paenibacillus sp 310:325 To achieve high-yield biomass, we optimized fermentation medium for Paenibacillus sp. 29738214 8 19 dep Results 468:474 arg1 Na2MoO4 620:626 0.02 g Na2MoO4 613:626 0.02 g Na2MoO4 613:626 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 29738214 8 19 dep Results 468:474 arg1 Extract 578:584 10.92 g Yeast Extract 564:584 10.92 g Yeast Extract 564:584 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 29738214 8 19 dep Results 468:474 arg1 NaCl 607:610 3.5 g NaCl 601:610 3.5 g NaCl 601:610 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 29738214 8 19 dep Results 468:474 arg1 Tryptone 554:561 5.31 g Tryptone 547:561 5.31 g Tryptone 547:561 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 29738214 8 19 dep Results 468:474 arg1 medium 501:506 The optimal fermentation medium 476:506 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 468:644 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 29738214 8 19 dep Results 468:474 arg1 FeSO4 639:643 0.02 g FeSO4 632:643 0.02 g FeSO4 632:643 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 29738214 8 19 dep Results 468:474 arg1 MgSO4 594:598 0.51 g MgSO4 587:598 0.51 g MgSO4 587:598 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 29738214 8 19 dep Results 468:474 arg1 Sucrose 538:544 36.22 g Sucrose 530:544 36.22 g Sucrose 530:544 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 29738214 8 19 dep Results 468:474 arg1 Results 468:474 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained 468:516 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 468:644 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 29738214 4 20 theme rich 229:232 arg1 medium 234:239 rich medium 229:239 rich medium 229:239 However, it grows poorly (OD600≤1) in both mineral medium and rich medium. 29738214 10 21 dep Conclusion 760:769 arg1 succeeded 774:782 succeeded 774:782 succeeded in using a response surface methodology to optimize the fermentation medium for Paenibacillus sp 774:879 Conclusion We succeeded in using a response surface methodology to optimize the fermentation medium for Paenibacillus sp. 29738214 8 22 theme Yeast 572:576 arg1 Extract 578:584 10.92 g Yeast Extract 564:584 10.92 g Yeast Extract 564:584 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 29738214 8 22 theme Yeast 572:576 arg1 Results 468:474 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained 468:516 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 468:644 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 29738214 10 23 theme fermentation 840:851 arg1 medium 853:858 the fermentation medium 836:858 the fermentation medium for Paenibacillus sp 836:879 Conclusion We succeeded in using a response surface methodology to optimize the fermentation medium for Paenibacillus sp. 29738214 10 24 theme surface 804:810 arg1 methodology 812:822 a response surface methodology 793:822 a response surface methodology to optimize the fermentation medium for Paenibacillus sp 793:879 Conclusion We succeeded in using a response surface methodology to optimize the fermentation medium for Paenibacillus sp. 29738214 0 25 theme Paenibacillus 39:51 arg1 sp 53:54 Paenibacillus sp 39:54 Paenibacillus sp 39:54 Medium optimization for nitrogen fixer Paenibacillus sp. 29738214 8 26 theme g 570:570 arg1 Extract 578:584 10.92 g Yeast Extract 564:584 10.92 g Yeast Extract 564:584 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 29738214 8 26 theme g 570:570 arg1 Results 468:474 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained 468:516 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 468:644 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 29738214 9 27 theme 10.280±0.009 667:678 arg1 OD600 658:662 The maximum OD600 646:662 The maximum OD600 of 10.280±0.009 646:678 The maximum OD600 of 10.280±0.009 was obtained in shake flask fermentation, reached 94.6% of the predicted value. 29738214 12 28 theme strain 951:956 arg1 spp 982:984 other Paenibacillus spp 962:984 other Paenibacillus spp 962:984 Our results will be useful for largescale fermentation of this strain and other Paenibacillus spp. 29738214 12 28 theme strain 951:956 arg1 fermentation 930:941 largescale fermentation 919:941 largescale fermentation of this strain 919:956 Our results will be useful for largescale fermentation of this strain and other Paenibacillus spp. 29738214 7 29 from Methods 334:340 arg1 methodology 414:424 response surface methodology 397:424 response surface methodology 397:424 Methods Plackett-Burman Design and Central Composite Design in response surface methodology were used to optimize medium composition. 29738214 8 30 theme g 536:536 arg1 Sucrose 538:544 36.22 g Sucrose 530:544 36.22 g Sucrose 530:544 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 29738214 8 30 theme g 536:536 arg1 Results 468:474 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained 468:516 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 468:644 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 29738214 7 31 theme medium 448:453 arg1 composition 455:465 medium composition 448:465 medium composition 448:465 Methods Plackett-Burman Design and Central Composite Design in response surface methodology were used to optimize medium composition. 29738214 2 32 theme Objective 63:71 arg1 sp 87:88 Objective Paenibacillus sp 63:88 Objective Paenibacillus sp. 63:89 Objective Paenibacillus sp. 29738214 5 33 theme fermentation 286:297 arg1 medium 299:304 fermentation medium 286:304 fermentation medium 286:304 To achieve high-yield biomass, we optimized fermentation medium for Paenibacillus sp. 29738214 8 34 theme g 592:592 arg1 MgSO4 594:598 0.51 g MgSO4 587:598 0.51 g MgSO4 587:598 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 29738214 8 34 theme g 592:592 arg1 Results 468:474 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained 468:516 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 468:644 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 29738214 7 35 used used 431:434 arg2 Design 387:392 Central Composite Design 369:392 Central Composite Design 369:392 Methods Plackett-Burman Design and Central Composite Design in response surface methodology were used to optimize medium composition. 29738214 7 35 used used 431:434 arg2 Design 358:363 Plackett-Burman Design 342:363 Plackett-Burman Design 342:363 Methods Plackett-Burman Design and Central Composite Design in response surface methodology were used to optimize medium composition. 29738214 7 35 used used 431:434 arg2 Methods 334:340 Methods 334:340 Methods Plackett-Burman Design and Central Composite Design in response surface methodology 334:424 Methods Plackett-Burman Design and Central Composite Design in response surface methodology were used to optimize medium composition. 29738214 12 36 theme other 962:966 arg1 spp 982:984 other Paenibacillus spp 962:984 other Paenibacillus spp 962:984 Our results will be useful for largescale fermentation of this strain and other Paenibacillus spp. 29738214 4 37 theme mineral 210:216 arg1 medium 218:223 mineral medium 210:223 mineral medium 210:223 However, it grows poorly (OD600≤1) in both mineral medium and rich medium. 29738214 7 38 dep Methods 334:340 arg1 Methods 334:340 Methods 334:340 Methods Plackett-Burman Design and Central Composite Design in response surface methodology 334:424 Methods Plackett-Burman Design and Central Composite Design in response surface methodology were used to optimize medium composition. 29738214 7 38 dep Methods 334:340 arg1 Design 387:392 Central Composite Design 369:392 Central Composite Design 369:392 Methods Plackett-Burman Design and Central Composite Design in response surface methodology were used to optimize medium composition. 29738214 7 38 dep Methods 334:340 arg1 Design 358:363 Plackett-Burman Design 342:363 Plackett-Burman Design 342:363 Methods Plackett-Burman Design and Central Composite Design in response surface methodology were used to optimize medium composition. 29738214 9 39 theme shake 696:700 arg1 fermentation 708:719 shake flask fermentation 696:719 shake flask fermentation 696:719 The maximum OD600 of 10.280±0.009 was obtained in shake flask fermentation, reached 94.6% of the predicted value. 29738214 3 40 theme nitrogen-fixing 101:115 arg1 bacterium 117:125 a nitrogen-fixing bacterium 99:125 a nitrogen-fixing bacterium that has the potential as a fertilizer 99:164 1-49 is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium that has the potential as a fertilizer. 29738214 3 40 theme nitrogen-fixing 101:115 arg1 1-49 91:94 1-49 91:94 1-49 91:94 1-49 is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium that has the potential as a fertilizer. 29738214 9 41 theme predicted 743:751 arg1 value 753:757 the predicted value 739:757 the predicted value 739:757 The maximum OD600 of 10.280±0.009 was obtained in shake flask fermentation, reached 94.6% of the predicted value. 29738214 12 42 theme largescale 919:928 arg1 fermentation 930:941 largescale fermentation 919:941 largescale fermentation of this strain 919:956 Our results will be useful for largescale fermentation of this strain and other Paenibacillus spp. 29738214 8 43 theme g 552:552 arg1 Tryptone 554:561 5.31 g Tryptone 547:561 5.31 g Tryptone 547:561 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 29738214 8 43 theme g 552:552 arg1 Results 468:474 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained 468:516 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 468:644 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 29738214 10 44 theme response 795:802 arg1 methodology 812:822 a response surface methodology 793:822 a response surface methodology to optimize the fermentation medium for Paenibacillus sp 793:879 Conclusion We succeeded in using a response surface methodology to optimize the fermentation medium for Paenibacillus sp. 29738214 7 45 theme Central 369:375 arg1 Methods 334:340 Methods 334:340 Methods Plackett-Burman Design and Central Composite Design in response surface methodology 334:424 Methods Plackett-Burman Design and Central Composite Design in response surface methodology were used to optimize medium composition. 29738214 7 45 theme Central 369:375 arg1 Design 387:392 Central Composite Design 369:392 Central Composite Design 369:392 Methods Plackett-Burman Design and Central Composite Design in response surface methodology were used to optimize medium composition. 29738214 8 46 theme 10.92 564:568 arg1 Extract 578:584 10.92 g Yeast Extract 564:584 10.92 g Yeast Extract 564:584 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 29738214 8 46 theme 10.92 564:568 arg1 Results 468:474 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained 468:516 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 468:644 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 29738214 7 47 theme response 397:404 arg1 methodology 414:424 response surface methodology 397:424 response surface methodology 397:424 Methods Plackett-Burman Design and Central Composite Design in response surface methodology were used to optimize medium composition. 29738214 3 48 contain has 132:134 arg1 bacterium 117:125 a nitrogen-fixing bacterium 99:125 a nitrogen-fixing bacterium that has the potential as a fertilizer 99:164 1-49 is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium that has the potential as a fertilizer. 29738214 3 48 contain has 132:134 arg2 potential 140:148 the potential 136:148 the potential as a fertilizer 136:164 1-49 is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium that has the potential as a fertilizer. 29738214 3 48 contain has 132:134 arg1 1-49 91:94 1-49 91:94 1-49 91:94 1-49 is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium that has the potential as a fertilizer. 29738214 8 49 theme g 605:605 arg1 NaCl 607:610 3.5 g NaCl 601:610 3.5 g NaCl 601:610 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 29738214 8 49 theme g 605:605 arg1 Results 468:474 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained 468:516 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 468:644 Results The optimal fermentation medium contained:(per liter) 36.22 g Sucrose, 5.31 g Tryptone, 10.92 g Yeast Extract, 0.51 g MgSO4, 3.5 g NaCl, 0.02 g Na2MoO4 and 0.02 g FeSO4. 29738214 7 50 theme surface 406:412 arg1 methodology 414:424 response surface methodology 397:424 response surface methodology 397:424 Methods Plackett-Burman Design and Central Composite Design in response surface methodology were used to optimize medium composition. 25722139 2 0 theme subsequent 442:451 arg1 cooling 453:459 subsequent cooling 442:459 subsequent cooling to 5 °C 442:467 Analysis involved monitoring the thermal behavior of these biopolymers during controlled heating from 25 up to 95 °C and subsequent cooling to 5 °C under small deformation dynamic oscillation in-shear and micro differential scanning calorimetry experiments. 25722139 1 1 theme composite 283:291 arg1 matrices 293:300 low- to intermediate-solid single systems and composite matrices 237:300 low- to intermediate-solid single systems and composite matrices 237:300 The structural properties of medium molecular weight chitosan (CHT), whey protein isolate (WPI) and native wheat starch (WS) from low- to intermediate-solid single systems and composite matrices were investigated. 25722139 1 2 theme molecular 143:151 arg1 weight 153:158 medium molecular weight 136:158 medium molecular weight chitosan (CHT) 136:173 The structural properties of medium molecular weight chitosan (CHT), whey protein isolate (WPI) and native wheat starch (WS) from low- to intermediate-solid single systems and composite matrices were investigated. 25722139 4 3 theme networks 912:919 arg1 structure 895:903 the structure 891:903 the structure of WPI networks 891:919 Our study found a significant change in the structure of WPI networks upon incorporation of CHT in preparations due to electrostatic forces developing between the two polymeric constituents. 25722139 1 4 theme native 207:212 arg1 WS 228:229 WS 228:229 WS 228:229 The structural properties of medium molecular weight chitosan (CHT), whey protein isolate (WPI) and native wheat starch (WS) from low- to intermediate-solid single systems and composite matrices were investigated. 25722139 1 4 theme native 207:212 arg1 starch 220:225 native wheat starch 207:225 native wheat starch (WS) 207:230 The structural properties of medium molecular weight chitosan (CHT), whey protein isolate (WPI) and native wheat starch (WS) from low- to intermediate-solid single systems and composite matrices were investigated. 25722139 1 4 theme native 207:212 arg1 chitosan 160:167 medium molecular weight chitosan 136:167 medium molecular weight chitosan (CHT) 136:173 The structural properties of medium molecular weight chitosan (CHT), whey protein isolate (WPI) and native wheat starch (WS) from low- to intermediate-solid single systems and composite matrices were investigated. 25722139 0 5 theme protein 63:69 arg1 properties 44:53 the structural properties 29:53 the structural properties of whey protein and wheat starch composite systems 29:104 The influence of chitosan on the structural properties of whey protein and wheat starch composite systems. 25722139 0 6 from influence 4:12 arg1 properties 44:53 the structural properties 29:53 the structural properties of whey protein and wheat starch composite systems 29:104 The influence of chitosan on the structural properties of whey protein and wheat starch composite systems. 25722139 2 7 dep in-shear 513:520 arg1 experiments 566:576 experiments 566:576 experiments 566:576 Analysis involved monitoring the thermal behavior of these biopolymers during controlled heating from 25 up to 95 °C and subsequent cooling to 5 °C under small deformation dynamic oscillation in-shear and micro differential scanning calorimetry experiments. 25722139 1 8 theme weight 153:158 arg1 CHT 170:172 CHT 170:172 CHT 170:172 The structural properties of medium molecular weight chitosan (CHT), whey protein isolate (WPI) and native wheat starch (WS) from low- to intermediate-solid single systems and composite matrices were investigated. 25722139 1 8 theme weight 153:158 arg1 chitosan 160:167 medium molecular weight chitosan 136:167 medium molecular weight chitosan (CHT) 136:173 The structural properties of medium molecular weight chitosan (CHT), whey protein isolate (WPI) and native wheat starch (WS) from low- to intermediate-solid single systems and composite matrices were investigated. 25722139 1 8 theme weight 153:158 arg1 starch 220:225 native wheat starch 207:225 native wheat starch (WS) 207:230 The structural properties of medium molecular weight chitosan (CHT), whey protein isolate (WPI) and native wheat starch (WS) from low- to intermediate-solid single systems and composite matrices were investigated. 25722139 1 8 theme weight 153:158 arg1 isolate 189:195 whey protein isolate 176:195 whey protein isolate (WPI) 176:201 The structural properties of medium molecular weight chitosan (CHT), whey protein isolate (WPI) and native wheat starch (WS) from low- to intermediate-solid single systems and composite matrices were investigated. 25722139 1 9 theme wheat 214:218 arg1 WS 228:229 WS 228:229 WS 228:229 The structural properties of medium molecular weight chitosan (CHT), whey protein isolate (WPI) and native wheat starch (WS) from low- to intermediate-solid single systems and composite matrices were investigated. 25722139 1 9 theme wheat 214:218 arg1 starch 220:225 native wheat starch 207:225 native wheat starch (WS) 207:230 The structural properties of medium molecular weight chitosan (CHT), whey protein isolate (WPI) and native wheat starch (WS) from low- to intermediate-solid single systems and composite matrices were investigated. 25722139 1 9 theme wheat 214:218 arg1 chitosan 160:167 medium molecular weight chitosan 136:167 medium molecular weight chitosan (CHT) 136:173 The structural properties of medium molecular weight chitosan (CHT), whey protein isolate (WPI) and native wheat starch (WS) from low- to intermediate-solid single systems and composite matrices were investigated. 25722139 0 10 theme starch 81:86 arg1 systems 98:104 wheat starch composite systems 75:104 wheat starch composite systems 75:104 The influence of chitosan on the structural properties of whey protein and wheat starch composite systems. 25722139 3 11 theme systems 688:694 arg1 morphology 670:679 overall network morphology 654:679 overall network morphology of the systems 654:694 Further information regarding the molecular interactions of components and overall network morphology of the systems was revealed through subjecting thermally developed gels to large deformation compression testing, scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. 25722139 3 11 theme systems 688:694 arg1 information 587:597 Further information 579:597 Further information regarding the molecular interactions of components 579:648 Further information regarding the molecular interactions of components and overall network morphology of the systems was revealed through subjecting thermally developed gels to large deformation compression testing, scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. 25722139 0 12 theme wheat 75:79 arg1 systems 98:104 wheat starch composite systems 75:104 wheat starch composite systems 75:104 The influence of chitosan on the structural properties of whey protein and wheat starch composite systems. 25722139 4 13 from change 881:886 arg1 structure 895:903 the structure 891:903 the structure of WPI networks 891:919 Our study found a significant change in the structure of WPI networks upon incorporation of CHT in preparations due to electrostatic forces developing between the two polymeric constituents. 25722139 2 14 dep 95 432:433 arg1 up 426:427 up 426:427 up 426:427 Analysis involved monitoring the thermal behavior of these biopolymers during controlled heating from 25 up to 95 °C and subsequent cooling to 5 °C under small deformation dynamic oscillation in-shear and micro differential scanning calorimetry experiments. 25722139 6 15 theme materials 1262:1270 arg1 energy 1242:1247 the stored energy 1231:1247 the stored energy of composite materials 1231:1270 However, at higher additions of the polysaccharide, a recovery in the stored energy of composite materials was apparent, as recorded in the thermomechanical protocol. 25722139 6 16 theme higher 1177:1182 arg1 additions 1184:1192 higher additions 1177:1192 higher additions of the polysaccharide 1177:1214 However, at higher additions of the polysaccharide, a recovery in the stored energy of composite materials was apparent, as recorded in the thermomechanical protocol. 25722139 0 17 theme systems 98:104 arg1 properties 44:53 the structural properties 29:53 the structural properties of whey protein and wheat starch composite systems 29:104 The influence of chitosan on the structural properties of whey protein and wheat starch composite systems. 25722139 3 18 theme developed 738:746 arg1 gels 748:751 thermally developed gels 728:751 thermally developed gels 728:751 Further information regarding the molecular interactions of components and overall network morphology of the systems was revealed through subjecting thermally developed gels to large deformation compression testing, scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. 25722139 6 19 theme composite 1252:1260 arg1 materials 1262:1270 composite materials 1252:1270 composite materials 1252:1270 However, at higher additions of the polysaccharide, a recovery in the stored energy of composite materials was apparent, as recorded in the thermomechanical protocol. 25722139 2 20 theme biopolymers 380:390 arg1 behavior 362:369 the thermal behavior 350:369 the thermal behavior of these biopolymers during controlled heating from 25 up to 95 °C and subsequent cooling to 5 °C 350:467 Analysis involved monitoring the thermal behavior of these biopolymers during controlled heating from 25 up to 95 °C and subsequent cooling to 5 °C under small deformation dynamic oscillation in-shear and micro differential scanning calorimetry experiments. 25722139 1 21 theme chitosan 160:167 arg1 properties 122:131 The structural properties 107:131 The structural properties of medium molecular weight chitosan (CHT), whey protein isolate (WPI) and native wheat starch (WS) from low- to intermediate-solid single systems and composite matrices 107:300 The structural properties of medium molecular weight chitosan (CHT), whey protein isolate (WPI) and native wheat starch (WS) from low- to intermediate-solid single systems and composite matrices were investigated. 25722139 0 22 theme composite 88:96 arg1 systems 98:104 wheat starch composite systems 75:104 wheat starch composite systems 75:104 The influence of chitosan on the structural properties of whey protein and wheat starch composite systems. 25722139 2 23 from °C 435:436 arg1 heating 410:416 controlled heating 399:416 controlled heating from 25 up to 95 °C and subsequent cooling to 5 °C 399:467 Analysis involved monitoring the thermal behavior of these biopolymers during controlled heating from 25 up to 95 °C and subsequent cooling to 5 °C under small deformation dynamic oscillation in-shear and micro differential scanning calorimetry experiments. 25722139 6 24 from additions 1184:1192 arg1 recovery 1219:1226 a recovery 1217:1226 a recovery in the stored energy of composite materials 1217:1270 However, at higher additions of the polysaccharide, a recovery in the stored energy of composite materials was apparent, as recorded in the thermomechanical protocol. 25722139 6 24 from additions 1184:1192 arg1 apparent 1276:1283 apparent 1276:1283 apparent 1276:1283 However, at higher additions of the polysaccharide, a recovery in the stored energy of composite materials was apparent, as recorded in the thermomechanical protocol. 25722139 2 25 theme thermal 354:360 arg1 behavior 362:369 the thermal behavior 350:369 the thermal behavior of these biopolymers during controlled heating from 25 up to 95 °C and subsequent cooling to 5 °C 350:467 Analysis involved monitoring the thermal behavior of these biopolymers during controlled heating from 25 up to 95 °C and subsequent cooling to 5 °C under small deformation dynamic oscillation in-shear and micro differential scanning calorimetry experiments. 25722139 5 26 from reduction 1120:1128 arg1 firmness 1137:1144 the firmness 1133:1144 the firmness of the gel matrix 1133:1162 In the tertiary system, the presence of low levels of starch contributed to a reduction in the firmness of the gel matrix. 25722139 4 27 theme WPI 908:910 arg1 networks 912:919 WPI networks 908:919 WPI networks 908:919 Our study found a significant change in the structure of WPI networks upon incorporation of CHT in preparations due to electrostatic forces developing between the two polymeric constituents. 25722139 3 28 theme large 756:760 arg1 testing 786:792 large deformation compression testing 756:792 large deformation compression testing 756:792 Further information regarding the molecular interactions of components and overall network morphology of the systems was revealed through subjecting thermally developed gels to large deformation compression testing, scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. 25722139 4 29 theme significant 869:879 arg1 change 881:886 a significant change 867:886 a significant change in the structure of WPI networks 867:919 Our study found a significant change in the structure of WPI networks upon incorporation of CHT in preparations due to electrostatic forces developing between the two polymeric constituents. 25722139 0 30 theme chitosan 17:24 arg1 influence 4:12 The influence 0:12 The influence of chitosan on the structural properties of whey protein and wheat starch composite systems. 0:105 The influence of chitosan on the structural properties of whey protein and wheat starch composite systems. 25722139 3 31 theme deformation 762:772 arg1 testing 786:792 large deformation compression testing 756:792 large deformation compression testing 756:792 Further information regarding the molecular interactions of components and overall network morphology of the systems was revealed through subjecting thermally developed gels to large deformation compression testing, scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. 25722139 4 32 theme CHT 943:945 arg1 incorporation 926:938 incorporation 926:938 incorporation of CHT in preparations due to electrostatic forces developing between the two polymeric constituents 926:1039 Our study found a significant change in the structure of WPI networks upon incorporation of CHT in preparations due to electrostatic forces developing between the two polymeric constituents. 25722139 2 33 theme small 475:479 arg1 in-shear 513:520 small deformation dynamic oscillation in-shear 475:520 small deformation dynamic oscillation in-shear 475:520 Analysis involved monitoring the thermal behavior of these biopolymers during controlled heating from 25 up to 95 °C and subsequent cooling to 5 °C under small deformation dynamic oscillation in-shear and micro differential scanning calorimetry experiments. 25722139 2 34 theme controlled 399:408 arg1 heating 410:416 controlled heating 399:416 controlled heating from 25 up to 95 °C and subsequent cooling to 5 °C 399:467 Analysis involved monitoring the thermal behavior of these biopolymers during controlled heating from 25 up to 95 °C and subsequent cooling to 5 °C under small deformation dynamic oscillation in-shear and micro differential scanning calorimetry experiments. 25722139 2 35 theme oscillation 501:511 arg1 in-shear 513:520 small deformation dynamic oscillation in-shear 475:520 small deformation dynamic oscillation in-shear 475:520 Analysis involved monitoring the thermal behavior of these biopolymers during controlled heating from 25 up to 95 °C and subsequent cooling to 5 °C under small deformation dynamic oscillation in-shear and micro differential scanning calorimetry experiments. 25722139 3 36 theme components 639:648 arg1 interactions 623:634 the molecular interactions 609:634 the molecular interactions of components 609:648 Further information regarding the molecular interactions of components and overall network morphology of the systems was revealed through subjecting thermally developed gels to large deformation compression testing, scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. 25722139 1 37 theme whey 176:179 arg1 chitosan 160:167 medium molecular weight chitosan 136:167 medium molecular weight chitosan (CHT) 136:173 The structural properties of medium molecular weight chitosan (CHT), whey protein isolate (WPI) and native wheat starch (WS) from low- to intermediate-solid single systems and composite matrices were investigated. 25722139 1 37 theme whey 176:179 arg1 WPI 198:200 WPI 198:200 WPI 198:200 The structural properties of medium molecular weight chitosan (CHT), whey protein isolate (WPI) and native wheat starch (WS) from low- to intermediate-solid single systems and composite matrices were investigated. 25722139 1 37 theme whey 176:179 arg1 isolate 189:195 whey protein isolate 176:195 whey protein isolate (WPI) 176:201 The structural properties of medium molecular weight chitosan (CHT), whey protein isolate (WPI) and native wheat starch (WS) from low- to intermediate-solid single systems and composite matrices were investigated. 25722139 1 38 from matrices 293:300 arg1 chitosan 160:167 medium molecular weight chitosan 136:167 medium molecular weight chitosan (CHT) 136:173 The structural properties of medium molecular weight chitosan (CHT), whey protein isolate (WPI) and native wheat starch (WS) from low- to intermediate-solid single systems and composite matrices were investigated. 25722139 1 38 from matrices 293:300 arg1 WS 228:229 WS 228:229 WS 228:229 The structural properties of medium molecular weight chitosan (CHT), whey protein isolate (WPI) and native wheat starch (WS) from low- to intermediate-solid single systems and composite matrices were investigated. 25722139 1 38 from matrices 293:300 arg1 starch 220:225 native wheat starch 207:225 native wheat starch (WS) 207:230 The structural properties of medium molecular weight chitosan (CHT), whey protein isolate (WPI) and native wheat starch (WS) from low- to intermediate-solid single systems and composite matrices were investigated. 25722139 1 38 from matrices 293:300 arg1 WPI 198:200 WPI 198:200 WPI 198:200 The structural properties of medium molecular weight chitosan (CHT), whey protein isolate (WPI) and native wheat starch (WS) from low- to intermediate-solid single systems and composite matrices were investigated. 25722139 1 38 from matrices 293:300 arg1 isolate 189:195 whey protein isolate 176:195 whey protein isolate (WPI) 176:201 The structural properties of medium molecular weight chitosan (CHT), whey protein isolate (WPI) and native wheat starch (WS) from low- to intermediate-solid single systems and composite matrices were investigated. 25722139 1 39 theme low- 237:240 arg1 matrices 293:300 low- to intermediate-solid single systems and composite matrices 237:300 low- to intermediate-solid single systems and composite matrices 237:300 The structural properties of medium molecular weight chitosan (CHT), whey protein isolate (WPI) and native wheat starch (WS) from low- to intermediate-solid single systems and composite matrices were investigated. 25722139 2 40 theme dynamic 493:499 arg1 in-shear 513:520 small deformation dynamic oscillation in-shear 475:520 small deformation dynamic oscillation in-shear 475:520 Analysis involved monitoring the thermal behavior of these biopolymers during controlled heating from 25 up to 95 °C and subsequent cooling to 5 °C under small deformation dynamic oscillation in-shear and micro differential scanning calorimetry experiments. 25722139 1 41 theme protein 181:187 arg1 chitosan 160:167 medium molecular weight chitosan 136:167 medium molecular weight chitosan (CHT) 136:173 The structural properties of medium molecular weight chitosan (CHT), whey protein isolate (WPI) and native wheat starch (WS) from low- to intermediate-solid single systems and composite matrices were investigated. 25722139 1 41 theme protein 181:187 arg1 WPI 198:200 WPI 198:200 WPI 198:200 The structural properties of medium molecular weight chitosan (CHT), whey protein isolate (WPI) and native wheat starch (WS) from low- to intermediate-solid single systems and composite matrices were investigated. 25722139 1 41 theme protein 181:187 arg1 isolate 189:195 whey protein isolate 176:195 whey protein isolate (WPI) 176:201 The structural properties of medium molecular weight chitosan (CHT), whey protein isolate (WPI) and native wheat starch (WS) from low- to intermediate-solid single systems and composite matrices were investigated. 25722139 4 42 theme polymeric 1018:1026 arg1 constituents 1028:1039 the two polymeric constituents 1010:1039 the two polymeric constituents 1010:1039 Our study found a significant change in the structure of WPI networks upon incorporation of CHT in preparations due to electrostatic forces developing between the two polymeric constituents. 25722139 5 43 theme gel 1153:1155 arg1 matrix 1157:1162 the gel matrix 1149:1162 the gel matrix 1149:1162 In the tertiary system, the presence of low levels of starch contributed to a reduction in the firmness of the gel matrix. 25722139 2 44 theme deformation 481:491 arg1 in-shear 513:520 small deformation dynamic oscillation in-shear 475:520 small deformation dynamic oscillation in-shear 475:520 Analysis involved monitoring the thermal behavior of these biopolymers during controlled heating from 25 up to 95 °C and subsequent cooling to 5 °C under small deformation dynamic oscillation in-shear and micro differential scanning calorimetry experiments. 25722139 3 45 theme compression 774:784 arg1 testing 786:792 large deformation compression testing 756:792 large deformation compression testing 756:792 Further information regarding the molecular interactions of components and overall network morphology of the systems was revealed through subjecting thermally developed gels to large deformation compression testing, scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. 25722139 3 46 theme Further 579:585 arg1 information 587:597 Further information 579:597 Further information regarding the molecular interactions of components 579:648 Further information regarding the molecular interactions of components and overall network morphology of the systems was revealed through subjecting thermally developed gels to large deformation compression testing, scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. 25722139 4 47 theme electrostatic 970:982 arg1 forces 984:989 electrostatic forces 970:989 electrostatic forces developing between the two polymeric constituents 970:1039 Our study found a significant change in the structure of WPI networks upon incorporation of CHT in preparations due to electrostatic forces developing between the two polymeric constituents. 25722139 5 48 theme levels 1086:1091 arg1 presence 1070:1077 the presence 1066:1077 the presence of low levels of starch 1066:1101 In the tertiary system, the presence of low levels of starch contributed to a reduction in the firmness of the gel matrix. 25722139 1 49 theme intermediate-solid 245:262 arg1 systems 271:277 intermediate-solid single systems 245:277 intermediate-solid single systems 245:277 The structural properties of medium molecular weight chitosan (CHT), whey protein isolate (WPI) and native wheat starch (WS) from low- to intermediate-solid single systems and composite matrices were investigated. 25722139 2 50 theme scanning 545:552 arg1 calorimetry 554:564 micro differential scanning calorimetry 526:564 micro differential scanning calorimetry 526:564 Analysis involved monitoring the thermal behavior of these biopolymers during controlled heating from 25 up to 95 °C and subsequent cooling to 5 °C under small deformation dynamic oscillation in-shear and micro differential scanning calorimetry experiments. 25722139 2 51 from cooling 453:459 arg1 heating 410:416 controlled heating 399:416 controlled heating from 25 up to 95 °C and subsequent cooling to 5 °C 399:467 Analysis involved monitoring the thermal behavior of these biopolymers during controlled heating from 25 up to 95 °C and subsequent cooling to 5 °C under small deformation dynamic oscillation in-shear and micro differential scanning calorimetry experiments. 25722139 0 52 theme structural 33:42 arg1 properties 44:53 the structural properties 29:53 the structural properties of whey protein and wheat starch composite systems 29:104 The influence of chitosan on the structural properties of whey protein and wheat starch composite systems. 25722139 1 53 theme single 264:269 arg1 systems 271:277 intermediate-solid single systems 245:277 intermediate-solid single systems 245:277 The structural properties of medium molecular weight chitosan (CHT), whey protein isolate (WPI) and native wheat starch (WS) from low- to intermediate-solid single systems and composite matrices were investigated. 25722139 2 54 theme differential 532:543 arg1 calorimetry 554:564 micro differential scanning calorimetry 526:564 micro differential scanning calorimetry 526:564 Analysis involved monitoring the thermal behavior of these biopolymers during controlled heating from 25 up to 95 °C and subsequent cooling to 5 °C under small deformation dynamic oscillation in-shear and micro differential scanning calorimetry experiments. 25722139 4 55 from incorporation 926:938 arg1 preparations 950:961 preparations 950:961 preparations due to electrostatic forces developing between the two polymeric constituents 950:1039 Our study found a significant change in the structure of WPI networks upon incorporation of CHT in preparations due to electrostatic forces developing between the two polymeric constituents. 25722139 5 56 theme starch 1096:1101 arg1 levels 1086:1091 low levels 1082:1091 low levels of starch 1082:1101 In the tertiary system, the presence of low levels of starch contributed to a reduction in the firmness of the gel matrix. 25722139 6 57 from recovery 1219:1226 arg1 energy 1242:1247 the stored energy 1231:1247 the stored energy of composite materials 1231:1270 However, at higher additions of the polysaccharide, a recovery in the stored energy of composite materials was apparent, as recorded in the thermomechanical protocol. 25722139 5 58 theme low 1082:1084 arg1 levels 1086:1091 low levels 1082:1091 low levels of starch 1082:1101 In the tertiary system, the presence of low levels of starch contributed to a reduction in the firmness of the gel matrix. 25722139 2 59 theme micro 526:530 arg1 calorimetry 554:564 micro differential scanning calorimetry 526:564 micro differential scanning calorimetry 526:564 Analysis involved monitoring the thermal behavior of these biopolymers during controlled heating from 25 up to 95 °C and subsequent cooling to 5 °C under small deformation dynamic oscillation in-shear and micro differential scanning calorimetry experiments. 25722139 5 60 theme tertiary 1049:1056 arg1 system 1058:1063 the tertiary system 1045:1063 the tertiary system 1045:1063 In the tertiary system, the presence of low levels of starch contributed to a reduction in the firmness of the gel matrix. 25722139 1 61 theme structural 111:120 arg1 properties 122:131 The structural properties 107:131 The structural properties of medium molecular weight chitosan (CHT), whey protein isolate (WPI) and native wheat starch (WS) from low- to intermediate-solid single systems and composite matrices 107:300 The structural properties of medium molecular weight chitosan (CHT), whey protein isolate (WPI) and native wheat starch (WS) from low- to intermediate-solid single systems and composite matrices were investigated. 25722139 6 62 theme thermomechanical 1305:1320 arg1 protocol 1322:1329 the thermomechanical protocol 1301:1329 the thermomechanical protocol 1301:1329 However, at higher additions of the polysaccharide, a recovery in the stored energy of composite materials was apparent, as recorded in the thermomechanical protocol. 25722139 3 63 theme overall 654:660 arg1 morphology 670:679 overall network morphology 654:679 overall network morphology of the systems 654:694 Further information regarding the molecular interactions of components and overall network morphology of the systems was revealed through subjecting thermally developed gels to large deformation compression testing, scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. 25722139 3 64 theme molecular 613:621 arg1 interactions 623:634 the molecular interactions 609:634 the molecular interactions of components 609:648 Further information regarding the molecular interactions of components and overall network morphology of the systems was revealed through subjecting thermally developed gels to large deformation compression testing, scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. 25722139 4 65 theme due 963:965 arg1 preparations 950:961 preparations 950:961 preparations due to electrostatic forces developing between the two polymeric constituents 950:1039 Our study found a significant change in the structure of WPI networks upon incorporation of CHT in preparations due to electrostatic forces developing between the two polymeric constituents. 25722139 6 66 theme polysaccharide 1201:1214 arg1 additions 1184:1192 higher additions 1177:1192 higher additions of the polysaccharide 1177:1214 However, at higher additions of the polysaccharide, a recovery in the stored energy of composite materials was apparent, as recorded in the thermomechanical protocol. 25722139 3 67 theme infrared 828:835 arg1 spectroscopy 837:848 infrared spectroscopy 828:848 infrared spectroscopy 828:848 Further information regarding the molecular interactions of components and overall network morphology of the systems was revealed through subjecting thermally developed gels to large deformation compression testing, scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. 25722139 0 68 theme whey 58:61 arg1 protein 63:69 whey protein 58:69 whey protein 58:69 The influence of chitosan on the structural properties of whey protein and wheat starch composite systems. 25722139 3 69 theme network 662:668 arg1 morphology 670:679 overall network morphology 654:679 overall network morphology of the systems 654:694 Further information regarding the molecular interactions of components and overall network morphology of the systems was revealed through subjecting thermally developed gels to large deformation compression testing, scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. 25722139 3 70 theme electron 804:811 arg1 microscopy 813:822 scanning electron microscopy 795:822 scanning electron microscopy 795:822 Further information regarding the molecular interactions of components and overall network morphology of the systems was revealed through subjecting thermally developed gels to large deformation compression testing, scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. 25722139 5 71 theme matrix 1157:1162 arg1 firmness 1137:1144 the firmness 1133:1144 the firmness of the gel matrix 1133:1162 In the tertiary system, the presence of low levels of starch contributed to a reduction in the firmness of the gel matrix. 25722139 6 72 theme stored 1235:1240 arg1 energy 1242:1247 the stored energy 1231:1247 the stored energy of composite materials 1231:1270 However, at higher additions of the polysaccharide, a recovery in the stored energy of composite materials was apparent, as recorded in the thermomechanical protocol. 25722139 1 73 theme medium 136:141 arg1 weight 153:158 medium molecular weight 136:158 medium molecular weight chitosan (CHT) 136:173 The structural properties of medium molecular weight chitosan (CHT), whey protein isolate (WPI) and native wheat starch (WS) from low- to intermediate-solid single systems and composite matrices were investigated. 25722139 3 74 theme scanning 795:802 arg1 microscopy 813:822 scanning electron microscopy 795:822 scanning electron microscopy 795:822 Further information regarding the molecular interactions of components and overall network morphology of the systems was revealed through subjecting thermally developed gels to large deformation compression testing, scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. 27487264 0 0 theme spheronization 84:97 arg1 technique 99:107 the extrusion spheronization technique 70:107 the extrusion spheronization technique 70:107 Preparation of benznidazole pellets for immediate drug delivery using the extrusion spheronization technique. 27487264 10 1 theme present 1611:1617 arg1 pellets 1623:1629 The present BNZ pellets 1607:1629 The present BNZ pellets 1607:1629 The present BNZ pellets are versatile alternatives to treat Chagas disease and provide insights into the preparation of multidrug systems. 27487264 10 1 theme present 1611:1617 arg1 alternatives 1645:1656 versatile alternatives 1635:1656 versatile alternatives to treat Chagas disease 1635:1680 The present BNZ pellets are versatile alternatives to treat Chagas disease and provide insights into the preparation of multidrug systems. 27487264 6 2 theme polyethylene 1089:1100 arg1 glycolate 1124:1132 sodium starch glycolate 1110:1132 sodium starch glycolate 1110:1132 Subsequently, formulations were elaborated according to a simplex lattice experimental design using polyethylene glycol, sodium starch glycolate and sodium croscarmellose as disintegrating agents. 27487264 6 2 theme polyethylene 1089:1100 arg1 croscarmellose 1145:1158 sodium croscarmellose 1138:1158 sodium croscarmellose 1138:1158 Subsequently, formulations were elaborated according to a simplex lattice experimental design using polyethylene glycol, sodium starch glycolate and sodium croscarmellose as disintegrating agents. 27487264 6 2 theme polyethylene 1089:1100 arg1 agents 1178:1183 disintegrating agents 1163:1183 disintegrating agents 1163:1183 Subsequently, formulations were elaborated according to a simplex lattice experimental design using polyethylene glycol, sodium starch glycolate and sodium croscarmellose as disintegrating agents. 27487264 6 2 theme polyethylene 1089:1100 arg1 glycol 1102:1107 polyethylene glycol 1089:1107 polyethylene glycol 1089:1107 Subsequently, formulations were elaborated according to a simplex lattice experimental design using polyethylene glycol, sodium starch glycolate and sodium croscarmellose as disintegrating agents. 27487264 0 3 theme extrusion 74:82 arg1 technique 99:107 the extrusion spheronization technique 70:107 the extrusion spheronization technique 70:107 Preparation of benznidazole pellets for immediate drug delivery using the extrusion spheronization technique. 27487264 7 4 theme appropriate 1227:1237 arg1 properties 1325:1334 excellent flow properties 1310:1334 excellent flow properties 1310:1334 In these experiments, BNZ pellets showed appropriate physicochemical characteristics, including high drug load capacity and excellent flow properties. 27487264 7 4 theme appropriate 1227:1237 arg1 characteristics 1255:1269 appropriate physicochemical characteristics 1227:1269 appropriate physicochemical characteristics 1227:1269 In these experiments, BNZ pellets showed appropriate physicochemical characteristics, including high drug load capacity and excellent flow properties. 27487264 7 4 theme appropriate 1227:1237 arg1 capacity 1297:1304 high drug load capacity 1282:1304 high drug load capacity 1282:1304 In these experiments, BNZ pellets showed appropriate physicochemical characteristics, including high drug load capacity and excellent flow properties. 27487264 8 5 theme mixture 1341:1347 arg1 design 1362:1367 The mixture experimental design 1337:1367 The mixture experimental design 1337:1367 The mixture experimental design allowed identification of adequate compositions of disintegrating agents and achieved rapid disintegration and dissolution of pellets. 27487264 2 6 theme BNZ 376:378 arg1 dissolution 361:371 slow dissolution 356:371 slow dissolution of BNZ and dose adjustment difficulties 356:411 Possible incompatibilities between these drugs, slow dissolution of BNZ and dose adjustment difficulties are technological obstacles to the development of multidrug formulations. 27487264 2 6 theme BNZ 376:378 arg1 drugs 349:353 these drugs 343:353 these drugs 343:353 Possible incompatibilities between these drugs, slow dissolution of BNZ and dose adjustment difficulties are technological obstacles to the development of multidrug formulations. 27487264 10 7 theme multidrug 1727:1735 arg1 systems 1737:1743 multidrug systems 1727:1743 multidrug systems 1727:1743 The present BNZ pellets are versatile alternatives to treat Chagas disease and provide insights into the preparation of multidrug systems. 27487264 9 8 theme 5.0 1592:1594 arg1 % 1595:1595 % 1595:1595 % 1595:1595 Optimum performance was achieved using polyethylene glycol and sodium croscarmellose at 5.0% w/w each. 27487264 7 9 theme flow 1320:1323 arg1 properties 1325:1334 excellent flow properties 1310:1334 excellent flow properties 1310:1334 In these experiments, BNZ pellets showed appropriate physicochemical characteristics, including high drug load capacity and excellent flow properties. 27487264 7 10 theme BNZ 1208:1210 arg1 pellets 1212:1218 BNZ pellets 1208:1218 BNZ pellets 1208:1218 In these experiments, BNZ pellets showed appropriate physicochemical characteristics, including high drug load capacity and excellent flow properties. 27487264 2 11 theme Possible 308:315 arg1 obstacles 431:439 technological obstacles 417:439 technological obstacles to the development of multidrug formulations 417:484 Possible incompatibilities between these drugs, slow dissolution of BNZ and dose adjustment difficulties are technological obstacles to the development of multidrug formulations. 27487264 2 11 theme Possible 308:315 arg1 incompatibilities 317:333 Possible incompatibilities 308:333 Possible incompatibilities between these drugs, slow dissolution of BNZ and dose adjustment difficulties 308:411 Possible incompatibilities between these drugs, slow dissolution of BNZ and dose adjustment difficulties are technological obstacles to the development of multidrug formulations. 27487264 4 12 theme microcrystalline 805:820 arg1 excipients 742:751 selected excipients 733:751 selected excipients (polyethylene glycol 6000, sodium starch glycolate, microcrystalline cellulose and sodium croscarmellose) 733:857 Preformulation studies were then performed using thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy and compatibility between the drug and selected excipients (polyethylene glycol 6000, sodium starch glycolate, microcrystalline cellulose and sodium croscarmellose) was investigated. 27487264 4 12 theme microcrystalline 805:820 arg1 cellulose 822:830 microcrystalline cellulose 805:830 microcrystalline cellulose 805:830 Preformulation studies were then performed using thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy and compatibility between the drug and selected excipients (polyethylene glycol 6000, sodium starch glycolate, microcrystalline cellulose and sodium croscarmellose) was investigated. 27487264 7 13 theme excellent 1310:1318 arg1 properties 1325:1334 excellent flow properties 1310:1334 excellent flow properties 1310:1334 In these experiments, BNZ pellets showed appropriate physicochemical characteristics, including high drug load capacity and excellent flow properties. 27487264 3 14 theme drug 587:590 arg1 delivery 592:599 immediate drug delivery 577:599 immediate drug delivery 577:599 Thus, in the present study, BNZ pellets were developed using extrusion spheronization for immediate drug delivery. 27487264 2 15 dep BNZ 376:378 arg1 difficulties 400:411 difficulties 400:411 difficulties 400:411 Possible incompatibilities between these drugs, slow dissolution of BNZ and dose adjustment difficulties are technological obstacles to the development of multidrug formulations. 27487264 4 16 theme sodium 780:785 arg1 glycolate 794:802 sodium starch glycolate 780:802 sodium starch glycolate 780:802 Preformulation studies were then performed using thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy and compatibility between the drug and selected excipients (polyethylene glycol 6000, sodium starch glycolate, microcrystalline cellulose and sodium croscarmellose) was investigated. 27487264 4 16 theme sodium 780:785 arg1 excipients 742:751 selected excipients 733:751 selected excipients (polyethylene glycol 6000, sodium starch glycolate, microcrystalline cellulose and sodium croscarmellose) 733:857 Preformulation studies were then performed using thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy and compatibility between the drug and selected excipients (polyethylene glycol 6000, sodium starch glycolate, microcrystalline cellulose and sodium croscarmellose) was investigated. 27487264 10 17 theme systems 1737:1743 arg1 preparation 1712:1722 the preparation 1708:1722 the preparation of multidrug systems 1708:1743 The present BNZ pellets are versatile alternatives to treat Chagas disease and provide insights into the preparation of multidrug systems. 27487264 9 18 theme sodium 1567:1572 arg1 croscarmellose 1574:1587 sodium croscarmellose 1567:1587 sodium croscarmellose 1567:1587 Optimum performance was achieved using polyethylene glycol and sodium croscarmellose at 5.0% w/w each. 27487264 7 19 theme drug 1287:1290 arg1 capacity 1297:1304 high drug load capacity 1282:1304 high drug load capacity 1282:1304 In these experiments, BNZ pellets showed appropriate physicochemical characteristics, including high drug load capacity and excellent flow properties. 27487264 3 20 theme present 500:506 arg1 study 508:512 the present study 496:512 the present study 496:512 Thus, in the present study, BNZ pellets were developed using extrusion spheronization for immediate drug delivery. 27487264 9 21 theme w/w 1597:1599 arg1 % 1595:1595 % 1595:1595 % 1595:1595 Optimum performance was achieved using polyethylene glycol and sodium croscarmellose at 5.0% w/w each. 27487264 4 22 theme selected 733:740 arg1 excipients 742:751 selected excipients 733:751 selected excipients (polyethylene glycol 6000, sodium starch glycolate, microcrystalline cellulose and sodium croscarmellose) 733:857 Preformulation studies were then performed using thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy and compatibility between the drug and selected excipients (polyethylene glycol 6000, sodium starch glycolate, microcrystalline cellulose and sodium croscarmellose) was investigated. 27487264 4 22 theme selected 733:740 arg1 glycol 767:772 polyethylene glycol 6000 754:777 polyethylene glycol 6000 754:777 Preformulation studies were then performed using thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy and compatibility between the drug and selected excipients (polyethylene glycol 6000, sodium starch glycolate, microcrystalline cellulose and sodium croscarmellose) was investigated. 27487264 4 22 theme selected 733:740 arg1 croscarmellose 843:856 sodium croscarmellose 836:856 sodium croscarmellose 836:856 Preformulation studies were then performed using thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy and compatibility between the drug and selected excipients (polyethylene glycol 6000, sodium starch glycolate, microcrystalline cellulose and sodium croscarmellose) was investigated. 27487264 4 22 theme selected 733:740 arg1 glycolate 794:802 sodium starch glycolate 780:802 sodium starch glycolate 780:802 Preformulation studies were then performed using thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy and compatibility between the drug and selected excipients (polyethylene glycol 6000, sodium starch glycolate, microcrystalline cellulose and sodium croscarmellose) was investigated. 27487264 4 22 theme selected 733:740 arg1 cellulose 822:830 microcrystalline cellulose 805:830 microcrystalline cellulose 805:830 Preformulation studies were then performed using thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy and compatibility between the drug and selected excipients (polyethylene glycol 6000, sodium starch glycolate, microcrystalline cellulose and sodium croscarmellose) was investigated. 27487264 6 23 theme sodium 1138:1143 arg1 glycolate 1124:1132 sodium starch glycolate 1110:1132 sodium starch glycolate 1110:1132 Subsequently, formulations were elaborated according to a simplex lattice experimental design using polyethylene glycol, sodium starch glycolate and sodium croscarmellose as disintegrating agents. 27487264 6 23 theme sodium 1138:1143 arg1 croscarmellose 1145:1158 sodium croscarmellose 1138:1158 sodium croscarmellose 1138:1158 Subsequently, formulations were elaborated according to a simplex lattice experimental design using polyethylene glycol, sodium starch glycolate and sodium croscarmellose as disintegrating agents. 27487264 6 23 theme sodium 1138:1143 arg1 agents 1178:1183 disintegrating agents 1163:1183 disintegrating agents 1163:1183 Subsequently, formulations were elaborated according to a simplex lattice experimental design using polyethylene glycol, sodium starch glycolate and sodium croscarmellose as disintegrating agents. 27487264 6 23 theme sodium 1138:1143 arg1 glycol 1102:1107 polyethylene glycol 1089:1107 polyethylene glycol 1089:1107 Subsequently, formulations were elaborated according to a simplex lattice experimental design using polyethylene glycol, sodium starch glycolate and sodium croscarmellose as disintegrating agents. 27487264 6 24 theme experimental 1063:1074 arg1 design 1076:1081 a simplex lattice experimental design 1045:1081 a simplex lattice experimental design using polyethylene glycol, sodium starch glycolate and sodium croscarmellose as disintegrating agents 1045:1183 Subsequently, formulations were elaborated according to a simplex lattice experimental design using polyethylene glycol, sodium starch glycolate and sodium croscarmellose as disintegrating agents. 27487264 5 25 theme thermal 973:979 arg1 stress 981:986 thermal stress 973:986 thermal stress 973:986 No chemical decomposition of BNZ was observed, even in samples submitted to wet granulation and thermal stress. 27487264 4 26 theme thermal 651:657 arg1 analysis 659:666 thermal analysis 651:666 thermal analysis 651:666 Preformulation studies were then performed using thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy and compatibility between the drug and selected excipients (polyethylene glycol 6000, sodium starch glycolate, microcrystalline cellulose and sodium croscarmellose) was investigated. 27487264 2 27 theme technological 417:429 arg1 obstacles 431:439 technological obstacles 417:439 technological obstacles to the development of multidrug formulations 417:484 Possible incompatibilities between these drugs, slow dissolution of BNZ and dose adjustment difficulties are technological obstacles to the development of multidrug formulations. 27487264 2 27 theme technological 417:429 arg1 incompatibilities 317:333 Possible incompatibilities 308:333 Possible incompatibilities between these drugs, slow dissolution of BNZ and dose adjustment difficulties 308:411 Possible incompatibilities between these drugs, slow dissolution of BNZ and dose adjustment difficulties are technological obstacles to the development of multidrug formulations. 27487264 5 28 theme chemical 880:887 arg1 decomposition 889:901 No chemical decomposition 877:901 No chemical decomposition of BNZ 877:908 No chemical decomposition of BNZ was observed, even in samples submitted to wet granulation and thermal stress. 27487264 3 29 theme extrusion 548:556 arg1 spheronization 558:571 extrusion spheronization 548:571 extrusion spheronization for immediate drug delivery 548:599 Thus, in the present study, BNZ pellets were developed using extrusion spheronization for immediate drug delivery. 27487264 6 30 theme lattice 1055:1061 arg1 design 1076:1081 a simplex lattice experimental design 1045:1081 a simplex lattice experimental design using polyethylene glycol, sodium starch glycolate and sodium croscarmellose as disintegrating agents 1045:1183 Subsequently, formulations were elaborated according to a simplex lattice experimental design using polyethylene glycol, sodium starch glycolate and sodium croscarmellose as disintegrating agents. 27487264 7 31 theme load 1292:1295 arg1 capacity 1297:1304 high drug load capacity 1282:1304 high drug load capacity 1282:1304 In these experiments, BNZ pellets showed appropriate physicochemical characteristics, including high drug load capacity and excellent flow properties. 27487264 1 32 theme drugs 191:195 arg1 combinations 175:186 combinations 175:186 combinations of drugs that act synergistically against infection, predominantly including benznidazole (BNZ) and azoles derivatives 175:305 Recent advances in the treatment of Chagas disease have followed combinations of drugs that act synergistically against infection, predominantly including benznidazole (BNZ) and azoles derivatives. 27487264 1 32 theme drugs 191:195 arg1 benznidazole 265:276 benznidazole 265:276 benznidazole (BNZ) 265:282 Recent advances in the treatment of Chagas disease have followed combinations of drugs that act synergistically against infection, predominantly including benznidazole (BNZ) and azoles derivatives. 27487264 1 32 theme drugs 191:195 arg1 derivatives 295:305 azoles derivatives 288:305 azoles derivatives 288:305 Recent advances in the treatment of Chagas disease have followed combinations of drugs that act synergistically against infection, predominantly including benznidazole (BNZ) and azoles derivatives. 27487264 1 33 theme azoles 288:293 arg1 derivatives 295:305 azoles derivatives 288:305 azoles derivatives 288:305 Recent advances in the treatment of Chagas disease have followed combinations of drugs that act synergistically against infection, predominantly including benznidazole (BNZ) and azoles derivatives. 27487264 10 34 theme BNZ 1619:1621 arg1 pellets 1623:1629 The present BNZ pellets 1607:1629 The present BNZ pellets 1607:1629 The present BNZ pellets are versatile alternatives to treat Chagas disease and provide insights into the preparation of multidrug systems. 27487264 10 34 theme BNZ 1619:1621 arg1 alternatives 1645:1656 versatile alternatives 1635:1656 versatile alternatives to treat Chagas disease 1635:1680 The present BNZ pellets are versatile alternatives to treat Chagas disease and provide insights into the preparation of multidrug systems. 27487264 9 35 dep % 1595:1595 arg1 each 1601:1604 each 1601:1604 each 1601:1604 Optimum performance was achieved using polyethylene glycol and sodium croscarmellose at 5.0% w/w each. 27487264 4 36 theme sodium 836:841 arg1 excipients 742:751 selected excipients 733:751 selected excipients (polyethylene glycol 6000, sodium starch glycolate, microcrystalline cellulose and sodium croscarmellose) 733:857 Preformulation studies were then performed using thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy and compatibility between the drug and selected excipients (polyethylene glycol 6000, sodium starch glycolate, microcrystalline cellulose and sodium croscarmellose) was investigated. 27487264 4 36 theme sodium 836:841 arg1 croscarmellose 843:856 sodium croscarmellose 836:856 sodium croscarmellose 836:856 Preformulation studies were then performed using thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy and compatibility between the drug and selected excipients (polyethylene glycol 6000, sodium starch glycolate, microcrystalline cellulose and sodium croscarmellose) was investigated. 27487264 2 37 theme formulations 473:484 arg1 development 448:458 the development 444:458 the development of multidrug formulations 444:484 Possible incompatibilities between these drugs, slow dissolution of BNZ and dose adjustment difficulties are technological obstacles to the development of multidrug formulations. 27487264 6 38 theme simplex 1047:1053 arg1 design 1076:1081 a simplex lattice experimental design 1045:1081 a simplex lattice experimental design using polyethylene glycol, sodium starch glycolate and sodium croscarmellose as disintegrating agents 1045:1183 Subsequently, formulations were elaborated according to a simplex lattice experimental design using polyethylene glycol, sodium starch glycolate and sodium croscarmellose as disintegrating agents. 27487264 10 39 theme Chagas 1667:1672 arg1 disease 1674:1680 Chagas disease 1667:1680 Chagas disease 1667:1680 The present BNZ pellets are versatile alternatives to treat Chagas disease and provide insights into the preparation of multidrug systems. 27487264 1 40 theme Recent 110:115 arg1 advances 117:124 Recent advances 110:124 Recent advances in the treatment of Chagas disease 110:159 Recent advances in the treatment of Chagas disease have followed combinations of drugs that act synergistically against infection, predominantly including benznidazole (BNZ) and azoles derivatives. 27487264 8 41 theme compositions 1404:1415 arg1 identification 1377:1390 identification 1377:1390 identification of adequate compositions of disintegrating agents 1377:1440 The mixture experimental design allowed identification of adequate compositions of disintegrating agents and achieved rapid disintegration and dissolution of pellets. 27487264 2 42 theme multidrug 463:471 arg1 formulations 473:484 multidrug formulations 463:484 multidrug formulations 463:484 Possible incompatibilities between these drugs, slow dissolution of BNZ and dose adjustment difficulties are technological obstacles to the development of multidrug formulations. 27487264 9 43 theme Optimum 1504:1510 arg1 performance 1512:1522 Optimum performance 1504:1522 Optimum performance 1504:1522 Optimum performance was achieved using polyethylene glycol and sodium croscarmellose at 5.0% w/w each. 27487264 4 44 theme polyethylene 754:765 arg1 excipients 742:751 selected excipients 733:751 selected excipients (polyethylene glycol 6000, sodium starch glycolate, microcrystalline cellulose and sodium croscarmellose) 733:857 Preformulation studies were then performed using thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy and compatibility between the drug and selected excipients (polyethylene glycol 6000, sodium starch glycolate, microcrystalline cellulose and sodium croscarmellose) was investigated. 27487264 4 44 theme polyethylene 754:765 arg1 glycol 767:772 polyethylene glycol 6000 754:777 polyethylene glycol 6000 754:777 Preformulation studies were then performed using thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy and compatibility between the drug and selected excipients (polyethylene glycol 6000, sodium starch glycolate, microcrystalline cellulose and sodium croscarmellose) was investigated. 27487264 1 45 theme Chagas 146:151 arg1 disease 153:159 Chagas disease 146:159 Chagas disease 146:159 Recent advances in the treatment of Chagas disease have followed combinations of drugs that act synergistically against infection, predominantly including benznidazole (BNZ) and azoles derivatives. 27487264 0 46 theme immediate 40:48 arg1 delivery 55:62 immediate drug delivery 40:62 immediate drug delivery 40:62 Preparation of benznidazole pellets for immediate drug delivery using the extrusion spheronization technique. 27487264 4 47 theme Preformulation 602:615 arg1 studies 617:623 Preformulation studies 602:623 Preformulation studies 602:623 Preformulation studies were then performed using thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy and compatibility between the drug and selected excipients (polyethylene glycol 6000, sodium starch glycolate, microcrystalline cellulose and sodium croscarmellose) was investigated. 27487264 8 48 theme adequate 1395:1402 arg1 compositions 1404:1415 adequate compositions 1395:1415 adequate compositions of disintegrating agents 1395:1440 The mixture experimental design allowed identification of adequate compositions of disintegrating agents and achieved rapid disintegration and dissolution of pellets. 27487264 8 49 theme rapid 1455:1459 arg1 disintegration 1461:1474 rapid disintegration 1455:1474 rapid disintegration 1455:1474 The mixture experimental design allowed identification of adequate compositions of disintegrating agents and achieved rapid disintegration and dissolution of pellets. 27487264 8 50 theme disintegrating 1420:1433 arg1 agents 1435:1440 disintegrating agents 1420:1440 disintegrating agents 1420:1440 The mixture experimental design allowed identification of adequate compositions of disintegrating agents and achieved rapid disintegration and dissolution of pellets. 27487264 9 51 theme polyethylene 1543:1554 arg1 glycol 1556:1561 polyethylene glycol 1543:1561 polyethylene glycol 1543:1561 Optimum performance was achieved using polyethylene glycol and sodium croscarmellose at 5.0% w/w each. 27487264 0 52 theme pellets 28:34 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation of benznidazole pellets for immediate drug delivery 0:62 Preparation of benznidazole pellets for immediate drug delivery using the extrusion spheronization technique. 27487264 6 53 theme disintegrating 1163:1176 arg1 glycolate 1124:1132 sodium starch glycolate 1110:1132 sodium starch glycolate 1110:1132 Subsequently, formulations were elaborated according to a simplex lattice experimental design using polyethylene glycol, sodium starch glycolate and sodium croscarmellose as disintegrating agents. 27487264 6 53 theme disintegrating 1163:1176 arg1 croscarmellose 1145:1158 sodium croscarmellose 1138:1158 sodium croscarmellose 1138:1158 Subsequently, formulations were elaborated according to a simplex lattice experimental design using polyethylene glycol, sodium starch glycolate and sodium croscarmellose as disintegrating agents. 27487264 6 53 theme disintegrating 1163:1176 arg1 agents 1178:1183 disintegrating agents 1163:1183 disintegrating agents 1163:1183 Subsequently, formulations were elaborated according to a simplex lattice experimental design using polyethylene glycol, sodium starch glycolate and sodium croscarmellose as disintegrating agents. 27487264 6 53 theme disintegrating 1163:1176 arg1 glycol 1102:1107 polyethylene glycol 1089:1107 polyethylene glycol 1089:1107 Subsequently, formulations were elaborated according to a simplex lattice experimental design using polyethylene glycol, sodium starch glycolate and sodium croscarmellose as disintegrating agents. 27487264 7 54 theme physicochemical 1239:1253 arg1 properties 1325:1334 excellent flow properties 1310:1334 excellent flow properties 1310:1334 In these experiments, BNZ pellets showed appropriate physicochemical characteristics, including high drug load capacity and excellent flow properties. 27487264 7 54 theme physicochemical 1239:1253 arg1 characteristics 1255:1269 appropriate physicochemical characteristics 1227:1269 appropriate physicochemical characteristics 1227:1269 In these experiments, BNZ pellets showed appropriate physicochemical characteristics, including high drug load capacity and excellent flow properties. 27487264 7 54 theme physicochemical 1239:1253 arg1 capacity 1297:1304 high drug load capacity 1282:1304 high drug load capacity 1282:1304 In these experiments, BNZ pellets showed appropriate physicochemical characteristics, including high drug load capacity and excellent flow properties. 27487264 5 55 theme wet 953:955 arg1 granulation 957:967 wet granulation 953:967 wet granulation 953:967 No chemical decomposition of BNZ was observed, even in samples submitted to wet granulation and thermal stress. 27487264 5 56 theme BNZ 906:908 arg1 decomposition 889:901 No chemical decomposition 877:901 No chemical decomposition of BNZ 877:908 No chemical decomposition of BNZ was observed, even in samples submitted to wet granulation and thermal stress. 27487264 3 57 theme BNZ 515:517 arg1 pellets 519:525 BNZ pellets 515:525 BNZ pellets 515:525 Thus, in the present study, BNZ pellets were developed using extrusion spheronization for immediate drug delivery. 27487264 0 58 theme drug 50:53 arg1 delivery 55:62 immediate drug delivery 40:62 immediate drug delivery 40:62 Preparation of benznidazole pellets for immediate drug delivery using the extrusion spheronization technique. 27487264 5 59 located observed 914:921 arg1 samples 932:938 samples 932:938 samples submitted to wet granulation and thermal stress 932:986 No chemical decomposition of BNZ was observed, even in samples submitted to wet granulation and thermal stress. 27487264 5 59 located observed 914:921 arg2 decomposition 889:901 No chemical decomposition 877:901 No chemical decomposition of BNZ 877:908 No chemical decomposition of BNZ was observed, even in samples submitted to wet granulation and thermal stress. 27487264 8 60 theme agents 1435:1440 arg1 compositions 1404:1415 adequate compositions 1395:1415 adequate compositions of disintegrating agents 1395:1440 The mixture experimental design allowed identification of adequate compositions of disintegrating agents and achieved rapid disintegration and dissolution of pellets. 27487264 7 61 theme high 1282:1285 arg1 capacity 1297:1304 high drug load capacity 1282:1304 high drug load capacity 1282:1304 In these experiments, BNZ pellets showed appropriate physicochemical characteristics, including high drug load capacity and excellent flow properties. 27487264 6 62 theme sodium 1110:1115 arg1 glycolate 1124:1132 sodium starch glycolate 1110:1132 sodium starch glycolate 1110:1132 Subsequently, formulations were elaborated according to a simplex lattice experimental design using polyethylene glycol, sodium starch glycolate and sodium croscarmellose as disintegrating agents. 27487264 6 62 theme sodium 1110:1115 arg1 croscarmellose 1145:1158 sodium croscarmellose 1138:1158 sodium croscarmellose 1138:1158 Subsequently, formulations were elaborated according to a simplex lattice experimental design using polyethylene glycol, sodium starch glycolate and sodium croscarmellose as disintegrating agents. 27487264 6 62 theme sodium 1110:1115 arg1 agents 1178:1183 disintegrating agents 1163:1183 disintegrating agents 1163:1183 Subsequently, formulations were elaborated according to a simplex lattice experimental design using polyethylene glycol, sodium starch glycolate and sodium croscarmellose as disintegrating agents. 27487264 6 62 theme sodium 1110:1115 arg1 glycol 1102:1107 polyethylene glycol 1089:1107 polyethylene glycol 1089:1107 Subsequently, formulations were elaborated according to a simplex lattice experimental design using polyethylene glycol, sodium starch glycolate and sodium croscarmellose as disintegrating agents. 27487264 2 63 theme slow 356:359 arg1 dissolution 361:371 slow dissolution 356:371 slow dissolution of BNZ and dose adjustment difficulties 356:411 Possible incompatibilities between these drugs, slow dissolution of BNZ and dose adjustment difficulties are technological obstacles to the development of multidrug formulations. 27487264 2 63 theme slow 356:359 arg1 drugs 349:353 these drugs 343:353 these drugs 343:353 Possible incompatibilities between these drugs, slow dissolution of BNZ and dose adjustment difficulties are technological obstacles to the development of multidrug formulations. 27487264 1 64 from advances 117:124 arg1 treatment 133:141 the treatment 129:141 the treatment of Chagas disease 129:159 Recent advances in the treatment of Chagas disease have followed combinations of drugs that act synergistically against infection, predominantly including benznidazole (BNZ) and azoles derivatives. 27487264 6 65 theme starch 1117:1122 arg1 glycolate 1124:1132 sodium starch glycolate 1110:1132 sodium starch glycolate 1110:1132 Subsequently, formulations were elaborated according to a simplex lattice experimental design using polyethylene glycol, sodium starch glycolate and sodium croscarmellose as disintegrating agents. 27487264 6 65 theme starch 1117:1122 arg1 croscarmellose 1145:1158 sodium croscarmellose 1138:1158 sodium croscarmellose 1138:1158 Subsequently, formulations were elaborated according to a simplex lattice experimental design using polyethylene glycol, sodium starch glycolate and sodium croscarmellose as disintegrating agents. 27487264 6 65 theme starch 1117:1122 arg1 agents 1178:1183 disintegrating agents 1163:1183 disintegrating agents 1163:1183 Subsequently, formulations were elaborated according to a simplex lattice experimental design using polyethylene glycol, sodium starch glycolate and sodium croscarmellose as disintegrating agents. 27487264 6 65 theme starch 1117:1122 arg1 glycol 1102:1107 polyethylene glycol 1089:1107 polyethylene glycol 1089:1107 Subsequently, formulations were elaborated according to a simplex lattice experimental design using polyethylene glycol, sodium starch glycolate and sodium croscarmellose as disintegrating agents. 27487264 4 66 dep excipients 742:751 arg1 glycolate 794:802 sodium starch glycolate 780:802 sodium starch glycolate 780:802 Preformulation studies were then performed using thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy and compatibility between the drug and selected excipients (polyethylene glycol 6000, sodium starch glycolate, microcrystalline cellulose and sodium croscarmellose) was investigated. 27487264 4 66 dep excipients 742:751 arg1 glycol 767:772 polyethylene glycol 6000 754:777 polyethylene glycol 6000 754:777 Preformulation studies were then performed using thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy and compatibility between the drug and selected excipients (polyethylene glycol 6000, sodium starch glycolate, microcrystalline cellulose and sodium croscarmellose) was investigated. 27487264 4 66 dep excipients 742:751 arg1 croscarmellose 843:856 sodium croscarmellose 836:856 sodium croscarmellose 836:856 Preformulation studies were then performed using thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy and compatibility between the drug and selected excipients (polyethylene glycol 6000, sodium starch glycolate, microcrystalline cellulose and sodium croscarmellose) was investigated. 27487264 4 66 dep excipients 742:751 arg1 excipients 742:751 selected excipients 733:751 selected excipients (polyethylene glycol 6000, sodium starch glycolate, microcrystalline cellulose and sodium croscarmellose) 733:857 Preformulation studies were then performed using thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy and compatibility between the drug and selected excipients (polyethylene glycol 6000, sodium starch glycolate, microcrystalline cellulose and sodium croscarmellose) was investigated. 27487264 4 66 dep excipients 742:751 arg1 cellulose 822:830 microcrystalline cellulose 805:830 microcrystalline cellulose 805:830 Preformulation studies were then performed using thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy and compatibility between the drug and selected excipients (polyethylene glycol 6000, sodium starch glycolate, microcrystalline cellulose and sodium croscarmellose) was investigated. 27487264 3 67 theme immediate 577:585 arg1 delivery 592:599 immediate drug delivery 577:599 immediate drug delivery 577:599 Thus, in the present study, BNZ pellets were developed using extrusion spheronization for immediate drug delivery. 27487264 10 68 theme versatile 1635:1643 arg1 pellets 1623:1629 The present BNZ pellets 1607:1629 The present BNZ pellets 1607:1629 The present BNZ pellets are versatile alternatives to treat Chagas disease and provide insights into the preparation of multidrug systems. 27487264 10 68 theme versatile 1635:1643 arg1 alternatives 1645:1656 versatile alternatives 1635:1656 versatile alternatives to treat Chagas disease 1635:1680 The present BNZ pellets are versatile alternatives to treat Chagas disease and provide insights into the preparation of multidrug systems. 27487264 1 69 theme disease 153:159 arg1 treatment 133:141 the treatment 129:141 the treatment of Chagas disease 129:159 Recent advances in the treatment of Chagas disease have followed combinations of drugs that act synergistically against infection, predominantly including benznidazole (BNZ) and azoles derivatives. 27487264 8 70 theme pellets 1495:1501 arg1 dissolution 1480:1490 dissolution 1480:1490 dissolution 1480:1490 The mixture experimental design allowed identification of adequate compositions of disintegrating agents and achieved rapid disintegration and dissolution of pellets. 27487264 8 70 theme pellets 1495:1501 arg1 disintegration 1461:1474 rapid disintegration 1455:1474 rapid disintegration 1455:1474 The mixture experimental design allowed identification of adequate compositions of disintegrating agents and achieved rapid disintegration and dissolution of pellets. 27487264 4 71 theme starch 787:792 arg1 glycolate 794:802 sodium starch glycolate 780:802 sodium starch glycolate 780:802 Preformulation studies were then performed using thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy and compatibility between the drug and selected excipients (polyethylene glycol 6000, sodium starch glycolate, microcrystalline cellulose and sodium croscarmellose) was investigated. 27487264 4 71 theme starch 787:792 arg1 excipients 742:751 selected excipients 733:751 selected excipients (polyethylene glycol 6000, sodium starch glycolate, microcrystalline cellulose and sodium croscarmellose) 733:857 Preformulation studies were then performed using thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy and compatibility between the drug and selected excipients (polyethylene glycol 6000, sodium starch glycolate, microcrystalline cellulose and sodium croscarmellose) was investigated. 27487264 2 72 theme adjustment 389:398 arg1 dissolution 361:371 slow dissolution 356:371 slow dissolution of BNZ and dose adjustment difficulties 356:411 Possible incompatibilities between these drugs, slow dissolution of BNZ and dose adjustment difficulties are technological obstacles to the development of multidrug formulations. 27487264 2 72 theme adjustment 389:398 arg1 drugs 349:353 these drugs 343:353 these drugs 343:353 Possible incompatibilities between these drugs, slow dissolution of BNZ and dose adjustment difficulties are technological obstacles to the development of multidrug formulations. 27487264 4 73 theme infrared 672:679 arg1 spectroscopy 681:692 infrared spectroscopy 672:692 infrared spectroscopy 672:692 Preformulation studies were then performed using thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy and compatibility between the drug and selected excipients (polyethylene glycol 6000, sodium starch glycolate, microcrystalline cellulose and sodium croscarmellose) was investigated. 27487264 8 74 theme experimental 1349:1360 arg1 design 1362:1367 The mixture experimental design 1337:1367 The mixture experimental design 1337:1367 The mixture experimental design allowed identification of adequate compositions of disintegrating agents and achieved rapid disintegration and dissolution of pellets. 27487264 0 75 theme benznidazole 15:26 arg1 pellets 28:34 benznidazole pellets 15:34 benznidazole pellets 15:34 Preparation of benznidazole pellets for immediate drug delivery using the extrusion spheronization technique. 27487264 2 76 theme dose 384:387 arg1 adjustment 389:398 dose adjustment 384:398 dose adjustment 384:398 Possible incompatibilities between these drugs, slow dissolution of BNZ and dose adjustment difficulties are technological obstacles to the development of multidrug formulations. 28504170 4 0 theme ZnO-Ag 469:474 arg1 NPs 476:478 The ZnO-Ag NPs 465:478 The ZnO-Ag NPs 465:478 The ZnO-Ag NPs were spherical with the diameter of 10.5-16.2nm. 28504170 4 0 theme ZnO-Ag 469:474 arg1 spherical 485:493 spherical 485:493 spherical 485:493 The ZnO-Ag NPs were spherical with the diameter of 10.5-16.2nm. 28504170 5 1 theme NPs 599:601 arg1 formation 579:587 the formation 575:587 the formation of ZnO-Ag NPs on the surface of ChNW 575:624 STEM, EDX, XRD, and UV-vis analyses confirmed the formation of ZnO-Ag NPs on the surface of ChNW. 28504170 9 2 theme strong 1035:1040 arg1 activity 1056:1063 strong antibacterial activity 1035:1063 strong antibacterial activity against E. coli and L. monocytogenes 1035:1100 CMC composite films showed strong antibacterial activity against E. coli and L. monocytogenes. 28504170 9 3 theme antibacterial 1042:1054 arg1 activity 1056:1063 strong antibacterial activity 1035:1063 strong antibacterial activity against E. coli and L. monocytogenes 1035:1100 CMC composite films showed strong antibacterial activity against E. coli and L. monocytogenes. 28504170 7 4 theme high 807:810 arg1 property 823:830 the high UV-barrier property 803:830 the high UV-barrier property 803:830 A CMC-based nanocomposite film incorporated with 5wt% of ChNW/ZnO-Ag NPs was homogeneous and showed the high UV-barrier property. 28504170 0 5 theme carboxymethyl 100:112 arg1 film 144:147 carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite film 100:147 carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite film 100:147 Preparation of multifunctional chitin nanowhiskers/ZnO-Ag NPs and their effect on the properties of carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite film. 28504170 0 6 from Preparation 0:10 arg1 properties 86:95 the properties 82:95 the properties of carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite film 82:147 Preparation of multifunctional chitin nanowhiskers/ZnO-Ag NPs and their effect on the properties of carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite film. 28504170 5 7 theme UV-vis 549:554 arg1 analyses 556:563 UV-vis analyses 549:563 UV-vis analyses 549:563 STEM, EDX, XRD, and UV-vis analyses confirmed the formation of ZnO-Ag NPs on the surface of ChNW. 28504170 7 8 theme UV-barrier 812:821 arg1 property 823:830 the high UV-barrier property 803:830 the high UV-barrier property 803:830 A CMC-based nanocomposite film incorporated with 5wt% of ChNW/ZnO-Ag NPs was homogeneous and showed the high UV-barrier property. 28504170 3 9 theme needle 367:372 arg1 ChNW 358:361 A ChNW 356:361 A ChNW 356:361 A ChNW was needle shape with the width of 8-40nm, the length of 150-260nm, and crystallinity index of 93.6%. 28504170 3 9 theme needle 367:372 arg1 shape 374:378 needle shape 367:378 needle shape 367:378 A ChNW was needle shape with the width of 8-40nm, the length of 150-260nm, and crystallinity index of 93.6%. 28504170 8 10 theme film 900:903 arg1 E 880:880 E 880:880 E 880:880 The tensile strength (TS) and elastic modulus (E) of the composite film increased by 18-32% and 55-100%, respectively, while the elongation at break (EB) decreased by 23-33%. 28504170 8 10 theme film 900:903 arg1 TS 855:856 TS 855:856 TS 855:856 The tensile strength (TS) and elastic modulus (E) of the composite film increased by 18-32% and 55-100%, respectively, while the elongation at break (EB) decreased by 23-33%. 28504170 8 10 theme film 900:903 arg1 strength 845:852 The tensile strength 833:852 The tensile strength (TS) 833:857 The tensile strength (TS) and elastic modulus (E) of the composite film increased by 18-32% and 55-100%, respectively, while the elongation at break (EB) decreased by 23-33%. 28504170 8 10 theme film 900:903 arg1 modulus 871:877 elastic modulus 863:877 elastic modulus (E) of the composite film 863:903 The tensile strength (TS) and elastic modulus (E) of the composite film increased by 18-32% and 55-100%, respectively, while the elongation at break (EB) decreased by 23-33%. 28504170 6 11 theme ChNW 652:655 arg1 stability 639:647 The thermal stability 627:647 The thermal stability of ChNW 627:655 The thermal stability of ChNW was increased by incorporation of ZnO-Ag NPs. 28504170 3 12 theme % 462:462 arg1 length 410:415 the length 406:415 the length of 150-260nm 406:428 A ChNW was needle shape with the width of 8-40nm, the length of 150-260nm, and crystallinity index of 93.6%. 28504170 3 12 theme % 462:462 arg1 width 389:393 the width 385:393 the width of 8-40nm 385:403 A ChNW was needle shape with the width of 8-40nm, the length of 150-260nm, and crystallinity index of 93.6%. 28504170 3 12 theme % 462:462 arg1 index 449:453 crystallinity index 435:453 crystallinity index of 93.6% 435:462 A ChNW was needle shape with the width of 8-40nm, the length of 150-260nm, and crystallinity index of 93.6%. 28504170 0 13 theme nanocomposite 130:142 arg1 film 144:147 carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite film 100:147 carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite film 100:147 Preparation of multifunctional chitin nanowhiskers/ZnO-Ag NPs and their effect on the properties of carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite film. 28504170 8 14 theme composite 890:898 arg1 film 900:903 the composite film 886:903 the composite film 886:903 The tensile strength (TS) and elastic modulus (E) of the composite film increased by 18-32% and 55-100%, respectively, while the elongation at break (EB) decreased by 23-33%. 28504170 3 15 theme 150-260nm 420:428 arg1 length 410:415 the length 406:415 the length of 150-260nm 406:428 A ChNW was needle shape with the width of 8-40nm, the length of 150-260nm, and crystallinity index of 93.6%. 28504170 3 15 theme 150-260nm 420:428 arg1 width 389:393 the width 385:393 the width of 8-40nm 385:403 A ChNW was needle shape with the width of 8-40nm, the length of 150-260nm, and crystallinity index of 93.6%. 28504170 3 15 theme 150-260nm 420:428 arg1 index 449:453 crystallinity index 435:453 crystallinity index of 93.6% 435:462 A ChNW was needle shape with the width of 8-40nm, the length of 150-260nm, and crystallinity index of 93.6%. 28504170 0 16 theme cellulose-based 114:128 arg1 film 144:147 carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite film 100:147 carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite film 100:147 Preparation of multifunctional chitin nanowhiskers/ZnO-Ag NPs and their effect on the properties of carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite film. 28504170 8 17 from break 976:980 arg1 elongation 962:971 the elongation 958:971 the elongation at break (EB) 958:985 The tensile strength (TS) and elastic modulus (E) of the composite film increased by 18-32% and 55-100%, respectively, while the elongation at break (EB) decreased by 23-33%. 28504170 3 18 with shape 374:378 arg1 length 410:415 the length 406:415 the length of 150-260nm 406:428 A ChNW was needle shape with the width of 8-40nm, the length of 150-260nm, and crystallinity index of 93.6%. 28504170 3 18 with shape 374:378 arg1 width 389:393 the width 385:393 the width of 8-40nm 385:403 A ChNW was needle shape with the width of 8-40nm, the length of 150-260nm, and crystallinity index of 93.6%. 28504170 3 18 with shape 374:378 arg1 index 449:453 crystallinity index 435:453 crystallinity index of 93.6% 435:462 A ChNW was needle shape with the width of 8-40nm, the length of 150-260nm, and crystallinity index of 93.6%. 28504170 2 19 used used 275:278 arg2 nanoparticles 256:268 The hybrid nanoparticles 245:268 The hybrid nanoparticles 245:268 The hybrid nanoparticles were used for the preparation of multifunctional carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) films. 28504170 5 20 theme ZnO-Ag 592:597 arg1 NPs 599:601 ZnO-Ag NPs 592:601 ZnO-Ag NPs 592:601 STEM, EDX, XRD, and UV-vis analyses confirmed the formation of ZnO-Ag NPs on the surface of ChNW. 28504170 2 21 theme cellulose 333:341 arg1 films 349:353 multifunctional carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) films 303:353 multifunctional carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) films 303:353 The hybrid nanoparticles were used for the preparation of multifunctional carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) films. 28504170 7 22 theme NPs 772:774 arg1 NPs 772:774 ChNW/ZnO-Ag NPs 760:774 ChNW/ZnO-Ag NPs 760:774 A CMC-based nanocomposite film incorporated with 5wt% of ChNW/ZnO-Ag NPs was homogeneous and showed the high UV-barrier property. 28504170 7 22 theme NPs 772:774 arg1 % 755:755 5wt% 752:755 5wt% of ChNW/ZnO-Ag NPs 752:774 A CMC-based nanocomposite film incorporated with 5wt% of ChNW/ZnO-Ag NPs was homogeneous and showed the high UV-barrier property. 28504170 0 23 theme chitin 31:36 arg1 NPs 58:60 multifunctional chitin nanowhiskers/ZnO-Ag NPs 15:60 multifunctional chitin nanowhiskers/ZnO-Ag NPs 15:60 Preparation of multifunctional chitin nanowhiskers/ZnO-Ag NPs and their effect on the properties of carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite film. 28504170 4 24 theme 10.5-16.2nm 516:526 arg1 diameter 504:511 the diameter 500:511 the diameter of 10.5-16.2nm 500:526 The ZnO-Ag NPs were spherical with the diameter of 10.5-16.2nm. 28504170 2 25 theme carboxymethyl 319:331 arg1 films 349:353 multifunctional carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) films 303:353 multifunctional carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) films 303:353 The hybrid nanoparticles were used for the preparation of multifunctional carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) films. 28504170 0 26 theme multifunctional 15:29 arg1 NPs 58:60 multifunctional chitin nanowhiskers/ZnO-Ag NPs 15:60 multifunctional chitin nanowhiskers/ZnO-Ag NPs 15:60 Preparation of multifunctional chitin nanowhiskers/ZnO-Ag NPs and their effect on the properties of carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite film. 28504170 6 27 theme thermal 631:637 arg1 stability 639:647 The thermal stability 627:647 The thermal stability of ChNW 627:655 The thermal stability of ChNW was increased by incorporation of ZnO-Ag NPs. 28504170 0 28 theme film 144:147 arg1 properties 86:95 the properties 82:95 the properties of carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite film 82:147 Preparation of multifunctional chitin nanowhiskers/ZnO-Ag NPs and their effect on the properties of carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite film. 28504170 2 29 theme multifunctional 303:317 arg1 films 349:353 multifunctional carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) films 303:353 multifunctional carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) films 303:353 The hybrid nanoparticles were used for the preparation of multifunctional carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) films. 28504170 8 30 theme tensile 837:843 arg1 TS 855:856 TS 855:856 TS 855:856 The tensile strength (TS) and elastic modulus (E) of the composite film increased by 18-32% and 55-100%, respectively, while the elongation at break (EB) decreased by 23-33%. 28504170 8 30 theme tensile 837:843 arg1 strength 845:852 The tensile strength 833:852 The tensile strength (TS) 833:857 The tensile strength (TS) and elastic modulus (E) of the composite film increased by 18-32% and 55-100%, respectively, while the elongation at break (EB) decreased by 23-33%. 28504170 0 31 theme NPs 58:60 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation of multifunctional chitin nanowhiskers/ZnO-Ag NPs 0:60 Preparation of multifunctional chitin nanowhiskers/ZnO-Ag NPs and their effect on the properties of carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite film. 28504170 0 31 theme NPs 58:60 arg1 effect 72:77 their effect 66:77 their effect on the properties of carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite film 66:147 Preparation of multifunctional chitin nanowhiskers/ZnO-Ag NPs and their effect on the properties of carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite film. 28504170 5 32 from formation 579:587 arg1 surface 610:616 the surface 606:616 the surface of ChNW 606:624 STEM, EDX, XRD, and UV-vis analyses confirmed the formation of ZnO-Ag NPs on the surface of ChNW. 28504170 7 33 theme ChNW/ZnO-Ag 760:770 arg1 NPs 772:774 ChNW/ZnO-Ag NPs 760:774 ChNW/ZnO-Ag NPs 760:774 A CMC-based nanocomposite film incorporated with 5wt% of ChNW/ZnO-Ag NPs was homogeneous and showed the high UV-barrier property. 28504170 0 34 theme nanowhiskers/ZnO-Ag 38:56 arg1 NPs 58:60 multifunctional chitin nanowhiskers/ZnO-Ag NPs 15:60 multifunctional chitin nanowhiskers/ZnO-Ag NPs 15:60 Preparation of multifunctional chitin nanowhiskers/ZnO-Ag NPs and their effect on the properties of carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite film. 28504170 7 35 theme nanocomposite 715:727 arg1 film 729:732 A CMC-based nanocomposite film 703:732 A CMC-based nanocomposite film incorporated with 5wt% of ChNW/ZnO-Ag NPs 703:774 A CMC-based nanocomposite film incorporated with 5wt% of ChNW/ZnO-Ag NPs was homogeneous and showed the high UV-barrier property. 28504170 7 35 theme nanocomposite 715:727 arg1 homogeneous 780:790 homogeneous 780:790 homogeneous 780:790 A CMC-based nanocomposite film incorporated with 5wt% of ChNW/ZnO-Ag NPs was homogeneous and showed the high UV-barrier property. 28504170 1 36 theme hybrid 221:226 arg1 NPs 240:242 hybrid ChNW/ZnO-Ag NPs 221:242 hybrid ChNW/ZnO-Ag NPs 221:242 Chitin nanowhiskers (ChNW) were isolated and used for the synthesis of hybrid ChNW/ZnO-Ag NPs. 28504170 0 37 from effect 72:77 arg1 properties 86:95 the properties 82:95 the properties of carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite film 82:147 Preparation of multifunctional chitin nanowhiskers/ZnO-Ag NPs and their effect on the properties of carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite film. 28504170 6 38 theme NPs 698:700 arg1 incorporation 674:686 incorporation 674:686 incorporation of ZnO-Ag NPs 674:700 The thermal stability of ChNW was increased by incorporation of ZnO-Ag NPs. 28504170 4 39 with spherical 485:493 arg1 diameter 504:511 the diameter 500:511 the diameter of 10.5-16.2nm 500:526 The ZnO-Ag NPs were spherical with the diameter of 10.5-16.2nm. 28504170 3 40 theme 8-40nm 398:403 arg1 length 410:415 the length 406:415 the length of 150-260nm 406:428 A ChNW was needle shape with the width of 8-40nm, the length of 150-260nm, and crystallinity index of 93.6%. 28504170 3 40 theme 8-40nm 398:403 arg1 width 389:393 the width 385:393 the width of 8-40nm 385:403 A ChNW was needle shape with the width of 8-40nm, the length of 150-260nm, and crystallinity index of 93.6%. 28504170 3 40 theme 8-40nm 398:403 arg1 index 449:453 crystallinity index 435:453 crystallinity index of 93.6% 435:462 A ChNW was needle shape with the width of 8-40nm, the length of 150-260nm, and crystallinity index of 93.6%. 28504170 5 41 theme ChNW 621:624 arg1 surface 610:616 the surface 606:616 the surface of ChNW 606:624 STEM, EDX, XRD, and UV-vis analyses confirmed the formation of ZnO-Ag NPs on the surface of ChNW. 28504170 6 42 theme ZnO-Ag 691:696 arg1 NPs 698:700 ZnO-Ag NPs 691:700 ZnO-Ag NPs 691:700 The thermal stability of ChNW was increased by incorporation of ZnO-Ag NPs. 28504170 2 43 theme films 349:353 arg1 preparation 288:298 the preparation 284:298 the preparation of multifunctional carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) films 284:353 The hybrid nanoparticles were used for the preparation of multifunctional carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) films. 28504170 7 44 theme CMC-based 705:713 arg1 film 729:732 A CMC-based nanocomposite film 703:732 A CMC-based nanocomposite film incorporated with 5wt% of ChNW/ZnO-Ag NPs 703:774 A CMC-based nanocomposite film incorporated with 5wt% of ChNW/ZnO-Ag NPs was homogeneous and showed the high UV-barrier property. 28504170 7 44 theme CMC-based 705:713 arg1 homogeneous 780:790 homogeneous 780:790 homogeneous 780:790 A CMC-based nanocomposite film incorporated with 5wt% of ChNW/ZnO-Ag NPs was homogeneous and showed the high UV-barrier property. 28504170 9 45 theme CMC 1008:1010 arg1 films 1022:1026 CMC composite films 1008:1026 CMC composite films 1008:1026 CMC composite films showed strong antibacterial activity against E. coli and L. monocytogenes. 28504170 1 46 theme Chitin 150:155 arg1 ChNW 171:174 ChNW 171:174 ChNW 171:174 Chitin nanowhiskers (ChNW) were isolated and used for the synthesis of hybrid ChNW/ZnO-Ag NPs. 28504170 1 46 theme Chitin 150:155 arg1 nanowhiskers 157:168 Chitin nanowhiskers 150:168 Chitin nanowhiskers (ChNW) 150:175 Chitin nanowhiskers (ChNW) were isolated and used for the synthesis of hybrid ChNW/ZnO-Ag NPs. 28504170 1 47 theme ChNW/ZnO-Ag 228:238 arg1 NPs 240:242 hybrid ChNW/ZnO-Ag NPs 221:242 hybrid ChNW/ZnO-Ag NPs 221:242 Chitin nanowhiskers (ChNW) were isolated and used for the synthesis of hybrid ChNW/ZnO-Ag NPs. 28504170 1 48 used used 195:198 arg2 ChNW 171:174 ChNW 171:174 ChNW 171:174 Chitin nanowhiskers (ChNW) were isolated and used for the synthesis of hybrid ChNW/ZnO-Ag NPs. 28504170 1 48 used used 195:198 arg2 nanowhiskers 157:168 Chitin nanowhiskers 150:168 Chitin nanowhiskers (ChNW) 150:175 Chitin nanowhiskers (ChNW) were isolated and used for the synthesis of hybrid ChNW/ZnO-Ag NPs. 28504170 9 49 theme composite 1012:1020 arg1 films 1022:1026 CMC composite films 1008:1026 CMC composite films 1008:1026 CMC composite films showed strong antibacterial activity against E. coli and L. monocytogenes. 28504170 2 50 theme CMC 344:346 arg1 films 349:353 multifunctional carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) films 303:353 multifunctional carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) films 303:353 The hybrid nanoparticles were used for the preparation of multifunctional carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) films. 28504170 1 51 theme NPs 240:242 arg1 synthesis 208:216 the synthesis 204:216 the synthesis of hybrid ChNW/ZnO-Ag NPs 204:242 Chitin nanowhiskers (ChNW) were isolated and used for the synthesis of hybrid ChNW/ZnO-Ag NPs. 28504170 3 52 theme crystallinity 435:447 arg1 index 449:453 crystallinity index 435:453 crystallinity index of 93.6% 435:462 A ChNW was needle shape with the width of 8-40nm, the length of 150-260nm, and crystallinity index of 93.6%. 28504170 2 53 theme hybrid 249:254 arg1 nanoparticles 256:268 The hybrid nanoparticles 245:268 The hybrid nanoparticles 245:268 The hybrid nanoparticles were used for the preparation of multifunctional carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) films. 28504170 8 54 theme elastic 863:869 arg1 E 880:880 E 880:880 E 880:880 The tensile strength (TS) and elastic modulus (E) of the composite film increased by 18-32% and 55-100%, respectively, while the elongation at break (EB) decreased by 23-33%. 28504170 8 54 theme elastic 863:869 arg1 modulus 871:877 elastic modulus 863:877 elastic modulus (E) of the composite film 863:903 The tensile strength (TS) and elastic modulus (E) of the composite film increased by 18-32% and 55-100%, respectively, while the elongation at break (EB) decreased by 23-33%. 28267502 9 0 theme high 1138:1141 arg1 flexibility 1143:1153 very high flexibility 1133:1153 very high flexibility 1133:1153 The HAGS-PEG-PU films had improved hydrophobicity as indicated by CA values ranging from 51 to 110°and very high flexibility as evidenced from elongation at break (εB) values from 17 to 1000%. 28267502 9 1 from values 1198:1203 arg1 elongation 1173:1182 elongation 1173:1182 elongation at break (εB) values from 17 to 1000% 1173:1220 The HAGS-PEG-PU films had improved hydrophobicity as indicated by CA values ranging from 51 to 110°and very high flexibility as evidenced from elongation at break (εB) values from 17 to 1000%. 28267502 9 2 theme CA 1096:1097 arg1 values 1099:1104 CA values 1096:1104 CA values ranging from 51 1096:1120 The HAGS-PEG-PU films had improved hydrophobicity as indicated by CA values ranging from 51 to 110°and very high flexibility as evidenced from elongation at break (εB) values from 17 to 1000%. 28267502 3 3 theme Polyethylene 359:370 arg1 linker 400:405 Polyethylene glycol-isocyanate (PEG-iso) linker 359:405 Polyethylene glycol-isocyanate (PEG-iso) linker 359:405 Polyethylene glycol-isocyanate (PEG-iso) linker was prepared by reacting PEG 1000 with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI). 28267502 9 4 contain had 1052:1054 arg1 films 1046:1050 The HAGS-PEG-PU films 1030:1050 The HAGS-PEG-PU films 1030:1050 The HAGS-PEG-PU films had improved hydrophobicity as indicated by CA values ranging from 51 to 110°and very high flexibility as evidenced from elongation at break (εB) values from 17 to 1000%. 28267502 9 4 contain had 1052:1054 arg2 hydrophobicity 1065:1078 improved hydrophobicity 1056:1078 improved hydrophobicity 1056:1078 The HAGS-PEG-PU films had improved hydrophobicity as indicated by CA values ranging from 51 to 110°and very high flexibility as evidenced from elongation at break (εB) values from 17 to 1000%. 28267502 5 5 theme ambient 633:639 arg1 temperature 641:651 ambient temperature 633:651 ambient temperature 633:651 HAGS-PEG-PU composite blends were prepared and dried at ambient temperature to obtain HAGS-PEG-PU films. 28267502 8 6 theme PEG-iso 910:916 arg1 concentration 918:930 PEG-iso concentration 910:930 PEG-iso concentration 910:930 Increase of PEG-iso concentration up to 20% (w/w) improved the molecular mixing and interpenetration between the starch and PEG-PU. 28267502 4 7 theme urethane 549:556 arg1 PEG-PU 568:573 PEG-PU 568:573 PEG-PU 568:573 PEG-iso linker was then grafted into HAGS forming three dimensional urethane networks (PEG-PU). 28267502 4 7 theme urethane 549:556 arg1 networks 558:565 three dimensional urethane networks 531:565 three dimensional urethane networks (PEG-PU) 531:574 PEG-iso linker was then grafted into HAGS forming three dimensional urethane networks (PEG-PU). 28267502 2 8 theme starch 335:340 arg1 material 349:356 glycerol plasticized high amylose starch (HAGS) material 301:356 glycerol plasticized high amylose starch (HAGS) material 301:356 A simple and effective microwave-aided starch gelatinisation instrument was used to prepare glycerol plasticized high amylose starch (HAGS) material. 28267502 7 9 dep Fourier 803:809 arg1 transform 811:819 transform 811:819 transform infrared spectroscopy 811:841 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed good grafting of PEG-iso into starch structure. 28267502 2 10 theme amylose 327:333 arg1 HAGS 343:346 HAGS 343:346 HAGS 343:346 A simple and effective microwave-aided starch gelatinisation instrument was used to prepare glycerol plasticized high amylose starch (HAGS) material. 28267502 2 10 theme amylose 327:333 arg1 starch 335:340 high amylose starch 322:340 glycerol plasticized high amylose starch (HAGS) material 301:356 A simple and effective microwave-aided starch gelatinisation instrument was used to prepare glycerol plasticized high amylose starch (HAGS) material. 28267502 2 11 used used 285:288 arg2 instrument 270:279 A simple and effective microwave-aided starch gelatinisation instrument 209:279 A simple and effective microwave-aided starch gelatinisation instrument 209:279 A simple and effective microwave-aided starch gelatinisation instrument was used to prepare glycerol plasticized high amylose starch (HAGS) material. 28267502 9 12 from % 1220:1220 arg1 values 1198:1203 break (εB) values 1187:1203 break (εB) values from 17 to 1000% 1187:1220 The HAGS-PEG-PU films had improved hydrophobicity as indicated by CA values ranging from 51 to 110°and very high flexibility as evidenced from elongation at break (εB) values from 17 to 1000%. 28267502 3 13 theme PEG-iso 391:397 arg1 linker 400:405 Polyethylene glycol-isocyanate (PEG-iso) linker 359:405 Polyethylene glycol-isocyanate (PEG-iso) linker 359:405 Polyethylene glycol-isocyanate (PEG-iso) linker was prepared by reacting PEG 1000 with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI). 28267502 7 14 dep transform 811:819 arg1 infrared 821:828 infrared 821:828 transform infrared spectroscopy 811:841 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed good grafting of PEG-iso into starch structure. 28267502 5 15 theme HAGS-PEG-PU 663:673 arg1 films 675:679 HAGS-PEG-PU films 663:679 HAGS-PEG-PU films 663:679 HAGS-PEG-PU composite blends were prepared and dried at ambient temperature to obtain HAGS-PEG-PU films. 28267502 2 16 theme high 322:325 arg1 HAGS 343:346 HAGS 343:346 HAGS 343:346 A simple and effective microwave-aided starch gelatinisation instrument was used to prepare glycerol plasticized high amylose starch (HAGS) material. 28267502 2 16 theme high 322:325 arg1 starch 335:340 high amylose starch 322:340 glycerol plasticized high amylose starch (HAGS) material 301:356 A simple and effective microwave-aided starch gelatinisation instrument was used to prepare glycerol plasticized high amylose starch (HAGS) material. 28267502 8 17 theme concentration 918:930 arg1 Increase 898:905 Increase 898:905 Increase of PEG-iso concentration up to 20% (w/w) 898:946 Increase of PEG-iso concentration up to 20% (w/w) improved the molecular mixing and interpenetration between the starch and PEG-PU. 28267502 8 18 dep 20 938:939 arg1 to 935:936 to 935:936 to 935:936 Increase of PEG-iso concentration up to 20% (w/w) improved the molecular mixing and interpenetration between the starch and PEG-PU. 28267502 2 19 theme plasticized 310:320 arg1 material 349:356 glycerol plasticized high amylose starch (HAGS) material 301:356 glycerol plasticized high amylose starch (HAGS) material 301:356 A simple and effective microwave-aided starch gelatinisation instrument was used to prepare glycerol plasticized high amylose starch (HAGS) material. 28267502 0 20 theme starch-polyurethane 9:27 arg1 films 29:33 Flexible starch-polyurethane films 0:33 Flexible starch-polyurethane films: Physiochemical characteristics and hydrophobicity. 0:85 Flexible starch-polyurethane films: Physiochemical characteristics and hydrophobicity. 28267502 0 21 theme Flexible 0:7 arg1 films 29:33 Flexible starch-polyurethane films 0:33 Flexible starch-polyurethane films: Physiochemical characteristics and hydrophobicity. 0:85 Flexible starch-polyurethane films: Physiochemical characteristics and hydrophobicity. 28267502 9 22 dep 1000 1216:1219 arg1 to 1213:1214 to 1213:1214 to 1213:1214 The HAGS-PEG-PU films had improved hydrophobicity as indicated by CA values ranging from 51 to 110°and very high flexibility as evidenced from elongation at break (εB) values from 17 to 1000%. 28267502 1 23 theme composite 112:120 arg1 films 122:126 Starch-polyurethane (PU) composite films 87:126 Starch-polyurethane (PU) composite films with improved mechanical and hydrophobic properties 87:178 Starch-polyurethane (PU) composite films with improved mechanical and hydrophobic properties were developed in this work. 28267502 7 24 theme starch 880:885 arg1 structure 887:895 starch structure 880:895 starch structure 880:895 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed good grafting of PEG-iso into starch structure. 28267502 6 25 theme contact 731:737 arg1 angle 739:743 contact angle 731:743 contact angle 731:743 The mechanical properties and hydrophobicity (as contact angle, CA) of the HAGS-PEG-PU films were measured and analysed. 28267502 10 26 theme best 1298:1301 arg1 flexibility 1303:1313 the best flexibility 1294:1313 the best flexibility (εB>1000%) 1294:1324 The HAGS-PEG-PU film formulation containing 20% (w/w) PEG-iso provided the best flexibility (εB>1000%) and hydrophobicity (CA>110°). 28267502 10 26 theme best 1298:1301 arg1 % 1323:1323 εB>1000% 1316:1323 εB>1000% 1316:1323 The HAGS-PEG-PU film formulation containing 20% (w/w) PEG-iso provided the best flexibility (εB>1000%) and hydrophobicity (CA>110°). 28267502 7 27 theme PEG-iso 867:873 arg1 grafting 855:862 good grafting 850:862 good grafting of PEG-iso into starch structure 850:895 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed good grafting of PEG-iso into starch structure. 28267502 3 28 theme hexamethylene 446:458 arg1 HMDI 474:477 HMDI 474:477 HMDI 474:477 Polyethylene glycol-isocyanate (PEG-iso) linker was prepared by reacting PEG 1000 with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI). 28267502 3 28 theme hexamethylene 446:458 arg1 diisocyanate 460:471 hexamethylene diisocyanate 446:471 hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) 446:478 Polyethylene glycol-isocyanate (PEG-iso) linker was prepared by reacting PEG 1000 with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI). 28267502 7 29 theme good 850:853 arg1 grafting 855:862 good grafting 850:862 good grafting of PEG-iso into starch structure 850:895 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed good grafting of PEG-iso into starch structure. 28267502 4 30 theme PEG-iso 481:487 arg1 linker 489:494 PEG-iso linker 481:494 PEG-iso linker 481:494 PEG-iso linker was then grafted into HAGS forming three dimensional urethane networks (PEG-PU). 28267502 8 31 dep starch 1011:1016 arg1 the 1007:1009 the 1007:1009 the 1007:1009 Increase of PEG-iso concentration up to 20% (w/w) improved the molecular mixing and interpenetration between the starch and PEG-PU. 28267502 0 32 theme Physiochemical 36:49 arg1 characteristics 51:65 Physiochemical characteristics 36:65 Physiochemical characteristics 36:65 Flexible starch-polyurethane films: Physiochemical characteristics and hydrophobicity. 28267502 9 33 theme HAGS-PEG-PU 1034:1044 arg1 films 1046:1050 The HAGS-PEG-PU films 1030:1050 The HAGS-PEG-PU films 1030:1050 The HAGS-PEG-PU films had improved hydrophobicity as indicated by CA values ranging from 51 to 110°and very high flexibility as evidenced from elongation at break (εB) values from 17 to 1000%. 28267502 5 34 theme HAGS-PEG-PU 577:587 arg1 blends 599:604 HAGS-PEG-PU composite blends 577:604 HAGS-PEG-PU composite blends 577:604 HAGS-PEG-PU composite blends were prepared and dried at ambient temperature to obtain HAGS-PEG-PU films. 28267502 10 35 contain containing 1256:1265 arg1 formulation 1244:1254 The HAGS-PEG-PU film formulation 1223:1254 The HAGS-PEG-PU film formulation containing 20% (w/w) PEG-iso 1223:1283 The HAGS-PEG-PU film formulation containing 20% (w/w) PEG-iso provided the best flexibility (εB>1000%) and hydrophobicity (CA>110°). 28267502 10 35 contain containing 1256:1265 arg2 PEG-iso 1277:1283 20% (w/w) PEG-iso 1267:1283 20% (w/w) PEG-iso 1267:1283 The HAGS-PEG-PU film formulation containing 20% (w/w) PEG-iso provided the best flexibility (εB>1000%) and hydrophobicity (CA>110°). 28267502 2 36 theme gelatinisation 255:268 arg1 instrument 270:279 A simple and effective microwave-aided starch gelatinisation instrument 209:279 A simple and effective microwave-aided starch gelatinisation instrument 209:279 A simple and effective microwave-aided starch gelatinisation instrument was used to prepare glycerol plasticized high amylose starch (HAGS) material. 28267502 5 37 theme composite 589:597 arg1 blends 599:604 HAGS-PEG-PU composite blends 577:604 HAGS-PEG-PU composite blends 577:604 HAGS-PEG-PU composite blends were prepared and dried at ambient temperature to obtain HAGS-PEG-PU films. 28267502 1 38 theme improved 133:140 arg1 properties 169:178 improved mechanical and hydrophobic properties 133:178 improved mechanical and hydrophobic properties 133:178 Starch-polyurethane (PU) composite films with improved mechanical and hydrophobic properties were developed in this work. 28267502 2 39 theme microwave-aided 232:246 arg1 instrument 270:279 A simple and effective microwave-aided starch gelatinisation instrument 209:279 A simple and effective microwave-aided starch gelatinisation instrument 209:279 A simple and effective microwave-aided starch gelatinisation instrument was used to prepare glycerol plasticized high amylose starch (HAGS) material. 28267502 2 40 theme starch 248:253 arg1 instrument 270:279 A simple and effective microwave-aided starch gelatinisation instrument 209:279 A simple and effective microwave-aided starch gelatinisation instrument 209:279 A simple and effective microwave-aided starch gelatinisation instrument was used to prepare glycerol plasticized high amylose starch (HAGS) material. 28267502 8 41 dep Increase 898:905 arg1 w/w 943:945 w/w 943:945 w/w 943:945 Increase of PEG-iso concentration up to 20% (w/w) improved the molecular mixing and interpenetration between the starch and PEG-PU. 28267502 8 41 dep Increase 898:905 arg1 % 940:940 up to 20% 932:940 Increase of PEG-iso concentration up to 20% (w/w) 898:946 Increase of PEG-iso concentration up to 20% (w/w) improved the molecular mixing and interpenetration between the starch and PEG-PU. 28267502 1 42 theme mechanical 142:151 arg1 properties 169:178 improved mechanical and hydrophobic properties 133:178 improved mechanical and hydrophobic properties 133:178 Starch-polyurethane (PU) composite films with improved mechanical and hydrophobic properties were developed in this work. 28267502 9 43 theme improved 1056:1063 arg1 hydrophobicity 1065:1078 improved hydrophobicity 1056:1078 improved hydrophobicity 1056:1078 The HAGS-PEG-PU films had improved hydrophobicity as indicated by CA values ranging from 51 to 110°and very high flexibility as evidenced from elongation at break (εB) values from 17 to 1000%. 28267502 2 44 theme effective 222:230 arg1 instrument 270:279 A simple and effective microwave-aided starch gelatinisation instrument 209:279 A simple and effective microwave-aided starch gelatinisation instrument 209:279 A simple and effective microwave-aided starch gelatinisation instrument was used to prepare glycerol plasticized high amylose starch (HAGS) material. 28267502 2 45 theme glycerol 301:308 arg1 material 349:356 glycerol plasticized high amylose starch (HAGS) material 301:356 glycerol plasticized high amylose starch (HAGS) material 301:356 A simple and effective microwave-aided starch gelatinisation instrument was used to prepare glycerol plasticized high amylose starch (HAGS) material. 28267502 8 46 theme molecular 961:969 arg1 mixing 971:976 molecular mixing 961:976 molecular mixing 961:976 Increase of PEG-iso concentration up to 20% (w/w) improved the molecular mixing and interpenetration between the starch and PEG-PU. 28267502 9 47 theme εB 1194:1195 arg1 values 1198:1203 break (εB) values 1187:1203 break (εB) values from 17 to 1000% 1187:1220 The HAGS-PEG-PU films had improved hydrophobicity as indicated by CA values ranging from 51 to 110°and very high flexibility as evidenced from elongation at break (εB) values from 17 to 1000%. 28267502 10 48 theme % 1269:1269 arg1 PEG-iso 1277:1283 20% (w/w) PEG-iso 1267:1283 20% (w/w) PEG-iso 1267:1283 The HAGS-PEG-PU film formulation containing 20% (w/w) PEG-iso provided the best flexibility (εB>1000%) and hydrophobicity (CA>110°). 28267502 0 49 dep films 29:33 arg1 characteristics 51:65 Physiochemical characteristics 36:65 Physiochemical characteristics 36:65 Flexible starch-polyurethane films: Physiochemical characteristics and hydrophobicity. 28267502 0 49 dep films 29:33 arg1 hydrophobicity 71:84 hydrophobicity 71:84 hydrophobicity 71:84 Flexible starch-polyurethane films: Physiochemical characteristics and hydrophobicity. 28267502 9 50 theme break 1187:1191 arg1 values 1198:1203 break (εB) values 1187:1203 break (εB) values from 17 to 1000% 1187:1220 The HAGS-PEG-PU films had improved hydrophobicity as indicated by CA values ranging from 51 to 110°and very high flexibility as evidenced from elongation at break (εB) values from 17 to 1000%. 28267502 1 51 theme hydrophobic 157:167 arg1 properties 169:178 improved mechanical and hydrophobic properties 133:178 improved mechanical and hydrophobic properties 133:178 Starch-polyurethane (PU) composite films with improved mechanical and hydrophobic properties were developed in this work. 28267502 10 52 theme film 1239:1242 arg1 formulation 1244:1254 The HAGS-PEG-PU film formulation 1223:1254 The HAGS-PEG-PU film formulation containing 20% (w/w) PEG-iso 1223:1283 The HAGS-PEG-PU film formulation containing 20% (w/w) PEG-iso provided the best flexibility (εB>1000%) and hydrophobicity (CA>110°). 28267502 3 53 theme glycol-isocyanate 372:388 arg1 linker 400:405 Polyethylene glycol-isocyanate (PEG-iso) linker 359:405 Polyethylene glycol-isocyanate (PEG-iso) linker 359:405 Polyethylene glycol-isocyanate (PEG-iso) linker was prepared by reacting PEG 1000 with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI). 28267502 2 54 theme simple 211:216 arg1 instrument 270:279 A simple and effective microwave-aided starch gelatinisation instrument 209:279 A simple and effective microwave-aided starch gelatinisation instrument 209:279 A simple and effective microwave-aided starch gelatinisation instrument was used to prepare glycerol plasticized high amylose starch (HAGS) material. 28267502 6 55 theme films 769:773 arg1 properties 697:706 The mechanical properties 682:706 The mechanical properties 682:706 The mechanical properties and hydrophobicity (as contact angle, CA) of the HAGS-PEG-PU films were measured and analysed. 28267502 6 55 theme films 769:773 arg1 CA 746:747 CA 746:747 CA 746:747 The mechanical properties and hydrophobicity (as contact angle, CA) of the HAGS-PEG-PU films were measured and analysed. 28267502 6 55 theme films 769:773 arg1 hydrophobicity 712:725 hydrophobicity 712:725 hydrophobicity (as contact angle, CA) 712:748 The mechanical properties and hydrophobicity (as contact angle, CA) of the HAGS-PEG-PU films were measured and analysed. 28267502 6 56 theme mechanical 686:695 arg1 properties 697:706 The mechanical properties 682:706 The mechanical properties 682:706 The mechanical properties and hydrophobicity (as contact angle, CA) of the HAGS-PEG-PU films were measured and analysed. 28267502 4 57 theme dimensional 537:547 arg1 PEG-PU 568:573 PEG-PU 568:573 PEG-PU 568:573 PEG-iso linker was then grafted into HAGS forming three dimensional urethane networks (PEG-PU). 28267502 4 57 theme dimensional 537:547 arg1 networks 558:565 three dimensional urethane networks 531:565 three dimensional urethane networks (PEG-PU) 531:574 PEG-iso linker was then grafted into HAGS forming three dimensional urethane networks (PEG-PU). 28267502 6 58 theme HAGS-PEG-PU 757:767 arg1 films 769:773 the HAGS-PEG-PU films 753:773 the HAGS-PEG-PU films 753:773 The mechanical properties and hydrophobicity (as contact angle, CA) of the HAGS-PEG-PU films were measured and analysed. 28267502 1 59 with films 122:126 arg1 properties 169:178 improved mechanical and hydrophobic properties 133:178 improved mechanical and hydrophobic properties 133:178 Starch-polyurethane (PU) composite films with improved mechanical and hydrophobic properties were developed in this work. 28267502 8 60 dep mixing 971:976 arg1 the 957:959 the 957:959 the 957:959 Increase of PEG-iso concentration up to 20% (w/w) improved the molecular mixing and interpenetration between the starch and PEG-PU. 28267502 10 61 theme HAGS-PEG-PU 1227:1237 arg1 formulation 1244:1254 The HAGS-PEG-PU film formulation 1223:1254 The HAGS-PEG-PU film formulation containing 20% (w/w) PEG-iso 1223:1283 The HAGS-PEG-PU film formulation containing 20% (w/w) PEG-iso provided the best flexibility (εB>1000%) and hydrophobicity (CA>110°). 24510747 0 0 from purification 15:26 arg1 column 77:82 a zeolite fixed-bed column 57:82 a zeolite fixed-bed column 57:82 Separation and purification of fructooligosaccharides on a zeolite fixed-bed column. 24510747 3 1 theme percent 455:461 arg1 ratio 463:467 bed volume percent ratio 444:467 bed volume percent ratio (2.6-5.1%) 444:478 The effects of column temperature (40-60°C), eluent flow rate (0.10-0.14 mL/min), injected to bed volume percent ratio (2.6-5.1%), and ethanol concentration in the eluent (40-60%, v/v) were investigated using a fractionary factorial design (2(4-1)), having the separation efficiency and purity as target responses. 24510747 3 1 theme percent 455:461 arg1 % 477:477 2.6-5.1% 470:477 2.6-5.1% 470:477 The effects of column temperature (40-60°C), eluent flow rate (0.10-0.14 mL/min), injected to bed volume percent ratio (2.6-5.1%), and ethanol concentration in the eluent (40-60%, v/v) were investigated using a fractionary factorial design (2(4-1)), having the separation efficiency and purity as target responses. 24510747 5 2 theme eluent 1008:1013 arg1 45°C 1018:1021 an eluent at 45°C 1005:1021 an eluent at 45°C with 60% ethanol concentration 1005:1052 In this work, the zeolite fixed-bed column was shown to be a good alternative for FOS purification, allowing a FOS purity of 90% and separation efficiency of 6.86 between FOS and glucose, using an eluent at 45°C with 60% ethanol concentration. 24510747 5 3 theme separation 944:953 arg1 efficiency 955:964 separation efficiency 944:964 separation efficiency 944:964 In this work, the zeolite fixed-bed column was shown to be a good alternative for FOS purification, allowing a FOS purity of 90% and separation efficiency of 6.86 between FOS and glucose, using an eluent at 45°C with 60% ethanol concentration. 24510747 5 4 theme efficiency 955:964 arg1 purity 926:931 a FOS purity 920:931 a FOS purity of 90% and separation efficiency of 6.86 between FOS and glucose 920:996 In this work, the zeolite fixed-bed column was shown to be a good alternative for FOS purification, allowing a FOS purity of 90% and separation efficiency of 6.86 between FOS and glucose, using an eluent at 45°C with 60% ethanol concentration. 24510747 5 5 theme FOS 893:895 arg1 purification 897:908 FOS purification 893:908 FOS purification 893:908 In this work, the zeolite fixed-bed column was shown to be a good alternative for FOS purification, allowing a FOS purity of 90% and separation efficiency of 6.86 between FOS and glucose, using an eluent at 45°C with 60% ethanol concentration. 24510747 2 6 theme fixed-bed 332:340 arg1 column 342:347 a zeolite fixed-bed column 322:347 a zeolite fixed-bed column 322:347 In this work, a methodology for their separation and purification was developed using a zeolite fixed-bed column. 24510747 5 7 theme at 1015:1016 arg1 45°C 1018:1021 an eluent at 45°C 1005:1021 an eluent at 45°C with 60% ethanol concentration 1005:1052 In this work, the zeolite fixed-bed column was shown to be a good alternative for FOS purification, allowing a FOS purity of 90% and separation efficiency of 6.86 between FOS and glucose, using an eluent at 45°C with 60% ethanol concentration. 24510747 0 8 from Separation 0:9 arg1 column 77:82 a zeolite fixed-bed column 57:82 a zeolite fixed-bed column 57:82 Separation and purification of fructooligosaccharides on a zeolite fixed-bed column. 24510747 3 9 from effects 354:360 arg1 eluent 514:519 the eluent 510:519 the eluent (40-60%, v/v) 510:533 The effects of column temperature (40-60°C), eluent flow rate (0.10-0.14 mL/min), injected to bed volume percent ratio (2.6-5.1%), and ethanol concentration in the eluent (40-60%, v/v) were investigated using a fractionary factorial design (2(4-1)), having the separation efficiency and purity as target responses. 24510747 3 9 from effects 354:360 arg1 % 527:527 40-60% 522:527 40-60% 522:527 The effects of column temperature (40-60°C), eluent flow rate (0.10-0.14 mL/min), injected to bed volume percent ratio (2.6-5.1%), and ethanol concentration in the eluent (40-60%, v/v) were investigated using a fractionary factorial design (2(4-1)), having the separation efficiency and purity as target responses. 24510747 3 10 theme bed 444:446 arg1 ratio 463:467 bed volume percent ratio 444:467 bed volume percent ratio (2.6-5.1%) 444:478 The effects of column temperature (40-60°C), eluent flow rate (0.10-0.14 mL/min), injected to bed volume percent ratio (2.6-5.1%), and ethanol concentration in the eluent (40-60%, v/v) were investigated using a fractionary factorial design (2(4-1)), having the separation efficiency and purity as target responses. 24510747 3 10 theme bed 444:446 arg1 % 477:477 2.6-5.1% 470:477 2.6-5.1% 470:477 The effects of column temperature (40-60°C), eluent flow rate (0.10-0.14 mL/min), injected to bed volume percent ratio (2.6-5.1%), and ethanol concentration in the eluent (40-60%, v/v) were investigated using a fractionary factorial design (2(4-1)), having the separation efficiency and purity as target responses. 24510747 4 11 theme Additional 665:674 arg1 experiments 676:686 Additional experiments 665:686 Additional experiments 665:686 Additional experiments were performed as well, where the temperature and ethanol concentration were studied in a central composite design (2(2)). 24510747 4 11 theme Additional 665:674 arg1 well 706:709 well 706:709 well 706:709 Additional experiments were performed as well, where the temperature and ethanol concentration were studied in a central composite design (2(2)). 24510747 3 12 theme rate 407:410 arg1 effects 354:360 The effects 350:360 The effects of column temperature (40-60°C), eluent flow rate (0.10-0.14 mL/min), injected to bed volume percent ratio (2.6-5.1%), and ethanol concentration in the eluent (40-60%, v/v) 350:533 The effects of column temperature (40-60°C), eluent flow rate (0.10-0.14 mL/min), injected to bed volume percent ratio (2.6-5.1%), and ethanol concentration in the eluent (40-60%, v/v) were investigated using a fractionary factorial design (2(4-1)), having the separation efficiency and purity as target responses. 24510747 5 13 theme zeolite 829:835 arg1 alternative 877:887 a good alternative 870:887 a good alternative for FOS purification 870:908 In this work, the zeolite fixed-bed column was shown to be a good alternative for FOS purification, allowing a FOS purity of 90% and separation efficiency of 6.86 between FOS and glucose, using an eluent at 45°C with 60% ethanol concentration. 24510747 5 13 theme zeolite 829:835 arg1 column 847:852 the zeolite fixed-bed column 825:852 the zeolite fixed-bed column 825:852 In this work, the zeolite fixed-bed column was shown to be a good alternative for FOS purification, allowing a FOS purity of 90% and separation efficiency of 6.86 between FOS and glucose, using an eluent at 45°C with 60% ethanol concentration. 24510747 3 14 theme column 365:370 arg1 40-60°C 385:391 40-60°C 385:391 40-60°C 385:391 The effects of column temperature (40-60°C), eluent flow rate (0.10-0.14 mL/min), injected to bed volume percent ratio (2.6-5.1%), and ethanol concentration in the eluent (40-60%, v/v) were investigated using a fractionary factorial design (2(4-1)), having the separation efficiency and purity as target responses. 24510747 3 14 theme column 365:370 arg1 temperature 372:382 column temperature 365:382 column temperature (40-60°C) 365:392 The effects of column temperature (40-60°C), eluent flow rate (0.10-0.14 mL/min), injected to bed volume percent ratio (2.6-5.1%), and ethanol concentration in the eluent (40-60%, v/v) were investigated using a fractionary factorial design (2(4-1)), having the separation efficiency and purity as target responses. 24510747 5 15 theme % 938:938 arg1 purity 926:931 a FOS purity 920:931 a FOS purity of 90% and separation efficiency of 6.86 between FOS and glucose 920:996 In this work, the zeolite fixed-bed column was shown to be a good alternative for FOS purification, allowing a FOS purity of 90% and separation efficiency of 6.86 between FOS and glucose, using an eluent at 45°C with 60% ethanol concentration. 24510747 3 16 theme separation 611:620 arg1 purity 637:642 purity 637:642 purity 637:642 The effects of column temperature (40-60°C), eluent flow rate (0.10-0.14 mL/min), injected to bed volume percent ratio (2.6-5.1%), and ethanol concentration in the eluent (40-60%, v/v) were investigated using a fractionary factorial design (2(4-1)), having the separation efficiency and purity as target responses. 24510747 3 16 theme separation 611:620 arg1 responses 654:662 target responses 647:662 target responses 647:662 The effects of column temperature (40-60°C), eluent flow rate (0.10-0.14 mL/min), injected to bed volume percent ratio (2.6-5.1%), and ethanol concentration in the eluent (40-60%, v/v) were investigated using a fractionary factorial design (2(4-1)), having the separation efficiency and purity as target responses. 24510747 3 16 theme separation 611:620 arg1 efficiency 622:631 the separation efficiency 607:631 the separation efficiency 607:631 The effects of column temperature (40-60°C), eluent flow rate (0.10-0.14 mL/min), injected to bed volume percent ratio (2.6-5.1%), and ethanol concentration in the eluent (40-60%, v/v) were investigated using a fractionary factorial design (2(4-1)), having the separation efficiency and purity as target responses. 24510747 3 17 theme eluent 395:400 arg1 rate 407:410 eluent flow rate 395:410 eluent flow rate (0.10-0.14 mL/min) 395:429 The effects of column temperature (40-60°C), eluent flow rate (0.10-0.14 mL/min), injected to bed volume percent ratio (2.6-5.1%), and ethanol concentration in the eluent (40-60%, v/v) were investigated using a fractionary factorial design (2(4-1)), having the separation efficiency and purity as target responses. 24510747 3 17 theme eluent 395:400 arg1 mL/min 423:428 0.10-0.14 mL/min 413:428 0.10-0.14 mL/min 413:428 The effects of column temperature (40-60°C), eluent flow rate (0.10-0.14 mL/min), injected to bed volume percent ratio (2.6-5.1%), and ethanol concentration in the eluent (40-60%, v/v) were investigated using a fractionary factorial design (2(4-1)), having the separation efficiency and purity as target responses. 24510747 3 18 theme temperature 372:382 arg1 effects 354:360 The effects 350:360 The effects of column temperature (40-60°C), eluent flow rate (0.10-0.14 mL/min), injected to bed volume percent ratio (2.6-5.1%), and ethanol concentration in the eluent (40-60%, v/v) 350:533 The effects of column temperature (40-60°C), eluent flow rate (0.10-0.14 mL/min), injected to bed volume percent ratio (2.6-5.1%), and ethanol concentration in the eluent (40-60%, v/v) were investigated using a fractionary factorial design (2(4-1)), having the separation efficiency and purity as target responses. 24510747 4 19 theme ethanol 738:744 arg1 concentration 746:758 ethanol concentration 738:758 ethanol concentration 738:758 Additional experiments were performed as well, where the temperature and ethanol concentration were studied in a central composite design (2(2)). 24510747 3 20 theme flow 402:405 arg1 rate 407:410 eluent flow rate 395:410 eluent flow rate (0.10-0.14 mL/min) 395:429 The effects of column temperature (40-60°C), eluent flow rate (0.10-0.14 mL/min), injected to bed volume percent ratio (2.6-5.1%), and ethanol concentration in the eluent (40-60%, v/v) were investigated using a fractionary factorial design (2(4-1)), having the separation efficiency and purity as target responses. 24510747 3 20 theme flow 402:405 arg1 mL/min 423:428 0.10-0.14 mL/min 413:428 0.10-0.14 mL/min 413:428 The effects of column temperature (40-60°C), eluent flow rate (0.10-0.14 mL/min), injected to bed volume percent ratio (2.6-5.1%), and ethanol concentration in the eluent (40-60%, v/v) were investigated using a fractionary factorial design (2(4-1)), having the separation efficiency and purity as target responses. 24510747 5 21 from 45°C 1018:1021 arg1 at 1015:1016 an eluent at 45°C 1005:1021 an eluent at 45°C with 60% ethanol concentration 1005:1052 In this work, the zeolite fixed-bed column was shown to be a good alternative for FOS purification, allowing a FOS purity of 90% and separation efficiency of 6.86 between FOS and glucose, using an eluent at 45°C with 60% ethanol concentration. 24510747 3 22 theme ethanol 485:491 arg1 concentration 493:505 ethanol concentration 485:505 ethanol concentration 485:505 The effects of column temperature (40-60°C), eluent flow rate (0.10-0.14 mL/min), injected to bed volume percent ratio (2.6-5.1%), and ethanol concentration in the eluent (40-60%, v/v) were investigated using a fractionary factorial design (2(4-1)), having the separation efficiency and purity as target responses. 24510747 3 23 theme concentration 493:505 arg1 effects 354:360 The effects 350:360 The effects of column temperature (40-60°C), eluent flow rate (0.10-0.14 mL/min), injected to bed volume percent ratio (2.6-5.1%), and ethanol concentration in the eluent (40-60%, v/v) 350:533 The effects of column temperature (40-60°C), eluent flow rate (0.10-0.14 mL/min), injected to bed volume percent ratio (2.6-5.1%), and ethanol concentration in the eluent (40-60%, v/v) were investigated using a fractionary factorial design (2(4-1)), having the separation efficiency and purity as target responses. 24510747 1 24 theme well-known 117:126 arg1 product 138:144 a well-known prebiotic product 115:144 a well-known prebiotic product 115:144 Fructooligosaccharides (FOS), a well-known prebiotic product, are obtained by enzymatic synthesis and consist of a mixture of mono- and disaccharides. 24510747 1 24 theme well-known 117:126 arg1 Fructooligosaccharides 85:106 Fructooligosaccharides 85:106 Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) 85:112 Fructooligosaccharides (FOS), a well-known prebiotic product, are obtained by enzymatic synthesis and consist of a mixture of mono- and disaccharides. 24510747 3 25 theme fractionary 561:571 arg1 design 583:588 a fractionary factorial design 559:588 a fractionary factorial design (2(4-1)) 559:597 The effects of column temperature (40-60°C), eluent flow rate (0.10-0.14 mL/min), injected to bed volume percent ratio (2.6-5.1%), and ethanol concentration in the eluent (40-60%, v/v) were investigated using a fractionary factorial design (2(4-1)), having the separation efficiency and purity as target responses. 24510747 3 25 theme fractionary 561:571 arg1 2 591:591 2 591:591 2 591:591 The effects of column temperature (40-60°C), eluent flow rate (0.10-0.14 mL/min), injected to bed volume percent ratio (2.6-5.1%), and ethanol concentration in the eluent (40-60%, v/v) were investigated using a fractionary factorial design (2(4-1)), having the separation efficiency and purity as target responses. 24510747 3 26 dep % 527:527 arg1 v/v 530:532 v/v 530:532 v/v 530:532 The effects of column temperature (40-60°C), eluent flow rate (0.10-0.14 mL/min), injected to bed volume percent ratio (2.6-5.1%), and ethanol concentration in the eluent (40-60%, v/v) were investigated using a fractionary factorial design (2(4-1)), having the separation efficiency and purity as target responses. 24510747 1 27 theme enzymatic 163:171 arg1 synthesis 173:181 enzymatic synthesis 163:181 enzymatic synthesis 163:181 Fructooligosaccharides (FOS), a well-known prebiotic product, are obtained by enzymatic synthesis and consist of a mixture of mono- and disaccharides. 24510747 5 28 theme 6.86 969:972 arg1 6.86 969:972 6.86 969:972 6.86 969:972 In this work, the zeolite fixed-bed column was shown to be a good alternative for FOS purification, allowing a FOS purity of 90% and separation efficiency of 6.86 between FOS and glucose, using an eluent at 45°C with 60% ethanol concentration. 24510747 5 28 theme 6.86 969:972 arg1 % 938:938 90% 936:938 90% 936:938 In this work, the zeolite fixed-bed column was shown to be a good alternative for FOS purification, allowing a FOS purity of 90% and separation efficiency of 6.86 between FOS and glucose, using an eluent at 45°C with 60% ethanol concentration. 24510747 5 28 theme 6.86 969:972 arg1 efficiency 955:964 separation efficiency 944:964 separation efficiency 944:964 In this work, the zeolite fixed-bed column was shown to be a good alternative for FOS purification, allowing a FOS purity of 90% and separation efficiency of 6.86 between FOS and glucose, using an eluent at 45°C with 60% ethanol concentration. 24510747 0 29 theme fructooligosaccharides 31:52 arg1 purification 15:26 purification 15:26 purification 15:26 Separation and purification of fructooligosaccharides on a zeolite fixed-bed column. 24510747 0 29 theme fructooligosaccharides 31:52 arg1 Separation 0:9 Separation 0:9 Separation 0:9 Separation and purification of fructooligosaccharides on a zeolite fixed-bed column. 24510747 5 30 theme ethanol 1032:1038 arg1 concentration 1040:1052 60% ethanol concentration 1028:1052 60% ethanol concentration 1028:1052 In this work, the zeolite fixed-bed column was shown to be a good alternative for FOS purification, allowing a FOS purity of 90% and separation efficiency of 6.86 between FOS and glucose, using an eluent at 45°C with 60% ethanol concentration. 24510747 5 31 with 45°C 1018:1021 arg1 concentration 1040:1052 60% ethanol concentration 1028:1052 60% ethanol concentration 1028:1052 In this work, the zeolite fixed-bed column was shown to be a good alternative for FOS purification, allowing a FOS purity of 90% and separation efficiency of 6.86 between FOS and glucose, using an eluent at 45°C with 60% ethanol concentration. 24510747 0 32 theme zeolite 59:65 arg1 column 77:82 a zeolite fixed-bed column 57:82 a zeolite fixed-bed column 57:82 Separation and purification of fructooligosaccharides on a zeolite fixed-bed column. 24510747 4 33 theme composite 786:794 arg1 design 796:801 a central composite design 776:801 a central composite design (2(2)) 776:808 Additional experiments were performed as well, where the temperature and ethanol concentration were studied in a central composite design (2(2)). 24510747 4 33 theme composite 786:794 arg1 2 804:804 2 804:804 2 804:804 Additional experiments were performed as well, where the temperature and ethanol concentration were studied in a central composite design (2(2)). 24510747 5 34 theme FOS 922:924 arg1 purity 926:931 a FOS purity 920:931 a FOS purity of 90% and separation efficiency of 6.86 between FOS and glucose 920:996 In this work, the zeolite fixed-bed column was shown to be a good alternative for FOS purification, allowing a FOS purity of 90% and separation efficiency of 6.86 between FOS and glucose, using an eluent at 45°C with 60% ethanol concentration. 24510747 2 35 theme zeolite 324:330 arg1 column 342:347 a zeolite fixed-bed column 322:347 a zeolite fixed-bed column 322:347 In this work, a methodology for their separation and purification was developed using a zeolite fixed-bed column. 24510747 3 36 theme target 647:652 arg1 purity 637:642 purity 637:642 purity 637:642 The effects of column temperature (40-60°C), eluent flow rate (0.10-0.14 mL/min), injected to bed volume percent ratio (2.6-5.1%), and ethanol concentration in the eluent (40-60%, v/v) were investigated using a fractionary factorial design (2(4-1)), having the separation efficiency and purity as target responses. 24510747 3 36 theme target 647:652 arg1 responses 654:662 target responses 647:662 target responses 647:662 The effects of column temperature (40-60°C), eluent flow rate (0.10-0.14 mL/min), injected to bed volume percent ratio (2.6-5.1%), and ethanol concentration in the eluent (40-60%, v/v) were investigated using a fractionary factorial design (2(4-1)), having the separation efficiency and purity as target responses. 24510747 3 36 theme target 647:652 arg1 efficiency 622:631 the separation efficiency 607:631 the separation efficiency 607:631 The effects of column temperature (40-60°C), eluent flow rate (0.10-0.14 mL/min), injected to bed volume percent ratio (2.6-5.1%), and ethanol concentration in the eluent (40-60%, v/v) were investigated using a fractionary factorial design (2(4-1)), having the separation efficiency and purity as target responses. 24510747 4 37 theme central 778:784 arg1 design 796:801 a central composite design 776:801 a central composite design (2(2)) 776:808 Additional experiments were performed as well, where the temperature and ethanol concentration were studied in a central composite design (2(2)). 24510747 4 37 theme central 778:784 arg1 2 804:804 2 804:804 2 804:804 Additional experiments were performed as well, where the temperature and ethanol concentration were studied in a central composite design (2(2)). 24510747 5 38 theme good 872:875 arg1 alternative 877:887 a good alternative 870:887 a good alternative for FOS purification 870:908 In this work, the zeolite fixed-bed column was shown to be a good alternative for FOS purification, allowing a FOS purity of 90% and separation efficiency of 6.86 between FOS and glucose, using an eluent at 45°C with 60% ethanol concentration. 24510747 5 38 theme good 872:875 arg1 column 847:852 the zeolite fixed-bed column 825:852 the zeolite fixed-bed column 825:852 In this work, the zeolite fixed-bed column was shown to be a good alternative for FOS purification, allowing a FOS purity of 90% and separation efficiency of 6.86 between FOS and glucose, using an eluent at 45°C with 60% ethanol concentration. 24510747 3 39 theme volume 448:453 arg1 ratio 463:467 bed volume percent ratio 444:467 bed volume percent ratio (2.6-5.1%) 444:478 The effects of column temperature (40-60°C), eluent flow rate (0.10-0.14 mL/min), injected to bed volume percent ratio (2.6-5.1%), and ethanol concentration in the eluent (40-60%, v/v) were investigated using a fractionary factorial design (2(4-1)), having the separation efficiency and purity as target responses. 24510747 3 39 theme volume 448:453 arg1 % 477:477 2.6-5.1% 470:477 2.6-5.1% 470:477 The effects of column temperature (40-60°C), eluent flow rate (0.10-0.14 mL/min), injected to bed volume percent ratio (2.6-5.1%), and ethanol concentration in the eluent (40-60%, v/v) were investigated using a fractionary factorial design (2(4-1)), having the separation efficiency and purity as target responses. 24510747 5 40 theme fixed-bed 837:845 arg1 alternative 877:887 a good alternative 870:887 a good alternative for FOS purification 870:908 In this work, the zeolite fixed-bed column was shown to be a good alternative for FOS purification, allowing a FOS purity of 90% and separation efficiency of 6.86 between FOS and glucose, using an eluent at 45°C with 60% ethanol concentration. 24510747 5 40 theme fixed-bed 837:845 arg1 column 847:852 the zeolite fixed-bed column 825:852 the zeolite fixed-bed column 825:852 In this work, the zeolite fixed-bed column was shown to be a good alternative for FOS purification, allowing a FOS purity of 90% and separation efficiency of 6.86 between FOS and glucose, using an eluent at 45°C with 60% ethanol concentration. 24510747 1 41 theme prebiotic 128:136 arg1 product 138:144 a well-known prebiotic product 115:144 a well-known prebiotic product 115:144 Fructooligosaccharides (FOS), a well-known prebiotic product, are obtained by enzymatic synthesis and consist of a mixture of mono- and disaccharides. 24510747 1 41 theme prebiotic 128:136 arg1 Fructooligosaccharides 85:106 Fructooligosaccharides 85:106 Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) 85:112 Fructooligosaccharides (FOS), a well-known prebiotic product, are obtained by enzymatic synthesis and consist of a mixture of mono- and disaccharides. 24510747 1 42 theme mono- 211:215 arg1 mixture 200:206 a mixture 198:206 a mixture of mono- and disaccharides 198:233 Fructooligosaccharides (FOS), a well-known prebiotic product, are obtained by enzymatic synthesis and consist of a mixture of mono- and disaccharides. 24510747 3 43 theme factorial 573:581 arg1 design 583:588 a fractionary factorial design 559:588 a fractionary factorial design (2(4-1)) 559:597 The effects of column temperature (40-60°C), eluent flow rate (0.10-0.14 mL/min), injected to bed volume percent ratio (2.6-5.1%), and ethanol concentration in the eluent (40-60%, v/v) were investigated using a fractionary factorial design (2(4-1)), having the separation efficiency and purity as target responses. 24510747 3 43 theme factorial 573:581 arg1 2 591:591 2 591:591 2 591:591 The effects of column temperature (40-60°C), eluent flow rate (0.10-0.14 mL/min), injected to bed volume percent ratio (2.6-5.1%), and ethanol concentration in the eluent (40-60%, v/v) were investigated using a fractionary factorial design (2(4-1)), having the separation efficiency and purity as target responses. 24510747 5 44 theme % 1030:1030 arg1 concentration 1040:1052 60% ethanol concentration 1028:1052 60% ethanol concentration 1028:1052 In this work, the zeolite fixed-bed column was shown to be a good alternative for FOS purification, allowing a FOS purity of 90% and separation efficiency of 6.86 between FOS and glucose, using an eluent at 45°C with 60% ethanol concentration. 24510747 1 45 theme disaccharides 221:233 arg1 mixture 200:206 a mixture 198:206 a mixture of mono- and disaccharides 198:233 Fructooligosaccharides (FOS), a well-known prebiotic product, are obtained by enzymatic synthesis and consist of a mixture of mono- and disaccharides. 24510747 0 46 theme fixed-bed 67:75 arg1 column 77:82 a zeolite fixed-bed column 57:82 a zeolite fixed-bed column 57:82 Separation and purification of fructooligosaccharides on a zeolite fixed-bed column. 24510747 5 47 theme 60 1028:1029 arg1 % 1030:1030 % 1030:1030 % 1030:1030 In this work, the zeolite fixed-bed column was shown to be a good alternative for FOS purification, allowing a FOS purity of 90% and separation efficiency of 6.86 between FOS and glucose, using an eluent at 45°C with 60% ethanol concentration. 25450552 0 0 theme new 76:78 arg1 tool 80:83 a new tool 74:83 a new tool for biomedical application 74:110 Injectable and photocross-linkable gels based on gellan gum methacrylate: a new tool for biomedical application. 25450552 7 1 contain having 1228:1233 arg2 hindrance 1255:1263 different spherical hindrance 1235:1263 different spherical hindrance (sulindac and vitamin B12) 1235:1290 Model molecules having different spherical hindrance (sulindac and vitamin B12) were then chosen to study how the hydrogels were able to modulate their diffusion profiles over time. 25450552 7 1 contain having 1228:1233 arg1 molecules 1218:1226 Model molecules 1212:1226 Model molecules having different spherical hindrance (sulindac and vitamin B12) 1212:1290 Model molecules having different spherical hindrance (sulindac and vitamin B12) were then chosen to study how the hydrogels were able to modulate their diffusion profiles over time. 25450552 1 2 theme natural 129:135 arg1 GG 164:165 GG 164:165 GG 164:165 In this work, a natural polysaccharide gellan gum (GG) has been modified with methacrylic groups (GG-MA) and combined with polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEG-DMA) in order to create novel injectable hydrogels that can be easily delivered through a needle and photocross-linked in the injection site. 25450552 1 2 theme natural 129:135 arg1 gum 159:161 a natural polysaccharide gellan gum 127:161 a natural polysaccharide gellan gum (GG) 127:166 In this work, a natural polysaccharide gellan gum (GG) has been modified with methacrylic groups (GG-MA) and combined with polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEG-DMA) in order to create novel injectable hydrogels that can be easily delivered through a needle and photocross-linked in the injection site. 25450552 5 3 theme extreme 1041:1047 arg1 fragility 1049:1057 their extreme fragility 1035:1057 their extreme fragility 1035:1057 For this reason, several concentrations and different molecular weights of PEG-DMA were investigated to modulate the composition of GG-MA hydrogels and overcome their extreme fragility. 25450552 1 4 theme polysaccharide 137:150 arg1 GG 164:165 GG 164:165 GG 164:165 In this work, a natural polysaccharide gellan gum (GG) has been modified with methacrylic groups (GG-MA) and combined with polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEG-DMA) in order to create novel injectable hydrogels that can be easily delivered through a needle and photocross-linked in the injection site. 25450552 1 4 theme polysaccharide 137:150 arg1 gum 159:161 a natural polysaccharide gellan gum 127:161 a natural polysaccharide gellan gum (GG) 127:166 In this work, a natural polysaccharide gellan gum (GG) has been modified with methacrylic groups (GG-MA) and combined with polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEG-DMA) in order to create novel injectable hydrogels that can be easily delivered through a needle and photocross-linked in the injection site. 25450552 8 5 theme human 1474:1478 arg1 fibroblasts 1480:1490 human fibroblasts 1474:1490 human fibroblasts 1474:1490 Finally, the hydrogel's safety was evaluated trough an MTT cytotoxicity test on human fibroblasts. 25450552 6 6 theme hydrogels 1086:1094 arg1 parameter 1137:1145 a key parameter 1131:1145 a key parameter able to affect the release profile of loaded therapeutic agents 1131:1209 Swelling abilities of the hydrogels in different media were studied as a key parameter able to affect the release profile of loaded therapeutic agents. 25450552 6 6 theme hydrogels 1086:1094 arg1 abilities 1069:1077 Swelling abilities 1060:1077 Swelling abilities of the hydrogels in different media 1060:1113 Swelling abilities of the hydrogels in different media were studied as a key parameter able to affect the release profile of loaded therapeutic agents. 25450552 1 7 theme novel 300:304 arg1 hydrogels 317:325 novel injectable hydrogels 300:325 novel injectable hydrogels that can be easily delivered through a needle and photocross-linked in the injection site 300:415 In this work, a natural polysaccharide gellan gum (GG) has been modified with methacrylic groups (GG-MA) and combined with polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEG-DMA) in order to create novel injectable hydrogels that can be easily delivered through a needle and photocross-linked in the injection site. 25450552 4 8 theme soft 860:863 arg1 tissues 865:871 damaged soft tissues 852:871 damaged soft tissues 852:871 A good balance in terms of hydrophilicity and elasticity of the corresponding hydrogels was identified, although not suitable enough as injectable material for the treatment of damaged soft tissues. 25450552 6 9 theme release 1166:1172 arg1 profile 1174:1180 the release profile 1162:1180 the release profile of loaded therapeutic agents 1162:1209 Swelling abilities of the hydrogels in different media were studied as a key parameter able to affect the release profile of loaded therapeutic agents. 25450552 7 10 dep hindrance 1255:1263 arg1 sulindac 1266:1273 sulindac 1266:1273 sulindac 1266:1273 Model molecules having different spherical hindrance (sulindac and vitamin B12) were then chosen to study how the hydrogels were able to modulate their diffusion profiles over time. 25450552 7 10 dep hindrance 1255:1263 arg1 B12 1287:1289 vitamin B12 1279:1289 vitamin B12 1279:1289 Model molecules having different spherical hindrance (sulindac and vitamin B12) were then chosen to study how the hydrogels were able to modulate their diffusion profiles over time. 25450552 4 11 theme hydrophilicity 702:715 arg1 terms 693:697 terms 693:697 terms of hydrophilicity and elasticity of the corresponding hydrogels 693:761 A good balance in terms of hydrophilicity and elasticity of the corresponding hydrogels was identified, although not suitable enough as injectable material for the treatment of damaged soft tissues. 25450552 1 12 theme injectable 306:315 arg1 hydrogels 317:325 novel injectable hydrogels 300:325 novel injectable hydrogels that can be easily delivered through a needle and photocross-linked in the injection site 300:415 In this work, a natural polysaccharide gellan gum (GG) has been modified with methacrylic groups (GG-MA) and combined with polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEG-DMA) in order to create novel injectable hydrogels that can be easily delivered through a needle and photocross-linked in the injection site. 25450552 4 13 theme damaged 852:858 arg1 tissues 865:871 damaged soft tissues 852:871 damaged soft tissues 852:871 A good balance in terms of hydrophilicity and elasticity of the corresponding hydrogels was identified, although not suitable enough as injectable material for the treatment of damaged soft tissues. 25450552 1 14 theme injection 402:410 arg1 site 412:415 the injection site 398:415 the injection site 398:415 In this work, a natural polysaccharide gellan gum (GG) has been modified with methacrylic groups (GG-MA) and combined with polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEG-DMA) in order to create novel injectable hydrogels that can be easily delivered through a needle and photocross-linked in the injection site. 25450552 5 15 theme PEG-DMA 949:955 arg1 weights 938:944 different molecular weights 918:944 different molecular weights of PEG-DMA 918:955 For this reason, several concentrations and different molecular weights of PEG-DMA were investigated to modulate the composition of GG-MA hydrogels and overcome their extreme fragility. 25450552 5 15 theme PEG-DMA 949:955 arg1 concentrations 899:912 several concentrations 891:912 several concentrations 891:912 For this reason, several concentrations and different molecular weights of PEG-DMA were investigated to modulate the composition of GG-MA hydrogels and overcome their extreme fragility. 25450552 6 16 from abilities 1069:1077 arg1 media 1109:1113 different media 1099:1113 different media 1099:1113 Swelling abilities of the hydrogels in different media were studied as a key parameter able to affect the release profile of loaded therapeutic agents. 25450552 4 17 theme hydrogels 753:761 arg1 elasticity 721:730 elasticity 721:730 elasticity 721:730 A good balance in terms of hydrophilicity and elasticity of the corresponding hydrogels was identified, although not suitable enough as injectable material for the treatment of damaged soft tissues. 25450552 4 17 theme hydrogels 753:761 arg1 hydrophilicity 702:715 hydrophilicity 702:715 hydrophilicity 702:715 A good balance in terms of hydrophilicity and elasticity of the corresponding hydrogels was identified, although not suitable enough as injectable material for the treatment of damaged soft tissues. 25450552 1 18 theme gellan 152:157 arg1 GG 164:165 GG 164:165 GG 164:165 In this work, a natural polysaccharide gellan gum (GG) has been modified with methacrylic groups (GG-MA) and combined with polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEG-DMA) in order to create novel injectable hydrogels that can be easily delivered through a needle and photocross-linked in the injection site. 25450552 1 18 theme gellan 152:157 arg1 gum 159:161 a natural polysaccharide gellan gum 127:161 a natural polysaccharide gellan gum (GG) 127:166 In this work, a natural polysaccharide gellan gum (GG) has been modified with methacrylic groups (GG-MA) and combined with polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEG-DMA) in order to create novel injectable hydrogels that can be easily delivered through a needle and photocross-linked in the injection site. 25450552 0 19 theme biomedical 89:98 arg1 application 100:110 biomedical application 89:110 biomedical application 89:110 Injectable and photocross-linkable gels based on gellan gum methacrylate: a new tool for biomedical application. 25450552 4 20 theme injectable 811:820 arg1 material 822:829 injectable material 811:829 injectable material for the treatment of damaged soft tissues 811:871 A good balance in terms of hydrophilicity and elasticity of the corresponding hydrogels was identified, although not suitable enough as injectable material for the treatment of damaged soft tissues. 25450552 6 21 theme key 1133:1135 arg1 parameter 1137:1145 a key parameter 1131:1145 a key parameter able to affect the release profile of loaded therapeutic agents 1131:1209 Swelling abilities of the hydrogels in different media were studied as a key parameter able to affect the release profile of loaded therapeutic agents. 25450552 6 21 theme key 1133:1135 arg1 abilities 1069:1077 Swelling abilities 1060:1077 Swelling abilities of the hydrogels in different media 1060:1113 Swelling abilities of the hydrogels in different media were studied as a key parameter able to affect the release profile of loaded therapeutic agents. 25450552 4 22 theme corresponding 739:751 arg1 hydrogels 753:761 the corresponding hydrogels 735:761 the corresponding hydrogels 735:761 A good balance in terms of hydrophilicity and elasticity of the corresponding hydrogels was identified, although not suitable enough as injectable material for the treatment of damaged soft tissues. 25450552 6 23 theme able 1147:1150 arg1 parameter 1137:1145 a key parameter 1131:1145 a key parameter able to affect the release profile of loaded therapeutic agents 1131:1209 Swelling abilities of the hydrogels in different media were studied as a key parameter able to affect the release profile of loaded therapeutic agents. 25450552 6 23 theme able 1147:1150 arg1 abilities 1069:1077 Swelling abilities 1060:1077 Swelling abilities of the hydrogels in different media 1060:1113 Swelling abilities of the hydrogels in different media were studied as a key parameter able to affect the release profile of loaded therapeutic agents. 25450552 3 24 theme Different 527:535 arg1 degrees 537:543 Different degrees 527:543 Different degrees of functionalization 527:564 Different degrees of functionalization have been achieved and their effects on the solubility and mechanical properties of GG-MA were investigated. 25450552 3 25 from effects 595:601 arg1 solubility 610:619 solubility 610:619 solubility 610:619 Different degrees of functionalization have been achieved and their effects on the solubility and mechanical properties of GG-MA were investigated. 25450552 3 25 from effects 595:601 arg1 properties 636:645 mechanical properties 625:645 mechanical properties 625:645 Different degrees of functionalization have been achieved and their effects on the solubility and mechanical properties of GG-MA were investigated. 25450552 6 26 theme Swelling 1060:1067 arg1 parameter 1137:1145 a key parameter 1131:1145 a key parameter able to affect the release profile of loaded therapeutic agents 1131:1209 Swelling abilities of the hydrogels in different media were studied as a key parameter able to affect the release profile of loaded therapeutic agents. 25450552 6 26 theme Swelling 1060:1067 arg1 abilities 1069:1077 Swelling abilities 1060:1077 Swelling abilities of the hydrogels in different media 1060:1113 Swelling abilities of the hydrogels in different media were studied as a key parameter able to affect the release profile of loaded therapeutic agents. 25450552 0 27 theme Injectable 0:9 arg1 gels 35:38 Injectable and photocross-linkable gels 0:38 Injectable and photocross-linkable gels 0:38 Injectable and photocross-linkable gels based on gellan gum methacrylate: a new tool for biomedical application. 25450552 8 28 theme MTT 1449:1451 arg1 test 1466:1469 an MTT cytotoxicity test 1446:1469 an MTT cytotoxicity test 1446:1469 Finally, the hydrogel's safety was evaluated trough an MTT cytotoxicity test on human fibroblasts. 25450552 5 29 theme different 918:926 arg1 weights 938:944 different molecular weights 918:944 different molecular weights of PEG-DMA 918:955 For this reason, several concentrations and different molecular weights of PEG-DMA were investigated to modulate the composition of GG-MA hydrogels and overcome their extreme fragility. 25450552 8 30 theme cytotoxicity 1453:1464 arg1 test 1466:1469 an MTT cytotoxicity test 1446:1469 an MTT cytotoxicity test 1446:1469 Finally, the hydrogel's safety was evaluated trough an MTT cytotoxicity test on human fibroblasts. 25450552 1 31 theme polyethylene 236:247 arg1 glycol 249:254 polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate 236:269 polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEG-DMA) 236:279 In this work, a natural polysaccharide gellan gum (GG) has been modified with methacrylic groups (GG-MA) and combined with polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEG-DMA) in order to create novel injectable hydrogels that can be easily delivered through a needle and photocross-linked in the injection site. 25450552 1 31 theme polyethylene 236:247 arg1 PEG-DMA 272:278 PEG-DMA 272:278 PEG-DMA 272:278 In this work, a natural polysaccharide gellan gum (GG) has been modified with methacrylic groups (GG-MA) and combined with polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEG-DMA) in order to create novel injectable hydrogels that can be easily delivered through a needle and photocross-linked in the injection site. 25450552 6 32 theme agents 1204:1209 arg1 profile 1174:1180 the release profile 1162:1180 the release profile of loaded therapeutic agents 1162:1209 Swelling abilities of the hydrogels in different media were studied as a key parameter able to affect the release profile of loaded therapeutic agents. 25450552 4 33 theme elasticity 721:730 arg1 terms 693:697 terms 693:697 terms of hydrophilicity and elasticity of the corresponding hydrogels 693:761 A good balance in terms of hydrophilicity and elasticity of the corresponding hydrogels was identified, although not suitable enough as injectable material for the treatment of damaged soft tissues. 25450552 0 34 theme photocross-linkable 15:33 arg1 gels 35:38 Injectable and photocross-linkable gels 0:38 Injectable and photocross-linkable gels 0:38 Injectable and photocross-linkable gels based on gellan gum methacrylate: a new tool for biomedical application. 25450552 7 35 theme different 1235:1243 arg1 hindrance 1255:1263 different spherical hindrance 1235:1263 different spherical hindrance (sulindac and vitamin B12) 1235:1290 Model molecules having different spherical hindrance (sulindac and vitamin B12) were then chosen to study how the hydrogels were able to modulate their diffusion profiles over time. 25450552 6 36 theme different 1099:1107 arg1 media 1109:1113 different media 1099:1113 different media 1099:1113 Swelling abilities of the hydrogels in different media were studied as a key parameter able to affect the release profile of loaded therapeutic agents. 25450552 2 37 theme synthetic 426:434 arg1 procedure 436:444 A novel synthetic procedure 418:444 A novel synthetic procedure for methacrylation of GG 418:469 A novel synthetic procedure for methacrylation of GG has been proposed to better control its derivatization. 25450552 1 38 theme dimethacrylate 256:269 arg1 glycol 249:254 polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate 236:269 polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEG-DMA) 236:279 In this work, a natural polysaccharide gellan gum (GG) has been modified with methacrylic groups (GG-MA) and combined with polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEG-DMA) in order to create novel injectable hydrogels that can be easily delivered through a needle and photocross-linked in the injection site. 25450552 1 38 theme dimethacrylate 256:269 arg1 PEG-DMA 272:278 PEG-DMA 272:278 PEG-DMA 272:278 In this work, a natural polysaccharide gellan gum (GG) has been modified with methacrylic groups (GG-MA) and combined with polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEG-DMA) in order to create novel injectable hydrogels that can be easily delivered through a needle and photocross-linked in the injection site. 25450552 7 39 theme spherical 1245:1253 arg1 hindrance 1255:1263 different spherical hindrance 1235:1263 different spherical hindrance (sulindac and vitamin B12) 1235:1290 Model molecules having different spherical hindrance (sulindac and vitamin B12) were then chosen to study how the hydrogels were able to modulate their diffusion profiles over time. 25450552 1 40 attach photocross-linked 377:393 arg3 site 412:415 the injection site 398:415 the injection site 398:415 In this work, a natural polysaccharide gellan gum (GG) has been modified with methacrylic groups (GG-MA) and combined with polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEG-DMA) in order to create novel injectable hydrogels that can be easily delivered through a needle and photocross-linked in the injection site. 25450552 2 41 theme novel 420:424 arg1 procedure 436:444 A novel synthetic procedure 418:444 A novel synthetic procedure for methacrylation of GG 418:469 A novel synthetic procedure for methacrylation of GG has been proposed to better control its derivatization. 25450552 8 42 dep evaluated 1429:1437 arg1 trough 1439:1444 trough 1439:1444 trough 1439:1444 Finally, the hydrogel's safety was evaluated trough an MTT cytotoxicity test on human fibroblasts. 25450552 5 43 theme GG-MA 1006:1010 arg1 hydrogels 1012:1020 GG-MA hydrogels 1006:1020 GG-MA hydrogels 1006:1020 For this reason, several concentrations and different molecular weights of PEG-DMA were investigated to modulate the composition of GG-MA hydrogels and overcome their extreme fragility. 25450552 2 44 theme GG 468:469 arg1 methacrylation 450:463 methacrylation 450:463 methacrylation of GG 450:469 A novel synthetic procedure for methacrylation of GG has been proposed to better control its derivatization. 25450552 0 45 theme gum 56:58 arg1 methacrylate 60:71 gellan gum methacrylate 49:71 gellan gum methacrylate 49:71 Injectable and photocross-linkable gels based on gellan gum methacrylate: a new tool for biomedical application. 25450552 5 46 theme hydrogels 1012:1020 arg1 composition 991:1001 the composition 987:1001 the composition of GG-MA hydrogels 987:1020 For this reason, several concentrations and different molecular weights of PEG-DMA were investigated to modulate the composition of GG-MA hydrogels and overcome their extreme fragility. 25450552 6 47 from media 1109:1113 arg1 parameter 1137:1145 a key parameter 1131:1145 a key parameter able to affect the release profile of loaded therapeutic agents 1131:1209 Swelling abilities of the hydrogels in different media were studied as a key parameter able to affect the release profile of loaded therapeutic agents. 25450552 6 47 from media 1109:1113 arg1 abilities 1069:1077 Swelling abilities 1060:1077 Swelling abilities of the hydrogels in different media 1060:1113 Swelling abilities of the hydrogels in different media were studied as a key parameter able to affect the release profile of loaded therapeutic agents. 25450552 0 48 theme gellan 49:54 arg1 methacrylate 60:71 gellan gum methacrylate 49:71 gellan gum methacrylate 49:71 Injectable and photocross-linkable gels based on gellan gum methacrylate: a new tool for biomedical application. 25450552 4 49 theme tissues 865:871 arg1 treatment 839:847 the treatment 835:847 the treatment of damaged soft tissues 835:871 A good balance in terms of hydrophilicity and elasticity of the corresponding hydrogels was identified, although not suitable enough as injectable material for the treatment of damaged soft tissues. 25450552 3 50 theme functionalization 548:564 arg1 degrees 537:543 Different degrees 527:543 Different degrees of functionalization 527:564 Different degrees of functionalization have been achieved and their effects on the solubility and mechanical properties of GG-MA were investigated. 25450552 4 51 theme good 677:680 arg1 balance 682:688 A good balance 675:688 A good balance in terms of hydrophilicity and elasticity of the corresponding hydrogels 675:761 A good balance in terms of hydrophilicity and elasticity of the corresponding hydrogels was identified, although not suitable enough as injectable material for the treatment of damaged soft tissues. 25450552 3 52 theme GG-MA 650:654 arg1 solubility 610:619 solubility 610:619 solubility 610:619 Different degrees of functionalization have been achieved and their effects on the solubility and mechanical properties of GG-MA were investigated. 25450552 3 52 theme GG-MA 650:654 arg1 properties 636:645 mechanical properties 625:645 mechanical properties 625:645 Different degrees of functionalization have been achieved and their effects on the solubility and mechanical properties of GG-MA were investigated. 25450552 6 53 theme therapeutic 1192:1202 arg1 agents 1204:1209 loaded therapeutic agents 1185:1209 loaded therapeutic agents 1185:1209 Swelling abilities of the hydrogels in different media were studied as a key parameter able to affect the release profile of loaded therapeutic agents. 25450552 7 54 theme diffusion 1364:1372 arg1 profiles 1374:1381 their diffusion profiles 1358:1381 their diffusion profiles 1358:1381 Model molecules having different spherical hindrance (sulindac and vitamin B12) were then chosen to study how the hydrogels were able to modulate their diffusion profiles over time. 25450552 5 55 theme several 891:897 arg1 concentrations 899:912 several concentrations 891:912 several concentrations 891:912 For this reason, several concentrations and different molecular weights of PEG-DMA were investigated to modulate the composition of GG-MA hydrogels and overcome their extreme fragility. 25450552 5 56 theme molecular 928:936 arg1 weights 938:944 different molecular weights 918:944 different molecular weights of PEG-DMA 918:955 For this reason, several concentrations and different molecular weights of PEG-DMA were investigated to modulate the composition of GG-MA hydrogels and overcome their extreme fragility. 25450552 3 57 theme mechanical 625:634 arg1 properties 636:645 mechanical properties 625:645 mechanical properties 625:645 Different degrees of functionalization have been achieved and their effects on the solubility and mechanical properties of GG-MA were investigated. 25450552 6 58 theme loaded 1185:1190 arg1 agents 1204:1209 loaded therapeutic agents 1185:1209 loaded therapeutic agents 1185:1209 Swelling abilities of the hydrogels in different media were studied as a key parameter able to affect the release profile of loaded therapeutic agents. 25450552 6 59 from hydrogels 1086:1094 arg1 media 1109:1113 different media 1099:1113 different media 1099:1113 Swelling abilities of the hydrogels in different media were studied as a key parameter able to affect the release profile of loaded therapeutic agents. 25450552 4 60 from balance 682:688 arg1 terms 693:697 terms 693:697 terms of hydrophilicity and elasticity of the corresponding hydrogels 693:761 A good balance in terms of hydrophilicity and elasticity of the corresponding hydrogels was identified, although not suitable enough as injectable material for the treatment of damaged soft tissues. 25450552 1 61 theme methacrylic 191:201 arg1 groups 203:208 methacrylic groups 191:208 methacrylic groups (GG-MA) 191:216 In this work, a natural polysaccharide gellan gum (GG) has been modified with methacrylic groups (GG-MA) and combined with polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEG-DMA) in order to create novel injectable hydrogels that can be easily delivered through a needle and photocross-linked in the injection site. 25450552 1 61 theme methacrylic 191:201 arg1 GG-MA 211:215 GG-MA 211:215 GG-MA 211:215 In this work, a natural polysaccharide gellan gum (GG) has been modified with methacrylic groups (GG-MA) and combined with polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEG-DMA) in order to create novel injectable hydrogels that can be easily delivered through a needle and photocross-linked in the injection site. 25450552 7 62 theme Model 1212:1216 arg1 molecules 1218:1226 Model molecules 1212:1226 Model molecules having different spherical hindrance (sulindac and vitamin B12) 1212:1290 Model molecules having different spherical hindrance (sulindac and vitamin B12) were then chosen to study how the hydrogels were able to modulate their diffusion profiles over time. 25450552 4 63 dep not 788:790 arg1 suitable 792:799 suitable 792:799 suitable 792:799 A good balance in terms of hydrophilicity and elasticity of the corresponding hydrogels was identified, although not suitable enough as injectable material for the treatment of damaged soft tissues. 25450552 1 64 mod modified 177:184 arg3 groups 203:208 methacrylic groups 191:208 methacrylic groups (GG-MA) 191:216 In this work, a natural polysaccharide gellan gum (GG) has been modified with methacrylic groups (GG-MA) and combined with polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEG-DMA) in order to create novel injectable hydrogels that can be easily delivered through a needle and photocross-linked in the injection site. 25450552 1 64 mod modified 177:184 arg1 GG 164:165 GG 164:165 GG 164:165 In this work, a natural polysaccharide gellan gum (GG) has been modified with methacrylic groups (GG-MA) and combined with polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEG-DMA) in order to create novel injectable hydrogels that can be easily delivered through a needle and photocross-linked in the injection site. 25450552 1 64 mod modified 177:184 arg3 GG-MA 211:215 GG-MA 211:215 GG-MA 211:215 In this work, a natural polysaccharide gellan gum (GG) has been modified with methacrylic groups (GG-MA) and combined with polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEG-DMA) in order to create novel injectable hydrogels that can be easily delivered through a needle and photocross-linked in the injection site. 25450552 1 64 mod modified 177:184 arg1 gum 159:161 a natural polysaccharide gellan gum 127:161 a natural polysaccharide gellan gum (GG) 127:166 In this work, a natural polysaccharide gellan gum (GG) has been modified with methacrylic groups (GG-MA) and combined with polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEG-DMA) in order to create novel injectable hydrogels that can be easily delivered through a needle and photocross-linked in the injection site. 25450552 3 65 dep solubility 610:619 arg1 the 606:608 the 606:608 the 606:608 Different degrees of functionalization have been achieved and their effects on the solubility and mechanical properties of GG-MA were investigated. 25450552 7 66 theme vitamin 1279:1285 arg1 B12 1287:1289 vitamin B12 1279:1289 vitamin B12 1279:1289 Model molecules having different spherical hindrance (sulindac and vitamin B12) were then chosen to study how the hydrogels were able to modulate their diffusion profiles over time. 25448558 6 0 theme active 1283:1288 arg1 agents 1290:1295 both active agents 1278:1295 both active agents 1278:1295 Besides, after embedding hydrogels of higher GG concentration led to a slower and more sustained release of both active agents, independently of the processing conditions of the microparticulate system. 25448558 3 1 theme serum 696:700 arg1 BSA 711:713 BSA 711:713 BSA 711:713 A double emulsion-solvent evaporation method was adopted to develop the PHBV MPs, carrying bovine serum albumin (BSA) or dexamethasone (Dex) as hydrophilic and hydrophobic active agents' models, respectively. 25448558 3 1 theme serum 696:700 arg1 models 785:790 hydrophilic and hydrophobic active agents' models 742:790 hydrophilic and hydrophobic active agents' models 742:790 A double emulsion-solvent evaporation method was adopted to develop the PHBV MPs, carrying bovine serum albumin (BSA) or dexamethasone (Dex) as hydrophilic and hydrophobic active agents' models, respectively. 25448558 3 1 theme serum 696:700 arg1 albumin 702:708 bovine serum albumin 689:708 bovine serum albumin (BSA) 689:714 A double emulsion-solvent evaporation method was adopted to develop the PHBV MPs, carrying bovine serum albumin (BSA) or dexamethasone (Dex) as hydrophilic and hydrophobic active agents' models, respectively. 25448558 3 1 theme serum 696:700 arg1 dexamethasone 719:731 dexamethasone 719:731 dexamethasone (Dex) 719:737 A double emulsion-solvent evaporation method was adopted to develop the PHBV MPs, carrying bovine serum albumin (BSA) or dexamethasone (Dex) as hydrophilic and hydrophobic active agents' models, respectively. 25448558 1 2 theme agents 179:184 arg1 concentration 155:167 the concentration 151:167 the concentration of active agents at the target tissues 151:206 Uncontrollable displacements that greatly affect the concentration of active agents at the target tissues are among a major limitation of the use of microparticulate drug delivery systems (DDS). 25448558 1 3 theme microparticulate 251:266 arg1 DDS 291:293 DDS 291:293 DDS 291:293 Uncontrollable displacements that greatly affect the concentration of active agents at the target tissues are among a major limitation of the use of microparticulate drug delivery systems (DDS). 25448558 1 3 theme microparticulate 251:266 arg1 systems 282:288 microparticulate drug delivery systems 251:288 microparticulate drug delivery systems (DDS) 251:294 Uncontrollable displacements that greatly affect the concentration of active agents at the target tissues are among a major limitation of the use of microparticulate drug delivery systems (DDS). 25448558 0 4 theme regenerative 79:90 arg1 medicine 92:99 regenerative medicine 79:99 regenerative medicine 79:99 Development of an injectable PHBV microparticles-GG hydrogel hybrid system for regenerative medicine. 25448558 6 5 theme sustained 1257:1265 arg1 release 1267:1273 a slower and more sustained release 1239:1273 a slower and more sustained release of both active agents 1239:1295 Besides, after embedding hydrogels of higher GG concentration led to a slower and more sustained release of both active agents, independently of the processing conditions of the microparticulate system. 25448558 2 6 theme poly 352:355 arg1 MPs 416:418 MPs 416:418 MPs 416:418 Under this context a biphasic injectable DDS combining poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) microparticles (MPs) and a gellan gum (GG) injectable hydrogel is herein proposed for the localized delivery and long-term retention of MPs carrying hydrophilic and hydrophobic model active agents. 25448558 2 6 theme poly 352:355 arg1 microparticles 400:413 poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) microparticles 352:413 poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) microparticles (MPs) 352:419 Under this context a biphasic injectable DDS combining poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) microparticles (MPs) and a gellan gum (GG) injectable hydrogel is herein proposed for the localized delivery and long-term retention of MPs carrying hydrophilic and hydrophobic model active agents. 25448558 1 7 theme drug 268:271 arg1 DDS 291:293 DDS 291:293 DDS 291:293 Uncontrollable displacements that greatly affect the concentration of active agents at the target tissues are among a major limitation of the use of microparticulate drug delivery systems (DDS). 25448558 1 7 theme drug 268:271 arg1 systems 282:288 microparticulate drug delivery systems 251:288 microparticulate drug delivery systems (DDS) 251:294 Uncontrollable displacements that greatly affect the concentration of active agents at the target tissues are among a major limitation of the use of microparticulate drug delivery systems (DDS). 25448558 4 8 theme delivery 902:909 arg1 profile 911:917 the delivery profile 898:917 the delivery profile of the active agents 898:938 Moreover, this method was modified, together with the properties of the hydrogel to tailor the delivery profile of the active agents. 25448558 5 9 theme profile 1139:1145 arg1 distribution 1060:1071 particle size distribution 1046:1071 particle size distribution 1046:1071 Variations of the composition of the organic phase during the process allowed tuning surface topography, particle size distribution and core porosity of the PHBV MPs and, thus, the in vitro release profile of Dex but not of BSA. 25448558 5 9 theme profile 1139:1145 arg1 porosity 1082:1089 core porosity 1077:1089 core porosity 1077:1089 Variations of the composition of the organic phase during the process allowed tuning surface topography, particle size distribution and core porosity of the PHBV MPs and, thus, the in vitro release profile of Dex but not of BSA. 25448558 5 9 theme profile 1139:1145 arg1 topography 1034:1043 tuning surface topography 1019:1043 tuning surface topography 1019:1043 Variations of the composition of the organic phase during the process allowed tuning surface topography, particle size distribution and core porosity of the PHBV MPs and, thus, the in vitro release profile of Dex but not of BSA. 25448558 2 10 theme active 583:588 arg1 agents 590:595 hydrophilic and hydrophobic model active agents 549:595 hydrophilic and hydrophobic model active agents 549:595 Under this context a biphasic injectable DDS combining poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) microparticles (MPs) and a gellan gum (GG) injectable hydrogel is herein proposed for the localized delivery and long-term retention of MPs carrying hydrophilic and hydrophobic model active agents. 25448558 6 11 theme system 1365:1370 arg1 conditions 1330:1339 the processing conditions 1315:1339 the processing conditions of the microparticulate system 1315:1370 Besides, after embedding hydrogels of higher GG concentration led to a slower and more sustained release of both active agents, independently of the processing conditions of the microparticulate system. 25448558 1 12 theme delivery 273:280 arg1 DDS 291:293 DDS 291:293 DDS 291:293 Uncontrollable displacements that greatly affect the concentration of active agents at the target tissues are among a major limitation of the use of microparticulate drug delivery systems (DDS). 25448558 1 12 theme delivery 273:280 arg1 systems 282:288 microparticulate drug delivery systems 251:288 microparticulate drug delivery systems (DDS) 251:294 Uncontrollable displacements that greatly affect the concentration of active agents at the target tissues are among a major limitation of the use of microparticulate drug delivery systems (DDS). 25448558 5 13 theme particle 1046:1053 arg1 distribution 1060:1071 particle size distribution 1046:1071 particle size distribution 1046:1071 Variations of the composition of the organic phase during the process allowed tuning surface topography, particle size distribution and core porosity of the PHBV MPs and, thus, the in vitro release profile of Dex but not of BSA. 25448558 2 14 theme model 577:581 arg1 agents 590:595 hydrophilic and hydrophobic model active agents 549:595 hydrophilic and hydrophobic model active agents 549:595 Under this context a biphasic injectable DDS combining poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) microparticles (MPs) and a gellan gum (GG) injectable hydrogel is herein proposed for the localized delivery and long-term retention of MPs carrying hydrophilic and hydrophobic model active agents. 25448558 1 15 theme systems 282:288 arg1 use 244:246 the use 240:246 the use of microparticulate drug delivery systems (DDS) 240:294 Uncontrollable displacements that greatly affect the concentration of active agents at the target tissues are among a major limitation of the use of microparticulate drug delivery systems (DDS). 25448558 2 16 theme localized 490:498 arg1 delivery 500:507 the localized delivery 486:507 the localized delivery 486:507 Under this context a biphasic injectable DDS combining poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) microparticles (MPs) and a gellan gum (GG) injectable hydrogel is herein proposed for the localized delivery and long-term retention of MPs carrying hydrophilic and hydrophobic model active agents. 25448558 5 17 theme size 1055:1058 arg1 distribution 1060:1071 particle size distribution 1046:1071 particle size distribution 1046:1071 Variations of the composition of the organic phase during the process allowed tuning surface topography, particle size distribution and core porosity of the PHBV MPs and, thus, the in vitro release profile of Dex but not of BSA. 25448558 5 18 theme core 1077:1080 arg1 porosity 1082:1089 core porosity 1077:1089 core porosity 1077:1089 Variations of the composition of the organic phase during the process allowed tuning surface topography, particle size distribution and core porosity of the PHBV MPs and, thus, the in vitro release profile of Dex but not of BSA. 25448558 5 19 theme Dex 1150:1152 arg1 profile 1139:1145 the in vitro release profile 1118:1145 the in vitro release profile of Dex but not of BSA 1118:1167 Variations of the composition of the organic phase during the process allowed tuning surface topography, particle size distribution and core porosity of the PHBV MPs and, thus, the in vitro release profile of Dex but not of BSA. 25448558 5 19 theme Dex 1150:1152 arg1 MPs 1103:1105 the PHBV MPs 1094:1105 the PHBV MPs 1094:1105 Variations of the composition of the organic phase during the process allowed tuning surface topography, particle size distribution and core porosity of the PHBV MPs and, thus, the in vitro release profile of Dex but not of BSA. 25448558 1 20 theme target 193:198 arg1 tissues 200:206 the target tissues 189:206 the target tissues 189:206 Uncontrollable displacements that greatly affect the concentration of active agents at the target tissues are among a major limitation of the use of microparticulate drug delivery systems (DDS). 25448558 2 21 theme injectable 443:452 arg1 hydrogel 454:461 a biphasic injectable DDS combining poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) microparticles (MPs) and a gellan gum (GG) injectable hydrogel 316:461 a biphasic injectable DDS combining poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) microparticles (MPs) and a gellan gum (GG) injectable hydrogel 316:461 Under this context a biphasic injectable DDS combining poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) microparticles (MPs) and a gellan gum (GG) injectable hydrogel is herein proposed for the localized delivery and long-term retention of MPs carrying hydrophilic and hydrophobic model active agents. 25448558 4 22 mod modified 833:840 arg3 properties 861:870 the properties 857:870 the properties of the hydrogel 857:886 Moreover, this method was modified, together with the properties of the hydrogel to tailor the delivery profile of the active agents. 25448558 4 22 mod modified 833:840 arg1 method 822:827 this method 817:827 this method 817:827 Moreover, this method was modified, together with the properties of the hydrogel to tailor the delivery profile of the active agents. 25448558 6 23 theme concentration 1218:1230 arg1 hydrogels 1195:1203 hydrogels 1195:1203 hydrogels of higher GG concentration 1195:1230 Besides, after embedding hydrogels of higher GG concentration led to a slower and more sustained release of both active agents, independently of the processing conditions of the microparticulate system. 25448558 1 24 theme Uncontrollable 102:115 arg1 displacements 117:129 Uncontrollable displacements 102:129 Uncontrollable displacements that greatly affect the concentration of active agents at the target tissues 102:206 Uncontrollable displacements that greatly affect the concentration of active agents at the target tissues are among a major limitation of the use of microparticulate drug delivery systems (DDS). 25448558 2 25 contain carrying 540:547 arg1 MPs 536:538 MPs 536:538 MPs carrying hydrophilic and hydrophobic model active agents 536:595 Under this context a biphasic injectable DDS combining poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) microparticles (MPs) and a gellan gum (GG) injectable hydrogel is herein proposed for the localized delivery and long-term retention of MPs carrying hydrophilic and hydrophobic model active agents. 25448558 2 25 contain carrying 540:547 arg2 agents 590:595 hydrophilic and hydrophobic model active agents 549:595 hydrophilic and hydrophobic model active agents 549:595 Under this context a biphasic injectable DDS combining poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) microparticles (MPs) and a gellan gum (GG) injectable hydrogel is herein proposed for the localized delivery and long-term retention of MPs carrying hydrophilic and hydrophobic model active agents. 25448558 6 26 theme processing 1319:1328 arg1 conditions 1330:1339 the processing conditions 1315:1339 the processing conditions of the microparticulate system 1315:1370 Besides, after embedding hydrogels of higher GG concentration led to a slower and more sustained release of both active agents, independently of the processing conditions of the microparticulate system. 25448558 0 27 theme injectable 18:27 arg1 system 68:73 an injectable PHBV microparticles-GG hydrogel hybrid system 15:73 an injectable PHBV microparticles-GG hydrogel hybrid system for regenerative medicine 15:99 Development of an injectable PHBV microparticles-GG hydrogel hybrid system for regenerative medicine. 25448558 3 28 theme hydrophobic 758:768 arg1 albumin 702:708 bovine serum albumin 689:708 bovine serum albumin (BSA) 689:714 A double emulsion-solvent evaporation method was adopted to develop the PHBV MPs, carrying bovine serum albumin (BSA) or dexamethasone (Dex) as hydrophilic and hydrophobic active agents' models, respectively. 25448558 3 28 theme hydrophobic 758:768 arg1 models 785:790 hydrophilic and hydrophobic active agents' models 742:790 hydrophilic and hydrophobic active agents' models 742:790 A double emulsion-solvent evaporation method was adopted to develop the PHBV MPs, carrying bovine serum albumin (BSA) or dexamethasone (Dex) as hydrophilic and hydrophobic active agents' models, respectively. 25448558 3 28 theme hydrophobic 758:768 arg1 dexamethasone 719:731 dexamethasone 719:731 dexamethasone (Dex) 719:737 A double emulsion-solvent evaporation method was adopted to develop the PHBV MPs, carrying bovine serum albumin (BSA) or dexamethasone (Dex) as hydrophilic and hydrophobic active agents' models, respectively. 25448558 2 29 theme MPs 536:538 arg1 delivery 500:507 the localized delivery 486:507 the localized delivery 486:507 Under this context a biphasic injectable DDS combining poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) microparticles (MPs) and a gellan gum (GG) injectable hydrogel is herein proposed for the localized delivery and long-term retention of MPs carrying hydrophilic and hydrophobic model active agents. 25448558 2 29 theme MPs 536:538 arg1 retention 523:531 long-term retention 513:531 long-term retention of MPs carrying hydrophilic and hydrophobic model active agents 513:595 Under this context a biphasic injectable DDS combining poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) microparticles (MPs) and a gellan gum (GG) injectable hydrogel is herein proposed for the localized delivery and long-term retention of MPs carrying hydrophilic and hydrophobic model active agents. 25448558 6 30 theme microparticulate 1348:1363 arg1 system 1365:1370 the microparticulate system 1344:1370 the microparticulate system 1344:1370 Besides, after embedding hydrogels of higher GG concentration led to a slower and more sustained release of both active agents, independently of the processing conditions of the microparticulate system. 25448558 2 31 dep injectable 443:452 arg1 DDS 338:340 biphasic injectable DDS 318:340 biphasic injectable DDS combining poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) microparticles (MPs) and a gellan gum 318:436 Under this context a biphasic injectable DDS combining poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) microparticles (MPs) and a gellan gum (GG) injectable hydrogel is herein proposed for the localized delivery and long-term retention of MPs carrying hydrophilic and hydrophobic model active agents. 25448558 6 32 theme slower 1241:1246 arg1 release 1267:1273 a slower and more sustained release 1239:1273 a slower and more sustained release of both active agents 1239:1295 Besides, after embedding hydrogels of higher GG concentration led to a slower and more sustained release of both active agents, independently of the processing conditions of the microparticulate system. 25448558 5 33 theme tuning 1019:1024 arg1 topography 1034:1043 tuning surface topography 1019:1043 tuning surface topography 1019:1043 Variations of the composition of the organic phase during the process allowed tuning surface topography, particle size distribution and core porosity of the PHBV MPs and, thus, the in vitro release profile of Dex but not of BSA. 25448558 0 34 theme microparticles-GG 34:50 arg1 system 68:73 an injectable PHBV microparticles-GG hydrogel hybrid system 15:73 an injectable PHBV microparticles-GG hydrogel hybrid system for regenerative medicine 15:99 Development of an injectable PHBV microparticles-GG hydrogel hybrid system for regenerative medicine. 25448558 5 35 theme in 1122:1123 arg1 profile 1139:1145 the in vitro release profile 1118:1145 the in vitro release profile of Dex but not of BSA 1118:1167 Variations of the composition of the organic phase during the process allowed tuning surface topography, particle size distribution and core porosity of the PHBV MPs and, thus, the in vitro release profile of Dex but not of BSA. 25448558 5 36 theme surface 1026:1032 arg1 topography 1034:1043 tuning surface topography 1019:1043 tuning surface topography 1019:1043 Variations of the composition of the organic phase during the process allowed tuning surface topography, particle size distribution and core porosity of the PHBV MPs and, thus, the in vitro release profile of Dex but not of BSA. 25448558 5 37 dep in 1122:1123 arg1 vitro 1125:1129 vitro 1125:1129 vitro 1125:1129 Variations of the composition of the organic phase during the process allowed tuning surface topography, particle size distribution and core porosity of the PHBV MPs and, thus, the in vitro release profile of Dex but not of BSA. 25448558 1 38 theme major 220:224 arg1 limitation 226:235 a major limitation 218:235 a major limitation of the use of microparticulate drug delivery systems (DDS) 218:294 Uncontrollable displacements that greatly affect the concentration of active agents at the target tissues are among a major limitation of the use of microparticulate drug delivery systems (DDS). 25448558 0 39 theme PHBV 29:32 arg1 system 68:73 an injectable PHBV microparticles-GG hydrogel hybrid system 15:73 an injectable PHBV microparticles-GG hydrogel hybrid system for regenerative medicine 15:99 Development of an injectable PHBV microparticles-GG hydrogel hybrid system for regenerative medicine. 25448558 3 40 theme hydrophilic 742:752 arg1 albumin 702:708 bovine serum albumin 689:708 bovine serum albumin (BSA) 689:714 A double emulsion-solvent evaporation method was adopted to develop the PHBV MPs, carrying bovine serum albumin (BSA) or dexamethasone (Dex) as hydrophilic and hydrophobic active agents' models, respectively. 25448558 3 40 theme hydrophilic 742:752 arg1 models 785:790 hydrophilic and hydrophobic active agents' models 742:790 hydrophilic and hydrophobic active agents' models 742:790 A double emulsion-solvent evaporation method was adopted to develop the PHBV MPs, carrying bovine serum albumin (BSA) or dexamethasone (Dex) as hydrophilic and hydrophobic active agents' models, respectively. 25448558 3 40 theme hydrophilic 742:752 arg1 dexamethasone 719:731 dexamethasone 719:731 dexamethasone (Dex) 719:737 A double emulsion-solvent evaporation method was adopted to develop the PHBV MPs, carrying bovine serum albumin (BSA) or dexamethasone (Dex) as hydrophilic and hydrophobic active agents' models, respectively. 25448558 2 41 theme long-term 513:521 arg1 retention 523:531 long-term retention 513:531 long-term retention of MPs carrying hydrophilic and hydrophobic model active agents 513:595 Under this context a biphasic injectable DDS combining poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) microparticles (MPs) and a gellan gum (GG) injectable hydrogel is herein proposed for the localized delivery and long-term retention of MPs carrying hydrophilic and hydrophobic model active agents. 25448558 5 42 theme release 1131:1137 arg1 profile 1139:1145 the in vitro release profile 1118:1145 the in vitro release profile of Dex but not of BSA 1118:1167 Variations of the composition of the organic phase during the process allowed tuning surface topography, particle size distribution and core porosity of the PHBV MPs and, thus, the in vitro release profile of Dex but not of BSA. 25448558 2 43 theme gellan 427:432 arg1 gum 434:436 a gellan gum 425:436 a gellan gum 425:436 Under this context a biphasic injectable DDS combining poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) microparticles (MPs) and a gellan gum (GG) injectable hydrogel is herein proposed for the localized delivery and long-term retention of MPs carrying hydrophilic and hydrophobic model active agents. 25448558 0 44 theme hybrid 61:66 arg1 system 68:73 an injectable PHBV microparticles-GG hydrogel hybrid system 15:73 an injectable PHBV microparticles-GG hydrogel hybrid system for regenerative medicine 15:99 Development of an injectable PHBV microparticles-GG hydrogel hybrid system for regenerative medicine. 25448558 5 45 theme PHBV 1098:1101 arg1 MPs 1103:1105 the PHBV MPs 1094:1105 the PHBV MPs 1094:1105 Variations of the composition of the organic phase during the process allowed tuning surface topography, particle size distribution and core porosity of the PHBV MPs and, thus, the in vitro release profile of Dex but not of BSA. 25448558 2 46 theme hydrophobic 565:575 arg1 agents 590:595 hydrophilic and hydrophobic model active agents 549:595 hydrophilic and hydrophobic model active agents 549:595 Under this context a biphasic injectable DDS combining poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) microparticles (MPs) and a gellan gum (GG) injectable hydrogel is herein proposed for the localized delivery and long-term retention of MPs carrying hydrophilic and hydrophobic model active agents. 25448558 6 47 theme agents 1290:1295 arg1 release 1267:1273 a slower and more sustained release 1239:1273 a slower and more sustained release of both active agents 1239:1295 Besides, after embedding hydrogels of higher GG concentration led to a slower and more sustained release of both active agents, independently of the processing conditions of the microparticulate system. 25448558 5 48 theme organic 978:984 arg1 phase 986:990 the organic phase 974:990 the organic phase during the process 974:1009 Variations of the composition of the organic phase during the process allowed tuning surface topography, particle size distribution and core porosity of the PHBV MPs and, thus, the in vitro release profile of Dex but not of BSA. 25448558 6 49 theme GG 1215:1216 arg1 concentration 1218:1230 higher GG concentration 1208:1230 higher GG concentration 1208:1230 Besides, after embedding hydrogels of higher GG concentration led to a slower and more sustained release of both active agents, independently of the processing conditions of the microparticulate system. 25448558 0 50 theme hydrogel 52:59 arg1 system 68:73 an injectable PHBV microparticles-GG hydrogel hybrid system 15:73 an injectable PHBV microparticles-GG hydrogel hybrid system for regenerative medicine 15:99 Development of an injectable PHBV microparticles-GG hydrogel hybrid system for regenerative medicine. 25448558 4 51 theme hydrogel 879:886 arg1 properties 861:870 the properties 857:870 the properties of the hydrogel 857:886 Moreover, this method was modified, together with the properties of the hydrogel to tailor the delivery profile of the active agents. 25448558 3 52 theme PHBV 670:673 arg1 MPs 675:677 the PHBV MPs 666:677 the PHBV MPs 666:677 A double emulsion-solvent evaporation method was adopted to develop the PHBV MPs, carrying bovine serum albumin (BSA) or dexamethasone (Dex) as hydrophilic and hydrophobic active agents' models, respectively. 25448558 5 53 theme phase 986:990 arg1 composition 959:969 the composition 955:969 the composition of the organic phase during the process 955:1009 Variations of the composition of the organic phase during the process allowed tuning surface topography, particle size distribution and core porosity of the PHBV MPs and, thus, the in vitro release profile of Dex but not of BSA. 25448558 5 54 theme composition 959:969 arg1 Variations 941:950 Variations 941:950 Variations of the composition of the organic phase during the process 941:1009 Variations of the composition of the organic phase during the process allowed tuning surface topography, particle size distribution and core porosity of the PHBV MPs and, thus, the in vitro release profile of Dex but not of BSA. 25448558 2 55 theme hydrophilic 549:559 arg1 agents 590:595 hydrophilic and hydrophobic model active agents 549:595 hydrophilic and hydrophobic model active agents 549:595 Under this context a biphasic injectable DDS combining poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) microparticles (MPs) and a gellan gum (GG) injectable hydrogel is herein proposed for the localized delivery and long-term retention of MPs carrying hydrophilic and hydrophobic model active agents. 25448558 3 56 theme emulsion-solvent 607:622 arg1 method 636:641 A double emulsion-solvent evaporation method 598:641 A double emulsion-solvent evaporation method 598:641 A double emulsion-solvent evaporation method was adopted to develop the PHBV MPs, carrying bovine serum albumin (BSA) or dexamethasone (Dex) as hydrophilic and hydrophobic active agents' models, respectively. 25448558 2 57 theme injectable 327:336 arg1 DDS 338:340 biphasic injectable DDS 318:340 biphasic injectable DDS combining poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) microparticles (MPs) and a gellan gum 318:436 Under this context a biphasic injectable DDS combining poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) microparticles (MPs) and a gellan gum (GG) injectable hydrogel is herein proposed for the localized delivery and long-term retention of MPs carrying hydrophilic and hydrophobic model active agents. 25448558 5 58 theme MPs 1103:1105 arg1 distribution 1060:1071 particle size distribution 1046:1071 particle size distribution 1046:1071 Variations of the composition of the organic phase during the process allowed tuning surface topography, particle size distribution and core porosity of the PHBV MPs and, thus, the in vitro release profile of Dex but not of BSA. 25448558 5 58 theme MPs 1103:1105 arg1 porosity 1082:1089 core porosity 1077:1089 core porosity 1077:1089 Variations of the composition of the organic phase during the process allowed tuning surface topography, particle size distribution and core porosity of the PHBV MPs and, thus, the in vitro release profile of Dex but not of BSA. 25448558 5 58 theme MPs 1103:1105 arg1 topography 1034:1043 tuning surface topography 1019:1043 tuning surface topography 1019:1043 Variations of the composition of the organic phase during the process allowed tuning surface topography, particle size distribution and core porosity of the PHBV MPs and, thus, the in vitro release profile of Dex but not of BSA. 25448558 4 59 theme agents 933:938 arg1 profile 911:917 the delivery profile 898:917 the delivery profile of the active agents 898:938 Moreover, this method was modified, together with the properties of the hydrogel to tailor the delivery profile of the active agents. 25448558 6 60 theme higher 1208:1213 arg1 concentration 1218:1230 higher GG concentration 1208:1230 higher GG concentration 1208:1230 Besides, after embedding hydrogels of higher GG concentration led to a slower and more sustained release of both active agents, independently of the processing conditions of the microparticulate system. 25448558 3 61 theme evaporation 624:634 arg1 method 636:641 A double emulsion-solvent evaporation method 598:641 A double emulsion-solvent evaporation method 598:641 A double emulsion-solvent evaporation method was adopted to develop the PHBV MPs, carrying bovine serum albumin (BSA) or dexamethasone (Dex) as hydrophilic and hydrophobic active agents' models, respectively. 25448558 1 62 from tissues 200:206 arg1 concentration 155:167 the concentration 151:167 the concentration of active agents at the target tissues 151:206 Uncontrollable displacements that greatly affect the concentration of active agents at the target tissues are among a major limitation of the use of microparticulate drug delivery systems (DDS). 25448558 2 63 theme biphasic 318:325 arg1 DDS 338:340 biphasic injectable DDS 318:340 biphasic injectable DDS combining poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) microparticles (MPs) and a gellan gum 318:436 Under this context a biphasic injectable DDS combining poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) microparticles (MPs) and a gellan gum (GG) injectable hydrogel is herein proposed for the localized delivery and long-term retention of MPs carrying hydrophilic and hydrophobic model active agents. 25448558 4 64 theme active 926:931 arg1 agents 933:938 the active agents 922:938 the active agents 922:938 Moreover, this method was modified, together with the properties of the hydrogel to tailor the delivery profile of the active agents. 25448558 1 65 theme use 244:246 arg1 limitation 226:235 a major limitation 218:235 a major limitation of the use of microparticulate drug delivery systems (DDS) 218:294 Uncontrollable displacements that greatly affect the concentration of active agents at the target tissues are among a major limitation of the use of microparticulate drug delivery systems (DDS). 25448558 0 66 theme system 68:73 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development of an injectable PHBV microparticles-GG hydrogel hybrid system for regenerative medicine. 0:100 Development of an injectable PHBV microparticles-GG hydrogel hybrid system for regenerative medicine. 25448558 3 67 theme bovine 689:694 arg1 BSA 711:713 BSA 711:713 BSA 711:713 A double emulsion-solvent evaporation method was adopted to develop the PHBV MPs, carrying bovine serum albumin (BSA) or dexamethasone (Dex) as hydrophilic and hydrophobic active agents' models, respectively. 25448558 3 67 theme bovine 689:694 arg1 models 785:790 hydrophilic and hydrophobic active agents' models 742:790 hydrophilic and hydrophobic active agents' models 742:790 A double emulsion-solvent evaporation method was adopted to develop the PHBV MPs, carrying bovine serum albumin (BSA) or dexamethasone (Dex) as hydrophilic and hydrophobic active agents' models, respectively. 25448558 3 67 theme bovine 689:694 arg1 albumin 702:708 bovine serum albumin 689:708 bovine serum albumin (BSA) 689:714 A double emulsion-solvent evaporation method was adopted to develop the PHBV MPs, carrying bovine serum albumin (BSA) or dexamethasone (Dex) as hydrophilic and hydrophobic active agents' models, respectively. 25448558 3 67 theme bovine 689:694 arg1 dexamethasone 719:731 dexamethasone 719:731 dexamethasone (Dex) 719:737 A double emulsion-solvent evaporation method was adopted to develop the PHBV MPs, carrying bovine serum albumin (BSA) or dexamethasone (Dex) as hydrophilic and hydrophobic active agents' models, respectively. 25448558 3 68 theme double 600:605 arg1 method 636:641 A double emulsion-solvent evaporation method 598:641 A double emulsion-solvent evaporation method 598:641 A double emulsion-solvent evaporation method was adopted to develop the PHBV MPs, carrying bovine serum albumin (BSA) or dexamethasone (Dex) as hydrophilic and hydrophobic active agents' models, respectively. 25448558 1 69 theme active 172:177 arg1 agents 179:184 active agents 172:184 active agents 172:184 Uncontrollable displacements that greatly affect the concentration of active agents at the target tissues are among a major limitation of the use of microparticulate drug delivery systems (DDS). 25448558 5 70 theme BSA 1165:1167 arg1 profile 1139:1145 the in vitro release profile 1118:1145 the in vitro release profile of Dex but not of BSA 1118:1167 Variations of the composition of the organic phase during the process allowed tuning surface topography, particle size distribution and core porosity of the PHBV MPs and, thus, the in vitro release profile of Dex but not of BSA. 25448558 5 70 theme BSA 1165:1167 arg1 MPs 1103:1105 the PHBV MPs 1094:1105 the PHBV MPs 1094:1105 Variations of the composition of the organic phase during the process allowed tuning surface topography, particle size distribution and core porosity of the PHBV MPs and, thus, the in vitro release profile of Dex but not of BSA. 25448558 3 71 theme active 770:775 arg1 agents 777:782 active agents 770:782 hydrophilic and hydrophobic active agents' models 742:790 A double emulsion-solvent evaporation method was adopted to develop the PHBV MPs, carrying bovine serum albumin (BSA) or dexamethasone (Dex) as hydrophilic and hydrophobic active agents' models, respectively. 28735027 9 0 theme viability 1909:1917 arg1 supportive 1859:1868 supportive 1859:1868 supportive 1859:1868 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The results of this work demonstrate that a radiopaque hydrogel is capable of normalizing the mechanical function of the degenerative disc, is supportive of disc cell and mesenchymal stem cell viability and matrix production, and can be maintained in the disc space without extrusion following intradiscal delivery in a preclinical large animal model. 28735027 9 0 theme viability 1909:1917 arg1 capable 1783:1789 capable 1783:1789 capable 1783:1789 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The results of this work demonstrate that a radiopaque hydrogel is capable of normalizing the mechanical function of the degenerative disc, is supportive of disc cell and mesenchymal stem cell viability and matrix production, and can be maintained in the disc space without extrusion following intradiscal delivery in a preclinical large animal model. 28735027 9 0 theme viability 1909:1917 arg1 hydrogel 1771:1778 a radiopaque hydrogel 1758:1778 a radiopaque hydrogel 1758:1778 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The results of this work demonstrate that a radiopaque hydrogel is capable of normalizing the mechanical function of the degenerative disc, is supportive of disc cell and mesenchymal stem cell viability and matrix production, and can be maintained in the disc space without extrusion following intradiscal delivery in a preclinical large animal model. 28735027 7 1 dep In 1239:1240 arg1 vivo 1242:1245 vivo 1242:1245 vivo 1242:1245 In vivo studies demonstrated that the radiopaque DCT hydrogel was successfully delivered to degenerated goat lumbar intervertebral discs, where it was distributed throughout both the NP and annulus fibrosus, and that the hydrogel remained contained within the disc space for two weeks without evidence of extrusion. 28735027 9 2 theme matrix 1923:1928 arg1 production 1930:1939 matrix production 1923:1939 matrix production 1923:1939 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The results of this work demonstrate that a radiopaque hydrogel is capable of normalizing the mechanical function of the degenerative disc, is supportive of disc cell and mesenchymal stem cell viability and matrix production, and can be maintained in the disc space without extrusion following intradiscal delivery in a preclinical large animal model. 28735027 8 3 theme degenerate 1657:1666 arg1 discs 1683:1687 degenerate intervertebral discs 1657:1687 degenerate intervertebral discs 1657:1687 These results demonstrate the translational potential of this hydrogel for functional regeneration of degenerate intervertebral discs. 28735027 3 4 theme degenerative 706:717 arg1 NP 719:720 the degenerative NP 702:720 the degenerative NP in a preclinical goat model 702:748 The purpose of this study was to establish the translational feasibility of a triple interpenetrating network hydrogel composed of dextran, chitosan, and teleostean (DCT) for augmentation of the degenerative NP in a preclinical goat model. 28735027 2 5 theme first 297:301 arg1 signs 303:307 the first signs 293:307 the first signs of disc degeneration 293:328 As the first signs of disc degeneration typically arise in the disc's central nucleus pulposus (NP), augmentation of the NP via hydrogel injection represents a promising strategy to treat early to mid-stage degeneration. 28735027 4 6 theme motion 818:823 arg1 segments 825:832 degenerated goat lumbar motion segments 794:832 degenerated goat lumbar motion segments 794:832 Ex vivo injection of the DCT hydrogel into degenerated goat lumbar motion segments restored range of motion and neutral zone modulus towards physiologic values. 28735027 6 7 theme stem 1179:1182 arg1 cells 1184:1188 goat mesenchymal stem cells 1162:1188 goat mesenchymal stem cells 1162:1188 Importantly, the addition of zirconia did not negatively impact viability or matrix producing capacity of goat mesenchymal stem cells or NP cells seeded within the hydrogel in vitro. 28735027 10 8 theme therapeutic 2147:2157 arg1 disc 2142:2145 a minimally invasive disc 2121:2145 a minimally invasive disc therapeutic in long-term preclinical studies 2121:2190 These results support evaluation of this hydrogel as a minimally invasive disc therapeutic in long-term preclinical studies as a precursor to future clinical application in patients with disc degeneration and low back pain. 28735027 10 8 theme therapeutic 2147:2157 arg1 evaluation 2090:2099 evaluation 2090:2099 evaluation of this hydrogel 2090:2116 These results support evaluation of this hydrogel as a minimally invasive disc therapeutic in long-term preclinical studies as a precursor to future clinical application in patients with disc degeneration and low back pain. 28735027 1 9 theme cellular 193:200 arg1 changes 232:238 cellular, compositional and structural changes 193:238 cellular, compositional and structural changes 193:238 Degeneration of the intervertebral discs is a progressive cascade of cellular, compositional and structural changes that is frequently associated with low back pain. 28735027 6 10 theme goat 1162:1165 arg1 cells 1184:1188 goat mesenchymal stem cells 1162:1188 goat mesenchymal stem cells 1162:1188 Importantly, the addition of zirconia did not negatively impact viability or matrix producing capacity of goat mesenchymal stem cells or NP cells seeded within the hydrogel in vitro. 28735027 10 11 theme invasive 2133:2140 arg1 disc 2142:2145 a minimally invasive disc 2121:2145 a minimally invasive disc therapeutic in long-term preclinical studies 2121:2190 These results support evaluation of this hydrogel as a minimally invasive disc therapeutic in long-term preclinical studies as a precursor to future clinical application in patients with disc degeneration and low back pain. 28735027 10 11 theme invasive 2133:2140 arg1 evaluation 2090:2099 evaluation 2090:2099 evaluation of this hydrogel 2090:2116 These results support evaluation of this hydrogel as a minimally invasive disc therapeutic in long-term preclinical studies as a precursor to future clinical application in patients with disc degeneration and low back pain. 28735027 3 12 theme preclinical 727:737 arg1 model 744:748 a preclinical goat model 725:748 a preclinical goat model 725:748 The purpose of this study was to establish the translational feasibility of a triple interpenetrating network hydrogel composed of dextran, chitosan, and teleostean (DCT) for augmentation of the degenerative NP in a preclinical goat model. 28735027 2 13 theme degeneration 317:328 arg1 signs 303:307 the first signs 293:307 the first signs of disc degeneration 293:328 As the first signs of disc degeneration typically arise in the disc's central nucleus pulposus (NP), augmentation of the NP via hydrogel injection represents a promising strategy to treat early to mid-stage degeneration. 28735027 1 14 theme compositional 203:215 arg1 changes 232:238 cellular, compositional and structural changes 193:238 cellular, compositional and structural changes 193:238 Degeneration of the intervertebral discs is a progressive cascade of cellular, compositional and structural changes that is frequently associated with low back pain. 28735027 10 15 from application 2226:2236 arg1 patients 2241:2248 patients 2241:2248 patients with disc degeneration and low back pain 2241:2289 These results support evaluation of this hydrogel as a minimally invasive disc therapeutic in long-term preclinical studies as a precursor to future clinical application in patients with disc degeneration and low back pain. 28735027 3 16 from NP 719:720 arg1 model 744:748 a preclinical goat model 725:748 a preclinical goat model 725:748 The purpose of this study was to establish the translational feasibility of a triple interpenetrating network hydrogel composed of dextran, chitosan, and teleostean (DCT) for augmentation of the degenerative NP in a preclinical goat model. 28735027 6 17 theme zirconia 1085:1092 arg1 addition 1073:1080 the addition 1069:1080 the addition of zirconia 1069:1092 Importantly, the addition of zirconia did not negatively impact viability or matrix producing capacity of goat mesenchymal stem cells or NP cells seeded within the hydrogel in vitro. 28735027 1 18 theme structural 221:230 arg1 changes 232:238 cellular, compositional and structural changes 193:238 cellular, compositional and structural changes 193:238 Degeneration of the intervertebral discs is a progressive cascade of cellular, compositional and structural changes that is frequently associated with low back pain. 28735027 9 19 theme work 1736:1739 arg1 results 1720:1726 The results 1716:1726 The results of this work 1716:1739 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The results of this work demonstrate that a radiopaque hydrogel is capable of normalizing the mechanical function of the degenerative disc, is supportive of disc cell and mesenchymal stem cell viability and matrix production, and can be maintained in the disc space without extrusion following intradiscal delivery in a preclinical large animal model. 28735027 10 20 theme long-term 2162:2170 arg1 studies 2184:2190 long-term preclinical studies 2162:2190 long-term preclinical studies 2162:2190 These results support evaluation of this hydrogel as a minimally invasive disc therapeutic in long-term preclinical studies as a precursor to future clinical application in patients with disc degeneration and low back pain. 28735027 3 21 theme triple 589:594 arg1 hydrogel 621:628 a triple interpenetrating network hydrogel 587:628 a triple interpenetrating network hydrogel composed of dextran, chitosan, and teleostean (DCT) 587:680 The purpose of this study was to establish the translational feasibility of a triple interpenetrating network hydrogel composed of dextran, chitosan, and teleostean (DCT) for augmentation of the degenerative NP in a preclinical goat model. 28735027 4 22 theme zone 871:874 arg1 modulus 876:882 neutral zone modulus 863:882 neutral zone modulus towards physiologic values 863:909 Ex vivo injection of the DCT hydrogel into degenerated goat lumbar motion segments restored range of motion and neutral zone modulus towards physiologic values. 28735027 3 23 from augmentation 686:697 arg1 model 744:748 a preclinical goat model 725:748 a preclinical goat model 725:748 The purpose of this study was to establish the translational feasibility of a triple interpenetrating network hydrogel composed of dextran, chitosan, and teleostean (DCT) for augmentation of the degenerative NP in a preclinical goat model. 28735027 5 24 theme hydrogel 1035:1042 arg1 radiopaque 1044:1053 the hydrogel radiopaque 1031:1053 the hydrogel radiopaque 1031:1053 To facilitate non-invasive assessment of hydrogel delivery and distribution, zirconia nanoparticles were added to make the hydrogel radiopaque. 28735027 10 25 theme low 2277:2279 arg1 pain 2286:2289 low back pain 2277:2289 low back pain 2277:2289 These results support evaluation of this hydrogel as a minimally invasive disc therapeutic in long-term preclinical studies as a precursor to future clinical application in patients with disc degeneration and low back pain. 28735027 9 26 theme radiopaque 1760:1769 arg1 supportive 1859:1868 supportive 1859:1868 supportive 1859:1868 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The results of this work demonstrate that a radiopaque hydrogel is capable of normalizing the mechanical function of the degenerative disc, is supportive of disc cell and mesenchymal stem cell viability and matrix production, and can be maintained in the disc space without extrusion following intradiscal delivery in a preclinical large animal model. 28735027 9 26 theme radiopaque 1760:1769 arg1 capable 1783:1789 capable 1783:1789 capable 1783:1789 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The results of this work demonstrate that a radiopaque hydrogel is capable of normalizing the mechanical function of the degenerative disc, is supportive of disc cell and mesenchymal stem cell viability and matrix production, and can be maintained in the disc space without extrusion following intradiscal delivery in a preclinical large animal model. 28735027 9 26 theme radiopaque 1760:1769 arg1 hydrogel 1771:1778 a radiopaque hydrogel 1758:1778 a radiopaque hydrogel 1758:1778 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The results of this work demonstrate that a radiopaque hydrogel is capable of normalizing the mechanical function of the degenerative disc, is supportive of disc cell and mesenchymal stem cell viability and matrix production, and can be maintained in the disc space without extrusion following intradiscal delivery in a preclinical large animal model. 28735027 1 27 theme discs 159:163 arg1 cascade 182:188 a progressive cascade 168:188 a progressive cascade of cellular, compositional and structural changes that is frequently associated with low back pain 168:287 Degeneration of the intervertebral discs is a progressive cascade of cellular, compositional and structural changes that is frequently associated with low back pain. 28735027 1 27 theme discs 159:163 arg1 Degeneration 124:135 Degeneration 124:135 Degeneration of the intervertebral discs 124:163 Degeneration of the intervertebral discs is a progressive cascade of cellular, compositional and structural changes that is frequently associated with low back pain. 28735027 2 28 theme mid-stage 487:495 arg1 degeneration 497:508 mid-stage degeneration 487:508 mid-stage degeneration 487:508 As the first signs of disc degeneration typically arise in the disc's central nucleus pulposus (NP), augmentation of the NP via hydrogel injection represents a promising strategy to treat early to mid-stage degeneration. 28735027 10 29 theme hydrogel 2109:2116 arg1 disc 2142:2145 a minimally invasive disc 2121:2145 a minimally invasive disc therapeutic in long-term preclinical studies 2121:2190 These results support evaluation of this hydrogel as a minimally invasive disc therapeutic in long-term preclinical studies as a precursor to future clinical application in patients with disc degeneration and low back pain. 28735027 10 29 theme hydrogel 2109:2116 arg1 evaluation 2090:2099 evaluation 2090:2099 evaluation of this hydrogel 2090:2116 These results support evaluation of this hydrogel as a minimally invasive disc therapeutic in long-term preclinical studies as a precursor to future clinical application in patients with disc degeneration and low back pain. 28735027 10 29 theme hydrogel 2109:2116 arg1 precursor 2197:2205 a precursor 2195:2205 a precursor to future clinical application in patients with disc degeneration and low back pain 2195:2289 These results support evaluation of this hydrogel as a minimally invasive disc therapeutic in long-term preclinical studies as a precursor to future clinical application in patients with disc degeneration and low back pain. 28735027 7 30 theme lumbar 1348:1353 arg1 discs 1370:1374 degenerated goat lumbar intervertebral discs 1331:1374 degenerated goat lumbar intervertebral discs 1331:1374 In vivo studies demonstrated that the radiopaque DCT hydrogel was successfully delivered to degenerated goat lumbar intervertebral discs, where it was distributed throughout both the NP and annulus fibrosus, and that the hydrogel remained contained within the disc space for two weeks without evidence of extrusion. 28735027 9 31 theme intradiscal 2010:2020 arg1 delivery 2022:2029 intradiscal delivery 2010:2029 intradiscal delivery in a preclinical large animal model 2010:2065 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The results of this work demonstrate that a radiopaque hydrogel is capable of normalizing the mechanical function of the degenerative disc, is supportive of disc cell and mesenchymal stem cell viability and matrix production, and can be maintained in the disc space without extrusion following intradiscal delivery in a preclinical large animal model. 28735027 0 32 theme disc 89:92 arg1 regeneration 94:105 intervertebral disc regeneration 74:105 intervertebral disc regeneration 74:105 Translation of an injectable triple-interpenetrating-network hydrogel for intervertebral disc regeneration in a goat model. 28735027 3 33 theme network 613:619 arg1 hydrogel 621:628 a triple interpenetrating network hydrogel 587:628 a triple interpenetrating network hydrogel composed of dextran, chitosan, and teleostean (DCT) 587:680 The purpose of this study was to establish the translational feasibility of a triple interpenetrating network hydrogel composed of dextran, chitosan, and teleostean (DCT) for augmentation of the degenerative NP in a preclinical goat model. 28735027 4 34 dep Ex 751:752 arg1 vivo 754:757 vivo 754:757 vivo 754:757 Ex vivo injection of the DCT hydrogel into degenerated goat lumbar motion segments restored range of motion and neutral zone modulus towards physiologic values. 28735027 3 35 from model 744:748 arg1 augmentation 686:697 augmentation 686:697 augmentation of the degenerative NP in a preclinical goat model 686:748 The purpose of this study was to establish the translational feasibility of a triple interpenetrating network hydrogel composed of dextran, chitosan, and teleostean (DCT) for augmentation of the degenerative NP in a preclinical goat model. 28735027 10 36 theme clinical 2217:2224 arg1 application 2226:2236 future clinical application 2210:2236 future clinical application in patients with disc degeneration and low back pain 2210:2289 These results support evaluation of this hydrogel as a minimally invasive disc therapeutic in long-term preclinical studies as a precursor to future clinical application in patients with disc degeneration and low back pain. 28735027 0 37 from Translation 0:10 arg1 model 117:121 a goat model 110:121 a goat model 110:121 Translation of an injectable triple-interpenetrating-network hydrogel for intervertebral disc regeneration in a goat model. 28735027 9 38 theme preclinical 2036:2046 arg1 model 2061:2065 a preclinical large animal model 2034:2065 a preclinical large animal model 2034:2065 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The results of this work demonstrate that a radiopaque hydrogel is capable of normalizing the mechanical function of the degenerative disc, is supportive of disc cell and mesenchymal stem cell viability and matrix production, and can be maintained in the disc space without extrusion following intradiscal delivery in a preclinical large animal model. 28735027 0 39 theme goat 112:115 arg1 model 117:121 a goat model 110:121 a goat model 110:121 Translation of an injectable triple-interpenetrating-network hydrogel for intervertebral disc regeneration in a goat model. 28735027 5 40 theme delivery 962:969 arg1 assessment 939:948 non-invasive assessment 926:948 non-invasive assessment of hydrogel delivery and distribution 926:986 To facilitate non-invasive assessment of hydrogel delivery and distribution, zirconia nanoparticles were added to make the hydrogel radiopaque. 28735027 9 41 theme animal 2054:2059 arg1 model 2061:2065 a preclinical large animal model 2034:2065 a preclinical large animal model 2034:2065 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The results of this work demonstrate that a radiopaque hydrogel is capable of normalizing the mechanical function of the degenerative disc, is supportive of disc cell and mesenchymal stem cell viability and matrix production, and can be maintained in the disc space without extrusion following intradiscal delivery in a preclinical large animal model. 28735027 5 42 theme distribution 975:986 arg1 assessment 939:948 non-invasive assessment 926:948 non-invasive assessment of hydrogel delivery and distribution 926:986 To facilitate non-invasive assessment of hydrogel delivery and distribution, zirconia nanoparticles were added to make the hydrogel radiopaque. 28735027 7 43 theme goat 1343:1346 arg1 discs 1370:1374 degenerated goat lumbar intervertebral discs 1331:1374 degenerated goat lumbar intervertebral discs 1331:1374 In vivo studies demonstrated that the radiopaque DCT hydrogel was successfully delivered to degenerated goat lumbar intervertebral discs, where it was distributed throughout both the NP and annulus fibrosus, and that the hydrogel remained contained within the disc space for two weeks without evidence of extrusion. 28735027 5 44 theme non-invasive 926:937 arg1 assessment 939:948 non-invasive assessment 926:948 non-invasive assessment of hydrogel delivery and distribution 926:986 To facilitate non-invasive assessment of hydrogel delivery and distribution, zirconia nanoparticles were added to make the hydrogel radiopaque. 28735027 2 45 theme hydrogel 418:425 arg1 injection 427:435 hydrogel injection 418:435 hydrogel injection 418:435 As the first signs of disc degeneration typically arise in the disc's central nucleus pulposus (NP), augmentation of the NP via hydrogel injection represents a promising strategy to treat early to mid-stage degeneration. 28735027 6 46 theme cells 1196:1200 arg1 viability 1120:1128 viability 1120:1128 viability 1120:1128 Importantly, the addition of zirconia did not negatively impact viability or matrix producing capacity of goat mesenchymal stem cells or NP cells seeded within the hydrogel in vitro. 28735027 6 46 theme cells 1196:1200 arg1 capacity 1150:1157 matrix producing capacity 1133:1157 matrix producing capacity of goat mesenchymal stem cells or NP cells seeded within the hydrogel in vitro 1133:1236 Importantly, the addition of zirconia did not negatively impact viability or matrix producing capacity of goat mesenchymal stem cells or NP cells seeded within the hydrogel in vitro. 28735027 9 47 theme disc 1850:1853 arg1 function 1821:1828 the mechanical function 1806:1828 the mechanical function of the degenerative disc 1806:1853 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The results of this work demonstrate that a radiopaque hydrogel is capable of normalizing the mechanical function of the degenerative disc, is supportive of disc cell and mesenchymal stem cell viability and matrix production, and can be maintained in the disc space without extrusion following intradiscal delivery in a preclinical large animal model. 28735027 2 48 theme NP 411:412 arg1 augmentation 391:402 augmentation 391:402 augmentation of the NP via hydrogel injection 391:435 As the first signs of disc degeneration typically arise in the disc's central nucleus pulposus (NP), augmentation of the NP via hydrogel injection represents a promising strategy to treat early to mid-stage degeneration. 28735027 0 49 theme triple-interpenetrating-network 29:59 arg1 hydrogel 61:68 an injectable triple-interpenetrating-network hydrogel 15:68 an injectable triple-interpenetrating-network hydrogel for intervertebral disc regeneration 15:105 Translation of an injectable triple-interpenetrating-network hydrogel for intervertebral disc regeneration in a goat model. 28735027 2 50 theme promising 450:458 arg1 strategy 460:467 a promising strategy 448:467 a promising strategy to treat early to mid-stage degeneration 448:508 As the first signs of disc degeneration typically arise in the disc's central nucleus pulposus (NP), augmentation of the NP via hydrogel injection represents a promising strategy to treat early to mid-stage degeneration. 28735027 4 51 theme goat 806:809 arg1 segments 825:832 degenerated goat lumbar motion segments 794:832 degenerated goat lumbar motion segments 794:832 Ex vivo injection of the DCT hydrogel into degenerated goat lumbar motion segments restored range of motion and neutral zone modulus towards physiologic values. 28735027 9 52 theme SIGNIFICANCE 1703:1714 arg1 STATEMENT 1690:1698 STATEMENT 1690:1698 STATEMENT 1690:1698 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The results of this work demonstrate that a radiopaque hydrogel is capable of normalizing the mechanical function of the degenerative disc, is supportive of disc cell and mesenchymal stem cell viability and matrix production, and can be maintained in the disc space without extrusion following intradiscal delivery in a preclinical large animal model. 28735027 7 53 theme radiopaque 1277:1286 arg1 hydrogel 1292:1299 the radiopaque DCT hydrogel 1273:1299 the radiopaque DCT hydrogel 1273:1299 In vivo studies demonstrated that the radiopaque DCT hydrogel was successfully delivered to degenerated goat lumbar intervertebral discs, where it was distributed throughout both the NP and annulus fibrosus, and that the hydrogel remained contained within the disc space for two weeks without evidence of extrusion. 28735027 9 54 theme cell 1878:1881 arg1 supportive 1859:1868 supportive 1859:1868 supportive 1859:1868 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The results of this work demonstrate that a radiopaque hydrogel is capable of normalizing the mechanical function of the degenerative disc, is supportive of disc cell and mesenchymal stem cell viability and matrix production, and can be maintained in the disc space without extrusion following intradiscal delivery in a preclinical large animal model. 28735027 9 54 theme cell 1878:1881 arg1 capable 1783:1789 capable 1783:1789 capable 1783:1789 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The results of this work demonstrate that a radiopaque hydrogel is capable of normalizing the mechanical function of the degenerative disc, is supportive of disc cell and mesenchymal stem cell viability and matrix production, and can be maintained in the disc space without extrusion following intradiscal delivery in a preclinical large animal model. 28735027 9 54 theme cell 1878:1881 arg1 hydrogel 1771:1778 a radiopaque hydrogel 1758:1778 a radiopaque hydrogel 1758:1778 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The results of this work demonstrate that a radiopaque hydrogel is capable of normalizing the mechanical function of the degenerative disc, is supportive of disc cell and mesenchymal stem cell viability and matrix production, and can be maintained in the disc space without extrusion following intradiscal delivery in a preclinical large animal model. 28735027 8 55 theme translational 1585:1597 arg1 potential 1599:1607 the translational potential 1581:1607 the translational potential of this hydrogel for functional regeneration of degenerate intervertebral discs 1581:1687 These results demonstrate the translational potential of this hydrogel for functional regeneration of degenerate intervertebral discs. 28735027 8 56 theme intervertebral 1668:1681 arg1 discs 1683:1687 degenerate intervertebral discs 1657:1687 degenerate intervertebral discs 1657:1687 These results demonstrate the translational potential of this hydrogel for functional regeneration of degenerate intervertebral discs. 28735027 6 57 theme mesenchymal 1167:1177 arg1 cells 1184:1188 goat mesenchymal stem cells 1162:1188 goat mesenchymal stem cells 1162:1188 Importantly, the addition of zirconia did not negatively impact viability or matrix producing capacity of goat mesenchymal stem cells or NP cells seeded within the hydrogel in vitro. 28735027 7 58 theme disc 1499:1502 arg1 space 1504:1508 the disc space 1495:1508 the disc space for two weeks without evidence of extrusion 1495:1552 In vivo studies demonstrated that the radiopaque DCT hydrogel was successfully delivered to degenerated goat lumbar intervertebral discs, where it was distributed throughout both the NP and annulus fibrosus, and that the hydrogel remained contained within the disc space for two weeks without evidence of extrusion. 28735027 5 59 theme zirconia 989:996 arg1 nanoparticles 998:1010 zirconia nanoparticles 989:1010 zirconia nanoparticles 989:1010 To facilitate non-invasive assessment of hydrogel delivery and distribution, zirconia nanoparticles were added to make the hydrogel radiopaque. 28735027 9 60 theme mesenchymal 1887:1897 arg1 viability 1909:1917 disc cell and mesenchymal stem cell viability 1873:1917 viability 1909:1917 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The results of this work demonstrate that a radiopaque hydrogel is capable of normalizing the mechanical function of the degenerative disc, is supportive of disc cell and mesenchymal stem cell viability and matrix production, and can be maintained in the disc space without extrusion following intradiscal delivery in a preclinical large animal model. 28735027 4 61 theme DCT 776:778 arg1 hydrogel 780:787 the DCT hydrogel 772:787 the DCT hydrogel 772:787 Ex vivo injection of the DCT hydrogel into degenerated goat lumbar motion segments restored range of motion and neutral zone modulus towards physiologic values. 28735027 10 62 with patients 2241:2248 arg1 degeneration 2260:2271 disc degeneration 2255:2271 disc degeneration 2255:2271 These results support evaluation of this hydrogel as a minimally invasive disc therapeutic in long-term preclinical studies as a precursor to future clinical application in patients with disc degeneration and low back pain. 28735027 10 62 with patients 2241:2248 arg1 pain 2286:2289 low back pain 2277:2289 low back pain 2277:2289 These results support evaluation of this hydrogel as a minimally invasive disc therapeutic in long-term preclinical studies as a precursor to future clinical application in patients with disc degeneration and low back pain. 28735027 9 63 theme cell 1904:1907 arg1 viability 1909:1917 disc cell and mesenchymal stem cell viability 1873:1917 viability 1909:1917 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The results of this work demonstrate that a radiopaque hydrogel is capable of normalizing the mechanical function of the degenerative disc, is supportive of disc cell and mesenchymal stem cell viability and matrix production, and can be maintained in the disc space without extrusion following intradiscal delivery in a preclinical large animal model. 28735027 8 64 theme hydrogel 1617:1624 arg1 potential 1599:1607 the translational potential 1581:1607 the translational potential of this hydrogel for functional regeneration of degenerate intervertebral discs 1581:1687 These results demonstrate the translational potential of this hydrogel for functional regeneration of degenerate intervertebral discs. 28735027 2 65 theme central 360:366 arg1 NP 386:387 NP 386:387 NP 386:387 As the first signs of disc degeneration typically arise in the disc's central nucleus pulposus (NP), augmentation of the NP via hydrogel injection represents a promising strategy to treat early to mid-stage degeneration. 28735027 2 65 theme central 360:366 arg1 pulposus 376:383 the disc's central nucleus pulposus 349:383 the disc's central nucleus pulposus (NP) 349:388 As the first signs of disc degeneration typically arise in the disc's central nucleus pulposus (NP), augmentation of the NP via hydrogel injection represents a promising strategy to treat early to mid-stage degeneration. 28735027 1 66 theme low 275:277 arg1 pain 284:287 low back pain 275:287 low back pain 275:287 Degeneration of the intervertebral discs is a progressive cascade of cellular, compositional and structural changes that is frequently associated with low back pain. 28735027 7 67 theme In 1239:1240 arg1 studies 1247:1253 In vivo studies 1239:1253 In vivo studies 1239:1253 In vivo studies demonstrated that the radiopaque DCT hydrogel was successfully delivered to degenerated goat lumbar intervertebral discs, where it was distributed throughout both the NP and annulus fibrosus, and that the hydrogel remained contained within the disc space for two weeks without evidence of extrusion. 28735027 8 68 theme functional 1630:1639 arg1 regeneration 1641:1652 functional regeneration 1630:1652 functional regeneration of degenerate intervertebral discs 1630:1687 These results demonstrate the translational potential of this hydrogel for functional regeneration of degenerate intervertebral discs. 28735027 3 69 theme study 531:535 arg1 purpose 515:521 The purpose 511:521 The purpose of this study 511:535 The purpose of this study was to establish the translational feasibility of a triple interpenetrating network hydrogel composed of dextran, chitosan, and teleostean (DCT) for augmentation of the degenerative NP in a preclinical goat model. 28735027 4 70 theme motion 852:857 arg1 modulus 876:882 neutral zone modulus 863:882 neutral zone modulus towards physiologic values 863:909 Ex vivo injection of the DCT hydrogel into degenerated goat lumbar motion segments restored range of motion and neutral zone modulus towards physiologic values. 28735027 4 70 theme motion 852:857 arg1 range 843:847 range 843:847 range of motion 843:857 Ex vivo injection of the DCT hydrogel into degenerated goat lumbar motion segments restored range of motion and neutral zone modulus towards physiologic values. 28735027 6 71 theme cells 1184:1188 arg1 viability 1120:1128 viability 1120:1128 viability 1120:1128 Importantly, the addition of zirconia did not negatively impact viability or matrix producing capacity of goat mesenchymal stem cells or NP cells seeded within the hydrogel in vitro. 28735027 6 71 theme cells 1184:1188 arg1 capacity 1150:1157 matrix producing capacity 1133:1157 matrix producing capacity of goat mesenchymal stem cells or NP cells seeded within the hydrogel in vitro 1133:1236 Importantly, the addition of zirconia did not negatively impact viability or matrix producing capacity of goat mesenchymal stem cells or NP cells seeded within the hydrogel in vitro. 28735027 9 72 theme production 1930:1939 arg1 supportive 1859:1868 supportive 1859:1868 supportive 1859:1868 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The results of this work demonstrate that a radiopaque hydrogel is capable of normalizing the mechanical function of the degenerative disc, is supportive of disc cell and mesenchymal stem cell viability and matrix production, and can be maintained in the disc space without extrusion following intradiscal delivery in a preclinical large animal model. 28735027 9 72 theme production 1930:1939 arg1 capable 1783:1789 capable 1783:1789 capable 1783:1789 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The results of this work demonstrate that a radiopaque hydrogel is capable of normalizing the mechanical function of the degenerative disc, is supportive of disc cell and mesenchymal stem cell viability and matrix production, and can be maintained in the disc space without extrusion following intradiscal delivery in a preclinical large animal model. 28735027 9 72 theme production 1930:1939 arg1 hydrogel 1771:1778 a radiopaque hydrogel 1758:1778 a radiopaque hydrogel 1758:1778 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The results of this work demonstrate that a radiopaque hydrogel is capable of normalizing the mechanical function of the degenerative disc, is supportive of disc cell and mesenchymal stem cell viability and matrix production, and can be maintained in the disc space without extrusion following intradiscal delivery in a preclinical large animal model. 28735027 3 73 theme NP 719:720 arg1 augmentation 686:697 augmentation 686:697 augmentation of the degenerative NP in a preclinical goat model 686:748 The purpose of this study was to establish the translational feasibility of a triple interpenetrating network hydrogel composed of dextran, chitosan, and teleostean (DCT) for augmentation of the degenerative NP in a preclinical goat model. 28735027 4 74 theme lumbar 811:816 arg1 segments 825:832 degenerated goat lumbar motion segments 794:832 degenerated goat lumbar motion segments 794:832 Ex vivo injection of the DCT hydrogel into degenerated goat lumbar motion segments restored range of motion and neutral zone modulus towards physiologic values. 28735027 7 75 theme annulus 1429:1435 arg1 fibrosus 1437:1444 both the NP and annulus fibrosus 1413:1444 fibrosus 1437:1444 In vivo studies demonstrated that the radiopaque DCT hydrogel was successfully delivered to degenerated goat lumbar intervertebral discs, where it was distributed throughout both the NP and annulus fibrosus, and that the hydrogel remained contained within the disc space for two weeks without evidence of extrusion. 28735027 7 76 theme NP 1422:1423 arg1 fibrosus 1437:1444 both the NP and annulus fibrosus 1413:1444 fibrosus 1437:1444 In vivo studies demonstrated that the radiopaque DCT hydrogel was successfully delivered to degenerated goat lumbar intervertebral discs, where it was distributed throughout both the NP and annulus fibrosus, and that the hydrogel remained contained within the disc space for two weeks without evidence of extrusion. 28735027 3 77 theme goat 739:742 arg1 model 744:748 a preclinical goat model 725:748 a preclinical goat model 725:748 The purpose of this study was to establish the translational feasibility of a triple interpenetrating network hydrogel composed of dextran, chitosan, and teleostean (DCT) for augmentation of the degenerative NP in a preclinical goat model. 28735027 10 78 from therapeutic 2147:2157 arg1 studies 2184:2190 long-term preclinical studies 2162:2190 long-term preclinical studies 2162:2190 These results support evaluation of this hydrogel as a minimally invasive disc therapeutic in long-term preclinical studies as a precursor to future clinical application in patients with disc degeneration and low back pain. 28735027 2 79 theme disc 312:315 arg1 degeneration 317:328 disc degeneration 312:328 disc degeneration 312:328 As the first signs of disc degeneration typically arise in the disc's central nucleus pulposus (NP), augmentation of the NP via hydrogel injection represents a promising strategy to treat early to mid-stage degeneration. 28735027 3 80 theme translational 558:570 arg1 feasibility 572:582 the translational feasibility 554:582 the translational feasibility of a triple interpenetrating network hydrogel composed of dextran, chitosan, and teleostean (DCT) 554:680 The purpose of this study was to establish the translational feasibility of a triple interpenetrating network hydrogel composed of dextran, chitosan, and teleostean (DCT) for augmentation of the degenerative NP in a preclinical goat model. 28735027 4 81 theme physiologic 892:902 arg1 values 904:909 physiologic values 892:909 physiologic values 892:909 Ex vivo injection of the DCT hydrogel into degenerated goat lumbar motion segments restored range of motion and neutral zone modulus towards physiologic values. 28735027 6 82 theme producing 1140:1148 arg1 capacity 1150:1157 matrix producing capacity 1133:1157 matrix producing capacity of goat mesenchymal stem cells or NP cells seeded within the hydrogel in vitro 1133:1236 Importantly, the addition of zirconia did not negatively impact viability or matrix producing capacity of goat mesenchymal stem cells or NP cells seeded within the hydrogel in vitro. 28735027 10 83 theme preclinical 2172:2182 arg1 studies 2184:2190 long-term preclinical studies 2162:2190 long-term preclinical studies 2162:2190 These results support evaluation of this hydrogel as a minimally invasive disc therapeutic in long-term preclinical studies as a precursor to future clinical application in patients with disc degeneration and low back pain. 28735027 1 84 theme changes 232:238 arg1 Degeneration 124:135 Degeneration 124:135 Degeneration of the intervertebral discs 124:163 Degeneration of the intervertebral discs is a progressive cascade of cellular, compositional and structural changes that is frequently associated with low back pain. 28735027 1 84 theme changes 232:238 arg1 cascade 182:188 a progressive cascade 168:188 a progressive cascade of cellular, compositional and structural changes that is frequently associated with low back pain 168:287 Degeneration of the intervertebral discs is a progressive cascade of cellular, compositional and structural changes that is frequently associated with low back pain. 28735027 9 85 theme disc 1971:1974 arg1 space 1976:1980 the disc space 1967:1980 the disc space 1967:1980 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The results of this work demonstrate that a radiopaque hydrogel is capable of normalizing the mechanical function of the degenerative disc, is supportive of disc cell and mesenchymal stem cell viability and matrix production, and can be maintained in the disc space without extrusion following intradiscal delivery in a preclinical large animal model. 28735027 4 86 theme neutral 863:869 arg1 modulus 876:882 neutral zone modulus 863:882 neutral zone modulus towards physiologic values 863:909 Ex vivo injection of the DCT hydrogel into degenerated goat lumbar motion segments restored range of motion and neutral zone modulus towards physiologic values. 28735027 3 87 theme hydrogel 621:628 arg1 feasibility 572:582 the translational feasibility 554:582 the translational feasibility of a triple interpenetrating network hydrogel composed of dextran, chitosan, and teleostean (DCT) 554:680 The purpose of this study was to establish the translational feasibility of a triple interpenetrating network hydrogel composed of dextran, chitosan, and teleostean (DCT) for augmentation of the degenerative NP in a preclinical goat model. 28735027 1 88 theme intervertebral 144:157 arg1 discs 159:163 the intervertebral discs 140:163 the intervertebral discs 140:163 Degeneration of the intervertebral discs is a progressive cascade of cellular, compositional and structural changes that is frequently associated with low back pain. 28735027 3 89 theme interpenetrating 596:611 arg1 hydrogel 621:628 a triple interpenetrating network hydrogel 587:628 a triple interpenetrating network hydrogel composed of dextran, chitosan, and teleostean (DCT) 587:680 The purpose of this study was to establish the translational feasibility of a triple interpenetrating network hydrogel composed of dextran, chitosan, and teleostean (DCT) for augmentation of the degenerative NP in a preclinical goat model. 28735027 7 90 theme intervertebral 1355:1368 arg1 discs 1370:1374 degenerated goat lumbar intervertebral discs 1331:1374 degenerated goat lumbar intervertebral discs 1331:1374 In vivo studies demonstrated that the radiopaque DCT hydrogel was successfully delivered to degenerated goat lumbar intervertebral discs, where it was distributed throughout both the NP and annulus fibrosus, and that the hydrogel remained contained within the disc space for two weeks without evidence of extrusion. 28735027 1 91 theme progressive 170:180 arg1 Degeneration 124:135 Degeneration 124:135 Degeneration of the intervertebral discs 124:163 Degeneration of the intervertebral discs is a progressive cascade of cellular, compositional and structural changes that is frequently associated with low back pain. 28735027 1 91 theme progressive 170:180 arg1 cascade 182:188 a progressive cascade 168:188 a progressive cascade of cellular, compositional and structural changes that is frequently associated with low back pain 168:287 Degeneration of the intervertebral discs is a progressive cascade of cellular, compositional and structural changes that is frequently associated with low back pain. 28735027 10 92 theme disc 2255:2258 arg1 degeneration 2260:2271 disc degeneration 2255:2271 disc degeneration 2255:2271 These results support evaluation of this hydrogel as a minimally invasive disc therapeutic in long-term preclinical studies as a precursor to future clinical application in patients with disc degeneration and low back pain. 28735027 5 93 theme hydrogel 953:960 arg1 delivery 962:969 hydrogel delivery 953:969 hydrogel delivery 953:969 To facilitate non-invasive assessment of hydrogel delivery and distribution, zirconia nanoparticles were added to make the hydrogel radiopaque. 28735027 7 94 theme extrusion 1544:1552 arg1 evidence 1532:1539 evidence 1532:1539 evidence of extrusion 1532:1552 In vivo studies demonstrated that the radiopaque DCT hydrogel was successfully delivered to degenerated goat lumbar intervertebral discs, where it was distributed throughout both the NP and annulus fibrosus, and that the hydrogel remained contained within the disc space for two weeks without evidence of extrusion. 28735027 9 95 theme mechanical 1810:1819 arg1 function 1821:1828 the mechanical function 1806:1828 the mechanical function of the degenerative disc 1806:1853 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The results of this work demonstrate that a radiopaque hydrogel is capable of normalizing the mechanical function of the degenerative disc, is supportive of disc cell and mesenchymal stem cell viability and matrix production, and can be maintained in the disc space without extrusion following intradiscal delivery in a preclinical large animal model. 28735027 9 96 theme large 2048:2052 arg1 model 2061:2065 a preclinical large animal model 2034:2065 a preclinical large animal model 2034:2065 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The results of this work demonstrate that a radiopaque hydrogel is capable of normalizing the mechanical function of the degenerative disc, is supportive of disc cell and mesenchymal stem cell viability and matrix production, and can be maintained in the disc space without extrusion following intradiscal delivery in a preclinical large animal model. 28735027 7 97 theme degenerated 1331:1341 arg1 discs 1370:1374 degenerated goat lumbar intervertebral discs 1331:1374 degenerated goat lumbar intervertebral discs 1331:1374 In vivo studies demonstrated that the radiopaque DCT hydrogel was successfully delivered to degenerated goat lumbar intervertebral discs, where it was distributed throughout both the NP and annulus fibrosus, and that the hydrogel remained contained within the disc space for two weeks without evidence of extrusion. 28735027 4 98 theme Ex 751:752 arg1 injection 759:767 Ex vivo injection 751:767 Ex vivo injection of the DCT hydrogel into degenerated goat lumbar motion segments 751:832 Ex vivo injection of the DCT hydrogel into degenerated goat lumbar motion segments restored range of motion and neutral zone modulus towards physiologic values. 28735027 9 99 theme degenerative 1837:1848 arg1 disc 1850:1853 the degenerative disc 1833:1853 the degenerative disc 1833:1853 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The results of this work demonstrate that a radiopaque hydrogel is capable of normalizing the mechanical function of the degenerative disc, is supportive of disc cell and mesenchymal stem cell viability and matrix production, and can be maintained in the disc space without extrusion following intradiscal delivery in a preclinical large animal model. 28735027 0 100 theme injectable 18:27 arg1 hydrogel 61:68 an injectable triple-interpenetrating-network hydrogel 15:68 an injectable triple-interpenetrating-network hydrogel for intervertebral disc regeneration 15:105 Translation of an injectable triple-interpenetrating-network hydrogel for intervertebral disc regeneration in a goat model. 28735027 0 101 theme hydrogel 61:68 arg1 Translation 0:10 Translation 0:10 Translation of an injectable triple-interpenetrating-network hydrogel for intervertebral disc regeneration in a goat model. 0:122 Translation of an injectable triple-interpenetrating-network hydrogel for intervertebral disc regeneration in a goat model. 28735027 6 102 theme NP 1193:1194 arg1 cells 1196:1200 NP cells 1193:1200 NP cells 1193:1200 Importantly, the addition of zirconia did not negatively impact viability or matrix producing capacity of goat mesenchymal stem cells or NP cells seeded within the hydrogel in vitro. 28735027 7 103 theme DCT 1288:1290 arg1 hydrogel 1292:1299 the radiopaque DCT hydrogel 1273:1299 the radiopaque DCT hydrogel 1273:1299 In vivo studies demonstrated that the radiopaque DCT hydrogel was successfully delivered to degenerated goat lumbar intervertebral discs, where it was distributed throughout both the NP and annulus fibrosus, and that the hydrogel remained contained within the disc space for two weeks without evidence of extrusion. 28735027 9 104 from delivery 2022:2029 arg1 model 2061:2065 a preclinical large animal model 2034:2065 a preclinical large animal model 2034:2065 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The results of this work demonstrate that a radiopaque hydrogel is capable of normalizing the mechanical function of the degenerative disc, is supportive of disc cell and mesenchymal stem cell viability and matrix production, and can be maintained in the disc space without extrusion following intradiscal delivery in a preclinical large animal model. 28735027 4 105 theme hydrogel 780:787 arg1 injection 759:767 Ex vivo injection 751:767 Ex vivo injection of the DCT hydrogel into degenerated goat lumbar motion segments 751:832 Ex vivo injection of the DCT hydrogel into degenerated goat lumbar motion segments restored range of motion and neutral zone modulus towards physiologic values. 28735027 0 106 theme intervertebral 74:87 arg1 regeneration 94:105 intervertebral disc regeneration 74:105 intervertebral disc regeneration 74:105 Translation of an injectable triple-interpenetrating-network hydrogel for intervertebral disc regeneration in a goat model. 28735027 6 107 theme matrix 1133:1138 arg1 capacity 1150:1157 matrix producing capacity 1133:1157 matrix producing capacity of goat mesenchymal stem cells or NP cells seeded within the hydrogel in vitro 1133:1236 Importantly, the addition of zirconia did not negatively impact viability or matrix producing capacity of goat mesenchymal stem cells or NP cells seeded within the hydrogel in vitro. 28735027 9 108 theme disc 1873:1876 arg1 cell 1878:1881 disc cell and mesenchymal stem cell viability 1873:1917 cell 1878:1881 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The results of this work demonstrate that a radiopaque hydrogel is capable of normalizing the mechanical function of the degenerative disc, is supportive of disc cell and mesenchymal stem cell viability and matrix production, and can be maintained in the disc space without extrusion following intradiscal delivery in a preclinical large animal model. 28735027 4 109 theme degenerated 794:804 arg1 segments 825:832 degenerated goat lumbar motion segments 794:832 degenerated goat lumbar motion segments 794:832 Ex vivo injection of the DCT hydrogel into degenerated goat lumbar motion segments restored range of motion and neutral zone modulus towards physiologic values. 28735027 8 110 theme discs 1683:1687 arg1 regeneration 1641:1652 functional regeneration 1630:1652 functional regeneration of degenerate intervertebral discs 1630:1687 These results demonstrate the translational potential of this hydrogel for functional regeneration of degenerate intervertebral discs. 28735027 10 111 theme future 2210:2215 arg1 application 2226:2236 future clinical application 2210:2236 future clinical application in patients with disc degeneration and low back pain 2210:2289 These results support evaluation of this hydrogel as a minimally invasive disc therapeutic in long-term preclinical studies as a precursor to future clinical application in patients with disc degeneration and low back pain. 28735027 9 112 theme stem 1899:1902 arg1 viability 1909:1917 disc cell and mesenchymal stem cell viability 1873:1917 viability 1909:1917 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The results of this work demonstrate that a radiopaque hydrogel is capable of normalizing the mechanical function of the degenerative disc, is supportive of disc cell and mesenchymal stem cell viability and matrix production, and can be maintained in the disc space without extrusion following intradiscal delivery in a preclinical large animal model. 28735027 10 113 from studies 2184:2190 arg1 therapeutic 2147:2157 therapeutic 2147:2157 therapeutic 2147:2157 These results support evaluation of this hydrogel as a minimally invasive disc therapeutic in long-term preclinical studies as a precursor to future clinical application in patients with disc degeneration and low back pain. 28735027 2 114 theme nucleus 368:374 arg1 NP 386:387 NP 386:387 NP 386:387 As the first signs of disc degeneration typically arise in the disc's central nucleus pulposus (NP), augmentation of the NP via hydrogel injection represents a promising strategy to treat early to mid-stage degeneration. 28735027 2 114 theme nucleus 368:374 arg1 pulposus 376:383 the disc's central nucleus pulposus 349:383 the disc's central nucleus pulposus (NP) 349:388 As the first signs of disc degeneration typically arise in the disc's central nucleus pulposus (NP), augmentation of the NP via hydrogel injection represents a promising strategy to treat early to mid-stage degeneration. 26134099 3 0 theme acid 299:302 arg1 esters 304:309 fatty acid esters 293:309 fatty acid esters of dextran with adjustable melting points in the range of 30-140 °C 293:377 For that purpose, fatty acid esters of dextran with adjustable melting points in the range of 30-140 °C were synthesized. 26134099 9 1 theme new 1317:1319 arg1 class 1321:1325 a new class 1315:1325 a new class 1315:1325 This may lead to a new class of magnetic remote control systems, which are suitable for controlled release applications or self-healing materials. 26134099 9 1 theme new 1317:1319 arg1 suitable 1373:1380 suitable 1373:1380 suitable 1373:1380 This may lead to a new class of magnetic remote control systems, which are suitable for controlled release applications or self-healing materials. 26134099 9 2 theme release 1397:1403 arg1 applications 1405:1416 controlled release applications 1386:1416 controlled release applications 1386:1416 This may lead to a new class of magnetic remote control systems, which are suitable for controlled release applications or self-healing materials. 26134099 4 3 theme reaction 497:504 arg1 conditions 506:515 mild reaction conditions 492:515 mild reaction conditions leading to high quality products as confirmed by FTIR- and NMR spectroscopy as well as by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) 492:641 Esterification of the polysaccharide by activation of the acid as iminium chlorides guaranteed mild reaction conditions leading to high quality products as confirmed by FTIR- and NMR spectroscopy as well as by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). 26134099 5 4 theme ester 793:797 arg1 dissolution/suspension 755:776 combined dissolution/suspension 746:776 combined dissolution/suspension of the dextran ester and hydrophobized MNPs in an organic solvent followed by homogenization with ultrasonication, casting of the solution, drying and melting of the composite for a defined shaping 746:974 A method for the preparation of magnetically responsive bionanocomposites was developed consisting of combined dissolution/suspension of the dextran ester and hydrophobized MNPs in an organic solvent followed by homogenization with ultrasonication, casting of the solution, drying and melting of the composite for a defined shaping. 26134099 3 5 theme melting 338:344 arg1 points 346:351 adjustable melting points 327:351 adjustable melting points in the range of 30-140 °C 327:377 For that purpose, fatty acid esters of dextran with adjustable melting points in the range of 30-140 °C were synthesized. 26134099 3 6 with esters 304:309 arg1 points 346:351 adjustable melting points 327:351 adjustable melting points in the range of 30-140 °C 327:377 For that purpose, fatty acid esters of dextran with adjustable melting points in the range of 30-140 °C were synthesized. 26134099 7 7 theme different 1103:1111 arg1 geometries 1113:1122 different geometries 1103:1122 different geometries 1103:1122 Samples of different geometries were exposed to high frequency alternating magnetic field. 26134099 4 8 theme NMR 576:578 arg1 spectroscopy 580:591 NMR spectroscopy 576:591 NMR spectroscopy 576:591 Esterification of the polysaccharide by activation of the acid as iminium chlorides guaranteed mild reaction conditions leading to high quality products as confirmed by FTIR- and NMR spectroscopy as well as by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). 26134099 4 9 theme acid 455:458 arg1 activation 437:446 activation 437:446 activation of the acid 437:458 Esterification of the polysaccharide by activation of the acid as iminium chlorides guaranteed mild reaction conditions leading to high quality products as confirmed by FTIR- and NMR spectroscopy as well as by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). 26134099 6 10 from distribution 1009:1020 arg1 nanocomposite 1033:1045 nanocomposite 1033:1045 nanocomposite 1033:1045 This process leads to a uniform distribution of MNPs in nanocomposite as revealed by scanning electron microscope. 26134099 5 11 theme defined 960:966 arg1 shaping 968:974 a defined shaping 958:974 a defined shaping 958:974 A method for the preparation of magnetically responsive bionanocomposites was developed consisting of combined dissolution/suspension of the dextran ester and hydrophobized MNPs in an organic solvent followed by homogenization with ultrasonication, casting of the solution, drying and melting of the composite for a defined shaping. 26134099 9 12 theme systems 1354:1360 arg1 class 1321:1325 a new class 1315:1325 a new class 1315:1325 This may lead to a new class of magnetic remote control systems, which are suitable for controlled release applications or self-healing materials. 26134099 9 12 theme systems 1354:1360 arg1 suitable 1373:1380 suitable 1373:1380 suitable 1373:1380 This may lead to a new class of magnetic remote control systems, which are suitable for controlled release applications or self-healing materials. 26134099 9 13 theme self-healing 1421:1432 arg1 materials 1434:1442 self-healing materials 1421:1442 self-healing materials 1421:1442 This may lead to a new class of magnetic remote control systems, which are suitable for controlled release applications or self-healing materials. 26134099 2 14 theme esters 267:272 arg1 matrix 221:226 a matrix 219:226 a matrix of biocompatible thermoplastic dextran esters 219:272 It is shown that magnetite nanoparticles (MNP) can be embedded into a matrix of biocompatible thermoplastic dextran esters. 26134099 6 15 theme electron 1071:1078 arg1 microscope 1080:1089 scanning electron microscope 1062:1089 scanning electron microscope 1062:1089 This process leads to a uniform distribution of MNPs in nanocomposite as revealed by scanning electron microscope. 26134099 3 16 theme adjustable 327:336 arg1 points 346:351 adjustable melting points 327:351 adjustable melting points in the range of 30-140 °C 327:377 For that purpose, fatty acid esters of dextran with adjustable melting points in the range of 30-140 °C were synthesized. 26134099 4 17 theme iminium 463:469 arg1 chlorides 471:479 iminium chlorides 463:479 iminium chlorides 463:479 Esterification of the polysaccharide by activation of the acid as iminium chlorides guaranteed mild reaction conditions leading to high quality products as confirmed by FTIR- and NMR spectroscopy as well as by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). 26134099 8 18 theme remote 1214:1219 arg1 melting 1221:1227 defined remote melting 1206:1227 defined remote melting of such biocompatible nanocomposites 1206:1264 It could be shown that defined remote melting of such biocompatible nanocomposites is possible for the first time. 26134099 2 19 theme dextran 259:265 arg1 esters 267:272 biocompatible thermoplastic dextran esters 231:272 biocompatible thermoplastic dextran esters 231:272 It is shown that magnetite nanoparticles (MNP) can be embedded into a matrix of biocompatible thermoplastic dextran esters. 26134099 6 20 theme scanning 1062:1069 arg1 microscope 1080:1089 scanning electron microscope 1062:1089 scanning electron microscope 1062:1089 This process leads to a uniform distribution of MNPs in nanocomposite as revealed by scanning electron microscope. 26134099 5 21 theme hydrophobized 803:815 arg1 MNPs 817:820 hydrophobized MNPs 803:820 hydrophobized MNPs in an organic solvent followed by homogenization with ultrasonication, casting of the solution, drying and melting of the composite for a defined shaping 803:974 A method for the preparation of magnetically responsive bionanocomposites was developed consisting of combined dissolution/suspension of the dextran ester and hydrophobized MNPs in an organic solvent followed by homogenization with ultrasonication, casting of the solution, drying and melting of the composite for a defined shaping. 26134099 5 22 from MNPs 817:820 arg1 solvent 836:842 an organic solvent 825:842 an organic solvent followed by homogenization with ultrasonication, casting of the solution, drying and melting of the composite for a defined shaping 825:974 A method for the preparation of magnetically responsive bionanocomposites was developed consisting of combined dissolution/suspension of the dextran ester and hydrophobized MNPs in an organic solvent followed by homogenization with ultrasonication, casting of the solution, drying and melting of the composite for a defined shaping. 26134099 0 23 theme Magnetic 0:7 arg1 Biocomposites 9:21 Magnetic Biocomposites 0:21 Magnetic Biocomposites for Remote Melting 0:40 Magnetic Biocomposites for Remote Melting. 26134099 7 24 theme alternating 1155:1165 arg1 field 1176:1180 high frequency alternating magnetic field 1140:1180 high frequency alternating magnetic field 1140:1180 Samples of different geometries were exposed to high frequency alternating magnetic field. 26134099 8 25 theme biocompatible 1237:1249 arg1 nanocomposites 1251:1264 such biocompatible nanocomposites 1232:1264 such biocompatible nanocomposites 1232:1264 It could be shown that defined remote melting of such biocompatible nanocomposites is possible for the first time. 26134099 1 26 theme biocompatible 84:96 arg1 composites 98:107 biocompatible composites 84:107 biocompatible composites suitable for remote melting 84:135 A new approach toward the fabrication of biocompatible composites suitable for remote melting is presented. 26134099 4 27 theme polysaccharide 419:432 arg1 Esterification 397:410 Esterification 397:410 Esterification of the polysaccharide by activation of the acid as iminium chlorides 397:479 Esterification of the polysaccharide by activation of the acid as iminium chlorides guaranteed mild reaction conditions leading to high quality products as confirmed by FTIR- and NMR spectroscopy as well as by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). 26134099 0 28 theme Remote 27:32 arg1 Melting 34:40 Remote Melting 27:40 Remote Melting 27:40 Magnetic Biocomposites for Remote Melting. 26134099 4 29 theme quality 533:539 arg1 products 541:548 high quality products 528:548 high quality products 528:548 Esterification of the polysaccharide by activation of the acid as iminium chlorides guaranteed mild reaction conditions leading to high quality products as confirmed by FTIR- and NMR spectroscopy as well as by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). 26134099 7 30 theme geometries 1113:1122 arg1 Samples 1092:1098 Samples 1092:1098 Samples of different geometries 1092:1122 Samples of different geometries were exposed to high frequency alternating magnetic field. 26134099 1 31 theme composites 98:107 arg1 fabrication 69:79 the fabrication 65:79 the fabrication of biocompatible composites suitable for remote melting 65:135 A new approach toward the fabrication of biocompatible composites suitable for remote melting is presented. 26134099 4 32 theme gel 607:609 arg1 GPC 638:640 GPC 638:640 GPC 638:640 Esterification of the polysaccharide by activation of the acid as iminium chlorides guaranteed mild reaction conditions leading to high quality products as confirmed by FTIR- and NMR spectroscopy as well as by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). 26134099 4 32 theme gel 607:609 arg1 chromatography 622:635 gel permeation chromatography 607:635 gel permeation chromatography (GPC) 607:641 Esterification of the polysaccharide by activation of the acid as iminium chlorides guaranteed mild reaction conditions leading to high quality products as confirmed by FTIR- and NMR spectroscopy as well as by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). 26134099 9 33 theme magnetic 1330:1337 arg1 systems 1354:1360 magnetic remote control systems 1330:1360 magnetic remote control systems 1330:1360 This may lead to a new class of magnetic remote control systems, which are suitable for controlled release applications or self-healing materials. 26134099 1 34 theme suitable 109:116 arg1 composites 98:107 biocompatible composites 84:107 biocompatible composites suitable for remote melting 84:135 A new approach toward the fabrication of biocompatible composites suitable for remote melting is presented. 26134099 7 35 theme frequency 1145:1153 arg1 field 1176:1180 high frequency alternating magnetic field 1140:1180 high frequency alternating magnetic field 1140:1180 Samples of different geometries were exposed to high frequency alternating magnetic field. 26134099 9 36 theme remote 1339:1344 arg1 systems 1354:1360 magnetic remote control systems 1330:1360 magnetic remote control systems 1330:1360 This may lead to a new class of magnetic remote control systems, which are suitable for controlled release applications or self-healing materials. 26134099 2 37 theme magnetite 168:176 arg1 MNP 193:195 MNP 193:195 MNP 193:195 It is shown that magnetite nanoparticles (MNP) can be embedded into a matrix of biocompatible thermoplastic dextran esters. 26134099 2 37 theme magnetite 168:176 arg1 nanoparticles 178:190 magnetite nanoparticles 168:190 magnetite nanoparticles (MNP) 168:196 It is shown that magnetite nanoparticles (MNP) can be embedded into a matrix of biocompatible thermoplastic dextran esters. 26134099 8 38 theme nanocomposites 1251:1264 arg1 melting 1221:1227 defined remote melting 1206:1227 defined remote melting of such biocompatible nanocomposites 1206:1264 It could be shown that defined remote melting of such biocompatible nanocomposites is possible for the first time. 26134099 8 39 theme first 1286:1290 arg1 time 1292:1295 the first time 1282:1295 the first time 1282:1295 It could be shown that defined remote melting of such biocompatible nanocomposites is possible for the first time. 26134099 5 40 theme dextran 785:791 arg1 ester 793:797 the dextran ester 781:797 the dextran ester 781:797 A method for the preparation of magnetically responsive bionanocomposites was developed consisting of combined dissolution/suspension of the dextran ester and hydrophobized MNPs in an organic solvent followed by homogenization with ultrasonication, casting of the solution, drying and melting of the composite for a defined shaping. 26134099 9 41 theme control 1346:1352 arg1 systems 1354:1360 magnetic remote control systems 1330:1360 magnetic remote control systems 1330:1360 This may lead to a new class of magnetic remote control systems, which are suitable for controlled release applications or self-healing materials. 26134099 5 42 theme responsive 689:698 arg1 bionanocomposites 700:716 magnetically responsive bionanocomposites 676:716 magnetically responsive bionanocomposites 676:716 A method for the preparation of magnetically responsive bionanocomposites was developed consisting of combined dissolution/suspension of the dextran ester and hydrophobized MNPs in an organic solvent followed by homogenization with ultrasonication, casting of the solution, drying and melting of the composite for a defined shaping. 26134099 7 43 theme high 1140:1143 arg1 field 1176:1180 high frequency alternating magnetic field 1140:1180 high frequency alternating magnetic field 1140:1180 Samples of different geometries were exposed to high frequency alternating magnetic field. 26134099 7 44 theme magnetic 1167:1174 arg1 field 1176:1180 high frequency alternating magnetic field 1140:1180 high frequency alternating magnetic field 1140:1180 Samples of different geometries were exposed to high frequency alternating magnetic field. 26134099 4 45 theme permeation 611:620 arg1 GPC 638:640 GPC 638:640 GPC 638:640 Esterification of the polysaccharide by activation of the acid as iminium chlorides guaranteed mild reaction conditions leading to high quality products as confirmed by FTIR- and NMR spectroscopy as well as by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). 26134099 4 45 theme permeation 611:620 arg1 chromatography 622:635 gel permeation chromatography 607:635 gel permeation chromatography (GPC) 607:641 Esterification of the polysaccharide by activation of the acid as iminium chlorides guaranteed mild reaction conditions leading to high quality products as confirmed by FTIR- and NMR spectroscopy as well as by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). 26134099 3 46 theme 30-140 369:374 arg1 °C 376:377 30-140 °C 369:377 30-140 °C 369:377 For that purpose, fatty acid esters of dextran with adjustable melting points in the range of 30-140 °C were synthesized. 26134099 5 47 theme bionanocomposites 700:716 arg1 preparation 661:671 the preparation 657:671 the preparation of magnetically responsive bionanocomposites 657:716 A method for the preparation of magnetically responsive bionanocomposites was developed consisting of combined dissolution/suspension of the dextran ester and hydrophobized MNPs in an organic solvent followed by homogenization with ultrasonication, casting of the solution, drying and melting of the composite for a defined shaping. 26134099 8 48 theme defined 1206:1212 arg1 melting 1221:1227 defined remote melting 1206:1227 defined remote melting of such biocompatible nanocomposites 1206:1264 It could be shown that defined remote melting of such biocompatible nanocomposites is possible for the first time. 26134099 3 49 from points 346:351 arg1 range 360:364 the range 356:364 the range of 30-140 °C 356:377 For that purpose, fatty acid esters of dextran with adjustable melting points in the range of 30-140 °C were synthesized. 26134099 3 50 theme °C 376:377 arg1 range 360:364 the range 356:364 the range of 30-140 °C 356:377 For that purpose, fatty acid esters of dextran with adjustable melting points in the range of 30-140 °C were synthesized. 26134099 4 51 theme high 528:531 arg1 products 541:548 high quality products 528:548 high quality products 528:548 Esterification of the polysaccharide by activation of the acid as iminium chlorides guaranteed mild reaction conditions leading to high quality products as confirmed by FTIR- and NMR spectroscopy as well as by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). 26134099 3 52 theme fatty 293:297 arg1 esters 304:309 fatty acid esters 293:309 fatty acid esters of dextran with adjustable melting points in the range of 30-140 °C 293:377 For that purpose, fatty acid esters of dextran with adjustable melting points in the range of 30-140 °C were synthesized. 26134099 5 53 from dissolution/suspension 755:776 arg1 solvent 836:842 an organic solvent 825:842 an organic solvent followed by homogenization with ultrasonication, casting of the solution, drying and melting of the composite for a defined shaping 825:974 A method for the preparation of magnetically responsive bionanocomposites was developed consisting of combined dissolution/suspension of the dextran ester and hydrophobized MNPs in an organic solvent followed by homogenization with ultrasonication, casting of the solution, drying and melting of the composite for a defined shaping. 26134099 1 54 theme remote 122:127 arg1 melting 129:135 remote melting 122:135 remote melting 122:135 A new approach toward the fabrication of biocompatible composites suitable for remote melting is presented. 26134099 5 55 with homogenization 856:869 arg1 drying 918:923 drying 918:923 drying 918:923 A method for the preparation of magnetically responsive bionanocomposites was developed consisting of combined dissolution/suspension of the dextran ester and hydrophobized MNPs in an organic solvent followed by homogenization with ultrasonication, casting of the solution, drying and melting of the composite for a defined shaping. 26134099 5 55 with homogenization 856:869 arg1 casting 893:899 casting 893:899 casting of the solution 893:915 A method for the preparation of magnetically responsive bionanocomposites was developed consisting of combined dissolution/suspension of the dextran ester and hydrophobized MNPs in an organic solvent followed by homogenization with ultrasonication, casting of the solution, drying and melting of the composite for a defined shaping. 26134099 5 55 with homogenization 856:869 arg1 ultrasonication 876:890 ultrasonication 876:890 ultrasonication 876:890 A method for the preparation of magnetically responsive bionanocomposites was developed consisting of combined dissolution/suspension of the dextran ester and hydrophobized MNPs in an organic solvent followed by homogenization with ultrasonication, casting of the solution, drying and melting of the composite for a defined shaping. 26134099 5 55 with homogenization 856:869 arg1 melting 929:935 melting 929:935 melting 929:935 A method for the preparation of magnetically responsive bionanocomposites was developed consisting of combined dissolution/suspension of the dextran ester and hydrophobized MNPs in an organic solvent followed by homogenization with ultrasonication, casting of the solution, drying and melting of the composite for a defined shaping. 26134099 2 56 theme thermoplastic 245:257 arg1 esters 267:272 biocompatible thermoplastic dextran esters 231:272 biocompatible thermoplastic dextran esters 231:272 It is shown that magnetite nanoparticles (MNP) can be embedded into a matrix of biocompatible thermoplastic dextran esters. 26134099 5 57 theme combined 746:753 arg1 dissolution/suspension 755:776 combined dissolution/suspension 746:776 combined dissolution/suspension of the dextran ester and hydrophobized MNPs in an organic solvent followed by homogenization with ultrasonication, casting of the solution, drying and melting of the composite for a defined shaping 746:974 A method for the preparation of magnetically responsive bionanocomposites was developed consisting of combined dissolution/suspension of the dextran ester and hydrophobized MNPs in an organic solvent followed by homogenization with ultrasonication, casting of the solution, drying and melting of the composite for a defined shaping. 26134099 5 58 theme solution 908:915 arg1 drying 918:923 drying 918:923 drying 918:923 A method for the preparation of magnetically responsive bionanocomposites was developed consisting of combined dissolution/suspension of the dextran ester and hydrophobized MNPs in an organic solvent followed by homogenization with ultrasonication, casting of the solution, drying and melting of the composite for a defined shaping. 26134099 5 58 theme solution 908:915 arg1 casting 893:899 casting 893:899 casting of the solution 893:915 A method for the preparation of magnetically responsive bionanocomposites was developed consisting of combined dissolution/suspension of the dextran ester and hydrophobized MNPs in an organic solvent followed by homogenization with ultrasonication, casting of the solution, drying and melting of the composite for a defined shaping. 26134099 5 58 theme solution 908:915 arg1 ultrasonication 876:890 ultrasonication 876:890 ultrasonication 876:890 A method for the preparation of magnetically responsive bionanocomposites was developed consisting of combined dissolution/suspension of the dextran ester and hydrophobized MNPs in an organic solvent followed by homogenization with ultrasonication, casting of the solution, drying and melting of the composite for a defined shaping. 26134099 5 58 theme solution 908:915 arg1 melting 929:935 melting 929:935 melting 929:935 A method for the preparation of magnetically responsive bionanocomposites was developed consisting of combined dissolution/suspension of the dextran ester and hydrophobized MNPs in an organic solvent followed by homogenization with ultrasonication, casting of the solution, drying and melting of the composite for a defined shaping. 26134099 5 59 theme composite 944:952 arg1 drying 918:923 drying 918:923 drying 918:923 A method for the preparation of magnetically responsive bionanocomposites was developed consisting of combined dissolution/suspension of the dextran ester and hydrophobized MNPs in an organic solvent followed by homogenization with ultrasonication, casting of the solution, drying and melting of the composite for a defined shaping. 26134099 5 59 theme composite 944:952 arg1 casting 893:899 casting 893:899 casting of the solution 893:915 A method for the preparation of magnetically responsive bionanocomposites was developed consisting of combined dissolution/suspension of the dextran ester and hydrophobized MNPs in an organic solvent followed by homogenization with ultrasonication, casting of the solution, drying and melting of the composite for a defined shaping. 26134099 5 59 theme composite 944:952 arg1 ultrasonication 876:890 ultrasonication 876:890 ultrasonication 876:890 A method for the preparation of magnetically responsive bionanocomposites was developed consisting of combined dissolution/suspension of the dextran ester and hydrophobized MNPs in an organic solvent followed by homogenization with ultrasonication, casting of the solution, drying and melting of the composite for a defined shaping. 26134099 5 59 theme composite 944:952 arg1 melting 929:935 melting 929:935 melting 929:935 A method for the preparation of magnetically responsive bionanocomposites was developed consisting of combined dissolution/suspension of the dextran ester and hydrophobized MNPs in an organic solvent followed by homogenization with ultrasonication, casting of the solution, drying and melting of the composite for a defined shaping. 26134099 5 60 from solvent 836:842 arg1 dissolution/suspension 755:776 combined dissolution/suspension 746:776 combined dissolution/suspension of the dextran ester and hydrophobized MNPs in an organic solvent followed by homogenization with ultrasonication, casting of the solution, drying and melting of the composite for a defined shaping 746:974 A method for the preparation of magnetically responsive bionanocomposites was developed consisting of combined dissolution/suspension of the dextran ester and hydrophobized MNPs in an organic solvent followed by homogenization with ultrasonication, casting of the solution, drying and melting of the composite for a defined shaping. 26134099 4 61 theme mild 492:495 arg1 conditions 506:515 mild reaction conditions 492:515 mild reaction conditions leading to high quality products as confirmed by FTIR- and NMR spectroscopy as well as by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) 492:641 Esterification of the polysaccharide by activation of the acid as iminium chlorides guaranteed mild reaction conditions leading to high quality products as confirmed by FTIR- and NMR spectroscopy as well as by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). 26134099 2 62 theme biocompatible 231:243 arg1 esters 267:272 biocompatible thermoplastic dextran esters 231:272 biocompatible thermoplastic dextran esters 231:272 It is shown that magnetite nanoparticles (MNP) can be embedded into a matrix of biocompatible thermoplastic dextran esters. 26134099 6 63 theme MNPs 1025:1028 arg1 distribution 1009:1020 a uniform distribution 999:1020 a uniform distribution of MNPs in nanocomposite 999:1045 This process leads to a uniform distribution of MNPs in nanocomposite as revealed by scanning electron microscope. 26134099 5 64 theme organic 828:834 arg1 solvent 836:842 an organic solvent 825:842 an organic solvent followed by homogenization with ultrasonication, casting of the solution, drying and melting of the composite for a defined shaping 825:974 A method for the preparation of magnetically responsive bionanocomposites was developed consisting of combined dissolution/suspension of the dextran ester and hydrophobized MNPs in an organic solvent followed by homogenization with ultrasonication, casting of the solution, drying and melting of the composite for a defined shaping. 26134099 8 65 theme such 1232:1235 arg1 nanocomposites 1251:1264 such biocompatible nanocomposites 1232:1264 such biocompatible nanocomposites 1232:1264 It could be shown that defined remote melting of such biocompatible nanocomposites is possible for the first time. 26134099 6 66 theme uniform 1001:1007 arg1 distribution 1009:1020 a uniform distribution 999:1020 a uniform distribution of MNPs in nanocomposite 999:1045 This process leads to a uniform distribution of MNPs in nanocomposite as revealed by scanning electron microscope. 26134099 3 67 theme dextran 314:320 arg1 esters 304:309 fatty acid esters 293:309 fatty acid esters of dextran with adjustable melting points in the range of 30-140 °C 293:377 For that purpose, fatty acid esters of dextran with adjustable melting points in the range of 30-140 °C were synthesized. 26134099 5 68 from ester 793:797 arg1 solvent 836:842 an organic solvent 825:842 an organic solvent followed by homogenization with ultrasonication, casting of the solution, drying and melting of the composite for a defined shaping 825:974 A method for the preparation of magnetically responsive bionanocomposites was developed consisting of combined dissolution/suspension of the dextran ester and hydrophobized MNPs in an organic solvent followed by homogenization with ultrasonication, casting of the solution, drying and melting of the composite for a defined shaping. 26134099 1 69 theme new 45:47 arg1 approach 49:56 A new approach 43:56 A new approach toward the fabrication of biocompatible composites suitable for remote melting 43:135 A new approach toward the fabrication of biocompatible composites suitable for remote melting is presented. 26134099 9 70 theme controlled 1386:1395 arg1 applications 1405:1416 controlled release applications 1386:1416 controlled release applications 1386:1416 This may lead to a new class of magnetic remote control systems, which are suitable for controlled release applications or self-healing materials. 26134099 5 71 theme MNPs 817:820 arg1 dissolution/suspension 755:776 combined dissolution/suspension 746:776 combined dissolution/suspension of the dextran ester and hydrophobized MNPs in an organic solvent followed by homogenization with ultrasonication, casting of the solution, drying and melting of the composite for a defined shaping 746:974 A method for the preparation of magnetically responsive bionanocomposites was developed consisting of combined dissolution/suspension of the dextran ester and hydrophobized MNPs in an organic solvent followed by homogenization with ultrasonication, casting of the solution, drying and melting of the composite for a defined shaping. 27842847 4 0 theme enhanced 762:769 arg1 clotting 777:784 enhanced blood clotting 762:784 enhanced blood clotting 762:784 The results demonstrate that the prepared composite dressing shows high porosity and swelling as well as enhanced blood clotting and antibacterial activity. 27842847 5 1 dep test 832:835 arg1 evaluated 837:845 evaluated 837:845 test evaluated in vitro 832:854 Cytocompatibility test evaluated in vitro illustrates the very low toxic nature of the composite dressing. 27842847 1 2 theme promising 159:167 arg1 material 122:129 Nano Ag/ZnO hybrid material 103:129 Nano Ag/ZnO hybrid material 103:129 Nano Ag/ZnO hybrid material has been considered to be a promising nanocomposites for biomedical application because it has enhanced antibacterial activity and low cytotoxicity. 27842847 1 2 theme promising 159:167 arg1 nanocomposites 169:182 a promising nanocomposites 157:182 a promising nanocomposites for biomedical application 157:209 Nano Ag/ZnO hybrid material has been considered to be a promising nanocomposites for biomedical application because it has enhanced antibacterial activity and low cytotoxicity. 27842847 0 3 theme dressing 93:100 arg1 activities 41:50 antibacterial and wound healing activities 9:50 antibacterial and wound healing activities of microporous chitosan-Ag/ZnO composite dressing 9:100 Enhanced antibacterial and wound healing activities of microporous chitosan-Ag/ZnO composite dressing. 27842847 4 4 theme blood 771:775 arg1 clotting 777:784 enhanced blood clotting 762:784 enhanced blood clotting 762:784 The results demonstrate that the prepared composite dressing shows high porosity and swelling as well as enhanced blood clotting and antibacterial activity. 27842847 6 5 theme composite 998:1006 arg1 dressing 1008:1015 the chitosan-Ag/ZnO composite dressing 978:1015 the chitosan-Ag/ZnO composite dressing 978:1015 Furthermore, the in vivo evaluation in mice reveals that the chitosan-Ag/ZnO composite dressing enhances the wound healing and promotes re-epithelialization and collagen deposition. 27842847 2 6 theme composite 327:335 arg1 dressing 337:344 a sponge-like nano Ag/ZnO-loaded chitosan composite dressing 285:344 a sponge-like nano Ag/ZnO-loaded chitosan composite dressing 285:344 Here a sponge-like nano Ag/ZnO-loaded chitosan composite dressing was first synthesized via preparing a chitosan sponge by lyophilization process, followed by the incorporation of Ag/ZnO nanocomposites into chitosan sponge. 27842847 3 7 dep in 547:548 arg1 vitro 550:554 vitro 550:554 vitro 550:554 The porosity, swelling, blood clotting and in vitro antibacterial activity against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria were evaluated. 27842847 6 8 theme chitosan-Ag/ZnO 982:996 arg1 dressing 1008:1015 the chitosan-Ag/ZnO composite dressing 978:1015 the chitosan-Ag/ZnO composite dressing 978:1015 Furthermore, the in vivo evaluation in mice reveals that the chitosan-Ag/ZnO composite dressing enhances the wound healing and promotes re-epithelialization and collagen deposition. 27842847 3 9 theme drug-resistant 606:619 arg1 bacteria 632:639 drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria 587:639 drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria 587:639 The porosity, swelling, blood clotting and in vitro antibacterial activity against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria were evaluated. 27842847 2 10 theme chitosan 318:325 arg1 dressing 337:344 a sponge-like nano Ag/ZnO-loaded chitosan composite dressing 285:344 a sponge-like nano Ag/ZnO-loaded chitosan composite dressing 285:344 Here a sponge-like nano Ag/ZnO-loaded chitosan composite dressing was first synthesized via preparing a chitosan sponge by lyophilization process, followed by the incorporation of Ag/ZnO nanocomposites into chitosan sponge. 27842847 6 11 from evaluation 946:955 arg1 mice 960:963 mice 960:963 mice 960:963 Furthermore, the in vivo evaluation in mice reveals that the chitosan-Ag/ZnO composite dressing enhances the wound healing and promotes re-epithelialization and collagen deposition. 27842847 4 12 theme antibacterial 790:802 arg1 activity 804:811 antibacterial activity 790:811 antibacterial activity 790:811 The results demonstrate that the prepared composite dressing shows high porosity and swelling as well as enhanced blood clotting and antibacterial activity. 27842847 2 13 theme Ag/ZnO-loaded 304:316 arg1 dressing 337:344 a sponge-like nano Ag/ZnO-loaded chitosan composite dressing 285:344 a sponge-like nano Ag/ZnO-loaded chitosan composite dressing 285:344 Here a sponge-like nano Ag/ZnO-loaded chitosan composite dressing was first synthesized via preparing a chitosan sponge by lyophilization process, followed by the incorporation of Ag/ZnO nanocomposites into chitosan sponge. 27842847 5 14 theme low 877:879 arg1 nature 887:892 the very low toxic nature 868:892 the very low toxic nature of the composite dressing 868:918 Cytocompatibility test evaluated in vitro illustrates the very low toxic nature of the composite dressing. 27842847 2 15 theme nano 299:302 arg1 dressing 337:344 a sponge-like nano Ag/ZnO-loaded chitosan composite dressing 285:344 a sponge-like nano Ag/ZnO-loaded chitosan composite dressing 285:344 Here a sponge-like nano Ag/ZnO-loaded chitosan composite dressing was first synthesized via preparing a chitosan sponge by lyophilization process, followed by the incorporation of Ag/ZnO nanocomposites into chitosan sponge. 27842847 1 16 theme biomedical 188:197 arg1 application 199:209 biomedical application 188:209 biomedical application 188:209 Nano Ag/ZnO hybrid material has been considered to be a promising nanocomposites for biomedical application because it has enhanced antibacterial activity and low cytotoxicity. 27842847 0 17 theme antibacterial 9:21 arg1 activities 41:50 antibacterial and wound healing activities 9:50 antibacterial and wound healing activities of microporous chitosan-Ag/ZnO composite dressing 9:100 Enhanced antibacterial and wound healing activities of microporous chitosan-Ag/ZnO composite dressing. 27842847 7 18 theme care 1214:1217 arg1 application 1219:1229 wound care application 1208:1229 wound care application 1208:1229 These results strongly support the possibility of using this novel chitosan-AgZnO composite dressing for wound care application. 27842847 1 19 theme Nano 103:106 arg1 nanocomposites 169:182 a promising nanocomposites 157:182 a promising nanocomposites for biomedical application 157:209 Nano Ag/ZnO hybrid material has been considered to be a promising nanocomposites for biomedical application because it has enhanced antibacterial activity and low cytotoxicity. 27842847 1 19 theme Nano 103:106 arg1 material 122:129 Nano Ag/ZnO hybrid material 103:129 Nano Ag/ZnO hybrid material 103:129 Nano Ag/ZnO hybrid material has been considered to be a promising nanocomposites for biomedical application because it has enhanced antibacterial activity and low cytotoxicity. 27842847 5 20 theme composite 901:909 arg1 dressing 911:918 the composite dressing 897:918 the composite dressing 897:918 Cytocompatibility test evaluated in vitro illustrates the very low toxic nature of the composite dressing. 27842847 1 21 theme Ag/ZnO 108:113 arg1 nanocomposites 169:182 a promising nanocomposites 157:182 a promising nanocomposites for biomedical application 157:209 Nano Ag/ZnO hybrid material has been considered to be a promising nanocomposites for biomedical application because it has enhanced antibacterial activity and low cytotoxicity. 27842847 1 21 theme Ag/ZnO 108:113 arg1 material 122:129 Nano Ag/ZnO hybrid material 103:129 Nano Ag/ZnO hybrid material 103:129 Nano Ag/ZnO hybrid material has been considered to be a promising nanocomposites for biomedical application because it has enhanced antibacterial activity and low cytotoxicity. 27842847 0 22 theme wound 27:31 arg1 healing 33:39 wound healing 27:39 wound healing 27:39 Enhanced antibacterial and wound healing activities of microporous chitosan-Ag/ZnO composite dressing. 27842847 6 23 theme collagen 1082:1089 arg1 deposition 1091:1100 collagen deposition 1082:1100 collagen deposition 1082:1100 Furthermore, the in vivo evaluation in mice reveals that the chitosan-Ag/ZnO composite dressing enhances the wound healing and promotes re-epithelialization and collagen deposition. 27842847 1 24 theme hybrid 115:120 arg1 nanocomposites 169:182 a promising nanocomposites 157:182 a promising nanocomposites for biomedical application 157:209 Nano Ag/ZnO hybrid material has been considered to be a promising nanocomposites for biomedical application because it has enhanced antibacterial activity and low cytotoxicity. 27842847 1 24 theme hybrid 115:120 arg1 material 122:129 Nano Ag/ZnO hybrid material 103:129 Nano Ag/ZnO hybrid material 103:129 Nano Ag/ZnO hybrid material has been considered to be a promising nanocomposites for biomedical application because it has enhanced antibacterial activity and low cytotoxicity. 27842847 2 25 theme nanocomposites 467:480 arg1 incorporation 443:455 the incorporation 439:455 the incorporation of Ag/ZnO nanocomposites into chitosan sponge 439:501 Here a sponge-like nano Ag/ZnO-loaded chitosan composite dressing was first synthesized via preparing a chitosan sponge by lyophilization process, followed by the incorporation of Ag/ZnO nanocomposites into chitosan sponge. 27842847 6 26 dep in 938:939 arg1 vivo 941:944 vivo 941:944 vivo 941:944 Furthermore, the in vivo evaluation in mice reveals that the chitosan-Ag/ZnO composite dressing enhances the wound healing and promotes re-epithelialization and collagen deposition. 27842847 7 27 theme wound 1208:1212 arg1 application 1219:1229 wound care application 1208:1229 wound care application 1208:1229 These results strongly support the possibility of using this novel chitosan-AgZnO composite dressing for wound care application. 27842847 5 28 theme dressing 911:918 arg1 nature 887:892 the very low toxic nature 868:892 the very low toxic nature of the composite dressing 868:918 Cytocompatibility test evaluated in vitro illustrates the very low toxic nature of the composite dressing. 27842847 2 29 theme Ag/ZnO 460:465 arg1 nanocomposites 467:480 Ag/ZnO nanocomposites 460:480 Ag/ZnO nanocomposites 460:480 Here a sponge-like nano Ag/ZnO-loaded chitosan composite dressing was first synthesized via preparing a chitosan sponge by lyophilization process, followed by the incorporation of Ag/ZnO nanocomposites into chitosan sponge. 27842847 3 30 theme in 547:548 arg1 activity 570:577 in vitro antibacterial activity 547:577 in vitro antibacterial activity 547:577 The porosity, swelling, blood clotting and in vitro antibacterial activity against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria were evaluated. 27842847 7 31 theme composite 1185:1193 arg1 dressing 1195:1202 this novel chitosan-AgZnO composite dressing 1159:1202 this novel chitosan-AgZnO composite dressing for wound care application 1159:1229 These results strongly support the possibility of using this novel chitosan-AgZnO composite dressing for wound care application. 27842847 1 32 theme enhanced 226:233 arg1 activity 249:256 enhanced antibacterial activity 226:256 enhanced antibacterial activity 226:256 Nano Ag/ZnO hybrid material has been considered to be a promising nanocomposites for biomedical application because it has enhanced antibacterial activity and low cytotoxicity. 27842847 0 33 theme healing 33:39 arg1 activities 41:50 antibacterial and wound healing activities 9:50 antibacterial and wound healing activities of microporous chitosan-Ag/ZnO composite dressing 9:100 Enhanced antibacterial and wound healing activities of microporous chitosan-Ag/ZnO composite dressing. 27842847 5 34 theme toxic 881:885 arg1 nature 887:892 the very low toxic nature 868:892 the very low toxic nature of the composite dressing 868:918 Cytocompatibility test evaluated in vitro illustrates the very low toxic nature of the composite dressing. 27842847 2 35 theme chitosan 487:494 arg1 sponge 496:501 chitosan sponge 487:501 chitosan sponge 487:501 Here a sponge-like nano Ag/ZnO-loaded chitosan composite dressing was first synthesized via preparing a chitosan sponge by lyophilization process, followed by the incorporation of Ag/ZnO nanocomposites into chitosan sponge. 27842847 1 36 theme antibacterial 235:247 arg1 activity 249:256 enhanced antibacterial activity 226:256 enhanced antibacterial activity 226:256 Nano Ag/ZnO hybrid material has been considered to be a promising nanocomposites for biomedical application because it has enhanced antibacterial activity and low cytotoxicity. 27842847 0 37 theme microporous 55:65 arg1 dressing 93:100 microporous chitosan-Ag/ZnO composite dressing 55:100 microporous chitosan-Ag/ZnO composite dressing 55:100 Enhanced antibacterial and wound healing activities of microporous chitosan-Ag/ZnO composite dressing. 27842847 7 38 theme novel 1164:1168 arg1 dressing 1195:1202 this novel chitosan-AgZnO composite dressing 1159:1202 this novel chitosan-AgZnO composite dressing for wound care application 1159:1229 These results strongly support the possibility of using this novel chitosan-AgZnO composite dressing for wound care application. 27842847 2 39 theme chitosan 384:391 arg1 sponge 393:398 a chitosan sponge 382:398 a chitosan sponge 382:398 Here a sponge-like nano Ag/ZnO-loaded chitosan composite dressing was first synthesized via preparing a chitosan sponge by lyophilization process, followed by the incorporation of Ag/ZnO nanocomposites into chitosan sponge. 27842847 7 40 theme chitosan-AgZnO 1170:1183 arg1 dressing 1195:1202 this novel chitosan-AgZnO composite dressing 1159:1202 this novel chitosan-AgZnO composite dressing for wound care application 1159:1229 These results strongly support the possibility of using this novel chitosan-AgZnO composite dressing for wound care application. 27842847 6 41 theme in 938:939 arg1 evaluation 946:955 the in vivo evaluation 934:955 the in vivo evaluation in mice 934:963 Furthermore, the in vivo evaluation in mice reveals that the chitosan-Ag/ZnO composite dressing enhances the wound healing and promotes re-epithelialization and collagen deposition. 27842847 6 42 theme wound 1030:1034 arg1 healing 1036:1042 the wound healing 1026:1042 the wound healing 1026:1042 Furthermore, the in vivo evaluation in mice reveals that the chitosan-Ag/ZnO composite dressing enhances the wound healing and promotes re-epithelialization and collagen deposition. 27842847 5 43 dep Cytocompatibility 814:830 arg1 test 832:835 test 832:835 test evaluated in vitro 832:854 Cytocompatibility test evaluated in vitro illustrates the very low toxic nature of the composite dressing. 27842847 2 44 theme sponge-like 287:297 arg1 dressing 337:344 a sponge-like nano Ag/ZnO-loaded chitosan composite dressing 285:344 a sponge-like nano Ag/ZnO-loaded chitosan composite dressing 285:344 Here a sponge-like nano Ag/ZnO-loaded chitosan composite dressing was first synthesized via preparing a chitosan sponge by lyophilization process, followed by the incorporation of Ag/ZnO nanocomposites into chitosan sponge. 27842847 3 45 theme pathogenic 621:630 arg1 bacteria 632:639 drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria 587:639 drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria 587:639 The porosity, swelling, blood clotting and in vitro antibacterial activity against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria were evaluated. 27842847 3 46 theme drug-sensitive 587:600 arg1 bacteria 632:639 drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria 587:639 drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria 587:639 The porosity, swelling, blood clotting and in vitro antibacterial activity against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria were evaluated. 27842847 1 47 contain has 222:224 arg2 activity 249:256 enhanced antibacterial activity 226:256 enhanced antibacterial activity 226:256 Nano Ag/ZnO hybrid material has been considered to be a promising nanocomposites for biomedical application because it has enhanced antibacterial activity and low cytotoxicity. 27842847 1 47 contain has 222:224 arg2 cytotoxicity 266:277 low cytotoxicity 262:277 low cytotoxicity 262:277 Nano Ag/ZnO hybrid material has been considered to be a promising nanocomposites for biomedical application because it has enhanced antibacterial activity and low cytotoxicity. 27842847 1 47 contain has 222:224 arg1 it 219:220 it 219:220 it 219:220 Nano Ag/ZnO hybrid material has been considered to be a promising nanocomposites for biomedical application because it has enhanced antibacterial activity and low cytotoxicity. 27842847 3 48 dep porosity 508:515 arg1 The 504:506 The 504:506 The 504:506 The porosity, swelling, blood clotting and in vitro antibacterial activity against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria were evaluated. 27842847 3 49 theme blood 528:532 arg1 clotting 534:541 blood clotting 528:541 blood clotting 528:541 The porosity, swelling, blood clotting and in vitro antibacterial activity against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria were evaluated. 27842847 0 50 theme composite 83:91 arg1 dressing 93:100 microporous chitosan-Ag/ZnO composite dressing 55:100 microporous chitosan-Ag/ZnO composite dressing 55:100 Enhanced antibacterial and wound healing activities of microporous chitosan-Ag/ZnO composite dressing. 27842847 4 51 theme high 724:727 arg1 porosity 729:736 high porosity 724:736 high porosity 724:736 The results demonstrate that the prepared composite dressing shows high porosity and swelling as well as enhanced blood clotting and antibacterial activity. 27842847 4 52 theme composite 699:707 arg1 dressing 709:716 the prepared composite dressing 686:716 the prepared composite dressing 686:716 The results demonstrate that the prepared composite dressing shows high porosity and swelling as well as enhanced blood clotting and antibacterial activity. 27842847 3 53 theme antibacterial 556:568 arg1 activity 570:577 in vitro antibacterial activity 547:577 in vitro antibacterial activity 547:577 The porosity, swelling, blood clotting and in vitro antibacterial activity against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria were evaluated. 27842847 1 54 theme low 262:264 arg1 cytotoxicity 266:277 low cytotoxicity 262:277 low cytotoxicity 262:277 Nano Ag/ZnO hybrid material has been considered to be a promising nanocomposites for biomedical application because it has enhanced antibacterial activity and low cytotoxicity. 27842847 0 55 theme chitosan-Ag/ZnO 67:81 arg1 dressing 93:100 microporous chitosan-Ag/ZnO composite dressing 55:100 microporous chitosan-Ag/ZnO composite dressing 55:100 Enhanced antibacterial and wound healing activities of microporous chitosan-Ag/ZnO composite dressing. 27842847 2 56 theme lyophilization 403:416 arg1 process 418:424 lyophilization process 403:424 lyophilization process 403:424 Here a sponge-like nano Ag/ZnO-loaded chitosan composite dressing was first synthesized via preparing a chitosan sponge by lyophilization process, followed by the incorporation of Ag/ZnO nanocomposites into chitosan sponge. 27842847 4 57 theme prepared 690:697 arg1 dressing 709:716 the prepared composite dressing 686:716 the prepared composite dressing 686:716 The results demonstrate that the prepared composite dressing shows high porosity and swelling as well as enhanced blood clotting and antibacterial activity. 28521991 0 0 theme cellulose 72:80 arg1 acetate 82:88 cellulose acetate 72:88 cellulose acetate determined from carbonyl carbon resonances 72:131 NMR characterization of cellulose acetate: Mole fraction of monomers in cellulose acetate determined from carbonyl carbon resonances. 28521991 1 1 theme triacetate 335:344 arg1 acid-hydrolysis 306:320 the acid-hydrolysis 302:320 the acid-hydrolysis of cellulose triacetate in acetic acid 302:359 Cellulose acetate (CA) samples with varying degrees of substitution were prepared via homogeneous acetylation in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) and by the acid-hydrolysis of cellulose triacetate in acetic acid. 28521991 1 2 from acid-hydrolysis 306:320 arg1 acid 356:359 acetic acid 349:359 acetic acid 349:359 Cellulose acetate (CA) samples with varying degrees of substitution were prepared via homogeneous acetylation in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) and by the acid-hydrolysis of cellulose triacetate in acetic acid. 28521991 2 3 from AGU 651:653 arg1 chains 665:670 the CA chains 658:670 the CA chains 658:670 Quantitative analysis of the 13C NMR spectra facilitated the assignment of the carbonyl carbon shifts of the 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted anhydroglucose units (AGUs), and the determination of the mole fraction of 7 AGUs and unsubstituted AGU in the CA chains. 28521991 1 4 theme 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium 247:273 arg1 chloride 275:282 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride 247:282 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) 247:293 Cellulose acetate (CA) samples with varying degrees of substitution were prepared via homogeneous acetylation in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) and by the acid-hydrolysis of cellulose triacetate in acetic acid. 28521991 2 5 from AGUs 628:631 arg1 chains 665:670 the CA chains 658:670 the CA chains 658:670 Quantitative analysis of the 13C NMR spectra facilitated the assignment of the carbonyl carbon shifts of the 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted anhydroglucose units (AGUs), and the determination of the mole fraction of 7 AGUs and unsubstituted AGU in the CA chains. 28521991 4 6 theme fractions 797:805 arg1 comparison 774:783 comparison 774:783 comparison of the mole fractions of the 8 AGUs 774:819 In addition, comparison of the mole fractions of the 8 AGUs suggested that the acetone solubility of CA strongly related to the AGU composition. 28521991 2 7 theme 3-mono- 480:486 arg1 shifts 457:462 the carbonyl carbon shifts 437:462 the carbonyl carbon shifts of the 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted anhydroglucose units (AGUs), and the determination of the mole fraction of 7 AGUs and unsubstituted AGU in the CA chains 437:670 Quantitative analysis of the 13C NMR spectra facilitated the assignment of the carbonyl carbon shifts of the 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted anhydroglucose units (AGUs), and the determination of the mole fraction of 7 AGUs and unsubstituted AGU in the CA chains. 28521991 3 8 from mechanism 701:709 arg1 systems 752:758 homogeneous reaction systems 731:758 homogeneous reaction systems 731:758 This shed some light on the mechanism of CA production in homogeneous reaction systems. 28521991 1 9 theme acetic 349:354 arg1 acid 356:359 acetic acid 349:359 acetic acid 349:359 Cellulose acetate (CA) samples with varying degrees of substitution were prepared via homogeneous acetylation in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) and by the acid-hydrolysis of cellulose triacetate in acetic acid. 28521991 3 10 from production 717:726 arg1 systems 752:758 homogeneous reaction systems 731:758 homogeneous reaction systems 731:758 This shed some light on the mechanism of CA production in homogeneous reaction systems. 28521991 4 11 theme acetone 840:846 arg1 solubility 848:857 the acetone solubility 836:857 the acetone solubility of CA 836:863 In addition, comparison of the mole fractions of the 8 AGUs suggested that the acetone solubility of CA strongly related to the AGU composition. 28521991 0 12 from fraction 48:55 arg1 acetate 82:88 cellulose acetate 72:88 cellulose acetate determined from carbonyl carbon resonances 72:131 NMR characterization of cellulose acetate: Mole fraction of monomers in cellulose acetate determined from carbonyl carbon resonances. 28521991 2 13 theme fraction 614:621 arg1 2,3-di- 498:504 2,3-di- 498:504 2,3-di- 498:504 Quantitative analysis of the 13C NMR spectra facilitated the assignment of the carbonyl carbon shifts of the 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted anhydroglucose units (AGUs), and the determination of the mole fraction of 7 AGUs and unsubstituted AGU in the CA chains. 28521991 2 13 theme fraction 614:621 arg1 2,6-di- 507:513 2,6-di- 507:513 2,6-di- 507:513 Quantitative analysis of the 13C NMR spectra facilitated the assignment of the carbonyl carbon shifts of the 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted anhydroglucose units (AGUs), and the determination of the mole fraction of 7 AGUs and unsubstituted AGU in the CA chains. 28521991 2 13 theme fraction 614:621 arg1 units 566:570 2,3,6-tri-substituted anhydroglucose units 529:570 2,3,6-tri-substituted anhydroglucose units 529:570 Quantitative analysis of the 13C NMR spectra facilitated the assignment of the carbonyl carbon shifts of the 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted anhydroglucose units (AGUs), and the determination of the mole fraction of 7 AGUs and unsubstituted AGU in the CA chains. 28521991 2 13 theme fraction 614:621 arg1 3-mono- 480:486 3-mono- 480:486 3-mono- 480:486 Quantitative analysis of the 13C NMR spectra facilitated the assignment of the carbonyl carbon shifts of the 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted anhydroglucose units (AGUs), and the determination of the mole fraction of 7 AGUs and unsubstituted AGU in the CA chains. 28521991 2 13 theme fraction 614:621 arg1 determination 588:600 the determination 584:600 the determination of the mole fraction of 7 AGUs and unsubstituted AGU in the CA chains 584:670 Quantitative analysis of the 13C NMR spectra facilitated the assignment of the carbonyl carbon shifts of the 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted anhydroglucose units (AGUs), and the determination of the mole fraction of 7 AGUs and unsubstituted AGU in the CA chains. 28521991 2 13 theme fraction 614:621 arg1 6-mono- 489:495 6-mono- 489:495 6-mono- 489:495 Quantitative analysis of the 13C NMR spectra facilitated the assignment of the carbonyl carbon shifts of the 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted anhydroglucose units (AGUs), and the determination of the mole fraction of 7 AGUs and unsubstituted AGU in the CA chains. 28521991 2 13 theme fraction 614:621 arg1 3,6-di- 516:522 3,6-di- 516:522 3,6-di- 516:522 Quantitative analysis of the 13C NMR spectra facilitated the assignment of the carbonyl carbon shifts of the 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted anhydroglucose units (AGUs), and the determination of the mole fraction of 7 AGUs and unsubstituted AGU in the CA chains. 28521991 2 13 theme fraction 614:621 arg1 AGUs 573:576 AGUs 573:576 AGUs 573:576 Quantitative analysis of the 13C NMR spectra facilitated the assignment of the carbonyl carbon shifts of the 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted anhydroglucose units (AGUs), and the determination of the mole fraction of 7 AGUs and unsubstituted AGU in the CA chains. 28521991 2 13 theme fraction 614:621 arg1 2-mono- 471:477 the 2-mono- 467:477 the 2-mono- 467:477 Quantitative analysis of the 13C NMR spectra facilitated the assignment of the carbonyl carbon shifts of the 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted anhydroglucose units (AGUs), and the determination of the mole fraction of 7 AGUs and unsubstituted AGU in the CA chains. 28521991 0 14 theme carbonyl 106:113 arg1 resonances 122:131 carbonyl carbon resonances 106:131 carbonyl carbon resonances 106:131 NMR characterization of cellulose acetate: Mole fraction of monomers in cellulose acetate determined from carbonyl carbon resonances. 28521991 2 15 theme mole 609:612 arg1 fraction 614:621 the mole fraction 605:621 the mole fraction of 7 AGUs and unsubstituted AGU in the CA chains 605:670 Quantitative analysis of the 13C NMR spectra facilitated the assignment of the carbonyl carbon shifts of the 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted anhydroglucose units (AGUs), and the determination of the mole fraction of 7 AGUs and unsubstituted AGU in the CA chains. 28521991 2 16 theme anhydroglucose 551:564 arg1 units 566:570 2,3,6-tri-substituted anhydroglucose units 529:570 2,3,6-tri-substituted anhydroglucose units 529:570 Quantitative analysis of the 13C NMR spectra facilitated the assignment of the carbonyl carbon shifts of the 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted anhydroglucose units (AGUs), and the determination of the mole fraction of 7 AGUs and unsubstituted AGU in the CA chains. 28521991 2 17 theme NMR 395:397 arg1 spectra 399:405 the 13C NMR spectra 387:405 the 13C NMR spectra 387:405 Quantitative analysis of the 13C NMR spectra facilitated the assignment of the carbonyl carbon shifts of the 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted anhydroglucose units (AGUs), and the determination of the mole fraction of 7 AGUs and unsubstituted AGU in the CA chains. 28521991 2 18 theme shifts 457:462 arg1 assignment 423:432 the assignment 419:432 the assignment of the carbonyl carbon shifts of the 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted anhydroglucose units (AGUs), and the determination of the mole fraction of 7 AGUs and unsubstituted AGU in the CA chains 419:670 Quantitative analysis of the 13C NMR spectra facilitated the assignment of the carbonyl carbon shifts of the 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted anhydroglucose units (AGUs), and the determination of the mole fraction of 7 AGUs and unsubstituted AGU in the CA chains. 28521991 2 19 theme AGU 651:653 arg1 fraction 614:621 the mole fraction 605:621 the mole fraction of 7 AGUs and unsubstituted AGU in the CA chains 605:670 Quantitative analysis of the 13C NMR spectra facilitated the assignment of the carbonyl carbon shifts of the 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted anhydroglucose units (AGUs), and the determination of the mole fraction of 7 AGUs and unsubstituted AGU in the CA chains. 28521991 2 20 theme carbonyl 441:448 arg1 shifts 457:462 the carbonyl carbon shifts 437:462 the carbonyl carbon shifts of the 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted anhydroglucose units (AGUs), and the determination of the mole fraction of 7 AGUs and unsubstituted AGU in the CA chains 437:670 Quantitative analysis of the 13C NMR spectra facilitated the assignment of the carbonyl carbon shifts of the 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted anhydroglucose units (AGUs), and the determination of the mole fraction of 7 AGUs and unsubstituted AGU in the CA chains. 28521991 2 21 theme 13C 391:393 arg1 spectra 399:405 the 13C NMR spectra 387:405 the 13C NMR spectra 387:405 Quantitative analysis of the 13C NMR spectra facilitated the assignment of the carbonyl carbon shifts of the 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted anhydroglucose units (AGUs), and the determination of the mole fraction of 7 AGUs and unsubstituted AGU in the CA chains. 28521991 2 22 theme carbon 450:455 arg1 shifts 457:462 the carbonyl carbon shifts 437:462 the carbonyl carbon shifts of the 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted anhydroglucose units (AGUs), and the determination of the mole fraction of 7 AGUs and unsubstituted AGU in the CA chains 437:670 Quantitative analysis of the 13C NMR spectra facilitated the assignment of the carbonyl carbon shifts of the 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted anhydroglucose units (AGUs), and the determination of the mole fraction of 7 AGUs and unsubstituted AGU in the CA chains. 28521991 2 23 theme determination 588:600 arg1 shifts 457:462 the carbonyl carbon shifts 437:462 the carbonyl carbon shifts of the 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted anhydroglucose units (AGUs), and the determination of the mole fraction of 7 AGUs and unsubstituted AGU in the CA chains 437:670 Quantitative analysis of the 13C NMR spectra facilitated the assignment of the carbonyl carbon shifts of the 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted anhydroglucose units (AGUs), and the determination of the mole fraction of 7 AGUs and unsubstituted AGU in the CA chains. 28521991 2 24 theme unsubstituted 637:649 arg1 AGU 651:653 unsubstituted AGU 637:653 unsubstituted AGU 637:653 Quantitative analysis of the 13C NMR spectra facilitated the assignment of the carbonyl carbon shifts of the 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted anhydroglucose units (AGUs), and the determination of the mole fraction of 7 AGUs and unsubstituted AGU in the CA chains. 28521991 1 25 theme varying 170:176 arg1 degrees 178:184 varying degrees 170:184 varying degrees of substitution 170:200 Cellulose acetate (CA) samples with varying degrees of substitution were prepared via homogeneous acetylation in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) and by the acid-hydrolysis of cellulose triacetate in acetic acid. 28521991 0 26 theme NMR 0:2 arg1 characterization 4:19 NMR characterization 0:19 NMR characterization of cellulose acetate: Mole fraction of monomers in cellulose acetate determined from carbonyl carbon resonances. 0:132 NMR characterization of cellulose acetate: Mole fraction of monomers in cellulose acetate determined from carbonyl carbon resonances. 28521991 1 27 dep chloride 275:282 arg1 [BMIM 285:289 [BMIM 285:289 [BMIM 285:289 Cellulose acetate (CA) samples with varying degrees of substitution were prepared via homogeneous acetylation in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) and by the acid-hydrolysis of cellulose triacetate in acetic acid. 28521991 0 28 theme cellulose 24:32 arg1 acetate 34:40 cellulose acetate 24:40 cellulose acetate 24:40 NMR characterization of cellulose acetate: Mole fraction of monomers in cellulose acetate determined from carbonyl carbon resonances. 28521991 2 29 theme AGUs 628:631 arg1 fraction 614:621 the mole fraction 605:621 the mole fraction of 7 AGUs and unsubstituted AGU in the CA chains 605:670 Quantitative analysis of the 13C NMR spectra facilitated the assignment of the carbonyl carbon shifts of the 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted anhydroglucose units (AGUs), and the determination of the mole fraction of 7 AGUs and unsubstituted AGU in the CA chains. 28521991 3 30 from systems 752:758 arg1 mechanism 701:709 the mechanism 697:709 the mechanism of CA production in homogeneous reaction systems 697:758 This shed some light on the mechanism of CA production in homogeneous reaction systems. 28521991 0 31 theme carbon 115:120 arg1 resonances 122:131 carbonyl carbon resonances 106:131 carbonyl carbon resonances 106:131 NMR characterization of cellulose acetate: Mole fraction of monomers in cellulose acetate determined from carbonyl carbon resonances. 28521991 1 32 theme substitution 189:200 arg1 degrees 178:184 varying degrees 170:184 varying degrees of substitution 170:200 Cellulose acetate (CA) samples with varying degrees of substitution were prepared via homogeneous acetylation in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) and by the acid-hydrolysis of cellulose triacetate in acetic acid. 28521991 2 33 theme 2-mono- 471:477 arg1 shifts 457:462 the carbonyl carbon shifts 437:462 the carbonyl carbon shifts of the 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted anhydroglucose units (AGUs), and the determination of the mole fraction of 7 AGUs and unsubstituted AGU in the CA chains 437:670 Quantitative analysis of the 13C NMR spectra facilitated the assignment of the carbonyl carbon shifts of the 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted anhydroglucose units (AGUs), and the determination of the mole fraction of 7 AGUs and unsubstituted AGU in the CA chains. 28521991 0 34 theme acetate 34:40 arg1 characterization 4:19 NMR characterization 0:19 NMR characterization of cellulose acetate: Mole fraction of monomers in cellulose acetate determined from carbonyl carbon resonances. 0:132 NMR characterization of cellulose acetate: Mole fraction of monomers in cellulose acetate determined from carbonyl carbon resonances. 28521991 3 35 theme production 717:726 arg1 mechanism 701:709 the mechanism 697:709 the mechanism of CA production in homogeneous reaction systems 697:758 This shed some light on the mechanism of CA production in homogeneous reaction systems. 28521991 4 36 theme CA 862:863 arg1 solubility 848:857 the acetone solubility 836:857 the acetone solubility of CA 836:863 In addition, comparison of the mole fractions of the 8 AGUs suggested that the acetone solubility of CA strongly related to the AGU composition. 28521991 0 37 from monomers 60:67 arg1 acetate 82:88 cellulose acetate 72:88 cellulose acetate determined from carbonyl carbon resonances 72:131 NMR characterization of cellulose acetate: Mole fraction of monomers in cellulose acetate determined from carbonyl carbon resonances. 28521991 2 38 theme spectra 399:405 arg1 analysis 375:382 Quantitative analysis 362:382 Quantitative analysis of the 13C NMR spectra 362:405 Quantitative analysis of the 13C NMR spectra facilitated the assignment of the carbonyl carbon shifts of the 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted anhydroglucose units (AGUs), and the determination of the mole fraction of 7 AGUs and unsubstituted AGU in the CA chains. 28521991 1 39 from acetylation 232:242 arg1 chloride 275:282 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride 247:282 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) 247:293 Cellulose acetate (CA) samples with varying degrees of substitution were prepared via homogeneous acetylation in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) and by the acid-hydrolysis of cellulose triacetate in acetic acid. 28521991 2 40 theme CA 662:663 arg1 chains 665:670 the CA chains 658:670 the CA chains 658:670 Quantitative analysis of the 13C NMR spectra facilitated the assignment of the carbonyl carbon shifts of the 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted anhydroglucose units (AGUs), and the determination of the mole fraction of 7 AGUs and unsubstituted AGU in the CA chains. 28521991 2 41 from fraction 614:621 arg1 chains 665:670 the CA chains 658:670 the CA chains 658:670 Quantitative analysis of the 13C NMR spectra facilitated the assignment of the carbonyl carbon shifts of the 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted anhydroglucose units (AGUs), and the determination of the mole fraction of 7 AGUs and unsubstituted AGU in the CA chains. 28521991 0 42 theme Mole 43:46 arg1 fraction 48:55 Mole fraction 43:55 NMR characterization of cellulose acetate: Mole fraction of monomers in cellulose acetate determined from carbonyl carbon resonances. 0:132 NMR characterization of cellulose acetate: Mole fraction of monomers in cellulose acetate determined from carbonyl carbon resonances. 28521991 4 43 theme AGUs 816:819 arg1 fractions 797:805 the mole fractions 788:805 the mole fractions of the 8 AGUs 788:819 In addition, comparison of the mole fractions of the 8 AGUs suggested that the acetone solubility of CA strongly related to the AGU composition. 28521991 4 44 theme AGU 889:891 arg1 composition 893:903 the AGU composition 885:903 the AGU composition 885:903 In addition, comparison of the mole fractions of the 8 AGUs suggested that the acetone solubility of CA strongly related to the AGU composition. 28521991 3 45 theme CA 714:715 arg1 production 717:726 CA production 714:726 CA production in homogeneous reaction systems 714:758 This shed some light on the mechanism of CA production in homogeneous reaction systems. 28521991 1 46 with samples 157:163 arg1 degrees 178:184 varying degrees 170:184 varying degrees of substitution 170:200 Cellulose acetate (CA) samples with varying degrees of substitution were prepared via homogeneous acetylation in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) and by the acid-hydrolysis of cellulose triacetate in acetic acid. 28521991 1 47 dep [BMIM 285:289 arg1 Cl 291:292 Cl 291:292 Cl 291:292 Cellulose acetate (CA) samples with varying degrees of substitution were prepared via homogeneous acetylation in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) and by the acid-hydrolysis of cellulose triacetate in acetic acid. 28521991 2 48 from chains 665:670 arg1 fraction 614:621 the mole fraction 605:621 the mole fraction of 7 AGUs and unsubstituted AGU in the CA chains 605:670 Quantitative analysis of the 13C NMR spectra facilitated the assignment of the carbonyl carbon shifts of the 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted anhydroglucose units (AGUs), and the determination of the mole fraction of 7 AGUs and unsubstituted AGU in the CA chains. 28521991 2 49 theme 2,3,6-tri-substituted 529:549 arg1 units 566:570 2,3,6-tri-substituted anhydroglucose units 529:570 2,3,6-tri-substituted anhydroglucose units 529:570 Quantitative analysis of the 13C NMR spectra facilitated the assignment of the carbonyl carbon shifts of the 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted anhydroglucose units (AGUs), and the determination of the mole fraction of 7 AGUs and unsubstituted AGU in the CA chains. 28521991 1 50 theme Cellulose 134:142 arg1 CA 153:154 CA 153:154 CA 153:154 Cellulose acetate (CA) samples with varying degrees of substitution were prepared via homogeneous acetylation in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) and by the acid-hydrolysis of cellulose triacetate in acetic acid. 28521991 1 50 theme Cellulose 134:142 arg1 acetate 144:150 Cellulose acetate 134:150 Cellulose acetate (CA) samples with varying degrees of substitution 134:200 Cellulose acetate (CA) samples with varying degrees of substitution were prepared via homogeneous acetylation in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) and by the acid-hydrolysis of cellulose triacetate in acetic acid. 28521991 1 51 theme homogeneous 220:230 arg1 acetylation 232:242 homogeneous acetylation 220:242 homogeneous acetylation in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) 220:293 Cellulose acetate (CA) samples with varying degrees of substitution were prepared via homogeneous acetylation in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) and by the acid-hydrolysis of cellulose triacetate in acetic acid. 28521991 0 52 theme monomers 60:67 arg1 fraction 48:55 Mole fraction 43:55 NMR characterization of cellulose acetate: Mole fraction of monomers in cellulose acetate determined from carbonyl carbon resonances. 0:132 NMR characterization of cellulose acetate: Mole fraction of monomers in cellulose acetate determined from carbonyl carbon resonances. 28521991 0 53 from acetate 82:88 arg1 fraction 48:55 Mole fraction 43:55 NMR characterization of cellulose acetate: Mole fraction of monomers in cellulose acetate determined from carbonyl carbon resonances. 0:132 NMR characterization of cellulose acetate: Mole fraction of monomers in cellulose acetate determined from carbonyl carbon resonances. 28521991 0 54 dep characterization 4:19 arg1 fraction 48:55 Mole fraction 43:55 NMR characterization of cellulose acetate: Mole fraction of monomers in cellulose acetate determined from carbonyl carbon resonances. 0:132 NMR characterization of cellulose acetate: Mole fraction of monomers in cellulose acetate determined from carbonyl carbon resonances. 28521991 1 55 theme acetate 144:150 arg1 samples 157:163 Cellulose acetate (CA) samples 134:163 Cellulose acetate (CA) samples with varying degrees of substitution 134:200 Cellulose acetate (CA) samples with varying degrees of substitution were prepared via homogeneous acetylation in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) and by the acid-hydrolysis of cellulose triacetate in acetic acid. 28521991 3 56 theme homogeneous 731:741 arg1 systems 752:758 homogeneous reaction systems 731:758 homogeneous reaction systems 731:758 This shed some light on the mechanism of CA production in homogeneous reaction systems. 28521991 1 57 theme cellulose 325:333 arg1 triacetate 335:344 cellulose triacetate 325:344 cellulose triacetate 325:344 Cellulose acetate (CA) samples with varying degrees of substitution were prepared via homogeneous acetylation in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) and by the acid-hydrolysis of cellulose triacetate in acetic acid. 28521991 4 58 theme mole 792:795 arg1 fractions 797:805 the mole fractions 788:805 the mole fractions of the 8 AGUs 788:819 In addition, comparison of the mole fractions of the 8 AGUs suggested that the acetone solubility of CA strongly related to the AGU composition. 28521991 2 59 theme Quantitative 362:373 arg1 analysis 375:382 Quantitative analysis 362:382 Quantitative analysis of the 13C NMR spectra 362:405 Quantitative analysis of the 13C NMR spectra facilitated the assignment of the carbonyl carbon shifts of the 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted anhydroglucose units (AGUs), and the determination of the mole fraction of 7 AGUs and unsubstituted AGU in the CA chains. 28521991 3 60 theme reaction 743:750 arg1 systems 752:758 homogeneous reaction systems 731:758 homogeneous reaction systems 731:758 This shed some light on the mechanism of CA production in homogeneous reaction systems. 27178904 8 0 theme functional 970:979 arg1 properties 981:990 functional properties 970:990 functional properties of S-PCL blend films 970:1011 Moreover, grafted PCL-based compatibilizers greatly improved functional properties of S-PCL blend films, as pointed out from mechanical performance and higher barrier properties, valuable to meet the food packaging requirements. 27178904 8 1 theme barrier 1068:1074 arg1 properties 1076:1085 higher barrier properties 1061:1085 higher barrier properties 1061:1085 Moreover, grafted PCL-based compatibilizers greatly improved functional properties of S-PCL blend films, as pointed out from mechanical performance and higher barrier properties, valuable to meet the food packaging requirements. 27178904 6 2 theme structural 661:670 arg1 properties 705:714 their structural, thermal, mechanical and barrier properties 655:714 their structural, thermal, mechanical and barrier properties 655:714 %), as a compatibilizer, were obtained by extrusion and compression moulding, and their structural, thermal, mechanical and barrier properties were investigated. 27178904 2 3 theme maleic 287:292 arg1 anyhdride 294:302 maleic anyhdride 287:302 maleic anyhdride (MA) 287:307 PCL was functionalized by grafting with maleic anyhdride (MA) and/or glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) by reactive blending in a batch mixer. 27178904 2 3 theme maleic 287:292 arg1 MA 305:306 MA 305:306 MA 305:306 PCL was functionalized by grafting with maleic anyhdride (MA) and/or glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) by reactive blending in a batch mixer. 27178904 6 4 theme barrier 697:703 arg1 properties 705:714 their structural, thermal, mechanical and barrier properties 655:714 their structural, thermal, mechanical and barrier properties 655:714 %), as a compatibilizer, were obtained by extrusion and compression moulding, and their structural, thermal, mechanical and barrier properties were investigated. 27178904 7 5 contain containing 742:751 arg1 Blends 735:740 Blends 735:740 Blends containing gPCL 735:756 Blends containing gPCL evidenced better interfacial adhesion between starch and PCL domains, as deduced from both structural (XRD, FTIR, SEM) and bulk properties (DSC, TGA). 27178904 7 5 contain containing 742:751 arg2 gPCL 753:756 gPCL 753:756 gPCL 753:756 Blends containing gPCL evidenced better interfacial adhesion between starch and PCL domains, as deduced from both structural (XRD, FTIR, SEM) and bulk properties (DSC, TGA). 27178904 8 6 theme mechanical 1034:1043 arg1 performance 1045:1055 mechanical performance 1034:1055 mechanical performance 1034:1055 Moreover, grafted PCL-based compatibilizers greatly improved functional properties of S-PCL blend films, as pointed out from mechanical performance and higher barrier properties, valuable to meet the food packaging requirements. 27178904 7 7 theme PCL 815:817 arg1 domains 819:825 starch and PCL domains 804:825 starch and PCL domains 804:825 Blends containing gPCL evidenced better interfacial adhesion between starch and PCL domains, as deduced from both structural (XRD, FTIR, SEM) and bulk properties (DSC, TGA). 27178904 3 8 theme structural 453:462 arg1 properties 476:485 structural and thermal properties 453:485 structural and thermal properties 453:485 gPCL based materials were analysed in terms of their grafting degree, structural and thermal properties. 27178904 3 8 theme structural 453:462 arg1 degree 445:450 their grafting degree 430:450 their grafting degree 430:450 gPCL based materials were analysed in terms of their grafting degree, structural and thermal properties. 27178904 8 9 theme blend 1001:1005 arg1 films 1007:1011 S-PCL blend films 995:1011 S-PCL blend films 995:1011 Moreover, grafted PCL-based compatibilizers greatly improved functional properties of S-PCL blend films, as pointed out from mechanical performance and higher barrier properties, valuable to meet the food packaging requirements. 27178904 3 10 theme grafting 436:443 arg1 properties 476:485 structural and thermal properties 453:485 structural and thermal properties 453:485 gPCL based materials were analysed in terms of their grafting degree, structural and thermal properties. 27178904 3 10 theme grafting 436:443 arg1 degree 445:450 their grafting degree 430:450 their grafting degree 430:450 gPCL based materials were analysed in terms of their grafting degree, structural and thermal properties. 27178904 6 11 dep extrusion 615:623 arg1 moulding 641:648 moulding 641:648 moulding 641:648 %), as a compatibilizer, were obtained by extrusion and compression moulding, and their structural, thermal, mechanical and barrier properties were investigated. 27178904 8 12 theme higher 1061:1066 arg1 properties 1076:1085 higher barrier properties 1061:1085 higher barrier properties 1061:1085 Moreover, grafted PCL-based compatibilizers greatly improved functional properties of S-PCL blend films, as pointed out from mechanical performance and higher barrier properties, valuable to meet the food packaging requirements. 27178904 8 13 theme S-PCL 995:999 arg1 films 1007:1011 S-PCL blend films 995:1011 S-PCL blend films 995:1011 Moreover, grafted PCL-based compatibilizers greatly improved functional properties of S-PCL blend films, as pointed out from mechanical performance and higher barrier properties, valuable to meet the food packaging requirements. 27178904 7 14 theme starch 804:809 arg1 domains 819:825 starch and PCL domains 804:825 starch and PCL domains 804:825 Blends containing gPCL evidenced better interfacial adhesion between starch and PCL domains, as deduced from both structural (XRD, FTIR, SEM) and bulk properties (DSC, TGA). 27178904 3 15 theme degree 445:450 arg1 terms 421:425 terms 421:425 terms of their grafting degree, structural and thermal properties 421:485 gPCL based materials were analysed in terms of their grafting degree, structural and thermal properties. 27178904 2 16 theme glycidyl 316:323 arg1 GMA 339:341 GMA 339:341 GMA 339:341 PCL was functionalized by grafting with maleic anyhdride (MA) and/or glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) by reactive blending in a batch mixer. 27178904 2 16 theme glycidyl 316:323 arg1 methacrylate 325:336 glycidyl methacrylate 316:336 glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) 316:342 PCL was functionalized by grafting with maleic anyhdride (MA) and/or glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) by reactive blending in a batch mixer. 27178904 8 17 theme films 1007:1011 arg1 properties 981:990 functional properties 970:990 functional properties of S-PCL blend films 970:1011 Moreover, grafted PCL-based compatibilizers greatly improved functional properties of S-PCL blend films, as pointed out from mechanical performance and higher barrier properties, valuable to meet the food packaging requirements. 27178904 1 18 theme polymer 146:152 arg1 miscibility 154:164 polymer miscibility 146:164 polymer miscibility in films based on thermoplastic starch (S) and poly(ε-caprolactone) 146:232 The use of a modified poly(ε-caprolactone) (gPCL) to enhance polymer miscibility in films based on thermoplastic starch (S) and poly(ε-caprolactone) is reported. 27178904 0 19 theme adhesion 27:34 arg1 Enhancement 0:10 Enhancement 0:10 Enhancement of interfacial adhesion between starch and grafted poly(ε-caprolactone). 0:83 Enhancement of interfacial adhesion between starch and grafted poly(ε-caprolactone). 27178904 5 20 dep including 542:550 arg1 80:20 530:534 80:20 530:534 80:20 530:534 ratio 80:20) with including gPCL (0, 2.5 and 5wt. 27178904 5 20 dep including 542:550 arg1 ratio 524:528 ratio 524:528 ratio 524:528 ratio 80:20) with including gPCL (0, 2.5 and 5wt. 27178904 5 20 dep including 542:550 arg1 with 537:540 with 537:540 with 537:540 ratio 80:20) with including gPCL (0, 2.5 and 5wt. 27178904 3 21 theme thermal 468:474 arg1 properties 476:485 structural and thermal properties 453:485 structural and thermal properties 453:485 gPCL based materials were analysed in terms of their grafting degree, structural and thermal properties. 27178904 3 21 theme thermal 468:474 arg1 degree 445:450 their grafting degree 430:450 their grafting degree 430:450 gPCL based materials were analysed in terms of their grafting degree, structural and thermal properties. 27178904 7 22 dep both 844:847 arg1 structural 849:858 structural 849:858 structural 849:858 Blends containing gPCL evidenced better interfacial adhesion between starch and PCL domains, as deduced from both structural (XRD, FTIR, SEM) and bulk properties (DSC, TGA). 27178904 3 23 theme gPCL 383:386 arg1 materials 394:402 gPCL based materials 383:402 gPCL based materials 383:402 gPCL based materials were analysed in terms of their grafting degree, structural and thermal properties. 27178904 7 24 dep XRD 861:863 arg1 SEM 872:874 SEM 872:874 SEM 872:874 Blends containing gPCL evidenced better interfacial adhesion between starch and PCL domains, as deduced from both structural (XRD, FTIR, SEM) and bulk properties (DSC, TGA). 27178904 7 24 dep XRD 861:863 arg1 FTIR 866:869 FTIR 866:869 FTIR 866:869 Blends containing gPCL evidenced better interfacial adhesion between starch and PCL domains, as deduced from both structural (XRD, FTIR, SEM) and bulk properties (DSC, TGA). 27178904 7 25 dep structural 849:858 arg1 XRD 861:863 XRD 861:863 XRD 861:863 Blends containing gPCL evidenced better interfacial adhesion between starch and PCL domains, as deduced from both structural (XRD, FTIR, SEM) and bulk properties (DSC, TGA). 27178904 0 26 theme interfacial 15:25 arg1 adhesion 27:34 interfacial adhesion 15:34 interfacial adhesion 15:34 Enhancement of interfacial adhesion between starch and grafted poly(ε-caprolactone). 27178904 4 27 dep based 495:499 arg1 wt 520:521 wt 520:521 wt 520:521 Blends based on starch and PCL (wt. 27178904 0 28 theme grafted 55:61 arg1 ε-caprolactone 68:81 ε-caprolactone 68:81 ε-caprolactone 68:81 Enhancement of interfacial adhesion between starch and grafted poly(ε-caprolactone). 27178904 0 28 theme grafted 55:61 arg1 poly 63:66 grafted poly 55:66 grafted poly(ε-caprolactone) 55:82 Enhancement of interfacial adhesion between starch and grafted poly(ε-caprolactone). 27178904 8 29 theme food 1109:1112 arg1 requirements 1124:1135 the food packaging requirements 1105:1135 the food packaging requirements 1105:1135 Moreover, grafted PCL-based compatibilizers greatly improved functional properties of S-PCL blend films, as pointed out from mechanical performance and higher barrier properties, valuable to meet the food packaging requirements. 27178904 2 30 theme batch 370:374 arg1 mixer 376:380 a batch mixer 368:380 a batch mixer 368:380 PCL was functionalized by grafting with maleic anyhdride (MA) and/or glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) by reactive blending in a batch mixer. 27178904 3 31 theme based 388:392 arg1 materials 394:402 gPCL based materials 383:402 gPCL based materials 383:402 gPCL based materials were analysed in terms of their grafting degree, structural and thermal properties. 27178904 6 32 theme mechanical 682:691 arg1 properties 705:714 their structural, thermal, mechanical and barrier properties 655:714 their structural, thermal, mechanical and barrier properties 655:714 %), as a compatibilizer, were obtained by extrusion and compression moulding, and their structural, thermal, mechanical and barrier properties were investigated. 27178904 1 33 from miscibility 154:164 arg1 films 169:173 films 169:173 films based on thermoplastic starch (S) and poly(ε-caprolactone) 169:232 The use of a modified poly(ε-caprolactone) (gPCL) to enhance polymer miscibility in films based on thermoplastic starch (S) and poly(ε-caprolactone) is reported. 27178904 1 34 theme modified 98:105 arg1 poly 107:110 a modified poly 96:110 a modified poly(ε-caprolactone) (gPCL) 96:133 The use of a modified poly(ε-caprolactone) (gPCL) to enhance polymer miscibility in films based on thermoplastic starch (S) and poly(ε-caprolactone) is reported. 27178904 1 34 theme modified 98:105 arg1 ε-caprolactone 112:125 ε-caprolactone 112:125 ε-caprolactone 112:125 The use of a modified poly(ε-caprolactone) (gPCL) to enhance polymer miscibility in films based on thermoplastic starch (S) and poly(ε-caprolactone) is reported. 27178904 1 34 theme modified 98:105 arg1 gPCL 129:132 gPCL 129:132 gPCL 129:132 The use of a modified poly(ε-caprolactone) (gPCL) to enhance polymer miscibility in films based on thermoplastic starch (S) and poly(ε-caprolactone) is reported. 27178904 7 35 theme better 768:773 arg1 adhesion 787:794 better interfacial adhesion 768:794 better interfacial adhesion between starch and PCL domains 768:825 Blends containing gPCL evidenced better interfacial adhesion between starch and PCL domains, as deduced from both structural (XRD, FTIR, SEM) and bulk properties (DSC, TGA). 27178904 8 36 theme PCL-based 927:935 arg1 compatibilizers 937:951 grafted PCL-based compatibilizers 919:951 grafted PCL-based compatibilizers 919:951 Moreover, grafted PCL-based compatibilizers greatly improved functional properties of S-PCL blend films, as pointed out from mechanical performance and higher barrier properties, valuable to meet the food packaging requirements. 27178904 1 37 theme poly 107:110 arg1 use 89:91 The use 85:91 The use of a modified poly(ε-caprolactone) (gPCL) to enhance polymer miscibility in films based on thermoplastic starch (S) and poly(ε-caprolactone) 85:232 The use of a modified poly(ε-caprolactone) (gPCL) to enhance polymer miscibility in films based on thermoplastic starch (S) and poly(ε-caprolactone) is reported. 27178904 7 38 theme interfacial 775:785 arg1 adhesion 787:794 better interfacial adhesion 768:794 better interfacial adhesion between starch and PCL domains 768:825 Blends containing gPCL evidenced better interfacial adhesion between starch and PCL domains, as deduced from both structural (XRD, FTIR, SEM) and bulk properties (DSC, TGA). 27178904 8 39 theme grafted 919:925 arg1 compatibilizers 937:951 grafted PCL-based compatibilizers 919:951 grafted PCL-based compatibilizers 919:951 Moreover, grafted PCL-based compatibilizers greatly improved functional properties of S-PCL blend films, as pointed out from mechanical performance and higher barrier properties, valuable to meet the food packaging requirements. 27178904 6 40 theme thermal 673:679 arg1 properties 705:714 their structural, thermal, mechanical and barrier properties 655:714 their structural, thermal, mechanical and barrier properties 655:714 %), as a compatibilizer, were obtained by extrusion and compression moulding, and their structural, thermal, mechanical and barrier properties were investigated. 27178904 8 41 theme packaging 1114:1122 arg1 requirements 1124:1135 the food packaging requirements 1105:1135 the food packaging requirements 1105:1135 Moreover, grafted PCL-based compatibilizers greatly improved functional properties of S-PCL blend films, as pointed out from mechanical performance and higher barrier properties, valuable to meet the food packaging requirements. 27178904 1 42 theme thermoplastic 184:196 arg1 S 206:206 thermoplastic starch (S) 184:207 thermoplastic starch (S) 184:207 The use of a modified poly(ε-caprolactone) (gPCL) to enhance polymer miscibility in films based on thermoplastic starch (S) and poly(ε-caprolactone) is reported. 27178904 1 43 theme starch 198:203 arg1 S 206:206 thermoplastic starch (S) 184:207 thermoplastic starch (S) 184:207 The use of a modified poly(ε-caprolactone) (gPCL) to enhance polymer miscibility in films based on thermoplastic starch (S) and poly(ε-caprolactone) is reported. 27178904 7 44 dep properties 886:895 arg1 both 844:847 both 844:847 both 844:847 Blends containing gPCL evidenced better interfacial adhesion between starch and PCL domains, as deduced from both structural (XRD, FTIR, SEM) and bulk properties (DSC, TGA). 27178904 7 44 dep properties 886:895 arg1 TGA 903:905 TGA 903:905 TGA 903:905 Blends containing gPCL evidenced better interfacial adhesion between starch and PCL domains, as deduced from both structural (XRD, FTIR, SEM) and bulk properties (DSC, TGA). 27178904 7 44 dep properties 886:895 arg1 bulk 881:884 bulk 881:884 bulk 881:884 Blends containing gPCL evidenced better interfacial adhesion between starch and PCL domains, as deduced from both structural (XRD, FTIR, SEM) and bulk properties (DSC, TGA). 27178904 7 44 dep properties 886:895 arg1 DSC 898:900 DSC 898:900 DSC 898:900 Blends containing gPCL evidenced better interfacial adhesion between starch and PCL domains, as deduced from both structural (XRD, FTIR, SEM) and bulk properties (DSC, TGA). 27178904 2 45 from blending 356:363 arg1 mixer 376:380 a batch mixer 368:380 a batch mixer 368:380 PCL was functionalized by grafting with maleic anyhdride (MA) and/or glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) by reactive blending in a batch mixer. 27178904 2 46 theme reactive 347:354 arg1 blending 356:363 reactive blending 347:363 reactive blending in a batch mixer 347:380 PCL was functionalized by grafting with maleic anyhdride (MA) and/or glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) by reactive blending in a batch mixer. 27518453 3 0 dep composition 438:448 arg1 The 434:436 The 434:436 The 434:436 The composition and morphology of scaffold were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27518453 4 1 theme good 767:770 arg1 property 783:790 good mechanical property 767:790 good mechanical property 767:790 It proved that the low crystallinity of HAP crystals were uniformly distributed in ChS/CSA organic matrix and the nanostructured hybrid scaffold exhibited good mechanical property. 27518453 0 2 theme polysaccharides-based 19:39 arg1 scaffold 52:59 double polysaccharides-based nanohybrid scaffold 12:59 double polysaccharides-based nanohybrid scaffold for bone tissue engineering 12:87 Bioinspired double polysaccharides-based nanohybrid scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 27518453 4 3 theme low 631:633 arg1 crystallinity 635:647 the low crystallinity 627:647 the low crystallinity of HAP crystals 627:663 It proved that the low crystallinity of HAP crystals were uniformly distributed in ChS/CSA organic matrix and the nanostructured hybrid scaffold exhibited good mechanical property. 27518453 2 4 theme freeze-drying 409:421 arg1 technique 423:431 in situ fabrication and freeze-drying technique 385:431 technique 423:431 Herein, a hybrid nanostructured chitosan/chondroitin sulfate/hydroxyapatite (ChS/CSA/HAP) in situ composite scaffold was prepared by in situ fabrication and freeze-drying technique. 27518453 7 5 theme bone 1156:1159 arg1 application 1168:1178 bone repair application 1156:1178 bone repair application in bone tissue engineering 1156:1205 Therefore, it is promising for bone repair application in bone tissue engineering. 27518453 3 6 theme scanning 576:583 arg1 SEM 606:608 SEM 606:608 SEM 606:608 The composition and morphology of scaffold were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27518453 3 6 theme scanning 576:583 arg1 microscopy 594:603 scanning electron microscopy 576:603 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 576:609 The composition and morphology of scaffold were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27518453 2 7 theme composite 350:358 arg1 scaffold 360:367 in situ composite scaffold 342:367 a hybrid nanostructured chitosan/chondroitin sulfate/hydroxyapatite (ChS/CSA/HAP) in situ composite scaffold 260:367 Herein, a hybrid nanostructured chitosan/chondroitin sulfate/hydroxyapatite (ChS/CSA/HAP) in situ composite scaffold was prepared by in situ fabrication and freeze-drying technique. 27518453 6 8 theme In 961:962 arg1 tests 970:974 In vitro tests 961:974 In vitro tests 961:974 In vitro tests indicated that the hybrid scaffold not only promoted the adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts, but also improved the growth of the osteoblasts. 27518453 7 9 theme repair 1161:1166 arg1 application 1168:1178 bone repair application 1156:1178 bone repair application in bone tissue engineering 1156:1205 Therefore, it is promising for bone repair application in bone tissue engineering. 27518453 5 10 theme Hoechst 917:923 arg1 33258 925:929 Hoechst 33258 917:929 Hoechst 33258 917:929 The biocompatibility and in vitro bioactivity were detected by MTT-assay, maturation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity), Hoechst 33258 and PI fluorescence staining. 27518453 5 11 theme in 818:819 arg1 bioactivity 827:837 in vitro bioactivity 818:837 in vitro bioactivity 818:837 The biocompatibility and in vitro bioactivity were detected by MTT-assay, maturation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity), Hoechst 33258 and PI fluorescence staining. 27518453 5 12 theme alkaline 879:886 arg1 phosphatase 888:898 alkaline phosphatase 879:898 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity 879:913 The biocompatibility and in vitro bioactivity were detected by MTT-assay, maturation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity), Hoechst 33258 and PI fluorescence staining. 27518453 5 12 theme alkaline 879:886 arg1 ALP 901:903 ALP 901:903 ALP 901:903 The biocompatibility and in vitro bioactivity were detected by MTT-assay, maturation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity), Hoechst 33258 and PI fluorescence staining. 27518453 2 13 theme in 342:343 arg1 scaffold 360:367 in situ composite scaffold 342:367 a hybrid nanostructured chitosan/chondroitin sulfate/hydroxyapatite (ChS/CSA/HAP) in situ composite scaffold 260:367 Herein, a hybrid nanostructured chitosan/chondroitin sulfate/hydroxyapatite (ChS/CSA/HAP) in situ composite scaffold was prepared by in situ fabrication and freeze-drying technique. 27518453 1 14 theme excellent 197:205 arg1 biocompatibility 207:222 excellent biocompatibility 197:222 excellent biocompatibility 197:222 The fabrication of bone scaffolds with interconnected porous structure, adequate mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility presents a great challenge. 27518453 2 15 dep sulfate/hydroxyapatite 305:326 arg1 scaffold 360:367 in situ composite scaffold 342:367 a hybrid nanostructured chitosan/chondroitin sulfate/hydroxyapatite (ChS/CSA/HAP) in situ composite scaffold 260:367 Herein, a hybrid nanostructured chitosan/chondroitin sulfate/hydroxyapatite (ChS/CSA/HAP) in situ composite scaffold was prepared by in situ fabrication and freeze-drying technique. 27518453 6 16 theme osteoblasts 1063:1073 arg1 proliferation 1046:1058 proliferation 1046:1058 proliferation 1046:1058 In vitro tests indicated that the hybrid scaffold not only promoted the adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts, but also improved the growth of the osteoblasts. 27518453 6 16 theme osteoblasts 1063:1073 arg1 adhesion 1033:1040 adhesion 1033:1040 adhesion 1033:1040 In vitro tests indicated that the hybrid scaffold not only promoted the adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts, but also improved the growth of the osteoblasts. 27518453 7 17 theme bone 1183:1186 arg1 engineering 1195:1205 bone tissue engineering 1183:1205 bone tissue engineering 1183:1205 Therefore, it is promising for bone repair application in bone tissue engineering. 27518453 7 18 from application 1168:1178 arg1 engineering 1195:1205 bone tissue engineering 1183:1205 bone tissue engineering 1183:1205 Therefore, it is promising for bone repair application in bone tissue engineering. 27518453 0 19 theme double 12:17 arg1 scaffold 52:59 double polysaccharides-based nanohybrid scaffold 12:59 double polysaccharides-based nanohybrid scaffold for bone tissue engineering 12:87 Bioinspired double polysaccharides-based nanohybrid scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 27518453 3 20 theme electron 585:592 arg1 SEM 606:608 SEM 606:608 SEM 606:608 The composition and morphology of scaffold were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27518453 3 20 theme electron 585:592 arg1 microscopy 594:603 scanning electron microscopy 576:603 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 576:609 The composition and morphology of scaffold were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27518453 4 21 theme nanostructured 726:739 arg1 scaffold 748:755 the nanostructured hybrid scaffold 722:755 the nanostructured hybrid scaffold 722:755 It proved that the low crystallinity of HAP crystals were uniformly distributed in ChS/CSA organic matrix and the nanostructured hybrid scaffold exhibited good mechanical property. 27518453 5 22 theme phosphatase 888:898 arg1 maturation 867:876 maturation 867:876 maturation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity) 867:914 The biocompatibility and in vitro bioactivity were detected by MTT-assay, maturation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity), Hoechst 33258 and PI fluorescence staining. 27518453 5 22 theme phosphatase 888:898 arg1 activity 906:913 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity 879:913 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity 879:913 The biocompatibility and in vitro bioactivity were detected by MTT-assay, maturation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity), Hoechst 33258 and PI fluorescence staining. 27518453 2 23 dep in 385:386 arg1 situ 388:391 situ 388:391 situ 388:391 Herein, a hybrid nanostructured chitosan/chondroitin sulfate/hydroxyapatite (ChS/CSA/HAP) in situ composite scaffold was prepared by in situ fabrication and freeze-drying technique. 27518453 5 24 theme PI 935:936 arg1 staining 951:958 PI fluorescence staining 935:958 PI fluorescence staining 935:958 The biocompatibility and in vitro bioactivity were detected by MTT-assay, maturation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity), Hoechst 33258 and PI fluorescence staining. 27518453 0 25 theme nanohybrid 41:50 arg1 scaffold 52:59 double polysaccharides-based nanohybrid scaffold 12:59 double polysaccharides-based nanohybrid scaffold for bone tissue engineering 12:87 Bioinspired double polysaccharides-based nanohybrid scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 27518453 1 26 theme scaffolds 114:122 arg1 fabrication 94:104 The fabrication 90:104 The fabrication of bone scaffolds with interconnected porous structure, adequate mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility 90:222 The fabrication of bone scaffolds with interconnected porous structure, adequate mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility presents a great challenge. 27518453 3 27 dep Fourier 499:505 arg1 transform 507:515 transform 507:515 transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 507:609 The composition and morphology of scaffold were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27518453 1 28 theme great 235:239 arg1 challenge 241:249 a great challenge 233:249 a great challenge 233:249 The fabrication of bone scaffolds with interconnected porous structure, adequate mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility presents a great challenge. 27518453 1 29 theme bone 109:112 arg1 scaffolds 114:122 bone scaffolds 109:122 bone scaffolds 109:122 The fabrication of bone scaffolds with interconnected porous structure, adequate mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility presents a great challenge. 27518453 2 30 dep in 342:343 arg1 situ 345:348 situ 345:348 situ 345:348 Herein, a hybrid nanostructured chitosan/chondroitin sulfate/hydroxyapatite (ChS/CSA/HAP) in situ composite scaffold was prepared by in situ fabrication and freeze-drying technique. 27518453 4 31 theme mechanical 772:781 arg1 property 783:790 good mechanical property 767:790 good mechanical property 767:790 It proved that the low crystallinity of HAP crystals were uniformly distributed in ChS/CSA organic matrix and the nanostructured hybrid scaffold exhibited good mechanical property. 27518453 4 32 theme organic 703:709 arg1 matrix 711:716 ChS/CSA organic matrix 695:716 ChS/CSA organic matrix 695:716 It proved that the low crystallinity of HAP crystals were uniformly distributed in ChS/CSA organic matrix and the nanostructured hybrid scaffold exhibited good mechanical property. 27518453 2 33 theme nanostructured 269:282 arg1 sulfate/hydroxyapatite 305:326 a hybrid nanostructured chitosan/chondroitin sulfate/hydroxyapatite 260:326 a hybrid nanostructured chitosan/chondroitin sulfate/hydroxyapatite (ChS/CSA/HAP) in situ composite scaffold 260:367 Herein, a hybrid nanostructured chitosan/chondroitin sulfate/hydroxyapatite (ChS/CSA/HAP) in situ composite scaffold was prepared by in situ fabrication and freeze-drying technique. 27518453 2 33 theme nanostructured 269:282 arg1 ChS/CSA/HAP 329:339 ChS/CSA/HAP 329:339 ChS/CSA/HAP 329:339 Herein, a hybrid nanostructured chitosan/chondroitin sulfate/hydroxyapatite (ChS/CSA/HAP) in situ composite scaffold was prepared by in situ fabrication and freeze-drying technique. 27518453 6 34 theme osteoblasts 1112:1122 arg1 growth 1098:1103 the growth 1094:1103 the growth of the osteoblasts 1094:1122 In vitro tests indicated that the hybrid scaffold not only promoted the adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts, but also improved the growth of the osteoblasts. 27518453 3 35 theme FT-IR 527:531 arg1 spectroscopy 534:545 (FT-IR) spectroscopy 526:545 (FT-IR) spectroscopy 526:545 The composition and morphology of scaffold were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27518453 1 36 with fabrication 94:104 arg1 structure 151:159 interconnected porous structure 129:159 interconnected porous structure 129:159 The fabrication of bone scaffolds with interconnected porous structure, adequate mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility presents a great challenge. 27518453 1 36 with fabrication 94:104 arg1 properties 182:191 adequate mechanical properties 162:191 adequate mechanical properties 162:191 The fabrication of bone scaffolds with interconnected porous structure, adequate mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility presents a great challenge. 27518453 1 36 with fabrication 94:104 arg1 biocompatibility 207:222 excellent biocompatibility 197:222 excellent biocompatibility 197:222 The fabrication of bone scaffolds with interconnected porous structure, adequate mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility presents a great challenge. 27518453 2 37 theme hybrid 262:267 arg1 sulfate/hydroxyapatite 305:326 a hybrid nanostructured chitosan/chondroitin sulfate/hydroxyapatite 260:326 a hybrid nanostructured chitosan/chondroitin sulfate/hydroxyapatite (ChS/CSA/HAP) in situ composite scaffold 260:367 Herein, a hybrid nanostructured chitosan/chondroitin sulfate/hydroxyapatite (ChS/CSA/HAP) in situ composite scaffold was prepared by in situ fabrication and freeze-drying technique. 27518453 2 37 theme hybrid 262:267 arg1 ChS/CSA/HAP 329:339 ChS/CSA/HAP 329:339 ChS/CSA/HAP 329:339 Herein, a hybrid nanostructured chitosan/chondroitin sulfate/hydroxyapatite (ChS/CSA/HAP) in situ composite scaffold was prepared by in situ fabrication and freeze-drying technique. 27518453 4 38 theme ChS/CSA 695:701 arg1 matrix 711:716 ChS/CSA organic matrix 695:716 ChS/CSA organic matrix 695:716 It proved that the low crystallinity of HAP crystals were uniformly distributed in ChS/CSA organic matrix and the nanostructured hybrid scaffold exhibited good mechanical property. 27518453 0 39 theme tissue 70:75 arg1 engineering 77:87 bone tissue engineering 65:87 bone tissue engineering 65:87 Bioinspired double polysaccharides-based nanohybrid scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 27518453 5 40 theme fluorescence 938:949 arg1 staining 951:958 PI fluorescence staining 935:958 PI fluorescence staining 935:958 The biocompatibility and in vitro bioactivity were detected by MTT-assay, maturation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity), Hoechst 33258 and PI fluorescence staining. 27518453 5 41 dep in 818:819 arg1 vitro 821:825 vitro 821:825 vitro 821:825 The biocompatibility and in vitro bioactivity were detected by MTT-assay, maturation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity), Hoechst 33258 and PI fluorescence staining. 27518453 1 42 theme interconnected 129:142 arg1 structure 151:159 interconnected porous structure 129:159 interconnected porous structure 129:159 The fabrication of bone scaffolds with interconnected porous structure, adequate mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility presents a great challenge. 27518453 0 43 theme bone 65:68 arg1 engineering 77:87 bone tissue engineering 65:87 bone tissue engineering 65:87 Bioinspired double polysaccharides-based nanohybrid scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 27518453 6 44 theme hybrid 995:1000 arg1 scaffold 1002:1009 the hybrid scaffold 991:1009 the hybrid scaffold 991:1009 In vitro tests indicated that the hybrid scaffold not only promoted the adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts, but also improved the growth of the osteoblasts. 27518453 1 45 theme porous 144:149 arg1 structure 151:159 interconnected porous structure 129:159 interconnected porous structure 129:159 The fabrication of bone scaffolds with interconnected porous structure, adequate mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility presents a great challenge. 27518453 7 46 theme tissue 1188:1193 arg1 engineering 1195:1205 bone tissue engineering 1183:1205 bone tissue engineering 1183:1205 Therefore, it is promising for bone repair application in bone tissue engineering. 27518453 3 47 dep transform 507:515 arg1 infrared 517:524 infrared 517:524 transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 507:609 The composition and morphology of scaffold were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27518453 3 48 theme X-ray 548:552 arg1 XRD 567:569 XRD 567:569 XRD 567:569 The composition and morphology of scaffold were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27518453 3 48 theme X-ray 548:552 arg1 diffraction 554:564 X-ray diffraction 548:564 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 548:570 The composition and morphology of scaffold were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27518453 4 49 theme crystals 656:663 arg1 crystallinity 635:647 the low crystallinity 627:647 the low crystallinity of HAP crystals 627:663 It proved that the low crystallinity of HAP crystals were uniformly distributed in ChS/CSA organic matrix and the nanostructured hybrid scaffold exhibited good mechanical property. 27518453 6 50 dep adhesion 1033:1040 arg1 the 1029:1031 the 1029:1031 the 1029:1031 In vitro tests indicated that the hybrid scaffold not only promoted the adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts, but also improved the growth of the osteoblasts. 27518453 2 51 theme in 385:386 arg1 fabrication 393:403 in situ fabrication and freeze-drying technique 385:431 fabrication 393:403 Herein, a hybrid nanostructured chitosan/chondroitin sulfate/hydroxyapatite (ChS/CSA/HAP) in situ composite scaffold was prepared by in situ fabrication and freeze-drying technique. 27518453 4 52 theme HAP 652:654 arg1 crystals 656:663 HAP crystals 652:663 HAP crystals 652:663 It proved that the low crystallinity of HAP crystals were uniformly distributed in ChS/CSA organic matrix and the nanostructured hybrid scaffold exhibited good mechanical property. 27518453 4 53 theme hybrid 741:746 arg1 scaffold 748:755 the nanostructured hybrid scaffold 722:755 the nanostructured hybrid scaffold 722:755 It proved that the low crystallinity of HAP crystals were uniformly distributed in ChS/CSA organic matrix and the nanostructured hybrid scaffold exhibited good mechanical property. 27518453 1 54 theme adequate 162:169 arg1 properties 182:191 adequate mechanical properties 162:191 adequate mechanical properties 162:191 The fabrication of bone scaffolds with interconnected porous structure, adequate mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility presents a great challenge. 27518453 6 55 dep In 961:962 arg1 vitro 964:968 vitro 964:968 vitro 964:968 In vitro tests indicated that the hybrid scaffold not only promoted the adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts, but also improved the growth of the osteoblasts. 27518453 3 56 theme scaffold 468:475 arg1 morphology 454:463 morphology 454:463 morphology 454:463 The composition and morphology of scaffold were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27518453 3 56 theme scaffold 468:475 arg1 composition 438:448 composition 438:448 composition 438:448 The composition and morphology of scaffold were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27518453 2 57 theme chitosan/chondroitin 284:303 arg1 sulfate/hydroxyapatite 305:326 a hybrid nanostructured chitosan/chondroitin sulfate/hydroxyapatite 260:326 a hybrid nanostructured chitosan/chondroitin sulfate/hydroxyapatite (ChS/CSA/HAP) in situ composite scaffold 260:367 Herein, a hybrid nanostructured chitosan/chondroitin sulfate/hydroxyapatite (ChS/CSA/HAP) in situ composite scaffold was prepared by in situ fabrication and freeze-drying technique. 27518453 2 57 theme chitosan/chondroitin 284:303 arg1 ChS/CSA/HAP 329:339 ChS/CSA/HAP 329:339 ChS/CSA/HAP 329:339 Herein, a hybrid nanostructured chitosan/chondroitin sulfate/hydroxyapatite (ChS/CSA/HAP) in situ composite scaffold was prepared by in situ fabrication and freeze-drying technique. 27518453 1 58 theme mechanical 171:180 arg1 properties 182:191 adequate mechanical properties 162:191 adequate mechanical properties 162:191 The fabrication of bone scaffolds with interconnected porous structure, adequate mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility presents a great challenge. 26615200 2 0 theme drug 424:427 arg1 surface 394:400 the bacterial outer membrane surface 365:400 the bacterial outer membrane surface 365:400 One of the major virulent determinants of Gram-negative bacteria is capsular polysaccharide or K antigen located on the bacterial outer membrane surface, which is a potential drug & vaccine target. 26615200 2 0 theme drug 424:427 arg1 target 439:444 a potential drug & vaccine target 412:444 a potential drug & vaccine target 412:444 One of the major virulent determinants of Gram-negative bacteria is capsular polysaccharide or K antigen located on the bacterial outer membrane surface, which is a potential drug & vaccine target. 26615200 7 1 theme antibacterial 1168:1180 arg1 drugs 1182:1186 antibacterial drugs 1168:1186 antibacterial drugs 1168:1186 Such a database would facilitate the development of antibacterial drugs to combat E. coli infections as it has evolved resistance against 2 major drugs namely, third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. 26615200 2 2 theme Gram-negative 291:303 arg1 bacteria 305:312 Gram-negative bacteria 291:312 Gram-negative bacteria 291:312 One of the major virulent determinants of Gram-negative bacteria is capsular polysaccharide or K antigen located on the bacterial outer membrane surface, which is a potential drug & vaccine target. 26615200 2 3 theme potential 414:422 arg1 surface 394:400 the bacterial outer membrane surface 365:400 the bacterial outer membrane surface 365:400 One of the major virulent determinants of Gram-negative bacteria is capsular polysaccharide or K antigen located on the bacterial outer membrane surface, which is a potential drug & vaccine target. 26615200 2 3 theme potential 414:422 arg1 target 439:444 a potential drug & vaccine target 412:444 a potential drug & vaccine target 412:444 One of the major virulent determinants of Gram-negative bacteria is capsular polysaccharide or K antigen located on the bacterial outer membrane surface, which is a potential drug & vaccine target. 26615200 1 4 theme Gram-negative 119:131 arg1 Klebsiella 163:172 Klebsiella 163:172 Klebsiella 163:172 A very high rate of multidrug resistance (MDR) seen among Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Shigella, etc. is a major threat to public health and safety. 26615200 1 4 theme Gram-negative 119:131 arg1 bacteria 133:140 Gram-negative bacteria 119:140 Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Shigella, etc. 119:200 A very high rate of multidrug resistance (MDR) seen among Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Shigella, etc. is a major threat to public health and safety. 26615200 8 5 theme polymeric 1366:1374 arg1 antigens 1378:1385 polymeric K antigens 1366:1385 polymeric K antigens 1366:1385 EK3D also enables the generation of polymeric K antigens of varying lengths and thus, provides comprehensive information about E. coli K antigens. 26615200 8 6 theme antigens 1378:1385 arg1 generation 1352:1361 the generation 1348:1361 the generation of polymeric K antigens of varying lengths 1348:1404 EK3D also enables the generation of polymeric K antigens of varying lengths and thus, provides comprehensive information about E. coli K antigens. 26615200 4 7 theme innate 676:681 arg1 flexibility 707:717 their innate enormous conformational flexibility 670:717 their innate enormous conformational flexibility 670:717 Nonetheless, acquiring structural information of K antigens is not straightforward due to their innate enormous conformational flexibility. 26615200 1 8 theme major 207:211 arg1 rate 73:76 A very high rate 61:76 A very high rate of multidrug resistance (MDR) seen among Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Shigella, etc. 61:200 A very high rate of multidrug resistance (MDR) seen among Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Shigella, etc. is a major threat to public health and safety. 26615200 1 8 theme major 207:211 arg1 threat 213:218 a major threat 205:218 a major threat to public health and safety 205:246 A very high rate of multidrug resistance (MDR) seen among Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Shigella, etc. is a major threat to public health and safety. 26615200 4 9 theme conformational 692:705 arg1 flexibility 707:717 their innate enormous conformational flexibility 670:717 their innate enormous conformational flexibility 670:717 Nonetheless, acquiring structural information of K antigens is not straightforward due to their innate enormous conformational flexibility. 26615200 8 10 dep E. 1457:1458 arg1 coli 1460:1463 coli 1460:1463 coli 1460:1463 EK3D also enables the generation of polymeric K antigens of varying lengths and thus, provides comprehensive information about E. coli K antigens. 26615200 4 11 theme antigens 631:638 arg1 information 614:624 acquiring structural information 593:624 acquiring structural information of K antigens 593:638 Nonetheless, acquiring structural information of K antigens is not straightforward due to their innate enormous conformational flexibility. 26615200 4 12 theme K 629:629 arg1 antigens 631:638 K antigens 629:638 K antigens 629:638 Nonetheless, acquiring structural information of K antigens is not straightforward due to their innate enormous conformational flexibility. 26615200 2 13 theme determinants 275:286 arg1 determinants 275:286 the major virulent determinants 256:286 the major virulent determinants of Gram-negative bacteria 256:312 One of the major virulent determinants of Gram-negative bacteria is capsular polysaccharide or K antigen located on the bacterial outer membrane surface, which is a potential drug & vaccine target. 26615200 2 13 theme determinants 275:286 arg1 One 249:251 One 249:251 One 249:251 One of the major virulent determinants of Gram-negative bacteria is capsular polysaccharide or K antigen located on the bacterial outer membrane surface, which is a potential drug & vaccine target. 26615200 8 14 theme comprehensive 1425:1437 arg1 information 1439:1449 comprehensive information 1425:1449 comprehensive information about E. coli K antigens 1425:1474 EK3D also enables the generation of polymeric K antigens of varying lengths and thus, provides comprehensive information about E. coli K antigens. 26615200 5 15 theme E. 811:812 arg1 serotypes 819:827 various E. coli serotypes 803:827 various E. coli serotypes 803:827 Here, we have developed a manually curated database of K antigens corresponding to various E. coli serotypes, which differ from each other in their monosaccharide composition, linkage between the monosaccharides and their stereoisomeric forms. 26615200 2 16 theme K 344:344 arg1 antigen 346:352 K antigen 344:352 K antigen 344:352 One of the major virulent determinants of Gram-negative bacteria is capsular polysaccharide or K antigen located on the bacterial outer membrane surface, which is a potential drug & vaccine target. 26615200 3 17 theme key 458:460 arg1 role 462:465 a key role 456:465 a key role 456:465 It plays a key role in host-pathogen interactions as well as host immune evasion and thus, mandates detailed structural information. 26615200 6 18 theme organized 1031:1039 arg1 repository 1041:1050 an organized repository 1028:1050 an organized repository 1028:1050 Subsequently, we have modeled their 3D structures and developed an organized repository, namely EK3D that can be accessed through www.iith.ac.in/EK3D/. 26615200 6 18 theme organized 1031:1039 arg1 EK3D 1060:1063 EK3D 1060:1063 EK3D that can be accessed through www.iith.ac.in/EK3D/ 1060:1113 Subsequently, we have modeled their 3D structures and developed an organized repository, namely EK3D that can be accessed through www.iith.ac.in/EK3D/. 26615200 5 19 theme various 803:809 arg1 serotypes 819:827 various E. coli serotypes 803:827 various E. coli serotypes 803:827 Here, we have developed a manually curated database of K antigens corresponding to various E. coli serotypes, which differ from each other in their monosaccharide composition, linkage between the monosaccharides and their stereoisomeric forms. 26615200 7 20 theme drugs 1182:1186 arg1 development 1153:1163 the development 1149:1163 the development of antibacterial drugs to combat E. coli infections as it has evolved resistance against 2 major drugs namely, third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones 1149:1327 Such a database would facilitate the development of antibacterial drugs to combat E. coli infections as it has evolved resistance against 2 major drugs namely, third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. 26615200 7 21 dep E. 1198:1199 arg1 coli 1201:1204 coli 1201:1204 coli 1201:1204 Such a database would facilitate the development of antibacterial drugs to combat E. coli infections as it has evolved resistance against 2 major drugs namely, third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. 26615200 4 22 theme structural 603:612 arg1 information 614:624 acquiring structural information 593:624 acquiring structural information of K antigens 593:638 Nonetheless, acquiring structural information of K antigens is not straightforward due to their innate enormous conformational flexibility. 26615200 2 23 theme membrane 385:392 arg1 surface 394:400 the bacterial outer membrane surface 365:400 the bacterial outer membrane surface 365:400 One of the major virulent determinants of Gram-negative bacteria is capsular polysaccharide or K antigen located on the bacterial outer membrane surface, which is a potential drug & vaccine target. 26615200 2 23 theme membrane 385:392 arg1 target 439:444 a potential drug & vaccine target 412:444 a potential drug & vaccine target 412:444 One of the major virulent determinants of Gram-negative bacteria is capsular polysaccharide or K antigen located on the bacterial outer membrane surface, which is a potential drug & vaccine target. 26615200 1 24 theme high 68:71 arg1 rate 73:76 A very high rate 61:76 A very high rate of multidrug resistance (MDR) seen among Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Shigella, etc. 61:200 A very high rate of multidrug resistance (MDR) seen among Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Shigella, etc. is a major threat to public health and safety. 26615200 1 24 theme high 68:71 arg1 threat 213:218 a major threat 205:218 a major threat to public health and safety 205:246 A very high rate of multidrug resistance (MDR) seen among Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Shigella, etc. is a major threat to public health and safety. 26615200 2 25 theme capsular 317:324 arg1 polysaccharide 326:339 capsular polysaccharide 317:339 capsular polysaccharide 317:339 One of the major virulent determinants of Gram-negative bacteria is capsular polysaccharide or K antigen located on the bacterial outer membrane surface, which is a potential drug & vaccine target. 26615200 0 26 theme E. 9:10 arg1 database 51:58 an E. coli K antigen 3-dimensional structure database 6:58 EK3D: an E. coli K antigen 3-dimensional structure database. 0:59 EK3D: an E. coli K antigen 3-dimensional structure database. 26615200 1 27 theme public 223:228 arg1 health 230:235 public health 223:235 public health 223:235 A very high rate of multidrug resistance (MDR) seen among Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Shigella, etc. is a major threat to public health and safety. 26615200 8 28 theme K 1376:1376 arg1 antigens 1378:1385 polymeric K antigens 1366:1385 polymeric K antigens 1366:1385 EK3D also enables the generation of polymeric K antigens of varying lengths and thus, provides comprehensive information about E. coli K antigens. 26615200 3 29 theme host-pathogen 470:482 arg1 interactions 484:495 host-pathogen interactions 470:495 host-pathogen interactions as well as host immune evasion 470:526 It plays a key role in host-pathogen interactions as well as host immune evasion and thus, mandates detailed structural information. 26615200 5 30 dep E. 811:812 arg1 coli 814:817 coli 814:817 coli 814:817 Here, we have developed a manually curated database of K antigens corresponding to various E. coli serotypes, which differ from each other in their monosaccharide composition, linkage between the monosaccharides and their stereoisomeric forms. 26615200 6 31 theme 3D 1000:1001 arg1 structures 1003:1012 their 3D structures 994:1012 their 3D structures 994:1012 Subsequently, we have modeled their 3D structures and developed an organized repository, namely EK3D that can be accessed through www.iith.ac.in/EK3D/. 26615200 2 32 theme bacterial 369:377 arg1 surface 394:400 the bacterial outer membrane surface 365:400 the bacterial outer membrane surface 365:400 One of the major virulent determinants of Gram-negative bacteria is capsular polysaccharide or K antigen located on the bacterial outer membrane surface, which is a potential drug & vaccine target. 26615200 2 32 theme bacterial 369:377 arg1 target 439:444 a potential drug & vaccine target 412:444 a potential drug & vaccine target 412:444 One of the major virulent determinants of Gram-negative bacteria is capsular polysaccharide or K antigen located on the bacterial outer membrane surface, which is a potential drug & vaccine target. 26615200 5 33 theme monosaccharide 868:881 arg1 composition 883:893 their monosaccharide composition 862:893 their monosaccharide composition 862:893 Here, we have developed a manually curated database of K antigens corresponding to various E. coli serotypes, which differ from each other in their monosaccharide composition, linkage between the monosaccharides and their stereoisomeric forms. 26615200 5 33 theme monosaccharide 868:881 arg1 linkage 896:902 linkage 896:902 linkage between the monosaccharides and their stereoisomeric forms 896:961 Here, we have developed a manually curated database of K antigens corresponding to various E. coli serotypes, which differ from each other in their monosaccharide composition, linkage between the monosaccharides and their stereoisomeric forms. 26615200 3 34 dep plays 450:454 arg1 mandates 538:545 mandates 538:545 mandates detailed structural information 538:577 It plays a key role in host-pathogen interactions as well as host immune evasion and thus, mandates detailed structural information. 26615200 5 35 theme K 775:775 arg1 antigens 777:784 K antigens 775:784 K antigens 775:784 Here, we have developed a manually curated database of K antigens corresponding to various E. coli serotypes, which differ from each other in their monosaccharide composition, linkage between the monosaccharides and their stereoisomeric forms. 26615200 0 36 theme K 17:17 arg1 database 51:58 an E. coli K antigen 3-dimensional structure database 6:58 EK3D: an E. coli K antigen 3-dimensional structure database. 0:59 EK3D: an E. coli K antigen 3-dimensional structure database. 26615200 2 37 theme virulent 266:273 arg1 determinants 275:286 the major virulent determinants 256:286 the major virulent determinants of Gram-negative bacteria 256:312 One of the major virulent determinants of Gram-negative bacteria is capsular polysaccharide or K antigen located on the bacterial outer membrane surface, which is a potential drug & vaccine target. 26615200 5 38 theme antigens 777:784 arg1 database 763:770 a manually curated database 744:770 a manually curated database of K antigens corresponding to various E. coli serotypes, which differ from each other in their monosaccharide composition, linkage between the monosaccharides and their stereoisomeric forms 744:961 Here, we have developed a manually curated database of K antigens corresponding to various E. coli serotypes, which differ from each other in their monosaccharide composition, linkage between the monosaccharides and their stereoisomeric forms. 26615200 3 39 theme immune 513:518 arg1 evasion 520:526 host immune evasion 508:526 host-pathogen interactions as well as host immune evasion 470:526 It plays a key role in host-pathogen interactions as well as host immune evasion and thus, mandates detailed structural information. 26615200 4 40 theme acquiring 593:601 arg1 information 614:624 acquiring structural information 593:624 acquiring structural information of K antigens 593:638 Nonetheless, acquiring structural information of K antigens is not straightforward due to their innate enormous conformational flexibility. 26615200 2 41 theme located 354:360 arg1 polysaccharide 326:339 capsular polysaccharide 317:339 capsular polysaccharide 317:339 One of the major virulent determinants of Gram-negative bacteria is capsular polysaccharide or K antigen located on the bacterial outer membrane surface, which is a potential drug & vaccine target. 26615200 7 42 theme third-generation 1276:1291 arg1 cephalosporins 1293:1306 third-generation cephalosporins 1276:1306 third-generation cephalosporins 1276:1306 Such a database would facilitate the development of antibacterial drugs to combat E. coli infections as it has evolved resistance against 2 major drugs namely, third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. 26615200 3 43 theme detailed 547:554 arg1 information 567:577 detailed structural information 547:577 detailed structural information 547:577 It plays a key role in host-pathogen interactions as well as host immune evasion and thus, mandates detailed structural information. 26615200 2 44 theme outer 379:383 arg1 surface 394:400 the bacterial outer membrane surface 365:400 the bacterial outer membrane surface 365:400 One of the major virulent determinants of Gram-negative bacteria is capsular polysaccharide or K antigen located on the bacterial outer membrane surface, which is a potential drug & vaccine target. 26615200 2 44 theme outer 379:383 arg1 target 439:444 a potential drug & vaccine target 412:444 a potential drug & vaccine target 412:444 One of the major virulent determinants of Gram-negative bacteria is capsular polysaccharide or K antigen located on the bacterial outer membrane surface, which is a potential drug & vaccine target. 26615200 5 45 theme curated 755:761 arg1 database 763:770 a manually curated database 744:770 a manually curated database of K antigens corresponding to various E. coli serotypes, which differ from each other in their monosaccharide composition, linkage between the monosaccharides and their stereoisomeric forms 744:961 Here, we have developed a manually curated database of K antigens corresponding to various E. coli serotypes, which differ from each other in their monosaccharide composition, linkage between the monosaccharides and their stereoisomeric forms. 26615200 0 46 theme 3-dimensional 27:39 arg1 database 51:58 an E. coli K antigen 3-dimensional structure database 6:58 EK3D: an E. coli K antigen 3-dimensional structure database. 0:59 EK3D: an E. coli K antigen 3-dimensional structure database. 26615200 2 47 theme & 429:429 arg1 surface 394:400 the bacterial outer membrane surface 365:400 the bacterial outer membrane surface 365:400 One of the major virulent determinants of Gram-negative bacteria is capsular polysaccharide or K antigen located on the bacterial outer membrane surface, which is a potential drug & vaccine target. 26615200 2 47 theme & 429:429 arg1 target 439:444 a potential drug & vaccine target 412:444 a potential drug & vaccine target 412:444 One of the major virulent determinants of Gram-negative bacteria is capsular polysaccharide or K antigen located on the bacterial outer membrane surface, which is a potential drug & vaccine target. 26615200 8 48 theme K 1465:1465 arg1 antigens 1467:1474 E. coli K antigens 1457:1474 E. coli K antigens 1457:1474 EK3D also enables the generation of polymeric K antigens of varying lengths and thus, provides comprehensive information about E. coli K antigens. 26615200 1 49 theme multidrug 81:89 arg1 MDR 103:105 MDR 103:105 MDR 103:105 A very high rate of multidrug resistance (MDR) seen among Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Shigella, etc. is a major threat to public health and safety. 26615200 1 49 theme multidrug 81:89 arg1 resistance 91:100 multidrug resistance 81:100 multidrug resistance (MDR) 81:106 A very high rate of multidrug resistance (MDR) seen among Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Shigella, etc. is a major threat to public health and safety. 26615200 0 50 theme antigen 19:25 arg1 database 51:58 an E. coli K antigen 3-dimensional structure database 6:58 EK3D: an E. coli K antigen 3-dimensional structure database. 0:59 EK3D: an E. coli K antigen 3-dimensional structure database. 26615200 3 51 theme structural 556:565 arg1 information 567:577 detailed structural information 547:577 detailed structural information 547:577 It plays a key role in host-pathogen interactions as well as host immune evasion and thus, mandates detailed structural information. 26615200 3 52 theme host 508:511 arg1 evasion 520:526 host immune evasion 508:526 host-pathogen interactions as well as host immune evasion 470:526 It plays a key role in host-pathogen interactions as well as host immune evasion and thus, mandates detailed structural information. 26615200 1 53 theme resistance 91:100 arg1 rate 73:76 A very high rate 61:76 A very high rate of multidrug resistance (MDR) seen among Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Shigella, etc. 61:200 A very high rate of multidrug resistance (MDR) seen among Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Shigella, etc. is a major threat to public health and safety. 26615200 1 53 theme resistance 91:100 arg1 threat 213:218 a major threat 205:218 a major threat to public health and safety 205:246 A very high rate of multidrug resistance (MDR) seen among Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Shigella, etc. is a major threat to public health and safety. 26615200 1 54 dep Klebsiella 163:172 arg1 Escherichia 150:160 Escherichia, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Shigella, etc. 150:200 Escherichia 150:160 A very high rate of multidrug resistance (MDR) seen among Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Shigella, etc. is a major threat to public health and safety. 26615200 8 55 theme varying 1390:1396 arg1 lengths 1398:1404 varying lengths 1390:1404 varying lengths 1390:1404 EK3D also enables the generation of polymeric K antigens of varying lengths and thus, provides comprehensive information about E. coli K antigens. 26615200 0 56 dep E. 9:10 arg1 coli 12:15 coli 12:15 coli 12:15 EK3D: an E. coli K antigen 3-dimensional structure database. 26615200 2 57 theme major 260:264 arg1 determinants 275:286 the major virulent determinants 256:286 the major virulent determinants of Gram-negative bacteria 256:312 One of the major virulent determinants of Gram-negative bacteria is capsular polysaccharide or K antigen located on the bacterial outer membrane surface, which is a potential drug & vaccine target. 26615200 4 58 theme enormous 683:690 arg1 flexibility 707:717 their innate enormous conformational flexibility 670:717 their innate enormous conformational flexibility 670:717 Nonetheless, acquiring structural information of K antigens is not straightforward due to their innate enormous conformational flexibility. 26615200 8 59 theme lengths 1398:1404 arg1 generation 1352:1361 the generation 1348:1361 the generation of polymeric K antigens of varying lengths 1348:1404 EK3D also enables the generation of polymeric K antigens of varying lengths and thus, provides comprehensive information about E. coli K antigens. 26615200 2 60 theme vaccine 431:437 arg1 surface 394:400 the bacterial outer membrane surface 365:400 the bacterial outer membrane surface 365:400 One of the major virulent determinants of Gram-negative bacteria is capsular polysaccharide or K antigen located on the bacterial outer membrane surface, which is a potential drug & vaccine target. 26615200 2 60 theme vaccine 431:437 arg1 target 439:444 a potential drug & vaccine target 412:444 a potential drug & vaccine target 412:444 One of the major virulent determinants of Gram-negative bacteria is capsular polysaccharide or K antigen located on the bacterial outer membrane surface, which is a potential drug & vaccine target. 26615200 8 61 theme E. 1457:1458 arg1 antigens 1467:1474 E. coli K antigens 1457:1474 E. coli K antigens 1457:1474 EK3D also enables the generation of polymeric K antigens of varying lengths and thus, provides comprehensive information about E. coli K antigens. 26615200 5 62 theme stereoisomeric 942:955 arg1 forms 957:961 their stereoisomeric forms 936:961 their stereoisomeric forms 936:961 Here, we have developed a manually curated database of K antigens corresponding to various E. coli serotypes, which differ from each other in their monosaccharide composition, linkage between the monosaccharides and their stereoisomeric forms. 26615200 7 63 theme major 1256:1260 arg1 drugs 1262:1266 2 major drugs 1254:1266 2 major drugs namely 1254:1273 Such a database would facilitate the development of antibacterial drugs to combat E. coli infections as it has evolved resistance against 2 major drugs namely, third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. 26615200 0 64 theme structure 41:49 arg1 database 51:58 an E. coli K antigen 3-dimensional structure database 6:58 EK3D: an E. coli K antigen 3-dimensional structure database. 0:59 EK3D: an E. coli K antigen 3-dimensional structure database. 26615200 0 65 dep EK3D 0:3 arg1 database 51:58 an E. coli K antigen 3-dimensional structure database 6:58 EK3D: an E. coli K antigen 3-dimensional structure database. 0:59 EK3D: an E. coli K antigen 3-dimensional structure database. 26615200 2 66 theme bacteria 305:312 arg1 determinants 275:286 the major virulent determinants 256:286 the major virulent determinants of Gram-negative bacteria 256:312 One of the major virulent determinants of Gram-negative bacteria is capsular polysaccharide or K antigen located on the bacterial outer membrane surface, which is a potential drug & vaccine target. 26615200 7 67 theme E. 1198:1199 arg1 infections 1206:1215 E. coli infections 1198:1215 E. coli infections 1198:1215 Such a database would facilitate the development of antibacterial drugs to combat E. coli infections as it has evolved resistance against 2 major drugs namely, third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. 27904998 6 0 theme stiffer 935:941 arg1 properties 952:961 stiffer material properties 935:961 stiffer material properties 935:961 With increasing chitosan incorporation, hydrogels exhibited significantly denser pore structure and stiffer material properties. 27904998 6 1 theme pore 916:919 arg1 structure 921:929 significantly denser pore structure 895:929 significantly denser pore structure 895:929 With increasing chitosan incorporation, hydrogels exhibited significantly denser pore structure and stiffer material properties. 27904998 9 2 theme gelation 1399:1406 arg1 properties 1408:1417 in situ gelation properties 1391:1417 in situ gelation properties 1391:1417 Overall, this report presents a platform for a novel alginate-chitosan hydrogel of controlled composition and in situ gelation properties that can be used to control lipid release for therapeutic applications. 27904998 3 3 theme local 525:529 arg1 gradients 545:553 local concentration gradients 525:553 local concentration gradients that promote neovascularization 525:585 Thus, the objective of this study was to design a hydrogel system that provides controlled and sustained release of S1P to establish local concentration gradients that promote neovascularization. 27904998 7 4 from gels 1069:1072 arg1 release 1044:1050 release 1044:1050 release from 1% chitosan gels 1044:1072 While 0.1 and 0.5% chitosan gels demonstrated slower respective release of S1P, release from 1% chitosan gels was similar to alginate gels alone. 27904998 7 5 theme chitosan 983:990 arg1 gels 992:995 0.1 and 0.5% chitosan gels 970:995 0.1 and 0.5% chitosan gels 970:995 While 0.1 and 0.5% chitosan gels demonstrated slower respective release of S1P, release from 1% chitosan gels was similar to alginate gels alone. 27904998 8 6 theme greater 1150:1156 arg1 sprouting 1158:1166 greater sprouting 1150:1166 greater sprouting 1150:1166 Furthermore, 0.5% chitosan gels induced greater sprouting and directed migration of outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs) in response to released S1P under hypoxia in vitro. 27904998 4 7 theme factors 685:691 arg1 delivery 659:666 delivery 659:666 delivery of proangiogenic factors 659:691 Alginate hydrogels have been extensively studied and characterized for delivery of proangiogenic factors. 27904998 5 8 theme chitosan 718:725 arg1 incorporation 748:760 chitosan (0, 0.1, 0.5, or 1%) incorporation 718:760 chitosan (0, 0.1, 0.5, or 1%) incorporation 718:760 We sought to explore if chitosan (0, 0.1, 0.5, or 1%) incorporation could be used as a means to control S1P release from alginate hydrogels. 27904998 5 8 theme chitosan 718:725 arg1 means 781:785 a means 779:785 a means to control S1P release from alginate hydrogels 779:832 We sought to explore if chitosan (0, 0.1, 0.5, or 1%) incorporation could be used as a means to control S1P release from alginate hydrogels. 27904998 2 9 theme S1P 299:301 arg1 release 288:294 the controlled release 273:294 the controlled release of S1P 273:301 However, designing biomaterial systems for the controlled release of S1P to achieve therapeutic angiogenesis presents both biological and engineering challenges. 27904998 8 10 theme % 1126:1126 arg1 gels 1137:1140 0.5% chitosan gels 1123:1140 0.5% chitosan gels 1123:1140 Furthermore, 0.5% chitosan gels induced greater sprouting and directed migration of outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs) in response to released S1P under hypoxia in vitro. 27904998 8 11 theme directed 1172:1179 arg1 migration 1181:1189 directed migration 1172:1189 directed migration of outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs) 1172:1227 Furthermore, 0.5% chitosan gels induced greater sprouting and directed migration of outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs) in response to released S1P under hypoxia in vitro. 27904998 3 12 theme S1P 508:510 arg1 release 497:503 controlled and sustained release 472:503 controlled and sustained release of S1P 472:510 Thus, the objective of this study was to design a hydrogel system that provides controlled and sustained release of S1P to establish local concentration gradients that promote neovascularization. 27904998 3 13 theme sustained 487:495 arg1 release 497:503 controlled and sustained release 472:503 controlled and sustained release of S1P 472:510 Thus, the objective of this study was to design a hydrogel system that provides controlled and sustained release of S1P to establish local concentration gradients that promote neovascularization. 27904998 9 14 theme lipid 1447:1451 arg1 release 1453:1459 lipid release 1447:1459 lipid release 1447:1459 Overall, this report presents a platform for a novel alginate-chitosan hydrogel of controlled composition and in situ gelation properties that can be used to control lipid release for therapeutic applications. 27904998 5 15 used used 771:774 arg2 incorporation 748:760 chitosan (0, 0.1, 0.5, or 1%) incorporation 718:760 chitosan (0, 0.1, 0.5, or 1%) incorporation 718:760 We sought to explore if chitosan (0, 0.1, 0.5, or 1%) incorporation could be used as a means to control S1P release from alginate hydrogels. 27904998 5 15 used used 771:774 arg2 means 781:785 a means 779:785 a means to control S1P release from alginate hydrogels 779:832 We sought to explore if chitosan (0, 0.1, 0.5, or 1%) incorporation could be used as a means to control S1P release from alginate hydrogels. 27904998 5 16 dep chitosan 718:725 arg1 % 745:745 0, 0.1, 0.5, or 1% 728:745 0, 0.1, 0.5, or 1% 728:745 We sought to explore if chitosan (0, 0.1, 0.5, or 1%) incorporation could be used as a means to control S1P release from alginate hydrogels. 27904998 5 17 theme S1P 798:800 arg1 release 802:808 S1P release 798:808 S1P release from alginate hydrogels 798:832 We sought to explore if chitosan (0, 0.1, 0.5, or 1%) incorporation could be used as a means to control S1P release from alginate hydrogels. 27904998 8 18 theme chitosan 1128:1135 arg1 gels 1137:1140 0.5% chitosan gels 1123:1140 0.5% chitosan gels 1123:1140 Furthermore, 0.5% chitosan gels induced greater sprouting and directed migration of outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs) in response to released S1P under hypoxia in vitro. 27904998 6 19 theme denser 909:914 arg1 structure 921:929 significantly denser pore structure 895:929 significantly denser pore structure 895:929 With increasing chitosan incorporation, hydrogels exhibited significantly denser pore structure and stiffer material properties. 27904998 8 20 theme released 1244:1251 arg1 S1P 1253:1255 released S1P 1244:1255 released S1P 1244:1255 Furthermore, 0.5% chitosan gels induced greater sprouting and directed migration of outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs) in response to released S1P under hypoxia in vitro. 27904998 0 21 theme Alginate-Chitosan 0:16 arg1 Hydrogels 18:26 Alginate-Chitosan Hydrogels 0:26 Alginate-Chitosan Hydrogels 0:26 Alginate-Chitosan Hydrogels Provide a Sustained Gradient of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate for Therapeutic Angiogenesis. 27904998 7 22 theme alginate 1089:1096 arg1 gels 1098:1101 alginate gels 1089:1101 alginate gels alone 1089:1107 While 0.1 and 0.5% chitosan gels demonstrated slower respective release of S1P, release from 1% chitosan gels was similar to alginate gels alone. 27904998 7 23 dep gels 992:995 arg1 % 981:981 % 981:981 % 981:981 While 0.1 and 0.5% chitosan gels demonstrated slower respective release of S1P, release from 1% chitosan gels was similar to alginate gels alone. 27904998 3 24 theme hydrogel 442:449 arg1 system 451:456 a hydrogel system 440:456 a hydrogel system that provides controlled and sustained release of S1P to establish local concentration gradients that promote neovascularization 440:585 Thus, the objective of this study was to design a hydrogel system that provides controlled and sustained release of S1P to establish local concentration gradients that promote neovascularization. 27904998 8 25 theme endothelial 1204:1214 arg1 OECs 1223:1226 OECs 1223:1226 OECs 1223:1226 Furthermore, 0.5% chitosan gels induced greater sprouting and directed migration of outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs) in response to released S1P under hypoxia in vitro. 27904998 8 25 theme endothelial 1204:1214 arg1 cells 1216:1220 outgrowth endothelial cells 1194:1220 outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs) 1194:1227 Furthermore, 0.5% chitosan gels induced greater sprouting and directed migration of outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs) in response to released S1P under hypoxia in vitro. 27904998 4 26 theme Alginate 588:595 arg1 hydrogels 597:605 Alginate hydrogels 588:605 Alginate hydrogels 588:605 Alginate hydrogels have been extensively studied and characterized for delivery of proangiogenic factors. 27904998 2 27 theme therapeutic 314:324 arg1 angiogenesis 326:337 therapeutic angiogenesis 314:337 therapeutic angiogenesis 314:337 However, designing biomaterial systems for the controlled release of S1P to achieve therapeutic angiogenesis presents both biological and engineering challenges. 27904998 1 28 theme ischemic 203:210 arg1 disease 221:227 ischemic vascular disease 203:227 ischemic vascular disease 203:227 Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive lipid, is a potent candidate for treatment of ischemic vascular disease. 27904998 5 29 theme alginate 815:822 arg1 hydrogels 824:832 alginate hydrogels 815:832 alginate hydrogels 815:832 We sought to explore if chitosan (0, 0.1, 0.5, or 1%) incorporation could be used as a means to control S1P release from alginate hydrogels. 27904998 9 30 dep in 1391:1392 arg1 situ 1394:1397 situ 1394:1397 situ 1394:1397 Overall, this report presents a platform for a novel alginate-chitosan hydrogel of controlled composition and in situ gelation properties that can be used to control lipid release for therapeutic applications. 27904998 1 31 theme potent 169:174 arg1 candidate 176:184 a potent candidate 167:184 a potent candidate for treatment of ischemic vascular disease 167:227 Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive lipid, is a potent candidate for treatment of ischemic vascular disease. 27904998 1 31 theme potent 169:174 arg1 Sphingosine-1-phosphate 114:136 Sphingosine-1-phosphate 114:136 Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) 114:142 Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive lipid, is a potent candidate for treatment of ischemic vascular disease. 27904998 9 32 used used 1431:1434 arg2 platform 1313:1320 a platform 1311:1320 a platform for a novel alginate-chitosan hydrogel of controlled composition and in situ gelation properties that can be used to control lipid release for therapeutic applications 1311:1488 Overall, this report presents a platform for a novel alginate-chitosan hydrogel of controlled composition and in situ gelation properties that can be used to control lipid release for therapeutic applications. 27904998 1 33 theme vascular 212:219 arg1 disease 221:227 ischemic vascular disease 203:227 ischemic vascular disease 203:227 Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive lipid, is a potent candidate for treatment of ischemic vascular disease. 27904998 9 34 theme novel 1328:1332 arg1 hydrogel 1352:1359 a novel alginate-chitosan hydrogel 1326:1359 a novel alginate-chitosan hydrogel of controlled composition and in situ gelation properties 1326:1417 Overall, this report presents a platform for a novel alginate-chitosan hydrogel of controlled composition and in situ gelation properties that can be used to control lipid release for therapeutic applications. 27904998 7 35 theme chitosan 1060:1067 arg1 gels 1069:1072 1% chitosan gels 1057:1072 1% chitosan gels 1057:1072 While 0.1 and 0.5% chitosan gels demonstrated slower respective release of S1P, release from 1% chitosan gels was similar to alginate gels alone. 27904998 2 36 theme biomaterial 249:259 arg1 systems 261:267 biomaterial systems 249:267 biomaterial systems for the controlled release of S1P 249:301 However, designing biomaterial systems for the controlled release of S1P to achieve therapeutic angiogenesis presents both biological and engineering challenges. 27904998 1 37 theme disease 221:227 arg1 treatment 190:198 treatment 190:198 treatment of ischemic vascular disease 190:227 Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive lipid, is a potent candidate for treatment of ischemic vascular disease. 27904998 0 38 theme Sustained 38:46 arg1 Gradient 48:55 a Sustained Gradient 36:55 a Sustained Gradient of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate for Therapeutic Angiogenesis 36:111 Alginate-Chitosan Hydrogels Provide a Sustained Gradient of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate for Therapeutic Angiogenesis. 27904998 9 39 theme alginate-chitosan 1334:1350 arg1 hydrogel 1352:1359 a novel alginate-chitosan hydrogel 1326:1359 a novel alginate-chitosan hydrogel of controlled composition and in situ gelation properties 1326:1417 Overall, this report presents a platform for a novel alginate-chitosan hydrogel of controlled composition and in situ gelation properties that can be used to control lipid release for therapeutic applications. 27904998 8 40 theme cells 1216:1220 arg1 sprouting 1158:1166 greater sprouting 1150:1166 greater sprouting 1150:1166 Furthermore, 0.5% chitosan gels induced greater sprouting and directed migration of outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs) in response to released S1P under hypoxia in vitro. 27904998 8 40 theme cells 1216:1220 arg1 migration 1181:1189 directed migration 1172:1189 directed migration of outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs) 1172:1227 Furthermore, 0.5% chitosan gels induced greater sprouting and directed migration of outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs) in response to released S1P under hypoxia in vitro. 27904998 9 41 theme in 1391:1392 arg1 properties 1408:1417 in situ gelation properties 1391:1417 in situ gelation properties 1391:1417 Overall, this report presents a platform for a novel alginate-chitosan hydrogel of controlled composition and in situ gelation properties that can be used to control lipid release for therapeutic applications. 27904998 7 42 theme S1P 1039:1041 arg1 release 1028:1034 slower respective release 1010:1034 slower respective release of S1P 1010:1041 While 0.1 and 0.5% chitosan gels demonstrated slower respective release of S1P, release from 1% chitosan gels was similar to alginate gels alone. 27904998 3 43 theme controlled 472:481 arg1 release 497:503 controlled and sustained release 472:503 controlled and sustained release of S1P 472:510 Thus, the objective of this study was to design a hydrogel system that provides controlled and sustained release of S1P to establish local concentration gradients that promote neovascularization. 27904998 3 44 theme study 420:424 arg1 objective 402:410 the objective 398:410 the objective of this study 398:424 Thus, the objective of this study was to design a hydrogel system that provides controlled and sustained release of S1P to establish local concentration gradients that promote neovascularization. 27904998 7 45 theme 1 1057:1057 arg1 % 1058:1058 % 1058:1058 % 1058:1058 While 0.1 and 0.5% chitosan gels demonstrated slower respective release of S1P, release from 1% chitosan gels was similar to alginate gels alone. 27904998 6 46 theme chitosan 851:858 arg1 incorporation 860:872 chitosan incorporation 851:872 chitosan incorporation 851:872 With increasing chitosan incorporation, hydrogels exhibited significantly denser pore structure and stiffer material properties. 27904998 2 47 theme engineering 368:378 arg1 challenges 380:389 both biological and engineering challenges 348:389 both biological and engineering challenges 348:389 However, designing biomaterial systems for the controlled release of S1P to achieve therapeutic angiogenesis presents both biological and engineering challenges. 27904998 7 48 theme % 1058:1058 arg1 gels 1069:1072 1% chitosan gels 1057:1072 1% chitosan gels 1057:1072 While 0.1 and 0.5% chitosan gels demonstrated slower respective release of S1P, release from 1% chitosan gels was similar to alginate gels alone. 27904998 5 49 from hydrogels 824:832 arg1 release 802:808 S1P release 798:808 S1P release from alginate hydrogels 798:832 We sought to explore if chitosan (0, 0.1, 0.5, or 1%) incorporation could be used as a means to control S1P release from alginate hydrogels. 27904998 9 50 theme controlled 1364:1373 arg1 composition 1375:1385 controlled composition 1364:1385 controlled composition 1364:1385 Overall, this report presents a platform for a novel alginate-chitosan hydrogel of controlled composition and in situ gelation properties that can be used to control lipid release for therapeutic applications. 27904998 8 51 theme 0.5 1123:1125 arg1 % 1126:1126 % 1126:1126 % 1126:1126 Furthermore, 0.5% chitosan gels induced greater sprouting and directed migration of outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs) in response to released S1P under hypoxia in vitro. 27904998 2 52 theme controlled 277:286 arg1 release 288:294 the controlled release 273:294 the controlled release of S1P 273:301 However, designing biomaterial systems for the controlled release of S1P to achieve therapeutic angiogenesis presents both biological and engineering challenges. 27904998 1 53 theme bioactive 147:155 arg1 lipid 157:161 a bioactive lipid 145:161 a bioactive lipid 145:161 Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive lipid, is a potent candidate for treatment of ischemic vascular disease. 27904998 1 53 theme bioactive 147:155 arg1 Sphingosine-1-phosphate 114:136 Sphingosine-1-phosphate 114:136 Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) 114:142 Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive lipid, is a potent candidate for treatment of ischemic vascular disease. 27904998 9 54 theme composition 1375:1385 arg1 hydrogel 1352:1359 a novel alginate-chitosan hydrogel 1326:1359 a novel alginate-chitosan hydrogel of controlled composition and in situ gelation properties 1326:1417 Overall, this report presents a platform for a novel alginate-chitosan hydrogel of controlled composition and in situ gelation properties that can be used to control lipid release for therapeutic applications. 27904998 8 55 dep S1P 1253:1255 arg1 response 1232:1239 response 1232:1239 response 1232:1239 Furthermore, 0.5% chitosan gels induced greater sprouting and directed migration of outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs) in response to released S1P under hypoxia in vitro. 27904998 9 56 theme properties 1408:1417 arg1 hydrogel 1352:1359 a novel alginate-chitosan hydrogel 1326:1359 a novel alginate-chitosan hydrogel of controlled composition and in situ gelation properties 1326:1417 Overall, this report presents a platform for a novel alginate-chitosan hydrogel of controlled composition and in situ gelation properties that can be used to control lipid release for therapeutic applications. 27904998 7 57 theme slower 1010:1015 arg1 release 1028:1034 slower respective release 1010:1034 slower respective release of S1P 1010:1041 While 0.1 and 0.5% chitosan gels demonstrated slower respective release of S1P, release from 1% chitosan gels was similar to alginate gels alone. 27904998 7 58 dep % 981:981 arg1 0.5 978:980 0.5 978:980 0.5 978:980 While 0.1 and 0.5% chitosan gels demonstrated slower respective release of S1P, release from 1% chitosan gels was similar to alginate gels alone. 27904998 7 58 dep % 981:981 arg1 0.1 970:972 0.1 970:972 0.1 970:972 While 0.1 and 0.5% chitosan gels demonstrated slower respective release of S1P, release from 1% chitosan gels was similar to alginate gels alone. 27904998 2 59 theme biological 353:362 arg1 challenges 380:389 both biological and engineering challenges 348:389 both biological and engineering challenges 348:389 However, designing biomaterial systems for the controlled release of S1P to achieve therapeutic angiogenesis presents both biological and engineering challenges. 27904998 0 60 theme Therapeutic 88:98 arg1 Angiogenesis 100:111 Therapeutic Angiogenesis 88:111 Therapeutic Angiogenesis 88:111 Alginate-Chitosan Hydrogels Provide a Sustained Gradient of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate for Therapeutic Angiogenesis. 27904998 9 61 theme therapeutic 1465:1475 arg1 applications 1477:1488 therapeutic applications 1465:1488 therapeutic applications 1465:1488 Overall, this report presents a platform for a novel alginate-chitosan hydrogel of controlled composition and in situ gelation properties that can be used to control lipid release for therapeutic applications. 27904998 7 62 theme respective 1017:1026 arg1 release 1028:1034 slower respective release 1010:1034 slower respective release of S1P 1010:1041 While 0.1 and 0.5% chitosan gels demonstrated slower respective release of S1P, release from 1% chitosan gels was similar to alginate gels alone. 27904998 3 63 theme concentration 531:543 arg1 gradients 545:553 local concentration gradients 525:553 local concentration gradients that promote neovascularization 525:585 Thus, the objective of this study was to design a hydrogel system that provides controlled and sustained release of S1P to establish local concentration gradients that promote neovascularization. 27904998 4 64 theme proangiogenic 671:683 arg1 factors 685:691 proangiogenic factors 671:691 proangiogenic factors 671:691 Alginate hydrogels have been extensively studied and characterized for delivery of proangiogenic factors. 27904998 0 65 theme Sphingosine-1-Phosphate 60:82 arg1 Gradient 48:55 a Sustained Gradient 36:55 a Sustained Gradient of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate for Therapeutic Angiogenesis 36:111 Alginate-Chitosan Hydrogels Provide a Sustained Gradient of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate for Therapeutic Angiogenesis. 27904998 6 66 theme material 943:950 arg1 properties 952:961 stiffer material properties 935:961 stiffer material properties 935:961 With increasing chitosan incorporation, hydrogels exhibited significantly denser pore structure and stiffer material properties. 27904998 8 67 theme outgrowth 1194:1202 arg1 OECs 1223:1226 OECs 1223:1226 OECs 1223:1226 Furthermore, 0.5% chitosan gels induced greater sprouting and directed migration of outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs) in response to released S1P under hypoxia in vitro. 27904998 8 67 theme outgrowth 1194:1202 arg1 cells 1216:1220 outgrowth endothelial cells 1194:1220 outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs) 1194:1227 Furthermore, 0.5% chitosan gels induced greater sprouting and directed migration of outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs) in response to released S1P under hypoxia in vitro. 26548554 8 0 theme functional 1394:1403 arg1 poor 1449:1452 poor 1449:1452 poor 1449:1452 With regard to drug-incorporating formulations, granules were evaluated as the most satisfying form, while the functional properties of lyophilized formulations were poor. 26548554 8 0 theme functional 1394:1403 arg1 properties 1405:1414 the functional properties 1390:1414 the functional properties of lyophilized formulations 1390:1442 With regard to drug-incorporating formulations, granules were evaluated as the most satisfying form, while the functional properties of lyophilized formulations were poor. 26548554 4 1 theme excipients 635:644 arg1 mixtures 623:630 The mixtures 619:630 METHODS The mixtures of excipients 611:644 METHODS The mixtures of excipients were prepared in the form of powders, granules or lyophilizates, which were evaluated in terms of their ability to form a homogenous mass after hydration with a small amount of water. 26548554 4 2 theme water 823:827 arg1 amount 813:818 a small amount 805:818 a small amount of water 805:827 METHODS The mixtures of excipients were prepared in the form of powders, granules or lyophilizates, which were evaluated in terms of their ability to form a homogenous mass after hydration with a small amount of water. 26548554 4 2 theme water 823:827 arg1 water 823:827 water 823:827 water 823:827 METHODS The mixtures of excipients were prepared in the form of powders, granules or lyophilizates, which were evaluated in terms of their ability to form a homogenous mass after hydration with a small amount of water. 26548554 6 3 theme Performed 937:945 arg1 studies 947:953 Performed studies 937:953 Performed studies 937:953 Performed studies include macroscopic, organoleptic and microscopic observations, as well as a textural analysis, determination of gelation time and rheological measurements. 26548554 6 4 theme organoleptic 976:987 arg1 observations 1005:1016 macroscopic, organoleptic and microscopic observations 963:1016 macroscopic, organoleptic and microscopic observations 963:1016 Performed studies include macroscopic, organoleptic and microscopic observations, as well as a textural analysis, determination of gelation time and rheological measurements. 26548554 5 5 theme w/w 917:919 arg1 % 915:915 10% w/w 913:919 10% w/w 913:919 The best compositions were tested with candesartan cilexetil and valsartan (2% and 10% w/w, respectively). 26548554 2 6 theme Ex 248:249 arg1 pulp 293:296 forming viscous pulp 277:296 forming viscous pulp "on a spoon" 277:309 Ex tempore hydrated powders, forming viscous pulp "on a spoon", have recently gained much interest as pediatric formulations. 26548554 2 6 theme Ex 248:249 arg1 powders 268:274 Ex tempore hydrated powders 248:274 Ex tempore hydrated powders 248:274 Ex tempore hydrated powders, forming viscous pulp "on a spoon", have recently gained much interest as pediatric formulations. 26548554 4 7 theme powders 675:681 arg1 form 667:670 the form 663:670 the form 663:670 METHODS The mixtures of excipients were prepared in the form of powders, granules or lyophilizates, which were evaluated in terms of their ability to form a homogenous mass after hydration with a small amount of water. 26548554 0 8 theme spoon 67:71 arg1 " 72:72 a spoon" 65:72 a spoon" 65:72 Choice of excipients for gelly-like pulp prepared ex tempore "on a spoon"- "placebo" and with sartans. 26548554 6 9 theme gelation 1068:1075 arg1 time 1077:1080 gelation time 1068:1080 gelation time 1068:1080 Performed studies include macroscopic, organoleptic and microscopic observations, as well as a textural analysis, determination of gelation time and rheological measurements. 26548554 4 10 theme granules 684:691 arg1 form 667:670 the form 663:670 the form 663:670 METHODS The mixtures of excipients were prepared in the form of powders, granules or lyophilizates, which were evaluated in terms of their ability to form a homogenous mass after hydration with a small amount of water. 26548554 5 11 theme best 834:837 arg1 compositions 839:850 The best compositions 830:850 The best compositions 830:850 The best compositions were tested with candesartan cilexetil and valsartan (2% and 10% w/w, respectively). 26548554 2 12 from pulp 293:296 arg1 " 309:309 a spoon" 302:309 a spoon" 302:309 Ex tempore hydrated powders, forming viscous pulp "on a spoon", have recently gained much interest as pediatric formulations. 26548554 7 13 theme Easy 1210:1213 arg1 M 1187:1187 F-Melt M 1180:1187 F-Melt M 1180:1187 RESULTS Mixtures of guar gum, lactose and one of the disintegrants (F-Melt M, Prosolv 50, Prosolv Easy, Lycatab, Pharmaburst, Pearlitol) demonstrated the best properties. 26548554 7 13 theme Easy 1210:1213 arg1 Prosolv 1202:1208 Prosolv Easy 1202:1213 Prosolv Easy 1202:1213 RESULTS Mixtures of guar gum, lactose and one of the disintegrants (F-Melt M, Prosolv 50, Prosolv Easy, Lycatab, Pharmaburst, Pearlitol) demonstrated the best properties. 26548554 4 14 theme lyophilizates 696:708 arg1 form 667:670 the form 663:670 the form 663:670 METHODS The mixtures of excipients were prepared in the form of powders, granules or lyophilizates, which were evaluated in terms of their ability to form a homogenous mass after hydration with a small amount of water. 26548554 1 15 theme safe 121:124 arg1 administration 131:144 safe oral administration 121:144 safe oral administration 121:144 CONTEXT To ensure safe oral administration, pediatric patients require an appropriate dosage form to be swallowed without relevant difficulties. 26548554 8 16 theme formulations 1431:1442 arg1 poor 1449:1452 poor 1449:1452 poor 1449:1452 With regard to drug-incorporating formulations, granules were evaluated as the most satisfying form, while the functional properties of lyophilized formulations were poor. 26548554 8 16 theme formulations 1431:1442 arg1 properties 1405:1414 the functional properties 1390:1414 the functional properties of lyophilized formulations 1390:1442 With regard to drug-incorporating formulations, granules were evaluated as the most satisfying form, while the functional properties of lyophilized formulations were poor. 26548554 4 17 theme homogenous 768:777 arg1 mass 779:782 a homogenous mass 766:782 a homogenous mass after hydration 766:798 METHODS The mixtures of excipients were prepared in the form of powders, granules or lyophilizates, which were evaluated in terms of their ability to form a homogenous mass after hydration with a small amount of water. 26548554 8 18 theme lyophilized 1419:1429 arg1 formulations 1431:1442 lyophilized formulations 1419:1442 lyophilized formulations 1419:1442 With regard to drug-incorporating formulations, granules were evaluated as the most satisfying form, while the functional properties of lyophilized formulations were poor. 26548554 7 19 theme best 1266:1269 arg1 properties 1271:1280 the best properties 1262:1280 the best properties 1262:1280 RESULTS Mixtures of guar gum, lactose and one of the disintegrants (F-Melt M, Prosolv 50, Prosolv Easy, Lycatab, Pharmaburst, Pearlitol) demonstrated the best properties. 26548554 1 20 theme oral 126:129 arg1 administration 131:144 safe oral administration 121:144 safe oral administration 121:144 CONTEXT To ensure safe oral administration, pediatric patients require an appropriate dosage form to be swallowed without relevant difficulties. 26548554 9 21 with Granules 1466:1473 arg1 cilexetil 1492:1500 candesartan cilexetil 1480:1500 candesartan cilexetil (2%) 1480:1505 CONCLUSION Granules with candesartan cilexetil (2%) were found to be the most promising for further development. 26548554 9 21 with Granules 1466:1473 arg1 % 1504:1504 2% 1503:1504 2% 1503:1504 CONCLUSION Granules with candesartan cilexetil (2%) were found to be the most promising for further development. 26548554 1 22 theme relevant 225:232 arg1 difficulties 234:245 relevant difficulties 225:245 relevant difficulties 225:245 CONTEXT To ensure safe oral administration, pediatric patients require an appropriate dosage form to be swallowed without relevant difficulties. 26548554 9 23 theme further 1547:1553 arg1 development 1555:1565 further development 1547:1565 further development 1547:1565 CONCLUSION Granules with candesartan cilexetil (2%) were found to be the most promising for further development. 26548554 3 24 theme suitable 503:510 arg1 disintegrants 452:464 disintegrants 452:464 disintegrants 452:464 The aim of this study was to evaluate the viscosity-increasing substances and disintegrants, alone or in mixtures, as excipients suitable for preparing such formulations, with candesartan and valsartan chosen as model active substances. 26548554 3 24 theme suitable 503:510 arg1 excipients 492:501 excipients 492:501 excipients suitable for preparing such formulations 492:542 The aim of this study was to evaluate the viscosity-increasing substances and disintegrants, alone or in mixtures, as excipients suitable for preparing such formulations, with candesartan and valsartan chosen as model active substances. 26548554 3 24 theme suitable 503:510 arg1 substances 437:446 the viscosity-increasing substances 412:446 the viscosity-increasing substances 412:446 The aim of this study was to evaluate the viscosity-increasing substances and disintegrants, alone or in mixtures, as excipients suitable for preparing such formulations, with candesartan and valsartan chosen as model active substances. 26548554 8 25 theme drug-incorporating 1298:1315 arg1 formulations 1317:1328 drug-incorporating formulations 1298:1328 drug-incorporating formulations 1298:1328 With regard to drug-incorporating formulations, granules were evaluated as the most satisfying form, while the functional properties of lyophilized formulations were poor. 26548554 5 26 dep candesartan 869:879 arg1 % 907:907 2% 906:907 2% 906:907 The best compositions were tested with candesartan cilexetil and valsartan (2% and 10% w/w, respectively). 26548554 5 26 dep candesartan 869:879 arg1 % 915:915 10% w/w 913:919 10% w/w 913:919 The best compositions were tested with candesartan cilexetil and valsartan (2% and 10% w/w, respectively). 26548554 5 26 dep candesartan 869:879 arg1 cilexetil 881:889 cilexetil 881:889 cilexetil 881:889 The best compositions were tested with candesartan cilexetil and valsartan (2% and 10% w/w, respectively). 26548554 7 27 dep RESULTS 1112:1118 arg1 demonstrated 1249:1260 demonstrated 1249:1260 demonstrated the best properties 1249:1280 RESULTS Mixtures of guar gum, lactose and one of the disintegrants (F-Melt M, Prosolv 50, Prosolv Easy, Lycatab, Pharmaburst, Pearlitol) demonstrated the best properties. 26548554 0 28 with tempore 53:59 arg1 sartans 94:100 sartans 94:100 sartans 94:100 Choice of excipients for gelly-like pulp prepared ex tempore "on a spoon"- "placebo" and with sartans. 26548554 2 29 theme hydrated 259:266 arg1 pulp 293:296 forming viscous pulp 277:296 forming viscous pulp "on a spoon" 277:309 Ex tempore hydrated powders, forming viscous pulp "on a spoon", have recently gained much interest as pediatric formulations. 26548554 2 29 theme hydrated 259:266 arg1 powders 268:274 Ex tempore hydrated powders 248:274 Ex tempore hydrated powders 248:274 Ex tempore hydrated powders, forming viscous pulp "on a spoon", have recently gained much interest as pediatric formulations. 26548554 2 30 theme pediatric 350:358 arg1 interest 338:345 much interest 333:345 much interest 333:345 Ex tempore hydrated powders, forming viscous pulp "on a spoon", have recently gained much interest as pediatric formulations. 26548554 2 30 theme pediatric 350:358 arg1 formulations 360:371 pediatric formulations 350:371 pediatric formulations 350:371 Ex tempore hydrated powders, forming viscous pulp "on a spoon", have recently gained much interest as pediatric formulations. 26548554 0 31 theme excipients 10:19 arg1 Choice 0:5 Choice 0:5 Choice of excipients for gelly-like pulp 0:39 Choice of excipients for gelly-like pulp prepared ex tempore "on a spoon"- "placebo" and with sartans. 26548554 0 32 theme placebo 76:82 arg1 " 83:83 "placebo" 75:83 "placebo" 75:83 Choice of excipients for gelly-like pulp prepared ex tempore "on a spoon"- "placebo" and with sartans. 26548554 2 33 theme tempore 251:257 arg1 pulp 293:296 forming viscous pulp 277:296 forming viscous pulp "on a spoon" 277:309 Ex tempore hydrated powders, forming viscous pulp "on a spoon", have recently gained much interest as pediatric formulations. 26548554 2 33 theme tempore 251:257 arg1 powders 268:274 Ex tempore hydrated powders 248:274 Ex tempore hydrated powders 248:274 Ex tempore hydrated powders, forming viscous pulp "on a spoon", have recently gained much interest as pediatric formulations. 26548554 1 34 theme pediatric 147:155 arg1 patients 157:164 pediatric patients 147:164 pediatric patients 147:164 CONTEXT To ensure safe oral administration, pediatric patients require an appropriate dosage form to be swallowed without relevant difficulties. 26548554 7 35 theme F-Melt 1180:1185 arg1 M 1187:1187 F-Melt M 1180:1187 F-Melt M 1180:1187 RESULTS Mixtures of guar gum, lactose and one of the disintegrants (F-Melt M, Prosolv 50, Prosolv Easy, Lycatab, Pharmaburst, Pearlitol) demonstrated the best properties. 26548554 7 35 theme F-Melt 1180:1185 arg1 Lycatab 1216:1222 Lycatab 1216:1222 Lycatab 1216:1222 RESULTS Mixtures of guar gum, lactose and one of the disintegrants (F-Melt M, Prosolv 50, Prosolv Easy, Lycatab, Pharmaburst, Pearlitol) demonstrated the best properties. 26548554 7 35 theme F-Melt 1180:1185 arg1 Pearlitol 1238:1246 Pearlitol 1238:1246 Pearlitol 1238:1246 RESULTS Mixtures of guar gum, lactose and one of the disintegrants (F-Melt M, Prosolv 50, Prosolv Easy, Lycatab, Pharmaburst, Pearlitol) demonstrated the best properties. 26548554 7 35 theme F-Melt 1180:1185 arg1 Prosolv 1190:1196 Prosolv 50 1190:1199 Prosolv 50 1190:1199 RESULTS Mixtures of guar gum, lactose and one of the disintegrants (F-Melt M, Prosolv 50, Prosolv Easy, Lycatab, Pharmaburst, Pearlitol) demonstrated the best properties. 26548554 7 35 theme F-Melt 1180:1185 arg1 Prosolv 1202:1208 Prosolv Easy 1202:1213 Prosolv Easy 1202:1213 RESULTS Mixtures of guar gum, lactose and one of the disintegrants (F-Melt M, Prosolv 50, Prosolv Easy, Lycatab, Pharmaburst, Pearlitol) demonstrated the best properties. 26548554 7 36 theme disintegrants 1165:1177 arg1 one 1154:1156 one 1154:1156 one 1154:1156 RESULTS Mixtures of guar gum, lactose and one of the disintegrants (F-Melt M, Prosolv 50, Prosolv Easy, Lycatab, Pharmaburst, Pearlitol) demonstrated the best properties. 26548554 7 36 theme disintegrants 1165:1177 arg1 disintegrants 1165:1177 the disintegrants 1161:1177 the disintegrants (F-Melt M, Prosolv 50, Prosolv Easy, Lycatab, Pharmaburst, Pearlitol) 1161:1247 RESULTS Mixtures of guar gum, lactose and one of the disintegrants (F-Melt M, Prosolv 50, Prosolv Easy, Lycatab, Pharmaburst, Pearlitol) demonstrated the best properties. 26548554 3 37 theme model 586:590 arg1 substances 599:608 model active substances 586:608 model active substances 586:608 The aim of this study was to evaluate the viscosity-increasing substances and disintegrants, alone or in mixtures, as excipients suitable for preparing such formulations, with candesartan and valsartan chosen as model active substances. 26548554 3 38 theme such 526:529 arg1 formulations 531:542 such formulations 526:542 such formulations 526:542 The aim of this study was to evaluate the viscosity-increasing substances and disintegrants, alone or in mixtures, as excipients suitable for preparing such formulations, with candesartan and valsartan chosen as model active substances. 26548554 0 39 theme gelly-like 25:34 arg1 pulp 36:39 gelly-like pulp 25:39 gelly-like pulp 25:39 Choice of excipients for gelly-like pulp prepared ex tempore "on a spoon"- "placebo" and with sartans. 26548554 9 40 theme candesartan 1480:1490 arg1 cilexetil 1492:1500 candesartan cilexetil 1480:1500 candesartan cilexetil (2%) 1480:1505 CONCLUSION Granules with candesartan cilexetil (2%) were found to be the most promising for further development. 26548554 9 40 theme candesartan 1480:1490 arg1 % 1504:1504 2% 1503:1504 2% 1503:1504 CONCLUSION Granules with candesartan cilexetil (2%) were found to be the most promising for further development. 26548554 2 41 theme much 333:336 arg1 interest 338:345 much interest 333:345 much interest 333:345 Ex tempore hydrated powders, forming viscous pulp "on a spoon", have recently gained much interest as pediatric formulations. 26548554 2 41 theme much 333:336 arg1 formulations 360:371 pediatric formulations 350:371 pediatric formulations 350:371 Ex tempore hydrated powders, forming viscous pulp "on a spoon", have recently gained much interest as pediatric formulations. 26548554 0 42 theme ex 50:51 arg1 tempore 53:59 ex tempore 50:59 ex tempore "on a spoon"- "placebo" and with sartans 50:100 Choice of excipients for gelly-like pulp prepared ex tempore "on a spoon"- "placebo" and with sartans. 26548554 4 43 theme small 807:811 arg1 amount 813:818 a small amount 805:818 a small amount of water 805:827 METHODS The mixtures of excipients were prepared in the form of powders, granules or lyophilizates, which were evaluated in terms of their ability to form a homogenous mass after hydration with a small amount of water. 26548554 4 43 theme small 807:811 arg1 water 823:827 water 823:827 water 823:827 METHODS The mixtures of excipients were prepared in the form of powders, granules or lyophilizates, which were evaluated in terms of their ability to form a homogenous mass after hydration with a small amount of water. 26548554 0 44 from tempore 53:59 arg1 " 72:72 a spoon" 65:72 a spoon" 65:72 Choice of excipients for gelly-like pulp prepared ex tempore "on a spoon"- "placebo" and with sartans. 26548554 4 45 theme ability 750:756 arg1 terms 735:739 terms 735:739 terms of their ability to form a homogenous mass after hydration with a small amount of water 735:827 METHODS The mixtures of excipients were prepared in the form of powders, granules or lyophilizates, which were evaluated in terms of their ability to form a homogenous mass after hydration with a small amount of water. 26548554 3 46 theme viscosity-increasing 416:435 arg1 disintegrants 452:464 disintegrants 452:464 disintegrants 452:464 The aim of this study was to evaluate the viscosity-increasing substances and disintegrants, alone or in mixtures, as excipients suitable for preparing such formulations, with candesartan and valsartan chosen as model active substances. 26548554 3 46 theme viscosity-increasing 416:435 arg1 excipients 492:501 excipients 492:501 excipients suitable for preparing such formulations 492:542 The aim of this study was to evaluate the viscosity-increasing substances and disintegrants, alone or in mixtures, as excipients suitable for preparing such formulations, with candesartan and valsartan chosen as model active substances. 26548554 3 46 theme viscosity-increasing 416:435 arg1 substances 437:446 the viscosity-increasing substances 412:446 the viscosity-increasing substances 412:446 The aim of this study was to evaluate the viscosity-increasing substances and disintegrants, alone or in mixtures, as excipients suitable for preparing such formulations, with candesartan and valsartan chosen as model active substances. 26548554 4 47 dep METHODS 611:617 arg1 mixtures 623:630 The mixtures 619:630 METHODS The mixtures of excipients 611:644 METHODS The mixtures of excipients were prepared in the form of powders, granules or lyophilizates, which were evaluated in terms of their ability to form a homogenous mass after hydration with a small amount of water. 26548554 2 48 theme viscous 285:291 arg1 pulp 293:296 forming viscous pulp 277:296 forming viscous pulp "on a spoon" 277:309 Ex tempore hydrated powders, forming viscous pulp "on a spoon", have recently gained much interest as pediatric formulations. 26548554 2 48 theme viscous 285:291 arg1 powders 268:274 Ex tempore hydrated powders 248:274 Ex tempore hydrated powders 248:274 Ex tempore hydrated powders, forming viscous pulp "on a spoon", have recently gained much interest as pediatric formulations. 26548554 6 49 theme textural 1032:1039 arg1 analysis 1041:1048 a textural analysis 1030:1048 a textural analysis 1030:1048 Performed studies include macroscopic, organoleptic and microscopic observations, as well as a textural analysis, determination of gelation time and rheological measurements. 26548554 7 50 dep disintegrants 1165:1177 arg1 M 1187:1187 F-Melt M 1180:1187 F-Melt M 1180:1187 RESULTS Mixtures of guar gum, lactose and one of the disintegrants (F-Melt M, Prosolv 50, Prosolv Easy, Lycatab, Pharmaburst, Pearlitol) demonstrated the best properties. 26548554 7 50 dep disintegrants 1165:1177 arg1 Lycatab 1216:1222 Lycatab 1216:1222 Lycatab 1216:1222 RESULTS Mixtures of guar gum, lactose and one of the disintegrants (F-Melt M, Prosolv 50, Prosolv Easy, Lycatab, Pharmaburst, Pearlitol) demonstrated the best properties. 26548554 7 50 dep disintegrants 1165:1177 arg1 Pearlitol 1238:1246 Pearlitol 1238:1246 Pearlitol 1238:1246 RESULTS Mixtures of guar gum, lactose and one of the disintegrants (F-Melt M, Prosolv 50, Prosolv Easy, Lycatab, Pharmaburst, Pearlitol) demonstrated the best properties. 26548554 7 50 dep disintegrants 1165:1177 arg1 Prosolv 1190:1196 Prosolv 50 1190:1199 Prosolv 50 1190:1199 RESULTS Mixtures of guar gum, lactose and one of the disintegrants (F-Melt M, Prosolv 50, Prosolv Easy, Lycatab, Pharmaburst, Pearlitol) demonstrated the best properties. 26548554 7 50 dep disintegrants 1165:1177 arg1 Prosolv 1202:1208 Prosolv Easy 1202:1213 Prosolv Easy 1202:1213 RESULTS Mixtures of guar gum, lactose and one of the disintegrants (F-Melt M, Prosolv 50, Prosolv Easy, Lycatab, Pharmaburst, Pearlitol) demonstrated the best properties. 26548554 3 51 theme active 592:597 arg1 substances 599:608 model active substances 586:608 model active substances 586:608 The aim of this study was to evaluate the viscosity-increasing substances and disintegrants, alone or in mixtures, as excipients suitable for preparing such formulations, with candesartan and valsartan chosen as model active substances. 26548554 6 52 theme time 1077:1080 arg1 analysis 1041:1048 a textural analysis 1030:1048 a textural analysis 1030:1048 Performed studies include macroscopic, organoleptic and microscopic observations, as well as a textural analysis, determination of gelation time and rheological measurements. 26548554 6 52 theme time 1077:1080 arg1 measurements 1098:1109 rheological measurements 1086:1109 rheological measurements 1086:1109 Performed studies include macroscopic, organoleptic and microscopic observations, as well as a textural analysis, determination of gelation time and rheological measurements. 26548554 6 52 theme time 1077:1080 arg1 observations 1005:1016 macroscopic, organoleptic and microscopic observations 963:1016 macroscopic, organoleptic and microscopic observations 963:1016 Performed studies include macroscopic, organoleptic and microscopic observations, as well as a textural analysis, determination of gelation time and rheological measurements. 26548554 6 52 theme time 1077:1080 arg1 determination 1051:1063 determination 1051:1063 determination of gelation time 1051:1080 Performed studies include macroscopic, organoleptic and microscopic observations, as well as a textural analysis, determination of gelation time and rheological measurements. 26548554 2 53 theme forming 277:283 arg1 pulp 293:296 forming viscous pulp 277:296 forming viscous pulp "on a spoon" 277:309 Ex tempore hydrated powders, forming viscous pulp "on a spoon", have recently gained much interest as pediatric formulations. 26548554 2 53 theme forming 277:283 arg1 powders 268:274 Ex tempore hydrated powders 248:274 Ex tempore hydrated powders 248:274 Ex tempore hydrated powders, forming viscous pulp "on a spoon", have recently gained much interest as pediatric formulations. 26548554 1 54 theme appropriate 177:187 arg1 form 196:199 an appropriate dosage form 174:199 an appropriate dosage form to be swallowed without relevant difficulties 174:245 CONTEXT To ensure safe oral administration, pediatric patients require an appropriate dosage form to be swallowed without relevant difficulties. 26548554 6 55 theme microscopic 993:1003 arg1 observations 1005:1016 macroscopic, organoleptic and microscopic observations 963:1016 macroscopic, organoleptic and microscopic observations 963:1016 Performed studies include macroscopic, organoleptic and microscopic observations, as well as a textural analysis, determination of gelation time and rheological measurements. 26548554 6 56 theme rheological 1086:1096 arg1 measurements 1098:1109 rheological measurements 1086:1109 rheological measurements 1086:1109 Performed studies include macroscopic, organoleptic and microscopic observations, as well as a textural analysis, determination of gelation time and rheological measurements. 26548554 3 57 theme study 390:394 arg1 aim 378:380 The aim 374:380 The aim of this study 374:394 The aim of this study was to evaluate the viscosity-increasing substances and disintegrants, alone or in mixtures, as excipients suitable for preparing such formulations, with candesartan and valsartan chosen as model active substances. 26548554 7 58 theme lactose 1142:1148 arg1 Mixtures 1120:1127 Mixtures 1120:1127 Mixtures of guar gum, lactose and one of the disintegrants (F-Melt M, Prosolv 50, Prosolv Easy, Lycatab, Pharmaburst, Pearlitol) 1120:1247 RESULTS Mixtures of guar gum, lactose and one of the disintegrants (F-Melt M, Prosolv 50, Prosolv Easy, Lycatab, Pharmaburst, Pearlitol) demonstrated the best properties. 26548554 6 59 theme macroscopic 963:973 arg1 observations 1005:1016 macroscopic, organoleptic and microscopic observations 963:1016 macroscopic, organoleptic and microscopic observations 963:1016 Performed studies include macroscopic, organoleptic and microscopic observations, as well as a textural analysis, determination of gelation time and rheological measurements. 26548554 1 60 theme dosage 189:194 arg1 form 196:199 an appropriate dosage form 174:199 an appropriate dosage form to be swallowed without relevant difficulties 174:245 CONTEXT To ensure safe oral administration, pediatric patients require an appropriate dosage form to be swallowed without relevant difficulties. 26548554 7 61 theme guar 1132:1135 arg1 gum 1137:1139 guar gum 1132:1139 guar gum 1132:1139 RESULTS Mixtures of guar gum, lactose and one of the disintegrants (F-Melt M, Prosolv 50, Prosolv Easy, Lycatab, Pharmaburst, Pearlitol) demonstrated the best properties. 26548554 8 62 theme satisfying 1367:1376 arg1 form 1378:1381 the most satisfying form 1358:1381 the most satisfying form 1358:1381 With regard to drug-incorporating formulations, granules were evaluated as the most satisfying form, while the functional properties of lyophilized formulations were poor. 26548554 8 62 theme satisfying 1367:1376 arg1 granules 1331:1338 granules 1331:1338 granules 1331:1338 With regard to drug-incorporating formulations, granules were evaluated as the most satisfying form, while the functional properties of lyophilized formulations were poor. 26548554 9 63 theme CONCLUSION 1455:1464 arg1 promising 1533:1541 promising 1533:1541 promising 1533:1541 CONCLUSION Granules with candesartan cilexetil (2%) were found to be the most promising for further development. 26548554 9 63 theme CONCLUSION 1455:1464 arg1 Granules 1466:1473 CONCLUSION Granules 1455:1473 CONCLUSION Granules with candesartan cilexetil (2%) 1455:1505 CONCLUSION Granules with candesartan cilexetil (2%) were found to be the most promising for further development. 26548554 7 64 theme one 1154:1156 arg1 Mixtures 1120:1127 Mixtures 1120:1127 Mixtures of guar gum, lactose and one of the disintegrants (F-Melt M, Prosolv 50, Prosolv Easy, Lycatab, Pharmaburst, Pearlitol) 1120:1247 RESULTS Mixtures of guar gum, lactose and one of the disintegrants (F-Melt M, Prosolv 50, Prosolv Easy, Lycatab, Pharmaburst, Pearlitol) demonstrated the best properties. 26548554 2 65 theme spoon 304:308 arg1 " 309:309 a spoon" 302:309 a spoon" 302:309 Ex tempore hydrated powders, forming viscous pulp "on a spoon", have recently gained much interest as pediatric formulations. 26548554 7 66 theme gum 1137:1139 arg1 Mixtures 1120:1127 Mixtures 1120:1127 Mixtures of guar gum, lactose and one of the disintegrants (F-Melt M, Prosolv 50, Prosolv Easy, Lycatab, Pharmaburst, Pearlitol) 1120:1247 RESULTS Mixtures of guar gum, lactose and one of the disintegrants (F-Melt M, Prosolv 50, Prosolv Easy, Lycatab, Pharmaburst, Pearlitol) demonstrated the best properties. 28530569 5 0 theme maximum 886:892 arg1 polyphenols 913:923 adsorbed polyphenols 904:923 adsorbed polyphenols 904:923 Langmuir binding isotherms predicted the maximum amount of adsorbed polyphenols to be in the range of 30-150% plant cell wall mass. 28530569 5 0 theme maximum 886:892 arg1 amount 894:899 the maximum amount 882:899 the maximum amount of adsorbed polyphenols to be in the range of 30-150% plant cell wall mass 882:974 Langmuir binding isotherms predicted the maximum amount of adsorbed polyphenols to be in the range of 30-150% plant cell wall mass. 28530569 4 1 theme negatively-charged 794:811 arg1 acid 821:824 negatively-charged ferulic acid 794:824 negatively-charged ferulic acid 794:824 Negatively-charged pectin-containing cell walls exhibited the most extensive binding of positively-charged cyanidin-3-glucoside, and bound negatively-charged ferulic acid least effectively. 28530569 1 2 theme different 168:176 arg1 composites 194:203 different cellulose-based composites 168:203 different cellulose-based composites 168:203 Selected polyphenols exhibited binding selectivity to different cellulose-based composites and apple cell walls. 28530569 2 3 theme polyphenol 372:381 arg1 adsorption 383:392 polyphenol adsorption 372:392 polyphenol adsorption 372:392 For catechin, cellulose is the dominant binding component, whereas hemicelluloses (xyloglucan and arabinoxylan) apparently did not contribute to polyphenol adsorption in the presence of cellulose. 28530569 6 4 theme polymer 1192:1198 arg1 surfaces 1200:1207 polymer surfaces 1192:1207 polymer surfaces 1192:1207 NMR and CLSM analysis support the interactions between polyphenols and plant cell walls and show that although polyphenols are associated with plant cell walls under hydrated conditions, they are not immobilised on polymer surfaces. 28530569 3 5 theme electrostatic 577:589 arg1 interactions 591:602 electrostatic interactions 577:602 electrostatic interactions 577:602 In contrast, ferulic acid and cyanidin-3-glucoside bound to cellulose-based composites and apple cell walls with different affinities, showing that both electrostatic interactions and plant cell wall microstructure were important. 28530569 3 6 theme plant 608:612 arg1 microstructure 624:637 plant cell wall microstructure 608:637 plant cell wall microstructure 608:637 In contrast, ferulic acid and cyanidin-3-glucoside bound to cellulose-based composites and apple cell walls with different affinities, showing that both electrostatic interactions and plant cell wall microstructure were important. 28530569 5 7 theme Langmuir 845:852 arg1 isotherms 862:870 Langmuir binding isotherms 845:870 Langmuir binding isotherms 845:870 Langmuir binding isotherms predicted the maximum amount of adsorbed polyphenols to be in the range of 30-150% plant cell wall mass. 28530569 3 8 theme different 537:545 arg1 affinities 547:556 different affinities 537:556 different affinities 537:556 In contrast, ferulic acid and cyanidin-3-glucoside bound to cellulose-based composites and apple cell walls with different affinities, showing that both electrostatic interactions and plant cell wall microstructure were important. 28530569 3 9 theme cell 521:524 arg1 walls 526:530 apple cell walls 515:530 apple cell walls 515:530 In contrast, ferulic acid and cyanidin-3-glucoside bound to cellulose-based composites and apple cell walls with different affinities, showing that both electrostatic interactions and plant cell wall microstructure were important. 28530569 5 10 theme binding 854:860 arg1 isotherms 862:870 Langmuir binding isotherms 845:870 Langmuir binding isotherms 845:870 Langmuir binding isotherms predicted the maximum amount of adsorbed polyphenols to be in the range of 30-150% plant cell wall mass. 28530569 4 11 theme cyanidin-3-glucoside 762:781 arg1 binding 732:738 the most extensive binding 713:738 the most extensive binding of positively-charged cyanidin-3-glucoside 713:781 Negatively-charged pectin-containing cell walls exhibited the most extensive binding of positively-charged cyanidin-3-glucoside, and bound negatively-charged ferulic acid least effectively. 28530569 5 12 theme cell 961:964 arg1 mass 971:974 30-150% plant cell wall mass 947:974 30-150% plant cell wall mass 947:974 Langmuir binding isotherms predicted the maximum amount of adsorbed polyphenols to be in the range of 30-150% plant cell wall mass. 28530569 6 13 theme cell 1126:1129 arg1 walls 1131:1135 plant cell walls 1120:1135 plant cell walls under hydrated conditions 1120:1161 NMR and CLSM analysis support the interactions between polyphenols and plant cell walls and show that although polyphenols are associated with plant cell walls under hydrated conditions, they are not immobilised on polymer surfaces. 28530569 2 14 theme cellulose 413:421 arg1 presence 401:408 the presence 397:408 the presence of cellulose 397:421 For catechin, cellulose is the dominant binding component, whereas hemicelluloses (xyloglucan and arabinoxylan) apparently did not contribute to polyphenol adsorption in the presence of cellulose. 28530569 3 15 with walls 526:530 arg1 affinities 547:556 different affinities 537:556 different affinities 537:556 In contrast, ferulic acid and cyanidin-3-glucoside bound to cellulose-based composites and apple cell walls with different affinities, showing that both electrostatic interactions and plant cell wall microstructure were important. 28530569 3 16 theme cell 614:617 arg1 microstructure 624:637 plant cell wall microstructure 608:637 plant cell wall microstructure 608:637 In contrast, ferulic acid and cyanidin-3-glucoside bound to cellulose-based composites and apple cell walls with different affinities, showing that both electrostatic interactions and plant cell wall microstructure were important. 28530569 1 17 theme apple 209:213 arg1 walls 220:224 apple cell walls 209:224 apple cell walls 209:224 Selected polyphenols exhibited binding selectivity to different cellulose-based composites and apple cell walls. 28530569 0 18 theme Binding 0:6 arg1 selectivity 8:18 Binding selectivity 0:18 Binding selectivity of dietary polyphenols to different plant cell wall components: Quantification and mechanism. 0:112 Binding selectivity of dietary polyphenols to different plant cell wall components: Quantification and mechanism. 28530569 3 19 theme wall 619:622 arg1 microstructure 624:637 plant cell wall microstructure 608:637 plant cell wall microstructure 608:637 In contrast, ferulic acid and cyanidin-3-glucoside bound to cellulose-based composites and apple cell walls with different affinities, showing that both electrostatic interactions and plant cell wall microstructure were important. 28530569 1 20 theme cell 215:218 arg1 walls 220:224 apple cell walls 209:224 apple cell walls 209:224 Selected polyphenols exhibited binding selectivity to different cellulose-based composites and apple cell walls. 28530569 0 21 theme dietary 23:29 arg1 polyphenols 31:41 dietary polyphenols 23:41 dietary polyphenols 23:41 Binding selectivity of dietary polyphenols to different plant cell wall components: Quantification and mechanism. 28530569 0 22 dep selectivity 8:18 arg1 mechanism 103:111 mechanism 103:111 mechanism 103:111 Binding selectivity of dietary polyphenols to different plant cell wall components: Quantification and mechanism. 28530569 0 22 dep selectivity 8:18 arg1 Quantification 84:97 Quantification 84:97 Quantification 84:97 Binding selectivity of dietary polyphenols to different plant cell wall components: Quantification and mechanism. 28530569 5 23 theme polyphenols 913:923 arg1 polyphenols 913:923 adsorbed polyphenols 904:923 adsorbed polyphenols 904:923 Langmuir binding isotherms predicted the maximum amount of adsorbed polyphenols to be in the range of 30-150% plant cell wall mass. 28530569 5 23 theme polyphenols 913:923 arg1 amount 894:899 the maximum amount 882:899 the maximum amount of adsorbed polyphenols to be in the range of 30-150% plant cell wall mass 882:974 Langmuir binding isotherms predicted the maximum amount of adsorbed polyphenols to be in the range of 30-150% plant cell wall mass. 28530569 1 24 theme cellulose-based 178:192 arg1 composites 194:203 different cellulose-based composites 168:203 different cellulose-based composites 168:203 Selected polyphenols exhibited binding selectivity to different cellulose-based composites and apple cell walls. 28530569 5 25 theme 30-150 947:952 arg1 % 953:953 % 953:953 % 953:953 Langmuir binding isotherms predicted the maximum amount of adsorbed polyphenols to be in the range of 30-150% plant cell wall mass. 28530569 3 26 with composites 500:509 arg1 affinities 547:556 different affinities 537:556 different affinities 537:556 In contrast, ferulic acid and cyanidin-3-glucoside bound to cellulose-based composites and apple cell walls with different affinities, showing that both electrostatic interactions and plant cell wall microstructure were important. 28530569 5 27 theme % 953:953 arg1 mass 971:974 30-150% plant cell wall mass 947:974 30-150% plant cell wall mass 947:974 Langmuir binding isotherms predicted the maximum amount of adsorbed polyphenols to be in the range of 30-150% plant cell wall mass. 28530569 4 28 theme positively-charged 743:760 arg1 cyanidin-3-glucoside 762:781 positively-charged cyanidin-3-glucoside 743:781 positively-charged cyanidin-3-glucoside 743:781 Negatively-charged pectin-containing cell walls exhibited the most extensive binding of positively-charged cyanidin-3-glucoside, and bound negatively-charged ferulic acid least effectively. 28530569 4 29 theme extensive 722:730 arg1 binding 732:738 the most extensive binding 713:738 the most extensive binding of positively-charged cyanidin-3-glucoside 713:781 Negatively-charged pectin-containing cell walls exhibited the most extensive binding of positively-charged cyanidin-3-glucoside, and bound negatively-charged ferulic acid least effectively. 28530569 0 30 theme polyphenols 31:41 arg1 selectivity 8:18 Binding selectivity 0:18 Binding selectivity of dietary polyphenols to different plant cell wall components: Quantification and mechanism. 0:112 Binding selectivity of dietary polyphenols to different plant cell wall components: Quantification and mechanism. 28530569 6 31 theme cell 1054:1057 arg1 walls 1059:1063 plant cell walls 1048:1063 plant cell walls 1048:1063 NMR and CLSM analysis support the interactions between polyphenols and plant cell walls and show that although polyphenols are associated with plant cell walls under hydrated conditions, they are not immobilised on polymer surfaces. 28530569 3 32 theme ferulic 437:443 arg1 acid 445:448 ferulic acid 437:448 ferulic acid 437:448 In contrast, ferulic acid and cyanidin-3-glucoside bound to cellulose-based composites and apple cell walls with different affinities, showing that both electrostatic interactions and plant cell wall microstructure were important. 28530569 3 33 theme cellulose-based 484:498 arg1 composites 500:509 cellulose-based composites 484:509 cellulose-based composites 484:509 In contrast, ferulic acid and cyanidin-3-glucoside bound to cellulose-based composites and apple cell walls with different affinities, showing that both electrostatic interactions and plant cell wall microstructure were important. 28530569 0 34 theme plant 56:60 arg1 components 72:81 different plant cell wall components 46:81 different plant cell wall components 46:81 Binding selectivity of dietary polyphenols to different plant cell wall components: Quantification and mechanism. 28530569 5 35 theme mass 971:974 arg1 range 938:942 the range 934:942 the range of 30-150% plant cell wall mass 934:974 Langmuir binding isotherms predicted the maximum amount of adsorbed polyphenols to be in the range of 30-150% plant cell wall mass. 28530569 1 36 theme Selected 114:121 arg1 polyphenols 123:133 Selected polyphenols 114:133 Selected polyphenols 114:133 Selected polyphenols exhibited binding selectivity to different cellulose-based composites and apple cell walls. 28530569 0 37 theme different 46:54 arg1 components 72:81 different plant cell wall components 46:81 different plant cell wall components 46:81 Binding selectivity of dietary polyphenols to different plant cell wall components: Quantification and mechanism. 28530569 6 38 dep NMR 977:979 arg1 analysis 990:997 analysis 990:997 analysis 990:997 NMR and CLSM analysis support the interactions between polyphenols and plant cell walls and show that although polyphenols are associated with plant cell walls under hydrated conditions, they are not immobilised on polymer surfaces. 28530569 4 39 theme ferulic 813:819 arg1 acid 821:824 negatively-charged ferulic acid 794:824 negatively-charged ferulic acid 794:824 Negatively-charged pectin-containing cell walls exhibited the most extensive binding of positively-charged cyanidin-3-glucoside, and bound negatively-charged ferulic acid least effectively. 28530569 5 40 theme adsorbed 904:911 arg1 polyphenols 913:923 adsorbed polyphenols 904:923 adsorbed polyphenols 904:923 Langmuir binding isotherms predicted the maximum amount of adsorbed polyphenols to be in the range of 30-150% plant cell wall mass. 28530569 3 41 theme apple 515:519 arg1 walls 526:530 apple cell walls 515:530 apple cell walls 515:530 In contrast, ferulic acid and cyanidin-3-glucoside bound to cellulose-based composites and apple cell walls with different affinities, showing that both electrostatic interactions and plant cell wall microstructure were important. 28530569 4 42 theme pectin-containing 674:690 arg1 walls 697:701 Negatively-charged pectin-containing cell walls 655:701 Negatively-charged pectin-containing cell walls 655:701 Negatively-charged pectin-containing cell walls exhibited the most extensive binding of positively-charged cyanidin-3-glucoside, and bound negatively-charged ferulic acid least effectively. 28530569 1 43 theme binding 145:151 arg1 selectivity 153:163 binding selectivity 145:163 binding selectivity 145:163 Selected polyphenols exhibited binding selectivity to different cellulose-based composites and apple cell walls. 28530569 4 44 theme Negatively-charged 655:672 arg1 walls 697:701 Negatively-charged pectin-containing cell walls 655:701 Negatively-charged pectin-containing cell walls 655:701 Negatively-charged pectin-containing cell walls exhibited the most extensive binding of positively-charged cyanidin-3-glucoside, and bound negatively-charged ferulic acid least effectively. 28530569 0 45 theme wall 67:70 arg1 components 72:81 different plant cell wall components 46:81 different plant cell wall components 46:81 Binding selectivity of dietary polyphenols to different plant cell wall components: Quantification and mechanism. 28530569 5 46 theme plant 955:959 arg1 mass 971:974 30-150% plant cell wall mass 947:974 30-150% plant cell wall mass 947:974 Langmuir binding isotherms predicted the maximum amount of adsorbed polyphenols to be in the range of 30-150% plant cell wall mass. 28530569 2 47 theme binding 267:273 arg1 component 275:283 the dominant binding component 254:283 the dominant binding component 254:283 For catechin, cellulose is the dominant binding component, whereas hemicelluloses (xyloglucan and arabinoxylan) apparently did not contribute to polyphenol adsorption in the presence of cellulose. 28530569 2 47 theme binding 267:273 arg1 cellulose 241:249 cellulose 241:249 cellulose 241:249 For catechin, cellulose is the dominant binding component, whereas hemicelluloses (xyloglucan and arabinoxylan) apparently did not contribute to polyphenol adsorption in the presence of cellulose. 28530569 2 48 dep hemicelluloses 294:307 arg1 arabinoxylan 325:336 arabinoxylan 325:336 arabinoxylan 325:336 For catechin, cellulose is the dominant binding component, whereas hemicelluloses (xyloglucan and arabinoxylan) apparently did not contribute to polyphenol adsorption in the presence of cellulose. 28530569 2 48 dep hemicelluloses 294:307 arg1 xyloglucan 310:319 xyloglucan 310:319 xyloglucan 310:319 For catechin, cellulose is the dominant binding component, whereas hemicelluloses (xyloglucan and arabinoxylan) apparently did not contribute to polyphenol adsorption in the presence of cellulose. 28530569 2 48 dep hemicelluloses 294:307 arg1 hemicelluloses 294:307 hemicelluloses 294:307 hemicelluloses (xyloglucan and arabinoxylan) 294:337 For catechin, cellulose is the dominant binding component, whereas hemicelluloses (xyloglucan and arabinoxylan) apparently did not contribute to polyphenol adsorption in the presence of cellulose. 28530569 5 49 theme wall 966:969 arg1 mass 971:974 30-150% plant cell wall mass 947:974 30-150% plant cell wall mass 947:974 Langmuir binding isotherms predicted the maximum amount of adsorbed polyphenols to be in the range of 30-150% plant cell wall mass. 28530569 6 50 theme plant 1120:1124 arg1 walls 1131:1135 plant cell walls 1120:1135 plant cell walls under hydrated conditions 1120:1161 NMR and CLSM analysis support the interactions between polyphenols and plant cell walls and show that although polyphenols are associated with plant cell walls under hydrated conditions, they are not immobilised on polymer surfaces. 28530569 0 51 theme cell 62:65 arg1 components 72:81 different plant cell wall components 46:81 different plant cell wall components 46:81 Binding selectivity of dietary polyphenols to different plant cell wall components: Quantification and mechanism. 28530569 2 52 theme dominant 258:265 arg1 component 275:283 the dominant binding component 254:283 the dominant binding component 254:283 For catechin, cellulose is the dominant binding component, whereas hemicelluloses (xyloglucan and arabinoxylan) apparently did not contribute to polyphenol adsorption in the presence of cellulose. 28530569 2 52 theme dominant 258:265 arg1 cellulose 241:249 cellulose 241:249 cellulose 241:249 For catechin, cellulose is the dominant binding component, whereas hemicelluloses (xyloglucan and arabinoxylan) apparently did not contribute to polyphenol adsorption in the presence of cellulose. 28530569 6 53 theme hydrated 1143:1150 arg1 conditions 1152:1161 hydrated conditions 1143:1161 hydrated conditions 1143:1161 NMR and CLSM analysis support the interactions between polyphenols and plant cell walls and show that although polyphenols are associated with plant cell walls under hydrated conditions, they are not immobilised on polymer surfaces. 28530569 6 54 theme plant 1048:1052 arg1 walls 1059:1063 plant cell walls 1048:1063 plant cell walls 1048:1063 NMR and CLSM analysis support the interactions between polyphenols and plant cell walls and show that although polyphenols are associated with plant cell walls under hydrated conditions, they are not immobilised on polymer surfaces. 28530569 4 55 theme cell 692:695 arg1 walls 697:701 Negatively-charged pectin-containing cell walls 655:701 Negatively-charged pectin-containing cell walls 655:701 Negatively-charged pectin-containing cell walls exhibited the most extensive binding of positively-charged cyanidin-3-glucoside, and bound negatively-charged ferulic acid least effectively. 27338459 4 0 theme HMO 455:457 arg1 composition 459:469 the HMO composition 451:469 the HMO composition of milk from Chinese mothers 451:498 In this cross-sectional observational study, the HMO composition of milk from Chinese mothers was studied to determine the impact of stage of lactation, mode of delivery and geographical location. 27338459 9 1 theme lactation 1294:1302 arg1 stages 1284:1289 early stages 1278:1289 early stages of lactation 1278:1302 Levels of 6'-sialyllactose were higher than those of 3'-sialyllactose at early stages of lactation, but beyond 2-4 months, 3'-sialyllactose was predominant. 27338459 6 2 contain contained 748:756 arg2 levels 758:763 levels 758:763 levels of 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) 758:792 Around 21% of the samples contained levels of 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) below the limit of quantification, which is similar to the frequency of fucosyltransferase-2 non-secretors in other populations, but 2'-FL was detected in all samples. 27338459 6 2 contain contained 748:756 arg1 % 731:731 Around 21% 722:731 Around 21% of the samples 722:746 Around 21% of the samples contained levels of 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) below the limit of quantification, which is similar to the frequency of fucosyltransferase-2 non-secretors in other populations, but 2'-FL was detected in all samples. 27338459 6 2 contain contained 748:756 arg1 samples 740:746 the samples 736:746 the samples 736:746 Around 21% of the samples contained levels of 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) below the limit of quantification, which is similar to the frequency of fucosyltransferase-2 non-secretors in other populations, but 2'-FL was detected in all samples. 27338459 5 3 theme different 695:703 arg1 cities 705:710 three different cities 689:710 three different cities in China 689:719 The content of 10 HMO was measured by HPLC in 446 milk samples from mothers living in three different cities in China. 27338459 4 4 theme milk 474:477 arg1 composition 459:469 the HMO composition 451:469 the HMO composition of milk from Chinese mothers 451:498 In this cross-sectional observational study, the HMO composition of milk from Chinese mothers was studied to determine the impact of stage of lactation, mode of delivery and geographical location. 27338459 6 5 theme 2'-fucosyllactose 768:784 arg1 levels 758:763 levels 758:763 levels of 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) 758:792 Around 21% of the samples contained levels of 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) below the limit of quantification, which is similar to the frequency of fucosyltransferase-2 non-secretors in other populations, but 2'-FL was detected in all samples. 27338459 0 6 theme Urban 77:81 arg1 Mothers 83:89 Chinese Urban Mothers 69:89 Chinese Urban Mothers 69:89 Temporal Change of the Content of 10 Oligosaccharides in the Milk of Chinese Urban Mothers. 27338459 4 7 from composition 459:469 arg1 mothers 492:498 Chinese mothers 484:498 Chinese mothers 484:498 In this cross-sectional observational study, the HMO composition of milk from Chinese mothers was studied to determine the impact of stage of lactation, mode of delivery and geographical location. 27338459 6 8 theme other 904:908 arg1 populations 910:920 other populations 904:920 other populations 904:920 Around 21% of the samples contained levels of 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) below the limit of quantification, which is similar to the frequency of fucosyltransferase-2 non-secretors in other populations, but 2'-FL was detected in all samples. 27338459 0 9 theme Chinese 69:75 arg1 Mothers 83:89 Chinese Urban Mothers 69:89 Chinese Urban Mothers 69:89 Temporal Change of the Content of 10 Oligosaccharides in the Milk of Chinese Urban Mothers. 27338459 4 10 theme stage 539:543 arg1 impact 529:534 the impact 525:534 the impact of stage of lactation, mode of delivery and geographical location 525:600 In this cross-sectional observational study, the HMO composition of milk from Chinese mothers was studied to determine the impact of stage of lactation, mode of delivery and geographical location. 27338459 4 11 theme observational 430:442 arg1 study 444:448 this cross-sectional observational study 409:448 this cross-sectional observational study 409:448 In this cross-sectional observational study, the HMO composition of milk from Chinese mothers was studied to determine the impact of stage of lactation, mode of delivery and geographical location. 27338459 10 12 theme delivery 1378:1385 arg1 mode 1370:1373 mode 1370:1373 mode of delivery 1370:1385 Neither mode of delivery nor geographical location had any impact on HMO composition. 27338459 4 13 theme delivery 567:574 arg1 stage 539:543 stage 539:543 stage of lactation 539:556 In this cross-sectional observational study, the HMO composition of milk from Chinese mothers was studied to determine the impact of stage of lactation, mode of delivery and geographical location. 27338459 4 13 theme delivery 567:574 arg1 location 593:600 geographical location 580:600 geographical location 580:600 In this cross-sectional observational study, the HMO composition of milk from Chinese mothers was studied to determine the impact of stage of lactation, mode of delivery and geographical location. 27338459 4 13 theme delivery 567:574 arg1 mode 559:562 mode 559:562 mode of delivery 559:574 In this cross-sectional observational study, the HMO composition of milk from Chinese mothers was studied to determine the impact of stage of lactation, mode of delivery and geographical location. 27338459 0 14 theme Mothers 83:89 arg1 Milk 61:64 the Milk 57:64 the Milk of Chinese Urban Mothers 57:89 Temporal Change of the Content of 10 Oligosaccharides in the Milk of Chinese Urban Mothers. 27338459 9 15 theme 6'-sialyllactose 1215:1230 arg1 Levels 1205:1210 Levels 1205:1210 Levels of 6'-sialyllactose 1205:1230 Levels of 6'-sialyllactose were higher than those of 3'-sialyllactose at early stages of lactation, but beyond 2-4 months, 3'-sialyllactose was predominant. 27338459 4 16 theme lactation 548:556 arg1 stage 539:543 stage 539:543 stage of lactation 539:556 In this cross-sectional observational study, the HMO composition of milk from Chinese mothers was studied to determine the impact of stage of lactation, mode of delivery and geographical location. 27338459 4 16 theme lactation 548:556 arg1 location 593:600 geographical location 580:600 geographical location 580:600 In this cross-sectional observational study, the HMO composition of milk from Chinese mothers was studied to determine the impact of stage of lactation, mode of delivery and geographical location. 27338459 4 16 theme lactation 548:556 arg1 mode 559:562 mode 559:562 mode of delivery 559:574 In this cross-sectional observational study, the HMO composition of milk from Chinese mothers was studied to determine the impact of stage of lactation, mode of delivery and geographical location. 27338459 3 17 theme breastfeeding 391:403 arg1 benefits 379:386 the benefits 375:386 the benefits of breastfeeding 375:403 They may be partially responsible for the benefits of breastfeeding. 27338459 7 18 theme 3-fucosyllactose 1055:1070 arg1 level 1046:1050 the level 1042:1050 the level of 3-fucosyllactose 1042:1070 Levels of most of the HMO studied decreased during the course of lactation, but the level of 3-fucosyllactose increased. 27338459 0 19 theme Temporal 0:7 arg1 Change 9:14 Temporal Change 0:14 Temporal Change of the Content of 10 0:35 Temporal Change of the Content of 10 Oligosaccharides in the Milk of Chinese Urban Mothers. 27338459 6 20 theme non-secretors 887:899 arg1 frequency 853:861 the frequency 849:861 the frequency of fucosyltransferase-2 non-secretors in other populations 849:920 Around 21% of the samples contained levels of 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) below the limit of quantification, which is similar to the frequency of fucosyltransferase-2 non-secretors in other populations, but 2'-FL was detected in all samples. 27338459 2 21 theme abundant 273:280 arg1 oligosaccharides 231:246 Human milk oligosaccharides 220:246 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) 220:252 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are the third most abundant component of human milk, but are absent from formulae. 27338459 2 21 theme abundant 273:280 arg1 component 282:290 the third most abundant component 258:290 the third most abundant component of human milk 258:304 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are the third most abundant component of human milk, but are absent from formulae. 27338459 8 22 theme 2'-FL 1093:1097 arg1 Levels 1083:1088 Levels 1083:1088 Levels of 2'-FL and 3-fucosyllactose 1083:1118 Levels of 2'-FL and 3-fucosyllactose seem to be strongly correlated, suggesting some sort of mechanism for co-regulation. 27338459 6 23 theme fucosyltransferase-2 866:885 arg1 non-secretors 887:899 fucosyltransferase-2 non-secretors 866:899 fucosyltransferase-2 non-secretors 866:899 Around 21% of the samples contained levels of 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) below the limit of quantification, which is similar to the frequency of fucosyltransferase-2 non-secretors in other populations, but 2'-FL was detected in all samples. 27338459 7 24 theme most 972:975 arg1 Levels 962:967 Levels 962:967 Levels of most of the HMO studied 962:994 Levels of most of the HMO studied decreased during the course of lactation, but the level of 3-fucosyllactose increased. 27338459 1 25 theme improved 159:166 arg1 benefits 178:185 improved cognitive benefits 159:185 improved cognitive benefits 159:185 Breastfed infants tend to be less prone to infections and may have improved cognitive benefits compared to formula-fed infants. 27338459 6 26 located detected 937:944 arg1 samples 953:959 all samples 949:959 all samples 949:959 Around 21% of the samples contained levels of 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) below the limit of quantification, which is similar to the frequency of fucosyltransferase-2 non-secretors in other populations, but 2'-FL was detected in all samples. 27338459 6 26 located detected 937:944 arg2 2'-FL 927:931 2'-FL 927:931 2'-FL 927:931 Around 21% of the samples contained levels of 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) below the limit of quantification, which is similar to the frequency of fucosyltransferase-2 non-secretors in other populations, but 2'-FL was detected in all samples. 27338459 6 27 from frequency 853:861 arg1 populations 910:920 other populations 904:920 other populations 904:920 Around 21% of the samples contained levels of 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) below the limit of quantification, which is similar to the frequency of fucosyltransferase-2 non-secretors in other populations, but 2'-FL was detected in all samples. 27338459 1 28 contain have 154:157 arg2 benefits 178:185 improved cognitive benefits 159:185 improved cognitive benefits 159:185 Breastfed infants tend to be less prone to infections and may have improved cognitive benefits compared to formula-fed infants. 27338459 1 28 contain have 154:157 arg1 infants 102:108 Breastfed infants 92:108 Breastfed infants 92:108 Breastfed infants tend to be less prone to infections and may have improved cognitive benefits compared to formula-fed infants. 27338459 2 29 theme third 262:266 arg1 oligosaccharides 231:246 Human milk oligosaccharides 220:246 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) 220:252 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are the third most abundant component of human milk, but are absent from formulae. 27338459 2 29 theme third 262:266 arg1 component 282:290 the third most abundant component 258:290 the third most abundant component of human milk 258:304 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are the third most abundant component of human milk, but are absent from formulae. 27338459 1 30 theme cognitive 168:176 arg1 benefits 178:185 improved cognitive benefits 159:185 improved cognitive benefits 159:185 Breastfed infants tend to be less prone to infections and may have improved cognitive benefits compared to formula-fed infants. 27338459 8 31 theme 3-fucosyllactose 1103:1118 arg1 Levels 1083:1088 Levels 1083:1088 Levels of 2'-FL and 3-fucosyllactose 1083:1118 Levels of 2'-FL and 3-fucosyllactose seem to be strongly correlated, suggesting some sort of mechanism for co-regulation. 27338459 8 32 theme mechanism 1176:1184 arg1 sort 1168:1171 some sort 1163:1171 some sort of mechanism for co-regulation 1163:1202 Levels of 2'-FL and 3-fucosyllactose seem to be strongly correlated, suggesting some sort of mechanism for co-regulation. 27338459 10 33 theme geographical 1391:1402 arg1 location 1404:1411 geographical location 1391:1411 geographical location 1391:1411 Neither mode of delivery nor geographical location had any impact on HMO composition. 27338459 5 34 from mothers 671:677 arg1 samples 658:664 446 milk samples 649:664 446 milk samples from mothers living in three different cities in China 649:719 The content of 10 HMO was measured by HPLC in 446 milk samples from mothers living in three different cities in China. 27338459 4 35 theme location 593:600 arg1 impact 529:534 the impact 525:534 the impact of stage of lactation, mode of delivery and geographical location 525:600 In this cross-sectional observational study, the HMO composition of milk from Chinese mothers was studied to determine the impact of stage of lactation, mode of delivery and geographical location. 27338459 0 36 theme Content 23:29 arg1 Change 9:14 Temporal Change 0:14 Temporal Change of the Content of 10 0:35 Temporal Change of the Content of 10 Oligosaccharides in the Milk of Chinese Urban Mothers. 27338459 4 37 theme Chinese 484:490 arg1 mothers 492:498 Chinese mothers 484:498 Chinese mothers 484:498 In this cross-sectional observational study, the HMO composition of milk from Chinese mothers was studied to determine the impact of stage of lactation, mode of delivery and geographical location. 27338459 4 38 from mothers 492:498 arg1 composition 459:469 the HMO composition 451:469 the HMO composition of milk from Chinese mothers 451:498 In this cross-sectional observational study, the HMO composition of milk from Chinese mothers was studied to determine the impact of stage of lactation, mode of delivery and geographical location. 27338459 4 38 from mothers 492:498 arg1 milk 474:477 milk 474:477 milk from Chinese mothers 474:498 In this cross-sectional observational study, the HMO composition of milk from Chinese mothers was studied to determine the impact of stage of lactation, mode of delivery and geographical location. 27338459 4 39 theme cross-sectional 414:428 arg1 study 444:448 this cross-sectional observational study 409:448 this cross-sectional observational study 409:448 In this cross-sectional observational study, the HMO composition of milk from Chinese mothers was studied to determine the impact of stage of lactation, mode of delivery and geographical location. 27338459 4 40 theme geographical 580:591 arg1 location 593:600 geographical location 580:600 geographical location 580:600 In this cross-sectional observational study, the HMO composition of milk from Chinese mothers was studied to determine the impact of stage of lactation, mode of delivery and geographical location. 27338459 7 41 theme lactation 1027:1035 arg1 course 1017:1022 the course 1013:1022 the course of lactation 1013:1035 Levels of most of the HMO studied decreased during the course of lactation, but the level of 3-fucosyllactose increased. 27338459 5 42 theme milk 653:656 arg1 samples 658:664 446 milk samples 649:664 446 milk samples from mothers living in three different cities in China 649:719 The content of 10 HMO was measured by HPLC in 446 milk samples from mothers living in three different cities in China. 27338459 10 43 theme HMO 1431:1433 arg1 composition 1435:1445 HMO composition 1431:1445 HMO composition 1431:1445 Neither mode of delivery nor geographical location had any impact on HMO composition. 27338459 2 44 from formulae 327:334 arg1 absent 315:320 absent 315:320 absent 315:320 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are the third most abundant component of human milk, but are absent from formulae. 27338459 1 45 theme Breastfed 92:100 arg1 infants 102:108 Breastfed infants 92:108 Breastfed infants 92:108 Breastfed infants tend to be less prone to infections and may have improved cognitive benefits compared to formula-fed infants. 27338459 0 46 theme 10 34:35 arg1 Content 23:29 the Content 19:29 the Content of 10 19:35 Temporal Change of the Content of 10 Oligosaccharides in the Milk of Chinese Urban Mothers. 27338459 9 47 theme early 1278:1282 arg1 stages 1284:1289 early stages 1278:1289 early stages of lactation 1278:1302 Levels of 6'-sialyllactose were higher than those of 3'-sialyllactose at early stages of lactation, but beyond 2-4 months, 3'-sialyllactose was predominant. 27338459 5 48 theme HMO 621:623 arg1 content 607:613 The content 603:613 The content of 10 HMO 603:623 The content of 10 HMO was measured by HPLC in 446 milk samples from mothers living in three different cities in China. 27338459 6 49 theme quantification 813:826 arg1 limit 804:808 the limit 800:808 the limit of quantification, which is similar to the frequency of fucosyltransferase-2 non-secretors in other populations 800:920 Around 21% of the samples contained levels of 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) below the limit of quantification, which is similar to the frequency of fucosyltransferase-2 non-secretors in other populations, but 2'-FL was detected in all samples. 27338459 2 50 theme milk 301:304 arg1 oligosaccharides 231:246 Human milk oligosaccharides 220:246 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) 220:252 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are the third most abundant component of human milk, but are absent from formulae. 27338459 2 50 theme milk 301:304 arg1 component 282:290 the third most abundant component 258:290 the third most abundant component of human milk 258:304 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are the third most abundant component of human milk, but are absent from formulae. 27338459 2 51 theme human 295:299 arg1 milk 301:304 human milk 295:304 human milk 295:304 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are the third most abundant component of human milk, but are absent from formulae. 27338459 6 52 theme samples 740:746 arg1 % 731:731 Around 21% 722:731 Around 21% of the samples 722:746 Around 21% of the samples contained levels of 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) below the limit of quantification, which is similar to the frequency of fucosyltransferase-2 non-secretors in other populations, but 2'-FL was detected in all samples. 27338459 6 52 theme samples 740:746 arg1 samples 740:746 the samples 736:746 the samples 736:746 Around 21% of the samples contained levels of 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) below the limit of quantification, which is similar to the frequency of fucosyltransferase-2 non-secretors in other populations, but 2'-FL was detected in all samples. 27338459 10 53 contain had 1413:1415 arg1 location 1404:1411 geographical location 1391:1411 geographical location 1391:1411 Neither mode of delivery nor geographical location had any impact on HMO composition. 27338459 10 53 contain had 1413:1415 arg1 mode 1370:1373 mode 1370:1373 mode of delivery 1370:1385 Neither mode of delivery nor geographical location had any impact on HMO composition. 27338459 10 53 contain had 1413:1415 arg2 impact 1421:1426 any impact 1417:1426 any impact 1417:1426 Neither mode of delivery nor geographical location had any impact on HMO composition. 27338459 1 54 theme formula-fed 199:209 arg1 infants 211:217 formula-fed infants 199:217 formula-fed infants 199:217 Breastfed infants tend to be less prone to infections and may have improved cognitive benefits compared to formula-fed infants. 27338459 2 55 theme milk 226:229 arg1 HMO 249:251 HMO 249:251 HMO 249:251 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are the third most abundant component of human milk, but are absent from formulae. 27338459 2 55 theme milk 226:229 arg1 oligosaccharides 231:246 Human milk oligosaccharides 220:246 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) 220:252 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are the third most abundant component of human milk, but are absent from formulae. 27338459 2 55 theme milk 226:229 arg1 component 282:290 the third most abundant component 258:290 the third most abundant component of human milk 258:304 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are the third most abundant component of human milk, but are absent from formulae. 27338459 5 56 from cities 705:710 arg1 China 715:719 China 715:719 China 715:719 The content of 10 HMO was measured by HPLC in 446 milk samples from mothers living in three different cities in China. 27338459 2 57 theme Human 220:224 arg1 HMO 249:251 HMO 249:251 HMO 249:251 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are the third most abundant component of human milk, but are absent from formulae. 27338459 2 57 theme Human 220:224 arg1 oligosaccharides 231:246 Human milk oligosaccharides 220:246 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) 220:252 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are the third most abundant component of human milk, but are absent from formulae. 27338459 2 57 theme Human 220:224 arg1 component 282:290 the third most abundant component 258:290 the third most abundant component of human milk 258:304 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are the third most abundant component of human milk, but are absent from formulae. 27338459 4 58 theme mode 559:562 arg1 impact 529:534 the impact 525:534 the impact of stage of lactation, mode of delivery and geographical location 525:600 In this cross-sectional observational study, the HMO composition of milk from Chinese mothers was studied to determine the impact of stage of lactation, mode of delivery and geographical location. 27936240 9 0 from enrichment 1665:1674 arg1 species 1679:1685 species 1679:1685 species with high biomass degrading capacity 1679:1722 Composting-like conditions were found to be the most successful method for enrichment in species with high biomass degrading capacity. 27936240 4 1 theme wheat 750:754 arg1 straw 756:760 thermo-chemically pretreated wheat straw 721:760 thermo-chemically pretreated wheat straw 721:760 In order to identify such enzymes, a leaf and wood chip compost was enriched on a mixture of thermo-chemically pretreated wheat straw, poplar and Miscanthus under thermophile conditions, but in two different set-ups. 27936240 3 2 theme Adapted 449:455 arg1 communities 481:491 Adapted, thermophilic microbial communities 449:491 Adapted, thermophilic microbial communities 449:491 Adapted, thermophilic microbial communities provide a huge reservoir of potentially interesting lignocellulose-degrading enzymes for improvement of the cellulose hydrolysis step. 27936240 1 3 theme lignocellulosic 188:202 arg1 biomass 204:210 lignocellulosic biomass 188:210 lignocellulosic biomass 188:210 Cost-effective biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass depends on efficient degradation of the plant cell wall. 27936240 9 4 theme high 1692:1695 arg1 capacity 1715:1722 high biomass degrading capacity 1692:1722 high biomass degrading capacity 1692:1722 Composting-like conditions were found to be the most successful method for enrichment in species with high biomass degrading capacity. 27936240 0 5 theme Organisms 78:86 arg1 Diversity 65:73 Diversity 65:73 Diversity 65:73 Composting-Like Conditions Are More Efficient for Enrichment and Diversity of Organisms Containing Cellulase-Encoding Genes than Submerged Cultures. 27936240 0 5 theme Organisms 78:86 arg1 Enrichment 50:59 Enrichment 50:59 Enrichment 50:59 Composting-Like Conditions Are More Efficient for Enrichment and Diversity of Organisms Containing Cellulase-Encoding Genes than Submerged Cultures. 27936240 6 6 theme high 1147:1150 arg1 number 1152:1157 a high number 1145:1157 a high number 1145:1157 However, mimicking composting conditions without liquid phase yielded a high number and diversity of glycoside hydrolase genes and an enrichment of genes encoding cellulose binding domains. 27936240 3 7 theme enzymes 570:576 arg1 reservoir 508:516 a huge reservoir 501:516 a huge reservoir of potentially interesting lignocellulose-degrading enzymes for improvement of the cellulose hydrolysis step 501:625 Adapted, thermophilic microbial communities provide a huge reservoir of potentially interesting lignocellulose-degrading enzymes for improvement of the cellulose hydrolysis step. 27936240 6 8 theme hydrolase 1186:1194 arg1 genes 1196:1200 glycoside hydrolase genes 1176:1200 glycoside hydrolase genes 1176:1200 However, mimicking composting conditions without liquid phase yielded a high number and diversity of glycoside hydrolase genes and an enrichment of genes encoding cellulose binding domains. 27936240 4 9 theme different 826:834 arg1 set-ups 836:842 two different set-ups 822:842 two different set-ups 822:842 In order to identify such enzymes, a leaf and wood chip compost was enriched on a mixture of thermo-chemically pretreated wheat straw, poplar and Miscanthus under thermophile conditions, but in two different set-ups. 27936240 9 10 with species 1679:1685 arg1 capacity 1715:1722 high biomass degrading capacity 1692:1722 high biomass degrading capacity 1692:1722 Composting-like conditions were found to be the most successful method for enrichment in species with high biomass degrading capacity. 27936240 1 11 from biomass 204:210 arg1 production 172:181 Cost-effective biofuel production 149:181 Cost-effective biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass 149:210 Cost-effective biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass depends on efficient degradation of the plant cell wall. 27936240 3 12 theme cellulose 601:609 arg1 step 622:625 the cellulose hydrolysis step 597:625 the cellulose hydrolysis step 597:625 Adapted, thermophilic microbial communities provide a huge reservoir of potentially interesting lignocellulose-degrading enzymes for improvement of the cellulose hydrolysis step. 27936240 4 13 theme thermophile 791:801 arg1 conditions 803:812 thermophile conditions 791:812 thermophile conditions 791:812 In order to identify such enzymes, a leaf and wood chip compost was enriched on a mixture of thermo-chemically pretreated wheat straw, poplar and Miscanthus under thermophile conditions, but in two different set-ups. 27936240 5 14 theme cellulase- 1030:1039 arg1 genes 1068:1072 putative cellulase- and hemicellulase-encoding genes 1021:1072 putative cellulase- and hemicellulase-encoding genes 1021:1072 Unexpectedly, metagenome sequencing revealed that incubation of the lignocellulosic substrate with compost as inoculum in a suspension culture resulted in an impoverishment of putative cellulase- and hemicellulase-encoding genes. 27936240 0 15 theme Cellulase-Encoding 99:116 arg1 Genes 118:122 Cellulase-Encoding Genes 99:122 Cellulase-Encoding Genes than Submerged Cultures 99:146 Composting-Like Conditions Are More Efficient for Enrichment and Diversity of Organisms Containing Cellulase-Encoding Genes than Submerged Cultures. 27936240 9 16 theme degrading 1705:1713 arg1 capacity 1715:1722 high biomass degrading capacity 1692:1722 high biomass degrading capacity 1692:1722 Composting-like conditions were found to be the most successful method for enrichment in species with high biomass degrading capacity. 27936240 3 17 theme hydrolysis 611:620 arg1 step 622:625 the cellulose hydrolysis step 597:625 the cellulose hydrolysis step 597:625 Adapted, thermophilic microbial communities provide a huge reservoir of potentially interesting lignocellulose-degrading enzymes for improvement of the cellulose hydrolysis step. 27936240 8 18 theme enrichment 1496:1505 arg1 set-up 1507:1512 an enrichment set-up 1493:1512 an enrichment set-up 1493:1512 The study highlights that subtle changes in an enrichment set-up can have an important impact on composition and functions of the microcosm. 27936240 2 19 theme used 383:386 arg1 enzymes 395:401 currently used fungal enzymes 373:401 currently used fungal enzymes 373:401 One of the major obstacles for the development of a cost-efficient process is the lack of resistance of currently used fungal enzymes to harsh conditions such as high temperature. 27936240 4 20 from mixture 710:716 arg1 set-ups 836:842 two different set-ups 822:842 two different set-ups 822:842 In order to identify such enzymes, a leaf and wood chip compost was enriched on a mixture of thermo-chemically pretreated wheat straw, poplar and Miscanthus under thermophile conditions, but in two different set-ups. 27936240 4 21 theme poplar 763:768 arg1 mixture 710:716 a mixture 708:716 a mixture of thermo-chemically pretreated wheat straw, poplar and Miscanthus under thermophile conditions, but in two different set-ups 708:842 In order to identify such enzymes, a leaf and wood chip compost was enriched on a mixture of thermo-chemically pretreated wheat straw, poplar and Miscanthus under thermophile conditions, but in two different set-ups. 27936240 0 22 theme Submerged 129:137 arg1 Cultures 139:146 Submerged Cultures 129:146 Submerged Cultures 129:146 Composting-Like Conditions Are More Efficient for Enrichment and Diversity of Organisms Containing Cellulase-Encoding Genes than Submerged Cultures. 27936240 6 23 theme genes 1223:1227 arg1 enrichment 1209:1218 an enrichment 1206:1218 an enrichment of genes encoding cellulose binding domains 1206:1262 However, mimicking composting conditions without liquid phase yielded a high number and diversity of glycoside hydrolase genes and an enrichment of genes encoding cellulose binding domains. 27936240 6 23 theme genes 1223:1227 arg1 diversity 1163:1171 diversity 1163:1171 diversity 1163:1171 However, mimicking composting conditions without liquid phase yielded a high number and diversity of glycoside hydrolase genes and an enrichment of genes encoding cellulose binding domains. 27936240 6 23 theme genes 1223:1227 arg1 number 1152:1157 a high number 1145:1157 a high number 1145:1157 However, mimicking composting conditions without liquid phase yielded a high number and diversity of glycoside hydrolase genes and an enrichment of genes encoding cellulose binding domains. 27936240 4 24 theme wood 674:677 arg1 compost 684:690 a leaf and wood chip compost 663:690 compost 684:690 In order to identify such enzymes, a leaf and wood chip compost was enriched on a mixture of thermo-chemically pretreated wheat straw, poplar and Miscanthus under thermophile conditions, but in two different set-ups. 27936240 5 25 theme hemicellulase-encoding 1045:1066 arg1 genes 1068:1072 putative cellulase- and hemicellulase-encoding genes 1021:1072 putative cellulase- and hemicellulase-encoding genes 1021:1072 Unexpectedly, metagenome sequencing revealed that incubation of the lignocellulosic substrate with compost as inoculum in a suspension culture resulted in an impoverishment of putative cellulase- and hemicellulase-encoding genes. 27936240 2 26 theme harsh 406:410 arg1 conditions 412:421 harsh conditions 406:421 harsh conditions such as high temperature 406:446 One of the major obstacles for the development of a cost-efficient process is the lack of resistance of currently used fungal enzymes to harsh conditions such as high temperature. 27936240 2 26 theme harsh 406:410 arg1 temperature 436:446 high temperature 431:446 high temperature 431:446 One of the major obstacles for the development of a cost-efficient process is the lack of resistance of currently used fungal enzymes to harsh conditions such as high temperature. 27936240 5 27 theme lignocellulosic 913:927 arg1 substrate 929:937 the lignocellulosic substrate 909:937 the lignocellulosic substrate 909:937 Unexpectedly, metagenome sequencing revealed that incubation of the lignocellulosic substrate with compost as inoculum in a suspension culture resulted in an impoverishment of putative cellulase- and hemicellulase-encoding genes. 27936240 4 28 theme such 649:652 arg1 enzymes 654:660 such enzymes 649:660 such enzymes 649:660 In order to identify such enzymes, a leaf and wood chip compost was enriched on a mixture of thermo-chemically pretreated wheat straw, poplar and Miscanthus under thermophile conditions, but in two different set-ups. 27936240 8 29 contain have 1518:1521 arg2 impact 1536:1541 an important impact 1523:1541 an important impact 1523:1541 The study highlights that subtle changes in an enrichment set-up can have an important impact on composition and functions of the microcosm. 27936240 8 29 contain have 1518:1521 arg1 changes 1482:1488 subtle changes 1475:1488 subtle changes in an enrichment set-up 1475:1512 The study highlights that subtle changes in an enrichment set-up can have an important impact on composition and functions of the microcosm. 27936240 5 30 theme metagenome 859:868 arg1 sequencing 870:879 metagenome sequencing 859:879 metagenome sequencing 859:879 Unexpectedly, metagenome sequencing revealed that incubation of the lignocellulosic substrate with compost as inoculum in a suspension culture resulted in an impoverishment of putative cellulase- and hemicellulase-encoding genes. 27936240 6 31 theme glycoside 1176:1184 arg1 genes 1196:1200 glycoside hydrolase genes 1176:1200 glycoside hydrolase genes 1176:1200 However, mimicking composting conditions without liquid phase yielded a high number and diversity of glycoside hydrolase genes and an enrichment of genes encoding cellulose binding domains. 27936240 3 32 theme microbial 471:479 arg1 communities 481:491 Adapted, thermophilic microbial communities 449:491 Adapted, thermophilic microbial communities 449:491 Adapted, thermophilic microbial communities provide a huge reservoir of potentially interesting lignocellulose-degrading enzymes for improvement of the cellulose hydrolysis step. 27936240 7 33 theme identified 1271:1280 arg1 genes 1282:1286 These identified genes 1265:1286 These identified genes 1265:1286 These identified genes were most closely related to species from Actinobacteria, which seem to constitute important players of lignocellulose degradation under the applied conditions. 27936240 8 34 theme important 1526:1534 arg1 impact 1536:1541 an important impact 1523:1541 an important impact 1523:1541 The study highlights that subtle changes in an enrichment set-up can have an important impact on composition and functions of the microcosm. 27936240 7 35 theme lignocellulose 1392:1405 arg1 degradation 1407:1417 lignocellulose degradation 1392:1417 lignocellulose degradation 1392:1417 These identified genes were most closely related to species from Actinobacteria, which seem to constitute important players of lignocellulose degradation under the applied conditions. 27936240 9 36 theme successful 1643:1652 arg1 conditions 1606:1615 Composting-like conditions 1590:1615 Composting-like conditions 1590:1615 Composting-like conditions were found to be the most successful method for enrichment in species with high biomass degrading capacity. 27936240 9 36 theme successful 1643:1652 arg1 method 1654:1659 the most successful method 1634:1659 the most successful method for enrichment in species with high biomass degrading capacity 1634:1722 Composting-like conditions were found to be the most successful method for enrichment in species with high biomass degrading capacity. 27936240 7 37 theme important 1371:1379 arg1 players 1381:1387 important players 1371:1387 important players of lignocellulose degradation 1371:1417 These identified genes were most closely related to species from Actinobacteria, which seem to constitute important players of lignocellulose degradation under the applied conditions. 27936240 1 38 theme efficient 223:231 arg1 degradation 233:243 efficient degradation 223:243 efficient degradation of the plant cell wall 223:266 Cost-effective biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass depends on efficient degradation of the plant cell wall. 27936240 0 39 theme Composting-Like 0:14 arg1 Conditions 16:25 Composting-Like Conditions 0:25 Composting-Like Conditions 0:25 Composting-Like Conditions Are More Efficient for Enrichment and Diversity of Organisms Containing Cellulase-Encoding Genes than Submerged Cultures. 27936240 7 40 from Actinobacteria 1330:1343 arg1 species 1317:1323 species 1317:1323 species from Actinobacteria, which seem to constitute important players of lignocellulose degradation under the applied conditions 1317:1446 These identified genes were most closely related to species from Actinobacteria, which seem to constitute important players of lignocellulose degradation under the applied conditions. 27936240 4 41 theme Miscanthus 774:783 arg1 mixture 710:716 a mixture 708:716 a mixture of thermo-chemically pretreated wheat straw, poplar and Miscanthus under thermophile conditions, but in two different set-ups 708:842 In order to identify such enzymes, a leaf and wood chip compost was enriched on a mixture of thermo-chemically pretreated wheat straw, poplar and Miscanthus under thermophile conditions, but in two different set-ups. 27936240 4 42 theme pretreated 739:748 arg1 straw 756:760 thermo-chemically pretreated wheat straw 721:760 thermo-chemically pretreated wheat straw 721:760 In order to identify such enzymes, a leaf and wood chip compost was enriched on a mixture of thermo-chemically pretreated wheat straw, poplar and Miscanthus under thermophile conditions, but in two different set-ups. 27936240 2 43 theme process 336:342 arg1 development 304:314 the development 300:314 the development of a cost-efficient process 300:342 One of the major obstacles for the development of a cost-efficient process is the lack of resistance of currently used fungal enzymes to harsh conditions such as high temperature. 27936240 5 44 theme putative 1021:1028 arg1 genes 1068:1072 putative cellulase- and hemicellulase-encoding genes 1021:1072 putative cellulase- and hemicellulase-encoding genes 1021:1072 Unexpectedly, metagenome sequencing revealed that incubation of the lignocellulosic substrate with compost as inoculum in a suspension culture resulted in an impoverishment of putative cellulase- and hemicellulase-encoding genes. 27936240 4 45 theme chip 679:682 arg1 compost 684:690 a leaf and wood chip compost 663:690 compost 684:690 In order to identify such enzymes, a leaf and wood chip compost was enriched on a mixture of thermo-chemically pretreated wheat straw, poplar and Miscanthus under thermophile conditions, but in two different set-ups. 27936240 6 46 theme binding 1248:1254 arg1 domains 1256:1262 cellulose binding domains 1238:1262 cellulose binding domains 1238:1262 However, mimicking composting conditions without liquid phase yielded a high number and diversity of glycoside hydrolase genes and an enrichment of genes encoding cellulose binding domains. 27936240 8 47 theme subtle 1475:1480 arg1 changes 1482:1488 subtle changes 1475:1488 subtle changes in an enrichment set-up 1475:1512 The study highlights that subtle changes in an enrichment set-up can have an important impact on composition and functions of the microcosm. 27936240 2 48 theme cost-efficient 321:334 arg1 process 336:342 a cost-efficient process 319:342 a cost-efficient process 319:342 One of the major obstacles for the development of a cost-efficient process is the lack of resistance of currently used fungal enzymes to harsh conditions such as high temperature. 27936240 3 49 theme huge 503:506 arg1 reservoir 508:516 a huge reservoir 501:516 a huge reservoir of potentially interesting lignocellulose-degrading enzymes for improvement of the cellulose hydrolysis step 501:625 Adapted, thermophilic microbial communities provide a huge reservoir of potentially interesting lignocellulose-degrading enzymes for improvement of the cellulose hydrolysis step. 27936240 3 50 theme lignocellulose-degrading 545:568 arg1 enzymes 570:576 potentially interesting lignocellulose-degrading enzymes 521:576 potentially interesting lignocellulose-degrading enzymes 521:576 Adapted, thermophilic microbial communities provide a huge reservoir of potentially interesting lignocellulose-degrading enzymes for improvement of the cellulose hydrolysis step. 27936240 3 51 theme interesting 533:543 arg1 enzymes 570:576 potentially interesting lignocellulose-degrading enzymes 521:576 potentially interesting lignocellulose-degrading enzymes 521:576 Adapted, thermophilic microbial communities provide a huge reservoir of potentially interesting lignocellulose-degrading enzymes for improvement of the cellulose hydrolysis step. 27936240 8 52 from changes 1482:1488 arg1 set-up 1507:1512 an enrichment set-up 1493:1512 an enrichment set-up 1493:1512 The study highlights that subtle changes in an enrichment set-up can have an important impact on composition and functions of the microcosm. 27936240 1 53 theme plant 252:256 arg1 wall 263:266 the plant cell wall 248:266 the plant cell wall 248:266 Cost-effective biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass depends on efficient degradation of the plant cell wall. 27936240 3 54 dep Adapted 449:455 arg1 thermophilic 458:469 thermophilic 458:469 thermophilic 458:469 Adapted, thermophilic microbial communities provide a huge reservoir of potentially interesting lignocellulose-degrading enzymes for improvement of the cellulose hydrolysis step. 27936240 7 55 theme degradation 1407:1417 arg1 players 1381:1387 important players 1371:1387 important players of lignocellulose degradation 1371:1417 These identified genes were most closely related to species from Actinobacteria, which seem to constitute important players of lignocellulose degradation under the applied conditions. 27936240 2 56 theme high 431:434 arg1 temperature 436:446 high temperature 431:446 high temperature 431:446 One of the major obstacles for the development of a cost-efficient process is the lack of resistance of currently used fungal enzymes to harsh conditions such as high temperature. 27936240 6 57 theme liquid 1124:1129 arg1 phase 1131:1135 liquid phase 1124:1135 liquid phase 1124:1135 However, mimicking composting conditions without liquid phase yielded a high number and diversity of glycoside hydrolase genes and an enrichment of genes encoding cellulose binding domains. 27936240 5 58 theme substrate 929:937 arg1 incubation 895:904 incubation 895:904 incubation of the lignocellulosic substrate with compost as inoculum in a suspension culture 895:986 Unexpectedly, metagenome sequencing revealed that incubation of the lignocellulosic substrate with compost as inoculum in a suspension culture resulted in an impoverishment of putative cellulase- and hemicellulase-encoding genes. 27936240 5 59 with incubation 895:904 arg1 compost 944:950 compost 944:950 compost as inoculum in a suspension culture 944:986 Unexpectedly, metagenome sequencing revealed that incubation of the lignocellulosic substrate with compost as inoculum in a suspension culture resulted in an impoverishment of putative cellulase- and hemicellulase-encoding genes. 27936240 1 60 theme cell 258:261 arg1 wall 263:266 the plant cell wall 248:266 the plant cell wall 248:266 Cost-effective biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass depends on efficient degradation of the plant cell wall. 27936240 9 61 theme biomass 1697:1703 arg1 capacity 1715:1722 high biomass degrading capacity 1692:1722 high biomass degrading capacity 1692:1722 Composting-like conditions were found to be the most successful method for enrichment in species with high biomass degrading capacity. 27936240 9 62 theme Composting-like 1590:1604 arg1 method 1654:1659 the most successful method 1634:1659 the most successful method for enrichment in species with high biomass degrading capacity 1634:1722 Composting-like conditions were found to be the most successful method for enrichment in species with high biomass degrading capacity. 27936240 9 62 theme Composting-like 1590:1604 arg1 conditions 1606:1615 Composting-like conditions 1590:1615 Composting-like conditions 1590:1615 Composting-like conditions were found to be the most successful method for enrichment in species with high biomass degrading capacity. 27936240 5 63 theme suspension 969:978 arg1 culture 980:986 a suspension culture 967:986 a suspension culture 967:986 Unexpectedly, metagenome sequencing revealed that incubation of the lignocellulosic substrate with compost as inoculum in a suspension culture resulted in an impoverishment of putative cellulase- and hemicellulase-encoding genes. 27936240 6 64 theme cellulose 1238:1246 arg1 domains 1256:1262 cellulose binding domains 1238:1262 cellulose binding domains 1238:1262 However, mimicking composting conditions without liquid phase yielded a high number and diversity of glycoside hydrolase genes and an enrichment of genes encoding cellulose binding domains. 27936240 2 65 theme resistance 359:368 arg1 One 269:271 One 269:271 One 269:271 One of the major obstacles for the development of a cost-efficient process is the lack of resistance of currently used fungal enzymes to harsh conditions such as high temperature. 27936240 2 65 theme resistance 359:368 arg1 lack 351:354 the lack 347:354 the lack of resistance of currently used fungal enzymes to harsh conditions such as high temperature 347:446 One of the major obstacles for the development of a cost-efficient process is the lack of resistance of currently used fungal enzymes to harsh conditions such as high temperature. 27936240 2 65 theme resistance 359:368 arg1 obstacles 286:294 the major obstacles 276:294 the major obstacles for the development of a cost-efficient process 276:342 One of the major obstacles for the development of a cost-efficient process is the lack of resistance of currently used fungal enzymes to harsh conditions such as high temperature. 27936240 8 66 theme microcosm 1579:1587 arg1 functions 1562:1570 functions 1562:1570 functions 1562:1570 The study highlights that subtle changes in an enrichment set-up can have an important impact on composition and functions of the microcosm. 27936240 8 66 theme microcosm 1579:1587 arg1 composition 1546:1556 composition 1546:1556 composition 1546:1556 The study highlights that subtle changes in an enrichment set-up can have an important impact on composition and functions of the microcosm. 27936240 1 67 theme Cost-effective 149:162 arg1 production 172:181 Cost-effective biofuel production 149:181 Cost-effective biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass 149:210 Cost-effective biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass depends on efficient degradation of the plant cell wall. 27936240 3 68 theme step 622:625 arg1 improvement 582:592 improvement 582:592 improvement of the cellulose hydrolysis step 582:625 Adapted, thermophilic microbial communities provide a huge reservoir of potentially interesting lignocellulose-degrading enzymes for improvement of the cellulose hydrolysis step. 27936240 1 69 theme wall 263:266 arg1 degradation 233:243 efficient degradation 223:243 efficient degradation of the plant cell wall 223:266 Cost-effective biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass depends on efficient degradation of the plant cell wall. 27936240 5 70 theme genes 1068:1072 arg1 impoverishment 1003:1016 an impoverishment 1000:1016 an impoverishment of putative cellulase- and hemicellulase-encoding genes 1000:1072 Unexpectedly, metagenome sequencing revealed that incubation of the lignocellulosic substrate with compost as inoculum in a suspension culture resulted in an impoverishment of putative cellulase- and hemicellulase-encoding genes. 27936240 2 71 theme obstacles 286:294 arg1 One 269:271 One 269:271 One 269:271 One of the major obstacles for the development of a cost-efficient process is the lack of resistance of currently used fungal enzymes to harsh conditions such as high temperature. 27936240 2 71 theme obstacles 286:294 arg1 lack 351:354 the lack 347:354 the lack of resistance of currently used fungal enzymes to harsh conditions such as high temperature 347:446 One of the major obstacles for the development of a cost-efficient process is the lack of resistance of currently used fungal enzymes to harsh conditions such as high temperature. 27936240 2 71 theme obstacles 286:294 arg1 obstacles 286:294 the major obstacles 276:294 the major obstacles for the development of a cost-efficient process 276:342 One of the major obstacles for the development of a cost-efficient process is the lack of resistance of currently used fungal enzymes to harsh conditions such as high temperature. 27936240 1 72 theme biofuel 164:170 arg1 production 172:181 Cost-effective biofuel production 149:181 Cost-effective biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass 149:210 Cost-effective biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass depends on efficient degradation of the plant cell wall. 27936240 7 73 theme applied 1429:1435 arg1 conditions 1437:1446 the applied conditions 1425:1446 the applied conditions 1425:1446 These identified genes were most closely related to species from Actinobacteria, which seem to constitute important players of lignocellulose degradation under the applied conditions. 27936240 6 74 theme genes 1196:1200 arg1 enrichment 1209:1218 an enrichment 1206:1218 an enrichment of genes encoding cellulose binding domains 1206:1262 However, mimicking composting conditions without liquid phase yielded a high number and diversity of glycoside hydrolase genes and an enrichment of genes encoding cellulose binding domains. 27936240 6 74 theme genes 1196:1200 arg1 diversity 1163:1171 diversity 1163:1171 diversity 1163:1171 However, mimicking composting conditions without liquid phase yielded a high number and diversity of glycoside hydrolase genes and an enrichment of genes encoding cellulose binding domains. 27936240 6 74 theme genes 1196:1200 arg1 number 1152:1157 a high number 1145:1157 a high number 1145:1157 However, mimicking composting conditions without liquid phase yielded a high number and diversity of glycoside hydrolase genes and an enrichment of genes encoding cellulose binding domains. 27936240 2 75 theme major 280:284 arg1 obstacles 286:294 the major obstacles 276:294 the major obstacles for the development of a cost-efficient process 276:342 One of the major obstacles for the development of a cost-efficient process is the lack of resistance of currently used fungal enzymes to harsh conditions such as high temperature. 27936240 5 76 from compost 944:950 arg1 culture 980:986 a suspension culture 967:986 a suspension culture 967:986 Unexpectedly, metagenome sequencing revealed that incubation of the lignocellulosic substrate with compost as inoculum in a suspension culture resulted in an impoverishment of putative cellulase- and hemicellulase-encoding genes. 27936240 2 77 theme enzymes 395:401 arg1 resistance 359:368 resistance 359:368 resistance of currently used fungal enzymes to harsh conditions such as high temperature 359:446 One of the major obstacles for the development of a cost-efficient process is the lack of resistance of currently used fungal enzymes to harsh conditions such as high temperature. 27936240 4 78 from straw 756:760 arg1 set-ups 836:842 two different set-ups 822:842 two different set-ups 822:842 In order to identify such enzymes, a leaf and wood chip compost was enriched on a mixture of thermo-chemically pretreated wheat straw, poplar and Miscanthus under thermophile conditions, but in two different set-ups. 27936240 6 79 theme composting 1094:1103 arg1 conditions 1105:1114 composting conditions 1094:1114 composting conditions 1094:1114 However, mimicking composting conditions without liquid phase yielded a high number and diversity of glycoside hydrolase genes and an enrichment of genes encoding cellulose binding domains. 27936240 4 80 from set-ups 836:842 arg1 mixture 710:716 a mixture 708:716 a mixture of thermo-chemically pretreated wheat straw, poplar and Miscanthus under thermophile conditions, but in two different set-ups 708:842 In order to identify such enzymes, a leaf and wood chip compost was enriched on a mixture of thermo-chemically pretreated wheat straw, poplar and Miscanthus under thermophile conditions, but in two different set-ups. 27936240 2 81 theme fungal 388:393 arg1 enzymes 395:401 currently used fungal enzymes 373:401 currently used fungal enzymes 373:401 One of the major obstacles for the development of a cost-efficient process is the lack of resistance of currently used fungal enzymes to harsh conditions such as high temperature. 27936240 4 82 theme straw 756:760 arg1 mixture 710:716 a mixture 708:716 a mixture of thermo-chemically pretreated wheat straw, poplar and Miscanthus under thermophile conditions, but in two different set-ups 708:842 In order to identify such enzymes, a leaf and wood chip compost was enriched on a mixture of thermo-chemically pretreated wheat straw, poplar and Miscanthus under thermophile conditions, but in two different set-ups. 24523336 11 0 theme tissues 1449:1455 arg1 structure 1436:1444 the structure 1432:1444 the structure of tissues beneath the burn 1432:1472 The final result of the application of chitosan film is to achieve full epithelialization, preserve the structure of tissues beneath the burn and prevent getting scars. 24523336 7 1 with experiment 817:826 arg1 burns 878:882 the chemical burns 865:882 the chemical burns of third-degree (IIIA degree) 865:912 We performed the experiment on 60 young rats (3 months old) with the chemical burns of third-degree (IIIA degree) to study the morphofunctional features of skin regeneration. 24523336 10 2 theme chitosan 1272:1279 arg1 membrane 1281:1288 the chitosan membrane 1268:1288 the chitosan membrane 1268:1288 The results confirmed that earlier granulation and epithelialization of the skin surface happened as the chitosan membrane was applied on the acid effected surface. 24523336 3 3 contain containing 370:379 arg1 biological 332:341 biological 332:341 biological 332:341 All dressings for treating wounds are classified as biological, artificial and composites containing both synthetic and natural materials. 24523336 3 3 contain containing 370:379 arg1 dressings 284:292 All dressings 280:292 All dressings for treating wounds 280:312 All dressings for treating wounds are classified as biological, artificial and composites containing both synthetic and natural materials. 24523336 3 3 contain containing 370:379 arg2 materials 408:416 both synthetic and natural materials 381:416 both synthetic and natural materials 381:416 All dressings for treating wounds are classified as biological, artificial and composites containing both synthetic and natural materials. 24523336 4 4 theme many 429:432 arg1 studies 434:440 many studies 429:440 many studies concerning application of chitosan, which is a derivate of natural polymer chitin, as a basis for topical materials to treat burns 429:571 There are many studies concerning application of chitosan, which is a derivate of natural polymer chitin, as a basis for topical materials to treat burns. 24523336 10 5 dep effected 1314:1321 arg1 acid 1309:1312 acid 1309:1312 acid 1309:1312 The results confirmed that earlier granulation and epithelialization of the skin surface happened as the chitosan membrane was applied on the acid effected surface. 24523336 7 6 dep rats 840:843 arg1 old 855:857 old 855:857 old 855:857 We performed the experiment on 60 young rats (3 months old) with the chemical burns of third-degree (IIIA degree) to study the morphofunctional features of skin regeneration. 24523336 2 7 theme skin 256:259 arg1 structure 239:247 repair structure 232:247 repair structure of the skin 232:259 Their objective is to repair structure of the skin and its functions. 24523336 2 7 theme skin 256:259 arg1 functions 269:277 its functions 265:277 its functions 265:277 Their objective is to repair structure of the skin and its functions. 24523336 0 8 theme skin 86:89 arg1 burns 73:77 chemical burns 64:77 chemical burns of the skin] 64:90 [The experimental application of chitosan membrane for treating chemical burns of the skin]. 24523336 6 9 theme regeneration 734:745 arg1 futures 718:724 the morphological futures 700:724 the morphological futures of skin regeneration after the chemical burn applying chitosan membranes 700:797 Thus, the aim of research is to study the morphological futures of skin regeneration after the chemical burn applying chitosan membranes. 24523336 7 10 from experiment 817:826 arg1 rats 840:843 60 young rats 831:843 60 young rats (3 months old) 831:858 We performed the experiment on 60 young rats (3 months old) with the chemical burns of third-degree (IIIA degree) to study the morphofunctional features of skin regeneration. 24523336 4 11 theme topical 540:546 arg1 materials 548:556 topical materials 540:556 topical materials 540:556 There are many studies concerning application of chitosan, which is a derivate of natural polymer chitin, as a basis for topical materials to treat burns. 24523336 6 12 theme skin 729:732 arg1 regeneration 734:745 skin regeneration 729:745 skin regeneration after the chemical burn applying chitosan membranes 729:797 Thus, the aim of research is to study the morphological futures of skin regeneration after the chemical burn applying chitosan membranes. 24523336 11 13 theme application 1356:1366 arg1 result 1342:1347 The final result 1332:1347 The final result of the application of chitosan film 1332:1383 The final result of the application of chitosan film is to achieve full epithelialization, preserve the structure of tissues beneath the burn and prevent getting scars. 24523336 1 14 theme chemical 147:154 arg1 wounds 156:161 chemical wounds 147:161 chemical wounds 147:161 The basic method for skin damage treatment, including chemical wounds, is a topical application of different agents. 24523336 4 15 theme chitosan 468:475 arg1 derivate 489:496 a derivate 487:496 a derivate of natural polymer chitin 487:522 There are many studies concerning application of chitosan, which is a derivate of natural polymer chitin, as a basis for topical materials to treat burns. 24523336 4 15 theme chitosan 468:475 arg1 application 453:463 application 453:463 application 453:463 There are many studies concerning application of chitosan, which is a derivate of natural polymer chitin, as a basis for topical materials to treat burns. 24523336 0 16 theme experimental 5:16 arg1 application 18:28 [The experimental application 0:28 [The experimental application of chitosan membrane for treating chemical burns of the skin]. 0:91 [The experimental application of chitosan membrane for treating chemical burns of the skin]. 24523336 11 17 theme getting 1486:1492 arg1 scars 1494:1498 getting scars 1486:1498 getting scars 1486:1498 The final result of the application of chitosan film is to achieve full epithelialization, preserve the structure of tissues beneath the burn and prevent getting scars. 24523336 7 18 theme skin 956:959 arg1 regeneration 961:972 skin regeneration 956:972 skin regeneration 956:972 We performed the experiment on 60 young rats (3 months old) with the chemical burns of third-degree (IIIA degree) to study the morphofunctional features of skin regeneration. 24523336 0 19 theme [The 0:3 arg1 application 18:28 [The experimental application 0:28 [The experimental application of chitosan membrane for treating chemical burns of the skin]. 0:91 [The experimental application of chitosan membrane for treating chemical burns of the skin]. 24523336 6 20 theme morphological 704:716 arg1 futures 718:724 the morphological futures 700:724 the morphological futures of skin regeneration after the chemical burn applying chitosan membranes 700:797 Thus, the aim of research is to study the morphological futures of skin regeneration after the chemical burn applying chitosan membranes. 24523336 10 21 theme skin 1243:1246 arg1 surface 1248:1254 the skin surface 1239:1254 the skin surface 1239:1254 The results confirmed that earlier granulation and epithelialization of the skin surface happened as the chitosan membrane was applied on the acid effected surface. 24523336 3 22 theme natural 400:406 arg1 materials 408:416 both synthetic and natural materials 381:416 both synthetic and natural materials 381:416 All dressings for treating wounds are classified as biological, artificial and composites containing both synthetic and natural materials. 24523336 4 23 theme chitin 517:522 arg1 derivate 489:496 a derivate 487:496 a derivate of natural polymer chitin 487:522 There are many studies concerning application of chitosan, which is a derivate of natural polymer chitin, as a basis for topical materials to treat burns. 24523336 4 23 theme chitin 517:522 arg1 application 453:463 application 453:463 application 453:463 There are many studies concerning application of chitosan, which is a derivate of natural polymer chitin, as a basis for topical materials to treat burns. 24523336 5 24 theme acid 650:653 arg1 burns 655:659 acid burns 650:659 acid burns 650:659 However, data are rather limited about application of chitosan for treating acid burns. 24523336 7 25 theme chemical 869:876 arg1 burns 878:882 the chemical burns 865:882 the chemical burns of third-degree (IIIA degree) 865:912 We performed the experiment on 60 young rats (3 months old) with the chemical burns of third-degree (IIIA degree) to study the morphofunctional features of skin regeneration. 24523336 9 26 theme biopsy 1078:1083 arg1 specimens 1085:1093 the biopsy specimens 1074:1093 the biopsy specimens of wound 1074:1102 We carried out a histologic investigation on the biopsy specimens of wound to determine the morphological features of wound regeneration. 24523336 9 27 contain carried 1032:1038 arg1 We 1029:1030 We 1029:1030 We 1029:1030 We carried out a histologic investigation on the biopsy specimens of wound to determine the morphological features of wound regeneration. 24523336 9 27 contain carried 1032:1038 arg2 investigation 1057:1069 a histologic investigation 1044:1069 a histologic investigation on the biopsy specimens of wound to determine the morphological features of wound regeneration 1044:1164 We carried out a histologic investigation on the biopsy specimens of wound to determine the morphological features of wound regeneration. 24523336 9 28 theme regeneration 1153:1164 arg1 features 1135:1142 the morphological features 1117:1142 the morphological features of wound regeneration 1117:1164 We carried out a histologic investigation on the biopsy specimens of wound to determine the morphological features of wound regeneration. 24523336 11 29 theme chitosan 1371:1378 arg1 application 1356:1366 the application 1352:1366 the application of chitosan film 1352:1383 The final result of the application of chitosan film is to achieve full epithelialization, preserve the structure of tissues beneath the burn and prevent getting scars. 24523336 9 30 theme histologic 1046:1055 arg1 investigation 1057:1069 a histologic investigation 1044:1069 a histologic investigation on the biopsy specimens of wound to determine the morphological features of wound regeneration 1044:1164 We carried out a histologic investigation on the biopsy specimens of wound to determine the morphological features of wound regeneration. 24523336 1 31 theme topical 169:175 arg1 application 177:187 a topical application 167:187 a topical application of different agents 167:207 The basic method for skin damage treatment, including chemical wounds, is a topical application of different agents. 24523336 1 31 theme topical 169:175 arg1 method 103:108 The basic method 93:108 The basic method 93:108 The basic method for skin damage treatment, including chemical wounds, is a topical application of different agents. 24523336 0 32 theme membrane 42:49 arg1 application 18:28 [The experimental application 0:28 [The experimental application of chitosan membrane for treating chemical burns of the skin]. 0:91 [The experimental application of chitosan membrane for treating chemical burns of the skin]. 24523336 10 33 theme effected 1314:1321 arg1 surface 1323:1329 the acid effected surface 1305:1329 the acid effected surface 1305:1329 The results confirmed that earlier granulation and epithelialization of the skin surface happened as the chitosan membrane was applied on the acid effected surface. 24523336 7 34 theme regeneration 961:972 arg1 features 944:951 the morphofunctional features 923:951 the morphofunctional features of skin regeneration 923:972 We performed the experiment on 60 young rats (3 months old) with the chemical burns of third-degree (IIIA degree) to study the morphofunctional features of skin regeneration. 24523336 9 35 from investigation 1057:1069 arg1 specimens 1085:1093 the biopsy specimens 1074:1093 the biopsy specimens of wound 1074:1102 We carried out a histologic investigation on the biopsy specimens of wound to determine the morphological features of wound regeneration. 24523336 3 36 theme synthetic 386:394 arg1 materials 408:416 both synthetic and natural materials 381:416 both synthetic and natural materials 381:416 All dressings for treating wounds are classified as biological, artificial and composites containing both synthetic and natural materials. 24523336 0 37 theme chitosan 33:40 arg1 membrane 42:49 chitosan membrane 33:49 chitosan membrane 33:49 [The experimental application of chitosan membrane for treating chemical burns of the skin]. 24523336 9 38 theme wound 1147:1151 arg1 regeneration 1153:1164 wound regeneration 1147:1164 wound regeneration 1147:1164 We carried out a histologic investigation on the biopsy specimens of wound to determine the morphological features of wound regeneration. 24523336 9 39 theme wound 1098:1102 arg1 specimens 1085:1093 the biopsy specimens 1074:1093 the biopsy specimens of wound 1074:1102 We carried out a histologic investigation on the biopsy specimens of wound to determine the morphological features of wound regeneration. 24523336 3 40 theme treating 298:305 arg1 wounds 307:312 treating wounds 298:312 treating wounds 298:312 All dressings for treating wounds are classified as biological, artificial and composites containing both synthetic and natural materials. 24523336 9 41 theme morphological 1121:1133 arg1 features 1135:1142 the morphological features 1117:1142 the morphological features of wound regeneration 1117:1164 We carried out a histologic investigation on the biopsy specimens of wound to determine the morphological features of wound regeneration. 24523336 1 42 theme basic 97:101 arg1 application 177:187 a topical application 167:187 a topical application of different agents 167:207 The basic method for skin damage treatment, including chemical wounds, is a topical application of different agents. 24523336 1 42 theme basic 97:101 arg1 method 103:108 The basic method 93:108 The basic method 93:108 The basic method for skin damage treatment, including chemical wounds, is a topical application of different agents. 24523336 8 43 theme chitosan 996:1003 arg1 membranes 1005:1013 the chitosan membranes 992:1013 the chitosan membranes on the burns 992:1026 Later we applied the chitosan membranes on the burns. 24523336 4 44 theme polymer 509:515 arg1 chitin 517:522 natural polymer chitin 501:522 natural polymer chitin 501:522 There are many studies concerning application of chitosan, which is a derivate of natural polymer chitin, as a basis for topical materials to treat burns. 24523336 5 45 theme chitosan 628:635 arg1 application 613:623 application 613:623 application of chitosan for treating acid burns 613:659 However, data are rather limited about application of chitosan for treating acid burns. 24523336 6 46 theme chitosan 780:787 arg1 membranes 789:797 chitosan membranes 780:797 chitosan membranes 780:797 Thus, the aim of research is to study the morphological futures of skin regeneration after the chemical burn applying chitosan membranes. 24523336 11 47 theme full 1399:1402 arg1 epithelialization 1404:1420 full epithelialization 1399:1420 full epithelialization 1399:1420 The final result of the application of chitosan film is to achieve full epithelialization, preserve the structure of tissues beneath the burn and prevent getting scars. 24523336 4 48 theme natural 501:507 arg1 chitin 517:522 natural polymer chitin 501:522 natural polymer chitin 501:522 There are many studies concerning application of chitosan, which is a derivate of natural polymer chitin, as a basis for topical materials to treat burns. 24523336 7 49 theme morphofunctional 927:942 arg1 features 944:951 the morphofunctional features 923:951 the morphofunctional features of skin regeneration 923:972 We performed the experiment on 60 young rats (3 months old) with the chemical burns of third-degree (IIIA degree) to study the morphofunctional features of skin regeneration. 24523336 2 50 theme repair 232:237 arg1 structure 239:247 repair structure 232:247 repair structure of the skin 232:259 Their objective is to repair structure of the skin and its functions. 24523336 6 51 theme research 679:686 arg1 aim 672:674 the aim 668:674 the aim of research 668:686 Thus, the aim of research is to study the morphological futures of skin regeneration after the chemical burn applying chitosan membranes. 24523336 1 52 theme different 192:200 arg1 agents 202:207 different agents 192:207 different agents 192:207 The basic method for skin damage treatment, including chemical wounds, is a topical application of different agents. 24523336 10 53 dep earlier 1194:1200 arg1 granulation 1202:1212 granulation 1202:1212 granulation 1202:1212 The results confirmed that earlier granulation and epithelialization of the skin surface happened as the chitosan membrane was applied on the acid effected surface. 24523336 7 54 theme IIIA 901:904 arg1 third-degree 887:898 third-degree 887:898 third-degree 887:898 We performed the experiment on 60 young rats (3 months old) with the chemical burns of third-degree (IIIA degree) to study the morphofunctional features of skin regeneration. 24523336 7 54 theme IIIA 901:904 arg1 degree 906:911 IIIA degree 901:911 IIIA degree 901:911 We performed the experiment on 60 young rats (3 months old) with the chemical burns of third-degree (IIIA degree) to study the morphofunctional features of skin regeneration. 24523336 1 55 theme skin 114:117 arg1 treatment 126:134 skin damage treatment 114:134 skin damage treatment 114:134 The basic method for skin damage treatment, including chemical wounds, is a topical application of different agents. 24523336 7 56 theme young 834:838 arg1 rats 840:843 60 young rats 831:843 60 young rats (3 months old) 831:858 We performed the experiment on 60 young rats (3 months old) with the chemical burns of third-degree (IIIA degree) to study the morphofunctional features of skin regeneration. 24523336 1 57 theme agents 202:207 arg1 application 177:187 a topical application 167:187 a topical application of different agents 167:207 The basic method for skin damage treatment, including chemical wounds, is a topical application of different agents. 24523336 1 57 theme agents 202:207 arg1 method 103:108 The basic method 93:108 The basic method 93:108 The basic method for skin damage treatment, including chemical wounds, is a topical application of different agents. 24523336 6 58 theme chemical 757:764 arg1 burn 766:769 the chemical burn 753:769 the chemical burn applying chitosan membranes 753:797 Thus, the aim of research is to study the morphological futures of skin regeneration after the chemical burn applying chitosan membranes. 24523336 1 59 theme damage 119:124 arg1 treatment 126:134 skin damage treatment 114:134 skin damage treatment 114:134 The basic method for skin damage treatment, including chemical wounds, is a topical application of different agents. 24523336 0 60 theme chemical 64:71 arg1 burns 73:77 chemical burns 64:77 chemical burns of the skin] 64:90 [The experimental application of chitosan membrane for treating chemical burns of the skin]. 24523336 7 61 theme third-degree 887:898 arg1 burns 878:882 the chemical burns 865:882 the chemical burns of third-degree (IIIA degree) 865:912 We performed the experiment on 60 young rats (3 months old) with the chemical burns of third-degree (IIIA degree) to study the morphofunctional features of skin regeneration. 24523336 8 62 from membranes 1005:1013 arg1 burns 1022:1026 the burns 1018:1026 the burns 1018:1026 Later we applied the chitosan membranes on the burns. 24523336 11 63 theme final 1336:1340 arg1 result 1342:1347 The final result 1332:1347 The final result of the application of chitosan film 1332:1383 The final result of the application of chitosan film is to achieve full epithelialization, preserve the structure of tissues beneath the burn and prevent getting scars. 25263886 1 0 theme poor 253:256 arg1 repair 269:274 poor functional repair 253:274 poor functional repair of the tendon 253:288 After tendon-repair surgery, adhesion between the surgical tendon and the synovial sheath is often presented resulting in poor functional repair of the tendon. 25263886 2 1 theme barrier 355:361 arg1 implant 363:369 a commercially available mechanical barrier implant 319:369 a commercially available mechanical barrier implant 319:369 This may be prevented using a commercially available mechanical barrier implant, Seprafilm, which is composed of hyaluronan (HA) and carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogels. 25263886 2 1 theme barrier 355:361 arg1 Seprafilm 372:380 Seprafilm 372:380 Seprafilm 372:380 This may be prevented using a commercially available mechanical barrier implant, Seprafilm, which is composed of hyaluronan (HA) and carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogels. 25263886 1 2 theme functional 258:267 arg1 repair 269:274 poor functional repair 253:274 poor functional repair of the tendon 253:288 After tendon-repair surgery, adhesion between the surgical tendon and the synovial sheath is often presented resulting in poor functional repair of the tendon. 25263886 3 3 theme gum 528:530 arg1 compositions 505:516 various compositions 497:516 various compositions of gellan gum (GG), xanthan gum (XG) and HA as well as Seprafilm 497:581 In a rat model, prepared membranes of various compositions of gellan gum (GG), xanthan gum (XG) and HA as well as Seprafilm were wrapped around repaired tendons and the adhesion of the tendons was examined grossly and histologically after 3 weeks of healing. 25263886 0 4 theme postrepaired 109:120 arg1 tendons 122:128 postrepaired tendons 109:128 postrepaired tendons 109:128 Evaluation of the ability of xanthan gum/gellan gum/hyaluronan hydrogel membranes to prevent the adhesion of postrepaired tendons. 25263886 6 5 theme extended 1082:1089 arg1 periods 1091:1097 extended periods 1082:1097 extended periods 1082:1097 Also they degraded slowly, which allowed the membranes to function as barriers for extended periods. 25263886 3 6 theme tendons 644:650 arg1 adhesion 628:635 the adhesion 624:635 the adhesion of the tendons 624:650 In a rat model, prepared membranes of various compositions of gellan gum (GG), xanthan gum (XG) and HA as well as Seprafilm were wrapped around repaired tendons and the adhesion of the tendons was examined grossly and histologically after 3 weeks of healing. 25263886 4 7 theme tendon 782:787 arg1 adhesion 789:796 tendon adhesion 782:796 tendon adhesion 782:796 Certain formulations of the XG/GG/HA hydrogel membranes reduced tendon adhesion with equal efficacy but without reducing the tendon strength compared to Seprafilm. 25263886 3 8 theme gellan 521:526 arg1 gum 528:530 gellan gum 521:530 gellan gum (GG) 521:535 In a rat model, prepared membranes of various compositions of gellan gum (GG), xanthan gum (XG) and HA as well as Seprafilm were wrapped around repaired tendons and the adhesion of the tendons was examined grossly and histologically after 3 weeks of healing. 25263886 3 8 theme gellan 521:526 arg1 GG 533:534 GG 533:534 GG 533:534 In a rat model, prepared membranes of various compositions of gellan gum (GG), xanthan gum (XG) and HA as well as Seprafilm were wrapped around repaired tendons and the adhesion of the tendons was examined grossly and histologically after 3 weeks of healing. 25263886 1 9 theme surgical 181:188 arg1 tendon 190:195 the surgical tendon 177:195 the surgical tendon 177:195 After tendon-repair surgery, adhesion between the surgical tendon and the synovial sheath is often presented resulting in poor functional repair of the tendon. 25263886 2 10 theme cellulose 438:446 arg1 hydrogels 448:456 carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogels 424:456 carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogels 424:456 This may be prevented using a commercially available mechanical barrier implant, Seprafilm, which is composed of hyaluronan (HA) and carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogels. 25263886 4 11 theme equal 803:807 arg1 efficacy 809:816 equal efficacy 803:816 equal efficacy 803:816 Certain formulations of the XG/GG/HA hydrogel membranes reduced tendon adhesion with equal efficacy but without reducing the tendon strength compared to Seprafilm. 25263886 5 12 theme designed 886:893 arg1 membranes 895:903 The designed membranes 882:903 The designed membranes 882:903 The designed membranes swelled rapidly and blanketed onto the tendon tissue more readily and closely than Seprafilm. 25263886 2 13 theme carboxymethyl 424:436 arg1 hydrogels 448:456 carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogels 424:456 carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogels 424:456 This may be prevented using a commercially available mechanical barrier implant, Seprafilm, which is composed of hyaluronan (HA) and carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogels. 25263886 3 14 theme xanthan 538:544 arg1 XG 551:552 XG 551:552 XG 551:552 In a rat model, prepared membranes of various compositions of gellan gum (GG), xanthan gum (XG) and HA as well as Seprafilm were wrapped around repaired tendons and the adhesion of the tendons was examined grossly and histologically after 3 weeks of healing. 25263886 3 14 theme xanthan 538:544 arg1 gum 546:548 xanthan gum 538:548 xanthan gum (XG) 538:553 In a rat model, prepared membranes of various compositions of gellan gum (GG), xanthan gum (XG) and HA as well as Seprafilm were wrapped around repaired tendons and the adhesion of the tendons was examined grossly and histologically after 3 weeks of healing. 25263886 0 15 theme ability 18:24 arg1 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation of the ability of xanthan 0:35 Evaluation of the ability of xanthan gum/gellan gum/hyaluronan hydrogel membranes to prevent the adhesion of postrepaired tendons. 25263886 1 16 theme tendon 283:288 arg1 repair 269:274 poor functional repair 253:274 poor functional repair of the tendon 253:288 After tendon-repair surgery, adhesion between the surgical tendon and the synovial sheath is often presented resulting in poor functional repair of the tendon. 25263886 0 17 theme tendons 122:128 arg1 adhesion 97:104 the adhesion 93:104 the adhesion of postrepaired tendons 93:128 Evaluation of the ability of xanthan gum/gellan gum/hyaluronan hydrogel membranes to prevent the adhesion of postrepaired tendons. 25263886 1 18 theme synovial 205:212 arg1 sheath 214:219 the synovial sheath 201:219 the synovial sheath 201:219 After tendon-repair surgery, adhesion between the surgical tendon and the synovial sheath is often presented resulting in poor functional repair of the tendon. 25263886 0 19 theme xanthan 29:35 arg1 ability 18:24 the ability 14:24 the ability of xanthan 14:35 Evaluation of the ability of xanthan gum/gellan gum/hyaluronan hydrogel membranes to prevent the adhesion of postrepaired tendons. 25263886 3 20 theme prepared 475:482 arg1 membranes 484:492 prepared membranes 475:492 prepared membranes of various compositions of gellan gum (GG), xanthan gum (XG) and HA as well as Seprafilm 475:581 In a rat model, prepared membranes of various compositions of gellan gum (GG), xanthan gum (XG) and HA as well as Seprafilm were wrapped around repaired tendons and the adhesion of the tendons was examined grossly and histologically after 3 weeks of healing. 25263886 4 21 theme hydrogel 755:762 arg1 membranes 764:772 the XG/GG/HA hydrogel membranes 742:772 the XG/GG/HA hydrogel membranes 742:772 Certain formulations of the XG/GG/HA hydrogel membranes reduced tendon adhesion with equal efficacy but without reducing the tendon strength compared to Seprafilm. 25263886 3 22 theme healing 709:715 arg1 weeks 700:704 3 weeks 698:704 3 weeks of healing 698:715 In a rat model, prepared membranes of various compositions of gellan gum (GG), xanthan gum (XG) and HA as well as Seprafilm were wrapped around repaired tendons and the adhesion of the tendons was examined grossly and histologically after 3 weeks of healing. 25263886 4 23 theme XG/GG/HA 746:753 arg1 membranes 764:772 the XG/GG/HA hydrogel membranes 742:772 the XG/GG/HA hydrogel membranes 742:772 Certain formulations of the XG/GG/HA hydrogel membranes reduced tendon adhesion with equal efficacy but without reducing the tendon strength compared to Seprafilm. 25263886 0 24 theme gum/hyaluronan 48:61 arg1 membranes 72:80 gum/hyaluronan hydrogel membranes 48:80 gum/hyaluronan hydrogel membranes 48:80 Evaluation of the ability of xanthan gum/gellan gum/hyaluronan hydrogel membranes to prevent the adhesion of postrepaired tendons. 25263886 4 25 theme tendon 843:848 arg1 strength 850:857 the tendon strength 839:857 the tendon strength compared to Seprafilm 839:879 Certain formulations of the XG/GG/HA hydrogel membranes reduced tendon adhesion with equal efficacy but without reducing the tendon strength compared to Seprafilm. 25263886 3 26 theme Seprafilm 573:581 arg1 compositions 505:516 various compositions 497:516 various compositions of gellan gum (GG), xanthan gum (XG) and HA as well as Seprafilm 497:581 In a rat model, prepared membranes of various compositions of gellan gum (GG), xanthan gum (XG) and HA as well as Seprafilm were wrapped around repaired tendons and the adhesion of the tendons was examined grossly and histologically after 3 weeks of healing. 25263886 3 27 theme gum 546:548 arg1 compositions 505:516 various compositions 497:516 various compositions of gellan gum (GG), xanthan gum (XG) and HA as well as Seprafilm 497:581 In a rat model, prepared membranes of various compositions of gellan gum (GG), xanthan gum (XG) and HA as well as Seprafilm were wrapped around repaired tendons and the adhesion of the tendons was examined grossly and histologically after 3 weeks of healing. 25263886 2 28 theme mechanical 344:353 arg1 implant 363:369 a commercially available mechanical barrier implant 319:369 a commercially available mechanical barrier implant 319:369 This may be prevented using a commercially available mechanical barrier implant, Seprafilm, which is composed of hyaluronan (HA) and carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogels. 25263886 2 28 theme mechanical 344:353 arg1 Seprafilm 372:380 Seprafilm 372:380 Seprafilm 372:380 This may be prevented using a commercially available mechanical barrier implant, Seprafilm, which is composed of hyaluronan (HA) and carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogels. 25263886 4 29 theme membranes 764:772 arg1 formulations 726:737 Certain formulations 718:737 Certain formulations of the XG/GG/HA hydrogel membranes 718:772 Certain formulations of the XG/GG/HA hydrogel membranes reduced tendon adhesion with equal efficacy but without reducing the tendon strength compared to Seprafilm. 25263886 2 30 theme available 334:342 arg1 implant 363:369 a commercially available mechanical barrier implant 319:369 a commercially available mechanical barrier implant 319:369 This may be prevented using a commercially available mechanical barrier implant, Seprafilm, which is composed of hyaluronan (HA) and carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogels. 25263886 2 30 theme available 334:342 arg1 Seprafilm 372:380 Seprafilm 372:380 Seprafilm 372:380 This may be prevented using a commercially available mechanical barrier implant, Seprafilm, which is composed of hyaluronan (HA) and carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogels. 25263886 5 31 theme tendon 944:949 arg1 tissue 951:956 the tendon tissue 940:956 the tendon tissue 940:956 The designed membranes swelled rapidly and blanketed onto the tendon tissue more readily and closely than Seprafilm. 25263886 3 32 theme rat 464:466 arg1 model 468:472 a rat model 462:472 a rat model 462:472 In a rat model, prepared membranes of various compositions of gellan gum (GG), xanthan gum (XG) and HA as well as Seprafilm were wrapped around repaired tendons and the adhesion of the tendons was examined grossly and histologically after 3 weeks of healing. 25263886 4 33 theme Certain 718:724 arg1 formulations 726:737 Certain formulations 718:737 Certain formulations of the XG/GG/HA hydrogel membranes 718:772 Certain formulations of the XG/GG/HA hydrogel membranes reduced tendon adhesion with equal efficacy but without reducing the tendon strength compared to Seprafilm. 25263886 1 34 theme tendon-repair 137:149 arg1 surgery 151:157 tendon-repair surgery 137:157 tendon-repair surgery 137:157 After tendon-repair surgery, adhesion between the surgical tendon and the synovial sheath is often presented resulting in poor functional repair of the tendon. 25263886 3 35 theme repaired 603:610 arg1 tendons 612:618 repaired tendons 603:618 repaired tendons 603:618 In a rat model, prepared membranes of various compositions of gellan gum (GG), xanthan gum (XG) and HA as well as Seprafilm were wrapped around repaired tendons and the adhesion of the tendons was examined grossly and histologically after 3 weeks of healing. 25263886 3 36 theme various 497:503 arg1 compositions 505:516 various compositions 497:516 various compositions of gellan gum (GG), xanthan gum (XG) and HA as well as Seprafilm 497:581 In a rat model, prepared membranes of various compositions of gellan gum (GG), xanthan gum (XG) and HA as well as Seprafilm were wrapped around repaired tendons and the adhesion of the tendons was examined grossly and histologically after 3 weeks of healing. 25263886 0 37 theme hydrogel 63:70 arg1 membranes 72:80 gum/hyaluronan hydrogel membranes 48:80 gum/hyaluronan hydrogel membranes 48:80 Evaluation of the ability of xanthan gum/gellan gum/hyaluronan hydrogel membranes to prevent the adhesion of postrepaired tendons. 25263886 3 38 theme HA 559:560 arg1 compositions 505:516 various compositions 497:516 various compositions of gellan gum (GG), xanthan gum (XG) and HA as well as Seprafilm 497:581 In a rat model, prepared membranes of various compositions of gellan gum (GG), xanthan gum (XG) and HA as well as Seprafilm were wrapped around repaired tendons and the adhesion of the tendons was examined grossly and histologically after 3 weeks of healing. 25263886 3 39 theme compositions 505:516 arg1 membranes 484:492 prepared membranes 475:492 prepared membranes of various compositions of gellan gum (GG), xanthan gum (XG) and HA as well as Seprafilm 475:581 In a rat model, prepared membranes of various compositions of gellan gum (GG), xanthan gum (XG) and HA as well as Seprafilm were wrapped around repaired tendons and the adhesion of the tendons was examined grossly and histologically after 3 weeks of healing. 24508396 4 0 theme various 939:945 arg1 rates 952:956 various flow rates 939:956 various flow rates 939:956 The conditions for SEC of pig-liver glycogen, phytoglycogen and oyster glycogen were optimized by comparing two different eluents, aqueous 50 mM NH₄NO₃/0.02% NaN₃ and dimethyl sulfoxide/0.5% LiBr, run through different column materials and pore sizes at various flow rates. 24508396 3 1 theme dimethyl 665:672 arg1 sulfoxide 674:682 dimethyl sulfoxide 665:682 dimethyl sulfoxide 665:682 While past studies have used dimethyl sulfoxide as the SEC eluent to analyze the molecular size and structure of native glycogen, an aqueous eluent has not been rigorously tested and compared with dimethyl sulfoxide. 24508396 4 2 theme NH₄NO₃/0.02 830:840 arg1 NaN₃ 843:846 50 mM NH₄NO₃/0.02% NaN₃ 824:846 50 mM NH₄NO₃/0.02% NaN₃ 824:846 The conditions for SEC of pig-liver glycogen, phytoglycogen and oyster glycogen were optimized by comparing two different eluents, aqueous 50 mM NH₄NO₃/0.02% NaN₃ and dimethyl sulfoxide/0.5% LiBr, run through different column materials and pore sizes at various flow rates. 24508396 3 3 theme native 581:586 arg1 glycogen 588:595 native glycogen 581:595 native glycogen 581:595 While past studies have used dimethyl sulfoxide as the SEC eluent to analyze the molecular size and structure of native glycogen, an aqueous eluent has not been rigorously tested and compared with dimethyl sulfoxide. 24508396 5 4 theme peaks 1029:1033 arg1 separation 997:1006 distinct size separation 983:1006 distinct size separation of α- and β-particle peaks 983:1033 The aqueous system gave distinct size separation of α- and β-particle peaks, allowing for a more detailed and quantitative analysis and comparison between liver glycogen samples. 24508396 4 5 theme mM 827:828 arg1 NaN₃ 843:846 50 mM NH₄NO₃/0.02% NaN₃ 824:846 50 mM NH₄NO₃/0.02% NaN₃ 824:846 The conditions for SEC of pig-liver glycogen, phytoglycogen and oyster glycogen were optimized by comparing two different eluents, aqueous 50 mM NH₄NO₃/0.02% NaN₃ and dimethyl sulfoxide/0.5% LiBr, run through different column materials and pore sizes at various flow rates. 24508396 2 6 theme healthy 341:347 arg1 mice 349:352 healthy mice 341:352 healthy mice 341:352 The recent discovery using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) that fewer, smaller, α particles are found in diabetic-mouse liver compared to healthy mice highlights the need to achieve greater accuracy in the size separation methods used to analyze α and β particles. 24508396 4 7 theme column 904:909 arg1 materials 911:919 different column materials 894:919 different column materials 894:919 The conditions for SEC of pig-liver glycogen, phytoglycogen and oyster glycogen were optimized by comparing two different eluents, aqueous 50 mM NH₄NO₃/0.02% NaN₃ and dimethyl sulfoxide/0.5% LiBr, run through different column materials and pore sizes at various flow rates. 24508396 4 8 theme NaN₃ 843:846 arg1 eluents 807:813 two different eluents 793:813 two different eluents 793:813 The conditions for SEC of pig-liver glycogen, phytoglycogen and oyster glycogen were optimized by comparing two different eluents, aqueous 50 mM NH₄NO₃/0.02% NaN₃ and dimethyl sulfoxide/0.5% LiBr, run through different column materials and pore sizes at various flow rates. 24508396 4 8 theme NaN₃ 843:846 arg1 LiBr 876:879 aqueous 50 mM NH₄NO₃/0.02% NaN₃ and dimethyl sulfoxide/0.5% LiBr 816:879 aqueous 50 mM NH₄NO₃/0.02% NaN₃ and dimethyl sulfoxide/0.5% LiBr 816:879 The conditions for SEC of pig-liver glycogen, phytoglycogen and oyster glycogen were optimized by comparing two different eluents, aqueous 50 mM NH₄NO₃/0.02% NaN₃ and dimethyl sulfoxide/0.5% LiBr, run through different column materials and pore sizes at various flow rates. 24508396 3 9 theme molecular 549:557 arg1 size 559:562 the molecular size 545:562 the molecular size 545:562 While past studies have used dimethyl sulfoxide as the SEC eluent to analyze the molecular size and structure of native glycogen, an aqueous eluent has not been rigorously tested and compared with dimethyl sulfoxide. 24508396 4 10 theme different 894:902 arg1 materials 911:919 different column materials 894:919 different column materials 894:919 The conditions for SEC of pig-liver glycogen, phytoglycogen and oyster glycogen were optimized by comparing two different eluents, aqueous 50 mM NH₄NO₃/0.02% NaN₃ and dimethyl sulfoxide/0.5% LiBr, run through different column materials and pore sizes at various flow rates. 24508396 4 11 theme % 841:841 arg1 NaN₃ 843:846 50 mM NH₄NO₃/0.02% NaN₃ 824:846 50 mM NH₄NO₃/0.02% NaN₃ 824:846 The conditions for SEC of pig-liver glycogen, phytoglycogen and oyster glycogen were optimized by comparing two different eluents, aqueous 50 mM NH₄NO₃/0.02% NaN₃ and dimethyl sulfoxide/0.5% LiBr, run through different column materials and pore sizes at various flow rates. 24508396 6 12 theme glycogen 1227:1234 arg1 structure 1208:1216 the structure 1204:1216 the structure of liver glycogen and phytoglycogen 1204:1252 This greater resolution has also revealed key differences between the structure of liver glycogen and phytoglycogen. 24508396 3 13 theme SEC 523:525 arg1 eluent 527:532 the SEC eluent 519:532 the SEC eluent 519:532 While past studies have used dimethyl sulfoxide as the SEC eluent to analyze the molecular size and structure of native glycogen, an aqueous eluent has not been rigorously tested and compared with dimethyl sulfoxide. 24508396 6 14 theme liver 1221:1225 arg1 glycogen 1227:1234 liver glycogen 1221:1234 liver glycogen 1221:1234 This greater resolution has also revealed key differences between the structure of liver glycogen and phytoglycogen. 24508396 1 15 theme hyperbranched 79:91 arg1 polymer 101:107 a hyperbranched glucose polymer 77:107 a hyperbranched glucose polymer 77:107 Glycogen is a hyperbranched glucose polymer comprised of glycogen β particles, which can also form much larger composite α particles. 24508396 1 15 theme hyperbranched 79:91 arg1 Glycogen 65:72 Glycogen 65:72 Glycogen 65:72 Glycogen is a hyperbranched glucose polymer comprised of glycogen β particles, which can also form much larger composite α particles. 24508396 2 16 dep fewer 267:271 arg1 α 283:283 α 283:283 α 283:283 The recent discovery using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) that fewer, smaller, α particles are found in diabetic-mouse liver compared to healthy mice highlights the need to achieve greater accuracy in the size separation methods used to analyze α and β particles. 24508396 2 16 dep fewer 267:271 arg1 smaller 274:280 smaller 274:280 smaller 274:280 The recent discovery using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) that fewer, smaller, α particles are found in diabetic-mouse liver compared to healthy mice highlights the need to achieve greater accuracy in the size separation methods used to analyze α and β particles. 24508396 1 17 theme larger 169:174 arg1 particles 188:196 much larger composite α particles 164:196 much larger composite α particles 164:196 Glycogen is a hyperbranched glucose polymer comprised of glycogen β particles, which can also form much larger composite α particles. 24508396 1 18 theme glucose 93:99 arg1 polymer 101:107 a hyperbranched glucose polymer 77:107 a hyperbranched glucose polymer 77:107 Glycogen is a hyperbranched glucose polymer comprised of glycogen β particles, which can also form much larger composite α particles. 24508396 1 18 theme glucose 93:99 arg1 Glycogen 65:72 Glycogen 65:72 Glycogen 65:72 Glycogen is a hyperbranched glucose polymer comprised of glycogen β particles, which can also form much larger composite α particles. 24508396 1 19 theme composite 176:184 arg1 particles 188:196 much larger composite α particles 164:196 much larger composite α particles 164:196 Glycogen is a hyperbranched glucose polymer comprised of glycogen β particles, which can also form much larger composite α particles. 24508396 0 20 theme size-exclusion 10:23 arg1 separation 40:49 size-exclusion chromatography separation 10:49 size-exclusion chromatography separation for glycogen 10:62 Improving size-exclusion chromatography separation for glycogen. 24508396 4 21 theme 50 824:825 arg1 mM 827:828 mM 827:828 mM 827:828 The conditions for SEC of pig-liver glycogen, phytoglycogen and oyster glycogen were optimized by comparing two different eluents, aqueous 50 mM NH₄NO₃/0.02% NaN₃ and dimethyl sulfoxide/0.5% LiBr, run through different column materials and pore sizes at various flow rates. 24508396 5 22 theme glycogen 1120:1127 arg1 samples 1129:1135 liver glycogen samples 1114:1135 liver glycogen samples 1114:1135 The aqueous system gave distinct size separation of α- and β-particle peaks, allowing for a more detailed and quantitative analysis and comparison between liver glycogen samples. 24508396 5 23 theme liver 1114:1118 arg1 samples 1129:1135 liver glycogen samples 1114:1135 liver glycogen samples 1114:1135 The aqueous system gave distinct size separation of α- and β-particle peaks, allowing for a more detailed and quantitative analysis and comparison between liver glycogen samples. 24508396 1 24 theme α 186:186 arg1 particles 188:196 much larger composite α particles 164:196 much larger composite α particles 164:196 Glycogen is a hyperbranched glucose polymer comprised of glycogen β particles, which can also form much larger composite α particles. 24508396 5 25 theme quantitative 1069:1080 arg1 analysis 1082:1089 a more detailed and quantitative analysis 1049:1089 a more detailed and quantitative analysis 1049:1089 The aqueous system gave distinct size separation of α- and β-particle peaks, allowing for a more detailed and quantitative analysis and comparison between liver glycogen samples. 24508396 2 26 located found 299:303 arg1 liver 323:327 diabetic-mouse liver 308:327 diabetic-mouse liver 308:327 The recent discovery using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) that fewer, smaller, α particles are found in diabetic-mouse liver compared to healthy mice highlights the need to achieve greater accuracy in the size separation methods used to analyze α and β particles. 24508396 2 26 located found 299:303 arg2 particles 285:293 fewer, smaller, α particles 267:293 fewer, smaller, α particles 267:293 The recent discovery using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) that fewer, smaller, α particles are found in diabetic-mouse liver compared to healthy mice highlights the need to achieve greater accuracy in the size separation methods used to analyze α and β particles. 24508396 4 27 theme aqueous 816:822 arg1 eluents 807:813 two different eluents 793:813 two different eluents 793:813 The conditions for SEC of pig-liver glycogen, phytoglycogen and oyster glycogen were optimized by comparing two different eluents, aqueous 50 mM NH₄NO₃/0.02% NaN₃ and dimethyl sulfoxide/0.5% LiBr, run through different column materials and pore sizes at various flow rates. 24508396 4 27 theme aqueous 816:822 arg1 LiBr 876:879 aqueous 50 mM NH₄NO₃/0.02% NaN₃ and dimethyl sulfoxide/0.5% LiBr 816:879 aqueous 50 mM NH₄NO₃/0.02% NaN₃ and dimethyl sulfoxide/0.5% LiBr 816:879 The conditions for SEC of pig-liver glycogen, phytoglycogen and oyster glycogen were optimized by comparing two different eluents, aqueous 50 mM NH₄NO₃/0.02% NaN₃ and dimethyl sulfoxide/0.5% LiBr, run through different column materials and pore sizes at various flow rates. 24508396 3 28 theme glycogen 588:595 arg1 structure 568:576 structure 568:576 structure 568:576 While past studies have used dimethyl sulfoxide as the SEC eluent to analyze the molecular size and structure of native glycogen, an aqueous eluent has not been rigorously tested and compared with dimethyl sulfoxide. 24508396 3 28 theme glycogen 588:595 arg1 size 559:562 the molecular size 545:562 the molecular size 545:562 While past studies have used dimethyl sulfoxide as the SEC eluent to analyze the molecular size and structure of native glycogen, an aqueous eluent has not been rigorously tested and compared with dimethyl sulfoxide. 24508396 6 29 theme phytoglycogen 1240:1252 arg1 structure 1208:1216 the structure 1204:1216 the structure of liver glycogen and phytoglycogen 1204:1252 This greater resolution has also revealed key differences between the structure of liver glycogen and phytoglycogen. 24508396 4 30 theme pig-liver 711:719 arg1 glycogen 721:728 pig-liver glycogen 711:728 pig-liver glycogen 711:728 The conditions for SEC of pig-liver glycogen, phytoglycogen and oyster glycogen were optimized by comparing two different eluents, aqueous 50 mM NH₄NO₃/0.02% NaN₃ and dimethyl sulfoxide/0.5% LiBr, run through different column materials and pore sizes at various flow rates. 24508396 2 31 theme size 409:412 arg1 methods 425:431 the size separation methods 405:431 the size separation methods used to analyze α and β particles 405:465 The recent discovery using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) that fewer, smaller, α particles are found in diabetic-mouse liver compared to healthy mice highlights the need to achieve greater accuracy in the size separation methods used to analyze α and β particles. 24508396 2 32 theme separation 414:423 arg1 methods 425:431 the size separation methods 405:431 the size separation methods used to analyze α and β particles 405:465 The recent discovery using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) that fewer, smaller, α particles are found in diabetic-mouse liver compared to healthy mice highlights the need to achieve greater accuracy in the size separation methods used to analyze α and β particles. 24508396 1 33 theme glycogen 122:129 arg1 particles 133:141 glycogen β particles 122:141 glycogen β particles 122:141 Glycogen is a hyperbranched glucose polymer comprised of glycogen β particles, which can also form much larger composite α particles. 24508396 2 34 theme β 455:455 arg1 particles 457:465 α and β particles 449:465 α and β particles 449:465 The recent discovery using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) that fewer, smaller, α particles are found in diabetic-mouse liver compared to healthy mice highlights the need to achieve greater accuracy in the size separation methods used to analyze α and β particles. 24508396 6 35 theme key 1180:1182 arg1 differences 1184:1194 key differences 1180:1194 key differences between the structure of liver glycogen and phytoglycogen 1180:1252 This greater resolution has also revealed key differences between the structure of liver glycogen and phytoglycogen. 24508396 5 36 theme β-particle 1018:1027 arg1 peaks 1029:1033 α- and β-particle peaks 1011:1033 α- and β-particle peaks 1011:1033 The aqueous system gave distinct size separation of α- and β-particle peaks, allowing for a more detailed and quantitative analysis and comparison between liver glycogen samples. 24508396 5 37 theme aqueous 963:969 arg1 system 971:976 The aqueous system 959:976 The aqueous system 959:976 The aqueous system gave distinct size separation of α- and β-particle peaks, allowing for a more detailed and quantitative analysis and comparison between liver glycogen samples. 24508396 6 38 theme greater 1143:1149 arg1 resolution 1151:1160 This greater resolution 1138:1160 This greater resolution 1138:1160 This greater resolution has also revealed key differences between the structure of liver glycogen and phytoglycogen. 24508396 2 39 theme greater 385:391 arg1 accuracy 393:400 greater accuracy 385:400 greater accuracy in the size separation methods used to analyze α and β particles 385:465 The recent discovery using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) that fewer, smaller, α particles are found in diabetic-mouse liver compared to healthy mice highlights the need to achieve greater accuracy in the size separation methods used to analyze α and β particles. 24508396 4 40 theme flow 947:950 arg1 rates 952:956 various flow rates 939:956 various flow rates 939:956 The conditions for SEC of pig-liver glycogen, phytoglycogen and oyster glycogen were optimized by comparing two different eluents, aqueous 50 mM NH₄NO₃/0.02% NaN₃ and dimethyl sulfoxide/0.5% LiBr, run through different column materials and pore sizes at various flow rates. 24508396 4 41 theme glycogen 721:728 arg1 SEC 704:706 SEC 704:706 SEC of pig-liver glycogen, phytoglycogen and oyster glycogen 704:763 The conditions for SEC of pig-liver glycogen, phytoglycogen and oyster glycogen were optimized by comparing two different eluents, aqueous 50 mM NH₄NO₃/0.02% NaN₃ and dimethyl sulfoxide/0.5% LiBr, run through different column materials and pore sizes at various flow rates. 24508396 2 42 dep chromatography 241:254 arg1 found 299:303 found 299:303 are found in diabetic-mouse liver compared to healthy mice 295:352 The recent discovery using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) that fewer, smaller, α particles are found in diabetic-mouse liver compared to healthy mice highlights the need to achieve greater accuracy in the size separation methods used to analyze α and β particles. 24508396 2 43 theme α 449:449 arg1 particles 457:465 α and β particles 449:465 α and β particles 449:465 The recent discovery using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) that fewer, smaller, α particles are found in diabetic-mouse liver compared to healthy mice highlights the need to achieve greater accuracy in the size separation methods used to analyze α and β particles. 24508396 4 44 theme dimethyl 852:859 arg1 % 874:874 dimethyl sulfoxide/0.5% 852:874 dimethyl sulfoxide/0.5% 852:874 The conditions for SEC of pig-liver glycogen, phytoglycogen and oyster glycogen were optimized by comparing two different eluents, aqueous 50 mM NH₄NO₃/0.02% NaN₃ and dimethyl sulfoxide/0.5% LiBr, run through different column materials and pore sizes at various flow rates. 24508396 3 45 theme aqueous 601:607 arg1 eluent 609:614 an aqueous eluent 598:614 an aqueous eluent 598:614 While past studies have used dimethyl sulfoxide as the SEC eluent to analyze the molecular size and structure of native glycogen, an aqueous eluent has not been rigorously tested and compared with dimethyl sulfoxide. 24508396 2 46 theme size-exclusion 226:239 arg1 chromatography 241:254 size-exclusion chromatography 226:254 size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) that fewer, smaller, α particles are found in diabetic-mouse liver compared to healthy mice 226:352 The recent discovery using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) that fewer, smaller, α particles are found in diabetic-mouse liver compared to healthy mice highlights the need to achieve greater accuracy in the size separation methods used to analyze α and β particles. 24508396 2 46 theme size-exclusion 226:239 arg1 SEC 257:259 SEC 257:259 SEC 257:259 The recent discovery using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) that fewer, smaller, α particles are found in diabetic-mouse liver compared to healthy mice highlights the need to achieve greater accuracy in the size separation methods used to analyze α and β particles. 24508396 1 47 theme β 131:131 arg1 particles 133:141 glycogen β particles 122:141 glycogen β particles 122:141 Glycogen is a hyperbranched glucose polymer comprised of glycogen β particles, which can also form much larger composite α particles. 24508396 4 48 from rates 952:956 arg1 materials 911:919 different column materials 894:919 different column materials 894:919 The conditions for SEC of pig-liver glycogen, phytoglycogen and oyster glycogen were optimized by comparing two different eluents, aqueous 50 mM NH₄NO₃/0.02% NaN₃ and dimethyl sulfoxide/0.5% LiBr, run through different column materials and pore sizes at various flow rates. 24508396 4 48 from rates 952:956 arg1 sizes 930:934 pore sizes 925:934 pore sizes 925:934 The conditions for SEC of pig-liver glycogen, phytoglycogen and oyster glycogen were optimized by comparing two different eluents, aqueous 50 mM NH₄NO₃/0.02% NaN₃ and dimethyl sulfoxide/0.5% LiBr, run through different column materials and pore sizes at various flow rates. 24508396 5 49 theme size 992:995 arg1 separation 997:1006 distinct size separation 983:1006 distinct size separation of α- and β-particle peaks 983:1033 The aqueous system gave distinct size separation of α- and β-particle peaks, allowing for a more detailed and quantitative analysis and comparison between liver glycogen samples. 24508396 5 50 theme distinct 983:990 arg1 separation 997:1006 distinct size separation 983:1006 distinct size separation of α- and β-particle peaks 983:1033 The aqueous system gave distinct size separation of α- and β-particle peaks, allowing for a more detailed and quantitative analysis and comparison between liver glycogen samples. 24508396 3 51 theme past 474:477 arg1 studies 479:485 past studies 474:485 past studies 474:485 While past studies have used dimethyl sulfoxide as the SEC eluent to analyze the molecular size and structure of native glycogen, an aqueous eluent has not been rigorously tested and compared with dimethyl sulfoxide. 24508396 3 52 used used 492:495 arg2 studies 479:485 past studies 474:485 past studies 474:485 While past studies have used dimethyl sulfoxide as the SEC eluent to analyze the molecular size and structure of native glycogen, an aqueous eluent has not been rigorously tested and compared with dimethyl sulfoxide. 24508396 4 53 theme % 874:874 arg1 eluents 807:813 two different eluents 793:813 two different eluents 793:813 The conditions for SEC of pig-liver glycogen, phytoglycogen and oyster glycogen were optimized by comparing two different eluents, aqueous 50 mM NH₄NO₃/0.02% NaN₃ and dimethyl sulfoxide/0.5% LiBr, run through different column materials and pore sizes at various flow rates. 24508396 4 53 theme % 874:874 arg1 LiBr 876:879 aqueous 50 mM NH₄NO₃/0.02% NaN₃ and dimethyl sulfoxide/0.5% LiBr 816:879 aqueous 50 mM NH₄NO₃/0.02% NaN₃ and dimethyl sulfoxide/0.5% LiBr 816:879 The conditions for SEC of pig-liver glycogen, phytoglycogen and oyster glycogen were optimized by comparing two different eluents, aqueous 50 mM NH₄NO₃/0.02% NaN₃ and dimethyl sulfoxide/0.5% LiBr, run through different column materials and pore sizes at various flow rates. 24508396 2 54 theme recent 203:208 arg1 discovery 210:218 The recent discovery 199:218 The recent discovery using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) that fewer, smaller, α particles are found in diabetic-mouse liver compared to healthy mice 199:352 The recent discovery using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) that fewer, smaller, α particles are found in diabetic-mouse liver compared to healthy mice highlights the need to achieve greater accuracy in the size separation methods used to analyze α and β particles. 24508396 2 55 theme fewer 267:271 arg1 particles 285:293 fewer, smaller, α particles 267:293 fewer, smaller, α particles 267:293 The recent discovery using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) that fewer, smaller, α particles are found in diabetic-mouse liver compared to healthy mice highlights the need to achieve greater accuracy in the size separation methods used to analyze α and β particles. 24508396 4 56 theme phytoglycogen 731:743 arg1 SEC 704:706 SEC 704:706 SEC of pig-liver glycogen, phytoglycogen and oyster glycogen 704:763 The conditions for SEC of pig-liver glycogen, phytoglycogen and oyster glycogen were optimized by comparing two different eluents, aqueous 50 mM NH₄NO₃/0.02% NaN₃ and dimethyl sulfoxide/0.5% LiBr, run through different column materials and pore sizes at various flow rates. 24508396 4 57 theme oyster 749:754 arg1 glycogen 756:763 oyster glycogen 749:763 oyster glycogen 749:763 The conditions for SEC of pig-liver glycogen, phytoglycogen and oyster glycogen were optimized by comparing two different eluents, aqueous 50 mM NH₄NO₃/0.02% NaN₃ and dimethyl sulfoxide/0.5% LiBr, run through different column materials and pore sizes at various flow rates. 24508396 2 58 theme diabetic-mouse 308:321 arg1 liver 323:327 diabetic-mouse liver 308:327 diabetic-mouse liver 308:327 The recent discovery using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) that fewer, smaller, α particles are found in diabetic-mouse liver compared to healthy mice highlights the need to achieve greater accuracy in the size separation methods used to analyze α and β particles. 24508396 4 59 theme glycogen 756:763 arg1 SEC 704:706 SEC 704:706 SEC of pig-liver glycogen, phytoglycogen and oyster glycogen 704:763 The conditions for SEC of pig-liver glycogen, phytoglycogen and oyster glycogen were optimized by comparing two different eluents, aqueous 50 mM NH₄NO₃/0.02% NaN₃ and dimethyl sulfoxide/0.5% LiBr, run through different column materials and pore sizes at various flow rates. 24508396 5 60 theme α- 1011:1012 arg1 peaks 1029:1033 α- and β-particle peaks 1011:1033 α- and β-particle peaks 1011:1033 The aqueous system gave distinct size separation of α- and β-particle peaks, allowing for a more detailed and quantitative analysis and comparison between liver glycogen samples. 24508396 4 61 theme different 797:805 arg1 eluents 807:813 two different eluents 793:813 two different eluents 793:813 The conditions for SEC of pig-liver glycogen, phytoglycogen and oyster glycogen were optimized by comparing two different eluents, aqueous 50 mM NH₄NO₃/0.02% NaN₃ and dimethyl sulfoxide/0.5% LiBr, run through different column materials and pore sizes at various flow rates. 24508396 4 61 theme different 797:805 arg1 run 882:884 run 882:884 run 882:884 The conditions for SEC of pig-liver glycogen, phytoglycogen and oyster glycogen were optimized by comparing two different eluents, aqueous 50 mM NH₄NO₃/0.02% NaN₃ and dimethyl sulfoxide/0.5% LiBr, run through different column materials and pore sizes at various flow rates. 24508396 4 61 theme different 797:805 arg1 LiBr 876:879 aqueous 50 mM NH₄NO₃/0.02% NaN₃ and dimethyl sulfoxide/0.5% LiBr 816:879 aqueous 50 mM NH₄NO₃/0.02% NaN₃ and dimethyl sulfoxide/0.5% LiBr 816:879 The conditions for SEC of pig-liver glycogen, phytoglycogen and oyster glycogen were optimized by comparing two different eluents, aqueous 50 mM NH₄NO₃/0.02% NaN₃ and dimethyl sulfoxide/0.5% LiBr, run through different column materials and pore sizes at various flow rates. 24508396 2 62 from accuracy 393:400 arg1 methods 425:431 the size separation methods 405:431 the size separation methods used to analyze α and β particles 405:465 The recent discovery using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) that fewer, smaller, α particles are found in diabetic-mouse liver compared to healthy mice highlights the need to achieve greater accuracy in the size separation methods used to analyze α and β particles. 24508396 4 63 theme pore 925:928 arg1 sizes 930:934 pore sizes 925:934 pore sizes 925:934 The conditions for SEC of pig-liver glycogen, phytoglycogen and oyster glycogen were optimized by comparing two different eluents, aqueous 50 mM NH₄NO₃/0.02% NaN₃ and dimethyl sulfoxide/0.5% LiBr, run through different column materials and pore sizes at various flow rates. 24508396 5 64 theme detailed 1056:1063 arg1 analysis 1082:1089 a more detailed and quantitative analysis 1049:1089 a more detailed and quantitative analysis 1049:1089 The aqueous system gave distinct size separation of α- and β-particle peaks, allowing for a more detailed and quantitative analysis and comparison between liver glycogen samples. 24508396 0 65 theme chromatography 25:38 arg1 separation 40:49 size-exclusion chromatography separation 10:49 size-exclusion chromatography separation for glycogen 10:62 Improving size-exclusion chromatography separation for glycogen. 24508396 3 66 theme dimethyl 497:504 arg1 sulfoxide 506:514 dimethyl sulfoxide 497:514 dimethyl sulfoxide as the SEC eluent 497:532 While past studies have used dimethyl sulfoxide as the SEC eluent to analyze the molecular size and structure of native glycogen, an aqueous eluent has not been rigorously tested and compared with dimethyl sulfoxide. 24428422 5 0 with lines 934:938 arg1 chains 967:972 altered galactan side chains 945:972 altered galactan side chains 945:972 Viability of mature pollen was severely decreased in potato lines with reduced pectic arabinan, but not in lines with altered galactan side chains. 24428422 4 1 theme different 666:674 arg1 lines 687:691 different transgenic lines 666:691 different transgenic lines 666:691 Upon crossing of different transgenic lines, some transgenes were not transmitted to the next generation when these lines were used as a pollen donor, suggesting male sterility. 24428422 1 2 theme integral 142:149 arg1 part 151:154 an integral part 139:154 an integral part of the primary plant cell wall and middle lamella 139:204 Pectin is a complex polysaccharide and an integral part of the primary plant cell wall and middle lamella, contributing to cell wall mechanical strength and cell adhesion. 24428422 1 3 theme cell 223:226 arg1 wall 228:231 cell wall mechanical strength and cell adhesion 223:269 wall 228:231 Pectin is a complex polysaccharide and an integral part of the primary plant cell wall and middle lamella, contributing to cell wall mechanical strength and cell adhesion. 24428422 6 4 theme different 997:1005 arg1 stages 1021:1026 different developmental stages 997:1026 different developmental stages 997:1026 Anthers and pollen of different developmental stages were microscopically examined to study the phenotype in more detail. 24428422 7 5 from stages 1201:1206 arg1 anthers 1178:1184 mature anthers 1171:1184 mature anthers 1171:1184 Scanning electron microscopy of flowers showed collapsed pollen grains in mature anthers and in earlier stages cytoplasmic protrusions at the site of the of kin pore, eventually leading to bursting of the pollen grain and leaking of the cytoplasm. 24428422 3 6 theme pectin 483:488 arg1 acetylation 490:500 pectin acetylation 483:500 pectin acetylation 483:500 The expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in pectin acetylation, degradation of the rhamnogalacturonan backbone and type and length of neutral side chains, arabinan and galactan in particular, has been altered. 24428422 3 7 from galactan 607:614 arg1 particular 619:628 particular 619:628 particular 619:628 The expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in pectin acetylation, degradation of the rhamnogalacturonan backbone and type and length of neutral side chains, arabinan and galactan in particular, has been altered. 24428422 7 8 from site 1239:1242 arg1 protrusions 1220:1230 cytoplasmic protrusions 1208:1230 cytoplasmic protrusions at the site of the of kin pore 1208:1261 Scanning electron microscopy of flowers showed collapsed pollen grains in mature anthers and in earlier stages cytoplasmic protrusions at the site of the of kin pore, eventually leading to bursting of the pollen grain and leaking of the cytoplasm. 24428422 7 8 from site 1239:1242 arg1 stages 1201:1206 earlier stages 1193:1206 earlier stages 1193:1206 Scanning electron microscopy of flowers showed collapsed pollen grains in mature anthers and in earlier stages cytoplasmic protrusions at the site of the of kin pore, eventually leading to bursting of the pollen grain and leaking of the cytoplasm. 24428422 2 9 from relationships 309:321 arg1 wall 345:348 the cell wall 336:348 the cell wall 336:348 To understand the structure-function relationships of pectin in the cell wall, a set of transgenic potato lines with altered pectin composition was analysed. 24428422 1 10 theme mechanical 233:242 arg1 strength 244:251 mechanical strength 233:251 mechanical strength 233:251 Pectin is a complex polysaccharide and an integral part of the primary plant cell wall and middle lamella, contributing to cell wall mechanical strength and cell adhesion. 24428422 0 11 theme pollen 80:85 arg1 development 87:97 pollen development 80:97 pollen development 80:97 Pectic arabinan side chains are essential for pollen cell wall integrity during pollen development. 24428422 2 12 with lines 378:382 arg1 composition 404:414 altered pectin composition 389:414 altered pectin composition 389:414 To understand the structure-function relationships of pectin in the cell wall, a set of transgenic potato lines with altered pectin composition was analysed. 24428422 3 13 theme rhamnogalacturonan 522:539 arg1 backbone 541:548 the rhamnogalacturonan backbone 518:548 the rhamnogalacturonan backbone 518:548 The expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in pectin acetylation, degradation of the rhamnogalacturonan backbone and type and length of neutral side chains, arabinan and galactan in particular, has been altered. 24428422 7 14 theme electron 1106:1113 arg1 microscopy 1115:1124 Scanning electron microscopy 1097:1124 Scanning electron microscopy of flowers 1097:1135 Scanning electron microscopy of flowers showed collapsed pollen grains in mature anthers and in earlier stages cytoplasmic protrusions at the site of the of kin pore, eventually leading to bursting of the pollen grain and leaking of the cytoplasm. 24428422 2 15 theme cell 340:343 arg1 wall 345:348 the cell wall 336:348 the cell wall 336:348 To understand the structure-function relationships of pectin in the cell wall, a set of transgenic potato lines with altered pectin composition was analysed. 24428422 9 16 theme side 1512:1515 arg1 chains 1517:1522 pectic arabinan side chains 1496:1522 pectic arabinan side chains 1496:1522 Timing of the phenotype indicates a role for pectic arabinan side chains during remodelling of the cell wall when the pollen grain is maturing and dehydrating. 24428422 7 17 theme pollen 1154:1159 arg1 grains 1161:1166 collapsed pollen grains 1144:1166 collapsed pollen grains 1144:1166 Scanning electron microscopy of flowers showed collapsed pollen grains in mature anthers and in earlier stages cytoplasmic protrusions at the site of the of kin pore, eventually leading to bursting of the pollen grain and leaking of the cytoplasm. 24428422 7 18 theme flowers 1129:1135 arg1 microscopy 1115:1124 Scanning electron microscopy 1097:1124 Scanning electron microscopy of flowers 1097:1135 Scanning electron microscopy of flowers showed collapsed pollen grains in mature anthers and in earlier stages cytoplasmic protrusions at the site of the of kin pore, eventually leading to bursting of the pollen grain and leaking of the cytoplasm. 24428422 5 19 theme potato 880:885 arg1 lines 887:891 potato lines 880:891 potato lines with reduced pectic arabinan 880:920 Viability of mature pollen was severely decreased in potato lines with reduced pectic arabinan, but not in lines with altered galactan side chains. 24428422 2 20 theme transgenic 360:369 arg1 lines 378:382 transgenic potato lines 360:382 transgenic potato lines with altered pectin composition 360:414 To understand the structure-function relationships of pectin in the cell wall, a set of transgenic potato lines with altered pectin composition was analysed. 24428422 5 21 with lines 887:891 arg1 arabinan 913:920 reduced pectic arabinan 898:920 reduced pectic arabinan 898:920 Viability of mature pollen was severely decreased in potato lines with reduced pectic arabinan, but not in lines with altered galactan side chains. 24428422 4 22 theme next 738:741 arg1 generation 743:752 the next generation 734:752 the next generation 734:752 Upon crossing of different transgenic lines, some transgenes were not transmitted to the next generation when these lines were used as a pollen donor, suggesting male sterility. 24428422 3 23 from arabinan 594:601 arg1 particular 619:628 particular 619:628 particular 619:628 The expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in pectin acetylation, degradation of the rhamnogalacturonan backbone and type and length of neutral side chains, arabinan and galactan in particular, has been altered. 24428422 0 24 theme arabinan 7:14 arg1 chains 21:26 Pectic arabinan side chains 0:26 Pectic arabinan side chains 0:26 Pectic arabinan side chains are essential for pollen cell wall integrity during pollen development. 24428422 4 25 theme male 811:814 arg1 sterility 816:824 male sterility 811:824 male sterility 811:824 Upon crossing of different transgenic lines, some transgenes were not transmitted to the next generation when these lines were used as a pollen donor, suggesting male sterility. 24428422 5 26 theme altered 945:951 arg1 chains 967:972 altered galactan side chains 945:972 altered galactan side chains 945:972 Viability of mature pollen was severely decreased in potato lines with reduced pectic arabinan, but not in lines with altered galactan side chains. 24428422 2 27 theme structure-function 290:307 arg1 relationships 309:321 the structure-function relationships 286:321 the structure-function relationships of pectin in the cell wall 286:348 To understand the structure-function relationships of pectin in the cell wall, a set of transgenic potato lines with altered pectin composition was analysed. 24428422 1 28 theme primary 163:169 arg1 wall 182:185 the primary plant cell wall 159:185 the primary plant cell wall 159:185 Pectin is a complex polysaccharide and an integral part of the primary plant cell wall and middle lamella, contributing to cell wall mechanical strength and cell adhesion. 24428422 0 29 theme Pectic 0:5 arg1 chains 21:26 Pectic arabinan side chains 0:26 Pectic arabinan side chains 0:26 Pectic arabinan side chains are essential for pollen cell wall integrity during pollen development. 24428422 9 30 theme arabinan 1503:1510 arg1 chains 1517:1522 pectic arabinan side chains 1496:1522 pectic arabinan side chains 1496:1522 Timing of the phenotype indicates a role for pectic arabinan side chains during remodelling of the cell wall when the pollen grain is maturing and dehydrating. 24428422 5 31 theme reduced 898:904 arg1 arabinan 913:920 reduced pectic arabinan 898:920 reduced pectic arabinan 898:920 Viability of mature pollen was severely decreased in potato lines with reduced pectic arabinan, but not in lines with altered galactan side chains. 24428422 1 32 theme plant 171:175 arg1 wall 182:185 the primary plant cell wall 159:185 the primary plant cell wall 159:185 Pectin is a complex polysaccharide and an integral part of the primary plant cell wall and middle lamella, contributing to cell wall mechanical strength and cell adhesion. 24428422 1 33 theme cell 257:260 arg1 adhesion 262:269 cell adhesion 257:269 cell adhesion 257:269 Pectin is a complex polysaccharide and an integral part of the primary plant cell wall and middle lamella, contributing to cell wall mechanical strength and cell adhesion. 24428422 3 34 theme backbone 541:548 arg1 type 554:557 type 554:557 type 554:557 The expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in pectin acetylation, degradation of the rhamnogalacturonan backbone and type and length of neutral side chains, arabinan and galactan in particular, has been altered. 24428422 3 34 theme backbone 541:548 arg1 degradation 503:513 degradation 503:513 degradation of the rhamnogalacturonan backbone 503:548 The expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in pectin acetylation, degradation of the rhamnogalacturonan backbone and type and length of neutral side chains, arabinan and galactan in particular, has been altered. 24428422 3 34 theme backbone 541:548 arg1 acetylation 490:500 pectin acetylation 483:500 pectin acetylation 483:500 The expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in pectin acetylation, degradation of the rhamnogalacturonan backbone and type and length of neutral side chains, arabinan and galactan in particular, has been altered. 24428422 3 34 theme backbone 541:548 arg1 length 563:568 length 563:568 length 563:568 The expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in pectin acetylation, degradation of the rhamnogalacturonan backbone and type and length of neutral side chains, arabinan and galactan in particular, has been altered. 24428422 5 35 theme side 962:965 arg1 chains 967:972 altered galactan side chains 945:972 altered galactan side chains 945:972 Viability of mature pollen was severely decreased in potato lines with reduced pectic arabinan, but not in lines with altered galactan side chains. 24428422 1 36 theme cell 177:180 arg1 wall 182:185 the primary plant cell wall 159:185 the primary plant cell wall 159:185 Pectin is a complex polysaccharide and an integral part of the primary plant cell wall and middle lamella, contributing to cell wall mechanical strength and cell adhesion. 24428422 2 37 theme pectin 397:402 arg1 composition 404:414 altered pectin composition 389:414 altered pectin composition 389:414 To understand the structure-function relationships of pectin in the cell wall, a set of transgenic potato lines with altered pectin composition was analysed. 24428422 1 38 theme middle 191:196 arg1 lamella 198:204 middle lamella 191:204 middle lamella 191:204 Pectin is a complex polysaccharide and an integral part of the primary plant cell wall and middle lamella, contributing to cell wall mechanical strength and cell adhesion. 24428422 7 39 theme cytoplasmic 1208:1218 arg1 protrusions 1220:1230 cytoplasmic protrusions 1208:1230 cytoplasmic protrusions at the site of the of kin pore 1208:1261 Scanning electron microscopy of flowers showed collapsed pollen grains in mature anthers and in earlier stages cytoplasmic protrusions at the site of the of kin pore, eventually leading to bursting of the pollen grain and leaking of the cytoplasm. 24428422 1 40 theme wall 182:185 arg1 Pectin 100:105 Pectin 100:105 Pectin 100:105 Pectin is a complex polysaccharide and an integral part of the primary plant cell wall and middle lamella, contributing to cell wall mechanical strength and cell adhesion. 24428422 1 40 theme wall 182:185 arg1 polysaccharide 120:133 a complex polysaccharide 110:133 a complex polysaccharide 110:133 Pectin is a complex polysaccharide and an integral part of the primary plant cell wall and middle lamella, contributing to cell wall mechanical strength and cell adhesion. 24428422 1 40 theme wall 182:185 arg1 part 151:154 an integral part 139:154 an integral part of the primary plant cell wall and middle lamella 139:204 Pectin is a complex polysaccharide and an integral part of the primary plant cell wall and middle lamella, contributing to cell wall mechanical strength and cell adhesion. 24428422 7 41 theme kin 1254:1256 arg1 pore 1258:1261 kin pore 1254:1261 kin pore 1254:1261 Scanning electron microscopy of flowers showed collapsed pollen grains in mature anthers and in earlier stages cytoplasmic protrusions at the site of the of kin pore, eventually leading to bursting of the pollen grain and leaking of the cytoplasm. 24428422 4 42 theme transgenic 676:685 arg1 lines 687:691 different transgenic lines 666:691 different transgenic lines 666:691 Upon crossing of different transgenic lines, some transgenes were not transmitted to the next generation when these lines were used as a pollen donor, suggesting male sterility. 24428422 6 43 theme more 1084:1087 arg1 detail 1089:1094 more detail 1084:1094 more detail 1084:1094 Anthers and pollen of different developmental stages were microscopically examined to study the phenotype in more detail. 24428422 3 44 theme neutral 573:579 arg1 chains 586:591 neutral side chains 573:591 neutral side chains 573:591 The expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in pectin acetylation, degradation of the rhamnogalacturonan backbone and type and length of neutral side chains, arabinan and galactan in particular, has been altered. 24428422 6 45 theme developmental 1007:1019 arg1 stages 1021:1026 different developmental stages 997:1026 different developmental stages 997:1026 Anthers and pollen of different developmental stages were microscopically examined to study the phenotype in more detail. 24428422 2 46 theme lines 378:382 arg1 lines 378:382 transgenic potato lines 360:382 transgenic potato lines with altered pectin composition 360:414 To understand the structure-function relationships of pectin in the cell wall, a set of transgenic potato lines with altered pectin composition was analysed. 24428422 2 46 theme lines 378:382 arg1 set 353:355 a set 351:355 a set of transgenic potato lines with altered pectin composition 351:414 To understand the structure-function relationships of pectin in the cell wall, a set of transgenic potato lines with altered pectin composition was analysed. 24428422 6 47 theme stages 1021:1026 arg1 pollen 987:992 pollen 987:992 pollen 987:992 Anthers and pollen of different developmental stages were microscopically examined to study the phenotype in more detail. 24428422 6 47 theme stages 1021:1026 arg1 Anthers 975:981 Anthers 975:981 Anthers 975:981 Anthers and pollen of different developmental stages were microscopically examined to study the phenotype in more detail. 24428422 7 48 theme cytoplasm 1334:1342 arg1 leaking 1319:1325 leaking 1319:1325 leaking 1319:1325 Scanning electron microscopy of flowers showed collapsed pollen grains in mature anthers and in earlier stages cytoplasmic protrusions at the site of the of kin pore, eventually leading to bursting of the pollen grain and leaking of the cytoplasm. 24428422 3 49 theme side 581:584 arg1 chains 586:591 neutral side chains 573:591 neutral side chains 573:591 The expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in pectin acetylation, degradation of the rhamnogalacturonan backbone and type and length of neutral side chains, arabinan and galactan in particular, has been altered. 24428422 2 50 theme potato 371:376 arg1 lines 378:382 transgenic potato lines 360:382 transgenic potato lines with altered pectin composition 360:414 To understand the structure-function relationships of pectin in the cell wall, a set of transgenic potato lines with altered pectin composition was analysed. 24428422 0 51 theme pollen 46:51 arg1 integrity 63:71 pollen cell wall integrity 46:71 pollen cell wall integrity 46:71 Pectic arabinan side chains are essential for pollen cell wall integrity during pollen development. 24428422 9 52 theme phenotype 1465:1473 arg1 Timing 1451:1456 Timing 1451:1456 Timing of the phenotype 1451:1473 Timing of the phenotype indicates a role for pectic arabinan side chains during remodelling of the cell wall when the pollen grain is maturing and dehydrating. 24428422 7 53 theme earlier 1193:1199 arg1 stages 1201:1206 earlier stages 1193:1206 earlier stages 1193:1206 Scanning electron microscopy of flowers showed collapsed pollen grains in mature anthers and in earlier stages cytoplasmic protrusions at the site of the of kin pore, eventually leading to bursting of the pollen grain and leaking of the cytoplasm. 24428422 4 54 theme pollen 786:791 arg1 lines 765:769 these lines 759:769 these lines 759:769 Upon crossing of different transgenic lines, some transgenes were not transmitted to the next generation when these lines were used as a pollen donor, suggesting male sterility. 24428422 4 54 theme pollen 786:791 arg1 donor 793:797 a pollen donor 784:797 a pollen donor 784:797 Upon crossing of different transgenic lines, some transgenes were not transmitted to the next generation when these lines were used as a pollen donor, suggesting male sterility. 24428422 6 55 from phenotype 1071:1079 arg1 detail 1089:1094 more detail 1084:1094 more detail 1084:1094 Anthers and pollen of different developmental stages were microscopically examined to study the phenotype in more detail. 24428422 4 56 theme lines 687:691 arg1 crossing 654:661 crossing 654:661 crossing of different transgenic lines 654:691 Upon crossing of different transgenic lines, some transgenes were not transmitted to the next generation when these lines were used as a pollen donor, suggesting male sterility. 24428422 7 57 theme Scanning 1097:1104 arg1 microscopy 1115:1124 Scanning electron microscopy 1097:1124 Scanning electron microscopy of flowers 1097:1135 Scanning electron microscopy of flowers showed collapsed pollen grains in mature anthers and in earlier stages cytoplasmic protrusions at the site of the of kin pore, eventually leading to bursting of the pollen grain and leaking of the cytoplasm. 24428422 7 58 from protrusions 1220:1230 arg1 anthers 1178:1184 mature anthers 1171:1184 mature anthers 1171:1184 Scanning electron microscopy of flowers showed collapsed pollen grains in mature anthers and in earlier stages cytoplasmic protrusions at the site of the of kin pore, eventually leading to bursting of the pollen grain and leaking of the cytoplasm. 24428422 9 59 theme cell 1550:1553 arg1 wall 1555:1558 the cell wall 1546:1558 the cell wall 1546:1558 Timing of the phenotype indicates a role for pectic arabinan side chains during remodelling of the cell wall when the pollen grain is maturing and dehydrating. 24428422 2 60 theme pectin 326:331 arg1 relationships 309:321 the structure-function relationships 286:321 the structure-function relationships of pectin in the cell wall 286:348 To understand the structure-function relationships of pectin in the cell wall, a set of transgenic potato lines with altered pectin composition was analysed. 24428422 5 61 theme galactan 953:960 arg1 chains 967:972 altered galactan side chains 945:972 altered galactan side chains 945:972 Viability of mature pollen was severely decreased in potato lines with reduced pectic arabinan, but not in lines with altered galactan side chains. 24428422 9 62 theme wall 1555:1558 arg1 remodelling 1531:1541 remodelling 1531:1541 remodelling of the cell wall 1531:1558 Timing of the phenotype indicates a role for pectic arabinan side chains during remodelling of the cell wall when the pollen grain is maturing and dehydrating. 24428422 7 63 theme pollen 1302:1307 arg1 grain 1309:1313 the pollen grain 1298:1313 the pollen grain 1298:1313 Scanning electron microscopy of flowers showed collapsed pollen grains in mature anthers and in earlier stages cytoplasmic protrusions at the site of the of kin pore, eventually leading to bursting of the pollen grain and leaking of the cytoplasm. 24428422 9 64 theme pollen 1569:1574 arg1 maturing 1585:1592 maturing 1585:1592 maturing 1585:1592 Timing of the phenotype indicates a role for pectic arabinan side chains during remodelling of the cell wall when the pollen grain is maturing and dehydrating. 24428422 9 64 theme pollen 1569:1574 arg1 grain 1576:1580 the pollen grain 1565:1580 the pollen grain 1565:1580 Timing of the phenotype indicates a role for pectic arabinan side chains during remodelling of the cell wall when the pollen grain is maturing and dehydrating. 24428422 1 65 theme complex 112:118 arg1 polysaccharide 120:133 a complex polysaccharide 110:133 a complex polysaccharide 110:133 Pectin is a complex polysaccharide and an integral part of the primary plant cell wall and middle lamella, contributing to cell wall mechanical strength and cell adhesion. 24428422 1 65 theme complex 112:118 arg1 Pectin 100:105 Pectin 100:105 Pectin 100:105 Pectin is a complex polysaccharide and an integral part of the primary plant cell wall and middle lamella, contributing to cell wall mechanical strength and cell adhesion. 24428422 5 66 theme pectic 906:911 arg1 arabinan 913:920 reduced pectic arabinan 898:920 reduced pectic arabinan 898:920 Viability of mature pollen was severely decreased in potato lines with reduced pectic arabinan, but not in lines with altered galactan side chains. 24428422 1 67 theme lamella 198:204 arg1 Pectin 100:105 Pectin 100:105 Pectin 100:105 Pectin is a complex polysaccharide and an integral part of the primary plant cell wall and middle lamella, contributing to cell wall mechanical strength and cell adhesion. 24428422 1 67 theme lamella 198:204 arg1 polysaccharide 120:133 a complex polysaccharide 110:133 a complex polysaccharide 110:133 Pectin is a complex polysaccharide and an integral part of the primary plant cell wall and middle lamella, contributing to cell wall mechanical strength and cell adhesion. 24428422 1 67 theme lamella 198:204 arg1 part 151:154 an integral part 139:154 an integral part of the primary plant cell wall and middle lamella 139:204 Pectin is a complex polysaccharide and an integral part of the primary plant cell wall and middle lamella, contributing to cell wall mechanical strength and cell adhesion. 24428422 9 68 theme pectic 1496:1501 arg1 chains 1517:1522 pectic arabinan side chains 1496:1522 pectic arabinan side chains 1496:1522 Timing of the phenotype indicates a role for pectic arabinan side chains during remodelling of the cell wall when the pollen grain is maturing and dehydrating. 24428422 7 69 theme the 1247:1249 arg1 site 1239:1242 the site 1235:1242 the site of the of kin pore 1235:1261 Scanning electron microscopy of flowers showed collapsed pollen grains in mature anthers and in earlier stages cytoplasmic protrusions at the site of the of kin pore, eventually leading to bursting of the pollen grain and leaking of the cytoplasm. 24428422 7 69 theme the 1247:1249 arg1 the 1247:1249 the 1247:1249 the 1247:1249 Scanning electron microscopy of flowers showed collapsed pollen grains in mature anthers and in earlier stages cytoplasmic protrusions at the site of the of kin pore, eventually leading to bursting of the pollen grain and leaking of the cytoplasm. 24428422 7 70 theme grain 1309:1313 arg1 bursting 1286:1293 bursting 1286:1293 bursting of the pollen grain 1286:1313 Scanning electron microscopy of flowers showed collapsed pollen grains in mature anthers and in earlier stages cytoplasmic protrusions at the site of the of kin pore, eventually leading to bursting of the pollen grain and leaking of the cytoplasm. 24428422 3 71 theme genes 448:452 arg1 arabinan 594:601 arabinan 594:601 arabinan 594:601 The expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in pectin acetylation, degradation of the rhamnogalacturonan backbone and type and length of neutral side chains, arabinan and galactan in particular, has been altered. 24428422 3 71 theme genes 448:452 arg1 galactan 607:614 galactan 607:614 galactan 607:614 The expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in pectin acetylation, degradation of the rhamnogalacturonan backbone and type and length of neutral side chains, arabinan and galactan in particular, has been altered. 24428422 3 71 theme genes 448:452 arg1 expression 434:443 The expression 430:443 The expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in pectin acetylation, degradation of the rhamnogalacturonan backbone and type and length of neutral side chains 430:591 The expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in pectin acetylation, degradation of the rhamnogalacturonan backbone and type and length of neutral side chains, arabinan and galactan in particular, has been altered. 24428422 0 72 theme wall 58:61 arg1 integrity 63:71 pollen cell wall integrity 46:71 pollen cell wall integrity 46:71 Pectic arabinan side chains are essential for pollen cell wall integrity during pollen development. 24428422 1 73 dep wall 228:231 arg1 strength 244:251 mechanical strength 233:251 mechanical strength 233:251 Pectin is a complex polysaccharide and an integral part of the primary plant cell wall and middle lamella, contributing to cell wall mechanical strength and cell adhesion. 24428422 3 74 theme chains 586:591 arg1 type 554:557 type 554:557 type 554:557 The expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in pectin acetylation, degradation of the rhamnogalacturonan backbone and type and length of neutral side chains, arabinan and galactan in particular, has been altered. 24428422 3 74 theme chains 586:591 arg1 degradation 503:513 degradation 503:513 degradation of the rhamnogalacturonan backbone 503:548 The expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in pectin acetylation, degradation of the rhamnogalacturonan backbone and type and length of neutral side chains, arabinan and galactan in particular, has been altered. 24428422 3 74 theme chains 586:591 arg1 acetylation 490:500 pectin acetylation 483:500 pectin acetylation 483:500 The expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in pectin acetylation, degradation of the rhamnogalacturonan backbone and type and length of neutral side chains, arabinan and galactan in particular, has been altered. 24428422 3 74 theme chains 586:591 arg1 length 563:568 length 563:568 length 563:568 The expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in pectin acetylation, degradation of the rhamnogalacturonan backbone and type and length of neutral side chains, arabinan and galactan in particular, has been altered. 24428422 2 75 theme altered 389:395 arg1 composition 404:414 altered pectin composition 389:414 altered pectin composition 389:414 To understand the structure-function relationships of pectin in the cell wall, a set of transgenic potato lines with altered pectin composition was analysed. 24428422 5 76 theme mature 840:845 arg1 pollen 847:852 mature pollen 840:852 mature pollen 840:852 Viability of mature pollen was severely decreased in potato lines with reduced pectic arabinan, but not in lines with altered galactan side chains. 24428422 4 77 used used 776:779 arg2 donor 793:797 a pollen donor 784:797 a pollen donor 784:797 Upon crossing of different transgenic lines, some transgenes were not transmitted to the next generation when these lines were used as a pollen donor, suggesting male sterility. 24428422 4 77 used used 776:779 arg2 lines 765:769 these lines 759:769 these lines 759:769 Upon crossing of different transgenic lines, some transgenes were not transmitted to the next generation when these lines were used as a pollen donor, suggesting male sterility. 24428422 0 78 theme cell 53:56 arg1 integrity 63:71 pollen cell wall integrity 46:71 pollen cell wall integrity 46:71 Pectic arabinan side chains are essential for pollen cell wall integrity during pollen development. 24428422 0 79 theme side 16:19 arg1 chains 21:26 Pectic arabinan side chains 0:26 Pectic arabinan side chains 0:26 Pectic arabinan side chains are essential for pollen cell wall integrity during pollen development. 24428422 5 80 theme pollen 847:852 arg1 Viability 827:835 Viability 827:835 Viability of mature pollen 827:852 Viability of mature pollen was severely decreased in potato lines with reduced pectic arabinan, but not in lines with altered galactan side chains. 24428422 7 81 theme collapsed 1144:1152 arg1 grains 1161:1166 collapsed pollen grains 1144:1166 collapsed pollen grains 1144:1166 Scanning electron microscopy of flowers showed collapsed pollen grains in mature anthers and in earlier stages cytoplasmic protrusions at the site of the of kin pore, eventually leading to bursting of the pollen grain and leaking of the cytoplasm. 24428422 7 82 theme mature 1171:1176 arg1 anthers 1178:1184 mature anthers 1171:1184 mature anthers 1171:1184 Scanning electron microscopy of flowers showed collapsed pollen grains in mature anthers and in earlier stages cytoplasmic protrusions at the site of the of kin pore, eventually leading to bursting of the pollen grain and leaking of the cytoplasm. 28819389 6 0 theme processing 860:869 arg1 software 816:823 the software 812:823 the software of MALDI-MS sample acquisition and processing 812:869 Peaks were acquired by the software of MALDI-MS sample acquisition and processing and analyzed by the software of Progenesis MALDI. 28819389 7 1 theme core 1175:1178 arg1 fucose 1180:1185 core fucose 1175:1185 core fucose 1175:1185 Results: The differences in glycosylation were found between non-cancer controls and gastric cancer samples: hybrid and multi-branched type (tri-, tetra-antennnary glycans) N-glycans were increased in GC, yet monoantennary, galactose, bisecting type and core fucose N-glycans were decreased. 28819389 4 2 theme comprehensive 521:533 arg1 analysis 550:557 the comprehensive serum glycomic analysis 517:557 the comprehensive serum glycomic analysis in order to investigate glycan markers that would indicate the onset and progression of gastric cancer 517:660 Method: Ethyl esterification derivatization combined with MALDI-TOF MS analysis was employed for the comprehensive serum glycomic analysis in order to investigate glycan markers that would indicate the onset and progression of gastric cancer. 28819389 11 3 theme glycan 1747:1752 arg1 changes 1754:1760 the serum glycan changes 1737:1760 the serum glycan changes in different stages of GC patients including peritoneal metastasis for the first time 1737:1846 Conclusion: We comprehensively evaluate the serum glycan changes in different stages of GC patients including peritoneal metastasis for the first time. 28819389 11 3 theme glycan 1747:1752 arg1 metastasis 1818:1827 peritoneal metastasis 1807:1827 peritoneal metastasis for the first time 1807:1846 Conclusion: We comprehensively evaluate the serum glycan changes in different stages of GC patients including peritoneal metastasis for the first time. 28819389 6 4 theme acquisition 844:854 arg1 software 816:823 the software 812:823 the software of MALDI-MS sample acquisition and processing 812:869 Peaks were acquired by the software of MALDI-MS sample acquisition and processing and analyzed by the software of Progenesis MALDI. 28819389 4 5 theme glycomic 541:548 arg1 analysis 550:557 the comprehensive serum glycomic analysis 517:557 the comprehensive serum glycomic analysis in order to investigate glycan markers that would indicate the onset and progression of gastric cancer 517:660 Method: Ethyl esterification derivatization combined with MALDI-TOF MS analysis was employed for the comprehensive serum glycomic analysis in order to investigate glycan markers that would indicate the onset and progression of gastric cancer. 28819389 7 6 theme tri- 1062:1065 arg1 N-glycans 1094:1102 hybrid and multi-branched type (tri-, tetra-antennnary glycans) N-glycans 1030:1102 hybrid and multi-branched type (tri-, tetra-antennnary glycans) N-glycans 1030:1102 Results: The differences in glycosylation were found between non-cancer controls and gastric cancer samples: hybrid and multi-branched type (tri-, tetra-antennnary glycans) N-glycans were increased in GC, yet monoantennary, galactose, bisecting type and core fucose N-glycans were decreased. 28819389 7 6 theme tri- 1062:1065 arg1 glycans 1085:1091 tri-, tetra-antennnary glycans 1062:1091 tri-, tetra-antennnary glycans 1062:1091 Results: The differences in glycosylation were found between non-cancer controls and gastric cancer samples: hybrid and multi-branched type (tri-, tetra-antennnary glycans) N-glycans were increased in GC, yet monoantennary, galactose, bisecting type and core fucose N-glycans were decreased. 28819389 10 7 theme AUC 1599:1601 arg1 scores 1603:1608 AUC scores 1599:1608 AUC scores 1599:1608 Besides, several individual glycan structures reached both statistical criteria (p-values less than 0.05 and AUC scores that were at least moderately accurate) when comparing different stages of GC samples. 28819389 1 8 theme related 210:216 arg1 death 218:222 cancer related death 203:222 cancer related death 203:222 Purpose: Gastric cancer (GC), one of the world's top five most common cancers, is the third leading cause of cancer related death. 28819389 6 9 theme MALDI-MS 828:835 arg1 acquisition 844:854 MALDI-MS sample acquisition 828:854 MALDI-MS sample acquisition 828:854 Peaks were acquired by the software of MALDI-MS sample acquisition and processing and analyzed by the software of Progenesis MALDI. 28819389 10 10 theme glycan 1518:1523 arg1 structures 1525:1534 several individual glycan structures 1499:1534 several individual glycan structures 1499:1534 Besides, several individual glycan structures reached both statistical criteria (p-values less than 0.05 and AUC scores that were at least moderately accurate) when comparing different stages of GC samples. 28819389 9 11 dep 0.9483 1481:1486 arg1 to 1478:1479 to 1478:1479 to 1478:1479 The diagnostic potential of core fucose was further validated in an independent cohort (AUC=0.854, 95%CI: 0.7592 to 0.9483). 28819389 7 12 theme type 1056:1059 arg1 N-glycans 1094:1102 hybrid and multi-branched type (tri-, tetra-antennnary glycans) N-glycans 1030:1102 hybrid and multi-branched type (tri-, tetra-antennnary glycans) N-glycans 1030:1102 Results: The differences in glycosylation were found between non-cancer controls and gastric cancer samples: hybrid and multi-branched type (tri-, tetra-antennnary glycans) N-glycans were increased in GC, yet monoantennary, galactose, bisecting type and core fucose N-glycans were decreased. 28819389 7 12 theme type 1056:1059 arg1 glycans 1085:1091 tri-, tetra-antennnary glycans 1062:1091 tri-, tetra-antennnary glycans 1062:1091 Results: The differences in glycosylation were found between non-cancer controls and gastric cancer samples: hybrid and multi-branched type (tri-, tetra-antennnary glycans) N-glycans were increased in GC, yet monoantennary, galactose, bisecting type and core fucose N-glycans were decreased. 28819389 13 13 theme gastric 2082:2088 arg1 cancer 2090:2095 gastric cancer 2082:2095 gastric cancer 2082:2095 The findings also enhance understanding of gastric cancer. 28819389 7 14 dep tri- 1062:1065 arg1 tetra-antennnary 1068:1083 tetra-antennnary 1068:1083 tetra-antennnary 1068:1083 Results: The differences in glycosylation were found between non-cancer controls and gastric cancer samples: hybrid and multi-branched type (tri-, tetra-antennnary glycans) N-glycans were increased in GC, yet monoantennary, galactose, bisecting type and core fucose N-glycans were decreased. 28819389 12 15 theme several 1863:1869 arg1 biomarkers 1880:1889 several N-glycan biomarkers 1863:1889 several N-glycan biomarkers 1863:1889 We determined several N-glycan biomarkers, some of these have potential in distinguishing the early stage GC from healthy controls, and the others can help to monitor the progression of GC. 28819389 6 16 theme MALDI 914:918 arg1 software 891:898 the software 887:898 the software of Progenesis MALDI 887:918 Peaks were acquired by the software of MALDI-MS sample acquisition and processing and analyzed by the software of Progenesis MALDI. 28819389 4 17 theme glycan 583:588 arg1 markers 590:596 glycan markers 583:596 glycan markers that would indicate the onset and progression of gastric cancer 583:660 Method: Ethyl esterification derivatization combined with MALDI-TOF MS analysis was employed for the comprehensive serum glycomic analysis in order to investigate glycan markers that would indicate the onset and progression of gastric cancer. 28819389 9 18 theme diagnostic 1369:1378 arg1 potential 1380:1388 The diagnostic potential 1365:1388 The diagnostic potential of core fucose 1365:1403 The diagnostic potential of core fucose was further validated in an independent cohort (AUC=0.854, 95%CI: 0.7592 to 0.9483). 28819389 12 19 theme stage 1949:1953 arg1 GC 1955:1956 the early stage GC 1939:1956 the early stage GC 1939:1956 We determined several N-glycan biomarkers, some of these have potential in distinguishing the early stage GC from healthy controls, and the others can help to monitor the progression of GC. 28819389 8 20 theme training 1216:1223 arg1 set 1225:1227 training set 1216:1227 training set 1216:1227 In training set, core fucose (AUC=0.923, 95%CI: 0.8485 to 0.9967) played an excellent diagnostic performance for the early detection of gastric cancer. 28819389 7 21 theme cancer 1014:1019 arg1 samples 1021:1027 gastric cancer samples 1006:1027 gastric cancer samples 1006:1027 Results: The differences in glycosylation were found between non-cancer controls and gastric cancer samples: hybrid and multi-branched type (tri-, tetra-antennnary glycans) N-glycans were increased in GC, yet monoantennary, galactose, bisecting type and core fucose N-glycans were decreased. 28819389 8 22 theme cancer 1357:1362 arg1 detection 1336:1344 the early detection 1326:1344 the early detection of gastric cancer 1326:1362 In training set, core fucose (AUC=0.923, 95%CI: 0.8485 to 0.9967) played an excellent diagnostic performance for the early detection of gastric cancer. 28819389 10 23 theme different 1665:1673 arg1 stages 1675:1680 different stages 1665:1680 different stages of GC samples 1665:1694 Besides, several individual glycan structures reached both statistical criteria (p-values less than 0.05 and AUC scores that were at least moderately accurate) when comparing different stages of GC samples. 28819389 9 24 theme fucose 1398:1403 arg1 potential 1380:1388 The diagnostic potential 1365:1388 The diagnostic potential of core fucose 1365:1403 The diagnostic potential of core fucose was further validated in an independent cohort (AUC=0.854, 95%CI: 0.7592 to 0.9483). 28819389 12 25 theme healthy 1963:1969 arg1 controls 1971:1978 healthy controls 1963:1978 healthy controls 1963:1978 We determined several N-glycan biomarkers, some of these have potential in distinguishing the early stage GC from healthy controls, and the others can help to monitor the progression of GC. 28819389 7 26 theme non-cancer 982:991 arg1 controls 993:1000 non-cancer controls 982:1000 non-cancer controls 982:1000 Results: The differences in glycosylation were found between non-cancer controls and gastric cancer samples: hybrid and multi-branched type (tri-, tetra-antennnary glycans) N-glycans were increased in GC, yet monoantennary, galactose, bisecting type and core fucose N-glycans were decreased. 28819389 9 27 dep CI 1467:1468 arg1 0.9483 1481:1486 0.9483 1481:1486 0.9483 1481:1486 The diagnostic potential of core fucose was further validated in an independent cohort (AUC=0.854, 95%CI: 0.7592 to 0.9483). 28819389 10 28 theme samples 1688:1694 arg1 stages 1675:1680 different stages 1665:1680 different stages of GC samples 1665:1694 Besides, several individual glycan structures reached both statistical criteria (p-values less than 0.05 and AUC scores that were at least moderately accurate) when comparing different stages of GC samples. 28819389 12 29 theme N-glycan 1871:1878 arg1 biomarkers 1880:1889 several N-glycan biomarkers 1863:1889 several N-glycan biomarkers 1863:1889 We determined several N-glycan biomarkers, some of these have potential in distinguishing the early stage GC from healthy controls, and the others can help to monitor the progression of GC. 28819389 4 30 theme gastric 647:653 arg1 cancer 655:660 gastric cancer 647:660 gastric cancer 647:660 Method: Ethyl esterification derivatization combined with MALDI-TOF MS analysis was employed for the comprehensive serum glycomic analysis in order to investigate glycan markers that would indicate the onset and progression of gastric cancer. 28819389 0 31 theme Gastric 78:84 arg1 Cancer 86:91 Gastric Cancer 78:91 Gastric Cancer 78:91 Discovery of Non-invasive Glycan Biomarkers for Detection and Surveillance of Gastric Cancer. 28819389 9 32 theme independent 1433:1443 arg1 cohort 1445:1450 an independent cohort 1430:1450 an independent cohort (AUC=0.854, 95%CI: 0.7592 to 0.9483) 1430:1487 The diagnostic potential of core fucose was further validated in an independent cohort (AUC=0.854, 95%CI: 0.7592 to 0.9483). 28819389 9 32 theme independent 1433:1443 arg1 CI 1467:1468 AUC=0.854, 95%CI 1453:1468 CI 1467:1468 The diagnostic potential of core fucose was further validated in an independent cohort (AUC=0.854, 95%CI: 0.7592 to 0.9483). 28819389 4 33 theme esterification 434:447 arg1 derivatization 449:462 Ethyl esterification derivatization 428:462 Ethyl esterification derivatization combined with MALDI-TOF MS analysis 428:498 Method: Ethyl esterification derivatization combined with MALDI-TOF MS analysis was employed for the comprehensive serum glycomic analysis in order to investigate glycan markers that would indicate the onset and progression of gastric cancer. 28819389 7 34 theme galactose 1145:1153 arg1 N-glycans 1187:1195 monoantennary, galactose, bisecting type and core fucose N-glycans 1130:1195 monoantennary, galactose, bisecting type and core fucose N-glycans 1130:1195 Results: The differences in glycosylation were found between non-cancer controls and gastric cancer samples: hybrid and multi-branched type (tri-, tetra-antennnary glycans) N-glycans were increased in GC, yet monoantennary, galactose, bisecting type and core fucose N-glycans were decreased. 28819389 5 35 theme candidate 689:697 arg1 biomarkers 699:708 the candidate biomarkers 685:708 the candidate biomarkers 685:708 Upon the discovery of the candidate biomarkers, those with great potential were further validated in an independent test set. 28819389 5 36 theme biomarkers 699:708 arg1 discovery 672:680 the discovery 668:680 the discovery of the candidate biomarkers 668:708 Upon the discovery of the candidate biomarkers, those with great potential were further validated in an independent test set. 28819389 3 37 theme early 353:357 arg1 detection 359:367 detection 359:367 detection 359:367 The objective of our study was to find out non-invasive biomarkers for early detection and surveillance of GC based on glycomic analysis. 28819389 1 38 theme death 218:222 arg1 Purpose 94:100 Purpose 94:100 Purpose: Gastric cancer (GC), one of the world's top five most common cancers, is the third leading cause of cancer related death. 94:223 Purpose: Gastric cancer (GC), one of the world's top five most common cancers, is the third leading cause of cancer related death. 28819389 1 38 theme death 218:222 arg1 cancer 111:116 Gastric cancer 103:116 Gastric cancer (GC) 103:121 Purpose: Gastric cancer (GC), one of the world's top five most common cancers, is the third leading cause of cancer related death. 28819389 1 38 theme death 218:222 arg1 cause 194:198 the third leading cause 176:198 the third leading cause of cancer related death 176:222 Purpose: Gastric cancer (GC), one of the world's top five most common cancers, is the third leading cause of cancer related death. 28819389 9 39 theme % 1466:1466 arg1 cohort 1445:1450 an independent cohort 1430:1450 an independent cohort (AUC=0.854, 95%CI: 0.7592 to 0.9483) 1430:1487 The diagnostic potential of core fucose was further validated in an independent cohort (AUC=0.854, 95%CI: 0.7592 to 0.9483). 28819389 9 39 theme % 1466:1466 arg1 CI 1467:1468 AUC=0.854, 95%CI 1453:1468 CI 1467:1468 The diagnostic potential of core fucose was further validated in an independent cohort (AUC=0.854, 95%CI: 0.7592 to 0.9483). 28819389 3 40 theme study 303:307 arg1 objective 286:294 The objective 282:294 The objective of our study 282:307 The objective of our study was to find out non-invasive biomarkers for early detection and surveillance of GC based on glycomic analysis. 28819389 11 41 theme peritoneal 1807:1816 arg1 metastasis 1818:1827 peritoneal metastasis 1807:1827 peritoneal metastasis for the first time 1807:1846 Conclusion: We comprehensively evaluate the serum glycan changes in different stages of GC patients including peritoneal metastasis for the first time. 28819389 0 42 theme Non-invasive 13:24 arg1 Biomarkers 33:42 Non-invasive Glycan Biomarkers 13:42 Non-invasive Glycan Biomarkers for Detection and Surveillance of Gastric Cancer 13:91 Discovery of Non-invasive Glycan Biomarkers for Detection and Surveillance of Gastric Cancer. 28819389 1 43 theme Gastric 103:109 arg1 Purpose 94:100 Purpose 94:100 Purpose: Gastric cancer (GC), one of the world's top five most common cancers, is the third leading cause of cancer related death. 94:223 Purpose: Gastric cancer (GC), one of the world's top five most common cancers, is the third leading cause of cancer related death. 28819389 1 43 theme Gastric 103:109 arg1 one 124:126 one 124:126 one 124:126 Purpose: Gastric cancer (GC), one of the world's top five most common cancers, is the third leading cause of cancer related death. 28819389 1 43 theme Gastric 103:109 arg1 cancer 111:116 Gastric cancer 103:116 Gastric cancer (GC) 103:121 Purpose: Gastric cancer (GC), one of the world's top five most common cancers, is the third leading cause of cancer related death. 28819389 1 43 theme Gastric 103:109 arg1 cancers 164:170 the world's top five most common cancers 131:170 the world's top five most common cancers 131:170 Purpose: Gastric cancer (GC), one of the world's top five most common cancers, is the third leading cause of cancer related death. 28819389 1 43 theme Gastric 103:109 arg1 cause 194:198 the third leading cause 176:198 the third leading cause of cancer related death 176:222 Purpose: Gastric cancer (GC), one of the world's top five most common cancers, is the third leading cause of cancer related death. 28819389 1 43 theme Gastric 103:109 arg1 GC 119:120 GC 119:120 GC 119:120 Purpose: Gastric cancer (GC), one of the world's top five most common cancers, is the third leading cause of cancer related death. 28819389 12 44 dep biomarkers 1880:1889 arg1 help 2000:2003 help 2000:2003 can help to monitor the progression of GC 1996:2036 We determined several N-glycan biomarkers, some of these have potential in distinguishing the early stage GC from healthy controls, and the others can help to monitor the progression of GC. 28819389 12 44 dep biomarkers 1880:1889 arg1 have 1906:1909 have 1906:1909 have potential in distinguishing the early stage GC from healthy controls 1906:1978 We determined several N-glycan biomarkers, some of these have potential in distinguishing the early stage GC from healthy controls, and the others can help to monitor the progression of GC. 28819389 11 45 theme patients 1788:1795 arg1 stages 1775:1780 different stages 1765:1780 different stages of GC patients 1765:1795 Conclusion: We comprehensively evaluate the serum glycan changes in different stages of GC patients including peritoneal metastasis for the first time. 28819389 8 46 theme excellent 1289:1297 arg1 performance 1310:1320 an excellent diagnostic performance 1286:1320 an excellent diagnostic performance for the early detection of gastric cancer 1286:1362 In training set, core fucose (AUC=0.923, 95%CI: 0.8485 to 0.9967) played an excellent diagnostic performance for the early detection of gastric cancer. 28819389 10 47 theme statistical 1549:1559 arg1 criteria 1561:1568 both statistical criteria 1544:1568 both statistical criteria (p-values less than 0.05 and AUC scores that were at least moderately accurate) 1544:1648 Besides, several individual glycan structures reached both statistical criteria (p-values less than 0.05 and AUC scores that were at least moderately accurate) when comparing different stages of GC samples. 28819389 0 48 theme Biomarkers 33:42 arg1 Discovery 0:8 Discovery 0:8 Discovery of Non-invasive Glycan Biomarkers for Detection and Surveillance of Gastric Cancer 0:91 Discovery of Non-invasive Glycan Biomarkers for Detection and Surveillance of Gastric Cancer. 28819389 4 49 theme MALDI-TOF 478:486 arg1 analysis 491:498 MALDI-TOF MS analysis 478:498 MALDI-TOF MS analysis 478:498 Method: Ethyl esterification derivatization combined with MALDI-TOF MS analysis was employed for the comprehensive serum glycomic analysis in order to investigate glycan markers that would indicate the onset and progression of gastric cancer. 28819389 3 50 theme glycomic 401:408 arg1 analysis 410:417 glycomic analysis 401:417 glycomic analysis 401:417 The objective of our study was to find out non-invasive biomarkers for early detection and surveillance of GC based on glycomic analysis. 28819389 5 51 theme independent 767:777 arg1 set 784:786 an independent test set 764:786 an independent test set 764:786 Upon the discovery of the candidate biomarkers, those with great potential were further validated in an independent test set. 28819389 3 52 theme GC 389:390 arg1 surveillance 373:384 surveillance 373:384 surveillance 373:384 The objective of our study was to find out non-invasive biomarkers for early detection and surveillance of GC based on glycomic analysis. 28819389 3 52 theme GC 389:390 arg1 detection 359:367 detection 359:367 detection 359:367 The objective of our study was to find out non-invasive biomarkers for early detection and surveillance of GC based on glycomic analysis. 28819389 11 53 theme serum 1741:1745 arg1 changes 1754:1760 the serum glycan changes 1737:1760 the serum glycan changes in different stages of GC patients including peritoneal metastasis for the first time 1737:1846 Conclusion: We comprehensively evaluate the serum glycan changes in different stages of GC patients including peritoneal metastasis for the first time. 28819389 11 53 theme serum 1741:1745 arg1 metastasis 1818:1827 peritoneal metastasis 1807:1827 peritoneal metastasis for the first time 1807:1846 Conclusion: We comprehensively evaluate the serum glycan changes in different stages of GC patients including peritoneal metastasis for the first time. 28819389 7 54 theme fucose 1180:1185 arg1 N-glycans 1187:1195 monoantennary, galactose, bisecting type and core fucose N-glycans 1130:1195 monoantennary, galactose, bisecting type and core fucose N-glycans 1130:1195 Results: The differences in glycosylation were found between non-cancer controls and gastric cancer samples: hybrid and multi-branched type (tri-, tetra-antennnary glycans) N-glycans were increased in GC, yet monoantennary, galactose, bisecting type and core fucose N-glycans were decreased. 28819389 1 55 theme cancer 203:208 arg1 death 218:222 cancer related death 203:222 cancer related death 203:222 Purpose: Gastric cancer (GC), one of the world's top five most common cancers, is the third leading cause of cancer related death. 28819389 12 56 contain have 1906:1909 arg2 potential 1911:1919 potential 1911:1919 potential 1911:1919 We determined several N-glycan biomarkers, some of these have potential in distinguishing the early stage GC from healthy controls, and the others can help to monitor the progression of GC. 28819389 12 56 contain have 1906:1909 arg1 these 1900:1904 these 1900:1904 these 1900:1904 We determined several N-glycan biomarkers, some of these have potential in distinguishing the early stage GC from healthy controls, and the others can help to monitor the progression of GC. 28819389 12 56 contain have 1906:1909 arg1 some 1892:1895 some 1892:1895 some 1892:1895 We determined several N-glycan biomarkers, some of these have potential in distinguishing the early stage GC from healthy controls, and the others can help to monitor the progression of GC. 28819389 6 57 theme sample 837:842 arg1 acquisition 844:854 MALDI-MS sample acquisition 828:854 MALDI-MS sample acquisition 828:854 Peaks were acquired by the software of MALDI-MS sample acquisition and processing and analyzed by the software of Progenesis MALDI. 28819389 12 58 theme early 1943:1947 arg1 stage 1949:1953 the early stage 1939:1953 the early stage GC 1939:1956 We determined several N-glycan biomarkers, some of these have potential in distinguishing the early stage GC from healthy controls, and the others can help to monitor the progression of GC. 28819389 4 59 theme serum 535:539 arg1 analysis 550:557 the comprehensive serum glycomic analysis 517:557 the comprehensive serum glycomic analysis in order to investigate glycan markers that would indicate the onset and progression of gastric cancer 517:660 Method: Ethyl esterification derivatization combined with MALDI-TOF MS analysis was employed for the comprehensive serum glycomic analysis in order to investigate glycan markers that would indicate the onset and progression of gastric cancer. 28819389 7 60 theme multi-branched 1041:1054 arg1 type 1056:1059 multi-branched type 1041:1059 multi-branched type 1041:1059 Results: The differences in glycosylation were found between non-cancer controls and gastric cancer samples: hybrid and multi-branched type (tri-, tetra-antennnary glycans) N-glycans were increased in GC, yet monoantennary, galactose, bisecting type and core fucose N-glycans were decreased. 28819389 1 61 theme top 143:145 arg1 cancers 164:170 the world's top five most common cancers 131:170 the world's top five most common cancers 131:170 Purpose: Gastric cancer (GC), one of the world's top five most common cancers, is the third leading cause of cancer related death. 28819389 7 62 theme bisecting 1156:1164 arg1 type 1166:1169 bisecting type 1156:1169 bisecting type 1156:1169 Results: The differences in glycosylation were found between non-cancer controls and gastric cancer samples: hybrid and multi-branched type (tri-, tetra-antennnary glycans) N-glycans were increased in GC, yet monoantennary, galactose, bisecting type and core fucose N-glycans were decreased. 28819389 7 63 theme hybrid 1030:1035 arg1 N-glycans 1094:1102 hybrid and multi-branched type (tri-, tetra-antennnary glycans) N-glycans 1030:1102 hybrid and multi-branched type (tri-, tetra-antennnary glycans) N-glycans 1030:1102 Results: The differences in glycosylation were found between non-cancer controls and gastric cancer samples: hybrid and multi-branched type (tri-, tetra-antennnary glycans) N-glycans were increased in GC, yet monoantennary, galactose, bisecting type and core fucose N-glycans were decreased. 28819389 7 63 theme hybrid 1030:1035 arg1 glycans 1085:1091 tri-, tetra-antennnary glycans 1062:1091 tri-, tetra-antennnary glycans 1062:1091 Results: The differences in glycosylation were found between non-cancer controls and gastric cancer samples: hybrid and multi-branched type (tri-, tetra-antennnary glycans) N-glycans were increased in GC, yet monoantennary, galactose, bisecting type and core fucose N-glycans were decreased. 28819389 2 64 theme non-invasive 250:261 arg1 biomarkers 263:272 non-invasive biomarkers 250:272 non-invasive biomarkers for GC 250:279 It is urgent to identify non-invasive biomarkers for GC. 28819389 8 65 dep 0.9967 1271:1276 arg1 to 1268:1269 to 1268:1269 to 1268:1269 In training set, core fucose (AUC=0.923, 95%CI: 0.8485 to 0.9967) played an excellent diagnostic performance for the early detection of gastric cancer. 28819389 7 66 from differences 934:944 arg1 glycosylation 949:961 glycosylation 949:961 glycosylation 949:961 Results: The differences in glycosylation were found between non-cancer controls and gastric cancer samples: hybrid and multi-branched type (tri-, tetra-antennnary glycans) N-glycans were increased in GC, yet monoantennary, galactose, bisecting type and core fucose N-glycans were decreased. 28819389 8 67 theme diagnostic 1299:1308 arg1 performance 1310:1320 an excellent diagnostic performance 1286:1320 an excellent diagnostic performance for the early detection of gastric cancer 1286:1362 In training set, core fucose (AUC=0.923, 95%CI: 0.8485 to 0.9967) played an excellent diagnostic performance for the early detection of gastric cancer. 28819389 5 68 theme test 779:782 arg1 set 784:786 an independent test set 764:786 an independent test set 764:786 Upon the discovery of the candidate biomarkers, those with great potential were further validated in an independent test set. 28819389 6 69 theme Progenesis 903:912 arg1 MALDI 914:918 Progenesis MALDI 903:918 Progenesis MALDI 903:918 Peaks were acquired by the software of MALDI-MS sample acquisition and processing and analyzed by the software of Progenesis MALDI. 28819389 8 70 theme gastric 1349:1355 arg1 cancer 1357:1362 gastric cancer 1349:1362 gastric cancer 1349:1362 In training set, core fucose (AUC=0.923, 95%CI: 0.8485 to 0.9967) played an excellent diagnostic performance for the early detection of gastric cancer. 28819389 10 71 theme several 1499:1505 arg1 structures 1525:1534 several individual glycan structures 1499:1534 several individual glycan structures 1499:1534 Besides, several individual glycan structures reached both statistical criteria (p-values less than 0.05 and AUC scores that were at least moderately accurate) when comparing different stages of GC samples. 28819389 7 72 theme gastric 1006:1012 arg1 samples 1021:1027 gastric cancer samples 1006:1027 gastric cancer samples 1006:1027 Results: The differences in glycosylation were found between non-cancer controls and gastric cancer samples: hybrid and multi-branched type (tri-, tetra-antennnary glycans) N-glycans were increased in GC, yet monoantennary, galactose, bisecting type and core fucose N-glycans were decreased. 28819389 10 73 theme GC 1685:1686 arg1 samples 1688:1694 GC samples 1685:1694 GC samples 1685:1694 Besides, several individual glycan structures reached both statistical criteria (p-values less than 0.05 and AUC scores that were at least moderately accurate) when comparing different stages of GC samples. 28819389 1 74 theme cancers 164:170 arg1 one 124:126 one 124:126 one 124:126 Purpose: Gastric cancer (GC), one of the world's top five most common cancers, is the third leading cause of cancer related death. 28819389 1 74 theme cancers 164:170 arg1 cancer 111:116 Gastric cancer 103:116 Gastric cancer (GC) 103:121 Purpose: Gastric cancer (GC), one of the world's top five most common cancers, is the third leading cause of cancer related death. 28819389 1 74 theme cancers 164:170 arg1 cancers 164:170 the world's top five most common cancers 131:170 the world's top five most common cancers 131:170 Purpose: Gastric cancer (GC), one of the world's top five most common cancers, is the third leading cause of cancer related death. 28819389 9 75 theme core 1393:1396 arg1 fucose 1398:1403 core fucose 1393:1403 core fucose 1393:1403 The diagnostic potential of core fucose was further validated in an independent cohort (AUC=0.854, 95%CI: 0.7592 to 0.9483). 28819389 4 76 theme cancer 655:660 arg1 progression 632:642 progression 632:642 progression 632:642 Method: Ethyl esterification derivatization combined with MALDI-TOF MS analysis was employed for the comprehensive serum glycomic analysis in order to investigate glycan markers that would indicate the onset and progression of gastric cancer. 28819389 4 76 theme cancer 655:660 arg1 onset 622:626 onset 622:626 onset 622:626 Method: Ethyl esterification derivatization combined with MALDI-TOF MS analysis was employed for the comprehensive serum glycomic analysis in order to investigate glycan markers that would indicate the onset and progression of gastric cancer. 28819389 8 77 theme core 1230:1233 arg1 fucose 1235:1240 core fucose 1230:1240 core fucose (AUC=0.923, 95%CI: 0.8485 to 0.9967) 1230:1277 In training set, core fucose (AUC=0.923, 95%CI: 0.8485 to 0.9967) played an excellent diagnostic performance for the early detection of gastric cancer. 28819389 8 77 theme core 1230:1233 arg1 CI 1257:1258 AUC=0.923, 95%CI 1243:1258 CI 1257:1258 In training set, core fucose (AUC=0.923, 95%CI: 0.8485 to 0.9967) played an excellent diagnostic performance for the early detection of gastric cancer. 28819389 7 78 theme type 1166:1169 arg1 N-glycans 1187:1195 monoantennary, galactose, bisecting type and core fucose N-glycans 1130:1195 monoantennary, galactose, bisecting type and core fucose N-glycans 1130:1195 Results: The differences in glycosylation were found between non-cancer controls and gastric cancer samples: hybrid and multi-branched type (tri-, tetra-antennnary glycans) N-glycans were increased in GC, yet monoantennary, galactose, bisecting type and core fucose N-glycans were decreased. 28819389 4 79 theme Ethyl 428:432 arg1 derivatization 449:462 Ethyl esterification derivatization 428:462 Ethyl esterification derivatization combined with MALDI-TOF MS analysis 428:498 Method: Ethyl esterification derivatization combined with MALDI-TOF MS analysis was employed for the comprehensive serum glycomic analysis in order to investigate glycan markers that would indicate the onset and progression of gastric cancer. 28819389 0 80 theme Cancer 86:91 arg1 Surveillance 62:73 Surveillance 62:73 Surveillance 62:73 Discovery of Non-invasive Glycan Biomarkers for Detection and Surveillance of Gastric Cancer. 28819389 0 80 theme Cancer 86:91 arg1 Detection 48:56 Detection 48:56 Detection 48:56 Discovery of Non-invasive Glycan Biomarkers for Detection and Surveillance of Gastric Cancer. 28819389 3 81 dep find 316:319 arg1 out 321:323 out 321:323 out 321:323 The objective of our study was to find out non-invasive biomarkers for early detection and surveillance of GC based on glycomic analysis. 28819389 11 82 from changes 1754:1760 arg1 stages 1775:1780 different stages 1765:1780 different stages of GC patients 1765:1795 Conclusion: We comprehensively evaluate the serum glycan changes in different stages of GC patients including peritoneal metastasis for the first time. 28819389 8 83 theme % 1256:1256 arg1 fucose 1235:1240 core fucose 1230:1240 core fucose (AUC=0.923, 95%CI: 0.8485 to 0.9967) 1230:1277 In training set, core fucose (AUC=0.923, 95%CI: 0.8485 to 0.9967) played an excellent diagnostic performance for the early detection of gastric cancer. 28819389 8 83 theme % 1256:1256 arg1 CI 1257:1258 AUC=0.923, 95%CI 1243:1258 CI 1257:1258 In training set, core fucose (AUC=0.923, 95%CI: 0.8485 to 0.9967) played an excellent diagnostic performance for the early detection of gastric cancer. 28819389 1 84 theme common 157:162 arg1 cancers 164:170 the world's top five most common cancers 131:170 the world's top five most common cancers 131:170 Purpose: Gastric cancer (GC), one of the world's top five most common cancers, is the third leading cause of cancer related death. 28819389 11 85 theme GC 1785:1786 arg1 patients 1788:1795 GC patients 1785:1795 GC patients 1785:1795 Conclusion: We comprehensively evaluate the serum glycan changes in different stages of GC patients including peritoneal metastasis for the first time. 28819389 11 86 theme different 1765:1773 arg1 stages 1775:1780 different stages 1765:1780 different stages of GC patients 1765:1795 Conclusion: We comprehensively evaluate the serum glycan changes in different stages of GC patients including peritoneal metastasis for the first time. 28819389 10 87 theme individual 1507:1516 arg1 structures 1525:1534 several individual glycan structures 1499:1534 several individual glycan structures 1499:1534 Besides, several individual glycan structures reached both statistical criteria (p-values less than 0.05 and AUC scores that were at least moderately accurate) when comparing different stages of GC samples. 28819389 0 88 theme Glycan 26:31 arg1 Biomarkers 33:42 Non-invasive Glycan Biomarkers 13:42 Non-invasive Glycan Biomarkers for Detection and Surveillance of Gastric Cancer 13:91 Discovery of Non-invasive Glycan Biomarkers for Detection and Surveillance of Gastric Cancer. 28819389 13 89 theme cancer 2090:2095 arg1 understanding 2065:2077 understanding 2065:2077 understanding of gastric cancer 2065:2095 The findings also enhance understanding of gastric cancer. 28819389 11 90 theme first 1837:1841 arg1 time 1843:1846 the first time 1833:1846 the first time 1833:1846 Conclusion: We comprehensively evaluate the serum glycan changes in different stages of GC patients including peritoneal metastasis for the first time. 28819389 5 91 theme great 722:726 arg1 potential 728:736 great potential 722:736 great potential 722:736 Upon the discovery of the candidate biomarkers, those with great potential were further validated in an independent test set. 28819389 8 92 dep CI 1257:1258 arg1 0.9967 1271:1276 0.9967 1271:1276 0.9967 1271:1276 In training set, core fucose (AUC=0.923, 95%CI: 0.8485 to 0.9967) played an excellent diagnostic performance for the early detection of gastric cancer. 28819389 12 93 theme GC 2035:2036 arg1 progression 2020:2030 the progression 2016:2030 the progression of GC 2016:2036 We determined several N-glycan biomarkers, some of these have potential in distinguishing the early stage GC from healthy controls, and the others can help to monitor the progression of GC. 28819389 7 94 theme monoantennary 1130:1142 arg1 N-glycans 1187:1195 monoantennary, galactose, bisecting type and core fucose N-glycans 1130:1195 monoantennary, galactose, bisecting type and core fucose N-glycans 1130:1195 Results: The differences in glycosylation were found between non-cancer controls and gastric cancer samples: hybrid and multi-branched type (tri-, tetra-antennnary glycans) N-glycans were increased in GC, yet monoantennary, galactose, bisecting type and core fucose N-glycans were decreased. 28819389 3 95 theme non-invasive 325:336 arg1 biomarkers 338:347 non-invasive biomarkers 325:347 non-invasive biomarkers for early detection and surveillance of GC based on glycomic analysis 325:417 The objective of our study was to find out non-invasive biomarkers for early detection and surveillance of GC based on glycomic analysis. 28819389 4 96 theme MS 488:489 arg1 analysis 491:498 MALDI-TOF MS analysis 478:498 MALDI-TOF MS analysis 478:498 Method: Ethyl esterification derivatization combined with MALDI-TOF MS analysis was employed for the comprehensive serum glycomic analysis in order to investigate glycan markers that would indicate the onset and progression of gastric cancer. 28819389 10 97 dep criteria 1561:1568 arg1 p-values 1571:1578 p-values less than 0.05 1571:1593 p-values less than 0.05 1571:1593 Besides, several individual glycan structures reached both statistical criteria (p-values less than 0.05 and AUC scores that were at least moderately accurate) when comparing different stages of GC samples. 28819389 10 97 dep criteria 1561:1568 arg1 scores 1603:1608 AUC scores 1599:1608 AUC scores 1599:1608 Besides, several individual glycan structures reached both statistical criteria (p-values less than 0.05 and AUC scores that were at least moderately accurate) when comparing different stages of GC samples. 28819389 4 98 dep onset 622:626 arg1 the 618:620 the 618:620 the 618:620 Method: Ethyl esterification derivatization combined with MALDI-TOF MS analysis was employed for the comprehensive serum glycomic analysis in order to investigate glycan markers that would indicate the onset and progression of gastric cancer. 28819389 8 99 theme early 1330:1334 arg1 detection 1336:1344 the early detection 1326:1344 the early detection of gastric cancer 1326:1362 In training set, core fucose (AUC=0.923, 95%CI: 0.8485 to 0.9967) played an excellent diagnostic performance for the early detection of gastric cancer. 28819389 1 100 theme leading 186:192 arg1 Purpose 94:100 Purpose 94:100 Purpose: Gastric cancer (GC), one of the world's top five most common cancers, is the third leading cause of cancer related death. 94:223 Purpose: Gastric cancer (GC), one of the world's top five most common cancers, is the third leading cause of cancer related death. 28819389 1 100 theme leading 186:192 arg1 cancer 111:116 Gastric cancer 103:116 Gastric cancer (GC) 103:121 Purpose: Gastric cancer (GC), one of the world's top five most common cancers, is the third leading cause of cancer related death. 28819389 1 100 theme leading 186:192 arg1 cause 194:198 the third leading cause 176:198 the third leading cause of cancer related death 176:222 Purpose: Gastric cancer (GC), one of the world's top five most common cancers, is the third leading cause of cancer related death. 28911591 7 0 theme DW 837:838 arg1 values 796:801 values 796:801 values 796:801 Allantoin and dioscin varied considerably, with values of 0.62-1.49% DW and 0.032-0.092% DW, respectively. 28911591 3 1 theme medical 205:211 arg1 materials 213:221 medical materials 205:221 medical materials 205:221 are widely cultivated as edible resources and medical materials in China. 28911591 6 2 dep weight 637:642 arg1 % 631:631 % 631:631 % 631:631 All studied landraces exhibited high contents of starch from 60.7% to 80.6% dry weight (DW), protein (6.3-12.2% DW), minerals (especially Mg 326.8-544.7 mg/kg DW), and essential amino acids. 28911591 9 3 theme first 1032:1036 arg1 components 1054:1063 the first three principal components 1028:1063 the first three principal components 1028:1063 Using an eigenvalue ≥1 as the cutoff, the first three principal components accounted for most of the total variability (62.33%). 28911591 0 4 theme germplasm 80:88 arg1 compositions 60:71 nutritional and bioactive compositions 34:71 nutritional and bioactive compositions of yam germplasm 34:88 Characterizing diversity based on nutritional and bioactive compositions of yam germplasm (Dioscorea spp.) 28911591 8 5 theme clustering 939:948 arg1 light 924:928 light 924:928 light of UPGMA clustering and principal component analysis (PCA) 924:987 The quality variability of 25 yam landraces was clearly separated in light of UPGMA clustering and principal component analysis (PCA). 28911591 6 6 from minerals 674:681 arg1 contents 594:601 high contents 589:601 high contents of starch from 60.7% to 80.6% dry weight (DW), protein (6.3-12.2% DW), minerals (especially Mg 326.8-544.7 mg/kg DW), and essential amino acids 589:745 All studied landraces exhibited high contents of starch from 60.7% to 80.6% dry weight (DW), protein (6.3-12.2% DW), minerals (especially Mg 326.8-544.7 mg/kg DW), and essential amino acids. 28911591 4 7 theme medicine 356:363 arg1 applications 365:376 food and medicine applications 347:376 food and medicine applications 347:376 Characterizing chemical compositions in yam germplasm is crucial to determine their diversity and suitability for food and medicine applications. 28911591 8 8 theme component 964:972 arg1 PCA 984:986 PCA 984:986 PCA 984:986 The quality variability of 25 yam landraces was clearly separated in light of UPGMA clustering and principal component analysis (PCA). 28911591 8 8 theme component 964:972 arg1 analysis 974:981 principal component analysis 954:981 principal component analysis (PCA) 954:987 The quality variability of 25 yam landraces was clearly separated in light of UPGMA clustering and principal component analysis (PCA). 28911591 8 9 theme landraces 889:897 arg1 variability 867:877 The quality variability 855:877 The quality variability of 25 yam landraces 855:897 The quality variability of 25 yam landraces was clearly separated in light of UPGMA clustering and principal component analysis (PCA). 28911591 6 10 theme 60.7 618:621 arg1 % 622:622 % 622:622 % 622:622 All studied landraces exhibited high contents of starch from 60.7% to 80.6% dry weight (DW), protein (6.3-12.2% DW), minerals (especially Mg 326.8-544.7 mg/kg DW), and essential amino acids. 28911591 9 11 theme principal 1044:1052 arg1 components 1054:1063 the first three principal components 1028:1063 the first three principal components 1028:1063 Using an eigenvalue ≥1 as the cutoff, the first three principal components accounted for most of the total variability (62.33%). 28911591 8 12 theme principal 954:962 arg1 PCA 984:986 PCA 984:986 PCA 984:986 The quality variability of 25 yam landraces was clearly separated in light of UPGMA clustering and principal component analysis (PCA). 28911591 8 12 theme principal 954:962 arg1 analysis 974:981 principal component analysis 954:981 principal component analysis (PCA) 954:987 The quality variability of 25 yam landraces was clearly separated in light of UPGMA clustering and principal component analysis (PCA). 28911591 10 13 theme measured 1175:1182 arg1 parameters 1184:1193 the measured parameters 1171:1193 the measured parameters 1171:1193 Classification was achieved based on the results of the measured parameters and principal component analysis scores. 28911591 11 14 theme application 1293:1303 arg1 strategies 1305:1314 appropriate application strategies 1281:1314 appropriate application strategies for yam germplasm in China 1281:1341 The results are of great help in determining appropriate application strategies for yam germplasm in China. 28911591 6 15 theme amino 735:739 arg1 acids 741:745 essential amino acids 725:745 essential amino acids 725:745 All studied landraces exhibited high contents of starch from 60.7% to 80.6% dry weight (DW), protein (6.3-12.2% DW), minerals (especially Mg 326.8-544.7 mg/kg DW), and essential amino acids. 28911591 6 16 theme % 667:667 arg1 protein 650:656 protein 650:656 protein (6.3-12.2% DW) 650:671 All studied landraces exhibited high contents of starch from 60.7% to 80.6% dry weight (DW), protein (6.3-12.2% DW), minerals (especially Mg 326.8-544.7 mg/kg DW), and essential amino acids. 28911591 6 16 theme % 667:667 arg1 DW 669:670 6.3-12.2% DW 659:670 6.3-12.2% DW 659:670 All studied landraces exhibited high contents of starch from 60.7% to 80.6% dry weight (DW), protein (6.3-12.2% DW), minerals (especially Mg 326.8-544.7 mg/kg DW), and essential amino acids. 28911591 6 17 from acids 741:745 arg1 contents 594:601 high contents 589:601 high contents of starch from 60.7% to 80.6% dry weight (DW), protein (6.3-12.2% DW), minerals (especially Mg 326.8-544.7 mg/kg DW), and essential amino acids 589:745 All studied landraces exhibited high contents of starch from 60.7% to 80.6% dry weight (DW), protein (6.3-12.2% DW), minerals (especially Mg 326.8-544.7 mg/kg DW), and essential amino acids. 28911591 6 18 theme studied 561:567 arg1 landraces 569:577 All studied landraces 557:577 All studied landraces 557:577 All studied landraces exhibited high contents of starch from 60.7% to 80.6% dry weight (DW), protein (6.3-12.2% DW), minerals (especially Mg 326.8-544.7 mg/kg DW), and essential amino acids. 28911591 8 19 theme analysis 974:981 arg1 light 924:928 light 924:928 light of UPGMA clustering and principal component analysis (PCA) 924:987 The quality variability of 25 yam landraces was clearly separated in light of UPGMA clustering and principal component analysis (PCA). 28911591 6 20 theme essential 725:733 arg1 acids 741:745 essential amino acids 725:745 essential amino acids 725:745 All studied landraces exhibited high contents of starch from 60.7% to 80.6% dry weight (DW), protein (6.3-12.2% DW), minerals (especially Mg 326.8-544.7 mg/kg DW), and essential amino acids. 28911591 5 21 theme usage 489:493 arg1 classification 471:484 an effective classification 458:484 an effective classification of usage 458:493 In this study, a core germplasm containing 25 yam landraces was used to create an effective classification of usage by characterizing their nutritive and medicinal compositions. 28911591 10 22 theme scores 1228:1233 arg1 results 1160:1166 the results 1156:1166 the results of the measured parameters and principal component analysis scores 1156:1233 Classification was achieved based on the results of the measured parameters and principal component analysis scores. 28911591 3 23 theme edible 184:189 arg1 resources 191:199 edible resources 184:199 edible resources 184:199 are widely cultivated as edible resources and medical materials in China. 28911591 9 24 theme eigenvalue 999:1008 arg1 ≥1 1010:1011 an eigenvalue ≥1 996:1011 an eigenvalue ≥1 996:1011 Using an eigenvalue ≥1 as the cutoff, the first three principal components accounted for most of the total variability (62.33%). 28911591 9 24 theme eigenvalue 999:1008 arg1 cutoff 1020:1025 the cutoff 1016:1025 the cutoff 1016:1025 Using an eigenvalue ≥1 as the cutoff, the first three principal components accounted for most of the total variability (62.33%). 28911591 6 25 theme starch 606:611 arg1 contents 594:601 high contents 589:601 high contents of starch from 60.7% to 80.6% dry weight (DW), protein (6.3-12.2% DW), minerals (especially Mg 326.8-544.7 mg/kg DW), and essential amino acids 589:745 All studied landraces exhibited high contents of starch from 60.7% to 80.6% dry weight (DW), protein (6.3-12.2% DW), minerals (especially Mg 326.8-544.7 mg/kg DW), and essential amino acids. 28911591 8 26 theme UPGMA 933:937 arg1 clustering 939:948 UPGMA clustering 933:948 UPGMA clustering 933:948 The quality variability of 25 yam landraces was clearly separated in light of UPGMA clustering and principal component analysis (PCA). 28911591 10 27 theme component 1209:1217 arg1 scores 1228:1233 principal component analysis scores 1199:1233 principal component analysis scores 1199:1233 Classification was achieved based on the results of the measured parameters and principal component analysis scores. 28911591 9 28 theme total 1091:1095 arg1 variability 1097:1107 the total variability 1087:1107 the total variability (62.33%) 1087:1116 Using an eigenvalue ≥1 as the cutoff, the first three principal components accounted for most of the total variability (62.33%). 28911591 9 28 theme total 1091:1095 arg1 % 1115:1115 62.33% 1110:1115 62.33% 1110:1115 Using an eigenvalue ≥1 as the cutoff, the first three principal components accounted for most of the total variability (62.33%). 28911591 6 29 from protein 650:656 arg1 contents 594:601 high contents 589:601 high contents of starch from 60.7% to 80.6% dry weight (DW), protein (6.3-12.2% DW), minerals (especially Mg 326.8-544.7 mg/kg DW), and essential amino acids 589:745 All studied landraces exhibited high contents of starch from 60.7% to 80.6% dry weight (DW), protein (6.3-12.2% DW), minerals (especially Mg 326.8-544.7 mg/kg DW), and essential amino acids. 28911591 4 30 theme chemical 248:255 arg1 compositions 257:268 chemical compositions 248:268 chemical compositions 248:268 Characterizing chemical compositions in yam germplasm is crucial to determine their diversity and suitability for food and medicine applications. 28911591 6 31 dep % 631:631 arg1 % 622:622 % 622:622 % 622:622 All studied landraces exhibited high contents of starch from 60.7% to 80.6% dry weight (DW), protein (6.3-12.2% DW), minerals (especially Mg 326.8-544.7 mg/kg DW), and essential amino acids. 28911591 8 32 theme quality 859:865 arg1 variability 867:877 The quality variability 855:877 The quality variability of 25 yam landraces 855:897 The quality variability of 25 yam landraces was clearly separated in light of UPGMA clustering and principal component analysis (PCA). 28911591 10 33 theme parameters 1184:1193 arg1 results 1160:1166 the results 1156:1166 the results of the measured parameters and principal component analysis scores 1156:1233 Classification was achieved based on the results of the measured parameters and principal component analysis scores. 28911591 4 34 theme yam 273:275 arg1 germplasm 277:285 yam germplasm 273:285 yam germplasm 273:285 Characterizing chemical compositions in yam germplasm is crucial to determine their diversity and suitability for food and medicine applications. 28911591 6 35 theme high 589:592 arg1 contents 594:601 high contents 589:601 high contents of starch from 60.7% to 80.6% dry weight (DW), protein (6.3-12.2% DW), minerals (especially Mg 326.8-544.7 mg/kg DW), and essential amino acids 589:745 All studied landraces exhibited high contents of starch from 60.7% to 80.6% dry weight (DW), protein (6.3-12.2% DW), minerals (especially Mg 326.8-544.7 mg/kg DW), and essential amino acids. 28911591 5 36 theme effective 461:469 arg1 classification 471:484 an effective classification 458:484 an effective classification of usage 458:493 In this study, a core germplasm containing 25 yam landraces was used to create an effective classification of usage by characterizing their nutritive and medicinal compositions. 28911591 0 37 theme nutritional 34:44 arg1 compositions 60:71 nutritional and bioactive compositions 34:71 nutritional and bioactive compositions of yam germplasm 34:88 Characterizing diversity based on nutritional and bioactive compositions of yam germplasm (Dioscorea spp.) 28911591 3 38 from resources 191:199 arg1 China 226:230 China 226:230 China 226:230 are widely cultivated as edible resources and medical materials in China. 28911591 5 39 theme medicinal 533:541 arg1 compositions 543:554 their nutritive and medicinal compositions 513:554 their nutritive and medicinal compositions 513:554 In this study, a core germplasm containing 25 yam landraces was used to create an effective classification of usage by characterizing their nutritive and medicinal compositions. 28911591 6 40 theme 326.8-544.7 mg/kg 698:714 arg1 DW 716:717 Mg 326.8-544.7 mg/kg DW 695:717 especially Mg 326.8-544.7 mg/kg DW 684:717 All studied landraces exhibited high contents of starch from 60.7% to 80.6% dry weight (DW), protein (6.3-12.2% DW), minerals (especially Mg 326.8-544.7 mg/kg DW), and essential amino acids. 28911591 0 41 theme bioactive 50:58 arg1 compositions 60:71 nutritional and bioactive compositions 34:71 nutritional and bioactive compositions of yam germplasm 34:88 Characterizing diversity based on nutritional and bioactive compositions of yam germplasm (Dioscorea spp.) 28911591 6 42 from weight 637:642 arg1 contents 594:601 high contents 589:601 high contents of starch from 60.7% to 80.6% dry weight (DW), protein (6.3-12.2% DW), minerals (especially Mg 326.8-544.7 mg/kg DW), and essential amino acids 589:745 All studied landraces exhibited high contents of starch from 60.7% to 80.6% dry weight (DW), protein (6.3-12.2% DW), minerals (especially Mg 326.8-544.7 mg/kg DW), and essential amino acids. 28911591 6 43 theme Mg 695:696 arg1 DW 716:717 Mg 326.8-544.7 mg/kg DW 695:717 especially Mg 326.8-544.7 mg/kg DW 684:717 All studied landraces exhibited high contents of starch from 60.7% to 80.6% dry weight (DW), protein (6.3-12.2% DW), minerals (especially Mg 326.8-544.7 mg/kg DW), and essential amino acids. 28911591 5 44 theme yam 425:427 arg1 landraces 429:437 25 yam landraces 422:437 25 yam landraces 422:437 In this study, a core germplasm containing 25 yam landraces was used to create an effective classification of usage by characterizing their nutritive and medicinal compositions. 28911591 3 45 from materials 213:221 arg1 China 226:230 China 226:230 China 226:230 are widely cultivated as edible resources and medical materials in China. 28911591 8 46 theme yam 885:887 arg1 landraces 889:897 25 yam landraces 882:897 25 yam landraces 882:897 The quality variability of 25 yam landraces was clearly separated in light of UPGMA clustering and principal component analysis (PCA). 28911591 11 47 from germplasm 1324:1332 arg1 China 1337:1341 China 1337:1341 China 1337:1341 The results are of great help in determining appropriate application strategies for yam germplasm in China. 28911591 4 48 theme food 347:350 arg1 applications 365:376 food and medicine applications 347:376 food and medicine applications 347:376 Characterizing chemical compositions in yam germplasm is crucial to determine their diversity and suitability for food and medicine applications. 28911591 7 49 theme DW 817:818 arg1 values 796:801 values 796:801 values 796:801 Allantoin and dioscin varied considerably, with values of 0.62-1.49% DW and 0.032-0.092% DW, respectively. 28911591 6 50 dep % 622:622 arg1 to 624:625 to 624:625 to 624:625 All studied landraces exhibited high contents of starch from 60.7% to 80.6% dry weight (DW), protein (6.3-12.2% DW), minerals (especially Mg 326.8-544.7 mg/kg DW), and essential amino acids. 28911591 5 51 contain containing 411:420 arg2 landraces 429:437 25 yam landraces 422:437 25 yam landraces 422:437 In this study, a core germplasm containing 25 yam landraces was used to create an effective classification of usage by characterizing their nutritive and medicinal compositions. 28911591 5 51 contain containing 411:420 arg1 germplasm 401:409 a core germplasm 394:409 a core germplasm containing 25 yam landraces 394:437 In this study, a core germplasm containing 25 yam landraces was used to create an effective classification of usage by characterizing their nutritive and medicinal compositions. 28911591 5 52 used used 443:446 arg2 germplasm 401:409 a core germplasm 394:409 a core germplasm containing 25 yam landraces 394:437 In this study, a core germplasm containing 25 yam landraces was used to create an effective classification of usage by characterizing their nutritive and medicinal compositions. 28911591 10 53 theme principal 1199:1207 arg1 scores 1228:1233 principal component analysis scores 1199:1233 principal component analysis scores 1199:1233 Classification was achieved based on the results of the measured parameters and principal component analysis scores. 28911591 6 54 theme dry 633:635 arg1 DW 645:646 DW 645:646 DW 645:646 All studied landraces exhibited high contents of starch from 60.7% to 80.6% dry weight (DW), protein (6.3-12.2% DW), minerals (especially Mg 326.8-544.7 mg/kg DW), and essential amino acids. 28911591 6 54 theme dry 633:635 arg1 weight 637:642 60.7% to 80.6% dry weight 618:642 60.7% to 80.6% dry weight (DW) 618:647 All studied landraces exhibited high contents of starch from 60.7% to 80.6% dry weight (DW), protein (6.3-12.2% DW), minerals (especially Mg 326.8-544.7 mg/kg DW), and essential amino acids. 28911591 10 55 theme analysis 1219:1226 arg1 scores 1228:1233 principal component analysis scores 1199:1233 principal component analysis scores 1199:1233 Classification was achieved based on the results of the measured parameters and principal component analysis scores. 28911591 0 56 theme yam 76:78 arg1 germplasm 80:88 yam germplasm 76:88 yam germplasm 76:88 Characterizing diversity based on nutritional and bioactive compositions of yam germplasm (Dioscorea spp.) 28911591 6 57 theme 80.6 627:630 arg1 % 622:622 % 622:622 % 622:622 All studied landraces exhibited high contents of starch from 60.7% to 80.6% dry weight (DW), protein (6.3-12.2% DW), minerals (especially Mg 326.8-544.7 mg/kg DW), and essential amino acids. 28911591 6 58 dep minerals 674:681 arg1 DW 716:717 Mg 326.8-544.7 mg/kg DW 695:717 especially Mg 326.8-544.7 mg/kg DW 684:717 All studied landraces exhibited high contents of starch from 60.7% to 80.6% dry weight (DW), protein (6.3-12.2% DW), minerals (especially Mg 326.8-544.7 mg/kg DW), and essential amino acids. 28911591 11 59 theme appropriate 1281:1291 arg1 strategies 1305:1314 appropriate application strategies 1281:1314 appropriate application strategies for yam germplasm in China 1281:1341 The results are of great help in determining appropriate application strategies for yam germplasm in China. 28911591 0 60 dep Characterizing 0:13 arg1 spp 101:103 spp 101:103 spp 101:103 Characterizing diversity based on nutritional and bioactive compositions of yam germplasm (Dioscorea spp.) 28911591 5 61 theme nutritive 519:527 arg1 compositions 543:554 their nutritive and medicinal compositions 513:554 their nutritive and medicinal compositions 513:554 In this study, a core germplasm containing 25 yam landraces was used to create an effective classification of usage by characterizing their nutritive and medicinal compositions. 28911591 5 62 theme core 396:399 arg1 germplasm 401:409 a core germplasm 394:409 a core germplasm containing 25 yam landraces 394:437 In this study, a core germplasm containing 25 yam landraces was used to create an effective classification of usage by characterizing their nutritive and medicinal compositions. 28911591 11 63 theme yam 1320:1322 arg1 germplasm 1324:1332 yam germplasm 1320:1332 yam germplasm in China 1320:1341 The results are of great help in determining appropriate application strategies for yam germplasm in China. 25460697 6 0 theme xylan 1111:1115 arg1 concentration 1128:1140 xylan derivative concentration 1111:1140 xylan derivative concentration 1111:1140 Hence, more xylan derivatives adsorbed onto cellulose nanocrystal increased with increasing xylan derivative concentration. 25460697 7 1 theme cellulose 1349:1357 arg1 nanocrystals 1359:1370 the cellulose nanocrystals 1345:1370 the cellulose nanocrystals 1345:1370 Also, the concentration dependence of the ratio of the rotational diffusion coefficient to the translational diffusion coefficient revealed a strong adsorptive interaction between xylan derivatives and the cellulose nanocrystals. 25460697 7 2 theme ratio 1185:1189 arg1 dependence 1167:1176 the concentration dependence 1149:1176 the concentration dependence of the ratio of the rotational diffusion coefficient to the translational diffusion coefficient 1149:1272 Also, the concentration dependence of the ratio of the rotational diffusion coefficient to the translational diffusion coefficient revealed a strong adsorptive interaction between xylan derivatives and the cellulose nanocrystals. 25460697 2 3 theme light 465:469 arg1 scattering 471:480 dynamic light scattering 457:480 dynamic light scattering 457:480 In this study, adsorption of 2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium xylans onto rod-like cellulose nanocrystals are investigated by zeta-potential measurements, and polarized and depolarized dynamic light scattering as a factor for better understanding of lignocellulosic fibers and cellulose nanocrystals. 25460697 2 3 theme light 465:469 arg1 factor 487:492 a factor 485:492 a factor for better understanding of lignocellulosic fibers and cellulose nanocrystals 485:570 In this study, adsorption of 2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium xylans onto rod-like cellulose nanocrystals are investigated by zeta-potential measurements, and polarized and depolarized dynamic light scattering as a factor for better understanding of lignocellulosic fibers and cellulose nanocrystals. 25460697 4 4 theme dynamic 733:739 arg1 scattering 747:756 dynamic light scattering 733:756 dynamic light scattering 733:756 Decay time distributions of the ternary system and binary system from dynamic light scattering show that aggregates exist in the binary system and they disappear in the ternary system. 25460697 2 5 theme better 498:503 arg1 understanding 505:517 better understanding 498:517 better understanding of lignocellulosic fibers and cellulose nanocrystals 498:570 In this study, adsorption of 2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium xylans onto rod-like cellulose nanocrystals are investigated by zeta-potential measurements, and polarized and depolarized dynamic light scattering as a factor for better understanding of lignocellulosic fibers and cellulose nanocrystals. 25460697 4 6 theme time 669:672 arg1 distributions 674:686 Decay time distributions 663:686 Decay time distributions of the ternary system and binary system from dynamic light scattering 663:756 Decay time distributions of the ternary system and binary system from dynamic light scattering show that aggregates exist in the binary system and they disappear in the ternary system. 25460697 2 7 theme dynamic 457:463 arg1 scattering 471:480 dynamic light scattering 457:480 dynamic light scattering 457:480 In this study, adsorption of 2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium xylans onto rod-like cellulose nanocrystals are investigated by zeta-potential measurements, and polarized and depolarized dynamic light scattering as a factor for better understanding of lignocellulosic fibers and cellulose nanocrystals. 25460697 2 7 theme dynamic 457:463 arg1 factor 487:492 a factor 485:492 a factor for better understanding of lignocellulosic fibers and cellulose nanocrystals 485:570 In this study, adsorption of 2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium xylans onto rod-like cellulose nanocrystals are investigated by zeta-potential measurements, and polarized and depolarized dynamic light scattering as a factor for better understanding of lignocellulosic fibers and cellulose nanocrystals. 25460697 4 8 from scattering 747:756 arg1 distributions 674:686 Decay time distributions 663:686 Decay time distributions of the ternary system and binary system from dynamic light scattering 663:756 Decay time distributions of the ternary system and binary system from dynamic light scattering show that aggregates exist in the binary system and they disappear in the ternary system. 25460697 4 9 theme Decay 663:667 arg1 distributions 674:686 Decay time distributions 663:686 Decay time distributions of the ternary system and binary system from dynamic light scattering 663:756 Decay time distributions of the ternary system and binary system from dynamic light scattering show that aggregates exist in the binary system and they disappear in the ternary system. 25460697 1 10 theme Chemical 87:94 arg1 incompatibility 96:110 Chemical incompatibility 87:110 Chemical incompatibility 87:110 Chemical incompatibility and relatively weak interaction between lignocellulosic fibers and synthetic polymers have made studies of wood fiber-thermoplastic composite more challenging. 25460697 5 11 theme relative 909:916 arg1 concentrations 894:907 low 2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium xylan concentrations 851:907 low 2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium xylan concentrations relative to that of cellulose nanocrystal 851:949 At low 2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium xylan concentrations relative to that of cellulose nanocrystal, xylan derivatives adsorbed onto some of the cellulose nanocrystal. 25460697 0 12 theme 2-Hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium 0:31 arg1 adsorption 39:48 2-Hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium xylan adsorption 0:48 2-Hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium xylan adsorption onto rod-like cellulose nanocrystal. 0:85 2-Hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium xylan adsorption onto rod-like cellulose nanocrystal. 25460697 4 13 theme light 741:745 arg1 scattering 747:756 dynamic light scattering 733:756 dynamic light scattering 733:756 Decay time distributions of the ternary system and binary system from dynamic light scattering show that aggregates exist in the binary system and they disappear in the ternary system. 25460697 7 14 theme xylan 1323:1327 arg1 derivatives 1329:1339 xylan derivatives 1323:1339 xylan derivatives 1323:1339 Also, the concentration dependence of the ratio of the rotational diffusion coefficient to the translational diffusion coefficient revealed a strong adsorptive interaction between xylan derivatives and the cellulose nanocrystals. 25460697 3 15 theme xylan 606:610 arg1 adsorption 623:632 xylan derivative adsorption 606:632 xylan derivative adsorption onto cellulose nanocrystals 606:660 Zeta-potential measurements show xylan derivative adsorption onto cellulose nanocrystals. 25460697 1 16 theme wood 219:222 arg1 composite 244:252 wood fiber-thermoplastic composite 219:252 wood fiber-thermoplastic composite more challenging 219:269 Chemical incompatibility and relatively weak interaction between lignocellulosic fibers and synthetic polymers have made studies of wood fiber-thermoplastic composite more challenging. 25460697 6 17 theme cellulose 1063:1071 arg1 nanocrystal 1073:1083 cellulose nanocrystal 1063:1083 cellulose nanocrystal 1063:1083 Hence, more xylan derivatives adsorbed onto cellulose nanocrystal increased with increasing xylan derivative concentration. 25460697 5 18 theme xylan 952:956 arg1 derivatives 958:968 xylan derivatives 952:968 xylan derivatives 952:968 At low 2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium xylan concentrations relative to that of cellulose nanocrystal, xylan derivatives adsorbed onto some of the cellulose nanocrystal. 25460697 7 19 theme adsorptive 1292:1301 arg1 interaction 1303:1313 a strong adsorptive interaction 1283:1313 a strong adsorptive interaction between xylan derivatives and the cellulose nanocrystals 1283:1370 Also, the concentration dependence of the ratio of the rotational diffusion coefficient to the translational diffusion coefficient revealed a strong adsorptive interaction between xylan derivatives and the cellulose nanocrystals. 25460697 2 20 theme cellulose 355:363 arg1 nanocrystals 365:376 rod-like cellulose nanocrystals 346:376 rod-like cellulose nanocrystals 346:376 In this study, adsorption of 2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium xylans onto rod-like cellulose nanocrystals are investigated by zeta-potential measurements, and polarized and depolarized dynamic light scattering as a factor for better understanding of lignocellulosic fibers and cellulose nanocrystals. 25460697 1 21 theme fiber-thermoplastic 224:242 arg1 composite 244:252 wood fiber-thermoplastic composite 219:252 wood fiber-thermoplastic composite more challenging 219:269 Chemical incompatibility and relatively weak interaction between lignocellulosic fibers and synthetic polymers have made studies of wood fiber-thermoplastic composite more challenging. 25460697 0 22 theme xylan 33:37 arg1 adsorption 39:48 2-Hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium xylan adsorption 0:48 2-Hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium xylan adsorption onto rod-like cellulose nanocrystal. 0:85 2-Hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium xylan adsorption onto rod-like cellulose nanocrystal. 25460697 1 23 theme weak 127:130 arg1 interaction 132:142 relatively weak interaction 116:142 relatively weak interaction between lignocellulosic fibers and synthetic polymers 116:196 Chemical incompatibility and relatively weak interaction between lignocellulosic fibers and synthetic polymers have made studies of wood fiber-thermoplastic composite more challenging. 25460697 1 24 theme composite 244:252 arg1 studies 208:214 studies 208:214 studies of wood fiber-thermoplastic composite more challenging 208:269 Chemical incompatibility and relatively weak interaction between lignocellulosic fibers and synthetic polymers have made studies of wood fiber-thermoplastic composite more challenging. 25460697 2 25 theme nanocrystals 559:570 arg1 understanding 505:517 better understanding 498:517 better understanding of lignocellulosic fibers and cellulose nanocrystals 498:570 In this study, adsorption of 2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium xylans onto rod-like cellulose nanocrystals are investigated by zeta-potential measurements, and polarized and depolarized dynamic light scattering as a factor for better understanding of lignocellulosic fibers and cellulose nanocrystals. 25460697 2 26 theme cellulose 549:557 arg1 nanocrystals 559:570 cellulose nanocrystals 549:570 cellulose nanocrystals 549:570 In this study, adsorption of 2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium xylans onto rod-like cellulose nanocrystals are investigated by zeta-potential measurements, and polarized and depolarized dynamic light scattering as a factor for better understanding of lignocellulosic fibers and cellulose nanocrystals. 25460697 4 27 theme system 703:708 arg1 distributions 674:686 Decay time distributions 663:686 Decay time distributions of the ternary system and binary system from dynamic light scattering 663:756 Decay time distributions of the ternary system and binary system from dynamic light scattering show that aggregates exist in the binary system and they disappear in the ternary system. 25460697 7 28 theme strong 1285:1290 arg1 interaction 1303:1313 a strong adsorptive interaction 1283:1313 a strong adsorptive interaction between xylan derivatives and the cellulose nanocrystals 1283:1370 Also, the concentration dependence of the ratio of the rotational diffusion coefficient to the translational diffusion coefficient revealed a strong adsorptive interaction between xylan derivatives and the cellulose nanocrystals. 25460697 7 29 theme concentration 1153:1165 arg1 dependence 1167:1176 the concentration dependence 1149:1176 the concentration dependence of the ratio of the rotational diffusion coefficient to the translational diffusion coefficient 1149:1272 Also, the concentration dependence of the ratio of the rotational diffusion coefficient to the translational diffusion coefficient revealed a strong adsorptive interaction between xylan derivatives and the cellulose nanocrystals. 25460697 2 30 theme zeta-potential 398:411 arg1 measurements 413:424 zeta-potential measurements 398:424 zeta-potential measurements 398:424 In this study, adsorption of 2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium xylans onto rod-like cellulose nanocrystals are investigated by zeta-potential measurements, and polarized and depolarized dynamic light scattering as a factor for better understanding of lignocellulosic fibers and cellulose nanocrystals. 25460697 2 31 theme fibers 538:543 arg1 understanding 505:517 better understanding 498:517 better understanding of lignocellulosic fibers and cellulose nanocrystals 498:570 In this study, adsorption of 2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium xylans onto rod-like cellulose nanocrystals are investigated by zeta-potential measurements, and polarized and depolarized dynamic light scattering as a factor for better understanding of lignocellulosic fibers and cellulose nanocrystals. 25460697 5 32 theme cellulose 996:1004 arg1 nanocrystal 1006:1016 the cellulose nanocrystal 992:1016 the cellulose nanocrystal 992:1016 At low 2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium xylan concentrations relative to that of cellulose nanocrystal, xylan derivatives adsorbed onto some of the cellulose nanocrystal. 25460697 4 33 theme system 721:726 arg1 distributions 674:686 Decay time distributions 663:686 Decay time distributions of the ternary system and binary system from dynamic light scattering 663:756 Decay time distributions of the ternary system and binary system from dynamic light scattering show that aggregates exist in the binary system and they disappear in the ternary system. 25460697 5 34 theme low 851:853 arg1 concentrations 894:907 low 2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium xylan concentrations 851:907 low 2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium xylan concentrations relative to that of cellulose nanocrystal 851:949 At low 2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium xylan concentrations relative to that of cellulose nanocrystal, xylan derivatives adsorbed onto some of the cellulose nanocrystal. 25460697 1 35 theme lignocellulosic 152:166 arg1 fibers 168:173 lignocellulosic fibers 152:173 lignocellulosic fibers 152:173 Chemical incompatibility and relatively weak interaction between lignocellulosic fibers and synthetic polymers have made studies of wood fiber-thermoplastic composite more challenging. 25460697 2 36 theme lignocellulosic 522:536 arg1 fibers 538:543 lignocellulosic fibers 522:543 lignocellulosic fibers 522:543 In this study, adsorption of 2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium xylans onto rod-like cellulose nanocrystals are investigated by zeta-potential measurements, and polarized and depolarized dynamic light scattering as a factor for better understanding of lignocellulosic fibers and cellulose nanocrystals. 25460697 0 37 theme cellulose 64:72 arg1 nanocrystal 74:84 rod-like cellulose nanocrystal 55:84 rod-like cellulose nanocrystal 55:84 2-Hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium xylan adsorption onto rod-like cellulose nanocrystal. 25460697 4 38 theme binary 714:719 arg1 system 721:726 binary system 714:726 binary system 714:726 Decay time distributions of the ternary system and binary system from dynamic light scattering show that aggregates exist in the binary system and they disappear in the ternary system. 25460697 5 39 theme 2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium 855:886 arg1 concentrations 894:907 low 2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium xylan concentrations 851:907 low 2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium xylan concentrations relative to that of cellulose nanocrystal 851:949 At low 2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium xylan concentrations relative to that of cellulose nanocrystal, xylan derivatives adsorbed onto some of the cellulose nanocrystal. 25460697 3 40 theme Zeta-potential 573:586 arg1 measurements 588:599 Zeta-potential measurements 573:599 Zeta-potential measurements 573:599 Zeta-potential measurements show xylan derivative adsorption onto cellulose nanocrystals. 25460697 0 41 theme rod-like 55:62 arg1 nanocrystal 74:84 rod-like cellulose nanocrystal 55:84 rod-like cellulose nanocrystal 55:84 2-Hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium xylan adsorption onto rod-like cellulose nanocrystal. 25460697 5 42 theme xylan 888:892 arg1 concentrations 894:907 low 2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium xylan concentrations 851:907 low 2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium xylan concentrations relative to that of cellulose nanocrystal 851:949 At low 2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium xylan concentrations relative to that of cellulose nanocrystal, xylan derivatives adsorbed onto some of the cellulose nanocrystal. 25460697 6 43 theme xylan 1031:1035 arg1 derivatives 1037:1047 more xylan derivatives 1026:1047 more xylan derivatives adsorbed onto cellulose nanocrystal 1026:1083 Hence, more xylan derivatives adsorbed onto cellulose nanocrystal increased with increasing xylan derivative concentration. 25460697 7 44 theme coefficient 1219:1229 arg1 ratio 1185:1189 the ratio 1181:1189 the ratio of the rotational diffusion coefficient to the translational diffusion coefficient 1181:1272 Also, the concentration dependence of the ratio of the rotational diffusion coefficient to the translational diffusion coefficient revealed a strong adsorptive interaction between xylan derivatives and the cellulose nanocrystals. 25460697 4 45 theme binary 792:797 arg1 system 799:804 the binary system 788:804 the binary system 788:804 Decay time distributions of the ternary system and binary system from dynamic light scattering show that aggregates exist in the binary system and they disappear in the ternary system. 25460697 7 46 theme diffusion 1252:1260 arg1 coefficient 1262:1272 the translational diffusion coefficient 1234:1272 the translational diffusion coefficient 1234:1272 Also, the concentration dependence of the ratio of the rotational diffusion coefficient to the translational diffusion coefficient revealed a strong adsorptive interaction between xylan derivatives and the cellulose nanocrystals. 25460697 6 47 theme more 1026:1029 arg1 derivatives 1037:1047 more xylan derivatives 1026:1047 more xylan derivatives adsorbed onto cellulose nanocrystal 1026:1083 Hence, more xylan derivatives adsorbed onto cellulose nanocrystal increased with increasing xylan derivative concentration. 25460697 4 48 theme ternary 695:701 arg1 system 703:708 the ternary system 691:708 the ternary system 691:708 Decay time distributions of the ternary system and binary system from dynamic light scattering show that aggregates exist in the binary system and they disappear in the ternary system. 25460697 7 49 theme rotational 1198:1207 arg1 coefficient 1219:1229 the rotational diffusion coefficient 1194:1229 the rotational diffusion coefficient 1194:1229 Also, the concentration dependence of the ratio of the rotational diffusion coefficient to the translational diffusion coefficient revealed a strong adsorptive interaction between xylan derivatives and the cellulose nanocrystals. 25460697 3 50 theme cellulose 639:647 arg1 nanocrystals 649:660 cellulose nanocrystals 639:660 cellulose nanocrystals 639:660 Zeta-potential measurements show xylan derivative adsorption onto cellulose nanocrystals. 25460697 2 51 theme rod-like 346:353 arg1 nanocrystals 365:376 rod-like cellulose nanocrystals 346:376 rod-like cellulose nanocrystals 346:376 In this study, adsorption of 2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium xylans onto rod-like cellulose nanocrystals are investigated by zeta-potential measurements, and polarized and depolarized dynamic light scattering as a factor for better understanding of lignocellulosic fibers and cellulose nanocrystals. 25460697 7 52 theme diffusion 1209:1217 arg1 coefficient 1219:1229 the rotational diffusion coefficient 1194:1229 the rotational diffusion coefficient 1194:1229 Also, the concentration dependence of the ratio of the rotational diffusion coefficient to the translational diffusion coefficient revealed a strong adsorptive interaction between xylan derivatives and the cellulose nanocrystals. 25460697 1 53 theme synthetic 179:187 arg1 polymers 189:196 synthetic polymers 179:196 synthetic polymers 179:196 Chemical incompatibility and relatively weak interaction between lignocellulosic fibers and synthetic polymers have made studies of wood fiber-thermoplastic composite more challenging. 25460697 7 54 theme translational 1238:1250 arg1 coefficient 1262:1272 the translational diffusion coefficient 1234:1272 the translational diffusion coefficient 1234:1272 Also, the concentration dependence of the ratio of the rotational diffusion coefficient to the translational diffusion coefficient revealed a strong adsorptive interaction between xylan derivatives and the cellulose nanocrystals. 25460697 3 55 theme derivative 612:621 arg1 adsorption 623:632 xylan derivative adsorption 606:632 xylan derivative adsorption onto cellulose nanocrystals 606:660 Zeta-potential measurements show xylan derivative adsorption onto cellulose nanocrystals. 25460697 2 56 theme xylans 334:339 arg1 adsorption 287:296 adsorption 287:296 adsorption of 2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium xylans onto rod-like cellulose nanocrystals 287:376 In this study, adsorption of 2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium xylans onto rod-like cellulose nanocrystals are investigated by zeta-potential measurements, and polarized and depolarized dynamic light scattering as a factor for better understanding of lignocellulosic fibers and cellulose nanocrystals. 25460697 1 57 theme challenging 259:269 arg1 composite 244:252 wood fiber-thermoplastic composite 219:252 wood fiber-thermoplastic composite more challenging 219:269 Chemical incompatibility and relatively weak interaction between lignocellulosic fibers and synthetic polymers have made studies of wood fiber-thermoplastic composite more challenging. 25460697 4 58 theme ternary 832:838 arg1 system 840:845 the ternary system 828:845 the ternary system 828:845 Decay time distributions of the ternary system and binary system from dynamic light scattering show that aggregates exist in the binary system and they disappear in the ternary system. 25460697 5 59 theme cellulose 929:937 arg1 nanocrystal 939:949 cellulose nanocrystal 929:949 cellulose nanocrystal 929:949 At low 2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium xylan concentrations relative to that of cellulose nanocrystal, xylan derivatives adsorbed onto some of the cellulose nanocrystal. 25460697 6 60 theme derivative 1117:1126 arg1 concentration 1128:1140 xylan derivative concentration 1111:1140 xylan derivative concentration 1111:1140 Hence, more xylan derivatives adsorbed onto cellulose nanocrystal increased with increasing xylan derivative concentration. 25460697 2 61 theme 2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium 301:332 arg1 xylans 334:339 2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium xylans 301:339 2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium xylans 301:339 In this study, adsorption of 2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium xylans onto rod-like cellulose nanocrystals are investigated by zeta-potential measurements, and polarized and depolarized dynamic light scattering as a factor for better understanding of lignocellulosic fibers and cellulose nanocrystals. 29934143 0 0 theme membrane 81:88 arg1 reactor 90:96 an enzyme membrane reactor 71:96 an enzyme membrane reactor 71:96 Continuous production of pectic oligosaccharides from onion skins with an enzyme membrane reactor. 29934143 6 1 theme enzyme 920:925 arg1 L 937:937 the enzyme Viscozyme L 916:937 the enzyme Viscozyme L 916:937 Compared to previous results obtained in batch for the enzyme Viscozyme L, EMR provided a 3-5× higher volumetric productivity for the smallest POS. 29934143 4 2 theme oligosaccharides 678:693 arg1 terms 659:663 terms 659:663 terms of mono- and oligosaccharides 659:693 The composition of the POS mixtures in terms of mono- and oligosaccharides was assessed at the molecular level. 29934143 1 3 theme onion 140:144 arg1 compounds 232:240 compounds 232:240 compounds with potential health benefits 232:271 The aim of this research was to valorize onion skins, an under-utilized agricultural by-product, into pectic oligosaccharides (POS), compounds with potential health benefits. 29934143 1 3 theme onion 140:144 arg1 by-product 184:193 an under-utilized agricultural by-product 153:193 an under-utilized agricultural by-product 153:193 The aim of this research was to valorize onion skins, an under-utilized agricultural by-product, into pectic oligosaccharides (POS), compounds with potential health benefits. 29934143 1 3 theme onion 140:144 arg1 skins 146:150 onion skins 140:150 onion skins 140:150 The aim of this research was to valorize onion skins, an under-utilized agricultural by-product, into pectic oligosaccharides (POS), compounds with potential health benefits. 29934143 6 4 theme smallest 999:1006 arg1 POS 1008:1010 the smallest POS 995:1010 the smallest POS 995:1010 Compared to previous results obtained in batch for the enzyme Viscozyme L, EMR provided a 3-5× higher volumetric productivity for the smallest POS. 29934143 0 5 theme enzyme 74:79 arg1 reactor 90:96 an enzyme membrane reactor 71:96 an enzyme membrane reactor 71:96 Continuous production of pectic oligosaccharides from onion skins with an enzyme membrane reactor. 29934143 2 6 theme Viscozyme 344:352 arg1 L 354:354 the multi-activity enzyme Viscozyme L 318:354 the multi-activity enzyme Viscozyme L 318:354 To achieve high hydrolysis performance with the multi-activity enzyme Viscozyme L, an innovative approach was investigated based on a cross-flow continuous membrane enzyme bioreactor (EMR). 29934143 7 7 theme pure 1097:1100 arg1 enzyme 1121:1126 a pure endo-galacturonase enzyme 1095:1126 a pure endo-galacturonase enzyme 1095:1126 Moreover, it gave competitive results even when compared to batch production with a pure endo-galacturonase enzyme, demonstrating its feasibility for efficient POS production. 29934143 5 8 with production 770:779 arg1 POS/monosaccharides 831:849 22.0g/L/h volumetric productivity and 4.5g/g POS/monosaccharides 786:849 22.0g/L/h volumetric productivity and 4.5g/g POS/monosaccharides 786:849 At optimized conditions, a stable POS production with 22.0g/L/h volumetric productivity and 4.5g/g POS/monosaccharides was achieved. 29934143 5 9 theme volumetric 796:805 arg1 POS/monosaccharides 831:849 22.0g/L/h volumetric productivity and 4.5g/g POS/monosaccharides 786:849 22.0g/L/h volumetric productivity and 4.5g/g POS/monosaccharides 786:849 At optimized conditions, a stable POS production with 22.0g/L/h volumetric productivity and 4.5g/g POS/monosaccharides was achieved. 29934143 7 10 theme endo-galacturonase 1102:1119 arg1 enzyme 1121:1126 a pure endo-galacturonase enzyme 1095:1126 a pure endo-galacturonase enzyme 1095:1126 Moreover, it gave competitive results even when compared to batch production with a pure endo-galacturonase enzyme, demonstrating its feasibility for efficient POS production. 29934143 3 11 theme enzyme 529:534 arg1 time 523:526 residence time 513:526 residence time 513:526 The influence of the various process conditions (residence time, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration) was investigated on productivity and yield. 29934143 3 11 theme enzyme 529:534 arg1 concentration 536:548 enzyme concentration 529:548 enzyme concentration 529:548 The influence of the various process conditions (residence time, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration) was investigated on productivity and yield. 29934143 1 12 theme potential 247:255 arg1 benefits 264:271 potential health benefits 247:271 potential health benefits 247:271 The aim of this research was to valorize onion skins, an under-utilized agricultural by-product, into pectic oligosaccharides (POS), compounds with potential health benefits. 29934143 0 13 from onion 54:58 arg1 production 11:20 Continuous production 0:20 Continuous production of pectic oligosaccharides from onion 0:58 Continuous production of pectic oligosaccharides from onion skins with an enzyme membrane reactor. 29934143 5 14 dep production 770:779 arg1 POS 766:768 a stable POS production 757:779 a stable POS production with 22.0g/L/h volumetric productivity and 4.5g/g POS/monosaccharides 757:849 At optimized conditions, a stable POS production with 22.0g/L/h volumetric productivity and 4.5g/g POS/monosaccharides was achieved. 29934143 3 15 theme residence 513:521 arg1 time 523:526 residence time 513:526 residence time 513:526 The influence of the various process conditions (residence time, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration) was investigated on productivity and yield. 29934143 3 15 theme residence 513:521 arg1 concentration 536:548 enzyme concentration 529:548 enzyme concentration 529:548 The influence of the various process conditions (residence time, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration) was investigated on productivity and yield. 29934143 3 15 theme residence 513:521 arg1 concentration 561:573 substrate concentration 551:573 substrate concentration 551:573 The influence of the various process conditions (residence time, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration) was investigated on productivity and yield. 29934143 4 16 theme mixtures 647:654 arg1 composition 624:634 The composition 620:634 The composition of the POS mixtures in terms of mono- and oligosaccharides 620:693 The composition of the POS mixtures in terms of mono- and oligosaccharides was assessed at the molecular level. 29934143 5 17 theme stable 759:764 arg1 production 770:779 a stable POS production 757:779 a stable POS production with 22.0g/L/h volumetric productivity and 4.5g/g POS/monosaccharides 757:849 At optimized conditions, a stable POS production with 22.0g/L/h volumetric productivity and 4.5g/g POS/monosaccharides was achieved. 29934143 0 18 theme Continuous 0:9 arg1 production 11:20 Continuous production 0:20 Continuous production of pectic oligosaccharides from onion 0:58 Continuous production of pectic oligosaccharides from onion skins with an enzyme membrane reactor. 29934143 4 19 theme POS 643:645 arg1 mixtures 647:654 the POS mixtures 639:654 the POS mixtures 639:654 The composition of the POS mixtures in terms of mono- and oligosaccharides was assessed at the molecular level. 29934143 5 20 theme 22.0g/L/h 786:794 arg1 POS/monosaccharides 831:849 22.0g/L/h volumetric productivity and 4.5g/g POS/monosaccharides 786:849 22.0g/L/h volumetric productivity and 4.5g/g POS/monosaccharides 786:849 At optimized conditions, a stable POS production with 22.0g/L/h volumetric productivity and 4.5g/g POS/monosaccharides was achieved. 29934143 7 21 theme batch 1073:1077 arg1 production 1079:1088 batch production 1073:1088 batch production 1073:1088 Moreover, it gave competitive results even when compared to batch production with a pure endo-galacturonase enzyme, demonstrating its feasibility for efficient POS production. 29934143 6 22 theme volumetric 967:976 arg1 productivity 978:989 a 3-5× higher volumetric productivity 953:989 a 3-5× higher volumetric productivity for the smallest POS 953:1010 Compared to previous results obtained in batch for the enzyme Viscozyme L, EMR provided a 3-5× higher volumetric productivity for the smallest POS. 29934143 3 23 theme substrate 551:559 arg1 time 523:526 residence time 513:526 residence time 513:526 The influence of the various process conditions (residence time, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration) was investigated on productivity and yield. 29934143 3 23 theme substrate 551:559 arg1 concentration 561:573 substrate concentration 551:573 substrate concentration 551:573 The influence of the various process conditions (residence time, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration) was investigated on productivity and yield. 29934143 1 24 theme under-utilized 156:169 arg1 by-product 184:193 an under-utilized agricultural by-product 153:193 an under-utilized agricultural by-product 153:193 The aim of this research was to valorize onion skins, an under-utilized agricultural by-product, into pectic oligosaccharides (POS), compounds with potential health benefits. 29934143 1 24 theme under-utilized 156:169 arg1 skins 146:150 onion skins 140:150 onion skins 140:150 The aim of this research was to valorize onion skins, an under-utilized agricultural by-product, into pectic oligosaccharides (POS), compounds with potential health benefits. 29934143 2 25 theme enzyme 439:444 arg1 EMR 458:460 EMR 458:460 EMR 458:460 To achieve high hydrolysis performance with the multi-activity enzyme Viscozyme L, an innovative approach was investigated based on a cross-flow continuous membrane enzyme bioreactor (EMR). 29934143 2 25 theme enzyme 439:444 arg1 bioreactor 446:455 a cross-flow continuous membrane enzyme bioreactor 406:455 a cross-flow continuous membrane enzyme bioreactor (EMR) 406:461 To achieve high hydrolysis performance with the multi-activity enzyme Viscozyme L, an innovative approach was investigated based on a cross-flow continuous membrane enzyme bioreactor (EMR). 29934143 1 26 theme health 257:262 arg1 benefits 264:271 potential health benefits 247:271 potential health benefits 247:271 The aim of this research was to valorize onion skins, an under-utilized agricultural by-product, into pectic oligosaccharides (POS), compounds with potential health benefits. 29934143 2 27 theme hydrolysis 290:299 arg1 performance 301:311 high hydrolysis performance 285:311 high hydrolysis performance 285:311 To achieve high hydrolysis performance with the multi-activity enzyme Viscozyme L, an innovative approach was investigated based on a cross-flow continuous membrane enzyme bioreactor (EMR). 29934143 1 28 theme agricultural 171:182 arg1 by-product 184:193 an under-utilized agricultural by-product 153:193 an under-utilized agricultural by-product 153:193 The aim of this research was to valorize onion skins, an under-utilized agricultural by-product, into pectic oligosaccharides (POS), compounds with potential health benefits. 29934143 1 28 theme agricultural 171:182 arg1 skins 146:150 onion skins 140:150 onion skins 140:150 The aim of this research was to valorize onion skins, an under-utilized agricultural by-product, into pectic oligosaccharides (POS), compounds with potential health benefits. 29934143 0 29 theme pectic 25:30 arg1 oligosaccharides 32:47 pectic oligosaccharides 25:47 pectic oligosaccharides 25:47 Continuous production of pectic oligosaccharides from onion skins with an enzyme membrane reactor. 29934143 4 30 theme molecular 715:723 arg1 level 725:729 the molecular level 711:729 the molecular level 711:729 The composition of the POS mixtures in terms of mono- and oligosaccharides was assessed at the molecular level. 29934143 2 31 theme high 285:288 arg1 performance 301:311 high hydrolysis performance 285:311 high hydrolysis performance 285:311 To achieve high hydrolysis performance with the multi-activity enzyme Viscozyme L, an innovative approach was investigated based on a cross-flow continuous membrane enzyme bioreactor (EMR). 29934143 2 32 theme cross-flow 408:417 arg1 EMR 458:460 EMR 458:460 EMR 458:460 To achieve high hydrolysis performance with the multi-activity enzyme Viscozyme L, an innovative approach was investigated based on a cross-flow continuous membrane enzyme bioreactor (EMR). 29934143 2 32 theme cross-flow 408:417 arg1 bioreactor 446:455 a cross-flow continuous membrane enzyme bioreactor 406:455 a cross-flow continuous membrane enzyme bioreactor (EMR) 406:461 To achieve high hydrolysis performance with the multi-activity enzyme Viscozyme L, an innovative approach was investigated based on a cross-flow continuous membrane enzyme bioreactor (EMR). 29934143 2 33 theme continuous 419:428 arg1 EMR 458:460 EMR 458:460 EMR 458:460 To achieve high hydrolysis performance with the multi-activity enzyme Viscozyme L, an innovative approach was investigated based on a cross-flow continuous membrane enzyme bioreactor (EMR). 29934143 2 33 theme continuous 419:428 arg1 bioreactor 446:455 a cross-flow continuous membrane enzyme bioreactor 406:455 a cross-flow continuous membrane enzyme bioreactor (EMR) 406:461 To achieve high hydrolysis performance with the multi-activity enzyme Viscozyme L, an innovative approach was investigated based on a cross-flow continuous membrane enzyme bioreactor (EMR). 29934143 6 34 theme previous 877:884 arg1 results 886:892 previous results 877:892 previous results obtained in batch for the enzyme Viscozyme L 877:937 Compared to previous results obtained in batch for the enzyme Viscozyme L, EMR provided a 3-5× higher volumetric productivity for the smallest POS. 29934143 3 35 theme process 493:499 arg1 conditions 501:510 the various process conditions 481:510 the various process conditions (residence time, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration) 481:574 The influence of the various process conditions (residence time, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration) was investigated on productivity and yield. 29934143 4 36 from composition 624:634 arg1 terms 659:663 terms 659:663 terms of mono- and oligosaccharides 659:693 The composition of the POS mixtures in terms of mono- and oligosaccharides was assessed at the molecular level. 29934143 4 37 theme mono- 668:672 arg1 terms 659:663 terms 659:663 terms of mono- and oligosaccharides 659:693 The composition of the POS mixtures in terms of mono- and oligosaccharides was assessed at the molecular level. 29934143 3 38 theme various 485:491 arg1 conditions 501:510 the various process conditions 481:510 the various process conditions (residence time, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration) 481:574 The influence of the various process conditions (residence time, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration) was investigated on productivity and yield. 29934143 7 39 dep production 1177:1186 arg1 POS 1173:1175 efficient POS production 1163:1186 efficient POS production 1163:1186 Moreover, it gave competitive results even when compared to batch production with a pure endo-galacturonase enzyme, demonstrating its feasibility for efficient POS production. 29934143 2 40 theme innovative 360:369 arg1 approach 371:378 an innovative approach 357:378 an innovative approach 357:378 To achieve high hydrolysis performance with the multi-activity enzyme Viscozyme L, an innovative approach was investigated based on a cross-flow continuous membrane enzyme bioreactor (EMR). 29934143 0 41 theme oligosaccharides 32:47 arg1 production 11:20 Continuous production 0:20 Continuous production of pectic oligosaccharides from onion 0:58 Continuous production of pectic oligosaccharides from onion skins with an enzyme membrane reactor. 29934143 2 42 theme membrane 430:437 arg1 EMR 458:460 EMR 458:460 EMR 458:460 To achieve high hydrolysis performance with the multi-activity enzyme Viscozyme L, an innovative approach was investigated based on a cross-flow continuous membrane enzyme bioreactor (EMR). 29934143 2 42 theme membrane 430:437 arg1 bioreactor 446:455 a cross-flow continuous membrane enzyme bioreactor 406:455 a cross-flow continuous membrane enzyme bioreactor (EMR) 406:461 To achieve high hydrolysis performance with the multi-activity enzyme Viscozyme L, an innovative approach was investigated based on a cross-flow continuous membrane enzyme bioreactor (EMR). 29934143 1 43 theme pectic 201:206 arg1 POS 226:228 POS 226:228 POS 226:228 The aim of this research was to valorize onion skins, an under-utilized agricultural by-product, into pectic oligosaccharides (POS), compounds with potential health benefits. 29934143 1 43 theme pectic 201:206 arg1 oligosaccharides 208:223 pectic oligosaccharides 201:223 pectic oligosaccharides (POS) 201:229 The aim of this research was to valorize onion skins, an under-utilized agricultural by-product, into pectic oligosaccharides (POS), compounds with potential health benefits. 29934143 7 44 theme competitive 1031:1041 arg1 results 1043:1049 competitive results 1031:1049 competitive results 1031:1049 Moreover, it gave competitive results even when compared to batch production with a pure endo-galacturonase enzyme, demonstrating its feasibility for efficient POS production. 29934143 6 45 theme higher 960:965 arg1 productivity 978:989 a 3-5× higher volumetric productivity 953:989 a 3-5× higher volumetric productivity for the smallest POS 953:1010 Compared to previous results obtained in batch for the enzyme Viscozyme L, EMR provided a 3-5× higher volumetric productivity for the smallest POS. 29934143 2 46 theme enzyme 337:342 arg1 L 354:354 the multi-activity enzyme Viscozyme L 318:354 the multi-activity enzyme Viscozyme L 318:354 To achieve high hydrolysis performance with the multi-activity enzyme Viscozyme L, an innovative approach was investigated based on a cross-flow continuous membrane enzyme bioreactor (EMR). 29934143 5 47 theme productivity 807:818 arg1 POS/monosaccharides 831:849 22.0g/L/h volumetric productivity and 4.5g/g POS/monosaccharides 786:849 22.0g/L/h volumetric productivity and 4.5g/g POS/monosaccharides 786:849 At optimized conditions, a stable POS production with 22.0g/L/h volumetric productivity and 4.5g/g POS/monosaccharides was achieved. 29934143 2 48 theme multi-activity 322:335 arg1 L 354:354 the multi-activity enzyme Viscozyme L 318:354 the multi-activity enzyme Viscozyme L 318:354 To achieve high hydrolysis performance with the multi-activity enzyme Viscozyme L, an innovative approach was investigated based on a cross-flow continuous membrane enzyme bioreactor (EMR). 29934143 7 49 theme efficient 1163:1171 arg1 production 1177:1186 efficient POS production 1163:1186 efficient POS production 1163:1186 Moreover, it gave competitive results even when compared to batch production with a pure endo-galacturonase enzyme, demonstrating its feasibility for efficient POS production. 29934143 1 50 with compounds 232:240 arg1 benefits 264:271 potential health benefits 247:271 potential health benefits 247:271 The aim of this research was to valorize onion skins, an under-utilized agricultural by-product, into pectic oligosaccharides (POS), compounds with potential health benefits. 29934143 1 51 theme research 115:122 arg1 aim 103:105 The aim 99:105 The aim of this research 99:122 The aim of this research was to valorize onion skins, an under-utilized agricultural by-product, into pectic oligosaccharides (POS), compounds with potential health benefits. 29934143 3 52 dep conditions 501:510 arg1 time 523:526 residence time 513:526 residence time 513:526 The influence of the various process conditions (residence time, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration) was investigated on productivity and yield. 29934143 3 52 dep conditions 501:510 arg1 concentration 536:548 enzyme concentration 529:548 enzyme concentration 529:548 The influence of the various process conditions (residence time, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration) was investigated on productivity and yield. 29934143 3 52 dep conditions 501:510 arg1 concentration 561:573 substrate concentration 551:573 substrate concentration 551:573 The influence of the various process conditions (residence time, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration) was investigated on productivity and yield. 29934143 5 53 theme optimized 735:743 arg1 conditions 745:754 optimized conditions 735:754 optimized conditions 735:754 At optimized conditions, a stable POS production with 22.0g/L/h volumetric productivity and 4.5g/g POS/monosaccharides was achieved. 29934143 5 54 theme 4.5g/g 824:829 arg1 POS/monosaccharides 831:849 22.0g/L/h volumetric productivity and 4.5g/g POS/monosaccharides 786:849 22.0g/L/h volumetric productivity and 4.5g/g POS/monosaccharides 786:849 At optimized conditions, a stable POS production with 22.0g/L/h volumetric productivity and 4.5g/g POS/monosaccharides was achieved. 29934143 3 55 theme conditions 501:510 arg1 influence 468:476 The influence 464:476 The influence of the various process conditions (residence time, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration) 464:574 The influence of the various process conditions (residence time, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration) was investigated on productivity and yield. 29934143 6 56 theme Viscozyme 927:935 arg1 L 937:937 the enzyme Viscozyme L 916:937 the enzyme Viscozyme L 916:937 Compared to previous results obtained in batch for the enzyme Viscozyme L, EMR provided a 3-5× higher volumetric productivity for the smallest POS. 26662466 4 0 theme chondroitin 543:553 arg1 sulfate 577:583 chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate 543:583 chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate 543:583 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 7 1 dep = 1480:1480 arg1 ± 1486:1486 1.0 ± 0.4 1482:1490 1.0 ± 0.4 1482:1490 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 6 2 theme disaccharide 982:993 arg1 profiles 995:1002 disaccharide profiles 982:1002 disaccharide profiles 982:1002 Sulfation pattern in NRT and RCCT was evaluated to reveal disaccharide profiles. 26662466 7 3 dep 6SCS 1213:1216 arg1 = 1241:1241 = 1241:1241 = 1241:1241 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 4 4 theme renal 638:642 arg1 RCCT 667:670 RCCT 667:670 RCCT 667:670 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 4 4 theme renal 638:642 arg1 tissue 659:664 renal cell carcinoma tissue 638:664 renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) 638:671 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 7 5 theme NS2SHS 1373:1378 arg1 4SCS 1125:1128 4SCS 1125:1128 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9) 1125:1168 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 5 theme NS2SHS 1373:1378 arg1 6SHS 1516:1519 6SHS 1516:1519 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3) 1516:1559 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 5 theme NS2SHS 1373:1378 arg1 NS2SHS 1373:1378 NS2SHS 1373:1378 NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0) 1373:1419 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 5 theme NS2SHS 1373:1378 arg1 amounts 1083:1089 significantly increased amounts 1059:1089 significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9) 1059:1168 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 5 theme NS2SHS 1373:1378 arg1 SECS 1171:1174 SECS 1171:1174 SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5) 1171:1210 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 5 theme NS2SHS 1373:1378 arg1 6SCS 1213:1216 6SCS 1213:1216 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) 1213:1254 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 5 theme NS2SHS 1373:1378 arg1 amounts 1284:1290 significantly decreased amounts 1260:1290 significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3) 1260:1559 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 5 theme NS2SHS 1373:1378 arg1 NSHS 1422:1425 NSHS 1422:1425 NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2) 1422:1465 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 5 theme NS2SHS 1373:1378 arg1 2S6SHS 1468:1473 2S6SHS 1468:1473 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3) 1468:1509 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 5 theme NS2SHS 1373:1378 arg1 NS6SHS 1326:1331 NS6SHS 1326:1331 NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0) 1326:1370 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 5 theme NS2SHS 1373:1378 arg1 ± 1346:1346 RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5 1334:1350 RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5 1334:1350 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 6 theme = 1480:1480 arg1 NRT 1476:1478 NRT 1476:1478 NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4 1476:1490 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 0 7 theme renal 70:74 arg1 carcinoma 81:89 renal cell carcinoma 70:89 renal cell carcinoma 70:89 Changes in composition and sulfation patterns of glycoaminoglycans in renal cell carcinoma. 26662466 4 8 theme renal 615:619 arg1 NRT 629:631 NRT 629:631 NRT 629:631 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 4 8 theme renal 615:619 arg1 tissue 621:626 normal renal tissue 608:626 normal renal tissue (NRT) 608:632 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 7 9 dep = 1498:1498 arg1 NRT 1476:1478 NRT 1476:1478 NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4 1476:1490 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 4 10 from changes 454:460 arg1 composition 487:497 composition 487:497 composition 487:497 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 4 10 from changes 454:460 arg1 pattern 475:481 sulfation pattern 465:481 sulfation pattern 465:481 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 7 11 dep = 1241:1241 arg1 NRT 1219:1221 NRT 1219:1221 NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7 1219:1233 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 12 dep 6SHS 1516:1519 arg1 = 1546:1546 = 1546:1546 = 1546:1546 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 4 13 from hyaluronan 589:598 arg1 RCCT 667:670 RCCT 667:670 RCCT 667:670 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 4 13 from hyaluronan 589:598 arg1 NRT 629:631 NRT 629:631 NRT 629:631 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 4 13 from hyaluronan 589:598 arg1 tissue 659:664 renal cell carcinoma tissue 638:664 renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) 638:671 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 4 13 from hyaluronan 589:598 arg1 tissue 621:626 normal renal tissue 608:626 normal renal tissue (NRT) 608:632 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 1 14 theme repeating 199:207 arg1 units 223:227 repeating disaccharides units 199:227 repeating disaccharides units 199:227 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are heterogeneous, linear, highly charged, anionic polysaccharides consisting of repeating disaccharides units. 26662466 5 15 dep = 834:834 arg1 CSNRT 806:810 CSNRT 806:810 CSNRT = 35.3 ± 12.3 806:824 The statistical evaluation showed that alteration of the HS (HSNRT = 415.1 ± 115.3; HSRCCT = 277.5 ± 134.3), and CS (CSNRT = 35.3 ± 12.3; CSRCCT = 166.7 ± 108.8) amounts (in ng/mg dry tissue) were statistically significant (p < 0.05). 26662466 4 16 from investigation 437:449 arg1 composition 487:497 composition 487:497 composition 487:497 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 4 16 from investigation 437:449 arg1 pattern 475:481 sulfation pattern 465:481 sulfation pattern 465:481 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 7 17 theme decreased 1274:1282 arg1 4SCS 1125:1128 4SCS 1125:1128 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9) 1125:1168 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 17 theme decreased 1274:1282 arg1 NS2SHS 1373:1378 NS2SHS 1373:1378 NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0) 1373:1419 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 17 theme decreased 1274:1282 arg1 6SHS 1516:1519 6SHS 1516:1519 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3) 1516:1559 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 17 theme decreased 1274:1282 arg1 amounts 1284:1290 significantly decreased amounts 1260:1290 significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3) 1260:1559 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 17 theme decreased 1274:1282 arg1 ± 1346:1346 RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5 1334:1350 RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5 1334:1350 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 17 theme decreased 1274:1282 arg1 NSHS 1422:1425 NSHS 1422:1425 NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2) 1422:1465 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 17 theme decreased 1274:1282 arg1 2S6SHS 1468:1473 2S6SHS 1468:1473 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3) 1468:1509 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 17 theme decreased 1274:1282 arg1 NS6SHS 1326:1331 NS6SHS 1326:1331 NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0) 1326:1370 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 4 18 theme changes 454:460 arg1 /heparin 528:535 heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin 508:535 heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP) 508:540 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 4 18 theme changes 454:460 arg1 investigation 437:449 depth investigation 431:449 depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs 431:505 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 7 19 theme = 1526:1526 arg1 NRT 1522:1524 NRT 1522:1524 NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5 1522:1538 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 5 20 theme ng/mg 863:867 arg1 tissue 873:878 ng/mg dry tissue 863:878 ng/mg dry tissue 863:878 The statistical evaluation showed that alteration of the HS (HSNRT = 415.1 ± 115.3; HSRCCT = 277.5 ± 134.3), and CS (CSNRT = 35.3 ± 12.3; CSRCCT = 166.7 ± 108.8) amounts (in ng/mg dry tissue) were statistically significant (p < 0.05). 26662466 9 21 theme different 1779:1787 arg1 approaches 1815:1824 different diagnostic and prognostic approaches 1779:1824 different diagnostic and prognostic approaches in renal tumors 1779:1840 Our findings are likely to help us to show the direction for further investigations to be able to bring different diagnostic and prognostic approaches in renal tumors. 26662466 7 22 theme RCCT 1353:1356 arg1 ± 1365:1365 RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0 1353:1369 RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0 1353:1369 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 23 dep ± 1346:1346 arg1 ± 1365:1365 RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0 1353:1369 RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0 1353:1369 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 9 24 theme diagnostic 1789:1798 arg1 approaches 1815:1824 different diagnostic and prognostic approaches 1779:1824 different diagnostic and prognostic approaches in renal tumors 1779:1840 Our findings are likely to help us to show the direction for further investigations to be able to bring different diagnostic and prognostic approaches in renal tumors. 26662466 4 25 theme carcinoma 649:657 arg1 RCCT 667:670 RCCT 667:670 RCCT 667:670 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 4 25 theme carcinoma 649:657 arg1 tissue 659:664 renal cell carcinoma tissue 638:664 renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) 638:671 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 5 26 theme CS 802:803 arg1 amounts 851:857 the HS (HSNRT = 415.1 ± 115.3; HSRCCT = 277.5 ± 134.3), and CS (CSNRT = 35.3 ± 12.3; CSRCCT = 166.7 ± 108.8) amounts 742:857 the HS (HSNRT = 415.1 ± 115.3; HSRCCT = 277.5 ± 134.3), and CS (CSNRT = 35.3 ± 12.3; CSRCCT = 166.7 ± 108.8) amounts (in ng/mg dry tissue) 742:879 The statistical evaluation showed that alteration of the HS (HSNRT = 415.1 ± 115.3; HSRCCT = 277.5 ± 134.3), and CS (CSNRT = 35.3 ± 12.3; CSRCCT = 166.7 ± 108.8) amounts (in ng/mg dry tissue) were statistically significant (p < 0.05). 26662466 7 27 dep NSHS 1422:1425 arg1 = 1452:1452 = 1452:1452 = 1452:1452 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 28 theme = 1135:1135 arg1 NRT 1131:1133 NRT 1131:1133 NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4 1131:1146 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 5 29 dep = 812:812 arg1 ± 819:819 35.3 ± 12.3 814:824 35.3 ± 12.3 814:824 The statistical evaluation showed that alteration of the HS (HSNRT = 415.1 ± 115.3; HSRCCT = 277.5 ± 134.3), and CS (CSNRT = 35.3 ± 12.3; CSRCCT = 166.7 ± 108.8) amounts (in ng/mg dry tissue) were statistically significant (p < 0.05). 26662466 7 30 dep 4SCS 1125:1128 arg1 = 1154:1154 = 1154:1154 = 1154:1154 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 2 31 theme biological 245:254 arg1 significance 256:267 some biological significance 240:267 some biological significance 240:267 GAGs have some biological significance in cancer progression (invasion and metastasis) and cell signaling. 26662466 7 32 from SECS 1171:1174 arg1 units 1095:1099 units 1095:1099 units of ng/mg dry tissue 1095:1119 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 32 from SECS 1171:1174 arg1 units 1296:1300 units 1296:1300 units of ng/mg dry tissue 1296:1320 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 0 33 theme cell 76:79 arg1 carcinoma 81:89 renal cell carcinoma 70:89 renal cell carcinoma 70:89 Changes in composition and sulfation patterns of glycoaminoglycans in renal cell carcinoma. 26662466 9 34 theme renal 1829:1833 arg1 tumors 1835:1840 renal tumors 1829:1840 renal tumors 1829:1840 Our findings are likely to help us to show the direction for further investigations to be able to bring different diagnostic and prognostic approaches in renal tumors. 26662466 7 35 theme RCCT 1334:1337 arg1 ± 1346:1346 RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5 1334:1350 RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5 1334:1350 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 35 theme RCCT 1334:1337 arg1 NS6SHS 1326:1331 NS6SHS 1326:1331 NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0) 1326:1370 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 0 36 from Changes 0:6 arg1 composition 11:21 composition 11:21 composition 11:21 Changes in composition and sulfation patterns of glycoaminoglycans in renal cell carcinoma. 26662466 0 36 from Changes 0:6 arg1 carcinoma 81:89 renal cell carcinoma 70:89 renal cell carcinoma 70:89 Changes in composition and sulfation patterns of glycoaminoglycans in renal cell carcinoma. 26662466 1 37 dep heterogeneous 122:134 arg1 anionic 161:167 anionic 161:167 anionic 161:167 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are heterogeneous, linear, highly charged, anionic polysaccharides consisting of repeating disaccharides units. 26662466 1 37 dep heterogeneous 122:134 arg1 linear 137:142 linear 137:142 linear 137:142 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are heterogeneous, linear, highly charged, anionic polysaccharides consisting of repeating disaccharides units. 26662466 1 37 dep heterogeneous 122:134 arg1 charged 152:158 charged 152:158 charged 152:158 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are heterogeneous, linear, highly charged, anionic polysaccharides consisting of repeating disaccharides units. 26662466 5 38 theme p 913:913 arg1 < 915:915 p < 0.05 913:920 p < 0.05 913:920 The statistical evaluation showed that alteration of the HS (HSNRT = 415.1 ± 115.3; HSRCCT = 277.5 ± 134.3), and CS (CSNRT = 35.3 ± 12.3; CSRCCT = 166.7 ± 108.8) amounts (in ng/mg dry tissue) were statistically significant (p < 0.05). 26662466 7 39 theme NS6SHS 1326:1331 arg1 4SCS 1125:1128 4SCS 1125:1128 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9) 1125:1168 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 39 theme NS6SHS 1326:1331 arg1 6SHS 1516:1519 6SHS 1516:1519 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3) 1516:1559 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 39 theme NS6SHS 1326:1331 arg1 NS2SHS 1373:1378 NS2SHS 1373:1378 NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0) 1373:1419 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 39 theme NS6SHS 1326:1331 arg1 amounts 1083:1089 significantly increased amounts 1059:1089 significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9) 1059:1168 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 39 theme NS6SHS 1326:1331 arg1 SECS 1171:1174 SECS 1171:1174 SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5) 1171:1210 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 39 theme NS6SHS 1326:1331 arg1 6SCS 1213:1216 6SCS 1213:1216 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) 1213:1254 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 39 theme NS6SHS 1326:1331 arg1 amounts 1284:1290 significantly decreased amounts 1260:1290 significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3) 1260:1559 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 39 theme NS6SHS 1326:1331 arg1 NSHS 1422:1425 NSHS 1422:1425 NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2) 1422:1465 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 39 theme NS6SHS 1326:1331 arg1 2S6SHS 1468:1473 2S6SHS 1468:1473 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3) 1468:1509 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 39 theme NS6SHS 1326:1331 arg1 NS6SHS 1326:1331 NS6SHS 1326:1331 NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0) 1326:1370 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 39 theme NS6SHS 1326:1331 arg1 ± 1346:1346 RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5 1334:1350 RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5 1334:1350 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 40 dep = 1181:1181 arg1 ± 1187:1187 0.7 ± 0.3 1183:1191 0.7 ± 0.3 1183:1191 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 3 41 theme cancer 350:355 arg1 types 357:361 different cancer types 340:361 different cancer types 340:361 In different cancer types, GAGs undergo specific structural changes. 26662466 4 42 theme sulfation 465:473 arg1 pattern 475:481 sulfation pattern 465:481 sulfation pattern 465:481 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 5 43 from alteration 728:737 arg1 tissue 873:878 ng/mg dry tissue 863:878 ng/mg dry tissue 863:878 The statistical evaluation showed that alteration of the HS (HSNRT = 415.1 ± 115.3; HSRCCT = 277.5 ± 134.3), and CS (CSNRT = 35.3 ± 12.3; CSRCCT = 166.7 ± 108.8) amounts (in ng/mg dry tissue) were statistically significant (p < 0.05). 26662466 3 44 theme structural 386:395 arg1 changes 397:403 specific structural changes 377:403 specific structural changes 377:403 In different cancer types, GAGs undergo specific structural changes. 26662466 5 45 from tissue 873:878 arg1 alteration 728:737 alteration 728:737 alteration of the HS (HSNRT = 415.1 ± 115.3; HSRCCT = 277.5 ± 134.3), and CS (CSNRT = 35.3 ± 12.3; CSRCCT = 166.7 ± 108.8) amounts (in ng/mg dry tissue) 728:879 The statistical evaluation showed that alteration of the HS (HSNRT = 415.1 ± 115.3; HSRCCT = 277.5 ± 134.3), and CS (CSNRT = 35.3 ± 12.3; CSRCCT = 166.7 ± 108.8) amounts (in ng/mg dry tissue) were statistically significant (p < 0.05). 26662466 7 46 theme dry 1311:1313 arg1 tissue 1315:1320 ng/mg dry tissue 1305:1320 ng/mg dry tissue 1305:1320 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 47 theme 4SCS 1125:1128 arg1 4SCS 1125:1128 4SCS 1125:1128 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9) 1125:1168 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 47 theme 4SCS 1125:1128 arg1 6SHS 1516:1519 6SHS 1516:1519 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3) 1516:1559 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 47 theme 4SCS 1125:1128 arg1 NS2SHS 1373:1378 NS2SHS 1373:1378 NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0) 1373:1419 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 47 theme 4SCS 1125:1128 arg1 amounts 1083:1089 significantly increased amounts 1059:1089 significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9) 1059:1168 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 47 theme 4SCS 1125:1128 arg1 SECS 1171:1174 SECS 1171:1174 SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5) 1171:1210 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 47 theme 4SCS 1125:1128 arg1 6SCS 1213:1216 6SCS 1213:1216 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) 1213:1254 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 47 theme 4SCS 1125:1128 arg1 amounts 1284:1290 significantly decreased amounts 1260:1290 significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3) 1260:1559 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 47 theme 4SCS 1125:1128 arg1 NSHS 1422:1425 NSHS 1422:1425 NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2) 1422:1465 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 47 theme 4SCS 1125:1128 arg1 2S6SHS 1468:1473 2S6SHS 1468:1473 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3) 1468:1509 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 47 theme 4SCS 1125:1128 arg1 NS6SHS 1326:1331 NS6SHS 1326:1331 NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0) 1326:1370 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 47 theme 4SCS 1125:1128 arg1 ± 1346:1346 RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5 1334:1350 RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5 1334:1350 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 48 from amounts 1083:1089 arg1 units 1095:1099 units 1095:1099 units of ng/mg dry tissue 1095:1119 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 48 from amounts 1083:1089 arg1 units 1296:1300 units 1296:1300 units of ng/mg dry tissue 1296:1320 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 5 49 dep = 780:780 arg1 HSNRT 750:754 HSNRT 750:754 HSNRT = 415.1 ± 115.3 750:770 The statistical evaluation showed that alteration of the HS (HSNRT = 415.1 ± 115.3; HSRCCT = 277.5 ± 134.3), and CS (CSNRT = 35.3 ± 12.3; CSRCCT = 166.7 ± 108.8) amounts (in ng/mg dry tissue) were statistically significant (p < 0.05). 26662466 5 50 theme HS 746:747 arg1 amounts 851:857 the HS (HSNRT = 415.1 ± 115.3; HSRCCT = 277.5 ± 134.3), and CS (CSNRT = 35.3 ± 12.3; CSRCCT = 166.7 ± 108.8) amounts 742:857 the HS (HSNRT = 415.1 ± 115.3; HSRCCT = 277.5 ± 134.3), and CS (CSNRT = 35.3 ± 12.3; CSRCCT = 166.7 ± 108.8) amounts (in ng/mg dry tissue) 742:879 The statistical evaluation showed that alteration of the HS (HSNRT = 415.1 ± 115.3; HSRCCT = 277.5 ± 134.3), and CS (CSNRT = 35.3 ± 12.3; CSRCCT = 166.7 ± 108.8) amounts (in ng/mg dry tissue) were statistically significant (p < 0.05). 26662466 7 51 theme = 1432:1432 arg1 NRT 1428:1430 NRT 1428:1430 NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8 1428:1444 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 52 theme = 1223:1223 arg1 NRT 1219:1221 NRT 1219:1221 NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7 1219:1233 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 0 53 theme sulfation 27:35 arg1 patterns 37:44 sulfation patterns 27:44 sulfation patterns of glycoaminoglycans 27:65 Changes in composition and sulfation patterns of glycoaminoglycans in renal cell carcinoma. 26662466 8 54 theme potential 1646:1654 arg1 biomarkers 1656:1665 potential biomarkers 1646:1665 potential biomarkers in RCC 1646:1672 If these changes in GAGs are proven to be specific and sensitive, they may serve as potential biomarkers in RCC. 26662466 8 54 theme potential 1646:1654 arg1 they 1628:1631 they 1628:1631 they 1628:1631 If these changes in GAGs are proven to be specific and sensitive, they may serve as potential biomarkers in RCC. 26662466 5 55 theme amounts 851:857 arg1 alteration 728:737 alteration 728:737 alteration of the HS (HSNRT = 415.1 ± 115.3; HSRCCT = 277.5 ± 134.3), and CS (CSNRT = 35.3 ± 12.3; CSRCCT = 166.7 ± 108.8) amounts (in ng/mg dry tissue) 728:879 The statistical evaluation showed that alteration of the HS (HSNRT = 415.1 ± 115.3; HSRCCT = 277.5 ± 134.3), and CS (CSNRT = 35.3 ± 12.3; CSRCCT = 166.7 ± 108.8) amounts (in ng/mg dry tissue) were statistically significant (p < 0.05). 26662466 7 56 theme dry 1110:1112 arg1 tissue 1114:1119 ng/mg dry tissue 1104:1119 ng/mg dry tissue 1104:1119 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 4 57 theme sulfate 516:522 arg1 HP 538:539 HP 538:539 HP 538:539 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 4 57 theme sulfate 516:522 arg1 investigation 437:449 depth investigation 431:449 depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs 431:505 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 4 57 theme sulfate 516:522 arg1 /heparin 528:535 heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin 508:535 heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP) 508:540 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 4 58 theme HS 525:526 arg1 HP 538:539 HP 538:539 HP 538:539 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 4 58 theme HS 525:526 arg1 investigation 437:449 depth investigation 431:449 depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs 431:505 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 4 58 theme HS 525:526 arg1 /heparin 528:535 heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin 508:535 heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP) 508:540 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 5 59 dep = 756:756 arg1 ± 764:764 415.1 ± 115.3 758:770 415.1 ± 115.3 758:770 The statistical evaluation showed that alteration of the HS (HSNRT = 415.1 ± 115.3; HSRCCT = 277.5 ± 134.3), and CS (CSNRT = 35.3 ± 12.3; CSRCCT = 166.7 ± 108.8) amounts (in ng/mg dry tissue) were statistically significant (p < 0.05). 26662466 6 60 from pattern 934:940 arg1 RCCT 953:956 RCCT 953:956 RCCT 953:956 Sulfation pattern in NRT and RCCT was evaluated to reveal disaccharide profiles. 26662466 6 60 from pattern 934:940 arg1 NRT 945:947 NRT 945:947 NRT 945:947 Sulfation pattern in NRT and RCCT was evaluated to reveal disaccharide profiles. 26662466 2 61 dep progression 279:289 arg1 invasion 292:299 invasion 292:299 invasion 292:299 GAGs have some biological significance in cancer progression (invasion and metastasis) and cell signaling. 26662466 2 61 dep progression 279:289 arg1 metastasis 305:314 metastasis 305:314 metastasis 305:314 GAGs have some biological significance in cancer progression (invasion and metastasis) and cell signaling. 26662466 4 62 theme CS 564:565 arg1 sulfate 577:583 chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate 543:583 chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate 543:583 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 2 63 contain have 235:238 arg2 significance 256:267 some biological significance 240:267 some biological significance 240:267 GAGs have some biological significance in cancer progression (invasion and metastasis) and cell signaling. 26662466 2 63 contain have 235:238 arg1 GAGs 230:233 GAGs 230:233 GAGs 230:233 GAGs have some biological significance in cancer progression (invasion and metastasis) and cell signaling. 26662466 7 64 theme = 1386:1386 arg1 RCCT 1381:1384 RCCT 1381:1384 RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8 1381:1398 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 4 65 theme /dermatan 567:575 arg1 sulfate 577:583 chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate 543:583 chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate 543:583 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 7 66 from 6SCS 1213:1216 arg1 units 1095:1099 units 1095:1099 units of ng/mg dry tissue 1095:1119 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 66 from 6SCS 1213:1216 arg1 units 1296:1300 units 1296:1300 units of ng/mg dry tissue 1296:1320 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 5 67 dep HS 746:747 arg1 = 780:780 = 780:780 = 780:780 The statistical evaluation showed that alteration of the HS (HSNRT = 415.1 ± 115.3; HSRCCT = 277.5 ± 134.3), and CS (CSNRT = 35.3 ± 12.3; CSRCCT = 166.7 ± 108.8) amounts (in ng/mg dry tissue) were statistically significant (p < 0.05). 26662466 5 67 dep HS 746:747 arg1 = 834:834 = 834:834 = 834:834 The statistical evaluation showed that alteration of the HS (HSNRT = 415.1 ± 115.3; HSRCCT = 277.5 ± 134.3), and CS (CSNRT = 35.3 ± 12.3; CSRCCT = 166.7 ± 108.8) amounts (in ng/mg dry tissue) were statistically significant (p < 0.05). 26662466 9 68 theme further 1736:1742 arg1 investigations 1744:1757 further investigations 1736:1757 further investigations 1736:1757 Our findings are likely to help us to show the direction for further investigations to be able to bring different diagnostic and prognostic approaches in renal tumors. 26662466 4 69 theme present 413:419 arg1 study 421:425 the present study 409:425 the present study 409:425 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 7 70 theme = 1181:1181 arg1 NRT 1177:1179 NRT 1177:1179 NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3 1177:1191 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 4 71 theme sulfate 555:561 arg1 sulfate 577:583 chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate 543:583 chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate 543:583 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 4 72 from composition 487:497 arg1 /heparin 528:535 heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin 508:535 heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP) 508:540 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 4 72 from composition 487:497 arg1 investigation 437:449 depth investigation 431:449 depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs 431:505 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 7 73 dep = 1526:1526 arg1 ± 1533:1533 60.6 ± 17.5 1528:1538 60.6 ± 17.5 1528:1538 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 9 74 from approaches 1815:1824 arg1 tumors 1835:1840 renal tumors 1829:1840 renal tumors 1829:1840 Our findings are likely to help us to show the direction for further investigations to be able to bring different diagnostic and prognostic approaches in renal tumors. 26662466 8 75 from biomarkers 1656:1665 arg1 RCC 1670:1672 RCC 1670:1672 RCC 1670:1672 If these changes in GAGs are proven to be specific and sensitive, they may serve as potential biomarkers in RCC. 26662466 7 76 dep = 1406:1406 arg1 RCCT 1381:1384 RCCT 1381:1384 RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8 1381:1398 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 4 77 from pattern 475:481 arg1 /heparin 528:535 heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin 508:535 heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP) 508:540 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 4 77 from pattern 475:481 arg1 investigation 437:449 depth investigation 431:449 depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs 431:505 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 2 78 theme cell 321:324 arg1 signaling 326:334 cell signaling 321:334 cell signaling 321:334 GAGs have some biological significance in cancer progression (invasion and metastasis) and cell signaling. 26662466 7 79 dep = 1154:1154 arg1 NRT 1131:1133 NRT 1131:1133 NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4 1131:1146 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 80 dep 2S6SHS 1468:1473 arg1 = 1498:1498 = 1498:1498 = 1498:1498 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 81 dep = 1386:1386 arg1 ± 1393:1393 44.2 ± 13.8 1388:1398 44.2 ± 13.8 1388:1398 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 4 82 theme normal 608:613 arg1 NRT 629:631 NRT 629:631 NRT 629:631 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 4 82 theme normal 608:613 arg1 tissue 621:626 normal renal tissue 608:626 normal renal tissue (NRT) 608:632 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 7 83 dep = 1135:1135 arg1 ± 1142:1142 25.7 ± 9.4 1137:1146 25.7 ± 9.4 1137:1146 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 84 dep = 1546:1546 arg1 NRT 1522:1524 NRT 1522:1524 NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5 1522:1538 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 5 85 from amounts 851:857 arg1 tissue 873:878 ng/mg dry tissue 863:878 ng/mg dry tissue 863:878 The statistical evaluation showed that alteration of the HS (HSNRT = 415.1 ± 115.3; HSRCCT = 277.5 ± 134.3), and CS (CSNRT = 35.3 ± 12.3; CSRCCT = 166.7 ± 108.8) amounts (in ng/mg dry tissue) were statistically significant (p < 0.05). 26662466 5 86 theme = 756:756 arg1 HSNRT 750:754 HSNRT 750:754 HSNRT = 415.1 ± 115.3 750:770 The statistical evaluation showed that alteration of the HS (HSNRT = 415.1 ± 115.3; HSRCCT = 277.5 ± 134.3), and CS (CSNRT = 35.3 ± 12.3; CSRCCT = 166.7 ± 108.8) amounts (in ng/mg dry tissue) were statistically significant (p < 0.05). 26662466 7 87 theme 2S6SHS 1468:1473 arg1 4SCS 1125:1128 4SCS 1125:1128 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9) 1125:1168 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 87 theme 2S6SHS 1468:1473 arg1 6SHS 1516:1519 6SHS 1516:1519 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3) 1516:1559 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 87 theme 2S6SHS 1468:1473 arg1 NS2SHS 1373:1378 NS2SHS 1373:1378 NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0) 1373:1419 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 87 theme 2S6SHS 1468:1473 arg1 amounts 1083:1089 significantly increased amounts 1059:1089 significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9) 1059:1168 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 87 theme 2S6SHS 1468:1473 arg1 SECS 1171:1174 SECS 1171:1174 SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5) 1171:1210 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 87 theme 2S6SHS 1468:1473 arg1 6SCS 1213:1216 6SCS 1213:1216 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) 1213:1254 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 87 theme 2S6SHS 1468:1473 arg1 amounts 1284:1290 significantly decreased amounts 1260:1290 significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3) 1260:1559 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 87 theme 2S6SHS 1468:1473 arg1 NSHS 1422:1425 NSHS 1422:1425 NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2) 1422:1465 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 87 theme 2S6SHS 1468:1473 arg1 2S6SHS 1468:1473 2S6SHS 1468:1473 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3) 1468:1509 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 87 theme 2S6SHS 1468:1473 arg1 NS6SHS 1326:1331 NS6SHS 1326:1331 NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0) 1326:1370 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 87 theme 2S6SHS 1468:1473 arg1 ± 1346:1346 RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5 1334:1350 RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5 1334:1350 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 88 dep SECS 1171:1174 arg1 = 1199:1199 = 1199:1199 = 1199:1199 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 89 theme RCCT 1038:1041 arg1 samples 1043:1049 RCCT samples 1038:1049 RCCT samples 1038:1049 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 5 90 theme dry 869:871 arg1 tissue 873:878 ng/mg dry tissue 863:878 ng/mg dry tissue 863:878 The statistical evaluation showed that alteration of the HS (HSNRT = 415.1 ± 115.3; HSRCCT = 277.5 ± 134.3), and CS (CSNRT = 35.3 ± 12.3; CSRCCT = 166.7 ± 108.8) amounts (in ng/mg dry tissue) were statistically significant (p < 0.05). 26662466 2 91 theme cancer 272:277 arg1 progression 279:289 cancer progression 272:289 cancer progression (invasion and metastasis) 272:315 GAGs have some biological significance in cancer progression (invasion and metastasis) and cell signaling. 26662466 1 92 theme heterogeneous 122:134 arg1 polysaccharides 169:183 heterogeneous, linear, highly charged, anionic polysaccharides 122:183 heterogeneous, linear, highly charged, anionic polysaccharides consisting of repeating disaccharides units 122:227 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are heterogeneous, linear, highly charged, anionic polysaccharides consisting of repeating disaccharides units. 26662466 1 92 theme heterogeneous 122:134 arg1 Glycosaminoglycans 92:109 Glycosaminoglycans 92:109 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 92:116 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are heterogeneous, linear, highly charged, anionic polysaccharides consisting of repeating disaccharides units. 26662466 7 93 theme = 1358:1358 arg1 ± 1365:1365 RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0 1353:1369 RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0 1353:1369 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 4 94 theme depth 431:435 arg1 /heparin 528:535 heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin 508:535 heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP) 508:540 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 4 94 theme depth 431:435 arg1 investigation 437:449 depth investigation 431:449 depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs 431:505 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 4 95 theme cell 644:647 arg1 RCCT 667:670 RCCT 667:670 RCCT 667:670 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 4 95 theme cell 644:647 arg1 tissue 659:664 renal cell carcinoma tissue 638:664 renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) 638:671 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 4 96 from sulfate 577:583 arg1 RCCT 667:670 RCCT 667:670 RCCT 667:670 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 4 96 from sulfate 577:583 arg1 NRT 629:631 NRT 629:631 NRT 629:631 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 4 96 from sulfate 577:583 arg1 tissue 659:664 renal cell carcinoma tissue 638:664 renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) 638:671 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 4 96 from sulfate 577:583 arg1 tissue 621:626 normal renal tissue 608:626 normal renal tissue (NRT) 608:632 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 8 97 from changes 1571:1577 arg1 GAGs 1582:1585 GAGs 1582:1585 GAGs 1582:1585 If these changes in GAGs are proven to be specific and sensitive, they may serve as potential biomarkers in RCC. 26662466 9 98 theme prognostic 1804:1813 arg1 approaches 1815:1824 different diagnostic and prognostic approaches 1779:1824 different diagnostic and prognostic approaches in renal tumors 1779:1840 Our findings are likely to help us to show the direction for further investigations to be able to bring different diagnostic and prognostic approaches in renal tumors. 26662466 3 99 theme different 340:348 arg1 types 357:361 different cancer types 340:361 different cancer types 340:361 In different cancer types, GAGs undergo specific structural changes. 26662466 4 100 theme GAGs 502:505 arg1 composition 487:497 composition 487:497 composition 487:497 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 4 100 theme GAGs 502:505 arg1 pattern 475:481 sulfation pattern 465:481 sulfation pattern 465:481 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 7 101 theme 6SHS 1516:1519 arg1 4SCS 1125:1128 4SCS 1125:1128 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9) 1125:1168 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 101 theme 6SHS 1516:1519 arg1 6SHS 1516:1519 6SHS 1516:1519 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3) 1516:1559 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 101 theme 6SHS 1516:1519 arg1 NS2SHS 1373:1378 NS2SHS 1373:1378 NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0) 1373:1419 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 101 theme 6SHS 1516:1519 arg1 amounts 1083:1089 significantly increased amounts 1059:1089 significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9) 1059:1168 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 101 theme 6SHS 1516:1519 arg1 SECS 1171:1174 SECS 1171:1174 SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5) 1171:1210 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 101 theme 6SHS 1516:1519 arg1 6SCS 1213:1216 6SCS 1213:1216 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) 1213:1254 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 101 theme 6SHS 1516:1519 arg1 amounts 1284:1290 significantly decreased amounts 1260:1290 significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3) 1260:1559 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 101 theme 6SHS 1516:1519 arg1 NSHS 1422:1425 NSHS 1422:1425 NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2) 1422:1465 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 101 theme 6SHS 1516:1519 arg1 2S6SHS 1468:1473 2S6SHS 1468:1473 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3) 1468:1509 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 101 theme 6SHS 1516:1519 arg1 NS6SHS 1326:1331 NS6SHS 1326:1331 NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0) 1326:1370 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 101 theme 6SHS 1516:1519 arg1 ± 1346:1346 RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5 1334:1350 RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5 1334:1350 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 102 contain contain 1051:1057 arg2 6SCS 1213:1216 6SCS 1213:1216 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) 1213:1254 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 102 contain contain 1051:1057 arg2 NSHS 1422:1425 NSHS 1422:1425 NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2) 1422:1465 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 102 contain contain 1051:1057 arg2 6SHS 1516:1519 6SHS 1516:1519 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3) 1516:1559 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 102 contain contain 1051:1057 arg2 4SCS 1125:1128 4SCS 1125:1128 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9) 1125:1168 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 102 contain contain 1051:1057 arg2 NS6SHS 1326:1331 NS6SHS 1326:1331 NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0) 1326:1370 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 102 contain contain 1051:1057 arg2 2S6SHS 1468:1473 2S6SHS 1468:1473 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3) 1468:1509 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 102 contain contain 1051:1057 arg2 SECS 1171:1174 SECS 1171:1174 SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5) 1171:1210 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 102 contain contain 1051:1057 arg2 NS2SHS 1373:1378 NS2SHS 1373:1378 NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0) 1373:1419 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 102 contain contain 1051:1057 arg1 samples 1043:1049 RCCT samples 1038:1049 RCCT samples 1038:1049 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 102 contain contain 1051:1057 arg2 ± 1346:1346 RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5 1334:1350 RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5 1334:1350 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 102 contain contain 1051:1057 arg2 amounts 1083:1089 significantly increased amounts 1059:1089 significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9) 1059:1168 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 102 contain contain 1051:1057 arg2 amounts 1284:1290 significantly decreased amounts 1260:1290 significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3) 1260:1559 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 103 dep = 1432:1432 arg1 ± 1439:1439 68.4 ± 15.8 1434:1444 68.4 ± 15.8 1434:1444 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 4 104 theme heparan 508:514 arg1 HP 538:539 HP 538:539 HP 538:539 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 4 104 theme heparan 508:514 arg1 investigation 437:449 depth investigation 431:449 depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs 431:505 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 4 104 theme heparan 508:514 arg1 /heparin 528:535 heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin 508:535 heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP) 508:540 In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. 26662466 7 105 theme Statistical 1005:1015 arg1 analyses 1017:1024 Statistical analyses 1005:1024 Statistical analyses 1005:1024 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 106 theme = 1339:1339 arg1 ± 1346:1346 RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5 1334:1350 RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5 1334:1350 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 106 theme = 1339:1339 arg1 NS6SHS 1326:1331 NS6SHS 1326:1331 NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0) 1326:1370 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 107 from amounts 1284:1290 arg1 units 1095:1099 units 1095:1099 units of ng/mg dry tissue 1095:1119 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 107 from amounts 1284:1290 arg1 units 1296:1300 units 1296:1300 units of ng/mg dry tissue 1296:1320 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 0 108 from patterns 37:44 arg1 composition 11:21 composition 11:21 composition 11:21 Changes in composition and sulfation patterns of glycoaminoglycans in renal cell carcinoma. 26662466 0 108 from patterns 37:44 arg1 carcinoma 81:89 renal cell carcinoma 70:89 renal cell carcinoma 70:89 Changes in composition and sulfation patterns of glycoaminoglycans in renal cell carcinoma. 26662466 7 109 dep = 1452:1452 arg1 NRT 1428:1430 NRT 1428:1430 NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8 1428:1444 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 110 dep = 1199:1199 arg1 NRT 1177:1179 NRT 1177:1179 NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3 1177:1191 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 5 111 theme = 812:812 arg1 CSNRT 806:810 CSNRT 806:810 CSNRT = 35.3 ± 12.3 806:824 The statistical evaluation showed that alteration of the HS (HSNRT = 415.1 ± 115.3; HSRCCT = 277.5 ± 134.3), and CS (CSNRT = 35.3 ± 12.3; CSRCCT = 166.7 ± 108.8) amounts (in ng/mg dry tissue) were statistically significant (p < 0.05). 26662466 7 112 theme tissue 1315:1320 arg1 units 1296:1300 units 1296:1300 units of ng/mg dry tissue 1296:1320 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 113 theme tissue 1114:1119 arg1 units 1095:1099 units 1095:1099 units of ng/mg dry tissue 1095:1119 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 3 114 theme specific 377:384 arg1 changes 397:403 specific structural changes 377:403 specific structural changes 377:403 In different cancer types, GAGs undergo specific structural changes. 26662466 5 115 theme statistical 693:703 arg1 evaluation 705:714 The statistical evaluation 689:714 The statistical evaluation 689:714 The statistical evaluation showed that alteration of the HS (HSNRT = 415.1 ± 115.3; HSRCCT = 277.5 ± 134.3), and CS (CSNRT = 35.3 ± 12.3; CSRCCT = 166.7 ± 108.8) amounts (in ng/mg dry tissue) were statistically significant (p < 0.05). 26662466 7 116 theme NSHS 1422:1425 arg1 4SCS 1125:1128 4SCS 1125:1128 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9) 1125:1168 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 116 theme NSHS 1422:1425 arg1 6SHS 1516:1519 6SHS 1516:1519 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3) 1516:1559 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 116 theme NSHS 1422:1425 arg1 NS2SHS 1373:1378 NS2SHS 1373:1378 NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0) 1373:1419 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 116 theme NSHS 1422:1425 arg1 amounts 1083:1089 significantly increased amounts 1059:1089 significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9) 1059:1168 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 116 theme NSHS 1422:1425 arg1 SECS 1171:1174 SECS 1171:1174 SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5) 1171:1210 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 116 theme NSHS 1422:1425 arg1 6SCS 1213:1216 6SCS 1213:1216 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) 1213:1254 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 116 theme NSHS 1422:1425 arg1 amounts 1284:1290 significantly decreased amounts 1260:1290 significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3) 1260:1559 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 116 theme NSHS 1422:1425 arg1 NSHS 1422:1425 NSHS 1422:1425 NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2) 1422:1465 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 116 theme NSHS 1422:1425 arg1 2S6SHS 1468:1473 2S6SHS 1468:1473 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3) 1468:1509 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 116 theme NSHS 1422:1425 arg1 NS6SHS 1326:1331 NS6SHS 1326:1331 NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0) 1326:1370 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 116 theme NSHS 1422:1425 arg1 ± 1346:1346 RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5 1334:1350 RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5 1334:1350 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 1 117 theme disaccharides 209:221 arg1 units 223:227 repeating disaccharides units 199:227 repeating disaccharides units 199:227 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are heterogeneous, linear, highly charged, anionic polysaccharides consisting of repeating disaccharides units. 26662466 7 118 theme ng/mg 1305:1309 arg1 tissue 1315:1320 ng/mg dry tissue 1305:1320 ng/mg dry tissue 1305:1320 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 119 theme ng/mg 1104:1108 arg1 tissue 1114:1119 ng/mg dry tissue 1104:1119 ng/mg dry tissue 1104:1119 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 120 dep = 1223:1223 arg1 ± 1229:1229 6.1 ± 2.7 1225:1233 6.1 ± 2.7 1225:1233 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 0 121 theme glycoaminoglycans 49:65 arg1 patterns 37:44 sulfation patterns 27:44 sulfation patterns of glycoaminoglycans 27:65 Changes in composition and sulfation patterns of glycoaminoglycans in renal cell carcinoma. 26662466 0 121 theme glycoaminoglycans 49:65 arg1 Changes 0:6 Changes 0:6 Changes in composition 0:21 Changes in composition and sulfation patterns of glycoaminoglycans in renal cell carcinoma. 26662466 6 122 theme Sulfation 924:932 arg1 pattern 934:940 Sulfation pattern 924:940 Sulfation pattern in NRT and RCCT 924:956 Sulfation pattern in NRT and RCCT was evaluated to reveal disaccharide profiles. 26662466 7 123 dep NS2SHS 1373:1378 arg1 = 1406:1406 = 1406:1406 = 1406:1406 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 5 124 dep significant 900:910 arg1 < 915:915 p < 0.05 913:920 p < 0.05 913:920 The statistical evaluation showed that alteration of the HS (HSNRT = 415.1 ± 115.3; HSRCCT = 277.5 ± 134.3), and CS (CSNRT = 35.3 ± 12.3; CSRCCT = 166.7 ± 108.8) amounts (in ng/mg dry tissue) were statistically significant (p < 0.05). 26662466 7 125 theme increased 1073:1081 arg1 4SCS 1125:1128 4SCS 1125:1128 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9) 1125:1168 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 125 theme increased 1073:1081 arg1 amounts 1083:1089 significantly increased amounts 1059:1089 significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9) 1059:1168 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 125 theme increased 1073:1081 arg1 NS2SHS 1373:1378 NS2SHS 1373:1378 NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0) 1373:1419 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 125 theme increased 1073:1081 arg1 6SHS 1516:1519 6SHS 1516:1519 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3) 1516:1559 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 125 theme increased 1073:1081 arg1 ± 1346:1346 RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5 1334:1350 RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5 1334:1350 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 125 theme increased 1073:1081 arg1 NSHS 1422:1425 NSHS 1422:1425 NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2) 1422:1465 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 125 theme increased 1073:1081 arg1 2S6SHS 1468:1473 2S6SHS 1468:1473 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3) 1468:1509 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26662466 7 125 theme increased 1073:1081 arg1 NS6SHS 1326:1331 NS6SHS 1326:1331 NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0) 1326:1370 Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). 26817622 1 0 theme horseradish 406:416 arg1 peroxidase 418:427 horseradish peroxidase 406:427 horseradish peroxidase (HRP) 406:433 In this study, an enzymatically cross-linked injectable and biodegradable hydrogel system comprising carboxymethyl pullulan-tyramine (CMP-TA) and chondroitin sulfate-tyramine (CS-TA) conjugates was successfully developed under physiological conditions in the presence of both horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for cartilage tissue engineering (CTTE). 26817622 1 0 theme horseradish 406:416 arg1 HRP 430:432 HRP 430:432 HRP 430:432 In this study, an enzymatically cross-linked injectable and biodegradable hydrogel system comprising carboxymethyl pullulan-tyramine (CMP-TA) and chondroitin sulfate-tyramine (CS-TA) conjugates was successfully developed under physiological conditions in the presence of both horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for cartilage tissue engineering (CTTE). 26817622 4 1 theme good 1015:1018 arg1 cyto-compatibility 1020:1037 a good cyto-compatibility 1013:1037 a good cyto-compatibility 1013:1037 Additionally, the cellular behaviour of porcine auricular chondrocytes encapsulated into CMP-TA/CS-TA hydrogels demonstrates that the hydrogel system has a good cyto-compatibility. 26817622 7 2 theme cartilage 1569:1577 arg1 tissue 1579:1584 regenerating cartilage tissue 1556:1584 regenerating cartilage tissue 1556:1584 Overall, the novel injectable pullulan/chondroitin sulfate composite hydrogels presented here are expected to be useful biomaterial scaffold for regenerating cartilage tissue. 26817622 0 3 theme Tissue 110:115 arg1 Engineering 117:127 Cartilage Tissue Engineering 100:127 Cartilage Tissue Engineering 100:127 An Injectable Enzymatically Crosslinked Carboxymethylated Pullulan/Chondroitin Sulfate Hydrogel for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. 26817622 1 4 theme peroxidase 418:427 arg1 presence 389:396 the presence 385:396 the presence of both horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) 385:462 In this study, an enzymatically cross-linked injectable and biodegradable hydrogel system comprising carboxymethyl pullulan-tyramine (CMP-TA) and chondroitin sulfate-tyramine (CS-TA) conjugates was successfully developed under physiological conditions in the presence of both horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for cartilage tissue engineering (CTTE). 26817622 0 5 link Crosslinked 28:38 arg1 Hydrogel 87:94 An Injectable Enzymatically Crosslinked Carboxymethylated Pullulan/Chondroitin Sulfate Hydrogel 0:94 An Injectable Enzymatically Crosslinked Carboxymethylated Pullulan/Chondroitin Sulfate Hydrogel for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. 0:128 An Injectable Enzymatically Crosslinked Carboxymethylated Pullulan/Chondroitin Sulfate Hydrogel for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. 26817622 1 6 theme hydrogel 204:211 arg1 system 213:218 an enzymatically cross-linked injectable and biodegradable hydrogel system 145:218 an enzymatically cross-linked injectable and biodegradable hydrogel system comprising carboxymethyl pullulan-tyramine (CMP-TA) and chondroitin sulfate-tyramine (CS-TA) conjugates 145:322 In this study, an enzymatically cross-linked injectable and biodegradable hydrogel system comprising carboxymethyl pullulan-tyramine (CMP-TA) and chondroitin sulfate-tyramine (CS-TA) conjugates was successfully developed under physiological conditions in the presence of both horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for cartilage tissue engineering (CTTE). 26817622 5 7 contain have 1126:1129 arg1 hydrogels 1116:1124 these CMP-TA/CS-TA composite hydrogels 1087:1124 these CMP-TA/CS-TA composite hydrogels 1087:1124 Specifically, compared to the CMP-TA hydrogel, these CMP-TA/CS-TA composite hydrogels have enhanced cell proliferation and increased cartilaginous ECM deposition, which significantly facilitate chondrogenesis. 26817622 5 7 contain have 1126:1129 arg2 proliferation 1145:1157 enhanced cell proliferation 1131:1157 enhanced cell proliferation 1131:1157 Specifically, compared to the CMP-TA hydrogel, these CMP-TA/CS-TA composite hydrogels have enhanced cell proliferation and increased cartilaginous ECM deposition, which significantly facilitate chondrogenesis. 26817622 5 7 contain have 1126:1129 arg2 deposition 1191:1200 increased cartilaginous ECM deposition 1163:1200 increased cartilaginous ECM deposition 1163:1200 Specifically, compared to the CMP-TA hydrogel, these CMP-TA/CS-TA composite hydrogels have enhanced cell proliferation and increased cartilaginous ECM deposition, which significantly facilitate chondrogenesis. 26817622 2 8 theme invasive 582:589 arg1 translatable 602:613 feasible, minimally invasive and easily translatable 562:613 feasible, minimally invasive and easily translatable for regenerative medicine applications 562:652 The HRP crosslinking method makes this injectable system feasible, minimally invasive and easily translatable for regenerative medicine applications. 26817622 6 9 theme implantation 1391:1402 arg1 model 1404:1408 a mouse subcutaneous implantation model 1370:1408 a mouse subcutaneous implantation model 1370:1408 Furthermore, histological analysis indicates that the hydrogel system exhibits acceptable tissue compatibility by using a mouse subcutaneous implantation model. 26817622 4 10 theme hydrogel 993:1000 arg1 system 1002:1007 the hydrogel system 989:1007 the hydrogel system 989:1007 Additionally, the cellular behaviour of porcine auricular chondrocytes encapsulated into CMP-TA/CS-TA hydrogels demonstrates that the hydrogel system has a good cyto-compatibility. 26817622 1 11 dep cross-linked 162:173 arg1 biodegradable 190:202 biodegradable 190:202 biodegradable 190:202 In this study, an enzymatically cross-linked injectable and biodegradable hydrogel system comprising carboxymethyl pullulan-tyramine (CMP-TA) and chondroitin sulfate-tyramine (CS-TA) conjugates was successfully developed under physiological conditions in the presence of both horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for cartilage tissue engineering (CTTE). 26817622 1 11 dep cross-linked 162:173 arg1 injectable 175:184 injectable 175:184 injectable 175:184 In this study, an enzymatically cross-linked injectable and biodegradable hydrogel system comprising carboxymethyl pullulan-tyramine (CMP-TA) and chondroitin sulfate-tyramine (CS-TA) conjugates was successfully developed under physiological conditions in the presence of both horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for cartilage tissue engineering (CTTE). 26817622 4 12 theme CMP-TA/CS-TA 948:959 arg1 hydrogels 961:969 CMP-TA/CS-TA hydrogels 948:969 CMP-TA/CS-TA hydrogels 948:969 Additionally, the cellular behaviour of porcine auricular chondrocytes encapsulated into CMP-TA/CS-TA hydrogels demonstrates that the hydrogel system has a good cyto-compatibility. 26817622 5 13 theme CMP-TA/CS-TA 1093:1104 arg1 hydrogels 1116:1124 these CMP-TA/CS-TA composite hydrogels 1087:1124 these CMP-TA/CS-TA composite hydrogels 1087:1124 Specifically, compared to the CMP-TA hydrogel, these CMP-TA/CS-TA composite hydrogels have enhanced cell proliferation and increased cartilaginous ECM deposition, which significantly facilitate chondrogenesis. 26817622 7 14 theme useful 1524:1529 arg1 hydrogels 1480:1488 the novel injectable pullulan/chondroitin sulfate composite hydrogels 1420:1488 the novel injectable pullulan/chondroitin sulfate composite hydrogels presented here 1420:1503 Overall, the novel injectable pullulan/chondroitin sulfate composite hydrogels presented here are expected to be useful biomaterial scaffold for regenerating cartilage tissue. 26817622 7 14 theme useful 1524:1529 arg1 scaffold 1543:1550 useful biomaterial scaffold 1524:1550 useful biomaterial scaffold for regenerating cartilage tissue 1524:1584 Overall, the novel injectable pullulan/chondroitin sulfate composite hydrogels presented here are expected to be useful biomaterial scaffold for regenerating cartilage tissue. 26817622 2 15 theme feasible 562:569 arg1 translatable 602:613 feasible, minimally invasive and easily translatable 562:613 feasible, minimally invasive and easily translatable for regenerative medicine applications 562:652 The HRP crosslinking method makes this injectable system feasible, minimally invasive and easily translatable for regenerative medicine applications. 26817622 3 16 theme polymer 795:801 arg1 concentration 778:790 concentration 778:790 concentration 778:790 The physicochemical properties of the mechanically stable hydrogel system can be modulated by varying the weight ratio and concentration of polymer as well as the concentrations of crosslinking reagents. 26817622 3 16 theme polymer 795:801 arg1 ratio 768:772 weight ratio 761:772 weight ratio 761:772 The physicochemical properties of the mechanically stable hydrogel system can be modulated by varying the weight ratio and concentration of polymer as well as the concentrations of crosslinking reagents. 26817622 3 16 theme polymer 795:801 arg1 concentrations 818:831 the concentrations 814:831 the weight ratio and concentration of polymer as well as the concentrations of crosslinking reagents 757:856 The physicochemical properties of the mechanically stable hydrogel system can be modulated by varying the weight ratio and concentration of polymer as well as the concentrations of crosslinking reagents. 26817622 5 17 theme composite 1106:1114 arg1 hydrogels 1116:1124 these CMP-TA/CS-TA composite hydrogels 1087:1124 these CMP-TA/CS-TA composite hydrogels 1087:1124 Specifically, compared to the CMP-TA hydrogel, these CMP-TA/CS-TA composite hydrogels have enhanced cell proliferation and increased cartilaginous ECM deposition, which significantly facilitate chondrogenesis. 26817622 4 18 contain has 1009:1011 arg2 cyto-compatibility 1020:1037 a good cyto-compatibility 1013:1037 a good cyto-compatibility 1013:1037 Additionally, the cellular behaviour of porcine auricular chondrocytes encapsulated into CMP-TA/CS-TA hydrogels demonstrates that the hydrogel system has a good cyto-compatibility. 26817622 4 18 contain has 1009:1011 arg1 system 1002:1007 the hydrogel system 989:1007 the hydrogel system 989:1007 Additionally, the cellular behaviour of porcine auricular chondrocytes encapsulated into CMP-TA/CS-TA hydrogels demonstrates that the hydrogel system has a good cyto-compatibility. 26817622 0 19 theme Injectable 3:12 arg1 Hydrogel 87:94 An Injectable Enzymatically Crosslinked Carboxymethylated Pullulan/Chondroitin Sulfate Hydrogel 0:94 An Injectable Enzymatically Crosslinked Carboxymethylated Pullulan/Chondroitin Sulfate Hydrogel for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. 0:128 An Injectable Enzymatically Crosslinked Carboxymethylated Pullulan/Chondroitin Sulfate Hydrogel for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. 26817622 1 20 theme hydrogen 439:446 arg1 H2O2 458:461 H2O2 458:461 H2O2 458:461 In this study, an enzymatically cross-linked injectable and biodegradable hydrogel system comprising carboxymethyl pullulan-tyramine (CMP-TA) and chondroitin sulfate-tyramine (CS-TA) conjugates was successfully developed under physiological conditions in the presence of both horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for cartilage tissue engineering (CTTE). 26817622 1 20 theme hydrogen 439:446 arg1 peroxide 448:455 hydrogen peroxide 439:455 hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) 439:462 In this study, an enzymatically cross-linked injectable and biodegradable hydrogel system comprising carboxymethyl pullulan-tyramine (CMP-TA) and chondroitin sulfate-tyramine (CS-TA) conjugates was successfully developed under physiological conditions in the presence of both horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for cartilage tissue engineering (CTTE). 26817622 7 21 theme sulfate 1462:1468 arg1 hydrogels 1480:1488 the novel injectable pullulan/chondroitin sulfate composite hydrogels 1420:1488 the novel injectable pullulan/chondroitin sulfate composite hydrogels presented here 1420:1503 Overall, the novel injectable pullulan/chondroitin sulfate composite hydrogels presented here are expected to be useful biomaterial scaffold for regenerating cartilage tissue. 26817622 7 21 theme sulfate 1462:1468 arg1 scaffold 1543:1550 useful biomaterial scaffold 1524:1550 useful biomaterial scaffold for regenerating cartilage tissue 1524:1584 Overall, the novel injectable pullulan/chondroitin sulfate composite hydrogels presented here are expected to be useful biomaterial scaffold for regenerating cartilage tissue. 26817622 6 22 theme tissue 1340:1345 arg1 compatibility 1347:1359 acceptable tissue compatibility 1329:1359 acceptable tissue compatibility 1329:1359 Furthermore, histological analysis indicates that the hydrogel system exhibits acceptable tissue compatibility by using a mouse subcutaneous implantation model. 26817622 1 23 theme carboxymethyl 231:243 arg1 CMP-TA 264:269 CMP-TA 264:269 CMP-TA 264:269 In this study, an enzymatically cross-linked injectable and biodegradable hydrogel system comprising carboxymethyl pullulan-tyramine (CMP-TA) and chondroitin sulfate-tyramine (CS-TA) conjugates was successfully developed under physiological conditions in the presence of both horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for cartilage tissue engineering (CTTE). 26817622 1 23 theme carboxymethyl 231:243 arg1 pullulan-tyramine 245:261 carboxymethyl pullulan-tyramine 231:261 carboxymethyl pullulan-tyramine (CMP-TA) 231:270 In this study, an enzymatically cross-linked injectable and biodegradable hydrogel system comprising carboxymethyl pullulan-tyramine (CMP-TA) and chondroitin sulfate-tyramine (CS-TA) conjugates was successfully developed under physiological conditions in the presence of both horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for cartilage tissue engineering (CTTE). 26817622 6 24 theme subcutaneous 1378:1389 arg1 model 1404:1408 a mouse subcutaneous implantation model 1370:1408 a mouse subcutaneous implantation model 1370:1408 Furthermore, histological analysis indicates that the hydrogel system exhibits acceptable tissue compatibility by using a mouse subcutaneous implantation model. 26817622 3 25 dep ratio 768:772 arg1 the 757:759 the 757:759 the 757:759 The physicochemical properties of the mechanically stable hydrogel system can be modulated by varying the weight ratio and concentration of polymer as well as the concentrations of crosslinking reagents. 26817622 5 26 theme ECM 1187:1189 arg1 deposition 1191:1200 increased cartilaginous ECM deposition 1163:1200 increased cartilaginous ECM deposition 1163:1200 Specifically, compared to the CMP-TA hydrogel, these CMP-TA/CS-TA composite hydrogels have enhanced cell proliferation and increased cartilaginous ECM deposition, which significantly facilitate chondrogenesis. 26817622 7 27 theme biomaterial 1531:1541 arg1 hydrogels 1480:1488 the novel injectable pullulan/chondroitin sulfate composite hydrogels 1420:1488 the novel injectable pullulan/chondroitin sulfate composite hydrogels presented here 1420:1503 Overall, the novel injectable pullulan/chondroitin sulfate composite hydrogels presented here are expected to be useful biomaterial scaffold for regenerating cartilage tissue. 26817622 7 27 theme biomaterial 1531:1541 arg1 scaffold 1543:1550 useful biomaterial scaffold 1524:1550 useful biomaterial scaffold for regenerating cartilage tissue 1524:1584 Overall, the novel injectable pullulan/chondroitin sulfate composite hydrogels presented here are expected to be useful biomaterial scaffold for regenerating cartilage tissue. 26817622 0 28 theme Crosslinked 28:38 arg1 Hydrogel 87:94 An Injectable Enzymatically Crosslinked Carboxymethylated Pullulan/Chondroitin Sulfate Hydrogel 0:94 An Injectable Enzymatically Crosslinked Carboxymethylated Pullulan/Chondroitin Sulfate Hydrogel for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. 0:128 An Injectable Enzymatically Crosslinked Carboxymethylated Pullulan/Chondroitin Sulfate Hydrogel for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. 26817622 3 29 theme crosslinking 836:847 arg1 reagents 849:856 crosslinking reagents 836:856 crosslinking reagents 836:856 The physicochemical properties of the mechanically stable hydrogel system can be modulated by varying the weight ratio and concentration of polymer as well as the concentrations of crosslinking reagents. 26817622 3 30 theme physicochemical 659:673 arg1 properties 675:684 The physicochemical properties 655:684 The physicochemical properties of the mechanically stable hydrogel system 655:727 The physicochemical properties of the mechanically stable hydrogel system can be modulated by varying the weight ratio and concentration of polymer as well as the concentrations of crosslinking reagents. 26817622 5 31 theme CMP-TA 1070:1075 arg1 hydrogel 1077:1084 the CMP-TA hydrogel 1066:1084 the CMP-TA hydrogel 1066:1084 Specifically, compared to the CMP-TA hydrogel, these CMP-TA/CS-TA composite hydrogels have enhanced cell proliferation and increased cartilaginous ECM deposition, which significantly facilitate chondrogenesis. 26817622 7 32 theme regenerating 1556:1567 arg1 tissue 1579:1584 regenerating cartilage tissue 1556:1584 regenerating cartilage tissue 1556:1584 Overall, the novel injectable pullulan/chondroitin sulfate composite hydrogels presented here are expected to be useful biomaterial scaffold for regenerating cartilage tissue. 26817622 6 33 theme acceptable 1329:1338 arg1 compatibility 1347:1359 acceptable tissue compatibility 1329:1359 acceptable tissue compatibility 1329:1359 Furthermore, histological analysis indicates that the hydrogel system exhibits acceptable tissue compatibility by using a mouse subcutaneous implantation model. 26817622 1 34 theme physiological 357:369 arg1 conditions 371:380 physiological conditions 357:380 physiological conditions 357:380 In this study, an enzymatically cross-linked injectable and biodegradable hydrogel system comprising carboxymethyl pullulan-tyramine (CMP-TA) and chondroitin sulfate-tyramine (CS-TA) conjugates was successfully developed under physiological conditions in the presence of both horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for cartilage tissue engineering (CTTE). 26817622 1 35 theme peroxide 448:455 arg1 presence 389:396 the presence 385:396 the presence of both horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) 385:462 In this study, an enzymatically cross-linked injectable and biodegradable hydrogel system comprising carboxymethyl pullulan-tyramine (CMP-TA) and chondroitin sulfate-tyramine (CS-TA) conjugates was successfully developed under physiological conditions in the presence of both horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for cartilage tissue engineering (CTTE). 26817622 7 36 theme injectable 1430:1439 arg1 hydrogels 1480:1488 the novel injectable pullulan/chondroitin sulfate composite hydrogels 1420:1488 the novel injectable pullulan/chondroitin sulfate composite hydrogels presented here 1420:1503 Overall, the novel injectable pullulan/chondroitin sulfate composite hydrogels presented here are expected to be useful biomaterial scaffold for regenerating cartilage tissue. 26817622 7 36 theme injectable 1430:1439 arg1 scaffold 1543:1550 useful biomaterial scaffold 1524:1550 useful biomaterial scaffold for regenerating cartilage tissue 1524:1584 Overall, the novel injectable pullulan/chondroitin sulfate composite hydrogels presented here are expected to be useful biomaterial scaffold for regenerating cartilage tissue. 26817622 0 37 theme Pullulan/Chondroitin 58:77 arg1 Hydrogel 87:94 An Injectable Enzymatically Crosslinked Carboxymethylated Pullulan/Chondroitin Sulfate Hydrogel 0:94 An Injectable Enzymatically Crosslinked Carboxymethylated Pullulan/Chondroitin Sulfate Hydrogel for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. 0:128 An Injectable Enzymatically Crosslinked Carboxymethylated Pullulan/Chondroitin Sulfate Hydrogel for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. 26817622 4 38 theme auricular 907:915 arg1 chondrocytes 917:928 porcine auricular chondrocytes 899:928 porcine auricular chondrocytes encapsulated into CMP-TA/CS-TA hydrogels 899:969 Additionally, the cellular behaviour of porcine auricular chondrocytes encapsulated into CMP-TA/CS-TA hydrogels demonstrates that the hydrogel system has a good cyto-compatibility. 26817622 0 39 theme Carboxymethylated 40:56 arg1 Hydrogel 87:94 An Injectable Enzymatically Crosslinked Carboxymethylated Pullulan/Chondroitin Sulfate Hydrogel 0:94 An Injectable Enzymatically Crosslinked Carboxymethylated Pullulan/Chondroitin Sulfate Hydrogel for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. 0:128 An Injectable Enzymatically Crosslinked Carboxymethylated Pullulan/Chondroitin Sulfate Hydrogel for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. 26817622 2 40 theme crosslinking 513:524 arg1 method 526:531 The HRP crosslinking method 505:531 The HRP crosslinking method 505:531 The HRP crosslinking method makes this injectable system feasible, minimally invasive and easily translatable for regenerative medicine applications. 26817622 3 41 theme system 722:727 arg1 properties 675:684 The physicochemical properties 655:684 The physicochemical properties of the mechanically stable hydrogel system 655:727 The physicochemical properties of the mechanically stable hydrogel system can be modulated by varying the weight ratio and concentration of polymer as well as the concentrations of crosslinking reagents. 26817622 1 42 dep pullulan-tyramine 245:261 arg1 conjugates 313:322 conjugates 313:322 conjugates 313:322 In this study, an enzymatically cross-linked injectable and biodegradable hydrogel system comprising carboxymethyl pullulan-tyramine (CMP-TA) and chondroitin sulfate-tyramine (CS-TA) conjugates was successfully developed under physiological conditions in the presence of both horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for cartilage tissue engineering (CTTE). 26817622 2 43 theme HRP 509:511 arg1 method 526:531 The HRP crosslinking method 505:531 The HRP crosslinking method 505:531 The HRP crosslinking method makes this injectable system feasible, minimally invasive and easily translatable for regenerative medicine applications. 26817622 4 44 theme chondrocytes 917:928 arg1 behaviour 886:894 the cellular behaviour 873:894 the cellular behaviour of porcine auricular chondrocytes encapsulated into CMP-TA/CS-TA hydrogels 873:969 Additionally, the cellular behaviour of porcine auricular chondrocytes encapsulated into CMP-TA/CS-TA hydrogels demonstrates that the hydrogel system has a good cyto-compatibility. 26817622 5 45 theme increased 1163:1171 arg1 deposition 1191:1200 increased cartilaginous ECM deposition 1163:1200 increased cartilaginous ECM deposition 1163:1200 Specifically, compared to the CMP-TA hydrogel, these CMP-TA/CS-TA composite hydrogels have enhanced cell proliferation and increased cartilaginous ECM deposition, which significantly facilitate chondrogenesis. 26817622 6 46 theme hydrogel 1304:1311 arg1 system 1313:1318 the hydrogel system 1300:1318 the hydrogel system 1300:1318 Furthermore, histological analysis indicates that the hydrogel system exhibits acceptable tissue compatibility by using a mouse subcutaneous implantation model. 26817622 0 47 theme Sulfate 79:85 arg1 Hydrogel 87:94 An Injectable Enzymatically Crosslinked Carboxymethylated Pullulan/Chondroitin Sulfate Hydrogel 0:94 An Injectable Enzymatically Crosslinked Carboxymethylated Pullulan/Chondroitin Sulfate Hydrogel for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. 0:128 An Injectable Enzymatically Crosslinked Carboxymethylated Pullulan/Chondroitin Sulfate Hydrogel for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. 26817622 3 48 theme reagents 849:856 arg1 concentration 778:790 concentration 778:790 concentration 778:790 The physicochemical properties of the mechanically stable hydrogel system can be modulated by varying the weight ratio and concentration of polymer as well as the concentrations of crosslinking reagents. 26817622 3 48 theme reagents 849:856 arg1 ratio 768:772 weight ratio 761:772 weight ratio 761:772 The physicochemical properties of the mechanically stable hydrogel system can be modulated by varying the weight ratio and concentration of polymer as well as the concentrations of crosslinking reagents. 26817622 3 48 theme reagents 849:856 arg1 concentrations 818:831 the concentrations 814:831 the weight ratio and concentration of polymer as well as the concentrations of crosslinking reagents 757:856 The physicochemical properties of the mechanically stable hydrogel system can be modulated by varying the weight ratio and concentration of polymer as well as the concentrations of crosslinking reagents. 26817622 1 49 link cross-linked 162:173 arg1 system 213:218 an enzymatically cross-linked injectable and biodegradable hydrogel system 145:218 an enzymatically cross-linked injectable and biodegradable hydrogel system comprising carboxymethyl pullulan-tyramine (CMP-TA) and chondroitin sulfate-tyramine (CS-TA) conjugates 145:322 In this study, an enzymatically cross-linked injectable and biodegradable hydrogel system comprising carboxymethyl pullulan-tyramine (CMP-TA) and chondroitin sulfate-tyramine (CS-TA) conjugates was successfully developed under physiological conditions in the presence of both horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for cartilage tissue engineering (CTTE). 26817622 5 50 theme cartilaginous 1173:1185 arg1 deposition 1191:1200 increased cartilaginous ECM deposition 1163:1200 increased cartilaginous ECM deposition 1163:1200 Specifically, compared to the CMP-TA hydrogel, these CMP-TA/CS-TA composite hydrogels have enhanced cell proliferation and increased cartilaginous ECM deposition, which significantly facilitate chondrogenesis. 26817622 3 51 theme weight 761:766 arg1 ratio 768:772 weight ratio 761:772 weight ratio 761:772 The physicochemical properties of the mechanically stable hydrogel system can be modulated by varying the weight ratio and concentration of polymer as well as the concentrations of crosslinking reagents. 26817622 6 52 theme mouse 1372:1376 arg1 model 1404:1408 a mouse subcutaneous implantation model 1370:1408 a mouse subcutaneous implantation model 1370:1408 Furthermore, histological analysis indicates that the hydrogel system exhibits acceptable tissue compatibility by using a mouse subcutaneous implantation model. 26817622 2 53 theme medicine 632:639 arg1 applications 641:652 regenerative medicine applications 619:652 regenerative medicine applications 619:652 The HRP crosslinking method makes this injectable system feasible, minimally invasive and easily translatable for regenerative medicine applications. 26817622 1 54 theme cartilage 468:476 arg1 CTTE 498:501 CTTE 498:501 CTTE 498:501 In this study, an enzymatically cross-linked injectable and biodegradable hydrogel system comprising carboxymethyl pullulan-tyramine (CMP-TA) and chondroitin sulfate-tyramine (CS-TA) conjugates was successfully developed under physiological conditions in the presence of both horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for cartilage tissue engineering (CTTE). 26817622 1 54 theme cartilage 468:476 arg1 engineering 485:495 cartilage tissue engineering 468:495 cartilage tissue engineering (CTTE) 468:502 In this study, an enzymatically cross-linked injectable and biodegradable hydrogel system comprising carboxymethyl pullulan-tyramine (CMP-TA) and chondroitin sulfate-tyramine (CS-TA) conjugates was successfully developed under physiological conditions in the presence of both horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for cartilage tissue engineering (CTTE). 26817622 3 55 theme stable 706:711 arg1 system 722:727 the mechanically stable hydrogel system 689:727 the mechanically stable hydrogel system 689:727 The physicochemical properties of the mechanically stable hydrogel system can be modulated by varying the weight ratio and concentration of polymer as well as the concentrations of crosslinking reagents. 26817622 4 56 theme porcine 899:905 arg1 chondrocytes 917:928 porcine auricular chondrocytes 899:928 porcine auricular chondrocytes encapsulated into CMP-TA/CS-TA hydrogels 899:969 Additionally, the cellular behaviour of porcine auricular chondrocytes encapsulated into CMP-TA/CS-TA hydrogels demonstrates that the hydrogel system has a good cyto-compatibility. 26817622 7 57 theme composite 1470:1478 arg1 hydrogels 1480:1488 the novel injectable pullulan/chondroitin sulfate composite hydrogels 1420:1488 the novel injectable pullulan/chondroitin sulfate composite hydrogels presented here 1420:1503 Overall, the novel injectable pullulan/chondroitin sulfate composite hydrogels presented here are expected to be useful biomaterial scaffold for regenerating cartilage tissue. 26817622 7 57 theme composite 1470:1478 arg1 scaffold 1543:1550 useful biomaterial scaffold 1524:1550 useful biomaterial scaffold for regenerating cartilage tissue 1524:1584 Overall, the novel injectable pullulan/chondroitin sulfate composite hydrogels presented here are expected to be useful biomaterial scaffold for regenerating cartilage tissue. 26817622 1 58 theme chondroitin 276:286 arg1 CS-TA 306:310 CS-TA 306:310 CS-TA 306:310 In this study, an enzymatically cross-linked injectable and biodegradable hydrogel system comprising carboxymethyl pullulan-tyramine (CMP-TA) and chondroitin sulfate-tyramine (CS-TA) conjugates was successfully developed under physiological conditions in the presence of both horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for cartilage tissue engineering (CTTE). 26817622 1 58 theme chondroitin 276:286 arg1 sulfate-tyramine 288:303 chondroitin sulfate-tyramine 276:303 chondroitin sulfate-tyramine (CS-TA) 276:311 In this study, an enzymatically cross-linked injectable and biodegradable hydrogel system comprising carboxymethyl pullulan-tyramine (CMP-TA) and chondroitin sulfate-tyramine (CS-TA) conjugates was successfully developed under physiological conditions in the presence of both horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for cartilage tissue engineering (CTTE). 26817622 2 59 theme regenerative 619:630 arg1 applications 641:652 regenerative medicine applications 619:652 regenerative medicine applications 619:652 The HRP crosslinking method makes this injectable system feasible, minimally invasive and easily translatable for regenerative medicine applications. 26817622 1 60 theme tissue 478:483 arg1 CTTE 498:501 CTTE 498:501 CTTE 498:501 In this study, an enzymatically cross-linked injectable and biodegradable hydrogel system comprising carboxymethyl pullulan-tyramine (CMP-TA) and chondroitin sulfate-tyramine (CS-TA) conjugates was successfully developed under physiological conditions in the presence of both horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for cartilage tissue engineering (CTTE). 26817622 1 60 theme tissue 478:483 arg1 engineering 485:495 cartilage tissue engineering 468:495 cartilage tissue engineering (CTTE) 468:502 In this study, an enzymatically cross-linked injectable and biodegradable hydrogel system comprising carboxymethyl pullulan-tyramine (CMP-TA) and chondroitin sulfate-tyramine (CS-TA) conjugates was successfully developed under physiological conditions in the presence of both horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for cartilage tissue engineering (CTTE). 26817622 3 61 theme hydrogel 713:720 arg1 system 722:727 the mechanically stable hydrogel system 689:727 the mechanically stable hydrogel system 689:727 The physicochemical properties of the mechanically stable hydrogel system can be modulated by varying the weight ratio and concentration of polymer as well as the concentrations of crosslinking reagents. 26817622 1 62 theme cross-linked 162:173 arg1 system 213:218 an enzymatically cross-linked injectable and biodegradable hydrogel system 145:218 an enzymatically cross-linked injectable and biodegradable hydrogel system comprising carboxymethyl pullulan-tyramine (CMP-TA) and chondroitin sulfate-tyramine (CS-TA) conjugates 145:322 In this study, an enzymatically cross-linked injectable and biodegradable hydrogel system comprising carboxymethyl pullulan-tyramine (CMP-TA) and chondroitin sulfate-tyramine (CS-TA) conjugates was successfully developed under physiological conditions in the presence of both horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for cartilage tissue engineering (CTTE). 26817622 4 63 theme cellular 877:884 arg1 behaviour 886:894 the cellular behaviour 873:894 the cellular behaviour of porcine auricular chondrocytes encapsulated into CMP-TA/CS-TA hydrogels 873:969 Additionally, the cellular behaviour of porcine auricular chondrocytes encapsulated into CMP-TA/CS-TA hydrogels demonstrates that the hydrogel system has a good cyto-compatibility. 26817622 0 64 theme Cartilage 100:108 arg1 Engineering 117:127 Cartilage Tissue Engineering 100:127 Cartilage Tissue Engineering 100:127 An Injectable Enzymatically Crosslinked Carboxymethylated Pullulan/Chondroitin Sulfate Hydrogel for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. 26817622 5 65 theme enhanced 1131:1138 arg1 proliferation 1145:1157 enhanced cell proliferation 1131:1157 enhanced cell proliferation 1131:1157 Specifically, compared to the CMP-TA hydrogel, these CMP-TA/CS-TA composite hydrogels have enhanced cell proliferation and increased cartilaginous ECM deposition, which significantly facilitate chondrogenesis. 26817622 7 66 theme pullulan/chondroitin 1441:1460 arg1 hydrogels 1480:1488 the novel injectable pullulan/chondroitin sulfate composite hydrogels 1420:1488 the novel injectable pullulan/chondroitin sulfate composite hydrogels presented here 1420:1503 Overall, the novel injectable pullulan/chondroitin sulfate composite hydrogels presented here are expected to be useful biomaterial scaffold for regenerating cartilage tissue. 26817622 7 66 theme pullulan/chondroitin 1441:1460 arg1 scaffold 1543:1550 useful biomaterial scaffold 1524:1550 useful biomaterial scaffold for regenerating cartilage tissue 1524:1584 Overall, the novel injectable pullulan/chondroitin sulfate composite hydrogels presented here are expected to be useful biomaterial scaffold for regenerating cartilage tissue. 26817622 2 67 theme injectable 544:553 arg1 system 555:560 this injectable system 539:560 this injectable system 539:560 The HRP crosslinking method makes this injectable system feasible, minimally invasive and easily translatable for regenerative medicine applications. 26817622 5 68 theme cell 1140:1143 arg1 proliferation 1145:1157 enhanced cell proliferation 1131:1157 enhanced cell proliferation 1131:1157 Specifically, compared to the CMP-TA hydrogel, these CMP-TA/CS-TA composite hydrogels have enhanced cell proliferation and increased cartilaginous ECM deposition, which significantly facilitate chondrogenesis. 26817622 6 69 theme histological 1263:1274 arg1 analysis 1276:1283 histological analysis 1263:1283 histological analysis 1263:1283 Furthermore, histological analysis indicates that the hydrogel system exhibits acceptable tissue compatibility by using a mouse subcutaneous implantation model. 26817622 7 70 theme novel 1424:1428 arg1 hydrogels 1480:1488 the novel injectable pullulan/chondroitin sulfate composite hydrogels 1420:1488 the novel injectable pullulan/chondroitin sulfate composite hydrogels presented here 1420:1503 Overall, the novel injectable pullulan/chondroitin sulfate composite hydrogels presented here are expected to be useful biomaterial scaffold for regenerating cartilage tissue. 26817622 7 70 theme novel 1424:1428 arg1 scaffold 1543:1550 useful biomaterial scaffold 1524:1550 useful biomaterial scaffold for regenerating cartilage tissue 1524:1584 Overall, the novel injectable pullulan/chondroitin sulfate composite hydrogels presented here are expected to be useful biomaterial scaffold for regenerating cartilage tissue. 27174909 7 0 theme prepared 1086:1093 arg1 hydrogel 1105:1112 The prepared composite hydrogel 1082:1112 The prepared composite hydrogel 1082:1112 The prepared composite hydrogel exhibited higher drug release ratio in simulated intestinal liquid (63.09% after 380min) than in gastric liquid (22.09% after 400min). 27174909 3 1 theme pH 577:578 arg1 value 580:584 pH value 577:584 pH value 577:584 The results showed that the prepared composite hydrogel was sensitive to surrounding changes in pH value, temperature and ionic strength. 27174909 4 2 theme temperatures 649:660 arg1 surroundings 629:640 the surroundings 625:640 the surroundings of low temperatures and high pH values 625:679 Under the surroundings of low temperatures and high pH values, the prepared hydrogel had significant high swelling ratios (23338±988% at 15°C and 6937±112% at pH 8.0, respectively). 27174909 7 3 theme composite 1095:1103 arg1 hydrogel 1105:1112 The prepared composite hydrogel 1082:1112 The prepared composite hydrogel 1082:1112 The prepared composite hydrogel exhibited higher drug release ratio in simulated intestinal liquid (63.09% after 380min) than in gastric liquid (22.09% after 400min). 27174909 1 4 theme chemical 177:184 arg1 modification 186:197 chemical modification 177:197 chemical modification 177:197 Carboxymethyl cellulose was derived from bamboo shoot cellulose via chemical modification and was prepared into composite hydrogels by cross-linkage with β-cyclodextrin using epichlorohydrin as crossing agent. 27174909 8 5 theme human 1456:1460 arg1 body 1462:1465 human body 1456:1465 human body 1456:1465 These pH responses of the prepared composite hydrogel showed its potential applications, especially as the drug carrier to attain control release of drugs under different surrounding conditions or organs in human body. 27174909 4 6 theme low 645:647 arg1 temperatures 649:660 low temperatures 645:660 low temperatures 645:660 Under the surroundings of low temperatures and high pH values, the prepared hydrogel had significant high swelling ratios (23338±988% at 15°C and 6937±112% at pH 8.0, respectively). 27174909 6 7 from pH 1029:1030 arg1 behaviors 956:964 the behaviors 952:964 the behaviors of hydrogel adsorption and release in simulated intestinal (at pH 7.4) and gastric liquid (at pH 1.8) surroundings 952:1079 Sodium salicylate was used as the model drug to study the behaviors of hydrogel adsorption and release in simulated intestinal (at pH 7.4) and gastric liquid (at pH 1.8) surroundings. 27174909 6 7 from pH 1029:1030 arg1 intestinal 1014:1023 intestinal 1014:1023 intestinal 1014:1023 Sodium salicylate was used as the model drug to study the behaviors of hydrogel adsorption and release in simulated intestinal (at pH 7.4) and gastric liquid (at pH 1.8) surroundings. 27174909 8 8 theme composite 1284:1292 arg1 hydrogel 1294:1301 the prepared composite hydrogel 1271:1301 the prepared composite hydrogel 1271:1301 These pH responses of the prepared composite hydrogel showed its potential applications, especially as the drug carrier to attain control release of drugs under different surrounding conditions or organs in human body. 27174909 4 9 theme swelling 725:732 arg1 ratios 734:739 significant high swelling ratios 708:739 significant high swelling ratios (23338±988% at 15°C and 6937±112% at pH 8.0, respectively) 708:798 Under the surroundings of low temperatures and high pH values, the prepared hydrogel had significant high swelling ratios (23338±988% at 15°C and 6937±112% at pH 8.0, respectively). 27174909 1 10 theme crossing 303:310 arg1 agent 312:316 crossing agent 303:316 crossing agent 303:316 Carboxymethyl cellulose was derived from bamboo shoot cellulose via chemical modification and was prepared into composite hydrogels by cross-linkage with β-cyclodextrin using epichlorohydrin as crossing agent. 27174909 6 11 used used 920:923 arg2 salicylate 905:914 Sodium salicylate 898:914 Sodium salicylate 898:914 Sodium salicylate was used as the model drug to study the behaviors of hydrogel adsorption and release in simulated intestinal (at pH 7.4) and gastric liquid (at pH 1.8) surroundings. 27174909 6 11 used used 920:923 arg2 drug 938:941 the model drug 928:941 the model drug 928:941 Sodium salicylate was used as the model drug to study the behaviors of hydrogel adsorption and release in simulated intestinal (at pH 7.4) and gastric liquid (at pH 1.8) surroundings. 27174909 6 12 dep intestinal 1014:1023 arg1 surroundings 1068:1079 surroundings 1068:1079 surroundings 1068:1079 Sodium salicylate was used as the model drug to study the behaviors of hydrogel adsorption and release in simulated intestinal (at pH 7.4) and gastric liquid (at pH 1.8) surroundings. 27174909 8 13 theme prepared 1275:1282 arg1 hydrogel 1294:1301 the prepared composite hydrogel 1271:1301 the prepared composite hydrogel 1271:1301 These pH responses of the prepared composite hydrogel showed its potential applications, especially as the drug carrier to attain control release of drugs under different surrounding conditions or organs in human body. 27174909 3 14 theme surrounding 554:564 arg1 changes 566:572 surrounding changes 554:572 surrounding changes in pH value, temperature and ionic strength 554:616 The results showed that the prepared composite hydrogel was sensitive to surrounding changes in pH value, temperature and ionic strength. 27174909 6 15 theme Sodium 898:903 arg1 salicylate 905:914 Sodium salicylate 898:914 Sodium salicylate 898:914 Sodium salicylate was used as the model drug to study the behaviors of hydrogel adsorption and release in simulated intestinal (at pH 7.4) and gastric liquid (at pH 1.8) surroundings. 27174909 6 15 theme Sodium 898:903 arg1 drug 938:941 the model drug 928:941 the model drug 928:941 Sodium salicylate was used as the model drug to study the behaviors of hydrogel adsorption and release in simulated intestinal (at pH 7.4) and gastric liquid (at pH 1.8) surroundings. 27174909 5 16 theme maximum 859:865 arg1 rate 883:886 the maximum water retention rate 855:886 the maximum water retention rate (48.73%) 855:895 In the solution of 0.1mol/L NaCl, the hydrogel showed the maximum water retention rate (48.73%). 27174909 5 16 theme maximum 859:865 arg1 % 894:894 48.73% 889:894 48.73% 889:894 In the solution of 0.1mol/L NaCl, the hydrogel showed the maximum water retention rate (48.73%). 27174909 4 17 theme prepared 686:693 arg1 hydrogel 695:702 the prepared hydrogel 682:702 the prepared hydrogel 682:702 Under the surroundings of low temperatures and high pH values, the prepared hydrogel had significant high swelling ratios (23338±988% at 15°C and 6937±112% at pH 8.0, respectively). 27174909 2 18 theme electron 460:467 arg1 microscopy 469:478 scanning electron microscopy 451:478 scanning electron microscopy 451:478 The structure of the prepared hydrogel was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. 27174909 6 19 theme adsorption 978:987 arg1 behaviors 956:964 the behaviors 952:964 the behaviors of hydrogel adsorption and release in simulated intestinal (at pH 7.4) and gastric liquid (at pH 1.8) surroundings 952:1079 Sodium salicylate was used as the model drug to study the behaviors of hydrogel adsorption and release in simulated intestinal (at pH 7.4) and gastric liquid (at pH 1.8) surroundings. 27174909 7 20 theme higher 1124:1129 arg1 ratio 1144:1148 higher drug release ratio 1124:1148 higher drug release ratio 1124:1148 The prepared composite hydrogel exhibited higher drug release ratio in simulated intestinal liquid (63.09% after 380min) than in gastric liquid (22.09% after 400min). 27174909 3 21 theme ionic 603:607 arg1 strength 609:616 ionic strength 603:616 ionic strength 603:616 The results showed that the prepared composite hydrogel was sensitive to surrounding changes in pH value, temperature and ionic strength. 27174909 8 22 theme different 1410:1418 arg1 conditions 1432:1441 different surrounding conditions 1410:1441 different surrounding conditions 1410:1441 These pH responses of the prepared composite hydrogel showed its potential applications, especially as the drug carrier to attain control release of drugs under different surrounding conditions or organs in human body. 27174909 2 23 theme scanning 451:458 arg1 microscopy 469:478 scanning electron microscopy 451:478 scanning electron microscopy 451:478 The structure of the prepared hydrogel was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. 27174909 4 24 theme high 720:723 arg1 ratios 734:739 significant high swelling ratios 708:739 significant high swelling ratios (23338±988% at 15°C and 6937±112% at pH 8.0, respectively) 708:798 Under the surroundings of low temperatures and high pH values, the prepared hydrogel had significant high swelling ratios (23338±988% at 15°C and 6937±112% at pH 8.0, respectively). 27174909 8 25 theme potential 1314:1322 arg1 applications 1324:1335 its potential applications 1310:1335 its potential applications 1310:1335 These pH responses of the prepared composite hydrogel showed its potential applications, especially as the drug carrier to attain control release of drugs under different surrounding conditions or organs in human body. 27174909 8 25 theme potential 1314:1322 arg1 carrier 1361:1367 the drug carrier 1352:1367 the drug carrier to attain control release of drugs under different surrounding conditions or organs in human body 1352:1465 These pH responses of the prepared composite hydrogel showed its potential applications, especially as the drug carrier to attain control release of drugs under different surrounding conditions or organs in human body. 27174909 6 26 theme hydrogel 969:976 arg1 adsorption 978:987 hydrogel adsorption 969:987 hydrogel adsorption 969:987 Sodium salicylate was used as the model drug to study the behaviors of hydrogel adsorption and release in simulated intestinal (at pH 7.4) and gastric liquid (at pH 1.8) surroundings. 27174909 3 27 from changes 566:572 arg1 strength 609:616 ionic strength 603:616 ionic strength 603:616 The results showed that the prepared composite hydrogel was sensitive to surrounding changes in pH value, temperature and ionic strength. 27174909 3 27 from changes 566:572 arg1 value 580:584 pH value 577:584 pH value 577:584 The results showed that the prepared composite hydrogel was sensitive to surrounding changes in pH value, temperature and ionic strength. 27174909 3 27 from changes 566:572 arg1 temperature 587:597 temperature 587:597 temperature 587:597 The results showed that the prepared composite hydrogel was sensitive to surrounding changes in pH value, temperature and ionic strength. 27174909 2 28 theme hydrogel 349:356 arg1 structure 323:331 The structure 319:331 The structure of the prepared hydrogel 319:356 The structure of the prepared hydrogel was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. 27174909 5 29 theme water 867:871 arg1 rate 883:886 the maximum water retention rate 855:886 the maximum water retention rate (48.73%) 855:895 In the solution of 0.1mol/L NaCl, the hydrogel showed the maximum water retention rate (48.73%). 27174909 5 29 theme water 867:871 arg1 % 894:894 48.73% 889:894 48.73% 889:894 In the solution of 0.1mol/L NaCl, the hydrogel showed the maximum water retention rate (48.73%). 27174909 6 30 from behaviors 956:964 arg1 intestinal 1014:1023 intestinal 1014:1023 intestinal 1014:1023 Sodium salicylate was used as the model drug to study the behaviors of hydrogel adsorption and release in simulated intestinal (at pH 7.4) and gastric liquid (at pH 1.8) surroundings. 27174909 6 30 from behaviors 956:964 arg1 pH 1029:1030 pH 7.4 1029:1034 pH 7.4 1029:1034 Sodium salicylate was used as the model drug to study the behaviors of hydrogel adsorption and release in simulated intestinal (at pH 7.4) and gastric liquid (at pH 1.8) surroundings. 27174909 6 30 from behaviors 956:964 arg1 pH 1060:1061 pH 1.8 1060:1065 pH 1.8 1060:1065 Sodium salicylate was used as the model drug to study the behaviors of hydrogel adsorption and release in simulated intestinal (at pH 7.4) and gastric liquid (at pH 1.8) surroundings. 27174909 6 30 from behaviors 956:964 arg1 liquid 1049:1054 liquid 1049:1054 liquid 1049:1054 Sodium salicylate was used as the model drug to study the behaviors of hydrogel adsorption and release in simulated intestinal (at pH 7.4) and gastric liquid (at pH 1.8) surroundings. 27174909 4 31 from pH 778:779 arg1 % 773:773 6937±112% 765:773 6937±112% at pH 8.0 765:783 Under the surroundings of low temperatures and high pH values, the prepared hydrogel had significant high swelling ratios (23338±988% at 15°C and 6937±112% at pH 8.0, respectively). 27174909 4 31 from pH 778:779 arg1 % 751:751 23338±988% 742:751 23338±988% at 15°C 742:759 Under the surroundings of low temperatures and high pH values, the prepared hydrogel had significant high swelling ratios (23338±988% at 15°C and 6937±112% at pH 8.0, respectively). 27174909 2 32 theme prepared 340:347 arg1 hydrogel 349:356 the prepared hydrogel 336:356 the prepared hydrogel 336:356 The structure of the prepared hydrogel was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. 27174909 8 33 theme surrounding 1420:1430 arg1 conditions 1432:1441 different surrounding conditions 1410:1441 different surrounding conditions 1410:1441 These pH responses of the prepared composite hydrogel showed its potential applications, especially as the drug carrier to attain control release of drugs under different surrounding conditions or organs in human body. 27174909 4 34 contain had 704:706 arg2 ratios 734:739 significant high swelling ratios 708:739 significant high swelling ratios (23338±988% at 15°C and 6937±112% at pH 8.0, respectively) 708:798 Under the surroundings of low temperatures and high pH values, the prepared hydrogel had significant high swelling ratios (23338±988% at 15°C and 6937±112% at pH 8.0, respectively). 27174909 4 34 contain had 704:706 arg1 hydrogel 695:702 the prepared hydrogel 682:702 the prepared hydrogel 682:702 Under the surroundings of low temperatures and high pH values, the prepared hydrogel had significant high swelling ratios (23338±988% at 15°C and 6937±112% at pH 8.0, respectively). 27174909 2 35 dep Fourier 379:385 arg1 transform 387:395 transform 387:395 transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy 387:478 The structure of the prepared hydrogel was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. 27174909 7 36 theme drug 1131:1134 arg1 ratio 1144:1148 higher drug release ratio 1124:1148 higher drug release ratio 1124:1148 The prepared composite hydrogel exhibited higher drug release ratio in simulated intestinal liquid (63.09% after 380min) than in gastric liquid (22.09% after 400min). 27174909 1 37 theme composite 221:229 arg1 hydrogels 231:239 composite hydrogels 221:239 composite hydrogels 221:239 Carboxymethyl cellulose was derived from bamboo shoot cellulose via chemical modification and was prepared into composite hydrogels by cross-linkage with β-cyclodextrin using epichlorohydrin as crossing agent. 27174909 0 38 theme hydrogel 43:50 arg1 behavior 21:28 behavior 21:28 behavior 21:28 Characterization and behavior of composite hydrogel prepared from bamboo shoot cellulose and β-cyclodextrin. 27174909 0 38 theme hydrogel 43:50 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization and behavior of composite hydrogel prepared from bamboo shoot cellulose and β-cyclodextrin. 27174909 4 39 theme significant 708:718 arg1 ratios 734:739 significant high swelling ratios 708:739 significant high swelling ratios (23338±988% at 15°C and 6937±112% at pH 8.0, respectively) 708:798 Under the surroundings of low temperatures and high pH values, the prepared hydrogel had significant high swelling ratios (23338±988% at 15°C and 6937±112% at pH 8.0, respectively). 27174909 1 40 theme Carboxymethyl 109:121 arg1 cellulose 123:131 Carboxymethyl cellulose 109:131 Carboxymethyl cellulose 109:131 Carboxymethyl cellulose was derived from bamboo shoot cellulose via chemical modification and was prepared into composite hydrogels by cross-linkage with β-cyclodextrin using epichlorohydrin as crossing agent. 27174909 3 41 theme composite 518:526 arg1 hydrogel 528:535 the prepared composite hydrogel 505:535 the prepared composite hydrogel 505:535 The results showed that the prepared composite hydrogel was sensitive to surrounding changes in pH value, temperature and ionic strength. 27174909 3 41 theme composite 518:526 arg1 sensitive 541:549 sensitive 541:549 sensitive 541:549 The results showed that the prepared composite hydrogel was sensitive to surrounding changes in pH value, temperature and ionic strength. 27174909 0 42 theme composite 33:41 arg1 hydrogel 43:50 composite hydrogel 33:50 composite hydrogel 33:50 Characterization and behavior of composite hydrogel prepared from bamboo shoot cellulose and β-cyclodextrin. 27174909 6 43 theme release 993:999 arg1 behaviors 956:964 the behaviors 952:964 the behaviors of hydrogel adsorption and release in simulated intestinal (at pH 7.4) and gastric liquid (at pH 1.8) surroundings 952:1079 Sodium salicylate was used as the model drug to study the behaviors of hydrogel adsorption and release in simulated intestinal (at pH 7.4) and gastric liquid (at pH 1.8) surroundings. 27174909 7 44 theme release 1136:1142 arg1 ratio 1144:1148 higher drug release ratio 1124:1148 higher drug release ratio 1124:1148 The prepared composite hydrogel exhibited higher drug release ratio in simulated intestinal liquid (63.09% after 380min) than in gastric liquid (22.09% after 400min). 27174909 5 45 theme retention 873:881 arg1 rate 883:886 the maximum water retention rate 855:886 the maximum water retention rate (48.73%) 855:895 In the solution of 0.1mol/L NaCl, the hydrogel showed the maximum water retention rate (48.73%). 27174909 5 45 theme retention 873:881 arg1 % 894:894 48.73% 889:894 48.73% 889:894 In the solution of 0.1mol/L NaCl, the hydrogel showed the maximum water retention rate (48.73%). 27174909 5 46 theme 0.1mol/L 820:827 arg1 NaCl 829:832 0.1mol/L NaCl 820:832 0.1mol/L NaCl 820:832 In the solution of 0.1mol/L NaCl, the hydrogel showed the maximum water retention rate (48.73%). 27174909 8 47 theme drugs 1398:1402 arg1 release 1387:1393 control release 1379:1393 control release of drugs 1379:1402 These pH responses of the prepared composite hydrogel showed its potential applications, especially as the drug carrier to attain control release of drugs under different surrounding conditions or organs in human body. 27174909 8 48 theme drug 1356:1359 arg1 applications 1324:1335 its potential applications 1310:1335 its potential applications 1310:1335 These pH responses of the prepared composite hydrogel showed its potential applications, especially as the drug carrier to attain control release of drugs under different surrounding conditions or organs in human body. 27174909 8 48 theme drug 1356:1359 arg1 carrier 1361:1367 the drug carrier 1352:1367 the drug carrier to attain control release of drugs under different surrounding conditions or organs in human body 1352:1465 These pH responses of the prepared composite hydrogel showed its potential applications, especially as the drug carrier to attain control release of drugs under different surrounding conditions or organs in human body. 27174909 5 49 theme NaCl 829:832 arg1 solution 808:815 the solution 804:815 the solution of 0.1mol/L NaCl 804:832 In the solution of 0.1mol/L NaCl, the hydrogel showed the maximum water retention rate (48.73%). 27174909 4 50 theme high 666:669 arg1 values 674:679 high pH values 666:679 high pH values 666:679 Under the surroundings of low temperatures and high pH values, the prepared hydrogel had significant high swelling ratios (23338±988% at 15°C and 6937±112% at pH 8.0, respectively). 27174909 7 51 dep exhibited 1114:1122 arg1 % 1232:1232 22.09% 1227:1232 22.09% after 400min 1227:1245 The prepared composite hydrogel exhibited higher drug release ratio in simulated intestinal liquid (63.09% after 380min) than in gastric liquid (22.09% after 400min). 27174909 7 51 dep exhibited 1114:1122 arg1 % 1187:1187 63.09% 1182:1187 63.09% after 380min 1182:1200 The prepared composite hydrogel exhibited higher drug release ratio in simulated intestinal liquid (63.09% after 380min) than in gastric liquid (22.09% after 400min). 27174909 6 52 theme model 932:936 arg1 salicylate 905:914 Sodium salicylate 898:914 Sodium salicylate 898:914 Sodium salicylate was used as the model drug to study the behaviors of hydrogel adsorption and release in simulated intestinal (at pH 7.4) and gastric liquid (at pH 1.8) surroundings. 27174909 6 52 theme model 932:936 arg1 drug 938:941 the model drug 928:941 the model drug 928:941 Sodium salicylate was used as the model drug to study the behaviors of hydrogel adsorption and release in simulated intestinal (at pH 7.4) and gastric liquid (at pH 1.8) surroundings. 27174909 1 53 theme shoot 157:161 arg1 cellulose 163:171 bamboo shoot cellulose 150:171 bamboo shoot cellulose 150:171 Carboxymethyl cellulose was derived from bamboo shoot cellulose via chemical modification and was prepared into composite hydrogels by cross-linkage with β-cyclodextrin using epichlorohydrin as crossing agent. 27174909 2 54 dep transform 387:395 arg1 infrared 397:404 infrared 397:404 transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy 387:478 The structure of the prepared hydrogel was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. 27174909 4 55 theme values 674:679 arg1 surroundings 629:640 the surroundings 625:640 the surroundings of low temperatures and high pH values 625:679 Under the surroundings of low temperatures and high pH values, the prepared hydrogel had significant high swelling ratios (23338±988% at 15°C and 6937±112% at pH 8.0, respectively). 27174909 8 56 theme hydrogel 1294:1301 arg1 responses 1258:1266 These pH responses 1249:1266 These pH responses of the prepared composite hydrogel 1249:1301 These pH responses of the prepared composite hydrogel showed its potential applications, especially as the drug carrier to attain control release of drugs under different surrounding conditions or organs in human body. 27174909 4 57 dep ratios 734:739 arg1 % 773:773 6937±112% 765:773 6937±112% at pH 8.0 765:783 Under the surroundings of low temperatures and high pH values, the prepared hydrogel had significant high swelling ratios (23338±988% at 15°C and 6937±112% at pH 8.0, respectively). 27174909 4 57 dep ratios 734:739 arg1 % 751:751 23338±988% 742:751 23338±988% at 15°C 742:759 Under the surroundings of low temperatures and high pH values, the prepared hydrogel had significant high swelling ratios (23338±988% at 15°C and 6937±112% at pH 8.0, respectively). 27174909 1 58 theme bamboo 150:155 arg1 cellulose 163:171 bamboo shoot cellulose 150:171 bamboo shoot cellulose 150:171 Carboxymethyl cellulose was derived from bamboo shoot cellulose via chemical modification and was prepared into composite hydrogels by cross-linkage with β-cyclodextrin using epichlorohydrin as crossing agent. 27174909 4 59 theme pH 671:672 arg1 values 674:679 high pH values 666:679 high pH values 666:679 Under the surroundings of low temperatures and high pH values, the prepared hydrogel had significant high swelling ratios (23338±988% at 15°C and 6937±112% at pH 8.0, respectively). 27174909 0 60 theme shoot 73:77 arg1 cellulose 79:87 bamboo shoot cellulose 66:87 bamboo shoot cellulose 66:87 Characterization and behavior of composite hydrogel prepared from bamboo shoot cellulose and β-cyclodextrin. 27174909 8 61 theme control 1379:1385 arg1 release 1387:1393 control release 1379:1393 control release of drugs 1379:1402 These pH responses of the prepared composite hydrogel showed its potential applications, especially as the drug carrier to attain control release of drugs under different surrounding conditions or organs in human body. 27174909 6 62 from pH 1060:1061 arg1 behaviors 956:964 the behaviors 952:964 the behaviors of hydrogel adsorption and release in simulated intestinal (at pH 7.4) and gastric liquid (at pH 1.8) surroundings 952:1079 Sodium salicylate was used as the model drug to study the behaviors of hydrogel adsorption and release in simulated intestinal (at pH 7.4) and gastric liquid (at pH 1.8) surroundings. 27174909 6 62 from pH 1060:1061 arg1 liquid 1049:1054 liquid 1049:1054 liquid 1049:1054 Sodium salicylate was used as the model drug to study the behaviors of hydrogel adsorption and release in simulated intestinal (at pH 7.4) and gastric liquid (at pH 1.8) surroundings. 27174909 2 63 theme thermogravimetric 420:436 arg1 analysis 438:445 thermogravimetric analysis 420:445 thermogravimetric analysis 420:445 The structure of the prepared hydrogel was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. 27174909 3 64 theme prepared 509:516 arg1 hydrogel 528:535 the prepared composite hydrogel 505:535 the prepared composite hydrogel 505:535 The results showed that the prepared composite hydrogel was sensitive to surrounding changes in pH value, temperature and ionic strength. 27174909 3 64 theme prepared 509:516 arg1 sensitive 541:549 sensitive 541:549 sensitive 541:549 The results showed that the prepared composite hydrogel was sensitive to surrounding changes in pH value, temperature and ionic strength. 27174909 0 65 theme bamboo 66:71 arg1 cellulose 79:87 bamboo shoot cellulose 66:87 bamboo shoot cellulose 66:87 Characterization and behavior of composite hydrogel prepared from bamboo shoot cellulose and β-cyclodextrin. 27174909 1 66 attach derived 137:143 arg2 cellulose 123:131 Carboxymethyl cellulose 109:131 Carboxymethyl cellulose 109:131 Carboxymethyl cellulose was derived from bamboo shoot cellulose via chemical modification and was prepared into composite hydrogels by cross-linkage with β-cyclodextrin using epichlorohydrin as crossing agent. 27174909 1 66 attach derived 137:143 arg1 cellulose 163:171 bamboo shoot cellulose 150:171 bamboo shoot cellulose 150:171 Carboxymethyl cellulose was derived from bamboo shoot cellulose via chemical modification and was prepared into composite hydrogels by cross-linkage with β-cyclodextrin using epichlorohydrin as crossing agent. 27174909 8 67 from organs 1446:1451 arg1 body 1462:1465 human body 1456:1465 human body 1456:1465 These pH responses of the prepared composite hydrogel showed its potential applications, especially as the drug carrier to attain control release of drugs under different surrounding conditions or organs in human body. 27174909 1 68 with cross-linkage 244:256 arg1 β-cyclodextrin 263:276 β-cyclodextrin 263:276 β-cyclodextrin using epichlorohydrin as crossing agent 263:316 Carboxymethyl cellulose was derived from bamboo shoot cellulose via chemical modification and was prepared into composite hydrogels by cross-linkage with β-cyclodextrin using epichlorohydrin as crossing agent. 27174909 8 69 theme pH 1255:1256 arg1 responses 1258:1266 These pH responses 1249:1266 These pH responses of the prepared composite hydrogel 1249:1301 These pH responses of the prepared composite hydrogel showed its potential applications, especially as the drug carrier to attain control release of drugs under different surrounding conditions or organs in human body. 27174909 4 70 from 15°C 756:759 arg1 % 773:773 6937±112% 765:773 6937±112% at pH 8.0 765:783 Under the surroundings of low temperatures and high pH values, the prepared hydrogel had significant high swelling ratios (23338±988% at 15°C and 6937±112% at pH 8.0, respectively). 27174909 4 70 from 15°C 756:759 arg1 % 751:751 23338±988% 742:751 23338±988% at 15°C 742:759 Under the surroundings of low temperatures and high pH values, the prepared hydrogel had significant high swelling ratios (23338±988% at 15°C and 6937±112% at pH 8.0, respectively). 27174909 8 71 from conditions 1432:1441 arg1 body 1462:1465 human body 1456:1465 human body 1456:1465 These pH responses of the prepared composite hydrogel showed its potential applications, especially as the drug carrier to attain control release of drugs under different surrounding conditions or organs in human body. 24434371 6 0 theme caftaric 1044:1051 arg1 acids 1053:1057 caftaric acids 1044:1057 caftaric acids 1044:1057 Results showed that EchNWA contains 80% polysaccharides, predominantly a 10kDa entity; phenolic compounds, cynarin, cichoric and caftaric acids, but no detectable alkylamides. 24434371 6 0 theme caftaric 1044:1051 arg1 polysaccharides 955:969 80% polysaccharides 951:969 80% polysaccharides 951:969 Results showed that EchNWA contains 80% polysaccharides, predominantly a 10kDa entity; phenolic compounds, cynarin, cichoric and caftaric acids, but no detectable alkylamides. 24434371 3 1 theme EchNWA 484:489 arg1 profile 473:479 The chemical profile 460:479 The chemical profile of EchNWA 460:489 The chemical profile of EchNWA was characterized by chromatography (size-exclusion, HPLC, GC-MS), and small molecule fingerprint analysis performed by HPLC-PDA. 24434371 10 2 from intensity 1417:1425 arg1 T-cells 1445:1451 Jurkat T-cells 1438:1451 Jurkat T-cells activated by PMA+1 or ionomycin alone 1438:1489 EchNWA enhanced mean fluorescence intensity of IL-2 in Jurkat T-cells activated by PMA+1 or ionomycin alone. 24434371 1 3 theme acidic 149:154 arg1 extract 170:176 a neutral and weakly acidic water-soluble extract 128:176 a neutral and weakly acidic water-soluble extract from Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (EchNWA) previously shown to modify murine influenza infection, and to assess immunomodulatory effects on human T-cells 128:332 The study objective was to evaluate the composition of a neutral and weakly acidic water-soluble extract from Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (EchNWA) previously shown to modify murine influenza infection, and to assess immunomodulatory effects on human T-cells. 24434371 12 4 theme human 1755:1759 arg1 responses 1777:1785 human T-cell cytokine responses 1755:1785 human T-cell cytokine responses characterized by enhancing and suppressive effects that are regulated by T-cell density 1755:1873 Conclusions are that EchNWA polysaccharides, but not phenolic compounds have dose-related adjuvant effects on human T-cell cytokine responses characterized by enhancing and suppressive effects that are regulated by T-cell density. 24434371 10 5 theme mean 1399:1402 arg1 intensity 1417:1425 mean fluorescence intensity 1399:1425 mean fluorescence intensity of IL-2 in Jurkat T-cells activated by PMA+1 or ionomycin alone 1399:1489 EchNWA enhanced mean fluorescence intensity of IL-2 in Jurkat T-cells activated by PMA+1 or ionomycin alone. 24434371 1 6 theme extract 170:176 arg1 composition 113:123 the composition 109:123 the composition of a neutral and weakly acidic water-soluble extract from Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (EchNWA) previously shown to modify murine influenza infection, and to assess immunomodulatory effects on human T-cells 109:332 The study objective was to evaluate the composition of a neutral and weakly acidic water-soluble extract from Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (EchNWA) previously shown to modify murine influenza infection, and to assess immunomodulatory effects on human T-cells. 24434371 12 7 theme cytokine 1768:1775 arg1 responses 1777:1785 human T-cell cytokine responses 1755:1785 human T-cell cytokine responses characterized by enhancing and suppressive effects that are regulated by T-cell density 1755:1873 Conclusions are that EchNWA polysaccharides, but not phenolic compounds have dose-related adjuvant effects on human T-cell cytokine responses characterized by enhancing and suppressive effects that are regulated by T-cell density. 24434371 8 8 theme strong 1239:1244 arg1 enhancement 1261:1271 a strong dose-dependent enhancement 1237:1271 a strong dose-dependent enhancement of high-density T-cell production of IL-2 1237:1313 EchNWA mediated a strong dose-dependent enhancement of high-density T-cell production of IL-2 and IFNg response to PMA+I. 24434371 5 9 theme luminex 895:901 arg1 technology 903:912 multi-cytokine luminex technology 880:912 multi-cytokine luminex technology 880:912 Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (IFNg) cytokine secretions were measured by multi-cytokine luminex technology. 24434371 5 10 theme Interleukin-2 794:806 arg1 secretions 852:861 Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (IFNg) cytokine secretions 794:861 Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (IFNg) cytokine secretions 794:861 Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (IFNg) cytokine secretions were measured by multi-cytokine luminex technology. 24434371 4 11 theme Jurkat 621:626 arg1 T-cells 628:634 Jurkat T-cells 621:634 Jurkat T-cells at high and low cell density 621:663 Jurkat T-cells at high and low cell density were pretreated or not with doses of EchNWA, followed by activation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus ionomycin (PMA+I). 24434371 3 12 theme small 562:566 arg1 analysis 589:596 small molecule fingerprint analysis 562:596 small molecule fingerprint analysis 562:596 The chemical profile of EchNWA was characterized by chromatography (size-exclusion, HPLC, GC-MS), and small molecule fingerprint analysis performed by HPLC-PDA. 24434371 8 13 theme high-density 1276:1287 arg1 production 1296:1305 high-density T-cell production 1276:1305 high-density T-cell production of IL-2 1276:1313 EchNWA mediated a strong dose-dependent enhancement of high-density T-cell production of IL-2 and IFNg response to PMA+I. 24434371 3 14 dep chromatography 512:525 arg1 HPLC 544:547 HPLC 544:547 HPLC 544:547 The chemical profile of EchNWA was characterized by chromatography (size-exclusion, HPLC, GC-MS), and small molecule fingerprint analysis performed by HPLC-PDA. 24434371 3 14 dep chromatography 512:525 arg1 size-exclusion 528:541 size-exclusion 528:541 size-exclusion 528:541 The chemical profile of EchNWA was characterized by chromatography (size-exclusion, HPLC, GC-MS), and small molecule fingerprint analysis performed by HPLC-PDA. 24434371 3 14 dep chromatography 512:525 arg1 GC-MS 550:554 GC-MS 550:554 GC-MS 550:554 The chemical profile of EchNWA was characterized by chromatography (size-exclusion, HPLC, GC-MS), and small molecule fingerprint analysis performed by HPLC-PDA. 24434371 12 15 theme adjuvant 1735:1742 arg1 effects 1744:1750 dose-related adjuvant effects 1722:1750 dose-related adjuvant effects 1722:1750 Conclusions are that EchNWA polysaccharides, but not phenolic compounds have dose-related adjuvant effects on human T-cell cytokine responses characterized by enhancing and suppressive effects that are regulated by T-cell density. 24434371 8 16 theme production 1296:1305 arg1 response 1324:1331 IFNg response 1319:1331 IFNg response to PMA+I 1319:1340 EchNWA mediated a strong dose-dependent enhancement of high-density T-cell production of IL-2 and IFNg response to PMA+I. 24434371 8 16 theme production 1296:1305 arg1 enhancement 1261:1271 a strong dose-dependent enhancement 1237:1271 a strong dose-dependent enhancement of high-density T-cell production of IL-2 1237:1313 EchNWA mediated a strong dose-dependent enhancement of high-density T-cell production of IL-2 and IFNg response to PMA+I. 24434371 4 17 theme cell 652:655 arg1 density 657:663 high and low cell density 639:663 high and low cell density 639:663 Jurkat T-cells at high and low cell density were pretreated or not with doses of EchNWA, followed by activation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus ionomycin (PMA+I). 24434371 7 18 theme low-density 1197:1207 arg1 conditions 1209:1218 low-density conditions 1197:1218 low-density conditions 1197:1218 Cytokine production required stimulation and was lower after PMA+I activation in high-density compared to low-density conditions. 24434371 3 19 theme fingerprint 577:587 arg1 analysis 589:596 small molecule fingerprint analysis 562:596 small molecule fingerprint analysis 562:596 The chemical profile of EchNWA was characterized by chromatography (size-exclusion, HPLC, GC-MS), and small molecule fingerprint analysis performed by HPLC-PDA. 24434371 12 20 theme phenolic 1698:1705 arg1 compounds 1707:1715 phenolic compounds 1698:1715 phenolic compounds 1698:1715 Conclusions are that EchNWA polysaccharides, but not phenolic compounds have dose-related adjuvant effects on human T-cell cytokine responses characterized by enhancing and suppressive effects that are regulated by T-cell density. 24434371 10 21 theme Jurkat 1438:1443 arg1 T-cells 1445:1451 Jurkat T-cells 1438:1451 Jurkat T-cells activated by PMA+1 or ionomycin alone 1438:1489 EchNWA enhanced mean fluorescence intensity of IL-2 in Jurkat T-cells activated by PMA+1 or ionomycin alone. 24434371 8 22 theme IFNg 1319:1322 arg1 response 1324:1331 IFNg response 1319:1331 IFNg response to PMA+I 1319:1340 EchNWA mediated a strong dose-dependent enhancement of high-density T-cell production of IL-2 and IFNg response to PMA+I. 24434371 11 23 theme modest 1519:1524 arg1 suppression 1542:1552 modest but significant suppression 1519:1552 modest but significant suppression of IFNg response 1519:1569 Conversely EchNWA mediated modest but significant suppression of IFNg response and reduced the percentage of CD25+ T-cells under low-density conditions. 24434371 5 24 theme cytokine 843:850 arg1 secretions 852:861 Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (IFNg) cytokine secretions 794:861 Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (IFNg) cytokine secretions 794:861 Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (IFNg) cytokine secretions were measured by multi-cytokine luminex technology. 24434371 6 25 theme % 953:953 arg1 entity 994:999 a 10kDa entity 986:999 a 10kDa entity 986:999 Results showed that EchNWA contains 80% polysaccharides, predominantly a 10kDa entity; phenolic compounds, cynarin, cichoric and caftaric acids, but no detectable alkylamides. 24434371 6 25 theme % 953:953 arg1 polysaccharides 955:969 80% polysaccharides 951:969 80% polysaccharides 951:969 Results showed that EchNWA contains 80% polysaccharides, predominantly a 10kDa entity; phenolic compounds, cynarin, cichoric and caftaric acids, but no detectable alkylamides. 24434371 6 25 theme % 953:953 arg1 compounds 1011:1019 phenolic compounds 1002:1019 phenolic compounds 1002:1019 Results showed that EchNWA contains 80% polysaccharides, predominantly a 10kDa entity; phenolic compounds, cynarin, cichoric and caftaric acids, but no detectable alkylamides. 24434371 6 25 theme % 953:953 arg1 acids 1053:1057 caftaric acids 1044:1057 caftaric acids 1044:1057 Results showed that EchNWA contains 80% polysaccharides, predominantly a 10kDa entity; phenolic compounds, cynarin, cichoric and caftaric acids, but no detectable alkylamides. 24434371 6 25 theme % 953:953 arg1 cynarin 1022:1028 cynarin 1022:1028 cynarin 1022:1028 Results showed that EchNWA contains 80% polysaccharides, predominantly a 10kDa entity; phenolic compounds, cynarin, cichoric and caftaric acids, but no detectable alkylamides. 24434371 6 25 theme % 953:953 arg1 cichoric 1031:1038 cichoric 1031:1038 cichoric 1031:1038 Results showed that EchNWA contains 80% polysaccharides, predominantly a 10kDa entity; phenolic compounds, cynarin, cichoric and caftaric acids, but no detectable alkylamides. 24434371 10 26 theme IL-2 1430:1433 arg1 intensity 1417:1425 mean fluorescence intensity 1399:1425 mean fluorescence intensity of IL-2 in Jurkat T-cells activated by PMA+1 or ionomycin alone 1399:1489 EchNWA enhanced mean fluorescence intensity of IL-2 in Jurkat T-cells activated by PMA+1 or ionomycin alone. 24434371 1 27 theme human 320:324 arg1 T-cells 326:332 human T-cells 320:332 human T-cells 320:332 The study objective was to evaluate the composition of a neutral and weakly acidic water-soluble extract from Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (EchNWA) previously shown to modify murine influenza infection, and to assess immunomodulatory effects on human T-cells. 24434371 2 28 theme aerial 361:366 arg1 parts 368:372 fresh aerial parts 355:372 fresh aerial parts 355:372 EchNWA extract from fresh aerial parts was extracted with water, ethanolic precipitation, and size-exclusion chromatography. 24434371 7 29 theme PMA+I 1152:1156 arg1 activation 1158:1167 PMA+I activation 1152:1167 PMA+I activation in high-density compared to low-density conditions 1152:1218 Cytokine production required stimulation and was lower after PMA+I activation in high-density compared to low-density conditions. 24434371 6 30 contain contains 942:949 arg2 cynarin 1022:1028 cynarin 1022:1028 cynarin 1022:1028 Results showed that EchNWA contains 80% polysaccharides, predominantly a 10kDa entity; phenolic compounds, cynarin, cichoric and caftaric acids, but no detectable alkylamides. 24434371 6 30 contain contains 942:949 arg2 acids 1053:1057 caftaric acids 1044:1057 caftaric acids 1044:1057 Results showed that EchNWA contains 80% polysaccharides, predominantly a 10kDa entity; phenolic compounds, cynarin, cichoric and caftaric acids, but no detectable alkylamides. 24434371 6 30 contain contains 942:949 arg2 cichoric 1031:1038 cichoric 1031:1038 cichoric 1031:1038 Results showed that EchNWA contains 80% polysaccharides, predominantly a 10kDa entity; phenolic compounds, cynarin, cichoric and caftaric acids, but no detectable alkylamides. 24434371 6 30 contain contains 942:949 arg1 EchNWA 935:940 EchNWA 935:940 EchNWA 935:940 Results showed that EchNWA contains 80% polysaccharides, predominantly a 10kDa entity; phenolic compounds, cynarin, cichoric and caftaric acids, but no detectable alkylamides. 24434371 6 30 contain contains 942:949 arg2 alkylamides 1078:1088 detectable alkylamides 1067:1088 detectable alkylamides 1067:1088 Results showed that EchNWA contains 80% polysaccharides, predominantly a 10kDa entity; phenolic compounds, cynarin, cichoric and caftaric acids, but no detectable alkylamides. 24434371 6 30 contain contains 942:949 arg2 polysaccharides 955:969 80% polysaccharides 951:969 80% polysaccharides 951:969 Results showed that EchNWA contains 80% polysaccharides, predominantly a 10kDa entity; phenolic compounds, cynarin, cichoric and caftaric acids, but no detectable alkylamides. 24434371 6 30 contain contains 942:949 arg2 entity 994:999 a 10kDa entity 986:999 a 10kDa entity 986:999 Results showed that EchNWA contains 80% polysaccharides, predominantly a 10kDa entity; phenolic compounds, cynarin, cichoric and caftaric acids, but no detectable alkylamides. 24434371 6 30 contain contains 942:949 arg2 compounds 1011:1019 phenolic compounds 1002:1019 phenolic compounds 1002:1019 Results showed that EchNWA contains 80% polysaccharides, predominantly a 10kDa entity; phenolic compounds, cynarin, cichoric and caftaric acids, but no detectable alkylamides. 24434371 0 31 theme Echinacea 0:8 arg1 Moench 24:29 Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench 0:29 Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench 0:29 Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench modulates human T-cell cytokine response. 24434371 1 32 theme study 77:81 arg1 objective 83:91 The study objective 73:91 The study objective 73:91 The study objective was to evaluate the composition of a neutral and weakly acidic water-soluble extract from Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (EchNWA) previously shown to modify murine influenza infection, and to assess immunomodulatory effects on human T-cells. 24434371 1 33 theme murine 250:255 arg1 infection 267:275 murine influenza infection 250:275 murine influenza infection 250:275 The study objective was to evaluate the composition of a neutral and weakly acidic water-soluble extract from Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (EchNWA) previously shown to modify murine influenza infection, and to assess immunomodulatory effects on human T-cells. 24434371 4 34 dep pretreated 670:679 arg1 followed 710:717 followed 710:717 followed by activation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus ionomycin (PMA+I) 710:791 Jurkat T-cells at high and low cell density were pretreated or not with doses of EchNWA, followed by activation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus ionomycin (PMA+I). 24434371 6 35 theme phenolic 1002:1009 arg1 compounds 1011:1019 phenolic compounds 1002:1019 phenolic compounds 1002:1019 Results showed that EchNWA contains 80% polysaccharides, predominantly a 10kDa entity; phenolic compounds, cynarin, cichoric and caftaric acids, but no detectable alkylamides. 24434371 6 35 theme phenolic 1002:1009 arg1 polysaccharides 955:969 80% polysaccharides 951:969 80% polysaccharides 951:969 Results showed that EchNWA contains 80% polysaccharides, predominantly a 10kDa entity; phenolic compounds, cynarin, cichoric and caftaric acids, but no detectable alkylamides. 24434371 12 36 contain have 1717:1720 arg1 compounds 1707:1715 phenolic compounds 1698:1715 phenolic compounds 1698:1715 Conclusions are that EchNWA polysaccharides, but not phenolic compounds have dose-related adjuvant effects on human T-cell cytokine responses characterized by enhancing and suppressive effects that are regulated by T-cell density. 24434371 12 36 contain have 1717:1720 arg1 polysaccharides 1673:1687 EchNWA polysaccharides 1666:1687 EchNWA polysaccharides 1666:1687 Conclusions are that EchNWA polysaccharides, but not phenolic compounds have dose-related adjuvant effects on human T-cell cytokine responses characterized by enhancing and suppressive effects that are regulated by T-cell density. 24434371 12 36 contain have 1717:1720 arg2 effects 1744:1750 dose-related adjuvant effects 1722:1750 dose-related adjuvant effects 1722:1750 Conclusions are that EchNWA polysaccharides, but not phenolic compounds have dose-related adjuvant effects on human T-cell cytokine responses characterized by enhancing and suppressive effects that are regulated by T-cell density. 24434371 0 37 theme T-cell 47:52 arg1 response 63:70 human T-cell cytokine response 41:70 human T-cell cytokine response 41:70 Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench modulates human T-cell cytokine response. 24434371 11 38 theme CD25+ 1601:1605 arg1 T-cells 1607:1613 CD25+ T-cells 1601:1613 CD25+ T-cells 1601:1613 Conversely EchNWA mediated modest but significant suppression of IFNg response and reduced the percentage of CD25+ T-cells under low-density conditions. 24434371 3 39 theme chemical 464:471 arg1 profile 473:479 The chemical profile 460:479 The chemical profile of EchNWA 460:489 The chemical profile of EchNWA was characterized by chromatography (size-exclusion, HPLC, GC-MS), and small molecule fingerprint analysis performed by HPLC-PDA. 24434371 7 40 theme Cytokine 1091:1098 arg1 production 1100:1109 Cytokine production 1091:1109 Cytokine production 1091:1109 Cytokine production required stimulation and was lower after PMA+I activation in high-density compared to low-density conditions. 24434371 6 41 theme detectable 1067:1076 arg1 alkylamides 1078:1088 detectable alkylamides 1067:1088 detectable alkylamides 1067:1088 Results showed that EchNWA contains 80% polysaccharides, predominantly a 10kDa entity; phenolic compounds, cynarin, cichoric and caftaric acids, but no detectable alkylamides. 24434371 4 42 theme 12-myristate 746:757 arg1 13-acetate 759:768 phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate 738:768 phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate 738:768 Jurkat T-cells at high and low cell density were pretreated or not with doses of EchNWA, followed by activation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus ionomycin (PMA+I). 24434371 1 43 theme L. 203:204 arg1 Moench 207:212 Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench 183:212 Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (EchNWA) previously shown to modify murine influenza infection, and to assess immunomodulatory effects on human T-cells 183:332 The study objective was to evaluate the composition of a neutral and weakly acidic water-soluble extract from Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (EchNWA) previously shown to modify murine influenza infection, and to assess immunomodulatory effects on human T-cells. 24434371 1 43 theme L. 203:204 arg1 EchNWA 215:220 EchNWA 215:220 EchNWA 215:220 The study objective was to evaluate the composition of a neutral and weakly acidic water-soluble extract from Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (EchNWA) previously shown to modify murine influenza infection, and to assess immunomodulatory effects on human T-cells. 24434371 8 44 theme IL-2 1310:1313 arg1 production 1296:1305 high-density T-cell production 1276:1305 high-density T-cell production of IL-2 1276:1313 EchNWA mediated a strong dose-dependent enhancement of high-density T-cell production of IL-2 and IFNg response to PMA+I. 24434371 2 45 theme EchNWA 335:340 arg1 extract 342:348 EchNWA extract 335:348 EchNWA extract from fresh aerial parts 335:372 EchNWA extract from fresh aerial parts was extracted with water, ethanolic precipitation, and size-exclusion chromatography. 24434371 4 46 from density 657:663 arg1 T-cells 628:634 Jurkat T-cells 621:634 Jurkat T-cells at high and low cell density 621:663 Jurkat T-cells at high and low cell density were pretreated or not with doses of EchNWA, followed by activation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus ionomycin (PMA+I). 24434371 11 47 theme significant 1530:1540 arg1 suppression 1542:1552 modest but significant suppression 1519:1552 modest but significant suppression of IFNg response 1519:1569 Conversely EchNWA mediated modest but significant suppression of IFNg response and reduced the percentage of CD25+ T-cells under low-density conditions. 24434371 1 48 theme water-soluble 156:168 arg1 extract 170:176 a neutral and weakly acidic water-soluble extract 128:176 a neutral and weakly acidic water-soluble extract from Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (EchNWA) previously shown to modify murine influenza infection, and to assess immunomodulatory effects on human T-cells 128:332 The study objective was to evaluate the composition of a neutral and weakly acidic water-soluble extract from Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (EchNWA) previously shown to modify murine influenza infection, and to assess immunomodulatory effects on human T-cells. 24434371 12 49 theme T-cell 1761:1766 arg1 responses 1777:1785 human T-cell cytokine responses 1755:1785 human T-cell cytokine responses characterized by enhancing and suppressive effects that are regulated by T-cell density 1755:1873 Conclusions are that EchNWA polysaccharides, but not phenolic compounds have dose-related adjuvant effects on human T-cell cytokine responses characterized by enhancing and suppressive effects that are regulated by T-cell density. 24434371 10 50 theme fluorescence 1404:1415 arg1 intensity 1417:1425 mean fluorescence intensity 1399:1425 mean fluorescence intensity of IL-2 in Jurkat T-cells activated by PMA+1 or ionomycin alone 1399:1489 EchNWA enhanced mean fluorescence intensity of IL-2 in Jurkat T-cells activated by PMA+1 or ionomycin alone. 24434371 5 51 theme interferon 819:828 arg1 IFNg 837:840 IFNg 837:840 IFNg 837:840 Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (IFNg) cytokine secretions were measured by multi-cytokine luminex technology. 24434371 5 51 theme interferon 819:828 arg1 gamma 830:834 interferon gamma 819:834 interferon gamma (IFNg) 819:841 Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (IFNg) cytokine secretions were measured by multi-cytokine luminex technology. 24434371 4 52 theme high 639:642 arg1 density 657:663 high and low cell density 639:663 high and low cell density 639:663 Jurkat T-cells at high and low cell density were pretreated or not with doses of EchNWA, followed by activation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus ionomycin (PMA+I). 24434371 4 53 with activation 722:731 arg1 13-acetate 759:768 phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate 738:768 phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate 738:768 Jurkat T-cells at high and low cell density were pretreated or not with doses of EchNWA, followed by activation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus ionomycin (PMA+I). 24434371 4 53 with activation 722:731 arg1 PMA+I 786:790 PMA+I 786:790 PMA+I 786:790 Jurkat T-cells at high and low cell density were pretreated or not with doses of EchNWA, followed by activation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus ionomycin (PMA+I). 24434371 4 53 with activation 722:731 arg1 ionomycin 775:783 ionomycin 775:783 ionomycin (PMA+I) 775:791 Jurkat T-cells at high and low cell density were pretreated or not with doses of EchNWA, followed by activation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus ionomycin (PMA+I). 24434371 11 54 theme response 1562:1569 arg1 suppression 1542:1552 modest but significant suppression 1519:1552 modest but significant suppression of IFNg response 1519:1569 Conversely EchNWA mediated modest but significant suppression of IFNg response and reduced the percentage of CD25+ T-cells under low-density conditions. 24434371 5 55 theme gamma 830:834 arg1 secretions 852:861 Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (IFNg) cytokine secretions 794:861 Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (IFNg) cytokine secretions 794:861 Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (IFNg) cytokine secretions were measured by multi-cytokine luminex technology. 24434371 1 56 theme purpurea 193:200 arg1 Moench 207:212 Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench 183:212 Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (EchNWA) previously shown to modify murine influenza infection, and to assess immunomodulatory effects on human T-cells 183:332 The study objective was to evaluate the composition of a neutral and weakly acidic water-soluble extract from Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (EchNWA) previously shown to modify murine influenza infection, and to assess immunomodulatory effects on human T-cells. 24434371 1 56 theme purpurea 193:200 arg1 EchNWA 215:220 EchNWA 215:220 EchNWA 215:220 The study objective was to evaluate the composition of a neutral and weakly acidic water-soluble extract from Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (EchNWA) previously shown to modify murine influenza infection, and to assess immunomodulatory effects on human T-cells. 24434371 11 57 theme IFNg 1557:1560 arg1 response 1562:1569 IFNg response 1557:1569 IFNg response 1557:1569 Conversely EchNWA mediated modest but significant suppression of IFNg response and reduced the percentage of CD25+ T-cells under low-density conditions. 24434371 7 58 from activation 1158:1167 arg1 high-density 1172:1183 high-density 1172:1183 high-density 1172:1183 Cytokine production required stimulation and was lower after PMA+I activation in high-density compared to low-density conditions. 24434371 8 59 theme dose-dependent 1246:1259 arg1 enhancement 1261:1271 a strong dose-dependent enhancement 1237:1271 a strong dose-dependent enhancement of high-density T-cell production of IL-2 1237:1313 EchNWA mediated a strong dose-dependent enhancement of high-density T-cell production of IL-2 and IFNg response to PMA+I. 24434371 1 60 from Moench 207:212 arg1 composition 113:123 the composition 109:123 the composition of a neutral and weakly acidic water-soluble extract from Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (EchNWA) previously shown to modify murine influenza infection, and to assess immunomodulatory effects on human T-cells 109:332 The study objective was to evaluate the composition of a neutral and weakly acidic water-soluble extract from Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (EchNWA) previously shown to modify murine influenza infection, and to assess immunomodulatory effects on human T-cells. 24434371 1 60 from Moench 207:212 arg1 extract 170:176 a neutral and weakly acidic water-soluble extract 128:176 a neutral and weakly acidic water-soluble extract from Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (EchNWA) previously shown to modify murine influenza infection, and to assess immunomodulatory effects on human T-cells 128:332 The study objective was to evaluate the composition of a neutral and weakly acidic water-soluble extract from Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (EchNWA) previously shown to modify murine influenza infection, and to assess immunomodulatory effects on human T-cells. 24434371 12 61 theme dose-related 1722:1733 arg1 effects 1744:1750 dose-related adjuvant effects 1722:1750 dose-related adjuvant effects 1722:1750 Conclusions are that EchNWA polysaccharides, but not phenolic compounds have dose-related adjuvant effects on human T-cell cytokine responses characterized by enhancing and suppressive effects that are regulated by T-cell density. 24434371 6 62 theme 10kDa 988:992 arg1 entity 994:999 a 10kDa entity 986:999 a 10kDa entity 986:999 Results showed that EchNWA contains 80% polysaccharides, predominantly a 10kDa entity; phenolic compounds, cynarin, cichoric and caftaric acids, but no detectable alkylamides. 24434371 6 62 theme 10kDa 988:992 arg1 polysaccharides 955:969 80% polysaccharides 951:969 80% polysaccharides 951:969 Results showed that EchNWA contains 80% polysaccharides, predominantly a 10kDa entity; phenolic compounds, cynarin, cichoric and caftaric acids, but no detectable alkylamides. 24434371 8 63 theme T-cell 1289:1294 arg1 production 1296:1305 high-density T-cell production 1276:1305 high-density T-cell production of IL-2 1276:1313 EchNWA mediated a strong dose-dependent enhancement of high-density T-cell production of IL-2 and IFNg response to PMA+I. 24434371 0 64 theme cytokine 54:61 arg1 response 63:70 human T-cell cytokine response 41:70 human T-cell cytokine response 41:70 Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench modulates human T-cell cytokine response. 24434371 3 65 theme molecule 568:575 arg1 analysis 589:596 small molecule fingerprint analysis 562:596 small molecule fingerprint analysis 562:596 The chemical profile of EchNWA was characterized by chromatography (size-exclusion, HPLC, GC-MS), and small molecule fingerprint analysis performed by HPLC-PDA. 24434371 4 66 theme low 648:650 arg1 density 657:663 high and low cell density 639:663 high and low cell density 639:663 Jurkat T-cells at high and low cell density were pretreated or not with doses of EchNWA, followed by activation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus ionomycin (PMA+I). 24434371 1 67 theme immunomodulatory 292:307 arg1 effects 309:315 immunomodulatory effects 292:315 immunomodulatory effects on human T-cells 292:332 The study objective was to evaluate the composition of a neutral and weakly acidic water-soluble extract from Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (EchNWA) previously shown to modify murine influenza infection, and to assess immunomodulatory effects on human T-cells. 24434371 1 68 theme neutral 130:136 arg1 extract 170:176 a neutral and weakly acidic water-soluble extract 128:176 a neutral and weakly acidic water-soluble extract from Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (EchNWA) previously shown to modify murine influenza infection, and to assess immunomodulatory effects on human T-cells 128:332 The study objective was to evaluate the composition of a neutral and weakly acidic water-soluble extract from Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (EchNWA) previously shown to modify murine influenza infection, and to assess immunomodulatory effects on human T-cells. 24434371 6 69 theme 80 951:952 arg1 % 953:953 % 953:953 % 953:953 Results showed that EchNWA contains 80% polysaccharides, predominantly a 10kDa entity; phenolic compounds, cynarin, cichoric and caftaric acids, but no detectable alkylamides. 24434371 1 70 theme Echinacea 183:191 arg1 Moench 207:212 Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench 183:212 Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (EchNWA) previously shown to modify murine influenza infection, and to assess immunomodulatory effects on human T-cells 183:332 The study objective was to evaluate the composition of a neutral and weakly acidic water-soluble extract from Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (EchNWA) previously shown to modify murine influenza infection, and to assess immunomodulatory effects on human T-cells. 24434371 1 70 theme Echinacea 183:191 arg1 EchNWA 215:220 EchNWA 215:220 EchNWA 215:220 The study objective was to evaluate the composition of a neutral and weakly acidic water-soluble extract from Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (EchNWA) previously shown to modify murine influenza infection, and to assess immunomodulatory effects on human T-cells. 24434371 12 71 theme EchNWA 1666:1671 arg1 polysaccharides 1673:1687 EchNWA polysaccharides 1666:1687 EchNWA polysaccharides 1666:1687 Conclusions are that EchNWA polysaccharides, but not phenolic compounds have dose-related adjuvant effects on human T-cell cytokine responses characterized by enhancing and suppressive effects that are regulated by T-cell density. 24434371 2 72 theme fresh 355:359 arg1 parts 368:372 fresh aerial parts 355:372 fresh aerial parts 355:372 EchNWA extract from fresh aerial parts was extracted with water, ethanolic precipitation, and size-exclusion chromatography. 24434371 0 73 theme purpurea 10:17 arg1 Moench 24:29 Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench 0:29 Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench 0:29 Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench modulates human T-cell cytokine response. 24434371 1 74 from composition 113:123 arg1 Moench 207:212 Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench 183:212 Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (EchNWA) previously shown to modify murine influenza infection, and to assess immunomodulatory effects on human T-cells 183:332 The study objective was to evaluate the composition of a neutral and weakly acidic water-soluble extract from Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (EchNWA) previously shown to modify murine influenza infection, and to assess immunomodulatory effects on human T-cells. 24434371 1 74 from composition 113:123 arg1 EchNWA 215:220 EchNWA 215:220 EchNWA 215:220 The study objective was to evaluate the composition of a neutral and weakly acidic water-soluble extract from Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (EchNWA) previously shown to modify murine influenza infection, and to assess immunomodulatory effects on human T-cells. 24434371 5 75 theme multi-cytokine 880:893 arg1 technology 903:912 multi-cytokine luminex technology 880:912 multi-cytokine luminex technology 880:912 Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (IFNg) cytokine secretions were measured by multi-cytokine luminex technology. 24434371 2 76 theme ethanolic 400:408 arg1 precipitation 410:422 ethanolic precipitation 400:422 ethanolic precipitation 400:422 EchNWA extract from fresh aerial parts was extracted with water, ethanolic precipitation, and size-exclusion chromatography. 24434371 0 77 theme L. 20:21 arg1 Moench 24:29 Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench 0:29 Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench 0:29 Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench modulates human T-cell cytokine response. 24434371 12 78 theme suppressive 1818:1828 arg1 effects 1830:1836 suppressive effects 1818:1836 suppressive effects 1818:1836 Conclusions are that EchNWA polysaccharides, but not phenolic compounds have dose-related adjuvant effects on human T-cell cytokine responses characterized by enhancing and suppressive effects that are regulated by T-cell density. 24434371 4 79 theme EchNWA 702:707 arg1 doses 693:697 doses 693:697 doses of EchNWA 693:707 Jurkat T-cells at high and low cell density were pretreated or not with doses of EchNWA, followed by activation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus ionomycin (PMA+I). 24434371 1 80 from effects 309:315 arg1 T-cells 326:332 human T-cells 320:332 human T-cells 320:332 The study objective was to evaluate the composition of a neutral and weakly acidic water-soluble extract from Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (EchNWA) previously shown to modify murine influenza infection, and to assess immunomodulatory effects on human T-cells. 24434371 1 81 theme influenza 257:265 arg1 infection 267:275 murine influenza infection 250:275 murine influenza infection 250:275 The study objective was to evaluate the composition of a neutral and weakly acidic water-soluble extract from Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (EchNWA) previously shown to modify murine influenza infection, and to assess immunomodulatory effects on human T-cells. 24434371 2 82 theme size-exclusion 429:442 arg1 chromatography 444:457 size-exclusion chromatography 429:457 size-exclusion chromatography 429:457 EchNWA extract from fresh aerial parts was extracted with water, ethanolic precipitation, and size-exclusion chromatography. 24434371 0 83 theme human 41:45 arg1 response 63:70 human T-cell cytokine response 41:70 human T-cell cytokine response 41:70 Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench modulates human T-cell cytokine response. 24434371 12 84 theme T-cell 1860:1865 arg1 density 1867:1873 T-cell density 1860:1873 T-cell density 1860:1873 Conclusions are that EchNWA polysaccharides, but not phenolic compounds have dose-related adjuvant effects on human T-cell cytokine responses characterized by enhancing and suppressive effects that are regulated by T-cell density. 24434371 4 85 theme phorbol 738:744 arg1 13-acetate 759:768 phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate 738:768 phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate 738:768 Jurkat T-cells at high and low cell density were pretreated or not with doses of EchNWA, followed by activation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus ionomycin (PMA+I). 24434371 11 86 theme low-density 1621:1631 arg1 conditions 1633:1642 low-density conditions 1621:1642 low-density conditions 1621:1642 Conversely EchNWA mediated modest but significant suppression of IFNg response and reduced the percentage of CD25+ T-cells under low-density conditions. 24434371 2 87 from parts 368:372 arg1 extract 342:348 EchNWA extract 335:348 EchNWA extract from fresh aerial parts 335:372 EchNWA extract from fresh aerial parts was extracted with water, ethanolic precipitation, and size-exclusion chromatography. 24434371 11 88 theme T-cells 1607:1613 arg1 percentage 1587:1596 the percentage 1583:1596 the percentage of CD25+ T-cells 1583:1613 Conversely EchNWA mediated modest but significant suppression of IFNg response and reduced the percentage of CD25+ T-cells under low-density conditions. 26054536 4 0 theme BSA 729:731 arg1 encapsulation 689:701 encapsulation 689:701 encapsulation 689:701 The encapsulation and controlled release of BSA from chitosan nanoparticles was also evaluated. 26054536 4 0 theme BSA 729:731 arg1 release 718:724 controlled release 707:724 controlled release 707:724 The encapsulation and controlled release of BSA from chitosan nanoparticles was also evaluated. 26054536 1 1 theme research 160:167 arg1 project 169:175 this research project 155:175 this research project 155:175 The objective of this research project was to develop a nanoparticle drug delivery system using the biopolymer chitosan as the base component. 26054536 0 2 theme BSA 101:103 arg1 encapsulation 84:96 encapsulation 84:96 encapsulation of BSA 84:103 Characterization of novel composite alginate chitosan-carrageenan nanoparticles for encapsulation of BSA as a model drug delivery system. 26054536 6 3 theme first 950:954 arg1 hours 960:964 the first few hours 946:964 the first few hours of the trial 946:977 The release profile indicated an initial burst in the first few hours of the trial, followed by a slower steady release over time. 26054536 1 4 theme project 169:175 arg1 objective 142:150 The objective 138:150 The objective of this research project 138:175 The objective of this research project was to develop a nanoparticle drug delivery system using the biopolymer chitosan as the base component. 26054536 6 5 theme release 900:906 arg1 profile 908:914 The release profile 896:914 The release profile 896:914 The release profile indicated an initial burst in the first few hours of the trial, followed by a slower steady release over time. 26054536 0 6 theme model 110:114 arg1 system 130:135 a model drug delivery system 108:135 a model drug delivery system 108:135 Characterization of novel composite alginate chitosan-carrageenan nanoparticles for encapsulation of BSA as a model drug delivery system. 26054536 2 7 dep counterions 371:381 arg1 counterions 371:381 counterions carrageenan and alginate 371:406 counterions carrageenan and alginate 371:406 The nanoparticles were produced through ionotropic gelation by flush mixing chitosan with counterions carrageenan and alginate. 26054536 2 7 dep counterions 371:381 arg1 alginate 399:406 alginate 399:406 alginate 399:406 The nanoparticles were produced through ionotropic gelation by flush mixing chitosan with counterions carrageenan and alginate. 26054536 2 7 dep counterions 371:381 arg1 carrageenan 383:393 carrageenan 383:393 carrageenan 383:393 The nanoparticles were produced through ionotropic gelation by flush mixing chitosan with counterions carrageenan and alginate. 26054536 3 8 theme nanoparticle 586:597 arg1 characteristics 599:613 the nanoparticle characteristics 582:613 the nanoparticle characteristics of particle diameter 582:634 The nanoparticles were generated under a range of conditions to determine the effect of pH, chitosan concentration, carrageenan concentration, and alginate concentration on the nanoparticle characteristics of particle diameter, zeta potential, and particle size distribution. 26054536 1 9 theme base 265:268 arg1 chitosan 249:256 the biopolymer chitosan 234:256 the biopolymer chitosan 234:256 The objective of this research project was to develop a nanoparticle drug delivery system using the biopolymer chitosan as the base component. 26054536 1 9 theme base 265:268 arg1 component 270:278 the base component 261:278 the base component 261:278 The objective of this research project was to develop a nanoparticle drug delivery system using the biopolymer chitosan as the base component. 26054536 4 10 theme chitosan 738:745 arg1 nanoparticles 747:759 chitosan nanoparticles 738:759 chitosan nanoparticles 738:759 The encapsulation and controlled release of BSA from chitosan nanoparticles was also evaluated. 26054536 6 11 theme steady 1001:1006 arg1 release 1008:1014 a slower steady release 992:1014 a slower steady release over time 992:1024 The release profile indicated an initial burst in the first few hours of the trial, followed by a slower steady release over time. 26054536 0 12 theme delivery 121:128 arg1 system 130:135 a model drug delivery system 108:135 a model drug delivery system 108:135 Characterization of novel composite alginate chitosan-carrageenan nanoparticles for encapsulation of BSA as a model drug delivery system. 26054536 6 13 theme few 956:958 arg1 hours 960:964 the first few hours 946:964 the first few hours of the trial 946:977 The release profile indicated an initial burst in the first few hours of the trial, followed by a slower steady release over time. 26054536 5 14 theme composite 871:879 arg1 nanoparticles 881:893 composite nanoparticles 871:893 composite nanoparticles 871:893 The encapsulation of BSA was used as a model system for the controlled drug delivery from composite nanoparticles. 26054536 3 15 theme conditions 459:468 arg1 range 450:454 a range 448:454 a range of conditions to determine the effect of pH, chitosan concentration, carrageenan concentration, and alginate concentration on the nanoparticle characteristics of particle diameter, zeta potential, and particle size distribution 448:682 The nanoparticles were generated under a range of conditions to determine the effect of pH, chitosan concentration, carrageenan concentration, and alginate concentration on the nanoparticle characteristics of particle diameter, zeta potential, and particle size distribution. 26054536 0 16 theme drug 116:119 arg1 system 130:135 a model drug delivery system 108:135 a model drug delivery system 108:135 Characterization of novel composite alginate chitosan-carrageenan nanoparticles for encapsulation of BSA as a model drug delivery system. 26054536 6 17 theme initial 929:935 arg1 burst 937:941 an initial burst 926:941 an initial burst 926:941 The release profile indicated an initial burst in the first few hours of the trial, followed by a slower steady release over time. 26054536 5 18 used used 810:813 arg2 system 826:831 a model system 818:831 a model system for the controlled drug delivery from composite nanoparticles 818:893 The encapsulation of BSA was used as a model system for the controlled drug delivery from composite nanoparticles. 26054536 5 18 used used 810:813 arg2 encapsulation 785:797 The encapsulation 781:797 The encapsulation of BSA 781:804 The encapsulation of BSA was used as a model system for the controlled drug delivery from composite nanoparticles. 26054536 3 19 theme alginate 556:563 arg1 concentration 565:577 alginate concentration 556:577 alginate concentration 556:577 The nanoparticles were generated under a range of conditions to determine the effect of pH, chitosan concentration, carrageenan concentration, and alginate concentration on the nanoparticle characteristics of particle diameter, zeta potential, and particle size distribution. 26054536 5 20 theme controlled 841:850 arg1 delivery 857:864 the controlled drug delivery 837:864 the controlled drug delivery from composite nanoparticles 837:893 The encapsulation of BSA was used as a model system for the controlled drug delivery from composite nanoparticles. 26054536 6 21 theme slower 994:999 arg1 release 1008:1014 a slower steady release 992:1014 a slower steady release over time 992:1024 The release profile indicated an initial burst in the first few hours of the trial, followed by a slower steady release over time. 26054536 2 22 theme ionotropic 321:330 arg1 gelation 332:339 ionotropic gelation 321:339 ionotropic gelation 321:339 The nanoparticles were produced through ionotropic gelation by flush mixing chitosan with counterions carrageenan and alginate. 26054536 4 23 theme controlled 707:716 arg1 release 718:724 controlled release 707:724 controlled release 707:724 The encapsulation and controlled release of BSA from chitosan nanoparticles was also evaluated. 26054536 0 24 theme composite 26:34 arg1 chitosan-carrageenan 45:64 novel composite alginate chitosan-carrageenan 20:64 novel composite alginate chitosan-carrageenan 20:64 Characterization of novel composite alginate chitosan-carrageenan nanoparticles for encapsulation of BSA as a model drug delivery system. 26054536 7 25 theme fickian 1093:1099 arg1 diffusion 1101:1109 fickian diffusion 1093:1109 fickian diffusion 1093:1109 According to Korsmeyer-Peppas model, the release profile followed fickian diffusion. 26054536 1 26 theme nanoparticle 194:205 arg1 system 221:226 a nanoparticle drug delivery system 192:226 a nanoparticle drug delivery system using the biopolymer chitosan as the base component 192:278 The objective of this research project was to develop a nanoparticle drug delivery system using the biopolymer chitosan as the base component. 26054536 0 27 theme novel 20:24 arg1 chitosan-carrageenan 45:64 novel composite alginate chitosan-carrageenan 20:64 novel composite alginate chitosan-carrageenan 20:64 Characterization of novel composite alginate chitosan-carrageenan nanoparticles for encapsulation of BSA as a model drug delivery system. 26054536 3 28 theme carrageenan 525:535 arg1 concentration 537:549 carrageenan concentration 525:549 carrageenan concentration 525:549 The nanoparticles were generated under a range of conditions to determine the effect of pH, chitosan concentration, carrageenan concentration, and alginate concentration on the nanoparticle characteristics of particle diameter, zeta potential, and particle size distribution. 26054536 3 29 theme size 666:669 arg1 distribution 671:682 particle size distribution 657:682 particle size distribution 657:682 The nanoparticles were generated under a range of conditions to determine the effect of pH, chitosan concentration, carrageenan concentration, and alginate concentration on the nanoparticle characteristics of particle diameter, zeta potential, and particle size distribution. 26054536 1 30 theme drug 207:210 arg1 system 221:226 a nanoparticle drug delivery system 192:226 a nanoparticle drug delivery system using the biopolymer chitosan as the base component 192:278 The objective of this research project was to develop a nanoparticle drug delivery system using the biopolymer chitosan as the base component. 26054536 0 31 theme chitosan-carrageenan 45:64 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of novel composite alginate chitosan-carrageenan 0:64 Characterization of novel composite alginate chitosan-carrageenan nanoparticles for encapsulation of BSA as a model drug delivery system. 26054536 3 32 theme concentration 510:522 arg1 effect 487:492 the effect 483:492 the effect of pH, chitosan concentration, carrageenan concentration, and alginate concentration on the nanoparticle characteristics of particle diameter, zeta potential, and particle size distribution 483:682 The nanoparticles were generated under a range of conditions to determine the effect of pH, chitosan concentration, carrageenan concentration, and alginate concentration on the nanoparticle characteristics of particle diameter, zeta potential, and particle size distribution. 26054536 1 33 theme delivery 212:219 arg1 system 221:226 a nanoparticle drug delivery system 192:226 a nanoparticle drug delivery system using the biopolymer chitosan as the base component 192:278 The objective of this research project was to develop a nanoparticle drug delivery system using the biopolymer chitosan as the base component. 26054536 0 34 theme alginate 36:43 arg1 chitosan-carrageenan 45:64 novel composite alginate chitosan-carrageenan 20:64 novel composite alginate chitosan-carrageenan 20:64 Characterization of novel composite alginate chitosan-carrageenan nanoparticles for encapsulation of BSA as a model drug delivery system. 26054536 5 35 theme model 820:824 arg1 system 826:831 a model system 818:831 a model system for the controlled drug delivery from composite nanoparticles 818:893 The encapsulation of BSA was used as a model system for the controlled drug delivery from composite nanoparticles. 26054536 5 35 theme model 820:824 arg1 encapsulation 785:797 The encapsulation 781:797 The encapsulation of BSA 781:804 The encapsulation of BSA was used as a model system for the controlled drug delivery from composite nanoparticles. 26054536 2 36 with chitosan 357:364 arg1 counterions 371:381 counterions carrageenan and alginate 371:406 counterions carrageenan and alginate 371:406 The nanoparticles were produced through ionotropic gelation by flush mixing chitosan with counterions carrageenan and alginate. 26054536 2 36 with chitosan 357:364 arg1 alginate 399:406 alginate 399:406 alginate 399:406 The nanoparticles were produced through ionotropic gelation by flush mixing chitosan with counterions carrageenan and alginate. 26054536 2 36 with chitosan 357:364 arg1 carrageenan 383:393 carrageenan 383:393 carrageenan 383:393 The nanoparticles were produced through ionotropic gelation by flush mixing chitosan with counterions carrageenan and alginate. 26054536 3 37 theme zeta 637:640 arg1 potential 642:650 zeta potential 637:650 zeta potential 637:650 The nanoparticles were generated under a range of conditions to determine the effect of pH, chitosan concentration, carrageenan concentration, and alginate concentration on the nanoparticle characteristics of particle diameter, zeta potential, and particle size distribution. 26054536 5 38 from nanoparticles 881:893 arg1 delivery 857:864 the controlled drug delivery 837:864 the controlled drug delivery from composite nanoparticles 837:893 The encapsulation of BSA was used as a model system for the controlled drug delivery from composite nanoparticles. 26054536 5 39 theme drug 852:855 arg1 delivery 857:864 the controlled drug delivery 837:864 the controlled drug delivery from composite nanoparticles 837:893 The encapsulation of BSA was used as a model system for the controlled drug delivery from composite nanoparticles. 26054536 6 40 theme trial 973:977 arg1 hours 960:964 the first few hours 946:964 the first few hours of the trial 946:977 The release profile indicated an initial burst in the first few hours of the trial, followed by a slower steady release over time. 26054536 3 41 theme particle 618:625 arg1 diameter 627:634 particle diameter 618:634 particle diameter 618:634 The nanoparticles were generated under a range of conditions to determine the effect of pH, chitosan concentration, carrageenan concentration, and alginate concentration on the nanoparticle characteristics of particle diameter, zeta potential, and particle size distribution. 26054536 7 42 theme Korsmeyer-Peppas 1040:1055 arg1 model 1057:1061 Korsmeyer-Peppas model 1040:1061 Korsmeyer-Peppas model 1040:1061 According to Korsmeyer-Peppas model, the release profile followed fickian diffusion. 26054536 3 43 theme chitosan 501:508 arg1 concentration 510:522 chitosan concentration 501:522 chitosan concentration 501:522 The nanoparticles were generated under a range of conditions to determine the effect of pH, chitosan concentration, carrageenan concentration, and alginate concentration on the nanoparticle characteristics of particle diameter, zeta potential, and particle size distribution. 26054536 7 44 theme release 1068:1074 arg1 profile 1076:1082 the release profile 1064:1082 the release profile 1064:1082 According to Korsmeyer-Peppas model, the release profile followed fickian diffusion. 26054536 3 45 theme diameter 627:634 arg1 characteristics 599:613 the nanoparticle characteristics 582:613 the nanoparticle characteristics of particle diameter 582:634 The nanoparticles were generated under a range of conditions to determine the effect of pH, chitosan concentration, carrageenan concentration, and alginate concentration on the nanoparticle characteristics of particle diameter, zeta potential, and particle size distribution. 26054536 3 45 theme diameter 627:634 arg1 distribution 671:682 particle size distribution 657:682 particle size distribution 657:682 The nanoparticles were generated under a range of conditions to determine the effect of pH, chitosan concentration, carrageenan concentration, and alginate concentration on the nanoparticle characteristics of particle diameter, zeta potential, and particle size distribution. 26054536 3 45 theme diameter 627:634 arg1 potential 642:650 zeta potential 637:650 zeta potential 637:650 The nanoparticles were generated under a range of conditions to determine the effect of pH, chitosan concentration, carrageenan concentration, and alginate concentration on the nanoparticle characteristics of particle diameter, zeta potential, and particle size distribution. 26054536 3 46 from effect 487:492 arg1 characteristics 599:613 the nanoparticle characteristics 582:613 the nanoparticle characteristics of particle diameter 582:634 The nanoparticles were generated under a range of conditions to determine the effect of pH, chitosan concentration, carrageenan concentration, and alginate concentration on the nanoparticle characteristics of particle diameter, zeta potential, and particle size distribution. 26054536 3 46 from effect 487:492 arg1 distribution 671:682 particle size distribution 657:682 particle size distribution 657:682 The nanoparticles were generated under a range of conditions to determine the effect of pH, chitosan concentration, carrageenan concentration, and alginate concentration on the nanoparticle characteristics of particle diameter, zeta potential, and particle size distribution. 26054536 3 46 from effect 487:492 arg1 potential 642:650 zeta potential 637:650 zeta potential 637:650 The nanoparticles were generated under a range of conditions to determine the effect of pH, chitosan concentration, carrageenan concentration, and alginate concentration on the nanoparticle characteristics of particle diameter, zeta potential, and particle size distribution. 26054536 2 47 theme mixing 350:355 arg1 chitosan 357:364 flush mixing chitosan 344:364 flush mixing chitosan with counterions carrageenan and alginate 344:406 The nanoparticles were produced through ionotropic gelation by flush mixing chitosan with counterions carrageenan and alginate. 26054536 2 48 theme flush 344:348 arg1 chitosan 357:364 flush mixing chitosan 344:364 flush mixing chitosan with counterions carrageenan and alginate 344:406 The nanoparticles were produced through ionotropic gelation by flush mixing chitosan with counterions carrageenan and alginate. 26054536 3 49 theme particle 657:664 arg1 distribution 671:682 particle size distribution 657:682 particle size distribution 657:682 The nanoparticles were generated under a range of conditions to determine the effect of pH, chitosan concentration, carrageenan concentration, and alginate concentration on the nanoparticle characteristics of particle diameter, zeta potential, and particle size distribution. 26054536 3 50 theme pH 497:498 arg1 effect 487:492 the effect 483:492 the effect of pH, chitosan concentration, carrageenan concentration, and alginate concentration on the nanoparticle characteristics of particle diameter, zeta potential, and particle size distribution 483:682 The nanoparticles were generated under a range of conditions to determine the effect of pH, chitosan concentration, carrageenan concentration, and alginate concentration on the nanoparticle characteristics of particle diameter, zeta potential, and particle size distribution. 26054536 5 51 theme BSA 802:804 arg1 encapsulation 785:797 The encapsulation 781:797 The encapsulation of BSA 781:804 The encapsulation of BSA was used as a model system for the controlled drug delivery from composite nanoparticles. 26054536 5 51 theme BSA 802:804 arg1 system 826:831 a model system 818:831 a model system for the controlled drug delivery from composite nanoparticles 818:893 The encapsulation of BSA was used as a model system for the controlled drug delivery from composite nanoparticles. 26054536 3 52 theme concentration 537:549 arg1 effect 487:492 the effect 483:492 the effect of pH, chitosan concentration, carrageenan concentration, and alginate concentration on the nanoparticle characteristics of particle diameter, zeta potential, and particle size distribution 483:682 The nanoparticles were generated under a range of conditions to determine the effect of pH, chitosan concentration, carrageenan concentration, and alginate concentration on the nanoparticle characteristics of particle diameter, zeta potential, and particle size distribution. 26054536 4 53 from nanoparticles 747:759 arg1 encapsulation 689:701 encapsulation 689:701 encapsulation 689:701 The encapsulation and controlled release of BSA from chitosan nanoparticles was also evaluated. 26054536 4 53 from nanoparticles 747:759 arg1 release 718:724 controlled release 707:724 controlled release 707:724 The encapsulation and controlled release of BSA from chitosan nanoparticles was also evaluated. 26054536 1 54 theme biopolymer 238:247 arg1 chitosan 249:256 the biopolymer chitosan 234:256 the biopolymer chitosan 234:256 The objective of this research project was to develop a nanoparticle drug delivery system using the biopolymer chitosan as the base component. 26054536 1 54 theme biopolymer 238:247 arg1 component 270:278 the base component 261:278 the base component 261:278 The objective of this research project was to develop a nanoparticle drug delivery system using the biopolymer chitosan as the base component. 26054536 3 55 theme concentration 565:577 arg1 effect 487:492 the effect 483:492 the effect of pH, chitosan concentration, carrageenan concentration, and alginate concentration on the nanoparticle characteristics of particle diameter, zeta potential, and particle size distribution 483:682 The nanoparticles were generated under a range of conditions to determine the effect of pH, chitosan concentration, carrageenan concentration, and alginate concentration on the nanoparticle characteristics of particle diameter, zeta potential, and particle size distribution. 26054536 4 56 dep encapsulation 689:701 arg1 The 685:687 The 685:687 The 685:687 The encapsulation and controlled release of BSA from chitosan nanoparticles was also evaluated. 25168290 5 0 theme well-defined 728:739 arg1 samples 751:757 pure and well-defined synthetic samples 719:757 pure and well-defined synthetic samples 719:757 To ensure reliable biological results, pure and well-defined synthetic samples are required. 25168290 4 1 theme relationship 658:669 arg1 studies 671:677 any structure-activity relationship studies 635:677 any structure-activity relationship studies 635:677 The LTA from C. difficile is isolated as a microheterogenous mixture, differing in size and composition, impeding any structure-activity relationship studies. 25168290 1 2 theme nosocomial 162:171 arg1 pathogen 173:180 a notorious nosocomial pathogen 150:180 Clostridium difficile a notorious nosocomial pathogen 128:180 The emergence of hypervirulent resistant strains have made Clostridium difficile a notorious nosocomial pathogen and has resulted in a renewed interest in preventive strategies, such as vaccines based on (synthetic) cell wall antigens. 25168290 4 3 theme C. 534:535 arg1 difficile 537:545 C. difficile 534:545 C. difficile 534:545 The LTA from C. difficile is isolated as a microheterogenous mixture, differing in size and composition, impeding any structure-activity relationship studies. 25168290 5 4 theme synthetic 741:749 arg1 samples 751:757 pure and well-defined synthetic samples 719:757 pure and well-defined synthetic samples 719:757 To ensure reliable biological results, pure and well-defined synthetic samples are required. 25168290 3 5 theme antibodies 468:477 arg1 formation 444:452 the formation 440:452 the formation of protective antibodies against C. difficile in rabbits and mice 440:518 Additionally, this LTA was found to induce the formation of protective antibodies against C. difficile in rabbits and mice. 25168290 5 6 theme reliable 690:697 arg1 results 710:716 reliable biological results 690:716 reliable biological results 690:716 To ensure reliable biological results, pure and well-defined synthetic samples are required. 25168290 4 7 from difficile 537:545 arg1 mixture 582:588 a microheterogenous mixture 562:588 a microheterogenous mixture 562:588 The LTA from C. difficile is isolated as a microheterogenous mixture, differing in size and composition, impeding any structure-activity relationship studies. 25168290 4 7 from difficile 537:545 arg1 LTA 525:527 The LTA 521:527 The LTA from C. difficile 521:545 The LTA from C. difficile is isolated as a microheterogenous mixture, differing in size and composition, impeding any structure-activity relationship studies. 25168290 1 8 dep difficile 140:148 arg1 pathogen 173:180 a notorious nosocomial pathogen 150:180 Clostridium difficile a notorious nosocomial pathogen 128:180 The emergence of hypervirulent resistant strains have made Clostridium difficile a notorious nosocomial pathogen and has resulted in a renewed interest in preventive strategies, such as vaccines based on (synthetic) cell wall antigens. 25168290 4 9 theme structure-activity 639:656 arg1 studies 671:677 any structure-activity relationship studies 635:677 any structure-activity relationship studies 635:677 The LTA from C. difficile is isolated as a microheterogenous mixture, differing in size and composition, impeding any structure-activity relationship studies. 25168290 6 10 theme chain 845:849 arg1 length 851:856 defined chain length 837:856 defined chain length 837:856 In this work the total synthesis of LTAs from C. difficile with defined chain length is described and the initial biological results are presented. 25168290 6 11 from synthesis 796:804 arg1 difficile 822:830 C. difficile 819:830 C. difficile with defined chain length 819:856 In this work the total synthesis of LTAs from C. difficile with defined chain length is described and the initial biological results are presented. 25168290 6 12 theme defined 837:843 arg1 length 851:856 defined chain length 837:856 defined chain length 837:856 In this work the total synthesis of LTAs from C. difficile with defined chain length is described and the initial biological results are presented. 25168290 0 13 theme Total 0:4 arg1 Synthesis 6:14 Total Synthesis 0:14 Total Synthesis of Five Lipoteichoic acids of Clostridium difficile 0:66 Total Synthesis of Five Lipoteichoic acids of Clostridium difficile. 25168290 1 14 theme hypervirulent 86:98 arg1 strains 110:116 hypervirulent resistant strains 86:116 hypervirulent resistant strains 86:116 The emergence of hypervirulent resistant strains have made Clostridium difficile a notorious nosocomial pathogen and has resulted in a renewed interest in preventive strategies, such as vaccines based on (synthetic) cell wall antigens. 25168290 6 15 with difficile 822:830 arg1 length 851:856 defined chain length 837:856 defined chain length 837:856 In this work the total synthesis of LTAs from C. difficile with defined chain length is described and the initial biological results are presented. 25168290 1 16 theme synthetic 274:282 arg1 antigens 295:302 (synthetic) cell wall antigens 273:302 (synthetic) cell wall antigens 273:302 The emergence of hypervirulent resistant strains have made Clostridium difficile a notorious nosocomial pathogen and has resulted in a renewed interest in preventive strategies, such as vaccines based on (synthetic) cell wall antigens. 25168290 1 17 theme resistant 100:108 arg1 strains 110:116 hypervirulent resistant strains 86:116 hypervirulent resistant strains 86:116 The emergence of hypervirulent resistant strains have made Clostridium difficile a notorious nosocomial pathogen and has resulted in a renewed interest in preventive strategies, such as vaccines based on (synthetic) cell wall antigens. 25168290 6 18 from difficile 822:830 arg1 LTAs 809:812 LTAs 809:812 LTAs from C. difficile with defined chain length 809:856 In this work the total synthesis of LTAs from C. difficile with defined chain length is described and the initial biological results are presented. 25168290 6 18 from difficile 822:830 arg1 synthesis 796:804 the total synthesis 786:804 the total synthesis of LTAs from C. difficile with defined chain length 786:856 In this work the total synthesis of LTAs from C. difficile with defined chain length is described and the initial biological results are presented. 25168290 1 19 theme strains 110:116 arg1 emergence 73:81 The emergence 69:81 The emergence of hypervirulent resistant strains 69:116 The emergence of hypervirulent resistant strains have made Clostridium difficile a notorious nosocomial pathogen and has resulted in a renewed interest in preventive strategies, such as vaccines based on (synthetic) cell wall antigens. 25168290 1 20 theme renewed 204:210 arg1 interest 212:219 a renewed interest 202:219 a renewed interest in preventive strategies, such as vaccines based on (synthetic) cell wall antigens 202:302 The emergence of hypervirulent resistant strains have made Clostridium difficile a notorious nosocomial pathogen and has resulted in a renewed interest in preventive strategies, such as vaccines based on (synthetic) cell wall antigens. 25168290 0 21 theme acids 37:41 arg1 Synthesis 6:14 Total Synthesis 0:14 Total Synthesis of Five Lipoteichoic acids of Clostridium difficile 0:66 Total Synthesis of Five Lipoteichoic acids of Clostridium difficile. 25168290 1 22 theme cell 285:288 arg1 antigens 295:302 (synthetic) cell wall antigens 273:302 (synthetic) cell wall antigens 273:302 The emergence of hypervirulent resistant strains have made Clostridium difficile a notorious nosocomial pathogen and has resulted in a renewed interest in preventive strategies, such as vaccines based on (synthetic) cell wall antigens. 25168290 0 23 theme Lipoteichoic 24:35 arg1 acids 37:41 Five Lipoteichoic acids 19:41 Five Lipoteichoic acids of Clostridium difficile 19:66 Total Synthesis of Five Lipoteichoic acids of Clostridium difficile. 25168290 1 24 theme wall 290:293 arg1 antigens 295:302 (synthetic) cell wall antigens 273:302 (synthetic) cell wall antigens 273:302 The emergence of hypervirulent resistant strains have made Clostridium difficile a notorious nosocomial pathogen and has resulted in a renewed interest in preventive strategies, such as vaccines based on (synthetic) cell wall antigens. 25168290 6 25 theme C. 819:820 arg1 difficile 822:830 C. difficile 819:830 C. difficile with defined chain length 819:856 In this work the total synthesis of LTAs from C. difficile with defined chain length is described and the initial biological results are presented. 25168290 1 26 from interest 212:219 arg1 vaccines 255:262 vaccines 255:262 vaccines based on (synthetic) cell wall antigens 255:302 The emergence of hypervirulent resistant strains have made Clostridium difficile a notorious nosocomial pathogen and has resulted in a renewed interest in preventive strategies, such as vaccines based on (synthetic) cell wall antigens. 25168290 1 26 from interest 212:219 arg1 strategies 235:244 preventive strategies 224:244 preventive strategies 224:244 The emergence of hypervirulent resistant strains have made Clostridium difficile a notorious nosocomial pathogen and has resulted in a renewed interest in preventive strategies, such as vaccines based on (synthetic) cell wall antigens. 25168290 2 27 theme species 368:374 arg1 LTA 355:357 LTA 355:357 LTA 355:357 Recently, the structure of the lipoteichoic acid (LTA) of this species has been elucidated. 25168290 2 27 theme species 368:374 arg1 acid 349:352 the lipoteichoic acid 332:352 the lipoteichoic acid (LTA) of this species 332:374 Recently, the structure of the lipoteichoic acid (LTA) of this species has been elucidated. 25168290 0 28 theme Clostridium 46:56 arg1 difficile 58:66 Clostridium difficile 46:66 Clostridium difficile 46:66 Total Synthesis of Five Lipoteichoic acids of Clostridium difficile. 25168290 3 29 theme protective 457:466 arg1 antibodies 468:477 protective antibodies 457:477 protective antibodies against C. difficile in rabbits and mice 457:518 Additionally, this LTA was found to induce the formation of protective antibodies against C. difficile in rabbits and mice. 25168290 6 30 theme LTAs 809:812 arg1 synthesis 796:804 the total synthesis 786:804 the total synthesis of LTAs from C. difficile with defined chain length 786:856 In this work the total synthesis of LTAs from C. difficile with defined chain length is described and the initial biological results are presented. 25168290 1 31 theme notorious 152:160 arg1 pathogen 173:180 a notorious nosocomial pathogen 150:180 Clostridium difficile a notorious nosocomial pathogen 128:180 The emergence of hypervirulent resistant strains have made Clostridium difficile a notorious nosocomial pathogen and has resulted in a renewed interest in preventive strategies, such as vaccines based on (synthetic) cell wall antigens. 25168290 6 32 theme biological 887:896 arg1 results 898:904 the initial biological results 875:904 the initial biological results 875:904 In this work the total synthesis of LTAs from C. difficile with defined chain length is described and the initial biological results are presented. 25168290 1 33 theme Clostridium 128:138 arg1 difficile 140:148 Clostridium difficile 128:148 Clostridium difficile a notorious nosocomial pathogen 128:180 The emergence of hypervirulent resistant strains have made Clostridium difficile a notorious nosocomial pathogen and has resulted in a renewed interest in preventive strategies, such as vaccines based on (synthetic) cell wall antigens. 25168290 1 34 theme preventive 224:233 arg1 vaccines 255:262 vaccines 255:262 vaccines based on (synthetic) cell wall antigens 255:302 The emergence of hypervirulent resistant strains have made Clostridium difficile a notorious nosocomial pathogen and has resulted in a renewed interest in preventive strategies, such as vaccines based on (synthetic) cell wall antigens. 25168290 1 34 theme preventive 224:233 arg1 strategies 235:244 preventive strategies 224:244 preventive strategies 224:244 The emergence of hypervirulent resistant strains have made Clostridium difficile a notorious nosocomial pathogen and has resulted in a renewed interest in preventive strategies, such as vaccines based on (synthetic) cell wall antigens. 25168290 2 35 theme acid 349:352 arg1 structure 319:327 the structure 315:327 the structure of the lipoteichoic acid (LTA) of this species 315:374 Recently, the structure of the lipoteichoic acid (LTA) of this species has been elucidated. 25168290 5 36 theme pure 719:722 arg1 samples 751:757 pure and well-defined synthetic samples 719:757 pure and well-defined synthetic samples 719:757 To ensure reliable biological results, pure and well-defined synthetic samples are required. 25168290 6 37 theme total 790:794 arg1 synthesis 796:804 the total synthesis 786:804 the total synthesis of LTAs from C. difficile with defined chain length 786:856 In this work the total synthesis of LTAs from C. difficile with defined chain length is described and the initial biological results are presented. 25168290 2 38 theme lipoteichoic 336:347 arg1 LTA 355:357 LTA 355:357 LTA 355:357 Recently, the structure of the lipoteichoic acid (LTA) of this species has been elucidated. 25168290 2 38 theme lipoteichoic 336:347 arg1 acid 349:352 the lipoteichoic acid 332:352 the lipoteichoic acid (LTA) of this species 332:374 Recently, the structure of the lipoteichoic acid (LTA) of this species has been elucidated. 25168290 4 39 theme microheterogenous 564:580 arg1 mixture 582:588 a microheterogenous mixture 562:588 a microheterogenous mixture 562:588 The LTA from C. difficile is isolated as a microheterogenous mixture, differing in size and composition, impeding any structure-activity relationship studies. 25168290 4 39 theme microheterogenous 564:580 arg1 LTA 525:527 The LTA 521:527 The LTA from C. difficile 521:545 The LTA from C. difficile is isolated as a microheterogenous mixture, differing in size and composition, impeding any structure-activity relationship studies. 25168290 0 40 theme difficile 58:66 arg1 acids 37:41 Five Lipoteichoic acids 19:41 Five Lipoteichoic acids of Clostridium difficile 19:66 Total Synthesis of Five Lipoteichoic acids of Clostridium difficile. 25168290 6 41 theme initial 879:885 arg1 results 898:904 the initial biological results 875:904 the initial biological results 875:904 In this work the total synthesis of LTAs from C. difficile with defined chain length is described and the initial biological results are presented. 25168290 3 42 theme C. 487:488 arg1 difficile 490:498 C. difficile 487:498 C. difficile in rabbits and mice 487:518 Additionally, this LTA was found to induce the formation of protective antibodies against C. difficile in rabbits and mice. 25168290 3 43 from difficile 490:498 arg1 rabbits 503:509 rabbits 503:509 rabbits 503:509 Additionally, this LTA was found to induce the formation of protective antibodies against C. difficile in rabbits and mice. 25168290 3 43 from difficile 490:498 arg1 mice 515:518 mice 515:518 mice 515:518 Additionally, this LTA was found to induce the formation of protective antibodies against C. difficile in rabbits and mice. 25168290 5 44 theme biological 699:708 arg1 results 710:716 reliable biological results 690:716 reliable biological results 690:716 To ensure reliable biological results, pure and well-defined synthetic samples are required. 25308654 3 0 theme design 603:608 arg1 point 590:594 centre point 583:594 centre point of the design 583:608 temperature (°C) and ethanol concentration (%) with 5 levels (-1.414, -1, 0, +1 and +1.414) were used to design the optimisation model using central composite rotatable design where, -1.414 and +1.414 refer to axial values, -1 and +1 mean factorial points and 0 refers to centre point of the design. 25308654 4 1 theme content 758:764 arg1 variables 730:738 the response variables 717:738 the response variables of total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity 717:856 The two variables, temperature of 40°C and ethanol concentration of 65% were the optimised conditions for the response variables of total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity. 25308654 8 2 theme antioxidant 1393:1403 arg1 property 1405:1412 their antioxidant property 1387:1412 their antioxidant property 1387:1412 The obtained optimised model could be used for polyphenol extraction from star fruit pomace and microencapsulates can be incorporated in different food systems to enhance their antioxidant property. 25308654 3 3 theme optimisation 427:438 arg1 model 440:444 the optimisation model 423:444 the optimisation model using central composite rotatable design 423:485 temperature (°C) and ethanol concentration (%) with 5 levels (-1.414, -1, 0, +1 and +1.414) were used to design the optimisation model using central composite rotatable design where, -1.414 and +1.414 refer to axial values, -1 and +1 mean factorial points and 0 refers to centre point of the design. 25308654 4 4 theme antioxidant 783:793 arg1 capacity 795:802 ferric reducing antioxidant capacity 767:802 ferric reducing antioxidant capacity 767:802 The two variables, temperature of 40°C and ethanol concentration of 65% were the optimised conditions for the response variables of total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity. 25308654 1 5 theme response 246:253 arg1 methodology 263:273 response surface methodology 246:273 response surface methodology 246:273 Optimised of the extraction of polyphenol from star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) pomace using response surface methodology was carried out. 25308654 0 6 theme surface 79:85 arg1 methodology 87:97 response surface methodology 70:97 response surface methodology 70:97 Optimisation of phenolic extraction from Averrhoa carambola pomace by response surface methodology and its microencapsulation by spray and freeze drying. 25308654 4 7 theme phenolic 749:756 arg1 content 758:764 total phenolic content 743:764 total phenolic content 743:764 The two variables, temperature of 40°C and ethanol concentration of 65% were the optimised conditions for the response variables of total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity. 25308654 7 8 theme dried 1187:1191 arg1 encapsulates 1193:1204 freeze dried encapsulates 1180:1204 freeze dried encapsulates (78-97%) 1180:1213 Highest encapsulating efficiency was obtained in freeze dried encapsulates (78-97%). 25308654 7 8 theme dried 1187:1191 arg1 % 1212:1212 78-97% 1207:1212 78-97% 1207:1212 Highest encapsulating efficiency was obtained in freeze dried encapsulates (78-97%). 25308654 8 9 from pomace 1301:1306 arg1 extraction 1274:1283 polyphenol extraction 1263:1283 polyphenol extraction from star fruit pomace 1263:1306 The obtained optimised model could be used for polyphenol extraction from star fruit pomace and microencapsulates can be incorporated in different food systems to enhance their antioxidant property. 25308654 1 10 theme surface 255:261 arg1 methodology 263:273 response surface methodology 246:273 response surface methodology 246:273 Optimised of the extraction of polyphenol from star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) pomace using response surface methodology was carried out. 25308654 7 11 theme Highest 1131:1137 arg1 efficiency 1153:1162 Highest encapsulating efficiency 1131:1162 Highest encapsulating efficiency 1131:1162 Highest encapsulating efficiency was obtained in freeze dried encapsulates (78-97%). 25308654 0 12 from Optimisation 0:11 arg1 carambola 50:58 Averrhoa carambola 41:58 Averrhoa carambola 41:58 Optimisation of phenolic extraction from Averrhoa carambola pomace by response surface methodology and its microencapsulation by spray and freeze drying. 25308654 4 13 theme ferric 767:772 arg1 capacity 795:802 ferric reducing antioxidant capacity 767:802 ferric reducing antioxidant capacity 767:802 The two variables, temperature of 40°C and ethanol concentration of 65% were the optimised conditions for the response variables of total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity. 25308654 8 14 theme food 1363:1366 arg1 systems 1368:1374 different food systems 1353:1374 different food systems 1353:1374 The obtained optimised model could be used for polyphenol extraction from star fruit pomace and microencapsulates can be incorporated in different food systems to enhance their antioxidant property. 25308654 4 15 theme ethanol 654:660 arg1 conditions 702:711 the optimised conditions 688:711 the optimised conditions for the response variables of total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity 688:856 The two variables, temperature of 40°C and ethanol concentration of 65% were the optimised conditions for the response variables of total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity. 25308654 4 15 theme ethanol 654:660 arg1 concentration 662:674 ethanol concentration 654:674 ethanol concentration of 65% 654:681 The two variables, temperature of 40°C and ethanol concentration of 65% were the optimised conditions for the response variables of total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity. 25308654 4 15 theme ethanol 654:660 arg1 temperature 630:640 temperature 630:640 temperature of 40°C 630:648 The two variables, temperature of 40°C and ethanol concentration of 65% were the optimised conditions for the response variables of total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity. 25308654 4 15 theme ethanol 654:660 arg1 variables 619:627 The two variables 611:627 The two variables 611:627 The two variables, temperature of 40°C and ethanol concentration of 65% were the optimised conditions for the response variables of total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity. 25308654 6 16 theme spray 1064:1068 arg1 methods 1088:1094 spray and freeze drying methods 1064:1094 methods 1088:1094 The extract was then encapsulated with maltodextrin (⩽ DE 20) by spray and freeze drying methods at three different concentrations. 25308654 7 17 theme encapsulating 1139:1151 arg1 efficiency 1153:1162 Highest encapsulating efficiency 1131:1162 Highest encapsulating efficiency 1131:1162 Highest encapsulating efficiency was obtained in freeze dried encapsulates (78-97%). 25308654 6 18 theme freeze 1074:1079 arg1 methods 1088:1094 spray and freeze drying methods 1064:1094 methods 1088:1094 The extract was then encapsulated with maltodextrin (⩽ DE 20) by spray and freeze drying methods at three different concentrations. 25308654 3 19 dep levels 365:370 arg1 +1.414 395:400 +1.414 395:400 +1.414 395:400 temperature (°C) and ethanol concentration (%) with 5 levels (-1.414, -1, 0, +1 and +1.414) were used to design the optimisation model using central composite rotatable design where, -1.414 and +1.414 refer to axial values, -1 and +1 mean factorial points and 0 refers to centre point of the design. 25308654 3 19 dep levels 365:370 arg1 +1 388:389 +1 388:389 +1 388:389 temperature (°C) and ethanol concentration (%) with 5 levels (-1.414, -1, 0, +1 and +1.414) were used to design the optimisation model using central composite rotatable design where, -1.414 and +1.414 refer to axial values, -1 and +1 mean factorial points and 0 refers to centre point of the design. 25308654 5 20 theme chromatography 898:911 arg1 chromatogram 913:924 The reverse phase-high pressure liquid chromatography chromatogram 859:924 The reverse phase-high pressure liquid chromatography chromatogram of the polyphenol extract 859:950 The reverse phase-high pressure liquid chromatography chromatogram of the polyphenol extract showed eight phenolic acids and ascorbic acid. 25308654 3 21 theme ethanol 332:338 arg1 concentration 340:352 ethanol concentration 332:352 ethanol concentration (%) with 5 levels (-1.414, -1, 0, +1 and +1.414) 332:401 temperature (°C) and ethanol concentration (%) with 5 levels (-1.414, -1, 0, +1 and +1.414) were used to design the optimisation model using central composite rotatable design where, -1.414 and +1.414 refer to axial values, -1 and +1 mean factorial points and 0 refers to centre point of the design. 25308654 3 21 theme ethanol 332:338 arg1 % 355:355 % 355:355 % 355:355 temperature (°C) and ethanol concentration (%) with 5 levels (-1.414, -1, 0, +1 and +1.414) were used to design the optimisation model using central composite rotatable design where, -1.414 and +1.414 refer to axial values, -1 and +1 mean factorial points and 0 refers to centre point of the design. 25308654 0 22 from carambola 50:58 arg1 Optimisation 0:11 Optimisation 0:11 Optimisation of phenolic extraction from Averrhoa carambola 0:58 Optimisation of phenolic extraction from Averrhoa carambola pomace by response surface methodology and its microencapsulation by spray and freeze drying. 25308654 0 22 from carambola 50:58 arg1 extraction 25:34 phenolic extraction 16:34 phenolic extraction from Averrhoa carambola 16:58 Optimisation of phenolic extraction from Averrhoa carambola pomace by response surface methodology and its microencapsulation by spray and freeze drying. 25308654 6 23 from concentrations 1115:1128 arg1 methods 1088:1094 spray and freeze drying methods 1064:1094 methods 1088:1094 The extract was then encapsulated with maltodextrin (⩽ DE 20) by spray and freeze drying methods at three different concentrations. 25308654 3 24 theme composite 460:468 arg1 design 480:485 central composite rotatable design 452:485 central composite rotatable design 452:485 temperature (°C) and ethanol concentration (%) with 5 levels (-1.414, -1, 0, +1 and +1.414) were used to design the optimisation model using central composite rotatable design where, -1.414 and +1.414 refer to axial values, -1 and +1 mean factorial points and 0 refers to centre point of the design. 25308654 1 25 theme extraction 171:180 arg1 Optimised 154:162 Optimised 154:162 Optimised 154:162 Optimised of the extraction of polyphenol from star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) pomace using response surface methodology was carried out. 25308654 4 26 theme response 721:728 arg1 variables 730:738 the response variables 717:738 the response variables of total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity 717:856 The two variables, temperature of 40°C and ethanol concentration of 65% were the optimised conditions for the response variables of total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity. 25308654 3 27 theme rotatable 470:478 arg1 design 480:485 central composite rotatable design 452:485 central composite rotatable design 452:485 temperature (°C) and ethanol concentration (%) with 5 levels (-1.414, -1, 0, +1 and +1.414) were used to design the optimisation model using central composite rotatable design where, -1.414 and +1.414 refer to axial values, -1 and +1 mean factorial points and 0 refers to centre point of the design. 25308654 5 28 theme phenolic 965:972 arg1 acids 974:978 eight phenolic acids 959:978 eight phenolic acids 959:978 The reverse phase-high pressure liquid chromatography chromatogram of the polyphenol extract showed eight phenolic acids and ascorbic acid. 25308654 8 29 theme different 1353:1361 arg1 systems 1368:1374 different food systems 1353:1374 different food systems 1353:1374 The obtained optimised model could be used for polyphenol extraction from star fruit pomace and microencapsulates can be incorporated in different food systems to enhance their antioxidant property. 25308654 4 30 theme total 743:747 arg1 content 758:764 total phenolic content 743:764 total phenolic content 743:764 The two variables, temperature of 40°C and ethanol concentration of 65% were the optimised conditions for the response variables of total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity. 25308654 6 31 theme drying 1081:1086 arg1 methods 1088:1094 spray and freeze drying methods 1064:1094 methods 1088:1094 The extract was then encapsulated with maltodextrin (⩽ DE 20) by spray and freeze drying methods at three different concentrations. 25308654 1 32 theme polyphenol 185:194 arg1 extraction 171:180 the extraction 167:180 the extraction of polyphenol from star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) pomace using response surface methodology 167:273 Optimised of the extraction of polyphenol from star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) pomace using response surface methodology was carried out. 25308654 5 33 theme reverse 863:869 arg1 chromatography 898:911 reverse phase-high pressure liquid chromatography 863:911 The reverse phase-high pressure liquid chromatography chromatogram of the polyphenol extract 859:950 The reverse phase-high pressure liquid chromatography chromatogram of the polyphenol extract showed eight phenolic acids and ascorbic acid. 25308654 8 34 theme star 1290:1293 arg1 pomace 1301:1306 star fruit pomace 1290:1306 star fruit pomace 1290:1306 The obtained optimised model could be used for polyphenol extraction from star fruit pomace and microencapsulates can be incorporated in different food systems to enhance their antioxidant property. 25308654 3 35 with temperature 311:321 arg1 levels 365:370 5 levels (-1.414, -1, 0, +1 and +1.414) 363:401 5 levels (-1.414, -1, 0, +1 and +1.414) 363:401 temperature (°C) and ethanol concentration (%) with 5 levels (-1.414, -1, 0, +1 and +1.414) were used to design the optimisation model using central composite rotatable design where, -1.414 and +1.414 refer to axial values, -1 and +1 mean factorial points and 0 refers to centre point of the design. 25308654 0 36 theme extraction 25:34 arg1 Optimisation 0:11 Optimisation 0:11 Optimisation of phenolic extraction from Averrhoa carambola 0:58 Optimisation of phenolic extraction from Averrhoa carambola pomace by response surface methodology and its microencapsulation by spray and freeze drying. 25308654 8 37 used used 1254:1257 arg2 model 1239:1243 The obtained optimised model 1216:1243 The obtained optimised model 1216:1243 The obtained optimised model could be used for polyphenol extraction from star fruit pomace and microencapsulates can be incorporated in different food systems to enhance their antioxidant property. 25308654 4 38 theme scavenging 838:847 arg1 activity 849:856 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity 808:856 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity 808:856 The two variables, temperature of 40°C and ethanol concentration of 65% were the optimised conditions for the response variables of total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity. 25308654 4 39 theme 40°C 645:648 arg1 conditions 702:711 the optimised conditions 688:711 the optimised conditions for the response variables of total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity 688:856 The two variables, temperature of 40°C and ethanol concentration of 65% were the optimised conditions for the response variables of total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity. 25308654 4 39 theme 40°C 645:648 arg1 concentration 662:674 ethanol concentration 654:674 ethanol concentration of 65% 654:681 The two variables, temperature of 40°C and ethanol concentration of 65% were the optimised conditions for the response variables of total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity. 25308654 4 39 theme 40°C 645:648 arg1 temperature 630:640 temperature 630:640 temperature of 40°C 630:648 The two variables, temperature of 40°C and ethanol concentration of 65% were the optimised conditions for the response variables of total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity. 25308654 4 39 theme 40°C 645:648 arg1 variables 619:627 The two variables 611:627 The two variables 611:627 The two variables, temperature of 40°C and ethanol concentration of 65% were the optimised conditions for the response variables of total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity. 25308654 1 40 theme star 201:204 arg1 pomace 233:238 star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) pomace 201:238 star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) pomace using response surface methodology 201:273 Optimised of the extraction of polyphenol from star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) pomace using response surface methodology was carried out. 25308654 0 41 theme phenolic 16:23 arg1 extraction 25:34 phenolic extraction 16:34 phenolic extraction from Averrhoa carambola 16:58 Optimisation of phenolic extraction from Averrhoa carambola pomace by response surface methodology and its microencapsulation by spray and freeze drying. 25308654 4 42 theme 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl 808:836 arg1 activity 849:856 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity 808:856 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity 808:856 The two variables, temperature of 40°C and ethanol concentration of 65% were the optimised conditions for the response variables of total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity. 25308654 6 43 theme different 1105:1113 arg1 concentrations 1115:1128 three different concentrations 1099:1128 three different concentrations 1099:1128 The extract was then encapsulated with maltodextrin (⩽ DE 20) by spray and freeze drying methods at three different concentrations. 25308654 5 44 theme pressure 882:889 arg1 chromatography 898:911 reverse phase-high pressure liquid chromatography 863:911 The reverse phase-high pressure liquid chromatography chromatogram of the polyphenol extract 859:950 The reverse phase-high pressure liquid chromatography chromatogram of the polyphenol extract showed eight phenolic acids and ascorbic acid. 25308654 1 45 theme fruit 206:210 arg1 pomace 233:238 star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) pomace 201:238 star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) pomace using response surface methodology 201:273 Optimised of the extraction of polyphenol from star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) pomace using response surface methodology was carried out. 25308654 0 46 theme Averrhoa 41:48 arg1 carambola 50:58 Averrhoa carambola 41:58 Averrhoa carambola 41:58 Optimisation of phenolic extraction from Averrhoa carambola pomace by response surface methodology and its microencapsulation by spray and freeze drying. 25308654 5 47 theme liquid 891:896 arg1 chromatography 898:911 reverse phase-high pressure liquid chromatography 863:911 The reverse phase-high pressure liquid chromatography chromatogram of the polyphenol extract 859:950 The reverse phase-high pressure liquid chromatography chromatogram of the polyphenol extract showed eight phenolic acids and ascorbic acid. 25308654 3 48 theme axial 521:525 arg1 values 527:532 axial values 521:532 axial values 521:532 temperature (°C) and ethanol concentration (%) with 5 levels (-1.414, -1, 0, +1 and +1.414) were used to design the optimisation model using central composite rotatable design where, -1.414 and +1.414 refer to axial values, -1 and +1 mean factorial points and 0 refers to centre point of the design. 25308654 0 49 theme freeze 139:144 arg1 drying 146:151 freeze drying 139:151 freeze drying 139:151 Optimisation of phenolic extraction from Averrhoa carambola pomace by response surface methodology and its microencapsulation by spray and freeze drying. 25308654 3 50 theme mean 545:548 arg1 points 560:565 +1 mean factorial points 542:565 +1 mean factorial points 542:565 temperature (°C) and ethanol concentration (%) with 5 levels (-1.414, -1, 0, +1 and +1.414) were used to design the optimisation model using central composite rotatable design where, -1.414 and +1.414 refer to axial values, -1 and +1 mean factorial points and 0 refers to centre point of the design. 25308654 3 51 used used 408:411 arg2 temperature 311:321 temperature 311:321 temperature (°C) 311:326 temperature (°C) and ethanol concentration (%) with 5 levels (-1.414, -1, 0, +1 and +1.414) were used to design the optimisation model using central composite rotatable design where, -1.414 and +1.414 refer to axial values, -1 and +1 mean factorial points and 0 refers to centre point of the design. 25308654 3 51 used used 408:411 arg2 % 355:355 % 355:355 % 355:355 temperature (°C) and ethanol concentration (%) with 5 levels (-1.414, -1, 0, +1 and +1.414) were used to design the optimisation model using central composite rotatable design where, -1.414 and +1.414 refer to axial values, -1 and +1 mean factorial points and 0 refers to centre point of the design. 25308654 3 51 used used 408:411 arg2 concentration 340:352 ethanol concentration 332:352 ethanol concentration (%) with 5 levels (-1.414, -1, 0, +1 and +1.414) 332:401 temperature (°C) and ethanol concentration (%) with 5 levels (-1.414, -1, 0, +1 and +1.414) were used to design the optimisation model using central composite rotatable design where, -1.414 and +1.414 refer to axial values, -1 and +1 mean factorial points and 0 refers to centre point of the design. 25308654 3 51 used used 408:411 arg2 °C 324:325 °C 324:325 °C 324:325 temperature (°C) and ethanol concentration (%) with 5 levels (-1.414, -1, 0, +1 and +1.414) were used to design the optimisation model using central composite rotatable design where, -1.414 and +1.414 refer to axial values, -1 and +1 mean factorial points and 0 refers to centre point of the design. 25308654 1 52 theme Averrhoa 213:220 arg1 pomace 233:238 star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) pomace 201:238 star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) pomace using response surface methodology 201:273 Optimised of the extraction of polyphenol from star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) pomace using response surface methodology was carried out. 25308654 8 53 theme obtained 1220:1227 arg1 model 1239:1243 The obtained optimised model 1216:1243 The obtained optimised model 1216:1243 The obtained optimised model could be used for polyphenol extraction from star fruit pomace and microencapsulates can be incorporated in different food systems to enhance their antioxidant property. 25308654 1 54 from pomace 233:238 arg1 extraction 171:180 the extraction 167:180 the extraction of polyphenol from star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) pomace using response surface methodology 167:273 Optimised of the extraction of polyphenol from star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) pomace using response surface methodology was carried out. 25308654 3 55 theme factorial 550:558 arg1 points 560:565 +1 mean factorial points 542:565 +1 mean factorial points 542:565 temperature (°C) and ethanol concentration (%) with 5 levels (-1.414, -1, 0, +1 and +1.414) were used to design the optimisation model using central composite rotatable design where, -1.414 and +1.414 refer to axial values, -1 and +1 mean factorial points and 0 refers to centre point of the design. 25308654 8 56 theme fruit 1295:1299 arg1 pomace 1301:1306 star fruit pomace 1290:1306 star fruit pomace 1290:1306 The obtained optimised model could be used for polyphenol extraction from star fruit pomace and microencapsulates can be incorporated in different food systems to enhance their antioxidant property. 25308654 2 57 dep viz 306:308 arg1 variables 296:304 Two variables 292:304 Two variables 292:304 Two variables viz. 25308654 4 58 theme activity 849:856 arg1 variables 730:738 the response variables 717:738 the response variables of total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity 717:856 The two variables, temperature of 40°C and ethanol concentration of 65% were the optimised conditions for the response variables of total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity. 25308654 4 59 theme reducing 774:781 arg1 capacity 795:802 ferric reducing antioxidant capacity 767:802 ferric reducing antioxidant capacity 767:802 The two variables, temperature of 40°C and ethanol concentration of 65% were the optimised conditions for the response variables of total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity. 25308654 5 60 theme ascorbic 984:991 arg1 acid 993:996 ascorbic acid 984:996 ascorbic acid 984:996 The reverse phase-high pressure liquid chromatography chromatogram of the polyphenol extract showed eight phenolic acids and ascorbic acid. 25308654 4 61 theme optimised 692:700 arg1 conditions 702:711 the optimised conditions 688:711 the optimised conditions for the response variables of total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity 688:856 The two variables, temperature of 40°C and ethanol concentration of 65% were the optimised conditions for the response variables of total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity. 25308654 4 61 theme optimised 692:700 arg1 concentration 662:674 ethanol concentration 654:674 ethanol concentration of 65% 654:681 The two variables, temperature of 40°C and ethanol concentration of 65% were the optimised conditions for the response variables of total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity. 25308654 4 61 theme optimised 692:700 arg1 temperature 630:640 temperature 630:640 temperature of 40°C 630:648 The two variables, temperature of 40°C and ethanol concentration of 65% were the optimised conditions for the response variables of total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity. 25308654 4 61 theme optimised 692:700 arg1 variables 619:627 The two variables 611:627 The two variables 611:627 The two variables, temperature of 40°C and ethanol concentration of 65% were the optimised conditions for the response variables of total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity. 25308654 3 62 theme centre 583:588 arg1 point 590:594 centre point 583:594 centre point of the design 583:608 temperature (°C) and ethanol concentration (%) with 5 levels (-1.414, -1, 0, +1 and +1.414) were used to design the optimisation model using central composite rotatable design where, -1.414 and +1.414 refer to axial values, -1 and +1 mean factorial points and 0 refers to centre point of the design. 25308654 4 63 theme % 681:681 arg1 conditions 702:711 the optimised conditions 688:711 the optimised conditions for the response variables of total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity 688:856 The two variables, temperature of 40°C and ethanol concentration of 65% were the optimised conditions for the response variables of total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity. 25308654 4 63 theme % 681:681 arg1 concentration 662:674 ethanol concentration 654:674 ethanol concentration of 65% 654:681 The two variables, temperature of 40°C and ethanol concentration of 65% were the optimised conditions for the response variables of total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity. 25308654 4 63 theme % 681:681 arg1 temperature 630:640 temperature 630:640 temperature of 40°C 630:648 The two variables, temperature of 40°C and ethanol concentration of 65% were the optimised conditions for the response variables of total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity. 25308654 4 63 theme % 681:681 arg1 variables 619:627 The two variables 611:627 The two variables 611:627 The two variables, temperature of 40°C and ethanol concentration of 65% were the optimised conditions for the response variables of total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity. 25308654 3 64 with concentration 340:352 arg1 levels 365:370 5 levels (-1.414, -1, 0, +1 and +1.414) 363:401 5 levels (-1.414, -1, 0, +1 and +1.414) 363:401 temperature (°C) and ethanol concentration (%) with 5 levels (-1.414, -1, 0, +1 and +1.414) were used to design the optimisation model using central composite rotatable design where, -1.414 and +1.414 refer to axial values, -1 and +1 mean factorial points and 0 refers to centre point of the design. 25308654 5 65 theme phase-high 871:880 arg1 chromatography 898:911 reverse phase-high pressure liquid chromatography 863:911 The reverse phase-high pressure liquid chromatography chromatogram of the polyphenol extract 859:950 The reverse phase-high pressure liquid chromatography chromatogram of the polyphenol extract showed eight phenolic acids and ascorbic acid. 25308654 1 66 theme carambola 222:230 arg1 pomace 233:238 star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) pomace 201:238 star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) pomace using response surface methodology 201:273 Optimised of the extraction of polyphenol from star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) pomace using response surface methodology was carried out. 25308654 4 67 theme capacity 795:802 arg1 variables 730:738 the response variables 717:738 the response variables of total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity 717:856 The two variables, temperature of 40°C and ethanol concentration of 65% were the optimised conditions for the response variables of total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity. 25308654 5 68 theme polyphenol 933:942 arg1 extract 944:950 the polyphenol extract 929:950 the polyphenol extract 929:950 The reverse phase-high pressure liquid chromatography chromatogram of the polyphenol extract showed eight phenolic acids and ascorbic acid. 25308654 8 69 theme optimised 1229:1237 arg1 model 1239:1243 The obtained optimised model 1216:1243 The obtained optimised model 1216:1243 The obtained optimised model could be used for polyphenol extraction from star fruit pomace and microencapsulates can be incorporated in different food systems to enhance their antioxidant property. 25308654 8 70 theme polyphenol 1263:1272 arg1 extraction 1274:1283 polyphenol extraction 1263:1283 polyphenol extraction from star fruit pomace 1263:1306 The obtained optimised model could be used for polyphenol extraction from star fruit pomace and microencapsulates can be incorporated in different food systems to enhance their antioxidant property. 25308654 0 71 theme response 70:77 arg1 methodology 87:97 response surface methodology 70:97 response surface methodology 70:97 Optimisation of phenolic extraction from Averrhoa carambola pomace by response surface methodology and its microencapsulation by spray and freeze drying. 25308654 5 72 theme extract 944:950 arg1 chromatogram 913:924 The reverse phase-high pressure liquid chromatography chromatogram 859:924 The reverse phase-high pressure liquid chromatography chromatogram of the polyphenol extract 859:950 The reverse phase-high pressure liquid chromatography chromatogram of the polyphenol extract showed eight phenolic acids and ascorbic acid. 25308654 6 73 theme ⩽ 1052:1052 arg1 maltodextrin 1038:1049 maltodextrin 1038:1049 maltodextrin (⩽ DE 20) 1038:1059 The extract was then encapsulated with maltodextrin (⩽ DE 20) by spray and freeze drying methods at three different concentrations. 25308654 6 73 theme ⩽ 1052:1052 arg1 DE 1054:1055 ⩽ DE 20 1052:1058 ⩽ DE 20 1052:1058 The extract was then encapsulated with maltodextrin (⩽ DE 20) by spray and freeze drying methods at three different concentrations. 25308654 3 74 theme central 452:458 arg1 design 480:485 central composite rotatable design 452:485 central composite rotatable design 452:485 temperature (°C) and ethanol concentration (%) with 5 levels (-1.414, -1, 0, +1 and +1.414) were used to design the optimisation model using central composite rotatable design where, -1.414 and +1.414 refer to axial values, -1 and +1 mean factorial points and 0 refers to centre point of the design. 25308654 7 75 theme freeze 1180:1185 arg1 encapsulates 1193:1204 freeze dried encapsulates 1180:1204 freeze dried encapsulates (78-97%) 1180:1213 Highest encapsulating efficiency was obtained in freeze dried encapsulates (78-97%). 25308654 7 75 theme freeze 1180:1185 arg1 % 1212:1212 78-97% 1207:1212 78-97% 1207:1212 Highest encapsulating efficiency was obtained in freeze dried encapsulates (78-97%). 27516282 8 0 theme hydrophobic 1075:1085 arg1 surface 1087:1093 a hydrophobic surface 1073:1093 a hydrophobic surface for both cases of amylose content 1073:1127 Wettability analysis by contact angle measurements showed that plasticizer promoted the hydrophilicity of the film, whereas MMT promoted a hydrophobic surface for both cases of amylose content. 27516282 8 1 theme angle 968:972 arg1 measurements 974:985 contact angle measurements 960:985 contact angle measurements 960:985 Wettability analysis by contact angle measurements showed that plasticizer promoted the hydrophilicity of the film, whereas MMT promoted a hydrophobic surface for both cases of amylose content. 27516282 8 2 theme Wettability 936:946 arg1 analysis 948:955 Wettability analysis 936:955 Wettability analysis by contact angle measurements 936:985 Wettability analysis by contact angle measurements showed that plasticizer promoted the hydrophilicity of the film, whereas MMT promoted a hydrophobic surface for both cases of amylose content. 27516282 8 3 theme contact 960:966 arg1 measurements 974:985 contact angle measurements 960:985 contact angle measurements 960:985 Wettability analysis by contact angle measurements showed that plasticizer promoted the hydrophilicity of the film, whereas MMT promoted a hydrophobic surface for both cases of amylose content. 27516282 7 4 theme higher 896:901 arg1 rate 915:918 a higher degradation rate 894:918 a higher degradation rate than method M2 894:933 TGA showed that method M1 induced a higher degradation rate than method M2. 27516282 1 5 theme preparation 170:180 arg1 sequence 182:189 the preparation sequence 166:189 the preparation sequence 166:189 The effects of the amylose content and the preparation sequence in physicochemical properties of starch/montmorillonite (MMT) composites were studied in this work. 27516282 0 6 theme composites 115:124 arg1 properties 78:87 physicochemical properties 62:87 physicochemical properties of starch/montmorillonite composites 62:124 Effect of amylose content and nanoclay incorporation order in physicochemical properties of starch/montmorillonite composites. 27516282 0 7 from Effect 0:5 arg1 properties 78:87 physicochemical properties 62:87 physicochemical properties of starch/montmorillonite composites 62:124 Effect of amylose content and nanoclay incorporation order in physicochemical properties of starch/montmorillonite composites. 27516282 7 8 theme degradation 903:913 arg1 rate 915:918 a higher degradation rate 894:918 a higher degradation rate than method M2 894:933 TGA showed that method M1 induced a higher degradation rate than method M2. 27516282 3 9 theme former 479:484 arg1 effects 464:470 the effects 460:470 the effects of the former as plasticizer and the latter as reinforcer 460:528 Glycerol and MMT were used as additives to evaluate the effects of the former as plasticizer and the latter as reinforcer. 27516282 0 10 theme starch/montmorillonite 92:113 arg1 composites 115:124 starch/montmorillonite composites 92:124 starch/montmorillonite composites 92:124 Effect of amylose content and nanoclay incorporation order in physicochemical properties of starch/montmorillonite composites. 27516282 3 11 theme latter 509:514 arg1 effects 464:470 the effects 460:470 the effects of the former as plasticizer and the latter as reinforcer 460:528 Glycerol and MMT were used as additives to evaluate the effects of the former as plasticizer and the latter as reinforcer. 27516282 1 12 theme amylose 146:152 arg1 content 154:160 the amylose content 142:160 the amylose content 142:160 The effects of the amylose content and the preparation sequence in physicochemical properties of starch/montmorillonite (MMT) composites were studied in this work. 27516282 8 13 theme amylose 1113:1119 arg1 content 1121:1127 amylose content 1113:1127 amylose content 1113:1127 Wettability analysis by contact angle measurements showed that plasticizer promoted the hydrophilicity of the film, whereas MMT promoted a hydrophobic surface for both cases of amylose content. 27516282 6 14 theme active 830:835 arg1 sites 837:841 active sites 830:841 active sites for interaction 830:857 Sorption isotherms indicated that method M2 favoured water adsorption and method M1 reduced water adsorption due to competition for active sites for interaction. 27516282 2 15 theme amylose 391:397 arg1 content 399:405 amylose content 391:405 amylose content 391:405 Native (30%) and high amylose Hylon VII (70%) starches were considered for assessing the effects of amylose content. 27516282 1 16 theme sequence 182:189 arg1 effects 131:137 The effects 127:137 The effects of the amylose content and the preparation sequence in physicochemical properties of starch/montmorillonite (MMT) composites 127:262 The effects of the amylose content and the preparation sequence in physicochemical properties of starch/montmorillonite (MMT) composites were studied in this work. 27516282 6 17 theme method 732:737 arg1 M2 739:740 method M2 732:740 method M2 732:740 Sorption isotherms indicated that method M2 favoured water adsorption and method M1 reduced water adsorption due to competition for active sites for interaction. 27516282 5 18 theme amylose 681:687 arg1 content 689:695 amylose content 681:695 amylose content 681:695 FTIR studies indicated that water bonding was affected by amylose content. 27516282 2 19 theme amylose 313:319 arg1 VII 327:329 high amylose Hylon VII 308:329 high amylose Hylon VII (70%) 308:335 Native (30%) and high amylose Hylon VII (70%) starches were considered for assessing the effects of amylose content. 27516282 2 19 theme amylose 313:319 arg1 % 334:334 70% 332:334 70% 332:334 Native (30%) and high amylose Hylon VII (70%) starches were considered for assessing the effects of amylose content. 27516282 1 20 theme physicochemical 194:208 arg1 properties 210:219 physicochemical properties 194:219 physicochemical properties of starch/montmorillonite (MMT) composites 194:262 The effects of the amylose content and the preparation sequence in physicochemical properties of starch/montmorillonite (MMT) composites were studied in this work. 27516282 8 21 theme content 1121:1127 arg1 cases 1104:1108 both cases 1099:1108 both cases of amylose content 1099:1127 Wettability analysis by contact angle measurements showed that plasticizer promoted the hydrophilicity of the film, whereas MMT promoted a hydrophobic surface for both cases of amylose content. 27516282 1 22 from effects 131:137 arg1 properties 210:219 physicochemical properties 194:219 physicochemical properties of starch/montmorillonite (MMT) composites 194:262 The effects of the amylose content and the preparation sequence in physicochemical properties of starch/montmorillonite (MMT) composites were studied in this work. 27516282 2 23 theme high 308:311 arg1 VII 327:329 high amylose Hylon VII 308:329 high amylose Hylon VII (70%) 308:335 Native (30%) and high amylose Hylon VII (70%) starches were considered for assessing the effects of amylose content. 27516282 2 23 theme high 308:311 arg1 % 334:334 70% 332:334 70% 332:334 Native (30%) and high amylose Hylon VII (70%) starches were considered for assessing the effects of amylose content. 27516282 0 24 theme content 18:24 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of amylose content and nanoclay incorporation order in physicochemical properties of starch/montmorillonite composites. 0:125 Effect of amylose content and nanoclay incorporation order in physicochemical properties of starch/montmorillonite composites. 27516282 2 25 theme content 399:405 arg1 effects 380:386 the effects 376:386 the effects of amylose content 376:405 Native (30%) and high amylose Hylon VII (70%) starches were considered for assessing the effects of amylose content. 27516282 0 26 theme amylose 10:16 arg1 content 18:24 amylose content 10:24 amylose content 10:24 Effect of amylose content and nanoclay incorporation order in physicochemical properties of starch/montmorillonite composites. 27516282 1 27 theme starch/montmorillonite 224:245 arg1 composites 253:262 starch/montmorillonite (MMT) composites 224:262 starch/montmorillonite (MMT) composites 224:262 The effects of the amylose content and the preparation sequence in physicochemical properties of starch/montmorillonite (MMT) composites were studied in this work. 27516282 0 28 theme nanoclay 30:37 arg1 order 53:57 nanoclay incorporation order 30:57 nanoclay incorporation order 30:57 Effect of amylose content and nanoclay incorporation order in physicochemical properties of starch/montmorillonite composites. 27516282 8 29 theme film 1046:1049 arg1 hydrophilicity 1024:1037 the hydrophilicity 1020:1037 the hydrophilicity of the film 1020:1049 Wettability analysis by contact angle measurements showed that plasticizer promoted the hydrophilicity of the film, whereas MMT promoted a hydrophobic surface for both cases of amylose content. 27516282 6 30 theme due 807:809 arg1 adsorption 796:805 water adsorption 790:805 water adsorption due to competition for active sites for interaction 790:857 Sorption isotherms indicated that method M2 favoured water adsorption and method M1 reduced water adsorption due to competition for active sites for interaction. 27516282 4 31 theme Method 591:596 arg1 M2 598:599 Method M2 591:599 Method M2 591:599 The glycerol was incorporated before (Method M1) and after (Method M2) the addition of MMT. 27516282 4 31 theme Method 591:596 arg1 addition 606:613 the addition 602:613 (Method M2) the addition of MMT 590:620 The glycerol was incorporated before (Method M1) and after (Method M2) the addition of MMT. 27516282 4 32 theme MMT 618:620 arg1 M1 576:577 Method M1 569:577 Method M1 569:577 The glycerol was incorporated before (Method M1) and after (Method M2) the addition of MMT. 27516282 4 32 theme MMT 618:620 arg1 M2 598:599 Method M2 591:599 Method M2 591:599 The glycerol was incorporated before (Method M1) and after (Method M2) the addition of MMT. 27516282 4 32 theme MMT 618:620 arg1 addition 606:613 the addition 602:613 (Method M2) the addition of MMT 590:620 The glycerol was incorporated before (Method M1) and after (Method M2) the addition of MMT. 27516282 5 33 theme water 651:655 arg1 bonding 657:663 water bonding 651:663 water bonding 651:663 FTIR studies indicated that water bonding was affected by amylose content. 27516282 6 34 theme Sorption 698:705 arg1 isotherms 707:715 Sorption isotherms 698:715 Sorption isotherms 698:715 Sorption isotherms indicated that method M2 favoured water adsorption and method M1 reduced water adsorption due to competition for active sites for interaction. 27516282 1 35 theme MMT 248:250 arg1 composites 253:262 starch/montmorillonite (MMT) composites 224:262 starch/montmorillonite (MMT) composites 224:262 The effects of the amylose content and the preparation sequence in physicochemical properties of starch/montmorillonite (MMT) composites were studied in this work. 27516282 0 36 theme order 53:57 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of amylose content and nanoclay incorporation order in physicochemical properties of starch/montmorillonite composites. 0:125 Effect of amylose content and nanoclay incorporation order in physicochemical properties of starch/montmorillonite composites. 27516282 6 37 theme water 790:794 arg1 adsorption 796:805 water adsorption 790:805 water adsorption due to competition for active sites for interaction 790:857 Sorption isotherms indicated that method M2 favoured water adsorption and method M1 reduced water adsorption due to competition for active sites for interaction. 27516282 0 38 theme incorporation 39:51 arg1 order 53:57 nanoclay incorporation order 30:57 nanoclay incorporation order 30:57 Effect of amylose content and nanoclay incorporation order in physicochemical properties of starch/montmorillonite composites. 27516282 7 39 theme method 876:881 arg1 M1 883:884 method M1 876:884 method M1 876:884 TGA showed that method M1 induced a higher degradation rate than method M2. 27516282 6 40 theme water 751:755 arg1 adsorption 757:766 water adsorption 751:766 water adsorption 751:766 Sorption isotherms indicated that method M2 favoured water adsorption and method M1 reduced water adsorption due to competition for active sites for interaction. 27516282 4 41 theme Method 569:574 arg1 M1 576:577 Method M1 569:577 Method M1 569:577 The glycerol was incorporated before (Method M1) and after (Method M2) the addition of MMT. 27516282 5 42 theme FTIR 623:626 arg1 studies 628:634 FTIR studies 623:634 FTIR studies 623:634 FTIR studies indicated that water bonding was affected by amylose content. 27516282 6 43 theme method 772:777 arg1 M1 779:780 method M1 772:780 method M1 772:780 Sorption isotherms indicated that method M2 favoured water adsorption and method M1 reduced water adsorption due to competition for active sites for interaction. 27516282 7 44 theme method 925:930 arg1 M2 932:933 method M2 925:933 method M2 925:933 TGA showed that method M1 induced a higher degradation rate than method M2. 27516282 2 45 theme Hylon 321:325 arg1 VII 327:329 high amylose Hylon VII 308:329 high amylose Hylon VII (70%) 308:335 Native (30%) and high amylose Hylon VII (70%) starches were considered for assessing the effects of amylose content. 27516282 2 45 theme Hylon 321:325 arg1 % 334:334 70% 332:334 70% 332:334 Native (30%) and high amylose Hylon VII (70%) starches were considered for assessing the effects of amylose content. 27516282 1 46 theme composites 253:262 arg1 properties 210:219 physicochemical properties 194:219 physicochemical properties of starch/montmorillonite (MMT) composites 194:262 The effects of the amylose content and the preparation sequence in physicochemical properties of starch/montmorillonite (MMT) composites were studied in this work. 27516282 0 47 theme physicochemical 62:76 arg1 properties 78:87 physicochemical properties 62:87 physicochemical properties of starch/montmorillonite composites 62:124 Effect of amylose content and nanoclay incorporation order in physicochemical properties of starch/montmorillonite composites. 27516282 1 48 theme content 154:160 arg1 effects 131:137 The effects 127:137 The effects of the amylose content and the preparation sequence in physicochemical properties of starch/montmorillonite (MMT) composites 127:262 The effects of the amylose content and the preparation sequence in physicochemical properties of starch/montmorillonite (MMT) composites were studied in this work. 27516282 2 49 dep Native 291:296 arg1 starches 337:344 starches 337:344 starches 337:344 Native (30%) and high amylose Hylon VII (70%) starches were considered for assessing the effects of amylose content. 27516282 3 50 used used 430:433 arg2 additives 438:446 additives 438:446 additives 438:446 Glycerol and MMT were used as additives to evaluate the effects of the former as plasticizer and the latter as reinforcer. 27516282 3 50 used used 430:433 arg2 MMT 421:423 MMT 421:423 MMT 421:423 Glycerol and MMT were used as additives to evaluate the effects of the former as plasticizer and the latter as reinforcer. 27516282 3 50 used used 430:433 arg2 Glycerol 408:415 Glycerol 408:415 Glycerol 408:415 Glycerol and MMT were used as additives to evaluate the effects of the former as plasticizer and the latter as reinforcer. 27516257 3 0 theme natural 319:325 arg1 matrix 341:346 the natural extracellular matrix 315:346 the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) as close as possible both in terms of chemical composition and mechanical properties 315:437 Ideally, this scaffold should resemble the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) as close as possible both in terms of chemical composition and mechanical properties. 27516257 3 0 theme natural 319:325 arg1 ECM 349:351 ECM 349:351 ECM 349:351 Ideally, this scaffold should resemble the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) as close as possible both in terms of chemical composition and mechanical properties. 27516257 7 1 with films 935:939 arg1 starch 995:1000 starch 995:1000 starch 995:1000 Pure gelatin hydrogels films as well as interpenetrating networks with gelatin and starch were developed. 27516257 7 1 with films 935:939 arg1 gelatin 983:989 gelatin 983:989 gelatin 983:989 Pure gelatin hydrogels films as well as interpenetrating networks with gelatin and starch were developed. 27516257 9 2 theme hydrogel 1322:1329 arg1 films 1331:1335 the developed hydrogel films 1308:1335 the developed hydrogel films 1308:1335 The results indicate that both the mechanical properties and the swelling extent of the developed hydrogel films can be controlled by varying the chemical composition and the degree of substitution of the methacrylamide-modified gelatin applied. 27516257 9 3 theme gelatin 1453:1459 arg1 substitution 1409:1420 substitution 1409:1420 substitution of the methacrylamide-modified gelatin applied 1409:1467 The results indicate that both the mechanical properties and the swelling extent of the developed hydrogel films can be controlled by varying the chemical composition and the degree of substitution of the methacrylamide-modified gelatin applied. 27516257 3 4 theme extracellular 327:339 arg1 matrix 341:346 the natural extracellular matrix 315:346 the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) as close as possible both in terms of chemical composition and mechanical properties 315:437 Ideally, this scaffold should resemble the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) as close as possible both in terms of chemical composition and mechanical properties. 27516257 3 4 theme extracellular 327:339 arg1 ECM 349:351 ECM 349:351 ECM 349:351 Ideally, this scaffold should resemble the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) as close as possible both in terms of chemical composition and mechanical properties. 27516257 4 5 theme starch-pentenoate 531:547 arg1 gelatin 519:525 gelatin 519:525 gelatin 519:525 Therefore, hydrogel films were developed consisting of methacrylamide-modified gelatin and starch-pentenoate building blocks because the ECM can be considered as a crosslinked hydrogel network consisting of both polysaccharides and structural, signaling and cell-adhesive proteins. 27516257 4 5 theme starch-pentenoate 531:547 arg1 blocks 558:563 methacrylamide-modified gelatin and starch-pentenoate building blocks 495:563 blocks 558:563 Therefore, hydrogel films were developed consisting of methacrylamide-modified gelatin and starch-pentenoate building blocks because the ECM can be considered as a crosslinked hydrogel network consisting of both polysaccharides and structural, signaling and cell-adhesive proteins. 27516257 4 5 theme starch-pentenoate 531:547 arg1 network 625:631 a crosslinked hydrogel network 602:631 a crosslinked hydrogel network consisting of both polysaccharides and structural, signaling and cell-adhesive proteins 602:719 Therefore, hydrogel films were developed consisting of methacrylamide-modified gelatin and starch-pentenoate building blocks because the ECM can be considered as a crosslinked hydrogel network consisting of both polysaccharides and structural, signaling and cell-adhesive proteins. 27516257 3 6 dep possible 366:373 arg1 both 375:378 both 375:378 both 375:378 Ideally, this scaffold should resemble the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) as close as possible both in terms of chemical composition and mechanical properties. 27516257 6 7 theme substitution 831:842 arg1 degree 844:849 A substitution degree 829:849 A substitution degree of 32% 829:856 A substitution degree of 32% was applied for the starch-pentenoate building block. 27516257 9 8 theme mechanical 1259:1268 arg1 properties 1270:1279 the mechanical properties 1255:1279 the mechanical properties 1255:1279 The results indicate that both the mechanical properties and the swelling extent of the developed hydrogel films can be controlled by varying the chemical composition and the degree of substitution of the methacrylamide-modified gelatin applied. 27516257 12 9 theme aggrecan 1731:1738 arg1 affinity 1719:1726 the affinity 1715:1726 the affinity of aggrecan for gelatin 1715:1750 Furthermore, we evaluated the affinity of aggrecan for gelatin by atomic force microscopy and radiolabeling experiments. 27516257 9 10 theme methacrylamide-modified 1429:1451 arg1 gelatin 1453:1459 the methacrylamide-modified gelatin 1425:1459 the methacrylamide-modified gelatin applied 1425:1467 The results indicate that both the mechanical properties and the swelling extent of the developed hydrogel films can be controlled by varying the chemical composition and the degree of substitution of the methacrylamide-modified gelatin applied. 27516257 5 11 theme substitution 765:776 arg1 degrees 778:784 three different substitution degrees 749:784 three different substitution degrees 749:784 For the gelatin hydrogels, three different substitution degrees were evaluated including 31%, 72% and 95%. 27516257 2 12 theme regeneration 250:261 arg1 application 263:273 the targeted tissue regeneration application 230:273 the targeted tissue regeneration application 230:273 The present work aims at constructing the ideal scaffold matrix of which the physico-chemical properties can be altered according to the targeted tissue regeneration application. 27516257 8 13 theme gel 1069:1071 arg1 angle 1130:1134 high resolution-magic angle 1108:1134 high resolution-magic angle spinning (1)H NMR spectroscopy, rheology, infrared mapping and atomic force microscopy 1108:1221 Subsequently, these films were characterized using gel fraction and swelling experiments, high resolution-magic angle spinning (1)H NMR spectroscopy, rheology, infrared mapping and atomic force microscopy. 27516257 8 13 theme gel 1069:1071 arg1 fraction 1073:1080 gel fraction 1069:1080 gel fraction 1069:1080 Subsequently, these films were characterized using gel fraction and swelling experiments, high resolution-magic angle spinning (1)H NMR spectroscopy, rheology, infrared mapping and atomic force microscopy. 27516257 14 14 theme promising 2050:2058 arg1 candidates 2060:2069 promising candidates 2050:2069 promising candidates for tissue engineering approaches 2050:2103 Thus, we achieved distinct fine-tuning of the physico-chemical properties of these hydrogels which render them promising candidates for tissue engineering approaches. 27516257 1 15 theme Hydrogel 45:52 arg1 development 54:64 Hydrogel development 45:64 Hydrogel development 45:64 Part A: Hydrogel development, characterization and coating. 27516257 4 16 theme hydrogel 616:623 arg1 gelatin 519:525 gelatin 519:525 gelatin 519:525 Therefore, hydrogel films were developed consisting of methacrylamide-modified gelatin and starch-pentenoate building blocks because the ECM can be considered as a crosslinked hydrogel network consisting of both polysaccharides and structural, signaling and cell-adhesive proteins. 27516257 4 16 theme hydrogel 616:623 arg1 blocks 558:563 methacrylamide-modified gelatin and starch-pentenoate building blocks 495:563 blocks 558:563 Therefore, hydrogel films were developed consisting of methacrylamide-modified gelatin and starch-pentenoate building blocks because the ECM can be considered as a crosslinked hydrogel network consisting of both polysaccharides and structural, signaling and cell-adhesive proteins. 27516257 4 16 theme hydrogel 616:623 arg1 network 625:631 a crosslinked hydrogel network 602:631 a crosslinked hydrogel network consisting of both polysaccharides and structural, signaling and cell-adhesive proteins 602:719 Therefore, hydrogel films were developed consisting of methacrylamide-modified gelatin and starch-pentenoate building blocks because the ECM can be considered as a crosslinked hydrogel network consisting of both polysaccharides and structural, signaling and cell-adhesive proteins. 27516257 11 17 from located 1646:1652 arg1 matrix 1681:1686 the surrounding gelatin matrix 1657:1686 the surrounding gelatin matrix 1657:1686 Phase separation was observed for the IPNs for which separated starch domains could be distinguished located in the surrounding gelatin matrix. 27516257 2 18 theme scaffold 145:152 arg1 matrix 154:159 the ideal scaffold matrix 135:159 the ideal scaffold matrix of which the physico-chemical properties can be altered according to the targeted tissue regeneration application 135:273 The present work aims at constructing the ideal scaffold matrix of which the physico-chemical properties can be altered according to the targeted tissue regeneration application. 27516257 14 19 theme engineering 2082:2092 arg1 approaches 2094:2103 tissue engineering approaches 2075:2103 tissue engineering approaches 2075:2103 Thus, we achieved distinct fine-tuning of the physico-chemical properties of these hydrogels which render them promising candidates for tissue engineering approaches. 27516257 12 20 theme atomic 1755:1760 arg1 microscopy 1768:1777 atomic force microscopy 1755:1777 atomic force microscopy 1755:1777 Furthermore, we evaluated the affinity of aggrecan for gelatin by atomic force microscopy and radiolabeling experiments. 27516257 4 21 theme crosslinked 604:614 arg1 gelatin 519:525 gelatin 519:525 gelatin 519:525 Therefore, hydrogel films were developed consisting of methacrylamide-modified gelatin and starch-pentenoate building blocks because the ECM can be considered as a crosslinked hydrogel network consisting of both polysaccharides and structural, signaling and cell-adhesive proteins. 27516257 4 21 theme crosslinked 604:614 arg1 blocks 558:563 methacrylamide-modified gelatin and starch-pentenoate building blocks 495:563 blocks 558:563 Therefore, hydrogel films were developed consisting of methacrylamide-modified gelatin and starch-pentenoate building blocks because the ECM can be considered as a crosslinked hydrogel network consisting of both polysaccharides and structural, signaling and cell-adhesive proteins. 27516257 4 21 theme crosslinked 604:614 arg1 network 625:631 a crosslinked hydrogel network 602:631 a crosslinked hydrogel network consisting of both polysaccharides and structural, signaling and cell-adhesive proteins 602:719 Therefore, hydrogel films were developed consisting of methacrylamide-modified gelatin and starch-pentenoate building blocks because the ECM can be considered as a crosslinked hydrogel network consisting of both polysaccharides and structural, signaling and cell-adhesive proteins. 27516257 2 22 theme ideal 139:143 arg1 matrix 154:159 the ideal scaffold matrix 135:159 the ideal scaffold matrix of which the physico-chemical properties can be altered according to the targeted tissue regeneration application 135:273 The present work aims at constructing the ideal scaffold matrix of which the physico-chemical properties can be altered according to the targeted tissue regeneration application. 27516257 10 23 theme materials 1506:1514 arg1 moduli 1482:1487 The storage moduli 1470:1487 The storage moduli of the developed materials 1470:1514 The storage moduli of the developed materials ranged between 14 and 63kPa. 27516257 9 24 theme chemical 1370:1377 arg1 composition 1379:1389 the chemical composition 1366:1389 the chemical composition 1366:1389 The results indicate that both the mechanical properties and the swelling extent of the developed hydrogel films can be controlled by varying the chemical composition and the degree of substitution of the methacrylamide-modified gelatin applied. 27516257 10 25 theme storage 1474:1480 arg1 moduli 1482:1487 The storage moduli 1470:1487 The storage moduli of the developed materials 1470:1514 The storage moduli of the developed materials ranged between 14 and 63kPa. 27516257 8 26 theme force 1206:1210 arg1 microscopy 1212:1221 atomic force microscopy 1199:1221 atomic force microscopy 1199:1221 Subsequently, these films were characterized using gel fraction and swelling experiments, high resolution-magic angle spinning (1)H NMR spectroscopy, rheology, infrared mapping and atomic force microscopy. 27516257 3 27 theme properties 428:437 arg1 terms 383:387 terms 383:387 terms of chemical composition and mechanical properties 383:437 Ideally, this scaffold should resemble the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) as close as possible both in terms of chemical composition and mechanical properties. 27516257 8 28 theme infrared 1178:1185 arg1 mapping 1187:1193 infrared mapping 1178:1193 infrared mapping 1178:1193 Subsequently, these films were characterized using gel fraction and swelling experiments, high resolution-magic angle spinning (1)H NMR spectroscopy, rheology, infrared mapping and atomic force microscopy. 27516257 6 29 theme building 896:903 arg1 block 905:909 the starch-pentenoate building block 874:909 the starch-pentenoate building block 874:909 A substitution degree of 32% was applied for the starch-pentenoate building block. 27516257 9 30 theme swelling 1289:1296 arg1 extent 1298:1303 the swelling extent 1285:1303 the swelling extent of the developed hydrogel films 1285:1335 The results indicate that both the mechanical properties and the swelling extent of the developed hydrogel films can be controlled by varying the chemical composition and the degree of substitution of the methacrylamide-modified gelatin applied. 27516257 13 31 theme straightforward 1898:1912 arg1 procedure 1928:1936 a straightforward physisorption procedure 1896:1936 a straightforward physisorption procedure 1896:1936 We found that aggrecan can be applied as a bioactive coating for gelatin hydrogels by a straightforward physisorption procedure. 27516257 4 32 theme signaling 684:692 arg1 proteins 712:719 structural, signaling and cell-adhesive proteins 672:719 structural, signaling and cell-adhesive proteins 672:719 Therefore, hydrogel films were developed consisting of methacrylamide-modified gelatin and starch-pentenoate building blocks because the ECM can be considered as a crosslinked hydrogel network consisting of both polysaccharides and structural, signaling and cell-adhesive proteins. 27516257 8 33 theme atomic 1199:1204 arg1 microscopy 1212:1221 atomic force microscopy 1199:1221 atomic force microscopy 1199:1221 Subsequently, these films were characterized using gel fraction and swelling experiments, high resolution-magic angle spinning (1)H NMR spectroscopy, rheology, infrared mapping and atomic force microscopy. 27516257 6 34 theme starch-pentenoate 878:894 arg1 block 905:909 the starch-pentenoate building block 874:909 the starch-pentenoate building block 874:909 A substitution degree of 32% was applied for the starch-pentenoate building block. 27516257 7 35 theme interpenetrating 952:967 arg1 networks 969:976 interpenetrating networks 952:976 Pure gelatin hydrogels films as well as interpenetrating networks with gelatin and starch 912:1000 Pure gelatin hydrogels films as well as interpenetrating networks with gelatin and starch were developed. 27516257 9 36 theme films 1331:1335 arg1 extent 1298:1303 the swelling extent 1285:1303 the swelling extent of the developed hydrogel films 1285:1335 The results indicate that both the mechanical properties and the swelling extent of the developed hydrogel films can be controlled by varying the chemical composition and the degree of substitution of the methacrylamide-modified gelatin applied. 27516257 9 36 theme films 1331:1335 arg1 properties 1270:1279 the mechanical properties 1255:1279 the mechanical properties 1255:1279 The results indicate that both the mechanical properties and the swelling extent of the developed hydrogel films can be controlled by varying the chemical composition and the degree of substitution of the methacrylamide-modified gelatin applied. 27516257 0 37 theme Gelatin- 0:7 arg1 hydrogels 26:34 Gelatin- and starch-based hydrogels 0:34 Gelatin- and starch-based hydrogels. 0:35 Gelatin- and starch-based hydrogels. 27516257 8 38 theme swelling 1086:1093 arg1 experiments 1095:1105 swelling experiments 1086:1105 swelling experiments 1086:1105 Subsequently, these films were characterized using gel fraction and swelling experiments, high resolution-magic angle spinning (1)H NMR spectroscopy, rheology, infrared mapping and atomic force microscopy. 27516257 12 39 theme radiolabeling 1783:1795 arg1 experiments 1797:1807 radiolabeling experiments 1783:1807 radiolabeling experiments 1783:1807 Furthermore, we evaluated the affinity of aggrecan for gelatin by atomic force microscopy and radiolabeling experiments. 27516257 11 40 theme separated 1598:1606 arg1 domains 1615:1621 separated starch domains 1598:1621 separated starch domains 1598:1621 Phase separation was observed for the IPNs for which separated starch domains could be distinguished located in the surrounding gelatin matrix. 27516257 11 41 theme surrounding 1661:1671 arg1 matrix 1681:1686 the surrounding gelatin matrix 1657:1686 the surrounding gelatin matrix 1657:1686 Phase separation was observed for the IPNs for which separated starch domains could be distinguished located in the surrounding gelatin matrix. 27516257 3 42 theme mechanical 417:426 arg1 properties 428:437 mechanical properties 417:437 mechanical properties 417:437 Ideally, this scaffold should resemble the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) as close as possible both in terms of chemical composition and mechanical properties. 27516257 8 43 theme high 1108:1111 arg1 angle 1130:1134 high resolution-magic angle 1108:1134 high resolution-magic angle spinning (1)H NMR spectroscopy, rheology, infrared mapping and atomic force microscopy 1108:1221 Subsequently, these films were characterized using gel fraction and swelling experiments, high resolution-magic angle spinning (1)H NMR spectroscopy, rheology, infrared mapping and atomic force microscopy. 27516257 8 43 theme high 1108:1111 arg1 fraction 1073:1080 gel fraction 1069:1080 gel fraction 1069:1080 Subsequently, these films were characterized using gel fraction and swelling experiments, high resolution-magic angle spinning (1)H NMR spectroscopy, rheology, infrared mapping and atomic force microscopy. 27516257 13 44 theme physisorption 1914:1926 arg1 procedure 1928:1936 a straightforward physisorption procedure 1896:1936 a straightforward physisorption procedure 1896:1936 We found that aggrecan can be applied as a bioactive coating for gelatin hydrogels by a straightforward physisorption procedure. 27516257 0 45 theme starch-based 13:24 arg1 hydrogels 26:34 Gelatin- and starch-based hydrogels 0:34 Gelatin- and starch-based hydrogels. 0:35 Gelatin- and starch-based hydrogels. 27516257 14 46 theme tissue 2075:2080 arg1 approaches 2094:2103 tissue engineering approaches 2075:2103 tissue engineering approaches 2075:2103 Thus, we achieved distinct fine-tuning of the physico-chemical properties of these hydrogels which render them promising candidates for tissue engineering approaches. 27516257 13 47 theme gelatin 1875:1881 arg1 hydrogels 1883:1891 gelatin hydrogels 1875:1891 gelatin hydrogels 1875:1891 We found that aggrecan can be applied as a bioactive coating for gelatin hydrogels by a straightforward physisorption procedure. 27516257 3 48 theme chemical 392:399 arg1 composition 401:411 chemical composition 392:411 chemical composition 392:411 Ideally, this scaffold should resemble the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) as close as possible both in terms of chemical composition and mechanical properties. 27516257 13 49 theme bioactive 1853:1861 arg1 coating 1863:1869 a bioactive coating 1851:1869 a bioactive coating for gelatin hydrogels 1851:1891 We found that aggrecan can be applied as a bioactive coating for gelatin hydrogels by a straightforward physisorption procedure. 27516257 13 49 theme bioactive 1853:1861 arg1 aggrecan 1824:1831 aggrecan 1824:1831 aggrecan 1824:1831 We found that aggrecan can be applied as a bioactive coating for gelatin hydrogels by a straightforward physisorption procedure. 27516257 4 50 theme cell-adhesive 698:710 arg1 proteins 712:719 structural, signaling and cell-adhesive proteins 672:719 structural, signaling and cell-adhesive proteins 672:719 Therefore, hydrogel films were developed consisting of methacrylamide-modified gelatin and starch-pentenoate building blocks because the ECM can be considered as a crosslinked hydrogel network consisting of both polysaccharides and structural, signaling and cell-adhesive proteins. 27516257 3 51 theme composition 401:411 arg1 terms 383:387 terms 383:387 terms of chemical composition and mechanical properties 383:437 Ideally, this scaffold should resemble the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) as close as possible both in terms of chemical composition and mechanical properties. 27516257 7 52 with networks 969:976 arg1 starch 995:1000 starch 995:1000 starch 995:1000 Pure gelatin hydrogels films as well as interpenetrating networks with gelatin and starch were developed. 27516257 7 52 with networks 969:976 arg1 gelatin 983:989 gelatin 983:989 gelatin 983:989 Pure gelatin hydrogels films as well as interpenetrating networks with gelatin and starch were developed. 27516257 5 53 theme different 755:763 arg1 degrees 778:784 three different substitution degrees 749:784 three different substitution degrees 749:784 For the gelatin hydrogels, three different substitution degrees were evaluated including 31%, 72% and 95%. 27516257 11 54 theme gelatin 1673:1679 arg1 matrix 1681:1686 the surrounding gelatin matrix 1657:1686 the surrounding gelatin matrix 1657:1686 Phase separation was observed for the IPNs for which separated starch domains could be distinguished located in the surrounding gelatin matrix. 27516257 9 55 theme developed 1312:1320 arg1 films 1331:1335 the developed hydrogel films 1308:1335 the developed hydrogel films 1308:1335 The results indicate that both the mechanical properties and the swelling extent of the developed hydrogel films can be controlled by varying the chemical composition and the degree of substitution of the methacrylamide-modified gelatin applied. 27516257 4 56 theme structural 672:681 arg1 proteins 712:719 structural, signaling and cell-adhesive proteins 672:719 structural, signaling and cell-adhesive proteins 672:719 Therefore, hydrogel films were developed consisting of methacrylamide-modified gelatin and starch-pentenoate building blocks because the ECM can be considered as a crosslinked hydrogel network consisting of both polysaccharides and structural, signaling and cell-adhesive proteins. 27516257 11 57 from matrix 1681:1686 arg1 located 1646:1652 located 1646:1652 located 1646:1652 Phase separation was observed for the IPNs for which separated starch domains could be distinguished located in the surrounding gelatin matrix. 27516257 4 58 theme building 549:556 arg1 gelatin 519:525 gelatin 519:525 gelatin 519:525 Therefore, hydrogel films were developed consisting of methacrylamide-modified gelatin and starch-pentenoate building blocks because the ECM can be considered as a crosslinked hydrogel network consisting of both polysaccharides and structural, signaling and cell-adhesive proteins. 27516257 4 58 theme building 549:556 arg1 blocks 558:563 methacrylamide-modified gelatin and starch-pentenoate building blocks 495:563 blocks 558:563 Therefore, hydrogel films were developed consisting of methacrylamide-modified gelatin and starch-pentenoate building blocks because the ECM can be considered as a crosslinked hydrogel network consisting of both polysaccharides and structural, signaling and cell-adhesive proteins. 27516257 4 58 theme building 549:556 arg1 network 625:631 a crosslinked hydrogel network 602:631 a crosslinked hydrogel network consisting of both polysaccharides and structural, signaling and cell-adhesive proteins 602:719 Therefore, hydrogel films were developed consisting of methacrylamide-modified gelatin and starch-pentenoate building blocks because the ECM can be considered as a crosslinked hydrogel network consisting of both polysaccharides and structural, signaling and cell-adhesive proteins. 27516257 4 59 theme hydrogel 451:458 arg1 films 460:464 hydrogel films 451:464 hydrogel films 451:464 Therefore, hydrogel films were developed consisting of methacrylamide-modified gelatin and starch-pentenoate building blocks because the ECM can be considered as a crosslinked hydrogel network consisting of both polysaccharides and structural, signaling and cell-adhesive proteins. 27516257 2 60 theme present 101:107 arg1 work 109:112 The present work 97:112 The present work 97:112 The present work aims at constructing the ideal scaffold matrix of which the physico-chemical properties can be altered according to the targeted tissue regeneration application. 27516257 12 61 theme force 1762:1766 arg1 microscopy 1768:1777 atomic force microscopy 1755:1777 atomic force microscopy 1755:1777 Furthermore, we evaluated the affinity of aggrecan for gelatin by atomic force microscopy and radiolabeling experiments. 27516257 6 62 theme % 856:856 arg1 degree 844:849 A substitution degree 829:849 A substitution degree of 32% 829:856 A substitution degree of 32% was applied for the starch-pentenoate building block. 27516257 10 63 theme developed 1496:1504 arg1 materials 1506:1514 the developed materials 1492:1514 the developed materials 1492:1514 The storage moduli of the developed materials ranged between 14 and 63kPa. 27516257 11 64 theme starch 1608:1613 arg1 domains 1615:1621 separated starch domains 1598:1621 separated starch domains 1598:1621 Phase separation was observed for the IPNs for which separated starch domains could be distinguished located in the surrounding gelatin matrix. 27516257 7 65 theme hydrogels 925:933 arg1 films 935:939 Pure gelatin hydrogels films 912:939 Pure gelatin hydrogels films as well as interpenetrating networks with gelatin and starch 912:1000 Pure gelatin hydrogels films as well as interpenetrating networks with gelatin and starch were developed. 27516257 14 66 theme physico-chemical 1985:2000 arg1 properties 2002:2011 the physico-chemical properties 1981:2011 the physico-chemical properties of these hydrogels 1981:2030 Thus, we achieved distinct fine-tuning of the physico-chemical properties of these hydrogels which render them promising candidates for tissue engineering approaches. 27516257 4 67 link crosslinked 604:614 arg1 gelatin 519:525 gelatin 519:525 gelatin 519:525 Therefore, hydrogel films were developed consisting of methacrylamide-modified gelatin and starch-pentenoate building blocks because the ECM can be considered as a crosslinked hydrogel network consisting of both polysaccharides and structural, signaling and cell-adhesive proteins. 27516257 4 67 link crosslinked 604:614 arg1 blocks 558:563 methacrylamide-modified gelatin and starch-pentenoate building blocks 495:563 blocks 558:563 Therefore, hydrogel films were developed consisting of methacrylamide-modified gelatin and starch-pentenoate building blocks because the ECM can be considered as a crosslinked hydrogel network consisting of both polysaccharides and structural, signaling and cell-adhesive proteins. 27516257 4 67 link crosslinked 604:614 arg1 network 625:631 a crosslinked hydrogel network 602:631 a crosslinked hydrogel network consisting of both polysaccharides and structural, signaling and cell-adhesive proteins 602:719 Therefore, hydrogel films were developed consisting of methacrylamide-modified gelatin and starch-pentenoate building blocks because the ECM can be considered as a crosslinked hydrogel network consisting of both polysaccharides and structural, signaling and cell-adhesive proteins. 27516257 14 68 theme properties 2002:2011 arg1 fine-tuning 1966:1976 distinct fine-tuning 1957:1976 distinct fine-tuning of the physico-chemical properties of these hydrogels which render them promising candidates for tissue engineering approaches 1957:2103 Thus, we achieved distinct fine-tuning of the physico-chemical properties of these hydrogels which render them promising candidates for tissue engineering approaches. 27516257 14 69 theme hydrogels 2022:2030 arg1 properties 2002:2011 the physico-chemical properties 1981:2011 the physico-chemical properties of these hydrogels 1981:2030 Thus, we achieved distinct fine-tuning of the physico-chemical properties of these hydrogels which render them promising candidates for tissue engineering approaches. 27516257 5 70 theme gelatin 730:736 arg1 hydrogels 738:746 the gelatin hydrogels 726:746 the gelatin hydrogels 726:746 For the gelatin hydrogels, three different substitution degrees were evaluated including 31%, 72% and 95%. 27516257 1 71 theme Part 37:40 arg1 A 42:42 Part A 37:42 Part A 37:42 Part A: Hydrogel development, characterization and coating. 27516257 7 72 theme Pure 912:915 arg1 films 935:939 Pure gelatin hydrogels films 912:939 Pure gelatin hydrogels films as well as interpenetrating networks with gelatin and starch 912:1000 Pure gelatin hydrogels films as well as interpenetrating networks with gelatin and starch were developed. 27516257 8 73 theme NMR 1150:1152 arg1 spectroscopy 1154:1165 (1)H NMR spectroscopy 1145:1165 (1)H NMR spectroscopy 1145:1165 Subsequently, these films were characterized using gel fraction and swelling experiments, high resolution-magic angle spinning (1)H NMR spectroscopy, rheology, infrared mapping and atomic force microscopy. 27516257 2 74 theme physico-chemical 174:189 arg1 properties 191:200 the physico-chemical properties 170:200 the physico-chemical properties 170:200 The present work aims at constructing the ideal scaffold matrix of which the physico-chemical properties can be altered according to the targeted tissue regeneration application. 27516257 2 75 theme tissue 243:248 arg1 application 263:273 the targeted tissue regeneration application 230:273 the targeted tissue regeneration application 230:273 The present work aims at constructing the ideal scaffold matrix of which the physico-chemical properties can be altered according to the targeted tissue regeneration application. 27516257 11 76 theme Phase 1545:1549 arg1 separation 1551:1560 Phase separation 1545:1560 Phase separation 1545:1560 Phase separation was observed for the IPNs for which separated starch domains could be distinguished located in the surrounding gelatin matrix. 27516257 7 77 theme gelatin 917:923 arg1 films 935:939 Pure gelatin hydrogels films 912:939 Pure gelatin hydrogels films as well as interpenetrating networks with gelatin and starch 912:1000 Pure gelatin hydrogels films as well as interpenetrating networks with gelatin and starch were developed. 27516257 9 78 theme substitution 1409:1420 arg1 composition 1379:1389 the chemical composition 1366:1389 the chemical composition 1366:1389 The results indicate that both the mechanical properties and the swelling extent of the developed hydrogel films can be controlled by varying the chemical composition and the degree of substitution of the methacrylamide-modified gelatin applied. 27516257 9 78 theme substitution 1409:1420 arg1 degree 1399:1404 the degree 1395:1404 the degree of substitution of the methacrylamide-modified gelatin applied 1395:1467 The results indicate that both the mechanical properties and the swelling extent of the developed hydrogel films can be controlled by varying the chemical composition and the degree of substitution of the methacrylamide-modified gelatin applied. 27516257 8 79 theme H 1148:1148 arg1 spectroscopy 1154:1165 (1)H NMR spectroscopy 1145:1165 (1)H NMR spectroscopy 1145:1165 Subsequently, these films were characterized using gel fraction and swelling experiments, high resolution-magic angle spinning (1)H NMR spectroscopy, rheology, infrared mapping and atomic force microscopy. 27516257 14 80 theme distinct 1957:1964 arg1 fine-tuning 1966:1976 distinct fine-tuning 1957:1976 distinct fine-tuning of the physico-chemical properties of these hydrogels which render them promising candidates for tissue engineering approaches 1957:2103 Thus, we achieved distinct fine-tuning of the physico-chemical properties of these hydrogels which render them promising candidates for tissue engineering approaches. 27516257 2 81 theme targeted 234:241 arg1 application 263:273 the targeted tissue regeneration application 230:273 the targeted tissue regeneration application 230:273 The present work aims at constructing the ideal scaffold matrix of which the physico-chemical properties can be altered according to the targeted tissue regeneration application. 27516257 8 82 theme resolution-magic 1113:1128 arg1 angle 1130:1134 high resolution-magic angle 1108:1134 high resolution-magic angle spinning (1)H NMR spectroscopy, rheology, infrared mapping and atomic force microscopy 1108:1221 Subsequently, these films were characterized using gel fraction and swelling experiments, high resolution-magic angle spinning (1)H NMR spectroscopy, rheology, infrared mapping and atomic force microscopy. 27516257 8 82 theme resolution-magic 1113:1128 arg1 fraction 1073:1080 gel fraction 1069:1080 gel fraction 1069:1080 Subsequently, these films were characterized using gel fraction and swelling experiments, high resolution-magic angle spinning (1)H NMR spectroscopy, rheology, infrared mapping and atomic force microscopy. 25504617 8 0 theme divergent 1599:1607 arg1 effects 1609:1615 the divergent effects 1595:1615 the divergent effects of media flow 1595:1629 The results highlight the divergent effects of media flow over the course of construct development and suggest that the flow configuration is an important parameter regulating the cellular events leading to bone construct formation in the HCG scaffolds. 25504617 8 1 theme development 1660:1670 arg1 course 1640:1645 the course 1636:1645 the course of construct development 1636:1670 The results highlight the divergent effects of media flow over the course of construct development and suggest that the flow configuration is an important parameter regulating the cellular events leading to bone construct formation in the HCG scaffolds. 25504617 4 2 theme cell 850:853 arg1 growth 855:860 cell growth 850:860 cell growth 850:860 The in vitro results showed that the interstitial flow in the transverse flow (TF) constructs reduced cell growth during the first week of culture but improved spatial cell distribution and early onset of osteogenic differentiation measured by alkaline phosphatase and expression of osteogenic genes. 25504617 4 3 theme genes 1042:1046 arg1 distribution 921:932 spatial cell distribution 908:932 spatial cell distribution 908:932 The in vitro results showed that the interstitial flow in the transverse flow (TF) constructs reduced cell growth during the first week of culture but improved spatial cell distribution and early onset of osteogenic differentiation measured by alkaline phosphatase and expression of osteogenic genes. 25504617 4 3 theme genes 1042:1046 arg1 onset 944:948 early onset 938:948 early onset 938:948 The in vitro results showed that the interstitial flow in the transverse flow (TF) constructs reduced cell growth during the first week of culture but improved spatial cell distribution and early onset of osteogenic differentiation measured by alkaline phosphatase and expression of osteogenic genes. 25504617 4 3 theme genes 1042:1046 arg1 expression 1017:1026 expression 1017:1026 expression of osteogenic genes 1017:1046 The in vitro results showed that the interstitial flow in the transverse flow (TF) constructs reduced cell growth during the first week of culture but improved spatial cell distribution and early onset of osteogenic differentiation measured by alkaline phosphatase and expression of osteogenic genes. 25504617 6 4 theme ectopic 1243:1249 arg1 formation 1256:1264 ectopic bone formation 1243:1264 ectopic bone formation 1243:1264 To evaluate ectopic bone formation, the HCG constructs seeded with hMSCs pre-cultured under two flow configurations for 7 days were implanted in CD-1 nude mice. 25504617 7 5 theme bone 1434:1437 arg1 formation 1439:1447 bone formation 1434:1447 bone formation 1434:1447 While Masson's Trichrom staining revealed bone formation in both constructs, the TF constructs have improved spatial cell and osteoid distribution throughout the 2.0 mm constructs. 25504617 4 6 theme flow 821:824 arg1 constructs 831:840 the transverse flow (TF) constructs 806:840 the transverse flow (TF) constructs 806:840 The in vitro results showed that the interstitial flow in the transverse flow (TF) constructs reduced cell growth during the first week of culture but improved spatial cell distribution and early onset of osteogenic differentiation measured by alkaline phosphatase and expression of osteogenic genes. 25504617 3 7 theme flow 675:678 arg1 configuration 680:692 flow configuration 675:692 flow configuration 675:692 In this study, porous scaffolds of hydroxyapatite (H), chitosan (C), and gelatin (G) were fabricated by phase-separation and press-fitted in the perfusion bioreactor system where media flow is configured either parallel or transverse with respect to the scaffolds to investigate the impact of flow configuration on hMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. 25504617 2 8 theme bone 277:280 arg1 regeneration 289:300 bone tissue regeneration 277:300 bone tissue regeneration from osteogenic progenitor cells including human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) 277:379 Scaffolds of chitosan composites have been studied to support bone tissue regeneration from osteogenic progenitor cells including human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). 25504617 3 9 theme osteogenic 720:729 arg1 differentiation 731:745 osteogenic differentiation 720:745 osteogenic differentiation 720:745 In this study, porous scaffolds of hydroxyapatite (H), chitosan (C), and gelatin (G) were fabricated by phase-separation and press-fitted in the perfusion bioreactor system where media flow is configured either parallel or transverse with respect to the scaffolds to investigate the impact of flow configuration on hMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. 25504617 3 10 theme bioreactor 537:546 arg1 system 548:553 the perfusion bioreactor system 523:553 the perfusion bioreactor system where media flow is configured either parallel or transverse with respect to the scaffolds to investigate the impact of flow configuration on hMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation 523:745 In this study, porous scaffolds of hydroxyapatite (H), chitosan (C), and gelatin (G) were fabricated by phase-separation and press-fitted in the perfusion bioreactor system where media flow is configured either parallel or transverse with respect to the scaffolds to investigate the impact of flow configuration on hMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. 25504617 1 11 theme bone 187:190 arg1 development 202:212 3D bone construct development 184:212 3D bone construct development 184:212 Perfusion bioreactor plays important role in supporting 3D bone construct development. 25504617 0 12 theme composite 107:115 arg1 scaffolds 117:125 3D chitosan composite scaffolds 95:125 3D chitosan composite scaffolds 95:125 Effects of flow configuration on bone tissue engineering using human mesenchymal stem cells in 3D chitosan composite scaffolds. 25504617 2 13 theme osteogenic 307:316 arg1 cells 368:372 human mesenchymal stem cells 345:372 human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) 345:379 Scaffolds of chitosan composites have been studied to support bone tissue regeneration from osteogenic progenitor cells including human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). 25504617 2 13 theme osteogenic 307:316 arg1 cells 329:333 osteogenic progenitor cells 307:333 osteogenic progenitor cells including human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) 307:379 Scaffolds of chitosan composites have been studied to support bone tissue regeneration from osteogenic progenitor cells including human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). 25504617 6 14 dep hMSCs 1298:1302 arg1 pre-cultured 1304:1315 pre-cultured 1304:1315 pre-cultured 1304:1315 To evaluate ectopic bone formation, the HCG constructs seeded with hMSCs pre-cultured under two flow configurations for 7 days were implanted in CD-1 nude mice. 25504617 2 15 theme composites 237:246 arg1 Scaffolds 215:223 Scaffolds 215:223 Scaffolds of chitosan composites 215:246 Scaffolds of chitosan composites have been studied to support bone tissue regeneration from osteogenic progenitor cells including human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). 25504617 4 16 from flow 798:801 arg1 constructs 831:840 the transverse flow (TF) constructs 806:840 the transverse flow (TF) constructs 806:840 The in vitro results showed that the interstitial flow in the transverse flow (TF) constructs reduced cell growth during the first week of culture but improved spatial cell distribution and early onset of osteogenic differentiation measured by alkaline phosphatase and expression of osteogenic genes. 25504617 4 17 theme first 873:877 arg1 week 879:882 the first week 869:882 the first week of culture 869:893 The in vitro results showed that the interstitial flow in the transverse flow (TF) constructs reduced cell growth during the first week of culture but improved spatial cell distribution and early onset of osteogenic differentiation measured by alkaline phosphatase and expression of osteogenic genes. 25504617 1 18 theme Perfusion 128:136 arg1 bioreactor 138:147 Perfusion bioreactor 128:147 Perfusion bioreactor 128:147 Perfusion bioreactor plays important role in supporting 3D bone construct development. 25504617 4 19 theme early 938:942 arg1 onset 944:948 early onset 938:948 early onset 938:948 The in vitro results showed that the interstitial flow in the transverse flow (TF) constructs reduced cell growth during the first week of culture but improved spatial cell distribution and early onset of osteogenic differentiation measured by alkaline phosphatase and expression of osteogenic genes. 25504617 5 20 theme TF 1090:1091 arg1 constructs 1093:1102 the TF constructs 1086:1102 the TF constructs 1086:1102 After 14 days of bioreactor culture, the TF constructs have comparable cell number but higher expression of bone markers genes and proteins compared to the parallel flow constructs. 25504617 4 21 dep in 752:753 arg1 vitro 755:759 vitro 755:759 vitro 755:759 The in vitro results showed that the interstitial flow in the transverse flow (TF) constructs reduced cell growth during the first week of culture but improved spatial cell distribution and early onset of osteogenic differentiation measured by alkaline phosphatase and expression of osteogenic genes. 25504617 7 22 theme 2.0 1554:1556 arg1 mm 1558:1559 mm 1558:1559 mm 1558:1559 While Masson's Trichrom staining revealed bone formation in both constructs, the TF constructs have improved spatial cell and osteoid distribution throughout the 2.0 mm constructs. 25504617 5 23 dep markers 1162:1168 arg1 genes 1170:1174 genes 1170:1174 genes 1170:1174 After 14 days of bioreactor culture, the TF constructs have comparable cell number but higher expression of bone markers genes and proteins compared to the parallel flow constructs. 25504617 0 24 theme mesenchymal 69:79 arg1 cells 86:90 human mesenchymal stem cells 63:90 human mesenchymal stem cells 63:90 Effects of flow configuration on bone tissue engineering using human mesenchymal stem cells in 3D chitosan composite scaffolds. 25504617 8 25 theme construct 1785:1793 arg1 formation 1795:1803 bone construct formation 1780:1803 bone construct formation in the HCG scaffolds 1780:1824 The results highlight the divergent effects of media flow over the course of construct development and suggest that the flow configuration is an important parameter regulating the cellular events leading to bone construct formation in the HCG scaffolds. 25504617 4 26 theme spatial 908:914 arg1 distribution 921:932 spatial cell distribution 908:932 spatial cell distribution 908:932 The in vitro results showed that the interstitial flow in the transverse flow (TF) constructs reduced cell growth during the first week of culture but improved spatial cell distribution and early onset of osteogenic differentiation measured by alkaline phosphatase and expression of osteogenic genes. 25504617 0 27 from Effects 0:6 arg1 engineering 45:55 bone tissue engineering 33:55 bone tissue engineering using human mesenchymal stem cells in 3D chitosan composite scaffolds 33:125 Effects of flow configuration on bone tissue engineering using human mesenchymal stem cells in 3D chitosan composite scaffolds. 25504617 3 28 from press-fitted 507:518 arg1 system 548:553 the perfusion bioreactor system 523:553 the perfusion bioreactor system where media flow is configured either parallel or transverse with respect to the scaffolds to investigate the impact of flow configuration on hMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation 523:745 In this study, porous scaffolds of hydroxyapatite (H), chitosan (C), and gelatin (G) were fabricated by phase-separation and press-fitted in the perfusion bioreactor system where media flow is configured either parallel or transverse with respect to the scaffolds to investigate the impact of flow configuration on hMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. 25504617 5 29 theme bioreactor 1066:1075 arg1 culture 1077:1083 bioreactor culture 1066:1083 bioreactor culture 1066:1083 After 14 days of bioreactor culture, the TF constructs have comparable cell number but higher expression of bone markers genes and proteins compared to the parallel flow constructs. 25504617 7 30 theme osteoid 1518:1524 arg1 distribution 1526:1537 spatial cell and osteoid distribution 1501:1537 distribution 1526:1537 While Masson's Trichrom staining revealed bone formation in both constructs, the TF constructs have improved spatial cell and osteoid distribution throughout the 2.0 mm constructs. 25504617 0 31 theme 3D 95:96 arg1 scaffolds 117:125 3D chitosan composite scaffolds 95:125 3D chitosan composite scaffolds 95:125 Effects of flow configuration on bone tissue engineering using human mesenchymal stem cells in 3D chitosan composite scaffolds. 25504617 8 32 theme HCG 1812:1814 arg1 scaffolds 1816:1824 the HCG scaffolds 1808:1824 the HCG scaffolds 1808:1824 The results highlight the divergent effects of media flow over the course of construct development and suggest that the flow configuration is an important parameter regulating the cellular events leading to bone construct formation in the HCG scaffolds. 25504617 0 33 theme flow 11:14 arg1 configuration 16:28 flow configuration 11:28 flow configuration 11:28 Effects of flow configuration on bone tissue engineering using human mesenchymal stem cells in 3D chitosan composite scaffolds. 25504617 5 34 theme bone 1157:1160 arg1 markers 1162:1168 bone markers genes and proteins 1157:1187 markers 1162:1168 After 14 days of bioreactor culture, the TF constructs have comparable cell number but higher expression of bone markers genes and proteins compared to the parallel flow constructs. 25504617 7 35 theme spatial 1501:1507 arg1 cell 1509:1512 spatial cell and osteoid distribution 1501:1537 cell 1509:1512 While Masson's Trichrom staining revealed bone formation in both constructs, the TF constructs have improved spatial cell and osteoid distribution throughout the 2.0 mm constructs. 25504617 4 36 theme differentiation 964:978 arg1 distribution 921:932 spatial cell distribution 908:932 spatial cell distribution 908:932 The in vitro results showed that the interstitial flow in the transverse flow (TF) constructs reduced cell growth during the first week of culture but improved spatial cell distribution and early onset of osteogenic differentiation measured by alkaline phosphatase and expression of osteogenic genes. 25504617 4 36 theme differentiation 964:978 arg1 onset 944:948 early onset 938:948 early onset 938:948 The in vitro results showed that the interstitial flow in the transverse flow (TF) constructs reduced cell growth during the first week of culture but improved spatial cell distribution and early onset of osteogenic differentiation measured by alkaline phosphatase and expression of osteogenic genes. 25504617 4 36 theme differentiation 964:978 arg1 expression 1017:1026 expression 1017:1026 expression of osteogenic genes 1017:1046 The in vitro results showed that the interstitial flow in the transverse flow (TF) constructs reduced cell growth during the first week of culture but improved spatial cell distribution and early onset of osteogenic differentiation measured by alkaline phosphatase and expression of osteogenic genes. 25504617 3 37 theme chitosan 437:444 arg1 scaffolds 404:412 porous scaffolds 397:412 porous scaffolds of hydroxyapatite (H), chitosan (C), and gelatin (G) 397:465 In this study, porous scaffolds of hydroxyapatite (H), chitosan (C), and gelatin (G) were fabricated by phase-separation and press-fitted in the perfusion bioreactor system where media flow is configured either parallel or transverse with respect to the scaffolds to investigate the impact of flow configuration on hMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. 25504617 6 38 theme nude 1381:1384 arg1 mice 1386:1389 CD-1 nude mice 1376:1389 CD-1 nude mice 1376:1389 To evaluate ectopic bone formation, the HCG constructs seeded with hMSCs pre-cultured under two flow configurations for 7 days were implanted in CD-1 nude mice. 25504617 5 39 theme cell 1120:1123 arg1 number 1125:1130 comparable cell number 1109:1130 comparable cell number 1109:1130 After 14 days of bioreactor culture, the TF constructs have comparable cell number but higher expression of bone markers genes and proteins compared to the parallel flow constructs. 25504617 3 40 theme hydroxyapatite 417:430 arg1 scaffolds 404:412 porous scaffolds 397:412 porous scaffolds of hydroxyapatite (H), chitosan (C), and gelatin (G) 397:465 In this study, porous scaffolds of hydroxyapatite (H), chitosan (C), and gelatin (G) were fabricated by phase-separation and press-fitted in the perfusion bioreactor system where media flow is configured either parallel or transverse with respect to the scaffolds to investigate the impact of flow configuration on hMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. 25504617 3 41 theme porous 397:402 arg1 scaffolds 404:412 porous scaffolds 397:412 porous scaffolds of hydroxyapatite (H), chitosan (C), and gelatin (G) 397:465 In this study, porous scaffolds of hydroxyapatite (H), chitosan (C), and gelatin (G) were fabricated by phase-separation and press-fitted in the perfusion bioreactor system where media flow is configured either parallel or transverse with respect to the scaffolds to investigate the impact of flow configuration on hMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. 25504617 3 42 theme gelatin 455:461 arg1 scaffolds 404:412 porous scaffolds 397:412 porous scaffolds of hydroxyapatite (H), chitosan (C), and gelatin (G) 397:465 In this study, porous scaffolds of hydroxyapatite (H), chitosan (C), and gelatin (G) were fabricated by phase-separation and press-fitted in the perfusion bioreactor system where media flow is configured either parallel or transverse with respect to the scaffolds to investigate the impact of flow configuration on hMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. 25504617 0 43 theme tissue 38:43 arg1 engineering 45:55 bone tissue engineering 33:55 bone tissue engineering using human mesenchymal stem cells in 3D chitosan composite scaffolds 33:125 Effects of flow configuration on bone tissue engineering using human mesenchymal stem cells in 3D chitosan composite scaffolds. 25504617 7 44 theme TF 1473:1474 arg1 constructs 1476:1485 the TF constructs 1469:1485 the TF constructs 1469:1485 While Masson's Trichrom staining revealed bone formation in both constructs, the TF constructs have improved spatial cell and osteoid distribution throughout the 2.0 mm constructs. 25504617 2 45 theme mesenchymal 351:361 arg1 hMSC 375:378 hMSC 375:378 hMSC 375:378 Scaffolds of chitosan composites have been studied to support bone tissue regeneration from osteogenic progenitor cells including human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). 25504617 2 45 theme mesenchymal 351:361 arg1 cells 368:372 human mesenchymal stem cells 345:372 human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) 345:379 Scaffolds of chitosan composites have been studied to support bone tissue regeneration from osteogenic progenitor cells including human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). 25504617 8 46 theme media 1620:1624 arg1 flow 1626:1629 media flow 1620:1629 media flow 1620:1629 The results highlight the divergent effects of media flow over the course of construct development and suggest that the flow configuration is an important parameter regulating the cellular events leading to bone construct formation in the HCG scaffolds. 25504617 5 47 theme parallel 1205:1212 arg1 constructs 1219:1228 the parallel flow constructs 1201:1228 the parallel flow constructs 1201:1228 After 14 days of bioreactor culture, the TF constructs have comparable cell number but higher expression of bone markers genes and proteins compared to the parallel flow constructs. 25504617 4 48 theme osteogenic 1031:1040 arg1 genes 1042:1046 osteogenic genes 1031:1046 osteogenic genes 1031:1046 The in vitro results showed that the interstitial flow in the transverse flow (TF) constructs reduced cell growth during the first week of culture but improved spatial cell distribution and early onset of osteogenic differentiation measured by alkaline phosphatase and expression of osteogenic genes. 25504617 6 49 theme bone 1251:1254 arg1 formation 1256:1264 ectopic bone formation 1243:1264 ectopic bone formation 1243:1264 To evaluate ectopic bone formation, the HCG constructs seeded with hMSCs pre-cultured under two flow configurations for 7 days were implanted in CD-1 nude mice. 25504617 8 50 theme construct 1650:1658 arg1 development 1660:1670 construct development 1650:1670 construct development 1650:1670 The results highlight the divergent effects of media flow over the course of construct development and suggest that the flow configuration is an important parameter regulating the cellular events leading to bone construct formation in the HCG scaffolds. 25504617 5 51 theme proteins 1180:1187 arg1 expression 1143:1152 higher expression 1136:1152 higher expression of bone markers genes and proteins 1136:1187 After 14 days of bioreactor culture, the TF constructs have comparable cell number but higher expression of bone markers genes and proteins compared to the parallel flow constructs. 25504617 3 52 theme hMSC 697:700 arg1 proliferation 702:714 hMSC proliferation 697:714 hMSC proliferation 697:714 In this study, porous scaffolds of hydroxyapatite (H), chitosan (C), and gelatin (G) were fabricated by phase-separation and press-fitted in the perfusion bioreactor system where media flow is configured either parallel or transverse with respect to the scaffolds to investigate the impact of flow configuration on hMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. 25504617 2 53 theme tissue 282:287 arg1 regeneration 289:300 bone tissue regeneration 277:300 bone tissue regeneration from osteogenic progenitor cells including human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) 277:379 Scaffolds of chitosan composites have been studied to support bone tissue regeneration from osteogenic progenitor cells including human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). 25504617 7 54 theme Trichrom 1407:1414 arg1 staining 1416:1423 Masson's Trichrom staining 1398:1423 Masson's Trichrom staining 1398:1423 While Masson's Trichrom staining revealed bone formation in both constructs, the TF constructs have improved spatial cell and osteoid distribution throughout the 2.0 mm constructs. 25504617 4 55 theme transverse 810:819 arg1 TF 827:828 TF 827:828 TF 827:828 The in vitro results showed that the interstitial flow in the transverse flow (TF) constructs reduced cell growth during the first week of culture but improved spatial cell distribution and early onset of osteogenic differentiation measured by alkaline phosphatase and expression of osteogenic genes. 25504617 4 55 theme transverse 810:819 arg1 flow 821:824 the transverse flow 806:824 the transverse flow (TF) constructs 806:840 The in vitro results showed that the interstitial flow in the transverse flow (TF) constructs reduced cell growth during the first week of culture but improved spatial cell distribution and early onset of osteogenic differentiation measured by alkaline phosphatase and expression of osteogenic genes. 25504617 3 56 theme configuration 680:692 arg1 impact 665:670 the impact 661:670 the impact of flow configuration on hMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation 661:745 In this study, porous scaffolds of hydroxyapatite (H), chitosan (C), and gelatin (G) were fabricated by phase-separation and press-fitted in the perfusion bioreactor system where media flow is configured either parallel or transverse with respect to the scaffolds to investigate the impact of flow configuration on hMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. 25504617 3 57 theme perfusion 527:535 arg1 system 548:553 the perfusion bioreactor system 523:553 the perfusion bioreactor system where media flow is configured either parallel or transverse with respect to the scaffolds to investigate the impact of flow configuration on hMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation 523:745 In this study, porous scaffolds of hydroxyapatite (H), chitosan (C), and gelatin (G) were fabricated by phase-separation and press-fitted in the perfusion bioreactor system where media flow is configured either parallel or transverse with respect to the scaffolds to investigate the impact of flow configuration on hMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. 25504617 1 58 theme 3D 184:185 arg1 development 202:212 3D bone construct development 184:212 3D bone construct development 184:212 Perfusion bioreactor plays important role in supporting 3D bone construct development. 25504617 2 59 theme progenitor 318:327 arg1 cells 368:372 human mesenchymal stem cells 345:372 human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) 345:379 Scaffolds of chitosan composites have been studied to support bone tissue regeneration from osteogenic progenitor cells including human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). 25504617 2 59 theme progenitor 318:327 arg1 cells 329:333 osteogenic progenitor cells 307:333 osteogenic progenitor cells including human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) 307:379 Scaffolds of chitosan composites have been studied to support bone tissue regeneration from osteogenic progenitor cells including human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). 25504617 8 60 theme flow 1693:1696 arg1 configuration 1698:1710 the flow configuration 1689:1710 the flow configuration 1689:1710 The results highlight the divergent effects of media flow over the course of construct development and suggest that the flow configuration is an important parameter regulating the cellular events leading to bone construct formation in the HCG scaffolds. 25504617 8 60 theme flow 1693:1696 arg1 parameter 1728:1736 an important parameter 1715:1736 an important parameter regulating the cellular events leading to bone construct formation in the HCG scaffolds 1715:1824 The results highlight the divergent effects of media flow over the course of construct development and suggest that the flow configuration is an important parameter regulating the cellular events leading to bone construct formation in the HCG scaffolds. 25504617 1 61 theme construct 192:200 arg1 development 202:212 3D bone construct development 184:212 3D bone construct development 184:212 Perfusion bioreactor plays important role in supporting 3D bone construct development. 25504617 3 62 theme media 561:565 arg1 flow 567:570 media flow 561:570 media flow 561:570 In this study, porous scaffolds of hydroxyapatite (H), chitosan (C), and gelatin (G) were fabricated by phase-separation and press-fitted in the perfusion bioreactor system where media flow is configured either parallel or transverse with respect to the scaffolds to investigate the impact of flow configuration on hMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. 25504617 4 63 theme culture 887:893 arg1 week 879:882 the first week 869:882 the first week of culture 869:893 The in vitro results showed that the interstitial flow in the transverse flow (TF) constructs reduced cell growth during the first week of culture but improved spatial cell distribution and early onset of osteogenic differentiation measured by alkaline phosphatase and expression of osteogenic genes. 25504617 3 64 from impact 665:670 arg1 proliferation 702:714 hMSC proliferation 697:714 hMSC proliferation 697:714 In this study, porous scaffolds of hydroxyapatite (H), chitosan (C), and gelatin (G) were fabricated by phase-separation and press-fitted in the perfusion bioreactor system where media flow is configured either parallel or transverse with respect to the scaffolds to investigate the impact of flow configuration on hMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. 25504617 3 64 from impact 665:670 arg1 differentiation 731:745 osteogenic differentiation 720:745 osteogenic differentiation 720:745 In this study, porous scaffolds of hydroxyapatite (H), chitosan (C), and gelatin (G) were fabricated by phase-separation and press-fitted in the perfusion bioreactor system where media flow is configured either parallel or transverse with respect to the scaffolds to investigate the impact of flow configuration on hMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. 25504617 2 65 theme chitosan 228:235 arg1 composites 237:246 chitosan composites 228:246 chitosan composites 228:246 Scaffolds of chitosan composites have been studied to support bone tissue regeneration from osteogenic progenitor cells including human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). 25504617 8 66 theme important 1718:1726 arg1 configuration 1698:1710 the flow configuration 1689:1710 the flow configuration 1689:1710 The results highlight the divergent effects of media flow over the course of construct development and suggest that the flow configuration is an important parameter regulating the cellular events leading to bone construct formation in the HCG scaffolds. 25504617 8 66 theme important 1718:1726 arg1 parameter 1728:1736 an important parameter 1715:1736 an important parameter regulating the cellular events leading to bone construct formation in the HCG scaffolds 1715:1824 The results highlight the divergent effects of media flow over the course of construct development and suggest that the flow configuration is an important parameter regulating the cellular events leading to bone construct formation in the HCG scaffolds. 25504617 8 67 from formation 1795:1803 arg1 scaffolds 1816:1824 the HCG scaffolds 1808:1824 the HCG scaffolds 1808:1824 The results highlight the divergent effects of media flow over the course of construct development and suggest that the flow configuration is an important parameter regulating the cellular events leading to bone construct formation in the HCG scaffolds. 25504617 6 68 theme HCG 1271:1273 arg1 constructs 1275:1284 the HCG constructs 1267:1284 the HCG constructs seeded with hMSCs pre-cultured under two flow configurations for 7 days 1267:1356 To evaluate ectopic bone formation, the HCG constructs seeded with hMSCs pre-cultured under two flow configurations for 7 days were implanted in CD-1 nude mice. 25504617 7 69 theme mm 1558:1559 arg1 constructs 1561:1570 the 2.0 mm constructs 1550:1570 the 2.0 mm constructs 1550:1570 While Masson's Trichrom staining revealed bone formation in both constructs, the TF constructs have improved spatial cell and osteoid distribution throughout the 2.0 mm constructs. 25504617 0 70 theme human 63:67 arg1 cells 86:90 human mesenchymal stem cells 63:90 human mesenchymal stem cells 63:90 Effects of flow configuration on bone tissue engineering using human mesenchymal stem cells in 3D chitosan composite scaffolds. 25504617 8 71 theme cellular 1753:1760 arg1 events 1762:1767 the cellular events 1749:1767 the cellular events leading to bone construct formation in the HCG scaffolds 1749:1824 The results highlight the divergent effects of media flow over the course of construct development and suggest that the flow configuration is an important parameter regulating the cellular events leading to bone construct formation in the HCG scaffolds. 25504617 5 72 contain have 1104:1107 arg1 constructs 1093:1102 the TF constructs 1086:1102 the TF constructs 1086:1102 After 14 days of bioreactor culture, the TF constructs have comparable cell number but higher expression of bone markers genes and proteins compared to the parallel flow constructs. 25504617 5 72 contain have 1104:1107 arg2 number 1125:1130 comparable cell number 1109:1130 comparable cell number 1109:1130 After 14 days of bioreactor culture, the TF constructs have comparable cell number but higher expression of bone markers genes and proteins compared to the parallel flow constructs. 25504617 0 73 theme stem 81:84 arg1 cells 86:90 human mesenchymal stem cells 63:90 human mesenchymal stem cells 63:90 Effects of flow configuration on bone tissue engineering using human mesenchymal stem cells in 3D chitosan composite scaffolds. 25504617 1 74 theme important 155:163 arg1 role 165:168 important role 155:168 important role 155:168 Perfusion bioreactor plays important role in supporting 3D bone construct development. 25504617 5 75 theme comparable 1109:1118 arg1 number 1125:1130 comparable cell number 1109:1130 comparable cell number 1109:1130 After 14 days of bioreactor culture, the TF constructs have comparable cell number but higher expression of bone markers genes and proteins compared to the parallel flow constructs. 25504617 8 76 theme bone 1780:1783 arg1 formation 1795:1803 bone construct formation 1780:1803 bone construct formation in the HCG scaffolds 1780:1824 The results highlight the divergent effects of media flow over the course of construct development and suggest that the flow configuration is an important parameter regulating the cellular events leading to bone construct formation in the HCG scaffolds. 25504617 2 77 from cells 329:333 arg1 regeneration 289:300 bone tissue regeneration 277:300 bone tissue regeneration from osteogenic progenitor cells including human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) 277:379 Scaffolds of chitosan composites have been studied to support bone tissue regeneration from osteogenic progenitor cells including human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). 25504617 0 78 theme chitosan 98:105 arg1 scaffolds 117:125 3D chitosan composite scaffolds 95:125 3D chitosan composite scaffolds 95:125 Effects of flow configuration on bone tissue engineering using human mesenchymal stem cells in 3D chitosan composite scaffolds. 25504617 5 79 theme culture 1077:1083 arg1 days 1058:1061 14 days 1055:1061 14 days of bioreactor culture 1055:1083 After 14 days of bioreactor culture, the TF constructs have comparable cell number but higher expression of bone markers genes and proteins compared to the parallel flow constructs. 25504617 4 80 theme cell 916:919 arg1 distribution 921:932 spatial cell distribution 908:932 spatial cell distribution 908:932 The in vitro results showed that the interstitial flow in the transverse flow (TF) constructs reduced cell growth during the first week of culture but improved spatial cell distribution and early onset of osteogenic differentiation measured by alkaline phosphatase and expression of osteogenic genes. 25504617 4 81 theme in 752:753 arg1 results 761:767 The in vitro results 748:767 The in vitro results 748:767 The in vitro results showed that the interstitial flow in the transverse flow (TF) constructs reduced cell growth during the first week of culture but improved spatial cell distribution and early onset of osteogenic differentiation measured by alkaline phosphatase and expression of osteogenic genes. 25504617 6 82 theme flow 1327:1330 arg1 configurations 1332:1345 two flow configurations 1323:1345 two flow configurations 1323:1345 To evaluate ectopic bone formation, the HCG constructs seeded with hMSCs pre-cultured under two flow configurations for 7 days were implanted in CD-1 nude mice. 25504617 4 83 theme alkaline 992:999 arg1 phosphatase 1001:1011 alkaline phosphatase 992:1011 alkaline phosphatase 992:1011 The in vitro results showed that the interstitial flow in the transverse flow (TF) constructs reduced cell growth during the first week of culture but improved spatial cell distribution and early onset of osteogenic differentiation measured by alkaline phosphatase and expression of osteogenic genes. 25504617 3 84 from system 548:553 arg1 press-fitted 507:518 press-fitted 507:518 press-fitted 507:518 In this study, porous scaffolds of hydroxyapatite (H), chitosan (C), and gelatin (G) were fabricated by phase-separation and press-fitted in the perfusion bioreactor system where media flow is configured either parallel or transverse with respect to the scaffolds to investigate the impact of flow configuration on hMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. 25504617 0 85 theme configuration 16:28 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of flow configuration on bone tissue engineering using human mesenchymal stem cells in 3D chitosan composite scaffolds. 0:126 Effects of flow configuration on bone tissue engineering using human mesenchymal stem cells in 3D chitosan composite scaffolds. 25504617 0 86 theme bone 33:36 arg1 engineering 45:55 bone tissue engineering 33:55 bone tissue engineering using human mesenchymal stem cells in 3D chitosan composite scaffolds 33:125 Effects of flow configuration on bone tissue engineering using human mesenchymal stem cells in 3D chitosan composite scaffolds. 25504617 5 87 theme markers 1162:1168 arg1 expression 1143:1152 higher expression 1136:1152 higher expression of bone markers genes and proteins 1136:1187 After 14 days of bioreactor culture, the TF constructs have comparable cell number but higher expression of bone markers genes and proteins compared to the parallel flow constructs. 25504617 4 88 theme osteogenic 953:962 arg1 differentiation 964:978 osteogenic differentiation 953:978 osteogenic differentiation measured by alkaline phosphatase 953:1011 The in vitro results showed that the interstitial flow in the transverse flow (TF) constructs reduced cell growth during the first week of culture but improved spatial cell distribution and early onset of osteogenic differentiation measured by alkaline phosphatase and expression of osteogenic genes. 25504617 4 89 theme interstitial 785:796 arg1 flow 798:801 the interstitial flow 781:801 the interstitial flow in the transverse flow (TF) constructs 781:840 The in vitro results showed that the interstitial flow in the transverse flow (TF) constructs reduced cell growth during the first week of culture but improved spatial cell distribution and early onset of osteogenic differentiation measured by alkaline phosphatase and expression of osteogenic genes. 25504617 6 90 theme CD-1 1376:1379 arg1 mice 1386:1389 CD-1 nude mice 1376:1389 CD-1 nude mice 1376:1389 To evaluate ectopic bone formation, the HCG constructs seeded with hMSCs pre-cultured under two flow configurations for 7 days were implanted in CD-1 nude mice. 25504617 2 91 theme stem 363:366 arg1 hMSC 375:378 hMSC 375:378 hMSC 375:378 Scaffolds of chitosan composites have been studied to support bone tissue regeneration from osteogenic progenitor cells including human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). 25504617 2 91 theme stem 363:366 arg1 cells 368:372 human mesenchymal stem cells 345:372 human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) 345:379 Scaffolds of chitosan composites have been studied to support bone tissue regeneration from osteogenic progenitor cells including human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). 25504617 8 92 theme flow 1626:1629 arg1 effects 1609:1615 the divergent effects 1595:1615 the divergent effects of media flow 1595:1629 The results highlight the divergent effects of media flow over the course of construct development and suggest that the flow configuration is an important parameter regulating the cellular events leading to bone construct formation in the HCG scaffolds. 25504617 5 93 theme higher 1136:1141 arg1 expression 1143:1152 higher expression 1136:1152 higher expression of bone markers genes and proteins 1136:1187 After 14 days of bioreactor culture, the TF constructs have comparable cell number but higher expression of bone markers genes and proteins compared to the parallel flow constructs. 25504617 2 94 theme human 345:349 arg1 hMSC 375:378 hMSC 375:378 hMSC 375:378 Scaffolds of chitosan composites have been studied to support bone tissue regeneration from osteogenic progenitor cells including human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). 25504617 2 94 theme human 345:349 arg1 cells 368:372 human mesenchymal stem cells 345:372 human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) 345:379 Scaffolds of chitosan composites have been studied to support bone tissue regeneration from osteogenic progenitor cells including human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). 25504617 5 95 theme flow 1214:1217 arg1 constructs 1219:1228 the parallel flow constructs 1201:1228 the parallel flow constructs 1201:1228 After 14 days of bioreactor culture, the TF constructs have comparable cell number but higher expression of bone markers genes and proteins compared to the parallel flow constructs. 28450247 4 0 theme electron 503:510 arg1 microscopy 512:521 Scanning electron microscopy 494:521 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images 494:534 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that LY and REC could be homogeneously distributed in the CS films. 28450247 4 0 theme electron 503:510 arg1 SEM 524:526 SEM 524:526 SEM 524:526 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that LY and REC could be homogeneously distributed in the CS films. 28450247 1 1 theme packing 183:189 arg1 fields 216:221 packing and biomedical materials fields 183:221 packing and biomedical materials fields 183:221 The demand for designing antibacterial materials was quite substantial in packing and biomedical materials fields. 28450247 8 2 theme CS 1085:1086 arg1 films 1088:1092 CS films 1085:1092 CS films 1085:1092 In comparison with CS films, the mechanical properties of the composite films after adding LY-REC were reduced by 27.58%, but still maintained high tensile strength. 28450247 3 3 from study 288:292 arg1 own 406:408 own 406:408 own 406:408 In this study, by incorporating lysozyme (LY) - rectorite (REC) into chitosan films, the ultimately obtained hybrid films can own the enhanced antibacterial properties and still remains good mechanical properties. 28450247 6 4 theme CS 911:912 arg1 chains 914:919 CS chains 911:919 CS chains 911:919 Small angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra revealed that some intercalation reactions occurred between CS chains and REC. 28450247 3 5 theme chitosan 349:356 arg1 films 358:362 chitosan films 349:362 chitosan films 349:362 In this study, by incorporating lysozyme (LY) - rectorite (REC) into chitosan films, the ultimately obtained hybrid films can own the enhanced antibacterial properties and still remains good mechanical properties. 28450247 3 6 from own 406:408 arg1 study 288:292 this study 283:292 this study 283:292 In this study, by incorporating lysozyme (LY) - rectorite (REC) into chitosan films, the ultimately obtained hybrid films can own the enhanced antibacterial properties and still remains good mechanical properties. 28450247 7 7 theme CS 964:965 arg1 films 967:971 the CS films 960:971 the CS films 960:971 The hydrophobic properties of the CS films were increased by the addition of LY and REC, determined by water contact angle measurement. 28450247 5 8 theme LY-REC 721:726 arg1 successful 754:763 successful 754:763 successful 754:763 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) results verified that the LY-REC incorporation process was successful. 28450247 5 8 theme LY-REC 721:726 arg1 process 742:748 the LY-REC incorporation process 717:748 the LY-REC incorporation process 717:748 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) results verified that the LY-REC incorporation process was successful. 28450247 5 9 theme Energy-dispersive 656:672 arg1 EDX 690:692 EDX 690:692 EDX 690:692 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) results verified that the LY-REC incorporation process was successful. 28450247 5 9 theme Energy-dispersive 656:672 arg1 analysis 680:687 Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis 656:687 Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) 656:693 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) results verified that the LY-REC incorporation process was successful. 28450247 1 10 from substantial 168:178 arg1 fields 216:221 packing and biomedical materials fields 183:221 packing and biomedical materials fields 183:221 The demand for designing antibacterial materials was quite substantial in packing and biomedical materials fields. 28450247 5 11 theme incorporation 728:740 arg1 successful 754:763 successful 754:763 successful 754:763 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) results verified that the LY-REC incorporation process was successful. 28450247 5 11 theme incorporation 728:740 arg1 process 742:748 the LY-REC incorporation process 717:748 the LY-REC incorporation process 717:748 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) results verified that the LY-REC incorporation process was successful. 28450247 10 12 theme food 1377:1380 arg1 fields 1392:1397 the food packaging fields 1373:1397 the food packaging fields 1373:1397 This method exhibited great application value in the food packaging fields. 28450247 5 13 theme X-ray 613:617 arg1 spectroscopy 633:644 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 613:644 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 613:650 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) results verified that the LY-REC incorporation process was successful. 28450247 5 13 theme X-ray 613:617 arg1 XPS 647:649 XPS 647:649 XPS 647:649 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) results verified that the LY-REC incorporation process was successful. 28450247 3 14 theme good 466:469 arg1 properties 482:491 good mechanical properties 466:491 good mechanical properties 466:491 In this study, by incorporating lysozyme (LY) - rectorite (REC) into chitosan films, the ultimately obtained hybrid films can own the enhanced antibacterial properties and still remains good mechanical properties. 28450247 1 15 theme biomedical 195:204 arg1 fields 216:221 packing and biomedical materials fields 183:221 packing and biomedical materials fields 183:221 The demand for designing antibacterial materials was quite substantial in packing and biomedical materials fields. 28450247 8 16 theme films 1138:1142 arg1 properties 1110:1119 the mechanical properties 1095:1119 the mechanical properties of the composite films after adding LY-REC 1095:1162 In comparison with CS films, the mechanical properties of the composite films after adding LY-REC were reduced by 27.58%, but still maintained high tensile strength. 28450247 4 17 theme Scanning 494:501 arg1 microscopy 512:521 Scanning electron microscopy 494:521 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images 494:534 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that LY and REC could be homogeneously distributed in the CS films. 28450247 4 17 theme Scanning 494:501 arg1 SEM 524:526 SEM 524:526 SEM 524:526 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that LY and REC could be homogeneously distributed in the CS films. 28450247 5 18 theme photoelectron 619:631 arg1 spectroscopy 633:644 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 613:644 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 613:650 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) results verified that the LY-REC incorporation process was successful. 28450247 5 18 theme photoelectron 619:631 arg1 XPS 647:649 XPS 647:649 XPS 647:649 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) results verified that the LY-REC incorporation process was successful. 28450247 10 19 theme packaging 1382:1390 arg1 fields 1392:1397 the food packaging fields 1373:1397 the food packaging fields 1373:1397 This method exhibited great application value in the food packaging fields. 28450247 1 20 theme materials 206:214 arg1 fields 216:221 packing and biomedical materials fields 183:221 packing and biomedical materials fields 183:221 The demand for designing antibacterial materials was quite substantial in packing and biomedical materials fields. 28450247 5 21 theme spectroscopy 633:644 arg1 results 695:701 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) results 613:701 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) results 613:701 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) results verified that the LY-REC incorporation process was successful. 28450247 7 22 theme hydrophobic 934:944 arg1 properties 946:955 The hydrophobic properties 930:955 The hydrophobic properties of the CS films 930:971 The hydrophobic properties of the CS films were increased by the addition of LY and REC, determined by water contact angle measurement. 28450247 6 23 dep diffraction 784:794 arg1 spectra 843:849 (FT-IR) spectra 835:849 (FT-IR) spectra 835:849 Small angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra revealed that some intercalation reactions occurred between CS chains and REC. 28450247 8 24 theme high 1209:1212 arg1 strength 1222:1229 high tensile strength 1209:1229 high tensile strength 1209:1229 In comparison with CS films, the mechanical properties of the composite films after adding LY-REC were reduced by 27.58%, but still maintained high tensile strength. 28450247 3 25 theme obtained 380:387 arg1 films 396:400 the ultimately obtained hybrid films 365:400 the ultimately obtained hybrid films 365:400 In this study, by incorporating lysozyme (LY) - rectorite (REC) into chitosan films, the ultimately obtained hybrid films can own the enhanced antibacterial properties and still remains good mechanical properties. 28450247 6 26 theme X-ray 778:782 arg1 diffraction 784:794 Small angle X-ray diffraction 766:794 Small angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD) 766:802 Small angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra revealed that some intercalation reactions occurred between CS chains and REC. 28450247 6 26 theme X-ray 778:782 arg1 SAXRD 797:801 SAXRD 797:801 SAXRD 797:801 Small angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra revealed that some intercalation reactions occurred between CS chains and REC. 28450247 0 27 dep enhancement 96:106 arg1 Incorporation 0:12 Incorporation 0:12 Incorporation of lysozyme-rectorite composites into chitosan films for antibacterial properties 0:94 Incorporation of lysozyme-rectorite composites into chitosan films for antibacterial properties enhancement. 28450247 8 28 theme tensile 1214:1220 arg1 strength 1222:1229 high tensile strength 1209:1229 high tensile strength 1209:1229 In comparison with CS films, the mechanical properties of the composite films after adding LY-REC were reduced by 27.58%, but still maintained high tensile strength. 28450247 3 29 theme enhanced 414:421 arg1 properties 437:446 the enhanced antibacterial properties 410:446 the enhanced antibacterial properties 410:446 In this study, by incorporating lysozyme (LY) - rectorite (REC) into chitosan films, the ultimately obtained hybrid films can own the enhanced antibacterial properties and still remains good mechanical properties. 28450247 0 30 theme composites 36:45 arg1 Incorporation 0:12 Incorporation 0:12 Incorporation of lysozyme-rectorite composites into chitosan films for antibacterial properties 0:94 Incorporation of lysozyme-rectorite composites into chitosan films for antibacterial properties enhancement. 28450247 6 31 dep transform 816:824 arg1 infrared 826:833 infrared 826:833 transform infrared 816:833 Small angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra revealed that some intercalation reactions occurred between CS chains and REC. 28450247 7 32 theme contact 1039:1045 arg1 measurement 1053:1063 water contact angle measurement 1033:1063 water contact angle measurement 1033:1063 The hydrophobic properties of the CS films were increased by the addition of LY and REC, determined by water contact angle measurement. 28450247 6 33 theme angle 772:776 arg1 diffraction 784:794 Small angle X-ray diffraction 766:794 Small angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD) 766:802 Small angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra revealed that some intercalation reactions occurred between CS chains and REC. 28450247 6 33 theme angle 772:776 arg1 SAXRD 797:801 SAXRD 797:801 SAXRD 797:801 Small angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra revealed that some intercalation reactions occurred between CS chains and REC. 28450247 7 34 theme LY 1007:1008 arg1 addition 995:1002 the addition 991:1002 the addition 991:1002 The hydrophobic properties of the CS films were increased by the addition of LY and REC, determined by water contact angle measurement. 28450247 0 35 theme lysozyme-rectorite 17:34 arg1 composites 36:45 lysozyme-rectorite composites 17:45 lysozyme-rectorite composites 17:45 Incorporation of lysozyme-rectorite composites into chitosan films for antibacterial properties enhancement. 28450247 6 36 theme FT-IR 836:840 arg1 spectra 843:849 (FT-IR) spectra 835:849 (FT-IR) spectra 835:849 Small angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra revealed that some intercalation reactions occurred between CS chains and REC. 28450247 7 37 theme angle 1047:1051 arg1 measurement 1053:1063 water contact angle measurement 1033:1063 water contact angle measurement 1033:1063 The hydrophobic properties of the CS films were increased by the addition of LY and REC, determined by water contact angle measurement. 28450247 6 38 dep Fourier 808:814 arg1 transform 816:824 transform 816:824 transform infrared 816:833 Small angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra revealed that some intercalation reactions occurred between CS chains and REC. 28450247 2 39 contain had 233:235 arg2 utilization 244:254 a wide utilization 237:254 a wide utilization to satisfy this demand 237:277 Chitosan had a wide utilization to satisfy this demand. 28450247 2 39 contain had 233:235 arg1 Chitosan 224:231 Chitosan 224:231 Chitosan 224:231 Chitosan had a wide utilization to satisfy this demand. 28450247 0 40 theme chitosan 52:59 arg1 films 61:65 chitosan films 52:65 chitosan films 52:65 Incorporation of lysozyme-rectorite composites into chitosan films for antibacterial properties enhancement. 28450247 3 41 theme antibacterial 423:435 arg1 properties 437:446 the enhanced antibacterial properties 410:446 the enhanced antibacterial properties 410:446 In this study, by incorporating lysozyme (LY) - rectorite (REC) into chitosan films, the ultimately obtained hybrid films can own the enhanced antibacterial properties and still remains good mechanical properties. 28450247 7 42 theme water 1033:1037 arg1 measurement 1053:1063 water contact angle measurement 1033:1063 water contact angle measurement 1033:1063 The hydrophobic properties of the CS films were increased by the addition of LY and REC, determined by water contact angle measurement. 28450247 6 43 theme Small 766:770 arg1 diffraction 784:794 Small angle X-ray diffraction 766:794 Small angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD) 766:802 Small angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra revealed that some intercalation reactions occurred between CS chains and REC. 28450247 6 43 theme Small 766:770 arg1 SAXRD 797:801 SAXRD 797:801 SAXRD 797:801 Small angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra revealed that some intercalation reactions occurred between CS chains and REC. 28450247 3 44 theme hybrid 389:394 arg1 films 396:400 the ultimately obtained hybrid films 365:400 the ultimately obtained hybrid films 365:400 In this study, by incorporating lysozyme (LY) - rectorite (REC) into chitosan films, the ultimately obtained hybrid films can own the enhanced antibacterial properties and still remains good mechanical properties. 28450247 8 45 theme composite 1128:1136 arg1 films 1138:1142 the composite films 1124:1142 the composite films after adding LY-REC 1124:1162 In comparison with CS films, the mechanical properties of the composite films after adding LY-REC were reduced by 27.58%, but still maintained high tensile strength. 28450247 5 46 theme X-ray 674:678 arg1 EDX 690:692 EDX 690:692 EDX 690:692 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) results verified that the LY-REC incorporation process was successful. 28450247 5 46 theme X-ray 674:678 arg1 analysis 680:687 Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis 656:687 Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) 656:693 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) results verified that the LY-REC incorporation process was successful. 28450247 6 47 theme intercalation 870:882 arg1 reactions 884:892 some intercalation reactions 865:892 some intercalation reactions 865:892 Small angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra revealed that some intercalation reactions occurred between CS chains and REC. 28450247 1 48 theme antibacterial 134:146 arg1 materials 148:156 antibacterial materials 134:156 antibacterial materials 134:156 The demand for designing antibacterial materials was quite substantial in packing and biomedical materials fields. 28450247 9 49 theme antibacterial 1245:1257 arg1 properties 1259:1268 the antibacterial properties 1241:1268 the antibacterial properties of the films 1241:1281 Besides, the antibacterial properties of the films could be enhanced by introducing LY-REC. 28450247 5 50 theme analysis 680:687 arg1 results 695:701 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) results 613:701 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) results 613:701 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) results verified that the LY-REC incorporation process was successful. 28450247 2 51 theme wide 239:242 arg1 utilization 244:254 a wide utilization 237:254 a wide utilization to satisfy this demand 237:277 Chitosan had a wide utilization to satisfy this demand. 28450247 8 52 with comparison 1069:1078 arg1 films 1088:1092 CS films 1085:1092 CS films 1085:1092 In comparison with CS films, the mechanical properties of the composite films after adding LY-REC were reduced by 27.58%, but still maintained high tensile strength. 28450247 9 53 theme films 1277:1281 arg1 properties 1259:1268 the antibacterial properties 1241:1268 the antibacterial properties of the films 1241:1281 Besides, the antibacterial properties of the films could be enhanced by introducing LY-REC. 28450247 10 54 theme application 1352:1362 arg1 value 1364:1368 great application value 1346:1368 great application value 1346:1368 This method exhibited great application value in the food packaging fields. 28450247 3 55 theme mechanical 471:480 arg1 properties 482:491 good mechanical properties 466:491 good mechanical properties 466:491 In this study, by incorporating lysozyme (LY) - rectorite (REC) into chitosan films, the ultimately obtained hybrid films can own the enhanced antibacterial properties and still remains good mechanical properties. 28450247 4 56 theme CS 603:604 arg1 films 606:610 the CS films 599:610 the CS films 599:610 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that LY and REC could be homogeneously distributed in the CS films. 28450247 7 57 theme REC 1014:1016 arg1 addition 995:1002 the addition 991:1002 the addition 991:1002 The hydrophobic properties of the CS films were increased by the addition of LY and REC, determined by water contact angle measurement. 28450247 1 58 from fields 216:221 arg1 demand 113:118 The demand 109:118 The demand for designing antibacterial materials 109:156 The demand for designing antibacterial materials was quite substantial in packing and biomedical materials fields. 28450247 1 58 from fields 216:221 arg1 substantial 168:178 substantial 168:178 substantial 168:178 The demand for designing antibacterial materials was quite substantial in packing and biomedical materials fields. 28450247 8 59 theme mechanical 1099:1108 arg1 properties 1110:1119 the mechanical properties 1095:1119 the mechanical properties of the composite films after adding LY-REC 1095:1162 In comparison with CS films, the mechanical properties of the composite films after adding LY-REC were reduced by 27.58%, but still maintained high tensile strength. 28450247 10 60 theme great 1346:1350 arg1 value 1364:1368 great application value 1346:1368 great application value 1346:1368 This method exhibited great application value in the food packaging fields. 28450247 0 61 theme antibacterial 71:83 arg1 properties 85:94 antibacterial properties 71:94 antibacterial properties 71:94 Incorporation of lysozyme-rectorite composites into chitosan films for antibacterial properties enhancement. 28450247 4 62 theme microscopy 512:521 arg1 images 529:534 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images 494:534 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images 494:534 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that LY and REC could be homogeneously distributed in the CS films. 28450247 7 63 theme films 967:971 arg1 properties 946:955 The hydrophobic properties 930:955 The hydrophobic properties of the CS films 930:971 The hydrophobic properties of the CS films were increased by the addition of LY and REC, determined by water contact angle measurement. 27254281 4 0 theme clinical 876:883 arg1 conditions 885:894 clinical conditions 876:894 clinical conditions caused by bacterial induced local metabolic acidosis or tissue inflammation 876:970 The evaluation of in vitro degradability and fatigue at two simulated body fluid (SBF) of pH 7.4 and 5.0 was also performed, in which the pH 5.0 condition simulated clinical conditions caused by bacterial induced local metabolic acidosis or tissue inflammation. 27254281 3 1 theme gelatin 557:563 arg1 effect 547:552 the effect 543:552 the effect of gelatin on mechanical properties of the composites under four different kinds of mechanical stresses including compression, tensile, bending, and impact 543:708 The work focused on the effect of gelatin on mechanical properties of the composites under four different kinds of mechanical stresses including compression, tensile, bending, and impact. 27254281 4 2 theme local 924:928 arg1 acidosis 940:947 bacterial induced local metabolic acidosis 906:947 bacterial induced local metabolic acidosis 906:947 The evaluation of in vitro degradability and fatigue at two simulated body fluid (SBF) of pH 7.4 and 5.0 was also performed, in which the pH 5.0 condition simulated clinical conditions caused by bacterial induced local metabolic acidosis or tissue inflammation. 27254281 3 3 theme composites 597:606 arg1 properties 579:588 mechanical properties 568:588 mechanical properties of the composites under four different kinds of mechanical stresses including compression, tensile, bending, and impact 568:708 The work focused on the effect of gelatin on mechanical properties of the composites under four different kinds of mechanical stresses including compression, tensile, bending, and impact. 27254281 4 4 theme pH 849:850 arg1 condition 856:864 the pH 5.0 condition 845:864 the pH 5.0 condition 845:864 The evaluation of in vitro degradability and fatigue at two simulated body fluid (SBF) of pH 7.4 and 5.0 was also performed, in which the pH 5.0 condition simulated clinical conditions caused by bacterial induced local metabolic acidosis or tissue inflammation. 27254281 1 5 theme materials 210:218 arg1 properties 182:191 the excellent mechanical properties 157:191 the excellent mechanical properties of biodegradable materials used for cortical bone graft substitutes and fracture fixation devices 157:289 To achieve the excellent mechanical properties of biodegradable materials used for cortical bone graft substitutes and fracture fixation devices remains a challenge. 27254281 2 6 theme calcium 340:346 arg1 implants 400:407 the biomimetic calcium silicate/gelatin/chitosan oligosaccharide composite implants 325:407 the biomimetic calcium silicate/gelatin/chitosan oligosaccharide composite implants 325:407 To this end, the biomimetic calcium silicate/gelatin/chitosan oligosaccharide composite implants were developed, with an aim of achieving high strength, controlled degradation, and superior osteogenic activity. 27254281 10 7 theme high 1779:1782 arg1 strength 1792:1799 high initial strength 1779:1799 high initial strength 1779:1799 The 10wt%-gelatin composite with high initial strength may be a potential implant candidate for cortical bone repair and fracture fixation applications. 27254281 10 8 theme % 1754:1754 arg1 -gelatin 1755:1762 The 10wt%-gelatin composite 1746:1772 The 10wt%-gelatin composite with high initial strength 1746:1799 The 10wt%-gelatin composite with high initial strength may be a potential implant candidate for cortical bone repair and fracture fixation applications. 27254281 10 8 theme % 1754:1754 arg1 candidate 1828:1836 a potential implant candidate 1808:1836 a potential implant candidate for cortical bone repair and fracture fixation applications 1808:1896 The 10wt%-gelatin composite with high initial strength may be a potential implant candidate for cortical bone repair and fracture fixation applications. 27254281 1 9 theme bone 238:241 arg1 graft 243:247 cortical bone graft substitutes 229:259 cortical bone graft substitutes 229:259 To achieve the excellent mechanical properties of biodegradable materials used for cortical bone graft substitutes and fracture fixation devices remains a challenge. 27254281 4 10 theme tissue 952:957 arg1 inflammation 959:970 tissue inflammation 952:970 tissue inflammation 952:970 The evaluation of in vitro degradability and fatigue at two simulated body fluid (SBF) of pH 7.4 and 5.0 was also performed, in which the pH 5.0 condition simulated clinical conditions caused by bacterial induced local metabolic acidosis or tissue inflammation. 27254281 4 11 from which 839:843 arg1 simulated 866:874 simulated 866:874 simulated 866:874 The evaluation of in vitro degradability and fatigue at two simulated body fluid (SBF) of pH 7.4 and 5.0 was also performed, in which the pH 5.0 condition simulated clinical conditions caused by bacterial induced local metabolic acidosis or tissue inflammation. 27254281 4 12 theme bacterial 906:914 arg1 acidosis 940:947 bacterial induced local metabolic acidosis 906:947 bacterial induced local metabolic acidosis 906:947 The evaluation of in vitro degradability and fatigue at two simulated body fluid (SBF) of pH 7.4 and 5.0 was also performed, in which the pH 5.0 condition simulated clinical conditions caused by bacterial induced local metabolic acidosis or tissue inflammation. 27254281 6 13 theme gelatin 1124:1130 arg1 gelatin 1124:1130 gelatin 1124:1130 gelatin 1124:1130 Experimental results showed that the appropriate amount of gelatin positively contributed to failure enhancement in compressive and impact modes. 27254281 6 13 theme gelatin 1124:1130 arg1 amount 1114:1119 the appropriate amount 1098:1119 the appropriate amount of gelatin 1098:1130 Experimental results showed that the appropriate amount of gelatin positively contributed to failure enhancement in compressive and impact modes. 27254281 5 14 theme osteogenic 1044:1053 arg1 activity 1055:1062 osteogenic activity 1044:1062 osteogenic activity 1044:1062 In addition, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were sued to examine osteogenic activity. 27254281 3 15 theme mechanical 638:647 arg1 stresses 649:656 mechanical stresses 638:656 mechanical stresses including compression, tensile, bending, and impact 638:708 The work focused on the effect of gelatin on mechanical properties of the composites under four different kinds of mechanical stresses including compression, tensile, bending, and impact. 27254281 3 15 theme mechanical 638:647 arg1 bending 690:696 bending 690:696 bending 690:696 The work focused on the effect of gelatin on mechanical properties of the composites under four different kinds of mechanical stresses including compression, tensile, bending, and impact. 27254281 3 15 theme mechanical 638:647 arg1 impact 703:708 impact 703:708 impact 703:708 The work focused on the effect of gelatin on mechanical properties of the composites under four different kinds of mechanical stresses including compression, tensile, bending, and impact. 27254281 3 15 theme mechanical 638:647 arg1 tensile 681:687 tensile 681:687 tensile 681:687 The work focused on the effect of gelatin on mechanical properties of the composites under four different kinds of mechanical stresses including compression, tensile, bending, and impact. 27254281 3 15 theme mechanical 638:647 arg1 compression 668:678 compression 668:678 compression 668:678 The work focused on the effect of gelatin on mechanical properties of the composites under four different kinds of mechanical stresses including compression, tensile, bending, and impact. 27254281 8 16 dep in 1452:1453 arg1 vitro 1455:1459 vitro 1455:1459 vitro 1455:1459 The stability of the bone implants was apparently affected by the in vitro fatigue, but not by the initial pH environments (7.4 or 5.0). 27254281 9 17 theme mineralization 1721:1734 arg1 attachment 1660:1669 attachment 1660:1669 attachment 1660:1669 The gelatin not only greatly enhanced the degradation of the composite when soaked in the dynamic SBF solution, but effectively promoted attachment, proliferation, differentiation, and formation of mineralization of hMSCs. 27254281 9 17 theme mineralization 1721:1734 arg1 differentiation 1687:1701 differentiation 1687:1701 differentiation 1687:1701 The gelatin not only greatly enhanced the degradation of the composite when soaked in the dynamic SBF solution, but effectively promoted attachment, proliferation, differentiation, and formation of mineralization of hMSCs. 27254281 9 17 theme mineralization 1721:1734 arg1 formation 1708:1716 formation 1708:1716 formation of mineralization of hMSCs 1708:1743 The gelatin not only greatly enhanced the degradation of the composite when soaked in the dynamic SBF solution, but effectively promoted attachment, proliferation, differentiation, and formation of mineralization of hMSCs. 27254281 9 17 theme mineralization 1721:1734 arg1 proliferation 1672:1684 proliferation 1672:1684 proliferation 1672:1684 The gelatin not only greatly enhanced the degradation of the composite when soaked in the dynamic SBF solution, but effectively promoted attachment, proliferation, differentiation, and formation of mineralization of hMSCs. 27254281 4 18 theme simulated 771:779 arg1 SBF 793:795 SBF 793:795 SBF 793:795 The evaluation of in vitro degradability and fatigue at two simulated body fluid (SBF) of pH 7.4 and 5.0 was also performed, in which the pH 5.0 condition simulated clinical conditions caused by bacterial induced local metabolic acidosis or tissue inflammation. 27254281 4 18 theme simulated 771:779 arg1 fluid 786:790 two simulated body fluid 767:790 two simulated body fluid (SBF) of pH 7.4 and 5.0 767:814 The evaluation of in vitro degradability and fatigue at two simulated body fluid (SBF) of pH 7.4 and 5.0 was also performed, in which the pH 5.0 condition simulated clinical conditions caused by bacterial induced local metabolic acidosis or tissue inflammation. 27254281 10 19 theme potential 1810:1818 arg1 -gelatin 1755:1762 The 10wt%-gelatin composite 1746:1772 The 10wt%-gelatin composite with high initial strength 1746:1799 The 10wt%-gelatin composite with high initial strength may be a potential implant candidate for cortical bone repair and fracture fixation applications. 27254281 10 19 theme potential 1810:1818 arg1 candidate 1828:1836 a potential implant candidate 1808:1836 a potential implant candidate for cortical bone repair and fracture fixation applications 1808:1896 The 10wt%-gelatin composite with high initial strength may be a potential implant candidate for cortical bone repair and fracture fixation applications. 27254281 9 20 theme hMSCs 1739:1743 arg1 mineralization 1721:1734 mineralization 1721:1734 mineralization of hMSCs 1721:1743 The gelatin not only greatly enhanced the degradation of the composite when soaked in the dynamic SBF solution, but effectively promoted attachment, proliferation, differentiation, and formation of mineralization of hMSCs. 27254281 8 21 theme initial 1485:1491 arg1 7.4 1510:1512 7.4 1510:1512 7.4 1510:1512 The stability of the bone implants was apparently affected by the in vitro fatigue, but not by the initial pH environments (7.4 or 5.0). 27254281 8 21 theme initial 1485:1491 arg1 environments 1496:1507 the initial pH environments 1481:1507 the initial pH environments (7.4 or 5.0) 1481:1520 The stability of the bone implants was apparently affected by the in vitro fatigue, but not by the initial pH environments (7.4 or 5.0). 27254281 8 21 theme initial 1485:1491 arg1 5.0 1517:1519 5.0 1517:1519 5.0 1517:1519 The stability of the bone implants was apparently affected by the in vitro fatigue, but not by the initial pH environments (7.4 or 5.0). 27254281 7 22 theme cortical 1371:1378 arg1 bone 1380:1383 cortical bone 1371:1383 cortical bone 1371:1383 The 10wt% gelatin-containing composite exhibits the maximum value of the compressive strength (166.1MPa), which is within the reported compressive strength for cortical bone. 27254281 0 23 theme load-bearing 79:90 arg1 graft 97:101 load-bearing bone graft 79:101 load-bearing bone graft substitutes 79:113 Acid-resistant calcium silicate-based composite implants with high-strength as load-bearing bone graft substitutes and fracture fixation devices. 27254281 1 24 theme mechanical 171:180 arg1 properties 182:191 the excellent mechanical properties 157:191 the excellent mechanical properties of biodegradable materials used for cortical bone graft substitutes and fracture fixation devices 157:289 To achieve the excellent mechanical properties of biodegradable materials used for cortical bone graft substitutes and fracture fixation devices remains a challenge. 27254281 5 25 theme human 986:990 arg1 hMSCs 1016:1020 hMSCs 1016:1020 hMSCs 1016:1020 In addition, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were sued to examine osteogenic activity. 27254281 5 25 theme human 986:990 arg1 cells 1009:1013 human mesenchymal stem cells 986:1013 human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 986:1021 In addition, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were sued to examine osteogenic activity. 27254281 2 26 theme high 450:453 arg1 strength 455:462 high strength 450:462 high strength 450:462 To this end, the biomimetic calcium silicate/gelatin/chitosan oligosaccharide composite implants were developed, with an aim of achieving high strength, controlled degradation, and superior osteogenic activity. 27254281 0 27 theme fixation 128:135 arg1 implants 48:55 composite implants 38:55 composite implants with high-strength 38:74 Acid-resistant calcium silicate-based composite implants with high-strength as load-bearing bone graft substitutes and fracture fixation devices. 27254281 0 27 theme fixation 128:135 arg1 devices 137:143 fracture fixation devices 119:143 fracture fixation devices 119:143 Acid-resistant calcium silicate-based composite implants with high-strength as load-bearing bone graft substitutes and fracture fixation devices. 27254281 5 28 theme stem 1004:1007 arg1 hMSCs 1016:1020 hMSCs 1016:1020 hMSCs 1016:1020 In addition, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were sued to examine osteogenic activity. 27254281 5 28 theme stem 1004:1007 arg1 cells 1009:1013 human mesenchymal stem cells 986:1013 human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 986:1021 In addition, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were sued to examine osteogenic activity. 27254281 2 29 theme osteogenic 502:511 arg1 activity 513:520 superior osteogenic activity 493:520 superior osteogenic activity 493:520 To this end, the biomimetic calcium silicate/gelatin/chitosan oligosaccharide composite implants were developed, with an aim of achieving high strength, controlled degradation, and superior osteogenic activity. 27254281 0 30 theme bone 92:95 arg1 graft 97:101 load-bearing bone graft 79:101 load-bearing bone graft substitutes 79:113 Acid-resistant calcium silicate-based composite implants with high-strength as load-bearing bone graft substitutes and fracture fixation devices. 27254281 0 31 theme Acid-resistant 0:13 arg1 calcium 15:21 Acid-resistant calcium 0:21 Acid-resistant calcium 0:21 Acid-resistant calcium silicate-based composite implants with high-strength as load-bearing bone graft substitutes and fracture fixation devices. 27254281 4 32 from fluid 786:790 arg1 evaluation 715:724 The evaluation 711:724 The evaluation of in vitro degradability and fatigue at two simulated body fluid (SBF) of pH 7.4 and 5.0 711:814 The evaluation of in vitro degradability and fatigue at two simulated body fluid (SBF) of pH 7.4 and 5.0 was also performed, in which the pH 5.0 condition simulated clinical conditions caused by bacterial induced local metabolic acidosis or tissue inflammation. 27254281 0 33 dep graft 97:101 arg1 substitutes 103:113 substitutes 103:113 substitutes 103:113 Acid-resistant calcium silicate-based composite implants with high-strength as load-bearing bone graft substitutes and fracture fixation devices. 27254281 7 34 theme compressive 1346:1356 arg1 strength 1358:1365 the reported compressive strength 1333:1365 the reported compressive strength for cortical bone 1333:1383 The 10wt% gelatin-containing composite exhibits the maximum value of the compressive strength (166.1MPa), which is within the reported compressive strength for cortical bone. 27254281 8 35 theme bone 1407:1410 arg1 implants 1412:1419 the bone implants 1403:1419 the bone implants 1403:1419 The stability of the bone implants was apparently affected by the in vitro fatigue, but not by the initial pH environments (7.4 or 5.0). 27254281 6 36 from enhancement 1166:1176 arg1 modes 1204:1208 compressive and impact modes 1181:1208 compressive and impact modes 1181:1208 Experimental results showed that the appropriate amount of gelatin positively contributed to failure enhancement in compressive and impact modes. 27254281 10 37 theme cortical 1842:1849 arg1 applications 1885:1896 cortical bone repair and fracture fixation applications 1842:1896 cortical bone repair and fracture fixation applications 1842:1896 The 10wt%-gelatin composite with high initial strength may be a potential implant candidate for cortical bone repair and fracture fixation applications. 27254281 9 38 theme composite 1584:1592 arg1 degradation 1565:1575 the degradation 1561:1575 the degradation of the composite 1561:1592 The gelatin not only greatly enhanced the degradation of the composite when soaked in the dynamic SBF solution, but effectively promoted attachment, proliferation, differentiation, and formation of mineralization of hMSCs. 27254281 10 39 theme fracture 1867:1874 arg1 fixation 1876:1883 fracture fixation 1867:1883 fracture fixation 1867:1883 The 10wt%-gelatin composite with high initial strength may be a potential implant candidate for cortical bone repair and fracture fixation applications. 27254281 4 40 theme 5.0 812:814 arg1 SBF 793:795 SBF 793:795 SBF 793:795 The evaluation of in vitro degradability and fatigue at two simulated body fluid (SBF) of pH 7.4 and 5.0 was also performed, in which the pH 5.0 condition simulated clinical conditions caused by bacterial induced local metabolic acidosis or tissue inflammation. 27254281 4 40 theme 5.0 812:814 arg1 fluid 786:790 two simulated body fluid 767:790 two simulated body fluid (SBF) of pH 7.4 and 5.0 767:814 The evaluation of in vitro degradability and fatigue at two simulated body fluid (SBF) of pH 7.4 and 5.0 was also performed, in which the pH 5.0 condition simulated clinical conditions caused by bacterial induced local metabolic acidosis or tissue inflammation. 27254281 2 41 theme composite 390:398 arg1 implants 400:407 the biomimetic calcium silicate/gelatin/chitosan oligosaccharide composite implants 325:407 the biomimetic calcium silicate/gelatin/chitosan oligosaccharide composite implants 325:407 To this end, the biomimetic calcium silicate/gelatin/chitosan oligosaccharide composite implants were developed, with an aim of achieving high strength, controlled degradation, and superior osteogenic activity. 27254281 10 42 theme repair 1856:1861 arg1 applications 1885:1896 cortical bone repair and fracture fixation applications 1842:1896 cortical bone repair and fracture fixation applications 1842:1896 The 10wt%-gelatin composite with high initial strength may be a potential implant candidate for cortical bone repair and fracture fixation applications. 27254281 1 43 theme fixation 274:281 arg1 devices 283:289 fracture fixation devices 265:289 fracture fixation devices 265:289 To achieve the excellent mechanical properties of biodegradable materials used for cortical bone graft substitutes and fracture fixation devices remains a challenge. 27254281 9 44 theme SBF 1621:1623 arg1 solution 1625:1632 the dynamic SBF solution 1609:1632 the dynamic SBF solution 1609:1632 The gelatin not only greatly enhanced the degradation of the composite when soaked in the dynamic SBF solution, but effectively promoted attachment, proliferation, differentiation, and formation of mineralization of hMSCs. 27254281 7 45 theme strength 1296:1303 arg1 value 1271:1275 the maximum value 1259:1275 the maximum value of the compressive strength (166.1MPa), which is within the reported compressive strength for cortical bone 1259:1383 The 10wt% gelatin-containing composite exhibits the maximum value of the compressive strength (166.1MPa), which is within the reported compressive strength for cortical bone. 27254281 0 46 with implants 48:55 arg1 high-strength 62:74 high-strength 62:74 high-strength 62:74 Acid-resistant calcium silicate-based composite implants with high-strength as load-bearing bone graft substitutes and fracture fixation devices. 27254281 6 47 theme appropriate 1102:1112 arg1 gelatin 1124:1130 gelatin 1124:1130 gelatin 1124:1130 Experimental results showed that the appropriate amount of gelatin positively contributed to failure enhancement in compressive and impact modes. 27254281 6 47 theme appropriate 1102:1112 arg1 amount 1114:1119 the appropriate amount 1098:1119 the appropriate amount of gelatin 1098:1130 Experimental results showed that the appropriate amount of gelatin positively contributed to failure enhancement in compressive and impact modes. 27254281 10 48 theme 10wt 1750:1753 arg1 -gelatin 1755:1762 The 10wt%-gelatin composite 1746:1772 The 10wt%-gelatin composite with high initial strength 1746:1799 The 10wt%-gelatin composite with high initial strength may be a potential implant candidate for cortical bone repair and fracture fixation applications. 27254281 10 48 theme 10wt 1750:1753 arg1 candidate 1828:1836 a potential implant candidate 1808:1836 a potential implant candidate for cortical bone repair and fracture fixation applications 1808:1896 The 10wt%-gelatin composite with high initial strength may be a potential implant candidate for cortical bone repair and fracture fixation applications. 27254281 2 49 theme silicate/gelatin/chitosan 348:372 arg1 implants 400:407 the biomimetic calcium silicate/gelatin/chitosan oligosaccharide composite implants 325:407 the biomimetic calcium silicate/gelatin/chitosan oligosaccharide composite implants 325:407 To this end, the biomimetic calcium silicate/gelatin/chitosan oligosaccharide composite implants were developed, with an aim of achieving high strength, controlled degradation, and superior osteogenic activity. 27254281 1 50 theme biodegradable 196:208 arg1 materials 210:218 biodegradable materials 196:218 biodegradable materials used for cortical bone graft substitutes and fracture fixation devices 196:289 To achieve the excellent mechanical properties of biodegradable materials used for cortical bone graft substitutes and fracture fixation devices remains a challenge. 27254281 6 51 theme impact 1197:1202 arg1 modes 1204:1208 compressive and impact modes 1181:1208 compressive and impact modes 1181:1208 Experimental results showed that the appropriate amount of gelatin positively contributed to failure enhancement in compressive and impact modes. 27254281 3 52 theme different 619:627 arg1 kinds 629:633 four different kinds 614:633 four different kinds of mechanical stresses including compression, tensile, bending, and impact 614:708 The work focused on the effect of gelatin on mechanical properties of the composites under four different kinds of mechanical stresses including compression, tensile, bending, and impact. 27254281 6 53 theme compressive 1181:1191 arg1 modes 1204:1208 compressive and impact modes 1181:1208 compressive and impact modes 1181:1208 Experimental results showed that the appropriate amount of gelatin positively contributed to failure enhancement in compressive and impact modes. 27254281 3 54 from effect 547:552 arg1 properties 579:588 mechanical properties 568:588 mechanical properties of the composites under four different kinds of mechanical stresses including compression, tensile, bending, and impact 568:708 The work focused on the effect of gelatin on mechanical properties of the composites under four different kinds of mechanical stresses including compression, tensile, bending, and impact. 27254281 2 55 theme biomimetic 329:338 arg1 implants 400:407 the biomimetic calcium silicate/gelatin/chitosan oligosaccharide composite implants 325:407 the biomimetic calcium silicate/gelatin/chitosan oligosaccharide composite implants 325:407 To this end, the biomimetic calcium silicate/gelatin/chitosan oligosaccharide composite implants were developed, with an aim of achieving high strength, controlled degradation, and superior osteogenic activity. 27254281 1 56 theme cortical 229:236 arg1 graft 243:247 cortical bone graft substitutes 229:259 cortical bone graft substitutes 229:259 To achieve the excellent mechanical properties of biodegradable materials used for cortical bone graft substitutes and fracture fixation devices remains a challenge. 27254281 10 57 theme composite 1764:1772 arg1 -gelatin 1755:1762 The 10wt%-gelatin composite 1746:1772 The 10wt%-gelatin composite with high initial strength 1746:1799 The 10wt%-gelatin composite with high initial strength may be a potential implant candidate for cortical bone repair and fracture fixation applications. 27254281 10 57 theme composite 1764:1772 arg1 candidate 1828:1836 a potential implant candidate 1808:1836 a potential implant candidate for cortical bone repair and fracture fixation applications 1808:1896 The 10wt%-gelatin composite with high initial strength may be a potential implant candidate for cortical bone repair and fracture fixation applications. 27254281 4 58 theme metabolic 930:938 arg1 acidosis 940:947 bacterial induced local metabolic acidosis 906:947 bacterial induced local metabolic acidosis 906:947 The evaluation of in vitro degradability and fatigue at two simulated body fluid (SBF) of pH 7.4 and 5.0 was also performed, in which the pH 5.0 condition simulated clinical conditions caused by bacterial induced local metabolic acidosis or tissue inflammation. 27254281 3 59 theme stresses 649:656 arg1 kinds 629:633 four different kinds 614:633 four different kinds of mechanical stresses including compression, tensile, bending, and impact 614:708 The work focused on the effect of gelatin on mechanical properties of the composites under four different kinds of mechanical stresses including compression, tensile, bending, and impact. 27254281 7 60 theme gelatin-containing 1221:1238 arg1 composite 1240:1248 The 10wt% gelatin-containing composite 1211:1248 The 10wt% gelatin-containing composite 1211:1248 The 10wt% gelatin-containing composite exhibits the maximum value of the compressive strength (166.1MPa), which is within the reported compressive strength for cortical bone. 27254281 10 61 theme initial 1784:1790 arg1 strength 1792:1799 high initial strength 1779:1799 high initial strength 1779:1799 The 10wt%-gelatin composite with high initial strength may be a potential implant candidate for cortical bone repair and fracture fixation applications. 27254281 4 62 theme fatigue 756:762 arg1 evaluation 715:724 The evaluation 711:724 The evaluation of in vitro degradability and fatigue at two simulated body fluid (SBF) of pH 7.4 and 5.0 711:814 The evaluation of in vitro degradability and fatigue at two simulated body fluid (SBF) of pH 7.4 and 5.0 was also performed, in which the pH 5.0 condition simulated clinical conditions caused by bacterial induced local metabolic acidosis or tissue inflammation. 27254281 1 63 dep graft 243:247 arg1 substitutes 249:259 substitutes 249:259 substitutes 249:259 To achieve the excellent mechanical properties of biodegradable materials used for cortical bone graft substitutes and fracture fixation devices remains a challenge. 27254281 10 64 theme implant 1820:1826 arg1 -gelatin 1755:1762 The 10wt%-gelatin composite 1746:1772 The 10wt%-gelatin composite with high initial strength 1746:1799 The 10wt%-gelatin composite with high initial strength may be a potential implant candidate for cortical bone repair and fracture fixation applications. 27254281 10 64 theme implant 1820:1826 arg1 candidate 1828:1836 a potential implant candidate 1808:1836 a potential implant candidate for cortical bone repair and fracture fixation applications 1808:1896 The 10wt%-gelatin composite with high initial strength may be a potential implant candidate for cortical bone repair and fracture fixation applications. 27254281 4 65 theme induced 916:922 arg1 acidosis 940:947 bacterial induced local metabolic acidosis 906:947 bacterial induced local metabolic acidosis 906:947 The evaluation of in vitro degradability and fatigue at two simulated body fluid (SBF) of pH 7.4 and 5.0 was also performed, in which the pH 5.0 condition simulated clinical conditions caused by bacterial induced local metabolic acidosis or tissue inflammation. 27254281 8 66 theme pH 1493:1494 arg1 7.4 1510:1512 7.4 1510:1512 7.4 1510:1512 The stability of the bone implants was apparently affected by the in vitro fatigue, but not by the initial pH environments (7.4 or 5.0). 27254281 8 66 theme pH 1493:1494 arg1 environments 1496:1507 the initial pH environments 1481:1507 the initial pH environments (7.4 or 5.0) 1481:1520 The stability of the bone implants was apparently affected by the in vitro fatigue, but not by the initial pH environments (7.4 or 5.0). 27254281 8 66 theme pH 1493:1494 arg1 5.0 1517:1519 5.0 1517:1519 5.0 1517:1519 The stability of the bone implants was apparently affected by the in vitro fatigue, but not by the initial pH environments (7.4 or 5.0). 27254281 7 67 theme maximum 1263:1269 arg1 value 1271:1275 the maximum value 1259:1275 the maximum value of the compressive strength (166.1MPa), which is within the reported compressive strength for cortical bone 1259:1383 The 10wt% gelatin-containing composite exhibits the maximum value of the compressive strength (166.1MPa), which is within the reported compressive strength for cortical bone. 27254281 1 68 theme excellent 161:169 arg1 properties 182:191 the excellent mechanical properties 157:191 the excellent mechanical properties of biodegradable materials used for cortical bone graft substitutes and fracture fixation devices 157:289 To achieve the excellent mechanical properties of biodegradable materials used for cortical bone graft substitutes and fracture fixation devices remains a challenge. 27254281 4 69 theme in 729:730 arg1 degradability 738:750 in vitro degradability 729:750 in vitro degradability 729:750 The evaluation of in vitro degradability and fatigue at two simulated body fluid (SBF) of pH 7.4 and 5.0 was also performed, in which the pH 5.0 condition simulated clinical conditions caused by bacterial induced local metabolic acidosis or tissue inflammation. 27254281 10 70 with -gelatin 1755:1762 arg1 strength 1792:1799 high initial strength 1779:1799 high initial strength 1779:1799 The 10wt%-gelatin composite with high initial strength may be a potential implant candidate for cortical bone repair and fracture fixation applications. 27254281 4 71 theme degradability 738:750 arg1 evaluation 715:724 The evaluation 711:724 The evaluation of in vitro degradability and fatigue at two simulated body fluid (SBF) of pH 7.4 and 5.0 711:814 The evaluation of in vitro degradability and fatigue at two simulated body fluid (SBF) of pH 7.4 and 5.0 was also performed, in which the pH 5.0 condition simulated clinical conditions caused by bacterial induced local metabolic acidosis or tissue inflammation. 27254281 0 72 theme fracture 119:126 arg1 implants 48:55 composite implants 38:55 composite implants with high-strength 38:74 Acid-resistant calcium silicate-based composite implants with high-strength as load-bearing bone graft substitutes and fracture fixation devices. 27254281 0 72 theme fracture 119:126 arg1 devices 137:143 fracture fixation devices 119:143 fracture fixation devices 119:143 Acid-resistant calcium silicate-based composite implants with high-strength as load-bearing bone graft substitutes and fracture fixation devices. 27254281 4 73 from simulated 866:874 arg1 which 839:843 which 839:843 which 839:843 The evaluation of in vitro degradability and fatigue at two simulated body fluid (SBF) of pH 7.4 and 5.0 was also performed, in which the pH 5.0 condition simulated clinical conditions caused by bacterial induced local metabolic acidosis or tissue inflammation. 27254281 7 74 theme 10wt 1215:1218 arg1 composite 1240:1248 The 10wt% gelatin-containing composite 1211:1248 The 10wt% gelatin-containing composite 1211:1248 The 10wt% gelatin-containing composite exhibits the maximum value of the compressive strength (166.1MPa), which is within the reported compressive strength for cortical bone. 27254281 5 75 theme mesenchymal 992:1002 arg1 hMSCs 1016:1020 hMSCs 1016:1020 hMSCs 1016:1020 In addition, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were sued to examine osteogenic activity. 27254281 5 75 theme mesenchymal 992:1002 arg1 cells 1009:1013 human mesenchymal stem cells 986:1013 human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 986:1021 In addition, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were sued to examine osteogenic activity. 27254281 4 76 theme pH 801:802 arg1 SBF 793:795 SBF 793:795 SBF 793:795 The evaluation of in vitro degradability and fatigue at two simulated body fluid (SBF) of pH 7.4 and 5.0 was also performed, in which the pH 5.0 condition simulated clinical conditions caused by bacterial induced local metabolic acidosis or tissue inflammation. 27254281 4 76 theme pH 801:802 arg1 fluid 786:790 two simulated body fluid 767:790 two simulated body fluid (SBF) of pH 7.4 and 5.0 767:814 The evaluation of in vitro degradability and fatigue at two simulated body fluid (SBF) of pH 7.4 and 5.0 was also performed, in which the pH 5.0 condition simulated clinical conditions caused by bacterial induced local metabolic acidosis or tissue inflammation. 27254281 7 77 theme reported 1337:1344 arg1 strength 1358:1365 the reported compressive strength 1333:1365 the reported compressive strength for cortical bone 1333:1383 The 10wt% gelatin-containing composite exhibits the maximum value of the compressive strength (166.1MPa), which is within the reported compressive strength for cortical bone. 27254281 2 78 theme superior 493:500 arg1 activity 513:520 superior osteogenic activity 493:520 superior osteogenic activity 493:520 To this end, the biomimetic calcium silicate/gelatin/chitosan oligosaccharide composite implants were developed, with an aim of achieving high strength, controlled degradation, and superior osteogenic activity. 27254281 4 79 theme body 781:784 arg1 SBF 793:795 SBF 793:795 SBF 793:795 The evaluation of in vitro degradability and fatigue at two simulated body fluid (SBF) of pH 7.4 and 5.0 was also performed, in which the pH 5.0 condition simulated clinical conditions caused by bacterial induced local metabolic acidosis or tissue inflammation. 27254281 4 79 theme body 781:784 arg1 fluid 786:790 two simulated body fluid 767:790 two simulated body fluid (SBF) of pH 7.4 and 5.0 767:814 The evaluation of in vitro degradability and fatigue at two simulated body fluid (SBF) of pH 7.4 and 5.0 was also performed, in which the pH 5.0 condition simulated clinical conditions caused by bacterial induced local metabolic acidosis or tissue inflammation. 27254281 0 80 theme composite 38:46 arg1 implants 48:55 composite implants 38:55 composite implants with high-strength 38:74 Acid-resistant calcium silicate-based composite implants with high-strength as load-bearing bone graft substitutes and fracture fixation devices. 27254281 0 80 theme composite 38:46 arg1 devices 137:143 fracture fixation devices 119:143 fracture fixation devices 119:143 Acid-resistant calcium silicate-based composite implants with high-strength as load-bearing bone graft substitutes and fracture fixation devices. 27254281 6 81 theme Experimental 1065:1076 arg1 results 1078:1084 Experimental results 1065:1084 Experimental results 1065:1084 Experimental results showed that the appropriate amount of gelatin positively contributed to failure enhancement in compressive and impact modes. 27254281 10 82 theme bone 1851:1854 arg1 repair 1856:1861 bone repair 1851:1861 bone repair 1851:1861 The 10wt%-gelatin composite with high initial strength may be a potential implant candidate for cortical bone repair and fracture fixation applications. 27254281 2 83 theme controlled 465:474 arg1 degradation 476:486 controlled degradation 465:486 controlled degradation 465:486 To this end, the biomimetic calcium silicate/gelatin/chitosan oligosaccharide composite implants were developed, with an aim of achieving high strength, controlled degradation, and superior osteogenic activity. 27254281 8 84 theme implants 1412:1419 arg1 stability 1390:1398 The stability 1386:1398 The stability of the bone implants 1386:1419 The stability of the bone implants was apparently affected by the in vitro fatigue, but not by the initial pH environments (7.4 or 5.0). 27254281 7 85 theme % 1219:1219 arg1 composite 1240:1248 The 10wt% gelatin-containing composite 1211:1248 The 10wt% gelatin-containing composite 1211:1248 The 10wt% gelatin-containing composite exhibits the maximum value of the compressive strength (166.1MPa), which is within the reported compressive strength for cortical bone. 27254281 6 86 theme failure 1158:1164 arg1 enhancement 1166:1176 failure enhancement 1158:1176 failure enhancement in compressive and impact modes 1158:1208 Experimental results showed that the appropriate amount of gelatin positively contributed to failure enhancement in compressive and impact modes. 27254281 10 87 theme fixation 1876:1883 arg1 applications 1885:1896 cortical bone repair and fracture fixation applications 1842:1896 cortical bone repair and fracture fixation applications 1842:1896 The 10wt%-gelatin composite with high initial strength may be a potential implant candidate for cortical bone repair and fracture fixation applications. 27254281 4 88 dep in 729:730 arg1 vitro 732:736 vitro 732:736 vitro 732:736 The evaluation of in vitro degradability and fatigue at two simulated body fluid (SBF) of pH 7.4 and 5.0 was also performed, in which the pH 5.0 condition simulated clinical conditions caused by bacterial induced local metabolic acidosis or tissue inflammation. 27254281 2 89 theme oligosaccharide 374:388 arg1 implants 400:407 the biomimetic calcium silicate/gelatin/chitosan oligosaccharide composite implants 325:407 the biomimetic calcium silicate/gelatin/chitosan oligosaccharide composite implants 325:407 To this end, the biomimetic calcium silicate/gelatin/chitosan oligosaccharide composite implants were developed, with an aim of achieving high strength, controlled degradation, and superior osteogenic activity. 27254281 1 90 theme fracture 265:272 arg1 devices 283:289 fracture fixation devices 265:289 fracture fixation devices 265:289 To achieve the excellent mechanical properties of biodegradable materials used for cortical bone graft substitutes and fracture fixation devices remains a challenge. 27254281 9 91 theme dynamic 1613:1619 arg1 solution 1625:1632 the dynamic SBF solution 1609:1632 the dynamic SBF solution 1609:1632 The gelatin not only greatly enhanced the degradation of the composite when soaked in the dynamic SBF solution, but effectively promoted attachment, proliferation, differentiation, and formation of mineralization of hMSCs. 27254281 7 92 theme compressive 1284:1294 arg1 166.1MPa 1306:1313 166.1MPa 1306:1313 166.1MPa 1306:1313 The 10wt% gelatin-containing composite exhibits the maximum value of the compressive strength (166.1MPa), which is within the reported compressive strength for cortical bone. 27254281 7 92 theme compressive 1284:1294 arg1 strength 1296:1303 the compressive strength 1280:1303 the compressive strength (166.1MPa) 1280:1314 The 10wt% gelatin-containing composite exhibits the maximum value of the compressive strength (166.1MPa), which is within the reported compressive strength for cortical bone. 27254281 8 93 theme in 1452:1453 arg1 fatigue 1461:1467 the in vitro fatigue 1448:1467 the in vitro fatigue 1448:1467 The stability of the bone implants was apparently affected by the in vitro fatigue, but not by the initial pH environments (7.4 or 5.0). 27254281 3 94 theme mechanical 568:577 arg1 properties 579:588 mechanical properties 568:588 mechanical properties of the composites under four different kinds of mechanical stresses including compression, tensile, bending, and impact 568:708 The work focused on the effect of gelatin on mechanical properties of the composites under four different kinds of mechanical stresses including compression, tensile, bending, and impact. 26157355 10 0 theme precise 1423:1429 arg1 prediction 1437:1446 a more precise tumor prediction 1416:1446 a more precise tumor prediction 1416:1446 CONCLUSION Our findings should facilitate a more precise tumor prediction than currently possible, ultimately resulting in improved tumor diagnosis and treatment. 26157355 4 1 theme many 575:578 arg1 glycoproteins 580:592 many glycoproteins 575:592 many glycoproteins 575:592 The function of many glycoproteins is critically dependent on their glycosylation pattern, which in turn has the potential to serve in tumor detection. 26157355 9 2 theme glycosylation 1163:1175 arg1 entities 1177:1184 These glycosylation entities 1157:1184 These glycosylation entities 1157:1184 These glycosylation entities were identified as bi-antennary, tri-antennary and tetra-antennary structures carrying sialic acid and fucose residues, and include a multitude of glycans previously not reported for CEA. 26157355 9 2 theme glycosylation 1163:1175 arg1 structures 1253:1262 bi-antennary, tri-antennary and tetra-antennary structures 1205:1262 bi-antennary, tri-antennary and tetra-antennary structures carrying sialic acid and fucose residues 1205:1303 These glycosylation entities were identified as bi-antennary, tri-antennary and tetra-antennary structures carrying sialic acid and fucose residues, and include a multitude of glycans previously not reported for CEA. 26157355 9 2 theme glycosylation 1163:1175 arg1 multitude 1320:1328 a multitude 1318:1328 a multitude of glycans previously not reported for CEA 1318:1371 These glycosylation entities were identified as bi-antennary, tri-antennary and tetra-antennary structures carrying sialic acid and fucose residues, and include a multitude of glycans previously not reported for CEA. 26157355 6 3 theme human 859:863 arg1 tissues 871:877 human tumor tissues 859:877 human tumor tissues using immunoaffinity chromatography 859:913 METHODS To determine these patterns, we isolated and purified CEA proteins from human tumor tissues using immunoaffinity chromatography. 26157355 1 4 theme human 154:158 arg1 serum 160:164 human serum 154:164 human serum 154:164 BACKGROUND Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a protein commonly found in human serum, with elevated CEA levels being linked to the progression of a wide range of tumors. 26157355 1 5 theme wide 229:232 arg1 range 234:238 a wide range 227:238 a wide range of tumors 227:248 BACKGROUND Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a protein commonly found in human serum, with elevated CEA levels being linked to the progression of a wide range of tumors. 26157355 7 6 theme Matrix-Assisted 970:984 arg1 Desorption/Ionization-Time 992:1017 a Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time 968:1017 a Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry(3) (MALDI-TOF-MS(3)) approach 968:1075 The glycan patterns of CEA were then analyzed using a Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry(3) (MALDI-TOF-MS(3)) approach. 26157355 3 7 theme low 451:453 arg1 specificity 455:465 its low specificity 447:465 its low specificity in clinical applications 447:490 However, due to its low specificity in clinical applications, CEA can be used for monitoring only, rather than tumor diagnosis. 26157355 1 8 theme range 234:238 arg1 progression 212:222 the progression 208:222 the progression of a wide range of tumors 208:248 BACKGROUND Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a protein commonly found in human serum, with elevated CEA levels being linked to the progression of a wide range of tumors. 26157355 7 9 theme approach 1068:1075 arg1 Desorption/Ionization-Time 992:1017 a Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time 968:1017 a Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry(3) (MALDI-TOF-MS(3)) approach 968:1075 The glycan patterns of CEA were then analyzed using a Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry(3) (MALDI-TOF-MS(3)) approach. 26157355 1 10 located found 145:149 arg1 serum 160:164 human serum 154:164 human serum 154:164 BACKGROUND Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a protein commonly found in human serum, with elevated CEA levels being linked to the progression of a wide range of tumors. 26157355 1 10 located found 145:149 arg2 protein 128:134 a protein 126:134 a protein commonly found in human serum, with elevated CEA levels being linked to the progression of a wide range of tumors 126:248 BACKGROUND Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a protein commonly found in human serum, with elevated CEA levels being linked to the progression of a wide range of tumors. 26157355 1 10 located found 145:149 arg2 antigen 109:115 BACKGROUND Carcinoembryonic antigen 81:115 BACKGROUND Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) 81:121 BACKGROUND Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a protein commonly found in human serum, with elevated CEA levels being linked to the progression of a wide range of tumors. 26157355 7 11 theme Laser 986:990 arg1 Desorption/Ionization-Time 992:1017 a Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time 968:1017 a Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry(3) (MALDI-TOF-MS(3)) approach 968:1075 The glycan patterns of CEA were then analyzed using a Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry(3) (MALDI-TOF-MS(3)) approach. 26157355 6 12 theme CEA 841:843 arg1 proteins 845:852 CEA proteins 841:852 CEA proteins 841:852 METHODS To determine these patterns, we isolated and purified CEA proteins from human tumor tissues using immunoaffinity chromatography. 26157355 10 13 theme tumor 1431:1435 arg1 prediction 1437:1446 a more precise tumor prediction 1416:1446 a more precise tumor prediction 1416:1446 CONCLUSION Our findings should facilitate a more precise tumor prediction than currently possible, ultimately resulting in improved tumor diagnosis and treatment. 26157355 8 14 theme tumor 1117:1121 arg1 tissue 1123:1128 tumor tissue 1117:1128 tumor tissue 1117:1128 RESULTS We identified 61 glycoforms in tumor tissue, where CEA is upregulated. 26157355 10 15 theme tumor 1506:1510 arg1 diagnosis 1512:1520 improved tumor diagnosis 1497:1520 improved tumor diagnosis 1497:1520 CONCLUSION Our findings should facilitate a more precise tumor prediction than currently possible, ultimately resulting in improved tumor diagnosis and treatment. 26157355 1 16 theme BACKGROUND 81:90 arg1 antigen 109:115 BACKGROUND Carcinoembryonic antigen 81:115 BACKGROUND Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) 81:121 BACKGROUND Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a protein commonly found in human serum, with elevated CEA levels being linked to the progression of a wide range of tumors. 26157355 1 16 theme BACKGROUND 81:90 arg1 protein 128:134 a protein 126:134 a protein commonly found in human serum, with elevated CEA levels being linked to the progression of a wide range of tumors 126:248 BACKGROUND Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a protein commonly found in human serum, with elevated CEA levels being linked to the progression of a wide range of tumors. 26157355 1 16 theme BACKGROUND 81:90 arg1 CEA 118:120 CEA 118:120 CEA 118:120 BACKGROUND Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a protein commonly found in human serum, with elevated CEA levels being linked to the progression of a wide range of tumors. 26157355 2 17 theme cancer 340:345 arg1 [Urol 347:351 colorectal cancer [Urol 329:351 colorectal cancer [Urol Oncol: Semin Orig Invest 352: 644-648, 2013 and Lung Cancer 80: 45-49, 2013] 329:428 It is currently used as a biomarker for malign tumors such as lung cancer and colorectal cancer [Urol Oncol: Semin Orig Invest 352: 644-648, 2013 and Lung Cancer 80: 45-49, 2013]. 26157355 10 18 theme improved 1497:1504 arg1 diagnosis 1512:1520 improved tumor diagnosis 1497:1520 improved tumor diagnosis 1497:1520 CONCLUSION Our findings should facilitate a more precise tumor prediction than currently possible, ultimately resulting in improved tumor diagnosis and treatment. 26157355 9 19 theme tri-antennary 1219:1231 arg1 entities 1177:1184 These glycosylation entities 1157:1184 These glycosylation entities 1157:1184 These glycosylation entities were identified as bi-antennary, tri-antennary and tetra-antennary structures carrying sialic acid and fucose residues, and include a multitude of glycans previously not reported for CEA. 26157355 9 19 theme tri-antennary 1219:1231 arg1 structures 1253:1262 bi-antennary, tri-antennary and tetra-antennary structures 1205:1262 bi-antennary, tri-antennary and tetra-antennary structures carrying sialic acid and fucose residues 1205:1303 These glycosylation entities were identified as bi-antennary, tri-antennary and tetra-antennary structures carrying sialic acid and fucose residues, and include a multitude of glycans previously not reported for CEA. 26157355 9 19 theme tri-antennary 1219:1231 arg1 multitude 1320:1328 a multitude 1318:1328 a multitude of glycans previously not reported for CEA 1318:1371 These glycosylation entities were identified as bi-antennary, tri-antennary and tetra-antennary structures carrying sialic acid and fucose residues, and include a multitude of glycans previously not reported for CEA. 26157355 1 20 theme Carcinoembryonic 92:107 arg1 antigen 109:115 BACKGROUND Carcinoembryonic antigen 81:115 BACKGROUND Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) 81:121 BACKGROUND Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a protein commonly found in human serum, with elevated CEA levels being linked to the progression of a wide range of tumors. 26157355 1 20 theme Carcinoembryonic 92:107 arg1 protein 128:134 a protein 126:134 a protein commonly found in human serum, with elevated CEA levels being linked to the progression of a wide range of tumors 126:248 BACKGROUND Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a protein commonly found in human serum, with elevated CEA levels being linked to the progression of a wide range of tumors. 26157355 1 20 theme Carcinoembryonic 92:107 arg1 CEA 118:120 CEA 118:120 CEA 118:120 BACKGROUND Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a protein commonly found in human serum, with elevated CEA levels being linked to the progression of a wide range of tumors. 26157355 7 21 theme glycan 920:925 arg1 patterns 927:934 The glycan patterns 916:934 The glycan patterns of CEA 916:941 The glycan patterns of CEA were then analyzed using a Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry(3) (MALDI-TOF-MS(3)) approach. 26157355 2 22 theme colorectal 329:338 arg1 [Urol 347:351 colorectal cancer [Urol 329:351 colorectal cancer [Urol Oncol: Semin Orig Invest 352: 644-648, 2013 and Lung Cancer 80: 45-49, 2013] 329:428 It is currently used as a biomarker for malign tumors such as lung cancer and colorectal cancer [Urol Oncol: Semin Orig Invest 352: 644-648, 2013 and Lung Cancer 80: 45-49, 2013]. 26157355 0 23 theme Glycomic 0:7 arg1 profiling 9:17 Glycomic profiling 0:17 Glycomic profiling of carcinoembryonic antigen 0:45 Glycomic profiling of carcinoembryonic antigen isolated from human tumor tissue. 26157355 1 24 theme tumors 243:248 arg1 range 234:238 a wide range 227:238 a wide range of tumors 227:248 BACKGROUND Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a protein commonly found in human serum, with elevated CEA levels being linked to the progression of a wide range of tumors. 26157355 1 25 theme elevated 172:179 arg1 levels 185:190 elevated CEA levels 172:190 elevated CEA levels 172:190 BACKGROUND Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a protein commonly found in human serum, with elevated CEA levels being linked to the progression of a wide range of tumors. 26157355 0 26 theme carcinoembryonic 22:37 arg1 antigen 39:45 carcinoembryonic antigen 22:45 carcinoembryonic antigen 22:45 Glycomic profiling of carcinoembryonic antigen isolated from human tumor tissue. 26157355 9 27 theme bi-antennary 1205:1216 arg1 entities 1177:1184 These glycosylation entities 1157:1184 These glycosylation entities 1157:1184 These glycosylation entities were identified as bi-antennary, tri-antennary and tetra-antennary structures carrying sialic acid and fucose residues, and include a multitude of glycans previously not reported for CEA. 26157355 9 27 theme bi-antennary 1205:1216 arg1 structures 1253:1262 bi-antennary, tri-antennary and tetra-antennary structures 1205:1262 bi-antennary, tri-antennary and tetra-antennary structures carrying sialic acid and fucose residues 1205:1303 These glycosylation entities were identified as bi-antennary, tri-antennary and tetra-antennary structures carrying sialic acid and fucose residues, and include a multitude of glycans previously not reported for CEA. 26157355 9 27 theme bi-antennary 1205:1216 arg1 multitude 1320:1328 a multitude 1318:1328 a multitude of glycans previously not reported for CEA 1318:1371 These glycosylation entities were identified as bi-antennary, tri-antennary and tetra-antennary structures carrying sialic acid and fucose residues, and include a multitude of glycans previously not reported for CEA. 26157355 4 28 gly glycoproteins 580:592 arg1 glycoproteins 580:592 many glycoproteins 575:592 many glycoproteins 575:592 The function of many glycoproteins is critically dependent on their glycosylation pattern, which in turn has the potential to serve in tumor detection. 26157355 1 29 theme CEA 181:183 arg1 levels 185:190 elevated CEA levels 172:190 elevated CEA levels 172:190 BACKGROUND Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a protein commonly found in human serum, with elevated CEA levels being linked to the progression of a wide range of tumors. 26157355 9 30 theme sialic 1273:1278 arg1 acid 1280:1283 sialic acid and fucose residues 1273:1303 acid 1280:1283 These glycosylation entities were identified as bi-antennary, tri-antennary and tetra-antennary structures carrying sialic acid and fucose residues, and include a multitude of glycans previously not reported for CEA. 26157355 3 31 used used 504:507 arg2 CEA 493:495 CEA 493:495 CEA 493:495 However, due to its low specificity in clinical applications, CEA can be used for monitoring only, rather than tumor diagnosis. 26157355 2 32 theme Lung 401:404 arg1 Cancer 406:411 2013 and Lung Cancer 80: 45-49 392:421 Cancer 406:411 It is currently used as a biomarker for malign tumors such as lung cancer and colorectal cancer [Urol Oncol: Semin Orig Invest 352: 644-648, 2013 and Lung Cancer 80: 45-49, 2013]. 26157355 2 32 theme Lung 401:404 arg1 Invest 371:376 Invest 371:376 Invest 371:376 It is currently used as a biomarker for malign tumors such as lung cancer and colorectal cancer [Urol Oncol: Semin Orig Invest 352: 644-648, 2013 and Lung Cancer 80: 45-49, 2013]. 26157355 4 33 theme glycoproteins 580:592 arg1 function 563:570 The function 559:570 The function of many glycoproteins 559:592 The function of many glycoproteins is critically dependent on their glycosylation pattern, which in turn has the potential to serve in tumor detection. 26157355 4 33 theme glycoproteins 580:592 arg1 dependent 608:616 dependent 608:616 dependent 608:616 The function of many glycoproteins is critically dependent on their glycosylation pattern, which in turn has the potential to serve in tumor detection. 26157355 8 34 dep RESULTS 1078:1084 arg1 identified 1089:1098 identified 1089:1098 identified 1089:1098 RESULTS We identified 61 glycoforms in tumor tissue, where CEA is upregulated. 26157355 9 35 theme glycans 1333:1339 arg1 entities 1177:1184 These glycosylation entities 1157:1184 These glycosylation entities 1157:1184 These glycosylation entities were identified as bi-antennary, tri-antennary and tetra-antennary structures carrying sialic acid and fucose residues, and include a multitude of glycans previously not reported for CEA. 26157355 9 35 theme glycans 1333:1339 arg1 structures 1253:1262 bi-antennary, tri-antennary and tetra-antennary structures 1205:1262 bi-antennary, tri-antennary and tetra-antennary structures carrying sialic acid and fucose residues 1205:1303 These glycosylation entities were identified as bi-antennary, tri-antennary and tetra-antennary structures carrying sialic acid and fucose residues, and include a multitude of glycans previously not reported for CEA. 26157355 9 35 theme glycans 1333:1339 arg1 multitude 1320:1328 a multitude 1318:1328 a multitude of glycans previously not reported for CEA 1318:1371 These glycosylation entities were identified as bi-antennary, tri-antennary and tetra-antennary structures carrying sialic acid and fucose residues, and include a multitude of glycans previously not reported for CEA. 26157355 7 36 theme Flight-Mass 1022:1032 arg1 3 1047:1047 3 1047:1047 3 1047:1047 The glycan patterns of CEA were then analyzed using a Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry(3) (MALDI-TOF-MS(3)) approach. 26157355 7 36 theme Flight-Mass 1022:1032 arg1 MALDI-TOF-MS 1051:1062 MALDI-TOF-MS(3) 1051:1065 MALDI-TOF-MS(3) 1051:1065 The glycan patterns of CEA were then analyzed using a Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry(3) (MALDI-TOF-MS(3)) approach. 26157355 7 36 theme Flight-Mass 1022:1032 arg1 Spectrometry 1034:1045 Flight-Mass Spectrometry 1022:1045 Flight-Mass Spectrometry(3) (MALDI-TOF-MS(3)) approach 1022:1075 The glycan patterns of CEA were then analyzed using a Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry(3) (MALDI-TOF-MS(3)) approach. 26157355 0 37 theme antigen 39:45 arg1 profiling 9:17 Glycomic profiling 0:17 Glycomic profiling of carcinoembryonic antigen 0:45 Glycomic profiling of carcinoembryonic antigen isolated from human tumor tissue. 26157355 2 38 dep Oncol 353:357 arg1 2013 424:427 2013 424:427 2013 424:427 It is currently used as a biomarker for malign tumors such as lung cancer and colorectal cancer [Urol Oncol: Semin Orig Invest 352: 644-648, 2013 and Lung Cancer 80: 45-49, 2013]. 26157355 2 38 dep Oncol 353:357 arg1 Invest 371:376 Invest 371:376 Invest 371:376 It is currently used as a biomarker for malign tumors such as lung cancer and colorectal cancer [Urol Oncol: Semin Orig Invest 352: 644-648, 2013 and Lung Cancer 80: 45-49, 2013]. 26157355 2 38 dep Oncol 353:357 arg1 Cancer 406:411 2013 and Lung Cancer 80: 45-49 392:421 Cancer 406:411 It is currently used as a biomarker for malign tumors such as lung cancer and colorectal cancer [Urol Oncol: Semin Orig Invest 352: 644-648, 2013 and Lung Cancer 80: 45-49, 2013]. 26157355 10 39 dep CONCLUSION 1374:1383 arg1 facilitate 1405:1414 facilitate 1405:1414 facilitate 1405:1414 CONCLUSION Our findings should facilitate a more precise tumor prediction than currently possible, ultimately resulting in improved tumor diagnosis and treatment. 26157355 2 40 theme 2013 392:395 arg1 Cancer 406:411 2013 and Lung Cancer 80: 45-49 392:421 Cancer 406:411 It is currently used as a biomarker for malign tumors such as lung cancer and colorectal cancer [Urol Oncol: Semin Orig Invest 352: 644-648, 2013 and Lung Cancer 80: 45-49, 2013]. 26157355 2 40 theme 2013 392:395 arg1 Invest 371:376 Invest 371:376 Invest 371:376 It is currently used as a biomarker for malign tumors such as lung cancer and colorectal cancer [Urol Oncol: Semin Orig Invest 352: 644-648, 2013 and Lung Cancer 80: 45-49, 2013]. 26157355 9 41 theme tetra-antennary 1237:1251 arg1 entities 1177:1184 These glycosylation entities 1157:1184 These glycosylation entities 1157:1184 These glycosylation entities were identified as bi-antennary, tri-antennary and tetra-antennary structures carrying sialic acid and fucose residues, and include a multitude of glycans previously not reported for CEA. 26157355 9 41 theme tetra-antennary 1237:1251 arg1 structures 1253:1262 bi-antennary, tri-antennary and tetra-antennary structures 1205:1262 bi-antennary, tri-antennary and tetra-antennary structures carrying sialic acid and fucose residues 1205:1303 These glycosylation entities were identified as bi-antennary, tri-antennary and tetra-antennary structures carrying sialic acid and fucose residues, and include a multitude of glycans previously not reported for CEA. 26157355 9 41 theme tetra-antennary 1237:1251 arg1 multitude 1320:1328 a multitude 1318:1328 a multitude of glycans previously not reported for CEA 1318:1371 These glycosylation entities were identified as bi-antennary, tri-antennary and tetra-antennary structures carrying sialic acid and fucose residues, and include a multitude of glycans previously not reported for CEA. 26157355 0 42 theme tumor 67:71 arg1 tissue 73:78 human tumor tissue 61:78 human tumor tissue 61:78 Glycomic profiling of carcinoembryonic antigen isolated from human tumor tissue. 26157355 3 43 theme clinical 470:477 arg1 applications 479:490 clinical applications 470:490 clinical applications 470:490 However, due to its low specificity in clinical applications, CEA can be used for monitoring only, rather than tumor diagnosis. 26157355 5 44 theme CEA 774:776 arg1 patterns 762:769 the detailed glycan patterns 742:769 the detailed glycan patterns of CEA 742:776 However, little is known about the detailed glycan patterns of CEA. 26157355 7 45 theme Spectrometry 1034:1045 arg1 approach 1068:1075 Flight-Mass Spectrometry(3) (MALDI-TOF-MS(3)) approach 1022:1075 Flight-Mass Spectrometry(3) (MALDI-TOF-MS(3)) approach 1022:1075 The glycan patterns of CEA were then analyzed using a Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry(3) (MALDI-TOF-MS(3)) approach. 26157355 7 46 theme CEA 939:941 arg1 patterns 927:934 The glycan patterns 916:934 The glycan patterns of CEA 916:941 The glycan patterns of CEA were then analyzed using a Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry(3) (MALDI-TOF-MS(3)) approach. 26157355 4 47 theme tumor 694:698 arg1 detection 700:708 tumor detection 694:708 tumor detection 694:708 The function of many glycoproteins is critically dependent on their glycosylation pattern, which in turn has the potential to serve in tumor detection. 26157355 2 48 theme malign 291:296 arg1 tumors 298:303 malign tumors 291:303 malign tumors such as lung cancer and colorectal cancer [Urol Oncol: Semin Orig Invest 352: 644-648, 2013 and Lung Cancer 80: 45-49, 2013] 291:428 It is currently used as a biomarker for malign tumors such as lung cancer and colorectal cancer [Urol Oncol: Semin Orig Invest 352: 644-648, 2013 and Lung Cancer 80: 45-49, 2013]. 26157355 2 48 theme malign 291:296 arg1 [Urol 347:351 colorectal cancer [Urol 329:351 colorectal cancer [Urol Oncol: Semin Orig Invest 352: 644-648, 2013 and Lung Cancer 80: 45-49, 2013] 329:428 It is currently used as a biomarker for malign tumors such as lung cancer and colorectal cancer [Urol Oncol: Semin Orig Invest 352: 644-648, 2013 and Lung Cancer 80: 45-49, 2013]. 26157355 2 48 theme malign 291:296 arg1 cancer 318:323 lung cancer 313:323 lung cancer 313:323 It is currently used as a biomarker for malign tumors such as lung cancer and colorectal cancer [Urol Oncol: Semin Orig Invest 352: 644-648, 2013 and Lung Cancer 80: 45-49, 2013]. 26157355 9 49 contain carrying 1264:1271 arg1 entities 1177:1184 These glycosylation entities 1157:1184 These glycosylation entities 1157:1184 These glycosylation entities were identified as bi-antennary, tri-antennary and tetra-antennary structures carrying sialic acid and fucose residues, and include a multitude of glycans previously not reported for CEA. 26157355 9 49 contain carrying 1264:1271 arg1 structures 1253:1262 bi-antennary, tri-antennary and tetra-antennary structures 1205:1262 bi-antennary, tri-antennary and tetra-antennary structures carrying sialic acid and fucose residues 1205:1303 These glycosylation entities were identified as bi-antennary, tri-antennary and tetra-antennary structures carrying sialic acid and fucose residues, and include a multitude of glycans previously not reported for CEA. 26157355 9 49 contain carrying 1264:1271 arg2 residues 1296:1303 sialic acid and fucose residues 1273:1303 residues 1296:1303 These glycosylation entities were identified as bi-antennary, tri-antennary and tetra-antennary structures carrying sialic acid and fucose residues, and include a multitude of glycans previously not reported for CEA. 26157355 9 49 contain carrying 1264:1271 arg2 acid 1280:1283 sialic acid and fucose residues 1273:1303 acid 1280:1283 These glycosylation entities were identified as bi-antennary, tri-antennary and tetra-antennary structures carrying sialic acid and fucose residues, and include a multitude of glycans previously not reported for CEA. 26157355 9 49 contain carrying 1264:1271 arg1 multitude 1320:1328 a multitude 1318:1328 a multitude of glycans previously not reported for CEA 1318:1371 These glycosylation entities were identified as bi-antennary, tri-antennary and tetra-antennary structures carrying sialic acid and fucose residues, and include a multitude of glycans previously not reported for CEA. 26157355 2 50 used used 267:270 arg2 biomarker 277:285 a biomarker 275:285 a biomarker for malign tumors such as lung cancer and colorectal cancer [Urol Oncol: Semin Orig Invest 352: 644-648, 2013 and Lung Cancer 80: 45-49, 2013] 275:428 It is currently used as a biomarker for malign tumors such as lung cancer and colorectal cancer [Urol Oncol: Semin Orig Invest 352: 644-648, 2013 and Lung Cancer 80: 45-49, 2013]. 26157355 2 50 used used 267:270 arg2 It 251:252 It 251:252 It 251:252 It is currently used as a biomarker for malign tumors such as lung cancer and colorectal cancer [Urol Oncol: Semin Orig Invest 352: 644-648, 2013 and Lung Cancer 80: 45-49, 2013]. 26157355 6 51 theme immunoaffinity 885:898 arg1 chromatography 900:913 immunoaffinity chromatography 885:913 immunoaffinity chromatography 885:913 METHODS To determine these patterns, we isolated and purified CEA proteins from human tumor tissues using immunoaffinity chromatography. 26157355 1 52 attach linked 198:203 arg1 progression 212:222 the progression 208:222 the progression of a wide range of tumors 208:248 BACKGROUND Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a protein commonly found in human serum, with elevated CEA levels being linked to the progression of a wide range of tumors. 26157355 1 52 attach linked 198:203 arg2 levels 185:190 elevated CEA levels 172:190 elevated CEA levels 172:190 BACKGROUND Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a protein commonly found in human serum, with elevated CEA levels being linked to the progression of a wide range of tumors. 26157355 4 53 theme glycosylation 627:639 arg1 pattern 641:647 their glycosylation pattern 621:647 their glycosylation pattern 621:647 The function of many glycoproteins is critically dependent on their glycosylation pattern, which in turn has the potential to serve in tumor detection. 26157355 5 54 theme glycan 755:760 arg1 patterns 762:769 the detailed glycan patterns 742:769 the detailed glycan patterns of CEA 742:776 However, little is known about the detailed glycan patterns of CEA. 26157355 3 55 from specificity 455:465 arg1 applications 479:490 clinical applications 470:490 clinical applications 470:490 However, due to its low specificity in clinical applications, CEA can be used for monitoring only, rather than tumor diagnosis. 26157355 3 56 theme tumor 542:546 arg1 diagnosis 548:556 tumor diagnosis 542:556 tumor diagnosis 542:556 However, due to its low specificity in clinical applications, CEA can be used for monitoring only, rather than tumor diagnosis. 26157355 2 57 dep [Urol 347:351 arg1 Oncol 353:357 Oncol 353:357 Oncol 353:357 It is currently used as a biomarker for malign tumors such as lung cancer and colorectal cancer [Urol Oncol: Semin Orig Invest 352: 644-648, 2013 and Lung Cancer 80: 45-49, 2013]. 26157355 5 58 theme detailed 746:753 arg1 patterns 762:769 the detailed glycan patterns 742:769 the detailed glycan patterns of CEA 742:776 However, little is known about the detailed glycan patterns of CEA. 26157355 4 59 contain has 664:666 arg1 pattern 641:647 their glycosylation pattern 621:647 their glycosylation pattern 621:647 The function of many glycoproteins is critically dependent on their glycosylation pattern, which in turn has the potential to serve in tumor detection. 26157355 4 59 contain has 664:666 arg2 potential 672:680 the potential to serve in tumor detection 668:708 the potential to serve in tumor detection 668:708 The function of many glycoproteins is critically dependent on their glycosylation pattern, which in turn has the potential to serve in tumor detection. 26157355 0 60 theme human 61:65 arg1 tissue 73:78 human tumor tissue 61:78 human tumor tissue 61:78 Glycomic profiling of carcinoembryonic antigen isolated from human tumor tissue. 26157355 9 61 theme fucose 1289:1294 arg1 residues 1296:1303 sialic acid and fucose residues 1273:1303 residues 1296:1303 These glycosylation entities were identified as bi-antennary, tri-antennary and tetra-antennary structures carrying sialic acid and fucose residues, and include a multitude of glycans previously not reported for CEA. 26157355 2 62 theme lung 313:316 arg1 cancer 318:323 lung cancer 313:323 lung cancer 313:323 It is currently used as a biomarker for malign tumors such as lung cancer and colorectal cancer [Urol Oncol: Semin Orig Invest 352: 644-648, 2013 and Lung Cancer 80: 45-49, 2013]. 26157355 6 63 theme tumor 865:869 arg1 tissues 871:877 human tumor tissues 859:877 human tumor tissues using immunoaffinity chromatography 859:913 METHODS To determine these patterns, we isolated and purified CEA proteins from human tumor tissues using immunoaffinity chromatography. 25541836 4 0 dep Group 648:652 arg1 animals 659:665 animals 659:665 Group I - intact animals (10 animals); Group II - animals after administration of sodium nitrate at a dose of 200 mg/kg in the form of an aqueous solution intragastrically for 60 days (10 animals) 609:804 Two series of the experiment ware held: Group I - intact animals (10 animals); Group II - animals after administration of sodium nitrate at a dose of 200 mg/kg in the form of an aqueous solution intragastrically for 60 days (10 animals). 25541836 6 1 theme tissue 1305:1310 arg1 lesion 1248:1253 a chronic lesion 1238:1253 a chronic lesion of sodium nitrite intoxication general connective tissue (including bone tissues and liver parenchymal) 1238:1357 Increasing of overall level glycosaminoglycans and the third fraction (heparan sulfate), and reducing of the 2-nd fraction (chondroitin-4-sulfate) glycosaminoglycans in serum may be indicative of a chronic lesion of sodium nitrite intoxication general connective tissue (including bone tissues and liver parenchymal). 25541836 4 2 from dose 711:714 arg1 administration 673:686 administration 673:686 administration of sodium nitrate at a dose of 200 mg/kg in the form of an aqueous solution intragastrically for 60 days (10 animals) 673:804 Two series of the experiment ware held: Group I - intact animals (10 animals); Group II - animals after administration of sodium nitrate at a dose of 200 mg/kg in the form of an aqueous solution intragastrically for 60 days (10 animals). 25541836 4 2 from dose 711:714 arg1 nitrate 698:704 sodium nitrate 691:704 sodium nitrate at a dose of 200 mg/kg in the form of an aqueous solution intragastrically for 60 days (10 animals) 691:804 Two series of the experiment ware held: Group I - intact animals (10 animals); Group II - animals after administration of sodium nitrate at a dose of 200 mg/kg in the form of an aqueous solution intragastrically for 60 days (10 animals). 25541836 4 2 from dose 711:714 arg1 form 736:739 the form 732:739 the form of an aqueous solution 732:762 Two series of the experiment ware held: Group I - intact animals (10 animals); Group II - animals after administration of sodium nitrate at a dose of 200 mg/kg in the form of an aqueous solution intragastrically for 60 days (10 animals). 25541836 1 3 theme acid 138:141 arg1 salts 122:126 salts 122:126 salts of nitric acid 122:141 Nitrates (salts of nitric acid) are very common substances in nature and are present in almost all living organisms. 25541836 1 4 theme living 211:216 arg1 organisms 218:226 almost all living organisms 200:226 almost all living organisms 200:226 Nitrates (salts of nitric acid) are very common substances in nature and are present in almost all living organisms. 25541836 2 5 theme rural 464:468 arg1 areas 470:474 rural areas 464:474 rural areas where local water sources are used 464:509 Relevance of research about features of various pathological processes in chronic nitric intoxication significantly associated with the fact that the intake of nitro compounds has significantly increased in recent years, especially in rural areas where local water sources are used. 25541836 2 6 from processes 290:298 arg1 intoxication 318:329 chronic nitric intoxication 303:329 chronic nitric intoxication 303:329 Relevance of research about features of various pathological processes in chronic nitric intoxication significantly associated with the fact that the intake of nitro compounds has significantly increased in recent years, especially in rural areas where local water sources are used. 25541836 6 7 theme parenchymal 1346:1356 arg1 liver 1340:1344 liver parenchymal 1340:1356 liver parenchymal 1340:1356 Increasing of overall level glycosaminoglycans and the third fraction (heparan sulfate), and reducing of the 2-nd fraction (chondroitin-4-sulfate) glycosaminoglycans in serum may be indicative of a chronic lesion of sodium nitrite intoxication general connective tissue (including bone tissues and liver parenchymal). 25541836 6 8 theme general 1286:1292 arg1 tissue 1305:1310 sodium nitrite intoxication general connective tissue 1258:1310 sodium nitrite intoxication general connective tissue (including bone tissues and liver parenchymal) 1258:1357 Increasing of overall level glycosaminoglycans and the third fraction (heparan sulfate), and reducing of the 2-nd fraction (chondroitin-4-sulfate) glycosaminoglycans in serum may be indicative of a chronic lesion of sodium nitrite intoxication general connective tissue (including bone tissues and liver parenchymal). 25541836 0 9 from [Modifications 0:13 arg1 intoxication 73:84 chronic nitrate intoxication 57:84 chronic nitrate intoxication (experimental research) 57:108 [Modifications of chemical composition of blood serum in chronic nitrate intoxication (experimental research)]. 25541836 0 9 from [Modifications 0:13 arg1 research 100:107 experimental research 87:107 experimental research 87:107 [Modifications of chemical composition of blood serum in chronic nitrate intoxication (experimental research)]. 25541836 4 10 dep held 603:606 arg1 Group 609:613 Group I 609:615 Group I - intact animals (10 animals); Group II - animals after administration of sodium nitrate at a dose of 200 mg/kg in the form of an aqueous solution intragastrically for 60 days (10 animals) 609:804 Two series of the experiment ware held: Group I - intact animals (10 animals); Group II - animals after administration of sodium nitrate at a dose of 200 mg/kg in the form of an aqueous solution intragastrically for 60 days (10 animals). 25541836 4 11 theme nitrate 698:704 arg1 administration 673:686 administration 673:686 administration of sodium nitrate at a dose of 200 mg/kg in the form of an aqueous solution intragastrically for 60 days (10 animals) 673:804 Two series of the experiment ware held: Group I - intact animals (10 animals); Group II - animals after administration of sodium nitrate at a dose of 200 mg/kg in the form of an aqueous solution intragastrically for 60 days (10 animals). 25541836 0 12 theme experimental 87:98 arg1 intoxication 73:84 chronic nitrate intoxication 57:84 chronic nitrate intoxication (experimental research) 57:108 [Modifications of chemical composition of blood serum in chronic nitrate intoxication (experimental research)]. 25541836 0 12 theme experimental 87:98 arg1 research 100:107 experimental research 87:107 experimental research 87:107 [Modifications of chemical composition of blood serum in chronic nitrate intoxication (experimental research)]. 25541836 2 13 from intoxication 318:329 arg1 features 257:264 features 257:264 features of various pathological processes in chronic nitric intoxication 257:329 Relevance of research about features of various pathological processes in chronic nitric intoxication significantly associated with the fact that the intake of nitro compounds has significantly increased in recent years, especially in rural areas where local water sources are used. 25541836 4 14 theme sodium 691:696 arg1 nitrate 698:704 sodium nitrate 691:704 sodium nitrate at a dose of 200 mg/kg in the form of an aqueous solution intragastrically for 60 days (10 animals) 691:804 Two series of the experiment ware held: Group I - intact animals (10 animals); Group II - animals after administration of sodium nitrate at a dose of 200 mg/kg in the form of an aqueous solution intragastrically for 60 days (10 animals). 25541836 3 15 theme white 550:554 arg1 rats 563:566 20 white Wistar rats 547:566 20 white Wistar rats 547:566 Investigations were carried out on 20 white Wistar rats. 25541836 6 16 theme nitrite 1265:1271 arg1 tissue 1305:1310 sodium nitrite intoxication general connective tissue 1258:1310 sodium nitrite intoxication general connective tissue (including bone tissues and liver parenchymal) 1258:1357 Increasing of overall level glycosaminoglycans and the third fraction (heparan sulfate), and reducing of the 2-nd fraction (chondroitin-4-sulfate) glycosaminoglycans in serum may be indicative of a chronic lesion of sodium nitrite intoxication general connective tissue (including bone tissues and liver parenchymal). 25541836 5 17 dep level 875:879 arg1 indicates 947:955 indicates 947:955 indicates that the products disorganization of proteoglycans from the bone to the blood serum 947:1039 Chronic nitrate intoxication leads to a significant increase of the level of serum chondroitin rats with permanent indicators glycoproteins indicates that the products disorganization of proteoglycans from the bone to the blood serum. 25541836 4 18 theme aqueous 747:753 arg1 solution 755:762 an aqueous solution 744:762 an aqueous solution 744:762 Two series of the experiment ware held: Group I - intact animals (10 animals); Group II - animals after administration of sodium nitrate at a dose of 200 mg/kg in the form of an aqueous solution intragastrically for 60 days (10 animals). 25541836 4 19 theme ware 598:601 arg1 series 573:578 Two series 569:578 Two series of the experiment ware 569:601 Two series of the experiment ware held: Group I - intact animals (10 animals); Group II - animals after administration of sodium nitrate at a dose of 200 mg/kg in the form of an aqueous solution intragastrically for 60 days (10 animals). 25541836 2 20 theme research 242:249 arg1 Relevance 229:237 Relevance 229:237 Relevance of research about features of various pathological processes in chronic nitric intoxication 229:329 Relevance of research about features of various pathological processes in chronic nitric intoxication significantly associated with the fact that the intake of nitro compounds has significantly increased in recent years, especially in rural areas where local water sources are used. 25541836 6 21 theme 2-nd 1151:1154 arg1 fraction 1156:1163 the 2-nd fraction 1147:1163 the 2-nd fraction 1147:1163 Increasing of overall level glycosaminoglycans and the third fraction (heparan sulfate), and reducing of the 2-nd fraction (chondroitin-4-sulfate) glycosaminoglycans in serum may be indicative of a chronic lesion of sodium nitrite intoxication general connective tissue (including bone tissues and liver parenchymal). 25541836 2 22 theme water 488:492 arg1 sources 494:500 local water sources 482:500 local water sources 482:500 Relevance of research about features of various pathological processes in chronic nitric intoxication significantly associated with the fact that the intake of nitro compounds has significantly increased in recent years, especially in rural areas where local water sources are used. 25541836 6 23 theme level 1064:1068 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 1070:1087 overall level glycosaminoglycans 1056:1087 overall level glycosaminoglycans 1056:1087 Increasing of overall level glycosaminoglycans and the third fraction (heparan sulfate), and reducing of the 2-nd fraction (chondroitin-4-sulfate) glycosaminoglycans in serum may be indicative of a chronic lesion of sodium nitrite intoxication general connective tissue (including bone tissues and liver parenchymal). 25541836 6 23 theme level 1064:1068 arg1 sulfate 1121:1127 heparan sulfate 1113:1127 heparan sulfate 1113:1127 Increasing of overall level glycosaminoglycans and the third fraction (heparan sulfate), and reducing of the 2-nd fraction (chondroitin-4-sulfate) glycosaminoglycans in serum may be indicative of a chronic lesion of sodium nitrite intoxication general connective tissue (including bone tissues and liver parenchymal). 25541836 1 24 dep Nitrates 112:119 arg1 salts 122:126 salts 122:126 salts of nitric acid 122:141 Nitrates (salts of nitric acid) are very common substances in nature and are present in almost all living organisms. 25541836 2 25 theme recent 436:441 arg1 years 443:447 recent years 436:447 recent years 436:447 Relevance of research about features of various pathological processes in chronic nitric intoxication significantly associated with the fact that the intake of nitro compounds has significantly increased in recent years, especially in rural areas where local water sources are used. 25541836 5 26 theme blood 1029:1033 arg1 serum 1035:1039 the blood serum 1025:1039 the blood serum 1025:1039 Chronic nitrate intoxication leads to a significant increase of the level of serum chondroitin rats with permanent indicators glycoproteins indicates that the products disorganization of proteoglycans from the bone to the blood serum. 25541836 6 27 theme fraction 1156:1163 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 1189:1206 of the 2-nd fraction (chondroitin-4-sulfate) glycosaminoglycans 1144:1206 of the 2-nd fraction (chondroitin-4-sulfate) glycosaminoglycans 1144:1206 Increasing of overall level glycosaminoglycans and the third fraction (heparan sulfate), and reducing of the 2-nd fraction (chondroitin-4-sulfate) glycosaminoglycans in serum may be indicative of a chronic lesion of sodium nitrite intoxication general connective tissue (including bone tissues and liver parenchymal). 25541836 6 27 theme fraction 1156:1163 arg1 chondroitin-4-sulfate 1166:1186 chondroitin-4-sulfate 1166:1186 chondroitin-4-sulfate 1166:1186 Increasing of overall level glycosaminoglycans and the third fraction (heparan sulfate), and reducing of the 2-nd fraction (chondroitin-4-sulfate) glycosaminoglycans in serum may be indicative of a chronic lesion of sodium nitrite intoxication general connective tissue (including bone tissues and liver parenchymal). 25541836 2 28 theme local 482:486 arg1 sources 494:500 local water sources 482:500 local water sources 482:500 Relevance of research about features of various pathological processes in chronic nitric intoxication significantly associated with the fact that the intake of nitro compounds has significantly increased in recent years, especially in rural areas where local water sources are used. 25541836 2 29 theme processes 290:298 arg1 features 257:264 features 257:264 features of various pathological processes in chronic nitric intoxication 257:329 Relevance of research about features of various pathological processes in chronic nitric intoxication significantly associated with the fact that the intake of nitro compounds has significantly increased in recent years, especially in rural areas where local water sources are used. 25541836 1 30 theme common 153:158 arg1 substances 160:169 very common substances 148:169 very common substances in nature 148:179 Nitrates (salts of nitric acid) are very common substances in nature and are present in almost all living organisms. 25541836 1 30 theme common 153:158 arg1 Nitrates 112:119 Nitrates 112:119 Nitrates (salts of nitric acid) 112:142 Nitrates (salts of nitric acid) are very common substances in nature and are present in almost all living organisms. 25541836 4 31 theme solution 755:762 arg1 form 736:739 the form 732:739 the form of an aqueous solution 732:762 Two series of the experiment ware held: Group I - intact animals (10 animals); Group II - animals after administration of sodium nitrate at a dose of 200 mg/kg in the form of an aqueous solution intragastrically for 60 days (10 animals). 25541836 2 32 theme pathological 277:288 arg1 processes 290:298 various pathological processes 269:298 various pathological processes in chronic nitric intoxication 269:329 Relevance of research about features of various pathological processes in chronic nitric intoxication significantly associated with the fact that the intake of nitro compounds has significantly increased in recent years, especially in rural areas where local water sources are used. 25541836 6 33 theme lesion 1248:1253 arg1 indicative 1224:1233 indicative 1224:1233 indicative 1224:1233 Increasing of overall level glycosaminoglycans and the third fraction (heparan sulfate), and reducing of the 2-nd fraction (chondroitin-4-sulfate) glycosaminoglycans in serum may be indicative of a chronic lesion of sodium nitrite intoxication general connective tissue (including bone tissues and liver parenchymal). 25541836 4 34 theme intact 619:624 arg1 animals 638:644 10 animals 635:644 10 animals 635:644 Two series of the experiment ware held: Group I - intact animals (10 animals); Group II - animals after administration of sodium nitrate at a dose of 200 mg/kg in the form of an aqueous solution intragastrically for 60 days (10 animals). 25541836 4 34 theme intact 619:624 arg1 animals 626:632 intact animals 619:632 Group I - intact animals (10 animals); Group II - animals after administration of sodium nitrate at a dose of 200 mg/kg in the form of an aqueous solution intragastrically for 60 days (10 animals) 609:804 Two series of the experiment ware held: Group I - intact animals (10 animals); Group II - animals after administration of sodium nitrate at a dose of 200 mg/kg in the form of an aqueous solution intragastrically for 60 days (10 animals). 25541836 0 35 theme composition 27:37 arg1 [Modifications 0:13 [Modifications 0:13 [Modifications of chemical composition of blood serum in chronic nitrate intoxication (experimental research) 0:108 [Modifications of chemical composition of blood serum in chronic nitrate intoxication (experimental research)]. 25541836 5 36 theme rats 902:905 arg1 level 875:879 the level 871:879 the level of serum chondroitin rats with permanent indicators glycoproteins indicates that the products disorganization of proteoglycans from the bone to the blood serum 871:1039 Chronic nitrate intoxication leads to a significant increase of the level of serum chondroitin rats with permanent indicators glycoproteins indicates that the products disorganization of proteoglycans from the bone to the blood serum. 25541836 2 37 theme various 269:275 arg1 processes 290:298 various pathological processes 269:298 various pathological processes in chronic nitric intoxication 269:329 Relevance of research about features of various pathological processes in chronic nitric intoxication significantly associated with the fact that the intake of nitro compounds has significantly increased in recent years, especially in rural areas where local water sources are used. 25541836 5 38 theme permanent 912:920 arg1 glycoproteins 933:945 permanent indicators glycoproteins 912:945 permanent indicators glycoproteins 912:945 Chronic nitrate intoxication leads to a significant increase of the level of serum chondroitin rats with permanent indicators glycoproteins indicates that the products disorganization of proteoglycans from the bone to the blood serum. 25541836 0 39 theme chemical 18:25 arg1 composition 27:37 chemical composition 18:37 chemical composition of blood serum in chronic nitrate intoxication (experimental research) 18:108 [Modifications of chemical composition of blood serum in chronic nitrate intoxication (experimental research)]. 25541836 5 40 dep serum 1035:1039 arg1 bone 1017:1020 bone 1017:1020 bone 1017:1020 Chronic nitrate intoxication leads to a significant increase of the level of serum chondroitin rats with permanent indicators glycoproteins indicates that the products disorganization of proteoglycans from the bone to the blood serum. 25541836 5 40 dep serum 1035:1039 arg1 the 1013:1015 the 1013:1015 the 1013:1015 Chronic nitrate intoxication leads to a significant increase of the level of serum chondroitin rats with permanent indicators glycoproteins indicates that the products disorganization of proteoglycans from the bone to the blood serum. 25541836 5 41 theme level 875:879 arg1 increase 859:866 a significant increase 845:866 a significant increase of the level of serum chondroitin rats with permanent indicators glycoproteins indicates that the products disorganization of proteoglycans from the bone to the blood serum 845:1039 Chronic nitrate intoxication leads to a significant increase of the level of serum chondroitin rats with permanent indicators glycoproteins indicates that the products disorganization of proteoglycans from the bone to the blood serum. 25541836 5 42 theme significant 847:857 arg1 increase 859:866 a significant increase 845:866 a significant increase of the level of serum chondroitin rats with permanent indicators glycoproteins indicates that the products disorganization of proteoglycans from the bone to the blood serum 845:1039 Chronic nitrate intoxication leads to a significant increase of the level of serum chondroitin rats with permanent indicators glycoproteins indicates that the products disorganization of proteoglycans from the bone to the blood serum. 25541836 6 43 theme overall 1056:1062 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 1070:1087 overall level glycosaminoglycans 1056:1087 overall level glycosaminoglycans 1056:1087 Increasing of overall level glycosaminoglycans and the third fraction (heparan sulfate), and reducing of the 2-nd fraction (chondroitin-4-sulfate) glycosaminoglycans in serum may be indicative of a chronic lesion of sodium nitrite intoxication general connective tissue (including bone tissues and liver parenchymal). 25541836 6 43 theme overall 1056:1062 arg1 sulfate 1121:1127 heparan sulfate 1113:1127 heparan sulfate 1113:1127 Increasing of overall level glycosaminoglycans and the third fraction (heparan sulfate), and reducing of the 2-nd fraction (chondroitin-4-sulfate) glycosaminoglycans in serum may be indicative of a chronic lesion of sodium nitrite intoxication general connective tissue (including bone tissues and liver parenchymal). 25541836 2 44 theme compounds 395:403 arg1 intake 379:384 the intake 375:384 the intake of nitro compounds 375:403 Relevance of research about features of various pathological processes in chronic nitric intoxication significantly associated with the fact that the intake of nitro compounds has significantly increased in recent years, especially in rural areas where local water sources are used. 25541836 0 45 theme blood 42:46 arg1 serum 48:52 blood serum 42:52 blood serum 42:52 [Modifications of chemical composition of blood serum in chronic nitrate intoxication (experimental research)]. 25541836 5 46 theme nitrate 815:821 arg1 intoxication 823:834 Chronic nitrate intoxication 807:834 Chronic nitrate intoxication 807:834 Chronic nitrate intoxication leads to a significant increase of the level of serum chondroitin rats with permanent indicators glycoproteins indicates that the products disorganization of proteoglycans from the bone to the blood serum. 25541836 6 47 theme chronic 1240:1246 arg1 lesion 1248:1253 a chronic lesion 1238:1253 a chronic lesion of sodium nitrite intoxication general connective tissue (including bone tissues and liver parenchymal) 1238:1357 Increasing of overall level glycosaminoglycans and the third fraction (heparan sulfate), and reducing of the 2-nd fraction (chondroitin-4-sulfate) glycosaminoglycans in serum may be indicative of a chronic lesion of sodium nitrite intoxication general connective tissue (including bone tissues and liver parenchymal). 25541836 0 48 from intoxication 73:84 arg1 [Modifications 0:13 [Modifications 0:13 [Modifications of chemical composition of blood serum in chronic nitrate intoxication (experimental research) 0:108 [Modifications of chemical composition of blood serum in chronic nitrate intoxication (experimental research)]. 25541836 4 49 dep Group 609:613 arg1 animals 638:644 10 animals 635:644 10 animals 635:644 Two series of the experiment ware held: Group I - intact animals (10 animals); Group II - animals after administration of sodium nitrate at a dose of 200 mg/kg in the form of an aqueous solution intragastrically for 60 days (10 animals). 25541836 4 49 dep Group 609:613 arg1 Group 648:652 Group II 648:655 Group I - intact animals (10 animals); Group II - animals after administration of sodium nitrate at a dose of 200 mg/kg in the form of an aqueous solution intragastrically for 60 days (10 animals) 609:804 Two series of the experiment ware held: Group I - intact animals (10 animals); Group II - animals after administration of sodium nitrate at a dose of 200 mg/kg in the form of an aqueous solution intragastrically for 60 days (10 animals). 25541836 4 49 dep Group 609:613 arg1 animals 626:632 intact animals 619:632 Group I - intact animals (10 animals); Group II - animals after administration of sodium nitrate at a dose of 200 mg/kg in the form of an aqueous solution intragastrically for 60 days (10 animals) 609:804 Two series of the experiment ware held: Group I - intact animals (10 animals); Group II - animals after administration of sodium nitrate at a dose of 200 mg/kg in the form of an aqueous solution intragastrically for 60 days (10 animals). 25541836 2 50 theme nitro 389:393 arg1 compounds 395:403 nitro compounds 389:403 nitro compounds 389:403 Relevance of research about features of various pathological processes in chronic nitric intoxication significantly associated with the fact that the intake of nitro compounds has significantly increased in recent years, especially in rural areas where local water sources are used. 25541836 1 51 from organisms 218:226 arg1 present 189:195 present 189:195 present 189:195 Nitrates (salts of nitric acid) are very common substances in nature and are present in almost all living organisms. 25541836 1 52 located present 189:195 arg1 organisms 218:226 almost all living organisms 200:226 almost all living organisms 200:226 Nitrates (salts of nitric acid) are very common substances in nature and are present in almost all living organisms. 25541836 1 52 located present 189:195 arg2 substances 160:169 very common substances 148:169 very common substances in nature 148:179 Nitrates (salts of nitric acid) are very common substances in nature and are present in almost all living organisms. 25541836 1 52 located present 189:195 arg2 Nitrates 112:119 Nitrates 112:119 Nitrates (salts of nitric acid) 112:142 Nitrates (salts of nitric acid) are very common substances in nature and are present in almost all living organisms. 25541836 6 53 theme sodium 1258:1263 arg1 tissue 1305:1310 sodium nitrite intoxication general connective tissue 1258:1310 sodium nitrite intoxication general connective tissue (including bone tissues and liver parenchymal) 1258:1357 Increasing of overall level glycosaminoglycans and the third fraction (heparan sulfate), and reducing of the 2-nd fraction (chondroitin-4-sulfate) glycosaminoglycans in serum may be indicative of a chronic lesion of sodium nitrite intoxication general connective tissue (including bone tissues and liver parenchymal). 25541836 2 54 used used 506:509 arg2 sources 494:500 local water sources 482:500 local water sources 482:500 Relevance of research about features of various pathological processes in chronic nitric intoxication significantly associated with the fact that the intake of nitro compounds has significantly increased in recent years, especially in rural areas where local water sources are used. 25541836 3 55 theme Wistar 556:561 arg1 rats 563:566 20 white Wistar rats 547:566 20 white Wistar rats 547:566 Investigations were carried out on 20 white Wistar rats. 25541836 4 56 from form 736:739 arg1 dose 711:714 a dose 709:714 a dose of 200 mg/kg in the form of an aqueous solution intragastrically for 60 days (10 animals) 709:804 Two series of the experiment ware held: Group I - intact animals (10 animals); Group II - animals after administration of sodium nitrate at a dose of 200 mg/kg in the form of an aqueous solution intragastrically for 60 days (10 animals). 25541836 5 57 theme Chronic 807:813 arg1 intoxication 823:834 Chronic nitrate intoxication 807:834 Chronic nitrate intoxication 807:834 Chronic nitrate intoxication leads to a significant increase of the level of serum chondroitin rats with permanent indicators glycoproteins indicates that the products disorganization of proteoglycans from the bone to the blood serum. 25541836 0 58 theme serum 48:52 arg1 composition 27:37 chemical composition 18:37 chemical composition of blood serum in chronic nitrate intoxication (experimental research) 18:108 [Modifications of chemical composition of blood serum in chronic nitrate intoxication (experimental research)]. 25541836 5 59 theme proteoglycans 994:1006 arg1 disorganization 975:989 the products disorganization 962:989 the products disorganization of proteoglycans 962:1006 Chronic nitrate intoxication leads to a significant increase of the level of serum chondroitin rats with permanent indicators glycoproteins indicates that the products disorganization of proteoglycans from the bone to the blood serum. 25541836 2 60 theme nitric 311:316 arg1 intoxication 318:329 chronic nitric intoxication 303:329 chronic nitric intoxication 303:329 Relevance of research about features of various pathological processes in chronic nitric intoxication significantly associated with the fact that the intake of nitro compounds has significantly increased in recent years, especially in rural areas where local water sources are used. 25541836 6 61 theme heparan 1113:1119 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 1070:1087 overall level glycosaminoglycans 1056:1087 overall level glycosaminoglycans 1056:1087 Increasing of overall level glycosaminoglycans and the third fraction (heparan sulfate), and reducing of the 2-nd fraction (chondroitin-4-sulfate) glycosaminoglycans in serum may be indicative of a chronic lesion of sodium nitrite intoxication general connective tissue (including bone tissues and liver parenchymal). 25541836 6 61 theme heparan 1113:1119 arg1 sulfate 1121:1127 heparan sulfate 1113:1127 heparan sulfate 1113:1127 Increasing of overall level glycosaminoglycans and the third fraction (heparan sulfate), and reducing of the 2-nd fraction (chondroitin-4-sulfate) glycosaminoglycans in serum may be indicative of a chronic lesion of sodium nitrite intoxication general connective tissue (including bone tissues and liver parenchymal). 25541836 1 62 from present 189:195 arg1 organisms 218:226 almost all living organisms 200:226 almost all living organisms 200:226 Nitrates (salts of nitric acid) are very common substances in nature and are present in almost all living organisms. 25541836 5 63 theme indicators 922:931 arg1 glycoproteins 933:945 permanent indicators glycoproteins 912:945 permanent indicators glycoproteins 912:945 Chronic nitrate intoxication leads to a significant increase of the level of serum chondroitin rats with permanent indicators glycoproteins indicates that the products disorganization of proteoglycans from the bone to the blood serum. 25541836 5 64 theme serum 884:888 arg1 rats 902:905 serum chondroitin rats 884:905 serum chondroitin rats with permanent indicators glycoproteins 884:945 Chronic nitrate intoxication leads to a significant increase of the level of serum chondroitin rats with permanent indicators glycoproteins indicates that the products disorganization of proteoglycans from the bone to the blood serum. 25541836 1 65 attach present 189:195 arg1 organisms 218:226 almost all living organisms 200:226 almost all living organisms 200:226 Nitrates (salts of nitric acid) are very common substances in nature and are present in almost all living organisms. 25541836 1 65 attach present 189:195 arg2 substances 160:169 very common substances 148:169 very common substances in nature 148:179 Nitrates (salts of nitric acid) are very common substances in nature and are present in almost all living organisms. 25541836 1 65 attach present 189:195 arg2 Nitrates 112:119 Nitrates 112:119 Nitrates (salts of nitric acid) 112:142 Nitrates (salts of nitric acid) are very common substances in nature and are present in almost all living organisms. 25541836 2 66 theme chronic 303:309 arg1 intoxication 318:329 chronic nitric intoxication 303:329 chronic nitric intoxication 303:329 Relevance of research about features of various pathological processes in chronic nitric intoxication significantly associated with the fact that the intake of nitro compounds has significantly increased in recent years, especially in rural areas where local water sources are used. 25541836 4 67 from administration 673:686 arg1 dose 711:714 a dose 709:714 a dose of 200 mg/kg in the form of an aqueous solution intragastrically for 60 days (10 animals) 709:804 Two series of the experiment ware held: Group I - intact animals (10 animals); Group II - animals after administration of sodium nitrate at a dose of 200 mg/kg in the form of an aqueous solution intragastrically for 60 days (10 animals). 25541836 6 68 theme connective 1294:1303 arg1 tissue 1305:1310 sodium nitrite intoxication general connective tissue 1258:1310 sodium nitrite intoxication general connective tissue (including bone tissues and liver parenchymal) 1258:1357 Increasing of overall level glycosaminoglycans and the third fraction (heparan sulfate), and reducing of the 2-nd fraction (chondroitin-4-sulfate) glycosaminoglycans in serum may be indicative of a chronic lesion of sodium nitrite intoxication general connective tissue (including bone tissues and liver parenchymal). 25541836 5 69 theme products 966:973 arg1 disorganization 975:989 the products disorganization 962:989 the products disorganization of proteoglycans 962:1006 Chronic nitrate intoxication leads to a significant increase of the level of serum chondroitin rats with permanent indicators glycoproteins indicates that the products disorganization of proteoglycans from the bone to the blood serum. 25541836 5 70 theme chondroitin 890:900 arg1 rats 902:905 serum chondroitin rats 884:905 serum chondroitin rats with permanent indicators glycoproteins 884:945 Chronic nitrate intoxication leads to a significant increase of the level of serum chondroitin rats with permanent indicators glycoproteins indicates that the products disorganization of proteoglycans from the bone to the blood serum. 25541836 4 71 from mg/kg 723:727 arg1 form 736:739 the form 732:739 the form of an aqueous solution 732:762 Two series of the experiment ware held: Group I - intact animals (10 animals); Group II - animals after administration of sodium nitrate at a dose of 200 mg/kg in the form of an aqueous solution intragastrically for 60 days (10 animals). 25541836 2 72 from features 257:264 arg1 intoxication 318:329 chronic nitric intoxication 303:329 chronic nitric intoxication 303:329 Relevance of research about features of various pathological processes in chronic nitric intoxication significantly associated with the fact that the intake of nitro compounds has significantly increased in recent years, especially in rural areas where local water sources are used. 25541836 0 73 theme nitrate 65:71 arg1 intoxication 73:84 chronic nitrate intoxication 57:84 chronic nitrate intoxication (experimental research) 57:108 [Modifications of chemical composition of blood serum in chronic nitrate intoxication (experimental research)]. 25541836 0 73 theme nitrate 65:71 arg1 research 100:107 experimental research 87:107 experimental research 87:107 [Modifications of chemical composition of blood serum in chronic nitrate intoxication (experimental research)]. 25541836 4 74 theme mg/kg 723:727 arg1 dose 711:714 a dose 709:714 a dose of 200 mg/kg in the form of an aqueous solution intragastrically for 60 days (10 animals) 709:804 Two series of the experiment ware held: Group I - intact animals (10 animals); Group II - animals after administration of sodium nitrate at a dose of 200 mg/kg in the form of an aqueous solution intragastrically for 60 days (10 animals). 25541836 1 75 from substances 160:169 arg1 nature 174:179 nature 174:179 nature 174:179 Nitrates (salts of nitric acid) are very common substances in nature and are present in almost all living organisms. 25541836 6 76 theme bone 1323:1326 arg1 tissues 1328:1334 bone tissues 1323:1334 bone tissues 1323:1334 Increasing of overall level glycosaminoglycans and the third fraction (heparan sulfate), and reducing of the 2-nd fraction (chondroitin-4-sulfate) glycosaminoglycans in serum may be indicative of a chronic lesion of sodium nitrite intoxication general connective tissue (including bone tissues and liver parenchymal). 25541836 6 77 theme third 1097:1101 arg1 fraction 1103:1110 the third fraction 1093:1110 the third fraction 1093:1110 Increasing of overall level glycosaminoglycans and the third fraction (heparan sulfate), and reducing of the 2-nd fraction (chondroitin-4-sulfate) glycosaminoglycans in serum may be indicative of a chronic lesion of sodium nitrite intoxication general connective tissue (including bone tissues and liver parenchymal). 25541836 4 78 theme experiment 587:596 arg1 ware 598:601 the experiment ware 583:601 the experiment ware 583:601 Two series of the experiment ware held: Group I - intact animals (10 animals); Group II - animals after administration of sodium nitrate at a dose of 200 mg/kg in the form of an aqueous solution intragastrically for 60 days (10 animals). 25541836 0 79 theme chronic 57:63 arg1 intoxication 73:84 chronic nitrate intoxication 57:84 chronic nitrate intoxication (experimental research) 57:108 [Modifications of chemical composition of blood serum in chronic nitrate intoxication (experimental research)]. 25541836 0 79 theme chronic 57:63 arg1 research 100:107 experimental research 87:107 experimental research 87:107 [Modifications of chemical composition of blood serum in chronic nitrate intoxication (experimental research)]. 25541836 0 80 from composition 27:37 arg1 intoxication 73:84 chronic nitrate intoxication 57:84 chronic nitrate intoxication (experimental research) 57:108 [Modifications of chemical composition of blood serum in chronic nitrate intoxication (experimental research)]. 25541836 0 80 from composition 27:37 arg1 research 100:107 experimental research 87:107 experimental research 87:107 [Modifications of chemical composition of blood serum in chronic nitrate intoxication (experimental research)]. 25541836 5 81 gly glycoproteins 933:945 arg1 glycoproteins 933:945 permanent indicators glycoproteins 912:945 permanent indicators glycoproteins 912:945 Chronic nitrate intoxication leads to a significant increase of the level of serum chondroitin rats with permanent indicators glycoproteins indicates that the products disorganization of proteoglycans from the bone to the blood serum. 25541836 1 82 theme nitric 131:136 arg1 acid 138:141 nitric acid 131:141 nitric acid 131:141 Nitrates (salts of nitric acid) are very common substances in nature and are present in almost all living organisms. 25541836 5 83 with rats 902:905 arg1 glycoproteins 933:945 permanent indicators glycoproteins 912:945 permanent indicators glycoproteins 912:945 Chronic nitrate intoxication leads to a significant increase of the level of serum chondroitin rats with permanent indicators glycoproteins indicates that the products disorganization of proteoglycans from the bone to the blood serum. 25541836 6 84 theme intoxication 1273:1284 arg1 tissue 1305:1310 sodium nitrite intoxication general connective tissue 1258:1310 sodium nitrite intoxication general connective tissue (including bone tissues and liver parenchymal) 1258:1357 Increasing of overall level glycosaminoglycans and the third fraction (heparan sulfate), and reducing of the 2-nd fraction (chondroitin-4-sulfate) glycosaminoglycans in serum may be indicative of a chronic lesion of sodium nitrite intoxication general connective tissue (including bone tissues and liver parenchymal). 24582664 2 0 from piglets 363:369 arg1 experiments 378:388 two experiments 374:388 two experiments 374:388 We used 480 early-weaned piglets in two experiments to assess their ability to select and prefer protein-related sources, depending on their protein status. 24582664 7 1 dep CSp 1504:1506 arg1 BW 1518:1519 6.5mL/kg BW 1509:1519 6.5mL/kg BW 1509:1519 In the subsequent choice test, piglets fed the HP diet showed a tendency to a higher intake of CSc than of CSp (6.5mL/kg BW vs. 5.4mL/kg BW). 24582664 7 1 dep CSp 1504:1506 arg1 BW 1534:1535 5.4mL/kg BW 1525:1535 5.4mL/kg BW 1525:1535 In the subsequent choice test, piglets fed the HP diet showed a tendency to a higher intake of CSc than of CSp (6.5mL/kg BW vs. 5.4mL/kg BW). 24582664 6 2 dep protein 1301:1307 arg1 60g/L 1332:1336 porcine animal plasma 60g/L 1310:1336 porcine animal plasma 60g/L 1310:1336 In Experiment 2, piglets were given eight training sessions in which two equally preferred flavors were mixed with protein (porcine animal plasma 60g/L, CSp) or carbohydrate (maltodextrin 60g/L, CSc) solutions. 24582664 6 2 dep protein 1301:1307 arg1 CSp 1339:1341 CSp 1339:1341 CSp 1339:1341 In Experiment 2, piglets were given eight training sessions in which two equally preferred flavors were mixed with protein (porcine animal plasma 60g/L, CSp) or carbohydrate (maltodextrin 60g/L, CSc) solutions. 24582664 3 3 theme 204g 650:653 arg1 HP 646:647 HP 646:647 HP 646:647 Piglets were fed after weaning with two isoenergetic diets formulated to contain an optimal or sub-optimal crude-protein (CP) content, a high-protein (HP, 204g CP/kg as-fed) or a low-protein diet (LP, 142g CP/kg), respectively. 24582664 3 3 theme 204g 650:653 arg1 CP/kg 655:659 204g CP/kg as-fed 650:666 204g CP/kg as-fed 650:666 Piglets were fed after weaning with two isoenergetic diets formulated to contain an optimal or sub-optimal crude-protein (CP) content, a high-protein (HP, 204g CP/kg as-fed) or a low-protein diet (LP, 142g CP/kg), respectively. 24582664 8 4 theme LP 1574:1575 arg1 diet 1577:1580 the LP diet 1570:1580 the LP diet 1570:1580 On the other hand, piglets fed the LP diet showed a higher intake and preference for CSp than for CSc (15.5mL/kg BW vs. 10.2mL/kg BW), differences being higher for medium and low BW piglets than for heavy ones. 24582664 5 5 theme CP 1065:1066 arg1 weight 1091:1096 9.8mL/kg body weight [BW 1077:1100 9.8mL/kg body weight [BW 1077:1100 Piglets showed higher intake and preference for the sucrose 40g/L than for the PDP 40g/L solution, independently of the dietary CP content (9.8mL/kg body weight [BW] vs. 3.7mL/kg BW and 10.4mL/kg BW vs. 4.3mL/kg BW in HP and LP pigs, respectively). 24582664 5 5 theme CP 1065:1066 arg1 content 1068:1074 the dietary CP content 1053:1074 the dietary CP content (9.8mL/kg body weight [BW] 1053:1101 Piglets showed higher intake and preference for the sucrose 40g/L than for the PDP 40g/L solution, independently of the dietary CP content (9.8mL/kg body weight [BW] vs. 3.7mL/kg BW and 10.4mL/kg BW vs. 4.3mL/kg BW in HP and LP pigs, respectively). 24582664 7 6 theme 6.5mL/kg 1509:1516 arg1 BW 1518:1519 6.5mL/kg BW 1509:1519 6.5mL/kg BW 1509:1519 In the subsequent choice test, piglets fed the HP diet showed a tendency to a higher intake of CSc than of CSp (6.5mL/kg BW vs. 5.4mL/kg BW). 24582664 8 7 theme higher 1591:1596 arg1 intake 1598:1603 a higher intake 1589:1603 a higher intake 1589:1603 On the other hand, piglets fed the LP diet showed a higher intake and preference for CSp than for CSc (15.5mL/kg BW vs. 10.2mL/kg BW), differences being higher for medium and low BW piglets than for heavy ones. 24582664 6 8 theme animal 1318:1323 arg1 60g/L 1332:1336 porcine animal plasma 60g/L 1310:1336 porcine animal plasma 60g/L 1310:1336 In Experiment 2, piglets were given eight training sessions in which two equally preferred flavors were mixed with protein (porcine animal plasma 60g/L, CSp) or carbohydrate (maltodextrin 60g/L, CSc) solutions. 24582664 6 8 theme animal 1318:1323 arg1 CSp 1339:1341 CSp 1339:1341 CSp 1339:1341 In Experiment 2, piglets were given eight training sessions in which two equally preferred flavors were mixed with protein (porcine animal plasma 60g/L, CSp) or carbohydrate (maltodextrin 60g/L, CSc) solutions. 24582664 3 9 theme as-fed 661:666 arg1 HP 646:647 HP 646:647 HP 646:647 Piglets were fed after weaning with two isoenergetic diets formulated to contain an optimal or sub-optimal crude-protein (CP) content, a high-protein (HP, 204g CP/kg as-fed) or a low-protein diet (LP, 142g CP/kg), respectively. 24582664 3 9 theme as-fed 661:666 arg1 CP/kg 655:659 204g CP/kg as-fed 650:666 204g CP/kg as-fed 650:666 Piglets were fed after weaning with two isoenergetic diets formulated to contain an optimal or sub-optimal crude-protein (CP) content, a high-protein (HP, 204g CP/kg as-fed) or a low-protein diet (LP, 142g CP/kg), respectively. 24582664 1 10 theme industry 328:335 arg1 systems 299:305 the common feeding systems 280:305 the common feeding systems of the intensive pig industry 280:335 Pigs may have retained the capacity to choose feeds based on their nutritional requirements, even after decades in which they are not allowed to select their diet composition due to the common feeding systems of the intensive pig industry. 24582664 1 11 theme nutritional 165:175 arg1 requirements 177:188 their nutritional requirements 159:188 their nutritional requirements 159:188 Pigs may have retained the capacity to choose feeds based on their nutritional requirements, even after decades in which they are not allowed to select their diet composition due to the common feeding systems of the intensive pig industry. 24582664 7 12 theme subsequent 1404:1413 arg1 choice 1415:1420 the subsequent choice 1400:1420 the subsequent choice test 1400:1425 In the subsequent choice test, piglets fed the HP diet showed a tendency to a higher intake of CSc than of CSp (6.5mL/kg BW vs. 5.4mL/kg BW). 24582664 6 13 theme training 1228:1235 arg1 sessions 1237:1244 eight training sessions 1222:1244 eight training sessions in which two equally preferred flavors were mixed with protein (porcine animal plasma 60g/L, CSp) or carbohydrate (maltodextrin 60g/L, CSc) solutions 1222:1394 In Experiment 2, piglets were given eight training sessions in which two equally preferred flavors were mixed with protein (porcine animal plasma 60g/L, CSp) or carbohydrate (maltodextrin 60g/L, CSc) solutions. 24582664 5 14 from BW 1133:1134 arg1 HP 1155:1156 HP 1155:1156 HP 1155:1156 Piglets showed higher intake and preference for the sucrose 40g/L than for the PDP 40g/L solution, independently of the dietary CP content (9.8mL/kg body weight [BW] vs. 3.7mL/kg BW and 10.4mL/kg BW vs. 4.3mL/kg BW in HP and LP pigs, respectively). 24582664 5 14 from BW 1133:1134 arg1 pigs 1165:1168 LP pigs 1162:1168 LP pigs 1162:1168 Piglets showed higher intake and preference for the sucrose 40g/L than for the PDP 40g/L solution, independently of the dietary CP content (9.8mL/kg body weight [BW] vs. 3.7mL/kg BW and 10.4mL/kg BW vs. 4.3mL/kg BW in HP and LP pigs, respectively). 24582664 3 15 theme low-protein 674:684 arg1 diet 686:689 a low-protein diet 672:689 a low-protein diet (LP, 142g CP/kg) 672:706 Piglets were fed after weaning with two isoenergetic diets formulated to contain an optimal or sub-optimal crude-protein (CP) content, a high-protein (HP, 204g CP/kg as-fed) or a low-protein diet (LP, 142g CP/kg), respectively. 24582664 7 16 theme CSc 1492:1494 arg1 intake 1482:1487 a higher intake 1473:1487 a higher intake of CSc 1473:1494 In the subsequent choice test, piglets fed the HP diet showed a tendency to a higher intake of CSc than of CSp (6.5mL/kg BW vs. 5.4mL/kg BW). 24582664 5 17 theme 10.4mL/kg 1123:1131 arg1 BW 1133:1134 10.4mL/kg BW 1123:1134 10.4mL/kg BW 1123:1134 Piglets showed higher intake and preference for the sucrose 40g/L than for the PDP 40g/L solution, independently of the dietary CP content (9.8mL/kg body weight [BW] vs. 3.7mL/kg BW and 10.4mL/kg BW vs. 4.3mL/kg BW in HP and LP pigs, respectively). 24582664 8 18 theme 15.5mL/kg 1642:1650 arg1 BW 1652:1653 15.5mL/kg BW 1642:1653 15.5mL/kg BW 1642:1653 On the other hand, piglets fed the LP diet showed a higher intake and preference for CSp than for CSc (15.5mL/kg BW vs. 10.2mL/kg BW), differences being higher for medium and low BW piglets than for heavy ones. 24582664 2 19 used used 341:344 arg2 We 338:339 We 338:339 We 338:339 We used 480 early-weaned piglets in two experiments to assess their ability to select and prefer protein-related sources, depending on their protein status. 24582664 1 20 theme feeding 291:297 arg1 systems 299:305 the common feeding systems 280:305 the common feeding systems of the intensive pig industry 280:335 Pigs may have retained the capacity to choose feeds based on their nutritional requirements, even after decades in which they are not allowed to select their diet composition due to the common feeding systems of the intensive pig industry. 24582664 4 21 theme porcine 819:825 arg1 peptides 838:845 porcine digestible peptides 819:845 porcine digestible peptides [PDP] 40g/L 819:857 In Experiment 1, the preference of piglets was assessed by using a choice test between protein (porcine digestible peptides [PDP] 40g/L) and carbohydrate (sucrose 40g/L) water-based solutions for a period of 3min. 24582664 0 22 from Influence 0:8 arg1 ability 52:58 their ability to select and prefer protein sources 46:95 their ability to select and prefer protein sources 46:95 Influence of the protein status of piglets on their ability to select and prefer protein sources. 24582664 5 23 theme higher 952:957 arg1 intake 959:964 higher intake 952:964 higher intake 952:964 Piglets showed higher intake and preference for the sucrose 40g/L than for the PDP 40g/L solution, independently of the dietary CP content (9.8mL/kg body weight [BW] vs. 3.7mL/kg BW and 10.4mL/kg BW vs. 4.3mL/kg BW in HP and LP pigs, respectively). 24582664 6 24 dep solutions 1386:1394 arg1 60g/L 1374:1378 maltodextrin 60g/L 1361:1378 maltodextrin 60g/L 1361:1378 In Experiment 2, piglets were given eight training sessions in which two equally preferred flavors were mixed with protein (porcine animal plasma 60g/L, CSp) or carbohydrate (maltodextrin 60g/L, CSc) solutions. 24582664 6 24 dep solutions 1386:1394 arg1 CSc 1381:1383 CSc 1381:1383 CSc 1381:1383 In Experiment 2, piglets were given eight training sessions in which two equally preferred flavors were mixed with protein (porcine animal plasma 60g/L, CSp) or carbohydrate (maltodextrin 60g/L, CSc) solutions. 24582664 4 25 theme peptides 838:845 arg1 40g/L 853:857 porcine digestible peptides [PDP] 40g/L 819:857 porcine digestible peptides [PDP] 40g/L 819:857 In Experiment 1, the preference of piglets was assessed by using a choice test between protein (porcine digestible peptides [PDP] 40g/L) and carbohydrate (sucrose 40g/L) water-based solutions for a period of 3min. 24582664 4 25 theme peptides 838:845 arg1 protein 810:816 protein 810:816 protein (porcine digestible peptides [PDP] 40g/L) 810:858 In Experiment 1, the preference of piglets was assessed by using a choice test between protein (porcine digestible peptides [PDP] 40g/L) and carbohydrate (sucrose 40g/L) water-based solutions for a period of 3min. 24582664 9 26 theme appropriate 1902:1912 arg1 pattern 1932:1938 an appropriate dietary selection pattern 1899:1938 an appropriate dietary selection pattern 1899:1938 The results show that piglets are unable to express a specific appetite for protein to correct previous underfeeding with it; however, they may show an appropriate dietary selection pattern in order to overcome protein deficiency through associative learning. 24582664 0 27 theme protein 81:87 arg1 sources 89:95 protein sources 81:95 protein sources 81:95 Influence of the protein status of piglets on their ability to select and prefer protein sources. 24582664 1 28 theme intensive 314:322 arg1 industry 328:335 the intensive pig industry 310:335 the intensive pig industry 310:335 Pigs may have retained the capacity to choose feeds based on their nutritional requirements, even after decades in which they are not allowed to select their diet composition due to the common feeding systems of the intensive pig industry. 24582664 7 29 theme HP 1444:1445 arg1 diet 1447:1450 the HP diet 1440:1450 the HP diet 1440:1450 In the subsequent choice test, piglets fed the HP diet showed a tendency to a higher intake of CSc than of CSp (6.5mL/kg BW vs. 5.4mL/kg BW). 24582664 5 30 theme LP 1162:1163 arg1 pigs 1165:1168 LP pigs 1162:1168 LP pigs 1162:1168 Piglets showed higher intake and preference for the sucrose 40g/L than for the PDP 40g/L solution, independently of the dietary CP content (9.8mL/kg body weight [BW] vs. 3.7mL/kg BW and 10.4mL/kg BW vs. 4.3mL/kg BW in HP and LP pigs, respectively). 24582664 9 31 theme selection 1922:1930 arg1 pattern 1932:1938 an appropriate dietary selection pattern 1899:1938 an appropriate dietary selection pattern 1899:1938 The results show that piglets are unable to express a specific appetite for protein to correct previous underfeeding with it; however, they may show an appropriate dietary selection pattern in order to overcome protein deficiency through associative learning. 24582664 5 32 theme 40g/L 1020:1024 arg1 solution 1026:1033 the PDP 40g/L solution 1012:1033 the PDP 40g/L solution 1012:1033 Piglets showed higher intake and preference for the sucrose 40g/L than for the PDP 40g/L solution, independently of the dietary CP content (9.8mL/kg body weight [BW] vs. 3.7mL/kg BW and 10.4mL/kg BW vs. 4.3mL/kg BW in HP and LP pigs, respectively). 24582664 8 33 theme heavy 1738:1742 arg1 ones 1744:1747 heavy ones 1738:1747 heavy ones 1738:1747 On the other hand, piglets fed the LP diet showed a higher intake and preference for CSp than for CSc (15.5mL/kg BW vs. 10.2mL/kg BW), differences being higher for medium and low BW piglets than for heavy ones. 24582664 3 34 dep high-protein 632:643 arg1 HP 646:647 HP 646:647 HP 646:647 Piglets were fed after weaning with two isoenergetic diets formulated to contain an optimal or sub-optimal crude-protein (CP) content, a high-protein (HP, 204g CP/kg as-fed) or a low-protein diet (LP, 142g CP/kg), respectively. 24582664 3 34 dep high-protein 632:643 arg1 CP/kg 655:659 204g CP/kg as-fed 650:666 204g CP/kg as-fed 650:666 Piglets were fed after weaning with two isoenergetic diets formulated to contain an optimal or sub-optimal crude-protein (CP) content, a high-protein (HP, 204g CP/kg as-fed) or a low-protein diet (LP, 142g CP/kg), respectively. 24582664 3 35 theme crude-protein 602:614 arg1 content 621:627 an optimal or sub-optimal crude-protein (CP) content 576:627 an optimal or sub-optimal crude-protein (CP) content 576:627 Piglets were fed after weaning with two isoenergetic diets formulated to contain an optimal or sub-optimal crude-protein (CP) content, a high-protein (HP, 204g CP/kg as-fed) or a low-protein diet (LP, 142g CP/kg), respectively. 24582664 2 36 theme early-weaned 350:361 arg1 piglets 363:369 480 early-weaned piglets 346:369 480 early-weaned piglets in two experiments 346:388 We used 480 early-weaned piglets in two experiments to assess their ability to select and prefer protein-related sources, depending on their protein status. 24582664 0 37 theme status 25:30 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of the protein status of piglets on their ability to select and prefer protein sources 0:95 Influence of the protein status of piglets on their ability to select and prefer protein sources. 24582664 1 38 theme diet 256:259 arg1 composition 261:271 their diet composition 250:271 their diet composition due to the common feeding systems of the intensive pig industry 250:335 Pigs may have retained the capacity to choose feeds based on their nutritional requirements, even after decades in which they are not allowed to select their diet composition due to the common feeding systems of the intensive pig industry. 24582664 4 39 theme sucrose 878:884 arg1 carbohydrate 864:875 carbohydrate 864:875 carbohydrate (sucrose 40g/L) 864:891 In Experiment 1, the preference of piglets was assessed by using a choice test between protein (porcine digestible peptides [PDP] 40g/L) and carbohydrate (sucrose 40g/L) water-based solutions for a period of 3min. 24582664 4 39 theme sucrose 878:884 arg1 40g/L 886:890 sucrose 40g/L 878:890 sucrose 40g/L 878:890 In Experiment 1, the preference of piglets was assessed by using a choice test between protein (porcine digestible peptides [PDP] 40g/L) and carbohydrate (sucrose 40g/L) water-based solutions for a period of 3min. 24582664 2 40 theme protein-related 435:449 arg1 sources 451:457 protein-related sources 435:457 protein-related sources 435:457 We used 480 early-weaned piglets in two experiments to assess their ability to select and prefer protein-related sources, depending on their protein status. 24582664 9 41 theme protein 1961:1967 arg1 deficiency 1969:1978 protein deficiency 1961:1978 protein deficiency 1961:1978 The results show that piglets are unable to express a specific appetite for protein to correct previous underfeeding with it; however, they may show an appropriate dietary selection pattern in order to overcome protein deficiency through associative learning. 24582664 8 42 theme BW 1718:1719 arg1 piglets 1721:1727 low BW piglets 1714:1727 low BW piglets 1714:1727 On the other hand, piglets fed the LP diet showed a higher intake and preference for CSp than for CSc (15.5mL/kg BW vs. 10.2mL/kg BW), differences being higher for medium and low BW piglets than for heavy ones. 24582664 1 43 theme due 273:275 arg1 composition 261:271 their diet composition 250:271 their diet composition due to the common feeding systems of the intensive pig industry 250:335 Pigs may have retained the capacity to choose feeds based on their nutritional requirements, even after decades in which they are not allowed to select their diet composition due to the common feeding systems of the intensive pig industry. 24582664 5 44 theme 9.8mL/kg 1077:1084 arg1 weight 1091:1096 9.8mL/kg body weight [BW 1077:1100 9.8mL/kg body weight [BW 1077:1100 Piglets showed higher intake and preference for the sucrose 40g/L than for the PDP 40g/L solution, independently of the dietary CP content (9.8mL/kg body weight [BW] vs. 3.7mL/kg BW and 10.4mL/kg BW vs. 4.3mL/kg BW in HP and LP pigs, respectively). 24582664 5 44 theme 9.8mL/kg 1077:1084 arg1 content 1068:1074 the dietary CP content 1053:1074 the dietary CP content (9.8mL/kg body weight [BW] 1053:1101 Piglets showed higher intake and preference for the sucrose 40g/L than for the PDP 40g/L solution, independently of the dietary CP content (9.8mL/kg body weight [BW] vs. 3.7mL/kg BW and 10.4mL/kg BW vs. 4.3mL/kg BW in HP and LP pigs, respectively). 24582664 7 45 theme 5.4mL/kg 1525:1532 arg1 BW 1534:1535 5.4mL/kg BW 1525:1535 5.4mL/kg BW 1525:1535 In the subsequent choice test, piglets fed the HP diet showed a tendency to a higher intake of CSc than of CSp (6.5mL/kg BW vs. 5.4mL/kg BW). 24582664 5 46 theme dietary 1057:1063 arg1 weight 1091:1096 9.8mL/kg body weight [BW 1077:1100 9.8mL/kg body weight [BW 1077:1100 Piglets showed higher intake and preference for the sucrose 40g/L than for the PDP 40g/L solution, independently of the dietary CP content (9.8mL/kg body weight [BW] vs. 3.7mL/kg BW and 10.4mL/kg BW vs. 4.3mL/kg BW in HP and LP pigs, respectively). 24582664 5 46 theme dietary 1057:1063 arg1 content 1068:1074 the dietary CP content 1053:1074 the dietary CP content (9.8mL/kg body weight [BW] 1053:1101 Piglets showed higher intake and preference for the sucrose 40g/L than for the PDP 40g/L solution, independently of the dietary CP content (9.8mL/kg body weight [BW] vs. 3.7mL/kg BW and 10.4mL/kg BW vs. 4.3mL/kg BW in HP and LP pigs, respectively). 24582664 4 47 theme piglets 758:764 arg1 preference 744:753 the preference 740:753 the preference of piglets 740:764 In Experiment 1, the preference of piglets was assessed by using a choice test between protein (porcine digestible peptides [PDP] 40g/L) and carbohydrate (sucrose 40g/L) water-based solutions for a period of 3min. 24582664 0 48 theme piglets 35:41 arg1 status 25:30 the protein status 13:30 the protein status of piglets 13:41 Influence of the protein status of piglets on their ability to select and prefer protein sources. 24582664 9 49 theme specific 1804:1811 arg1 appetite 1813:1820 a specific appetite 1802:1820 a specific appetite for protein to correct previous underfeeding with it 1802:1873 The results show that piglets are unable to express a specific appetite for protein to correct previous underfeeding with it; however, they may show an appropriate dietary selection pattern in order to overcome protein deficiency through associative learning. 24582664 6 50 theme plasma 1325:1330 arg1 60g/L 1332:1336 porcine animal plasma 60g/L 1310:1336 porcine animal plasma 60g/L 1310:1336 In Experiment 2, piglets were given eight training sessions in which two equally preferred flavors were mixed with protein (porcine animal plasma 60g/L, CSp) or carbohydrate (maltodextrin 60g/L, CSc) solutions. 24582664 6 50 theme plasma 1325:1330 arg1 CSp 1339:1341 CSp 1339:1341 CSp 1339:1341 In Experiment 2, piglets were given eight training sessions in which two equally preferred flavors were mixed with protein (porcine animal plasma 60g/L, CSp) or carbohydrate (maltodextrin 60g/L, CSc) solutions. 24582664 5 51 theme sucrose 989:995 arg1 40g/L 997:1001 the sucrose 40g/L 985:1001 the sucrose 40g/L 985:1001 Piglets showed higher intake and preference for the sucrose 40g/L than for the PDP 40g/L solution, independently of the dietary CP content (9.8mL/kg body weight [BW] vs. 3.7mL/kg BW and 10.4mL/kg BW vs. 4.3mL/kg BW in HP and LP pigs, respectively). 24582664 7 52 theme choice 1415:1420 arg1 test 1422:1425 the subsequent choice test 1400:1425 the subsequent choice test 1400:1425 In the subsequent choice test, piglets fed the HP diet showed a tendency to a higher intake of CSc than of CSp (6.5mL/kg BW vs. 5.4mL/kg BW). 24582664 6 53 theme porcine 1310:1316 arg1 60g/L 1332:1336 porcine animal plasma 60g/L 1310:1336 porcine animal plasma 60g/L 1310:1336 In Experiment 2, piglets were given eight training sessions in which two equally preferred flavors were mixed with protein (porcine animal plasma 60g/L, CSp) or carbohydrate (maltodextrin 60g/L, CSc) solutions. 24582664 6 53 theme porcine 1310:1316 arg1 CSp 1339:1341 CSp 1339:1341 CSp 1339:1341 In Experiment 2, piglets were given eight training sessions in which two equally preferred flavors were mixed with protein (porcine animal plasma 60g/L, CSp) or carbohydrate (maltodextrin 60g/L, CSc) solutions. 24582664 4 54 theme choice 790:795 arg1 test 797:800 a choice test 788:800 a choice test between protein (porcine digestible peptides [PDP] 40g/L) and carbohydrate (sucrose 40g/L) water-based solutions for a period of 3min 788:934 In Experiment 1, the preference of piglets was assessed by using a choice test between protein (porcine digestible peptides [PDP] 40g/L) and carbohydrate (sucrose 40g/L) water-based solutions for a period of 3min. 24582664 5 55 from BW 1116:1117 arg1 HP 1155:1156 HP 1155:1156 HP 1155:1156 Piglets showed higher intake and preference for the sucrose 40g/L than for the PDP 40g/L solution, independently of the dietary CP content (9.8mL/kg body weight [BW] vs. 3.7mL/kg BW and 10.4mL/kg BW vs. 4.3mL/kg BW in HP and LP pigs, respectively). 24582664 5 55 from BW 1116:1117 arg1 pigs 1165:1168 LP pigs 1162:1168 LP pigs 1162:1168 Piglets showed higher intake and preference for the sucrose 40g/L than for the PDP 40g/L solution, independently of the dietary CP content (9.8mL/kg body weight [BW] vs. 3.7mL/kg BW and 10.4mL/kg BW vs. 4.3mL/kg BW in HP and LP pigs, respectively). 24582664 3 56 theme isoenergetic 535:546 arg1 diets 548:552 two isoenergetic diets 531:552 two isoenergetic diets formulated to contain an optimal or sub-optimal crude-protein (CP) content, a high-protein (HP, 204g CP/kg as-fed) or a low-protein diet (LP, 142g CP/kg), respectively 531:720 Piglets were fed after weaning with two isoenergetic diets formulated to contain an optimal or sub-optimal crude-protein (CP) content, a high-protein (HP, 204g CP/kg as-fed) or a low-protein diet (LP, 142g CP/kg), respectively. 24582664 2 57 theme protein 479:485 arg1 status 487:492 their protein status 473:492 their protein status 473:492 We used 480 early-weaned piglets in two experiments to assess their ability to select and prefer protein-related sources, depending on their protein status. 24582664 5 58 from BW 1149:1150 arg1 HP 1155:1156 HP 1155:1156 HP 1155:1156 Piglets showed higher intake and preference for the sucrose 40g/L than for the PDP 40g/L solution, independently of the dietary CP content (9.8mL/kg body weight [BW] vs. 3.7mL/kg BW and 10.4mL/kg BW vs. 4.3mL/kg BW in HP and LP pigs, respectively). 24582664 5 58 from BW 1149:1150 arg1 pigs 1165:1168 LP pigs 1162:1168 LP pigs 1162:1168 Piglets showed higher intake and preference for the sucrose 40g/L than for the PDP 40g/L solution, independently of the dietary CP content (9.8mL/kg body weight [BW] vs. 3.7mL/kg BW and 10.4mL/kg BW vs. 4.3mL/kg BW in HP and LP pigs, respectively). 24582664 9 59 theme previous 1845:1852 arg1 underfeeding 1854:1865 previous underfeeding 1845:1865 previous underfeeding with it 1845:1873 The results show that piglets are unable to express a specific appetite for protein to correct previous underfeeding with it; however, they may show an appropriate dietary selection pattern in order to overcome protein deficiency through associative learning. 24582664 5 60 theme 3.7mL/kg 1107:1114 arg1 BW 1116:1117 3.7mL/kg BW 1107:1117 3.7mL/kg BW 1107:1117 Piglets showed higher intake and preference for the sucrose 40g/L than for the PDP 40g/L solution, independently of the dietary CP content (9.8mL/kg body weight [BW] vs. 3.7mL/kg BW and 10.4mL/kg BW vs. 4.3mL/kg BW in HP and LP pigs, respectively). 24582664 6 61 theme maltodextrin 1361:1372 arg1 60g/L 1374:1378 maltodextrin 60g/L 1361:1378 maltodextrin 60g/L 1361:1378 In Experiment 2, piglets were given eight training sessions in which two equally preferred flavors were mixed with protein (porcine animal plasma 60g/L, CSp) or carbohydrate (maltodextrin 60g/L, CSc) solutions. 24582664 6 61 theme maltodextrin 1361:1372 arg1 CSc 1381:1383 CSc 1381:1383 CSc 1381:1383 In Experiment 2, piglets were given eight training sessions in which two equally preferred flavors were mixed with protein (porcine animal plasma 60g/L, CSp) or carbohydrate (maltodextrin 60g/L, CSc) solutions. 24582664 6 62 theme carbohydrate 1347:1358 arg1 solutions 1386:1394 protein (porcine animal plasma 60g/L, CSp) or carbohydrate (maltodextrin 60g/L, CSc) solutions 1301:1394 solutions 1386:1394 In Experiment 2, piglets were given eight training sessions in which two equally preferred flavors were mixed with protein (porcine animal plasma 60g/L, CSp) or carbohydrate (maltodextrin 60g/L, CSc) solutions. 24582664 4 63 theme [PDP 847:850 arg1 40g/L 853:857 porcine digestible peptides [PDP] 40g/L 819:857 porcine digestible peptides [PDP] 40g/L 819:857 In Experiment 1, the preference of piglets was assessed by using a choice test between protein (porcine digestible peptides [PDP] 40g/L) and carbohydrate (sucrose 40g/L) water-based solutions for a period of 3min. 24582664 4 63 theme [PDP 847:850 arg1 protein 810:816 protein 810:816 protein (porcine digestible peptides [PDP] 40g/L) 810:858 In Experiment 1, the preference of piglets was assessed by using a choice test between protein (porcine digestible peptides [PDP] 40g/L) and carbohydrate (sucrose 40g/L) water-based solutions for a period of 3min. 24582664 3 64 theme 142g 696:699 arg1 CP/kg 701:705 142g CP/kg 696:705 142g CP/kg 696:705 Piglets were fed after weaning with two isoenergetic diets formulated to contain an optimal or sub-optimal crude-protein (CP) content, a high-protein (HP, 204g CP/kg as-fed) or a low-protein diet (LP, 142g CP/kg), respectively. 24582664 3 64 theme 142g 696:699 arg1 LP 692:693 LP 692:693 LP 692:693 Piglets were fed after weaning with two isoenergetic diets formulated to contain an optimal or sub-optimal crude-protein (CP) content, a high-protein (HP, 204g CP/kg as-fed) or a low-protein diet (LP, 142g CP/kg), respectively. 24582664 8 65 theme 10.2mL/kg 1659:1667 arg1 BW 1669:1670 10.2mL/kg BW 1659:1670 10.2mL/kg BW 1659:1670 On the other hand, piglets fed the LP diet showed a higher intake and preference for CSp than for CSc (15.5mL/kg BW vs. 10.2mL/kg BW), differences being higher for medium and low BW piglets than for heavy ones. 24582664 1 66 theme common 284:289 arg1 systems 299:305 the common feeding systems 280:305 the common feeding systems of the intensive pig industry 280:335 Pigs may have retained the capacity to choose feeds based on their nutritional requirements, even after decades in which they are not allowed to select their diet composition due to the common feeding systems of the intensive pig industry. 24582664 7 67 theme higher 1475:1480 arg1 intake 1482:1487 a higher intake 1473:1487 a higher intake of CSc 1473:1494 In the subsequent choice test, piglets fed the HP diet showed a tendency to a higher intake of CSc than of CSp (6.5mL/kg BW vs. 5.4mL/kg BW). 24582664 9 68 with underfeeding 1854:1865 arg1 it 1872:1873 it 1872:1873 it 1872:1873 The results show that piglets are unable to express a specific appetite for protein to correct previous underfeeding with it; however, they may show an appropriate dietary selection pattern in order to overcome protein deficiency through associative learning. 24582664 4 69 dep protein 810:816 arg1 solutions 905:913 water-based solutions 893:913 water-based solutions 893:913 In Experiment 1, the preference of piglets was assessed by using a choice test between protein (porcine digestible peptides [PDP] 40g/L) and carbohydrate (sucrose 40g/L) water-based solutions for a period of 3min. 24582664 3 70 dep diet 686:689 arg1 CP/kg 701:705 142g CP/kg 696:705 142g CP/kg 696:705 Piglets were fed after weaning with two isoenergetic diets formulated to contain an optimal or sub-optimal crude-protein (CP) content, a high-protein (HP, 204g CP/kg as-fed) or a low-protein diet (LP, 142g CP/kg), respectively. 24582664 3 70 dep diet 686:689 arg1 LP 692:693 LP 692:693 LP 692:693 Piglets were fed after weaning with two isoenergetic diets formulated to contain an optimal or sub-optimal crude-protein (CP) content, a high-protein (HP, 204g CP/kg as-fed) or a low-protein diet (LP, 142g CP/kg), respectively. 24582664 4 71 theme digestible 827:836 arg1 peptides 838:845 porcine digestible peptides 819:845 porcine digestible peptides [PDP] 40g/L 819:857 In Experiment 1, the preference of piglets was assessed by using a choice test between protein (porcine digestible peptides [PDP] 40g/L) and carbohydrate (sucrose 40g/L) water-based solutions for a period of 3min. 24582664 9 72 theme dietary 1914:1920 arg1 pattern 1932:1938 an appropriate dietary selection pattern 1899:1938 an appropriate dietary selection pattern 1899:1938 The results show that piglets are unable to express a specific appetite for protein to correct previous underfeeding with it; however, they may show an appropriate dietary selection pattern in order to overcome protein deficiency through associative learning. 24582664 1 73 theme pig 324:326 arg1 industry 328:335 the intensive pig industry 310:335 the intensive pig industry 310:335 Pigs may have retained the capacity to choose feeds based on their nutritional requirements, even after decades in which they are not allowed to select their diet composition due to the common feeding systems of the intensive pig industry. 24582664 8 74 theme other 1546:1550 arg1 hand 1552:1555 the other hand 1542:1555 the other hand 1542:1555 On the other hand, piglets fed the LP diet showed a higher intake and preference for CSp than for CSc (15.5mL/kg BW vs. 10.2mL/kg BW), differences being higher for medium and low BW piglets than for heavy ones. 24582664 8 75 dep CSc 1637:1639 arg1 BW 1652:1653 15.5mL/kg BW 1642:1653 15.5mL/kg BW 1642:1653 On the other hand, piglets fed the LP diet showed a higher intake and preference for CSp than for CSc (15.5mL/kg BW vs. 10.2mL/kg BW), differences being higher for medium and low BW piglets than for heavy ones. 24582664 8 75 dep CSc 1637:1639 arg1 BW 1669:1670 10.2mL/kg BW 1659:1670 10.2mL/kg BW 1659:1670 On the other hand, piglets fed the LP diet showed a higher intake and preference for CSp than for CSc (15.5mL/kg BW vs. 10.2mL/kg BW), differences being higher for medium and low BW piglets than for heavy ones. 24582664 0 76 theme protein 17:23 arg1 status 25:30 the protein status 13:30 the protein status of piglets 13:41 Influence of the protein status of piglets on their ability to select and prefer protein sources. 24582664 4 77 theme water-based 893:903 arg1 solutions 905:913 water-based solutions 893:913 water-based solutions 893:913 In Experiment 1, the preference of piglets was assessed by using a choice test between protein (porcine digestible peptides [PDP] 40g/L) and carbohydrate (sucrose 40g/L) water-based solutions for a period of 3min. 24582664 3 78 theme sub-optimal 590:600 arg1 CP 617:618 CP 617:618 CP 617:618 Piglets were fed after weaning with two isoenergetic diets formulated to contain an optimal or sub-optimal crude-protein (CP) content, a high-protein (HP, 204g CP/kg as-fed) or a low-protein diet (LP, 142g CP/kg), respectively. 24582664 3 78 theme sub-optimal 590:600 arg1 crude-protein 602:614 an optimal or sub-optimal crude-protein 576:614 an optimal or sub-optimal crude-protein (CP) content 576:627 Piglets were fed after weaning with two isoenergetic diets formulated to contain an optimal or sub-optimal crude-protein (CP) content, a high-protein (HP, 204g CP/kg as-fed) or a low-protein diet (LP, 142g CP/kg), respectively. 24582664 5 79 theme 4.3mL/kg 1140:1147 arg1 BW 1149:1150 4.3mL/kg BW 1140:1150 4.3mL/kg BW 1140:1150 Piglets showed higher intake and preference for the sucrose 40g/L than for the PDP 40g/L solution, independently of the dietary CP content (9.8mL/kg body weight [BW] vs. 3.7mL/kg BW and 10.4mL/kg BW vs. 4.3mL/kg BW in HP and LP pigs, respectively). 24582664 8 80 theme low 1714:1716 arg1 piglets 1721:1727 low BW piglets 1714:1727 low BW piglets 1714:1727 On the other hand, piglets fed the LP diet showed a higher intake and preference for CSp than for CSc (15.5mL/kg BW vs. 10.2mL/kg BW), differences being higher for medium and low BW piglets than for heavy ones. 24582664 3 81 theme optimal 579:585 arg1 CP 617:618 CP 617:618 CP 617:618 Piglets were fed after weaning with two isoenergetic diets formulated to contain an optimal or sub-optimal crude-protein (CP) content, a high-protein (HP, 204g CP/kg as-fed) or a low-protein diet (LP, 142g CP/kg), respectively. 24582664 3 81 theme optimal 579:585 arg1 crude-protein 602:614 an optimal or sub-optimal crude-protein 576:614 an optimal or sub-optimal crude-protein (CP) content 576:627 Piglets were fed after weaning with two isoenergetic diets formulated to contain an optimal or sub-optimal crude-protein (CP) content, a high-protein (HP, 204g CP/kg as-fed) or a low-protein diet (LP, 142g CP/kg), respectively. 24582664 5 82 theme PDP 1016:1018 arg1 solution 1026:1033 the PDP 40g/L solution 1012:1033 the PDP 40g/L solution 1012:1033 Piglets showed higher intake and preference for the sucrose 40g/L than for the PDP 40g/L solution, independently of the dietary CP content (9.8mL/kg body weight [BW] vs. 3.7mL/kg BW and 10.4mL/kg BW vs. 4.3mL/kg BW in HP and LP pigs, respectively). 24582664 4 83 theme 3min 931:934 arg1 period 921:926 a period 919:926 a period of 3min 919:934 In Experiment 1, the preference of piglets was assessed by using a choice test between protein (porcine digestible peptides [PDP] 40g/L) and carbohydrate (sucrose 40g/L) water-based solutions for a period of 3min. 24582664 9 84 theme associative 1988:1998 arg1 learning 2000:2007 associative learning 1988:2007 associative learning 1988:2007 The results show that piglets are unable to express a specific appetite for protein to correct previous underfeeding with it; however, they may show an appropriate dietary selection pattern in order to overcome protein deficiency through associative learning. 24582664 6 85 theme preferred 1267:1275 arg1 flavors 1277:1283 two equally preferred flavors 1255:1283 two equally preferred flavors 1255:1283 In Experiment 2, piglets were given eight training sessions in which two equally preferred flavors were mixed with protein (porcine animal plasma 60g/L, CSp) or carbohydrate (maltodextrin 60g/L, CSc) solutions. 24582664 5 86 theme body 1086:1089 arg1 weight 1091:1096 9.8mL/kg body weight [BW 1077:1100 9.8mL/kg body weight [BW 1077:1100 Piglets showed higher intake and preference for the sucrose 40g/L than for the PDP 40g/L solution, independently of the dietary CP content (9.8mL/kg body weight [BW] vs. 3.7mL/kg BW and 10.4mL/kg BW vs. 4.3mL/kg BW in HP and LP pigs, respectively). 24582664 5 86 theme body 1086:1089 arg1 content 1068:1074 the dietary CP content 1053:1074 the dietary CP content (9.8mL/kg body weight [BW] 1053:1101 Piglets showed higher intake and preference for the sucrose 40g/L than for the PDP 40g/L solution, independently of the dietary CP content (9.8mL/kg body weight [BW] vs. 3.7mL/kg BW and 10.4mL/kg BW vs. 4.3mL/kg BW in HP and LP pigs, respectively). 28927603 0 0 theme aneurysms 82:90 arg1 treatment 56:64 the treatment 52:64 the treatment of intracranial aneurysms 52:90 Optimisation of a novel glass-alginate hydrogel for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. 28927603 9 1 theme Gamma 964:968 arg1 irradiation 970:980 Gamma irradiation 964:980 Gamma irradiation of the alginate 964:996 Gamma irradiation of the alginate reduces the molecular weight, which has a negative effect on the usability of this hydrogel. 28927603 0 2 theme intracranial 69:80 arg1 aneurysms 82:90 intracranial aneurysms 69:90 intracranial aneurysms 69:90 Optimisation of a novel glass-alginate hydrogel for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. 28927603 5 3 dep wherein 432:438 arg1 controlled 464:473 controlled 464:473 can be controlled by both the glass and the alginate chemistry 457:518 This is an internally setting alginate hydrogel, wherein the setting rate can be controlled by both the glass and the alginate chemistry. 28927603 5 4 theme setting 405:411 arg1 hydrogel 422:429 an internally setting alginate hydrogel 391:429 an internally setting alginate hydrogel 391:429 This is an internally setting alginate hydrogel, wherein the setting rate can be controlled by both the glass and the alginate chemistry. 28927603 5 4 theme setting 405:411 arg1 This 383:386 This 383:386 This 383:386 This is an internally setting alginate hydrogel, wherein the setting rate can be controlled by both the glass and the alginate chemistry. 28927603 5 4 theme setting 405:411 arg1 wherein 432:438 wherein the setting rate can be controlled by both the glass and the alginate chemistry 432:518 wherein the setting rate can be controlled by both the glass and the alginate chemistry 432:518 This is an internally setting alginate hydrogel, wherein the setting rate can be controlled by both the glass and the alginate chemistry. 28927603 9 5 theme alginate 989:996 arg1 irradiation 970:980 Gamma irradiation 964:980 Gamma irradiation of the alginate 964:996 Gamma irradiation of the alginate reduces the molecular weight, which has a negative effect on the usability of this hydrogel. 28927603 8 6 theme alginate 800:807 arg1 concentration 809:821 alginate concentration 800:821 alginate concentration 800:821 The results show that alginate concentration, chemical composition and molecular weight affect the compressive strength, working time, hardening time and deliverability of the hydrogel. 28927603 0 7 theme hydrogel 39:46 arg1 Optimisation 0:11 Optimisation 0:11 Optimisation of a novel glass-alginate hydrogel for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. 0:91 Optimisation of a novel glass-alginate hydrogel for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. 28927603 6 8 theme hydrogel 637:644 arg1 composition 618:628 the composition 614:628 the composition of the hydrogel, specifically the alginate molecular weight, M/G ratio and concentration 614:717 The aim of this work is to examine the effect of each component of the hydrogel and optimise the composition of the hydrogel, specifically the alginate molecular weight, M/G ratio and concentration. 28927603 4 9 theme novel 330:334 arg1 alginate 318:325 a polymeric alginate 306:325 a polymeric alginate 306:325 This hydrogel is composed of a polymeric alginate, a novel ion releasing glass and glucono-delta-lactone. 28927603 4 9 theme novel 330:334 arg1 ion 336:338 a novel ion 328:338 a novel ion releasing glass and glucono-delta-lactone 328:380 This hydrogel is composed of a polymeric alginate, a novel ion releasing glass and glucono-delta-lactone. 28927603 2 10 located observed 190:197 arg1 cases 214:218 cases 214:218 cases 214:218 However, recurrence is observed in over 20% of cases. 28927603 2 10 located observed 190:197 arg1 % 209:209 over 20% 202:209 over 20% of cases 202:218 However, recurrence is observed in over 20% of cases. 28927603 2 10 located observed 190:197 arg2 recurrence 176:185 recurrence 176:185 recurrence 176:185 However, recurrence is observed in over 20% of cases. 28927603 7 11 theme sterilisation 741:753 arg1 effects 724:730 The effects 720:730 The effects of gamma sterilisation 720:753 The effects of gamma sterilisation will also be examined. 28927603 3 12 theme novel 223:227 arg1 hydrogel 229:236 A novel hydrogel 221:236 A novel hydrogel 221:236 A novel hydrogel has been developed to treat aneurysms. 28927603 0 13 theme novel 18:22 arg1 hydrogel 39:46 a novel glass-alginate hydrogel 16:46 a novel glass-alginate hydrogel 16:46 Optimisation of a novel glass-alginate hydrogel for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. 28927603 9 14 theme hydrogel 1081:1088 arg1 usability 1063:1071 the usability 1059:1071 the usability of this hydrogel 1059:1088 Gamma irradiation of the alginate reduces the molecular weight, which has a negative effect on the usability of this hydrogel. 28927603 8 15 theme hydrogel 954:961 arg1 time 907:910 working time 899:910 working time 899:910 The results show that alginate concentration, chemical composition and molecular weight affect the compressive strength, working time, hardening time and deliverability of the hydrogel. 28927603 8 15 theme hydrogel 954:961 arg1 strength 889:896 the compressive strength 873:896 the compressive strength 873:896 The results show that alginate concentration, chemical composition and molecular weight affect the compressive strength, working time, hardening time and deliverability of the hydrogel. 28927603 8 15 theme hydrogel 954:961 arg1 deliverability 932:945 deliverability 932:945 deliverability 932:945 The results show that alginate concentration, chemical composition and molecular weight affect the compressive strength, working time, hardening time and deliverability of the hydrogel. 28927603 8 15 theme hydrogel 954:961 arg1 time 923:926 hardening time 913:926 hardening time 913:926 The results show that alginate concentration, chemical composition and molecular weight affect the compressive strength, working time, hardening time and deliverability of the hydrogel. 28927603 5 16 theme setting 444:450 arg1 rate 452:455 the setting rate 440:455 the setting rate 440:455 This is an internally setting alginate hydrogel, wherein the setting rate can be controlled by both the glass and the alginate chemistry. 28927603 6 17 theme work 537:540 arg1 aim 525:527 The aim 521:527 The aim of this work 521:540 The aim of this work is to examine the effect of each component of the hydrogel and optimise the composition of the hydrogel, specifically the alginate molecular weight, M/G ratio and concentration. 28927603 7 18 theme gamma 735:739 arg1 sterilisation 741:753 gamma sterilisation 735:753 gamma sterilisation 735:753 The effects of gamma sterilisation will also be examined. 28927603 8 19 theme molecular 849:857 arg1 weight 859:864 molecular weight 849:864 molecular weight 849:864 The results show that alginate concentration, chemical composition and molecular weight affect the compressive strength, working time, hardening time and deliverability of the hydrogel. 28927603 0 20 theme glass-alginate 24:37 arg1 hydrogel 39:46 a novel glass-alginate hydrogel 16:46 a novel glass-alginate hydrogel 16:46 Optimisation of a novel glass-alginate hydrogel for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. 28927603 2 21 theme cases 214:218 arg1 cases 214:218 cases 214:218 cases 214:218 However, recurrence is observed in over 20% of cases. 28927603 2 21 theme cases 214:218 arg1 % 209:209 over 20% 202:209 over 20% of cases 202:218 However, recurrence is observed in over 20% of cases. 28927603 5 22 theme alginate 501:508 arg1 chemistry 510:518 the alginate chemistry 497:518 the alginate chemistry 497:518 This is an internally setting alginate hydrogel, wherein the setting rate can be controlled by both the glass and the alginate chemistry. 28927603 4 23 theme polymeric 308:316 arg1 alginate 318:325 a polymeric alginate 306:325 a polymeric alginate 306:325 This hydrogel is composed of a polymeric alginate, a novel ion releasing glass and glucono-delta-lactone. 28927603 4 23 theme polymeric 308:316 arg1 ion 336:338 a novel ion 328:338 a novel ion releasing glass and glucono-delta-lactone 328:380 This hydrogel is composed of a polymeric alginate, a novel ion releasing glass and glucono-delta-lactone. 28927603 6 24 theme M/G 691:693 arg1 hydrogel 637:644 the hydrogel 633:644 the hydrogel 633:644 The aim of this work is to examine the effect of each component of the hydrogel and optimise the composition of the hydrogel, specifically the alginate molecular weight, M/G ratio and concentration. 28927603 6 24 theme M/G 691:693 arg1 ratio 695:699 M/G ratio 691:699 M/G ratio 691:699 The aim of this work is to examine the effect of each component of the hydrogel and optimise the composition of the hydrogel, specifically the alginate molecular weight, M/G ratio and concentration. 28927603 5 25 theme alginate 413:420 arg1 hydrogel 422:429 an internally setting alginate hydrogel 391:429 an internally setting alginate hydrogel 391:429 This is an internally setting alginate hydrogel, wherein the setting rate can be controlled by both the glass and the alginate chemistry. 28927603 5 25 theme alginate 413:420 arg1 This 383:386 This 383:386 This 383:386 This is an internally setting alginate hydrogel, wherein the setting rate can be controlled by both the glass and the alginate chemistry. 28927603 5 25 theme alginate 413:420 arg1 wherein 432:438 wherein the setting rate can be controlled by both the glass and the alginate chemistry 432:518 wherein the setting rate can be controlled by both the glass and the alginate chemistry 432:518 This is an internally setting alginate hydrogel, wherein the setting rate can be controlled by both the glass and the alginate chemistry. 28927603 8 26 theme hardening 913:921 arg1 time 923:926 hardening time 913:926 hardening time 913:926 The results show that alginate concentration, chemical composition and molecular weight affect the compressive strength, working time, hardening time and deliverability of the hydrogel. 28927603 1 27 theme aneurysm 123:130 arg1 treatment 132:140 aneurysm treatment 123:140 aneurysm treatment 123:140 The current gold standard for aneurysm treatment is endovascular coiling. 28927603 6 28 theme hydrogel 592:599 arg1 component 575:583 each component 570:583 each component of the hydrogel 570:599 The aim of this work is to examine the effect of each component of the hydrogel and optimise the composition of the hydrogel, specifically the alginate molecular weight, M/G ratio and concentration. 28927603 8 29 theme compressive 877:887 arg1 strength 889:896 the compressive strength 873:896 the compressive strength 873:896 The results show that alginate concentration, chemical composition and molecular weight affect the compressive strength, working time, hardening time and deliverability of the hydrogel. 28927603 8 30 theme working 899:905 arg1 time 907:910 working time 899:910 working time 899:910 The results show that alginate concentration, chemical composition and molecular weight affect the compressive strength, working time, hardening time and deliverability of the hydrogel. 28927603 9 31 theme negative 1040:1047 arg1 effect 1049:1054 a negative effect 1038:1054 a negative effect 1038:1054 Gamma irradiation of the alginate reduces the molecular weight, which has a negative effect on the usability of this hydrogel. 28927603 8 32 theme chemical 824:831 arg1 composition 833:843 chemical composition 824:843 chemical composition 824:843 The results show that alginate concentration, chemical composition and molecular weight affect the compressive strength, working time, hardening time and deliverability of the hydrogel. 28927603 9 33 theme molecular 1010:1018 arg1 weight 1020:1025 the molecular weight 1006:1025 the molecular weight 1006:1025 Gamma irradiation of the alginate reduces the molecular weight, which has a negative effect on the usability of this hydrogel. 28927603 6 34 theme molecular 673:681 arg1 hydrogel 637:644 the hydrogel 633:644 the hydrogel 633:644 The aim of this work is to examine the effect of each component of the hydrogel and optimise the composition of the hydrogel, specifically the alginate molecular weight, M/G ratio and concentration. 28927603 6 34 theme molecular 673:681 arg1 weight 683:688 the alginate molecular weight 660:688 the alginate molecular weight 660:688 The aim of this work is to examine the effect of each component of the hydrogel and optimise the composition of the hydrogel, specifically the alginate molecular weight, M/G ratio and concentration. 28927603 9 35 contain has 1034:1036 arg1 weight 1020:1025 the molecular weight 1006:1025 the molecular weight 1006:1025 Gamma irradiation of the alginate reduces the molecular weight, which has a negative effect on the usability of this hydrogel. 28927603 9 35 contain has 1034:1036 arg2 effect 1049:1054 a negative effect 1038:1054 a negative effect 1038:1054 Gamma irradiation of the alginate reduces the molecular weight, which has a negative effect on the usability of this hydrogel. 28927603 6 36 theme alginate 664:671 arg1 hydrogel 637:644 the hydrogel 633:644 the hydrogel 633:644 The aim of this work is to examine the effect of each component of the hydrogel and optimise the composition of the hydrogel, specifically the alginate molecular weight, M/G ratio and concentration. 28927603 6 36 theme alginate 664:671 arg1 weight 683:688 the alginate molecular weight 660:688 the alginate molecular weight 660:688 The aim of this work is to examine the effect of each component of the hydrogel and optimise the composition of the hydrogel, specifically the alginate molecular weight, M/G ratio and concentration. 28927603 1 37 theme endovascular 145:156 arg1 standard 110:117 standard 110:117 standard 110:117 The current gold standard for aneurysm treatment is endovascular coiling. 28927603 1 37 theme endovascular 145:156 arg1 coiling 158:164 endovascular coiling 145:164 endovascular coiling 145:164 The current gold standard for aneurysm treatment is endovascular coiling. 28927603 6 38 theme component 575:583 arg1 effect 560:565 the effect 556:565 the effect of each component of the hydrogel 556:599 The aim of this work is to examine the effect of each component of the hydrogel and optimise the composition of the hydrogel, specifically the alginate molecular weight, M/G ratio and concentration. 25353946 0 0 theme iron 56:59 arg1 composite 61:69 zero-valent iron composite 44:69 zero-valent iron composite 44:69 Enhanced removal of soluble Cr(VI) by using zero-valent iron composite supported by surfactant-modified zeolites. 25353946 4 1 theme ZVI-SMZ 480:486 arg1 composites 488:497 the ZVI-SMZ composites 476:497 the ZVI-SMZ composites 476:497 The adsorption of dichromate onto the ZVI-SMZ composites fitted well to a pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. 25353946 4 2 dep adsorption 559:568 arg1 isotherm 570:577 isotherm 570:577 the Langmuir adsorption isotherm 546:577 The adsorption of dichromate onto the ZVI-SMZ composites fitted well to a pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. 25353946 0 3 theme zero-valent 44:54 arg1 composite 61:69 zero-valent iron composite 44:69 zero-valent iron composite 44:69 Enhanced removal of soluble Cr(VI) by using zero-valent iron composite supported by surfactant-modified zeolites. 25353946 5 4 theme dichromate 592:601 arg1 capacity 614:621 The maximum dichromate adsorption capacity 580:621 The maximum dichromate adsorption capacity of the composite 580:638 The maximum dichromate adsorption capacity of the composite was 2.49 mg/g at the temperature of 293 K. Higher removal efficiency was obtained at pH lower than 7. 25353946 5 4 theme dichromate 592:601 arg1 mg/g 649:652 2.49 mg/g 644:652 2.49 mg/g 644:652 The maximum dichromate adsorption capacity of the composite was 2.49 mg/g at the temperature of 293 K. Higher removal efficiency was obtained at pH lower than 7. 25353946 3 5 theme ZVI 332:334 arg1 powder 336:341 The added ZVI powder 322:341 The added ZVI powder 322:341 The added ZVI powder resulted in enhanced dichromate removal efficiency and the heterogeneous surface of the composite. 25353946 3 6 theme dichromate 364:373 arg1 efficiency 383:392 enhanced dichromate removal efficiency 355:392 enhanced dichromate removal efficiency 355:392 The added ZVI powder resulted in enhanced dichromate removal efficiency and the heterogeneous surface of the composite. 25353946 4 7 theme dichromate 460:469 arg1 adsorption 446:455 The adsorption 442:455 The adsorption of dichromate onto the ZVI-SMZ composites 442:497 The adsorption of dichromate onto the ZVI-SMZ composites fitted well to a pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. 25353946 0 8 theme surfactant-modified 84:102 arg1 zeolites 104:111 surfactant-modified zeolites 84:111 surfactant-modified zeolites 84:111 Enhanced removal of soluble Cr(VI) by using zero-valent iron composite supported by surfactant-modified zeolites. 25353946 0 9 dep supported 71:79 arg1 VI 31:32 VI 31:32 VI 31:32 Enhanced removal of soluble Cr(VI) by using zero-valent iron composite supported by surfactant-modified zeolites. 25353946 1 10 theme surfactant-modified 158:176 arg1 SMZ 188:190 SMZ 188:190 SMZ 188:190 Zero-valent iron (ZVI) was immobilized onto surfactant-modified zeolites (SMZ) using calcium alginate. 25353946 1 10 theme surfactant-modified 158:176 arg1 zeolites 178:185 surfactant-modified zeolites 158:185 surfactant-modified zeolites (SMZ) using calcium alginate 158:214 Zero-valent iron (ZVI) was immobilized onto surfactant-modified zeolites (SMZ) using calcium alginate. 25353946 3 11 theme added 326:330 arg1 powder 336:341 The added ZVI powder 322:341 The added ZVI powder 322:341 The added ZVI powder resulted in enhanced dichromate removal efficiency and the heterogeneous surface of the composite. 25353946 5 12 theme composite 630:638 arg1 capacity 614:621 The maximum dichromate adsorption capacity 580:621 The maximum dichromate adsorption capacity of the composite 580:638 The maximum dichromate adsorption capacity of the composite was 2.49 mg/g at the temperature of 293 K. Higher removal efficiency was obtained at pH lower than 7. 25353946 5 12 theme composite 630:638 arg1 mg/g 649:652 2.49 mg/g 644:652 2.49 mg/g 644:652 The maximum dichromate adsorption capacity of the composite was 2.49 mg/g at the temperature of 293 K. Higher removal efficiency was obtained at pH lower than 7. 25353946 2 13 theme ZVI 258:260 arg1 powder 262:267 ZVI powder 258:267 ZVI powder 258:267 Scanning electron microscopy showed that ZVI powder was uniformly immobilized on the surface of the SMZ. 25353946 5 14 theme lower 728:732 arg1 pH 725:726 pH 725:726 pH lower than 7 725:739 The maximum dichromate adsorption capacity of the composite was 2.49 mg/g at the temperature of 293 K. Higher removal efficiency was obtained at pH lower than 7. 25353946 3 15 theme enhanced 355:362 arg1 efficiency 383:392 enhanced dichromate removal efficiency 355:392 enhanced dichromate removal efficiency 355:392 The added ZVI powder resulted in enhanced dichromate removal efficiency and the heterogeneous surface of the composite. 25353946 6 16 theme SMZ 876:878 arg1 quality 834:840 the strong reductive quality 813:840 the strong reductive quality of ZVI and superior adsorption of SMZ 813:878 X-ray photoelectron spectrometry revealed that the composites combined the strong reductive quality of ZVI and superior adsorption of SMZ. 25353946 3 17 theme heterogeneous 402:414 arg1 surface 416:422 the heterogeneous surface 398:422 the heterogeneous surface of the composite 398:439 The added ZVI powder resulted in enhanced dichromate removal efficiency and the heterogeneous surface of the composite. 25353946 0 18 theme Enhanced 0:7 arg1 removal 9:15 Enhanced removal 0:15 Enhanced removal of soluble Cr 0:29 Enhanced removal of soluble Cr(VI) by using zero-valent iron composite supported by surfactant-modified zeolites. 25353946 0 19 theme soluble 20:26 arg1 Cr 28:29 soluble Cr 20:29 soluble Cr 20:29 Enhanced removal of soluble Cr(VI) by using zero-valent iron composite supported by surfactant-modified zeolites. 25353946 5 20 theme removal 690:696 arg1 efficiency 698:707 Higher removal efficiency 683:707 Higher removal efficiency 683:707 The maximum dichromate adsorption capacity of the composite was 2.49 mg/g at the temperature of 293 K. Higher removal efficiency was obtained at pH lower than 7. 25353946 5 21 theme maximum 584:590 arg1 capacity 614:621 The maximum dichromate adsorption capacity 580:621 The maximum dichromate adsorption capacity of the composite 580:638 The maximum dichromate adsorption capacity of the composite was 2.49 mg/g at the temperature of 293 K. Higher removal efficiency was obtained at pH lower than 7. 25353946 5 21 theme maximum 584:590 arg1 mg/g 649:652 2.49 mg/g 644:652 2.49 mg/g 644:652 The maximum dichromate adsorption capacity of the composite was 2.49 mg/g at the temperature of 293 K. Higher removal efficiency was obtained at pH lower than 7. 25353946 6 22 theme strong 817:822 arg1 quality 834:840 the strong reductive quality 813:840 the strong reductive quality of ZVI and superior adsorption of SMZ 813:878 X-ray photoelectron spectrometry revealed that the composites combined the strong reductive quality of ZVI and superior adsorption of SMZ. 25353946 4 23 theme Langmuir 550:557 arg1 adsorption 559:568 the Langmuir adsorption 546:568 the Langmuir adsorption isotherm 546:577 The adsorption of dichromate onto the ZVI-SMZ composites fitted well to a pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. 25353946 6 24 theme adsorption 862:871 arg1 quality 834:840 the strong reductive quality 813:840 the strong reductive quality of ZVI and superior adsorption of SMZ 813:878 X-ray photoelectron spectrometry revealed that the composites combined the strong reductive quality of ZVI and superior adsorption of SMZ. 25353946 2 25 theme Scanning 217:224 arg1 microscopy 235:244 Scanning electron microscopy 217:244 Scanning electron microscopy 217:244 Scanning electron microscopy showed that ZVI powder was uniformly immobilized on the surface of the SMZ. 25353946 3 26 theme composite 431:439 arg1 efficiency 383:392 enhanced dichromate removal efficiency 355:392 enhanced dichromate removal efficiency 355:392 The added ZVI powder resulted in enhanced dichromate removal efficiency and the heterogeneous surface of the composite. 25353946 3 26 theme composite 431:439 arg1 surface 416:422 the heterogeneous surface 398:422 the heterogeneous surface of the composite 398:439 The added ZVI powder resulted in enhanced dichromate removal efficiency and the heterogeneous surface of the composite. 25353946 0 27 theme Cr 28:29 arg1 removal 9:15 Enhanced removal 0:15 Enhanced removal of soluble Cr 0:29 Enhanced removal of soluble Cr(VI) by using zero-valent iron composite supported by surfactant-modified zeolites. 25353946 5 28 dep K. 680:681 arg1 obtained 713:720 obtained 713:720 was obtained at pH lower than 7 709:739 The maximum dichromate adsorption capacity of the composite was 2.49 mg/g at the temperature of 293 K. Higher removal efficiency was obtained at pH lower than 7. 25353946 6 29 theme superior 853:860 arg1 adsorption 862:871 superior adsorption 853:871 superior adsorption 853:871 X-ray photoelectron spectrometry revealed that the composites combined the strong reductive quality of ZVI and superior adsorption of SMZ. 25353946 6 30 theme photoelectron 748:760 arg1 spectrometry 762:773 X-ray photoelectron spectrometry 742:773 X-ray photoelectron spectrometry 742:773 X-ray photoelectron spectrometry revealed that the composites combined the strong reductive quality of ZVI and superior adsorption of SMZ. 25353946 3 31 theme removal 375:381 arg1 efficiency 383:392 enhanced dichromate removal efficiency 355:392 enhanced dichromate removal efficiency 355:392 The added ZVI powder resulted in enhanced dichromate removal efficiency and the heterogeneous surface of the composite. 25353946 5 32 from temperature 661:671 arg1 capacity 614:621 The maximum dichromate adsorption capacity 580:621 The maximum dichromate adsorption capacity of the composite 580:638 The maximum dichromate adsorption capacity of the composite was 2.49 mg/g at the temperature of 293 K. Higher removal efficiency was obtained at pH lower than 7. 25353946 5 32 from temperature 661:671 arg1 mg/g 649:652 2.49 mg/g 644:652 2.49 mg/g 644:652 The maximum dichromate adsorption capacity of the composite was 2.49 mg/g at the temperature of 293 K. Higher removal efficiency was obtained at pH lower than 7. 25353946 6 33 theme X-ray 742:746 arg1 spectrometry 762:773 X-ray photoelectron spectrometry 742:773 X-ray photoelectron spectrometry 742:773 X-ray photoelectron spectrometry revealed that the composites combined the strong reductive quality of ZVI and superior adsorption of SMZ. 25353946 6 34 theme ZVI 845:847 arg1 quality 834:840 the strong reductive quality 813:840 the strong reductive quality of ZVI and superior adsorption of SMZ 813:878 X-ray photoelectron spectrometry revealed that the composites combined the strong reductive quality of ZVI and superior adsorption of SMZ. 25353946 2 35 theme SMZ 317:319 arg1 surface 302:308 the surface 298:308 the surface of the SMZ 298:319 Scanning electron microscopy showed that ZVI powder was uniformly immobilized on the surface of the SMZ. 25353946 4 36 theme pseudo-second-order 516:534 arg1 model 536:540 a pseudo-second-order model 514:540 a pseudo-second-order model 514:540 The adsorption of dichromate onto the ZVI-SMZ composites fitted well to a pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. 25353946 5 37 theme K. 680:681 arg1 temperature 661:671 the temperature 657:671 the temperature of 293 K. Higher removal efficiency was obtained at pH lower than 7 657:739 The maximum dichromate adsorption capacity of the composite was 2.49 mg/g at the temperature of 293 K. Higher removal efficiency was obtained at pH lower than 7. 25353946 5 38 theme adsorption 603:612 arg1 capacity 614:621 The maximum dichromate adsorption capacity 580:621 The maximum dichromate adsorption capacity of the composite 580:638 The maximum dichromate adsorption capacity of the composite was 2.49 mg/g at the temperature of 293 K. Higher removal efficiency was obtained at pH lower than 7. 25353946 5 38 theme adsorption 603:612 arg1 mg/g 649:652 2.49 mg/g 644:652 2.49 mg/g 644:652 The maximum dichromate adsorption capacity of the composite was 2.49 mg/g at the temperature of 293 K. Higher removal efficiency was obtained at pH lower than 7. 25353946 1 39 theme Zero-valent 114:124 arg1 ZVI 132:134 ZVI 132:134 ZVI 132:134 Zero-valent iron (ZVI) was immobilized onto surfactant-modified zeolites (SMZ) using calcium alginate. 25353946 1 39 theme Zero-valent 114:124 arg1 iron 126:129 Zero-valent iron 114:129 Zero-valent iron (ZVI) 114:135 Zero-valent iron (ZVI) was immobilized onto surfactant-modified zeolites (SMZ) using calcium alginate. 25353946 1 40 theme calcium 199:205 arg1 alginate 207:214 calcium alginate 199:214 calcium alginate 199:214 Zero-valent iron (ZVI) was immobilized onto surfactant-modified zeolites (SMZ) using calcium alginate. 25353946 5 41 theme Higher 683:688 arg1 efficiency 698:707 Higher removal efficiency 683:707 Higher removal efficiency 683:707 The maximum dichromate adsorption capacity of the composite was 2.49 mg/g at the temperature of 293 K. Higher removal efficiency was obtained at pH lower than 7. 25353946 6 42 theme reductive 824:832 arg1 quality 834:840 the strong reductive quality 813:840 the strong reductive quality of ZVI and superior adsorption of SMZ 813:878 X-ray photoelectron spectrometry revealed that the composites combined the strong reductive quality of ZVI and superior adsorption of SMZ. 25353946 2 43 theme electron 226:233 arg1 microscopy 235:244 Scanning electron microscopy 217:244 Scanning electron microscopy 217:244 Scanning electron microscopy showed that ZVI powder was uniformly immobilized on the surface of the SMZ. 25863631 6 0 theme proteins 962:969 arg1 degradation 943:953 the degradation 939:953 the degradation of the proteins and lipids 939:980 This was because the coatings effectively prevented oxygen and bacteria from reaching S. ocellatus, and thus inhibited the degradation of the proteins and lipids. 25863631 7 1 theme chitosan 1027:1034 arg1 properties 1044:1053 chitosan coating properties 1027:1053 chitosan coating properties 1027:1053 The in situ modified method is conducive to chitosan coating properties, which will be widely used in the food preservation field. 25863631 3 2 theme in 523:524 arg1 modifier 531:538 the in situ modifier 519:538 the in situ modifier 519:538 The results revealed that the coatings were homogeneous and compact when the in situ modifier was sodium stearate. 25863631 3 2 theme in 523:524 arg1 stearate 551:558 sodium stearate 544:558 sodium stearate 544:558 The results revealed that the coatings were homogeneous and compact when the in situ modifier was sodium stearate. 25863631 5 3 theme sodium 772:777 arg1 stearate 779:786 sodium stearate 772:786 sodium stearate 772:786 Meanwhile, the preservation effects to S. ocellatus of the coatings modified in situ by sodium stearate and sodium citrate were better. 25863631 7 4 used used 1077:1080 arg2 properties 1044:1053 chitosan coating properties 1027:1053 chitosan coating properties 1027:1053 The in situ modified method is conducive to chitosan coating properties, which will be widely used in the food preservation field. 25863631 7 5 theme food 1089:1092 arg1 field 1107:1111 the food preservation field 1085:1111 the food preservation field 1085:1111 The in situ modified method is conducive to chitosan coating properties, which will be widely used in the food preservation field. 25863631 2 6 theme coating 303:309 arg1 structures 311:320 The coating structures 299:320 The coating structures 299:320 The coating structures were characterised, and the preservation properties of the coatings were evaluated by fresh indices of Sciaenops ocellatus. 25863631 7 7 theme preservation 1094:1105 arg1 field 1107:1111 the food preservation field 1085:1111 the food preservation field 1085:1111 The in situ modified method is conducive to chitosan coating properties, which will be widely used in the food preservation field. 25863631 1 8 theme different 278:286 arg1 modifiers 288:296 different modifiers 278:296 different modifiers 278:296 To improve the dispersibility, hydrophilia constraints of primitive particle size, and reduce the economic cost, in situ modified CaCO3-chitosan composite coatings were prepared by tape-casting with different modifiers. 25863631 5 9 theme coatings 743:750 arg1 Meanwhile 684:692 Meanwhile 684:692 Meanwhile 684:692 Meanwhile, the preservation effects to S. ocellatus of the coatings modified in situ by sodium stearate and sodium citrate were better. 25863631 5 9 theme coatings 743:750 arg1 citrate 799:805 sodium citrate 792:805 sodium citrate 792:805 Meanwhile, the preservation effects to S. ocellatus of the coatings modified in situ by sodium stearate and sodium citrate were better. 25863631 5 9 theme coatings 743:750 arg1 effects 712:718 the preservation effects 695:718 the preservation effects to S. ocellatus of the coatings modified in situ by sodium stearate 695:786 Meanwhile, the preservation effects to S. ocellatus of the coatings modified in situ by sodium stearate and sodium citrate were better. 25863631 3 10 theme sodium 544:549 arg1 modifier 531:538 the in situ modifier 519:538 the in situ modifier 519:538 The results revealed that the coatings were homogeneous and compact when the in situ modifier was sodium stearate. 25863631 3 10 theme sodium 544:549 arg1 stearate 551:558 sodium stearate 544:558 sodium stearate 544:558 The results revealed that the coatings were homogeneous and compact when the in situ modifier was sodium stearate. 25863631 4 11 theme chitosan 591:598 arg1 chitosan 591:598 chitosan 591:598 chitosan 591:598 Besides, the amide I group of chitosan disappeared and hydrogen bonds were formed between the nano-CaCO3 and the chitosan. 25863631 4 11 theme chitosan 591:598 arg1 group 582:586 the amide I group 570:586 the amide I group of chitosan 570:598 Besides, the amide I group of chitosan disappeared and hydrogen bonds were formed between the nano-CaCO3 and the chitosan. 25863631 1 12 theme economic 177:184 arg1 cost 186:189 the economic cost 173:189 the economic cost 173:189 To improve the dispersibility, hydrophilia constraints of primitive particle size, and reduce the economic cost, in situ modified CaCO3-chitosan composite coatings were prepared by tape-casting with different modifiers. 25863631 3 13 dep in 523:524 arg1 situ 526:529 situ 526:529 situ 526:529 The results revealed that the coatings were homogeneous and compact when the in situ modifier was sodium stearate. 25863631 0 14 theme Preservation 0:11 arg1 properties 13:22 Preservation properties 0:22 Preservation properties of in situ modified CaCO3-chitosan composite coatings. 0:77 Preservation properties of in situ modified CaCO3-chitosan composite coatings. 25863631 6 15 theme lipids 975:980 arg1 degradation 943:953 the degradation 939:953 the degradation of the proteins and lipids 939:980 This was because the coatings effectively prevented oxygen and bacteria from reaching S. ocellatus, and thus inhibited the degradation of the proteins and lipids. 25863631 0 16 theme in 27:28 arg1 coatings 69:76 in situ modified CaCO3-chitosan composite coatings 27:76 in situ modified CaCO3-chitosan composite coatings 27:76 Preservation properties of in situ modified CaCO3-chitosan composite coatings. 25863631 5 17 theme sodium 792:797 arg1 citrate 799:805 sodium citrate 792:805 sodium citrate 792:805 Meanwhile, the preservation effects to S. ocellatus of the coatings modified in situ by sodium stearate and sodium citrate were better. 25863631 1 18 theme in 192:193 arg1 coatings 234:241 in situ modified CaCO3-chitosan composite coatings 192:241 in situ modified CaCO3-chitosan composite coatings 192:241 To improve the dispersibility, hydrophilia constraints of primitive particle size, and reduce the economic cost, in situ modified CaCO3-chitosan composite coatings were prepared by tape-casting with different modifiers. 25863631 4 19 theme I 580:580 arg1 chitosan 591:598 chitosan 591:598 chitosan 591:598 Besides, the amide I group of chitosan disappeared and hydrogen bonds were formed between the nano-CaCO3 and the chitosan. 25863631 4 19 theme I 580:580 arg1 group 582:586 the amide I group 570:586 the amide I group of chitosan 570:598 Besides, the amide I group of chitosan disappeared and hydrogen bonds were formed between the nano-CaCO3 and the chitosan. 25863631 4 20 theme hydrogen 616:623 arg1 bonds 625:629 hydrogen bonds 616:629 hydrogen bonds 616:629 Besides, the amide I group of chitosan disappeared and hydrogen bonds were formed between the nano-CaCO3 and the chitosan. 25863631 7 21 dep in 987:988 arg1 situ 990:993 situ 990:993 situ 990:993 The in situ modified method is conducive to chitosan coating properties, which will be widely used in the food preservation field. 25863631 2 22 theme ocellatus 435:443 arg1 indices 414:420 fresh indices 408:420 fresh indices of Sciaenops ocellatus 408:443 The coating structures were characterised, and the preservation properties of the coatings were evaluated by fresh indices of Sciaenops ocellatus. 25863631 0 23 theme modified 35:42 arg1 coatings 69:76 in situ modified CaCO3-chitosan composite coatings 27:76 in situ modified CaCO3-chitosan composite coatings 27:76 Preservation properties of in situ modified CaCO3-chitosan composite coatings. 25863631 4 24 theme amide 574:578 arg1 chitosan 591:598 chitosan 591:598 chitosan 591:598 Besides, the amide I group of chitosan disappeared and hydrogen bonds were formed between the nano-CaCO3 and the chitosan. 25863631 4 24 theme amide 574:578 arg1 group 582:586 the amide I group 570:586 the amide I group of chitosan 570:598 Besides, the amide I group of chitosan disappeared and hydrogen bonds were formed between the nano-CaCO3 and the chitosan. 25863631 1 25 theme modified 200:207 arg1 coatings 234:241 in situ modified CaCO3-chitosan composite coatings 192:241 in situ modified CaCO3-chitosan composite coatings 192:241 To improve the dispersibility, hydrophilia constraints of primitive particle size, and reduce the economic cost, in situ modified CaCO3-chitosan composite coatings were prepared by tape-casting with different modifiers. 25863631 2 26 theme Sciaenops 425:433 arg1 ocellatus 435:443 Sciaenops ocellatus 425:443 Sciaenops ocellatus 425:443 The coating structures were characterised, and the preservation properties of the coatings were evaluated by fresh indices of Sciaenops ocellatus. 25863631 1 27 theme CaCO3-chitosan 209:222 arg1 coatings 234:241 in situ modified CaCO3-chitosan composite coatings 192:241 in situ modified CaCO3-chitosan composite coatings 192:241 To improve the dispersibility, hydrophilia constraints of primitive particle size, and reduce the economic cost, in situ modified CaCO3-chitosan composite coatings were prepared by tape-casting with different modifiers. 25863631 0 28 theme composite 59:67 arg1 coatings 69:76 in situ modified CaCO3-chitosan composite coatings 27:76 in situ modified CaCO3-chitosan composite coatings 27:76 Preservation properties of in situ modified CaCO3-chitosan composite coatings. 25863631 7 29 theme coating 1036:1042 arg1 properties 1044:1053 chitosan coating properties 1027:1053 chitosan coating properties 1027:1053 The in situ modified method is conducive to chitosan coating properties, which will be widely used in the food preservation field. 25863631 0 30 theme CaCO3-chitosan 44:57 arg1 coatings 69:76 in situ modified CaCO3-chitosan composite coatings 27:76 in situ modified CaCO3-chitosan composite coatings 27:76 Preservation properties of in situ modified CaCO3-chitosan composite coatings. 25863631 6 31 dep proteins 962:969 arg1 the 958:960 the 958:960 the 958:960 This was because the coatings effectively prevented oxygen and bacteria from reaching S. ocellatus, and thus inhibited the degradation of the proteins and lipids. 25863631 7 32 theme modified 995:1002 arg1 method 1004:1009 The in situ modified method 983:1009 The in situ modified method 983:1009 The in situ modified method is conducive to chitosan coating properties, which will be widely used in the food preservation field. 25863631 7 32 theme modified 995:1002 arg1 conducive 1014:1022 conducive 1014:1022 conducive 1014:1022 The in situ modified method is conducive to chitosan coating properties, which will be widely used in the food preservation field. 25863631 2 33 theme preservation 350:361 arg1 properties 363:372 the preservation properties 346:372 the preservation properties of the coatings 346:388 The coating structures were characterised, and the preservation properties of the coatings were evaluated by fresh indices of Sciaenops ocellatus. 25863631 0 34 dep in 27:28 arg1 situ 30:33 situ 30:33 situ 30:33 Preservation properties of in situ modified CaCO3-chitosan composite coatings. 25863631 1 35 theme primitive 137:145 arg1 size 156:159 primitive particle size 137:159 primitive particle size 137:159 To improve the dispersibility, hydrophilia constraints of primitive particle size, and reduce the economic cost, in situ modified CaCO3-chitosan composite coatings were prepared by tape-casting with different modifiers. 25863631 1 36 theme composite 224:232 arg1 coatings 234:241 in situ modified CaCO3-chitosan composite coatings 192:241 in situ modified CaCO3-chitosan composite coatings 192:241 To improve the dispersibility, hydrophilia constraints of primitive particle size, and reduce the economic cost, in situ modified CaCO3-chitosan composite coatings were prepared by tape-casting with different modifiers. 25863631 5 37 theme preservation 699:710 arg1 effects 712:718 the preservation effects 695:718 the preservation effects to S. ocellatus of the coatings modified in situ by sodium stearate 695:786 Meanwhile, the preservation effects to S. ocellatus of the coatings modified in situ by sodium stearate and sodium citrate were better. 25863631 7 38 theme in 987:988 arg1 method 1004:1009 The in situ modified method 983:1009 The in situ modified method 983:1009 The in situ modified method is conducive to chitosan coating properties, which will be widely used in the food preservation field. 25863631 7 38 theme in 987:988 arg1 conducive 1014:1022 conducive 1014:1022 conducive 1014:1022 The in situ modified method is conducive to chitosan coating properties, which will be widely used in the food preservation field. 25863631 1 39 theme particle 147:154 arg1 size 156:159 primitive particle size 137:159 primitive particle size 137:159 To improve the dispersibility, hydrophilia constraints of primitive particle size, and reduce the economic cost, in situ modified CaCO3-chitosan composite coatings were prepared by tape-casting with different modifiers. 25863631 1 40 dep in 192:193 arg1 situ 195:198 situ 195:198 situ 195:198 To improve the dispersibility, hydrophilia constraints of primitive particle size, and reduce the economic cost, in situ modified CaCO3-chitosan composite coatings were prepared by tape-casting with different modifiers. 25863631 1 41 theme size 156:159 arg1 constraints 122:132 constraints 122:132 constraints of primitive particle size 122:159 To improve the dispersibility, hydrophilia constraints of primitive particle size, and reduce the economic cost, in situ modified CaCO3-chitosan composite coatings were prepared by tape-casting with different modifiers. 25863631 2 42 theme fresh 408:412 arg1 indices 414:420 fresh indices 408:420 fresh indices of Sciaenops ocellatus 408:443 The coating structures were characterised, and the preservation properties of the coatings were evaluated by fresh indices of Sciaenops ocellatus. 25863631 0 43 theme coatings 69:76 arg1 properties 13:22 Preservation properties 0:22 Preservation properties of in situ modified CaCO3-chitosan composite coatings. 0:77 Preservation properties of in situ modified CaCO3-chitosan composite coatings. 25863631 2 44 theme coatings 381:388 arg1 properties 363:372 the preservation properties 346:372 the preservation properties of the coatings 346:388 The coating structures were characterised, and the preservation properties of the coatings were evaluated by fresh indices of Sciaenops ocellatus. 28821108 4 0 with contact 816:822 arg1 solution 836:843 buffer solution 829:843 buffer solution having physiological pH. The XTT assay revealed that the composite film is non-toxic in nature and it was witnessed that the composite film was capable of delivering curcumin, a hydrophobic drug that has an ability to show antimicrobial activity and wound healing capability 829:1118 It was observed that the notch (single and multiple) created over the composite film was disappeared by showing vibrant diffusion and ionic interlocking in contact with buffer solution having physiological pH. The XTT assay revealed that the composite film is non-toxic in nature and it was witnessed that the composite film was capable of delivering curcumin, a hydrophobic drug that has an ability to show antimicrobial activity and wound healing capability. 28821108 4 1 dep pH. 866:868 arg1 witnessed 951:959 witnessed 951:959 was witnessed that the composite film was capable of delivering curcumin, a hydrophobic drug that has an ability to show antimicrobial activity and wound healing capability 947:1118 It was observed that the notch (single and multiple) created over the composite film was disappeared by showing vibrant diffusion and ionic interlocking in contact with buffer solution having physiological pH. The XTT assay revealed that the composite film is non-toxic in nature and it was witnessed that the composite film was capable of delivering curcumin, a hydrophobic drug that has an ability to show antimicrobial activity and wound healing capability. 28821108 4 1 dep pH. 866:868 arg1 revealed 884:891 revealed 884:891 revealed that the composite film is non-toxic in nature 884:938 It was observed that the notch (single and multiple) created over the composite film was disappeared by showing vibrant diffusion and ionic interlocking in contact with buffer solution having physiological pH. The XTT assay revealed that the composite film is non-toxic in nature and it was witnessed that the composite film was capable of delivering curcumin, a hydrophobic drug that has an ability to show antimicrobial activity and wound healing capability. 28821108 4 2 theme buffer 829:834 arg1 solution 836:843 buffer solution 829:843 buffer solution having physiological pH. The XTT assay revealed that the composite film is non-toxic in nature and it was witnessed that the composite film was capable of delivering curcumin, a hydrophobic drug that has an ability to show antimicrobial activity and wound healing capability 829:1118 It was observed that the notch (single and multiple) created over the composite film was disappeared by showing vibrant diffusion and ionic interlocking in contact with buffer solution having physiological pH. The XTT assay revealed that the composite film is non-toxic in nature and it was witnessed that the composite film was capable of delivering curcumin, a hydrophobic drug that has an ability to show antimicrobial activity and wound healing capability. 28821108 3 3 theme Glucanoacetobacter 508:525 arg1 bacteria 546:553 Glucanoacetobacter xylinus (MTCC7795) bacteria 508:553 Glucanoacetobacter xylinus (MTCC7795) bacteria 508:553 BC was prepared using Glucanoacetobacter xylinus (MTCC7795) bacteria and after that its surface was modified with anionic poly(acrylic acid) using "grafting from" technique. 28821108 4 4 from non-toxic 920:928 arg1 nature 933:938 nature 933:938 nature 933:938 It was observed that the notch (single and multiple) created over the composite film was disappeared by showing vibrant diffusion and ionic interlocking in contact with buffer solution having physiological pH. The XTT assay revealed that the composite film is non-toxic in nature and it was witnessed that the composite film was capable of delivering curcumin, a hydrophobic drug that has an ability to show antimicrobial activity and wound healing capability. 28821108 3 5 dep using 502:506 arg1 modified 586:593 modified 586:593 was modified with anionic poly(acrylic acid) using "grafting from" technique 582:657 BC was prepared using Glucanoacetobacter xylinus (MTCC7795) bacteria and after that its surface was modified with anionic poly(acrylic acid) using "grafting from" technique. 28821108 4 6 theme antimicrobial 1068:1080 arg1 activity 1082:1089 antimicrobial activity 1068:1089 antimicrobial activity 1068:1089 It was observed that the notch (single and multiple) created over the composite film was disappeared by showing vibrant diffusion and ionic interlocking in contact with buffer solution having physiological pH. The XTT assay revealed that the composite film is non-toxic in nature and it was witnessed that the composite film was capable of delivering curcumin, a hydrophobic drug that has an ability to show antimicrobial activity and wound healing capability. 28821108 2 7 theme physiological 397:409 arg1 pH 411:412 physiological pH 397:412 physiological pH condition 397:422 This polyelectrolyte film is able to show dynamic self-healing activity at physiological pH condition via adapting ionic interaction, a state of non-covalent bond. 28821108 0 8 theme polyeloctrolyte 49:63 arg1 film 65:68 self-healable polyeloctrolyte film 35:68 self-healable polyeloctrolyte film 35:68 Modified bacterial cellulose based self-healable polyeloctrolyte film for wound dressing application. 28821108 4 9 theme composite 730:738 arg1 film 740:743 the composite film 726:743 the composite film 726:743 It was observed that the notch (single and multiple) created over the composite film was disappeared by showing vibrant diffusion and ionic interlocking in contact with buffer solution having physiological pH. The XTT assay revealed that the composite film is non-toxic in nature and it was witnessed that the composite film was capable of delivering curcumin, a hydrophobic drug that has an ability to show antimicrobial activity and wound healing capability. 28821108 4 10 theme wound 1095:1099 arg1 healing 1101:1107 wound healing 1095:1107 wound healing capability 1095:1118 It was observed that the notch (single and multiple) created over the composite film was disappeared by showing vibrant diffusion and ionic interlocking in contact with buffer solution having physiological pH. The XTT assay revealed that the composite film is non-toxic in nature and it was witnessed that the composite film was capable of delivering curcumin, a hydrophobic drug that has an ability to show antimicrobial activity and wound healing capability. 28821108 0 11 theme bacterial 9:17 arg1 cellulose 19:27 Modified bacterial cellulose 0:27 Modified bacterial cellulose 0:27 Modified bacterial cellulose based self-healable polyeloctrolyte film for wound dressing application. 28821108 3 12 mod modified 586:593 arg3 acid 621:624 acrylic acid 613:624 acrylic acid 613:624 BC was prepared using Glucanoacetobacter xylinus (MTCC7795) bacteria and after that its surface was modified with anionic poly(acrylic acid) using "grafting from" technique. 28821108 3 12 mod modified 586:593 arg3 poly 608:611 anionic poly 600:611 anionic poly(acrylic acid) using "grafting from" technique 600:657 BC was prepared using Glucanoacetobacter xylinus (MTCC7795) bacteria and after that its surface was modified with anionic poly(acrylic acid) using "grafting from" technique. 28821108 3 12 mod modified 586:593 arg1 surface 574:580 its surface 570:580 its surface 570:580 BC was prepared using Glucanoacetobacter xylinus (MTCC7795) bacteria and after that its surface was modified with anionic poly(acrylic acid) using "grafting from" technique. 28821108 1 13 theme charged 207:213 arg1 Cts 225:227 Cts 225:227 Cts 225:227 In this investigation, we prepare a self-healable polyelectrolyte film via crosslinking the cationically charged chitosan (Cts) with anionically modified bacterial cellulose (BC), which is a green source of nano-filler. 28821108 1 13 theme charged 207:213 arg1 chitosan 215:222 the cationically charged chitosan 190:222 the cationically charged chitosan (Cts) 190:228 In this investigation, we prepare a self-healable polyelectrolyte film via crosslinking the cationically charged chitosan (Cts) with anionically modified bacterial cellulose (BC), which is a green source of nano-filler. 28821108 0 14 theme Modified 0:7 arg1 cellulose 19:27 Modified bacterial cellulose 0:27 Modified bacterial cellulose 0:27 Modified bacterial cellulose based self-healable polyeloctrolyte film for wound dressing application. 28821108 3 15 dep Glucanoacetobacter 508:525 arg1 xylinus 527:533 Glucanoacetobacter xylinus 508:533 Glucanoacetobacter xylinus (MTCC7795) bacteria 508:553 BC was prepared using Glucanoacetobacter xylinus (MTCC7795) bacteria and after that its surface was modified with anionic poly(acrylic acid) using "grafting from" technique. 28821108 2 16 theme self-healing 372:383 arg1 activity 385:392 dynamic self-healing activity 364:392 dynamic self-healing activity 364:392 This polyelectrolyte film is able to show dynamic self-healing activity at physiological pH condition via adapting ionic interaction, a state of non-covalent bond. 28821108 4 17 dep notch 685:689 arg1 multiple 703:710 multiple 703:710 multiple 703:710 It was observed that the notch (single and multiple) created over the composite film was disappeared by showing vibrant diffusion and ionic interlocking in contact with buffer solution having physiological pH. The XTT assay revealed that the composite film is non-toxic in nature and it was witnessed that the composite film was capable of delivering curcumin, a hydrophobic drug that has an ability to show antimicrobial activity and wound healing capability. 28821108 4 17 dep notch 685:689 arg1 single 692:697 single 692:697 single 692:697 It was observed that the notch (single and multiple) created over the composite film was disappeared by showing vibrant diffusion and ionic interlocking in contact with buffer solution having physiological pH. The XTT assay revealed that the composite film is non-toxic in nature and it was witnessed that the composite film was capable of delivering curcumin, a hydrophobic drug that has an ability to show antimicrobial activity and wound healing capability. 28821108 2 18 theme adapting 428:435 arg1 interaction 443:453 adapting ionic interaction 428:453 adapting ionic interaction 428:453 This polyelectrolyte film is able to show dynamic self-healing activity at physiological pH condition via adapting ionic interaction, a state of non-covalent bond. 28821108 2 18 theme adapting 428:435 arg1 state 458:462 a state 456:462 a state of non-covalent bond 456:483 This polyelectrolyte film is able to show dynamic self-healing activity at physiological pH condition via adapting ionic interaction, a state of non-covalent bond. 28821108 2 19 theme ionic 437:441 arg1 interaction 443:453 adapting ionic interaction 428:453 adapting ionic interaction 428:453 This polyelectrolyte film is able to show dynamic self-healing activity at physiological pH condition via adapting ionic interaction, a state of non-covalent bond. 28821108 2 19 theme ionic 437:441 arg1 state 458:462 a state 456:462 a state of non-covalent bond 456:483 This polyelectrolyte film is able to show dynamic self-healing activity at physiological pH condition via adapting ionic interaction, a state of non-covalent bond. 28821108 1 20 theme polyelectrolyte 152:166 arg1 film 168:171 a self-healable polyelectrolyte film 136:171 a self-healable polyelectrolyte film 136:171 In this investigation, we prepare a self-healable polyelectrolyte film via crosslinking the cationically charged chitosan (Cts) with anionically modified bacterial cellulose (BC), which is a green source of nano-filler. 28821108 2 21 theme bond 480:483 arg1 interaction 443:453 adapting ionic interaction 428:453 adapting ionic interaction 428:453 This polyelectrolyte film is able to show dynamic self-healing activity at physiological pH condition via adapting ionic interaction, a state of non-covalent bond. 28821108 2 21 theme bond 480:483 arg1 state 458:462 a state 456:462 a state of non-covalent bond 456:483 This polyelectrolyte film is able to show dynamic self-healing activity at physiological pH condition via adapting ionic interaction, a state of non-covalent bond. 28821108 1 22 theme green 293:297 arg1 cellulose 266:274 bacterial cellulose 256:274 bacterial cellulose (BC) 256:279 In this investigation, we prepare a self-healable polyelectrolyte film via crosslinking the cationically charged chitosan (Cts) with anionically modified bacterial cellulose (BC), which is a green source of nano-filler. 28821108 1 22 theme green 293:297 arg1 source 299:304 a green source 291:304 a green source of nano-filler 291:319 In this investigation, we prepare a self-healable polyelectrolyte film via crosslinking the cationically charged chitosan (Cts) with anionically modified bacterial cellulose (BC), which is a green source of nano-filler. 28821108 4 23 theme composite 902:910 arg1 non-toxic 920:928 non-toxic 920:928 non-toxic 920:928 It was observed that the notch (single and multiple) created over the composite film was disappeared by showing vibrant diffusion and ionic interlocking in contact with buffer solution having physiological pH. The XTT assay revealed that the composite film is non-toxic in nature and it was witnessed that the composite film was capable of delivering curcumin, a hydrophobic drug that has an ability to show antimicrobial activity and wound healing capability. 28821108 4 23 theme composite 902:910 arg1 film 912:915 the composite film 898:915 the composite film 898:915 It was observed that the notch (single and multiple) created over the composite film was disappeared by showing vibrant diffusion and ionic interlocking in contact with buffer solution having physiological pH. The XTT assay revealed that the composite film is non-toxic in nature and it was witnessed that the composite film was capable of delivering curcumin, a hydrophobic drug that has an ability to show antimicrobial activity and wound healing capability. 28821108 2 24 theme non-covalent 467:478 arg1 bond 480:483 non-covalent bond 467:483 non-covalent bond 467:483 This polyelectrolyte film is able to show dynamic self-healing activity at physiological pH condition via adapting ionic interaction, a state of non-covalent bond. 28821108 0 25 theme self-healable 35:47 arg1 film 65:68 self-healable polyeloctrolyte film 35:68 self-healable polyeloctrolyte film 35:68 Modified bacterial cellulose based self-healable polyeloctrolyte film for wound dressing application. 28821108 2 26 dep pH 411:412 arg1 condition 414:422 condition 414:422 physiological pH condition 397:422 This polyelectrolyte film is able to show dynamic self-healing activity at physiological pH condition via adapting ionic interaction, a state of non-covalent bond. 28821108 4 27 theme composite 970:978 arg1 capable 989:995 capable 989:995 capable 989:995 It was observed that the notch (single and multiple) created over the composite film was disappeared by showing vibrant diffusion and ionic interlocking in contact with buffer solution having physiological pH. The XTT assay revealed that the composite film is non-toxic in nature and it was witnessed that the composite film was capable of delivering curcumin, a hydrophobic drug that has an ability to show antimicrobial activity and wound healing capability. 28821108 4 27 theme composite 970:978 arg1 film 980:983 the composite film 966:983 the composite film 966:983 It was observed that the notch (single and multiple) created over the composite film was disappeared by showing vibrant diffusion and ionic interlocking in contact with buffer solution having physiological pH. The XTT assay revealed that the composite film is non-toxic in nature and it was witnessed that the composite film was capable of delivering curcumin, a hydrophobic drug that has an ability to show antimicrobial activity and wound healing capability. 28821108 4 28 theme ionic 794:798 arg1 interlocking 800:811 ionic interlocking 794:811 ionic interlocking 794:811 It was observed that the notch (single and multiple) created over the composite film was disappeared by showing vibrant diffusion and ionic interlocking in contact with buffer solution having physiological pH. The XTT assay revealed that the composite film is non-toxic in nature and it was witnessed that the composite film was capable of delivering curcumin, a hydrophobic drug that has an ability to show antimicrobial activity and wound healing capability. 28821108 1 29 theme nano-filler 309:319 arg1 cellulose 266:274 bacterial cellulose 256:274 bacterial cellulose (BC) 256:279 In this investigation, we prepare a self-healable polyelectrolyte film via crosslinking the cationically charged chitosan (Cts) with anionically modified bacterial cellulose (BC), which is a green source of nano-filler. 28821108 1 29 theme nano-filler 309:319 arg1 source 299:304 a green source 291:304 a green source of nano-filler 291:319 In this investigation, we prepare a self-healable polyelectrolyte film via crosslinking the cationically charged chitosan (Cts) with anionically modified bacterial cellulose (BC), which is a green source of nano-filler. 28821108 4 30 contain has 1045:1047 arg1 drug 1035:1038 a hydrophobic drug 1021:1038 a hydrophobic drug that has an ability to show antimicrobial activity and wound healing capability 1021:1118 It was observed that the notch (single and multiple) created over the composite film was disappeared by showing vibrant diffusion and ionic interlocking in contact with buffer solution having physiological pH. The XTT assay revealed that the composite film is non-toxic in nature and it was witnessed that the composite film was capable of delivering curcumin, a hydrophobic drug that has an ability to show antimicrobial activity and wound healing capability. 28821108 4 30 contain has 1045:1047 arg1 curcumin 1011:1018 curcumin 1011:1018 curcumin 1011:1018 It was observed that the notch (single and multiple) created over the composite film was disappeared by showing vibrant diffusion and ionic interlocking in contact with buffer solution having physiological pH. The XTT assay revealed that the composite film is non-toxic in nature and it was witnessed that the composite film was capable of delivering curcumin, a hydrophobic drug that has an ability to show antimicrobial activity and wound healing capability. 28821108 4 30 contain has 1045:1047 arg2 ability 1052:1058 an ability to show antimicrobial activity and wound healing capability 1049:1118 an ability to show antimicrobial activity and wound healing capability 1049:1118 It was observed that the notch (single and multiple) created over the composite film was disappeared by showing vibrant diffusion and ionic interlocking in contact with buffer solution having physiological pH. The XTT assay revealed that the composite film is non-toxic in nature and it was witnessed that the composite film was capable of delivering curcumin, a hydrophobic drug that has an ability to show antimicrobial activity and wound healing capability. 28821108 4 31 theme vibrant 772:778 arg1 diffusion 780:788 vibrant diffusion 772:788 vibrant diffusion 772:788 It was observed that the notch (single and multiple) created over the composite film was disappeared by showing vibrant diffusion and ionic interlocking in contact with buffer solution having physiological pH. The XTT assay revealed that the composite film is non-toxic in nature and it was witnessed that the composite film was capable of delivering curcumin, a hydrophobic drug that has an ability to show antimicrobial activity and wound healing capability. 28821108 3 32 theme acrylic 613:619 arg1 poly 608:611 anionic poly 600:611 anionic poly(acrylic acid) using "grafting from" technique 600:657 BC was prepared using Glucanoacetobacter xylinus (MTCC7795) bacteria and after that its surface was modified with anionic poly(acrylic acid) using "grafting from" technique. 28821108 3 32 theme acrylic 613:619 arg1 acid 621:624 acrylic acid 613:624 acrylic acid 613:624 BC was prepared using Glucanoacetobacter xylinus (MTCC7795) bacteria and after that its surface was modified with anionic poly(acrylic acid) using "grafting from" technique. 28821108 3 33 theme anionic 600:606 arg1 poly 608:611 anionic poly 600:611 anionic poly(acrylic acid) using "grafting from" technique 600:657 BC was prepared using Glucanoacetobacter xylinus (MTCC7795) bacteria and after that its surface was modified with anionic poly(acrylic acid) using "grafting from" technique. 28821108 3 33 theme anionic 600:606 arg1 acid 621:624 acrylic acid 613:624 acrylic acid 613:624 BC was prepared using Glucanoacetobacter xylinus (MTCC7795) bacteria and after that its surface was modified with anionic poly(acrylic acid) using "grafting from" technique. 28821108 2 34 theme polyelectrolyte 327:341 arg1 film 343:346 This polyelectrolyte film 322:346 This polyelectrolyte film 322:346 This polyelectrolyte film is able to show dynamic self-healing activity at physiological pH condition via adapting ionic interaction, a state of non-covalent bond. 28821108 4 35 theme hydrophobic 1023:1033 arg1 drug 1035:1038 a hydrophobic drug 1021:1038 a hydrophobic drug that has an ability to show antimicrobial activity and wound healing capability 1021:1118 It was observed that the notch (single and multiple) created over the composite film was disappeared by showing vibrant diffusion and ionic interlocking in contact with buffer solution having physiological pH. The XTT assay revealed that the composite film is non-toxic in nature and it was witnessed that the composite film was capable of delivering curcumin, a hydrophobic drug that has an ability to show antimicrobial activity and wound healing capability. 28821108 4 35 theme hydrophobic 1023:1033 arg1 curcumin 1011:1018 curcumin 1011:1018 curcumin 1011:1018 It was observed that the notch (single and multiple) created over the composite film was disappeared by showing vibrant diffusion and ionic interlocking in contact with buffer solution having physiological pH. The XTT assay revealed that the composite film is non-toxic in nature and it was witnessed that the composite film was capable of delivering curcumin, a hydrophobic drug that has an ability to show antimicrobial activity and wound healing capability. 28821108 4 36 theme XTT 874:876 arg1 assay 878:882 The XTT assay 870:882 The XTT assay 870:882 It was observed that the notch (single and multiple) created over the composite film was disappeared by showing vibrant diffusion and ionic interlocking in contact with buffer solution having physiological pH. The XTT assay revealed that the composite film is non-toxic in nature and it was witnessed that the composite film was capable of delivering curcumin, a hydrophobic drug that has an ability to show antimicrobial activity and wound healing capability. 28821108 1 37 theme self-healable 138:150 arg1 film 168:171 a self-healable polyelectrolyte film 136:171 a self-healable polyelectrolyte film 136:171 In this investigation, we prepare a self-healable polyelectrolyte film via crosslinking the cationically charged chitosan (Cts) with anionically modified bacterial cellulose (BC), which is a green source of nano-filler. 28821108 1 38 theme modified 247:254 arg1 BC 277:278 BC 277:278 BC 277:278 In this investigation, we prepare a self-healable polyelectrolyte film via crosslinking the cationically charged chitosan (Cts) with anionically modified bacterial cellulose (BC), which is a green source of nano-filler. 28821108 1 38 theme modified 247:254 arg1 cellulose 266:274 bacterial cellulose 256:274 bacterial cellulose (BC) 256:279 In this investigation, we prepare a self-healable polyelectrolyte film via crosslinking the cationically charged chitosan (Cts) with anionically modified bacterial cellulose (BC), which is a green source of nano-filler. 28821108 1 38 theme modified 247:254 arg1 source 299:304 a green source 291:304 a green source of nano-filler 291:319 In this investigation, we prepare a self-healable polyelectrolyte film via crosslinking the cationically charged chitosan (Cts) with anionically modified bacterial cellulose (BC), which is a green source of nano-filler. 28821108 0 39 theme dressing 80:87 arg1 application 89:99 wound dressing application 74:99 wound dressing application 74:99 Modified bacterial cellulose based self-healable polyeloctrolyte film for wound dressing application. 28821108 4 40 theme healing 1101:1107 arg1 capability 1109:1118 wound healing capability 1095:1118 wound healing capability 1095:1118 It was observed that the notch (single and multiple) created over the composite film was disappeared by showing vibrant diffusion and ionic interlocking in contact with buffer solution having physiological pH. The XTT assay revealed that the composite film is non-toxic in nature and it was witnessed that the composite film was capable of delivering curcumin, a hydrophobic drug that has an ability to show antimicrobial activity and wound healing capability. 28821108 2 41 theme dynamic 364:370 arg1 activity 385:392 dynamic self-healing activity 364:392 dynamic self-healing activity 364:392 This polyelectrolyte film is able to show dynamic self-healing activity at physiological pH condition via adapting ionic interaction, a state of non-covalent bond. 28821108 1 42 theme bacterial 256:264 arg1 BC 277:278 BC 277:278 BC 277:278 In this investigation, we prepare a self-healable polyelectrolyte film via crosslinking the cationically charged chitosan (Cts) with anionically modified bacterial cellulose (BC), which is a green source of nano-filler. 28821108 1 42 theme bacterial 256:264 arg1 cellulose 266:274 bacterial cellulose 256:274 bacterial cellulose (BC) 256:279 In this investigation, we prepare a self-healable polyelectrolyte film via crosslinking the cationically charged chitosan (Cts) with anionically modified bacterial cellulose (BC), which is a green source of nano-filler. 28821108 1 42 theme bacterial 256:264 arg1 source 299:304 a green source 291:304 a green source of nano-filler 291:319 In this investigation, we prepare a self-healable polyelectrolyte film via crosslinking the cationically charged chitosan (Cts) with anionically modified bacterial cellulose (BC), which is a green source of nano-filler. 28821108 0 43 theme wound 74:78 arg1 application 89:99 wound dressing application 74:99 wound dressing application 74:99 Modified bacterial cellulose based self-healable polyeloctrolyte film for wound dressing application. 28821108 4 44 contain having 845:850 arg1 solution 836:843 buffer solution 829:843 buffer solution having physiological pH. The XTT assay revealed that the composite film is non-toxic in nature and it was witnessed that the composite film was capable of delivering curcumin, a hydrophobic drug that has an ability to show antimicrobial activity and wound healing capability 829:1118 It was observed that the notch (single and multiple) created over the composite film was disappeared by showing vibrant diffusion and ionic interlocking in contact with buffer solution having physiological pH. The XTT assay revealed that the composite film is non-toxic in nature and it was witnessed that the composite film was capable of delivering curcumin, a hydrophobic drug that has an ability to show antimicrobial activity and wound healing capability. 28821108 4 44 contain having 845:850 arg2 pH. 866:868 physiological pH. 852:868 physiological pH. The XTT assay revealed that the composite film is non-toxic in nature and it was witnessed that the composite film was capable of delivering curcumin, a hydrophobic drug that has an ability to show antimicrobial activity and wound healing capability 852:1118 It was observed that the notch (single and multiple) created over the composite film was disappeared by showing vibrant diffusion and ionic interlocking in contact with buffer solution having physiological pH. The XTT assay revealed that the composite film is non-toxic in nature and it was witnessed that the composite film was capable of delivering curcumin, a hydrophobic drug that has an ability to show antimicrobial activity and wound healing capability. 28821108 4 45 from nature 933:938 arg1 non-toxic 920:928 non-toxic 920:928 non-toxic 920:928 It was observed that the notch (single and multiple) created over the composite film was disappeared by showing vibrant diffusion and ionic interlocking in contact with buffer solution having physiological pH. The XTT assay revealed that the composite film is non-toxic in nature and it was witnessed that the composite film was capable of delivering curcumin, a hydrophobic drug that has an ability to show antimicrobial activity and wound healing capability. 28821108 4 45 from nature 933:938 arg1 film 912:915 the composite film 898:915 the composite film 898:915 It was observed that the notch (single and multiple) created over the composite film was disappeared by showing vibrant diffusion and ionic interlocking in contact with buffer solution having physiological pH. The XTT assay revealed that the composite film is non-toxic in nature and it was witnessed that the composite film was capable of delivering curcumin, a hydrophobic drug that has an ability to show antimicrobial activity and wound healing capability. 27341782 2 0 theme PCL/CH 443:448 arg1 diameters 425:433 The average fiber diameters 407:433 The average fiber diameters of PCL, PCL/CH, and PCL/CCA composite fibrous mats 407:484 The average fiber diameters of PCL, PCL/CH, and PCL/CCA composite fibrous mats were 1.30±1.07, 1.20±1.22, and 0.94±0.68μm, respectively. 27341782 2 0 theme PCL/CH 443:448 arg1 1.30±1.07 491:499 1.30±1.07 491:499 1.30±1.07 491:499 The average fiber diameters of PCL, PCL/CH, and PCL/CCA composite fibrous mats were 1.30±1.07, 1.20±1.22, and 0.94±0.68μm, respectively. 27341782 5 1 theme PCL/CH 1049:1054 arg1 mat 1064:1066 PCL/CH fibrous mat 1049:1066 PCL/CH fibrous mat 1049:1066 The PCL/CCA fibrous mat show significantly higher initial cell attachment and cell proliferation than the PCL and PCL/CH fibrous mat, and a high antimicrobial effect was observed compared to the PCL and PCL/CH fibrous mat. 27341782 5 2 theme PCL/CH 1138:1143 arg1 mat 1153:1155 the PCL and PCL/CH fibrous mat 1126:1155 mat 1153:1155 The PCL/CCA fibrous mat show significantly higher initial cell attachment and cell proliferation than the PCL and PCL/CH fibrous mat, and a high antimicrobial effect was observed compared to the PCL and PCL/CH fibrous mat. 27341782 5 3 theme high 1075:1078 arg1 effect 1094:1099 a high antimicrobial effect 1073:1099 a high antimicrobial effect 1073:1099 The PCL/CCA fibrous mat show significantly higher initial cell attachment and cell proliferation than the PCL and PCL/CH fibrous mat, and a high antimicrobial effect was observed compared to the PCL and PCL/CH fibrous mat. 27341782 4 4 theme fibrolast-neonatal 813:830 arg1 cells 843:847 normal human dermal fibrolast-neonatal (NHDF-neo) cells 793:847 normal human dermal fibrolast-neonatal (NHDF-neo) cells 793:847 Additionally, initial cell attachment and cell proliferation of the composites using normal human dermal fibrolast-neonatal (NHDF-neo) cells, as well as the antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, was investigated. 27341782 6 5 theme tissue 1284:1289 arg1 engineering 1291:1301 skin tissue engineering 1279:1301 skin tissue engineering 1279:1301 Based on these results, the PCL/CCA fibrous mat can be used as candidate biomaterial for wound dressing applications and skin tissue engineering. 27341782 5 6 theme fibrous 1145:1151 arg1 mat 1153:1155 the PCL and PCL/CH fibrous mat 1126:1155 mat 1153:1155 The PCL/CCA fibrous mat show significantly higher initial cell attachment and cell proliferation than the PCL and PCL/CH fibrous mat, and a high antimicrobial effect was observed compared to the PCL and PCL/CH fibrous mat. 27341782 0 7 theme /chitosan-caffeic 96:112 arg1 mat 137:139 poly(ε-caprolactone)/chitosan-caffeic acid composite fibrous mat 76:139 poly(ε-caprolactone)/chitosan-caffeic acid composite fibrous mat 76:139 Fabrication, characterization and determination of biological activities of poly(ε-caprolactone)/chitosan-caffeic acid composite fibrous mat for wound dressing application. 27341782 1 8 theme chitosan-caffeic 305:320 arg1 conjugate 327:335 chitosan-caffeic acid conjugate 305:335 chitosan-caffeic acid conjugate (CCA) 305:341 In the present study, we designed and fabricated composite fibrous mats consisting of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), chitosan (CH), or chitosan-caffeic acid conjugate (CCA) by an electrospinning technique for wound dressing application. 27341782 1 8 theme chitosan-caffeic 305:320 arg1 CCA 338:340 CCA 338:340 CCA 338:340 In the present study, we designed and fabricated composite fibrous mats consisting of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), chitosan (CH), or chitosan-caffeic acid conjugate (CCA) by an electrospinning technique for wound dressing application. 27341782 2 9 dep PCL 438:440 arg1 mats 481:484 composite fibrous mats 463:484 composite fibrous mats 463:484 The average fiber diameters of PCL, PCL/CH, and PCL/CCA composite fibrous mats were 1.30±1.07, 1.20±1.22, and 0.94±0.68μm, respectively. 27341782 5 10 theme initial 985:991 arg1 attachment 998:1007 significantly higher initial cell attachment 964:1007 significantly higher initial cell attachment 964:1007 The PCL/CCA fibrous mat show significantly higher initial cell attachment and cell proliferation than the PCL and PCL/CH fibrous mat, and a high antimicrobial effect was observed compared to the PCL and PCL/CH fibrous mat. 27341782 5 11 theme fibrous 947:953 arg1 mat 955:957 The PCL/CCA fibrous mat 935:957 The PCL/CCA fibrous mat 935:957 The PCL/CCA fibrous mat show significantly higher initial cell attachment and cell proliferation than the PCL and PCL/CH fibrous mat, and a high antimicrobial effect was observed compared to the PCL and PCL/CH fibrous mat. 27341782 2 12 theme fibrous 473:479 arg1 mats 481:484 composite fibrous mats 463:484 composite fibrous mats 463:484 The average fiber diameters of PCL, PCL/CH, and PCL/CCA composite fibrous mats were 1.30±1.07, 1.20±1.22, and 0.94±0.68μm, respectively. 27341782 1 13 theme acid 322:325 arg1 conjugate 327:335 chitosan-caffeic acid conjugate 305:335 chitosan-caffeic acid conjugate (CCA) 305:341 In the present study, we designed and fabricated composite fibrous mats consisting of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), chitosan (CH), or chitosan-caffeic acid conjugate (CCA) by an electrospinning technique for wound dressing application. 27341782 1 13 theme acid 322:325 arg1 CCA 338:340 CCA 338:340 CCA 338:340 In the present study, we designed and fabricated composite fibrous mats consisting of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), chitosan (CH), or chitosan-caffeic acid conjugate (CCA) by an electrospinning technique for wound dressing application. 27341782 4 14 theme NHDF-neo 833:840 arg1 cells 843:847 normal human dermal fibrolast-neonatal (NHDF-neo) cells 793:847 normal human dermal fibrolast-neonatal (NHDF-neo) cells 793:847 Additionally, initial cell attachment and cell proliferation of the composites using normal human dermal fibrolast-neonatal (NHDF-neo) cells, as well as the antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, was investigated. 27341782 6 15 used used 1213:1216 arg2 mat 1202:1204 the PCL/CCA fibrous mat 1182:1204 the PCL/CCA fibrous mat 1182:1204 Based on these results, the PCL/CCA fibrous mat can be used as candidate biomaterial for wound dressing applications and skin tissue engineering. 27341782 6 15 used used 1213:1216 arg2 biomaterial 1231:1241 candidate biomaterial 1221:1241 candidate biomaterial for wound dressing applications and skin tissue engineering 1221:1301 Based on these results, the PCL/CCA fibrous mat can be used as candidate biomaterial for wound dressing applications and skin tissue engineering. 27341782 0 16 theme composite 119:127 arg1 mat 137:139 poly(ε-caprolactone)/chitosan-caffeic acid composite fibrous mat 76:139 poly(ε-caprolactone)/chitosan-caffeic acid composite fibrous mat 76:139 Fabrication, characterization and determination of biological activities of poly(ε-caprolactone)/chitosan-caffeic acid composite fibrous mat for wound dressing application. 27341782 5 17 theme fibrous 1056:1062 arg1 mat 1064:1066 PCL/CH fibrous mat 1049:1066 PCL/CH fibrous mat 1049:1066 The PCL/CCA fibrous mat show significantly higher initial cell attachment and cell proliferation than the PCL and PCL/CH fibrous mat, and a high antimicrobial effect was observed compared to the PCL and PCL/CH fibrous mat. 27341782 4 18 theme normal 793:798 arg1 cells 843:847 normal human dermal fibrolast-neonatal (NHDF-neo) cells 793:847 normal human dermal fibrolast-neonatal (NHDF-neo) cells 793:847 Additionally, initial cell attachment and cell proliferation of the composites using normal human dermal fibrolast-neonatal (NHDF-neo) cells, as well as the antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, was investigated. 27341782 4 19 theme initial 722:728 arg1 attachment 735:744 initial cell attachment 722:744 initial cell attachment 722:744 Additionally, initial cell attachment and cell proliferation of the composites using normal human dermal fibrolast-neonatal (NHDF-neo) cells, as well as the antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, was investigated. 27341782 0 20 theme acid 114:117 arg1 mat 137:139 poly(ε-caprolactone)/chitosan-caffeic acid composite fibrous mat 76:139 poly(ε-caprolactone)/chitosan-caffeic acid composite fibrous mat 76:139 Fabrication, characterization and determination of biological activities of poly(ε-caprolactone)/chitosan-caffeic acid composite fibrous mat for wound dressing application. 27341782 6 21 theme skin 1279:1282 arg1 engineering 1291:1301 skin tissue engineering 1279:1301 skin tissue engineering 1279:1301 Based on these results, the PCL/CCA fibrous mat can be used as candidate biomaterial for wound dressing applications and skin tissue engineering. 27341782 1 22 theme present 180:186 arg1 study 188:192 the present study 176:192 the present study 176:192 In the present study, we designed and fabricated composite fibrous mats consisting of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), chitosan (CH), or chitosan-caffeic acid conjugate (CCA) by an electrospinning technique for wound dressing application. 27341782 2 23 theme average 411:417 arg1 diameters 425:433 The average fiber diameters 407:433 The average fiber diameters of PCL, PCL/CH, and PCL/CCA composite fibrous mats 407:484 The average fiber diameters of PCL, PCL/CH, and PCL/CCA composite fibrous mats were 1.30±1.07, 1.20±1.22, and 0.94±0.68μm, respectively. 27341782 2 23 theme average 411:417 arg1 1.30±1.07 491:499 1.30±1.07 491:499 1.30±1.07 491:499 The average fiber diameters of PCL, PCL/CH, and PCL/CCA composite fibrous mats were 1.30±1.07, 1.20±1.22, and 0.94±0.68μm, respectively. 27341782 4 24 theme dermal 806:811 arg1 cells 843:847 normal human dermal fibrolast-neonatal (NHDF-neo) cells 793:847 normal human dermal fibrolast-neonatal (NHDF-neo) cells 793:847 Additionally, initial cell attachment and cell proliferation of the composites using normal human dermal fibrolast-neonatal (NHDF-neo) cells, as well as the antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, was investigated. 27341782 6 25 theme fibrous 1194:1200 arg1 biomaterial 1231:1241 candidate biomaterial 1221:1241 candidate biomaterial for wound dressing applications and skin tissue engineering 1221:1301 Based on these results, the PCL/CCA fibrous mat can be used as candidate biomaterial for wound dressing applications and skin tissue engineering. 27341782 6 25 theme fibrous 1194:1200 arg1 mat 1202:1204 the PCL/CCA fibrous mat 1182:1204 the PCL/CCA fibrous mat 1182:1204 Based on these results, the PCL/CCA fibrous mat can be used as candidate biomaterial for wound dressing applications and skin tissue engineering. 27341782 6 26 theme dressing 1253:1260 arg1 applications 1262:1273 wound dressing applications 1247:1273 wound dressing applications 1247:1273 Based on these results, the PCL/CCA fibrous mat can be used as candidate biomaterial for wound dressing applications and skin tissue engineering. 27341782 3 27 theme fibrous 695:701 arg1 mat 703:705 PCL/CH fibrous mat 688:705 PCL/CH fibrous mat 688:705 Based on universal tensile machine (UTM) analysis, the PCL/CCA fibrous mat significantly increased tensile properties compared with the PCL and PCL/CH fibrous mat. 27341782 3 28 theme PCL/CCA 599:605 arg1 mat 615:617 the PCL/CCA fibrous mat 595:617 the PCL/CCA fibrous mat 595:617 Based on universal tensile machine (UTM) analysis, the PCL/CCA fibrous mat significantly increased tensile properties compared with the PCL and PCL/CH fibrous mat. 27341782 3 29 theme fibrous 607:613 arg1 mat 615:617 the PCL/CCA fibrous mat 595:617 the PCL/CCA fibrous mat 595:617 Based on universal tensile machine (UTM) analysis, the PCL/CCA fibrous mat significantly increased tensile properties compared with the PCL and PCL/CH fibrous mat. 27341782 4 30 theme cell 750:753 arg1 proliferation 755:767 cell proliferation 750:767 cell proliferation 750:767 Additionally, initial cell attachment and cell proliferation of the composites using normal human dermal fibrolast-neonatal (NHDF-neo) cells, as well as the antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, was investigated. 27341782 0 31 theme mat 137:139 arg1 activities 62:71 biological activities 51:71 biological activities of poly(ε-caprolactone)/chitosan-caffeic acid composite fibrous mat 51:139 Fabrication, characterization and determination of biological activities of poly(ε-caprolactone)/chitosan-caffeic acid composite fibrous mat for wound dressing application. 27341782 0 32 theme fibrous 129:135 arg1 mat 137:139 poly(ε-caprolactone)/chitosan-caffeic acid composite fibrous mat 76:139 poly(ε-caprolactone)/chitosan-caffeic acid composite fibrous mat 76:139 Fabrication, characterization and determination of biological activities of poly(ε-caprolactone)/chitosan-caffeic acid composite fibrous mat for wound dressing application. 27341782 2 33 theme PCL 438:440 arg1 diameters 425:433 The average fiber diameters 407:433 The average fiber diameters of PCL, PCL/CH, and PCL/CCA composite fibrous mats 407:484 The average fiber diameters of PCL, PCL/CH, and PCL/CCA composite fibrous mats were 1.30±1.07, 1.20±1.22, and 0.94±0.68μm, respectively. 27341782 2 33 theme PCL 438:440 arg1 1.30±1.07 491:499 1.30±1.07 491:499 1.30±1.07 491:499 The average fiber diameters of PCL, PCL/CH, and PCL/CCA composite fibrous mats were 1.30±1.07, 1.20±1.22, and 0.94±0.68μm, respectively. 27341782 3 34 theme PCL/CH 688:693 arg1 mat 703:705 PCL/CH fibrous mat 688:705 PCL/CH fibrous mat 688:705 Based on universal tensile machine (UTM) analysis, the PCL/CCA fibrous mat significantly increased tensile properties compared with the PCL and PCL/CH fibrous mat. 27341782 0 35 theme wound 145:149 arg1 application 160:170 wound dressing application 145:170 wound dressing application 145:170 Fabrication, characterization and determination of biological activities of poly(ε-caprolactone)/chitosan-caffeic acid composite fibrous mat for wound dressing application. 27341782 5 36 theme antimicrobial 1080:1092 arg1 effect 1094:1099 a high antimicrobial effect 1073:1099 a high antimicrobial effect 1073:1099 The PCL/CCA fibrous mat show significantly higher initial cell attachment and cell proliferation than the PCL and PCL/CH fibrous mat, and a high antimicrobial effect was observed compared to the PCL and PCL/CH fibrous mat. 27341782 6 37 theme PCL/CCA 1186:1192 arg1 biomaterial 1231:1241 candidate biomaterial 1221:1241 candidate biomaterial for wound dressing applications and skin tissue engineering 1221:1301 Based on these results, the PCL/CCA fibrous mat can be used as candidate biomaterial for wound dressing applications and skin tissue engineering. 27341782 6 37 theme PCL/CCA 1186:1192 arg1 mat 1202:1204 the PCL/CCA fibrous mat 1182:1204 the PCL/CCA fibrous mat 1182:1204 Based on these results, the PCL/CCA fibrous mat can be used as candidate biomaterial for wound dressing applications and skin tissue engineering. 27341782 4 38 theme antimicrobial 865:877 arg1 effect 879:884 the antimicrobial effect 861:884 the antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus 861:914 Additionally, initial cell attachment and cell proliferation of the composites using normal human dermal fibrolast-neonatal (NHDF-neo) cells, as well as the antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, was investigated. 27341782 5 39 theme higher 978:983 arg1 attachment 998:1007 significantly higher initial cell attachment 964:1007 significantly higher initial cell attachment 964:1007 The PCL/CCA fibrous mat show significantly higher initial cell attachment and cell proliferation than the PCL and PCL/CH fibrous mat, and a high antimicrobial effect was observed compared to the PCL and PCL/CH fibrous mat. 27341782 2 40 theme PCL/CCA 455:461 arg1 diameters 425:433 The average fiber diameters 407:433 The average fiber diameters of PCL, PCL/CH, and PCL/CCA composite fibrous mats 407:484 The average fiber diameters of PCL, PCL/CH, and PCL/CCA composite fibrous mats were 1.30±1.07, 1.20±1.22, and 0.94±0.68μm, respectively. 27341782 2 40 theme PCL/CCA 455:461 arg1 1.30±1.07 491:499 1.30±1.07 491:499 1.30±1.07 491:499 The average fiber diameters of PCL, PCL/CH, and PCL/CCA composite fibrous mats were 1.30±1.07, 1.20±1.22, and 0.94±0.68μm, respectively. 27341782 0 41 theme activities 62:71 arg1 characterization 13:28 characterization 13:28 characterization 13:28 Fabrication, characterization and determination of biological activities of poly(ε-caprolactone)/chitosan-caffeic acid composite fibrous mat for wound dressing application. 27341782 0 41 theme activities 62:71 arg1 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication, characterization and determination of biological activities of poly(ε-caprolactone)/chitosan-caffeic acid composite fibrous mat for wound dressing application. 27341782 0 41 theme activities 62:71 arg1 determination 34:46 determination 34:46 determination 34:46 Fabrication, characterization and determination of biological activities of poly(ε-caprolactone)/chitosan-caffeic acid composite fibrous mat for wound dressing application. 27341782 1 42 theme electrospinning 349:363 arg1 technique 365:373 an electrospinning technique 346:373 an electrospinning technique for wound dressing application 346:404 In the present study, we designed and fabricated composite fibrous mats consisting of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), chitosan (CH), or chitosan-caffeic acid conjugate (CCA) by an electrospinning technique for wound dressing application. 27341782 4 43 theme composites 776:785 arg1 attachment 735:744 initial cell attachment 722:744 initial cell attachment 722:744 Additionally, initial cell attachment and cell proliferation of the composites using normal human dermal fibrolast-neonatal (NHDF-neo) cells, as well as the antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, was investigated. 27341782 4 43 theme composites 776:785 arg1 proliferation 755:767 cell proliferation 750:767 cell proliferation 750:767 Additionally, initial cell attachment and cell proliferation of the composites using normal human dermal fibrolast-neonatal (NHDF-neo) cells, as well as the antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, was investigated. 27341782 4 44 theme human 800:804 arg1 cells 843:847 normal human dermal fibrolast-neonatal (NHDF-neo) cells 793:847 normal human dermal fibrolast-neonatal (NHDF-neo) cells 793:847 Additionally, initial cell attachment and cell proliferation of the composites using normal human dermal fibrolast-neonatal (NHDF-neo) cells, as well as the antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, was investigated. 27341782 0 45 theme biological 51:60 arg1 activities 62:71 biological activities 51:71 biological activities of poly(ε-caprolactone)/chitosan-caffeic acid composite fibrous mat 51:139 Fabrication, characterization and determination of biological activities of poly(ε-caprolactone)/chitosan-caffeic acid composite fibrous mat for wound dressing application. 27341782 0 46 theme dressing 151:158 arg1 application 160:170 wound dressing application 145:170 wound dressing application 145:170 Fabrication, characterization and determination of biological activities of poly(ε-caprolactone)/chitosan-caffeic acid composite fibrous mat for wound dressing application. 27341782 2 47 theme fiber 419:423 arg1 diameters 425:433 The average fiber diameters 407:433 The average fiber diameters of PCL, PCL/CH, and PCL/CCA composite fibrous mats 407:484 The average fiber diameters of PCL, PCL/CH, and PCL/CCA composite fibrous mats were 1.30±1.07, 1.20±1.22, and 0.94±0.68μm, respectively. 27341782 2 47 theme fiber 419:423 arg1 1.30±1.07 491:499 1.30±1.07 491:499 1.30±1.07 491:499 The average fiber diameters of PCL, PCL/CH, and PCL/CCA composite fibrous mats were 1.30±1.07, 1.20±1.22, and 0.94±0.68μm, respectively. 27341782 5 48 theme cell 993:996 arg1 attachment 998:1007 significantly higher initial cell attachment 964:1007 significantly higher initial cell attachment 964:1007 The PCL/CCA fibrous mat show significantly higher initial cell attachment and cell proliferation than the PCL and PCL/CH fibrous mat, and a high antimicrobial effect was observed compared to the PCL and PCL/CH fibrous mat. 27341782 3 49 dep PCL 680:682 arg1 the 676:678 the 676:678 the 676:678 Based on universal tensile machine (UTM) analysis, the PCL/CCA fibrous mat significantly increased tensile properties compared with the PCL and PCL/CH fibrous mat. 27341782 6 50 theme candidate 1221:1229 arg1 biomaterial 1231:1241 candidate biomaterial 1221:1241 candidate biomaterial for wound dressing applications and skin tissue engineering 1221:1301 Based on these results, the PCL/CCA fibrous mat can be used as candidate biomaterial for wound dressing applications and skin tissue engineering. 27341782 6 50 theme candidate 1221:1229 arg1 mat 1202:1204 the PCL/CCA fibrous mat 1182:1204 the PCL/CCA fibrous mat 1182:1204 Based on these results, the PCL/CCA fibrous mat can be used as candidate biomaterial for wound dressing applications and skin tissue engineering. 27341782 5 51 theme PCL/CCA 939:945 arg1 mat 955:957 The PCL/CCA fibrous mat 935:957 The PCL/CCA fibrous mat 935:957 The PCL/CCA fibrous mat show significantly higher initial cell attachment and cell proliferation than the PCL and PCL/CH fibrous mat, and a high antimicrobial effect was observed compared to the PCL and PCL/CH fibrous mat. 27341782 3 52 theme machine 571:577 arg1 analysis 585:592 universal tensile machine (UTM) analysis 553:592 universal tensile machine (UTM) analysis 553:592 Based on universal tensile machine (UTM) analysis, the PCL/CCA fibrous mat significantly increased tensile properties compared with the PCL and PCL/CH fibrous mat. 27341782 6 53 theme wound 1247:1251 arg1 applications 1262:1273 wound dressing applications 1247:1273 wound dressing applications 1247:1273 Based on these results, the PCL/CCA fibrous mat can be used as candidate biomaterial for wound dressing applications and skin tissue engineering. 27341782 1 54 theme composite 222:230 arg1 mats 240:243 composite fibrous mats 222:243 composite fibrous mats consisting of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), chitosan (CH), or chitosan-caffeic acid conjugate (CCA) 222:341 In the present study, we designed and fabricated composite fibrous mats consisting of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), chitosan (CH), or chitosan-caffeic acid conjugate (CCA) by an electrospinning technique for wound dressing application. 27341782 1 55 theme wound 379:383 arg1 application 394:404 wound dressing application 379:404 wound dressing application 379:404 In the present study, we designed and fabricated composite fibrous mats consisting of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), chitosan (CH), or chitosan-caffeic acid conjugate (CCA) by an electrospinning technique for wound dressing application. 27341782 4 56 theme cell 730:733 arg1 attachment 735:744 initial cell attachment 722:744 initial cell attachment 722:744 Additionally, initial cell attachment and cell proliferation of the composites using normal human dermal fibrolast-neonatal (NHDF-neo) cells, as well as the antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, was investigated. 27341782 5 57 theme cell 1013:1016 arg1 proliferation 1018:1030 cell proliferation 1013:1030 cell proliferation 1013:1030 The PCL/CCA fibrous mat show significantly higher initial cell attachment and cell proliferation than the PCL and PCL/CH fibrous mat, and a high antimicrobial effect was observed compared to the PCL and PCL/CH fibrous mat. 27341782 1 58 theme fibrous 232:238 arg1 mats 240:243 composite fibrous mats 222:243 composite fibrous mats consisting of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), chitosan (CH), or chitosan-caffeic acid conjugate (CCA) 222:341 In the present study, we designed and fabricated composite fibrous mats consisting of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), chitosan (CH), or chitosan-caffeic acid conjugate (CCA) by an electrospinning technique for wound dressing application. 27341782 2 59 theme composite 463:471 arg1 mats 481:484 composite fibrous mats 463:484 composite fibrous mats 463:484 The average fiber diameters of PCL, PCL/CH, and PCL/CCA composite fibrous mats were 1.30±1.07, 1.20±1.22, and 0.94±0.68μm, respectively. 27341782 1 60 theme dressing 385:392 arg1 application 394:404 wound dressing application 379:404 wound dressing application 379:404 In the present study, we designed and fabricated composite fibrous mats consisting of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), chitosan (CH), or chitosan-caffeic acid conjugate (CCA) by an electrospinning technique for wound dressing application. 27341782 3 61 theme universal 553:561 arg1 UTM 580:582 UTM 580:582 UTM 580:582 Based on universal tensile machine (UTM) analysis, the PCL/CCA fibrous mat significantly increased tensile properties compared with the PCL and PCL/CH fibrous mat. 27341782 3 61 theme universal 553:561 arg1 machine 571:577 universal tensile machine 553:577 universal tensile machine (UTM) analysis 553:592 Based on universal tensile machine (UTM) analysis, the PCL/CCA fibrous mat significantly increased tensile properties compared with the PCL and PCL/CH fibrous mat. 27341782 3 62 theme tensile 643:649 arg1 properties 651:660 tensile properties 643:660 tensile properties 643:660 Based on universal tensile machine (UTM) analysis, the PCL/CCA fibrous mat significantly increased tensile properties compared with the PCL and PCL/CH fibrous mat. 27341782 3 63 theme tensile 563:569 arg1 UTM 580:582 UTM 580:582 UTM 580:582 Based on universal tensile machine (UTM) analysis, the PCL/CCA fibrous mat significantly increased tensile properties compared with the PCL and PCL/CH fibrous mat. 27341782 3 63 theme tensile 563:569 arg1 machine 571:577 universal tensile machine 553:577 universal tensile machine (UTM) analysis 553:592 Based on universal tensile machine (UTM) analysis, the PCL/CCA fibrous mat significantly increased tensile properties compared with the PCL and PCL/CH fibrous mat. 27341782 5 64 dep PCL 1041:1043 arg1 the 1037:1039 the 1037:1039 the 1037:1039 The PCL/CCA fibrous mat show significantly higher initial cell attachment and cell proliferation than the PCL and PCL/CH fibrous mat, and a high antimicrobial effect was observed compared to the PCL and PCL/CH fibrous mat. 27612738 4 0 theme IPN 511:513 arg1 system 515:520 IPN system 511:520 IPN system 511:520 IPN system was capable of entrapping about 96% of the drug fed. 27612738 5 1 theme HCl 633:635 arg1 solution 637:644 HCl solution 633:644 HCl solution (pH1.2) 633:652 CTG in IPN structures suppressed the drug release rate in HCl solution (pH1.2); however extended the same in phosphate buffer solution (pH6.8). 27612738 5 1 theme HCl 633:635 arg1 pH1.2 647:651 pH1.2 647:651 pH1.2 647:651 CTG in IPN structures suppressed the drug release rate in HCl solution (pH1.2); however extended the same in phosphate buffer solution (pH6.8). 27612738 5 2 theme IPN 582:584 arg1 structures 586:595 IPN structures 582:595 IPN structures 582:595 CTG in IPN structures suppressed the drug release rate in HCl solution (pH1.2); however extended the same in phosphate buffer solution (pH6.8). 27612738 4 3 theme fed 570:572 arg1 fed 570:572 the drug fed 561:572 the drug fed 561:572 IPN system was capable of entrapping about 96% of the drug fed. 27612738 4 3 theme fed 570:572 arg1 % 556:556 about 96% 548:556 about 96% of the drug fed 548:572 IPN system was capable of entrapping about 96% of the drug fed. 27612738 5 4 theme buffer 694:699 arg1 pH6.8 711:715 pH6.8 711:715 pH6.8 711:715 CTG in IPN structures suppressed the drug release rate in HCl solution (pH1.2); however extended the same in phosphate buffer solution (pH6.8). 27612738 5 4 theme buffer 694:699 arg1 solution 701:708 phosphate buffer solution 684:708 phosphate buffer solution (pH6.8) 684:716 CTG in IPN structures suppressed the drug release rate in HCl solution (pH1.2); however extended the same in phosphate buffer solution (pH6.8). 27612738 7 5 theme drug-loaded 853:863 arg1 biocomposites 865:877 drug-loaded biocomposites 853:877 drug-loaded biocomposites 853:877 The anti-inflammatory activity of drug-loaded biocomposites lasted over 7h in albino rats, thus suggesting their potential as an anti-inflammatory therapeutics. 27612738 6 6 theme chain 762:766 arg1 relaxation/swelling 768:786 polymer chain relaxation/swelling 754:786 polymer chain relaxation/swelling 754:786 The drug release was controlled by polymer chain relaxation/swelling and simple diffusion in vitro. 27612738 7 7 theme anti-inflammatory 823:839 arg1 activity 841:848 The anti-inflammatory activity 819:848 The anti-inflammatory activity of drug-loaded biocomposites 819:877 The anti-inflammatory activity of drug-loaded biocomposites lasted over 7h in albino rats, thus suggesting their potential as an anti-inflammatory therapeutics. 27612738 5 8 theme drug 612:615 arg1 rate 625:628 the drug release rate 608:628 the drug release rate 608:628 CTG in IPN structures suppressed the drug release rate in HCl solution (pH1.2); however extended the same in phosphate buffer solution (pH6.8). 27612738 6 9 theme polymer 754:760 arg1 relaxation/swelling 768:786 polymer chain relaxation/swelling 754:786 polymer chain relaxation/swelling 754:786 The drug release was controlled by polymer chain relaxation/swelling and simple diffusion in vitro. 27612738 2 10 theme Infrared 286:293 arg1 spectra 295:301 Infrared spectra 286:301 Infrared spectra 286:301 Infrared spectra, thermal and X-ray data supported that drug and polymer was compatible in the composite hydrogels. 27612738 5 11 theme release 617:623 arg1 rate 625:628 the drug release rate 608:628 the drug release rate 608:628 CTG in IPN structures suppressed the drug release rate in HCl solution (pH1.2); however extended the same in phosphate buffer solution (pH6.8). 27612738 3 12 theme field 457:461 arg1 FE-SEM 502:507 FE-SEM 502:507 FE-SEM 502:507 Irregularly shaped IPN microstructures were seen under field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). 27612738 3 12 theme field 457:461 arg1 microscope 490:499 field emission scanning electron microscope 457:499 field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) 457:508 Irregularly shaped IPN microstructures were seen under field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). 27612738 0 13 theme tamarind 22:29 arg1 biocomposites 35:47 Gelatin-carboxymethyl tamarind gum biocomposites 0:47 Gelatin-carboxymethyl tamarind gum biocomposites: In vitro characterization 0:74 Gelatin-carboxymethyl tamarind gum biocomposites: In vitro characterization & anti-inflammatory pharmacodynamics. 27612738 2 14 theme composite 381:389 arg1 hydrogels 391:399 the composite hydrogels 377:399 the composite hydrogels 377:399 Infrared spectra, thermal and X-ray data supported that drug and polymer was compatible in the composite hydrogels. 27612738 0 15 theme Gelatin-carboxymethyl 0:20 arg1 biocomposites 35:47 Gelatin-carboxymethyl tamarind gum biocomposites 0:47 Gelatin-carboxymethyl tamarind gum biocomposites: In vitro characterization 0:74 Gelatin-carboxymethyl tamarind gum biocomposites: In vitro characterization & anti-inflammatory pharmacodynamics. 27612738 2 16 theme X-ray 316:320 arg1 data 322:325 X-ray data 316:325 X-ray data 316:325 Infrared spectra, thermal and X-ray data supported that drug and polymer was compatible in the composite hydrogels. 27612738 2 17 from compatible 363:372 arg1 hydrogels 391:399 the composite hydrogels 377:399 the composite hydrogels 377:399 Infrared spectra, thermal and X-ray data supported that drug and polymer was compatible in the composite hydrogels. 27612738 3 18 theme electron 481:488 arg1 FE-SEM 502:507 FE-SEM 502:507 FE-SEM 502:507 Irregularly shaped IPN microstructures were seen under field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). 27612738 3 18 theme electron 481:488 arg1 microscope 490:499 field emission scanning electron microscope 457:499 field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) 457:508 Irregularly shaped IPN microstructures were seen under field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). 27612738 0 19 theme gum 31:33 arg1 biocomposites 35:47 Gelatin-carboxymethyl tamarind gum biocomposites 0:47 Gelatin-carboxymethyl tamarind gum biocomposites: In vitro characterization 0:74 Gelatin-carboxymethyl tamarind gum biocomposites: In vitro characterization & anti-inflammatory pharmacodynamics. 27612738 4 20 theme drug 565:568 arg1 fed 570:572 the drug fed 561:572 the drug fed 561:572 IPN system was capable of entrapping about 96% of the drug fed. 27612738 3 21 theme IPN 421:423 arg1 microstructures 425:439 Irregularly shaped IPN microstructures 402:439 Irregularly shaped IPN microstructures 402:439 Irregularly shaped IPN microstructures were seen under field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). 27612738 1 22 from network 270:276 arg1 delivery 218:225 the delivery 214:225 the delivery of aceclofenac from their interpenetrating network (IPNs) 214:283 In this study, gelatin and carboxymethyl tamarind gum (CTG) were chemically cross-linked to control the delivery of aceclofenac from their interpenetrating network (IPNs). 27612738 3 23 theme emission 463:470 arg1 FE-SEM 502:507 FE-SEM 502:507 FE-SEM 502:507 Irregularly shaped IPN microstructures were seen under field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). 27612738 3 23 theme emission 463:470 arg1 microscope 490:499 field emission scanning electron microscope 457:499 field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) 457:508 Irregularly shaped IPN microstructures were seen under field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). 27612738 5 24 theme phosphate 684:692 arg1 pH6.8 711:715 pH6.8 711:715 pH6.8 711:715 CTG in IPN structures suppressed the drug release rate in HCl solution (pH1.2); however extended the same in phosphate buffer solution (pH6.8). 27612738 5 24 theme phosphate 684:692 arg1 solution 701:708 phosphate buffer solution 684:708 phosphate buffer solution (pH6.8) 684:716 CTG in IPN structures suppressed the drug release rate in HCl solution (pH1.2); however extended the same in phosphate buffer solution (pH6.8). 27612738 6 25 theme drug 723:726 arg1 release 728:734 The drug release 719:734 The drug release 719:734 The drug release was controlled by polymer chain relaxation/swelling and simple diffusion in vitro. 27612738 3 26 theme scanning 472:479 arg1 FE-SEM 502:507 FE-SEM 502:507 FE-SEM 502:507 Irregularly shaped IPN microstructures were seen under field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). 27612738 3 26 theme scanning 472:479 arg1 microscope 490:499 field emission scanning electron microscope 457:499 field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) 457:508 Irregularly shaped IPN microstructures were seen under field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). 27612738 1 27 attach cross-linked 190:201 arg3 study 122:126 this study 117:126 this study 117:126 In this study, gelatin and carboxymethyl tamarind gum (CTG) were chemically cross-linked to control the delivery of aceclofenac from their interpenetrating network (IPNs). 27612738 5 28 from CTG 575:577 arg1 structures 586:595 IPN structures 582:595 IPN structures 582:595 CTG in IPN structures suppressed the drug release rate in HCl solution (pH1.2); however extended the same in phosphate buffer solution (pH6.8). 27612738 3 29 theme shaped 414:419 arg1 microstructures 425:439 Irregularly shaped IPN microstructures 402:439 Irregularly shaped IPN microstructures 402:439 Irregularly shaped IPN microstructures were seen under field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). 27612738 0 30 dep biocomposites 35:47 arg1 characterization 59:74 characterization 59:74 Gelatin-carboxymethyl tamarind gum biocomposites: In vitro characterization 0:74 Gelatin-carboxymethyl tamarind gum biocomposites: In vitro characterization & anti-inflammatory pharmacodynamics. 27612738 2 31 from hydrogels 391:399 arg1 compatible 363:372 compatible 363:372 compatible 363:372 Infrared spectra, thermal and X-ray data supported that drug and polymer was compatible in the composite hydrogels. 27612738 1 32 theme carboxymethyl 141:153 arg1 CTG 169:171 CTG 169:171 CTG 169:171 In this study, gelatin and carboxymethyl tamarind gum (CTG) were chemically cross-linked to control the delivery of aceclofenac from their interpenetrating network (IPNs). 27612738 1 32 theme carboxymethyl 141:153 arg1 gum 164:166 carboxymethyl tamarind gum 141:166 carboxymethyl tamarind gum (CTG) 141:172 In this study, gelatin and carboxymethyl tamarind gum (CTG) were chemically cross-linked to control the delivery of aceclofenac from their interpenetrating network (IPNs). 27612738 7 33 theme albino 897:902 arg1 rats 904:907 albino rats 897:907 albino rats 897:907 The anti-inflammatory activity of drug-loaded biocomposites lasted over 7h in albino rats, thus suggesting their potential as an anti-inflammatory therapeutics. 27612738 1 34 theme aceclofenac 230:240 arg1 delivery 218:225 the delivery 214:225 the delivery of aceclofenac from their interpenetrating network (IPNs) 214:283 In this study, gelatin and carboxymethyl tamarind gum (CTG) were chemically cross-linked to control the delivery of aceclofenac from their interpenetrating network (IPNs). 27612738 1 35 theme tamarind 155:162 arg1 CTG 169:171 CTG 169:171 CTG 169:171 In this study, gelatin and carboxymethyl tamarind gum (CTG) were chemically cross-linked to control the delivery of aceclofenac from their interpenetrating network (IPNs). 27612738 1 35 theme tamarind 155:162 arg1 gum 164:166 carboxymethyl tamarind gum 141:166 carboxymethyl tamarind gum (CTG) 141:172 In this study, gelatin and carboxymethyl tamarind gum (CTG) were chemically cross-linked to control the delivery of aceclofenac from their interpenetrating network (IPNs). 27612738 0 36 theme anti-inflammatory 78:94 arg1 pharmacodynamics 96:111 anti-inflammatory pharmacodynamics 78:111 anti-inflammatory pharmacodynamics 78:111 Gelatin-carboxymethyl tamarind gum biocomposites: In vitro characterization & anti-inflammatory pharmacodynamics. 27612738 6 37 theme simple 792:797 arg1 diffusion 799:807 simple diffusion 792:807 simple diffusion 792:807 The drug release was controlled by polymer chain relaxation/swelling and simple diffusion in vitro. 27612738 7 38 theme anti-inflammatory 948:964 arg1 therapeutics 966:977 an anti-inflammatory therapeutics 945:977 an anti-inflammatory therapeutics 945:977 The anti-inflammatory activity of drug-loaded biocomposites lasted over 7h in albino rats, thus suggesting their potential as an anti-inflammatory therapeutics. 27612738 7 39 theme biocomposites 865:877 arg1 activity 841:848 The anti-inflammatory activity 819:848 The anti-inflammatory activity of drug-loaded biocomposites 819:877 The anti-inflammatory activity of drug-loaded biocomposites lasted over 7h in albino rats, thus suggesting their potential as an anti-inflammatory therapeutics. 27612738 1 40 theme interpenetrating 253:268 arg1 IPNs 279:282 IPNs 279:282 IPNs 279:282 In this study, gelatin and carboxymethyl tamarind gum (CTG) were chemically cross-linked to control the delivery of aceclofenac from their interpenetrating network (IPNs). 27612738 1 40 theme interpenetrating 253:268 arg1 network 270:276 their interpenetrating network 247:276 their interpenetrating network (IPNs) 247:283 In this study, gelatin and carboxymethyl tamarind gum (CTG) were chemically cross-linked to control the delivery of aceclofenac from their interpenetrating network (IPNs). 28576069 0 0 theme composition 72:82 arg1 Effect 62:67 Effect 62:67 Starch, cellulose acetate and polyester biodegradable sheets: Effect of composition and processing conditions. 0:109 Starch, cellulose acetate and polyester biodegradable sheets: Effect of composition and processing conditions. 28576069 5 1 theme eco-friendly 1293:1304 arg1 them 1260:1263 them 1260:1263 them 1260:1263 TPS/PCA biodegradable sheets presented suitable processability and handleability characteristics that allow them to be considered as a novel eco-friendly, economically feasible alternative to conventional plastic materials. 28576069 5 1 theme eco-friendly 1293:1304 arg1 alternative 1329:1339 a novel eco-friendly, economically feasible alternative 1285:1339 a novel eco-friendly, economically feasible alternative to conventional plastic materials 1285:1373 TPS/PCA biodegradable sheets presented suitable processability and handleability characteristics that allow them to be considered as a novel eco-friendly, economically feasible alternative to conventional plastic materials. 28576069 2 2 theme thermoplastic 387:399 arg1 TPS/PCA 439:445 TPS/PCA 439:445 TPS/PCA 439:445 This study aimed to manufacture novel, commercially feasible, biodegradable sheets by flat die extrusion-calendering process produced with thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate (TPS/PCA) and thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (TPS/PCA/PBAT) blends, and to investigate the effects of composition and processing conditions, morphological characteristics, and thermal properties. 28576069 2 2 theme thermoplastic 387:399 arg1 acetate 430:436 thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate 387:436 thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate (TPS/PCA) 387:446 This study aimed to manufacture novel, commercially feasible, biodegradable sheets by flat die extrusion-calendering process produced with thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate (TPS/PCA) and thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (TPS/PCA/PBAT) blends, and to investigate the effects of composition and processing conditions, morphological characteristics, and thermal properties. 28576069 4 3 dep characteristics 866:880 arg1 The 848:850 The 848:850 The 848:850 The morphological characteristics and thermal properties of the sheets demonstrated the good compatibility between TPS and PCA in TPS/PCA blends, mainly at higher processing temperatures, whereas TPS/PCA/PBAT sheets present a heterogeneous structure due to the poor compatibility between the components. 28576069 4 4 theme TPS/PCA/PBAT 1044:1055 arg1 sheets 1057:1062 TPS/PCA/PBAT sheets 1044:1062 TPS/PCA/PBAT sheets 1044:1062 The morphological characteristics and thermal properties of the sheets demonstrated the good compatibility between TPS and PCA in TPS/PCA blends, mainly at higher processing temperatures, whereas TPS/PCA/PBAT sheets present a heterogeneous structure due to the poor compatibility between the components. 28576069 5 5 theme handleability 1219:1231 arg1 characteristics 1233:1247 suitable processability and handleability characteristics 1191:1247 suitable processability and handleability characteristics that allow them to be considered as a novel eco-friendly, economically feasible alternative to conventional plastic materials 1191:1373 TPS/PCA biodegradable sheets presented suitable processability and handleability characteristics that allow them to be considered as a novel eco-friendly, economically feasible alternative to conventional plastic materials. 28576069 1 6 theme natural 167:173 arg1 resources 175:183 natural resources 167:183 natural resources 167:183 The production of biodegradable plastic materials using natural resources has aroused increased attention due to environmental concerns. 28576069 4 7 theme morphological 852:864 arg1 characteristics 866:880 morphological characteristics 852:880 morphological characteristics 852:880 The morphological characteristics and thermal properties of the sheets demonstrated the good compatibility between TPS and PCA in TPS/PCA blends, mainly at higher processing temperatures, whereas TPS/PCA/PBAT sheets present a heterogeneous structure due to the poor compatibility between the components. 28576069 0 8 theme processing 88:97 arg1 Effect 62:67 Effect 62:67 Starch, cellulose acetate and polyester biodegradable sheets: Effect of composition and processing conditions. 0:109 Starch, cellulose acetate and polyester biodegradable sheets: Effect of composition and processing conditions. 28576069 2 9 dep acetate 430:436 arg1 blends 559:564 blends 559:564 blends 559:564 This study aimed to manufacture novel, commercially feasible, biodegradable sheets by flat die extrusion-calendering process produced with thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate (TPS/PCA) and thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (TPS/PCA/PBAT) blends, and to investigate the effects of composition and processing conditions, morphological characteristics, and thermal properties. 28576069 2 10 theme thermal 675:681 arg1 properties 683:692 thermal properties 675:692 thermal properties 675:692 This study aimed to manufacture novel, commercially feasible, biodegradable sheets by flat die extrusion-calendering process produced with thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate (TPS/PCA) and thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (TPS/PCA/PBAT) blends, and to investigate the effects of composition and processing conditions, morphological characteristics, and thermal properties. 28576069 2 11 dep composition 601:611 arg1 conditions 628:637 conditions 628:637 conditions 628:637 This study aimed to manufacture novel, commercially feasible, biodegradable sheets by flat die extrusion-calendering process produced with thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate (TPS/PCA) and thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (TPS/PCA/PBAT) blends, and to investigate the effects of composition and processing conditions, morphological characteristics, and thermal properties. 28576069 4 12 theme thermal 886:892 arg1 properties 894:903 thermal properties 886:903 thermal properties 886:903 The morphological characteristics and thermal properties of the sheets demonstrated the good compatibility between TPS and PCA in TPS/PCA blends, mainly at higher processing temperatures, whereas TPS/PCA/PBAT sheets present a heterogeneous structure due to the poor compatibility between the components. 28576069 2 13 theme starch/plasticized 466:483 arg1 acetate/poly 495:506 thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate/poly 452:506 thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (TPS/PCA/PBAT) 452:557 This study aimed to manufacture novel, commercially feasible, biodegradable sheets by flat die extrusion-calendering process produced with thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate (TPS/PCA) and thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (TPS/PCA/PBAT) blends, and to investigate the effects of composition and processing conditions, morphological characteristics, and thermal properties. 28576069 2 13 theme starch/plasticized 466:483 arg1 adipate-co-terephthalate 518:541 butylene adipate-co-terephthalate 509:541 butylene adipate-co-terephthalate 509:541 This study aimed to manufacture novel, commercially feasible, biodegradable sheets by flat die extrusion-calendering process produced with thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate (TPS/PCA) and thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (TPS/PCA/PBAT) blends, and to investigate the effects of composition and processing conditions, morphological characteristics, and thermal properties. 28576069 2 13 theme starch/plasticized 466:483 arg1 TPS/PCA/PBAT 545:556 TPS/PCA/PBAT 545:556 TPS/PCA/PBAT 545:556 This study aimed to manufacture novel, commercially feasible, biodegradable sheets by flat die extrusion-calendering process produced with thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate (TPS/PCA) and thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (TPS/PCA/PBAT) blends, and to investigate the effects of composition and processing conditions, morphological characteristics, and thermal properties. 28576069 4 14 dep demonstrated 919:930 arg1 whereas 1036:1042 whereas 1036:1042 whereas 1036:1042 The morphological characteristics and thermal properties of the sheets demonstrated the good compatibility between TPS and PCA in TPS/PCA blends, mainly at higher processing temperatures, whereas TPS/PCA/PBAT sheets present a heterogeneous structure due to the poor compatibility between the components. 28576069 4 15 theme due 1098:1100 arg1 structure 1088:1096 a heterogeneous structure 1072:1096 a heterogeneous structure due to the poor compatibility between the components 1072:1149 The morphological characteristics and thermal properties of the sheets demonstrated the good compatibility between TPS and PCA in TPS/PCA blends, mainly at higher processing temperatures, whereas TPS/PCA/PBAT sheets present a heterogeneous structure due to the poor compatibility between the components. 28576069 0 16 theme Starch 0:5 arg1 sheets 54:59 Starch, cellulose acetate and polyester biodegradable sheets 0:59 Starch, cellulose acetate and polyester biodegradable sheets: Effect of composition and processing conditions. 0:109 Starch, cellulose acetate and polyester biodegradable sheets: Effect of composition and processing conditions. 28576069 4 17 theme sheets 912:917 arg1 characteristics 866:880 morphological characteristics 852:880 morphological characteristics 852:880 The morphological characteristics and thermal properties of the sheets demonstrated the good compatibility between TPS and PCA in TPS/PCA blends, mainly at higher processing temperatures, whereas TPS/PCA/PBAT sheets present a heterogeneous structure due to the poor compatibility between the components. 28576069 4 17 theme sheets 912:917 arg1 properties 894:903 thermal properties 886:903 thermal properties 886:903 The morphological characteristics and thermal properties of the sheets demonstrated the good compatibility between TPS and PCA in TPS/PCA blends, mainly at higher processing temperatures, whereas TPS/PCA/PBAT sheets present a heterogeneous structure due to the poor compatibility between the components. 28576069 5 18 dep eco-friendly 1293:1304 arg1 feasible 1320:1327 feasible 1320:1327 feasible 1320:1327 TPS/PCA biodegradable sheets presented suitable processability and handleability characteristics that allow them to be considered as a novel eco-friendly, economically feasible alternative to conventional plastic materials. 28576069 0 19 dep composition 72:82 arg1 conditions 99:108 conditions 99:108 conditions 99:108 Starch, cellulose acetate and polyester biodegradable sheets: Effect of composition and processing conditions. 28576069 2 20 dep novel 280:284 arg1 feasible 300:307 feasible 300:307 feasible 300:307 This study aimed to manufacture novel, commercially feasible, biodegradable sheets by flat die extrusion-calendering process produced with thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate (TPS/PCA) and thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (TPS/PCA/PBAT) blends, and to investigate the effects of composition and processing conditions, morphological characteristics, and thermal properties. 28576069 2 20 dep novel 280:284 arg1 biodegradable 310:322 biodegradable 310:322 biodegradable 310:322 This study aimed to manufacture novel, commercially feasible, biodegradable sheets by flat die extrusion-calendering process produced with thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate (TPS/PCA) and thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (TPS/PCA/PBAT) blends, and to investigate the effects of composition and processing conditions, morphological characteristics, and thermal properties. 28576069 2 21 theme butylene 509:516 arg1 acetate/poly 495:506 thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate/poly 452:506 thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (TPS/PCA/PBAT) 452:557 This study aimed to manufacture novel, commercially feasible, biodegradable sheets by flat die extrusion-calendering process produced with thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate (TPS/PCA) and thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (TPS/PCA/PBAT) blends, and to investigate the effects of composition and processing conditions, morphological characteristics, and thermal properties. 28576069 2 21 theme butylene 509:516 arg1 adipate-co-terephthalate 518:541 butylene adipate-co-terephthalate 509:541 butylene adipate-co-terephthalate 509:541 This study aimed to manufacture novel, commercially feasible, biodegradable sheets by flat die extrusion-calendering process produced with thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate (TPS/PCA) and thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (TPS/PCA/PBAT) blends, and to investigate the effects of composition and processing conditions, morphological characteristics, and thermal properties. 28576069 5 22 theme plastic 1357:1363 arg1 materials 1365:1373 conventional plastic materials 1344:1373 conventional plastic materials 1344:1373 TPS/PCA biodegradable sheets presented suitable processability and handleability characteristics that allow them to be considered as a novel eco-friendly, economically feasible alternative to conventional plastic materials. 28576069 4 23 theme TPS/PCA 978:984 arg1 blends 986:991 TPS/PCA blends 978:991 TPS/PCA blends 978:991 The morphological characteristics and thermal properties of the sheets demonstrated the good compatibility between TPS and PCA in TPS/PCA blends, mainly at higher processing temperatures, whereas TPS/PCA/PBAT sheets present a heterogeneous structure due to the poor compatibility between the components. 28576069 1 24 theme increased 197:205 arg1 attention 207:215 increased attention 197:215 increased attention due to environmental concerns 197:245 The production of biodegradable plastic materials using natural resources has aroused increased attention due to environmental concerns. 28576069 0 25 theme acetate 18:24 arg1 sheets 54:59 Starch, cellulose acetate and polyester biodegradable sheets 0:59 Starch, cellulose acetate and polyester biodegradable sheets: Effect of composition and processing conditions. 0:109 Starch, cellulose acetate and polyester biodegradable sheets: Effect of composition and processing conditions. 28576069 2 26 theme starch/plasticized 401:418 arg1 TPS/PCA 439:445 TPS/PCA 439:445 TPS/PCA 439:445 This study aimed to manufacture novel, commercially feasible, biodegradable sheets by flat die extrusion-calendering process produced with thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate (TPS/PCA) and thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (TPS/PCA/PBAT) blends, and to investigate the effects of composition and processing conditions, morphological characteristics, and thermal properties. 28576069 2 26 theme starch/plasticized 401:418 arg1 acetate 430:436 thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate 387:436 thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate (TPS/PCA) 387:446 This study aimed to manufacture novel, commercially feasible, biodegradable sheets by flat die extrusion-calendering process produced with thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate (TPS/PCA) and thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (TPS/PCA/PBAT) blends, and to investigate the effects of composition and processing conditions, morphological characteristics, and thermal properties. 28576069 5 27 theme biodegradable 1160:1172 arg1 sheets 1174:1179 TPS/PCA biodegradable sheets 1152:1179 TPS/PCA biodegradable sheets 1152:1179 TPS/PCA biodegradable sheets presented suitable processability and handleability characteristics that allow them to be considered as a novel eco-friendly, economically feasible alternative to conventional plastic materials. 28576069 2 28 theme cellulose 485:493 arg1 acetate/poly 495:506 thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate/poly 452:506 thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (TPS/PCA/PBAT) 452:557 This study aimed to manufacture novel, commercially feasible, biodegradable sheets by flat die extrusion-calendering process produced with thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate (TPS/PCA) and thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (TPS/PCA/PBAT) blends, and to investigate the effects of composition and processing conditions, morphological characteristics, and thermal properties. 28576069 2 28 theme cellulose 485:493 arg1 adipate-co-terephthalate 518:541 butylene adipate-co-terephthalate 509:541 butylene adipate-co-terephthalate 509:541 This study aimed to manufacture novel, commercially feasible, biodegradable sheets by flat die extrusion-calendering process produced with thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate (TPS/PCA) and thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (TPS/PCA/PBAT) blends, and to investigate the effects of composition and processing conditions, morphological characteristics, and thermal properties. 28576069 2 28 theme cellulose 485:493 arg1 TPS/PCA/PBAT 545:556 TPS/PCA/PBAT 545:556 TPS/PCA/PBAT 545:556 This study aimed to manufacture novel, commercially feasible, biodegradable sheets by flat die extrusion-calendering process produced with thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate (TPS/PCA) and thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (TPS/PCA/PBAT) blends, and to investigate the effects of composition and processing conditions, morphological characteristics, and thermal properties. 28576069 0 29 theme cellulose 8:16 arg1 acetate 18:24 cellulose acetate 8:24 cellulose acetate 8:24 Starch, cellulose acetate and polyester biodegradable sheets: Effect of composition and processing conditions. 28576069 2 30 theme processing 617:626 arg1 properties 683:692 thermal properties 675:692 thermal properties 675:692 This study aimed to manufacture novel, commercially feasible, biodegradable sheets by flat die extrusion-calendering process produced with thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate (TPS/PCA) and thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (TPS/PCA/PBAT) blends, and to investigate the effects of composition and processing conditions, morphological characteristics, and thermal properties. 28576069 2 30 theme processing 617:626 arg1 characteristics 654:668 morphological characteristics 640:668 morphological characteristics 640:668 This study aimed to manufacture novel, commercially feasible, biodegradable sheets by flat die extrusion-calendering process produced with thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate (TPS/PCA) and thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (TPS/PCA/PBAT) blends, and to investigate the effects of composition and processing conditions, morphological characteristics, and thermal properties. 28576069 2 30 theme processing 617:626 arg1 effects 590:596 the effects 586:596 the effects of composition and processing conditions 586:637 This study aimed to manufacture novel, commercially feasible, biodegradable sheets by flat die extrusion-calendering process produced with thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate (TPS/PCA) and thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (TPS/PCA/PBAT) blends, and to investigate the effects of composition and processing conditions, morphological characteristics, and thermal properties. 28576069 3 31 theme TPS/PCA/PBAT 731:742 arg1 sheets 758:763 TPS/PCA/PBAT biodegradable sheets 731:763 TPS/PCA/PBAT biodegradable sheets 731:763 The results showed that TPS/PCA and TPS/PCA/PBAT biodegradable sheets properties were highly dependent upon both composition and processing temperature. 28576069 1 32 theme due 217:219 arg1 attention 207:215 increased attention 197:215 increased attention due to environmental concerns 197:245 The production of biodegradable plastic materials using natural resources has aroused increased attention due to environmental concerns. 28576069 0 33 theme polyester 30:38 arg1 biodegradable 40:52 polyester biodegradable 30:52 polyester biodegradable 30:52 Starch, cellulose acetate and polyester biodegradable sheets: Effect of composition and processing conditions. 28576069 3 34 dep composition 808:818 arg1 temperature 835:845 temperature 835:845 temperature 835:845 The results showed that TPS/PCA and TPS/PCA/PBAT biodegradable sheets properties were highly dependent upon both composition and processing temperature. 28576069 3 35 theme biodegradable 744:756 arg1 sheets 758:763 TPS/PCA/PBAT biodegradable sheets 731:763 TPS/PCA/PBAT biodegradable sheets 731:763 The results showed that TPS/PCA and TPS/PCA/PBAT biodegradable sheets properties were highly dependent upon both composition and processing temperature. 28576069 0 36 dep sheets 54:59 arg1 Effect 62:67 Effect 62:67 Starch, cellulose acetate and polyester biodegradable sheets: Effect of composition and processing conditions. 0:109 Starch, cellulose acetate and polyester biodegradable sheets: Effect of composition and processing conditions. 28576069 2 37 theme thermoplastic 452:464 arg1 acetate/poly 495:506 thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate/poly 452:506 thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (TPS/PCA/PBAT) 452:557 This study aimed to manufacture novel, commercially feasible, biodegradable sheets by flat die extrusion-calendering process produced with thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate (TPS/PCA) and thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (TPS/PCA/PBAT) blends, and to investigate the effects of composition and processing conditions, morphological characteristics, and thermal properties. 28576069 2 37 theme thermoplastic 452:464 arg1 adipate-co-terephthalate 518:541 butylene adipate-co-terephthalate 509:541 butylene adipate-co-terephthalate 509:541 This study aimed to manufacture novel, commercially feasible, biodegradable sheets by flat die extrusion-calendering process produced with thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate (TPS/PCA) and thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (TPS/PCA/PBAT) blends, and to investigate the effects of composition and processing conditions, morphological characteristics, and thermal properties. 28576069 2 37 theme thermoplastic 452:464 arg1 TPS/PCA/PBAT 545:556 TPS/PCA/PBAT 545:556 TPS/PCA/PBAT 545:556 This study aimed to manufacture novel, commercially feasible, biodegradable sheets by flat die extrusion-calendering process produced with thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate (TPS/PCA) and thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (TPS/PCA/PBAT) blends, and to investigate the effects of composition and processing conditions, morphological characteristics, and thermal properties. 28576069 2 38 theme composition 601:611 arg1 properties 683:692 thermal properties 675:692 thermal properties 675:692 This study aimed to manufacture novel, commercially feasible, biodegradable sheets by flat die extrusion-calendering process produced with thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate (TPS/PCA) and thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (TPS/PCA/PBAT) blends, and to investigate the effects of composition and processing conditions, morphological characteristics, and thermal properties. 28576069 2 38 theme composition 601:611 arg1 characteristics 654:668 morphological characteristics 640:668 morphological characteristics 640:668 This study aimed to manufacture novel, commercially feasible, biodegradable sheets by flat die extrusion-calendering process produced with thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate (TPS/PCA) and thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (TPS/PCA/PBAT) blends, and to investigate the effects of composition and processing conditions, morphological characteristics, and thermal properties. 28576069 2 38 theme composition 601:611 arg1 effects 590:596 the effects 586:596 the effects of composition and processing conditions 586:637 This study aimed to manufacture novel, commercially feasible, biodegradable sheets by flat die extrusion-calendering process produced with thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate (TPS/PCA) and thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (TPS/PCA/PBAT) blends, and to investigate the effects of composition and processing conditions, morphological characteristics, and thermal properties. 28576069 3 39 theme TPS/PCA 719:725 arg1 properties 765:774 TPS/PCA and TPS/PCA/PBAT biodegradable sheets properties 719:774 TPS/PCA and TPS/PCA/PBAT biodegradable sheets properties 719:774 The results showed that TPS/PCA and TPS/PCA/PBAT biodegradable sheets properties were highly dependent upon both composition and processing temperature. 28576069 0 40 theme biodegradable 40:52 arg1 sheets 54:59 Starch, cellulose acetate and polyester biodegradable sheets 0:59 Starch, cellulose acetate and polyester biodegradable sheets: Effect of composition and processing conditions. 0:109 Starch, cellulose acetate and polyester biodegradable sheets: Effect of composition and processing conditions. 28576069 4 41 theme processing 1011:1020 arg1 temperatures 1022:1033 higher processing temperatures 1004:1033 higher processing temperatures 1004:1033 The morphological characteristics and thermal properties of the sheets demonstrated the good compatibility between TPS and PCA in TPS/PCA blends, mainly at higher processing temperatures, whereas TPS/PCA/PBAT sheets present a heterogeneous structure due to the poor compatibility between the components. 28576069 5 42 theme processability 1200:1213 arg1 characteristics 1233:1247 suitable processability and handleability characteristics 1191:1247 suitable processability and handleability characteristics that allow them to be considered as a novel eco-friendly, economically feasible alternative to conventional plastic materials 1191:1373 TPS/PCA biodegradable sheets presented suitable processability and handleability characteristics that allow them to be considered as a novel eco-friendly, economically feasible alternative to conventional plastic materials. 28576069 5 43 theme suitable 1191:1198 arg1 processability 1200:1213 suitable processability 1191:1213 suitable processability 1191:1213 TPS/PCA biodegradable sheets presented suitable processability and handleability characteristics that allow them to be considered as a novel eco-friendly, economically feasible alternative to conventional plastic materials. 28576069 4 44 theme higher 1004:1009 arg1 temperatures 1022:1033 higher processing temperatures 1004:1033 higher processing temperatures 1004:1033 The morphological characteristics and thermal properties of the sheets demonstrated the good compatibility between TPS and PCA in TPS/PCA blends, mainly at higher processing temperatures, whereas TPS/PCA/PBAT sheets present a heterogeneous structure due to the poor compatibility between the components. 28576069 5 45 theme conventional 1344:1355 arg1 materials 1365:1373 conventional plastic materials 1344:1373 conventional plastic materials 1344:1373 TPS/PCA biodegradable sheets presented suitable processability and handleability characteristics that allow them to be considered as a novel eco-friendly, economically feasible alternative to conventional plastic materials. 28576069 2 46 theme morphological 640:652 arg1 characteristics 654:668 morphological characteristics 640:668 morphological characteristics 640:668 This study aimed to manufacture novel, commercially feasible, biodegradable sheets by flat die extrusion-calendering process produced with thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate (TPS/PCA) and thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (TPS/PCA/PBAT) blends, and to investigate the effects of composition and processing conditions, morphological characteristics, and thermal properties. 28576069 1 47 theme plastic 143:149 arg1 materials 151:159 biodegradable plastic materials 129:159 biodegradable plastic materials using natural resources 129:183 The production of biodegradable plastic materials using natural resources has aroused increased attention due to environmental concerns. 28576069 2 48 theme novel 280:284 arg1 sheets 324:329 novel, commercially feasible, biodegradable sheets 280:329 novel, commercially feasible, biodegradable sheets 280:329 This study aimed to manufacture novel, commercially feasible, biodegradable sheets by flat die extrusion-calendering process produced with thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate (TPS/PCA) and thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (TPS/PCA/PBAT) blends, and to investigate the effects of composition and processing conditions, morphological characteristics, and thermal properties. 28576069 4 49 from compatibility 941:953 arg1 blends 986:991 TPS/PCA blends 978:991 TPS/PCA blends 978:991 The morphological characteristics and thermal properties of the sheets demonstrated the good compatibility between TPS and PCA in TPS/PCA blends, mainly at higher processing temperatures, whereas TPS/PCA/PBAT sheets present a heterogeneous structure due to the poor compatibility between the components. 28576069 2 50 theme extrusion-calendering 343:363 arg1 process 365:371 extrusion-calendering process 343:371 extrusion-calendering process produced with thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate (TPS/PCA) and thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (TPS/PCA/PBAT) blends 343:564 This study aimed to manufacture novel, commercially feasible, biodegradable sheets by flat die extrusion-calendering process produced with thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate (TPS/PCA) and thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (TPS/PCA/PBAT) blends, and to investigate the effects of composition and processing conditions, morphological characteristics, and thermal properties. 28576069 3 51 theme sheets 758:763 arg1 properties 765:774 TPS/PCA and TPS/PCA/PBAT biodegradable sheets properties 719:774 TPS/PCA and TPS/PCA/PBAT biodegradable sheets properties 719:774 The results showed that TPS/PCA and TPS/PCA/PBAT biodegradable sheets properties were highly dependent upon both composition and processing temperature. 28576069 1 52 dep environmental 224:236 arg1 concerns 238:245 concerns 238:245 concerns 238:245 The production of biodegradable plastic materials using natural resources has aroused increased attention due to environmental concerns. 28576069 1 53 theme biodegradable 129:141 arg1 materials 151:159 biodegradable plastic materials 129:159 biodegradable plastic materials using natural resources 129:183 The production of biodegradable plastic materials using natural resources has aroused increased attention due to environmental concerns. 28576069 2 54 dep flat 334:337 arg1 die 339:341 die 339:341 die extrusion-calendering process produced with thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate (TPS/PCA) and thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (TPS/PCA/PBAT) blends 339:564 This study aimed to manufacture novel, commercially feasible, biodegradable sheets by flat die extrusion-calendering process produced with thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate (TPS/PCA) and thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (TPS/PCA/PBAT) blends, and to investigate the effects of composition and processing conditions, morphological characteristics, and thermal properties. 28576069 4 55 theme poor 1109:1112 arg1 compatibility 1114:1126 the poor compatibility 1105:1126 the poor compatibility between the components 1105:1149 The morphological characteristics and thermal properties of the sheets demonstrated the good compatibility between TPS and PCA in TPS/PCA blends, mainly at higher processing temperatures, whereas TPS/PCA/PBAT sheets present a heterogeneous structure due to the poor compatibility between the components. 28576069 4 56 theme good 936:939 arg1 compatibility 941:953 the good compatibility 932:953 the good compatibility between TPS and PCA in TPS/PCA blends 932:991 The morphological characteristics and thermal properties of the sheets demonstrated the good compatibility between TPS and PCA in TPS/PCA blends, mainly at higher processing temperatures, whereas TPS/PCA/PBAT sheets present a heterogeneous structure due to the poor compatibility between the components. 28576069 2 57 theme cellulose 420:428 arg1 TPS/PCA 439:445 TPS/PCA 439:445 TPS/PCA 439:445 This study aimed to manufacture novel, commercially feasible, biodegradable sheets by flat die extrusion-calendering process produced with thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate (TPS/PCA) and thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (TPS/PCA/PBAT) blends, and to investigate the effects of composition and processing conditions, morphological characteristics, and thermal properties. 28576069 2 57 theme cellulose 420:428 arg1 acetate 430:436 thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate 387:436 thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate (TPS/PCA) 387:446 This study aimed to manufacture novel, commercially feasible, biodegradable sheets by flat die extrusion-calendering process produced with thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate (TPS/PCA) and thermoplastic starch/plasticized cellulose acetate/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (TPS/PCA/PBAT) blends, and to investigate the effects of composition and processing conditions, morphological characteristics, and thermal properties. 28576069 5 58 theme novel 1287:1291 arg1 them 1260:1263 them 1260:1263 them 1260:1263 TPS/PCA biodegradable sheets presented suitable processability and handleability characteristics that allow them to be considered as a novel eco-friendly, economically feasible alternative to conventional plastic materials. 28576069 5 58 theme novel 1287:1291 arg1 alternative 1329:1339 a novel eco-friendly, economically feasible alternative 1285:1339 a novel eco-friendly, economically feasible alternative to conventional plastic materials 1285:1373 TPS/PCA biodegradable sheets presented suitable processability and handleability characteristics that allow them to be considered as a novel eco-friendly, economically feasible alternative to conventional plastic materials. 28576069 5 59 theme TPS/PCA 1152:1158 arg1 sheets 1174:1179 TPS/PCA biodegradable sheets 1152:1179 TPS/PCA biodegradable sheets 1152:1179 TPS/PCA biodegradable sheets presented suitable processability and handleability characteristics that allow them to be considered as a novel eco-friendly, economically feasible alternative to conventional plastic materials. 28576069 1 60 theme materials 151:159 arg1 production 115:124 The production 111:124 The production of biodegradable plastic materials using natural resources 111:183 The production of biodegradable plastic materials using natural resources has aroused increased attention due to environmental concerns. 28576069 4 61 theme heterogeneous 1074:1086 arg1 structure 1088:1096 a heterogeneous structure 1072:1096 a heterogeneous structure due to the poor compatibility between the components 1072:1149 The morphological characteristics and thermal properties of the sheets demonstrated the good compatibility between TPS and PCA in TPS/PCA blends, mainly at higher processing temperatures, whereas TPS/PCA/PBAT sheets present a heterogeneous structure due to the poor compatibility between the components. 27178959 4 0 from tetraethoxysilane 637:653 arg1 solution 677:684 the coating solution 665:684 the coating solution 665:684 Interestingly, the pore structure of composite coating can be regulated by the weight ratio of SiO2 precursor tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in the coating solution. 27178959 5 1 theme pristine 805:812 arg1 separator 817:825 the pristine PE separator 801:825 the pristine PE separator 801:825 The electronic performance of lithium ion batteries assembled with modified separators are improved compared with the pristine PE separator. 27178959 6 2 theme composite 892:900 arg1 separator 902:910 the composite separator 888:910 the composite separator 888:910 When weight ratio of TEOS in the coating solution was 9.4%, the composite separator shows the best comprehensive performance. 27178959 0 3 theme lithium-ion 97:107 arg1 battery 109:115 high-performance lithium-ion battery 80:115 high-performance lithium-ion battery 80:115 Porous cellulose diacetate-SiO2 composite coating on polyethylene separator for high-performance lithium-ion battery. 27178959 6 4 theme comprehensive 927:939 arg1 performance 941:951 the best comprehensive performance 918:951 the best comprehensive performance 918:951 When weight ratio of TEOS in the coating solution was 9.4%, the composite separator shows the best comprehensive performance. 27178959 4 5 theme weight 606:611 arg1 ratio 613:617 the weight ratio 602:617 the weight ratio of SiO2 precursor tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in the coating solution 602:684 Interestingly, the pore structure of composite coating can be regulated by the weight ratio of SiO2 precursor tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in the coating solution. 27178959 3 6 theme diacetate 391:399 arg1 beneficial 433:442 beneficial 433:442 beneficial 433:442 The cellulose diacetate (CDA)-SiO2 composite coating is beneficial for improving the electrolyte wettability and the thermal stability of separators. 27178959 3 6 theme diacetate 391:399 arg1 coating 422:428 The cellulose diacetate (CDA)-SiO2 composite coating 377:428 The cellulose diacetate (CDA)-SiO2 composite coating 377:428 The cellulose diacetate (CDA)-SiO2 composite coating is beneficial for improving the electrolyte wettability and the thermal stability of separators. 27178959 4 7 theme pore 546:549 arg1 structure 551:559 the pore structure 542:559 the pore structure of composite coating 542:580 Interestingly, the pore structure of composite coating can be regulated by the weight ratio of SiO2 precursor tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in the coating solution. 27178959 6 8 theme TEOS 849:852 arg1 ratio 840:844 weight ratio 833:844 weight ratio of TEOS in the coating solution 833:876 When weight ratio of TEOS in the coating solution was 9.4%, the composite separator shows the best comprehensive performance. 27178959 2 9 theme comprehensive 293:305 arg1 properties 307:316 the comprehensive properties 289:316 the comprehensive properties of inorganic-organic composite separator 289:357 In this work, a new way to adjust the comprehensive properties of inorganic-organic composite separator was investigated. 27178959 4 10 theme SiO2 622:625 arg1 tetraethoxysilane 637:653 SiO2 precursor tetraethoxysilane 622:653 SiO2 precursor tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in the coating solution 622:684 Interestingly, the pore structure of composite coating can be regulated by the weight ratio of SiO2 precursor tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in the coating solution. 27178959 4 10 theme SiO2 622:625 arg1 TEOS 656:659 TEOS 656:659 TEOS 656:659 Interestingly, the pore structure of composite coating can be regulated by the weight ratio of SiO2 precursor tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in the coating solution. 27178959 5 11 theme electronic 691:700 arg1 performance 702:712 The electronic performance 687:712 The electronic performance of lithium ion batteries assembled with modified separators 687:772 The electronic performance of lithium ion batteries assembled with modified separators are improved compared with the pristine PE separator. 27178959 7 12 theme PE 981:982 arg1 separator 984:992 the pristine PE separator 968:992 the pristine PE separator 968:992 Compared with the pristine PE separator, its meltdown temperature and the break-elongation at elevated temperature increased. 27178959 2 13 theme separator 349:357 arg1 properties 307:316 the comprehensive properties 289:316 the comprehensive properties of inorganic-organic composite separator 289:357 In this work, a new way to adjust the comprehensive properties of inorganic-organic composite separator was investigated. 27178959 4 14 from ratio 613:617 arg1 solution 677:684 the coating solution 665:684 the coating solution 665:684 Interestingly, the pore structure of composite coating can be regulated by the weight ratio of SiO2 precursor tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in the coating solution. 27178959 3 15 theme electrolyte 462:472 arg1 wettability 474:484 the electrolyte wettability 458:484 the electrolyte wettability 458:484 The cellulose diacetate (CDA)-SiO2 composite coating is beneficial for improving the electrolyte wettability and the thermal stability of separators. 27178959 3 16 theme cellulose 381:389 arg1 CDA 402:404 CDA 402:404 CDA 402:404 The cellulose diacetate (CDA)-SiO2 composite coating is beneficial for improving the electrolyte wettability and the thermal stability of separators. 27178959 3 16 theme cellulose 381:389 arg1 diacetate 391:399 cellulose diacetate 381:399 The cellulose diacetate (CDA)-SiO2 composite coating 377:428 The cellulose diacetate (CDA)-SiO2 composite coating is beneficial for improving the electrolyte wettability and the thermal stability of separators. 27178959 7 17 theme elevated 1048:1055 arg1 temperature 1057:1067 elevated temperature 1048:1067 elevated temperature 1048:1067 Compared with the pristine PE separator, its meltdown temperature and the break-elongation at elevated temperature increased. 27178959 6 18 theme weight 833:838 arg1 ratio 840:844 weight ratio 833:844 weight ratio of TEOS in the coating solution 833:876 When weight ratio of TEOS in the coating solution was 9.4%, the composite separator shows the best comprehensive performance. 27178959 3 19 theme composite 412:420 arg1 beneficial 433:442 beneficial 433:442 beneficial 433:442 The cellulose diacetate (CDA)-SiO2 composite coating is beneficial for improving the electrolyte wettability and the thermal stability of separators. 27178959 3 19 theme composite 412:420 arg1 coating 422:428 The cellulose diacetate (CDA)-SiO2 composite coating 377:428 The cellulose diacetate (CDA)-SiO2 composite coating 377:428 The cellulose diacetate (CDA)-SiO2 composite coating is beneficial for improving the electrolyte wettability and the thermal stability of separators. 27178959 6 20 from ratio 840:844 arg1 solution 869:876 the coating solution 857:876 the coating solution 857:876 When weight ratio of TEOS in the coating solution was 9.4%, the composite separator shows the best comprehensive performance. 27178959 0 21 theme cellulose 7:15 arg1 composite 32:40 Porous cellulose diacetate-SiO2 composite 0:40 Porous cellulose diacetate-SiO2 composite 0:40 Porous cellulose diacetate-SiO2 composite coating on polyethylene separator for high-performance lithium-ion battery. 27178959 5 22 theme PE 814:815 arg1 separator 817:825 the pristine PE separator 801:825 the pristine PE separator 801:825 The electronic performance of lithium ion batteries assembled with modified separators are improved compared with the pristine PE separator. 27178959 7 23 theme pristine 972:979 arg1 separator 984:992 the pristine PE separator 968:992 the pristine PE separator 968:992 Compared with the pristine PE separator, its meltdown temperature and the break-elongation at elevated temperature increased. 27178959 2 24 theme composite 339:347 arg1 separator 349:357 inorganic-organic composite separator 321:357 inorganic-organic composite separator 321:357 In this work, a new way to adjust the comprehensive properties of inorganic-organic composite separator was investigated. 27178959 4 25 from solution 677:684 arg1 ratio 613:617 the weight ratio 602:617 the weight ratio of SiO2 precursor tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in the coating solution 602:684 Interestingly, the pore structure of composite coating can be regulated by the weight ratio of SiO2 precursor tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in the coating solution. 27178959 1 26 theme high 208:211 arg1 conductivity 219:230 high ionic conductivity 208:230 high ionic conductivity 208:230 The developments of high-performance lithium ion battery are eager to the separators with high ionic conductivity and thermal stability. 27178959 0 27 theme Porous 0:5 arg1 composite 32:40 Porous cellulose diacetate-SiO2 composite 0:40 Porous cellulose diacetate-SiO2 composite 0:40 Porous cellulose diacetate-SiO2 composite coating on polyethylene separator for high-performance lithium-ion battery. 27178959 8 28 theme discharge 1102:1110 arg1 capacity 1112:1119 the discharge capacity 1098:1119 the discharge capacity 1098:1119 More importantly, the discharge capacity and the capacity retention improved significantly. 27178959 2 29 theme inorganic-organic 321:337 arg1 separator 349:357 inorganic-organic composite separator 321:357 inorganic-organic composite separator 321:357 In this work, a new way to adjust the comprehensive properties of inorganic-organic composite separator was investigated. 27178959 1 30 theme ionic 213:217 arg1 conductivity 219:230 high ionic conductivity 208:230 high ionic conductivity 208:230 The developments of high-performance lithium ion battery are eager to the separators with high ionic conductivity and thermal stability. 27178959 5 31 theme batteries 729:737 arg1 performance 702:712 The electronic performance 687:712 The electronic performance of lithium ion batteries assembled with modified separators 687:772 The electronic performance of lithium ion batteries assembled with modified separators are improved compared with the pristine PE separator. 27178959 3 32 theme thermal 494:500 arg1 stability 502:510 the thermal stability 490:510 the thermal stability of separators 490:524 The cellulose diacetate (CDA)-SiO2 composite coating is beneficial for improving the electrolyte wettability and the thermal stability of separators. 27178959 0 33 theme diacetate-SiO2 17:30 arg1 composite 32:40 Porous cellulose diacetate-SiO2 composite 0:40 Porous cellulose diacetate-SiO2 composite 0:40 Porous cellulose diacetate-SiO2 composite coating on polyethylene separator for high-performance lithium-ion battery. 27178959 4 34 theme coating 669:675 arg1 solution 677:684 the coating solution 665:684 the coating solution 665:684 Interestingly, the pore structure of composite coating can be regulated by the weight ratio of SiO2 precursor tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in the coating solution. 27178959 6 35 from TEOS 849:852 arg1 solution 869:876 the coating solution 857:876 the coating solution 857:876 When weight ratio of TEOS in the coating solution was 9.4%, the composite separator shows the best comprehensive performance. 27178959 1 36 theme thermal 236:242 arg1 stability 244:252 thermal stability 236:252 thermal stability 236:252 The developments of high-performance lithium ion battery are eager to the separators with high ionic conductivity and thermal stability. 27178959 4 37 theme composite 564:572 arg1 coating 574:580 composite coating 564:580 composite coating 564:580 Interestingly, the pore structure of composite coating can be regulated by the weight ratio of SiO2 precursor tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in the coating solution. 27178959 5 38 theme modified 754:761 arg1 separators 763:772 modified separators 754:772 modified separators 754:772 The electronic performance of lithium ion batteries assembled with modified separators are improved compared with the pristine PE separator. 27178959 6 39 from solution 869:876 arg1 ratio 840:844 weight ratio 833:844 weight ratio of TEOS in the coating solution 833:876 When weight ratio of TEOS in the coating solution was 9.4%, the composite separator shows the best comprehensive performance. 27178959 7 40 from temperature 1057:1067 arg1 temperature 1008:1018 its meltdown temperature 995:1018 its meltdown temperature 995:1018 Compared with the pristine PE separator, its meltdown temperature and the break-elongation at elevated temperature increased. 27178959 7 40 from temperature 1057:1067 arg1 break-elongation 1028:1043 the break-elongation 1024:1043 the break-elongation at elevated temperature 1024:1067 Compared with the pristine PE separator, its meltdown temperature and the break-elongation at elevated temperature increased. 27178959 5 41 theme lithium 717:723 arg1 batteries 729:737 lithium ion batteries 717:737 lithium ion batteries assembled with modified separators 717:772 The electronic performance of lithium ion batteries assembled with modified separators are improved compared with the pristine PE separator. 27178959 1 42 theme high-performance 138:153 arg1 battery 167:173 high-performance lithium ion battery 138:173 high-performance lithium ion battery 138:173 The developments of high-performance lithium ion battery are eager to the separators with high ionic conductivity and thermal stability. 27178959 0 43 theme polyethylene 53:64 arg1 separator 66:74 polyethylene separator 53:74 polyethylene separator for high-performance lithium-ion battery 53:115 Porous cellulose diacetate-SiO2 composite coating on polyethylene separator for high-performance lithium-ion battery. 27178959 1 44 theme lithium 155:161 arg1 battery 167:173 high-performance lithium ion battery 138:173 high-performance lithium ion battery 138:173 The developments of high-performance lithium ion battery are eager to the separators with high ionic conductivity and thermal stability. 27178959 4 45 theme coating 574:580 arg1 structure 551:559 the pore structure 542:559 the pore structure of composite coating 542:580 Interestingly, the pore structure of composite coating can be regulated by the weight ratio of SiO2 precursor tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in the coating solution. 27178959 1 46 with separators 192:201 arg1 conductivity 219:230 high ionic conductivity 208:230 high ionic conductivity 208:230 The developments of high-performance lithium ion battery are eager to the separators with high ionic conductivity and thermal stability. 27178959 1 46 with separators 192:201 arg1 stability 244:252 thermal stability 236:252 thermal stability 236:252 The developments of high-performance lithium ion battery are eager to the separators with high ionic conductivity and thermal stability. 27178959 1 47 theme ion 163:165 arg1 battery 167:173 high-performance lithium ion battery 138:173 high-performance lithium ion battery 138:173 The developments of high-performance lithium ion battery are eager to the separators with high ionic conductivity and thermal stability. 27178959 4 48 theme tetraethoxysilane 637:653 arg1 ratio 613:617 the weight ratio 602:617 the weight ratio of SiO2 precursor tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in the coating solution 602:684 Interestingly, the pore structure of composite coating can be regulated by the weight ratio of SiO2 precursor tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in the coating solution. 27178959 5 49 theme ion 725:727 arg1 batteries 729:737 lithium ion batteries 717:737 lithium ion batteries assembled with modified separators 717:772 The electronic performance of lithium ion batteries assembled with modified separators are improved compared with the pristine PE separator. 27178959 6 50 theme coating 861:867 arg1 solution 869:876 the coating solution 857:876 the coating solution 857:876 When weight ratio of TEOS in the coating solution was 9.4%, the composite separator shows the best comprehensive performance. 27178959 2 51 theme new 271:273 arg1 way 275:277 a new way 269:277 a new way to adjust the comprehensive properties of inorganic-organic composite separator 269:357 In this work, a new way to adjust the comprehensive properties of inorganic-organic composite separator was investigated. 27178959 1 52 theme battery 167:173 arg1 eager 179:183 eager 179:183 eager 179:183 The developments of high-performance lithium ion battery are eager to the separators with high ionic conductivity and thermal stability. 27178959 1 52 theme battery 167:173 arg1 developments 122:133 The developments 118:133 The developments of high-performance lithium ion battery 118:173 The developments of high-performance lithium ion battery are eager to the separators with high ionic conductivity and thermal stability. 27178959 4 53 theme precursor 627:635 arg1 tetraethoxysilane 637:653 SiO2 precursor tetraethoxysilane 622:653 SiO2 precursor tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in the coating solution 622:684 Interestingly, the pore structure of composite coating can be regulated by the weight ratio of SiO2 precursor tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in the coating solution. 27178959 4 53 theme precursor 627:635 arg1 TEOS 656:659 TEOS 656:659 TEOS 656:659 Interestingly, the pore structure of composite coating can be regulated by the weight ratio of SiO2 precursor tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in the coating solution. 27178959 0 54 theme high-performance 80:95 arg1 battery 109:115 high-performance lithium-ion battery 80:115 high-performance lithium-ion battery 80:115 Porous cellulose diacetate-SiO2 composite coating on polyethylene separator for high-performance lithium-ion battery. 27178959 3 55 theme separators 515:524 arg1 wettability 474:484 the electrolyte wettability 458:484 the electrolyte wettability 458:484 The cellulose diacetate (CDA)-SiO2 composite coating is beneficial for improving the electrolyte wettability and the thermal stability of separators. 27178959 3 55 theme separators 515:524 arg1 stability 502:510 the thermal stability 490:510 the thermal stability of separators 490:524 The cellulose diacetate (CDA)-SiO2 composite coating is beneficial for improving the electrolyte wettability and the thermal stability of separators. 27178959 7 56 theme meltdown 999:1006 arg1 temperature 1008:1018 its meltdown temperature 995:1018 its meltdown temperature 995:1018 Compared with the pristine PE separator, its meltdown temperature and the break-elongation at elevated temperature increased. 27178959 3 57 theme -SiO2 406:410 arg1 beneficial 433:442 beneficial 433:442 beneficial 433:442 The cellulose diacetate (CDA)-SiO2 composite coating is beneficial for improving the electrolyte wettability and the thermal stability of separators. 27178959 3 57 theme -SiO2 406:410 arg1 coating 422:428 The cellulose diacetate (CDA)-SiO2 composite coating 377:428 The cellulose diacetate (CDA)-SiO2 composite coating 377:428 The cellulose diacetate (CDA)-SiO2 composite coating is beneficial for improving the electrolyte wettability and the thermal stability of separators. 27178959 8 58 theme capacity 1129:1136 arg1 retention 1138:1146 the capacity retention 1125:1146 the capacity retention 1125:1146 More importantly, the discharge capacity and the capacity retention improved significantly. 25129745 3 0 theme obtained 367:374 arg1 foams 376:380 obtained foams 367:380 obtained foams 367:380 The morphology of obtained foams was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25129745 3 1 theme scanning 406:413 arg1 SEM 436:438 SEM 436:438 SEM 436:438 The morphology of obtained foams was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25129745 3 1 theme scanning 406:413 arg1 microscopy 424:433 scanning electron microscopy 406:433 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 406:439 The morphology of obtained foams was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25129745 5 2 theme directional 602:612 arg1 protocol 629:636 directional freeze-casting protocol 602:636 directional freeze-casting protocol 602:636 The results indicate that directional freeze-casting protocol can significantly influence the morphological features and microstructures of the obtained biofoams which could have numerous applications, including engineered carriers, scaffolds, filters and specifically as a template for potential multi-layered composites after infusion with a second phase. 25129745 5 3 theme obtained 720:727 arg1 biofoams 729:736 the obtained biofoams 716:736 the obtained biofoams which could have numerous applications 716:775 The results indicate that directional freeze-casting protocol can significantly influence the morphological features and microstructures of the obtained biofoams which could have numerous applications, including engineered carriers, scaffolds, filters and specifically as a template for potential multi-layered composites after infusion with a second phase. 25129745 3 4 theme electron 415:422 arg1 SEM 436:438 SEM 436:438 SEM 436:438 The morphology of obtained foams was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25129745 3 4 theme electron 415:422 arg1 microscopy 424:433 scanning electron microscopy 406:433 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 406:439 The morphology of obtained foams was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25129745 5 5 theme biofoams 729:736 arg1 scaffolds 809:817 scaffolds 809:817 scaffolds 809:817 The results indicate that directional freeze-casting protocol can significantly influence the morphological features and microstructures of the obtained biofoams which could have numerous applications, including engineered carriers, scaffolds, filters and specifically as a template for potential multi-layered composites after infusion with a second phase. 25129745 5 5 theme biofoams 729:736 arg1 carriers 799:806 engineered carriers 788:806 engineered carriers 788:806 The results indicate that directional freeze-casting protocol can significantly influence the morphological features and microstructures of the obtained biofoams which could have numerous applications, including engineered carriers, scaffolds, filters and specifically as a template for potential multi-layered composites after infusion with a second phase. 25129745 5 5 theme biofoams 729:736 arg1 microstructures 697:711 microstructures 697:711 microstructures 697:711 The results indicate that directional freeze-casting protocol can significantly influence the morphological features and microstructures of the obtained biofoams which could have numerous applications, including engineered carriers, scaffolds, filters and specifically as a template for potential multi-layered composites after infusion with a second phase. 25129745 5 5 theme biofoams 729:736 arg1 features 684:691 the morphological features 666:691 the morphological features 666:691 The results indicate that directional freeze-casting protocol can significantly influence the morphological features and microstructures of the obtained biofoams which could have numerous applications, including engineered carriers, scaffolds, filters and specifically as a template for potential multi-layered composites after infusion with a second phase. 25129745 5 5 theme biofoams 729:736 arg1 filters 820:826 filters 820:826 filters 820:826 The results indicate that directional freeze-casting protocol can significantly influence the morphological features and microstructures of the obtained biofoams which could have numerous applications, including engineered carriers, scaffolds, filters and specifically as a template for potential multi-layered composites after infusion with a second phase. 25129745 2 6 from effects 242:248 arg1 morphology 319:328 nanochitin foam morphology 303:328 nanochitin foam morphology 303:328 The effects of the freezing conditions and slurry formulation on nanochitin foam morphology were investigated. 25129745 5 7 theme morphological 670:682 arg1 scaffolds 809:817 scaffolds 809:817 scaffolds 809:817 The results indicate that directional freeze-casting protocol can significantly influence the morphological features and microstructures of the obtained biofoams which could have numerous applications, including engineered carriers, scaffolds, filters and specifically as a template for potential multi-layered composites after infusion with a second phase. 25129745 5 7 theme morphological 670:682 arg1 carriers 799:806 engineered carriers 788:806 engineered carriers 788:806 The results indicate that directional freeze-casting protocol can significantly influence the morphological features and microstructures of the obtained biofoams which could have numerous applications, including engineered carriers, scaffolds, filters and specifically as a template for potential multi-layered composites after infusion with a second phase. 25129745 5 7 theme morphological 670:682 arg1 features 684:691 the morphological features 666:691 the morphological features 666:691 The results indicate that directional freeze-casting protocol can significantly influence the morphological features and microstructures of the obtained biofoams which could have numerous applications, including engineered carriers, scaffolds, filters and specifically as a template for potential multi-layered composites after infusion with a second phase. 25129745 5 7 theme morphological 670:682 arg1 filters 820:826 filters 820:826 filters 820:826 The results indicate that directional freeze-casting protocol can significantly influence the morphological features and microstructures of the obtained biofoams which could have numerous applications, including engineered carriers, scaffolds, filters and specifically as a template for potential multi-layered composites after infusion with a second phase. 25129745 2 8 theme foam 314:317 arg1 morphology 319:328 nanochitin foam morphology 303:328 nanochitin foam morphology 303:328 The effects of the freezing conditions and slurry formulation on nanochitin foam morphology were investigated. 25129745 2 9 theme nanochitin 303:312 arg1 morphology 319:328 nanochitin foam morphology 303:328 nanochitin foam morphology 303:328 The effects of the freezing conditions and slurry formulation on nanochitin foam morphology were investigated. 25129745 5 10 theme multi-layered 873:885 arg1 composites 887:896 potential multi-layered composites 863:896 potential multi-layered composites after infusion with a second phase 863:931 The results indicate that directional freeze-casting protocol can significantly influence the morphological features and microstructures of the obtained biofoams which could have numerous applications, including engineered carriers, scaffolds, filters and specifically as a template for potential multi-layered composites after infusion with a second phase. 25129745 3 11 theme foams 376:380 arg1 morphology 353:362 The morphology 349:362 The morphology of obtained foams 349:380 The morphology of obtained foams was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25129745 1 12 theme Structured 96:105 arg1 biofoams 107:114 Structured biofoams 96:114 Structured biofoams with aligned porous structures 96:145 Structured biofoams with aligned porous structures were fabricated from nanosized chitin by employing a directional freeze-casting technique. 25129745 1 13 theme directional 200:210 arg1 technique 227:235 a directional freeze-casting technique 198:235 a directional freeze-casting technique 198:235 Structured biofoams with aligned porous structures were fabricated from nanosized chitin by employing a directional freeze-casting technique. 25129745 5 14 theme freeze-casting 614:627 arg1 protocol 629:636 directional freeze-casting protocol 602:636 directional freeze-casting protocol 602:636 The results indicate that directional freeze-casting protocol can significantly influence the morphological features and microstructures of the obtained biofoams which could have numerous applications, including engineered carriers, scaffolds, filters and specifically as a template for potential multi-layered composites after infusion with a second phase. 25129745 5 15 with infusion 904:911 arg1 phase 927:931 a second phase 918:931 a second phase 918:931 The results indicate that directional freeze-casting protocol can significantly influence the morphological features and microstructures of the obtained biofoams which could have numerous applications, including engineered carriers, scaffolds, filters and specifically as a template for potential multi-layered composites after infusion with a second phase. 25129745 1 16 theme freeze-casting 212:225 arg1 technique 227:235 a directional freeze-casting technique 198:235 a directional freeze-casting technique 198:235 Structured biofoams with aligned porous structures were fabricated from nanosized chitin by employing a directional freeze-casting technique. 25129745 0 17 theme porous 23:28 arg1 nanowhisker 37:47 aligned porous chitin nanowhisker 15:47 aligned porous chitin nanowhisker 15:47 Preparation of aligned porous chitin nanowhisker foams by directional freeze-casting technique. 25129745 1 18 with biofoams 107:114 arg1 structures 136:145 aligned porous structures 121:145 aligned porous structures 121:145 Structured biofoams with aligned porous structures were fabricated from nanosized chitin by employing a directional freeze-casting technique. 25129745 1 19 theme aligned 121:127 arg1 structures 136:145 aligned porous structures 121:145 aligned porous structures 121:145 Structured biofoams with aligned porous structures were fabricated from nanosized chitin by employing a directional freeze-casting technique. 25129745 0 20 theme nanowhisker 37:47 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation of aligned porous chitin nanowhisker 0:47 Preparation of aligned porous chitin nanowhisker foams by directional freeze-casting technique. 25129745 2 21 theme conditions 266:275 arg1 effects 242:248 The effects 238:248 The effects of the freezing conditions and slurry formulation on nanochitin foam morphology 238:328 The effects of the freezing conditions and slurry formulation on nanochitin foam morphology were investigated. 25129745 5 22 theme second 920:925 arg1 phase 927:931 a second phase 918:931 a second phase 918:931 The results indicate that directional freeze-casting protocol can significantly influence the morphological features and microstructures of the obtained biofoams which could have numerous applications, including engineered carriers, scaffolds, filters and specifically as a template for potential multi-layered composites after infusion with a second phase. 25129745 0 23 theme chitin 30:35 arg1 nanowhisker 37:47 aligned porous chitin nanowhisker 15:47 aligned porous chitin nanowhisker 15:47 Preparation of aligned porous chitin nanowhisker foams by directional freeze-casting technique. 25129745 5 24 theme engineered 788:797 arg1 carriers 799:806 engineered carriers 788:806 engineered carriers 788:806 The results indicate that directional freeze-casting protocol can significantly influence the morphological features and microstructures of the obtained biofoams which could have numerous applications, including engineered carriers, scaffolds, filters and specifically as a template for potential multi-layered composites after infusion with a second phase. 25129745 4 25 theme foams 495:499 arg1 likewise 507:514 likewise 507:514 likewise 507:514 It was found that the pore structure of the obtained foams was a likewise of the ice crystals formed during the directional freezing. 25129745 4 25 theme foams 495:499 arg1 structure 469:477 the pore structure 460:477 the pore structure of the obtained foams 460:499 It was found that the pore structure of the obtained foams was a likewise of the ice crystals formed during the directional freezing. 25129745 2 26 theme freezing 257:264 arg1 conditions 266:275 the freezing conditions 253:275 the freezing conditions 253:275 The effects of the freezing conditions and slurry formulation on nanochitin foam morphology were investigated. 25129745 5 27 contain have 750:753 arg2 applications 764:775 numerous applications 755:775 numerous applications 755:775 The results indicate that directional freeze-casting protocol can significantly influence the morphological features and microstructures of the obtained biofoams which could have numerous applications, including engineered carriers, scaffolds, filters and specifically as a template for potential multi-layered composites after infusion with a second phase. 25129745 5 27 contain have 750:753 arg1 biofoams 729:736 the obtained biofoams 716:736 the obtained biofoams which could have numerous applications 716:775 The results indicate that directional freeze-casting protocol can significantly influence the morphological features and microstructures of the obtained biofoams which could have numerous applications, including engineered carriers, scaffolds, filters and specifically as a template for potential multi-layered composites after infusion with a second phase. 25129745 4 28 theme obtained 486:493 arg1 foams 495:499 the obtained foams 482:499 the obtained foams 482:499 It was found that the pore structure of the obtained foams was a likewise of the ice crystals formed during the directional freezing. 25129745 1 29 theme porous 129:134 arg1 structures 136:145 aligned porous structures 121:145 aligned porous structures 121:145 Structured biofoams with aligned porous structures were fabricated from nanosized chitin by employing a directional freeze-casting technique. 25129745 5 30 theme potential 863:871 arg1 composites 887:896 potential multi-layered composites 863:896 potential multi-layered composites after infusion with a second phase 863:931 The results indicate that directional freeze-casting protocol can significantly influence the morphological features and microstructures of the obtained biofoams which could have numerous applications, including engineered carriers, scaffolds, filters and specifically as a template for potential multi-layered composites after infusion with a second phase. 25129745 4 31 theme directional 554:564 arg1 freezing 566:573 the directional freezing 550:573 the directional freezing 550:573 It was found that the pore structure of the obtained foams was a likewise of the ice crystals formed during the directional freezing. 25129745 5 32 theme numerous 755:762 arg1 applications 764:775 numerous applications 755:775 numerous applications 755:775 The results indicate that directional freeze-casting protocol can significantly influence the morphological features and microstructures of the obtained biofoams which could have numerous applications, including engineered carriers, scaffolds, filters and specifically as a template for potential multi-layered composites after infusion with a second phase. 25129745 2 33 theme formulation 288:298 arg1 effects 242:248 The effects 238:248 The effects of the freezing conditions and slurry formulation on nanochitin foam morphology 238:328 The effects of the freezing conditions and slurry formulation on nanochitin foam morphology were investigated. 25129745 0 34 theme freeze-casting 70:83 arg1 technique 85:93 directional freeze-casting technique 58:93 directional freeze-casting technique 58:93 Preparation of aligned porous chitin nanowhisker foams by directional freeze-casting technique. 25129745 4 35 theme pore 464:467 arg1 likewise 507:514 likewise 507:514 likewise 507:514 It was found that the pore structure of the obtained foams was a likewise of the ice crystals formed during the directional freezing. 25129745 4 35 theme pore 464:467 arg1 structure 469:477 the pore structure 460:477 the pore structure of the obtained foams 460:499 It was found that the pore structure of the obtained foams was a likewise of the ice crystals formed during the directional freezing. 25129745 2 36 theme slurry 281:286 arg1 formulation 288:298 slurry formulation 281:298 slurry formulation 281:298 The effects of the freezing conditions and slurry formulation on nanochitin foam morphology were investigated. 25129745 0 37 theme directional 58:68 arg1 technique 85:93 directional freeze-casting technique 58:93 directional freeze-casting technique 58:93 Preparation of aligned porous chitin nanowhisker foams by directional freeze-casting technique. 25129745 4 38 theme ice 523:525 arg1 crystals 527:534 the ice crystals 519:534 the ice crystals formed during the directional freezing 519:573 It was found that the pore structure of the obtained foams was a likewise of the ice crystals formed during the directional freezing. 25129745 0 39 theme aligned 15:21 arg1 nanowhisker 37:47 aligned porous chitin nanowhisker 15:47 aligned porous chitin nanowhisker 15:47 Preparation of aligned porous chitin nanowhisker foams by directional freeze-casting technique. 25129745 1 40 theme nanosized 168:176 arg1 chitin 178:183 nanosized chitin 168:183 nanosized chitin 168:183 Structured biofoams with aligned porous structures were fabricated from nanosized chitin by employing a directional freeze-casting technique. 24679803 6 0 theme rice 790:793 arg1 starch 795:800 rice starch 790:800 rice starch 790:800 Pasting profile and textural analysis of rice starch and flour showed that all the cultivars differences, probably due to variation in amylose content. 24679803 1 1 theme rice 150:153 arg1 cultivars 155:163 seven temperate rice cultivars 134:163 seven temperate rice cultivars grown in Himalayan region 134:189 Starch and flour of seven temperate rice cultivars grown in Himalayan region were evaluated for composition, granule structure, crystallinity, Raman spectrometry, turbidity, swelling power, solubility, pasting properties and textural properties. 24679803 0 2 theme temperate 78:86 arg1 rice 88:91 temperate rice 78:91 temperate rice of Indian Himalayas 78:111 Cultivar difference in physicochemical properties of starches and flours from temperate rice of Indian Himalayas. 24679803 0 3 from difference 9:18 arg1 properties 39:48 physicochemical properties 23:48 physicochemical properties of starches and flours from temperate rice of Indian Himalayas 23:111 Cultivar difference in physicochemical properties of starches and flours from temperate rice of Indian Himalayas. 24679803 1 4 theme cultivars 155:163 arg1 flour 125:129 flour 125:129 flour 125:129 Starch and flour of seven temperate rice cultivars grown in Himalayan region were evaluated for composition, granule structure, crystallinity, Raman spectrometry, turbidity, swelling power, solubility, pasting properties and textural properties. 24679803 1 4 theme cultivars 155:163 arg1 Starch 114:119 Starch 114:119 Starch 114:119 Starch and flour of seven temperate rice cultivars grown in Himalayan region were evaluated for composition, granule structure, crystallinity, Raman spectrometry, turbidity, swelling power, solubility, pasting properties and textural properties. 24679803 4 5 theme Rice 525:528 arg1 starch 530:535 Rice starch 525:535 Rice starch 525:535 Rice starch showed polyhedral granule shapes and differences in their mean granule size (2.3-6.5 μm) were noted among the samples. 24679803 0 6 theme Indian 96:101 arg1 Himalayas 103:111 Indian Himalayas 96:111 Indian Himalayas 96:111 Cultivar difference in physicochemical properties of starches and flours from temperate rice of Indian Himalayas. 24679803 1 7 theme textural 339:346 arg1 properties 348:357 textural properties 339:357 textural properties 339:357 Starch and flour of seven temperate rice cultivars grown in Himalayan region were evaluated for composition, granule structure, crystallinity, Raman spectrometry, turbidity, swelling power, solubility, pasting properties and textural properties. 24679803 3 8 theme amylose 507:513 arg1 amylose 507:513 amylose 507:513 amylose 507:513 SKAU-382 showed the highest amount of amylose (32.76%). 24679803 3 8 theme amylose 507:513 arg1 amount 497:502 the highest amount 485:502 the highest amount of amylose 485:513 SKAU-382 showed the highest amount of amylose (32.76%). 24679803 1 9 theme Raman 257:261 arg1 spectrometry 263:274 Raman spectrometry 257:274 Raman spectrometry 257:274 Starch and flour of seven temperate rice cultivars grown in Himalayan region were evaluated for composition, granule structure, crystallinity, Raman spectrometry, turbidity, swelling power, solubility, pasting properties and textural properties. 24679803 6 10 theme flour 806:810 arg1 profile 757:763 Pasting profile and textural analysis 749:785 profile 757:763 Pasting profile and textural analysis of rice starch and flour showed that all the cultivars differences, probably due to variation in amylose content. 24679803 6 10 theme flour 806:810 arg1 analysis 778:785 Pasting profile and textural analysis 749:785 analysis 778:785 Pasting profile and textural analysis of rice starch and flour showed that all the cultivars differences, probably due to variation in amylose content. 24679803 6 11 theme amylose 884:890 arg1 content 892:898 amylose content 884:898 amylose content 884:898 Pasting profile and textural analysis of rice starch and flour showed that all the cultivars differences, probably due to variation in amylose content. 24679803 5 12 theme flour 671:675 arg1 samples 677:683 The starch and flour samples 656:683 The starch and flour samples 656:683 The starch and flour samples showed type A-pattern with strong reflection at 15, 18, and 23. 24679803 7 13 theme flour 997:1001 arg1 quality 1003:1009 flour quality 997:1009 flour quality 997:1009 The present study can be used for identifying differences between rice genotypes for starch and flour quality and could provide guidance to possible industries for their end use. 24679803 0 14 theme Himalayas 103:111 arg1 rice 88:91 temperate rice 78:91 temperate rice of Indian Himalayas 78:111 Cultivar difference in physicochemical properties of starches and flours from temperate rice of Indian Himalayas. 24679803 6 15 theme starch 795:800 arg1 profile 757:763 Pasting profile and textural analysis 749:785 profile 757:763 Pasting profile and textural analysis of rice starch and flour showed that all the cultivars differences, probably due to variation in amylose content. 24679803 6 15 theme starch 795:800 arg1 analysis 778:785 Pasting profile and textural analysis 749:785 analysis 778:785 Pasting profile and textural analysis of rice starch and flour showed that all the cultivars differences, probably due to variation in amylose content. 24679803 4 16 theme granule 555:561 arg1 shapes 563:568 polyhedral granule shapes 544:568 polyhedral granule shapes 544:568 Rice starch showed polyhedral granule shapes and differences in their mean granule size (2.3-6.5 μm) were noted among the samples. 24679803 0 17 from properties 39:48 arg1 rice 88:91 temperate rice 78:91 temperate rice of Indian Himalayas 78:111 Cultivar difference in physicochemical properties of starches and flours from temperate rice of Indian Himalayas. 24679803 1 18 theme Himalayan 174:182 arg1 region 184:189 Himalayan region 174:189 Himalayan region 174:189 Starch and flour of seven temperate rice cultivars grown in Himalayan region were evaluated for composition, granule structure, crystallinity, Raman spectrometry, turbidity, swelling power, solubility, pasting properties and textural properties. 24679803 0 19 theme Cultivar 0:7 arg1 difference 9:18 Cultivar difference 0:18 Cultivar difference in physicochemical properties of starches and flours from temperate rice of Indian Himalayas. 0:112 Cultivar difference in physicochemical properties of starches and flours from temperate rice of Indian Himalayas. 24679803 3 20 dep showed 478:483 arg1 % 521:521 32.76% 516:521 32.76% 516:521 SKAU-382 showed the highest amount of amylose (32.76%). 24679803 0 21 theme physicochemical 23:37 arg1 properties 39:48 physicochemical properties 23:48 physicochemical properties of starches and flours from temperate rice of Indian Himalayas 23:111 Cultivar difference in physicochemical properties of starches and flours from temperate rice of Indian Himalayas. 24679803 7 22 theme end 1071:1073 arg1 use 1075:1077 their end use 1065:1077 their end use 1065:1077 The present study can be used for identifying differences between rice genotypes for starch and flour quality and could provide guidance to possible industries for their end use. 24679803 0 23 from rice 88:91 arg1 flours 66:71 flours 66:71 flours 66:71 Cultivar difference in physicochemical properties of starches and flours from temperate rice of Indian Himalayas. 24679803 0 23 from rice 88:91 arg1 starches 53:60 starches 53:60 starches 53:60 Cultivar difference in physicochemical properties of starches and flours from temperate rice of Indian Himalayas. 24679803 0 23 from rice 88:91 arg1 properties 39:48 physicochemical properties 23:48 physicochemical properties of starches and flours from temperate rice of Indian Himalayas 23:111 Cultivar difference in physicochemical properties of starches and flours from temperate rice of Indian Himalayas. 24679803 5 24 theme strong 712:717 arg1 reflection 719:728 strong reflection 712:728 strong reflection 712:728 The starch and flour samples showed type A-pattern with strong reflection at 15, 18, and 23. 24679803 1 25 theme swelling 288:295 arg1 power 297:301 swelling power 288:301 swelling power 288:301 Starch and flour of seven temperate rice cultivars grown in Himalayan region were evaluated for composition, granule structure, crystallinity, Raman spectrometry, turbidity, swelling power, solubility, pasting properties and textural properties. 24679803 4 26 theme granule 600:606 arg1 size 608:611 their mean granule size 589:611 their mean granule size (2.3-6.5 μm) 589:624 Rice starch showed polyhedral granule shapes and differences in their mean granule size (2.3-6.5 μm) were noted among the samples. 24679803 4 26 theme granule 600:606 arg1 μm 622:623 2.3-6.5 μm 614:623 2.3-6.5 μm 614:623 Rice starch showed polyhedral granule shapes and differences in their mean granule size (2.3-6.5 μm) were noted among the samples. 24679803 2 27 theme amylose 401:407 arg1 content 409:415 high amylose content 396:415 high amylose content 396:415 The rice cultivars showed medium to high amylose content for starch (24.69-32.76%) and flour (17.78-24.86%). 24679803 7 28 used used 926:929 arg2 study 913:917 The present study 901:917 The present study 901:917 The present study can be used for identifying differences between rice genotypes for starch and flour quality and could provide guidance to possible industries for their end use. 24679803 6 29 from variation 871:879 arg1 content 892:898 amylose content 884:898 amylose content 884:898 Pasting profile and textural analysis of rice starch and flour showed that all the cultivars differences, probably due to variation in amylose content. 24679803 6 30 theme textural 769:776 arg1 analysis 778:785 Pasting profile and textural analysis 749:785 analysis 778:785 Pasting profile and textural analysis of rice starch and flour showed that all the cultivars differences, probably due to variation in amylose content. 24679803 2 31 theme high 396:399 arg1 content 409:415 high amylose content 396:415 high amylose content 396:415 The rice cultivars showed medium to high amylose content for starch (24.69-32.76%) and flour (17.78-24.86%). 24679803 5 32 theme starch 660:665 arg1 samples 677:683 The starch and flour samples 656:683 The starch and flour samples 656:683 The starch and flour samples showed type A-pattern with strong reflection at 15, 18, and 23. 24679803 5 33 theme type 692:695 arg1 A-pattern 697:705 type A-pattern 692:705 type A-pattern 692:705 The starch and flour samples showed type A-pattern with strong reflection at 15, 18, and 23. 24679803 7 34 theme rice 967:970 arg1 genotypes 972:980 rice genotypes 967:980 rice genotypes 967:980 The present study can be used for identifying differences between rice genotypes for starch and flour quality and could provide guidance to possible industries for their end use. 24679803 0 35 theme starches 53:60 arg1 properties 39:48 physicochemical properties 23:48 physicochemical properties of starches and flours from temperate rice of Indian Himalayas 23:111 Cultivar difference in physicochemical properties of starches and flours from temperate rice of Indian Himalayas. 24679803 4 36 theme polyhedral 544:553 arg1 shapes 563:568 polyhedral granule shapes 544:568 polyhedral granule shapes 544:568 Rice starch showed polyhedral granule shapes and differences in their mean granule size (2.3-6.5 μm) were noted among the samples. 24679803 7 37 theme present 905:911 arg1 study 913:917 The present study 901:917 The present study 901:917 The present study can be used for identifying differences between rice genotypes for starch and flour quality and could provide guidance to possible industries for their end use. 24679803 6 38 theme Pasting 749:755 arg1 profile 757:763 Pasting profile and textural analysis 749:785 profile 757:763 Pasting profile and textural analysis of rice starch and flour showed that all the cultivars differences, probably due to variation in amylose content. 24679803 7 39 theme possible 1041:1048 arg1 industries 1050:1059 possible industries 1041:1059 possible industries 1041:1059 The present study can be used for identifying differences between rice genotypes for starch and flour quality and could provide guidance to possible industries for their end use. 24679803 3 40 theme highest 489:495 arg1 amylose 507:513 amylose 507:513 amylose 507:513 SKAU-382 showed the highest amount of amylose (32.76%). 24679803 3 40 theme highest 489:495 arg1 amount 497:502 the highest amount 485:502 the highest amount of amylose 485:513 SKAU-382 showed the highest amount of amylose (32.76%). 24679803 1 41 theme granule 223:229 arg1 structure 231:239 granule structure 223:239 granule structure 223:239 Starch and flour of seven temperate rice cultivars grown in Himalayan region were evaluated for composition, granule structure, crystallinity, Raman spectrometry, turbidity, swelling power, solubility, pasting properties and textural properties. 24679803 4 42 from differences 574:584 arg1 size 608:611 their mean granule size 589:611 their mean granule size (2.3-6.5 μm) 589:624 Rice starch showed polyhedral granule shapes and differences in their mean granule size (2.3-6.5 μm) were noted among the samples. 24679803 4 42 from differences 574:584 arg1 μm 622:623 2.3-6.5 μm 614:623 2.3-6.5 μm 614:623 Rice starch showed polyhedral granule shapes and differences in their mean granule size (2.3-6.5 μm) were noted among the samples. 24679803 4 43 theme mean 595:598 arg1 size 608:611 their mean granule size 589:611 their mean granule size (2.3-6.5 μm) 589:624 Rice starch showed polyhedral granule shapes and differences in their mean granule size (2.3-6.5 μm) were noted among the samples. 24679803 4 43 theme mean 595:598 arg1 μm 622:623 2.3-6.5 μm 614:623 2.3-6.5 μm 614:623 Rice starch showed polyhedral granule shapes and differences in their mean granule size (2.3-6.5 μm) were noted among the samples. 24679803 2 44 theme rice 364:367 arg1 cultivars 369:377 The rice cultivars 360:377 The rice cultivars 360:377 The rice cultivars showed medium to high amylose content for starch (24.69-32.76%) and flour (17.78-24.86%). 24679803 0 45 theme flours 66:71 arg1 properties 39:48 physicochemical properties 23:48 physicochemical properties of starches and flours from temperate rice of Indian Himalayas 23:111 Cultivar difference in physicochemical properties of starches and flours from temperate rice of Indian Himalayas. 24679803 1 46 theme pasting 316:322 arg1 properties 324:333 pasting properties 316:333 pasting properties 316:333 Starch and flour of seven temperate rice cultivars grown in Himalayan region were evaluated for composition, granule structure, crystallinity, Raman spectrometry, turbidity, swelling power, solubility, pasting properties and textural properties. 24679803 1 47 theme temperate 140:148 arg1 cultivars 155:163 seven temperate rice cultivars 134:163 seven temperate rice cultivars grown in Himalayan region 134:189 Starch and flour of seven temperate rice cultivars grown in Himalayan region were evaluated for composition, granule structure, crystallinity, Raman spectrometry, turbidity, swelling power, solubility, pasting properties and textural properties. 26726461 7 0 theme biological 1408:1417 arg1 properties 1419:1428 biological properties 1408:1428 biological properties of the cellulose-POSS-silica/titania hybrid material 1408:1481 In addition, biological properties of the cellulose-POSS-silica/titania hybrid material were examined using an antimicrobial test against pathogenic bacteria, such as Bacillus cereus (F481072) and E. coli (ATCC35150) for the bacterial effect. 26726461 6 1 theme hybrid 1054:1059 arg1 material 1061:1068 the synthesized hybrid material 1038:1068 the synthesized hybrid material 1038:1068 An analysis of the synthesized hybrid material by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy indicated that the silica/titania nanoparticles were bonded covalently and dispersed uniformly into the cellulose-POSS amine matrix. 26726461 4 2 theme in-situ 801:807 arg1 process 817:823 an in-situ sol-gel process 798:823 an in-situ sol-gel process in the presence of γ-aminopropyltrimethoxylsilane (γ-APTES) 798:883 Transparent cellulose-POSS-amine-silica/titania hybrids were prepared by an in-situ sol-gel process in the presence of γ-aminopropyltrimethoxylsilane (γ-APTES). 26726461 6 3 theme synthesized 1042:1052 arg1 material 1061:1068 the synthesized hybrid material 1038:1068 the synthesized hybrid material 1038:1068 An analysis of the synthesized hybrid material by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy indicated that the silica/titania nanoparticles were bonded covalently and dispersed uniformly into the cellulose-POSS amine matrix. 26726461 7 4 theme hybrid 1467:1472 arg1 material 1474:1481 the cellulose-POSS-silica/titania hybrid material 1433:1481 the cellulose-POSS-silica/titania hybrid material 1433:1481 In addition, biological properties of the cellulose-POSS-silica/titania hybrid material were examined using an antimicrobial test against pathogenic bacteria, such as Bacillus cereus (F481072) and E. coli (ATCC35150) for the bacterial effect. 26726461 6 5 dep Fourier 1073:1079 arg1 transform 1081:1089 transform 1081:1089 transform infrared spectroscopy 1081:1111 An analysis of the synthesized hybrid material by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy indicated that the silica/titania nanoparticles were bonded covalently and dispersed uniformly into the cellulose-POSS amine matrix. 26726461 6 6 theme thermal 1174:1180 arg1 calorimetry 1182:1192 differential thermal calorimetry 1161:1192 differential thermal calorimetry 1161:1192 An analysis of the synthesized hybrid material by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy indicated that the silica/titania nanoparticles were bonded covalently and dispersed uniformly into the cellulose-POSS amine matrix. 26726461 2 7 theme cellulose 308:316 arg1 properties 294:303 the pristine properties 281:303 the pristine properties of cellulose 281:316 Based on the pristine properties of cellulose, the preparation of cellulose-metal oxide hybrid nanocomposites using a dispersion process of nanoparticles into the cellulose host matrix by traditional methods, has limitations. 26726461 4 8 theme cellulose-POSS-amine-silica/titania 737:771 arg1 hybrids 773:779 Transparent cellulose-POSS-amine-silica/titania hybrids 725:779 Transparent cellulose-POSS-amine-silica/titania hybrids 725:779 Transparent cellulose-POSS-amine-silica/titania hybrids were prepared by an in-situ sol-gel process in the presence of γ-aminopropyltrimethoxylsilane (γ-APTES). 26726461 6 9 theme thermogravimetric 1133:1149 arg1 analysis 1151:1158 thermogravimetric analysis 1133:1158 thermogravimetric analysis 1133:1158 An analysis of the synthesized hybrid material by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy indicated that the silica/titania nanoparticles were bonded covalently and dispersed uniformly into the cellulose-POSS amine matrix. 26726461 6 10 theme X-ray 1114:1118 arg1 diffraction 1120:1130 X-ray diffraction 1114:1130 X-ray diffraction 1114:1130 An analysis of the synthesized hybrid material by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy indicated that the silica/titania nanoparticles were bonded covalently and dispersed uniformly into the cellulose-POSS amine matrix. 26726461 6 11 theme amine 1381:1385 arg1 matrix 1387:1392 the cellulose-POSS amine matrix 1362:1392 the cellulose-POSS amine matrix 1362:1392 An analysis of the synthesized hybrid material by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy indicated that the silica/titania nanoparticles were bonded covalently and dispersed uniformly into the cellulose-POSS amine matrix. 26726461 2 12 theme cellulose-metal 338:352 arg1 nanocomposites 367:380 cellulose-metal oxide hybrid nanocomposites 338:380 cellulose-metal oxide hybrid nanocomposites using a dispersion process of nanoparticles into the cellulose host matrix by traditional methods 338:478 Based on the pristine properties of cellulose, the preparation of cellulose-metal oxide hybrid nanocomposites using a dispersion process of nanoparticles into the cellulose host matrix by traditional methods, has limitations. 26726461 1 13 theme electrical 121:130 arg1 properties 150:159 The mechanical, thermal, optical, electrical and morphological properties 87:159 The mechanical, thermal, optical, electrical and morphological properties of cellulose, an excellent natural biomaterial, 87:207 The mechanical, thermal, optical, electrical and morphological properties of cellulose, an excellent natural biomaterial, can be improved by organic-inorganic hybrid composite methods. 26726461 2 14 contain has 481:483 arg1 preparation 323:333 the preparation 319:333 the preparation of cellulose-metal oxide hybrid nanocomposites using a dispersion process of nanoparticles into the cellulose host matrix by traditional methods 319:478 Based on the pristine properties of cellulose, the preparation of cellulose-metal oxide hybrid nanocomposites using a dispersion process of nanoparticles into the cellulose host matrix by traditional methods, has limitations. 26726461 2 14 contain has 481:483 arg2 limitations 485:495 limitations 485:495 limitations 485:495 Based on the pristine properties of cellulose, the preparation of cellulose-metal oxide hybrid nanocomposites using a dispersion process of nanoparticles into the cellulose host matrix by traditional methods, has limitations. 26726461 1 15 theme mechanical 91:100 arg1 properties 150:159 The mechanical, thermal, optical, electrical and morphological properties 87:159 The mechanical, thermal, optical, electrical and morphological properties of cellulose, an excellent natural biomaterial, 87:207 The mechanical, thermal, optical, electrical and morphological properties of cellulose, an excellent natural biomaterial, can be improved by organic-inorganic hybrid composite methods. 26726461 5 16 theme nanocomposite 999:1011 arg1 material 1013:1020 the cellulose-POSS amine and SiO2/TiO2 hybrid nanocomposite material 953:1020 material 1013:1020 The methodology involves the formation of covalent bonding between the cellulose-POSS amine and SiO2/TiO2 hybrid nanocomposite material. 26726461 1 17 theme excellent 178:186 arg1 biomaterial 196:206 an excellent natural biomaterial 175:206 an excellent natural biomaterial 175:206 The mechanical, thermal, optical, electrical and morphological properties of cellulose, an excellent natural biomaterial, can be improved by organic-inorganic hybrid composite methods. 26726461 1 17 theme excellent 178:186 arg1 cellulose 164:172 cellulose 164:172 cellulose 164:172 The mechanical, thermal, optical, electrical and morphological properties of cellulose, an excellent natural biomaterial, can be improved by organic-inorganic hybrid composite methods. 26726461 1 18 theme hybrid 246:251 arg1 methods 263:269 organic-inorganic hybrid composite methods 228:269 organic-inorganic hybrid composite methods 228:269 The mechanical, thermal, optical, electrical and morphological properties of cellulose, an excellent natural biomaterial, can be improved by organic-inorganic hybrid composite methods. 26726461 3 19 theme cellulose-polymer-based 527:549 arg1 class 596:600 an important class 583:600 an important class of high-performance materials 583:630 Recently, the functionalized cellulose-polymer-based materials were considered to be an important class of high-performance materials, providing the synthesis of various functional hybrid nanocomposites using a sol-gel method. 26726461 3 19 theme cellulose-polymer-based 527:549 arg1 materials 551:559 the functionalized cellulose-polymer-based materials 508:559 the functionalized cellulose-polymer-based materials 508:559 Recently, the functionalized cellulose-polymer-based materials were considered to be an important class of high-performance materials, providing the synthesis of various functional hybrid nanocomposites using a sol-gel method. 26726461 1 20 theme natural 188:194 arg1 biomaterial 196:206 an excellent natural biomaterial 175:206 an excellent natural biomaterial 175:206 The mechanical, thermal, optical, electrical and morphological properties of cellulose, an excellent natural biomaterial, can be improved by organic-inorganic hybrid composite methods. 26726461 1 20 theme natural 188:194 arg1 cellulose 164:172 cellulose 164:172 cellulose 164:172 The mechanical, thermal, optical, electrical and morphological properties of cellulose, an excellent natural biomaterial, can be improved by organic-inorganic hybrid composite methods. 26726461 4 21 theme Transparent 725:735 arg1 hybrids 773:779 Transparent cellulose-POSS-amine-silica/titania hybrids 725:779 Transparent cellulose-POSS-amine-silica/titania hybrids 725:779 Transparent cellulose-POSS-amine-silica/titania hybrids were prepared by an in-situ sol-gel process in the presence of γ-aminopropyltrimethoxylsilane (γ-APTES). 26726461 1 22 theme thermal 103:109 arg1 properties 150:159 The mechanical, thermal, optical, electrical and morphological properties 87:159 The mechanical, thermal, optical, electrical and morphological properties of cellulose, an excellent natural biomaterial, 87:207 The mechanical, thermal, optical, electrical and morphological properties of cellulose, an excellent natural biomaterial, can be improved by organic-inorganic hybrid composite methods. 26726461 6 23 theme transmission 1229:1240 arg1 microscopy 1251:1260 transmission electron microscopy 1229:1260 transmission electron microscopy 1229:1260 An analysis of the synthesized hybrid material by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy indicated that the silica/titania nanoparticles were bonded covalently and dispersed uniformly into the cellulose-POSS amine matrix. 26726461 2 24 theme nanoparticles 412:424 arg1 process 401:407 a dispersion process 388:407 a dispersion process of nanoparticles 388:424 Based on the pristine properties of cellulose, the preparation of cellulose-metal oxide hybrid nanocomposites using a dispersion process of nanoparticles into the cellulose host matrix by traditional methods, has limitations. 26726461 5 25 theme covalent 928:935 arg1 bonding 937:943 covalent bonding 928:943 covalent bonding between the cellulose-POSS amine and SiO2/TiO2 hybrid nanocomposite material 928:1020 The methodology involves the formation of covalent bonding between the cellulose-POSS amine and SiO2/TiO2 hybrid nanocomposite material. 26726461 5 26 theme SiO2/TiO2 982:990 arg1 material 1013:1020 the cellulose-POSS amine and SiO2/TiO2 hybrid nanocomposite material 953:1020 material 1013:1020 The methodology involves the formation of covalent bonding between the cellulose-POSS amine and SiO2/TiO2 hybrid nanocomposite material. 26726461 5 27 theme hybrid 992:997 arg1 material 1013:1020 the cellulose-POSS amine and SiO2/TiO2 hybrid nanocomposite material 953:1020 material 1013:1020 The methodology involves the formation of covalent bonding between the cellulose-POSS amine and SiO2/TiO2 hybrid nanocomposite material. 26726461 5 28 theme bonding 937:943 arg1 formation 915:923 the formation 911:923 the formation of covalent bonding between the cellulose-POSS amine and SiO2/TiO2 hybrid nanocomposite material 911:1020 The methodology involves the formation of covalent bonding between the cellulose-POSS amine and SiO2/TiO2 hybrid nanocomposite material. 26726461 6 29 theme electron 1242:1249 arg1 microscopy 1251:1260 transmission electron microscopy 1229:1260 transmission electron microscopy 1229:1260 An analysis of the synthesized hybrid material by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy indicated that the silica/titania nanoparticles were bonded covalently and dispersed uniformly into the cellulose-POSS amine matrix. 26726461 7 30 theme material 1474:1481 arg1 properties 1419:1428 biological properties 1408:1428 biological properties of the cellulose-POSS-silica/titania hybrid material 1408:1481 In addition, biological properties of the cellulose-POSS-silica/titania hybrid material were examined using an antimicrobial test against pathogenic bacteria, such as Bacillus cereus (F481072) and E. coli (ATCC35150) for the bacterial effect. 26726461 1 31 theme optical 112:118 arg1 properties 150:159 The mechanical, thermal, optical, electrical and morphological properties 87:159 The mechanical, thermal, optical, electrical and morphological properties of cellulose, an excellent natural biomaterial, 87:207 The mechanical, thermal, optical, electrical and morphological properties of cellulose, an excellent natural biomaterial, can be improved by organic-inorganic hybrid composite methods. 26726461 7 32 theme pathogenic 1533:1542 arg1 cereus 1571:1576 Bacillus cereus 1562:1576 Bacillus cereus (F481072) 1562:1586 In addition, biological properties of the cellulose-POSS-silica/titania hybrid material were examined using an antimicrobial test against pathogenic bacteria, such as Bacillus cereus (F481072) and E. coli (ATCC35150) for the bacterial effect. 26726461 7 32 theme pathogenic 1533:1542 arg1 bacteria 1544:1551 pathogenic bacteria 1533:1551 pathogenic bacteria 1533:1551 In addition, biological properties of the cellulose-POSS-silica/titania hybrid material were examined using an antimicrobial test against pathogenic bacteria, such as Bacillus cereus (F481072) and E. coli (ATCC35150) for the bacterial effect. 26726461 7 32 theme pathogenic 1533:1542 arg1 coli 1595:1598 E. coli 1592:1598 E. coli 1592:1598 In addition, biological properties of the cellulose-POSS-silica/titania hybrid material were examined using an antimicrobial test against pathogenic bacteria, such as Bacillus cereus (F481072) and E. coli (ATCC35150) for the bacterial effect. 26726461 2 33 theme traditional 460:470 arg1 methods 472:478 traditional methods 460:478 traditional methods 460:478 Based on the pristine properties of cellulose, the preparation of cellulose-metal oxide hybrid nanocomposites using a dispersion process of nanoparticles into the cellulose host matrix by traditional methods, has limitations. 26726461 6 34 theme cellulose-POSS 1366:1379 arg1 matrix 1387:1392 the cellulose-POSS amine matrix 1362:1392 the cellulose-POSS amine matrix 1362:1392 An analysis of the synthesized hybrid material by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy indicated that the silica/titania nanoparticles were bonded covalently and dispersed uniformly into the cellulose-POSS amine matrix. 26726461 6 35 theme differential 1161:1172 arg1 calorimetry 1182:1192 differential thermal calorimetry 1161:1192 differential thermal calorimetry 1161:1192 An analysis of the synthesized hybrid material by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy indicated that the silica/titania nanoparticles were bonded covalently and dispersed uniformly into the cellulose-POSS amine matrix. 26726461 3 36 theme materials 622:630 arg1 class 596:600 an important class 583:600 an important class of high-performance materials 583:630 Recently, the functionalized cellulose-polymer-based materials were considered to be an important class of high-performance materials, providing the synthesis of various functional hybrid nanocomposites using a sol-gel method. 26726461 3 36 theme materials 622:630 arg1 materials 551:559 the functionalized cellulose-polymer-based materials 508:559 the functionalized cellulose-polymer-based materials 508:559 Recently, the functionalized cellulose-polymer-based materials were considered to be an important class of high-performance materials, providing the synthesis of various functional hybrid nanocomposites using a sol-gel method. 26726461 5 37 theme cellulose-POSS 957:970 arg1 amine 972:976 the cellulose-POSS amine and SiO2/TiO2 hybrid nanocomposite material 953:1020 amine 972:976 The methodology involves the formation of covalent bonding between the cellulose-POSS amine and SiO2/TiO2 hybrid nanocomposite material. 26726461 0 38 theme POSS-SiO2/TiO2 53:66 arg1 Composites 75:84 Cellulose-Functionalized POSS-SiO2/TiO2 Hybrid Composites 28:84 Cellulose-Functionalized POSS-SiO2/TiO2 Hybrid Composites 28:84 Synthesis and Properties of Cellulose-Functionalized POSS-SiO2/TiO2 Hybrid Composites. 26726461 4 39 theme sol-gel 809:815 arg1 process 817:823 an in-situ sol-gel process 798:823 an in-situ sol-gel process in the presence of γ-aminopropyltrimethoxylsilane (γ-APTES) 798:883 Transparent cellulose-POSS-amine-silica/titania hybrids were prepared by an in-situ sol-gel process in the presence of γ-aminopropyltrimethoxylsilane (γ-APTES). 26726461 3 40 theme important 586:594 arg1 class 596:600 an important class 583:600 an important class of high-performance materials 583:630 Recently, the functionalized cellulose-polymer-based materials were considered to be an important class of high-performance materials, providing the synthesis of various functional hybrid nanocomposites using a sol-gel method. 26726461 3 40 theme important 586:594 arg1 materials 551:559 the functionalized cellulose-polymer-based materials 508:559 the functionalized cellulose-polymer-based materials 508:559 Recently, the functionalized cellulose-polymer-based materials were considered to be an important class of high-performance materials, providing the synthesis of various functional hybrid nanocomposites using a sol-gel method. 26726461 2 41 theme host 445:448 arg1 matrix 450:455 the cellulose host matrix 431:455 the cellulose host matrix by traditional methods 431:478 Based on the pristine properties of cellulose, the preparation of cellulose-metal oxide hybrid nanocomposites using a dispersion process of nanoparticles into the cellulose host matrix by traditional methods, has limitations. 26726461 0 42 theme Cellulose-Functionalized 28:51 arg1 Composites 75:84 Cellulose-Functionalized POSS-SiO2/TiO2 Hybrid Composites 28:84 Cellulose-Functionalized POSS-SiO2/TiO2 Hybrid Composites 28:84 Synthesis and Properties of Cellulose-Functionalized POSS-SiO2/TiO2 Hybrid Composites. 26726461 6 43 theme infrared 1091:1098 arg1 spectroscopy 1100:1111 infrared spectroscopy 1091:1111 infrared spectroscopy 1091:1111 An analysis of the synthesized hybrid material by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy indicated that the silica/titania nanoparticles were bonded covalently and dispersed uniformly into the cellulose-POSS amine matrix. 26726461 3 44 theme various 660:666 arg1 nanocomposites 686:699 various functional hybrid nanocomposites 660:699 various functional hybrid nanocomposites using a sol-gel method 660:722 Recently, the functionalized cellulose-polymer-based materials were considered to be an important class of high-performance materials, providing the synthesis of various functional hybrid nanocomposites using a sol-gel method. 26726461 2 45 theme cellulose 435:443 arg1 matrix 450:455 the cellulose host matrix 431:455 the cellulose host matrix by traditional methods 431:478 Based on the pristine properties of cellulose, the preparation of cellulose-metal oxide hybrid nanocomposites using a dispersion process of nanoparticles into the cellulose host matrix by traditional methods, has limitations. 26726461 0 46 theme Composites 75:84 arg1 Properties 14:23 Properties 14:23 Properties 14:23 Synthesis and Properties of Cellulose-Functionalized POSS-SiO2/TiO2 Hybrid Composites. 26726461 0 46 theme Composites 75:84 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis and Properties of Cellulose-Functionalized POSS-SiO2/TiO2 Hybrid Composites. 26726461 3 47 theme sol-gel 709:715 arg1 method 717:722 a sol-gel method 707:722 a sol-gel method 707:722 Recently, the functionalized cellulose-polymer-based materials were considered to be an important class of high-performance materials, providing the synthesis of various functional hybrid nanocomposites using a sol-gel method. 26726461 2 48 theme nanocomposites 367:380 arg1 preparation 323:333 the preparation 319:333 the preparation of cellulose-metal oxide hybrid nanocomposites using a dispersion process of nanoparticles into the cellulose host matrix by traditional methods 319:478 Based on the pristine properties of cellulose, the preparation of cellulose-metal oxide hybrid nanocomposites using a dispersion process of nanoparticles into the cellulose host matrix by traditional methods, has limitations. 26726461 0 49 theme Hybrid 68:73 arg1 Composites 75:84 Cellulose-Functionalized POSS-SiO2/TiO2 Hybrid Composites 28:84 Cellulose-Functionalized POSS-SiO2/TiO2 Hybrid Composites 28:84 Synthesis and Properties of Cellulose-Functionalized POSS-SiO2/TiO2 Hybrid Composites. 26726461 2 50 theme hybrid 360:365 arg1 nanocomposites 367:380 cellulose-metal oxide hybrid nanocomposites 338:380 cellulose-metal oxide hybrid nanocomposites using a dispersion process of nanoparticles into the cellulose host matrix by traditional methods 338:478 Based on the pristine properties of cellulose, the preparation of cellulose-metal oxide hybrid nanocomposites using a dispersion process of nanoparticles into the cellulose host matrix by traditional methods, has limitations. 26726461 3 51 theme nanocomposites 686:699 arg1 synthesis 647:655 the synthesis 643:655 the synthesis of various functional hybrid nanocomposites using a sol-gel method 643:722 Recently, the functionalized cellulose-polymer-based materials were considered to be an important class of high-performance materials, providing the synthesis of various functional hybrid nanocomposites using a sol-gel method. 26726461 7 52 theme bacterial 1620:1628 arg1 effect 1630:1635 the bacterial effect 1616:1635 the bacterial effect 1616:1635 In addition, biological properties of the cellulose-POSS-silica/titania hybrid material were examined using an antimicrobial test against pathogenic bacteria, such as Bacillus cereus (F481072) and E. coli (ATCC35150) for the bacterial effect. 26726461 1 53 theme morphological 136:148 arg1 properties 150:159 The mechanical, thermal, optical, electrical and morphological properties 87:159 The mechanical, thermal, optical, electrical and morphological properties of cellulose, an excellent natural biomaterial, 87:207 The mechanical, thermal, optical, electrical and morphological properties of cellulose, an excellent natural biomaterial, can be improved by organic-inorganic hybrid composite methods. 26726461 3 54 theme high-performance 605:620 arg1 materials 622:630 high-performance materials 605:630 high-performance materials 605:630 Recently, the functionalized cellulose-polymer-based materials were considered to be an important class of high-performance materials, providing the synthesis of various functional hybrid nanocomposites using a sol-gel method. 26726461 1 55 theme organic-inorganic 228:244 arg1 methods 263:269 organic-inorganic hybrid composite methods 228:269 organic-inorganic hybrid composite methods 228:269 The mechanical, thermal, optical, electrical and morphological properties of cellulose, an excellent natural biomaterial, can be improved by organic-inorganic hybrid composite methods. 26726461 2 56 theme pristine 285:292 arg1 properties 294:303 the pristine properties 281:303 the pristine properties of cellulose 281:316 Based on the pristine properties of cellulose, the preparation of cellulose-metal oxide hybrid nanocomposites using a dispersion process of nanoparticles into the cellulose host matrix by traditional methods, has limitations. 26726461 7 57 theme antimicrobial 1506:1518 arg1 test 1520:1523 an antimicrobial test 1503:1523 an antimicrobial test against pathogenic bacteria, such as Bacillus cereus (F481072) and E. coli (ATCC35150) for the bacterial effect 1503:1635 In addition, biological properties of the cellulose-POSS-silica/titania hybrid material were examined using an antimicrobial test against pathogenic bacteria, such as Bacillus cereus (F481072) and E. coli (ATCC35150) for the bacterial effect. 26726461 4 58 theme γ-aminopropyltrimethoxylsilane 844:873 arg1 presence 832:839 the presence 828:839 the presence of γ-aminopropyltrimethoxylsilane (γ-APTES) 828:883 Transparent cellulose-POSS-amine-silica/titania hybrids were prepared by an in-situ sol-gel process in the presence of γ-aminopropyltrimethoxylsilane (γ-APTES). 26726461 1 59 theme cellulose 164:172 arg1 properties 150:159 The mechanical, thermal, optical, electrical and morphological properties 87:159 The mechanical, thermal, optical, electrical and morphological properties of cellulose, an excellent natural biomaterial, 87:207 The mechanical, thermal, optical, electrical and morphological properties of cellulose, an excellent natural biomaterial, can be improved by organic-inorganic hybrid composite methods. 26726461 4 60 from process 817:823 arg1 presence 832:839 the presence 828:839 the presence of γ-aminopropyltrimethoxylsilane (γ-APTES) 828:883 Transparent cellulose-POSS-amine-silica/titania hybrids were prepared by an in-situ sol-gel process in the presence of γ-aminopropyltrimethoxylsilane (γ-APTES). 26726461 2 61 theme oxide 354:358 arg1 nanocomposites 367:380 cellulose-metal oxide hybrid nanocomposites 338:380 cellulose-metal oxide hybrid nanocomposites using a dispersion process of nanoparticles into the cellulose host matrix by traditional methods 338:478 Based on the pristine properties of cellulose, the preparation of cellulose-metal oxide hybrid nanocomposites using a dispersion process of nanoparticles into the cellulose host matrix by traditional methods, has limitations. 26726461 6 62 theme scanning 1195:1202 arg1 microscopy 1213:1222 scanning electron microscopy 1195:1222 scanning electron microscopy 1195:1222 An analysis of the synthesized hybrid material by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy indicated that the silica/titania nanoparticles were bonded covalently and dispersed uniformly into the cellulose-POSS amine matrix. 26726461 3 63 theme functional 668:677 arg1 nanocomposites 686:699 various functional hybrid nanocomposites 660:699 various functional hybrid nanocomposites using a sol-gel method 660:722 Recently, the functionalized cellulose-polymer-based materials were considered to be an important class of high-performance materials, providing the synthesis of various functional hybrid nanocomposites using a sol-gel method. 26726461 6 64 theme silica/titania 1281:1294 arg1 nanoparticles 1296:1308 the silica/titania nanoparticles 1277:1308 the silica/titania nanoparticles 1277:1308 An analysis of the synthesized hybrid material by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy indicated that the silica/titania nanoparticles were bonded covalently and dispersed uniformly into the cellulose-POSS amine matrix. 26726461 3 65 theme functionalized 512:525 arg1 class 596:600 an important class 583:600 an important class of high-performance materials 583:630 Recently, the functionalized cellulose-polymer-based materials were considered to be an important class of high-performance materials, providing the synthesis of various functional hybrid nanocomposites using a sol-gel method. 26726461 3 65 theme functionalized 512:525 arg1 materials 551:559 the functionalized cellulose-polymer-based materials 508:559 the functionalized cellulose-polymer-based materials 508:559 Recently, the functionalized cellulose-polymer-based materials were considered to be an important class of high-performance materials, providing the synthesis of various functional hybrid nanocomposites using a sol-gel method. 26726461 1 66 theme composite 253:261 arg1 methods 263:269 organic-inorganic hybrid composite methods 228:269 organic-inorganic hybrid composite methods 228:269 The mechanical, thermal, optical, electrical and morphological properties of cellulose, an excellent natural biomaterial, can be improved by organic-inorganic hybrid composite methods. 26726461 6 67 theme material 1061:1068 arg1 analysis 1151:1158 thermogravimetric analysis 1133:1158 thermogravimetric analysis 1133:1158 An analysis of the synthesized hybrid material by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy indicated that the silica/titania nanoparticles were bonded covalently and dispersed uniformly into the cellulose-POSS amine matrix. 26726461 6 67 theme material 1061:1068 arg1 microscopy 1213:1222 scanning electron microscopy 1195:1222 scanning electron microscopy 1195:1222 An analysis of the synthesized hybrid material by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy indicated that the silica/titania nanoparticles were bonded covalently and dispersed uniformly into the cellulose-POSS amine matrix. 26726461 6 67 theme material 1061:1068 arg1 diffraction 1120:1130 X-ray diffraction 1114:1130 X-ray diffraction 1114:1130 An analysis of the synthesized hybrid material by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy indicated that the silica/titania nanoparticles were bonded covalently and dispersed uniformly into the cellulose-POSS amine matrix. 26726461 6 67 theme material 1061:1068 arg1 analysis 1026:1033 An analysis 1023:1033 An analysis of the synthesized hybrid material by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy 1023:1111 An analysis of the synthesized hybrid material by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy indicated that the silica/titania nanoparticles were bonded covalently and dispersed uniformly into the cellulose-POSS amine matrix. 26726461 6 67 theme material 1061:1068 arg1 calorimetry 1182:1192 differential thermal calorimetry 1161:1192 differential thermal calorimetry 1161:1192 An analysis of the synthesized hybrid material by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy indicated that the silica/titania nanoparticles were bonded covalently and dispersed uniformly into the cellulose-POSS amine matrix. 26726461 6 67 theme material 1061:1068 arg1 microscopy 1251:1260 transmission electron microscopy 1229:1260 transmission electron microscopy 1229:1260 An analysis of the synthesized hybrid material by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy indicated that the silica/titania nanoparticles were bonded covalently and dispersed uniformly into the cellulose-POSS amine matrix. 26726461 3 68 theme hybrid 679:684 arg1 nanocomposites 686:699 various functional hybrid nanocomposites 660:699 various functional hybrid nanocomposites using a sol-gel method 660:722 Recently, the functionalized cellulose-polymer-based materials were considered to be an important class of high-performance materials, providing the synthesis of various functional hybrid nanocomposites using a sol-gel method. 26726461 2 69 theme dispersion 390:399 arg1 process 401:407 a dispersion process 388:407 a dispersion process of nanoparticles 388:424 Based on the pristine properties of cellulose, the preparation of cellulose-metal oxide hybrid nanocomposites using a dispersion process of nanoparticles into the cellulose host matrix by traditional methods, has limitations. 26726461 7 70 theme cellulose-POSS-silica/titania 1437:1465 arg1 material 1474:1481 the cellulose-POSS-silica/titania hybrid material 1433:1481 the cellulose-POSS-silica/titania hybrid material 1433:1481 In addition, biological properties of the cellulose-POSS-silica/titania hybrid material were examined using an antimicrobial test against pathogenic bacteria, such as Bacillus cereus (F481072) and E. coli (ATCC35150) for the bacterial effect. 26726461 6 71 theme electron 1204:1211 arg1 microscopy 1213:1222 scanning electron microscopy 1195:1222 scanning electron microscopy 1195:1222 An analysis of the synthesized hybrid material by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy indicated that the silica/titania nanoparticles were bonded covalently and dispersed uniformly into the cellulose-POSS amine matrix. 27261733 3 0 from properties 492:501 arg1 properties 636:645 dynamic mechanical properties 617:645 dynamic mechanical properties 617:645 The effect of the plasticizer type and the filler amount on the processing properties, the crystallization behavior and morphology developed for the materials, and the influence on thermal stability, dynamic mechanical properties and water absorption behavior were investigated. 27261733 3 0 from properties 492:501 arg1 stability 606:614 thermal stability 598:614 thermal stability 598:614 The effect of the plasticizer type and the filler amount on the processing properties, the crystallization behavior and morphology developed for the materials, and the influence on thermal stability, dynamic mechanical properties and water absorption behavior were investigated. 27261733 3 0 from properties 492:501 arg1 behavior 668:675 water absorption behavior 651:675 water absorption behavior 651:675 The effect of the plasticizer type and the filler amount on the processing properties, the crystallization behavior and morphology developed for the materials, and the influence on thermal stability, dynamic mechanical properties and water absorption behavior were investigated. 27261733 3 1 from influence 585:593 arg1 properties 636:645 dynamic mechanical properties 617:645 dynamic mechanical properties 617:645 The effect of the plasticizer type and the filler amount on the processing properties, the crystallization behavior and morphology developed for the materials, and the influence on thermal stability, dynamic mechanical properties and water absorption behavior were investigated. 27261733 3 1 from influence 585:593 arg1 stability 606:614 thermal stability 598:614 thermal stability 598:614 The effect of the plasticizer type and the filler amount on the processing properties, the crystallization behavior and morphology developed for the materials, and the influence on thermal stability, dynamic mechanical properties and water absorption behavior were investigated. 27261733 3 1 from influence 585:593 arg1 behavior 668:675 water absorption behavior 651:675 water absorption behavior 651:675 The effect of the plasticizer type and the filler amount on the processing properties, the crystallization behavior and morphology developed for the materials, and the influence on thermal stability, dynamic mechanical properties and water absorption behavior were investigated. 27261733 2 2 theme cellulose 406:414 arg1 amounts 378:384 various amounts 370:384 various amounts of microcrystalline cellulose 370:414 Biocomposites studied are wheat starch plasticized with two different molecular weight polyols (glycerol and sorbitol) and reinforced with various amounts of microcrystalline cellulose. 27261733 2 2 theme cellulose 406:414 arg1 cellulose 406:414 microcrystalline cellulose 389:414 microcrystalline cellulose 389:414 Biocomposites studied are wheat starch plasticized with two different molecular weight polyols (glycerol and sorbitol) and reinforced with various amounts of microcrystalline cellulose. 27261733 5 3 theme material 967:974 arg1 stiffness 924:932 stiffness 924:932 stiffness 924:932 The use of sorbitol as a plasticizer of starch also improved the stiffness and water uptake behavior of the material as well as its thermal stability. 27261733 5 3 theme material 967:974 arg1 behavior 951:958 water uptake behavior 938:958 water uptake behavior 938:958 The use of sorbitol as a plasticizer of starch also improved the stiffness and water uptake behavior of the material as well as its thermal stability. 27261733 6 4 theme plasticizer 1119:1129 arg1 type 1131:1134 the polyol plasticizer type 1108:1134 the polyol plasticizer type 1108:1134 Biodegradable starch-based materials with a wide variety of properties can be tailored by varying the polyol plasticizer type and/or by adding microcrystalline cellulose filler. 27261733 6 5 theme properties 1070:1079 arg1 properties 1070:1079 properties 1070:1079 properties 1070:1079 Biodegradable starch-based materials with a wide variety of properties can be tailored by varying the polyol plasticizer type and/or by adding microcrystalline cellulose filler. 27261733 6 5 theme properties 1070:1079 arg1 variety 1059:1065 a wide variety 1052:1065 a wide variety of properties 1052:1079 Biodegradable starch-based materials with a wide variety of properties can be tailored by varying the polyol plasticizer type and/or by adding microcrystalline cellulose filler. 27261733 3 6 theme dynamic 617:623 arg1 properties 636:645 dynamic mechanical properties 617:645 dynamic mechanical properties 617:645 The effect of the plasticizer type and the filler amount on the processing properties, the crystallization behavior and morphology developed for the materials, and the influence on thermal stability, dynamic mechanical properties and water absorption behavior were investigated. 27261733 3 7 theme thermal 598:604 arg1 stability 606:614 thermal stability 598:614 thermal stability 598:614 The effect of the plasticizer type and the filler amount on the processing properties, the crystallization behavior and morphology developed for the materials, and the influence on thermal stability, dynamic mechanical properties and water absorption behavior were investigated. 27261733 5 8 theme water 938:942 arg1 behavior 951:958 water uptake behavior 938:958 water uptake behavior 938:958 The use of sorbitol as a plasticizer of starch also improved the stiffness and water uptake behavior of the material as well as its thermal stability. 27261733 6 9 dep tailored 1088:1095 arg1 adding 1146:1151 adding 1146:1151 adding microcrystalline cellulose filler 1146:1185 Biodegradable starch-based materials with a wide variety of properties can be tailored by varying the polyol plasticizer type and/or by adding microcrystalline cellulose filler. 27261733 6 9 dep tailored 1088:1095 arg1 varying 1100:1106 varying 1100:1106 varying the polyol plasticizer type 1100:1134 Biodegradable starch-based materials with a wide variety of properties can be tailored by varying the polyol plasticizer type and/or by adding microcrystalline cellulose filler. 27261733 4 10 theme humidity 824:831 arg1 absorption 833:842 humidity absorption 824:842 humidity absorption 824:842 Addition of microcrystalline cellulose led to composites with good filler-matrix adhesion where the stiffness and resistance to humidity absorption were improved. 27261733 3 11 theme processing 481:490 arg1 properties 492:501 the processing properties 477:501 the processing properties 477:501 The effect of the plasticizer type and the filler amount on the processing properties, the crystallization behavior and morphology developed for the materials, and the influence on thermal stability, dynamic mechanical properties and water absorption behavior were investigated. 27261733 5 12 theme uptake 944:949 arg1 behavior 951:958 water uptake behavior 938:958 water uptake behavior 938:958 The use of sorbitol as a plasticizer of starch also improved the stiffness and water uptake behavior of the material as well as its thermal stability. 27261733 3 13 theme plasticizer 435:445 arg1 type 447:450 the plasticizer type 431:450 the plasticizer type 431:450 The effect of the plasticizer type and the filler amount on the processing properties, the crystallization behavior and morphology developed for the materials, and the influence on thermal stability, dynamic mechanical properties and water absorption behavior were investigated. 27261733 6 14 theme cellulose 1170:1178 arg1 filler 1180:1185 microcrystalline cellulose filler 1153:1185 microcrystalline cellulose filler 1153:1185 Biodegradable starch-based materials with a wide variety of properties can be tailored by varying the polyol plasticizer type and/or by adding microcrystalline cellulose filler. 27261733 3 15 from morphology 537:546 arg1 properties 636:645 dynamic mechanical properties 617:645 dynamic mechanical properties 617:645 The effect of the plasticizer type and the filler amount on the processing properties, the crystallization behavior and morphology developed for the materials, and the influence on thermal stability, dynamic mechanical properties and water absorption behavior were investigated. 27261733 3 15 from morphology 537:546 arg1 stability 606:614 thermal stability 598:614 thermal stability 598:614 The effect of the plasticizer type and the filler amount on the processing properties, the crystallization behavior and morphology developed for the materials, and the influence on thermal stability, dynamic mechanical properties and water absorption behavior were investigated. 27261733 3 15 from morphology 537:546 arg1 behavior 668:675 water absorption behavior 651:675 water absorption behavior 651:675 The effect of the plasticizer type and the filler amount on the processing properties, the crystallization behavior and morphology developed for the materials, and the influence on thermal stability, dynamic mechanical properties and water absorption behavior were investigated. 27261733 1 16 theme suitable 120:127 arg1 Biocomposites 106:118 Biocomposites 106:118 Biocomposites suitable for short-life applications such as food packaging 106:178 Biocomposites suitable for short-life applications such as food packaging were prepared by melt processing and investigated. 27261733 2 17 dep polyols 318:324 arg1 sorbitol 340:347 sorbitol 340:347 sorbitol 340:347 Biocomposites studied are wheat starch plasticized with two different molecular weight polyols (glycerol and sorbitol) and reinforced with various amounts of microcrystalline cellulose. 27261733 2 17 dep polyols 318:324 arg1 glycerol 327:334 glycerol 327:334 glycerol 327:334 Biocomposites studied are wheat starch plasticized with two different molecular weight polyols (glycerol and sorbitol) and reinforced with various amounts of microcrystalline cellulose. 27261733 2 17 dep polyols 318:324 arg1 polyols 318:324 two different molecular weight polyols 287:324 two different molecular weight polyols (glycerol and sorbitol) 287:348 Biocomposites studied are wheat starch plasticized with two different molecular weight polyols (glycerol and sorbitol) and reinforced with various amounts of microcrystalline cellulose. 27261733 3 18 theme type 447:450 arg1 effect 421:426 The effect 417:426 The effect of the plasticizer type and the filler amount on the processing properties, the crystallization behavior and morphology developed for the materials, and the influence on thermal stability, dynamic mechanical properties and water absorption behavior 417:675 The effect of the plasticizer type and the filler amount on the processing properties, the crystallization behavior and morphology developed for the materials, and the influence on thermal stability, dynamic mechanical properties and water absorption behavior were investigated. 27261733 3 19 theme mechanical 625:634 arg1 properties 636:645 dynamic mechanical properties 617:645 dynamic mechanical properties 617:645 The effect of the plasticizer type and the filler amount on the processing properties, the crystallization behavior and morphology developed for the materials, and the influence on thermal stability, dynamic mechanical properties and water absorption behavior were investigated. 27261733 5 20 theme starch 899:904 arg1 plasticizer 884:894 a plasticizer 882:894 a plasticizer of starch 882:904 The use of sorbitol as a plasticizer of starch also improved the stiffness and water uptake behavior of the material as well as its thermal stability. 27261733 6 21 theme wide 1054:1057 arg1 properties 1070:1079 properties 1070:1079 properties 1070:1079 Biodegradable starch-based materials with a wide variety of properties can be tailored by varying the polyol plasticizer type and/or by adding microcrystalline cellulose filler. 27261733 6 21 theme wide 1054:1057 arg1 variety 1059:1065 a wide variety 1052:1065 a wide variety of properties 1052:1079 Biodegradable starch-based materials with a wide variety of properties can be tailored by varying the polyol plasticizer type and/or by adding microcrystalline cellulose filler. 27261733 5 22 theme stability 999:1007 arg1 stiffness 924:932 stiffness 924:932 stiffness 924:932 The use of sorbitol as a plasticizer of starch also improved the stiffness and water uptake behavior of the material as well as its thermal stability. 27261733 5 22 theme stability 999:1007 arg1 behavior 951:958 water uptake behavior 938:958 water uptake behavior 938:958 The use of sorbitol as a plasticizer of starch also improved the stiffness and water uptake behavior of the material as well as its thermal stability. 27261733 1 23 theme short-life 133:142 arg1 packaging 170:178 food packaging 165:178 food packaging 165:178 Biocomposites suitable for short-life applications such as food packaging were prepared by melt processing and investigated. 27261733 1 23 theme short-life 133:142 arg1 applications 144:155 short-life applications 133:155 short-life applications such as food packaging 133:178 Biocomposites suitable for short-life applications such as food packaging were prepared by melt processing and investigated. 27261733 3 24 theme crystallization 508:522 arg1 behavior 524:531 crystallization behavior 508:531 crystallization behavior 508:531 The effect of the plasticizer type and the filler amount on the processing properties, the crystallization behavior and morphology developed for the materials, and the influence on thermal stability, dynamic mechanical properties and water absorption behavior were investigated. 27261733 1 25 theme melt 197:200 arg1 processing 202:211 melt processing 197:211 melt processing 197:211 Biocomposites suitable for short-life applications such as food packaging were prepared by melt processing and investigated. 27261733 2 26 dep starch 263:268 arg1 reinforced 354:363 reinforced 354:363 reinforced with various amounts of microcrystalline cellulose 354:414 Biocomposites studied are wheat starch plasticized with two different molecular weight polyols (glycerol and sorbitol) and reinforced with various amounts of microcrystalline cellulose. 27261733 2 26 dep starch 263:268 arg1 plasticized 270:280 plasticized 270:280 plasticized with two different molecular weight polyols (glycerol and sorbitol) 270:348 Biocomposites studied are wheat starch plasticized with two different molecular weight polyols (glycerol and sorbitol) and reinforced with various amounts of microcrystalline cellulose. 27261733 3 27 theme filler 460:465 arg1 amount 467:472 the filler amount 456:472 the filler amount 456:472 The effect of the plasticizer type and the filler amount on the processing properties, the crystallization behavior and morphology developed for the materials, and the influence on thermal stability, dynamic mechanical properties and water absorption behavior were investigated. 27261733 4 28 with composites 742:751 arg1 adhesion 777:784 good filler-matrix adhesion 758:784 good filler-matrix adhesion 758:784 Addition of microcrystalline cellulose led to composites with good filler-matrix adhesion where the stiffness and resistance to humidity absorption were improved. 27261733 3 29 theme water 651:655 arg1 behavior 668:675 water absorption behavior 651:675 water absorption behavior 651:675 The effect of the plasticizer type and the filler amount on the processing properties, the crystallization behavior and morphology developed for the materials, and the influence on thermal stability, dynamic mechanical properties and water absorption behavior were investigated. 27261733 4 30 theme cellulose 725:733 arg1 Addition 696:703 Addition 696:703 Addition of microcrystalline cellulose 696:733 Addition of microcrystalline cellulose led to composites with good filler-matrix adhesion where the stiffness and resistance to humidity absorption were improved. 27261733 3 31 theme amount 467:472 arg1 effect 421:426 The effect 417:426 The effect of the plasticizer type and the filler amount on the processing properties, the crystallization behavior and morphology developed for the materials, and the influence on thermal stability, dynamic mechanical properties and water absorption behavior 417:675 The effect of the plasticizer type and the filler amount on the processing properties, the crystallization behavior and morphology developed for the materials, and the influence on thermal stability, dynamic mechanical properties and water absorption behavior were investigated. 27261733 0 32 theme polyols 35:41 arg1 characterization 15:30 characterization 15:30 characterization 15:30 Processing and characterization of polyols plasticized-starch reinforced with microcrystalline cellulose. 27261733 0 32 theme polyols 35:41 arg1 Processing 0:9 Processing 0:9 Processing 0:9 Processing and characterization of polyols plasticized-starch reinforced with microcrystalline cellulose. 27261733 3 33 theme absorption 657:666 arg1 behavior 668:675 water absorption behavior 651:675 water absorption behavior 651:675 The effect of the plasticizer type and the filler amount on the processing properties, the crystallization behavior and morphology developed for the materials, and the influence on thermal stability, dynamic mechanical properties and water absorption behavior were investigated. 27261733 4 34 theme microcrystalline 708:723 arg1 cellulose 725:733 microcrystalline cellulose 708:733 microcrystalline cellulose 708:733 Addition of microcrystalline cellulose led to composites with good filler-matrix adhesion where the stiffness and resistance to humidity absorption were improved. 27261733 6 35 theme starch-based 1024:1035 arg1 materials 1037:1045 Biodegradable starch-based materials 1010:1045 Biodegradable starch-based materials with a wide variety of properties 1010:1079 Biodegradable starch-based materials with a wide variety of properties can be tailored by varying the polyol plasticizer type and/or by adding microcrystalline cellulose filler. 27261733 3 36 from effect 421:426 arg1 properties 492:501 the processing properties 477:501 the processing properties 477:501 The effect of the plasticizer type and the filler amount on the processing properties, the crystallization behavior and morphology developed for the materials, and the influence on thermal stability, dynamic mechanical properties and water absorption behavior were investigated. 27261733 3 36 from effect 421:426 arg1 influence 585:593 the influence 581:593 the influence on thermal stability, dynamic mechanical properties and water absorption behavior 581:675 The effect of the plasticizer type and the filler amount on the processing properties, the crystallization behavior and morphology developed for the materials, and the influence on thermal stability, dynamic mechanical properties and water absorption behavior were investigated. 27261733 3 36 from effect 421:426 arg1 behavior 524:531 crystallization behavior 508:531 crystallization behavior 508:531 The effect of the plasticizer type and the filler amount on the processing properties, the crystallization behavior and morphology developed for the materials, and the influence on thermal stability, dynamic mechanical properties and water absorption behavior were investigated. 27261733 2 37 theme microcrystalline 389:404 arg1 cellulose 406:414 microcrystalline cellulose 389:414 microcrystalline cellulose 389:414 Biocomposites studied are wheat starch plasticized with two different molecular weight polyols (glycerol and sorbitol) and reinforced with various amounts of microcrystalline cellulose. 27261733 6 38 theme Biodegradable 1010:1022 arg1 materials 1037:1045 Biodegradable starch-based materials 1010:1045 Biodegradable starch-based materials with a wide variety of properties 1010:1079 Biodegradable starch-based materials with a wide variety of properties can be tailored by varying the polyol plasticizer type and/or by adding microcrystalline cellulose filler. 27261733 2 39 theme wheat 257:261 arg1 starch 263:268 wheat starch 257:268 wheat starch plasticized with two different molecular weight polyols (glycerol and sorbitol) and reinforced with various amounts of microcrystalline cellulose 257:414 Biocomposites studied are wheat starch plasticized with two different molecular weight polyols (glycerol and sorbitol) and reinforced with various amounts of microcrystalline cellulose. 27261733 2 39 theme wheat 257:261 arg1 Biocomposites 231:243 Biocomposites 231:243 Biocomposites studied 231:251 Biocomposites studied are wheat starch plasticized with two different molecular weight polyols (glycerol and sorbitol) and reinforced with various amounts of microcrystalline cellulose. 27261733 3 40 dep behavior 524:531 arg1 the 504:506 the 504:506 the 504:506 The effect of the plasticizer type and the filler amount on the processing properties, the crystallization behavior and morphology developed for the materials, and the influence on thermal stability, dynamic mechanical properties and water absorption behavior were investigated. 27261733 5 41 dep stiffness 924:932 arg1 the 920:922 the 920:922 the 920:922 The use of sorbitol as a plasticizer of starch also improved the stiffness and water uptake behavior of the material as well as its thermal stability. 27261733 5 42 theme sorbitol 870:877 arg1 use 863:865 The use 859:865 The use of sorbitol as a plasticizer of starch 859:904 The use of sorbitol as a plasticizer of starch also improved the stiffness and water uptake behavior of the material as well as its thermal stability. 27261733 3 43 from behavior 524:531 arg1 properties 636:645 dynamic mechanical properties 617:645 dynamic mechanical properties 617:645 The effect of the plasticizer type and the filler amount on the processing properties, the crystallization behavior and morphology developed for the materials, and the influence on thermal stability, dynamic mechanical properties and water absorption behavior were investigated. 27261733 3 43 from behavior 524:531 arg1 stability 606:614 thermal stability 598:614 thermal stability 598:614 The effect of the plasticizer type and the filler amount on the processing properties, the crystallization behavior and morphology developed for the materials, and the influence on thermal stability, dynamic mechanical properties and water absorption behavior were investigated. 27261733 3 43 from behavior 524:531 arg1 behavior 668:675 water absorption behavior 651:675 water absorption behavior 651:675 The effect of the plasticizer type and the filler amount on the processing properties, the crystallization behavior and morphology developed for the materials, and the influence on thermal stability, dynamic mechanical properties and water absorption behavior were investigated. 27261733 1 44 theme food 165:168 arg1 packaging 170:178 food packaging 165:178 food packaging 165:178 Biocomposites suitable for short-life applications such as food packaging were prepared by melt processing and investigated. 27261733 6 45 with materials 1037:1045 arg1 properties 1070:1079 properties 1070:1079 properties 1070:1079 Biodegradable starch-based materials with a wide variety of properties can be tailored by varying the polyol plasticizer type and/or by adding microcrystalline cellulose filler. 27261733 6 45 with materials 1037:1045 arg1 variety 1059:1065 a wide variety 1052:1065 a wide variety of properties 1052:1079 Biodegradable starch-based materials with a wide variety of properties can be tailored by varying the polyol plasticizer type and/or by adding microcrystalline cellulose filler. 27261733 2 46 theme weight 311:316 arg1 sorbitol 340:347 sorbitol 340:347 sorbitol 340:347 Biocomposites studied are wheat starch plasticized with two different molecular weight polyols (glycerol and sorbitol) and reinforced with various amounts of microcrystalline cellulose. 27261733 2 46 theme weight 311:316 arg1 glycerol 327:334 glycerol 327:334 glycerol 327:334 Biocomposites studied are wheat starch plasticized with two different molecular weight polyols (glycerol and sorbitol) and reinforced with various amounts of microcrystalline cellulose. 27261733 2 46 theme weight 311:316 arg1 polyols 318:324 two different molecular weight polyols 287:324 two different molecular weight polyols (glycerol and sorbitol) 287:348 Biocomposites studied are wheat starch plasticized with two different molecular weight polyols (glycerol and sorbitol) and reinforced with various amounts of microcrystalline cellulose. 27261733 2 47 theme various 370:376 arg1 amounts 378:384 various amounts 370:384 various amounts of microcrystalline cellulose 370:414 Biocomposites studied are wheat starch plasticized with two different molecular weight polyols (glycerol and sorbitol) and reinforced with various amounts of microcrystalline cellulose. 27261733 2 47 theme various 370:376 arg1 cellulose 406:414 microcrystalline cellulose 389:414 microcrystalline cellulose 389:414 Biocomposites studied are wheat starch plasticized with two different molecular weight polyols (glycerol and sorbitol) and reinforced with various amounts of microcrystalline cellulose. 27261733 5 48 theme thermal 991:997 arg1 stability 999:1007 its thermal stability 987:1007 the material as well as its thermal stability 963:1007 The use of sorbitol as a plasticizer of starch also improved the stiffness and water uptake behavior of the material as well as its thermal stability. 27261733 6 49 theme polyol 1112:1117 arg1 type 1131:1134 the polyol plasticizer type 1108:1134 the polyol plasticizer type 1108:1134 Biodegradable starch-based materials with a wide variety of properties can be tailored by varying the polyol plasticizer type and/or by adding microcrystalline cellulose filler. 27261733 2 50 theme molecular 301:309 arg1 sorbitol 340:347 sorbitol 340:347 sorbitol 340:347 Biocomposites studied are wheat starch plasticized with two different molecular weight polyols (glycerol and sorbitol) and reinforced with various amounts of microcrystalline cellulose. 27261733 2 50 theme molecular 301:309 arg1 glycerol 327:334 glycerol 327:334 glycerol 327:334 Biocomposites studied are wheat starch plasticized with two different molecular weight polyols (glycerol and sorbitol) and reinforced with various amounts of microcrystalline cellulose. 27261733 2 50 theme molecular 301:309 arg1 polyols 318:324 two different molecular weight polyols 287:324 two different molecular weight polyols (glycerol and sorbitol) 287:348 Biocomposites studied are wheat starch plasticized with two different molecular weight polyols (glycerol and sorbitol) and reinforced with various amounts of microcrystalline cellulose. 27261733 4 51 theme filler-matrix 763:775 arg1 adhesion 777:784 good filler-matrix adhesion 758:784 good filler-matrix adhesion 758:784 Addition of microcrystalline cellulose led to composites with good filler-matrix adhesion where the stiffness and resistance to humidity absorption were improved. 27261733 6 52 theme microcrystalline 1153:1168 arg1 cellulose 1170:1178 microcrystalline cellulose 1153:1178 microcrystalline cellulose filler 1153:1185 Biodegradable starch-based materials with a wide variety of properties can be tailored by varying the polyol plasticizer type and/or by adding microcrystalline cellulose filler. 27261733 0 53 theme microcrystalline 78:93 arg1 cellulose 95:103 microcrystalline cellulose 78:103 microcrystalline cellulose 78:103 Processing and characterization of polyols plasticized-starch reinforced with microcrystalline cellulose. 27261733 2 54 theme different 291:299 arg1 sorbitol 340:347 sorbitol 340:347 sorbitol 340:347 Biocomposites studied are wheat starch plasticized with two different molecular weight polyols (glycerol and sorbitol) and reinforced with various amounts of microcrystalline cellulose. 27261733 2 54 theme different 291:299 arg1 glycerol 327:334 glycerol 327:334 glycerol 327:334 Biocomposites studied are wheat starch plasticized with two different molecular weight polyols (glycerol and sorbitol) and reinforced with various amounts of microcrystalline cellulose. 27261733 2 54 theme different 291:299 arg1 polyols 318:324 two different molecular weight polyols 287:324 two different molecular weight polyols (glycerol and sorbitol) 287:348 Biocomposites studied are wheat starch plasticized with two different molecular weight polyols (glycerol and sorbitol) and reinforced with various amounts of microcrystalline cellulose. 27261733 4 55 theme good 758:761 arg1 adhesion 777:784 good filler-matrix adhesion 758:784 good filler-matrix adhesion 758:784 Addition of microcrystalline cellulose led to composites with good filler-matrix adhesion where the stiffness and resistance to humidity absorption were improved. 28916379 5 0 dep polymer-blend 710:722 arg1 GG 725:726 GG 725:726 GG:CFG 725:730 These quality attributes were remarkably influenced by polymer-blend (GG:CFG) ratios, cross-linker types and CS inclusion. 28916379 4 1 dep efficiency 578:587 arg1 DEE 590:592 DEE 590:592 DEE 590:592 All the formulations demonstrated excellent drug encapsulation efficiency (DEE, 48-97%) and sustained drug release behaviour (Q8h, 62-94%). 28916379 4 1 dep efficiency 578:587 arg1 % 600:600 48-97% 595:600 48-97% 595:600 All the formulations demonstrated excellent drug encapsulation efficiency (DEE, 48-97%) and sustained drug release behaviour (Q8h, 62-94%). 28916379 1 2 theme GLI 255:257 arg1 delivery 260:267 controlled glimepiride (GLI) delivery 231:267 controlled glimepiride (GLI) delivery 231:267 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate (CS) composite beads were developed for controlled glimepiride (GLI) delivery. 28916379 5 3 theme CS 764:765 arg1 inclusion 767:775 CS inclusion 764:775 CS inclusion 764:775 These quality attributes were remarkably influenced by polymer-blend (GG:CFG) ratios, cross-linker types and CS inclusion. 28916379 4 4 theme excellent 549:557 arg1 efficiency 578:587 excellent drug encapsulation efficiency 549:587 excellent drug encapsulation efficiency (DEE, 48-97%) 549:601 All the formulations demonstrated excellent drug encapsulation efficiency (DEE, 48-97%) and sustained drug release behaviour (Q8h, 62-94%). 28916379 6 5 theme formulation 820:830 arg1 profile 795:801 The drug release profile 778:801 The drug release profile of the optimized formulation (F-6) 778:836 The drug release profile of the optimized formulation (F-6) was best fitted in zero-order model with anomalous diffusion driven mechanism. 28916379 9 6 theme developed 1202:1210 arg1 matrices 1219:1226 the developed hybrid matrices 1198:1226 the developed hybrid matrices 1198:1226 Thus, the developed hybrid matrices are appropriate for controlled delivery of GLI for Type 2 diabetes management. 28916379 9 6 theme developed 1202:1210 arg1 appropriate 1232:1242 appropriate 1232:1242 appropriate 1232:1242 Thus, the developed hybrid matrices are appropriate for controlled delivery of GLI for Type 2 diabetes management. 28916379 2 7 theme FTIR 355:358 arg1 analyses 373:380 FTIR, DSC and XRD analyses 355:380 FTIR, DSC and XRD analyses 355:380 CFG having degree of carboxymethylation of 0.71 was synthesized and characterized by FTIR, DSC and XRD analyses. 28916379 6 8 theme anomalous 879:887 arg1 diffusion 889:897 anomalous diffusion 879:897 anomalous diffusion driven mechanism 879:914 The drug release profile of the optimized formulation (F-6) was best fitted in zero-order model with anomalous diffusion driven mechanism. 28916379 5 9 theme quality 661:667 arg1 attributes 669:678 These quality attributes 655:678 These quality attributes 655:678 These quality attributes were remarkably influenced by polymer-blend (GG:CFG) ratios, cross-linker types and CS inclusion. 28916379 7 10 theme mucoadhesive 953:964 arg1 property 966:973 excellent ex vivo mucoadhesive property 935:973 excellent ex vivo mucoadhesive property 935:973 It also conferred excellent ex vivo mucoadhesive property and considerable hypoglycemic effect in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 28916379 2 11 theme carboxymethylation 291:308 arg1 degree 281:286 CFG having degree 270:286 CFG having degree of carboxymethylation of 0.71 270:316 CFG having degree of carboxymethylation of 0.71 was synthesized and characterized by FTIR, DSC and XRD analyses. 28916379 4 12 theme drug 617:620 arg1 behaviour 630:638 sustained drug release behaviour 607:638 sustained drug release behaviour (Q8h, 62-94%) 607:652 All the formulations demonstrated excellent drug encapsulation efficiency (DEE, 48-97%) and sustained drug release behaviour (Q8h, 62-94%). 28916379 9 13 theme management 1295:1304 arg1 delivery 1259:1266 controlled delivery 1248:1266 controlled delivery of GLI for Type 2 diabetes management 1248:1304 Thus, the developed hybrid matrices are appropriate for controlled delivery of GLI for Type 2 diabetes management. 28916379 7 14 theme excellent 935:943 arg1 property 966:973 excellent ex vivo mucoadhesive property 935:973 excellent ex vivo mucoadhesive property 935:973 It also conferred excellent ex vivo mucoadhesive property and considerable hypoglycemic effect in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 28916379 4 15 theme sustained 607:615 arg1 behaviour 630:638 sustained drug release behaviour 607:638 sustained drug release behaviour (Q8h, 62-94%) 607:652 All the formulations demonstrated excellent drug encapsulation efficiency (DEE, 48-97%) and sustained drug release behaviour (Q8h, 62-94%). 28916379 6 16 theme release 787:793 arg1 profile 795:801 The drug release profile 778:801 The drug release profile of the optimized formulation (F-6) 778:836 The drug release profile of the optimized formulation (F-6) was best fitted in zero-order model with anomalous diffusion driven mechanism. 28916379 2 17 theme having 274:279 arg1 degree 281:286 CFG having degree 270:286 CFG having degree of carboxymethylation of 0.71 270:316 CFG having degree of carboxymethylation of 0.71 was synthesized and characterized by FTIR, DSC and XRD analyses. 28916379 1 18 theme silicate 182:189 arg1 beads 206:210 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate (CS) composite beads 108:210 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate (CS) composite beads 108:210 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate (CS) composite beads were developed for controlled glimepiride (GLI) delivery. 28916379 6 19 theme zero-order 857:866 arg1 model 868:872 zero-order model 857:872 zero-order model 857:872 The drug release profile of the optimized formulation (F-6) was best fitted in zero-order model with anomalous diffusion driven mechanism. 28916379 6 20 theme drug 782:785 arg1 profile 795:801 The drug release profile 778:801 The drug release profile of the optimized formulation (F-6) 778:836 The drug release profile of the optimized formulation (F-6) was best fitted in zero-order model with anomalous diffusion driven mechanism. 28916379 1 21 theme Novel 108:112 arg1 CS 192:193 CS 192:193 CS 192:193 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate (CS) composite beads were developed for controlled glimepiride (GLI) delivery. 28916379 1 21 theme Novel 108:112 arg1 silicate 182:189 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate 108:189 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate (CS) composite beads 108:210 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate (CS) composite beads were developed for controlled glimepiride (GLI) delivery. 28916379 3 22 theme gelation 448:455 arg1 technique 457:465 ionotropic gelation technique 437:465 ionotropic gelation technique employing Ca+2/Zn+2/Al+3 ions as cross-linkers 437:512 Subsequently, GLI-loaded hybrids were accomplished by ionotropic gelation technique employing Ca+2/Zn+2/Al+3 ions as cross-linkers. 28916379 0 23 theme fenugreek 14:22 arg1 gum-calcium 45:55 Carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan-gellan gum-calcium 0:55 Carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan-gellan gum-calcium 0:55 Carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan-gellan gum-calcium silicate composite beads for glimepiride delivery. 28916379 8 24 theme surface 1172:1178 arg1 morphology 1180:1189 surface morphology 1172:1189 surface morphology 1172:1189 Furthermore, the beads were characterized for drug-excipients compatibility, drug crystallinity, thermal behaviour and surface morphology. 28916379 2 25 theme 0.71 313:316 arg1 carboxymethylation 291:308 carboxymethylation 291:308 carboxymethylation of 0.71 291:316 CFG having degree of carboxymethylation of 0.71 was synthesized and characterized by FTIR, DSC and XRD analyses. 28916379 1 26 theme carboxymethyl 114:126 arg1 CS 192:193 CS 192:193 CS 192:193 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate (CS) composite beads were developed for controlled glimepiride (GLI) delivery. 28916379 1 26 theme carboxymethyl 114:126 arg1 silicate 182:189 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate 108:189 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate (CS) composite beads 108:210 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate (CS) composite beads were developed for controlled glimepiride (GLI) delivery. 28916379 8 27 theme drug 1130:1133 arg1 crystallinity 1135:1147 drug crystallinity 1130:1147 drug crystallinity 1130:1147 Furthermore, the beads were characterized for drug-excipients compatibility, drug crystallinity, thermal behaviour and surface morphology. 28916379 0 28 theme Carboxymethyl 0:12 arg1 gum-calcium 45:55 Carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan-gellan gum-calcium 0:55 Carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan-gellan gum-calcium 0:55 Carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan-gellan gum-calcium silicate composite beads for glimepiride delivery. 28916379 9 29 theme controlled 1248:1257 arg1 delivery 1259:1266 controlled delivery 1248:1266 controlled delivery of GLI for Type 2 diabetes management 1248:1304 Thus, the developed hybrid matrices are appropriate for controlled delivery of GLI for Type 2 diabetes management. 28916379 1 30 theme fenugreek 128:136 arg1 CS 192:193 CS 192:193 CS 192:193 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate (CS) composite beads were developed for controlled glimepiride (GLI) delivery. 28916379 1 30 theme fenugreek 128:136 arg1 silicate 182:189 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate 108:189 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate (CS) composite beads 108:210 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate (CS) composite beads were developed for controlled glimepiride (GLI) delivery. 28916379 2 31 theme XRD 369:371 arg1 analyses 373:380 FTIR, DSC and XRD analyses 355:380 FTIR, DSC and XRD analyses 355:380 CFG having degree of carboxymethylation of 0.71 was synthesized and characterized by FTIR, DSC and XRD analyses. 28916379 4 32 theme release 622:628 arg1 behaviour 630:638 sustained drug release behaviour 607:638 sustained drug release behaviour (Q8h, 62-94%) 607:652 All the formulations demonstrated excellent drug encapsulation efficiency (DEE, 48-97%) and sustained drug release behaviour (Q8h, 62-94%). 28916379 5 33 theme polymer-blend 710:722 arg1 ratios 733:738 polymer-blend (GG:CFG) ratios 710:738 polymer-blend (GG:CFG) ratios 710:738 These quality attributes were remarkably influenced by polymer-blend (GG:CFG) ratios, cross-linker types and CS inclusion. 28916379 7 34 theme ex 945:946 arg1 property 966:973 excellent ex vivo mucoadhesive property 935:973 excellent ex vivo mucoadhesive property 935:973 It also conferred excellent ex vivo mucoadhesive property and considerable hypoglycemic effect in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 28916379 1 35 theme galactomannan 138:150 arg1 CS 192:193 CS 192:193 CS 192:193 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate (CS) composite beads were developed for controlled glimepiride (GLI) delivery. 28916379 1 35 theme galactomannan 138:150 arg1 silicate 182:189 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate 108:189 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate (CS) composite beads 108:210 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate (CS) composite beads were developed for controlled glimepiride (GLI) delivery. 28916379 1 36 theme composite 196:204 arg1 beads 206:210 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate (CS) composite beads 108:210 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate (CS) composite beads 108:210 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate (CS) composite beads were developed for controlled glimepiride (GLI) delivery. 28916379 0 37 theme galactomannan-gellan 24:43 arg1 gum-calcium 45:55 Carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan-gellan gum-calcium 0:55 Carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan-gellan gum-calcium 0:55 Carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan-gellan gum-calcium silicate composite beads for glimepiride delivery. 28916379 1 38 theme -calcium 173:180 arg1 CS 192:193 CS 192:193 CS 192:193 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate (CS) composite beads were developed for controlled glimepiride (GLI) delivery. 28916379 1 38 theme -calcium 173:180 arg1 silicate 182:189 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate 108:189 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate (CS) composite beads 108:210 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate (CS) composite beads were developed for controlled glimepiride (GLI) delivery. 28916379 0 39 theme composite 66:74 arg1 beads 76:80 composite beads 66:80 composite beads for glimepiride delivery 66:105 Carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan-gellan gum-calcium silicate composite beads for glimepiride delivery. 28916379 9 40 theme GLI 1271:1273 arg1 management 1295:1304 GLI for Type 2 diabetes management 1271:1304 GLI for Type 2 diabetes management 1271:1304 Thus, the developed hybrid matrices are appropriate for controlled delivery of GLI for Type 2 diabetes management. 28916379 3 41 theme ionotropic 437:446 arg1 technique 457:465 ionotropic gelation technique 437:465 ionotropic gelation technique employing Ca+2/Zn+2/Al+3 ions as cross-linkers 437:512 Subsequently, GLI-loaded hybrids were accomplished by ionotropic gelation technique employing Ca+2/Zn+2/Al+3 ions as cross-linkers. 28916379 4 42 theme encapsulation 564:576 arg1 efficiency 578:587 excellent drug encapsulation efficiency 549:587 excellent drug encapsulation efficiency (DEE, 48-97%) 549:601 All the formulations demonstrated excellent drug encapsulation efficiency (DEE, 48-97%) and sustained drug release behaviour (Q8h, 62-94%). 28916379 7 43 theme streptozotocin-induced 1015:1036 arg1 rats 1047:1050 streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats 1015:1050 streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats 1015:1050 It also conferred excellent ex vivo mucoadhesive property and considerable hypoglycemic effect in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 28916379 4 44 theme drug 559:562 arg1 efficiency 578:587 excellent drug encapsulation efficiency 549:587 excellent drug encapsulation efficiency (DEE, 48-97%) 549:601 All the formulations demonstrated excellent drug encapsulation efficiency (DEE, 48-97%) and sustained drug release behaviour (Q8h, 62-94%). 28916379 9 45 theme Type 1279:1282 arg1 diabetes 1286:1293 Type 2 diabetes 1279:1293 Type 2 diabetes 1279:1293 Thus, the developed hybrid matrices are appropriate for controlled delivery of GLI for Type 2 diabetes management. 28916379 7 46 theme diabetic 1038:1045 arg1 rats 1047:1050 streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats 1015:1050 streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats 1015:1050 It also conferred excellent ex vivo mucoadhesive property and considerable hypoglycemic effect in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 28916379 1 47 theme CFG 153:155 arg1 CS 192:193 CS 192:193 CS 192:193 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate (CS) composite beads were developed for controlled glimepiride (GLI) delivery. 28916379 1 47 theme CFG 153:155 arg1 silicate 182:189 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate 108:189 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate (CS) composite beads 108:210 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate (CS) composite beads were developed for controlled glimepiride (GLI) delivery. 28916379 3 48 theme GLI-loaded 397:406 arg1 hybrids 408:414 GLI-loaded hybrids 397:414 GLI-loaded hybrids 397:414 Subsequently, GLI-loaded hybrids were accomplished by ionotropic gelation technique employing Ca+2/Zn+2/Al+3 ions as cross-linkers. 28916379 8 49 theme drug-excipients 1099:1113 arg1 compatibility 1115:1127 drug-excipients compatibility 1099:1127 drug-excipients compatibility 1099:1127 Furthermore, the beads were characterized for drug-excipients compatibility, drug crystallinity, thermal behaviour and surface morphology. 28916379 1 50 theme GG 170:171 arg1 CS 192:193 CS 192:193 CS 192:193 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate (CS) composite beads were developed for controlled glimepiride (GLI) delivery. 28916379 1 50 theme GG 170:171 arg1 silicate 182:189 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate 108:189 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate (CS) composite beads 108:210 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate (CS) composite beads were developed for controlled glimepiride (GLI) delivery. 28916379 7 51 theme hypoglycemic 992:1003 arg1 effect 1005:1010 considerable hypoglycemic effect 979:1010 considerable hypoglycemic effect 979:1010 It also conferred excellent ex vivo mucoadhesive property and considerable hypoglycemic effect in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 28916379 8 52 theme thermal 1150:1156 arg1 behaviour 1158:1166 thermal behaviour 1150:1166 thermal behaviour 1150:1166 Furthermore, the beads were characterized for drug-excipients compatibility, drug crystallinity, thermal behaviour and surface morphology. 28916379 5 53 dep GG 725:726 arg1 CFG 728:730 CFG 728:730 GG:CFG 725:730 These quality attributes were remarkably influenced by polymer-blend (GG:CFG) ratios, cross-linker types and CS inclusion. 28916379 9 54 theme hybrid 1212:1217 arg1 matrices 1219:1226 the developed hybrid matrices 1198:1226 the developed hybrid matrices 1198:1226 Thus, the developed hybrid matrices are appropriate for controlled delivery of GLI for Type 2 diabetes management. 28916379 9 54 theme hybrid 1212:1217 arg1 appropriate 1232:1242 appropriate 1232:1242 appropriate 1232:1242 Thus, the developed hybrid matrices are appropriate for controlled delivery of GLI for Type 2 diabetes management. 28916379 1 55 theme -gellan 157:163 arg1 CS 192:193 CS 192:193 CS 192:193 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate (CS) composite beads were developed for controlled glimepiride (GLI) delivery. 28916379 1 55 theme -gellan 157:163 arg1 silicate 182:189 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate 108:189 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate (CS) composite beads 108:210 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate (CS) composite beads were developed for controlled glimepiride (GLI) delivery. 28916379 7 56 dep ex 945:946 arg1 vivo 948:951 vivo 948:951 vivo 948:951 It also conferred excellent ex vivo mucoadhesive property and considerable hypoglycemic effect in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 28916379 2 57 theme CFG 270:272 arg1 degree 281:286 CFG having degree 270:286 CFG having degree of carboxymethylation of 0.71 270:316 CFG having degree of carboxymethylation of 0.71 was synthesized and characterized by FTIR, DSC and XRD analyses. 28916379 4 58 dep behaviour 630:638 arg1 % 651:651 62-94% 646:651 62-94% 646:651 All the formulations demonstrated excellent drug encapsulation efficiency (DEE, 48-97%) and sustained drug release behaviour (Q8h, 62-94%). 28916379 4 58 dep behaviour 630:638 arg1 Q8h 641:643 Q8h 641:643 Q8h 641:643 All the formulations demonstrated excellent drug encapsulation efficiency (DEE, 48-97%) and sustained drug release behaviour (Q8h, 62-94%). 28916379 7 59 theme considerable 979:990 arg1 effect 1005:1010 considerable hypoglycemic effect 979:1010 considerable hypoglycemic effect 979:1010 It also conferred excellent ex vivo mucoadhesive property and considerable hypoglycemic effect in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 28916379 1 60 theme gum 165:167 arg1 CS 192:193 CS 192:193 CS 192:193 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate (CS) composite beads were developed for controlled glimepiride (GLI) delivery. 28916379 1 60 theme gum 165:167 arg1 silicate 182:189 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate 108:189 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate (CS) composite beads 108:210 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate (CS) composite beads were developed for controlled glimepiride (GLI) delivery. 28916379 1 61 theme controlled 231:240 arg1 delivery 260:267 controlled glimepiride (GLI) delivery 231:267 controlled glimepiride (GLI) delivery 231:267 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate (CS) composite beads were developed for controlled glimepiride (GLI) delivery. 28916379 5 62 theme cross-linker 741:752 arg1 types 754:758 cross-linker types 741:758 cross-linker types 741:758 These quality attributes were remarkably influenced by polymer-blend (GG:CFG) ratios, cross-linker types and CS inclusion. 28916379 6 63 theme optimized 810:818 arg1 F-6 833:835 F-6 833:835 F-6 833:835 The drug release profile of the optimized formulation (F-6) was best fitted in zero-order model with anomalous diffusion driven mechanism. 28916379 6 63 theme optimized 810:818 arg1 formulation 820:830 the optimized formulation 806:830 the optimized formulation (F-6) 806:836 The drug release profile of the optimized formulation (F-6) was best fitted in zero-order model with anomalous diffusion driven mechanism. 28916379 3 64 theme Ca+2/Zn+2/Al+3 477:490 arg1 cross-linkers 500:512 cross-linkers 500:512 cross-linkers 500:512 Subsequently, GLI-loaded hybrids were accomplished by ionotropic gelation technique employing Ca+2/Zn+2/Al+3 ions as cross-linkers. 28916379 3 64 theme Ca+2/Zn+2/Al+3 477:490 arg1 ions 492:495 Ca+2/Zn+2/Al+3 ions 477:495 Ca+2/Zn+2/Al+3 ions 477:495 Subsequently, GLI-loaded hybrids were accomplished by ionotropic gelation technique employing Ca+2/Zn+2/Al+3 ions as cross-linkers. 28916379 1 65 theme glimepiride 242:252 arg1 delivery 260:267 controlled glimepiride (GLI) delivery 231:267 controlled glimepiride (GLI) delivery 231:267 Novel carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan (CFG)-gellan gum (GG)-calcium silicate (CS) composite beads were developed for controlled glimepiride (GLI) delivery. 28916379 0 66 theme glimepiride 86:96 arg1 delivery 98:105 glimepiride delivery 86:105 glimepiride delivery 86:105 Carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan-gellan gum-calcium silicate composite beads for glimepiride delivery. 28916379 2 67 theme DSC 361:363 arg1 analyses 373:380 FTIR, DSC and XRD analyses 355:380 FTIR, DSC and XRD analyses 355:380 CFG having degree of carboxymethylation of 0.71 was synthesized and characterized by FTIR, DSC and XRD analyses. 25281788 1 0 theme matrix 171:176 arg1 turnover 178:185 slow matrix turnover 166:185 slow matrix turnover 166:185 Cartilage tissue lacks an intrinsic capacity for self-regeneration due to slow matrix turnover, a limited supply of mature chondrocytes and insufficient vasculature. 25281788 4 1 theme composite 829:837 arg1 scaffolds 839:847 100% silk-based fiber-hydrogel composite scaffolds 798:847 100% silk-based fiber-hydrogel composite scaffolds 798:847 We demonstrated the use of 100% silk-based fiber-hydrogel composite scaffolds for the development of cartilage constructs with properties comparable to those made with agarose. 25281788 6 2 from days 1364:1367 arg1 culture 1372:1378 culture 1372:1378 culture 1372:1378 Excellent chondrocyte response was observed on SF-silk hydrogels, and fiber reinforcement resulted in the development of more mechanically robust constructs after 42 days in culture compared to silk hydrogels alone. 25281788 6 3 theme silk 1392:1395 arg1 hydrogels 1397:1405 silk hydrogels 1392:1405 silk hydrogels 1392:1405 Excellent chondrocyte response was observed on SF-silk hydrogels, and fiber reinforcement resulted in the development of more mechanically robust constructs after 42 days in culture compared to silk hydrogels alone. 25281788 5 4 theme Bombyx 1185:1190 arg1 mori 1192:1195 Bombyx mori 1185:1195 Bombyx mori 1185:1195 Cartilage constructs with an equilibrium modulus in the native tissue range were fabricated by mimicking the collagen fiber and proteoglycan composite architecture of native cartilage using biocompatible, biodegradable silk fibroin from Bombyx mori. 25281788 5 5 theme collagen 1057:1064 arg1 fiber 1066:1070 the collagen fiber and proteoglycan composite architecture 1053:1110 fiber 1066:1070 Cartilage constructs with an equilibrium modulus in the native tissue range were fabricated by mimicking the collagen fiber and proteoglycan composite architecture of native cartilage using biocompatible, biodegradable silk fibroin from Bombyx mori. 25281788 5 6 theme biocompatible 1138:1150 arg1 fibroin 1172:1178 biocompatible, biodegradable silk fibroin 1138:1178 biocompatible, biodegradable silk fibroin 1138:1178 Cartilage constructs with an equilibrium modulus in the native tissue range were fabricated by mimicking the collagen fiber and proteoglycan composite architecture of native cartilage using biocompatible, biodegradable silk fibroin from Bombyx mori. 25281788 7 7 theme functional 1548:1557 arg1 constructs 1569:1578 functional cartilage constructs 1548:1578 functional cartilage constructs that overcome the limitations of agarose biomaterials, and provide a much-needed alternative to the agarose standard 1548:1695 Thus, we demonstrate the versatility of silk fibroin as a composite scaffolding material for use in cartilage tissue repair to create functional cartilage constructs that overcome the limitations of agarose biomaterials, and provide a much-needed alternative to the agarose standard. 25281788 5 8 with constructs 958:967 arg1 modulus 989:995 an equilibrium modulus 974:995 an equilibrium modulus in the native tissue range 974:1022 Cartilage constructs with an equilibrium modulus in the native tissue range were fabricated by mimicking the collagen fiber and proteoglycan composite architecture of native cartilage using biocompatible, biodegradable silk fibroin from Bombyx mori. 25281788 6 9 theme fiber 1268:1272 arg1 reinforcement 1274:1286 fiber reinforcement 1268:1286 fiber reinforcement 1268:1286 Excellent chondrocyte response was observed on SF-silk hydrogels, and fiber reinforcement resulted in the development of more mechanically robust constructs after 42 days in culture compared to silk hydrogels alone. 25281788 3 10 theme fiber-hydrogel 589:602 arg1 composites 604:613 silk fiber-hydrogel composites 584:613 silk fiber-hydrogel composites (SF-silk hydrogels) made from silk microfibers and silk hydrogels 584:679 In this study, silk fiber-hydrogel composites (SF-silk hydrogels) made from silk microfibers and silk hydrogels were investigated for their potential use as a support material for engineered cartilage. 25281788 3 10 theme fiber-hydrogel 589:602 arg1 hydrogels 624:632 SF-silk hydrogels 616:632 SF-silk hydrogels 616:632 In this study, silk fiber-hydrogel composites (SF-silk hydrogels) made from silk microfibers and silk hydrogels were investigated for their potential use as a support material for engineered cartilage. 25281788 3 11 theme SF-silk 616:622 arg1 composites 604:613 silk fiber-hydrogel composites 584:613 silk fiber-hydrogel composites (SF-silk hydrogels) made from silk microfibers and silk hydrogels 584:679 In this study, silk fiber-hydrogel composites (SF-silk hydrogels) made from silk microfibers and silk hydrogels were investigated for their potential use as a support material for engineered cartilage. 25281788 3 11 theme SF-silk 616:622 arg1 hydrogels 624:632 SF-silk hydrogels 616:632 SF-silk hydrogels 616:632 In this study, silk fiber-hydrogel composites (SF-silk hydrogels) made from silk microfibers and silk hydrogels were investigated for their potential use as a support material for engineered cartilage. 25281788 5 12 theme tissue 1011:1016 arg1 range 1018:1022 the native tissue range 1000:1022 the native tissue range 1000:1022 Cartilage constructs with an equilibrium modulus in the native tissue range were fabricated by mimicking the collagen fiber and proteoglycan composite architecture of native cartilage using biocompatible, biodegradable silk fibroin from Bombyx mori. 25281788 4 13 theme silk-based 803:812 arg1 scaffolds 839:847 100% silk-based fiber-hydrogel composite scaffolds 798:847 100% silk-based fiber-hydrogel composite scaffolds 798:847 We demonstrated the use of 100% silk-based fiber-hydrogel composite scaffolds for the development of cartilage constructs with properties comparable to those made with agarose. 25281788 2 14 theme agarose-based 383:395 arg1 repair 407:412 agarose-based cartilage repair 383:412 agarose-based cartilage repair 383:412 Although cartilage tissue engineering has achieved some success using agarose as a scaffolding material, major challenges of agarose-based cartilage repair, including non-degradability, poor tissue-scaffold integration and limited processing capability, have prompted the search for an alternative biomaterial. 25281788 5 15 theme native 1004:1009 arg1 range 1018:1022 the native tissue range 1000:1022 the native tissue range 1000:1022 Cartilage constructs with an equilibrium modulus in the native tissue range were fabricated by mimicking the collagen fiber and proteoglycan composite architecture of native cartilage using biocompatible, biodegradable silk fibroin from Bombyx mori. 25281788 4 16 theme scaffolds 839:847 arg1 use 791:793 the use 787:793 the use of 100% silk-based fiber-hydrogel composite scaffolds for the development of cartilage constructs with properties comparable to those made with agarose 787:945 We demonstrated the use of 100% silk-based fiber-hydrogel composite scaffolds for the development of cartilage constructs with properties comparable to those made with agarose. 25281788 5 17 dep biocompatible 1138:1150 arg1 biodegradable 1153:1165 biodegradable 1153:1165 biodegradable 1153:1165 Cartilage constructs with an equilibrium modulus in the native tissue range were fabricated by mimicking the collagen fiber and proteoglycan composite architecture of native cartilage using biocompatible, biodegradable silk fibroin from Bombyx mori. 25281788 5 18 theme equilibrium 977:987 arg1 modulus 989:995 an equilibrium modulus 974:995 an equilibrium modulus in the native tissue range 974:1022 Cartilage constructs with an equilibrium modulus in the native tissue range were fabricated by mimicking the collagen fiber and proteoglycan composite architecture of native cartilage using biocompatible, biodegradable silk fibroin from Bombyx mori. 25281788 4 19 theme comparable 909:918 arg1 properties 898:907 properties 898:907 properties comparable to those made with agarose 898:945 We demonstrated the use of 100% silk-based fiber-hydrogel composite scaffolds for the development of cartilage constructs with properties comparable to those made with agarose. 25281788 1 20 theme Cartilage 92:100 arg1 tissue 102:107 Cartilage tissue 92:107 Cartilage tissue 92:107 Cartilage tissue lacks an intrinsic capacity for self-regeneration due to slow matrix turnover, a limited supply of mature chondrocytes and insufficient vasculature. 25281788 7 21 theme scaffolding 1482:1492 arg1 versatility 1439:1449 the versatility 1435:1449 the versatility of silk fibroin 1435:1465 Thus, we demonstrate the versatility of silk fibroin as a composite scaffolding material for use in cartilage tissue repair to create functional cartilage constructs that overcome the limitations of agarose biomaterials, and provide a much-needed alternative to the agarose standard. 25281788 7 21 theme scaffolding 1482:1492 arg1 material 1494:1501 a composite scaffolding material 1470:1501 a composite scaffolding material for use in cartilage tissue repair 1470:1536 Thus, we demonstrate the versatility of silk fibroin as a composite scaffolding material for use in cartilage tissue repair to create functional cartilage constructs that overcome the limitations of agarose biomaterials, and provide a much-needed alternative to the agarose standard. 25281788 7 22 theme cartilage 1559:1567 arg1 constructs 1569:1578 functional cartilage constructs 1548:1578 functional cartilage constructs that overcome the limitations of agarose biomaterials, and provide a much-needed alternative to the agarose standard 1548:1695 Thus, we demonstrate the versatility of silk fibroin as a composite scaffolding material for use in cartilage tissue repair to create functional cartilage constructs that overcome the limitations of agarose biomaterials, and provide a much-needed alternative to the agarose standard. 25281788 2 23 theme scaffolding 341:351 arg1 material 353:360 a scaffolding material 339:360 a scaffolding material 339:360 Although cartilage tissue engineering has achieved some success using agarose as a scaffolding material, major challenges of agarose-based cartilage repair, including non-degradability, poor tissue-scaffold integration and limited processing capability, have prompted the search for an alternative biomaterial. 25281788 2 23 theme scaffolding 341:351 arg1 agarose 328:334 agarose 328:334 agarose 328:334 Although cartilage tissue engineering has achieved some success using agarose as a scaffolding material, major challenges of agarose-based cartilage repair, including non-degradability, poor tissue-scaffold integration and limited processing capability, have prompted the search for an alternative biomaterial. 25281788 1 24 theme limited 190:196 arg1 supply 198:203 a limited supply 188:203 a limited supply of mature chondrocytes 188:226 Cartilage tissue lacks an intrinsic capacity for self-regeneration due to slow matrix turnover, a limited supply of mature chondrocytes and insufficient vasculature. 25281788 7 25 theme biomaterials 1621:1632 arg1 limitations 1598:1608 the limitations 1594:1608 the limitations of agarose biomaterials 1594:1632 Thus, we demonstrate the versatility of silk fibroin as a composite scaffolding material for use in cartilage tissue repair to create functional cartilage constructs that overcome the limitations of agarose biomaterials, and provide a much-needed alternative to the agarose standard. 25281788 5 26 from modulus 989:995 arg1 range 1018:1022 the native tissue range 1000:1022 the native tissue range 1000:1022 Cartilage constructs with an equilibrium modulus in the native tissue range were fabricated by mimicking the collagen fiber and proteoglycan composite architecture of native cartilage using biocompatible, biodegradable silk fibroin from Bombyx mori. 25281788 7 27 theme cartilage 1514:1522 arg1 repair 1531:1536 cartilage tissue repair 1514:1536 cartilage tissue repair 1514:1536 Thus, we demonstrate the versatility of silk fibroin as a composite scaffolding material for use in cartilage tissue repair to create functional cartilage constructs that overcome the limitations of agarose biomaterials, and provide a much-needed alternative to the agarose standard. 25281788 3 28 theme potential 709:717 arg1 use 719:721 their potential use 703:721 their potential use as a support material for engineered cartilage 703:768 In this study, silk fiber-hydrogel composites (SF-silk hydrogels) made from silk microfibers and silk hydrogels were investigated for their potential use as a support material for engineered cartilage. 25281788 2 29 theme processing 489:498 arg1 capability 500:509 limited processing capability 481:509 limited processing capability 481:509 Although cartilage tissue engineering has achieved some success using agarose as a scaffolding material, major challenges of agarose-based cartilage repair, including non-degradability, poor tissue-scaffold integration and limited processing capability, have prompted the search for an alternative biomaterial. 25281788 5 30 theme proteoglycan 1076:1087 arg1 architecture 1099:1110 the collagen fiber and proteoglycan composite architecture 1053:1110 architecture 1099:1110 Cartilage constructs with an equilibrium modulus in the native tissue range were fabricated by mimicking the collagen fiber and proteoglycan composite architecture of native cartilage using biocompatible, biodegradable silk fibroin from Bombyx mori. 25281788 6 31 dep resulted 1288:1295 arg1 compared 1380:1387 compared 1380:1387 compared to silk hydrogels alone 1380:1411 Excellent chondrocyte response was observed on SF-silk hydrogels, and fiber reinforcement resulted in the development of more mechanically robust constructs after 42 days in culture compared to silk hydrogels alone. 25281788 6 32 theme SF-silk 1245:1251 arg1 hydrogels 1253:1261 SF-silk hydrogels 1245:1261 SF-silk hydrogels 1245:1261 Excellent chondrocyte response was observed on SF-silk hydrogels, and fiber reinforcement resulted in the development of more mechanically robust constructs after 42 days in culture compared to silk hydrogels alone. 25281788 4 33 theme constructs 882:891 arg1 development 857:867 the development 853:867 the development of cartilage constructs with properties comparable to those made with agarose 853:945 We demonstrated the use of 100% silk-based fiber-hydrogel composite scaffolds for the development of cartilage constructs with properties comparable to those made with agarose. 25281788 0 34 theme silk 27:30 arg1 composites 41:50 silk hydrogel composites 27:50 silk hydrogel composites for functional cartilage tissue repair 27:89 Silk microfiber-reinforced silk hydrogel composites for functional cartilage tissue repair. 25281788 7 35 theme tissue 1524:1529 arg1 repair 1531:1536 cartilage tissue repair 1514:1536 cartilage tissue repair 1514:1536 Thus, we demonstrate the versatility of silk fibroin as a composite scaffolding material for use in cartilage tissue repair to create functional cartilage constructs that overcome the limitations of agarose biomaterials, and provide a much-needed alternative to the agarose standard. 25281788 5 36 theme silk 1167:1170 arg1 fibroin 1172:1178 biocompatible, biodegradable silk fibroin 1138:1178 biocompatible, biodegradable silk fibroin 1138:1178 Cartilage constructs with an equilibrium modulus in the native tissue range were fabricated by mimicking the collagen fiber and proteoglycan composite architecture of native cartilage using biocompatible, biodegradable silk fibroin from Bombyx mori. 25281788 1 37 theme intrinsic 118:126 arg1 capacity 128:135 an intrinsic capacity 115:135 an intrinsic capacity for self-regeneration due to slow matrix turnover, a limited supply of mature chondrocytes and insufficient vasculature 115:255 Cartilage tissue lacks an intrinsic capacity for self-regeneration due to slow matrix turnover, a limited supply of mature chondrocytes and insufficient vasculature. 25281788 1 38 theme mature 208:213 arg1 chondrocytes 215:226 mature chondrocytes 208:226 mature chondrocytes 208:226 Cartilage tissue lacks an intrinsic capacity for self-regeneration due to slow matrix turnover, a limited supply of mature chondrocytes and insufficient vasculature. 25281788 5 39 theme composite 1089:1097 arg1 architecture 1099:1110 the collagen fiber and proteoglycan composite architecture 1053:1110 architecture 1099:1110 Cartilage constructs with an equilibrium modulus in the native tissue range were fabricated by mimicking the collagen fiber and proteoglycan composite architecture of native cartilage using biocompatible, biodegradable silk fibroin from Bombyx mori. 25281788 6 40 theme robust 1337:1342 arg1 constructs 1344:1353 more mechanically robust constructs 1319:1353 more mechanically robust constructs 1319:1353 Excellent chondrocyte response was observed on SF-silk hydrogels, and fiber reinforcement resulted in the development of more mechanically robust constructs after 42 days in culture compared to silk hydrogels alone. 25281788 1 41 theme chondrocytes 215:226 arg1 supply 198:203 a limited supply 188:203 a limited supply of mature chondrocytes 188:226 Cartilage tissue lacks an intrinsic capacity for self-regeneration due to slow matrix turnover, a limited supply of mature chondrocytes and insufficient vasculature. 25281788 1 41 theme chondrocytes 215:226 arg1 vasculature 245:255 insufficient vasculature 232:255 insufficient vasculature 232:255 Cartilage tissue lacks an intrinsic capacity for self-regeneration due to slow matrix turnover, a limited supply of mature chondrocytes and insufficient vasculature. 25281788 1 41 theme chondrocytes 215:226 arg1 turnover 178:185 slow matrix turnover 166:185 slow matrix turnover 166:185 Cartilage tissue lacks an intrinsic capacity for self-regeneration due to slow matrix turnover, a limited supply of mature chondrocytes and insufficient vasculature. 25281788 3 42 theme silk 645:648 arg1 microfibers 650:660 silk microfibers 645:660 silk microfibers 645:660 In this study, silk fiber-hydrogel composites (SF-silk hydrogels) made from silk microfibers and silk hydrogels were investigated for their potential use as a support material for engineered cartilage. 25281788 5 43 theme Cartilage 948:956 arg1 constructs 958:967 Cartilage constructs 948:967 Cartilage constructs with an equilibrium modulus in the native tissue range 948:1022 Cartilage constructs with an equilibrium modulus in the native tissue range were fabricated by mimicking the collagen fiber and proteoglycan composite architecture of native cartilage using biocompatible, biodegradable silk fibroin from Bombyx mori. 25281788 2 44 theme tissue-scaffold 449:463 arg1 integration 465:475 poor tissue-scaffold integration 444:475 poor tissue-scaffold integration 444:475 Although cartilage tissue engineering has achieved some success using agarose as a scaffolding material, major challenges of agarose-based cartilage repair, including non-degradability, poor tissue-scaffold integration and limited processing capability, have prompted the search for an alternative biomaterial. 25281788 7 45 theme standard 1688:1695 arg1 agarose 1680:1686 the agarose standard 1676:1695 the agarose standard 1676:1695 Thus, we demonstrate the versatility of silk fibroin as a composite scaffolding material for use in cartilage tissue repair to create functional cartilage constructs that overcome the limitations of agarose biomaterials, and provide a much-needed alternative to the agarose standard. 25281788 0 46 theme hydrogel 32:39 arg1 composites 41:50 silk hydrogel composites 27:50 silk hydrogel composites for functional cartilage tissue repair 27:89 Silk microfiber-reinforced silk hydrogel composites for functional cartilage tissue repair. 25281788 7 47 theme composite 1472:1480 arg1 versatility 1439:1449 the versatility 1435:1449 the versatility of silk fibroin 1435:1465 Thus, we demonstrate the versatility of silk fibroin as a composite scaffolding material for use in cartilage tissue repair to create functional cartilage constructs that overcome the limitations of agarose biomaterials, and provide a much-needed alternative to the agarose standard. 25281788 7 47 theme composite 1472:1480 arg1 material 1494:1501 a composite scaffolding material 1470:1501 a composite scaffolding material for use in cartilage tissue repair 1470:1536 Thus, we demonstrate the versatility of silk fibroin as a composite scaffolding material for use in cartilage tissue repair to create functional cartilage constructs that overcome the limitations of agarose biomaterials, and provide a much-needed alternative to the agarose standard. 25281788 2 48 theme poor 444:447 arg1 integration 465:475 poor tissue-scaffold integration 444:475 poor tissue-scaffold integration 444:475 Although cartilage tissue engineering has achieved some success using agarose as a scaffolding material, major challenges of agarose-based cartilage repair, including non-degradability, poor tissue-scaffold integration and limited processing capability, have prompted the search for an alternative biomaterial. 25281788 0 49 theme cartilage 67:75 arg1 repair 84:89 functional cartilage tissue repair 56:89 functional cartilage tissue repair 56:89 Silk microfiber-reinforced silk hydrogel composites for functional cartilage tissue repair. 25281788 7 50 theme fibroin 1459:1465 arg1 material 1494:1501 a composite scaffolding material 1470:1501 a composite scaffolding material for use in cartilage tissue repair 1470:1536 Thus, we demonstrate the versatility of silk fibroin as a composite scaffolding material for use in cartilage tissue repair to create functional cartilage constructs that overcome the limitations of agarose biomaterials, and provide a much-needed alternative to the agarose standard. 25281788 7 50 theme fibroin 1459:1465 arg1 versatility 1439:1449 the versatility 1435:1449 the versatility of silk fibroin 1435:1465 Thus, we demonstrate the versatility of silk fibroin as a composite scaffolding material for use in cartilage tissue repair to create functional cartilage constructs that overcome the limitations of agarose biomaterials, and provide a much-needed alternative to the agarose standard. 25281788 0 51 theme tissue 77:82 arg1 repair 84:89 functional cartilage tissue repair 56:89 functional cartilage tissue repair 56:89 Silk microfiber-reinforced silk hydrogel composites for functional cartilage tissue repair. 25281788 5 52 theme native 1115:1120 arg1 cartilage 1122:1130 native cartilage 1115:1130 native cartilage using biocompatible, biodegradable silk fibroin from Bombyx mori 1115:1195 Cartilage constructs with an equilibrium modulus in the native tissue range were fabricated by mimicking the collagen fiber and proteoglycan composite architecture of native cartilage using biocompatible, biodegradable silk fibroin from Bombyx mori. 25281788 6 53 theme chondrocyte 1208:1218 arg1 response 1220:1227 Excellent chondrocyte response 1198:1227 Excellent chondrocyte response 1198:1227 Excellent chondrocyte response was observed on SF-silk hydrogels, and fiber reinforcement resulted in the development of more mechanically robust constructs after 42 days in culture compared to silk hydrogels alone. 25281788 0 54 theme functional 56:65 arg1 repair 84:89 functional cartilage tissue repair 56:89 functional cartilage tissue repair 56:89 Silk microfiber-reinforced silk hydrogel composites for functional cartilage tissue repair. 25281788 6 55 theme constructs 1344:1353 arg1 development 1304:1314 the development 1300:1314 the development of more mechanically robust constructs after 42 days in culture 1300:1378 Excellent chondrocyte response was observed on SF-silk hydrogels, and fiber reinforcement resulted in the development of more mechanically robust constructs after 42 days in culture compared to silk hydrogels alone. 25281788 6 56 located observed 1233:1240 arg1 hydrogels 1253:1261 SF-silk hydrogels 1245:1261 SF-silk hydrogels 1245:1261 Excellent chondrocyte response was observed on SF-silk hydrogels, and fiber reinforcement resulted in the development of more mechanically robust constructs after 42 days in culture compared to silk hydrogels alone. 25281788 6 56 located observed 1233:1240 arg2 response 1220:1227 Excellent chondrocyte response 1198:1227 Excellent chondrocyte response 1198:1227 Excellent chondrocyte response was observed on SF-silk hydrogels, and fiber reinforcement resulted in the development of more mechanically robust constructs after 42 days in culture compared to silk hydrogels alone. 25281788 5 57 theme cartilage 1122:1130 arg1 fiber 1066:1070 the collagen fiber and proteoglycan composite architecture 1053:1110 fiber 1066:1070 Cartilage constructs with an equilibrium modulus in the native tissue range were fabricated by mimicking the collagen fiber and proteoglycan composite architecture of native cartilage using biocompatible, biodegradable silk fibroin from Bombyx mori. 25281788 5 57 theme cartilage 1122:1130 arg1 architecture 1099:1110 the collagen fiber and proteoglycan composite architecture 1053:1110 architecture 1099:1110 Cartilage constructs with an equilibrium modulus in the native tissue range were fabricated by mimicking the collagen fiber and proteoglycan composite architecture of native cartilage using biocompatible, biodegradable silk fibroin from Bombyx mori. 25281788 2 58 theme major 363:367 arg1 capability 500:509 limited processing capability 481:509 limited processing capability 481:509 Although cartilage tissue engineering has achieved some success using agarose as a scaffolding material, major challenges of agarose-based cartilage repair, including non-degradability, poor tissue-scaffold integration and limited processing capability, have prompted the search for an alternative biomaterial. 25281788 2 58 theme major 363:367 arg1 non-degradability 425:441 non-degradability 425:441 non-degradability 425:441 Although cartilage tissue engineering has achieved some success using agarose as a scaffolding material, major challenges of agarose-based cartilage repair, including non-degradability, poor tissue-scaffold integration and limited processing capability, have prompted the search for an alternative biomaterial. 25281788 2 58 theme major 363:367 arg1 challenges 369:378 major challenges 363:378 major challenges 363:378 Although cartilage tissue engineering has achieved some success using agarose as a scaffolding material, major challenges of agarose-based cartilage repair, including non-degradability, poor tissue-scaffold integration and limited processing capability, have prompted the search for an alternative biomaterial. 25281788 2 58 theme major 363:367 arg1 integration 465:475 poor tissue-scaffold integration 444:475 poor tissue-scaffold integration 444:475 Although cartilage tissue engineering has achieved some success using agarose as a scaffolding material, major challenges of agarose-based cartilage repair, including non-degradability, poor tissue-scaffold integration and limited processing capability, have prompted the search for an alternative biomaterial. 25281788 3 59 theme silk 666:669 arg1 hydrogels 671:679 silk hydrogels 666:679 silk hydrogels 666:679 In this study, silk fiber-hydrogel composites (SF-silk hydrogels) made from silk microfibers and silk hydrogels were investigated for their potential use as a support material for engineered cartilage. 25281788 3 60 theme support 728:734 arg1 material 736:743 a support material 726:743 a support material for engineered cartilage 726:768 In this study, silk fiber-hydrogel composites (SF-silk hydrogels) made from silk microfibers and silk hydrogels were investigated for their potential use as a support material for engineered cartilage. 25281788 7 61 theme silk 1454:1457 arg1 fibroin 1459:1465 silk fibroin 1454:1465 silk fibroin 1454:1465 Thus, we demonstrate the versatility of silk fibroin as a composite scaffolding material for use in cartilage tissue repair to create functional cartilage constructs that overcome the limitations of agarose biomaterials, and provide a much-needed alternative to the agarose standard. 25281788 4 62 theme cartilage 872:880 arg1 constructs 882:891 cartilage constructs 872:891 cartilage constructs with properties comparable to those made with agarose 872:945 We demonstrated the use of 100% silk-based fiber-hydrogel composite scaffolds for the development of cartilage constructs with properties comparable to those made with agarose. 25281788 7 63 from use 1507:1509 arg1 repair 1531:1536 cartilage tissue repair 1514:1536 cartilage tissue repair 1514:1536 Thus, we demonstrate the versatility of silk fibroin as a composite scaffolding material for use in cartilage tissue repair to create functional cartilage constructs that overcome the limitations of agarose biomaterials, and provide a much-needed alternative to the agarose standard. 25281788 1 64 theme insufficient 232:243 arg1 vasculature 245:255 insufficient vasculature 232:255 insufficient vasculature 232:255 Cartilage tissue lacks an intrinsic capacity for self-regeneration due to slow matrix turnover, a limited supply of mature chondrocytes and insufficient vasculature. 25281788 3 65 theme silk 584:587 arg1 composites 604:613 silk fiber-hydrogel composites 584:613 silk fiber-hydrogel composites (SF-silk hydrogels) made from silk microfibers and silk hydrogels 584:679 In this study, silk fiber-hydrogel composites (SF-silk hydrogels) made from silk microfibers and silk hydrogels were investigated for their potential use as a support material for engineered cartilage. 25281788 3 65 theme silk 584:587 arg1 hydrogels 624:632 SF-silk hydrogels 616:632 SF-silk hydrogels 616:632 In this study, silk fiber-hydrogel composites (SF-silk hydrogels) made from silk microfibers and silk hydrogels were investigated for their potential use as a support material for engineered cartilage. 25281788 7 66 theme agarose 1613:1619 arg1 biomaterials 1621:1632 agarose biomaterials 1613:1632 agarose biomaterials 1613:1632 Thus, we demonstrate the versatility of silk fibroin as a composite scaffolding material for use in cartilage tissue repair to create functional cartilage constructs that overcome the limitations of agarose biomaterials, and provide a much-needed alternative to the agarose standard. 25281788 4 67 theme fiber-hydrogel 814:827 arg1 scaffolds 839:847 100% silk-based fiber-hydrogel composite scaffolds 798:847 100% silk-based fiber-hydrogel composite scaffolds 798:847 We demonstrated the use of 100% silk-based fiber-hydrogel composite scaffolds for the development of cartilage constructs with properties comparable to those made with agarose. 25281788 1 68 theme slow 166:169 arg1 turnover 178:185 slow matrix turnover 166:185 slow matrix turnover 166:185 Cartilage tissue lacks an intrinsic capacity for self-regeneration due to slow matrix turnover, a limited supply of mature chondrocytes and insufficient vasculature. 25281788 6 69 theme Excellent 1198:1206 arg1 response 1220:1227 Excellent chondrocyte response 1198:1227 Excellent chondrocyte response 1198:1227 Excellent chondrocyte response was observed on SF-silk hydrogels, and fiber reinforcement resulted in the development of more mechanically robust constructs after 42 days in culture compared to silk hydrogels alone. 25281788 2 70 theme tissue 277:282 arg1 engineering 284:294 cartilage tissue engineering 267:294 cartilage tissue engineering 267:294 Although cartilage tissue engineering has achieved some success using agarose as a scaffolding material, major challenges of agarose-based cartilage repair, including non-degradability, poor tissue-scaffold integration and limited processing capability, have prompted the search for an alternative biomaterial. 25281788 2 71 theme limited 481:487 arg1 capability 500:509 limited processing capability 481:509 limited processing capability 481:509 Although cartilage tissue engineering has achieved some success using agarose as a scaffolding material, major challenges of agarose-based cartilage repair, including non-degradability, poor tissue-scaffold integration and limited processing capability, have prompted the search for an alternative biomaterial. 25281788 2 72 theme repair 407:412 arg1 capability 500:509 limited processing capability 481:509 limited processing capability 481:509 Although cartilage tissue engineering has achieved some success using agarose as a scaffolding material, major challenges of agarose-based cartilage repair, including non-degradability, poor tissue-scaffold integration and limited processing capability, have prompted the search for an alternative biomaterial. 25281788 2 72 theme repair 407:412 arg1 non-degradability 425:441 non-degradability 425:441 non-degradability 425:441 Although cartilage tissue engineering has achieved some success using agarose as a scaffolding material, major challenges of agarose-based cartilage repair, including non-degradability, poor tissue-scaffold integration and limited processing capability, have prompted the search for an alternative biomaterial. 25281788 2 72 theme repair 407:412 arg1 challenges 369:378 major challenges 363:378 major challenges 363:378 Although cartilage tissue engineering has achieved some success using agarose as a scaffolding material, major challenges of agarose-based cartilage repair, including non-degradability, poor tissue-scaffold integration and limited processing capability, have prompted the search for an alternative biomaterial. 25281788 2 72 theme repair 407:412 arg1 integration 465:475 poor tissue-scaffold integration 444:475 poor tissue-scaffold integration 444:475 Although cartilage tissue engineering has achieved some success using agarose as a scaffolding material, major challenges of agarose-based cartilage repair, including non-degradability, poor tissue-scaffold integration and limited processing capability, have prompted the search for an alternative biomaterial. 25281788 4 73 with constructs 882:891 arg1 properties 898:907 properties 898:907 properties comparable to those made with agarose 898:945 We demonstrated the use of 100% silk-based fiber-hydrogel composite scaffolds for the development of cartilage constructs with properties comparable to those made with agarose. 25281788 2 74 theme alternative 544:554 arg1 biomaterial 556:566 an alternative biomaterial 541:566 an alternative biomaterial 541:566 Although cartilage tissue engineering has achieved some success using agarose as a scaffolding material, major challenges of agarose-based cartilage repair, including non-degradability, poor tissue-scaffold integration and limited processing capability, have prompted the search for an alternative biomaterial. 25281788 3 75 theme engineered 749:758 arg1 cartilage 760:768 engineered cartilage 749:768 engineered cartilage 749:768 In this study, silk fiber-hydrogel composites (SF-silk hydrogels) made from silk microfibers and silk hydrogels were investigated for their potential use as a support material for engineered cartilage. 25281788 2 76 theme cartilage 267:275 arg1 engineering 284:294 cartilage tissue engineering 267:294 cartilage tissue engineering 267:294 Although cartilage tissue engineering has achieved some success using agarose as a scaffolding material, major challenges of agarose-based cartilage repair, including non-degradability, poor tissue-scaffold integration and limited processing capability, have prompted the search for an alternative biomaterial. 25281788 2 77 theme cartilage 397:405 arg1 repair 407:412 agarose-based cartilage repair 383:412 agarose-based cartilage repair 383:412 Although cartilage tissue engineering has achieved some success using agarose as a scaffolding material, major challenges of agarose-based cartilage repair, including non-degradability, poor tissue-scaffold integration and limited processing capability, have prompted the search for an alternative biomaterial. 25281788 7 78 theme much-needed 1649:1659 arg1 alternative 1661:1671 a much-needed alternative 1647:1671 a much-needed alternative to the agarose standard 1647:1695 Thus, we demonstrate the versatility of silk fibroin as a composite scaffolding material for use in cartilage tissue repair to create functional cartilage constructs that overcome the limitations of agarose biomaterials, and provide a much-needed alternative to the agarose standard. 24299812 8 0 theme tensile 1144:1150 arg1 moduli 1152:1157 The tensile moduli 1140:1157 The tensile moduli of levan-MMT composites 1140:1181 The tensile moduli of levan-MMT composites increase by as much as 480% relative to pure levan. 24299812 1 1 theme exfoliated 172:181 arg1 clay 199:202 exfoliated montmorillonite clay 172:202 exfoliated montmorillonite clay blended with levan, a polysaccharide produced by Bacillus sp 172:263 This work reports on the structure and properties of novel nanocomposites composed of exfoliated montmorillonite clay blended with levan, a polysaccharide produced by Bacillus sp. 24299812 4 2 theme flexible 569:576 arg1 films 578:582 freestanding, transparent, and flexible films 538:582 freestanding, transparent, and flexible films of pure levan and MMT-levan composites plasticized by 10-15 wt% water 538:652 This process results in freestanding, transparent, and flexible films of pure levan and MMT-levan composites plasticized by 10-15 wt% water. 24299812 7 3 theme MMT 1127:1129 arg1 loading 1131:1137 MMT loading 1127:1137 MMT loading 1127:1137 MMT-levan composites have improved thermal stability and a well-defined glass transition temperature that increases with MMT loading. 24299812 3 4 theme relative 495:502 arg1 humidity 504:511 50-60% relative humidity 488:511 50-60% relative humidity 488:511 MMT-levan composites were prepared by solution blending in water, coating on plastic surfaces, partial drying at 50°C, and conditioning in air at 50-60% relative humidity. 24299812 5 5 theme interlayer 710:719 arg1 nm 734:735 an MMT interlayer spacing 0.62 nm 703:735 an MMT interlayer spacing 0.62 nm greater than that of the starting MMT 703:773 XRD patterns from levan-MMT composites indicate an MMT interlayer spacing 0.62 nm greater than that of the starting MMT, suggesting re-stacking of MMT platelets coated by adsorbed, uncoiled levan molecules. 24299812 3 6 from surfaces 427:434 arg1 humidity 504:511 50-60% relative humidity 488:511 50-60% relative humidity 488:511 MMT-levan composites were prepared by solution blending in water, coating on plastic surfaces, partial drying at 50°C, and conditioning in air at 50-60% relative humidity. 24299812 3 6 from surfaces 427:434 arg1 air 481:483 air 481:483 air at 50-60% relative humidity 481:511 MMT-levan composites were prepared by solution blending in water, coating on plastic surfaces, partial drying at 50°C, and conditioning in air at 50-60% relative humidity. 24299812 5 7 from composites 683:692 arg1 patterns 659:666 XRD patterns 655:666 XRD patterns from levan-MMT composites 655:692 XRD patterns from levan-MMT composites indicate an MMT interlayer spacing 0.62 nm greater than that of the starting MMT, suggesting re-stacking of MMT platelets coated by adsorbed, uncoiled levan molecules. 24299812 3 8 theme solution 380:387 arg1 blending 389:396 solution blending 380:396 solution blending 380:396 MMT-levan composites were prepared by solution blending in water, coating on plastic surfaces, partial drying at 50°C, and conditioning in air at 50-60% relative humidity. 24299812 3 9 from blending 389:396 arg1 water 401:405 water 401:405 water 401:405 MMT-levan composites were prepared by solution blending in water, coating on plastic surfaces, partial drying at 50°C, and conditioning in air at 50-60% relative humidity. 24299812 9 10 theme MMT 1516:1518 arg1 orientation 1529:1539 MMT platelet orientation 1516:1539 MMT platelet orientation 1516:1539 The XRD and mechanical property results suggest that MMT reinforces levan through a filler network structure composed of MMT platelets bridged by adsorbed levan molecules, enhanced when the MMT loading becomes high enough (5-10wt% MMT) to induce an isotropic-nematic transition in MMT platelet orientation. 24299812 3 11 from humidity 504:511 arg1 drying 445:450 partial drying 437:450 partial drying at 50°C 437:458 MMT-levan composites were prepared by solution blending in water, coating on plastic surfaces, partial drying at 50°C, and conditioning in air at 50-60% relative humidity. 24299812 3 11 from humidity 504:511 arg1 conditioning 465:476 conditioning 465:476 conditioning in air at 50-60% relative humidity 465:511 MMT-levan composites were prepared by solution blending in water, coating on plastic surfaces, partial drying at 50°C, and conditioning in air at 50-60% relative humidity. 24299812 3 11 from humidity 504:511 arg1 air 481:483 air 481:483 air at 50-60% relative humidity 481:511 MMT-levan composites were prepared by solution blending in water, coating on plastic surfaces, partial drying at 50°C, and conditioning in air at 50-60% relative humidity. 24299812 3 11 from humidity 504:511 arg1 surfaces 427:434 plastic surfaces 419:434 plastic surfaces 419:434 MMT-levan composites were prepared by solution blending in water, coating on plastic surfaces, partial drying at 50°C, and conditioning in air at 50-60% relative humidity. 24299812 3 12 theme % 493:493 arg1 humidity 504:511 50-60% relative humidity 488:511 50-60% relative humidity 488:511 MMT-levan composites were prepared by solution blending in water, coating on plastic surfaces, partial drying at 50°C, and conditioning in air at 50-60% relative humidity. 24299812 6 13 theme MMT 985:987 arg1 oxygens 997:1003 MMT surface oxygens 985:1003 MMT surface oxygens 985:1003 FTIR results suggest that levan adheres to MMT via water-mediated hydrogen bonding between the levan's hydroxyl groups and MMT surface oxygens. 24299812 8 14 theme composites 1172:1181 arg1 moduli 1152:1157 The tensile moduli 1140:1157 The tensile moduli of levan-MMT composites 1140:1181 The tensile moduli of levan-MMT composites increase by as much as 480% relative to pure levan. 24299812 9 15 theme adsorbed 1381:1388 arg1 molecules 1396:1404 adsorbed levan molecules 1381:1404 adsorbed levan molecules 1381:1404 The XRD and mechanical property results suggest that MMT reinforces levan through a filler network structure composed of MMT platelets bridged by adsorbed levan molecules, enhanced when the MMT loading becomes high enough (5-10wt% MMT) to induce an isotropic-nematic transition in MMT platelet orientation. 24299812 7 16 theme transition 1084:1093 arg1 temperature 1095:1105 a well-defined glass transition temperature 1063:1105 a well-defined glass transition temperature that increases with MMT loading 1063:1137 MMT-levan composites have improved thermal stability and a well-defined glass transition temperature that increases with MMT loading. 24299812 9 17 theme platelet 1520:1527 arg1 orientation 1529:1539 MMT platelet orientation 1516:1539 MMT platelet orientation 1516:1539 The XRD and mechanical property results suggest that MMT reinforces levan through a filler network structure composed of MMT platelets bridged by adsorbed levan molecules, enhanced when the MMT loading becomes high enough (5-10wt% MMT) to induce an isotropic-nematic transition in MMT platelet orientation. 24299812 4 18 theme % 646:646 arg1 water 648:652 10-15 wt% water 638:652 10-15 wt% water 638:652 This process results in freestanding, transparent, and flexible films of pure levan and MMT-levan composites plasticized by 10-15 wt% water. 24299812 8 19 theme levan-MMT 1162:1170 arg1 composites 1172:1181 levan-MMT composites 1162:1181 levan-MMT composites 1162:1181 The tensile moduli of levan-MMT composites increase by as much as 480% relative to pure levan. 24299812 6 20 theme FTIR 862:865 arg1 results 867:873 FTIR results 862:873 FTIR results 862:873 FTIR results suggest that levan adheres to MMT via water-mediated hydrogen bonding between the levan's hydroxyl groups and MMT surface oxygens. 24299812 4 21 theme pure 587:590 arg1 levan 592:596 pure levan and MMT-levan composites 587:621 levan 592:596 This process results in freestanding, transparent, and flexible films of pure levan and MMT-levan composites plasticized by 10-15 wt% water. 24299812 4 22 theme wt 644:645 arg1 water 648:652 10-15 wt% water 638:652 10-15 wt% water 638:652 This process results in freestanding, transparent, and flexible films of pure levan and MMT-levan composites plasticized by 10-15 wt% water. 24299812 9 23 theme isotropic-nematic 1484:1500 arg1 transition 1502:1511 an isotropic-nematic transition 1481:1511 an isotropic-nematic transition 1481:1511 The XRD and mechanical property results suggest that MMT reinforces levan through a filler network structure composed of MMT platelets bridged by adsorbed levan molecules, enhanced when the MMT loading becomes high enough (5-10wt% MMT) to induce an isotropic-nematic transition in MMT platelet orientation. 24299812 9 24 theme mechanical 1247:1256 arg1 results 1267:1273 The XRD and mechanical property results 1235:1273 The XRD and mechanical property results 1235:1273 The XRD and mechanical property results suggest that MMT reinforces levan through a filler network structure composed of MMT platelets bridged by adsorbed levan molecules, enhanced when the MMT loading becomes high enough (5-10wt% MMT) to induce an isotropic-nematic transition in MMT platelet orientation. 24299812 7 25 theme well-defined 1065:1076 arg1 transition 1084:1093 a well-defined glass transition 1063:1093 a well-defined glass transition temperature that increases with MMT loading 1063:1137 MMT-levan composites have improved thermal stability and a well-defined glass transition temperature that increases with MMT loading. 24299812 5 26 theme greater 737:743 arg1 nm 734:735 an MMT interlayer spacing 0.62 nm 703:735 an MMT interlayer spacing 0.62 nm greater than that of the starting MMT 703:773 XRD patterns from levan-MMT composites indicate an MMT interlayer spacing 0.62 nm greater than that of the starting MMT, suggesting re-stacking of MMT platelets coated by adsorbed, uncoiled levan molecules. 24299812 2 27 theme stand-alone 323:333 arg1 films 335:339 stand-alone films 323:339 stand-alone films 323:339 Dry levan is very brittle, making it difficult to obtain stand-alone films. 24299812 7 28 contain have 1027:1030 arg2 stability 1049:1057 improved thermal stability 1032:1057 improved thermal stability 1032:1057 MMT-levan composites have improved thermal stability and a well-defined glass transition temperature that increases with MMT loading. 24299812 7 28 contain have 1027:1030 arg2 temperature 1095:1105 a well-defined glass transition temperature 1063:1105 a well-defined glass transition temperature that increases with MMT loading 1063:1137 MMT-levan composites have improved thermal stability and a well-defined glass transition temperature that increases with MMT loading. 24299812 7 28 contain have 1027:1030 arg1 composites 1016:1025 MMT-levan composites 1006:1025 MMT-levan composites 1006:1025 MMT-levan composites have improved thermal stability and a well-defined glass transition temperature that increases with MMT loading. 24299812 5 29 theme levan 845:849 arg1 molecules 851:859 adsorbed, uncoiled levan molecules 826:859 adsorbed, uncoiled levan molecules 826:859 XRD patterns from levan-MMT composites indicate an MMT interlayer spacing 0.62 nm greater than that of the starting MMT, suggesting re-stacking of MMT platelets coated by adsorbed, uncoiled levan molecules. 24299812 7 30 theme glass 1078:1082 arg1 transition 1084:1093 a well-defined glass transition 1063:1093 a well-defined glass transition temperature that increases with MMT loading 1063:1137 MMT-levan composites have improved thermal stability and a well-defined glass transition temperature that increases with MMT loading. 24299812 3 31 theme partial 437:443 arg1 drying 445:450 partial drying 437:450 partial drying at 50°C 437:458 MMT-levan composites were prepared by solution blending in water, coating on plastic surfaces, partial drying at 50°C, and conditioning in air at 50-60% relative humidity. 24299812 0 32 theme improved 42:49 arg1 properties 74:83 improved thermal and mechanical properties 42:83 improved thermal and mechanical properties 42:83 Montmorillonite-levan nanocomposites with improved thermal and mechanical properties. 24299812 4 33 theme freestanding 538:549 arg1 films 578:582 freestanding, transparent, and flexible films 538:582 freestanding, transparent, and flexible films of pure levan and MMT-levan composites plasticized by 10-15 wt% water 538:652 This process results in freestanding, transparent, and flexible films of pure levan and MMT-levan composites plasticized by 10-15 wt% water. 24299812 5 34 theme platelets 806:814 arg1 re-stacking 787:797 re-stacking 787:797 re-stacking of MMT platelets coated by adsorbed, uncoiled levan molecules 787:859 XRD patterns from levan-MMT composites indicate an MMT interlayer spacing 0.62 nm greater than that of the starting MMT, suggesting re-stacking of MMT platelets coated by adsorbed, uncoiled levan molecules. 24299812 5 35 theme MMT 802:804 arg1 platelets 806:814 MMT platelets 802:814 MMT platelets coated by adsorbed, uncoiled levan molecules 802:859 XRD patterns from levan-MMT composites indicate an MMT interlayer spacing 0.62 nm greater than that of the starting MMT, suggesting re-stacking of MMT platelets coated by adsorbed, uncoiled levan molecules. 24299812 9 36 theme network 1326:1332 arg1 structure 1334:1342 a filler network structure 1317:1342 a filler network structure composed of MMT platelets bridged by adsorbed levan molecules 1317:1404 The XRD and mechanical property results suggest that MMT reinforces levan through a filler network structure composed of MMT platelets bridged by adsorbed levan molecules, enhanced when the MMT loading becomes high enough (5-10wt% MMT) to induce an isotropic-nematic transition in MMT platelet orientation. 24299812 1 37 theme montmorillonite 183:197 arg1 clay 199:202 exfoliated montmorillonite clay 172:202 exfoliated montmorillonite clay blended with levan, a polysaccharide produced by Bacillus sp 172:263 This work reports on the structure and properties of novel nanocomposites composed of exfoliated montmorillonite clay blended with levan, a polysaccharide produced by Bacillus sp. 24299812 4 38 theme composites 612:621 arg1 films 578:582 freestanding, transparent, and flexible films 538:582 freestanding, transparent, and flexible films of pure levan and MMT-levan composites plasticized by 10-15 wt% water 538:652 This process results in freestanding, transparent, and flexible films of pure levan and MMT-levan composites plasticized by 10-15 wt% water. 24299812 3 39 theme plastic 419:425 arg1 surfaces 427:434 plastic surfaces 419:434 plastic surfaces 419:434 MMT-levan composites were prepared by solution blending in water, coating on plastic surfaces, partial drying at 50°C, and conditioning in air at 50-60% relative humidity. 24299812 4 40 theme transparent 552:562 arg1 films 578:582 freestanding, transparent, and flexible films 538:582 freestanding, transparent, and flexible films of pure levan and MMT-levan composites plasticized by 10-15 wt% water 538:652 This process results in freestanding, transparent, and flexible films of pure levan and MMT-levan composites plasticized by 10-15 wt% water. 24299812 7 41 theme thermal 1041:1047 arg1 stability 1049:1057 improved thermal stability 1032:1057 improved thermal stability 1032:1057 MMT-levan composites have improved thermal stability and a well-defined glass transition temperature that increases with MMT loading. 24299812 4 42 theme 10-15 638:642 arg1 wt 644:645 wt 644:645 wt 644:645 This process results in freestanding, transparent, and flexible films of pure levan and MMT-levan composites plasticized by 10-15 wt% water. 24299812 0 43 theme thermal 51:57 arg1 properties 74:83 improved thermal and mechanical properties 42:83 improved thermal and mechanical properties 42:83 Montmorillonite-levan nanocomposites with improved thermal and mechanical properties. 24299812 6 44 theme hydrogen 928:935 arg1 bonding 937:943 water-mediated hydrogen bonding 913:943 water-mediated hydrogen bonding between the levan's hydroxyl groups and MMT surface oxygens 913:1003 FTIR results suggest that levan adheres to MMT via water-mediated hydrogen bonding between the levan's hydroxyl groups and MMT surface oxygens. 24299812 5 45 theme MMT 706:708 arg1 nm 734:735 an MMT interlayer spacing 0.62 nm 703:735 an MMT interlayer spacing 0.62 nm greater than that of the starting MMT 703:773 XRD patterns from levan-MMT composites indicate an MMT interlayer spacing 0.62 nm greater than that of the starting MMT, suggesting re-stacking of MMT platelets coated by adsorbed, uncoiled levan molecules. 24299812 6 46 theme surface 989:995 arg1 oxygens 997:1003 MMT surface oxygens 985:1003 MMT surface oxygens 985:1003 FTIR results suggest that levan adheres to MMT via water-mediated hydrogen bonding between the levan's hydroxyl groups and MMT surface oxygens. 24299812 3 47 from 50°C 455:458 arg1 drying 445:450 partial drying 437:450 partial drying at 50°C 437:458 MMT-levan composites were prepared by solution blending in water, coating on plastic surfaces, partial drying at 50°C, and conditioning in air at 50-60% relative humidity. 24299812 3 47 from 50°C 455:458 arg1 conditioning 465:476 conditioning 465:476 conditioning in air at 50-60% relative humidity 465:511 MMT-levan composites were prepared by solution blending in water, coating on plastic surfaces, partial drying at 50°C, and conditioning in air at 50-60% relative humidity. 24299812 3 47 from 50°C 455:458 arg1 surfaces 427:434 plastic surfaces 419:434 plastic surfaces 419:434 MMT-levan composites were prepared by solution blending in water, coating on plastic surfaces, partial drying at 50°C, and conditioning in air at 50-60% relative humidity. 24299812 5 48 theme adsorbed 826:833 arg1 molecules 851:859 adsorbed, uncoiled levan molecules 826:859 adsorbed, uncoiled levan molecules 826:859 XRD patterns from levan-MMT composites indicate an MMT interlayer spacing 0.62 nm greater than that of the starting MMT, suggesting re-stacking of MMT platelets coated by adsorbed, uncoiled levan molecules. 24299812 8 49 theme relative 1211:1218 arg1 % 1209:1209 as much as 480% 1195:1209 as much as 480% relative to pure levan 1195:1232 The tensile moduli of levan-MMT composites increase by as much as 480% relative to pure levan. 24299812 6 50 theme water-mediated 913:926 arg1 bonding 937:943 water-mediated hydrogen bonding 913:943 water-mediated hydrogen bonding between the levan's hydroxyl groups and MMT surface oxygens 913:1003 FTIR results suggest that levan adheres to MMT via water-mediated hydrogen bonding between the levan's hydroxyl groups and MMT surface oxygens. 24299812 5 51 theme XRD 655:657 arg1 patterns 659:666 XRD patterns 655:666 XRD patterns from levan-MMT composites 655:692 XRD patterns from levan-MMT composites indicate an MMT interlayer spacing 0.62 nm greater than that of the starting MMT, suggesting re-stacking of MMT platelets coated by adsorbed, uncoiled levan molecules. 24299812 9 52 theme filler 1319:1324 arg1 structure 1334:1342 a filler network structure 1317:1342 a filler network structure composed of MMT platelets bridged by adsorbed levan molecules 1317:1404 The XRD and mechanical property results suggest that MMT reinforces levan through a filler network structure composed of MMT platelets bridged by adsorbed levan molecules, enhanced when the MMT loading becomes high enough (5-10wt% MMT) to induce an isotropic-nematic transition in MMT platelet orientation. 24299812 9 53 theme % 1464:1464 arg1 MMT 1466:1468 5-10wt% MMT 1458:1468 5-10wt% MMT 1458:1468 The XRD and mechanical property results suggest that MMT reinforces levan through a filler network structure composed of MMT platelets bridged by adsorbed levan molecules, enhanced when the MMT loading becomes high enough (5-10wt% MMT) to induce an isotropic-nematic transition in MMT platelet orientation. 24299812 0 54 theme mechanical 63:72 arg1 properties 74:83 improved thermal and mechanical properties 42:83 improved thermal and mechanical properties 42:83 Montmorillonite-levan nanocomposites with improved thermal and mechanical properties. 24299812 9 55 theme MMT 1356:1358 arg1 platelets 1360:1368 MMT platelets 1356:1368 MMT platelets bridged by adsorbed levan molecules 1356:1404 The XRD and mechanical property results suggest that MMT reinforces levan through a filler network structure composed of MMT platelets bridged by adsorbed levan molecules, enhanced when the MMT loading becomes high enough (5-10wt% MMT) to induce an isotropic-nematic transition in MMT platelet orientation. 24299812 7 56 theme improved 1032:1039 arg1 stability 1049:1057 improved thermal stability 1032:1057 improved thermal stability 1032:1057 MMT-levan composites have improved thermal stability and a well-defined glass transition temperature that increases with MMT loading. 24299812 3 57 theme 50-60 488:492 arg1 % 493:493 % 493:493 % 493:493 MMT-levan composites were prepared by solution blending in water, coating on plastic surfaces, partial drying at 50°C, and conditioning in air at 50-60% relative humidity. 24299812 9 58 dep reinforces 1292:1301 arg1 enhanced 1407:1414 enhanced 1407:1414 enhanced when the MMT loading becomes high enough (5-10wt% MMT) to induce an isotropic-nematic transition in MMT platelet orientation 1407:1539 The XRD and mechanical property results suggest that MMT reinforces levan through a filler network structure composed of MMT platelets bridged by adsorbed levan molecules, enhanced when the MMT loading becomes high enough (5-10wt% MMT) to induce an isotropic-nematic transition in MMT platelet orientation. 24299812 7 59 theme MMT-levan 1006:1014 arg1 composites 1016:1025 MMT-levan composites 1006:1025 MMT-levan composites 1006:1025 MMT-levan composites have improved thermal stability and a well-defined glass transition temperature that increases with MMT loading. 24299812 9 60 theme XRD 1239:1241 arg1 results 1267:1273 The XRD and mechanical property results 1235:1273 The XRD and mechanical property results 1235:1273 The XRD and mechanical property results suggest that MMT reinforces levan through a filler network structure composed of MMT platelets bridged by adsorbed levan molecules, enhanced when the MMT loading becomes high enough (5-10wt% MMT) to induce an isotropic-nematic transition in MMT platelet orientation. 24299812 5 61 theme starting 762:769 arg1 MMT 771:773 the starting MMT 758:773 the starting MMT 758:773 XRD patterns from levan-MMT composites indicate an MMT interlayer spacing 0.62 nm greater than that of the starting MMT, suggesting re-stacking of MMT platelets coated by adsorbed, uncoiled levan molecules. 24299812 3 62 from conditioning 465:476 arg1 humidity 504:511 50-60% relative humidity 488:511 50-60% relative humidity 488:511 MMT-levan composites were prepared by solution blending in water, coating on plastic surfaces, partial drying at 50°C, and conditioning in air at 50-60% relative humidity. 24299812 3 62 from conditioning 465:476 arg1 air 481:483 air 481:483 air at 50-60% relative humidity 481:511 MMT-levan composites were prepared by solution blending in water, coating on plastic surfaces, partial drying at 50°C, and conditioning in air at 50-60% relative humidity. 24299812 1 63 theme novel 139:143 arg1 nanocomposites 145:158 novel nanocomposites 139:158 novel nanocomposites composed of exfoliated montmorillonite clay blended with levan, a polysaccharide produced by Bacillus sp 139:263 This work reports on the structure and properties of novel nanocomposites composed of exfoliated montmorillonite clay blended with levan, a polysaccharide produced by Bacillus sp. 24299812 4 64 theme levan 592:596 arg1 films 578:582 freestanding, transparent, and flexible films 538:582 freestanding, transparent, and flexible films of pure levan and MMT-levan composites plasticized by 10-15 wt% water 538:652 This process results in freestanding, transparent, and flexible films of pure levan and MMT-levan composites plasticized by 10-15 wt% water. 24299812 5 65 theme levan-MMT 673:681 arg1 composites 683:692 levan-MMT composites 673:692 levan-MMT composites 673:692 XRD patterns from levan-MMT composites indicate an MMT interlayer spacing 0.62 nm greater than that of the starting MMT, suggesting re-stacking of MMT platelets coated by adsorbed, uncoiled levan molecules. 24299812 5 66 dep adsorbed 826:833 arg1 uncoiled 836:843 uncoiled 836:843 uncoiled 836:843 XRD patterns from levan-MMT composites indicate an MMT interlayer spacing 0.62 nm greater than that of the starting MMT, suggesting re-stacking of MMT platelets coated by adsorbed, uncoiled levan molecules. 24299812 1 67 theme nanocomposites 145:158 arg1 properties 125:134 properties 125:134 properties 125:134 This work reports on the structure and properties of novel nanocomposites composed of exfoliated montmorillonite clay blended with levan, a polysaccharide produced by Bacillus sp. 24299812 1 67 theme nanocomposites 145:158 arg1 structure 111:119 structure 111:119 structure 111:119 This work reports on the structure and properties of novel nanocomposites composed of exfoliated montmorillonite clay blended with levan, a polysaccharide produced by Bacillus sp. 24299812 1 68 theme Bacillus 253:260 arg1 sp 262:263 Bacillus sp 253:263 Bacillus sp 253:263 This work reports on the structure and properties of novel nanocomposites composed of exfoliated montmorillonite clay blended with levan, a polysaccharide produced by Bacillus sp. 24299812 3 69 theme MMT-levan 342:350 arg1 composites 352:361 MMT-levan composites 342:361 MMT-levan composites 342:361 MMT-levan composites were prepared by solution blending in water, coating on plastic surfaces, partial drying at 50°C, and conditioning in air at 50-60% relative humidity. 24299812 9 70 theme 5-10wt 1458:1463 arg1 MMT 1466:1468 5-10wt% MMT 1458:1468 5-10wt% MMT 1458:1468 The XRD and mechanical property results suggest that MMT reinforces levan through a filler network structure composed of MMT platelets bridged by adsorbed levan molecules, enhanced when the MMT loading becomes high enough (5-10wt% MMT) to induce an isotropic-nematic transition in MMT platelet orientation. 24299812 9 71 dep high 1445:1448 arg1 MMT 1466:1468 5-10wt% MMT 1458:1468 5-10wt% MMT 1458:1468 The XRD and mechanical property results suggest that MMT reinforces levan through a filler network structure composed of MMT platelets bridged by adsorbed levan molecules, enhanced when the MMT loading becomes high enough (5-10wt% MMT) to induce an isotropic-nematic transition in MMT platelet orientation. 24299812 1 72 dep structure 111:119 arg1 the 107:109 the 107:109 the 107:109 This work reports on the structure and properties of novel nanocomposites composed of exfoliated montmorillonite clay blended with levan, a polysaccharide produced by Bacillus sp. 24299812 9 73 theme MMT 1425:1427 arg1 loading 1429:1435 the MMT loading 1421:1435 the MMT loading 1421:1435 The XRD and mechanical property results suggest that MMT reinforces levan through a filler network structure composed of MMT platelets bridged by adsorbed levan molecules, enhanced when the MMT loading becomes high enough (5-10wt% MMT) to induce an isotropic-nematic transition in MMT platelet orientation. 24299812 4 74 theme MMT-levan 602:610 arg1 composites 612:621 pure levan and MMT-levan composites 587:621 composites 612:621 This process results in freestanding, transparent, and flexible films of pure levan and MMT-levan composites plasticized by 10-15 wt% water. 24299812 6 75 theme hydroxyl 965:972 arg1 groups 974:979 the levan's hydroxyl groups 953:979 the levan's hydroxyl groups 953:979 FTIR results suggest that levan adheres to MMT via water-mediated hydrogen bonding between the levan's hydroxyl groups and MMT surface oxygens. 24299812 9 76 theme property 1258:1265 arg1 results 1267:1273 The XRD and mechanical property results 1235:1273 The XRD and mechanical property results 1235:1273 The XRD and mechanical property results suggest that MMT reinforces levan through a filler network structure composed of MMT platelets bridged by adsorbed levan molecules, enhanced when the MMT loading becomes high enough (5-10wt% MMT) to induce an isotropic-nematic transition in MMT platelet orientation. 24299812 2 77 theme Dry 266:268 arg1 levan 270:274 Dry levan 266:274 Dry levan 266:274 Dry levan is very brittle, making it difficult to obtain stand-alone films. 24299812 3 78 from drying 445:450 arg1 humidity 504:511 50-60% relative humidity 488:511 50-60% relative humidity 488:511 MMT-levan composites were prepared by solution blending in water, coating on plastic surfaces, partial drying at 50°C, and conditioning in air at 50-60% relative humidity. 24299812 3 78 from drying 445:450 arg1 air 481:483 air 481:483 air at 50-60% relative humidity 481:511 MMT-levan composites were prepared by solution blending in water, coating on plastic surfaces, partial drying at 50°C, and conditioning in air at 50-60% relative humidity. 24299812 8 79 theme pure 1223:1226 arg1 levan 1228:1232 pure levan 1223:1232 pure levan 1223:1232 The tensile moduli of levan-MMT composites increase by as much as 480% relative to pure levan. 24299812 9 80 theme levan 1390:1394 arg1 molecules 1396:1404 adsorbed levan molecules 1381:1404 adsorbed levan molecules 1381:1404 The XRD and mechanical property results suggest that MMT reinforces levan through a filler network structure composed of MMT platelets bridged by adsorbed levan molecules, enhanced when the MMT loading becomes high enough (5-10wt% MMT) to induce an isotropic-nematic transition in MMT platelet orientation. 24299812 5 81 theme spacing 721:727 arg1 nm 734:735 an MMT interlayer spacing 0.62 nm 703:735 an MMT interlayer spacing 0.62 nm greater than that of the starting MMT 703:773 XRD patterns from levan-MMT composites indicate an MMT interlayer spacing 0.62 nm greater than that of the starting MMT, suggesting re-stacking of MMT platelets coated by adsorbed, uncoiled levan molecules. 25452248 12 0 theme hydraulic 1708:1716 arg1 efficiency 1718:1727 the hydraulic efficiency 1704:1727 the hydraulic efficiency 1704:1727 CONCLUSIONS Cellulose microfibrils, lignins and annulus-restricted pectins have different physicochemical properties (rigidity, hydrophobicity, porosity) that have different effects on the hydraulic functions of the PM, and these influence both the hydraulic efficiency and vulnerability to cavitation of the pits, including ion-mediated control of hydraulic conductance. 25452248 10 1 theme higher 1316:1321 arg1 labelling 1333:1341 higher cellulose labelling 1316:1341 higher cellulose labelling compared with the secondary wall of the vessel 1316:1388 The pit border also showed a specific labelling pattern, with higher cellulose labelling compared with the secondary wall of the vessel. 25452248 4 2 theme different 716:724 arg1 epitopes 726:733 different epitopes 716:733 different epitopes for each wall polysaccharide type and for lignins 716:783 METHODS Immunogold labelling with transmission electron microscopy was carried out with a set of antibodies raised against different epitopes for each wall polysaccharide type and for lignins. 25452248 12 3 contain have 1618:1621 arg2 effects 1633:1639 different effects 1623:1639 different effects on the hydraulic functions of the PM 1623:1676 CONCLUSIONS Cellulose microfibrils, lignins and annulus-restricted pectins have different physicochemical properties (rigidity, hydrophobicity, porosity) that have different effects on the hydraulic functions of the PM, and these influence both the hydraulic efficiency and vulnerability to cavitation of the pits, including ion-mediated control of hydraulic conductance. 25452248 12 3 contain have 1618:1621 arg1 properties 1565:1574 different physicochemical properties 1539:1574 different physicochemical properties (rigidity, hydrophobicity, porosity) that have different effects on the hydraulic functions of the PM 1539:1676 CONCLUSIONS Cellulose microfibrils, lignins and annulus-restricted pectins have different physicochemical properties (rigidity, hydrophobicity, porosity) that have different effects on the hydraulic functions of the PM, and these influence both the hydraulic efficiency and vulnerability to cavitation of the pits, including ion-mediated control of hydraulic conductance. 25452248 10 4 theme secondary 1361:1369 arg1 wall 1371:1374 the secondary wall 1357:1374 the secondary wall of the vessel 1357:1388 The pit border also showed a specific labelling pattern, with higher cellulose labelling compared with the secondary wall of the vessel. 25452248 13 5 theme low 1909:1911 arg1 wettability 1913:1923 low wettability 1909:1923 low wettability 1909:1923 Impregnation of the cellulose microfibrils of the PM with lignins, which have low wettability, may result in lower cavitation pressure for a given pore size and thus help to explain the vulnerability of this species to cavitation. 25452248 1 6 theme xylem 203:207 arg1 hydraulics 209:218 xylem hydraulics 203:218 xylem hydraulics 203:218 BACKGROUND AND AIMS The efficiency and safety functions of xylem hydraulics are strongly dependent on the pits that connect the xylem vessels. 25452248 4 7 theme electron 640:647 arg1 microscopy 649:658 transmission electron microscopy 627:658 transmission electron microscopy 627:658 METHODS Immunogold labelling with transmission electron microscopy was carried out with a set of antibodies raised against different epitopes for each wall polysaccharide type and for lignins. 25452248 3 8 theme hybrid 553:558 arg1 poplar 560:565 hybrid poplar 553:565 hybrid poplar (Populus tremula × alba) 553:590 In this study, the distribution of the epitopes of different wall components (cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectins and lignins) was analysed in intervessel pits of hybrid poplar (Populus tremula × alba). 25452248 3 8 theme hybrid 553:558 arg1 tremula × alba 576:589 Populus tremula × alba 568:589 Populus tremula × alba 568:589 In this study, the distribution of the epitopes of different wall components (cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectins and lignins) was analysed in intervessel pits of hybrid poplar (Populus tremula × alba). 25452248 4 9 with labelling 612:620 arg1 microscopy 649:658 transmission electron microscopy 627:658 transmission electron microscopy 627:658 METHODS Immunogold labelling with transmission electron microscopy was carried out with a set of antibodies raised against different epitopes for each wall polysaccharide type and for lignins. 25452248 7 10 theme crystalline 987:997 arg1 cellulose 999:1007 crystalline cellulose 987:1007 crystalline cellulose 987:1007 KEY RESULTS In mature vessels, the pit membrane (PM) was composed of crystalline cellulose and lignins. 25452248 7 11 from RESULTS 922:928 arg1 vessels 940:946 mature vessels 933:946 mature vessels 933:946 KEY RESULTS In mature vessels, the pit membrane (PM) was composed of crystalline cellulose and lignins. 25452248 7 11 from RESULTS 922:928 arg1 membrane 957:964 the pit membrane 949:964 the pit membrane (PM) 949:969 KEY RESULTS In mature vessels, the pit membrane (PM) was composed of crystalline cellulose and lignins. 25452248 12 12 theme PM 1675:1676 arg1 functions 1658:1666 the hydraulic functions 1644:1666 the hydraulic functions of the PM 1644:1676 CONCLUSIONS Cellulose microfibrils, lignins and annulus-restricted pectins have different physicochemical properties (rigidity, hydrophobicity, porosity) that have different effects on the hydraulic functions of the PM, and these influence both the hydraulic efficiency and vulnerability to cavitation of the pits, including ion-mediated control of hydraulic conductance. 25452248 12 13 theme physicochemical 1549:1563 arg1 properties 1565:1574 different physicochemical properties 1539:1574 different physicochemical properties (rigidity, hydrophobicity, porosity) that have different effects on the hydraulic functions of the PM 1539:1676 CONCLUSIONS Cellulose microfibrils, lignins and annulus-restricted pectins have different physicochemical properties (rigidity, hydrophobicity, porosity) that have different effects on the hydraulic functions of the PM, and these influence both the hydraulic efficiency and vulnerability to cavitation of the pits, including ion-mediated control of hydraulic conductance. 25452248 11 14 theme % 1420:1420 arg1 variation 1404:1412 Ion-mediated variation 1391:1412 Ion-mediated variation of 24 % 1391:1420 Ion-mediated variation of 24 % was found for hydraulic conductance. 25452248 9 15 theme whole 1224:1228 arg1 PM 1230:1231 the whole PM 1220:1231 the whole PM in immature vessels 1220:1251 Pectin epitopes in mature vessels were highly concentrated in the annulus, a restricted area of the PM, whereas they were initially found in the whole PM in immature vessels. 25452248 5 16 theme mature 831:836 arg1 vessels 838:844 both immature and mature vessels 813:844 both immature and mature vessels 813:844 Analyses were performed on both immature and mature vessels. 25452248 12 17 theme hydraulic 1648:1656 arg1 functions 1658:1666 the hydraulic functions 1644:1666 the hydraulic functions of the PM 1644:1676 CONCLUSIONS Cellulose microfibrils, lignins and annulus-restricted pectins have different physicochemical properties (rigidity, hydrophobicity, porosity) that have different effects on the hydraulic functions of the PM, and these influence both the hydraulic efficiency and vulnerability to cavitation of the pits, including ion-mediated control of hydraulic conductance. 25452248 12 18 theme annulus-restricted 1507:1524 arg1 pectins 1526:1532 annulus-restricted pectins 1507:1532 annulus-restricted pectins 1507:1532 CONCLUSIONS Cellulose microfibrils, lignins and annulus-restricted pectins have different physicochemical properties (rigidity, hydrophobicity, porosity) that have different effects on the hydraulic functions of the PM, and these influence both the hydraulic efficiency and vulnerability to cavitation of the pits, including ion-mediated control of hydraulic conductance. 25452248 10 19 theme vessel 1383:1388 arg1 wall 1371:1374 the secondary wall 1357:1374 the secondary wall of the vessel 1357:1388 The pit border also showed a specific labelling pattern, with higher cellulose labelling compared with the secondary wall of the vessel. 25452248 13 20 theme microfibrils 1861:1872 arg1 Impregnation 1831:1842 Impregnation 1831:1842 Impregnation 1831:1842 Impregnation of the cellulose microfibrils of the PM with lignins, which have low wettability, may result in lower cavitation pressure for a given pore size and thus help to explain the vulnerability of this species to cavitation. 25452248 7 21 theme pit 953:955 arg1 vessels 940:946 mature vessels 933:946 mature vessels 933:946 KEY RESULTS In mature vessels, the pit membrane (PM) was composed of crystalline cellulose and lignins. 25452248 7 21 theme pit 953:955 arg1 PM 967:968 PM 967:968 PM 967:968 KEY RESULTS In mature vessels, the pit membrane (PM) was composed of crystalline cellulose and lignins. 25452248 7 21 theme pit 953:955 arg1 membrane 957:964 the pit membrane 949:964 the pit membrane (PM) 949:969 KEY RESULTS In mature vessels, the pit membrane (PM) was composed of crystalline cellulose and lignins. 25452248 1 22 dep BACKGROUND 144:153 arg1 functions 190:198 The efficiency and safety functions 164:198 The efficiency and safety functions of xylem hydraulics 164:218 BACKGROUND AND AIMS The efficiency and safety functions of xylem hydraulics are strongly dependent on the pits that connect the xylem vessels. 25452248 1 22 dep BACKGROUND 144:153 arg1 dependent 233:241 dependent 233:241 dependent 233:241 BACKGROUND AND AIMS The efficiency and safety functions of xylem hydraulics are strongly dependent on the pits that connect the xylem vessels. 25452248 11 23 theme hydraulic 1436:1444 arg1 conductance 1446:1456 hydraulic conductance 1436:1456 hydraulic conductance 1436:1456 Ion-mediated variation of 24 % was found for hydraulic conductance. 25452248 0 24 theme hydraulic 96:104 arg1 properties 106:115 their hydraulic properties 90:115 their hydraulic properties 90:115 Immunolabelling of intervessel pits for polysaccharides and lignin helps in understanding their hydraulic properties in Populus tremula × alba. 25452248 12 25 theme different 1623:1631 arg1 effects 1633:1639 different effects 1623:1639 different effects on the hydraulic functions of the PM 1623:1676 CONCLUSIONS Cellulose microfibrils, lignins and annulus-restricted pectins have different physicochemical properties (rigidity, hydrophobicity, porosity) that have different effects on the hydraulic functions of the PM, and these influence both the hydraulic efficiency and vulnerability to cavitation of the pits, including ion-mediated control of hydraulic conductance. 25452248 7 26 theme mature 933:938 arg1 vessels 940:946 mature vessels 933:946 mature vessels 933:946 KEY RESULTS In mature vessels, the pit membrane (PM) was composed of crystalline cellulose and lignins. 25452248 7 26 theme mature 933:938 arg1 membrane 957:964 the pit membrane 949:964 the pit membrane (PM) 949:969 KEY RESULTS In mature vessels, the pit membrane (PM) was composed of crystalline cellulose and lignins. 25452248 4 27 theme wall 744:747 arg1 type 764:767 each wall polysaccharide type 739:767 each wall polysaccharide type 739:767 METHODS Immunogold labelling with transmission electron microscopy was carried out with a set of antibodies raised against different epitopes for each wall polysaccharide type and for lignins. 25452248 5 28 theme immature 818:825 arg1 vessels 838:844 both immature and mature vessels 813:844 both immature and mature vessels 813:844 Analyses were performed on both immature and mature vessels. 25452248 8 29 theme hemicellulose 1034:1046 arg1 epitopes 1048:1055 the hemicellulose epitopes 1030:1055 the hemicellulose epitopes 1030:1055 None of the hemicellulose epitopes were found in the PM. 25452248 0 30 theme intervessel 19:29 arg1 pits 31:34 intervessel pits 19:34 intervessel pits 19:34 Immunolabelling of intervessel pits for polysaccharides and lignin helps in understanding their hydraulic properties in Populus tremula × alba. 25452248 6 31 theme strength 871:878 arg1 effect 851:856 The effect 847:856 The effect of sap ionic strength on xylem conductance 847:899 The effect of sap ionic strength on xylem conductance was also tested. 25452248 11 32 theme Ion-mediated 1391:1402 arg1 variation 1404:1412 Ion-mediated variation 1391:1412 Ion-mediated variation of 24 % 1391:1420 Ion-mediated variation of 24 % was found for hydraulic conductance. 25452248 3 33 theme wall 452:455 arg1 components 457:466 different wall components 442:466 different wall components (cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectins and lignins) 442:515 In this study, the distribution of the epitopes of different wall components (cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectins and lignins) was analysed in intervessel pits of hybrid poplar (Populus tremula × alba). 25452248 6 34 theme sap 861:863 arg1 strength 871:878 sap ionic strength 861:878 sap ionic strength 861:878 The effect of sap ionic strength on xylem conductance was also tested. 25452248 12 35 dep CONCLUSIONS 1459:1469 arg1 microfibrils 1481:1492 Cellulose microfibrils 1471:1492 Cellulose microfibrils 1471:1492 CONCLUSIONS Cellulose microfibrils, lignins and annulus-restricted pectins have different physicochemical properties (rigidity, hydrophobicity, porosity) that have different effects on the hydraulic functions of the PM, and these influence both the hydraulic efficiency and vulnerability to cavitation of the pits, including ion-mediated control of hydraulic conductance. 25452248 9 36 theme mature 1098:1103 arg1 vessels 1105:1111 mature vessels 1098:1111 mature vessels 1098:1111 Pectin epitopes in mature vessels were highly concentrated in the annulus, a restricted area of the PM, whereas they were initially found in the whole PM in immature vessels. 25452248 12 37 theme ion-mediated 1784:1795 arg1 control 1797:1803 ion-mediated control 1784:1803 ion-mediated control of hydraulic conductance 1784:1828 CONCLUSIONS Cellulose microfibrils, lignins and annulus-restricted pectins have different physicochemical properties (rigidity, hydrophobicity, porosity) that have different effects on the hydraulic functions of the PM, and these influence both the hydraulic efficiency and vulnerability to cavitation of the pits, including ion-mediated control of hydraulic conductance. 25452248 7 38 theme KEY 918:920 arg1 RESULTS 922:928 KEY RESULTS 918:928 KEY RESULTS In mature vessels, the pit membrane (PM) 918:969 KEY RESULTS In mature vessels, the pit membrane (PM) was composed of crystalline cellulose and lignins. 25452248 12 39 theme hydraulic 1808:1816 arg1 conductance 1818:1828 hydraulic conductance 1808:1828 hydraulic conductance 1808:1828 CONCLUSIONS Cellulose microfibrils, lignins and annulus-restricted pectins have different physicochemical properties (rigidity, hydrophobicity, porosity) that have different effects on the hydraulic functions of the PM, and these influence both the hydraulic efficiency and vulnerability to cavitation of the pits, including ion-mediated control of hydraulic conductance. 25452248 3 40 dep components 457:466 arg1 lignins 508:514 lignins 508:514 lignins 508:514 In this study, the distribution of the epitopes of different wall components (cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectins and lignins) was analysed in intervessel pits of hybrid poplar (Populus tremula × alba). 25452248 3 40 dep components 457:466 arg1 pectins 496:502 pectins 496:502 pectins 496:502 In this study, the distribution of the epitopes of different wall components (cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectins and lignins) was analysed in intervessel pits of hybrid poplar (Populus tremula × alba). 25452248 3 40 dep components 457:466 arg1 hemicelluloses 480:493 hemicelluloses 480:493 hemicelluloses 480:493 In this study, the distribution of the epitopes of different wall components (cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectins and lignins) was analysed in intervessel pits of hybrid poplar (Populus tremula × alba). 25452248 3 40 dep components 457:466 arg1 cellulose 469:477 cellulose 469:477 cellulose 469:477 In this study, the distribution of the epitopes of different wall components (cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectins and lignins) was analysed in intervessel pits of hybrid poplar (Populus tremula × alba). 25452248 4 41 theme METHODS 593:599 arg1 labelling 612:620 METHODS Immunogold labelling 593:620 METHODS Immunogold labelling with transmission electron microscopy 593:658 METHODS Immunogold labelling with transmission electron microscopy was carried out with a set of antibodies raised against different epitopes for each wall polysaccharide type and for lignins. 25452248 13 42 theme cavitation 1946:1955 arg1 pressure 1957:1964 lower cavitation pressure 1940:1964 lower cavitation pressure for a given pore size 1940:1986 Impregnation of the cellulose microfibrils of the PM with lignins, which have low wettability, may result in lower cavitation pressure for a given pore size and thus help to explain the vulnerability of this species to cavitation. 25452248 9 43 located found 1211:1215 arg1 PM 1230:1231 the whole PM 1220:1231 the whole PM in immature vessels 1220:1251 Pectin epitopes in mature vessels were highly concentrated in the annulus, a restricted area of the PM, whereas they were initially found in the whole PM in immature vessels. 25452248 9 43 located found 1211:1215 arg2 they 1191:1194 they 1191:1194 they 1191:1194 Pectin epitopes in mature vessels were highly concentrated in the annulus, a restricted area of the PM, whereas they were initially found in the whole PM in immature vessels. 25452248 10 44 theme specific 1283:1290 arg1 pattern 1302:1308 a specific labelling pattern 1281:1308 a specific labelling pattern 1281:1308 The pit border also showed a specific labelling pattern, with higher cellulose labelling compared with the secondary wall of the vessel. 25452248 10 45 theme cellulose 1323:1331 arg1 labelling 1333:1341 higher cellulose labelling 1316:1341 higher cellulose labelling compared with the secondary wall of the vessel 1316:1388 The pit border also showed a specific labelling pattern, with higher cellulose labelling compared with the secondary wall of the vessel. 25452248 3 46 theme intervessel 533:543 arg1 pits 545:548 intervessel pits 533:548 intervessel pits of hybrid poplar (Populus tremula × alba) 533:590 In this study, the distribution of the epitopes of different wall components (cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectins and lignins) was analysed in intervessel pits of hybrid poplar (Populus tremula × alba). 25452248 1 47 theme xylem 272:276 arg1 vessels 278:284 the xylem vessels 268:284 the xylem vessels 268:284 BACKGROUND AND AIMS The efficiency and safety functions of xylem hydraulics are strongly dependent on the pits that connect the xylem vessels. 25452248 13 48 theme given 1972:1976 arg1 size 1983:1986 a given pore size 1970:1986 a given pore size 1970:1986 Impregnation of the cellulose microfibrils of the PM with lignins, which have low wettability, may result in lower cavitation pressure for a given pore size and thus help to explain the vulnerability of this species to cavitation. 25452248 12 49 from effects 1633:1639 arg1 functions 1658:1666 the hydraulic functions 1644:1666 the hydraulic functions of the PM 1644:1676 CONCLUSIONS Cellulose microfibrils, lignins and annulus-restricted pectins have different physicochemical properties (rigidity, hydrophobicity, porosity) that have different effects on the hydraulic functions of the PM, and these influence both the hydraulic efficiency and vulnerability to cavitation of the pits, including ion-mediated control of hydraulic conductance. 25452248 9 50 theme restricted 1156:1165 arg1 annulus 1145:1151 the annulus 1141:1151 the annulus 1141:1151 Pectin epitopes in mature vessels were highly concentrated in the annulus, a restricted area of the PM, whereas they were initially found in the whole PM in immature vessels. 25452248 9 50 theme restricted 1156:1165 arg1 area 1167:1170 a restricted area 1154:1170 a restricted area of the PM 1154:1180 Pectin epitopes in mature vessels were highly concentrated in the annulus, a restricted area of the PM, whereas they were initially found in the whole PM in immature vessels. 25452248 1 51 theme safety 183:188 arg1 functions 190:198 The efficiency and safety functions 164:198 The efficiency and safety functions of xylem hydraulics 164:218 BACKGROUND AND AIMS The efficiency and safety functions of xylem hydraulics are strongly dependent on the pits that connect the xylem vessels. 25452248 1 51 theme safety 183:188 arg1 dependent 233:241 dependent 233:241 dependent 233:241 BACKGROUND AND AIMS The efficiency and safety functions of xylem hydraulics are strongly dependent on the pits that connect the xylem vessels. 25452248 6 52 theme xylem 883:887 arg1 conductance 889:899 xylem conductance 883:899 xylem conductance 883:899 The effect of sap ionic strength on xylem conductance was also tested. 25452248 3 53 theme poplar 560:565 arg1 pits 545:548 intervessel pits 533:548 intervessel pits of hybrid poplar (Populus tremula × alba) 533:590 In this study, the distribution of the epitopes of different wall components (cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectins and lignins) was analysed in intervessel pits of hybrid poplar (Populus tremula × alba). 25452248 9 54 theme PM 1179:1180 arg1 annulus 1145:1151 the annulus 1141:1151 the annulus 1141:1151 Pectin epitopes in mature vessels were highly concentrated in the annulus, a restricted area of the PM, whereas they were initially found in the whole PM in immature vessels. 25452248 9 54 theme PM 1179:1180 arg1 area 1167:1170 a restricted area 1154:1170 a restricted area of the PM 1154:1180 Pectin epitopes in mature vessels were highly concentrated in the annulus, a restricted area of the PM, whereas they were initially found in the whole PM in immature vessels. 25452248 1 55 theme hydraulics 209:218 arg1 functions 190:198 The efficiency and safety functions 164:198 The efficiency and safety functions of xylem hydraulics 164:218 BACKGROUND AND AIMS The efficiency and safety functions of xylem hydraulics are strongly dependent on the pits that connect the xylem vessels. 25452248 1 55 theme hydraulics 209:218 arg1 dependent 233:241 dependent 233:241 dependent 233:241 BACKGROUND AND AIMS The efficiency and safety functions of xylem hydraulics are strongly dependent on the pits that connect the xylem vessels. 25452248 13 56 theme pore 1978:1981 arg1 size 1983:1986 a given pore size 1970:1986 a given pore size 1970:1986 Impregnation of the cellulose microfibrils of the PM with lignins, which have low wettability, may result in lower cavitation pressure for a given pore size and thus help to explain the vulnerability of this species to cavitation. 25452248 4 57 theme transmission 627:638 arg1 microscopy 649:658 transmission electron microscopy 627:658 transmission electron microscopy 627:658 METHODS Immunogold labelling with transmission electron microscopy was carried out with a set of antibodies raised against different epitopes for each wall polysaccharide type and for lignins. 25452248 12 58 theme different 1539:1547 arg1 properties 1565:1574 different physicochemical properties 1539:1574 different physicochemical properties (rigidity, hydrophobicity, porosity) that have different effects on the hydraulic functions of the PM 1539:1676 CONCLUSIONS Cellulose microfibrils, lignins and annulus-restricted pectins have different physicochemical properties (rigidity, hydrophobicity, porosity) that have different effects on the hydraulic functions of the PM, and these influence both the hydraulic efficiency and vulnerability to cavitation of the pits, including ion-mediated control of hydraulic conductance. 25452248 6 59 from effect 851:856 arg1 conductance 889:899 xylem conductance 883:899 xylem conductance 883:899 The effect of sap ionic strength on xylem conductance was also tested. 25452248 3 60 theme Populus 568:574 arg1 poplar 560:565 hybrid poplar 553:565 hybrid poplar (Populus tremula × alba) 553:590 In this study, the distribution of the epitopes of different wall components (cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectins and lignins) was analysed in intervessel pits of hybrid poplar (Populus tremula × alba). 25452248 3 60 theme Populus 568:574 arg1 tremula × alba 576:589 Populus tremula × alba 568:589 Populus tremula × alba 568:589 In this study, the distribution of the epitopes of different wall components (cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectins and lignins) was analysed in intervessel pits of hybrid poplar (Populus tremula × alba). 25452248 9 61 from PM 1230:1231 arg1 vessels 1245:1251 immature vessels 1236:1251 immature vessels 1236:1251 Pectin epitopes in mature vessels were highly concentrated in the annulus, a restricted area of the PM, whereas they were initially found in the whole PM in immature vessels. 25452248 8 62 located found 1062:1066 arg2 None 1022:1025 None 1022:1025 None of the hemicellulose epitopes 1022:1055 None of the hemicellulose epitopes were found in the PM. 25452248 8 62 located found 1062:1066 arg1 PM 1075:1076 the PM 1071:1076 the PM 1071:1076 None of the hemicellulose epitopes were found in the PM. 25452248 13 63 theme PM 1881:1882 arg1 microfibrils 1861:1872 the cellulose microfibrils 1847:1872 the cellulose microfibrils of the PM with lignins 1847:1895 Impregnation of the cellulose microfibrils of the PM with lignins, which have low wettability, may result in lower cavitation pressure for a given pore size and thus help to explain the vulnerability of this species to cavitation. 25452248 13 64 theme species 2039:2045 arg1 vulnerability 2017:2029 the vulnerability 2013:2029 the vulnerability of this species to cavitation 2013:2059 Impregnation of the cellulose microfibrils of the PM with lignins, which have low wettability, may result in lower cavitation pressure for a given pore size and thus help to explain the vulnerability of this species to cavitation. 25452248 13 65 theme cellulose 1851:1859 arg1 microfibrils 1861:1872 the cellulose microfibrils 1847:1872 the cellulose microfibrils of the PM with lignins 1847:1895 Impregnation of the cellulose microfibrils of the PM with lignins, which have low wettability, may result in lower cavitation pressure for a given pore size and thus help to explain the vulnerability of this species to cavitation. 25452248 1 66 theme efficiency 168:177 arg1 functions 190:198 The efficiency and safety functions 164:198 The efficiency and safety functions of xylem hydraulics 164:218 BACKGROUND AND AIMS The efficiency and safety functions of xylem hydraulics are strongly dependent on the pits that connect the xylem vessels. 25452248 1 66 theme efficiency 168:177 arg1 dependent 233:241 dependent 233:241 dependent 233:241 BACKGROUND AND AIMS The efficiency and safety functions of xylem hydraulics are strongly dependent on the pits that connect the xylem vessels. 25452248 12 67 theme Cellulose 1471:1479 arg1 microfibrils 1481:1492 Cellulose microfibrils 1471:1492 Cellulose microfibrils 1471:1492 CONCLUSIONS Cellulose microfibrils, lignins and annulus-restricted pectins have different physicochemical properties (rigidity, hydrophobicity, porosity) that have different effects on the hydraulic functions of the PM, and these influence both the hydraulic efficiency and vulnerability to cavitation of the pits, including ion-mediated control of hydraulic conductance. 25452248 4 68 theme antibodies 690:699 arg1 antibodies 690:699 antibodies 690:699 antibodies raised against different epitopes for each wall polysaccharide type and for lignins 690:783 METHODS Immunogold labelling with transmission electron microscopy was carried out with a set of antibodies raised against different epitopes for each wall polysaccharide type and for lignins. 25452248 4 68 theme antibodies 690:699 arg1 set 683:685 a set 681:685 a set of antibodies raised against different epitopes for each wall polysaccharide type and for lignins 681:783 METHODS Immunogold labelling with transmission electron microscopy was carried out with a set of antibodies raised against different epitopes for each wall polysaccharide type and for lignins. 25452248 9 69 theme immature 1236:1243 arg1 vessels 1245:1251 immature vessels 1236:1251 immature vessels 1236:1251 Pectin epitopes in mature vessels were highly concentrated in the annulus, a restricted area of the PM, whereas they were initially found in the whole PM in immature vessels. 25452248 13 70 with PM 1881:1882 arg1 lignins 1889:1895 lignins 1889:1895 lignins 1889:1895 Impregnation of the cellulose microfibrils of the PM with lignins, which have low wettability, may result in lower cavitation pressure for a given pore size and thus help to explain the vulnerability of this species to cavitation. 25452248 3 71 theme different 442:450 arg1 components 457:466 different wall components 442:466 different wall components (cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectins and lignins) 442:515 In this study, the distribution of the epitopes of different wall components (cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectins and lignins) was analysed in intervessel pits of hybrid poplar (Populus tremula × alba). 25452248 8 72 theme epitopes 1048:1055 arg1 None 1022:1025 None 1022:1025 None of the hemicellulose epitopes 1022:1055 None of the hemicellulose epitopes were found in the PM. 25452248 10 73 theme pit 1258:1260 arg1 border 1262:1267 The pit border 1254:1267 The pit border 1254:1267 The pit border also showed a specific labelling pattern, with higher cellulose labelling compared with the secondary wall of the vessel. 25452248 3 74 theme epitopes 430:437 arg1 distribution 410:421 the distribution 406:421 the distribution of the epitopes of different wall components (cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectins and lignins) 406:515 In this study, the distribution of the epitopes of different wall components (cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectins and lignins) was analysed in intervessel pits of hybrid poplar (Populus tremula × alba). 25452248 0 75 theme pits 31:34 arg1 Immunolabelling 0:14 Immunolabelling 0:14 Immunolabelling of intervessel pits for polysaccharides and lignin 0:65 Immunolabelling of intervessel pits for polysaccharides and lignin helps in understanding their hydraulic properties in Populus tremula × alba. 25452248 4 76 theme polysaccharide 749:762 arg1 type 764:767 each wall polysaccharide type 739:767 each wall polysaccharide type 739:767 METHODS Immunogold labelling with transmission electron microscopy was carried out with a set of antibodies raised against different epitopes for each wall polysaccharide type and for lignins. 25452248 9 77 theme Pectin 1079:1084 arg1 epitopes 1086:1093 Pectin epitopes 1079:1093 Pectin epitopes in mature vessels 1079:1111 Pectin epitopes in mature vessels were highly concentrated in the annulus, a restricted area of the PM, whereas they were initially found in the whole PM in immature vessels. 25452248 6 78 theme ionic 865:869 arg1 strength 871:878 sap ionic strength 861:878 sap ionic strength 861:878 The effect of sap ionic strength on xylem conductance was also tested. 25452248 9 79 dep concentrated 1125:1136 arg1 whereas 1183:1189 whereas 1183:1189 whereas 1183:1189 Pectin epitopes in mature vessels were highly concentrated in the annulus, a restricted area of the PM, whereas they were initially found in the whole PM in immature vessels. 25452248 9 80 from epitopes 1086:1093 arg1 vessels 1105:1111 mature vessels 1098:1111 mature vessels 1098:1111 Pectin epitopes in mature vessels were highly concentrated in the annulus, a restricted area of the PM, whereas they were initially found in the whole PM in immature vessels. 25452248 3 81 theme components 457:466 arg1 epitopes 430:437 the epitopes 426:437 the epitopes of different wall components (cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectins and lignins) 426:515 In this study, the distribution of the epitopes of different wall components (cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectins and lignins) was analysed in intervessel pits of hybrid poplar (Populus tremula × alba). 25452248 12 82 theme pits 1768:1771 arg1 efficiency 1718:1727 the hydraulic efficiency 1704:1727 the hydraulic efficiency 1704:1727 CONCLUSIONS Cellulose microfibrils, lignins and annulus-restricted pectins have different physicochemical properties (rigidity, hydrophobicity, porosity) that have different effects on the hydraulic functions of the PM, and these influence both the hydraulic efficiency and vulnerability to cavitation of the pits, including ion-mediated control of hydraulic conductance. 25452248 12 82 theme pits 1768:1771 arg1 vulnerability 1733:1745 vulnerability 1733:1745 vulnerability to cavitation of the pits, including ion-mediated control of hydraulic conductance 1733:1828 CONCLUSIONS Cellulose microfibrils, lignins and annulus-restricted pectins have different physicochemical properties (rigidity, hydrophobicity, porosity) that have different effects on the hydraulic functions of the PM, and these influence both the hydraulic efficiency and vulnerability to cavitation of the pits, including ion-mediated control of hydraulic conductance. 25452248 13 83 contain have 1904:1907 arg1 Impregnation 1831:1842 Impregnation 1831:1842 Impregnation 1831:1842 Impregnation of the cellulose microfibrils of the PM with lignins, which have low wettability, may result in lower cavitation pressure for a given pore size and thus help to explain the vulnerability of this species to cavitation. 25452248 13 83 contain have 1904:1907 arg2 wettability 1913:1923 low wettability 1909:1923 low wettability 1909:1923 Impregnation of the cellulose microfibrils of the PM with lignins, which have low wettability, may result in lower cavitation pressure for a given pore size and thus help to explain the vulnerability of this species to cavitation. 25452248 12 84 contain have 1534:1537 arg1 CONCLUSIONS 1459:1469 CONCLUSIONS 1459:1469 CONCLUSIONS 1459:1469 CONCLUSIONS Cellulose microfibrils, lignins and annulus-restricted pectins have different physicochemical properties (rigidity, hydrophobicity, porosity) that have different effects on the hydraulic functions of the PM, and these influence both the hydraulic efficiency and vulnerability to cavitation of the pits, including ion-mediated control of hydraulic conductance. 25452248 12 84 contain have 1534:1537 arg2 properties 1565:1574 different physicochemical properties 1539:1574 different physicochemical properties (rigidity, hydrophobicity, porosity) that have different effects on the hydraulic functions of the PM 1539:1676 CONCLUSIONS Cellulose microfibrils, lignins and annulus-restricted pectins have different physicochemical properties (rigidity, hydrophobicity, porosity) that have different effects on the hydraulic functions of the PM, and these influence both the hydraulic efficiency and vulnerability to cavitation of the pits, including ion-mediated control of hydraulic conductance. 25452248 12 84 contain have 1534:1537 arg1 lignins 1495:1501 lignins 1495:1501 lignins 1495:1501 CONCLUSIONS Cellulose microfibrils, lignins and annulus-restricted pectins have different physicochemical properties (rigidity, hydrophobicity, porosity) that have different effects on the hydraulic functions of the PM, and these influence both the hydraulic efficiency and vulnerability to cavitation of the pits, including ion-mediated control of hydraulic conductance. 25452248 12 84 contain have 1534:1537 arg1 pectins 1526:1532 annulus-restricted pectins 1507:1532 annulus-restricted pectins 1507:1532 CONCLUSIONS Cellulose microfibrils, lignins and annulus-restricted pectins have different physicochemical properties (rigidity, hydrophobicity, porosity) that have different effects on the hydraulic functions of the PM, and these influence both the hydraulic efficiency and vulnerability to cavitation of the pits, including ion-mediated control of hydraulic conductance. 25452248 12 85 theme conductance 1818:1828 arg1 control 1797:1803 ion-mediated control 1784:1803 ion-mediated control of hydraulic conductance 1784:1828 CONCLUSIONS Cellulose microfibrils, lignins and annulus-restricted pectins have different physicochemical properties (rigidity, hydrophobicity, porosity) that have different effects on the hydraulic functions of the PM, and these influence both the hydraulic efficiency and vulnerability to cavitation of the pits, including ion-mediated control of hydraulic conductance. 25452248 4 86 theme Immunogold 601:610 arg1 labelling 612:620 METHODS Immunogold labelling 593:620 METHODS Immunogold labelling with transmission electron microscopy 593:658 METHODS Immunogold labelling with transmission electron microscopy was carried out with a set of antibodies raised against different epitopes for each wall polysaccharide type and for lignins. 25452248 13 87 theme lower 1940:1944 arg1 pressure 1957:1964 lower cavitation pressure 1940:1964 lower cavitation pressure for a given pore size 1940:1986 Impregnation of the cellulose microfibrils of the PM with lignins, which have low wettability, may result in lower cavitation pressure for a given pore size and thus help to explain the vulnerability of this species to cavitation. 25452248 2 88 theme biochemical 324:334 arg1 composition 336:346 their biochemical composition 318:346 their biochemical composition 318:346 However, little is known about their biochemical composition and thus about their hydraulic properties. 25452248 12 89 dep properties 1565:1574 arg1 rigidity 1577:1584 rigidity 1577:1584 rigidity 1577:1584 CONCLUSIONS Cellulose microfibrils, lignins and annulus-restricted pectins have different physicochemical properties (rigidity, hydrophobicity, porosity) that have different effects on the hydraulic functions of the PM, and these influence both the hydraulic efficiency and vulnerability to cavitation of the pits, including ion-mediated control of hydraulic conductance. 25452248 12 89 dep properties 1565:1574 arg1 porosity 1603:1610 porosity 1603:1610 porosity 1603:1610 CONCLUSIONS Cellulose microfibrils, lignins and annulus-restricted pectins have different physicochemical properties (rigidity, hydrophobicity, porosity) that have different effects on the hydraulic functions of the PM, and these influence both the hydraulic efficiency and vulnerability to cavitation of the pits, including ion-mediated control of hydraulic conductance. 25452248 12 89 dep properties 1565:1574 arg1 hydrophobicity 1587:1600 hydrophobicity 1587:1600 hydrophobicity 1587:1600 CONCLUSIONS Cellulose microfibrils, lignins and annulus-restricted pectins have different physicochemical properties (rigidity, hydrophobicity, porosity) that have different effects on the hydraulic functions of the PM, and these influence both the hydraulic efficiency and vulnerability to cavitation of the pits, including ion-mediated control of hydraulic conductance. 25452248 10 90 theme labelling 1292:1300 arg1 pattern 1302:1308 a specific labelling pattern 1281:1308 a specific labelling pattern 1281:1308 The pit border also showed a specific labelling pattern, with higher cellulose labelling compared with the secondary wall of the vessel. 25452248 2 91 theme hydraulic 369:377 arg1 properties 379:388 their hydraulic properties 363:388 their hydraulic properties 363:388 However, little is known about their biochemical composition and thus about their hydraulic properties. 24690466 4 0 theme cheap 841:845 arg1 purity 833:838 food grade purity 822:838 food grade purity 822:838 The proposed biocatalysts are of food grade purity, cheap and easy to prepare, and they are attractive for bioprocess development based on immobilised cells. 24690466 1 1 theme tubular 166:172 arg1 abbr 185:188 abbr 185:188 abbr 185:188 Porous delignified cellulose (or tubular cellulose, abbr. 24690466 1 1 theme tubular 166:172 arg1 cellulose 174:182 tubular cellulose 166:182 tubular cellulose 166:182 Porous delignified cellulose (or tubular cellulose, abbr. 24690466 2 2 theme media 475:479 arg1 fermentation 425:436 lactic acid fermentation 413:436 lactic acid fermentation of cheese whey and synthetic lactose media 413:479 TC) from Indian Mango (Mangifera indica) and Sal (Shorea robusta) wood and Rice husk, and TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic acid composites, were used as Lactobacillus bulgaricus immobilisation carriers leading to improvements in lactic acid fermentation of cheese whey and synthetic lactose media, compared to free cells. 24690466 3 3 theme volatile 644:651 arg1 by-products 653:663 volatile by-products 644:663 volatile by-products 644:663 Specifically, shorter fermentation rates, higher lactic acid yields (g/g sugar utilised) and productivities (g/Ld), and higher amounts of volatile by-products were achieved, while no significant differences were observed on the performance of the different immobilised biocatalysts. 24690466 5 4 used used 982:985 arg2 biocatalysts 962:973 Such composite biocatalysts 947:973 Such composite biocatalysts 947:973 Such composite biocatalysts may be used for the co-immobilisation of different microorganisms or enzymes (in separate layers of the biocatalyst), to efficiently conduct different types of fermentations in the same bioreactor, avoiding inhibition problems of chemical or biological (competition) nature. 24690466 0 5 theme alginate/poly-lactic 95:114 arg1 composites 121:130 their alginate/poly-lactic acid composites 89:130 their alginate/poly-lactic acid composites 89:130 Lactic acid fermentation by cells immobilised on various porous cellulosic materials and their alginate/poly-lactic acid composites. 24690466 3 6 theme by-products 653:663 arg1 g/Ld 615:618 g/Ld 615:618 g/Ld 615:618 Specifically, shorter fermentation rates, higher lactic acid yields (g/g sugar utilised) and productivities (g/Ld), and higher amounts of volatile by-products were achieved, while no significant differences were observed on the performance of the different immobilised biocatalysts. 24690466 3 6 theme by-products 653:663 arg1 by-products 653:663 volatile by-products 644:663 volatile by-products 644:663 Specifically, shorter fermentation rates, higher lactic acid yields (g/g sugar utilised) and productivities (g/Ld), and higher amounts of volatile by-products were achieved, while no significant differences were observed on the performance of the different immobilised biocatalysts. 24690466 3 6 theme by-products 653:663 arg1 productivities 599:612 productivities 599:612 productivities (g/Ld) 599:619 Specifically, shorter fermentation rates, higher lactic acid yields (g/g sugar utilised) and productivities (g/Ld), and higher amounts of volatile by-products were achieved, while no significant differences were observed on the performance of the different immobilised biocatalysts. 24690466 3 6 theme by-products 653:663 arg1 yields 567:572 higher lactic acid yields 548:572 higher lactic acid yields (g/g sugar utilised) 548:593 Specifically, shorter fermentation rates, higher lactic acid yields (g/g sugar utilised) and productivities (g/Ld), and higher amounts of volatile by-products were achieved, while no significant differences were observed on the performance of the different immobilised biocatalysts. 24690466 3 6 theme by-products 653:663 arg1 rates 541:545 shorter fermentation rates 520:545 shorter fermentation rates 520:545 Specifically, shorter fermentation rates, higher lactic acid yields (g/g sugar utilised) and productivities (g/Ld), and higher amounts of volatile by-products were achieved, while no significant differences were observed on the performance of the different immobilised biocatalysts. 24690466 3 6 theme by-products 653:663 arg1 amounts 633:639 higher amounts 626:639 higher amounts of volatile by-products 626:663 Specifically, shorter fermentation rates, higher lactic acid yields (g/g sugar utilised) and productivities (g/Ld), and higher amounts of volatile by-products were achieved, while no significant differences were observed on the performance of the different immobilised biocatalysts. 24690466 4 7 theme easy 851:854 arg1 purity 833:838 food grade purity 822:838 food grade purity 822:838 The proposed biocatalysts are of food grade purity, cheap and easy to prepare, and they are attractive for bioprocess development based on immobilised cells. 24690466 2 8 used used 329:332 arg2 carriers 377:384 Lactobacillus bulgaricus immobilisation carriers 337:384 Lactobacillus bulgaricus immobilisation carriers leading to improvements in lactic acid fermentation of cheese whey and synthetic lactose media 337:479 TC) from Indian Mango (Mangifera indica) and Sal (Shorea robusta) wood and Rice husk, and TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic acid composites, were used as Lactobacillus bulgaricus immobilisation carriers leading to improvements in lactic acid fermentation of cheese whey and synthetic lactose media, compared to free cells. 24690466 2 8 used used 329:332 arg2 TC 191:192 TC 191:192 TC 191:192 TC) from Indian Mango (Mangifera indica) and Sal (Shorea robusta) wood and Rice husk, and TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic acid composites, were used as Lactobacillus bulgaricus immobilisation carriers leading to improvements in lactic acid fermentation of cheese whey and synthetic lactose media, compared to free cells. 24690466 2 8 used used 329:332 arg2 composites 312:321 TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic acid composites 281:321 TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic acid composites 281:321 TC) from Indian Mango (Mangifera indica) and Sal (Shorea robusta) wood and Rice husk, and TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic acid composites, were used as Lactobacillus bulgaricus immobilisation carriers leading to improvements in lactic acid fermentation of cheese whey and synthetic lactose media, compared to free cells. 24690466 3 9 theme fermentation 528:539 arg1 rates 541:545 shorter fermentation rates 520:545 shorter fermentation rates 520:545 Specifically, shorter fermentation rates, higher lactic acid yields (g/g sugar utilised) and productivities (g/Ld), and higher amounts of volatile by-products were achieved, while no significant differences were observed on the performance of the different immobilised biocatalysts. 24690466 3 10 theme higher 548:553 arg1 yields 567:572 higher lactic acid yields 548:572 higher lactic acid yields (g/g sugar utilised) 548:593 Specifically, shorter fermentation rates, higher lactic acid yields (g/g sugar utilised) and productivities (g/Ld), and higher amounts of volatile by-products were achieved, while no significant differences were observed on the performance of the different immobilised biocatalysts. 24690466 4 11 theme bioprocess 896:905 arg1 development 907:917 bioprocess development 896:917 bioprocess development based on immobilised cells 896:944 The proposed biocatalysts are of food grade purity, cheap and easy to prepare, and they are attractive for bioprocess development based on immobilised cells. 24690466 1 12 dep cellulose 152:160 arg1 abbr 185:188 abbr 185:188 abbr 185:188 Porous delignified cellulose (or tubular cellulose, abbr. 24690466 1 12 dep cellulose 152:160 arg1 cellulose 174:182 tubular cellulose 166:182 tubular cellulose 166:182 Porous delignified cellulose (or tubular cellulose, abbr. 24690466 5 13 theme inhibition 1182:1191 arg1 problems 1193:1200 inhibition problems 1182:1200 inhibition problems of chemical or biological (competition) nature 1182:1247 Such composite biocatalysts may be used for the co-immobilisation of different microorganisms or enzymes (in separate layers of the biocatalyst), to efficiently conduct different types of fermentations in the same bioreactor, avoiding inhibition problems of chemical or biological (competition) nature. 24690466 5 14 from enzymes 1044:1050 arg1 layers 1065:1070 separate layers 1056:1070 separate layers of the biocatalyst 1056:1089 Such composite biocatalysts may be used for the co-immobilisation of different microorganisms or enzymes (in separate layers of the biocatalyst), to efficiently conduct different types of fermentations in the same bioreactor, avoiding inhibition problems of chemical or biological (competition) nature. 24690466 3 15 theme significant 689:699 arg1 differences 701:711 no significant differences 686:711 no significant differences 686:711 Specifically, shorter fermentation rates, higher lactic acid yields (g/g sugar utilised) and productivities (g/Ld), and higher amounts of volatile by-products were achieved, while no significant differences were observed on the performance of the different immobilised biocatalysts. 24690466 4 16 theme food 822:825 arg1 purity 833:838 food grade purity 822:838 food grade purity 822:838 The proposed biocatalysts are of food grade purity, cheap and easy to prepare, and they are attractive for bioprocess development based on immobilised cells. 24690466 2 17 dep Shorea 241:246 arg1 robusta 248:254 Shorea robusta 241:254 Shorea robusta 241:254 TC) from Indian Mango (Mangifera indica) and Sal (Shorea robusta) wood and Rice husk, and TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic acid composites, were used as Lactobacillus bulgaricus immobilisation carriers leading to improvements in lactic acid fermentation of cheese whey and synthetic lactose media, compared to free cells. 24690466 3 18 dep yields 567:572 arg1 sugar 579:583 g/g sugar 575:583 g/g sugar utilised 575:592 Specifically, shorter fermentation rates, higher lactic acid yields (g/g sugar utilised) and productivities (g/Ld), and higher amounts of volatile by-products were achieved, while no significant differences were observed on the performance of the different immobilised biocatalysts. 24690466 0 19 theme acid 116:119 arg1 composites 121:130 their alginate/poly-lactic acid composites 89:130 their alginate/poly-lactic acid composites 89:130 Lactic acid fermentation by cells immobilised on various porous cellulosic materials and their alginate/poly-lactic acid composites. 24690466 3 20 theme shorter 520:526 arg1 rates 541:545 shorter fermentation rates 520:545 shorter fermentation rates 520:545 Specifically, shorter fermentation rates, higher lactic acid yields (g/g sugar utilised) and productivities (g/Ld), and higher amounts of volatile by-products were achieved, while no significant differences were observed on the performance of the different immobilised biocatalysts. 24690466 0 21 theme acid 7:10 arg1 fermentation 12:23 Lactic acid fermentation 0:23 Lactic acid fermentation by cells 0:32 Lactic acid fermentation by cells immobilised on various porous cellulosic materials and their alginate/poly-lactic acid composites. 24690466 5 22 theme biocatalyst 1079:1089 arg1 layers 1065:1070 separate layers 1056:1070 separate layers of the biocatalyst 1056:1089 Such composite biocatalysts may be used for the co-immobilisation of different microorganisms or enzymes (in separate layers of the biocatalyst), to efficiently conduct different types of fermentations in the same bioreactor, avoiding inhibition problems of chemical or biological (competition) nature. 24690466 5 23 from microorganisms 1026:1039 arg1 layers 1065:1070 separate layers 1056:1070 separate layers of the biocatalyst 1056:1089 Such composite biocatalysts may be used for the co-immobilisation of different microorganisms or enzymes (in separate layers of the biocatalyst), to efficiently conduct different types of fermentations in the same bioreactor, avoiding inhibition problems of chemical or biological (competition) nature. 24690466 3 24 theme lactic 555:560 arg1 yields 567:572 higher lactic acid yields 548:572 higher lactic acid yields (g/g sugar utilised) 548:593 Specifically, shorter fermentation rates, higher lactic acid yields (g/g sugar utilised) and productivities (g/Ld), and higher amounts of volatile by-products were achieved, while no significant differences were observed on the performance of the different immobilised biocatalysts. 24690466 2 25 theme immobilisation 362:375 arg1 carriers 377:384 Lactobacillus bulgaricus immobilisation carriers 337:384 Lactobacillus bulgaricus immobilisation carriers leading to improvements in lactic acid fermentation of cheese whey and synthetic lactose media 337:479 TC) from Indian Mango (Mangifera indica) and Sal (Shorea robusta) wood and Rice husk, and TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic acid composites, were used as Lactobacillus bulgaricus immobilisation carriers leading to improvements in lactic acid fermentation of cheese whey and synthetic lactose media, compared to free cells. 24690466 2 25 theme immobilisation 362:375 arg1 composites 312:321 TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic acid composites 281:321 TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic acid composites 281:321 TC) from Indian Mango (Mangifera indica) and Sal (Shorea robusta) wood and Rice husk, and TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic acid composites, were used as Lactobacillus bulgaricus immobilisation carriers leading to improvements in lactic acid fermentation of cheese whey and synthetic lactose media, compared to free cells. 24690466 2 25 theme immobilisation 362:375 arg1 TC 191:192 TC 191:192 TC 191:192 TC) from Indian Mango (Mangifera indica) and Sal (Shorea robusta) wood and Rice husk, and TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic acid composites, were used as Lactobacillus bulgaricus immobilisation carriers leading to improvements in lactic acid fermentation of cheese whey and synthetic lactose media, compared to free cells. 24690466 0 26 theme Lactic 0:5 arg1 fermentation 12:23 Lactic acid fermentation 0:23 Lactic acid fermentation by cells 0:32 Lactic acid fermentation by cells immobilised on various porous cellulosic materials and their alginate/poly-lactic acid composites. 24690466 5 27 theme fermentations 1135:1147 arg1 types 1126:1130 different types 1116:1130 different types of fermentations 1116:1147 Such composite biocatalysts may be used for the co-immobilisation of different microorganisms or enzymes (in separate layers of the biocatalyst), to efficiently conduct different types of fermentations in the same bioreactor, avoiding inhibition problems of chemical or biological (competition) nature. 24690466 4 28 theme grade 827:831 arg1 purity 833:838 food grade purity 822:838 food grade purity 822:838 The proposed biocatalysts are of food grade purity, cheap and easy to prepare, and they are attractive for bioprocess development based on immobilised cells. 24690466 5 29 dep biological 1217:1226 arg1 competition 1229:1239 competition 1229:1239 competition 1229:1239 Such composite biocatalysts may be used for the co-immobilisation of different microorganisms or enzymes (in separate layers of the biocatalyst), to efficiently conduct different types of fermentations in the same bioreactor, avoiding inhibition problems of chemical or biological (competition) nature. 24690466 3 30 theme acid 562:565 arg1 yields 567:572 higher lactic acid yields 548:572 higher lactic acid yields (g/g sugar utilised) 548:593 Specifically, shorter fermentation rates, higher lactic acid yields (g/g sugar utilised) and productivities (g/Ld), and higher amounts of volatile by-products were achieved, while no significant differences were observed on the performance of the different immobilised biocatalysts. 24690466 2 31 theme bulgaricus 351:360 arg1 carriers 377:384 Lactobacillus bulgaricus immobilisation carriers 337:384 Lactobacillus bulgaricus immobilisation carriers leading to improvements in lactic acid fermentation of cheese whey and synthetic lactose media 337:479 TC) from Indian Mango (Mangifera indica) and Sal (Shorea robusta) wood and Rice husk, and TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic acid composites, were used as Lactobacillus bulgaricus immobilisation carriers leading to improvements in lactic acid fermentation of cheese whey and synthetic lactose media, compared to free cells. 24690466 2 31 theme bulgaricus 351:360 arg1 composites 312:321 TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic acid composites 281:321 TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic acid composites 281:321 TC) from Indian Mango (Mangifera indica) and Sal (Shorea robusta) wood and Rice husk, and TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic acid composites, were used as Lactobacillus bulgaricus immobilisation carriers leading to improvements in lactic acid fermentation of cheese whey and synthetic lactose media, compared to free cells. 24690466 2 31 theme bulgaricus 351:360 arg1 TC 191:192 TC 191:192 TC 191:192 TC) from Indian Mango (Mangifera indica) and Sal (Shorea robusta) wood and Rice husk, and TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic acid composites, were used as Lactobacillus bulgaricus immobilisation carriers leading to improvements in lactic acid fermentation of cheese whey and synthetic lactose media, compared to free cells. 24690466 5 32 from layers 1065:1070 arg1 co-immobilisation 995:1011 the co-immobilisation 991:1011 the co-immobilisation of different microorganisms or enzymes (in separate layers of the biocatalyst) 991:1090 Such composite biocatalysts may be used for the co-immobilisation of different microorganisms or enzymes (in separate layers of the biocatalyst), to efficiently conduct different types of fermentations in the same bioreactor, avoiding inhibition problems of chemical or biological (competition) nature. 24690466 5 33 theme separate 1056:1063 arg1 layers 1065:1070 separate layers 1056:1070 separate layers of the biocatalyst 1056:1089 Such composite biocatalysts may be used for the co-immobilisation of different microorganisms or enzymes (in separate layers of the biocatalyst), to efficiently conduct different types of fermentations in the same bioreactor, avoiding inhibition problems of chemical or biological (competition) nature. 24690466 4 34 theme proposed 793:800 arg1 biocatalysts 802:813 The proposed biocatalysts 789:813 The proposed biocatalysts 789:813 The proposed biocatalysts are of food grade purity, cheap and easy to prepare, and they are attractive for bioprocess development based on immobilised cells. 24690466 2 35 theme lactic 413:418 arg1 acid 420:423 lactic acid 413:423 lactic acid fermentation of cheese whey and synthetic lactose media 413:479 TC) from Indian Mango (Mangifera indica) and Sal (Shorea robusta) wood and Rice husk, and TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic acid composites, were used as Lactobacillus bulgaricus immobilisation carriers leading to improvements in lactic acid fermentation of cheese whey and synthetic lactose media, compared to free cells. 24690466 2 36 theme acid 420:423 arg1 fermentation 425:436 lactic acid fermentation 413:436 lactic acid fermentation of cheese whey and synthetic lactose media 413:479 TC) from Indian Mango (Mangifera indica) and Sal (Shorea robusta) wood and Rice husk, and TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic acid composites, were used as Lactobacillus bulgaricus immobilisation carriers leading to improvements in lactic acid fermentation of cheese whey and synthetic lactose media, compared to free cells. 24690466 5 37 theme enzymes 1044:1050 arg1 co-immobilisation 995:1011 the co-immobilisation 991:1011 the co-immobilisation of different microorganisms or enzymes (in separate layers of the biocatalyst) 991:1090 Such composite biocatalysts may be used for the co-immobilisation of different microorganisms or enzymes (in separate layers of the biocatalyst), to efficiently conduct different types of fermentations in the same bioreactor, avoiding inhibition problems of chemical or biological (competition) nature. 24690466 2 38 theme Rice 266:269 arg1 husk 271:274 Rice husk 266:274 Rice husk 266:274 TC) from Indian Mango (Mangifera indica) and Sal (Shorea robusta) wood and Rice husk, and TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic acid composites, were used as Lactobacillus bulgaricus immobilisation carriers leading to improvements in lactic acid fermentation of cheese whey and synthetic lactose media, compared to free cells. 24690466 2 39 theme lactose 467:473 arg1 media 475:479 synthetic lactose media 457:479 synthetic lactose media 457:479 TC) from Indian Mango (Mangifera indica) and Sal (Shorea robusta) wood and Rice husk, and TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic acid composites, were used as Lactobacillus bulgaricus immobilisation carriers leading to improvements in lactic acid fermentation of cheese whey and synthetic lactose media, compared to free cells. 24690466 5 40 theme same 1156:1159 arg1 bioreactor 1161:1170 the same bioreactor 1152:1170 the same bioreactor 1152:1170 Such composite biocatalysts may be used for the co-immobilisation of different microorganisms or enzymes (in separate layers of the biocatalyst), to efficiently conduct different types of fermentations in the same bioreactor, avoiding inhibition problems of chemical or biological (competition) nature. 24690466 5 41 theme chemical 1205:1212 arg1 nature 1242:1247 chemical or biological (competition) nature 1205:1247 chemical or biological (competition) nature 1205:1247 Such composite biocatalysts may be used for the co-immobilisation of different microorganisms or enzymes (in separate layers of the biocatalyst), to efficiently conduct different types of fermentations in the same bioreactor, avoiding inhibition problems of chemical or biological (competition) nature. 24690466 3 42 theme g/g 575:577 arg1 sugar 579:583 g/g sugar 575:583 g/g sugar utilised 575:592 Specifically, shorter fermentation rates, higher lactic acid yields (g/g sugar utilised) and productivities (g/Ld), and higher amounts of volatile by-products were achieved, while no significant differences were observed on the performance of the different immobilised biocatalysts. 24690466 5 43 from co-immobilisation 995:1011 arg1 layers 1065:1070 separate layers 1056:1070 separate layers of the biocatalyst 1056:1089 Such composite biocatalysts may be used for the co-immobilisation of different microorganisms or enzymes (in separate layers of the biocatalyst), to efficiently conduct different types of fermentations in the same bioreactor, avoiding inhibition problems of chemical or biological (competition) nature. 24690466 2 44 theme synthetic 457:465 arg1 media 475:479 synthetic lactose media 457:479 synthetic lactose media 457:479 TC) from Indian Mango (Mangifera indica) and Sal (Shorea robusta) wood and Rice husk, and TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic acid composites, were used as Lactobacillus bulgaricus immobilisation carriers leading to improvements in lactic acid fermentation of cheese whey and synthetic lactose media, compared to free cells. 24690466 3 45 theme different 753:761 arg1 biocatalysts 775:786 the different immobilised biocatalysts 749:786 the different immobilised biocatalysts 749:786 Specifically, shorter fermentation rates, higher lactic acid yields (g/g sugar utilised) and productivities (g/Ld), and higher amounts of volatile by-products were achieved, while no significant differences were observed on the performance of the different immobilised biocatalysts. 24690466 2 46 theme free 494:497 arg1 cells 499:503 free cells 494:503 free cells 494:503 TC) from Indian Mango (Mangifera indica) and Sal (Shorea robusta) wood and Rice husk, and TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic acid composites, were used as Lactobacillus bulgaricus immobilisation carriers leading to improvements in lactic acid fermentation of cheese whey and synthetic lactose media, compared to free cells. 24690466 0 47 theme various 49:55 arg1 materials 75:83 various porous cellulosic materials 49:83 various porous cellulosic materials 49:83 Lactic acid fermentation by cells immobilised on various porous cellulosic materials and their alginate/poly-lactic acid composites. 24690466 5 48 theme different 1116:1124 arg1 types 1126:1130 different types 1116:1130 different types of fermentations 1116:1147 Such composite biocatalysts may be used for the co-immobilisation of different microorganisms or enzymes (in separate layers of the biocatalyst), to efficiently conduct different types of fermentations in the same bioreactor, avoiding inhibition problems of chemical or biological (competition) nature. 24690466 4 49 theme immobilised 928:938 arg1 cells 940:944 immobilised cells 928:944 immobilised cells 928:944 The proposed biocatalysts are of food grade purity, cheap and easy to prepare, and they are attractive for bioprocess development based on immobilised cells. 24690466 2 50 theme whey 448:451 arg1 cheese 441:446 cheese whey 441:451 cheese whey 441:451 TC) from Indian Mango (Mangifera indica) and Sal (Shorea robusta) wood and Rice husk, and TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic acid composites, were used as Lactobacillus bulgaricus immobilisation carriers leading to improvements in lactic acid fermentation of cheese whey and synthetic lactose media, compared to free cells. 24690466 3 51 located observed 718:725 arg1 performance 734:744 the performance 730:744 the performance of the different immobilised biocatalysts 730:786 Specifically, shorter fermentation rates, higher lactic acid yields (g/g sugar utilised) and productivities (g/Ld), and higher amounts of volatile by-products were achieved, while no significant differences were observed on the performance of the different immobilised biocatalysts. 24690466 3 51 located observed 718:725 arg2 differences 701:711 no significant differences 686:711 no significant differences 686:711 Specifically, shorter fermentation rates, higher lactic acid yields (g/g sugar utilised) and productivities (g/Ld), and higher amounts of volatile by-products were achieved, while no significant differences were observed on the performance of the different immobilised biocatalysts. 24690466 2 52 theme Mango 207:211 arg1 wood 257:260 Indian Mango (Mangifera indica) and Sal (Shorea robusta) wood 200:260 Indian Mango (Mangifera indica) and Sal (Shorea robusta) wood 200:260 TC) from Indian Mango (Mangifera indica) and Sal (Shorea robusta) wood and Rice husk, and TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic acid composites, were used as Lactobacillus bulgaricus immobilisation carriers leading to improvements in lactic acid fermentation of cheese whey and synthetic lactose media, compared to free cells. 24690466 5 53 theme nature 1242:1247 arg1 problems 1193:1200 inhibition problems 1182:1200 inhibition problems of chemical or biological (competition) nature 1182:1247 Such composite biocatalysts may be used for the co-immobilisation of different microorganisms or enzymes (in separate layers of the biocatalyst), to efficiently conduct different types of fermentations in the same bioreactor, avoiding inhibition problems of chemical or biological (competition) nature. 24690466 5 54 theme different 1016:1024 arg1 microorganisms 1026:1039 different microorganisms 1016:1039 different microorganisms 1016:1039 Such composite biocatalysts may be used for the co-immobilisation of different microorganisms or enzymes (in separate layers of the biocatalyst), to efficiently conduct different types of fermentations in the same bioreactor, avoiding inhibition problems of chemical or biological (competition) nature. 24690466 5 55 theme composite 952:960 arg1 biocatalysts 962:973 Such composite biocatalysts 947:973 Such composite biocatalysts 947:973 Such composite biocatalysts may be used for the co-immobilisation of different microorganisms or enzymes (in separate layers of the biocatalyst), to efficiently conduct different types of fermentations in the same bioreactor, avoiding inhibition problems of chemical or biological (competition) nature. 24690466 2 56 theme acid 307:310 arg1 composites 312:321 TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic acid composites 281:321 TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic acid composites 281:321 TC) from Indian Mango (Mangifera indica) and Sal (Shorea robusta) wood and Rice husk, and TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic acid composites, were used as Lactobacillus bulgaricus immobilisation carriers leading to improvements in lactic acid fermentation of cheese whey and synthetic lactose media, compared to free cells. 24690466 2 56 theme acid 307:310 arg1 carriers 377:384 Lactobacillus bulgaricus immobilisation carriers 337:384 Lactobacillus bulgaricus immobilisation carriers leading to improvements in lactic acid fermentation of cheese whey and synthetic lactose media 337:479 TC) from Indian Mango (Mangifera indica) and Sal (Shorea robusta) wood and Rice husk, and TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic acid composites, were used as Lactobacillus bulgaricus immobilisation carriers leading to improvements in lactic acid fermentation of cheese whey and synthetic lactose media, compared to free cells. 24690466 2 56 theme acid 307:310 arg1 TC 191:192 TC 191:192 TC 191:192 TC) from Indian Mango (Mangifera indica) and Sal (Shorea robusta) wood and Rice husk, and TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic acid composites, were used as Lactobacillus bulgaricus immobilisation carriers leading to improvements in lactic acid fermentation of cheese whey and synthetic lactose media, compared to free cells. 24690466 3 57 theme biocatalysts 775:786 arg1 performance 734:744 the performance 730:744 the performance of the different immobilised biocatalysts 730:786 Specifically, shorter fermentation rates, higher lactic acid yields (g/g sugar utilised) and productivities (g/Ld), and higher amounts of volatile by-products were achieved, while no significant differences were observed on the performance of the different immobilised biocatalysts. 24690466 5 58 theme Such 947:950 arg1 biocatalysts 962:973 Such composite biocatalysts 947:973 Such composite biocatalysts 947:973 Such composite biocatalysts may be used for the co-immobilisation of different microorganisms or enzymes (in separate layers of the biocatalyst), to efficiently conduct different types of fermentations in the same bioreactor, avoiding inhibition problems of chemical or biological (competition) nature. 24690466 5 59 theme microorganisms 1026:1039 arg1 co-immobilisation 995:1011 the co-immobilisation 991:1011 the co-immobilisation of different microorganisms or enzymes (in separate layers of the biocatalyst) 991:1090 Such composite biocatalysts may be used for the co-immobilisation of different microorganisms or enzymes (in separate layers of the biocatalyst), to efficiently conduct different types of fermentations in the same bioreactor, avoiding inhibition problems of chemical or biological (competition) nature. 24690466 2 60 from improvements 397:408 arg1 fermentation 425:436 lactic acid fermentation 413:436 lactic acid fermentation of cheese whey and synthetic lactose media 413:479 TC) from Indian Mango (Mangifera indica) and Sal (Shorea robusta) wood and Rice husk, and TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic acid composites, were used as Lactobacillus bulgaricus immobilisation carriers leading to improvements in lactic acid fermentation of cheese whey and synthetic lactose media, compared to free cells. 24690466 2 61 theme TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic 281:305 arg1 composites 312:321 TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic acid composites 281:321 TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic acid composites 281:321 TC) from Indian Mango (Mangifera indica) and Sal (Shorea robusta) wood and Rice husk, and TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic acid composites, were used as Lactobacillus bulgaricus immobilisation carriers leading to improvements in lactic acid fermentation of cheese whey and synthetic lactose media, compared to free cells. 24690466 2 61 theme TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic 281:305 arg1 carriers 377:384 Lactobacillus bulgaricus immobilisation carriers 337:384 Lactobacillus bulgaricus immobilisation carriers leading to improvements in lactic acid fermentation of cheese whey and synthetic lactose media 337:479 TC) from Indian Mango (Mangifera indica) and Sal (Shorea robusta) wood and Rice husk, and TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic acid composites, were used as Lactobacillus bulgaricus immobilisation carriers leading to improvements in lactic acid fermentation of cheese whey and synthetic lactose media, compared to free cells. 24690466 2 61 theme TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic 281:305 arg1 TC 191:192 TC 191:192 TC 191:192 TC) from Indian Mango (Mangifera indica) and Sal (Shorea robusta) wood and Rice husk, and TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic acid composites, were used as Lactobacillus bulgaricus immobilisation carriers leading to improvements in lactic acid fermentation of cheese whey and synthetic lactose media, compared to free cells. 24690466 0 62 theme cellulosic 64:73 arg1 materials 75:83 various porous cellulosic materials 49:83 various porous cellulosic materials 49:83 Lactic acid fermentation by cells immobilised on various porous cellulosic materials and their alginate/poly-lactic acid composites. 24690466 3 63 theme higher 626:631 arg1 amounts 633:639 higher amounts 626:639 higher amounts of volatile by-products 626:663 Specifically, shorter fermentation rates, higher lactic acid yields (g/g sugar utilised) and productivities (g/Ld), and higher amounts of volatile by-products were achieved, while no significant differences were observed on the performance of the different immobilised biocatalysts. 24690466 3 63 theme higher 626:631 arg1 by-products 653:663 volatile by-products 644:663 volatile by-products 644:663 Specifically, shorter fermentation rates, higher lactic acid yields (g/g sugar utilised) and productivities (g/Ld), and higher amounts of volatile by-products were achieved, while no significant differences were observed on the performance of the different immobilised biocatalysts. 24690466 2 64 theme Sal 236:238 arg1 wood 257:260 Indian Mango (Mangifera indica) and Sal (Shorea robusta) wood 200:260 Indian Mango (Mangifera indica) and Sal (Shorea robusta) wood 200:260 TC) from Indian Mango (Mangifera indica) and Sal (Shorea robusta) wood and Rice husk, and TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic acid composites, were used as Lactobacillus bulgaricus immobilisation carriers leading to improvements in lactic acid fermentation of cheese whey and synthetic lactose media, compared to free cells. 24690466 2 65 dep Mangifera 214:222 arg1 indica 224:229 indica 224:229 Mangifera indica 214:229 TC) from Indian Mango (Mangifera indica) and Sal (Shorea robusta) wood and Rice husk, and TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic acid composites, were used as Lactobacillus bulgaricus immobilisation carriers leading to improvements in lactic acid fermentation of cheese whey and synthetic lactose media, compared to free cells. 24690466 2 66 dep Mango 207:211 arg1 Mangifera 214:222 Mangifera 214:222 Mangifera 214:222 TC) from Indian Mango (Mangifera indica) and Sal (Shorea robusta) wood and Rice husk, and TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic acid composites, were used as Lactobacillus bulgaricus immobilisation carriers leading to improvements in lactic acid fermentation of cheese whey and synthetic lactose media, compared to free cells. 24690466 0 67 theme porous 57:62 arg1 materials 75:83 various porous cellulosic materials 49:83 various porous cellulosic materials 49:83 Lactic acid fermentation by cells immobilised on various porous cellulosic materials and their alginate/poly-lactic acid composites. 24690466 2 68 theme cheese 441:446 arg1 fermentation 425:436 lactic acid fermentation 413:436 lactic acid fermentation of cheese whey and synthetic lactose media 413:479 TC) from Indian Mango (Mangifera indica) and Sal (Shorea robusta) wood and Rice husk, and TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic acid composites, were used as Lactobacillus bulgaricus immobilisation carriers leading to improvements in lactic acid fermentation of cheese whey and synthetic lactose media, compared to free cells. 24690466 5 69 theme biological 1217:1226 arg1 nature 1242:1247 chemical or biological (competition) nature 1205:1247 chemical or biological (competition) nature 1205:1247 Such composite biocatalysts may be used for the co-immobilisation of different microorganisms or enzymes (in separate layers of the biocatalyst), to efficiently conduct different types of fermentations in the same bioreactor, avoiding inhibition problems of chemical or biological (competition) nature. 24690466 3 70 theme immobilised 763:773 arg1 biocatalysts 775:786 the different immobilised biocatalysts 749:786 the different immobilised biocatalysts 749:786 Specifically, shorter fermentation rates, higher lactic acid yields (g/g sugar utilised) and productivities (g/Ld), and higher amounts of volatile by-products were achieved, while no significant differences were observed on the performance of the different immobilised biocatalysts. 24702918 0 0 theme films 102:106 arg1 evaluation 38:47 evaluation 38:47 evaluation 38:47 The preparation, characterization and evaluation of regenerated cellulose/collagen composite hydrogel films. 24702918 0 0 theme films 102:106 arg1 characterization 17:32 characterization 17:32 characterization 17:32 The preparation, characterization and evaluation of regenerated cellulose/collagen composite hydrogel films. 24702918 5 1 theme excellent 808:816 arg1 properties 829:838 excellent mechanical properties 808:838 excellent mechanical properties 808:838 The composite films also showed excellent mechanical properties, which was vital for practical application. 24702918 6 2 theme film 927:930 arg1 cytotoxicity 897:908 the cytotoxicity 893:908 the cytotoxicity of the composite film 893:930 Finally, the cytotoxicity of the composite film was evaluated using NIH3T3 mice fibroblast cells, the results revealed that DARC/Col composite films have good biocompatibility for use as scaffold material in tissue engineering. 24702918 0 3 theme hydrogel 93:100 arg1 films 102:106 regenerated cellulose/collagen composite hydrogel films 52:106 regenerated cellulose/collagen composite hydrogel films 52:106 The preparation, characterization and evaluation of regenerated cellulose/collagen composite hydrogel films. 24702918 2 4 from CHO 460:462 arg1 backbone 472:479 DARC backbone 467:479 DARC backbone 467:479 The subsequent FT-IR spectra indicated that collagen was immobilized on the DARC matrix via the Schiff base reaction between NH2 in collagen and CHO in DARC backbone. 24702918 4 5 theme air 727:729 arg1 permeability 731:742 air permeability 727:742 air permeability 727:742 The composite films demonstrated a good equilibrium-swelling ratio, air permeability and water retention properties. 24702918 6 6 theme NIH3T3 952:957 arg1 cells 975:979 NIH3T3 mice fibroblast cells 952:979 NIH3T3 mice fibroblast cells 952:979 Finally, the cytotoxicity of the composite film was evaluated using NIH3T3 mice fibroblast cells, the results revealed that DARC/Col composite films have good biocompatibility for use as scaffold material in tissue engineering. 24702918 6 7 from material 1080:1087 arg1 engineering 1099:1109 tissue engineering 1092:1109 tissue engineering 1092:1109 Finally, the cytotoxicity of the composite film was evaluated using NIH3T3 mice fibroblast cells, the results revealed that DARC/Col composite films have good biocompatibility for use as scaffold material in tissue engineering. 24702918 3 8 theme network 557:563 arg1 structure 565:573 a refined 3D network structure 544:573 a refined 3D network structure 544:573 Scanning electron microscopy revealed that DARC/Col exhibited a refined 3D network structure and its porosity and pore size decreased with increasing of collagen concentration. 24702918 6 9 theme good 1038:1041 arg1 biocompatibility 1043:1058 good biocompatibility 1038:1058 good biocompatibility for use 1038:1066 Finally, the cytotoxicity of the composite film was evaluated using NIH3T3 mice fibroblast cells, the results revealed that DARC/Col composite films have good biocompatibility for use as scaffold material in tissue engineering. 24702918 6 10 theme composite 1017:1025 arg1 films 1027:1031 DARC/Col composite films 1008:1031 DARC/Col composite films 1008:1031 Finally, the cytotoxicity of the composite film was evaluated using NIH3T3 mice fibroblast cells, the results revealed that DARC/Col composite films have good biocompatibility for use as scaffold material in tissue engineering. 24702918 5 11 theme composite 780:788 arg1 films 790:794 The composite films 776:794 The composite films 776:794 The composite films also showed excellent mechanical properties, which was vital for practical application. 24702918 4 12 theme water 748:752 arg1 retention 754:762 water retention 748:762 water retention 748:762 The composite films demonstrated a good equilibrium-swelling ratio, air permeability and water retention properties. 24702918 3 13 theme refined 546:552 arg1 structure 565:573 a refined 3D network structure 544:573 a refined 3D network structure 544:573 Scanning electron microscopy revealed that DARC/Col exhibited a refined 3D network structure and its porosity and pore size decreased with increasing of collagen concentration. 24702918 4 14 theme equilibrium-swelling 699:718 arg1 ratio 720:724 a good equilibrium-swelling ratio 692:724 a good equilibrium-swelling ratio 692:724 The composite films demonstrated a good equilibrium-swelling ratio, air permeability and water retention properties. 24702918 2 15 theme Schiff 411:416 arg1 reaction 423:430 the Schiff base reaction 407:430 the Schiff base reaction between NH2 in collagen and CHO in DARC backbone 407:479 The subsequent FT-IR spectra indicated that collagen was immobilized on the DARC matrix via the Schiff base reaction between NH2 in collagen and CHO in DARC backbone. 24702918 3 16 theme 3D 554:555 arg1 structure 565:573 a refined 3D network structure 544:573 a refined 3D network structure 544:573 Scanning electron microscopy revealed that DARC/Col exhibited a refined 3D network structure and its porosity and pore size decreased with increasing of collagen concentration. 24702918 1 17 theme 2,3-dialdehyde 202:215 arg1 cellulose 217:225 2,3-dialdehyde cellulose 202:225 2,3-dialdehyde cellulose (DARC) films 202:238 Porous structured regenerated cellulose films were oxidized by periodate oxidation to obtain 2,3-dialdehyde cellulose (DARC) films, which were then reacted with collagen to obtain DARC/Col composite films. 24702918 1 17 theme 2,3-dialdehyde 202:215 arg1 DARC 228:231 DARC 228:231 DARC 228:231 Porous structured regenerated cellulose films were oxidized by periodate oxidation to obtain 2,3-dialdehyde cellulose (DARC) films, which were then reacted with collagen to obtain DARC/Col composite films. 24702918 5 18 theme mechanical 818:827 arg1 properties 829:838 excellent mechanical properties 808:838 excellent mechanical properties 808:838 The composite films also showed excellent mechanical properties, which was vital for practical application. 24702918 6 19 contain have 1033:1036 arg2 biocompatibility 1043:1058 good biocompatibility 1038:1058 good biocompatibility for use 1038:1066 Finally, the cytotoxicity of the composite film was evaluated using NIH3T3 mice fibroblast cells, the results revealed that DARC/Col composite films have good biocompatibility for use as scaffold material in tissue engineering. 24702918 6 19 contain have 1033:1036 arg1 films 1027:1031 DARC/Col composite films 1008:1031 DARC/Col composite films 1008:1031 Finally, the cytotoxicity of the composite film was evaluated using NIH3T3 mice fibroblast cells, the results revealed that DARC/Col composite films have good biocompatibility for use as scaffold material in tissue engineering. 24702918 1 20 theme cellulose 217:225 arg1 films 234:238 2,3-dialdehyde cellulose (DARC) films 202:238 2,3-dialdehyde cellulose (DARC) films 202:238 Porous structured regenerated cellulose films were oxidized by periodate oxidation to obtain 2,3-dialdehyde cellulose (DARC) films, which were then reacted with collagen to obtain DARC/Col composite films. 24702918 6 21 theme mice 959:962 arg1 cells 975:979 NIH3T3 mice fibroblast cells 952:979 NIH3T3 mice fibroblast cells 952:979 Finally, the cytotoxicity of the composite film was evaluated using NIH3T3 mice fibroblast cells, the results revealed that DARC/Col composite films have good biocompatibility for use as scaffold material in tissue engineering. 24702918 1 22 theme DARC/Col 289:296 arg1 films 308:312 DARC/Col composite films 289:312 DARC/Col composite films 289:312 Porous structured regenerated cellulose films were oxidized by periodate oxidation to obtain 2,3-dialdehyde cellulose (DARC) films, which were then reacted with collagen to obtain DARC/Col composite films. 24702918 1 23 theme Porous 109:114 arg1 films 149:153 Porous structured regenerated cellulose films 109:153 Porous structured regenerated cellulose films 109:153 Porous structured regenerated cellulose films were oxidized by periodate oxidation to obtain 2,3-dialdehyde cellulose (DARC) films, which were then reacted with collagen to obtain DARC/Col composite films. 24702918 4 24 theme good 694:697 arg1 ratio 720:724 a good equilibrium-swelling ratio 692:724 a good equilibrium-swelling ratio 692:724 The composite films demonstrated a good equilibrium-swelling ratio, air permeability and water retention properties. 24702918 5 25 theme practical 861:869 arg1 application 871:881 practical application 861:881 practical application 861:881 The composite films also showed excellent mechanical properties, which was vital for practical application. 24702918 1 26 theme composite 298:306 arg1 films 308:312 DARC/Col composite films 289:312 DARC/Col composite films 289:312 Porous structured regenerated cellulose films were oxidized by periodate oxidation to obtain 2,3-dialdehyde cellulose (DARC) films, which were then reacted with collagen to obtain DARC/Col composite films. 24702918 2 27 theme subsequent 319:328 arg1 spectra 336:342 The subsequent FT-IR spectra 315:342 The subsequent FT-IR spectra 315:342 The subsequent FT-IR spectra indicated that collagen was immobilized on the DARC matrix via the Schiff base reaction between NH2 in collagen and CHO in DARC backbone. 24702918 2 28 theme FT-IR 330:334 arg1 spectra 336:342 The subsequent FT-IR spectra 315:342 The subsequent FT-IR spectra 315:342 The subsequent FT-IR spectra indicated that collagen was immobilized on the DARC matrix via the Schiff base reaction between NH2 in collagen and CHO in DARC backbone. 24702918 6 29 theme DARC/Col 1008:1015 arg1 films 1027:1031 DARC/Col composite films 1008:1031 DARC/Col composite films 1008:1031 Finally, the cytotoxicity of the composite film was evaluated using NIH3T3 mice fibroblast cells, the results revealed that DARC/Col composite films have good biocompatibility for use as scaffold material in tissue engineering. 24702918 6 30 theme composite 917:925 arg1 film 927:930 the composite film 913:930 the composite film 913:930 Finally, the cytotoxicity of the composite film was evaluated using NIH3T3 mice fibroblast cells, the results revealed that DARC/Col composite films have good biocompatibility for use as scaffold material in tissue engineering. 24702918 1 31 theme regenerated 127:137 arg1 films 149:153 Porous structured regenerated cellulose films 109:153 Porous structured regenerated cellulose films 109:153 Porous structured regenerated cellulose films were oxidized by periodate oxidation to obtain 2,3-dialdehyde cellulose (DARC) films, which were then reacted with collagen to obtain DARC/Col composite films. 24702918 6 32 theme fibroblast 964:973 arg1 cells 975:979 NIH3T3 mice fibroblast cells 952:979 NIH3T3 mice fibroblast cells 952:979 Finally, the cytotoxicity of the composite film was evaluated using NIH3T3 mice fibroblast cells, the results revealed that DARC/Col composite films have good biocompatibility for use as scaffold material in tissue engineering. 24702918 6 33 theme tissue 1092:1097 arg1 engineering 1099:1109 tissue engineering 1092:1109 tissue engineering 1092:1109 Finally, the cytotoxicity of the composite film was evaluated using NIH3T3 mice fibroblast cells, the results revealed that DARC/Col composite films have good biocompatibility for use as scaffold material in tissue engineering. 24702918 2 34 theme base 418:421 arg1 reaction 423:430 the Schiff base reaction 407:430 the Schiff base reaction between NH2 in collagen and CHO in DARC backbone 407:479 The subsequent FT-IR spectra indicated that collagen was immobilized on the DARC matrix via the Schiff base reaction between NH2 in collagen and CHO in DARC backbone. 24702918 2 35 theme DARC 467:470 arg1 backbone 472:479 DARC backbone 467:479 DARC backbone 467:479 The subsequent FT-IR spectra indicated that collagen was immobilized on the DARC matrix via the Schiff base reaction between NH2 in collagen and CHO in DARC backbone. 24702918 0 36 theme cellulose/collagen 64:81 arg1 films 102:106 regenerated cellulose/collagen composite hydrogel films 52:106 regenerated cellulose/collagen composite hydrogel films 52:106 The preparation, characterization and evaluation of regenerated cellulose/collagen composite hydrogel films. 24702918 3 37 theme pore 596:599 arg1 size 601:604 pore size 596:604 pore size 596:604 Scanning electron microscopy revealed that DARC/Col exhibited a refined 3D network structure and its porosity and pore size decreased with increasing of collagen concentration. 24702918 1 38 theme cellulose 139:147 arg1 films 149:153 Porous structured regenerated cellulose films 109:153 Porous structured regenerated cellulose films 109:153 Porous structured regenerated cellulose films were oxidized by periodate oxidation to obtain 2,3-dialdehyde cellulose (DARC) films, which were then reacted with collagen to obtain DARC/Col composite films. 24702918 3 39 theme collagen 635:642 arg1 concentration 644:656 collagen concentration 635:656 collagen concentration 635:656 Scanning electron microscopy revealed that DARC/Col exhibited a refined 3D network structure and its porosity and pore size decreased with increasing of collagen concentration. 24702918 0 40 dep characterization 17:32 arg1 preparation 4:14 The preparation 0:14 The preparation 0:14 The preparation, characterization and evaluation of regenerated cellulose/collagen composite hydrogel films. 24702918 3 41 theme Scanning 482:489 arg1 microscopy 500:509 Scanning electron microscopy 482:509 Scanning electron microscopy 482:509 Scanning electron microscopy revealed that DARC/Col exhibited a refined 3D network structure and its porosity and pore size decreased with increasing of collagen concentration. 24702918 1 42 theme structured 116:125 arg1 films 149:153 Porous structured regenerated cellulose films 109:153 Porous structured regenerated cellulose films 109:153 Porous structured regenerated cellulose films were oxidized by periodate oxidation to obtain 2,3-dialdehyde cellulose (DARC) films, which were then reacted with collagen to obtain DARC/Col composite films. 24702918 4 43 dep ratio 720:724 arg1 properties 764:773 properties 764:773 properties 764:773 The composite films demonstrated a good equilibrium-swelling ratio, air permeability and water retention properties. 24702918 3 44 theme electron 491:498 arg1 microscopy 500:509 Scanning electron microscopy 482:509 Scanning electron microscopy 482:509 Scanning electron microscopy revealed that DARC/Col exhibited a refined 3D network structure and its porosity and pore size decreased with increasing of collagen concentration. 24702918 6 45 theme scaffold 1071:1078 arg1 material 1080:1087 scaffold material 1071:1087 scaffold material in tissue engineering 1071:1109 Finally, the cytotoxicity of the composite film was evaluated using NIH3T3 mice fibroblast cells, the results revealed that DARC/Col composite films have good biocompatibility for use as scaffold material in tissue engineering. 24702918 0 46 theme composite 83:91 arg1 films 102:106 regenerated cellulose/collagen composite hydrogel films 52:106 regenerated cellulose/collagen composite hydrogel films 52:106 The preparation, characterization and evaluation of regenerated cellulose/collagen composite hydrogel films. 24702918 4 47 theme composite 663:671 arg1 films 673:677 The composite films 659:677 The composite films 659:677 The composite films demonstrated a good equilibrium-swelling ratio, air permeability and water retention properties. 24702918 2 48 theme DARC 391:394 arg1 matrix 396:401 the DARC matrix 387:401 the DARC matrix 387:401 The subsequent FT-IR spectra indicated that collagen was immobilized on the DARC matrix via the Schiff base reaction between NH2 in collagen and CHO in DARC backbone. 24702918 0 49 theme regenerated 52:62 arg1 films 102:106 regenerated cellulose/collagen composite hydrogel films 52:106 regenerated cellulose/collagen composite hydrogel films 52:106 The preparation, characterization and evaluation of regenerated cellulose/collagen composite hydrogel films. 24702918 2 50 from collagen 447:454 arg1 backbone 472:479 DARC backbone 467:479 DARC backbone 467:479 The subsequent FT-IR spectra indicated that collagen was immobilized on the DARC matrix via the Schiff base reaction between NH2 in collagen and CHO in DARC backbone. 24702918 2 51 from NH2 440:442 arg1 CHO 460:462 CHO 460:462 CHO 460:462 The subsequent FT-IR spectra indicated that collagen was immobilized on the DARC matrix via the Schiff base reaction between NH2 in collagen and CHO in DARC backbone. 24702918 2 51 from NH2 440:442 arg1 collagen 447:454 collagen 447:454 collagen 447:454 The subsequent FT-IR spectra indicated that collagen was immobilized on the DARC matrix via the Schiff base reaction between NH2 in collagen and CHO in DARC backbone. 24702918 1 52 theme periodate 172:180 arg1 oxidation 182:190 periodate oxidation 172:190 periodate oxidation 172:190 Porous structured regenerated cellulose films were oxidized by periodate oxidation to obtain 2,3-dialdehyde cellulose (DARC) films, which were then reacted with collagen to obtain DARC/Col composite films. 28928220 10 0 theme related 1938:1944 arg1 glycosyltransferases 1966:1985 related Golgi-resident GT32 glycosyltransferases 1938:1985 related Golgi-resident GT32 glycosyltransferases 1938:1985 A genomic bioinformatics survey suggested that Glt1 belongs to the ancestral Skp1 glycosylation pathway in protists and evolved separately from related Golgi-resident GT32 glycosyltransferases. 28928220 3 1 theme similar 497:503 arg1 modification 505:516 A similar modification 495:516 A similar modification 495:516 A similar modification is found in the social amoeba Dictyostelium, where it regulates SCF assembly and O2-dependent development. 28928220 3 2 theme social 534:539 arg1 Dictyostelium 548:560 the social amoeba Dictyostelium 530:560 the social amoeba Dictyostelium 530:560 A similar modification is found in the social amoeba Dictyostelium, where it regulates SCF assembly and O2-dependent development. 28928220 4 3 theme core 676:679 arg1 trisaccharide 681:693 a similar core trisaccharide 666:693 a similar core trisaccharide 666:693 Homologous glycosyltransferases assemble a similar core trisaccharide in both organisms, and a bifunctional α-galactosyltransferase from CAZy family GT77 mediates the addition of the final two sugars in Dictyostelium, generating Galα1, 3Galα1,3Fucα1,2Galβ1,3GlcNAcα1-. 28928220 1 4 theme SCF 167:169 arg1 class 201:205 the SCF (Skp1/Cullin 1/F-box protein) class 163:205 the SCF (Skp1/Cullin 1/F-box protein) class of E3 ubiquitin ligases that are important for eukaryotic protein degradation 163:283 Skp1 is a subunit of the SCF (Skp1/Cullin 1/F-box protein) class of E3 ubiquitin ligases that are important for eukaryotic protein degradation. 28928220 2 5 from gondii 339:344 arg1 Skp1 318:321 Skp1 318:321 Skp1 from Toxoplasma gondii 318:344 Unlike its animal counterparts, Skp1 from Toxoplasma gondii is hydroxylated by an O2-dependent prolyl-4-hydroxylase (PhyA), and the resulting hydroxyproline can subsequently be modified by a five-sugar chain. 28928220 7 6 theme linkage 1438:1444 arg1 formation 1412:1420 formation 1412:1420 formation of a Glcα1,3Fuc linkage 1412:1444 Recombinant Glt1 catalyzed the same reaction, confirming that it directly mediates Skp1 glucosylation, and NMR demonstrated formation of a Glcα1,3Fuc linkage. 28928220 2 7 theme animal 297:302 arg1 counterparts 304:315 its animal counterparts 293:315 its animal counterparts 293:315 Unlike its animal counterparts, Skp1 from Toxoplasma gondii is hydroxylated by an O2-dependent prolyl-4-hydroxylase (PhyA), and the resulting hydroxyproline can subsequently be modified by a five-sugar chain. 28928220 1 8 theme Skp1/Cullin 172:182 arg1 protein 192:198 Skp1/Cullin 1/F-box protein 172:198 Skp1/Cullin 1/F-box protein 172:198 Skp1 is a subunit of the SCF (Skp1/Cullin 1/F-box protein) class of E3 ubiquitin ligases that are important for eukaryotic protein degradation. 28928220 1 8 theme Skp1/Cullin 172:182 arg1 SCF 167:169 SCF 167:169 the SCF (Skp1/Cullin 1/F-box protein) class of E3 ubiquitin ligases that are important for eukaryotic protein degradation 163:283 Skp1 is a subunit of the SCF (Skp1/Cullin 1/F-box protein) class of E3 ubiquitin ligases that are important for eukaryotic protein degradation. 28928220 5 9 theme fourth 1038:1043 arg1 sugar 1045:1049 the fourth sugar 1034:1049 the fourth sugar 1034:1049 Here, we found that Toxoplasma utilizes a cytoplasmic glycosyltransferase from an ancient clade of CAZy family GT32 to catalyze transfer of the fourth sugar. 28928220 0 10 theme ligase 126:131 arg1 subunit 133:139 the Toxoplasma Skp1 E3 ubiquitin ligase subunit 93:139 the Toxoplasma Skp1 E3 ubiquitin ligase subunit 93:139 Characterization of a cytoplasmic glucosyltransferase that extends the core trisaccharide of the Toxoplasma Skp1 E3 ubiquitin ligase subunit. 28928220 9 11 theme first 1749:1753 arg1 PhyA 1778:1781 PhyA 1778:1781 PhyA 1778:1781 glt1-knock-out parasites exhibited a growth defect not rescued by catalytically inactive Glt1, indicating that the glycan acts in concert with the first enzyme in the pathway, PhyA, in cells. 28928220 9 11 theme first 1749:1753 arg1 enzyme 1755:1760 the first enzyme 1745:1760 the first enzyme in the pathway 1745:1775 glt1-knock-out parasites exhibited a growth defect not rescued by catalytically inactive Glt1, indicating that the glycan acts in concert with the first enzyme in the pathway, PhyA, in cells. 28928220 1 12 theme class 201:205 arg1 Skp1 142:145 Skp1 142:145 Skp1 142:145 Skp1 is a subunit of the SCF (Skp1/Cullin 1/F-box protein) class of E3 ubiquitin ligases that are important for eukaryotic protein degradation. 28928220 1 12 theme class 201:205 arg1 subunit 152:158 a subunit 150:158 a subunit of the SCF (Skp1/Cullin 1/F-box protein) class of E3 ubiquitin ligases that are important for eukaryotic protein degradation 150:283 Skp1 is a subunit of the SCF (Skp1/Cullin 1/F-box protein) class of E3 ubiquitin ligases that are important for eukaryotic protein degradation. 28928220 8 13 theme core 1492:1495 arg1 trisaccharide 1497:1509 the full core trisaccharide 1483:1509 the full core trisaccharide attached to Skp1 and labeled only Skp1 in glt1Δ extracts 1483:1566 Recombinant Glt1 strongly preferred the full core trisaccharide attached to Skp1 and labeled only Skp1 in glt1Δ extracts, suggesting specificity for Skp1. 28928220 4 14 theme bifunctional 720:731 arg1 α-galactosyltransferase 733:755 a bifunctional α-galactosyltransferase 718:755 a bifunctional α-galactosyltransferase from CAZy family GT77 718:777 Homologous glycosyltransferases assemble a similar core trisaccharide in both organisms, and a bifunctional α-galactosyltransferase from CAZy family GT77 mediates the addition of the final two sugars in Dictyostelium, generating Galα1, 3Galα1,3Fucα1,2Galβ1,3GlcNAcα1-. 28928220 6 15 theme trisaccharide 1232:1244 arg1 form 1246:1249 the trisaccharide form 1228:1249 the trisaccharide form of Skp1 1228:1257 Catalytically active Glt1 was required for the addition of the terminal disaccharide in cells, and cytosolic extracts catalyzed transfer of [3H]glucose from UDP-[3H]glucose to the trisaccharide form of Skp1 in a glt1-dependent fashion. 28928220 5 16 theme ancient 976:982 arg1 clade 984:988 an ancient clade 973:988 an ancient clade of CAZy family GT32 973:1008 Here, we found that Toxoplasma utilizes a cytoplasmic glycosyltransferase from an ancient clade of CAZy family GT32 to catalyze transfer of the fourth sugar. 28928220 6 17 theme active 1066:1071 arg1 Glt1 1073:1076 Catalytically active Glt1 1052:1076 Catalytically active Glt1 1052:1076 Catalytically active Glt1 was required for the addition of the terminal disaccharide in cells, and cytosolic extracts catalyzed transfer of [3H]glucose from UDP-[3H]glucose to the trisaccharide form of Skp1 in a glt1-dependent fashion. 28928220 7 18 theme Skp1 1371:1374 arg1 glucosylation 1376:1388 Skp1 glucosylation 1371:1388 Skp1 glucosylation 1371:1388 Recombinant Glt1 catalyzed the same reaction, confirming that it directly mediates Skp1 glucosylation, and NMR demonstrated formation of a Glcα1,3Fuc linkage. 28928220 0 19 theme core 71:74 arg1 trisaccharide 76:88 the core trisaccharide 67:88 the core trisaccharide of the Toxoplasma Skp1 E3 ubiquitin ligase subunit 67:139 Characterization of a cytoplasmic glucosyltransferase that extends the core trisaccharide of the Toxoplasma Skp1 E3 ubiquitin ligase subunit. 28928220 3 20 theme O2-dependent 599:610 arg1 development 612:622 O2-dependent development 599:622 O2-dependent development 599:622 A similar modification is found in the social amoeba Dictyostelium, where it regulates SCF assembly and O2-dependent development. 28928220 2 21 theme five-sugar 477:486 arg1 chain 488:492 a five-sugar chain 475:492 a five-sugar chain 475:492 Unlike its animal counterparts, Skp1 from Toxoplasma gondii is hydroxylated by an O2-dependent prolyl-4-hydroxylase (PhyA), and the resulting hydroxyproline can subsequently be modified by a five-sugar chain. 28928220 8 22 theme labeled 1532:1538 arg1 Skp1 1545:1548 labeled only Skp1 1532:1548 labeled only Skp1 1532:1548 Recombinant Glt1 strongly preferred the full core trisaccharide attached to Skp1 and labeled only Skp1 in glt1Δ extracts, suggesting specificity for Skp1. 28928220 6 23 from glucose 1217:1223 arg1 transfer 1180:1187 transfer 1180:1187 transfer of [3H]glucose from UDP-[3H]glucose 1180:1223 Catalytically active Glt1 was required for the addition of the terminal disaccharide in cells, and cytosolic extracts catalyzed transfer of [3H]glucose from UDP-[3H]glucose to the trisaccharide form of Skp1 in a glt1-dependent fashion. 28928220 5 24 theme cytoplasmic 936:946 arg1 glycosyltransferase 948:966 a cytoplasmic glycosyltransferase 934:966 a cytoplasmic glycosyltransferase from an ancient clade of CAZy family GT32 934:1008 Here, we found that Toxoplasma utilizes a cytoplasmic glycosyltransferase from an ancient clade of CAZy family GT32 to catalyze transfer of the fourth sugar. 28928220 9 25 from enzyme 1755:1760 arg1 pathway 1769:1775 the pathway 1765:1775 the pathway 1765:1775 glt1-knock-out parasites exhibited a growth defect not rescued by catalytically inactive Glt1, indicating that the glycan acts in concert with the first enzyme in the pathway, PhyA, in cells. 28928220 0 26 theme Toxoplasma 97:106 arg1 subunit 133:139 the Toxoplasma Skp1 E3 ubiquitin ligase subunit 93:139 the Toxoplasma Skp1 E3 ubiquitin ligase subunit 93:139 Characterization of a cytoplasmic glucosyltransferase that extends the core trisaccharide of the Toxoplasma Skp1 E3 ubiquitin ligase subunit. 28928220 4 27 from addition 792:799 arg1 Dictyostelium 828:840 Dictyostelium 828:840 Dictyostelium 828:840 Homologous glycosyltransferases assemble a similar core trisaccharide in both organisms, and a bifunctional α-galactosyltransferase from CAZy family GT77 mediates the addition of the final two sugars in Dictyostelium, generating Galα1, 3Galα1,3Fucα1,2Galβ1,3GlcNAcα1-. 28928220 8 28 theme glt1Δ 1553:1557 arg1 extracts 1559:1566 glt1Δ extracts 1553:1566 glt1Δ extracts 1553:1566 Recombinant Glt1 strongly preferred the full core trisaccharide attached to Skp1 and labeled only Skp1 in glt1Δ extracts, suggesting specificity for Skp1. 28928220 0 29 theme E3 113:114 arg1 subunit 133:139 the Toxoplasma Skp1 E3 ubiquitin ligase subunit 93:139 the Toxoplasma Skp1 E3 ubiquitin ligase subunit 93:139 Characterization of a cytoplasmic glucosyltransferase that extends the core trisaccharide of the Toxoplasma Skp1 E3 ubiquitin ligase subunit. 28928220 4 30 theme family 767:772 arg1 GT77 774:777 CAZy family GT77 762:777 CAZy family GT77 762:777 Homologous glycosyltransferases assemble a similar core trisaccharide in both organisms, and a bifunctional α-galactosyltransferase from CAZy family GT77 mediates the addition of the final two sugars in Dictyostelium, generating Galα1, 3Galα1,3Fucα1,2Galβ1,3GlcNAcα1-. 28928220 2 31 theme O2-dependent 368:379 arg1 prolyl-4-hydroxylase 381:400 an O2-dependent prolyl-4-hydroxylase 365:400 an O2-dependent prolyl-4-hydroxylase (PhyA) 365:407 Unlike its animal counterparts, Skp1 from Toxoplasma gondii is hydroxylated by an O2-dependent prolyl-4-hydroxylase (PhyA), and the resulting hydroxyproline can subsequently be modified by a five-sugar chain. 28928220 2 31 theme O2-dependent 368:379 arg1 PhyA 403:406 PhyA 403:406 PhyA 403:406 Unlike its animal counterparts, Skp1 from Toxoplasma gondii is hydroxylated by an O2-dependent prolyl-4-hydroxylase (PhyA), and the resulting hydroxyproline can subsequently be modified by a five-sugar chain. 28928220 8 32 from Skp1 1545:1548 arg1 extracts 1559:1566 glt1Δ extracts 1553:1566 glt1Δ extracts 1553:1566 Recombinant Glt1 strongly preferred the full core trisaccharide attached to Skp1 and labeled only Skp1 in glt1Δ extracts, suggesting specificity for Skp1. 28928220 1 33 theme eukaryotic 254:263 arg1 degradation 273:283 eukaryotic protein degradation 254:283 eukaryotic protein degradation 254:283 Skp1 is a subunit of the SCF (Skp1/Cullin 1/F-box protein) class of E3 ubiquitin ligases that are important for eukaryotic protein degradation. 28928220 2 34 theme resulting 418:426 arg1 hydroxyproline 428:441 the resulting hydroxyproline 414:441 the resulting hydroxyproline 414:441 Unlike its animal counterparts, Skp1 from Toxoplasma gondii is hydroxylated by an O2-dependent prolyl-4-hydroxylase (PhyA), and the resulting hydroxyproline can subsequently be modified by a five-sugar chain. 28928220 5 35 theme family 998:1003 arg1 clade 984:988 an ancient clade 973:988 an ancient clade of CAZy family GT32 973:1008 Here, we found that Toxoplasma utilizes a cytoplasmic glycosyltransferase from an ancient clade of CAZy family GT32 to catalyze transfer of the fourth sugar. 28928220 0 36 theme glucosyltransferase 34:52 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of a cytoplasmic glucosyltransferase that extends the core trisaccharide of the Toxoplasma Skp1 E3 ubiquitin ligase subunit. 0:140 Characterization of a cytoplasmic glucosyltransferase that extends the core trisaccharide of the Toxoplasma Skp1 E3 ubiquitin ligase subunit. 28928220 10 37 theme Skp1 1871:1874 arg1 pathway 1890:1896 the ancestral Skp1 glycosylation pathway 1857:1896 the ancestral Skp1 glycosylation pathway in protists 1857:1908 A genomic bioinformatics survey suggested that Glt1 belongs to the ancestral Skp1 glycosylation pathway in protists and evolved separately from related Golgi-resident GT32 glycosyltransferases. 28928220 2 38 theme Toxoplasma 328:337 arg1 gondii 339:344 Toxoplasma gondii 328:344 Toxoplasma gondii 328:344 Unlike its animal counterparts, Skp1 from Toxoplasma gondii is hydroxylated by an O2-dependent prolyl-4-hydroxylase (PhyA), and the resulting hydroxyproline can subsequently be modified by a five-sugar chain. 28928220 6 39 from disaccharide 1124:1135 arg1 cells 1140:1144 cells 1140:1144 cells 1140:1144 Catalytically active Glt1 was required for the addition of the terminal disaccharide in cells, and cytosolic extracts catalyzed transfer of [3H]glucose from UDP-[3H]glucose to the trisaccharide form of Skp1 in a glt1-dependent fashion. 28928220 1 40 theme ubiquitin 213:221 arg1 ligases 223:229 E3 ubiquitin ligases 210:229 E3 ubiquitin ligases that are important for eukaryotic protein degradation 210:283 Skp1 is a subunit of the SCF (Skp1/Cullin 1/F-box protein) class of E3 ubiquitin ligases that are important for eukaryotic protein degradation. 28928220 5 41 theme sugar 1045:1049 arg1 transfer 1022:1029 transfer 1022:1029 transfer of the fourth sugar 1022:1049 Here, we found that Toxoplasma utilizes a cytoplasmic glycosyltransferase from an ancient clade of CAZy family GT32 to catalyze transfer of the fourth sugar. 28928220 10 42 theme Golgi-resident 1946:1959 arg1 glycosyltransferases 1966:1985 related Golgi-resident GT32 glycosyltransferases 1938:1985 related Golgi-resident GT32 glycosyltransferases 1938:1985 A genomic bioinformatics survey suggested that Glt1 belongs to the ancestral Skp1 glycosylation pathway in protists and evolved separately from related Golgi-resident GT32 glycosyltransferases. 28928220 6 43 from cells 1140:1144 arg1 addition 1099:1106 the addition 1095:1106 the addition of the terminal disaccharide in cells 1095:1144 Catalytically active Glt1 was required for the addition of the terminal disaccharide in cells, and cytosolic extracts catalyzed transfer of [3H]glucose from UDP-[3H]glucose to the trisaccharide form of Skp1 in a glt1-dependent fashion. 28928220 10 44 from pathway 1890:1896 arg1 protists 1901:1908 protists 1901:1908 protists 1901:1908 A genomic bioinformatics survey suggested that Glt1 belongs to the ancestral Skp1 glycosylation pathway in protists and evolved separately from related Golgi-resident GT32 glycosyltransferases. 28928220 6 45 theme disaccharide 1124:1135 arg1 addition 1099:1106 the addition 1095:1106 the addition of the terminal disaccharide in cells 1095:1144 Catalytically active Glt1 was required for the addition of the terminal disaccharide in cells, and cytosolic extracts catalyzed transfer of [3H]glucose from UDP-[3H]glucose to the trisaccharide form of Skp1 in a glt1-dependent fashion. 28928220 6 46 from addition 1099:1106 arg1 cells 1140:1144 cells 1140:1144 cells 1140:1144 Catalytically active Glt1 was required for the addition of the terminal disaccharide in cells, and cytosolic extracts catalyzed transfer of [3H]glucose from UDP-[3H]glucose to the trisaccharide form of Skp1 in a glt1-dependent fashion. 28928220 6 47 theme glucose 1196:1202 arg1 transfer 1180:1187 transfer 1180:1187 transfer of [3H]glucose from UDP-[3H]glucose 1180:1223 Catalytically active Glt1 was required for the addition of the terminal disaccharide in cells, and cytosolic extracts catalyzed transfer of [3H]glucose from UDP-[3H]glucose to the trisaccharide form of Skp1 in a glt1-dependent fashion. 28928220 4 48 theme similar 668:674 arg1 trisaccharide 681:693 a similar core trisaccharide 666:693 a similar core trisaccharide 666:693 Homologous glycosyltransferases assemble a similar core trisaccharide in both organisms, and a bifunctional α-galactosyltransferase from CAZy family GT77 mediates the addition of the final two sugars in Dictyostelium, generating Galα1, 3Galα1,3Fucα1,2Galβ1,3GlcNAcα1-. 28928220 6 49 theme glt1-dependent 1264:1277 arg1 fashion 1279:1285 a glt1-dependent fashion 1262:1285 a glt1-dependent fashion 1262:1285 Catalytically active Glt1 was required for the addition of the terminal disaccharide in cells, and cytosolic extracts catalyzed transfer of [3H]glucose from UDP-[3H]glucose to the trisaccharide form of Skp1 in a glt1-dependent fashion. 28928220 10 50 theme bioinformatics 1804:1817 arg1 survey 1819:1824 A genomic bioinformatics survey 1794:1824 A genomic bioinformatics survey 1794:1824 A genomic bioinformatics survey suggested that Glt1 belongs to the ancestral Skp1 glycosylation pathway in protists and evolved separately from related Golgi-resident GT32 glycosyltransferases. 28928220 0 51 theme subunit 133:139 arg1 trisaccharide 76:88 the core trisaccharide 67:88 the core trisaccharide of the Toxoplasma Skp1 E3 ubiquitin ligase subunit 67:139 Characterization of a cytoplasmic glucosyltransferase that extends the core trisaccharide of the Toxoplasma Skp1 E3 ubiquitin ligase subunit. 28928220 3 52 theme amoeba 541:546 arg1 Dictyostelium 548:560 the social amoeba Dictyostelium 530:560 the social amoeba Dictyostelium 530:560 A similar modification is found in the social amoeba Dictyostelium, where it regulates SCF assembly and O2-dependent development. 28928220 1 53 theme 1/F-box 184:190 arg1 protein 192:198 Skp1/Cullin 1/F-box protein 172:198 Skp1/Cullin 1/F-box protein 172:198 Skp1 is a subunit of the SCF (Skp1/Cullin 1/F-box protein) class of E3 ubiquitin ligases that are important for eukaryotic protein degradation. 28928220 1 53 theme 1/F-box 184:190 arg1 SCF 167:169 SCF 167:169 the SCF (Skp1/Cullin 1/F-box protein) class of E3 ubiquitin ligases that are important for eukaryotic protein degradation 163:283 Skp1 is a subunit of the SCF (Skp1/Cullin 1/F-box protein) class of E3 ubiquitin ligases that are important for eukaryotic protein degradation. 28928220 10 54 theme genomic 1796:1802 arg1 survey 1819:1824 A genomic bioinformatics survey 1794:1824 A genomic bioinformatics survey 1794:1824 A genomic bioinformatics survey suggested that Glt1 belongs to the ancestral Skp1 glycosylation pathway in protists and evolved separately from related Golgi-resident GT32 glycosyltransferases. 28928220 8 55 theme full 1487:1490 arg1 trisaccharide 1497:1509 the full core trisaccharide 1483:1509 the full core trisaccharide attached to Skp1 and labeled only Skp1 in glt1Δ extracts 1483:1566 Recombinant Glt1 strongly preferred the full core trisaccharide attached to Skp1 and labeled only Skp1 in glt1Δ extracts, suggesting specificity for Skp1. 28928220 7 56 theme Glcα1,3Fuc 1427:1436 arg1 linkage 1438:1444 a Glcα1,3Fuc linkage 1425:1444 a Glcα1,3Fuc linkage 1425:1444 Recombinant Glt1 catalyzed the same reaction, confirming that it directly mediates Skp1 glucosylation, and NMR demonstrated formation of a Glcα1,3Fuc linkage. 28928220 4 57 theme Homologous 625:634 arg1 glycosyltransferases 636:655 Homologous glycosyltransferases 625:655 Homologous glycosyltransferases 625:655 Homologous glycosyltransferases assemble a similar core trisaccharide in both organisms, and a bifunctional α-galactosyltransferase from CAZy family GT77 mediates the addition of the final two sugars in Dictyostelium, generating Galα1, 3Galα1,3Fucα1,2Galβ1,3GlcNAcα1-. 28928220 3 58 theme SCF 582:584 arg1 assembly 586:593 SCF assembly 582:593 SCF assembly 582:593 A similar modification is found in the social amoeba Dictyostelium, where it regulates SCF assembly and O2-dependent development. 28928220 3 59 located found 521:525 arg1 Dictyostelium 548:560 the social amoeba Dictyostelium 530:560 the social amoeba Dictyostelium 530:560 A similar modification is found in the social amoeba Dictyostelium, where it regulates SCF assembly and O2-dependent development. 28928220 3 59 located found 521:525 arg2 modification 505:516 A similar modification 495:516 A similar modification 495:516 A similar modification is found in the social amoeba Dictyostelium, where it regulates SCF assembly and O2-dependent development. 28928220 6 60 theme Skp1 1254:1257 arg1 form 1246:1249 the trisaccharide form 1228:1249 the trisaccharide form of Skp1 1228:1257 Catalytically active Glt1 was required for the addition of the terminal disaccharide in cells, and cytosolic extracts catalyzed transfer of [3H]glucose from UDP-[3H]glucose to the trisaccharide form of Skp1 in a glt1-dependent fashion. 28928220 2 61 mod modified 463:470 arg1 hydroxyproline 428:441 the resulting hydroxyproline 414:441 the resulting hydroxyproline 414:441 Unlike its animal counterparts, Skp1 from Toxoplasma gondii is hydroxylated by an O2-dependent prolyl-4-hydroxylase (PhyA), and the resulting hydroxyproline can subsequently be modified by a five-sugar chain. 28928220 2 61 mod modified 463:470 arg3 chain 488:492 a five-sugar chain 475:492 a five-sugar chain 475:492 Unlike its animal counterparts, Skp1 from Toxoplasma gondii is hydroxylated by an O2-dependent prolyl-4-hydroxylase (PhyA), and the resulting hydroxyproline can subsequently be modified by a five-sugar chain. 28928220 10 62 theme ancestral 1861:1869 arg1 pathway 1890:1896 the ancestral Skp1 glycosylation pathway 1857:1896 the ancestral Skp1 glycosylation pathway in protists 1857:1908 A genomic bioinformatics survey suggested that Glt1 belongs to the ancestral Skp1 glycosylation pathway in protists and evolved separately from related Golgi-resident GT32 glycosyltransferases. 28928220 4 63 from Dictyostelium 828:840 arg1 addition 792:799 the addition 788:799 the addition of the final two sugars in Dictyostelium 788:840 Homologous glycosyltransferases assemble a similar core trisaccharide in both organisms, and a bifunctional α-galactosyltransferase from CAZy family GT77 mediates the addition of the final two sugars in Dictyostelium, generating Galα1, 3Galα1,3Fucα1,2Galβ1,3GlcNAcα1-. 28928220 7 64 theme Recombinant 1288:1298 arg1 Glt1 1300:1303 Recombinant Glt1 1288:1303 Recombinant Glt1 1288:1303 Recombinant Glt1 catalyzed the same reaction, confirming that it directly mediates Skp1 glucosylation, and NMR demonstrated formation of a Glcα1,3Fuc linkage. 28928220 4 65 from sugars 818:823 arg1 Dictyostelium 828:840 Dictyostelium 828:840 Dictyostelium 828:840 Homologous glycosyltransferases assemble a similar core trisaccharide in both organisms, and a bifunctional α-galactosyltransferase from CAZy family GT77 mediates the addition of the final two sugars in Dictyostelium, generating Galα1, 3Galα1,3Fucα1,2Galβ1,3GlcNAcα1-. 28928220 8 66 theme only 1540:1543 arg1 Skp1 1545:1548 labeled only Skp1 1532:1548 labeled only Skp1 1532:1548 Recombinant Glt1 strongly preferred the full core trisaccharide attached to Skp1 and labeled only Skp1 in glt1Δ extracts, suggesting specificity for Skp1. 28928220 8 67 from Skp1 1523:1526 arg1 extracts 1559:1566 glt1Δ extracts 1553:1566 glt1Δ extracts 1553:1566 Recombinant Glt1 strongly preferred the full core trisaccharide attached to Skp1 and labeled only Skp1 in glt1Δ extracts, suggesting specificity for Skp1. 28928220 0 68 theme Skp1 108:111 arg1 subunit 133:139 the Toxoplasma Skp1 E3 ubiquitin ligase subunit 93:139 the Toxoplasma Skp1 E3 ubiquitin ligase subunit 93:139 Characterization of a cytoplasmic glucosyltransferase that extends the core trisaccharide of the Toxoplasma Skp1 E3 ubiquitin ligase subunit. 28928220 4 69 theme final 808:812 arg1 sugars 818:823 the final two sugars 804:823 the final two sugars in Dictyostelium 804:840 Homologous glycosyltransferases assemble a similar core trisaccharide in both organisms, and a bifunctional α-galactosyltransferase from CAZy family GT77 mediates the addition of the final two sugars in Dictyostelium, generating Galα1, 3Galα1,3Fucα1,2Galβ1,3GlcNAcα1-. 28928220 0 70 theme ubiquitin 116:124 arg1 subunit 133:139 the Toxoplasma Skp1 E3 ubiquitin ligase subunit 93:139 the Toxoplasma Skp1 E3 ubiquitin ligase subunit 93:139 Characterization of a cytoplasmic glucosyltransferase that extends the core trisaccharide of the Toxoplasma Skp1 E3 ubiquitin ligase subunit. 28928220 6 71 theme terminal 1115:1122 arg1 disaccharide 1124:1135 the terminal disaccharide 1111:1135 the terminal disaccharide in cells 1111:1144 Catalytically active Glt1 was required for the addition of the terminal disaccharide in cells, and cytosolic extracts catalyzed transfer of [3H]glucose from UDP-[3H]glucose to the trisaccharide form of Skp1 in a glt1-dependent fashion. 28928220 4 72 from GT77 774:777 arg1 α-galactosyltransferase 733:755 a bifunctional α-galactosyltransferase 718:755 a bifunctional α-galactosyltransferase from CAZy family GT77 718:777 Homologous glycosyltransferases assemble a similar core trisaccharide in both organisms, and a bifunctional α-galactosyltransferase from CAZy family GT77 mediates the addition of the final two sugars in Dictyostelium, generating Galα1, 3Galα1,3Fucα1,2Galβ1,3GlcNAcα1-. 28928220 9 73 theme glt1-knock-out 1602:1615 arg1 parasites 1617:1625 glt1-knock-out parasites 1602:1625 glt1-knock-out parasites 1602:1625 glt1-knock-out parasites exhibited a growth defect not rescued by catalytically inactive Glt1, indicating that the glycan acts in concert with the first enzyme in the pathway, PhyA, in cells. 28928220 4 74 theme CAZy 762:765 arg1 GT77 774:777 CAZy family GT77 762:777 CAZy family GT77 762:777 Homologous glycosyltransferases assemble a similar core trisaccharide in both organisms, and a bifunctional α-galactosyltransferase from CAZy family GT77 mediates the addition of the final two sugars in Dictyostelium, generating Galα1, 3Galα1,3Fucα1,2Galβ1,3GlcNAcα1-. 28928220 0 75 theme cytoplasmic 22:32 arg1 glucosyltransferase 34:52 a cytoplasmic glucosyltransferase 20:52 a cytoplasmic glucosyltransferase that extends the core trisaccharide of the Toxoplasma Skp1 E3 ubiquitin ligase subunit 20:139 Characterization of a cytoplasmic glucosyltransferase that extends the core trisaccharide of the Toxoplasma Skp1 E3 ubiquitin ligase subunit. 28928220 1 76 theme protein 265:271 arg1 degradation 273:283 eukaryotic protein degradation 254:283 eukaryotic protein degradation 254:283 Skp1 is a subunit of the SCF (Skp1/Cullin 1/F-box protein) class of E3 ubiquitin ligases that are important for eukaryotic protein degradation. 28928220 5 77 theme CAZy 993:996 arg1 family 998:1003 CAZy family GT32 993:1008 CAZy family GT32 993:1008 Here, we found that Toxoplasma utilizes a cytoplasmic glycosyltransferase from an ancient clade of CAZy family GT32 to catalyze transfer of the fourth sugar. 28928220 9 78 theme growth 1639:1644 arg1 defect 1646:1651 a growth defect 1637:1651 a growth defect not rescued by catalytically inactive Glt1 1637:1694 glt1-knock-out parasites exhibited a growth defect not rescued by catalytically inactive Glt1, indicating that the glycan acts in concert with the first enzyme in the pathway, PhyA, in cells. 28928220 7 79 theme same 1319:1322 arg1 reaction 1324:1331 the same reaction 1315:1331 the same reaction 1315:1331 Recombinant Glt1 catalyzed the same reaction, confirming that it directly mediates Skp1 glucosylation, and NMR demonstrated formation of a Glcα1,3Fuc linkage. 28928220 10 80 theme glycosylation 1876:1888 arg1 pathway 1890:1896 the ancestral Skp1 glycosylation pathway 1857:1896 the ancestral Skp1 glycosylation pathway in protists 1857:1908 A genomic bioinformatics survey suggested that Glt1 belongs to the ancestral Skp1 glycosylation pathway in protists and evolved separately from related Golgi-resident GT32 glycosyltransferases. 28928220 9 81 with concert 1732:1738 arg1 PhyA 1778:1781 PhyA 1778:1781 PhyA 1778:1781 glt1-knock-out parasites exhibited a growth defect not rescued by catalytically inactive Glt1, indicating that the glycan acts in concert with the first enzyme in the pathway, PhyA, in cells. 28928220 9 81 with concert 1732:1738 arg1 enzyme 1755:1760 the first enzyme 1745:1760 the first enzyme in the pathway 1745:1775 glt1-knock-out parasites exhibited a growth defect not rescued by catalytically inactive Glt1, indicating that the glycan acts in concert with the first enzyme in the pathway, PhyA, in cells. 28928220 6 82 theme cytosolic 1151:1159 arg1 extracts 1161:1168 cytosolic extracts 1151:1168 cytosolic extracts 1151:1168 Catalytically active Glt1 was required for the addition of the terminal disaccharide in cells, and cytosolic extracts catalyzed transfer of [3H]glucose from UDP-[3H]glucose to the trisaccharide form of Skp1 in a glt1-dependent fashion. 28928220 8 83 theme Recombinant 1447:1457 arg1 Glt1 1459:1462 Recombinant Glt1 1447:1462 Recombinant Glt1 1447:1462 Recombinant Glt1 strongly preferred the full core trisaccharide attached to Skp1 and labeled only Skp1 in glt1Δ extracts, suggesting specificity for Skp1. 28928220 5 84 from clade 984:988 arg1 glycosyltransferase 948:966 a cytoplasmic glycosyltransferase 934:966 a cytoplasmic glycosyltransferase from an ancient clade of CAZy family GT32 934:1008 Here, we found that Toxoplasma utilizes a cytoplasmic glycosyltransferase from an ancient clade of CAZy family GT32 to catalyze transfer of the fourth sugar. 28928220 1 85 theme E3 210:211 arg1 ligases 223:229 E3 ubiquitin ligases 210:229 E3 ubiquitin ligases that are important for eukaryotic protein degradation 210:283 Skp1 is a subunit of the SCF (Skp1/Cullin 1/F-box protein) class of E3 ubiquitin ligases that are important for eukaryotic protein degradation. 28928220 9 86 theme inactive 1682:1689 arg1 Glt1 1691:1694 catalytically inactive Glt1 1668:1694 catalytically inactive Glt1 1668:1694 glt1-knock-out parasites exhibited a growth defect not rescued by catalytically inactive Glt1, indicating that the glycan acts in concert with the first enzyme in the pathway, PhyA, in cells. 28928220 10 87 theme GT32 1961:1964 arg1 glycosyltransferases 1966:1985 related Golgi-resident GT32 glycosyltransferases 1938:1985 related Golgi-resident GT32 glycosyltransferases 1938:1985 A genomic bioinformatics survey suggested that Glt1 belongs to the ancestral Skp1 glycosylation pathway in protists and evolved separately from related Golgi-resident GT32 glycosyltransferases. 28928220 4 88 theme sugars 818:823 arg1 addition 792:799 the addition 788:799 the addition of the final two sugars in Dictyostelium 788:840 Homologous glycosyltransferases assemble a similar core trisaccharide in both organisms, and a bifunctional α-galactosyltransferase from CAZy family GT77 mediates the addition of the final two sugars in Dictyostelium, generating Galα1, 3Galα1,3Fucα1,2Galβ1,3GlcNAcα1-. 28928220 8 89 attach attached 1511:1518 arg1 Skp1 1545:1548 labeled only Skp1 1532:1548 labeled only Skp1 1532:1548 Recombinant Glt1 strongly preferred the full core trisaccharide attached to Skp1 and labeled only Skp1 in glt1Δ extracts, suggesting specificity for Skp1. 28928220 8 89 attach attached 1511:1518 arg1 Skp1 1523:1526 Skp1 1523:1526 Skp1 1523:1526 Recombinant Glt1 strongly preferred the full core trisaccharide attached to Skp1 and labeled only Skp1 in glt1Δ extracts, suggesting specificity for Skp1. 28928220 8 89 attach attached 1511:1518 arg2 trisaccharide 1497:1509 the full core trisaccharide 1483:1509 the full core trisaccharide attached to Skp1 and labeled only Skp1 in glt1Δ extracts 1483:1566 Recombinant Glt1 strongly preferred the full core trisaccharide attached to Skp1 and labeled only Skp1 in glt1Δ extracts, suggesting specificity for Skp1. 28928220 1 90 theme ligases 223:229 arg1 class 201:205 the SCF (Skp1/Cullin 1/F-box protein) class 163:205 the SCF (Skp1/Cullin 1/F-box protein) class of E3 ubiquitin ligases that are important for eukaryotic protein degradation 163:283 Skp1 is a subunit of the SCF (Skp1/Cullin 1/F-box protein) class of E3 ubiquitin ligases that are important for eukaryotic protein degradation. 28402900 3 0 theme EC 621:622 arg1 samples 624:630 the three EC samples 611:630 the three EC samples 611:630 In addition, the lineshape of the quantitative 13C NMR spectra of the three EC samples provided change in the mole fractions of these AGUs against DS, making it possible to estimate the reaction mechanism for the production of EC, elucidating reactivities of the hydroxyl groups at the 2, 3, and 6 positions of cellulose and interactions between the substituent groups within the same AGU and vicinal AGUs. 28402900 1 1 theme substitution 143:154 arg1 -0.51 160:164 substitution (DS)-0.51 143:164 substitution (DS)-0.51 143:164 Three samples of ethyl cellulose (EC) with different degrees of substitution (DS)-0.51, 1.41, and 2.28-were prepared by a slurry method using ethyl bromide as the etherification reagent. 28402900 3 2 from interactions 870:881 arg1 positions 843:851 the 2, 3, and 6 positions 827:851 the 2, 3, and 6 positions of cellulose 827:864 In addition, the lineshape of the quantitative 13C NMR spectra of the three EC samples provided change in the mole fractions of these AGUs against DS, making it possible to estimate the reaction mechanism for the production of EC, elucidating reactivities of the hydroxyl groups at the 2, 3, and 6 positions of cellulose and interactions between the substituent groups within the same AGU and vicinal AGUs. 28402900 2 3 theme 2,3,6-tri-substituted 517:537 arg1 AGUs 539:542 2,3,6-tri-substituted AGUs 517:542 2,3,6-tri-substituted AGUs 517:542 1H-13C HSQC and HSQC-TOCSY NMR spectral analysis allowed for complete assignment of the 1H and 13C chemical shifts, respectively, of eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) comprising EC chains-un-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted AGUs. 28402900 3 4 theme reaction 731:738 arg1 mechanism 740:748 the reaction mechanism 727:748 the reaction mechanism for the production of EC 727:773 In addition, the lineshape of the quantitative 13C NMR spectra of the three EC samples provided change in the mole fractions of these AGUs against DS, making it possible to estimate the reaction mechanism for the production of EC, elucidating reactivities of the hydroxyl groups at the 2, 3, and 6 positions of cellulose and interactions between the substituent groups within the same AGU and vicinal AGUs. 28402900 3 5 theme same 925:928 arg1 AGU 930:932 the same AGU 921:932 the same AGU 921:932 In addition, the lineshape of the quantitative 13C NMR spectra of the three EC samples provided change in the mole fractions of these AGUs against DS, making it possible to estimate the reaction mechanism for the production of EC, elucidating reactivities of the hydroxyl groups at the 2, 3, and 6 positions of cellulose and interactions between the substituent groups within the same AGU and vicinal AGUs. 28402900 3 6 theme EC 772:773 arg1 production 758:767 the production 754:767 the production of EC 754:773 In addition, the lineshape of the quantitative 13C NMR spectra of the three EC samples provided change in the mole fractions of these AGUs against DS, making it possible to estimate the reaction mechanism for the production of EC, elucidating reactivities of the hydroxyl groups at the 2, 3, and 6 positions of cellulose and interactions between the substituent groups within the same AGU and vicinal AGUs. 28402900 1 7 theme ethyl 221:225 arg1 reagent 257:263 the etherification reagent 238:263 the etherification reagent 238:263 Three samples of ethyl cellulose (EC) with different degrees of substitution (DS)-0.51, 1.41, and 2.28-were prepared by a slurry method using ethyl bromide as the etherification reagent. 28402900 1 7 theme ethyl 221:225 arg1 bromide 227:233 ethyl bromide 221:233 ethyl bromide 221:233 Three samples of ethyl cellulose (EC) with different degrees of substitution (DS)-0.51, 1.41, and 2.28-were prepared by a slurry method using ethyl bromide as the etherification reagent. 28402900 1 8 theme different 122:130 arg1 degrees 132:138 different degrees 122:138 different degrees of substitution (DS)-0.51, 1.41, and 2.28-were 122:185 Three samples of ethyl cellulose (EC) with different degrees of substitution (DS)-0.51, 1.41, and 2.28-were prepared by a slurry method using ethyl bromide as the etherification reagent. 28402900 3 9 theme hydroxyl 808:815 arg1 groups 817:822 the hydroxyl groups 804:822 the hydroxyl groups at the 2, 3, and 6 positions of cellulose 804:864 In addition, the lineshape of the quantitative 13C NMR spectra of the three EC samples provided change in the mole fractions of these AGUs against DS, making it possible to estimate the reaction mechanism for the production of EC, elucidating reactivities of the hydroxyl groups at the 2, 3, and 6 positions of cellulose and interactions between the substituent groups within the same AGU and vicinal AGUs. 28402900 3 10 theme samples 624:630 arg1 spectra 600:606 the quantitative 13C NMR spectra 575:606 the quantitative 13C NMR spectra of the three EC samples 575:630 In addition, the lineshape of the quantitative 13C NMR spectra of the three EC samples provided change in the mole fractions of these AGUs against DS, making it possible to estimate the reaction mechanism for the production of EC, elucidating reactivities of the hydroxyl groups at the 2, 3, and 6 positions of cellulose and interactions between the substituent groups within the same AGU and vicinal AGUs. 28402900 2 11 theme 1H 354:355 arg1 assignment 336:345 complete assignment 327:345 complete assignment of the 1H and 13C chemical shifts 327:379 1H-13C HSQC and HSQC-TOCSY NMR spectral analysis allowed for complete assignment of the 1H and 13C chemical shifts, respectively, of eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) comprising EC chains-un-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted AGUs. 28402900 1 12 with cellulose 102:110 arg1 degrees 132:138 different degrees 122:138 different degrees of substitution (DS)-0.51, 1.41, and 2.28-were 122:185 Three samples of ethyl cellulose (EC) with different degrees of substitution (DS)-0.51, 1.41, and 2.28-were prepared by a slurry method using ethyl bromide as the etherification reagent. 28402900 1 13 theme -0.51 160:164 arg1 degrees 132:138 different degrees 122:138 different degrees of substitution (DS)-0.51, 1.41, and 2.28-were 122:185 Three samples of ethyl cellulose (EC) with different degrees of substitution (DS)-0.51, 1.41, and 2.28-were prepared by a slurry method using ethyl bromide as the etherification reagent. 28402900 3 14 theme 13C 592:594 arg1 spectra 600:606 the quantitative 13C NMR spectra 575:606 the quantitative 13C NMR spectra of the three EC samples 575:630 In addition, the lineshape of the quantitative 13C NMR spectra of the three EC samples provided change in the mole fractions of these AGUs against DS, making it possible to estimate the reaction mechanism for the production of EC, elucidating reactivities of the hydroxyl groups at the 2, 3, and 6 positions of cellulose and interactions between the substituent groups within the same AGU and vicinal AGUs. 28402900 3 15 theme substituent 895:905 arg1 groups 907:912 the substituent groups 891:912 the substituent groups within the same AGU and vicinal AGUs 891:949 In addition, the lineshape of the quantitative 13C NMR spectra of the three EC samples provided change in the mole fractions of these AGUs against DS, making it possible to estimate the reaction mechanism for the production of EC, elucidating reactivities of the hydroxyl groups at the 2, 3, and 6 positions of cellulose and interactions between the substituent groups within the same AGU and vicinal AGUs. 28402900 1 16 theme ethyl 96:100 arg1 EC 113:114 EC 113:114 EC 113:114 Three samples of ethyl cellulose (EC) with different degrees of substitution (DS)-0.51, 1.41, and 2.28-were prepared by a slurry method using ethyl bromide as the etherification reagent. 28402900 1 16 theme ethyl 96:100 arg1 cellulose 102:110 ethyl cellulose 96:110 ethyl cellulose (EC) with different degrees of substitution (DS)-0.51, 1.41, and 2.28-were 96:185 Three samples of ethyl cellulose (EC) with different degrees of substitution (DS)-0.51, 1.41, and 2.28-were prepared by a slurry method using ethyl bromide as the etherification reagent. 28402900 3 17 theme vicinal 938:944 arg1 AGUs 946:949 vicinal AGUs 938:949 vicinal AGUs 938:949 In addition, the lineshape of the quantitative 13C NMR spectra of the three EC samples provided change in the mole fractions of these AGUs against DS, making it possible to estimate the reaction mechanism for the production of EC, elucidating reactivities of the hydroxyl groups at the 2, 3, and 6 positions of cellulose and interactions between the substituent groups within the same AGU and vicinal AGUs. 28402900 0 18 theme fractions 22:30 arg1 Determination 0:12 Determination 0:12 Determination of mole fractions of ethyl-cellulose-containing 0:60 Determination of mole fractions of ethyl-cellulose-containing monomers by NMR. 28402900 1 19 theme cellulose 102:110 arg1 samples 85:91 Three samples 79:91 Three samples of ethyl cellulose (EC) with different degrees of substitution (DS)-0.51, 1.41, and 2.28-were 79:185 Three samples of ethyl cellulose (EC) with different degrees of substitution (DS)-0.51, 1.41, and 2.28-were prepared by a slurry method using ethyl bromide as the etherification reagent. 28402900 1 20 theme 1.41 167:170 arg1 degrees 132:138 different degrees 122:138 different degrees of substitution (DS)-0.51, 1.41, and 2.28-were 122:185 Three samples of ethyl cellulose (EC) with different degrees of substitution (DS)-0.51, 1.41, and 2.28-were prepared by a slurry method using ethyl bromide as the etherification reagent. 28402900 0 21 theme mole 17:20 arg1 fractions 22:30 mole fractions 17:30 mole fractions of ethyl-cellulose-containing 17:60 Determination of mole fractions of ethyl-cellulose-containing monomers by NMR. 28402900 1 22 theme etherification 242:255 arg1 reagent 257:263 the etherification reagent 238:263 the etherification reagent 238:263 Three samples of ethyl cellulose (EC) with different degrees of substitution (DS)-0.51, 1.41, and 2.28-were prepared by a slurry method using ethyl bromide as the etherification reagent. 28402900 1 22 theme etherification 242:255 arg1 bromide 227:233 ethyl bromide 221:233 ethyl bromide 221:233 Three samples of ethyl cellulose (EC) with different degrees of substitution (DS)-0.51, 1.41, and 2.28-were prepared by a slurry method using ethyl bromide as the etherification reagent. 28402900 3 23 theme groups 817:822 arg1 reactivities 788:799 reactivities 788:799 reactivities of the hydroxyl groups at the 2, 3, and 6 positions of cellulose 788:864 In addition, the lineshape of the quantitative 13C NMR spectra of the three EC samples provided change in the mole fractions of these AGUs against DS, making it possible to estimate the reaction mechanism for the production of EC, elucidating reactivities of the hydroxyl groups at the 2, 3, and 6 positions of cellulose and interactions between the substituent groups within the same AGU and vicinal AGUs. 28402900 3 23 theme groups 817:822 arg1 interactions 870:881 interactions 870:881 interactions between the substituent groups within the same AGU and vicinal AGUs 870:949 In addition, the lineshape of the quantitative 13C NMR spectra of the three EC samples provided change in the mole fractions of these AGUs against DS, making it possible to estimate the reaction mechanism for the production of EC, elucidating reactivities of the hydroxyl groups at the 2, 3, and 6 positions of cellulose and interactions between the substituent groups within the same AGU and vicinal AGUs. 28402900 2 24 theme shifts 374:379 arg1 assignment 336:345 complete assignment 327:345 complete assignment of the 1H and 13C chemical shifts 327:379 1H-13C HSQC and HSQC-TOCSY NMR spectral analysis allowed for complete assignment of the 1H and 13C chemical shifts, respectively, of eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) comprising EC chains-un-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted AGUs. 28402900 0 25 theme ethyl-cellulose-containing 35:60 arg1 fractions 22:30 mole fractions 17:30 mole fractions of ethyl-cellulose-containing 17:60 Determination of mole fractions of ethyl-cellulose-containing monomers by NMR. 28402900 3 26 theme mole 655:658 arg1 fractions 660:668 the mole fractions 651:668 the mole fractions of these AGUs 651:682 In addition, the lineshape of the quantitative 13C NMR spectra of the three EC samples provided change in the mole fractions of these AGUs against DS, making it possible to estimate the reaction mechanism for the production of EC, elucidating reactivities of the hydroxyl groups at the 2, 3, and 6 positions of cellulose and interactions between the substituent groups within the same AGU and vicinal AGUs. 28402900 2 27 theme chemical 365:372 arg1 shifts 374:379 13C chemical shifts 361:379 13C chemical shifts 361:379 1H-13C HSQC and HSQC-TOCSY NMR spectral analysis allowed for complete assignment of the 1H and 13C chemical shifts, respectively, of eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) comprising EC chains-un-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted AGUs. 28402900 1 28 theme 2.28-were 177:185 arg1 degrees 132:138 different degrees 122:138 different degrees of substitution (DS)-0.51, 1.41, and 2.28-were 122:185 Three samples of ethyl cellulose (EC) with different degrees of substitution (DS)-0.51, 1.41, and 2.28-were prepared by a slurry method using ethyl bromide as the etherification reagent. 28402900 2 29 theme anhydroglucose 405:418 arg1 units 420:424 eight anhydroglucose units 399:424 eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) comprising EC chains-un-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted AGUs 399:542 1H-13C HSQC and HSQC-TOCSY NMR spectral analysis allowed for complete assignment of the 1H and 13C chemical shifts, respectively, of eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) comprising EC chains-un-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted AGUs. 28402900 2 29 theme anhydroglucose 405:418 arg1 AGUs 427:430 AGUs 427:430 AGUs 427:430 1H-13C HSQC and HSQC-TOCSY NMR spectral analysis allowed for complete assignment of the 1H and 13C chemical shifts, respectively, of eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) comprising EC chains-un-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted AGUs. 28402900 3 30 theme NMR 596:598 arg1 spectra 600:606 the quantitative 13C NMR spectra 575:606 the quantitative 13C NMR spectra of the three EC samples 575:630 In addition, the lineshape of the quantitative 13C NMR spectra of the three EC samples provided change in the mole fractions of these AGUs against DS, making it possible to estimate the reaction mechanism for the production of EC, elucidating reactivities of the hydroxyl groups at the 2, 3, and 6 positions of cellulose and interactions between the substituent groups within the same AGU and vicinal AGUs. 28402900 2 31 theme spectral 297:304 arg1 analysis 306:313 HSQC-TOCSY NMR spectral analysis 282:313 HSQC-TOCSY NMR spectral analysis 282:313 1H-13C HSQC and HSQC-TOCSY NMR spectral analysis allowed for complete assignment of the 1H and 13C chemical shifts, respectively, of eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) comprising EC chains-un-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted AGUs. 28402900 3 32 theme AGUs 679:682 arg1 fractions 660:668 the mole fractions 651:668 the mole fractions of these AGUs 651:682 In addition, the lineshape of the quantitative 13C NMR spectra of the three EC samples provided change in the mole fractions of these AGUs against DS, making it possible to estimate the reaction mechanism for the production of EC, elucidating reactivities of the hydroxyl groups at the 2, 3, and 6 positions of cellulose and interactions between the substituent groups within the same AGU and vicinal AGUs. 28402900 3 33 theme spectra 600:606 arg1 lineshape 562:570 the lineshape 558:570 the lineshape of the quantitative 13C NMR spectra of the three EC samples 558:630 In addition, the lineshape of the quantitative 13C NMR spectra of the three EC samples provided change in the mole fractions of these AGUs against DS, making it possible to estimate the reaction mechanism for the production of EC, elucidating reactivities of the hydroxyl groups at the 2, 3, and 6 positions of cellulose and interactions between the substituent groups within the same AGU and vicinal AGUs. 28402900 3 34 from reactivities 788:799 arg1 positions 843:851 the 2, 3, and 6 positions 827:851 the 2, 3, and 6 positions of cellulose 827:864 In addition, the lineshape of the quantitative 13C NMR spectra of the three EC samples provided change in the mole fractions of these AGUs against DS, making it possible to estimate the reaction mechanism for the production of EC, elucidating reactivities of the hydroxyl groups at the 2, 3, and 6 positions of cellulose and interactions between the substituent groups within the same AGU and vicinal AGUs. 28402900 2 35 theme NMR 293:295 arg1 analysis 306:313 HSQC-TOCSY NMR spectral analysis 282:313 HSQC-TOCSY NMR spectral analysis 282:313 1H-13C HSQC and HSQC-TOCSY NMR spectral analysis allowed for complete assignment of the 1H and 13C chemical shifts, respectively, of eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) comprising EC chains-un-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted AGUs. 28402900 2 36 theme 1H-13C 266:271 arg1 HSQC 273:276 1H-13C HSQC 266:276 1H-13C HSQC 266:276 1H-13C HSQC and HSQC-TOCSY NMR spectral analysis allowed for complete assignment of the 1H and 13C chemical shifts, respectively, of eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) comprising EC chains-un-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted AGUs. 28402900 3 37 theme quantitative 579:590 arg1 spectra 600:606 the quantitative 13C NMR spectra 575:606 the quantitative 13C NMR spectra of the three EC samples 575:630 In addition, the lineshape of the quantitative 13C NMR spectra of the three EC samples provided change in the mole fractions of these AGUs against DS, making it possible to estimate the reaction mechanism for the production of EC, elucidating reactivities of the hydroxyl groups at the 2, 3, and 6 positions of cellulose and interactions between the substituent groups within the same AGU and vicinal AGUs. 28402900 2 38 theme HSQC-TOCSY 282:291 arg1 analysis 306:313 HSQC-TOCSY NMR spectral analysis 282:313 HSQC-TOCSY NMR spectral analysis 282:313 1H-13C HSQC and HSQC-TOCSY NMR spectral analysis allowed for complete assignment of the 1H and 13C chemical shifts, respectively, of eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) comprising EC chains-un-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted AGUs. 28402900 2 39 theme 13C 361:363 arg1 shifts 374:379 13C chemical shifts 361:379 13C chemical shifts 361:379 1H-13C HSQC and HSQC-TOCSY NMR spectral analysis allowed for complete assignment of the 1H and 13C chemical shifts, respectively, of eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) comprising EC chains-un-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted AGUs. 28402900 3 40 theme cellulose 856:864 arg1 positions 843:851 the 2, 3, and 6 positions 827:851 the 2, 3, and 6 positions of cellulose 827:864 In addition, the lineshape of the quantitative 13C NMR spectra of the three EC samples provided change in the mole fractions of these AGUs against DS, making it possible to estimate the reaction mechanism for the production of EC, elucidating reactivities of the hydroxyl groups at the 2, 3, and 6 positions of cellulose and interactions between the substituent groups within the same AGU and vicinal AGUs. 28402900 3 41 from positions 843:851 arg1 reactivities 788:799 reactivities 788:799 reactivities of the hydroxyl groups at the 2, 3, and 6 positions of cellulose 788:864 In addition, the lineshape of the quantitative 13C NMR spectra of the three EC samples provided change in the mole fractions of these AGUs against DS, making it possible to estimate the reaction mechanism for the production of EC, elucidating reactivities of the hydroxyl groups at the 2, 3, and 6 positions of cellulose and interactions between the substituent groups within the same AGU and vicinal AGUs. 28402900 3 41 from positions 843:851 arg1 interactions 870:881 interactions 870:881 interactions between the substituent groups within the same AGU and vicinal AGUs 870:949 In addition, the lineshape of the quantitative 13C NMR spectra of the three EC samples provided change in the mole fractions of these AGUs against DS, making it possible to estimate the reaction mechanism for the production of EC, elucidating reactivities of the hydroxyl groups at the 2, 3, and 6 positions of cellulose and interactions between the substituent groups within the same AGU and vicinal AGUs. 28402900 3 41 from positions 843:851 arg1 groups 817:822 the hydroxyl groups 804:822 the hydroxyl groups at the 2, 3, and 6 positions of cellulose 804:864 In addition, the lineshape of the quantitative 13C NMR spectra of the three EC samples provided change in the mole fractions of these AGUs against DS, making it possible to estimate the reaction mechanism for the production of EC, elucidating reactivities of the hydroxyl groups at the 2, 3, and 6 positions of cellulose and interactions between the substituent groups within the same AGU and vicinal AGUs. 28402900 2 42 theme EC 444:445 arg1 chains-un- 447:456 EC chains-un- 444:456 EC chains-un- 444:456 1H-13C HSQC and HSQC-TOCSY NMR spectral analysis allowed for complete assignment of the 1H and 13C chemical shifts, respectively, of eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) comprising EC chains-un-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted AGUs. 28402900 2 43 theme complete 327:334 arg1 assignment 336:345 complete assignment 327:345 complete assignment of the 1H and 13C chemical shifts 327:379 1H-13C HSQC and HSQC-TOCSY NMR spectral analysis allowed for complete assignment of the 1H and 13C chemical shifts, respectively, of eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) comprising EC chains-un-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, and 2,3,6-tri-substituted AGUs. 28402900 1 44 theme slurry 201:206 arg1 method 208:213 a slurry method 199:213 a slurry method using ethyl bromide as the etherification reagent 199:263 Three samples of ethyl cellulose (EC) with different degrees of substitution (DS)-0.51, 1.41, and 2.28-were prepared by a slurry method using ethyl bromide as the etherification reagent. 27987956 0 0 theme composite 91:99 arg1 films 101:105 composite films 91:105 composite films 91:105 Chemical treatment and characterization of soybean straw and soybean protein isolate/straw composite films. 27987956 7 1 theme packaging 1138:1146 arg1 materials 1148:1156 suitable packaging materials 1129:1156 suitable packaging materials for fresh fruit and vegetables 1129:1187 The low solubility and the reasonable water vapor permeability of the composite films make them suitable packaging materials for fresh fruit and vegetables. 27987956 6 2 theme film 1013:1016 arg1 properties 991:1000 the properties 987:1000 the properties of the SPI film 987:1016 Addition of non-treated SS did not affect the properties of the SPI film significantly. 27987956 1 3 theme sodium 289:294 arg1 NaOCl 310:314 NaOCl 310:314 NaOCl 310:314 This work investigated changes in the chemical composition and structure of soybean straw (SS) treated with alkali (NaOH 5% and 17.5%) and bleached with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). 27987956 1 3 theme sodium 289:294 arg1 hypochlorite 296:307 sodium hypochlorite 289:307 sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) 289:315 This work investigated changes in the chemical composition and structure of soybean straw (SS) treated with alkali (NaOH 5% and 17.5%) and bleached with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). 27987956 5 4 theme treated 836:842 arg1 SS 844:845 treated SS 836:845 treated SS 836:845 Films added with treated SS presented higher mechanical resistance, lower elongation at break, and lower solubility in water. 27987956 2 5 theme alkali 486:491 arg1 concentrations 468:481 high concentrations 463:481 high concentrations of alkali 463:491 Removal of the amorphous constituents increased the degree of crystallinity and the content of cellulose fibers particularly after reaction with high concentrations of alkali. 27987956 3 6 theme bleaching 630:638 arg1 agent 640:644 bleaching agent 630:644 bleaching agent 630:644 Treatment with NaOH 17.5% contributed to the allomorph transition from cellulose I to II regardless of the bleaching agent, but H2O2 as bleaching agent promoted more effective delignification. 27987956 4 7 theme potential 716:724 arg1 use 726:728 the potential use 712:728 the potential use of treated and non-treated SS as reinforcement filler 712:782 This work also evaluated the potential use of treated and non-treated SS as reinforcement filler in soy protein isolate film (SPI). 27987956 5 8 from break 907:911 arg1 resistance 875:884 higher mechanical resistance 857:884 higher mechanical resistance 857:884 Films added with treated SS presented higher mechanical resistance, lower elongation at break, and lower solubility in water. 27987956 5 8 from break 907:911 arg1 elongation 893:902 lower elongation 887:902 lower elongation at break 887:911 Films added with treated SS presented higher mechanical resistance, lower elongation at break, and lower solubility in water. 27987956 5 8 from break 907:911 arg1 solubility 924:933 lower solubility 918:933 lower solubility in water 918:942 Films added with treated SS presented higher mechanical resistance, lower elongation at break, and lower solubility in water. 27987956 7 9 theme suitable 1129:1136 arg1 materials 1148:1156 suitable packaging materials 1129:1156 suitable packaging materials for fresh fruit and vegetables 1129:1187 The low solubility and the reasonable water vapor permeability of the composite films make them suitable packaging materials for fresh fruit and vegetables. 27987956 7 10 theme low 1037:1039 arg1 solubility 1041:1050 The low solubility 1033:1050 The low solubility 1033:1050 The low solubility and the reasonable water vapor permeability of the composite films make them suitable packaging materials for fresh fruit and vegetables. 27987956 7 11 theme water 1071:1075 arg1 permeability 1083:1094 the reasonable water vapor permeability 1056:1094 the reasonable water vapor permeability 1056:1094 The low solubility and the reasonable water vapor permeability of the composite films make them suitable packaging materials for fresh fruit and vegetables. 27987956 3 12 theme NaOH 509:512 arg1 % 518:518 NaOH 17.5% 509:518 NaOH 17.5% 509:518 Treatment with NaOH 17.5% contributed to the allomorph transition from cellulose I to II regardless of the bleaching agent, but H2O2 as bleaching agent promoted more effective delignification. 27987956 3 13 from cellulose 565:573 arg1 transition 549:558 the allomorph transition 535:558 the allomorph transition from cellulose I to II 535:581 Treatment with NaOH 17.5% contributed to the allomorph transition from cellulose I to II regardless of the bleaching agent, but H2O2 as bleaching agent promoted more effective delignification. 27987956 7 14 theme films 1113:1117 arg1 solubility 1041:1050 The low solubility 1033:1050 The low solubility 1033:1050 The low solubility and the reasonable water vapor permeability of the composite films make them suitable packaging materials for fresh fruit and vegetables. 27987956 7 14 theme films 1113:1117 arg1 permeability 1083:1094 the reasonable water vapor permeability 1056:1094 the reasonable water vapor permeability 1056:1094 The low solubility and the reasonable water vapor permeability of the composite films make them suitable packaging materials for fresh fruit and vegetables. 27987956 4 15 theme protein 791:797 arg1 SPI 813:815 SPI 813:815 SPI 813:815 This work also evaluated the potential use of treated and non-treated SS as reinforcement filler in soy protein isolate film (SPI). 27987956 4 15 theme protein 791:797 arg1 film 807:810 soy protein isolate film 787:810 soy protein isolate film (SPI) 787:816 This work also evaluated the potential use of treated and non-treated SS as reinforcement filler in soy protein isolate film (SPI). 27987956 2 16 with reaction 449:456 arg1 concentrations 468:481 high concentrations 463:481 high concentrations of alkali 463:491 Removal of the amorphous constituents increased the degree of crystallinity and the content of cellulose fibers particularly after reaction with high concentrations of alkali. 27987956 2 17 theme amorphous 333:341 arg1 constituents 343:354 the amorphous constituents 329:354 the amorphous constituents 329:354 Removal of the amorphous constituents increased the degree of crystallinity and the content of cellulose fibers particularly after reaction with high concentrations of alkali. 27987956 2 18 theme high 463:466 arg1 concentrations 468:481 high concentrations 463:481 high concentrations of alkali 463:491 Removal of the amorphous constituents increased the degree of crystallinity and the content of cellulose fibers particularly after reaction with high concentrations of alkali. 27987956 0 19 theme soybean 43:49 arg1 straw 51:55 soybean straw 43:55 soybean straw 43:55 Chemical treatment and characterization of soybean straw and soybean protein isolate/straw composite films. 27987956 7 20 theme composite 1103:1111 arg1 films 1113:1117 the composite films 1099:1117 the composite films 1099:1117 The low solubility and the reasonable water vapor permeability of the composite films make them suitable packaging materials for fresh fruit and vegetables. 27987956 1 21 theme soybean 184:190 arg1 straw 192:196 soybean straw 184:196 soybean straw (SS) treated with alkali (NaOH 5% and 17.5%) and bleached with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) 184:315 This work investigated changes in the chemical composition and structure of soybean straw (SS) treated with alkali (NaOH 5% and 17.5%) and bleached with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). 27987956 1 21 theme soybean 184:190 arg1 SS 199:200 SS 199:200 SS 199:200 This work investigated changes in the chemical composition and structure of soybean straw (SS) treated with alkali (NaOH 5% and 17.5%) and bleached with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). 27987956 3 22 theme effective 660:668 arg1 delignification 670:684 more effective delignification 655:684 more effective delignification 655:684 Treatment with NaOH 17.5% contributed to the allomorph transition from cellulose I to II regardless of the bleaching agent, but H2O2 as bleaching agent promoted more effective delignification. 27987956 5 23 from solubility 924:933 arg1 water 938:942 water 938:942 water 938:942 Films added with treated SS presented higher mechanical resistance, lower elongation at break, and lower solubility in water. 27987956 1 24 theme straw 192:196 arg1 composition 155:165 the chemical composition 142:165 the chemical composition 142:165 This work investigated changes in the chemical composition and structure of soybean straw (SS) treated with alkali (NaOH 5% and 17.5%) and bleached with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). 27987956 1 24 theme straw 192:196 arg1 structure 171:179 structure 171:179 structure 171:179 This work investigated changes in the chemical composition and structure of soybean straw (SS) treated with alkali (NaOH 5% and 17.5%) and bleached with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). 27987956 0 25 theme Chemical 0:7 arg1 treatment 9:17 Chemical treatment 0:17 Chemical treatment 0:17 Chemical treatment and characterization of soybean straw and soybean protein isolate/straw composite films. 27987956 7 26 theme vapor 1077:1081 arg1 permeability 1083:1094 the reasonable water vapor permeability 1056:1094 the reasonable water vapor permeability 1056:1094 The low solubility and the reasonable water vapor permeability of the composite films make them suitable packaging materials for fresh fruit and vegetables. 27987956 4 27 theme isolate 799:805 arg1 SPI 813:815 SPI 813:815 SPI 813:815 This work also evaluated the potential use of treated and non-treated SS as reinforcement filler in soy protein isolate film (SPI). 27987956 4 27 theme isolate 799:805 arg1 film 807:810 soy protein isolate film 787:810 soy protein isolate film (SPI) 787:816 This work also evaluated the potential use of treated and non-treated SS as reinforcement filler in soy protein isolate film (SPI). 27987956 2 28 theme crystallinity 380:392 arg1 content 402:408 the content 398:408 the content of cellulose fibers 398:428 Removal of the amorphous constituents increased the degree of crystallinity and the content of cellulose fibers particularly after reaction with high concentrations of alkali. 27987956 2 28 theme crystallinity 380:392 arg1 degree 370:375 the degree 366:375 the degree of crystallinity 366:392 Removal of the amorphous constituents increased the degree of crystallinity and the content of cellulose fibers particularly after reaction with high concentrations of alkali. 27987956 1 29 from changes 131:137 arg1 composition 155:165 the chemical composition 142:165 the chemical composition 142:165 This work investigated changes in the chemical composition and structure of soybean straw (SS) treated with alkali (NaOH 5% and 17.5%) and bleached with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). 27987956 1 29 from changes 131:137 arg1 structure 171:179 structure 171:179 structure 171:179 This work investigated changes in the chemical composition and structure of soybean straw (SS) treated with alkali (NaOH 5% and 17.5%) and bleached with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). 27987956 5 30 theme lower 887:891 arg1 elongation 893:902 lower elongation 887:902 lower elongation at break 887:911 Films added with treated SS presented higher mechanical resistance, lower elongation at break, and lower solubility in water. 27987956 4 31 theme reinforcement 763:775 arg1 filler 777:782 reinforcement filler 763:782 reinforcement filler 763:782 This work also evaluated the potential use of treated and non-treated SS as reinforcement filler in soy protein isolate film (SPI). 27987956 3 32 dep cellulose 565:573 arg1 to 577:578 to 577:578 to 577:578 Treatment with NaOH 17.5% contributed to the allomorph transition from cellulose I to II regardless of the bleaching agent, but H2O2 as bleaching agent promoted more effective delignification. 27987956 6 33 theme SPI 1009:1011 arg1 film 1013:1016 the SPI film 1005:1016 the SPI film 1005:1016 Addition of non-treated SS did not affect the properties of the SPI film significantly. 27987956 2 34 theme fibers 423:428 arg1 content 402:408 the content 398:408 the content of cellulose fibers 398:428 Removal of the amorphous constituents increased the degree of crystallinity and the content of cellulose fibers particularly after reaction with high concentrations of alkali. 27987956 2 34 theme fibers 423:428 arg1 degree 370:375 the degree 366:375 the degree of crystallinity 366:392 Removal of the amorphous constituents increased the degree of crystallinity and the content of cellulose fibers particularly after reaction with high concentrations of alkali. 27987956 3 35 theme bleaching 601:609 arg1 agent 611:615 the bleaching agent 597:615 the bleaching agent 597:615 Treatment with NaOH 17.5% contributed to the allomorph transition from cellulose I to II regardless of the bleaching agent, but H2O2 as bleaching agent promoted more effective delignification. 27987956 1 36 dep straw 192:196 arg1 bleached 247:254 bleached 247:254 bleached with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) 247:315 This work investigated changes in the chemical composition and structure of soybean straw (SS) treated with alkali (NaOH 5% and 17.5%) and bleached with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). 27987956 1 36 dep straw 192:196 arg1 treated 203:209 treated 203:209 treated with alkali (NaOH 5% and 17.5%) 203:241 This work investigated changes in the chemical composition and structure of soybean straw (SS) treated with alkali (NaOH 5% and 17.5%) and bleached with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). 27987956 2 37 theme cellulose 413:421 arg1 fibers 423:428 cellulose fibers 413:428 cellulose fibers 413:428 Removal of the amorphous constituents increased the degree of crystallinity and the content of cellulose fibers particularly after reaction with high concentrations of alkali. 27987956 1 38 theme hydrogen 261:268 arg1 peroxide 270:277 hydrogen peroxide 261:277 hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) 261:284 This work investigated changes in the chemical composition and structure of soybean straw (SS) treated with alkali (NaOH 5% and 17.5%) and bleached with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). 27987956 1 38 theme hydrogen 261:268 arg1 H2O2 280:283 H2O2 280:283 H2O2 280:283 This work investigated changes in the chemical composition and structure of soybean straw (SS) treated with alkali (NaOH 5% and 17.5%) and bleached with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). 27987956 3 39 with Treatment 494:502 arg1 % 518:518 NaOH 17.5% 509:518 NaOH 17.5% 509:518 Treatment with NaOH 17.5% contributed to the allomorph transition from cellulose I to II regardless of the bleaching agent, but H2O2 as bleaching agent promoted more effective delignification. 27987956 1 40 dep alkali 216:221 arg1 % 230:230 NaOH 5% 224:230 NaOH 5% 224:230 This work investigated changes in the chemical composition and structure of soybean straw (SS) treated with alkali (NaOH 5% and 17.5%) and bleached with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). 27987956 1 40 dep alkali 216:221 arg1 % 240:240 17.5% 236:240 17.5% 236:240 This work investigated changes in the chemical composition and structure of soybean straw (SS) treated with alkali (NaOH 5% and 17.5%) and bleached with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). 27987956 2 41 theme constituents 343:354 arg1 Removal 318:324 Removal 318:324 Removal of the amorphous constituents 318:354 Removal of the amorphous constituents increased the degree of crystallinity and the content of cellulose fibers particularly after reaction with high concentrations of alkali. 27987956 7 42 theme fresh 1162:1166 arg1 fruit 1168:1172 fresh fruit 1162:1172 fresh fruit 1162:1172 The low solubility and the reasonable water vapor permeability of the composite films make them suitable packaging materials for fresh fruit and vegetables. 27987956 0 43 theme straw 51:55 arg1 characterization 23:38 characterization 23:38 characterization 23:38 Chemical treatment and characterization of soybean straw and soybean protein isolate/straw composite films. 27987956 0 43 theme straw 51:55 arg1 treatment 9:17 Chemical treatment 0:17 Chemical treatment 0:17 Chemical treatment and characterization of soybean straw and soybean protein isolate/straw composite films. 27987956 4 44 theme soy 787:789 arg1 SPI 813:815 SPI 813:815 SPI 813:815 This work also evaluated the potential use of treated and non-treated SS as reinforcement filler in soy protein isolate film (SPI). 27987956 4 44 theme soy 787:789 arg1 film 807:810 soy protein isolate film 787:810 soy protein isolate film (SPI) 787:816 This work also evaluated the potential use of treated and non-treated SS as reinforcement filler in soy protein isolate film (SPI). 27987956 3 45 theme allomorph 539:547 arg1 transition 549:558 the allomorph transition 535:558 the allomorph transition from cellulose I to II 535:581 Treatment with NaOH 17.5% contributed to the allomorph transition from cellulose I to II regardless of the bleaching agent, but H2O2 as bleaching agent promoted more effective delignification. 27987956 7 46 theme reasonable 1060:1069 arg1 permeability 1083:1094 the reasonable water vapor permeability 1056:1094 the reasonable water vapor permeability 1056:1094 The low solubility and the reasonable water vapor permeability of the composite films make them suitable packaging materials for fresh fruit and vegetables. 27987956 5 47 theme lower 918:922 arg1 solubility 924:933 lower solubility 918:933 lower solubility in water 918:942 Films added with treated SS presented higher mechanical resistance, lower elongation at break, and lower solubility in water. 27987956 5 48 theme higher 857:862 arg1 resistance 875:884 higher mechanical resistance 857:884 higher mechanical resistance 857:884 Films added with treated SS presented higher mechanical resistance, lower elongation at break, and lower solubility in water. 27987956 5 49 from elongation 893:902 arg1 water 938:942 water 938:942 water 938:942 Films added with treated SS presented higher mechanical resistance, lower elongation at break, and lower solubility in water. 27987956 6 50 theme non-treated 957:967 arg1 SS 969:970 non-treated SS 957:970 non-treated SS 957:970 Addition of non-treated SS did not affect the properties of the SPI film significantly. 27987956 4 51 theme treated 733:739 arg1 SS 757:758 treated and non-treated SS 733:758 treated and non-treated SS 733:758 This work also evaluated the potential use of treated and non-treated SS as reinforcement filler in soy protein isolate film (SPI). 27987956 5 52 theme mechanical 864:873 arg1 resistance 875:884 higher mechanical resistance 857:884 higher mechanical resistance 857:884 Films added with treated SS presented higher mechanical resistance, lower elongation at break, and lower solubility in water. 27987956 5 53 from resistance 875:884 arg1 water 938:942 water 938:942 water 938:942 Films added with treated SS presented higher mechanical resistance, lower elongation at break, and lower solubility in water. 27987956 0 54 theme protein 69:75 arg1 characterization 23:38 characterization 23:38 characterization 23:38 Chemical treatment and characterization of soybean straw and soybean protein isolate/straw composite films. 27987956 0 54 theme protein 69:75 arg1 treatment 9:17 Chemical treatment 0:17 Chemical treatment 0:17 Chemical treatment and characterization of soybean straw and soybean protein isolate/straw composite films. 27987956 6 55 theme SS 969:970 arg1 Addition 945:952 Addition 945:952 Addition of non-treated SS 945:970 Addition of non-treated SS did not affect the properties of the SPI film significantly. 27987956 4 56 theme SS 757:758 arg1 use 726:728 the potential use 712:728 the potential use of treated and non-treated SS as reinforcement filler 712:782 This work also evaluated the potential use of treated and non-treated SS as reinforcement filler in soy protein isolate film (SPI). 27987956 1 57 theme chemical 146:153 arg1 composition 155:165 the chemical composition 142:165 the chemical composition 142:165 This work investigated changes in the chemical composition and structure of soybean straw (SS) treated with alkali (NaOH 5% and 17.5%) and bleached with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). 27987956 1 58 theme NaOH 224:227 arg1 % 230:230 NaOH 5% 224:230 NaOH 5% 224:230 This work investigated changes in the chemical composition and structure of soybean straw (SS) treated with alkali (NaOH 5% and 17.5%) and bleached with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). 27987956 0 59 theme soybean 61:67 arg1 protein 69:75 soybean protein 61:75 soybean protein 61:75 Chemical treatment and characterization of soybean straw and soybean protein isolate/straw composite films. 27987956 4 60 theme non-treated 745:755 arg1 SS 757:758 treated and non-treated SS 733:758 treated and non-treated SS 733:758 This work also evaluated the potential use of treated and non-treated SS as reinforcement filler in soy protein isolate film (SPI). 25547792 8 0 theme Typhimurium 1501:1511 arg1 strain 1517:1522 S. Typhimurium OAg strain 1498:1522 S. Typhimurium OAg strain 1498:1522 In addition, we found that bactericidal activity can be influenced by S. Typhimurium OAg strain, most likely as a result of differences in OAg O-acetylation and glucosylation. 25547792 8 1 theme differences 1552:1562 arg1 result 1542:1547 a result 1540:1547 a result of differences in OAg O-acetylation and glucosylation 1540:1601 In addition, we found that bactericidal activity can be influenced by S. Typhimurium OAg strain, most likely as a result of differences in OAg O-acetylation and glucosylation. 25547792 8 1 theme differences 1552:1562 arg1 activity 1468:1475 bactericidal activity 1455:1475 bactericidal activity 1455:1475 In addition, we found that bactericidal activity can be influenced by S. Typhimurium OAg strain, most likely as a result of differences in OAg O-acetylation and glucosylation. 25547792 6 2 theme selected 1104:1111 arg1 glycoconjugate 1128:1141 a selected S. Typhimurium glycoconjugate 1102:1141 a selected S. Typhimurium glycoconjugate 1102:1141 In vivo enhancement of bacterial clearance was assessed for a selected S. Typhimurium glycoconjugate by challenge with live Salmonella. 25547792 8 3 theme OAg 1567:1569 arg1 O-acetylation 1571:1583 OAg O-acetylation 1567:1583 OAg O-acetylation 1567:1583 In addition, we found that bactericidal activity can be influenced by S. Typhimurium OAg strain, most likely as a result of differences in OAg O-acetylation and glucosylation. 25547792 4 4 theme OAg 801:803 arg1 extraction 805:814 OAg extraction 801:814 OAg extraction 801:814 The OAg-CRM(197) conjugates varied in (i) OAg source, with three S. Typhimurium strains used for OAg extraction, producing OAg with differences in structural specificities, (ii) OAg chain length, and (iii) OAg/CRM(197) ratio. 25547792 7 5 theme medium-molecular-weight 1353:1375 arg1 populations 1377:1387 medium-molecular-weight populations 1353:1387 medium-molecular-weight populations 1353:1387 We found that the largest anti-OAg antibody responses were elicited by (i) vaccines synthesized from OAg with the highest glucosylation levels, (ii) OAg composed of mixed- or medium-molecular-weight populations, and (iii) a lower OAg/CRM(197) ratio. 25547792 10 6 theme vaccines 1850:1857 arg1 design 1815:1820 the design 1811:1820 the design of OAg-based glycoconjugate vaccines against invasive African S. Typhimurium 1811:1897 In conclusion, our findings indicate that differences in the design of OAg-based glycoconjugate vaccines against invasive African S. Typhimurium can have profound effects on immunogenicity and therefore optimal vaccine design requires careful consideration. 25547792 3 7 theme core 624:627 arg1 sugars 629:634 core sugars 624:634 core sugars 624:634 With the aim of designing an effective vaccine against S. Typhimurium, we have synthesized different glycoconjugates, by linking O-antigen and core sugars (OAg) of LPS to the nontoxic mutant of diphtheria toxin (CRM(197)). 25547792 1 8 theme disease 210:216 arg1 salmonellae 113:123 Nontyphoidal salmonellae 100:123 Nontyphoidal salmonellae 100:123 Nontyphoidal salmonellae, particularly Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, are a major cause of invasive disease in Africa, affecting mainly young children and HIV-infected individuals. 25547792 1 8 theme disease 210:216 arg1 cause 192:196 a major cause 184:196 a major cause of invasive disease 184:216 Nontyphoidal salmonellae, particularly Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, are a major cause of invasive disease in Africa, affecting mainly young children and HIV-infected individuals. 25547792 6 9 theme bacterial 1065:1073 arg1 clearance 1075:1083 bacterial clearance 1065:1083 bacterial clearance 1065:1083 In vivo enhancement of bacterial clearance was assessed for a selected S. Typhimurium glycoconjugate by challenge with live Salmonella. 25547792 10 10 theme OAg-based 1825:1833 arg1 vaccines 1850:1857 OAg-based glycoconjugate vaccines 1825:1857 OAg-based glycoconjugate vaccines against invasive African S. Typhimurium 1825:1897 In conclusion, our findings indicate that differences in the design of OAg-based glycoconjugate vaccines against invasive African S. Typhimurium can have profound effects on immunogenicity and therefore optimal vaccine design requires careful consideration. 25547792 4 11 theme OAg 882:884 arg1 length 892:897 (ii) OAg chain length 877:897 (ii) OAg chain length 877:897 The OAg-CRM(197) conjugates varied in (i) OAg source, with three S. Typhimurium strains used for OAg extraction, producing OAg with differences in structural specificities, (ii) OAg chain length, and (iii) OAg/CRM(197) ratio. 25547792 7 12 theme glucosylation 1300:1312 arg1 OAg 1327:1329 (ii) OAg 1322:1329 (ii) OAg composed of mixed- or medium-molecular-weight populations 1322:1387 We found that the largest anti-OAg antibody responses were elicited by (i) vaccines synthesized from OAg with the highest glucosylation levels, (ii) OAg composed of mixed- or medium-molecular-weight populations, and (iii) a lower OAg/CRM(197) ratio. 25547792 7 12 theme glucosylation 1300:1312 arg1 levels 1314:1319 the highest glucosylation levels 1288:1319 the highest glucosylation levels 1288:1319 We found that the largest anti-OAg antibody responses were elicited by (i) vaccines synthesized from OAg with the highest glucosylation levels, (ii) OAg composed of mixed- or medium-molecular-weight populations, and (iii) a lower OAg/CRM(197) ratio. 25547792 4 13 theme structural 851:860 arg1 specificities 862:874 structural specificities 851:874 structural specificities 851:874 The OAg-CRM(197) conjugates varied in (i) OAg source, with three S. Typhimurium strains used for OAg extraction, producing OAg with differences in structural specificities, (ii) OAg chain length, and (iii) OAg/CRM(197) ratio. 25547792 4 14 theme OAg-CRM 708:714 arg1 conjugates 721:730 The OAg-CRM(197) conjugates 704:730 The OAg-CRM(197) conjugates 704:730 The OAg-CRM(197) conjugates varied in (i) OAg source, with three S. Typhimurium strains used for OAg extraction, producing OAg with differences in structural specificities, (ii) OAg chain length, and (iii) OAg/CRM(197) ratio. 25547792 4 15 dep varied 732:737 arg1 producing 817:825 producing 817:825 producing OAg with differences in structural specificities, (ii) OAg chain length, and (iii) OAg/CRM(197) ratio 817:927 The OAg-CRM(197) conjugates varied in (i) OAg source, with three S. Typhimurium strains used for OAg extraction, producing OAg with differences in structural specificities, (ii) OAg chain length, and (iii) OAg/CRM(197) ratio. 25547792 10 16 theme profound 1908:1915 arg1 effects 1917:1923 profound effects 1908:1923 profound effects 1908:1923 In conclusion, our findings indicate that differences in the design of OAg-based glycoconjugate vaccines against invasive African S. Typhimurium can have profound effects on immunogenicity and therefore optimal vaccine design requires careful consideration. 25547792 4 17 with OAg 827:829 arg1 differences 836:846 differences 836:846 differences in structural specificities 836:874 The OAg-CRM(197) conjugates varied in (i) OAg source, with three S. Typhimurium strains used for OAg extraction, producing OAg with differences in structural specificities, (ii) OAg chain length, and (iii) OAg/CRM(197) ratio. 25547792 6 18 with challenge 1146:1154 arg1 Salmonella 1166:1175 live Salmonella 1161:1175 live Salmonella 1161:1175 In vivo enhancement of bacterial clearance was assessed for a selected S. Typhimurium glycoconjugate by challenge with live Salmonella. 25547792 4 19 from differences 836:846 arg1 specificities 862:874 structural specificities 851:874 structural specificities 851:874 The OAg-CRM(197) conjugates varied in (i) OAg source, with three S. Typhimurium strains used for OAg extraction, producing OAg with differences in structural specificities, (ii) OAg chain length, and (iii) OAg/CRM(197) ratio. 25547792 0 20 theme glycoconjugate 10:23 arg1 vaccines 25:32 glycoconjugate vaccines 10:32 glycoconjugate vaccines 10:32 Design of glycoconjugate vaccines against invasive African Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. 25547792 1 21 from cause 192:196 arg1 Africa 221:226 Africa 221:226 Africa 221:226 Nontyphoidal salmonellae, particularly Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, are a major cause of invasive disease in Africa, affecting mainly young children and HIV-infected individuals. 25547792 4 22 theme OAg/CRM 910:916 arg1 ratio 923:927 (iii) OAg/CRM(197) ratio 904:927 (iii) OAg/CRM(197) ratio 904:927 The OAg-CRM(197) conjugates varied in (i) OAg source, with three S. Typhimurium strains used for OAg extraction, producing OAg with differences in structural specificities, (ii) OAg chain length, and (iii) OAg/CRM(197) ratio. 25547792 1 23 theme major 186:190 arg1 salmonellae 113:123 Nontyphoidal salmonellae 100:123 Nontyphoidal salmonellae 100:123 Nontyphoidal salmonellae, particularly Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, are a major cause of invasive disease in Africa, affecting mainly young children and HIV-infected individuals. 25547792 1 23 theme major 186:190 arg1 cause 192:196 a major cause 184:196 a major cause of invasive disease 184:216 Nontyphoidal salmonellae, particularly Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, are a major cause of invasive disease in Africa, affecting mainly young children and HIV-infected individuals. 25547792 5 24 theme bactericidal 1011:1022 arg1 activity 1024:1031 serum bactericidal activity 1005:1031 serum bactericidal activity in mice 1005:1039 All glycoconjugates were compared for immunogenicity and ability to induce serum bactericidal activity in mice. 25547792 2 25 theme immune 463:468 arg1 responses 470:478 protective immune responses 452:478 protective immune responses 452:478 Glycoconjugate vaccines provide a safe and reliable strategy against invasive polysaccharide-encapsulated pathogens, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a target of protective immune responses. 25547792 4 26 theme OAg 746:748 arg1 source 750:755 (i) OAg source 742:755 (i) OAg source 742:755 The OAg-CRM(197) conjugates varied in (i) OAg source, with three S. Typhimurium strains used for OAg extraction, producing OAg with differences in structural specificities, (ii) OAg chain length, and (iii) OAg/CRM(197) ratio. 25547792 8 27 from differences 1552:1562 arg1 O-acetylation 1571:1583 OAg O-acetylation 1567:1583 OAg O-acetylation 1567:1583 In addition, we found that bactericidal activity can be influenced by S. Typhimurium OAg strain, most likely as a result of differences in OAg O-acetylation and glucosylation. 25547792 8 27 from differences 1552:1562 arg1 glucosylation 1589:1601 glucosylation 1589:1601 glucosylation 1589:1601 In addition, we found that bactericidal activity can be influenced by S. Typhimurium OAg strain, most likely as a result of differences in OAg O-acetylation and glucosylation. 25547792 8 28 from result 1542:1547 arg1 O-acetylation 1571:1583 OAg O-acetylation 1567:1583 OAg O-acetylation 1567:1583 In addition, we found that bactericidal activity can be influenced by S. Typhimurium OAg strain, most likely as a result of differences in OAg O-acetylation and glucosylation. 25547792 8 28 from result 1542:1547 arg1 glucosylation 1589:1601 glucosylation 1589:1601 glucosylation 1589:1601 In addition, we found that bactericidal activity can be influenced by S. Typhimurium OAg strain, most likely as a result of differences in OAg O-acetylation and glucosylation. 25547792 2 29 theme responses 470:478 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 412:429 lipopolysaccharide 412:429 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 412:435 Glycoconjugate vaccines provide a safe and reliable strategy against invasive polysaccharide-encapsulated pathogens, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a target of protective immune responses. 25547792 2 29 theme responses 470:478 arg1 target 442:447 a target 440:447 a target of protective immune responses 440:478 Glycoconjugate vaccines provide a safe and reliable strategy against invasive polysaccharide-encapsulated pathogens, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a target of protective immune responses. 25547792 5 30 from activity 1024:1031 arg1 mice 1036:1039 mice 1036:1039 mice 1036:1039 All glycoconjugates were compared for immunogenicity and ability to induce serum bactericidal activity in mice. 25547792 9 31 theme S. 1701:1702 arg1 colonization 1716:1727 S. Typhimurium colonization 1701:1727 S. Typhimurium colonization of the spleen and liver 1701:1751 Finally, we confirmed that mice immunized with the selected OAg-conjugate were protected against S. Typhimurium colonization of the spleen and liver. 25547792 3 32 theme diphtheria 675:684 arg1 CRM 693:695 CRM(197) 693:700 CRM(197) 693:700 With the aim of designing an effective vaccine against S. Typhimurium, we have synthesized different glycoconjugates, by linking O-antigen and core sugars (OAg) of LPS to the nontoxic mutant of diphtheria toxin (CRM(197)). 25547792 3 32 theme diphtheria 675:684 arg1 toxin 686:690 diphtheria toxin 675:690 diphtheria toxin (CRM(197)) 675:701 With the aim of designing an effective vaccine against S. Typhimurium, we have synthesized different glycoconjugates, by linking O-antigen and core sugars (OAg) of LPS to the nontoxic mutant of diphtheria toxin (CRM(197)). 25547792 4 33 theme Typhimurium 772:782 arg1 strains 784:790 three S. Typhimurium strains 763:790 three S. Typhimurium strains used for OAg extraction 763:814 The OAg-CRM(197) conjugates varied in (i) OAg source, with three S. Typhimurium strains used for OAg extraction, producing OAg with differences in structural specificities, (ii) OAg chain length, and (iii) OAg/CRM(197) ratio. 25547792 2 34 theme protective 452:461 arg1 responses 470:478 protective immune responses 452:478 protective immune responses 452:478 Glycoconjugate vaccines provide a safe and reliable strategy against invasive polysaccharide-encapsulated pathogens, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a target of protective immune responses. 25547792 7 35 theme OAg/CRM 1408:1414 arg1 ratio 1421:1425 a lower OAg/CRM(197) ratio 1400:1425 a lower OAg/CRM(197) ratio 1400:1425 We found that the largest anti-OAg antibody responses were elicited by (i) vaccines synthesized from OAg with the highest glucosylation levels, (ii) OAg composed of mixed- or medium-molecular-weight populations, and (iii) a lower OAg/CRM(197) ratio. 25547792 7 36 theme antibody 1213:1220 arg1 responses 1222:1230 the largest anti-OAg antibody responses 1192:1230 the largest anti-OAg antibody responses 1192:1230 We found that the largest anti-OAg antibody responses were elicited by (i) vaccines synthesized from OAg with the highest glucosylation levels, (ii) OAg composed of mixed- or medium-molecular-weight populations, and (iii) a lower OAg/CRM(197) ratio. 25547792 8 37 theme bactericidal 1455:1466 arg1 result 1542:1547 a result 1540:1547 a result of differences in OAg O-acetylation and glucosylation 1540:1601 In addition, we found that bactericidal activity can be influenced by S. Typhimurium OAg strain, most likely as a result of differences in OAg O-acetylation and glucosylation. 25547792 8 37 theme bactericidal 1455:1466 arg1 activity 1468:1475 bactericidal activity 1455:1475 bactericidal activity 1455:1475 In addition, we found that bactericidal activity can be influenced by S. Typhimurium OAg strain, most likely as a result of differences in OAg O-acetylation and glucosylation. 25547792 6 38 dep In 1042:1043 arg1 vivo 1045:1048 vivo 1045:1048 vivo 1045:1048 In vivo enhancement of bacterial clearance was assessed for a selected S. Typhimurium glycoconjugate by challenge with live Salmonella. 25547792 8 39 from O-acetylation 1571:1583 arg1 result 1542:1547 a result 1540:1547 a result of differences in OAg O-acetylation and glucosylation 1540:1601 In addition, we found that bactericidal activity can be influenced by S. Typhimurium OAg strain, most likely as a result of differences in OAg O-acetylation and glucosylation. 25547792 8 39 from O-acetylation 1571:1583 arg1 activity 1468:1475 bactericidal activity 1455:1475 bactericidal activity 1455:1475 In addition, we found that bactericidal activity can be influenced by S. Typhimurium OAg strain, most likely as a result of differences in OAg O-acetylation and glucosylation. 25547792 2 40 theme polysaccharide-encapsulated 369:395 arg1 pathogens 397:405 invasive polysaccharide-encapsulated pathogens 360:405 invasive polysaccharide-encapsulated pathogens 360:405 Glycoconjugate vaccines provide a safe and reliable strategy against invasive polysaccharide-encapsulated pathogens, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a target of protective immune responses. 25547792 7 41 theme largest 1196:1202 arg1 responses 1222:1230 the largest anti-OAg antibody responses 1192:1230 the largest anti-OAg antibody responses 1192:1230 We found that the largest anti-OAg antibody responses were elicited by (i) vaccines synthesized from OAg with the highest glucosylation levels, (ii) OAg composed of mixed- or medium-molecular-weight populations, and (iii) a lower OAg/CRM(197) ratio. 25547792 10 42 theme optimal 1957:1963 arg1 design 1973:1978 therefore optimal vaccine design 1947:1978 therefore optimal vaccine design 1947:1978 In conclusion, our findings indicate that differences in the design of OAg-based glycoconjugate vaccines against invasive African S. Typhimurium can have profound effects on immunogenicity and therefore optimal vaccine design requires careful consideration. 25547792 4 43 with length 892:897 arg1 differences 836:846 differences 836:846 differences in structural specificities 836:874 The OAg-CRM(197) conjugates varied in (i) OAg source, with three S. Typhimurium strains used for OAg extraction, producing OAg with differences in structural specificities, (ii) OAg chain length, and (iii) OAg/CRM(197) ratio. 25547792 4 44 dep ratio 923:927 arg1 iii 905:907 iii 905:907 iii 905:907 The OAg-CRM(197) conjugates varied in (i) OAg source, with three S. Typhimurium strains used for OAg extraction, producing OAg with differences in structural specificities, (ii) OAg chain length, and (iii) OAg/CRM(197) ratio. 25547792 1 45 theme HIV-infected 265:276 arg1 individuals 278:288 HIV-infected individuals 265:288 HIV-infected individuals 265:288 Nontyphoidal salmonellae, particularly Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, are a major cause of invasive disease in Africa, affecting mainly young children and HIV-infected individuals. 25547792 10 46 theme careful 1989:1995 arg1 consideration 1997:2009 careful consideration 1989:2009 careful consideration 1989:2009 In conclusion, our findings indicate that differences in the design of OAg-based glycoconjugate vaccines against invasive African S. Typhimurium can have profound effects on immunogenicity and therefore optimal vaccine design requires careful consideration. 25547792 8 47 theme S. 1498:1499 arg1 strain 1517:1522 S. Typhimurium OAg strain 1498:1522 S. Typhimurium OAg strain 1498:1522 In addition, we found that bactericidal activity can be influenced by S. Typhimurium OAg strain, most likely as a result of differences in OAg O-acetylation and glucosylation. 25547792 2 48 theme safe 325:328 arg1 strategy 343:350 a safe and reliable strategy 323:350 a safe and reliable strategy against invasive polysaccharide-encapsulated pathogens 323:405 Glycoconjugate vaccines provide a safe and reliable strategy against invasive polysaccharide-encapsulated pathogens, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a target of protective immune responses. 25547792 8 49 theme OAg 1513:1515 arg1 strain 1517:1522 S. Typhimurium OAg strain 1498:1522 S. Typhimurium OAg strain 1498:1522 In addition, we found that bactericidal activity can be influenced by S. Typhimurium OAg strain, most likely as a result of differences in OAg O-acetylation and glucosylation. 25547792 3 50 theme different 572:580 arg1 glycoconjugates 582:596 different glycoconjugates 572:596 different glycoconjugates 572:596 With the aim of designing an effective vaccine against S. Typhimurium, we have synthesized different glycoconjugates, by linking O-antigen and core sugars (OAg) of LPS to the nontoxic mutant of diphtheria toxin (CRM(197)). 25547792 4 51 with ratio 923:927 arg1 differences 836:846 differences 836:846 differences in structural specificities 836:874 The OAg-CRM(197) conjugates varied in (i) OAg source, with three S. Typhimurium strains used for OAg extraction, producing OAg with differences in structural specificities, (ii) OAg chain length, and (iii) OAg/CRM(197) ratio. 25547792 9 52 dep S. 1701:1702 arg1 Typhimurium 1704:1714 Typhimurium 1704:1714 Typhimurium 1704:1714 Finally, we confirmed that mice immunized with the selected OAg-conjugate were protected against S. Typhimurium colonization of the spleen and liver. 25547792 1 53 theme invasive 201:208 arg1 disease 210:216 invasive disease 201:216 invasive disease 201:216 Nontyphoidal salmonellae, particularly Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, are a major cause of invasive disease in Africa, affecting mainly young children and HIV-infected individuals. 25547792 6 54 theme clearance 1075:1083 arg1 enhancement 1050:1060 In vivo enhancement 1042:1060 In vivo enhancement of bacterial clearance 1042:1083 In vivo enhancement of bacterial clearance was assessed for a selected S. Typhimurium glycoconjugate by challenge with live Salmonella. 25547792 10 55 theme glycoconjugate 1835:1848 arg1 vaccines 1850:1857 OAg-based glycoconjugate vaccines 1825:1857 OAg-based glycoconjugate vaccines against invasive African S. Typhimurium 1825:1897 In conclusion, our findings indicate that differences in the design of OAg-based glycoconjugate vaccines against invasive African S. Typhimurium can have profound effects on immunogenicity and therefore optimal vaccine design requires careful consideration. 25547792 2 56 theme reliable 334:341 arg1 strategy 343:350 a safe and reliable strategy 323:350 a safe and reliable strategy against invasive polysaccharide-encapsulated pathogens 323:405 Glycoconjugate vaccines provide a safe and reliable strategy against invasive polysaccharide-encapsulated pathogens, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a target of protective immune responses. 25547792 7 57 dep synthesized 1262:1272 arg1 i 1250:1250 i 1250:1250 i 1250:1250 We found that the largest anti-OAg antibody responses were elicited by (i) vaccines synthesized from OAg with the highest glucosylation levels, (ii) OAg composed of mixed- or medium-molecular-weight populations, and (iii) a lower OAg/CRM(197) ratio. 25547792 7 57 dep synthesized 1262:1272 arg1 ratio 1421:1425 a lower OAg/CRM(197) ratio 1400:1425 a lower OAg/CRM(197) ratio 1400:1425 We found that the largest anti-OAg antibody responses were elicited by (i) vaccines synthesized from OAg with the highest glucosylation levels, (ii) OAg composed of mixed- or medium-molecular-weight populations, and (iii) a lower OAg/CRM(197) ratio. 25547792 4 58 dep length 892:897 arg1 ii 878:879 ii 878:879 ii 878:879 The OAg-CRM(197) conjugates varied in (i) OAg source, with three S. Typhimurium strains used for OAg extraction, producing OAg with differences in structural specificities, (ii) OAg chain length, and (iii) OAg/CRM(197) ratio. 25547792 10 59 from differences 1796:1806 arg1 design 1815:1820 the design 1811:1820 the design of OAg-based glycoconjugate vaccines against invasive African S. Typhimurium 1811:1897 In conclusion, our findings indicate that differences in the design of OAg-based glycoconjugate vaccines against invasive African S. Typhimurium can have profound effects on immunogenicity and therefore optimal vaccine design requires careful consideration. 25547792 5 60 theme serum 1005:1009 arg1 activity 1024:1031 serum bactericidal activity 1005:1031 serum bactericidal activity in mice 1005:1039 All glycoconjugates were compared for immunogenicity and ability to induce serum bactericidal activity in mice. 25547792 7 61 dep OAg 1327:1329 arg1 ii 1323:1324 ii 1323:1324 ii 1323:1324 We found that the largest anti-OAg antibody responses were elicited by (i) vaccines synthesized from OAg with the highest glucosylation levels, (ii) OAg composed of mixed- or medium-molecular-weight populations, and (iii) a lower OAg/CRM(197) ratio. 25547792 7 62 theme highest 1292:1298 arg1 OAg 1327:1329 (ii) OAg 1322:1329 (ii) OAg composed of mixed- or medium-molecular-weight populations 1322:1387 We found that the largest anti-OAg antibody responses were elicited by (i) vaccines synthesized from OAg with the highest glucosylation levels, (ii) OAg composed of mixed- or medium-molecular-weight populations, and (iii) a lower OAg/CRM(197) ratio. 25547792 7 62 theme highest 1292:1298 arg1 levels 1314:1319 the highest glucosylation levels 1288:1319 the highest glucosylation levels 1288:1319 We found that the largest anti-OAg antibody responses were elicited by (i) vaccines synthesized from OAg with the highest glucosylation levels, (ii) OAg composed of mixed- or medium-molecular-weight populations, and (iii) a lower OAg/CRM(197) ratio. 25547792 6 63 dep S. 1113:1114 arg1 Typhimurium 1116:1126 Typhimurium 1116:1126 Typhimurium 1116:1126 In vivo enhancement of bacterial clearance was assessed for a selected S. Typhimurium glycoconjugate by challenge with live Salmonella. 25547792 2 64 theme Glycoconjugate 291:304 arg1 vaccines 306:313 Glycoconjugate vaccines 291:313 Glycoconjugate vaccines 291:313 Glycoconjugate vaccines provide a safe and reliable strategy against invasive polysaccharide-encapsulated pathogens, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a target of protective immune responses. 25547792 9 65 theme spleen 1736:1741 arg1 colonization 1716:1727 S. Typhimurium colonization 1701:1727 S. Typhimurium colonization of the spleen and liver 1701:1751 Finally, we confirmed that mice immunized with the selected OAg-conjugate were protected against S. Typhimurium colonization of the spleen and liver. 25547792 6 66 theme S. 1113:1114 arg1 glycoconjugate 1128:1141 a selected S. Typhimurium glycoconjugate 1102:1141 a selected S. Typhimurium glycoconjugate 1102:1141 In vivo enhancement of bacterial clearance was assessed for a selected S. Typhimurium glycoconjugate by challenge with live Salmonella. 25547792 7 67 with OAg 1279:1281 arg1 OAg 1327:1329 (ii) OAg 1322:1329 (ii) OAg composed of mixed- or medium-molecular-weight populations 1322:1387 We found that the largest anti-OAg antibody responses were elicited by (i) vaccines synthesized from OAg with the highest glucosylation levels, (ii) OAg composed of mixed- or medium-molecular-weight populations, and (iii) a lower OAg/CRM(197) ratio. 25547792 7 67 with OAg 1279:1281 arg1 levels 1314:1319 the highest glucosylation levels 1288:1319 the highest glucosylation levels 1288:1319 We found that the largest anti-OAg antibody responses were elicited by (i) vaccines synthesized from OAg with the highest glucosylation levels, (ii) OAg composed of mixed- or medium-molecular-weight populations, and (iii) a lower OAg/CRM(197) ratio. 25547792 3 68 theme LPS 645:647 arg1 OAg 637:639 OAg 637:639 OAg 637:639 With the aim of designing an effective vaccine against S. Typhimurium, we have synthesized different glycoconjugates, by linking O-antigen and core sugars (OAg) of LPS to the nontoxic mutant of diphtheria toxin (CRM(197)). 25547792 3 68 theme LPS 645:647 arg1 O-antigen 610:618 O-antigen 610:618 O-antigen 610:618 With the aim of designing an effective vaccine against S. Typhimurium, we have synthesized different glycoconjugates, by linking O-antigen and core sugars (OAg) of LPS to the nontoxic mutant of diphtheria toxin (CRM(197)). 25547792 3 68 theme LPS 645:647 arg1 sugars 629:634 core sugars 624:634 core sugars 624:634 With the aim of designing an effective vaccine against S. Typhimurium, we have synthesized different glycoconjugates, by linking O-antigen and core sugars (OAg) of LPS to the nontoxic mutant of diphtheria toxin (CRM(197)). 25547792 1 69 dep salmonellae 113:123 arg1 Typhimurium 167:177 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium 139:177 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium 139:177 Nontyphoidal salmonellae, particularly Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, are a major cause of invasive disease in Africa, affecting mainly young children and HIV-infected individuals. 25547792 4 70 theme chain 886:890 arg1 length 892:897 (ii) OAg chain length 877:897 (ii) OAg chain length 877:897 The OAg-CRM(197) conjugates varied in (i) OAg source, with three S. Typhimurium strains used for OAg extraction, producing OAg with differences in structural specificities, (ii) OAg chain length, and (iii) OAg/CRM(197) ratio. 25547792 10 71 contain have 1903:1906 arg2 effects 1917:1923 profound effects 1908:1923 profound effects 1908:1923 In conclusion, our findings indicate that differences in the design of OAg-based glycoconjugate vaccines against invasive African S. Typhimurium can have profound effects on immunogenicity and therefore optimal vaccine design requires careful consideration. 25547792 10 71 contain have 1903:1906 arg1 differences 1796:1806 differences 1796:1806 differences in the design of OAg-based glycoconjugate vaccines against invasive African S. Typhimurium 1796:1897 In conclusion, our findings indicate that differences in the design of OAg-based glycoconjugate vaccines against invasive African S. Typhimurium can have profound effects on immunogenicity and therefore optimal vaccine design requires careful consideration. 25547792 9 72 theme selected 1655:1662 arg1 OAg-conjugate 1664:1676 the selected OAg-conjugate 1651:1676 the selected OAg-conjugate 1651:1676 Finally, we confirmed that mice immunized with the selected OAg-conjugate were protected against S. Typhimurium colonization of the spleen and liver. 25547792 1 73 theme Nontyphoidal 100:111 arg1 salmonellae 113:123 Nontyphoidal salmonellae 100:123 Nontyphoidal salmonellae 100:123 Nontyphoidal salmonellae, particularly Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, are a major cause of invasive disease in Africa, affecting mainly young children and HIV-infected individuals. 25547792 1 73 theme Nontyphoidal 100:111 arg1 cause 192:196 a major cause 184:196 a major cause of invasive disease 184:216 Nontyphoidal salmonellae, particularly Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, are a major cause of invasive disease in Africa, affecting mainly young children and HIV-infected individuals. 25547792 0 74 theme vaccines 25:32 arg1 Design 0:5 Design 0:5 Design of glycoconjugate vaccines against invasive African Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. 0:98 Design of glycoconjugate vaccines against invasive African Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. 25547792 3 75 theme effective 510:518 arg1 vaccine 520:526 an effective vaccine 507:526 an effective vaccine against S. Typhimurium 507:549 With the aim of designing an effective vaccine against S. Typhimurium, we have synthesized different glycoconjugates, by linking O-antigen and core sugars (OAg) of LPS to the nontoxic mutant of diphtheria toxin (CRM(197)). 25547792 3 76 theme nontoxic 656:663 arg1 mutant 665:670 the nontoxic mutant 652:670 the nontoxic mutant of diphtheria toxin (CRM(197)) 652:701 With the aim of designing an effective vaccine against S. Typhimurium, we have synthesized different glycoconjugates, by linking O-antigen and core sugars (OAg) of LPS to the nontoxic mutant of diphtheria toxin (CRM(197)). 25547792 4 77 theme S. 769:770 arg1 strains 784:790 three S. Typhimurium strains 763:790 three S. Typhimurium strains used for OAg extraction 763:814 The OAg-CRM(197) conjugates varied in (i) OAg source, with three S. Typhimurium strains used for OAg extraction, producing OAg with differences in structural specificities, (ii) OAg chain length, and (iii) OAg/CRM(197) ratio. 25547792 7 78 theme anti-OAg 1204:1211 arg1 responses 1222:1230 the largest anti-OAg antibody responses 1192:1230 the largest anti-OAg antibody responses 1192:1230 We found that the largest anti-OAg antibody responses were elicited by (i) vaccines synthesized from OAg with the highest glucosylation levels, (ii) OAg composed of mixed- or medium-molecular-weight populations, and (iii) a lower OAg/CRM(197) ratio. 25547792 6 79 theme In 1042:1043 arg1 enhancement 1050:1060 In vivo enhancement 1042:1060 In vivo enhancement of bacterial clearance 1042:1083 In vivo enhancement of bacterial clearance was assessed for a selected S. Typhimurium glycoconjugate by challenge with live Salmonella. 25547792 10 80 theme vaccine 1965:1971 arg1 design 1973:1978 therefore optimal vaccine design 1947:1978 therefore optimal vaccine design 1947:1978 In conclusion, our findings indicate that differences in the design of OAg-based glycoconjugate vaccines against invasive African S. Typhimurium can have profound effects on immunogenicity and therefore optimal vaccine design requires careful consideration. 25547792 3 81 theme toxin 686:690 arg1 mutant 665:670 the nontoxic mutant 652:670 the nontoxic mutant of diphtheria toxin (CRM(197)) 652:701 With the aim of designing an effective vaccine against S. Typhimurium, we have synthesized different glycoconjugates, by linking O-antigen and core sugars (OAg) of LPS to the nontoxic mutant of diphtheria toxin (CRM(197)). 25547792 2 82 theme invasive 360:367 arg1 pathogens 397:405 invasive polysaccharide-encapsulated pathogens 360:405 invasive polysaccharide-encapsulated pathogens 360:405 Glycoconjugate vaccines provide a safe and reliable strategy against invasive polysaccharide-encapsulated pathogens, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a target of protective immune responses. 25547792 1 83 theme young 246:250 arg1 children 252:259 young children 246:259 young children 246:259 Nontyphoidal salmonellae, particularly Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, are a major cause of invasive disease in Africa, affecting mainly young children and HIV-infected individuals. 25547792 7 84 theme lower 1402:1406 arg1 OAg/CRM 1408:1414 a lower OAg/CRM 1400:1414 a lower OAg/CRM(197) ratio 1400:1425 We found that the largest anti-OAg antibody responses were elicited by (i) vaccines synthesized from OAg with the highest glucosylation levels, (ii) OAg composed of mixed- or medium-molecular-weight populations, and (iii) a lower OAg/CRM(197) ratio. 25547792 7 84 theme lower 1402:1406 arg1 197 1416:1418 197 1416:1418 197 1416:1418 We found that the largest anti-OAg antibody responses were elicited by (i) vaccines synthesized from OAg with the highest glucosylation levels, (ii) OAg composed of mixed- or medium-molecular-weight populations, and (iii) a lower OAg/CRM(197) ratio. 25547792 9 85 theme liver 1747:1751 arg1 colonization 1716:1727 S. Typhimurium colonization 1701:1727 S. Typhimurium colonization of the spleen and liver 1701:1751 Finally, we confirmed that mice immunized with the selected OAg-conjugate were protected against S. Typhimurium colonization of the spleen and liver. 25547792 8 86 from glucosylation 1589:1601 arg1 result 1542:1547 a result 1540:1547 a result of differences in OAg O-acetylation and glucosylation 1540:1601 In addition, we found that bactericidal activity can be influenced by S. Typhimurium OAg strain, most likely as a result of differences in OAg O-acetylation and glucosylation. 25547792 8 86 from glucosylation 1589:1601 arg1 activity 1468:1475 bactericidal activity 1455:1475 bactericidal activity 1455:1475 In addition, we found that bactericidal activity can be influenced by S. Typhimurium OAg strain, most likely as a result of differences in OAg O-acetylation and glucosylation. 27516335 5 0 theme CNCs 631:634 arg1 incorporation 614:626 The incorporation 610:626 The incorporation of CNCs 610:634 The incorporation of CNCs leads to increase in the scaffold density and decrease in the water swelling ratio. 27516335 8 1 theme bone 1135:1138 arg1 engineering 1147:1157 bone tissue engineering 1135:1157 bone tissue engineering 1135:1157 The biocompatible composite scaffolds with enhanced mechanical properties have potential application in bone tissue engineering. 27516335 2 2 theme CS 366:367 arg1 scaffold 369:376 pure CS scaffold 361:376 pure CS scaffold 361:376 The CS/CNCs composite scaffolds prepared utilizing a dispersion-based freeze dry approach exhibit significant enhancement in compressive strength and modulus compared with pure CS scaffold both in dry and wet state. 27516335 2 3 from enhancement 299:309 arg1 modulus 339:345 modulus 339:345 modulus 339:345 The CS/CNCs composite scaffolds prepared utilizing a dispersion-based freeze dry approach exhibit significant enhancement in compressive strength and modulus compared with pure CS scaffold both in dry and wet state. 27516335 2 3 from enhancement 299:309 arg1 strength 326:333 compressive strength 314:333 compressive strength 314:333 The CS/CNCs composite scaffolds prepared utilizing a dispersion-based freeze dry approach exhibit significant enhancement in compressive strength and modulus compared with pure CS scaffold both in dry and wet state. 27516335 4 4 theme CNCs 565:568 arg1 structure 552:560 The crystal structure 540:560 The crystal structure of CNCs 540:568 The crystal structure of CNCs is retained in the composite scaffolds. 27516335 6 5 theme MC3T3-E1 796:803 arg1 cells 816:820 MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells 796:820 MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells 796:820 Moreover, the composite scaffolds are successfully applied as scaffolds for MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells, showing their excellent biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity. 27516335 2 6 theme pure 361:364 arg1 scaffold 369:376 pure CS scaffold 361:376 pure CS scaffold 361:376 The CS/CNCs composite scaffolds prepared utilizing a dispersion-based freeze dry approach exhibit significant enhancement in compressive strength and modulus compared with pure CS scaffold both in dry and wet state. 27516335 5 7 theme water 698:702 arg1 ratio 713:717 the water swelling ratio 694:717 the water swelling ratio 694:717 The incorporation of CNCs leads to increase in the scaffold density and decrease in the water swelling ratio. 27516335 8 8 theme biocompatible 1035:1047 arg1 scaffolds 1059:1067 The biocompatible composite scaffolds 1031:1067 The biocompatible composite scaffolds with enhanced mechanical properties 1031:1103 The biocompatible composite scaffolds with enhanced mechanical properties have potential application in bone tissue engineering. 27516335 2 9 theme significant 287:297 arg1 enhancement 299:309 significant enhancement 287:309 significant enhancement in compressive strength and modulus 287:345 The CS/CNCs composite scaffolds prepared utilizing a dispersion-based freeze dry approach exhibit significant enhancement in compressive strength and modulus compared with pure CS scaffold both in dry and wet state. 27516335 3 10 dep % 491:491 arg1 80 489:490 80 489:490 80 489:490 A well-interconnected porous structure with size in the range of 100-200μm and over 80% porosity are found in the composite scaffolds. 27516335 6 11 theme composite 734:742 arg1 scaffolds 782:790 scaffolds 782:790 scaffolds for MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells 782:820 Moreover, the composite scaffolds are successfully applied as scaffolds for MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells, showing their excellent biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity. 27516335 6 11 theme composite 734:742 arg1 scaffolds 744:752 the composite scaffolds 730:752 the composite scaffolds 730:752 Moreover, the composite scaffolds are successfully applied as scaffolds for MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells, showing their excellent biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity. 27516335 5 12 from decrease 682:689 arg1 ratio 713:717 the water swelling ratio 694:717 the water swelling ratio 694:717 The incorporation of CNCs leads to increase in the scaffold density and decrease in the water swelling ratio. 27516335 5 12 from decrease 682:689 arg1 density 670:676 the scaffold density 657:676 the scaffold density 657:676 The incorporation of CNCs leads to increase in the scaffold density and decrease in the water swelling ratio. 27516335 3 13 theme porous 427:432 arg1 structure 434:442 A well-interconnected porous structure 405:442 A well-interconnected porous structure with size in the range of 100-200μm and over 80% porosity 405:500 A well-interconnected porous structure with size in the range of 100-200μm and over 80% porosity are found in the composite scaffolds. 27516335 2 14 theme wet 394:396 arg1 state 398:402 dry and wet state 386:402 dry and wet state 386:402 The CS/CNCs composite scaffolds prepared utilizing a dispersion-based freeze dry approach exhibit significant enhancement in compressive strength and modulus compared with pure CS scaffold both in dry and wet state. 27516335 7 15 theme osteoblast 1013:1022 arg1 proliferation 992:1004 proliferation 992:1004 proliferation 992:1004 The results of fluorescent micrographs images reveal that CNCs can markedly promote the cell adhesion and proliferation of the osteoblast on CS. 27516335 7 15 theme osteoblast 1013:1022 arg1 adhesion 979:986 cell adhesion 974:986 cell adhesion 974:986 The results of fluorescent micrographs images reveal that CNCs can markedly promote the cell adhesion and proliferation of the osteoblast on CS. 27516335 8 16 theme composite 1049:1057 arg1 scaffolds 1059:1067 The biocompatible composite scaffolds 1031:1067 The biocompatible composite scaffolds with enhanced mechanical properties 1031:1103 The biocompatible composite scaffolds with enhanced mechanical properties have potential application in bone tissue engineering. 27516335 2 17 theme dry 266:268 arg1 approach 270:277 a dispersion-based freeze dry approach 240:277 a dispersion-based freeze dry approach 240:277 The CS/CNCs composite scaffolds prepared utilizing a dispersion-based freeze dry approach exhibit significant enhancement in compressive strength and modulus compared with pure CS scaffold both in dry and wet state. 27516335 1 18 theme chitosan 165:172 arg1 solution 179:186 chitosan (CS) solution 165:186 chitosan (CS) solution 165:186 Chitin nanocrystals (CNCs) with length and width of 300 and 20nm were uniformly dispersed in chitosan (CS) solution. 27516335 0 19 theme nanocrystal 16:26 arg1 composite 28:36 Chitosan-chitin nanocrystal composite 0:36 Chitosan-chitin nanocrystal composite 0:36 Chitosan-chitin nanocrystal composite scaffolds for tissue engineering. 27516335 6 20 theme low 868:870 arg1 cytotoxicity 872:883 low cytotoxicity 868:883 low cytotoxicity 868:883 Moreover, the composite scaffolds are successfully applied as scaffolds for MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells, showing their excellent biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity. 27516335 8 21 theme enhanced 1074:1081 arg1 properties 1094:1103 enhanced mechanical properties 1074:1103 enhanced mechanical properties 1074:1103 The biocompatible composite scaffolds with enhanced mechanical properties have potential application in bone tissue engineering. 27516335 1 22 theme Chitin 72:77 arg1 CNCs 93:96 CNCs 93:96 CNCs 93:96 Chitin nanocrystals (CNCs) with length and width of 300 and 20nm were uniformly dispersed in chitosan (CS) solution. 27516335 1 22 theme Chitin 72:77 arg1 nanocrystals 79:90 Chitin nanocrystals 72:90 Chitin nanocrystals (CNCs) with length and width of 300 and 20nm 72:135 Chitin nanocrystals (CNCs) with length and width of 300 and 20nm were uniformly dispersed in chitosan (CS) solution. 27516335 2 23 theme dry 386:388 arg1 state 398:402 dry and wet state 386:402 dry and wet state 386:402 The CS/CNCs composite scaffolds prepared utilizing a dispersion-based freeze dry approach exhibit significant enhancement in compressive strength and modulus compared with pure CS scaffold both in dry and wet state. 27516335 0 24 theme Chitosan-chitin 0:14 arg1 composite 28:36 Chitosan-chitin nanocrystal composite 0:36 Chitosan-chitin nanocrystal composite 0:36 Chitosan-chitin nanocrystal composite scaffolds for tissue engineering. 27516335 2 25 theme compressive 314:324 arg1 strength 326:333 compressive strength 314:333 compressive strength 314:333 The CS/CNCs composite scaffolds prepared utilizing a dispersion-based freeze dry approach exhibit significant enhancement in compressive strength and modulus compared with pure CS scaffold both in dry and wet state. 27516335 7 26 from proliferation 992:1004 arg1 CS 1027:1028 CS 1027:1028 CS 1027:1028 The results of fluorescent micrographs images reveal that CNCs can markedly promote the cell adhesion and proliferation of the osteoblast on CS. 27516335 7 27 dep adhesion 979:986 arg1 the 970:972 the 970:972 the 970:972 The results of fluorescent micrographs images reveal that CNCs can markedly promote the cell adhesion and proliferation of the osteoblast on CS. 27516335 3 28 dep porosity 493:500 arg1 % 491:491 % 491:491 % 491:491 A well-interconnected porous structure with size in the range of 100-200μm and over 80% porosity are found in the composite scaffolds. 27516335 8 29 theme mechanical 1083:1092 arg1 properties 1094:1103 enhanced mechanical properties 1074:1103 enhanced mechanical properties 1074:1103 The biocompatible composite scaffolds with enhanced mechanical properties have potential application in bone tissue engineering. 27516335 3 30 theme porosity 493:500 arg1 range 461:465 the range 457:465 the range of 100-200μm and over 80% porosity 457:500 A well-interconnected porous structure with size in the range of 100-200μm and over 80% porosity are found in the composite scaffolds. 27516335 8 31 with scaffolds 1059:1067 arg1 properties 1094:1103 enhanced mechanical properties 1074:1103 enhanced mechanical properties 1074:1103 The biocompatible composite scaffolds with enhanced mechanical properties have potential application in bone tissue engineering. 27516335 8 32 contain have 1105:1108 arg1 scaffolds 1059:1067 The biocompatible composite scaffolds 1031:1067 The biocompatible composite scaffolds with enhanced mechanical properties 1031:1103 The biocompatible composite scaffolds with enhanced mechanical properties have potential application in bone tissue engineering. 27516335 8 32 contain have 1105:1108 arg2 application 1120:1130 potential application 1110:1130 potential application 1110:1130 The biocompatible composite scaffolds with enhanced mechanical properties have potential application in bone tissue engineering. 27516335 0 33 theme tissue 52:57 arg1 engineering 59:69 tissue engineering 52:69 tissue engineering 52:69 Chitosan-chitin nanocrystal composite scaffolds for tissue engineering. 27516335 4 34 theme crystal 544:550 arg1 structure 552:560 The crystal structure 540:560 The crystal structure of CNCs 540:568 The crystal structure of CNCs is retained in the composite scaffolds. 27516335 8 35 theme potential 1110:1118 arg1 application 1120:1130 potential application 1110:1130 potential application 1110:1130 The biocompatible composite scaffolds with enhanced mechanical properties have potential application in bone tissue engineering. 27516335 3 36 theme well-interconnected 407:425 arg1 structure 434:442 A well-interconnected porous structure 405:442 A well-interconnected porous structure with size in the range of 100-200μm and over 80% porosity 405:500 A well-interconnected porous structure with size in the range of 100-200μm and over 80% porosity are found in the composite scaffolds. 27516335 5 37 theme swelling 704:711 arg1 ratio 713:717 the water swelling ratio 694:717 the water swelling ratio 694:717 The incorporation of CNCs leads to increase in the scaffold density and decrease in the water swelling ratio. 27516335 3 38 located found 506:510 arg1 scaffolds 529:537 the composite scaffolds 515:537 the composite scaffolds 515:537 A well-interconnected porous structure with size in the range of 100-200μm and over 80% porosity are found in the composite scaffolds. 27516335 3 38 located found 506:510 arg2 structure 434:442 A well-interconnected porous structure 405:442 A well-interconnected porous structure with size in the range of 100-200μm and over 80% porosity 405:500 A well-interconnected porous structure with size in the range of 100-200μm and over 80% porosity are found in the composite scaffolds. 27516335 5 39 from increase 645:652 arg1 ratio 713:717 the water swelling ratio 694:717 the water swelling ratio 694:717 The incorporation of CNCs leads to increase in the scaffold density and decrease in the water swelling ratio. 27516335 5 39 from increase 645:652 arg1 density 670:676 the scaffold density 657:676 the scaffold density 657:676 The incorporation of CNCs leads to increase in the scaffold density and decrease in the water swelling ratio. 27516335 2 40 theme composite 201:209 arg1 scaffolds 211:219 The CS/CNCs composite scaffolds 189:219 The CS/CNCs composite scaffolds prepared utilizing a dispersion-based freeze dry approach 189:277 The CS/CNCs composite scaffolds prepared utilizing a dispersion-based freeze dry approach exhibit significant enhancement in compressive strength and modulus compared with pure CS scaffold both in dry and wet state. 27516335 8 41 theme tissue 1140:1145 arg1 engineering 1147:1157 bone tissue engineering 1135:1157 bone tissue engineering 1135:1157 The biocompatible composite scaffolds with enhanced mechanical properties have potential application in bone tissue engineering. 27516335 1 42 with nanocrystals 79:90 arg1 width 115:119 width 115:119 width 115:119 Chitin nanocrystals (CNCs) with length and width of 300 and 20nm were uniformly dispersed in chitosan (CS) solution. 27516335 1 42 with nanocrystals 79:90 arg1 length 104:109 length 104:109 length 104:109 Chitin nanocrystals (CNCs) with length and width of 300 and 20nm were uniformly dispersed in chitosan (CS) solution. 27516335 3 43 with structure 434:442 arg1 size 449:452 size 449:452 size 449:452 A well-interconnected porous structure with size in the range of 100-200μm and over 80% porosity are found in the composite scaffolds. 27516335 2 44 theme CS/CNCs 193:199 arg1 scaffolds 211:219 The CS/CNCs composite scaffolds 189:219 The CS/CNCs composite scaffolds prepared utilizing a dispersion-based freeze dry approach 189:277 The CS/CNCs composite scaffolds prepared utilizing a dispersion-based freeze dry approach exhibit significant enhancement in compressive strength and modulus compared with pure CS scaffold both in dry and wet state. 27516335 6 45 theme excellent 837:845 arg1 biocompatibility 847:862 their excellent biocompatibility 831:862 their excellent biocompatibility 831:862 Moreover, the composite scaffolds are successfully applied as scaffolds for MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells, showing their excellent biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity. 27516335 7 46 theme fluorescent 901:911 arg1 micrographs 913:923 fluorescent micrographs 901:923 fluorescent micrographs 901:923 The results of fluorescent micrographs images reveal that CNCs can markedly promote the cell adhesion and proliferation of the osteoblast on CS. 27516335 5 47 theme scaffold 661:668 arg1 density 670:676 the scaffold density 657:676 the scaffold density 657:676 The incorporation of CNCs leads to increase in the scaffold density and decrease in the water swelling ratio. 27516335 2 48 theme freeze 259:264 arg1 approach 270:277 a dispersion-based freeze dry approach 240:277 a dispersion-based freeze dry approach 240:277 The CS/CNCs composite scaffolds prepared utilizing a dispersion-based freeze dry approach exhibit significant enhancement in compressive strength and modulus compared with pure CS scaffold both in dry and wet state. 27516335 1 49 theme 300 124:126 arg1 width 115:119 width 115:119 width 115:119 Chitin nanocrystals (CNCs) with length and width of 300 and 20nm were uniformly dispersed in chitosan (CS) solution. 27516335 1 49 theme 300 124:126 arg1 length 104:109 length 104:109 length 104:109 Chitin nanocrystals (CNCs) with length and width of 300 and 20nm were uniformly dispersed in chitosan (CS) solution. 27516335 7 50 theme micrographs 913:923 arg1 results 890:896 The results 886:896 The results of fluorescent micrographs 886:923 The results of fluorescent micrographs images reveal that CNCs can markedly promote the cell adhesion and proliferation of the osteoblast on CS. 27516335 2 51 dep scaffold 369:376 arg1 both 378:381 both 378:381 both 378:381 The CS/CNCs composite scaffolds prepared utilizing a dispersion-based freeze dry approach exhibit significant enhancement in compressive strength and modulus compared with pure CS scaffold both in dry and wet state. 27516335 2 52 theme dispersion-based 242:257 arg1 approach 270:277 a dispersion-based freeze dry approach 240:277 a dispersion-based freeze dry approach 240:277 The CS/CNCs composite scaffolds prepared utilizing a dispersion-based freeze dry approach exhibit significant enhancement in compressive strength and modulus compared with pure CS scaffold both in dry and wet state. 27516335 3 53 theme 100-200μm 470:478 arg1 range 461:465 the range 457:465 the range of 100-200μm and over 80% porosity 457:500 A well-interconnected porous structure with size in the range of 100-200μm and over 80% porosity are found in the composite scaffolds. 27516335 6 54 theme osteoblast 805:814 arg1 cells 816:820 MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells 796:820 MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells 796:820 Moreover, the composite scaffolds are successfully applied as scaffolds for MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells, showing their excellent biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity. 27516335 3 55 from structure 434:442 arg1 range 461:465 the range 457:465 the range of 100-200μm and over 80% porosity 457:500 A well-interconnected porous structure with size in the range of 100-200μm and over 80% porosity are found in the composite scaffolds. 27516335 1 56 theme 20nm 132:135 arg1 width 115:119 width 115:119 width 115:119 Chitin nanocrystals (CNCs) with length and width of 300 and 20nm were uniformly dispersed in chitosan (CS) solution. 27516335 1 56 theme 20nm 132:135 arg1 length 104:109 length 104:109 length 104:109 Chitin nanocrystals (CNCs) with length and width of 300 and 20nm were uniformly dispersed in chitosan (CS) solution. 27516335 7 57 from adhesion 979:986 arg1 CS 1027:1028 CS 1027:1028 CS 1027:1028 The results of fluorescent micrographs images reveal that CNCs can markedly promote the cell adhesion and proliferation of the osteoblast on CS. 27516335 3 58 theme composite 519:527 arg1 scaffolds 529:537 the composite scaffolds 515:537 the composite scaffolds 515:537 A well-interconnected porous structure with size in the range of 100-200μm and over 80% porosity are found in the composite scaffolds. 27516335 7 59 theme cell 974:977 arg1 adhesion 979:986 cell adhesion 974:986 cell adhesion 974:986 The results of fluorescent micrographs images reveal that CNCs can markedly promote the cell adhesion and proliferation of the osteoblast on CS. 27516335 4 60 theme composite 589:597 arg1 scaffolds 599:607 the composite scaffolds 585:607 the composite scaffolds 585:607 The crystal structure of CNCs is retained in the composite scaffolds. 26350347 2 0 theme electron 463:470 arg1 microscopy 472:481 scanning electron microscopy 454:481 scanning electron microscopy 454:481 Binary polymer blend films of alginate (ALG) and keratin (KER) fibers (obtained from chicken feathers) were prepared by simple solution casting techniques and their compatibility properties were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. 26350347 6 1 contain has 977:979 arg1 it 974:975 it 974:975 it 974:975 The blend with composition 90:10 of ALG/KER is the one of the strongest candidates in the preparation of blending films, because it has the highest tensile strength (0.38 MPa) and percentage of elongation (59.5%) among all tested blend compositions. 26350347 6 1 contain has 977:979 arg2 strength 1001:1008 the highest tensile strength 981:1008 the highest tensile strength (0.38 MPa) 981:1019 The blend with composition 90:10 of ALG/KER is the one of the strongest candidates in the preparation of blending films, because it has the highest tensile strength (0.38 MPa) and percentage of elongation (59.5%) among all tested blend compositions. 26350347 6 1 contain has 977:979 arg2 percentage 1025:1034 percentage 1025:1034 percentage of elongation (59.5%) 1025:1056 The blend with composition 90:10 of ALG/KER is the one of the strongest candidates in the preparation of blending films, because it has the highest tensile strength (0.38 MPa) and percentage of elongation (59.5%) among all tested blend compositions. 26350347 6 1 contain has 977:979 arg2 MPa 1016:1018 0.38 MPa 1011:1018 0.38 MPa 1011:1018 The blend with composition 90:10 of ALG/KER is the one of the strongest candidates in the preparation of blending films, because it has the highest tensile strength (0.38 MPa) and percentage of elongation (59.5%) among all tested blend compositions. 26350347 6 1 contain has 977:979 arg2 % 1055:1055 59.5% 1051:1055 59.5% 1051:1055 The blend with composition 90:10 of ALG/KER is the one of the strongest candidates in the preparation of blending films, because it has the highest tensile strength (0.38 MPa) and percentage of elongation (59.5%) among all tested blend compositions. 26350347 1 2 theme components 159:168 arg1 properties 131:140 the properties 127:140 the properties of its polymeric components, composition 127:181 The ultimate characteristics of blend film depend on the properties of its polymeric components, composition, and on the compatibility of the polymers. 26350347 8 3 theme biomaterials 1323:1334 arg1 delivery 1355:1362 a drug delivery vesicle, hydrogel, and scaffolding, etc 1348:1402 a drug delivery vesicle, hydrogel, and scaffolding, etc 1348:1402 The fabricated blend film can be a suitable candidate for a range of biomaterials such as for a drug delivery vesicle, hydrogel, and scaffolding, etc. 26350347 8 3 theme biomaterials 1323:1334 arg1 range 1314:1318 a range 1312:1318 a range of biomaterials such as for a drug delivery vesicle, hydrogel, and scaffolding, etc 1312:1402 The fabricated blend film can be a suitable candidate for a range of biomaterials such as for a drug delivery vesicle, hydrogel, and scaffolding, etc. 26350347 2 4 theme scanning 454:461 arg1 microscopy 472:481 scanning electron microscopy 454:481 scanning electron microscopy 454:481 Binary polymer blend films of alginate (ALG) and keratin (KER) fibers (obtained from chicken feathers) were prepared by simple solution casting techniques and their compatibility properties were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. 26350347 2 5 theme chicken 311:317 arg1 feathers 319:326 chicken feathers 311:326 chicken feathers 311:326 Binary polymer blend films of alginate (ALG) and keratin (KER) fibers (obtained from chicken feathers) were prepared by simple solution casting techniques and their compatibility properties were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. 26350347 7 6 theme X-ray 1229:1233 arg1 diffraction 1235:1245 an X-ray diffraction 1226:1245 an X-ray diffraction study 1226:1251 The blend ratio of 80:20 of ALG/KER achieves maximum compatibility, since its intensity pattern changes drastically as recorded in an X-ray diffraction study. 26350347 3 7 theme elongation 520:529 arg1 percent 509:515 percent 509:515 percent 509:515 The tensile strength and percent of elongation were measured by a tensile strength tester. 26350347 3 7 theme elongation 520:529 arg1 strength 496:503 tensile strength 488:503 tensile strength 488:503 The tensile strength and percent of elongation were measured by a tensile strength tester. 26350347 6 8 theme candidates 917:926 arg1 one 896:898 one 896:898 one 896:898 The blend with composition 90:10 of ALG/KER is the one of the strongest candidates in the preparation of blending films, because it has the highest tensile strength (0.38 MPa) and percentage of elongation (59.5%) among all tested blend compositions. 26350347 6 8 theme candidates 917:926 arg1 candidates 917:926 the strongest candidates 903:926 the strongest candidates in the preparation of blending films 903:963 The blend with composition 90:10 of ALG/KER is the one of the strongest candidates in the preparation of blending films, because it has the highest tensile strength (0.38 MPa) and percentage of elongation (59.5%) among all tested blend compositions. 26350347 6 8 theme candidates 917:926 arg1 blend 849:853 The blend 845:853 The blend with composition 90:10 of ALG/KER 845:887 The blend with composition 90:10 of ALG/KER is the one of the strongest candidates in the preparation of blending films, because it has the highest tensile strength (0.38 MPa) and percentage of elongation (59.5%) among all tested blend compositions. 26350347 7 9 theme blend 1099:1103 arg1 ratio 1105:1109 The blend ratio 1095:1109 The blend ratio of 80:20 of ALG/KER 1095:1129 The blend ratio of 80:20 of ALG/KER achieves maximum compatibility, since its intensity pattern changes drastically as recorded in an X-ray diffraction study. 26350347 6 10 theme tested 1068:1073 arg1 compositions 1081:1092 all tested blend compositions 1064:1092 all tested blend compositions 1064:1092 The blend with composition 90:10 of ALG/KER is the one of the strongest candidates in the preparation of blending films, because it has the highest tensile strength (0.38 MPa) and percentage of elongation (59.5%) among all tested blend compositions. 26350347 6 11 theme strongest 907:915 arg1 candidates 917:926 the strongest candidates 903:926 the strongest candidates in the preparation of blending films 903:963 The blend with composition 90:10 of ALG/KER is the one of the strongest candidates in the preparation of blending films, because it has the highest tensile strength (0.38 MPa) and percentage of elongation (59.5%) among all tested blend compositions. 26350347 6 12 with blend 849:853 arg1 composition 860:870 composition 90:10 860:876 composition 90:10 860:876 The blend with composition 90:10 of ALG/KER is the one of the strongest candidates in the preparation of blending films, because it has the highest tensile strength (0.38 MPa) and percentage of elongation (59.5%) among all tested blend compositions. 26350347 6 13 from candidates 917:926 arg1 preparation 935:945 the preparation 931:945 the preparation of blending films 931:963 The blend with composition 90:10 of ALG/KER is the one of the strongest candidates in the preparation of blending films, because it has the highest tensile strength (0.38 MPa) and percentage of elongation (59.5%) among all tested blend compositions. 26350347 1 14 theme ultimate 78:85 arg1 characteristics 87:101 The ultimate characteristics 74:101 The ultimate characteristics of blend film 74:115 The ultimate characteristics of blend film depend on the properties of its polymeric components, composition, and on the compatibility of the polymers. 26350347 2 15 theme solution 353:360 arg1 techniques 370:379 simple solution casting techniques 346:379 simple solution casting techniques 346:379 Binary polymer blend films of alginate (ALG) and keratin (KER) fibers (obtained from chicken feathers) were prepared by simple solution casting techniques and their compatibility properties were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. 26350347 5 16 theme 90:10 748:752 arg1 ratios 738:743 the ALG/KER blend ratios 720:743 the ALG/KER blend ratios of 90:10 and 80:20 720:762 It was found that the ALG/KER blend ratios of 90:10 and 80:20 possess characteristics to make a blend film with a high tensile strength value. 26350347 2 17 theme simple 346:351 arg1 techniques 370:379 simple solution casting techniques 346:379 simple solution casting techniques 346:379 Binary polymer blend films of alginate (ALG) and keratin (KER) fibers (obtained from chicken feathers) were prepared by simple solution casting techniques and their compatibility properties were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. 26350347 5 18 theme ALG/KER 724:730 arg1 ratios 738:743 the ALG/KER blend ratios 720:743 the ALG/KER blend ratios of 90:10 and 80:20 720:762 It was found that the ALG/KER blend ratios of 90:10 and 80:20 possess characteristics to make a blend film with a high tensile strength value. 26350347 8 19 theme blend 1269:1273 arg1 candidate 1298:1306 a suitable candidate 1287:1306 a suitable candidate for a range of biomaterials such as for a drug delivery vesicle, hydrogel, and scaffolding, etc 1287:1402 The fabricated blend film can be a suitable candidate for a range of biomaterials such as for a drug delivery vesicle, hydrogel, and scaffolding, etc. 26350347 8 19 theme blend 1269:1273 arg1 film 1275:1278 The fabricated blend film 1254:1278 The fabricated blend film 1254:1278 The fabricated blend film can be a suitable candidate for a range of biomaterials such as for a drug delivery vesicle, hydrogel, and scaffolding, etc. 26350347 6 20 theme highest 985:991 arg1 MPa 1016:1018 0.38 MPa 1011:1018 0.38 MPa 1011:1018 The blend with composition 90:10 of ALG/KER is the one of the strongest candidates in the preparation of blending films, because it has the highest tensile strength (0.38 MPa) and percentage of elongation (59.5%) among all tested blend compositions. 26350347 6 20 theme highest 985:991 arg1 strength 1001:1008 the highest tensile strength 981:1008 the highest tensile strength (0.38 MPa) 981:1019 The blend with composition 90:10 of ALG/KER is the one of the strongest candidates in the preparation of blending films, because it has the highest tensile strength (0.38 MPa) and percentage of elongation (59.5%) among all tested blend compositions. 26350347 5 21 theme 80:20 758:762 arg1 ratios 738:743 the ALG/KER blend ratios 720:743 the ALG/KER blend ratios of 90:10 and 80:20 720:762 It was found that the ALG/KER blend ratios of 90:10 and 80:20 possess characteristics to make a blend film with a high tensile strength value. 26350347 1 22 theme blend 106:110 arg1 film 112:115 blend film 106:115 blend film 106:115 The ultimate characteristics of blend film depend on the properties of its polymeric components, composition, and on the compatibility of the polymers. 26350347 5 23 theme high 816:819 arg1 strength 829:836 a high tensile strength 814:836 a high tensile strength value 814:842 It was found that the ALG/KER blend ratios of 90:10 and 80:20 possess characteristics to make a blend film with a high tensile strength value. 26350347 0 24 theme alginate/keratin 23:38 arg1 blend 40:44 alginate/keratin blend 23:44 alginate/keratin blend 23:44 Compatibility study of alginate/keratin blend for biopolymer development. 26350347 4 25 theme film 696:699 arg1 development 673:683 the development 669:683 the development of a blend film 669:699 The results of the present studies elucidate that ALG and KER are compatible and suitable for the development of a blend film. 26350347 7 26 theme maximum 1140:1146 arg1 compatibility 1148:1160 maximum compatibility 1140:1160 maximum compatibility 1140:1160 The blend ratio of 80:20 of ALG/KER achieves maximum compatibility, since its intensity pattern changes drastically as recorded in an X-ray diffraction study. 26350347 1 27 theme film 112:115 arg1 characteristics 87:101 The ultimate characteristics 74:101 The ultimate characteristics of blend film 74:115 The ultimate characteristics of blend film depend on the properties of its polymeric components, composition, and on the compatibility of the polymers. 26350347 2 28 theme compatibility 391:403 arg1 properties 405:414 their compatibility properties 385:414 their compatibility properties 385:414 Binary polymer blend films of alginate (ALG) and keratin (KER) fibers (obtained from chicken feathers) were prepared by simple solution casting techniques and their compatibility properties were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. 26350347 2 29 theme keratin 275:281 arg1 fibers 289:294 alginate (ALG) and keratin (KER) fibers 256:294 fibers 289:294 Binary polymer blend films of alginate (ALG) and keratin (KER) fibers (obtained from chicken feathers) were prepared by simple solution casting techniques and their compatibility properties were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. 26350347 2 29 theme keratin 275:281 arg1 KER 284:286 KER 284:286 KER 284:286 Binary polymer blend films of alginate (ALG) and keratin (KER) fibers (obtained from chicken feathers) were prepared by simple solution casting techniques and their compatibility properties were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. 26350347 4 30 theme studies 602:608 arg1 results 579:585 The results 575:585 The results of the present studies 575:608 The results of the present studies elucidate that ALG and KER are compatible and suitable for the development of a blend film. 26350347 5 31 theme blend 732:736 arg1 ratios 738:743 the ALG/KER blend ratios 720:743 the ALG/KER blend ratios of 90:10 and 80:20 720:762 It was found that the ALG/KER blend ratios of 90:10 and 80:20 possess characteristics to make a blend film with a high tensile strength value. 26350347 5 32 contain possess 764:770 arg2 characteristics 772:786 characteristics 772:786 characteristics to make a blend film with a high tensile strength value 772:842 It was found that the ALG/KER blend ratios of 90:10 and 80:20 possess characteristics to make a blend film with a high tensile strength value. 26350347 5 32 contain possess 764:770 arg1 ratios 738:743 the ALG/KER blend ratios 720:743 the ALG/KER blend ratios of 90:10 and 80:20 720:762 It was found that the ALG/KER blend ratios of 90:10 and 80:20 possess characteristics to make a blend film with a high tensile strength value. 26350347 2 33 theme polymer 233:239 arg1 films 247:251 Binary polymer blend films 226:251 Binary polymer blend films of alginate (ALG) and keratin (KER) fibers (obtained from chicken feathers) 226:327 Binary polymer blend films of alginate (ALG) and keratin (KER) fibers (obtained from chicken feathers) were prepared by simple solution casting techniques and their compatibility properties were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. 26350347 3 34 theme tensile 550:556 arg1 tester 567:572 a tensile strength tester 548:572 a tensile strength tester 548:572 The tensile strength and percent of elongation were measured by a tensile strength tester. 26350347 6 35 theme films 959:963 arg1 preparation 935:945 the preparation 931:945 the preparation of blending films 931:963 The blend with composition 90:10 of ALG/KER is the one of the strongest candidates in the preparation of blending films, because it has the highest tensile strength (0.38 MPa) and percentage of elongation (59.5%) among all tested blend compositions. 26350347 2 36 theme Binary 226:231 arg1 films 247:251 Binary polymer blend films 226:251 Binary polymer blend films of alginate (ALG) and keratin (KER) fibers (obtained from chicken feathers) 226:327 Binary polymer blend films of alginate (ALG) and keratin (KER) fibers (obtained from chicken feathers) were prepared by simple solution casting techniques and their compatibility properties were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. 26350347 2 37 theme casting 362:368 arg1 techniques 370:379 simple solution casting techniques 346:379 simple solution casting techniques 346:379 Binary polymer blend films of alginate (ALG) and keratin (KER) fibers (obtained from chicken feathers) were prepared by simple solution casting techniques and their compatibility properties were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. 26350347 2 38 theme X-ray 432:436 arg1 diffraction 438:448 X-ray diffraction 432:448 X-ray diffraction 432:448 Binary polymer blend films of alginate (ALG) and keratin (KER) fibers (obtained from chicken feathers) were prepared by simple solution casting techniques and their compatibility properties were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. 26350347 5 39 theme tensile 821:827 arg1 strength 829:836 a high tensile strength 814:836 a high tensile strength value 814:842 It was found that the ALG/KER blend ratios of 90:10 and 80:20 possess characteristics to make a blend film with a high tensile strength value. 26350347 8 40 dep delivery 1355:1362 arg1 etc 1400:1402 etc 1400:1402 etc 1400:1402 The fabricated blend film can be a suitable candidate for a range of biomaterials such as for a drug delivery vesicle, hydrogel, and scaffolding, etc. 26350347 8 40 dep delivery 1355:1362 arg1 hydrogel 1373:1380 hydrogel 1373:1380 hydrogel 1373:1380 The fabricated blend film can be a suitable candidate for a range of biomaterials such as for a drug delivery vesicle, hydrogel, and scaffolding, etc. 26350347 8 40 dep delivery 1355:1362 arg1 scaffolding 1387:1397 scaffolding 1387:1397 scaffolding 1387:1397 The fabricated blend film can be a suitable candidate for a range of biomaterials such as for a drug delivery vesicle, hydrogel, and scaffolding, etc. 26350347 8 40 dep delivery 1355:1362 arg1 vesicle 1364:1370 vesicle 1364:1370 vesicle 1364:1370 The fabricated blend film can be a suitable candidate for a range of biomaterials such as for a drug delivery vesicle, hydrogel, and scaffolding, etc. 26350347 3 41 theme strength 558:565 arg1 tester 567:572 a tensile strength tester 548:572 a tensile strength tester 548:572 The tensile strength and percent of elongation were measured by a tensile strength tester. 26350347 8 42 theme fabricated 1258:1267 arg1 candidate 1298:1306 a suitable candidate 1287:1306 a suitable candidate for a range of biomaterials such as for a drug delivery vesicle, hydrogel, and scaffolding, etc 1287:1402 The fabricated blend film can be a suitable candidate for a range of biomaterials such as for a drug delivery vesicle, hydrogel, and scaffolding, etc. 26350347 8 42 theme fabricated 1258:1267 arg1 film 1275:1278 The fabricated blend film 1254:1278 The fabricated blend film 1254:1278 The fabricated blend film can be a suitable candidate for a range of biomaterials such as for a drug delivery vesicle, hydrogel, and scaffolding, etc. 26350347 6 43 theme elongation 1039:1048 arg1 % 1055:1055 59.5% 1051:1055 59.5% 1051:1055 The blend with composition 90:10 of ALG/KER is the one of the strongest candidates in the preparation of blending films, because it has the highest tensile strength (0.38 MPa) and percentage of elongation (59.5%) among all tested blend compositions. 26350347 6 43 theme elongation 1039:1048 arg1 percentage 1025:1034 percentage 1025:1034 percentage of elongation (59.5%) 1025:1056 The blend with composition 90:10 of ALG/KER is the one of the strongest candidates in the preparation of blending films, because it has the highest tensile strength (0.38 MPa) and percentage of elongation (59.5%) among all tested blend compositions. 26350347 6 43 theme elongation 1039:1048 arg1 MPa 1016:1018 0.38 MPa 1011:1018 0.38 MPa 1011:1018 The blend with composition 90:10 of ALG/KER is the one of the strongest candidates in the preparation of blending films, because it has the highest tensile strength (0.38 MPa) and percentage of elongation (59.5%) among all tested blend compositions. 26350347 6 43 theme elongation 1039:1048 arg1 strength 1001:1008 the highest tensile strength 981:1008 the highest tensile strength (0.38 MPa) 981:1019 The blend with composition 90:10 of ALG/KER is the one of the strongest candidates in the preparation of blending films, because it has the highest tensile strength (0.38 MPa) and percentage of elongation (59.5%) among all tested blend compositions. 26350347 0 44 theme biopolymer 50:59 arg1 development 61:71 biopolymer development 50:71 biopolymer development 50:71 Compatibility study of alginate/keratin blend for biopolymer development. 26350347 8 45 theme drug 1350:1353 arg1 delivery 1355:1362 a drug delivery vesicle, hydrogel, and scaffolding, etc 1348:1402 a drug delivery vesicle, hydrogel, and scaffolding, etc 1348:1402 The fabricated blend film can be a suitable candidate for a range of biomaterials such as for a drug delivery vesicle, hydrogel, and scaffolding, etc. 26350347 8 46 theme suitable 1289:1296 arg1 candidate 1298:1306 a suitable candidate 1287:1306 a suitable candidate for a range of biomaterials such as for a drug delivery vesicle, hydrogel, and scaffolding, etc 1287:1402 The fabricated blend film can be a suitable candidate for a range of biomaterials such as for a drug delivery vesicle, hydrogel, and scaffolding, etc. 26350347 8 46 theme suitable 1289:1296 arg1 film 1275:1278 The fabricated blend film 1254:1278 The fabricated blend film 1254:1278 The fabricated blend film can be a suitable candidate for a range of biomaterials such as for a drug delivery vesicle, hydrogel, and scaffolding, etc. 26350347 3 47 theme tensile 488:494 arg1 strength 496:503 tensile strength 488:503 tensile strength 488:503 The tensile strength and percent of elongation were measured by a tensile strength tester. 26350347 7 48 theme intensity 1173:1181 arg1 pattern 1183:1189 its intensity pattern 1169:1189 its intensity pattern 1169:1189 The blend ratio of 80:20 of ALG/KER achieves maximum compatibility, since its intensity pattern changes drastically as recorded in an X-ray diffraction study. 26350347 2 49 theme alginate 256:263 arg1 films 247:251 Binary polymer blend films 226:251 Binary polymer blend films of alginate (ALG) and keratin (KER) fibers (obtained from chicken feathers) 226:327 Binary polymer blend films of alginate (ALG) and keratin (KER) fibers (obtained from chicken feathers) were prepared by simple solution casting techniques and their compatibility properties were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. 26350347 4 50 theme blend 690:694 arg1 film 696:699 a blend film 688:699 a blend film 688:699 The results of the present studies elucidate that ALG and KER are compatible and suitable for the development of a blend film. 26350347 3 51 dep strength 496:503 arg1 The 484:486 The 484:486 The 484:486 The tensile strength and percent of elongation were measured by a tensile strength tester. 26350347 1 52 theme polymers 216:223 arg1 compatibility 195:207 the compatibility 191:207 the compatibility of the polymers 191:223 The ultimate characteristics of blend film depend on the properties of its polymeric components, composition, and on the compatibility of the polymers. 26350347 6 53 theme blend 1075:1079 arg1 compositions 1081:1092 all tested blend compositions 1064:1092 all tested blend compositions 1064:1092 The blend with composition 90:10 of ALG/KER is the one of the strongest candidates in the preparation of blending films, because it has the highest tensile strength (0.38 MPa) and percentage of elongation (59.5%) among all tested blend compositions. 26350347 2 54 theme fibers 289:294 arg1 films 247:251 Binary polymer blend films 226:251 Binary polymer blend films of alginate (ALG) and keratin (KER) fibers (obtained from chicken feathers) 226:327 Binary polymer blend films of alginate (ALG) and keratin (KER) fibers (obtained from chicken feathers) were prepared by simple solution casting techniques and their compatibility properties were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. 26350347 6 55 theme blending 950:957 arg1 films 959:963 blending films 950:963 blending films 950:963 The blend with composition 90:10 of ALG/KER is the one of the strongest candidates in the preparation of blending films, because it has the highest tensile strength (0.38 MPa) and percentage of elongation (59.5%) among all tested blend compositions. 26350347 7 56 theme 80:20 1114:1118 arg1 ratio 1105:1109 The blend ratio 1095:1109 The blend ratio of 80:20 of ALG/KER 1095:1129 The blend ratio of 80:20 of ALG/KER achieves maximum compatibility, since its intensity pattern changes drastically as recorded in an X-ray diffraction study. 26350347 5 57 theme blend 798:802 arg1 film 804:807 a blend film 796:807 a blend film 796:807 It was found that the ALG/KER blend ratios of 90:10 and 80:20 possess characteristics to make a blend film with a high tensile strength value. 26350347 7 58 theme diffraction 1235:1245 arg1 study 1247:1251 an X-ray diffraction study 1226:1251 an X-ray diffraction study 1226:1251 The blend ratio of 80:20 of ALG/KER achieves maximum compatibility, since its intensity pattern changes drastically as recorded in an X-ray diffraction study. 26350347 5 59 theme strength 829:836 arg1 value 838:842 a high tensile strength value 814:842 a high tensile strength value 814:842 It was found that the ALG/KER blend ratios of 90:10 and 80:20 possess characteristics to make a blend film with a high tensile strength value. 26350347 6 60 theme tensile 993:999 arg1 MPa 1016:1018 0.38 MPa 1011:1018 0.38 MPa 1011:1018 The blend with composition 90:10 of ALG/KER is the one of the strongest candidates in the preparation of blending films, because it has the highest tensile strength (0.38 MPa) and percentage of elongation (59.5%) among all tested blend compositions. 26350347 6 60 theme tensile 993:999 arg1 strength 1001:1008 the highest tensile strength 981:1008 the highest tensile strength (0.38 MPa) 981:1019 The blend with composition 90:10 of ALG/KER is the one of the strongest candidates in the preparation of blending films, because it has the highest tensile strength (0.38 MPa) and percentage of elongation (59.5%) among all tested blend compositions. 26350347 4 61 theme present 594:600 arg1 studies 602:608 the present studies 590:608 the present studies 590:608 The results of the present studies elucidate that ALG and KER are compatible and suitable for the development of a blend film. 26350347 2 62 theme blend 241:245 arg1 films 247:251 Binary polymer blend films 226:251 Binary polymer blend films of alginate (ALG) and keratin (KER) fibers (obtained from chicken feathers) 226:327 Binary polymer blend films of alginate (ALG) and keratin (KER) fibers (obtained from chicken feathers) were prepared by simple solution casting techniques and their compatibility properties were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. 26350347 1 63 theme polymeric 149:157 arg1 composition 171:181 composition 171:181 composition 171:181 The ultimate characteristics of blend film depend on the properties of its polymeric components, composition, and on the compatibility of the polymers. 26350347 1 63 theme polymeric 149:157 arg1 components 159:168 its polymeric components 145:168 its polymeric components 145:168 The ultimate characteristics of blend film depend on the properties of its polymeric components, composition, and on the compatibility of the polymers. 26350347 7 64 theme ALG/KER 1123:1129 arg1 80:20 1114:1118 80:20 1114:1118 80:20 of ALG/KER 1114:1129 The blend ratio of 80:20 of ALG/KER achieves maximum compatibility, since its intensity pattern changes drastically as recorded in an X-ray diffraction study. 26350347 6 65 theme ALG/KER 881:887 arg1 blend 849:853 The blend 845:853 The blend with composition 90:10 of ALG/KER 845:887 The blend with composition 90:10 of ALG/KER is the one of the strongest candidates in the preparation of blending films, because it has the highest tensile strength (0.38 MPa) and percentage of elongation (59.5%) among all tested blend compositions. 26350347 6 65 theme ALG/KER 881:887 arg1 candidates 917:926 the strongest candidates 903:926 the strongest candidates in the preparation of blending films 903:963 The blend with composition 90:10 of ALG/KER is the one of the strongest candidates in the preparation of blending films, because it has the highest tensile strength (0.38 MPa) and percentage of elongation (59.5%) among all tested blend compositions. 26350347 6 65 theme ALG/KER 881:887 arg1 one 896:898 one 896:898 one 896:898 The blend with composition 90:10 of ALG/KER is the one of the strongest candidates in the preparation of blending films, because it has the highest tensile strength (0.38 MPa) and percentage of elongation (59.5%) among all tested blend compositions. 26428095 2 0 from shape 506:510 arg1 rod 499:501 rod 499:501 rod 499:501 All the CNCs were rod in shape with diameter of 15-50 nm and length of 210-480 nm. 26428095 2 0 from shape 506:510 arg1 CNCs 489:492 All the CNCs 481:492 All the CNCs 481:492 All the CNCs were rod in shape with diameter of 15-50 nm and length of 210-480 nm. 26428095 3 1 theme distinctive 604:614 arg1 differences 616:626 no distinctive differences 601:626 no distinctive differences in the chemical structure between CNCs and cotton linter cellulose fiber 601:699 FTIR result indicated that there was no distinctive differences in the chemical structure between CNCs and cotton linter cellulose fiber. 26428095 6 2 with % 1116:1116 arg1 incorporation 1131:1143 incorporation 1131:1143 incorporation of CNC1 and CNC2 1131:1160 The tensile strength (TS) of agar film increased by 15% with incorporation of 5 wt% of CNC3, on the contrary, it decreased by 10% and 15% with incorporation of CNC1 and CNC2, respectively. 26428095 1 3 theme methods 262:268 arg1 hydrolysis 189:198 acid hydrolysis 184:198 acid hydrolysis of cotton linter pulp fibers and three different purification methods, i.e., without post purification (CNC1), dialyzed against distilled water (CNC2), 184:350 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were prepared by acid hydrolysis of cotton linter pulp fibers and three different purification methods, i.e., without post purification (CNC1), dialyzed against distilled water (CNC2), and neutralized with NaOH (CNC3), and their effect on film properties was evaluated by preparation of agar/CNCs composite films. 26428095 7 4 theme effective 1316:1324 arg1 CNC3 1302:1305 the CNC3 1298:1305 the CNC3 1298:1305 Other performance properties of agar/CNCs composite films such as optical and water vapor barrier properties showed that the CNC3 was more effective filler than the other CNCs. 26428095 7 4 theme effective 1316:1324 arg1 filler 1326:1331 more effective filler 1311:1331 more effective filler 1311:1331 Other performance properties of agar/CNCs composite films such as optical and water vapor barrier properties showed that the CNC3 was more effective filler than the other CNCs. 26428095 6 5 theme % 1070:1070 arg1 incorporation 1049:1061 incorporation 1049:1061 incorporation of 5 wt% of CNC3 1049:1078 The tensile strength (TS) of agar film increased by 15% with incorporation of 5 wt% of CNC3, on the contrary, it decreased by 10% and 15% with incorporation of CNC1 and CNC2, respectively. 26428095 8 6 theme film 1497:1500 arg1 properties 1502:1511 film properties 1497:1511 film properties of the composite films 1497:1534 In the range of concentration of CNC3 tested (1-10 wt%), inclusion of 5 wt% of CNC3 was the maximum concentration for improving or maintaining film properties of the composite films. 26428095 2 7 theme nm 560:561 arg1 length 542:547 length 542:547 length of 210-480 nm 542:561 All the CNCs were rod in shape with diameter of 15-50 nm and length of 210-480 nm. 26428095 2 7 theme nm 560:561 arg1 diameter 517:524 diameter 517:524 diameter of 15-50 nm 517:536 All the CNCs were rod in shape with diameter of 15-50 nm and length of 210-480 nm. 26428095 3 8 theme chemical 635:642 arg1 structure 644:652 the chemical structure 631:652 the chemical structure 631:652 FTIR result indicated that there was no distinctive differences in the chemical structure between CNCs and cotton linter cellulose fiber. 26428095 8 9 theme wt 1426:1427 arg1 % 1428:1428 5 wt% 1424:1428 5 wt% 1424:1428 In the range of concentration of CNC3 tested (1-10 wt%), inclusion of 5 wt% of CNC3 was the maximum concentration for improving or maintaining film properties of the composite films. 26428095 1 10 theme film 406:409 arg1 properties 411:420 film properties 406:420 film properties 406:420 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were prepared by acid hydrolysis of cotton linter pulp fibers and three different purification methods, i.e., without post purification (CNC1), dialyzed against distilled water (CNC2), and neutralized with NaOH (CNC3), and their effect on film properties was evaluated by preparation of agar/CNCs composite films. 26428095 4 11 theme CNCs 798:801 arg1 content 763:769 sulfate content 755:769 sulfate content 755:769 No significant relationship was observed between the sulfate content and crystallinity index of CNCs. 26428095 4 11 theme CNCs 798:801 arg1 index 789:793 crystallinity index 775:793 crystallinity index 775:793 No significant relationship was observed between the sulfate content and crystallinity index of CNCs. 26428095 3 12 theme linter 678:683 arg1 fiber 695:699 cotton linter cellulose fiber 671:699 cotton linter cellulose fiber 671:699 FTIR result indicated that there was no distinctive differences in the chemical structure between CNCs and cotton linter cellulose fiber. 26428095 8 13 theme composite 1520:1528 arg1 films 1530:1534 the composite films 1516:1534 the composite films 1516:1534 In the range of concentration of CNC3 tested (1-10 wt%), inclusion of 5 wt% of CNC3 was the maximum concentration for improving or maintaining film properties of the composite films. 26428095 0 14 theme films 130:134 arg1 properties 91:100 the properties 87:100 the properties of agar-based nanocomposite films 87:134 Effect of post-treatments and concentration of cotton linter cellulose nanocrystals on the properties of agar-based nanocomposite films. 26428095 4 15 dep content 763:769 arg1 the 751:753 the 751:753 the 751:753 No significant relationship was observed between the sulfate content and crystallinity index of CNCs. 26428095 7 16 theme films 1229:1233 arg1 properties 1195:1204 Other performance properties 1177:1204 Other performance properties of agar/CNCs composite films such as optical and water vapor barrier properties 1177:1284 Other performance properties of agar/CNCs composite films such as optical and water vapor barrier properties showed that the CNC3 was more effective filler than the other CNCs. 26428095 3 17 from differences 616:626 arg1 structure 644:652 the chemical structure 631:652 the chemical structure 631:652 FTIR result indicated that there was no distinctive differences in the chemical structure between CNCs and cotton linter cellulose fiber. 26428095 6 18 theme CNC2 1157:1160 arg1 incorporation 1131:1143 incorporation 1131:1143 incorporation of CNC1 and CNC2 1131:1160 The tensile strength (TS) of agar film increased by 15% with incorporation of 5 wt% of CNC3, on the contrary, it decreased by 10% and 15% with incorporation of CNC1 and CNC2, respectively. 26428095 1 19 theme pulp 217:220 arg1 fibers 222:227 cotton linter pulp fibers 203:227 cotton linter pulp fibers 203:227 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were prepared by acid hydrolysis of cotton linter pulp fibers and three different purification methods, i.e., without post purification (CNC1), dialyzed against distilled water (CNC2), and neutralized with NaOH (CNC3), and their effect on film properties was evaluated by preparation of agar/CNCs composite films. 26428095 7 20 theme agar/CNCs 1209:1217 arg1 films 1229:1233 agar/CNCs composite films 1209:1233 agar/CNCs composite films such as optical and water vapor barrier properties 1209:1284 Other performance properties of agar/CNCs composite films such as optical and water vapor barrier properties showed that the CNC3 was more effective filler than the other CNCs. 26428095 7 20 theme agar/CNCs 1209:1217 arg1 optical 1243:1249 optical 1243:1249 optical 1243:1249 Other performance properties of agar/CNCs composite films such as optical and water vapor barrier properties showed that the CNC3 was more effective filler than the other CNCs. 26428095 7 20 theme agar/CNCs 1209:1217 arg1 vapor 1261:1265 water vapor 1255:1265 water vapor 1255:1265 Other performance properties of agar/CNCs composite films such as optical and water vapor barrier properties showed that the CNC3 was more effective filler than the other CNCs. 26428095 6 21 theme CNC1 1148:1151 arg1 incorporation 1131:1143 incorporation 1131:1143 incorporation of CNC1 and CNC2 1131:1160 The tensile strength (TS) of agar film increased by 15% with incorporation of 5 wt% of CNC3, on the contrary, it decreased by 10% and 15% with incorporation of CNC1 and CNC2, respectively. 26428095 8 22 dep tested 1392:1397 arg1 CNC3 1387:1390 CNC3 1387:1390 CNC3 tested (1-10 wt%) 1387:1408 In the range of concentration of CNC3 tested (1-10 wt%), inclusion of 5 wt% of CNC3 was the maximum concentration for improving or maintaining film properties of the composite films. 26428095 8 22 dep tested 1392:1397 arg1 % 1407:1407 1-10 wt% 1400:1407 1-10 wt% 1400:1407 In the range of concentration of CNC3 tested (1-10 wt%), inclusion of 5 wt% of CNC3 was the maximum concentration for improving or maintaining film properties of the composite films. 26428095 5 23 theme other 854:858 arg1 type 860:863 the other type 850:863 the other type of CNCs due to the less adverse effect on the thermal stability of sulfate groups induced by the neutralization with NaOH 850:985 The CNC3 showed higher thermal stability than the other type of CNCs due to the less adverse effect on the thermal stability of sulfate groups induced by the neutralization with NaOH. 26428095 7 24 theme Other 1177:1181 arg1 properties 1195:1204 Other performance properties 1177:1204 Other performance properties of agar/CNCs composite films such as optical and water vapor barrier properties 1177:1284 Other performance properties of agar/CNCs composite films such as optical and water vapor barrier properties showed that the CNC3 was more effective filler than the other CNCs. 26428095 0 25 theme cellulose 61:69 arg1 nanocrystals 71:82 cotton linter cellulose nanocrystals 47:82 cotton linter cellulose nanocrystals 47:82 Effect of post-treatments and concentration of cotton linter cellulose nanocrystals on the properties of agar-based nanocomposite films. 26428095 7 26 dep optical 1243:1249 arg1 properties 1275:1284 barrier properties 1267:1284 barrier properties 1267:1284 Other performance properties of agar/CNCs composite films such as optical and water vapor barrier properties showed that the CNC3 was more effective filler than the other CNCs. 26428095 1 27 dep purification 290:301 arg1 i.e. 271:274 i.e. 271:274 i.e. 271:274 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were prepared by acid hydrolysis of cotton linter pulp fibers and three different purification methods, i.e., without post purification (CNC1), dialyzed against distilled water (CNC2), and neutralized with NaOH (CNC3), and their effect on film properties was evaluated by preparation of agar/CNCs composite films. 26428095 1 28 theme distilled 328:336 arg1 CNC2 345:348 CNC2 345:348 CNC2 345:348 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were prepared by acid hydrolysis of cotton linter pulp fibers and three different purification methods, i.e., without post purification (CNC1), dialyzed against distilled water (CNC2), and neutralized with NaOH (CNC3), and their effect on film properties was evaluated by preparation of agar/CNCs composite films. 26428095 1 28 theme distilled 328:336 arg1 water 338:342 distilled water 328:342 distilled water (CNC2) 328:349 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were prepared by acid hydrolysis of cotton linter pulp fibers and three different purification methods, i.e., without post purification (CNC1), dialyzed against distilled water (CNC2), and neutralized with NaOH (CNC3), and their effect on film properties was evaluated by preparation of agar/CNCs composite films. 26428095 9 29 theme hydrolyzed 1564:1573 arg1 cellulose 1575:1583 acid hydrolyzed cellulose 1559:1583 acid hydrolyzed cellulose using NaOH 1559:1594 The neutralization of acid hydrolyzed cellulose using NaOH was simple and convenient for the preparation of CNC and bionanocomposite films. 26428095 0 30 from Effect 0:5 arg1 properties 91:100 the properties 87:100 the properties of agar-based nanocomposite films 87:134 Effect of post-treatments and concentration of cotton linter cellulose nanocrystals on the properties of agar-based nanocomposite films. 26428095 5 31 theme adverse 889:895 arg1 effect 897:902 the less adverse effect 880:902 the less adverse effect on the thermal stability of sulfate groups induced by the neutralization with NaOH 880:985 The CNC3 showed higher thermal stability than the other type of CNCs due to the less adverse effect on the thermal stability of sulfate groups induced by the neutralization with NaOH. 26428095 4 32 theme significant 705:715 arg1 relationship 717:728 No significant relationship 702:728 No significant relationship 702:728 No significant relationship was observed between the sulfate content and crystallinity index of CNCs. 26428095 0 33 theme agar-based 105:114 arg1 films 130:134 agar-based nanocomposite films 105:134 agar-based nanocomposite films 105:134 Effect of post-treatments and concentration of cotton linter cellulose nanocrystals on the properties of agar-based nanocomposite films. 26428095 6 34 theme tensile 992:998 arg1 TS 1010:1011 TS 1010:1011 TS 1010:1011 The tensile strength (TS) of agar film increased by 15% with incorporation of 5 wt% of CNC3, on the contrary, it decreased by 10% and 15% with incorporation of CNC1 and CNC2, respectively. 26428095 6 34 theme tensile 992:998 arg1 strength 1000:1007 The tensile strength 988:1007 The tensile strength (TS) of agar film 988:1025 The tensile strength (TS) of agar film increased by 15% with incorporation of 5 wt% of CNC3, on the contrary, it decreased by 10% and 15% with incorporation of CNC1 and CNC2, respectively. 26428095 5 35 with neutralization 962:975 arg1 NaOH 982:985 NaOH 982:985 NaOH 982:985 The CNC3 showed higher thermal stability than the other type of CNCs due to the less adverse effect on the thermal stability of sulfate groups induced by the neutralization with NaOH. 26428095 5 36 theme due 873:875 arg1 CNCs 868:871 CNCs 868:871 CNCs due to the less adverse effect on the thermal stability of sulfate groups induced by the neutralization with NaOH 868:985 The CNC3 showed higher thermal stability than the other type of CNCs due to the less adverse effect on the thermal stability of sulfate groups induced by the neutralization with NaOH. 26428095 8 37 theme concentration 1370:1382 arg1 range 1361:1365 the range 1357:1365 the range of concentration of CNC3 tested (1-10 wt%) 1357:1408 In the range of concentration of CNC3 tested (1-10 wt%), inclusion of 5 wt% of CNC3 was the maximum concentration for improving or maintaining film properties of the composite films. 26428095 0 38 theme post-treatments 10:24 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of post-treatments and concentration of cotton linter cellulose nanocrystals on the properties of agar-based nanocomposite films. 0:135 Effect of post-treatments and concentration of cotton linter cellulose nanocrystals on the properties of agar-based nanocomposite films. 26428095 1 39 theme post 285:288 arg1 CNC1 304:307 CNC1 304:307 CNC1 304:307 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were prepared by acid hydrolysis of cotton linter pulp fibers and three different purification methods, i.e., without post purification (CNC1), dialyzed against distilled water (CNC2), and neutralized with NaOH (CNC3), and their effect on film properties was evaluated by preparation of agar/CNCs composite films. 26428095 1 39 theme post 285:288 arg1 purification 290:301 post purification 285:301 post purification (CNC1) 285:308 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were prepared by acid hydrolysis of cotton linter pulp fibers and three different purification methods, i.e., without post purification (CNC1), dialyzed against distilled water (CNC2), and neutralized with NaOH (CNC3), and their effect on film properties was evaluated by preparation of agar/CNCs composite films. 26428095 8 40 theme CNC3 1387:1390 arg1 concentration 1370:1382 concentration 1370:1382 concentration of CNC3 tested (1-10 wt%) 1370:1408 In the range of concentration of CNC3 tested (1-10 wt%), inclusion of 5 wt% of CNC3 was the maximum concentration for improving or maintaining film properties of the composite films. 26428095 4 41 theme sulfate 755:761 arg1 content 763:769 sulfate content 755:769 sulfate content 755:769 No significant relationship was observed between the sulfate content and crystallinity index of CNCs. 26428095 0 42 theme concentration 30:42 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of post-treatments and concentration of cotton linter cellulose nanocrystals on the properties of agar-based nanocomposite films. 0:135 Effect of post-treatments and concentration of cotton linter cellulose nanocrystals on the properties of agar-based nanocomposite films. 26428095 5 43 theme groups 940:945 arg1 stability 919:927 the thermal stability 907:927 the thermal stability of sulfate groups induced by the neutralization with NaOH 907:985 The CNC3 showed higher thermal stability than the other type of CNCs due to the less adverse effect on the thermal stability of sulfate groups induced by the neutralization with NaOH. 26428095 3 44 theme FTIR 564:567 arg1 result 569:574 FTIR result 564:574 FTIR result 564:574 FTIR result indicated that there was no distinctive differences in the chemical structure between CNCs and cotton linter cellulose fiber. 26428095 0 45 theme cotton 47:52 arg1 nanocrystals 71:82 cotton linter cellulose nanocrystals 47:82 cotton linter cellulose nanocrystals 47:82 Effect of post-treatments and concentration of cotton linter cellulose nanocrystals on the properties of agar-based nanocomposite films. 26428095 9 46 theme CNC 1645:1647 arg1 films 1670:1674 CNC and bionanocomposite films 1645:1674 CNC and bionanocomposite films 1645:1674 The neutralization of acid hydrolyzed cellulose using NaOH was simple and convenient for the preparation of CNC and bionanocomposite films. 26428095 8 47 theme wt 1405:1406 arg1 CNC3 1387:1390 CNC3 1387:1390 CNC3 tested (1-10 wt%) 1387:1408 In the range of concentration of CNC3 tested (1-10 wt%), inclusion of 5 wt% of CNC3 was the maximum concentration for improving or maintaining film properties of the composite films. 26428095 8 47 theme wt 1405:1406 arg1 % 1407:1407 1-10 wt% 1400:1407 1-10 wt% 1400:1407 In the range of concentration of CNC3 tested (1-10 wt%), inclusion of 5 wt% of CNC3 was the maximum concentration for improving or maintaining film properties of the composite films. 26428095 1 48 theme agar/CNCs 454:462 arg1 films 474:478 agar/CNCs composite films 454:478 agar/CNCs composite films 454:478 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were prepared by acid hydrolysis of cotton linter pulp fibers and three different purification methods, i.e., without post purification (CNC1), dialyzed against distilled water (CNC2), and neutralized with NaOH (CNC3), and their effect on film properties was evaluated by preparation of agar/CNCs composite films. 26428095 8 49 theme CNC3 1433:1436 arg1 inclusion 1411:1419 inclusion 1411:1419 inclusion of 5 wt% of CNC3 1411:1436 In the range of concentration of CNC3 tested (1-10 wt%), inclusion of 5 wt% of CNC3 was the maximum concentration for improving or maintaining film properties of the composite films. 26428095 8 49 theme CNC3 1433:1436 arg1 concentration 1454:1466 the maximum concentration 1442:1466 the maximum concentration for improving or maintaining film properties of the composite films 1442:1534 In the range of concentration of CNC3 tested (1-10 wt%), inclusion of 5 wt% of CNC3 was the maximum concentration for improving or maintaining film properties of the composite films. 26428095 1 50 theme fibers 222:227 arg1 hydrolysis 189:198 acid hydrolysis 184:198 acid hydrolysis of cotton linter pulp fibers and three different purification methods, i.e., without post purification (CNC1), dialyzed against distilled water (CNC2), 184:350 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were prepared by acid hydrolysis of cotton linter pulp fibers and three different purification methods, i.e., without post purification (CNC1), dialyzed against distilled water (CNC2), and neutralized with NaOH (CNC3), and their effect on film properties was evaluated by preparation of agar/CNCs composite films. 26428095 5 51 theme thermal 911:917 arg1 stability 919:927 the thermal stability 907:927 the thermal stability of sulfate groups induced by the neutralization with NaOH 907:985 The CNC3 showed higher thermal stability than the other type of CNCs due to the less adverse effect on the thermal stability of sulfate groups induced by the neutralization with NaOH. 26428095 6 52 theme agar 1017:1020 arg1 film 1022:1025 agar film 1017:1025 agar film 1017:1025 The tensile strength (TS) of agar film increased by 15% with incorporation of 5 wt% of CNC3, on the contrary, it decreased by 10% and 15% with incorporation of CNC1 and CNC2, respectively. 26428095 9 53 theme bionanocomposite 1653:1668 arg1 films 1670:1674 CNC and bionanocomposite films 1645:1674 CNC and bionanocomposite films 1645:1674 The neutralization of acid hydrolyzed cellulose using NaOH was simple and convenient for the preparation of CNC and bionanocomposite films. 26428095 1 54 theme films 474:478 arg1 preparation 439:449 preparation 439:449 preparation of agar/CNCs composite films 439:478 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were prepared by acid hydrolysis of cotton linter pulp fibers and three different purification methods, i.e., without post purification (CNC1), dialyzed against distilled water (CNC2), and neutralized with NaOH (CNC3), and their effect on film properties was evaluated by preparation of agar/CNCs composite films. 26428095 6 55 with % 1124:1124 arg1 incorporation 1131:1143 incorporation 1131:1143 incorporation of CNC1 and CNC2 1131:1160 The tensile strength (TS) of agar film increased by 15% with incorporation of 5 wt% of CNC3, on the contrary, it decreased by 10% and 15% with incorporation of CNC1 and CNC2, respectively. 26428095 1 56 theme purification 249:260 arg1 methods 262:268 three different purification methods 233:268 three different purification methods 233:268 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were prepared by acid hydrolysis of cotton linter pulp fibers and three different purification methods, i.e., without post purification (CNC1), dialyzed against distilled water (CNC2), and neutralized with NaOH (CNC3), and their effect on film properties was evaluated by preparation of agar/CNCs composite films. 26428095 2 57 theme nm 535:536 arg1 length 542:547 length 542:547 length of 210-480 nm 542:561 All the CNCs were rod in shape with diameter of 15-50 nm and length of 210-480 nm. 26428095 2 57 theme nm 535:536 arg1 diameter 517:524 diameter 517:524 diameter of 15-50 nm 517:536 All the CNCs were rod in shape with diameter of 15-50 nm and length of 210-480 nm. 26428095 6 58 theme wt 1068:1069 arg1 CNC3 1075:1078 CNC3 1075:1078 CNC3 1075:1078 The tensile strength (TS) of agar film increased by 15% with incorporation of 5 wt% of CNC3, on the contrary, it decreased by 10% and 15% with incorporation of CNC1 and CNC2, respectively. 26428095 6 58 theme wt 1068:1069 arg1 % 1070:1070 5 wt% 1066:1070 5 wt% of CNC3 1066:1078 The tensile strength (TS) of agar film increased by 15% with incorporation of 5 wt% of CNC3, on the contrary, it decreased by 10% and 15% with incorporation of CNC1 and CNC2, respectively. 26428095 8 59 theme % 1428:1428 arg1 inclusion 1411:1419 inclusion 1411:1419 inclusion of 5 wt% of CNC3 1411:1436 In the range of concentration of CNC3 tested (1-10 wt%), inclusion of 5 wt% of CNC3 was the maximum concentration for improving or maintaining film properties of the composite films. 26428095 8 59 theme % 1428:1428 arg1 concentration 1454:1466 the maximum concentration 1442:1466 the maximum concentration for improving or maintaining film properties of the composite films 1442:1534 In the range of concentration of CNC3 tested (1-10 wt%), inclusion of 5 wt% of CNC3 was the maximum concentration for improving or maintaining film properties of the composite films. 26428095 4 60 theme crystallinity 775:787 arg1 index 789:793 crystallinity index 775:793 crystallinity index 775:793 No significant relationship was observed between the sulfate content and crystallinity index of CNCs. 26428095 7 61 theme barrier 1267:1273 arg1 properties 1275:1284 barrier properties 1267:1284 barrier properties 1267:1284 Other performance properties of agar/CNCs composite films such as optical and water vapor barrier properties showed that the CNC3 was more effective filler than the other CNCs. 26428095 1 62 theme acid 184:187 arg1 hydrolysis 189:198 acid hydrolysis 184:198 acid hydrolysis of cotton linter pulp fibers and three different purification methods, i.e., without post purification (CNC1), dialyzed against distilled water (CNC2), 184:350 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were prepared by acid hydrolysis of cotton linter pulp fibers and three different purification methods, i.e., without post purification (CNC1), dialyzed against distilled water (CNC2), and neutralized with NaOH (CNC3), and their effect on film properties was evaluated by preparation of agar/CNCs composite films. 26428095 6 63 theme CNC3 1075:1078 arg1 CNC3 1075:1078 CNC3 1075:1078 CNC3 1075:1078 The tensile strength (TS) of agar film increased by 15% with incorporation of 5 wt% of CNC3, on the contrary, it decreased by 10% and 15% with incorporation of CNC1 and CNC2, respectively. 26428095 6 63 theme CNC3 1075:1078 arg1 % 1070:1070 5 wt% 1066:1070 5 wt% of CNC3 1066:1078 The tensile strength (TS) of agar film increased by 15% with incorporation of 5 wt% of CNC3, on the contrary, it decreased by 10% and 15% with incorporation of CNC1 and CNC2, respectively. 26428095 7 64 theme water 1255:1259 arg1 vapor 1261:1265 water vapor 1255:1265 water vapor 1255:1265 Other performance properties of agar/CNCs composite films such as optical and water vapor barrier properties showed that the CNC3 was more effective filler than the other CNCs. 26428095 3 65 theme cellulose 685:693 arg1 fiber 695:699 cotton linter cellulose fiber 671:699 cotton linter cellulose fiber 671:699 FTIR result indicated that there was no distinctive differences in the chemical structure between CNCs and cotton linter cellulose fiber. 26428095 3 66 theme cotton 671:676 arg1 fiber 695:699 cotton linter cellulose fiber 671:699 cotton linter cellulose fiber 671:699 FTIR result indicated that there was no distinctive differences in the chemical structure between CNCs and cotton linter cellulose fiber. 26428095 8 67 theme films 1530:1534 arg1 properties 1502:1511 film properties 1497:1511 film properties of the composite films 1497:1534 In the range of concentration of CNC3 tested (1-10 wt%), inclusion of 5 wt% of CNC3 was the maximum concentration for improving or maintaining film properties of the composite films. 26428095 1 68 theme linter 210:215 arg1 fibers 222:227 cotton linter pulp fibers 203:227 cotton linter pulp fibers 203:227 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were prepared by acid hydrolysis of cotton linter pulp fibers and three different purification methods, i.e., without post purification (CNC1), dialyzed against distilled water (CNC2), and neutralized with NaOH (CNC3), and their effect on film properties was evaluated by preparation of agar/CNCs composite films. 26428095 7 69 theme composite 1219:1227 arg1 films 1229:1233 agar/CNCs composite films 1209:1233 agar/CNCs composite films such as optical and water vapor barrier properties 1209:1284 Other performance properties of agar/CNCs composite films such as optical and water vapor barrier properties showed that the CNC3 was more effective filler than the other CNCs. 26428095 7 69 theme composite 1219:1227 arg1 optical 1243:1249 optical 1243:1249 optical 1243:1249 Other performance properties of agar/CNCs composite films such as optical and water vapor barrier properties showed that the CNC3 was more effective filler than the other CNCs. 26428095 7 69 theme composite 1219:1227 arg1 vapor 1261:1265 water vapor 1255:1265 water vapor 1255:1265 Other performance properties of agar/CNCs composite films such as optical and water vapor barrier properties showed that the CNC3 was more effective filler than the other CNCs. 26428095 1 70 theme Cellulose 137:145 arg1 CNCs 161:164 CNCs 161:164 CNCs 161:164 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were prepared by acid hydrolysis of cotton linter pulp fibers and three different purification methods, i.e., without post purification (CNC1), dialyzed against distilled water (CNC2), and neutralized with NaOH (CNC3), and their effect on film properties was evaluated by preparation of agar/CNCs composite films. 26428095 1 70 theme Cellulose 137:145 arg1 nanocrystals 147:158 Cellulose nanocrystals 137:158 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 137:165 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were prepared by acid hydrolysis of cotton linter pulp fibers and three different purification methods, i.e., without post purification (CNC1), dialyzed against distilled water (CNC2), and neutralized with NaOH (CNC3), and their effect on film properties was evaluated by preparation of agar/CNCs composite films. 26428095 5 71 theme thermal 827:833 arg1 stability 835:843 higher thermal stability 820:843 higher thermal stability 820:843 The CNC3 showed higher thermal stability than the other type of CNCs due to the less adverse effect on the thermal stability of sulfate groups induced by the neutralization with NaOH. 26428095 0 72 theme nanocrystals 71:82 arg1 post-treatments 10:24 post-treatments 10:24 post-treatments 10:24 Effect of post-treatments and concentration of cotton linter cellulose nanocrystals on the properties of agar-based nanocomposite films. 26428095 0 72 theme nanocrystals 71:82 arg1 concentration 30:42 concentration 30:42 concentration 30:42 Effect of post-treatments and concentration of cotton linter cellulose nanocrystals on the properties of agar-based nanocomposite films. 26428095 5 73 theme higher 820:825 arg1 stability 835:843 higher thermal stability 820:843 higher thermal stability 820:843 The CNC3 showed higher thermal stability than the other type of CNCs due to the less adverse effect on the thermal stability of sulfate groups induced by the neutralization with NaOH. 26428095 7 74 theme performance 1183:1193 arg1 properties 1195:1204 Other performance properties 1177:1204 Other performance properties of agar/CNCs composite films such as optical and water vapor barrier properties 1177:1284 Other performance properties of agar/CNCs composite films such as optical and water vapor barrier properties showed that the CNC3 was more effective filler than the other CNCs. 26428095 9 75 theme acid 1559:1562 arg1 cellulose 1575:1583 acid hydrolyzed cellulose 1559:1583 acid hydrolyzed cellulose using NaOH 1559:1594 The neutralization of acid hydrolyzed cellulose using NaOH was simple and convenient for the preparation of CNC and bionanocomposite films. 26428095 9 76 theme cellulose 1575:1583 arg1 neutralization 1541:1554 The neutralization 1537:1554 The neutralization of acid hydrolyzed cellulose using NaOH 1537:1594 The neutralization of acid hydrolyzed cellulose using NaOH was simple and convenient for the preparation of CNC and bionanocomposite films. 26428095 9 76 theme cellulose 1575:1583 arg1 simple 1600:1605 simple 1600:1605 simple 1600:1605 The neutralization of acid hydrolyzed cellulose using NaOH was simple and convenient for the preparation of CNC and bionanocomposite films. 26428095 0 77 theme nanocomposite 116:128 arg1 films 130:134 agar-based nanocomposite films 105:134 agar-based nanocomposite films 105:134 Effect of post-treatments and concentration of cotton linter cellulose nanocrystals on the properties of agar-based nanocomposite films. 26428095 1 78 theme cotton 203:208 arg1 fibers 222:227 cotton linter pulp fibers 203:227 cotton linter pulp fibers 203:227 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were prepared by acid hydrolysis of cotton linter pulp fibers and three different purification methods, i.e., without post purification (CNC1), dialyzed against distilled water (CNC2), and neutralized with NaOH (CNC3), and their effect on film properties was evaluated by preparation of agar/CNCs composite films. 26428095 2 79 with rod 499:501 arg1 length 542:547 length 542:547 length of 210-480 nm 542:561 All the CNCs were rod in shape with diameter of 15-50 nm and length of 210-480 nm. 26428095 2 79 with rod 499:501 arg1 diameter 517:524 diameter 517:524 diameter of 15-50 nm 517:536 All the CNCs were rod in shape with diameter of 15-50 nm and length of 210-480 nm. 26428095 5 80 theme CNCs 868:871 arg1 type 860:863 the other type 850:863 the other type of CNCs due to the less adverse effect on the thermal stability of sulfate groups induced by the neutralization with NaOH 850:985 The CNC3 showed higher thermal stability than the other type of CNCs due to the less adverse effect on the thermal stability of sulfate groups induced by the neutralization with NaOH. 26428095 8 81 from concentration 1454:1466 arg1 range 1361:1365 the range 1357:1365 the range of concentration of CNC3 tested (1-10 wt%) 1357:1408 In the range of concentration of CNC3 tested (1-10 wt%), inclusion of 5 wt% of CNC3 was the maximum concentration for improving or maintaining film properties of the composite films. 26428095 5 82 theme sulfate 932:938 arg1 groups 940:945 sulfate groups 932:945 sulfate groups induced by the neutralization with NaOH 932:985 The CNC3 showed higher thermal stability than the other type of CNCs due to the less adverse effect on the thermal stability of sulfate groups induced by the neutralization with NaOH. 26428095 0 83 theme linter 54:59 arg1 nanocrystals 71:82 cotton linter cellulose nanocrystals 47:82 cotton linter cellulose nanocrystals 47:82 Effect of post-treatments and concentration of cotton linter cellulose nanocrystals on the properties of agar-based nanocomposite films. 26428095 6 84 theme film 1022:1025 arg1 TS 1010:1011 TS 1010:1011 TS 1010:1011 The tensile strength (TS) of agar film increased by 15% with incorporation of 5 wt% of CNC3, on the contrary, it decreased by 10% and 15% with incorporation of CNC1 and CNC2, respectively. 26428095 6 84 theme film 1022:1025 arg1 strength 1000:1007 The tensile strength 988:1007 The tensile strength (TS) of agar film 988:1025 The tensile strength (TS) of agar film increased by 15% with incorporation of 5 wt% of CNC3, on the contrary, it decreased by 10% and 15% with incorporation of CNC1 and CNC2, respectively. 26428095 1 85 theme composite 464:472 arg1 films 474:478 agar/CNCs composite films 454:478 agar/CNCs composite films 454:478 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were prepared by acid hydrolysis of cotton linter pulp fibers and three different purification methods, i.e., without post purification (CNC1), dialyzed against distilled water (CNC2), and neutralized with NaOH (CNC3), and their effect on film properties was evaluated by preparation of agar/CNCs composite films. 26428095 8 86 theme maximum 1446:1452 arg1 inclusion 1411:1419 inclusion 1411:1419 inclusion of 5 wt% of CNC3 1411:1436 In the range of concentration of CNC3 tested (1-10 wt%), inclusion of 5 wt% of CNC3 was the maximum concentration for improving or maintaining film properties of the composite films. 26428095 8 86 theme maximum 1446:1452 arg1 concentration 1454:1466 the maximum concentration 1442:1466 the maximum concentration for improving or maintaining film properties of the composite films 1442:1534 In the range of concentration of CNC3 tested (1-10 wt%), inclusion of 5 wt% of CNC3 was the maximum concentration for improving or maintaining film properties of the composite films. 26428095 7 87 theme other 1342:1346 arg1 CNCs 1348:1351 the other CNCs 1338:1351 the other CNCs 1338:1351 Other performance properties of agar/CNCs composite films such as optical and water vapor barrier properties showed that the CNC3 was more effective filler than the other CNCs. 26428095 1 88 from effect 396:401 arg1 properties 411:420 film properties 406:420 film properties 406:420 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were prepared by acid hydrolysis of cotton linter pulp fibers and three different purification methods, i.e., without post purification (CNC1), dialyzed against distilled water (CNC2), and neutralized with NaOH (CNC3), and their effect on film properties was evaluated by preparation of agar/CNCs composite films. 26428095 9 89 theme films 1670:1674 arg1 preparation 1630:1640 the preparation 1626:1640 the preparation of CNC and bionanocomposite films 1626:1674 The neutralization of acid hydrolyzed cellulose using NaOH was simple and convenient for the preparation of CNC and bionanocomposite films. 26428095 2 90 from rod 499:501 arg1 shape 506:510 shape 506:510 shape 506:510 All the CNCs were rod in shape with diameter of 15-50 nm and length of 210-480 nm. 26428095 5 91 from effect 897:902 arg1 stability 919:927 the thermal stability 907:927 the thermal stability of sulfate groups induced by the neutralization with NaOH 907:985 The CNC3 showed higher thermal stability than the other type of CNCs due to the less adverse effect on the thermal stability of sulfate groups induced by the neutralization with NaOH. 26428095 1 92 theme different 239:247 arg1 methods 262:268 three different purification methods 233:268 three different purification methods 233:268 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were prepared by acid hydrolysis of cotton linter pulp fibers and three different purification methods, i.e., without post purification (CNC1), dialyzed against distilled water (CNC2), and neutralized with NaOH (CNC3), and their effect on film properties was evaluated by preparation of agar/CNCs composite films. 29171231 6 0 theme anti-angiotensin 1097:1112 arg1 effect 1132:1137 potent anti-angiotensin converting enzyme effect 1090:1137 potent anti-angiotensin converting enzyme effect 1090:1137 GLP-1-1 showed potent anti-angiotensin converting enzyme effect with the IC₅₀of (113.4±8.6) mg•L⁻¹. 29171231 3 1 theme Superdex-75 550:560 arg1 permeation 566:575 Superdex-75 gel permeation 550:575 Superdex-75 gel permeation 550:575 The retentate of the fractions above 1 000 was lyophilized to obtain GLP, which was then successively separated by DEAE Sepharose fast flow anion-exchange and Superdex-75 gel permeation chromatographic steps to achieve GLP-1-1. 29171231 3 2 theme gel 562:564 arg1 permeation 566:575 Superdex-75 gel permeation 550:575 Superdex-75 gel permeation 550:575 The retentate of the fractions above 1 000 was lyophilized to obtain GLP, which was then successively separated by DEAE Sepharose fast flow anion-exchange and Superdex-75 gel permeation chromatographic steps to achieve GLP-1-1. 29171231 4 3 theme HPGPC 636:640 arg1 activity 704:711 ACE inhibitory activity 689:711 ACE inhibitory activity 689:711 A combination of HPGPC, monosaccharide compositions determination and ACE inhibitory activity studies was performed to investigate the structure and bioactivity. 29171231 4 3 theme HPGPC 636:640 arg1 combination 621:631 A combination 619:631 A combination of HPGPC, monosaccharide compositions determination 619:683 A combination of HPGPC, monosaccharide compositions determination and ACE inhibitory activity studies was performed to investigate the structure and bioactivity. 29171231 3 4 theme fractions 412:420 arg1 retentate 395:403 The retentate 391:403 The retentate of the fractions above 1 000 391:432 The retentate of the fractions above 1 000 was lyophilized to obtain GLP, which was then successively separated by DEAE Sepharose fast flow anion-exchange and Superdex-75 gel permeation chromatographic steps to achieve GLP-1-1. 29171231 5 5 theme converting 825:834 arg1 GLP-1-1 860:866 GLP-1-1 860:866 GLP-1-1 860:866 The results showed that an anti-angiotensin converting enzyme oligosaccharide, GLP-1-1, was obtained from Trichosanthis Pericarpium based on activity tracking, whose average molecular weight was estimated to 1 367; mainly composed of arabinose, mannose, and glucose at a ratio of 0.2∶4.3∶10.0. 29171231 5 5 theme converting 825:834 arg1 oligosaccharide 843:857 an anti-angiotensin converting enzyme oligosaccharide 805:857 an anti-angiotensin converting enzyme oligosaccharide 805:857 The results showed that an anti-angiotensin converting enzyme oligosaccharide, GLP-1-1, was obtained from Trichosanthis Pericarpium based on activity tracking, whose average molecular weight was estimated to 1 367; mainly composed of arabinose, mannose, and glucose at a ratio of 0.2∶4.3∶10.0. 29171231 7 6 theme substance 1340:1348 arg1 study 1356:1360 the substance basis study 1336:1360 the substance basis study of Trichosanthis Pericarpium 1336:1389 In this study, an oligosaccharide with anti-angiotensin converting enzyme effect was isolated from Trichosanthis Pericarpium, which could lay the foundation for the substance basis study of Trichosanthis Pericarpium. 29171231 7 7 with oligosaccharide 1193:1207 arg1 effect 1249:1254 anti-angiotensin converting enzyme effect 1214:1254 anti-angiotensin converting enzyme effect 1214:1254 In this study, an oligosaccharide with anti-angiotensin converting enzyme effect was isolated from Trichosanthis Pericarpium, which could lay the foundation for the substance basis study of Trichosanthis Pericarpium. 29171231 4 8 theme monosaccharide 643:656 arg1 HPGPC 636:640 HPGPC 636:640 HPGPC 636:640 A combination of HPGPC, monosaccharide compositions determination and ACE inhibitory activity studies was performed to investigate the structure and bioactivity. 29171231 4 8 theme monosaccharide 643:656 arg1 compositions 658:669 monosaccharide compositions 643:669 monosaccharide compositions 643:669 A combination of HPGPC, monosaccharide compositions determination and ACE inhibitory activity studies was performed to investigate the structure and bioactivity. 29171231 5 9 theme enzyme 836:841 arg1 GLP-1-1 860:866 GLP-1-1 860:866 GLP-1-1 860:866 The results showed that an anti-angiotensin converting enzyme oligosaccharide, GLP-1-1, was obtained from Trichosanthis Pericarpium based on activity tracking, whose average molecular weight was estimated to 1 367; mainly composed of arabinose, mannose, and glucose at a ratio of 0.2∶4.3∶10.0. 29171231 5 9 theme enzyme 836:841 arg1 oligosaccharide 843:857 an anti-angiotensin converting enzyme oligosaccharide 805:857 an anti-angiotensin converting enzyme oligosaccharide 805:857 The results showed that an anti-angiotensin converting enzyme oligosaccharide, GLP-1-1, was obtained from Trichosanthis Pericarpium based on activity tracking, whose average molecular weight was estimated to 1 367; mainly composed of arabinose, mannose, and glucose at a ratio of 0.2∶4.3∶10.0. 29171231 4 10 dep combination 621:631 arg1 studies 713:719 studies 713:719 studies 713:719 A combination of HPGPC, monosaccharide compositions determination and ACE inhibitory activity studies was performed to investigate the structure and bioactivity. 29171231 3 11 dep anion-exchange 531:544 arg1 steps 593:597 chromatographic steps 577:597 chromatographic steps 577:597 The retentate of the fractions above 1 000 was lyophilized to obtain GLP, which was then successively separated by DEAE Sepharose fast flow anion-exchange and Superdex-75 gel permeation chromatographic steps to achieve GLP-1-1. 29171231 7 12 theme converting 1231:1240 arg1 enzyme 1242:1247 anti-angiotensin converting enzyme 1214:1247 anti-angiotensin converting enzyme effect 1214:1254 In this study, an oligosaccharide with anti-angiotensin converting enzyme effect was isolated from Trichosanthis Pericarpium, which could lay the foundation for the substance basis study of Trichosanthis Pericarpium. 29171231 7 13 theme enzyme 1242:1247 arg1 effect 1249:1254 anti-angiotensin converting enzyme effect 1214:1254 anti-angiotensin converting enzyme effect 1214:1254 In this study, an oligosaccharide with anti-angiotensin converting enzyme effect was isolated from Trichosanthis Pericarpium, which could lay the foundation for the substance basis study of Trichosanthis Pericarpium. 29171231 0 14 theme [Bioactivity-guided 0:18 arg1 isolation 20:28 [Bioactivity-guided isolation 0:28 [Bioactivity-guided isolation of anti-angiotensin converting enzyme constituents from Trichosanthis Pericarpium 0:110 [Bioactivity-guided isolation of anti-angiotensin converting enzyme constituents from Trichosanthis Pericarpium]. 29171231 7 15 attach isolated 1260:1267 arg1 Pericarpium 1288:1298 Pericarpium 1288:1298 Pericarpium 1288:1298 In this study, an oligosaccharide with anti-angiotensin converting enzyme effect was isolated from Trichosanthis Pericarpium, which could lay the foundation for the substance basis study of Trichosanthis Pericarpium. 29171231 7 15 attach isolated 1260:1267 arg2 oligosaccharide 1193:1207 an oligosaccharide 1190:1207 an oligosaccharide with anti-angiotensin converting enzyme effect 1190:1254 In this study, an oligosaccharide with anti-angiotensin converting enzyme effect was isolated from Trichosanthis Pericarpium, which could lay the foundation for the substance basis study of Trichosanthis Pericarpium. 29171231 1 16 theme bioactivity-guided 223:240 arg1 separation 242:251 bioactivity-guided separation 223:251 bioactivity-guided separation 223:251 To isolate the anti-angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) constituents from Trichosanthis Pericarpium based on bioactivity-guided separation. 29171231 0 17 theme anti-angiotensin 33:48 arg1 constituents 68:79 anti-angiotensin converting enzyme constituents 33:79 anti-angiotensin converting enzyme constituents 33:79 [Bioactivity-guided isolation of anti-angiotensin converting enzyme constituents from Trichosanthis Pericarpium]. 29171231 5 18 dep 1 989:989 arg1 367 991:993 367 991:993 367 991:993 The results showed that an anti-angiotensin converting enzyme oligosaccharide, GLP-1-1, was obtained from Trichosanthis Pericarpium based on activity tracking, whose average molecular weight was estimated to 1 367; mainly composed of arabinose, mannose, and glucose at a ratio of 0.2∶4.3∶10.0. 29171231 6 19 theme IC₅₀of 1148:1153 arg1 mg•L⁻¹ 1167:1172 the IC₅₀of (113.4±8.6) mg•L⁻¹ 1144:1172 the IC₅₀of (113.4±8.6) mg•L⁻¹ 1144:1172 GLP-1-1 showed potent anti-angiotensin converting enzyme effect with the IC₅₀of (113.4±8.6) mg•L⁻¹. 29171231 1 20 theme anti-angiotensin 129:144 arg1 ACE 165:167 ACE 165:167 ACE 165:167 To isolate the anti-angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) constituents from Trichosanthis Pericarpium based on bioactivity-guided separation. 29171231 1 20 theme anti-angiotensin 129:144 arg1 enzyme 157:162 anti-angiotensin converting enzyme 129:162 the anti-angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) constituents from Trichosanthis Pericarpium based on bioactivity-guided separation 125:251 To isolate the anti-angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) constituents from Trichosanthis Pericarpium based on bioactivity-guided separation. 29171231 0 21 theme enzyme 61:66 arg1 constituents 68:79 anti-angiotensin converting enzyme constituents 33:79 anti-angiotensin converting enzyme constituents 33:79 [Bioactivity-guided isolation of anti-angiotensin converting enzyme constituents from Trichosanthis Pericarpium]. 29171231 5 22 theme average 947:953 arg1 weight 965:970 weight 965:970 weight 965:970 The results showed that an anti-angiotensin converting enzyme oligosaccharide, GLP-1-1, was obtained from Trichosanthis Pericarpium based on activity tracking, whose average molecular weight was estimated to 1 367; mainly composed of arabinose, mannose, and glucose at a ratio of 0.2∶4.3∶10.0. 29171231 0 23 theme converting 50:59 arg1 constituents 68:79 anti-angiotensin converting enzyme constituents 33:79 anti-angiotensin converting enzyme constituents 33:79 [Bioactivity-guided isolation of anti-angiotensin converting enzyme constituents from Trichosanthis Pericarpium]. 29171231 0 24 from Pericarpium 100:110 arg1 isolation 20:28 [Bioactivity-guided isolation 0:28 [Bioactivity-guided isolation of anti-angiotensin converting enzyme constituents from Trichosanthis Pericarpium 0:110 [Bioactivity-guided isolation of anti-angiotensin converting enzyme constituents from Trichosanthis Pericarpium]. 29171231 5 25 theme activity 922:929 arg1 tracking 931:938 activity tracking 922:938 activity tracking 922:938 The results showed that an anti-angiotensin converting enzyme oligosaccharide, GLP-1-1, was obtained from Trichosanthis Pericarpium based on activity tracking, whose average molecular weight was estimated to 1 367; mainly composed of arabinose, mannose, and glucose at a ratio of 0.2∶4.3∶10.0. 29171231 5 26 theme molecular 955:963 arg1 weight 965:970 weight 965:970 weight 965:970 The results showed that an anti-angiotensin converting enzyme oligosaccharide, GLP-1-1, was obtained from Trichosanthis Pericarpium based on activity tracking, whose average molecular weight was estimated to 1 367; mainly composed of arabinose, mannose, and glucose at a ratio of 0.2∶4.3∶10.0. 29171231 7 27 theme anti-angiotensin 1214:1229 arg1 enzyme 1242:1247 anti-angiotensin converting enzyme 1214:1247 anti-angiotensin converting enzyme effect 1214:1254 In this study, an oligosaccharide with anti-angiotensin converting enzyme effect was isolated from Trichosanthis Pericarpium, which could lay the foundation for the substance basis study of Trichosanthis Pericarpium. 29171231 5 28 theme anti-angiotensin 808:823 arg1 GLP-1-1 860:866 GLP-1-1 860:866 GLP-1-1 860:866 The results showed that an anti-angiotensin converting enzyme oligosaccharide, GLP-1-1, was obtained from Trichosanthis Pericarpium based on activity tracking, whose average molecular weight was estimated to 1 367; mainly composed of arabinose, mannose, and glucose at a ratio of 0.2∶4.3∶10.0. 29171231 5 28 theme anti-angiotensin 808:823 arg1 oligosaccharide 843:857 an anti-angiotensin converting enzyme oligosaccharide 805:857 an anti-angiotensin converting enzyme oligosaccharide 805:857 The results showed that an anti-angiotensin converting enzyme oligosaccharide, GLP-1-1, was obtained from Trichosanthis Pericarpium based on activity tracking, whose average molecular weight was estimated to 1 367; mainly composed of arabinose, mannose, and glucose at a ratio of 0.2∶4.3∶10.0. 29171231 4 29 dep HPGPC 636:640 arg1 determination 671:683 determination 671:683 determination 671:683 A combination of HPGPC, monosaccharide compositions determination and ACE inhibitory activity studies was performed to investigate the structure and bioactivity. 29171231 1 30 theme converting 146:155 arg1 ACE 165:167 ACE 165:167 ACE 165:167 To isolate the anti-angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) constituents from Trichosanthis Pericarpium based on bioactivity-guided separation. 29171231 1 30 theme converting 146:155 arg1 enzyme 157:162 anti-angiotensin converting enzyme 129:162 the anti-angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) constituents from Trichosanthis Pericarpium based on bioactivity-guided separation 125:251 To isolate the anti-angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) constituents from Trichosanthis Pericarpium based on bioactivity-guided separation. 29171231 0 31 theme constituents 68:79 arg1 isolation 20:28 [Bioactivity-guided isolation 0:28 [Bioactivity-guided isolation of anti-angiotensin converting enzyme constituents from Trichosanthis Pericarpium 0:110 [Bioactivity-guided isolation of anti-angiotensin converting enzyme constituents from Trichosanthis Pericarpium]. 29171231 7 32 theme Pericarpium 1379:1389 arg1 study 1356:1360 the substance basis study 1336:1360 the substance basis study of Trichosanthis Pericarpium 1336:1389 In this study, an oligosaccharide with anti-angiotensin converting enzyme effect was isolated from Trichosanthis Pericarpium, which could lay the foundation for the substance basis study of Trichosanthis Pericarpium. 29171231 1 33 theme enzyme 157:162 arg1 constituents 170:181 the anti-angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) constituents 125:181 the anti-angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) constituents from Trichosanthis Pericarpium based on bioactivity-guided separation 125:251 To isolate the anti-angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) constituents from Trichosanthis Pericarpium based on bioactivity-guided separation. 29171231 2 34 theme Trichosanthis 254:266 arg1 Pericarpium 268:278 Trichosanthis Pericarpium 254:278 Trichosanthis Pericarpium 254:278 Trichosanthis Pericarpium was extracted with boiling water and precipitated by ethanol, then its supernatant was collected and dialyzed. 29171231 5 35 theme 0.2∶4.3∶10.0 1061:1072 arg1 ratio 1052:1056 a ratio 1050:1056 a ratio of 0.2∶4.3∶10.0 1050:1072 The results showed that an anti-angiotensin converting enzyme oligosaccharide, GLP-1-1, was obtained from Trichosanthis Pericarpium based on activity tracking, whose average molecular weight was estimated to 1 367; mainly composed of arabinose, mannose, and glucose at a ratio of 0.2∶4.3∶10.0. 29171231 6 36 theme enzyme 1125:1130 arg1 effect 1132:1137 potent anti-angiotensin converting enzyme effect 1090:1137 potent anti-angiotensin converting enzyme effect 1090:1137 GLP-1-1 showed potent anti-angiotensin converting enzyme effect with the IC₅₀of (113.4±8.6) mg•L⁻¹. 29171231 6 37 theme converting 1114:1123 arg1 effect 1132:1137 potent anti-angiotensin converting enzyme effect 1090:1137 potent anti-angiotensin converting enzyme effect 1090:1137 GLP-1-1 showed potent anti-angiotensin converting enzyme effect with the IC₅₀of (113.4±8.6) mg•L⁻¹. 29171231 7 38 theme basis 1350:1354 arg1 study 1356:1360 the substance basis study 1336:1360 the substance basis study of Trichosanthis Pericarpium 1336:1389 In this study, an oligosaccharide with anti-angiotensin converting enzyme effect was isolated from Trichosanthis Pericarpium, which could lay the foundation for the substance basis study of Trichosanthis Pericarpium. 29171231 4 39 theme inhibitory 693:702 arg1 activity 704:711 ACE inhibitory activity 689:711 ACE inhibitory activity 689:711 A combination of HPGPC, monosaccharide compositions determination and ACE inhibitory activity studies was performed to investigate the structure and bioactivity. 29171231 6 40 theme potent 1090:1095 arg1 effect 1132:1137 potent anti-angiotensin converting enzyme effect 1090:1137 potent anti-angiotensin converting enzyme effect 1090:1137 GLP-1-1 showed potent anti-angiotensin converting enzyme effect with the IC₅₀of (113.4±8.6) mg•L⁻¹. 29171231 1 41 from Pericarpium 202:212 arg1 constituents 170:181 the anti-angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) constituents 125:181 the anti-angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) constituents from Trichosanthis Pericarpium based on bioactivity-guided separation 125:251 To isolate the anti-angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) constituents from Trichosanthis Pericarpium based on bioactivity-guided separation. 29171231 3 42 theme chromatographic 577:591 arg1 steps 593:597 chromatographic steps 577:597 chromatographic steps 577:597 The retentate of the fractions above 1 000 was lyophilized to obtain GLP, which was then successively separated by DEAE Sepharose fast flow anion-exchange and Superdex-75 gel permeation chromatographic steps to achieve GLP-1-1. 29171231 5 43 from ratio 1052:1056 arg1 mannose 1026:1032 mannose 1026:1032 mannose 1026:1032 The results showed that an anti-angiotensin converting enzyme oligosaccharide, GLP-1-1, was obtained from Trichosanthis Pericarpium based on activity tracking, whose average molecular weight was estimated to 1 367; mainly composed of arabinose, mannose, and glucose at a ratio of 0.2∶4.3∶10.0. 29171231 5 43 from ratio 1052:1056 arg1 glucose 1039:1045 glucose 1039:1045 glucose 1039:1045 The results showed that an anti-angiotensin converting enzyme oligosaccharide, GLP-1-1, was obtained from Trichosanthis Pericarpium based on activity tracking, whose average molecular weight was estimated to 1 367; mainly composed of arabinose, mannose, and glucose at a ratio of 0.2∶4.3∶10.0. 29171231 5 43 from ratio 1052:1056 arg1 arabinose 1015:1023 arabinose 1015:1023 arabinose 1015:1023 The results showed that an anti-angiotensin converting enzyme oligosaccharide, GLP-1-1, was obtained from Trichosanthis Pericarpium based on activity tracking, whose average molecular weight was estimated to 1 367; mainly composed of arabinose, mannose, and glucose at a ratio of 0.2∶4.3∶10.0. 29171231 4 44 theme ACE 689:691 arg1 activity 704:711 ACE inhibitory activity 689:711 ACE inhibitory activity 689:711 A combination of HPGPC, monosaccharide compositions determination and ACE inhibitory activity studies was performed to investigate the structure and bioactivity. 29295755 9 0 theme sialic 1620:1625 arg1 galactose 1654:1662 less terminal α2,3-linked sialic acid, lactosamine, fucose, galactose, and internal N-acetylglucosamine residues 1594:1705 galactose 1654:1662 The mucous cells in the intermediate zone lacked Galβ1,3GalNAc and showed less terminal α2,3-linked sialic acid, lactosamine, fucose, galactose, and internal N-acetylglucosamine residues. 29295755 7 1 gly glycoproteins 927:939 arg1 glycoproteins 927:939 only neutral glycoproteins 914:939 i) only neutral glycoproteins in the basal zone; ii) both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans as well as only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates in the intermediate zone; iii) neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates in the apical zone 911:1162 Conventional histochemistry showed that the mucous cells contained i) only neutral glycoproteins in the basal zone; ii) both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans as well as only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates in the intermediate zone; iii) neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates in the apical zone. 29295755 1 2 theme urogenital 269:278 arg1 UP 289:290 UP 289:290 UP 289:290 Blackbelly rosefish Helicolenus dactylopterus is a zygoparous fish whose males are equipped with the copulating organ named urogenital papilla (UP). 29295755 1 2 theme urogenital 269:278 arg1 papilla 280:286 urogenital papilla 269:286 urogenital papilla (UP) 269:291 Blackbelly rosefish Helicolenus dactylopterus is a zygoparous fish whose males are equipped with the copulating organ named urogenital papilla (UP). 29295755 8 3 from cells 1176:1180 arg1 region 1195:1200 the basal region 1185:1200 the basal region 1185:1200 The mucous cells in the basal region expressed O-linked (mucin type) glycans terminating with αGalNAc, Galβ1,3GalNAc which could be α2,3-linked to sialic acid, and high mannose type N-linked glycans terminating with fucose, lactosamine, and sialic α2,6-linked to galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine; terminal Gal and terminal/internal GlcNAc were also found. 29295755 8 4 theme basal 1189:1193 arg1 region 1195:1200 the basal region 1185:1200 the basal region 1185:1200 The mucous cells in the basal region expressed O-linked (mucin type) glycans terminating with αGalNAc, Galβ1,3GalNAc which could be α2,3-linked to sialic acid, and high mannose type N-linked glycans terminating with fucose, lactosamine, and sialic α2,6-linked to galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine; terminal Gal and terminal/internal GlcNAc were also found. 29295755 10 5 theme apical 1715:1720 arg1 region 1722:1727 the apical region 1711:1727 the apical region 1711:1727 In the apical region, mucous cells only exhibited O-glycans terminating with GalNAc and N-acetylglucosamine. 29295755 7 6 contain contained 901:909 arg2 glycoproteins 927:939 only neutral glycoproteins 914:939 i) only neutral glycoproteins in the basal zone; ii) both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans as well as only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates in the intermediate zone; iii) neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates in the apical zone 911:1162 Conventional histochemistry showed that the mucous cells contained i) only neutral glycoproteins in the basal zone; ii) both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans as well as only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates in the intermediate zone; iii) neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates in the apical zone. 29295755 7 6 contain contained 901:909 arg1 cells 895:899 the mucous cells 884:899 the mucous cells 884:899 Conventional histochemistry showed that the mucous cells contained i) only neutral glycoproteins in the basal zone; ii) both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans as well as only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates in the intermediate zone; iii) neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates in the apical zone. 29295755 7 7 theme acidic 1026:1031 arg1 glycoconjugates 1060:1074 only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates 1021:1074 i) only neutral glycoproteins in the basal zone; ii) both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans as well as only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates in the intermediate zone; iii) neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates in the apical zone 911:1162 Conventional histochemistry showed that the mucous cells contained i) only neutral glycoproteins in the basal zone; ii) both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans as well as only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates in the intermediate zone; iii) neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates in the apical zone. 29295755 8 8 theme mucous 1169:1174 arg1 cells 1176:1180 The mucous cells 1165:1180 The mucous cells in the basal region 1165:1200 The mucous cells in the basal region expressed O-linked (mucin type) glycans terminating with αGalNAc, Galβ1,3GalNAc which could be α2,3-linked to sialic acid, and high mannose type N-linked glycans terminating with fucose, lactosamine, and sialic α2,6-linked to galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine; terminal Gal and terminal/internal GlcNAc were also found. 29295755 9 9 theme internal 1669:1676 arg1 residues 1698:1705 less terminal α2,3-linked sialic acid, lactosamine, fucose, galactose, and internal N-acetylglucosamine residues 1594:1705 residues 1698:1705 The mucous cells in the intermediate zone lacked Galβ1,3GalNAc and showed less terminal α2,3-linked sialic acid, lactosamine, fucose, galactose, and internal N-acetylglucosamine residues. 29295755 8 10 theme type 1228:1231 arg1 glycans 1234:1240 O-linked (mucin type) glycans 1212:1240 O-linked (mucin type) glycans terminating with αGalNAc, Galβ1,3GalNAc which could be α2,3-linked to sialic acid, 1212:1323 The mucous cells in the basal region expressed O-linked (mucin type) glycans terminating with αGalNAc, Galβ1,3GalNAc which could be α2,3-linked to sialic acid, and high mannose type N-linked glycans terminating with fucose, lactosamine, and sialic α2,6-linked to galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine; terminal Gal and terminal/internal GlcNAc were also found. 29295755 7 11 theme neutral 969:975 arg1 glycans 1002:1008 both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans 964:1008 i) only neutral glycoproteins in the basal zone; ii) both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans as well as only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates in the intermediate zone; iii) neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates in the apical zone 911:1162 Conventional histochemistry showed that the mucous cells contained i) only neutral glycoproteins in the basal zone; ii) both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans as well as only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates in the intermediate zone; iii) neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates in the apical zone. 29295755 7 12 dep glycoproteins 927:939 arg1 glycans 1002:1008 both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans 964:1008 i) only neutral glycoproteins in the basal zone; ii) both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans as well as only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates in the intermediate zone; iii) neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates in the apical zone 911:1162 Conventional histochemistry showed that the mucous cells contained i) only neutral glycoproteins in the basal zone; ii) both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans as well as only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates in the intermediate zone; iii) neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates in the apical zone. 29295755 7 12 dep glycoproteins 927:939 arg1 glycoconjugates 1060:1074 only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates 1021:1074 i) only neutral glycoproteins in the basal zone; ii) both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans as well as only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates in the intermediate zone; iii) neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates in the apical zone 911:1162 Conventional histochemistry showed that the mucous cells contained i) only neutral glycoproteins in the basal zone; ii) both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans as well as only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates in the intermediate zone; iii) neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates in the apical zone. 29295755 7 12 dep glycoproteins 927:939 arg1 glycoconjugates 1129:1143 neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates 1107:1143 i) only neutral glycoproteins in the basal zone; ii) both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans as well as only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates in the intermediate zone; iii) neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates in the apical zone 911:1162 Conventional histochemistry showed that the mucous cells contained i) only neutral glycoproteins in the basal zone; ii) both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans as well as only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates in the intermediate zone; iii) neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates in the apical zone. 29295755 7 12 dep glycoproteins 927:939 arg1 i 911:911 i 911:911 i 911:911 Conventional histochemistry showed that the mucous cells contained i) only neutral glycoproteins in the basal zone; ii) both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans as well as only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates in the intermediate zone; iii) neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates in the apical zone. 29295755 7 13 theme non-sulphated 988:1000 arg1 glycans 1002:1008 both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans 964:1008 i) only neutral glycoproteins in the basal zone; ii) both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans as well as only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates in the intermediate zone; iii) neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates in the apical zone 911:1162 Conventional histochemistry showed that the mucous cells contained i) only neutral glycoproteins in the basal zone; ii) both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans as well as only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates in the intermediate zone; iii) neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates in the apical zone. 29295755 9 14 from cells 1531:1535 arg1 zone 1557:1560 the intermediate zone 1540:1560 the intermediate zone 1540:1560 The mucous cells in the intermediate zone lacked Galβ1,3GalNAc and showed less terminal α2,3-linked sialic acid, lactosamine, fucose, galactose, and internal N-acetylglucosamine residues. 29295755 11 15 theme fishes 1931:1936 arg1 biology 1920:1926 the reproductive biology 1903:1926 the reproductive biology of fishes with internal fertilization 1903:1964 The demonstrated region-specific differences in the UP skin provide new insights into the reproductive biology of fishes with internal fertilization. 29295755 4 16 theme apical 679:684 arg1 zone 686:689 the apical zone 675:689 the apical zone 675:689 The epidermis was shown to be a stratified cuboidal epithelium and to exhibit characteristic intraepithelial pits in the apical zone. 29295755 0 17 theme papilla 60:66 arg1 skin 68:71 the urogenital papilla skin 45:71 the urogenital papilla skin of the blackbelly rosefish 45:98 Regional morphology and mucus composition in the urogenital papilla skin of the blackbelly rosefish Helicolenus dactylopterus (Delaroche, 1809). 29295755 7 18 theme basal 948:952 arg1 zone 954:957 the basal zone 944:957 the basal zone 944:957 Conventional histochemistry showed that the mucous cells contained i) only neutral glycoproteins in the basal zone; ii) both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans as well as only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates in the intermediate zone; iii) neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates in the apical zone. 29295755 1 19 theme rosefish 156:163 arg1 fish 207:210 a zygoparous fish 194:210 a zygoparous fish whose males are equipped with the copulating organ named urogenital papilla (UP) 194:291 Blackbelly rosefish Helicolenus dactylopterus is a zygoparous fish whose males are equipped with the copulating organ named urogenital papilla (UP). 29295755 1 19 theme rosefish 156:163 arg1 dactylopterus 177:189 Blackbelly rosefish Helicolenus dactylopterus 145:189 Blackbelly rosefish Helicolenus dactylopterus 145:189 Blackbelly rosefish Helicolenus dactylopterus is a zygoparous fish whose males are equipped with the copulating organ named urogenital papilla (UP). 29295755 7 20 dep glycoconjugates 1129:1143 arg1 iii 1102:1104 iii 1102:1104 iii 1102:1104 Conventional histochemistry showed that the mucous cells contained i) only neutral glycoproteins in the basal zone; ii) both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans as well as only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates in the intermediate zone; iii) neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates in the apical zone. 29295755 4 21 theme intraepithelial 651:665 arg1 pits 667:670 characteristic intraepithelial pits 636:670 characteristic intraepithelial pits 636:670 The epidermis was shown to be a stratified cuboidal epithelium and to exhibit characteristic intraepithelial pits in the apical zone. 29295755 0 22 theme blackbelly 80:89 arg1 rosefish 91:98 the blackbelly rosefish 76:98 the blackbelly rosefish 76:98 Regional morphology and mucus composition in the urogenital papilla skin of the blackbelly rosefish Helicolenus dactylopterus (Delaroche, 1809). 29295755 7 23 theme neutral 919:925 arg1 glycoproteins 927:939 only neutral glycoproteins 914:939 i) only neutral glycoproteins in the basal zone; ii) both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans as well as only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates in the intermediate zone; iii) neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates in the apical zone 911:1162 Conventional histochemistry showed that the mucous cells contained i) only neutral glycoproteins in the basal zone; ii) both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans as well as only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates in the intermediate zone; iii) neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates in the apical zone. 29295755 0 24 dep Helicolenus 100:110 arg1 Delaroche 127:135 Delaroche 127:135 Delaroche 127:135 Regional morphology and mucus composition in the urogenital papilla skin of the blackbelly rosefish Helicolenus dactylopterus (Delaroche, 1809). 29295755 0 24 dep Helicolenus 100:110 arg1 morphology 9:18 Regional morphology 0:18 Regional morphology 0:18 Regional morphology and mucus composition in the urogenital papilla skin of the blackbelly rosefish Helicolenus dactylopterus (Delaroche, 1809). 29295755 0 24 dep Helicolenus 100:110 arg1 composition 30:40 mucus composition 24:40 mucus composition 24:40 Regional morphology and mucus composition in the urogenital papilla skin of the blackbelly rosefish Helicolenus dactylopterus (Delaroche, 1809). 29295755 0 24 dep Helicolenus 100:110 arg1 dactylopterus 112:124 Helicolenus dactylopterus (Delaroche, 1809) 100:142 Helicolenus dactylopterus (Delaroche, 1809) 100:142 Regional morphology and mucus composition in the urogenital papilla skin of the blackbelly rosefish Helicolenus dactylopterus (Delaroche, 1809). 29295755 8 25 theme terminal/internal 1478:1494 arg1 GlcNAc 1496:1501 terminal/internal GlcNAc 1478:1501 terminal/internal GlcNAc 1478:1501 The mucous cells in the basal region expressed O-linked (mucin type) glycans terminating with αGalNAc, Galβ1,3GalNAc which could be α2,3-linked to sialic acid, and high mannose type N-linked glycans terminating with fucose, lactosamine, and sialic α2,6-linked to galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine; terminal Gal and terminal/internal GlcNAc were also found. 29295755 7 26 theme apical 1152:1157 arg1 zone 1159:1162 the apical zone 1148:1162 the apical zone 1148:1162 Conventional histochemistry showed that the mucous cells contained i) only neutral glycoproteins in the basal zone; ii) both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans as well as only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates in the intermediate zone; iii) neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates in the apical zone. 29295755 9 27 theme mucous 1524:1529 arg1 cells 1531:1535 The mucous cells 1520:1535 The mucous cells in the intermediate zone 1520:1560 The mucous cells in the intermediate zone lacked Galβ1,3GalNAc and showed less terminal α2,3-linked sialic acid, lactosamine, fucose, galactose, and internal N-acetylglucosamine residues. 29295755 0 28 from composition 30:40 arg1 skin 68:71 the urogenital papilla skin 45:71 the urogenital papilla skin of the blackbelly rosefish 45:98 Regional morphology and mucus composition in the urogenital papilla skin of the blackbelly rosefish Helicolenus dactylopterus (Delaroche, 1809). 29295755 11 29 from differences 1850:1860 arg1 skin 1872:1875 the UP skin 1865:1875 the UP skin 1865:1875 The demonstrated region-specific differences in the UP skin provide new insights into the reproductive biology of fishes with internal fertilization. 29295755 2 30 theme UP 369:370 arg1 epidermis 372:380 the UP epidermis 365:380 the UP epidermis 365:380 This study deals with the morphology and the glycoconjugate pattern of the UP epidermis, which is the male tissue interacting with the female internal body during copulation. 29295755 0 31 theme Regional 0:7 arg1 morphology 9:18 Regional morphology 0:18 Regional morphology 0:18 Regional morphology and mucus composition in the urogenital papilla skin of the blackbelly rosefish Helicolenus dactylopterus (Delaroche, 1809). 29295755 2 32 theme male 396:399 arg1 morphology 320:329 morphology 320:329 morphology 320:329 This study deals with the morphology and the glycoconjugate pattern of the UP epidermis, which is the male tissue interacting with the female internal body during copulation. 29295755 2 32 theme male 396:399 arg1 pattern 354:360 the glycoconjugate pattern 335:360 the glycoconjugate pattern of the UP epidermis 335:380 This study deals with the morphology and the glycoconjugate pattern of the UP epidermis, which is the male tissue interacting with the female internal body during copulation. 29295755 2 32 theme male 396:399 arg1 interacting 408:418 the male tissue interacting 392:418 the male tissue interacting with the female internal body during copulation 392:466 This study deals with the morphology and the glycoconjugate pattern of the UP epidermis, which is the male tissue interacting with the female internal body during copulation. 29295755 7 33 theme sulphated 1119:1127 arg1 glycoconjugates 1129:1143 neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates 1107:1143 i) only neutral glycoproteins in the basal zone; ii) both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans as well as only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates in the intermediate zone; iii) neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates in the apical zone 911:1162 Conventional histochemistry showed that the mucous cells contained i) only neutral glycoproteins in the basal zone; ii) both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans as well as only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates in the intermediate zone; iii) neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates in the apical zone. 29295755 9 34 theme intermediate 1544:1555 arg1 zone 1557:1560 the intermediate zone 1540:1560 the intermediate zone 1540:1560 The mucous cells in the intermediate zone lacked Galβ1,3GalNAc and showed less terminal α2,3-linked sialic acid, lactosamine, fucose, galactose, and internal N-acetylglucosamine residues. 29295755 7 35 from glycoconjugates 1060:1074 arg1 zone 1096:1099 the intermediate zone 1079:1099 the intermediate zone 1079:1099 Conventional histochemistry showed that the mucous cells contained i) only neutral glycoproteins in the basal zone; ii) both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans as well as only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates in the intermediate zone; iii) neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates in the apical zone. 29295755 8 36 theme mannose 1334:1340 arg1 glycans 1356:1362 high mannose type N-linked glycans 1329:1362 high mannose type N-linked glycans terminating with fucose, lactosamine, and sialic α2,6-linked to galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine 1329:1458 The mucous cells in the basal region expressed O-linked (mucin type) glycans terminating with αGalNAc, Galβ1,3GalNAc which could be α2,3-linked to sialic acid, and high mannose type N-linked glycans terminating with fucose, lactosamine, and sialic α2,6-linked to galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine; terminal Gal and terminal/internal GlcNAc were also found. 29295755 9 37 dep galactose 1654:1662 arg1 fucose 1646:1651 less terminal α2,3-linked sialic acid, lactosamine, fucose, galactose, and internal N-acetylglucosamine residues 1594:1705 fucose 1646:1651 The mucous cells in the intermediate zone lacked Galβ1,3GalNAc and showed less terminal α2,3-linked sialic acid, lactosamine, fucose, galactose, and internal N-acetylglucosamine residues. 29295755 9 37 dep galactose 1654:1662 arg1 lactosamine 1633:1643 less terminal α2,3-linked sialic acid, lactosamine, fucose, galactose, and internal N-acetylglucosamine residues 1594:1705 lactosamine 1633:1643 The mucous cells in the intermediate zone lacked Galβ1,3GalNAc and showed less terminal α2,3-linked sialic acid, lactosamine, fucose, galactose, and internal N-acetylglucosamine residues. 29295755 7 38 theme neutral 1107:1113 arg1 glycoconjugates 1129:1143 neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates 1107:1143 i) only neutral glycoproteins in the basal zone; ii) both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans as well as only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates in the intermediate zone; iii) neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates in the apical zone 911:1162 Conventional histochemistry showed that the mucous cells contained i) only neutral glycoproteins in the basal zone; ii) both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans as well as only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates in the intermediate zone; iii) neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates in the apical zone. 29295755 2 39 theme internal 436:443 arg1 body 445:448 the female internal body 425:448 the female internal body during copulation 425:466 This study deals with the morphology and the glycoconjugate pattern of the UP epidermis, which is the male tissue interacting with the female internal body during copulation. 29295755 8 40 theme N-linked 1347:1354 arg1 glycans 1356:1362 high mannose type N-linked glycans 1329:1362 high mannose type N-linked glycans terminating with fucose, lactosamine, and sialic α2,6-linked to galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine 1329:1458 The mucous cells in the basal region expressed O-linked (mucin type) glycans terminating with αGalNAc, Galβ1,3GalNAc which could be α2,3-linked to sialic acid, and high mannose type N-linked glycans terminating with fucose, lactosamine, and sialic α2,6-linked to galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine; terminal Gal and terminal/internal GlcNAc were also found. 29295755 6 41 theme epidermal 745:753 arg1 layers 760:765 The epidermal cell layers 741:765 The epidermal cell layers 741:765 The epidermal cell layers and their thickness as well as the size of mucous cells varied along the UP. 29295755 6 42 theme cells 817:821 arg1 layers 760:765 The epidermal cell layers 741:765 The epidermal cell layers 741:765 The epidermal cell layers and their thickness as well as the size of mucous cells varied along the UP. 29295755 6 42 theme cells 817:821 arg1 thickness 777:785 their thickness 771:785 their thickness 771:785 The epidermal cell layers and their thickness as well as the size of mucous cells varied along the UP. 29295755 6 42 theme cells 817:821 arg1 size 802:805 the size 798:805 the size of mucous cells 798:821 The epidermal cell layers and their thickness as well as the size of mucous cells varied along the UP. 29295755 11 43 theme region-specific 1834:1848 arg1 differences 1850:1860 The demonstrated region-specific differences 1817:1860 The demonstrated region-specific differences in the UP skin 1817:1875 The demonstrated region-specific differences in the UP skin provide new insights into the reproductive biology of fishes with internal fertilization. 29295755 4 44 theme cuboidal 601:608 arg1 epithelium 610:619 a stratified cuboidal epithelium 588:619 a stratified cuboidal epithelium 588:619 The epidermis was shown to be a stratified cuboidal epithelium and to exhibit characteristic intraepithelial pits in the apical zone. 29295755 9 45 theme α2,3-linked 1608:1618 arg1 galactose 1654:1662 less terminal α2,3-linked sialic acid, lactosamine, fucose, galactose, and internal N-acetylglucosamine residues 1594:1705 galactose 1654:1662 The mucous cells in the intermediate zone lacked Galβ1,3GalNAc and showed less terminal α2,3-linked sialic acid, lactosamine, fucose, galactose, and internal N-acetylglucosamine residues. 29295755 4 46 theme stratified 590:599 arg1 epithelium 610:619 a stratified cuboidal epithelium 588:619 a stratified cuboidal epithelium 588:619 The epidermis was shown to be a stratified cuboidal epithelium and to exhibit characteristic intraepithelial pits in the apical zone. 29295755 7 47 theme intermediate 1083:1094 arg1 zone 1096:1099 the intermediate zone 1079:1099 the intermediate zone 1079:1099 Conventional histochemistry showed that the mucous cells contained i) only neutral glycoproteins in the basal zone; ii) both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans as well as only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates in the intermediate zone; iii) neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates in the apical zone. 29295755 2 48 theme glycoconjugate 339:352 arg1 morphology 320:329 morphology 320:329 morphology 320:329 This study deals with the morphology and the glycoconjugate pattern of the UP epidermis, which is the male tissue interacting with the female internal body during copulation. 29295755 2 48 theme glycoconjugate 339:352 arg1 pattern 354:360 the glycoconjugate pattern 335:360 the glycoconjugate pattern of the UP epidermis 335:380 This study deals with the morphology and the glycoconjugate pattern of the UP epidermis, which is the male tissue interacting with the female internal body during copulation. 29295755 2 48 theme glycoconjugate 339:352 arg1 interacting 408:418 the male tissue interacting 392:418 the male tissue interacting with the female internal body during copulation 392:466 This study deals with the morphology and the glycoconjugate pattern of the UP epidermis, which is the male tissue interacting with the female internal body during copulation. 29295755 1 49 theme copulating 246:255 arg1 organ 257:261 the copulating organ 242:261 the copulating organ named urogenital papilla (UP) 242:291 Blackbelly rosefish Helicolenus dactylopterus is a zygoparous fish whose males are equipped with the copulating organ named urogenital papilla (UP). 29295755 9 50 theme acid 1627:1630 arg1 galactose 1654:1662 less terminal α2,3-linked sialic acid, lactosamine, fucose, galactose, and internal N-acetylglucosamine residues 1594:1705 galactose 1654:1662 The mucous cells in the intermediate zone lacked Galβ1,3GalNAc and showed less terminal α2,3-linked sialic acid, lactosamine, fucose, galactose, and internal N-acetylglucosamine residues. 29295755 10 51 theme mucous 1730:1735 arg1 cells 1737:1741 mucous cells 1730:1741 mucous cells 1730:1741 In the apical region, mucous cells only exhibited O-glycans terminating with GalNAc and N-acetylglucosamine. 29295755 7 52 theme Conventional 844:855 arg1 histochemistry 857:870 Conventional histochemistry 844:870 Conventional histochemistry 844:870 Conventional histochemistry showed that the mucous cells contained i) only neutral glycoproteins in the basal zone; ii) both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans as well as only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates in the intermediate zone; iii) neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates in the apical zone. 29295755 7 53 dep glycans 1002:1008 arg1 ii 960:961 ii 960:961 ii 960:961 Conventional histochemistry showed that the mucous cells contained i) only neutral glycoproteins in the basal zone; ii) both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans as well as only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates in the intermediate zone; iii) neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates in the apical zone. 29295755 7 54 theme sulphated 1050:1058 arg1 glycoconjugates 1060:1074 only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates 1021:1074 i) only neutral glycoproteins in the basal zone; ii) both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans as well as only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates in the intermediate zone; iii) neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates in the apical zone 911:1162 Conventional histochemistry showed that the mucous cells contained i) only neutral glycoproteins in the basal zone; ii) both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans as well as only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates in the intermediate zone; iii) neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates in the apical zone. 29295755 1 55 theme Helicolenus 165:175 arg1 fish 207:210 a zygoparous fish 194:210 a zygoparous fish whose males are equipped with the copulating organ named urogenital papilla (UP) 194:291 Blackbelly rosefish Helicolenus dactylopterus is a zygoparous fish whose males are equipped with the copulating organ named urogenital papilla (UP). 29295755 1 55 theme Helicolenus 165:175 arg1 dactylopterus 177:189 Blackbelly rosefish Helicolenus dactylopterus 145:189 Blackbelly rosefish Helicolenus dactylopterus 145:189 Blackbelly rosefish Helicolenus dactylopterus is a zygoparous fish whose males are equipped with the copulating organ named urogenital papilla (UP). 29295755 4 56 theme characteristic 636:649 arg1 pits 667:670 characteristic intraepithelial pits 636:670 characteristic intraepithelial pits 636:670 The epidermis was shown to be a stratified cuboidal epithelium and to exhibit characteristic intraepithelial pits in the apical zone. 29295755 7 57 theme non-sulphated 1033:1045 arg1 glycoconjugates 1060:1074 only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates 1021:1074 i) only neutral glycoproteins in the basal zone; ii) both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans as well as only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates in the intermediate zone; iii) neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates in the apical zone 911:1162 Conventional histochemistry showed that the mucous cells contained i) only neutral glycoproteins in the basal zone; ii) both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans as well as only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates in the intermediate zone; iii) neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates in the apical zone. 29295755 9 58 link α2,3-linked 1608:1618 arg1 galactose 1654:1662 less terminal α2,3-linked sialic acid, lactosamine, fucose, galactose, and internal N-acetylglucosamine residues 1594:1705 galactose 1654:1662 The mucous cells in the intermediate zone lacked Galβ1,3GalNAc and showed less terminal α2,3-linked sialic acid, lactosamine, fucose, galactose, and internal N-acetylglucosamine residues. 29295755 3 59 theme lectin 535:540 arg1 histochemistry 542:555 lectin histochemistry 535:555 lectin histochemistry 535:555 The carbohydrate content was studied by means of conventional and lectin histochemistry. 29295755 1 60 theme zygoparous 196:205 arg1 fish 207:210 a zygoparous fish 194:210 a zygoparous fish whose males are equipped with the copulating organ named urogenital papilla (UP) 194:291 Blackbelly rosefish Helicolenus dactylopterus is a zygoparous fish whose males are equipped with the copulating organ named urogenital papilla (UP). 29295755 1 60 theme zygoparous 196:205 arg1 dactylopterus 177:189 Blackbelly rosefish Helicolenus dactylopterus 145:189 Blackbelly rosefish Helicolenus dactylopterus 145:189 Blackbelly rosefish Helicolenus dactylopterus is a zygoparous fish whose males are equipped with the copulating organ named urogenital papilla (UP). 29295755 8 61 theme O-linked 1212:1219 arg1 glycans 1234:1240 O-linked (mucin type) glycans 1212:1240 O-linked (mucin type) glycans terminating with αGalNAc, Galβ1,3GalNAc which could be α2,3-linked to sialic acid, 1212:1323 The mucous cells in the basal region expressed O-linked (mucin type) glycans terminating with αGalNAc, Galβ1,3GalNAc which could be α2,3-linked to sialic acid, and high mannose type N-linked glycans terminating with fucose, lactosamine, and sialic α2,6-linked to galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine; terminal Gal and terminal/internal GlcNAc were also found. 29295755 11 62 with fishes 1931:1936 arg1 fertilization 1952:1964 internal fertilization 1943:1964 internal fertilization 1943:1964 The demonstrated region-specific differences in the UP skin provide new insights into the reproductive biology of fishes with internal fertilization. 29295755 9 63 theme N-acetylglucosamine 1678:1696 arg1 residues 1698:1705 less terminal α2,3-linked sialic acid, lactosamine, fucose, galactose, and internal N-acetylglucosamine residues 1594:1705 residues 1698:1705 The mucous cells in the intermediate zone lacked Galβ1,3GalNAc and showed less terminal α2,3-linked sialic acid, lactosamine, fucose, galactose, and internal N-acetylglucosamine residues. 29295755 8 64 theme mucin 1222:1226 arg1 glycans 1234:1240 O-linked (mucin type) glycans 1212:1240 O-linked (mucin type) glycans terminating with αGalNAc, Galβ1,3GalNAc which could be α2,3-linked to sialic acid, 1212:1323 The mucous cells in the basal region expressed O-linked (mucin type) glycans terminating with αGalNAc, Galβ1,3GalNAc which could be α2,3-linked to sialic acid, and high mannose type N-linked glycans terminating with fucose, lactosamine, and sialic α2,6-linked to galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine; terminal Gal and terminal/internal GlcNAc were also found. 29295755 11 65 theme demonstrated 1821:1832 arg1 differences 1850:1860 The demonstrated region-specific differences 1817:1860 The demonstrated region-specific differences in the UP skin 1817:1875 The demonstrated region-specific differences in the UP skin provide new insights into the reproductive biology of fishes with internal fertilization. 29295755 11 66 theme internal 1943:1950 arg1 fertilization 1952:1964 internal fertilization 1943:1964 internal fertilization 1943:1964 The demonstrated region-specific differences in the UP skin provide new insights into the reproductive biology of fishes with internal fertilization. 29295755 7 67 theme acidic 981:986 arg1 glycans 1002:1008 both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans 964:1008 i) only neutral glycoproteins in the basal zone; ii) both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans as well as only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates in the intermediate zone; iii) neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates in the apical zone 911:1162 Conventional histochemistry showed that the mucous cells contained i) only neutral glycoproteins in the basal zone; ii) both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans as well as only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates in the intermediate zone; iii) neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates in the apical zone. 29295755 8 68 link N-linked 1347:1354 arg1 glycans 1356:1362 high mannose type N-linked glycans 1329:1362 high mannose type N-linked glycans terminating with fucose, lactosamine, and sialic α2,6-linked to galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine 1329:1458 The mucous cells in the basal region expressed O-linked (mucin type) glycans terminating with αGalNAc, Galβ1,3GalNAc which could be α2,3-linked to sialic acid, and high mannose type N-linked glycans terminating with fucose, lactosamine, and sialic α2,6-linked to galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine; terminal Gal and terminal/internal GlcNAc were also found. 29295755 8 69 theme terminal 1461:1468 arg1 Gal 1470:1472 terminal Gal 1461:1472 terminal Gal 1461:1472 The mucous cells in the basal region expressed O-linked (mucin type) glycans terminating with αGalNAc, Galβ1,3GalNAc which could be α2,3-linked to sialic acid, and high mannose type N-linked glycans terminating with fucose, lactosamine, and sialic α2,6-linked to galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine; terminal Gal and terminal/internal GlcNAc were also found. 29295755 7 70 from glycoproteins 927:939 arg1 zone 954:957 the basal zone 944:957 the basal zone 944:957 Conventional histochemistry showed that the mucous cells contained i) only neutral glycoproteins in the basal zone; ii) both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans as well as only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates in the intermediate zone; iii) neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates in the apical zone. 29295755 8 71 attach α2,3-linked 1297:1307 arg1 acid 1319:1322 sialic acid 1312:1322 sialic acid 1312:1322 The mucous cells in the basal region expressed O-linked (mucin type) glycans terminating with αGalNAc, Galβ1,3GalNAc which could be α2,3-linked to sialic acid, and high mannose type N-linked glycans terminating with fucose, lactosamine, and sialic α2,6-linked to galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine; terminal Gal and terminal/internal GlcNAc were also found. 29295755 8 71 attach α2,3-linked 1297:1307 arg2 Galβ1,3GalNAc 1268:1280 Galβ1,3GalNAc 1268:1280 Galβ1,3GalNAc which could be α2,3-linked to sialic acid 1268:1322 The mucous cells in the basal region expressed O-linked (mucin type) glycans terminating with αGalNAc, Galβ1,3GalNAc which could be α2,3-linked to sialic acid, and high mannose type N-linked glycans terminating with fucose, lactosamine, and sialic α2,6-linked to galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine; terminal Gal and terminal/internal GlcNAc were also found. 29295755 8 71 attach α2,3-linked 1297:1307 arg2 αGalNAc 1259:1265 αGalNAc 1259:1265 αGalNAc 1259:1265 The mucous cells in the basal region expressed O-linked (mucin type) glycans terminating with αGalNAc, Galβ1,3GalNAc which could be α2,3-linked to sialic acid, and high mannose type N-linked glycans terminating with fucose, lactosamine, and sialic α2,6-linked to galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine; terminal Gal and terminal/internal GlcNAc were also found. 29295755 1 72 theme Blackbelly 145:154 arg1 fish 207:210 a zygoparous fish 194:210 a zygoparous fish whose males are equipped with the copulating organ named urogenital papilla (UP) 194:291 Blackbelly rosefish Helicolenus dactylopterus is a zygoparous fish whose males are equipped with the copulating organ named urogenital papilla (UP). 29295755 1 72 theme Blackbelly 145:154 arg1 dactylopterus 177:189 Blackbelly rosefish Helicolenus dactylopterus 145:189 Blackbelly rosefish Helicolenus dactylopterus 145:189 Blackbelly rosefish Helicolenus dactylopterus is a zygoparous fish whose males are equipped with the copulating organ named urogenital papilla (UP). 29295755 5 73 theme mucous 696:701 arg1 cells 703:707 The mucous cells 692:707 The mucous cells 692:707 The mucous cells are scattered in the epidermis. 29295755 0 74 from morphology 9:18 arg1 skin 68:71 the urogenital papilla skin 45:71 the urogenital papilla skin of the blackbelly rosefish 45:98 Regional morphology and mucus composition in the urogenital papilla skin of the blackbelly rosefish Helicolenus dactylopterus (Delaroche, 1809). 29295755 0 75 theme rosefish 91:98 arg1 skin 68:71 the urogenital papilla skin 45:71 the urogenital papilla skin of the blackbelly rosefish 45:98 Regional morphology and mucus composition in the urogenital papilla skin of the blackbelly rosefish Helicolenus dactylopterus (Delaroche, 1809). 29295755 7 76 from glycoconjugates 1129:1143 arg1 zone 1159:1162 the apical zone 1148:1162 the apical zone 1148:1162 Conventional histochemistry showed that the mucous cells contained i) only neutral glycoproteins in the basal zone; ii) both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans as well as only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates in the intermediate zone; iii) neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates in the apical zone. 29295755 2 77 theme epidermis 372:380 arg1 morphology 320:329 morphology 320:329 morphology 320:329 This study deals with the morphology and the glycoconjugate pattern of the UP epidermis, which is the male tissue interacting with the female internal body during copulation. 29295755 2 77 theme epidermis 372:380 arg1 pattern 354:360 the glycoconjugate pattern 335:360 the glycoconjugate pattern of the UP epidermis 335:380 This study deals with the morphology and the glycoconjugate pattern of the UP epidermis, which is the male tissue interacting with the female internal body during copulation. 29295755 2 77 theme epidermis 372:380 arg1 interacting 408:418 the male tissue interacting 392:418 the male tissue interacting with the female internal body during copulation 392:466 This study deals with the morphology and the glycoconjugate pattern of the UP epidermis, which is the male tissue interacting with the female internal body during copulation. 29295755 8 78 theme sialic 1312:1317 arg1 acid 1319:1322 sialic acid 1312:1322 sialic acid 1312:1322 The mucous cells in the basal region expressed O-linked (mucin type) glycans terminating with αGalNAc, Galβ1,3GalNAc which could be α2,3-linked to sialic acid, and high mannose type N-linked glycans terminating with fucose, lactosamine, and sialic α2,6-linked to galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine; terminal Gal and terminal/internal GlcNAc were also found. 29295755 0 79 theme mucus 24:28 arg1 composition 30:40 mucus composition 24:40 mucus composition 24:40 Regional morphology and mucus composition in the urogenital papilla skin of the blackbelly rosefish Helicolenus dactylopterus (Delaroche, 1809). 29295755 2 80 theme tissue 401:406 arg1 morphology 320:329 morphology 320:329 morphology 320:329 This study deals with the morphology and the glycoconjugate pattern of the UP epidermis, which is the male tissue interacting with the female internal body during copulation. 29295755 2 80 theme tissue 401:406 arg1 pattern 354:360 the glycoconjugate pattern 335:360 the glycoconjugate pattern of the UP epidermis 335:380 This study deals with the morphology and the glycoconjugate pattern of the UP epidermis, which is the male tissue interacting with the female internal body during copulation. 29295755 2 80 theme tissue 401:406 arg1 interacting 408:418 the male tissue interacting 392:418 the male tissue interacting with the female internal body during copulation 392:466 This study deals with the morphology and the glycoconjugate pattern of the UP epidermis, which is the male tissue interacting with the female internal body during copulation. 29295755 2 81 dep morphology 320:329 arg1 the 316:318 the 316:318 the 316:318 This study deals with the morphology and the glycoconjugate pattern of the UP epidermis, which is the male tissue interacting with the female internal body during copulation. 29295755 8 82 theme high 1329:1332 arg1 glycans 1356:1362 high mannose type N-linked glycans 1329:1362 high mannose type N-linked glycans terminating with fucose, lactosamine, and sialic α2,6-linked to galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine 1329:1458 The mucous cells in the basal region expressed O-linked (mucin type) glycans terminating with αGalNAc, Galβ1,3GalNAc which could be α2,3-linked to sialic acid, and high mannose type N-linked glycans terminating with fucose, lactosamine, and sialic α2,6-linked to galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine; terminal Gal and terminal/internal GlcNAc were also found. 29295755 6 83 theme cell 755:758 arg1 layers 760:765 The epidermal cell layers 741:765 The epidermal cell layers 741:765 The epidermal cell layers and their thickness as well as the size of mucous cells varied along the UP. 29295755 0 84 theme urogenital 49:58 arg1 skin 68:71 the urogenital papilla skin 45:71 the urogenital papilla skin of the blackbelly rosefish 45:98 Regional morphology and mucus composition in the urogenital papilla skin of the blackbelly rosefish Helicolenus dactylopterus (Delaroche, 1809). 29295755 2 85 theme female 429:434 arg1 body 445:448 the female internal body 425:448 the female internal body during copulation 425:466 This study deals with the morphology and the glycoconjugate pattern of the UP epidermis, which is the male tissue interacting with the female internal body during copulation. 29295755 8 86 theme type 1342:1345 arg1 glycans 1356:1362 high mannose type N-linked glycans 1329:1362 high mannose type N-linked glycans terminating with fucose, lactosamine, and sialic α2,6-linked to galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine 1329:1458 The mucous cells in the basal region expressed O-linked (mucin type) glycans terminating with αGalNAc, Galβ1,3GalNAc which could be α2,3-linked to sialic acid, and high mannose type N-linked glycans terminating with fucose, lactosamine, and sialic α2,6-linked to galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine; terminal Gal and terminal/internal GlcNAc were also found. 29295755 3 87 theme carbohydrate 473:484 arg1 content 486:492 The carbohydrate content 469:492 The carbohydrate content 469:492 The carbohydrate content was studied by means of conventional and lectin histochemistry. 29295755 7 88 theme mucous 888:893 arg1 cells 895:899 the mucous cells 884:899 the mucous cells 884:899 Conventional histochemistry showed that the mucous cells contained i) only neutral glycoproteins in the basal zone; ii) both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans as well as only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates in the intermediate zone; iii) neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates in the apical zone. 29295755 6 89 theme mucous 810:815 arg1 cells 817:821 mucous cells 810:821 mucous cells 810:821 The epidermal cell layers and their thickness as well as the size of mucous cells varied along the UP. 29295755 2 90 with interacting 408:418 arg1 body 445:448 the female internal body 425:448 the female internal body during copulation 425:466 This study deals with the morphology and the glycoconjugate pattern of the UP epidermis, which is the male tissue interacting with the female internal body during copulation. 29295755 8 91 link O-linked 1212:1219 arg1 glycans 1234:1240 O-linked (mucin type) glycans 1212:1240 O-linked (mucin type) glycans terminating with αGalNAc, Galβ1,3GalNAc which could be α2,3-linked to sialic acid, 1212:1323 The mucous cells in the basal region expressed O-linked (mucin type) glycans terminating with αGalNAc, Galβ1,3GalNAc which could be α2,3-linked to sialic acid, and high mannose type N-linked glycans terminating with fucose, lactosamine, and sialic α2,6-linked to galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine; terminal Gal and terminal/internal GlcNAc were also found. 29295755 9 92 theme terminal 1599:1606 arg1 galactose 1654:1662 less terminal α2,3-linked sialic acid, lactosamine, fucose, galactose, and internal N-acetylglucosamine residues 1594:1705 galactose 1654:1662 The mucous cells in the intermediate zone lacked Galβ1,3GalNAc and showed less terminal α2,3-linked sialic acid, lactosamine, fucose, galactose, and internal N-acetylglucosamine residues. 29295755 11 93 theme reproductive 1907:1918 arg1 biology 1920:1926 the reproductive biology 1903:1926 the reproductive biology of fishes with internal fertilization 1903:1964 The demonstrated region-specific differences in the UP skin provide new insights into the reproductive biology of fishes with internal fertilization. 29295755 7 94 from glycans 1002:1008 arg1 zone 1096:1099 the intermediate zone 1079:1099 the intermediate zone 1079:1099 Conventional histochemistry showed that the mucous cells contained i) only neutral glycoproteins in the basal zone; ii) both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans as well as only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates in the intermediate zone; iii) neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates in the apical zone. 29295755 11 95 theme new 1885:1887 arg1 insights 1889:1896 new insights 1885:1896 new insights into the reproductive biology of fishes with internal fertilization 1885:1964 The demonstrated region-specific differences in the UP skin provide new insights into the reproductive biology of fishes with internal fertilization. 27288700 2 0 theme anionic 477:483 arg1 alginate 508:515 an anionic polysaccharide, sodium alginate 474:515 alginate 508:515 In this study, we performed the fabrication of composite materials of such cationic chitin nanofibers with an anionic polysaccharide, sodium alginate, by ion exchange. 27288700 1 1 with reaction 146:153 arg1 N 195:195 N 195:195 N 195:195 We have already found that an amidinated chitin, which was prepared by the reaction of a partially deacetylated chitin with N,N-dimethylacetamide dimethyl acetal, was converted into an amidinium chitin bicarbonate with nanofiber morphology by CO2 gas bubbling and ultrasonic treatments in water. 27288700 1 1 with reaction 146:153 arg1 acetal 226:231 N-dimethylacetamide dimethyl acetal 197:231 N-dimethylacetamide dimethyl acetal 197:231 We have already found that an amidinated chitin, which was prepared by the reaction of a partially deacetylated chitin with N,N-dimethylacetamide dimethyl acetal, was converted into an amidinium chitin bicarbonate with nanofiber morphology by CO2 gas bubbling and ultrasonic treatments in water. 27288700 1 2 theme ultrasonic 335:344 arg1 treatments 346:355 ultrasonic treatments 335:355 ultrasonic treatments in water 335:364 We have already found that an amidinated chitin, which was prepared by the reaction of a partially deacetylated chitin with N,N-dimethylacetamide dimethyl acetal, was converted into an amidinium chitin bicarbonate with nanofiber morphology by CO2 gas bubbling and ultrasonic treatments in water. 27288700 4 3 theme SEM 866:868 arg1 measurement 870:880 SEM measurement 866:880 SEM measurement 866:880 The morphology of the resulting sheet at nano-scale was evaluated by SEM measurement. 27288700 4 4 from nano-scale 838:847 arg1 morphology 801:810 The morphology 797:810 The morphology of the resulting sheet at nano-scale 797:847 The morphology of the resulting sheet at nano-scale was evaluated by SEM measurement. 27288700 1 5 theme amidinium 256:264 arg1 bicarbonate 273:283 an amidinium chitin bicarbonate 253:283 an amidinium chitin bicarbonate with nanofiber morphology 253:309 We have already found that an amidinated chitin, which was prepared by the reaction of a partially deacetylated chitin with N,N-dimethylacetamide dimethyl acetal, was converted into an amidinium chitin bicarbonate with nanofiber morphology by CO2 gas bubbling and ultrasonic treatments in water. 27288700 4 6 theme sheet 829:833 arg1 morphology 801:810 The morphology 797:810 The morphology of the resulting sheet at nano-scale 797:847 The morphology of the resulting sheet at nano-scale was evaluated by SEM measurement. 27288700 4 7 theme resulting 819:827 arg1 sheet 829:833 the resulting sheet 815:833 the resulting sheet 815:833 The morphology of the resulting sheet at nano-scale was evaluated by SEM measurement. 27288700 2 8 theme nanofibers 458:467 arg1 materials 424:432 composite materials 414:432 composite materials of such cationic chitin nanofibers 414:467 In this study, we performed the fabrication of composite materials of such cationic chitin nanofibers with an anionic polysaccharide, sodium alginate, by ion exchange. 27288700 3 9 theme chitin 554:559 arg1 dispersion 591:600 the amidinium chitin bicarbonate nanofiber aqueous dispersion 540:600 the amidinium chitin bicarbonate nanofiber aqueous dispersion 540:600 When the amidinium chitin bicarbonate nanofiber aqueous dispersion was added to an aqueous solution of sodium alginate, the composite material was agglomerated, which was isolated by centrifugation, filtration, and lyophilization, to form a manipulatable sheet. 27288700 1 10 theme deacetylated 170:181 arg1 chitin 183:188 a partially deacetylated chitin 158:188 a partially deacetylated chitin 158:188 We have already found that an amidinated chitin, which was prepared by the reaction of a partially deacetylated chitin with N,N-dimethylacetamide dimethyl acetal, was converted into an amidinium chitin bicarbonate with nanofiber morphology by CO2 gas bubbling and ultrasonic treatments in water. 27288700 1 11 theme chitin 266:271 arg1 bicarbonate 273:283 an amidinium chitin bicarbonate 253:283 an amidinium chitin bicarbonate with nanofiber morphology 253:309 We have already found that an amidinated chitin, which was prepared by the reaction of a partially deacetylated chitin with N,N-dimethylacetamide dimethyl acetal, was converted into an amidinium chitin bicarbonate with nanofiber morphology by CO2 gas bubbling and ultrasonic treatments in water. 27288700 3 12 theme bicarbonate 561:571 arg1 dispersion 591:600 the amidinium chitin bicarbonate nanofiber aqueous dispersion 540:600 the amidinium chitin bicarbonate nanofiber aqueous dispersion 540:600 When the amidinium chitin bicarbonate nanofiber aqueous dispersion was added to an aqueous solution of sodium alginate, the composite material was agglomerated, which was isolated by centrifugation, filtration, and lyophilization, to form a manipulatable sheet. 27288700 1 13 theme chitin 183:188 arg1 reaction 146:153 the reaction 142:153 the reaction of a partially deacetylated chitin with N,N-dimethylacetamide dimethyl acetal 142:231 We have already found that an amidinated chitin, which was prepared by the reaction of a partially deacetylated chitin with N,N-dimethylacetamide dimethyl acetal, was converted into an amidinium chitin bicarbonate with nanofiber morphology by CO2 gas bubbling and ultrasonic treatments in water. 27288700 0 14 theme chitin 24:29 arg1 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication of cationic chitin 0:29 Fabrication of cationic chitin nanofiber/alginate composite materials. 27288700 2 15 dep alginate 508:515 arg1 sodium 501:506 an anionic polysaccharide, sodium alginate 474:515 sodium 501:506 In this study, we performed the fabrication of composite materials of such cationic chitin nanofibers with an anionic polysaccharide, sodium alginate, by ion exchange. 27288700 1 16 with bicarbonate 273:283 arg1 morphology 300:309 nanofiber morphology 290:309 nanofiber morphology 290:309 We have already found that an amidinated chitin, which was prepared by the reaction of a partially deacetylated chitin with N,N-dimethylacetamide dimethyl acetal, was converted into an amidinium chitin bicarbonate with nanofiber morphology by CO2 gas bubbling and ultrasonic treatments in water. 27288700 1 17 theme amidinated 101:110 arg1 chitin 112:117 an amidinated chitin 98:117 an amidinated chitin 98:117 We have already found that an amidinated chitin, which was prepared by the reaction of a partially deacetylated chitin with N,N-dimethylacetamide dimethyl acetal, was converted into an amidinium chitin bicarbonate with nanofiber morphology by CO2 gas bubbling and ultrasonic treatments in water. 27288700 0 18 theme cationic 15:22 arg1 chitin 24:29 cationic chitin 15:29 cationic chitin 15:29 Fabrication of cationic chitin nanofiber/alginate composite materials. 27288700 3 19 theme sodium 638:643 arg1 alginate 645:652 sodium alginate 638:652 sodium alginate 638:652 When the amidinium chitin bicarbonate nanofiber aqueous dispersion was added to an aqueous solution of sodium alginate, the composite material was agglomerated, which was isolated by centrifugation, filtration, and lyophilization, to form a manipulatable sheet. 27288700 3 20 theme amidinium 544:552 arg1 dispersion 591:600 the amidinium chitin bicarbonate nanofiber aqueous dispersion 540:600 the amidinium chitin bicarbonate nanofiber aqueous dispersion 540:600 When the amidinium chitin bicarbonate nanofiber aqueous dispersion was added to an aqueous solution of sodium alginate, the composite material was agglomerated, which was isolated by centrifugation, filtration, and lyophilization, to form a manipulatable sheet. 27288700 0 21 theme composite 50:58 arg1 materials 60:68 composite materials 50:68 composite materials 50:68 Fabrication of cationic chitin nanofiber/alginate composite materials. 27288700 1 22 theme nanofiber 290:298 arg1 morphology 300:309 nanofiber morphology 290:309 nanofiber morphology 290:309 We have already found that an amidinated chitin, which was prepared by the reaction of a partially deacetylated chitin with N,N-dimethylacetamide dimethyl acetal, was converted into an amidinium chitin bicarbonate with nanofiber morphology by CO2 gas bubbling and ultrasonic treatments in water. 27288700 3 23 theme alginate 645:652 arg1 solution 626:633 an aqueous solution 615:633 an aqueous solution of sodium alginate 615:652 When the amidinium chitin bicarbonate nanofiber aqueous dispersion was added to an aqueous solution of sodium alginate, the composite material was agglomerated, which was isolated by centrifugation, filtration, and lyophilization, to form a manipulatable sheet. 27288700 1 24 from treatments 346:355 arg1 water 360:364 water 360:364 water 360:364 We have already found that an amidinated chitin, which was prepared by the reaction of a partially deacetylated chitin with N,N-dimethylacetamide dimethyl acetal, was converted into an amidinium chitin bicarbonate with nanofiber morphology by CO2 gas bubbling and ultrasonic treatments in water. 27288700 2 25 theme ion 521:523 arg1 exchange 525:532 ion exchange 521:532 ion exchange 521:532 In this study, we performed the fabrication of composite materials of such cationic chitin nanofibers with an anionic polysaccharide, sodium alginate, by ion exchange. 27288700 2 26 theme materials 424:432 arg1 fabrication 399:409 the fabrication 395:409 the fabrication of composite materials of such cationic chitin nanofibers 395:467 In this study, we performed the fabrication of composite materials of such cationic chitin nanofibers with an anionic polysaccharide, sodium alginate, by ion exchange. 27288700 1 27 theme N-dimethylacetamide 197:215 arg1 N 195:195 N 195:195 N 195:195 We have already found that an amidinated chitin, which was prepared by the reaction of a partially deacetylated chitin with N,N-dimethylacetamide dimethyl acetal, was converted into an amidinium chitin bicarbonate with nanofiber morphology by CO2 gas bubbling and ultrasonic treatments in water. 27288700 1 27 theme N-dimethylacetamide 197:215 arg1 acetal 226:231 N-dimethylacetamide dimethyl acetal 197:231 N-dimethylacetamide dimethyl acetal 197:231 We have already found that an amidinated chitin, which was prepared by the reaction of a partially deacetylated chitin with N,N-dimethylacetamide dimethyl acetal, was converted into an amidinium chitin bicarbonate with nanofiber morphology by CO2 gas bubbling and ultrasonic treatments in water. 27288700 1 28 from bubbling 322:329 arg1 water 360:364 water 360:364 water 360:364 We have already found that an amidinated chitin, which was prepared by the reaction of a partially deacetylated chitin with N,N-dimethylacetamide dimethyl acetal, was converted into an amidinium chitin bicarbonate with nanofiber morphology by CO2 gas bubbling and ultrasonic treatments in water. 27288700 2 29 theme polysaccharide 485:498 arg1 alginate 508:515 an anionic polysaccharide, sodium alginate 474:515 alginate 508:515 In this study, we performed the fabrication of composite materials of such cationic chitin nanofibers with an anionic polysaccharide, sodium alginate, by ion exchange. 27288700 3 30 theme nanofiber 573:581 arg1 dispersion 591:600 the amidinium chitin bicarbonate nanofiber aqueous dispersion 540:600 the amidinium chitin bicarbonate nanofiber aqueous dispersion 540:600 When the amidinium chitin bicarbonate nanofiber aqueous dispersion was added to an aqueous solution of sodium alginate, the composite material was agglomerated, which was isolated by centrifugation, filtration, and lyophilization, to form a manipulatable sheet. 27288700 2 31 theme cationic 442:449 arg1 nanofibers 458:467 such cationic chitin nanofibers 437:467 such cationic chitin nanofibers 437:467 In this study, we performed the fabrication of composite materials of such cationic chitin nanofibers with an anionic polysaccharide, sodium alginate, by ion exchange. 27288700 1 32 theme CO2 314:316 arg1 bubbling 322:329 CO2 gas bubbling 314:329 CO2 gas bubbling 314:329 We have already found that an amidinated chitin, which was prepared by the reaction of a partially deacetylated chitin with N,N-dimethylacetamide dimethyl acetal, was converted into an amidinium chitin bicarbonate with nanofiber morphology by CO2 gas bubbling and ultrasonic treatments in water. 27288700 3 33 theme composite 659:667 arg1 material 669:676 the composite material 655:676 the composite material 655:676 When the amidinium chitin bicarbonate nanofiber aqueous dispersion was added to an aqueous solution of sodium alginate, the composite material was agglomerated, which was isolated by centrifugation, filtration, and lyophilization, to form a manipulatable sheet. 27288700 3 34 theme aqueous 583:589 arg1 dispersion 591:600 the amidinium chitin bicarbonate nanofiber aqueous dispersion 540:600 the amidinium chitin bicarbonate nanofiber aqueous dispersion 540:600 When the amidinium chitin bicarbonate nanofiber aqueous dispersion was added to an aqueous solution of sodium alginate, the composite material was agglomerated, which was isolated by centrifugation, filtration, and lyophilization, to form a manipulatable sheet. 27288700 1 35 theme gas 318:320 arg1 bubbling 322:329 CO2 gas bubbling 314:329 CO2 gas bubbling 314:329 We have already found that an amidinated chitin, which was prepared by the reaction of a partially deacetylated chitin with N,N-dimethylacetamide dimethyl acetal, was converted into an amidinium chitin bicarbonate with nanofiber morphology by CO2 gas bubbling and ultrasonic treatments in water. 27288700 1 36 theme dimethyl 217:224 arg1 N 195:195 N 195:195 N 195:195 We have already found that an amidinated chitin, which was prepared by the reaction of a partially deacetylated chitin with N,N-dimethylacetamide dimethyl acetal, was converted into an amidinium chitin bicarbonate with nanofiber morphology by CO2 gas bubbling and ultrasonic treatments in water. 27288700 1 36 theme dimethyl 217:224 arg1 acetal 226:231 N-dimethylacetamide dimethyl acetal 197:231 N-dimethylacetamide dimethyl acetal 197:231 We have already found that an amidinated chitin, which was prepared by the reaction of a partially deacetylated chitin with N,N-dimethylacetamide dimethyl acetal, was converted into an amidinium chitin bicarbonate with nanofiber morphology by CO2 gas bubbling and ultrasonic treatments in water. 27288700 3 37 theme aqueous 618:624 arg1 solution 626:633 an aqueous solution 615:633 an aqueous solution of sodium alginate 615:652 When the amidinium chitin bicarbonate nanofiber aqueous dispersion was added to an aqueous solution of sodium alginate, the composite material was agglomerated, which was isolated by centrifugation, filtration, and lyophilization, to form a manipulatable sheet. 27288700 2 38 theme chitin 451:456 arg1 nanofibers 458:467 such cationic chitin nanofibers 437:467 such cationic chitin nanofibers 437:467 In this study, we performed the fabrication of composite materials of such cationic chitin nanofibers with an anionic polysaccharide, sodium alginate, by ion exchange. 27288700 2 39 theme composite 414:422 arg1 materials 424:432 composite materials 414:432 composite materials of such cationic chitin nanofibers 414:467 In this study, we performed the fabrication of composite materials of such cationic chitin nanofibers with an anionic polysaccharide, sodium alginate, by ion exchange. 27288700 2 40 theme such 437:440 arg1 nanofibers 458:467 such cationic chitin nanofibers 437:467 such cationic chitin nanofibers 437:467 In this study, we performed the fabrication of composite materials of such cationic chitin nanofibers with an anionic polysaccharide, sodium alginate, by ion exchange. 27288700 3 41 theme manipulatable 776:788 arg1 sheet 790:794 a manipulatable sheet 774:794 a manipulatable sheet 774:794 When the amidinium chitin bicarbonate nanofiber aqueous dispersion was added to an aqueous solution of sodium alginate, the composite material was agglomerated, which was isolated by centrifugation, filtration, and lyophilization, to form a manipulatable sheet. 25794198 3 0 theme floury 617:622 arg1 regions 637:643 the floury and vitreous regions 613:643 the floury and vitreous regions in carbon and nitrogen storage 613:674 The composition of endosperm lipids, including their fatty acid unsaturation levels, as well as their distribution may be related to metabolic specificities of the floury and vitreous regions in carbon and nitrogen storage and to the management of stress responses during endosperm cell development. 25794198 3 1 theme vitreous 628:635 arg1 regions 637:643 the floury and vitreous regions 613:643 the floury and vitreous regions in carbon and nitrogen storage 613:674 The composition of endosperm lipids, including their fatty acid unsaturation levels, as well as their distribution may be related to metabolic specificities of the floury and vitreous regions in carbon and nitrogen storage and to the management of stress responses during endosperm cell development. 25794198 2 2 theme free 313:316 arg1 acids 324:328 free fatty acids 313:328 free fatty acids 313:328 Neutral lipids, i.e., triglycerides and free fatty acids, accounted for more than 80% of endosperm lipids and are almost 2 times higher in the floury than in the vitreous regions. 25794198 0 3 from partitioning 6:17 arg1 endosperm 42:50 maize (Zea mays L.) endosperm 22:50 maize (Zea mays L.) endosperm 22:50 Lipid partitioning in maize (Zea mays L.) endosperm highlights relationships among starch lipids, amylose, and vitreousness. 25794198 4 4 theme highest 769:775 arg1 contents 777:784 the highest contents 765:784 the highest contents of starch lipids 765:801 Remarkably, the highest contents of starch lipids were observed systematically within the vitreous endosperm. 25794198 4 5 theme starch 789:794 arg1 lipids 796:801 starch lipids 789:801 starch lipids 789:801 Remarkably, the highest contents of starch lipids were observed systematically within the vitreous endosperm. 25794198 0 6 theme starch 83:88 arg1 lipids 90:95 starch lipids 83:95 starch lipids 83:95 Lipid partitioning in maize (Zea mays L.) endosperm highlights relationships among starch lipids, amylose, and vitreousness. 25794198 4 7 theme lipids 796:801 arg1 contents 777:784 the highest contents 765:784 the highest contents of starch lipids 765:801 Remarkably, the highest contents of starch lipids were observed systematically within the vitreous endosperm. 25794198 1 8 from composition 137:147 arg1 regions 222:228 the floury and vitreous regions 198:228 the floury and vitreous regions 198:228 Content and composition of maize endosperm lipids and their partition in the floury and vitreous regions were determined for a set of inbred lines. 25794198 5 9 theme starch 885:890 arg1 lipids 892:897 starch lipids 885:897 starch lipids 885:897 These high amounts of starch lipids were mainly due to lysophosphatidylcholine and were tightly linked to the highest amylose content. 25794198 3 10 from regions 637:643 arg1 nitrogen 659:666 nitrogen 659:666 nitrogen 659:666 The composition of endosperm lipids, including their fatty acid unsaturation levels, as well as their distribution may be related to metabolic specificities of the floury and vitreous regions in carbon and nitrogen storage and to the management of stress responses during endosperm cell development. 25794198 3 10 from regions 637:643 arg1 carbon 648:653 carbon 648:653 carbon 648:653 The composition of endosperm lipids, including their fatty acid unsaturation levels, as well as their distribution may be related to metabolic specificities of the floury and vitreous regions in carbon and nitrogen storage and to the management of stress responses during endosperm cell development. 25794198 3 11 theme endosperm 725:733 arg1 development 740:750 endosperm cell development 725:750 endosperm cell development 725:750 The composition of endosperm lipids, including their fatty acid unsaturation levels, as well as their distribution may be related to metabolic specificities of the floury and vitreous regions in carbon and nitrogen storage and to the management of stress responses during endosperm cell development. 25794198 2 12 theme vitreous 435:442 arg1 regions 444:450 the vitreous regions 431:450 the vitreous regions 431:450 Neutral lipids, i.e., triglycerides and free fatty acids, accounted for more than 80% of endosperm lipids and are almost 2 times higher in the floury than in the vitreous regions. 25794198 3 13 theme regions 637:643 arg1 specificities 596:608 metabolic specificities 586:608 metabolic specificities of the floury and vitreous regions in carbon and nitrogen storage 586:674 The composition of endosperm lipids, including their fatty acid unsaturation levels, as well as their distribution may be related to metabolic specificities of the floury and vitreous regions in carbon and nitrogen storage and to the management of stress responses during endosperm cell development. 25794198 2 14 dep times 396:400 arg1 higher 402:407 higher 402:407 higher 402:407 Neutral lipids, i.e., triglycerides and free fatty acids, accounted for more than 80% of endosperm lipids and are almost 2 times higher in the floury than in the vitreous regions. 25794198 5 15 theme lipids 892:897 arg1 amounts 874:880 These high amounts 863:880 These high amounts of starch lipids 863:897 These high amounts of starch lipids were mainly due to lysophosphatidylcholine and were tightly linked to the highest amylose content. 25794198 5 15 theme lipids 892:897 arg1 lipids 892:897 starch lipids 885:897 starch lipids 885:897 These high amounts of starch lipids were mainly due to lysophosphatidylcholine and were tightly linked to the highest amylose content. 25794198 3 16 theme cell 735:738 arg1 development 740:750 endosperm cell development 725:750 endosperm cell development 725:750 The composition of endosperm lipids, including their fatty acid unsaturation levels, as well as their distribution may be related to metabolic specificities of the floury and vitreous regions in carbon and nitrogen storage and to the management of stress responses during endosperm cell development. 25794198 3 17 from carbon 648:653 arg1 specificities 596:608 metabolic specificities 586:608 metabolic specificities of the floury and vitreous regions in carbon and nitrogen storage 586:674 The composition of endosperm lipids, including their fatty acid unsaturation levels, as well as their distribution may be related to metabolic specificities of the floury and vitreous regions in carbon and nitrogen storage and to the management of stress responses during endosperm cell development. 25794198 1 18 from Content 125:131 arg1 regions 222:228 the floury and vitreous regions 198:228 the floury and vitreous regions 198:228 Content and composition of maize endosperm lipids and their partition in the floury and vitreous regions were determined for a set of inbred lines. 25794198 6 19 theme endosperm 1130:1138 arg1 vitreousness 1140:1151 endosperm vitreousness 1130:1151 endosperm vitreousness 1130:1151 Consequently, the formation of amylose-lysophosphatidylcholine complexes has to be considered as an outstanding mechanism affecting endosperm vitreousness. 25794198 3 20 from specificities 596:608 arg1 nitrogen 659:666 nitrogen 659:666 nitrogen 659:666 The composition of endosperm lipids, including their fatty acid unsaturation levels, as well as their distribution may be related to metabolic specificities of the floury and vitreous regions in carbon and nitrogen storage and to the management of stress responses during endosperm cell development. 25794198 3 20 from specificities 596:608 arg1 carbon 648:653 carbon 648:653 carbon 648:653 The composition of endosperm lipids, including their fatty acid unsaturation levels, as well as their distribution may be related to metabolic specificities of the floury and vitreous regions in carbon and nitrogen storage and to the management of stress responses during endosperm cell development. 25794198 1 21 theme maize 152:156 arg1 lipids 168:173 maize endosperm lipids 152:173 maize endosperm lipids 152:173 Content and composition of maize endosperm lipids and their partition in the floury and vitreous regions were determined for a set of inbred lines. 25794198 2 22 from times 396:400 arg1 floury 416:421 the floury 412:421 the floury 412:421 Neutral lipids, i.e., triglycerides and free fatty acids, accounted for more than 80% of endosperm lipids and are almost 2 times higher in the floury than in the vitreous regions. 25794198 2 22 from times 396:400 arg1 regions 444:450 the vitreous regions 431:450 the vitreous regions 431:450 Neutral lipids, i.e., triglycerides and free fatty acids, accounted for more than 80% of endosperm lipids and are almost 2 times higher in the floury than in the vitreous regions. 25794198 3 23 from nitrogen 659:666 arg1 specificities 596:608 metabolic specificities 586:608 metabolic specificities of the floury and vitreous regions in carbon and nitrogen storage 586:674 The composition of endosperm lipids, including their fatty acid unsaturation levels, as well as their distribution may be related to metabolic specificities of the floury and vitreous regions in carbon and nitrogen storage and to the management of stress responses during endosperm cell development. 25794198 1 24 theme endosperm 158:166 arg1 lipids 168:173 maize endosperm lipids 152:173 maize endosperm lipids 152:173 Content and composition of maize endosperm lipids and their partition in the floury and vitreous regions were determined for a set of inbred lines. 25794198 0 25 theme Lipid 0:4 arg1 partitioning 6:17 Lipid partitioning 0:17 Lipid partitioning in maize (Zea mays L.) endosperm 0:50 Lipid partitioning in maize (Zea mays L.) endosperm highlights relationships among starch lipids, amylose, and vitreousness. 25794198 2 26 theme Neutral 273:279 arg1 lipids 281:286 Neutral lipids 273:286 Neutral lipids 273:286 Neutral lipids, i.e., triglycerides and free fatty acids, accounted for more than 80% of endosperm lipids and are almost 2 times higher in the floury than in the vitreous regions. 25794198 1 27 theme lipids 168:173 arg1 Content 125:131 Content 125:131 Content 125:131 Content and composition of maize endosperm lipids and their partition in the floury and vitreous regions were determined for a set of inbred lines. 25794198 1 27 theme lipids 168:173 arg1 partition 185:193 their partition 179:193 their partition in the floury and vitreous regions 179:228 Content and composition of maize endosperm lipids and their partition in the floury and vitreous regions were determined for a set of inbred lines. 25794198 1 27 theme lipids 168:173 arg1 composition 137:147 composition 137:147 composition 137:147 Content and composition of maize endosperm lipids and their partition in the floury and vitreous regions were determined for a set of inbred lines. 25794198 0 28 theme maize 22:26 arg1 endosperm 42:50 maize (Zea mays L.) endosperm 22:50 maize (Zea mays L.) endosperm 22:50 Lipid partitioning in maize (Zea mays L.) endosperm highlights relationships among starch lipids, amylose, and vitreousness. 25794198 4 29 theme vitreous 843:850 arg1 endosperm 852:860 the vitreous endosperm 839:860 the vitreous endosperm 839:860 Remarkably, the highest contents of starch lipids were observed systematically within the vitreous endosperm. 25794198 2 30 dep triglycerides 295:307 arg1 i.e. 289:292 i.e. 289:292 i.e. 289:292 Neutral lipids, i.e., triglycerides and free fatty acids, accounted for more than 80% of endosperm lipids and are almost 2 times higher in the floury than in the vitreous regions. 25794198 4 31 located observed 808:815 arg1 endosperm 852:860 the vitreous endosperm 839:860 the vitreous endosperm 839:860 Remarkably, the highest contents of starch lipids were observed systematically within the vitreous endosperm. 25794198 4 31 located observed 808:815 arg2 contents 777:784 the highest contents 765:784 the highest contents of starch lipids 765:801 Remarkably, the highest contents of starch lipids were observed systematically within the vitreous endosperm. 25794198 2 32 theme endosperm 362:370 arg1 lipids 372:377 endosperm lipids 362:377 endosperm lipids 362:377 Neutral lipids, i.e., triglycerides and free fatty acids, accounted for more than 80% of endosperm lipids and are almost 2 times higher in the floury than in the vitreous regions. 25794198 5 33 theme high 869:872 arg1 amounts 874:880 These high amounts 863:880 These high amounts of starch lipids 863:897 These high amounts of starch lipids were mainly due to lysophosphatidylcholine and were tightly linked to the highest amylose content. 25794198 5 33 theme high 869:872 arg1 lipids 892:897 starch lipids 885:897 starch lipids 885:897 These high amounts of starch lipids were mainly due to lysophosphatidylcholine and were tightly linked to the highest amylose content. 25794198 3 34 theme lipids 482:487 arg1 composition 457:467 The composition 453:467 The composition of endosperm lipids, including their fatty acid unsaturation levels, as well as their distribution 453:566 The composition of endosperm lipids, including their fatty acid unsaturation levels, as well as their distribution may be related to metabolic specificities of the floury and vitreous regions in carbon and nitrogen storage and to the management of stress responses during endosperm cell development. 25794198 3 34 theme lipids 482:487 arg1 related 575:581 related 575:581 related 575:581 The composition of endosperm lipids, including their fatty acid unsaturation levels, as well as their distribution may be related to metabolic specificities of the floury and vitreous regions in carbon and nitrogen storage and to the management of stress responses during endosperm cell development. 25794198 6 35 theme outstanding 1098:1108 arg1 formation 1016:1024 the formation 1012:1024 the formation of amylose-lysophosphatidylcholine complexes 1012:1069 Consequently, the formation of amylose-lysophosphatidylcholine complexes has to be considered as an outstanding mechanism affecting endosperm vitreousness. 25794198 6 35 theme outstanding 1098:1108 arg1 mechanism 1110:1118 an outstanding mechanism 1095:1118 an outstanding mechanism affecting endosperm vitreousness 1095:1151 Consequently, the formation of amylose-lysophosphatidylcholine complexes has to be considered as an outstanding mechanism affecting endosperm vitreousness. 25794198 0 36 theme Zea 29:31 arg1 maize 22:26 maize 22:26 maize (Zea mays L.) endosperm 22:50 Lipid partitioning in maize (Zea mays L.) endosperm highlights relationships among starch lipids, amylose, and vitreousness. 25794198 0 36 theme Zea 29:31 arg1 L. 38:39 Zea mays L. 29:39 Zea mays L. 29:39 Lipid partitioning in maize (Zea mays L.) endosperm highlights relationships among starch lipids, amylose, and vitreousness. 25794198 1 37 theme inbred 259:264 arg1 lines 266:270 inbred lines 259:270 inbred lines 259:270 Content and composition of maize endosperm lipids and their partition in the floury and vitreous regions were determined for a set of inbred lines. 25794198 3 38 theme acid 512:515 arg1 unsaturation 517:528 their fatty acid unsaturation 500:528 their fatty acid unsaturation levels 500:535 The composition of endosperm lipids, including their fatty acid unsaturation levels, as well as their distribution may be related to metabolic specificities of the floury and vitreous regions in carbon and nitrogen storage and to the management of stress responses during endosperm cell development. 25794198 1 39 theme lines 266:270 arg1 set 252:254 a set 250:254 a set of inbred lines 250:270 Content and composition of maize endosperm lipids and their partition in the floury and vitreous regions were determined for a set of inbred lines. 25794198 1 39 theme lines 266:270 arg1 lines 266:270 inbred lines 259:270 inbred lines 259:270 Content and composition of maize endosperm lipids and their partition in the floury and vitreous regions were determined for a set of inbred lines. 25794198 2 40 theme lipids 372:377 arg1 % 357:357 more than 80% 345:357 more than 80% of endosperm lipids 345:377 Neutral lipids, i.e., triglycerides and free fatty acids, accounted for more than 80% of endosperm lipids and are almost 2 times higher in the floury than in the vitreous regions. 25794198 2 40 theme lipids 372:377 arg1 lipids 372:377 endosperm lipids 362:377 endosperm lipids 362:377 Neutral lipids, i.e., triglycerides and free fatty acids, accounted for more than 80% of endosperm lipids and are almost 2 times higher in the floury than in the vitreous regions. 25794198 1 41 from partition 185:193 arg1 regions 222:228 the floury and vitreous regions 198:228 the floury and vitreous regions 198:228 Content and composition of maize endosperm lipids and their partition in the floury and vitreous regions were determined for a set of inbred lines. 25794198 2 42 theme 2 394:394 arg1 times 396:400 times 396:400 times 396:400 Neutral lipids, i.e., triglycerides and free fatty acids, accounted for more than 80% of endosperm lipids and are almost 2 times higher in the floury than in the vitreous regions. 25794198 5 43 theme highest 973:979 arg1 content 989:995 the highest amylose content 969:995 the highest amylose content 969:995 These high amounts of starch lipids were mainly due to lysophosphatidylcholine and were tightly linked to the highest amylose content. 25794198 0 44 theme mays 33:36 arg1 maize 22:26 maize 22:26 maize (Zea mays L.) endosperm 22:50 Lipid partitioning in maize (Zea mays L.) endosperm highlights relationships among starch lipids, amylose, and vitreousness. 25794198 0 44 theme mays 33:36 arg1 L. 38:39 Zea mays L. 29:39 Zea mays L. 29:39 Lipid partitioning in maize (Zea mays L.) endosperm highlights relationships among starch lipids, amylose, and vitreousness. 25794198 3 45 theme fatty 506:510 arg1 unsaturation 517:528 their fatty acid unsaturation 500:528 their fatty acid unsaturation levels 500:535 The composition of endosperm lipids, including their fatty acid unsaturation levels, as well as their distribution may be related to metabolic specificities of the floury and vitreous regions in carbon and nitrogen storage and to the management of stress responses during endosperm cell development. 25794198 3 46 theme metabolic 586:594 arg1 specificities 596:608 metabolic specificities 586:608 metabolic specificities of the floury and vitreous regions in carbon and nitrogen storage 586:674 The composition of endosperm lipids, including their fatty acid unsaturation levels, as well as their distribution may be related to metabolic specificities of the floury and vitreous regions in carbon and nitrogen storage and to the management of stress responses during endosperm cell development. 25794198 5 47 attach linked 959:964 arg2 lipids 892:897 starch lipids 885:897 starch lipids 885:897 These high amounts of starch lipids were mainly due to lysophosphatidylcholine and were tightly linked to the highest amylose content. 25794198 5 47 attach linked 959:964 arg1 content 989:995 the highest amylose content 969:995 the highest amylose content 969:995 These high amounts of starch lipids were mainly due to lysophosphatidylcholine and were tightly linked to the highest amylose content. 25794198 5 47 attach linked 959:964 arg2 amounts 874:880 These high amounts 863:880 These high amounts of starch lipids 863:897 These high amounts of starch lipids were mainly due to lysophosphatidylcholine and were tightly linked to the highest amylose content. 25794198 3 48 theme unsaturation 517:528 arg1 levels 530:535 their fatty acid unsaturation levels 500:535 their fatty acid unsaturation levels 500:535 The composition of endosperm lipids, including their fatty acid unsaturation levels, as well as their distribution may be related to metabolic specificities of the floury and vitreous regions in carbon and nitrogen storage and to the management of stress responses during endosperm cell development. 25794198 3 49 theme endosperm 472:480 arg1 distribution 555:566 their distribution 549:566 their distribution 549:566 The composition of endosperm lipids, including their fatty acid unsaturation levels, as well as their distribution may be related to metabolic specificities of the floury and vitreous regions in carbon and nitrogen storage and to the management of stress responses during endosperm cell development. 25794198 3 49 theme endosperm 472:480 arg1 lipids 482:487 endosperm lipids 472:487 endosperm lipids 472:487 The composition of endosperm lipids, including their fatty acid unsaturation levels, as well as their distribution may be related to metabolic specificities of the floury and vitreous regions in carbon and nitrogen storage and to the management of stress responses during endosperm cell development. 25794198 3 49 theme endosperm 472:480 arg1 levels 530:535 their fatty acid unsaturation levels 500:535 their fatty acid unsaturation levels 500:535 The composition of endosperm lipids, including their fatty acid unsaturation levels, as well as their distribution may be related to metabolic specificities of the floury and vitreous regions in carbon and nitrogen storage and to the management of stress responses during endosperm cell development. 25794198 3 50 theme responses 708:716 arg1 management 687:696 the management 683:696 the management of stress responses during endosperm cell development 683:750 The composition of endosperm lipids, including their fatty acid unsaturation levels, as well as their distribution may be related to metabolic specificities of the floury and vitreous regions in carbon and nitrogen storage and to the management of stress responses during endosperm cell development. 25794198 5 51 theme amylose 981:987 arg1 content 989:995 the highest amylose content 969:995 the highest amylose content 969:995 These high amounts of starch lipids were mainly due to lysophosphatidylcholine and were tightly linked to the highest amylose content. 25794198 6 52 theme amylose-lysophosphatidylcholine 1029:1059 arg1 complexes 1061:1069 amylose-lysophosphatidylcholine complexes 1029:1069 amylose-lysophosphatidylcholine complexes 1029:1069 Consequently, the formation of amylose-lysophosphatidylcholine complexes has to be considered as an outstanding mechanism affecting endosperm vitreousness. 25794198 1 53 theme floury 202:207 arg1 regions 222:228 the floury and vitreous regions 198:228 the floury and vitreous regions 198:228 Content and composition of maize endosperm lipids and their partition in the floury and vitreous regions were determined for a set of inbred lines. 25794198 6 54 theme complexes 1061:1069 arg1 formation 1016:1024 the formation 1012:1024 the formation of amylose-lysophosphatidylcholine complexes 1012:1069 Consequently, the formation of amylose-lysophosphatidylcholine complexes has to be considered as an outstanding mechanism affecting endosperm vitreousness. 25794198 6 54 theme complexes 1061:1069 arg1 mechanism 1110:1118 an outstanding mechanism 1095:1118 an outstanding mechanism affecting endosperm vitreousness 1095:1151 Consequently, the formation of amylose-lysophosphatidylcholine complexes has to be considered as an outstanding mechanism affecting endosperm vitreousness. 25794198 3 55 dep carbon 648:653 arg1 storage 668:674 storage 668:674 storage 668:674 The composition of endosperm lipids, including their fatty acid unsaturation levels, as well as their distribution may be related to metabolic specificities of the floury and vitreous regions in carbon and nitrogen storage and to the management of stress responses during endosperm cell development. 25794198 3 56 theme stress 701:706 arg1 responses 708:716 stress responses 701:716 stress responses 701:716 The composition of endosperm lipids, including their fatty acid unsaturation levels, as well as their distribution may be related to metabolic specificities of the floury and vitreous regions in carbon and nitrogen storage and to the management of stress responses during endosperm cell development. 25794198 2 57 theme fatty 318:322 arg1 acids 324:328 free fatty acids 313:328 free fatty acids 313:328 Neutral lipids, i.e., triglycerides and free fatty acids, accounted for more than 80% of endosperm lipids and are almost 2 times higher in the floury than in the vitreous regions. 25794198 1 58 theme vitreous 213:220 arg1 regions 222:228 the floury and vitreous regions 198:228 the floury and vitreous regions 198:228 Content and composition of maize endosperm lipids and their partition in the floury and vitreous regions were determined for a set of inbred lines. 25280724 5 0 theme material 1141:1148 arg1 pockets 1150:1156 material pockets 1141:1156 material pockets 1141:1156 Using material pockets to contain the sugar glass-embedded microfiber paper, the α-relaxation temperature, Tα, was determined as a function of the water content in trehalose and sucrose samples using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). 25280724 2 1 theme samples 374:380 arg1 area 406:409 an enhanced surface area 386:409 an enhanced surface area for drying 386:420 Microfiber filter papers are good substrates for drying biologics in the presence of sugar glass-formers, providing for an even distribution of samples and an enhanced surface area for drying, but the opaqueness prevents macroscopic observation of the sample and can introduce complexities that impede physical characterization. 25280724 2 1 theme samples 374:380 arg1 distribution 358:369 an even distribution 350:369 an even distribution of samples 350:380 Microfiber filter papers are good substrates for drying biologics in the presence of sugar glass-formers, providing for an even distribution of samples and an enhanced surface area for drying, but the opaqueness prevents macroscopic observation of the sample and can introduce complexities that impede physical characterization. 25280724 7 2 theme plasticizing 1491:1502 arg1 effects 1504:1510 the plasticizing effects 1487:1510 the plasticizing effects of water 1487:1519 The data also demonstrated the plasticizing effects of water, as Tα was shown to correlate with water content via a Gordon-Taylor-like relationship. 25280724 3 3 theme such 831:834 arg1 environments 844:855 such complex environments 831:855 such complex environments 831:855 Because drying kinetics and processing conditions can impact the relaxation dynamics (e.g., α- and β-relaxation), which can influence the efficacy of the glass as a stabilizer, methods are needed that can enable a determination of relaxation phenomena of sugar glasses in such complex environments. 25280724 0 4 theme microfiber 77:86 arg1 substrates 88:97 microfiber substrates 77:97 microfiber substrates 77:97 Determination of the relaxation characteristics of sugar glasses embedded in microfiber substrates. 25280724 4 5 theme compositions 1081:1092 arg1 characteristics 1046:1060 relaxation characteristics 1035:1060 relaxation characteristics of amorphous sugar compositions embedded within these filter substrates 1035:1132 In this study we present a method which provides verification of the absence of crystallinity following drying on glass fiber filter paper and also enables the determination of relaxation characteristics of amorphous sugar compositions embedded within these filter substrates. 25280724 3 6 theme complex 836:842 arg1 environments 844:855 such complex environments 831:855 such complex environments 831:855 Because drying kinetics and processing conditions can impact the relaxation dynamics (e.g., α- and β-relaxation), which can influence the efficacy of the glass as a stabilizer, methods are needed that can enable a determination of relaxation phenomena of sugar glasses in such complex environments. 25280724 5 7 theme sucrose 1313:1319 arg1 samples 1321:1327 trehalose and sucrose samples 1299:1327 trehalose and sucrose samples using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) 1299:1367 Using material pockets to contain the sugar glass-embedded microfiber paper, the α-relaxation temperature, Tα, was determined as a function of the water content in trehalose and sucrose samples using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). 25280724 8 8 theme new 1741:1743 arg1 insights 1745:1752 new insights 1741:1752 new insights into the relaxation characteristics of glasses prepared by microwave-assisted drying on filter papers 1741:1854 Our findings validate a new approach for determining the relaxation characteristics of microfiber embedded sugar glasses, and offer new insights into the relaxation characteristics of glasses prepared by microwave-assisted drying on filter papers. 25280724 4 9 theme sugar 1075:1079 arg1 compositions 1081:1092 amorphous sugar compositions 1065:1092 amorphous sugar compositions embedded within these filter substrates 1065:1132 In this study we present a method which provides verification of the absence of crystallinity following drying on glass fiber filter paper and also enables the determination of relaxation characteristics of amorphous sugar compositions embedded within these filter substrates. 25280724 3 10 theme glasses 820:826 arg1 determination 773:785 a determination 771:785 a determination of relaxation phenomena of sugar glasses 771:826 Because drying kinetics and processing conditions can impact the relaxation dynamics (e.g., α- and β-relaxation), which can influence the efficacy of the glass as a stabilizer, methods are needed that can enable a determination of relaxation phenomena of sugar glasses in such complex environments. 25280724 4 11 theme crystallinity 938:950 arg1 absence 927:933 the absence 923:933 the absence of crystallinity 923:950 In this study we present a method which provides verification of the absence of crystallinity following drying on glass fiber filter paper and also enables the determination of relaxation characteristics of amorphous sugar compositions embedded within these filter substrates. 25280724 5 12 theme Mechanical 1343:1352 arg1 DMA 1364:1366 DMA 1364:1366 DMA 1364:1366 Using material pockets to contain the sugar glass-embedded microfiber paper, the α-relaxation temperature, Tα, was determined as a function of the water content in trehalose and sucrose samples using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). 25280724 5 12 theme Mechanical 1343:1352 arg1 Analysis 1354:1361 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis 1335:1361 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) 1335:1367 Using material pockets to contain the sugar glass-embedded microfiber paper, the α-relaxation temperature, Tα, was determined as a function of the water content in trehalose and sucrose samples using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). 25280724 5 13 from content 1288:1294 arg1 samples 1321:1327 trehalose and sucrose samples 1299:1327 trehalose and sucrose samples using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) 1299:1367 Using material pockets to contain the sugar glass-embedded microfiber paper, the α-relaxation temperature, Tα, was determined as a function of the water content in trehalose and sucrose samples using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). 25280724 8 14 theme relaxation 1666:1675 arg1 characteristics 1677:1691 the relaxation characteristics 1662:1691 the relaxation characteristics of microfiber embedded sugar glasses 1662:1728 Our findings validate a new approach for determining the relaxation characteristics of microfiber embedded sugar glasses, and offer new insights into the relaxation characteristics of glasses prepared by microwave-assisted drying on filter papers. 25280724 2 15 theme physical 532:539 arg1 characterization 541:556 physical characterization 532:556 physical characterization 532:556 Microfiber filter papers are good substrates for drying biologics in the presence of sugar glass-formers, providing for an even distribution of samples and an enhanced surface area for drying, but the opaqueness prevents macroscopic observation of the sample and can introduce complexities that impede physical characterization. 25280724 8 16 theme glasses 1722:1728 arg1 characteristics 1677:1691 the relaxation characteristics 1662:1691 the relaxation characteristics of microfiber embedded sugar glasses 1662:1728 Our findings validate a new approach for determining the relaxation characteristics of microfiber embedded sugar glasses, and offer new insights into the relaxation characteristics of glasses prepared by microwave-assisted drying on filter papers. 25280724 6 17 theme spectroscopic 1437:1449 arg1 studies 1451:1457 previous calorimetric and spectroscopic studies 1411:1457 previous calorimetric and spectroscopic studies 1411:1457 Results were verified by comparison with previous calorimetric and spectroscopic studies. 25280724 4 18 theme filter 1116:1121 arg1 substrates 1123:1132 these filter substrates 1110:1132 these filter substrates 1110:1132 In this study we present a method which provides verification of the absence of crystallinity following drying on glass fiber filter paper and also enables the determination of relaxation characteristics of amorphous sugar compositions embedded within these filter substrates. 25280724 8 19 theme embedded 1707:1714 arg1 glasses 1722:1728 microfiber embedded sugar glasses 1696:1728 microfiber embedded sugar glasses 1696:1728 Our findings validate a new approach for determining the relaxation characteristics of microfiber embedded sugar glasses, and offer new insights into the relaxation characteristics of glasses prepared by microwave-assisted drying on filter papers. 25280724 6 20 theme calorimetric 1420:1431 arg1 studies 1451:1457 previous calorimetric and spectroscopic studies 1411:1457 previous calorimetric and spectroscopic studies 1411:1457 Results were verified by comparison with previous calorimetric and spectroscopic studies. 25280724 7 21 theme Gordon-Taylor-like 1576:1593 arg1 relationship 1595:1606 a Gordon-Taylor-like relationship 1574:1606 a Gordon-Taylor-like relationship 1574:1606 The data also demonstrated the plasticizing effects of water, as Tα was shown to correlate with water content via a Gordon-Taylor-like relationship. 25280724 3 22 theme drying 567:572 arg1 kinetics 574:581 drying kinetics 567:581 drying kinetics 567:581 Because drying kinetics and processing conditions can impact the relaxation dynamics (e.g., α- and β-relaxation), which can influence the efficacy of the glass as a stabilizer, methods are needed that can enable a determination of relaxation phenomena of sugar glasses in such complex environments. 25280724 4 23 theme absence 927:933 arg1 verification 907:918 verification 907:918 verification of the absence of crystallinity 907:950 In this study we present a method which provides verification of the absence of crystallinity following drying on glass fiber filter paper and also enables the determination of relaxation characteristics of amorphous sugar compositions embedded within these filter substrates. 25280724 4 24 theme filter 984:989 arg1 paper 991:995 glass fiber filter paper 972:995 glass fiber filter paper 972:995 In this study we present a method which provides verification of the absence of crystallinity following drying on glass fiber filter paper and also enables the determination of relaxation characteristics of amorphous sugar compositions embedded within these filter substrates. 25280724 6 25 theme previous 1411:1418 arg1 studies 1451:1457 previous calorimetric and spectroscopic studies 1411:1457 previous calorimetric and spectroscopic studies 1411:1457 Results were verified by comparison with previous calorimetric and spectroscopic studies. 25280724 2 26 theme surface 398:404 arg1 area 406:409 an enhanced surface area 386:409 an enhanced surface area for drying 386:420 Microfiber filter papers are good substrates for drying biologics in the presence of sugar glass-formers, providing for an even distribution of samples and an enhanced surface area for drying, but the opaqueness prevents macroscopic observation of the sample and can introduce complexities that impede physical characterization. 25280724 2 27 theme macroscopic 451:461 arg1 observation 463:473 macroscopic observation 451:473 macroscopic observation of the sample 451:487 Microfiber filter papers are good substrates for drying biologics in the presence of sugar glass-formers, providing for an even distribution of samples and an enhanced surface area for drying, but the opaqueness prevents macroscopic observation of the sample and can introduce complexities that impede physical characterization. 25280724 8 28 theme filter 1842:1847 arg1 papers 1849:1854 filter papers 1842:1854 filter papers 1842:1854 Our findings validate a new approach for determining the relaxation characteristics of microfiber embedded sugar glasses, and offer new insights into the relaxation characteristics of glasses prepared by microwave-assisted drying on filter papers. 25280724 8 29 from drying 1832:1837 arg1 papers 1849:1854 filter papers 1842:1854 filter papers 1842:1854 Our findings validate a new approach for determining the relaxation characteristics of microfiber embedded sugar glasses, and offer new insights into the relaxation characteristics of glasses prepared by microwave-assisted drying on filter papers. 25280724 1 30 theme biologics 197:205 arg1 storage 186:192 storage 186:192 storage of biologics without refrigeration 186:227 Recently there has been considerable interest in developing sugar glasses that enable storage of biologics without refrigeration. 25280724 0 31 theme relaxation 21:30 arg1 characteristics 32:46 the relaxation characteristics 17:46 the relaxation characteristics of sugar glasses 17:63 Determination of the relaxation characteristics of sugar glasses embedded in microfiber substrates. 25280724 3 32 theme relaxation 624:633 arg1 dynamics 635:642 the relaxation dynamics 620:642 the relaxation dynamics (e.g., α- and β-relaxation) 620:670 Because drying kinetics and processing conditions can impact the relaxation dynamics (e.g., α- and β-relaxation), which can influence the efficacy of the glass as a stabilizer, methods are needed that can enable a determination of relaxation phenomena of sugar glasses in such complex environments. 25280724 2 33 theme glass-formers 321:333 arg1 presence 303:310 the presence 299:310 the presence of sugar glass-formers 299:333 Microfiber filter papers are good substrates for drying biologics in the presence of sugar glass-formers, providing for an even distribution of samples and an enhanced surface area for drying, but the opaqueness prevents macroscopic observation of the sample and can introduce complexities that impede physical characterization. 25280724 2 34 from substrates 264:273 arg1 presence 303:310 the presence 299:310 the presence of sugar glass-formers 299:333 Microfiber filter papers are good substrates for drying biologics in the presence of sugar glass-formers, providing for an even distribution of samples and an enhanced surface area for drying, but the opaqueness prevents macroscopic observation of the sample and can introduce complexities that impede physical characterization. 25280724 4 35 theme relaxation 1035:1044 arg1 characteristics 1046:1060 relaxation characteristics 1035:1060 relaxation characteristics of amorphous sugar compositions embedded within these filter substrates 1035:1132 In this study we present a method which provides verification of the absence of crystallinity following drying on glass fiber filter paper and also enables the determination of relaxation characteristics of amorphous sugar compositions embedded within these filter substrates. 25280724 5 36 theme α-relaxation 1216:1227 arg1 function 1266:1273 a function 1264:1273 a function of the water content in trehalose and sucrose samples using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) 1264:1367 Using material pockets to contain the sugar glass-embedded microfiber paper, the α-relaxation temperature, Tα, was determined as a function of the water content in trehalose and sucrose samples using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). 25280724 5 36 theme α-relaxation 1216:1227 arg1 Tα 1242:1243 Tα 1242:1243 Tα 1242:1243 Using material pockets to contain the sugar glass-embedded microfiber paper, the α-relaxation temperature, Tα, was determined as a function of the water content in trehalose and sucrose samples using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). 25280724 5 36 theme α-relaxation 1216:1227 arg1 temperature 1229:1239 the α-relaxation temperature 1212:1239 the α-relaxation temperature 1212:1239 Using material pockets to contain the sugar glass-embedded microfiber paper, the α-relaxation temperature, Tα, was determined as a function of the water content in trehalose and sucrose samples using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). 25280724 0 37 from substrates 88:97 arg1 embedded 65:72 embedded 65:72 embedded 65:72 Determination of the relaxation characteristics of sugar glasses embedded in microfiber substrates. 25280724 2 38 theme sugar 315:319 arg1 glass-formers 321:333 sugar glass-formers 315:333 sugar glass-formers 315:333 Microfiber filter papers are good substrates for drying biologics in the presence of sugar glass-formers, providing for an even distribution of samples and an enhanced surface area for drying, but the opaqueness prevents macroscopic observation of the sample and can introduce complexities that impede physical characterization. 25280724 5 39 theme Dynamic 1335:1341 arg1 DMA 1364:1366 DMA 1364:1366 DMA 1364:1366 Using material pockets to contain the sugar glass-embedded microfiber paper, the α-relaxation temperature, Tα, was determined as a function of the water content in trehalose and sucrose samples using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). 25280724 5 39 theme Dynamic 1335:1341 arg1 Analysis 1354:1361 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis 1335:1361 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) 1335:1367 Using material pockets to contain the sugar glass-embedded microfiber paper, the α-relaxation temperature, Tα, was determined as a function of the water content in trehalose and sucrose samples using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). 25280724 8 40 theme glasses 1793:1799 arg1 characteristics 1774:1788 the relaxation characteristics 1759:1788 the relaxation characteristics of glasses prepared by microwave-assisted drying on filter papers 1759:1854 Our findings validate a new approach for determining the relaxation characteristics of microfiber embedded sugar glasses, and offer new insights into the relaxation characteristics of glasses prepared by microwave-assisted drying on filter papers. 25280724 2 41 theme even 353:356 arg1 distribution 358:369 an even distribution 350:369 an even distribution of samples 350:380 Microfiber filter papers are good substrates for drying biologics in the presence of sugar glass-formers, providing for an even distribution of samples and an enhanced surface area for drying, but the opaqueness prevents macroscopic observation of the sample and can introduce complexities that impede physical characterization. 25280724 7 42 theme water 1556:1560 arg1 content 1562:1568 water content 1556:1568 water content 1556:1568 The data also demonstrated the plasticizing effects of water, as Tα was shown to correlate with water content via a Gordon-Taylor-like relationship. 25280724 5 43 theme water 1282:1286 arg1 content 1288:1294 the water content 1278:1294 the water content in trehalose and sucrose samples using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) 1278:1367 Using material pockets to contain the sugar glass-embedded microfiber paper, the α-relaxation temperature, Tα, was determined as a function of the water content in trehalose and sucrose samples using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). 25280724 2 44 theme good 259:262 arg1 papers 248:253 Microfiber filter papers 230:253 Microfiber filter papers 230:253 Microfiber filter papers are good substrates for drying biologics in the presence of sugar glass-formers, providing for an even distribution of samples and an enhanced surface area for drying, but the opaqueness prevents macroscopic observation of the sample and can introduce complexities that impede physical characterization. 25280724 2 44 theme good 259:262 arg1 substrates 264:273 good substrates 259:273 good substrates for drying biologics 259:294 Microfiber filter papers are good substrates for drying biologics in the presence of sugar glass-formers, providing for an even distribution of samples and an enhanced surface area for drying, but the opaqueness prevents macroscopic observation of the sample and can introduce complexities that impede physical characterization. 25280724 2 45 theme enhanced 389:396 arg1 area 406:409 an enhanced surface area 386:409 an enhanced surface area for drying 386:420 Microfiber filter papers are good substrates for drying biologics in the presence of sugar glass-formers, providing for an even distribution of samples and an enhanced surface area for drying, but the opaqueness prevents macroscopic observation of the sample and can introduce complexities that impede physical characterization. 25280724 3 46 dep α- 651:652 arg1 e.g. 645:648 e.g. 645:648 e.g. 645:648 Because drying kinetics and processing conditions can impact the relaxation dynamics (e.g., α- and β-relaxation), which can influence the efficacy of the glass as a stabilizer, methods are needed that can enable a determination of relaxation phenomena of sugar glasses in such complex environments. 25280724 2 47 theme sample 482:487 arg1 observation 463:473 macroscopic observation 451:473 macroscopic observation of the sample 451:487 Microfiber filter papers are good substrates for drying biologics in the presence of sugar glass-formers, providing for an even distribution of samples and an enhanced surface area for drying, but the opaqueness prevents macroscopic observation of the sample and can introduce complexities that impede physical characterization. 25280724 5 48 theme sugar 1173:1177 arg1 paper 1205:1209 the sugar glass-embedded microfiber paper 1169:1209 the sugar glass-embedded microfiber paper 1169:1209 Using material pockets to contain the sugar glass-embedded microfiber paper, the α-relaxation temperature, Tα, was determined as a function of the water content in trehalose and sucrose samples using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). 25280724 0 49 theme characteristics 32:46 arg1 Determination 0:12 Determination 0:12 Determination of the relaxation characteristics of sugar glasses 0:63 Determination of the relaxation characteristics of sugar glasses embedded in microfiber substrates. 25280724 4 50 theme characteristics 1046:1060 arg1 determination 1018:1030 the determination 1014:1030 the determination of relaxation characteristics of amorphous sugar compositions embedded within these filter substrates 1014:1132 In this study we present a method which provides verification of the absence of crystallinity following drying on glass fiber filter paper and also enables the determination of relaxation characteristics of amorphous sugar compositions embedded within these filter substrates. 25280724 6 51 with comparison 1395:1404 arg1 studies 1451:1457 previous calorimetric and spectroscopic studies 1411:1457 previous calorimetric and spectroscopic studies 1411:1457 Results were verified by comparison with previous calorimetric and spectroscopic studies. 25280724 0 52 theme glasses 57:63 arg1 characteristics 32:46 the relaxation characteristics 17:46 the relaxation characteristics of sugar glasses 17:63 Determination of the relaxation characteristics of sugar glasses embedded in microfiber substrates. 25280724 5 53 theme glass-embedded 1179:1192 arg1 paper 1205:1209 the sugar glass-embedded microfiber paper 1169:1209 the sugar glass-embedded microfiber paper 1169:1209 Using material pockets to contain the sugar glass-embedded microfiber paper, the α-relaxation temperature, Tα, was determined as a function of the water content in trehalose and sucrose samples using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). 25280724 0 54 from embedded 65:72 arg1 substrates 88:97 microfiber substrates 77:97 microfiber substrates 77:97 Determination of the relaxation characteristics of sugar glasses embedded in microfiber substrates. 25280724 5 55 from samples 1321:1327 arg1 temperature 1229:1239 the α-relaxation temperature 1212:1239 the α-relaxation temperature 1212:1239 Using material pockets to contain the sugar glass-embedded microfiber paper, the α-relaxation temperature, Tα, was determined as a function of the water content in trehalose and sucrose samples using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). 25280724 5 55 from samples 1321:1327 arg1 function 1266:1273 a function 1264:1273 a function of the water content in trehalose and sucrose samples using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) 1264:1367 Using material pockets to contain the sugar glass-embedded microfiber paper, the α-relaxation temperature, Tα, was determined as a function of the water content in trehalose and sucrose samples using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). 25280724 0 56 theme sugar 51:55 arg1 glasses 57:63 sugar glasses 51:63 sugar glasses 51:63 Determination of the relaxation characteristics of sugar glasses embedded in microfiber substrates. 25280724 5 57 theme microfiber 1194:1203 arg1 paper 1205:1209 the sugar glass-embedded microfiber paper 1169:1209 the sugar glass-embedded microfiber paper 1169:1209 Using material pockets to contain the sugar glass-embedded microfiber paper, the α-relaxation temperature, Tα, was determined as a function of the water content in trehalose and sucrose samples using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). 25280724 5 58 from function 1266:1273 arg1 samples 1321:1327 trehalose and sucrose samples 1299:1327 trehalose and sucrose samples using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) 1299:1367 Using material pockets to contain the sugar glass-embedded microfiber paper, the α-relaxation temperature, Tα, was determined as a function of the water content in trehalose and sucrose samples using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). 25280724 2 59 theme Microfiber 230:239 arg1 papers 248:253 Microfiber filter papers 230:253 Microfiber filter papers 230:253 Microfiber filter papers are good substrates for drying biologics in the presence of sugar glass-formers, providing for an even distribution of samples and an enhanced surface area for drying, but the opaqueness prevents macroscopic observation of the sample and can introduce complexities that impede physical characterization. 25280724 2 59 theme Microfiber 230:239 arg1 substrates 264:273 good substrates 259:273 good substrates for drying biologics 259:294 Microfiber filter papers are good substrates for drying biologics in the presence of sugar glass-formers, providing for an even distribution of samples and an enhanced surface area for drying, but the opaqueness prevents macroscopic observation of the sample and can introduce complexities that impede physical characterization. 25280724 2 60 theme filter 241:246 arg1 papers 248:253 Microfiber filter papers 230:253 Microfiber filter papers 230:253 Microfiber filter papers are good substrates for drying biologics in the presence of sugar glass-formers, providing for an even distribution of samples and an enhanced surface area for drying, but the opaqueness prevents macroscopic observation of the sample and can introduce complexities that impede physical characterization. 25280724 2 60 theme filter 241:246 arg1 substrates 264:273 good substrates 259:273 good substrates for drying biologics 259:294 Microfiber filter papers are good substrates for drying biologics in the presence of sugar glass-formers, providing for an even distribution of samples and an enhanced surface area for drying, but the opaqueness prevents macroscopic observation of the sample and can introduce complexities that impede physical characterization. 25280724 1 61 theme considerable 124:135 arg1 interest 137:144 considerable interest 124:144 considerable interest in developing sugar glasses that enable storage of biologics without refrigeration 124:227 Recently there has been considerable interest in developing sugar glasses that enable storage of biologics without refrigeration. 25280724 8 62 theme microfiber 1696:1705 arg1 glasses 1722:1728 microfiber embedded sugar glasses 1696:1728 microfiber embedded sugar glasses 1696:1728 Our findings validate a new approach for determining the relaxation characteristics of microfiber embedded sugar glasses, and offer new insights into the relaxation characteristics of glasses prepared by microwave-assisted drying on filter papers. 25280724 8 63 theme microwave-assisted 1813:1830 arg1 drying 1832:1837 microwave-assisted drying 1813:1837 microwave-assisted drying on filter papers 1813:1854 Our findings validate a new approach for determining the relaxation characteristics of microfiber embedded sugar glasses, and offer new insights into the relaxation characteristics of glasses prepared by microwave-assisted drying on filter papers. 25280724 7 64 theme water 1515:1519 arg1 effects 1504:1510 the plasticizing effects 1487:1510 the plasticizing effects of water 1487:1519 The data also demonstrated the plasticizing effects of water, as Tα was shown to correlate with water content via a Gordon-Taylor-like relationship. 25280724 3 65 theme processing 587:596 arg1 conditions 598:607 processing conditions 587:607 processing conditions 587:607 Because drying kinetics and processing conditions can impact the relaxation dynamics (e.g., α- and β-relaxation), which can influence the efficacy of the glass as a stabilizer, methods are needed that can enable a determination of relaxation phenomena of sugar glasses in such complex environments. 25280724 8 66 theme new 1633:1635 arg1 approach 1637:1644 a new approach 1631:1644 a new approach for determining the relaxation characteristics of microfiber embedded sugar glasses 1631:1728 Our findings validate a new approach for determining the relaxation characteristics of microfiber embedded sugar glasses, and offer new insights into the relaxation characteristics of glasses prepared by microwave-assisted drying on filter papers. 25280724 2 67 theme drying 279:284 arg1 biologics 286:294 drying biologics 279:294 drying biologics 279:294 Microfiber filter papers are good substrates for drying biologics in the presence of sugar glass-formers, providing for an even distribution of samples and an enhanced surface area for drying, but the opaqueness prevents macroscopic observation of the sample and can introduce complexities that impede physical characterization. 25280724 5 68 theme trehalose 1299:1307 arg1 samples 1321:1327 trehalose and sucrose samples 1299:1327 trehalose and sucrose samples using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) 1299:1367 Using material pockets to contain the sugar glass-embedded microfiber paper, the α-relaxation temperature, Tα, was determined as a function of the water content in trehalose and sucrose samples using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). 25280724 8 69 theme relaxation 1763:1772 arg1 characteristics 1774:1788 the relaxation characteristics 1759:1788 the relaxation characteristics of glasses prepared by microwave-assisted drying on filter papers 1759:1854 Our findings validate a new approach for determining the relaxation characteristics of microfiber embedded sugar glasses, and offer new insights into the relaxation characteristics of glasses prepared by microwave-assisted drying on filter papers. 25280724 4 70 attach present 875:881 arg2 we 872:873 we 872:873 we 872:873 In this study we present a method which provides verification of the absence of crystallinity following drying on glass fiber filter paper and also enables the determination of relaxation characteristics of amorphous sugar compositions embedded within these filter substrates. 25280724 4 70 attach present 875:881 arg1 study 866:870 this study 861:870 this study 861:870 In this study we present a method which provides verification of the absence of crystallinity following drying on glass fiber filter paper and also enables the determination of relaxation characteristics of amorphous sugar compositions embedded within these filter substrates. 25280724 3 71 theme sugar 814:818 arg1 glasses 820:826 sugar glasses 814:826 sugar glasses 814:826 Because drying kinetics and processing conditions can impact the relaxation dynamics (e.g., α- and β-relaxation), which can influence the efficacy of the glass as a stabilizer, methods are needed that can enable a determination of relaxation phenomena of sugar glasses in such complex environments. 25280724 4 72 theme fiber 978:982 arg1 paper 991:995 glass fiber filter paper 972:995 glass fiber filter paper 972:995 In this study we present a method which provides verification of the absence of crystallinity following drying on glass fiber filter paper and also enables the determination of relaxation characteristics of amorphous sugar compositions embedded within these filter substrates. 25280724 5 73 theme content 1288:1294 arg1 temperature 1229:1239 the α-relaxation temperature 1212:1239 the α-relaxation temperature 1212:1239 Using material pockets to contain the sugar glass-embedded microfiber paper, the α-relaxation temperature, Tα, was determined as a function of the water content in trehalose and sucrose samples using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). 25280724 5 73 theme content 1288:1294 arg1 function 1266:1273 a function 1264:1273 a function of the water content in trehalose and sucrose samples using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) 1264:1367 Using material pockets to contain the sugar glass-embedded microfiber paper, the α-relaxation temperature, Tα, was determined as a function of the water content in trehalose and sucrose samples using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). 25280724 8 74 theme sugar 1716:1720 arg1 glasses 1722:1728 microfiber embedded sugar glasses 1696:1728 microfiber embedded sugar glasses 1696:1728 Our findings validate a new approach for determining the relaxation characteristics of microfiber embedded sugar glasses, and offer new insights into the relaxation characteristics of glasses prepared by microwave-assisted drying on filter papers. 25280724 4 75 theme embedded 1094:1101 arg1 compositions 1081:1092 amorphous sugar compositions 1065:1092 amorphous sugar compositions embedded within these filter substrates 1065:1132 In this study we present a method which provides verification of the absence of crystallinity following drying on glass fiber filter paper and also enables the determination of relaxation characteristics of amorphous sugar compositions embedded within these filter substrates. 25280724 3 76 theme relaxation 790:799 arg1 phenomena 801:809 relaxation phenomena 790:809 relaxation phenomena 790:809 Because drying kinetics and processing conditions can impact the relaxation dynamics (e.g., α- and β-relaxation), which can influence the efficacy of the glass as a stabilizer, methods are needed that can enable a determination of relaxation phenomena of sugar glasses in such complex environments. 25280724 4 77 theme glass 972:976 arg1 paper 991:995 glass fiber filter paper 972:995 glass fiber filter paper 972:995 In this study we present a method which provides verification of the absence of crystallinity following drying on glass fiber filter paper and also enables the determination of relaxation characteristics of amorphous sugar compositions embedded within these filter substrates. 25280724 3 78 theme glass 713:717 arg1 stabilizer 724:733 a stabilizer 722:733 a stabilizer 722:733 Because drying kinetics and processing conditions can impact the relaxation dynamics (e.g., α- and β-relaxation), which can influence the efficacy of the glass as a stabilizer, methods are needed that can enable a determination of relaxation phenomena of sugar glasses in such complex environments. 25280724 3 78 theme glass 713:717 arg1 efficacy 697:704 the efficacy 693:704 the efficacy of the glass 693:717 Because drying kinetics and processing conditions can impact the relaxation dynamics (e.g., α- and β-relaxation), which can influence the efficacy of the glass as a stabilizer, methods are needed that can enable a determination of relaxation phenomena of sugar glasses in such complex environments. 25280724 1 79 theme sugar 160:164 arg1 glasses 166:172 sugar glasses 160:172 sugar glasses that enable storage of biologics without refrigeration 160:227 Recently there has been considerable interest in developing sugar glasses that enable storage of biologics without refrigeration. 25280724 4 80 theme amorphous 1065:1073 arg1 compositions 1081:1092 amorphous sugar compositions 1065:1092 amorphous sugar compositions embedded within these filter substrates 1065:1132 In this study we present a method which provides verification of the absence of crystallinity following drying on glass fiber filter paper and also enables the determination of relaxation characteristics of amorphous sugar compositions embedded within these filter substrates. 25280724 3 81 theme phenomena 801:809 arg1 determination 773:785 a determination 771:785 a determination of relaxation phenomena of sugar glasses 771:826 Because drying kinetics and processing conditions can impact the relaxation dynamics (e.g., α- and β-relaxation), which can influence the efficacy of the glass as a stabilizer, methods are needed that can enable a determination of relaxation phenomena of sugar glasses in such complex environments. 26797258 6 0 theme bioflocculant 1022:1034 arg1 molecules 1036:1044 the bioflocculant molecules 1018:1044 the bioflocculant molecules 1018:1044 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl and amino groups as the main functional groups identified in the bioflocculant molecules. 26797258 10 1 theme high 1462:1465 arg1 activity 1480:1487 high flocculating activity 1462:1487 high flocculating activity of over 70% 1462:1499 It maintained and retained high flocculating activity of over 70% after heating at 100°C for 60 min. 26797258 11 2 theme good 1550:1553 arg1 potential 1573:1581 good turbidity removal potential 1550:1581 good turbidity removal potential (86.9%) 1550:1589 MBF-W7 showed good turbidity removal potential (86.9%) and chemical oxygen demand reduction efficiency (75.3%) in Tyume River. 26797258 11 2 theme good 1550:1553 arg1 % 1588:1588 86.9% 1584:1588 86.9% 1584:1588 MBF-W7 showed good turbidity removal potential (86.9%) and chemical oxygen demand reduction efficiency (75.3%) in Tyume River. 26797258 2 3 theme sequence 339:346 arg1 similarity 348:357 98% sequence similarity 335:357 98% sequence similarity to Bacillus licheniformis strain W7 335:393 The 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acids gene sequence analysis showed 98% sequence similarity to Bacillus licheniformis strain W7. 26797258 10 4 theme % 1499:1499 arg1 activity 1480:1487 high flocculating activity 1462:1487 high flocculating activity of over 70% 1462:1499 It maintained and retained high flocculating activity of over 70% after heating at 100°C for 60 min. 26797258 2 5 theme 16S 268:270 arg1 sequence 310:317 The 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acids gene sequence 264:317 The 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acids gene sequence analysis 264:326 The 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acids gene sequence analysis showed 98% sequence similarity to Bacillus licheniformis strain W7. 26797258 8 6 theme electron 1135:1142 arg1 microscopy 1144:1153 Scanning electron microscopy imaging 1126:1161 Scanning electron microscopy imaging 1126:1161 Scanning electron microscopy imaging revealed that bridging played an important role in flocculation. 26797258 2 7 theme strain 385:390 arg1 W7 392:393 Bacillus licheniformis strain W7 362:393 Bacillus licheniformis strain W7 362:393 The 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acids gene sequence analysis showed 98% sequence similarity to Bacillus licheniformis strain W7. 26797258 4 8 theme optimal 605:611 arg1 conditions 613:622 these optimal conditions 599:622 these optimal conditions 599:622 Under these optimal conditions, maximum flocculating activity of 94.9% was attained after 72 h of cultivation. 26797258 3 9 theme nitrogen 510:517 arg1 sources 519:525 carbon and nitrogen sources 499:525 sources 519:525 Optimum culture conditions for MBF-W7 production include 5% (v/v) inoculum size, maltose and NH4NO3 as carbon and nitrogen sources of choice, medium pH of 6 as the initial pH of the growth medium. 26797258 8 10 theme imaging 1155:1161 arg1 microscopy 1144:1153 Scanning electron microscopy imaging 1126:1161 Scanning electron microscopy imaging 1126:1161 Scanning electron microscopy imaging revealed that bridging played an important role in flocculation. 26797258 2 11 theme gene 305:308 arg1 sequence 310:317 The 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acids gene sequence 264:317 The 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acids gene sequence analysis 264:326 The 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acids gene sequence analysis showed 98% sequence similarity to Bacillus licheniformis strain W7. 26797258 1 12 theme bacterial 182:190 arg1 isolate 192:198 a bacterial isolate 180:198 a bacterial isolate obtained from Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape Province of South Africa 180:261 This study assessed the bioflocculant (named MBF-W7) production potential of a bacterial isolate obtained from Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. 26797258 2 13 theme deoxyribonucleic 282:297 arg1 sequence 310:317 The 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acids gene sequence 264:317 The 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acids gene sequence analysis 264:326 The 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acids gene sequence analysis showed 98% sequence similarity to Bacillus licheniformis strain W7. 26797258 7 14 theme MBF-W7 1118:1123 arg1 profile 1107:1113 the thermal decomposition profile 1081:1113 the thermal decomposition profile of MBF-W7 1081:1123 Thermogravimetric analyses showed the thermal decomposition profile of MBF-W7. 26797258 9 15 theme Mn 1427:1428 arg1 presence 1415:1422 the presence 1411:1422 the presence of Mn(2+) 1411:1432 MBF-W7 exhibited excellent flocculating activity for kaolin clay suspension at 0.2 mg/ml over a wide pH range of 3-11; with the maximal flocculation rate of 85.8% observed at pH 3 in the presence of Mn(2+). 26797258 8 16 theme important 1196:1204 arg1 role 1206:1209 an important role 1193:1209 an important role 1193:1209 Scanning electron microscopy imaging revealed that bridging played an important role in flocculation. 26797258 4 17 theme % 662:662 arg1 activity 646:653 maximum flocculating activity 625:653 maximum flocculating activity of 94.9% 625:662 Under these optimal conditions, maximum flocculating activity of 94.9% was attained after 72 h of cultivation. 26797258 3 18 theme 6 551:551 arg1 choice 530:535 choice 530:535 choice 530:535 Optimum culture conditions for MBF-W7 production include 5% (v/v) inoculum size, maltose and NH4NO3 as carbon and nitrogen sources of choice, medium pH of 6 as the initial pH of the growth medium. 26797258 3 18 theme 6 551:551 arg1 pH 545:546 medium pH 538:546 medium pH of 6 538:551 Optimum culture conditions for MBF-W7 production include 5% (v/v) inoculum size, maltose and NH4NO3 as carbon and nitrogen sources of choice, medium pH of 6 as the initial pH of the growth medium. 26797258 6 19 dep transform 881:889 arg1 infrared 891:898 infrared 891:898 transform infrared spectroscopy 881:911 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl and amino groups as the main functional groups identified in the bioflocculant molecules. 26797258 7 20 theme decomposition 1093:1105 arg1 profile 1107:1113 the thermal decomposition profile 1081:1113 the thermal decomposition profile of MBF-W7 1081:1123 Thermogravimetric analyses showed the thermal decomposition profile of MBF-W7. 26797258 9 21 theme excellent 1245:1253 arg1 activity 1268:1275 excellent flocculating activity 1245:1275 excellent flocculating activity for kaolin clay suspension 1245:1302 MBF-W7 exhibited excellent flocculating activity for kaolin clay suspension at 0.2 mg/ml over a wide pH range of 3-11; with the maximal flocculation rate of 85.8% observed at pH 3 in the presence of Mn(2+). 26797258 4 22 theme flocculating 633:644 arg1 activity 646:653 maximum flocculating activity 625:653 maximum flocculating activity of 94.9% 625:662 Under these optimal conditions, maximum flocculating activity of 94.9% was attained after 72 h of cultivation. 26797258 5 23 theme Chemical 704:711 arg1 analyses 725:732 Chemical composition analyses 704:732 Chemical composition analyses 704:732 Chemical composition analyses showed that the purified MBF-W7 was a glycoprotein which was predominantly composed of polysaccharides 73.7% (w/w) and protein 6.2% (w/w). 26797258 0 24 theme marine 83:88 arg1 sp 99:100 marine Bacillus sp 83:100 marine Bacillus sp 83:100 Evaluation of flocculating performance of a thermostable bioflocculant produced by marine Bacillus sp. 26797258 9 25 theme kaolin 1281:1286 arg1 suspension 1293:1302 kaolin clay suspension 1281:1302 kaolin clay suspension 1281:1302 MBF-W7 exhibited excellent flocculating activity for kaolin clay suspension at 0.2 mg/ml over a wide pH range of 3-11; with the maximal flocculation rate of 85.8% observed at pH 3 in the presence of Mn(2+). 26797258 1 26 theme production 156:165 arg1 potential 167:175 the bioflocculant (named MBF-W7) production potential 123:175 the bioflocculant (named MBF-W7) production potential of a bacterial isolate obtained from Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape Province of South Africa 123:261 This study assessed the bioflocculant (named MBF-W7) production potential of a bacterial isolate obtained from Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. 26797258 1 27 dep bioflocculant 127:139 arg1 MBF-W7 148:153 named MBF-W7 142:153 named MBF-W7 142:153 This study assessed the bioflocculant (named MBF-W7) production potential of a bacterial isolate obtained from Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. 26797258 3 28 theme MBF-W7 427:432 arg1 production 434:443 MBF-W7 production 427:443 MBF-W7 production 427:443 Optimum culture conditions for MBF-W7 production include 5% (v/v) inoculum size, maltose and NH4NO3 as carbon and nitrogen sources of choice, medium pH of 6 as the initial pH of the growth medium. 26797258 6 29 theme functional 986:995 arg1 groups 997:1002 the main functional groups 977:1002 the main functional groups identified in the bioflocculant molecules 977:1044 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl and amino groups as the main functional groups identified in the bioflocculant molecules. 26797258 6 29 theme functional 986:995 arg1 presence 926:933 the presence 922:933 the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl and amino groups 922:972 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl and amino groups as the main functional groups identified in the bioflocculant molecules. 26797258 4 30 theme cultivation 691:701 arg1 72 h 683:686 72 h 683:686 72 h of cultivation 683:701 Under these optimal conditions, maximum flocculating activity of 94.9% was attained after 72 h of cultivation. 26797258 0 31 theme flocculating 14:25 arg1 performance 27:37 flocculating performance 14:37 flocculating performance of a thermostable bioflocculant 14:69 Evaluation of flocculating performance of a thermostable bioflocculant produced by marine Bacillus sp. 26797258 9 32 theme pH 1329:1330 arg1 range 1332:1336 a wide pH range 1322:1336 a wide pH range of 3-11 1322:1344 MBF-W7 exhibited excellent flocculating activity for kaolin clay suspension at 0.2 mg/ml over a wide pH range of 3-11; with the maximal flocculation rate of 85.8% observed at pH 3 in the presence of Mn(2+). 26797258 11 33 theme demand 1611:1616 arg1 efficiency 1628:1637 chemical oxygen demand reduction efficiency 1595:1637 chemical oxygen demand reduction efficiency (75.3%) 1595:1645 MBF-W7 showed good turbidity removal potential (86.9%) and chemical oxygen demand reduction efficiency (75.3%) in Tyume River. 26797258 11 33 theme demand 1611:1616 arg1 % 1644:1644 75.3% 1640:1644 75.3% 1640:1644 MBF-W7 showed good turbidity removal potential (86.9%) and chemical oxygen demand reduction efficiency (75.3%) in Tyume River. 26797258 3 34 theme % 454:454 arg1 pH 568:569 the initial pH 556:569 the initial pH of the growth medium 556:590 Optimum culture conditions for MBF-W7 production include 5% (v/v) inoculum size, maltose and NH4NO3 as carbon and nitrogen sources of choice, medium pH of 6 as the initial pH of the growth medium. 26797258 3 34 theme % 454:454 arg1 maltose 477:483 maltose 477:483 maltose 477:483 Optimum culture conditions for MBF-W7 production include 5% (v/v) inoculum size, maltose and NH4NO3 as carbon and nitrogen sources of choice, medium pH of 6 as the initial pH of the growth medium. 26797258 3 34 theme % 454:454 arg1 size 471:474 5% (v/v) inoculum size 453:474 5% (v/v) inoculum size 453:474 Optimum culture conditions for MBF-W7 production include 5% (v/v) inoculum size, maltose and NH4NO3 as carbon and nitrogen sources of choice, medium pH of 6 as the initial pH of the growth medium. 26797258 3 34 theme % 454:454 arg1 NH4NO3 489:494 NH4NO3 489:494 NH4NO3 489:494 Optimum culture conditions for MBF-W7 production include 5% (v/v) inoculum size, maltose and NH4NO3 as carbon and nitrogen sources of choice, medium pH of 6 as the initial pH of the growth medium. 26797258 6 35 theme groups 967:972 arg1 groups 997:1002 the main functional groups 977:1002 the main functional groups identified in the bioflocculant molecules 977:1044 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl and amino groups as the main functional groups identified in the bioflocculant molecules. 26797258 6 35 theme groups 967:972 arg1 presence 926:933 the presence 922:933 the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl and amino groups 922:972 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl and amino groups as the main functional groups identified in the bioflocculant molecules. 26797258 3 36 theme Optimum 396:402 arg1 conditions 412:421 Optimum culture conditions 396:421 Optimum culture conditions for MBF-W7 production 396:443 Optimum culture conditions for MBF-W7 production include 5% (v/v) inoculum size, maltose and NH4NO3 as carbon and nitrogen sources of choice, medium pH of 6 as the initial pH of the growth medium. 26797258 3 37 theme medium 585:590 arg1 pH 568:569 the initial pH 556:569 the initial pH of the growth medium 556:590 Optimum culture conditions for MBF-W7 production include 5% (v/v) inoculum size, maltose and NH4NO3 as carbon and nitrogen sources of choice, medium pH of 6 as the initial pH of the growth medium. 26797258 3 37 theme medium 585:590 arg1 maltose 477:483 maltose 477:483 maltose 477:483 Optimum culture conditions for MBF-W7 production include 5% (v/v) inoculum size, maltose and NH4NO3 as carbon and nitrogen sources of choice, medium pH of 6 as the initial pH of the growth medium. 26797258 3 37 theme medium 585:590 arg1 size 471:474 5% (v/v) inoculum size 453:474 5% (v/v) inoculum size 453:474 Optimum culture conditions for MBF-W7 production include 5% (v/v) inoculum size, maltose and NH4NO3 as carbon and nitrogen sources of choice, medium pH of 6 as the initial pH of the growth medium. 26797258 3 37 theme medium 585:590 arg1 NH4NO3 489:494 NH4NO3 489:494 NH4NO3 489:494 Optimum culture conditions for MBF-W7 production include 5% (v/v) inoculum size, maltose and NH4NO3 as carbon and nitrogen sources of choice, medium pH of 6 as the initial pH of the growth medium. 26797258 5 38 gly glycoprotein 772:783 arg1 MBF-W7 759:764 the purified MBF-W7 746:764 the purified MBF-W7 746:764 Chemical composition analyses showed that the purified MBF-W7 was a glycoprotein which was predominantly composed of polysaccharides 73.7% (w/w) and protein 6.2% (w/w). 26797258 5 38 gly glycoprotein 772:783 arg1 glycoprotein 772:783 a glycoprotein 770:783 a glycoprotein which was predominantly composed of polysaccharides 770:835 Chemical composition analyses showed that the purified MBF-W7 was a glycoprotein which was predominantly composed of polysaccharides 73.7% (w/w) and protein 6.2% (w/w). 26797258 2 39 theme % 337:337 arg1 similarity 348:357 98% sequence similarity 335:357 98% sequence similarity to Bacillus licheniformis strain W7 335:393 The 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acids gene sequence analysis showed 98% sequence similarity to Bacillus licheniformis strain W7. 26797258 5 40 theme purified 750:757 arg1 MBF-W7 759:764 the purified MBF-W7 746:764 the purified MBF-W7 746:764 Chemical composition analyses showed that the purified MBF-W7 was a glycoprotein which was predominantly composed of polysaccharides 73.7% (w/w) and protein 6.2% (w/w). 26797258 5 40 theme purified 750:757 arg1 glycoprotein 772:783 a glycoprotein 770:783 a glycoprotein which was predominantly composed of polysaccharides 770:835 Chemical composition analyses showed that the purified MBF-W7 was a glycoprotein which was predominantly composed of polysaccharides 73.7% (w/w) and protein 6.2% (w/w). 26797258 12 41 theme attractive 1712:1721 arg1 candidate 1723:1731 an attractive candidate 1709:1731 an attractive candidate to replace chemical flocculants utilized in water treatment 1709:1791 The high flocculating rate of MBF-W7 makes it an attractive candidate to replace chemical flocculants utilized in water treatment. 26797258 3 42 theme inoculum 462:469 arg1 pH 568:569 the initial pH 556:569 the initial pH of the growth medium 556:590 Optimum culture conditions for MBF-W7 production include 5% (v/v) inoculum size, maltose and NH4NO3 as carbon and nitrogen sources of choice, medium pH of 6 as the initial pH of the growth medium. 26797258 3 42 theme inoculum 462:469 arg1 maltose 477:483 maltose 477:483 maltose 477:483 Optimum culture conditions for MBF-W7 production include 5% (v/v) inoculum size, maltose and NH4NO3 as carbon and nitrogen sources of choice, medium pH of 6 as the initial pH of the growth medium. 26797258 3 42 theme inoculum 462:469 arg1 size 471:474 5% (v/v) inoculum size 453:474 5% (v/v) inoculum size 453:474 Optimum culture conditions for MBF-W7 production include 5% (v/v) inoculum size, maltose and NH4NO3 as carbon and nitrogen sources of choice, medium pH of 6 as the initial pH of the growth medium. 26797258 3 42 theme inoculum 462:469 arg1 NH4NO3 489:494 NH4NO3 489:494 NH4NO3 489:494 Optimum culture conditions for MBF-W7 production include 5% (v/v) inoculum size, maltose and NH4NO3 as carbon and nitrogen sources of choice, medium pH of 6 as the initial pH of the growth medium. 26797258 2 43 theme Bacillus 362:369 arg1 W7 392:393 Bacillus licheniformis strain W7 362:393 Bacillus licheniformis strain W7 362:393 The 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acids gene sequence analysis showed 98% sequence similarity to Bacillus licheniformis strain W7. 26797258 9 44 theme flocculation 1364:1375 arg1 rate 1377:1380 the maximal flocculation rate 1352:1380 the maximal flocculation rate of 85.8% observed at pH 3 in the presence of Mn(2+) 1352:1432 MBF-W7 exhibited excellent flocculating activity for kaolin clay suspension at 0.2 mg/ml over a wide pH range of 3-11; with the maximal flocculation rate of 85.8% observed at pH 3 in the presence of Mn(2+). 26797258 0 45 theme bioflocculant 57:69 arg1 performance 27:37 flocculating performance 14:37 flocculating performance of a thermostable bioflocculant 14:69 Evaluation of flocculating performance of a thermostable bioflocculant produced by marine Bacillus sp. 26797258 12 46 theme MBF-W7 1693:1698 arg1 rate 1685:1688 The high flocculating rate 1663:1688 The high flocculating rate of MBF-W7 1663:1698 The high flocculating rate of MBF-W7 makes it an attractive candidate to replace chemical flocculants utilized in water treatment. 26797258 10 47 theme flocculating 1467:1478 arg1 activity 1480:1487 high flocculating activity 1462:1487 high flocculating activity of over 70% 1462:1499 It maintained and retained high flocculating activity of over 70% after heating at 100°C for 60 min. 26797258 5 48 theme composition 713:723 arg1 analyses 725:732 Chemical composition analyses 704:732 Chemical composition analyses 704:732 Chemical composition analyses showed that the purified MBF-W7 was a glycoprotein which was predominantly composed of polysaccharides 73.7% (w/w) and protein 6.2% (w/w). 26797258 5 49 dep glycoprotein 772:783 arg1 w/w 867:869 w/w 867:869 w/w 867:869 Chemical composition analyses showed that the purified MBF-W7 was a glycoprotein which was predominantly composed of polysaccharides 73.7% (w/w) and protein 6.2% (w/w). 26797258 5 49 dep glycoprotein 772:783 arg1 % 864:864 protein 6.2% 853:864 protein 6.2% (w/w) 853:870 Chemical composition analyses showed that the purified MBF-W7 was a glycoprotein which was predominantly composed of polysaccharides 73.7% (w/w) and protein 6.2% (w/w). 26797258 5 49 dep glycoprotein 772:783 arg1 w/w 844:846 w/w 844:846 w/w 844:846 Chemical composition analyses showed that the purified MBF-W7 was a glycoprotein which was predominantly composed of polysaccharides 73.7% (w/w) and protein 6.2% (w/w). 26797258 5 49 dep glycoprotein 772:783 arg1 % 841:841 73.7% 837:841 73.7% (w/w) 837:847 Chemical composition analyses showed that the purified MBF-W7 was a glycoprotein which was predominantly composed of polysaccharides 73.7% (w/w) and protein 6.2% (w/w). 26797258 11 50 theme chemical 1595:1602 arg1 demand 1611:1616 chemical oxygen demand 1595:1616 chemical oxygen demand reduction efficiency (75.3%) 1595:1645 MBF-W7 showed good turbidity removal potential (86.9%) and chemical oxygen demand reduction efficiency (75.3%) in Tyume River. 26797258 11 51 theme turbidity 1555:1563 arg1 potential 1573:1581 good turbidity removal potential 1550:1581 good turbidity removal potential (86.9%) 1550:1589 MBF-W7 showed good turbidity removal potential (86.9%) and chemical oxygen demand reduction efficiency (75.3%) in Tyume River. 26797258 11 51 theme turbidity 1555:1563 arg1 % 1588:1588 86.9% 1584:1588 86.9% 1584:1588 MBF-W7 showed good turbidity removal potential (86.9%) and chemical oxygen demand reduction efficiency (75.3%) in Tyume River. 26797258 7 52 theme Thermogravimetric 1047:1063 arg1 analyses 1065:1072 Thermogravimetric analyses 1047:1072 Thermogravimetric analyses 1047:1072 Thermogravimetric analyses showed the thermal decomposition profile of MBF-W7. 26797258 2 53 theme ribosomal 272:280 arg1 sequence 310:317 The 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acids gene sequence 264:317 The 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acids gene sequence analysis 264:326 The 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acids gene sequence analysis showed 98% sequence similarity to Bacillus licheniformis strain W7. 26797258 9 54 theme % 1389:1389 arg1 rate 1377:1380 the maximal flocculation rate 1352:1380 the maximal flocculation rate of 85.8% observed at pH 3 in the presence of Mn(2+) 1352:1432 MBF-W7 exhibited excellent flocculating activity for kaolin clay suspension at 0.2 mg/ml over a wide pH range of 3-11; with the maximal flocculation rate of 85.8% observed at pH 3 in the presence of Mn(2+). 26797258 2 55 theme sequence 310:317 arg1 analysis 319:326 The 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acids gene sequence analysis 264:326 The 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acids gene sequence analysis 264:326 The 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acids gene sequence analysis showed 98% sequence similarity to Bacillus licheniformis strain W7. 26797258 12 56 theme high 1667:1670 arg1 rate 1685:1688 The high flocculating rate 1663:1688 The high flocculating rate of MBF-W7 1663:1698 The high flocculating rate of MBF-W7 makes it an attractive candidate to replace chemical flocculants utilized in water treatment. 26797258 8 57 theme Scanning 1126:1133 arg1 microscopy 1144:1153 Scanning electron microscopy imaging 1126:1161 Scanning electron microscopy imaging 1126:1161 Scanning electron microscopy imaging revealed that bridging played an important role in flocculation. 26797258 3 58 theme medium 538:543 arg1 choice 530:535 choice 530:535 choice 530:535 Optimum culture conditions for MBF-W7 production include 5% (v/v) inoculum size, maltose and NH4NO3 as carbon and nitrogen sources of choice, medium pH of 6 as the initial pH of the growth medium. 26797258 3 58 theme medium 538:543 arg1 pH 545:546 medium pH 538:546 medium pH of 6 538:551 Optimum culture conditions for MBF-W7 production include 5% (v/v) inoculum size, maltose and NH4NO3 as carbon and nitrogen sources of choice, medium pH of 6 as the initial pH of the growth medium. 26797258 0 59 theme thermostable 44:55 arg1 bioflocculant 57:69 a thermostable bioflocculant 42:69 a thermostable bioflocculant 42:69 Evaluation of flocculating performance of a thermostable bioflocculant produced by marine Bacillus sp. 26797258 2 60 theme acids 299:303 arg1 sequence 310:317 The 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acids gene sequence 264:317 The 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acids gene sequence analysis 264:326 The 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acids gene sequence analysis showed 98% sequence similarity to Bacillus licheniformis strain W7. 26797258 1 61 theme isolate 192:198 arg1 potential 167:175 the bioflocculant (named MBF-W7) production potential 123:175 the bioflocculant (named MBF-W7) production potential of a bacterial isolate obtained from Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape Province of South Africa 123:261 This study assessed the bioflocculant (named MBF-W7) production potential of a bacterial isolate obtained from Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. 26797258 6 62 dep Fourier 873:879 arg1 transform 881:889 transform 881:889 transform infrared spectroscopy 881:911 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl and amino groups as the main functional groups identified in the bioflocculant molecules. 26797258 5 63 theme protein 853:859 arg1 w/w 867:869 w/w 867:869 w/w 867:869 Chemical composition analyses showed that the purified MBF-W7 was a glycoprotein which was predominantly composed of polysaccharides 73.7% (w/w) and protein 6.2% (w/w). 26797258 5 63 theme protein 853:859 arg1 % 864:864 protein 6.2% 853:864 protein 6.2% (w/w) 853:870 Chemical composition analyses showed that the purified MBF-W7 was a glycoprotein which was predominantly composed of polysaccharides 73.7% (w/w) and protein 6.2% (w/w). 26797258 1 64 theme bioflocculant 127:139 arg1 potential 167:175 the bioflocculant (named MBF-W7) production potential 123:175 the bioflocculant (named MBF-W7) production potential of a bacterial isolate obtained from Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape Province of South Africa 123:261 This study assessed the bioflocculant (named MBF-W7) production potential of a bacterial isolate obtained from Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. 26797258 3 65 theme choice 530:535 arg1 sources 519:525 carbon and nitrogen sources 499:525 sources 519:525 Optimum culture conditions for MBF-W7 production include 5% (v/v) inoculum size, maltose and NH4NO3 as carbon and nitrogen sources of choice, medium pH of 6 as the initial pH of the growth medium. 26797258 6 66 theme amino 961:965 arg1 groups 967:972 hydroxyl, carboxyl and amino groups 938:972 groups 967:972 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl and amino groups as the main functional groups identified in the bioflocculant molecules. 26797258 9 67 theme flocculating 1255:1266 arg1 activity 1268:1275 excellent flocculating activity 1245:1275 excellent flocculating activity for kaolin clay suspension 1245:1302 MBF-W7 exhibited excellent flocculating activity for kaolin clay suspension at 0.2 mg/ml over a wide pH range of 3-11; with the maximal flocculation rate of 85.8% observed at pH 3 in the presence of Mn(2+). 26797258 3 68 theme initial 560:566 arg1 pH 568:569 the initial pH 556:569 the initial pH of the growth medium 556:590 Optimum culture conditions for MBF-W7 production include 5% (v/v) inoculum size, maltose and NH4NO3 as carbon and nitrogen sources of choice, medium pH of 6 as the initial pH of the growth medium. 26797258 3 68 theme initial 560:566 arg1 maltose 477:483 maltose 477:483 maltose 477:483 Optimum culture conditions for MBF-W7 production include 5% (v/v) inoculum size, maltose and NH4NO3 as carbon and nitrogen sources of choice, medium pH of 6 as the initial pH of the growth medium. 26797258 3 68 theme initial 560:566 arg1 size 471:474 5% (v/v) inoculum size 453:474 5% (v/v) inoculum size 453:474 Optimum culture conditions for MBF-W7 production include 5% (v/v) inoculum size, maltose and NH4NO3 as carbon and nitrogen sources of choice, medium pH of 6 as the initial pH of the growth medium. 26797258 3 68 theme initial 560:566 arg1 NH4NO3 489:494 NH4NO3 489:494 NH4NO3 489:494 Optimum culture conditions for MBF-W7 production include 5% (v/v) inoculum size, maltose and NH4NO3 as carbon and nitrogen sources of choice, medium pH of 6 as the initial pH of the growth medium. 26797258 1 69 theme named 142:146 arg1 MBF-W7 148:153 named MBF-W7 142:153 named MBF-W7 142:153 This study assessed the bioflocculant (named MBF-W7) production potential of a bacterial isolate obtained from Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. 26797258 6 70 theme carboxyl 948:955 arg1 groups 967:972 hydroxyl, carboxyl and amino groups 938:972 groups 967:972 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl and amino groups as the main functional groups identified in the bioflocculant molecules. 26797258 4 71 theme maximum 625:631 arg1 activity 646:653 maximum flocculating activity 625:653 maximum flocculating activity of 94.9% 625:662 Under these optimal conditions, maximum flocculating activity of 94.9% was attained after 72 h of cultivation. 26797258 0 72 theme Bacillus 90:97 arg1 sp 99:100 marine Bacillus sp 83:100 marine Bacillus sp 83:100 Evaluation of flocculating performance of a thermostable bioflocculant produced by marine Bacillus sp. 26797258 6 73 theme hydroxyl 938:945 arg1 groups 967:972 hydroxyl, carboxyl and amino groups 938:972 groups 967:972 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl and amino groups as the main functional groups identified in the bioflocculant molecules. 26797258 9 74 theme clay 1288:1291 arg1 suspension 1293:1302 kaolin clay suspension 1281:1302 kaolin clay suspension 1281:1302 MBF-W7 exhibited excellent flocculating activity for kaolin clay suspension at 0.2 mg/ml over a wide pH range of 3-11; with the maximal flocculation rate of 85.8% observed at pH 3 in the presence of Mn(2+). 26797258 3 75 theme 5 453:453 arg1 % 454:454 % 454:454 % 454:454 Optimum culture conditions for MBF-W7 production include 5% (v/v) inoculum size, maltose and NH4NO3 as carbon and nitrogen sources of choice, medium pH of 6 as the initial pH of the growth medium. 26797258 9 76 located observed 1391:1398 arg1 presence 1415:1422 the presence 1411:1422 the presence of Mn(2+) 1411:1432 MBF-W7 exhibited excellent flocculating activity for kaolin clay suspension at 0.2 mg/ml over a wide pH range of 3-11; with the maximal flocculation rate of 85.8% observed at pH 3 in the presence of Mn(2+). 26797258 9 76 located observed 1391:1398 arg2 rate 1377:1380 the maximal flocculation rate 1352:1380 the maximal flocculation rate of 85.8% observed at pH 3 in the presence of Mn(2+) 1352:1432 MBF-W7 exhibited excellent flocculating activity for kaolin clay suspension at 0.2 mg/ml over a wide pH range of 3-11; with the maximal flocculation rate of 85.8% observed at pH 3 in the presence of Mn(2+). 26797258 9 76 located observed 1391:1398 arg1 pH 1403:1404 pH 3 1403:1406 pH 3 1403:1406 MBF-W7 exhibited excellent flocculating activity for kaolin clay suspension at 0.2 mg/ml over a wide pH range of 3-11; with the maximal flocculation rate of 85.8% observed at pH 3 in the presence of Mn(2+). 26797258 2 77 theme licheniformis 371:383 arg1 W7 392:393 Bacillus licheniformis strain W7 362:393 Bacillus licheniformis strain W7 362:393 The 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acids gene sequence analysis showed 98% sequence similarity to Bacillus licheniformis strain W7. 26797258 0 78 theme performance 27:37 arg1 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation of flocculating performance of a thermostable bioflocculant 0:69 Evaluation of flocculating performance of a thermostable bioflocculant produced by marine Bacillus sp. 26797258 9 79 theme wide 1324:1327 arg1 range 1332:1336 a wide pH range 1322:1336 a wide pH range of 3-11 1322:1344 MBF-W7 exhibited excellent flocculating activity for kaolin clay suspension at 0.2 mg/ml over a wide pH range of 3-11; with the maximal flocculation rate of 85.8% observed at pH 3 in the presence of Mn(2+). 26797258 6 80 theme main 981:984 arg1 groups 997:1002 the main functional groups 977:1002 the main functional groups identified in the bioflocculant molecules 977:1044 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl and amino groups as the main functional groups identified in the bioflocculant molecules. 26797258 6 80 theme main 981:984 arg1 presence 926:933 the presence 922:933 the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl and amino groups 922:972 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl and amino groups as the main functional groups identified in the bioflocculant molecules. 26797258 11 81 theme oxygen 1604:1609 arg1 demand 1611:1616 chemical oxygen demand 1595:1616 chemical oxygen demand reduction efficiency (75.3%) 1595:1645 MBF-W7 showed good turbidity removal potential (86.9%) and chemical oxygen demand reduction efficiency (75.3%) in Tyume River. 26797258 12 82 theme water 1777:1781 arg1 treatment 1783:1791 water treatment 1777:1791 water treatment 1777:1791 The high flocculating rate of MBF-W7 makes it an attractive candidate to replace chemical flocculants utilized in water treatment. 26797258 3 83 theme growth 578:583 arg1 medium 585:590 the growth medium 574:590 the growth medium 574:590 Optimum culture conditions for MBF-W7 production include 5% (v/v) inoculum size, maltose and NH4NO3 as carbon and nitrogen sources of choice, medium pH of 6 as the initial pH of the growth medium. 26797258 7 84 theme thermal 1085:1091 arg1 profile 1107:1113 the thermal decomposition profile 1081:1113 the thermal decomposition profile of MBF-W7 1081:1123 Thermogravimetric analyses showed the thermal decomposition profile of MBF-W7. 26797258 9 85 theme 3-11 1341:1344 arg1 range 1332:1336 a wide pH range 1322:1336 a wide pH range of 3-11 1322:1344 MBF-W7 exhibited excellent flocculating activity for kaolin clay suspension at 0.2 mg/ml over a wide pH range of 3-11; with the maximal flocculation rate of 85.8% observed at pH 3 in the presence of Mn(2+). 26797258 3 86 theme culture 404:410 arg1 conditions 412:421 Optimum culture conditions 396:421 Optimum culture conditions for MBF-W7 production 396:443 Optimum culture conditions for MBF-W7 production include 5% (v/v) inoculum size, maltose and NH4NO3 as carbon and nitrogen sources of choice, medium pH of 6 as the initial pH of the growth medium. 26797258 2 87 theme 98 335:336 arg1 % 337:337 % 337:337 % 337:337 The 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acids gene sequence analysis showed 98% sequence similarity to Bacillus licheniformis strain W7. 26797258 12 88 theme chemical 1744:1751 arg1 flocculants 1753:1763 chemical flocculants 1744:1763 chemical flocculants utilized in water treatment 1744:1791 The high flocculating rate of MBF-W7 makes it an attractive candidate to replace chemical flocculants utilized in water treatment. 26797258 3 89 dep % 454:454 arg1 v/v 457:459 v/v 457:459 v/v 457:459 Optimum culture conditions for MBF-W7 production include 5% (v/v) inoculum size, maltose and NH4NO3 as carbon and nitrogen sources of choice, medium pH of 6 as the initial pH of the growth medium. 26797258 11 90 theme reduction 1618:1626 arg1 efficiency 1628:1637 chemical oxygen demand reduction efficiency 1595:1637 chemical oxygen demand reduction efficiency (75.3%) 1595:1645 MBF-W7 showed good turbidity removal potential (86.9%) and chemical oxygen demand reduction efficiency (75.3%) in Tyume River. 26797258 11 90 theme reduction 1618:1626 arg1 % 1644:1644 75.3% 1640:1644 75.3% 1640:1644 MBF-W7 showed good turbidity removal potential (86.9%) and chemical oxygen demand reduction efficiency (75.3%) in Tyume River. 26797258 9 91 theme maximal 1356:1362 arg1 rate 1377:1380 the maximal flocculation rate 1352:1380 the maximal flocculation rate of 85.8% observed at pH 3 in the presence of Mn(2+) 1352:1432 MBF-W7 exhibited excellent flocculating activity for kaolin clay suspension at 0.2 mg/ml over a wide pH range of 3-11; with the maximal flocculation rate of 85.8% observed at pH 3 in the presence of Mn(2+). 26797258 12 92 theme flocculating 1672:1683 arg1 rate 1685:1688 The high flocculating rate 1663:1688 The high flocculating rate of MBF-W7 1663:1698 The high flocculating rate of MBF-W7 makes it an attractive candidate to replace chemical flocculants utilized in water treatment. 26797258 11 93 theme removal 1565:1571 arg1 potential 1573:1581 good turbidity removal potential 1550:1581 good turbidity removal potential (86.9%) 1550:1589 MBF-W7 showed good turbidity removal potential (86.9%) and chemical oxygen demand reduction efficiency (75.3%) in Tyume River. 26797258 11 93 theme removal 1565:1571 arg1 % 1588:1588 86.9% 1584:1588 86.9% 1584:1588 MBF-W7 showed good turbidity removal potential (86.9%) and chemical oxygen demand reduction efficiency (75.3%) in Tyume River. 26797258 3 94 theme carbon 499:504 arg1 sources 519:525 carbon and nitrogen sources 499:525 sources 519:525 Optimum culture conditions for MBF-W7 production include 5% (v/v) inoculum size, maltose and NH4NO3 as carbon and nitrogen sources of choice, medium pH of 6 as the initial pH of the growth medium. 28576017 6 0 theme annealing 706:714 arg1 3 703:703 3 703:703 3 703:703 Comparing with the water content and mechanical properties of 16 kinds of combination, PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel with freezing-thawing cycles of 3, annealing temperature of 120°C, PVA of 16%, HA of 2%, PAA of 4% has the optimization comprehensive properties. 28576017 6 0 theme annealing 706:714 arg1 temperature 716:726 annealing temperature 706:726 annealing temperature of 120°C, PVA of 16%, HA of 2%, PAA of 4% 706:768 Comparing with the water content and mechanical properties of 16 kinds of combination, PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel with freezing-thawing cycles of 3, annealing temperature of 120°C, PVA of 16%, HA of 2%, PAA of 4% has the optimization comprehensive properties. 28576017 6 1 theme composite 652:660 arg1 hydrogel 662:669 PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel 641:669 PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel with freezing-thawing cycles of 3, annealing temperature of 120°C, PVA of 16%, HA of 2%, PAA of 4% 641:768 Comparing with the water content and mechanical properties of 16 kinds of combination, PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel with freezing-thawing cycles of 3, annealing temperature of 120°C, PVA of 16%, HA of 2%, PAA of 4% has the optimization comprehensive properties. 28576017 3 2 theme maximum 287:293 arg1 effect 295:300 the maximum effect 283:300 the maximum effect on water content 283:317 Results showed that HA and PVA have the maximum effect on water content. 28576017 6 3 dep content 579:585 arg1 the 569:571 the 569:571 the 569:571 Comparing with the water content and mechanical properties of 16 kinds of combination, PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel with freezing-thawing cycles of 3, annealing temperature of 120°C, PVA of 16%, HA of 2%, PAA of 4% has the optimization comprehensive properties. 28576017 4 4 theme stress 400:405 arg1 rate 418:421 stress relaxation rate 400:421 stress relaxation rate of hydrogel 400:433 PVA and freezing-thawing cycles have the maximum effect on creep resistance and stress relaxation rate of hydrogel. 28576017 6 5 theme PVA-HA/PAA 641:650 arg1 hydrogel 662:669 PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel 641:669 PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel with freezing-thawing cycles of 3, annealing temperature of 120°C, PVA of 16%, HA of 2%, PAA of 4% 641:768 Comparing with the water content and mechanical properties of 16 kinds of combination, PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel with freezing-thawing cycles of 3, annealing temperature of 120°C, PVA of 16%, HA of 2%, PAA of 4% has the optimization comprehensive properties. 28576017 5 6 contain have 486:489 arg2 effect 503:508 the maximum effect 491:508 the maximum effect 491:508 Annealing temperature and freezing-thawing cycles have the maximum effect on compressive elastic modulus of hydrogel. 28576017 5 6 contain have 486:489 arg1 temperature 446:456 Annealing temperature 436:456 Annealing temperature 436:456 Annealing temperature and freezing-thawing cycles have the maximum effect on compressive elastic modulus of hydrogel. 28576017 5 6 contain have 486:489 arg1 cycles 479:484 freezing-thawing cycles 462:484 freezing-thawing cycles 462:484 Annealing temperature and freezing-thawing cycles have the maximum effect on compressive elastic modulus of hydrogel. 28576017 10 7 theme PVA-HA/PAA 1096:1105 arg1 hydrogel 1117:1124 the annealing PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel 1082:1124 the annealing PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel 1082:1124 Therefore, the annealing PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel has good thermostability, strength and mechanical properties. 28576017 10 8 theme mechanical 1165:1174 arg1 properties 1176:1185 mechanical properties 1165:1185 mechanical properties 1165:1185 Therefore, the annealing PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel has good thermostability, strength and mechanical properties. 28576017 10 9 theme annealing 1086:1094 arg1 hydrogel 1117:1124 the annealing PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel 1082:1124 the annealing PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel 1082:1124 Therefore, the annealing PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel has good thermostability, strength and mechanical properties. 28576017 4 10 theme relaxation 407:416 arg1 rate 418:421 stress relaxation rate 400:421 stress relaxation rate of hydrogel 400:433 PVA and freezing-thawing cycles have the maximum effect on creep resistance and stress relaxation rate of hydrogel. 28576017 1 11 theme PVA-HA/PAA 73:82 arg1 hydrogel 94:101 PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel 73:101 PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel 73:101 PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel is prepared by freezing-thawing, PEG dehydration and annealing method. 28576017 5 12 theme compressive 513:523 arg1 modulus 533:539 compressive elastic modulus 513:539 compressive elastic modulus of hydrogel 513:551 Annealing temperature and freezing-thawing cycles have the maximum effect on compressive elastic modulus of hydrogel. 28576017 8 13 from HA 920:921 arg1 hydrogel 934:941 hydrogel 934:941 hydrogel 934:941 There are some interactions between PVA, HA and PAA in hydrogel and the properties of hydrogel are strengthened. 28576017 4 14 contain have 352:355 arg2 effect 369:374 the maximum effect 357:374 the maximum effect on creep resistance and stress relaxation rate of hydrogel 357:433 PVA and freezing-thawing cycles have the maximum effect on creep resistance and stress relaxation rate of hydrogel. 28576017 4 14 contain have 352:355 arg1 PVA 320:322 PVA 320:322 PVA 320:322 PVA and freezing-thawing cycles have the maximum effect on creep resistance and stress relaxation rate of hydrogel. 28576017 4 14 contain have 352:355 arg1 cycles 345:350 freezing-thawing cycles 328:350 freezing-thawing cycles 328:350 PVA and freezing-thawing cycles have the maximum effect on creep resistance and stress relaxation rate of hydrogel. 28576017 7 15 theme composite 828:836 arg1 hydrogel 838:845 PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel 817:845 PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel 817:845 PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel has a porous network structure. 28576017 1 16 theme composite 84:92 arg1 hydrogel 94:101 PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel 73:101 PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel 73:101 PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel is prepared by freezing-thawing, PEG dehydration and annealing method. 28576017 5 17 theme elastic 525:531 arg1 modulus 533:539 compressive elastic modulus 513:539 compressive elastic modulus of hydrogel 513:551 Annealing temperature and freezing-thawing cycles have the maximum effect on compressive elastic modulus of hydrogel. 28576017 6 18 theme combination 628:638 arg1 kinds 619:623 16 kinds 616:623 16 kinds of combination 616:638 Comparing with the water content and mechanical properties of 16 kinds of combination, PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel with freezing-thawing cycles of 3, annealing temperature of 120°C, PVA of 16%, HA of 2%, PAA of 4% has the optimization comprehensive properties. 28576017 10 19 theme composite 1107:1115 arg1 hydrogel 1117:1124 the annealing PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel 1082:1124 the annealing PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel 1082:1124 Therefore, the annealing PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel has good thermostability, strength and mechanical properties. 28576017 6 20 with hydrogel 662:669 arg1 cycles 693:698 freezing-thawing cycles 676:698 freezing-thawing cycles of 3, annealing temperature of 120°C, PVA of 16%, HA of 2%, PAA of 4% 676:768 Comparing with the water content and mechanical properties of 16 kinds of combination, PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel with freezing-thawing cycles of 3, annealing temperature of 120°C, PVA of 16%, HA of 2%, PAA of 4% has the optimization comprehensive properties. 28576017 8 21 theme hydrogel 965:972 arg1 properties 951:960 the properties 947:960 the properties of hydrogel 947:972 There are some interactions between PVA, HA and PAA in hydrogel and the properties of hydrogel are strengthened. 28576017 11 22 theme good 1200:1203 arg1 property 1217:1224 good lubrication property 1200:1224 good lubrication property 1200:1224 It also has good lubrication property and its friction coefficient is relative low. 28576017 8 23 from PVA 915:917 arg1 hydrogel 934:941 hydrogel 934:941 hydrogel 934:941 There are some interactions between PVA, HA and PAA in hydrogel and the properties of hydrogel are strengthened. 28576017 10 24 theme good 1130:1133 arg1 thermostability 1135:1149 thermostability 1135:1149 thermostability 1135:1149 Therefore, the annealing PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel has good thermostability, strength and mechanical properties. 28576017 6 25 theme comprehensive 791:803 arg1 properties 805:814 the optimization comprehensive properties 774:814 the optimization comprehensive properties 774:814 Comparing with the water content and mechanical properties of 16 kinds of combination, PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel with freezing-thawing cycles of 3, annealing temperature of 120°C, PVA of 16%, HA of 2%, PAA of 4% has the optimization comprehensive properties. 28576017 10 26 contain has 1126:1128 arg2 strength 1152:1159 strength 1152:1159 strength 1152:1159 Therefore, the annealing PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel has good thermostability, strength and mechanical properties. 28576017 10 26 contain has 1126:1128 arg1 hydrogel 1117:1124 the annealing PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel 1082:1124 the annealing PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel 1082:1124 Therefore, the annealing PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel has good thermostability, strength and mechanical properties. 28576017 10 26 contain has 1126:1128 arg2 properties 1176:1185 mechanical properties 1165:1185 mechanical properties 1165:1185 Therefore, the annealing PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel has good thermostability, strength and mechanical properties. 28576017 10 26 contain has 1126:1128 arg2 thermostability 1135:1149 thermostability 1135:1149 thermostability 1135:1149 Therefore, the annealing PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel has good thermostability, strength and mechanical properties. 28576017 3 27 contain have 278:281 arg1 PVA 274:276 PVA 274:276 PVA 274:276 Results showed that HA and PVA have the maximum effect on water content. 28576017 3 27 contain have 278:281 arg1 HA 267:268 HA 267:268 HA 267:268 Results showed that HA and PVA have the maximum effect on water content. 28576017 3 27 contain have 278:281 arg2 effect 295:300 the maximum effect 283:300 the maximum effect on water content 283:317 Results showed that HA and PVA have the maximum effect on water content. 28576017 6 28 theme kinds 619:623 arg1 properties 602:611 mechanical properties 591:611 mechanical properties 591:611 Comparing with the water content and mechanical properties of 16 kinds of combination, PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel with freezing-thawing cycles of 3, annealing temperature of 120°C, PVA of 16%, HA of 2%, PAA of 4% has the optimization comprehensive properties. 28576017 6 28 theme kinds 619:623 arg1 content 579:585 water content 573:585 water content 573:585 Comparing with the water content and mechanical properties of 16 kinds of combination, PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel with freezing-thawing cycles of 3, annealing temperature of 120°C, PVA of 16%, HA of 2%, PAA of 4% has the optimization comprehensive properties. 28576017 4 29 theme creep 379:383 arg1 resistance 385:394 creep resistance 379:394 creep resistance 379:394 PVA and freezing-thawing cycles have the maximum effect on creep resistance and stress relaxation rate of hydrogel. 28576017 6 30 theme optimization 778:789 arg1 properties 805:814 the optimization comprehensive properties 774:814 the optimization comprehensive properties 774:814 Comparing with the water content and mechanical properties of 16 kinds of combination, PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel with freezing-thawing cycles of 3, annealing temperature of 120°C, PVA of 16%, HA of 2%, PAA of 4% has the optimization comprehensive properties. 28576017 6 31 theme % 747:747 arg1 120°C 731:735 120°C 731:735 120°C 731:735 Comparing with the water content and mechanical properties of 16 kinds of combination, PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel with freezing-thawing cycles of 3, annealing temperature of 120°C, PVA of 16%, HA of 2%, PAA of 4% has the optimization comprehensive properties. 28576017 6 31 theme % 747:747 arg1 PVA 738:740 PVA 738:740 PVA of 16% 738:747 Comparing with the water content and mechanical properties of 16 kinds of combination, PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel with freezing-thawing cycles of 3, annealing temperature of 120°C, PVA of 16%, HA of 2%, PAA of 4% has the optimization comprehensive properties. 28576017 1 32 dep freezing-thawing 118:133 arg1 PEG 136:138 PEG 136:138 PEG 136:138 PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel is prepared by freezing-thawing, PEG dehydration and annealing method. 28576017 4 33 from effect 369:374 arg1 resistance 385:394 creep resistance 379:394 creep resistance 379:394 PVA and freezing-thawing cycles have the maximum effect on creep resistance and stress relaxation rate of hydrogel. 28576017 4 33 from effect 369:374 arg1 rate 418:421 stress relaxation rate 400:421 stress relaxation rate of hydrogel 400:433 PVA and freezing-thawing cycles have the maximum effect on creep resistance and stress relaxation rate of hydrogel. 28576017 5 34 theme maximum 495:501 arg1 effect 503:508 the maximum effect 491:508 the maximum effect 491:508 Annealing temperature and freezing-thawing cycles have the maximum effect on compressive elastic modulus of hydrogel. 28576017 9 35 theme hydrogel 1061:1068 arg1 crystalline 1029:1039 crystalline 1029:1039 crystalline 1029:1039 The annealing treatment improves the crystalline and crosslinking of hydrogel. 28576017 9 35 theme hydrogel 1061:1068 arg1 crosslinking 1045:1056 crosslinking 1045:1056 crosslinking 1045:1056 The annealing treatment improves the crystalline and crosslinking of hydrogel. 28576017 7 36 theme porous 853:858 arg1 structure 868:876 a porous network structure 851:876 a porous network structure 851:876 PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel has a porous network structure. 28576017 6 37 theme 3 703:703 arg1 cycles 693:698 freezing-thawing cycles 676:698 freezing-thawing cycles of 3, annealing temperature of 120°C, PVA of 16%, HA of 2%, PAA of 4% 676:768 Comparing with the water content and mechanical properties of 16 kinds of combination, PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel with freezing-thawing cycles of 3, annealing temperature of 120°C, PVA of 16%, HA of 2%, PAA of 4% has the optimization comprehensive properties. 28576017 8 38 from PAA 927:929 arg1 hydrogel 934:941 hydrogel 934:941 hydrogel 934:941 There are some interactions between PVA, HA and PAA in hydrogel and the properties of hydrogel are strengthened. 28576017 2 39 theme design 185:190 arg1 method 192:197 Orthogonal design method 174:197 Orthogonal design method 174:197 Orthogonal design method is used to choose the optimization combination. 28576017 6 40 theme % 757:757 arg1 120°C 731:735 120°C 731:735 120°C 731:735 Comparing with the water content and mechanical properties of 16 kinds of combination, PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel with freezing-thawing cycles of 3, annealing temperature of 120°C, PVA of 16%, HA of 2%, PAA of 4% has the optimization comprehensive properties. 28576017 6 40 theme % 757:757 arg1 HA 750:751 HA 750:751 HA of 2% 750:757 Comparing with the water content and mechanical properties of 16 kinds of combination, PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel with freezing-thawing cycles of 3, annealing temperature of 120°C, PVA of 16%, HA of 2%, PAA of 4% has the optimization comprehensive properties. 28576017 6 41 theme % 768:768 arg1 120°C 731:735 120°C 731:735 120°C 731:735 Comparing with the water content and mechanical properties of 16 kinds of combination, PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel with freezing-thawing cycles of 3, annealing temperature of 120°C, PVA of 16%, HA of 2%, PAA of 4% has the optimization comprehensive properties. 28576017 6 41 theme % 768:768 arg1 PAA 760:762 PAA 760:762 PAA of 4% 760:768 Comparing with the water content and mechanical properties of 16 kinds of combination, PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel with freezing-thawing cycles of 3, annealing temperature of 120°C, PVA of 16%, HA of 2%, PAA of 4% has the optimization comprehensive properties. 28576017 0 42 theme composite 53:61 arg1 hydrogel 63:70 PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel 42:70 PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel 42:70 Preparation, optimization and property of PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel. 28576017 7 43 theme PVA-HA/PAA 817:826 arg1 hydrogel 838:845 PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel 817:845 PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel 817:845 PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel has a porous network structure. 28576017 3 44 theme water 305:309 arg1 content 311:317 water content 305:317 water content 305:317 Results showed that HA and PVA have the maximum effect on water content. 28576017 2 45 theme Orthogonal 174:183 arg1 method 192:197 Orthogonal design method 174:197 Orthogonal design method 174:197 Orthogonal design method is used to choose the optimization combination. 28576017 11 46 theme lubrication 1205:1215 arg1 property 1217:1224 good lubrication property 1200:1224 good lubrication property 1200:1224 It also has good lubrication property and its friction coefficient is relative low. 28576017 1 47 theme freezing-thawing 118:133 arg1 method 166:171 freezing-thawing, PEG dehydration and annealing method 118:171 freezing-thawing, PEG dehydration and annealing method 118:171 PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel is prepared by freezing-thawing, PEG dehydration and annealing method. 28576017 0 48 theme PVA-HA/PAA 42:51 arg1 hydrogel 63:70 PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel 42:70 PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel 42:70 Preparation, optimization and property of PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel. 28576017 4 49 theme hydrogel 426:433 arg1 resistance 385:394 creep resistance 379:394 creep resistance 379:394 PVA and freezing-thawing cycles have the maximum effect on creep resistance and stress relaxation rate of hydrogel. 28576017 4 49 theme hydrogel 426:433 arg1 rate 418:421 stress relaxation rate 400:421 stress relaxation rate of hydrogel 400:433 PVA and freezing-thawing cycles have the maximum effect on creep resistance and stress relaxation rate of hydrogel. 28576017 2 50 theme optimization 221:232 arg1 combination 234:244 the optimization combination 217:244 the optimization combination 217:244 Orthogonal design method is used to choose the optimization combination. 28576017 4 51 theme maximum 361:367 arg1 effect 369:374 the maximum effect 357:374 the maximum effect on creep resistance and stress relaxation rate of hydrogel 357:433 PVA and freezing-thawing cycles have the maximum effect on creep resistance and stress relaxation rate of hydrogel. 28576017 6 52 theme freezing-thawing 676:691 arg1 cycles 693:698 freezing-thawing cycles 676:698 freezing-thawing cycles of 3, annealing temperature of 120°C, PVA of 16%, HA of 2%, PAA of 4% 676:768 Comparing with the water content and mechanical properties of 16 kinds of combination, PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel with freezing-thawing cycles of 3, annealing temperature of 120°C, PVA of 16%, HA of 2%, PAA of 4% has the optimization comprehensive properties. 28576017 11 53 theme friction 1234:1241 arg1 coefficient 1243:1253 its friction coefficient 1230:1253 its friction coefficient 1230:1253 It also has good lubrication property and its friction coefficient is relative low. 28576017 7 54 theme network 860:866 arg1 structure 868:876 a porous network structure 851:876 a porous network structure 851:876 PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel has a porous network structure. 28576017 9 55 dep crystalline 1029:1039 arg1 the 1025:1027 the 1025:1027 the 1025:1027 The annealing treatment improves the crystalline and crosslinking of hydrogel. 28576017 9 56 theme annealing 996:1004 arg1 treatment 1006:1014 The annealing treatment 992:1014 The annealing treatment 992:1014 The annealing treatment improves the crystalline and crosslinking of hydrogel. 28576017 3 57 from effect 295:300 arg1 content 311:317 water content 305:317 water content 305:317 Results showed that HA and PVA have the maximum effect on water content. 28576017 7 58 contain has 847:849 arg1 hydrogel 838:845 PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel 817:845 PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel 817:845 PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel has a porous network structure. 28576017 7 58 contain has 847:849 arg2 structure 868:876 a porous network structure 851:876 a porous network structure 851:876 PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel has a porous network structure. 28576017 11 59 contain has 1196:1198 arg2 property 1217:1224 good lubrication property 1200:1224 good lubrication property 1200:1224 It also has good lubrication property and its friction coefficient is relative low. 28576017 11 59 contain has 1196:1198 arg1 It 1188:1189 It 1188:1189 It 1188:1189 It also has good lubrication property and its friction coefficient is relative low. 28576017 1 60 theme dehydration 140:150 arg1 method 166:171 freezing-thawing, PEG dehydration and annealing method 118:171 freezing-thawing, PEG dehydration and annealing method 118:171 PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel is prepared by freezing-thawing, PEG dehydration and annealing method. 28576017 5 61 theme freezing-thawing 462:477 arg1 cycles 479:484 freezing-thawing cycles 462:484 freezing-thawing cycles 462:484 Annealing temperature and freezing-thawing cycles have the maximum effect on compressive elastic modulus of hydrogel. 28576017 6 62 theme 120°C 731:735 arg1 3 703:703 3 703:703 3 703:703 Comparing with the water content and mechanical properties of 16 kinds of combination, PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel with freezing-thawing cycles of 3, annealing temperature of 120°C, PVA of 16%, HA of 2%, PAA of 4% has the optimization comprehensive properties. 28576017 6 62 theme 120°C 731:735 arg1 temperature 716:726 annealing temperature 706:726 annealing temperature of 120°C, PVA of 16%, HA of 2%, PAA of 4% 706:768 Comparing with the water content and mechanical properties of 16 kinds of combination, PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel with freezing-thawing cycles of 3, annealing temperature of 120°C, PVA of 16%, HA of 2%, PAA of 4% has the optimization comprehensive properties. 28576017 2 63 used used 202:205 arg2 method 192:197 Orthogonal design method 174:197 Orthogonal design method 174:197 Orthogonal design method is used to choose the optimization combination. 28576017 5 64 theme Annealing 436:444 arg1 temperature 446:456 Annealing temperature 436:456 Annealing temperature 436:456 Annealing temperature and freezing-thawing cycles have the maximum effect on compressive elastic modulus of hydrogel. 28576017 5 65 theme hydrogel 544:551 arg1 modulus 533:539 compressive elastic modulus 513:539 compressive elastic modulus of hydrogel 513:551 Annealing temperature and freezing-thawing cycles have the maximum effect on compressive elastic modulus of hydrogel. 28576017 6 66 theme mechanical 591:600 arg1 properties 602:611 mechanical properties 591:611 mechanical properties 591:611 Comparing with the water content and mechanical properties of 16 kinds of combination, PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel with freezing-thawing cycles of 3, annealing temperature of 120°C, PVA of 16%, HA of 2%, PAA of 4% has the optimization comprehensive properties. 28576017 0 67 theme hydrogel 63:70 arg1 optimization 13:24 optimization 13:24 optimization 13:24 Preparation, optimization and property of PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel. 28576017 0 67 theme hydrogel 63:70 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation, optimization and property of PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel. 28576017 0 67 theme hydrogel 63:70 arg1 property 30:37 property 30:37 property 30:37 Preparation, optimization and property of PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel. 28576017 6 68 theme water 573:577 arg1 content 579:585 water content 573:585 water content 573:585 Comparing with the water content and mechanical properties of 16 kinds of combination, PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel with freezing-thawing cycles of 3, annealing temperature of 120°C, PVA of 16%, HA of 2%, PAA of 4% has the optimization comprehensive properties. 28576017 4 69 theme freezing-thawing 328:343 arg1 cycles 345:350 freezing-thawing cycles 328:350 freezing-thawing cycles 328:350 PVA and freezing-thawing cycles have the maximum effect on creep resistance and stress relaxation rate of hydrogel. 28576017 1 70 theme annealing 156:164 arg1 method 166:171 freezing-thawing, PEG dehydration and annealing method 118:171 freezing-thawing, PEG dehydration and annealing method 118:171 PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel is prepared by freezing-thawing, PEG dehydration and annealing method. 28576017 6 71 contain has 770:772 arg1 hydrogel 662:669 PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel 641:669 PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel with freezing-thawing cycles of 3, annealing temperature of 120°C, PVA of 16%, HA of 2%, PAA of 4% 641:768 Comparing with the water content and mechanical properties of 16 kinds of combination, PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel with freezing-thawing cycles of 3, annealing temperature of 120°C, PVA of 16%, HA of 2%, PAA of 4% has the optimization comprehensive properties. 28576017 6 71 contain has 770:772 arg2 properties 805:814 the optimization comprehensive properties 774:814 the optimization comprehensive properties 774:814 Comparing with the water content and mechanical properties of 16 kinds of combination, PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel with freezing-thawing cycles of 3, annealing temperature of 120°C, PVA of 16%, HA of 2%, PAA of 4% has the optimization comprehensive properties. 26611635 8 0 theme great 1214:1218 arg1 potential 1220:1228 its great potential 1210:1228 its great potential 1210:1228 Furthermore, PslG shows biofilm inhibition and disassembly activity against a wide range of Pseudomonas species, indicating its great potential in combating biofilm-related complications. 26611635 8 1 theme biofilm-related 1243:1257 arg1 complications 1259:1271 biofilm-related complications 1243:1271 biofilm-related complications 1243:1271 Furthermore, PslG shows biofilm inhibition and disassembly activity against a wide range of Pseudomonas species, indicating its great potential in combating biofilm-related complications. 26611635 4 2 from synthesis 549:557 arg1 aeruginosa 620:629 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 608:629 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 608:629 Here, we show that PslG, a protein involved in the synthesis of a key biofilm matrix exopolysaccharide Psl in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, prevents biofilm formation and disassembles existing biofilms within minutes at nanomolar concentrations when supplied exogenously. 26611635 2 3 from attack 387:392 arg1 bacteria 342:349 resident biofilm bacteria 325:349 resident biofilm bacteria from antimicrobials and host immune attack 325:392 Exopolysaccharide is a critical component in the extracellular matrix that maintains biofilm architecture and protects resident biofilm bacteria from antimicrobials and host immune attack. 26611635 1 4 theme extracellular 184:196 arg1 matrix 198:203 extracellular matrix 184:203 extracellular matrix 184:203 Biofilms are surface-associated communities of microorganism embedded in extracellular matrix. 26611635 7 5 theme implant 1061:1067 arg1 model 1079:1083 a mouse implant infection model 1053:1083 a mouse implant infection model 1053:1083 PslG treatment markedly enhances biofilm sensitivity to antibiotics and macrophage cells, resulting in improved biofilm clearance in a mouse implant infection model. 26611635 4 6 theme biofilm 641:647 arg1 formation 649:657 biofilm formation 641:657 biofilm formation 641:657 Here, we show that PslG, a protein involved in the synthesis of a key biofilm matrix exopolysaccharide Psl in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, prevents biofilm formation and disassembles existing biofilms within minutes at nanomolar concentrations when supplied exogenously. 26611635 0 7 theme exopolysaccharide 85:101 arg1 matrix 103:108 exopolysaccharide matrix 85:108 exopolysaccharide matrix 85:108 PslG, a self-produced glycosyl hydrolase, triggers biofilm disassembly by disrupting exopolysaccharide matrix. 26611635 8 8 theme disassembly 1133:1143 arg1 activity 1145:1152 biofilm inhibition and disassembly activity 1110:1152 biofilm inhibition and disassembly activity against a wide range of Pseudomonas species 1110:1196 Furthermore, PslG shows biofilm inhibition and disassembly activity against a wide range of Pseudomonas species, indicating its great potential in combating biofilm-related complications. 26611635 2 9 theme biofilm 334:340 arg1 bacteria 342:349 resident biofilm bacteria 325:349 resident biofilm bacteria from antimicrobials and host immune attack 325:392 Exopolysaccharide is a critical component in the extracellular matrix that maintains biofilm architecture and protects resident biofilm bacteria from antimicrobials and host immune attack. 26611635 1 10 from embedded 172:179 arg1 matrix 198:203 extracellular matrix 184:203 extracellular matrix 184:203 Biofilms are surface-associated communities of microorganism embedded in extracellular matrix. 26611635 2 11 theme resident 325:332 arg1 bacteria 342:349 resident biofilm bacteria 325:349 resident biofilm bacteria from antimicrobials and host immune attack 325:392 Exopolysaccharide is a critical component in the extracellular matrix that maintains biofilm architecture and protects resident biofilm bacteria from antimicrobials and host immune attack. 26611635 7 12 theme biofilm 953:959 arg1 sensitivity 961:971 biofilm sensitivity 953:971 biofilm sensitivity to antibiotics and macrophage cells 953:1007 PslG treatment markedly enhances biofilm sensitivity to antibiotics and macrophage cells, resulting in improved biofilm clearance in a mouse implant infection model. 26611635 2 13 from component 238:246 arg1 matrix 269:274 the extracellular matrix 251:274 the extracellular matrix 251:274 Exopolysaccharide is a critical component in the extracellular matrix that maintains biofilm architecture and protects resident biofilm bacteria from antimicrobials and host immune attack. 26611635 6 14 theme Psl 873:875 arg1 matrix 877:882 the Psl matrix 869:882 the Psl matrix to disperse bacteria from biofilms 869:917 PslG mainly disrupts the Psl matrix to disperse bacteria from biofilms. 26611635 4 15 from concentrations 722:735 arg1 minutes 701:707 minutes 701:707 minutes at nanomolar concentrations 701:735 Here, we show that PslG, a protein involved in the synthesis of a key biofilm matrix exopolysaccharide Psl in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, prevents biofilm formation and disassembles existing biofilms within minutes at nanomolar concentrations when supplied exogenously. 26611635 4 16 theme nanomolar 712:720 arg1 concentrations 722:735 nanomolar concentrations 712:735 nanomolar concentrations 712:735 Here, we show that PslG, a protein involved in the synthesis of a key biofilm matrix exopolysaccharide Psl in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, prevents biofilm formation and disassembles existing biofilms within minutes at nanomolar concentrations when supplied exogenously. 26611635 3 17 theme matrix 442:447 arg1 exopolysaccharides 449:466 the matrix exopolysaccharides 438:466 the matrix exopolysaccharides 438:466 However, self-produced factors that target the matrix exopolysaccharides, are still poorly understood. 26611635 2 18 theme host 375:378 arg1 attack 387:392 host immune attack 375:392 host immune attack 375:392 Exopolysaccharide is a critical component in the extracellular matrix that maintains biofilm architecture and protects resident biofilm bacteria from antimicrobials and host immune attack. 26611635 4 19 theme Psl 601:603 arg1 synthesis 549:557 the synthesis 545:557 the synthesis of a key biofilm matrix exopolysaccharide Psl in Pseudomonas aeruginosa 545:629 Here, we show that PslG, a protein involved in the synthesis of a key biofilm matrix exopolysaccharide Psl in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, prevents biofilm formation and disassembles existing biofilms within minutes at nanomolar concentrations when supplied exogenously. 26611635 8 20 theme wide 1164:1167 arg1 range 1169:1173 a wide range 1162:1173 a wide range of Pseudomonas species 1162:1196 Furthermore, PslG shows biofilm inhibition and disassembly activity against a wide range of Pseudomonas species, indicating its great potential in combating biofilm-related complications. 26611635 8 21 theme biofilm 1110:1116 arg1 inhibition 1118:1127 biofilm inhibition 1110:1127 biofilm inhibition 1110:1127 Furthermore, PslG shows biofilm inhibition and disassembly activity against a wide range of Pseudomonas species, indicating its great potential in combating biofilm-related complications. 26611635 8 22 theme inhibition 1118:1127 arg1 activity 1145:1152 biofilm inhibition and disassembly activity 1110:1152 biofilm inhibition and disassembly activity against a wide range of Pseudomonas species 1110:1196 Furthermore, PslG shows biofilm inhibition and disassembly activity against a wide range of Pseudomonas species, indicating its great potential in combating biofilm-related complications. 26611635 0 23 theme self-produced 8:20 arg1 hydrolase 31:39 a self-produced glycosyl hydrolase 6:39 a self-produced glycosyl hydrolase 6:39 PslG, a self-produced glycosyl hydrolase, triggers biofilm disassembly by disrupting exopolysaccharide matrix. 26611635 0 23 theme self-produced 8:20 arg1 PslG 0:3 PslG 0:3 PslG 0:3 PslG, a self-produced glycosyl hydrolase, triggers biofilm disassembly by disrupting exopolysaccharide matrix. 26611635 4 24 theme exopolysaccharide 583:599 arg1 Psl 601:603 a key biofilm matrix exopolysaccharide Psl 562:603 a key biofilm matrix exopolysaccharide Psl 562:603 Here, we show that PslG, a protein involved in the synthesis of a key biofilm matrix exopolysaccharide Psl in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, prevents biofilm formation and disassembles existing biofilms within minutes at nanomolar concentrations when supplied exogenously. 26611635 8 25 theme Pseudomonas 1178:1188 arg1 species 1190:1196 Pseudomonas species 1178:1196 Pseudomonas species 1178:1196 Furthermore, PslG shows biofilm inhibition and disassembly activity against a wide range of Pseudomonas species, indicating its great potential in combating biofilm-related complications. 26611635 7 26 theme improved 1023:1030 arg1 clearance 1040:1048 improved biofilm clearance 1023:1048 improved biofilm clearance 1023:1048 PslG treatment markedly enhances biofilm sensitivity to antibiotics and macrophage cells, resulting in improved biofilm clearance in a mouse implant infection model. 26611635 7 27 theme mouse 1055:1059 arg1 model 1079:1083 a mouse implant infection model 1053:1083 a mouse implant infection model 1053:1083 PslG treatment markedly enhances biofilm sensitivity to antibiotics and macrophage cells, resulting in improved biofilm clearance in a mouse implant infection model. 26611635 6 28 from biofilms 910:917 arg1 bacteria 896:903 bacteria 896:903 bacteria from biofilms 896:917 PslG mainly disrupts the Psl matrix to disperse bacteria from biofilms. 26611635 5 29 theme PslG 789:792 arg1 structure 776:784 The crystal structure 764:784 The crystal structure of PslG 764:792 The crystal structure of PslG indicates the typical features of an endoglycosidase. 26611635 0 30 theme glycosyl 22:29 arg1 hydrolase 31:39 a self-produced glycosyl hydrolase 6:39 a self-produced glycosyl hydrolase 6:39 PslG, a self-produced glycosyl hydrolase, triggers biofilm disassembly by disrupting exopolysaccharide matrix. 26611635 0 30 theme glycosyl 22:29 arg1 PslG 0:3 PslG 0:3 PslG 0:3 PslG, a self-produced glycosyl hydrolase, triggers biofilm disassembly by disrupting exopolysaccharide matrix. 26611635 4 31 theme key 564:566 arg1 Psl 601:603 a key biofilm matrix exopolysaccharide Psl 562:603 a key biofilm matrix exopolysaccharide Psl 562:603 Here, we show that PslG, a protein involved in the synthesis of a key biofilm matrix exopolysaccharide Psl in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, prevents biofilm formation and disassembles existing biofilms within minutes at nanomolar concentrations when supplied exogenously. 26611635 8 32 theme species 1190:1196 arg1 range 1169:1173 a wide range 1162:1173 a wide range of Pseudomonas species 1162:1196 Furthermore, PslG shows biofilm inhibition and disassembly activity against a wide range of Pseudomonas species, indicating its great potential in combating biofilm-related complications. 26611635 3 33 theme self-produced 404:416 arg1 factors 418:424 self-produced factors 404:424 self-produced factors 404:424 However, self-produced factors that target the matrix exopolysaccharides, are still poorly understood. 26611635 7 34 theme PslG 920:923 arg1 treatment 925:933 PslG treatment 920:933 PslG treatment 920:933 PslG treatment markedly enhances biofilm sensitivity to antibiotics and macrophage cells, resulting in improved biofilm clearance in a mouse implant infection model. 26611635 5 35 theme endoglycosidase 831:845 arg1 features 816:823 the typical features 804:823 the typical features of an endoglycosidase 804:845 The crystal structure of PslG indicates the typical features of an endoglycosidase. 26611635 2 36 theme extracellular 255:267 arg1 matrix 269:274 the extracellular matrix 251:274 the extracellular matrix 251:274 Exopolysaccharide is a critical component in the extracellular matrix that maintains biofilm architecture and protects resident biofilm bacteria from antimicrobials and host immune attack. 26611635 4 37 theme matrix 576:581 arg1 Psl 601:603 a key biofilm matrix exopolysaccharide Psl 562:603 a key biofilm matrix exopolysaccharide Psl 562:603 Here, we show that PslG, a protein involved in the synthesis of a key biofilm matrix exopolysaccharide Psl in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, prevents biofilm formation and disassembles existing biofilms within minutes at nanomolar concentrations when supplied exogenously. 26611635 1 38 theme surface-associated 124:141 arg1 communities 143:153 surface-associated communities 124:153 surface-associated communities of microorganism embedded in extracellular matrix 124:203 Biofilms are surface-associated communities of microorganism embedded in extracellular matrix. 26611635 1 38 theme surface-associated 124:141 arg1 Biofilms 111:118 Biofilms 111:118 Biofilms 111:118 Biofilms are surface-associated communities of microorganism embedded in extracellular matrix. 26611635 4 39 theme biofilm 568:574 arg1 Psl 601:603 a key biofilm matrix exopolysaccharide Psl 562:603 a key biofilm matrix exopolysaccharide Psl 562:603 Here, we show that PslG, a protein involved in the synthesis of a key biofilm matrix exopolysaccharide Psl in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, prevents biofilm formation and disassembles existing biofilms within minutes at nanomolar concentrations when supplied exogenously. 26611635 7 40 theme biofilm 1032:1038 arg1 clearance 1040:1048 improved biofilm clearance 1023:1048 improved biofilm clearance 1023:1048 PslG treatment markedly enhances biofilm sensitivity to antibiotics and macrophage cells, resulting in improved biofilm clearance in a mouse implant infection model. 26611635 7 41 theme infection 1069:1077 arg1 model 1079:1083 a mouse implant infection model 1053:1083 a mouse implant infection model 1053:1083 PslG treatment markedly enhances biofilm sensitivity to antibiotics and macrophage cells, resulting in improved biofilm clearance in a mouse implant infection model. 26611635 5 42 theme crystal 768:774 arg1 structure 776:784 The crystal structure 764:784 The crystal structure of PslG 764:792 The crystal structure of PslG indicates the typical features of an endoglycosidase. 26611635 2 43 theme critical 229:236 arg1 Exopolysaccharide 206:222 Exopolysaccharide 206:222 Exopolysaccharide 206:222 Exopolysaccharide is a critical component in the extracellular matrix that maintains biofilm architecture and protects resident biofilm bacteria from antimicrobials and host immune attack. 26611635 2 43 theme critical 229:236 arg1 component 238:246 a critical component 227:246 a critical component in the extracellular matrix that maintains biofilm architecture and protects resident biofilm bacteria from antimicrobials and host immune attack 227:392 Exopolysaccharide is a critical component in the extracellular matrix that maintains biofilm architecture and protects resident biofilm bacteria from antimicrobials and host immune attack. 26611635 2 44 theme immune 380:385 arg1 attack 387:392 host immune attack 375:392 host immune attack 375:392 Exopolysaccharide is a critical component in the extracellular matrix that maintains biofilm architecture and protects resident biofilm bacteria from antimicrobials and host immune attack. 26611635 7 45 theme macrophage 992:1001 arg1 cells 1003:1007 macrophage cells 992:1007 macrophage cells 992:1007 PslG treatment markedly enhances biofilm sensitivity to antibiotics and macrophage cells, resulting in improved biofilm clearance in a mouse implant infection model. 26611635 2 46 theme biofilm 291:297 arg1 architecture 299:310 biofilm architecture 291:310 biofilm architecture 291:310 Exopolysaccharide is a critical component in the extracellular matrix that maintains biofilm architecture and protects resident biofilm bacteria from antimicrobials and host immune attack. 26611635 1 47 theme microorganism 158:170 arg1 communities 143:153 surface-associated communities 124:153 surface-associated communities of microorganism embedded in extracellular matrix 124:203 Biofilms are surface-associated communities of microorganism embedded in extracellular matrix. 26611635 1 47 theme microorganism 158:170 arg1 Biofilms 111:118 Biofilms 111:118 Biofilms 111:118 Biofilms are surface-associated communities of microorganism embedded in extracellular matrix. 26611635 4 48 theme existing 676:683 arg1 biofilms 685:692 existing biofilms 676:692 existing biofilms 676:692 Here, we show that PslG, a protein involved in the synthesis of a key biofilm matrix exopolysaccharide Psl in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, prevents biofilm formation and disassembles existing biofilms within minutes at nanomolar concentrations when supplied exogenously. 26611635 0 49 theme biofilm 51:57 arg1 disassembly 59:69 biofilm disassembly 51:69 biofilm disassembly 51:69 PslG, a self-produced glycosyl hydrolase, triggers biofilm disassembly by disrupting exopolysaccharide matrix. 26611635 1 50 from matrix 198:203 arg1 embedded 172:179 embedded 172:179 embedded 172:179 Biofilms are surface-associated communities of microorganism embedded in extracellular matrix. 26611635 1 51 theme embedded 172:179 arg1 communities 143:153 surface-associated communities 124:153 surface-associated communities of microorganism embedded in extracellular matrix 124:203 Biofilms are surface-associated communities of microorganism embedded in extracellular matrix. 26611635 1 51 theme embedded 172:179 arg1 Biofilms 111:118 Biofilms 111:118 Biofilms 111:118 Biofilms are surface-associated communities of microorganism embedded in extracellular matrix. 26611635 2 52 from antimicrobials 356:369 arg1 bacteria 342:349 resident biofilm bacteria 325:349 resident biofilm bacteria from antimicrobials and host immune attack 325:392 Exopolysaccharide is a critical component in the extracellular matrix that maintains biofilm architecture and protects resident biofilm bacteria from antimicrobials and host immune attack. 26611635 5 53 theme typical 808:814 arg1 features 816:823 the typical features 804:823 the typical features of an endoglycosidase 804:845 The crystal structure of PslG indicates the typical features of an endoglycosidase. 26291183 2 0 theme biomimetic 317:326 arg1 inspiration 328:338 biomimetic inspiration 317:338 biomimetic inspiration 317:338 The combination of hardness and impact strength is difficult to acquire for artificial materials, making the babassu nut a promising source for biomimetic inspiration. 26291183 4 1 from layer 613:617 arg1 embedded 588:595 embedded 588:595 embedded 588:595 Four major principles were found for a biomimetic approach: a hard core ((1); endocarp) is embedded in a soft outer layer of high impact strength ((2); epicarp) and is reinforced with fibres of variable fineness (3), some of which are oriented radial to the core (4). 26291183 4 1 from layer 613:617 arg1 core 564:567 a hard core 557:567 a hard core ((1); endocarp) 557:583 Four major principles were found for a biomimetic approach: a hard core ((1); endocarp) is embedded in a soft outer layer of high impact strength ((2); epicarp) and is reinforced with fibres of variable fineness (3), some of which are oriented radial to the core (4). 26291183 0 2 theme babassu 72:78 arg1 nut 80:82 the babassu nut 68:82 the babassu nut (Orbignya speciosa) 68:102 Impact and hardness optimisation of composite materials inspired by the babassu nut (Orbignya speciosa). 26291183 0 2 theme babassu 72:78 arg1 speciosa 94:101 speciosa 94:101 speciosa 94:101 Impact and hardness optimisation of composite materials inspired by the babassu nut (Orbignya speciosa). 26291183 5 3 dep matrix 1005:1010 arg1 layers 1047:1052 based outer layers 1035:1052 based outer layers 1035:1052 Biomimetic fibre-reinforced composites were produced using abstracted mechanisms of the babassu nut based on regenerated cellulose fibres (lyocell, L) with two different fineness values as reinforcement embedded in a polylactide (PLA) core matrix and polypropylene (PP) based outer layers. 26291183 6 4 theme impact 1117:1122 arg1 higher 1151:1156 higher 1151:1156 higher 1151:1156 The biomimetic fibre composite reaches a significantly higher impact strength that is 1.6 times higher than the reference sample produced from a PLA/PP/L-blend. 26291183 6 4 theme impact 1117:1122 arg1 strength 1124:1131 a significantly higher impact strength 1094:1131 a significantly higher impact strength that is 1.6 times higher than the reference sample produced from a PLA/PP/L-blend 1094:1213 The biomimetic fibre composite reaches a significantly higher impact strength that is 1.6 times higher than the reference sample produced from a PLA/PP/L-blend. 26291183 5 5 theme polylactide 982:992 arg1 matrix 1005:1010 a polylactide (PLA) core matrix 980:1010 a polylactide (PLA) core matrix 980:1010 Biomimetic fibre-reinforced composites were produced using abstracted mechanisms of the babassu nut based on regenerated cellulose fibres (lyocell, L) with two different fineness values as reinforcement embedded in a polylactide (PLA) core matrix and polypropylene (PP) based outer layers. 26291183 6 6 theme higher 1110:1115 arg1 higher 1151:1156 higher 1151:1156 higher 1151:1156 The biomimetic fibre composite reaches a significantly higher impact strength that is 1.6 times higher than the reference sample produced from a PLA/PP/L-blend. 26291183 6 6 theme higher 1110:1115 arg1 strength 1124:1131 a significantly higher impact strength 1094:1131 a significantly higher impact strength that is 1.6 times higher than the reference sample produced from a PLA/PP/L-blend 1094:1213 The biomimetic fibre composite reaches a significantly higher impact strength that is 1.6 times higher than the reference sample produced from a PLA/PP/L-blend. 26291183 5 7 theme cellulose 886:894 arg1 lyocell 904:910 lyocell 904:910 lyocell 904:910 Biomimetic fibre-reinforced composites were produced using abstracted mechanisms of the babassu nut based on regenerated cellulose fibres (lyocell, L) with two different fineness values as reinforcement embedded in a polylactide (PLA) core matrix and polypropylene (PP) based outer layers. 26291183 5 7 theme cellulose 886:894 arg1 fibres 896:901 regenerated cellulose fibres 874:901 regenerated cellulose fibres (lyocell, L) with two different fineness values 874:949 Biomimetic fibre-reinforced composites were produced using abstracted mechanisms of the babassu nut based on regenerated cellulose fibres (lyocell, L) with two different fineness values as reinforcement embedded in a polylactide (PLA) core matrix and polypropylene (PP) based outer layers. 26291183 4 8 theme hard 559:562 arg1 endocarp 575:582 (1); endocarp 570:582 (1); endocarp 570:582 Four major principles were found for a biomimetic approach: a hard core ((1); endocarp) is embedded in a soft outer layer of high impact strength ((2); epicarp) and is reinforced with fibres of variable fineness (3), some of which are oriented radial to the core (4). 26291183 4 8 theme hard 559:562 arg1 embedded 588:595 embedded 588:595 embedded 588:595 Four major principles were found for a biomimetic approach: a hard core ((1); endocarp) is embedded in a soft outer layer of high impact strength ((2); epicarp) and is reinforced with fibres of variable fineness (3), some of which are oriented radial to the core (4). 26291183 4 8 theme hard 559:562 arg1 core 564:567 a hard core 557:567 a hard core ((1); endocarp) 557:583 Four major principles were found for a biomimetic approach: a hard core ((1); endocarp) is embedded in a soft outer layer of high impact strength ((2); epicarp) and is reinforced with fibres of variable fineness (3), some of which are oriented radial to the core (4). 26291183 5 9 theme fibre-reinforced 776:791 arg1 composites 793:802 Biomimetic fibre-reinforced composites 765:802 Biomimetic fibre-reinforced composites 765:802 Biomimetic fibre-reinforced composites were produced using abstracted mechanisms of the babassu nut based on regenerated cellulose fibres (lyocell, L) with two different fineness values as reinforcement embedded in a polylactide (PLA) core matrix and polypropylene (PP) based outer layers. 26291183 5 10 theme fineness 935:942 arg1 values 944:949 two different fineness values 921:949 two different fineness values 921:949 Biomimetic fibre-reinforced composites were produced using abstracted mechanisms of the babassu nut based on regenerated cellulose fibres (lyocell, L) with two different fineness values as reinforcement embedded in a polylactide (PLA) core matrix and polypropylene (PP) based outer layers. 26291183 5 11 theme abstracted 824:833 arg1 mechanisms 835:844 abstracted mechanisms 824:844 abstracted mechanisms of the babassu nut based on regenerated cellulose fibres (lyocell, L) with two different fineness values 824:949 Biomimetic fibre-reinforced composites were produced using abstracted mechanisms of the babassu nut based on regenerated cellulose fibres (lyocell, L) with two different fineness values as reinforcement embedded in a polylactide (PLA) core matrix and polypropylene (PP) based outer layers. 26291183 5 12 dep lyocell 904:910 arg1 L 913:913 L 913:913 L 913:913 Biomimetic fibre-reinforced composites were produced using abstracted mechanisms of the babassu nut based on regenerated cellulose fibres (lyocell, L) with two different fineness values as reinforcement embedded in a polylactide (PLA) core matrix and polypropylene (PP) based outer layers. 26291183 2 13 theme artificial 249:258 arg1 materials 260:268 artificial materials 249:268 artificial materials 249:268 The combination of hardness and impact strength is difficult to acquire for artificial materials, making the babassu nut a promising source for biomimetic inspiration. 26291183 5 14 theme outer 1041:1045 arg1 layers 1047:1052 based outer layers 1035:1052 based outer layers 1035:1052 Biomimetic fibre-reinforced composites were produced using abstracted mechanisms of the babassu nut based on regenerated cellulose fibres (lyocell, L) with two different fineness values as reinforcement embedded in a polylactide (PLA) core matrix and polypropylene (PP) based outer layers. 26291183 4 15 theme impact 627:632 arg1 strength 634:641 high impact strength 622:641 high impact strength ((2); epicarp) 622:656 Four major principles were found for a biomimetic approach: a hard core ((1); endocarp) is embedded in a soft outer layer of high impact strength ((2); epicarp) and is reinforced with fibres of variable fineness (3), some of which are oriented radial to the core (4). 26291183 4 15 theme impact 627:632 arg1 epicarp 649:655 (2); epicarp 644:655 (2); epicarp 644:655 Four major principles were found for a biomimetic approach: a hard core ((1); endocarp) is embedded in a soft outer layer of high impact strength ((2); epicarp) and is reinforced with fibres of variable fineness (3), some of which are oriented radial to the core (4). 26291183 5 16 from polypropylene 1016:1028 arg1 embedded 968:975 embedded 968:975 embedded 968:975 Biomimetic fibre-reinforced composites were produced using abstracted mechanisms of the babassu nut based on regenerated cellulose fibres (lyocell, L) with two different fineness values as reinforcement embedded in a polylactide (PLA) core matrix and polypropylene (PP) based outer layers. 26291183 3 17 theme scanning 399:406 arg1 microscopy 417:426 scanning electron microscopy 399:426 scanning electron microscopy 399:426 Unnotched Charpy impact tests, Shore D hardness tests and scanning electron microscopy were used for mechanical and microscopical analysis of the pericarp. 26291183 3 18 theme Shore 372:376 arg1 tests 389:393 Shore D hardness tests 372:393 Shore D hardness tests 372:393 Unnotched Charpy impact tests, Shore D hardness tests and scanning electron microscopy were used for mechanical and microscopical analysis of the pericarp. 26291183 0 19 theme composite 36:44 arg1 materials 46:54 composite materials 36:54 composite materials 36:54 Impact and hardness optimisation of composite materials inspired by the babassu nut (Orbignya speciosa). 26291183 4 20 from embedded 588:595 arg1 layer 613:617 a soft outer layer 600:617 a soft outer layer of high impact strength ((2); epicarp) 600:656 Four major principles were found for a biomimetic approach: a hard core ((1); endocarp) is embedded in a soft outer layer of high impact strength ((2); epicarp) and is reinforced with fibres of variable fineness (3), some of which are oriented radial to the core (4). 26291183 1 21 theme babassu 141:147 arg1 speciosa 163:170 the babassu palm Orbignya speciosa 137:170 the babassu palm Orbignya speciosa 137:170 The babassu nut is the fruit of the babassu palm Orbignya speciosa. 26291183 3 22 theme impact 358:363 arg1 tests 365:369 Unnotched Charpy impact tests 341:369 Unnotched Charpy impact tests 341:369 Unnotched Charpy impact tests, Shore D hardness tests and scanning electron microscopy were used for mechanical and microscopical analysis of the pericarp. 26291183 5 23 from matrix 1005:1010 arg1 embedded 968:975 embedded 968:975 embedded 968:975 Biomimetic fibre-reinforced composites were produced using abstracted mechanisms of the babassu nut based on regenerated cellulose fibres (lyocell, L) with two different fineness values as reinforcement embedded in a polylactide (PLA) core matrix and polypropylene (PP) based outer layers. 26291183 2 24 theme babassu 282:288 arg1 nut 290:292 the babassu nut 278:292 the babassu nut 278:292 The combination of hardness and impact strength is difficult to acquire for artificial materials, making the babassu nut a promising source for biomimetic inspiration. 26291183 1 25 theme palm 149:152 arg1 speciosa 163:170 the babassu palm Orbignya speciosa 137:170 the babassu palm Orbignya speciosa 137:170 The babassu nut is the fruit of the babassu palm Orbignya speciosa. 26291183 6 26 theme fibre 1070:1074 arg1 composite 1076:1084 The biomimetic fibre composite 1055:1084 The biomimetic fibre composite 1055:1084 The biomimetic fibre composite reaches a significantly higher impact strength that is 1.6 times higher than the reference sample produced from a PLA/PP/L-blend. 26291183 1 27 theme Orbignya 154:161 arg1 speciosa 163:170 the babassu palm Orbignya speciosa 137:170 the babassu palm Orbignya speciosa 137:170 The babassu nut is the fruit of the babassu palm Orbignya speciosa. 26291183 3 28 theme Unnotched 341:349 arg1 tests 365:369 Unnotched Charpy impact tests 341:369 Unnotched Charpy impact tests 341:369 Unnotched Charpy impact tests, Shore D hardness tests and scanning electron microscopy were used for mechanical and microscopical analysis of the pericarp. 26291183 6 29 theme reference 1167:1175 arg1 sample 1177:1182 the reference sample 1163:1182 the reference sample produced from a PLA/PP/L-blend 1163:1213 The biomimetic fibre composite reaches a significantly higher impact strength that is 1.6 times higher than the reference sample produced from a PLA/PP/L-blend. 26291183 5 30 theme Biomimetic 765:774 arg1 composites 793:802 Biomimetic fibre-reinforced composites 765:802 Biomimetic fibre-reinforced composites 765:802 Biomimetic fibre-reinforced composites were produced using abstracted mechanisms of the babassu nut based on regenerated cellulose fibres (lyocell, L) with two different fineness values as reinforcement embedded in a polylactide (PLA) core matrix and polypropylene (PP) based outer layers. 26291183 7 31 theme same 1223:1226 arg1 time 1228:1231 the same time 1219:1231 the same time 1219:1231 At the same time the hardness is slightly increased compared to PP/L. 26291183 4 32 theme fineness 700:707 arg1 fibres 681:686 fibres 681:686 fibres 681:686 Four major principles were found for a biomimetic approach: a hard core ((1); endocarp) is embedded in a soft outer layer of high impact strength ((2); epicarp) and is reinforced with fibres of variable fineness (3), some of which are oriented radial to the core (4). 26291183 2 33 dep hardness 192:199 arg1 strength 212:219 strength 212:219 strength 212:219 The combination of hardness and impact strength is difficult to acquire for artificial materials, making the babassu nut a promising source for biomimetic inspiration. 26291183 3 34 theme Charpy 351:356 arg1 tests 365:369 Unnotched Charpy impact tests 341:369 Unnotched Charpy impact tests 341:369 Unnotched Charpy impact tests, Shore D hardness tests and scanning electron microscopy were used for mechanical and microscopical analysis of the pericarp. 26291183 4 35 theme biomimetic 536:545 arg1 approach 547:554 a biomimetic approach 534:554 a biomimetic approach 534:554 Four major principles were found for a biomimetic approach: a hard core ((1); endocarp) is embedded in a soft outer layer of high impact strength ((2); epicarp) and is reinforced with fibres of variable fineness (3), some of which are oriented radial to the core (4). 26291183 3 36 used used 433:436 arg2 tests 389:393 Shore D hardness tests 372:393 Shore D hardness tests 372:393 Unnotched Charpy impact tests, Shore D hardness tests and scanning electron microscopy were used for mechanical and microscopical analysis of the pericarp. 26291183 3 36 used used 433:436 arg2 tests 365:369 Unnotched Charpy impact tests 341:369 Unnotched Charpy impact tests 341:369 Unnotched Charpy impact tests, Shore D hardness tests and scanning electron microscopy were used for mechanical and microscopical analysis of the pericarp. 26291183 3 36 used used 433:436 arg2 microscopy 417:426 scanning electron microscopy 399:426 scanning electron microscopy 399:426 Unnotched Charpy impact tests, Shore D hardness tests and scanning electron microscopy were used for mechanical and microscopical analysis of the pericarp. 26291183 4 37 theme outer 607:611 arg1 layer 613:617 a soft outer layer 600:617 a soft outer layer of high impact strength ((2); epicarp) 600:656 Four major principles were found for a biomimetic approach: a hard core ((1); endocarp) is embedded in a soft outer layer of high impact strength ((2); epicarp) and is reinforced with fibres of variable fineness (3), some of which are oriented radial to the core (4). 26291183 3 38 theme D 378:378 arg1 tests 389:393 Shore D hardness tests 372:393 Shore D hardness tests 372:393 Unnotched Charpy impact tests, Shore D hardness tests and scanning electron microscopy were used for mechanical and microscopical analysis of the pericarp. 26291183 4 39 theme high 622:625 arg1 strength 634:641 high impact strength 622:641 high impact strength ((2); epicarp) 622:656 Four major principles were found for a biomimetic approach: a hard core ((1); endocarp) is embedded in a soft outer layer of high impact strength ((2); epicarp) and is reinforced with fibres of variable fineness (3), some of which are oriented radial to the core (4). 26291183 4 39 theme high 622:625 arg1 epicarp 649:655 (2); epicarp 644:655 (2); epicarp 644:655 Four major principles were found for a biomimetic approach: a hard core ((1); endocarp) is embedded in a soft outer layer of high impact strength ((2); epicarp) and is reinforced with fibres of variable fineness (3), some of which are oriented radial to the core (4). 26291183 2 40 theme impact 205:210 arg1 difficult 224:232 difficult 224:232 difficult 224:232 The combination of hardness and impact strength is difficult to acquire for artificial materials, making the babassu nut a promising source for biomimetic inspiration. 26291183 2 40 theme impact 205:210 arg1 combination 177:187 The combination 173:187 The combination of hardness and impact strength 173:219 The combination of hardness and impact strength is difficult to acquire for artificial materials, making the babassu nut a promising source for biomimetic inspiration. 26291183 6 41 theme biomimetic 1059:1068 arg1 composite 1076:1084 The biomimetic fibre composite 1055:1084 The biomimetic fibre composite 1055:1084 The biomimetic fibre composite reaches a significantly higher impact strength that is 1.6 times higher than the reference sample produced from a PLA/PP/L-blend. 26291183 3 42 theme hardness 380:387 arg1 tests 389:393 Shore D hardness tests 372:393 Shore D hardness tests 372:393 Unnotched Charpy impact tests, Shore D hardness tests and scanning electron microscopy were used for mechanical and microscopical analysis of the pericarp. 26291183 4 43 theme major 502:506 arg1 principles 508:517 Four major principles 497:517 Four major principles 497:517 Four major principles were found for a biomimetic approach: a hard core ((1); endocarp) is embedded in a soft outer layer of high impact strength ((2); epicarp) and is reinforced with fibres of variable fineness (3), some of which are oriented radial to the core (4). 26291183 4 44 theme variable 691:698 arg1 fineness 700:707 variable fineness 691:707 variable fineness (3) 691:711 Four major principles were found for a biomimetic approach: a hard core ((1); endocarp) is embedded in a soft outer layer of high impact strength ((2); epicarp) and is reinforced with fibres of variable fineness (3), some of which are oriented radial to the core (4). 26291183 4 44 theme variable 691:698 arg1 3 710:710 3 710:710 3 710:710 Four major principles were found for a biomimetic approach: a hard core ((1); endocarp) is embedded in a soft outer layer of high impact strength ((2); epicarp) and is reinforced with fibres of variable fineness (3), some of which are oriented radial to the core (4). 26291183 5 45 from embedded 968:975 arg1 PP 1031:1032 PP 1031:1032 PP 1031:1032 Biomimetic fibre-reinforced composites were produced using abstracted mechanisms of the babassu nut based on regenerated cellulose fibres (lyocell, L) with two different fineness values as reinforcement embedded in a polylactide (PLA) core matrix and polypropylene (PP) based outer layers. 26291183 5 45 from embedded 968:975 arg1 polypropylene 1016:1028 polypropylene 1016:1028 polypropylene (PP) 1016:1033 Biomimetic fibre-reinforced composites were produced using abstracted mechanisms of the babassu nut based on regenerated cellulose fibres (lyocell, L) with two different fineness values as reinforcement embedded in a polylactide (PLA) core matrix and polypropylene (PP) based outer layers. 26291183 5 45 from embedded 968:975 arg1 matrix 1005:1010 a polylactide (PLA) core matrix 980:1010 a polylactide (PLA) core matrix 980:1010 Biomimetic fibre-reinforced composites were produced using abstracted mechanisms of the babassu nut based on regenerated cellulose fibres (lyocell, L) with two different fineness values as reinforcement embedded in a polylactide (PLA) core matrix and polypropylene (PP) based outer layers. 26291183 5 46 theme different 925:933 arg1 values 944:949 two different fineness values 921:949 two different fineness values 921:949 Biomimetic fibre-reinforced composites were produced using abstracted mechanisms of the babassu nut based on regenerated cellulose fibres (lyocell, L) with two different fineness values as reinforcement embedded in a polylactide (PLA) core matrix and polypropylene (PP) based outer layers. 26291183 2 47 theme hardness 192:199 arg1 difficult 224:232 difficult 224:232 difficult 224:232 The combination of hardness and impact strength is difficult to acquire for artificial materials, making the babassu nut a promising source for biomimetic inspiration. 26291183 2 47 theme hardness 192:199 arg1 combination 177:187 The combination 173:187 The combination of hardness and impact strength 173:219 The combination of hardness and impact strength is difficult to acquire for artificial materials, making the babassu nut a promising source for biomimetic inspiration. 26291183 3 48 theme microscopical 457:469 arg1 analysis 471:478 mechanical and microscopical analysis 442:478 mechanical and microscopical analysis of the pericarp 442:494 Unnotched Charpy impact tests, Shore D hardness tests and scanning electron microscopy were used for mechanical and microscopical analysis of the pericarp. 26291183 0 49 theme materials 46:54 arg1 Impact 0:5 Impact 0:5 Impact 0:5 Impact and hardness optimisation of composite materials inspired by the babassu nut (Orbignya speciosa). 26291183 0 49 theme materials 46:54 arg1 optimisation 20:31 hardness optimisation 11:31 hardness optimisation 11:31 Impact and hardness optimisation of composite materials inspired by the babassu nut (Orbignya speciosa). 26291183 2 50 theme promising 296:304 arg1 source 306:311 a promising source 294:311 a promising source for biomimetic inspiration 294:338 The combination of hardness and impact strength is difficult to acquire for artificial materials, making the babassu nut a promising source for biomimetic inspiration. 26291183 5 51 theme core 1000:1003 arg1 matrix 1005:1010 a polylactide (PLA) core matrix 980:1010 a polylactide (PLA) core matrix 980:1010 Biomimetic fibre-reinforced composites were produced using abstracted mechanisms of the babassu nut based on regenerated cellulose fibres (lyocell, L) with two different fineness values as reinforcement embedded in a polylactide (PLA) core matrix and polypropylene (PP) based outer layers. 26291183 5 52 theme regenerated 874:884 arg1 lyocell 904:910 lyocell 904:910 lyocell 904:910 Biomimetic fibre-reinforced composites were produced using abstracted mechanisms of the babassu nut based on regenerated cellulose fibres (lyocell, L) with two different fineness values as reinforcement embedded in a polylactide (PLA) core matrix and polypropylene (PP) based outer layers. 26291183 5 52 theme regenerated 874:884 arg1 fibres 896:901 regenerated cellulose fibres 874:901 regenerated cellulose fibres (lyocell, L) with two different fineness values 874:949 Biomimetic fibre-reinforced composites were produced using abstracted mechanisms of the babassu nut based on regenerated cellulose fibres (lyocell, L) with two different fineness values as reinforcement embedded in a polylactide (PLA) core matrix and polypropylene (PP) based outer layers. 26291183 1 53 theme babassu 109:115 arg1 nut 117:119 The babassu nut 105:119 The babassu nut 105:119 The babassu nut is the fruit of the babassu palm Orbignya speciosa. 26291183 1 53 theme babassu 109:115 arg1 fruit 128:132 the fruit 124:132 the fruit of the babassu palm Orbignya speciosa 124:170 The babassu nut is the fruit of the babassu palm Orbignya speciosa. 26291183 5 54 theme babassu 853:859 arg1 nut 861:863 the babassu nut 849:863 the babassu nut based on regenerated cellulose fibres (lyocell, L) with two different fineness values 849:949 Biomimetic fibre-reinforced composites were produced using abstracted mechanisms of the babassu nut based on regenerated cellulose fibres (lyocell, L) with two different fineness values as reinforcement embedded in a polylactide (PLA) core matrix and polypropylene (PP) based outer layers. 26291183 4 55 theme strength 634:641 arg1 layer 613:617 a soft outer layer 600:617 a soft outer layer of high impact strength ((2); epicarp) 600:656 Four major principles were found for a biomimetic approach: a hard core ((1); endocarp) is embedded in a soft outer layer of high impact strength ((2); epicarp) and is reinforced with fibres of variable fineness (3), some of which are oriented radial to the core (4). 26291183 3 56 theme mechanical 442:451 arg1 analysis 471:478 mechanical and microscopical analysis 442:478 mechanical and microscopical analysis of the pericarp 442:494 Unnotched Charpy impact tests, Shore D hardness tests and scanning electron microscopy were used for mechanical and microscopical analysis of the pericarp. 26291183 5 57 theme nut 861:863 arg1 mechanisms 835:844 abstracted mechanisms 824:844 abstracted mechanisms of the babassu nut based on regenerated cellulose fibres (lyocell, L) with two different fineness values 824:949 Biomimetic fibre-reinforced composites were produced using abstracted mechanisms of the babassu nut based on regenerated cellulose fibres (lyocell, L) with two different fineness values as reinforcement embedded in a polylactide (PLA) core matrix and polypropylene (PP) based outer layers. 26291183 1 58 theme speciosa 163:170 arg1 nut 117:119 The babassu nut 105:119 The babassu nut 105:119 The babassu nut is the fruit of the babassu palm Orbignya speciosa. 26291183 1 58 theme speciosa 163:170 arg1 fruit 128:132 the fruit 124:132 the fruit of the babassu palm Orbignya speciosa 124:170 The babassu nut is the fruit of the babassu palm Orbignya speciosa. 26291183 3 59 theme pericarp 487:494 arg1 analysis 471:478 mechanical and microscopical analysis 442:478 mechanical and microscopical analysis of the pericarp 442:494 Unnotched Charpy impact tests, Shore D hardness tests and scanning electron microscopy were used for mechanical and microscopical analysis of the pericarp. 26291183 3 60 theme electron 408:415 arg1 microscopy 417:426 scanning electron microscopy 399:426 scanning electron microscopy 399:426 Unnotched Charpy impact tests, Shore D hardness tests and scanning electron microscopy were used for mechanical and microscopical analysis of the pericarp. 26291183 5 61 theme based 1035:1039 arg1 layers 1047:1052 based outer layers 1035:1052 based outer layers 1035:1052 Biomimetic fibre-reinforced composites were produced using abstracted mechanisms of the babassu nut based on regenerated cellulose fibres (lyocell, L) with two different fineness values as reinforcement embedded in a polylactide (PLA) core matrix and polypropylene (PP) based outer layers. 26291183 5 62 theme embedded 968:975 arg1 reinforcement 954:966 reinforcement 954:966 reinforcement embedded in a polylactide (PLA) core matrix and polypropylene (PP) based outer layers 954:1052 Biomimetic fibre-reinforced composites were produced using abstracted mechanisms of the babassu nut based on regenerated cellulose fibres (lyocell, L) with two different fineness values as reinforcement embedded in a polylactide (PLA) core matrix and polypropylene (PP) based outer layers. 26291183 0 63 theme hardness 11:18 arg1 optimisation 20:31 hardness optimisation 11:31 hardness optimisation 11:31 Impact and hardness optimisation of composite materials inspired by the babassu nut (Orbignya speciosa). 26291183 4 64 theme soft 602:605 arg1 layer 613:617 a soft outer layer 600:617 a soft outer layer of high impact strength ((2); epicarp) 600:656 Four major principles were found for a biomimetic approach: a hard core ((1); endocarp) is embedded in a soft outer layer of high impact strength ((2); epicarp) and is reinforced with fibres of variable fineness (3), some of which are oriented radial to the core (4). 26291183 5 65 with fibres 896:901 arg1 values 944:949 two different fineness values 921:949 two different fineness values 921:949 Biomimetic fibre-reinforced composites were produced using abstracted mechanisms of the babassu nut based on regenerated cellulose fibres (lyocell, L) with two different fineness values as reinforcement embedded in a polylactide (PLA) core matrix and polypropylene (PP) based outer layers. 27700109 0 0 theme Dispersions 92:102 arg1 Miscibility 38:48 Miscibility 38:48 Miscibility 38:48 Investigating the Correlation between Miscibility and Physical Stability of Amorphous Solid Dispersions Using Fluorescence-Based Techniques. 27700109 0 0 theme Dispersions 92:102 arg1 Stability 63:71 Physical Stability 54:71 Physical Stability 54:71 Investigating the Correlation between Miscibility and Physical Stability of Amorphous Solid Dispersions Using Fluorescence-Based Techniques. 27700109 2 1 theme Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl 390:415 arg1 succinate 496:504 indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate 445:504 indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate 445:504 Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (IDM-HPMC), indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate, and indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone (IDM-PVP) were used as model systems. 27700109 2 1 theme Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl 390:415 arg1 IDM-HPMC 434:441 IDM-HPMC 434:441 IDM-HPMC 434:441 Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (IDM-HPMC), indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate, and indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone (IDM-PVP) were used as model systems. 27700109 2 1 theme Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl 390:415 arg1 methylcellulose 417:431 Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 390:431 Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (IDM-HPMC) 390:442 Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (IDM-HPMC), indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate, and indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone (IDM-PVP) were used as model systems. 27700109 2 1 theme Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl 390:415 arg1 systems 574:580 model systems 568:580 model systems 568:580 Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (IDM-HPMC), indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate, and indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone (IDM-PVP) were used as model systems. 27700109 2 1 theme Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl 390:415 arg1 indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone 511:543 indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone 511:543 indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone (IDM-PVP) 511:553 Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (IDM-HPMC), indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate, and indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone (IDM-PVP) were used as model systems. 27700109 2 2 theme model 568:572 arg1 succinate 496:504 indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate 445:504 indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate 445:504 Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (IDM-HPMC), indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate, and indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone (IDM-PVP) were used as model systems. 27700109 2 2 theme model 568:572 arg1 methylcellulose 417:431 Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 390:431 Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (IDM-HPMC) 390:442 Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (IDM-HPMC), indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate, and indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone (IDM-PVP) were used as model systems. 27700109 2 2 theme model 568:572 arg1 systems 574:580 model systems 568:580 model systems 568:580 Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (IDM-HPMC), indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate, and indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone (IDM-PVP) were used as model systems. 27700109 2 2 theme model 568:572 arg1 indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone 511:543 indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone 511:543 indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone (IDM-PVP) 511:553 Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (IDM-HPMC), indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate, and indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone (IDM-PVP) were used as model systems. 27700109 2 3 used used 560:563 arg2 succinate 496:504 indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate 445:504 indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate 445:504 Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (IDM-HPMC), indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate, and indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone (IDM-PVP) were used as model systems. 27700109 2 3 used used 560:563 arg2 IDM-HPMC 434:441 IDM-HPMC 434:441 IDM-HPMC 434:441 Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (IDM-HPMC), indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate, and indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone (IDM-PVP) were used as model systems. 27700109 2 3 used used 560:563 arg2 indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone 511:543 indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone 511:543 indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone (IDM-PVP) 511:553 Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (IDM-HPMC), indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate, and indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone (IDM-PVP) were used as model systems. 27700109 2 3 used used 560:563 arg2 methylcellulose 417:431 Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 390:431 Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (IDM-HPMC) 390:442 Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (IDM-HPMC), indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate, and indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone (IDM-PVP) were used as model systems. 27700109 2 3 used used 560:563 arg2 IDM-PVP 546:552 IDM-PVP 546:552 IDM-PVP 546:552 Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (IDM-HPMC), indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate, and indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone (IDM-PVP) were used as model systems. 27700109 2 3 used used 560:563 arg2 systems 574:580 model systems 568:580 model systems 568:580 Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (IDM-HPMC), indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate, and indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone (IDM-PVP) were used as model systems. 27700109 0 4 theme Fluorescence-Based 110:127 arg1 Techniques 129:138 Fluorescence-Based Techniques 110:138 Fluorescence-Based Techniques 110:138 Investigating the Correlation between Miscibility and Physical Stability of Amorphous Solid Dispersions Using Fluorescence-Based Techniques. 27700109 4 5 theme fluorescence 844:855 arg1 XRD 888:890 XRD 888:890 XRD 888:890 The physical stability of IDM-polymer ASDs stored at 40 °C was evaluated using fluorescence imaging and X-ray diffraction (XRD). 27700109 4 5 theme fluorescence 844:855 arg1 imaging 857:863 fluorescence imaging 844:863 fluorescence imaging 844:863 The physical stability of IDM-polymer ASDs stored at 40 °C was evaluated using fluorescence imaging and X-ray diffraction (XRD). 27700109 10 6 theme drug-polymer 1767:1778 arg1 miscibility 1780:1790 drug-polymer miscibility 1767:1790 drug-polymer miscibility 1767:1790 In addition, fluorescence-based techniques show promise in the evaluation of drug-polymer miscibility. 27700109 5 7 theme IDM 945:947 arg1 limit 936:940 The experimentally determined miscibility limit 894:940 The experimentally determined miscibility limit of IDM with the polymers 894:965 The experimentally determined miscibility limit of IDM with the polymers was 50-60%, 20-30%, and 70-80% drug loading for HPMC, HPMCAS, and PVP, respectively. 27700109 5 7 theme IDM 945:947 arg1 % 976:976 50-60% 971:976 50-60% 971:976 The experimentally determined miscibility limit of IDM with the polymers was 50-60%, 20-30%, and 70-80% drug loading for HPMC, HPMCAS, and PVP, respectively. 27700109 7 8 dep loadings 1388:1395 arg1 % 1411:1411 % 1411:1411 % 1411:1411 For IDM-HPMCAS ASDs, samples with drug loading less than 30% remained amorphous, while samples with drug loadings higher than 30% crystallized within 10 days. 27700109 5 9 theme miscibility 924:934 arg1 limit 936:940 The experimentally determined miscibility limit 894:940 The experimentally determined miscibility limit of IDM with the polymers 894:965 The experimentally determined miscibility limit of IDM with the polymers was 50-60%, 20-30%, and 70-80% drug loading for HPMC, HPMCAS, and PVP, respectively. 27700109 5 9 theme miscibility 924:934 arg1 % 976:976 50-60% 971:976 50-60% 971:976 The experimentally determined miscibility limit of IDM with the polymers was 50-60%, 20-30%, and 70-80% drug loading for HPMC, HPMCAS, and PVP, respectively. 27700109 3 10 theme systems 618:624 arg1 miscibility 587:597 The miscibility 583:597 The miscibility of the IDM-polymer systems 583:624 The miscibility of the IDM-polymer systems was evaluated by fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence imaging, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. 27700109 2 11 theme indomethacin-hydroxypropyl 445:470 arg1 methylcellulose 417:431 Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 390:431 Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (IDM-HPMC) 390:442 Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (IDM-HPMC), indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate, and indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone (IDM-PVP) were used as model systems. 27700109 2 11 theme indomethacin-hydroxypropyl 445:470 arg1 succinate 496:504 indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate 445:504 indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate 445:504 Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (IDM-HPMC), indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate, and indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone (IDM-PVP) were used as model systems. 27700109 2 11 theme indomethacin-hydroxypropyl 445:470 arg1 systems 574:580 model systems 568:580 model systems 568:580 Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (IDM-HPMC), indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate, and indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone (IDM-PVP) were used as model systems. 27700109 2 11 theme indomethacin-hydroxypropyl 445:470 arg1 indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone 511:543 indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone 511:543 indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone (IDM-PVP) 511:553 Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (IDM-HPMC), indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate, and indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone (IDM-PVP) were used as model systems. 27700109 7 12 dep loading 1322:1328 arg1 % 1342:1342 % 1342:1342 % 1342:1342 For IDM-HPMCAS ASDs, samples with drug loading less than 30% remained amorphous, while samples with drug loadings higher than 30% crystallized within 10 days. 27700109 6 13 theme amorphous 1165:1173 arg1 form 1175:1178 amorphous form 1165:1178 amorphous form 1165:1178 The X-ray results showed that for IDM-HPMC ASDs, samples with a drug loading of less than 50% were maintained in amorphous form during the study period, while samples with drug loadings higher than 50% crystallized within 15 days. 27700109 7 14 theme drug 1317:1320 arg1 loading 1322:1328 drug loading 1317:1328 drug loading less than 30% 1317:1342 For IDM-HPMCAS ASDs, samples with drug loading less than 30% remained amorphous, while samples with drug loadings higher than 30% crystallized within 10 days. 27700109 0 15 theme Solid 86:90 arg1 Dispersions 92:102 Amorphous Solid Dispersions 76:102 Amorphous Solid Dispersions Using Fluorescence-Based Techniques 76:138 Investigating the Correlation between Miscibility and Physical Stability of Amorphous Solid Dispersions Using Fluorescence-Based Techniques. 27700109 10 16 theme fluorescence-based 1703:1720 arg1 techniques 1722:1731 fluorescence-based techniques 1703:1731 fluorescence-based techniques 1703:1731 In addition, fluorescence-based techniques show promise in the evaluation of drug-polymer miscibility. 27700109 5 17 dep % 976:976 arg1 loading 1003:1009 drug loading 998:1009 drug loading 998:1009 The experimentally determined miscibility limit of IDM with the polymers was 50-60%, 20-30%, and 70-80% drug loading for HPMC, HPMCAS, and PVP, respectively. 27700109 7 18 with samples 1370:1376 arg1 loadings 1388:1395 drug loadings 1383:1395 drug loadings higher than 30% 1383:1411 For IDM-HPMCAS ASDs, samples with drug loading less than 30% remained amorphous, while samples with drug loadings higher than 30% crystallized within 10 days. 27700109 6 19 theme higher 1238:1243 arg1 loadings 1229:1236 drug loadings 1224:1236 drug loadings higher than 50% 1224:1252 The X-ray results showed that for IDM-HPMC ASDs, samples with a drug loading of less than 50% were maintained in amorphous form during the study period, while samples with drug loadings higher than 50% crystallized within 15 days. 27700109 3 20 theme fluorescence 670:681 arg1 imaging 683:689 fluorescence imaging 670:689 fluorescence imaging 670:689 The miscibility of the IDM-polymer systems was evaluated by fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence imaging, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. 27700109 6 21 theme IDM-HPMC 1086:1093 arg1 ASDs 1095:1098 IDM-HPMC ASDs 1086:1098 IDM-HPMC ASDs 1086:1098 The X-ray results showed that for IDM-HPMC ASDs, samples with a drug loading of less than 50% were maintained in amorphous form during the study period, while samples with drug loadings higher than 50% crystallized within 15 days. 27700109 5 22 with limit 936:940 arg1 polymers 958:965 the polymers 954:965 the polymers 954:965 The experimentally determined miscibility limit of IDM with the polymers was 50-60%, 20-30%, and 70-80% drug loading for HPMC, HPMCAS, and PVP, respectively. 27700109 10 23 theme miscibility 1780:1790 arg1 evaluation 1753:1762 the evaluation 1749:1762 the evaluation of drug-polymer miscibility 1749:1790 In addition, fluorescence-based techniques show promise in the evaluation of drug-polymer miscibility. 27700109 3 24 theme fluorescence 643:654 arg1 spectroscopy 656:667 fluorescence spectroscopy 643:667 fluorescence spectroscopy 643:667 The miscibility of the IDM-polymer systems was evaluated by fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence imaging, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. 27700109 5 25 theme determined 913:922 arg1 limit 936:940 The experimentally determined miscibility limit 894:940 The experimentally determined miscibility limit of IDM with the polymers 894:965 The experimentally determined miscibility limit of IDM with the polymers was 50-60%, 20-30%, and 70-80% drug loading for HPMC, HPMCAS, and PVP, respectively. 27700109 5 25 theme determined 913:922 arg1 % 976:976 50-60% 971:976 50-60% 971:976 The experimentally determined miscibility limit of IDM with the polymers was 50-60%, 20-30%, and 70-80% drug loading for HPMC, HPMCAS, and PVP, respectively. 27700109 7 26 theme drug 1383:1386 arg1 loadings 1388:1395 drug loadings 1383:1395 drug loadings higher than 30% 1383:1411 For IDM-HPMCAS ASDs, samples with drug loading less than 30% remained amorphous, while samples with drug loadings higher than 30% crystallized within 10 days. 27700109 9 27 theme ASDs 1669:1672 arg1 characteristic 1674:1687 an important ASDs characteristic 1656:1687 an important ASDs characteristic 1656:1687 Thus, a good correlation was observed between phase separation and reduced physical stability, suggesting that miscibility is indeed an important ASDs characteristic. 27700109 9 27 theme ASDs 1669:1672 arg1 miscibility 1634:1644 miscibility 1634:1644 miscibility 1634:1644 Thus, a good correlation was observed between phase separation and reduced physical stability, suggesting that miscibility is indeed an important ASDs characteristic. 27700109 3 28 theme infrared 737:744 arg1 spectroscopy 751:762 infrared (IR) spectroscopy 737:762 infrared (IR) spectroscopy 737:762 The miscibility of the IDM-polymer systems was evaluated by fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence imaging, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. 27700109 6 29 theme % 1144:1144 arg1 loading 1121:1127 a drug loading 1114:1127 a drug loading of less than 50% 1114:1144 The X-ray results showed that for IDM-HPMC ASDs, samples with a drug loading of less than 50% were maintained in amorphous form during the study period, while samples with drug loadings higher than 50% crystallized within 15 days. 27700109 1 30 theme fluorescence-based 213:230 arg1 technique 232:240 a fluorescence-based technique 211:240 a fluorescence-based technique to evaluate drug-polymer miscibility and to probe the correlation between miscibility and physical stability of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) 211:387 The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using a fluorescence-based technique to evaluate drug-polymer miscibility and to probe the correlation between miscibility and physical stability of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). 27700109 1 31 theme physical 332:339 arg1 stability 341:349 physical stability 332:349 physical stability 332:349 The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using a fluorescence-based technique to evaluate drug-polymer miscibility and to probe the correlation between miscibility and physical stability of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). 27700109 9 32 theme good 1531:1534 arg1 correlation 1536:1546 a good correlation 1529:1546 a good correlation 1529:1546 Thus, a good correlation was observed between phase separation and reduced physical stability, suggesting that miscibility is indeed an important ASDs characteristic. 27700109 3 33 theme differential 692:703 arg1 DSC 727:729 DSC 727:729 DSC 727:729 The miscibility of the IDM-polymer systems was evaluated by fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence imaging, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. 27700109 3 33 theme differential 692:703 arg1 calorimetry 714:724 differential scanning calorimetry 692:724 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 692:730 The miscibility of the IDM-polymer systems was evaluated by fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence imaging, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. 27700109 2 34 theme acetate 488:494 arg1 methylcellulose 417:431 Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 390:431 Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (IDM-HPMC) 390:442 Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (IDM-HPMC), indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate, and indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone (IDM-PVP) were used as model systems. 27700109 2 34 theme acetate 488:494 arg1 succinate 496:504 indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate 445:504 indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate 445:504 Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (IDM-HPMC), indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate, and indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone (IDM-PVP) were used as model systems. 27700109 2 34 theme acetate 488:494 arg1 systems 574:580 model systems 568:580 model systems 568:580 Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (IDM-HPMC), indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate, and indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone (IDM-PVP) were used as model systems. 27700109 2 34 theme acetate 488:494 arg1 indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone 511:543 indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone 511:543 indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone (IDM-PVP) 511:553 Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (IDM-HPMC), indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate, and indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone (IDM-PVP) were used as model systems. 27700109 4 35 theme physical 769:776 arg1 stability 778:786 The physical stability 765:786 The physical stability of IDM-polymer ASDs stored at 40 °C 765:822 The physical stability of IDM-polymer ASDs stored at 40 °C was evaluated using fluorescence imaging and X-ray diffraction (XRD). 27700109 7 36 dep % 1411:1411 arg1 30 1409:1410 30 1409:1410 30 1409:1410 For IDM-HPMCAS ASDs, samples with drug loading less than 30% remained amorphous, while samples with drug loadings higher than 30% crystallized within 10 days. 27700109 6 37 with samples 1101:1107 arg1 loading 1121:1127 a drug loading 1114:1127 a drug loading of less than 50% 1114:1144 The X-ray results showed that for IDM-HPMC ASDs, samples with a drug loading of less than 50% were maintained in amorphous form during the study period, while samples with drug loadings higher than 50% crystallized within 15 days. 27700109 3 38 theme scanning 705:712 arg1 DSC 727:729 DSC 727:729 DSC 727:729 The miscibility of the IDM-polymer systems was evaluated by fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence imaging, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. 27700109 3 38 theme scanning 705:712 arg1 calorimetry 714:724 differential scanning calorimetry 692:724 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 692:730 The miscibility of the IDM-polymer systems was evaluated by fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence imaging, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. 27700109 2 39 theme methylcellulose 472:486 arg1 methylcellulose 417:431 Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 390:431 Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (IDM-HPMC) 390:442 Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (IDM-HPMC), indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate, and indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone (IDM-PVP) were used as model systems. 27700109 2 39 theme methylcellulose 472:486 arg1 succinate 496:504 indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate 445:504 indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate 445:504 Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (IDM-HPMC), indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate, and indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone (IDM-PVP) were used as model systems. 27700109 2 39 theme methylcellulose 472:486 arg1 systems 574:580 model systems 568:580 model systems 568:580 Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (IDM-HPMC), indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate, and indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone (IDM-PVP) were used as model systems. 27700109 2 39 theme methylcellulose 472:486 arg1 indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone 511:543 indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone 511:543 indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone (IDM-PVP) 511:553 Indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (IDM-HPMC), indomethacin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate, and indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone (IDM-PVP) were used as model systems. 27700109 9 40 theme important 1659:1667 arg1 characteristic 1674:1687 an important ASDs characteristic 1656:1687 an important ASDs characteristic 1656:1687 Thus, a good correlation was observed between phase separation and reduced physical stability, suggesting that miscibility is indeed an important ASDs characteristic. 27700109 9 40 theme important 1659:1667 arg1 miscibility 1634:1644 miscibility 1634:1644 miscibility 1634:1644 Thus, a good correlation was observed between phase separation and reduced physical stability, suggesting that miscibility is indeed an important ASDs characteristic. 27700109 4 41 theme ASDs 803:806 arg1 stability 778:786 The physical stability 765:786 The physical stability of IDM-polymer ASDs stored at 40 °C 765:822 The physical stability of IDM-polymer ASDs stored at 40 °C was evaluated using fluorescence imaging and X-ray diffraction (XRD). 27700109 0 42 theme Physical 54:61 arg1 Stability 63:71 Physical Stability 54:71 Physical Stability 54:71 Investigating the Correlation between Miscibility and Physical Stability of Amorphous Solid Dispersions Using Fluorescence-Based Techniques. 27700109 1 43 theme amorphous 354:362 arg1 ASDs 383:386 ASDs 383:386 ASDs 383:386 The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using a fluorescence-based technique to evaluate drug-polymer miscibility and to probe the correlation between miscibility and physical stability of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). 27700109 1 43 theme amorphous 354:362 arg1 dispersions 370:380 amorphous solid dispersions 354:380 amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) 354:387 The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using a fluorescence-based technique to evaluate drug-polymer miscibility and to probe the correlation between miscibility and physical stability of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). 27700109 7 44 with samples 1304:1310 arg1 loading 1322:1328 drug loading 1317:1328 drug loading less than 30% 1317:1342 For IDM-HPMCAS ASDs, samples with drug loading less than 30% remained amorphous, while samples with drug loadings higher than 30% crystallized within 10 days. 27700109 9 45 theme phase 1569:1573 arg1 separation 1575:1584 phase separation 1569:1584 phase separation 1569:1584 Thus, a good correlation was observed between phase separation and reduced physical stability, suggesting that miscibility is indeed an important ASDs characteristic. 27700109 4 46 theme IDM-polymer 791:801 arg1 ASDs 803:806 IDM-polymer ASDs 791:806 IDM-polymer ASDs stored at 40 °C 791:822 The physical stability of IDM-polymer ASDs stored at 40 °C was evaluated using fluorescence imaging and X-ray diffraction (XRD). 27700109 1 47 theme solid 364:368 arg1 ASDs 383:386 ASDs 383:386 ASDs 383:386 The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using a fluorescence-based technique to evaluate drug-polymer miscibility and to probe the correlation between miscibility and physical stability of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). 27700109 1 47 theme solid 364:368 arg1 dispersions 370:380 amorphous solid dispersions 354:380 amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) 354:387 The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using a fluorescence-based technique to evaluate drug-polymer miscibility and to probe the correlation between miscibility and physical stability of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). 27700109 1 48 dep technique 232:240 arg1 probe 286:290 probe 286:290 to probe the correlation between miscibility and physical stability of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) 283:387 The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using a fluorescence-based technique to evaluate drug-polymer miscibility and to probe the correlation between miscibility and physical stability of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). 27700109 1 48 dep technique 232:240 arg1 evaluate 245:252 evaluate 245:252 to evaluate drug-polymer miscibility 242:277 The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using a fluorescence-based technique to evaluate drug-polymer miscibility and to probe the correlation between miscibility and physical stability of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). 27700109 6 49 theme drug 1224:1227 arg1 loadings 1229:1236 drug loadings 1224:1236 drug loadings higher than 50% 1224:1252 The X-ray results showed that for IDM-HPMC ASDs, samples with a drug loading of less than 50% were maintained in amorphous form during the study period, while samples with drug loadings higher than 50% crystallized within 15 days. 27700109 6 50 with samples 1211:1217 arg1 loadings 1229:1236 drug loadings 1224:1236 drug loadings higher than 50% 1224:1252 The X-ray results showed that for IDM-HPMC ASDs, samples with a drug loading of less than 50% were maintained in amorphous form during the study period, while samples with drug loadings higher than 50% crystallized within 15 days. 27700109 5 51 theme drug 998:1001 arg1 loading 1003:1009 drug loading 998:1009 drug loading 998:1009 The experimentally determined miscibility limit of IDM with the polymers was 50-60%, 20-30%, and 70-80% drug loading for HPMC, HPMCAS, and PVP, respectively. 27700109 6 52 theme X-ray 1056:1060 arg1 results 1062:1068 The X-ray results 1052:1068 The X-ray results 1052:1068 The X-ray results showed that for IDM-HPMC ASDs, samples with a drug loading of less than 50% were maintained in amorphous form during the study period, while samples with drug loadings higher than 50% crystallized within 15 days. 27700109 7 53 dep % 1342:1342 arg1 30 1340:1341 30 1340:1341 30 1340:1341 For IDM-HPMCAS ASDs, samples with drug loading less than 30% remained amorphous, while samples with drug loadings higher than 30% crystallized within 10 days. 27700109 3 54 theme IR 747:748 arg1 spectroscopy 751:762 infrared (IR) spectroscopy 737:762 infrared (IR) spectroscopy 737:762 The miscibility of the IDM-polymer systems was evaluated by fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence imaging, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. 27700109 4 55 theme X-ray 869:873 arg1 diffraction 875:885 X-ray diffraction 869:885 X-ray diffraction 869:885 The physical stability of IDM-polymer ASDs stored at 40 °C was evaluated using fluorescence imaging and X-ray diffraction (XRD). 27700109 6 56 theme drug 1116:1119 arg1 loading 1121:1127 a drug loading 1114:1127 a drug loading of less than 50% 1114:1144 The X-ray results showed that for IDM-HPMC ASDs, samples with a drug loading of less than 50% were maintained in amorphous form during the study period, while samples with drug loadings higher than 50% crystallized within 15 days. 27700109 1 57 theme drug-polymer 254:265 arg1 miscibility 267:277 drug-polymer miscibility 254:277 drug-polymer miscibility 254:277 The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using a fluorescence-based technique to evaluate drug-polymer miscibility and to probe the correlation between miscibility and physical stability of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). 27700109 0 58 theme Amorphous 76:84 arg1 Dispersions 92:102 Amorphous Solid Dispersions 76:102 Amorphous Solid Dispersions Using Fluorescence-Based Techniques 76:138 Investigating the Correlation between Miscibility and Physical Stability of Amorphous Solid Dispersions Using Fluorescence-Based Techniques. 27700109 8 59 theme IDM-PVP 1442:1448 arg1 ASDs 1450:1453 IDM-PVP ASDs 1442:1453 IDM-PVP ASDs 1442:1453 IDM-PVP ASDs were found to be resistant to crystallization for all compositions. 27700109 9 60 theme reduced 1590:1596 arg1 stability 1607:1615 reduced physical stability 1590:1615 reduced physical stability 1590:1615 Thus, a good correlation was observed between phase separation and reduced physical stability, suggesting that miscibility is indeed an important ASDs characteristic. 27700109 7 61 theme IDM-HPMCAS 1287:1296 arg1 ASDs 1298:1301 IDM-HPMCAS ASDs 1287:1301 IDM-HPMCAS ASDs 1287:1301 For IDM-HPMCAS ASDs, samples with drug loading less than 30% remained amorphous, while samples with drug loadings higher than 30% crystallized within 10 days. 27700109 1 62 theme study 161:165 arg1 purpose 145:151 The purpose 141:151 The purpose of this study 141:165 The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using a fluorescence-based technique to evaluate drug-polymer miscibility and to probe the correlation between miscibility and physical stability of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). 27700109 1 63 theme dispersions 370:380 arg1 miscibility 316:326 miscibility 316:326 miscibility 316:326 The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using a fluorescence-based technique to evaluate drug-polymer miscibility and to probe the correlation between miscibility and physical stability of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). 27700109 1 63 theme dispersions 370:380 arg1 stability 341:349 physical stability 332:349 physical stability 332:349 The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using a fluorescence-based technique to evaluate drug-polymer miscibility and to probe the correlation between miscibility and physical stability of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). 27700109 6 64 theme study 1191:1195 arg1 period 1197:1202 the study period 1187:1202 the study period 1187:1202 The X-ray results showed that for IDM-HPMC ASDs, samples with a drug loading of less than 50% were maintained in amorphous form during the study period, while samples with drug loadings higher than 50% crystallized within 15 days. 27700109 3 65 theme IDM-polymer 606:616 arg1 systems 618:624 the IDM-polymer systems 602:624 the IDM-polymer systems 602:624 The miscibility of the IDM-polymer systems was evaluated by fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence imaging, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. 27700109 9 66 theme physical 1598:1605 arg1 stability 1607:1615 reduced physical stability 1590:1615 reduced physical stability 1590:1615 Thus, a good correlation was observed between phase separation and reduced physical stability, suggesting that miscibility is indeed an important ASDs characteristic. 28393916 7 0 from LeX 1205:1207 arg1 omega-1 1212:1218 omega-1 1212:1218 omega-1 1212:1218 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the introduction of native LeX motifs on plant-produced omega-1 confirmed that LeX on omega-1 contributes to the glycoprotein's Th2-inducing properties. 28393916 6 1 theme Lewis 994:998 arg1 LeX 1003:1005 LeX 1003:1005 LeX 1003:1005 Fine-tuning transient co-expression of specific glycosyltransferases in Nicotiana benthamiana enabled the synthesis of Lewis X (LeX) and LDN/LDN-F glycan motifs as found on natural omega-1 and kappa-5, respectively. 28393916 6 1 theme Lewis 994:998 arg1 X 1000:1000 Lewis X 994:1000 Lewis X (LeX) 994:1006 Fine-tuning transient co-expression of specific glycosyltransferases in Nicotiana benthamiana enabled the synthesis of Lewis X (LeX) and LDN/LDN-F glycan motifs as found on natural omega-1 and kappa-5, respectively. 28393916 8 2 theme complex 1318:1324 arg1 structures 1339:1348 the complex carbohydrate structures 1314:1348 the complex carbohydrate structures of helminths in plants 1314:1371 These data indicate that mimicking the complex carbohydrate structures of helminths in plants is a promising strategy to allow targeted evaluation of therapeutic glycoproteins for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. 28393916 2 3 theme mouse 201:205 arg1 studies 213:219 mouse model studies 201:219 mouse model studies 201:219 Clinical trials and mouse model studies have demonstrated the potential of helminth-derived glycoproteins for the treatment of immune-related diseases, like allergies and autoimmune diseases. 28393916 9 4 theme parasite 1627:1634 arg1 antigens 1649:1656 native parasite glycoprotein antigens 1620:1656 native parasite glycoprotein antigens 1620:1656 In addition, our results offer perspectives for the development of effective anti-helminthic vaccines by reconstructing native parasite glycoprotein antigens. 28393916 4 5 theme protein 489:495 arg1 systems 508:514 recombinant protein production systems 477:514 recombinant protein production systems 477:514 Moreover, recombinant protein production systems have thus far been unable to reconstitute helminth-like glycosylation essential for the functionality of some helminth glycoproteins. 28393916 5 6 theme helminth 746:753 arg1 glycoproteins 755:767 the helminth glycoproteins omega-1 and kappa-5 742:787 the helminth glycoproteins omega-1 and kappa-5 742:787 Here we exploited the flexibility of the N-glycosylation machinery of plants to reconstruct the helminth glycoproteins omega-1 and kappa-5, two major constituents of immunomodulatory Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens. 28393916 5 6 theme helminth 746:753 arg1 kappa-5 781:787 kappa-5 781:787 kappa-5 781:787 Here we exploited the flexibility of the N-glycosylation machinery of plants to reconstruct the helminth glycoproteins omega-1 and kappa-5, two major constituents of immunomodulatory Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens. 28393916 5 6 theme helminth 746:753 arg1 omega-1 769:775 omega-1 769:775 omega-1 769:775 Here we exploited the flexibility of the N-glycosylation machinery of plants to reconstruct the helminth glycoproteins omega-1 and kappa-5, two major constituents of immunomodulatory Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens. 28393916 5 6 theme helminth 746:753 arg1 constituents 800:811 two major constituents 790:811 two major constituents of immunomodulatory Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens 790:872 Here we exploited the flexibility of the N-glycosylation machinery of plants to reconstruct the helminth glycoproteins omega-1 and kappa-5, two major constituents of immunomodulatory Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens. 28393916 8 7 theme helminths 1353:1361 arg1 structures 1339:1348 the complex carbohydrate structures 1314:1348 the complex carbohydrate structures of helminths in plants 1314:1371 These data indicate that mimicking the complex carbohydrate structures of helminths in plants is a promising strategy to allow targeted evaluation of therapeutic glycoproteins for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. 28393916 7 8 from introduction 1130:1141 arg1 omega-1 1182:1188 plant-produced omega-1 1167:1188 plant-produced omega-1 1167:1188 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the introduction of native LeX motifs on plant-produced omega-1 confirmed that LeX on omega-1 contributes to the glycoprotein's Th2-inducing properties. 28393916 6 9 theme Nicotiana 947:955 arg1 benthamiana 957:967 Nicotiana benthamiana 947:967 Nicotiana benthamiana 947:967 Fine-tuning transient co-expression of specific glycosyltransferases in Nicotiana benthamiana enabled the synthesis of Lewis X (LeX) and LDN/LDN-F glycan motifs as found on natural omega-1 and kappa-5, respectively. 28393916 8 10 theme therapeutic 1429:1439 arg1 glycoproteins 1441:1453 therapeutic glycoproteins 1429:1453 therapeutic glycoproteins 1429:1453 These data indicate that mimicking the complex carbohydrate structures of helminths in plants is a promising strategy to allow targeted evaluation of therapeutic glycoproteins for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. 28393916 5 11 theme mansoni 845:851 arg1 antigens 865:872 immunomodulatory Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens 816:872 immunomodulatory Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens 816:872 Here we exploited the flexibility of the N-glycosylation machinery of plants to reconstruct the helminth glycoproteins omega-1 and kappa-5, two major constituents of immunomodulatory Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens. 28393916 9 12 gly glycoprotein 1636:1647 arg1 glycoprotein 1636:1647 native parasite glycoprotein antigens 1620:1656 native parasite glycoprotein antigens 1620:1656 In addition, our results offer perspectives for the development of effective anti-helminthic vaccines by reconstructing native parasite glycoprotein antigens. 28393916 5 13 theme egg 861:863 arg1 antigens 865:872 immunomodulatory Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens 816:872 immunomodulatory Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens 816:872 Here we exploited the flexibility of the N-glycosylation machinery of plants to reconstruct the helminth glycoproteins omega-1 and kappa-5, two major constituents of immunomodulatory Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens. 28393916 7 14 theme motifs 1157:1162 arg1 introduction 1130:1141 the introduction 1126:1141 the introduction of native LeX motifs on plant-produced omega-1 1126:1188 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the introduction of native LeX motifs on plant-produced omega-1 confirmed that LeX on omega-1 contributes to the glycoprotein's Th2-inducing properties. 28393916 2 15 theme glycoproteins 273:285 arg1 potential 243:251 the potential 239:251 the potential of helminth-derived glycoproteins for the treatment of immune-related diseases, like allergies and autoimmune diseases 239:370 Clinical trials and mouse model studies have demonstrated the potential of helminth-derived glycoproteins for the treatment of immune-related diseases, like allergies and autoimmune diseases. 28393916 7 16 theme native 1146:1151 arg1 motifs 1157:1162 native LeX motifs 1146:1162 native LeX motifs 1146:1162 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the introduction of native LeX motifs on plant-produced omega-1 confirmed that LeX on omega-1 contributes to the glycoprotein's Th2-inducing properties. 28393916 1 17 theme immunomodulatory 149:164 arg1 glycoproteins 166:178 immunomodulatory glycoproteins 149:178 immunomodulatory glycoproteins 149:178 Helminth parasites control host-immune responses by secreting immunomodulatory glycoproteins. 28393916 8 18 theme inflammatory 1476:1487 arg1 disorders 1489:1497 inflammatory disorders 1476:1497 inflammatory disorders 1476:1497 These data indicate that mimicking the complex carbohydrate structures of helminths in plants is a promising strategy to allow targeted evaluation of therapeutic glycoproteins for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. 28393916 7 19 dep in 1104:1105 arg1 vivo 1107:1110 vivo 1107:1110 vivo 1107:1110 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the introduction of native LeX motifs on plant-produced omega-1 confirmed that LeX on omega-1 contributes to the glycoprotein's Th2-inducing properties. 28393916 5 20 theme immunomodulatory 816:831 arg1 antigens 865:872 immunomodulatory Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens 816:872 immunomodulatory Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens 816:872 Here we exploited the flexibility of the N-glycosylation machinery of plants to reconstruct the helminth glycoproteins omega-1 and kappa-5, two major constituents of immunomodulatory Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens. 28393916 8 21 gly glycoproteins 1441:1453 arg1 glycoproteins 1441:1453 therapeutic glycoproteins 1429:1453 therapeutic glycoproteins 1429:1453 These data indicate that mimicking the complex carbohydrate structures of helminths in plants is a promising strategy to allow targeted evaluation of therapeutic glycoproteins for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. 28393916 2 22 theme diseases 323:330 arg1 treatment 295:303 the treatment 291:303 the treatment of immune-related diseases, like allergies and autoimmune diseases 291:370 Clinical trials and mouse model studies have demonstrated the potential of helminth-derived glycoproteins for the treatment of immune-related diseases, like allergies and autoimmune diseases. 28393916 7 23 theme introduction 1130:1141 arg1 evaluation 1112:1121 In vitro and in vivo evaluation 1091:1121 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the introduction of native LeX motifs on plant-produced omega-1 1091:1188 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the introduction of native LeX motifs on plant-produced omega-1 confirmed that LeX on omega-1 contributes to the glycoprotein's Th2-inducing properties. 28393916 0 24 from glyco-engineering 15:31 arg1 plants 79:84 plants 79:84 plants 79:84 Production and glyco-engineering of immunomodulatory helminth glycoproteins in plants. 28393916 0 25 from Production 0:9 arg1 plants 79:84 plants 79:84 plants 79:84 Production and glyco-engineering of immunomodulatory helminth glycoproteins in plants. 28393916 3 26 theme limited 409:415 arg1 availability 417:428 the limited availability 405:428 the limited availability of native parasite-derived proteins 405:464 Studies are however hampered by the limited availability of native parasite-derived proteins. 28393916 4 27 theme helminth-like 558:570 arg1 glycosylation 572:584 helminth-like glycosylation 558:584 helminth-like glycosylation essential for the functionality of some helminth glycoproteins 558:647 Moreover, recombinant protein production systems have thus far been unable to reconstitute helminth-like glycosylation essential for the functionality of some helminth glycoproteins. 28393916 7 28 theme In 1091:1092 arg1 evaluation 1112:1121 In vitro and in vivo evaluation 1091:1121 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the introduction of native LeX motifs on plant-produced omega-1 1091:1188 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the introduction of native LeX motifs on plant-produced omega-1 confirmed that LeX on omega-1 contributes to the glycoprotein's Th2-inducing properties. 28393916 4 29 theme essential 586:594 arg1 glycosylation 572:584 helminth-like glycosylation 558:584 helminth-like glycosylation essential for the functionality of some helminth glycoproteins 558:647 Moreover, recombinant protein production systems have thus far been unable to reconstitute helminth-like glycosylation essential for the functionality of some helminth glycoproteins. 28393916 5 30 theme N-glycosylation 691:705 arg1 machinery 707:715 the N-glycosylation machinery 687:715 the N-glycosylation machinery of plants 687:725 Here we exploited the flexibility of the N-glycosylation machinery of plants to reconstruct the helminth glycoproteins omega-1 and kappa-5, two major constituents of immunomodulatory Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens. 28393916 1 31 theme host-immune 114:124 arg1 responses 126:134 host-immune responses 114:134 host-immune responses 114:134 Helminth parasites control host-immune responses by secreting immunomodulatory glycoproteins. 28393916 3 32 theme parasite-derived 440:455 arg1 proteins 457:464 native parasite-derived proteins 433:464 native parasite-derived proteins 433:464 Studies are however hampered by the limited availability of native parasite-derived proteins. 28393916 6 33 theme motifs 1029:1034 arg1 synthesis 981:989 the synthesis 977:989 the synthesis of Lewis X (LeX) and LDN/LDN-F glycan motifs 977:1034 Fine-tuning transient co-expression of specific glycosyltransferases in Nicotiana benthamiana enabled the synthesis of Lewis X (LeX) and LDN/LDN-F glycan motifs as found on natural omega-1 and kappa-5, respectively. 28393916 5 34 dep glycoproteins 755:767 arg1 glycoproteins 755:767 the helminth glycoproteins omega-1 and kappa-5 742:787 the helminth glycoproteins omega-1 and kappa-5 742:787 Here we exploited the flexibility of the N-glycosylation machinery of plants to reconstruct the helminth glycoproteins omega-1 and kappa-5, two major constituents of immunomodulatory Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens. 28393916 5 34 dep glycoproteins 755:767 arg1 kappa-5 781:787 kappa-5 781:787 kappa-5 781:787 Here we exploited the flexibility of the N-glycosylation machinery of plants to reconstruct the helminth glycoproteins omega-1 and kappa-5, two major constituents of immunomodulatory Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens. 28393916 5 34 dep glycoproteins 755:767 arg1 omega-1 769:775 omega-1 769:775 omega-1 769:775 Here we exploited the flexibility of the N-glycosylation machinery of plants to reconstruct the helminth glycoproteins omega-1 and kappa-5, two major constituents of immunomodulatory Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens. 28393916 2 35 link helminth-derived 256:271 arg1 glycoproteins 273:285 helminth-derived glycoproteins 256:285 helminth-derived glycoproteins 256:285 Clinical trials and mouse model studies have demonstrated the potential of helminth-derived glycoproteins for the treatment of immune-related diseases, like allergies and autoimmune diseases. 28393916 0 36 theme immunomodulatory 36:51 arg1 glycoproteins 62:74 immunomodulatory helminth glycoproteins 36:74 immunomodulatory helminth glycoproteins 36:74 Production and glyco-engineering of immunomodulatory helminth glycoproteins in plants. 28393916 6 37 theme LDN/LDN-F 1012:1020 arg1 motifs 1029:1034 LDN/LDN-F glycan motifs 1012:1034 LDN/LDN-F glycan motifs 1012:1034 Fine-tuning transient co-expression of specific glycosyltransferases in Nicotiana benthamiana enabled the synthesis of Lewis X (LeX) and LDN/LDN-F glycan motifs as found on natural omega-1 and kappa-5, respectively. 28393916 4 38 theme helminth 626:633 arg1 glycoproteins 635:647 some helminth glycoproteins 621:647 some helminth glycoproteins 621:647 Moreover, recombinant protein production systems have thus far been unable to reconstitute helminth-like glycosylation essential for the functionality of some helminth glycoproteins. 28393916 2 39 theme model 207:211 arg1 studies 213:219 mouse model studies 201:219 mouse model studies 201:219 Clinical trials and mouse model studies have demonstrated the potential of helminth-derived glycoproteins for the treatment of immune-related diseases, like allergies and autoimmune diseases. 28393916 6 40 theme specific 914:921 arg1 glycosyltransferases 923:942 specific glycosyltransferases 914:942 specific glycosyltransferases 914:942 Fine-tuning transient co-expression of specific glycosyltransferases in Nicotiana benthamiana enabled the synthesis of Lewis X (LeX) and LDN/LDN-F glycan motifs as found on natural omega-1 and kappa-5, respectively. 28393916 0 41 theme glycoproteins 62:74 arg1 glyco-engineering 15:31 glyco-engineering 15:31 glyco-engineering 15:31 Production and glyco-engineering of immunomodulatory helminth glycoproteins in plants. 28393916 0 41 theme glycoproteins 62:74 arg1 Production 0:9 Production 0:9 Production 0:9 Production and glyco-engineering of immunomodulatory helminth glycoproteins in plants. 28393916 8 42 from structures 1339:1348 arg1 plants 1366:1371 plants 1366:1371 plants 1366:1371 These data indicate that mimicking the complex carbohydrate structures of helminths in plants is a promising strategy to allow targeted evaluation of therapeutic glycoproteins for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. 28393916 6 43 from co-expression 897:909 arg1 benthamiana 957:967 Nicotiana benthamiana 947:967 Nicotiana benthamiana 947:967 Fine-tuning transient co-expression of specific glycosyltransferases in Nicotiana benthamiana enabled the synthesis of Lewis X (LeX) and LDN/LDN-F glycan motifs as found on natural omega-1 and kappa-5, respectively. 28393916 7 44 from omega-1 1182:1188 arg1 evaluation 1112:1121 In vitro and in vivo evaluation 1091:1121 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the introduction of native LeX motifs on plant-produced omega-1 1091:1188 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the introduction of native LeX motifs on plant-produced omega-1 confirmed that LeX on omega-1 contributes to the glycoprotein's Th2-inducing properties. 28393916 6 45 theme Fine-tuning 875:885 arg1 co-expression 897:909 Fine-tuning transient co-expression 875:909 Fine-tuning transient co-expression of specific glycosyltransferases in Nicotiana benthamiana 875:967 Fine-tuning transient co-expression of specific glycosyltransferases in Nicotiana benthamiana enabled the synthesis of Lewis X (LeX) and LDN/LDN-F glycan motifs as found on natural omega-1 and kappa-5, respectively. 28393916 9 46 theme anti-helminthic 1577:1591 arg1 vaccines 1593:1600 effective anti-helminthic vaccines 1567:1600 effective anti-helminthic vaccines 1567:1600 In addition, our results offer perspectives for the development of effective anti-helminthic vaccines by reconstructing native parasite glycoprotein antigens. 28393916 8 47 from plants 1366:1371 arg1 structures 1339:1348 the complex carbohydrate structures 1314:1348 the complex carbohydrate structures of helminths in plants 1314:1371 These data indicate that mimicking the complex carbohydrate structures of helminths in plants is a promising strategy to allow targeted evaluation of therapeutic glycoproteins for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. 28393916 8 48 from helminths 1353:1361 arg1 plants 1366:1371 plants 1366:1371 plants 1366:1371 These data indicate that mimicking the complex carbohydrate structures of helminths in plants is a promising strategy to allow targeted evaluation of therapeutic glycoproteins for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. 28393916 4 49 theme recombinant 477:487 arg1 systems 508:514 recombinant protein production systems 477:514 recombinant protein production systems 477:514 Moreover, recombinant protein production systems have thus far been unable to reconstitute helminth-like glycosylation essential for the functionality of some helminth glycoproteins. 28393916 7 50 theme Th2-inducing 1254:1265 arg1 properties 1267:1276 the glycoprotein's Th2-inducing properties 1235:1276 the glycoprotein's Th2-inducing properties 1235:1276 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the introduction of native LeX motifs on plant-produced omega-1 confirmed that LeX on omega-1 contributes to the glycoprotein's Th2-inducing properties. 28393916 2 51 theme autoimmune 352:361 arg1 diseases 363:370 autoimmune diseases 352:370 autoimmune diseases 352:370 Clinical trials and mouse model studies have demonstrated the potential of helminth-derived glycoproteins for the treatment of immune-related diseases, like allergies and autoimmune diseases. 28393916 9 52 theme native 1620:1625 arg1 antigens 1649:1656 native parasite glycoprotein antigens 1620:1656 native parasite glycoprotein antigens 1620:1656 In addition, our results offer perspectives for the development of effective anti-helminthic vaccines by reconstructing native parasite glycoprotein antigens. 28393916 6 53 theme natural 1048:1054 arg1 omega-1 1056:1062 natural omega-1 1048:1062 natural omega-1 1048:1062 Fine-tuning transient co-expression of specific glycosyltransferases in Nicotiana benthamiana enabled the synthesis of Lewis X (LeX) and LDN/LDN-F glycan motifs as found on natural omega-1 and kappa-5, respectively. 28393916 4 54 theme production 497:506 arg1 systems 508:514 recombinant protein production systems 477:514 recombinant protein production systems 477:514 Moreover, recombinant protein production systems have thus far been unable to reconstitute helminth-like glycosylation essential for the functionality of some helminth glycoproteins. 28393916 9 55 theme glycoprotein 1636:1647 arg1 antigens 1649:1656 native parasite glycoprotein antigens 1620:1656 native parasite glycoprotein antigens 1620:1656 In addition, our results offer perspectives for the development of effective anti-helminthic vaccines by reconstructing native parasite glycoprotein antigens. 28393916 8 56 theme carbohydrate 1326:1337 arg1 structures 1339:1348 the complex carbohydrate structures 1314:1348 the complex carbohydrate structures of helminths in plants 1314:1371 These data indicate that mimicking the complex carbohydrate structures of helminths in plants is a promising strategy to allow targeted evaluation of therapeutic glycoproteins for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. 28393916 7 57 gly glycoprotein 1239:1250 arg1 glycoprotein 1239:1250 the glycoprotein's Th2-inducing properties 1235:1276 the glycoprotein's Th2-inducing properties 1235:1276 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the introduction of native LeX motifs on plant-produced omega-1 confirmed that LeX on omega-1 contributes to the glycoprotein's Th2-inducing properties. 28393916 2 58 theme Clinical 181:188 arg1 trials 190:195 Clinical trials 181:195 Clinical trials 181:195 Clinical trials and mouse model studies have demonstrated the potential of helminth-derived glycoproteins for the treatment of immune-related diseases, like allergies and autoimmune diseases. 28393916 8 59 theme targeted 1406:1413 arg1 evaluation 1415:1424 targeted evaluation 1406:1424 targeted evaluation of therapeutic glycoproteins 1406:1453 These data indicate that mimicking the complex carbohydrate structures of helminths in plants is a promising strategy to allow targeted evaluation of therapeutic glycoproteins for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. 28393916 5 60 theme Schistosoma 833:843 arg1 antigens 865:872 immunomodulatory Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens 816:872 immunomodulatory Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens 816:872 Here we exploited the flexibility of the N-glycosylation machinery of plants to reconstruct the helminth glycoproteins omega-1 and kappa-5, two major constituents of immunomodulatory Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens. 28393916 5 61 theme soluble 853:859 arg1 antigens 865:872 immunomodulatory Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens 816:872 immunomodulatory Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens 816:872 Here we exploited the flexibility of the N-glycosylation machinery of plants to reconstruct the helminth glycoproteins omega-1 and kappa-5, two major constituents of immunomodulatory Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens. 28393916 5 62 gly glycoproteins 755:767 arg1 glycoproteins 755:767 the helminth glycoproteins omega-1 and kappa-5 742:787 the helminth glycoproteins omega-1 and kappa-5 742:787 Here we exploited the flexibility of the N-glycosylation machinery of plants to reconstruct the helminth glycoproteins omega-1 and kappa-5, two major constituents of immunomodulatory Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens. 28393916 5 62 gly glycoproteins 755:767 arg1 kappa-5 781:787 kappa-5 781:787 kappa-5 781:787 Here we exploited the flexibility of the N-glycosylation machinery of plants to reconstruct the helminth glycoproteins omega-1 and kappa-5, two major constituents of immunomodulatory Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens. 28393916 5 62 gly glycoproteins 755:767 arg1 omega-1 769:775 omega-1 769:775 omega-1 769:775 Here we exploited the flexibility of the N-glycosylation machinery of plants to reconstruct the helminth glycoproteins omega-1 and kappa-5, two major constituents of immunomodulatory Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens. 28393916 5 62 gly glycoproteins 755:767 arg1 constituents 800:811 two major constituents 790:811 two major constituents of immunomodulatory Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens 790:872 Here we exploited the flexibility of the N-glycosylation machinery of plants to reconstruct the helminth glycoproteins omega-1 and kappa-5, two major constituents of immunomodulatory Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens. 28393916 2 63 gly glycoproteins 273:285 arg1 glycoproteins 273:285 helminth-derived glycoproteins 256:285 helminth-derived glycoproteins 256:285 Clinical trials and mouse model studies have demonstrated the potential of helminth-derived glycoproteins for the treatment of immune-related diseases, like allergies and autoimmune diseases. 28393916 5 64 theme major 794:798 arg1 glycoproteins 755:767 the helminth glycoproteins omega-1 and kappa-5 742:787 the helminth glycoproteins omega-1 and kappa-5 742:787 Here we exploited the flexibility of the N-glycosylation machinery of plants to reconstruct the helminth glycoproteins omega-1 and kappa-5, two major constituents of immunomodulatory Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens. 28393916 5 64 theme major 794:798 arg1 constituents 800:811 two major constituents 790:811 two major constituents of immunomodulatory Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens 790:872 Here we exploited the flexibility of the N-glycosylation machinery of plants to reconstruct the helminth glycoproteins omega-1 and kappa-5, two major constituents of immunomodulatory Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens. 28393916 8 65 theme promising 1378:1386 arg1 strategy 1388:1395 a promising strategy 1376:1395 a promising strategy to allow targeted evaluation of therapeutic glycoproteins for the treatment of inflammatory disorders 1376:1497 These data indicate that mimicking the complex carbohydrate structures of helminths in plants is a promising strategy to allow targeted evaluation of therapeutic glycoproteins for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. 28393916 7 66 theme plant-produced 1167:1180 arg1 omega-1 1182:1188 plant-produced omega-1 1167:1188 plant-produced omega-1 1167:1188 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the introduction of native LeX motifs on plant-produced omega-1 confirmed that LeX on omega-1 contributes to the glycoprotein's Th2-inducing properties. 28393916 3 67 link parasite-derived 440:455 arg1 proteins 457:464 native parasite-derived proteins 433:464 native parasite-derived proteins 433:464 Studies are however hampered by the limited availability of native parasite-derived proteins. 28393916 7 68 theme LeX 1153:1155 arg1 motifs 1157:1162 native LeX motifs 1146:1162 native LeX motifs 1146:1162 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the introduction of native LeX motifs on plant-produced omega-1 confirmed that LeX on omega-1 contributes to the glycoprotein's Th2-inducing properties. 28393916 2 69 theme immune-related 308:321 arg1 diseases 323:330 immune-related diseases 308:330 immune-related diseases 308:330 Clinical trials and mouse model studies have demonstrated the potential of helminth-derived glycoproteins for the treatment of immune-related diseases, like allergies and autoimmune diseases. 28393916 4 70 gly glycoproteins 635:647 arg1 glycoproteins 635:647 some helminth glycoproteins 621:647 some helminth glycoproteins 621:647 Moreover, recombinant protein production systems have thus far been unable to reconstitute helminth-like glycosylation essential for the functionality of some helminth glycoproteins. 28393916 8 71 theme disorders 1489:1497 arg1 treatment 1463:1471 the treatment 1459:1471 the treatment of inflammatory disorders 1459:1497 These data indicate that mimicking the complex carbohydrate structures of helminths in plants is a promising strategy to allow targeted evaluation of therapeutic glycoproteins for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. 28393916 7 72 from evaluation 1112:1121 arg1 omega-1 1182:1188 plant-produced omega-1 1167:1188 plant-produced omega-1 1167:1188 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the introduction of native LeX motifs on plant-produced omega-1 confirmed that LeX on omega-1 contributes to the glycoprotein's Th2-inducing properties. 28393916 7 73 dep In 1091:1092 arg1 vitro 1094:1098 vitro 1094:1098 vitro 1094:1098 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the introduction of native LeX motifs on plant-produced omega-1 confirmed that LeX on omega-1 contributes to the glycoprotein's Th2-inducing properties. 28393916 5 74 theme antigens 865:872 arg1 glycoproteins 755:767 the helminth glycoproteins omega-1 and kappa-5 742:787 the helminth glycoproteins omega-1 and kappa-5 742:787 Here we exploited the flexibility of the N-glycosylation machinery of plants to reconstruct the helminth glycoproteins omega-1 and kappa-5, two major constituents of immunomodulatory Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens. 28393916 5 74 theme antigens 865:872 arg1 constituents 800:811 two major constituents 790:811 two major constituents of immunomodulatory Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens 790:872 Here we exploited the flexibility of the N-glycosylation machinery of plants to reconstruct the helminth glycoproteins omega-1 and kappa-5, two major constituents of immunomodulatory Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens. 28393916 5 75 theme plants 720:725 arg1 machinery 707:715 the N-glycosylation machinery 687:715 the N-glycosylation machinery of plants 687:725 Here we exploited the flexibility of the N-glycosylation machinery of plants to reconstruct the helminth glycoproteins omega-1 and kappa-5, two major constituents of immunomodulatory Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens. 28393916 3 76 theme native 433:438 arg1 proteins 457:464 native parasite-derived proteins 433:464 native parasite-derived proteins 433:464 Studies are however hampered by the limited availability of native parasite-derived proteins. 28393916 7 77 theme in 1104:1105 arg1 evaluation 1112:1121 In vitro and in vivo evaluation 1091:1121 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the introduction of native LeX motifs on plant-produced omega-1 1091:1188 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the introduction of native LeX motifs on plant-produced omega-1 confirmed that LeX on omega-1 contributes to the glycoprotein's Th2-inducing properties. 28393916 1 78 theme Helminth 87:94 arg1 parasites 96:104 Helminth parasites 87:104 Helminth parasites 87:104 Helminth parasites control host-immune responses by secreting immunomodulatory glycoproteins. 28393916 6 79 theme X 1000:1000 arg1 synthesis 981:989 the synthesis 977:989 the synthesis of Lewis X (LeX) and LDN/LDN-F glycan motifs 977:1034 Fine-tuning transient co-expression of specific glycosyltransferases in Nicotiana benthamiana enabled the synthesis of Lewis X (LeX) and LDN/LDN-F glycan motifs as found on natural omega-1 and kappa-5, respectively. 28393916 5 80 theme machinery 707:715 arg1 flexibility 672:682 the flexibility 668:682 the flexibility of the N-glycosylation machinery of plants 668:725 Here we exploited the flexibility of the N-glycosylation machinery of plants to reconstruct the helminth glycoproteins omega-1 and kappa-5, two major constituents of immunomodulatory Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens. 28393916 3 81 theme proteins 457:464 arg1 availability 417:428 the limited availability 405:428 the limited availability of native parasite-derived proteins 405:464 Studies are however hampered by the limited availability of native parasite-derived proteins. 28393916 0 82 theme helminth 53:60 arg1 glycoproteins 62:74 immunomodulatory helminth glycoproteins 36:74 immunomodulatory helminth glycoproteins 36:74 Production and glyco-engineering of immunomodulatory helminth glycoproteins in plants. 28393916 6 83 theme glycan 1022:1027 arg1 motifs 1029:1034 LDN/LDN-F glycan motifs 1012:1034 LDN/LDN-F glycan motifs 1012:1034 Fine-tuning transient co-expression of specific glycosyltransferases in Nicotiana benthamiana enabled the synthesis of Lewis X (LeX) and LDN/LDN-F glycan motifs as found on natural omega-1 and kappa-5, respectively. 28393916 4 84 theme glycoproteins 635:647 arg1 functionality 604:616 the functionality 600:616 the functionality of some helminth glycoproteins 600:647 Moreover, recombinant protein production systems have thus far been unable to reconstitute helminth-like glycosylation essential for the functionality of some helminth glycoproteins. 28393916 6 85 theme glycosyltransferases 923:942 arg1 co-expression 897:909 Fine-tuning transient co-expression 875:909 Fine-tuning transient co-expression of specific glycosyltransferases in Nicotiana benthamiana 875:967 Fine-tuning transient co-expression of specific glycosyltransferases in Nicotiana benthamiana enabled the synthesis of Lewis X (LeX) and LDN/LDN-F glycan motifs as found on natural omega-1 and kappa-5, respectively. 28393916 1 86 gly glycoproteins 166:178 arg1 glycoproteins 166:178 immunomodulatory glycoproteins 149:178 immunomodulatory glycoproteins 149:178 Helminth parasites control host-immune responses by secreting immunomodulatory glycoproteins. 28393916 2 87 theme helminth-derived 256:271 arg1 glycoproteins 273:285 helminth-derived glycoproteins 256:285 helminth-derived glycoproteins 256:285 Clinical trials and mouse model studies have demonstrated the potential of helminth-derived glycoproteins for the treatment of immune-related diseases, like allergies and autoimmune diseases. 28393916 6 88 theme transient 887:895 arg1 co-expression 897:909 Fine-tuning transient co-expression 875:909 Fine-tuning transient co-expression of specific glycosyltransferases in Nicotiana benthamiana 875:967 Fine-tuning transient co-expression of specific glycosyltransferases in Nicotiana benthamiana enabled the synthesis of Lewis X (LeX) and LDN/LDN-F glycan motifs as found on natural omega-1 and kappa-5, respectively. 28393916 9 89 theme effective 1567:1575 arg1 vaccines 1593:1600 effective anti-helminthic vaccines 1567:1600 effective anti-helminthic vaccines 1567:1600 In addition, our results offer perspectives for the development of effective anti-helminthic vaccines by reconstructing native parasite glycoprotein antigens. 28393916 8 90 theme glycoproteins 1441:1453 arg1 evaluation 1415:1424 targeted evaluation 1406:1424 targeted evaluation of therapeutic glycoproteins 1406:1453 These data indicate that mimicking the complex carbohydrate structures of helminths in plants is a promising strategy to allow targeted evaluation of therapeutic glycoproteins for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. 28393916 0 91 gly glycoproteins 62:74 arg1 glycoproteins 62:74 immunomodulatory helminth glycoproteins 36:74 immunomodulatory helminth glycoproteins 36:74 Production and glyco-engineering of immunomodulatory helminth glycoproteins in plants. 28393916 9 92 theme vaccines 1593:1600 arg1 development 1552:1562 the development 1548:1562 the development of effective anti-helminthic vaccines 1548:1600 In addition, our results offer perspectives for the development of effective anti-helminthic vaccines by reconstructing native parasite glycoprotein antigens. 27612685 4 0 with evaluation 758:767 arg1 fibroblasts 789:799 human foreskin fibroblasts 774:799 human foreskin fibroblasts (FBs) 774:805 The water resistance of the PLA-g-MA/CS composites was greater than that of the PLA/CS composites; cytocompatibility evaluation with human foreskin fibroblasts (FBs) indicated that both materials were nontoxic. 27612685 4 0 with evaluation 758:767 arg1 FBs 802:804 FBs 802:804 FBs 802:804 The water resistance of the PLA-g-MA/CS composites was greater than that of the PLA/CS composites; cytocompatibility evaluation with human foreskin fibroblasts (FBs) indicated that both materials were nontoxic. 27612685 4 1 theme PLA/CS 721:726 arg1 composites 728:737 the PLA/CS composites 717:737 the PLA/CS composites 717:737 The water resistance of the PLA-g-MA/CS composites was greater than that of the PLA/CS composites; cytocompatibility evaluation with human foreskin fibroblasts (FBs) indicated that both materials were nontoxic. 27612685 4 2 theme foreskin 780:787 arg1 fibroblasts 789:799 human foreskin fibroblasts 774:799 human foreskin fibroblasts (FBs) 774:805 The water resistance of the PLA-g-MA/CS composites was greater than that of the PLA/CS composites; cytocompatibility evaluation with human foreskin fibroblasts (FBs) indicated that both materials were nontoxic. 27612685 4 2 theme foreskin 780:787 arg1 FBs 802:804 FBs 802:804 FBs 802:804 The water resistance of the PLA-g-MA/CS composites was greater than that of the PLA/CS composites; cytocompatibility evaluation with human foreskin fibroblasts (FBs) indicated that both materials were nontoxic. 27612685 0 3 theme polysaccharide 114:127 arg1 composites 129:138 chitosan-based polysaccharide composites 99:138 chitosan-based polysaccharide composites 99:138 Modulation, functionality, and cytocompatibility of three-dimensional printing materials made from chitosan-based polysaccharide composites. 27612685 0 4 theme chitosan-based 99:112 arg1 composites 129:138 chitosan-based polysaccharide composites 99:138 chitosan-based polysaccharide composites 99:138 Modulation, functionality, and cytocompatibility of three-dimensional printing materials made from chitosan-based polysaccharide composites. 27612685 3 5 theme mechanical 499:508 arg1 properties 510:519 better mechanical properties 492:519 better mechanical properties 492:519 The PLA-g-MA/CS materials exhibited better mechanical properties than the PLA/CS composites; this effect was attributed to a greater compatibility between the grafted polyester and CS. 27612685 1 6 theme three-dimensional 206:222 arg1 strips 238:243 three-dimensional (3D) printing strips 206:243 three-dimensional (3D) printing strips of composite materials containing polylactide (PLA) and chitosan (CS) 206:313 The mechanical properties, cytocompatibility, and fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) printing strips of composite materials containing polylactide (PLA) and chitosan (CS) were evaluated. 27612685 2 7 theme Maleic 331:336 arg1 PLA-g-MA 369:376 PLA-g-MA 369:376 PLA-g-MA 369:376 Maleic anhydride-grafted polylactide (PLA-g-MA) and CS were used to enhance the desired characteristics of these composites. 27612685 2 7 theme Maleic 331:336 arg1 polylactide 356:366 Maleic anhydride-grafted polylactide 331:366 Maleic anhydride-grafted polylactide (PLA-g-MA) 331:377 Maleic anhydride-grafted polylactide (PLA-g-MA) and CS were used to enhance the desired characteristics of these composites. 27612685 5 8 theme PLA-g-MA 915:922 arg1 properties 901:910 the antibacterial activity properties 874:910 the antibacterial activity properties of PLA-g-MA and PLA/CS composites 874:944 Moreover, CS enhanced the antibacterial activity properties of PLA-g-MA and PLA/CS composites. 27612685 4 9 theme human 774:778 arg1 fibroblasts 789:799 human foreskin fibroblasts 774:799 human foreskin fibroblasts (FBs) 774:805 The water resistance of the PLA-g-MA/CS composites was greater than that of the PLA/CS composites; cytocompatibility evaluation with human foreskin fibroblasts (FBs) indicated that both materials were nontoxic. 27612685 4 9 theme human 774:778 arg1 FBs 802:804 FBs 802:804 FBs 802:804 The water resistance of the PLA-g-MA/CS composites was greater than that of the PLA/CS composites; cytocompatibility evaluation with human foreskin fibroblasts (FBs) indicated that both materials were nontoxic. 27612685 5 10 theme antibacterial 878:890 arg1 properties 901:910 the antibacterial activity properties 874:910 the antibacterial activity properties of PLA-g-MA and PLA/CS composites 874:944 Moreover, CS enhanced the antibacterial activity properties of PLA-g-MA and PLA/CS composites. 27612685 3 11 theme greater 581:587 arg1 compatibility 589:601 a greater compatibility 579:601 a greater compatibility between the grafted polyester and CS 579:638 The PLA-g-MA/CS materials exhibited better mechanical properties than the PLA/CS composites; this effect was attributed to a greater compatibility between the grafted polyester and CS. 27612685 3 12 theme better 492:497 arg1 properties 510:519 better mechanical properties 492:519 better mechanical properties 492:519 The PLA-g-MA/CS materials exhibited better mechanical properties than the PLA/CS composites; this effect was attributed to a greater compatibility between the grafted polyester and CS. 27612685 2 13 theme composites 444:453 arg1 characteristics 419:433 the desired characteristics 407:433 the desired characteristics of these composites 407:453 Maleic anhydride-grafted polylactide (PLA-g-MA) and CS were used to enhance the desired characteristics of these composites. 27612685 1 14 theme printing 229:236 arg1 strips 238:243 three-dimensional (3D) printing strips 206:243 three-dimensional (3D) printing strips of composite materials containing polylactide (PLA) and chitosan (CS) 206:313 The mechanical properties, cytocompatibility, and fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) printing strips of composite materials containing polylactide (PLA) and chitosan (CS) were evaluated. 27612685 3 15 theme PLA/CS 530:535 arg1 composites 537:546 the PLA/CS composites 526:546 the PLA/CS composites 526:546 The PLA-g-MA/CS materials exhibited better mechanical properties than the PLA/CS composites; this effect was attributed to a greater compatibility between the grafted polyester and CS. 27612685 4 16 theme composites 681:690 arg1 greater 696:702 greater 696:702 greater 696:702 The water resistance of the PLA-g-MA/CS composites was greater than that of the PLA/CS composites; cytocompatibility evaluation with human foreskin fibroblasts (FBs) indicated that both materials were nontoxic. 27612685 4 16 theme composites 681:690 arg1 resistance 651:660 The water resistance 641:660 The water resistance of the PLA-g-MA/CS composites 641:690 The water resistance of the PLA-g-MA/CS composites was greater than that of the PLA/CS composites; cytocompatibility evaluation with human foreskin fibroblasts (FBs) indicated that both materials were nontoxic. 27612685 5 17 dep PLA-g-MA 915:922 arg1 composites 935:944 composites 935:944 composites 935:944 Moreover, CS enhanced the antibacterial activity properties of PLA-g-MA and PLA/CS composites. 27612685 1 18 theme strips 238:243 arg1 properties 156:165 The mechanical properties 141:165 The mechanical properties 141:165 The mechanical properties, cytocompatibility, and fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) printing strips of composite materials containing polylactide (PLA) and chitosan (CS) were evaluated. 27612685 1 18 theme strips 238:243 arg1 cytocompatibility 168:184 cytocompatibility 168:184 cytocompatibility 168:184 The mechanical properties, cytocompatibility, and fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) printing strips of composite materials containing polylactide (PLA) and chitosan (CS) were evaluated. 27612685 1 18 theme strips 238:243 arg1 fabrication 191:201 fabrication 191:201 fabrication 191:201 The mechanical properties, cytocompatibility, and fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) printing strips of composite materials containing polylactide (PLA) and chitosan (CS) were evaluated. 27612685 1 19 contain containing 268:277 arg2 chitosan 301:308 chitosan 301:308 chitosan (CS) 301:313 The mechanical properties, cytocompatibility, and fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) printing strips of composite materials containing polylactide (PLA) and chitosan (CS) were evaluated. 27612685 1 19 contain containing 268:277 arg2 PLA 292:294 PLA 292:294 PLA 292:294 The mechanical properties, cytocompatibility, and fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) printing strips of composite materials containing polylactide (PLA) and chitosan (CS) were evaluated. 27612685 1 19 contain containing 268:277 arg2 polylactide 279:289 polylactide 279:289 polylactide (PLA) 279:295 The mechanical properties, cytocompatibility, and fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) printing strips of composite materials containing polylactide (PLA) and chitosan (CS) were evaluated. 27612685 1 19 contain containing 268:277 arg1 materials 258:266 composite materials 248:266 composite materials containing polylactide (PLA) and chitosan (CS) 248:313 The mechanical properties, cytocompatibility, and fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) printing strips of composite materials containing polylactide (PLA) and chitosan (CS) were evaluated. 27612685 1 19 contain containing 268:277 arg2 CS 311:312 CS 311:312 CS 311:312 The mechanical properties, cytocompatibility, and fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) printing strips of composite materials containing polylactide (PLA) and chitosan (CS) were evaluated. 27612685 5 20 theme activity 892:899 arg1 properties 901:910 the antibacterial activity properties 874:910 the antibacterial activity properties of PLA-g-MA and PLA/CS composites 874:944 Moreover, CS enhanced the antibacterial activity properties of PLA-g-MA and PLA/CS composites. 27612685 2 21 theme desired 411:417 arg1 characteristics 419:433 the desired characteristics 407:433 the desired characteristics of these composites 407:453 Maleic anhydride-grafted polylactide (PLA-g-MA) and CS were used to enhance the desired characteristics of these composites. 27612685 0 22 theme three-dimensional 52:68 arg1 materials 79:87 three-dimensional printing materials 52:87 three-dimensional printing materials 52:87 Modulation, functionality, and cytocompatibility of three-dimensional printing materials made from chitosan-based polysaccharide composites. 27612685 3 23 theme grafted 615:621 arg1 polyester 623:631 polyester 623:631 polyester 623:631 The PLA-g-MA/CS materials exhibited better mechanical properties than the PLA/CS composites; this effect was attributed to a greater compatibility between the grafted polyester and CS. 27612685 4 24 theme cytocompatibility 740:756 arg1 evaluation 758:767 cytocompatibility evaluation 740:767 cytocompatibility evaluation with human foreskin fibroblasts (FBs) 740:805 The water resistance of the PLA-g-MA/CS composites was greater than that of the PLA/CS composites; cytocompatibility evaluation with human foreskin fibroblasts (FBs) indicated that both materials were nontoxic. 27612685 1 25 dep three-dimensional 206:222 arg1 3D 225:226 3D 225:226 3D 225:226 The mechanical properties, cytocompatibility, and fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) printing strips of composite materials containing polylactide (PLA) and chitosan (CS) were evaluated. 27612685 1 26 theme mechanical 145:154 arg1 properties 156:165 The mechanical properties 141:165 The mechanical properties 141:165 The mechanical properties, cytocompatibility, and fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) printing strips of composite materials containing polylactide (PLA) and chitosan (CS) were evaluated. 27612685 1 27 theme composite 248:256 arg1 materials 258:266 composite materials 248:266 composite materials containing polylactide (PLA) and chitosan (CS) 248:313 The mechanical properties, cytocompatibility, and fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) printing strips of composite materials containing polylactide (PLA) and chitosan (CS) were evaluated. 27612685 2 28 used used 391:394 arg2 CS 383:384 CS 383:384 CS 383:384 Maleic anhydride-grafted polylactide (PLA-g-MA) and CS were used to enhance the desired characteristics of these composites. 27612685 2 28 used used 391:394 arg2 PLA-g-MA 369:376 PLA-g-MA 369:376 PLA-g-MA 369:376 Maleic anhydride-grafted polylactide (PLA-g-MA) and CS were used to enhance the desired characteristics of these composites. 27612685 2 28 used used 391:394 arg2 polylactide 356:366 Maleic anhydride-grafted polylactide 331:366 Maleic anhydride-grafted polylactide (PLA-g-MA) 331:377 Maleic anhydride-grafted polylactide (PLA-g-MA) and CS were used to enhance the desired characteristics of these composites. 27612685 2 29 theme anhydride-grafted 338:354 arg1 PLA-g-MA 369:376 PLA-g-MA 369:376 PLA-g-MA 369:376 Maleic anhydride-grafted polylactide (PLA-g-MA) and CS were used to enhance the desired characteristics of these composites. 27612685 2 29 theme anhydride-grafted 338:354 arg1 polylactide 356:366 Maleic anhydride-grafted polylactide 331:366 Maleic anhydride-grafted polylactide (PLA-g-MA) 331:377 Maleic anhydride-grafted polylactide (PLA-g-MA) and CS were used to enhance the desired characteristics of these composites. 27612685 1 30 theme materials 258:266 arg1 strips 238:243 three-dimensional (3D) printing strips 206:243 three-dimensional (3D) printing strips of composite materials containing polylactide (PLA) and chitosan (CS) 206:313 The mechanical properties, cytocompatibility, and fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) printing strips of composite materials containing polylactide (PLA) and chitosan (CS) were evaluated. 27612685 0 31 theme materials 79:87 arg1 functionality 12:24 functionality 12:24 functionality 12:24 Modulation, functionality, and cytocompatibility of three-dimensional printing materials made from chitosan-based polysaccharide composites. 27612685 0 31 theme materials 79:87 arg1 cytocompatibility 31:47 cytocompatibility 31:47 cytocompatibility 31:47 Modulation, functionality, and cytocompatibility of three-dimensional printing materials made from chitosan-based polysaccharide composites. 27612685 0 31 theme materials 79:87 arg1 Modulation 0:9 Modulation 0:9 Modulation 0:9 Modulation, functionality, and cytocompatibility of three-dimensional printing materials made from chitosan-based polysaccharide composites. 27612685 4 32 theme PLA-g-MA/CS 669:679 arg1 composites 681:690 the PLA-g-MA/CS composites 665:690 the PLA-g-MA/CS composites 665:690 The water resistance of the PLA-g-MA/CS composites was greater than that of the PLA/CS composites; cytocompatibility evaluation with human foreskin fibroblasts (FBs) indicated that both materials were nontoxic. 27612685 5 33 theme PLA/CS 928:933 arg1 properties 901:910 the antibacterial activity properties 874:910 the antibacterial activity properties of PLA-g-MA and PLA/CS composites 874:944 Moreover, CS enhanced the antibacterial activity properties of PLA-g-MA and PLA/CS composites. 27612685 3 34 theme PLA-g-MA/CS 460:470 arg1 materials 472:480 The PLA-g-MA/CS materials 456:480 The PLA-g-MA/CS materials 456:480 The PLA-g-MA/CS materials exhibited better mechanical properties than the PLA/CS composites; this effect was attributed to a greater compatibility between the grafted polyester and CS. 27612685 0 35 theme printing 70:77 arg1 materials 79:87 three-dimensional printing materials 52:87 three-dimensional printing materials 52:87 Modulation, functionality, and cytocompatibility of three-dimensional printing materials made from chitosan-based polysaccharide composites. 27612685 4 36 theme water 645:649 arg1 greater 696:702 greater 696:702 greater 696:702 The water resistance of the PLA-g-MA/CS composites was greater than that of the PLA/CS composites; cytocompatibility evaluation with human foreskin fibroblasts (FBs) indicated that both materials were nontoxic. 27612685 4 36 theme water 645:649 arg1 resistance 651:660 The water resistance 641:660 The water resistance of the PLA-g-MA/CS composites 641:690 The water resistance of the PLA-g-MA/CS composites was greater than that of the PLA/CS composites; cytocompatibility evaluation with human foreskin fibroblasts (FBs) indicated that both materials were nontoxic. 27185123 6 0 contain possessed 938:946 arg1 IRGC 915:918 IRGC 103759 915:925 IRGC 103759 915:925 IRGC 103759 and WITA 4 possessed clusters with intermediate characteristics. 27185123 6 0 contain possessed 938:946 arg2 clusters 948:955 clusters 948:955 clusters 948:955 IRGC 103759 and WITA 4 possessed clusters with intermediate characteristics. 27185123 6 0 contain possessed 938:946 arg1 WITA 931:934 WITA 4 931:936 WITA 4 931:936 IRGC 103759 and WITA 4 possessed clusters with intermediate characteristics. 27185123 5 1 from structure 770:778 arg1 TOG 795:797 TOG 12440 795:803 TOG 12440 795:803 Overall, the result suggested that the structure of clusters in TOG 12440 was dense with short chains and high degree of branching, whereas the situation was the opposite in NERICA 4. 27185123 0 2 theme rice 70:73 arg1 accessions 75:84 African rice accessions 62:84 African rice accessions 62:84 Structure of clusters and building blocks in amylopectin from African rice accessions. 27185123 5 3 with dense 809:813 arg1 degree 842:847 high degree 837:847 high degree of branching 837:860 Overall, the result suggested that the structure of clusters in TOG 12440 was dense with short chains and high degree of branching, whereas the situation was the opposite in NERICA 4. 27185123 5 3 with dense 809:813 arg1 chains 826:831 short chains 820:831 short chains 820:831 Overall, the result suggested that the structure of clusters in TOG 12440 was dense with short chains and high degree of branching, whereas the situation was the opposite in NERICA 4. 27185123 6 4 theme intermediate 962:973 arg1 characteristics 975:989 intermediate characteristics 962:989 intermediate characteristics 962:989 IRGC 103759 and WITA 4 possessed clusters with intermediate characteristics. 27185123 8 5 from clusters 1227:1234 arg1 larger 1254:1259 larger 1254:1259 larger 1254:1259 The average number of building blocks in the clusters was significantly larger in NERICA 4 (5.8) and WITA 4 (5.7) than in IRGC 103759 and TOG 12440 (5.1 and 5.3, respectively). 27185123 8 5 from clusters 1227:1234 arg1 number 1194:1199 The average number 1182:1199 The average number of building blocks in the clusters 1182:1234 The average number of building blocks in the clusters was significantly larger in NERICA 4 (5.8) and WITA 4 (5.7) than in IRGC 103759 and TOG 12440 (5.1 and 5.3, respectively). 27185123 0 6 from Structure 0:8 arg1 accessions 75:84 African rice accessions 62:84 African rice accessions 62:84 Structure of clusters and building blocks in amylopectin from African rice accessions. 27185123 0 6 from Structure 0:8 arg1 amylopectin 45:55 amylopectin 45:55 amylopectin from African rice accessions 45:84 Structure of clusters and building blocks in amylopectin from African rice accessions. 27185123 3 7 theme rice 534:537 arg1 ARAs 551:554 ARAs 551:554 ARAs 551:554 The average DP of clusters from the African rice accessions (ARAs) was marginally larger (DP=83) than in WITA 4 (DP=81). 27185123 3 7 theme rice 534:537 arg1 accessions 539:548 the African rice accessions 522:548 the African rice accessions (ARAs) 522:555 The average DP of clusters from the African rice accessions (ARAs) was marginally larger (DP=83) than in WITA 4 (DP=81). 27185123 5 8 theme branching 852:860 arg1 degree 842:847 high degree 837:847 high degree of branching 837:860 Overall, the result suggested that the structure of clusters in TOG 12440 was dense with short chains and high degree of branching, whereas the situation was the opposite in NERICA 4. 27185123 5 8 theme branching 852:860 arg1 chains 826:831 short chains 820:831 short chains 820:831 Overall, the result suggested that the structure of clusters in TOG 12440 was dense with short chains and high degree of branching, whereas the situation was the opposite in NERICA 4. 27185123 1 9 theme African 290:296 arg1 accessions-IRGC 322:336 two African rice (Oryza glaberrima) accessions-IRGC 103759 and TOG 12440 286:357 accessions-IRGC 322:336 Enzymatic hydrolysis in combination with gel-permeation and anion-exchange chromatography techniques were employed to characterise the composition of clusters and building blocks of amylopectin from two African rice (Oryza glaberrima) accessions-IRGC 103759 and TOG 12440. 27185123 7 10 located found 1145:1149 arg1 numbers 1173:1179 successively lower numbers 1154:1179 successively lower numbers 1154:1179 The commonest type of building blocks in all samples was group 2 (single branched dextrins) representing 40.3-49.4% of the blocks, while groups 3-6 were found in successively lower numbers. 27185123 7 10 located found 1145:1149 arg2 groups 1129:1134 groups 3-6 1129:1138 groups 3-6 1129:1138 The commonest type of building blocks in all samples was group 2 (single branched dextrins) representing 40.3-49.4% of the blocks, while groups 3-6 were found in successively lower numbers. 27185123 4 11 from ARAs 674:677 arg1 clusters 656:663 clusters 656:663 clusters from the ARAs 656:677 However, regarding average number of chains, clusters from the ARAs represented both the smallest and largest clusters. 27185123 3 12 theme clusters 508:515 arg1 larger 572:577 larger 572:577 larger 572:577 The average DP of clusters from the African rice accessions (ARAs) was marginally larger (DP=83) than in WITA 4 (DP=81). 27185123 3 12 theme clusters 508:515 arg1 DP 502:503 The average DP 490:503 The average DP of clusters from the African rice accessions (ARAs) 490:555 The average DP of clusters from the African rice accessions (ARAs) was marginally larger (DP=83) than in WITA 4 (DP=81). 27185123 1 13 theme rice 298:301 arg1 accessions-IRGC 322:336 two African rice (Oryza glaberrima) accessions-IRGC 103759 and TOG 12440 286:357 accessions-IRGC 322:336 Enzymatic hydrolysis in combination with gel-permeation and anion-exchange chromatography techniques were employed to characterise the composition of clusters and building blocks of amylopectin from two African rice (Oryza glaberrima) accessions-IRGC 103759 and TOG 12440. 27185123 7 14 theme single 1058:1063 arg1 dextrins 1074:1081 single branched dextrins 1058:1081 single branched dextrins 1058:1081 The commonest type of building blocks in all samples was group 2 (single branched dextrins) representing 40.3-49.4% of the blocks, while groups 3-6 were found in successively lower numbers. 27185123 7 14 theme single 1058:1063 arg1 group 1049:1053 group 2 1049:1055 group 2 (single branched dextrins) representing 40.3-49.4% of the blocks 1049:1120 The commonest type of building blocks in all samples was group 2 (single branched dextrins) representing 40.3-49.4% of the blocks, while groups 3-6 were found in successively lower numbers. 27185123 4 15 theme chains 648:653 arg1 number 638:643 average number 630:643 average number of chains 630:653 However, regarding average number of chains, clusters from the ARAs represented both the smallest and largest clusters. 27185123 5 16 from TOG 795:797 arg1 structure 770:778 the structure 766:778 the structure of clusters in TOG 12440 766:803 Overall, the result suggested that the structure of clusters in TOG 12440 was dense with short chains and high degree of branching, whereas the situation was the opposite in NERICA 4. 27185123 5 16 from TOG 795:797 arg1 dense 809:813 dense 809:813 dense 809:813 Overall, the result suggested that the structure of clusters in TOG 12440 was dense with short chains and high degree of branching, whereas the situation was the opposite in NERICA 4. 27185123 3 17 theme average 494:500 arg1 larger 572:577 larger 572:577 larger 572:577 The average DP of clusters from the African rice accessions (ARAs) was marginally larger (DP=83) than in WITA 4 (DP=81). 27185123 3 17 theme average 494:500 arg1 DP 502:503 The average DP 490:503 The average DP of clusters from the African rice accessions (ARAs) 490:555 The average DP of clusters from the African rice accessions (ARAs) was marginally larger (DP=83) than in WITA 4 (DP=81). 27185123 5 18 theme short 820:824 arg1 chains 826:831 short chains 820:831 short chains 820:831 Overall, the result suggested that the structure of clusters in TOG 12440 was dense with short chains and high degree of branching, whereas the situation was the opposite in NERICA 4. 27185123 7 19 theme branched 1065:1072 arg1 dextrins 1074:1081 single branched dextrins 1058:1081 single branched dextrins 1058:1081 The commonest type of building blocks in all samples was group 2 (single branched dextrins) representing 40.3-49.4% of the blocks, while groups 3-6 were found in successively lower numbers. 27185123 7 19 theme branched 1065:1072 arg1 group 1049:1053 group 2 1049:1055 group 2 (single branched dextrins) representing 40.3-49.4% of the blocks 1049:1120 The commonest type of building blocks in all samples was group 2 (single branched dextrins) representing 40.3-49.4% of the blocks, while groups 3-6 were found in successively lower numbers. 27185123 2 20 theme sativa×O. 451:459 arg1 NERICA 479:484 NERICA 4 479:486 NERICA 4 479:486 The samples were compared with one Asian rice (Oryza sativa) sample (cv WITA 4) and one O. sativa×O. glaberrima cross (NERICA 4). 27185123 2 20 theme sativa×O. 451:459 arg1 cross 472:476 one O. sativa×O. glaberrima cross 444:476 one O. sativa×O. glaberrima cross (NERICA 4) 444:487 The samples were compared with one Asian rice (Oryza sativa) sample (cv WITA 4) and one O. sativa×O. glaberrima cross (NERICA 4). 27185123 8 21 from number 1194:1199 arg1 clusters 1227:1234 the clusters 1223:1234 the clusters 1223:1234 The average number of building blocks in the clusters was significantly larger in NERICA 4 (5.8) and WITA 4 (5.7) than in IRGC 103759 and TOG 12440 (5.1 and 5.3, respectively). 27185123 8 22 theme blocks 1213:1218 arg1 larger 1254:1259 larger 1254:1259 larger 1254:1259 The average number of building blocks in the clusters was significantly larger in NERICA 4 (5.8) and WITA 4 (5.7) than in IRGC 103759 and TOG 12440 (5.1 and 5.3, respectively). 27185123 8 22 theme blocks 1213:1218 arg1 number 1194:1199 The average number 1182:1199 The average number of building blocks in the clusters 1182:1234 The average number of building blocks in the clusters was significantly larger in NERICA 4 (5.8) and WITA 4 (5.7) than in IRGC 103759 and TOG 12440 (5.1 and 5.3, respectively). 27185123 2 23 theme glaberrima 461:470 arg1 NERICA 479:484 NERICA 4 479:486 NERICA 4 479:486 The samples were compared with one Asian rice (Oryza sativa) sample (cv WITA 4) and one O. sativa×O. glaberrima cross (NERICA 4). 27185123 2 23 theme glaberrima 461:470 arg1 cross 472:476 one O. sativa×O. glaberrima cross 444:476 one O. sativa×O. glaberrima cross (NERICA 4) 444:487 The samples were compared with one Asian rice (Oryza sativa) sample (cv WITA 4) and one O. sativa×O. glaberrima cross (NERICA 4). 27185123 1 24 with combination 111:121 arg1 techniques 177:186 gel-permeation and anion-exchange chromatography techniques 128:186 gel-permeation and anion-exchange chromatography techniques 128:186 Enzymatic hydrolysis in combination with gel-permeation and anion-exchange chromatography techniques were employed to characterise the composition of clusters and building blocks of amylopectin from two African rice (Oryza glaberrima) accessions-IRGC 103759 and TOG 12440. 27185123 3 25 theme African 526:532 arg1 ARAs 551:554 ARAs 551:554 ARAs 551:554 The average DP of clusters from the African rice accessions (ARAs) was marginally larger (DP=83) than in WITA 4 (DP=81). 27185123 3 25 theme African 526:532 arg1 accessions 539:548 the African rice accessions 522:548 the African rice accessions (ARAs) 522:555 The average DP of clusters from the African rice accessions (ARAs) was marginally larger (DP=83) than in WITA 4 (DP=81). 27185123 2 26 theme rice 401:404 arg1 Oryza 407:411 Oryza 407:411 Oryza 407:411 The samples were compared with one Asian rice (Oryza sativa) sample (cv WITA 4) and one O. sativa×O. glaberrima cross (NERICA 4). 27185123 2 26 theme rice 401:404 arg1 sample 421:426 one Asian rice (Oryza sativa) sample 391:426 one Asian rice (Oryza sativa) sample (cv WITA 4) 391:438 The samples were compared with one Asian rice (Oryza sativa) sample (cv WITA 4) and one O. sativa×O. glaberrima cross (NERICA 4). 27185123 2 26 theme rice 401:404 arg1 WITA 432:435 cv WITA 4 429:437 cv WITA 4 429:437 The samples were compared with one Asian rice (Oryza sativa) sample (cv WITA 4) and one O. sativa×O. glaberrima cross (NERICA 4). 27185123 8 27 dep IRGC 1304:1307 arg1 5.1 1331:1333 5.1 1331:1333 5.1 1331:1333 The average number of building blocks in the clusters was significantly larger in NERICA 4 (5.8) and WITA 4 (5.7) than in IRGC 103759 and TOG 12440 (5.1 and 5.3, respectively). 27185123 8 27 dep IRGC 1304:1307 arg1 5.3 1339:1341 5.3 1339:1341 5.3 1339:1341 The average number of building blocks in the clusters was significantly larger in NERICA 4 (5.8) and WITA 4 (5.7) than in IRGC 103759 and TOG 12440 (5.1 and 5.3, respectively). 27185123 1 28 theme Enzymatic 87:95 arg1 hydrolysis 97:106 Enzymatic hydrolysis 87:106 Enzymatic hydrolysis in combination with gel-permeation and anion-exchange chromatography techniques 87:186 Enzymatic hydrolysis in combination with gel-permeation and anion-exchange chromatography techniques were employed to characterise the composition of clusters and building blocks of amylopectin from two African rice (Oryza glaberrima) accessions-IRGC 103759 and TOG 12440. 27185123 3 29 from accessions 539:548 arg1 larger 572:577 larger 572:577 larger 572:577 The average DP of clusters from the African rice accessions (ARAs) was marginally larger (DP=83) than in WITA 4 (DP=81). 27185123 3 29 from accessions 539:548 arg1 DP 502:503 The average DP 490:503 The average DP of clusters from the African rice accessions (ARAs) 490:555 The average DP of clusters from the African rice accessions (ARAs) was marginally larger (DP=83) than in WITA 4 (DP=81). 27185123 2 30 theme Asian 395:399 arg1 Oryza 407:411 Oryza 407:411 Oryza 407:411 The samples were compared with one Asian rice (Oryza sativa) sample (cv WITA 4) and one O. sativa×O. glaberrima cross (NERICA 4). 27185123 2 30 theme Asian 395:399 arg1 sample 421:426 one Asian rice (Oryza sativa) sample 391:426 one Asian rice (Oryza sativa) sample (cv WITA 4) 391:438 The samples were compared with one Asian rice (Oryza sativa) sample (cv WITA 4) and one O. sativa×O. glaberrima cross (NERICA 4). 27185123 2 30 theme Asian 395:399 arg1 WITA 432:435 cv WITA 4 429:437 cv WITA 4 429:437 The samples were compared with one Asian rice (Oryza sativa) sample (cv WITA 4) and one O. sativa×O. glaberrima cross (NERICA 4). 27185123 1 31 theme Oryza 304:308 arg1 accessions-IRGC 322:336 two African rice (Oryza glaberrima) accessions-IRGC 103759 and TOG 12440 286:357 accessions-IRGC 322:336 Enzymatic hydrolysis in combination with gel-permeation and anion-exchange chromatography techniques were employed to characterise the composition of clusters and building blocks of amylopectin from two African rice (Oryza glaberrima) accessions-IRGC 103759 and TOG 12440. 27185123 4 32 theme largest 713:719 arg1 clusters 721:728 both the smallest and largest clusters 691:728 clusters 721:728 However, regarding average number of chains, clusters from the ARAs represented both the smallest and largest clusters. 27185123 8 33 theme average 1186:1192 arg1 larger 1254:1259 larger 1254:1259 larger 1254:1259 The average number of building blocks in the clusters was significantly larger in NERICA 4 (5.8) and WITA 4 (5.7) than in IRGC 103759 and TOG 12440 (5.1 and 5.3, respectively). 27185123 8 33 theme average 1186:1192 arg1 number 1194:1199 The average number 1182:1199 The average number of building blocks in the clusters 1182:1234 The average number of building blocks in the clusters was significantly larger in NERICA 4 (5.8) and WITA 4 (5.7) than in IRGC 103759 and TOG 12440 (5.1 and 5.3, respectively). 27185123 7 34 theme lower 1167:1171 arg1 numbers 1173:1179 successively lower numbers 1154:1179 successively lower numbers 1154:1179 The commonest type of building blocks in all samples was group 2 (single branched dextrins) representing 40.3-49.4% of the blocks, while groups 3-6 were found in successively lower numbers. 27185123 0 35 theme clusters 13:20 arg1 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure of clusters and building blocks in amylopectin from African rice accessions. 0:85 Structure of clusters and building blocks in amylopectin from African rice accessions. 27185123 1 36 theme glaberrima 310:319 arg1 accessions-IRGC 322:336 two African rice (Oryza glaberrima) accessions-IRGC 103759 and TOG 12440 286:357 accessions-IRGC 322:336 Enzymatic hydrolysis in combination with gel-permeation and anion-exchange chromatography techniques were employed to characterise the composition of clusters and building blocks of amylopectin from two African rice (Oryza glaberrima) accessions-IRGC 103759 and TOG 12440. 27185123 5 37 theme high 837:840 arg1 degree 842:847 high degree 837:847 high degree of branching 837:860 Overall, the result suggested that the structure of clusters in TOG 12440 was dense with short chains and high degree of branching, whereas the situation was the opposite in NERICA 4. 27185123 0 38 from accessions 75:84 arg1 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure of clusters and building blocks in amylopectin from African rice accessions. 0:85 Structure of clusters and building blocks in amylopectin from African rice accessions. 27185123 0 38 from accessions 75:84 arg1 amylopectin 45:55 amylopectin 45:55 amylopectin from African rice accessions 45:84 Structure of clusters and building blocks in amylopectin from African rice accessions. 27185123 5 39 from NERICA 905:910 arg1 situation 875:883 the situation 871:883 the situation 871:883 Overall, the result suggested that the structure of clusters in TOG 12440 was dense with short chains and high degree of branching, whereas the situation was the opposite in NERICA 4. 27185123 5 39 from NERICA 905:910 arg1 opposite 893:900 opposite 893:900 opposite 893:900 Overall, the result suggested that the structure of clusters in TOG 12440 was dense with short chains and high degree of branching, whereas the situation was the opposite in NERICA 4. 27185123 0 40 theme blocks 35:40 arg1 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure of clusters and building blocks in amylopectin from African rice accessions. 0:85 Structure of clusters and building blocks in amylopectin from African rice accessions. 27185123 5 41 from opposite 893:900 arg1 NERICA 905:910 NERICA 4 905:912 NERICA 4 905:912 Overall, the result suggested that the structure of clusters in TOG 12440 was dense with short chains and high degree of branching, whereas the situation was the opposite in NERICA 4. 27185123 3 42 dep larger 572:577 arg1 DP=83 580:584 DP=83 580:584 DP=83 580:584 The average DP of clusters from the African rice accessions (ARAs) was marginally larger (DP=83) than in WITA 4 (DP=81). 27185123 5 43 theme clusters 783:790 arg1 structure 770:778 the structure 766:778 the structure of clusters in TOG 12440 766:803 Overall, the result suggested that the structure of clusters in TOG 12440 was dense with short chains and high degree of branching, whereas the situation was the opposite in NERICA 4. 27185123 5 43 theme clusters 783:790 arg1 dense 809:813 dense 809:813 dense 809:813 Overall, the result suggested that the structure of clusters in TOG 12440 was dense with short chains and high degree of branching, whereas the situation was the opposite in NERICA 4. 27185123 1 44 theme clusters 237:244 arg1 composition 222:232 the composition 218:232 the composition of clusters and building blocks of amylopectin 218:279 Enzymatic hydrolysis in combination with gel-permeation and anion-exchange chromatography techniques were employed to characterise the composition of clusters and building blocks of amylopectin from two African rice (Oryza glaberrima) accessions-IRGC 103759 and TOG 12440. 27185123 0 45 theme building 26:33 arg1 blocks 35:40 building blocks 26:40 building blocks 26:40 Structure of clusters and building blocks in amylopectin from African rice accessions. 27185123 2 46 theme O. 448:449 arg1 NERICA 479:484 NERICA 4 479:486 NERICA 4 479:486 The samples were compared with one Asian rice (Oryza sativa) sample (cv WITA 4) and one O. sativa×O. glaberrima cross (NERICA 4). 27185123 2 46 theme O. 448:449 arg1 cross 472:476 one O. sativa×O. glaberrima cross 444:476 one O. sativa×O. glaberrima cross (NERICA 4) 444:487 The samples were compared with one Asian rice (Oryza sativa) sample (cv WITA 4) and one O. sativa×O. glaberrima cross (NERICA 4). 27185123 4 47 dep clusters 721:728 arg1 both 691:694 both 691:694 both 691:694 However, regarding average number of chains, clusters from the ARAs represented both the smallest and largest clusters. 27185123 7 48 theme building 1014:1021 arg1 blocks 1023:1028 building blocks 1014:1028 building blocks 1014:1028 The commonest type of building blocks in all samples was group 2 (single branched dextrins) representing 40.3-49.4% of the blocks, while groups 3-6 were found in successively lower numbers. 27185123 7 49 from type 1006:1009 arg1 samples 1037:1043 all samples 1033:1043 all samples 1033:1043 The commonest type of building blocks in all samples was group 2 (single branched dextrins) representing 40.3-49.4% of the blocks, while groups 3-6 were found in successively lower numbers. 27185123 8 50 theme building 1204:1211 arg1 blocks 1213:1218 building blocks 1204:1218 building blocks in the clusters 1204:1234 The average number of building blocks in the clusters was significantly larger in NERICA 4 (5.8) and WITA 4 (5.7) than in IRGC 103759 and TOG 12440 (5.1 and 5.3, respectively). 27185123 4 51 theme average 630:636 arg1 number 638:643 average number 630:643 average number of chains 630:653 However, regarding average number of chains, clusters from the ARAs represented both the smallest and largest clusters. 27185123 7 52 theme blocks 1115:1120 arg1 % 1106:1106 40.3-49.4% 1097:1106 40.3-49.4% of the blocks 1097:1120 The commonest type of building blocks in all samples was group 2 (single branched dextrins) representing 40.3-49.4% of the blocks, while groups 3-6 were found in successively lower numbers. 27185123 7 52 theme blocks 1115:1120 arg1 blocks 1115:1120 the blocks 1111:1120 the blocks 1111:1120 The commonest type of building blocks in all samples was group 2 (single branched dextrins) representing 40.3-49.4% of the blocks, while groups 3-6 were found in successively lower numbers. 27185123 7 53 theme commonest 996:1004 arg1 type 1006:1009 The commonest type 992:1009 The commonest type of building blocks in all samples 992:1043 The commonest type of building blocks in all samples was group 2 (single branched dextrins) representing 40.3-49.4% of the blocks, while groups 3-6 were found in successively lower numbers. 27185123 7 53 theme commonest 996:1004 arg1 group 1049:1053 group 2 1049:1055 group 2 (single branched dextrins) representing 40.3-49.4% of the blocks 1049:1120 The commonest type of building blocks in all samples was group 2 (single branched dextrins) representing 40.3-49.4% of the blocks, while groups 3-6 were found in successively lower numbers. 27185123 1 54 from hydrolysis 97:106 arg1 combination 111:121 combination 111:121 combination with gel-permeation and anion-exchange chromatography techniques 111:186 Enzymatic hydrolysis in combination with gel-permeation and anion-exchange chromatography techniques were employed to characterise the composition of clusters and building blocks of amylopectin from two African rice (Oryza glaberrima) accessions-IRGC 103759 and TOG 12440. 27185123 4 55 theme smallest 700:707 arg1 clusters 721:728 both the smallest and largest clusters 691:728 clusters 721:728 However, regarding average number of chains, clusters from the ARAs represented both the smallest and largest clusters. 27185123 1 56 theme gel-permeation 128:141 arg1 techniques 177:186 gel-permeation and anion-exchange chromatography techniques 128:186 gel-permeation and anion-exchange chromatography techniques 128:186 Enzymatic hydrolysis in combination with gel-permeation and anion-exchange chromatography techniques were employed to characterise the composition of clusters and building blocks of amylopectin from two African rice (Oryza glaberrima) accessions-IRGC 103759 and TOG 12440. 27185123 8 57 from blocks 1213:1218 arg1 clusters 1227:1234 the clusters 1223:1234 the clusters 1223:1234 The average number of building blocks in the clusters was significantly larger in NERICA 4 (5.8) and WITA 4 (5.7) than in IRGC 103759 and TOG 12440 (5.1 and 5.3, respectively). 27185123 1 58 theme building 250:257 arg1 blocks 259:264 building blocks 250:264 building blocks 250:264 Enzymatic hydrolysis in combination with gel-permeation and anion-exchange chromatography techniques were employed to characterise the composition of clusters and building blocks of amylopectin from two African rice (Oryza glaberrima) accessions-IRGC 103759 and TOG 12440. 27185123 7 59 dep groups 1129:1134 arg1 3-6 1136:1138 3-6 1136:1138 3-6 1136:1138 The commonest type of building blocks in all samples was group 2 (single branched dextrins) representing 40.3-49.4% of the blocks, while groups 3-6 were found in successively lower numbers. 27185123 1 60 theme blocks 259:264 arg1 composition 222:232 the composition 218:232 the composition of clusters and building blocks of amylopectin 218:279 Enzymatic hydrolysis in combination with gel-permeation and anion-exchange chromatography techniques were employed to characterise the composition of clusters and building blocks of amylopectin from two African rice (Oryza glaberrima) accessions-IRGC 103759 and TOG 12440. 27185123 0 61 theme African 62:68 arg1 accessions 75:84 African rice accessions 62:84 African rice accessions 62:84 Structure of clusters and building blocks in amylopectin from African rice accessions. 27185123 2 62 dep Oryza 407:411 arg1 sativa 413:418 Oryza sativa 407:418 Oryza sativa 407:418 The samples were compared with one Asian rice (Oryza sativa) sample (cv WITA 4) and one O. sativa×O. glaberrima cross (NERICA 4). 27185123 5 63 from clusters 783:790 arg1 TOG 795:797 TOG 12440 795:803 TOG 12440 795:803 Overall, the result suggested that the structure of clusters in TOG 12440 was dense with short chains and high degree of branching, whereas the situation was the opposite in NERICA 4. 27185123 1 64 theme anion-exchange 147:160 arg1 chromatography 162:175 anion-exchange chromatography 147:175 anion-exchange chromatography 147:175 Enzymatic hydrolysis in combination with gel-permeation and anion-exchange chromatography techniques were employed to characterise the composition of clusters and building blocks of amylopectin from two African rice (Oryza glaberrima) accessions-IRGC 103759 and TOG 12440. 27185123 7 65 theme blocks 1023:1028 arg1 type 1006:1009 The commonest type 992:1009 The commonest type of building blocks in all samples 992:1043 The commonest type of building blocks in all samples was group 2 (single branched dextrins) representing 40.3-49.4% of the blocks, while groups 3-6 were found in successively lower numbers. 27185123 7 65 theme blocks 1023:1028 arg1 group 1049:1053 group 2 1049:1055 group 2 (single branched dextrins) representing 40.3-49.4% of the blocks 1049:1120 The commonest type of building blocks in all samples was group 2 (single branched dextrins) representing 40.3-49.4% of the blocks, while groups 3-6 were found in successively lower numbers. 27185123 2 66 theme cv 429:430 arg1 sample 421:426 one Asian rice (Oryza sativa) sample 391:426 one Asian rice (Oryza sativa) sample (cv WITA 4) 391:438 The samples were compared with one Asian rice (Oryza sativa) sample (cv WITA 4) and one O. sativa×O. glaberrima cross (NERICA 4). 27185123 2 66 theme cv 429:430 arg1 WITA 432:435 cv WITA 4 429:437 cv WITA 4 429:437 The samples were compared with one Asian rice (Oryza sativa) sample (cv WITA 4) and one O. sativa×O. glaberrima cross (NERICA 4). 27185123 1 67 theme chromatography 162:175 arg1 techniques 177:186 gel-permeation and anion-exchange chromatography techniques 128:186 gel-permeation and anion-exchange chromatography techniques 128:186 Enzymatic hydrolysis in combination with gel-permeation and anion-exchange chromatography techniques were employed to characterise the composition of clusters and building blocks of amylopectin from two African rice (Oryza glaberrima) accessions-IRGC 103759 and TOG 12440. 27185123 1 68 theme amylopectin 269:279 arg1 composition 222:232 the composition 218:232 the composition of clusters and building blocks of amylopectin 218:279 Enzymatic hydrolysis in combination with gel-permeation and anion-exchange chromatography techniques were employed to characterise the composition of clusters and building blocks of amylopectin from two African rice (Oryza glaberrima) accessions-IRGC 103759 and TOG 12440. 28557021 0 0 theme high 147:150 arg1 temperatures 152:163 high temperatures 147:163 high temperatures 147:163 Effects of high amylose corn starch and microbial transglutaminase on the textural and microstructural properties of wheat flour composite gels at high temperatures. 28557021 1 1 theme wheat 242:246 arg1 flour 248:252 wheat flour 242:252 wheat flour 242:252 Textural and microstructural properties of composite gels (CGs), along with wheat flour and high amylose corn starch (Hylon VII) mixed with microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) at different levels and temperatures were investigated. 28557021 7 2 theme Hylon 1047:1051 arg1 addition 1060:1067 Hylon starch addition 1047:1067 Hylon starch addition 1047:1067 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that MTGase and Hylon starch addition enhanced the structure. 28557021 13 3 theme main 2077:2080 arg1 starch 1973:1978 high amylose corn starch 1955:1978 high amylose corn starch as a resistant starch, wheat flour, and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) 1955:2054 Here, high amylose corn starch as a resistant starch, wheat flour, and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) were selected as the main components in the composite gel (CG) systems to elucidate the effects of MTGase and Hylon on the texture, microstructure, and pasting behavior of CGs at high temperatures to produce long-life noodle/pasta products (about 2 years) through retort processing. 28557021 13 3 theme main 2077:2080 arg1 components 2082:2091 the main components 2073:2091 the main components in the composite gel (CG) systems 2073:2125 Here, high amylose corn starch as a resistant starch, wheat flour, and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) were selected as the main components in the composite gel (CG) systems to elucidate the effects of MTGase and Hylon on the texture, microstructure, and pasting behavior of CGs at high temperatures to produce long-life noodle/pasta products (about 2 years) through retort processing. 28557021 8 4 theme gels 1167:1170 arg1 properties 1149:1158 the pasting properties 1137:1158 the pasting properties of the gels 1137:1170 The differences in SEM of CG were reflected the pasting properties of the gels. 28557021 3 5 theme high 512:515 arg1 level 517:521 high level 512:521 high level of amylose and cross-linking formed by MTGase 512:567 Indeed, high level of amylose and cross-linking formed by MTGase enhanced the gel elasticity and reduced adhesiveness. 28557021 8 6 theme CG 1119:1120 arg1 SEM 1112:1114 SEM 1112:1114 SEM of CG 1112:1120 The differences in SEM of CG were reflected the pasting properties of the gels. 28557021 11 7 from noodles 1707:1713 arg1 pasta 1698:1702 the pasta 1694:1702 the pasta 1694:1702 PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Although, transglutaminase was practically used in the production of noodles and pasta in Japan, but there is little academic and industrial knowledge concerning its utilization in the pasta or noodles. 28557021 10 8 theme Hylon 1329:1333 arg1 increment 1316:1324 the increment 1312:1324 the increment of Hylon to the CG gels 1312:1348 Therefore, the increment of Hylon to the CG gels supplied tighter, stronger, and denser protein network which were formed by MTGase cross-linking within the network of starch and proteins. 28557021 0 9 theme wheat 117:121 arg1 gels 139:142 wheat flour composite gels 117:142 wheat flour composite gels at high temperatures 117:163 Effects of high amylose corn starch and microbial transglutaminase on the textural and microstructural properties of wheat flour composite gels at high temperatures. 28557021 1 10 theme different 345:353 arg1 levels 355:360 different levels 345:360 different levels 345:360 Textural and microstructural properties of composite gels (CGs), along with wheat flour and high amylose corn starch (Hylon VII) mixed with microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) at different levels and temperatures were investigated. 28557021 1 11 theme composite 209:217 arg1 CGs 225:227 CGs 225:227 CGs 225:227 Textural and microstructural properties of composite gels (CGs), along with wheat flour and high amylose corn starch (Hylon VII) mixed with microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) at different levels and temperatures were investigated. 28557021 1 11 theme composite 209:217 arg1 gels 219:222 composite gels 209:222 composite gels (CGs) 209:228 Textural and microstructural properties of composite gels (CGs), along with wheat flour and high amylose corn starch (Hylon VII) mixed with microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) at different levels and temperatures were investigated. 28557021 8 12 theme pasting 1141:1147 arg1 properties 1149:1158 the pasting properties 1137:1158 the pasting properties of the gels 1137:1170 The differences in SEM of CG were reflected the pasting properties of the gels. 28557021 12 13 from popular 1776:1782 arg1 conditions 1828:1837 the emergency conditions 1814:1837 the emergency conditions like as floods or earthquake 1814:1866 Moreover, long shelf-life noodle/pasta products have become popular in the Japanese market and in the emergency conditions like as floods or earthquake, but they can be stored for at least 5 months by applying heat treatment at 95C. 28557021 12 13 from popular 1776:1782 arg1 market 1800:1805 the Japanese market 1787:1805 the Japanese market 1787:1805 Moreover, long shelf-life noodle/pasta products have become popular in the Japanese market and in the emergency conditions like as floods or earthquake, but they can be stored for at least 5 months by applying heat treatment at 95C. 28557021 1 14 dep along 231:235 arg1 with 237:240 with 237:240 with 237:240 Textural and microstructural properties of composite gels (CGs), along with wheat flour and high amylose corn starch (Hylon VII) mixed with microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) at different levels and temperatures were investigated. 28557021 0 15 theme composite 129:137 arg1 gels 139:142 wheat flour composite gels 117:142 wheat flour composite gels at high temperatures 117:163 Effects of high amylose corn starch and microbial transglutaminase on the textural and microstructural properties of wheat flour composite gels at high temperatures. 28557021 5 16 theme lowest 787:792 arg1 viscosity 799:807 peak viscosity 794:807 peak viscosity 794:807 By adding MTGase to the CG, the lowest peak viscosity and final viscosity were found for 15% of Hylon starch. 28557021 9 17 theme overall 1262:1268 arg1 structure 1270:1278 the overall structure 1258:1278 the overall structure of the samples gels 1258:1298 Consequently, MTGase treated gels can withstand high temperature as well as maintain the overall structure of the samples gels. 28557021 7 18 theme electron 990:997 arg1 SEM 1011:1013 SEM 1011:1013 SEM 1011:1013 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that MTGase and Hylon starch addition enhanced the structure. 28557021 7 18 theme electron 990:997 arg1 microscopy 999:1008 Scanning electron microscopy 981:1008 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results 981:1022 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that MTGase and Hylon starch addition enhanced the structure. 28557021 13 19 theme amylose 1960:1966 arg1 starch 1973:1978 high amylose corn starch 1955:1978 high amylose corn starch as a resistant starch, wheat flour, and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) 1955:2054 Here, high amylose corn starch as a resistant starch, wheat flour, and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) were selected as the main components in the composite gel (CG) systems to elucidate the effects of MTGase and Hylon on the texture, microstructure, and pasting behavior of CGs at high temperatures to produce long-life noodle/pasta products (about 2 years) through retort processing. 28557021 13 19 theme amylose 1960:1966 arg1 components 2082:2091 the main components 2073:2091 the main components in the composite gel (CG) systems 2073:2125 Here, high amylose corn starch as a resistant starch, wheat flour, and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) were selected as the main components in the composite gel (CG) systems to elucidate the effects of MTGase and Hylon on the texture, microstructure, and pasting behavior of CGs at high temperatures to produce long-life noodle/pasta products (about 2 years) through retort processing. 28557021 13 20 theme corn 1968:1971 arg1 starch 1973:1978 high amylose corn starch 1955:1978 high amylose corn starch as a resistant starch, wheat flour, and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) 1955:2054 Here, high amylose corn starch as a resistant starch, wheat flour, and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) were selected as the main components in the composite gel (CG) systems to elucidate the effects of MTGase and Hylon on the texture, microstructure, and pasting behavior of CGs at high temperatures to produce long-life noodle/pasta products (about 2 years) through retort processing. 28557021 13 20 theme corn 1968:1971 arg1 components 2082:2091 the main components 2073:2091 the main components in the composite gel (CG) systems 2073:2125 Here, high amylose corn starch as a resistant starch, wheat flour, and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) were selected as the main components in the composite gel (CG) systems to elucidate the effects of MTGase and Hylon on the texture, microstructure, and pasting behavior of CGs at high temperatures to produce long-life noodle/pasta products (about 2 years) through retort processing. 28557021 6 21 theme Hylon 877:881 arg1 index 928:932 the more water solubility index 902:932 the more water solubility index 902:932 As the more Hylon content in the CG, the more water solubility index was particularly obtained at high temperature. 28557021 6 21 theme Hylon 877:881 arg1 content 883:889 the more Hylon content 868:889 the more Hylon content in the CG 868:899 As the more Hylon content in the CG, the more water solubility index was particularly obtained at high temperature. 28557021 0 22 from properties 103:112 arg1 temperatures 152:163 high temperatures 147:163 high temperatures 147:163 Effects of high amylose corn starch and microbial transglutaminase on the textural and microstructural properties of wheat flour composite gels at high temperatures. 28557021 4 23 theme intermolecular 703:716 arg1 structures 722:731 more cross-linked intermolecular gel structures 685:731 more cross-linked intermolecular gel structures 685:731 Moreover, MTGase had more effect on the firmness and provided more cross-linked intermolecular gel structures at high temperatures. 28557021 9 24 theme treated 1194:1200 arg1 gels 1202:1205 MTGase treated gels 1187:1205 MTGase treated gels 1187:1205 Consequently, MTGase treated gels can withstand high temperature as well as maintain the overall structure of the samples gels. 28557021 0 25 theme transglutaminase 50:65 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of high amylose corn starch and microbial transglutaminase on the textural and microstructural properties of wheat flour composite gels at high temperatures. 0:164 Effects of high amylose corn starch and microbial transglutaminase on the textural and microstructural properties of wheat flour composite gels at high temperatures. 28557021 5 26 theme peak 794:797 arg1 viscosity 799:807 peak viscosity 794:807 peak viscosity 794:807 By adding MTGase to the CG, the lowest peak viscosity and final viscosity were found for 15% of Hylon starch. 28557021 13 27 theme composite 2100:2108 arg1 systems 2119:2125 the composite gel (CG) systems 2096:2125 the composite gel (CG) systems 2096:2125 Here, high amylose corn starch as a resistant starch, wheat flour, and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) were selected as the main components in the composite gel (CG) systems to elucidate the effects of MTGase and Hylon on the texture, microstructure, and pasting behavior of CGs at high temperatures to produce long-life noodle/pasta products (about 2 years) through retort processing. 28557021 10 28 theme tighter 1359:1365 arg1 network 1397:1403 tighter, stronger, and denser protein network 1359:1403 tighter, stronger, and denser protein network which were formed by MTGase cross-linking within the network of starch and proteins 1359:1487 Therefore, the increment of Hylon to the CG gels supplied tighter, stronger, and denser protein network which were formed by MTGase cross-linking within the network of starch and proteins. 28557021 1 29 theme microbial 306:314 arg1 MTGase 334:339 MTGase 334:339 MTGase 334:339 Textural and microstructural properties of composite gels (CGs), along with wheat flour and high amylose corn starch (Hylon VII) mixed with microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) at different levels and temperatures were investigated. 28557021 1 29 theme microbial 306:314 arg1 transglutaminase 316:331 microbial transglutaminase 306:331 microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) 306:340 Textural and microstructural properties of composite gels (CGs), along with wheat flour and high amylose corn starch (Hylon VII) mixed with microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) at different levels and temperatures were investigated. 28557021 12 30 theme emergency 1818:1826 arg1 conditions 1828:1837 the emergency conditions 1814:1837 the emergency conditions like as floods or earthquake 1814:1866 Moreover, long shelf-life noodle/pasta products have become popular in the Japanese market and in the emergency conditions like as floods or earthquake, but they can be stored for at least 5 months by applying heat treatment at 95C. 28557021 5 31 theme starch 857:862 arg1 % 846:846 15% 844:846 15% of Hylon starch 844:862 By adding MTGase to the CG, the lowest peak viscosity and final viscosity were found for 15% of Hylon starch. 28557021 5 31 theme starch 857:862 arg1 starch 857:862 Hylon starch 851:862 Hylon starch 851:862 By adding MTGase to the CG, the lowest peak viscosity and final viscosity were found for 15% of Hylon starch. 28557021 0 32 from Effects 0:6 arg1 properties 103:112 the textural and microstructural properties 70:112 the textural and microstructural properties of wheat flour composite gels at high temperatures 70:163 Effects of high amylose corn starch and microbial transglutaminase on the textural and microstructural properties of wheat flour composite gels at high temperatures. 28557021 6 33 theme water 911:915 arg1 index 928:932 the more water solubility index 902:932 the more water solubility index 902:932 As the more Hylon content in the CG, the more water solubility index was particularly obtained at high temperature. 28557021 6 33 theme water 911:915 arg1 content 883:889 the more Hylon content 868:889 the more Hylon content in the CG 868:899 As the more Hylon content in the CG, the more water solubility index was particularly obtained at high temperature. 28557021 13 34 from components 2082:2091 arg1 systems 2119:2125 the composite gel (CG) systems 2096:2125 the composite gel (CG) systems 2096:2125 Here, high amylose corn starch as a resistant starch, wheat flour, and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) were selected as the main components in the composite gel (CG) systems to elucidate the effects of MTGase and Hylon on the texture, microstructure, and pasting behavior of CGs at high temperatures to produce long-life noodle/pasta products (about 2 years) through retort processing. 28557021 13 35 theme long-life 2264:2272 arg1 years 2305:2309 about 2 years 2297:2309 about 2 years 2297:2309 Here, high amylose corn starch as a resistant starch, wheat flour, and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) were selected as the main components in the composite gel (CG) systems to elucidate the effects of MTGase and Hylon on the texture, microstructure, and pasting behavior of CGs at high temperatures to produce long-life noodle/pasta products (about 2 years) through retort processing. 28557021 13 35 theme long-life 2264:2272 arg1 products 2287:2294 long-life noodle/pasta products 2264:2294 long-life noodle/pasta products (about 2 years) 2264:2310 Here, high amylose corn starch as a resistant starch, wheat flour, and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) were selected as the main components in the composite gel (CG) systems to elucidate the effects of MTGase and Hylon on the texture, microstructure, and pasting behavior of CGs at high temperatures to produce long-life noodle/pasta products (about 2 years) through retort processing. 28557021 10 36 theme stronger 1368:1375 arg1 network 1397:1403 tighter, stronger, and denser protein network 1359:1403 tighter, stronger, and denser protein network which were formed by MTGase cross-linking within the network of starch and proteins 1359:1487 Therefore, the increment of Hylon to the CG gels supplied tighter, stronger, and denser protein network which were formed by MTGase cross-linking within the network of starch and proteins. 28557021 1 37 theme high 258:261 arg1 starch 276:281 high amylose corn starch 258:281 high amylose corn starch (Hylon VII) mixed with microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) at different levels and temperatures 258:377 Textural and microstructural properties of composite gels (CGs), along with wheat flour and high amylose corn starch (Hylon VII) mixed with microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) at different levels and temperatures were investigated. 28557021 1 37 theme high 258:261 arg1 VII 290:292 Hylon VII 284:292 Hylon VII 284:292 Textural and microstructural properties of composite gels (CGs), along with wheat flour and high amylose corn starch (Hylon VII) mixed with microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) at different levels and temperatures were investigated. 28557021 13 38 theme CGs 2228:2230 arg1 microstructure 2188:2201 microstructure 2188:2201 microstructure 2188:2201 Here, high amylose corn starch as a resistant starch, wheat flour, and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) were selected as the main components in the composite gel (CG) systems to elucidate the effects of MTGase and Hylon on the texture, microstructure, and pasting behavior of CGs at high temperatures to produce long-life noodle/pasta products (about 2 years) through retort processing. 28557021 13 38 theme CGs 2228:2230 arg1 texture 2179:2185 the texture 2175:2185 the texture 2175:2185 Here, high amylose corn starch as a resistant starch, wheat flour, and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) were selected as the main components in the composite gel (CG) systems to elucidate the effects of MTGase and Hylon on the texture, microstructure, and pasting behavior of CGs at high temperatures to produce long-life noodle/pasta products (about 2 years) through retort processing. 28557021 13 38 theme CGs 2228:2230 arg1 behavior 2216:2223 pasting behavior 2208:2223 pasting behavior 2208:2223 Here, high amylose corn starch as a resistant starch, wheat flour, and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) were selected as the main components in the composite gel (CG) systems to elucidate the effects of MTGase and Hylon on the texture, microstructure, and pasting behavior of CGs at high temperatures to produce long-life noodle/pasta products (about 2 years) through retort processing. 28557021 4 39 theme high 736:739 arg1 temperatures 741:752 high temperatures 736:752 high temperatures 736:752 Moreover, MTGase had more effect on the firmness and provided more cross-linked intermolecular gel structures at high temperatures. 28557021 0 40 theme high 11:14 arg1 starch 29:34 high amylose corn starch 11:34 high amylose corn starch 11:34 Effects of high amylose corn starch and microbial transglutaminase on the textural and microstructural properties of wheat flour composite gels at high temperatures. 28557021 1 41 theme corn 271:274 arg1 starch 276:281 high amylose corn starch 258:281 high amylose corn starch (Hylon VII) mixed with microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) at different levels and temperatures 258:377 Textural and microstructural properties of composite gels (CGs), along with wheat flour and high amylose corn starch (Hylon VII) mixed with microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) at different levels and temperatures were investigated. 28557021 1 41 theme corn 271:274 arg1 VII 290:292 Hylon VII 284:292 Hylon VII 284:292 Textural and microstructural properties of composite gels (CGs), along with wheat flour and high amylose corn starch (Hylon VII) mixed with microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) at different levels and temperatures were investigated. 28557021 13 42 theme high 2235:2238 arg1 temperatures 2240:2251 high temperatures 2235:2251 high temperatures 2235:2251 Here, high amylose corn starch as a resistant starch, wheat flour, and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) were selected as the main components in the composite gel (CG) systems to elucidate the effects of MTGase and Hylon on the texture, microstructure, and pasting behavior of CGs at high temperatures to produce long-life noodle/pasta products (about 2 years) through retort processing. 28557021 10 43 theme protein 1389:1395 arg1 network 1397:1403 tighter, stronger, and denser protein network 1359:1403 tighter, stronger, and denser protein network which were formed by MTGase cross-linking within the network of starch and proteins 1359:1487 Therefore, the increment of Hylon to the CG gels supplied tighter, stronger, and denser protein network which were formed by MTGase cross-linking within the network of starch and proteins. 28557021 0 44 theme corn 24:27 arg1 starch 29:34 high amylose corn starch 11:34 high amylose corn starch 11:34 Effects of high amylose corn starch and microbial transglutaminase on the textural and microstructural properties of wheat flour composite gels at high temperatures. 28557021 2 45 theme starch 437:442 arg1 content 444:450 Hylon starch content 431:450 Hylon starch content 431:450 The results showed by increasing Hylon starch content, the firmness increased and adhesiveness decreased. 28557021 6 46 from content 883:889 arg1 CG 898:899 the CG 894:899 the CG 894:899 As the more Hylon content in the CG, the more water solubility index was particularly obtained at high temperature. 28557021 9 47 theme gels 1295:1298 arg1 structure 1270:1278 the overall structure 1258:1278 the overall structure of the samples gels 1258:1298 Consequently, MTGase treated gels can withstand high temperature as well as maintain the overall structure of the samples gels. 28557021 12 48 theme noodle/pasta 1742:1753 arg1 products 1755:1762 long shelf-life noodle/pasta products 1726:1762 long shelf-life noodle/pasta products 1726:1762 Moreover, long shelf-life noodle/pasta products have become popular in the Japanese market and in the emergency conditions like as floods or earthquake, but they can be stored for at least 5 months by applying heat treatment at 95C. 28557021 12 49 theme shelf-life 1731:1740 arg1 products 1755:1762 long shelf-life noodle/pasta products 1726:1762 long shelf-life noodle/pasta products 1726:1762 Moreover, long shelf-life noodle/pasta products have become popular in the Japanese market and in the emergency conditions like as floods or earthquake, but they can be stored for at least 5 months by applying heat treatment at 95C. 28557021 11 50 theme PRACTICAL 1490:1498 arg1 APPLICATIONS 1500:1511 PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS 1490:1511 PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Although, transglutaminase was practically used in the production of noodles and pasta in Japan 1490:1607 PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Although, transglutaminase was practically used in the production of noodles and pasta in Japan, but there is little academic and industrial knowledge concerning its utilization in the pasta or noodles. 28557021 13 51 theme microbial 2020:2028 arg1 transglutaminase 2030:2045 microbial transglutaminase 2020:2045 microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) 2020:2054 Here, high amylose corn starch as a resistant starch, wheat flour, and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) were selected as the main components in the composite gel (CG) systems to elucidate the effects of MTGase and Hylon on the texture, microstructure, and pasting behavior of CGs at high temperatures to produce long-life noodle/pasta products (about 2 years) through retort processing. 28557021 13 51 theme microbial 2020:2028 arg1 MTGase 2048:2053 MTGase 2048:2053 MTGase 2048:2053 Here, high amylose corn starch as a resistant starch, wheat flour, and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) were selected as the main components in the composite gel (CG) systems to elucidate the effects of MTGase and Hylon on the texture, microstructure, and pasting behavior of CGs at high temperatures to produce long-life noodle/pasta products (about 2 years) through retort processing. 28557021 8 52 from differences 1097:1107 arg1 SEM 1112:1114 SEM 1112:1114 SEM of CG 1112:1120 The differences in SEM of CG were reflected the pasting properties of the gels. 28557021 4 53 contain had 640:642 arg2 effect 649:654 more effect 644:654 more effect 644:654 Moreover, MTGase had more effect on the firmness and provided more cross-linked intermolecular gel structures at high temperatures. 28557021 4 53 contain had 640:642 arg1 MTGase 633:638 MTGase 633:638 MTGase 633:638 Moreover, MTGase had more effect on the firmness and provided more cross-linked intermolecular gel structures at high temperatures. 28557021 9 54 theme high 1221:1224 arg1 temperature 1226:1236 high temperature 1221:1236 high temperature 1221:1236 Consequently, MTGase treated gels can withstand high temperature as well as maintain the overall structure of the samples gels. 28557021 9 55 theme samples 1287:1293 arg1 gels 1295:1298 the samples gels 1283:1298 the samples gels 1283:1298 Consequently, MTGase treated gels can withstand high temperature as well as maintain the overall structure of the samples gels. 28557021 7 56 theme starch 1053:1058 arg1 addition 1060:1067 Hylon starch addition 1047:1067 Hylon starch addition 1047:1067 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that MTGase and Hylon starch addition enhanced the structure. 28557021 10 57 theme MTGase 1426:1431 arg1 cross-linking 1433:1445 MTGase cross-linking 1426:1445 MTGase cross-linking 1426:1445 Therefore, the increment of Hylon to the CG gels supplied tighter, stronger, and denser protein network which were formed by MTGase cross-linking within the network of starch and proteins. 28557021 13 58 theme wheat 2003:2007 arg1 flour 2009:2013 wheat flour 2003:2013 wheat flour 2003:2013 Here, high amylose corn starch as a resistant starch, wheat flour, and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) were selected as the main components in the composite gel (CG) systems to elucidate the effects of MTGase and Hylon on the texture, microstructure, and pasting behavior of CGs at high temperatures to produce long-life noodle/pasta products (about 2 years) through retort processing. 28557021 0 59 from temperatures 152:163 arg1 gels 139:142 wheat flour composite gels 117:142 wheat flour composite gels at high temperatures 117:163 Effects of high amylose corn starch and microbial transglutaminase on the textural and microstructural properties of wheat flour composite gels at high temperatures. 28557021 0 59 from temperatures 152:163 arg1 properties 103:112 the textural and microstructural properties 70:112 the textural and microstructural properties of wheat flour composite gels at high temperatures 70:163 Effects of high amylose corn starch and microbial transglutaminase on the textural and microstructural properties of wheat flour composite gels at high temperatures. 28557021 10 60 theme proteins 1480:1487 arg1 network 1458:1464 the network 1454:1464 the network of starch and proteins 1454:1487 Therefore, the increment of Hylon to the CG gels supplied tighter, stronger, and denser protein network which were formed by MTGase cross-linking within the network of starch and proteins. 28557021 1 61 theme flour 248:252 arg1 properties 195:204 Textural and microstructural properties 166:204 Textural and microstructural properties of composite gels (CGs), along with wheat flour and high amylose corn starch (Hylon VII) mixed with microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) at different levels and temperatures 166:377 Textural and microstructural properties of composite gels (CGs), along with wheat flour and high amylose corn starch (Hylon VII) mixed with microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) at different levels and temperatures were investigated. 28557021 4 62 link cross-linked 690:701 arg1 structures 722:731 more cross-linked intermolecular gel structures 685:731 more cross-linked intermolecular gel structures 685:731 Moreover, MTGase had more effect on the firmness and provided more cross-linked intermolecular gel structures at high temperatures. 28557021 10 63 theme starch 1469:1474 arg1 network 1458:1464 the network 1454:1464 the network of starch and proteins 1454:1487 Therefore, the increment of Hylon to the CG gels supplied tighter, stronger, and denser protein network which were formed by MTGase cross-linking within the network of starch and proteins. 28557021 11 64 theme pasta 1594:1598 arg1 production 1568:1577 the production 1564:1577 the production of noodles and pasta in Japan 1564:1607 PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Although, transglutaminase was practically used in the production of noodles and pasta in Japan, but there is little academic and industrial knowledge concerning its utilization in the pasta or noodles. 28557021 13 65 theme retort 2320:2325 arg1 processing 2327:2336 retort processing 2320:2336 retort processing 2320:2336 Here, high amylose corn starch as a resistant starch, wheat flour, and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) were selected as the main components in the composite gel (CG) systems to elucidate the effects of MTGase and Hylon on the texture, microstructure, and pasting behavior of CGs at high temperatures to produce long-life noodle/pasta products (about 2 years) through retort processing. 28557021 13 66 theme Hylon 2166:2170 arg1 effects 2144:2150 the effects 2140:2150 the effects of MTGase and Hylon on the texture, microstructure, and pasting behavior of CGs at high temperatures 2140:2251 Here, high amylose corn starch as a resistant starch, wheat flour, and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) were selected as the main components in the composite gel (CG) systems to elucidate the effects of MTGase and Hylon on the texture, microstructure, and pasting behavior of CGs at high temperatures to produce long-life noodle/pasta products (about 2 years) through retort processing. 28557021 1 67 theme Textural 166:173 arg1 properties 195:204 Textural and microstructural properties 166:204 Textural and microstructural properties of composite gels (CGs), along with wheat flour and high amylose corn starch (Hylon VII) mixed with microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) at different levels and temperatures 166:377 Textural and microstructural properties of composite gels (CGs), along with wheat flour and high amylose corn starch (Hylon VII) mixed with microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) at different levels and temperatures were investigated. 28557021 11 68 from production 1568:1577 arg1 Japan 1603:1607 Japan 1603:1607 Japan 1603:1607 PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Although, transglutaminase was practically used in the production of noodles and pasta in Japan, but there is little academic and industrial knowledge concerning its utilization in the pasta or noodles. 28557021 11 69 dep APPLICATIONS 1500:1511 arg1 used 1556:1559 used 1556:1559 was practically used in the production of noodles and pasta in Japan 1540:1607 PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Although, transglutaminase was practically used in the production of noodles and pasta in Japan, but there is little academic and industrial knowledge concerning its utilization in the pasta or noodles. 28557021 11 70 theme noodles 1582:1588 arg1 production 1568:1577 the production 1564:1577 the production of noodles and pasta in Japan 1564:1607 PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Although, transglutaminase was practically used in the production of noodles and pasta in Japan, but there is little academic and industrial knowledge concerning its utilization in the pasta or noodles. 28557021 3 71 theme cross-linking 538:550 arg1 level 517:521 high level 512:521 high level of amylose and cross-linking formed by MTGase 512:567 Indeed, high level of amylose and cross-linking formed by MTGase enhanced the gel elasticity and reduced adhesiveness. 28557021 1 72 theme microstructural 179:193 arg1 properties 195:204 Textural and microstructural properties 166:204 Textural and microstructural properties of composite gels (CGs), along with wheat flour and high amylose corn starch (Hylon VII) mixed with microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) at different levels and temperatures 166:377 Textural and microstructural properties of composite gels (CGs), along with wheat flour and high amylose corn starch (Hylon VII) mixed with microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) at different levels and temperatures were investigated. 28557021 11 73 used used 1556:1559 arg2 transglutaminase 1523:1538 transglutaminase 1523:1538 transglutaminase 1523:1538 PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Although, transglutaminase was practically used in the production of noodles and pasta in Japan, but there is little academic and industrial knowledge concerning its utilization in the pasta or noodles. 28557021 6 74 theme more 906:909 arg1 index 928:932 the more water solubility index 902:932 the more water solubility index 902:932 As the more Hylon content in the CG, the more water solubility index was particularly obtained at high temperature. 28557021 6 74 theme more 906:909 arg1 content 883:889 the more Hylon content 868:889 the more Hylon content in the CG 868:899 As the more Hylon content in the CG, the more water solubility index was particularly obtained at high temperature. 28557021 0 75 theme flour 123:127 arg1 gels 139:142 wheat flour composite gels 117:142 wheat flour composite gels at high temperatures 117:163 Effects of high amylose corn starch and microbial transglutaminase on the textural and microstructural properties of wheat flour composite gels at high temperatures. 28557021 3 76 theme amylose 526:532 arg1 level 517:521 high level 512:521 high level of amylose and cross-linking formed by MTGase 512:567 Indeed, high level of amylose and cross-linking formed by MTGase enhanced the gel elasticity and reduced adhesiveness. 28557021 13 77 theme noodle/pasta 2274:2285 arg1 years 2305:2309 about 2 years 2297:2309 about 2 years 2297:2309 Here, high amylose corn starch as a resistant starch, wheat flour, and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) were selected as the main components in the composite gel (CG) systems to elucidate the effects of MTGase and Hylon on the texture, microstructure, and pasting behavior of CGs at high temperatures to produce long-life noodle/pasta products (about 2 years) through retort processing. 28557021 13 77 theme noodle/pasta 2274:2285 arg1 products 2287:2294 long-life noodle/pasta products 2264:2294 long-life noodle/pasta products (about 2 years) 2264:2310 Here, high amylose corn starch as a resistant starch, wheat flour, and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) were selected as the main components in the composite gel (CG) systems to elucidate the effects of MTGase and Hylon on the texture, microstructure, and pasting behavior of CGs at high temperatures to produce long-life noodle/pasta products (about 2 years) through retort processing. 28557021 11 78 from utilization 1679:1689 arg1 pasta 1698:1702 the pasta 1694:1702 the pasta 1694:1702 PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Although, transglutaminase was practically used in the production of noodles and pasta in Japan, but there is little academic and industrial knowledge concerning its utilization in the pasta or noodles. 28557021 7 79 theme microscopy 999:1008 arg1 results 1016:1022 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results 981:1022 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results 981:1022 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that MTGase and Hylon starch addition enhanced the structure. 28557021 13 80 theme resistant 1985:1993 arg1 starch 1995:2000 a resistant starch 1983:2000 a resistant starch 1983:2000 Here, high amylose corn starch as a resistant starch, wheat flour, and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) were selected as the main components in the composite gel (CG) systems to elucidate the effects of MTGase and Hylon on the texture, microstructure, and pasting behavior of CGs at high temperatures to produce long-life noodle/pasta products (about 2 years) through retort processing. 28557021 5 81 theme final 813:817 arg1 viscosity 819:827 final viscosity 813:827 final viscosity 813:827 By adding MTGase to the CG, the lowest peak viscosity and final viscosity were found for 15% of Hylon starch. 28557021 7 82 theme Scanning 981:988 arg1 SEM 1011:1013 SEM 1011:1013 SEM 1011:1013 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that MTGase and Hylon starch addition enhanced the structure. 28557021 7 82 theme Scanning 981:988 arg1 microscopy 999:1008 Scanning electron microscopy 981:1008 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results 981:1022 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that MTGase and Hylon starch addition enhanced the structure. 28557021 13 83 theme CG 2115:2116 arg1 systems 2119:2125 the composite gel (CG) systems 2096:2125 the composite gel (CG) systems 2096:2125 Here, high amylose corn starch as a resistant starch, wheat flour, and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) were selected as the main components in the composite gel (CG) systems to elucidate the effects of MTGase and Hylon on the texture, microstructure, and pasting behavior of CGs at high temperatures to produce long-life noodle/pasta products (about 2 years) through retort processing. 28557021 9 84 theme MTGase 1187:1192 arg1 gels 1202:1205 MTGase treated gels 1187:1205 MTGase treated gels 1187:1205 Consequently, MTGase treated gels can withstand high temperature as well as maintain the overall structure of the samples gels. 28557021 6 85 theme high 963:966 arg1 temperature 968:978 high temperature 963:978 high temperature 963:978 As the more Hylon content in the CG, the more water solubility index was particularly obtained at high temperature. 28557021 4 86 theme cross-linked 690:701 arg1 structures 722:731 more cross-linked intermolecular gel structures 685:731 more cross-linked intermolecular gel structures 685:731 Moreover, MTGase had more effect on the firmness and provided more cross-linked intermolecular gel structures at high temperatures. 28557021 3 87 theme gel 582:584 arg1 elasticity 586:595 the gel elasticity 578:595 the gel elasticity 578:595 Indeed, high level of amylose and cross-linking formed by MTGase enhanced the gel elasticity and reduced adhesiveness. 28557021 12 88 from conditions 1828:1837 arg1 popular 1776:1782 popular 1776:1782 popular 1776:1782 Moreover, long shelf-life noodle/pasta products have become popular in the Japanese market and in the emergency conditions like as floods or earthquake, but they can be stored for at least 5 months by applying heat treatment at 95C. 28557021 12 89 theme heat 1926:1929 arg1 treatment 1931:1939 heat treatment 1926:1939 heat treatment 1926:1939 Moreover, long shelf-life noodle/pasta products have become popular in the Japanese market and in the emergency conditions like as floods or earthquake, but they can be stored for at least 5 months by applying heat treatment at 95C. 28557021 11 90 theme industrial 1643:1652 arg1 knowledge 1654:1662 industrial knowledge 1643:1662 industrial knowledge concerning its utilization in the pasta or noodles 1643:1713 PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Although, transglutaminase was practically used in the production of noodles and pasta in Japan, but there is little academic and industrial knowledge concerning its utilization in the pasta or noodles. 28557021 0 91 theme textural 74:81 arg1 properties 103:112 the textural and microstructural properties 70:112 the textural and microstructural properties of wheat flour composite gels at high temperatures 70:163 Effects of high amylose corn starch and microbial transglutaminase on the textural and microstructural properties of wheat flour composite gels at high temperatures. 28557021 5 92 theme Hylon 851:855 arg1 starch 857:862 Hylon starch 851:862 Hylon starch 851:862 By adding MTGase to the CG, the lowest peak viscosity and final viscosity were found for 15% of Hylon starch. 28557021 11 93 dep little 1623:1628 arg1 academic 1630:1637 academic 1630:1637 academic 1630:1637 PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Although, transglutaminase was practically used in the production of noodles and pasta in Japan, but there is little academic and industrial knowledge concerning its utilization in the pasta or noodles. 28557021 13 94 from temperatures 2240:2251 arg1 microstructure 2188:2201 microstructure 2188:2201 microstructure 2188:2201 Here, high amylose corn starch as a resistant starch, wheat flour, and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) were selected as the main components in the composite gel (CG) systems to elucidate the effects of MTGase and Hylon on the texture, microstructure, and pasting behavior of CGs at high temperatures to produce long-life noodle/pasta products (about 2 years) through retort processing. 28557021 13 94 from temperatures 2240:2251 arg1 texture 2179:2185 the texture 2175:2185 the texture 2175:2185 Here, high amylose corn starch as a resistant starch, wheat flour, and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) were selected as the main components in the composite gel (CG) systems to elucidate the effects of MTGase and Hylon on the texture, microstructure, and pasting behavior of CGs at high temperatures to produce long-life noodle/pasta products (about 2 years) through retort processing. 28557021 13 94 from temperatures 2240:2251 arg1 behavior 2216:2223 pasting behavior 2208:2223 pasting behavior 2208:2223 Here, high amylose corn starch as a resistant starch, wheat flour, and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) were selected as the main components in the composite gel (CG) systems to elucidate the effects of MTGase and Hylon on the texture, microstructure, and pasting behavior of CGs at high temperatures to produce long-life noodle/pasta products (about 2 years) through retort processing. 28557021 0 95 theme microstructural 87:101 arg1 properties 103:112 the textural and microstructural properties 70:112 the textural and microstructural properties of wheat flour composite gels at high temperatures 70:163 Effects of high amylose corn starch and microbial transglutaminase on the textural and microstructural properties of wheat flour composite gels at high temperatures. 28557021 13 96 theme high 1955:1958 arg1 starch 1973:1978 high amylose corn starch 1955:1978 high amylose corn starch as a resistant starch, wheat flour, and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) 1955:2054 Here, high amylose corn starch as a resistant starch, wheat flour, and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) were selected as the main components in the composite gel (CG) systems to elucidate the effects of MTGase and Hylon on the texture, microstructure, and pasting behavior of CGs at high temperatures to produce long-life noodle/pasta products (about 2 years) through retort processing. 28557021 13 96 theme high 1955:1958 arg1 components 2082:2091 the main components 2073:2091 the main components in the composite gel (CG) systems 2073:2125 Here, high amylose corn starch as a resistant starch, wheat flour, and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) were selected as the main components in the composite gel (CG) systems to elucidate the effects of MTGase and Hylon on the texture, microstructure, and pasting behavior of CGs at high temperatures to produce long-life noodle/pasta products (about 2 years) through retort processing. 28557021 6 97 theme solubility 917:926 arg1 index 928:932 the more water solubility index 902:932 the more water solubility index 902:932 As the more Hylon content in the CG, the more water solubility index was particularly obtained at high temperature. 28557021 6 97 theme solubility 917:926 arg1 content 883:889 the more Hylon content 868:889 the more Hylon content in the CG 868:899 As the more Hylon content in the CG, the more water solubility index was particularly obtained at high temperature. 28557021 10 98 theme CG 1342:1343 arg1 gels 1345:1348 the CG gels 1338:1348 the CG gels 1338:1348 Therefore, the increment of Hylon to the CG gels supplied tighter, stronger, and denser protein network which were formed by MTGase cross-linking within the network of starch and proteins. 28557021 13 99 theme gel 2110:2112 arg1 systems 2119:2125 the composite gel (CG) systems 2096:2125 the composite gel (CG) systems 2096:2125 Here, high amylose corn starch as a resistant starch, wheat flour, and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) were selected as the main components in the composite gel (CG) systems to elucidate the effects of MTGase and Hylon on the texture, microstructure, and pasting behavior of CGs at high temperatures to produce long-life noodle/pasta products (about 2 years) through retort processing. 28557021 13 100 theme MTGase 2155:2160 arg1 effects 2144:2150 the effects 2140:2150 the effects of MTGase and Hylon on the texture, microstructure, and pasting behavior of CGs at high temperatures 2140:2251 Here, high amylose corn starch as a resistant starch, wheat flour, and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) were selected as the main components in the composite gel (CG) systems to elucidate the effects of MTGase and Hylon on the texture, microstructure, and pasting behavior of CGs at high temperatures to produce long-life noodle/pasta products (about 2 years) through retort processing. 28557021 12 101 from market 1800:1805 arg1 popular 1776:1782 popular 1776:1782 popular 1776:1782 Moreover, long shelf-life noodle/pasta products have become popular in the Japanese market and in the emergency conditions like as floods or earthquake, but they can be stored for at least 5 months by applying heat treatment at 95C. 28557021 0 102 theme gels 139:142 arg1 properties 103:112 the textural and microstructural properties 70:112 the textural and microstructural properties of wheat flour composite gels at high temperatures 70:163 Effects of high amylose corn starch and microbial transglutaminase on the textural and microstructural properties of wheat flour composite gels at high temperatures. 28557021 4 103 theme gel 718:720 arg1 structures 722:731 more cross-linked intermolecular gel structures 685:731 more cross-linked intermolecular gel structures 685:731 Moreover, MTGase had more effect on the firmness and provided more cross-linked intermolecular gel structures at high temperatures. 28557021 0 104 theme amylose 16:22 arg1 starch 29:34 high amylose corn starch 11:34 high amylose corn starch 11:34 Effects of high amylose corn starch and microbial transglutaminase on the textural and microstructural properties of wheat flour composite gels at high temperatures. 28557021 1 105 theme amylose 263:269 arg1 starch 276:281 high amylose corn starch 258:281 high amylose corn starch (Hylon VII) mixed with microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) at different levels and temperatures 258:377 Textural and microstructural properties of composite gels (CGs), along with wheat flour and high amylose corn starch (Hylon VII) mixed with microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) at different levels and temperatures were investigated. 28557021 1 105 theme amylose 263:269 arg1 VII 290:292 Hylon VII 284:292 Hylon VII 284:292 Textural and microstructural properties of composite gels (CGs), along with wheat flour and high amylose corn starch (Hylon VII) mixed with microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) at different levels and temperatures were investigated. 28557021 0 106 theme starch 29:34 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of high amylose corn starch and microbial transglutaminase on the textural and microstructural properties of wheat flour composite gels at high temperatures. 0:164 Effects of high amylose corn starch and microbial transglutaminase on the textural and microstructural properties of wheat flour composite gels at high temperatures. 28557021 1 107 theme starch 276:281 arg1 properties 195:204 Textural and microstructural properties 166:204 Textural and microstructural properties of composite gels (CGs), along with wheat flour and high amylose corn starch (Hylon VII) mixed with microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) at different levels and temperatures 166:377 Textural and microstructural properties of composite gels (CGs), along with wheat flour and high amylose corn starch (Hylon VII) mixed with microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) at different levels and temperatures were investigated. 28557021 12 108 theme Japanese 1791:1798 arg1 market 1800:1805 the Japanese market 1787:1805 the Japanese market 1787:1805 Moreover, long shelf-life noodle/pasta products have become popular in the Japanese market and in the emergency conditions like as floods or earthquake, but they can be stored for at least 5 months by applying heat treatment at 95C. 28557021 1 109 theme gels 219:222 arg1 properties 195:204 Textural and microstructural properties 166:204 Textural and microstructural properties of composite gels (CGs), along with wheat flour and high amylose corn starch (Hylon VII) mixed with microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) at different levels and temperatures 166:377 Textural and microstructural properties of composite gels (CGs), along with wheat flour and high amylose corn starch (Hylon VII) mixed with microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) at different levels and temperatures were investigated. 28557021 10 110 theme denser 1382:1387 arg1 network 1397:1403 tighter, stronger, and denser protein network 1359:1403 tighter, stronger, and denser protein network which were formed by MTGase cross-linking within the network of starch and proteins 1359:1487 Therefore, the increment of Hylon to the CG gels supplied tighter, stronger, and denser protein network which were formed by MTGase cross-linking within the network of starch and proteins. 28557021 13 111 from effects 2144:2150 arg1 microstructure 2188:2201 microstructure 2188:2201 microstructure 2188:2201 Here, high amylose corn starch as a resistant starch, wheat flour, and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) were selected as the main components in the composite gel (CG) systems to elucidate the effects of MTGase and Hylon on the texture, microstructure, and pasting behavior of CGs at high temperatures to produce long-life noodle/pasta products (about 2 years) through retort processing. 28557021 13 111 from effects 2144:2150 arg1 texture 2179:2185 the texture 2175:2185 the texture 2175:2185 Here, high amylose corn starch as a resistant starch, wheat flour, and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) were selected as the main components in the composite gel (CG) systems to elucidate the effects of MTGase and Hylon on the texture, microstructure, and pasting behavior of CGs at high temperatures to produce long-life noodle/pasta products (about 2 years) through retort processing. 28557021 13 111 from effects 2144:2150 arg1 behavior 2216:2223 pasting behavior 2208:2223 pasting behavior 2208:2223 Here, high amylose corn starch as a resistant starch, wheat flour, and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) were selected as the main components in the composite gel (CG) systems to elucidate the effects of MTGase and Hylon on the texture, microstructure, and pasting behavior of CGs at high temperatures to produce long-life noodle/pasta products (about 2 years) through retort processing. 28557021 0 112 theme microbial 40:48 arg1 transglutaminase 50:65 microbial transglutaminase 40:65 microbial transglutaminase 40:65 Effects of high amylose corn starch and microbial transglutaminase on the textural and microstructural properties of wheat flour composite gels at high temperatures. 28557021 1 113 theme Hylon 284:288 arg1 starch 276:281 high amylose corn starch 258:281 high amylose corn starch (Hylon VII) mixed with microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) at different levels and temperatures 258:377 Textural and microstructural properties of composite gels (CGs), along with wheat flour and high amylose corn starch (Hylon VII) mixed with microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) at different levels and temperatures were investigated. 28557021 1 113 theme Hylon 284:288 arg1 VII 290:292 Hylon VII 284:292 Hylon VII 284:292 Textural and microstructural properties of composite gels (CGs), along with wheat flour and high amylose corn starch (Hylon VII) mixed with microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) at different levels and temperatures were investigated. 28557021 13 114 theme pasting 2208:2214 arg1 behavior 2216:2223 pasting behavior 2208:2223 pasting behavior 2208:2223 Here, high amylose corn starch as a resistant starch, wheat flour, and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) were selected as the main components in the composite gel (CG) systems to elucidate the effects of MTGase and Hylon on the texture, microstructure, and pasting behavior of CGs at high temperatures to produce long-life noodle/pasta products (about 2 years) through retort processing. 28557021 2 115 theme Hylon 431:435 arg1 content 444:450 Hylon starch content 431:450 Hylon starch content 431:450 The results showed by increasing Hylon starch content, the firmness increased and adhesiveness decreased. 28557021 12 116 theme long 1726:1729 arg1 products 1755:1762 long shelf-life noodle/pasta products 1726:1762 long shelf-life noodle/pasta products 1726:1762 Moreover, long shelf-life noodle/pasta products have become popular in the Japanese market and in the emergency conditions like as floods or earthquake, but they can be stored for at least 5 months by applying heat treatment at 95C. 27826743 0 0 theme mechanical 82:91 arg1 properties 93:102 the mechanical properties 78:102 the mechanical properties of the HPMC-γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposites 78:137 An eco-friendly route of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles formation and investigation of the mechanical properties of the HPMC-γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposites. 27826743 1 1 theme biosynthetic 157:168 arg1 approaches 170:179 biosynthetic approaches 157:179 biosynthetic approaches toward the synthesis of nanoparticles 157:217 In recent times, biosynthetic approaches toward the synthesis of nanoparticles have been shown to have several advantages over physical and chemical methods. 27826743 7 2 theme agglomerated 952:963 arg1 nanoparticles 973:985 the agglomerated γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles 948:985 the agglomerated γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles 948:985 The mechanical effect of the agglomerated γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles into the HPMC polymer matrix was also investigated. 27826743 5 3 theme microscopic 837:847 arg1 analysis 849:856 spectral and electron microscopic analysis 815:856 spectral and electron microscopic analysis 815:856 Characterization of the biosynthesized γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles and HPMC-γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposite films were done by the different types of spectral and electron microscopic analysis. 27826743 6 4 theme nanoparticles 883:895 arg1 size 863:866 The size 859:866 The size of the γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles 859:895 The size of the γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles ranges from 75 to 650 nm. 27826743 3 5 theme nanoparticles 513:525 arg1 formation 478:486 the formation 474:486 the formation of highly stable γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles 474:525 The fungal biomass when exposed to aqueous iron(III) chloride solution led to the formation of highly stable γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles extracellularly. 27826743 1 6 theme physical 267:274 arg1 methods 289:295 physical and chemical methods 267:295 physical and chemical methods 267:295 In recent times, biosynthetic approaches toward the synthesis of nanoparticles have been shown to have several advantages over physical and chemical methods. 27826743 5 7 theme biosynthesized 705:718 arg1 nanoparticles 728:740 the biosynthesized γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles 701:740 the biosynthesized γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles 701:740 Characterization of the biosynthesized γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles and HPMC-γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposite films were done by the different types of spectral and electron microscopic analysis. 27826743 6 8 theme γ-Fe2O3 875:881 arg1 nanoparticles 883:895 the γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles 871:895 the γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles 871:895 The size of the γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles ranges from 75 to 650 nm. 27826743 4 9 theme hydroxyl 625:632 arg1 cellulose 648:656 hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose 625:656 hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose 625:656 The influence of these biosynthesized γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles on the properties of hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose was also investigated. 27826743 0 10 theme properties 93:102 arg1 investigation 61:73 investigation 61:73 investigation 61:73 An eco-friendly route of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles formation and investigation of the mechanical properties of the HPMC-γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposites. 27826743 0 10 theme properties 93:102 arg1 formation 47:55 formation 47:55 formation 47:55 An eco-friendly route of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles formation and investigation of the mechanical properties of the HPMC-γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposites. 27826743 5 11 theme γ-Fe2O3 720:726 arg1 nanoparticles 728:740 the biosynthesized γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles 701:740 the biosynthesized γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles 701:740 Characterization of the biosynthesized γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles and HPMC-γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposite films were done by the different types of spectral and electron microscopic analysis. 27826743 3 12 theme γ-Fe2O3 505:511 arg1 nanoparticles 513:525 highly stable γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles 491:525 highly stable γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles 491:525 The fungal biomass when exposed to aqueous iron(III) chloride solution led to the formation of highly stable γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles extracellularly. 27826743 1 13 theme chemical 280:287 arg1 methods 289:295 physical and chemical methods 267:295 physical and chemical methods 267:295 In recent times, biosynthetic approaches toward the synthesis of nanoparticles have been shown to have several advantages over physical and chemical methods. 27826743 0 14 theme HPMC-γ-Fe2O3 111:122 arg1 nanocomposites 124:137 the HPMC-γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposites 107:137 the HPMC-γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposites 107:137 An eco-friendly route of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles formation and investigation of the mechanical properties of the HPMC-γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposites. 27826743 7 15 theme mechanical 927:936 arg1 effect 938:943 The mechanical effect 923:943 The mechanical effect of the agglomerated γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles into the HPMC polymer matrix 923:1014 The mechanical effect of the agglomerated γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles into the HPMC polymer matrix was also investigated. 27826743 5 16 theme analysis 849:856 arg1 types 806:810 the different types 792:810 the different types of spectral and electron microscopic analysis 792:856 Characterization of the biosynthesized γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles and HPMC-γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposite films were done by the different types of spectral and electron microscopic analysis. 27826743 3 17 theme chloride 449:456 arg1 solution 458:465 aqueous iron(III) chloride solution 431:465 aqueous iron(III) chloride solution 431:465 The fungal biomass when exposed to aqueous iron(III) chloride solution led to the formation of highly stable γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles extracellularly. 27826743 0 18 theme eco-friendly 3:14 arg1 route 16:20 An eco-friendly route 0:20 An eco-friendly route of γ-Fe2O3 0:31 An eco-friendly route of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles formation and investigation of the mechanical properties of the HPMC-γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposites. 27826743 4 19 theme nanoparticles 590:602 arg1 influence 548:556 The influence 544:556 The influence of these biosynthesized γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles on the properties of hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose 544:656 The influence of these biosynthesized γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles on the properties of hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose was also investigated. 27826743 2 20 theme extracellular 318:330 arg1 mycosynthesis 332:344 the extracellular mycosynthesis 314:344 the extracellular mycosynthesis of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles by Alternaria alternata 314:393 Here, we report the extracellular mycosynthesis of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles by Alternaria alternata. 27826743 4 21 theme γ-Fe2O3 582:588 arg1 nanoparticles 590:602 these biosynthesized γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles 561:602 these biosynthesized γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles 561:602 The influence of these biosynthesized γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles on the properties of hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose was also investigated. 27826743 7 22 theme HPMC 996:999 arg1 matrix 1009:1014 the HPMC polymer matrix 992:1014 the HPMC polymer matrix 992:1014 The mechanical effect of the agglomerated γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles into the HPMC polymer matrix was also investigated. 27826743 4 23 theme biosynthesized 567:580 arg1 nanoparticles 590:602 these biosynthesized γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles 561:602 these biosynthesized γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles 561:602 The influence of these biosynthesized γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles on the properties of hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose was also investigated. 27826743 5 24 theme films 773:777 arg1 Characterization 681:696 Characterization 681:696 Characterization of the biosynthesized γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles and HPMC-γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposite films 681:777 Characterization of the biosynthesized γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles and HPMC-γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposite films were done by the different types of spectral and electron microscopic analysis. 27826743 7 25 theme polymer 1001:1007 arg1 matrix 1009:1014 the HPMC polymer matrix 992:1014 the HPMC polymer matrix 992:1014 The mechanical effect of the agglomerated γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles into the HPMC polymer matrix was also investigated. 27826743 1 26 theme nanoparticles 205:217 arg1 synthesis 192:200 the synthesis 188:200 the synthesis of nanoparticles 188:217 In recent times, biosynthetic approaches toward the synthesis of nanoparticles have been shown to have several advantages over physical and chemical methods. 27826743 3 27 theme fungal 400:405 arg1 biomass 407:413 The fungal biomass 396:413 The fungal biomass when exposed to aqueous iron(III) chloride solution 396:465 The fungal biomass when exposed to aqueous iron(III) chloride solution led to the formation of highly stable γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles extracellularly. 27826743 0 28 theme nanocomposites 124:137 arg1 properties 93:102 the mechanical properties 78:102 the mechanical properties of the HPMC-γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposites 78:137 An eco-friendly route of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles formation and investigation of the mechanical properties of the HPMC-γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposites. 27826743 3 29 theme aqueous 431:437 arg1 solution 458:465 aqueous iron(III) chloride solution 431:465 aqueous iron(III) chloride solution 431:465 The fungal biomass when exposed to aqueous iron(III) chloride solution led to the formation of highly stable γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles extracellularly. 27826743 3 30 theme stable 498:503 arg1 nanoparticles 513:525 highly stable γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles 491:525 highly stable γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles 491:525 The fungal biomass when exposed to aqueous iron(III) chloride solution led to the formation of highly stable γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles extracellularly. 27826743 0 31 theme γ-Fe2O3 25:31 arg1 route 16:20 An eco-friendly route 0:20 An eco-friendly route of γ-Fe2O3 0:31 An eco-friendly route of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles formation and investigation of the mechanical properties of the HPMC-γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposites. 27826743 3 32 theme iron 439:442 arg1 solution 458:465 aqueous iron(III) chloride solution 431:465 aqueous iron(III) chloride solution 431:465 The fungal biomass when exposed to aqueous iron(III) chloride solution led to the formation of highly stable γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles extracellularly. 27826743 5 33 theme different 796:804 arg1 types 806:810 the different types 792:810 the different types of spectral and electron microscopic analysis 792:856 Characterization of the biosynthesized γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles and HPMC-γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposite films were done by the different types of spectral and electron microscopic analysis. 27826743 4 34 from influence 548:556 arg1 properties 611:620 the properties 607:620 the properties of hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose 607:656 The influence of these biosynthesized γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles on the properties of hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose was also investigated. 27826743 5 35 theme nanoparticles 728:740 arg1 Characterization 681:696 Characterization 681:696 Characterization of the biosynthesized γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles and HPMC-γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposite films 681:777 Characterization of the biosynthesized γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles and HPMC-γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposite films were done by the different types of spectral and electron microscopic analysis. 27826743 1 36 contain have 238:241 arg2 advantages 251:260 several advantages 243:260 several advantages 243:260 In recent times, biosynthetic approaches toward the synthesis of nanoparticles have been shown to have several advantages over physical and chemical methods. 27826743 1 36 contain have 238:241 arg1 approaches 170:179 biosynthetic approaches 157:179 biosynthetic approaches toward the synthesis of nanoparticles 157:217 In recent times, biosynthetic approaches toward the synthesis of nanoparticles have been shown to have several advantages over physical and chemical methods. 27826743 2 37 theme nanoparticles 357:369 arg1 mycosynthesis 332:344 the extracellular mycosynthesis 314:344 the extracellular mycosynthesis of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles by Alternaria alternata 314:393 Here, we report the extracellular mycosynthesis of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles by Alternaria alternata. 27826743 2 38 theme γ-Fe2O3 349:355 arg1 nanoparticles 357:369 γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles 349:369 γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles 349:369 Here, we report the extracellular mycosynthesis of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles by Alternaria alternata. 27826743 5 39 theme HPMC-γ-Fe2O3 746:757 arg1 films 773:777 HPMC-γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposite films 746:777 HPMC-γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposite films 746:777 Characterization of the biosynthesized γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles and HPMC-γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposite films were done by the different types of spectral and electron microscopic analysis. 27826743 4 40 theme methyl 641:646 arg1 cellulose 648:656 hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose 625:656 hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose 625:656 The influence of these biosynthesized γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles on the properties of hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose was also investigated. 27826743 5 41 theme nanocomposite 759:771 arg1 films 773:777 HPMC-γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposite films 746:777 HPMC-γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposite films 746:777 Characterization of the biosynthesized γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles and HPMC-γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposite films were done by the different types of spectral and electron microscopic analysis. 27826743 1 42 theme recent 143:148 arg1 times 150:154 recent times 143:154 recent times 143:154 In recent times, biosynthetic approaches toward the synthesis of nanoparticles have been shown to have several advantages over physical and chemical methods. 27826743 7 43 theme γ-Fe2O3 965:971 arg1 nanoparticles 973:985 the agglomerated γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles 948:985 the agglomerated γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles 948:985 The mechanical effect of the agglomerated γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles into the HPMC polymer matrix was also investigated. 27826743 4 44 theme propyl 634:639 arg1 cellulose 648:656 hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose 625:656 hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose 625:656 The influence of these biosynthesized γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles on the properties of hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose was also investigated. 27826743 5 45 theme spectral 815:822 arg1 analysis 849:856 spectral and electron microscopic analysis 815:856 spectral and electron microscopic analysis 815:856 Characterization of the biosynthesized γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles and HPMC-γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposite films were done by the different types of spectral and electron microscopic analysis. 27826743 2 46 theme Alternaria 374:383 arg1 alternata 385:393 Alternaria alternata 374:393 Alternaria alternata 374:393 Here, we report the extracellular mycosynthesis of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles by Alternaria alternata. 27826743 7 47 theme nanoparticles 973:985 arg1 effect 938:943 The mechanical effect 923:943 The mechanical effect of the agglomerated γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles into the HPMC polymer matrix 923:1014 The mechanical effect of the agglomerated γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles into the HPMC polymer matrix was also investigated. 27826743 1 48 theme several 243:249 arg1 advantages 251:260 several advantages 243:260 several advantages 243:260 In recent times, biosynthetic approaches toward the synthesis of nanoparticles have been shown to have several advantages over physical and chemical methods. 27826743 4 49 theme cellulose 648:656 arg1 properties 611:620 the properties 607:620 the properties of hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose 607:656 The influence of these biosynthesized γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles on the properties of hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose was also investigated. 24994779 4 0 theme genus 404:408 arg1 Cohnella 410:417 the genus Cohnella 400:417 the genus Cohnella 400:417 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed similarities lower than 97 % with respect to species of the genus Cohnella. 24994779 8 1 theme % 902:902 arg1 values 887:892 relatedness values 875:892 relatedness values of 33.4 % with Cohnella ginsengisoli DSM 18997(T) and 25.8 % with Cohnella thermotolerans DSM 17683(T) 875:995 DNA-DNA hybridization of the isolate with two reference strains showed relatedness values of 33.4 % with Cohnella ginsengisoli DSM 18997(T) and 25.8 % with Cohnella thermotolerans DSM 17683(T). 24994779 6 2 theme D45 593:595 arg1 lipids 576:581 The polar lipids 566:581 The polar lipids of strain D45(T) 566:598 The polar lipids of strain D45(T) were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two aminophospholipids, four phospholipids, two glycolipids, one aminolipid and two lipids. 24994779 6 2 theme D45 593:595 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 605:626 diphosphatidylglycerol 605:626 diphosphatidylglycerol 605:626 The polar lipids of strain D45(T) were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two aminophospholipids, four phospholipids, two glycolipids, one aminolipid and two lipids. 24994779 9 3 theme phenotypic 1035:1044 arg1 data 1046:1049 The phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data 998:1049 The phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data 998:1049 The phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data supported the classification of strain D45(T) as a representative of a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella nanjingensis sp. 24994779 7 4 theme DNA 773:775 arg1 content 781:787 The DNA G+C content 769:787 The DNA G+C content 769:787 The DNA G+C content was 59.5 mol%. 24994779 7 4 theme DNA 773:775 arg1 % 801:801 59.5 mol% 793:801 59.5 mol% 793:801 The DNA G+C content was 59.5 mol%. 24994779 3 5 theme 0  279:280 arg1 w/v 289:291 w/v 289:291 w/v 289:291 The organism grew optimally at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and with 0 % NaCl (w/v). 24994779 3 5 theme 0  279:280 arg1 NaCl 283:286 0 % NaCl 279:286 0 % NaCl (w/v) 279:292 The organism grew optimally at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and with 0 % NaCl (w/v). 24994779 2 6 dep Gram-stain-positive 106:124 arg1 endospore-forming 139:155 endospore-forming 139:155 endospore-forming 139:155 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium, strain D45(T), was isolated from soil in Nanjing, China. 24994779 2 6 dep Gram-stain-positive 106:124 arg1 rod-shaped 127:136 rod-shaped 127:136 rod-shaped 127:136 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium, strain D45(T), was isolated from soil in Nanjing, China. 24994779 8 7 theme relatedness 875:885 arg1 values 887:892 relatedness values 875:892 relatedness values of 33.4 % with Cohnella ginsengisoli DSM 18997(T) and 25.8 % with Cohnella thermotolerans DSM 17683(T) 875:995 DNA-DNA hybridization of the isolate with two reference strains showed relatedness values of 33.4 % with Cohnella ginsengisoli DSM 18997(T) and 25.8 % with Cohnella thermotolerans DSM 17683(T). 24994779 9 8 theme novel 1122:1126 arg1 species 1128:1134 a novel species 1120:1134 a novel species 1120:1134 The phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data supported the classification of strain D45(T) as a representative of a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella nanjingensis sp. 24994779 8 9 theme Cohnella 909:916 arg1 DSM 931:933 Cohnella ginsengisoli DSM 18997 909:939 Cohnella ginsengisoli DSM 18997(T) 909:942 DNA-DNA hybridization of the isolate with two reference strains showed relatedness values of 33.4 % with Cohnella ginsengisoli DSM 18997(T) and 25.8 % with Cohnella thermotolerans DSM 17683(T). 24994779 8 9 theme Cohnella 909:916 arg1 T 941:941 T 941:941 T 941:941 DNA-DNA hybridization of the isolate with two reference strains showed relatedness values of 33.4 % with Cohnella ginsengisoli DSM 18997(T) and 25.8 % with Cohnella thermotolerans DSM 17683(T). 24994779 9 10 theme chemotaxonomic 1016:1029 arg1 data 1046:1049 The phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data 998:1049 The phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data 998:1049 The phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data supported the classification of strain D45(T) as a representative of a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella nanjingensis sp. 24994779 1 11 theme polysaccharide-producing 49:72 arg1 bacterium 74:82 an extracellular polysaccharide-producing bacterium 32:82 an extracellular polysaccharide-producing bacterium 32:82 nov., an extracellular polysaccharide-producing bacterium isolated from soil. 24994779 1 11 theme polysaccharide-producing 49:72 arg1 nov. 26:29 nov. 26:29 nov. 26:29 nov., an extracellular polysaccharide-producing bacterium isolated from soil. 24994779 8 12 with % 953:953 arg1 DSM 931:933 Cohnella ginsengisoli DSM 18997 909:939 Cohnella ginsengisoli DSM 18997(T) 909:942 DNA-DNA hybridization of the isolate with two reference strains showed relatedness values of 33.4 % with Cohnella ginsengisoli DSM 18997(T) and 25.8 % with Cohnella thermotolerans DSM 17683(T). 24994779 8 12 with % 953:953 arg1 DSM 984:986 Cohnella thermotolerans DSM 17683 960:992 Cohnella thermotolerans DSM 17683(T) 960:995 DNA-DNA hybridization of the isolate with two reference strains showed relatedness values of 33.4 % with Cohnella ginsengisoli DSM 18997(T) and 25.8 % with Cohnella thermotolerans DSM 17683(T). 24994779 8 12 with % 953:953 arg1 T 994:994 T 994:994 T 994:994 DNA-DNA hybridization of the isolate with two reference strains showed relatedness values of 33.4 % with Cohnella ginsengisoli DSM 18997(T) and 25.8 % with Cohnella thermotolerans DSM 17683(T). 24994779 8 12 with % 953:953 arg1 T 941:941 T 941:941 T 941:941 DNA-DNA hybridization of the isolate with two reference strains showed relatedness values of 33.4 % with Cohnella ginsengisoli DSM 18997(T) and 25.8 % with Cohnella thermotolerans DSM 17683(T). 24994779 5 13 with MK-7 460:463 arg1 MK-6 471:474 MK-6 471:474 MK-6 present as a minor component 471:503 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7, with MK-6 present as a minor component; anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 24994779 11 14 theme type 1226:1229 arg1 D45 1241:1243 D45 1241:1243 D45(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014067(T) = DSM 28246(T)) 1241:1286 The type strain is D45(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014067(T) = DSM 28246(T)). 24994779 11 14 theme type 1226:1229 arg1 strain 1231:1236 The type strain 1222:1236 The type strain 1222:1236 The type strain is D45(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014067(T) = DSM 28246(T)). 24994779 9 15 theme species 1128:1134 arg1 representative 1102:1115 a representative 1100:1115 a representative of a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella nanjingensis sp 1100:1201 The phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data supported the classification of strain D45(T) as a representative of a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella nanjingensis sp. 24994779 9 15 theme species 1128:1134 arg1 classification 1065:1078 the classification 1061:1078 the classification of strain D45(T) 1061:1095 The phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data supported the classification of strain D45(T) as a representative of a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella nanjingensis sp. 24994779 5 16 theme major 547:551 arg1 anteiso-C15  506:517 anteiso-C15  506:517 anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 506:536 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7, with MK-6 present as a minor component; anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 24994779 5 16 theme major 547:551 arg1 acids 559:563 the major fatty acids 543:563 the major fatty acids 543:563 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7, with MK-6 present as a minor component; anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 24994779 4 17 theme isolate 329:335 arg1 sequence 313:320 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 295:320 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate 295:335 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed similarities lower than 97 % with respect to species of the genus Cohnella. 24994779 6 18 theme strain 586:591 arg1 T 597:597 T 597:597 T 597:597 The polar lipids of strain D45(T) were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two aminophospholipids, four phospholipids, two glycolipids, one aminolipid and two lipids. 24994779 6 18 theme strain 586:591 arg1 D45 593:595 strain D45 586:595 strain D45(T) 586:598 The polar lipids of strain D45(T) were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two aminophospholipids, four phospholipids, two glycolipids, one aminolipid and two lipids. 24994779 2 19 theme strain 168:173 arg1 T 179:179 T 179:179 T 179:179 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium, strain D45(T), was isolated from soil in Nanjing, China. 24994779 2 19 theme strain 168:173 arg1 bacterium 157:165 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium 104:165 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium 104:165 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium, strain D45(T), was isolated from soil in Nanjing, China. 24994779 2 19 theme strain 168:173 arg1 D45 175:177 strain D45 168:177 strain D45(T) 168:180 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium, strain D45(T), was isolated from soil in Nanjing, China. 24994779 5 20 theme  0 519:520 arg1 anteiso-C15  506:517 anteiso-C15  506:517 anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 506:536 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7, with MK-6 present as a minor component; anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 24994779 5 20 theme  0 519:520 arg1 acids 559:563 the major fatty acids 543:563 the major fatty acids 543:563 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7, with MK-6 present as a minor component; anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 24994779 8 21 theme reference 850:858 arg1 strains 860:866 two reference strains 846:866 two reference strains 846:866 DNA-DNA hybridization of the isolate with two reference strains showed relatedness values of 33.4 % with Cohnella ginsengisoli DSM 18997(T) and 25.8 % with Cohnella thermotolerans DSM 17683(T). 24994779 11 22 theme AB 1258:1259 arg1 D45 1241:1243 D45 1241:1243 D45(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014067(T) = DSM 28246(T)) 1241:1286 The type strain is D45(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014067(T) = DSM 28246(T)). 24994779 11 22 theme AB 1258:1259 arg1 T 1284:1284 T 1284:1284 T 1284:1284 The type strain is D45(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014067(T) = DSM 28246(T)). 24994779 11 22 theme AB 1258:1259 arg1 28246 1278:1282  = CCTCC AB 2014067(T) = DSM 28246 1249:1282  = CCTCC AB 2014067(T) = DSM 28246(T) 1249:1285 The type strain is D45(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014067(T) = DSM 28246(T)). 24994779 8 23 theme ginsengisoli 918:929 arg1 DSM 931:933 Cohnella ginsengisoli DSM 18997 909:939 Cohnella ginsengisoli DSM 18997(T) 909:942 DNA-DNA hybridization of the isolate with two reference strains showed relatedness values of 33.4 % with Cohnella ginsengisoli DSM 18997(T) and 25.8 % with Cohnella thermotolerans DSM 17683(T). 24994779 8 23 theme ginsengisoli 918:929 arg1 T 941:941 T 941:941 T 941:941 DNA-DNA hybridization of the isolate with two reference strains showed relatedness values of 33.4 % with Cohnella ginsengisoli DSM 18997(T) and 25.8 % with Cohnella thermotolerans DSM 17683(T). 24994779 5 24 theme present 476:482 arg1 MK-6 471:474 MK-6 471:474 MK-6 present as a minor component 471:503 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7, with MK-6 present as a minor component; anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 24994779 8 25 with % 902:902 arg1 DSM 931:933 Cohnella ginsengisoli DSM 18997 909:939 Cohnella ginsengisoli DSM 18997(T) 909:942 DNA-DNA hybridization of the isolate with two reference strains showed relatedness values of 33.4 % with Cohnella ginsengisoli DSM 18997(T) and 25.8 % with Cohnella thermotolerans DSM 17683(T). 24994779 8 25 with % 902:902 arg1 DSM 984:986 Cohnella thermotolerans DSM 17683 960:992 Cohnella thermotolerans DSM 17683(T) 960:995 DNA-DNA hybridization of the isolate with two reference strains showed relatedness values of 33.4 % with Cohnella ginsengisoli DSM 18997(T) and 25.8 % with Cohnella thermotolerans DSM 17683(T). 24994779 8 25 with % 902:902 arg1 T 994:994 T 994:994 T 994:994 DNA-DNA hybridization of the isolate with two reference strains showed relatedness values of 33.4 % with Cohnella ginsengisoli DSM 18997(T) and 25.8 % with Cohnella thermotolerans DSM 17683(T). 24994779 8 25 with % 902:902 arg1 T 941:941 T 941:941 T 941:941 DNA-DNA hybridization of the isolate with two reference strains showed relatedness values of 33.4 % with Cohnella ginsengisoli DSM 18997(T) and 25.8 % with Cohnella thermotolerans DSM 17683(T). 24994779 0 26 theme nanjingensis 9:20 arg1 sp 22:23 Cohnella nanjingensis sp 0:23 Cohnella nanjingensis sp. 0:24 Cohnella nanjingensis sp. 24994779 9 27 theme genus 1143:1147 arg1 Cohnella 1149:1156 the genus Cohnella 1139:1156 the genus Cohnella 1139:1156 The phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data supported the classification of strain D45(T) as a representative of a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella nanjingensis sp. 24994779 5 28 theme iso-C16  526:533 arg1 anteiso-C15  506:517 anteiso-C15  506:517 anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 506:536 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7, with MK-6 present as a minor component; anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 24994779 5 28 theme iso-C16  526:533 arg1 acids 559:563 the major fatty acids 543:563 the major fatty acids 543:563 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7, with MK-6 present as a minor component; anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 24994779 9 29 theme phylogenetic 1002:1013 arg1 data 1046:1049 The phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data 998:1049 The phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data 998:1049 The phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data supported the classification of strain D45(T) as a representative of a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella nanjingensis sp. 24994779 6 30 theme polar 570:574 arg1 lipids 576:581 The polar lipids 566:581 The polar lipids of strain D45(T) 566:598 The polar lipids of strain D45(T) were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two aminophospholipids, four phospholipids, two glycolipids, one aminolipid and two lipids. 24994779 6 30 theme polar 570:574 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 605:626 diphosphatidylglycerol 605:626 diphosphatidylglycerol 605:626 The polar lipids of strain D45(T) were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two aminophospholipids, four phospholipids, two glycolipids, one aminolipid and two lipids. 24994779 0 31 theme Cohnella 0:7 arg1 sp 22:23 Cohnella nanjingensis sp 0:23 Cohnella nanjingensis sp. 0:24 Cohnella nanjingensis sp. 24994779 9 32 theme Cohnella 1149:1156 arg1 species 1128:1134 a novel species 1120:1134 a novel species 1120:1134 The phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data supported the classification of strain D45(T) as a representative of a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella nanjingensis sp. 24994779 4 33 theme gene 308:311 arg1 sequence 313:320 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 295:320 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate 295:335 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed similarities lower than 97 % with respect to species of the genus Cohnella. 24994779 2 34 attach isolated 187:194 arg2 D45 175:177 strain D45 168:177 strain D45(T) 168:180 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium, strain D45(T), was isolated from soil in Nanjing, China. 24994779 2 34 attach isolated 187:194 arg2 bacterium 157:165 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium 104:165 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium 104:165 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium, strain D45(T), was isolated from soil in Nanjing, China. 24994779 2 34 attach isolated 187:194 arg1 soil 201:204 soil 201:204 soil 201:204 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium, strain D45(T), was isolated from soil in Nanjing, China. 24994779 7 35 theme mol 798:800 arg1 content 781:787 The DNA G+C content 769:787 The DNA G+C content 769:787 The DNA G+C content was 59.5 mol%. 24994779 7 35 theme mol 798:800 arg1 % 801:801 59.5 mol% 793:801 59.5 mol% 793:801 The DNA G+C content was 59.5 mol%. 24994779 4 36 theme rRNA 303:306 arg1 sequence 313:320 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 295:320 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate 295:335 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed similarities lower than 97 % with respect to species of the genus Cohnella. 24994779 11 37 theme  = CCTCC 1249:1256 arg1 D45 1241:1243 D45 1241:1243 D45(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014067(T) = DSM 28246(T)) 1241:1286 The type strain is D45(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014067(T) = DSM 28246(T)). 24994779 11 37 theme  = CCTCC 1249:1256 arg1 T 1284:1284 T 1284:1284 T 1284:1284 The type strain is D45(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014067(T) = DSM 28246(T)). 24994779 11 37 theme  = CCTCC 1249:1256 arg1 28246 1278:1282  = CCTCC AB 2014067(T) = DSM 28246 1249:1282  = CCTCC AB 2014067(T) = DSM 28246(T) 1249:1285 The type strain is D45(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014067(T) = DSM 28246(T)). 24994779 9 38 theme strain 1083:1088 arg1 D45 1090:1092 strain D45 1083:1092 strain D45(T) 1083:1095 The phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data supported the classification of strain D45(T) as a representative of a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella nanjingensis sp. 24994779 9 38 theme strain 1083:1088 arg1 T 1094:1094 T 1094:1094 T 1094:1094 The phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data supported the classification of strain D45(T) as a representative of a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella nanjingensis sp. 24994779 2 39 theme Gram-stain-positive 106:124 arg1 bacterium 157:165 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium 104:165 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium 104:165 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium, strain D45(T), was isolated from soil in Nanjing, China. 24994779 2 39 theme Gram-stain-positive 106:124 arg1 D45 175:177 strain D45 168:177 strain D45(T) 168:180 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium, strain D45(T), was isolated from soil in Nanjing, China. 24994779 9 40 theme D45 1090:1092 arg1 representative 1102:1115 a representative 1100:1115 a representative of a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella nanjingensis sp 1100:1201 The phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data supported the classification of strain D45(T) as a representative of a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella nanjingensis sp. 24994779 9 40 theme D45 1090:1092 arg1 classification 1065:1078 the classification 1061:1078 the classification of strain D45(T) 1061:1095 The phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data supported the classification of strain D45(T) as a representative of a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella nanjingensis sp. 24994779 9 41 theme nanjingensis 1187:1198 arg1 sp 1200:1201 the name Cohnella nanjingensis sp 1169:1201 the name Cohnella nanjingensis sp 1169:1201 The phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data supported the classification of strain D45(T) as a representative of a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella nanjingensis sp. 24994779 9 42 theme name 1173:1176 arg1 sp 1200:1201 the name Cohnella nanjingensis sp 1169:1201 the name Cohnella nanjingensis sp 1169:1201 The phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data supported the classification of strain D45(T) as a representative of a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella nanjingensis sp. 24994779 5 43 theme fatty 553:557 arg1 anteiso-C15  506:517 anteiso-C15  506:517 anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 506:536 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7, with MK-6 present as a minor component; anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 24994779 5 43 theme fatty 553:557 arg1 acids 559:563 the major fatty acids 543:563 the major fatty acids 543:563 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7, with MK-6 present as a minor component; anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 24994779 8 44 with hybridization 812:824 arg1 strains 860:866 two reference strains 846:866 two reference strains 846:866 DNA-DNA hybridization of the isolate with two reference strains showed relatedness values of 33.4 % with Cohnella ginsengisoli DSM 18997(T) and 25.8 % with Cohnella thermotolerans DSM 17683(T). 24994779 9 45 theme Cohnella 1178:1185 arg1 sp 1200:1201 the name Cohnella nanjingensis sp 1169:1201 the name Cohnella nanjingensis sp 1169:1201 The phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data supported the classification of strain D45(T) as a representative of a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella nanjingensis sp. 24994779 8 46 theme % 953:953 arg1 values 887:892 relatedness values 875:892 relatedness values of 33.4 % with Cohnella ginsengisoli DSM 18997(T) and 25.8 % with Cohnella thermotolerans DSM 17683(T) 875:995 DNA-DNA hybridization of the isolate with two reference strains showed relatedness values of 33.4 % with Cohnella ginsengisoli DSM 18997(T) and 25.8 % with Cohnella thermotolerans DSM 17683(T). 24994779 8 47 theme DNA-DNA 804:810 arg1 hybridization 812:824 DNA-DNA hybridization 804:824 DNA-DNA hybridization of the isolate with two reference strains 804:866 DNA-DNA hybridization of the isolate with two reference strains showed relatedness values of 33.4 % with Cohnella ginsengisoli DSM 18997(T) and 25.8 % with Cohnella thermotolerans DSM 17683(T). 24994779 5 48 theme minor 489:493 arg1 component 495:503 a minor component 487:503 a minor component 487:503 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7, with MK-6 present as a minor component; anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 24994779 8 49 theme thermotolerans 969:982 arg1 DSM 984:986 Cohnella thermotolerans DSM 17683 960:992 Cohnella thermotolerans DSM 17683(T) 960:995 DNA-DNA hybridization of the isolate with two reference strains showed relatedness values of 33.4 % with Cohnella ginsengisoli DSM 18997(T) and 25.8 % with Cohnella thermotolerans DSM 17683(T). 24994779 8 49 theme thermotolerans 969:982 arg1 T 994:994 T 994:994 T 994:994 DNA-DNA hybridization of the isolate with two reference strains showed relatedness values of 33.4 % with Cohnella ginsengisoli DSM 18997(T) and 25.8 % with Cohnella thermotolerans DSM 17683(T). 24994779 4 50 theme 16S 299:301 arg1 rRNA 303:306 The 16S rRNA 295:306 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate 295:335 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed similarities lower than 97 % with respect to species of the genus Cohnella. 24994779 11 51 theme T 1269:1269 arg1 D45 1241:1243 D45 1241:1243 D45(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014067(T) = DSM 28246(T)) 1241:1286 The type strain is D45(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014067(T) = DSM 28246(T)). 24994779 11 51 theme T 1269:1269 arg1 T 1284:1284 T 1284:1284 T 1284:1284 The type strain is D45(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014067(T) = DSM 28246(T)). 24994779 11 51 theme T 1269:1269 arg1 28246 1278:1282  = CCTCC AB 2014067(T) = DSM 28246 1249:1282  = CCTCC AB 2014067(T) = DSM 28246(T) 1249:1285 The type strain is D45(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014067(T) = DSM 28246(T)). 24994779 8 52 theme Cohnella 960:967 arg1 DSM 984:986 Cohnella thermotolerans DSM 17683 960:992 Cohnella thermotolerans DSM 17683(T) 960:995 DNA-DNA hybridization of the isolate with two reference strains showed relatedness values of 33.4 % with Cohnella ginsengisoli DSM 18997(T) and 25.8 % with Cohnella thermotolerans DSM 17683(T). 24994779 8 52 theme Cohnella 960:967 arg1 T 994:994 T 994:994 T 994:994 DNA-DNA hybridization of the isolate with two reference strains showed relatedness values of 33.4 % with Cohnella ginsengisoli DSM 18997(T) and 25.8 % with Cohnella thermotolerans DSM 17683(T). 24994779 5 53 theme predominant 424:434 arg1 quinone 448:454 The predominant respiratory quinone 420:454 The predominant respiratory quinone 420:454 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7, with MK-6 present as a minor component; anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 24994779 5 53 theme predominant 424:434 arg1 MK-7 460:463 MK-7 460:463 MK-7 460:463 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7, with MK-6 present as a minor component; anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 24994779 7 54 theme G+C 777:779 arg1 content 781:787 The DNA G+C content 769:787 The DNA G+C content 769:787 The DNA G+C content was 59.5 mol%. 24994779 7 54 theme G+C 777:779 arg1 % 801:801 59.5 mol% 793:801 59.5 mol% 793:801 The DNA G+C content was 59.5 mol%. 24994779 3 55 theme % 281:281 arg1 w/v 289:291 w/v 289:291 w/v 289:291 The organism grew optimally at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and with 0 % NaCl (w/v). 24994779 3 55 theme % 281:281 arg1 NaCl 283:286 0 % NaCl 279:286 0 % NaCl (w/v) 279:292 The organism grew optimally at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and with 0 % NaCl (w/v). 24994779 4 56 theme lower 357:361 arg1 similarities 344:355 similarities 344:355 similarities lower than 97 % 344:371 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed similarities lower than 97 % with respect to species of the genus Cohnella. 24994779 11 57 theme  = DSM 1271:1276 arg1 D45 1241:1243 D45 1241:1243 D45(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014067(T) = DSM 28246(T)) 1241:1286 The type strain is D45(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014067(T) = DSM 28246(T)). 24994779 11 57 theme  = DSM 1271:1276 arg1 T 1284:1284 T 1284:1284 T 1284:1284 The type strain is D45(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014067(T) = DSM 28246(T)). 24994779 11 57 theme  = DSM 1271:1276 arg1 28246 1278:1282  = CCTCC AB 2014067(T) = DSM 28246 1249:1282  = CCTCC AB 2014067(T) = DSM 28246(T) 1249:1285 The type strain is D45(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014067(T) = DSM 28246(T)). 24994779 5 58 theme respiratory 436:446 arg1 quinone 448:454 The predominant respiratory quinone 420:454 The predominant respiratory quinone 420:454 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7, with MK-6 present as a minor component; anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 24994779 5 58 theme respiratory 436:446 arg1 MK-7 460:463 MK-7 460:463 MK-7 460:463 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7, with MK-6 present as a minor component; anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 24994779 11 59 theme 2014067 1261:1267 arg1 D45 1241:1243 D45 1241:1243 D45(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014067(T) = DSM 28246(T)) 1241:1286 The type strain is D45(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014067(T) = DSM 28246(T)). 24994779 11 59 theme 2014067 1261:1267 arg1 T 1284:1284 T 1284:1284 T 1284:1284 The type strain is D45(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014067(T) = DSM 28246(T)). 24994779 11 59 theme 2014067 1261:1267 arg1 28246 1278:1282  = CCTCC AB 2014067(T) = DSM 28246 1249:1282  = CCTCC AB 2014067(T) = DSM 28246(T) 1249:1285 The type strain is D45(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014067(T) = DSM 28246(T)). 24994779 4 60 theme Cohnella 410:417 arg1 species 389:395 species 389:395 species of the genus Cohnella 389:417 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed similarities lower than 97 % with respect to species of the genus Cohnella. 24994779 1 61 theme extracellular 35:47 arg1 bacterium 74:82 an extracellular polysaccharide-producing bacterium 32:82 an extracellular polysaccharide-producing bacterium 32:82 nov., an extracellular polysaccharide-producing bacterium isolated from soil. 24994779 1 61 theme extracellular 35:47 arg1 nov. 26:29 nov. 26:29 nov. 26:29 nov., an extracellular polysaccharide-producing bacterium isolated from soil. 24994779 8 62 theme isolate 833:839 arg1 hybridization 812:824 DNA-DNA hybridization 804:824 DNA-DNA hybridization of the isolate with two reference strains 804:866 DNA-DNA hybridization of the isolate with two reference strains showed relatedness values of 33.4 % with Cohnella ginsengisoli DSM 18997(T) and 25.8 % with Cohnella thermotolerans DSM 17683(T). 24507365 0 0 theme Prosopis 78:85 arg1 glandulosa 87:96 Prosopis glandulosa 78:96 Prosopis glandulosa 78:96 Macromolecular and functional properties of galactomannan from mesquite seed (Prosopis glandulosa). 24507365 4 1 dep seed 560:563 arg1 yield 571:575 yield 571:575 yield 571:575 Galactomannans from mesquite seed (GMS) yield was 16.53% and presented a M/G ratio of 2:1, which was higher than value observed for guar gum (1.6:1). 24507365 1 2 from seeds 154:158 arg1 galactomannans 114:127 galactomannans 114:127 galactomannans from Prosopis glandulosa seeds 114:158 In this work, galactomannans from Prosopis glandulosa seeds were evaluated for their chemical composition and functional properties for potential industrial applications. 24507365 0 3 from mesquite 63:70 arg1 galactomannan 44:56 galactomannan 44:56 galactomannan from mesquite 44:70 Macromolecular and functional properties of galactomannan from mesquite seed (Prosopis glandulosa). 24507365 0 3 from mesquite 63:70 arg1 properties 30:39 Macromolecular and functional properties 0:39 Macromolecular and functional properties of galactomannan from mesquite 0:70 Macromolecular and functional properties of galactomannan from mesquite seed (Prosopis glandulosa). 24507365 3 4 theme present 505:511 arg1 carbohydrates 491:503 total carbohydrates 485:503 total carbohydrates present in this material 485:528 Mannose and galactose were the two most abundant carbohydrates present in P. glandulosa seeds, which represent 95.32% of total carbohydrates present in this material. 24507365 5 5 theme functional 707:716 arg1 properties 718:727 functional properties 707:727 functional properties 707:727 The results obtained from functional properties showed that GMS has considerable potential to be considered as a food additive. 24507365 5 6 contain has 745:747 arg1 GMS 741:743 GMS 741:743 GMS 741:743 The results obtained from functional properties showed that GMS has considerable potential to be considered as a food additive. 24507365 5 6 contain has 745:747 arg2 potential 762:770 considerable potential 749:770 considerable potential 749:770 The results obtained from functional properties showed that GMS has considerable potential to be considered as a food additive. 24507365 0 7 theme galactomannan 44:56 arg1 properties 30:39 Macromolecular and functional properties 0:39 Macromolecular and functional properties of galactomannan from mesquite 0:70 Macromolecular and functional properties of galactomannan from mesquite seed (Prosopis glandulosa). 24507365 4 8 theme M/G 604:606 arg1 ratio 608:612 a M/G ratio 602:612 a M/G ratio 602:612 Galactomannans from mesquite seed (GMS) yield was 16.53% and presented a M/G ratio of 2:1, which was higher than value observed for guar gum (1.6:1). 24507365 4 8 theme M/G 604:606 arg1 higher 632:637 higher 632:637 higher 632:637 Galactomannans from mesquite seed (GMS) yield was 16.53% and presented a M/G ratio of 2:1, which was higher than value observed for guar gum (1.6:1). 24507365 3 9 theme abundant 404:411 arg1 galactose 376:384 galactose 376:384 galactose 376:384 Mannose and galactose were the two most abundant carbohydrates present in P. glandulosa seeds, which represent 95.32% of total carbohydrates present in this material. 24507365 3 9 theme abundant 404:411 arg1 carbohydrates 413:425 the two most abundant carbohydrates 391:425 the two most abundant carbohydrates present in P. glandulosa seeds, which represent 95.32% of total carbohydrates present in this material 391:528 Mannose and galactose were the two most abundant carbohydrates present in P. glandulosa seeds, which represent 95.32% of total carbohydrates present in this material. 24507365 3 9 theme abundant 404:411 arg1 Mannose 364:370 Mannose 364:370 Mannose 364:370 Mannose and galactose were the two most abundant carbohydrates present in P. glandulosa seeds, which represent 95.32% of total carbohydrates present in this material. 24507365 3 10 from present 505:511 arg1 material 521:528 this material 516:528 this material 516:528 Mannose and galactose were the two most abundant carbohydrates present in P. glandulosa seeds, which represent 95.32% of total carbohydrates present in this material. 24507365 2 11 theme galactomannan 340:352 arg1 gum 359:361 the commercial galactomannan guar gum 325:361 the commercial galactomannan guar gum 325:361 In addition, those characteristics were compared with the commercial galactomannan guar gum. 24507365 0 12 theme Macromolecular 0:13 arg1 properties 30:39 Macromolecular and functional properties 0:39 Macromolecular and functional properties of galactomannan from mesquite 0:70 Macromolecular and functional properties of galactomannan from mesquite seed (Prosopis glandulosa). 24507365 2 13 theme commercial 329:338 arg1 gum 359:361 the commercial galactomannan guar gum 325:361 the commercial galactomannan guar gum 325:361 In addition, those characteristics were compared with the commercial galactomannan guar gum. 24507365 1 14 theme chemical 185:192 arg1 composition 194:204 their chemical composition 179:204 their chemical composition 179:204 In this work, galactomannans from Prosopis glandulosa seeds were evaluated for their chemical composition and functional properties for potential industrial applications. 24507365 3 15 from material 521:528 arg1 present 505:511 present 505:511 present 505:511 Mannose and galactose were the two most abundant carbohydrates present in P. glandulosa seeds, which represent 95.32% of total carbohydrates present in this material. 24507365 0 16 theme functional 19:28 arg1 properties 30:39 Macromolecular and functional properties 0:39 Macromolecular and functional properties of galactomannan from mesquite 0:70 Macromolecular and functional properties of galactomannan from mesquite seed (Prosopis glandulosa). 24507365 0 17 dep seed 72:75 arg1 glandulosa 87:96 Prosopis glandulosa 78:96 Prosopis glandulosa 78:96 Macromolecular and functional properties of galactomannan from mesquite seed (Prosopis glandulosa). 24507365 3 18 theme total 485:489 arg1 carbohydrates 491:503 total carbohydrates 485:503 total carbohydrates present in this material 485:528 Mannose and galactose were the two most abundant carbohydrates present in P. glandulosa seeds, which represent 95.32% of total carbohydrates present in this material. 24507365 3 19 theme P. 438:439 arg1 seeds 452:456 P. glandulosa seeds 438:456 P. glandulosa seeds 438:456 Mannose and galactose were the two most abundant carbohydrates present in P. glandulosa seeds, which represent 95.32% of total carbohydrates present in this material. 24507365 1 20 theme functional 210:219 arg1 properties 221:230 functional properties 210:230 functional properties 210:230 In this work, galactomannans from Prosopis glandulosa seeds were evaluated for their chemical composition and functional properties for potential industrial applications. 24507365 3 21 theme glandulosa 441:450 arg1 seeds 452:456 P. glandulosa seeds 438:456 P. glandulosa seeds 438:456 Mannose and galactose were the two most abundant carbohydrates present in P. glandulosa seeds, which represent 95.32% of total carbohydrates present in this material. 24507365 4 22 theme 2:1 617:619 arg1 ratio 608:612 a M/G ratio 602:612 a M/G ratio 602:612 Galactomannans from mesquite seed (GMS) yield was 16.53% and presented a M/G ratio of 2:1, which was higher than value observed for guar gum (1.6:1). 24507365 4 22 theme 2:1 617:619 arg1 higher 632:637 higher 632:637 higher 632:637 Galactomannans from mesquite seed (GMS) yield was 16.53% and presented a M/G ratio of 2:1, which was higher than value observed for guar gum (1.6:1). 24507365 3 23 theme present 427:433 arg1 galactose 376:384 galactose 376:384 galactose 376:384 Mannose and galactose were the two most abundant carbohydrates present in P. glandulosa seeds, which represent 95.32% of total carbohydrates present in this material. 24507365 3 23 theme present 427:433 arg1 carbohydrates 413:425 the two most abundant carbohydrates 391:425 the two most abundant carbohydrates present in P. glandulosa seeds, which represent 95.32% of total carbohydrates present in this material 391:528 Mannose and galactose were the two most abundant carbohydrates present in P. glandulosa seeds, which represent 95.32% of total carbohydrates present in this material. 24507365 3 23 theme present 427:433 arg1 Mannose 364:370 Mannose 364:370 Mannose 364:370 Mannose and galactose were the two most abundant carbohydrates present in P. glandulosa seeds, which represent 95.32% of total carbohydrates present in this material. 24507365 3 24 attach present 427:433 arg2 Mannose 364:370 Mannose 364:370 Mannose 364:370 Mannose and galactose were the two most abundant carbohydrates present in P. glandulosa seeds, which represent 95.32% of total carbohydrates present in this material. 24507365 3 24 attach present 427:433 arg1 seeds 452:456 P. glandulosa seeds 438:456 P. glandulosa seeds 438:456 Mannose and galactose were the two most abundant carbohydrates present in P. glandulosa seeds, which represent 95.32% of total carbohydrates present in this material. 24507365 3 24 attach present 427:433 arg2 carbohydrates 413:425 the two most abundant carbohydrates 391:425 the two most abundant carbohydrates present in P. glandulosa seeds, which represent 95.32% of total carbohydrates present in this material 391:528 Mannose and galactose were the two most abundant carbohydrates present in P. glandulosa seeds, which represent 95.32% of total carbohydrates present in this material. 24507365 3 24 attach present 427:433 arg2 galactose 376:384 galactose 376:384 galactose 376:384 Mannose and galactose were the two most abundant carbohydrates present in P. glandulosa seeds, which represent 95.32% of total carbohydrates present in this material. 24507365 3 25 from present 427:433 arg1 seeds 452:456 P. glandulosa seeds 438:456 P. glandulosa seeds 438:456 Mannose and galactose were the two most abundant carbohydrates present in P. glandulosa seeds, which represent 95.32% of total carbohydrates present in this material. 24507365 4 26 theme guar 663:666 arg1 1.6:1 673:677 1.6:1 673:677 1.6:1 673:677 Galactomannans from mesquite seed (GMS) yield was 16.53% and presented a M/G ratio of 2:1, which was higher than value observed for guar gum (1.6:1). 24507365 4 26 theme guar 663:666 arg1 gum 668:670 guar gum 663:670 guar gum (1.6:1) 663:678 Galactomannans from mesquite seed (GMS) yield was 16.53% and presented a M/G ratio of 2:1, which was higher than value observed for guar gum (1.6:1). 24507365 3 27 theme carbohydrates 491:503 arg1 % 480:480 95.32% 475:480 95.32% of total carbohydrates present in this material 475:528 Mannose and galactose were the two most abundant carbohydrates present in P. glandulosa seeds, which represent 95.32% of total carbohydrates present in this material. 24507365 3 27 theme carbohydrates 491:503 arg1 carbohydrates 491:503 total carbohydrates 485:503 total carbohydrates present in this material 485:528 Mannose and galactose were the two most abundant carbohydrates present in P. glandulosa seeds, which represent 95.32% of total carbohydrates present in this material. 24507365 5 28 theme considerable 749:760 arg1 potential 762:770 considerable potential 749:770 considerable potential 749:770 The results obtained from functional properties showed that GMS has considerable potential to be considered as a food additive. 24507365 3 29 from seeds 452:456 arg1 present 427:433 present 427:433 present 427:433 Mannose and galactose were the two most abundant carbohydrates present in P. glandulosa seeds, which represent 95.32% of total carbohydrates present in this material. 24507365 2 30 theme guar 354:357 arg1 gum 359:361 the commercial galactomannan guar gum 325:361 the commercial galactomannan guar gum 325:361 In addition, those characteristics were compared with the commercial galactomannan guar gum. 24507365 1 31 theme potential 236:244 arg1 applications 257:268 potential industrial applications 236:268 potential industrial applications 236:268 In this work, galactomannans from Prosopis glandulosa seeds were evaluated for their chemical composition and functional properties for potential industrial applications. 24507365 1 32 theme Prosopis 134:141 arg1 seeds 154:158 Prosopis glandulosa seeds 134:158 Prosopis glandulosa seeds 134:158 In this work, galactomannans from Prosopis glandulosa seeds were evaluated for their chemical composition and functional properties for potential industrial applications. 24507365 1 33 theme industrial 246:255 arg1 applications 257:268 potential industrial applications 236:268 potential industrial applications 236:268 In this work, galactomannans from Prosopis glandulosa seeds were evaluated for their chemical composition and functional properties for potential industrial applications. 24507365 4 34 from seed 560:563 arg1 Galactomannans 531:544 Galactomannans 531:544 Galactomannans from mesquite seed (GMS) yield 531:575 Galactomannans from mesquite seed (GMS) yield was 16.53% and presented a M/G ratio of 2:1, which was higher than value observed for guar gum (1.6:1). 24507365 0 35 from properties 30:39 arg1 mesquite 63:70 mesquite 63:70 mesquite 63:70 Macromolecular and functional properties of galactomannan from mesquite seed (Prosopis glandulosa). 24507365 3 36 attach present 505:511 arg2 carbohydrates 491:503 total carbohydrates 485:503 total carbohydrates present in this material 485:528 Mannose and galactose were the two most abundant carbohydrates present in P. glandulosa seeds, which represent 95.32% of total carbohydrates present in this material. 24507365 3 36 attach present 505:511 arg1 material 521:528 this material 516:528 this material 516:528 Mannose and galactose were the two most abundant carbohydrates present in P. glandulosa seeds, which represent 95.32% of total carbohydrates present in this material. 24507365 1 37 theme glandulosa 143:152 arg1 seeds 154:158 Prosopis glandulosa seeds 134:158 Prosopis glandulosa seeds 134:158 In this work, galactomannans from Prosopis glandulosa seeds were evaluated for their chemical composition and functional properties for potential industrial applications. 28766751 9 0 theme structure 1509:1517 arg1 foods 1490:1494 foods 1490:1494 foods of different structure and composition 1490:1533 The advantage of the SET is it can evaluate the swallowability of a wide range of foods of different structure and composition. 28766751 6 1 with solutions 789:797 arg1 hardness 845:852 varying hardness 837:852 varying hardness 837:852 Three food model systems were used to evaluate the SET: (a) viscous solutions with varying viscosity, (b) gels with varying hardness, and (c) particulate systems of varying cohesion. 28766751 6 1 with solutions 789:797 arg1 viscosity 812:820 varying viscosity 804:820 varying viscosity 804:820 Three food model systems were used to evaluate the SET: (a) viscous solutions with varying viscosity, (b) gels with varying hardness, and (c) particulate systems of varying cohesion. 28766751 9 2 theme composition 1523:1533 arg1 foods 1490:1494 foods 1490:1494 foods of different structure and composition 1490:1533 The advantage of the SET is it can evaluate the swallowability of a wide range of foods of different structure and composition. 28766751 6 3 theme food 727:730 arg1 systems 738:744 Three food model systems 721:744 Three food model systems 721:744 Three food model systems were used to evaluate the SET: (a) viscous solutions with varying viscosity, (b) gels with varying hardness, and (c) particulate systems of varying cohesion. 28766751 8 4 theme slip 1036:1039 arg1 measurements 1052:1063 The deformation and slip resistance measurements 1016:1063 measurements 1052:1063 The deformation and slip resistance measurements correlated well with the hardness and viscosity measurements of the gels and viscous solutions respectively (correlation coefficient r = .94 between deformation resistance and hardness; r = .85 for slip resistance and hardness in gels; r = .98 for deformation resistance and viscosity; r = .93 for slip resistance and viscosity in solutions). 28766751 6 5 theme viscous 781:787 arg1 solutions 789:797 viscous solutions 781:797 (a) viscous solutions with varying viscosity 777:820 Three food model systems were used to evaluate the SET: (a) viscous solutions with varying viscosity, (b) gels with varying hardness, and (c) particulate systems of varying cohesion. 28766751 10 6 theme oral 1617:1620 arg1 processing 1622:1631 oral processing 1617:1631 oral processing 1617:1631 It could potentially be used to investigate the properties of boluses throughout oral processing and help in establishing the criteria for a safe to swallow bolus in a quantitative way. 28766751 13 7 theme numerical 2178:2186 arg1 limits 2188:2193 numerical limits 2178:2193 numerical limits 2178:2193 The resistance to deformation and slip are quantitative measurements that could potentially be used to further develop the Swallow Safe model by providing numerical limits to the identified properties. 28766751 12 8 theme same 1977:1980 arg1 instrument 1982:1991 the same instrument 1973:1991 the same instrument 1973:1991 The ability to measure the changes in bolus properties through all stages of breakdown using the same instrument is a significant development. 28766751 6 9 with gels 827:830 arg1 hardness 845:852 varying hardness 837:852 varying hardness 837:852 Three food model systems were used to evaluate the SET: (a) viscous solutions with varying viscosity, (b) gels with varying hardness, and (c) particulate systems of varying cohesion. 28766751 6 9 with gels 827:830 arg1 viscosity 812:820 varying viscosity 804:820 varying viscosity 804:820 Three food model systems were used to evaluate the SET: (a) viscous solutions with varying viscosity, (b) gels with varying hardness, and (c) particulate systems of varying cohesion. 28766751 7 10 theme peanut 928:933 arg1 boluses 935:941 peanut boluses 928:941 peanut boluses produced in vivo to demonstrate its potential in characterizing boluses 928:1013 The test was applied to peanut boluses produced in vivo to demonstrate its potential in characterizing boluses. 28766751 11 11 theme food 1874:1877 arg1 types 1865:1869 all types 1861:1869 all types of food 1861:1877 PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The test could be used to measure bolus properties from the initial stages of breakdown to the point of swallow for all types of food. 28766751 13 12 theme Safe 2154:2157 arg1 model 2159:2163 the Swallow Safe model 2142:2163 the Swallow Safe model 2142:2163 The resistance to deformation and slip are quantitative measurements that could potentially be used to further develop the Swallow Safe model by providing numerical limits to the identified properties. 28766751 4 13 theme extrusion 411:419 arg1 test 421:424 The slip extrusion test 402:424 The slip extrusion test (SET) 402:430 The slip extrusion test (SET) was developed to objectively measure the swallowability of the bolus through determination of its resistance to deformation and slip. 28766751 4 13 theme extrusion 411:419 arg1 SET 427:429 SET 427:429 SET 427:429 The slip extrusion test (SET) was developed to objectively measure the swallowability of the bolus through determination of its resistance to deformation and slip. 28766751 6 14 with systems 875:881 arg1 hardness 845:852 varying hardness 837:852 varying hardness 837:852 Three food model systems were used to evaluate the SET: (a) viscous solutions with varying viscosity, (b) gels with varying hardness, and (c) particulate systems of varying cohesion. 28766751 6 14 with systems 875:881 arg1 viscosity 812:820 varying viscosity 804:820 varying viscosity 804:820 Three food model systems were used to evaluate the SET: (a) viscous solutions with varying viscosity, (b) gels with varying hardness, and (c) particulate systems of varying cohesion. 28766751 8 15 theme solutions 1150:1158 arg1 hardness 1090:1097 hardness 1090:1097 hardness 1090:1097 The deformation and slip resistance measurements correlated well with the hardness and viscosity measurements of the gels and viscous solutions respectively (correlation coefficient r = .94 between deformation resistance and hardness; r = .85 for slip resistance and hardness in gels; r = .98 for deformation resistance and viscosity; r = .93 for slip resistance and viscosity in solutions). 28766751 8 15 theme solutions 1150:1158 arg1 measurements 1113:1124 viscosity measurements 1103:1124 viscosity measurements 1103:1124 The deformation and slip resistance measurements correlated well with the hardness and viscosity measurements of the gels and viscous solutions respectively (correlation coefficient r = .94 between deformation resistance and hardness; r = .85 for slip resistance and hardness in gels; r = .98 for deformation resistance and viscosity; r = .93 for slip resistance and viscosity in solutions). 28766751 11 16 theme breakdown 1823:1831 arg1 stages 1813:1818 the initial stages 1801:1818 the initial stages of breakdown to the point of swallow for all types of food 1801:1877 PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The test could be used to measure bolus properties from the initial stages of breakdown to the point of swallow for all types of food. 28766751 2 17 theme key 219:221 arg1 deformability 172:184 deformability 172:184 deformability 172:184 The Swallow Safe model defines deformability, slippiness, and cohesiveness as key properties that influence whether a bolus is safe to swallow. 28766751 2 17 theme key 219:221 arg1 slippiness 187:196 slippiness 187:196 slippiness 187:196 The Swallow Safe model defines deformability, slippiness, and cohesiveness as key properties that influence whether a bolus is safe to swallow. 28766751 2 17 theme key 219:221 arg1 cohesiveness 203:214 cohesiveness 203:214 cohesiveness 203:214 The Swallow Safe model defines deformability, slippiness, and cohesiveness as key properties that influence whether a bolus is safe to swallow. 28766751 2 17 theme key 219:221 arg1 properties 223:232 key properties 219:232 key properties that influence whether a bolus is safe to swallow 219:282 The Swallow Safe model defines deformability, slippiness, and cohesiveness as key properties that influence whether a bolus is safe to swallow. 28766751 0 18 theme extrusion 9:17 arg1 test 19:22 The slip extrusion test 0:22 The slip extrusion test 0:22 The slip extrusion test: A novel method to characterise bolus properties. 28766751 6 19 theme particulate 863:873 arg1 systems 875:881 particulate systems 863:881 (c) particulate systems of varying cohesion 859:901 Three food model systems were used to evaluate the SET: (a) viscous solutions with varying viscosity, (b) gels with varying hardness, and (c) particulate systems of varying cohesion. 28766751 0 20 theme bolus 56:60 arg1 properties 62:71 bolus properties 56:71 bolus properties 56:71 The slip extrusion test: A novel method to characterise bolus properties. 28766751 1 21 theme safe 124:127 arg1 swallowing 129:138 safe swallowing 124:138 safe swallowing 124:138 The role of mastication is to prepare a bolus for safe swallowing. 28766751 8 22 from resistance 1368:1377 arg1 solutions 1396:1404 solutions 1396:1404 solutions 1396:1404 The deformation and slip resistance measurements correlated well with the hardness and viscosity measurements of the gels and viscous solutions respectively (correlation coefficient r = .94 between deformation resistance and hardness; r = .85 for slip resistance and hardness in gels; r = .98 for deformation resistance and viscosity; r = .93 for slip resistance and viscosity in solutions). 28766751 9 23 theme SET 1429:1431 arg1 advantage 1412:1420 The advantage 1408:1420 The advantage of the SET 1408:1431 The advantage of the SET is it can evaluate the swallowability of a wide range of foods of different structure and composition. 28766751 8 24 theme correlation 1174:1184 arg1 coefficient 1186:1196 correlation coefficient r = .94 1174:1204 correlation coefficient r = .94 between deformation resistance and hardness; r = .85 for slip resistance and hardness in gels; r = .98 for deformation resistance and viscosity; r = .93 for slip resistance and viscosity in solutions 1174:1404 The deformation and slip resistance measurements correlated well with the hardness and viscosity measurements of the gels and viscous solutions respectively (correlation coefficient r = .94 between deformation resistance and hardness; r = .85 for slip resistance and hardness in gels; r = .98 for deformation resistance and viscosity; r = .93 for slip resistance and viscosity in solutions). 28766751 8 25 theme slip 1263:1266 arg1 resistance 1268:1277 slip resistance 1263:1277 slip resistance 1263:1277 The deformation and slip resistance measurements correlated well with the hardness and viscosity measurements of the gels and viscous solutions respectively (correlation coefficient r = .94 between deformation resistance and hardness; r = .85 for slip resistance and hardness in gels; r = .98 for deformation resistance and viscosity; r = .93 for slip resistance and viscosity in solutions). 28766751 6 26 used used 751:754 arg2 systems 738:744 Three food model systems 721:744 Three food model systems 721:744 Three food model systems were used to evaluate the SET: (a) viscous solutions with varying viscosity, (b) gels with varying hardness, and (c) particulate systems of varying cohesion. 28766751 8 27 from viscosity 1383:1391 arg1 solutions 1396:1404 solutions 1396:1404 solutions 1396:1404 The deformation and slip resistance measurements correlated well with the hardness and viscosity measurements of the gels and viscous solutions respectively (correlation coefficient r = .94 between deformation resistance and hardness; r = .85 for slip resistance and hardness in gels; r = .98 for deformation resistance and viscosity; r = .93 for slip resistance and viscosity in solutions). 28766751 11 28 theme bolus 1779:1783 arg1 properties 1785:1794 bolus properties 1779:1794 bolus properties 1779:1794 PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The test could be used to measure bolus properties from the initial stages of breakdown to the point of swallow for all types of food. 28766751 11 29 used used 1763:1766 arg2 test 1749:1752 The test 1745:1752 The test 1745:1752 PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The test could be used to measure bolus properties from the initial stages of breakdown to the point of swallow for all types of food. 28766751 6 30 theme cohesion 894:901 arg1 gels 827:830 gels 827:830 (b) gels with varying hardness 823:852 Three food model systems were used to evaluate the SET: (a) viscous solutions with varying viscosity, (b) gels with varying hardness, and (c) particulate systems of varying cohesion. 28766751 6 30 theme cohesion 894:901 arg1 systems 875:881 particulate systems 863:881 (c) particulate systems of varying cohesion 859:901 Three food model systems were used to evaluate the SET: (a) viscous solutions with varying viscosity, (b) gels with varying hardness, and (c) particulate systems of varying cohesion. 28766751 6 30 theme cohesion 894:901 arg1 solutions 789:797 viscous solutions 781:797 (a) viscous solutions with varying viscosity 777:820 Three food model systems were used to evaluate the SET: (a) viscous solutions with varying viscosity, (b) gels with varying hardness, and (c) particulate systems of varying cohesion. 28766751 10 31 theme quantitative 1704:1715 arg1 way 1717:1719 a quantitative way 1702:1719 a quantitative way 1702:1719 It could potentially be used to investigate the properties of boluses throughout oral processing and help in establishing the criteria for a safe to swallow bolus in a quantitative way. 28766751 0 32 theme novel 27:31 arg1 method 33:38 A novel method 25:38 A novel method to characterise bolus properties 25:71 The slip extrusion test: A novel method to characterise bolus properties. 28766751 9 33 theme range 1481:1485 arg1 swallowability 1456:1469 the swallowability 1452:1469 the swallowability of a wide range of foods of different structure and composition 1452:1533 The advantage of the SET is it can evaluate the swallowability of a wide range of foods of different structure and composition. 28766751 7 34 from potential 979:987 arg1 boluses 1007:1013 characterizing boluses 992:1013 characterizing boluses 992:1013 The test was applied to peanut boluses produced in vivo to demonstrate its potential in characterizing boluses. 28766751 9 35 theme foods 1490:1494 arg1 range 1481:1485 a wide range 1474:1485 a wide range of foods of different structure and composition 1474:1533 The advantage of the SET is it can evaluate the swallowability of a wide range of foods of different structure and composition. 28766751 2 36 theme Safe 153:156 arg1 model 158:162 The Swallow Safe model 141:162 The Swallow Safe model 141:162 The Swallow Safe model defines deformability, slippiness, and cohesiveness as key properties that influence whether a bolus is safe to swallow. 28766751 12 37 theme significant 1998:2008 arg1 ability 1884:1890 The ability to measure the changes in bolus properties through all stages of breakdown using the same instrument 1880:1991 The ability to measure the changes in bolus properties through all stages of breakdown using the same instrument 1880:1991 The ability to measure the changes in bolus properties through all stages of breakdown using the same instrument is a significant development. 28766751 12 37 theme significant 1998:2008 arg1 development 2010:2020 a significant development 1996:2020 a significant development 1996:2020 The ability to measure the changes in bolus properties through all stages of breakdown using the same instrument is a significant development. 28766751 12 38 theme breakdown 1957:1965 arg1 stages 1947:1952 all stages 1943:1952 all stages of breakdown using the same instrument 1943:1991 The ability to measure the changes in bolus properties through all stages of breakdown using the same instrument is a significant development. 28766751 9 39 theme different 1499:1507 arg1 structure 1509:1517 different structure 1499:1517 different structure 1499:1517 The advantage of the SET is it can evaluate the swallowability of a wide range of foods of different structure and composition. 28766751 8 40 from resistance 1268:1277 arg1 gels 1295:1298 gels 1295:1298 gels 1295:1298 The deformation and slip resistance measurements correlated well with the hardness and viscosity measurements of the gels and viscous solutions respectively (correlation coefficient r = .94 between deformation resistance and hardness; r = .85 for slip resistance and hardness in gels; r = .98 for deformation resistance and viscosity; r = .93 for slip resistance and viscosity in solutions). 28766751 6 41 theme varying 804:810 arg1 viscosity 812:820 varying viscosity 804:820 varying viscosity 804:820 Three food model systems were used to evaluate the SET: (a) viscous solutions with varying viscosity, (b) gels with varying hardness, and (c) particulate systems of varying cohesion. 28766751 13 42 used used 2118:2121 arg2 resistance 2027:2036 The resistance 2023:2036 The resistance to deformation and slip 2023:2060 The resistance to deformation and slip are quantitative measurements that could potentially be used to further develop the Swallow Safe model by providing numerical limits to the identified properties. 28766751 13 42 used used 2118:2121 arg2 measurements 2079:2090 quantitative measurements 2066:2090 quantitative measurements that could potentially be used to further develop the Swallow Safe model by providing numerical limits to the identified properties 2066:2222 The resistance to deformation and slip are quantitative measurements that could potentially be used to further develop the Swallow Safe model by providing numerical limits to the identified properties. 28766751 6 43 theme model 732:736 arg1 systems 738:744 Three food model systems 721:744 Three food model systems 721:744 Three food model systems were used to evaluate the SET: (a) viscous solutions with varying viscosity, (b) gels with varying hardness, and (c) particulate systems of varying cohesion. 28766751 3 44 contain have 384:387 arg1 instruments 348:358 current instruments 340:358 current instruments used for bolus analysis 340:382 Defining these properties numerically is difficult and current instruments used for bolus analysis have limitations. 28766751 3 44 contain have 384:387 arg2 limitations 389:399 limitations 389:399 limitations 389:399 Defining these properties numerically is difficult and current instruments used for bolus analysis have limitations. 28766751 11 45 theme swallow 1849:1855 arg1 point 1840:1844 the point 1836:1844 the point of swallow for all types of food 1836:1877 PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The test could be used to measure bolus properties from the initial stages of breakdown to the point of swallow for all types of food. 28766751 7 46 theme characterizing 992:1005 arg1 boluses 1007:1013 characterizing boluses 992:1013 characterizing boluses 992:1013 The test was applied to peanut boluses produced in vivo to demonstrate its potential in characterizing boluses. 28766751 8 47 theme viscosity 1103:1111 arg1 measurements 1113:1124 viscosity measurements 1103:1124 viscosity measurements 1103:1124 The deformation and slip resistance measurements correlated well with the hardness and viscosity measurements of the gels and viscous solutions respectively (correlation coefficient r = .94 between deformation resistance and hardness; r = .85 for slip resistance and hardness in gels; r = .98 for deformation resistance and viscosity; r = .93 for slip resistance and viscosity in solutions). 28766751 8 48 from hardness 1283:1290 arg1 gels 1295:1298 gels 1295:1298 gels 1295:1298 The deformation and slip resistance measurements correlated well with the hardness and viscosity measurements of the gels and viscous solutions respectively (correlation coefficient r = .94 between deformation resistance and hardness; r = .85 for slip resistance and hardness in gels; r = .98 for deformation resistance and viscosity; r = .93 for slip resistance and viscosity in solutions). 28766751 8 49 theme resistance 1041:1050 arg1 measurements 1052:1063 The deformation and slip resistance measurements 1016:1063 measurements 1052:1063 The deformation and slip resistance measurements correlated well with the hardness and viscosity measurements of the gels and viscous solutions respectively (correlation coefficient r = .94 between deformation resistance and hardness; r = .85 for slip resistance and hardness in gels; r = .98 for deformation resistance and viscosity; r = .93 for slip resistance and viscosity in solutions). 28766751 13 50 theme Swallow 2146:2152 arg1 model 2159:2163 the Swallow Safe model 2142:2163 the Swallow Safe model 2142:2163 The resistance to deformation and slip are quantitative measurements that could potentially be used to further develop the Swallow Safe model by providing numerical limits to the identified properties. 28766751 6 51 theme varying 837:843 arg1 hardness 845:852 varying hardness 837:852 varying hardness 837:852 Three food model systems were used to evaluate the SET: (a) viscous solutions with varying viscosity, (b) gels with varying hardness, and (c) particulate systems of varying cohesion. 28766751 8 52 theme gels 1133:1136 arg1 hardness 1090:1097 hardness 1090:1097 hardness 1090:1097 The deformation and slip resistance measurements correlated well with the hardness and viscosity measurements of the gels and viscous solutions respectively (correlation coefficient r = .94 between deformation resistance and hardness; r = .85 for slip resistance and hardness in gels; r = .98 for deformation resistance and viscosity; r = .93 for slip resistance and viscosity in solutions). 28766751 8 52 theme gels 1133:1136 arg1 measurements 1113:1124 viscosity measurements 1103:1124 viscosity measurements 1103:1124 The deformation and slip resistance measurements correlated well with the hardness and viscosity measurements of the gels and viscous solutions respectively (correlation coefficient r = .94 between deformation resistance and hardness; r = .85 for slip resistance and hardness in gels; r = .98 for deformation resistance and viscosity; r = .93 for slip resistance and viscosity in solutions). 28766751 6 53 dep gels 827:830 arg1 b 824:824 b 824:824 b 824:824 Three food model systems were used to evaluate the SET: (a) viscous solutions with varying viscosity, (b) gels with varying hardness, and (c) particulate systems of varying cohesion. 28766751 4 54 theme bolus 495:499 arg1 swallowability 473:486 the swallowability 469:486 the swallowability of the bolus 469:499 The slip extrusion test (SET) was developed to objectively measure the swallowability of the bolus through determination of its resistance to deformation and slip. 28766751 11 55 theme initial 1805:1811 arg1 stages 1813:1818 the initial stages 1801:1818 the initial stages of breakdown to the point of swallow for all types of food 1801:1877 PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The test could be used to measure bolus properties from the initial stages of breakdown to the point of swallow for all types of food. 28766751 1 56 theme mastication 86:96 arg1 role 78:81 The role 74:81 The role of mastication 74:96 The role of mastication is to prepare a bolus for safe swallowing. 28766751 8 57 theme slip 1363:1366 arg1 resistance 1368:1377 slip resistance 1363:1377 slip resistance 1363:1377 The deformation and slip resistance measurements correlated well with the hardness and viscosity measurements of the gels and viscous solutions respectively (correlation coefficient r = .94 between deformation resistance and hardness; r = .85 for slip resistance and hardness in gels; r = .98 for deformation resistance and viscosity; r = .93 for slip resistance and viscosity in solutions). 28766751 8 58 dep coefficient 1186:1196 arg1 r = .93 1351:1357 r = .93 1351:1357 r = .93 1351:1357 The deformation and slip resistance measurements correlated well with the hardness and viscosity measurements of the gels and viscous solutions respectively (correlation coefficient r = .94 between deformation resistance and hardness; r = .85 for slip resistance and hardness in gels; r = .98 for deformation resistance and viscosity; r = .93 for slip resistance and viscosity in solutions). 28766751 8 58 dep coefficient 1186:1196 arg1 r = .85 1251:1257 r = .85 1251:1257 r = .85 1251:1257 The deformation and slip resistance measurements correlated well with the hardness and viscosity measurements of the gels and viscous solutions respectively (correlation coefficient r = .94 between deformation resistance and hardness; r = .85 for slip resistance and hardness in gels; r = .98 for deformation resistance and viscosity; r = .93 for slip resistance and viscosity in solutions). 28766751 8 58 dep coefficient 1186:1196 arg1 r = .98 1301:1307 r = .98 1301:1307 r = .98 1301:1307 The deformation and slip resistance measurements correlated well with the hardness and viscosity measurements of the gels and viscous solutions respectively (correlation coefficient r = .94 between deformation resistance and hardness; r = .85 for slip resistance and hardness in gels; r = .98 for deformation resistance and viscosity; r = .93 for slip resistance and viscosity in solutions). 28766751 12 59 from changes 1907:1913 arg1 properties 1924:1933 bolus properties 1918:1933 bolus properties 1918:1933 The ability to measure the changes in bolus properties through all stages of breakdown using the same instrument is a significant development. 28766751 6 60 theme varying 886:892 arg1 cohesion 894:901 varying cohesion 886:901 varying cohesion 886:901 Three food model systems were used to evaluate the SET: (a) viscous solutions with varying viscosity, (b) gels with varying hardness, and (c) particulate systems of varying cohesion. 28766751 4 61 theme slip 406:409 arg1 test 421:424 The slip extrusion test 402:424 The slip extrusion test (SET) 402:430 The slip extrusion test (SET) was developed to objectively measure the swallowability of the bolus through determination of its resistance to deformation and slip. 28766751 4 61 theme slip 406:409 arg1 SET 427:429 SET 427:429 SET 427:429 The slip extrusion test (SET) was developed to objectively measure the swallowability of the bolus through determination of its resistance to deformation and slip. 28766751 12 62 theme bolus 1918:1922 arg1 properties 1924:1933 bolus properties 1918:1933 bolus properties 1918:1933 The ability to measure the changes in bolus properties through all stages of breakdown using the same instrument is a significant development. 28766751 5 63 theme swallowing 691:700 arg1 action 702:707 the swallowing action 687:707 the swallowing action of a bolus 687:718 The test measures the force needed to extrude a bolus through a bag as it is pulled through a pair of rollers, imitating the swallowing action of a bolus. 28766751 8 64 theme deformation 1214:1224 arg1 resistance 1226:1235 deformation resistance 1214:1235 deformation resistance 1214:1235 The deformation and slip resistance measurements correlated well with the hardness and viscosity measurements of the gels and viscous solutions respectively (correlation coefficient r = .94 between deformation resistance and hardness; r = .85 for slip resistance and hardness in gels; r = .98 for deformation resistance and viscosity; r = .93 for slip resistance and viscosity in solutions). 28766751 13 65 theme identified 2202:2211 arg1 properties 2213:2222 the identified properties 2198:2222 the identified properties 2198:2222 The resistance to deformation and slip are quantitative measurements that could potentially be used to further develop the Swallow Safe model by providing numerical limits to the identified properties. 28766751 6 66 dep systems 875:881 arg1 c 860:860 c 860:860 c 860:860 Three food model systems were used to evaluate the SET: (a) viscous solutions with varying viscosity, (b) gels with varying hardness, and (c) particulate systems of varying cohesion. 28766751 5 67 theme rollers 668:674 arg1 pair 660:663 a pair 658:663 a pair of rollers 658:674 The test measures the force needed to extrude a bolus through a bag as it is pulled through a pair of rollers, imitating the swallowing action of a bolus. 28766751 5 68 dep bag 630:632 arg1 pulled 643:648 pulled 643:648 is pulled through a pair of rollers 640:674 The test measures the force needed to extrude a bolus through a bag as it is pulled through a pair of rollers, imitating the swallowing action of a bolus. 28766751 0 69 theme slip 4:7 arg1 test 19:22 The slip extrusion test 0:22 The slip extrusion test 0:22 The slip extrusion test: A novel method to characterise bolus properties. 28766751 11 70 dep APPLICATIONS 1732:1743 arg1 used 1763:1766 used 1763:1766 could be used to measure bolus properties from the initial stages of breakdown to the point of swallow for all types of food 1754:1877 PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The test could be used to measure bolus properties from the initial stages of breakdown to the point of swallow for all types of food. 28766751 6 71 dep used 751:754 arg1 gels 827:830 gels 827:830 (b) gels with varying hardness 823:852 Three food model systems were used to evaluate the SET: (a) viscous solutions with varying viscosity, (b) gels with varying hardness, and (c) particulate systems of varying cohesion. 28766751 6 71 dep used 751:754 arg1 systems 875:881 particulate systems 863:881 (c) particulate systems of varying cohesion 859:901 Three food model systems were used to evaluate the SET: (a) viscous solutions with varying viscosity, (b) gels with varying hardness, and (c) particulate systems of varying cohesion. 28766751 6 71 dep used 751:754 arg1 solutions 789:797 viscous solutions 781:797 (a) viscous solutions with varying viscosity 777:820 Three food model systems were used to evaluate the SET: (a) viscous solutions with varying viscosity, (b) gels with varying hardness, and (c) particulate systems of varying cohesion. 28766751 13 72 theme quantitative 2066:2077 arg1 measurements 2079:2090 quantitative measurements 2066:2090 quantitative measurements that could potentially be used to further develop the Swallow Safe model by providing numerical limits to the identified properties 2066:2222 The resistance to deformation and slip are quantitative measurements that could potentially be used to further develop the Swallow Safe model by providing numerical limits to the identified properties. 28766751 13 72 theme quantitative 2066:2077 arg1 resistance 2027:2036 The resistance 2023:2036 The resistance to deformation and slip 2023:2060 The resistance to deformation and slip are quantitative measurements that could potentially be used to further develop the Swallow Safe model by providing numerical limits to the identified properties. 28766751 3 73 theme current 340:346 arg1 instruments 348:358 current instruments 340:358 current instruments used for bolus analysis 340:382 Defining these properties numerically is difficult and current instruments used for bolus analysis have limitations. 28766751 4 74 theme resistance 530:539 arg1 determination 509:521 determination 509:521 determination of its resistance to deformation and slip 509:563 The slip extrusion test (SET) was developed to objectively measure the swallowability of the bolus through determination of its resistance to deformation and slip. 28766751 8 75 dep hardness 1090:1097 arg1 the 1086:1088 the 1086:1088 the 1086:1088 The deformation and slip resistance measurements correlated well with the hardness and viscosity measurements of the gels and viscous solutions respectively (correlation coefficient r = .94 between deformation resistance and hardness; r = .85 for slip resistance and hardness in gels; r = .98 for deformation resistance and viscosity; r = .93 for slip resistance and viscosity in solutions). 28766751 2 76 theme Swallow 145:151 arg1 model 158:162 The Swallow Safe model 141:162 The Swallow Safe model 141:162 The Swallow Safe model defines deformability, slippiness, and cohesiveness as key properties that influence whether a bolus is safe to swallow. 28766751 0 77 dep method 33:38 arg1 test 19:22 The slip extrusion test 0:22 The slip extrusion test 0:22 The slip extrusion test: A novel method to characterise bolus properties. 28766751 0 77 dep method 33:38 arg1 characterise 43:54 characterise 43:54 to characterise bolus properties 40:71 The slip extrusion test: A novel method to characterise bolus properties. 28766751 14 78 theme dysphagia 2283:2291 arg1 sufferers 2293:2301 dysphagia sufferers 2283:2301 dysphagia sufferers 2283:2301 This could be of interest to the development of foods for dysphagia sufferers. 28766751 5 79 theme bolus 714:718 arg1 action 702:707 the swallowing action 687:707 the swallowing action of a bolus 687:718 The test measures the force needed to extrude a bolus through a bag as it is pulled through a pair of rollers, imitating the swallowing action of a bolus. 28766751 9 80 theme wide 1476:1479 arg1 range 1481:1485 a wide range 1474:1485 a wide range of foods of different structure and composition 1474:1533 The advantage of the SET is it can evaluate the swallowability of a wide range of foods of different structure and composition. 28766751 3 81 theme bolus 369:373 arg1 analysis 375:382 bolus analysis 369:382 bolus analysis 369:382 Defining these properties numerically is difficult and current instruments used for bolus analysis have limitations. 28766751 14 82 theme foods 2273:2277 arg1 development 2258:2268 the development 2254:2268 the development of foods for dysphagia sufferers 2254:2301 This could be of interest to the development of foods for dysphagia sufferers. 28766751 11 83 theme PRACTICAL 1722:1730 arg1 APPLICATIONS 1732:1743 PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS 1722:1743 PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The test could be used to measure bolus properties from the initial stages of breakdown to the point of swallow for all types of food. 1722:1878 PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The test could be used to measure bolus properties from the initial stages of breakdown to the point of swallow for all types of food. 28766751 8 84 dep respectively 1160:1171 arg1 coefficient 1186:1196 correlation coefficient r = .94 1174:1204 correlation coefficient r = .94 between deformation resistance and hardness; r = .85 for slip resistance and hardness in gels; r = .98 for deformation resistance and viscosity; r = .93 for slip resistance and viscosity in solutions 1174:1404 The deformation and slip resistance measurements correlated well with the hardness and viscosity measurements of the gels and viscous solutions respectively (correlation coefficient r = .94 between deformation resistance and hardness; r = .85 for slip resistance and hardness in gels; r = .98 for deformation resistance and viscosity; r = .93 for slip resistance and viscosity in solutions). 28766751 10 85 used used 1560:1563 arg2 It 1536:1537 It 1536:1537 It 1536:1537 It could potentially be used to investigate the properties of boluses throughout oral processing and help in establishing the criteria for a safe to swallow bolus in a quantitative way. 28766751 10 86 theme safe 1677:1680 arg1 bolus 1693:1697 a safe to swallow bolus 1675:1697 a safe to swallow bolus 1675:1697 It could potentially be used to investigate the properties of boluses throughout oral processing and help in establishing the criteria for a safe to swallow bolus in a quantitative way. 28766751 8 87 theme viscous 1142:1148 arg1 solutions 1150:1158 viscous solutions 1142:1158 viscous solutions 1142:1158 The deformation and slip resistance measurements correlated well with the hardness and viscosity measurements of the gels and viscous solutions respectively (correlation coefficient r = .94 between deformation resistance and hardness; r = .85 for slip resistance and hardness in gels; r = .98 for deformation resistance and viscosity; r = .93 for slip resistance and viscosity in solutions). 28766751 6 88 dep solutions 789:797 arg1 a 778:778 a 778:778 a 778:778 Three food model systems were used to evaluate the SET: (a) viscous solutions with varying viscosity, (b) gels with varying hardness, and (c) particulate systems of varying cohesion. 28766751 8 89 theme deformation 1313:1323 arg1 resistance 1325:1334 deformation resistance 1313:1334 deformation resistance 1313:1334 The deformation and slip resistance measurements correlated well with the hardness and viscosity measurements of the gels and viscous solutions respectively (correlation coefficient r = .94 between deformation resistance and hardness; r = .85 for slip resistance and hardness in gels; r = .98 for deformation resistance and viscosity; r = .93 for slip resistance and viscosity in solutions). 28766751 10 90 theme boluses 1598:1604 arg1 properties 1584:1593 the properties 1580:1593 the properties of boluses 1580:1604 It could potentially be used to investigate the properties of boluses throughout oral processing and help in establishing the criteria for a safe to swallow bolus in a quantitative way. 26731309 1 0 theme critical 401:408 arg1 factors 410:416 the critical factors 397:416 the critical factors 397:416 The adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid (MWF) on activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) was investigated under a statistical design of experiments at a 95% confidence interval to identify the critical factors and to optimize the adsorption capacity. 26731309 5 1 dep weight 1150:1155 arg1 chitosan 1236:1243 chitosan 1236:1243 chitosan 1236:1243 From the FCCC-RSM design, the optimal capacity range of 2840-2922.5 mg g(-1) was achieved at sorbent weight of 1.6-1.9 g, pH of 5.5-6.5, initial MWF concentration of 52-55 g l(-1) and BE:chitosan:SDS (w/w/w) ratio of 4.7:1:1-6.2:1:1. 26731309 5 1 dep weight 1150:1155 arg1 ratio 1257:1261 SDS (w/w/w) ratio 1245:1261 SDS (w/w/w) ratio of 4.7:1:1-6.2:1:1 1245:1280 From the FCCC-RSM design, the optimal capacity range of 2840-2922.5 mg g(-1) was achieved at sorbent weight of 1.6-1.9 g, pH of 5.5-6.5, initial MWF concentration of 52-55 g l(-1) and BE:chitosan:SDS (w/w/w) ratio of 4.7:1:1-6.2:1:1. 26731309 1 2 theme -chitosan-sodium 238:253 arg1 SDS 272:274 SDS 272:274 SDS 272:274 The adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid (MWF) on activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) was investigated under a statistical design of experiments at a 95% confidence interval to identify the critical factors and to optimize the adsorption capacity. 26731309 1 2 theme -chitosan-sodium 238:253 arg1 sulfate 263:269 -chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate 238:269 activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) 208:295 The adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid (MWF) on activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) was investigated under a statistical design of experiments at a 95% confidence interval to identify the critical factors and to optimize the adsorption capacity. 26731309 7 3 theme isotherm 1805:1812 arg1 model 1814:1818 Freundlich isotherm model 1794:1818 Freundlich isotherm model 1794:1818 From three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) and two adsorption isotherms (Langmuir model and Freundlich model), assessed using an error function (Err) and the coefficient of determination (R(2)), Avrami's equation and Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fitting for the data, suggesting the presence of more than one reaction pathway in the MWF adsorption process and the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite. 26731309 2 4 theme Brunauer-Emmett-Teller 572:593 arg1 isotherms 617:625 Brunauer-Emmett-Teller adsorption/desorption isotherms 572:625 Brunauer-Emmett-Teller adsorption/desorption isotherms 572:625 The BE/MCS adsorbents were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller adsorption/desorption isotherms, contact angle analysis (sessile drop technique) and their zeta potential. 26731309 7 5 theme adsorption 1628:1637 arg1 isotherms 1639:1647 two adsorption isotherms 1624:1647 two adsorption isotherms 1624:1647 From three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) and two adsorption isotherms (Langmuir model and Freundlich model), assessed using an error function (Err) and the coefficient of determination (R(2)), Avrami's equation and Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fitting for the data, suggesting the presence of more than one reaction pathway in the MWF adsorption process and the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite. 26731309 1 6 dep interval 376:383 arg1 identify 388:395 identify 388:395 to identify the critical factors 385:416 The adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid (MWF) on activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) was investigated under a statistical design of experiments at a 95% confidence interval to identify the critical factors and to optimize the adsorption capacity. 26731309 1 6 dep interval 376:383 arg1 optimize 425:432 optimize 425:432 to optimize the adsorption capacity 422:456 The adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid (MWF) on activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) was investigated under a statistical design of experiments at a 95% confidence interval to identify the critical factors and to optimize the adsorption capacity. 26731309 1 7 theme sulfate 263:269 arg1 BE/MCS 289:294 BE/MCS 289:294 BE/MCS 289:294 The adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid (MWF) on activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) was investigated under a statistical design of experiments at a 95% confidence interval to identify the critical factors and to optimize the adsorption capacity. 26731309 1 7 theme sulfate 263:269 arg1 composites 277:286 activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites 208:286 activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) 208:295 The adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid (MWF) on activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) was investigated under a statistical design of experiments at a 95% confidence interval to identify the critical factors and to optimize the adsorption capacity. 26731309 6 8 theme adsorption 1374:1383 arg1 capacity 1385:1392 the estimated adsorption capacity 1360:1392 the estimated adsorption capacity 1360:1392 To test the validation and sensitivity of RSM model, the results showed that the estimated adsorption capacity was close to the experimental capacity within an error range of ±3%, suggesting that the RSM model was acceptable and satisfied. 26731309 6 8 theme adsorption 1374:1383 arg1 capacity 1424:1431 the experimental capacity 1407:1431 the experimental capacity 1407:1431 To test the validation and sensitivity of RSM model, the results showed that the estimated adsorption capacity was close to the experimental capacity within an error range of ±3%, suggesting that the RSM model was acceptable and satisfied. 26731309 1 9 theme metalworking 180:191 arg1 fluid 193:197 metalworking fluid 180:197 metalworking fluid (MWF) on activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) 180:295 The adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid (MWF) on activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) was investigated under a statistical design of experiments at a 95% confidence interval to identify the critical factors and to optimize the adsorption capacity. 26731309 1 9 theme metalworking 180:191 arg1 MWF 200:202 MWF 200:202 MWF 200:202 The adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid (MWF) on activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) was investigated under a statistical design of experiments at a 95% confidence interval to identify the critical factors and to optimize the adsorption capacity. 26731309 2 10 theme contact 628:634 arg1 technique 665:673 sessile drop technique 652:673 sessile drop technique 652:673 The BE/MCS adsorbents were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller adsorption/desorption isotherms, contact angle analysis (sessile drop technique) and their zeta potential. 26731309 2 10 theme contact 628:634 arg1 analysis 642:649 contact angle analysis 628:649 contact angle analysis (sessile drop technique) 628:674 The BE/MCS adsorbents were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller adsorption/desorption isotherms, contact angle analysis (sessile drop technique) and their zeta potential. 26731309 7 11 theme pathway 1908:1914 arg1 adsorption 1976:1985 the heterogeneous surface adsorption 1950:1985 the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite 1950:2013 From three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) and two adsorption isotherms (Langmuir model and Freundlich model), assessed using an error function (Err) and the coefficient of determination (R(2)), Avrami's equation and Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fitting for the data, suggesting the presence of more than one reaction pathway in the MWF adsorption process and the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite. 26731309 7 11 theme pathway 1908:1914 arg1 presence 1873:1880 the presence 1869:1880 the presence of more than one reaction pathway in the MWF adsorption process 1869:1944 From three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) and two adsorption isotherms (Langmuir model and Freundlich model), assessed using an error function (Err) and the coefficient of determination (R(2)), Avrami's equation and Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fitting for the data, suggesting the presence of more than one reaction pathway in the MWF adsorption process and the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite. 26731309 1 12 theme adsorption 438:447 arg1 capacity 449:456 the adsorption capacity 434:456 the adsorption capacity 434:456 The adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid (MWF) on activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) was investigated under a statistical design of experiments at a 95% confidence interval to identify the critical factors and to optimize the adsorption capacity. 26731309 3 13 contain had 824:826 arg1 weight 791:796 the adsorbent weight 777:796 the adsorbent weight 777:796 From the results of a full 2(5) factorial design with three center points, the adsorbent weight and initial pH of the MWF had a significant antagonistic effect on the adsorption capacity while the initial MWF concentration and BE:chitosan:SDS weight ratio had a synergistic influence. 26731309 3 13 contain had 824:826 arg1 pH 810:811 initial pH 802:811 initial pH 802:811 From the results of a full 2(5) factorial design with three center points, the adsorbent weight and initial pH of the MWF had a significant antagonistic effect on the adsorption capacity while the initial MWF concentration and BE:chitosan:SDS weight ratio had a synergistic influence. 26731309 3 13 contain had 824:826 arg2 effect 855:860 a significant antagonistic effect 828:860 a significant antagonistic effect 828:860 From the results of a full 2(5) factorial design with three center points, the adsorbent weight and initial pH of the MWF had a significant antagonistic effect on the adsorption capacity while the initial MWF concentration and BE:chitosan:SDS weight ratio had a synergistic influence. 26731309 7 14 from adsorption 1976:1985 arg1 process 1938:1944 the MWF adsorption process 1919:1944 the MWF adsorption process 1919:1944 From three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) and two adsorption isotherms (Langmuir model and Freundlich model), assessed using an error function (Err) and the coefficient of determination (R(2)), Avrami's equation and Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fitting for the data, suggesting the presence of more than one reaction pathway in the MWF adsorption process and the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite. 26731309 2 15 theme X-ray 512:516 arg1 diffraction 518:528 X-ray diffraction 512:528 X-ray diffraction 512:528 The BE/MCS adsorbents were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller adsorption/desorption isotherms, contact angle analysis (sessile drop technique) and their zeta potential. 26731309 1 16 theme % 363:363 arg1 interval 376:383 a 95% confidence interval 359:383 a 95% confidence interval to identify the critical factors and to optimize the adsorption capacity 359:456 The adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid (MWF) on activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) was investigated under a statistical design of experiments at a 95% confidence interval to identify the critical factors and to optimize the adsorption capacity. 26731309 6 17 theme error 1443:1447 arg1 range 1449:1453 an error range 1440:1453 an error range of ±3% 1440:1460 To test the validation and sensitivity of RSM model, the results showed that the estimated adsorption capacity was close to the experimental capacity within an error range of ±3%, suggesting that the RSM model was acceptable and satisfied. 26731309 1 18 theme activated 208:216 arg1 BE/MCS 289:294 BE/MCS 289:294 BE/MCS 289:294 The adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid (MWF) on activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) was investigated under a statistical design of experiments at a 95% confidence interval to identify the critical factors and to optimize the adsorption capacity. 26731309 1 18 theme activated 208:216 arg1 composites 277:286 activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites 208:286 activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) 208:295 The adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid (MWF) on activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) was investigated under a statistical design of experiments at a 95% confidence interval to identify the critical factors and to optimize the adsorption capacity. 26731309 1 19 dep earth 228:232 arg1 BE 235:236 BE 235:236 BE 235:236 The adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid (MWF) on activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) was investigated under a statistical design of experiments at a 95% confidence interval to identify the critical factors and to optimize the adsorption capacity. 26731309 3 20 theme factorial 734:742 arg1 design 744:749 a full 2(5) factorial design 722:749 a full 2(5) factorial design with three center points 722:774 From the results of a full 2(5) factorial design with three center points, the adsorbent weight and initial pH of the MWF had a significant antagonistic effect on the adsorption capacity while the initial MWF concentration and BE:chitosan:SDS weight ratio had a synergistic influence. 26731309 6 21 theme experimental 1411:1422 arg1 capacity 1385:1392 the estimated adsorption capacity 1360:1392 the estimated adsorption capacity 1360:1392 To test the validation and sensitivity of RSM model, the results showed that the estimated adsorption capacity was close to the experimental capacity within an error range of ±3%, suggesting that the RSM model was acceptable and satisfied. 26731309 6 21 theme experimental 1411:1422 arg1 capacity 1424:1431 the experimental capacity 1407:1431 the experimental capacity 1407:1431 To test the validation and sensitivity of RSM model, the results showed that the estimated adsorption capacity was close to the experimental capacity within an error range of ±3%, suggesting that the RSM model was acceptable and satisfied. 26731309 7 22 theme pseudo-first-order 1551:1568 arg1 models 1543:1548 three kinetics models 1528:1548 three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) 1528:1618 From three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) and two adsorption isotherms (Langmuir model and Freundlich model), assessed using an error function (Err) and the coefficient of determination (R(2)), Avrami's equation and Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fitting for the data, suggesting the presence of more than one reaction pathway in the MWF adsorption process and the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite. 26731309 7 22 theme pseudo-first-order 1551:1568 arg1 model 1591:1595 pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model 1551:1595 pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model 1551:1595 From three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) and two adsorption isotherms (Langmuir model and Freundlich model), assessed using an error function (Err) and the coefficient of determination (R(2)), Avrami's equation and Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fitting for the data, suggesting the presence of more than one reaction pathway in the MWF adsorption process and the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite. 26731309 6 23 theme RSM 1483:1485 arg1 acceptable 1497:1506 acceptable 1497:1506 acceptable 1497:1506 To test the validation and sensitivity of RSM model, the results showed that the estimated adsorption capacity was close to the experimental capacity within an error range of ±3%, suggesting that the RSM model was acceptable and satisfied. 26731309 6 23 theme RSM 1483:1485 arg1 model 1487:1491 the RSM model 1479:1491 the RSM model 1479:1491 To test the validation and sensitivity of RSM model, the results showed that the estimated adsorption capacity was close to the experimental capacity within an error range of ±3%, suggesting that the RSM model was acceptable and satisfied. 26731309 5 24 theme MWF 1194:1196 arg1 weight 1150:1155 sorbent weight 1142:1155 sorbent weight of 1.6-1.9 g 1142:1168 From the FCCC-RSM design, the optimal capacity range of 2840-2922.5 mg g(-1) was achieved at sorbent weight of 1.6-1.9 g, pH of 5.5-6.5, initial MWF concentration of 52-55 g l(-1) and BE:chitosan:SDS (w/w/w) ratio of 4.7:1:1-6.2:1:1. 26731309 5 24 theme MWF 1194:1196 arg1 concentration 1198:1210 initial MWF concentration 1186:1210 initial MWF concentration of 52-55 g l(-1) and BE 1186:1234 From the FCCC-RSM design, the optimal capacity range of 2840-2922.5 mg g(-1) was achieved at sorbent weight of 1.6-1.9 g, pH of 5.5-6.5, initial MWF concentration of 52-55 g l(-1) and BE:chitosan:SDS (w/w/w) ratio of 4.7:1:1-6.2:1:1. 26731309 3 25 theme center 762:767 arg1 points 769:774 three center points 756:774 three center points 756:774 From the results of a full 2(5) factorial design with three center points, the adsorbent weight and initial pH of the MWF had a significant antagonistic effect on the adsorption capacity while the initial MWF concentration and BE:chitosan:SDS weight ratio had a synergistic influence. 26731309 0 26 theme activated 56:64 arg1 bleaching 66:74 activated bleaching 56:74 activated bleaching 56:74 Adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid on activated bleaching earth-chitosan-SDS composites: Optimization, kinetics, isotherms. 26731309 3 27 theme significant 830:840 arg1 effect 855:860 a significant antagonistic effect 828:860 a significant antagonistic effect 828:860 From the results of a full 2(5) factorial design with three center points, the adsorbent weight and initial pH of the MWF had a significant antagonistic effect on the adsorption capacity while the initial MWF concentration and BE:chitosan:SDS weight ratio had a synergistic influence. 26731309 1 28 theme oil 171:173 arg1 adsorption 146:155 The adsorption 142:155 The adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid (MWF) on activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) 142:295 The adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid (MWF) on activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) was investigated under a statistical design of experiments at a 95% confidence interval to identify the critical factors and to optimize the adsorption capacity. 26731309 0 29 from Adsorption 0:9 arg1 fluid 47:51 metalworking fluid 34:51 metalworking fluid 34:51 Adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid on activated bleaching earth-chitosan-SDS composites: Optimization, kinetics, isotherms. 26731309 0 29 from Adsorption 0:9 arg1 bleaching 66:74 activated bleaching 56:74 activated bleaching 56:74 Adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid on activated bleaching earth-chitosan-SDS composites: Optimization, kinetics, isotherms. 26731309 2 30 theme drop 660:663 arg1 technique 665:673 sessile drop technique 652:673 sessile drop technique 652:673 The BE/MCS adsorbents were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller adsorption/desorption isotherms, contact angle analysis (sessile drop technique) and their zeta potential. 26731309 2 30 theme drop 660:663 arg1 analysis 642:649 contact angle analysis 628:649 contact angle analysis (sessile drop technique) 628:674 The BE/MCS adsorbents were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller adsorption/desorption isotherms, contact angle analysis (sessile drop technique) and their zeta potential. 26731309 3 31 theme adsorbent 781:789 arg1 weight 791:796 the adsorbent weight 777:796 the adsorbent weight 777:796 From the results of a full 2(5) factorial design with three center points, the adsorbent weight and initial pH of the MWF had a significant antagonistic effect on the adsorption capacity while the initial MWF concentration and BE:chitosan:SDS weight ratio had a synergistic influence. 26731309 1 32 from fluid 193:197 arg1 BE/MCS 289:294 BE/MCS 289:294 BE/MCS 289:294 The adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid (MWF) on activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) was investigated under a statistical design of experiments at a 95% confidence interval to identify the critical factors and to optimize the adsorption capacity. 26731309 1 32 from fluid 193:197 arg1 composites 277:286 activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites 208:286 activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) 208:295 The adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid (MWF) on activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) was investigated under a statistical design of experiments at a 95% confidence interval to identify the critical factors and to optimize the adsorption capacity. 26731309 1 32 from fluid 193:197 arg1 adsorption 146:155 The adsorption 142:155 The adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid (MWF) on activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) 142:295 The adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid (MWF) on activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) was investigated under a statistical design of experiments at a 95% confidence interval to identify the critical factors and to optimize the adsorption capacity. 26731309 1 32 from fluid 193:197 arg1 oil 171:173 emulsified oil 160:173 emulsified oil from metalworking fluid (MWF) on activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) 160:295 The adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid (MWF) on activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) was investigated under a statistical design of experiments at a 95% confidence interval to identify the critical factors and to optimize the adsorption capacity. 26731309 4 33 contain has 1006:1008 arg1 factor 999:1004 Temperature factor 987:1004 Temperature factor 987:1004 Temperature factor has no discernible effect on the capacity. 26731309 4 33 contain has 1006:1008 arg2 effect 1025:1030 no discernible effect 1010:1030 no discernible effect 1010:1030 Temperature factor has no discernible effect on the capacity. 26731309 1 34 from adsorption 146:155 arg1 fluid 193:197 metalworking fluid 180:197 metalworking fluid (MWF) on activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) 180:295 The adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid (MWF) on activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) was investigated under a statistical design of experiments at a 95% confidence interval to identify the critical factors and to optimize the adsorption capacity. 26731309 1 34 from adsorption 146:155 arg1 MWF 200:202 MWF 200:202 MWF 200:202 The adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid (MWF) on activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) was investigated under a statistical design of experiments at a 95% confidence interval to identify the critical factors and to optimize the adsorption capacity. 26731309 0 35 from fluid 47:51 arg1 Adsorption 0:9 Adsorption 0:9 Adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid on activated bleaching 0:74 Adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid on activated bleaching earth-chitosan-SDS composites: Optimization, kinetics, isotherms. 26731309 0 35 from fluid 47:51 arg1 oil 25:27 emulsified oil 14:27 emulsified oil from metalworking fluid 14:51 Adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid on activated bleaching earth-chitosan-SDS composites: Optimization, kinetics, isotherms. 26731309 1 36 theme experiments 344:354 arg1 design 334:339 a statistical design 320:339 a statistical design of experiments 320:354 The adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid (MWF) on activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) was investigated under a statistical design of experiments at a 95% confidence interval to identify the critical factors and to optimize the adsorption capacity. 26731309 6 37 theme % 1460:1460 arg1 range 1449:1453 an error range 1440:1453 an error range of ±3% 1440:1460 To test the validation and sensitivity of RSM model, the results showed that the estimated adsorption capacity was close to the experimental capacity within an error range of ±3%, suggesting that the RSM model was acceptable and satisfied. 26731309 7 38 theme composite 2005:2013 arg1 adsorption 1976:1985 the heterogeneous surface adsorption 1950:1985 the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite 1950:2013 From three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) and two adsorption isotherms (Langmuir model and Freundlich model), assessed using an error function (Err) and the coefficient of determination (R(2)), Avrami's equation and Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fitting for the data, suggesting the presence of more than one reaction pathway in the MWF adsorption process and the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite. 26731309 7 38 theme composite 2005:2013 arg1 presence 1873:1880 the presence 1869:1880 the presence of more than one reaction pathway in the MWF adsorption process 1869:1944 From three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) and two adsorption isotherms (Langmuir model and Freundlich model), assessed using an error function (Err) and the coefficient of determination (R(2)), Avrami's equation and Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fitting for the data, suggesting the presence of more than one reaction pathway in the MWF adsorption process and the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite. 26731309 5 39 theme mg 1117:1118 arg1 g 1120:1120 2840-2922.5 mg g 1105:1120 2840-2922.5 mg g(-1) 1105:1124 From the FCCC-RSM design, the optimal capacity range of 2840-2922.5 mg g(-1) was achieved at sorbent weight of 1.6-1.9 g, pH of 5.5-6.5, initial MWF concentration of 52-55 g l(-1) and BE:chitosan:SDS (w/w/w) ratio of 4.7:1:1-6.2:1:1. 26731309 5 39 theme mg 1117:1118 arg1 -1 1122:1123 -1 1122:1123 -1 1122:1123 From the FCCC-RSM design, the optimal capacity range of 2840-2922.5 mg g(-1) was achieved at sorbent weight of 1.6-1.9 g, pH of 5.5-6.5, initial MWF concentration of 52-55 g l(-1) and BE:chitosan:SDS (w/w/w) ratio of 4.7:1:1-6.2:1:1. 26731309 7 40 from presence 1873:1880 arg1 process 1938:1944 the MWF adsorption process 1919:1944 the MWF adsorption process 1919:1944 From three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) and two adsorption isotherms (Langmuir model and Freundlich model), assessed using an error function (Err) and the coefficient of determination (R(2)), Avrami's equation and Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fitting for the data, suggesting the presence of more than one reaction pathway in the MWF adsorption process and the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite. 26731309 4 41 theme Temperature 987:997 arg1 factor 999:1004 Temperature factor 987:1004 Temperature factor 987:1004 Temperature factor has no discernible effect on the capacity. 26731309 0 42 theme emulsified 14:23 arg1 oil 25:27 emulsified oil 14:27 emulsified oil from metalworking fluid 14:51 Adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid on activated bleaching earth-chitosan-SDS composites: Optimization, kinetics, isotherms. 26731309 5 43 theme g 1221:1221 arg1 -1 1225:1226 -1 1225:1226 -1 1225:1226 From the FCCC-RSM design, the optimal capacity range of 2840-2922.5 mg g(-1) was achieved at sorbent weight of 1.6-1.9 g, pH of 5.5-6.5, initial MWF concentration of 52-55 g l(-1) and BE:chitosan:SDS (w/w/w) ratio of 4.7:1:1-6.2:1:1. 26731309 5 43 theme g 1221:1221 arg1 l 1223:1223 52-55 g l 1215:1223 52-55 g l(-1) 1215:1227 From the FCCC-RSM design, the optimal capacity range of 2840-2922.5 mg g(-1) was achieved at sorbent weight of 1.6-1.9 g, pH of 5.5-6.5, initial MWF concentration of 52-55 g l(-1) and BE:chitosan:SDS (w/w/w) ratio of 4.7:1:1-6.2:1:1. 26731309 5 44 theme capacity 1087:1094 arg1 range 1096:1100 the optimal capacity range 1075:1100 the optimal capacity range of 2840-2922.5 mg g(-1) 1075:1124 From the FCCC-RSM design, the optimal capacity range of 2840-2922.5 mg g(-1) was achieved at sorbent weight of 1.6-1.9 g, pH of 5.5-6.5, initial MWF concentration of 52-55 g l(-1) and BE:chitosan:SDS (w/w/w) ratio of 4.7:1:1-6.2:1:1. 26731309 7 45 theme heterogeneous 1954:1966 arg1 adsorption 1976:1985 the heterogeneous surface adsorption 1950:1985 the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite 1950:2013 From three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) and two adsorption isotherms (Langmuir model and Freundlich model), assessed using an error function (Err) and the coefficient of determination (R(2)), Avrami's equation and Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fitting for the data, suggesting the presence of more than one reaction pathway in the MWF adsorption process and the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite. 26731309 5 46 theme SDS 1245:1247 arg1 ratio 1257:1261 SDS (w/w/w) ratio 1245:1261 SDS (w/w/w) ratio of 4.7:1:1-6.2:1:1 1245:1280 From the FCCC-RSM design, the optimal capacity range of 2840-2922.5 mg g(-1) was achieved at sorbent weight of 1.6-1.9 g, pH of 5.5-6.5, initial MWF concentration of 52-55 g l(-1) and BE:chitosan:SDS (w/w/w) ratio of 4.7:1:1-6.2:1:1. 26731309 3 47 theme MWF 907:909 arg1 concentration 911:923 the initial MWF concentration 895:923 the initial MWF concentration 895:923 From the results of a full 2(5) factorial design with three center points, the adsorbent weight and initial pH of the MWF had a significant antagonistic effect on the adsorption capacity while the initial MWF concentration and BE:chitosan:SDS weight ratio had a synergistic influence. 26731309 5 48 theme w/w/w 1250:1254 arg1 ratio 1257:1261 SDS (w/w/w) ratio 1245:1261 SDS (w/w/w) ratio of 4.7:1:1-6.2:1:1 1245:1280 From the FCCC-RSM design, the optimal capacity range of 2840-2922.5 mg g(-1) was achieved at sorbent weight of 1.6-1.9 g, pH of 5.5-6.5, initial MWF concentration of 52-55 g l(-1) and BE:chitosan:SDS (w/w/w) ratio of 4.7:1:1-6.2:1:1. 26731309 1 49 theme bleaching 218:226 arg1 earth 228:232 bleaching earth 218:232 activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) 208:295 The adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid (MWF) on activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) was investigated under a statistical design of experiments at a 95% confidence interval to identify the critical factors and to optimize the adsorption capacity. 26731309 7 50 theme Langmuir 1650:1657 arg1 models 1543:1548 three kinetics models 1528:1548 three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) 1528:1618 From three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) and two adsorption isotherms (Langmuir model and Freundlich model), assessed using an error function (Err) and the coefficient of determination (R(2)), Avrami's equation and Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fitting for the data, suggesting the presence of more than one reaction pathway in the MWF adsorption process and the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite. 26731309 7 50 theme Langmuir 1650:1657 arg1 model 1659:1663 Langmuir model 1650:1663 Langmuir model 1650:1663 From three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) and two adsorption isotherms (Langmuir model and Freundlich model), assessed using an error function (Err) and the coefficient of determination (R(2)), Avrami's equation and Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fitting for the data, suggesting the presence of more than one reaction pathway in the MWF adsorption process and the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite. 26731309 7 51 theme adsorption 1927:1936 arg1 process 1938:1944 the MWF adsorption process 1919:1944 the MWF adsorption process 1919:1944 From three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) and two adsorption isotherms (Langmuir model and Freundlich model), assessed using an error function (Err) and the coefficient of determination (R(2)), Avrami's equation and Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fitting for the data, suggesting the presence of more than one reaction pathway in the MWF adsorption process and the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite. 26731309 5 52 theme BE 1233:1234 arg1 weight 1150:1155 sorbent weight 1142:1155 sorbent weight of 1.6-1.9 g 1142:1168 From the FCCC-RSM design, the optimal capacity range of 2840-2922.5 mg g(-1) was achieved at sorbent weight of 1.6-1.9 g, pH of 5.5-6.5, initial MWF concentration of 52-55 g l(-1) and BE:chitosan:SDS (w/w/w) ratio of 4.7:1:1-6.2:1:1. 26731309 5 52 theme BE 1233:1234 arg1 concentration 1198:1210 initial MWF concentration 1186:1210 initial MWF concentration of 52-55 g l(-1) and BE 1186:1234 From the FCCC-RSM design, the optimal capacity range of 2840-2922.5 mg g(-1) was achieved at sorbent weight of 1.6-1.9 g, pH of 5.5-6.5, initial MWF concentration of 52-55 g l(-1) and BE:chitosan:SDS (w/w/w) ratio of 4.7:1:1-6.2:1:1. 26731309 6 53 theme RSM 1325:1327 arg1 model 1329:1333 RSM model 1325:1333 RSM model 1325:1333 To test the validation and sensitivity of RSM model, the results showed that the estimated adsorption capacity was close to the experimental capacity within an error range of ±3%, suggesting that the RSM model was acceptable and satisfied. 26731309 2 54 dep Fourier 531:537 arg1 transform 539:547 transform 539:547 transform infrared spectroscopy 539:569 The BE/MCS adsorbents were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller adsorption/desorption isotherms, contact angle analysis (sessile drop technique) and their zeta potential. 26731309 2 55 theme adsorption/desorption 595:615 arg1 isotherms 617:625 Brunauer-Emmett-Teller adsorption/desorption isotherms 572:625 Brunauer-Emmett-Teller adsorption/desorption isotherms 572:625 The BE/MCS adsorbents were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller adsorption/desorption isotherms, contact angle analysis (sessile drop technique) and their zeta potential. 26731309 4 56 theme discernible 1013:1023 arg1 effect 1025:1030 no discernible effect 1010:1030 no discernible effect 1010:1030 Temperature factor has no discernible effect on the capacity. 26731309 1 57 theme dodecyl 255:261 arg1 SDS 272:274 SDS 272:274 SDS 272:274 The adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid (MWF) on activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) was investigated under a statistical design of experiments at a 95% confidence interval to identify the critical factors and to optimize the adsorption capacity. 26731309 1 57 theme dodecyl 255:261 arg1 sulfate 263:269 -chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate 238:269 activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) 208:295 The adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid (MWF) on activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) was investigated under a statistical design of experiments at a 95% confidence interval to identify the critical factors and to optimize the adsorption capacity. 26731309 3 58 theme weight 945:950 arg1 ratio 952:956 SDS weight ratio 941:956 BE:chitosan:SDS weight ratio 929:956 From the results of a full 2(5) factorial design with three center points, the adsorbent weight and initial pH of the MWF had a significant antagonistic effect on the adsorption capacity while the initial MWF concentration and BE:chitosan:SDS weight ratio had a synergistic influence. 26731309 3 59 dep BE 929:930 arg1 chitosan 932:939 chitosan 932:939 BE:chitosan:SDS weight ratio 929:956 From the results of a full 2(5) factorial design with three center points, the adsorbent weight and initial pH of the MWF had a significant antagonistic effect on the adsorption capacity while the initial MWF concentration and BE:chitosan:SDS weight ratio had a synergistic influence. 26731309 3 59 dep BE 929:930 arg1 ratio 952:956 SDS weight ratio 941:956 BE:chitosan:SDS weight ratio 929:956 From the results of a full 2(5) factorial design with three center points, the adsorbent weight and initial pH of the MWF had a significant antagonistic effect on the adsorption capacity while the initial MWF concentration and BE:chitosan:SDS weight ratio had a synergistic influence. 26731309 3 60 theme full 724:727 arg1 design 744:749 a full 2(5) factorial design 722:749 a full 2(5) factorial design with three center points 722:774 From the results of a full 2(5) factorial design with three center points, the adsorbent weight and initial pH of the MWF had a significant antagonistic effect on the adsorption capacity while the initial MWF concentration and BE:chitosan:SDS weight ratio had a synergistic influence. 26731309 7 61 theme Freundlich 1794:1803 arg1 model 1814:1818 Freundlich isotherm model 1794:1818 Freundlich isotherm model 1794:1818 From three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) and two adsorption isotherms (Langmuir model and Freundlich model), assessed using an error function (Err) and the coefficient of determination (R(2)), Avrami's equation and Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fitting for the data, suggesting the presence of more than one reaction pathway in the MWF adsorption process and the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite. 26731309 2 62 theme angle 636:640 arg1 technique 665:673 sessile drop technique 652:673 sessile drop technique 652:673 The BE/MCS adsorbents were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller adsorption/desorption isotherms, contact angle analysis (sessile drop technique) and their zeta potential. 26731309 2 62 theme angle 636:640 arg1 analysis 642:649 contact angle analysis 628:649 contact angle analysis (sessile drop technique) 628:674 The BE/MCS adsorbents were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller adsorption/desorption isotherms, contact angle analysis (sessile drop technique) and their zeta potential. 26731309 7 63 theme MWF 1923:1925 arg1 process 1938:1944 the MWF adsorption process 1919:1944 the MWF adsorption process 1919:1944 From three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) and two adsorption isotherms (Langmuir model and Freundlich model), assessed using an error function (Err) and the coefficient of determination (R(2)), Avrami's equation and Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fitting for the data, suggesting the presence of more than one reaction pathway in the MWF adsorption process and the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite. 26731309 6 64 theme estimated 1364:1372 arg1 capacity 1385:1392 the estimated adsorption capacity 1360:1392 the estimated adsorption capacity 1360:1392 To test the validation and sensitivity of RSM model, the results showed that the estimated adsorption capacity was close to the experimental capacity within an error range of ±3%, suggesting that the RSM model was acceptable and satisfied. 26731309 6 64 theme estimated 1364:1372 arg1 capacity 1424:1431 the experimental capacity 1407:1431 the experimental capacity 1407:1431 To test the validation and sensitivity of RSM model, the results showed that the estimated adsorption capacity was close to the experimental capacity within an error range of ±3%, suggesting that the RSM model was acceptable and satisfied. 26731309 3 65 theme synergistic 964:974 arg1 influence 976:984 a synergistic influence 962:984 a synergistic influence 962:984 From the results of a full 2(5) factorial design with three center points, the adsorbent weight and initial pH of the MWF had a significant antagonistic effect on the adsorption capacity while the initial MWF concentration and BE:chitosan:SDS weight ratio had a synergistic influence. 26731309 5 66 theme 4.7:1:1-6.2:1:1 1266:1280 arg1 ratio 1257:1261 SDS (w/w/w) ratio 1245:1261 SDS (w/w/w) ratio of 4.7:1:1-6.2:1:1 1245:1280 From the FCCC-RSM design, the optimal capacity range of 2840-2922.5 mg g(-1) was achieved at sorbent weight of 1.6-1.9 g, pH of 5.5-6.5, initial MWF concentration of 52-55 g l(-1) and BE:chitosan:SDS (w/w/w) ratio of 4.7:1:1-6.2:1:1. 26731309 7 67 theme reaction 1899:1906 arg1 pathway 1908:1914 more than one reaction pathway 1885:1914 more than one reaction pathway 1885:1914 From three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) and two adsorption isotherms (Langmuir model and Freundlich model), assessed using an error function (Err) and the coefficient of determination (R(2)), Avrami's equation and Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fitting for the data, suggesting the presence of more than one reaction pathway in the MWF adsorption process and the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite. 26731309 1 68 theme 95 361:362 arg1 % 363:363 % 363:363 % 363:363 The adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid (MWF) on activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) was investigated under a statistical design of experiments at a 95% confidence interval to identify the critical factors and to optimize the adsorption capacity. 26731309 1 69 theme confidence 365:374 arg1 interval 376:383 a 95% confidence interval 359:383 a 95% confidence interval to identify the critical factors and to optimize the adsorption capacity 359:456 The adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid (MWF) on activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) was investigated under a statistical design of experiments at a 95% confidence interval to identify the critical factors and to optimize the adsorption capacity. 26731309 5 70 theme optimal 1079:1085 arg1 range 1096:1100 the optimal capacity range 1075:1100 the optimal capacity range of 2840-2922.5 mg g(-1) 1075:1124 From the FCCC-RSM design, the optimal capacity range of 2840-2922.5 mg g(-1) was achieved at sorbent weight of 1.6-1.9 g, pH of 5.5-6.5, initial MWF concentration of 52-55 g l(-1) and BE:chitosan:SDS (w/w/w) ratio of 4.7:1:1-6.2:1:1. 26731309 5 71 theme 5.5-6.5 1177:1183 arg1 pH 1171:1172 pH 1171:1172 pH of 5.5-6.5 1171:1183 From the FCCC-RSM design, the optimal capacity range of 2840-2922.5 mg g(-1) was achieved at sorbent weight of 1.6-1.9 g, pH of 5.5-6.5, initial MWF concentration of 52-55 g l(-1) and BE:chitosan:SDS (w/w/w) ratio of 4.7:1:1-6.2:1:1. 26731309 5 71 theme 5.5-6.5 1177:1183 arg1 weight 1150:1155 sorbent weight 1142:1155 sorbent weight of 1.6-1.9 g 1142:1168 From the FCCC-RSM design, the optimal capacity range of 2840-2922.5 mg g(-1) was achieved at sorbent weight of 1.6-1.9 g, pH of 5.5-6.5, initial MWF concentration of 52-55 g l(-1) and BE:chitosan:SDS (w/w/w) ratio of 4.7:1:1-6.2:1:1. 26731309 3 72 theme design 744:749 arg1 results 711:717 the results 707:717 the results of a full 2(5) factorial design with three center points 707:774 From the results of a full 2(5) factorial design with three center points, the adsorbent weight and initial pH of the MWF had a significant antagonistic effect on the adsorption capacity while the initial MWF concentration and BE:chitosan:SDS weight ratio had a synergistic influence. 26731309 3 73 theme MWF 820:822 arg1 weight 791:796 the adsorbent weight 777:796 the adsorbent weight 777:796 From the results of a full 2(5) factorial design with three center points, the adsorbent weight and initial pH of the MWF had a significant antagonistic effect on the adsorption capacity while the initial MWF concentration and BE:chitosan:SDS weight ratio had a synergistic influence. 26731309 3 73 theme MWF 820:822 arg1 pH 810:811 initial pH 802:811 initial pH 802:811 From the results of a full 2(5) factorial design with three center points, the adsorbent weight and initial pH of the MWF had a significant antagonistic effect on the adsorption capacity while the initial MWF concentration and BE:chitosan:SDS weight ratio had a synergistic influence. 26731309 5 74 theme initial 1186:1192 arg1 weight 1150:1155 sorbent weight 1142:1155 sorbent weight of 1.6-1.9 g 1142:1168 From the FCCC-RSM design, the optimal capacity range of 2840-2922.5 mg g(-1) was achieved at sorbent weight of 1.6-1.9 g, pH of 5.5-6.5, initial MWF concentration of 52-55 g l(-1) and BE:chitosan:SDS (w/w/w) ratio of 4.7:1:1-6.2:1:1. 26731309 5 74 theme initial 1186:1192 arg1 concentration 1198:1210 initial MWF concentration 1186:1210 initial MWF concentration of 52-55 g l(-1) and BE 1186:1234 From the FCCC-RSM design, the optimal capacity range of 2840-2922.5 mg g(-1) was achieved at sorbent weight of 1.6-1.9 g, pH of 5.5-6.5, initial MWF concentration of 52-55 g l(-1) and BE:chitosan:SDS (w/w/w) ratio of 4.7:1:1-6.2:1:1. 26731309 2 75 theme BE/MCS 463:468 arg1 adsorbents 470:479 The BE/MCS adsorbents 459:479 The BE/MCS adsorbents 459:479 The BE/MCS adsorbents were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller adsorption/desorption isotherms, contact angle analysis (sessile drop technique) and their zeta potential. 26731309 5 76 theme sorbent 1142:1148 arg1 pH 1171:1172 pH 1171:1172 pH of 5.5-6.5 1171:1183 From the FCCC-RSM design, the optimal capacity range of 2840-2922.5 mg g(-1) was achieved at sorbent weight of 1.6-1.9 g, pH of 5.5-6.5, initial MWF concentration of 52-55 g l(-1) and BE:chitosan:SDS (w/w/w) ratio of 4.7:1:1-6.2:1:1. 26731309 5 76 theme sorbent 1142:1148 arg1 weight 1150:1155 sorbent weight 1142:1155 sorbent weight of 1.6-1.9 g 1142:1168 From the FCCC-RSM design, the optimal capacity range of 2840-2922.5 mg g(-1) was achieved at sorbent weight of 1.6-1.9 g, pH of 5.5-6.5, initial MWF concentration of 52-55 g l(-1) and BE:chitosan:SDS (w/w/w) ratio of 4.7:1:1-6.2:1:1. 26731309 5 76 theme sorbent 1142:1148 arg1 concentration 1198:1210 initial MWF concentration 1186:1210 initial MWF concentration of 52-55 g l(-1) and BE 1186:1234 From the FCCC-RSM design, the optimal capacity range of 2840-2922.5 mg g(-1) was achieved at sorbent weight of 1.6-1.9 g, pH of 5.5-6.5, initial MWF concentration of 52-55 g l(-1) and BE:chitosan:SDS (w/w/w) ratio of 4.7:1:1-6.2:1:1. 26731309 5 77 theme g 1168:1168 arg1 pH 1171:1172 pH 1171:1172 pH of 5.5-6.5 1171:1183 From the FCCC-RSM design, the optimal capacity range of 2840-2922.5 mg g(-1) was achieved at sorbent weight of 1.6-1.9 g, pH of 5.5-6.5, initial MWF concentration of 52-55 g l(-1) and BE:chitosan:SDS (w/w/w) ratio of 4.7:1:1-6.2:1:1. 26731309 5 77 theme g 1168:1168 arg1 weight 1150:1155 sorbent weight 1142:1155 sorbent weight of 1.6-1.9 g 1142:1168 From the FCCC-RSM design, the optimal capacity range of 2840-2922.5 mg g(-1) was achieved at sorbent weight of 1.6-1.9 g, pH of 5.5-6.5, initial MWF concentration of 52-55 g l(-1) and BE:chitosan:SDS (w/w/w) ratio of 4.7:1:1-6.2:1:1. 26731309 5 77 theme g 1168:1168 arg1 concentration 1198:1210 initial MWF concentration 1186:1210 initial MWF concentration of 52-55 g l(-1) and BE 1186:1234 From the FCCC-RSM design, the optimal capacity range of 2840-2922.5 mg g(-1) was achieved at sorbent weight of 1.6-1.9 g, pH of 5.5-6.5, initial MWF concentration of 52-55 g l(-1) and BE:chitosan:SDS (w/w/w) ratio of 4.7:1:1-6.2:1:1. 26731309 1 78 theme emulsified 160:169 arg1 oil 171:173 emulsified oil 160:173 emulsified oil from metalworking fluid (MWF) on activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) 160:295 The adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid (MWF) on activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) was investigated under a statistical design of experiments at a 95% confidence interval to identify the critical factors and to optimize the adsorption capacity. 26731309 3 79 theme antagonistic 842:853 arg1 effect 855:860 a significant antagonistic effect 828:860 a significant antagonistic effect 828:860 From the results of a full 2(5) factorial design with three center points, the adsorbent weight and initial pH of the MWF had a significant antagonistic effect on the adsorption capacity while the initial MWF concentration and BE:chitosan:SDS weight ratio had a synergistic influence. 26731309 7 80 dep pseudo-first-order 1551:1568 arg1 pseudo-second-order 1571:1589 pseudo-second-order 1571:1589 pseudo-second-order 1571:1589 From three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) and two adsorption isotherms (Langmuir model and Freundlich model), assessed using an error function (Err) and the coefficient of determination (R(2)), Avrami's equation and Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fitting for the data, suggesting the presence of more than one reaction pathway in the MWF adsorption process and the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite. 26731309 7 81 theme determination 1750:1762 arg1 function 1712:1719 an error function 1703:1719 an error function (Err) 1703:1725 From three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) and two adsorption isotherms (Langmuir model and Freundlich model), assessed using an error function (Err) and the coefficient of determination (R(2)), Avrami's equation and Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fitting for the data, suggesting the presence of more than one reaction pathway in the MWF adsorption process and the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite. 26731309 7 81 theme determination 1750:1762 arg1 coefficient 1735:1745 the coefficient 1731:1745 the coefficient of determination (R(2)) 1731:1769 From three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) and two adsorption isotherms (Langmuir model and Freundlich model), assessed using an error function (Err) and the coefficient of determination (R(2)), Avrami's equation and Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fitting for the data, suggesting the presence of more than one reaction pathway in the MWF adsorption process and the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite. 26731309 7 81 theme determination 1750:1762 arg1 Err 1722:1724 Err 1722:1724 Err 1722:1724 From three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) and two adsorption isotherms (Langmuir model and Freundlich model), assessed using an error function (Err) and the coefficient of determination (R(2)), Avrami's equation and Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fitting for the data, suggesting the presence of more than one reaction pathway in the MWF adsorption process and the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite. 26731309 3 82 theme initial 802:808 arg1 pH 810:811 initial pH 802:811 initial pH 802:811 From the results of a full 2(5) factorial design with three center points, the adsorbent weight and initial pH of the MWF had a significant antagonistic effect on the adsorption capacity while the initial MWF concentration and BE:chitosan:SDS weight ratio had a synergistic influence. 26731309 1 83 theme statistical 322:332 arg1 design 334:339 a statistical design 320:339 a statistical design of experiments 320:354 The adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid (MWF) on activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) was investigated under a statistical design of experiments at a 95% confidence interval to identify the critical factors and to optimize the adsorption capacity. 26731309 3 84 with design 744:749 arg1 points 769:774 three center points 756:774 three center points 756:774 From the results of a full 2(5) factorial design with three center points, the adsorbent weight and initial pH of the MWF had a significant antagonistic effect on the adsorption capacity while the initial MWF concentration and BE:chitosan:SDS weight ratio had a synergistic influence. 26731309 7 85 theme kinetics 1534:1541 arg1 models 1543:1548 three kinetics models 1528:1548 three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) 1528:1618 From three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) and two adsorption isotherms (Langmuir model and Freundlich model), assessed using an error function (Err) and the coefficient of determination (R(2)), Avrami's equation and Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fitting for the data, suggesting the presence of more than one reaction pathway in the MWF adsorption process and the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite. 26731309 7 85 theme kinetics 1534:1541 arg1 model 1659:1663 Langmuir model 1650:1663 Langmuir model 1650:1663 From three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) and two adsorption isotherms (Langmuir model and Freundlich model), assessed using an error function (Err) and the coefficient of determination (R(2)), Avrami's equation and Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fitting for the data, suggesting the presence of more than one reaction pathway in the MWF adsorption process and the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite. 26731309 7 85 theme kinetics 1534:1541 arg1 model 1680:1684 Freundlich model 1669:1684 Freundlich model 1669:1684 From three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) and two adsorption isotherms (Langmuir model and Freundlich model), assessed using an error function (Err) and the coefficient of determination (R(2)), Avrami's equation and Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fitting for the data, suggesting the presence of more than one reaction pathway in the MWF adsorption process and the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite. 26731309 7 85 theme kinetics 1534:1541 arg1 equation 1610:1617 Avrami's equation 1601:1617 Avrami's equation 1601:1617 From three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) and two adsorption isotherms (Langmuir model and Freundlich model), assessed using an error function (Err) and the coefficient of determination (R(2)), Avrami's equation and Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fitting for the data, suggesting the presence of more than one reaction pathway in the MWF adsorption process and the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite. 26731309 7 85 theme kinetics 1534:1541 arg1 model 1591:1595 pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model 1551:1595 pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model 1551:1595 From three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) and two adsorption isotherms (Langmuir model and Freundlich model), assessed using an error function (Err) and the coefficient of determination (R(2)), Avrami's equation and Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fitting for the data, suggesting the presence of more than one reaction pathway in the MWF adsorption process and the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite. 26731309 2 86 theme sessile 652:658 arg1 technique 665:673 sessile drop technique 652:673 sessile drop technique 652:673 The BE/MCS adsorbents were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller adsorption/desorption isotherms, contact angle analysis (sessile drop technique) and their zeta potential. 26731309 2 86 theme sessile 652:658 arg1 analysis 642:649 contact angle analysis 628:649 contact angle analysis (sessile drop technique) 628:674 The BE/MCS adsorbents were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller adsorption/desorption isotherms, contact angle analysis (sessile drop technique) and their zeta potential. 26731309 5 87 theme l 1223:1223 arg1 weight 1150:1155 sorbent weight 1142:1155 sorbent weight of 1.6-1.9 g 1142:1168 From the FCCC-RSM design, the optimal capacity range of 2840-2922.5 mg g(-1) was achieved at sorbent weight of 1.6-1.9 g, pH of 5.5-6.5, initial MWF concentration of 52-55 g l(-1) and BE:chitosan:SDS (w/w/w) ratio of 4.7:1:1-6.2:1:1. 26731309 5 87 theme l 1223:1223 arg1 concentration 1198:1210 initial MWF concentration 1186:1210 initial MWF concentration of 52-55 g l(-1) and BE 1186:1234 From the FCCC-RSM design, the optimal capacity range of 2840-2922.5 mg g(-1) was achieved at sorbent weight of 1.6-1.9 g, pH of 5.5-6.5, initial MWF concentration of 52-55 g l(-1) and BE:chitosan:SDS (w/w/w) ratio of 4.7:1:1-6.2:1:1. 26731309 7 88 attach presence 1873:1880 arg2 pathway 1908:1914 more than one reaction pathway 1885:1914 more than one reaction pathway 1885:1914 From three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) and two adsorption isotherms (Langmuir model and Freundlich model), assessed using an error function (Err) and the coefficient of determination (R(2)), Avrami's equation and Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fitting for the data, suggesting the presence of more than one reaction pathway in the MWF adsorption process and the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite. 26731309 7 88 attach presence 1873:1880 arg1 process 1938:1944 the MWF adsorption process 1919:1944 the MWF adsorption process 1919:1944 From three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) and two adsorption isotherms (Langmuir model and Freundlich model), assessed using an error function (Err) and the coefficient of determination (R(2)), Avrami's equation and Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fitting for the data, suggesting the presence of more than one reaction pathway in the MWF adsorption process and the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite. 26731309 7 88 attach presence 1873:1880 arg2 composite 2005:2013 the BC/ABE-5.5 composite 1990:2013 the BC/ABE-5.5 composite 1990:2013 From three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) and two adsorption isotherms (Langmuir model and Freundlich model), assessed using an error function (Err) and the coefficient of determination (R(2)), Avrami's equation and Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fitting for the data, suggesting the presence of more than one reaction pathway in the MWF adsorption process and the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite. 26731309 3 89 theme adsorption 869:878 arg1 capacity 880:887 the adsorption capacity 865:887 the adsorption capacity 865:887 From the results of a full 2(5) factorial design with three center points, the adsorbent weight and initial pH of the MWF had a significant antagonistic effect on the adsorption capacity while the initial MWF concentration and BE:chitosan:SDS weight ratio had a synergistic influence. 26731309 2 90 theme zeta 686:689 arg1 potential 691:699 their zeta potential 680:699 their zeta potential 680:699 The BE/MCS adsorbents were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller adsorption/desorption isotherms, contact angle analysis (sessile drop technique) and their zeta potential. 26731309 5 91 theme FCCC-RSM 1058:1065 arg1 design 1067:1072 the FCCC-RSM design 1054:1072 the FCCC-RSM design 1054:1072 From the FCCC-RSM design, the optimal capacity range of 2840-2922.5 mg g(-1) was achieved at sorbent weight of 1.6-1.9 g, pH of 5.5-6.5, initial MWF concentration of 52-55 g l(-1) and BE:chitosan:SDS (w/w/w) ratio of 4.7:1:1-6.2:1:1. 26731309 7 92 theme good 1831:1834 arg1 fitting 1836:1842 a good fitting 1829:1842 a good fitting for the data 1829:1855 From three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) and two adsorption isotherms (Langmuir model and Freundlich model), assessed using an error function (Err) and the coefficient of determination (R(2)), Avrami's equation and Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fitting for the data, suggesting the presence of more than one reaction pathway in the MWF adsorption process and the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite. 26731309 0 93 dep composites 95:104 arg1 Optimization 107:118 Optimization 107:118 Optimization 107:118 Adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid on activated bleaching earth-chitosan-SDS composites: Optimization, kinetics, isotherms. 26731309 7 94 dep models 1543:1548 arg1 equation 1610:1617 Avrami's equation 1601:1617 Avrami's equation 1601:1617 From three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) and two adsorption isotherms (Langmuir model and Freundlich model), assessed using an error function (Err) and the coefficient of determination (R(2)), Avrami's equation and Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fitting for the data, suggesting the presence of more than one reaction pathway in the MWF adsorption process and the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite. 26731309 7 94 dep models 1543:1548 arg1 models 1543:1548 three kinetics models 1528:1548 three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) 1528:1618 From three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) and two adsorption isotherms (Langmuir model and Freundlich model), assessed using an error function (Err) and the coefficient of determination (R(2)), Avrami's equation and Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fitting for the data, suggesting the presence of more than one reaction pathway in the MWF adsorption process and the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite. 26731309 7 94 dep models 1543:1548 arg1 model 1659:1663 Langmuir model 1650:1663 Langmuir model 1650:1663 From three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) and two adsorption isotherms (Langmuir model and Freundlich model), assessed using an error function (Err) and the coefficient of determination (R(2)), Avrami's equation and Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fitting for the data, suggesting the presence of more than one reaction pathway in the MWF adsorption process and the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite. 26731309 7 94 dep models 1543:1548 arg1 model 1680:1684 Freundlich model 1669:1684 Freundlich model 1669:1684 From three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) and two adsorption isotherms (Langmuir model and Freundlich model), assessed using an error function (Err) and the coefficient of determination (R(2)), Avrami's equation and Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fitting for the data, suggesting the presence of more than one reaction pathway in the MWF adsorption process and the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite. 26731309 7 94 dep models 1543:1548 arg1 model 1591:1595 pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model 1551:1595 pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model 1551:1595 From three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) and two adsorption isotherms (Langmuir model and Freundlich model), assessed using an error function (Err) and the coefficient of determination (R(2)), Avrami's equation and Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fitting for the data, suggesting the presence of more than one reaction pathway in the MWF adsorption process and the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite. 26731309 0 95 theme oil 25:27 arg1 Adsorption 0:9 Adsorption 0:9 Adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid on activated bleaching 0:74 Adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid on activated bleaching earth-chitosan-SDS composites: Optimization, kinetics, isotherms. 26731309 5 96 theme g 1120:1120 arg1 range 1096:1100 the optimal capacity range 1075:1100 the optimal capacity range of 2840-2922.5 mg g(-1) 1075:1124 From the FCCC-RSM design, the optimal capacity range of 2840-2922.5 mg g(-1) was achieved at sorbent weight of 1.6-1.9 g, pH of 5.5-6.5, initial MWF concentration of 52-55 g l(-1) and BE:chitosan:SDS (w/w/w) ratio of 4.7:1:1-6.2:1:1. 26731309 3 97 theme initial 899:905 arg1 concentration 911:923 the initial MWF concentration 895:923 the initial MWF concentration 895:923 From the results of a full 2(5) factorial design with three center points, the adsorbent weight and initial pH of the MWF had a significant antagonistic effect on the adsorption capacity while the initial MWF concentration and BE:chitosan:SDS weight ratio had a synergistic influence. 26731309 0 98 theme metalworking 34:45 arg1 fluid 47:51 metalworking fluid 34:51 metalworking fluid 34:51 Adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid on activated bleaching earth-chitosan-SDS composites: Optimization, kinetics, isotherms. 26731309 7 99 theme error 1706:1710 arg1 function 1712:1719 an error function 1703:1719 an error function (Err) 1703:1725 From three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) and two adsorption isotherms (Langmuir model and Freundlich model), assessed using an error function (Err) and the coefficient of determination (R(2)), Avrami's equation and Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fitting for the data, suggesting the presence of more than one reaction pathway in the MWF adsorption process and the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite. 26731309 7 99 theme error 1706:1710 arg1 Err 1722:1724 Err 1722:1724 Err 1722:1724 From three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) and two adsorption isotherms (Langmuir model and Freundlich model), assessed using an error function (Err) and the coefficient of determination (R(2)), Avrami's equation and Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fitting for the data, suggesting the presence of more than one reaction pathway in the MWF adsorption process and the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite. 26731309 6 100 dep validation 1295:1304 arg1 the 1291:1293 the 1291:1293 the 1291:1293 To test the validation and sensitivity of RSM model, the results showed that the estimated adsorption capacity was close to the experimental capacity within an error range of ±3%, suggesting that the RSM model was acceptable and satisfied. 26731309 3 101 contain had 958:960 arg2 influence 976:984 a synergistic influence 962:984 a synergistic influence 962:984 From the results of a full 2(5) factorial design with three center points, the adsorbent weight and initial pH of the MWF had a significant antagonistic effect on the adsorption capacity while the initial MWF concentration and BE:chitosan:SDS weight ratio had a synergistic influence. 26731309 3 101 contain had 958:960 arg1 BE 929:930 BE 929:930 BE 929:930 From the results of a full 2(5) factorial design with three center points, the adsorbent weight and initial pH of the MWF had a significant antagonistic effect on the adsorption capacity while the initial MWF concentration and BE:chitosan:SDS weight ratio had a synergistic influence. 26731309 3 101 contain had 958:960 arg1 concentration 911:923 the initial MWF concentration 895:923 the initial MWF concentration 895:923 From the results of a full 2(5) factorial design with three center points, the adsorbent weight and initial pH of the MWF had a significant antagonistic effect on the adsorption capacity while the initial MWF concentration and BE:chitosan:SDS weight ratio had a synergistic influence. 26731309 7 102 theme surface 1968:1974 arg1 adsorption 1976:1985 the heterogeneous surface adsorption 1950:1985 the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite 1950:2013 From three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) and two adsorption isotherms (Langmuir model and Freundlich model), assessed using an error function (Err) and the coefficient of determination (R(2)), Avrami's equation and Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fitting for the data, suggesting the presence of more than one reaction pathway in the MWF adsorption process and the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite. 26731309 5 103 theme 2840-2922.5 1105:1115 arg1 mg 1117:1118 mg 1117:1118 mg 1117:1118 From the FCCC-RSM design, the optimal capacity range of 2840-2922.5 mg g(-1) was achieved at sorbent weight of 1.6-1.9 g, pH of 5.5-6.5, initial MWF concentration of 52-55 g l(-1) and BE:chitosan:SDS (w/w/w) ratio of 4.7:1:1-6.2:1:1. 26731309 7 104 theme Freundlich 1669:1678 arg1 models 1543:1548 three kinetics models 1528:1548 three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) 1528:1618 From three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) and two adsorption isotherms (Langmuir model and Freundlich model), assessed using an error function (Err) and the coefficient of determination (R(2)), Avrami's equation and Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fitting for the data, suggesting the presence of more than one reaction pathway in the MWF adsorption process and the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite. 26731309 7 104 theme Freundlich 1669:1678 arg1 model 1680:1684 Freundlich model 1669:1684 Freundlich model 1669:1684 From three kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model and Avrami's equation) and two adsorption isotherms (Langmuir model and Freundlich model), assessed using an error function (Err) and the coefficient of determination (R(2)), Avrami's equation and Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fitting for the data, suggesting the presence of more than one reaction pathway in the MWF adsorption process and the heterogeneous surface adsorption of the BC/ABE-5.5 composite. 26731309 6 105 theme model 1329:1333 arg1 sensitivity 1310:1320 sensitivity 1310:1320 sensitivity 1310:1320 To test the validation and sensitivity of RSM model, the results showed that the estimated adsorption capacity was close to the experimental capacity within an error range of ±3%, suggesting that the RSM model was acceptable and satisfied. 26731309 6 105 theme model 1329:1333 arg1 validation 1295:1304 validation 1295:1304 validation 1295:1304 To test the validation and sensitivity of RSM model, the results showed that the estimated adsorption capacity was close to the experimental capacity within an error range of ±3%, suggesting that the RSM model was acceptable and satisfied. 26731309 1 106 theme earth 228:232 arg1 BE/MCS 289:294 BE/MCS 289:294 BE/MCS 289:294 The adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid (MWF) on activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) was investigated under a statistical design of experiments at a 95% confidence interval to identify the critical factors and to optimize the adsorption capacity. 26731309 1 106 theme earth 228:232 arg1 composites 277:286 activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites 208:286 activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) 208:295 The adsorption of emulsified oil from metalworking fluid (MWF) on activated bleaching earth (BE)-chitosan-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composites (BE/MCS) was investigated under a statistical design of experiments at a 95% confidence interval to identify the critical factors and to optimize the adsorption capacity. 26731309 2 107 dep transform 539:547 arg1 infrared 549:556 infrared 549:556 transform infrared spectroscopy 539:569 The BE/MCS adsorbents were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller adsorption/desorption isotherms, contact angle analysis (sessile drop technique) and their zeta potential. 26731309 3 108 theme SDS 941:943 arg1 ratio 952:956 SDS weight ratio 941:956 BE:chitosan:SDS weight ratio 929:956 From the results of a full 2(5) factorial design with three center points, the adsorbent weight and initial pH of the MWF had a significant antagonistic effect on the adsorption capacity while the initial MWF concentration and BE:chitosan:SDS weight ratio had a synergistic influence. 27516296 1 0 with nanocomposites 159:172 arg1 properties 211:220 enhanced thermal and mechanical properties 179:220 enhanced thermal and mechanical properties 179:220 High solids content polyurethane (PU) nanocomposites with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties were produced by incorporating of low fractions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in a solvent-free process. 27516296 2 1 theme simple 356:361 arg1 procedure 363:371 a simple procedure 354:371 a simple procedure 354:371 This involved the use of a simple procedure to produce well dispersed and stable suspensions of CNC in biobased polyols, which were then used to produce PU-CNC nanocomposites. 27516296 6 2 theme glass 1010:1014 arg1 temperatures 1027:1038 glass transition temperatures 1010:1038 glass transition temperatures that were 6°C higher 1010:1059 Compared to pure PU, the PU nanocomposites made with the addition of only 0.5% of CNC had glass transition temperatures that were 6°C higher, their Young's moduli were about 10% higher and their abrasion resistance was higher by about 25%. 27516296 3 3 theme Transmission 505:516 arg1 microscopy 527:536 Transmission electron microscopy 505:536 Transmission electron microscopy 505:536 Transmission electron microscopy revealed that individual CNC particles were dispersed homogenously within the PU matrix. 27516296 1 4 theme cellulose 273:281 arg1 CNC 297:299 CNC 297:299 CNC 297:299 High solids content polyurethane (PU) nanocomposites with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties were produced by incorporating of low fractions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in a solvent-free process. 27516296 1 4 theme cellulose 273:281 arg1 nanocrystals 283:294 cellulose nanocrystals 273:294 cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) 273:300 High solids content polyurethane (PU) nanocomposites with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties were produced by incorporating of low fractions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in a solvent-free process. 27516296 0 5 theme nanocrystals 107:118 arg1 fraction 85:92 a low fraction 79:92 a low fraction of cellulose nanocrystals 79:118 Polyurethane nanocomposites incorporating biobased polyols and reinforced with a low fraction of cellulose nanocrystals. 27516296 2 6 used used 466:469 arg2 polyols 441:447 biobased polyols 432:447 biobased polyols 432:447 This involved the use of a simple procedure to produce well dispersed and stable suspensions of CNC in biobased polyols, which were then used to produce PU-CNC nanocomposites. 27516296 7 7 theme low 1277:1279 arg1 levels 1281:1286 low levels 1277:1286 low levels of CNC 1277:1293 The optimal composition contains only 0.5% CNC (w/w) which indicates that there is good potential for utilization of low levels of CNC for reinforcement of PU composites made using biobased polyols. 27516296 3 8 theme individual 552:561 arg1 particles 567:575 individual CNC particles 552:575 individual CNC particles 552:575 Transmission electron microscopy revealed that individual CNC particles were dispersed homogenously within the PU matrix. 27516296 1 9 theme nanocrystals 283:294 arg1 fractions 260:268 low fractions 256:268 low fractions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) 256:300 High solids content polyurethane (PU) nanocomposites with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties were produced by incorporating of low fractions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in a solvent-free process. 27516296 0 10 theme cellulose 97:105 arg1 nanocrystals 107:118 cellulose nanocrystals 97:118 cellulose nanocrystals 97:118 Polyurethane nanocomposites incorporating biobased polyols and reinforced with a low fraction of cellulose nanocrystals. 27516296 3 11 theme CNC 563:565 arg1 particles 567:575 individual CNC particles 552:575 individual CNC particles 552:575 Transmission electron microscopy revealed that individual CNC particles were dispersed homogenously within the PU matrix. 27516296 6 12 theme abrasion 1115:1122 arg1 resistance 1124:1133 their abrasion resistance 1109:1133 their abrasion resistance 1109:1133 Compared to pure PU, the PU nanocomposites made with the addition of only 0.5% of CNC had glass transition temperatures that were 6°C higher, their Young's moduli were about 10% higher and their abrasion resistance was higher by about 25%. 27516296 6 13 theme Young 1068:1072 arg1 moduli 1076:1081 their Young's moduli 1062:1081 their Young's moduli 1062:1081 Compared to pure PU, the PU nanocomposites made with the addition of only 0.5% of CNC had glass transition temperatures that were 6°C higher, their Young's moduli were about 10% higher and their abrasion resistance was higher by about 25%. 27516296 1 14 theme enhanced 179:186 arg1 properties 211:220 enhanced thermal and mechanical properties 179:220 enhanced thermal and mechanical properties 179:220 High solids content polyurethane (PU) nanocomposites with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties were produced by incorporating of low fractions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in a solvent-free process. 27516296 7 15 theme levels 1281:1286 arg1 utilization 1262:1272 utilization 1262:1272 utilization of low levels of CNC 1262:1293 The optimal composition contains only 0.5% CNC (w/w) which indicates that there is good potential for utilization of low levels of CNC for reinforcement of PU composites made using biobased polyols. 27516296 1 16 theme thermal 188:194 arg1 properties 211:220 enhanced thermal and mechanical properties 179:220 enhanced thermal and mechanical properties 179:220 High solids content polyurethane (PU) nanocomposites with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties were produced by incorporating of low fractions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in a solvent-free process. 27516296 7 17 theme optimal 1164:1170 arg1 composition 1172:1182 The optimal composition 1160:1182 The optimal composition 1160:1182 The optimal composition contains only 0.5% CNC (w/w) which indicates that there is good potential for utilization of low levels of CNC for reinforcement of PU composites made using biobased polyols. 27516296 6 18 theme pure 932:935 arg1 PU 937:938 pure PU 932:938 pure PU 932:938 Compared to pure PU, the PU nanocomposites made with the addition of only 0.5% of CNC had glass transition temperatures that were 6°C higher, their Young's moduli were about 10% higher and their abrasion resistance was higher by about 25%. 27516296 5 19 theme nanocomposites 782:795 arg1 properties 764:773 The thermal mechanical properties 741:773 The thermal mechanical properties of the nanocomposites 741:795 The thermal mechanical properties of the nanocomposites are significantly improved over pure PU as indicated by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis. 27516296 6 20 contain had 1006:1008 arg1 nanocomposites 948:961 the PU nanocomposites 941:961 the PU nanocomposites made with the addition of only 0.5% of CNC 941:1004 Compared to pure PU, the PU nanocomposites made with the addition of only 0.5% of CNC had glass transition temperatures that were 6°C higher, their Young's moduli were about 10% higher and their abrasion resistance was higher by about 25%. 27516296 6 20 contain had 1006:1008 arg2 temperatures 1027:1038 glass transition temperatures 1010:1038 glass transition temperatures that were 6°C higher 1010:1059 Compared to pure PU, the PU nanocomposites made with the addition of only 0.5% of CNC had glass transition temperatures that were 6°C higher, their Young's moduli were about 10% higher and their abrasion resistance was higher by about 25%. 27516296 7 21 theme good 1243:1246 arg1 potential 1248:1256 good potential 1243:1256 good potential for utilization of low levels of CNC for reinforcement of PU composites made using biobased polyols 1243:1356 The optimal composition contains only 0.5% CNC (w/w) which indicates that there is good potential for utilization of low levels of CNC for reinforcement of PU composites made using biobased polyols. 27516296 6 22 theme CNC 1002:1004 arg1 % 997:997 only 0.5% 989:997 only 0.5% of CNC 989:1004 Compared to pure PU, the PU nanocomposites made with the addition of only 0.5% of CNC had glass transition temperatures that were 6°C higher, their Young's moduli were about 10% higher and their abrasion resistance was higher by about 25%. 27516296 6 22 theme CNC 1002:1004 arg1 CNC 1002:1004 CNC 1002:1004 CNC 1002:1004 Compared to pure PU, the PU nanocomposites made with the addition of only 0.5% of CNC had glass transition temperatures that were 6°C higher, their Young's moduli were about 10% higher and their abrasion resistance was higher by about 25%. 27516296 1 23 theme mechanical 200:209 arg1 properties 211:220 enhanced thermal and mechanical properties 179:220 enhanced thermal and mechanical properties 179:220 High solids content polyurethane (PU) nanocomposites with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties were produced by incorporating of low fractions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in a solvent-free process. 27516296 0 24 theme biobased 42:49 arg1 polyols 51:57 biobased polyols 42:57 biobased polyols 42:57 Polyurethane nanocomposites incorporating biobased polyols and reinforced with a low fraction of cellulose nanocrystals. 27516296 6 25 dep higher 1139:1144 arg1 % 1157:1157 about 25% 1149:1157 higher by about 25% 1139:1157 Compared to pure PU, the PU nanocomposites made with the addition of only 0.5% of CNC had glass transition temperatures that were 6°C higher, their Young's moduli were about 10% higher and their abrasion resistance was higher by about 25%. 27516296 7 26 dep CNC 1203:1205 arg1 % 1201:1201 % 1201:1201 % 1201:1201 The optimal composition contains only 0.5% CNC (w/w) which indicates that there is good potential for utilization of low levels of CNC for reinforcement of PU composites made using biobased polyols. 27516296 7 27 theme biobased 1341:1348 arg1 polyols 1350:1356 biobased polyols 1341:1356 biobased polyols 1341:1356 The optimal composition contains only 0.5% CNC (w/w) which indicates that there is good potential for utilization of low levels of CNC for reinforcement of PU composites made using biobased polyols. 27516296 2 28 theme CNC 425:427 arg1 suspensions 410:420 well dispersed and stable suspensions 384:420 well dispersed and stable suspensions of CNC in biobased polyols, which were then used to produce PU-CNC nanocomposites 384:502 This involved the use of a simple procedure to produce well dispersed and stable suspensions of CNC in biobased polyols, which were then used to produce PU-CNC nanocomposites. 27516296 5 29 theme scanning 866:873 arg1 calorimetry 875:885 differential scanning calorimetry 853:885 differential scanning calorimetry 853:885 The thermal mechanical properties of the nanocomposites are significantly improved over pure PU as indicated by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis. 27516296 6 30 theme % 997:997 arg1 addition 977:984 the addition 973:984 the addition of only 0.5% of CNC 973:1004 Compared to pure PU, the PU nanocomposites made with the addition of only 0.5% of CNC had glass transition temperatures that were 6°C higher, their Young's moduli were about 10% higher and their abrasion resistance was higher by about 25%. 27516296 1 31 theme High 121:124 arg1 polyurethane 141:152 High solids content polyurethane 121:152 High solids content polyurethane (PU) nanocomposites with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties 121:220 High solids content polyurethane (PU) nanocomposites with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties were produced by incorporating of low fractions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in a solvent-free process. 27516296 1 31 theme High 121:124 arg1 PU 155:156 PU 155:156 PU 155:156 High solids content polyurethane (PU) nanocomposites with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties were produced by incorporating of low fractions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in a solvent-free process. 27516296 4 32 theme molecular 701:709 arg1 chains 711:716 the PU molecular chains 694:716 the PU molecular chains during polymerization 694:738 FTIR results suggested that CNC particles are covalently bonded to the PU molecular chains during polymerization. 27516296 3 33 theme PU 616:617 arg1 matrix 619:624 the PU matrix 612:624 the PU matrix 612:624 Transmission electron microscopy revealed that individual CNC particles were dispersed homogenously within the PU matrix. 27516296 7 34 theme CNC 1291:1293 arg1 levels 1281:1286 low levels 1277:1286 low levels of CNC 1277:1293 The optimal composition contains only 0.5% CNC (w/w) which indicates that there is good potential for utilization of low levels of CNC for reinforcement of PU composites made using biobased polyols. 27516296 5 35 theme dynamic 891:897 arg1 analysis 910:917 dynamic mechanical analysis 891:917 dynamic mechanical analysis 891:917 The thermal mechanical properties of the nanocomposites are significantly improved over pure PU as indicated by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis. 27516296 5 36 theme pure 829:832 arg1 PU 834:835 pure PU 829:835 pure PU 829:835 The thermal mechanical properties of the nanocomposites are significantly improved over pure PU as indicated by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis. 27516296 1 37 theme solvent-free 307:318 arg1 process 320:326 a solvent-free process 305:326 a solvent-free process 305:326 High solids content polyurethane (PU) nanocomposites with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties were produced by incorporating of low fractions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in a solvent-free process. 27516296 5 38 theme thermal 745:751 arg1 properties 764:773 The thermal mechanical properties 741:773 The thermal mechanical properties of the nanocomposites 741:795 The thermal mechanical properties of the nanocomposites are significantly improved over pure PU as indicated by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis. 27516296 6 39 theme transition 1016:1025 arg1 temperatures 1027:1038 glass transition temperatures 1010:1038 glass transition temperatures that were 6°C higher 1010:1059 Compared to pure PU, the PU nanocomposites made with the addition of only 0.5% of CNC had glass transition temperatures that were 6°C higher, their Young's moduli were about 10% higher and their abrasion resistance was higher by about 25%. 27516296 2 40 theme biobased 432:439 arg1 polyols 441:447 biobased polyols 432:447 biobased polyols 432:447 This involved the use of a simple procedure to produce well dispersed and stable suspensions of CNC in biobased polyols, which were then used to produce PU-CNC nanocomposites. 27516296 2 41 theme stable 403:408 arg1 suspensions 410:420 well dispersed and stable suspensions 384:420 well dispersed and stable suspensions of CNC in biobased polyols, which were then used to produce PU-CNC nanocomposites 384:502 This involved the use of a simple procedure to produce well dispersed and stable suspensions of CNC in biobased polyols, which were then used to produce PU-CNC nanocomposites. 27516296 5 42 theme mechanical 753:762 arg1 properties 764:773 The thermal mechanical properties 741:773 The thermal mechanical properties of the nanocomposites 741:795 The thermal mechanical properties of the nanocomposites are significantly improved over pure PU as indicated by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis. 27516296 7 43 contain contains 1184:1191 arg2 w/w 1208:1210 w/w 1208:1210 w/w 1208:1210 The optimal composition contains only 0.5% CNC (w/w) which indicates that there is good potential for utilization of low levels of CNC for reinforcement of PU composites made using biobased polyols. 27516296 7 43 contain contains 1184:1191 arg2 CNC 1203:1205 only 0.5% CNC 1193:1205 only 0.5% CNC (w/w) which indicates that there is good potential for utilization of low levels of CNC for reinforcement of PU composites made using biobased polyols 1193:1356 The optimal composition contains only 0.5% CNC (w/w) which indicates that there is good potential for utilization of low levels of CNC for reinforcement of PU composites made using biobased polyols. 27516296 7 43 contain contains 1184:1191 arg1 composition 1172:1182 The optimal composition 1160:1182 The optimal composition 1160:1182 The optimal composition contains only 0.5% CNC (w/w) which indicates that there is good potential for utilization of low levels of CNC for reinforcement of PU composites made using biobased polyols. 27516296 1 44 theme solids 126:131 arg1 polyurethane 141:152 High solids content polyurethane 121:152 High solids content polyurethane (PU) nanocomposites with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties 121:220 High solids content polyurethane (PU) nanocomposites with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties were produced by incorporating of low fractions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in a solvent-free process. 27516296 1 44 theme solids 126:131 arg1 PU 155:156 PU 155:156 PU 155:156 High solids content polyurethane (PU) nanocomposites with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties were produced by incorporating of low fractions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in a solvent-free process. 27516296 6 45 theme PU 945:946 arg1 nanocomposites 948:961 the PU nanocomposites 941:961 the PU nanocomposites made with the addition of only 0.5% of CNC 941:1004 Compared to pure PU, the PU nanocomposites made with the addition of only 0.5% of CNC had glass transition temperatures that were 6°C higher, their Young's moduli were about 10% higher and their abrasion resistance was higher by about 25%. 27516296 5 46 theme differential 853:864 arg1 calorimetry 875:885 differential scanning calorimetry 853:885 differential scanning calorimetry 853:885 The thermal mechanical properties of the nanocomposites are significantly improved over pure PU as indicated by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis. 27516296 1 47 theme content 133:139 arg1 polyurethane 141:152 High solids content polyurethane 121:152 High solids content polyurethane (PU) nanocomposites with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties 121:220 High solids content polyurethane (PU) nanocomposites with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties were produced by incorporating of low fractions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in a solvent-free process. 27516296 1 47 theme content 133:139 arg1 PU 155:156 PU 155:156 PU 155:156 High solids content polyurethane (PU) nanocomposites with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties were produced by incorporating of low fractions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in a solvent-free process. 27516296 7 48 theme composites 1319:1328 arg1 reinforcement 1299:1311 reinforcement 1299:1311 reinforcement of PU composites made using biobased polyols 1299:1356 The optimal composition contains only 0.5% CNC (w/w) which indicates that there is good potential for utilization of low levels of CNC for reinforcement of PU composites made using biobased polyols. 27516296 1 49 theme polyurethane 141:152 arg1 nanocomposites 159:172 High solids content polyurethane (PU) nanocomposites 121:172 High solids content polyurethane (PU) nanocomposites with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties 121:220 High solids content polyurethane (PU) nanocomposites with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties were produced by incorporating of low fractions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in a solvent-free process. 27516296 4 50 theme FTIR 627:630 arg1 results 632:638 FTIR results 627:638 FTIR results 627:638 FTIR results suggested that CNC particles are covalently bonded to the PU molecular chains during polymerization. 27516296 7 51 dep % 1201:1201 arg1 0.5 1198:1200 0.5 1198:1200 0.5 1198:1200 The optimal composition contains only 0.5% CNC (w/w) which indicates that there is good potential for utilization of low levels of CNC for reinforcement of PU composites made using biobased polyols. 27516296 2 52 from suspensions 410:420 arg1 polyols 441:447 biobased polyols 432:447 biobased polyols 432:447 This involved the use of a simple procedure to produce well dispersed and stable suspensions of CNC in biobased polyols, which were then used to produce PU-CNC nanocomposites. 27516296 4 53 theme PU 698:699 arg1 chains 711:716 the PU molecular chains 694:716 the PU molecular chains during polymerization 694:738 FTIR results suggested that CNC particles are covalently bonded to the PU molecular chains during polymerization. 27516296 0 54 theme low 81:83 arg1 fraction 85:92 a low fraction 79:92 a low fraction of cellulose nanocrystals 79:118 Polyurethane nanocomposites incorporating biobased polyols and reinforced with a low fraction of cellulose nanocrystals. 27516296 5 55 theme mechanical 899:908 arg1 analysis 910:917 dynamic mechanical analysis 891:917 dynamic mechanical analysis 891:917 The thermal mechanical properties of the nanocomposites are significantly improved over pure PU as indicated by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis. 27516296 0 56 dep nanocomposites 13:26 arg1 incorporating 28:40 incorporating 28:40 incorporating biobased polyols 28:57 Polyurethane nanocomposites incorporating biobased polyols and reinforced with a low fraction of cellulose nanocrystals. 27516296 0 56 dep nanocomposites 13:26 arg1 reinforced 63:72 reinforced 63:72 reinforced with a low fraction of cellulose nanocrystals 63:118 Polyurethane nanocomposites incorporating biobased polyols and reinforced with a low fraction of cellulose nanocrystals. 27516296 4 57 theme CNC 655:657 arg1 particles 659:667 CNC particles 655:667 CNC particles 655:667 FTIR results suggested that CNC particles are covalently bonded to the PU molecular chains during polymerization. 27516296 3 58 theme electron 518:525 arg1 microscopy 527:536 Transmission electron microscopy 505:536 Transmission electron microscopy 505:536 Transmission electron microscopy revealed that individual CNC particles were dispersed homogenously within the PU matrix. 27516296 2 59 theme dispersed 389:397 arg1 suspensions 410:420 well dispersed and stable suspensions 384:420 well dispersed and stable suspensions of CNC in biobased polyols, which were then used to produce PU-CNC nanocomposites 384:502 This involved the use of a simple procedure to produce well dispersed and stable suspensions of CNC in biobased polyols, which were then used to produce PU-CNC nanocomposites. 27516296 1 60 theme low 256:258 arg1 fractions 260:268 low fractions 256:268 low fractions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) 256:300 High solids content polyurethane (PU) nanocomposites with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties were produced by incorporating of low fractions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in a solvent-free process. 27516296 2 61 theme PU-CNC 482:487 arg1 nanocomposites 489:502 PU-CNC nanocomposites 482:502 PU-CNC nanocomposites 482:502 This involved the use of a simple procedure to produce well dispersed and stable suspensions of CNC in biobased polyols, which were then used to produce PU-CNC nanocomposites. 27516296 7 62 theme PU 1316:1317 arg1 composites 1319:1328 PU composites 1316:1328 PU composites made using biobased polyols 1316:1356 The optimal composition contains only 0.5% CNC (w/w) which indicates that there is good potential for utilization of low levels of CNC for reinforcement of PU composites made using biobased polyols. 27516296 2 63 theme procedure 363:371 arg1 use 347:349 the use 343:349 the use of a simple procedure to produce well dispersed and stable suspensions of CNC in biobased polyols, which were then used to produce PU-CNC nanocomposites 343:502 This involved the use of a simple procedure to produce well dispersed and stable suspensions of CNC in biobased polyols, which were then used to produce PU-CNC nanocomposites. 29276491 7 0 dep lectins 1865:1871 arg1 GNA 1873:1875 GNA 1873:1875 GNA 1873:1875 The reverse result was observed for the mannose-binding lectins GNA and HHA, as well as Nictaba that binds preferentially to GlcNAc oligomers. 29276491 7 0 dep lectins 1865:1871 arg1 lectins 1865:1871 the mannose-binding lectins GNA and HHA 1845:1883 the mannose-binding lectins GNA and HHA 1845:1883 The reverse result was observed for the mannose-binding lectins GNA and HHA, as well as Nictaba that binds preferentially to GlcNAc oligomers. 29276491 7 0 dep lectins 1865:1871 arg1 HHA 1881:1883 HHA 1881:1883 HHA 1881:1883 The reverse result was observed for the mannose-binding lectins GNA and HHA, as well as Nictaba that binds preferentially to GlcNAc oligomers. 29276491 4 1 theme specificities 975:987 arg1 GlcNAc 1049:1054 GlcNAc 1049:1054 GlcNAc (WGA and Nictaba) 1049:1072 For this purpose, we established primary midgut cell cultures, probed these individual cells that are freely suspended in liquid medium with a selection of seven fluorescently labeled lectins covering a range of different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA), GalNAc/Gal (RSA and SSA), GlcNAc (WGA and Nictaba) and Neu5Ac(α-2,6)Gal/GalNAc (SNA-I)], and visualized the interaction of these lectins with the different zones of the midgut cells using confocal microscopy. 29276491 4 1 theme specificities 975:987 arg1 range 935:939 a range 933:939 a range of different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA) 933:1020 For this purpose, we established primary midgut cell cultures, probed these individual cells that are freely suspended in liquid medium with a selection of seven fluorescently labeled lectins covering a range of different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA), GalNAc/Gal (RSA and SSA), GlcNAc (WGA and Nictaba) and Neu5Ac(α-2,6)Gal/GalNAc (SNA-I)], and visualized the interaction of these lectins with the different zones of the midgut cells using confocal microscopy. 29276491 4 1 theme specificities 975:987 arg1 GalNAc/Gal 1023:1032 GalNAc/Gal 1023:1032 GalNAc/Gal (RSA and SSA) 1023:1046 For this purpose, we established primary midgut cell cultures, probed these individual cells that are freely suspended in liquid medium with a selection of seven fluorescently labeled lectins covering a range of different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA), GalNAc/Gal (RSA and SSA), GlcNAc (WGA and Nictaba) and Neu5Ac(α-2,6)Gal/GalNAc (SNA-I)], and visualized the interaction of these lectins with the different zones of the midgut cells using confocal microscopy. 29276491 4 1 theme specificities 975:987 arg1 Neu5Ac 1078:1083 Neu5Ac 1078:1083 Neu5Ac(α-2,6) 1078:1090 For this purpose, we established primary midgut cell cultures, probed these individual cells that are freely suspended in liquid medium with a selection of seven fluorescently labeled lectins covering a range of different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA), GalNAc/Gal (RSA and SSA), GlcNAc (WGA and Nictaba) and Neu5Ac(α-2,6)Gal/GalNAc (SNA-I)], and visualized the interaction of these lectins with the different zones of the midgut cells using confocal microscopy. 29276491 4 2 theme cells 1199:1203 arg1 zones 1179:1183 the different zones 1165:1183 the different zones of the midgut cells 1165:1203 For this purpose, we established primary midgut cell cultures, probed these individual cells that are freely suspended in liquid medium with a selection of seven fluorescently labeled lectins covering a range of different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA), GalNAc/Gal (RSA and SSA), GlcNAc (WGA and Nictaba) and Neu5Ac(α-2,6)Gal/GalNAc (SNA-I)], and visualized the interaction of these lectins with the different zones of the midgut cells using confocal microscopy. 29276491 9 3 theme microvillar 2211:2221 arg1 pole 2223:2226 the microvillar pole 2207:2226 the microvillar pole of the columnar cells 2207:2248 In the midgut stem cells, GNA and Nictaba bound more strongly to the membrane of these undifferentiated cells compared to the microvillar pole of the columnar cells, while SSA, HHA, WGA, and SNA-I showed stronger binding to the microvilli. 29276491 4 4 theme primary 765:771 arg1 cultures 785:792 primary midgut cell cultures 765:792 primary midgut cell cultures 765:792 For this purpose, we established primary midgut cell cultures, probed these individual cells that are freely suspended in liquid medium with a selection of seven fluorescently labeled lectins covering a range of different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA), GalNAc/Gal (RSA and SSA), GlcNAc (WGA and Nictaba) and Neu5Ac(α-2,6)Gal/GalNAc (SNA-I)], and visualized the interaction of these lectins with the different zones of the midgut cells using confocal microscopy. 29276491 8 5 theme membranes 2038:2046 arg1 zones 2020:2024 the basal and lateral zones 1998:2024 the basal and lateral zones of the cell membranes of the columnar cells 1998:2068 Furthermore, differences in lectin binding to the basal and lateral zones of the cell membranes of the columnar cells were apparent. 29276491 4 6 theme cell 780:783 arg1 cultures 785:792 primary midgut cell cultures 765:792 primary midgut cell cultures 765:792 For this purpose, we established primary midgut cell cultures, probed these individual cells that are freely suspended in liquid medium with a selection of seven fluorescently labeled lectins covering a range of different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA), GalNAc/Gal (RSA and SSA), GlcNAc (WGA and Nictaba) and Neu5Ac(α-2,6)Gal/GalNAc (SNA-I)], and visualized the interaction of these lectins with the different zones of the midgut cells using confocal microscopy. 29276491 4 7 theme individual 808:817 arg1 cells 819:823 these individual cells 802:823 these individual cells that are freely suspended in liquid medium with a selection of seven fluorescently labeled lectins covering a range of different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA), GalNAc/Gal (RSA and SSA), GlcNAc (WGA and Nictaba) and Neu5Ac(α-2,6)Gal/GalNAc (SNA-I)], and visualized the interaction of these lectins with the different zones of the midgut cells using confocal microscopy 802:1229 For this purpose, we established primary midgut cell cultures, probed these individual cells that are freely suspended in liquid medium with a selection of seven fluorescently labeled lectins covering a range of different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA), GalNAc/Gal (RSA and SSA), GlcNAc (WGA and Nictaba) and Neu5Ac(α-2,6)Gal/GalNAc (SNA-I)], and visualized the interaction of these lectins with the different zones of the midgut cells using confocal microscopy. 29276491 5 8 theme undifferentiated 1477:1492 arg1 important 1514:1522 important 1514:1522 important 1514:1522 Our analysis focused on the typical differentiated columnar cells with a microvillar brush border at their apical side, which are dominantly present in the Lepidopteran midgut and function in food digestion and absorption, and as well as on the undifferentiated stem cells that are important for midgut development and repair. 29276491 5 8 theme undifferentiated 1477:1492 arg1 cells 1499:1503 the undifferentiated stem cells 1473:1503 the undifferentiated stem cells that are important for midgut development and repair 1473:1556 Our analysis focused on the typical differentiated columnar cells with a microvillar brush border at their apical side, which are dominantly present in the Lepidopteran midgut and function in food digestion and absorption, and as well as on the undifferentiated stem cells that are important for midgut development and repair. 29276491 3 9 theme littoralis 671:680 arg1 larvae 630:635 larvae 630:635 larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, an important agricultural pest insect worldwide 630:729 In this paper, we analyzed the spatial distribution of glycans present on the surface of the midgut cells in larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, an important agricultural pest insect worldwide. 29276491 5 10 theme differentiated 1268:1281 arg1 cells 1292:1296 the typical differentiated columnar cells 1256:1296 the typical differentiated columnar cells with a microvillar brush border at their apical side, which are dominantly present in the Lepidopteran midgut and function in food digestion and absorption 1256:1452 Our analysis focused on the typical differentiated columnar cells with a microvillar brush border at their apical side, which are dominantly present in the Lepidopteran midgut and function in food digestion and absorption, and as well as on the undifferentiated stem cells that are important for midgut development and repair. 29276491 9 11 theme columnar 2235:2242 arg1 cells 2244:2248 the columnar cells 2231:2248 the columnar cells 2231:2248 In the midgut stem cells, GNA and Nictaba bound more strongly to the membrane of these undifferentiated cells compared to the microvillar pole of the columnar cells, while SSA, HHA, WGA, and SNA-I showed stronger binding to the microvilli. 29276491 1 12 theme many 164:167 arg1 phenomena 180:188 many biological phenomena 164:188 many biological phenomena 164:188 Glycans are involved in many biological phenomena, including signal transduction, cell adhesion, immune response or differentiation. 29276491 1 12 theme many 164:167 arg1 transduction 208:219 signal transduction 201:219 signal transduction 201:219 Glycans are involved in many biological phenomena, including signal transduction, cell adhesion, immune response or differentiation. 29276491 1 12 theme many 164:167 arg1 differentiation 256:270 differentiation 256:270 differentiation 256:270 Glycans are involved in many biological phenomena, including signal transduction, cell adhesion, immune response or differentiation. 29276491 1 12 theme many 164:167 arg1 adhesion 227:234 cell adhesion 222:234 cell adhesion 222:234 Glycans are involved in many biological phenomena, including signal transduction, cell adhesion, immune response or differentiation. 29276491 1 12 theme many 164:167 arg1 response 244:251 immune response 237:251 immune response 237:251 Glycans are involved in many biological phenomena, including signal transduction, cell adhesion, immune response or differentiation. 29276491 8 13 theme cells 2064:2068 arg1 membranes 2038:2046 the cell membranes 2029:2046 the cell membranes of the columnar cells 2029:2068 Furthermore, differences in lectin binding to the basal and lateral zones of the cell membranes of the columnar cells were apparent. 29276491 6 14 theme columnar 1757:1764 arg1 cells 1766:1770 the differentiated columnar cells 1738:1770 the differentiated columnar cells 1738:1770 Confocal microscopy analyses showed that the GalNAc/Gal-binding lectins SSA and RSA and the terminal GlcNAc-recognizing WGA bound preferentially to the apical microvillar zone of the differentiated columnar cells as compared to the basolateral pole. 29276491 3 15 theme leafworm 651:658 arg1 littoralis 671:680 the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis 640:680 the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis 640:680 In this paper, we analyzed the spatial distribution of glycans present on the surface of the midgut cells in larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, an important agricultural pest insect worldwide. 29276491 3 15 theme leafworm 651:658 arg1 worldwide 721:729 an important agricultural pest insect worldwide 683:729 an important agricultural pest insect worldwide 683:729 In this paper, we analyzed the spatial distribution of glycans present on the surface of the midgut cells in larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, an important agricultural pest insect worldwide. 29276491 3 16 attach present 584:590 arg1 surface 599:605 the surface 595:605 the surface of the midgut cells in larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, an important agricultural pest insect worldwide 595:729 In this paper, we analyzed the spatial distribution of glycans present on the surface of the midgut cells in larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, an important agricultural pest insect worldwide. 29276491 3 16 attach present 584:590 arg2 glycans 576:582 glycans 576:582 glycans present on the surface of the midgut cells in larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, an important agricultural pest insect worldwide 576:729 In this paper, we analyzed the spatial distribution of glycans present on the surface of the midgut cells in larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, an important agricultural pest insect worldwide. 29276491 4 17 theme liquid 854:859 arg1 medium 861:866 liquid medium 854:866 liquid medium 854:866 For this purpose, we established primary midgut cell cultures, probed these individual cells that are freely suspended in liquid medium with a selection of seven fluorescently labeled lectins covering a range of different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA), GalNAc/Gal (RSA and SSA), GlcNAc (WGA and Nictaba) and Neu5Ac(α-2,6)Gal/GalNAc (SNA-I)], and visualized the interaction of these lectins with the different zones of the midgut cells using confocal microscopy. 29276491 4 18 theme confocal 1211:1218 arg1 microscopy 1220:1229 confocal microscopy 1211:1229 confocal microscopy 1211:1229 For this purpose, we established primary midgut cell cultures, probed these individual cells that are freely suspended in liquid medium with a selection of seven fluorescently labeled lectins covering a range of different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA), GalNAc/Gal (RSA and SSA), GlcNAc (WGA and Nictaba) and Neu5Ac(α-2,6)Gal/GalNAc (SNA-I)], and visualized the interaction of these lectins with the different zones of the midgut cells using confocal microscopy. 29276491 10 19 theme microvillar 2475:2485 arg1 pole 2487:2490 the basal and microvillar pole 2461:2490 the basal and microvillar pole 2461:2490 Our results indicated that polarization of the midgut cells is also reflected by a specific distribution of glycans, especially between the basal and microvillar pole. 29276491 3 20 theme midgut 614:619 arg1 cells 621:625 the midgut cells 610:625 the midgut cells in larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, an important agricultural pest insect worldwide 610:729 In this paper, we analyzed the spatial distribution of glycans present on the surface of the midgut cells in larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, an important agricultural pest insect worldwide. 29276491 0 21 theme Lectin 124:129 arg1 Binding 131:137 Lectin Binding 124:137 Lectin Binding 124:137 Distribution of Glycan Motifs at the Surface of Midgut Cells in the Cotton Leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) Demonstrated by Lectin Binding. 29276491 4 22 dep GalNAc/Gal 1023:1032 arg1 SSA 1043:1045 SSA 1043:1045 SSA 1043:1045 For this purpose, we established primary midgut cell cultures, probed these individual cells that are freely suspended in liquid medium with a selection of seven fluorescently labeled lectins covering a range of different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA), GalNAc/Gal (RSA and SSA), GlcNAc (WGA and Nictaba) and Neu5Ac(α-2,6)Gal/GalNAc (SNA-I)], and visualized the interaction of these lectins with the different zones of the midgut cells using confocal microscopy. 29276491 4 22 dep GalNAc/Gal 1023:1032 arg1 RSA 1035:1037 RSA 1035:1037 RSA 1035:1037 For this purpose, we established primary midgut cell cultures, probed these individual cells that are freely suspended in liquid medium with a selection of seven fluorescently labeled lectins covering a range of different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA), GalNAc/Gal (RSA and SSA), GlcNAc (WGA and Nictaba) and Neu5Ac(α-2,6)Gal/GalNAc (SNA-I)], and visualized the interaction of these lectins with the different zones of the midgut cells using confocal microscopy. 29276491 5 23 from side 1346:1349 arg1 border 1323:1328 a microvillar brush border 1303:1328 a microvillar brush border at their apical side, which are dominantly present in the Lepidopteran midgut and function in food digestion and absorption 1303:1452 Our analysis focused on the typical differentiated columnar cells with a microvillar brush border at their apical side, which are dominantly present in the Lepidopteran midgut and function in food digestion and absorption, and as well as on the undifferentiated stem cells that are important for midgut development and repair. 29276491 3 24 theme spatial 552:558 arg1 distribution 560:571 the spatial distribution 548:571 the spatial distribution of glycans present on the surface of the midgut cells in larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, an important agricultural pest insect worldwide 548:729 In this paper, we analyzed the spatial distribution of glycans present on the surface of the midgut cells in larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, an important agricultural pest insect worldwide. 29276491 2 25 theme structures 459:468 arg1 localization 432:443 the localization 428:443 the localization of the glycan structures on the surface of the cells in the gut of insects 428:518 Although a few papers have reported on the role of glycans in the development and proper functioning of the insect midgut, no data are available regarding the localization of the glycan structures on the surface of the cells in the gut of insects. 29276491 2 26 from surface 477:483 arg1 gut 505:507 the gut 501:507 the gut of insects 501:518 Although a few papers have reported on the role of glycans in the development and proper functioning of the insect midgut, no data are available regarding the localization of the glycan structures on the surface of the cells in the gut of insects. 29276491 10 27 theme midgut 2372:2377 arg1 cells 2379:2383 the midgut cells 2368:2383 the midgut cells 2368:2383 Our results indicated that polarization of the midgut cells is also reflected by a specific distribution of glycans, especially between the basal and microvillar pole. 29276491 3 28 theme insect 714:719 arg1 littoralis 671:680 the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis 640:680 the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis 640:680 In this paper, we analyzed the spatial distribution of glycans present on the surface of the midgut cells in larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, an important agricultural pest insect worldwide. 29276491 3 28 theme insect 714:719 arg1 worldwide 721:729 an important agricultural pest insect worldwide 683:729 an important agricultural pest insect worldwide 683:729 In this paper, we analyzed the spatial distribution of glycans present on the surface of the midgut cells in larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, an important agricultural pest insect worldwide. 29276491 0 29 theme Midgut 48:53 arg1 Cells 55:59 Midgut Cells 48:59 Midgut Cells 48:59 Distribution of Glycan Motifs at the Surface of Midgut Cells in the Cotton Leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) Demonstrated by Lectin Binding. 29276491 4 30 theme labeled 908:914 arg1 lectins 916:922 seven fluorescently labeled lectins 888:922 seven fluorescently labeled lectins covering a range of different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA), GalNAc/Gal (RSA and SSA), GlcNAc (WGA and Nictaba) and Neu5Ac(α-2,6)Gal/GalNAc (SNA-I)], 888:1110 For this purpose, we established primary midgut cell cultures, probed these individual cells that are freely suspended in liquid medium with a selection of seven fluorescently labeled lectins covering a range of different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA), GalNAc/Gal (RSA and SSA), GlcNAc (WGA and Nictaba) and Neu5Ac(α-2,6)Gal/GalNAc (SNA-I)], and visualized the interaction of these lectins with the different zones of the midgut cells using confocal microscopy. 29276491 5 31 theme apical 1339:1344 arg1 side 1346:1349 their apical side 1333:1349 their apical side 1333:1349 Our analysis focused on the typical differentiated columnar cells with a microvillar brush border at their apical side, which are dominantly present in the Lepidopteran midgut and function in food digestion and absorption, and as well as on the undifferentiated stem cells that are important for midgut development and repair. 29276491 6 32 theme basolateral 1791:1801 arg1 pole 1803:1806 the basolateral pole 1787:1806 the basolateral pole 1787:1806 Confocal microscopy analyses showed that the GalNAc/Gal-binding lectins SSA and RSA and the terminal GlcNAc-recognizing WGA bound preferentially to the apical microvillar zone of the differentiated columnar cells as compared to the basolateral pole. 29276491 0 33 from Distribution 0:11 arg1 littoralis 96:105 the Cotton Leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) 64:106 the Cotton Leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) 64:106 Distribution of Glycan Motifs at the Surface of Midgut Cells in the Cotton Leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) Demonstrated by Lectin Binding. 29276491 0 33 from Distribution 0:11 arg1 Surface 37:43 the Surface 33:43 the Surface of Midgut Cells 33:59 Distribution of Glycan Motifs at the Surface of Midgut Cells in the Cotton Leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) Demonstrated by Lectin Binding. 29276491 9 34 theme stem 2099:2102 arg1 cells 2104:2108 the midgut stem cells 2088:2108 the midgut stem cells 2088:2108 In the midgut stem cells, GNA and Nictaba bound more strongly to the membrane of these undifferentiated cells compared to the microvillar pole of the columnar cells, while SSA, HHA, WGA, and SNA-I showed stronger binding to the microvilli. 29276491 0 35 theme Cotton 68:73 arg1 littoralis 96:105 the Cotton Leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) 64:106 the Cotton Leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) 64:106 Distribution of Glycan Motifs at the Surface of Midgut Cells in the Cotton Leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) Demonstrated by Lectin Binding. 29276491 7 36 theme reverse 1813:1819 arg1 result 1821:1826 The reverse result 1809:1826 The reverse result 1809:1826 The reverse result was observed for the mannose-binding lectins GNA and HHA, as well as Nictaba that binds preferentially to GlcNAc oligomers. 29276491 0 37 from Surface 37:43 arg1 Distribution 0:11 Distribution 0:11 Distribution of Glycan Motifs at the Surface of Midgut Cells in the Cotton Leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) 0:106 Distribution of Glycan Motifs at the Surface of Midgut Cells in the Cotton Leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) Demonstrated by Lectin Binding. 29276491 0 37 from Surface 37:43 arg1 Motifs 23:28 Glycan Motifs 16:28 Glycan Motifs at the Surface of Midgut Cells 16:59 Distribution of Glycan Motifs at the Surface of Midgut Cells in the Cotton Leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) Demonstrated by Lectin Binding. 29276491 5 38 theme brush 1317:1321 arg1 border 1323:1328 a microvillar brush border 1303:1328 a microvillar brush border at their apical side, which are dominantly present in the Lepidopteran midgut and function in food digestion and absorption 1303:1452 Our analysis focused on the typical differentiated columnar cells with a microvillar brush border at their apical side, which are dominantly present in the Lepidopteran midgut and function in food digestion and absorption, and as well as on the undifferentiated stem cells that are important for midgut development and repair. 29276491 5 39 theme midgut 1528:1533 arg1 development 1535:1545 midgut development 1528:1545 midgut development 1528:1545 Our analysis focused on the typical differentiated columnar cells with a microvillar brush border at their apical side, which are dominantly present in the Lepidopteran midgut and function in food digestion and absorption, and as well as on the undifferentiated stem cells that are important for midgut development and repair. 29276491 4 40 theme different 944:952 arg1 specificities 975:987 different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA) 944:1020 different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA) 944:1020 For this purpose, we established primary midgut cell cultures, probed these individual cells that are freely suspended in liquid medium with a selection of seven fluorescently labeled lectins covering a range of different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA), GalNAc/Gal (RSA and SSA), GlcNAc (WGA and Nictaba) and Neu5Ac(α-2,6)Gal/GalNAc (SNA-I)], and visualized the interaction of these lectins with the different zones of the midgut cells using confocal microscopy. 29276491 4 41 theme binding 967:973 arg1 specificities 975:987 different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA) 944:1020 different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA) 944:1020 For this purpose, we established primary midgut cell cultures, probed these individual cells that are freely suspended in liquid medium with a selection of seven fluorescently labeled lectins covering a range of different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA), GalNAc/Gal (RSA and SSA), GlcNAc (WGA and Nictaba) and Neu5Ac(α-2,6)Gal/GalNAc (SNA-I)], and visualized the interaction of these lectins with the different zones of the midgut cells using confocal microscopy. 29276491 6 42 theme terminal 1651:1658 arg1 WGA 1679:1681 the terminal GlcNAc-recognizing WGA 1647:1681 the terminal GlcNAc-recognizing WGA 1647:1681 Confocal microscopy analyses showed that the GalNAc/Gal-binding lectins SSA and RSA and the terminal GlcNAc-recognizing WGA bound preferentially to the apical microvillar zone of the differentiated columnar cells as compared to the basolateral pole. 29276491 2 43 theme midgut 388:393 arg1 development 339:349 development 339:349 development 339:349 Although a few papers have reported on the role of glycans in the development and proper functioning of the insect midgut, no data are available regarding the localization of the glycan structures on the surface of the cells in the gut of insects. 29276491 0 44 theme Glycan 16:21 arg1 Motifs 23:28 Glycan Motifs 16:28 Glycan Motifs at the Surface of Midgut Cells 16:59 Distribution of Glycan Motifs at the Surface of Midgut Cells in the Cotton Leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) Demonstrated by Lectin Binding. 29276491 3 45 theme present 584:590 arg1 glycans 576:582 glycans 576:582 glycans present on the surface of the midgut cells in larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, an important agricultural pest insect worldwide 576:729 In this paper, we analyzed the spatial distribution of glycans present on the surface of the midgut cells in larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, an important agricultural pest insect worldwide. 29276491 5 46 located present 1373:1379 arg2 side 1346:1349 their apical side 1333:1349 their apical side 1333:1349 Our analysis focused on the typical differentiated columnar cells with a microvillar brush border at their apical side, which are dominantly present in the Lepidopteran midgut and function in food digestion and absorption, and as well as on the undifferentiated stem cells that are important for midgut development and repair. 29276491 5 46 located present 1373:1379 arg1 midgut 1401:1406 the Lepidopteran midgut 1384:1406 the Lepidopteran midgut 1384:1406 Our analysis focused on the typical differentiated columnar cells with a microvillar brush border at their apical side, which are dominantly present in the Lepidopteran midgut and function in food digestion and absorption, and as well as on the undifferentiated stem cells that are important for midgut development and repair. 29276491 10 47 theme glycans 2433:2439 arg1 distribution 2417:2428 a specific distribution 2406:2428 a specific distribution 2406:2428 Our results indicated that polarization of the midgut cells is also reflected by a specific distribution of glycans, especially between the basal and microvillar pole. 29276491 5 48 with cells 1292:1296 arg1 border 1323:1328 a microvillar brush border 1303:1328 a microvillar brush border at their apical side, which are dominantly present in the Lepidopteran midgut and function in food digestion and absorption 1303:1452 Our analysis focused on the typical differentiated columnar cells with a microvillar brush border at their apical side, which are dominantly present in the Lepidopteran midgut and function in food digestion and absorption, and as well as on the undifferentiated stem cells that are important for midgut development and repair. 29276491 8 49 theme lectin 1980:1985 arg1 binding 1987:1993 lectin binding 1980:1993 lectin binding to the basal and lateral zones of the cell membranes of the columnar cells 1980:2068 Furthermore, differences in lectin binding to the basal and lateral zones of the cell membranes of the columnar cells were apparent. 29276491 1 50 theme signal 201:206 arg1 transduction 208:219 signal transduction 201:219 signal transduction 201:219 Glycans are involved in many biological phenomena, including signal transduction, cell adhesion, immune response or differentiation. 29276491 6 51 theme microvillar 1718:1728 arg1 zone 1730:1733 the apical microvillar zone 1707:1733 the apical microvillar zone of the differentiated columnar cells 1707:1770 Confocal microscopy analyses showed that the GalNAc/Gal-binding lectins SSA and RSA and the terminal GlcNAc-recognizing WGA bound preferentially to the apical microvillar zone of the differentiated columnar cells as compared to the basolateral pole. 29276491 9 52 theme undifferentiated 2172:2187 arg1 cells 2189:2193 these undifferentiated cells 2166:2193 these undifferentiated cells 2166:2193 In the midgut stem cells, GNA and Nictaba bound more strongly to the membrane of these undifferentiated cells compared to the microvillar pole of the columnar cells, while SSA, HHA, WGA, and SNA-I showed stronger binding to the microvilli. 29276491 8 53 theme basal 2002:2006 arg1 zones 2020:2024 the basal and lateral zones 1998:2024 the basal and lateral zones of the cell membranes of the columnar cells 1998:2068 Furthermore, differences in lectin binding to the basal and lateral zones of the cell membranes of the columnar cells were apparent. 29276491 4 54 theme [mannose 989:996 arg1 oligomers 998:1006 [mannose oligomers 989:1006 different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA) 944:1020 For this purpose, we established primary midgut cell cultures, probed these individual cells that are freely suspended in liquid medium with a selection of seven fluorescently labeled lectins covering a range of different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA), GalNAc/Gal (RSA and SSA), GlcNAc (WGA and Nictaba) and Neu5Ac(α-2,6)Gal/GalNAc (SNA-I)], and visualized the interaction of these lectins with the different zones of the midgut cells using confocal microscopy. 29276491 4 54 theme [mannose 989:996 arg1 HHA 1017:1019 HHA 1017:1019 HHA 1017:1019 For this purpose, we established primary midgut cell cultures, probed these individual cells that are freely suspended in liquid medium with a selection of seven fluorescently labeled lectins covering a range of different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA), GalNAc/Gal (RSA and SSA), GlcNAc (WGA and Nictaba) and Neu5Ac(α-2,6)Gal/GalNAc (SNA-I)], and visualized the interaction of these lectins with the different zones of the midgut cells using confocal microscopy. 29276491 4 54 theme [mannose 989:996 arg1 GNA 1009:1011 GNA 1009:1011 GNA 1009:1011 For this purpose, we established primary midgut cell cultures, probed these individual cells that are freely suspended in liquid medium with a selection of seven fluorescently labeled lectins covering a range of different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA), GalNAc/Gal (RSA and SSA), GlcNAc (WGA and Nictaba) and Neu5Ac(α-2,6)Gal/GalNAc (SNA-I)], and visualized the interaction of these lectins with the different zones of the midgut cells using confocal microscopy. 29276491 3 55 from surface 599:605 arg1 larvae 630:635 larvae 630:635 larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, an important agricultural pest insect worldwide 630:729 In this paper, we analyzed the spatial distribution of glycans present on the surface of the midgut cells in larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, an important agricultural pest insect worldwide. 29276491 2 56 theme glycans 324:330 arg1 role 316:319 the role 312:319 the role of glycans in the development and proper functioning of the insect midgut 312:393 Although a few papers have reported on the role of glycans in the development and proper functioning of the insect midgut, no data are available regarding the localization of the glycan structures on the surface of the cells in the gut of insects. 29276491 8 57 theme lateral 2012:2018 arg1 zones 2020:2024 the basal and lateral zones 1998:2024 the basal and lateral zones of the cell membranes of the columnar cells 1998:2068 Furthermore, differences in lectin binding to the basal and lateral zones of the cell membranes of the columnar cells were apparent. 29276491 2 58 from gut 505:507 arg1 surface 477:483 the surface 473:483 the surface of the cells in the gut of insects 473:518 Although a few papers have reported on the role of glycans in the development and proper functioning of the insect midgut, no data are available regarding the localization of the glycan structures on the surface of the cells in the gut of insects. 29276491 4 59 theme midgut 1192:1197 arg1 cells 1199:1203 the midgut cells 1188:1203 the midgut cells 1188:1203 For this purpose, we established primary midgut cell cultures, probed these individual cells that are freely suspended in liquid medium with a selection of seven fluorescently labeled lectins covering a range of different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA), GalNAc/Gal (RSA and SSA), GlcNAc (WGA and Nictaba) and Neu5Ac(α-2,6)Gal/GalNAc (SNA-I)], and visualized the interaction of these lectins with the different zones of the midgut cells using confocal microscopy. 29276491 11 60 theme insect 2570:2575 arg1 midgut 2577:2582 the insect midgut 2566:2582 the insect midgut 2566:2582 The data are discussed in relation to the functioning and development of the insect midgut. 29276491 1 61 theme immune 237:242 arg1 response 244:251 immune response 237:251 immune response 237:251 Glycans are involved in many biological phenomena, including signal transduction, cell adhesion, immune response or differentiation. 29276491 2 62 from role 316:319 arg1 proper 355:360 proper 355:360 proper 355:360 Although a few papers have reported on the role of glycans in the development and proper functioning of the insect midgut, no data are available regarding the localization of the glycan structures on the surface of the cells in the gut of insects. 29276491 2 62 from role 316:319 arg1 development 339:349 development 339:349 development 339:349 Although a few papers have reported on the role of glycans in the development and proper functioning of the insect midgut, no data are available regarding the localization of the glycan structures on the surface of the cells in the gut of insects. 29276491 5 63 theme food 1424:1427 arg1 digestion 1429:1437 food digestion 1424:1437 food digestion 1424:1437 Our analysis focused on the typical differentiated columnar cells with a microvillar brush border at their apical side, which are dominantly present in the Lepidopteran midgut and function in food digestion and absorption, and as well as on the undifferentiated stem cells that are important for midgut development and repair. 29276491 3 64 theme cotton 644:649 arg1 littoralis 671:680 the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis 640:680 the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis 640:680 In this paper, we analyzed the spatial distribution of glycans present on the surface of the midgut cells in larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, an important agricultural pest insect worldwide. 29276491 3 64 theme cotton 644:649 arg1 worldwide 721:729 an important agricultural pest insect worldwide 683:729 an important agricultural pest insect worldwide 683:729 In this paper, we analyzed the spatial distribution of glycans present on the surface of the midgut cells in larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, an important agricultural pest insect worldwide. 29276491 5 65 theme microvillar 1305:1315 arg1 border 1323:1328 a microvillar brush border 1303:1328 a microvillar brush border at their apical side, which are dominantly present in the Lepidopteran midgut and function in food digestion and absorption 1303:1452 Our analysis focused on the typical differentiated columnar cells with a microvillar brush border at their apical side, which are dominantly present in the Lepidopteran midgut and function in food digestion and absorption, and as well as on the undifferentiated stem cells that are important for midgut development and repair. 29276491 8 66 theme cell 2033:2036 arg1 membranes 2038:2046 the cell membranes 2029:2046 the cell membranes of the columnar cells 2029:2068 Furthermore, differences in lectin binding to the basal and lateral zones of the cell membranes of the columnar cells were apparent. 29276491 3 67 from larvae 630:635 arg1 surface 599:605 the surface 595:605 the surface of the midgut cells in larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, an important agricultural pest insect worldwide 595:729 In this paper, we analyzed the spatial distribution of glycans present on the surface of the midgut cells in larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, an important agricultural pest insect worldwide. 29276491 4 68 theme different 1169:1177 arg1 zones 1179:1183 the different zones 1165:1183 the different zones of the midgut cells 1165:1203 For this purpose, we established primary midgut cell cultures, probed these individual cells that are freely suspended in liquid medium with a selection of seven fluorescently labeled lectins covering a range of different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA), GalNAc/Gal (RSA and SSA), GlcNAc (WGA and Nictaba) and Neu5Ac(α-2,6)Gal/GalNAc (SNA-I)], and visualized the interaction of these lectins with the different zones of the midgut cells using confocal microscopy. 29276491 5 69 theme typical 1260:1266 arg1 cells 1292:1296 the typical differentiated columnar cells 1256:1296 the typical differentiated columnar cells with a microvillar brush border at their apical side, which are dominantly present in the Lepidopteran midgut and function in food digestion and absorption 1256:1452 Our analysis focused on the typical differentiated columnar cells with a microvillar brush border at their apical side, which are dominantly present in the Lepidopteran midgut and function in food digestion and absorption, and as well as on the undifferentiated stem cells that are important for midgut development and repair. 29276491 4 70 dep GlcNAc 1049:1054 arg1 WGA 1057:1059 WGA 1057:1059 WGA 1057:1059 For this purpose, we established primary midgut cell cultures, probed these individual cells that are freely suspended in liquid medium with a selection of seven fluorescently labeled lectins covering a range of different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA), GalNAc/Gal (RSA and SSA), GlcNAc (WGA and Nictaba) and Neu5Ac(α-2,6)Gal/GalNAc (SNA-I)], and visualized the interaction of these lectins with the different zones of the midgut cells using confocal microscopy. 29276491 4 70 dep GlcNAc 1049:1054 arg1 Gal/GalNAc 1091:1100 Gal/GalNAc 1091:1100 Gal/GalNAc 1091:1100 For this purpose, we established primary midgut cell cultures, probed these individual cells that are freely suspended in liquid medium with a selection of seven fluorescently labeled lectins covering a range of different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA), GalNAc/Gal (RSA and SSA), GlcNAc (WGA and Nictaba) and Neu5Ac(α-2,6)Gal/GalNAc (SNA-I)], and visualized the interaction of these lectins with the different zones of the midgut cells using confocal microscopy. 29276491 4 70 dep GlcNAc 1049:1054 arg1 Nictaba 1065:1071 Nictaba 1065:1071 Nictaba 1065:1071 For this purpose, we established primary midgut cell cultures, probed these individual cells that are freely suspended in liquid medium with a selection of seven fluorescently labeled lectins covering a range of different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA), GalNAc/Gal (RSA and SSA), GlcNAc (WGA and Nictaba) and Neu5Ac(α-2,6)Gal/GalNAc (SNA-I)], and visualized the interaction of these lectins with the different zones of the midgut cells using confocal microscopy. 29276491 4 71 theme midgut 773:778 arg1 cultures 785:792 primary midgut cell cultures 765:792 primary midgut cell cultures 765:792 For this purpose, we established primary midgut cell cultures, probed these individual cells that are freely suspended in liquid medium with a selection of seven fluorescently labeled lectins covering a range of different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA), GalNAc/Gal (RSA and SSA), GlcNAc (WGA and Nictaba) and Neu5Ac(α-2,6)Gal/GalNAc (SNA-I)], and visualized the interaction of these lectins with the different zones of the midgut cells using confocal microscopy. 29276491 4 72 with interaction 1131:1141 arg1 zones 1179:1183 the different zones 1165:1183 the different zones of the midgut cells 1165:1203 For this purpose, we established primary midgut cell cultures, probed these individual cells that are freely suspended in liquid medium with a selection of seven fluorescently labeled lectins covering a range of different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA), GalNAc/Gal (RSA and SSA), GlcNAc (WGA and Nictaba) and Neu5Ac(α-2,6)Gal/GalNAc (SNA-I)], and visualized the interaction of these lectins with the different zones of the midgut cells using confocal microscopy. 29276491 5 73 theme stem 1494:1497 arg1 important 1514:1522 important 1514:1522 important 1514:1522 Our analysis focused on the typical differentiated columnar cells with a microvillar brush border at their apical side, which are dominantly present in the Lepidopteran midgut and function in food digestion and absorption, and as well as on the undifferentiated stem cells that are important for midgut development and repair. 29276491 5 73 theme stem 1494:1497 arg1 cells 1499:1503 the undifferentiated stem cells 1473:1503 the undifferentiated stem cells that are important for midgut development and repair 1473:1556 Our analysis focused on the typical differentiated columnar cells with a microvillar brush border at their apical side, which are dominantly present in the Lepidopteran midgut and function in food digestion and absorption, and as well as on the undifferentiated stem cells that are important for midgut development and repair. 29276491 5 74 theme columnar 1283:1290 arg1 cells 1292:1296 the typical differentiated columnar cells 1256:1296 the typical differentiated columnar cells with a microvillar brush border at their apical side, which are dominantly present in the Lepidopteran midgut and function in food digestion and absorption 1256:1452 Our analysis focused on the typical differentiated columnar cells with a microvillar brush border at their apical side, which are dominantly present in the Lepidopteran midgut and function in food digestion and absorption, and as well as on the undifferentiated stem cells that are important for midgut development and repair. 29276491 2 75 theme few 284:286 arg1 papers 288:293 a few papers 282:293 a few papers 282:293 Although a few papers have reported on the role of glycans in the development and proper functioning of the insect midgut, no data are available regarding the localization of the glycan structures on the surface of the cells in the gut of insects. 29276491 1 76 theme biological 169:178 arg1 phenomena 180:188 many biological phenomena 164:188 many biological phenomena 164:188 Glycans are involved in many biological phenomena, including signal transduction, cell adhesion, immune response or differentiation. 29276491 1 76 theme biological 169:178 arg1 transduction 208:219 signal transduction 201:219 signal transduction 201:219 Glycans are involved in many biological phenomena, including signal transduction, cell adhesion, immune response or differentiation. 29276491 1 76 theme biological 169:178 arg1 differentiation 256:270 differentiation 256:270 differentiation 256:270 Glycans are involved in many biological phenomena, including signal transduction, cell adhesion, immune response or differentiation. 29276491 1 76 theme biological 169:178 arg1 adhesion 227:234 cell adhesion 222:234 cell adhesion 222:234 Glycans are involved in many biological phenomena, including signal transduction, cell adhesion, immune response or differentiation. 29276491 1 76 theme biological 169:178 arg1 response 244:251 immune response 237:251 immune response 237:251 Glycans are involved in many biological phenomena, including signal transduction, cell adhesion, immune response or differentiation. 29276491 8 77 theme columnar 2055:2062 arg1 cells 2064:2068 the columnar cells 2051:2068 the columnar cells 2051:2068 Furthermore, differences in lectin binding to the basal and lateral zones of the cell membranes of the columnar cells were apparent. 29276491 6 78 theme differentiated 1742:1755 arg1 cells 1766:1770 the differentiated columnar cells 1738:1770 the differentiated columnar cells 1738:1770 Confocal microscopy analyses showed that the GalNAc/Gal-binding lectins SSA and RSA and the terminal GlcNAc-recognizing WGA bound preferentially to the apical microvillar zone of the differentiated columnar cells as compared to the basolateral pole. 29276491 3 79 theme Spodoptera 660:669 arg1 littoralis 671:680 the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis 640:680 the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis 640:680 In this paper, we analyzed the spatial distribution of glycans present on the surface of the midgut cells in larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, an important agricultural pest insect worldwide. 29276491 3 79 theme Spodoptera 660:669 arg1 worldwide 721:729 an important agricultural pest insect worldwide 683:729 an important agricultural pest insect worldwide 683:729 In this paper, we analyzed the spatial distribution of glycans present on the surface of the midgut cells in larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, an important agricultural pest insect worldwide. 29276491 5 80 attach present 1373:1379 arg2 side 1346:1349 their apical side 1333:1349 their apical side 1333:1349 Our analysis focused on the typical differentiated columnar cells with a microvillar brush border at their apical side, which are dominantly present in the Lepidopteran midgut and function in food digestion and absorption, and as well as on the undifferentiated stem cells that are important for midgut development and repair. 29276491 5 80 attach present 1373:1379 arg1 midgut 1401:1406 the Lepidopteran midgut 1384:1406 the Lepidopteran midgut 1384:1406 Our analysis focused on the typical differentiated columnar cells with a microvillar brush border at their apical side, which are dominantly present in the Lepidopteran midgut and function in food digestion and absorption, and as well as on the undifferentiated stem cells that are important for midgut development and repair. 29276491 7 81 theme mannose-binding 1849:1863 arg1 GNA 1873:1875 GNA 1873:1875 GNA 1873:1875 The reverse result was observed for the mannose-binding lectins GNA and HHA, as well as Nictaba that binds preferentially to GlcNAc oligomers. 29276491 7 81 theme mannose-binding 1849:1863 arg1 lectins 1865:1871 the mannose-binding lectins GNA and HHA 1845:1883 the mannose-binding lectins GNA and HHA 1845:1883 The reverse result was observed for the mannose-binding lectins GNA and HHA, as well as Nictaba that binds preferentially to GlcNAc oligomers. 29276491 7 81 theme mannose-binding 1849:1863 arg1 HHA 1881:1883 HHA 1881:1883 HHA 1881:1883 The reverse result was observed for the mannose-binding lectins GNA and HHA, as well as Nictaba that binds preferentially to GlcNAc oligomers. 29276491 3 82 from cells 621:625 arg1 larvae 630:635 larvae 630:635 larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, an important agricultural pest insect worldwide 630:729 In this paper, we analyzed the spatial distribution of glycans present on the surface of the midgut cells in larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, an important agricultural pest insect worldwide. 29276491 3 83 theme pest 709:712 arg1 littoralis 671:680 the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis 640:680 the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis 640:680 In this paper, we analyzed the spatial distribution of glycans present on the surface of the midgut cells in larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, an important agricultural pest insect worldwide. 29276491 3 83 theme pest 709:712 arg1 worldwide 721:729 an important agricultural pest insect worldwide 683:729 an important agricultural pest insect worldwide 683:729 In this paper, we analyzed the spatial distribution of glycans present on the surface of the midgut cells in larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, an important agricultural pest insect worldwide. 29276491 2 84 theme insects 512:518 arg1 gut 505:507 the gut 501:507 the gut of insects 501:518 Although a few papers have reported on the role of glycans in the development and proper functioning of the insect midgut, no data are available regarding the localization of the glycan structures on the surface of the cells in the gut of insects. 29276491 11 85 dep functioning 2535:2545 arg1 the 2531:2533 the 2531:2533 the 2531:2533 The data are discussed in relation to the functioning and development of the insect midgut. 29276491 3 86 theme important 686:694 arg1 littoralis 671:680 the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis 640:680 the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis 640:680 In this paper, we analyzed the spatial distribution of glycans present on the surface of the midgut cells in larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, an important agricultural pest insect worldwide. 29276491 3 86 theme important 686:694 arg1 worldwide 721:729 an important agricultural pest insect worldwide 683:729 an important agricultural pest insect worldwide 683:729 In this paper, we analyzed the spatial distribution of glycans present on the surface of the midgut cells in larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, an important agricultural pest insect worldwide. 29276491 9 87 theme cells 2244:2248 arg1 pole 2223:2226 the microvillar pole 2207:2226 the microvillar pole of the columnar cells 2207:2248 In the midgut stem cells, GNA and Nictaba bound more strongly to the membrane of these undifferentiated cells compared to the microvillar pole of the columnar cells, while SSA, HHA, WGA, and SNA-I showed stronger binding to the microvilli. 29276491 5 88 from present 1373:1379 arg1 midgut 1401:1406 the Lepidopteran midgut 1384:1406 the Lepidopteran midgut 1384:1406 Our analysis focused on the typical differentiated columnar cells with a microvillar brush border at their apical side, which are dominantly present in the Lepidopteran midgut and function in food digestion and absorption, and as well as on the undifferentiated stem cells that are important for midgut development and repair. 29276491 0 89 theme Cells 55:59 arg1 Surface 37:43 the Surface 33:43 the Surface of Midgut Cells 33:59 Distribution of Glycan Motifs at the Surface of Midgut Cells in the Cotton Leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) Demonstrated by Lectin Binding. 29276491 2 90 theme glycan 452:457 arg1 structures 459:468 the glycan structures 448:468 the glycan structures 448:468 Although a few papers have reported on the role of glycans in the development and proper functioning of the insect midgut, no data are available regarding the localization of the glycan structures on the surface of the cells in the gut of insects. 29276491 6 91 theme GalNAc/Gal-binding 1604:1621 arg1 lectins 1623:1629 the GalNAc/Gal-binding lectins SSA and RSA 1600:1641 the GalNAc/Gal-binding lectins SSA and RSA 1600:1641 Confocal microscopy analyses showed that the GalNAc/Gal-binding lectins SSA and RSA and the terminal GlcNAc-recognizing WGA bound preferentially to the apical microvillar zone of the differentiated columnar cells as compared to the basolateral pole. 29276491 6 91 theme GalNAc/Gal-binding 1604:1621 arg1 RSA 1639:1641 RSA 1639:1641 RSA 1639:1641 Confocal microscopy analyses showed that the GalNAc/Gal-binding lectins SSA and RSA and the terminal GlcNAc-recognizing WGA bound preferentially to the apical microvillar zone of the differentiated columnar cells as compared to the basolateral pole. 29276491 6 91 theme GalNAc/Gal-binding 1604:1621 arg1 SSA 1631:1633 SSA 1631:1633 SSA 1631:1633 Confocal microscopy analyses showed that the GalNAc/Gal-binding lectins SSA and RSA and the terminal GlcNAc-recognizing WGA bound preferentially to the apical microvillar zone of the differentiated columnar cells as compared to the basolateral pole. 29276491 5 92 from midgut 1401:1406 arg1 present 1373:1379 present 1373:1379 present 1373:1379 Our analysis focused on the typical differentiated columnar cells with a microvillar brush border at their apical side, which are dominantly present in the Lepidopteran midgut and function in food digestion and absorption, and as well as on the undifferentiated stem cells that are important for midgut development and repair. 29276491 7 93 theme GlcNAc 1934:1939 arg1 oligomers 1941:1949 GlcNAc oligomers 1934:1949 GlcNAc oligomers 1934:1949 The reverse result was observed for the mannose-binding lectins GNA and HHA, as well as Nictaba that binds preferentially to GlcNAc oligomers. 29276491 9 94 theme midgut 2092:2097 arg1 cells 2104:2108 the midgut stem cells 2088:2108 the midgut stem cells 2088:2108 In the midgut stem cells, GNA and Nictaba bound more strongly to the membrane of these undifferentiated cells compared to the microvillar pole of the columnar cells, while SSA, HHA, WGA, and SNA-I showed stronger binding to the microvilli. 29276491 0 95 theme Leafworm 75:82 arg1 littoralis 96:105 the Cotton Leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) 64:106 the Cotton Leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) 64:106 Distribution of Glycan Motifs at the Surface of Midgut Cells in the Cotton Leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) Demonstrated by Lectin Binding. 29276491 10 96 theme basal 2465:2469 arg1 pole 2487:2490 the basal and microvillar pole 2461:2490 the basal and microvillar pole 2461:2490 Our results indicated that polarization of the midgut cells is also reflected by a specific distribution of glycans, especially between the basal and microvillar pole. 29276491 9 97 theme stronger 2289:2296 arg1 binding 2298:2304 stronger binding 2289:2304 stronger binding to the microvilli 2289:2322 In the midgut stem cells, GNA and Nictaba bound more strongly to the membrane of these undifferentiated cells compared to the microvillar pole of the columnar cells, while SSA, HHA, WGA, and SNA-I showed stronger binding to the microvilli. 29276491 4 98 dep oligomers 998:1006 arg1 oligomers 998:1006 [mannose oligomers 989:1006 different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA) 944:1020 For this purpose, we established primary midgut cell cultures, probed these individual cells that are freely suspended in liquid medium with a selection of seven fluorescently labeled lectins covering a range of different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA), GalNAc/Gal (RSA and SSA), GlcNAc (WGA and Nictaba) and Neu5Ac(α-2,6)Gal/GalNAc (SNA-I)], and visualized the interaction of these lectins with the different zones of the midgut cells using confocal microscopy. 29276491 4 98 dep oligomers 998:1006 arg1 HHA 1017:1019 HHA 1017:1019 HHA 1017:1019 For this purpose, we established primary midgut cell cultures, probed these individual cells that are freely suspended in liquid medium with a selection of seven fluorescently labeled lectins covering a range of different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA), GalNAc/Gal (RSA and SSA), GlcNAc (WGA and Nictaba) and Neu5Ac(α-2,6)Gal/GalNAc (SNA-I)], and visualized the interaction of these lectins with the different zones of the midgut cells using confocal microscopy. 29276491 4 98 dep oligomers 998:1006 arg1 GNA 1009:1011 GNA 1009:1011 GNA 1009:1011 For this purpose, we established primary midgut cell cultures, probed these individual cells that are freely suspended in liquid medium with a selection of seven fluorescently labeled lectins covering a range of different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA), GalNAc/Gal (RSA and SSA), GlcNAc (WGA and Nictaba) and Neu5Ac(α-2,6)Gal/GalNAc (SNA-I)], and visualized the interaction of these lectins with the different zones of the midgut cells using confocal microscopy. 29276491 0 99 theme Spodoptera 85:94 arg1 littoralis 96:105 the Cotton Leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) 64:106 the Cotton Leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) 64:106 Distribution of Glycan Motifs at the Surface of Midgut Cells in the Cotton Leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) Demonstrated by Lectin Binding. 29276491 4 100 dep specificities 975:987 arg1 oligomers 998:1006 [mannose oligomers 989:1006 different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA) 944:1020 For this purpose, we established primary midgut cell cultures, probed these individual cells that are freely suspended in liquid medium with a selection of seven fluorescently labeled lectins covering a range of different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA), GalNAc/Gal (RSA and SSA), GlcNAc (WGA and Nictaba) and Neu5Ac(α-2,6)Gal/GalNAc (SNA-I)], and visualized the interaction of these lectins with the different zones of the midgut cells using confocal microscopy. 29276491 4 100 dep specificities 975:987 arg1 HHA 1017:1019 HHA 1017:1019 HHA 1017:1019 For this purpose, we established primary midgut cell cultures, probed these individual cells that are freely suspended in liquid medium with a selection of seven fluorescently labeled lectins covering a range of different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA), GalNAc/Gal (RSA and SSA), GlcNAc (WGA and Nictaba) and Neu5Ac(α-2,6)Gal/GalNAc (SNA-I)], and visualized the interaction of these lectins with the different zones of the midgut cells using confocal microscopy. 29276491 4 100 dep specificities 975:987 arg1 GNA 1009:1011 GNA 1009:1011 GNA 1009:1011 For this purpose, we established primary midgut cell cultures, probed these individual cells that are freely suspended in liquid medium with a selection of seven fluorescently labeled lectins covering a range of different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA), GalNAc/Gal (RSA and SSA), GlcNAc (WGA and Nictaba) and Neu5Ac(α-2,6)Gal/GalNAc (SNA-I)], and visualized the interaction of these lectins with the different zones of the midgut cells using confocal microscopy. 29276491 2 101 from localization 432:443 arg1 surface 477:483 the surface 473:483 the surface of the cells in the gut of insects 473:518 Although a few papers have reported on the role of glycans in the development and proper functioning of the insect midgut, no data are available regarding the localization of the glycan structures on the surface of the cells in the gut of insects. 29276491 10 102 theme cells 2379:2383 arg1 polarization 2352:2363 polarization 2352:2363 polarization of the midgut cells 2352:2383 Our results indicated that polarization of the midgut cells is also reflected by a specific distribution of glycans, especially between the basal and microvillar pole. 29276491 6 103 theme microscopy 1568:1577 arg1 analyses 1579:1586 Confocal microscopy analyses 1559:1586 Confocal microscopy analyses 1559:1586 Confocal microscopy analyses showed that the GalNAc/Gal-binding lectins SSA and RSA and the terminal GlcNAc-recognizing WGA bound preferentially to the apical microvillar zone of the differentiated columnar cells as compared to the basolateral pole. 29276491 2 104 theme cells 492:496 arg1 surface 477:483 the surface 473:483 the surface of the cells in the gut of insects 473:518 Although a few papers have reported on the role of glycans in the development and proper functioning of the insect midgut, no data are available regarding the localization of the glycan structures on the surface of the cells in the gut of insects. 29276491 6 105 theme GlcNAc-recognizing 1660:1677 arg1 WGA 1679:1681 the terminal GlcNAc-recognizing WGA 1647:1681 the terminal GlcNAc-recognizing WGA 1647:1681 Confocal microscopy analyses showed that the GalNAc/Gal-binding lectins SSA and RSA and the terminal GlcNAc-recognizing WGA bound preferentially to the apical microvillar zone of the differentiated columnar cells as compared to the basolateral pole. 29276491 10 106 theme specific 2408:2415 arg1 distribution 2417:2428 a specific distribution 2406:2428 a specific distribution 2406:2428 Our results indicated that polarization of the midgut cells is also reflected by a specific distribution of glycans, especially between the basal and microvillar pole. 29276491 0 107 theme Motifs 23:28 arg1 Distribution 0:11 Distribution 0:11 Distribution of Glycan Motifs at the Surface of Midgut Cells in the Cotton Leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) 0:106 Distribution of Glycan Motifs at the Surface of Midgut Cells in the Cotton Leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) Demonstrated by Lectin Binding. 29276491 4 108 theme carbohydrate 954:965 arg1 specificities 975:987 different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA) 944:1020 different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA) 944:1020 For this purpose, we established primary midgut cell cultures, probed these individual cells that are freely suspended in liquid medium with a selection of seven fluorescently labeled lectins covering a range of different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA), GalNAc/Gal (RSA and SSA), GlcNAc (WGA and Nictaba) and Neu5Ac(α-2,6)Gal/GalNAc (SNA-I)], and visualized the interaction of these lectins with the different zones of the midgut cells using confocal microscopy. 29276491 5 109 theme Lepidopteran 1388:1399 arg1 midgut 1401:1406 the Lepidopteran midgut 1384:1406 the Lepidopteran midgut 1384:1406 Our analysis focused on the typical differentiated columnar cells with a microvillar brush border at their apical side, which are dominantly present in the Lepidopteran midgut and function in food digestion and absorption, and as well as on the undifferentiated stem cells that are important for midgut development and repair. 29276491 3 110 theme glycans 576:582 arg1 distribution 560:571 the spatial distribution 548:571 the spatial distribution of glycans present on the surface of the midgut cells in larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, an important agricultural pest insect worldwide 548:729 In this paper, we analyzed the spatial distribution of glycans present on the surface of the midgut cells in larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, an important agricultural pest insect worldwide. 29276491 2 111 theme insect 381:386 arg1 midgut 388:393 the insect midgut 377:393 the insect midgut 377:393 Although a few papers have reported on the role of glycans in the development and proper functioning of the insect midgut, no data are available regarding the localization of the glycan structures on the surface of the cells in the gut of insects. 29276491 6 112 dep lectins 1623:1629 arg1 lectins 1623:1629 the GalNAc/Gal-binding lectins SSA and RSA 1600:1641 the GalNAc/Gal-binding lectins SSA and RSA 1600:1641 Confocal microscopy analyses showed that the GalNAc/Gal-binding lectins SSA and RSA and the terminal GlcNAc-recognizing WGA bound preferentially to the apical microvillar zone of the differentiated columnar cells as compared to the basolateral pole. 29276491 6 112 dep lectins 1623:1629 arg1 RSA 1639:1641 RSA 1639:1641 RSA 1639:1641 Confocal microscopy analyses showed that the GalNAc/Gal-binding lectins SSA and RSA and the terminal GlcNAc-recognizing WGA bound preferentially to the apical microvillar zone of the differentiated columnar cells as compared to the basolateral pole. 29276491 6 112 dep lectins 1623:1629 arg1 SSA 1631:1633 SSA 1631:1633 SSA 1631:1633 Confocal microscopy analyses showed that the GalNAc/Gal-binding lectins SSA and RSA and the terminal GlcNAc-recognizing WGA bound preferentially to the apical microvillar zone of the differentiated columnar cells as compared to the basolateral pole. 29276491 4 113 theme lectins 916:922 arg1 selection 875:883 a selection 873:883 a selection of seven fluorescently labeled lectins covering a range of different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA), GalNAc/Gal (RSA and SSA), GlcNAc (WGA and Nictaba) and Neu5Ac(α-2,6)Gal/GalNAc (SNA-I)], 873:1110 For this purpose, we established primary midgut cell cultures, probed these individual cells that are freely suspended in liquid medium with a selection of seven fluorescently labeled lectins covering a range of different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA), GalNAc/Gal (RSA and SSA), GlcNAc (WGA and Nictaba) and Neu5Ac(α-2,6)Gal/GalNAc (SNA-I)], and visualized the interaction of these lectins with the different zones of the midgut cells using confocal microscopy. 29276491 4 114 theme lectins 1152:1158 arg1 interaction 1131:1141 the interaction 1127:1141 the interaction of these lectins with the different zones of the midgut cells 1127:1203 For this purpose, we established primary midgut cell cultures, probed these individual cells that are freely suspended in liquid medium with a selection of seven fluorescently labeled lectins covering a range of different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA), GalNAc/Gal (RSA and SSA), GlcNAc (WGA and Nictaba) and Neu5Ac(α-2,6)Gal/GalNAc (SNA-I)], and visualized the interaction of these lectins with the different zones of the midgut cells using confocal microscopy. 29276491 6 115 theme cells 1766:1770 arg1 zone 1730:1733 the apical microvillar zone 1707:1733 the apical microvillar zone of the differentiated columnar cells 1707:1770 Confocal microscopy analyses showed that the GalNAc/Gal-binding lectins SSA and RSA and the terminal GlcNAc-recognizing WGA bound preferentially to the apical microvillar zone of the differentiated columnar cells as compared to the basolateral pole. 29276491 3 116 theme agricultural 696:707 arg1 littoralis 671:680 the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis 640:680 the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis 640:680 In this paper, we analyzed the spatial distribution of glycans present on the surface of the midgut cells in larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, an important agricultural pest insect worldwide. 29276491 3 116 theme agricultural 696:707 arg1 worldwide 721:729 an important agricultural pest insect worldwide 683:729 an important agricultural pest insect worldwide 683:729 In this paper, we analyzed the spatial distribution of glycans present on the surface of the midgut cells in larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, an important agricultural pest insect worldwide. 29276491 6 117 theme Confocal 1559:1566 arg1 microscopy 1568:1577 Confocal microscopy 1559:1577 Confocal microscopy analyses 1559:1586 Confocal microscopy analyses showed that the GalNAc/Gal-binding lectins SSA and RSA and the terminal GlcNAc-recognizing WGA bound preferentially to the apical microvillar zone of the differentiated columnar cells as compared to the basolateral pole. 29276491 2 118 from cells 492:496 arg1 gut 505:507 the gut 501:507 the gut of insects 501:518 Although a few papers have reported on the role of glycans in the development and proper functioning of the insect midgut, no data are available regarding the localization of the glycan structures on the surface of the cells in the gut of insects. 29276491 2 119 dep development 339:349 arg1 the 335:337 the 335:337 the 335:337 Although a few papers have reported on the role of glycans in the development and proper functioning of the insect midgut, no data are available regarding the localization of the glycan structures on the surface of the cells in the gut of insects. 29276491 8 120 from differences 1965:1975 arg1 binding 1987:1993 lectin binding 1980:1993 lectin binding to the basal and lateral zones of the cell membranes of the columnar cells 1980:2068 Furthermore, differences in lectin binding to the basal and lateral zones of the cell membranes of the columnar cells were apparent. 29276491 6 121 theme apical 1711:1716 arg1 zone 1730:1733 the apical microvillar zone 1707:1733 the apical microvillar zone of the differentiated columnar cells 1707:1770 Confocal microscopy analyses showed that the GalNAc/Gal-binding lectins SSA and RSA and the terminal GlcNAc-recognizing WGA bound preferentially to the apical microvillar zone of the differentiated columnar cells as compared to the basolateral pole. 29276491 3 122 theme cells 621:625 arg1 surface 599:605 the surface 595:605 the surface of the midgut cells in larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, an important agricultural pest insect worldwide 595:729 In this paper, we analyzed the spatial distribution of glycans present on the surface of the midgut cells in larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, an important agricultural pest insect worldwide. 29276491 9 123 theme cells 2189:2193 arg1 membrane 2154:2161 the membrane 2150:2161 the membrane of these undifferentiated cells 2150:2193 In the midgut stem cells, GNA and Nictaba bound more strongly to the membrane of these undifferentiated cells compared to the microvillar pole of the columnar cells, while SSA, HHA, WGA, and SNA-I showed stronger binding to the microvilli. 29276491 1 124 theme cell 222:225 arg1 adhesion 227:234 cell adhesion 222:234 cell adhesion 222:234 Glycans are involved in many biological phenomena, including signal transduction, cell adhesion, immune response or differentiation. 29194598 7 0 theme packing 1081:1087 arg1 density 1089:1095 packing density 1081:1095 packing density 1081:1095 Major differences were found for the pasting with peak viscosities differing from 3184 to 7312 mPa⋅s. Starch from accessions Chencha and Inuka showed a difference in packing density as clearly seen through cryo-SEM image at 75% of the peak viscosity (PV), and the granular integrity was mainly responsible for the significant difference in their PV and breakdown. 29194598 4 1 theme water 565:569 arg1 absorption 571:580 water absorption 565:580 water absorption 565:580 Pasting properties, water absorption, and gelation capacity were compared. 29194598 2 2 theme different 339:347 arg1 areas 349:353 4 different areas 337:353 4 different areas 337:353 Starch was extracted from tubers of 6 accessions collected from 4 different areas in Ethiopia. 29194598 1 3 theme edulis 251:256 arg1 tubers 228:233 tubers 228:233 tubers of Plectranthus edulis 228:256 Chemical composition, granular morphology and pasting properties of native starch extracted from tubers of Plectranthus edulis were analyzed. 29194598 14 4 theme extracts 2239:2246 arg1 temperature 2195:2205 the significantly higher pasting temperature 2162:2205 the significantly higher pasting temperature of the studied P. edulis starch extracts 2162:2246 Based on the significantly higher pasting temperature of the studied P. edulis starch extracts, it can form an alternative for potato starch, which is less suitable for its use in pasteurized foods. 29194598 7 5 theme significant 1229:1239 arg1 difference 1241:1250 the significant difference 1225:1250 the significant difference in their PV and breakdown 1225:1276 Major differences were found for the pasting with peak viscosities differing from 3184 to 7312 mPa⋅s. Starch from accessions Chencha and Inuka showed a difference in packing density as clearly seen through cryo-SEM image at 75% of the peak viscosity (PV), and the granular integrity was mainly responsible for the significant difference in their PV and breakdown. 29194598 3 6 theme starch 517:522 arg1 paste 524:528 the starch paste 513:528 the starch paste 513:528 Particle size analysis (PSA) and cryo-scanning electron microscope (cryo-SEM) imaging were used to examine the granular morphology and visualize the starch paste, respectively. 29194598 14 7 theme edulis 2225:2230 arg1 extracts 2239:2246 the studied P. edulis starch extracts 2210:2246 the studied P. edulis starch extracts 2210:2246 Based on the significantly higher pasting temperature of the studied P. edulis starch extracts, it can form an alternative for potato starch, which is less suitable for its use in pasteurized foods. 29194598 8 8 from zone 1391:1394 arg1 Chenqoua 1415:1422 Chenqoua 1415:1422 Chenqoua 1415:1422 Principal component analysis revealed 2 distinct groups: native starch extracted from accessions at the Wolayta zone (Inuka, Lofua, and Chenqoua) and other accessions (Jarmet, Arjo white, and Chencha). 29194598 8 8 from zone 1391:1394 arg1 Jarmet 1447:1452 Jarmet 1447:1452 Jarmet 1447:1452 Principal component analysis revealed 2 distinct groups: native starch extracted from accessions at the Wolayta zone (Inuka, Lofua, and Chenqoua) and other accessions (Jarmet, Arjo white, and Chencha). 29194598 8 8 from zone 1391:1394 arg1 Arjo 1455:1458 Arjo 1455:1458 Arjo 1455:1458 Principal component analysis revealed 2 distinct groups: native starch extracted from accessions at the Wolayta zone (Inuka, Lofua, and Chenqoua) and other accessions (Jarmet, Arjo white, and Chencha). 29194598 8 8 from zone 1391:1394 arg1 accessions 1365:1374 accessions 1365:1374 accessions at the Wolayta zone (Inuka, Lofua, and Chenqoua) 1365:1423 Principal component analysis revealed 2 distinct groups: native starch extracted from accessions at the Wolayta zone (Inuka, Lofua, and Chenqoua) and other accessions (Jarmet, Arjo white, and Chencha). 29194598 8 8 from zone 1391:1394 arg1 accessions 1435:1444 other accessions 1429:1444 other accessions (Jarmet, Arjo white, and Chencha) 1429:1478 Principal component analysis revealed 2 distinct groups: native starch extracted from accessions at the Wolayta zone (Inuka, Lofua, and Chenqoua) and other accessions (Jarmet, Arjo white, and Chencha). 29194598 8 8 from zone 1391:1394 arg1 Lofua 1404:1408 Lofua 1404:1408 Lofua 1404:1408 Principal component analysis revealed 2 distinct groups: native starch extracted from accessions at the Wolayta zone (Inuka, Lofua, and Chenqoua) and other accessions (Jarmet, Arjo white, and Chencha). 29194598 8 8 from zone 1391:1394 arg1 Chencha 1471:1477 Chencha 1471:1477 Chencha 1471:1477 Principal component analysis revealed 2 distinct groups: native starch extracted from accessions at the Wolayta zone (Inuka, Lofua, and Chenqoua) and other accessions (Jarmet, Arjo white, and Chencha). 29194598 13 9 from application 2039:2049 arg1 foods 2067:2071 refrigerated foods 2054:2071 refrigerated foods 2054:2071 Moreover, the low amylose content makes it preferable for an application in refrigerated foods as this unique quality trait prevents syneresis in end products during storage. 29194598 1 10 theme pasting 177:183 arg1 properties 185:194 pasting properties 177:194 pasting properties 177:194 Chemical composition, granular morphology and pasting properties of native starch extracted from tubers of Plectranthus edulis were analyzed. 29194598 5 11 dep 599 693:695 arg1 to 690:691 to 690:691 to 690:691 A wide range was found for the amylose (14.2% to 23.9%), calcium (216 to 599), potassium (131 to 878), and phosphorus (1337 to 2090) contents (parts per million per dry matter). 29194598 0 12 theme Oromo 109:113 arg1 Tubers 123:128 Plectranthus edulis (Oromo dinich) Tubers 88:128 Plectranthus edulis (Oromo dinich) Tubers 88:128 Composition, Granular Structure, and Pasting Properties of Native Starch Extracted from Plectranthus edulis (Oromo dinich) Tubers. 29194598 11 13 theme valuable 1829:1836 arg1 source 1845:1850 a valuable starch source 1827:1850 a valuable starch source 1827:1850 PRACTICAL APPLICATION Plectranthus edulis is cultivated in considerable amounts throughout Ethiopia, which makes it a valuable starch source. 29194598 5 14 theme phosphorus 727:736 arg1 amylose 651:657 the amylose 647:657 the amylose (14.2% to 23.9%) 647:674 A wide range was found for the amylose (14.2% to 23.9%), calcium (216 to 599), potassium (131 to 878), and phosphorus (1337 to 2090) contents (parts per million per dry matter). 29194598 5 14 theme phosphorus 727:736 arg1 contents 753:760 calcium (216 to 599), potassium (131 to 878), and phosphorus (1337 to 2090) contents 677:760 calcium (216 to 599), potassium (131 to 878), and phosphorus (1337 to 2090) contents (parts per million per dry matter) 677:795 A wide range was found for the amylose (14.2% to 23.9%), calcium (216 to 599), potassium (131 to 878), and phosphorus (1337 to 2090) contents (parts per million per dry matter). 29194598 6 15 theme bimodal 811:817 arg1 distribution 819:830 a bimodal distribution 809:830 a bimodal distribution containing small spherical (14.6 μm) and large ellipse-shaped (190.4 μm) granules 809:912 PSA showed a bimodal distribution containing small spherical (14.6 μm) and large ellipse-shaped (190.4 μm) granules. 29194598 8 16 dep groups 1328:1333 arg1 starch 1343:1348 native starch 1336:1348 2 distinct groups: native starch extracted from accessions at the Wolayta zone (Inuka, Lofua, and Chenqoua) and other accessions (Jarmet, Arjo white, and Chencha) 1317:1478 Principal component analysis revealed 2 distinct groups: native starch extracted from accessions at the Wolayta zone (Inuka, Lofua, and Chenqoua) and other accessions (Jarmet, Arjo white, and Chencha). 29194598 1 17 theme starch 206:211 arg1 composition 140:150 Chemical composition 131:150 Chemical composition 131:150 Chemical composition, granular morphology and pasting properties of native starch extracted from tubers of Plectranthus edulis were analyzed. 29194598 1 17 theme starch 206:211 arg1 morphology 162:171 granular morphology 153:171 granular morphology 153:171 Chemical composition, granular morphology and pasting properties of native starch extracted from tubers of Plectranthus edulis were analyzed. 29194598 1 17 theme starch 206:211 arg1 properties 185:194 pasting properties 177:194 pasting properties 177:194 Chemical composition, granular morphology and pasting properties of native starch extracted from tubers of Plectranthus edulis were analyzed. 29194598 5 18 theme dry 785:787 arg1 matter 789:794 dry matter 785:794 dry matter 785:794 A wide range was found for the amylose (14.2% to 23.9%), calcium (216 to 599), potassium (131 to 878), and phosphorus (1337 to 2090) contents (parts per million per dry matter). 29194598 8 19 theme Principal 1279:1287 arg1 analysis 1299:1306 Principal component analysis 1279:1306 Principal component analysis 1279:1306 Principal component analysis revealed 2 distinct groups: native starch extracted from accessions at the Wolayta zone (Inuka, Lofua, and Chenqoua) and other accessions (Jarmet, Arjo white, and Chencha). 29194598 9 20 theme P. 1517:1518 arg1 starch 1527:1532 P. edulis starch 1517:1532 P. edulis starch 1517:1532 The study revealed the potential of P. edulis starch for its application in food industries. 29194598 8 21 dep accessions 1435:1444 arg1 accessions 1435:1444 other accessions 1429:1444 other accessions (Jarmet, Arjo white, and Chencha) 1429:1478 Principal component analysis revealed 2 distinct groups: native starch extracted from accessions at the Wolayta zone (Inuka, Lofua, and Chenqoua) and other accessions (Jarmet, Arjo white, and Chencha). 29194598 8 21 dep accessions 1435:1444 arg1 Arjo 1455:1458 Arjo 1455:1458 Arjo 1455:1458 Principal component analysis revealed 2 distinct groups: native starch extracted from accessions at the Wolayta zone (Inuka, Lofua, and Chenqoua) and other accessions (Jarmet, Arjo white, and Chencha). 29194598 8 21 dep accessions 1435:1444 arg1 Jarmet 1447:1452 Jarmet 1447:1452 Jarmet 1447:1452 Principal component analysis revealed 2 distinct groups: native starch extracted from accessions at the Wolayta zone (Inuka, Lofua, and Chenqoua) and other accessions (Jarmet, Arjo white, and Chencha). 29194598 8 21 dep accessions 1435:1444 arg1 Chencha 1471:1477 Chencha 1471:1477 Chencha 1471:1477 Principal component analysis revealed 2 distinct groups: native starch extracted from accessions at the Wolayta zone (Inuka, Lofua, and Chenqoua) and other accessions (Jarmet, Arjo white, and Chencha). 29194598 0 22 theme Granular 13:20 arg1 Structure 22:30 Granular Structure 13:30 Granular Structure 13:30 Composition, Granular Structure, and Pasting Properties of Native Starch Extracted from Plectranthus edulis (Oromo dinich) Tubers. 29194598 1 23 theme Chemical 131:138 arg1 composition 140:150 Chemical composition 131:150 Chemical composition 131:150 Chemical composition, granular morphology and pasting properties of native starch extracted from tubers of Plectranthus edulis were analyzed. 29194598 9 24 theme starch 1527:1532 arg1 potential 1504:1512 the potential 1500:1512 the potential of P. edulis starch for its application in food industries 1500:1571 The study revealed the potential of P. edulis starch for its application in food industries. 29194598 6 25 dep spherical 849:857 arg1 granules 905:912 granules 905:912 granules 905:912 PSA showed a bimodal distribution containing small spherical (14.6 μm) and large ellipse-shaped (190.4 μm) granules. 29194598 7 26 dep 7312 1005:1008 arg1 to 1002:1003 to 1002:1003 to 1002:1003 Major differences were found for the pasting with peak viscosities differing from 3184 to 7312 mPa⋅s. Starch from accessions Chencha and Inuka showed a difference in packing density as clearly seen through cryo-SEM image at 75% of the peak viscosity (PV), and the granular integrity was mainly responsible for the significant difference in their PV and breakdown. 29194598 0 27 theme Starch 66:71 arg1 Composition 0:10 Composition 0:10 Composition 0:10 Composition, Granular Structure, and Pasting Properties of Native Starch Extracted from Plectranthus edulis (Oromo dinich) Tubers. 29194598 0 27 theme Starch 66:71 arg1 Structure 22:30 Granular Structure 13:30 Granular Structure 13:30 Composition, Granular Structure, and Pasting Properties of Native Starch Extracted from Plectranthus edulis (Oromo dinich) Tubers. 29194598 0 27 theme Starch 66:71 arg1 Properties 45:54 Pasting Properties 37:54 Pasting Properties 37:54 Composition, Granular Structure, and Pasting Properties of Native Starch Extracted from Plectranthus edulis (Oromo dinich) Tubers. 29194598 8 28 theme native 1336:1341 arg1 starch 1343:1348 native starch 1336:1348 2 distinct groups: native starch extracted from accessions at the Wolayta zone (Inuka, Lofua, and Chenqoua) and other accessions (Jarmet, Arjo white, and Chencha) 1317:1478 Principal component analysis revealed 2 distinct groups: native starch extracted from accessions at the Wolayta zone (Inuka, Lofua, and Chenqoua) and other accessions (Jarmet, Arjo white, and Chencha). 29194598 3 29 theme microscope 424:433 arg1 imaging 446:452 cryo-scanning electron microscope (cryo-SEM) imaging 401:452 cryo-scanning electron microscope (cryo-SEM) imaging 401:452 Particle size analysis (PSA) and cryo-scanning electron microscope (cryo-SEM) imaging were used to examine the granular morphology and visualize the starch paste, respectively. 29194598 0 30 theme edulis 101:106 arg1 Tubers 123:128 Plectranthus edulis (Oromo dinich) Tubers 88:128 Plectranthus edulis (Oromo dinich) Tubers 88:128 Composition, Granular Structure, and Pasting Properties of Native Starch Extracted from Plectranthus edulis (Oromo dinich) Tubers. 29194598 3 31 theme size 377:380 arg1 PSA 392:394 PSA 392:394 PSA 392:394 Particle size analysis (PSA) and cryo-scanning electron microscope (cryo-SEM) imaging were used to examine the granular morphology and visualize the starch paste, respectively. 29194598 3 31 theme size 377:380 arg1 analysis 382:389 Particle size analysis 368:389 Particle size analysis (PSA) 368:395 Particle size analysis (PSA) and cryo-scanning electron microscope (cryo-SEM) imaging were used to examine the granular morphology and visualize the starch paste, respectively. 29194598 3 32 theme cryo-scanning 401:413 arg1 microscope 424:433 cryo-scanning electron microscope 401:433 cryo-scanning electron microscope (cryo-SEM) imaging 401:452 Particle size analysis (PSA) and cryo-scanning electron microscope (cryo-SEM) imaging were used to examine the granular morphology and visualize the starch paste, respectively. 29194598 3 32 theme cryo-scanning 401:413 arg1 cryo-SEM 436:443 cryo-SEM 436:443 cryo-SEM 436:443 Particle size analysis (PSA) and cryo-scanning electron microscope (cryo-SEM) imaging were used to examine the granular morphology and visualize the starch paste, respectively. 29194598 13 33 theme low 1992:1994 arg1 content 2004:2010 the low amylose content 1988:2010 the low amylose content 1988:2010 Moreover, the low amylose content makes it preferable for an application in refrigerated foods as this unique quality trait prevents syneresis in end products during storage. 29194598 7 34 theme peak 1150:1153 arg1 PV 1166:1167 PV 1166:1167 PV 1166:1167 Major differences were found for the pasting with peak viscosities differing from 3184 to 7312 mPa⋅s. Starch from accessions Chencha and Inuka showed a difference in packing density as clearly seen through cryo-SEM image at 75% of the peak viscosity (PV), and the granular integrity was mainly responsible for the significant difference in their PV and breakdown. 29194598 7 34 theme peak 1150:1153 arg1 viscosity 1155:1163 the peak viscosity 1146:1163 the peak viscosity (PV) 1146:1168 Major differences were found for the pasting with peak viscosities differing from 3184 to 7312 mPa⋅s. Starch from accessions Chencha and Inuka showed a difference in packing density as clearly seen through cryo-SEM image at 75% of the peak viscosity (PV), and the granular integrity was mainly responsible for the significant difference in their PV and breakdown. 29194598 10 35 theme inherent 1587:1594 arg1 variation 1596:1604 the inherent variation 1583:1604 the inherent variation due to environmental conditions on physicochemical properties of the starch 1583:1680 However, the inherent variation due to environmental conditions on physicochemical properties of the starch needs further investigation. 29194598 11 36 theme APPLICATION 1721:1731 arg1 edulis 1746:1751 PRACTICAL APPLICATION Plectranthus edulis 1711:1751 PRACTICAL APPLICATION Plectranthus edulis 1711:1751 PRACTICAL APPLICATION Plectranthus edulis is cultivated in considerable amounts throughout Ethiopia, which makes it a valuable starch source. 29194598 7 37 theme mPa⋅s. 1010:1015 arg1 Starch 1017:1022 3184 to 7312 mPa⋅s. Starch 997:1022 3184 to 7312 mPa⋅s. Starch 997:1022 Major differences were found for the pasting with peak viscosities differing from 3184 to 7312 mPa⋅s. Starch from accessions Chencha and Inuka showed a difference in packing density as clearly seen through cryo-SEM image at 75% of the peak viscosity (PV), and the granular integrity was mainly responsible for the significant difference in their PV and breakdown. 29194598 4 38 theme Pasting 545:551 arg1 properties 553:562 Pasting properties 545:562 Pasting properties 545:562 Pasting properties, water absorption, and gelation capacity were compared. 29194598 12 39 theme current 1954:1960 arg1 sources 1969:1975 the current starch sources 1950:1975 the current starch sources 1950:1975 Due to its low tendency to retrograde, it could be applied in food industry as an equivalent for the current starch sources. 29194598 5 40 theme potassium 699:707 arg1 amylose 651:657 the amylose 647:657 the amylose (14.2% to 23.9%) 647:674 A wide range was found for the amylose (14.2% to 23.9%), calcium (216 to 599), potassium (131 to 878), and phosphorus (1337 to 2090) contents (parts per million per dry matter). 29194598 5 40 theme potassium 699:707 arg1 contents 753:760 calcium (216 to 599), potassium (131 to 878), and phosphorus (1337 to 2090) contents 677:760 calcium (216 to 599), potassium (131 to 878), and phosphorus (1337 to 2090) contents (parts per million per dry matter) 677:795 A wide range was found for the amylose (14.2% to 23.9%), calcium (216 to 599), potassium (131 to 878), and phosphorus (1337 to 2090) contents (parts per million per dry matter). 29194598 7 41 dep accessions 1029:1038 arg1 integrity 1188:1196 the granular integrity 1175:1196 the granular integrity 1175:1196 Major differences were found for the pasting with peak viscosities differing from 3184 to 7312 mPa⋅s. Starch from accessions Chencha and Inuka showed a difference in packing density as clearly seen through cryo-SEM image at 75% of the peak viscosity (PV), and the granular integrity was mainly responsible for the significant difference in their PV and breakdown. 29194598 7 41 dep accessions 1029:1038 arg1 responsible 1209:1219 responsible 1209:1219 responsible 1209:1219 Major differences were found for the pasting with peak viscosities differing from 3184 to 7312 mPa⋅s. Starch from accessions Chencha and Inuka showed a difference in packing density as clearly seen through cryo-SEM image at 75% of the peak viscosity (PV), and the granular integrity was mainly responsible for the significant difference in their PV and breakdown. 29194598 7 41 dep accessions 1029:1038 arg1 showed 1058:1063 showed 1058:1063 showed a difference in packing density as clearly seen through cryo-SEM image at 75% of the peak viscosity (PV) 1058:1168 Major differences were found for the pasting with peak viscosities differing from 3184 to 7312 mPa⋅s. Starch from accessions Chencha and Inuka showed a difference in packing density as clearly seen through cryo-SEM image at 75% of the peak viscosity (PV), and the granular integrity was mainly responsible for the significant difference in their PV and breakdown. 29194598 5 42 dep % 673:673 arg1 to 666:667 to 666:667 to 666:667 A wide range was found for the amylose (14.2% to 23.9%), calcium (216 to 599), potassium (131 to 878), and phosphorus (1337 to 2090) contents (parts per million per dry matter). 29194598 6 43 contain containing 832:841 arg2 ellipse-shaped 879:892 ellipse-shaped 879:892 ellipse-shaped 879:892 PSA showed a bimodal distribution containing small spherical (14.6 μm) and large ellipse-shaped (190.4 μm) granules. 29194598 6 43 contain containing 832:841 arg1 distribution 819:830 a bimodal distribution 809:830 a bimodal distribution containing small spherical (14.6 μm) and large ellipse-shaped (190.4 μm) granules 809:912 PSA showed a bimodal distribution containing small spherical (14.6 μm) and large ellipse-shaped (190.4 μm) granules. 29194598 6 43 contain containing 832:841 arg2 μm 901:902 190.4 μm 895:902 190.4 μm 895:902 PSA showed a bimodal distribution containing small spherical (14.6 μm) and large ellipse-shaped (190.4 μm) granules. 29194598 6 43 contain containing 832:841 arg2 μm 865:866 14.6 μm 860:866 14.6 μm 860:866 PSA showed a bimodal distribution containing small spherical (14.6 μm) and large ellipse-shaped (190.4 μm) granules. 29194598 6 43 contain containing 832:841 arg2 spherical 849:857 spherical 849:857 spherical 849:857 PSA showed a bimodal distribution containing small spherical (14.6 μm) and large ellipse-shaped (190.4 μm) granules. 29194598 14 44 theme studied 2214:2220 arg1 extracts 2239:2246 the studied P. edulis starch extracts 2210:2246 the studied P. edulis starch extracts 2210:2246 Based on the significantly higher pasting temperature of the studied P. edulis starch extracts, it can form an alternative for potato starch, which is less suitable for its use in pasteurized foods. 29194598 0 45 theme Pasting 37:43 arg1 Properties 45:54 Pasting Properties 37:54 Pasting Properties 37:54 Composition, Granular Structure, and Pasting Properties of Native Starch Extracted from Plectranthus edulis (Oromo dinich) Tubers. 29194598 5 46 dep contents 753:760 arg1 parts 763:767 parts 763:767 parts per million per dry matter 763:794 A wide range was found for the amylose (14.2% to 23.9%), calcium (216 to 599), potassium (131 to 878), and phosphorus (1337 to 2090) contents (parts per million per dry matter). 29194598 10 47 theme physicochemical 1641:1655 arg1 properties 1657:1666 physicochemical properties 1641:1666 physicochemical properties of the starch 1641:1680 However, the inherent variation due to environmental conditions on physicochemical properties of the starch needs further investigation. 29194598 14 48 theme pasting 2187:2193 arg1 temperature 2195:2205 the significantly higher pasting temperature 2162:2205 the significantly higher pasting temperature of the studied P. edulis starch extracts 2162:2246 Based on the significantly higher pasting temperature of the studied P. edulis starch extracts, it can form an alternative for potato starch, which is less suitable for its use in pasteurized foods. 29194598 10 49 theme further 1688:1694 arg1 investigation 1696:1708 further investigation 1688:1708 further investigation 1688:1708 However, the inherent variation due to environmental conditions on physicochemical properties of the starch needs further investigation. 29194598 7 50 theme peak 965:968 arg1 viscosities 970:980 peak viscosities 965:980 peak viscosities differing from 3184 to 7312 mPa⋅s. Starch from accessions Chencha and Inuka showed a difference in packing density as clearly seen through cryo-SEM image at 75% of the peak viscosity (PV), and the granular integrity was mainly responsible for the significant difference in their PV and breakdown 965:1276 Major differences were found for the pasting with peak viscosities differing from 3184 to 7312 mPa⋅s. Starch from accessions Chencha and Inuka showed a difference in packing density as clearly seen through cryo-SEM image at 75% of the peak viscosity (PV), and the granular integrity was mainly responsible for the significant difference in their PV and breakdown. 29194598 3 51 theme granular 479:486 arg1 morphology 488:497 the granular morphology 475:497 the granular morphology 475:497 Particle size analysis (PSA) and cryo-scanning electron microscope (cryo-SEM) imaging were used to examine the granular morphology and visualize the starch paste, respectively. 29194598 1 52 theme Plectranthus 238:249 arg1 edulis 251:256 Plectranthus edulis 238:256 Plectranthus edulis 238:256 Chemical composition, granular morphology and pasting properties of native starch extracted from tubers of Plectranthus edulis were analyzed. 29194598 10 53 theme starch 1675:1680 arg1 properties 1657:1666 physicochemical properties 1641:1666 physicochemical properties of the starch 1641:1680 However, the inherent variation due to environmental conditions on physicochemical properties of the starch needs further investigation. 29194598 5 54 dep 878 717:719 arg1 to 714:715 to 714:715 to 714:715 A wide range was found for the amylose (14.2% to 23.9%), calcium (216 to 599), potassium (131 to 878), and phosphorus (1337 to 2090) contents (parts per million per dry matter). 29194598 8 55 theme other 1429:1433 arg1 Chencha 1471:1477 Chencha 1471:1477 Chencha 1471:1477 Principal component analysis revealed 2 distinct groups: native starch extracted from accessions at the Wolayta zone (Inuka, Lofua, and Chenqoua) and other accessions (Jarmet, Arjo white, and Chencha). 29194598 8 55 theme other 1429:1433 arg1 Arjo 1455:1458 Arjo 1455:1458 Arjo 1455:1458 Principal component analysis revealed 2 distinct groups: native starch extracted from accessions at the Wolayta zone (Inuka, Lofua, and Chenqoua) and other accessions (Jarmet, Arjo white, and Chencha). 29194598 8 55 theme other 1429:1433 arg1 Jarmet 1447:1452 Jarmet 1447:1452 Jarmet 1447:1452 Principal component analysis revealed 2 distinct groups: native starch extracted from accessions at the Wolayta zone (Inuka, Lofua, and Chenqoua) and other accessions (Jarmet, Arjo white, and Chencha). 29194598 8 55 theme other 1429:1433 arg1 accessions 1435:1444 other accessions 1429:1444 other accessions (Jarmet, Arjo white, and Chencha) 1429:1478 Principal component analysis revealed 2 distinct groups: native starch extracted from accessions at the Wolayta zone (Inuka, Lofua, and Chenqoua) and other accessions (Jarmet, Arjo white, and Chencha). 29194598 14 56 from use 2326:2328 arg1 foods 2345:2349 pasteurized foods 2333:2349 pasteurized foods 2333:2349 Based on the significantly higher pasting temperature of the studied P. edulis starch extracts, it can form an alternative for potato starch, which is less suitable for its use in pasteurized foods. 29194598 1 57 theme granular 153:160 arg1 morphology 162:171 granular morphology 153:171 granular morphology 153:171 Chemical composition, granular morphology and pasting properties of native starch extracted from tubers of Plectranthus edulis were analyzed. 29194598 14 58 theme starch 2232:2237 arg1 extracts 2239:2246 the studied P. edulis starch extracts 2210:2246 the studied P. edulis starch extracts 2210:2246 Based on the significantly higher pasting temperature of the studied P. edulis starch extracts, it can form an alternative for potato starch, which is less suitable for its use in pasteurized foods. 29194598 11 59 theme starch 1838:1843 arg1 source 1845:1850 a valuable starch source 1827:1850 a valuable starch source 1827:1850 PRACTICAL APPLICATION Plectranthus edulis is cultivated in considerable amounts throughout Ethiopia, which makes it a valuable starch source. 29194598 5 60 theme wide 622:625 arg1 range 627:631 A wide range 620:631 A wide range 620:631 A wide range was found for the amylose (14.2% to 23.9%), calcium (216 to 599), potassium (131 to 878), and phosphorus (1337 to 2090) contents (parts per million per dry matter). 29194598 12 61 theme food 1915:1918 arg1 industry 1920:1927 food industry 1915:1927 food industry 1915:1927 Due to its low tendency to retrograde, it could be applied in food industry as an equivalent for the current starch sources. 29194598 0 62 theme dinich 115:120 arg1 Tubers 123:128 Plectranthus edulis (Oromo dinich) Tubers 88:128 Plectranthus edulis (Oromo dinich) Tubers 88:128 Composition, Granular Structure, and Pasting Properties of Native Starch Extracted from Plectranthus edulis (Oromo dinich) Tubers. 29194598 5 63 dep 2090 747:750 arg1 to 744:745 to 744:745 to 744:745 A wide range was found for the amylose (14.2% to 23.9%), calcium (216 to 599), potassium (131 to 878), and phosphorus (1337 to 2090) contents (parts per million per dry matter). 29194598 1 64 theme native 199:204 arg1 starch 206:211 native starch 199:211 native starch extracted from tubers of Plectranthus edulis 199:256 Chemical composition, granular morphology and pasting properties of native starch extracted from tubers of Plectranthus edulis were analyzed. 29194598 7 65 theme Major 915:919 arg1 differences 921:931 Major differences 915:931 Major differences 915:931 Major differences were found for the pasting with peak viscosities differing from 3184 to 7312 mPa⋅s. Starch from accessions Chencha and Inuka showed a difference in packing density as clearly seen through cryo-SEM image at 75% of the peak viscosity (PV), and the granular integrity was mainly responsible for the significant difference in their PV and breakdown. 29194598 8 66 theme component 1289:1297 arg1 analysis 1299:1306 Principal component analysis 1279:1306 Principal component analysis 1279:1306 Principal component analysis revealed 2 distinct groups: native starch extracted from accessions at the Wolayta zone (Inuka, Lofua, and Chenqoua) and other accessions (Jarmet, Arjo white, and Chencha). 29194598 7 67 theme granular 1179:1186 arg1 integrity 1188:1196 the granular integrity 1175:1196 the granular integrity 1175:1196 Major differences were found for the pasting with peak viscosities differing from 3184 to 7312 mPa⋅s. Starch from accessions Chencha and Inuka showed a difference in packing density as clearly seen through cryo-SEM image at 75% of the peak viscosity (PV), and the granular integrity was mainly responsible for the significant difference in their PV and breakdown. 29194598 7 67 theme granular 1179:1186 arg1 responsible 1209:1219 responsible 1209:1219 responsible 1209:1219 Major differences were found for the pasting with peak viscosities differing from 3184 to 7312 mPa⋅s. Starch from accessions Chencha and Inuka showed a difference in packing density as clearly seen through cryo-SEM image at 75% of the peak viscosity (PV), and the granular integrity was mainly responsible for the significant difference in their PV and breakdown. 29194598 12 68 theme low 1864:1866 arg1 tendency 1868:1875 its low tendency 1860:1875 its low tendency to retrograde 1860:1889 Due to its low tendency to retrograde, it could be applied in food industry as an equivalent for the current starch sources. 29194598 13 69 theme refrigerated 2054:2065 arg1 foods 2067:2071 refrigerated foods 2054:2071 refrigerated foods 2054:2071 Moreover, the low amylose content makes it preferable for an application in refrigerated foods as this unique quality trait prevents syneresis in end products during storage. 29194598 7 70 from difference 1067:1076 arg1 density 1089:1095 packing density 1081:1095 packing density 1081:1095 Major differences were found for the pasting with peak viscosities differing from 3184 to 7312 mPa⋅s. Starch from accessions Chencha and Inuka showed a difference in packing density as clearly seen through cryo-SEM image at 75% of the peak viscosity (PV), and the granular integrity was mainly responsible for the significant difference in their PV and breakdown. 29194598 0 71 theme Native 59:64 arg1 Starch 66:71 Native Starch 59:71 Native Starch 59:71 Composition, Granular Structure, and Pasting Properties of Native Starch Extracted from Plectranthus edulis (Oromo dinich) Tubers. 29194598 8 72 dep accessions 1365:1374 arg1 Lofua 1404:1408 Lofua 1404:1408 Lofua 1404:1408 Principal component analysis revealed 2 distinct groups: native starch extracted from accessions at the Wolayta zone (Inuka, Lofua, and Chenqoua) and other accessions (Jarmet, Arjo white, and Chencha). 29194598 8 72 dep accessions 1365:1374 arg1 Chenqoua 1415:1422 Chenqoua 1415:1422 Chenqoua 1415:1422 Principal component analysis revealed 2 distinct groups: native starch extracted from accessions at the Wolayta zone (Inuka, Lofua, and Chenqoua) and other accessions (Jarmet, Arjo white, and Chencha). 29194598 8 72 dep accessions 1365:1374 arg1 accessions 1365:1374 accessions 1365:1374 accessions at the Wolayta zone (Inuka, Lofua, and Chenqoua) 1365:1423 Principal component analysis revealed 2 distinct groups: native starch extracted from accessions at the Wolayta zone (Inuka, Lofua, and Chenqoua) and other accessions (Jarmet, Arjo white, and Chencha). 29194598 11 73 theme considerable 1770:1781 arg1 amounts 1783:1789 considerable amounts 1770:1789 considerable amounts 1770:1789 PRACTICAL APPLICATION Plectranthus edulis is cultivated in considerable amounts throughout Ethiopia, which makes it a valuable starch source. 29194598 14 74 theme pasteurized 2333:2343 arg1 foods 2345:2349 pasteurized foods 2333:2349 pasteurized foods 2333:2349 Based on the significantly higher pasting temperature of the studied P. edulis starch extracts, it can form an alternative for potato starch, which is less suitable for its use in pasteurized foods. 29194598 9 75 theme edulis 1520:1525 arg1 starch 1527:1532 P. edulis starch 1517:1532 P. edulis starch 1517:1532 The study revealed the potential of P. edulis starch for its application in food industries. 29194598 8 76 theme distinct 1319:1326 arg1 groups 1328:1333 2 distinct groups 1317:1333 2 distinct groups: native starch extracted from accessions at the Wolayta zone (Inuka, Lofua, and Chenqoua) and other accessions (Jarmet, Arjo white, and Chencha) 1317:1478 Principal component analysis revealed 2 distinct groups: native starch extracted from accessions at the Wolayta zone (Inuka, Lofua, and Chenqoua) and other accessions (Jarmet, Arjo white, and Chencha). 29194598 5 77 theme % 664:664 arg1 amylose 651:657 the amylose 647:657 the amylose (14.2% to 23.9%) 647:674 A wide range was found for the amylose (14.2% to 23.9%), calcium (216 to 599), potassium (131 to 878), and phosphorus (1337 to 2090) contents (parts per million per dry matter). 29194598 5 77 theme % 664:664 arg1 % 673:673 14.2% to 23.9% 660:673 14.2% to 23.9% 660:673 A wide range was found for the amylose (14.2% to 23.9%), calcium (216 to 599), potassium (131 to 878), and phosphorus (1337 to 2090) contents (parts per million per dry matter). 29194598 7 78 from difference 1241:1250 arg1 breakdown 1268:1276 breakdown 1268:1276 breakdown 1268:1276 Major differences were found for the pasting with peak viscosities differing from 3184 to 7312 mPa⋅s. Starch from accessions Chencha and Inuka showed a difference in packing density as clearly seen through cryo-SEM image at 75% of the peak viscosity (PV), and the granular integrity was mainly responsible for the significant difference in their PV and breakdown. 29194598 7 78 from difference 1241:1250 arg1 PV 1261:1262 their PV 1255:1262 their PV 1255:1262 Major differences were found for the pasting with peak viscosities differing from 3184 to 7312 mPa⋅s. Starch from accessions Chencha and Inuka showed a difference in packing density as clearly seen through cryo-SEM image at 75% of the peak viscosity (PV), and the granular integrity was mainly responsible for the significant difference in their PV and breakdown. 29194598 0 79 theme Plectranthus 88:99 arg1 Tubers 123:128 Plectranthus edulis (Oromo dinich) Tubers 88:128 Plectranthus edulis (Oromo dinich) Tubers 88:128 Composition, Granular Structure, and Pasting Properties of Native Starch Extracted from Plectranthus edulis (Oromo dinich) Tubers. 29194598 5 80 theme calcium 677:683 arg1 amylose 651:657 the amylose 647:657 the amylose (14.2% to 23.9%) 647:674 A wide range was found for the amylose (14.2% to 23.9%), calcium (216 to 599), potassium (131 to 878), and phosphorus (1337 to 2090) contents (parts per million per dry matter). 29194598 5 80 theme calcium 677:683 arg1 contents 753:760 calcium (216 to 599), potassium (131 to 878), and phosphorus (1337 to 2090) contents 677:760 calcium (216 to 599), potassium (131 to 878), and phosphorus (1337 to 2090) contents (parts per million per dry matter) 677:795 A wide range was found for the amylose (14.2% to 23.9%), calcium (216 to 599), potassium (131 to 878), and phosphorus (1337 to 2090) contents (parts per million per dry matter). 29194598 7 81 theme viscosity 1155:1163 arg1 % 1141:1141 75% 1139:1141 75% of the peak viscosity (PV) 1139:1168 Major differences were found for the pasting with peak viscosities differing from 3184 to 7312 mPa⋅s. Starch from accessions Chencha and Inuka showed a difference in packing density as clearly seen through cryo-SEM image at 75% of the peak viscosity (PV), and the granular integrity was mainly responsible for the significant difference in their PV and breakdown. 29194598 7 81 theme viscosity 1155:1163 arg1 PV 1166:1167 PV 1166:1167 PV 1166:1167 Major differences were found for the pasting with peak viscosities differing from 3184 to 7312 mPa⋅s. Starch from accessions Chencha and Inuka showed a difference in packing density as clearly seen through cryo-SEM image at 75% of the peak viscosity (PV), and the granular integrity was mainly responsible for the significant difference in their PV and breakdown. 29194598 7 81 theme viscosity 1155:1163 arg1 viscosity 1155:1163 the peak viscosity 1146:1163 the peak viscosity (PV) 1146:1168 Major differences were found for the pasting with peak viscosities differing from 3184 to 7312 mPa⋅s. Starch from accessions Chencha and Inuka showed a difference in packing density as clearly seen through cryo-SEM image at 75% of the peak viscosity (PV), and the granular integrity was mainly responsible for the significant difference in their PV and breakdown. 29194598 9 82 theme food 1557:1560 arg1 industries 1562:1571 food industries 1557:1571 food industries 1557:1571 The study revealed the potential of P. edulis starch for its application in food industries. 29194598 3 83 theme electron 415:422 arg1 microscope 424:433 cryo-scanning electron microscope 401:433 cryo-scanning electron microscope (cryo-SEM) imaging 401:452 Particle size analysis (PSA) and cryo-scanning electron microscope (cryo-SEM) imaging were used to examine the granular morphology and visualize the starch paste, respectively. 29194598 3 83 theme electron 415:422 arg1 cryo-SEM 436:443 cryo-SEM 436:443 cryo-SEM 436:443 Particle size analysis (PSA) and cryo-scanning electron microscope (cryo-SEM) imaging were used to examine the granular morphology and visualize the starch paste, respectively. 29194598 13 84 theme amylose 1996:2002 arg1 content 2004:2010 the low amylose content 1988:2010 the low amylose content 1988:2010 Moreover, the low amylose content makes it preferable for an application in refrigerated foods as this unique quality trait prevents syneresis in end products during storage. 29194598 3 85 theme Particle 368:375 arg1 PSA 392:394 PSA 392:394 PSA 392:394 Particle size analysis (PSA) and cryo-scanning electron microscope (cryo-SEM) imaging were used to examine the granular morphology and visualize the starch paste, respectively. 29194598 3 85 theme Particle 368:375 arg1 analysis 382:389 Particle size analysis 368:389 Particle size analysis (PSA) 368:395 Particle size analysis (PSA) and cryo-scanning electron microscope (cryo-SEM) imaging were used to examine the granular morphology and visualize the starch paste, respectively. 29194598 8 86 theme Wolayta 1383:1389 arg1 zone 1391:1394 the Wolayta zone 1379:1394 the Wolayta zone 1379:1394 Principal component analysis revealed 2 distinct groups: native starch extracted from accessions at the Wolayta zone (Inuka, Lofua, and Chenqoua) and other accessions (Jarmet, Arjo white, and Chencha). 29194598 11 87 theme Plectranthus 1733:1744 arg1 edulis 1746:1751 PRACTICAL APPLICATION Plectranthus edulis 1711:1751 PRACTICAL APPLICATION Plectranthus edulis 1711:1751 PRACTICAL APPLICATION Plectranthus edulis is cultivated in considerable amounts throughout Ethiopia, which makes it a valuable starch source. 29194598 13 88 theme unique 2081:2086 arg1 trait 2096:2100 this unique quality trait 2076:2100 this unique quality trait 2076:2100 Moreover, the low amylose content makes it preferable for an application in refrigerated foods as this unique quality trait prevents syneresis in end products during storage. 29194598 10 89 from variation 1596:1604 arg1 properties 1657:1666 physicochemical properties 1641:1666 physicochemical properties of the starch 1641:1680 However, the inherent variation due to environmental conditions on physicochemical properties of the starch needs further investigation. 29194598 10 90 theme environmental 1613:1625 arg1 conditions 1627:1636 environmental conditions 1613:1636 environmental conditions 1613:1636 However, the inherent variation due to environmental conditions on physicochemical properties of the starch needs further investigation. 29194598 3 91 used used 459:462 arg2 PSA 392:394 PSA 392:394 PSA 392:394 Particle size analysis (PSA) and cryo-scanning electron microscope (cryo-SEM) imaging were used to examine the granular morphology and visualize the starch paste, respectively. 29194598 3 91 used used 459:462 arg2 imaging 446:452 cryo-scanning electron microscope (cryo-SEM) imaging 401:452 cryo-scanning electron microscope (cryo-SEM) imaging 401:452 Particle size analysis (PSA) and cryo-scanning electron microscope (cryo-SEM) imaging were used to examine the granular morphology and visualize the starch paste, respectively. 29194598 3 91 used used 459:462 arg2 analysis 382:389 Particle size analysis 368:389 Particle size analysis (PSA) 368:395 Particle size analysis (PSA) and cryo-scanning electron microscope (cryo-SEM) imaging were used to examine the granular morphology and visualize the starch paste, respectively. 29194598 14 92 theme P. 2222:2223 arg1 extracts 2239:2246 the studied P. edulis starch extracts 2210:2246 the studied P. edulis starch extracts 2210:2246 Based on the significantly higher pasting temperature of the studied P. edulis starch extracts, it can form an alternative for potato starch, which is less suitable for its use in pasteurized foods. 29194598 11 93 theme PRACTICAL 1711:1719 arg1 APPLICATION 1721:1731 PRACTICAL APPLICATION 1711:1731 PRACTICAL APPLICATION Plectranthus edulis 1711:1751 PRACTICAL APPLICATION Plectranthus edulis is cultivated in considerable amounts throughout Ethiopia, which makes it a valuable starch source. 29194598 9 94 from application 1542:1552 arg1 industries 1562:1571 food industries 1557:1571 food industries 1557:1571 The study revealed the potential of P. edulis starch for its application in food industries. 29194598 7 95 theme cryo-SEM 1121:1128 arg1 image 1130:1134 cryo-SEM image 1121:1134 cryo-SEM image 1121:1134 Major differences were found for the pasting with peak viscosities differing from 3184 to 7312 mPa⋅s. Starch from accessions Chencha and Inuka showed a difference in packing density as clearly seen through cryo-SEM image at 75% of the peak viscosity (PV), and the granular integrity was mainly responsible for the significant difference in their PV and breakdown. 29194598 12 96 theme starch 1962:1967 arg1 sources 1969:1975 the current starch sources 1950:1975 the current starch sources 1950:1975 Due to its low tendency to retrograde, it could be applied in food industry as an equivalent for the current starch sources. 29194598 14 97 theme potato 2280:2285 arg1 starch 2287:2292 potato starch 2280:2292 potato starch 2280:2292 Based on the significantly higher pasting temperature of the studied P. edulis starch extracts, it can form an alternative for potato starch, which is less suitable for its use in pasteurized foods. 29194598 13 98 theme end 2124:2126 arg1 products 2128:2135 end products 2124:2135 end products 2124:2135 Moreover, the low amylose content makes it preferable for an application in refrigerated foods as this unique quality trait prevents syneresis in end products during storage. 29194598 4 99 theme gelation 587:594 arg1 capacity 596:603 gelation capacity 587:603 gelation capacity 587:603 Pasting properties, water absorption, and gelation capacity were compared. 29194598 13 100 from syneresis 2111:2119 arg1 products 2128:2135 end products 2124:2135 end products 2124:2135 Moreover, the low amylose content makes it preferable for an application in refrigerated foods as this unique quality trait prevents syneresis in end products during storage. 29194598 2 101 theme accessions 311:320 arg1 tubers 299:304 tubers 299:304 tubers of 6 accessions collected from 4 different areas in Ethiopia 299:365 Starch was extracted from tubers of 6 accessions collected from 4 different areas in Ethiopia. 29194598 13 102 theme quality 2088:2094 arg1 trait 2096:2100 this unique quality trait 2076:2100 this unique quality trait 2076:2100 Moreover, the low amylose content makes it preferable for an application in refrigerated foods as this unique quality trait prevents syneresis in end products during storage. 29194598 7 103 with pasting 952:958 arg1 viscosities 970:980 peak viscosities 965:980 peak viscosities differing from 3184 to 7312 mPa⋅s. Starch from accessions Chencha and Inuka showed a difference in packing density as clearly seen through cryo-SEM image at 75% of the peak viscosity (PV), and the granular integrity was mainly responsible for the significant difference in their PV and breakdown 965:1276 Major differences were found for the pasting with peak viscosities differing from 3184 to 7312 mPa⋅s. Starch from accessions Chencha and Inuka showed a difference in packing density as clearly seen through cryo-SEM image at 75% of the peak viscosity (PV), and the granular integrity was mainly responsible for the significant difference in their PV and breakdown. 29194598 14 104 theme higher 2180:2185 arg1 temperature 2195:2205 the significantly higher pasting temperature 2162:2205 the significantly higher pasting temperature of the studied P. edulis starch extracts 2162:2246 Based on the significantly higher pasting temperature of the studied P. edulis starch extracts, it can form an alternative for potato starch, which is less suitable for its use in pasteurized foods. 29194598 13 105 dep prevents 2102:2109 arg1 preferable 2021:2030 preferable 2021:2030 preferable 2021:2030 Moreover, the low amylose content makes it preferable for an application in refrigerated foods as this unique quality trait prevents syneresis in end products during storage. 28322960 8 0 theme casting 1056:1062 arg1 technique 1064:1072 solution casting technique 1047:1072 solution casting technique 1047:1072 The enzyme-treated NR/SRC (ETNR/SRC) films having different blend compositions were fabricated by solution casting technique. 28322960 9 1 theme highest 1079:1085 arg1 amount 1087:1092 The highest amount 1075:1092 The highest amount of the SRC to gain an easy to handle ETNR/SRC film 1075:1143 The highest amount of the SRC to gain an easy to handle ETNR/SRC film was 30%. 28322960 9 1 theme highest 1079:1085 arg1 SRC 1101:1103 the SRC 1097:1103 the SRC 1097:1103 The highest amount of the SRC to gain an easy to handle ETNR/SRC film was 30%. 28322960 9 1 theme highest 1079:1085 arg1 % 1151:1151 30% 1149:1151 30% 1149:1151 The highest amount of the SRC to gain an easy to handle ETNR/SRC film was 30%. 28322960 4 2 theme pure 520:523 arg1 film 529:532 the pure SRC film 516:532 the pure SRC film 516:532 However, the pure SRC film is generally difficult to be fabricated because of its weak structural feature. 28322960 4 2 theme pure 520:523 arg1 difficult 547:555 difficult 547:555 difficult 547:555 However, the pure SRC film is generally difficult to be fabricated because of its weak structural feature. 28322960 8 3 contain having 992:997 arg1 films 986:990 The enzyme-treated NR/SRC (ETNR/SRC) films 949:990 The enzyme-treated NR/SRC (ETNR/SRC) films having different blend compositions 949:1026 The enzyme-treated NR/SRC (ETNR/SRC) films having different blend compositions were fabricated by solution casting technique. 28322960 8 3 contain having 992:997 arg2 compositions 1015:1026 different blend compositions 999:1026 different blend compositions 999:1026 The enzyme-treated NR/SRC (ETNR/SRC) films having different blend compositions were fabricated by solution casting technique. 28322960 7 4 theme rubber 876:881 arg1 NRL 890:892 NRL 890:892 NRL 890:892 Before the film formation, protein in the natural rubber latex (NRL) was removed to avoid allergic and cytotoxic problems. 28322960 7 4 theme rubber 876:881 arg1 latex 883:887 natural rubber latex 868:887 the natural rubber latex (NRL) 864:893 Before the film formation, protein in the natural rubber latex (NRL) was removed to avoid allergic and cytotoxic problems. 28322960 3 5 theme wounds 453:458 arg1 treatment 440:448 the treatment 436:448 the treatment of wounds due to its superior skin moisturizing ability 436:504 A glue-like protein SRC found in silk cocoons is beneficial for the treatment of wounds due to its superior skin moisturizing ability. 28322960 11 6 theme care 1286:1289 arg1 dressings 1291:1299 elastic wound care dressings 1272:1299 elastic wound care dressings 1272:1299 Essential properties of the films as elastic wound care dressings were investigated and effect of the materials chemistry on the observed properties were discussed. 28322960 10 7 contain having 1177:1182 arg1 films 1171:1175 The ETNR/SRC/CTW films 1154:1175 The ETNR/SRC/CTW films having 20% SRC 1154:1190 The ETNR/SRC/CTW films having 20% SRC were fabricated and studied in comparison. 28322960 10 7 contain having 1177:1182 arg2 SRC 1188:1190 20% SRC 1184:1190 20% SRC 1184:1190 The ETNR/SRC/CTW films having 20% SRC were fabricated and studied in comparison. 28322960 3 8 theme skin 480:483 arg1 ability 498:504 its superior skin moisturizing ability 467:504 its superior skin moisturizing ability 467:504 A glue-like protein SRC found in silk cocoons is beneficial for the treatment of wounds due to its superior skin moisturizing ability. 28322960 2 9 theme silk 290:293 arg1 SRC 304:306 SRC 304:306 SRC 304:306 Elasto-gel films comprise of silk sericin (SRC), natural rubber (NR), and chitin whisker (CTW) were developed. 28322960 2 9 theme silk 290:293 arg1 sericin 295:301 silk sericin 290:301 silk sericin (SRC) 290:307 Elasto-gel films comprise of silk sericin (SRC), natural rubber (NR), and chitin whisker (CTW) were developed. 28322960 3 10 theme moisturizing 485:496 arg1 ability 498:504 its superior skin moisturizing ability 467:504 its superior skin moisturizing ability 467:504 A glue-like protein SRC found in silk cocoons is beneficial for the treatment of wounds due to its superior skin moisturizing ability. 28322960 4 11 theme SRC 525:527 arg1 film 529:532 the pure SRC film 516:532 the pure SRC film 516:532 However, the pure SRC film is generally difficult to be fabricated because of its weak structural feature. 28322960 4 11 theme SRC 525:527 arg1 difficult 547:555 difficult 547:555 difficult 547:555 However, the pure SRC film is generally difficult to be fabricated because of its weak structural feature. 28322960 11 12 theme elastic 1272:1278 arg1 dressings 1291:1299 elastic wound care dressings 1272:1299 elastic wound care dressings 1272:1299 Essential properties of the films as elastic wound care dressings were investigated and effect of the materials chemistry on the observed properties were discussed. 28322960 6 13 theme tissue 806:811 arg1 restoration 813:823 tissue restoration 806:823 tissue restoration 806:823 CTW was chosen as another component to promote ability of the films for tissue restoration. 28322960 8 14 theme enzyme-treated 953:966 arg1 films 986:990 The enzyme-treated NR/SRC (ETNR/SRC) films 949:990 The enzyme-treated NR/SRC (ETNR/SRC) films having different blend compositions 949:1026 The enzyme-treated NR/SRC (ETNR/SRC) films having different blend compositions were fabricated by solution casting technique. 28322960 7 15 theme natural 868:874 arg1 NRL 890:892 NRL 890:892 NRL 890:892 Before the film formation, protein in the natural rubber latex (NRL) was removed to avoid allergic and cytotoxic problems. 28322960 7 15 theme natural 868:874 arg1 latex 883:887 natural rubber latex 868:887 the natural rubber latex (NRL) 864:893 Before the film formation, protein in the natural rubber latex (NRL) was removed to avoid allergic and cytotoxic problems. 28322960 3 16 theme glue-like 374:382 arg1 SRC 392:394 A glue-like protein SRC 372:394 A glue-like protein SRC found in silk cocoons 372:416 A glue-like protein SRC found in silk cocoons is beneficial for the treatment of wounds due to its superior skin moisturizing ability. 28322960 3 16 theme glue-like 374:382 arg1 beneficial 421:430 beneficial 421:430 beneficial 421:430 A glue-like protein SRC found in silk cocoons is beneficial for the treatment of wounds due to its superior skin moisturizing ability. 28322960 4 17 theme weak 589:592 arg1 feature 605:611 its weak structural feature 585:611 its weak structural feature 585:611 However, the pure SRC film is generally difficult to be fabricated because of its weak structural feature. 28322960 11 18 theme wound 1280:1284 arg1 dressings 1291:1299 elastic wound care dressings 1272:1299 elastic wound care dressings 1272:1299 Essential properties of the films as elastic wound care dressings were investigated and effect of the materials chemistry on the observed properties were discussed. 28322960 11 19 theme Essential 1235:1243 arg1 properties 1245:1254 Essential properties 1235:1254 Essential properties of the films as elastic wound care dressings 1235:1299 Essential properties of the films as elastic wound care dressings were investigated and effect of the materials chemistry on the observed properties were discussed. 28322960 3 20 located found 396:400 arg2 beneficial 421:430 beneficial 421:430 beneficial 421:430 A glue-like protein SRC found in silk cocoons is beneficial for the treatment of wounds due to its superior skin moisturizing ability. 28322960 3 20 located found 396:400 arg1 cocoons 410:416 silk cocoons 405:416 silk cocoons 405:416 A glue-like protein SRC found in silk cocoons is beneficial for the treatment of wounds due to its superior skin moisturizing ability. 28322960 3 20 located found 396:400 arg2 SRC 392:394 A glue-like protein SRC 372:394 A glue-like protein SRC found in silk cocoons 372:416 A glue-like protein SRC found in silk cocoons is beneficial for the treatment of wounds due to its superior skin moisturizing ability. 28322960 3 21 theme superior 471:478 arg1 ability 498:504 its superior skin moisturizing ability 467:504 its superior skin moisturizing ability 467:504 A glue-like protein SRC found in silk cocoons is beneficial for the treatment of wounds due to its superior skin moisturizing ability. 28322960 10 22 theme ETNR/SRC/CTW 1158:1169 arg1 films 1171:1175 The ETNR/SRC/CTW films 1154:1175 The ETNR/SRC/CTW films having 20% SRC 1154:1190 The ETNR/SRC/CTW films having 20% SRC were fabricated and studied in comparison. 28322960 1 23 theme natural 177:183 arg1 resources 185:193 natural resources 177:193 natural resources 177:193 Here, we aims to demonstrate a simple concept in biomaterials design by using natural resources solely as raw materials to fabricate elastic wound care dressing. 28322960 1 23 theme natural 177:183 arg1 materials 209:217 raw materials 205:217 raw materials 205:217 Here, we aims to demonstrate a simple concept in biomaterials design by using natural resources solely as raw materials to fabricate elastic wound care dressing. 28322960 0 24 theme natural 28:34 arg1 film 43:46 Sericin-binded-deprotenized natural rubber film 0:46 Sericin-binded-deprotenized natural rubber film 0:46 Sericin-binded-deprotenized natural rubber film containing chitin whiskers as elasto-gel dressing. 28322960 6 25 theme films 796:800 arg1 ability 781:787 ability 781:787 ability of the films for tissue restoration 781:823 CTW was chosen as another component to promote ability of the films for tissue restoration. 28322960 2 26 dep films 272:276 arg1 comprise 278:285 comprise 278:285 comprise of silk sericin (SRC), natural rubber (NR), and chitin whisker (CTW) 278:354 Elasto-gel films comprise of silk sericin (SRC), natural rubber (NR), and chitin whisker (CTW) were developed. 28322960 0 27 theme Sericin-binded-deprotenized 0:26 arg1 film 43:46 Sericin-binded-deprotenized natural rubber film 0:46 Sericin-binded-deprotenized natural rubber film 0:46 Sericin-binded-deprotenized natural rubber film containing chitin whiskers as elasto-gel dressing. 28322960 8 28 theme NR/SRC 968:973 arg1 films 986:990 The enzyme-treated NR/SRC (ETNR/SRC) films 949:990 The enzyme-treated NR/SRC (ETNR/SRC) films having different blend compositions 949:1026 The enzyme-treated NR/SRC (ETNR/SRC) films having different blend compositions were fabricated by solution casting technique. 28322960 11 29 theme materials 1337:1345 arg1 chemistry 1347:1355 the materials chemistry 1333:1355 the materials chemistry 1333:1355 Essential properties of the films as elastic wound care dressings were investigated and effect of the materials chemistry on the observed properties were discussed. 28322960 3 30 theme protein 384:390 arg1 SRC 392:394 A glue-like protein SRC 372:394 A glue-like protein SRC found in silk cocoons 372:416 A glue-like protein SRC found in silk cocoons is beneficial for the treatment of wounds due to its superior skin moisturizing ability. 28322960 3 30 theme protein 384:390 arg1 beneficial 421:430 beneficial 421:430 beneficial 421:430 A glue-like protein SRC found in silk cocoons is beneficial for the treatment of wounds due to its superior skin moisturizing ability. 28322960 9 31 theme SRC 1101:1103 arg1 amount 1087:1092 The highest amount 1075:1092 The highest amount of the SRC to gain an easy to handle ETNR/SRC film 1075:1143 The highest amount of the SRC to gain an easy to handle ETNR/SRC film was 30%. 28322960 9 31 theme SRC 1101:1103 arg1 SRC 1101:1103 the SRC 1097:1103 the SRC 1097:1103 The highest amount of the SRC to gain an easy to handle ETNR/SRC film was 30%. 28322960 9 31 theme SRC 1101:1103 arg1 % 1151:1151 30% 1149:1151 30% 1149:1151 The highest amount of the SRC to gain an easy to handle ETNR/SRC film was 30%. 28322960 11 32 theme chemistry 1347:1355 arg1 effect 1323:1328 effect 1323:1328 effect of the materials chemistry on the observed properties 1323:1382 Essential properties of the films as elastic wound care dressings were investigated and effect of the materials chemistry on the observed properties were discussed. 28322960 0 33 theme rubber 36:41 arg1 film 43:46 Sericin-binded-deprotenized natural rubber film 0:46 Sericin-binded-deprotenized natural rubber film 0:46 Sericin-binded-deprotenized natural rubber film containing chitin whiskers as elasto-gel dressing. 28322960 8 34 theme ETNR/SRC 976:983 arg1 films 986:990 The enzyme-treated NR/SRC (ETNR/SRC) films 949:990 The enzyme-treated NR/SRC (ETNR/SRC) films having different blend compositions 949:1026 The enzyme-treated NR/SRC (ETNR/SRC) films having different blend compositions were fabricated by solution casting technique. 28322960 10 35 theme 20 1184:1185 arg1 % 1186:1186 % 1186:1186 % 1186:1186 The ETNR/SRC/CTW films having 20% SRC were fabricated and studied in comparison. 28322960 10 36 theme % 1186:1186 arg1 SRC 1188:1190 20% SRC 1184:1190 20% SRC 1184:1190 The ETNR/SRC/CTW films having 20% SRC were fabricated and studied in comparison. 28322960 1 37 theme raw 205:207 arg1 resources 185:193 natural resources 177:193 natural resources 177:193 Here, we aims to demonstrate a simple concept in biomaterials design by using natural resources solely as raw materials to fabricate elastic wound care dressing. 28322960 1 37 theme raw 205:207 arg1 materials 209:217 raw materials 205:217 raw materials 205:217 Here, we aims to demonstrate a simple concept in biomaterials design by using natural resources solely as raw materials to fabricate elastic wound care dressing. 28322960 0 38 theme chitin 59:64 arg1 whiskers 66:73 chitin whiskers 59:73 chitin whiskers 59:73 Sericin-binded-deprotenized natural rubber film containing chitin whiskers as elasto-gel dressing. 28322960 7 39 from protein 853:859 arg1 NRL 890:892 NRL 890:892 NRL 890:892 Before the film formation, protein in the natural rubber latex (NRL) was removed to avoid allergic and cytotoxic problems. 28322960 7 39 from protein 853:859 arg1 latex 883:887 natural rubber latex 868:887 the natural rubber latex (NRL) 864:893 Before the film formation, protein in the natural rubber latex (NRL) was removed to avoid allergic and cytotoxic problems. 28322960 4 40 theme structural 594:603 arg1 feature 605:611 its weak structural feature 585:611 its weak structural feature 585:611 However, the pure SRC film is generally difficult to be fabricated because of its weak structural feature. 28322960 8 41 theme solution 1047:1054 arg1 technique 1064:1072 solution casting technique 1047:1072 solution casting technique 1047:1072 The enzyme-treated NR/SRC (ETNR/SRC) films having different blend compositions were fabricated by solution casting technique. 28322960 3 42 theme silk 405:408 arg1 cocoons 410:416 silk cocoons 405:416 silk cocoons 405:416 A glue-like protein SRC found in silk cocoons is beneficial for the treatment of wounds due to its superior skin moisturizing ability. 28322960 8 43 theme blend 1009:1013 arg1 compositions 1015:1026 different blend compositions 999:1026 different blend compositions 999:1026 The enzyme-treated NR/SRC (ETNR/SRC) films having different blend compositions were fabricated by solution casting technique. 28322960 7 44 theme allergic 916:923 arg1 problems 939:946 allergic and cytotoxic problems 916:946 allergic and cytotoxic problems 916:946 Before the film formation, protein in the natural rubber latex (NRL) was removed to avoid allergic and cytotoxic problems. 28322960 5 45 theme films 727:731 arg1 strength 711:718 strength 711:718 strength 711:718 This limitation was overcome by using NR as a binder which consecutively rendered elasticity and strength of the films. 28322960 5 45 theme films 727:731 arg1 elasticity 696:705 elasticity 696:705 elasticity 696:705 This limitation was overcome by using NR as a binder which consecutively rendered elasticity and strength of the films. 28322960 8 46 theme different 999:1007 arg1 compositions 1015:1026 different blend compositions 999:1026 different blend compositions 999:1026 The enzyme-treated NR/SRC (ETNR/SRC) films having different blend compositions were fabricated by solution casting technique. 28322960 9 47 theme ETNR/SRC 1131:1138 arg1 film 1140:1143 an easy to handle ETNR/SRC film 1113:1143 an easy to handle ETNR/SRC film 1113:1143 The highest amount of the SRC to gain an easy to handle ETNR/SRC film was 30%. 28322960 11 48 theme observed 1364:1371 arg1 properties 1373:1382 the observed properties 1360:1382 the observed properties 1360:1382 Essential properties of the films as elastic wound care dressings were investigated and effect of the materials chemistry on the observed properties were discussed. 28322960 9 49 theme easy 1116:1119 arg1 film 1140:1143 an easy to handle ETNR/SRC film 1113:1143 an easy to handle ETNR/SRC film 1113:1143 The highest amount of the SRC to gain an easy to handle ETNR/SRC film was 30%. 28322960 1 50 theme simple 130:135 arg1 concept 137:143 a simple concept 128:143 a simple concept 128:143 Here, we aims to demonstrate a simple concept in biomaterials design by using natural resources solely as raw materials to fabricate elastic wound care dressing. 28322960 7 51 theme film 837:840 arg1 formation 842:850 the film formation 833:850 the film formation 833:850 Before the film formation, protein in the natural rubber latex (NRL) was removed to avoid allergic and cytotoxic problems. 28322960 7 52 theme cytotoxic 929:937 arg1 problems 939:946 allergic and cytotoxic problems 916:946 allergic and cytotoxic problems 916:946 Before the film formation, protein in the natural rubber latex (NRL) was removed to avoid allergic and cytotoxic problems. 28322960 2 53 theme Elasto-gel 261:270 arg1 films 272:276 Elasto-gel films 261:276 Elasto-gel films comprise of silk sericin (SRC), natural rubber (NR), and chitin whisker (CTW) 261:354 Elasto-gel films comprise of silk sericin (SRC), natural rubber (NR), and chitin whisker (CTW) were developed. 28322960 2 54 theme natural 310:316 arg1 NR 326:327 NR 326:327 NR 326:327 Elasto-gel films comprise of silk sericin (SRC), natural rubber (NR), and chitin whisker (CTW) were developed. 28322960 2 54 theme natural 310:316 arg1 rubber 318:323 natural rubber 310:323 natural rubber (NR) 310:328 Elasto-gel films comprise of silk sericin (SRC), natural rubber (NR), and chitin whisker (CTW) were developed. 28322960 1 55 theme elastic 232:238 arg1 dressing 251:258 elastic wound care dressing 232:258 elastic wound care dressing 232:258 Here, we aims to demonstrate a simple concept in biomaterials design by using natural resources solely as raw materials to fabricate elastic wound care dressing. 28322960 11 56 theme films 1263:1267 arg1 properties 1245:1254 Essential properties 1235:1254 Essential properties of the films as elastic wound care dressings 1235:1299 Essential properties of the films as elastic wound care dressings were investigated and effect of the materials chemistry on the observed properties were discussed. 28322960 2 57 theme chitin 335:340 arg1 CTW 351:353 CTW 351:353 CTW 351:353 Elasto-gel films comprise of silk sericin (SRC), natural rubber (NR), and chitin whisker (CTW) were developed. 28322960 2 57 theme chitin 335:340 arg1 whisker 342:348 chitin whisker 335:348 chitin whisker (CTW) 335:354 Elasto-gel films comprise of silk sericin (SRC), natural rubber (NR), and chitin whisker (CTW) were developed. 28322960 1 58 theme wound 240:244 arg1 dressing 251:258 elastic wound care dressing 232:258 elastic wound care dressing 232:258 Here, we aims to demonstrate a simple concept in biomaterials design by using natural resources solely as raw materials to fabricate elastic wound care dressing. 28322960 0 59 theme elasto-gel 78:87 arg1 dressing 89:96 elasto-gel dressing 78:96 elasto-gel dressing 78:96 Sericin-binded-deprotenized natural rubber film containing chitin whiskers as elasto-gel dressing. 28322960 11 60 from effect 1323:1328 arg1 properties 1373:1382 the observed properties 1360:1382 the observed properties 1360:1382 Essential properties of the films as elastic wound care dressings were investigated and effect of the materials chemistry on the observed properties were discussed. 28322960 1 61 theme biomaterials 148:159 arg1 design 161:166 biomaterials design 148:166 biomaterials design 148:166 Here, we aims to demonstrate a simple concept in biomaterials design by using natural resources solely as raw materials to fabricate elastic wound care dressing. 28322960 1 62 theme care 246:249 arg1 dressing 251:258 elastic wound care dressing 232:258 elastic wound care dressing 232:258 Here, we aims to demonstrate a simple concept in biomaterials design by using natural resources solely as raw materials to fabricate elastic wound care dressing. 26117768 9 0 theme physiological 989:1001 arg1 solution 1003:1010 a physiological solution 987:1010 a physiological solution 987:1010 After 28 days of incubation in a physiological solution, the scaffolds were degraded by approximately 30%. 26117768 6 1 dep rate 615:618 arg1 The 596:598 The 596:598 The 596:598 The biodegradation rate and structural properties of the scaffolds were investigated. 26117768 1 2 theme scaffolds 167:175 arg1 fabrication 139:149 the fabrication 135:149 the fabrication of biocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering 135:203 Squid pen chitosan was used in the fabrication of biocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 26117768 5 3 dep 20/10/70 548:555 arg1 % 490:490 % 490:490 % 490:490 %) ratios of the ceramic components in the composite were 20/10/70, 30/20/50 and 40/30/30 (HA/β-TCP/Chi). 26117768 7 4 theme microscopy 700:709 arg1 results 734:740 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microCT(μCT) results 682:740 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microCT(μCT) results 682:740 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microCT(μCT) results indicated that the composites have a well defined lamellar structure with an average pore size of 200 μm. 26117768 7 5 theme average 819:825 arg1 size 832:835 an average pore size 816:835 an average pore size of 200 μm 816:845 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microCT(μCT) results indicated that the composites have a well defined lamellar structure with an average pore size of 200 μm. 26117768 8 6 dep 70 951:952 arg1 to 948:949 to 948:949 to 948:949 The porosity of the composites decreased from 88 to 56% by increasing the ratio of HA/β-TCP from 30 to 70%. 26117768 7 7 theme pore 827:830 arg1 size 832:835 an average pore size 816:835 an average pore size of 200 μm 816:845 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microCT(μCT) results indicated that the composites have a well defined lamellar structure with an average pore size of 200 μm. 26117768 7 8 theme Scanning 682:689 arg1 microscopy 700:709 Scanning electron microscopy 682:709 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 682:715 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microCT(μCT) results indicated that the composites have a well defined lamellar structure with an average pore size of 200 μm. 26117768 7 8 theme Scanning 682:689 arg1 SEM 712:714 SEM 712:714 SEM 712:714 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microCT(μCT) results indicated that the composites have a well defined lamellar structure with an average pore size of 200 μm. 26117768 2 9 theme calcium 315:321 arg1 phosphate 246:254 beta-tricalcium phosphate 230:254 beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) 230:262 Hydroxyapatite (HA) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) obtained from waste mussel shells were used as the calcium phosphate source. 26117768 2 9 theme calcium 315:321 arg1 source 333:338 the calcium phosphate source 311:338 the calcium phosphate source 311:338 Hydroxyapatite (HA) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) obtained from waste mussel shells were used as the calcium phosphate source. 26117768 2 9 theme calcium 315:321 arg1 Hydroxyapatite 206:219 Hydroxyapatite 206:219 Hydroxyapatite (HA) 206:224 Hydroxyapatite (HA) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) obtained from waste mussel shells were used as the calcium phosphate source. 26117768 5 10 from composite 533:541 arg1 ratios 493:498 ratios 493:498 ratios of the ceramic components in the composite 493:541 %) ratios of the ceramic components in the composite were 20/10/70, 30/20/50 and 40/30/30 (HA/β-TCP/Chi). 26117768 2 11 theme mussel 284:289 arg1 shells 291:296 waste mussel shells 278:296 waste mussel shells 278:296 Hydroxyapatite (HA) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) obtained from waste mussel shells were used as the calcium phosphate source. 26117768 10 12 theme cells 1178:1182 arg1 growth 1152:1157 the growth 1148:1157 the growth of L929 and Saos-2 cells 1148:1182 In vitro investigations showed that the composites were cytocompatible and supported the growth of L929 and Saos-2 cells. 26117768 1 13 theme bone 181:184 arg1 engineering 193:203 bone tissue engineering 181:203 bone tissue engineering 181:203 Squid pen chitosan was used in the fabrication of biocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 26117768 7 14 theme electron 691:698 arg1 microscopy 700:709 Scanning electron microscopy 682:709 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 682:715 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microCT(μCT) results indicated that the composites have a well defined lamellar structure with an average pore size of 200 μm. 26117768 7 14 theme electron 691:698 arg1 SEM 712:714 SEM 712:714 SEM 712:714 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microCT(μCT) results indicated that the composites have a well defined lamellar structure with an average pore size of 200 μm. 26117768 4 15 theme weight 471:476 arg1 percent 478:484 The weight percent 467:484 The weight percent (wt 467:488 The weight percent (wt. 26117768 8 16 dep 56 900:901 arg1 to 897:898 to 897:898 to 897:898 The porosity of the composites decreased from 88 to 56% by increasing the ratio of HA/β-TCP from 30 to 70%. 26117768 2 17 theme waste 278:282 arg1 shells 291:296 waste mussel shells 278:296 waste mussel shells 278:296 Hydroxyapatite (HA) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) obtained from waste mussel shells were used as the calcium phosphate source. 26117768 7 18 theme lamellar 792:799 arg1 structure 801:809 a well defined lamellar structure 777:809 a well defined lamellar structure with an average pore size of 200 μm 777:845 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microCT(μCT) results indicated that the composites have a well defined lamellar structure with an average pore size of 200 μm. 26117768 1 19 theme tissue 186:191 arg1 engineering 193:203 bone tissue engineering 181:203 bone tissue engineering 181:203 Squid pen chitosan was used in the fabrication of biocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 26117768 0 20 theme novel 2:6 arg1 composite 65:73 A novel squid pen chitosan/hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate composite 0:73 A novel squid pen chitosan/hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate composite for bone tissue engineering. 0:102 A novel squid pen chitosan/hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate composite for bone tissue engineering. 26117768 11 21 theme bone 1280:1283 arg1 regeneration 1285:1296 bone regeneration 1280:1296 bone regeneration 1280:1296 The obtained data suggests that the squid pen chitosan composites are potential candidates for bone regeneration. 26117768 1 22 theme Squid 104:108 arg1 chitosan 114:121 Squid pen chitosan 104:121 Squid pen chitosan 104:121 Squid pen chitosan was used in the fabrication of biocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 26117768 6 23 theme scaffolds 653:661 arg1 rate 615:618 biodegradation rate 600:618 biodegradation rate 600:618 The biodegradation rate and structural properties of the scaffolds were investigated. 26117768 6 23 theme scaffolds 653:661 arg1 properties 635:644 structural properties 624:644 structural properties 624:644 The biodegradation rate and structural properties of the scaffolds were investigated. 26117768 3 24 theme % 407:407 arg1 glycerol 409:416 1% glycerol 406:416 1% glycerol 406:416 The composite was prepared using 2.5% tripolyphosphate (TPP) and 1% glycerol as a cross-linker and plasticizer, respectively. 26117768 11 25 theme pen 1227:1229 arg1 composites 1240:1249 the squid pen chitosan composites 1217:1249 the squid pen chitosan composites 1217:1249 The obtained data suggests that the squid pen chitosan composites are potential candidates for bone regeneration. 26117768 11 25 theme pen 1227:1229 arg1 candidates 1265:1274 potential candidates 1255:1274 potential candidates for bone regeneration 1255:1296 The obtained data suggests that the squid pen chitosan composites are potential candidates for bone regeneration. 26117768 9 26 theme incubation 973:982 arg1 days 965:968 28 days 962:968 28 days of incubation in a physiological solution 962:1010 After 28 days of incubation in a physiological solution, the scaffolds were degraded by approximately 30%. 26117768 8 27 theme HA/β-TCP 931:938 arg1 ratio 922:926 the ratio 918:926 the ratio of HA/β-TCP 918:938 The porosity of the composites decreased from 88 to 56% by increasing the ratio of HA/β-TCP from 30 to 70%. 26117768 1 28 theme pen 110:112 arg1 chitosan 114:121 Squid pen chitosan 104:121 Squid pen chitosan 104:121 Squid pen chitosan was used in the fabrication of biocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 26117768 3 29 theme 2.5 374:376 arg1 % 377:377 % 377:377 % 377:377 The composite was prepared using 2.5% tripolyphosphate (TPP) and 1% glycerol as a cross-linker and plasticizer, respectively. 26117768 5 30 from ratios 493:498 arg1 composite 533:541 the composite 529:541 the composite 529:541 %) ratios of the ceramic components in the composite were 20/10/70, 30/20/50 and 40/30/30 (HA/β-TCP/Chi). 26117768 7 31 theme defined 784:790 arg1 structure 801:809 a well defined lamellar structure 777:809 a well defined lamellar structure with an average pore size of 200 μm 777:845 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microCT(μCT) results indicated that the composites have a well defined lamellar structure with an average pore size of 200 μm. 26117768 5 32 from components 515:524 arg1 composite 533:541 the composite 529:541 the composite 529:541 %) ratios of the ceramic components in the composite were 20/10/70, 30/20/50 and 40/30/30 (HA/β-TCP/Chi). 26117768 0 33 theme squid 8:12 arg1 composite 65:73 A novel squid pen chitosan/hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate composite 0:73 A novel squid pen chitosan/hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate composite for bone tissue engineering. 0:102 A novel squid pen chitosan/hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate composite for bone tissue engineering. 26117768 7 34 contain have 772:775 arg2 structure 801:809 a well defined lamellar structure 777:809 a well defined lamellar structure with an average pore size of 200 μm 777:845 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microCT(μCT) results indicated that the composites have a well defined lamellar structure with an average pore size of 200 μm. 26117768 7 34 contain have 772:775 arg1 composites 761:770 the composites 757:770 the composites 757:770 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microCT(μCT) results indicated that the composites have a well defined lamellar structure with an average pore size of 200 μm. 26117768 1 35 used used 127:130 arg2 chitosan 114:121 Squid pen chitosan 104:121 Squid pen chitosan 104:121 Squid pen chitosan was used in the fabrication of biocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 26117768 9 36 from incubation 973:982 arg1 solution 1003:1010 a physiological solution 987:1010 a physiological solution 987:1010 After 28 days of incubation in a physiological solution, the scaffolds were degraded by approximately 30%. 26117768 0 37 theme phosphate 55:63 arg1 composite 65:73 A novel squid pen chitosan/hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate composite 0:73 A novel squid pen chitosan/hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate composite for bone tissue engineering. 0:102 A novel squid pen chitosan/hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate composite for bone tissue engineering. 26117768 9 38 from solution 1003:1010 arg1 days 965:968 28 days 962:968 28 days of incubation in a physiological solution 962:1010 After 28 days of incubation in a physiological solution, the scaffolds were degraded by approximately 30%. 26117768 6 39 theme structural 624:633 arg1 properties 635:644 structural properties 624:644 structural properties 624:644 The biodegradation rate and structural properties of the scaffolds were investigated. 26117768 0 40 theme chitosan/hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium 18:53 arg1 composite 65:73 A novel squid pen chitosan/hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate composite 0:73 A novel squid pen chitosan/hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate composite for bone tissue engineering. 0:102 A novel squid pen chitosan/hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate composite for bone tissue engineering. 26117768 3 41 theme 1 406:406 arg1 % 407:407 % 407:407 % 407:407 The composite was prepared using 2.5% tripolyphosphate (TPP) and 1% glycerol as a cross-linker and plasticizer, respectively. 26117768 0 42 theme pen 14:16 arg1 composite 65:73 A novel squid pen chitosan/hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate composite 0:73 A novel squid pen chitosan/hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate composite for bone tissue engineering. 0:102 A novel squid pen chitosan/hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate composite for bone tissue engineering. 26117768 10 43 theme Saos-2 1171:1176 arg1 cells 1178:1182 L929 and Saos-2 cells 1162:1182 cells 1178:1182 In vitro investigations showed that the composites were cytocompatible and supported the growth of L929 and Saos-2 cells. 26117768 11 44 theme chitosan 1231:1238 arg1 composites 1240:1249 the squid pen chitosan composites 1217:1249 the squid pen chitosan composites 1217:1249 The obtained data suggests that the squid pen chitosan composites are potential candidates for bone regeneration. 26117768 11 44 theme chitosan 1231:1238 arg1 candidates 1265:1274 potential candidates 1255:1274 potential candidates for bone regeneration 1255:1296 The obtained data suggests that the squid pen chitosan composites are potential candidates for bone regeneration. 26117768 2 45 theme beta-tricalcium 230:244 arg1 phosphate 246:254 beta-tricalcium phosphate 230:254 beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) 230:262 Hydroxyapatite (HA) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) obtained from waste mussel shells were used as the calcium phosphate source. 26117768 2 45 theme beta-tricalcium 230:244 arg1 Hydroxyapatite 206:219 Hydroxyapatite 206:219 Hydroxyapatite (HA) 206:224 Hydroxyapatite (HA) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) obtained from waste mussel shells were used as the calcium phosphate source. 26117768 2 45 theme beta-tricalcium 230:244 arg1 source 333:338 the calcium phosphate source 311:338 the calcium phosphate source 311:338 Hydroxyapatite (HA) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) obtained from waste mussel shells were used as the calcium phosphate source. 26117768 2 45 theme beta-tricalcium 230:244 arg1 β-TCP 257:261 β-TCP 257:261 β-TCP 257:261 Hydroxyapatite (HA) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) obtained from waste mussel shells were used as the calcium phosphate source. 26117768 5 46 theme ceramic 507:513 arg1 components 515:524 the ceramic components 503:524 the ceramic components in the composite 503:541 %) ratios of the ceramic components in the composite were 20/10/70, 30/20/50 and 40/30/30 (HA/β-TCP/Chi). 26117768 10 47 dep In 1063:1064 arg1 vitro 1066:1070 vitro 1066:1070 vitro 1066:1070 In vitro investigations showed that the composites were cytocompatible and supported the growth of L929 and Saos-2 cells. 26117768 8 48 theme composites 868:877 arg1 porosity 852:859 The porosity 848:859 The porosity of the composites 848:877 The porosity of the composites decreased from 88 to 56% by increasing the ratio of HA/β-TCP from 30 to 70%. 26117768 5 49 theme components 515:524 arg1 ratios 493:498 ratios 493:498 ratios of the ceramic components in the composite 493:541 %) ratios of the ceramic components in the composite were 20/10/70, 30/20/50 and 40/30/30 (HA/β-TCP/Chi). 26117768 11 50 theme obtained 1189:1196 arg1 data 1198:1201 The obtained data 1185:1201 The obtained data 1185:1201 The obtained data suggests that the squid pen chitosan composites are potential candidates for bone regeneration. 26117768 2 51 used used 303:306 arg2 β-TCP 257:261 β-TCP 257:261 β-TCP 257:261 Hydroxyapatite (HA) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) obtained from waste mussel shells were used as the calcium phosphate source. 26117768 2 51 used used 303:306 arg2 HA 222:223 HA 222:223 HA 222:223 Hydroxyapatite (HA) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) obtained from waste mussel shells were used as the calcium phosphate source. 26117768 2 51 used used 303:306 arg2 Hydroxyapatite 206:219 Hydroxyapatite 206:219 Hydroxyapatite (HA) 206:224 Hydroxyapatite (HA) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) obtained from waste mussel shells were used as the calcium phosphate source. 26117768 2 51 used used 303:306 arg2 source 333:338 the calcium phosphate source 311:338 the calcium phosphate source 311:338 Hydroxyapatite (HA) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) obtained from waste mussel shells were used as the calcium phosphate source. 26117768 2 51 used used 303:306 arg2 phosphate 246:254 beta-tricalcium phosphate 230:254 beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) 230:262 Hydroxyapatite (HA) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) obtained from waste mussel shells were used as the calcium phosphate source. 26117768 4 52 dep percent 478:484 arg1 wt 487:488 wt 487:488 The weight percent (wt 467:488 The weight percent (wt. 26117768 7 53 with structure 801:809 arg1 size 832:835 an average pore size 816:835 an average pore size of 200 μm 816:845 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microCT(μCT) results indicated that the composites have a well defined lamellar structure with an average pore size of 200 μm. 26117768 3 54 dep cross-linker 423:434 arg1 a 421:421 a 421:421 a 421:421 The composite was prepared using 2.5% tripolyphosphate (TPP) and 1% glycerol as a cross-linker and plasticizer, respectively. 26117768 11 55 theme squid 1221:1225 arg1 composites 1240:1249 the squid pen chitosan composites 1217:1249 the squid pen chitosan composites 1217:1249 The obtained data suggests that the squid pen chitosan composites are potential candidates for bone regeneration. 26117768 11 55 theme squid 1221:1225 arg1 candidates 1265:1274 potential candidates 1255:1274 potential candidates for bone regeneration 1255:1296 The obtained data suggests that the squid pen chitosan composites are potential candidates for bone regeneration. 26117768 11 56 theme potential 1255:1263 arg1 composites 1240:1249 the squid pen chitosan composites 1217:1249 the squid pen chitosan composites 1217:1249 The obtained data suggests that the squid pen chitosan composites are potential candidates for bone regeneration. 26117768 11 56 theme potential 1255:1263 arg1 candidates 1265:1274 potential candidates 1255:1274 potential candidates for bone regeneration 1255:1296 The obtained data suggests that the squid pen chitosan composites are potential candidates for bone regeneration. 26117768 2 57 theme phosphate 323:331 arg1 phosphate 246:254 beta-tricalcium phosphate 230:254 beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) 230:262 Hydroxyapatite (HA) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) obtained from waste mussel shells were used as the calcium phosphate source. 26117768 2 57 theme phosphate 323:331 arg1 source 333:338 the calcium phosphate source 311:338 the calcium phosphate source 311:338 Hydroxyapatite (HA) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) obtained from waste mussel shells were used as the calcium phosphate source. 26117768 2 57 theme phosphate 323:331 arg1 Hydroxyapatite 206:219 Hydroxyapatite 206:219 Hydroxyapatite (HA) 206:224 Hydroxyapatite (HA) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) obtained from waste mussel shells were used as the calcium phosphate source. 26117768 6 58 theme biodegradation 600:613 arg1 rate 615:618 biodegradation rate 600:618 biodegradation rate 600:618 The biodegradation rate and structural properties of the scaffolds were investigated. 26117768 7 59 theme microCT 721:727 arg1 results 734:740 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microCT(μCT) results 682:740 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microCT(μCT) results 682:740 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microCT(μCT) results indicated that the composites have a well defined lamellar structure with an average pore size of 200 μm. 26117768 0 60 theme tissue 84:89 arg1 engineering 91:101 bone tissue engineering 79:101 bone tissue engineering 79:101 A novel squid pen chitosan/hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate composite for bone tissue engineering. 26117768 9 61 from days 965:968 arg1 solution 1003:1010 a physiological solution 987:1010 a physiological solution 987:1010 After 28 days of incubation in a physiological solution, the scaffolds were degraded by approximately 30%. 26117768 7 62 theme μm 844:845 arg1 size 832:835 an average pore size 816:835 an average pore size of 200 μm 816:845 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microCT(μCT) results indicated that the composites have a well defined lamellar structure with an average pore size of 200 μm. 26117768 10 63 theme In 1063:1064 arg1 investigations 1072:1085 In vitro investigations 1063:1085 In vitro investigations 1063:1085 In vitro investigations showed that the composites were cytocompatible and supported the growth of L929 and Saos-2 cells. 26117768 0 64 theme bone 79:82 arg1 engineering 91:101 bone tissue engineering 79:101 bone tissue engineering 79:101 A novel squid pen chitosan/hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate composite for bone tissue engineering. 26117768 3 65 theme % 377:377 arg1 tripolyphosphate 379:394 2.5% tripolyphosphate 374:394 2.5% tripolyphosphate (TPP) 374:400 The composite was prepared using 2.5% tripolyphosphate (TPP) and 1% glycerol as a cross-linker and plasticizer, respectively. 26117768 3 65 theme % 377:377 arg1 TPP 397:399 TPP 397:399 TPP 397:399 The composite was prepared using 2.5% tripolyphosphate (TPP) and 1% glycerol as a cross-linker and plasticizer, respectively. 26117768 1 66 theme biocomposite 154:165 arg1 scaffolds 167:175 biocomposite scaffolds 154:175 biocomposite scaffolds 154:175 Squid pen chitosan was used in the fabrication of biocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 26117768 10 67 theme L929 1162:1165 arg1 cells 1178:1182 L929 and Saos-2 cells 1162:1182 cells 1178:1182 In vitro investigations showed that the composites were cytocompatible and supported the growth of L929 and Saos-2 cells. 28229956 12 0 theme hydrogel 1902:1909 arg1 system 1911:1916 this hydrogel system 1897:1916 this hydrogel system 1897:1916 Therefore, this hydrogel system was co-printed with PCL to generate porous or solid constructs with different mesh sizes. 28229956 15 1 theme cartilage 2417:2425 arg1 deposition 2434:2443 optimal cartilage matrix deposition 2409:2443 optimal cartilage matrix deposition 2409:2443 These findings are relevant for future bio-ink development, as they demonstrate the importance of selecting proper HAMA concentrations, as well as appropriate print settings and construct designs for optimal cartilage matrix deposition and final mechanical properties of constructs, respectively. 28229956 10 2 theme generated 1676:1684 arg1 constructs 1695:1704 generated hydrogel constructs 1676:1704 generated hydrogel constructs 1676:1704 Young's moduli of generated hydrogel constructs ranged from 14 to 31 kPa and increased with increasing HAMA concentration. 28229956 9 3 theme HAMA-free 1542:1550 arg1 controls 1552:1559 HAMA-free controls 1542:1559 HAMA-free controls 1542:1559 Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen type II content increased with intermediate HAMA concentrations (0.25%-0.5%) compared to HAMA-free controls, while a relatively high HAMA concentration (1%) resulted in increased fibrocartilage formation. 28229956 8 4 from effect 1340:1345 arg1 synthesis 1389:1397 cartilage matrix synthesis 1372:1397 cartilage matrix synthesis by chondrocytes 1372:1413 The results of this study demonstrated a dose-dependent effect of HAMA concentration on cartilage matrix synthesis by chondrocytes. 28229956 8 5 theme concentration 1355:1367 arg1 effect 1340:1345 a dose-dependent effect 1323:1345 a dose-dependent effect of HAMA concentration on cartilage matrix synthesis by chondrocytes 1323:1413 The results of this study demonstrated a dose-dependent effect of HAMA concentration on cartilage matrix synthesis by chondrocytes. 28229956 7 6 theme internal 1199:1206 arg1 architectures 1208:1220 different internal architectures 1189:1220 different internal architectures 1189:1220 Additionally, hydrogel/PCL constructs with different internal architectures were co-printed and analyzed for their mechanical properties. 28229956 13 7 theme composite 2032:2040 arg1 constructs 2042:2051 these composite constructs 2026:2051 these composite constructs 2026:2051 Young's moduli of these composite constructs were in the range of native cartilage (3.5-4.6 MPa). 28229956 3 8 theme /polyethylene 601:613 arg1 glycol 615:620 methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol 521:620 methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) triblock copolymers 521:646 More specifically, the potential of methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) added to thermosensitive hydrogels composed of methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) triblock copolymers, to optimize cartilage-like tissue formation by embedded chondrocytes, and enhance printability was explored. 28229956 3 8 theme /polyethylene 601:613 arg1 PEG 623:625 PEG 623:625 PEG 623:625 More specifically, the potential of methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) added to thermosensitive hydrogels composed of methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) triblock copolymers, to optimize cartilage-like tissue formation by embedded chondrocytes, and enhance printability was explored. 28229956 5 9 theme w/w 954:956 arg1 % 952:952 0%-1% w/w 948:956 0%-1% w/w 948:956 Chondrocyte-laden hydrogels composed of pHPMA-lac-PEG and different concentrations of HAMA (0%-1% w/w) were cultured for 28 d in vitro and subsequently evaluated for the presence of cartilage-like matrix. 28229956 5 9 theme w/w 954:956 arg1 HAMA 942:945 HAMA 942:945 HAMA (0%-1% w/w) 942:957 Chondrocyte-laden hydrogels composed of pHPMA-lac-PEG and different concentrations of HAMA (0%-1% w/w) were cultured for 28 d in vitro and subsequently evaluated for the presence of cartilage-like matrix. 28229956 8 10 theme cartilage 1372:1380 arg1 synthesis 1389:1397 cartilage matrix synthesis 1372:1397 cartilage matrix synthesis by chondrocytes 1372:1413 The results of this study demonstrated a dose-dependent effect of HAMA concentration on cartilage matrix synthesis by chondrocytes. 28229956 11 11 with hydrogels 1799:1807 arg1 HAMA 1819:1822 0.5% HAMA 1814:1822 0.5% HAMA 1814:1822 The pHPMA-lac-PEG hydrogels with 0.5% HAMA were found to be optimal for cartilage-like tissue formation. 28229956 10 12 theme constructs 1695:1704 arg1 moduli 1666:1671 Young's moduli 1658:1671 Young's moduli of generated hydrogel constructs 1658:1704 Young's moduli of generated hydrogel constructs ranged from 14 to 31 kPa and increased with increasing HAMA concentration. 28229956 7 13 theme hydrogel/PCL 1160:1171 arg1 constructs 1173:1182 hydrogel/PCL constructs 1160:1182 hydrogel/PCL constructs with different internal architectures 1160:1220 Additionally, hydrogel/PCL constructs with different internal architectures were co-printed and analyzed for their mechanical properties. 28229956 2 14 theme tunable 334:340 arg1 architectures 351:363 tunable internal architectures 334:363 tunable internal architectures 334:363 This study aims to design and develop cartilage constructs with tunable internal architectures and relevant mechanical properties. 28229956 9 15 theme high 1581:1584 arg1 % 1607:1607 1% 1606:1607 1% 1606:1607 Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen type II content increased with intermediate HAMA concentrations (0.25%-0.5%) compared to HAMA-free controls, while a relatively high HAMA concentration (1%) resulted in increased fibrocartilage formation. 28229956 9 15 theme high 1581:1584 arg1 concentration 1591:1603 a relatively high HAMA concentration 1568:1603 a relatively high HAMA concentration (1%) 1568:1608 Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen type II content increased with intermediate HAMA concentrations (0.25%-0.5%) compared to HAMA-free controls, while a relatively high HAMA concentration (1%) resulted in increased fibrocartilage formation. 28229956 8 16 theme dose-dependent 1325:1338 arg1 effect 1340:1345 a dose-dependent effect 1323:1345 a dose-dependent effect of HAMA concentration on cartilage matrix synthesis by chondrocytes 1323:1413 The results of this study demonstrated a dose-dependent effect of HAMA concentration on cartilage matrix synthesis by chondrocytes. 28229956 3 17 theme cartilage-like 661:674 arg1 formation 683:691 cartilage-like tissue formation 661:691 cartilage-like tissue formation 661:691 More specifically, the potential of methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) added to thermosensitive hydrogels composed of methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) triblock copolymers, to optimize cartilage-like tissue formation by embedded chondrocytes, and enhance printability was explored. 28229956 1 18 theme cartilage 248:256 arg1 constructs 258:267 biomechanically relevant cartilage constructs 223:267 biomechanically relevant cartilage constructs 223:267 Fine-tuning of bio-ink composition and material processing parameters is crucial for the development of biomechanically relevant cartilage constructs. 28229956 1 19 theme bio-ink 134:140 arg1 composition 142:152 bio-ink composition 134:152 bio-ink composition 134:152 Fine-tuning of bio-ink composition and material processing parameters is crucial for the development of biomechanically relevant cartilage constructs. 28229956 15 20 theme mechanical 2455:2464 arg1 properties 2466:2475 final mechanical properties 2449:2475 final mechanical properties of constructs, respectively 2449:2503 These findings are relevant for future bio-ink development, as they demonstrate the importance of selecting proper HAMA concentrations, as well as appropriate print settings and construct designs for optimal cartilage matrix deposition and final mechanical properties of constructs, respectively. 28229956 3 21 theme embedded 696:703 arg1 chondrocytes 705:716 embedded chondrocytes 696:716 embedded chondrocytes 696:716 More specifically, the potential of methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) added to thermosensitive hydrogels composed of methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) triblock copolymers, to optimize cartilage-like tissue formation by embedded chondrocytes, and enhance printability was explored. 28229956 15 22 theme HAMA 2324:2327 arg1 concentrations 2329:2342 proper HAMA concentrations 2317:2342 proper HAMA concentrations 2317:2342 These findings are relevant for future bio-ink development, as they demonstrate the importance of selecting proper HAMA concentrations, as well as appropriate print settings and construct designs for optimal cartilage matrix deposition and final mechanical properties of constructs, respectively. 28229956 1 23 theme composition 142:152 arg1 Fine-tuning 119:129 Fine-tuning 119:129 Fine-tuning of bio-ink composition and material processing parameters 119:187 Fine-tuning of bio-ink composition and material processing parameters is crucial for the development of biomechanically relevant cartilage constructs. 28229956 1 24 theme processing 167:176 arg1 parameters 178:187 material processing parameters 158:187 material processing parameters 158:187 Fine-tuning of bio-ink composition and material processing parameters is crucial for the development of biomechanically relevant cartilage constructs. 28229956 2 25 with constructs 318:327 arg1 properties 389:398 relevant mechanical properties 369:398 relevant mechanical properties 369:398 This study aims to design and develop cartilage constructs with tunable internal architectures and relevant mechanical properties. 28229956 2 25 with constructs 318:327 arg1 architectures 351:363 tunable internal architectures 334:363 tunable internal architectures 334:363 This study aims to design and develop cartilage constructs with tunable internal architectures and relevant mechanical properties. 28229956 0 26 theme composite 80:88 arg1 constructs 107:116 composite cartilage repair constructs 80:116 composite cartilage repair constructs 80:116 Development of a thermosensitive HAMA-containing bio-ink for the fabrication of composite cartilage repair constructs. 28229956 9 27 theme fibrocartilage 1632:1645 arg1 formation 1647:1655 increased fibrocartilage formation 1622:1655 increased fibrocartilage formation 1622:1655 Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen type II content increased with intermediate HAMA concentrations (0.25%-0.5%) compared to HAMA-free controls, while a relatively high HAMA concentration (1%) resulted in increased fibrocartilage formation. 28229956 13 28 theme Young 2008:2012 arg1 moduli 2016:2021 Young's moduli 2008:2021 Young's moduli of these composite constructs 2008:2051 Young's moduli of these composite constructs were in the range of native cartilage (3.5-4.6 MPa). 28229956 11 29 theme tissue 1868:1873 arg1 formation 1875:1883 cartilage-like tissue formation 1853:1883 cartilage-like tissue formation 1853:1883 The pHPMA-lac-PEG hydrogels with 0.5% HAMA were found to be optimal for cartilage-like tissue formation. 28229956 0 30 theme repair 100:105 arg1 constructs 107:116 composite cartilage repair constructs 80:116 composite cartilage repair constructs 80:116 Development of a thermosensitive HAMA-containing bio-ink for the fabrication of composite cartilage repair constructs. 28229956 5 31 theme cartilage-like 1038:1051 arg1 matrix 1053:1058 cartilage-like matrix 1038:1058 cartilage-like matrix 1038:1058 Chondrocyte-laden hydrogels composed of pHPMA-lac-PEG and different concentrations of HAMA (0%-1% w/w) were cultured for 28 d in vitro and subsequently evaluated for the presence of cartilage-like matrix. 28229956 6 32 theme Young 1061:1065 arg1 moduli 1069:1074 Young's moduli 1061:1074 Young's moduli 1061:1074 Young's moduli were determined for hydrogels with the different HAMA concentrations. 28229956 3 33 theme thermosensitive 483:497 arg1 hydrogels 499:507 thermosensitive hydrogels 483:507 thermosensitive hydrogels composed of methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) triblock copolymers 483:646 More specifically, the potential of methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) added to thermosensitive hydrogels composed of methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) triblock copolymers, to optimize cartilage-like tissue formation by embedded chondrocytes, and enhance printability was explored. 28229956 9 34 theme collagen 1444:1451 arg1 type 1453:1456 collagen type II 1444:1459 collagen type II 1444:1459 Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen type II content increased with intermediate HAMA concentrations (0.25%-0.5%) compared to HAMA-free controls, while a relatively high HAMA concentration (1%) resulted in increased fibrocartilage formation. 28229956 12 35 theme mesh 1996:1999 arg1 sizes 2001:2005 different mesh sizes 1986:2005 different mesh sizes 1986:2005 Therefore, this hydrogel system was co-printed with PCL to generate porous or solid constructs with different mesh sizes. 28229956 3 36 theme methacrylated 437:449 arg1 HAMA 468:471 HAMA 468:471 HAMA 468:471 More specifically, the potential of methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) added to thermosensitive hydrogels composed of methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) triblock copolymers, to optimize cartilage-like tissue formation by embedded chondrocytes, and enhance printability was explored. 28229956 3 36 theme methacrylated 437:449 arg1 acid 462:465 methacrylated hyaluronic acid 437:465 methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) 437:472 More specifically, the potential of methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) added to thermosensitive hydrogels composed of methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) triblock copolymers, to optimize cartilage-like tissue formation by embedded chondrocytes, and enhance printability was explored. 28229956 14 37 theme final 2191:2195 arg1 constructs 2197:2206 the final constructs 2187:2206 the final constructs 2187:2206 Interestingly, the co-printing procedure influenced the mechanical properties of the final constructs. 28229956 4 38 with co-printing 772:782 arg1 PCL 807:809 PCL 807:809 PCL 807:809 Additionally, co-printing with polycaprolactone (PCL) was performed for mechanical reinforcement. 28229956 4 38 with co-printing 772:782 arg1 polycaprolactone 789:804 polycaprolactone 789:804 polycaprolactone (PCL) 789:810 Additionally, co-printing with polycaprolactone (PCL) was performed for mechanical reinforcement. 28229956 4 39 theme mechanical 830:839 arg1 reinforcement 841:853 mechanical reinforcement 830:853 mechanical reinforcement 830:853 Additionally, co-printing with polycaprolactone (PCL) was performed for mechanical reinforcement. 28229956 3 40 theme methacrylated 521:533 arg1 glycol 615:620 methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol 521:620 methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) triblock copolymers 521:646 More specifically, the potential of methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) added to thermosensitive hydrogels composed of methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) triblock copolymers, to optimize cartilage-like tissue formation by embedded chondrocytes, and enhance printability was explored. 28229956 3 40 theme methacrylated 521:533 arg1 PEG 623:625 PEG 623:625 PEG 623:625 More specifically, the potential of methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) added to thermosensitive hydrogels composed of methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) triblock copolymers, to optimize cartilage-like tissue formation by embedded chondrocytes, and enhance printability was explored. 28229956 5 41 theme HAMA 942:945 arg1 pHPMA-lac-PEG 896:908 pHPMA-lac-PEG 896:908 pHPMA-lac-PEG 896:908 Chondrocyte-laden hydrogels composed of pHPMA-lac-PEG and different concentrations of HAMA (0%-1% w/w) were cultured for 28 d in vitro and subsequently evaluated for the presence of cartilage-like matrix. 28229956 5 41 theme HAMA 942:945 arg1 concentrations 924:937 different concentrations 914:937 different concentrations of HAMA (0%-1% w/w) 914:957 Chondrocyte-laden hydrogels composed of pHPMA-lac-PEG and different concentrations of HAMA (0%-1% w/w) were cultured for 28 d in vitro and subsequently evaluated for the presence of cartilage-like matrix. 28229956 15 42 theme print 2368:2372 arg1 settings 2374:2381 appropriate print settings 2356:2381 appropriate print settings 2356:2381 These findings are relevant for future bio-ink development, as they demonstrate the importance of selecting proper HAMA concentrations, as well as appropriate print settings and construct designs for optimal cartilage matrix deposition and final mechanical properties of constructs, respectively. 28229956 12 43 theme solid 1964:1968 arg1 constructs 1970:1979 porous or solid constructs 1954:1979 porous or solid constructs with different mesh sizes 1954:2005 Therefore, this hydrogel system was co-printed with PCL to generate porous or solid constructs with different mesh sizes. 28229956 6 44 theme HAMA 1125:1128 arg1 concentrations 1130:1143 the different HAMA concentrations 1111:1143 the different HAMA concentrations 1111:1143 Young's moduli were determined for hydrogels with the different HAMA concentrations. 28229956 14 45 theme mechanical 2162:2171 arg1 properties 2173:2182 the mechanical properties 2158:2182 the mechanical properties of the final constructs 2158:2206 Interestingly, the co-printing procedure influenced the mechanical properties of the final constructs. 28229956 11 46 theme % 1817:1817 arg1 HAMA 1819:1822 0.5% HAMA 1814:1822 0.5% HAMA 1814:1822 The pHPMA-lac-PEG hydrogels with 0.5% HAMA were found to be optimal for cartilage-like tissue formation. 28229956 0 47 theme HAMA-containing 33:47 arg1 bio-ink 49:55 a thermosensitive HAMA-containing bio-ink 15:55 a thermosensitive HAMA-containing bio-ink for the fabrication of composite cartilage repair constructs 15:116 Development of a thermosensitive HAMA-containing bio-ink for the fabrication of composite cartilage repair constructs. 28229956 9 48 theme intermediate 1484:1495 arg1 % 1527:1527 0.25%-0.5% 1518:1527 0.25%-0.5% 1518:1527 Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen type II content increased with intermediate HAMA concentrations (0.25%-0.5%) compared to HAMA-free controls, while a relatively high HAMA concentration (1%) resulted in increased fibrocartilage formation. 28229956 9 48 theme intermediate 1484:1495 arg1 concentrations 1502:1515 intermediate HAMA concentrations 1484:1515 intermediate HAMA concentrations (0.25%-0.5%) 1484:1528 Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen type II content increased with intermediate HAMA concentrations (0.25%-0.5%) compared to HAMA-free controls, while a relatively high HAMA concentration (1%) resulted in increased fibrocartilage formation. 28229956 7 49 theme mechanical 1261:1270 arg1 properties 1272:1281 their mechanical properties 1255:1281 their mechanical properties 1255:1281 Additionally, hydrogel/PCL constructs with different internal architectures were co-printed and analyzed for their mechanical properties. 28229956 3 50 theme acid 462:465 arg1 potential 424:432 the potential 420:432 the potential of methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) added to thermosensitive hydrogels composed of methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) triblock copolymers, to optimize cartilage-like tissue formation by embedded chondrocytes, and enhance printability 420:742 More specifically, the potential of methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) added to thermosensitive hydrogels composed of methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) triblock copolymers, to optimize cartilage-like tissue formation by embedded chondrocytes, and enhance printability was explored. 28229956 14 51 theme co-printing 2125:2135 arg1 procedure 2137:2145 the co-printing procedure 2121:2145 the co-printing procedure 2121:2145 Interestingly, the co-printing procedure influenced the mechanical properties of the final constructs. 28229956 2 52 theme mechanical 378:387 arg1 properties 389:398 relevant mechanical properties 369:398 relevant mechanical properties 369:398 This study aims to design and develop cartilage constructs with tunable internal architectures and relevant mechanical properties. 28229956 1 53 theme constructs 258:267 arg1 development 208:218 the development 204:218 the development of biomechanically relevant cartilage constructs 204:267 Fine-tuning of bio-ink composition and material processing parameters is crucial for the development of biomechanically relevant cartilage constructs. 28229956 12 54 theme porous 1954:1959 arg1 constructs 1970:1979 porous or solid constructs 1954:1979 porous or solid constructs with different mesh sizes 1954:2005 Therefore, this hydrogel system was co-printed with PCL to generate porous or solid constructs with different mesh sizes. 28229956 12 55 with constructs 1970:1979 arg1 sizes 2001:2005 different mesh sizes 1986:2005 different mesh sizes 1986:2005 Therefore, this hydrogel system was co-printed with PCL to generate porous or solid constructs with different mesh sizes. 28229956 15 56 theme appropriate 2356:2366 arg1 settings 2374:2381 appropriate print settings 2356:2381 appropriate print settings 2356:2381 These findings are relevant for future bio-ink development, as they demonstrate the importance of selecting proper HAMA concentrations, as well as appropriate print settings and construct designs for optimal cartilage matrix deposition and final mechanical properties of constructs, respectively. 28229956 5 57 theme Chondrocyte-laden 856:872 arg1 hydrogels 874:882 Chondrocyte-laden hydrogels 856:882 Chondrocyte-laden hydrogels composed of pHPMA-lac-PEG and different concentrations of HAMA (0%-1% w/w) 856:957 Chondrocyte-laden hydrogels composed of pHPMA-lac-PEG and different concentrations of HAMA (0%-1% w/w) were cultured for 28 d in vitro and subsequently evaluated for the presence of cartilage-like matrix. 28229956 10 58 dep 31 1724:1725 arg1 to 1721:1722 to 1721:1722 to 1721:1722 Young's moduli of generated hydrogel constructs ranged from 14 to 31 kPa and increased with increasing HAMA concentration. 28229956 3 59 theme mono/dilactate 574:587 arg1 glycol 615:620 methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol 521:620 methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) triblock copolymers 521:646 More specifically, the potential of methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) added to thermosensitive hydrogels composed of methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) triblock copolymers, to optimize cartilage-like tissue formation by embedded chondrocytes, and enhance printability was explored. 28229956 3 59 theme mono/dilactate 574:587 arg1 PEG 623:625 PEG 623:625 PEG 623:625 More specifically, the potential of methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) added to thermosensitive hydrogels composed of methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) triblock copolymers, to optimize cartilage-like tissue formation by embedded chondrocytes, and enhance printability was explored. 28229956 15 60 theme optimal 2409:2415 arg1 deposition 2434:2443 optimal cartilage matrix deposition 2409:2443 optimal cartilage matrix deposition 2409:2443 These findings are relevant for future bio-ink development, as they demonstrate the importance of selecting proper HAMA concentrations, as well as appropriate print settings and construct designs for optimal cartilage matrix deposition and final mechanical properties of constructs, respectively. 28229956 10 61 theme hydrogel 1686:1693 arg1 constructs 1695:1704 generated hydrogel constructs 1676:1704 generated hydrogel constructs 1676:1704 Young's moduli of generated hydrogel constructs ranged from 14 to 31 kPa and increased with increasing HAMA concentration. 28229956 9 62 theme increased 1622:1630 arg1 formation 1647:1655 increased fibrocartilage formation 1622:1655 increased fibrocartilage formation 1622:1655 Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen type II content increased with intermediate HAMA concentrations (0.25%-0.5%) compared to HAMA-free controls, while a relatively high HAMA concentration (1%) resulted in increased fibrocartilage formation. 28229956 11 63 theme pHPMA-lac-PEG 1785:1797 arg1 hydrogels 1799:1807 The pHPMA-lac-PEG hydrogels 1781:1807 The pHPMA-lac-PEG hydrogels with 0.5% HAMA 1781:1822 The pHPMA-lac-PEG hydrogels with 0.5% HAMA were found to be optimal for cartilage-like tissue formation. 28229956 11 63 theme pHPMA-lac-PEG 1785:1797 arg1 optimal 1841:1847 optimal 1841:1847 optimal 1841:1847 The pHPMA-lac-PEG hydrogels with 0.5% HAMA were found to be optimal for cartilage-like tissue formation. 28229956 7 64 theme different 1189:1197 arg1 architectures 1208:1220 different internal architectures 1189:1220 different internal architectures 1189:1220 Additionally, hydrogel/PCL constructs with different internal architectures were co-printed and analyzed for their mechanical properties. 28229956 13 65 theme native 2074:2079 arg1 cartilage 2081:2089 native cartilage 2074:2089 native cartilage 2074:2089 Young's moduli of these composite constructs were in the range of native cartilage (3.5-4.6 MPa). 28229956 2 66 theme cartilage 308:316 arg1 constructs 318:327 cartilage constructs 308:327 cartilage constructs with tunable internal architectures and relevant mechanical properties 308:398 This study aims to design and develop cartilage constructs with tunable internal architectures and relevant mechanical properties. 28229956 15 67 theme proper 2317:2322 arg1 concentrations 2329:2342 proper HAMA concentrations 2317:2342 proper HAMA concentrations 2317:2342 These findings are relevant for future bio-ink development, as they demonstrate the importance of selecting proper HAMA concentrations, as well as appropriate print settings and construct designs for optimal cartilage matrix deposition and final mechanical properties of constructs, respectively. 28229956 8 68 theme HAMA 1350:1353 arg1 concentration 1355:1367 HAMA concentration 1350:1367 HAMA concentration 1350:1367 The results of this study demonstrated a dose-dependent effect of HAMA concentration on cartilage matrix synthesis by chondrocytes. 28229956 13 69 theme constructs 2042:2051 arg1 moduli 2016:2021 Young's moduli 2008:2021 Young's moduli of these composite constructs 2008:2051 Young's moduli of these composite constructs were in the range of native cartilage (3.5-4.6 MPa). 28229956 3 70 theme triblock 628:635 arg1 copolymers 637:646 triblock copolymers 628:646 methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) triblock copolymers 521:646 More specifically, the potential of methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) added to thermosensitive hydrogels composed of methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) triblock copolymers, to optimize cartilage-like tissue formation by embedded chondrocytes, and enhance printability was explored. 28229956 2 71 theme internal 342:349 arg1 architectures 351:363 tunable internal architectures 334:363 tunable internal architectures 334:363 This study aims to design and develop cartilage constructs with tunable internal architectures and relevant mechanical properties. 28229956 15 72 theme bio-ink 2248:2254 arg1 development 2256:2266 future bio-ink development 2241:2266 future bio-ink development 2241:2266 These findings are relevant for future bio-ink development, as they demonstrate the importance of selecting proper HAMA concentrations, as well as appropriate print settings and construct designs for optimal cartilage matrix deposition and final mechanical properties of constructs, respectively. 28229956 8 73 theme study 1304:1308 arg1 results 1288:1294 The results 1284:1294 The results of this study 1284:1308 The results of this study demonstrated a dose-dependent effect of HAMA concentration on cartilage matrix synthesis by chondrocytes. 28229956 8 74 theme matrix 1382:1387 arg1 synthesis 1389:1397 cartilage matrix synthesis 1372:1397 cartilage matrix synthesis by chondrocytes 1372:1413 The results of this study demonstrated a dose-dependent effect of HAMA concentration on cartilage matrix synthesis by chondrocytes. 28229956 5 75 theme % 949:949 arg1 % 952:952 0%-1% w/w 948:956 0%-1% w/w 948:956 Chondrocyte-laden hydrogels composed of pHPMA-lac-PEG and different concentrations of HAMA (0%-1% w/w) were cultured for 28 d in vitro and subsequently evaluated for the presence of cartilage-like matrix. 28229956 5 75 theme % 949:949 arg1 HAMA 942:945 HAMA 942:945 HAMA (0%-1% w/w) 942:957 Chondrocyte-laden hydrogels composed of pHPMA-lac-PEG and different concentrations of HAMA (0%-1% w/w) were cultured for 28 d in vitro and subsequently evaluated for the presence of cartilage-like matrix. 28229956 6 76 with hydrogels 1096:1104 arg1 concentrations 1130:1143 the different HAMA concentrations 1111:1143 the different HAMA concentrations 1111:1143 Young's moduli were determined for hydrogels with the different HAMA concentrations. 28229956 15 77 theme constructs 2480:2489 arg1 deposition 2434:2443 optimal cartilage matrix deposition 2409:2443 optimal cartilage matrix deposition 2409:2443 These findings are relevant for future bio-ink development, as they demonstrate the importance of selecting proper HAMA concentrations, as well as appropriate print settings and construct designs for optimal cartilage matrix deposition and final mechanical properties of constructs, respectively. 28229956 15 77 theme constructs 2480:2489 arg1 properties 2466:2475 final mechanical properties 2449:2475 final mechanical properties of constructs, respectively 2449:2503 These findings are relevant for future bio-ink development, as they demonstrate the importance of selecting proper HAMA concentrations, as well as appropriate print settings and construct designs for optimal cartilage matrix deposition and final mechanical properties of constructs, respectively. 28229956 3 78 dep glycol 615:620 arg1 copolymers 637:646 triblock copolymers 628:646 methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) triblock copolymers 521:646 More specifically, the potential of methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) added to thermosensitive hydrogels composed of methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) triblock copolymers, to optimize cartilage-like tissue formation by embedded chondrocytes, and enhance printability was explored. 28229956 11 79 theme cartilage-like 1853:1866 arg1 formation 1875:1883 cartilage-like tissue formation 1853:1883 cartilage-like tissue formation 1853:1883 The pHPMA-lac-PEG hydrogels with 0.5% HAMA were found to be optimal for cartilage-like tissue formation. 28229956 3 80 theme tissue 676:681 arg1 formation 683:691 cartilage-like tissue formation 661:691 cartilage-like tissue formation 661:691 More specifically, the potential of methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) added to thermosensitive hydrogels composed of methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) triblock copolymers, to optimize cartilage-like tissue formation by embedded chondrocytes, and enhance printability was explored. 28229956 1 81 theme material 158:165 arg1 parameters 178:187 material processing parameters 158:187 material processing parameters 158:187 Fine-tuning of bio-ink composition and material processing parameters is crucial for the development of biomechanically relevant cartilage constructs. 28229956 13 82 dep range 2065:2069 arg1 MPa 2100:2102 3.5-4.6 MPa 2092:2102 3.5-4.6 MPa 2092:2102 Young's moduli of these composite constructs were in the range of native cartilage (3.5-4.6 MPa). 28229956 0 83 theme cartilage 90:98 arg1 constructs 107:116 composite cartilage repair constructs 80:116 composite cartilage repair constructs 80:116 Development of a thermosensitive HAMA-containing bio-ink for the fabrication of composite cartilage repair constructs. 28229956 9 84 theme Glycosaminoglycan 1416:1432 arg1 content 1461:1467 Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen type II content 1416:1467 Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen type II content 1416:1467 Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen type II content increased with intermediate HAMA concentrations (0.25%-0.5%) compared to HAMA-free controls, while a relatively high HAMA concentration (1%) resulted in increased fibrocartilage formation. 28229956 1 85 theme parameters 178:187 arg1 Fine-tuning 119:129 Fine-tuning 119:129 Fine-tuning of bio-ink composition and material processing parameters 119:187 Fine-tuning of bio-ink composition and material processing parameters is crucial for the development of biomechanically relevant cartilage constructs. 28229956 0 86 theme constructs 107:116 arg1 fabrication 65:75 the fabrication 61:75 the fabrication of composite cartilage repair constructs 61:116 Development of a thermosensitive HAMA-containing bio-ink for the fabrication of composite cartilage repair constructs. 28229956 2 87 theme relevant 369:376 arg1 properties 389:398 relevant mechanical properties 369:398 relevant mechanical properties 369:398 This study aims to design and develop cartilage constructs with tunable internal architectures and relevant mechanical properties. 28229956 5 88 theme matrix 1053:1058 arg1 presence 1026:1033 the presence 1022:1033 the presence of cartilage-like matrix 1022:1058 Chondrocyte-laden hydrogels composed of pHPMA-lac-PEG and different concentrations of HAMA (0%-1% w/w) were cultured for 28 d in vitro and subsequently evaluated for the presence of cartilage-like matrix. 28229956 14 89 theme constructs 2197:2206 arg1 properties 2173:2182 the mechanical properties 2158:2182 the mechanical properties of the final constructs 2158:2206 Interestingly, the co-printing procedure influenced the mechanical properties of the final constructs. 28229956 15 90 theme final 2449:2453 arg1 properties 2466:2475 final mechanical properties 2449:2475 final mechanical properties of constructs, respectively 2449:2503 These findings are relevant for future bio-ink development, as they demonstrate the importance of selecting proper HAMA concentrations, as well as appropriate print settings and construct designs for optimal cartilage matrix deposition and final mechanical properties of constructs, respectively. 28229956 5 91 theme different 914:922 arg1 concentrations 924:937 different concentrations 914:937 different concentrations of HAMA (0%-1% w/w) 914:957 Chondrocyte-laden hydrogels composed of pHPMA-lac-PEG and different concentrations of HAMA (0%-1% w/w) were cultured for 28 d in vitro and subsequently evaluated for the presence of cartilage-like matrix. 28229956 9 92 theme type 1453:1456 arg1 content 1461:1467 Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen type II content 1416:1467 Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen type II content 1416:1467 Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen type II content increased with intermediate HAMA concentrations (0.25%-0.5%) compared to HAMA-free controls, while a relatively high HAMA concentration (1%) resulted in increased fibrocartilage formation. 28229956 3 93 theme hyaluronic 451:460 arg1 HAMA 468:471 HAMA 468:471 HAMA 468:471 More specifically, the potential of methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) added to thermosensitive hydrogels composed of methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) triblock copolymers, to optimize cartilage-like tissue formation by embedded chondrocytes, and enhance printability was explored. 28229956 3 93 theme hyaluronic 451:460 arg1 acid 462:465 methacrylated hyaluronic acid 437:465 methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) 437:472 More specifically, the potential of methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) added to thermosensitive hydrogels composed of methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) triblock copolymers, to optimize cartilage-like tissue formation by embedded chondrocytes, and enhance printability was explored. 28229956 0 94 theme thermosensitive 17:31 arg1 bio-ink 49:55 a thermosensitive HAMA-containing bio-ink 15:55 a thermosensitive HAMA-containing bio-ink for the fabrication of composite cartilage repair constructs 15:116 Development of a thermosensitive HAMA-containing bio-ink for the fabrication of composite cartilage repair constructs. 28229956 15 95 theme construct 2387:2395 arg1 designs 2397:2403 construct designs 2387:2403 construct designs 2387:2403 These findings are relevant for future bio-ink development, as they demonstrate the importance of selecting proper HAMA concentrations, as well as appropriate print settings and construct designs for optimal cartilage matrix deposition and final mechanical properties of constructs, respectively. 28229956 11 96 theme 0.5 1814:1816 arg1 % 1817:1817 % 1817:1817 % 1817:1817 The pHPMA-lac-PEG hydrogels with 0.5% HAMA were found to be optimal for cartilage-like tissue formation. 28229956 3 97 theme poly[N- 535:541 arg1 glycol 615:620 methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol 521:620 methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) triblock copolymers 521:646 More specifically, the potential of methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) added to thermosensitive hydrogels composed of methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) triblock copolymers, to optimize cartilage-like tissue formation by embedded chondrocytes, and enhance printability was explored. 28229956 3 97 theme poly[N- 535:541 arg1 PEG 623:625 PEG 623:625 PEG 623:625 More specifically, the potential of methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) added to thermosensitive hydrogels composed of methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) triblock copolymers, to optimize cartilage-like tissue formation by embedded chondrocytes, and enhance printability was explored. 28229956 0 98 theme bio-ink 49:55 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development of a thermosensitive HAMA-containing bio-ink for the fabrication of composite cartilage repair constructs. 0:117 Development of a thermosensitive HAMA-containing bio-ink for the fabrication of composite cartilage repair constructs. 28229956 12 99 theme different 1986:1994 arg1 sizes 2001:2005 different mesh sizes 1986:2005 different mesh sizes 1986:2005 Therefore, this hydrogel system was co-printed with PCL to generate porous or solid constructs with different mesh sizes. 28229956 1 100 theme relevant 239:246 arg1 constructs 258:267 biomechanically relevant cartilage constructs 223:267 biomechanically relevant cartilage constructs 223:267 Fine-tuning of bio-ink composition and material processing parameters is crucial for the development of biomechanically relevant cartilage constructs. 28229956 6 101 theme different 1115:1123 arg1 concentrations 1130:1143 the different HAMA concentrations 1111:1143 the different HAMA concentrations 1111:1143 Young's moduli were determined for hydrogels with the different HAMA concentrations. 28229956 10 102 theme HAMA 1761:1764 arg1 concentration 1766:1778 HAMA concentration 1761:1778 HAMA concentration 1761:1778 Young's moduli of generated hydrogel constructs ranged from 14 to 31 kPa and increased with increasing HAMA concentration. 28229956 15 103 theme matrix 2427:2432 arg1 deposition 2434:2443 optimal cartilage matrix deposition 2409:2443 optimal cartilage matrix deposition 2409:2443 These findings are relevant for future bio-ink development, as they demonstrate the importance of selecting proper HAMA concentrations, as well as appropriate print settings and construct designs for optimal cartilage matrix deposition and final mechanical properties of constructs, respectively. 28229956 9 104 theme HAMA 1497:1500 arg1 % 1527:1527 0.25%-0.5% 1518:1527 0.25%-0.5% 1518:1527 Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen type II content increased with intermediate HAMA concentrations (0.25%-0.5%) compared to HAMA-free controls, while a relatively high HAMA concentration (1%) resulted in increased fibrocartilage formation. 28229956 9 104 theme HAMA 1497:1500 arg1 concentrations 1502:1515 intermediate HAMA concentrations 1484:1515 intermediate HAMA concentrations (0.25%-0.5%) 1484:1528 Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen type II content increased with intermediate HAMA concentrations (0.25%-0.5%) compared to HAMA-free controls, while a relatively high HAMA concentration (1%) resulted in increased fibrocartilage formation. 28229956 9 105 theme HAMA 1586:1589 arg1 % 1607:1607 1% 1606:1607 1% 1606:1607 Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen type II content increased with intermediate HAMA concentrations (0.25%-0.5%) compared to HAMA-free controls, while a relatively high HAMA concentration (1%) resulted in increased fibrocartilage formation. 28229956 9 105 theme HAMA 1586:1589 arg1 concentration 1591:1603 a relatively high HAMA concentration 1568:1603 a relatively high HAMA concentration (1%) 1568:1608 Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen type II content increased with intermediate HAMA concentrations (0.25%-0.5%) compared to HAMA-free controls, while a relatively high HAMA concentration (1%) resulted in increased fibrocartilage formation. 28229956 7 106 with constructs 1173:1182 arg1 architectures 1208:1220 different internal architectures 1189:1220 different internal architectures 1189:1220 Additionally, hydrogel/PCL constructs with different internal architectures were co-printed and analyzed for their mechanical properties. 28229956 3 107 theme methacrylamide 559:572 arg1 glycol 615:620 methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol 521:620 methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) triblock copolymers 521:646 More specifically, the potential of methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) added to thermosensitive hydrogels composed of methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) triblock copolymers, to optimize cartilage-like tissue formation by embedded chondrocytes, and enhance printability was explored. 28229956 3 107 theme methacrylamide 559:572 arg1 PEG 623:625 PEG 623:625 PEG 623:625 More specifically, the potential of methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) added to thermosensitive hydrogels composed of methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) triblock copolymers, to optimize cartilage-like tissue formation by embedded chondrocytes, and enhance printability was explored. 28229956 13 108 theme cartilage 2081:2089 arg1 range 2065:2069 the range 2061:2069 the range of native cartilage 2061:2089 Young's moduli of these composite constructs were in the range of native cartilage (3.5-4.6 MPa). 28229956 3 109 theme 2-hydroxypropyl 543:557 arg1 glycol 615:620 methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol 521:620 methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) triblock copolymers 521:646 More specifically, the potential of methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) added to thermosensitive hydrogels composed of methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) triblock copolymers, to optimize cartilage-like tissue formation by embedded chondrocytes, and enhance printability was explored. 28229956 3 109 theme 2-hydroxypropyl 543:557 arg1 PEG 623:625 PEG 623:625 PEG 623:625 More specifically, the potential of methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) added to thermosensitive hydrogels composed of methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) triblock copolymers, to optimize cartilage-like tissue formation by embedded chondrocytes, and enhance printability was explored. 28229956 9 110 theme % 1522:1522 arg1 % 1527:1527 0.25%-0.5% 1518:1527 0.25%-0.5% 1518:1527 Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen type II content increased with intermediate HAMA concentrations (0.25%-0.5%) compared to HAMA-free controls, while a relatively high HAMA concentration (1%) resulted in increased fibrocartilage formation. 28229956 9 110 theme % 1522:1522 arg1 concentrations 1502:1515 intermediate HAMA concentrations 1484:1515 intermediate HAMA concentrations (0.25%-0.5%) 1484:1528 Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen type II content increased with intermediate HAMA concentrations (0.25%-0.5%) compared to HAMA-free controls, while a relatively high HAMA concentration (1%) resulted in increased fibrocartilage formation. 28229956 15 111 theme future 2241:2246 arg1 development 2256:2266 future bio-ink development 2241:2266 future bio-ink development 2241:2266 These findings are relevant for future bio-ink development, as they demonstrate the importance of selecting proper HAMA concentrations, as well as appropriate print settings and construct designs for optimal cartilage matrix deposition and final mechanical properties of constructs, respectively. 28229956 10 112 theme Young 1658:1662 arg1 moduli 1666:1671 Young's moduli 1658:1671 Young's moduli of generated hydrogel constructs 1658:1704 Young's moduli of generated hydrogel constructs ranged from 14 to 31 kPa and increased with increasing HAMA concentration. 28229956 3 113 theme pHPMA-lac 591:599 arg1 glycol 615:620 methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol 521:620 methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) triblock copolymers 521:646 More specifically, the potential of methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) added to thermosensitive hydrogels composed of methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) triblock copolymers, to optimize cartilage-like tissue formation by embedded chondrocytes, and enhance printability was explored. 28229956 3 113 theme pHPMA-lac 591:599 arg1 PEG 623:625 PEG 623:625 PEG 623:625 More specifically, the potential of methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) added to thermosensitive hydrogels composed of methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide mono/dilactate] (pHPMA-lac)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) triblock copolymers, to optimize cartilage-like tissue formation by embedded chondrocytes, and enhance printability was explored. 26080549 4 0 theme concentration 904:916 arg1 -1 926:927 -1 926:927 -1 926:927 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 0 theme concentration 904:916 arg1 L 924:924 curcumin concentration 8 g x L 895:924 curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1) 895:928 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 0 theme concentration 904:916 arg1 conditions 788:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 1 theme g 920:920 arg1 -1 926:927 -1 926:927 -1 926:927 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 1 theme g 920:920 arg1 L 924:924 curcumin concentration 8 g x L 895:924 curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1) 895:928 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 1 theme g 920:920 arg1 conditions 788:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 3 2 dep in 664:665 arg1 vitro 667:671 vitro 667:671 vitro 667:671 The experiments such as drug loading, yield, particle size distribution, electron microscope analysis (SEM) , infrared spectrum (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in vitro dissolution were used to analyze the optimal process combination. 26080549 7 3 theme composite 1331:1339 arg1 particles 1341:1349 curcumin-EC composite particles 1319:1349 curcumin-EC composite particles 1319:1349 The experiments of in vitro dissolution showed that curcumin-EC composite particles had good sustained-release effect. 26080549 6 4 with complex 1250:1256 arg1 EC 1263:1264 EC 1263:1264 EC 1263:1264 IR and DSC analysis showed that curcumin might complex with EC. 26080549 1 5 theme CO2 218:220 arg1 technology 235:244 supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology 204:244 supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology 204:244 Curcumin-ethyl-cellulose (EC) sustained-release composite particles were prepared by using supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology. 26080549 2 6 theme factor 342:347 arg1 tests 349:353 single factor tests 335:353 single factor tests 335:353 With drug loading and yield of inclusion complex as evaluation indexes, on the basis of single factor tests, orthogonal experimental design was used to optimize the preparation process of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles. 26080549 7 7 theme dissolution 1295:1305 arg1 experiments 1271:1281 The experiments 1267:1281 The experiments of in vitro dissolution 1267:1305 The experiments of in vitro dissolution showed that curcumin-EC composite particles had good sustained-release effect. 26080549 3 8 theme infrared 596:603 arg1 IR 615:616 IR 615:616 IR 615:616 The experiments such as drug loading, yield, particle size distribution, electron microscope analysis (SEM) , infrared spectrum (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in vitro dissolution were used to analyze the optimal process combination. 26080549 3 8 theme infrared 596:603 arg1 spectrum 605:612 infrared spectrum 596:612 infrared spectrum (IR) 596:617 The experiments such as drug loading, yield, particle size distribution, electron microscope analysis (SEM) , infrared spectrum (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in vitro dissolution were used to analyze the optimal process combination. 26080549 4 9 theme flow 939:942 arg1 conditions 788:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 9 theme flow 939:942 arg1 -1 962:963 -1 962:963 -1 962:963 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 9 theme flow 939:942 arg1 min 958:960 solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min 931:960 solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1) 931:964 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 7 10 theme in 1286:1287 arg1 dissolution 1295:1305 in vitro dissolution 1286:1305 in vitro dissolution 1286:1305 The experiments of in vitro dissolution showed that curcumin-EC composite particles had good sustained-release effect. 26080549 5 11 theme optimal 1009:1015 arg1 conditions 1017:1026 the optimal conditions 1005:1026 the optimal conditions 1005:1026 Under the optimal conditions, the average drug loading and yield of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles were 33.01% and 83.97%, and the average particle size of the particles was 20.632 μm. 26080549 3 12 theme differential 620:631 arg1 calorimetry 642:652 differential scanning calorimetry 620:652 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 620:658 The experiments such as drug loading, yield, particle size distribution, electron microscope analysis (SEM) , infrared spectrum (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in vitro dissolution were used to analyze the optimal process combination. 26080549 3 12 theme differential 620:631 arg1 DSC 655:657 DSC 655:657 DSC 655:657 The experiments such as drug loading, yield, particle size distribution, electron microscope analysis (SEM) , infrared spectrum (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in vitro dissolution were used to analyze the optimal process combination. 26080549 1 13 theme sustained-release 143:159 arg1 particles 171:179 Curcumin-ethyl-cellulose (EC) sustained-release composite particles 113:179 Curcumin-ethyl-cellulose (EC) sustained-release composite particles 113:179 Curcumin-ethyl-cellulose (EC) sustained-release composite particles were prepared by using supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology. 26080549 8 14 theme sustained-release 1398:1414 arg1 particles 1426:1434 Curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles 1386:1434 Curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles 1386:1434 Curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles can be prepared by supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology. 26080549 4 15 theme orthogonal 743:752 arg1 min 958:960 solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min 931:960 solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1) 931:964 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 15 theme orthogonal 743:752 arg1 MPa 890:892 crystallization pressure 10 MPa 862:892 crystallization pressure 10 MPa 862:892 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 15 theme orthogonal 743:752 arg1 L 924:924 curcumin concentration 8 g x L 895:924 curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1) 895:928 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 15 theme orthogonal 743:752 arg1 follows 811:817 follows 811:817 follows 811:817 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 15 theme orthogonal 743:752 arg1 C 859:859 crystallization temperature 45 degrees C 820:859 crystallization temperature 45 degrees C 820:859 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 15 theme orthogonal 743:752 arg1 min 990:992 CO2 velocity 4 L x min 971:992 CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1) 971:996 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 15 theme orthogonal 743:752 arg1 conditions 788:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 2 16 theme evaluation 299:308 arg1 indexes 310:316 evaluation indexes 299:316 evaluation indexes 299:316 With drug loading and yield of inclusion complex as evaluation indexes, on the basis of single factor tests, orthogonal experimental design was used to optimize the preparation process of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles. 26080549 2 17 dep tests 349:353 arg1 the 322:324 the 322:324 the 322:324 With drug loading and yield of inclusion complex as evaluation indexes, on the basis of single factor tests, orthogonal experimental design was used to optimize the preparation process of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles. 26080549 2 17 dep tests 349:353 arg1 basis 326:330 basis 326:330 basis 326:330 With drug loading and yield of inclusion complex as evaluation indexes, on the basis of single factor tests, orthogonal experimental design was used to optimize the preparation process of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles. 26080549 0 18 theme CO2 83:85 arg1 technology 100:109 supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology 69:109 supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology 69:109 [Preparation of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles by supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology]. 26080549 2 19 theme complex 288:294 arg1 yield 269:273 yield 269:273 yield 269:273 With drug loading and yield of inclusion complex as evaluation indexes, on the basis of single factor tests, orthogonal experimental design was used to optimize the preparation process of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles. 26080549 2 19 theme complex 288:294 arg1 loading 257:263 drug loading 252:263 drug loading 252:263 With drug loading and yield of inclusion complex as evaluation indexes, on the basis of single factor tests, orthogonal experimental design was used to optimize the preparation process of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles. 26080549 2 20 used used 391:394 arg2 design 380:385 orthogonal experimental design 356:385 orthogonal experimental design 356:385 With drug loading and yield of inclusion complex as evaluation indexes, on the basis of single factor tests, orthogonal experimental design was used to optimize the preparation process of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles. 26080549 4 21 theme x 956:956 arg1 conditions 788:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 21 theme x 956:956 arg1 -1 962:963 -1 962:963 -1 962:963 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 21 theme x 956:956 arg1 min 958:960 solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min 931:960 solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1) 931:964 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 8 22 theme CO2 1469:1471 arg1 technology 1486:1495 supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology 1455:1495 supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology 1455:1495 Curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles can be prepared by supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology. 26080549 5 23 theme average 1033:1039 arg1 % 1127:1127 33.01% 1122:1127 33.01% 1122:1127 Under the optimal conditions, the average drug loading and yield of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles were 33.01% and 83.97%, and the average particle size of the particles was 20.632 μm. 26080549 5 23 theme average 1033:1039 arg1 loading 1046:1052 the average drug loading 1029:1052 the average drug loading 1029:1052 Under the optimal conditions, the average drug loading and yield of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles were 33.01% and 83.97%, and the average particle size of the particles was 20.632 μm. 26080549 4 24 theme L 986:986 arg1 conditions 788:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 24 theme L 986:986 arg1 -1 994:995 -1 994:995 -1 994:995 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 24 theme L 986:986 arg1 min 990:992 CO2 velocity 4 L x min 971:992 CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1) 971:996 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 25 theme optimization 767:778 arg1 min 958:960 solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min 931:960 solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1) 931:964 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 25 theme optimization 767:778 arg1 MPa 890:892 crystallization pressure 10 MPa 862:892 crystallization pressure 10 MPa 862:892 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 25 theme optimization 767:778 arg1 L 924:924 curcumin concentration 8 g x L 895:924 curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1) 895:928 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 25 theme optimization 767:778 arg1 follows 811:817 follows 811:817 follows 811:817 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 25 theme optimization 767:778 arg1 C 859:859 crystallization temperature 45 degrees C 820:859 crystallization temperature 45 degrees C 820:859 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 25 theme optimization 767:778 arg1 min 990:992 CO2 velocity 4 L x min 971:992 CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1) 971:996 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 25 theme optimization 767:778 arg1 conditions 788:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 2 26 theme preparation 412:422 arg1 process 424:430 the preparation process 408:430 the preparation process of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles 408:483 With drug loading and yield of inclusion complex as evaluation indexes, on the basis of single factor tests, orthogonal experimental design was used to optimize the preparation process of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles. 26080549 1 27 theme Curcumin-ethyl-cellulose 113:136 arg1 particles 171:179 Curcumin-ethyl-cellulose (EC) sustained-release composite particles 113:179 Curcumin-ethyl-cellulose (EC) sustained-release composite particles 113:179 Curcumin-ethyl-cellulose (EC) sustained-release composite particles were prepared by using supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology. 26080549 2 28 theme particles 475:483 arg1 process 424:430 the preparation process 408:430 the preparation process of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles 408:483 With drug loading and yield of inclusion complex as evaluation indexes, on the basis of single factor tests, orthogonal experimental design was used to optimize the preparation process of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles. 26080549 0 29 theme curcumin-EC 16:26 arg1 particles 56:64 curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles 16:64 curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles 16:64 [Preparation of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles by supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology]. 26080549 2 30 theme sustained-release 447:463 arg1 particles 475:483 curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles 435:483 curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles 435:483 With drug loading and yield of inclusion complex as evaluation indexes, on the basis of single factor tests, orthogonal experimental design was used to optimize the preparation process of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles. 26080549 0 31 theme composite 46:54 arg1 particles 56:64 curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles 16:64 curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles 16:64 [Preparation of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles by supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology]. 26080549 5 32 theme curcumin-EC 1067:1077 arg1 particles 1107:1115 curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles 1067:1115 curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles 1067:1115 Under the optimal conditions, the average drug loading and yield of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles were 33.01% and 83.97%, and the average particle size of the particles was 20.632 μm. 26080549 4 33 theme velocity 975:982 arg1 conditions 788:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 33 theme velocity 975:982 arg1 -1 994:995 -1 994:995 -1 994:995 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 33 theme velocity 975:982 arg1 min 990:992 CO2 velocity 4 L x min 971:992 CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1) 971:996 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 34 theme crystallization 862:876 arg1 MPa 890:892 crystallization pressure 10 MPa 862:892 crystallization pressure 10 MPa 862:892 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 34 theme crystallization 862:876 arg1 conditions 788:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 3 35 theme particle 531:538 arg1 loading 515:521 drug loading 510:521 drug loading 510:521 The experiments such as drug loading, yield, particle size distribution, electron microscope analysis (SEM) , infrared spectrum (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in vitro dissolution were used to analyze the optimal process combination. 26080549 3 35 theme particle 531:538 arg1 distribution 545:556 particle size distribution 531:556 particle size distribution 531:556 The experiments such as drug loading, yield, particle size distribution, electron microscope analysis (SEM) , infrared spectrum (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in vitro dissolution were used to analyze the optimal process combination. 26080549 5 36 theme composite 1097:1105 arg1 particles 1107:1115 curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles 1067:1115 curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles 1067:1115 Under the optimal conditions, the average drug loading and yield of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles were 33.01% and 83.97%, and the average particle size of the particles was 20.632 μm. 26080549 3 37 used used 690:693 arg2 DSC 655:657 DSC 655:657 DSC 655:657 The experiments such as drug loading, yield, particle size distribution, electron microscope analysis (SEM) , infrared spectrum (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in vitro dissolution were used to analyze the optimal process combination. 26080549 3 37 used used 690:693 arg2 dissolution 673:683 in vitro dissolution 664:683 in vitro dissolution 664:683 The experiments such as drug loading, yield, particle size distribution, electron microscope analysis (SEM) , infrared spectrum (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in vitro dissolution were used to analyze the optimal process combination. 26080549 3 37 used used 690:693 arg2 analysis 579:586 electron microscope analysis 559:586 electron microscope analysis (SEM) 559:592 The experiments such as drug loading, yield, particle size distribution, electron microscope analysis (SEM) , infrared spectrum (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in vitro dissolution were used to analyze the optimal process combination. 26080549 3 37 used used 690:693 arg2 loading 515:521 drug loading 510:521 drug loading 510:521 The experiments such as drug loading, yield, particle size distribution, electron microscope analysis (SEM) , infrared spectrum (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in vitro dissolution were used to analyze the optimal process combination. 26080549 3 37 used used 690:693 arg2 SEM 589:591 SEM 589:591 SEM 589:591 The experiments such as drug loading, yield, particle size distribution, electron microscope analysis (SEM) , infrared spectrum (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in vitro dissolution were used to analyze the optimal process combination. 26080549 3 37 used used 690:693 arg2 IR 615:616 IR 615:616 IR 615:616 The experiments such as drug loading, yield, particle size distribution, electron microscope analysis (SEM) , infrared spectrum (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in vitro dissolution were used to analyze the optimal process combination. 26080549 3 37 used used 690:693 arg2 calorimetry 642:652 differential scanning calorimetry 620:652 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 620:658 The experiments such as drug loading, yield, particle size distribution, electron microscope analysis (SEM) , infrared spectrum (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in vitro dissolution were used to analyze the optimal process combination. 26080549 3 37 used used 690:693 arg2 spectrum 605:612 infrared spectrum 596:612 infrared spectrum (IR) 596:617 The experiments such as drug loading, yield, particle size distribution, electron microscope analysis (SEM) , infrared spectrum (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in vitro dissolution were used to analyze the optimal process combination. 26080549 3 37 used used 690:693 arg2 experiments 490:500 The experiments 486:500 The experiments such as drug loading, yield, particle size distribution 486:556 The experiments such as drug loading, yield, particle size distribution, electron microscope analysis (SEM) , infrared spectrum (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in vitro dissolution were used to analyze the optimal process combination. 26080549 2 38 theme drug 252:255 arg1 loading 257:263 drug loading 252:263 drug loading 252:263 With drug loading and yield of inclusion complex as evaluation indexes, on the basis of single factor tests, orthogonal experimental design was used to optimize the preparation process of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles. 26080549 4 39 theme crystallization 820:834 arg1 C 859:859 crystallization temperature 45 degrees C 820:859 crystallization temperature 45 degrees C 820:859 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 39 theme crystallization 820:834 arg1 conditions 788:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 2 40 theme orthogonal 356:365 arg1 design 380:385 orthogonal experimental design 356:385 orthogonal experimental design 356:385 With drug loading and yield of inclusion complex as evaluation indexes, on the basis of single factor tests, orthogonal experimental design was used to optimize the preparation process of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles. 26080549 3 41 theme drug 510:513 arg1 yield 524:528 yield 524:528 yield 524:528 The experiments such as drug loading, yield, particle size distribution, electron microscope analysis (SEM) , infrared spectrum (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in vitro dissolution were used to analyze the optimal process combination. 26080549 3 41 theme drug 510:513 arg1 loading 515:521 drug loading 510:521 drug loading 510:521 The experiments such as drug loading, yield, particle size distribution, electron microscope analysis (SEM) , infrared spectrum (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in vitro dissolution were used to analyze the optimal process combination. 26080549 3 41 theme drug 510:513 arg1 distribution 545:556 particle size distribution 531:556 particle size distribution 531:556 The experiments such as drug loading, yield, particle size distribution, electron microscope analysis (SEM) , infrared spectrum (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in vitro dissolution were used to analyze the optimal process combination. 26080549 3 42 theme electron 559:566 arg1 SEM 589:591 SEM 589:591 SEM 589:591 The experiments such as drug loading, yield, particle size distribution, electron microscope analysis (SEM) , infrared spectrum (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in vitro dissolution were used to analyze the optimal process combination. 26080549 3 42 theme electron 559:566 arg1 analysis 579:586 electron microscope analysis 559:586 electron microscope analysis (SEM) 559:592 The experiments such as drug loading, yield, particle size distribution, electron microscope analysis (SEM) , infrared spectrum (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in vitro dissolution were used to analyze the optimal process combination. 26080549 5 43 theme particle 1157:1164 arg1 μm 1199:1200 20.632 μm 1192:1200 20.632 μm 1192:1200 Under the optimal conditions, the average drug loading and yield of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles were 33.01% and 83.97%, and the average particle size of the particles was 20.632 μm. 26080549 5 43 theme particle 1157:1164 arg1 size 1166:1169 the average particle size 1145:1169 the average particle size of the particles 1145:1186 Under the optimal conditions, the average drug loading and yield of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles were 33.01% and 83.97%, and the average particle size of the particles was 20.632 μm. 26080549 3 44 theme process 718:724 arg1 combination 726:736 the optimal process combination 706:736 the optimal process combination 706:736 The experiments such as drug loading, yield, particle size distribution, electron microscope analysis (SEM) , infrared spectrum (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in vitro dissolution were used to analyze the optimal process combination. 26080549 4 45 theme curcumin 895:902 arg1 -1 926:927 -1 926:927 -1 926:927 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 45 theme curcumin 895:902 arg1 L 924:924 curcumin concentration 8 g x L 895:924 curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1) 895:928 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 45 theme curcumin 895:902 arg1 conditions 788:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 7 46 theme good 1355:1358 arg1 effect 1378:1383 good sustained-release effect 1355:1383 good sustained-release effect 1355:1383 The experiments of in vitro dissolution showed that curcumin-EC composite particles had good sustained-release effect. 26080549 1 47 theme anti-solvent 222:233 arg1 technology 235:244 supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology 204:244 supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology 204:244 Curcumin-ethyl-cellulose (EC) sustained-release composite particles were prepared by using supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology. 26080549 1 48 theme supercritical 204:216 arg1 technology 235:244 supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology 204:244 supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology 204:244 Curcumin-ethyl-cellulose (EC) sustained-release composite particles were prepared by using supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology. 26080549 7 49 theme sustained-release 1360:1376 arg1 effect 1378:1383 good sustained-release effect 1355:1383 good sustained-release effect 1355:1383 The experiments of in vitro dissolution showed that curcumin-EC composite particles had good sustained-release effect. 26080549 4 50 theme pressure 878:885 arg1 MPa 890:892 crystallization pressure 10 MPa 862:892 crystallization pressure 10 MPa 862:892 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 50 theme pressure 878:885 arg1 conditions 788:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 7 51 dep in 1286:1287 arg1 vitro 1289:1293 vitro 1289:1293 vitro 1289:1293 The experiments of in vitro dissolution showed that curcumin-EC composite particles had good sustained-release effect. 26080549 7 52 theme curcumin-EC 1319:1329 arg1 particles 1341:1349 curcumin-EC composite particles 1319:1349 curcumin-EC composite particles 1319:1349 The experiments of in vitro dissolution showed that curcumin-EC composite particles had good sustained-release effect. 26080549 2 53 theme single 335:340 arg1 tests 349:353 single factor tests 335:353 single factor tests 335:353 With drug loading and yield of inclusion complex as evaluation indexes, on the basis of single factor tests, orthogonal experimental design was used to optimize the preparation process of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles. 26080549 2 54 theme experimental 367:378 arg1 design 380:385 orthogonal experimental design 356:385 orthogonal experimental design 356:385 With drug loading and yield of inclusion complex as evaluation indexes, on the basis of single factor tests, orthogonal experimental design was used to optimize the preparation process of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles. 26080549 2 55 theme inclusion 278:286 arg1 complex 288:294 inclusion complex 278:294 inclusion complex 278:294 With drug loading and yield of inclusion complex as evaluation indexes, on the basis of single factor tests, orthogonal experimental design was used to optimize the preparation process of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles. 26080549 4 56 theme solvent 931:937 arg1 conditions 788:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 56 theme solvent 931:937 arg1 -1 962:963 -1 962:963 -1 962:963 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 56 theme solvent 931:937 arg1 min 958:960 solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min 931:960 solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1) 931:964 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 8 57 theme Curcumin-EC 1386:1396 arg1 particles 1426:1434 Curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles 1386:1434 Curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles 1386:1434 Curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles can be prepared by supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology. 26080549 5 58 theme particles 1107:1115 arg1 % 1127:1127 33.01% 1122:1127 33.01% 1122:1127 Under the optimal conditions, the average drug loading and yield of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles were 33.01% and 83.97%, and the average particle size of the particles was 20.632 μm. 26080549 5 58 theme particles 1107:1115 arg1 yield 1058:1062 yield 1058:1062 yield 1058:1062 Under the optimal conditions, the average drug loading and yield of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles were 33.01% and 83.97%, and the average particle size of the particles was 20.632 μm. 26080549 5 58 theme particles 1107:1115 arg1 loading 1046:1052 the average drug loading 1029:1052 the average drug loading 1029:1052 Under the optimal conditions, the average drug loading and yield of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles were 33.01% and 83.97%, and the average particle size of the particles was 20.632 μm. 26080549 4 59 theme x 922:922 arg1 -1 926:927 -1 926:927 -1 926:927 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 59 theme x 922:922 arg1 L 924:924 curcumin concentration 8 g x L 895:924 curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1) 895:928 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 59 theme x 922:922 arg1 conditions 788:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 8 60 theme composite 1416:1424 arg1 particles 1426:1434 Curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles 1386:1434 Curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles 1386:1434 Curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles can be prepared by supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology. 26080549 6 61 theme DSC 1210:1212 arg1 analysis 1214:1221 DSC analysis 1210:1221 DSC analysis 1210:1221 IR and DSC analysis showed that curcumin might complex with EC. 26080549 1 62 theme composite 161:169 arg1 particles 171:179 Curcumin-ethyl-cellulose (EC) sustained-release composite particles 113:179 Curcumin-ethyl-cellulose (EC) sustained-release composite particles 113:179 Curcumin-ethyl-cellulose (EC) sustained-release composite particles were prepared by using supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology. 26080549 0 63 theme anti-solvent 87:98 arg1 technology 100:109 supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology 69:109 supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology 69:109 [Preparation of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles by supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology]. 26080549 3 64 theme scanning 633:640 arg1 calorimetry 642:652 differential scanning calorimetry 620:652 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 620:658 The experiments such as drug loading, yield, particle size distribution, electron microscope analysis (SEM) , infrared spectrum (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in vitro dissolution were used to analyze the optimal process combination. 26080549 3 64 theme scanning 633:640 arg1 DSC 655:657 DSC 655:657 DSC 655:657 The experiments such as drug loading, yield, particle size distribution, electron microscope analysis (SEM) , infrared spectrum (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in vitro dissolution were used to analyze the optimal process combination. 26080549 8 65 theme supercritical 1455:1467 arg1 technology 1486:1495 supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology 1455:1495 supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology 1455:1495 Curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles can be prepared by supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology. 26080549 5 66 theme particles 1178:1186 arg1 μm 1199:1200 20.632 μm 1192:1200 20.632 μm 1192:1200 Under the optimal conditions, the average drug loading and yield of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles were 33.01% and 83.97%, and the average particle size of the particles was 20.632 μm. 26080549 5 66 theme particles 1178:1186 arg1 size 1166:1169 the average particle size 1145:1169 the average particle size of the particles 1145:1186 Under the optimal conditions, the average drug loading and yield of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles were 33.01% and 83.97%, and the average particle size of the particles was 20.632 μm. 26080549 4 67 theme rate 944:947 arg1 conditions 788:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 67 theme rate 944:947 arg1 -1 962:963 -1 962:963 -1 962:963 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 67 theme rate 944:947 arg1 min 958:960 solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min 931:960 solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1) 931:964 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 8 68 theme anti-solvent 1473:1484 arg1 technology 1486:1495 supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology 1455:1495 supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology 1455:1495 Curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles can be prepared by supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology. 26080549 4 69 theme mL 953:954 arg1 conditions 788:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 69 theme mL 953:954 arg1 -1 962:963 -1 962:963 -1 962:963 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 69 theme mL 953:954 arg1 min 958:960 solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min 931:960 solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1) 931:964 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 5 70 theme drug 1041:1044 arg1 % 1127:1127 33.01% 1122:1127 33.01% 1122:1127 Under the optimal conditions, the average drug loading and yield of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles were 33.01% and 83.97%, and the average particle size of the particles was 20.632 μm. 26080549 5 70 theme drug 1041:1044 arg1 loading 1046:1052 the average drug loading 1029:1052 the average drug loading 1029:1052 Under the optimal conditions, the average drug loading and yield of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles were 33.01% and 83.97%, and the average particle size of the particles was 20.632 μm. 26080549 4 71 theme experimental 754:765 arg1 min 958:960 solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min 931:960 solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1) 931:964 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 71 theme experimental 754:765 arg1 MPa 890:892 crystallization pressure 10 MPa 862:892 crystallization pressure 10 MPa 862:892 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 71 theme experimental 754:765 arg1 L 924:924 curcumin concentration 8 g x L 895:924 curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1) 895:928 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 71 theme experimental 754:765 arg1 follows 811:817 follows 811:817 follows 811:817 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 71 theme experimental 754:765 arg1 C 859:859 crystallization temperature 45 degrees C 820:859 crystallization temperature 45 degrees C 820:859 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 71 theme experimental 754:765 arg1 min 990:992 CO2 velocity 4 L x min 971:992 CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1) 971:996 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 71 theme experimental 754:765 arg1 conditions 788:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 0 72 theme sustained-release 28:44 arg1 particles 56:64 curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles 16:64 curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles 16:64 [Preparation of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles by supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology]. 26080549 4 73 theme x 988:988 arg1 conditions 788:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 73 theme x 988:988 arg1 -1 994:995 -1 994:995 -1 994:995 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 73 theme x 988:988 arg1 min 990:992 CO2 velocity 4 L x min 971:992 CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1) 971:996 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 3 74 theme in 664:665 arg1 dissolution 673:683 in vitro dissolution 664:683 in vitro dissolution 664:683 The experiments such as drug loading, yield, particle size distribution, electron microscope analysis (SEM) , infrared spectrum (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in vitro dissolution were used to analyze the optimal process combination. 26080549 4 75 theme process 780:786 arg1 min 958:960 solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min 931:960 solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1) 931:964 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 75 theme process 780:786 arg1 MPa 890:892 crystallization pressure 10 MPa 862:892 crystallization pressure 10 MPa 862:892 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 75 theme process 780:786 arg1 L 924:924 curcumin concentration 8 g x L 895:924 curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1) 895:928 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 75 theme process 780:786 arg1 follows 811:817 follows 811:817 follows 811:817 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 75 theme process 780:786 arg1 C 859:859 crystallization temperature 45 degrees C 820:859 crystallization temperature 45 degrees C 820:859 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 75 theme process 780:786 arg1 min 990:992 CO2 velocity 4 L x min 971:992 CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1) 971:996 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 75 theme process 780:786 arg1 conditions 788:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 2 76 theme composite 465:473 arg1 particles 475:483 curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles 435:483 curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles 435:483 With drug loading and yield of inclusion complex as evaluation indexes, on the basis of single factor tests, orthogonal experimental design was used to optimize the preparation process of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles. 26080549 0 77 theme particles 56:64 arg1 [Preparation 0:11 [Preparation 0:11 [Preparation of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles by supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology 0:109 [Preparation of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles by supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology]. 26080549 4 78 theme degrees 851:857 arg1 C 859:859 crystallization temperature 45 degrees C 820:859 crystallization temperature 45 degrees C 820:859 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 78 theme degrees 851:857 arg1 conditions 788:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 2 79 theme curcumin-EC 435:445 arg1 particles 475:483 curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles 435:483 curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles 435:483 With drug loading and yield of inclusion complex as evaluation indexes, on the basis of single factor tests, orthogonal experimental design was used to optimize the preparation process of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles. 26080549 0 80 theme supercritical 69:81 arg1 technology 100:109 supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology 69:109 supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology 69:109 [Preparation of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles by supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology]. 26080549 5 81 theme sustained-release 1079:1095 arg1 particles 1107:1115 curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles 1067:1115 curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles 1067:1115 Under the optimal conditions, the average drug loading and yield of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles were 33.01% and 83.97%, and the average particle size of the particles was 20.632 μm. 26080549 4 82 theme CO2 971:973 arg1 conditions 788:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 82 theme CO2 971:973 arg1 -1 994:995 -1 994:995 -1 994:995 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 82 theme CO2 971:973 arg1 min 990:992 CO2 velocity 4 L x min 971:992 CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1) 971:996 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 3 83 theme size 540:543 arg1 loading 515:521 drug loading 510:521 drug loading 510:521 The experiments such as drug loading, yield, particle size distribution, electron microscope analysis (SEM) , infrared spectrum (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in vitro dissolution were used to analyze the optimal process combination. 26080549 3 83 theme size 540:543 arg1 distribution 545:556 particle size distribution 531:556 particle size distribution 531:556 The experiments such as drug loading, yield, particle size distribution, electron microscope analysis (SEM) , infrared spectrum (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in vitro dissolution were used to analyze the optimal process combination. 26080549 7 84 contain had 1351:1353 arg1 particles 1341:1349 curcumin-EC composite particles 1319:1349 curcumin-EC composite particles 1319:1349 The experiments of in vitro dissolution showed that curcumin-EC composite particles had good sustained-release effect. 26080549 7 84 contain had 1351:1353 arg2 effect 1378:1383 good sustained-release effect 1355:1383 good sustained-release effect 1355:1383 The experiments of in vitro dissolution showed that curcumin-EC composite particles had good sustained-release effect. 26080549 5 85 theme average 1149:1155 arg1 μm 1199:1200 20.632 μm 1192:1200 20.632 μm 1192:1200 Under the optimal conditions, the average drug loading and yield of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles were 33.01% and 83.97%, and the average particle size of the particles was 20.632 μm. 26080549 5 85 theme average 1149:1155 arg1 size 1166:1169 the average particle size 1145:1169 the average particle size of the particles 1145:1186 Under the optimal conditions, the average drug loading and yield of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles were 33.01% and 83.97%, and the average particle size of the particles was 20.632 μm. 26080549 3 86 theme optimal 710:716 arg1 combination 726:736 the optimal process combination 706:736 the optimal process combination 706:736 The experiments such as drug loading, yield, particle size distribution, electron microscope analysis (SEM) , infrared spectrum (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in vitro dissolution were used to analyze the optimal process combination. 26080549 4 87 theme temperature 836:846 arg1 C 859:859 crystallization temperature 45 degrees C 820:859 crystallization temperature 45 degrees C 820:859 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 4 87 theme temperature 836:846 arg1 conditions 788:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions 739:797 The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). 26080549 3 88 theme microscope 568:577 arg1 SEM 589:591 SEM 589:591 SEM 589:591 The experiments such as drug loading, yield, particle size distribution, electron microscope analysis (SEM) , infrared spectrum (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in vitro dissolution were used to analyze the optimal process combination. 26080549 3 88 theme microscope 568:577 arg1 analysis 579:586 electron microscope analysis 559:586 electron microscope analysis (SEM) 559:592 The experiments such as drug loading, yield, particle size distribution, electron microscope analysis (SEM) , infrared spectrum (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in vitro dissolution were used to analyze the optimal process combination. 24072265 9 0 theme time-consuming 1406:1419 arg1 series 1440:1445 time-consuming and cost-intensive series 1406:1445 time-consuming and cost-intensive series of trial-and-error experiments 1406:1476 CONCLUSIONS In silico simulations can help facilitating the optimization of the novel ethanol-resistant polymeric film coatings, avoiding time-consuming and cost-intensive series of trial-and-error experiments. 24072265 5 1 theme ethanol-containing 750:767 arg1 fluids 774:779 ethanol-free and ethanol-containing bulk fluids 733:779 ethanol-free and ethanol-containing bulk fluids 733:779 Based on the obtained experimental results a mechanistically realistic mathematical model was identified and used to quantitatively predict drug release from coated pellets in ethanol-free and ethanol-containing bulk fluids. 24072265 10 2 theme drug 1542:1545 arg1 mechanisms 1555:1564 the underlying drug release mechanisms 1527:1564 the underlying drug release mechanisms 1527:1564 The presence/absence of ethanol does not affect the underlying drug release mechanisms. 24072265 9 3 dep coatings 1387:1394 arg1 avoiding 1397:1404 avoiding 1397:1404 avoiding time-consuming and cost-intensive series of trial-and-error experiments 1397:1476 CONCLUSIONS In silico simulations can help facilitating the optimization of the novel ethanol-resistant polymeric film coatings, avoiding time-consuming and cost-intensive series of trial-and-error experiments. 24072265 6 4 theme surrounding 973:983 arg1 environment 985:995 the surrounding environment 969:995 the surrounding environment 969:995 RESULTS Drug diffusion though the intact polymeric film coatings is likely to be the dominant mass transport mechanism in the investigated systems, irrespective of the ethanol content in the surrounding environment. 24072265 9 5 theme coatings 1387:1394 arg1 optimization 1328:1339 the optimization 1324:1339 the optimization of the novel ethanol-resistant polymeric film coatings, avoiding time-consuming and cost-intensive series of trial-and-error experiments 1324:1476 CONCLUSIONS In silico simulations can help facilitating the optimization of the novel ethanol-resistant polymeric film coatings, avoiding time-consuming and cost-intensive series of trial-and-error experiments. 24072265 6 6 theme transport 881:889 arg1 mechanism 891:899 the dominant mass transport mechanism 863:899 the dominant mass transport mechanism in the investigated systems 863:927 RESULTS Drug diffusion though the intact polymeric film coatings is likely to be the dominant mass transport mechanism in the investigated systems, irrespective of the ethanol content in the surrounding environment. 24072265 6 6 theme transport 881:889 arg1 diffusion 795:803 Drug diffusion 790:803 Drug diffusion though the intact polymeric film coatings 790:845 RESULTS Drug diffusion though the intact polymeric film coatings is likely to be the dominant mass transport mechanism in the investigated systems, irrespective of the ethanol content in the surrounding environment. 24072265 7 7 theme guar 1147:1150 arg1 gum 1152:1154 guar gum 1147:1154 guar gum 1147:1154 An appropriate solution of Fick's law could be used to quantitatively predict theophylline release from pellets coated with different ethylcellulose:guar gum blends at different coating levels. 24072265 3 8 theme various 387:393 arg1 media 403:407 various release media 387:407 various release media 387:407 Drug release from single pellets and ensembles of pellets was measured in various release media. 24072265 4 9 theme texture 539:545 arg1 analyzer 547:554 SEM, gravimetrical analysis and a texture analyzer 505:554 SEM, gravimetrical analysis and a texture analyzer 505:554 Changes in the systems' morphology, composition and mechanical properties were monitored using SEM, gravimetrical analysis and a texture analyzer. 24072265 5 10 theme coated 715:720 arg1 pellets 722:728 coated pellets 715:728 coated pellets 715:728 Based on the obtained experimental results a mechanistically realistic mathematical model was identified and used to quantitatively predict drug release from coated pellets in ethanol-free and ethanol-containing bulk fluids. 24072265 6 11 theme mass 876:879 arg1 mechanism 891:899 the dominant mass transport mechanism 863:899 the dominant mass transport mechanism in the investigated systems 863:927 RESULTS Drug diffusion though the intact polymeric film coatings is likely to be the dominant mass transport mechanism in the investigated systems, irrespective of the ethanol content in the surrounding environment. 24072265 6 11 theme mass 876:879 arg1 diffusion 795:803 Drug diffusion 790:803 Drug diffusion though the intact polymeric film coatings 790:845 RESULTS Drug diffusion though the intact polymeric film coatings is likely to be the dominant mass transport mechanism in the investigated systems, irrespective of the ethanol content in the surrounding environment. 24072265 6 12 theme Drug 790:793 arg1 mechanism 891:899 the dominant mass transport mechanism 863:899 the dominant mass transport mechanism in the investigated systems 863:927 RESULTS Drug diffusion though the intact polymeric film coatings is likely to be the dominant mass transport mechanism in the investigated systems, irrespective of the ethanol content in the surrounding environment. 24072265 6 12 theme Drug 790:793 arg1 diffusion 795:803 Drug diffusion 790:803 Drug diffusion though the intact polymeric film coatings 790:845 RESULTS Drug diffusion though the intact polymeric film coatings is likely to be the dominant mass transport mechanism in the investigated systems, irrespective of the ethanol content in the surrounding environment. 24072265 9 13 theme cost-intensive 1425:1438 arg1 series 1440:1445 time-consuming and cost-intensive series 1406:1445 time-consuming and cost-intensive series of trial-and-error experiments 1406:1476 CONCLUSIONS In silico simulations can help facilitating the optimization of the novel ethanol-resistant polymeric film coatings, avoiding time-consuming and cost-intensive series of trial-and-error experiments. 24072265 3 14 theme release 395:401 arg1 media 403:407 various release media 387:407 various release media 387:407 Drug release from single pellets and ensembles of pellets was measured in various release media. 24072265 6 15 theme film 833:836 arg1 coatings 838:845 the intact polymeric film coatings 812:845 the intact polymeric film coatings 812:845 RESULTS Drug diffusion though the intact polymeric film coatings is likely to be the dominant mass transport mechanism in the investigated systems, irrespective of the ethanol content in the surrounding environment. 24072265 6 16 theme dominant 867:874 arg1 mechanism 891:899 the dominant mass transport mechanism 863:899 the dominant mass transport mechanism in the investigated systems 863:927 RESULTS Drug diffusion though the intact polymeric film coatings is likely to be the dominant mass transport mechanism in the investigated systems, irrespective of the ethanol content in the surrounding environment. 24072265 6 16 theme dominant 867:874 arg1 diffusion 795:803 Drug diffusion 790:803 Drug diffusion though the intact polymeric film coatings 790:845 RESULTS Drug diffusion though the intact polymeric film coatings is likely to be the dominant mass transport mechanism in the investigated systems, irrespective of the ethanol content in the surrounding environment. 24072265 4 17 theme SEM 505:507 arg1 analyzer 547:554 SEM, gravimetrical analysis and a texture analyzer 505:554 SEM, gravimetrical analysis and a texture analyzer 505:554 Changes in the systems' morphology, composition and mechanical properties were monitored using SEM, gravimetrical analysis and a texture analyzer. 24072265 7 18 theme different 1166:1174 arg1 levels 1184:1189 different coating levels 1166:1189 different coating levels 1166:1189 An appropriate solution of Fick's law could be used to quantitatively predict theophylline release from pellets coated with different ethylcellulose:guar gum blends at different coating levels. 24072265 6 19 from content 958:964 arg1 environment 985:995 the surrounding environment 969:995 the surrounding environment 969:995 RESULTS Drug diffusion though the intact polymeric film coatings is likely to be the dominant mass transport mechanism in the investigated systems, irrespective of the ethanol content in the surrounding environment. 24072265 4 20 theme analysis 524:531 arg1 analyzer 547:554 SEM, gravimetrical analysis and a texture analyzer 505:554 SEM, gravimetrical analysis and a texture analyzer 505:554 Changes in the systems' morphology, composition and mechanical properties were monitored using SEM, gravimetrical analysis and a texture analyzer. 24072265 7 21 theme coating 1176:1182 arg1 levels 1184:1189 different coating levels 1166:1189 different coating levels 1166:1189 An appropriate solution of Fick's law could be used to quantitatively predict theophylline release from pellets coated with different ethylcellulose:guar gum blends at different coating levels. 24072265 9 22 dep ethanol-resistant 1354:1370 arg1 polymeric 1372:1380 polymeric 1372:1380 polymeric 1372:1380 CONCLUSIONS In silico simulations can help facilitating the optimization of the novel ethanol-resistant polymeric film coatings, avoiding time-consuming and cost-intensive series of trial-and-error experiments. 24072265 2 23 theme matrix 248:253 arg1 pellets 255:261 Theophylline matrix pellets 235:261 Theophylline matrix pellets 235:261 METHODS Theophylline matrix pellets were coated with ethylcellulose: guar gum blends. 24072265 9 24 from CONCLUSIONS 1268:1278 arg1 simulations 1290:1300 silico simulations 1283:1300 silico simulations 1283:1300 CONCLUSIONS In silico simulations can help facilitating the optimization of the novel ethanol-resistant polymeric film coatings, avoiding time-consuming and cost-intensive series of trial-and-error experiments. 24072265 4 25 theme gravimetrical 510:522 arg1 analysis 524:531 gravimetrical analysis 510:531 gravimetrical analysis 510:531 Changes in the systems' morphology, composition and mechanical properties were monitored using SEM, gravimetrical analysis and a texture analyzer. 24072265 7 26 theme different 1122:1130 arg1 ethylcellulose 1132:1145 different ethylcellulose 1122:1145 different ethylcellulose 1122:1145 An appropriate solution of Fick's law could be used to quantitatively predict theophylline release from pellets coated with different ethylcellulose:guar gum blends at different coating levels. 24072265 5 27 theme realistic 618:626 arg1 model 641:645 a mechanistically realistic mathematical model 600:645 a mechanistically realistic mathematical model 600:645 Based on the obtained experimental results a mechanistically realistic mathematical model was identified and used to quantitatively predict drug release from coated pellets in ethanol-free and ethanol-containing bulk fluids. 24072265 5 28 theme ethanol-free 733:744 arg1 fluids 774:779 ethanol-free and ethanol-containing bulk fluids 733:779 ethanol-free and ethanol-containing bulk fluids 733:779 Based on the obtained experimental results a mechanistically realistic mathematical model was identified and used to quantitatively predict drug release from coated pellets in ethanol-free and ethanol-containing bulk fluids. 24072265 1 29 theme film 212:215 arg1 coatings 217:224 recently proposed, ethanol-resistant, polymeric film coatings 164:224 recently proposed, ethanol-resistant, polymeric film coatings 164:224 PURPOSE To elucidate the mass transport mechanisms controlling drug release from recently proposed, ethanol-resistant, polymeric film coatings. 24072265 9 30 theme experiments 1466:1476 arg1 series 1440:1445 time-consuming and cost-intensive series 1406:1445 time-consuming and cost-intensive series of trial-and-error experiments 1406:1476 CONCLUSIONS In silico simulations can help facilitating the optimization of the novel ethanol-resistant polymeric film coatings, avoiding time-consuming and cost-intensive series of trial-and-error experiments. 24072265 9 31 theme silico 1283:1288 arg1 simulations 1290:1300 silico simulations 1283:1300 silico simulations 1283:1300 CONCLUSIONS In silico simulations can help facilitating the optimization of the novel ethanol-resistant polymeric film coatings, avoiding time-consuming and cost-intensive series of trial-and-error experiments. 24072265 5 32 theme drug 697:700 arg1 release 702:708 drug release 697:708 drug release from coated pellets in ethanol-free and ethanol-containing bulk fluids 697:779 Based on the obtained experimental results a mechanistically realistic mathematical model was identified and used to quantitatively predict drug release from coated pellets in ethanol-free and ethanol-containing bulk fluids. 24072265 5 33 theme mathematical 628:639 arg1 model 641:645 a mechanistically realistic mathematical model 600:645 a mechanistically realistic mathematical model 600:645 Based on the obtained experimental results a mechanistically realistic mathematical model was identified and used to quantitatively predict drug release from coated pellets in ethanol-free and ethanol-containing bulk fluids. 24072265 1 34 theme mass 108:111 arg1 mechanisms 123:132 the mass transport mechanisms 104:132 the mass transport mechanisms controlling drug release from recently proposed, ethanol-resistant, polymeric film coatings 104:224 PURPOSE To elucidate the mass transport mechanisms controlling drug release from recently proposed, ethanol-resistant, polymeric film coatings. 24072265 5 35 used used 666:669 arg2 model 641:645 a mechanistically realistic mathematical model 600:645 a mechanistically realistic mathematical model 600:645 Based on the obtained experimental results a mechanistically realistic mathematical model was identified and used to quantitatively predict drug release from coated pellets in ethanol-free and ethanol-containing bulk fluids. 24072265 10 36 theme ethanol 1503:1509 arg1 presence/absence 1483:1498 The presence/absence 1479:1498 The presence/absence of ethanol 1479:1509 The presence/absence of ethanol does not affect the underlying drug release mechanisms. 24072265 6 37 dep RESULTS 782:788 arg1 likely 850:855 likely 850:855 likely 850:855 RESULTS Drug diffusion though the intact polymeric film coatings is likely to be the dominant mass transport mechanism in the investigated systems, irrespective of the ethanol content in the surrounding environment. 24072265 3 38 theme Drug 313:316 arg1 release 318:324 Drug release 313:324 Drug release from single pellets and ensembles of pellets 313:369 Drug release from single pellets and ensembles of pellets was measured in various release media. 24072265 7 39 theme appropriate 1001:1011 arg1 solution 1013:1020 An appropriate solution 998:1020 An appropriate solution of Fick's law 998:1034 An appropriate solution of Fick's law could be used to quantitatively predict theophylline release from pellets coated with different ethylcellulose:guar gum blends at different coating levels. 24072265 1 40 theme transport 113:121 arg1 mechanisms 123:132 the mass transport mechanisms 104:132 the mass transport mechanisms controlling drug release from recently proposed, ethanol-resistant, polymeric film coatings 104:224 PURPOSE To elucidate the mass transport mechanisms controlling drug release from recently proposed, ethanol-resistant, polymeric film coatings. 24072265 7 41 theme law 1032:1034 arg1 solution 1013:1020 An appropriate solution 998:1020 An appropriate solution of Fick's law 998:1034 An appropriate solution of Fick's law could be used to quantitatively predict theophylline release from pellets coated with different ethylcellulose:guar gum blends at different coating levels. 24072265 4 42 from Changes 410:416 arg1 composition 446:456 composition 446:456 composition 446:456 Changes in the systems' morphology, composition and mechanical properties were monitored using SEM, gravimetrical analysis and a texture analyzer. 24072265 4 42 from Changes 410:416 arg1 properties 473:482 mechanical properties 462:482 mechanical properties 462:482 Changes in the systems' morphology, composition and mechanical properties were monitored using SEM, gravimetrical analysis and a texture analyzer. 24072265 4 42 from Changes 410:416 arg1 morphology 434:443 the systems' morphology 421:443 the systems' morphology 421:443 Changes in the systems' morphology, composition and mechanical properties were monitored using SEM, gravimetrical analysis and a texture analyzer. 24072265 6 43 theme investigated 908:919 arg1 systems 921:927 the investigated systems 904:927 the investigated systems 904:927 RESULTS Drug diffusion though the intact polymeric film coatings is likely to be the dominant mass transport mechanism in the investigated systems, irrespective of the ethanol content in the surrounding environment. 24072265 10 44 theme release 1547:1553 arg1 mechanisms 1555:1564 the underlying drug release mechanisms 1527:1564 the underlying drug release mechanisms 1527:1564 The presence/absence of ethanol does not affect the underlying drug release mechanisms. 24072265 1 45 dep proposed 173:180 arg1 polymeric 202:210 polymeric 202:210 polymeric 202:210 PURPOSE To elucidate the mass transport mechanisms controlling drug release from recently proposed, ethanol-resistant, polymeric film coatings. 24072265 1 45 dep proposed 173:180 arg1 ethanol-resistant 183:199 ethanol-resistant 183:199 ethanol-resistant 183:199 PURPOSE To elucidate the mass transport mechanisms controlling drug release from recently proposed, ethanol-resistant, polymeric film coatings. 24072265 0 46 theme ethanol-resistant 49:65 arg1 pellets 74:80 ethanol-resistant coated pellets 49:80 ethanol-resistant coated pellets 49:80 Mechanisms controlling theophylline release from ethanol-resistant coated pellets. 24072265 6 47 theme ethanol 950:956 arg1 content 958:964 the ethanol content 946:964 the ethanol content in the surrounding environment 946:995 RESULTS Drug diffusion though the intact polymeric film coatings is likely to be the dominant mass transport mechanism in the investigated systems, irrespective of the ethanol content in the surrounding environment. 24072265 6 48 from mechanism 891:899 arg1 systems 921:927 the investigated systems 904:927 the investigated systems 904:927 RESULTS Drug diffusion though the intact polymeric film coatings is likely to be the dominant mass transport mechanism in the investigated systems, irrespective of the ethanol content in the surrounding environment. 24072265 9 49 theme novel 1348:1352 arg1 coatings 1387:1394 the novel ethanol-resistant polymeric film coatings 1344:1394 the novel ethanol-resistant polymeric film coatings 1344:1394 CONCLUSIONS In silico simulations can help facilitating the optimization of the novel ethanol-resistant polymeric film coatings, avoiding time-consuming and cost-intensive series of trial-and-error experiments. 24072265 5 50 theme obtained 570:577 arg1 results 592:598 the obtained experimental results 566:598 the obtained experimental results 566:598 Based on the obtained experimental results a mechanistically realistic mathematical model was identified and used to quantitatively predict drug release from coated pellets in ethanol-free and ethanol-containing bulk fluids. 24072265 5 51 from pellets 722:728 arg1 release 702:708 drug release 697:708 drug release from coated pellets in ethanol-free and ethanol-containing bulk fluids 697:779 Based on the obtained experimental results a mechanistically realistic mathematical model was identified and used to quantitatively predict drug release from coated pellets in ethanol-free and ethanol-containing bulk fluids. 24072265 9 52 theme ethanol-resistant 1354:1370 arg1 coatings 1387:1394 the novel ethanol-resistant polymeric film coatings 1344:1394 the novel ethanol-resistant polymeric film coatings 1344:1394 CONCLUSIONS In silico simulations can help facilitating the optimization of the novel ethanol-resistant polymeric film coatings, avoiding time-consuming and cost-intensive series of trial-and-error experiments. 24072265 5 53 theme experimental 579:590 arg1 results 592:598 the obtained experimental results 566:598 the obtained experimental results 566:598 Based on the obtained experimental results a mechanistically realistic mathematical model was identified and used to quantitatively predict drug release from coated pellets in ethanol-free and ethanol-containing bulk fluids. 24072265 0 54 theme coated 67:72 arg1 pellets 74:80 ethanol-resistant coated pellets 49:80 ethanol-resistant coated pellets 49:80 Mechanisms controlling theophylline release from ethanol-resistant coated pellets. 24072265 5 55 from release 702:708 arg1 fluids 774:779 ethanol-free and ethanol-containing bulk fluids 733:779 ethanol-free and ethanol-containing bulk fluids 733:779 Based on the obtained experimental results a mechanistically realistic mathematical model was identified and used to quantitatively predict drug release from coated pellets in ethanol-free and ethanol-containing bulk fluids. 24072265 5 56 theme bulk 769:772 arg1 fluids 774:779 ethanol-free and ethanol-containing bulk fluids 733:779 ethanol-free and ethanol-containing bulk fluids 733:779 Based on the obtained experimental results a mechanistically realistic mathematical model was identified and used to quantitatively predict drug release from coated pellets in ethanol-free and ethanol-containing bulk fluids. 24072265 3 57 from ensembles 350:358 arg1 release 318:324 Drug release 313:324 Drug release from single pellets and ensembles of pellets 313:369 Drug release from single pellets and ensembles of pellets was measured in various release media. 24072265 9 58 theme film 1382:1385 arg1 coatings 1387:1394 the novel ethanol-resistant polymeric film coatings 1344:1394 the novel ethanol-resistant polymeric film coatings 1344:1394 CONCLUSIONS In silico simulations can help facilitating the optimization of the novel ethanol-resistant polymeric film coatings, avoiding time-consuming and cost-intensive series of trial-and-error experiments. 24072265 6 59 theme polymeric 823:831 arg1 coatings 838:845 the intact polymeric film coatings 812:845 the intact polymeric film coatings 812:845 RESULTS Drug diffusion though the intact polymeric film coatings is likely to be the dominant mass transport mechanism in the investigated systems, irrespective of the ethanol content in the surrounding environment. 24072265 1 60 theme drug 146:149 arg1 release 151:157 drug release 146:157 drug release from recently proposed, ethanol-resistant, polymeric film coatings 146:224 PURPOSE To elucidate the mass transport mechanisms controlling drug release from recently proposed, ethanol-resistant, polymeric film coatings. 24072265 9 61 theme trial-and-error 1450:1464 arg1 experiments 1466:1476 trial-and-error experiments 1450:1476 trial-and-error experiments 1450:1476 CONCLUSIONS In silico simulations can help facilitating the optimization of the novel ethanol-resistant polymeric film coatings, avoiding time-consuming and cost-intensive series of trial-and-error experiments. 24072265 2 62 theme Theophylline 235:246 arg1 pellets 255:261 Theophylline matrix pellets 235:261 Theophylline matrix pellets 235:261 METHODS Theophylline matrix pellets were coated with ethylcellulose: guar gum blends. 24072265 6 63 theme intact 816:821 arg1 coatings 838:845 the intact polymeric film coatings 812:845 the intact polymeric film coatings 812:845 RESULTS Drug diffusion though the intact polymeric film coatings is likely to be the dominant mass transport mechanism in the investigated systems, irrespective of the ethanol content in the surrounding environment. 24072265 2 64 dep METHODS 227:233 arg1 coated 268:273 coated 268:273 were coated with ethylcellulose 263:293 METHODS Theophylline matrix pellets were coated with ethylcellulose: guar gum blends. 24072265 2 64 dep METHODS 227:233 arg1 gum 301:303 guar gum blends 296:310 METHODS Theophylline matrix pellets were coated with ethylcellulose: guar gum blends. 227:311 METHODS Theophylline matrix pellets were coated with ethylcellulose: guar gum blends. 24072265 3 65 theme single 331:336 arg1 pellets 338:344 single pellets 331:344 single pellets 331:344 Drug release from single pellets and ensembles of pellets was measured in various release media. 24072265 4 66 theme mechanical 462:471 arg1 properties 473:482 mechanical properties 462:482 mechanical properties 462:482 Changes in the systems' morphology, composition and mechanical properties were monitored using SEM, gravimetrical analysis and a texture analyzer. 24072265 2 67 theme guar 296:299 arg1 gum 301:303 guar gum blends 296:310 METHODS Theophylline matrix pellets were coated with ethylcellulose: guar gum blends. 227:311 METHODS Theophylline matrix pellets were coated with ethylcellulose: guar gum blends. 24072265 7 68 from pellets 1102:1108 arg1 release 1089:1095 theophylline release 1076:1095 theophylline release from pellets coated with different ethylcellulose 1076:1145 An appropriate solution of Fick's law could be used to quantitatively predict theophylline release from pellets coated with different ethylcellulose:guar gum blends at different coating levels. 24072265 3 69 theme pellets 363:369 arg1 ensembles 350:358 ensembles 350:358 ensembles of pellets 350:369 Drug release from single pellets and ensembles of pellets was measured in various release media. 24072265 3 69 theme pellets 363:369 arg1 pellets 338:344 single pellets 331:344 single pellets 331:344 Drug release from single pellets and ensembles of pellets was measured in various release media. 24072265 7 70 theme theophylline 1076:1087 arg1 release 1089:1095 theophylline release 1076:1095 theophylline release from pellets coated with different ethylcellulose 1076:1145 An appropriate solution of Fick's law could be used to quantitatively predict theophylline release from pellets coated with different ethylcellulose:guar gum blends at different coating levels. 24072265 1 71 from coatings 217:224 arg1 release 151:157 drug release 146:157 drug release from recently proposed, ethanol-resistant, polymeric film coatings 146:224 PURPOSE To elucidate the mass transport mechanisms controlling drug release from recently proposed, ethanol-resistant, polymeric film coatings. 24072265 10 72 theme underlying 1531:1540 arg1 mechanisms 1555:1564 the underlying drug release mechanisms 1527:1564 the underlying drug release mechanisms 1527:1564 The presence/absence of ethanol does not affect the underlying drug release mechanisms. 24072265 3 73 from pellets 338:344 arg1 release 318:324 Drug release 313:324 Drug release from single pellets and ensembles of pellets 313:369 Drug release from single pellets and ensembles of pellets was measured in various release media. 24072265 8 74 theme independent 1205:1215 arg1 experiments 1217:1227 independent experiments 1205:1227 independent experiments 1205:1227 Importantly, independent experiments confirmed the theoretical predictions. 24072265 4 75 theme a 537:537 arg1 texture 539:545 a texture 537:545 a texture 537:545 Changes in the systems' morphology, composition and mechanical properties were monitored using SEM, gravimetrical analysis and a texture analyzer. 24072265 1 76 theme proposed 173:180 arg1 coatings 217:224 recently proposed, ethanol-resistant, polymeric film coatings 164:224 recently proposed, ethanol-resistant, polymeric film coatings 164:224 PURPOSE To elucidate the mass transport mechanisms controlling drug release from recently proposed, ethanol-resistant, polymeric film coatings. 24072265 7 77 used used 1045:1048 arg2 solution 1013:1020 An appropriate solution 998:1020 An appropriate solution of Fick's law 998:1034 An appropriate solution of Fick's law could be used to quantitatively predict theophylline release from pellets coated with different ethylcellulose:guar gum blends at different coating levels. 24072265 8 78 theme theoretical 1243:1253 arg1 predictions 1255:1265 the theoretical predictions 1239:1265 the theoretical predictions 1239:1265 Importantly, independent experiments confirmed the theoretical predictions. 25829049 0 0 theme delivery 81:88 arg1 systems 90:96 polysaccharide based colon specific delivery systems 45:96 polysaccharide based colon specific delivery systems 45:96 A novel dissolution method for evaluation of polysaccharide based colon specific delivery systems: A suitable alternative to animal sacrifice. 25829049 2 1 theme dissolution 458:468 arg1 pattern 470:476 its in-vivo dissolution pattern 446:476 its in-vivo dissolution pattern 446:476 For polysaccharide based, colon targeted oral delivery systems, the entire path of the gut traversed by the dosage form needs to be simulated for assessing its in-vivo dissolution pattern. 25829049 7 2 contain containing 1133:1142 arg2 contents 1158:1165 rodent caecal contents 1144:1165 rodent caecal contents 1144:1165 Release profiles of drug from colon targeted delivery systems in this medium were studied and compared to those generated in the conventionally used media containing rodent caecal contents and human faecal slurry. 25829049 7 2 contain containing 1133:1142 arg1 media 1127:1131 the conventionally used media 1103:1131 the conventionally used media containing rodent caecal contents and human faecal slurry 1103:1189 Release profiles of drug from colon targeted delivery systems in this medium were studied and compared to those generated in the conventionally used media containing rodent caecal contents and human faecal slurry. 25829049 7 2 contain containing 1133:1142 arg2 slurry 1184:1189 human faecal slurry 1171:1189 human faecal slurry 1171:1189 Release profiles of drug from colon targeted delivery systems in this medium were studied and compared to those generated in the conventionally used media containing rodent caecal contents and human faecal slurry. 25829049 9 3 theme objective 1421:1429 arg1 3Rs 1417:1419 the 3Rs 1413:1419 the 3Rs objective regarding the ethical use of animals 1413:1466 These findings suggest that the proposed medium may prove to be useful not only as a biorelevant and discriminatory method but may also help in achieving the 3Rs objective regarding the ethical use of animals. 25829049 0 4 theme specific 72:79 arg1 systems 90:96 polysaccharide based colon specific delivery systems 45:96 polysaccharide based colon specific delivery systems 45:96 A novel dissolution method for evaluation of polysaccharide based colon specific delivery systems: A suitable alternative to animal sacrifice. 25829049 7 5 theme human 1171:1175 arg1 slurry 1184:1189 human faecal slurry 1171:1189 human faecal slurry 1171:1189 Release profiles of drug from colon targeted delivery systems in this medium were studied and compared to those generated in the conventionally used media containing rodent caecal contents and human faecal slurry. 25829049 1 6 theme administered 240:251 arg1 forms 260:264 its orally administered dosage forms 229:264 its orally administered dosage forms 229:264 The most extensively used test for predicting in-vivo release kinetics of a drug from its orally administered dosage forms is dissolution testing. 25829049 7 7 theme used 1122:1125 arg1 media 1127:1131 the conventionally used media 1103:1131 the conventionally used media containing rodent caecal contents and human faecal slurry 1103:1189 Release profiles of drug from colon targeted delivery systems in this medium were studied and compared to those generated in the conventionally used media containing rodent caecal contents and human faecal slurry. 25829049 8 8 from studies 1219:1225 arg1 similar 1250:1256 similar 1250:1256 similar 1250:1256 The results from the three studies were found to be quite similar. 25829049 8 8 from studies 1219:1225 arg1 results 1196:1202 The results 1192:1202 The results from the three studies 1192:1225 The results from the three studies were found to be quite similar. 25829049 1 9 theme dosage 253:258 arg1 forms 260:264 its orally administered dosage forms 229:264 its orally administered dosage forms 229:264 The most extensively used test for predicting in-vivo release kinetics of a drug from its orally administered dosage forms is dissolution testing. 25829049 0 10 theme systems 90:96 arg1 evaluation 31:40 evaluation 31:40 evaluation of polysaccharide based colon specific delivery systems 31:96 A novel dissolution method for evaluation of polysaccharide based colon specific delivery systems: A suitable alternative to animal sacrifice. 25829049 9 11 theme ethical 1445:1451 arg1 use 1453:1455 the ethical use 1441:1455 the ethical use of animals 1441:1466 These findings suggest that the proposed medium may prove to be useful not only as a biorelevant and discriminatory method but may also help in achieving the 3Rs objective regarding the ethical use of animals. 25829049 3 12 theme simulated 533:541 arg1 fluid 551:555 simulated gastric fluid 533:555 simulated gastric fluid (SGF) 533:561 This includes the dissolution testing sequentially in simulated gastric fluid (SGF), simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) and simulated colonic fluid (SCF). 25829049 3 12 theme simulated 533:541 arg1 SGF 558:560 SGF 558:560 SGF 558:560 This includes the dissolution testing sequentially in simulated gastric fluid (SGF), simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) and simulated colonic fluid (SCF). 25829049 9 13 theme discriminatory 1360:1373 arg1 method 1375:1380 a biorelevant and discriminatory method 1342:1380 a biorelevant and discriminatory method 1342:1380 These findings suggest that the proposed medium may prove to be useful not only as a biorelevant and discriminatory method but may also help in achieving the 3Rs objective regarding the ethical use of animals. 25829049 5 14 theme faecal 797:802 arg1 slurry 804:809 human faecal slurry 791:809 human faecal slurry 791:809 However, preparation of SCF requires addition of either the colonic contents of rodents or human faecal slurry. 25829049 0 15 theme suitable 101:108 arg1 alternative 110:120 A suitable alternative 99:120 A novel dissolution method for evaluation of polysaccharide based colon specific delivery systems: A suitable alternative to animal sacrifice. 0:141 A novel dissolution method for evaluation of polysaccharide based colon specific delivery systems: A suitable alternative to animal sacrifice. 25829049 4 16 theme simple 649:654 arg1 composition 673:683 simple and standardized composition 649:683 simple and standardized composition 649:683 For SGF and SIF, simple and standardized composition is well-known. 25829049 7 17 theme targeted 1014:1021 arg1 systems 1032:1038 colon targeted delivery systems 1008:1038 colon targeted delivery systems in this medium 1008:1053 Release profiles of drug from colon targeted delivery systems in this medium were studied and compared to those generated in the conventionally used media containing rodent caecal contents and human faecal slurry. 25829049 5 18 theme rodents 780:786 arg1 slurry 804:809 human faecal slurry 791:809 human faecal slurry 791:809 However, preparation of SCF requires addition of either the colonic contents of rodents or human faecal slurry. 25829049 5 18 theme rodents 780:786 arg1 contents 768:775 the colonic contents 756:775 the colonic contents of rodents 756:786 However, preparation of SCF requires addition of either the colonic contents of rodents or human faecal slurry. 25829049 1 19 theme used 164:167 arg1 test 169:172 The most extensively used test 143:172 The most extensively used test for predicting in-vivo release kinetics of a drug from its orally administered dosage forms 143:264 The most extensively used test for predicting in-vivo release kinetics of a drug from its orally administered dosage forms is dissolution testing. 25829049 1 19 theme used 164:167 arg1 dissolution 269:279 dissolution 269:279 dissolution testing 269:287 The most extensively used test for predicting in-vivo release kinetics of a drug from its orally administered dosage forms is dissolution testing. 25829049 6 20 theme prebiotic 901:909 arg1 presence 887:894 the presence 883:894 the presence of a prebiotic 883:909 A method is proposed, wherein a mixture of five probiotics cultured in the presence of a prebiotic under anaerobic conditions is able to surrogate the colonic fluid. 25829049 7 21 theme delivery 1023:1030 arg1 systems 1032:1038 colon targeted delivery systems 1008:1038 colon targeted delivery systems in this medium 1008:1053 Release profiles of drug from colon targeted delivery systems in this medium were studied and compared to those generated in the conventionally used media containing rodent caecal contents and human faecal slurry. 25829049 5 22 theme slurry 804:809 arg1 addition 737:744 addition 737:744 addition of either the colonic contents of rodents or human faecal slurry 737:809 However, preparation of SCF requires addition of either the colonic contents of rodents or human faecal slurry. 25829049 0 23 theme novel 2:6 arg1 method 20:25 A novel dissolution method 0:25 A novel dissolution method for evaluation of polysaccharide based colon specific delivery systems: A suitable alternative to animal sacrifice. 0:141 A novel dissolution method for evaluation of polysaccharide based colon specific delivery systems: A suitable alternative to animal sacrifice. 25829049 2 24 theme in-vivo 450:456 arg1 pattern 470:476 its in-vivo dissolution pattern 446:476 its in-vivo dissolution pattern 446:476 For polysaccharide based, colon targeted oral delivery systems, the entire path of the gut traversed by the dosage form needs to be simulated for assessing its in-vivo dissolution pattern. 25829049 7 25 theme rodent 1144:1149 arg1 contents 1158:1165 rodent caecal contents 1144:1165 rodent caecal contents 1144:1165 Release profiles of drug from colon targeted delivery systems in this medium were studied and compared to those generated in the conventionally used media containing rodent caecal contents and human faecal slurry. 25829049 7 26 theme caecal 1151:1156 arg1 contents 1158:1165 rodent caecal contents 1144:1165 rodent caecal contents 1144:1165 Release profiles of drug from colon targeted delivery systems in this medium were studied and compared to those generated in the conventionally used media containing rodent caecal contents and human faecal slurry. 25829049 9 27 theme animals 1460:1466 arg1 use 1453:1455 the ethical use 1441:1455 the ethical use of animals 1441:1466 These findings suggest that the proposed medium may prove to be useful not only as a biorelevant and discriminatory method but may also help in achieving the 3Rs objective regarding the ethical use of animals. 25829049 9 28 theme biorelevant 1344:1354 arg1 method 1375:1380 a biorelevant and discriminatory method 1342:1380 a biorelevant and discriminatory method 1342:1380 These findings suggest that the proposed medium may prove to be useful not only as a biorelevant and discriminatory method but may also help in achieving the 3Rs objective regarding the ethical use of animals. 25829049 7 29 theme colon 1008:1012 arg1 systems 1032:1038 colon targeted delivery systems 1008:1038 colon targeted delivery systems in this medium 1008:1053 Release profiles of drug from colon targeted delivery systems in this medium were studied and compared to those generated in the conventionally used media containing rodent caecal contents and human faecal slurry. 25829049 6 30 dep wherein 834:840 arg1 able 941:944 able 941:944 able 941:944 A method is proposed, wherein a mixture of five probiotics cultured in the presence of a prebiotic under anaerobic conditions is able to surrogate the colonic fluid. 25829049 6 30 dep wherein 834:840 arg1 mixture 844:850 a mixture 842:850 a mixture of five probiotics cultured in the presence of a prebiotic under anaerobic conditions 842:936 A method is proposed, wherein a mixture of five probiotics cultured in the presence of a prebiotic under anaerobic conditions is able to surrogate the colonic fluid. 25829049 5 31 theme colonic 760:766 arg1 contents 768:775 the colonic contents 756:775 the colonic contents of rodents 756:786 However, preparation of SCF requires addition of either the colonic contents of rodents or human faecal slurry. 25829049 9 32 dep method 1375:1380 arg1 only 1334:1337 only 1334:1337 only 1334:1337 These findings suggest that the proposed medium may prove to be useful not only as a biorelevant and discriminatory method but may also help in achieving the 3Rs objective regarding the ethical use of animals. 25829049 2 33 theme polysaccharide 294:307 arg1 colon 316:320 colon 316:320 colon 316:320 For polysaccharide based, colon targeted oral delivery systems, the entire path of the gut traversed by the dosage form needs to be simulated for assessing its in-vivo dissolution pattern. 25829049 2 33 theme polysaccharide 294:307 arg1 based 309:313 polysaccharide based 294:313 polysaccharide based 294:313 For polysaccharide based, colon targeted oral delivery systems, the entire path of the gut traversed by the dosage form needs to be simulated for assessing its in-vivo dissolution pattern. 25829049 2 34 theme dosage 398:403 arg1 form 405:408 the dosage form 394:408 the dosage form 394:408 For polysaccharide based, colon targeted oral delivery systems, the entire path of the gut traversed by the dosage form needs to be simulated for assessing its in-vivo dissolution pattern. 25829049 0 35 theme dissolution 8:18 arg1 method 20:25 A novel dissolution method 0:25 A novel dissolution method for evaluation of polysaccharide based colon specific delivery systems: A suitable alternative to animal sacrifice. 0:141 A novel dissolution method for evaluation of polysaccharide based colon specific delivery systems: A suitable alternative to animal sacrifice. 25829049 7 36 theme drug 998:1001 arg1 profiles 986:993 Release profiles 978:993 Release profiles of drug from colon targeted delivery systems in this medium 978:1053 Release profiles of drug from colon targeted delivery systems in this medium were studied and compared to those generated in the conventionally used media containing rodent caecal contents and human faecal slurry. 25829049 3 37 theme colonic 611:617 arg1 SCF 626:628 SCF 626:628 SCF 626:628 This includes the dissolution testing sequentially in simulated gastric fluid (SGF), simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) and simulated colonic fluid (SCF). 25829049 3 37 theme colonic 611:617 arg1 fluid 619:623 simulated colonic fluid 601:623 simulated colonic fluid (SCF) 601:629 This includes the dissolution testing sequentially in simulated gastric fluid (SGF), simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) and simulated colonic fluid (SCF). 25829049 1 38 theme release 197:203 arg1 kinetics 205:212 in-vivo release kinetics 189:212 in-vivo release kinetics of a drug 189:222 The most extensively used test for predicting in-vivo release kinetics of a drug from its orally administered dosage forms is dissolution testing. 25829049 5 39 theme SCF 724:726 arg1 preparation 709:719 preparation 709:719 preparation of SCF 709:726 However, preparation of SCF requires addition of either the colonic contents of rodents or human faecal slurry. 25829049 7 40 theme Release 978:984 arg1 profiles 986:993 Release profiles 978:993 Release profiles of drug from colon targeted delivery systems in this medium 978:1053 Release profiles of drug from colon targeted delivery systems in this medium were studied and compared to those generated in the conventionally used media containing rodent caecal contents and human faecal slurry. 25829049 7 41 theme faecal 1177:1182 arg1 slurry 1184:1189 human faecal slurry 1171:1189 human faecal slurry 1171:1189 Release profiles of drug from colon targeted delivery systems in this medium were studied and compared to those generated in the conventionally used media containing rodent caecal contents and human faecal slurry. 25829049 3 42 theme simulated 564:572 arg1 SIF 592:594 SIF 592:594 SIF 592:594 This includes the dissolution testing sequentially in simulated gastric fluid (SGF), simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) and simulated colonic fluid (SCF). 25829049 3 42 theme simulated 564:572 arg1 fluid 585:589 simulated intestinal fluid 564:589 simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) 564:595 This includes the dissolution testing sequentially in simulated gastric fluid (SGF), simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) and simulated colonic fluid (SCF). 25829049 6 43 theme colonic 963:969 arg1 fluid 971:975 the colonic fluid 959:975 the colonic fluid 959:975 A method is proposed, wherein a mixture of five probiotics cultured in the presence of a prebiotic under anaerobic conditions is able to surrogate the colonic fluid. 25829049 2 44 theme gut 377:379 arg1 path 365:368 the entire path 354:368 the entire path of the gut traversed by the dosage form 354:408 For polysaccharide based, colon targeted oral delivery systems, the entire path of the gut traversed by the dosage form needs to be simulated for assessing its in-vivo dissolution pattern. 25829049 2 44 theme gut 377:379 arg1 simulated 422:430 simulated 422:430 simulated 422:430 For polysaccharide based, colon targeted oral delivery systems, the entire path of the gut traversed by the dosage form needs to be simulated for assessing its in-vivo dissolution pattern. 25829049 7 45 from systems 1032:1038 arg1 profiles 986:993 Release profiles 978:993 Release profiles of drug from colon targeted delivery systems in this medium 978:1053 Release profiles of drug from colon targeted delivery systems in this medium were studied and compared to those generated in the conventionally used media containing rodent caecal contents and human faecal slurry. 25829049 7 45 from systems 1032:1038 arg1 medium 1048:1053 this medium 1043:1053 this medium 1043:1053 Release profiles of drug from colon targeted delivery systems in this medium were studied and compared to those generated in the conventionally used media containing rodent caecal contents and human faecal slurry. 25829049 0 46 theme animal 125:130 arg1 sacrifice 132:140 animal sacrifice 125:140 animal sacrifice 125:140 A novel dissolution method for evaluation of polysaccharide based colon specific delivery systems: A suitable alternative to animal sacrifice. 25829049 6 47 theme anaerobic 917:925 arg1 conditions 927:936 anaerobic conditions 917:936 anaerobic conditions 917:936 A method is proposed, wherein a mixture of five probiotics cultured in the presence of a prebiotic under anaerobic conditions is able to surrogate the colonic fluid. 25829049 3 48 theme intestinal 574:583 arg1 SIF 592:594 SIF 592:594 SIF 592:594 This includes the dissolution testing sequentially in simulated gastric fluid (SGF), simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) and simulated colonic fluid (SCF). 25829049 3 48 theme intestinal 574:583 arg1 fluid 585:589 simulated intestinal fluid 564:589 simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) 564:595 This includes the dissolution testing sequentially in simulated gastric fluid (SGF), simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) and simulated colonic fluid (SCF). 25829049 5 49 theme human 791:795 arg1 slurry 804:809 human faecal slurry 791:809 human faecal slurry 791:809 However, preparation of SCF requires addition of either the colonic contents of rodents or human faecal slurry. 25829049 0 50 theme polysaccharide 45:58 arg1 systems 90:96 polysaccharide based colon specific delivery systems 45:96 polysaccharide based colon specific delivery systems 45:96 A novel dissolution method for evaluation of polysaccharide based colon specific delivery systems: A suitable alternative to animal sacrifice. 25829049 3 51 theme simulated 601:609 arg1 SCF 626:628 SCF 626:628 SCF 626:628 This includes the dissolution testing sequentially in simulated gastric fluid (SGF), simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) and simulated colonic fluid (SCF). 25829049 3 51 theme simulated 601:609 arg1 fluid 619:623 simulated colonic fluid 601:623 simulated colonic fluid (SCF) 601:629 This includes the dissolution testing sequentially in simulated gastric fluid (SGF), simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) and simulated colonic fluid (SCF). 25829049 2 52 theme delivery 336:343 arg1 systems 345:351 targeted oral delivery systems 322:351 targeted oral delivery systems 322:351 For polysaccharide based, colon targeted oral delivery systems, the entire path of the gut traversed by the dosage form needs to be simulated for assessing its in-vivo dissolution pattern. 25829049 6 53 theme probiotics 860:869 arg1 able 941:944 able 941:944 able 941:944 A method is proposed, wherein a mixture of five probiotics cultured in the presence of a prebiotic under anaerobic conditions is able to surrogate the colonic fluid. 25829049 6 53 theme probiotics 860:869 arg1 mixture 844:850 a mixture 842:850 a mixture of five probiotics cultured in the presence of a prebiotic under anaerobic conditions 842:936 A method is proposed, wherein a mixture of five probiotics cultured in the presence of a prebiotic under anaerobic conditions is able to surrogate the colonic fluid. 25829049 2 54 theme oral 331:334 arg1 systems 345:351 targeted oral delivery systems 322:351 targeted oral delivery systems 322:351 For polysaccharide based, colon targeted oral delivery systems, the entire path of the gut traversed by the dosage form needs to be simulated for assessing its in-vivo dissolution pattern. 25829049 9 55 theme proposed 1291:1298 arg1 useful 1323:1328 useful 1323:1328 useful 1323:1328 These findings suggest that the proposed medium may prove to be useful not only as a biorelevant and discriminatory method but may also help in achieving the 3Rs objective regarding the ethical use of animals. 25829049 9 55 theme proposed 1291:1298 arg1 medium 1300:1305 the proposed medium 1287:1305 the proposed medium 1287:1305 These findings suggest that the proposed medium may prove to be useful not only as a biorelevant and discriminatory method but may also help in achieving the 3Rs objective regarding the ethical use of animals. 25829049 0 56 dep method 20:25 arg1 alternative 110:120 A suitable alternative 99:120 A novel dissolution method for evaluation of polysaccharide based colon specific delivery systems: A suitable alternative to animal sacrifice. 0:141 A novel dissolution method for evaluation of polysaccharide based colon specific delivery systems: A suitable alternative to animal sacrifice. 25829049 2 57 theme targeted 322:329 arg1 systems 345:351 targeted oral delivery systems 322:351 targeted oral delivery systems 322:351 For polysaccharide based, colon targeted oral delivery systems, the entire path of the gut traversed by the dosage form needs to be simulated for assessing its in-vivo dissolution pattern. 25829049 3 58 theme gastric 543:549 arg1 fluid 551:555 simulated gastric fluid 533:555 simulated gastric fluid (SGF) 533:561 This includes the dissolution testing sequentially in simulated gastric fluid (SGF), simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) and simulated colonic fluid (SCF). 25829049 3 58 theme gastric 543:549 arg1 SGF 558:560 SGF 558:560 SGF 558:560 This includes the dissolution testing sequentially in simulated gastric fluid (SGF), simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) and simulated colonic fluid (SCF). 25829049 4 59 theme standardized 660:671 arg1 composition 673:683 simple and standardized composition 649:683 simple and standardized composition 649:683 For SGF and SIF, simple and standardized composition is well-known. 25829049 2 60 dep based 309:313 arg1 systems 345:351 targeted oral delivery systems 322:351 targeted oral delivery systems 322:351 For polysaccharide based, colon targeted oral delivery systems, the entire path of the gut traversed by the dosage form needs to be simulated for assessing its in-vivo dissolution pattern. 25829049 1 61 theme drug 219:222 arg1 kinetics 205:212 in-vivo release kinetics 189:212 in-vivo release kinetics of a drug 189:222 The most extensively used test for predicting in-vivo release kinetics of a drug from its orally administered dosage forms is dissolution testing. 25829049 0 62 theme colon 66:70 arg1 systems 90:96 polysaccharide based colon specific delivery systems 45:96 polysaccharide based colon specific delivery systems 45:96 A novel dissolution method for evaluation of polysaccharide based colon specific delivery systems: A suitable alternative to animal sacrifice. 25829049 1 63 theme in-vivo 189:195 arg1 kinetics 205:212 in-vivo release kinetics 189:212 in-vivo release kinetics of a drug 189:222 The most extensively used test for predicting in-vivo release kinetics of a drug from its orally administered dosage forms is dissolution testing. 25829049 2 64 theme entire 358:363 arg1 path 365:368 the entire path 354:368 the entire path of the gut traversed by the dosage form 354:408 For polysaccharide based, colon targeted oral delivery systems, the entire path of the gut traversed by the dosage form needs to be simulated for assessing its in-vivo dissolution pattern. 25829049 2 64 theme entire 358:363 arg1 simulated 422:430 simulated 422:430 simulated 422:430 For polysaccharide based, colon targeted oral delivery systems, the entire path of the gut traversed by the dosage form needs to be simulated for assessing its in-vivo dissolution pattern. 25829049 0 65 theme based 60:64 arg1 systems 90:96 polysaccharide based colon specific delivery systems 45:96 polysaccharide based colon specific delivery systems 45:96 A novel dissolution method for evaluation of polysaccharide based colon specific delivery systems: A suitable alternative to animal sacrifice. 25829049 5 66 theme contents 768:775 arg1 addition 737:744 addition 737:744 addition of either the colonic contents of rodents or human faecal slurry 737:809 However, preparation of SCF requires addition of either the colonic contents of rodents or human faecal slurry. 27987839 0 0 theme potential 96:104 arg1 application 106:116 potential application 96:116 potential application as packaging material 96:138 Polymer blend of PLA/PHBV based bionanocomposites reinforced with nanocrystalline cellulose for potential application as packaging material. 27987839 5 1 theme cellulose 741:749 arg1 addition 713:720 the addition 709:720 the addition of nanocrystalline cellulose 709:749 The effect of the addition of nanocrystalline cellulose on structural, morphology, mechanical and barrier properties of bionanocomposites was investigated. 27987839 7 2 theme polymer 1143:1149 arg1 blend 1151:1155 the polymer blend 1139:1155 the polymer blend 1139:1155 Therefore, the developed bio-based composite incorporated with an optimal composition of nanocrystalline cellulose exhibits properties as compared to the polymer blend. 27987839 2 3 theme palm 386:389 arg1 fiber 409:413 waste oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber 376:413 waste oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber by acid hydrolysis process 376:440 The nanocrystalline cellulose was derived from waste oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber by acid hydrolysis process. 27987839 4 4 theme solvent 671:677 arg1 method 687:692 solvent casting method 671:692 solvent casting method 671:692 Furthermore, the PLA/PHBV/nanocrystalline cellulose bionanocomposites were produced by solvent casting method. 27987839 2 5 theme acid 418:421 arg1 process 434:440 acid hydrolysis process 418:440 acid hydrolysis process 418:440 The nanocrystalline cellulose was derived from waste oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber by acid hydrolysis process. 27987839 4 6 theme cellulose 626:634 arg1 bionanocomposites 636:652 the PLA/PHBV/nanocrystalline cellulose bionanocomposites 597:652 the PLA/PHBV/nanocrystalline cellulose bionanocomposites 597:652 Furthermore, the PLA/PHBV/nanocrystalline cellulose bionanocomposites were produced by solvent casting method. 27987839 2 7 theme oil 382:384 arg1 fiber 409:413 waste oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber 376:413 waste oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber by acid hydrolysis process 376:440 The nanocrystalline cellulose was derived from waste oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber by acid hydrolysis process. 27987839 7 8 theme developed 1004:1012 arg1 composite 1024:1032 the developed bio-based composite 1000:1032 the developed bio-based composite incorporated with an optimal composition of nanocrystalline cellulose 1000:1102 Therefore, the developed bio-based composite incorporated with an optimal composition of nanocrystalline cellulose exhibits properties as compared to the polymer blend. 27987839 5 9 theme structural 754:763 arg1 properties 801:810 structural, morphology, mechanical and barrier properties 754:810 structural, morphology, mechanical and barrier properties of bionanocomposites 754:831 The effect of the addition of nanocrystalline cellulose on structural, morphology, mechanical and barrier properties of bionanocomposites was investigated. 27987839 0 10 dep bionanocomposites 32:48 arg1 reinforced 50:59 reinforced 50:59 bionanocomposites reinforced with nanocrystalline cellulose for potential application as packaging material 32:138 Polymer blend of PLA/PHBV based bionanocomposites reinforced with nanocrystalline cellulose for potential application as packaging material. 27987839 6 11 from decrease 951:958 arg1 rate 983:986 oxygen permeability rate 963:986 oxygen permeability rate 963:986 The results revealed that the developed bionanocomposites showed improved mechanical properties and decrease in oxygen permeability rate. 27987839 3 12 theme solvent 558:564 arg1 process 575:581 solvent exchange process 558:581 solvent exchange process 558:581 The resulting nanocrystalline cellulose suspension was then surface functionalized by TEMPO-mediated oxidation and solvent exchange process. 27987839 4 13 theme casting 679:685 arg1 method 687:692 solvent casting method 671:692 solvent casting method 671:692 Furthermore, the PLA/PHBV/nanocrystalline cellulose bionanocomposites were produced by solvent casting method. 27987839 6 14 theme mechanical 925:934 arg1 properties 936:945 improved mechanical properties 916:945 improved mechanical properties 916:945 The results revealed that the developed bionanocomposites showed improved mechanical properties and decrease in oxygen permeability rate. 27987839 7 15 theme cellulose 1094:1102 arg1 composition 1063:1073 an optimal composition 1052:1073 an optimal composition of nanocrystalline cellulose 1052:1102 Therefore, the developed bio-based composite incorporated with an optimal composition of nanocrystalline cellulose exhibits properties as compared to the polymer blend. 27987839 3 16 theme resulting 447:455 arg1 suspension 483:492 The resulting nanocrystalline cellulose suspension 443:492 The resulting nanocrystalline cellulose suspension 443:492 The resulting nanocrystalline cellulose suspension was then surface functionalized by TEMPO-mediated oxidation and solvent exchange process. 27987839 1 17 theme poly 191:194 arg1 development 176:186 the development 172:186 the development of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) reinforced nanocrystalline cellulose bionanocomposites 172:326 The current research discusses the development of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) reinforced nanocrystalline cellulose bionanocomposites. 27987839 0 18 theme packaging 121:129 arg1 material 131:138 packaging material 121:138 packaging material 121:138 Polymer blend of PLA/PHBV based bionanocomposites reinforced with nanocrystalline cellulose for potential application as packaging material. 27987839 5 19 theme addition 713:720 arg1 effect 699:704 The effect 695:704 The effect of the addition of nanocrystalline cellulose on structural, morphology, mechanical and barrier properties of bionanocomposites 695:831 The effect of the addition of nanocrystalline cellulose on structural, morphology, mechanical and barrier properties of bionanocomposites was investigated. 27987839 6 20 theme improved 916:923 arg1 properties 936:945 improved mechanical properties 916:945 improved mechanical properties 916:945 The results revealed that the developed bionanocomposites showed improved mechanical properties and decrease in oxygen permeability rate. 27987839 2 21 attach derived 363:369 arg2 cellulose 349:357 The nanocrystalline cellulose 329:357 The nanocrystalline cellulose 329:357 The nanocrystalline cellulose was derived from waste oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber by acid hydrolysis process. 27987839 2 21 attach derived 363:369 arg1 fiber 409:413 waste oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber 376:413 waste oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber by acid hydrolysis process 376:440 The nanocrystalline cellulose was derived from waste oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber by acid hydrolysis process. 27987839 1 22 theme lactic 197:202 arg1 poly 191:194 poly 191:194 poly (lactic acid) (PLA) 191:214 The current research discusses the development of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) reinforced nanocrystalline cellulose bionanocomposites. 27987839 1 22 theme lactic 197:202 arg1 acid 204:207 lactic acid 197:207 lactic acid 197:207 The current research discusses the development of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) reinforced nanocrystalline cellulose bionanocomposites. 27987839 0 23 theme Polymer 0:6 arg1 blend 8:12 Polymer blend 0:12 Polymer blend of PLA/PHBV based 0:30 Polymer blend of PLA/PHBV based bionanocomposites reinforced with nanocrystalline cellulose for potential application as packaging material. 27987839 1 24 theme reinforced 273:282 arg1 bionanocomposites 310:326 reinforced nanocrystalline cellulose bionanocomposites 273:326 reinforced nanocrystalline cellulose bionanocomposites 273:326 The current research discusses the development of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) reinforced nanocrystalline cellulose bionanocomposites. 27987839 5 25 theme nanocrystalline 725:739 arg1 cellulose 741:749 nanocrystalline cellulose 725:749 nanocrystalline cellulose 725:749 The effect of the addition of nanocrystalline cellulose on structural, morphology, mechanical and barrier properties of bionanocomposites was investigated. 27987839 2 26 theme nanocrystalline 333:347 arg1 cellulose 349:357 The nanocrystalline cellulose 329:357 The nanocrystalline cellulose 329:357 The nanocrystalline cellulose was derived from waste oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber by acid hydrolysis process. 27987839 2 27 theme bunch 403:407 arg1 fiber 409:413 waste oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber 376:413 waste oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber by acid hydrolysis process 376:440 The nanocrystalline cellulose was derived from waste oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber by acid hydrolysis process. 27987839 0 28 theme PLA/PHBV 17:24 arg1 based 26:30 PLA/PHBV based 17:30 PLA/PHBV based 17:30 Polymer blend of PLA/PHBV based bionanocomposites reinforced with nanocrystalline cellulose for potential application as packaging material. 27987839 1 29 theme nanocrystalline 284:298 arg1 bionanocomposites 310:326 reinforced nanocrystalline cellulose bionanocomposites 273:326 reinforced nanocrystalline cellulose bionanocomposites 273:326 The current research discusses the development of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) reinforced nanocrystalline cellulose bionanocomposites. 27987839 5 30 theme barrier 793:799 arg1 properties 801:810 structural, morphology, mechanical and barrier properties 754:810 structural, morphology, mechanical and barrier properties of bionanocomposites 754:831 The effect of the addition of nanocrystalline cellulose on structural, morphology, mechanical and barrier properties of bionanocomposites was investigated. 27987839 6 31 theme developed 881:889 arg1 bionanocomposites 891:907 the developed bionanocomposites 877:907 the developed bionanocomposites 877:907 The results revealed that the developed bionanocomposites showed improved mechanical properties and decrease in oxygen permeability rate. 27987839 1 32 theme cellulose 300:308 arg1 bionanocomposites 310:326 reinforced nanocrystalline cellulose bionanocomposites 273:326 reinforced nanocrystalline cellulose bionanocomposites 273:326 The current research discusses the development of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) reinforced nanocrystalline cellulose bionanocomposites. 27987839 3 33 theme exchange 566:573 arg1 process 575:581 solvent exchange process 558:581 solvent exchange process 558:581 The resulting nanocrystalline cellulose suspension was then surface functionalized by TEMPO-mediated oxidation and solvent exchange process. 27987839 5 34 from effect 699:704 arg1 properties 801:810 structural, morphology, mechanical and barrier properties 754:810 structural, morphology, mechanical and barrier properties of bionanocomposites 754:831 The effect of the addition of nanocrystalline cellulose on structural, morphology, mechanical and barrier properties of bionanocomposites was investigated. 27987839 3 35 theme nanocrystalline 457:471 arg1 suspension 483:492 The resulting nanocrystalline cellulose suspension 443:492 The resulting nanocrystalline cellulose suspension 443:492 The resulting nanocrystalline cellulose suspension was then surface functionalized by TEMPO-mediated oxidation and solvent exchange process. 27987839 0 36 theme based 26:30 arg1 blend 8:12 Polymer blend 0:12 Polymer blend of PLA/PHBV based 0:30 Polymer blend of PLA/PHBV based bionanocomposites reinforced with nanocrystalline cellulose for potential application as packaging material. 27987839 5 37 theme bionanocomposites 815:831 arg1 properties 801:810 structural, morphology, mechanical and barrier properties 754:810 structural, morphology, mechanical and barrier properties of bionanocomposites 754:831 The effect of the addition of nanocrystalline cellulose on structural, morphology, mechanical and barrier properties of bionanocomposites was investigated. 27987839 2 38 theme hydrolysis 423:432 arg1 process 434:440 acid hydrolysis process 418:440 acid hydrolysis process 418:440 The nanocrystalline cellulose was derived from waste oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber by acid hydrolysis process. 27987839 5 39 theme morphology 766:775 arg1 properties 801:810 structural, morphology, mechanical and barrier properties 754:810 structural, morphology, mechanical and barrier properties of bionanocomposites 754:831 The effect of the addition of nanocrystalline cellulose on structural, morphology, mechanical and barrier properties of bionanocomposites was investigated. 27987839 3 40 theme cellulose 473:481 arg1 suspension 483:492 The resulting nanocrystalline cellulose suspension 443:492 The resulting nanocrystalline cellulose suspension 443:492 The resulting nanocrystalline cellulose suspension was then surface functionalized by TEMPO-mediated oxidation and solvent exchange process. 27987839 1 41 dep poly 191:194 arg1 bionanocomposites 310:326 reinforced nanocrystalline cellulose bionanocomposites 273:326 reinforced nanocrystalline cellulose bionanocomposites 273:326 The current research discusses the development of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) reinforced nanocrystalline cellulose bionanocomposites. 27987839 2 42 theme waste 376:380 arg1 fiber 409:413 waste oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber 376:413 waste oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber by acid hydrolysis process 376:440 The nanocrystalline cellulose was derived from waste oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber by acid hydrolysis process. 27987839 4 43 theme PLA/PHBV/nanocrystalline 601:624 arg1 bionanocomposites 636:652 the PLA/PHBV/nanocrystalline cellulose bionanocomposites 597:652 the PLA/PHBV/nanocrystalline cellulose bionanocomposites 597:652 Furthermore, the PLA/PHBV/nanocrystalline cellulose bionanocomposites were produced by solvent casting method. 27987839 6 44 from properties 936:945 arg1 rate 983:986 oxygen permeability rate 963:986 oxygen permeability rate 963:986 The results revealed that the developed bionanocomposites showed improved mechanical properties and decrease in oxygen permeability rate. 27987839 7 45 theme optimal 1055:1061 arg1 composition 1063:1073 an optimal composition 1052:1073 an optimal composition of nanocrystalline cellulose 1052:1102 Therefore, the developed bio-based composite incorporated with an optimal composition of nanocrystalline cellulose exhibits properties as compared to the polymer blend. 27987839 7 46 theme nanocrystalline 1078:1092 arg1 cellulose 1094:1102 nanocrystalline cellulose 1078:1102 nanocrystalline cellulose 1078:1102 Therefore, the developed bio-based composite incorporated with an optimal composition of nanocrystalline cellulose exhibits properties as compared to the polymer blend. 27987839 5 47 theme mechanical 778:787 arg1 properties 801:810 structural, morphology, mechanical and barrier properties 754:810 structural, morphology, mechanical and barrier properties of bionanocomposites 754:831 The effect of the addition of nanocrystalline cellulose on structural, morphology, mechanical and barrier properties of bionanocomposites was investigated. 27987839 6 48 theme permeability 970:981 arg1 rate 983:986 oxygen permeability rate 963:986 oxygen permeability rate 963:986 The results revealed that the developed bionanocomposites showed improved mechanical properties and decrease in oxygen permeability rate. 27987839 1 49 theme current 145:151 arg1 research 153:160 The current research 141:160 The current research 141:160 The current research discusses the development of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) reinforced nanocrystalline cellulose bionanocomposites. 27987839 6 50 theme oxygen 963:968 arg1 rate 983:986 oxygen permeability rate 963:986 oxygen permeability rate 963:986 The results revealed that the developed bionanocomposites showed improved mechanical properties and decrease in oxygen permeability rate. 27987839 3 51 theme TEMPO-mediated 529:542 arg1 oxidation 544:552 TEMPO-mediated oxidation 529:552 TEMPO-mediated oxidation 529:552 The resulting nanocrystalline cellulose suspension was then surface functionalized by TEMPO-mediated oxidation and solvent exchange process. 27987839 1 52 theme poly- 220:224 arg1 development 176:186 the development 172:186 the development of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) reinforced nanocrystalline cellulose bionanocomposites 172:326 The current research discusses the development of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) reinforced nanocrystalline cellulose bionanocomposites. 27987839 7 53 theme bio-based 1014:1022 arg1 composite 1024:1032 the developed bio-based composite 1000:1032 the developed bio-based composite incorporated with an optimal composition of nanocrystalline cellulose 1000:1102 Therefore, the developed bio-based composite incorporated with an optimal composition of nanocrystalline cellulose exhibits properties as compared to the polymer blend. 27987839 2 54 theme fruit 397:401 arg1 fiber 409:413 waste oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber 376:413 waste oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber by acid hydrolysis process 376:440 The nanocrystalline cellulose was derived from waste oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber by acid hydrolysis process. 27987839 0 55 theme nanocrystalline 66:80 arg1 cellulose 82:90 nanocrystalline cellulose 66:90 nanocrystalline cellulose for potential application as packaging material 66:138 Polymer blend of PLA/PHBV based bionanocomposites reinforced with nanocrystalline cellulose for potential application as packaging material. 27987839 3 56 dep functionalized 511:524 arg1 surface 503:509 surface 503:509 surface 503:509 The resulting nanocrystalline cellulose suspension was then surface functionalized by TEMPO-mediated oxidation and solvent exchange process. 27987839 2 57 theme empty 391:395 arg1 fiber 409:413 waste oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber 376:413 waste oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber by acid hydrolysis process 376:440 The nanocrystalline cellulose was derived from waste oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber by acid hydrolysis process. 28024580 5 0 theme unreinforced 800:811 arg1 hydrogel 813:820 the unreinforced hydrogel 796:820 the unreinforced hydrogel 796:820 The nanofibres can be arranged as multilayer laminates with varying orientations, which increases the toughness by two orders of magnitude compared with the unreinforced hydrogel. 28024580 4 1 theme Aligned 530:536 arg1 reinforcement 548:560 Aligned nanofibre reinforcement 530:560 Aligned nanofibre reinforcement 530:560 Aligned nanofibre reinforcement enhances the tensile strength of the hydrogels by up to two orders of magnitude. 28024580 5 2 theme multilayer 677:686 arg1 laminates 688:696 multilayer laminates 677:696 multilayer laminates with varying orientations, which increases the toughness by two orders of magnitude compared with the unreinforced hydrogel 677:820 The nanofibres can be arranged as multilayer laminates with varying orientations, which increases the toughness by two orders of magnitude compared with the unreinforced hydrogel. 28024580 5 2 theme multilayer 677:686 arg1 nanofibres 647:656 The nanofibres 643:656 The nanofibres 643:656 The nanofibres can be arranged as multilayer laminates with varying orientations, which increases the toughness by two orders of magnitude compared with the unreinforced hydrogel. 28024580 5 3 with laminates 688:696 arg1 orientations 711:722 varying orientations 703:722 varying orientations 703:722 The nanofibres can be arranged as multilayer laminates with varying orientations, which increases the toughness by two orders of magnitude compared with the unreinforced hydrogel. 28024580 6 4 theme flexible 963:970 arg1 microstructures 972:986 flexible microstructures 963:986 flexible microstructures to suit different mechanical and biomedical requirements 963:1043 This work demonstrates a two-part strategy of fibre reinforcement and composite lamination in manufacturing strong and tough hydrogels with flexible microstructures to suit different mechanical and biomedical requirements. 28024580 2 5 theme specific 322:329 arg1 conditions 339:348 specific loading conditions 322:348 specific loading conditions 322:348 Unlike natural tissues, the majority of existing tough hydrogels lack ordered microstructures organized to withstand specific loading conditions. 28024580 5 6 theme varying 703:709 arg1 orientations 711:722 varying orientations 703:722 varying orientations 703:722 The nanofibres can be arranged as multilayer laminates with varying orientations, which increases the toughness by two orders of magnitude compared with the unreinforced hydrogel. 28024580 6 7 theme two-part 848:855 arg1 strategy 857:864 a two-part strategy 846:864 a two-part strategy of fibre reinforcement and composite lamination 846:912 This work demonstrates a two-part strategy of fibre reinforcement and composite lamination in manufacturing strong and tough hydrogels with flexible microstructures to suit different mechanical and biomedical requirements. 28024580 3 8 used used 451:454 arg2 nanofibres 385:394 electrospun gelatin nanofibres 365:394 electrospun gelatin nanofibres 365:394 In this work, electrospun gelatin nanofibres, mimicking the collagen network in native tissues, are used to strengthen and resist crack propagation in brittle alginate hydrogels. 28024580 3 9 theme alginate 510:517 arg1 hydrogels 519:527 brittle alginate hydrogels 502:527 brittle alginate hydrogels 502:527 In this work, electrospun gelatin nanofibres, mimicking the collagen network in native tissues, are used to strengthen and resist crack propagation in brittle alginate hydrogels. 28024580 3 10 theme gelatin 377:383 arg1 nanofibres 385:394 electrospun gelatin nanofibres 365:394 electrospun gelatin nanofibres 365:394 In this work, electrospun gelatin nanofibres, mimicking the collagen network in native tissues, are used to strengthen and resist crack propagation in brittle alginate hydrogels. 28024580 1 11 theme cell-supporting 177:191 arg1 hydrogels 101:109 Mechanically robust hydrogels 81:109 Mechanically robust hydrogels 81:109 Mechanically robust hydrogels are required for many tissue engineering applications to serve as cell-supporting structures. 28024580 1 11 theme cell-supporting 177:191 arg1 structures 193:202 cell-supporting structures 177:202 cell-supporting structures 177:202 Mechanically robust hydrogels are required for many tissue engineering applications to serve as cell-supporting structures. 28024580 3 12 from network 420:426 arg1 tissues 438:444 native tissues 431:444 native tissues 431:444 In this work, electrospun gelatin nanofibres, mimicking the collagen network in native tissues, are used to strengthen and resist crack propagation in brittle alginate hydrogels. 28024580 6 13 theme lamination 903:912 arg1 strategy 857:864 a two-part strategy 846:864 a two-part strategy of fibre reinforcement and composite lamination 846:912 This work demonstrates a two-part strategy of fibre reinforcement and composite lamination in manufacturing strong and tough hydrogels with flexible microstructures to suit different mechanical and biomedical requirements. 28024580 1 14 theme Mechanically 81:92 arg1 hydrogels 101:109 Mechanically robust hydrogels 81:109 Mechanically robust hydrogels 81:109 Mechanically robust hydrogels are required for many tissue engineering applications to serve as cell-supporting structures. 28024580 1 14 theme Mechanically 81:92 arg1 structures 193:202 cell-supporting structures 177:202 cell-supporting structures 177:202 Mechanically robust hydrogels are required for many tissue engineering applications to serve as cell-supporting structures. 28024580 5 15 theme magnitude 772:780 arg1 orders 762:767 two orders 758:767 two orders of magnitude 758:780 The nanofibres can be arranged as multilayer laminates with varying orientations, which increases the toughness by two orders of magnitude compared with the unreinforced hydrogel. 28024580 1 16 theme robust 94:99 arg1 hydrogels 101:109 Mechanically robust hydrogels 81:109 Mechanically robust hydrogels 81:109 Mechanically robust hydrogels are required for many tissue engineering applications to serve as cell-supporting structures. 28024580 1 16 theme robust 94:99 arg1 structures 193:202 cell-supporting structures 177:202 cell-supporting structures 177:202 Mechanically robust hydrogels are required for many tissue engineering applications to serve as cell-supporting structures. 28024580 0 17 theme Strong 0:5 arg1 composites 38:47 Strong and tough nanofibrous hydrogel composites 0:47 Strong and tough nanofibrous hydrogel composites 0:47 Strong and tough nanofibrous hydrogel composites based on biomimetic principles. 28024580 4 18 theme hydrogels 599:607 arg1 strength 583:590 the tensile strength 571:590 the tensile strength of the hydrogels 571:607 Aligned nanofibre reinforcement enhances the tensile strength of the hydrogels by up to two orders of magnitude. 28024580 6 19 theme fibre 869:873 arg1 reinforcement 875:887 fibre reinforcement 869:887 fibre reinforcement 869:887 This work demonstrates a two-part strategy of fibre reinforcement and composite lamination in manufacturing strong and tough hydrogels with flexible microstructures to suit different mechanical and biomedical requirements. 28024580 0 20 theme nanofibrous 17:27 arg1 composites 38:47 Strong and tough nanofibrous hydrogel composites 0:47 Strong and tough nanofibrous hydrogel composites 0:47 Strong and tough nanofibrous hydrogel composites based on biomimetic principles. 28024580 0 21 theme tough 11:15 arg1 composites 38:47 Strong and tough nanofibrous hydrogel composites 0:47 Strong and tough nanofibrous hydrogel composites 0:47 Strong and tough nanofibrous hydrogel composites based on biomimetic principles. 28024580 6 22 theme strong 931:936 arg1 hydrogels 948:956 strong and tough hydrogels 931:956 strong and tough hydrogels 931:956 This work demonstrates a two-part strategy of fibre reinforcement and composite lamination in manufacturing strong and tough hydrogels with flexible microstructures to suit different mechanical and biomedical requirements. 28024580 2 23 theme loading 331:337 arg1 conditions 339:348 specific loading conditions 322:348 specific loading conditions 322:348 Unlike natural tissues, the majority of existing tough hydrogels lack ordered microstructures organized to withstand specific loading conditions. 28024580 3 24 theme collagen 411:418 arg1 network 420:426 the collagen network 407:426 the collagen network in native tissues 407:444 In this work, electrospun gelatin nanofibres, mimicking the collagen network in native tissues, are used to strengthen and resist crack propagation in brittle alginate hydrogels. 28024580 2 25 theme tough 254:258 arg1 hydrogels 260:268 existing tough hydrogels 245:268 existing tough hydrogels 245:268 Unlike natural tissues, the majority of existing tough hydrogels lack ordered microstructures organized to withstand specific loading conditions. 28024580 0 26 theme hydrogel 29:36 arg1 composites 38:47 Strong and tough nanofibrous hydrogel composites 0:47 Strong and tough nanofibrous hydrogel composites 0:47 Strong and tough nanofibrous hydrogel composites based on biomimetic principles. 28024580 4 27 theme tensile 575:581 arg1 strength 583:590 the tensile strength 571:590 the tensile strength of the hydrogels 571:607 Aligned nanofibre reinforcement enhances the tensile strength of the hydrogels by up to two orders of magnitude. 28024580 4 28 dep two 618:620 arg1 to 615:616 to 615:616 to 615:616 Aligned nanofibre reinforcement enhances the tensile strength of the hydrogels by up to two orders of magnitude. 28024580 2 29 theme existing 245:252 arg1 hydrogels 260:268 existing tough hydrogels 245:268 existing tough hydrogels 245:268 Unlike natural tissues, the majority of existing tough hydrogels lack ordered microstructures organized to withstand specific loading conditions. 28024580 3 30 theme crack 481:485 arg1 propagation 487:497 crack propagation 481:497 crack propagation 481:497 In this work, electrospun gelatin nanofibres, mimicking the collagen network in native tissues, are used to strengthen and resist crack propagation in brittle alginate hydrogels. 28024580 3 31 theme native 431:436 arg1 tissues 438:444 native tissues 431:444 native tissues 431:444 In this work, electrospun gelatin nanofibres, mimicking the collagen network in native tissues, are used to strengthen and resist crack propagation in brittle alginate hydrogels. 28024580 6 32 theme biomedical 1021:1030 arg1 requirements 1032:1043 suit different mechanical and biomedical requirements 991:1043 suit different mechanical and biomedical requirements 991:1043 This work demonstrates a two-part strategy of fibre reinforcement and composite lamination in manufacturing strong and tough hydrogels with flexible microstructures to suit different mechanical and biomedical requirements. 28024580 0 33 theme biomimetic 58:67 arg1 principles 69:78 biomimetic principles 58:78 biomimetic principles 58:78 Strong and tough nanofibrous hydrogel composites based on biomimetic principles. 28024580 6 34 theme tough 942:946 arg1 hydrogels 948:956 strong and tough hydrogels 931:956 strong and tough hydrogels 931:956 This work demonstrates a two-part strategy of fibre reinforcement and composite lamination in manufacturing strong and tough hydrogels with flexible microstructures to suit different mechanical and biomedical requirements. 28024580 4 35 theme magnitude 632:640 arg1 orders 622:627 up to two orders 612:627 up to two orders of magnitude 612:640 Aligned nanofibre reinforcement enhances the tensile strength of the hydrogels by up to two orders of magnitude. 28024580 6 36 theme mechanical 1006:1015 arg1 requirements 1032:1043 suit different mechanical and biomedical requirements 991:1043 suit different mechanical and biomedical requirements 991:1043 This work demonstrates a two-part strategy of fibre reinforcement and composite lamination in manufacturing strong and tough hydrogels with flexible microstructures to suit different mechanical and biomedical requirements. 28024580 6 37 theme composite 893:901 arg1 lamination 903:912 composite lamination 893:912 composite lamination 893:912 This work demonstrates a two-part strategy of fibre reinforcement and composite lamination in manufacturing strong and tough hydrogels with flexible microstructures to suit different mechanical and biomedical requirements. 28024580 1 38 theme many 128:131 arg1 applications 152:163 many tissue engineering applications 128:163 many tissue engineering applications 128:163 Mechanically robust hydrogels are required for many tissue engineering applications to serve as cell-supporting structures. 28024580 6 39 theme different 996:1004 arg1 requirements 1032:1043 suit different mechanical and biomedical requirements 991:1043 suit different mechanical and biomedical requirements 991:1043 This work demonstrates a two-part strategy of fibre reinforcement and composite lamination in manufacturing strong and tough hydrogels with flexible microstructures to suit different mechanical and biomedical requirements. 28024580 1 40 theme tissue 133:138 arg1 applications 152:163 many tissue engineering applications 128:163 many tissue engineering applications 128:163 Mechanically robust hydrogels are required for many tissue engineering applications to serve as cell-supporting structures. 28024580 6 41 theme reinforcement 875:887 arg1 strategy 857:864 a two-part strategy 846:864 a two-part strategy of fibre reinforcement and composite lamination 846:912 This work demonstrates a two-part strategy of fibre reinforcement and composite lamination in manufacturing strong and tough hydrogels with flexible microstructures to suit different mechanical and biomedical requirements. 28024580 2 42 theme ordered 275:281 arg1 microstructures 283:297 ordered microstructures 275:297 ordered microstructures organized to withstand specific loading conditions 275:348 Unlike natural tissues, the majority of existing tough hydrogels lack ordered microstructures organized to withstand specific loading conditions. 28024580 1 43 theme engineering 140:150 arg1 applications 152:163 many tissue engineering applications 128:163 many tissue engineering applications 128:163 Mechanically robust hydrogels are required for many tissue engineering applications to serve as cell-supporting structures. 28024580 3 44 theme brittle 502:508 arg1 hydrogels 519:527 brittle alginate hydrogels 502:527 brittle alginate hydrogels 502:527 In this work, electrospun gelatin nanofibres, mimicking the collagen network in native tissues, are used to strengthen and resist crack propagation in brittle alginate hydrogels. 28024580 2 45 theme natural 212:218 arg1 tissues 220:226 natural tissues 212:226 natural tissues 212:226 Unlike natural tissues, the majority of existing tough hydrogels lack ordered microstructures organized to withstand specific loading conditions. 28024580 3 46 theme electrospun 365:375 arg1 nanofibres 385:394 electrospun gelatin nanofibres 365:394 electrospun gelatin nanofibres 365:394 In this work, electrospun gelatin nanofibres, mimicking the collagen network in native tissues, are used to strengthen and resist crack propagation in brittle alginate hydrogels. 28024580 4 47 theme nanofibre 538:546 arg1 reinforcement 548:560 Aligned nanofibre reinforcement 530:560 Aligned nanofibre reinforcement 530:560 Aligned nanofibre reinforcement enhances the tensile strength of the hydrogels by up to two orders of magnitude. 28024580 2 48 theme hydrogels 260:268 arg1 majority 233:240 the majority 229:240 the majority of existing tough hydrogels 229:268 Unlike natural tissues, the majority of existing tough hydrogels lack ordered microstructures organized to withstand specific loading conditions. 25325967 3 0 theme keratan 325:331 arg1 sulfate 333:339 keratan sulfate biosynthesis and structures 325:367 sulfate 333:339 These materials have facilitated the analysis of keratan sulfate biosynthesis and structures. 25325967 3 1 theme sulfate 333:339 arg1 analysis 313:320 the analysis 309:320 the analysis of keratan sulfate biosynthesis and structures 309:367 These materials have facilitated the analysis of keratan sulfate biosynthesis and structures. 25325967 7 2 theme sulfate 882:888 arg1 epitope 890:896 an anti-keratan sulfate epitope 866:896 an anti-keratan sulfate epitope 866:896 Immunohistochemistry for an anti-keratan sulfate epitope in the brain is also described. 25325967 4 3 theme roles 424:428 arg1 study 400:404 study 400:404 study of the biological roles of keratan sulfate 400:447 Likewise, they have expedited study of the biological roles of keratan sulfate in vitro and in vivo. 25325967 5 4 theme neuronal 590:597 arg1 regeneration/sprouting 599:620 neuronal regeneration/sprouting 590:620 neuronal regeneration/sprouting 590:620 It has been shown that keratan sulfate is also expressed in the central nervous system and functions as a regulator of neuronal regeneration/sprouting. 25325967 3 5 theme structures 358:367 arg1 analysis 313:320 the analysis 309:320 the analysis of keratan sulfate biosynthesis and structures 309:367 These materials have facilitated the analysis of keratan sulfate biosynthesis and structures. 25325967 5 6 theme regeneration/sprouting 599:620 arg1 regulator 577:585 a regulator 575:585 a regulator of neuronal regeneration/sprouting 575:620 It has been shown that keratan sulfate is also expressed in the central nervous system and functions as a regulator of neuronal regeneration/sprouting. 25325967 5 6 theme regeneration/sprouting 599:620 arg1 sulfate 502:508 keratan sulfate 494:508 keratan sulfate 494:508 It has been shown that keratan sulfate is also expressed in the central nervous system and functions as a regulator of neuronal regeneration/sprouting. 25325967 7 7 theme anti-keratan 869:880 arg1 epitope 890:896 an anti-keratan sulfate epitope 866:896 an anti-keratan sulfate epitope 866:896 Immunohistochemistry for an anti-keratan sulfate epitope in the brain is also described. 25325967 1 8 theme skeletal 153:160 arg1 tissues 162:168 skeletal tissues 153:168 skeletal tissues 153:168 Keratan sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan that has been investigated in the cornea and skeletal tissues for decades. 25325967 6 9 theme ocular 777:782 arg1 sulfate 792:798 ocular keratan sulfate 777:798 ocular keratan sulfate 777:798 Here, we describe methods to determine the enzymatic activity of GlcNAc6ST, which is involved in keratan sulfate biosynthesis, and to extract and prepare ocular keratan sulfate for a disaccharide composition analysis. 25325967 1 10 theme Keratan 69:75 arg1 sulfate 77:83 Keratan sulfate 69:83 Keratan sulfate 69:83 Keratan sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan that has been investigated in the cornea and skeletal tissues for decades. 25325967 1 10 theme Keratan 69:75 arg1 glycosaminoglycan 90:106 a glycosaminoglycan 88:106 a glycosaminoglycan that has been investigated in the cornea and skeletal tissues for decades 88:180 Keratan sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan that has been investigated in the cornea and skeletal tissues for decades. 25325967 5 11 theme keratan 494:500 arg1 regulator 577:585 a regulator 575:585 a regulator of neuronal regeneration/sprouting 575:620 It has been shown that keratan sulfate is also expressed in the central nervous system and functions as a regulator of neuronal regeneration/sprouting. 25325967 5 11 theme keratan 494:500 arg1 sulfate 502:508 keratan sulfate 494:508 keratan sulfate 494:508 It has been shown that keratan sulfate is also expressed in the central nervous system and functions as a regulator of neuronal regeneration/sprouting. 25325967 1 12 dep cornea 142:147 arg1 the 138:140 the 138:140 the 138:140 Keratan sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan that has been investigated in the cornea and skeletal tissues for decades. 25325967 6 13 theme GlcNAc6ST 688:696 arg1 activity 676:683 the enzymatic activity 662:683 the enzymatic activity of GlcNAc6ST, which is involved in keratan sulfate biosynthesis 662:747 Here, we describe methods to determine the enzymatic activity of GlcNAc6ST, which is involved in keratan sulfate biosynthesis, and to extract and prepare ocular keratan sulfate for a disaccharide composition analysis. 25325967 0 14 theme Keratan 0:6 arg1 sulfate 8:14 Keratan sulfate 0:14 Keratan sulfate 0:14 Keratan sulfate: biosynthesis, structures, and biological functions. 25325967 6 15 theme disaccharide 806:817 arg1 analysis 831:838 a disaccharide composition analysis 804:838 a disaccharide composition analysis 804:838 Here, we describe methods to determine the enzymatic activity of GlcNAc6ST, which is involved in keratan sulfate biosynthesis, and to extract and prepare ocular keratan sulfate for a disaccharide composition analysis. 25325967 2 16 theme monoclonal 204:213 arg1 antibodies 215:224 monoclonal antibodies 204:224 monoclonal antibodies 204:224 Endoglycosidases and monoclonal antibodies specific for keratan sulfate have been developed. 25325967 4 17 theme biological 413:422 arg1 roles 424:428 the biological roles 409:428 the biological roles of keratan sulfate 409:447 Likewise, they have expedited study of the biological roles of keratan sulfate in vitro and in vivo. 25325967 6 18 dep describe 632:639 arg1 extract 757:763 extract 757:763 extract 757:763 Here, we describe methods to determine the enzymatic activity of GlcNAc6ST, which is involved in keratan sulfate biosynthesis, and to extract and prepare ocular keratan sulfate for a disaccharide composition analysis. 25325967 6 18 dep describe 632:639 arg1 determine 652:660 determine 652:660 to determine the enzymatic activity of GlcNAc6ST, which is involved in keratan sulfate biosynthesis 649:747 Here, we describe methods to determine the enzymatic activity of GlcNAc6ST, which is involved in keratan sulfate biosynthesis, and to extract and prepare ocular keratan sulfate for a disaccharide composition analysis. 25325967 3 19 dep sulfate 333:339 arg1 biosynthesis 341:352 biosynthesis 341:352 biosynthesis 341:352 These materials have facilitated the analysis of keratan sulfate biosynthesis and structures. 25325967 6 20 theme enzymatic 666:674 arg1 activity 676:683 the enzymatic activity 662:683 the enzymatic activity of GlcNAc6ST, which is involved in keratan sulfate biosynthesis 662:747 Here, we describe methods to determine the enzymatic activity of GlcNAc6ST, which is involved in keratan sulfate biosynthesis, and to extract and prepare ocular keratan sulfate for a disaccharide composition analysis. 25325967 2 21 theme keratan 239:245 arg1 sulfate 247:253 keratan sulfate 239:253 keratan sulfate 239:253 Endoglycosidases and monoclonal antibodies specific for keratan sulfate have been developed. 25325967 2 22 theme specific 226:233 arg1 Endoglycosidases 183:198 Endoglycosidases 183:198 Endoglycosidases 183:198 Endoglycosidases and monoclonal antibodies specific for keratan sulfate have been developed. 25325967 5 23 theme central 535:541 arg1 system 551:556 the central nervous system 531:556 the central nervous system 531:556 It has been shown that keratan sulfate is also expressed in the central nervous system and functions as a regulator of neuronal regeneration/sprouting. 25325967 4 24 theme keratan 433:439 arg1 sulfate 441:447 keratan sulfate 433:447 keratan sulfate 433:447 Likewise, they have expedited study of the biological roles of keratan sulfate in vitro and in vivo. 25325967 5 25 theme nervous 543:549 arg1 system 551:556 the central nervous system 531:556 the central nervous system 531:556 It has been shown that keratan sulfate is also expressed in the central nervous system and functions as a regulator of neuronal regeneration/sprouting. 25325967 7 26 from Immunohistochemistry 841:860 arg1 brain 905:909 the brain 901:909 the brain 901:909 Immunohistochemistry for an anti-keratan sulfate epitope in the brain is also described. 25325967 0 27 dep biosynthesis 17:28 arg1 sulfate 8:14 Keratan sulfate 0:14 Keratan sulfate 0:14 Keratan sulfate: biosynthesis, structures, and biological functions. 25325967 6 28 theme composition 819:829 arg1 analysis 831:838 a disaccharide composition analysis 804:838 a disaccharide composition analysis 804:838 Here, we describe methods to determine the enzymatic activity of GlcNAc6ST, which is involved in keratan sulfate biosynthesis, and to extract and prepare ocular keratan sulfate for a disaccharide composition analysis. 25325967 6 29 theme sulfate 728:734 arg1 biosynthesis 736:747 keratan sulfate biosynthesis 720:747 keratan sulfate biosynthesis 720:747 Here, we describe methods to determine the enzymatic activity of GlcNAc6ST, which is involved in keratan sulfate biosynthesis, and to extract and prepare ocular keratan sulfate for a disaccharide composition analysis. 25325967 6 30 theme keratan 784:790 arg1 sulfate 792:798 ocular keratan sulfate 777:798 ocular keratan sulfate 777:798 Here, we describe methods to determine the enzymatic activity of GlcNAc6ST, which is involved in keratan sulfate biosynthesis, and to extract and prepare ocular keratan sulfate for a disaccharide composition analysis. 25325967 4 31 theme sulfate 441:447 arg1 roles 424:428 the biological roles 409:428 the biological roles of keratan sulfate 409:447 Likewise, they have expedited study of the biological roles of keratan sulfate in vitro and in vivo. 25325967 6 32 theme keratan 720:726 arg1 sulfate 728:734 keratan sulfate 720:734 keratan sulfate biosynthesis 720:747 Here, we describe methods to determine the enzymatic activity of GlcNAc6ST, which is involved in keratan sulfate biosynthesis, and to extract and prepare ocular keratan sulfate for a disaccharide composition analysis. 25325967 0 33 theme biological 47:56 arg1 functions 58:66 biological functions 47:66 biological functions 47:66 Keratan sulfate: biosynthesis, structures, and biological functions. 29275202 2 0 theme noodle 427:432 arg1 production 434:443 rice noodle production 422:443 rice noodle production 422:443 The gums, each at 0.05 and 0.10 g/100 g wet basis, were added to the flour during rice noodle production. 29275202 1 1 theme fermented 298:306 arg1 noodles 313:319 dried-natural fermented rice noodles 284:319 dried-natural fermented rice noodles 284:319 The effects of gums including carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), xanthan gum (XG) and guar gum (GG) on physical properties, microstructure and starch digestibility of dried-natural fermented rice noodles were investigated. 29275202 1 2 theme carboxymethyl 151:163 arg1 CMC 176:178 CMC 176:178 CMC 176:178 The effects of gums including carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), xanthan gum (XG) and guar gum (GG) on physical properties, microstructure and starch digestibility of dried-natural fermented rice noodles were investigated. 29275202 1 2 theme carboxymethyl 151:163 arg1 cellulose 165:173 carboxymethyl cellulose 151:173 carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 151:179 The effects of gums including carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), xanthan gum (XG) and guar gum (GG) on physical properties, microstructure and starch digestibility of dried-natural fermented rice noodles were investigated. 29275202 7 3 theme rice 968:971 arg1 noodles 973:979 rice noodles 968:979 rice noodles 968:979 The addition of gums promoted the porous microstructure in rice noodles. 29275202 2 4 theme rice 422:425 arg1 production 434:443 rice noodle production 422:443 rice noodle production 422:443 The gums, each at 0.05 and 0.10 g/100 g wet basis, were added to the flour during rice noodle production. 29275202 1 5 theme rice 308:311 arg1 noodles 313:319 dried-natural fermented rice noodles 284:319 dried-natural fermented rice noodles 284:319 The effects of gums including carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), xanthan gum (XG) and guar gum (GG) on physical properties, microstructure and starch digestibility of dried-natural fermented rice noodles were investigated. 29275202 10 6 theme texture 1299:1305 arg1 quality 1319:1325 the texture and cooking quality 1295:1325 the texture and cooking quality of dried-natural fermented rice noodles 1295:1365 It is concluded that CMC, XG and GG improved the texture and cooking quality of dried-natural fermented rice noodles but they had negative effects on starch digestion rate and estimated GI. 29275202 0 7 theme fermented 97:105 arg1 noodles 112:118 dried-natural fermented rice noodles 83:118 dried-natural fermented rice noodles 83:118 Effects of gums on physical properties, microstructure and starch digestibility of dried-natural fermented rice noodles. 29275202 0 8 from Effects 0:6 arg1 digestibility 66:78 starch digestibility 59:78 starch digestibility 59:78 Effects of gums on physical properties, microstructure and starch digestibility of dried-natural fermented rice noodles. 29275202 0 8 from Effects 0:6 arg1 properties 28:37 physical properties 19:37 physical properties 19:37 Effects of gums on physical properties, microstructure and starch digestibility of dried-natural fermented rice noodles. 29275202 0 8 from Effects 0:6 arg1 microstructure 40:53 microstructure 40:53 microstructure 40:53 Effects of gums on physical properties, microstructure and starch digestibility of dried-natural fermented rice noodles. 29275202 10 9 theme cooking 1311:1317 arg1 quality 1319:1325 the texture and cooking quality 1295:1325 the texture and cooking quality of dried-natural fermented rice noodles 1295:1365 It is concluded that CMC, XG and GG improved the texture and cooking quality of dried-natural fermented rice noodles but they had negative effects on starch digestion rate and estimated GI. 29275202 4 10 theme water 527:531 arg1 absorption 533:542 water absorption 527:542 water absorption 527:542 Physical properties (color, water absorption, cooking loss and firmness), microstructure, starch composition and in vitro starch digestibility were determined. 29275202 4 10 theme water 527:531 arg1 properties 508:517 Physical properties 499:517 Physical properties (color, water absorption, cooking loss and firmness) 499:570 Physical properties (color, water absorption, cooking loss and firmness), microstructure, starch composition and in vitro starch digestibility were determined. 29275202 0 11 theme dried-natural 83:95 arg1 noodles 112:118 dried-natural fermented rice noodles 83:118 dried-natural fermented rice noodles 83:118 Effects of gums on physical properties, microstructure and starch digestibility of dried-natural fermented rice noodles. 29275202 4 12 dep properties 508:517 arg1 firmness 562:569 firmness 562:569 firmness 562:569 Physical properties (color, water absorption, cooking loss and firmness), microstructure, starch composition and in vitro starch digestibility were determined. 29275202 4 12 dep properties 508:517 arg1 properties 508:517 Physical properties 499:517 Physical properties (color, water absorption, cooking loss and firmness) 499:570 Physical properties (color, water absorption, cooking loss and firmness), microstructure, starch composition and in vitro starch digestibility were determined. 29275202 4 12 dep properties 508:517 arg1 color 520:524 color 520:524 color 520:524 Physical properties (color, water absorption, cooking loss and firmness), microstructure, starch composition and in vitro starch digestibility were determined. 29275202 4 12 dep properties 508:517 arg1 absorption 533:542 water absorption 527:542 water absorption 527:542 Physical properties (color, water absorption, cooking loss and firmness), microstructure, starch composition and in vitro starch digestibility were determined. 29275202 4 12 dep properties 508:517 arg1 loss 553:556 cooking loss 545:556 cooking loss 545:556 Physical properties (color, water absorption, cooking loss and firmness), microstructure, starch composition and in vitro starch digestibility were determined. 29275202 4 13 theme starch 621:626 arg1 digestibility 628:640 in vitro starch digestibility 612:640 in vitro starch digestibility 612:640 Physical properties (color, water absorption, cooking loss and firmness), microstructure, starch composition and in vitro starch digestibility were determined. 29275202 4 13 theme starch 621:626 arg1 properties 508:517 Physical properties 499:517 Physical properties (color, water absorption, cooking loss and firmness) 499:570 Physical properties (color, water absorption, cooking loss and firmness), microstructure, starch composition and in vitro starch digestibility were determined. 29275202 0 14 theme noodles 112:118 arg1 digestibility 66:78 starch digestibility 59:78 starch digestibility 59:78 Effects of gums on physical properties, microstructure and starch digestibility of dried-natural fermented rice noodles. 29275202 0 14 theme noodles 112:118 arg1 properties 28:37 physical properties 19:37 physical properties 19:37 Effects of gums on physical properties, microstructure and starch digestibility of dried-natural fermented rice noodles. 29275202 0 14 theme noodles 112:118 arg1 microstructure 40:53 microstructure 40:53 microstructure 40:53 Effects of gums on physical properties, microstructure and starch digestibility of dried-natural fermented rice noodles. 29275202 10 15 theme noodles 1359:1365 arg1 quality 1319:1325 the texture and cooking quality 1295:1325 the texture and cooking quality of dried-natural fermented rice noodles 1295:1365 It is concluded that CMC, XG and GG improved the texture and cooking quality of dried-natural fermented rice noodles but they had negative effects on starch digestion rate and estimated GI. 29275202 4 16 dep in 612:613 arg1 vitro 615:619 vitro 615:619 vitro 615:619 Physical properties (color, water absorption, cooking loss and firmness), microstructure, starch composition and in vitro starch digestibility were determined. 29275202 0 17 theme rice 107:110 arg1 noodles 112:118 dried-natural fermented rice noodles 83:118 dried-natural fermented rice noodles 83:118 Effects of gums on physical properties, microstructure and starch digestibility of dried-natural fermented rice noodles. 29275202 9 18 theme GI 1209:1210 arg1 values 1212:1217 estimated GI values 1199:1217 estimated GI values 1199:1217 Samples with XG showed the highest starch digestion rate and estimated GI values when compared with CMC and GG. 29275202 10 19 theme rice 1354:1357 arg1 noodles 1359:1365 dried-natural fermented rice noodles 1330:1365 dried-natural fermented rice noodles 1330:1365 It is concluded that CMC, XG and GG improved the texture and cooking quality of dried-natural fermented rice noodles but they had negative effects on starch digestion rate and estimated GI. 29275202 1 20 from effects 125:131 arg1 microstructure 241:254 microstructure 241:254 microstructure 241:254 The effects of gums including carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), xanthan gum (XG) and guar gum (GG) on physical properties, microstructure and starch digestibility of dried-natural fermented rice noodles were investigated. 29275202 1 20 from effects 125:131 arg1 digestibility 267:279 starch digestibility 260:279 starch digestibility 260:279 The effects of gums including carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), xanthan gum (XG) and guar gum (GG) on physical properties, microstructure and starch digestibility of dried-natural fermented rice noodles were investigated. 29275202 1 20 from effects 125:131 arg1 properties 229:238 physical properties 220:238 physical properties 220:238 The effects of gums including carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), xanthan gum (XG) and guar gum (GG) on physical properties, microstructure and starch digestibility of dried-natural fermented rice noodles were investigated. 29275202 8 21 theme high 1102:1105 arg1 GI 1133:1134 GI 1133:1134 GI 1133:1134 In terms of starch digestibility, the addition of gums increased the rate of starch digestion and consequently provided high estimated glycemic index (GI). 29275202 8 21 theme high 1102:1105 arg1 index 1126:1130 high estimated glycemic index 1102:1130 high estimated glycemic index (GI) 1102:1135 In terms of starch digestibility, the addition of gums increased the rate of starch digestion and consequently provided high estimated glycemic index (GI). 29275202 5 22 theme fermented 737:745 arg1 noodles 752:758 rehydrated fermented rice noodles 726:758 rehydrated fermented rice noodles 726:758 Generally, the addition of gums improved the physical qualities of rehydrated fermented rice noodles as evidenced by high water absorption and low cooking loss. 29275202 6 23 theme properties 881:890 arg1 improvement 853:863 improvement 853:863 improvement of the physical properties of rice noodles 853:906 CMC provided the best result for improvement of the physical properties of rice noodles. 29275202 10 24 theme fermented 1344:1352 arg1 noodles 1359:1365 dried-natural fermented rice noodles 1330:1365 dried-natural fermented rice noodles 1330:1365 It is concluded that CMC, XG and GG improved the texture and cooking quality of dried-natural fermented rice noodles but they had negative effects on starch digestion rate and estimated GI. 29275202 6 25 theme noodles 900:906 arg1 properties 881:890 the physical properties 868:890 the physical properties of rice noodles 868:906 CMC provided the best result for improvement of the physical properties of rice noodles. 29275202 5 26 theme low 802:804 arg1 loss 814:817 low cooking loss 802:817 low cooking loss 802:817 Generally, the addition of gums improved the physical qualities of rehydrated fermented rice noodles as evidenced by high water absorption and low cooking loss. 29275202 5 27 theme rice 747:750 arg1 noodles 752:758 rehydrated fermented rice noodles 726:758 rehydrated fermented rice noodles 726:758 Generally, the addition of gums improved the physical qualities of rehydrated fermented rice noodles as evidenced by high water absorption and low cooking loss. 29275202 1 28 theme physical 220:227 arg1 properties 229:238 physical properties 220:238 physical properties 220:238 The effects of gums including carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), xanthan gum (XG) and guar gum (GG) on physical properties, microstructure and starch digestibility of dried-natural fermented rice noodles were investigated. 29275202 10 29 theme dried-natural 1330:1342 arg1 noodles 1359:1365 dried-natural fermented rice noodles 1330:1365 dried-natural fermented rice noodles 1330:1365 It is concluded that CMC, XG and GG improved the texture and cooking quality of dried-natural fermented rice noodles but they had negative effects on starch digestion rate and estimated GI. 29275202 8 30 theme starch 1059:1064 arg1 digestion 1066:1074 starch digestion 1059:1074 starch digestion 1059:1074 In terms of starch digestibility, the addition of gums increased the rate of starch digestion and consequently provided high estimated glycemic index (GI). 29275202 4 31 theme starch 589:594 arg1 properties 508:517 Physical properties 499:517 Physical properties (color, water absorption, cooking loss and firmness) 499:570 Physical properties (color, water absorption, cooking loss and firmness), microstructure, starch composition and in vitro starch digestibility were determined. 29275202 4 31 theme starch 589:594 arg1 composition 596:606 starch composition 589:606 starch composition 589:606 Physical properties (color, water absorption, cooking loss and firmness), microstructure, starch composition and in vitro starch digestibility were determined. 29275202 5 32 theme noodles 752:758 arg1 qualities 713:721 the physical qualities 700:721 the physical qualities of rehydrated fermented rice noodles 700:758 Generally, the addition of gums improved the physical qualities of rehydrated fermented rice noodles as evidenced by high water absorption and low cooking loss. 29275202 6 33 theme rice 895:898 arg1 noodles 900:906 rice noodles 895:906 rice noodles 895:906 CMC provided the best result for improvement of the physical properties of rice noodles. 29275202 8 34 theme digestibility 1001:1013 arg1 terms 985:989 terms 985:989 terms of starch digestibility 985:1013 In terms of starch digestibility, the addition of gums increased the rate of starch digestion and consequently provided high estimated glycemic index (GI). 29275202 3 35 theme gums 493:496 arg1 addition 481:488 the addition 477:488 the addition of gums 477:496 Control was the sample without the addition of gums. 29275202 2 36 theme wet 380:382 arg1 basis 384:388 0.05 and 0.10 g/100 g wet basis 358:388 0.05 and 0.10 g/100 g wet basis 358:388 The gums, each at 0.05 and 0.10 g/100 g wet basis, were added to the flour during rice noodle production. 29275202 0 37 theme gums 11:14 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of gums on physical properties, microstructure and starch digestibility of dried-natural fermented rice noodles. 0:119 Effects of gums on physical properties, microstructure and starch digestibility of dried-natural fermented rice noodles. 29275202 10 38 theme digestion 1407:1415 arg1 rate 1417:1420 starch digestion rate 1400:1420 starch digestion rate 1400:1420 It is concluded that CMC, XG and GG improved the texture and cooking quality of dried-natural fermented rice noodles but they had negative effects on starch digestion rate and estimated GI. 29275202 8 39 theme starch 994:999 arg1 digestibility 1001:1013 starch digestibility 994:1013 starch digestibility 994:1013 In terms of starch digestibility, the addition of gums increased the rate of starch digestion and consequently provided high estimated glycemic index (GI). 29275202 10 40 theme estimated 1426:1434 arg1 GI 1436:1437 estimated GI 1426:1437 estimated GI 1426:1437 It is concluded that CMC, XG and GG improved the texture and cooking quality of dried-natural fermented rice noodles but they had negative effects on starch digestion rate and estimated GI. 29275202 9 41 with Samples 1138:1144 arg1 XG 1151:1152 XG 1151:1152 XG 1151:1152 Samples with XG showed the highest starch digestion rate and estimated GI values when compared with CMC and GG. 29275202 4 42 theme in 612:613 arg1 digestibility 628:640 in vitro starch digestibility 612:640 in vitro starch digestibility 612:640 Physical properties (color, water absorption, cooking loss and firmness), microstructure, starch composition and in vitro starch digestibility were determined. 29275202 4 42 theme in 612:613 arg1 properties 508:517 Physical properties 499:517 Physical properties (color, water absorption, cooking loss and firmness) 499:570 Physical properties (color, water absorption, cooking loss and firmness), microstructure, starch composition and in vitro starch digestibility were determined. 29275202 5 43 theme physical 704:711 arg1 qualities 713:721 the physical qualities 700:721 the physical qualities of rehydrated fermented rice noodles 700:758 Generally, the addition of gums improved the physical qualities of rehydrated fermented rice noodles as evidenced by high water absorption and low cooking loss. 29275202 4 44 theme Physical 499:506 arg1 firmness 562:569 firmness 562:569 firmness 562:569 Physical properties (color, water absorption, cooking loss and firmness), microstructure, starch composition and in vitro starch digestibility were determined. 29275202 4 44 theme Physical 499:506 arg1 absorption 533:542 water absorption 527:542 water absorption 527:542 Physical properties (color, water absorption, cooking loss and firmness), microstructure, starch composition and in vitro starch digestibility were determined. 29275202 4 44 theme Physical 499:506 arg1 properties 508:517 Physical properties 499:517 Physical properties (color, water absorption, cooking loss and firmness) 499:570 Physical properties (color, water absorption, cooking loss and firmness), microstructure, starch composition and in vitro starch digestibility were determined. 29275202 4 44 theme Physical 499:506 arg1 microstructure 573:586 microstructure 573:586 microstructure 573:586 Physical properties (color, water absorption, cooking loss and firmness), microstructure, starch composition and in vitro starch digestibility were determined. 29275202 4 44 theme Physical 499:506 arg1 loss 553:556 cooking loss 545:556 cooking loss 545:556 Physical properties (color, water absorption, cooking loss and firmness), microstructure, starch composition and in vitro starch digestibility were determined. 29275202 4 44 theme Physical 499:506 arg1 color 520:524 color 520:524 color 520:524 Physical properties (color, water absorption, cooking loss and firmness), microstructure, starch composition and in vitro starch digestibility were determined. 29275202 4 44 theme Physical 499:506 arg1 digestibility 628:640 in vitro starch digestibility 612:640 in vitro starch digestibility 612:640 Physical properties (color, water absorption, cooking loss and firmness), microstructure, starch composition and in vitro starch digestibility were determined. 29275202 4 44 theme Physical 499:506 arg1 composition 596:606 starch composition 589:606 starch composition 589:606 Physical properties (color, water absorption, cooking loss and firmness), microstructure, starch composition and in vitro starch digestibility were determined. 29275202 5 45 theme cooking 806:812 arg1 loss 814:817 low cooking loss 802:817 low cooking loss 802:817 Generally, the addition of gums improved the physical qualities of rehydrated fermented rice noodles as evidenced by high water absorption and low cooking loss. 29275202 5 46 theme high 776:779 arg1 absorption 787:796 high water absorption 776:796 high water absorption 776:796 Generally, the addition of gums improved the physical qualities of rehydrated fermented rice noodles as evidenced by high water absorption and low cooking loss. 29275202 0 47 theme physical 19:26 arg1 properties 28:37 physical properties 19:37 physical properties 19:37 Effects of gums on physical properties, microstructure and starch digestibility of dried-natural fermented rice noodles. 29275202 6 48 theme physical 872:879 arg1 properties 881:890 the physical properties 868:890 the physical properties of rice noodles 868:906 CMC provided the best result for improvement of the physical properties of rice noodles. 29275202 5 49 theme water 781:785 arg1 absorption 787:796 high water absorption 776:796 high water absorption 776:796 Generally, the addition of gums improved the physical qualities of rehydrated fermented rice noodles as evidenced by high water absorption and low cooking loss. 29275202 1 50 theme starch 260:265 arg1 digestibility 267:279 starch digestibility 260:279 starch digestibility 260:279 The effects of gums including carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), xanthan gum (XG) and guar gum (GG) on physical properties, microstructure and starch digestibility of dried-natural fermented rice noodles were investigated. 29275202 5 51 theme rehydrated 726:735 arg1 noodles 752:758 rehydrated fermented rice noodles 726:758 rehydrated fermented rice noodles 726:758 Generally, the addition of gums improved the physical qualities of rehydrated fermented rice noodles as evidenced by high water absorption and low cooking loss. 29275202 10 52 theme negative 1380:1387 arg1 effects 1389:1395 negative effects 1380:1395 negative effects 1380:1395 It is concluded that CMC, XG and GG improved the texture and cooking quality of dried-natural fermented rice noodles but they had negative effects on starch digestion rate and estimated GI. 29275202 7 53 theme porous 943:948 arg1 microstructure 950:963 the porous microstructure 939:963 the porous microstructure in rice noodles 939:979 The addition of gums promoted the porous microstructure in rice noodles. 29275202 1 54 theme noodles 313:319 arg1 microstructure 241:254 microstructure 241:254 microstructure 241:254 The effects of gums including carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), xanthan gum (XG) and guar gum (GG) on physical properties, microstructure and starch digestibility of dried-natural fermented rice noodles were investigated. 29275202 1 54 theme noodles 313:319 arg1 digestibility 267:279 starch digestibility 260:279 starch digestibility 260:279 The effects of gums including carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), xanthan gum (XG) and guar gum (GG) on physical properties, microstructure and starch digestibility of dried-natural fermented rice noodles were investigated. 29275202 1 54 theme noodles 313:319 arg1 properties 229:238 physical properties 220:238 physical properties 220:238 The effects of gums including carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), xanthan gum (XG) and guar gum (GG) on physical properties, microstructure and starch digestibility of dried-natural fermented rice noodles were investigated. 29275202 10 55 theme starch 1400:1405 arg1 rate 1417:1420 starch digestion rate 1400:1420 starch digestion rate 1400:1420 It is concluded that CMC, XG and GG improved the texture and cooking quality of dried-natural fermented rice noodles but they had negative effects on starch digestion rate and estimated GI. 29275202 6 56 theme best 837:840 arg1 result 842:847 the best result 833:847 the best result for improvement of the physical properties of rice noodles 833:906 CMC provided the best result for improvement of the physical properties of rice noodles. 29275202 9 57 theme highest 1165:1171 arg1 rate 1190:1193 the highest starch digestion rate 1161:1193 the highest starch digestion rate 1161:1193 Samples with XG showed the highest starch digestion rate and estimated GI values when compared with CMC and GG. 29275202 7 58 theme gums 925:928 arg1 addition 913:920 The addition 909:920 The addition of gums 909:928 The addition of gums promoted the porous microstructure in rice noodles. 29275202 8 59 theme digestion 1066:1074 arg1 rate 1051:1054 the rate 1047:1054 the rate of starch digestion 1047:1074 In terms of starch digestibility, the addition of gums increased the rate of starch digestion and consequently provided high estimated glycemic index (GI). 29275202 10 60 contain had 1376:1378 arg1 they 1371:1374 they 1371:1374 they 1371:1374 It is concluded that CMC, XG and GG improved the texture and cooking quality of dried-natural fermented rice noodles but they had negative effects on starch digestion rate and estimated GI. 29275202 10 60 contain had 1376:1378 arg2 effects 1389:1395 negative effects 1380:1395 negative effects 1380:1395 It is concluded that CMC, XG and GG improved the texture and cooking quality of dried-natural fermented rice noodles but they had negative effects on starch digestion rate and estimated GI. 29275202 7 61 from microstructure 950:963 arg1 noodles 973:979 rice noodles 968:979 rice noodles 968:979 The addition of gums promoted the porous microstructure in rice noodles. 29275202 8 62 theme gums 1032:1035 arg1 addition 1020:1027 the addition 1016:1027 the addition of gums 1016:1035 In terms of starch digestibility, the addition of gums increased the rate of starch digestion and consequently provided high estimated glycemic index (GI). 29275202 9 63 theme starch 1173:1178 arg1 rate 1190:1193 the highest starch digestion rate 1161:1193 the highest starch digestion rate 1161:1193 Samples with XG showed the highest starch digestion rate and estimated GI values when compared with CMC and GG. 29275202 0 64 theme starch 59:64 arg1 digestibility 66:78 starch digestibility 59:78 starch digestibility 59:78 Effects of gums on physical properties, microstructure and starch digestibility of dried-natural fermented rice noodles. 29275202 9 65 theme digestion 1180:1188 arg1 rate 1190:1193 the highest starch digestion rate 1161:1193 the highest starch digestion rate 1161:1193 Samples with XG showed the highest starch digestion rate and estimated GI values when compared with CMC and GG. 29275202 1 66 theme xanthan 182:188 arg1 gum 190:192 xanthan gum 182:192 xanthan gum (XG) 182:197 The effects of gums including carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), xanthan gum (XG) and guar gum (GG) on physical properties, microstructure and starch digestibility of dried-natural fermented rice noodles were investigated. 29275202 1 66 theme xanthan 182:188 arg1 XG 195:196 XG 195:196 XG 195:196 The effects of gums including carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), xanthan gum (XG) and guar gum (GG) on physical properties, microstructure and starch digestibility of dried-natural fermented rice noodles were investigated. 29275202 1 67 theme gums 136:139 arg1 effects 125:131 The effects 121:131 The effects of gums including carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), xanthan gum (XG) and guar gum (GG) on physical properties, microstructure and starch digestibility of dried-natural fermented rice noodles 121:319 The effects of gums including carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), xanthan gum (XG) and guar gum (GG) on physical properties, microstructure and starch digestibility of dried-natural fermented rice noodles were investigated. 29275202 9 68 theme estimated 1199:1207 arg1 values 1212:1217 estimated GI values 1199:1217 estimated GI values 1199:1217 Samples with XG showed the highest starch digestion rate and estimated GI values when compared with CMC and GG. 29275202 1 69 theme guar 203:206 arg1 GG 213:214 GG 213:214 GG 213:214 The effects of gums including carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), xanthan gum (XG) and guar gum (GG) on physical properties, microstructure and starch digestibility of dried-natural fermented rice noodles were investigated. 29275202 1 69 theme guar 203:206 arg1 gum 208:210 guar gum 203:210 guar gum (GG) 203:215 The effects of gums including carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), xanthan gum (XG) and guar gum (GG) on physical properties, microstructure and starch digestibility of dried-natural fermented rice noodles were investigated. 29275202 5 70 theme gums 686:689 arg1 addition 674:681 the addition 670:681 the addition of gums 670:689 Generally, the addition of gums improved the physical qualities of rehydrated fermented rice noodles as evidenced by high water absorption and low cooking loss. 29275202 1 71 theme dried-natural 284:296 arg1 noodles 313:319 dried-natural fermented rice noodles 284:319 dried-natural fermented rice noodles 284:319 The effects of gums including carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), xanthan gum (XG) and guar gum (GG) on physical properties, microstructure and starch digestibility of dried-natural fermented rice noodles were investigated. 29275202 8 72 theme glycemic 1117:1124 arg1 GI 1133:1134 GI 1133:1134 GI 1133:1134 In terms of starch digestibility, the addition of gums increased the rate of starch digestion and consequently provided high estimated glycemic index (GI). 29275202 8 72 theme glycemic 1117:1124 arg1 index 1126:1130 high estimated glycemic index 1102:1130 high estimated glycemic index (GI) 1102:1135 In terms of starch digestibility, the addition of gums increased the rate of starch digestion and consequently provided high estimated glycemic index (GI). 29275202 8 73 theme estimated 1107:1115 arg1 GI 1133:1134 GI 1133:1134 GI 1133:1134 In terms of starch digestibility, the addition of gums increased the rate of starch digestion and consequently provided high estimated glycemic index (GI). 29275202 8 73 theme estimated 1107:1115 arg1 index 1126:1130 high estimated glycemic index 1102:1130 high estimated glycemic index (GI) 1102:1135 In terms of starch digestibility, the addition of gums increased the rate of starch digestion and consequently provided high estimated glycemic index (GI). 29275202 4 74 theme cooking 545:551 arg1 properties 508:517 Physical properties 499:517 Physical properties (color, water absorption, cooking loss and firmness) 499:570 Physical properties (color, water absorption, cooking loss and firmness), microstructure, starch composition and in vitro starch digestibility were determined. 29275202 4 74 theme cooking 545:551 arg1 loss 553:556 cooking loss 545:556 cooking loss 545:556 Physical properties (color, water absorption, cooking loss and firmness), microstructure, starch composition and in vitro starch digestibility were determined. 27127062 3 0 with matrix 515:520 arg1 diameter 527:534 diameter 527:534 diameter of 50-500nm 527:546 The composite scaffolds consisted of a nanofibrous PLLA matrix with diameter of 50-500nm, and chitosan fibers with diameter of about 20μm were homogenously distributed in the PLLA matrix as a microsized reinforcer. 27127062 4 1 theme high 707:710 arg1 porosity 712:719 high porosity 707:719 high porosity (>94%) 707:726 The composite scaffolds also had high porosity (>94%) and hierarchical pore size, which were consisted of both micropores (50nm-10μm) and macropores (50-300μm). 27127062 4 1 theme high 707:710 arg1 % 725:725 >94% 722:725 >94% 722:725 The composite scaffolds also had high porosity (>94%) and hierarchical pore size, which were consisted of both micropores (50nm-10μm) and macropores (50-300μm). 27127062 0 2 theme chitosan 60:67 arg1 biocompatibility 16:31 biocompatibility 16:31 biocompatibility 16:31 Fabrication and biocompatibility of poly(l-lactic acid) and chitosan composite scaffolds with hierarchical microstructures. 27127062 0 2 theme chitosan 60:67 arg1 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication and biocompatibility of poly(l-lactic acid) and chitosan composite scaffolds with hierarchical microstructures. 27127062 5 3 theme chemical 871:878 arg1 composition 880:890 chemical composition 871:890 chemical composition 871:890 By tailoring the microstructure and chemical composition, the mechanical property, pH buffer and protein adsorption capacity of the composite scaffold were improved significantly compared with those of PLLA scaffold. 27127062 2 4 theme pore 343:346 arg1 sizes 348:352 fiber and pore sizes 333:352 sizes 348:352 In this article, poly(l-lactic acid) and chitosan fiber (PLLA/CTSF) composite scaffolds with hierarchical microstructures both in fiber and pore sizes were successfully fabricated by combining thermal induced phase separation and salt leaching techniques. 27127062 2 5 with scaffolds 281:289 arg1 microstructures 309:323 hierarchical microstructures 296:323 hierarchical microstructures 296:323 In this article, poly(l-lactic acid) and chitosan fiber (PLLA/CTSF) composite scaffolds with hierarchical microstructures both in fiber and pore sizes were successfully fabricated by combining thermal induced phase separation and salt leaching techniques. 27127062 3 6 theme PLLA 634:637 arg1 matrix 639:644 the PLLA matrix 630:644 the PLLA matrix 630:644 The composite scaffolds consisted of a nanofibrous PLLA matrix with diameter of 50-500nm, and chitosan fibers with diameter of about 20μm were homogenously distributed in the PLLA matrix as a microsized reinforcer. 27127062 2 7 theme composite 271:279 arg1 scaffolds 281:289 poly(l-lactic acid) and chitosan fiber (PLLA/CTSF) composite scaffolds 220:289 poly(l-lactic acid) and chitosan fiber (PLLA/CTSF) composite scaffolds with hierarchical microstructures both in fiber and pore sizes 220:352 In this article, poly(l-lactic acid) and chitosan fiber (PLLA/CTSF) composite scaffolds with hierarchical microstructures both in fiber and pore sizes were successfully fabricated by combining thermal induced phase separation and salt leaching techniques. 27127062 5 8 theme composite 967:975 arg1 scaffold 977:984 the composite scaffold 963:984 the composite scaffold 963:984 By tailoring the microstructure and chemical composition, the mechanical property, pH buffer and protein adsorption capacity of the composite scaffold were improved significantly compared with those of PLLA scaffold. 27127062 4 9 dep had 703:705 arg1 consisted 767:775 consisted 767:775 were consisted of both micropores (50nm-10μm) and macropores (50-300μm) 762:832 The composite scaffolds also had high porosity (>94%) and hierarchical pore size, which were consisted of both micropores (50nm-10μm) and macropores (50-300μm). 27127062 3 10 theme chitosan 553:560 arg1 reinforcer 662:671 a microsized reinforcer 649:671 a microsized reinforcer 649:671 The composite scaffolds consisted of a nanofibrous PLLA matrix with diameter of 50-500nm, and chitosan fibers with diameter of about 20μm were homogenously distributed in the PLLA matrix as a microsized reinforcer. 27127062 3 10 theme chitosan 553:560 arg1 fibers 562:567 chitosan fibers 553:567 chitosan fibers with diameter of about 20μm 553:595 The composite scaffolds consisted of a nanofibrous PLLA matrix with diameter of 50-500nm, and chitosan fibers with diameter of about 20μm were homogenously distributed in the PLLA matrix as a microsized reinforcer. 27127062 3 11 theme 20μm 592:595 arg1 diameter 574:581 diameter 574:581 diameter of about 20μm 574:595 The composite scaffolds consisted of a nanofibrous PLLA matrix with diameter of 50-500nm, and chitosan fibers with diameter of about 20μm were homogenously distributed in the PLLA matrix as a microsized reinforcer. 27127062 5 12 theme pH 918:919 arg1 buffer 921:926 pH buffer and protein adsorption capacity 918:958 buffer 921:926 By tailoring the microstructure and chemical composition, the mechanical property, pH buffer and protein adsorption capacity of the composite scaffold were improved significantly compared with those of PLLA scaffold. 27127062 2 13 theme PLLA/CTSF 260:268 arg1 scaffolds 281:289 poly(l-lactic acid) and chitosan fiber (PLLA/CTSF) composite scaffolds 220:289 poly(l-lactic acid) and chitosan fiber (PLLA/CTSF) composite scaffolds with hierarchical microstructures both in fiber and pore sizes 220:352 In this article, poly(l-lactic acid) and chitosan fiber (PLLA/CTSF) composite scaffolds with hierarchical microstructures both in fiber and pore sizes were successfully fabricated by combining thermal induced phase separation and salt leaching techniques. 27127062 5 14 theme mechanical 897:906 arg1 microstructure 852:865 microstructure 852:865 microstructure 852:865 By tailoring the microstructure and chemical composition, the mechanical property, pH buffer and protein adsorption capacity of the composite scaffold were improved significantly compared with those of PLLA scaffold. 27127062 5 14 theme mechanical 897:906 arg1 property 908:915 the mechanical property 893:915 the mechanical property 893:915 By tailoring the microstructure and chemical composition, the mechanical property, pH buffer and protein adsorption capacity of the composite scaffold were improved significantly compared with those of PLLA scaffold. 27127062 1 15 theme tissue 178:183 arg1 functions 192:200 tissue normal functions 178:200 tissue normal functions 178:200 The scaffold microstructure is crucial to reconstruct tissue normal functions. 27127062 0 16 theme hierarchical 94:105 arg1 microstructures 107:121 hierarchical microstructures 94:121 hierarchical microstructures 94:121 Fabrication and biocompatibility of poly(l-lactic acid) and chitosan composite scaffolds with hierarchical microstructures. 27127062 6 17 theme composite 1106:1114 arg1 scaffolds 1116:1124 the PLLA/CTSF composite scaffolds 1092:1124 the PLLA/CTSF composite scaffolds 1092:1124 Cell culture results also revealed that the PLLA/CTSF composite scaffolds supported MG-63 osteoblast proliferation and penetration. 27127062 1 18 theme normal 185:190 arg1 functions 192:200 tissue normal functions 178:200 tissue normal functions 178:200 The scaffold microstructure is crucial to reconstruct tissue normal functions. 27127062 3 19 with fibers 562:567 arg1 diameter 574:581 diameter 574:581 diameter of about 20μm 574:595 The composite scaffolds consisted of a nanofibrous PLLA matrix with diameter of 50-500nm, and chitosan fibers with diameter of about 20μm were homogenously distributed in the PLLA matrix as a microsized reinforcer. 27127062 6 20 theme Cell 1052:1055 arg1 results 1065:1071 Cell culture results 1052:1071 Cell culture results 1052:1071 Cell culture results also revealed that the PLLA/CTSF composite scaffolds supported MG-63 osteoblast proliferation and penetration. 27127062 4 21 theme composite 678:686 arg1 scaffolds 688:696 The composite scaffolds 674:696 The composite scaffolds 674:696 The composite scaffolds also had high porosity (>94%) and hierarchical pore size, which were consisted of both micropores (50nm-10μm) and macropores (50-300μm). 27127062 2 22 theme hierarchical 296:307 arg1 microstructures 309:323 hierarchical microstructures 296:323 hierarchical microstructures 296:323 In this article, poly(l-lactic acid) and chitosan fiber (PLLA/CTSF) composite scaffolds with hierarchical microstructures both in fiber and pore sizes were successfully fabricated by combining thermal induced phase separation and salt leaching techniques. 27127062 2 23 theme leaching 438:445 arg1 techniques 447:456 thermal induced phase separation and salt leaching techniques 396:456 thermal induced phase separation and salt leaching techniques 396:456 In this article, poly(l-lactic acid) and chitosan fiber (PLLA/CTSF) composite scaffolds with hierarchical microstructures both in fiber and pore sizes were successfully fabricated by combining thermal induced phase separation and salt leaching techniques. 27127062 0 24 dep poly 36:39 arg1 composite 69:77 composite 69:77 composite 69:77 Fabrication and biocompatibility of poly(l-lactic acid) and chitosan composite scaffolds with hierarchical microstructures. 27127062 4 25 theme pore 745:748 arg1 size 750:753 hierarchical pore size 732:753 hierarchical pore size 732:753 The composite scaffolds also had high porosity (>94%) and hierarchical pore size, which were consisted of both micropores (50nm-10μm) and macropores (50-300μm). 27127062 5 26 theme protein 932:938 arg1 capacity 951:958 pH buffer and protein adsorption capacity 918:958 capacity 951:958 By tailoring the microstructure and chemical composition, the mechanical property, pH buffer and protein adsorption capacity of the composite scaffold were improved significantly compared with those of PLLA scaffold. 27127062 2 27 theme salt 433:436 arg1 leaching 438:445 salt leaching 433:445 salt leaching 433:445 In this article, poly(l-lactic acid) and chitosan fiber (PLLA/CTSF) composite scaffolds with hierarchical microstructures both in fiber and pore sizes were successfully fabricated by combining thermal induced phase separation and salt leaching techniques. 27127062 3 28 theme 50-500nm 539:546 arg1 diameter 527:534 diameter 527:534 diameter of 50-500nm 527:546 The composite scaffolds consisted of a nanofibrous PLLA matrix with diameter of 50-500nm, and chitosan fibers with diameter of about 20μm were homogenously distributed in the PLLA matrix as a microsized reinforcer. 27127062 4 29 theme hierarchical 732:743 arg1 size 750:753 hierarchical pore size 732:753 hierarchical pore size 732:753 The composite scaffolds also had high porosity (>94%) and hierarchical pore size, which were consisted of both micropores (50nm-10μm) and macropores (50-300μm). 27127062 2 30 theme separation 418:427 arg1 techniques 447:456 thermal induced phase separation and salt leaching techniques 396:456 thermal induced phase separation and salt leaching techniques 396:456 In this article, poly(l-lactic acid) and chitosan fiber (PLLA/CTSF) composite scaffolds with hierarchical microstructures both in fiber and pore sizes were successfully fabricated by combining thermal induced phase separation and salt leaching techniques. 27127062 3 31 theme PLLA 510:513 arg1 matrix 515:520 a nanofibrous PLLA matrix 496:520 a nanofibrous PLLA matrix with diameter of 50-500nm 496:546 The composite scaffolds consisted of a nanofibrous PLLA matrix with diameter of 50-500nm, and chitosan fibers with diameter of about 20μm were homogenously distributed in the PLLA matrix as a microsized reinforcer. 27127062 3 32 theme microsized 651:660 arg1 fibers 562:567 chitosan fibers 553:567 chitosan fibers with diameter of about 20μm 553:595 The composite scaffolds consisted of a nanofibrous PLLA matrix with diameter of 50-500nm, and chitosan fibers with diameter of about 20μm were homogenously distributed in the PLLA matrix as a microsized reinforcer. 27127062 3 32 theme microsized 651:660 arg1 reinforcer 662:671 a microsized reinforcer 649:671 a microsized reinforcer 649:671 The composite scaffolds consisted of a nanofibrous PLLA matrix with diameter of 50-500nm, and chitosan fibers with diameter of about 20μm were homogenously distributed in the PLLA matrix as a microsized reinforcer. 27127062 2 33 theme phase 412:416 arg1 separation 418:427 thermal induced phase separation 396:427 thermal induced phase separation 396:427 In this article, poly(l-lactic acid) and chitosan fiber (PLLA/CTSF) composite scaffolds with hierarchical microstructures both in fiber and pore sizes were successfully fabricated by combining thermal induced phase separation and salt leaching techniques. 27127062 0 34 theme poly 36:39 arg1 biocompatibility 16:31 biocompatibility 16:31 biocompatibility 16:31 Fabrication and biocompatibility of poly(l-lactic acid) and chitosan composite scaffolds with hierarchical microstructures. 27127062 0 34 theme poly 36:39 arg1 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication and biocompatibility of poly(l-lactic acid) and chitosan composite scaffolds with hierarchical microstructures. 27127062 2 35 theme l-lactic 225:232 arg1 poly 220:223 poly 220:223 poly(l-lactic acid) 220:238 In this article, poly(l-lactic acid) and chitosan fiber (PLLA/CTSF) composite scaffolds with hierarchical microstructures both in fiber and pore sizes were successfully fabricated by combining thermal induced phase separation and salt leaching techniques. 27127062 2 35 theme l-lactic 225:232 arg1 acid 234:237 l-lactic acid 225:237 l-lactic acid 225:237 In this article, poly(l-lactic acid) and chitosan fiber (PLLA/CTSF) composite scaffolds with hierarchical microstructures both in fiber and pore sizes were successfully fabricated by combining thermal induced phase separation and salt leaching techniques. 27127062 2 36 theme induced 404:410 arg1 separation 418:427 thermal induced phase separation 396:427 thermal induced phase separation 396:427 In this article, poly(l-lactic acid) and chitosan fiber (PLLA/CTSF) composite scaffolds with hierarchical microstructures both in fiber and pore sizes were successfully fabricated by combining thermal induced phase separation and salt leaching techniques. 27127062 5 37 theme adsorption 940:949 arg1 capacity 951:958 pH buffer and protein adsorption capacity 918:958 capacity 951:958 By tailoring the microstructure and chemical composition, the mechanical property, pH buffer and protein adsorption capacity of the composite scaffold were improved significantly compared with those of PLLA scaffold. 27127062 3 38 theme nanofibrous 498:508 arg1 matrix 515:520 a nanofibrous PLLA matrix 496:520 a nanofibrous PLLA matrix with diameter of 50-500nm 496:546 The composite scaffolds consisted of a nanofibrous PLLA matrix with diameter of 50-500nm, and chitosan fibers with diameter of about 20μm were homogenously distributed in the PLLA matrix as a microsized reinforcer. 27127062 0 39 theme l-lactic 41:48 arg1 poly 36:39 poly 36:39 poly(l-lactic acid) 36:54 Fabrication and biocompatibility of poly(l-lactic acid) and chitosan composite scaffolds with hierarchical microstructures. 27127062 0 39 theme l-lactic 41:48 arg1 acid 50:53 l-lactic acid 41:53 l-lactic acid 41:53 Fabrication and biocompatibility of poly(l-lactic acid) and chitosan composite scaffolds with hierarchical microstructures. 27127062 2 40 theme thermal 396:402 arg1 separation 418:427 thermal induced phase separation 396:427 thermal induced phase separation 396:427 In this article, poly(l-lactic acid) and chitosan fiber (PLLA/CTSF) composite scaffolds with hierarchical microstructures both in fiber and pore sizes were successfully fabricated by combining thermal induced phase separation and salt leaching techniques. 27127062 2 41 theme poly 220:223 arg1 scaffolds 281:289 poly(l-lactic acid) and chitosan fiber (PLLA/CTSF) composite scaffolds 220:289 poly(l-lactic acid) and chitosan fiber (PLLA/CTSF) composite scaffolds with hierarchical microstructures both in fiber and pore sizes 220:352 In this article, poly(l-lactic acid) and chitosan fiber (PLLA/CTSF) composite scaffolds with hierarchical microstructures both in fiber and pore sizes were successfully fabricated by combining thermal induced phase separation and salt leaching techniques. 27127062 2 42 theme fiber 333:337 arg1 sizes 348:352 fiber and pore sizes 333:352 sizes 348:352 In this article, poly(l-lactic acid) and chitosan fiber (PLLA/CTSF) composite scaffolds with hierarchical microstructures both in fiber and pore sizes were successfully fabricated by combining thermal induced phase separation and salt leaching techniques. 27127062 2 43 theme fiber 253:257 arg1 scaffolds 281:289 poly(l-lactic acid) and chitosan fiber (PLLA/CTSF) composite scaffolds 220:289 poly(l-lactic acid) and chitosan fiber (PLLA/CTSF) composite scaffolds with hierarchical microstructures both in fiber and pore sizes 220:352 In this article, poly(l-lactic acid) and chitosan fiber (PLLA/CTSF) composite scaffolds with hierarchical microstructures both in fiber and pore sizes were successfully fabricated by combining thermal induced phase separation and salt leaching techniques. 27127062 1 44 theme scaffold 128:135 arg1 crucial 155:161 crucial 155:161 crucial 155:161 The scaffold microstructure is crucial to reconstruct tissue normal functions. 27127062 1 44 theme scaffold 128:135 arg1 microstructure 137:150 The scaffold microstructure 124:150 The scaffold microstructure 124:150 The scaffold microstructure is crucial to reconstruct tissue normal functions. 27127062 6 45 theme osteoblast 1142:1151 arg1 proliferation 1153:1165 MG-63 osteoblast proliferation 1136:1165 MG-63 osteoblast proliferation 1136:1165 Cell culture results also revealed that the PLLA/CTSF composite scaffolds supported MG-63 osteoblast proliferation and penetration. 27127062 6 46 theme MG-63 1136:1140 arg1 proliferation 1153:1165 MG-63 osteoblast proliferation 1136:1165 MG-63 osteoblast proliferation 1136:1165 Cell culture results also revealed that the PLLA/CTSF composite scaffolds supported MG-63 osteoblast proliferation and penetration. 27127062 5 47 theme PLLA 1037:1040 arg1 scaffold 1042:1049 PLLA scaffold 1037:1049 PLLA scaffold 1037:1049 By tailoring the microstructure and chemical composition, the mechanical property, pH buffer and protein adsorption capacity of the composite scaffold were improved significantly compared with those of PLLA scaffold. 27127062 2 48 theme chitosan 244:251 arg1 scaffolds 281:289 poly(l-lactic acid) and chitosan fiber (PLLA/CTSF) composite scaffolds 220:289 poly(l-lactic acid) and chitosan fiber (PLLA/CTSF) composite scaffolds with hierarchical microstructures both in fiber and pore sizes 220:352 In this article, poly(l-lactic acid) and chitosan fiber (PLLA/CTSF) composite scaffolds with hierarchical microstructures both in fiber and pore sizes were successfully fabricated by combining thermal induced phase separation and salt leaching techniques. 27127062 6 49 theme PLLA/CTSF 1096:1104 arg1 scaffolds 1116:1124 the PLLA/CTSF composite scaffolds 1092:1124 the PLLA/CTSF composite scaffolds 1092:1124 Cell culture results also revealed that the PLLA/CTSF composite scaffolds supported MG-63 osteoblast proliferation and penetration. 27127062 2 50 dep microstructures 309:323 arg1 both 325:328 both 325:328 both 325:328 In this article, poly(l-lactic acid) and chitosan fiber (PLLA/CTSF) composite scaffolds with hierarchical microstructures both in fiber and pore sizes were successfully fabricated by combining thermal induced phase separation and salt leaching techniques. 27127062 3 51 theme composite 463:471 arg1 scaffolds 473:481 The composite scaffolds 459:481 The composite scaffolds 459:481 The composite scaffolds consisted of a nanofibrous PLLA matrix with diameter of 50-500nm, and chitosan fibers with diameter of about 20μm were homogenously distributed in the PLLA matrix as a microsized reinforcer. 27127062 5 52 theme scaffold 977:984 arg1 buffer 921:926 pH buffer and protein adsorption capacity 918:958 buffer 921:926 By tailoring the microstructure and chemical composition, the mechanical property, pH buffer and protein adsorption capacity of the composite scaffold were improved significantly compared with those of PLLA scaffold. 27127062 5 52 theme scaffold 977:984 arg1 capacity 951:958 pH buffer and protein adsorption capacity 918:958 capacity 951:958 By tailoring the microstructure and chemical composition, the mechanical property, pH buffer and protein adsorption capacity of the composite scaffold were improved significantly compared with those of PLLA scaffold. 27127062 6 53 theme culture 1057:1063 arg1 results 1065:1071 Cell culture results 1052:1071 Cell culture results 1052:1071 Cell culture results also revealed that the PLLA/CTSF composite scaffolds supported MG-63 osteoblast proliferation and penetration. 27127062 4 54 contain had 703:705 arg2 % 725:725 >94% 722:725 >94% 722:725 The composite scaffolds also had high porosity (>94%) and hierarchical pore size, which were consisted of both micropores (50nm-10μm) and macropores (50-300μm). 27127062 4 54 contain had 703:705 arg1 scaffolds 688:696 The composite scaffolds 674:696 The composite scaffolds 674:696 The composite scaffolds also had high porosity (>94%) and hierarchical pore size, which were consisted of both micropores (50nm-10μm) and macropores (50-300μm). 27127062 4 54 contain had 703:705 arg2 porosity 712:719 high porosity 707:719 high porosity (>94%) 707:726 The composite scaffolds also had high porosity (>94%) and hierarchical pore size, which were consisted of both micropores (50nm-10μm) and macropores (50-300μm). 27127062 4 54 contain had 703:705 arg2 size 750:753 hierarchical pore size 732:753 hierarchical pore size 732:753 The composite scaffolds also had high porosity (>94%) and hierarchical pore size, which were consisted of both micropores (50nm-10μm) and macropores (50-300μm). 26167523 4 0 theme composite 681:689 arg1 design 691:696 the composite design 677:696 the composite design 677:696 A second-order polynomial model was developed for predicting the tensile strength and impact strength based on the composite design. 26167523 7 1 theme mixing 912:917 arg1 min 905:907 165°C and 15 min 892:907 165°C and 15 min of mixing 892:917 % cellulose loading at 165°C and 15 min of mixing, leading to a desirability of 94.6%. 26167523 1 2 theme Response 136:143 arg1 methodology 153:163 Response surface methodology 136:163 Response surface methodology 136:163 Response surface methodology was used to optimize preparation of biocomposites based on poly(lactic acid) and durian peel cellulose. 26167523 1 3 theme lactic 229:234 arg1 poly 224:227 poly 224:227 poly(lactic acid) 224:240 Response surface methodology was used to optimize preparation of biocomposites based on poly(lactic acid) and durian peel cellulose. 26167523 1 3 theme lactic 229:234 arg1 acid 236:239 lactic acid 229:239 lactic acid 229:239 Response surface methodology was used to optimize preparation of biocomposites based on poly(lactic acid) and durian peel cellulose. 26167523 1 4 theme surface 145:151 arg1 methodology 153:163 Response surface methodology 136:163 Response surface methodology 136:163 Response surface methodology was used to optimize preparation of biocomposites based on poly(lactic acid) and durian peel cellulose. 26167523 5 5 with model 768:772 arg1 coefficient 784:794 high coefficient 779:794 high coefficient of determination (R (2)) value 779:825 It was found that composites were best fit by a quadratic regression model with high coefficient of determination (R (2)) value. 26167523 4 6 theme second-order 568:579 arg1 model 592:596 A second-order polynomial model 566:596 A second-order polynomial model 566:596 A second-order polynomial model was developed for predicting the tensile strength and impact strength based on the composite design. 26167523 3 7 theme highest 520:526 arg1 strength 536:543 tensile strength 528:543 tensile strength 528:543 A central composite design was employed to determine the optimum preparation condition of the biocomposites to obtain the highest tensile strength and impact strength. 26167523 3 8 theme optimum 455:461 arg1 condition 475:483 the optimum preparation condition 451:483 the optimum preparation condition of the biocomposites to obtain the highest tensile strength and impact strength 451:563 A central composite design was employed to determine the optimum preparation condition of the biocomposites to obtain the highest tensile strength and impact strength. 26167523 8 9 theme optimum 966:972 arg1 condition 974:982 the optimum condition 962:982 the optimum condition 962:982 Under the optimum condition, the tensile strength and impact strength of the biocomposites were 46.207 MPa and 2.931 kJ/m(2), respectively. 26167523 5 10 theme high 779:782 arg1 coefficient 784:794 high coefficient 779:794 high coefficient of determination (R (2)) value 779:825 It was found that composites were best fit by a quadratic regression model with high coefficient of determination (R (2)) value. 26167523 5 11 theme value 821:825 arg1 coefficient 784:794 high coefficient 779:794 high coefficient of determination (R (2)) value 779:825 It was found that composites were best fit by a quadratic regression model with high coefficient of determination (R (2)) value. 26167523 3 12 theme central 400:406 arg1 design 418:423 A central composite design 398:423 A central composite design 398:423 A central composite design was employed to determine the optimum preparation condition of the biocomposites to obtain the highest tensile strength and impact strength. 26167523 0 13 theme lactic 96:101 arg1 Poly 91:94 Poly 91:94 Poly(lactic acid) 91:107 Response Surface Methodology for the Optimization of Preparation of Biocomposites Based on Poly(lactic acid) and Durian Peel Cellulose. 26167523 0 13 theme lactic 96:101 arg1 acid 103:106 lactic acid 96:106 lactic acid 96:106 Response Surface Methodology for the Optimization of Preparation of Biocomposites Based on Poly(lactic acid) and Durian Peel Cellulose. 26167523 6 14 theme selected 832:839 arg1 condition 849:857 The selected optimum condition 828:857 The selected optimum condition 828:857 The selected optimum condition was 35 wt. 26167523 6 14 theme selected 832:839 arg1 wt 866:867 35 wt 863:867 35 wt 863:867 The selected optimum condition was 35 wt. 26167523 3 15 theme composite 408:416 arg1 design 418:423 A central composite design 398:423 A central composite design 398:423 A central composite design was employed to determine the optimum preparation condition of the biocomposites to obtain the highest tensile strength and impact strength. 26167523 0 16 theme Surface 9:15 arg1 Methodology 17:27 Response Surface Methodology 0:27 Response Surface Methodology for the Optimization of Preparation of Biocomposites 0:80 Response Surface Methodology for the Optimization of Preparation of Biocomposites Based on Poly(lactic acid) and Durian Peel Cellulose. 26167523 3 17 theme biocomposites 492:504 arg1 condition 475:483 the optimum preparation condition 451:483 the optimum preparation condition of the biocomposites to obtain the highest tensile strength and impact strength 451:563 A central composite design was employed to determine the optimum preparation condition of the biocomposites to obtain the highest tensile strength and impact strength. 26167523 2 18 theme cellulose 284:292 arg1 loading 294:300 cellulose loading 284:300 cellulose loading 284:300 The effects of cellulose loading, mixing temperature, and mixing time on tensile strength and impact strength were investigated. 26167523 6 19 theme optimum 841:847 arg1 condition 849:857 The selected optimum condition 828:857 The selected optimum condition 828:857 The selected optimum condition was 35 wt. 26167523 6 19 theme optimum 841:847 arg1 wt 866:867 35 wt 863:867 35 wt 863:867 The selected optimum condition was 35 wt. 26167523 2 20 theme tensile 342:348 arg1 strength 350:357 tensile strength 342:357 tensile strength 342:357 The effects of cellulose loading, mixing temperature, and mixing time on tensile strength and impact strength were investigated. 26167523 0 21 theme Response 0:7 arg1 Methodology 17:27 Response Surface Methodology 0:27 Response Surface Methodology for the Optimization of Preparation of Biocomposites 0:80 Response Surface Methodology for the Optimization of Preparation of Biocomposites Based on Poly(lactic acid) and Durian Peel Cellulose. 26167523 1 22 theme durian 246:251 arg1 cellulose 258:266 durian peel cellulose 246:266 durian peel cellulose 246:266 Response surface methodology was used to optimize preparation of biocomposites based on poly(lactic acid) and durian peel cellulose. 26167523 3 23 theme impact 549:554 arg1 strength 556:563 impact strength 549:563 impact strength 549:563 A central composite design was employed to determine the optimum preparation condition of the biocomposites to obtain the highest tensile strength and impact strength. 26167523 4 24 theme impact 652:657 arg1 strength 659:666 impact strength 652:666 impact strength 652:666 A second-order polynomial model was developed for predicting the tensile strength and impact strength based on the composite design. 26167523 1 25 theme peel 253:256 arg1 cellulose 258:266 durian peel cellulose 246:266 durian peel cellulose 246:266 Response surface methodology was used to optimize preparation of biocomposites based on poly(lactic acid) and durian peel cellulose. 26167523 8 26 theme tensile 989:995 arg1 strength 997:1004 tensile strength 989:1004 tensile strength 989:1004 Under the optimum condition, the tensile strength and impact strength of the biocomposites were 46.207 MPa and 2.931 kJ/m(2), respectively. 26167523 3 27 theme tensile 528:534 arg1 strength 536:543 tensile strength 528:543 tensile strength 528:543 A central composite design was employed to determine the optimum preparation condition of the biocomposites to obtain the highest tensile strength and impact strength. 26167523 5 28 theme determination 799:811 arg1 value 821:825 determination (R (2)) value 799:825 determination (R (2)) value 799:825 It was found that composites were best fit by a quadratic regression model with high coefficient of determination (R (2)) value. 26167523 7 29 from min 905:907 arg1 cellulose 871:879 cellulose 871:879 cellulose 871:879 % cellulose loading at 165°C and 15 min of mixing, leading to a desirability of 94.6%. 26167523 5 30 theme quadratic 747:755 arg1 model 768:772 a quadratic regression model 745:772 a quadratic regression model with high coefficient of determination (R (2)) value 745:825 It was found that composites were best fit by a quadratic regression model with high coefficient of determination (R (2)) value. 26167523 3 31 theme preparation 463:473 arg1 condition 475:483 the optimum preparation condition 451:483 the optimum preparation condition of the biocomposites to obtain the highest tensile strength and impact strength 451:563 A central composite design was employed to determine the optimum preparation condition of the biocomposites to obtain the highest tensile strength and impact strength. 26167523 0 32 theme Peel 120:123 arg1 Cellulose 125:133 Durian Peel Cellulose 113:133 Durian Peel Cellulose 113:133 Response Surface Methodology for the Optimization of Preparation of Biocomposites Based on Poly(lactic acid) and Durian Peel Cellulose. 26167523 4 33 theme tensile 631:637 arg1 strength 639:646 tensile strength 631:646 tensile strength 631:646 A second-order polynomial model was developed for predicting the tensile strength and impact strength based on the composite design. 26167523 5 34 theme regression 757:766 arg1 model 768:772 a quadratic regression model 745:772 a quadratic regression model with high coefficient of determination (R (2)) value 745:825 It was found that composites were best fit by a quadratic regression model with high coefficient of determination (R (2)) value. 26167523 0 35 theme Durian 113:118 arg1 Cellulose 125:133 Durian Peel Cellulose 113:133 Durian Peel Cellulose 113:133 Response Surface Methodology for the Optimization of Preparation of Biocomposites Based on Poly(lactic acid) and Durian Peel Cellulose. 26167523 1 36 theme biocomposites 201:213 arg1 preparation 186:196 preparation 186:196 preparation of biocomposites based on poly(lactic acid) and durian peel cellulose 186:266 Response surface methodology was used to optimize preparation of biocomposites based on poly(lactic acid) and durian peel cellulose. 26167523 0 37 theme Preparation 53:63 arg1 Optimization 37:48 the Optimization 33:48 the Optimization of Preparation of Biocomposites 33:80 Response Surface Methodology for the Optimization of Preparation of Biocomposites Based on Poly(lactic acid) and Durian Peel Cellulose. 26167523 2 38 theme temperature 310:320 arg1 effects 273:279 The effects 269:279 The effects of cellulose loading, mixing temperature, and mixing time on tensile strength and impact strength 269:377 The effects of cellulose loading, mixing temperature, and mixing time on tensile strength and impact strength were investigated. 26167523 8 39 theme impact 1010:1015 arg1 strength 1017:1024 impact strength 1010:1024 impact strength 1010:1024 Under the optimum condition, the tensile strength and impact strength of the biocomposites were 46.207 MPa and 2.931 kJ/m(2), respectively. 26167523 2 40 theme mixing 303:308 arg1 temperature 310:320 mixing temperature 303:320 mixing temperature 303:320 The effects of cellulose loading, mixing temperature, and mixing time on tensile strength and impact strength were investigated. 26167523 7 41 theme % 953:953 arg1 desirability 933:944 a desirability 931:944 a desirability of 94.6% 931:953 % cellulose loading at 165°C and 15 min of mixing, leading to a desirability of 94.6%. 26167523 1 42 used used 169:172 arg2 methodology 153:163 Response surface methodology 136:163 Response surface methodology 136:163 Response surface methodology was used to optimize preparation of biocomposites based on poly(lactic acid) and durian peel cellulose. 26167523 8 43 dep strength 997:1004 arg1 the 985:987 the 985:987 the 985:987 Under the optimum condition, the tensile strength and impact strength of the biocomposites were 46.207 MPa and 2.931 kJ/m(2), respectively. 26167523 2 44 theme loading 294:300 arg1 effects 273:279 The effects 269:279 The effects of cellulose loading, mixing temperature, and mixing time on tensile strength and impact strength 269:377 The effects of cellulose loading, mixing temperature, and mixing time on tensile strength and impact strength were investigated. 26167523 4 45 theme polynomial 581:590 arg1 model 592:596 A second-order polynomial model 566:596 A second-order polynomial model 566:596 A second-order polynomial model was developed for predicting the tensile strength and impact strength based on the composite design. 26167523 0 46 theme Biocomposites 68:80 arg1 Preparation 53:63 Preparation 53:63 Preparation of Biocomposites 53:80 Response Surface Methodology for the Optimization of Preparation of Biocomposites Based on Poly(lactic acid) and Durian Peel Cellulose. 26167523 2 47 theme impact 363:368 arg1 strength 370:377 impact strength 363:377 impact strength 363:377 The effects of cellulose loading, mixing temperature, and mixing time on tensile strength and impact strength were investigated. 26167523 2 48 theme time 334:337 arg1 effects 273:279 The effects 269:279 The effects of cellulose loading, mixing temperature, and mixing time on tensile strength and impact strength 269:377 The effects of cellulose loading, mixing temperature, and mixing time on tensile strength and impact strength were investigated. 26167523 8 49 theme biocomposites 1033:1045 arg1 strength 997:1004 tensile strength 989:1004 tensile strength 989:1004 Under the optimum condition, the tensile strength and impact strength of the biocomposites were 46.207 MPa and 2.931 kJ/m(2), respectively. 26167523 8 49 theme biocomposites 1033:1045 arg1 strength 1017:1024 impact strength 1010:1024 impact strength 1010:1024 Under the optimum condition, the tensile strength and impact strength of the biocomposites were 46.207 MPa and 2.931 kJ/m(2), respectively. 26167523 4 50 dep strength 639:646 arg1 the 627:629 the 627:629 the 627:629 A second-order polynomial model was developed for predicting the tensile strength and impact strength based on the composite design. 26167523 2 51 theme mixing 327:332 arg1 time 334:337 mixing time 327:337 mixing time 327:337 The effects of cellulose loading, mixing temperature, and mixing time on tensile strength and impact strength were investigated. 26167523 2 52 from effects 273:279 arg1 strength 350:357 tensile strength 342:357 tensile strength 342:357 The effects of cellulose loading, mixing temperature, and mixing time on tensile strength and impact strength were investigated. 26167523 2 52 from effects 273:279 arg1 strength 370:377 impact strength 363:377 impact strength 363:377 The effects of cellulose loading, mixing temperature, and mixing time on tensile strength and impact strength were investigated. 27354009 0 0 theme complex 83:89 arg1 production 55:64 the production 51:64 the production of chitin-glucan complex by Komagataella pastoris 51:114 Implementation of a repeated fed-batch process for the production of chitin-glucan complex by Komagataella pastoris. 27354009 6 1 theme daily 891:895 arg1 production 897:906 A daily production 889:906 A daily production of 119-126g/L of biomass with a CGC content of 11-16wt% 889:962 A daily production of 119-126g/L of biomass with a CGC content of 11-16wt% was obtained, thus proving this cultivation strategy is adequate to reach a high CGC productivity that ranged between 11 and 18g/Lday. 27354009 5 2 theme consecutive 869:879 arg1 cycles 881:886 7 consecutive cycles 867:886 7 consecutive cycles 867:886 Hence, this strategy was used to implement a repeated fed-batch process comprising 7 consecutive cycles. 27354009 0 3 theme chitin-glucan 69:81 arg1 complex 83:89 chitin-glucan complex 69:89 chitin-glucan complex 69:89 Implementation of a repeated fed-batch process for the production of chitin-glucan complex by Komagataella pastoris. 27354009 2 4 theme feeding 355:361 arg1 profile 363:369 predefined feeding profile 344:369 predefined feeding profile 344:369 The tested fed-batch strategies included DO-stat mode, predefined feeding profile and repeated fed-batch operation. 27354009 6 5 theme % 962:962 arg1 content 944:950 a CGC content 938:950 a CGC content of 11-16wt% 938:962 A daily production of 119-126g/L of biomass with a CGC content of 11-16wt% was obtained, thus proving this cultivation strategy is adequate to reach a high CGC productivity that ranged between 11 and 18g/Lday. 27354009 0 6 theme Komagataella 94:105 arg1 pastoris 107:114 Komagataella pastoris 94:114 Komagataella pastoris 94:114 Implementation of a repeated fed-batch process for the production of chitin-glucan complex by Komagataella pastoris. 27354009 7 7 theme productivity 1155:1166 arg1 terms 1142:1146 terms 1142:1146 terms of CGC productivity and polymer composition 1142:1190 The process was stable and reproducible in terms of CGC productivity and polymer composition, making it a promising strategy for further process development. 27354009 2 8 theme tested 293:298 arg1 strategies 310:319 The tested fed-batch strategies 289:319 The tested fed-batch strategies 289:319 The tested fed-batch strategies included DO-stat mode, predefined feeding profile and repeated fed-batch operation. 27354009 6 9 theme CGC 940:942 arg1 content 944:950 a CGC content 938:950 a CGC content of 11-16wt% 938:962 A daily production of 119-126g/L of biomass with a CGC content of 11-16wt% was obtained, thus proving this cultivation strategy is adequate to reach a high CGC productivity that ranged between 11 and 18g/Lday. 27354009 7 10 from terms 1142:1146 arg1 stable 1115:1120 stable 1115:1120 stable 1115:1120 The process was stable and reproducible in terms of CGC productivity and polymer composition, making it a promising strategy for further process development. 27354009 7 10 from terms 1142:1146 arg1 process 1103:1109 The process 1099:1109 The process 1099:1109 The process was stable and reproducible in terms of CGC productivity and polymer composition, making it a promising strategy for further process development. 27354009 6 11 theme CGC 1045:1047 arg1 productivity 1049:1060 a high CGC productivity 1038:1060 a high CGC productivity that ranged between 11 and 18g/Lday 1038:1096 A daily production of 119-126g/L of biomass with a CGC content of 11-16wt% was obtained, thus proving this cultivation strategy is adequate to reach a high CGC productivity that ranged between 11 and 18g/Lday. 27354009 1 12 theme chitin 268:273 arg1 co-polymer 254:263 a co-polymer 252:263 a co-polymer of chitin and β-glucan 252:286 The yeast Komagataella pastoris was cultivated under different fed-batch strategies for the production of chitin-glucan complex (CGC), a co-polymer of chitin and β-glucan. 27354009 1 12 theme chitin 268:273 arg1 complex 237:243 chitin-glucan complex 223:243 chitin-glucan complex (CGC) 223:249 The yeast Komagataella pastoris was cultivated under different fed-batch strategies for the production of chitin-glucan complex (CGC), a co-polymer of chitin and β-glucan. 27354009 4 13 theme predefined 662:671 arg1 profile 673:679 a predefined profile 660:679 a predefined profile 660:679 Cultivation with a predefined profile significantly improved both biomass and CGC volumetric productivity (87 and 10.8g/Lday, respectively). 27354009 4 14 dep productivity 736:747 arg1 87 750:751 87 750:751 87 750:751 Cultivation with a predefined profile significantly improved both biomass and CGC volumetric productivity (87 and 10.8g/Lday, respectively). 27354009 4 14 dep productivity 736:747 arg1 10.8g/Lday 757:766 10.8g/Lday 757:766 10.8g/Lday 757:766 Cultivation with a predefined profile significantly improved both biomass and CGC volumetric productivity (87 and 10.8g/Lday, respectively). 27354009 5 15 used used 809:812 arg2 strategy 796:803 this strategy 791:803 this strategy 791:803 Hence, this strategy was used to implement a repeated fed-batch process comprising 7 consecutive cycles. 27354009 6 16 with 119-126g/L 911:920 arg1 content 944:950 a CGC content 938:950 a CGC content of 11-16wt% 938:962 A daily production of 119-126g/L of biomass with a CGC content of 11-16wt% was obtained, thus proving this cultivation strategy is adequate to reach a high CGC productivity that ranged between 11 and 18g/Lday. 27354009 1 17 theme fed-batch 180:188 arg1 strategies 190:199 different fed-batch strategies 170:199 different fed-batch strategies for the production of chitin-glucan complex (CGC), a co-polymer of chitin and β-glucan 170:286 The yeast Komagataella pastoris was cultivated under different fed-batch strategies for the production of chitin-glucan complex (CGC), a co-polymer of chitin and β-glucan. 27354009 3 18 theme dry 424:426 arg1 mass 428:431 high cell dry mass 414:431 high cell dry mass 414:431 Although high cell dry mass and high CGC production were obtained under the tested DO-stat strategy in a 94h cultivation (159 and 29g/L, respectively), the overall biomass and CGC productivities were low (41 and 7.4g/Lday, respectively). 27354009 6 19 theme high 1040:1043 arg1 productivity 1049:1060 a high CGC productivity 1038:1060 a high CGC productivity that ranged between 11 and 18g/Lday 1038:1096 A daily production of 119-126g/L of biomass with a CGC content of 11-16wt% was obtained, thus proving this cultivation strategy is adequate to reach a high CGC productivity that ranged between 11 and 18g/Lday. 27354009 5 20 theme repeated 829:836 arg1 process 848:854 a repeated fed-batch process 827:854 a repeated fed-batch process comprising 7 consecutive cycles 827:886 Hence, this strategy was used to implement a repeated fed-batch process comprising 7 consecutive cycles. 27354009 7 21 theme process 1236:1242 arg1 development 1244:1254 further process development 1228:1254 further process development 1228:1254 The process was stable and reproducible in terms of CGC productivity and polymer composition, making it a promising strategy for further process development. 27354009 4 22 theme CGC 721:723 arg1 productivity 736:747 CGC volumetric productivity 721:747 CGC volumetric productivity (87 and 10.8g/Lday, respectively) 721:781 Cultivation with a predefined profile significantly improved both biomass and CGC volumetric productivity (87 and 10.8g/Lday, respectively). 27354009 7 23 from stable 1115:1120 arg1 terms 1142:1146 terms 1142:1146 terms of CGC productivity and polymer composition 1142:1190 The process was stable and reproducible in terms of CGC productivity and polymer composition, making it a promising strategy for further process development. 27354009 5 24 theme fed-batch 838:846 arg1 process 848:854 a repeated fed-batch process 827:854 a repeated fed-batch process comprising 7 consecutive cycles 827:886 Hence, this strategy was used to implement a repeated fed-batch process comprising 7 consecutive cycles. 27354009 3 25 from strategy 496:503 arg1 cultivation 514:524 a 94h cultivation 508:524 a 94h cultivation (159 and 29g/L, respectively) 508:554 Although high cell dry mass and high CGC production were obtained under the tested DO-stat strategy in a 94h cultivation (159 and 29g/L, respectively), the overall biomass and CGC productivities were low (41 and 7.4g/Lday, respectively). 27354009 2 26 theme fed-batch 384:392 arg1 operation 394:402 repeated fed-batch operation 375:402 repeated fed-batch operation 375:402 The tested fed-batch strategies included DO-stat mode, predefined feeding profile and repeated fed-batch operation. 27354009 0 27 theme repeated 20:27 arg1 process 39:45 a repeated fed-batch process 18:45 a repeated fed-batch process for the production of chitin-glucan complex by Komagataella pastoris 18:114 Implementation of a repeated fed-batch process for the production of chitin-glucan complex by Komagataella pastoris. 27354009 1 28 theme β-glucan 279:286 arg1 co-polymer 254:263 a co-polymer 252:263 a co-polymer of chitin and β-glucan 252:286 The yeast Komagataella pastoris was cultivated under different fed-batch strategies for the production of chitin-glucan complex (CGC), a co-polymer of chitin and β-glucan. 27354009 1 28 theme β-glucan 279:286 arg1 complex 237:243 chitin-glucan complex 223:243 chitin-glucan complex (CGC) 223:249 The yeast Komagataella pastoris was cultivated under different fed-batch strategies for the production of chitin-glucan complex (CGC), a co-polymer of chitin and β-glucan. 27354009 2 29 theme fed-batch 300:308 arg1 strategies 310:319 The tested fed-batch strategies 289:319 The tested fed-batch strategies 289:319 The tested fed-batch strategies included DO-stat mode, predefined feeding profile and repeated fed-batch operation. 27354009 4 30 with Cultivation 643:653 arg1 profile 673:679 a predefined profile 660:679 a predefined profile 660:679 Cultivation with a predefined profile significantly improved both biomass and CGC volumetric productivity (87 and 10.8g/Lday, respectively). 27354009 1 31 theme different 170:178 arg1 strategies 190:199 different fed-batch strategies 170:199 different fed-batch strategies for the production of chitin-glucan complex (CGC), a co-polymer of chitin and β-glucan 170:286 The yeast Komagataella pastoris was cultivated under different fed-batch strategies for the production of chitin-glucan complex (CGC), a co-polymer of chitin and β-glucan. 27354009 0 32 theme process 39:45 arg1 Implementation 0:13 Implementation 0:13 Implementation of a repeated fed-batch process for the production of chitin-glucan complex by Komagataella pastoris. 0:115 Implementation of a repeated fed-batch process for the production of chitin-glucan complex by Komagataella pastoris. 27354009 7 33 theme further 1228:1234 arg1 development 1244:1254 further process development 1228:1254 further process development 1228:1254 The process was stable and reproducible in terms of CGC productivity and polymer composition, making it a promising strategy for further process development. 27354009 3 34 dep low 605:607 arg1 7.4g/Lday 617:625 7.4g/Lday 617:625 7.4g/Lday 617:625 Although high cell dry mass and high CGC production were obtained under the tested DO-stat strategy in a 94h cultivation (159 and 29g/L, respectively), the overall biomass and CGC productivities were low (41 and 7.4g/Lday, respectively). 27354009 3 34 dep low 605:607 arg1 41 610:611 41 610:611 41 610:611 Although high cell dry mass and high CGC production were obtained under the tested DO-stat strategy in a 94h cultivation (159 and 29g/L, respectively), the overall biomass and CGC productivities were low (41 and 7.4g/Lday, respectively). 27354009 3 34 dep low 605:607 arg1 low 605:607 low 605:607 low 605:607 Although high cell dry mass and high CGC production were obtained under the tested DO-stat strategy in a 94h cultivation (159 and 29g/L, respectively), the overall biomass and CGC productivities were low (41 and 7.4g/Lday, respectively). 27354009 3 34 dep low 605:607 arg1 productivities 585:598 the overall biomass and CGC productivities 557:598 the overall biomass and CGC productivities 557:598 Although high cell dry mass and high CGC production were obtained under the tested DO-stat strategy in a 94h cultivation (159 and 29g/L, respectively), the overall biomass and CGC productivities were low (41 and 7.4g/Lday, respectively). 27354009 3 35 theme high 437:440 arg1 production 446:455 high CGC production 437:455 high CGC production 437:455 Although high cell dry mass and high CGC production were obtained under the tested DO-stat strategy in a 94h cultivation (159 and 29g/L, respectively), the overall biomass and CGC productivities were low (41 and 7.4g/Lday, respectively). 27354009 1 36 theme chitin-glucan 223:235 arg1 co-polymer 254:263 a co-polymer 252:263 a co-polymer of chitin and β-glucan 252:286 The yeast Komagataella pastoris was cultivated under different fed-batch strategies for the production of chitin-glucan complex (CGC), a co-polymer of chitin and β-glucan. 27354009 1 36 theme chitin-glucan 223:235 arg1 CGC 246:248 CGC 246:248 CGC 246:248 The yeast Komagataella pastoris was cultivated under different fed-batch strategies for the production of chitin-glucan complex (CGC), a co-polymer of chitin and β-glucan. 27354009 1 36 theme chitin-glucan 223:235 arg1 complex 237:243 chitin-glucan complex 223:243 chitin-glucan complex (CGC) 223:249 The yeast Komagataella pastoris was cultivated under different fed-batch strategies for the production of chitin-glucan complex (CGC), a co-polymer of chitin and β-glucan. 27354009 0 37 theme fed-batch 29:37 arg1 process 39:45 a repeated fed-batch process 18:45 a repeated fed-batch process for the production of chitin-glucan complex by Komagataella pastoris 18:114 Implementation of a repeated fed-batch process for the production of chitin-glucan complex by Komagataella pastoris. 27354009 6 38 theme biomass 925:931 arg1 119-126g/L 911:920 119-126g/L 911:920 119-126g/L of biomass with a CGC content of 11-16wt% 911:962 A daily production of 119-126g/L of biomass with a CGC content of 11-16wt% was obtained, thus proving this cultivation strategy is adequate to reach a high CGC productivity that ranged between 11 and 18g/Lday. 27354009 3 39 theme CGC 581:583 arg1 7.4g/Lday 617:625 7.4g/Lday 617:625 7.4g/Lday 617:625 Although high cell dry mass and high CGC production were obtained under the tested DO-stat strategy in a 94h cultivation (159 and 29g/L, respectively), the overall biomass and CGC productivities were low (41 and 7.4g/Lday, respectively). 27354009 3 39 theme CGC 581:583 arg1 41 610:611 41 610:611 41 610:611 Although high cell dry mass and high CGC production were obtained under the tested DO-stat strategy in a 94h cultivation (159 and 29g/L, respectively), the overall biomass and CGC productivities were low (41 and 7.4g/Lday, respectively). 27354009 3 39 theme CGC 581:583 arg1 low 605:607 low 605:607 low 605:607 Although high cell dry mass and high CGC production were obtained under the tested DO-stat strategy in a 94h cultivation (159 and 29g/L, respectively), the overall biomass and CGC productivities were low (41 and 7.4g/Lday, respectively). 27354009 3 39 theme CGC 581:583 arg1 productivities 585:598 the overall biomass and CGC productivities 557:598 the overall biomass and CGC productivities 557:598 Although high cell dry mass and high CGC production were obtained under the tested DO-stat strategy in a 94h cultivation (159 and 29g/L, respectively), the overall biomass and CGC productivities were low (41 and 7.4g/Lday, respectively). 27354009 1 40 theme complex 237:243 arg1 production 209:218 the production 205:218 the production of chitin-glucan complex (CGC), a co-polymer of chitin and β-glucan 205:286 The yeast Komagataella pastoris was cultivated under different fed-batch strategies for the production of chitin-glucan complex (CGC), a co-polymer of chitin and β-glucan. 27354009 3 41 theme high 414:417 arg1 mass 428:431 high cell dry mass 414:431 high cell dry mass 414:431 Although high cell dry mass and high CGC production were obtained under the tested DO-stat strategy in a 94h cultivation (159 and 29g/L, respectively), the overall biomass and CGC productivities were low (41 and 7.4g/Lday, respectively). 27354009 3 42 theme CGC 442:444 arg1 production 446:455 high CGC production 437:455 high CGC production 437:455 Although high cell dry mass and high CGC production were obtained under the tested DO-stat strategy in a 94h cultivation (159 and 29g/L, respectively), the overall biomass and CGC productivities were low (41 and 7.4g/Lday, respectively). 27354009 3 43 theme overall 561:567 arg1 biomass 569:575 overall biomass 561:575 overall biomass 561:575 Although high cell dry mass and high CGC production were obtained under the tested DO-stat strategy in a 94h cultivation (159 and 29g/L, respectively), the overall biomass and CGC productivities were low (41 and 7.4g/Lday, respectively). 27354009 2 44 theme predefined 344:353 arg1 profile 363:369 predefined feeding profile 344:369 predefined feeding profile 344:369 The tested fed-batch strategies included DO-stat mode, predefined feeding profile and repeated fed-batch operation. 27354009 3 45 theme cell 419:422 arg1 mass 428:431 high cell dry mass 414:431 high cell dry mass 414:431 Although high cell dry mass and high CGC production were obtained under the tested DO-stat strategy in a 94h cultivation (159 and 29g/L, respectively), the overall biomass and CGC productivities were low (41 and 7.4g/Lday, respectively). 27354009 6 46 theme 119-126g/L 911:920 arg1 production 897:906 A daily production 889:906 A daily production of 119-126g/L of biomass with a CGC content of 11-16wt% 889:962 A daily production of 119-126g/L of biomass with a CGC content of 11-16wt% was obtained, thus proving this cultivation strategy is adequate to reach a high CGC productivity that ranged between 11 and 18g/Lday. 27354009 3 47 theme biomass 569:575 arg1 7.4g/Lday 617:625 7.4g/Lday 617:625 7.4g/Lday 617:625 Although high cell dry mass and high CGC production were obtained under the tested DO-stat strategy in a 94h cultivation (159 and 29g/L, respectively), the overall biomass and CGC productivities were low (41 and 7.4g/Lday, respectively). 27354009 3 47 theme biomass 569:575 arg1 41 610:611 41 610:611 41 610:611 Although high cell dry mass and high CGC production were obtained under the tested DO-stat strategy in a 94h cultivation (159 and 29g/L, respectively), the overall biomass and CGC productivities were low (41 and 7.4g/Lday, respectively). 27354009 3 47 theme biomass 569:575 arg1 low 605:607 low 605:607 low 605:607 Although high cell dry mass and high CGC production were obtained under the tested DO-stat strategy in a 94h cultivation (159 and 29g/L, respectively), the overall biomass and CGC productivities were low (41 and 7.4g/Lday, respectively). 27354009 3 47 theme biomass 569:575 arg1 productivities 585:598 the overall biomass and CGC productivities 557:598 the overall biomass and CGC productivities 557:598 Although high cell dry mass and high CGC production were obtained under the tested DO-stat strategy in a 94h cultivation (159 and 29g/L, respectively), the overall biomass and CGC productivities were low (41 and 7.4g/Lday, respectively). 27354009 3 48 theme 94h 510:512 arg1 cultivation 514:524 a 94h cultivation 508:524 a 94h cultivation (159 and 29g/L, respectively) 508:554 Although high cell dry mass and high CGC production were obtained under the tested DO-stat strategy in a 94h cultivation (159 and 29g/L, respectively), the overall biomass and CGC productivities were low (41 and 7.4g/Lday, respectively). 27354009 1 49 theme yeast 121:125 arg1 pastoris 140:147 The yeast Komagataella pastoris 117:147 The yeast Komagataella pastoris 117:147 The yeast Komagataella pastoris was cultivated under different fed-batch strategies for the production of chitin-glucan complex (CGC), a co-polymer of chitin and β-glucan. 27354009 1 50 theme Komagataella 127:138 arg1 pastoris 140:147 The yeast Komagataella pastoris 117:147 The yeast Komagataella pastoris 117:147 The yeast Komagataella pastoris was cultivated under different fed-batch strategies for the production of chitin-glucan complex (CGC), a co-polymer of chitin and β-glucan. 27354009 3 51 dep cultivation 514:524 arg1 29g/L 535:539 29g/L 535:539 29g/L 535:539 Although high cell dry mass and high CGC production were obtained under the tested DO-stat strategy in a 94h cultivation (159 and 29g/L, respectively), the overall biomass and CGC productivities were low (41 and 7.4g/Lday, respectively). 27354009 3 51 dep cultivation 514:524 arg1 159 527:529 159 527:529 159 527:529 Although high cell dry mass and high CGC production were obtained under the tested DO-stat strategy in a 94h cultivation (159 and 29g/L, respectively), the overall biomass and CGC productivities were low (41 and 7.4g/Lday, respectively). 27354009 7 52 theme CGC 1151:1153 arg1 productivity 1155:1166 CGC productivity 1151:1166 CGC productivity 1151:1166 The process was stable and reproducible in terms of CGC productivity and polymer composition, making it a promising strategy for further process development. 27354009 4 53 theme volumetric 725:734 arg1 productivity 736:747 CGC volumetric productivity 721:747 CGC volumetric productivity (87 and 10.8g/Lday, respectively) 721:781 Cultivation with a predefined profile significantly improved both biomass and CGC volumetric productivity (87 and 10.8g/Lday, respectively). 27354009 2 54 theme DO-stat 330:336 arg1 mode 338:341 DO-stat mode 330:341 DO-stat mode 330:341 The tested fed-batch strategies included DO-stat mode, predefined feeding profile and repeated fed-batch operation. 27354009 3 55 theme tested 481:486 arg1 strategy 496:503 the tested DO-stat strategy 477:503 the tested DO-stat strategy in a 94h cultivation (159 and 29g/L, respectively) 477:554 Although high cell dry mass and high CGC production were obtained under the tested DO-stat strategy in a 94h cultivation (159 and 29g/L, respectively), the overall biomass and CGC productivities were low (41 and 7.4g/Lday, respectively). 27354009 7 56 theme polymer 1172:1178 arg1 composition 1180:1190 polymer composition 1172:1190 polymer composition 1172:1190 The process was stable and reproducible in terms of CGC productivity and polymer composition, making it a promising strategy for further process development. 27354009 2 57 theme repeated 375:382 arg1 operation 394:402 repeated fed-batch operation 375:402 repeated fed-batch operation 375:402 The tested fed-batch strategies included DO-stat mode, predefined feeding profile and repeated fed-batch operation. 27354009 3 58 theme DO-stat 488:494 arg1 strategy 496:503 the tested DO-stat strategy 477:503 the tested DO-stat strategy in a 94h cultivation (159 and 29g/L, respectively) 477:554 Although high cell dry mass and high CGC production were obtained under the tested DO-stat strategy in a 94h cultivation (159 and 29g/L, respectively), the overall biomass and CGC productivities were low (41 and 7.4g/Lday, respectively). 27354009 7 59 theme composition 1180:1190 arg1 terms 1142:1146 terms 1142:1146 terms of CGC productivity and polymer composition 1142:1190 The process was stable and reproducible in terms of CGC productivity and polymer composition, making it a promising strategy for further process development. 27354009 7 60 theme promising 1205:1213 arg1 strategy 1215:1222 a promising strategy 1203:1222 a promising strategy for further process development 1203:1254 The process was stable and reproducible in terms of CGC productivity and polymer composition, making it a promising strategy for further process development. 27354009 6 61 theme cultivation 996:1006 arg1 strategy 1008:1015 this cultivation strategy 991:1015 this cultivation strategy 991:1015 A daily production of 119-126g/L of biomass with a CGC content of 11-16wt% was obtained, thus proving this cultivation strategy is adequate to reach a high CGC productivity that ranged between 11 and 18g/Lday. 25648083 3 0 from changes 433:439 arg1 production 448:457 EPS production 444:457 EPS production 444:457 We have assessed the effect of changes in EPS production on cell surface characteristics that may affect the ability of L. johnsonii to colonise the poultry host and exclude pathogens. 25648083 2 1 theme genetic 358:364 arg1 changes 366:372 genetic changes 358:372 genetic changes in their eps gene clusters 358:399 Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785 produces an exopolysaccharide (EPS) layer whose quantity and composition is altered in mutants that harbour genetic changes in their eps gene clusters. 25648083 4 2 dep negative 750:757 arg1 hydrophilic 765:775 hydrophilic 765:775 hydrophilic 765:775 RESULTS Analysis of physicochemical cell surface characteristics reflected by Zeta potential and adhesion to hexadecane showed that an increase in EPS gave a less negative, more hydrophilic surface and reduced autoaggregation. 25648083 0 3 from Impact 0:5 arg1 resistance 64:73 resistance 64:73 resistance to stress in Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785 64:117 Impact of the exopolysaccharide layer on biofilms, adhesion and resistance to stress in Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785. 25648083 0 3 from Impact 0:5 arg1 adhesion 51:58 adhesion 51:58 adhesion 51:58 Impact of the exopolysaccharide layer on biofilms, adhesion and resistance to stress in Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785. 25648083 0 3 from Impact 0:5 arg1 biofilms 41:48 biofilms 41:48 biofilms 41:48 Impact of the exopolysaccharide layer on biofilms, adhesion and resistance to stress in Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785. 25648083 8 4 from johnsonii 1296:1304 arg1 manipulation 1259:1270 manipulation 1259:1270 manipulation of EPS production in L. johnsonii FI9785 1259:1311 CONCLUSIONS This study showed that manipulation of EPS production in L. johnsonii FI9785 can affect properties which may improve its performance as a competitive exclusion agent, but that positive changes in adhesion may be compromised by a reduction in the ability to survive stress. 25648083 1 5 dep BACKGROUND 120:129 arg1 factor 171:176 a crucial factor 161:176 a crucial factor in cell-cell and cell-host interactions 161:216 BACKGROUND The bacterial cell surface is a crucial factor in cell-cell and cell-host interactions. 25648083 1 5 dep BACKGROUND 120:129 arg1 surface 150:156 The bacterial cell surface 131:156 The bacterial cell surface 131:156 BACKGROUND The bacterial cell surface is a crucial factor in cell-cell and cell-host interactions. 25648083 8 6 from manipulation 1259:1270 arg1 johnsonii 1296:1304 L. johnsonii FI9785 1293:1311 L. johnsonii FI9785 1293:1311 CONCLUSIONS This study showed that manipulation of EPS production in L. johnsonii FI9785 can affect properties which may improve its performance as a competitive exclusion agent, but that positive changes in adhesion may be compromised by a reduction in the ability to survive stress. 25648083 7 7 theme able 1193:1196 arg1 bacteria 1179:1186 the bacteria 1175:1186 the bacteria less able to survive some stresses 1175:1221 A reduction in EPS production increased bacterial adhesion to chicken gut explants, but made the bacteria less able to survive some stresses. 25648083 7 8 theme bacterial 1122:1130 arg1 adhesion 1132:1139 bacterial adhesion 1122:1139 bacterial adhesion to chicken gut explants 1122:1163 A reduction in EPS production increased bacterial adhesion to chicken gut explants, but made the bacteria less able to survive some stresses. 25648083 4 9 theme negative 750:757 arg1 surface 777:783 a less negative, more hydrophilic surface 743:783 a less negative, more hydrophilic surface 743:783 RESULTS Analysis of physicochemical cell surface characteristics reflected by Zeta potential and adhesion to hexadecane showed that an increase in EPS gave a less negative, more hydrophilic surface and reduced autoaggregation. 25648083 5 10 theme responsible 937:947 arg1 structures 926:935 surface structures 918:935 surface structures responsible for cell-cell interactions 918:974 Autoaggregation was significantly higher in mutants that have reduced EPS, indicating that EPS can mask surface structures responsible for cell-cell interactions. 25648083 8 11 from reduction 1465:1473 arg1 ability 1482:1488 the ability to survive stress 1478:1506 the ability to survive stress 1478:1506 CONCLUSIONS This study showed that manipulation of EPS production in L. johnsonii FI9785 can affect properties which may improve its performance as a competitive exclusion agent, but that positive changes in adhesion may be compromised by a reduction in the ability to survive stress. 25648083 8 12 from production 1279:1288 arg1 johnsonii 1296:1304 L. johnsonii FI9785 1293:1311 L. johnsonii FI9785 1293:1311 CONCLUSIONS This study showed that manipulation of EPS production in L. johnsonii FI9785 can affect properties which may improve its performance as a competitive exclusion agent, but that positive changes in adhesion may be compromised by a reduction in the ability to survive stress. 25648083 7 13 theme EPS 1097:1099 arg1 production 1101:1110 EPS production 1097:1110 EPS production 1097:1110 A reduction in EPS production increased bacterial adhesion to chicken gut explants, but made the bacteria less able to survive some stresses. 25648083 5 14 contain have 871:874 arg1 mutants 858:864 mutants 858:864 mutants that have reduced EPS 858:886 Autoaggregation was significantly higher in mutants that have reduced EPS, indicating that EPS can mask surface structures responsible for cell-cell interactions. 25648083 5 14 contain have 871:874 arg2 EPS 884:886 reduced EPS 876:886 reduced EPS 876:886 Autoaggregation was significantly higher in mutants that have reduced EPS, indicating that EPS can mask surface structures responsible for cell-cell interactions. 25648083 4 15 theme Zeta 665:668 arg1 potential 670:678 Zeta potential 665:678 Zeta potential 665:678 RESULTS Analysis of physicochemical cell surface characteristics reflected by Zeta potential and adhesion to hexadecane showed that an increase in EPS gave a less negative, more hydrophilic surface and reduced autoaggregation. 25648083 0 16 theme Lactobacillus 88:100 arg1 johnsonii 102:110 Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785 88:117 Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785 88:117 Impact of the exopolysaccharide layer on biofilms, adhesion and resistance to stress in Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785. 25648083 2 17 theme gene 387:390 arg1 clusters 392:399 their eps gene clusters 377:399 their eps gene clusters 377:399 Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785 produces an exopolysaccharide (EPS) layer whose quantity and composition is altered in mutants that harbour genetic changes in their eps gene clusters. 25648083 8 18 theme positive 1412:1419 arg1 changes 1421:1427 positive changes 1412:1427 positive changes in adhesion 1412:1439 CONCLUSIONS This study showed that manipulation of EPS production in L. johnsonii FI9785 can affect properties which may improve its performance as a competitive exclusion agent, but that positive changes in adhesion may be compromised by a reduction in the ability to survive stress. 25648083 7 19 from reduction 1084:1092 arg1 production 1101:1110 EPS production 1097:1110 EPS production 1097:1110 A reduction in EPS production increased bacterial adhesion to chicken gut explants, but made the bacteria less able to survive some stresses. 25648083 3 20 theme poultry 551:557 arg1 host 559:562 the poultry host 547:562 the poultry host 547:562 We have assessed the effect of changes in EPS production on cell surface characteristics that may affect the ability of L. johnsonii to colonise the poultry host and exclude pathogens. 25648083 2 21 theme eps 383:385 arg1 clusters 392:399 their eps gene clusters 377:399 their eps gene clusters 377:399 Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785 produces an exopolysaccharide (EPS) layer whose quantity and composition is altered in mutants that harbour genetic changes in their eps gene clusters. 25648083 6 22 theme biofilm 995:1001 arg1 formation 1003:1011 biofilm formation 995:1011 biofilm formation 995:1011 EPS also affected biofilm formation, but here the quantity of EPS produced was not the only determinant. 25648083 4 23 dep RESULTS 587:593 arg1 showed 707:712 showed 707:712 showed that an increase in EPS gave a less negative, more hydrophilic surface and reduced autoaggregation 707:811 RESULTS Analysis of physicochemical cell surface characteristics reflected by Zeta potential and adhesion to hexadecane showed that an increase in EPS gave a less negative, more hydrophilic surface and reduced autoaggregation. 25648083 5 24 theme reduced 876:882 arg1 EPS 884:886 reduced EPS 876:886 reduced EPS 876:886 Autoaggregation was significantly higher in mutants that have reduced EPS, indicating that EPS can mask surface structures responsible for cell-cell interactions. 25648083 2 25 dep exopolysaccharide 262:278 arg1 layer 286:290 layer 286:290 an exopolysaccharide (EPS) layer whose quantity and composition is altered in mutants that harbour genetic changes in their eps gene clusters 259:399 Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785 produces an exopolysaccharide (EPS) layer whose quantity and composition is altered in mutants that harbour genetic changes in their eps gene clusters. 25648083 0 26 theme exopolysaccharide 14:30 arg1 layer 32:36 the exopolysaccharide layer 10:36 the exopolysaccharide layer 10:36 Impact of the exopolysaccharide layer on biofilms, adhesion and resistance to stress in Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785. 25648083 8 27 dep CONCLUSIONS 1224:1234 arg1 showed 1247:1252 showed 1247:1252 showed that manipulation of EPS production in L. johnsonii FI9785 can affect properties which may improve its performance as a competitive exclusion agent, but that positive changes in adhesion may be compromised by a reduction in the ability to survive stress 1247:1506 CONCLUSIONS This study showed that manipulation of EPS production in L. johnsonii FI9785 can affect properties which may improve its performance as a competitive exclusion agent, but that positive changes in adhesion may be compromised by a reduction in the ability to survive stress. 25648083 2 28 from changes 366:372 arg1 clusters 392:399 their eps gene clusters 377:399 their eps gene clusters 377:399 Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785 produces an exopolysaccharide (EPS) layer whose quantity and composition is altered in mutants that harbour genetic changes in their eps gene clusters. 25648083 8 29 theme exclusion 1386:1394 arg1 agent 1396:1400 a competitive exclusion agent 1372:1400 a competitive exclusion agent 1372:1400 CONCLUSIONS This study showed that manipulation of EPS production in L. johnsonii FI9785 can affect properties which may improve its performance as a competitive exclusion agent, but that positive changes in adhesion may be compromised by a reduction in the ability to survive stress. 25648083 8 29 theme exclusion 1386:1394 arg1 performance 1357:1367 its performance 1353:1367 its performance 1353:1367 CONCLUSIONS This study showed that manipulation of EPS production in L. johnsonii FI9785 can affect properties which may improve its performance as a competitive exclusion agent, but that positive changes in adhesion may be compromised by a reduction in the ability to survive stress. 25648083 1 30 theme cell-cell 181:189 arg1 interactions 205:216 cell-cell and cell-host interactions 181:216 cell-cell and cell-host interactions 181:216 BACKGROUND The bacterial cell surface is a crucial factor in cell-cell and cell-host interactions. 25648083 5 31 theme cell-cell 953:961 arg1 interactions 963:974 cell-cell interactions 953:974 cell-cell interactions 953:974 Autoaggregation was significantly higher in mutants that have reduced EPS, indicating that EPS can mask surface structures responsible for cell-cell interactions. 25648083 8 32 theme competitive 1374:1384 arg1 agent 1396:1400 a competitive exclusion agent 1372:1400 a competitive exclusion agent 1372:1400 CONCLUSIONS This study showed that manipulation of EPS production in L. johnsonii FI9785 can affect properties which may improve its performance as a competitive exclusion agent, but that positive changes in adhesion may be compromised by a reduction in the ability to survive stress. 25648083 8 32 theme competitive 1374:1384 arg1 performance 1357:1367 its performance 1353:1367 its performance 1353:1367 CONCLUSIONS This study showed that manipulation of EPS production in L. johnsonii FI9785 can affect properties which may improve its performance as a competitive exclusion agent, but that positive changes in adhesion may be compromised by a reduction in the ability to survive stress. 25648083 8 33 from changes 1421:1427 arg1 adhesion 1432:1439 adhesion 1432:1439 adhesion 1432:1439 CONCLUSIONS This study showed that manipulation of EPS production in L. johnsonii FI9785 can affect properties which may improve its performance as a competitive exclusion agent, but that positive changes in adhesion may be compromised by a reduction in the ability to survive stress. 25648083 4 34 theme cell 623:626 arg1 characteristics 636:650 physicochemical cell surface characteristics 607:650 physicochemical cell surface characteristics reflected by Zeta potential and adhesion to hexadecane 607:705 RESULTS Analysis of physicochemical cell surface characteristics reflected by Zeta potential and adhesion to hexadecane showed that an increase in EPS gave a less negative, more hydrophilic surface and reduced autoaggregation. 25648083 0 35 from resistance 64:73 arg1 johnsonii 102:110 Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785 88:117 Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785 88:117 Impact of the exopolysaccharide layer on biofilms, adhesion and resistance to stress in Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785. 25648083 6 36 theme only 1064:1067 arg1 determinant 1069:1079 the only determinant 1060:1079 the only determinant 1060:1079 EPS also affected biofilm formation, but here the quantity of EPS produced was not the only determinant. 25648083 6 36 theme only 1064:1067 arg1 quantity 1027:1034 the quantity 1023:1034 the quantity of EPS produced 1023:1050 EPS also affected biofilm formation, but here the quantity of EPS produced was not the only determinant. 25648083 1 37 theme cell-host 195:203 arg1 interactions 205:216 cell-cell and cell-host interactions 181:216 cell-cell and cell-host interactions 181:216 BACKGROUND The bacterial cell surface is a crucial factor in cell-cell and cell-host interactions. 25648083 0 38 theme layer 32:36 arg1 Impact 0:5 Impact 0:5 Impact of the exopolysaccharide layer on biofilms, adhesion and resistance to stress in Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785. 0:118 Impact of the exopolysaccharide layer on biofilms, adhesion and resistance to stress in Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785. 25648083 8 39 theme production 1279:1288 arg1 manipulation 1259:1270 manipulation 1259:1270 manipulation of EPS production in L. johnsonii FI9785 1259:1311 CONCLUSIONS This study showed that manipulation of EPS production in L. johnsonii FI9785 can affect properties which may improve its performance as a competitive exclusion agent, but that positive changes in adhesion may be compromised by a reduction in the ability to survive stress. 25648083 2 40 theme johnsonii 233:241 arg1 FI9785 243:248 Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785 219:248 Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785 219:248 Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785 produces an exopolysaccharide (EPS) layer whose quantity and composition is altered in mutants that harbour genetic changes in their eps gene clusters. 25648083 3 41 theme EPS 444:446 arg1 production 448:457 EPS production 444:457 EPS production 444:457 We have assessed the effect of changes in EPS production on cell surface characteristics that may affect the ability of L. johnsonii to colonise the poultry host and exclude pathogens. 25648083 7 42 theme chicken 1144:1150 arg1 explants 1156:1163 chicken gut explants 1144:1163 chicken gut explants 1144:1163 A reduction in EPS production increased bacterial adhesion to chicken gut explants, but made the bacteria less able to survive some stresses. 25648083 0 43 from adhesion 51:58 arg1 johnsonii 102:110 Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785 88:117 Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785 88:117 Impact of the exopolysaccharide layer on biofilms, adhesion and resistance to stress in Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785. 25648083 2 44 theme Lactobacillus 219:231 arg1 FI9785 243:248 Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785 219:248 Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785 219:248 Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785 produces an exopolysaccharide (EPS) layer whose quantity and composition is altered in mutants that harbour genetic changes in their eps gene clusters. 25648083 8 45 theme L. 1293:1294 arg1 johnsonii 1296:1304 L. johnsonii FI9785 1293:1311 L. johnsonii FI9785 1293:1311 CONCLUSIONS This study showed that manipulation of EPS production in L. johnsonii FI9785 can affect properties which may improve its performance as a competitive exclusion agent, but that positive changes in adhesion may be compromised by a reduction in the ability to survive stress. 25648083 7 46 theme gut 1152:1154 arg1 explants 1156:1163 chicken gut explants 1144:1163 chicken gut explants 1144:1163 A reduction in EPS production increased bacterial adhesion to chicken gut explants, but made the bacteria less able to survive some stresses. 25648083 3 47 from production 448:457 arg1 effect 423:428 the effect 419:428 the effect of changes in EPS production on cell surface characteristics that may affect the ability of L. johnsonii to colonise the poultry host and exclude pathogens 419:584 We have assessed the effect of changes in EPS production on cell surface characteristics that may affect the ability of L. johnsonii to colonise the poultry host and exclude pathogens. 25648083 5 48 theme surface 918:924 arg1 structures 926:935 surface structures 918:935 surface structures responsible for cell-cell interactions 918:974 Autoaggregation was significantly higher in mutants that have reduced EPS, indicating that EPS can mask surface structures responsible for cell-cell interactions. 25648083 3 49 theme cell 462:465 arg1 characteristics 475:489 cell surface characteristics 462:489 cell surface characteristics that may affect the ability of L. johnsonii to colonise the poultry host and exclude pathogens 462:584 We have assessed the effect of changes in EPS production on cell surface characteristics that may affect the ability of L. johnsonii to colonise the poultry host and exclude pathogens. 25648083 4 50 from increase 722:729 arg1 EPS 734:736 EPS 734:736 EPS 734:736 RESULTS Analysis of physicochemical cell surface characteristics reflected by Zeta potential and adhesion to hexadecane showed that an increase in EPS gave a less negative, more hydrophilic surface and reduced autoaggregation. 25648083 6 51 theme EPS 1039:1041 arg1 quantity 1027:1034 the quantity 1023:1034 the quantity of EPS produced 1023:1050 EPS also affected biofilm formation, but here the quantity of EPS produced was not the only determinant. 25648083 6 51 theme EPS 1039:1041 arg1 determinant 1069:1079 the only determinant 1060:1079 the only determinant 1060:1079 EPS also affected biofilm formation, but here the quantity of EPS produced was not the only determinant. 25648083 3 52 theme johnsonii 525:533 arg1 ability 511:517 the ability 507:517 the ability of L. johnsonii to colonise the poultry host and exclude pathogens 507:584 We have assessed the effect of changes in EPS production on cell surface characteristics that may affect the ability of L. johnsonii to colonise the poultry host and exclude pathogens. 25648083 1 53 from factor 171:176 arg1 interactions 205:216 cell-cell and cell-host interactions 181:216 cell-cell and cell-host interactions 181:216 BACKGROUND The bacterial cell surface is a crucial factor in cell-cell and cell-host interactions. 25648083 3 54 theme surface 467:473 arg1 characteristics 475:489 cell surface characteristics 462:489 cell surface characteristics that may affect the ability of L. johnsonii to colonise the poultry host and exclude pathogens 462:584 We have assessed the effect of changes in EPS production on cell surface characteristics that may affect the ability of L. johnsonii to colonise the poultry host and exclude pathogens. 25648083 3 55 theme changes 433:439 arg1 effect 423:428 the effect 419:428 the effect of changes in EPS production on cell surface characteristics that may affect the ability of L. johnsonii to colonise the poultry host and exclude pathogens 419:584 We have assessed the effect of changes in EPS production on cell surface characteristics that may affect the ability of L. johnsonii to colonise the poultry host and exclude pathogens. 25648083 4 56 theme characteristics 636:650 arg1 Analysis 595:602 Analysis 595:602 Analysis of physicochemical cell surface characteristics reflected by Zeta potential and adhesion to hexadecane 595:705 RESULTS Analysis of physicochemical cell surface characteristics reflected by Zeta potential and adhesion to hexadecane showed that an increase in EPS gave a less negative, more hydrophilic surface and reduced autoaggregation. 25648083 8 57 theme EPS 1275:1277 arg1 production 1279:1288 EPS production 1275:1288 EPS production in L. johnsonii FI9785 1275:1311 CONCLUSIONS This study showed that manipulation of EPS production in L. johnsonii FI9785 can affect properties which may improve its performance as a competitive exclusion agent, but that positive changes in adhesion may be compromised by a reduction in the ability to survive stress. 25648083 3 58 from effect 423:428 arg1 characteristics 475:489 cell surface characteristics 462:489 cell surface characteristics that may affect the ability of L. johnsonii to colonise the poultry host and exclude pathogens 462:584 We have assessed the effect of changes in EPS production on cell surface characteristics that may affect the ability of L. johnsonii to colonise the poultry host and exclude pathogens. 25648083 3 58 from effect 423:428 arg1 production 448:457 EPS production 444:457 EPS production 444:457 We have assessed the effect of changes in EPS production on cell surface characteristics that may affect the ability of L. johnsonii to colonise the poultry host and exclude pathogens. 25648083 1 59 theme bacterial 135:143 arg1 factor 171:176 a crucial factor 161:176 a crucial factor in cell-cell and cell-host interactions 161:216 BACKGROUND The bacterial cell surface is a crucial factor in cell-cell and cell-host interactions. 25648083 1 59 theme bacterial 135:143 arg1 surface 150:156 The bacterial cell surface 131:156 The bacterial cell surface 131:156 BACKGROUND The bacterial cell surface is a crucial factor in cell-cell and cell-host interactions. 25648083 1 60 theme crucial 163:169 arg1 factor 171:176 a crucial factor 161:176 a crucial factor in cell-cell and cell-host interactions 161:216 BACKGROUND The bacterial cell surface is a crucial factor in cell-cell and cell-host interactions. 25648083 1 60 theme crucial 163:169 arg1 surface 150:156 The bacterial cell surface 131:156 The bacterial cell surface 131:156 BACKGROUND The bacterial cell surface is a crucial factor in cell-cell and cell-host interactions. 25648083 4 61 theme physicochemical 607:621 arg1 characteristics 636:650 physicochemical cell surface characteristics 607:650 physicochemical cell surface characteristics reflected by Zeta potential and adhesion to hexadecane 607:705 RESULTS Analysis of physicochemical cell surface characteristics reflected by Zeta potential and adhesion to hexadecane showed that an increase in EPS gave a less negative, more hydrophilic surface and reduced autoaggregation. 25648083 4 62 theme surface 628:634 arg1 characteristics 636:650 physicochemical cell surface characteristics 607:650 physicochemical cell surface characteristics reflected by Zeta potential and adhesion to hexadecane 607:705 RESULTS Analysis of physicochemical cell surface characteristics reflected by Zeta potential and adhesion to hexadecane showed that an increase in EPS gave a less negative, more hydrophilic surface and reduced autoaggregation. 25648083 1 63 theme cell 145:148 arg1 factor 171:176 a crucial factor 161:176 a crucial factor in cell-cell and cell-host interactions 161:216 BACKGROUND The bacterial cell surface is a crucial factor in cell-cell and cell-host interactions. 25648083 1 63 theme cell 145:148 arg1 surface 150:156 The bacterial cell surface 131:156 The bacterial cell surface 131:156 BACKGROUND The bacterial cell surface is a crucial factor in cell-cell and cell-host interactions. 27095433 5 0 theme stability 728:736 arg1 stability 728:736 thermal stability 720:736 thermal stability of the neat PLA 720:752 Thermo-gravimetric analysis confirms the loss of thermal stability of the neat PLA as well as composites after hydrolytic degradation process. 27095433 5 0 theme stability 728:736 arg1 loss 712:715 the loss 708:715 the loss of thermal stability of the neat PLA as well as composites 708:774 Thermo-gravimetric analysis confirms the loss of thermal stability of the neat PLA as well as composites after hydrolytic degradation process. 27095433 5 0 theme stability 728:736 arg1 composites 765:774 composites 765:774 the loss of thermal stability of the neat PLA as well as composites 708:774 Thermo-gravimetric analysis confirms the loss of thermal stability of the neat PLA as well as composites after hydrolytic degradation process. 27095433 6 1 theme PLA 887:889 arg1 nanocomposites 902:915 both the PLA and PLA-SP nanocomposites 878:915 nanocomposites 902:915 Transparency measurements support the enhancement in opacity of both the PLA and PLA-SP nanocomposites with progress in hydrolytic degradation period. 27095433 3 2 theme PLA 448:450 arg1 composites 452:461 PLA and PLA composites 440:461 PLA and PLA composites subjected to the hydrolytic degradation process 440:509 The variation in the crystallinity of PLA and PLA composites subjected to the hydrolytic degradation process is verified by XRD and DSC analysis. 27095433 1 3 theme poly 220:223 arg1 nanocomposites 244:257 poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites 220:257 poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites 220:257 This work discusses the influence of novel biofiller, "sucrose palmitate" (SP) on the hydrolytic degradation behavior of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites. 27095433 3 4 theme composites 452:461 arg1 crystallinity 423:435 the crystallinity 419:435 the crystallinity of PLA and PLA composites subjected to the hydrolytic degradation process 419:509 The variation in the crystallinity of PLA and PLA composites subjected to the hydrolytic degradation process is verified by XRD and DSC analysis. 27095433 2 5 from influence 264:272 arg1 behavior 342:349 the hydrolytic degradation behavior 315:349 the hydrolytic degradation behavior of PLA and PLA-SP nanocomposites 315:382 The influence of temperature and pH of the solution on the hydrolytic degradation behavior of PLA and PLA-SP nanocomposites was investigated. 27095433 3 6 theme degradation 491:501 arg1 process 503:509 the hydrolytic degradation process 476:509 the hydrolytic degradation process 476:509 The variation in the crystallinity of PLA and PLA composites subjected to the hydrolytic degradation process is verified by XRD and DSC analysis. 27095433 1 7 theme lactic 225:230 arg1 poly 220:223 poly 220:223 poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites 220:257 This work discusses the influence of novel biofiller, "sucrose palmitate" (SP) on the hydrolytic degradation behavior of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites. 27095433 1 7 theme lactic 225:230 arg1 acid 232:235 lactic acid 225:235 lactic acid 225:235 This work discusses the influence of novel biofiller, "sucrose palmitate" (SP) on the hydrolytic degradation behavior of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites. 27095433 6 8 from enhancement 852:862 arg1 opacity 867:873 opacity 867:873 opacity of both the PLA and PLA-SP nanocomposites with progress in hydrolytic degradation period 867:962 Transparency measurements support the enhancement in opacity of both the PLA and PLA-SP nanocomposites with progress in hydrolytic degradation period. 27095433 3 9 theme PLA 440:442 arg1 composites 452:461 PLA and PLA composites 440:461 PLA and PLA composites subjected to the hydrolytic degradation process 440:509 The variation in the crystallinity of PLA and PLA composites subjected to the hydrolytic degradation process is verified by XRD and DSC analysis. 27095433 5 10 theme degradation 793:803 arg1 process 805:811 hydrolytic degradation process 782:811 hydrolytic degradation process 782:811 Thermo-gravimetric analysis confirms the loss of thermal stability of the neat PLA as well as composites after hydrolytic degradation process. 27095433 1 11 theme sucrose 154:160 arg1 " 171:171 "sucrose palmitate" 153:171 "sucrose palmitate" (SP) 153:176 This work discusses the influence of novel biofiller, "sucrose palmitate" (SP) on the hydrolytic degradation behavior of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites. 27095433 1 11 theme sucrose 154:160 arg1 biofiller 142:150 novel biofiller 136:150 novel biofiller 136:150 This work discusses the influence of novel biofiller, "sucrose palmitate" (SP) on the hydrolytic degradation behavior of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites. 27095433 1 11 theme sucrose 154:160 arg1 SP 174:175 SP 174:175 SP 174:175 This work discusses the influence of novel biofiller, "sucrose palmitate" (SP) on the hydrolytic degradation behavior of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites. 27095433 1 12 from influence 123:131 arg1 behavior 208:215 the hydrolytic degradation behavior 181:215 the hydrolytic degradation behavior of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites 181:257 This work discusses the influence of novel biofiller, "sucrose palmitate" (SP) on the hydrolytic degradation behavior of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites. 27095433 3 13 theme hydrolytic 480:489 arg1 process 503:509 the hydrolytic degradation process 476:509 the hydrolytic degradation process 476:509 The variation in the crystallinity of PLA and PLA composites subjected to the hydrolytic degradation process is verified by XRD and DSC analysis. 27095433 1 14 theme palmitate 162:170 arg1 " 171:171 "sucrose palmitate" 153:171 "sucrose palmitate" (SP) 153:176 This work discusses the influence of novel biofiller, "sucrose palmitate" (SP) on the hydrolytic degradation behavior of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites. 27095433 1 14 theme palmitate 162:170 arg1 biofiller 142:150 novel biofiller 136:150 novel biofiller 136:150 This work discusses the influence of novel biofiller, "sucrose palmitate" (SP) on the hydrolytic degradation behavior of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites. 27095433 1 14 theme palmitate 162:170 arg1 SP 174:175 SP 174:175 SP 174:175 This work discusses the influence of novel biofiller, "sucrose palmitate" (SP) on the hydrolytic degradation behavior of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites. 27095433 0 15 theme degradation 11:21 arg1 behaviour 23:31 Hydrolytic degradation behaviour 0:31 Hydrolytic degradation behaviour of sucrose palmitate 0:52 Hydrolytic degradation behaviour of sucrose palmitate reinforced poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites. 27095433 2 16 theme hydrolytic 319:328 arg1 behavior 342:349 the hydrolytic degradation behavior 315:349 the hydrolytic degradation behavior of PLA and PLA-SP nanocomposites 315:382 The influence of temperature and pH of the solution on the hydrolytic degradation behavior of PLA and PLA-SP nanocomposites was investigated. 27095433 0 17 theme Hydrolytic 0:9 arg1 behaviour 23:31 Hydrolytic degradation behaviour 0:31 Hydrolytic degradation behaviour of sucrose palmitate 0:52 Hydrolytic degradation behaviour of sucrose palmitate reinforced poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites. 27095433 6 18 theme Transparency 814:825 arg1 measurements 827:838 Transparency measurements 814:838 Transparency measurements 814:838 Transparency measurements support the enhancement in opacity of both the PLA and PLA-SP nanocomposites with progress in hydrolytic degradation period. 27095433 6 19 theme degradation 945:955 arg1 period 957:962 hydrolytic degradation period 934:962 hydrolytic degradation period 934:962 Transparency measurements support the enhancement in opacity of both the PLA and PLA-SP nanocomposites with progress in hydrolytic degradation period. 27095433 2 20 theme PLA-SP 362:367 arg1 behavior 342:349 the hydrolytic degradation behavior 315:349 the hydrolytic degradation behavior of PLA and PLA-SP nanocomposites 315:382 The influence of temperature and pH of the solution on the hydrolytic degradation behavior of PLA and PLA-SP nanocomposites was investigated. 27095433 6 21 theme hydrolytic 934:943 arg1 period 957:962 hydrolytic degradation period 934:962 hydrolytic degradation period 934:962 Transparency measurements support the enhancement in opacity of both the PLA and PLA-SP nanocomposites with progress in hydrolytic degradation period. 27095433 4 22 theme morphological 552:564 arg1 changes 566:572 The morphological changes 548:572 The morphological changes that occurred during the degradation process 548:617 The morphological changes that occurred during the degradation process are observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27095433 6 23 with opacity 867:873 arg1 progress 922:929 progress 922:929 progress in hydrolytic degradation period 922:962 Transparency measurements support the enhancement in opacity of both the PLA and PLA-SP nanocomposites with progress in hydrolytic degradation period. 27095433 4 24 theme electron 644:651 arg1 microscopy 653:662 scanning electron microscopy 635:662 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 635:668 The morphological changes that occurred during the degradation process are observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27095433 4 24 theme electron 644:651 arg1 SEM 665:667 SEM 665:667 SEM 665:667 The morphological changes that occurred during the degradation process are observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27095433 0 25 theme palmitate 44:52 arg1 behaviour 23:31 Hydrolytic degradation behaviour 0:31 Hydrolytic degradation behaviour of sucrose palmitate 0:52 Hydrolytic degradation behaviour of sucrose palmitate reinforced poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites. 27095433 4 26 theme degradation 599:609 arg1 process 611:617 the degradation process 595:617 the degradation process 595:617 The morphological changes that occurred during the degradation process are observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27095433 2 27 dep PLA 354:356 arg1 nanocomposites 369:382 nanocomposites 369:382 nanocomposites 369:382 The influence of temperature and pH of the solution on the hydrolytic degradation behavior of PLA and PLA-SP nanocomposites was investigated. 27095433 2 28 theme PLA 354:356 arg1 behavior 342:349 the hydrolytic degradation behavior 315:349 the hydrolytic degradation behavior of PLA and PLA-SP nanocomposites 315:382 The influence of temperature and pH of the solution on the hydrolytic degradation behavior of PLA and PLA-SP nanocomposites was investigated. 27095433 0 29 theme sucrose 36:42 arg1 palmitate 44:52 sucrose palmitate 36:52 sucrose palmitate 36:52 Hydrolytic degradation behaviour of sucrose palmitate reinforced poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites. 27095433 1 30 theme nanocomposites 244:257 arg1 behavior 208:215 the hydrolytic degradation behavior 181:215 the hydrolytic degradation behavior of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites 181:257 This work discusses the influence of novel biofiller, "sucrose palmitate" (SP) on the hydrolytic degradation behavior of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites. 27095433 5 31 theme neat 745:748 arg1 PLA 750:752 the neat PLA 741:752 the neat PLA 741:752 Thermo-gravimetric analysis confirms the loss of thermal stability of the neat PLA as well as composites after hydrolytic degradation process. 27095433 0 32 theme poly 65:68 arg1 nanocomposites 83:96 poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites 65:96 poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites 65:96 Hydrolytic degradation behaviour of sucrose palmitate reinforced poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites. 27095433 5 33 theme thermal 720:726 arg1 stability 728:736 thermal stability 720:736 thermal stability of the neat PLA 720:752 Thermo-gravimetric analysis confirms the loss of thermal stability of the neat PLA as well as composites after hydrolytic degradation process. 27095433 3 34 from variation 406:414 arg1 crystallinity 423:435 the crystallinity 419:435 the crystallinity of PLA and PLA composites subjected to the hydrolytic degradation process 419:509 The variation in the crystallinity of PLA and PLA composites subjected to the hydrolytic degradation process is verified by XRD and DSC analysis. 27095433 2 35 theme pH 293:294 arg1 influence 264:272 The influence 260:272 The influence of temperature and pH of the solution on the hydrolytic degradation behavior of PLA and PLA-SP nanocomposites 260:382 The influence of temperature and pH of the solution on the hydrolytic degradation behavior of PLA and PLA-SP nanocomposites was investigated. 27095433 5 36 theme Thermo-gravimetric 671:688 arg1 analysis 690:697 Thermo-gravimetric analysis 671:697 Thermo-gravimetric analysis 671:697 Thermo-gravimetric analysis confirms the loss of thermal stability of the neat PLA as well as composites after hydrolytic degradation process. 27095433 6 37 theme nanocomposites 902:915 arg1 opacity 867:873 opacity 867:873 opacity of both the PLA and PLA-SP nanocomposites with progress in hydrolytic degradation period 867:962 Transparency measurements support the enhancement in opacity of both the PLA and PLA-SP nanocomposites with progress in hydrolytic degradation period. 27095433 3 38 theme DSC 534:536 arg1 analysis 538:545 DSC analysis 534:545 DSC analysis 534:545 The variation in the crystallinity of PLA and PLA composites subjected to the hydrolytic degradation process is verified by XRD and DSC analysis. 27095433 6 39 theme PLA-SP 895:900 arg1 nanocomposites 902:915 both the PLA and PLA-SP nanocomposites 878:915 nanocomposites 902:915 Transparency measurements support the enhancement in opacity of both the PLA and PLA-SP nanocomposites with progress in hydrolytic degradation period. 27095433 6 40 from progress 922:929 arg1 period 957:962 hydrolytic degradation period 934:962 hydrolytic degradation period 934:962 Transparency measurements support the enhancement in opacity of both the PLA and PLA-SP nanocomposites with progress in hydrolytic degradation period. 27095433 4 41 theme scanning 635:642 arg1 microscopy 653:662 scanning electron microscopy 635:662 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 635:668 The morphological changes that occurred during the degradation process are observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27095433 4 41 theme scanning 635:642 arg1 SEM 665:667 SEM 665:667 SEM 665:667 The morphological changes that occurred during the degradation process are observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27095433 2 42 theme temperature 277:287 arg1 influence 264:272 The influence 260:272 The influence of temperature and pH of the solution on the hydrolytic degradation behavior of PLA and PLA-SP nanocomposites 260:382 The influence of temperature and pH of the solution on the hydrolytic degradation behavior of PLA and PLA-SP nanocomposites was investigated. 27095433 1 43 theme hydrolytic 185:194 arg1 behavior 208:215 the hydrolytic degradation behavior 181:215 the hydrolytic degradation behavior of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites 181:257 This work discusses the influence of novel biofiller, "sucrose palmitate" (SP) on the hydrolytic degradation behavior of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites. 27095433 1 44 theme biofiller 142:150 arg1 influence 123:131 the influence 119:131 the influence of novel biofiller, "sucrose palmitate" (SP) on the hydrolytic degradation behavior of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites 119:257 This work discusses the influence of novel biofiller, "sucrose palmitate" (SP) on the hydrolytic degradation behavior of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites. 27095433 1 45 theme degradation 196:206 arg1 behavior 208:215 the hydrolytic degradation behavior 181:215 the hydrolytic degradation behavior of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites 181:257 This work discusses the influence of novel biofiller, "sucrose palmitate" (SP) on the hydrolytic degradation behavior of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites. 27095433 0 46 theme lactic 70:75 arg1 acid 77:80 lactic acid 70:80 lactic acid 70:80 Hydrolytic degradation behaviour of sucrose palmitate reinforced poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites. 27095433 0 46 theme lactic 70:75 arg1 poly 65:68 poly 65:68 poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites 65:96 Hydrolytic degradation behaviour of sucrose palmitate reinforced poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites. 27095433 5 47 theme hydrolytic 782:791 arg1 process 805:811 hydrolytic degradation process 782:811 hydrolytic degradation process 782:811 Thermo-gravimetric analysis confirms the loss of thermal stability of the neat PLA as well as composites after hydrolytic degradation process. 27095433 1 48 theme novel 136:140 arg1 " 171:171 "sucrose palmitate" 153:171 "sucrose palmitate" (SP) 153:176 This work discusses the influence of novel biofiller, "sucrose palmitate" (SP) on the hydrolytic degradation behavior of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites. 27095433 1 48 theme novel 136:140 arg1 biofiller 142:150 novel biofiller 136:150 novel biofiller 136:150 This work discusses the influence of novel biofiller, "sucrose palmitate" (SP) on the hydrolytic degradation behavior of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites. 27095433 2 49 theme degradation 330:340 arg1 behavior 342:349 the hydrolytic degradation behavior 315:349 the hydrolytic degradation behavior of PLA and PLA-SP nanocomposites 315:382 The influence of temperature and pH of the solution on the hydrolytic degradation behavior of PLA and PLA-SP nanocomposites was investigated. 27095433 5 50 theme PLA 750:752 arg1 stability 728:736 thermal stability 720:736 thermal stability of the neat PLA 720:752 Thermo-gravimetric analysis confirms the loss of thermal stability of the neat PLA as well as composites after hydrolytic degradation process. 27095433 2 51 theme solution 303:310 arg1 influence 264:272 The influence 260:272 The influence of temperature and pH of the solution on the hydrolytic degradation behavior of PLA and PLA-SP nanocomposites 260:382 The influence of temperature and pH of the solution on the hydrolytic degradation behavior of PLA and PLA-SP nanocomposites was investigated. 27995334 10 0 theme cell 1586:1589 arg1 attachment 1591:1600 cell attachment 1586:1600 cell attachment 1586:1600 The free chondrocyte microscopy and cell attachment were performed by inverted microscope and SEM, and from the study it was confirmed that the cells uniformly attached to the scaffold. 27995334 5 1 from size 854:857 arg1 % 922:922 the range 80-92% 907:922 the range 80-92% 907:922 The study shows that the scaffolds were highly porous with pore size ranging from 48 to 180 µm and the porosities in the range 80-92%. 27995334 10 2 attach attached 1710:1717 arg2 cells 1694:1698 the cells 1690:1698 the cells uniformly attached to the scaffold 1690:1733 The free chondrocyte microscopy and cell attachment were performed by inverted microscope and SEM, and from the study it was confirmed that the cells uniformly attached to the scaffold. 27995334 10 2 attach attached 1710:1717 arg1 scaffold 1726:1733 the scaffold 1722:1733 the scaffold 1722:1733 The free chondrocyte microscopy and cell attachment were performed by inverted microscope and SEM, and from the study it was confirmed that the cells uniformly attached to the scaffold. 27995334 9 3 theme culture 1415:1421 arg1 studies 1423:1429 The cell culture studies 1406:1429 The cell culture studies 1406:1429 The cell culture studies demonstrated that efficient designing of ALBR increases the cartilage regeneration as compared to using a shake flask. 27995334 11 4 theme using 1811:1815 arg1 scaffold 1826:1833 chondrocyte using suitable scaffold 1799:1833 chondrocyte using suitable scaffold for improved cartilage tissue regeneration 1799:1876 This study focuses on optimizing strategies for the culture of chondrocyte using suitable scaffold for improved cartilage tissue regeneration. 27995334 6 5 theme degradation 947:957 arg1 studies 959:965 Swelling and in vitro degradation studies 925:965 Swelling and in vitro degradation studies 925:965 Swelling and in vitro degradation studies were performed for the composite scaffolds; by increasing the chitosan: HA ratio in the composite scaffolds, the swelling property increases and stabilizes after 24 h. 27995334 8 6 from distribution 1228:1239 arg1 scaffold 1248:1255 the scaffold 1244:1255 the scaffold using various growth modes in the shake flask and ALBR 1244:1310 The uniform chondrocyte distribution in the scaffold using various growth modes in the shake flask and ALBR was studied by glycosaminoglycans (GAG) quantification, MTT assay and mixing time evaluation. 27995334 8 7 theme various 1263:1269 arg1 modes 1278:1282 various growth modes 1263:1282 various growth modes 1263:1282 The uniform chondrocyte distribution in the scaffold using various growth modes in the shake flask and ALBR was studied by glycosaminoglycans (GAG) quantification, MTT assay and mixing time evaluation. 27995334 1 8 theme cartilage 151:159 arg1 regeneration 168:179 cartilage tissue regeneration 151:179 cartilage tissue regeneration using porous scaffold in wavy walled airlift bioreactor (ALBR) 151:242 The current work is an attempt to study the strategies for cartilage tissue regeneration using porous scaffold in wavy walled airlift bioreactor (ALBR). 27995334 6 9 theme chitosan 1029:1036 arg1 ratio 1042:1046 the chitosan: HA ratio 1025:1046 the chitosan: HA ratio 1025:1046 Swelling and in vitro degradation studies were performed for the composite scaffolds; by increasing the chitosan: HA ratio in the composite scaffolds, the swelling property increases and stabilizes after 24 h. 27995334 0 10 from Strategies 0:9 arg1 engineering 22:32 process engineering 14:32 process engineering of chondrocyte culture 14:55 Strategies on process engineering of chondrocyte culture for cartilage tissue regeneration. 27995334 8 11 theme chondrocyte 1216:1226 arg1 distribution 1228:1239 The uniform chondrocyte distribution 1204:1239 The uniform chondrocyte distribution in the scaffold using various growth modes in the shake flask and ALBR 1204:1310 The uniform chondrocyte distribution in the scaffold using various growth modes in the shake flask and ALBR was studied by glycosaminoglycans (GAG) quantification, MTT assay and mixing time evaluation. 27995334 3 12 theme increased 583:591 arg1 stability 593:601 increased stability 583:601 increased stability 583:601 The scaffolds were cross-linked with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide, N-hydroxysuccinimide and chondroitin sulfate to obtain interconnected 3D microstructure showing excellent biocompatibility, higher cellular differentiation and increased stability. 27995334 9 13 theme designing 1459:1467 arg1 of ALBR 1469:1475 efficient designing of ALBR 1449:1475 efficient designing of ALBR 1449:1475 The cell culture studies demonstrated that efficient designing of ALBR increases the cartilage regeneration as compared to using a shake flask. 27995334 10 14 theme inverted 1620:1627 arg1 microscope 1629:1638 microscope 1629:1638 microscope 1629:1638 The free chondrocyte microscopy and cell attachment were performed by inverted microscope and SEM, and from the study it was confirmed that the cells uniformly attached to the scaffold. 27995334 4 15 dep morphology 616:625 arg1 The 604:606 The 604:606 The 604:606 The surface morphology and porosity of the scaffolds were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mercury intrusion porosimeter and optimized for chondrocyte regeneration. 27995334 8 16 theme MTT 1368:1370 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 1327:1344 glycosaminoglycans 1327:1344 glycosaminoglycans (GAG) quantification, MTT assay and mixing time evaluation 1327:1403 The uniform chondrocyte distribution in the scaffold using various growth modes in the shake flask and ALBR was studied by glycosaminoglycans (GAG) quantification, MTT assay and mixing time evaluation. 27995334 8 16 theme MTT 1368:1370 arg1 assay 1372:1376 MTT assay 1368:1376 MTT assay 1368:1376 The uniform chondrocyte distribution in the scaffold using various growth modes in the shake flask and ALBR was studied by glycosaminoglycans (GAG) quantification, MTT assay and mixing time evaluation. 27995334 11 17 theme chondrocyte 1799:1809 arg1 scaffold 1826:1833 chondrocyte using suitable scaffold 1799:1833 chondrocyte using suitable scaffold for improved cartilage tissue regeneration 1799:1876 This study focuses on optimizing strategies for the culture of chondrocyte using suitable scaffold for improved cartilage tissue regeneration. 27995334 8 18 theme uniform 1208:1214 arg1 distribution 1228:1239 The uniform chondrocyte distribution 1204:1239 The uniform chondrocyte distribution in the scaffold using various growth modes in the shake flask and ALBR 1204:1310 The uniform chondrocyte distribution in the scaffold using various growth modes in the shake flask and ALBR was studied by glycosaminoglycans (GAG) quantification, MTT assay and mixing time evaluation. 27995334 6 19 theme Swelling 925:932 arg1 studies 959:965 Swelling and in vitro degradation studies 925:965 Swelling and in vitro degradation studies 925:965 Swelling and in vitro degradation studies were performed for the composite scaffolds; by increasing the chitosan: HA ratio in the composite scaffolds, the swelling property increases and stabilizes after 24 h. 27995334 8 20 theme shake 1291:1295 arg1 flask 1297:1301 the shake flask 1287:1301 the shake flask 1287:1301 The uniform chondrocyte distribution in the scaffold using various growth modes in the shake flask and ALBR was studied by glycosaminoglycans (GAG) quantification, MTT assay and mixing time evaluation. 27995334 4 21 theme scanning 677:684 arg1 microscopy 695:704 scanning electron microscopy 677:704 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 677:710 The surface morphology and porosity of the scaffolds were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mercury intrusion porosimeter and optimized for chondrocyte regeneration. 27995334 4 21 theme scanning 677:684 arg1 SEM 707:709 SEM 707:709 SEM 707:709 The surface morphology and porosity of the scaffolds were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mercury intrusion porosimeter and optimized for chondrocyte regeneration. 27995334 5 22 with porous 837:842 arg1 porosities 893:902 the porosities 889:902 the porosities in the range 80-92% 889:922 The study shows that the scaffolds were highly porous with pore size ranging from 48 to 180 µm and the porosities in the range 80-92%. 27995334 5 22 with porous 837:842 arg1 size 854:857 pore size 849:857 pore size ranging from 48 to 180 µm 849:883 The study shows that the scaffolds were highly porous with pore size ranging from 48 to 180 µm and the porosities in the range 80-92%. 27995334 4 23 theme mercury 716:722 arg1 porosimeter 734:744 mercury intrusion porosimeter 716:744 mercury intrusion porosimeter 716:744 The surface morphology and porosity of the scaffolds were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mercury intrusion porosimeter and optimized for chondrocyte regeneration. 27995334 1 24 theme tissue 161:166 arg1 regeneration 168:179 cartilage tissue regeneration 151:179 cartilage tissue regeneration using porous scaffold in wavy walled airlift bioreactor (ALBR) 151:242 The current work is an attempt to study the strategies for cartilage tissue regeneration using porous scaffold in wavy walled airlift bioreactor (ALBR). 27995334 0 25 theme culture 49:55 arg1 engineering 22:32 process engineering 14:32 process engineering of chondrocyte culture 14:55 Strategies on process engineering of chondrocyte culture for cartilage tissue regeneration. 27995334 7 26 theme composite 1171:1179 arg1 scaffolds 1181:1189 composite scaffolds 1171:1189 composite scaffolds for 4 weeks 1171:1201 There was controlled degradation of composite scaffolds for 4 weeks. 27995334 4 27 theme scaffolds 647:655 arg1 porosity 631:638 porosity 631:638 porosity 631:638 The surface morphology and porosity of the scaffolds were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mercury intrusion porosimeter and optimized for chondrocyte regeneration. 27995334 4 27 theme scaffolds 647:655 arg1 morphology 616:625 surface morphology 608:625 surface morphology 608:625 The surface morphology and porosity of the scaffolds were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mercury intrusion porosimeter and optimized for chondrocyte regeneration. 27995334 6 28 dep increasing 1014:1023 arg1 stabilizes 1112:1121 stabilizes 1112:1121 stabilizes after 24 h 1112:1132 Swelling and in vitro degradation studies were performed for the composite scaffolds; by increasing the chitosan: HA ratio in the composite scaffolds, the swelling property increases and stabilizes after 24 h. 27995334 6 28 dep increasing 1014:1023 arg1 increases 1098:1106 increases 1098:1106 increases 1098:1106 Swelling and in vitro degradation studies were performed for the composite scaffolds; by increasing the chitosan: HA ratio in the composite scaffolds, the swelling property increases and stabilizes after 24 h. 27995334 3 29 theme chondroitin 448:458 arg1 sulfate 460:466 chondroitin sulfate 448:466 chondroitin sulfate 448:466 The scaffolds were cross-linked with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide, N-hydroxysuccinimide and chondroitin sulfate to obtain interconnected 3D microstructure showing excellent biocompatibility, higher cellular differentiation and increased stability. 27995334 6 30 theme composite 990:998 arg1 scaffolds 1000:1008 the composite scaffolds 986:1008 the composite scaffolds 986:1008 Swelling and in vitro degradation studies were performed for the composite scaffolds; by increasing the chitosan: HA ratio in the composite scaffolds, the swelling property increases and stabilizes after 24 h. 27995334 2 31 dep chitosan 251:258 arg1 scaffold 314:321 based composite scaffold 298:321 based composite scaffold 298:321 Novel chitosan, poly (L-lactide) and hyaluronic acid based composite scaffold were prepared. 27995334 3 32 theme 1-ethyl-3- 375:384 arg1 carbodiimide 409:420 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide 375:420 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide 375:420 The scaffolds were cross-linked with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide, N-hydroxysuccinimide and chondroitin sulfate to obtain interconnected 3D microstructure showing excellent biocompatibility, higher cellular differentiation and increased stability. 27995334 11 33 theme improved 1839:1846 arg1 regeneration 1865:1876 improved cartilage tissue regeneration 1839:1876 improved cartilage tissue regeneration 1839:1876 This study focuses on optimizing strategies for the culture of chondrocyte using suitable scaffold for improved cartilage tissue regeneration. 27995334 6 34 dep in 938:939 arg1 vitro 941:945 vitro 941:945 vitro 941:945 Swelling and in vitro degradation studies were performed for the composite scaffolds; by increasing the chitosan: HA ratio in the composite scaffolds, the swelling property increases and stabilizes after 24 h. 27995334 2 35 theme hyaluronic 282:291 arg1 acid 293:296 hyaluronic acid 282:296 hyaluronic acid 282:296 Novel chitosan, poly (L-lactide) and hyaluronic acid based composite scaffold were prepared. 27995334 1 36 theme porous 187:192 arg1 scaffold 194:201 porous scaffold 187:201 porous scaffold 187:201 The current work is an attempt to study the strategies for cartilage tissue regeneration using porous scaffold in wavy walled airlift bioreactor (ALBR). 27995334 11 37 theme cartilage 1848:1856 arg1 regeneration 1865:1876 improved cartilage tissue regeneration 1839:1876 improved cartilage tissue regeneration 1839:1876 This study focuses on optimizing strategies for the culture of chondrocyte using suitable scaffold for improved cartilage tissue regeneration. 27995334 4 38 theme electron 686:693 arg1 microscopy 695:704 scanning electron microscopy 677:704 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 677:710 The surface morphology and porosity of the scaffolds were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mercury intrusion porosimeter and optimized for chondrocyte regeneration. 27995334 4 38 theme electron 686:693 arg1 SEM 707:709 SEM 707:709 SEM 707:709 The surface morphology and porosity of the scaffolds were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mercury intrusion porosimeter and optimized for chondrocyte regeneration. 27995334 1 39 theme current 96:102 arg1 work 104:107 The current work 92:107 The current work 92:107 The current work is an attempt to study the strategies for cartilage tissue regeneration using porous scaffold in wavy walled airlift bioreactor (ALBR). 27995334 1 39 theme current 96:102 arg1 attempt 115:121 an attempt 112:121 an attempt to study the strategies for cartilage tissue regeneration using porous scaffold in wavy walled airlift bioreactor (ALBR) 112:242 The current work is an attempt to study the strategies for cartilage tissue regeneration using porous scaffold in wavy walled airlift bioreactor (ALBR). 27995334 11 40 theme scaffold 1826:1833 arg1 culture 1788:1794 the culture 1784:1794 the culture of chondrocyte using suitable scaffold for improved cartilage tissue regeneration 1784:1876 This study focuses on optimizing strategies for the culture of chondrocyte using suitable scaffold for improved cartilage tissue regeneration. 27995334 8 41 theme mixing 1382:1387 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 1327:1344 glycosaminoglycans 1327:1344 glycosaminoglycans (GAG) quantification, MTT assay and mixing time evaluation 1327:1403 The uniform chondrocyte distribution in the scaffold using various growth modes in the shake flask and ALBR was studied by glycosaminoglycans (GAG) quantification, MTT assay and mixing time evaluation. 27995334 8 41 theme mixing 1382:1387 arg1 evaluation 1394:1403 mixing time evaluation 1382:1403 mixing time evaluation 1382:1403 The uniform chondrocyte distribution in the scaffold using various growth modes in the shake flask and ALBR was studied by glycosaminoglycans (GAG) quantification, MTT assay and mixing time evaluation. 27995334 8 42 dep glycosaminoglycans 1327:1344 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 1327:1344 glycosaminoglycans 1327:1344 glycosaminoglycans (GAG) quantification, MTT assay and mixing time evaluation 1327:1403 The uniform chondrocyte distribution in the scaffold using various growth modes in the shake flask and ALBR was studied by glycosaminoglycans (GAG) quantification, MTT assay and mixing time evaluation. 27995334 8 42 dep glycosaminoglycans 1327:1344 arg1 evaluation 1394:1403 mixing time evaluation 1382:1403 mixing time evaluation 1382:1403 The uniform chondrocyte distribution in the scaffold using various growth modes in the shake flask and ALBR was studied by glycosaminoglycans (GAG) quantification, MTT assay and mixing time evaluation. 27995334 8 42 dep glycosaminoglycans 1327:1344 arg1 quantification 1352:1365 quantification 1352:1365 quantification 1352:1365 The uniform chondrocyte distribution in the scaffold using various growth modes in the shake flask and ALBR was studied by glycosaminoglycans (GAG) quantification, MTT assay and mixing time evaluation. 27995334 8 42 dep glycosaminoglycans 1327:1344 arg1 assay 1372:1376 MTT assay 1368:1376 MTT assay 1368:1376 The uniform chondrocyte distribution in the scaffold using various growth modes in the shake flask and ALBR was studied by glycosaminoglycans (GAG) quantification, MTT assay and mixing time evaluation. 27995334 3 43 theme interconnected 478:491 arg1 microstructure 496:509 interconnected 3D microstructure 478:509 interconnected 3D microstructure showing excellent biocompatibility, higher cellular differentiation and increased stability 478:601 The scaffolds were cross-linked with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide, N-hydroxysuccinimide and chondroitin sulfate to obtain interconnected 3D microstructure showing excellent biocompatibility, higher cellular differentiation and increased stability. 27995334 0 44 theme chondrocyte 37:47 arg1 culture 49:55 chondrocyte culture 37:55 chondrocyte culture 37:55 Strategies on process engineering of chondrocyte culture for cartilage tissue regeneration. 27995334 4 45 theme surface 608:614 arg1 morphology 616:625 surface morphology 608:625 surface morphology 608:625 The surface morphology and porosity of the scaffolds were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mercury intrusion porosimeter and optimized for chondrocyte regeneration. 27995334 9 46 theme shake 1537:1541 arg1 flask 1543:1547 a shake flask 1535:1547 a shake flask 1535:1547 The cell culture studies demonstrated that efficient designing of ALBR increases the cartilage regeneration as compared to using a shake flask. 27995334 11 47 theme suitable 1817:1824 arg1 scaffold 1826:1833 chondrocyte using suitable scaffold 1799:1833 chondrocyte using suitable scaffold for improved cartilage tissue regeneration 1799:1876 This study focuses on optimizing strategies for the culture of chondrocyte using suitable scaffold for improved cartilage tissue regeneration. 27995334 6 48 theme swelling 1080:1087 arg1 property 1089:1096 the swelling property 1076:1096 the swelling property 1076:1096 Swelling and in vitro degradation studies were performed for the composite scaffolds; by increasing the chitosan: HA ratio in the composite scaffolds, the swelling property increases and stabilizes after 24 h. 27995334 1 49 theme wavy 206:209 arg1 ALBR 238:241 ALBR 238:241 ALBR 238:241 The current work is an attempt to study the strategies for cartilage tissue regeneration using porous scaffold in wavy walled airlift bioreactor (ALBR). 27995334 1 49 theme wavy 206:209 arg1 bioreactor 226:235 wavy walled airlift bioreactor 206:235 wavy walled airlift bioreactor (ALBR) 206:242 The current work is an attempt to study the strategies for cartilage tissue regeneration using porous scaffold in wavy walled airlift bioreactor (ALBR). 27995334 5 50 theme range 911:915 arg1 % 922:922 the range 80-92% 907:922 the range 80-92% 907:922 The study shows that the scaffolds were highly porous with pore size ranging from 48 to 180 µm and the porosities in the range 80-92%. 27995334 1 51 theme walled 211:216 arg1 ALBR 238:241 ALBR 238:241 ALBR 238:241 The current work is an attempt to study the strategies for cartilage tissue regeneration using porous scaffold in wavy walled airlift bioreactor (ALBR). 27995334 1 51 theme walled 211:216 arg1 bioreactor 226:235 wavy walled airlift bioreactor 206:235 wavy walled airlift bioreactor (ALBR) 206:242 The current work is an attempt to study the strategies for cartilage tissue regeneration using porous scaffold in wavy walled airlift bioreactor (ALBR). 27995334 5 52 theme pore 849:852 arg1 size 854:857 pore size 849:857 pore size ranging from 48 to 180 µm 849:883 The study shows that the scaffolds were highly porous with pore size ranging from 48 to 180 µm and the porosities in the range 80-92%. 27995334 5 53 from porosities 893:902 arg1 % 922:922 the range 80-92% 907:922 the range 80-92% 907:922 The study shows that the scaffolds were highly porous with pore size ranging from 48 to 180 µm and the porosities in the range 80-92%. 27995334 4 54 theme chondrocyte 764:774 arg1 regeneration 776:787 chondrocyte regeneration 764:787 chondrocyte regeneration 764:787 The surface morphology and porosity of the scaffolds were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mercury intrusion porosimeter and optimized for chondrocyte regeneration. 27995334 3 55 theme 3-dimethylaminopropyl 386:406 arg1 carbodiimide 409:420 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide 375:420 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide 375:420 The scaffolds were cross-linked with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide, N-hydroxysuccinimide and chondroitin sulfate to obtain interconnected 3D microstructure showing excellent biocompatibility, higher cellular differentiation and increased stability. 27995334 11 56 theme tissue 1858:1863 arg1 regeneration 1865:1876 improved cartilage tissue regeneration 1839:1876 improved cartilage tissue regeneration 1839:1876 This study focuses on optimizing strategies for the culture of chondrocyte using suitable scaffold for improved cartilage tissue regeneration. 27995334 10 57 theme chondrocyte 1559:1569 arg1 microscopy 1571:1580 The free chondrocyte microscopy 1550:1580 The free chondrocyte microscopy 1550:1580 The free chondrocyte microscopy and cell attachment were performed by inverted microscope and SEM, and from the study it was confirmed that the cells uniformly attached to the scaffold. 27995334 3 58 theme excellent 519:527 arg1 biocompatibility 529:544 excellent biocompatibility 519:544 excellent biocompatibility 519:544 The scaffolds were cross-linked with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide, N-hydroxysuccinimide and chondroitin sulfate to obtain interconnected 3D microstructure showing excellent biocompatibility, higher cellular differentiation and increased stability. 27995334 10 59 theme free 1554:1557 arg1 microscopy 1571:1580 The free chondrocyte microscopy 1550:1580 The free chondrocyte microscopy 1550:1580 The free chondrocyte microscopy and cell attachment were performed by inverted microscope and SEM, and from the study it was confirmed that the cells uniformly attached to the scaffold. 27995334 8 60 theme time 1389:1392 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 1327:1344 glycosaminoglycans 1327:1344 glycosaminoglycans (GAG) quantification, MTT assay and mixing time evaluation 1327:1403 The uniform chondrocyte distribution in the scaffold using various growth modes in the shake flask and ALBR was studied by glycosaminoglycans (GAG) quantification, MTT assay and mixing time evaluation. 27995334 8 60 theme time 1389:1392 arg1 evaluation 1394:1403 mixing time evaluation 1382:1403 mixing time evaluation 1382:1403 The uniform chondrocyte distribution in the scaffold using various growth modes in the shake flask and ALBR was studied by glycosaminoglycans (GAG) quantification, MTT assay and mixing time evaluation. 27995334 4 61 theme intrusion 724:732 arg1 porosimeter 734:744 mercury intrusion porosimeter 716:744 mercury intrusion porosimeter 716:744 The surface morphology and porosity of the scaffolds were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mercury intrusion porosimeter and optimized for chondrocyte regeneration. 27995334 2 62 theme composite 304:312 arg1 scaffold 314:321 based composite scaffold 298:321 based composite scaffold 298:321 Novel chitosan, poly (L-lactide) and hyaluronic acid based composite scaffold were prepared. 27995334 9 63 theme cell 1410:1413 arg1 studies 1423:1429 The cell culture studies 1406:1429 The cell culture studies 1406:1429 The cell culture studies demonstrated that efficient designing of ALBR increases the cartilage regeneration as compared to using a shake flask. 27995334 1 64 theme airlift 218:224 arg1 ALBR 238:241 ALBR 238:241 ALBR 238:241 The current work is an attempt to study the strategies for cartilage tissue regeneration using porous scaffold in wavy walled airlift bioreactor (ALBR). 27995334 1 64 theme airlift 218:224 arg1 bioreactor 226:235 wavy walled airlift bioreactor 206:235 wavy walled airlift bioreactor (ALBR) 206:242 The current work is an attempt to study the strategies for cartilage tissue regeneration using porous scaffold in wavy walled airlift bioreactor (ALBR). 27995334 9 65 theme efficient 1449:1457 arg1 of ALBR 1469:1475 efficient designing of ALBR 1449:1475 efficient designing of ALBR 1449:1475 The cell culture studies demonstrated that efficient designing of ALBR increases the cartilage regeneration as compared to using a shake flask. 27995334 2 66 theme Novel 245:249 arg1 chitosan 251:258 Novel chitosan 245:258 Novel chitosan 245:258 Novel chitosan, poly (L-lactide) and hyaluronic acid based composite scaffold were prepared. 27995334 2 67 theme based 298:302 arg1 scaffold 314:321 based composite scaffold 298:321 based composite scaffold 298:321 Novel chitosan, poly (L-lactide) and hyaluronic acid based composite scaffold were prepared. 27995334 8 68 theme growth 1271:1276 arg1 modes 1278:1282 various growth modes 1263:1282 various growth modes 1263:1282 The uniform chondrocyte distribution in the scaffold using various growth modes in the shake flask and ALBR was studied by glycosaminoglycans (GAG) quantification, MTT assay and mixing time evaluation. 27995334 3 69 theme 3D 493:494 arg1 microstructure 496:509 interconnected 3D microstructure 478:509 interconnected 3D microstructure showing excellent biocompatibility, higher cellular differentiation and increased stability 478:601 The scaffolds were cross-linked with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide, N-hydroxysuccinimide and chondroitin sulfate to obtain interconnected 3D microstructure showing excellent biocompatibility, higher cellular differentiation and increased stability. 27995334 0 70 theme tissue 71:76 arg1 regeneration 78:89 cartilage tissue regeneration 61:89 cartilage tissue regeneration 61:89 Strategies on process engineering of chondrocyte culture for cartilage tissue regeneration. 27995334 6 71 theme composite 1055:1063 arg1 scaffolds 1065:1073 the composite scaffolds 1051:1073 the composite scaffolds 1051:1073 Swelling and in vitro degradation studies were performed for the composite scaffolds; by increasing the chitosan: HA ratio in the composite scaffolds, the swelling property increases and stabilizes after 24 h. 27995334 5 72 dep 180 µm 878:883 arg1 to 875:876 to 875:876 to 875:876 The study shows that the scaffolds were highly porous with pore size ranging from 48 to 180 µm and the porosities in the range 80-92%. 27995334 3 73 theme higher 547:552 arg1 differentiation 563:577 higher cellular differentiation 547:577 higher cellular differentiation 547:577 The scaffolds were cross-linked with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide, N-hydroxysuccinimide and chondroitin sulfate to obtain interconnected 3D microstructure showing excellent biocompatibility, higher cellular differentiation and increased stability. 27995334 6 74 theme in 938:939 arg1 degradation 947:957 in vitro degradation 938:957 in vitro degradation 938:957 Swelling and in vitro degradation studies were performed for the composite scaffolds; by increasing the chitosan: HA ratio in the composite scaffolds, the swelling property increases and stabilizes after 24 h. 27995334 0 75 theme cartilage 61:69 arg1 regeneration 78:89 cartilage tissue regeneration 61:89 cartilage tissue regeneration 61:89 Strategies on process engineering of chondrocyte culture for cartilage tissue regeneration. 27995334 9 76 theme cartilage 1491:1499 arg1 regeneration 1501:1512 the cartilage regeneration 1487:1512 the cartilage regeneration 1487:1512 The cell culture studies demonstrated that efficient designing of ALBR increases the cartilage regeneration as compared to using a shake flask. 27995334 0 77 theme process 14:20 arg1 engineering 22:32 process engineering 14:32 process engineering of chondrocyte culture 14:55 Strategies on process engineering of chondrocyte culture for cartilage tissue regeneration. 27995334 3 78 theme cellular 554:561 arg1 differentiation 563:577 higher cellular differentiation 547:577 higher cellular differentiation 547:577 The scaffolds were cross-linked with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide, N-hydroxysuccinimide and chondroitin sulfate to obtain interconnected 3D microstructure showing excellent biocompatibility, higher cellular differentiation and increased stability. 27995334 6 79 theme HA 1039:1040 arg1 ratio 1042:1046 the chitosan: HA ratio 1025:1046 the chitosan: HA ratio 1025:1046 Swelling and in vitro degradation studies were performed for the composite scaffolds; by increasing the chitosan: HA ratio in the composite scaffolds, the swelling property increases and stabilizes after 24 h. 25197745 4 0 theme Spatial 507:513 arg1 control 515:521 Spatial control 507:521 Spatial control of fiber distribution within the digital models allowed for the fabrication of a series of materials with a spectrum of swelling behavior and mechanical properties with physical characteristics ranging from soft and wet to hard and dry. 507:758 Spatial control of fiber distribution within the digital models allowed for the fabrication of a series of materials with a spectrum of swelling behavior and mechanical properties with physical characteristics ranging from soft and wet to hard and dry. 25197745 1 1 theme fiber 166:170 arg1 hydrogels 183:191 fiber reinforced hydrogels 166:191 fiber reinforced hydrogels 166:191 An additive manufacturing process that combines digital modeling and 3D printing was used to prepare fiber reinforced hydrogels in a single-step process. 25197745 6 2 theme meniscus 904:911 arg1 cartilage 913:921 A prototype meniscus cartilage 892:921 A prototype meniscus cartilage 892:921 A prototype meniscus cartilage was prepared to illustrate the potential application in bioengineering. 25197745 4 3 theme fiber 526:530 arg1 distribution 532:543 fiber distribution 526:543 fiber distribution 526:543 Spatial control of fiber distribution within the digital models allowed for the fabrication of a series of materials with a spectrum of swelling behavior and mechanical properties with physical characteristics ranging from soft and wet to hard and dry. 25197745 2 4 theme Emax 384:387 arg1 Gel-SC 393:398 Emax 904 Gel-SC 384:398 Emax 904 Gel-SC 384:398 The composite materials were fabricated by selectively pattering a combination of alginate/acrylamide gel precursor solution and an epoxy based UV-curable adhesive (Emax 904 Gel-SC) with an extrusion printer. 25197745 2 4 theme Emax 384:387 arg1 UV-curable 363:372 an epoxy based UV-curable adhesive 348:381 an epoxy based UV-curable adhesive (Emax 904 Gel-SC) with an extrusion printer 348:425 The composite materials were fabricated by selectively pattering a combination of alginate/acrylamide gel precursor solution and an epoxy based UV-curable adhesive (Emax 904 Gel-SC) with an extrusion printer. 25197745 4 5 theme digital 556:562 arg1 models 564:569 the digital models 552:569 the digital models allowed for the fabrication of a series of materials with a spectrum of swelling behavior and mechanical properties with physical characteristics ranging from soft and wet to hard and dry 552:757 Spatial control of fiber distribution within the digital models allowed for the fabrication of a series of materials with a spectrum of swelling behavior and mechanical properties with physical characteristics ranging from soft and wet to hard and dry. 25197745 2 6 theme precursor 325:333 arg1 solution 335:342 alginate/acrylamide gel precursor solution 301:342 alginate/acrylamide gel precursor solution 301:342 The composite materials were fabricated by selectively pattering a combination of alginate/acrylamide gel precursor solution and an epoxy based UV-curable adhesive (Emax 904 Gel-SC) with an extrusion printer. 25197745 2 7 theme solution 335:342 arg1 Gel-SC 393:398 Emax 904 Gel-SC 384:398 Emax 904 Gel-SC 384:398 The composite materials were fabricated by selectively pattering a combination of alginate/acrylamide gel precursor solution and an epoxy based UV-curable adhesive (Emax 904 Gel-SC) with an extrusion printer. 25197745 2 7 theme solution 335:342 arg1 UV-curable 363:372 an epoxy based UV-curable adhesive 348:381 an epoxy based UV-curable adhesive (Emax 904 Gel-SC) with an extrusion printer 348:425 The composite materials were fabricated by selectively pattering a combination of alginate/acrylamide gel precursor solution and an epoxy based UV-curable adhesive (Emax 904 Gel-SC) with an extrusion printer. 25197745 2 7 theme solution 335:342 arg1 combination 286:296 a combination 284:296 a combination of alginate/acrylamide gel precursor solution 284:342 The composite materials were fabricated by selectively pattering a combination of alginate/acrylamide gel precursor solution and an epoxy based UV-curable adhesive (Emax 904 Gel-SC) with an extrusion printer. 25197745 4 8 theme series 604:609 arg1 fabrication 587:597 the fabrication 583:597 the fabrication of a series of materials with a spectrum of swelling behavior and mechanical properties with physical characteristics ranging from soft and wet to hard and dry 583:757 Spatial control of fiber distribution within the digital models allowed for the fabrication of a series of materials with a spectrum of swelling behavior and mechanical properties with physical characteristics ranging from soft and wet to hard and dry. 25197745 1 9 used used 150:153 arg2 process 91:97 An additive manufacturing process 65:97 An additive manufacturing process that combines digital modeling and 3D printing 65:144 An additive manufacturing process that combines digital modeling and 3D printing was used to prepare fiber reinforced hydrogels in a single-step process. 25197745 2 10 theme gel 321:323 arg1 solution 335:342 alginate/acrylamide gel precursor solution 301:342 alginate/acrylamide gel precursor solution 301:342 The composite materials were fabricated by selectively pattering a combination of alginate/acrylamide gel precursor solution and an epoxy based UV-curable adhesive (Emax 904 Gel-SC) with an extrusion printer. 25197745 1 11 theme manufacturing 77:89 arg1 process 91:97 An additive manufacturing process 65:97 An additive manufacturing process that combines digital modeling and 3D printing 65:144 An additive manufacturing process that combines digital modeling and 3D printing was used to prepare fiber reinforced hydrogels in a single-step process. 25197745 3 12 theme composite 487:495 arg1 material 497:504 a single composite material 478:504 a single composite material 478:504 UV irradiation was used to cure the two inks into a single composite material. 25197745 2 13 theme alginate/acrylamide 301:319 arg1 solution 335:342 alginate/acrylamide gel precursor solution 301:342 alginate/acrylamide gel precursor solution 301:342 The composite materials were fabricated by selectively pattering a combination of alginate/acrylamide gel precursor solution and an epoxy based UV-curable adhesive (Emax 904 Gel-SC) with an extrusion printer. 25197745 4 14 theme mechanical 665:674 arg1 properties 676:685 mechanical properties 665:685 mechanical properties 665:685 Spatial control of fiber distribution within the digital models allowed for the fabrication of a series of materials with a spectrum of swelling behavior and mechanical properties with physical characteristics ranging from soft and wet to hard and dry. 25197745 5 15 theme mixtures 791:798 arg1 rule 783:786 the "rule 778:786 the "rule of mixtures" 778:799 A comparison with the "rule of mixtures" was used to show that the swollen composite materials adhere to standard composite theory. 25197745 2 16 theme extrusion 409:417 arg1 printer 419:425 an extrusion printer 406:425 an extrusion printer 406:425 The composite materials were fabricated by selectively pattering a combination of alginate/acrylamide gel precursor solution and an epoxy based UV-curable adhesive (Emax 904 Gel-SC) with an extrusion printer. 25197745 0 17 theme printing 18:25 arg1 fiber 27:31 Three-dimensional printing fiber 0:31 Three-dimensional printing fiber 0:31 Three-dimensional printing fiber reinforced hydrogel composites. 25197745 2 18 theme epoxy 351:355 arg1 Gel-SC 393:398 Emax 904 Gel-SC 384:398 Emax 904 Gel-SC 384:398 The composite materials were fabricated by selectively pattering a combination of alginate/acrylamide gel precursor solution and an epoxy based UV-curable adhesive (Emax 904 Gel-SC) with an extrusion printer. 25197745 2 18 theme epoxy 351:355 arg1 UV-curable 363:372 an epoxy based UV-curable adhesive 348:381 an epoxy based UV-curable adhesive (Emax 904 Gel-SC) with an extrusion printer 348:425 The composite materials were fabricated by selectively pattering a combination of alginate/acrylamide gel precursor solution and an epoxy based UV-curable adhesive (Emax 904 Gel-SC) with an extrusion printer. 25197745 3 19 used used 447:450 arg2 irradiation 431:441 UV irradiation 428:441 UV irradiation 428:441 UV irradiation was used to cure the two inks into a single composite material. 25197745 0 20 theme Three-dimensional 0:16 arg1 fiber 27:31 Three-dimensional printing fiber 0:31 Three-dimensional printing fiber 0:31 Three-dimensional printing fiber reinforced hydrogel composites. 25197745 5 21 theme composite 835:843 arg1 materials 845:853 the swollen composite materials 823:853 the swollen composite materials 823:853 A comparison with the "rule of mixtures" was used to show that the swollen composite materials adhere to standard composite theory. 25197745 1 22 theme digital 113:119 arg1 modeling 121:128 digital modeling 113:128 digital modeling 113:128 An additive manufacturing process that combines digital modeling and 3D printing was used to prepare fiber reinforced hydrogels in a single-step process. 25197745 1 23 theme single-step 198:208 arg1 process 210:216 a single-step process 196:216 a single-step process 196:216 An additive manufacturing process that combines digital modeling and 3D printing was used to prepare fiber reinforced hydrogels in a single-step process. 25197745 6 24 theme potential 954:962 arg1 application 964:974 the potential application 950:974 the potential application in bioengineering 950:992 A prototype meniscus cartilage was prepared to illustrate the potential application in bioengineering. 25197745 2 25 with UV-curable 363:372 arg1 printer 419:425 an extrusion printer 406:425 an extrusion printer 406:425 The composite materials were fabricated by selectively pattering a combination of alginate/acrylamide gel precursor solution and an epoxy based UV-curable adhesive (Emax 904 Gel-SC) with an extrusion printer. 25197745 1 26 theme reinforced 172:181 arg1 hydrogels 183:191 fiber reinforced hydrogels 166:191 fiber reinforced hydrogels 166:191 An additive manufacturing process that combines digital modeling and 3D printing was used to prepare fiber reinforced hydrogels in a single-step process. 25197745 4 27 with properties 676:685 arg1 spectrum 631:638 a spectrum 629:638 a spectrum of swelling behavior 629:659 Spatial control of fiber distribution within the digital models allowed for the fabrication of a series of materials with a spectrum of swelling behavior and mechanical properties with physical characteristics ranging from soft and wet to hard and dry. 25197745 4 27 with properties 676:685 arg1 characteristics 701:715 physical characteristics 692:715 physical characteristics ranging from soft and wet to hard and dry 692:757 Spatial control of fiber distribution within the digital models allowed for the fabrication of a series of materials with a spectrum of swelling behavior and mechanical properties with physical characteristics ranging from soft and wet to hard and dry. 25197745 4 28 theme properties 676:685 arg1 series 604:609 a series 602:609 a series of materials with a spectrum of swelling behavior and mechanical properties with physical characteristics ranging from soft and wet to hard and dry 602:757 Spatial control of fiber distribution within the digital models allowed for the fabrication of a series of materials with a spectrum of swelling behavior and mechanical properties with physical characteristics ranging from soft and wet to hard and dry. 25197745 4 29 theme behavior 652:659 arg1 spectrum 631:638 a spectrum 629:638 a spectrum of swelling behavior 629:659 Spatial control of fiber distribution within the digital models allowed for the fabrication of a series of materials with a spectrum of swelling behavior and mechanical properties with physical characteristics ranging from soft and wet to hard and dry. 25197745 0 30 theme hydrogel 44:51 arg1 composites 53:62 hydrogel composites 44:62 hydrogel composites 44:62 Three-dimensional printing fiber reinforced hydrogel composites. 25197745 6 31 from application 964:974 arg1 bioengineering 979:992 bioengineering 979:992 bioengineering 979:992 A prototype meniscus cartilage was prepared to illustrate the potential application in bioengineering. 25197745 5 32 theme swollen 827:833 arg1 materials 845:853 the swollen composite materials 823:853 the swollen composite materials 823:853 A comparison with the "rule of mixtures" was used to show that the swollen composite materials adhere to standard composite theory. 25197745 4 33 theme swelling 643:650 arg1 behavior 652:659 swelling behavior 643:659 swelling behavior 643:659 Spatial control of fiber distribution within the digital models allowed for the fabrication of a series of materials with a spectrum of swelling behavior and mechanical properties with physical characteristics ranging from soft and wet to hard and dry. 25197745 4 34 theme distribution 532:543 arg1 control 515:521 Spatial control 507:521 Spatial control of fiber distribution within the digital models allowed for the fabrication of a series of materials with a spectrum of swelling behavior and mechanical properties with physical characteristics ranging from soft and wet to hard and dry. 507:758 Spatial control of fiber distribution within the digital models allowed for the fabrication of a series of materials with a spectrum of swelling behavior and mechanical properties with physical characteristics ranging from soft and wet to hard and dry. 25197745 4 35 with materials 614:622 arg1 spectrum 631:638 a spectrum 629:638 a spectrum of swelling behavior 629:659 Spatial control of fiber distribution within the digital models allowed for the fabrication of a series of materials with a spectrum of swelling behavior and mechanical properties with physical characteristics ranging from soft and wet to hard and dry. 25197745 4 35 with materials 614:622 arg1 characteristics 701:715 physical characteristics 692:715 physical characteristics ranging from soft and wet to hard and dry 692:757 Spatial control of fiber distribution within the digital models allowed for the fabrication of a series of materials with a spectrum of swelling behavior and mechanical properties with physical characteristics ranging from soft and wet to hard and dry. 25197745 1 36 theme 3D 134:135 arg1 printing 137:144 3D printing 134:144 3D printing 134:144 An additive manufacturing process that combines digital modeling and 3D printing was used to prepare fiber reinforced hydrogels in a single-step process. 25197745 3 37 theme UV 428:429 arg1 irradiation 431:441 UV irradiation 428:441 UV irradiation 428:441 UV irradiation was used to cure the two inks into a single composite material. 25197745 2 38 with combination 286:296 arg1 printer 419:425 an extrusion printer 406:425 an extrusion printer 406:425 The composite materials were fabricated by selectively pattering a combination of alginate/acrylamide gel precursor solution and an epoxy based UV-curable adhesive (Emax 904 Gel-SC) with an extrusion printer. 25197745 5 39 used used 805:808 arg2 comparison 762:771 A comparison 760:771 A comparison with the "rule of mixtures" 760:799 A comparison with the "rule of mixtures" was used to show that the swollen composite materials adhere to standard composite theory. 25197745 2 40 theme composite 223:231 arg1 materials 233:241 The composite materials 219:241 The composite materials 219:241 The composite materials were fabricated by selectively pattering a combination of alginate/acrylamide gel precursor solution and an epoxy based UV-curable adhesive (Emax 904 Gel-SC) with an extrusion printer. 25197745 2 41 theme adhesive 374:381 arg1 Gel-SC 393:398 Emax 904 Gel-SC 384:398 Emax 904 Gel-SC 384:398 The composite materials were fabricated by selectively pattering a combination of alginate/acrylamide gel precursor solution and an epoxy based UV-curable adhesive (Emax 904 Gel-SC) with an extrusion printer. 25197745 2 41 theme adhesive 374:381 arg1 UV-curable 363:372 an epoxy based UV-curable adhesive 348:381 an epoxy based UV-curable adhesive (Emax 904 Gel-SC) with an extrusion printer 348:425 The composite materials were fabricated by selectively pattering a combination of alginate/acrylamide gel precursor solution and an epoxy based UV-curable adhesive (Emax 904 Gel-SC) with an extrusion printer. 25197745 5 42 with comparison 762:771 arg1 rule 783:786 the "rule 778:786 the "rule of mixtures" 778:799 A comparison with the "rule of mixtures" was used to show that the swollen composite materials adhere to standard composite theory. 25197745 3 43 theme single 480:485 arg1 material 497:504 a single composite material 478:504 a single composite material 478:504 UV irradiation was used to cure the two inks into a single composite material. 25197745 6 44 theme prototype 894:902 arg1 cartilage 913:921 A prototype meniscus cartilage 892:921 A prototype meniscus cartilage 892:921 A prototype meniscus cartilage was prepared to illustrate the potential application in bioengineering. 25197745 4 45 theme materials 614:622 arg1 series 604:609 a series 602:609 a series of materials with a spectrum of swelling behavior and mechanical properties with physical characteristics ranging from soft and wet to hard and dry 602:757 Spatial control of fiber distribution within the digital models allowed for the fabrication of a series of materials with a spectrum of swelling behavior and mechanical properties with physical characteristics ranging from soft and wet to hard and dry. 25197745 1 46 theme additive 68:75 arg1 process 91:97 An additive manufacturing process 65:97 An additive manufacturing process that combines digital modeling and 3D printing 65:144 An additive manufacturing process that combines digital modeling and 3D printing was used to prepare fiber reinforced hydrogels in a single-step process. 25197745 2 47 theme based 357:361 arg1 Gel-SC 393:398 Emax 904 Gel-SC 384:398 Emax 904 Gel-SC 384:398 The composite materials were fabricated by selectively pattering a combination of alginate/acrylamide gel precursor solution and an epoxy based UV-curable adhesive (Emax 904 Gel-SC) with an extrusion printer. 25197745 2 47 theme based 357:361 arg1 UV-curable 363:372 an epoxy based UV-curable adhesive 348:381 an epoxy based UV-curable adhesive (Emax 904 Gel-SC) with an extrusion printer 348:425 The composite materials were fabricated by selectively pattering a combination of alginate/acrylamide gel precursor solution and an epoxy based UV-curable adhesive (Emax 904 Gel-SC) with an extrusion printer. 25197745 5 48 theme composite 874:882 arg1 theory 884:889 standard composite theory 865:889 standard composite theory 865:889 A comparison with the "rule of mixtures" was used to show that the swollen composite materials adhere to standard composite theory. 25197745 5 49 theme standard 865:872 arg1 theory 884:889 standard composite theory 865:889 standard composite theory 865:889 A comparison with the "rule of mixtures" was used to show that the swollen composite materials adhere to standard composite theory. 25197745 4 50 dep hard 746:749 arg1 to 743:744 to 743:744 to 743:744 Spatial control of fiber distribution within the digital models allowed for the fabrication of a series of materials with a spectrum of swelling behavior and mechanical properties with physical characteristics ranging from soft and wet to hard and dry. 25197745 4 51 theme physical 692:699 arg1 characteristics 701:715 physical characteristics 692:715 physical characteristics ranging from soft and wet to hard and dry 692:757 Spatial control of fiber distribution within the digital models allowed for the fabrication of a series of materials with a spectrum of swelling behavior and mechanical properties with physical characteristics ranging from soft and wet to hard and dry. 26572416 0 0 theme compounding 106:116 arg1 sequence 118:125 zeolite ZSM-5 compounding sequence 92:125 zeolite ZSM-5 compounding sequence 92:125 Enhancing distributive mixing of immiscible polyethylene/thermoplastic starch blend through zeolite ZSM-5 compounding sequence. 26572416 2 1 theme wt 475:476 arg1 compounding 489:499 1-5 wt%: (i) melt compounding 471:499 1-5 wt%: (i) melt compounding of PE 471:505 Two processing sequences were used for preparing PE/TPS/ZSM5 composites at a weight ratio of PE to TPS of 70:30 and ZSM5 concentrations of 1-5 wt%: (i) melt compounding of PE with ZSM5 prior to melt blending with TPS (SI); and (ii) TPS was compounded with ZSM5 prior to blending with PE (SII). 26572416 2 2 with concentrations 453:466 arg1 ZSM5 512:515 ZSM5 512:515 ZSM5 prior to melt blending with TPS (SI) 512:552 Two processing sequences were used for preparing PE/TPS/ZSM5 composites at a weight ratio of PE to TPS of 70:30 and ZSM5 concentrations of 1-5 wt%: (i) melt compounding of PE with ZSM5 prior to melt blending with TPS (SI); and (ii) TPS was compounded with ZSM5 prior to blending with PE (SII). 26572416 0 3 theme ZSM-5 100:104 arg1 sequence 118:125 zeolite ZSM-5 compounding sequence 92:125 zeolite ZSM-5 compounding sequence 92:125 Enhancing distributive mixing of immiscible polyethylene/thermoplastic starch blend through zeolite ZSM-5 compounding sequence. 26572416 2 4 dep TPS 564:566 arg1 ii 560:561 ii 560:561 ii 560:561 Two processing sequences were used for preparing PE/TPS/ZSM5 composites at a weight ratio of PE to TPS of 70:30 and ZSM5 concentrations of 1-5 wt%: (i) melt compounding of PE with ZSM5 prior to melt blending with TPS (SI); and (ii) TPS was compounded with ZSM5 prior to blending with PE (SII). 26572416 2 5 theme melt 484:487 arg1 compounding 489:499 1-5 wt%: (i) melt compounding 471:499 1-5 wt%: (i) melt compounding of PE 471:505 Two processing sequences were used for preparing PE/TPS/ZSM5 composites at a weight ratio of PE to TPS of 70:30 and ZSM5 concentrations of 1-5 wt%: (i) melt compounding of PE with ZSM5 prior to melt blending with TPS (SI); and (ii) TPS was compounded with ZSM5 prior to blending with PE (SII). 26572416 2 6 used used 362:365 arg2 sequences 347:355 Two processing sequences 332:355 Two processing sequences 332:355 Two processing sequences were used for preparing PE/TPS/ZSM5 composites at a weight ratio of PE to TPS of 70:30 and ZSM5 concentrations of 1-5 wt%: (i) melt compounding of PE with ZSM5 prior to melt blending with TPS (SI); and (ii) TPS was compounded with ZSM5 prior to blending with PE (SII). 26572416 2 7 dep compounding 489:499 arg1 i 481:481 i 481:481 i 481:481 Two processing sequences were used for preparing PE/TPS/ZSM5 composites at a weight ratio of PE to TPS of 70:30 and ZSM5 concentrations of 1-5 wt%: (i) melt compounding of PE with ZSM5 prior to melt blending with TPS (SI); and (ii) TPS was compounded with ZSM5 prior to blending with PE (SII). 26572416 4 8 theme viscosity 872:880 arg1 reduction 855:863 the reduction 851:863 the reduction of TPS viscosity 851:880 These were caused by both the higher affinity between PE and ZSM5, compared to that of TPS and ZSM5, and the reduction of TPS viscosity after compounding with ZSM5, leading to migration of ZSM5 from TPS dispersed phase toward PE matrix and increase in breakup of TPS droplets during SII sequence. 26572416 4 8 theme viscosity 872:880 arg1 ZSM5 841:844 ZSM5 841:844 ZSM5 841:844 These were caused by both the higher affinity between PE and ZSM5, compared to that of TPS and ZSM5, and the reduction of TPS viscosity after compounding with ZSM5, leading to migration of ZSM5 from TPS dispersed phase toward PE matrix and increase in breakup of TPS droplets during SII sequence. 26572416 4 8 theme viscosity 872:880 arg1 TPS 833:835 TPS 833:835 TPS 833:835 These were caused by both the higher affinity between PE and ZSM5, compared to that of TPS and ZSM5, and the reduction of TPS viscosity after compounding with ZSM5, leading to migration of ZSM5 from TPS dispersed phase toward PE matrix and increase in breakup of TPS droplets during SII sequence. 26572416 4 9 theme PE 972:973 arg1 matrix 975:980 PE matrix 972:980 PE matrix 972:980 These were caused by both the higher affinity between PE and ZSM5, compared to that of TPS and ZSM5, and the reduction of TPS viscosity after compounding with ZSM5, leading to migration of ZSM5 from TPS dispersed phase toward PE matrix and increase in breakup of TPS droplets during SII sequence. 26572416 1 10 theme zeolite 178:184 arg1 sequence 213:220 zeolite ZSM-5 (ZSM5) incorporation sequence 178:220 zeolite ZSM-5 (ZSM5) incorporation sequence 178:220 The aim of this work was to explore the effect of zeolite ZSM-5 (ZSM5) incorporation sequence on the phase morphology, microstructure, and performance of polyethylene/thermoplastic starch (PE/TPS) films. 26572416 0 11 theme distributive 10:21 arg1 mixing 23:28 distributive mixing 10:28 distributive mixing of immiscible polyethylene/thermoplastic starch blend 10:82 Enhancing distributive mixing of immiscible polyethylene/thermoplastic starch blend through zeolite ZSM-5 compounding sequence. 26572416 3 12 theme Distributive 626:637 arg1 properties 661:670 Distributive mixing and mechanical properties 626:670 Distributive mixing and mechanical properties of PE/TPS blend 626:686 Distributive mixing and mechanical properties of PE/TPS blend were greatly enhanced when ZSM5 was incorporated via SII. 26572416 4 13 from phase 959:963 arg1 migration 922:930 migration 922:930 migration of ZSM5 from TPS dispersed phase toward PE matrix and increase in breakup of TPS droplets during SII sequence 922:1040 These were caused by both the higher affinity between PE and ZSM5, compared to that of TPS and ZSM5, and the reduction of TPS viscosity after compounding with ZSM5, leading to migration of ZSM5 from TPS dispersed phase toward PE matrix and increase in breakup of TPS droplets during SII sequence. 26572416 4 13 from phase 959:963 arg1 ZSM5 935:938 ZSM5 935:938 ZSM5 from TPS dispersed phase 935:963 These were caused by both the higher affinity between PE and ZSM5, compared to that of TPS and ZSM5, and the reduction of TPS viscosity after compounding with ZSM5, leading to migration of ZSM5 from TPS dispersed phase toward PE matrix and increase in breakup of TPS droplets during SII sequence. 26572416 1 14 theme ZSM-5 186:190 arg1 sequence 213:220 zeolite ZSM-5 (ZSM5) incorporation sequence 178:220 zeolite ZSM-5 (ZSM5) incorporation sequence 178:220 The aim of this work was to explore the effect of zeolite ZSM-5 (ZSM5) incorporation sequence on the phase morphology, microstructure, and performance of polyethylene/thermoplastic starch (PE/TPS) films. 26572416 4 15 theme TPS 868:870 arg1 viscosity 872:880 TPS viscosity 868:880 TPS viscosity 868:880 These were caused by both the higher affinity between PE and ZSM5, compared to that of TPS and ZSM5, and the reduction of TPS viscosity after compounding with ZSM5, leading to migration of ZSM5 from TPS dispersed phase toward PE matrix and increase in breakup of TPS droplets during SII sequence. 26572416 3 16 theme mixing 639:644 arg1 properties 661:670 Distributive mixing and mechanical properties 626:670 Distributive mixing and mechanical properties of PE/TPS blend 626:686 Distributive mixing and mechanical properties of PE/TPS blend were greatly enhanced when ZSM5 was incorporated via SII. 26572416 4 17 theme TPS 945:947 arg1 phase 959:963 TPS dispersed phase 945:963 TPS dispersed phase 945:963 These were caused by both the higher affinity between PE and ZSM5, compared to that of TPS and ZSM5, and the reduction of TPS viscosity after compounding with ZSM5, leading to migration of ZSM5 from TPS dispersed phase toward PE matrix and increase in breakup of TPS droplets during SII sequence. 26572416 2 18 theme PE/TPS/ZSM5 381:391 arg1 composites 393:402 PE/TPS/ZSM5 composites 381:402 PE/TPS/ZSM5 composites 381:402 Two processing sequences were used for preparing PE/TPS/ZSM5 composites at a weight ratio of PE to TPS of 70:30 and ZSM5 concentrations of 1-5 wt%: (i) melt compounding of PE with ZSM5 prior to melt blending with TPS (SI); and (ii) TPS was compounded with ZSM5 prior to blending with PE (SII). 26572416 1 19 theme ZSM5 193:196 arg1 sequence 213:220 zeolite ZSM-5 (ZSM5) incorporation sequence 178:220 zeolite ZSM-5 (ZSM5) incorporation sequence 178:220 The aim of this work was to explore the effect of zeolite ZSM-5 (ZSM5) incorporation sequence on the phase morphology, microstructure, and performance of polyethylene/thermoplastic starch (PE/TPS) films. 26572416 1 20 theme polyethylene/thermoplastic 282:307 arg1 films 325:329 polyethylene/thermoplastic starch (PE/TPS) films 282:329 polyethylene/thermoplastic starch (PE/TPS) films 282:329 The aim of this work was to explore the effect of zeolite ZSM-5 (ZSM5) incorporation sequence on the phase morphology, microstructure, and performance of polyethylene/thermoplastic starch (PE/TPS) films. 26572416 2 21 theme PE 504:505 arg1 compounding 489:499 1-5 wt%: (i) melt compounding 471:499 1-5 wt%: (i) melt compounding of PE 471:505 Two processing sequences were used for preparing PE/TPS/ZSM5 composites at a weight ratio of PE to TPS of 70:30 and ZSM5 concentrations of 1-5 wt%: (i) melt compounding of PE with ZSM5 prior to melt blending with TPS (SI); and (ii) TPS was compounded with ZSM5 prior to blending with PE (SII). 26572416 0 22 theme polyethylene/thermoplastic 44:69 arg1 blend 78:82 immiscible polyethylene/thermoplastic starch blend 33:82 immiscible polyethylene/thermoplastic starch blend 33:82 Enhancing distributive mixing of immiscible polyethylene/thermoplastic starch blend through zeolite ZSM-5 compounding sequence. 26572416 1 23 theme starch 309:314 arg1 films 325:329 polyethylene/thermoplastic starch (PE/TPS) films 282:329 polyethylene/thermoplastic starch (PE/TPS) films 282:329 The aim of this work was to explore the effect of zeolite ZSM-5 (ZSM5) incorporation sequence on the phase morphology, microstructure, and performance of polyethylene/thermoplastic starch (PE/TPS) films. 26572416 1 24 dep morphology 235:244 arg1 the 225:227 the 225:227 the 225:227 The aim of this work was to explore the effect of zeolite ZSM-5 (ZSM5) incorporation sequence on the phase morphology, microstructure, and performance of polyethylene/thermoplastic starch (PE/TPS) films. 26572416 4 25 theme dispersed 949:957 arg1 phase 959:963 TPS dispersed phase 945:963 TPS dispersed phase 945:963 These were caused by both the higher affinity between PE and ZSM5, compared to that of TPS and ZSM5, and the reduction of TPS viscosity after compounding with ZSM5, leading to migration of ZSM5 from TPS dispersed phase toward PE matrix and increase in breakup of TPS droplets during SII sequence. 26572416 1 26 theme incorporation 199:211 arg1 sequence 213:220 zeolite ZSM-5 (ZSM5) incorporation sequence 178:220 zeolite ZSM-5 (ZSM5) incorporation sequence 178:220 The aim of this work was to explore the effect of zeolite ZSM-5 (ZSM5) incorporation sequence on the phase morphology, microstructure, and performance of polyethylene/thermoplastic starch (PE/TPS) films. 26572416 0 27 theme immiscible 33:42 arg1 blend 78:82 immiscible polyethylene/thermoplastic starch blend 33:82 immiscible polyethylene/thermoplastic starch blend 33:82 Enhancing distributive mixing of immiscible polyethylene/thermoplastic starch blend through zeolite ZSM-5 compounding sequence. 26572416 2 28 theme concentrations 453:466 arg1 TPS 431:433 TPS 431:433 TPS of 70:30 and ZSM5 concentrations of 1-5 wt%: (i) melt compounding of PE with ZSM5 prior to melt blending with TPS (SI) 431:552 Two processing sequences were used for preparing PE/TPS/ZSM5 composites at a weight ratio of PE to TPS of 70:30 and ZSM5 concentrations of 1-5 wt%: (i) melt compounding of PE with ZSM5 prior to melt blending with TPS (SI); and (ii) TPS was compounded with ZSM5 prior to blending with PE (SII). 26572416 3 29 theme blend 682:686 arg1 properties 661:670 Distributive mixing and mechanical properties 626:670 Distributive mixing and mechanical properties of PE/TPS blend 626:686 Distributive mixing and mechanical properties of PE/TPS blend were greatly enhanced when ZSM5 was incorporated via SII. 26572416 2 30 theme compounding 489:499 arg1 70:30 438:442 70:30 438:442 70:30 438:442 Two processing sequences were used for preparing PE/TPS/ZSM5 composites at a weight ratio of PE to TPS of 70:30 and ZSM5 concentrations of 1-5 wt%: (i) melt compounding of PE with ZSM5 prior to melt blending with TPS (SI); and (ii) TPS was compounded with ZSM5 prior to blending with PE (SII). 26572416 2 30 theme compounding 489:499 arg1 concentrations 453:466 ZSM5 concentrations 448:466 ZSM5 concentrations 448:466 Two processing sequences were used for preparing PE/TPS/ZSM5 composites at a weight ratio of PE to TPS of 70:30 and ZSM5 concentrations of 1-5 wt%: (i) melt compounding of PE with ZSM5 prior to melt blending with TPS (SI); and (ii) TPS was compounded with ZSM5 prior to blending with PE (SII). 26572416 1 31 theme sequence 213:220 arg1 effect 168:173 the effect 164:173 the effect of zeolite ZSM-5 (ZSM5) incorporation sequence on the phase morphology, microstructure, and performance of polyethylene/thermoplastic starch (PE/TPS) films 164:329 The aim of this work was to explore the effect of zeolite ZSM-5 (ZSM5) incorporation sequence on the phase morphology, microstructure, and performance of polyethylene/thermoplastic starch (PE/TPS) films. 26572416 0 32 theme blend 78:82 arg1 mixing 23:28 distributive mixing 10:28 distributive mixing of immiscible polyethylene/thermoplastic starch blend 10:82 Enhancing distributive mixing of immiscible polyethylene/thermoplastic starch blend through zeolite ZSM-5 compounding sequence. 26572416 1 33 theme PE/TPS 317:322 arg1 films 325:329 polyethylene/thermoplastic starch (PE/TPS) films 282:329 polyethylene/thermoplastic starch (PE/TPS) films 282:329 The aim of this work was to explore the effect of zeolite ZSM-5 (ZSM5) incorporation sequence on the phase morphology, microstructure, and performance of polyethylene/thermoplastic starch (PE/TPS) films. 26572416 4 34 theme higher 776:781 arg1 affinity 783:790 the higher affinity 772:790 the higher affinity between PE 772:801 These were caused by both the higher affinity between PE and ZSM5, compared to that of TPS and ZSM5, and the reduction of TPS viscosity after compounding with ZSM5, leading to migration of ZSM5 from TPS dispersed phase toward PE matrix and increase in breakup of TPS droplets during SII sequence. 26572416 2 35 theme % 477:477 arg1 compounding 489:499 1-5 wt%: (i) melt compounding 471:499 1-5 wt%: (i) melt compounding of PE 471:505 Two processing sequences were used for preparing PE/TPS/ZSM5 composites at a weight ratio of PE to TPS of 70:30 and ZSM5 concentrations of 1-5 wt%: (i) melt compounding of PE with ZSM5 prior to melt blending with TPS (SI); and (ii) TPS was compounded with ZSM5 prior to blending with PE (SII). 26572416 4 36 theme TPS 1009:1011 arg1 droplets 1013:1020 TPS droplets 1009:1020 TPS droplets during SII sequence 1009:1040 These were caused by both the higher affinity between PE and ZSM5, compared to that of TPS and ZSM5, and the reduction of TPS viscosity after compounding with ZSM5, leading to migration of ZSM5 from TPS dispersed phase toward PE matrix and increase in breakup of TPS droplets during SII sequence. 26572416 0 37 theme starch 71:76 arg1 blend 78:82 immiscible polyethylene/thermoplastic starch blend 33:82 immiscible polyethylene/thermoplastic starch blend 33:82 Enhancing distributive mixing of immiscible polyethylene/thermoplastic starch blend through zeolite ZSM-5 compounding sequence. 26572416 3 38 theme mechanical 650:659 arg1 properties 661:670 Distributive mixing and mechanical properties 626:670 Distributive mixing and mechanical properties of PE/TPS blend 626:686 Distributive mixing and mechanical properties of PE/TPS blend were greatly enhanced when ZSM5 was incorporated via SII. 26572416 2 39 with 70:30 438:442 arg1 ZSM5 512:515 ZSM5 512:515 ZSM5 prior to melt blending with TPS (SI) 512:552 Two processing sequences were used for preparing PE/TPS/ZSM5 composites at a weight ratio of PE to TPS of 70:30 and ZSM5 concentrations of 1-5 wt%: (i) melt compounding of PE with ZSM5 prior to melt blending with TPS (SI); and (ii) TPS was compounded with ZSM5 prior to blending with PE (SII). 26572416 2 40 theme processing 336:345 arg1 sequences 347:355 Two processing sequences 332:355 Two processing sequences 332:355 Two processing sequences were used for preparing PE/TPS/ZSM5 composites at a weight ratio of PE to TPS of 70:30 and ZSM5 concentrations of 1-5 wt%: (i) melt compounding of PE with ZSM5 prior to melt blending with TPS (SI); and (ii) TPS was compounded with ZSM5 prior to blending with PE (SII). 26572416 1 41 theme films 325:329 arg1 microstructure 247:260 microstructure 247:260 microstructure 247:260 The aim of this work was to explore the effect of zeolite ZSM-5 (ZSM5) incorporation sequence on the phase morphology, microstructure, and performance of polyethylene/thermoplastic starch (PE/TPS) films. 26572416 1 41 theme films 325:329 arg1 performance 267:277 performance 267:277 performance 267:277 The aim of this work was to explore the effect of zeolite ZSM-5 (ZSM5) incorporation sequence on the phase morphology, microstructure, and performance of polyethylene/thermoplastic starch (PE/TPS) films. 26572416 1 41 theme films 325:329 arg1 morphology 235:244 phase morphology 229:244 phase morphology 229:244 The aim of this work was to explore the effect of zeolite ZSM-5 (ZSM5) incorporation sequence on the phase morphology, microstructure, and performance of polyethylene/thermoplastic starch (PE/TPS) films. 26572416 2 42 theme prior 517:521 arg1 ZSM5 512:515 ZSM5 512:515 ZSM5 prior to melt blending with TPS (SI) 512:552 Two processing sequences were used for preparing PE/TPS/ZSM5 composites at a weight ratio of PE to TPS of 70:30 and ZSM5 concentrations of 1-5 wt%: (i) melt compounding of PE with ZSM5 prior to melt blending with TPS (SI); and (ii) TPS was compounded with ZSM5 prior to blending with PE (SII). 26572416 1 43 from effect 168:173 arg1 microstructure 247:260 microstructure 247:260 microstructure 247:260 The aim of this work was to explore the effect of zeolite ZSM-5 (ZSM5) incorporation sequence on the phase morphology, microstructure, and performance of polyethylene/thermoplastic starch (PE/TPS) films. 26572416 1 43 from effect 168:173 arg1 performance 267:277 performance 267:277 performance 267:277 The aim of this work was to explore the effect of zeolite ZSM-5 (ZSM5) incorporation sequence on the phase morphology, microstructure, and performance of polyethylene/thermoplastic starch (PE/TPS) films. 26572416 1 43 from effect 168:173 arg1 morphology 235:244 phase morphology 229:244 phase morphology 229:244 The aim of this work was to explore the effect of zeolite ZSM-5 (ZSM5) incorporation sequence on the phase morphology, microstructure, and performance of polyethylene/thermoplastic starch (PE/TPS) films. 26572416 1 44 theme work 144:147 arg1 aim 132:134 The aim 128:134 The aim of this work 128:147 The aim of this work was to explore the effect of zeolite ZSM-5 (ZSM5) incorporation sequence on the phase morphology, microstructure, and performance of polyethylene/thermoplastic starch (PE/TPS) films. 26572416 4 45 theme SII 1029:1031 arg1 sequence 1033:1040 SII sequence 1029:1040 SII sequence 1029:1040 These were caused by both the higher affinity between PE and ZSM5, compared to that of TPS and ZSM5, and the reduction of TPS viscosity after compounding with ZSM5, leading to migration of ZSM5 from TPS dispersed phase toward PE matrix and increase in breakup of TPS droplets during SII sequence. 26572416 2 46 theme prior 593:597 arg1 ZSM5 588:591 ZSM5 588:591 ZSM5 prior to blending with PE (SII) 588:623 Two processing sequences were used for preparing PE/TPS/ZSM5 composites at a weight ratio of PE to TPS of 70:30 and ZSM5 concentrations of 1-5 wt%: (i) melt compounding of PE with ZSM5 prior to melt blending with TPS (SI); and (ii) TPS was compounded with ZSM5 prior to blending with PE (SII). 26572416 4 47 theme droplets 1013:1020 arg1 breakup 998:1004 breakup 998:1004 breakup of TPS droplets during SII sequence 998:1040 These were caused by both the higher affinity between PE and ZSM5, compared to that of TPS and ZSM5, and the reduction of TPS viscosity after compounding with ZSM5, leading to migration of ZSM5 from TPS dispersed phase toward PE matrix and increase in breakup of TPS droplets during SII sequence. 26572416 4 48 theme ZSM5 935:938 arg1 migration 922:930 migration 922:930 migration of ZSM5 from TPS dispersed phase toward PE matrix and increase in breakup of TPS droplets during SII sequence 922:1040 These were caused by both the higher affinity between PE and ZSM5, compared to that of TPS and ZSM5, and the reduction of TPS viscosity after compounding with ZSM5, leading to migration of ZSM5 from TPS dispersed phase toward PE matrix and increase in breakup of TPS droplets during SII sequence. 26572416 4 49 from migration 922:930 arg1 phase 959:963 TPS dispersed phase 945:963 TPS dispersed phase 945:963 These were caused by both the higher affinity between PE and ZSM5, compared to that of TPS and ZSM5, and the reduction of TPS viscosity after compounding with ZSM5, leading to migration of ZSM5 from TPS dispersed phase toward PE matrix and increase in breakup of TPS droplets during SII sequence. 26572416 0 50 theme zeolite 92:98 arg1 sequence 118:125 zeolite ZSM-5 compounding sequence 92:125 zeolite ZSM-5 compounding sequence 92:125 Enhancing distributive mixing of immiscible polyethylene/thermoplastic starch blend through zeolite ZSM-5 compounding sequence. 26572416 2 51 theme weight 409:414 arg1 ratio 416:420 a weight ratio 407:420 a weight ratio of PE to TPS of 70:30 and ZSM5 concentrations of 1-5 wt%: (i) melt compounding of PE with ZSM5 prior to melt blending with TPS (SI) 407:552 Two processing sequences were used for preparing PE/TPS/ZSM5 composites at a weight ratio of PE to TPS of 70:30 and ZSM5 concentrations of 1-5 wt%: (i) melt compounding of PE with ZSM5 prior to melt blending with TPS (SI); and (ii) TPS was compounded with ZSM5 prior to blending with PE (SII). 26572416 2 52 theme PE 425:426 arg1 ratio 416:420 a weight ratio 407:420 a weight ratio of PE to TPS of 70:30 and ZSM5 concentrations of 1-5 wt%: (i) melt compounding of PE with ZSM5 prior to melt blending with TPS (SI) 407:552 Two processing sequences were used for preparing PE/TPS/ZSM5 composites at a weight ratio of PE to TPS of 70:30 and ZSM5 concentrations of 1-5 wt%: (i) melt compounding of PE with ZSM5 prior to melt blending with TPS (SI); and (ii) TPS was compounded with ZSM5 prior to blending with PE (SII). 26572416 4 53 from matrix 975:980 arg1 breakup 998:1004 breakup 998:1004 breakup of TPS droplets during SII sequence 998:1040 These were caused by both the higher affinity between PE and ZSM5, compared to that of TPS and ZSM5, and the reduction of TPS viscosity after compounding with ZSM5, leading to migration of ZSM5 from TPS dispersed phase toward PE matrix and increase in breakup of TPS droplets during SII sequence. 26572416 1 54 theme phase 229:233 arg1 morphology 235:244 phase morphology 229:244 phase morphology 229:244 The aim of this work was to explore the effect of zeolite ZSM-5 (ZSM5) incorporation sequence on the phase morphology, microstructure, and performance of polyethylene/thermoplastic starch (PE/TPS) films. 26572416 2 55 theme ZSM5 448:451 arg1 concentrations 453:466 ZSM5 concentrations 448:466 ZSM5 concentrations 448:466 Two processing sequences were used for preparing PE/TPS/ZSM5 composites at a weight ratio of PE to TPS of 70:30 and ZSM5 concentrations of 1-5 wt%: (i) melt compounding of PE with ZSM5 prior to melt blending with TPS (SI); and (ii) TPS was compounded with ZSM5 prior to blending with PE (SII). 26572416 4 56 from increase 986:993 arg1 breakup 998:1004 breakup 998:1004 breakup of TPS droplets during SII sequence 998:1040 These were caused by both the higher affinity between PE and ZSM5, compared to that of TPS and ZSM5, and the reduction of TPS viscosity after compounding with ZSM5, leading to migration of ZSM5 from TPS dispersed phase toward PE matrix and increase in breakup of TPS droplets during SII sequence. 26572416 4 57 dep caused 757:762 arg1 compared 813:820 compared 813:820 compared 813:820 These were caused by both the higher affinity between PE and ZSM5, compared to that of TPS and ZSM5, and the reduction of TPS viscosity after compounding with ZSM5, leading to migration of ZSM5 from TPS dispersed phase toward PE matrix and increase in breakup of TPS droplets during SII sequence. 26572416 2 58 theme 70:30 438:442 arg1 TPS 431:433 TPS 431:433 TPS of 70:30 and ZSM5 concentrations of 1-5 wt%: (i) melt compounding of PE with ZSM5 prior to melt blending with TPS (SI) 431:552 Two processing sequences were used for preparing PE/TPS/ZSM5 composites at a weight ratio of PE to TPS of 70:30 and ZSM5 concentrations of 1-5 wt%: (i) melt compounding of PE with ZSM5 prior to melt blending with TPS (SI); and (ii) TPS was compounded with ZSM5 prior to blending with PE (SII). 26572416 3 59 theme PE/TPS 675:680 arg1 blend 682:686 PE/TPS blend 675:686 PE/TPS blend 675:686 Distributive mixing and mechanical properties of PE/TPS blend were greatly enhanced when ZSM5 was incorporated via SII. 27054881 0 0 theme aqueous 96:102 arg1 processing 104:113 aqueous processing 96:113 aqueous processing 96:113 Assessment of suitability of vine shoots for hemicellulosic oligosaccharides production through aqueous processing. 27054881 5 1 theme total 698:702 arg1 TOS 693:695 TOS 693:695 TOS (total oligosaccharides) 693:720 The amount of TOS (total oligosaccharides) in the hydrolysates was 28.4g/L while the other non volatile compounds (ONVC) were 0.08g/g NVC. 27054881 5 1 theme total 698:702 arg1 oligosaccharides 704:719 total oligosaccharides 698:719 total oligosaccharides 698:719 The amount of TOS (total oligosaccharides) in the hydrolysates was 28.4g/L while the other non volatile compounds (ONVC) were 0.08g/g NVC. 27054881 5 2 theme other 764:768 arg1 ONVC 794:797 ONVC 794:797 ONVC 794:797 The amount of TOS (total oligosaccharides) in the hydrolysates was 28.4g/L while the other non volatile compounds (ONVC) were 0.08g/g NVC. 27054881 5 2 theme other 764:768 arg1 compounds 783:791 the other non volatile compounds 760:791 the other non volatile compounds (ONVC) 760:798 The amount of TOS (total oligosaccharides) in the hydrolysates was 28.4g/L while the other non volatile compounds (ONVC) were 0.08g/g NVC. 27054881 5 2 theme other 764:768 arg1 NVC 813:815 0.08g/g NVC 805:815 0.08g/g NVC 805:815 The amount of TOS (total oligosaccharides) in the hydrolysates was 28.4g/L while the other non volatile compounds (ONVC) were 0.08g/g NVC. 27054881 2 3 theme thermal 354:360 arg1 stability 362:370 thermal stability 354:370 thermal stability 354:370 A range of severities (S0) from 3.20 to 4.65 was assayed and their effects in terms of solubilization, composition, molar mass distribution, structural characterization and thermal stability of the liquors were studied using HPLC, HPSEC, TGA and FTIR. 27054881 6 4 theme lignin 904:909 arg1 lignin 904:909 lignin 904:909 lignin 904:909 The spent solid from the treatment at S0=4.01 was composed about 90% of cellulose and lignin. 27054881 6 4 theme lignin 904:909 arg1 cellulose 890:898 cellulose 890:898 cellulose 890:898 The spent solid from the treatment at S0=4.01 was composed about 90% of cellulose and lignin. 27054881 6 4 theme lignin 904:909 arg1 % 885:885 90% 883:885 90% of cellulose and lignin 883:909 The spent solid from the treatment at S0=4.01 was composed about 90% of cellulose and lignin. 27054881 7 5 theme first 1015:1019 arg1 stage 1021:1025 a first stage 1013:1025 a first stage of a biomass refinery 1013:1047 Therefore, it can be concluded that autohydrolysis is a suitable pretreatment of vine shoots such as a first stage of a biomass refinery. 27054881 4 6 theme substrate 539:547 arg1 solubilization 549:562 the substrate solubilization 535:562 the substrate solubilization achieved a 38.7% of the raw material and 83.1% of the initial xylan 535:630 When autohydrolysis was carried out at S0=4.01, the substrate solubilization achieved a 38.7% of the raw material and 83.1% of the initial xylan was converted into xylooligosaccharides (XOS). 27054881 6 7 theme cellulose 890:898 arg1 lignin 904:909 lignin 904:909 lignin 904:909 The spent solid from the treatment at S0=4.01 was composed about 90% of cellulose and lignin. 27054881 6 7 theme cellulose 890:898 arg1 cellulose 890:898 cellulose 890:898 cellulose 890:898 The spent solid from the treatment at S0=4.01 was composed about 90% of cellulose and lignin. 27054881 6 7 theme cellulose 890:898 arg1 % 885:885 90% 883:885 90% of cellulose and lignin 883:909 The spent solid from the treatment at S0=4.01 was composed about 90% of cellulose and lignin. 27054881 2 8 theme solubilization 268:281 arg1 terms 259:263 terms 259:263 terms of solubilization, composition, molar mass distribution, structural characterization and thermal stability of the liquors 259:385 A range of severities (S0) from 3.20 to 4.65 was assayed and their effects in terms of solubilization, composition, molar mass distribution, structural characterization and thermal stability of the liquors were studied using HPLC, HPSEC, TGA and FTIR. 27054881 2 9 from 4.65 221:224 arg1 severities 192:201 severities 192:201 severities (S0) from 3.20 to 4.65 192:224 A range of severities (S0) from 3.20 to 4.65 was assayed and their effects in terms of solubilization, composition, molar mass distribution, structural characterization and thermal stability of the liquors were studied using HPLC, HPSEC, TGA and FTIR. 27054881 2 9 from 4.65 221:224 arg1 range 183:187 A range 181:187 A range of severities (S0) from 3.20 to 4.65 181:224 A range of severities (S0) from 3.20 to 4.65 was assayed and their effects in terms of solubilization, composition, molar mass distribution, structural characterization and thermal stability of the liquors were studied using HPLC, HPSEC, TGA and FTIR. 27054881 2 9 from 4.65 221:224 arg1 S0 204:205 S0 204:205 S0 204:205 A range of severities (S0) from 3.20 to 4.65 was assayed and their effects in terms of solubilization, composition, molar mass distribution, structural characterization and thermal stability of the liquors were studied using HPLC, HPSEC, TGA and FTIR. 27054881 2 10 theme distribution 308:319 arg1 terms 259:263 terms 259:263 terms of solubilization, composition, molar mass distribution, structural characterization and thermal stability of the liquors 259:385 A range of severities (S0) from 3.20 to 4.65 was assayed and their effects in terms of solubilization, composition, molar mass distribution, structural characterization and thermal stability of the liquors were studied using HPLC, HPSEC, TGA and FTIR. 27054881 7 11 theme vine 993:996 arg1 stage 1021:1025 a first stage 1013:1025 a first stage of a biomass refinery 1013:1047 Therefore, it can be concluded that autohydrolysis is a suitable pretreatment of vine shoots such as a first stage of a biomass refinery. 27054881 7 11 theme vine 993:996 arg1 shoots 998:1003 vine shoots 993:1003 vine shoots such as a first stage of a biomass refinery 993:1047 Therefore, it can be concluded that autohydrolysis is a suitable pretreatment of vine shoots such as a first stage of a biomass refinery. 27054881 5 12 theme non 770:772 arg1 ONVC 794:797 ONVC 794:797 ONVC 794:797 The amount of TOS (total oligosaccharides) in the hydrolysates was 28.4g/L while the other non volatile compounds (ONVC) were 0.08g/g NVC. 27054881 5 12 theme non 770:772 arg1 compounds 783:791 the other non volatile compounds 760:791 the other non volatile compounds (ONVC) 760:798 The amount of TOS (total oligosaccharides) in the hydrolysates was 28.4g/L while the other non volatile compounds (ONVC) were 0.08g/g NVC. 27054881 5 12 theme non 770:772 arg1 NVC 813:815 0.08g/g NVC 805:815 0.08g/g NVC 805:815 The amount of TOS (total oligosaccharides) in the hydrolysates was 28.4g/L while the other non volatile compounds (ONVC) were 0.08g/g NVC. 27054881 4 13 theme initial 618:624 arg1 xylan 626:630 the initial xylan 614:630 the initial xylan 614:630 When autohydrolysis was carried out at S0=4.01, the substrate solubilization achieved a 38.7% of the raw material and 83.1% of the initial xylan was converted into xylooligosaccharides (XOS). 27054881 7 14 theme shoots 998:1003 arg1 pretreatment 977:988 a suitable pretreatment 966:988 a suitable pretreatment of vine shoots such as a first stage of a biomass refinery 966:1047 Therefore, it can be concluded that autohydrolysis is a suitable pretreatment of vine shoots such as a first stage of a biomass refinery. 27054881 7 14 theme shoots 998:1003 arg1 autohydrolysis 948:961 autohydrolysis 948:961 autohydrolysis 948:961 Therefore, it can be concluded that autohydrolysis is a suitable pretreatment of vine shoots such as a first stage of a biomass refinery. 27054881 2 15 theme mass 303:306 arg1 distribution 308:319 molar mass distribution 297:319 molar mass distribution 297:319 A range of severities (S0) from 3.20 to 4.65 was assayed and their effects in terms of solubilization, composition, molar mass distribution, structural characterization and thermal stability of the liquors were studied using HPLC, HPSEC, TGA and FTIR. 27054881 2 16 theme liquors 379:385 arg1 solubilization 268:281 solubilization 268:281 solubilization 268:281 A range of severities (S0) from 3.20 to 4.65 was assayed and their effects in terms of solubilization, composition, molar mass distribution, structural characterization and thermal stability of the liquors were studied using HPLC, HPSEC, TGA and FTIR. 27054881 2 16 theme liquors 379:385 arg1 distribution 308:319 molar mass distribution 297:319 molar mass distribution 297:319 A range of severities (S0) from 3.20 to 4.65 was assayed and their effects in terms of solubilization, composition, molar mass distribution, structural characterization and thermal stability of the liquors were studied using HPLC, HPSEC, TGA and FTIR. 27054881 2 16 theme liquors 379:385 arg1 characterization 333:348 structural characterization 322:348 structural characterization 322:348 A range of severities (S0) from 3.20 to 4.65 was assayed and their effects in terms of solubilization, composition, molar mass distribution, structural characterization and thermal stability of the liquors were studied using HPLC, HPSEC, TGA and FTIR. 27054881 2 16 theme liquors 379:385 arg1 stability 362:370 thermal stability 354:370 thermal stability 354:370 A range of severities (S0) from 3.20 to 4.65 was assayed and their effects in terms of solubilization, composition, molar mass distribution, structural characterization and thermal stability of the liquors were studied using HPLC, HPSEC, TGA and FTIR. 27054881 2 16 theme liquors 379:385 arg1 composition 284:294 composition 284:294 composition 284:294 A range of severities (S0) from 3.20 to 4.65 was assayed and their effects in terms of solubilization, composition, molar mass distribution, structural characterization and thermal stability of the liquors were studied using HPLC, HPSEC, TGA and FTIR. 27054881 2 17 theme molar 297:301 arg1 distribution 308:319 molar mass distribution 297:319 molar mass distribution 297:319 A range of severities (S0) from 3.20 to 4.65 was assayed and their effects in terms of solubilization, composition, molar mass distribution, structural characterization and thermal stability of the liquors were studied using HPLC, HPSEC, TGA and FTIR. 27054881 7 18 theme refinery 1040:1047 arg1 stage 1021:1025 a first stage 1013:1025 a first stage of a biomass refinery 1013:1047 Therefore, it can be concluded that autohydrolysis is a suitable pretreatment of vine shoots such as a first stage of a biomass refinery. 27054881 1 19 theme Vine 116:119 arg1 shoots 121:126 Vine shoots 116:126 Vine shoots 116:126 Vine shoots were subjected to non-isothermal aqueous processing. 27054881 2 20 dep 4.65 221:224 arg1 to 218:219 to 218:219 to 218:219 A range of severities (S0) from 3.20 to 4.65 was assayed and their effects in terms of solubilization, composition, molar mass distribution, structural characterization and thermal stability of the liquors were studied using HPLC, HPSEC, TGA and FTIR. 27054881 0 21 theme suitability 14:24 arg1 Assessment 0:9 Assessment 0:9 Assessment of suitability of vine shoots for hemicellulosic 0:58 Assessment of suitability of vine shoots for hemicellulosic oligosaccharides production through aqueous processing. 27054881 7 22 theme suitable 968:975 arg1 pretreatment 977:988 a suitable pretreatment 966:988 a suitable pretreatment of vine shoots such as a first stage of a biomass refinery 966:1047 Therefore, it can be concluded that autohydrolysis is a suitable pretreatment of vine shoots such as a first stage of a biomass refinery. 27054881 7 22 theme suitable 968:975 arg1 autohydrolysis 948:961 autohydrolysis 948:961 autohydrolysis 948:961 Therefore, it can be concluded that autohydrolysis is a suitable pretreatment of vine shoots such as a first stage of a biomass refinery. 27054881 5 23 from amount 683:688 arg1 hydrolysates 729:740 the hydrolysates 725:740 the hydrolysates 725:740 The amount of TOS (total oligosaccharides) in the hydrolysates was 28.4g/L while the other non volatile compounds (ONVC) were 0.08g/g NVC. 27054881 2 24 theme composition 284:294 arg1 terms 259:263 terms 259:263 terms of solubilization, composition, molar mass distribution, structural characterization and thermal stability of the liquors 259:385 A range of severities (S0) from 3.20 to 4.65 was assayed and their effects in terms of solubilization, composition, molar mass distribution, structural characterization and thermal stability of the liquors were studied using HPLC, HPSEC, TGA and FTIR. 27054881 4 25 theme raw 588:590 arg1 material 592:599 the raw material 584:599 the raw material 584:599 When autohydrolysis was carried out at S0=4.01, the substrate solubilization achieved a 38.7% of the raw material and 83.1% of the initial xylan was converted into xylooligosaccharides (XOS). 27054881 0 26 theme shoots 34:39 arg1 suitability 14:24 suitability 14:24 suitability of vine shoots for hemicellulosic 14:58 Assessment of suitability of vine shoots for hemicellulosic oligosaccharides production through aqueous processing. 27054881 2 27 theme severities 192:201 arg1 range 183:187 A range 181:187 A range of severities (S0) from 3.20 to 4.65 181:224 A range of severities (S0) from 3.20 to 4.65 was assayed and their effects in terms of solubilization, composition, molar mass distribution, structural characterization and thermal stability of the liquors were studied using HPLC, HPSEC, TGA and FTIR. 27054881 2 28 from effects 248:254 arg1 terms 259:263 terms 259:263 terms of solubilization, composition, molar mass distribution, structural characterization and thermal stability of the liquors 259:385 A range of severities (S0) from 3.20 to 4.65 was assayed and their effects in terms of solubilization, composition, molar mass distribution, structural characterization and thermal stability of the liquors were studied using HPLC, HPSEC, TGA and FTIR. 27054881 5 29 theme volatile 774:781 arg1 ONVC 794:797 ONVC 794:797 ONVC 794:797 The amount of TOS (total oligosaccharides) in the hydrolysates was 28.4g/L while the other non volatile compounds (ONVC) were 0.08g/g NVC. 27054881 5 29 theme volatile 774:781 arg1 compounds 783:791 the other non volatile compounds 760:791 the other non volatile compounds (ONVC) 760:798 The amount of TOS (total oligosaccharides) in the hydrolysates was 28.4g/L while the other non volatile compounds (ONVC) were 0.08g/g NVC. 27054881 5 29 theme volatile 774:781 arg1 NVC 813:815 0.08g/g NVC 805:815 0.08g/g NVC 805:815 The amount of TOS (total oligosaccharides) in the hydrolysates was 28.4g/L while the other non volatile compounds (ONVC) were 0.08g/g NVC. 27054881 0 30 theme vine 29:32 arg1 shoots 34:39 vine shoots 29:39 vine shoots 29:39 Assessment of suitability of vine shoots for hemicellulosic oligosaccharides production through aqueous processing. 27054881 7 31 theme biomass 1032:1038 arg1 refinery 1040:1047 a biomass refinery 1030:1047 a biomass refinery 1030:1047 Therefore, it can be concluded that autohydrolysis is a suitable pretreatment of vine shoots such as a first stage of a biomass refinery. 27054881 5 32 theme 0.08g/g 805:811 arg1 compounds 783:791 the other non volatile compounds 760:791 the other non volatile compounds (ONVC) 760:798 The amount of TOS (total oligosaccharides) in the hydrolysates was 28.4g/L while the other non volatile compounds (ONVC) were 0.08g/g NVC. 27054881 5 32 theme 0.08g/g 805:811 arg1 NVC 813:815 0.08g/g NVC 805:815 0.08g/g NVC 805:815 The amount of TOS (total oligosaccharides) in the hydrolysates was 28.4g/L while the other non volatile compounds (ONVC) were 0.08g/g NVC. 27054881 2 33 theme characterization 333:348 arg1 terms 259:263 terms 259:263 terms of solubilization, composition, molar mass distribution, structural characterization and thermal stability of the liquors 259:385 A range of severities (S0) from 3.20 to 4.65 was assayed and their effects in terms of solubilization, composition, molar mass distribution, structural characterization and thermal stability of the liquors were studied using HPLC, HPSEC, TGA and FTIR. 27054881 6 34 from treatment 843:851 arg1 solid 828:832 solid 828:832 solid 828:832 The spent solid from the treatment at S0=4.01 was composed about 90% of cellulose and lignin. 27054881 2 35 theme structural 322:331 arg1 characterization 333:348 structural characterization 322:348 structural characterization 322:348 A range of severities (S0) from 3.20 to 4.65 was assayed and their effects in terms of solubilization, composition, molar mass distribution, structural characterization and thermal stability of the liquors were studied using HPLC, HPSEC, TGA and FTIR. 27054881 4 36 theme xylan 626:630 arg1 % 579:579 a 38.7% 573:579 a 38.7% of the raw material 573:599 When autohydrolysis was carried out at S0=4.01, the substrate solubilization achieved a 38.7% of the raw material and 83.1% of the initial xylan was converted into xylooligosaccharides (XOS). 27054881 4 36 theme xylan 626:630 arg1 xylan 626:630 the initial xylan 614:630 the initial xylan 614:630 When autohydrolysis was carried out at S0=4.01, the substrate solubilization achieved a 38.7% of the raw material and 83.1% of the initial xylan was converted into xylooligosaccharides (XOS). 27054881 4 36 theme xylan 626:630 arg1 material 592:599 the raw material 584:599 the raw material 584:599 When autohydrolysis was carried out at S0=4.01, the substrate solubilization achieved a 38.7% of the raw material and 83.1% of the initial xylan was converted into xylooligosaccharides (XOS). 27054881 4 36 theme xylan 626:630 arg1 % 609:609 83.1% 605:609 83.1% of the initial xylan 605:630 When autohydrolysis was carried out at S0=4.01, the substrate solubilization achieved a 38.7% of the raw material and 83.1% of the initial xylan was converted into xylooligosaccharides (XOS). 27054881 6 37 from S0=4.01 856:862 arg1 treatment 843:851 the treatment 839:851 the treatment at S0=4.01 839:862 The spent solid from the treatment at S0=4.01 was composed about 90% of cellulose and lignin. 27054881 1 38 theme non-isothermal 146:159 arg1 processing 169:178 non-isothermal aqueous processing 146:178 non-isothermal aqueous processing 146:178 Vine shoots were subjected to non-isothermal aqueous processing. 27054881 5 39 theme TOS 693:695 arg1 amount 683:688 The amount 679:688 The amount of TOS (total oligosaccharides) in the hydrolysates 679:740 The amount of TOS (total oligosaccharides) in the hydrolysates was 28.4g/L while the other non volatile compounds (ONVC) were 0.08g/g NVC. 27054881 5 39 theme TOS 693:695 arg1 28.4g/L 746:752 28.4g/L 746:752 28.4g/L 746:752 The amount of TOS (total oligosaccharides) in the hydrolysates was 28.4g/L while the other non volatile compounds (ONVC) were 0.08g/g NVC. 27054881 5 39 theme TOS 693:695 arg1 TOS 693:695 TOS 693:695 TOS (total oligosaccharides) 693:720 The amount of TOS (total oligosaccharides) in the hydrolysates was 28.4g/L while the other non volatile compounds (ONVC) were 0.08g/g NVC. 27054881 5 39 theme TOS 693:695 arg1 oligosaccharides 704:719 total oligosaccharides 698:719 total oligosaccharides 698:719 The amount of TOS (total oligosaccharides) in the hydrolysates was 28.4g/L while the other non volatile compounds (ONVC) were 0.08g/g NVC. 27054881 3 40 theme spent 437:441 arg1 solids 443:448 The spent solids 433:448 The spent solids 433:448 The spent solids were characterized by HPLC and FTIR. 27054881 1 41 theme aqueous 161:167 arg1 processing 169:178 non-isothermal aqueous processing 146:178 non-isothermal aqueous processing 146:178 Vine shoots were subjected to non-isothermal aqueous processing. 27054881 2 42 from range 183:187 arg1 4.65 221:224 4.65 221:224 4.65 221:224 A range of severities (S0) from 3.20 to 4.65 was assayed and their effects in terms of solubilization, composition, molar mass distribution, structural characterization and thermal stability of the liquors were studied using HPLC, HPSEC, TGA and FTIR. 27054881 4 43 theme material 592:599 arg1 % 579:579 a 38.7% 573:579 a 38.7% of the raw material 573:599 When autohydrolysis was carried out at S0=4.01, the substrate solubilization achieved a 38.7% of the raw material and 83.1% of the initial xylan was converted into xylooligosaccharides (XOS). 27054881 4 43 theme material 592:599 arg1 xylan 626:630 the initial xylan 614:630 the initial xylan 614:630 When autohydrolysis was carried out at S0=4.01, the substrate solubilization achieved a 38.7% of the raw material and 83.1% of the initial xylan was converted into xylooligosaccharides (XOS). 27054881 4 43 theme material 592:599 arg1 material 592:599 the raw material 584:599 the raw material 584:599 When autohydrolysis was carried out at S0=4.01, the substrate solubilization achieved a 38.7% of the raw material and 83.1% of the initial xylan was converted into xylooligosaccharides (XOS). 27054881 4 43 theme material 592:599 arg1 % 609:609 83.1% 605:609 83.1% of the initial xylan 605:630 When autohydrolysis was carried out at S0=4.01, the substrate solubilization achieved a 38.7% of the raw material and 83.1% of the initial xylan was converted into xylooligosaccharides (XOS). 27054881 2 44 theme stability 362:370 arg1 terms 259:263 terms 259:263 terms of solubilization, composition, molar mass distribution, structural characterization and thermal stability of the liquors 259:385 A range of severities (S0) from 3.20 to 4.65 was assayed and their effects in terms of solubilization, composition, molar mass distribution, structural characterization and thermal stability of the liquors were studied using HPLC, HPSEC, TGA and FTIR. 28198423 0 0 theme lignocellulosic 84:98 arg1 biomasses 100:108 lignocellulosic biomasses 84:108 lignocellulosic biomasses 84:108 Discovery of genes coding for carbohydrate-active enzyme by metagenomic analysis of lignocellulosic biomasses. 28198423 2 1 theme Streptomyces 510:521 arg1 genus 523:527 the Streptomyces genus 506:527 the Streptomyces genus 506:527 The microbiomes of the three lignocellulosic biomasses were dominated by bacterial species (approximately 90%) with the highest representation by the Streptomyces genus both in the total microbial community composition and in the microbial diversity related to GH families of predicted ORFs. 28198423 6 2 theme accessory 1237:1245 arg1 enzymes 1247:1253 accessory enzymes 1237:1253 accessory enzymes (mannanases, polygalacturonases and feruloyl esterases) 1237:1309 Moreover, a high percentage of (hemi)cellulases with different activities and accessory enzymes (mannanases, polygalacturonases and feruloyl esterases) was detected, confirming that the three analyzed samples were a reservoir of diversified biocatalysts required for an effective lignocellulose saccharification. 28198423 3 3 theme characterized 740:752 arg1 genes 754:758 poorly characterized genes 733:758 poorly characterized genes 733:758 Moreover, the functional clustering of the predicted ORFs showed a prevalence of poorly characterized genes, suggesting these lignocellulosic biomasses are potential sources of as yet unknown genes. 28198423 3 4 theme genes 754:758 arg1 prevalence 719:728 a prevalence 717:728 a prevalence of poorly characterized genes 717:758 Moreover, the functional clustering of the predicted ORFs showed a prevalence of poorly characterized genes, suggesting these lignocellulosic biomasses are potential sources of as yet unknown genes. 28198423 6 5 theme feruloyl 1291:1298 arg1 esterases 1300:1308 feruloyl esterases 1291:1308 feruloyl esterases 1291:1308 Moreover, a high percentage of (hemi)cellulases with different activities and accessory enzymes (mannanases, polygalacturonases and feruloyl esterases) was detected, confirming that the three analyzed samples were a reservoir of diversified biocatalysts required for an effective lignocellulose saccharification. 28198423 6 6 dep enzymes 1247:1253 arg1 mannanases 1256:1265 mannanases 1256:1265 mannanases 1256:1265 Moreover, a high percentage of (hemi)cellulases with different activities and accessory enzymes (mannanases, polygalacturonases and feruloyl esterases) was detected, confirming that the three analyzed samples were a reservoir of diversified biocatalysts required for an effective lignocellulose saccharification. 28198423 6 6 dep enzymes 1247:1253 arg1 polygalacturonases 1268:1285 polygalacturonases 1268:1285 polygalacturonases 1268:1285 Moreover, a high percentage of (hemi)cellulases with different activities and accessory enzymes (mannanases, polygalacturonases and feruloyl esterases) was detected, confirming that the three analyzed samples were a reservoir of diversified biocatalysts required for an effective lignocellulose saccharification. 28198423 6 6 dep enzymes 1247:1253 arg1 esterases 1300:1308 feruloyl esterases 1291:1308 feruloyl esterases 1291:1308 Moreover, a high percentage of (hemi)cellulases with different activities and accessory enzymes (mannanases, polygalacturonases and feruloyl esterases) was detected, confirming that the three analyzed samples were a reservoir of diversified biocatalysts required for an effective lignocellulose saccharification. 28198423 2 7 theme microbial 547:555 arg1 composition 567:577 the total microbial community composition 537:577 the total microbial community composition 537:577 The microbiomes of the three lignocellulosic biomasses were dominated by bacterial species (approximately 90%) with the highest representation by the Streptomyces genus both in the total microbial community composition and in the microbial diversity related to GH families of predicted ORFs. 28198423 2 8 theme GH 621:622 arg1 families 624:631 GH families 621:631 GH families of predicted ORFs 621:649 The microbiomes of the three lignocellulosic biomasses were dominated by bacterial species (approximately 90%) with the highest representation by the Streptomyces genus both in the total microbial community composition and in the microbial diversity related to GH families of predicted ORFs. 28198423 6 9 with cellulases 1196:1205 arg1 activities 1222:1231 different activities 1212:1231 different activities 1212:1231 Moreover, a high percentage of (hemi)cellulases with different activities and accessory enzymes (mannanases, polygalacturonases and feruloyl esterases) was detected, confirming that the three analyzed samples were a reservoir of diversified biocatalysts required for an effective lignocellulose saccharification. 28198423 6 9 with cellulases 1196:1205 arg1 enzymes 1247:1253 accessory enzymes 1237:1253 accessory enzymes (mannanases, polygalacturonases and feruloyl esterases) 1237:1309 Moreover, a high percentage of (hemi)cellulases with different activities and accessory enzymes (mannanases, polygalacturonases and feruloyl esterases) was detected, confirming that the three analyzed samples were a reservoir of diversified biocatalysts required for an effective lignocellulose saccharification. 28198423 0 10 theme biomasses 100:108 arg1 analysis 72:79 metagenomic analysis 60:79 metagenomic analysis of lignocellulosic biomasses 60:108 Discovery of genes coding for carbohydrate-active enzyme by metagenomic analysis of lignocellulosic biomasses. 28198423 2 11 with species 443:449 arg1 representation 488:501 the highest representation 476:501 the highest representation by the Streptomyces genus both in the total microbial community composition and in the microbial diversity related to GH families of predicted ORFs 476:649 The microbiomes of the three lignocellulosic biomasses were dominated by bacterial species (approximately 90%) with the highest representation by the Streptomyces genus both in the total microbial community composition and in the microbial diversity related to GH families of predicted ORFs. 28198423 6 12 theme different 1212:1220 arg1 activities 1222:1231 different activities 1212:1231 different activities 1212:1231 Moreover, a high percentage of (hemi)cellulases with different activities and accessory enzymes (mannanases, polygalacturonases and feruloyl esterases) was detected, confirming that the three analyzed samples were a reservoir of diversified biocatalysts required for an effective lignocellulose saccharification. 28198423 6 13 theme cellulases 1196:1205 arg1 percentage 1176:1185 a high percentage 1169:1185 a high percentage of (hemi)cellulases with different activities and accessory enzymes (mannanases, polygalacturonases and feruloyl esterases) 1169:1309 Moreover, a high percentage of (hemi)cellulases with different activities and accessory enzymes (mannanases, polygalacturonases and feruloyl esterases) was detected, confirming that the three analyzed samples were a reservoir of diversified biocatalysts required for an effective lignocellulose saccharification. 28198423 3 14 theme genes 844:848 arg1 biomasses 794:802 these lignocellulosic biomasses 772:802 these lignocellulosic biomasses 772:802 Moreover, the functional clustering of the predicted ORFs showed a prevalence of poorly characterized genes, suggesting these lignocellulosic biomasses are potential sources of as yet unknown genes. 28198423 3 14 theme genes 844:848 arg1 sources 818:824 potential sources 808:824 potential sources of as yet unknown genes 808:848 Moreover, the functional clustering of the predicted ORFs showed a prevalence of poorly characterized genes, suggesting these lignocellulosic biomasses are potential sources of as yet unknown genes. 28198423 6 15 theme biocatalysts 1400:1411 arg1 samples 1360:1366 the three analyzed samples 1341:1366 the three analyzed samples 1341:1366 Moreover, a high percentage of (hemi)cellulases with different activities and accessory enzymes (mannanases, polygalacturonases and feruloyl esterases) was detected, confirming that the three analyzed samples were a reservoir of diversified biocatalysts required for an effective lignocellulose saccharification. 28198423 6 15 theme biocatalysts 1400:1411 arg1 reservoir 1375:1383 a reservoir 1373:1383 a reservoir of diversified biocatalysts required for an effective lignocellulose saccharification 1373:1469 Moreover, a high percentage of (hemi)cellulases with different activities and accessory enzymes (mannanases, polygalacturonases and feruloyl esterases) was detected, confirming that the three analyzed samples were a reservoir of diversified biocatalysts required for an effective lignocellulose saccharification. 28198423 2 16 from representation 488:501 arg1 diversity 600:608 the microbial diversity 586:608 the microbial diversity related to GH families of predicted ORFs 586:649 The microbiomes of the three lignocellulosic biomasses were dominated by bacterial species (approximately 90%) with the highest representation by the Streptomyces genus both in the total microbial community composition and in the microbial diversity related to GH families of predicted ORFs. 28198423 2 16 from representation 488:501 arg1 composition 567:577 the total microbial community composition 537:577 the total microbial community composition 537:577 The microbiomes of the three lignocellulosic biomasses were dominated by bacterial species (approximately 90%) with the highest representation by the Streptomyces genus both in the total microbial community composition and in the microbial diversity related to GH families of predicted ORFs. 28198423 2 17 theme ORFs 646:649 arg1 families 624:631 GH families 621:631 GH families of predicted ORFs 621:649 The microbiomes of the three lignocellulosic biomasses were dominated by bacterial species (approximately 90%) with the highest representation by the Streptomyces genus both in the total microbial community composition and in the microbial diversity related to GH families of predicted ORFs. 28198423 4 18 theme ORFs 884:887 arg1 ORFs 884:887 the total ORFs 874:887 the total ORFs detected in A. donax, E. camaldulensis and P. nigra 874:939 1.2%, 0.6% and 3.4% of the total ORFs detected in A. donax, E. camaldulensis and P. nigra, respectively, were putative Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZymes). 28198423 4 18 theme ORFs 884:887 arg1 % 854:854 1.2% 851:854 1.2% 851:854 1.2%, 0.6% and 3.4% of the total ORFs detected in A. donax, E. camaldulensis and P. nigra, respectively, were putative Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZymes). 28198423 4 18 theme ORFs 884:887 arg1 % 860:860 0.6% 857:860 0.6% 857:860 1.2%, 0.6% and 3.4% of the total ORFs detected in A. donax, E. camaldulensis and P. nigra, respectively, were putative Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZymes). 28198423 4 18 theme ORFs 884:887 arg1 % 869:869 3.4% 866:869 3.4% 866:869 1.2%, 0.6% and 3.4% of the total ORFs detected in A. donax, E. camaldulensis and P. nigra, respectively, were putative Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZymes). 28198423 1 19 theme novel 188:192 arg1 biocatalysts 194:205 novel biocatalysts 188:205 novel biocatalysts for lignocellulose hydrolysis from three dedicated energy crops, Arundo donax, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Populus nigra, 188:328 In this study, a high-throughput sequencing approach was applied to discover novel biocatalysts for lignocellulose hydrolysis from three dedicated energy crops, Arundo donax, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Populus nigra, after natural biodegradation. 28198423 6 20 theme diversified 1388:1398 arg1 biocatalysts 1400:1411 diversified biocatalysts 1388:1411 diversified biocatalysts required for an effective lignocellulose saccharification 1388:1469 Moreover, a high percentage of (hemi)cellulases with different activities and accessory enzymes (mannanases, polygalacturonases and feruloyl esterases) was detected, confirming that the three analyzed samples were a reservoir of diversified biocatalysts required for an effective lignocellulose saccharification. 28198423 3 21 theme lignocellulosic 778:792 arg1 biomasses 794:802 these lignocellulosic biomasses 772:802 these lignocellulosic biomasses 772:802 Moreover, the functional clustering of the predicted ORFs showed a prevalence of poorly characterized genes, suggesting these lignocellulosic biomasses are potential sources of as yet unknown genes. 28198423 3 21 theme lignocellulosic 778:792 arg1 sources 818:824 potential sources 808:824 potential sources of as yet unknown genes 808:848 Moreover, the functional clustering of the predicted ORFs showed a prevalence of poorly characterized genes, suggesting these lignocellulosic biomasses are potential sources of as yet unknown genes. 28198423 2 22 theme predicted 636:644 arg1 ORFs 646:649 predicted ORFs 636:649 predicted ORFs 636:649 The microbiomes of the three lignocellulosic biomasses were dominated by bacterial species (approximately 90%) with the highest representation by the Streptomyces genus both in the total microbial community composition and in the microbial diversity related to GH families of predicted ORFs. 28198423 2 23 theme biomasses 405:413 arg1 microbiomes 364:374 The microbiomes 360:374 The microbiomes of the three lignocellulosic biomasses 360:413 The microbiomes of the three lignocellulosic biomasses were dominated by bacterial species (approximately 90%) with the highest representation by the Streptomyces genus both in the total microbial community composition and in the microbial diversity related to GH families of predicted ORFs. 28198423 6 24 theme high 1171:1174 arg1 percentage 1176:1185 a high percentage 1169:1185 a high percentage of (hemi)cellulases with different activities and accessory enzymes (mannanases, polygalacturonases and feruloyl esterases) 1169:1309 Moreover, a high percentage of (hemi)cellulases with different activities and accessory enzymes (mannanases, polygalacturonases and feruloyl esterases) was detected, confirming that the three analyzed samples were a reservoir of diversified biocatalysts required for an effective lignocellulose saccharification. 28198423 4 25 located detected 889:896 arg1 nigra 935:939 P. nigra 932:939 P. nigra 932:939 1.2%, 0.6% and 3.4% of the total ORFs detected in A. donax, E. camaldulensis and P. nigra, respectively, were putative Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZymes). 28198423 4 25 located detected 889:896 arg2 ORFs 884:887 the total ORFs 874:887 the total ORFs detected in A. donax, E. camaldulensis and P. nigra 874:939 1.2%, 0.6% and 3.4% of the total ORFs detected in A. donax, E. camaldulensis and P. nigra, respectively, were putative Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZymes). 28198423 4 25 located detected 889:896 arg1 donax 904:908 donax 904:908 donax 904:908 1.2%, 0.6% and 3.4% of the total ORFs detected in A. donax, E. camaldulensis and P. nigra, respectively, were putative Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZymes). 28198423 4 25 located detected 889:896 arg1 camaldulensis 914:926 E. camaldulensis 911:926 E. camaldulensis 911:926 1.2%, 0.6% and 3.4% of the total ORFs detected in A. donax, E. camaldulensis and P. nigra, respectively, were putative Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZymes). 28198423 0 26 theme genes 13:17 arg1 Discovery 0:8 Discovery 0:8 Discovery of genes coding for carbohydrate-active enzyme by metagenomic analysis of lignocellulosic biomasses 0:108 Discovery of genes coding for carbohydrate-active enzyme by metagenomic analysis of lignocellulosic biomasses. 28198423 2 27 theme lignocellulosic 389:403 arg1 biomasses 405:413 the three lignocellulosic biomasses 379:413 the three lignocellulosic biomasses 379:413 The microbiomes of the three lignocellulosic biomasses were dominated by bacterial species (approximately 90%) with the highest representation by the Streptomyces genus both in the total microbial community composition and in the microbial diversity related to GH families of predicted ORFs. 28198423 3 28 theme functional 666:675 arg1 clustering 677:686 the functional clustering 662:686 the functional clustering of the predicted ORFs 662:708 Moreover, the functional clustering of the predicted ORFs showed a prevalence of poorly characterized genes, suggesting these lignocellulosic biomasses are potential sources of as yet unknown genes. 28198423 1 29 theme lignocellulose 211:224 arg1 hydrolysis 226:235 lignocellulose hydrolysis 211:235 lignocellulose hydrolysis 211:235 In this study, a high-throughput sequencing approach was applied to discover novel biocatalysts for lignocellulose hydrolysis from three dedicated energy crops, Arundo donax, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Populus nigra, after natural biodegradation. 28198423 0 30 theme carbohydrate-active 30:48 arg1 enzyme 50:55 carbohydrate-active enzyme 30:55 carbohydrate-active enzyme 30:55 Discovery of genes coding for carbohydrate-active enzyme by metagenomic analysis of lignocellulosic biomasses. 28198423 4 31 theme Carbohydrate-Active 970:988 arg1 CAZymes 999:1005 CAZymes 999:1005 CAZymes 999:1005 1.2%, 0.6% and 3.4% of the total ORFs detected in A. donax, E. camaldulensis and P. nigra, respectively, were putative Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZymes). 28198423 4 31 theme Carbohydrate-Active 970:988 arg1 Enzymes 990:996 putative Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes 961:996 putative Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZymes) 961:1006 1.2%, 0.6% and 3.4% of the total ORFs detected in A. donax, E. camaldulensis and P. nigra, respectively, were putative Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZymes). 28198423 2 32 theme community 557:565 arg1 composition 567:577 the total microbial community composition 537:577 the total microbial community composition 537:577 The microbiomes of the three lignocellulosic biomasses were dominated by bacterial species (approximately 90%) with the highest representation by the Streptomyces genus both in the total microbial community composition and in the microbial diversity related to GH families of predicted ORFs. 28198423 2 33 theme bacterial 433:441 arg1 species 443:449 bacterial species 433:449 bacterial species (approximately 90%) with the highest representation by the Streptomyces genus both in the total microbial community composition and in the microbial diversity related to GH families of predicted ORFs 433:649 The microbiomes of the three lignocellulosic biomasses were dominated by bacterial species (approximately 90%) with the highest representation by the Streptomyces genus both in the total microbial community composition and in the microbial diversity related to GH families of predicted ORFs. 28198423 2 33 theme bacterial 433:441 arg1 % 468:468 approximately 90% 452:468 approximately 90% 452:468 The microbiomes of the three lignocellulosic biomasses were dominated by bacterial species (approximately 90%) with the highest representation by the Streptomyces genus both in the total microbial community composition and in the microbial diversity related to GH families of predicted ORFs. 28198423 2 34 theme highest 480:486 arg1 representation 488:501 the highest representation 476:501 the highest representation by the Streptomyces genus both in the total microbial community composition and in the microbial diversity related to GH families of predicted ORFs 476:649 The microbiomes of the three lignocellulosic biomasses were dominated by bacterial species (approximately 90%) with the highest representation by the Streptomyces genus both in the total microbial community composition and in the microbial diversity related to GH families of predicted ORFs. 28198423 2 35 theme related 610:616 arg1 diversity 600:608 the microbial diversity 586:608 the microbial diversity related to GH families of predicted ORFs 586:649 The microbiomes of the three lignocellulosic biomasses were dominated by bacterial species (approximately 90%) with the highest representation by the Streptomyces genus both in the total microbial community composition and in the microbial diversity related to GH families of predicted ORFs. 28198423 5 36 from abundance 1049:1057 arg1 nigra 1065:1069 P. nigra 1062:1069 P. nigra (1.8%) 1062:1076 Interestingly, the glycoside hydrolases abundance in P. nigra (1.8%) was higher than that detected in the other biomasses investigated in this study. 28198423 5 36 from abundance 1049:1057 arg1 % 1075:1075 1.8% 1072:1075 1.8% 1072:1075 Interestingly, the glycoside hydrolases abundance in P. nigra (1.8%) was higher than that detected in the other biomasses investigated in this study. 28198423 6 37 theme analyzed 1351:1358 arg1 samples 1360:1366 the three analyzed samples 1341:1366 the three analyzed samples 1341:1366 Moreover, a high percentage of (hemi)cellulases with different activities and accessory enzymes (mannanases, polygalacturonases and feruloyl esterases) was detected, confirming that the three analyzed samples were a reservoir of diversified biocatalysts required for an effective lignocellulose saccharification. 28198423 6 37 theme analyzed 1351:1358 arg1 reservoir 1375:1383 a reservoir 1373:1383 a reservoir of diversified biocatalysts required for an effective lignocellulose saccharification 1373:1469 Moreover, a high percentage of (hemi)cellulases with different activities and accessory enzymes (mannanases, polygalacturonases and feruloyl esterases) was detected, confirming that the three analyzed samples were a reservoir of diversified biocatalysts required for an effective lignocellulose saccharification. 28198423 5 38 theme other 1115:1119 arg1 biomasses 1121:1129 the other biomasses 1111:1129 the other biomasses investigated in this study 1111:1156 Interestingly, the glycoside hydrolases abundance in P. nigra (1.8%) was higher than that detected in the other biomasses investigated in this study. 28198423 1 39 from crops 265:269 arg1 biocatalysts 194:205 novel biocatalysts 188:205 novel biocatalysts for lignocellulose hydrolysis from three dedicated energy crops, Arundo donax, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Populus nigra, 188:328 In this study, a high-throughput sequencing approach was applied to discover novel biocatalysts for lignocellulose hydrolysis from three dedicated energy crops, Arundo donax, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Populus nigra, after natural biodegradation. 28198423 3 40 theme predicted 695:703 arg1 ORFs 705:708 the predicted ORFs 691:708 the predicted ORFs 691:708 Moreover, the functional clustering of the predicted ORFs showed a prevalence of poorly characterized genes, suggesting these lignocellulosic biomasses are potential sources of as yet unknown genes. 28198423 5 41 theme glycoside 1028:1036 arg1 hydrolases 1038:1047 glycoside hydrolases 1028:1047 the glycoside hydrolases abundance in P. nigra (1.8%) 1024:1076 Interestingly, the glycoside hydrolases abundance in P. nigra (1.8%) was higher than that detected in the other biomasses investigated in this study. 28198423 4 42 theme total 878:882 arg1 ORFs 884:887 the total ORFs 874:887 the total ORFs detected in A. donax, E. camaldulensis and P. nigra 874:939 1.2%, 0.6% and 3.4% of the total ORFs detected in A. donax, E. camaldulensis and P. nigra, respectively, were putative Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZymes). 28198423 1 43 theme natural 336:342 arg1 biodegradation 344:357 natural biodegradation 336:357 natural biodegradation 336:357 In this study, a high-throughput sequencing approach was applied to discover novel biocatalysts for lignocellulose hydrolysis from three dedicated energy crops, Arundo donax, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Populus nigra, after natural biodegradation. 28198423 2 44 theme microbial 590:598 arg1 diversity 600:608 the microbial diversity 586:608 the microbial diversity related to GH families of predicted ORFs 586:649 The microbiomes of the three lignocellulosic biomasses were dominated by bacterial species (approximately 90%) with the highest representation by the Streptomyces genus both in the total microbial community composition and in the microbial diversity related to GH families of predicted ORFs. 28198423 3 45 theme ORFs 705:708 arg1 clustering 677:686 the functional clustering 662:686 the functional clustering of the predicted ORFs 662:708 Moreover, the functional clustering of the predicted ORFs showed a prevalence of poorly characterized genes, suggesting these lignocellulosic biomasses are potential sources of as yet unknown genes. 28198423 5 46 located detected 1099:1106 arg2 that 1094:1097 that 1094:1097 that 1094:1097 Interestingly, the glycoside hydrolases abundance in P. nigra (1.8%) was higher than that detected in the other biomasses investigated in this study. 28198423 5 46 located detected 1099:1106 arg1 biomasses 1121:1129 the other biomasses 1111:1129 the other biomasses investigated in this study 1111:1156 Interestingly, the glycoside hydrolases abundance in P. nigra (1.8%) was higher than that detected in the other biomasses investigated in this study. 28198423 3 47 theme unknown 836:842 arg1 genes 844:848 as yet unknown genes 829:848 as yet unknown genes 829:848 Moreover, the functional clustering of the predicted ORFs showed a prevalence of poorly characterized genes, suggesting these lignocellulosic biomasses are potential sources of as yet unknown genes. 28198423 3 48 theme potential 808:816 arg1 biomasses 794:802 these lignocellulosic biomasses 772:802 these lignocellulosic biomasses 772:802 Moreover, the functional clustering of the predicted ORFs showed a prevalence of poorly characterized genes, suggesting these lignocellulosic biomasses are potential sources of as yet unknown genes. 28198423 3 48 theme potential 808:816 arg1 sources 818:824 potential sources 808:824 potential sources of as yet unknown genes 808:848 Moreover, the functional clustering of the predicted ORFs showed a prevalence of poorly characterized genes, suggesting these lignocellulosic biomasses are potential sources of as yet unknown genes. 28198423 5 49 theme hydrolases 1038:1047 arg1 abundance 1049:1057 the glycoside hydrolases abundance 1024:1057 the glycoside hydrolases abundance in P. nigra (1.8%) 1024:1076 Interestingly, the glycoside hydrolases abundance in P. nigra (1.8%) was higher than that detected in the other biomasses investigated in this study. 28198423 5 49 theme hydrolases 1038:1047 arg1 higher 1082:1087 higher 1082:1087 higher 1082:1087 Interestingly, the glycoside hydrolases abundance in P. nigra (1.8%) was higher than that detected in the other biomasses investigated in this study. 28198423 1 50 theme high-throughput 128:142 arg1 approach 155:162 a high-throughput sequencing approach 126:162 a high-throughput sequencing approach 126:162 In this study, a high-throughput sequencing approach was applied to discover novel biocatalysts for lignocellulose hydrolysis from three dedicated energy crops, Arundo donax, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Populus nigra, after natural biodegradation. 28198423 1 51 theme dedicated 248:256 arg1 Arundo 272:277 Arundo 272:277 Arundo 272:277 In this study, a high-throughput sequencing approach was applied to discover novel biocatalysts for lignocellulose hydrolysis from three dedicated energy crops, Arundo donax, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Populus nigra, after natural biodegradation. 28198423 1 51 theme dedicated 248:256 arg1 crops 265:269 three dedicated energy crops 242:269 three dedicated energy crops 242:269 In this study, a high-throughput sequencing approach was applied to discover novel biocatalysts for lignocellulose hydrolysis from three dedicated energy crops, Arundo donax, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Populus nigra, after natural biodegradation. 28198423 1 52 theme sequencing 144:153 arg1 approach 155:162 a high-throughput sequencing approach 126:162 a high-throughput sequencing approach 126:162 In this study, a high-throughput sequencing approach was applied to discover novel biocatalysts for lignocellulose hydrolysis from three dedicated energy crops, Arundo donax, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Populus nigra, after natural biodegradation. 28198423 6 53 theme lignocellulose 1439:1452 arg1 saccharification 1454:1469 an effective lignocellulose saccharification 1426:1469 an effective lignocellulose saccharification 1426:1469 Moreover, a high percentage of (hemi)cellulases with different activities and accessory enzymes (mannanases, polygalacturonases and feruloyl esterases) was detected, confirming that the three analyzed samples were a reservoir of diversified biocatalysts required for an effective lignocellulose saccharification. 28198423 1 54 theme energy 258:263 arg1 Arundo 272:277 Arundo 272:277 Arundo 272:277 In this study, a high-throughput sequencing approach was applied to discover novel biocatalysts for lignocellulose hydrolysis from three dedicated energy crops, Arundo donax, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Populus nigra, after natural biodegradation. 28198423 1 54 theme energy 258:263 arg1 crops 265:269 three dedicated energy crops 242:269 three dedicated energy crops 242:269 In this study, a high-throughput sequencing approach was applied to discover novel biocatalysts for lignocellulose hydrolysis from three dedicated energy crops, Arundo donax, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Populus nigra, after natural biodegradation. 28198423 0 55 theme metagenomic 60:70 arg1 analysis 72:79 metagenomic analysis 60:79 metagenomic analysis of lignocellulosic biomasses 60:108 Discovery of genes coding for carbohydrate-active enzyme by metagenomic analysis of lignocellulosic biomasses. 28198423 4 56 theme putative 961:968 arg1 CAZymes 999:1005 CAZymes 999:1005 CAZymes 999:1005 1.2%, 0.6% and 3.4% of the total ORFs detected in A. donax, E. camaldulensis and P. nigra, respectively, were putative Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZymes). 28198423 4 56 theme putative 961:968 arg1 Enzymes 990:996 putative Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes 961:996 putative Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZymes) 961:1006 1.2%, 0.6% and 3.4% of the total ORFs detected in A. donax, E. camaldulensis and P. nigra, respectively, were putative Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZymes). 28198423 6 57 theme effective 1429:1437 arg1 saccharification 1454:1469 an effective lignocellulose saccharification 1426:1469 an effective lignocellulose saccharification 1426:1469 Moreover, a high percentage of (hemi)cellulases with different activities and accessory enzymes (mannanases, polygalacturonases and feruloyl esterases) was detected, confirming that the three analyzed samples were a reservoir of diversified biocatalysts required for an effective lignocellulose saccharification. 28198423 2 58 theme total 541:545 arg1 composition 567:577 the total microbial community composition 537:577 the total microbial community composition 537:577 The microbiomes of the three lignocellulosic biomasses were dominated by bacterial species (approximately 90%) with the highest representation by the Streptomyces genus both in the total microbial community composition and in the microbial diversity related to GH families of predicted ORFs. 27341464 7 0 theme alkali 1107:1112 arg1 straw 1127:1131 alkali treated rice straw 1107:1131 alkali treated rice straw 1107:1131 Further, the culture extract was evaluated for hydrolysis of alkali treated rice straw, wheat straw, bagasse and corn cob at 10% substrate loading rate. 27341464 2 1 theme Penicillium 123:133 arg1 sp 135:136 Penicillium sp 123:136 Penicillium sp. 123:137 Penicillium sp. 27341464 4 2 theme shake 294:298 arg1 flask 300:304 shake flask 294:304 shake flask 294:304 The culture under shake flask on CWR (cellulose, wheat bran and rice straw) medium produced appreciably higher levels of endoglucanase (35.69U/ml), β-glucosidase (4.20U/ml), cellobiohydrolase (2.86U/ml), FPase (1.2U/ml) and xylanase (115U/ml) compared to other Penicillium strains reported in literature. 27341464 4 3 theme xylanase 500:507 arg1 levels 387:392 appreciably higher levels 368:392 appreciably higher levels of endoglucanase (35.69U/ml), β-glucosidase (4.20U/ml), cellobiohydrolase (2.86U/ml), FPase (1.2U/ml) and xylanase (115U/ml) 368:517 The culture under shake flask on CWR (cellulose, wheat bran and rice straw) medium produced appreciably higher levels of endoglucanase (35.69U/ml), β-glucosidase (4.20U/ml), cellobiohydrolase (2.86U/ml), FPase (1.2U/ml) and xylanase (115U/ml) compared to other Penicillium strains reported in literature. 27341464 7 4 theme treated 1114:1120 arg1 straw 1127:1131 alkali treated rice straw 1107:1131 alkali treated rice straw 1107:1131 Further, the culture extract was evaluated for hydrolysis of alkali treated rice straw, wheat straw, bagasse and corn cob at 10% substrate loading rate. 27341464 4 5 theme cellobiohydrolase 450:466 arg1 levels 387:392 appreciably higher levels 368:392 appreciably higher levels of endoglucanase (35.69U/ml), β-glucosidase (4.20U/ml), cellobiohydrolase (2.86U/ml), FPase (1.2U/ml) and xylanase (115U/ml) 368:517 The culture under shake flask on CWR (cellulose, wheat bran and rice straw) medium produced appreciably higher levels of endoglucanase (35.69U/ml), β-glucosidase (4.20U/ml), cellobiohydrolase (2.86U/ml), FPase (1.2U/ml) and xylanase (115U/ml) compared to other Penicillium strains reported in literature. 27341464 6 6 theme genetic 977:983 arg1 potential 985:993 genetic potential 977:993 genetic potential of this strain for hydrolysis of lignocellulosics 977:1043 Dal 5 secretome identified 108 proteins constituting an array of CAZymes including glycosyl hydrolases (GH) belonging to 24 different families, polysaccharide lyases (PL), carbohydrate esterases (CE), lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMO) in addition to swollenin and a variety of carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) indicating an elaborate genetic potential of this strain for hydrolysis of lignocellulosics. 27341464 6 7 dep swollenin 891:899 arg1 addition 879:886 addition 879:886 addition 879:886 Dal 5 secretome identified 108 proteins constituting an array of CAZymes including glycosyl hydrolases (GH) belonging to 24 different families, polysaccharide lyases (PL), carbohydrate esterases (CE), lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMO) in addition to swollenin and a variety of carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) indicating an elaborate genetic potential of this strain for hydrolysis of lignocellulosics. 27341464 4 8 theme rice 340:343 arg1 straw 345:349 rice straw 340:349 rice straw 340:349 The culture under shake flask on CWR (cellulose, wheat bran and rice straw) medium produced appreciably higher levels of endoglucanase (35.69U/ml), β-glucosidase (4.20U/ml), cellobiohydrolase (2.86U/ml), FPase (1.2U/ml) and xylanase (115U/ml) compared to other Penicillium strains reported in literature. 27341464 6 9 theme carbohydrate 803:814 arg1 CE 827:828 CE 827:828 CE 827:828 Dal 5 secretome identified 108 proteins constituting an array of CAZymes including glycosyl hydrolases (GH) belonging to 24 different families, polysaccharide lyases (PL), carbohydrate esterases (CE), lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMO) in addition to swollenin and a variety of carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) indicating an elaborate genetic potential of this strain for hydrolysis of lignocellulosics. 27341464 6 9 theme carbohydrate 803:814 arg1 esterases 816:824 carbohydrate esterases 803:824 carbohydrate esterases (CE) 803:829 Dal 5 secretome identified 108 proteins constituting an array of CAZymes including glycosyl hydrolases (GH) belonging to 24 different families, polysaccharide lyases (PL), carbohydrate esterases (CE), lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMO) in addition to swollenin and a variety of carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) indicating an elaborate genetic potential of this strain for hydrolysis of lignocellulosics. 27341464 5 10 theme mass 585:588 arg1 analysis 603:610 The mass spectroscopy analysis 581:610 The mass spectroscopy analysis of Penicillium sp 581:628 The mass spectroscopy analysis of Penicillium sp. 27341464 7 11 theme wheat 1134:1138 arg1 straw 1140:1144 wheat straw 1134:1144 wheat straw 1134:1144 Further, the culture extract was evaluated for hydrolysis of alkali treated rice straw, wheat straw, bagasse and corn cob at 10% substrate loading rate. 27341464 7 12 theme corn 1159:1162 arg1 cob 1164:1166 corn cob 1159:1166 corn cob 1159:1166 Further, the culture extract was evaluated for hydrolysis of alkali treated rice straw, wheat straw, bagasse and corn cob at 10% substrate loading rate. 27341464 7 13 theme substrate 1175:1183 arg1 rate 1193:1196 10% substrate loading rate 1171:1196 10% substrate loading rate 1171:1196 Further, the culture extract was evaluated for hydrolysis of alkali treated rice straw, wheat straw, bagasse and corn cob at 10% substrate loading rate. 27341464 6 14 theme Dal 631:633 arg1 secretome 637:645 Dal 5 secretome 631:645 Dal 5 secretome 631:645 Dal 5 secretome identified 108 proteins constituting an array of CAZymes including glycosyl hydrolases (GH) belonging to 24 different families, polysaccharide lyases (PL), carbohydrate esterases (CE), lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMO) in addition to swollenin and a variety of carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) indicating an elaborate genetic potential of this strain for hydrolysis of lignocellulosics. 27341464 4 15 theme wheat 325:329 arg1 bran 331:334 wheat bran 325:334 wheat bran 325:334 The culture under shake flask on CWR (cellulose, wheat bran and rice straw) medium produced appreciably higher levels of endoglucanase (35.69U/ml), β-glucosidase (4.20U/ml), cellobiohydrolase (2.86U/ml), FPase (1.2U/ml) and xylanase (115U/ml) compared to other Penicillium strains reported in literature. 27341464 4 16 theme β-glucosidase 424:436 arg1 levels 387:392 appreciably higher levels 368:392 appreciably higher levels of endoglucanase (35.69U/ml), β-glucosidase (4.20U/ml), cellobiohydrolase (2.86U/ml), FPase (1.2U/ml) and xylanase (115U/ml) 368:517 The culture under shake flask on CWR (cellulose, wheat bran and rice straw) medium produced appreciably higher levels of endoglucanase (35.69U/ml), β-glucosidase (4.20U/ml), cellobiohydrolase (2.86U/ml), FPase (1.2U/ml) and xylanase (115U/ml) compared to other Penicillium strains reported in literature. 27341464 6 17 theme glycosyl 714:721 arg1 GH 735:736 GH 735:736 GH 735:736 Dal 5 secretome identified 108 proteins constituting an array of CAZymes including glycosyl hydrolases (GH) belonging to 24 different families, polysaccharide lyases (PL), carbohydrate esterases (CE), lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMO) in addition to swollenin and a variety of carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) indicating an elaborate genetic potential of this strain for hydrolysis of lignocellulosics. 27341464 6 17 theme glycosyl 714:721 arg1 hydrolases 723:732 glycosyl hydrolases 714:732 glycosyl hydrolases (GH) belonging to 24 different families 714:772 Dal 5 secretome identified 108 proteins constituting an array of CAZymes including glycosyl hydrolases (GH) belonging to 24 different families, polysaccharide lyases (PL), carbohydrate esterases (CE), lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMO) in addition to swollenin and a variety of carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) indicating an elaborate genetic potential of this strain for hydrolysis of lignocellulosics. 27341464 7 18 theme loading 1185:1191 arg1 rate 1193:1196 10% substrate loading rate 1171:1196 10% substrate loading rate 1171:1196 Further, the culture extract was evaluated for hydrolysis of alkali treated rice straw, wheat straw, bagasse and corn cob at 10% substrate loading rate. 27341464 4 19 theme FPase 480:484 arg1 levels 387:392 appreciably higher levels 368:392 appreciably higher levels of endoglucanase (35.69U/ml), β-glucosidase (4.20U/ml), cellobiohydrolase (2.86U/ml), FPase (1.2U/ml) and xylanase (115U/ml) 368:517 The culture under shake flask on CWR (cellulose, wheat bran and rice straw) medium produced appreciably higher levels of endoglucanase (35.69U/ml), β-glucosidase (4.20U/ml), cellobiohydrolase (2.86U/ml), FPase (1.2U/ml) and xylanase (115U/ml) compared to other Penicillium strains reported in literature. 27341464 5 20 theme sp 627:628 arg1 analysis 603:610 The mass spectroscopy analysis 581:610 The mass spectroscopy analysis of Penicillium sp 581:628 The mass spectroscopy analysis of Penicillium sp. 27341464 3 21 theme conifers 176:183 arg1 rhizosphere 161:171 rhizosphere 161:171 rhizosphere of conifers 161:183 (Dal 5) isolated from rhizosphere of conifers from Dalhousie (Himachal Pradesh, India) was found to be an efficient cellulolytic strain. 27341464 7 22 theme % 1173:1173 arg1 rate 1193:1196 10% substrate loading rate 1171:1196 10% substrate loading rate 1171:1196 Further, the culture extract was evaluated for hydrolysis of alkali treated rice straw, wheat straw, bagasse and corn cob at 10% substrate loading rate. 27341464 0 23 theme secretome 14:22 arg1 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation of secretome of highly efficient lignocellulolytic Penicillium sp. 0:76 Evaluation of secretome of highly efficient lignocellulolytic Penicillium sp. 27341464 3 24 theme efficient 245:253 arg1 strain 268:273 an efficient cellulolytic strain 242:273 an efficient cellulolytic strain 242:273 (Dal 5) isolated from rhizosphere of conifers from Dalhousie (Himachal Pradesh, India) was found to be an efficient cellulolytic strain. 27341464 3 24 theme efficient 245:253 arg1 Dal 140:142 Dal 140:142 Dal 140:142 (Dal 5) isolated from rhizosphere of conifers from Dalhousie (Himachal Pradesh, India) was found to be an efficient cellulolytic strain. 27341464 4 25 theme endoglucanase 397:409 arg1 levels 387:392 appreciably higher levels 368:392 appreciably higher levels of endoglucanase (35.69U/ml), β-glucosidase (4.20U/ml), cellobiohydrolase (2.86U/ml), FPase (1.2U/ml) and xylanase (115U/ml) 368:517 The culture under shake flask on CWR (cellulose, wheat bran and rice straw) medium produced appreciably higher levels of endoglucanase (35.69U/ml), β-glucosidase (4.20U/ml), cellobiohydrolase (2.86U/ml), FPase (1.2U/ml) and xylanase (115U/ml) compared to other Penicillium strains reported in literature. 27341464 6 26 theme lignocellulosics 1028:1043 arg1 hydrolysis 1014:1023 hydrolysis 1014:1023 hydrolysis of lignocellulosics 1014:1043 Dal 5 secretome identified 108 proteins constituting an array of CAZymes including glycosyl hydrolases (GH) belonging to 24 different families, polysaccharide lyases (PL), carbohydrate esterases (CE), lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMO) in addition to swollenin and a variety of carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) indicating an elaborate genetic potential of this strain for hydrolysis of lignocellulosics. 27341464 4 27 dep CWR 309:311 arg1 bran 331:334 wheat bran 325:334 wheat bran 325:334 The culture under shake flask on CWR (cellulose, wheat bran and rice straw) medium produced appreciably higher levels of endoglucanase (35.69U/ml), β-glucosidase (4.20U/ml), cellobiohydrolase (2.86U/ml), FPase (1.2U/ml) and xylanase (115U/ml) compared to other Penicillium strains reported in literature. 27341464 4 27 dep CWR 309:311 arg1 straw 345:349 rice straw 340:349 rice straw 340:349 The culture under shake flask on CWR (cellulose, wheat bran and rice straw) medium produced appreciably higher levels of endoglucanase (35.69U/ml), β-glucosidase (4.20U/ml), cellobiohydrolase (2.86U/ml), FPase (1.2U/ml) and xylanase (115U/ml) compared to other Penicillium strains reported in literature. 27341464 4 27 dep CWR 309:311 arg1 cellulose 314:322 cellulose 314:322 cellulose 314:322 The culture under shake flask on CWR (cellulose, wheat bran and rice straw) medium produced appreciably higher levels of endoglucanase (35.69U/ml), β-glucosidase (4.20U/ml), cellobiohydrolase (2.86U/ml), FPase (1.2U/ml) and xylanase (115U/ml) compared to other Penicillium strains reported in literature. 27341464 4 28 theme Penicillium 537:547 arg1 strains 549:555 other Penicillium strains 531:555 other Penicillium strains reported in literature 531:578 The culture under shake flask on CWR (cellulose, wheat bran and rice straw) medium produced appreciably higher levels of endoglucanase (35.69U/ml), β-glucosidase (4.20U/ml), cellobiohydrolase (2.86U/ml), FPase (1.2U/ml) and xylanase (115U/ml) compared to other Penicillium strains reported in literature. 27341464 0 29 theme efficient 34:42 arg1 sp 74:75 highly efficient lignocellulolytic Penicillium sp 27:75 highly efficient lignocellulolytic Penicillium sp 27:75 Evaluation of secretome of highly efficient lignocellulolytic Penicillium sp. 27341464 7 30 theme 10 1171:1172 arg1 % 1173:1173 % 1173:1173 % 1173:1173 Further, the culture extract was evaluated for hydrolysis of alkali treated rice straw, wheat straw, bagasse and corn cob at 10% substrate loading rate. 27341464 6 31 theme modules 939:945 arg1 hydrolases 723:732 glycosyl hydrolases 714:732 glycosyl hydrolases (GH) belonging to 24 different families 714:772 Dal 5 secretome identified 108 proteins constituting an array of CAZymes including glycosyl hydrolases (GH) belonging to 24 different families, polysaccharide lyases (PL), carbohydrate esterases (CE), lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMO) in addition to swollenin and a variety of carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) indicating an elaborate genetic potential of this strain for hydrolysis of lignocellulosics. 27341464 6 31 theme modules 939:945 arg1 CE 827:828 CE 827:828 CE 827:828 Dal 5 secretome identified 108 proteins constituting an array of CAZymes including glycosyl hydrolases (GH) belonging to 24 different families, polysaccharide lyases (PL), carbohydrate esterases (CE), lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMO) in addition to swollenin and a variety of carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) indicating an elaborate genetic potential of this strain for hydrolysis of lignocellulosics. 27341464 6 31 theme modules 939:945 arg1 modules 939:945 carbohydrate binding modules 918:945 carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) indicating an elaborate genetic potential of this strain for hydrolysis of lignocellulosics 918:1043 Dal 5 secretome identified 108 proteins constituting an array of CAZymes including glycosyl hydrolases (GH) belonging to 24 different families, polysaccharide lyases (PL), carbohydrate esterases (CE), lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMO) in addition to swollenin and a variety of carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) indicating an elaborate genetic potential of this strain for hydrolysis of lignocellulosics. 27341464 6 31 theme modules 939:945 arg1 GH 735:736 GH 735:736 GH 735:736 Dal 5 secretome identified 108 proteins constituting an array of CAZymes including glycosyl hydrolases (GH) belonging to 24 different families, polysaccharide lyases (PL), carbohydrate esterases (CE), lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMO) in addition to swollenin and a variety of carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) indicating an elaborate genetic potential of this strain for hydrolysis of lignocellulosics. 27341464 6 31 theme modules 939:945 arg1 LPMO 870:873 LPMO 870:873 LPMO 870:873 Dal 5 secretome identified 108 proteins constituting an array of CAZymes including glycosyl hydrolases (GH) belonging to 24 different families, polysaccharide lyases (PL), carbohydrate esterases (CE), lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMO) in addition to swollenin and a variety of carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) indicating an elaborate genetic potential of this strain for hydrolysis of lignocellulosics. 27341464 6 31 theme modules 939:945 arg1 PL 798:799 PL 798:799 PL 798:799 Dal 5 secretome identified 108 proteins constituting an array of CAZymes including glycosyl hydrolases (GH) belonging to 24 different families, polysaccharide lyases (PL), carbohydrate esterases (CE), lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMO) in addition to swollenin and a variety of carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) indicating an elaborate genetic potential of this strain for hydrolysis of lignocellulosics. 27341464 6 31 theme modules 939:945 arg1 CBM 948:950 CBM 948:950 CBM 948:950 Dal 5 secretome identified 108 proteins constituting an array of CAZymes including glycosyl hydrolases (GH) belonging to 24 different families, polysaccharide lyases (PL), carbohydrate esterases (CE), lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMO) in addition to swollenin and a variety of carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) indicating an elaborate genetic potential of this strain for hydrolysis of lignocellulosics. 27341464 6 31 theme modules 939:945 arg1 variety 907:913 a variety 905:913 a variety of carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) indicating an elaborate genetic potential of this strain for hydrolysis of lignocellulosics 905:1043 Dal 5 secretome identified 108 proteins constituting an array of CAZymes including glycosyl hydrolases (GH) belonging to 24 different families, polysaccharide lyases (PL), carbohydrate esterases (CE), lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMO) in addition to swollenin and a variety of carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) indicating an elaborate genetic potential of this strain for hydrolysis of lignocellulosics. 27341464 6 31 theme modules 939:945 arg1 mono-oxygenases 853:867 lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases 832:867 lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMO) in addition to swollenin 832:899 Dal 5 secretome identified 108 proteins constituting an array of CAZymes including glycosyl hydrolases (GH) belonging to 24 different families, polysaccharide lyases (PL), carbohydrate esterases (CE), lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMO) in addition to swollenin and a variety of carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) indicating an elaborate genetic potential of this strain for hydrolysis of lignocellulosics. 27341464 6 31 theme modules 939:945 arg1 lyases 790:795 polysaccharide lyases 775:795 polysaccharide lyases (PL) 775:800 Dal 5 secretome identified 108 proteins constituting an array of CAZymes including glycosyl hydrolases (GH) belonging to 24 different families, polysaccharide lyases (PL), carbohydrate esterases (CE), lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMO) in addition to swollenin and a variety of carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) indicating an elaborate genetic potential of this strain for hydrolysis of lignocellulosics. 27341464 6 31 theme modules 939:945 arg1 esterases 816:824 carbohydrate esterases 803:824 carbohydrate esterases (CE) 803:829 Dal 5 secretome identified 108 proteins constituting an array of CAZymes including glycosyl hydrolases (GH) belonging to 24 different families, polysaccharide lyases (PL), carbohydrate esterases (CE), lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMO) in addition to swollenin and a variety of carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) indicating an elaborate genetic potential of this strain for hydrolysis of lignocellulosics. 27341464 3 32 attach isolated 147:154 arg1 Dalhousie 190:198 Dalhousie 190:198 Dalhousie 190:198 (Dal 5) isolated from rhizosphere of conifers from Dalhousie (Himachal Pradesh, India) was found to be an efficient cellulolytic strain. 27341464 3 32 attach isolated 147:154 arg2 Dal 140:142 Dal 140:142 Dal 140:142 (Dal 5) isolated from rhizosphere of conifers from Dalhousie (Himachal Pradesh, India) was found to be an efficient cellulolytic strain. 27341464 3 32 attach isolated 147:154 arg2 strain 268:273 an efficient cellulolytic strain 242:273 an efficient cellulolytic strain 242:273 (Dal 5) isolated from rhizosphere of conifers from Dalhousie (Himachal Pradesh, India) was found to be an efficient cellulolytic strain. 27341464 3 32 attach isolated 147:154 arg1 India 219:223 India 219:223 India 219:223 (Dal 5) isolated from rhizosphere of conifers from Dalhousie (Himachal Pradesh, India) was found to be an efficient cellulolytic strain. 27341464 3 32 attach isolated 147:154 arg1 rhizosphere 161:171 rhizosphere 161:171 rhizosphere of conifers 161:183 (Dal 5) isolated from rhizosphere of conifers from Dalhousie (Himachal Pradesh, India) was found to be an efficient cellulolytic strain. 27341464 6 33 theme polysaccharide 775:788 arg1 PL 798:799 PL 798:799 PL 798:799 Dal 5 secretome identified 108 proteins constituting an array of CAZymes including glycosyl hydrolases (GH) belonging to 24 different families, polysaccharide lyases (PL), carbohydrate esterases (CE), lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMO) in addition to swollenin and a variety of carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) indicating an elaborate genetic potential of this strain for hydrolysis of lignocellulosics. 27341464 6 33 theme polysaccharide 775:788 arg1 lyases 790:795 polysaccharide lyases 775:795 polysaccharide lyases (PL) 775:800 Dal 5 secretome identified 108 proteins constituting an array of CAZymes including glycosyl hydrolases (GH) belonging to 24 different families, polysaccharide lyases (PL), carbohydrate esterases (CE), lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMO) in addition to swollenin and a variety of carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) indicating an elaborate genetic potential of this strain for hydrolysis of lignocellulosics. 27341464 4 34 theme CWR 309:311 arg1 medium 352:357 CWR (cellulose, wheat bran and rice straw) medium 309:357 CWR (cellulose, wheat bran and rice straw) medium 309:357 The culture under shake flask on CWR (cellulose, wheat bran and rice straw) medium produced appreciably higher levels of endoglucanase (35.69U/ml), β-glucosidase (4.20U/ml), cellobiohydrolase (2.86U/ml), FPase (1.2U/ml) and xylanase (115U/ml) compared to other Penicillium strains reported in literature. 27341464 6 35 theme binding 931:937 arg1 CBM 948:950 CBM 948:950 CBM 948:950 Dal 5 secretome identified 108 proteins constituting an array of CAZymes including glycosyl hydrolases (GH) belonging to 24 different families, polysaccharide lyases (PL), carbohydrate esterases (CE), lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMO) in addition to swollenin and a variety of carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) indicating an elaborate genetic potential of this strain for hydrolysis of lignocellulosics. 27341464 6 35 theme binding 931:937 arg1 modules 939:945 carbohydrate binding modules 918:945 carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) indicating an elaborate genetic potential of this strain for hydrolysis of lignocellulosics 918:1043 Dal 5 secretome identified 108 proteins constituting an array of CAZymes including glycosyl hydrolases (GH) belonging to 24 different families, polysaccharide lyases (PL), carbohydrate esterases (CE), lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMO) in addition to swollenin and a variety of carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) indicating an elaborate genetic potential of this strain for hydrolysis of lignocellulosics. 27341464 0 36 theme Penicillium 62:72 arg1 sp 74:75 highly efficient lignocellulolytic Penicillium sp 27:75 highly efficient lignocellulolytic Penicillium sp 27:75 Evaluation of secretome of highly efficient lignocellulolytic Penicillium sp. 27341464 6 37 theme polysaccharide 838:851 arg1 LPMO 870:873 LPMO 870:873 LPMO 870:873 Dal 5 secretome identified 108 proteins constituting an array of CAZymes including glycosyl hydrolases (GH) belonging to 24 different families, polysaccharide lyases (PL), carbohydrate esterases (CE), lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMO) in addition to swollenin and a variety of carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) indicating an elaborate genetic potential of this strain for hydrolysis of lignocellulosics. 27341464 6 37 theme polysaccharide 838:851 arg1 mono-oxygenases 853:867 lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases 832:867 lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMO) in addition to swollenin 832:899 Dal 5 secretome identified 108 proteins constituting an array of CAZymes including glycosyl hydrolases (GH) belonging to 24 different families, polysaccharide lyases (PL), carbohydrate esterases (CE), lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMO) in addition to swollenin and a variety of carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) indicating an elaborate genetic potential of this strain for hydrolysis of lignocellulosics. 27341464 5 38 theme spectroscopy 590:601 arg1 analysis 603:610 The mass spectroscopy analysis 581:610 The mass spectroscopy analysis of Penicillium sp 581:628 The mass spectroscopy analysis of Penicillium sp. 27341464 7 39 theme straw 1127:1131 arg1 hydrolysis 1093:1102 hydrolysis 1093:1102 hydrolysis of alkali treated rice straw, wheat straw, bagasse and corn cob at 10% substrate loading rate 1093:1196 Further, the culture extract was evaluated for hydrolysis of alkali treated rice straw, wheat straw, bagasse and corn cob at 10% substrate loading rate. 27341464 1 40 theme conifers 113:120 arg1 rhizosphere 98:108 rhizosphere 98:108 rhizosphere of conifers 98:120 Dal 5 isolated from rhizosphere of conifers. 27341464 0 41 theme lignocellulolytic 44:60 arg1 sp 74:75 highly efficient lignocellulolytic Penicillium sp 27:75 highly efficient lignocellulolytic Penicillium sp 27:75 Evaluation of secretome of highly efficient lignocellulolytic Penicillium sp. 27341464 6 42 theme lytic 832:836 arg1 LPMO 870:873 LPMO 870:873 LPMO 870:873 Dal 5 secretome identified 108 proteins constituting an array of CAZymes including glycosyl hydrolases (GH) belonging to 24 different families, polysaccharide lyases (PL), carbohydrate esterases (CE), lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMO) in addition to swollenin and a variety of carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) indicating an elaborate genetic potential of this strain for hydrolysis of lignocellulosics. 27341464 6 42 theme lytic 832:836 arg1 mono-oxygenases 853:867 lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases 832:867 lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMO) in addition to swollenin 832:899 Dal 5 secretome identified 108 proteins constituting an array of CAZymes including glycosyl hydrolases (GH) belonging to 24 different families, polysaccharide lyases (PL), carbohydrate esterases (CE), lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMO) in addition to swollenin and a variety of carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) indicating an elaborate genetic potential of this strain for hydrolysis of lignocellulosics. 27341464 7 43 theme cob 1164:1166 arg1 hydrolysis 1093:1102 hydrolysis 1093:1102 hydrolysis of alkali treated rice straw, wheat straw, bagasse and corn cob at 10% substrate loading rate 1093:1196 Further, the culture extract was evaluated for hydrolysis of alkali treated rice straw, wheat straw, bagasse and corn cob at 10% substrate loading rate. 27341464 6 44 theme CAZymes 696:702 arg1 array 687:691 an array 684:691 an array of CAZymes including glycosyl hydrolases (GH) belonging to 24 different families, polysaccharide lyases (PL), carbohydrate esterases (CE), lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMO) in addition to swollenin and a variety of carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) indicating an elaborate genetic potential of this strain for hydrolysis of lignocellulosics 684:1043 Dal 5 secretome identified 108 proteins constituting an array of CAZymes including glycosyl hydrolases (GH) belonging to 24 different families, polysaccharide lyases (PL), carbohydrate esterases (CE), lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMO) in addition to swollenin and a variety of carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) indicating an elaborate genetic potential of this strain for hydrolysis of lignocellulosics. 27341464 3 45 theme cellulolytic 255:266 arg1 strain 268:273 an efficient cellulolytic strain 242:273 an efficient cellulolytic strain 242:273 (Dal 5) isolated from rhizosphere of conifers from Dalhousie (Himachal Pradesh, India) was found to be an efficient cellulolytic strain. 27341464 3 45 theme cellulolytic 255:266 arg1 Dal 140:142 Dal 140:142 Dal 140:142 (Dal 5) isolated from rhizosphere of conifers from Dalhousie (Himachal Pradesh, India) was found to be an efficient cellulolytic strain. 27341464 6 46 theme different 755:763 arg1 families 765:772 24 different families 752:772 24 different families 752:772 Dal 5 secretome identified 108 proteins constituting an array of CAZymes including glycosyl hydrolases (GH) belonging to 24 different families, polysaccharide lyases (PL), carbohydrate esterases (CE), lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMO) in addition to swollenin and a variety of carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) indicating an elaborate genetic potential of this strain for hydrolysis of lignocellulosics. 27341464 7 47 theme bagasse 1147:1153 arg1 hydrolysis 1093:1102 hydrolysis 1093:1102 hydrolysis of alkali treated rice straw, wheat straw, bagasse and corn cob at 10% substrate loading rate 1093:1196 Further, the culture extract was evaluated for hydrolysis of alkali treated rice straw, wheat straw, bagasse and corn cob at 10% substrate loading rate. 27341464 6 48 theme carbohydrate 918:929 arg1 CBM 948:950 CBM 948:950 CBM 948:950 Dal 5 secretome identified 108 proteins constituting an array of CAZymes including glycosyl hydrolases (GH) belonging to 24 different families, polysaccharide lyases (PL), carbohydrate esterases (CE), lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMO) in addition to swollenin and a variety of carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) indicating an elaborate genetic potential of this strain for hydrolysis of lignocellulosics. 27341464 6 48 theme carbohydrate 918:929 arg1 modules 939:945 carbohydrate binding modules 918:945 carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) indicating an elaborate genetic potential of this strain for hydrolysis of lignocellulosics 918:1043 Dal 5 secretome identified 108 proteins constituting an array of CAZymes including glycosyl hydrolases (GH) belonging to 24 different families, polysaccharide lyases (PL), carbohydrate esterases (CE), lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMO) in addition to swollenin and a variety of carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) indicating an elaborate genetic potential of this strain for hydrolysis of lignocellulosics. 27341464 5 49 theme Penicillium 615:625 arg1 sp 627:628 Penicillium sp 615:628 Penicillium sp 615:628 The mass spectroscopy analysis of Penicillium sp. 27341464 6 50 theme strain 1003:1008 arg1 potential 985:993 genetic potential 977:993 genetic potential of this strain for hydrolysis of lignocellulosics 977:1043 Dal 5 secretome identified 108 proteins constituting an array of CAZymes including glycosyl hydrolases (GH) belonging to 24 different families, polysaccharide lyases (PL), carbohydrate esterases (CE), lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMO) in addition to swollenin and a variety of carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) indicating an elaborate genetic potential of this strain for hydrolysis of lignocellulosics. 27341464 7 51 theme rice 1122:1125 arg1 straw 1127:1131 alkali treated rice straw 1107:1131 alkali treated rice straw 1107:1131 Further, the culture extract was evaluated for hydrolysis of alkali treated rice straw, wheat straw, bagasse and corn cob at 10% substrate loading rate. 27341464 4 52 theme higher 380:385 arg1 levels 387:392 appreciably higher levels 368:392 appreciably higher levels of endoglucanase (35.69U/ml), β-glucosidase (4.20U/ml), cellobiohydrolase (2.86U/ml), FPase (1.2U/ml) and xylanase (115U/ml) 368:517 The culture under shake flask on CWR (cellulose, wheat bran and rice straw) medium produced appreciably higher levels of endoglucanase (35.69U/ml), β-glucosidase (4.20U/ml), cellobiohydrolase (2.86U/ml), FPase (1.2U/ml) and xylanase (115U/ml) compared to other Penicillium strains reported in literature. 27341464 7 53 from rate 1193:1196 arg1 hydrolysis 1093:1102 hydrolysis 1093:1102 hydrolysis of alkali treated rice straw, wheat straw, bagasse and corn cob at 10% substrate loading rate 1093:1196 Further, the culture extract was evaluated for hydrolysis of alkali treated rice straw, wheat straw, bagasse and corn cob at 10% substrate loading rate. 27341464 7 54 theme straw 1140:1144 arg1 hydrolysis 1093:1102 hydrolysis 1093:1102 hydrolysis of alkali treated rice straw, wheat straw, bagasse and corn cob at 10% substrate loading rate 1093:1196 Further, the culture extract was evaluated for hydrolysis of alkali treated rice straw, wheat straw, bagasse and corn cob at 10% substrate loading rate. 27341464 4 55 theme other 531:535 arg1 strains 549:555 other Penicillium strains 531:555 other Penicillium strains reported in literature 531:578 The culture under shake flask on CWR (cellulose, wheat bran and rice straw) medium produced appreciably higher levels of endoglucanase (35.69U/ml), β-glucosidase (4.20U/ml), cellobiohydrolase (2.86U/ml), FPase (1.2U/ml) and xylanase (115U/ml) compared to other Penicillium strains reported in literature. 27341464 0 56 theme sp 74:75 arg1 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation of secretome of highly efficient lignocellulolytic Penicillium sp. 0:76 Evaluation of secretome of highly efficient lignocellulolytic Penicillium sp. 27341464 4 57 from culture 280:286 arg1 medium 352:357 CWR (cellulose, wheat bran and rice straw) medium 309:357 CWR (cellulose, wheat bran and rice straw) medium 309:357 The culture under shake flask on CWR (cellulose, wheat bran and rice straw) medium produced appreciably higher levels of endoglucanase (35.69U/ml), β-glucosidase (4.20U/ml), cellobiohydrolase (2.86U/ml), FPase (1.2U/ml) and xylanase (115U/ml) compared to other Penicillium strains reported in literature. 27341464 7 58 theme culture 1059:1065 arg1 extract 1067:1073 the culture extract 1055:1073 the culture extract 1055:1073 Further, the culture extract was evaluated for hydrolysis of alkali treated rice straw, wheat straw, bagasse and corn cob at 10% substrate loading rate. 26297307 0 0 from study 26:30 arg1 xyloglucan 59:68 xyloglucan 59:68 xyloglucan 59:68 Time-dependent viscometry study of endoglucanase action on xyloglucan: A real-time approach. 26297307 1 1 with seeds 164:168 arg1 EGII 190:193 EGII 190:193 EGII 190:193 Hydrolysis of xyloglucan from Tamarindus indica and Hymenaea courbaril seeds with endoglucanase (EGII), which randomly breaks the (1→4)-linked β-glycosidic bonds of the polymer chain, was monitored in real time using time-dependent viscometry analysis (TDV). 26297307 1 1 with seeds 164:168 arg1 endoglucanase 175:187 endoglucanase 175:187 endoglucanase (EGII) 175:194 Hydrolysis of xyloglucan from Tamarindus indica and Hymenaea courbaril seeds with endoglucanase (EGII), which randomly breaks the (1→4)-linked β-glycosidic bonds of the polymer chain, was monitored in real time using time-dependent viscometry analysis (TDV). 26297307 1 2 theme -linked 228:234 arg1 bonds 249:253 the (1→4)-linked β-glycosidic bonds 219:253 the (1→4)-linked β-glycosidic bonds of the polymer chain 219:274 Hydrolysis of xyloglucan from Tamarindus indica and Hymenaea courbaril seeds with endoglucanase (EGII), which randomly breaks the (1→4)-linked β-glycosidic bonds of the polymer chain, was monitored in real time using time-dependent viscometry analysis (TDV). 26297307 0 3 theme real-time 73:81 arg1 approach 83:90 A real-time approach 71:90 A real-time approach 71:90 Time-dependent viscometry study of endoglucanase action on xyloglucan: A real-time approach. 26297307 1 4 theme time-dependent 310:323 arg1 TDV 346:348 TDV 346:348 TDV 346:348 Hydrolysis of xyloglucan from Tamarindus indica and Hymenaea courbaril seeds with endoglucanase (EGII), which randomly breaks the (1→4)-linked β-glycosidic bonds of the polymer chain, was monitored in real time using time-dependent viscometry analysis (TDV). 26297307 1 4 theme time-dependent 310:323 arg1 analysis 336:343 time-dependent viscometry analysis 310:343 time-dependent viscometry analysis (TDV) 310:349 Hydrolysis of xyloglucan from Tamarindus indica and Hymenaea courbaril seeds with endoglucanase (EGII), which randomly breaks the (1→4)-linked β-glycosidic bonds of the polymer chain, was monitored in real time using time-dependent viscometry analysis (TDV). 26297307 1 5 from seeds 164:168 arg1 Hydrolysis 93:102 Hydrolysis 93:102 Hydrolysis 93:102 Hydrolysis of xyloglucan from Tamarindus indica and Hymenaea courbaril seeds with endoglucanase (EGII), which randomly breaks the (1→4)-linked β-glycosidic bonds of the polymer chain, was monitored in real time using time-dependent viscometry analysis (TDV). 26297307 4 6 theme EGII 767:770 arg1 action 757:762 the action 753:762 the action of EGII 753:770 Galactose-containing side chains two positions away from the non-substituted glucose, modulated the action of EGII, and the complete hydrolysis of the XG oligomers occurred after 24h. 26297307 1 7 theme β-glycosidic 236:247 arg1 bonds 249:253 the (1→4)-linked β-glycosidic bonds 219:253 the (1→4)-linked β-glycosidic bonds of the polymer chain 219:274 Hydrolysis of xyloglucan from Tamarindus indica and Hymenaea courbaril seeds with endoglucanase (EGII), which randomly breaks the (1→4)-linked β-glycosidic bonds of the polymer chain, was monitored in real time using time-dependent viscometry analysis (TDV). 26297307 1 8 theme viscometry 325:334 arg1 TDV 346:348 TDV 346:348 TDV 346:348 Hydrolysis of xyloglucan from Tamarindus indica and Hymenaea courbaril seeds with endoglucanase (EGII), which randomly breaks the (1→4)-linked β-glycosidic bonds of the polymer chain, was monitored in real time using time-dependent viscometry analysis (TDV). 26297307 1 8 theme viscometry 325:334 arg1 analysis 336:343 time-dependent viscometry analysis 310:343 time-dependent viscometry analysis (TDV) 310:349 Hydrolysis of xyloglucan from Tamarindus indica and Hymenaea courbaril seeds with endoglucanase (EGII), which randomly breaks the (1→4)-linked β-glycosidic bonds of the polymer chain, was monitored in real time using time-dependent viscometry analysis (TDV). 26297307 5 9 theme first 873:877 arg1 time 879:882 the first time 869:882 the first time 869:882 The results demonstrate for the first time the real-time degradation of xyloglucan as well the macromolecular and oligosaccharide composition during the EGII hydrolysis process. 26297307 2 10 theme persistence 487:497 arg1 Lp 507:508 Lp 507:508 Lp 507:508 For both samples there was a decrease in the intrinsic viscosity ([η]), viscosity average molar mass (Mv), radius de gyration (Rg) and persistence length (Lp) immediately after the addition of the enzyme. 26297307 2 10 theme persistence 487:497 arg1 length 499:504 persistence length 487:504 persistence length (Lp) 487:509 For both samples there was a decrease in the intrinsic viscosity ([η]), viscosity average molar mass (Mv), radius de gyration (Rg) and persistence length (Lp) immediately after the addition of the enzyme. 26297307 1 11 link -linked 228:234 arg1 bonds 249:253 the (1→4)-linked β-glycosidic bonds 219:253 the (1→4)-linked β-glycosidic bonds of the polymer chain 219:274 Hydrolysis of xyloglucan from Tamarindus indica and Hymenaea courbaril seeds with endoglucanase (EGII), which randomly breaks the (1→4)-linked β-glycosidic bonds of the polymer chain, was monitored in real time using time-dependent viscometry analysis (TDV). 26297307 3 12 dep 140min 649:654 arg1 up 643:644 up 643:644 up 643:644 It was observed the formation of oligosaccharides and oligomers composed of ∼2 units, up to 140min. 26297307 1 13 with indica 134:139 arg1 EGII 190:193 EGII 190:193 EGII 190:193 Hydrolysis of xyloglucan from Tamarindus indica and Hymenaea courbaril seeds with endoglucanase (EGII), which randomly breaks the (1→4)-linked β-glycosidic bonds of the polymer chain, was monitored in real time using time-dependent viscometry analysis (TDV). 26297307 1 13 with indica 134:139 arg1 endoglucanase 175:187 endoglucanase 175:187 endoglucanase (EGII) 175:194 Hydrolysis of xyloglucan from Tamarindus indica and Hymenaea courbaril seeds with endoglucanase (EGII), which randomly breaks the (1→4)-linked β-glycosidic bonds of the polymer chain, was monitored in real time using time-dependent viscometry analysis (TDV). 26297307 4 14 theme Galactose-containing 657:676 arg1 chains 683:688 Galactose-containing side chains 657:688 Galactose-containing side chains 657:688 Galactose-containing side chains two positions away from the non-substituted glucose, modulated the action of EGII, and the complete hydrolysis of the XG oligomers occurred after 24h. 26297307 5 15 theme hydrolysis 999:1008 arg1 process 1010:1016 the EGII hydrolysis process 990:1016 the EGII hydrolysis process 990:1016 The results demonstrate for the first time the real-time degradation of xyloglucan as well the macromolecular and oligosaccharide composition during the EGII hydrolysis process. 26297307 1 16 from indica 134:139 arg1 Hydrolysis 93:102 Hydrolysis 93:102 Hydrolysis 93:102 Hydrolysis of xyloglucan from Tamarindus indica and Hymenaea courbaril seeds with endoglucanase (EGII), which randomly breaks the (1→4)-linked β-glycosidic bonds of the polymer chain, was monitored in real time using time-dependent viscometry analysis (TDV). 26297307 2 17 theme intrinsic 397:405 arg1 [η 418:419 [η 418:419 [η 418:419 For both samples there was a decrease in the intrinsic viscosity ([η]), viscosity average molar mass (Mv), radius de gyration (Rg) and persistence length (Lp) immediately after the addition of the enzyme. 26297307 2 17 theme intrinsic 397:405 arg1 viscosity 407:415 the intrinsic viscosity 393:415 the intrinsic viscosity ([η]) 393:421 For both samples there was a decrease in the intrinsic viscosity ([η]), viscosity average molar mass (Mv), radius de gyration (Rg) and persistence length (Lp) immediately after the addition of the enzyme. 26297307 4 18 theme oligomers 811:819 arg1 hydrolysis 790:799 the complete hydrolysis 777:799 the complete hydrolysis of the XG oligomers 777:819 Galactose-containing side chains two positions away from the non-substituted glucose, modulated the action of EGII, and the complete hydrolysis of the XG oligomers occurred after 24h. 26297307 0 19 theme viscometry 15:24 arg1 study 26:30 Time-dependent viscometry study 0:30 Time-dependent viscometry study of endoglucanase action on xyloglucan 0:68 Time-dependent viscometry study of endoglucanase action on xyloglucan: A real-time approach. 26297307 3 20 theme oligomers 611:619 arg1 formation 577:585 the formation 573:585 the formation of oligosaccharides and oligomers composed of ∼2 units 573:640 It was observed the formation of oligosaccharides and oligomers composed of ∼2 units, up to 140min. 26297307 0 21 dep approach 83:90 arg1 study 26:30 Time-dependent viscometry study 0:30 Time-dependent viscometry study of endoglucanase action on xyloglucan 0:68 Time-dependent viscometry study of endoglucanase action on xyloglucan: A real-time approach. 26297307 5 22 theme EGII 994:997 arg1 process 1010:1016 the EGII hydrolysis process 990:1016 the EGII hydrolysis process 990:1016 The results demonstrate for the first time the real-time degradation of xyloglucan as well the macromolecular and oligosaccharide composition during the EGII hydrolysis process. 26297307 0 23 theme Time-dependent 0:13 arg1 study 26:30 Time-dependent viscometry study 0:30 Time-dependent viscometry study of endoglucanase action on xyloglucan 0:68 Time-dependent viscometry study of endoglucanase action on xyloglucan: A real-time approach. 26297307 1 24 theme polymer 262:268 arg1 chain 270:274 the polymer chain 258:274 the polymer chain 258:274 Hydrolysis of xyloglucan from Tamarindus indica and Hymenaea courbaril seeds with endoglucanase (EGII), which randomly breaks the (1→4)-linked β-glycosidic bonds of the polymer chain, was monitored in real time using time-dependent viscometry analysis (TDV). 26297307 2 25 theme enzyme 549:554 arg1 addition 533:540 the addition 529:540 the addition of the enzyme 529:554 For both samples there was a decrease in the intrinsic viscosity ([η]), viscosity average molar mass (Mv), radius de gyration (Rg) and persistence length (Lp) immediately after the addition of the enzyme. 26297307 1 26 theme chain 270:274 arg1 bonds 249:253 the (1→4)-linked β-glycosidic bonds 219:253 the (1→4)-linked β-glycosidic bonds of the polymer chain 219:274 Hydrolysis of xyloglucan from Tamarindus indica and Hymenaea courbaril seeds with endoglucanase (EGII), which randomly breaks the (1→4)-linked β-glycosidic bonds of the polymer chain, was monitored in real time using time-dependent viscometry analysis (TDV). 26297307 2 27 theme de 466:467 arg1 Rg 479:480 Rg 479:480 Rg 479:480 For both samples there was a decrease in the intrinsic viscosity ([η]), viscosity average molar mass (Mv), radius de gyration (Rg) and persistence length (Lp) immediately after the addition of the enzyme. 26297307 2 27 theme de 466:467 arg1 gyration 469:476 radius de gyration 459:476 radius de gyration (Rg) 459:481 For both samples there was a decrease in the intrinsic viscosity ([η]), viscosity average molar mass (Mv), radius de gyration (Rg) and persistence length (Lp) immediately after the addition of the enzyme. 26297307 1 28 theme xyloglucan 107:116 arg1 Hydrolysis 93:102 Hydrolysis 93:102 Hydrolysis 93:102 Hydrolysis of xyloglucan from Tamarindus indica and Hymenaea courbaril seeds with endoglucanase (EGII), which randomly breaks the (1→4)-linked β-glycosidic bonds of the polymer chain, was monitored in real time using time-dependent viscometry analysis (TDV). 26297307 0 29 theme action 49:54 arg1 study 26:30 Time-dependent viscometry study 0:30 Time-dependent viscometry study of endoglucanase action on xyloglucan 0:68 Time-dependent viscometry study of endoglucanase action on xyloglucan: A real-time approach. 26297307 2 30 theme radius 459:464 arg1 Rg 479:480 Rg 479:480 Rg 479:480 For both samples there was a decrease in the intrinsic viscosity ([η]), viscosity average molar mass (Mv), radius de gyration (Rg) and persistence length (Lp) immediately after the addition of the enzyme. 26297307 2 30 theme radius 459:464 arg1 gyration 469:476 radius de gyration 459:476 radius de gyration (Rg) 459:481 For both samples there was a decrease in the intrinsic viscosity ([η]), viscosity average molar mass (Mv), radius de gyration (Rg) and persistence length (Lp) immediately after the addition of the enzyme. 26297307 5 31 theme oligosaccharide 955:969 arg1 composition 971:981 the macromolecular and oligosaccharide composition 932:981 composition 971:981 The results demonstrate for the first time the real-time degradation of xyloglucan as well the macromolecular and oligosaccharide composition during the EGII hydrolysis process. 26297307 5 32 theme real-time 888:896 arg1 degradation 898:908 the real-time degradation 884:908 the real-time degradation of xyloglucan 884:922 The results demonstrate for the first time the real-time degradation of xyloglucan as well the macromolecular and oligosaccharide composition during the EGII hydrolysis process. 26297307 0 33 theme endoglucanase 35:47 arg1 action 49:54 endoglucanase action 35:54 endoglucanase action 35:54 Time-dependent viscometry study of endoglucanase action on xyloglucan: A real-time approach. 26297307 4 34 theme XG 808:809 arg1 oligomers 811:819 the XG oligomers 804:819 the XG oligomers 804:819 Galactose-containing side chains two positions away from the non-substituted glucose, modulated the action of EGII, and the complete hydrolysis of the XG oligomers occurred after 24h. 26297307 3 35 theme oligosaccharides 590:605 arg1 formation 577:585 the formation 573:585 the formation of oligosaccharides and oligomers composed of ∼2 units 573:640 It was observed the formation of oligosaccharides and oligomers composed of ∼2 units, up to 140min. 26297307 2 36 dep viscosity 424:432 arg1 Mv 454:455 Mv 454:455 Mv 454:455 For both samples there was a decrease in the intrinsic viscosity ([η]), viscosity average molar mass (Mv), radius de gyration (Rg) and persistence length (Lp) immediately after the addition of the enzyme. 26297307 2 36 dep viscosity 424:432 arg1 mass 448:451 average molar mass 434:451 viscosity average molar mass (Mv) 424:456 For both samples there was a decrease in the intrinsic viscosity ([η]), viscosity average molar mass (Mv), radius de gyration (Rg) and persistence length (Lp) immediately after the addition of the enzyme. 26297307 4 37 theme non-substituted 718:732 arg1 glucose 734:740 the non-substituted glucose 714:740 the non-substituted glucose 714:740 Galactose-containing side chains two positions away from the non-substituted glucose, modulated the action of EGII, and the complete hydrolysis of the XG oligomers occurred after 24h. 26297307 5 38 theme xyloglucan 913:922 arg1 degradation 898:908 the real-time degradation 884:908 the real-time degradation of xyloglucan 884:922 The results demonstrate for the first time the real-time degradation of xyloglucan as well the macromolecular and oligosaccharide composition during the EGII hydrolysis process. 26297307 1 39 theme Tamarindus 123:132 arg1 indica 134:139 Tamarindus indica 123:139 Tamarindus indica 123:139 Hydrolysis of xyloglucan from Tamarindus indica and Hymenaea courbaril seeds with endoglucanase (EGII), which randomly breaks the (1→4)-linked β-glycosidic bonds of the polymer chain, was monitored in real time using time-dependent viscometry analysis (TDV). 26297307 1 40 theme real 294:297 arg1 time 299:302 real time 294:302 real time using time-dependent viscometry analysis (TDV) 294:349 Hydrolysis of xyloglucan from Tamarindus indica and Hymenaea courbaril seeds with endoglucanase (EGII), which randomly breaks the (1→4)-linked β-glycosidic bonds of the polymer chain, was monitored in real time using time-dependent viscometry analysis (TDV). 26297307 3 41 theme ∼2 633:634 arg1 units 636:640 ∼2 units 633:640 ∼2 units 633:640 It was observed the formation of oligosaccharides and oligomers composed of ∼2 units, up to 140min. 26297307 4 42 theme complete 781:788 arg1 hydrolysis 790:799 the complete hydrolysis 777:799 the complete hydrolysis of the XG oligomers 777:819 Galactose-containing side chains two positions away from the non-substituted glucose, modulated the action of EGII, and the complete hydrolysis of the XG oligomers occurred after 24h. 26297307 4 43 theme side 678:681 arg1 chains 683:688 Galactose-containing side chains 657:688 Galactose-containing side chains 657:688 Galactose-containing side chains two positions away from the non-substituted glucose, modulated the action of EGII, and the complete hydrolysis of the XG oligomers occurred after 24h. 26297307 2 44 theme molar 442:446 arg1 Mv 454:455 Mv 454:455 Mv 454:455 For both samples there was a decrease in the intrinsic viscosity ([η]), viscosity average molar mass (Mv), radius de gyration (Rg) and persistence length (Lp) immediately after the addition of the enzyme. 26297307 2 44 theme molar 442:446 arg1 mass 448:451 average molar mass 434:451 viscosity average molar mass (Mv) 424:456 For both samples there was a decrease in the intrinsic viscosity ([η]), viscosity average molar mass (Mv), radius de gyration (Rg) and persistence length (Lp) immediately after the addition of the enzyme. 26297307 5 45 theme macromolecular 936:949 arg1 composition 971:981 the macromolecular and oligosaccharide composition 932:981 composition 971:981 The results demonstrate for the first time the real-time degradation of xyloglucan as well the macromolecular and oligosaccharide composition during the EGII hydrolysis process. 26297307 1 46 theme Hymenaea 145:152 arg1 seeds 164:168 Hymenaea courbaril seeds 145:168 Hymenaea courbaril seeds with endoglucanase (EGII) 145:194 Hydrolysis of xyloglucan from Tamarindus indica and Hymenaea courbaril seeds with endoglucanase (EGII), which randomly breaks the (1→4)-linked β-glycosidic bonds of the polymer chain, was monitored in real time using time-dependent viscometry analysis (TDV). 26297307 2 47 theme average 434:440 arg1 Mv 454:455 Mv 454:455 Mv 454:455 For both samples there was a decrease in the intrinsic viscosity ([η]), viscosity average molar mass (Mv), radius de gyration (Rg) and persistence length (Lp) immediately after the addition of the enzyme. 26297307 2 47 theme average 434:440 arg1 mass 448:451 average molar mass 434:451 viscosity average molar mass (Mv) 424:456 For both samples there was a decrease in the intrinsic viscosity ([η]), viscosity average molar mass (Mv), radius de gyration (Rg) and persistence length (Lp) immediately after the addition of the enzyme. 26297307 2 48 from decrease 381:388 arg1 Lp 507:508 Lp 507:508 Lp 507:508 For both samples there was a decrease in the intrinsic viscosity ([η]), viscosity average molar mass (Mv), radius de gyration (Rg) and persistence length (Lp) immediately after the addition of the enzyme. 26297307 2 48 from decrease 381:388 arg1 Rg 479:480 Rg 479:480 Rg 479:480 For both samples there was a decrease in the intrinsic viscosity ([η]), viscosity average molar mass (Mv), radius de gyration (Rg) and persistence length (Lp) immediately after the addition of the enzyme. 26297307 2 48 from decrease 381:388 arg1 viscosity 407:415 the intrinsic viscosity 393:415 the intrinsic viscosity ([η]) 393:421 For both samples there was a decrease in the intrinsic viscosity ([η]), viscosity average molar mass (Mv), radius de gyration (Rg) and persistence length (Lp) immediately after the addition of the enzyme. 26297307 2 48 from decrease 381:388 arg1 viscosity 424:432 viscosity average molar mass (Mv) 424:456 viscosity average molar mass (Mv) 424:456 For both samples there was a decrease in the intrinsic viscosity ([η]), viscosity average molar mass (Mv), radius de gyration (Rg) and persistence length (Lp) immediately after the addition of the enzyme. 26297307 2 48 from decrease 381:388 arg1 [η 418:419 [η 418:419 [η 418:419 For both samples there was a decrease in the intrinsic viscosity ([η]), viscosity average molar mass (Mv), radius de gyration (Rg) and persistence length (Lp) immediately after the addition of the enzyme. 26297307 2 48 from decrease 381:388 arg1 gyration 469:476 radius de gyration 459:476 radius de gyration (Rg) 459:481 For both samples there was a decrease in the intrinsic viscosity ([η]), viscosity average molar mass (Mv), radius de gyration (Rg) and persistence length (Lp) immediately after the addition of the enzyme. 26297307 2 48 from decrease 381:388 arg1 length 499:504 persistence length 487:504 persistence length (Lp) 487:509 For both samples there was a decrease in the intrinsic viscosity ([η]), viscosity average molar mass (Mv), radius de gyration (Rg) and persistence length (Lp) immediately after the addition of the enzyme. 26297307 1 49 theme courbaril 154:162 arg1 seeds 164:168 Hymenaea courbaril seeds 145:168 Hymenaea courbaril seeds with endoglucanase (EGII) 145:194 Hydrolysis of xyloglucan from Tamarindus indica and Hymenaea courbaril seeds with endoglucanase (EGII), which randomly breaks the (1→4)-linked β-glycosidic bonds of the polymer chain, was monitored in real time using time-dependent viscometry analysis (TDV). 28363549 2 0 theme emission 598:605 arg1 FE-SEM 637:642 FE-SEM 637:642 FE-SEM 637:642 The morphologies, surface chemical structures and compositions of the obtained CA and ZCA membranes were thoroughly characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. 28363549 2 0 theme emission 598:605 arg1 microscopy 625:634 field emission scanning electron microscopy 592:634 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy 592:691 The morphologies, surface chemical structures and compositions of the obtained CA and ZCA membranes were thoroughly characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. 28363549 1 1 theme phase 427:431 arg1 method 444:449 the non-solvent-induced phase separation method 403:449 the non-solvent-induced phase separation method (NIPS) 403:456 This study focused on the preparation of a new kind of membrane material, zwitterionic cellulose acetate (ZCA), via a three-step procedure consist of oxidization, Schiff base and quaternary amination reaction, and the fabrication of antifouling ZCA ultrafiltration membrane by the non-solvent-induced phase separation method (NIPS). 28363549 1 1 theme phase 427:431 arg1 NIPS 452:455 NIPS 452:455 NIPS 452:455 This study focused on the preparation of a new kind of membrane material, zwitterionic cellulose acetate (ZCA), via a three-step procedure consist of oxidization, Schiff base and quaternary amination reaction, and the fabrication of antifouling ZCA ultrafiltration membrane by the non-solvent-induced phase separation method (NIPS). 28363549 6 2 theme long 1476:1479 arg1 life 1486:1489 polymer-based membrane a long time life 1451:1489 polymer-based membrane a long time life 1451:1489 This new approach gives polymer-based membrane a long time life and excellent ultrafiltration performance, and seems promising for potential applications in the protein separation. 28363549 5 3 theme albumin 1189:1195 arg1 solution 1203:1210 bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution 1176:1210 bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution 1176:1210 According to the cycle ultrafiltration performance of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution and protein adsorption experiment, ZCA membrane exhibited better flux recovery property and fouling resistant ability, especially irreversible fouling resistant ability, suggesting superior antifouling performance. 28363549 4 4 theme reference 1041:1049 arg1 membrane 1054:1061 the reference CA membrane 1037:1061 the reference CA membrane 1037:1061 As a result, the ZCA membrane displayed significantly improved hydrophilicity and water permeability compared with those of the reference CA membrane, despite a slight decrease in the protein rejection ratio. 28363549 4 5 theme protein 1097:1103 arg1 ratio 1115:1119 the protein rejection ratio 1093:1119 the protein rejection ratio 1093:1119 As a result, the ZCA membrane displayed significantly improved hydrophilicity and water permeability compared with those of the reference CA membrane, despite a slight decrease in the protein rejection ratio. 28363549 6 6 theme potential 1558:1566 arg1 applications 1568:1579 potential applications 1558:1579 potential applications in the protein separation 1558:1605 This new approach gives polymer-based membrane a long time life and excellent ultrafiltration performance, and seems promising for potential applications in the protein separation. 28363549 1 7 theme new 169:171 arg1 kind 173:176 a new kind 167:176 a new kind of membrane material 167:197 This study focused on the preparation of a new kind of membrane material, zwitterionic cellulose acetate (ZCA), via a three-step procedure consist of oxidization, Schiff base and quaternary amination reaction, and the fabrication of antifouling ZCA ultrafiltration membrane by the non-solvent-induced phase separation method (NIPS). 28363549 1 7 theme new 169:171 arg1 acetate 223:229 zwitterionic cellulose acetate 200:229 zwitterionic cellulose acetate (ZCA) 200:235 This study focused on the preparation of a new kind of membrane material, zwitterionic cellulose acetate (ZCA), via a three-step procedure consist of oxidization, Schiff base and quaternary amination reaction, and the fabrication of antifouling ZCA ultrafiltration membrane by the non-solvent-induced phase separation method (NIPS). 28363549 2 8 theme electron 616:623 arg1 FE-SEM 637:642 FE-SEM 637:642 FE-SEM 637:642 The morphologies, surface chemical structures and compositions of the obtained CA and ZCA membranes were thoroughly characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. 28363549 2 8 theme electron 616:623 arg1 microscopy 625:634 field emission scanning electron microscopy 592:634 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy 592:691 The morphologies, surface chemical structures and compositions of the obtained CA and ZCA membranes were thoroughly characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. 28363549 1 9 theme three-step 244:253 arg1 procedure 255:263 a three-step procedure 242:263 a three-step procedure consist of oxidization, Schiff base and quaternary amination reaction, and the fabrication of antifouling ZCA ultrafiltration membrane by the non-solvent-induced phase separation method (NIPS) 242:456 This study focused on the preparation of a new kind of membrane material, zwitterionic cellulose acetate (ZCA), via a three-step procedure consist of oxidization, Schiff base and quaternary amination reaction, and the fabrication of antifouling ZCA ultrafiltration membrane by the non-solvent-induced phase separation method (NIPS). 28363549 4 10 theme slight 1074:1079 arg1 decrease 1081:1088 a slight decrease 1072:1088 a slight decrease in the protein rejection ratio 1072:1119 As a result, the ZCA membrane displayed significantly improved hydrophilicity and water permeability compared with those of the reference CA membrane, despite a slight decrease in the protein rejection ratio. 28363549 1 11 theme material 190:197 arg1 kind 173:176 a new kind 167:176 a new kind of membrane material 167:197 This study focused on the preparation of a new kind of membrane material, zwitterionic cellulose acetate (ZCA), via a three-step procedure consist of oxidization, Schiff base and quaternary amination reaction, and the fabrication of antifouling ZCA ultrafiltration membrane by the non-solvent-induced phase separation method (NIPS). 28363549 1 11 theme material 190:197 arg1 acetate 223:229 zwitterionic cellulose acetate 200:229 zwitterionic cellulose acetate (ZCA) 200:235 This study focused on the preparation of a new kind of membrane material, zwitterionic cellulose acetate (ZCA), via a three-step procedure consist of oxidization, Schiff base and quaternary amination reaction, and the fabrication of antifouling ZCA ultrafiltration membrane by the non-solvent-induced phase separation method (NIPS). 28363549 2 12 theme obtained 529:536 arg1 CA 538:539 the obtained CA and ZCA membranes 525:557 CA 538:539 The morphologies, surface chemical structures and compositions of the obtained CA and ZCA membranes were thoroughly characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. 28363549 2 13 theme photoelectron 751:763 arg1 spectroscopy 765:776 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 745:776 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 745:782 The morphologies, surface chemical structures and compositions of the obtained CA and ZCA membranes were thoroughly characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. 28363549 2 13 theme photoelectron 751:763 arg1 XPS 779:781 XPS 779:781 XPS 779:781 The morphologies, surface chemical structures and compositions of the obtained CA and ZCA membranes were thoroughly characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. 28363549 1 14 theme ZCA 371:373 arg1 membrane 391:398 antifouling ZCA ultrafiltration membrane 359:398 antifouling ZCA ultrafiltration membrane 359:398 This study focused on the preparation of a new kind of membrane material, zwitterionic cellulose acetate (ZCA), via a three-step procedure consist of oxidization, Schiff base and quaternary amination reaction, and the fabrication of antifouling ZCA ultrafiltration membrane by the non-solvent-induced phase separation method (NIPS). 28363549 1 15 theme zwitterionic 200:211 arg1 kind 173:176 a new kind 167:176 a new kind of membrane material 167:197 This study focused on the preparation of a new kind of membrane material, zwitterionic cellulose acetate (ZCA), via a three-step procedure consist of oxidization, Schiff base and quaternary amination reaction, and the fabrication of antifouling ZCA ultrafiltration membrane by the non-solvent-induced phase separation method (NIPS). 28363549 1 15 theme zwitterionic 200:211 arg1 ZCA 232:234 ZCA 232:234 ZCA 232:234 This study focused on the preparation of a new kind of membrane material, zwitterionic cellulose acetate (ZCA), via a three-step procedure consist of oxidization, Schiff base and quaternary amination reaction, and the fabrication of antifouling ZCA ultrafiltration membrane by the non-solvent-induced phase separation method (NIPS). 28363549 1 15 theme zwitterionic 200:211 arg1 acetate 223:229 zwitterionic cellulose acetate 200:229 zwitterionic cellulose acetate (ZCA) 200:235 This study focused on the preparation of a new kind of membrane material, zwitterionic cellulose acetate (ZCA), via a three-step procedure consist of oxidization, Schiff base and quaternary amination reaction, and the fabrication of antifouling ZCA ultrafiltration membrane by the non-solvent-induced phase separation method (NIPS). 28363549 1 16 theme membrane 391:398 arg1 fabrication 344:354 the fabrication 340:354 the fabrication of antifouling ZCA ultrafiltration membrane 340:398 This study focused on the preparation of a new kind of membrane material, zwitterionic cellulose acetate (ZCA), via a three-step procedure consist of oxidization, Schiff base and quaternary amination reaction, and the fabrication of antifouling ZCA ultrafiltration membrane by the non-solvent-induced phase separation method (NIPS). 28363549 1 16 theme membrane 391:398 arg1 reaction 326:333 quaternary amination reaction 305:333 quaternary amination reaction 305:333 This study focused on the preparation of a new kind of membrane material, zwitterionic cellulose acetate (ZCA), via a three-step procedure consist of oxidization, Schiff base and quaternary amination reaction, and the fabrication of antifouling ZCA ultrafiltration membrane by the non-solvent-induced phase separation method (NIPS). 28363549 1 16 theme membrane 391:398 arg1 oxidization 276:286 oxidization 276:286 oxidization 276:286 This study focused on the preparation of a new kind of membrane material, zwitterionic cellulose acetate (ZCA), via a three-step procedure consist of oxidization, Schiff base and quaternary amination reaction, and the fabrication of antifouling ZCA ultrafiltration membrane by the non-solvent-induced phase separation method (NIPS). 28363549 1 16 theme membrane 391:398 arg1 base 296:299 Schiff base 289:299 Schiff base 289:299 This study focused on the preparation of a new kind of membrane material, zwitterionic cellulose acetate (ZCA), via a three-step procedure consist of oxidization, Schiff base and quaternary amination reaction, and the fabrication of antifouling ZCA ultrafiltration membrane by the non-solvent-induced phase separation method (NIPS). 28363549 2 17 theme membranes 549:557 arg1 morphologies 463:474 The morphologies 459:474 The morphologies 459:474 The morphologies, surface chemical structures and compositions of the obtained CA and ZCA membranes were thoroughly characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. 28363549 2 17 theme membranes 549:557 arg1 compositions 509:520 compositions 509:520 compositions 509:520 The morphologies, surface chemical structures and compositions of the obtained CA and ZCA membranes were thoroughly characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. 28363549 2 17 theme membranes 549:557 arg1 structures 494:503 surface chemical structures 477:503 surface chemical structures 477:503 The morphologies, surface chemical structures and compositions of the obtained CA and ZCA membranes were thoroughly characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. 28363549 2 18 theme chemical 485:492 arg1 structures 494:503 surface chemical structures 477:503 surface chemical structures 477:503 The morphologies, surface chemical structures and compositions of the obtained CA and ZCA membranes were thoroughly characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. 28363549 5 19 theme flux 1277:1280 arg1 property 1291:1298 better flux recovery property 1270:1298 better flux recovery property 1270:1298 According to the cycle ultrafiltration performance of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution and protein adsorption experiment, ZCA membrane exhibited better flux recovery property and fouling resistant ability, especially irreversible fouling resistant ability, suggesting superior antifouling performance. 28363549 6 20 theme protein 1588:1594 arg1 separation 1596:1605 the protein separation 1584:1605 the protein separation 1584:1605 This new approach gives polymer-based membrane a long time life and excellent ultrafiltration performance, and seems promising for potential applications in the protein separation. 28363549 5 21 theme experiment 1235:1244 arg1 performance 1161:1171 the cycle ultrafiltration performance 1135:1171 the cycle ultrafiltration performance of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution and protein adsorption experiment 1135:1244 According to the cycle ultrafiltration performance of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution and protein adsorption experiment, ZCA membrane exhibited better flux recovery property and fouling resistant ability, especially irreversible fouling resistant ability, suggesting superior antifouling performance. 28363549 0 22 theme serum 94:98 arg1 BSA 109:111 BSA 109:111 BSA 109:111 Exploration of zwitterionic cellulose acetate antifouling ultrafiltration membrane for bovine serum albumin (BSA) separation. 28363549 0 22 theme serum 94:98 arg1 albumin 100:106 bovine serum albumin 87:106 bovine serum albumin (BSA) separation 87:123 Exploration of zwitterionic cellulose acetate antifouling ultrafiltration membrane for bovine serum albumin (BSA) separation. 28363549 1 23 theme amination 316:324 arg1 reaction 326:333 quaternary amination reaction 305:333 quaternary amination reaction 305:333 This study focused on the preparation of a new kind of membrane material, zwitterionic cellulose acetate (ZCA), via a three-step procedure consist of oxidization, Schiff base and quaternary amination reaction, and the fabrication of antifouling ZCA ultrafiltration membrane by the non-solvent-induced phase separation method (NIPS). 28363549 3 24 theme average 846:852 arg1 size 859:862 average pore size 846:862 average pore size 846:862 Meanwhile, the thermal stability, porosity and average pore size of two investigated membranes were also studied. 28363549 1 25 dep procedure 255:263 arg1 consist 265:271 consist 265:271 consist of oxidization, Schiff base and quaternary amination reaction, and the fabrication of antifouling ZCA ultrafiltration membrane by the non-solvent-induced phase separation method (NIPS) 265:456 This study focused on the preparation of a new kind of membrane material, zwitterionic cellulose acetate (ZCA), via a three-step procedure consist of oxidization, Schiff base and quaternary amination reaction, and the fabrication of antifouling ZCA ultrafiltration membrane by the non-solvent-induced phase separation method (NIPS). 28363549 5 26 theme ZCA 1247:1249 arg1 membrane 1251:1258 ZCA membrane 1247:1258 ZCA membrane 1247:1258 According to the cycle ultrafiltration performance of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution and protein adsorption experiment, ZCA membrane exhibited better flux recovery property and fouling resistant ability, especially irreversible fouling resistant ability, suggesting superior antifouling performance. 28363549 3 27 theme membranes 884:892 arg1 porosity 833:840 porosity 833:840 porosity 833:840 Meanwhile, the thermal stability, porosity and average pore size of two investigated membranes were also studied. 28363549 3 27 theme membranes 884:892 arg1 stability 822:830 the thermal stability 810:830 the thermal stability 810:830 Meanwhile, the thermal stability, porosity and average pore size of two investigated membranes were also studied. 28363549 3 27 theme membranes 884:892 arg1 size 859:862 average pore size 846:862 average pore size 846:862 Meanwhile, the thermal stability, porosity and average pore size of two investigated membranes were also studied. 28363549 3 27 theme membranes 884:892 arg1 Meanwhile 799:807 Meanwhile 799:807 Meanwhile 799:807 Meanwhile, the thermal stability, porosity and average pore size of two investigated membranes were also studied. 28363549 4 28 theme rejection 1105:1113 arg1 ratio 1115:1119 the protein rejection ratio 1093:1119 the protein rejection ratio 1093:1119 As a result, the ZCA membrane displayed significantly improved hydrophilicity and water permeability compared with those of the reference CA membrane, despite a slight decrease in the protein rejection ratio. 28363549 6 29 from applications 1568:1579 arg1 separation 1596:1605 the protein separation 1584:1605 the protein separation 1584:1605 This new approach gives polymer-based membrane a long time life and excellent ultrafiltration performance, and seems promising for potential applications in the protein separation. 28363549 6 30 theme polymer-based 1451:1463 arg1 life 1486:1489 polymer-based membrane a long time life 1451:1489 polymer-based membrane a long time life 1451:1489 This new approach gives polymer-based membrane a long time life and excellent ultrafiltration performance, and seems promising for potential applications in the protein separation. 28363549 5 31 theme ultrafiltration 1145:1159 arg1 performance 1161:1171 the cycle ultrafiltration performance 1135:1171 the cycle ultrafiltration performance of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution and protein adsorption experiment 1135:1244 According to the cycle ultrafiltration performance of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution and protein adsorption experiment, ZCA membrane exhibited better flux recovery property and fouling resistant ability, especially irreversible fouling resistant ability, suggesting superior antifouling performance. 28363549 2 32 theme dispersive 657:666 arg1 spectroscopy 680:691 energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy 650:691 energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy 650:691 The morphologies, surface chemical structures and compositions of the obtained CA and ZCA membranes were thoroughly characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. 28363549 0 33 theme zwitterionic 15:26 arg1 acetate 38:44 zwitterionic cellulose acetate 15:44 zwitterionic cellulose acetate 15:44 Exploration of zwitterionic cellulose acetate antifouling ultrafiltration membrane for bovine serum albumin (BSA) separation. 28363549 5 34 theme fouling 1304:1310 arg1 ability 1322:1328 fouling resistant ability 1304:1328 fouling resistant ability 1304:1328 According to the cycle ultrafiltration performance of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution and protein adsorption experiment, ZCA membrane exhibited better flux recovery property and fouling resistant ability, especially irreversible fouling resistant ability, suggesting superior antifouling performance. 28363549 0 35 theme acetate 38:44 arg1 Exploration 0:10 Exploration 0:10 Exploration of zwitterionic cellulose acetate 0:44 Exploration of zwitterionic cellulose acetate antifouling ultrafiltration membrane for bovine serum albumin (BSA) separation. 28363549 4 36 theme water 995:999 arg1 result 918:923 a result 916:923 a result 916:923 As a result, the ZCA membrane displayed significantly improved hydrophilicity and water permeability compared with those of the reference CA membrane, despite a slight decrease in the protein rejection ratio. 28363549 4 36 theme water 995:999 arg1 permeability 1001:1012 water permeability 995:1012 water permeability 995:1012 As a result, the ZCA membrane displayed significantly improved hydrophilicity and water permeability compared with those of the reference CA membrane, despite a slight decrease in the protein rejection ratio. 28363549 4 36 theme water 995:999 arg1 hydrophilicity 976:989 significantly improved hydrophilicity 953:989 significantly improved hydrophilicity 953:989 As a result, the ZCA membrane displayed significantly improved hydrophilicity and water permeability compared with those of the reference CA membrane, despite a slight decrease in the protein rejection ratio. 28363549 2 37 theme surface 477:483 arg1 structures 494:503 surface chemical structures 477:503 surface chemical structures 477:503 The morphologies, surface chemical structures and compositions of the obtained CA and ZCA membranes were thoroughly characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. 28363549 0 38 theme ultrafiltration 58:72 arg1 membrane 74:81 ultrafiltration membrane 58:81 ultrafiltration membrane 58:81 Exploration of zwitterionic cellulose acetate antifouling ultrafiltration membrane for bovine serum albumin (BSA) separation. 28363549 1 39 theme Schiff 289:294 arg1 base 296:299 Schiff base 289:299 Schiff base 289:299 This study focused on the preparation of a new kind of membrane material, zwitterionic cellulose acetate (ZCA), via a three-step procedure consist of oxidization, Schiff base and quaternary amination reaction, and the fabrication of antifouling ZCA ultrafiltration membrane by the non-solvent-induced phase separation method (NIPS). 28363549 5 40 theme antifouling 1402:1412 arg1 performance 1414:1424 superior antifouling performance 1393:1424 superior antifouling performance 1393:1424 According to the cycle ultrafiltration performance of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution and protein adsorption experiment, ZCA membrane exhibited better flux recovery property and fouling resistant ability, especially irreversible fouling resistant ability, suggesting superior antifouling performance. 28363549 6 41 theme ultrafiltration 1505:1519 arg1 performance 1521:1531 excellent ultrafiltration performance 1495:1531 excellent ultrafiltration performance 1495:1531 This new approach gives polymer-based membrane a long time life and excellent ultrafiltration performance, and seems promising for potential applications in the protein separation. 28363549 1 42 theme cellulose 213:221 arg1 kind 173:176 a new kind 167:176 a new kind of membrane material 167:197 This study focused on the preparation of a new kind of membrane material, zwitterionic cellulose acetate (ZCA), via a three-step procedure consist of oxidization, Schiff base and quaternary amination reaction, and the fabrication of antifouling ZCA ultrafiltration membrane by the non-solvent-induced phase separation method (NIPS). 28363549 1 42 theme cellulose 213:221 arg1 ZCA 232:234 ZCA 232:234 ZCA 232:234 This study focused on the preparation of a new kind of membrane material, zwitterionic cellulose acetate (ZCA), via a three-step procedure consist of oxidization, Schiff base and quaternary amination reaction, and the fabrication of antifouling ZCA ultrafiltration membrane by the non-solvent-induced phase separation method (NIPS). 28363549 1 42 theme cellulose 213:221 arg1 acetate 223:229 zwitterionic cellulose acetate 200:229 zwitterionic cellulose acetate (ZCA) 200:235 This study focused on the preparation of a new kind of membrane material, zwitterionic cellulose acetate (ZCA), via a three-step procedure consist of oxidization, Schiff base and quaternary amination reaction, and the fabrication of antifouling ZCA ultrafiltration membrane by the non-solvent-induced phase separation method (NIPS). 28363549 5 43 theme fouling 1355:1361 arg1 ability 1373:1379 irreversible fouling resistant ability 1342:1379 irreversible fouling resistant ability 1342:1379 According to the cycle ultrafiltration performance of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution and protein adsorption experiment, ZCA membrane exhibited better flux recovery property and fouling resistant ability, especially irreversible fouling resistant ability, suggesting superior antifouling performance. 28363549 6 44 theme time 1481:1484 arg1 life 1486:1489 polymer-based membrane a long time life 1451:1489 polymer-based membrane a long time life 1451:1489 This new approach gives polymer-based membrane a long time life and excellent ultrafiltration performance, and seems promising for potential applications in the protein separation. 28363549 5 45 theme serum 1183:1187 arg1 BSA 1198:1200 BSA 1198:1200 BSA 1198:1200 According to the cycle ultrafiltration performance of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution and protein adsorption experiment, ZCA membrane exhibited better flux recovery property and fouling resistant ability, especially irreversible fouling resistant ability, suggesting superior antifouling performance. 28363549 5 45 theme serum 1183:1187 arg1 albumin 1189:1195 bovine serum albumin 1176:1195 bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution 1176:1210 According to the cycle ultrafiltration performance of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution and protein adsorption experiment, ZCA membrane exhibited better flux recovery property and fouling resistant ability, especially irreversible fouling resistant ability, suggesting superior antifouling performance. 28363549 2 46 theme field 592:596 arg1 FE-SEM 637:642 FE-SEM 637:642 FE-SEM 637:642 The morphologies, surface chemical structures and compositions of the obtained CA and ZCA membranes were thoroughly characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. 28363549 2 46 theme field 592:596 arg1 microscopy 625:634 field emission scanning electron microscopy 592:634 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy 592:691 The morphologies, surface chemical structures and compositions of the obtained CA and ZCA membranes were thoroughly characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. 28363549 4 47 theme CA 1051:1052 arg1 membrane 1054:1061 the reference CA membrane 1037:1061 the reference CA membrane 1037:1061 As a result, the ZCA membrane displayed significantly improved hydrophilicity and water permeability compared with those of the reference CA membrane, despite a slight decrease in the protein rejection ratio. 28363549 1 48 theme separation 433:442 arg1 method 444:449 the non-solvent-induced phase separation method 403:449 the non-solvent-induced phase separation method (NIPS) 403:456 This study focused on the preparation of a new kind of membrane material, zwitterionic cellulose acetate (ZCA), via a three-step procedure consist of oxidization, Schiff base and quaternary amination reaction, and the fabrication of antifouling ZCA ultrafiltration membrane by the non-solvent-induced phase separation method (NIPS). 28363549 1 48 theme separation 433:442 arg1 NIPS 452:455 NIPS 452:455 NIPS 452:455 This study focused on the preparation of a new kind of membrane material, zwitterionic cellulose acetate (ZCA), via a three-step procedure consist of oxidization, Schiff base and quaternary amination reaction, and the fabrication of antifouling ZCA ultrafiltration membrane by the non-solvent-induced phase separation method (NIPS). 28363549 6 49 theme a 1474:1474 arg1 life 1486:1489 polymer-based membrane a long time life 1451:1489 polymer-based membrane a long time life 1451:1489 This new approach gives polymer-based membrane a long time life and excellent ultrafiltration performance, and seems promising for potential applications in the protein separation. 28363549 2 50 theme X-ray 745:749 arg1 spectroscopy 765:776 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 745:776 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 745:782 The morphologies, surface chemical structures and compositions of the obtained CA and ZCA membranes were thoroughly characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. 28363549 2 50 theme X-ray 745:749 arg1 XPS 779:781 XPS 779:781 XPS 779:781 The morphologies, surface chemical structures and compositions of the obtained CA and ZCA membranes were thoroughly characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. 28363549 1 51 theme kind 173:176 arg1 preparation 152:162 the preparation 148:162 the preparation of a new kind of membrane material, zwitterionic cellulose acetate (ZCA), 148:236 This study focused on the preparation of a new kind of membrane material, zwitterionic cellulose acetate (ZCA), via a three-step procedure consist of oxidization, Schiff base and quaternary amination reaction, and the fabrication of antifouling ZCA ultrafiltration membrane by the non-solvent-induced phase separation method (NIPS). 28363549 2 52 theme scanning 607:614 arg1 FE-SEM 637:642 FE-SEM 637:642 FE-SEM 637:642 The morphologies, surface chemical structures and compositions of the obtained CA and ZCA membranes were thoroughly characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. 28363549 2 52 theme scanning 607:614 arg1 microscopy 625:634 field emission scanning electron microscopy 592:634 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy 592:691 The morphologies, surface chemical structures and compositions of the obtained CA and ZCA membranes were thoroughly characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. 28363549 1 53 theme membrane 181:188 arg1 material 190:197 membrane material 181:197 membrane material 181:197 This study focused on the preparation of a new kind of membrane material, zwitterionic cellulose acetate (ZCA), via a three-step procedure consist of oxidization, Schiff base and quaternary amination reaction, and the fabrication of antifouling ZCA ultrafiltration membrane by the non-solvent-induced phase separation method (NIPS). 28363549 2 54 theme CA 538:539 arg1 morphologies 463:474 The morphologies 459:474 The morphologies 459:474 The morphologies, surface chemical structures and compositions of the obtained CA and ZCA membranes were thoroughly characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. 28363549 2 54 theme CA 538:539 arg1 compositions 509:520 compositions 509:520 compositions 509:520 The morphologies, surface chemical structures and compositions of the obtained CA and ZCA membranes were thoroughly characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. 28363549 2 54 theme CA 538:539 arg1 structures 494:503 surface chemical structures 477:503 surface chemical structures 477:503 The morphologies, surface chemical structures and compositions of the obtained CA and ZCA membranes were thoroughly characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. 28363549 1 55 theme antifouling 359:369 arg1 membrane 391:398 antifouling ZCA ultrafiltration membrane 359:398 antifouling ZCA ultrafiltration membrane 359:398 This study focused on the preparation of a new kind of membrane material, zwitterionic cellulose acetate (ZCA), via a three-step procedure consist of oxidization, Schiff base and quaternary amination reaction, and the fabrication of antifouling ZCA ultrafiltration membrane by the non-solvent-induced phase separation method (NIPS). 28363549 2 56 with microscopy 625:634 arg1 spectroscopy 680:691 energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy 650:691 energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy 650:691 The morphologies, surface chemical structures and compositions of the obtained CA and ZCA membranes were thoroughly characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. 28363549 4 57 from decrease 1081:1088 arg1 ratio 1115:1119 the protein rejection ratio 1093:1119 the protein rejection ratio 1093:1119 As a result, the ZCA membrane displayed significantly improved hydrophilicity and water permeability compared with those of the reference CA membrane, despite a slight decrease in the protein rejection ratio. 28363549 1 58 theme ultrafiltration 375:389 arg1 membrane 391:398 antifouling ZCA ultrafiltration membrane 359:398 antifouling ZCA ultrafiltration membrane 359:398 This study focused on the preparation of a new kind of membrane material, zwitterionic cellulose acetate (ZCA), via a three-step procedure consist of oxidization, Schiff base and quaternary amination reaction, and the fabrication of antifouling ZCA ultrafiltration membrane by the non-solvent-induced phase separation method (NIPS). 28363549 2 59 theme ZCA 545:547 arg1 membranes 549:557 the obtained CA and ZCA membranes 525:557 membranes 549:557 The morphologies, surface chemical structures and compositions of the obtained CA and ZCA membranes were thoroughly characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. 28363549 5 60 theme better 1270:1275 arg1 property 1291:1298 better flux recovery property 1270:1298 better flux recovery property 1270:1298 According to the cycle ultrafiltration performance of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution and protein adsorption experiment, ZCA membrane exhibited better flux recovery property and fouling resistant ability, especially irreversible fouling resistant ability, suggesting superior antifouling performance. 28363549 0 61 theme bovine 87:92 arg1 BSA 109:111 BSA 109:111 BSA 109:111 Exploration of zwitterionic cellulose acetate antifouling ultrafiltration membrane for bovine serum albumin (BSA) separation. 28363549 0 61 theme bovine 87:92 arg1 albumin 100:106 bovine serum albumin 87:106 bovine serum albumin (BSA) separation 87:123 Exploration of zwitterionic cellulose acetate antifouling ultrafiltration membrane for bovine serum albumin (BSA) separation. 28363549 1 62 theme non-solvent-induced 407:425 arg1 method 444:449 the non-solvent-induced phase separation method 403:449 the non-solvent-induced phase separation method (NIPS) 403:456 This study focused on the preparation of a new kind of membrane material, zwitterionic cellulose acetate (ZCA), via a three-step procedure consist of oxidization, Schiff base and quaternary amination reaction, and the fabrication of antifouling ZCA ultrafiltration membrane by the non-solvent-induced phase separation method (NIPS). 28363549 1 62 theme non-solvent-induced 407:425 arg1 NIPS 452:455 NIPS 452:455 NIPS 452:455 This study focused on the preparation of a new kind of membrane material, zwitterionic cellulose acetate (ZCA), via a three-step procedure consist of oxidization, Schiff base and quaternary amination reaction, and the fabrication of antifouling ZCA ultrafiltration membrane by the non-solvent-induced phase separation method (NIPS). 28363549 4 63 theme ZCA 930:932 arg1 membrane 934:941 the ZCA membrane 926:941 the ZCA membrane 926:941 As a result, the ZCA membrane displayed significantly improved hydrophilicity and water permeability compared with those of the reference CA membrane, despite a slight decrease in the protein rejection ratio. 28363549 2 64 theme infrared 712:719 arg1 FTIR 735:738 FTIR 735:738 FTIR 735:738 The morphologies, surface chemical structures and compositions of the obtained CA and ZCA membranes were thoroughly characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. 28363549 2 64 theme infrared 712:719 arg1 spectroscopy 721:732 infrared spectroscopy 712:732 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 712:739 The morphologies, surface chemical structures and compositions of the obtained CA and ZCA membranes were thoroughly characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. 28363549 5 65 theme adsorption 1224:1233 arg1 experiment 1235:1244 protein adsorption experiment 1216:1244 protein adsorption experiment 1216:1244 According to the cycle ultrafiltration performance of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution and protein adsorption experiment, ZCA membrane exhibited better flux recovery property and fouling resistant ability, especially irreversible fouling resistant ability, suggesting superior antifouling performance. 28363549 0 66 theme albumin 100:106 arg1 separation 114:123 bovine serum albumin (BSA) separation 87:123 bovine serum albumin (BSA) separation 87:123 Exploration of zwitterionic cellulose acetate antifouling ultrafiltration membrane for bovine serum albumin (BSA) separation. 28363549 1 67 theme quaternary 305:314 arg1 reaction 326:333 quaternary amination reaction 305:333 quaternary amination reaction 305:333 This study focused on the preparation of a new kind of membrane material, zwitterionic cellulose acetate (ZCA), via a three-step procedure consist of oxidization, Schiff base and quaternary amination reaction, and the fabrication of antifouling ZCA ultrafiltration membrane by the non-solvent-induced phase separation method (NIPS). 28363549 2 68 theme energy 650:655 arg1 spectroscopy 680:691 energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy 650:691 energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy 650:691 The morphologies, surface chemical structures and compositions of the obtained CA and ZCA membranes were thoroughly characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. 28363549 3 69 theme thermal 814:820 arg1 stability 822:830 the thermal stability 810:830 the thermal stability 810:830 Meanwhile, the thermal stability, porosity and average pore size of two investigated membranes were also studied. 28363549 3 70 theme pore 854:857 arg1 size 859:862 average pore size 846:862 average pore size 846:862 Meanwhile, the thermal stability, porosity and average pore size of two investigated membranes were also studied. 28363549 5 71 theme resistant 1312:1320 arg1 ability 1322:1328 fouling resistant ability 1304:1328 fouling resistant ability 1304:1328 According to the cycle ultrafiltration performance of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution and protein adsorption experiment, ZCA membrane exhibited better flux recovery property and fouling resistant ability, especially irreversible fouling resistant ability, suggesting superior antifouling performance. 28363549 2 72 theme EDX 675:677 arg1 spectroscopy 680:691 energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy 650:691 energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy 650:691 The morphologies, surface chemical structures and compositions of the obtained CA and ZCA membranes were thoroughly characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. 28363549 6 73 theme membrane 1465:1472 arg1 life 1486:1489 polymer-based membrane a long time life 1451:1489 polymer-based membrane a long time life 1451:1489 This new approach gives polymer-based membrane a long time life and excellent ultrafiltration performance, and seems promising for potential applications in the protein separation. 28363549 3 74 theme investigated 871:882 arg1 membranes 884:892 two investigated membranes 867:892 two investigated membranes 867:892 Meanwhile, the thermal stability, porosity and average pore size of two investigated membranes were also studied. 28363549 2 75 theme X-ray 668:672 arg1 spectroscopy 680:691 energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy 650:691 energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy 650:691 The morphologies, surface chemical structures and compositions of the obtained CA and ZCA membranes were thoroughly characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. 28363549 5 76 theme recovery 1282:1289 arg1 property 1291:1298 better flux recovery property 1270:1298 better flux recovery property 1270:1298 According to the cycle ultrafiltration performance of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution and protein adsorption experiment, ZCA membrane exhibited better flux recovery property and fouling resistant ability, especially irreversible fouling resistant ability, suggesting superior antifouling performance. 28363549 0 77 theme cellulose 28:36 arg1 acetate 38:44 zwitterionic cellulose acetate 15:44 zwitterionic cellulose acetate 15:44 Exploration of zwitterionic cellulose acetate antifouling ultrafiltration membrane for bovine serum albumin (BSA) separation. 28363549 6 78 theme new 1432:1434 arg1 approach 1436:1443 This new approach 1427:1443 This new approach 1427:1443 This new approach gives polymer-based membrane a long time life and excellent ultrafiltration performance, and seems promising for potential applications in the protein separation. 28363549 5 79 theme bovine 1176:1181 arg1 BSA 1198:1200 BSA 1198:1200 BSA 1198:1200 According to the cycle ultrafiltration performance of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution and protein adsorption experiment, ZCA membrane exhibited better flux recovery property and fouling resistant ability, especially irreversible fouling resistant ability, suggesting superior antifouling performance. 28363549 5 79 theme bovine 1176:1181 arg1 albumin 1189:1195 bovine serum albumin 1176:1195 bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution 1176:1210 According to the cycle ultrafiltration performance of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution and protein adsorption experiment, ZCA membrane exhibited better flux recovery property and fouling resistant ability, especially irreversible fouling resistant ability, suggesting superior antifouling performance. 28363549 4 80 theme improved 967:974 arg1 hydrophilicity 976:989 significantly improved hydrophilicity 953:989 significantly improved hydrophilicity 953:989 As a result, the ZCA membrane displayed significantly improved hydrophilicity and water permeability compared with those of the reference CA membrane, despite a slight decrease in the protein rejection ratio. 28363549 4 80 theme improved 967:974 arg1 permeability 1001:1012 water permeability 995:1012 water permeability 995:1012 As a result, the ZCA membrane displayed significantly improved hydrophilicity and water permeability compared with those of the reference CA membrane, despite a slight decrease in the protein rejection ratio. 28363549 4 80 theme improved 967:974 arg1 result 918:923 a result 916:923 a result 916:923 As a result, the ZCA membrane displayed significantly improved hydrophilicity and water permeability compared with those of the reference CA membrane, despite a slight decrease in the protein rejection ratio. 28363549 5 81 theme superior 1393:1400 arg1 performance 1414:1424 superior antifouling performance 1393:1424 superior antifouling performance 1393:1424 According to the cycle ultrafiltration performance of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution and protein adsorption experiment, ZCA membrane exhibited better flux recovery property and fouling resistant ability, especially irreversible fouling resistant ability, suggesting superior antifouling performance. 28363549 5 82 theme cycle 1139:1143 arg1 performance 1161:1171 the cycle ultrafiltration performance 1135:1171 the cycle ultrafiltration performance of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution and protein adsorption experiment 1135:1244 According to the cycle ultrafiltration performance of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution and protein adsorption experiment, ZCA membrane exhibited better flux recovery property and fouling resistant ability, especially irreversible fouling resistant ability, suggesting superior antifouling performance. 28363549 5 83 theme irreversible 1342:1353 arg1 ability 1373:1379 irreversible fouling resistant ability 1342:1379 irreversible fouling resistant ability 1342:1379 According to the cycle ultrafiltration performance of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution and protein adsorption experiment, ZCA membrane exhibited better flux recovery property and fouling resistant ability, especially irreversible fouling resistant ability, suggesting superior antifouling performance. 28363549 6 84 theme excellent 1495:1503 arg1 performance 1521:1531 excellent ultrafiltration performance 1495:1531 excellent ultrafiltration performance 1495:1531 This new approach gives polymer-based membrane a long time life and excellent ultrafiltration performance, and seems promising for potential applications in the protein separation. 28363549 5 85 theme solution 1203:1210 arg1 performance 1161:1171 the cycle ultrafiltration performance 1135:1171 the cycle ultrafiltration performance of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution and protein adsorption experiment 1135:1244 According to the cycle ultrafiltration performance of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution and protein adsorption experiment, ZCA membrane exhibited better flux recovery property and fouling resistant ability, especially irreversible fouling resistant ability, suggesting superior antifouling performance. 28363549 5 86 theme resistant 1363:1371 arg1 ability 1373:1379 irreversible fouling resistant ability 1342:1379 irreversible fouling resistant ability 1342:1379 According to the cycle ultrafiltration performance of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution and protein adsorption experiment, ZCA membrane exhibited better flux recovery property and fouling resistant ability, especially irreversible fouling resistant ability, suggesting superior antifouling performance. 28363549 5 87 theme protein 1216:1222 arg1 experiment 1235:1244 protein adsorption experiment 1216:1244 protein adsorption experiment 1216:1244 According to the cycle ultrafiltration performance of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution and protein adsorption experiment, ZCA membrane exhibited better flux recovery property and fouling resistant ability, especially irreversible fouling resistant ability, suggesting superior antifouling performance. 28062750 6 0 contain had 1018:1020 arg2 levels 1038:1043 lower arabinose levels 1022:1043 lower arabinose levels in roots and pollen tubes 1022:1069 Cell walls of other organs and cells had lower arabinose levels in roots and pollen tubes, but no differences were observed in GalA or xylose contents. 28062750 6 0 contain had 1018:1020 arg1 walls 986:990 Cell walls 981:990 Cell walls of other organs and cells 981:1016 Cell walls of other organs and cells had lower arabinose levels in roots and pollen tubes, but no differences were observed in GalA or xylose contents. 28062750 6 1 theme organs 1001:1006 arg1 walls 986:990 Cell walls 981:990 Cell walls of other organs and cells 981:1016 Cell walls of other organs and cells had lower arabinose levels in roots and pollen tubes, but no differences were observed in GalA or xylose contents. 28062750 3 2 theme Golgi-localized 467:481 arg1 transporter 492:502 the Golgi-localized UDP-GlcA transporter 463:502 the Golgi-localized UDP-GlcA transporter 463:502 To identify the Golgi-localized UDP-GlcA transporter, we screened Arabidopsis thaliana mutants in genes coding for putative nucleotide sugar transporters for altered seed mucilage, a structure rich in the GalA-containing polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I. 28062750 0 3 theme Polysaccharide 74:87 arg1 Composition 89:99 the Polysaccharide Composition 70:99 the Polysaccharide Composition of Arabidopsis Seed Mucilage 70:128 UUAT1 Is a Golgi-Localized UDP-Uronic Acid Transporter That Modulates the Polysaccharide Composition of Arabidopsis Seed Mucilage. 28062750 3 4 theme polysaccharide 672:685 arg1 rhamnogalacturonan 687:704 the GalA-containing polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I 652:706 the GalA-containing polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I 652:706 To identify the Golgi-localized UDP-GlcA transporter, we screened Arabidopsis thaliana mutants in genes coding for putative nucleotide sugar transporters for altered seed mucilage, a structure rich in the GalA-containing polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I. 28062750 7 5 from content 1155:1161 arg1 stem 1188:1191 the stem 1184:1191 the stem 1184:1191 Furthermore, the GlcA content of glucuronoxylan in the stem was not affected in the mutant. 28062750 5 6 contain had 862:864 arg1 coat 840:843 The seed coat 831:843 The seed coat of uuat1 mutants 831:860 The seed coat of uuat1 mutants had less GalA, rhamnose, and xylose in the soluble mucilage, and the distal cell walls had decreased arabinan content. 28062750 5 6 contain had 862:864 arg2 rhamnose 877:884 rhamnose 877:884 rhamnose 877:884 The seed coat of uuat1 mutants had less GalA, rhamnose, and xylose in the soluble mucilage, and the distal cell walls had decreased arabinan content. 28062750 5 6 contain had 862:864 arg2 GalA 871:874 GalA 871:874 GalA 871:874 The seed coat of uuat1 mutants had less GalA, rhamnose, and xylose in the soluble mucilage, and the distal cell walls had decreased arabinan content. 28062750 5 6 contain had 862:864 arg2 xylose 891:896 xylose 891:896 xylose 891:896 The seed coat of uuat1 mutants had less GalA, rhamnose, and xylose in the soluble mucilage, and the distal cell walls had decreased arabinan content. 28062750 3 7 theme UDP-GlcA 483:490 arg1 transporter 492:502 the Golgi-localized UDP-GlcA transporter 463:502 the Golgi-localized UDP-GlcA transporter 463:502 To identify the Golgi-localized UDP-GlcA transporter, we screened Arabidopsis thaliana mutants in genes coding for putative nucleotide sugar transporters for altered seed mucilage, a structure rich in the GalA-containing polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I. 28062750 5 8 contain had 949:951 arg1 walls 943:947 the distal cell walls 927:947 the distal cell walls 927:947 The seed coat of uuat1 mutants had less GalA, rhamnose, and xylose in the soluble mucilage, and the distal cell walls had decreased arabinan content. 28062750 5 8 contain had 949:951 arg2 content 972:978 decreased arabinan content 953:978 decreased arabinan content 953:978 The seed coat of uuat1 mutants had less GalA, rhamnose, and xylose in the soluble mucilage, and the distal cell walls had decreased arabinan content. 28062750 1 9 theme seed 253:256 arg1 mucilage 258:265 seed mucilage 253:265 seed mucilage 253:265 UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) is the precursor of many plant cell wall polysaccharides and is required for production of seed mucilage. 28062750 0 10 theme Arabidopsis 104:114 arg1 Mucilage 121:128 Arabidopsis Seed Mucilage 104:128 Arabidopsis Seed Mucilage 104:128 UUAT1 Is a Golgi-Localized UDP-Uronic Acid Transporter That Modulates the Polysaccharide Composition of Arabidopsis Seed Mucilage. 28062750 8 11 dep uuat1 1296:1300 arg1 suggest 1316:1322 suggest 1316:1322 suggest that this UDP-GlcA transporter plays a key role defining the seed mucilage sugar composition and that its absence produces pleiotropic effects in this component of the plant extracellular matrix 1316:1517 Interestingly, the degree of homogalacturonan methylation increased in uuat1 These results suggest that this UDP-GlcA transporter plays a key role defining the seed mucilage sugar composition and that its absence produces pleiotropic effects in this component of the plant extracellular matrix. 28062750 3 12 theme Arabidopsis 517:527 arg1 mutants 538:544 Arabidopsis thaliana mutants 517:544 Arabidopsis thaliana mutants in genes coding for putative nucleotide sugar transporters for altered seed mucilage, a structure rich in the GalA-containing polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I 517:706 To identify the Golgi-localized UDP-GlcA transporter, we screened Arabidopsis thaliana mutants in genes coding for putative nucleotide sugar transporters for altered seed mucilage, a structure rich in the GalA-containing polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I. 28062750 1 13 theme mucilage 258:265 arg1 production 239:248 production 239:248 production of seed mucilage 239:265 UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) is the precursor of many plant cell wall polysaccharides and is required for production of seed mucilage. 28062750 8 14 theme homogalacturonan 1254:1269 arg1 methylation 1271:1281 homogalacturonan methylation 1254:1281 homogalacturonan methylation 1254:1281 Interestingly, the degree of homogalacturonan methylation increased in uuat1 These results suggest that this UDP-GlcA transporter plays a key role defining the seed mucilage sugar composition and that its absence produces pleiotropic effects in this component of the plant extracellular matrix. 28062750 7 15 theme glucuronoxylan 1166:1179 arg1 content 1155:1161 the GlcA content 1146:1161 the GlcA content of glucuronoxylan in the stem 1146:1191 Furthermore, the GlcA content of glucuronoxylan in the stem was not affected in the mutant. 28062750 0 16 theme Mucilage 121:128 arg1 Composition 89:99 the Polysaccharide Composition 70:99 the Polysaccharide Composition of Arabidopsis Seed Mucilage 70:128 UUAT1 Is a Golgi-Localized UDP-Uronic Acid Transporter That Modulates the Polysaccharide Composition of Arabidopsis Seed Mucilage. 28062750 3 17 from mutants 538:544 arg1 genes 549:553 genes 549:553 genes coding for putative nucleotide sugar transporters for altered seed mucilage, a structure rich in the GalA-containing polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I 549:706 To identify the Golgi-localized UDP-GlcA transporter, we screened Arabidopsis thaliana mutants in genes coding for putative nucleotide sugar transporters for altered seed mucilage, a structure rich in the GalA-containing polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I. 28062750 2 18 theme UDP-galacturonic 386:401 arg1 UDP-GalA 409:416 UDP-GalA 409:416 UDP-GalA 409:416 Following synthesis in the cytosol, it is transported into the lumen of the Golgi apparatus, where it is converted to UDP-galacturonic acid (UDP-GalA), UDP-arabinose, and UDP-xylose. 28062750 2 18 theme UDP-galacturonic 386:401 arg1 acid 403:406 UDP-galacturonic acid 386:406 UDP-galacturonic acid (UDP-GalA) 386:417 Following synthesis in the cytosol, it is transported into the lumen of the Golgi apparatus, where it is converted to UDP-galacturonic acid (UDP-GalA), UDP-arabinose, and UDP-xylose. 28062750 4 19 theme Golgi-localized 759:773 arg1 UUAT1 736:740 UUAT1 736:740 UUAT1 736:740 As a result, we identified UUAT1, which encodes a Golgi-localized protein that transports UDP-GlcA and UDP-GalA in vitro. 28062750 4 19 theme Golgi-localized 759:773 arg1 protein 775:781 a Golgi-localized protein 757:781 a Golgi-localized protein that transports UDP-GlcA and UDP-GalA in vitro 757:828 As a result, we identified UUAT1, which encodes a Golgi-localized protein that transports UDP-GlcA and UDP-GalA in vitro. 28062750 5 20 theme mutants 854:860 arg1 coat 840:843 The seed coat 831:843 The seed coat of uuat1 mutants 831:860 The seed coat of uuat1 mutants had less GalA, rhamnose, and xylose in the soluble mucilage, and the distal cell walls had decreased arabinan content. 28062750 6 21 theme arabinose 1028:1036 arg1 levels 1038:1043 lower arabinose levels 1022:1043 lower arabinose levels in roots and pollen tubes 1022:1069 Cell walls of other organs and cells had lower arabinose levels in roots and pollen tubes, but no differences were observed in GalA or xylose contents. 28062750 0 22 theme Seed 116:119 arg1 Mucilage 121:128 Arabidopsis Seed Mucilage 104:128 Arabidopsis Seed Mucilage 104:128 UUAT1 Is a Golgi-Localized UDP-Uronic Acid Transporter That Modulates the Polysaccharide Composition of Arabidopsis Seed Mucilage. 28062750 5 23 theme cell 938:941 arg1 walls 943:947 the distal cell walls 927:947 the distal cell walls 927:947 The seed coat of uuat1 mutants had less GalA, rhamnose, and xylose in the soluble mucilage, and the distal cell walls had decreased arabinan content. 28062750 8 24 theme sugar 1399:1403 arg1 composition 1405:1415 the seed mucilage sugar composition 1381:1415 the seed mucilage sugar composition 1381:1415 Interestingly, the degree of homogalacturonan methylation increased in uuat1 These results suggest that this UDP-GlcA transporter plays a key role defining the seed mucilage sugar composition and that its absence produces pleiotropic effects in this component of the plant extracellular matrix. 28062750 5 25 theme uuat1 848:852 arg1 mutants 854:860 uuat1 mutants 848:860 uuat1 mutants 848:860 The seed coat of uuat1 mutants had less GalA, rhamnose, and xylose in the soluble mucilage, and the distal cell walls had decreased arabinan content. 28062750 7 26 theme GlcA 1150:1153 arg1 content 1155:1161 the GlcA content 1146:1161 the GlcA content of glucuronoxylan in the stem 1146:1191 Furthermore, the GlcA content of glucuronoxylan in the stem was not affected in the mutant. 28062750 1 27 theme many 182:185 arg1 polysaccharides 203:217 many plant cell wall polysaccharides 182:217 many plant cell wall polysaccharides 182:217 UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) is the precursor of many plant cell wall polysaccharides and is required for production of seed mucilage. 28062750 8 28 theme pleiotropic 1447:1457 arg1 effects 1459:1465 pleiotropic effects 1447:1465 pleiotropic effects 1447:1465 Interestingly, the degree of homogalacturonan methylation increased in uuat1 These results suggest that this UDP-GlcA transporter plays a key role defining the seed mucilage sugar composition and that its absence produces pleiotropic effects in this component of the plant extracellular matrix. 28062750 5 29 theme soluble 905:911 arg1 mucilage 913:920 the soluble mucilage 901:920 the soluble mucilage 901:920 The seed coat of uuat1 mutants had less GalA, rhamnose, and xylose in the soluble mucilage, and the distal cell walls had decreased arabinan content. 28062750 1 30 theme plant 187:191 arg1 polysaccharides 203:217 many plant cell wall polysaccharides 182:217 many plant cell wall polysaccharides 182:217 UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) is the precursor of many plant cell wall polysaccharides and is required for production of seed mucilage. 28062750 0 31 theme Golgi-Localized 11:25 arg1 UUAT1 0:4 UUAT1 0:4 UUAT1 0:4 UUAT1 Is a Golgi-Localized UDP-Uronic Acid Transporter That Modulates the Polysaccharide Composition of Arabidopsis Seed Mucilage. 28062750 0 31 theme Golgi-Localized 11:25 arg1 Transporter 43:53 a Golgi-Localized UDP-Uronic Acid Transporter 9:53 a Golgi-Localized UDP-Uronic Acid Transporter That Modulates the Polysaccharide Composition of Arabidopsis Seed Mucilage 9:128 UUAT1 Is a Golgi-Localized UDP-Uronic Acid Transporter That Modulates the Polysaccharide Composition of Arabidopsis Seed Mucilage. 28062750 8 32 theme UDP-GlcA 1334:1341 arg1 transporter 1343:1353 this UDP-GlcA transporter 1329:1353 this UDP-GlcA transporter 1329:1353 Interestingly, the degree of homogalacturonan methylation increased in uuat1 These results suggest that this UDP-GlcA transporter plays a key role defining the seed mucilage sugar composition and that its absence produces pleiotropic effects in this component of the plant extracellular matrix. 28062750 6 33 theme other 995:999 arg1 organs 1001:1006 other organs 995:1006 other organs 995:1006 Cell walls of other organs and cells had lower arabinose levels in roots and pollen tubes, but no differences were observed in GalA or xylose contents. 28062750 1 34 theme cell 193:196 arg1 polysaccharides 203:217 many plant cell wall polysaccharides 182:217 many plant cell wall polysaccharides 182:217 UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) is the precursor of many plant cell wall polysaccharides and is required for production of seed mucilage. 28062750 8 35 theme extracellular 1498:1510 arg1 matrix 1512:1517 the plant extracellular matrix 1488:1517 the plant extracellular matrix 1488:1517 Interestingly, the degree of homogalacturonan methylation increased in uuat1 These results suggest that this UDP-GlcA transporter plays a key role defining the seed mucilage sugar composition and that its absence produces pleiotropic effects in this component of the plant extracellular matrix. 28062750 5 36 theme distal 931:936 arg1 walls 943:947 the distal cell walls 927:947 the distal cell walls 927:947 The seed coat of uuat1 mutants had less GalA, rhamnose, and xylose in the soluble mucilage, and the distal cell walls had decreased arabinan content. 28062750 6 37 theme xylose 1116:1121 arg1 contents 1123:1130 xylose contents 1116:1130 xylose contents 1116:1130 Cell walls of other organs and cells had lower arabinose levels in roots and pollen tubes, but no differences were observed in GalA or xylose contents. 28062750 1 38 theme wall 198:201 arg1 polysaccharides 203:217 many plant cell wall polysaccharides 182:217 many plant cell wall polysaccharides 182:217 UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) is the precursor of many plant cell wall polysaccharides and is required for production of seed mucilage. 28062750 0 39 theme Acid 38:41 arg1 UUAT1 0:4 UUAT1 0:4 UUAT1 0:4 UUAT1 Is a Golgi-Localized UDP-Uronic Acid Transporter That Modulates the Polysaccharide Composition of Arabidopsis Seed Mucilage. 28062750 0 39 theme Acid 38:41 arg1 Transporter 43:53 a Golgi-Localized UDP-Uronic Acid Transporter 9:53 a Golgi-Localized UDP-Uronic Acid Transporter That Modulates the Polysaccharide Composition of Arabidopsis Seed Mucilage 9:128 UUAT1 Is a Golgi-Localized UDP-Uronic Acid Transporter That Modulates the Polysaccharide Composition of Arabidopsis Seed Mucilage. 28062750 8 40 theme plant 1492:1496 arg1 matrix 1512:1517 the plant extracellular matrix 1488:1517 the plant extracellular matrix 1488:1517 Interestingly, the degree of homogalacturonan methylation increased in uuat1 These results suggest that this UDP-GlcA transporter plays a key role defining the seed mucilage sugar composition and that its absence produces pleiotropic effects in this component of the plant extracellular matrix. 28062750 5 41 theme seed 835:838 arg1 coat 840:843 The seed coat 831:843 The seed coat of uuat1 mutants 831:860 The seed coat of uuat1 mutants had less GalA, rhamnose, and xylose in the soluble mucilage, and the distal cell walls had decreased arabinan content. 28062750 3 42 theme nucleotide 575:584 arg1 transporters 592:603 putative nucleotide sugar transporters 566:603 putative nucleotide sugar transporters for altered seed mucilage, a structure rich in the GalA-containing polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I 566:706 To identify the Golgi-localized UDP-GlcA transporter, we screened Arabidopsis thaliana mutants in genes coding for putative nucleotide sugar transporters for altered seed mucilage, a structure rich in the GalA-containing polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I. 28062750 6 43 theme cells 1012:1016 arg1 walls 986:990 Cell walls 981:990 Cell walls of other organs and cells 981:1016 Cell walls of other organs and cells had lower arabinose levels in roots and pollen tubes, but no differences were observed in GalA or xylose contents. 28062750 1 44 theme polysaccharides 203:217 arg1 acid 146:149 UDP-glucuronic acid 131:149 UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) 131:160 UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) is the precursor of many plant cell wall polysaccharides and is required for production of seed mucilage. 28062750 1 44 theme polysaccharides 203:217 arg1 precursor 169:177 the precursor 165:177 the precursor of many plant cell wall polysaccharides 165:217 UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) is the precursor of many plant cell wall polysaccharides and is required for production of seed mucilage. 28062750 0 45 theme UDP-Uronic 27:36 arg1 UUAT1 0:4 UUAT1 0:4 UUAT1 0:4 UUAT1 Is a Golgi-Localized UDP-Uronic Acid Transporter That Modulates the Polysaccharide Composition of Arabidopsis Seed Mucilage. 28062750 0 45 theme UDP-Uronic 27:36 arg1 Transporter 43:53 a Golgi-Localized UDP-Uronic Acid Transporter 9:53 a Golgi-Localized UDP-Uronic Acid Transporter That Modulates the Polysaccharide Composition of Arabidopsis Seed Mucilage 9:128 UUAT1 Is a Golgi-Localized UDP-Uronic Acid Transporter That Modulates the Polysaccharide Composition of Arabidopsis Seed Mucilage. 28062750 3 46 from rhamnogalacturonan 687:704 arg1 rich 644:647 rich 644:647 rich 644:647 To identify the Golgi-localized UDP-GlcA transporter, we screened Arabidopsis thaliana mutants in genes coding for putative nucleotide sugar transporters for altered seed mucilage, a structure rich in the GalA-containing polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I. 28062750 8 47 theme mucilage 1390:1397 arg1 composition 1405:1415 the seed mucilage sugar composition 1381:1415 the seed mucilage sugar composition 1381:1415 Interestingly, the degree of homogalacturonan methylation increased in uuat1 These results suggest that this UDP-GlcA transporter plays a key role defining the seed mucilage sugar composition and that its absence produces pleiotropic effects in this component of the plant extracellular matrix. 28062750 3 48 theme sugar 586:590 arg1 transporters 592:603 putative nucleotide sugar transporters 566:603 putative nucleotide sugar transporters for altered seed mucilage, a structure rich in the GalA-containing polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I 566:706 To identify the Golgi-localized UDP-GlcA transporter, we screened Arabidopsis thaliana mutants in genes coding for putative nucleotide sugar transporters for altered seed mucilage, a structure rich in the GalA-containing polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I. 28062750 8 49 theme matrix 1512:1517 arg1 component 1475:1483 this component 1470:1483 this component of the plant extracellular matrix 1470:1517 Interestingly, the degree of homogalacturonan methylation increased in uuat1 These results suggest that this UDP-GlcA transporter plays a key role defining the seed mucilage sugar composition and that its absence produces pleiotropic effects in this component of the plant extracellular matrix. 28062750 8 50 theme methylation 1271:1281 arg1 degree 1244:1249 the degree 1240:1249 the degree of homogalacturonan methylation 1240:1281 Interestingly, the degree of homogalacturonan methylation increased in uuat1 These results suggest that this UDP-GlcA transporter plays a key role defining the seed mucilage sugar composition and that its absence produces pleiotropic effects in this component of the plant extracellular matrix. 28062750 8 51 theme seed 1385:1388 arg1 composition 1405:1415 the seed mucilage sugar composition 1381:1415 the seed mucilage sugar composition 1381:1415 Interestingly, the degree of homogalacturonan methylation increased in uuat1 These results suggest that this UDP-GlcA transporter plays a key role defining the seed mucilage sugar composition and that its absence produces pleiotropic effects in this component of the plant extracellular matrix. 28062750 3 52 theme putative 566:573 arg1 transporters 592:603 putative nucleotide sugar transporters 566:603 putative nucleotide sugar transporters for altered seed mucilage, a structure rich in the GalA-containing polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I 566:706 To identify the Golgi-localized UDP-GlcA transporter, we screened Arabidopsis thaliana mutants in genes coding for putative nucleotide sugar transporters for altered seed mucilage, a structure rich in the GalA-containing polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I. 28062750 1 53 theme UDP-glucuronic 131:144 arg1 acid 146:149 UDP-glucuronic acid 131:149 UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) 131:160 UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) is the precursor of many plant cell wall polysaccharides and is required for production of seed mucilage. 28062750 1 53 theme UDP-glucuronic 131:144 arg1 precursor 169:177 the precursor 165:177 the precursor of many plant cell wall polysaccharides 165:217 UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) is the precursor of many plant cell wall polysaccharides and is required for production of seed mucilage. 28062750 1 53 theme UDP-glucuronic 131:144 arg1 UDP-GlcA 152:159 UDP-GlcA 152:159 UDP-GlcA 152:159 UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) is the precursor of many plant cell wall polysaccharides and is required for production of seed mucilage. 28062750 2 54 from synthesis 278:286 arg1 cytosol 295:301 the cytosol 291:301 the cytosol 291:301 Following synthesis in the cytosol, it is transported into the lumen of the Golgi apparatus, where it is converted to UDP-galacturonic acid (UDP-GalA), UDP-arabinose, and UDP-xylose. 28062750 8 55 theme key 1363:1365 arg1 role 1367:1370 a key role 1361:1370 a key role 1361:1370 Interestingly, the degree of homogalacturonan methylation increased in uuat1 These results suggest that this UDP-GlcA transporter plays a key role defining the seed mucilage sugar composition and that its absence produces pleiotropic effects in this component of the plant extracellular matrix. 28062750 3 56 theme GalA-containing 656:670 arg1 rhamnogalacturonan 687:704 the GalA-containing polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I 652:706 the GalA-containing polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I 652:706 To identify the Golgi-localized UDP-GlcA transporter, we screened Arabidopsis thaliana mutants in genes coding for putative nucleotide sugar transporters for altered seed mucilage, a structure rich in the GalA-containing polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I. 28062750 3 57 theme altered 609:615 arg1 mucilage 622:629 altered seed mucilage 609:629 altered seed mucilage 609:629 To identify the Golgi-localized UDP-GlcA transporter, we screened Arabidopsis thaliana mutants in genes coding for putative nucleotide sugar transporters for altered seed mucilage, a structure rich in the GalA-containing polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I. 28062750 3 57 theme altered 609:615 arg1 structure 634:642 a structure 632:642 a structure rich in the GalA-containing polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I 632:706 To identify the Golgi-localized UDP-GlcA transporter, we screened Arabidopsis thaliana mutants in genes coding for putative nucleotide sugar transporters for altered seed mucilage, a structure rich in the GalA-containing polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I. 28062750 6 58 theme Cell 981:984 arg1 walls 986:990 Cell walls 981:990 Cell walls of other organs and cells 981:1016 Cell walls of other organs and cells had lower arabinose levels in roots and pollen tubes, but no differences were observed in GalA or xylose contents. 28062750 3 59 dep Arabidopsis 517:527 arg1 thaliana 529:536 thaliana 529:536 thaliana 529:536 To identify the Golgi-localized UDP-GlcA transporter, we screened Arabidopsis thaliana mutants in genes coding for putative nucleotide sugar transporters for altered seed mucilage, a structure rich in the GalA-containing polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I. 28062750 3 60 theme rich 644:647 arg1 mucilage 622:629 altered seed mucilage 609:629 altered seed mucilage 609:629 To identify the Golgi-localized UDP-GlcA transporter, we screened Arabidopsis thaliana mutants in genes coding for putative nucleotide sugar transporters for altered seed mucilage, a structure rich in the GalA-containing polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I. 28062750 3 60 theme rich 644:647 arg1 structure 634:642 a structure 632:642 a structure rich in the GalA-containing polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I 632:706 To identify the Golgi-localized UDP-GlcA transporter, we screened Arabidopsis thaliana mutants in genes coding for putative nucleotide sugar transporters for altered seed mucilage, a structure rich in the GalA-containing polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I. 28062750 3 61 theme seed 617:620 arg1 mucilage 622:629 altered seed mucilage 609:629 altered seed mucilage 609:629 To identify the Golgi-localized UDP-GlcA transporter, we screened Arabidopsis thaliana mutants in genes coding for putative nucleotide sugar transporters for altered seed mucilage, a structure rich in the GalA-containing polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I. 28062750 3 61 theme seed 617:620 arg1 structure 634:642 a structure 632:642 a structure rich in the GalA-containing polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I 632:706 To identify the Golgi-localized UDP-GlcA transporter, we screened Arabidopsis thaliana mutants in genes coding for putative nucleotide sugar transporters for altered seed mucilage, a structure rich in the GalA-containing polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I. 28062750 6 62 theme pollen 1058:1063 arg1 tubes 1065:1069 pollen tubes 1058:1069 pollen tubes 1058:1069 Cell walls of other organs and cells had lower arabinose levels in roots and pollen tubes, but no differences were observed in GalA or xylose contents. 28062750 6 63 located observed 1096:1103 arg1 GalA 1108:1111 GalA 1108:1111 GalA 1108:1111 Cell walls of other organs and cells had lower arabinose levels in roots and pollen tubes, but no differences were observed in GalA or xylose contents. 28062750 6 63 located observed 1096:1103 arg1 contents 1123:1130 xylose contents 1116:1130 xylose contents 1116:1130 Cell walls of other organs and cells had lower arabinose levels in roots and pollen tubes, but no differences were observed in GalA or xylose contents. 28062750 6 63 located observed 1096:1103 arg2 differences 1079:1089 no differences 1076:1089 no differences 1076:1089 Cell walls of other organs and cells had lower arabinose levels in roots and pollen tubes, but no differences were observed in GalA or xylose contents. 28062750 3 64 from rich 644:647 arg1 rhamnogalacturonan 687:704 the GalA-containing polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I 652:706 the GalA-containing polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I 652:706 To identify the Golgi-localized UDP-GlcA transporter, we screened Arabidopsis thaliana mutants in genes coding for putative nucleotide sugar transporters for altered seed mucilage, a structure rich in the GalA-containing polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I. 28062750 5 65 theme decreased 953:961 arg1 content 972:978 decreased arabinan content 953:978 decreased arabinan content 953:978 The seed coat of uuat1 mutants had less GalA, rhamnose, and xylose in the soluble mucilage, and the distal cell walls had decreased arabinan content. 28062750 6 66 from levels 1038:1043 arg1 roots 1048:1052 roots 1048:1052 roots 1048:1052 Cell walls of other organs and cells had lower arabinose levels in roots and pollen tubes, but no differences were observed in GalA or xylose contents. 28062750 6 66 from levels 1038:1043 arg1 tubes 1065:1069 pollen tubes 1058:1069 pollen tubes 1058:1069 Cell walls of other organs and cells had lower arabinose levels in roots and pollen tubes, but no differences were observed in GalA or xylose contents. 28062750 2 67 theme apparatus 350:358 arg1 lumen 331:335 the lumen 327:335 the lumen 327:335 Following synthesis in the cytosol, it is transported into the lumen of the Golgi apparatus, where it is converted to UDP-galacturonic acid (UDP-GalA), UDP-arabinose, and UDP-xylose. 28062750 6 68 theme lower 1022:1026 arg1 levels 1038:1043 lower arabinose levels 1022:1043 lower arabinose levels in roots and pollen tubes 1022:1069 Cell walls of other organs and cells had lower arabinose levels in roots and pollen tubes, but no differences were observed in GalA or xylose contents. 28062750 5 69 theme arabinan 963:970 arg1 content 972:978 decreased arabinan content 953:978 decreased arabinan content 953:978 The seed coat of uuat1 mutants had less GalA, rhamnose, and xylose in the soluble mucilage, and the distal cell walls had decreased arabinan content. 28062750 2 70 theme Golgi 344:348 arg1 apparatus 350:358 the Golgi apparatus 340:358 the Golgi apparatus 340:358 Following synthesis in the cytosol, it is transported into the lumen of the Golgi apparatus, where it is converted to UDP-galacturonic acid (UDP-GalA), UDP-arabinose, and UDP-xylose. 26432364 0 0 theme Musa 84:87 arg1 starch 93:98 Musa AAB starch 84:98 Musa AAB starch 84:98 Effect of chemical modification on molecular structure and functional properties of Musa AAB starch. 26432364 8 1 theme enthalpy 1094:1101 arg1 value 1103:1107 enthalpy value 1094:1107 enthalpy value of starches 1094:1119 Changes in gelatinisation temperatures and enthalpy value of starches were observed in modified starches and it is varied according to reaction conditions. 26432364 7 2 theme a 927:927 arg1 * 928:928 a* 927:928 a* 927:928 The percentage of colour (L*, a* and b*), solubility and water absorption capacities varied significantly from native starch after chemical modification. 26432364 5 3 from 23.5° 690:694 arg1 peaks 655:659 peaks 655:659 peaks at 2θ=5.5°, 15.0°, 17.1° and 23.5° 655:694 X-ray diffraction pattern of modified starches showed B-type crystalline structure with peaks at 2θ=5.5°, 15.0°, 17.1° and 23.5°; which were parallel with the pattern observed in case of native starch. 26432364 3 4 theme Chemical 310:317 arg1 composition 319:329 Chemical composition 310:329 Chemical composition 310:329 Chemical composition revealed that non-starch components were reduced after chemical treatment. 26432364 7 5 theme native 1008:1013 arg1 starch 1015:1020 native starch 1008:1020 native starch 1008:1020 The percentage of colour (L*, a* and b*), solubility and water absorption capacities varied significantly from native starch after chemical modification. 26432364 4 6 theme Amylose 406:412 arg1 content 414:420 Amylose content 406:420 Amylose content of starch 406:430 Amylose content of starch decreased on acetylation from 24.16% to 20.90%, whereas it increased to 24.50% and 25.5% on oxidation and acid-thinning, respectively. 26432364 4 7 dep % 467:467 arg1 to 469:470 to 469:470 to 469:470 Amylose content of starch decreased on acetylation from 24.16% to 20.90%, whereas it increased to 24.50% and 25.5% on oxidation and acid-thinning, respectively. 26432364 0 8 theme starch 93:98 arg1 structure 45:53 molecular structure 35:53 molecular structure 35:53 Effect of chemical modification on molecular structure and functional properties of Musa AAB starch. 26432364 0 8 theme starch 93:98 arg1 properties 70:79 functional properties 59:79 functional properties 59:79 Effect of chemical modification on molecular structure and functional properties of Musa AAB starch. 26432364 0 9 from Effect 0:5 arg1 structure 45:53 molecular structure 35:53 molecular structure 35:53 Effect of chemical modification on molecular structure and functional properties of Musa AAB starch. 26432364 0 9 from Effect 0:5 arg1 properties 70:79 functional properties 59:79 functional properties 59:79 Effect of chemical modification on molecular structure and functional properties of Musa AAB starch. 26432364 7 10 theme colour 915:920 arg1 capacities 971:980 colour (L*, a* and b*), solubility and water absorption capacities 915:980 colour (L*, a* and b*), solubility and water absorption capacities 915:980 The percentage of colour (L*, a* and b*), solubility and water absorption capacities varied significantly from native starch after chemical modification. 26432364 5 11 from 17.1° 680:684 arg1 peaks 655:659 peaks 655:659 peaks at 2θ=5.5°, 15.0°, 17.1° and 23.5° 655:694 X-ray diffraction pattern of modified starches showed B-type crystalline structure with peaks at 2θ=5.5°, 15.0°, 17.1° and 23.5°; which were parallel with the pattern observed in case of native starch. 26432364 0 12 theme AAB 89:91 arg1 starch 93:98 Musa AAB starch 84:98 Musa AAB starch 84:98 Effect of chemical modification on molecular structure and functional properties of Musa AAB starch. 26432364 6 13 theme Swelling 769:776 arg1 capacity 778:785 Swelling capacity 769:785 Swelling capacity of starch granules 769:804 Swelling capacity of starch granules was found to reduce by acid-thinning and oxidation but acetylation induced to increase it. 26432364 2 14 theme functional 263:272 arg1 properties 274:283 functional properties 263:283 functional properties 263:283 The effect of the treatments on molecular structure and functional properties of starch were analysed. 26432364 4 15 theme 20.90 472:476 arg1 % 467:467 % 467:467 % 467:467 Amylose content of starch decreased on acetylation from 24.16% to 20.90%, whereas it increased to 24.50% and 25.5% on oxidation and acid-thinning, respectively. 26432364 5 16 theme starches 605:612 arg1 pattern 585:591 X-ray diffraction pattern 567:591 X-ray diffraction pattern of modified starches 567:612 X-ray diffraction pattern of modified starches showed B-type crystalline structure with peaks at 2θ=5.5°, 15.0°, 17.1° and 23.5°; which were parallel with the pattern observed in case of native starch. 26432364 5 17 theme modified 596:603 arg1 starches 605:612 modified starches 596:612 modified starches 596:612 X-ray diffraction pattern of modified starches showed B-type crystalline structure with peaks at 2θ=5.5°, 15.0°, 17.1° and 23.5°; which were parallel with the pattern observed in case of native starch. 26432364 3 18 theme non-starch 345:354 arg1 components 356:365 non-starch components 345:365 non-starch components 345:365 Chemical composition revealed that non-starch components were reduced after chemical treatment. 26432364 4 19 from % 519:519 arg1 oxidation 524:532 oxidation 524:532 oxidation 524:532 Amylose content of starch decreased on acetylation from 24.16% to 20.90%, whereas it increased to 24.50% and 25.5% on oxidation and acid-thinning, respectively. 26432364 4 19 from % 519:519 arg1 acid-thinning 538:550 acid-thinning 538:550 acid-thinning 538:550 Amylose content of starch decreased on acetylation from 24.16% to 20.90%, whereas it increased to 24.50% and 25.5% on oxidation and acid-thinning, respectively. 26432364 8 20 located observed 1126:1133 arg2 Changes 1051:1057 Changes 1051:1057 Changes in gelatinisation temperatures 1051:1088 Changes in gelatinisation temperatures and enthalpy value of starches were observed in modified starches and it is varied according to reaction conditions. 26432364 8 20 located observed 1126:1133 arg1 starches 1147:1154 modified starches 1138:1154 modified starches 1138:1154 Changes in gelatinisation temperatures and enthalpy value of starches were observed in modified starches and it is varied according to reaction conditions. 26432364 8 20 located observed 1126:1133 arg2 value 1103:1107 enthalpy value 1094:1107 enthalpy value of starches 1094:1119 Changes in gelatinisation temperatures and enthalpy value of starches were observed in modified starches and it is varied according to reaction conditions. 26432364 3 21 theme chemical 386:393 arg1 treatment 395:403 chemical treatment 386:403 chemical treatment 386:403 Chemical composition revealed that non-starch components were reduced after chemical treatment. 26432364 5 22 theme B-type 621:626 arg1 structure 640:648 B-type crystalline structure 621:648 B-type crystalline structure 621:648 X-ray diffraction pattern of modified starches showed B-type crystalline structure with peaks at 2θ=5.5°, 15.0°, 17.1° and 23.5°; which were parallel with the pattern observed in case of native starch. 26432364 2 23 from effect 211:216 arg1 structure 249:257 molecular structure 239:257 molecular structure 239:257 The effect of the treatments on molecular structure and functional properties of starch were analysed. 26432364 2 23 from effect 211:216 arg1 properties 274:283 functional properties 263:283 functional properties 263:283 The effect of the treatments on molecular structure and functional properties of starch were analysed. 26432364 5 24 theme crystalline 628:638 arg1 structure 640:648 B-type crystalline structure 621:648 B-type crystalline structure 621:648 X-ray diffraction pattern of modified starches showed B-type crystalline structure with peaks at 2θ=5.5°, 15.0°, 17.1° and 23.5°; which were parallel with the pattern observed in case of native starch. 26432364 8 25 theme reaction 1186:1193 arg1 conditions 1195:1204 reaction conditions 1186:1204 reaction conditions 1186:1204 Changes in gelatinisation temperatures and enthalpy value of starches were observed in modified starches and it is varied according to reaction conditions. 26432364 0 26 theme modification 19:30 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of chemical modification on molecular structure and functional properties of Musa AAB starch. 0:99 Effect of chemical modification on molecular structure and functional properties of Musa AAB starch. 26432364 5 27 theme X-ray 567:571 arg1 pattern 585:591 X-ray diffraction pattern 567:591 X-ray diffraction pattern of modified starches 567:612 X-ray diffraction pattern of modified starches showed B-type crystalline structure with peaks at 2θ=5.5°, 15.0°, 17.1° and 23.5°; which were parallel with the pattern observed in case of native starch. 26432364 2 28 theme starch 288:293 arg1 structure 249:257 molecular structure 239:257 molecular structure 239:257 The effect of the treatments on molecular structure and functional properties of starch were analysed. 26432364 2 28 theme starch 288:293 arg1 properties 274:283 functional properties 263:283 functional properties 263:283 The effect of the treatments on molecular structure and functional properties of starch were analysed. 26432364 5 29 theme diffraction 573:583 arg1 pattern 585:591 X-ray diffraction pattern 567:591 X-ray diffraction pattern of modified starches 567:612 X-ray diffraction pattern of modified starches showed B-type crystalline structure with peaks at 2θ=5.5°, 15.0°, 17.1° and 23.5°; which were parallel with the pattern observed in case of native starch. 26432364 0 30 theme chemical 10:17 arg1 modification 19:30 chemical modification 10:30 chemical modification 10:30 Effect of chemical modification on molecular structure and functional properties of Musa AAB starch. 26432364 4 31 theme 24.16 462:466 arg1 % 467:467 % 467:467 % 467:467 Amylose content of starch decreased on acetylation from 24.16% to 20.90%, whereas it increased to 24.50% and 25.5% on oxidation and acid-thinning, respectively. 26432364 0 32 theme molecular 35:43 arg1 structure 45:53 molecular structure 35:53 molecular structure 35:53 Effect of chemical modification on molecular structure and functional properties of Musa AAB starch. 26432364 7 33 theme capacities 971:980 arg1 percentage 901:910 The percentage 897:910 The percentage of colour (L*, a* and b*), solubility and water absorption capacities 897:980 The percentage of colour (L*, a* and b*), solubility and water absorption capacities varied significantly from native starch after chemical modification. 26432364 5 34 with parallel 708:715 arg1 pattern 726:732 the pattern 722:732 the pattern observed in case of native starch 722:766 X-ray diffraction pattern of modified starches showed B-type crystalline structure with peaks at 2θ=5.5°, 15.0°, 17.1° and 23.5°; which were parallel with the pattern observed in case of native starch. 26432364 8 35 from Changes 1051:1057 arg1 temperatures 1077:1088 gelatinisation temperatures 1062:1088 gelatinisation temperatures 1062:1088 Changes in gelatinisation temperatures and enthalpy value of starches were observed in modified starches and it is varied according to reaction conditions. 26432364 8 36 theme starches 1112:1119 arg1 Changes 1051:1057 Changes 1051:1057 Changes in gelatinisation temperatures 1051:1088 Changes in gelatinisation temperatures and enthalpy value of starches were observed in modified starches and it is varied according to reaction conditions. 26432364 8 36 theme starches 1112:1119 arg1 value 1103:1107 enthalpy value 1094:1107 enthalpy value of starches 1094:1119 Changes in gelatinisation temperatures and enthalpy value of starches were observed in modified starches and it is varied according to reaction conditions. 26432364 5 37 theme native 754:759 arg1 starch 761:766 native starch 754:766 native starch 754:766 X-ray diffraction pattern of modified starches showed B-type crystalline structure with peaks at 2θ=5.5°, 15.0°, 17.1° and 23.5°; which were parallel with the pattern observed in case of native starch. 26432364 7 38 theme water 954:958 arg1 absorption 960:969 water absorption 954:969 water absorption 954:969 The percentage of colour (L*, a* and b*), solubility and water absorption capacities varied significantly from native starch after chemical modification. 26432364 8 39 theme gelatinisation 1062:1075 arg1 temperatures 1077:1088 gelatinisation temperatures 1062:1088 gelatinisation temperatures 1062:1088 Changes in gelatinisation temperatures and enthalpy value of starches were observed in modified starches and it is varied according to reaction conditions. 26432364 9 40 theme starches 1233:1240 arg1 properties 1215:1224 Pasting properties 1207:1224 Pasting properties of the starches 1207:1240 Pasting properties of the starches was increased by acetylation and oxidation while acid-thinning reduced it (P<0.05). 26432364 4 41 from % 509:509 arg1 oxidation 524:532 oxidation 524:532 oxidation 524:532 Amylose content of starch decreased on acetylation from 24.16% to 20.90%, whereas it increased to 24.50% and 25.5% on oxidation and acid-thinning, respectively. 26432364 4 41 from % 509:509 arg1 acid-thinning 538:550 acid-thinning 538:550 acid-thinning 538:550 Amylose content of starch decreased on acetylation from 24.16% to 20.90%, whereas it increased to 24.50% and 25.5% on oxidation and acid-thinning, respectively. 26432364 7 42 theme absorption 960:969 arg1 capacities 971:980 colour (L*, a* and b*), solubility and water absorption capacities 915:980 colour (L*, a* and b*), solubility and water absorption capacities 915:980 The percentage of colour (L*, a* and b*), solubility and water absorption capacities varied significantly from native starch after chemical modification. 26432364 7 43 theme chemical 1028:1035 arg1 modification 1037:1048 chemical modification 1028:1048 chemical modification 1028:1048 The percentage of colour (L*, a* and b*), solubility and water absorption capacities varied significantly from native starch after chemical modification. 26432364 7 44 theme b 934:934 arg1 * 935:935 b* 934:935 b* 934:935 The percentage of colour (L*, a* and b*), solubility and water absorption capacities varied significantly from native starch after chemical modification. 26432364 7 45 dep colour 915:920 arg1 * 928:928 a* 927:928 a* 927:928 The percentage of colour (L*, a* and b*), solubility and water absorption capacities varied significantly from native starch after chemical modification. 26432364 7 45 dep colour 915:920 arg1 * 935:935 b* 934:935 b* 934:935 The percentage of colour (L*, a* and b*), solubility and water absorption capacities varied significantly from native starch after chemical modification. 26432364 7 45 dep colour 915:920 arg1 * 924:924 L* 923:924 L* 923:924 The percentage of colour (L*, a* and b*), solubility and water absorption capacities varied significantly from native starch after chemical modification. 26432364 7 46 theme solubility 939:948 arg1 capacities 971:980 colour (L*, a* and b*), solubility and water absorption capacities 915:980 colour (L*, a* and b*), solubility and water absorption capacities 915:980 The percentage of colour (L*, a* and b*), solubility and water absorption capacities varied significantly from native starch after chemical modification. 26432364 4 47 theme starch 425:430 arg1 content 414:420 Amylose content 406:420 Amylose content of starch 406:430 Amylose content of starch decreased on acetylation from 24.16% to 20.90%, whereas it increased to 24.50% and 25.5% on oxidation and acid-thinning, respectively. 26432364 2 48 theme molecular 239:247 arg1 structure 249:257 molecular structure 239:257 molecular structure 239:257 The effect of the treatments on molecular structure and functional properties of starch were analysed. 26432364 1 49 theme Musa 123:126 arg1 AAB 128:130 Musa AAB 123:130 Musa AAB (poovan banana) 123:146 Starch extracted from Musa AAB (poovan banana) was subjected to acetylation, acid-thinning and oxidation. 26432364 1 49 theme Musa 123:126 arg1 banana 140:145 poovan banana 133:145 poovan banana 133:145 Starch extracted from Musa AAB (poovan banana) was subjected to acetylation, acid-thinning and oxidation. 26432364 5 50 from 15.0° 673:677 arg1 peaks 655:659 peaks 655:659 peaks at 2θ=5.5°, 15.0°, 17.1° and 23.5° 655:694 X-ray diffraction pattern of modified starches showed B-type crystalline structure with peaks at 2θ=5.5°, 15.0°, 17.1° and 23.5°; which were parallel with the pattern observed in case of native starch. 26432364 6 51 theme granules 797:804 arg1 capacity 778:785 Swelling capacity 769:785 Swelling capacity of starch granules 769:804 Swelling capacity of starch granules was found to reduce by acid-thinning and oxidation but acetylation induced to increase it. 26432364 6 52 theme starch 790:795 arg1 granules 797:804 starch granules 790:804 starch granules 790:804 Swelling capacity of starch granules was found to reduce by acid-thinning and oxidation but acetylation induced to increase it. 26432364 2 53 theme treatments 225:234 arg1 effect 211:216 The effect 207:216 The effect of the treatments on molecular structure and functional properties of starch 207:293 The effect of the treatments on molecular structure and functional properties of starch were analysed. 26432364 7 54 theme L 923:923 arg1 * 924:924 L* 923:924 L* 923:924 The percentage of colour (L*, a* and b*), solubility and water absorption capacities varied significantly from native starch after chemical modification. 26432364 9 55 theme Pasting 1207:1213 arg1 properties 1215:1224 Pasting properties 1207:1224 Pasting properties of the starches 1207:1240 Pasting properties of the starches was increased by acetylation and oxidation while acid-thinning reduced it (P<0.05). 26432364 5 56 from 2θ=5.5° 664:670 arg1 peaks 655:659 peaks 655:659 peaks at 2θ=5.5°, 15.0°, 17.1° and 23.5° 655:694 X-ray diffraction pattern of modified starches showed B-type crystalline structure with peaks at 2θ=5.5°, 15.0°, 17.1° and 23.5°; which were parallel with the pattern observed in case of native starch. 26432364 0 57 theme functional 59:68 arg1 properties 70:79 functional properties 59:79 functional properties 59:79 Effect of chemical modification on molecular structure and functional properties of Musa AAB starch. 26432364 8 58 theme modified 1138:1145 arg1 starches 1147:1154 modified starches 1138:1154 modified starches 1138:1154 Changes in gelatinisation temperatures and enthalpy value of starches were observed in modified starches and it is varied according to reaction conditions. 26432364 8 59 from value 1103:1107 arg1 temperatures 1077:1088 gelatinisation temperatures 1062:1088 gelatinisation temperatures 1062:1088 Changes in gelatinisation temperatures and enthalpy value of starches were observed in modified starches and it is varied according to reaction conditions. 26432364 1 60 theme poovan 133:138 arg1 AAB 128:130 Musa AAB 123:130 Musa AAB (poovan banana) 123:146 Starch extracted from Musa AAB (poovan banana) was subjected to acetylation, acid-thinning and oxidation. 26432364 1 60 theme poovan 133:138 arg1 banana 140:145 poovan banana 133:145 poovan banana 133:145 Starch extracted from Musa AAB (poovan banana) was subjected to acetylation, acid-thinning and oxidation. 29278212 4 0 theme monosaccharide 676:689 arg1 composition 691:701 the monosaccharide composition 672:701 the monosaccharide composition of the EPS from B. longum W11 672:731 Moreover, the monosaccharide composition of the EPS from B. longum W11 was detected using HPLC analysis. 29278212 6 1 theme IL-10 1001:1005 arg1 production 963:972 the production 959:972 the production of IL-6 (at 200 µg/mL) and IL-10 (at 100 µg/mL) 959:1020 In not-stimulated-PBMCs, EPS increased the production of IL-6 (at 200 µg/mL) and IL-10 (at 100 µg/mL). 29278212 2 2 dep B. 313:314 arg1 longum 316:321 longum 316:321 longum 316:321 OBJECTIVE The effects of the purified EPS from B. longum W11 on cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) alone or ConA-stimulated were investigated. 29278212 8 3 dep B. 1234:1235 arg1 longum 1237:1242 longum 1237:1242 longum 1237:1242 CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrate the ability of the EPS produced by B. longum W11 to interact in vitro with the human PBMCs, showing an immune-regulatory profile alone and an immune stimulatory profile in ConA-stimulated PBMCs. 29278212 6 4 theme IL-6 977:980 arg1 production 963:972 the production 959:972 the production of IL-6 (at 200 µg/mL) and IL-10 (at 100 µg/mL) 959:1020 In not-stimulated-PBMCs, EPS increased the production of IL-6 (at 200 µg/mL) and IL-10 (at 100 µg/mL). 29278212 7 5 theme small 1124:1128 arg1 rhamnose 1140:1147 rhamnose 1140:1147 rhamnose 1140:1147 The HPLC analysis showed the presence of main monomers, galactose and glucose (ratio 1:1 wt/wt), and small amount of rhamnose. 29278212 7 5 theme small 1124:1128 arg1 amount 1130:1135 small amount 1124:1135 small amount of rhamnose 1124:1147 The HPLC analysis showed the presence of main monomers, galactose and glucose (ratio 1:1 wt/wt), and small amount of rhamnose. 29278212 7 5 theme small 1124:1128 arg1 monomers 1069:1076 main monomers 1064:1076 main monomers 1064:1076 The HPLC analysis showed the presence of main monomers, galactose and glucose (ratio 1:1 wt/wt), and small amount of rhamnose. 29278212 5 6 theme cytokines 869:877 arg1 production 844:853 the production 840:853 the production of the tested cytokines 840:877 RESULTS The results demonstrated the ability of purified EPS to increase the production of the tested cytokines, except IL-10, in ConA-stimulated PBMCs. 29278212 2 7 theme mononuclear 370:380 arg1 cells 382:386 peripheral blood mononuclear cells 353:386 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) 353:394 OBJECTIVE The effects of the purified EPS from B. longum W11 on cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) alone or ConA-stimulated were investigated. 29278212 2 7 theme mononuclear 370:380 arg1 PBMCs 389:393 PBMCs 389:393 PBMCs 389:393 OBJECTIVE The effects of the purified EPS from B. longum W11 on cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) alone or ConA-stimulated were investigated. 29278212 4 8 theme B. 719:720 arg1 W11 729:731 B. longum W11 719:731 B. longum W11 719:731 Moreover, the monosaccharide composition of the EPS from B. longum W11 was detected using HPLC analysis. 29278212 7 9 theme HPLC 1027:1030 arg1 analysis 1032:1039 The HPLC analysis 1023:1039 The HPLC analysis 1023:1039 The HPLC analysis showed the presence of main monomers, galactose and glucose (ratio 1:1 wt/wt), and small amount of rhamnose. 29278212 2 10 theme B. 313:314 arg1 W11 323:325 B. longum W11 313:325 B. longum W11 313:325 OBJECTIVE The effects of the purified EPS from B. longum W11 on cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) alone or ConA-stimulated were investigated. 29278212 9 11 theme B. 1447:1448 arg1 W11 1457:1459 B. longum W11 1447:1459 B. longum W11 in different pathological conditions 1447:1496 This suggests putative applications for the EPS from B. longum W11 in different pathological conditions. 29278212 2 12 theme cytokine 330:337 arg1 production 339:348 cytokine production 330:348 cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) alone 330:400 OBJECTIVE The effects of the purified EPS from B. longum W11 on cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) alone or ConA-stimulated were investigated. 29278212 9 13 theme pathological 1474:1485 arg1 conditions 1487:1496 different pathological conditions 1464:1496 different pathological conditions 1464:1496 This suggests putative applications for the EPS from B. longum W11 in different pathological conditions. 29278212 5 14 dep demonstrated 787:798 arg1 RESULTS 767:773 RESULTS 767:773 RESULTS 767:773 RESULTS The results demonstrated the ability of purified EPS to increase the production of the tested cytokines, except IL-10, in ConA-stimulated PBMCs. 29278212 3 15 theme purified 548:555 arg1 marker 654:659 an immunopotentiating marker 632:659 an immunopotentiating marker 632:659 METHOD The production of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 by PBMCs from healthy adult donors was analysed using purified EPS at two different concentrations (100 µg/mL and 200 µg/mL) and ConA, as an immunopotentiating marker. 29278212 3 15 theme purified 548:555 arg1 EPS 557:559 purified EPS 548:559 purified EPS 548:559 METHOD The production of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 by PBMCs from healthy adult donors was analysed using purified EPS at two different concentrations (100 µg/mL and 200 µg/mL) and ConA, as an immunopotentiating marker. 29278212 7 16 theme 1:1 1108:1110 arg1 galactose 1079:1087 galactose 1079:1087 galactose 1079:1087 The HPLC analysis showed the presence of main monomers, galactose and glucose (ratio 1:1 wt/wt), and small amount of rhamnose. 29278212 7 16 theme 1:1 1108:1110 arg1 wt/wt 1112:1116 ratio 1:1 wt/wt 1102:1116 ratio 1:1 wt/wt 1102:1116 The HPLC analysis showed the presence of main monomers, galactose and glucose (ratio 1:1 wt/wt), and small amount of rhamnose. 29278212 9 17 dep B. 1447:1448 arg1 longum 1450:1455 longum 1450:1455 longum 1450:1455 This suggests putative applications for the EPS from B. longum W11 in different pathological conditions. 29278212 5 18 theme purified 815:822 arg1 EPS 824:826 purified EPS 815:826 purified EPS 815:826 RESULTS The results demonstrated the ability of purified EPS to increase the production of the tested cytokines, except IL-10, in ConA-stimulated PBMCs. 29278212 3 19 from donors 522:527 arg1 PBMCs 497:501 PBMCs 497:501 PBMCs from healthy adult donors 497:527 METHOD The production of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 by PBMCs from healthy adult donors was analysed using purified EPS at two different concentrations (100 µg/mL and 200 µg/mL) and ConA, as an immunopotentiating marker. 29278212 2 20 theme EPS 304:306 arg1 effects 280:286 The effects 276:286 The effects of the purified EPS from B. longum W11 on cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) alone 276:400 OBJECTIVE The effects of the purified EPS from B. longum W11 on cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) alone or ConA-stimulated were investigated. 29278212 9 21 from W11 1457:1459 arg1 EPS 1438:1440 the EPS 1434:1440 the EPS from B. longum W11 in different pathological conditions 1434:1496 This suggests putative applications for the EPS from B. longum W11 in different pathological conditions. 29278212 9 21 from W11 1457:1459 arg1 conditions 1487:1496 different pathological conditions 1464:1496 different pathological conditions 1464:1496 This suggests putative applications for the EPS from B. longum W11 in different pathological conditions. 29278212 3 22 dep concentrations 578:591 arg1 concentrations 578:591 two different concentrations 564:591 two different concentrations (100 µg/mL and 200 µg/mL) 564:617 METHOD The production of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 by PBMCs from healthy adult donors was analysed using purified EPS at two different concentrations (100 µg/mL and 200 µg/mL) and ConA, as an immunopotentiating marker. 29278212 3 22 dep concentrations 578:591 arg1 µg/mL 598:602 100 µg/mL and 200 µg/mL 594:616 µg/mL 598:602 METHOD The production of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 by PBMCs from healthy adult donors was analysed using purified EPS at two different concentrations (100 µg/mL and 200 µg/mL) and ConA, as an immunopotentiating marker. 29278212 3 22 dep concentrations 578:591 arg1 µg/mL 612:616 100 µg/mL and 200 µg/mL 594:616 µg/mL 612:616 METHOD The production of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 by PBMCs from healthy adult donors was analysed using purified EPS at two different concentrations (100 µg/mL and 200 µg/mL) and ConA, as an immunopotentiating marker. 29278212 7 23 theme ratio 1102:1106 arg1 galactose 1079:1087 galactose 1079:1087 galactose 1079:1087 The HPLC analysis showed the presence of main monomers, galactose and glucose (ratio 1:1 wt/wt), and small amount of rhamnose. 29278212 7 23 theme ratio 1102:1106 arg1 wt/wt 1112:1116 ratio 1:1 wt/wt 1102:1116 ratio 1:1 wt/wt 1102:1116 The HPLC analysis showed the presence of main monomers, galactose and glucose (ratio 1:1 wt/wt), and small amount of rhamnose. 29278212 4 24 from W11 729:731 arg1 composition 691:701 the monosaccharide composition 672:701 the monosaccharide composition of the EPS from B. longum W11 672:731 Moreover, the monosaccharide composition of the EPS from B. longum W11 was detected using HPLC analysis. 29278212 4 24 from W11 729:731 arg1 EPS 710:712 the EPS 706:712 the EPS from B. longum W11 706:731 Moreover, the monosaccharide composition of the EPS from B. longum W11 was detected using HPLC analysis. 29278212 2 25 theme purified 295:302 arg1 EPS 304:306 the purified EPS 291:306 the purified EPS from B. longum W11 291:325 OBJECTIVE The effects of the purified EPS from B. longum W11 on cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) alone or ConA-stimulated were investigated. 29278212 8 26 from profile 1360:1366 arg1 PBMCs 1387:1391 ConA-stimulated PBMCs 1371:1391 ConA-stimulated PBMCs 1371:1391 CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrate the ability of the EPS produced by B. longum W11 to interact in vitro with the human PBMCs, showing an immune-regulatory profile alone and an immune stimulatory profile in ConA-stimulated PBMCs. 29278212 3 27 theme IFN-γ 465:469 arg1 production 451:460 The production 447:460 The production of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 by PBMCs from healthy adult donors 447:527 METHOD The production of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 by PBMCs from healthy adult donors was analysed using purified EPS at two different concentrations (100 µg/mL and 200 µg/mL) and ConA, as an immunopotentiating marker. 29278212 1 28 theme BACKGROUND 106:115 arg1 capability 162:171 immune modulating capability 144:171 immune modulating capability 144:171 BACKGROUND Health benefits, including immune modulating capability, exerted by Bifidobacterium strains have been attributed to their exopolysaccharides (EPSs). 29278212 1 28 theme BACKGROUND 106:115 arg1 benefits 124:131 BACKGROUND Health benefits 106:131 BACKGROUND Health benefits 106:131 BACKGROUND Health benefits, including immune modulating capability, exerted by Bifidobacterium strains have been attributed to their exopolysaccharides (EPSs). 29278212 0 29 theme Immunomodulatory 0:15 arg1 Effects 17:23 Immunomodulatory Effects 0:23 Immunomodulatory Effects of Bifidobacterium longum W11 0:53 Immunomodulatory Effects of Bifidobacterium longum W11 Produced Exopolysaccharide on Cytokine Production. 29278212 7 30 theme rhamnose 1140:1147 arg1 rhamnose 1140:1147 rhamnose 1140:1147 rhamnose 1140:1147 The HPLC analysis showed the presence of main monomers, galactose and glucose (ratio 1:1 wt/wt), and small amount of rhamnose. 29278212 7 30 theme rhamnose 1140:1147 arg1 presence 1052:1059 the presence 1048:1059 the presence of main monomers 1048:1076 The HPLC analysis showed the presence of main monomers, galactose and glucose (ratio 1:1 wt/wt), and small amount of rhamnose. 29278212 7 30 theme rhamnose 1140:1147 arg1 glucose 1093:1099 glucose 1093:1099 glucose 1093:1099 The HPLC analysis showed the presence of main monomers, galactose and glucose (ratio 1:1 wt/wt), and small amount of rhamnose. 29278212 7 30 theme rhamnose 1140:1147 arg1 amount 1130:1135 small amount 1124:1135 small amount of rhamnose 1124:1147 The HPLC analysis showed the presence of main monomers, galactose and glucose (ratio 1:1 wt/wt), and small amount of rhamnose. 29278212 7 30 theme rhamnose 1140:1147 arg1 monomers 1069:1076 main monomers 1064:1076 main monomers 1064:1076 The HPLC analysis showed the presence of main monomers, galactose and glucose (ratio 1:1 wt/wt), and small amount of rhamnose. 29278212 7 30 theme rhamnose 1140:1147 arg1 galactose 1079:1087 galactose 1079:1087 galactose 1079:1087 The HPLC analysis showed the presence of main monomers, galactose and glucose (ratio 1:1 wt/wt), and small amount of rhamnose. 29278212 7 30 theme rhamnose 1140:1147 arg1 wt/wt 1112:1116 ratio 1:1 wt/wt 1102:1116 ratio 1:1 wt/wt 1102:1116 The HPLC analysis showed the presence of main monomers, galactose and glucose (ratio 1:1 wt/wt), and small amount of rhamnose. 29278212 3 31 dep METHOD 440:445 arg1 analysed 533:540 analysed 533:540 was analysed using purified EPS at two different concentrations (100 µg/mL and 200 µg/mL) and ConA, as an immunopotentiating marker 529:659 METHOD The production of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 by PBMCs from healthy adult donors was analysed using purified EPS at two different concentrations (100 µg/mL and 200 µg/mL) and ConA, as an immunopotentiating marker. 29278212 1 32 theme Health 117:122 arg1 capability 162:171 immune modulating capability 144:171 immune modulating capability 144:171 BACKGROUND Health benefits, including immune modulating capability, exerted by Bifidobacterium strains have been attributed to their exopolysaccharides (EPSs). 29278212 1 32 theme Health 117:122 arg1 benefits 124:131 BACKGROUND Health benefits 106:131 BACKGROUND Health benefits 106:131 BACKGROUND Health benefits, including immune modulating capability, exerted by Bifidobacterium strains have been attributed to their exopolysaccharides (EPSs). 29278212 2 33 from effects 280:286 arg1 W11 323:325 B. longum W11 313:325 B. longum W11 313:325 OBJECTIVE The effects of the purified EPS from B. longum W11 on cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) alone or ConA-stimulated were investigated. 29278212 2 33 from effects 280:286 arg1 production 339:348 cytokine production 330:348 cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) alone 330:400 OBJECTIVE The effects of the purified EPS from B. longum W11 on cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) alone or ConA-stimulated were investigated. 29278212 8 34 theme immune 1341:1346 arg1 profile 1360:1366 an immune stimulatory profile 1338:1366 an immune stimulatory profile in ConA-stimulated PBMCs 1338:1391 CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrate the ability of the EPS produced by B. longum W11 to interact in vitro with the human PBMCs, showing an immune-regulatory profile alone and an immune stimulatory profile in ConA-stimulated PBMCs. 29278212 9 35 theme different 1464:1472 arg1 conditions 1487:1496 different pathological conditions 1464:1496 different pathological conditions 1464:1496 This suggests putative applications for the EPS from B. longum W11 in different pathological conditions. 29278212 3 36 theme different 568:576 arg1 concentrations 578:591 two different concentrations 564:591 two different concentrations (100 µg/mL and 200 µg/mL) 564:617 METHOD The production of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 by PBMCs from healthy adult donors was analysed using purified EPS at two different concentrations (100 µg/mL and 200 µg/mL) and ConA, as an immunopotentiating marker. 29278212 3 36 theme different 568:576 arg1 µg/mL 598:602 100 µg/mL and 200 µg/mL 594:616 µg/mL 598:602 METHOD The production of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 by PBMCs from healthy adult donors was analysed using purified EPS at two different concentrations (100 µg/mL and 200 µg/mL) and ConA, as an immunopotentiating marker. 29278212 3 36 theme different 568:576 arg1 µg/mL 612:616 100 µg/mL and 200 µg/mL 594:616 µg/mL 612:616 METHOD The production of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 by PBMCs from healthy adult donors was analysed using purified EPS at two different concentrations (100 µg/mL and 200 µg/mL) and ConA, as an immunopotentiating marker. 29278212 4 37 theme HPLC 752:755 arg1 analysis 757:764 HPLC analysis 752:764 HPLC analysis 752:764 Moreover, the monosaccharide composition of the EPS from B. longum W11 was detected using HPLC analysis. 29278212 1 38 theme Bifidobacterium 185:199 arg1 strains 201:207 Bifidobacterium strains 185:207 Bifidobacterium strains 185:207 BACKGROUND Health benefits, including immune modulating capability, exerted by Bifidobacterium strains have been attributed to their exopolysaccharides (EPSs). 29278212 3 39 theme IL-6 479:482 arg1 production 451:460 The production 447:460 The production of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 by PBMCs from healthy adult donors 447:527 METHOD The production of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 by PBMCs from healthy adult donors was analysed using purified EPS at two different concentrations (100 µg/mL and 200 µg/mL) and ConA, as an immunopotentiating marker. 29278212 0 40 theme W11 51:53 arg1 Effects 17:23 Immunomodulatory Effects 0:23 Immunomodulatory Effects of Bifidobacterium longum W11 0:53 Immunomodulatory Effects of Bifidobacterium longum W11 Produced Exopolysaccharide on Cytokine Production. 29278212 2 41 theme peripheral 353:362 arg1 cells 382:386 peripheral blood mononuclear cells 353:386 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) 353:394 OBJECTIVE The effects of the purified EPS from B. longum W11 on cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) alone or ConA-stimulated were investigated. 29278212 2 41 theme peripheral 353:362 arg1 PBMCs 389:393 PBMCs 389:393 PBMCs 389:393 OBJECTIVE The effects of the purified EPS from B. longum W11 on cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) alone or ConA-stimulated were investigated. 29278212 5 42 theme EPS 824:826 arg1 ability 804:810 the ability 800:810 the ability of purified EPS to increase the production of the tested cytokines 800:877 RESULTS The results demonstrated the ability of purified EPS to increase the production of the tested cytokines, except IL-10, in ConA-stimulated PBMCs. 29278212 8 43 theme human 1278:1282 arg1 PBMCs 1284:1288 the human PBMCs 1274:1288 the human PBMCs 1274:1288 CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrate the ability of the EPS produced by B. longum W11 to interact in vitro with the human PBMCs, showing an immune-regulatory profile alone and an immune stimulatory profile in ConA-stimulated PBMCs. 29278212 8 44 from profile 1320:1326 arg1 PBMCs 1387:1391 ConA-stimulated PBMCs 1371:1391 ConA-stimulated PBMCs 1371:1391 CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrate the ability of the EPS produced by B. longum W11 to interact in vitro with the human PBMCs, showing an immune-regulatory profile alone and an immune stimulatory profile in ConA-stimulated PBMCs. 29278212 2 45 dep OBJECTIVE 266:274 arg1 effects 280:286 The effects 276:286 The effects of the purified EPS from B. longum W11 on cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) alone 276:400 OBJECTIVE The effects of the purified EPS from B. longum W11 on cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) alone or ConA-stimulated were investigated. 29278212 2 45 dep OBJECTIVE 266:274 arg1 ConA-stimulated 405:419 ConA-stimulated 405:419 ConA-stimulated 405:419 OBJECTIVE The effects of the purified EPS from B. longum W11 on cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) alone or ConA-stimulated were investigated. 29278212 8 46 theme study 1181:1185 arg1 results 1165:1171 The results 1161:1171 The results of this study 1161:1185 CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrate the ability of the EPS produced by B. longum W11 to interact in vitro with the human PBMCs, showing an immune-regulatory profile alone and an immune stimulatory profile in ConA-stimulated PBMCs. 29278212 4 47 dep B. 719:720 arg1 longum 722:727 longum 722:727 longum 722:727 Moreover, the monosaccharide composition of the EPS from B. longum W11 was detected using HPLC analysis. 29278212 3 48 theme IL-1β 472:476 arg1 production 451:460 The production 447:460 The production of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 by PBMCs from healthy adult donors 447:527 METHOD The production of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 by PBMCs from healthy adult donors was analysed using purified EPS at two different concentrations (100 µg/mL and 200 µg/mL) and ConA, as an immunopotentiating marker. 29278212 7 49 theme main 1064:1067 arg1 monomers 1069:1076 main monomers 1064:1076 main monomers 1064:1076 The HPLC analysis showed the presence of main monomers, galactose and glucose (ratio 1:1 wt/wt), and small amount of rhamnose. 29278212 2 50 theme blood 364:368 arg1 cells 382:386 peripheral blood mononuclear cells 353:386 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) 353:394 OBJECTIVE The effects of the purified EPS from B. longum W11 on cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) alone or ConA-stimulated were investigated. 29278212 2 50 theme blood 364:368 arg1 PBMCs 389:393 PBMCs 389:393 PBMCs 389:393 OBJECTIVE The effects of the purified EPS from B. longum W11 on cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) alone or ConA-stimulated were investigated. 29278212 7 51 theme monomers 1069:1076 arg1 rhamnose 1140:1147 rhamnose 1140:1147 rhamnose 1140:1147 The HPLC analysis showed the presence of main monomers, galactose and glucose (ratio 1:1 wt/wt), and small amount of rhamnose. 29278212 7 51 theme monomers 1069:1076 arg1 presence 1052:1059 the presence 1048:1059 the presence of main monomers 1048:1076 The HPLC analysis showed the presence of main monomers, galactose and glucose (ratio 1:1 wt/wt), and small amount of rhamnose. 29278212 7 51 theme monomers 1069:1076 arg1 glucose 1093:1099 glucose 1093:1099 glucose 1093:1099 The HPLC analysis showed the presence of main monomers, galactose and glucose (ratio 1:1 wt/wt), and small amount of rhamnose. 29278212 7 51 theme monomers 1069:1076 arg1 amount 1130:1135 small amount 1124:1135 small amount of rhamnose 1124:1147 The HPLC analysis showed the presence of main monomers, galactose and glucose (ratio 1:1 wt/wt), and small amount of rhamnose. 29278212 7 51 theme monomers 1069:1076 arg1 monomers 1069:1076 main monomers 1064:1076 main monomers 1064:1076 The HPLC analysis showed the presence of main monomers, galactose and glucose (ratio 1:1 wt/wt), and small amount of rhamnose. 29278212 7 51 theme monomers 1069:1076 arg1 galactose 1079:1087 galactose 1079:1087 galactose 1079:1087 The HPLC analysis showed the presence of main monomers, galactose and glucose (ratio 1:1 wt/wt), and small amount of rhamnose. 29278212 7 51 theme monomers 1069:1076 arg1 wt/wt 1112:1116 ratio 1:1 wt/wt 1102:1116 ratio 1:1 wt/wt 1102:1116 The HPLC analysis showed the presence of main monomers, galactose and glucose (ratio 1:1 wt/wt), and small amount of rhamnose. 29278212 3 52 theme healthy 508:514 arg1 donors 522:527 healthy adult donors 508:527 healthy adult donors 508:527 METHOD The production of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 by PBMCs from healthy adult donors was analysed using purified EPS at two different concentrations (100 µg/mL and 200 µg/mL) and ConA, as an immunopotentiating marker. 29278212 1 53 theme immune 144:149 arg1 capability 162:171 immune modulating capability 144:171 immune modulating capability 144:171 BACKGROUND Health benefits, including immune modulating capability, exerted by Bifidobacterium strains have been attributed to their exopolysaccharides (EPSs). 29278212 8 54 dep CONCLUSION 1150:1159 arg1 demonstrate 1187:1197 demonstrate 1187:1197 demonstrate 1187:1197 CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrate the ability of the EPS produced by B. longum W11 to interact in vitro with the human PBMCs, showing an immune-regulatory profile alone and an immune stimulatory profile in ConA-stimulated PBMCs. 29278212 5 55 theme ConA-stimulated 897:911 arg1 PBMCs 913:917 ConA-stimulated PBMCs 897:917 ConA-stimulated PBMCs 897:917 RESULTS The results demonstrated the ability of purified EPS to increase the production of the tested cytokines, except IL-10, in ConA-stimulated PBMCs. 29278212 8 56 theme stimulatory 1348:1358 arg1 profile 1360:1366 an immune stimulatory profile 1338:1366 an immune stimulatory profile in ConA-stimulated PBMCs 1338:1391 CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrate the ability of the EPS produced by B. longum W11 to interact in vitro with the human PBMCs, showing an immune-regulatory profile alone and an immune stimulatory profile in ConA-stimulated PBMCs. 29278212 1 57 theme modulating 151:160 arg1 capability 162:171 immune modulating capability 144:171 immune modulating capability 144:171 BACKGROUND Health benefits, including immune modulating capability, exerted by Bifidobacterium strains have been attributed to their exopolysaccharides (EPSs). 29278212 8 58 theme ConA-stimulated 1371:1385 arg1 PBMCs 1387:1391 ConA-stimulated PBMCs 1371:1391 ConA-stimulated PBMCs 1371:1391 CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrate the ability of the EPS produced by B. longum W11 to interact in vitro with the human PBMCs, showing an immune-regulatory profile alone and an immune stimulatory profile in ConA-stimulated PBMCs. 29278212 8 59 theme EPS 1218:1220 arg1 ability 1203:1209 the ability 1199:1209 the ability of the EPS produced by B. longum W11 to interact in vitro with the human PBMCs 1199:1288 CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrate the ability of the EPS produced by B. longum W11 to interact in vitro with the human PBMCs, showing an immune-regulatory profile alone and an immune stimulatory profile in ConA-stimulated PBMCs. 29278212 3 60 theme IL-10 488:492 arg1 production 451:460 The production 447:460 The production of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 by PBMCs from healthy adult donors 447:527 METHOD The production of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 by PBMCs from healthy adult donors was analysed using purified EPS at two different concentrations (100 µg/mL and 200 µg/mL) and ConA, as an immunopotentiating marker. 29278212 8 61 theme B. 1234:1235 arg1 W11 1244:1246 B. longum W11 1234:1246 B. longum W11 1234:1246 CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrate the ability of the EPS produced by B. longum W11 to interact in vitro with the human PBMCs, showing an immune-regulatory profile alone and an immune stimulatory profile in ConA-stimulated PBMCs. 29278212 4 62 theme EPS 710:712 arg1 composition 691:701 the monosaccharide composition 672:701 the monosaccharide composition of the EPS from B. longum W11 672:731 Moreover, the monosaccharide composition of the EPS from B. longum W11 was detected using HPLC analysis. 29278212 0 63 theme Cytokine 85:92 arg1 Production 94:103 Cytokine Production 85:103 Cytokine Production 85:103 Immunomodulatory Effects of Bifidobacterium longum W11 Produced Exopolysaccharide on Cytokine Production. 29278212 3 64 theme immunopotentiating 635:652 arg1 marker 654:659 an immunopotentiating marker 632:659 an immunopotentiating marker 632:659 METHOD The production of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 by PBMCs from healthy adult donors was analysed using purified EPS at two different concentrations (100 µg/mL and 200 µg/mL) and ConA, as an immunopotentiating marker. 29278212 3 64 theme immunopotentiating 635:652 arg1 EPS 557:559 purified EPS 548:559 purified EPS 548:559 METHOD The production of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 by PBMCs from healthy adult donors was analysed using purified EPS at two different concentrations (100 µg/mL and 200 µg/mL) and ConA, as an immunopotentiating marker. 29278212 9 65 theme putative 1408:1415 arg1 applications 1417:1428 putative applications 1408:1428 putative applications for the EPS from B. longum W11 in different pathological conditions 1408:1496 This suggests putative applications for the EPS from B. longum W11 in different pathological conditions. 29278212 3 66 theme adult 516:520 arg1 donors 522:527 healthy adult donors 508:527 healthy adult donors 508:527 METHOD The production of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 by PBMCs from healthy adult donors was analysed using purified EPS at two different concentrations (100 µg/mL and 200 µg/mL) and ConA, as an immunopotentiating marker. 29278212 4 67 from composition 691:701 arg1 W11 729:731 B. longum W11 719:731 B. longum W11 719:731 Moreover, the monosaccharide composition of the EPS from B. longum W11 was detected using HPLC analysis. 29278212 8 68 theme immune-regulatory 1302:1318 arg1 profile 1320:1326 an immune-regulatory profile 1299:1326 an immune-regulatory profile alone 1299:1332 CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrate the ability of the EPS produced by B. longum W11 to interact in vitro with the human PBMCs, showing an immune-regulatory profile alone and an immune stimulatory profile in ConA-stimulated PBMCs. 29278212 5 69 theme tested 862:867 arg1 cytokines 869:877 the tested cytokines 858:877 the tested cytokines 858:877 RESULTS The results demonstrated the ability of purified EPS to increase the production of the tested cytokines, except IL-10, in ConA-stimulated PBMCs. 29278212 2 70 from W11 323:325 arg1 effects 280:286 The effects 276:286 The effects of the purified EPS from B. longum W11 on cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) alone 276:400 OBJECTIVE The effects of the purified EPS from B. longum W11 on cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) alone or ConA-stimulated were investigated. 29278212 2 70 from W11 323:325 arg1 EPS 304:306 the purified EPS 291:306 the purified EPS from B. longum W11 291:325 OBJECTIVE The effects of the purified EPS from B. longum W11 on cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) alone or ConA-stimulated were investigated. 27256888 2 0 theme in 367:368 arg1 method 383:388 in situ sol-gel method 367:388 in situ sol-gel method 367:388 The series titania-chitosan-chondroitin 4-sulphate nanocomposites of three different concentrations (2:1:x, where x- 0.125, 0.25, 0.5) have been synthesised by in situ sol-gel method and characterised by various techniques. 27256888 7 1 theme promising 1022:1030 arg1 biomaterial 1032:1042 a promising biomaterial 1020:1042 a promising biomaterial for bone implant applications 1020:1072 The excellent bioactivity and biocompatibility makes these nanocomposites a promising biomaterial for bone implant applications. 27256888 2 2 dep in 367:368 arg1 situ 370:373 situ 370:373 situ 370:373 The series titania-chitosan-chondroitin 4-sulphate nanocomposites of three different concentrations (2:1:x, where x- 0.125, 0.25, 0.5) have been synthesised by in situ sol-gel method and characterised by various techniques. 27256888 6 3 theme low 927:929 arg1 concentration 931:943 low concentration 927:943 low concentration 927:943 The cell viability of the nanocomposites were evaluated by using MG-63 and observed the composites possess high cell viability at low concentration. 27256888 6 4 theme nanocomposites 823:836 arg1 viability 806:814 The cell viability 797:814 The cell viability of the nanocomposites 797:836 The cell viability of the nanocomposites were evaluated by using MG-63 and observed the composites possess high cell viability at low concentration. 27256888 1 5 theme recent 193:198 arg1 years 200:204 the recent years 189:204 the recent years 189:204 The artificial materials for bone implant applications are gaining more importance in the recent years. 27256888 5 6 theme composites 641:650 arg1 bioactivity 622:632 bioactivity 622:632 bioactivity 622:632 The swelling ability and bioactivity of the composites is significantly greater and they possess high zone of inhibition against the microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. 27256888 5 6 theme composites 641:650 arg1 ability 610:616 swelling ability 601:616 swelling ability 601:616 The swelling ability and bioactivity of the composites is significantly greater and they possess high zone of inhibition against the microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. 27256888 6 7 theme cell 909:912 arg1 viability 914:922 high cell viability 904:922 high cell viability 904:922 The cell viability of the nanocomposites were evaluated by using MG-63 and observed the composites possess high cell viability at low concentration. 27256888 1 8 theme artificial 107:116 arg1 materials 118:126 The artificial materials 103:126 The artificial materials for bone implant applications 103:156 The artificial materials for bone implant applications are gaining more importance in the recent years. 27256888 3 9 theme particle 435:442 arg1 size 444:447 The particle size 431:447 The particle size of the nanocomposites 431:469 The particle size of the nanocomposites ranges from 30-50 nm. 27256888 0 10 theme TiO2-chitosan-chondroitin 20:44 arg1 4-sulphate 46:55 In situ synthesised TiO2-chitosan-chondroitin 4-sulphate 0:55 In situ synthesised TiO2-chitosan-chondroitin 4-sulphate 0:55 In situ synthesised TiO2-chitosan-chondroitin 4-sulphate nanocomposites for bone implant applications. 27256888 5 11 theme swelling 601:608 arg1 ability 610:616 swelling ability 601:616 swelling ability 601:616 The swelling ability and bioactivity of the composites is significantly greater and they possess high zone of inhibition against the microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. 27256888 0 12 theme synthesised 8:18 arg1 4-sulphate 46:55 In situ synthesised TiO2-chitosan-chondroitin 4-sulphate 0:55 In situ synthesised TiO2-chitosan-chondroitin 4-sulphate 0:55 In situ synthesised TiO2-chitosan-chondroitin 4-sulphate nanocomposites for bone implant applications. 27256888 6 13 theme high 904:907 arg1 viability 914:922 high cell viability 904:922 high cell viability 904:922 The cell viability of the nanocomposites were evaluated by using MG-63 and observed the composites possess high cell viability at low concentration. 27256888 1 14 theme bone 132:135 arg1 applications 145:156 bone implant applications 132:156 bone implant applications 132:156 The artificial materials for bone implant applications are gaining more importance in the recent years. 27256888 1 15 theme more 170:173 arg1 importance 175:184 more importance 170:184 more importance 170:184 The artificial materials for bone implant applications are gaining more importance in the recent years. 27256888 4 16 theme nanocomposites 563:576 arg1 nature 549:554 the antimicrobial nature 531:554 the antimicrobial nature of the nanocomposites 531:576 The bioactivity, swelling nature, and the antimicrobial nature of the nanocomposites were investigated. 27256888 4 16 theme nanocomposites 563:576 arg1 bioactivity 497:507 The bioactivity 493:507 The bioactivity 493:507 The bioactivity, swelling nature, and the antimicrobial nature of the nanocomposites were investigated. 27256888 4 16 theme nanocomposites 563:576 arg1 nature 519:524 swelling nature 510:524 swelling nature 510:524 The bioactivity, swelling nature, and the antimicrobial nature of the nanocomposites were investigated. 27256888 2 17 dep concentrations 292:305 arg1 2:1 308:310 2:1 308:310 2:1:x, where x- 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 308:339 The series titania-chitosan-chondroitin 4-sulphate nanocomposites of three different concentrations (2:1:x, where x- 0.125, 0.25, 0.5) have been synthesised by in situ sol-gel method and characterised by various techniques. 27256888 2 18 theme concentrations 292:305 arg1 concentrations 292:305 three different concentrations 276:305 three different concentrations (2:1:x, where x- 0.125, 0.25, 0.5) 276:340 The series titania-chitosan-chondroitin 4-sulphate nanocomposites of three different concentrations (2:1:x, where x- 0.125, 0.25, 0.5) have been synthesised by in situ sol-gel method and characterised by various techniques. 27256888 2 18 theme concentrations 292:305 arg1 nanocomposites 258:271 The series titania-chitosan-chondroitin 4-sulphate nanocomposites 207:271 The series titania-chitosan-chondroitin 4-sulphate nanocomposites of three different concentrations (2:1:x, where x- 0.125, 0.25, 0.5) 207:340 The series titania-chitosan-chondroitin 4-sulphate nanocomposites of three different concentrations (2:1:x, where x- 0.125, 0.25, 0.5) have been synthesised by in situ sol-gel method and characterised by various techniques. 27256888 3 19 theme nanocomposites 456:469 arg1 size 444:447 The particle size 431:447 The particle size of the nanocomposites 431:469 The particle size of the nanocomposites ranges from 30-50 nm. 27256888 2 20 dep 2:1 308:310 arg1 x 312:312 x 312:312 x 312:312 The series titania-chitosan-chondroitin 4-sulphate nanocomposites of three different concentrations (2:1:x, where x- 0.125, 0.25, 0.5) have been synthesised by in situ sol-gel method and characterised by various techniques. 27256888 6 21 dep composites 885:894 arg1 possess 896:902 possess 896:902 possess high cell viability at low concentration 896:943 The cell viability of the nanocomposites were evaluated by using MG-63 and observed the composites possess high cell viability at low concentration. 27256888 2 22 theme different 282:290 arg1 concentrations 292:305 three different concentrations 276:305 three different concentrations (2:1:x, where x- 0.125, 0.25, 0.5) 276:340 The series titania-chitosan-chondroitin 4-sulphate nanocomposites of three different concentrations (2:1:x, where x- 0.125, 0.25, 0.5) have been synthesised by in situ sol-gel method and characterised by various techniques. 27256888 2 23 theme various 411:417 arg1 techniques 419:428 various techniques 411:428 various techniques 411:428 The series titania-chitosan-chondroitin 4-sulphate nanocomposites of three different concentrations (2:1:x, where x- 0.125, 0.25, 0.5) have been synthesised by in situ sol-gel method and characterised by various techniques. 27256888 0 24 theme bone 76:79 arg1 applications 89:100 bone implant applications 76:100 bone implant applications 76:100 In situ synthesised TiO2-chitosan-chondroitin 4-sulphate nanocomposites for bone implant applications. 27256888 5 25 theme high 694:697 arg1 zone 699:702 high zone 694:702 high zone of inhibition against the microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli 694:794 The swelling ability and bioactivity of the composites is significantly greater and they possess high zone of inhibition against the microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. 27256888 6 26 theme cell 801:804 arg1 viability 806:814 The cell viability 797:814 The cell viability of the nanocomposites 797:836 The cell viability of the nanocomposites were evaluated by using MG-63 and observed the composites possess high cell viability at low concentration. 27256888 1 27 theme implant 137:143 arg1 applications 145:156 bone implant applications 132:156 bone implant applications 132:156 The artificial materials for bone implant applications are gaining more importance in the recent years. 27256888 4 28 theme antimicrobial 535:547 arg1 nature 549:554 the antimicrobial nature 531:554 the antimicrobial nature of the nanocomposites 531:576 The bioactivity, swelling nature, and the antimicrobial nature of the nanocomposites were investigated. 27256888 2 29 theme 4-sulphate 247:256 arg1 concentrations 292:305 three different concentrations 276:305 three different concentrations (2:1:x, where x- 0.125, 0.25, 0.5) 276:340 The series titania-chitosan-chondroitin 4-sulphate nanocomposites of three different concentrations (2:1:x, where x- 0.125, 0.25, 0.5) have been synthesised by in situ sol-gel method and characterised by various techniques. 27256888 2 29 theme 4-sulphate 247:256 arg1 nanocomposites 258:271 The series titania-chitosan-chondroitin 4-sulphate nanocomposites 207:271 The series titania-chitosan-chondroitin 4-sulphate nanocomposites of three different concentrations (2:1:x, where x- 0.125, 0.25, 0.5) 207:340 The series titania-chitosan-chondroitin 4-sulphate nanocomposites of three different concentrations (2:1:x, where x- 0.125, 0.25, 0.5) have been synthesised by in situ sol-gel method and characterised by various techniques. 27256888 7 30 theme excellent 950:958 arg1 bioactivity 960:970 The excellent bioactivity 946:970 The excellent bioactivity 946:970 The excellent bioactivity and biocompatibility makes these nanocomposites a promising biomaterial for bone implant applications. 27256888 5 31 contain possess 686:692 arg1 they 681:684 they 681:684 they 681:684 The swelling ability and bioactivity of the composites is significantly greater and they possess high zone of inhibition against the microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. 27256888 5 31 contain possess 686:692 arg2 zone 699:702 high zone 694:702 high zone of inhibition against the microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli 694:794 The swelling ability and bioactivity of the composites is significantly greater and they possess high zone of inhibition against the microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. 27256888 5 32 theme inhibition 707:716 arg1 zone 699:702 high zone 694:702 high zone of inhibition against the microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli 694:794 The swelling ability and bioactivity of the composites is significantly greater and they possess high zone of inhibition against the microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. 27256888 2 33 theme titania-chitosan-chondroitin 218:245 arg1 concentrations 292:305 three different concentrations 276:305 three different concentrations (2:1:x, where x- 0.125, 0.25, 0.5) 276:340 The series titania-chitosan-chondroitin 4-sulphate nanocomposites of three different concentrations (2:1:x, where x- 0.125, 0.25, 0.5) have been synthesised by in situ sol-gel method and characterised by various techniques. 27256888 2 33 theme titania-chitosan-chondroitin 218:245 arg1 nanocomposites 258:271 The series titania-chitosan-chondroitin 4-sulphate nanocomposites 207:271 The series titania-chitosan-chondroitin 4-sulphate nanocomposites of three different concentrations (2:1:x, where x- 0.125, 0.25, 0.5) 207:340 The series titania-chitosan-chondroitin 4-sulphate nanocomposites of three different concentrations (2:1:x, where x- 0.125, 0.25, 0.5) have been synthesised by in situ sol-gel method and characterised by various techniques. 27256888 7 34 theme bone 1048:1051 arg1 applications 1061:1072 bone implant applications 1048:1072 bone implant applications 1048:1072 The excellent bioactivity and biocompatibility makes these nanocomposites a promising biomaterial for bone implant applications. 27256888 5 35 dep ability 610:616 arg1 The 597:599 The 597:599 The 597:599 The swelling ability and bioactivity of the composites is significantly greater and they possess high zone of inhibition against the microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. 27256888 2 36 theme series 211:216 arg1 concentrations 292:305 three different concentrations 276:305 three different concentrations (2:1:x, where x- 0.125, 0.25, 0.5) 276:340 The series titania-chitosan-chondroitin 4-sulphate nanocomposites of three different concentrations (2:1:x, where x- 0.125, 0.25, 0.5) have been synthesised by in situ sol-gel method and characterised by various techniques. 27256888 2 36 theme series 211:216 arg1 nanocomposites 258:271 The series titania-chitosan-chondroitin 4-sulphate nanocomposites 207:271 The series titania-chitosan-chondroitin 4-sulphate nanocomposites of three different concentrations (2:1:x, where x- 0.125, 0.25, 0.5) 207:340 The series titania-chitosan-chondroitin 4-sulphate nanocomposites of three different concentrations (2:1:x, where x- 0.125, 0.25, 0.5) have been synthesised by in situ sol-gel method and characterised by various techniques. 27256888 7 37 theme implant 1053:1059 arg1 applications 1061:1072 bone implant applications 1048:1072 bone implant applications 1048:1072 The excellent bioactivity and biocompatibility makes these nanocomposites a promising biomaterial for bone implant applications. 27256888 2 38 theme sol-gel 375:381 arg1 method 383:388 in situ sol-gel method 367:388 in situ sol-gel method 367:388 The series titania-chitosan-chondroitin 4-sulphate nanocomposites of three different concentrations (2:1:x, where x- 0.125, 0.25, 0.5) have been synthesised by in situ sol-gel method and characterised by various techniques. 27256888 0 39 theme implant 81:87 arg1 applications 89:100 bone implant applications 76:100 bone implant applications 76:100 In situ synthesised TiO2-chitosan-chondroitin 4-sulphate nanocomposites for bone implant applications. 27256888 4 40 theme swelling 510:517 arg1 nature 519:524 swelling nature 510:524 swelling nature 510:524 The bioactivity, swelling nature, and the antimicrobial nature of the nanocomposites were investigated. 25154771 0 0 theme injected 73:80 arg1 nanoparticles 100:112 intravenously injected superparamagnetic nanoparticles 59:112 intravenously injected superparamagnetic nanoparticles 59:112 Ex situ evaluation of the composition of protein corona of intravenously injected superparamagnetic nanoparticles in rats. 25154771 5 1 theme in 854:855 arg1 interaction 862:872 in vivo interaction 854:872 in vivo interaction with the rat's physiological system 854:908 Here, by using the unique magnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs), NPs were extracted from rat sera after in vivo interaction with the rat's physiological system. 25154771 5 2 theme iron 790:793 arg1 SPIONs 806:811 SPIONs 806:811 SPIONs 806:811 Here, by using the unique magnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs), NPs were extracted from rat sera after in vivo interaction with the rat's physiological system. 25154771 5 2 theme iron 790:793 arg1 NPs 801:803 superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs 772:803 superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs) 772:812 Here, by using the unique magnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs), NPs were extracted from rat sera after in vivo interaction with the rat's physiological system. 25154771 7 3 theme various 1084:1090 arg1 SPIONs 1092:1097 various SPIONs 1084:1097 various SPIONs 1084:1097 The compositions of the corona at the surface of various SPIONs and their effects on the biodistribution of SPIONs were examined and compared with the corona composition of particles incubated for the same time in rat serum. 25154771 2 4 dep in 387:388 arg1 vivo 390:393 vivo 390:393 vivo 390:393 Although extensive reports have been published on the protein corona at the surface of NPs in vitro, there are very few on the in vivo protein corona. 25154771 2 5 theme protein 314:320 arg1 corona 322:327 the protein corona 310:327 the protein corona 310:327 Although extensive reports have been published on the protein corona at the surface of NPs in vitro, there are very few on the in vivo protein corona. 25154771 0 6 theme nanoparticles 100:112 arg1 corona 49:54 protein corona 41:54 protein corona of intravenously injected superparamagnetic nanoparticles in rats 41:120 Ex situ evaluation of the composition of protein corona of intravenously injected superparamagnetic nanoparticles in rats. 25154771 7 7 from effects 1109:1115 arg1 surface 1073:1079 the surface 1069:1079 the surface of various SPIONs 1069:1097 The compositions of the corona at the surface of various SPIONs and their effects on the biodistribution of SPIONs were examined and compared with the corona composition of particles incubated for the same time in rat serum. 25154771 7 7 from effects 1109:1115 arg1 biodistribution 1124:1138 the biodistribution 1120:1138 the biodistribution of SPIONs 1120:1148 The compositions of the corona at the surface of various SPIONs and their effects on the biodistribution of SPIONs were examined and compared with the corona composition of particles incubated for the same time in rat serum. 25154771 6 8 dep in 934:935 arg1 vivo 937:940 vivo 937:940 vivo 937:940 More specifically, the in vivo protein coronas of polyvinyl-alcohol-coated SPIONs with various surface charges are defined. 25154771 0 9 theme superparamagnetic 82:98 arg1 nanoparticles 100:112 intravenously injected superparamagnetic nanoparticles 59:112 intravenously injected superparamagnetic nanoparticles 59:112 Ex situ evaluation of the composition of protein corona of intravenously injected superparamagnetic nanoparticles in rats. 25154771 6 10 with coronas 950:956 arg1 charges 1014:1020 various surface charges 998:1020 various surface charges 998:1020 More specifically, the in vivo protein coronas of polyvinyl-alcohol-coated SPIONs with various surface charges are defined. 25154771 5 11 theme rat 839:841 arg1 sera 843:846 rat sera 839:846 rat sera 839:846 Here, by using the unique magnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs), NPs were extracted from rat sera after in vivo interaction with the rat's physiological system. 25154771 3 12 theme protein 474:480 arg1 corona 482:487 the protein corona 470:487 the protein corona 470:487 The main reason for having very poor information regarding the protein corona in vivo is that separation of NPs from the in vivo environment has not been possible by using available techniques. 25154771 6 13 theme SPIONs 986:991 arg1 coronas 950:956 the in vivo protein coronas 930:956 the in vivo protein coronas of polyvinyl-alcohol-coated SPIONs with various surface charges 930:1020 More specifically, the in vivo protein coronas of polyvinyl-alcohol-coated SPIONs with various surface charges are defined. 25154771 7 14 theme corona 1059:1064 arg1 compositions 1039:1050 The compositions 1035:1050 The compositions of the corona at the surface of various SPIONs 1035:1097 The compositions of the corona at the surface of various SPIONs and their effects on the biodistribution of SPIONs were examined and compared with the corona composition of particles incubated for the same time in rat serum. 25154771 7 14 theme corona 1059:1064 arg1 effects 1109:1115 their effects 1103:1115 their effects on the biodistribution of SPIONs 1103:1148 The compositions of the corona at the surface of various SPIONs and their effects on the biodistribution of SPIONs were examined and compared with the corona composition of particles incubated for the same time in rat serum. 25154771 4 15 theme in 622:623 arg1 corona 638:643 the in vivo protein corona 618:643 the in vivo protein corona 618:643 Knowledge of the in vivo protein corona could lead to better understanding and prediction of the fate of NPs in vivo. 25154771 7 16 theme rat 1249:1251 arg1 serum 1253:1257 rat serum 1249:1257 rat serum 1249:1257 The compositions of the corona at the surface of various SPIONs and their effects on the biodistribution of SPIONs were examined and compared with the corona composition of particles incubated for the same time in rat serum. 25154771 5 17 theme magnetic 749:756 arg1 properties 758:767 the unique magnetic properties 738:767 the unique magnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs) 738:812 Here, by using the unique magnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs), NPs were extracted from rat sera after in vivo interaction with the rat's physiological system. 25154771 0 18 from composition 26:36 arg1 rats 117:120 rats 117:120 rats 117:120 Ex situ evaluation of the composition of protein corona of intravenously injected superparamagnetic nanoparticles in rats. 25154771 6 19 theme protein 942:948 arg1 coronas 950:956 the in vivo protein coronas 930:956 the in vivo protein coronas of polyvinyl-alcohol-coated SPIONs with various surface charges 930:1020 More specifically, the in vivo protein coronas of polyvinyl-alcohol-coated SPIONs with various surface charges are defined. 25154771 2 20 theme NPs 347:349 arg1 surface 336:342 the surface 332:342 the surface of NPs 332:349 Although extensive reports have been published on the protein corona at the surface of NPs in vitro, there are very few on the in vivo protein corona. 25154771 7 21 theme SPIONs 1092:1097 arg1 surface 1073:1079 the surface 1069:1079 the surface of various SPIONs 1069:1097 The compositions of the corona at the surface of various SPIONs and their effects on the biodistribution of SPIONs were examined and compared with the corona composition of particles incubated for the same time in rat serum. 25154771 7 22 from compositions 1039:1050 arg1 surface 1073:1079 the surface 1069:1079 the surface of various SPIONs 1069:1097 The compositions of the corona at the surface of various SPIONs and their effects on the biodistribution of SPIONs were examined and compared with the corona composition of particles incubated for the same time in rat serum. 25154771 7 22 from compositions 1039:1050 arg1 biodistribution 1124:1138 the biodistribution 1120:1138 the biodistribution of SPIONs 1120:1148 The compositions of the corona at the surface of various SPIONs and their effects on the biodistribution of SPIONs were examined and compared with the corona composition of particles incubated for the same time in rat serum. 25154771 1 23 theme nanoparticles 170:182 arg1 surfaces 158:165 the surfaces 154:165 the surfaces of nanoparticles (NPs) 154:188 It is now well recognized that the surfaces of nanoparticles (NPs) are coated with biomolecules (e.g., proteins) in a biological medium. 25154771 0 24 theme Ex 0:1 arg1 evaluation 8:17 Ex situ evaluation 0:17 Ex situ evaluation of the composition of protein corona of intravenously injected superparamagnetic nanoparticles in rats. 0:121 Ex situ evaluation of the composition of protein corona of intravenously injected superparamagnetic nanoparticles in rats. 25154771 4 25 theme corona 638:643 arg1 Knowledge 605:613 Knowledge 605:613 Knowledge of the in vivo protein corona 605:643 Knowledge of the in vivo protein corona could lead to better understanding and prediction of the fate of NPs in vivo. 25154771 5 26 theme oxide 795:799 arg1 SPIONs 806:811 SPIONs 806:811 SPIONs 806:811 Here, by using the unique magnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs), NPs were extracted from rat sera after in vivo interaction with the rat's physiological system. 25154771 5 26 theme oxide 795:799 arg1 NPs 801:803 superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs 772:803 superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs) 772:812 Here, by using the unique magnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs), NPs were extracted from rat sera after in vivo interaction with the rat's physiological system. 25154771 1 27 theme biological 241:250 arg1 medium 252:257 a biological medium 239:257 a biological medium 239:257 It is now well recognized that the surfaces of nanoparticles (NPs) are coated with biomolecules (e.g., proteins) in a biological medium. 25154771 2 28 theme extensive 269:277 arg1 reports 279:285 extensive reports 269:285 extensive reports 269:285 Although extensive reports have been published on the protein corona at the surface of NPs in vitro, there are very few on the in vivo protein corona. 25154771 6 29 theme in 934:935 arg1 coronas 950:956 the in vivo protein coronas 930:956 the in vivo protein coronas of polyvinyl-alcohol-coated SPIONs with various surface charges 930:1020 More specifically, the in vivo protein coronas of polyvinyl-alcohol-coated SPIONs with various surface charges are defined. 25154771 4 30 dep better 659:664 arg1 understanding 666:678 understanding 666:678 understanding 666:678 Knowledge of the in vivo protein corona could lead to better understanding and prediction of the fate of NPs in vivo. 25154771 4 30 dep better 659:664 arg1 prediction 684:693 prediction 684:693 prediction 684:693 Knowledge of the in vivo protein corona could lead to better understanding and prediction of the fate of NPs in vivo. 25154771 0 31 theme composition 26:36 arg1 evaluation 8:17 Ex situ evaluation 0:17 Ex situ evaluation of the composition of protein corona of intravenously injected superparamagnetic nanoparticles in rats. 0:121 Ex situ evaluation of the composition of protein corona of intravenously injected superparamagnetic nanoparticles in rats. 25154771 5 32 dep in 854:855 arg1 vivo 857:860 vivo 857:860 vivo 857:860 Here, by using the unique magnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs), NPs were extracted from rat sera after in vivo interaction with the rat's physiological system. 25154771 7 33 from surface 1073:1079 arg1 compositions 1039:1050 The compositions 1035:1050 The compositions of the corona at the surface of various SPIONs 1035:1097 The compositions of the corona at the surface of various SPIONs and their effects on the biodistribution of SPIONs were examined and compared with the corona composition of particles incubated for the same time in rat serum. 25154771 7 33 from surface 1073:1079 arg1 corona 1059:1064 the corona 1055:1064 the corona at the surface of various SPIONs 1055:1097 The compositions of the corona at the surface of various SPIONs and their effects on the biodistribution of SPIONs were examined and compared with the corona composition of particles incubated for the same time in rat serum. 25154771 7 33 from surface 1073:1079 arg1 effects 1109:1115 their effects 1103:1115 their effects on the biodistribution of SPIONs 1103:1148 The compositions of the corona at the surface of various SPIONs and their effects on the biodistribution of SPIONs were examined and compared with the corona composition of particles incubated for the same time in rat serum. 25154771 7 34 theme corona 1186:1191 arg1 composition 1193:1203 the corona composition 1182:1203 the corona composition of particles incubated for the same time in rat serum 1182:1257 The compositions of the corona at the surface of various SPIONs and their effects on the biodistribution of SPIONs were examined and compared with the corona composition of particles incubated for the same time in rat serum. 25154771 3 35 dep in 532:533 arg1 vivo 535:538 vivo 535:538 vivo 535:538 The main reason for having very poor information regarding the protein corona in vivo is that separation of NPs from the in vivo environment has not been possible by using available techniques. 25154771 2 36 theme protein 395:401 arg1 corona 403:408 the in vivo protein corona 383:408 the in vivo protein corona 383:408 Although extensive reports have been published on the protein corona at the surface of NPs in vitro, there are very few on the in vivo protein corona. 25154771 3 37 theme NPs 519:521 arg1 separation 505:514 separation 505:514 separation of NPs from the in vivo environment 505:550 The main reason for having very poor information regarding the protein corona in vivo is that separation of NPs from the in vivo environment has not been possible by using available techniques. 25154771 0 38 theme protein 41:47 arg1 corona 49:54 protein corona 41:54 protein corona of intravenously injected superparamagnetic nanoparticles in rats 41:120 Ex situ evaluation of the composition of protein corona of intravenously injected superparamagnetic nanoparticles in rats. 25154771 3 39 from environment 540:550 arg1 separation 505:514 separation 505:514 separation of NPs from the in vivo environment 505:550 The main reason for having very poor information regarding the protein corona in vivo is that separation of NPs from the in vivo environment has not been possible by using available techniques. 25154771 0 40 from corona 49:54 arg1 rats 117:120 rats 117:120 rats 117:120 Ex situ evaluation of the composition of protein corona of intravenously injected superparamagnetic nanoparticles in rats. 25154771 7 41 theme same 1236:1239 arg1 time 1241:1244 the same time 1232:1244 the same time 1232:1244 The compositions of the corona at the surface of various SPIONs and their effects on the biodistribution of SPIONs were examined and compared with the corona composition of particles incubated for the same time in rat serum. 25154771 3 42 theme main 415:418 arg1 reason 420:425 The main reason 411:425 The main reason for having very poor information regarding the protein corona in vivo 411:495 The main reason for having very poor information regarding the protein corona in vivo is that separation of NPs from the in vivo environment has not been possible by using available techniques. 25154771 2 43 theme in 387:388 arg1 corona 403:408 the in vivo protein corona 383:408 the in vivo protein corona 383:408 Although extensive reports have been published on the protein corona at the surface of NPs in vitro, there are very few on the in vivo protein corona. 25154771 0 44 from rats 117:120 arg1 composition 26:36 the composition 22:36 the composition of protein corona of intravenously injected superparamagnetic nanoparticles in rats 22:120 Ex situ evaluation of the composition of protein corona of intravenously injected superparamagnetic nanoparticles in rats. 25154771 5 45 theme physiological 889:901 arg1 system 903:908 the rat's physiological system 879:908 the rat's physiological system 879:908 Here, by using the unique magnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs), NPs were extracted from rat sera after in vivo interaction with the rat's physiological system. 25154771 7 46 theme SPIONs 1143:1148 arg1 biodistribution 1124:1138 the biodistribution 1120:1138 the biodistribution of SPIONs 1120:1148 The compositions of the corona at the surface of various SPIONs and their effects on the biodistribution of SPIONs were examined and compared with the corona composition of particles incubated for the same time in rat serum. 25154771 6 47 theme various 998:1004 arg1 charges 1014:1020 various surface charges 998:1020 various surface charges 998:1020 More specifically, the in vivo protein coronas of polyvinyl-alcohol-coated SPIONs with various surface charges are defined. 25154771 3 48 theme available 583:591 arg1 techniques 593:602 available techniques 583:602 available techniques 583:602 The main reason for having very poor information regarding the protein corona in vivo is that separation of NPs from the in vivo environment has not been possible by using available techniques. 25154771 3 49 theme in 532:533 arg1 environment 540:550 the in vivo environment 528:550 the in vivo environment 528:550 The main reason for having very poor information regarding the protein corona in vivo is that separation of NPs from the in vivo environment has not been possible by using available techniques. 25154771 4 50 theme NPs 710:712 arg1 fate 702:705 the fate 698:705 the fate of NPs 698:712 Knowledge of the in vivo protein corona could lead to better understanding and prediction of the fate of NPs in vivo. 25154771 4 51 theme protein 630:636 arg1 corona 638:643 the in vivo protein corona 618:643 the in vivo protein corona 618:643 Knowledge of the in vivo protein corona could lead to better understanding and prediction of the fate of NPs in vivo. 25154771 4 52 dep in 622:623 arg1 vivo 625:628 vivo 625:628 vivo 625:628 Knowledge of the in vivo protein corona could lead to better understanding and prediction of the fate of NPs in vivo. 25154771 5 53 theme NPs 801:803 arg1 properties 758:767 the unique magnetic properties 738:767 the unique magnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs) 738:812 Here, by using the unique magnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs), NPs were extracted from rat sera after in vivo interaction with the rat's physiological system. 25154771 5 54 theme superparamagnetic 772:788 arg1 SPIONs 806:811 SPIONs 806:811 SPIONs 806:811 Here, by using the unique magnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs), NPs were extracted from rat sera after in vivo interaction with the rat's physiological system. 25154771 5 54 theme superparamagnetic 772:788 arg1 NPs 801:803 superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs 772:803 superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs) 772:812 Here, by using the unique magnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs), NPs were extracted from rat sera after in vivo interaction with the rat's physiological system. 25154771 6 55 theme surface 1006:1012 arg1 charges 1014:1020 various surface charges 998:1020 various surface charges 998:1020 More specifically, the in vivo protein coronas of polyvinyl-alcohol-coated SPIONs with various surface charges are defined. 25154771 5 56 with interaction 862:872 arg1 system 903:908 the rat's physiological system 879:908 the rat's physiological system 879:908 Here, by using the unique magnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs), NPs were extracted from rat sera after in vivo interaction with the rat's physiological system. 25154771 1 57 dep proteins 226:233 arg1 e.g. 220:223 e.g. 220:223 e.g. 220:223 It is now well recognized that the surfaces of nanoparticles (NPs) are coated with biomolecules (e.g., proteins) in a biological medium. 25154771 7 58 theme particles 1208:1216 arg1 composition 1193:1203 the corona composition 1182:1203 the corona composition of particles incubated for the same time in rat serum 1182:1257 The compositions of the corona at the surface of various SPIONs and their effects on the biodistribution of SPIONs were examined and compared with the corona composition of particles incubated for the same time in rat serum. 25154771 6 59 theme polyvinyl-alcohol-coated 961:984 arg1 SPIONs 986:991 polyvinyl-alcohol-coated SPIONs 961:991 polyvinyl-alcohol-coated SPIONs 961:991 More specifically, the in vivo protein coronas of polyvinyl-alcohol-coated SPIONs with various surface charges are defined. 25154771 5 60 theme unique 742:747 arg1 properties 758:767 the unique magnetic properties 738:767 the unique magnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs) 738:812 Here, by using the unique magnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs), NPs were extracted from rat sera after in vivo interaction with the rat's physiological system. 25154771 0 61 theme corona 49:54 arg1 composition 26:36 the composition 22:36 the composition of protein corona of intravenously injected superparamagnetic nanoparticles in rats 22:120 Ex situ evaluation of the composition of protein corona of intravenously injected superparamagnetic nanoparticles in rats. 25154771 3 62 contain having 431:436 arg2 information 448:458 very poor information 438:458 very poor information regarding the protein corona 438:487 The main reason for having very poor information regarding the protein corona in vivo is that separation of NPs from the in vivo environment has not been possible by using available techniques. 25154771 3 62 contain having 431:436 arg1 reason 420:425 The main reason 411:425 The main reason for having very poor information regarding the protein corona in vivo 411:495 The main reason for having very poor information regarding the protein corona in vivo is that separation of NPs from the in vivo environment has not been possible by using available techniques. 25154771 0 63 dep Ex 0:1 arg1 situ 3:6 situ 3:6 situ 3:6 Ex situ evaluation of the composition of protein corona of intravenously injected superparamagnetic nanoparticles in rats. 25154771 3 64 theme poor 443:446 arg1 information 448:458 very poor information 438:458 very poor information regarding the protein corona 438:487 The main reason for having very poor information regarding the protein corona in vivo is that separation of NPs from the in vivo environment has not been possible by using available techniques. 28442546 10 0 theme simpler 1619:1625 arg1 mimetic.-Wright 1634:1648 a simpler Klotho mimetic.-Wright 1617:1648 a simpler Klotho mimetic.-Wright 1617:1648 These findings can help guide the design of a simpler Klotho mimetic.-Wright, J. D., An, S.-W., Xie, J., Yoon, J., Nischan, N., Kohler, J. J., Oliver, N., Lim, C., Huang, C.-L. 28442546 7 1 theme channel 1180:1186 arg1 activity 1188:1195 TRPC6 channel activity 1174:1195 TRPC6 channel activity 1174:1195 Functional experiments based on the ability of Klotho to down-regulate TRPC6 channel activity confirm the importance of these residues. 28442546 1 2 theme antiaging 137:145 arg1 Klotho 156:161 antiaging membrane Klotho 137:161 antiaging membrane Klotho 137:161 Soluble Klotho (sKlotho) is the shed ectodomain of antiaging membrane Klotho that contains 2 extracellular domains KL1 and KL2, each of which shares sequence homology to glycosyl hydrolases. 28442546 9 3 theme KL1 1512:1514 arg1 sufficient 1526:1535 sufficient 1526:1535 sufficient 1526:1535 Our results support the notion that sialogangliosides and lipid rafts are membrane receptors for sKlotho and that the KL1 domain is sufficient for the tested biologic activities. 28442546 9 3 theme KL1 1512:1514 arg1 domain 1516:1521 the KL1 domain 1508:1521 the KL1 domain 1508:1521 Our results support the notion that sialogangliosides and lipid rafts are membrane receptors for sKlotho and that the KL1 domain is sufficient for the tested biologic activities. 28442546 3 4 theme isoform 525:531 arg1 channels 543:550 calcium-permeable transient receptor potential canonical type isoform 6 (TRPC6) channels 463:550 calcium-permeable transient receptor potential canonical type isoform 6 (TRPC6) channels in cardiomyocytes and glomerular podocytes 463:593 Notably, in injury settings, sKlotho confers cardiac and renal protection by down-regulating calcium-permeable transient receptor potential canonical type isoform 6 (TRPC6) channels in cardiomyocytes and glomerular podocytes. 28442546 3 5 from channels 543:550 arg1 cardiomyocytes 555:568 cardiomyocytes 555:568 cardiomyocytes 555:568 Notably, in injury settings, sKlotho confers cardiac and renal protection by down-regulating calcium-permeable transient receptor potential canonical type isoform 6 (TRPC6) channels in cardiomyocytes and glomerular podocytes. 28442546 3 5 from channels 543:550 arg1 podocytes 585:593 glomerular podocytes 574:593 glomerular podocytes 574:593 Notably, in injury settings, sKlotho confers cardiac and renal protection by down-regulating calcium-permeable transient receptor potential canonical type isoform 6 (TRPC6) channels in cardiomyocytes and glomerular podocytes. 28442546 10 6 dep J. 1674:1675 arg1 S.-W. 1662:1666 S.-W. 1662:1666 S.-W. 1662:1666 These findings can help guide the design of a simpler Klotho mimetic.-Wright, J. D., An, S.-W., Xie, J., Yoon, J., Nischan, N., Kohler, J. J., Oliver, N., Lim, C., Huang, C.-L. 28442546 6 7 theme homology 960:967 arg1 modeling 969:976 homology modeling 960:976 homology modeling followed by docking 960:996 Using homology modeling followed by docking, we identified key protein residues in the KL1 domain that are likely involved in binding sialyllactose. 28442546 1 8 theme membrane 147:154 arg1 Klotho 156:161 antiaging membrane Klotho 137:161 antiaging membrane Klotho 137:161 Soluble Klotho (sKlotho) is the shed ectodomain of antiaging membrane Klotho that contains 2 extracellular domains KL1 and KL2, each of which shares sequence homology to glycosyl hydrolases. 28442546 2 9 theme cellular 305:312 arg1 responses 314:322 pleiotropic cellular responses 293:322 pleiotropic cellular responses 293:322 sKlotho elicits pleiotropic cellular responses with a poorly understood mechanism of action. 28442546 7 10 theme TRPC6 1174:1178 arg1 activity 1188:1195 TRPC6 channel activity 1174:1195 TRPC6 channel activity 1174:1195 Functional experiments based on the ability of Klotho to down-regulate TRPC6 channel activity confirm the importance of these residues. 28442546 3 11 theme type 520:523 arg1 channels 543:550 calcium-permeable transient receptor potential canonical type isoform 6 (TRPC6) channels 463:550 calcium-permeable transient receptor potential canonical type isoform 6 (TRPC6) channels in cardiomyocytes and glomerular podocytes 463:593 Notably, in injury settings, sKlotho confers cardiac and renal protection by down-regulating calcium-permeable transient receptor potential canonical type isoform 6 (TRPC6) channels in cardiomyocytes and glomerular podocytes. 28442546 3 12 theme receptor 491:498 arg1 channels 543:550 calcium-permeable transient receptor potential canonical type isoform 6 (TRPC6) channels 463:550 calcium-permeable transient receptor potential canonical type isoform 6 (TRPC6) channels in cardiomyocytes and glomerular podocytes 463:593 Notably, in injury settings, sKlotho confers cardiac and renal protection by down-regulating calcium-permeable transient receptor potential canonical type isoform 6 (TRPC6) channels in cardiomyocytes and glomerular podocytes. 28442546 11 13 theme soluble 1820:1826 arg1 Klotho 1828:1833 soluble Klotho 1820:1833 soluble Klotho 1820:1833 Modeled structural basis for the recognition of α2-3-sialyllactose by soluble Klotho. 28442546 7 14 theme Klotho 1150:1155 arg1 ability 1139:1145 the ability 1135:1145 the ability of Klotho to down-regulate TRPC6 channel activity 1135:1195 Functional experiments based on the ability of Klotho to down-regulate TRPC6 channel activity confirm the importance of these residues. 28442546 5 15 theme α2-3-sialyllactose 912:929 arg1 recognition 897:907 recognition 897:907 recognition 897:907 However, the structural basis for binding and recognition of α2-3-sialyllactose by sKlotho is unknown. 28442546 5 15 theme α2-3-sialyllactose 912:929 arg1 binding 885:891 binding 885:891 binding 885:891 However, the structural basis for binding and recognition of α2-3-sialyllactose by sKlotho is unknown. 28442546 3 16 theme TRPC6 536:540 arg1 channels 543:550 calcium-permeable transient receptor potential canonical type isoform 6 (TRPC6) channels 463:550 calcium-permeable transient receptor potential canonical type isoform 6 (TRPC6) channels in cardiomyocytes and glomerular podocytes 463:593 Notably, in injury settings, sKlotho confers cardiac and renal protection by down-regulating calcium-permeable transient receptor potential canonical type isoform 6 (TRPC6) channels in cardiomyocytes and glomerular podocytes. 28442546 1 17 theme Klotho 156:161 arg1 Klotho 94:99 Soluble Klotho 86:99 Soluble Klotho (sKlotho) 86:109 Soluble Klotho (sKlotho) is the shed ectodomain of antiaging membrane Klotho that contains 2 extracellular domains KL1 and KL2, each of which shares sequence homology to glycosyl hydrolases. 28442546 1 17 theme Klotho 156:161 arg1 Klotho 156:161 antiaging membrane Klotho 137:161 antiaging membrane Klotho 137:161 Soluble Klotho (sKlotho) is the shed ectodomain of antiaging membrane Klotho that contains 2 extracellular domains KL1 and KL2, each of which shares sequence homology to glycosyl hydrolases. 28442546 1 17 theme Klotho 156:161 arg1 ectodomain 123:132 the shed ectodomain 114:132 the shed ectodomain of antiaging membrane Klotho that contains 2 extracellular domains KL1 and KL2, each of which shares sequence homology to glycosyl hydrolases 114:274 Soluble Klotho (sKlotho) is the shed ectodomain of antiaging membrane Klotho that contains 2 extracellular domains KL1 and KL2, each of which shares sequence homology to glycosyl hydrolases. 28442546 3 18 theme renal 427:431 arg1 protection 433:442 cardiac and renal protection 415:442 cardiac and renal protection 415:442 Notably, in injury settings, sKlotho confers cardiac and renal protection by down-regulating calcium-permeable transient receptor potential canonical type isoform 6 (TRPC6) channels in cardiomyocytes and glomerular podocytes. 28442546 0 19 theme structural 8:17 arg1 basis 19:23 structural basis 8:23 structural basis for the recognition of α2-3-sialyllactose by soluble Klotho 8:83 Modeled structural basis for the recognition of α2-3-sialyllactose by soluble Klotho. 28442546 11 20 theme α2-3-sialyllactose 1798:1815 arg1 recognition 1783:1793 the recognition 1779:1793 the recognition of α2-3-sialyllactose by soluble Klotho 1779:1833 Modeled structural basis for the recognition of α2-3-sialyllactose by soluble Klotho. 28442546 10 21 theme mimetic.-Wright 1634:1648 arg1 J. 1674:1675 J. 1674:1675 J. 1674:1675 These findings can help guide the design of a simpler Klotho mimetic.-Wright, J. D., An, S.-W., Xie, J., Yoon, J., Nischan, N., Kohler, J. J., Oliver, N., Lim, C., Huang, C.-L. 28442546 10 21 theme mimetic.-Wright 1634:1648 arg1 design 1607:1612 the design 1603:1612 the design of a simpler Klotho mimetic.-Wright 1603:1648 These findings can help guide the design of a simpler Klotho mimetic.-Wright, J. D., An, S.-W., Xie, J., Yoon, J., Nischan, N., Kohler, J. J., Oliver, N., Lim, C., Huang, C.-L. 28442546 10 21 theme mimetic.-Wright 1634:1648 arg1 D. 1654:1655 D. 1654:1655 D. 1654:1655 These findings can help guide the design of a simpler Klotho mimetic.-Wright, J. D., An, S.-W., Xie, J., Yoon, J., Nischan, N., Kohler, J. J., Oliver, N., Lim, C., Huang, C.-L. 28442546 1 22 theme Soluble 86:92 arg1 Klotho 94:99 Soluble Klotho 86:99 Soluble Klotho (sKlotho) 86:109 Soluble Klotho (sKlotho) is the shed ectodomain of antiaging membrane Klotho that contains 2 extracellular domains KL1 and KL2, each of which shares sequence homology to glycosyl hydrolases. 28442546 1 22 theme Soluble 86:92 arg1 Klotho 156:161 antiaging membrane Klotho 137:161 antiaging membrane Klotho 137:161 Soluble Klotho (sKlotho) is the shed ectodomain of antiaging membrane Klotho that contains 2 extracellular domains KL1 and KL2, each of which shares sequence homology to glycosyl hydrolases. 28442546 1 22 theme Soluble 86:92 arg1 ectodomain 123:132 the shed ectodomain 114:132 the shed ectodomain of antiaging membrane Klotho that contains 2 extracellular domains KL1 and KL2, each of which shares sequence homology to glycosyl hydrolases 114:274 Soluble Klotho (sKlotho) is the shed ectodomain of antiaging membrane Klotho that contains 2 extracellular domains KL1 and KL2, each of which shares sequence homology to glycosyl hydrolases. 28442546 1 22 theme Soluble 86:92 arg1 sKlotho 102:108 sKlotho 102:108 sKlotho 102:108 Soluble Klotho (sKlotho) is the shed ectodomain of antiaging membrane Klotho that contains 2 extracellular domains KL1 and KL2, each of which shares sequence homology to glycosyl hydrolases. 28442546 10 23 theme design 1607:1612 arg1 C.-L 1744:1747 guide the design of a simpler Klotho mimetic.-Wright, J. D., An, S.-W., Xie, J., Yoon, J., Nischan, N., Kohler, J. J., Oliver, N., Lim, C., Huang, C.-L 1597:1747 guide the design of a simpler Klotho mimetic.-Wright, J. D., An, S.-W., Xie, J., Yoon, J., Nischan, N., Kohler, J. J., Oliver, N., Lim, C., Huang, C.-L 1597:1747 These findings can help guide the design of a simpler Klotho mimetic.-Wright, J. D., An, S.-W., Xie, J., Yoon, J., Nischan, N., Kohler, J. J., Oliver, N., Lim, C., Huang, C.-L. 28442546 9 24 theme biologic 1552:1559 arg1 activities 1561:1570 the tested biologic activities 1541:1570 the tested biologic activities 1541:1570 Our results support the notion that sialogangliosides and lipid rafts are membrane receptors for sKlotho and that the KL1 domain is sufficient for the tested biologic activities. 28442546 11 25 theme structural 1758:1767 arg1 basis 1769:1773 structural basis 1758:1773 structural basis for the recognition of α2-3-sialyllactose by soluble Klotho 1758:1833 Modeled structural basis for the recognition of α2-3-sialyllactose by soluble Klotho. 28442546 2 26 theme pleiotropic 293:303 arg1 responses 314:322 pleiotropic cellular responses 293:322 pleiotropic cellular responses 293:322 sKlotho elicits pleiotropic cellular responses with a poorly understood mechanism of action. 28442546 3 27 theme cardiac 415:421 arg1 protection 433:442 cardiac and renal protection 415:442 cardiac and renal protection 415:442 Notably, in injury settings, sKlotho confers cardiac and renal protection by down-regulating calcium-permeable transient receptor potential canonical type isoform 6 (TRPC6) channels in cardiomyocytes and glomerular podocytes. 28442546 5 28 theme structural 864:873 arg1 unknown 945:951 unknown 945:951 unknown 945:951 However, the structural basis for binding and recognition of α2-3-sialyllactose by sKlotho is unknown. 28442546 5 28 theme structural 864:873 arg1 basis 875:879 the structural basis 860:879 the structural basis for binding and recognition of α2-3-sialyllactose by sKlotho 860:940 However, the structural basis for binding and recognition of α2-3-sialyllactose by sKlotho is unknown. 28442546 1 29 theme glycosyl 256:263 arg1 hydrolases 265:274 glycosyl hydrolases 256:274 glycosyl hydrolases 256:274 Soluble Klotho (sKlotho) is the shed ectodomain of antiaging membrane Klotho that contains 2 extracellular domains KL1 and KL2, each of which shares sequence homology to glycosyl hydrolases. 28442546 8 30 from hypertrophy 1373:1383 arg1 mice 1388:1391 mice 1388:1391 mice 1388:1391 Furthermore, KL1 domain binds α2-3-sialyllactose, down-regulates TRPC6 channels, and exerts protection against stress-induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice. 28442546 4 31 theme lipid 797:801 arg1 rafts 803:807 lipid rafts 797:807 lipid rafts 797:807 Inhibition of PI3K-dependent exocytosis of TRPC6 is thought to be the underlying mechanism, and recent studies showed that sKlotho interacts with α2-3-sialyllactose-containing gangliosides enriched in lipid rafts to inhibit raft-dependent PI3K signaling. 28442546 9 32 theme membrane 1468:1475 arg1 sialogangliosides 1430:1446 sialogangliosides 1430:1446 sialogangliosides 1430:1446 Our results support the notion that sialogangliosides and lipid rafts are membrane receptors for sKlotho and that the KL1 domain is sufficient for the tested biologic activities. 28442546 9 32 theme membrane 1468:1475 arg1 rafts 1458:1462 lipid rafts 1452:1462 lipid rafts 1452:1462 Our results support the notion that sialogangliosides and lipid rafts are membrane receptors for sKlotho and that the KL1 domain is sufficient for the tested biologic activities. 28442546 9 32 theme membrane 1468:1475 arg1 receptors 1477:1485 membrane receptors 1468:1485 membrane receptors for sKlotho 1468:1497 Our results support the notion that sialogangliosides and lipid rafts are membrane receptors for sKlotho and that the KL1 domain is sufficient for the tested biologic activities. 28442546 1 33 theme extracellular 179:191 arg1 domains 193:199 2 extracellular domains 177:199 2 extracellular domains KL1 and KL2 177:211 Soluble Klotho (sKlotho) is the shed ectodomain of antiaging membrane Klotho that contains 2 extracellular domains KL1 and KL2, each of which shares sequence homology to glycosyl hydrolases. 28442546 1 33 theme extracellular 179:191 arg1 KL2 209:211 KL2 209:211 KL2 209:211 Soluble Klotho (sKlotho) is the shed ectodomain of antiaging membrane Klotho that contains 2 extracellular domains KL1 and KL2, each of which shares sequence homology to glycosyl hydrolases. 28442546 1 33 theme extracellular 179:191 arg1 KL1 201:203 KL1 201:203 KL1 201:203 Soluble Klotho (sKlotho) is the shed ectodomain of antiaging membrane Klotho that contains 2 extracellular domains KL1 and KL2, each of which shares sequence homology to glycosyl hydrolases. 28442546 7 34 theme residues 1229:1236 arg1 importance 1209:1218 the importance 1205:1218 the importance of these residues 1205:1236 Functional experiments based on the ability of Klotho to down-regulate TRPC6 channel activity confirm the importance of these residues. 28442546 6 35 theme protein 1017:1023 arg1 residues 1025:1032 key protein residues 1013:1032 key protein residues in the KL1 domain that are likely involved in binding sialyllactose 1013:1100 Using homology modeling followed by docking, we identified key protein residues in the KL1 domain that are likely involved in binding sialyllactose. 28442546 4 36 theme raft-dependent 820:833 arg1 signaling 840:848 raft-dependent PI3K signaling 820:848 raft-dependent PI3K signaling 820:848 Inhibition of PI3K-dependent exocytosis of TRPC6 is thought to be the underlying mechanism, and recent studies showed that sKlotho interacts with α2-3-sialyllactose-containing gangliosides enriched in lipid rafts to inhibit raft-dependent PI3K signaling. 28442546 2 37 theme understood 338:347 arg1 mechanism 349:357 a poorly understood mechanism 329:357 a poorly understood mechanism of action 329:367 sKlotho elicits pleiotropic cellular responses with a poorly understood mechanism of action. 28442546 3 38 theme calcium-permeable 463:479 arg1 channels 543:550 calcium-permeable transient receptor potential canonical type isoform 6 (TRPC6) channels 463:550 calcium-permeable transient receptor potential canonical type isoform 6 (TRPC6) channels in cardiomyocytes and glomerular podocytes 463:593 Notably, in injury settings, sKlotho confers cardiac and renal protection by down-regulating calcium-permeable transient receptor potential canonical type isoform 6 (TRPC6) channels in cardiomyocytes and glomerular podocytes. 28442546 6 39 theme key 1013:1015 arg1 residues 1025:1032 key protein residues 1013:1032 key protein residues in the KL1 domain that are likely involved in binding sialyllactose 1013:1100 Using homology modeling followed by docking, we identified key protein residues in the KL1 domain that are likely involved in binding sialyllactose. 28442546 1 40 contain contains 168:175 arg1 Klotho 94:99 Soluble Klotho 86:99 Soluble Klotho (sKlotho) 86:109 Soluble Klotho (sKlotho) is the shed ectodomain of antiaging membrane Klotho that contains 2 extracellular domains KL1 and KL2, each of which shares sequence homology to glycosyl hydrolases. 28442546 1 40 contain contains 168:175 arg2 KL1 201:203 KL1 201:203 KL1 201:203 Soluble Klotho (sKlotho) is the shed ectodomain of antiaging membrane Klotho that contains 2 extracellular domains KL1 and KL2, each of which shares sequence homology to glycosyl hydrolases. 28442546 1 40 contain contains 168:175 arg1 ectodomain 123:132 the shed ectodomain 114:132 the shed ectodomain of antiaging membrane Klotho that contains 2 extracellular domains KL1 and KL2, each of which shares sequence homology to glycosyl hydrolases 114:274 Soluble Klotho (sKlotho) is the shed ectodomain of antiaging membrane Klotho that contains 2 extracellular domains KL1 and KL2, each of which shares sequence homology to glycosyl hydrolases. 28442546 1 40 contain contains 168:175 arg2 KL2 209:211 KL2 209:211 KL2 209:211 Soluble Klotho (sKlotho) is the shed ectodomain of antiaging membrane Klotho that contains 2 extracellular domains KL1 and KL2, each of which shares sequence homology to glycosyl hydrolases. 28442546 1 40 contain contains 168:175 arg2 domains 193:199 2 extracellular domains 177:199 2 extracellular domains KL1 and KL2 177:211 Soluble Klotho (sKlotho) is the shed ectodomain of antiaging membrane Klotho that contains 2 extracellular domains KL1 and KL2, each of which shares sequence homology to glycosyl hydrolases. 28442546 1 40 contain contains 168:175 arg1 Klotho 156:161 antiaging membrane Klotho 137:161 antiaging membrane Klotho 137:161 Soluble Klotho (sKlotho) is the shed ectodomain of antiaging membrane Klotho that contains 2 extracellular domains KL1 and KL2, each of which shares sequence homology to glycosyl hydrolases. 28442546 8 41 theme KL1 1252:1254 arg1 domain 1256:1261 KL1 domain 1252:1261 KL1 domain 1252:1261 Furthermore, KL1 domain binds α2-3-sialyllactose, down-regulates TRPC6 channels, and exerts protection against stress-induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice. 28442546 8 42 theme cardiac 1365:1371 arg1 hypertrophy 1373:1383 stress-induced cardiac hypertrophy 1350:1383 stress-induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice 1350:1391 Furthermore, KL1 domain binds α2-3-sialyllactose, down-regulates TRPC6 channels, and exerts protection against stress-induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice. 28442546 9 43 theme lipid 1452:1456 arg1 sialogangliosides 1430:1446 sialogangliosides 1430:1446 sialogangliosides 1430:1446 Our results support the notion that sialogangliosides and lipid rafts are membrane receptors for sKlotho and that the KL1 domain is sufficient for the tested biologic activities. 28442546 9 43 theme lipid 1452:1456 arg1 rafts 1458:1462 lipid rafts 1452:1462 lipid rafts 1452:1462 Our results support the notion that sialogangliosides and lipid rafts are membrane receptors for sKlotho and that the KL1 domain is sufficient for the tested biologic activities. 28442546 9 43 theme lipid 1452:1456 arg1 receptors 1477:1485 membrane receptors 1468:1485 membrane receptors for sKlotho 1468:1497 Our results support the notion that sialogangliosides and lipid rafts are membrane receptors for sKlotho and that the KL1 domain is sufficient for the tested biologic activities. 28442546 6 44 from residues 1025:1032 arg1 domain 1045:1050 the KL1 domain 1037:1050 the KL1 domain 1037:1050 Using homology modeling followed by docking, we identified key protein residues in the KL1 domain that are likely involved in binding sialyllactose. 28442546 6 45 theme binding 1080:1086 arg1 sialyllactose 1088:1100 binding sialyllactose 1080:1100 binding sialyllactose 1080:1100 Using homology modeling followed by docking, we identified key protein residues in the KL1 domain that are likely involved in binding sialyllactose. 28442546 0 46 theme α2-3-sialyllactose 48:65 arg1 recognition 33:43 the recognition 29:43 the recognition of α2-3-sialyllactose by soluble Klotho 29:83 Modeled structural basis for the recognition of α2-3-sialyllactose by soluble Klotho. 28442546 10 47 theme Klotho 1627:1632 arg1 mimetic.-Wright 1634:1648 a simpler Klotho mimetic.-Wright 1617:1648 a simpler Klotho mimetic.-Wright 1617:1648 These findings can help guide the design of a simpler Klotho mimetic.-Wright, J. D., An, S.-W., Xie, J., Yoon, J., Nischan, N., Kohler, J. J., Oliver, N., Lim, C., Huang, C.-L. 28442546 3 48 theme potential 500:508 arg1 channels 543:550 calcium-permeable transient receptor potential canonical type isoform 6 (TRPC6) channels 463:550 calcium-permeable transient receptor potential canonical type isoform 6 (TRPC6) channels in cardiomyocytes and glomerular podocytes 463:593 Notably, in injury settings, sKlotho confers cardiac and renal protection by down-regulating calcium-permeable transient receptor potential canonical type isoform 6 (TRPC6) channels in cardiomyocytes and glomerular podocytes. 28442546 7 49 theme Functional 1103:1112 arg1 experiments 1114:1124 Functional experiments 1103:1124 Functional experiments based on the ability of Klotho to down-regulate TRPC6 channel activity 1103:1195 Functional experiments based on the ability of Klotho to down-regulate TRPC6 channel activity confirm the importance of these residues. 28442546 4 50 theme PI3K-dependent 610:623 arg1 exocytosis 625:634 PI3K-dependent exocytosis 610:634 PI3K-dependent exocytosis of TRPC6 610:643 Inhibition of PI3K-dependent exocytosis of TRPC6 is thought to be the underlying mechanism, and recent studies showed that sKlotho interacts with α2-3-sialyllactose-containing gangliosides enriched in lipid rafts to inhibit raft-dependent PI3K signaling. 28442546 3 51 theme canonical 510:518 arg1 channels 543:550 calcium-permeable transient receptor potential canonical type isoform 6 (TRPC6) channels 463:550 calcium-permeable transient receptor potential canonical type isoform 6 (TRPC6) channels in cardiomyocytes and glomerular podocytes 463:593 Notably, in injury settings, sKlotho confers cardiac and renal protection by down-regulating calcium-permeable transient receptor potential canonical type isoform 6 (TRPC6) channels in cardiomyocytes and glomerular podocytes. 28442546 4 52 theme α2-3-sialyllactose-containing 742:770 arg1 gangliosides 772:783 α2-3-sialyllactose-containing gangliosides 742:783 α2-3-sialyllactose-containing gangliosides enriched in lipid rafts 742:807 Inhibition of PI3K-dependent exocytosis of TRPC6 is thought to be the underlying mechanism, and recent studies showed that sKlotho interacts with α2-3-sialyllactose-containing gangliosides enriched in lipid rafts to inhibit raft-dependent PI3K signaling. 28442546 3 53 theme glomerular 574:583 arg1 podocytes 585:593 glomerular podocytes 574:593 glomerular podocytes 574:593 Notably, in injury settings, sKlotho confers cardiac and renal protection by down-regulating calcium-permeable transient receptor potential canonical type isoform 6 (TRPC6) channels in cardiomyocytes and glomerular podocytes. 28442546 3 54 theme injury 382:387 arg1 settings 389:396 injury settings 382:396 injury settings 382:396 Notably, in injury settings, sKlotho confers cardiac and renal protection by down-regulating calcium-permeable transient receptor potential canonical type isoform 6 (TRPC6) channels in cardiomyocytes and glomerular podocytes. 28442546 3 55 theme transient 481:489 arg1 channels 543:550 calcium-permeable transient receptor potential canonical type isoform 6 (TRPC6) channels 463:550 calcium-permeable transient receptor potential canonical type isoform 6 (TRPC6) channels in cardiomyocytes and glomerular podocytes 463:593 Notably, in injury settings, sKlotho confers cardiac and renal protection by down-regulating calcium-permeable transient receptor potential canonical type isoform 6 (TRPC6) channels in cardiomyocytes and glomerular podocytes. 28442546 6 56 theme KL1 1041:1043 arg1 domain 1045:1050 the KL1 domain 1037:1050 the KL1 domain 1037:1050 Using homology modeling followed by docking, we identified key protein residues in the KL1 domain that are likely involved in binding sialyllactose. 28442546 10 57 theme guide 1597:1601 arg1 C.-L 1744:1747 guide the design of a simpler Klotho mimetic.-Wright, J. D., An, S.-W., Xie, J., Yoon, J., Nischan, N., Kohler, J. J., Oliver, N., Lim, C., Huang, C.-L 1597:1747 guide the design of a simpler Klotho mimetic.-Wright, J. D., An, S.-W., Xie, J., Yoon, J., Nischan, N., Kohler, J. J., Oliver, N., Lim, C., Huang, C.-L 1597:1747 These findings can help guide the design of a simpler Klotho mimetic.-Wright, J. D., An, S.-W., Xie, J., Yoon, J., Nischan, N., Kohler, J. J., Oliver, N., Lim, C., Huang, C.-L. 28442546 4 58 theme PI3K 835:838 arg1 signaling 840:848 raft-dependent PI3K signaling 820:848 raft-dependent PI3K signaling 820:848 Inhibition of PI3K-dependent exocytosis of TRPC6 is thought to be the underlying mechanism, and recent studies showed that sKlotho interacts with α2-3-sialyllactose-containing gangliosides enriched in lipid rafts to inhibit raft-dependent PI3K signaling. 28442546 1 59 theme shed 118:121 arg1 Klotho 94:99 Soluble Klotho 86:99 Soluble Klotho (sKlotho) 86:109 Soluble Klotho (sKlotho) is the shed ectodomain of antiaging membrane Klotho that contains 2 extracellular domains KL1 and KL2, each of which shares sequence homology to glycosyl hydrolases. 28442546 1 59 theme shed 118:121 arg1 Klotho 156:161 antiaging membrane Klotho 137:161 antiaging membrane Klotho 137:161 Soluble Klotho (sKlotho) is the shed ectodomain of antiaging membrane Klotho that contains 2 extracellular domains KL1 and KL2, each of which shares sequence homology to glycosyl hydrolases. 28442546 1 59 theme shed 118:121 arg1 ectodomain 123:132 the shed ectodomain 114:132 the shed ectodomain of antiaging membrane Klotho that contains 2 extracellular domains KL1 and KL2, each of which shares sequence homology to glycosyl hydrolases 114:274 Soluble Klotho (sKlotho) is the shed ectodomain of antiaging membrane Klotho that contains 2 extracellular domains KL1 and KL2, each of which shares sequence homology to glycosyl hydrolases. 28442546 8 60 theme TRPC6 1304:1308 arg1 channels 1310:1317 TRPC6 channels 1304:1317 TRPC6 channels 1304:1317 Furthermore, KL1 domain binds α2-3-sialyllactose, down-regulates TRPC6 channels, and exerts protection against stress-induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice. 28442546 4 61 theme exocytosis 625:634 arg1 mechanism 677:685 the underlying mechanism 662:685 the underlying mechanism 662:685 Inhibition of PI3K-dependent exocytosis of TRPC6 is thought to be the underlying mechanism, and recent studies showed that sKlotho interacts with α2-3-sialyllactose-containing gangliosides enriched in lipid rafts to inhibit raft-dependent PI3K signaling. 28442546 4 61 theme exocytosis 625:634 arg1 Inhibition 596:605 Inhibition 596:605 Inhibition of PI3K-dependent exocytosis of TRPC6 596:643 Inhibition of PI3K-dependent exocytosis of TRPC6 is thought to be the underlying mechanism, and recent studies showed that sKlotho interacts with α2-3-sialyllactose-containing gangliosides enriched in lipid rafts to inhibit raft-dependent PI3K signaling. 28442546 0 62 theme soluble 70:76 arg1 Klotho 78:83 soluble Klotho 70:83 soluble Klotho 70:83 Modeled structural basis for the recognition of α2-3-sialyllactose by soluble Klotho. 28442546 8 63 theme stress-induced 1350:1363 arg1 hypertrophy 1373:1383 stress-induced cardiac hypertrophy 1350:1383 stress-induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice 1350:1391 Furthermore, KL1 domain binds α2-3-sialyllactose, down-regulates TRPC6 channels, and exerts protection against stress-induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice. 28442546 9 64 theme tested 1545:1550 arg1 activities 1561:1570 the tested biologic activities 1541:1570 the tested biologic activities 1541:1570 Our results support the notion that sialogangliosides and lipid rafts are membrane receptors for sKlotho and that the KL1 domain is sufficient for the tested biologic activities. 28442546 2 65 theme action 362:367 arg1 mechanism 349:357 a poorly understood mechanism 329:357 a poorly understood mechanism of action 329:367 sKlotho elicits pleiotropic cellular responses with a poorly understood mechanism of action. 28442546 4 66 theme underlying 666:675 arg1 mechanism 677:685 the underlying mechanism 662:685 the underlying mechanism 662:685 Inhibition of PI3K-dependent exocytosis of TRPC6 is thought to be the underlying mechanism, and recent studies showed that sKlotho interacts with α2-3-sialyllactose-containing gangliosides enriched in lipid rafts to inhibit raft-dependent PI3K signaling. 28442546 4 66 theme underlying 666:675 arg1 Inhibition 596:605 Inhibition 596:605 Inhibition of PI3K-dependent exocytosis of TRPC6 596:643 Inhibition of PI3K-dependent exocytosis of TRPC6 is thought to be the underlying mechanism, and recent studies showed that sKlotho interacts with α2-3-sialyllactose-containing gangliosides enriched in lipid rafts to inhibit raft-dependent PI3K signaling. 28442546 1 67 theme sequence 235:242 arg1 homology 244:251 sequence homology 235:251 sequence homology to glycosyl hydrolases 235:274 Soluble Klotho (sKlotho) is the shed ectodomain of antiaging membrane Klotho that contains 2 extracellular domains KL1 and KL2, each of which shares sequence homology to glycosyl hydrolases. 28442546 1 68 dep domains 193:199 arg1 domains 193:199 2 extracellular domains 177:199 2 extracellular domains KL1 and KL2 177:211 Soluble Klotho (sKlotho) is the shed ectodomain of antiaging membrane Klotho that contains 2 extracellular domains KL1 and KL2, each of which shares sequence homology to glycosyl hydrolases. 28442546 1 68 dep domains 193:199 arg1 KL2 209:211 KL2 209:211 KL2 209:211 Soluble Klotho (sKlotho) is the shed ectodomain of antiaging membrane Klotho that contains 2 extracellular domains KL1 and KL2, each of which shares sequence homology to glycosyl hydrolases. 28442546 1 68 dep domains 193:199 arg1 KL1 201:203 KL1 201:203 KL1 201:203 Soluble Klotho (sKlotho) is the shed ectodomain of antiaging membrane Klotho that contains 2 extracellular domains KL1 and KL2, each of which shares sequence homology to glycosyl hydrolases. 28442546 4 69 theme recent 692:697 arg1 studies 699:705 recent studies 692:705 recent studies 692:705 Inhibition of PI3K-dependent exocytosis of TRPC6 is thought to be the underlying mechanism, and recent studies showed that sKlotho interacts with α2-3-sialyllactose-containing gangliosides enriched in lipid rafts to inhibit raft-dependent PI3K signaling. 28442546 4 70 theme TRPC6 639:643 arg1 exocytosis 625:634 PI3K-dependent exocytosis 610:634 PI3K-dependent exocytosis of TRPC6 610:643 Inhibition of PI3K-dependent exocytosis of TRPC6 is thought to be the underlying mechanism, and recent studies showed that sKlotho interacts with α2-3-sialyllactose-containing gangliosides enriched in lipid rafts to inhibit raft-dependent PI3K signaling. 27126822 0 0 theme Cultured 77:84 arg1 Fibroblasts 99:109 Cultured Human Dermal Fibroblasts 77:109 Cultured Human Dermal Fibroblasts 77:109 G1 Domain of Versican Regulates Hyaluronan Organization and the Phenotype of Cultured Human Dermal Fibroblasts. 27126822 7 1 theme cell 1095:1098 arg1 proliferation 1100:1112 cell proliferation 1095:1112 cell proliferation 1095:1112 A single treatment with rhG1 suppressed cell proliferation for an extended period. 27126822 6 2 theme cable 957:961 arg1 formation 963:971 cable formation 957:971 cable formation 957:971 Endogenous V0/V1, present on HA between attached rhG1, did not prevent cable formation, while treatment with V0/V1 alone, which also bound to HA, did not induce cables. 27126822 3 3 theme amino 447:451 arg1 tag 474:476 an N-terminal 8 amino acid histidine (His) tag 431:476 an N-terminal 8 amino acid histidine (His) tag 431:476 Recombinant human G1 (rhG1) with an N-terminal 8 amino acid histidine (His) tag, produced in Nicotiana benthamiana, was applied to cultures of dermal fibroblasts, and effects on proliferation and pericellular HA organization determined. 27126822 1 4 theme cell 162:165 arg1 phenotype 178:186 cell and tissue phenotype 162:186 cell and tissue phenotype 162:186 Variants of versican have wide-ranging effects on cell and tissue phenotype, impacting proliferation, adhesion, pericellular matrix composition, and elastogenesis. 27126822 2 5 theme Link 322:325 arg1 modules 327:333 two Link modules 318:333 two Link modules that bind to hyaluronan (HA) 318:362 The G1 domain of versican, which contains two Link modules that bind to hyaluronan (HA), may be central to these effects. 27126822 0 6 theme Dermal 92:97 arg1 Fibroblasts 99:109 Cultured Human Dermal Fibroblasts 77:109 Cultured Human Dermal Fibroblasts 77:109 G1 Domain of Versican Regulates Hyaluronan Organization and the Phenotype of Cultured Human Dermal Fibroblasts. 27126822 9 7 theme G1 1408:1409 arg1 versican 1421:1428 versican 1421:1428 versican 1421:1428 These results demonstrate that the G1 domain of versican can regulate the organization of pericellular HA and affect phenotype. 27126822 9 7 theme G1 1408:1409 arg1 domain 1411:1416 the G1 domain 1404:1416 the G1 domain of versican 1404:1428 These results demonstrate that the G1 domain of versican can regulate the organization of pericellular HA and affect phenotype. 27126822 8 8 theme differentiated 1218:1231 arg1 fibroblasts 1250:1260 elongated, differentiated α actin-positive fibroblasts 1207:1260 fibroblasts 1250:1260 Treating cells for 4 weeks with rhG1 resulted in condensed layers of elongated, differentiated α actin-positive fibroblasts, with rhG1 localized to cell surfaces, and a compact extracellular matrix including both collagen and elastin. 27126822 4 9 theme surface 678:684 arg1 HA 686:687 cell surface HA 673:687 cell surface HA 673:687 rhG1 located to individual strands of cell surface HA which aggregated into structures resembling HA cables. 27126822 0 10 theme Human 86:90 arg1 Fibroblasts 99:109 Cultured Human Dermal Fibroblasts 77:109 Cultured Human Dermal Fibroblasts 77:109 G1 Domain of Versican Regulates Hyaluronan Organization and the Phenotype of Cultured Human Dermal Fibroblasts. 27126822 9 11 theme HA 1476:1477 arg1 organization 1447:1458 the organization 1443:1458 the organization of pericellular HA 1443:1477 These results demonstrate that the G1 domain of versican can regulate the organization of pericellular HA and affect phenotype. 27126822 4 12 theme HA 733:734 arg1 cables 736:741 HA cables 733:741 HA cables 733:741 rhG1 located to individual strands of cell surface HA which aggregated into structures resembling HA cables. 27126822 6 13 theme present 904:910 arg1 V0/V1 897:901 Endogenous V0/V1 886:901 Endogenous V0/V1 886:901 Endogenous V0/V1, present on HA between attached rhG1, did not prevent cable formation, while treatment with V0/V1 alone, which also bound to HA, did not induce cables. 27126822 3 14 from effects 565:571 arg1 organization 610:621 pericellular HA organization 594:621 pericellular HA organization 594:621 Recombinant human G1 (rhG1) with an N-terminal 8 amino acid histidine (His) tag, produced in Nicotiana benthamiana, was applied to cultures of dermal fibroblasts, and effects on proliferation and pericellular HA organization determined. 27126822 3 14 from effects 565:571 arg1 proliferation 576:588 proliferation 576:588 proliferation 576:588 Recombinant human G1 (rhG1) with an N-terminal 8 amino acid histidine (His) tag, produced in Nicotiana benthamiana, was applied to cultures of dermal fibroblasts, and effects on proliferation and pericellular HA organization determined. 27126822 1 15 from effects 151:157 arg1 phenotype 178:186 cell and tissue phenotype 162:186 cell and tissue phenotype 162:186 Variants of versican have wide-ranging effects on cell and tissue phenotype, impacting proliferation, adhesion, pericellular matrix composition, and elastogenesis. 27126822 2 16 theme G1 280:281 arg1 domain 283:288 The G1 domain 276:288 The G1 domain 276:288 The G1 domain of versican, which contains two Link modules that bind to hyaluronan (HA), may be central to these effects. 27126822 2 16 theme G1 280:281 arg1 central 372:378 central 372:378 central 372:378 The G1 domain of versican, which contains two Link modules that bind to hyaluronan (HA), may be central to these effects. 27126822 2 16 theme G1 280:281 arg1 versican 293:300 versican 293:300 versican 293:300 The G1 domain of versican, which contains two Link modules that bind to hyaluronan (HA), may be central to these effects. 27126822 3 17 theme Recombinant 398:408 arg1 rhG1 420:423 rhG1 420:423 rhG1 420:423 Recombinant human G1 (rhG1) with an N-terminal 8 amino acid histidine (His) tag, produced in Nicotiana benthamiana, was applied to cultures of dermal fibroblasts, and effects on proliferation and pericellular HA organization determined. 27126822 3 17 theme Recombinant 398:408 arg1 G1 416:417 Recombinant human G1 398:417 Recombinant human G1 (rhG1) 398:424 Recombinant human G1 (rhG1) with an N-terminal 8 amino acid histidine (His) tag, produced in Nicotiana benthamiana, was applied to cultures of dermal fibroblasts, and effects on proliferation and pericellular HA organization determined. 27126822 0 18 theme Fibroblasts 99:109 arg1 Organization 43:54 Hyaluronan Organization 32:54 Hyaluronan Organization 32:54 G1 Domain of Versican Regulates Hyaluronan Organization and the Phenotype of Cultured Human Dermal Fibroblasts. 27126822 0 18 theme Fibroblasts 99:109 arg1 Phenotype 64:72 the Phenotype 60:72 the Phenotype 60:72 G1 Domain of Versican Regulates Hyaluronan Organization and the Phenotype of Cultured Human Dermal Fibroblasts. 27126822 7 19 theme single 1057:1062 arg1 treatment 1064:1072 A single treatment 1055:1072 A single treatment with rhG1 1055:1082 A single treatment with rhG1 suppressed cell proliferation for an extended period. 27126822 1 20 theme tissue 171:176 arg1 phenotype 178:186 cell and tissue phenotype 162:186 cell and tissue phenotype 162:186 Variants of versican have wide-ranging effects on cell and tissue phenotype, impacting proliferation, adhesion, pericellular matrix composition, and elastogenesis. 27126822 3 21 theme Nicotiana 491:499 arg1 benthamiana 501:511 Nicotiana benthamiana 491:511 Nicotiana benthamiana 491:511 Recombinant human G1 (rhG1) with an N-terminal 8 amino acid histidine (His) tag, produced in Nicotiana benthamiana, was applied to cultures of dermal fibroblasts, and effects on proliferation and pericellular HA organization determined. 27126822 4 22 theme cell 673:676 arg1 HA 686:687 cell surface HA 673:687 cell surface HA 673:687 rhG1 located to individual strands of cell surface HA which aggregated into structures resembling HA cables. 27126822 5 23 theme attached 802:809 arg1 rhG1 811:814 attached rhG1 802:814 attached rhG1 802:814 On both individual and aggregated strands, the spacing of attached rhG1 was similar (~120 nm), suggesting interaction between rhG1 molecules. 27126822 0 24 theme G1 0:1 arg1 Versican 13:20 Versican 13:20 Versican 13:20 G1 Domain of Versican Regulates Hyaluronan Organization and the Phenotype of Cultured Human Dermal Fibroblasts. 27126822 0 24 theme G1 0:1 arg1 Domain 3:8 G1 Domain 0:8 G1 Domain of Versican 0:20 G1 Domain of Versican Regulates Hyaluronan Organization and the Phenotype of Cultured Human Dermal Fibroblasts. 27126822 8 25 theme fibroblasts 1250:1260 arg1 layers 1197:1202 condensed layers 1187:1202 condensed layers of elongated, differentiated α actin-positive fibroblasts 1187:1260 Treating cells for 4 weeks with rhG1 resulted in condensed layers of elongated, differentiated α actin-positive fibroblasts, with rhG1 localized to cell surfaces, and a compact extracellular matrix including both collagen and elastin. 27126822 8 26 theme actin-positive 1235:1248 arg1 fibroblasts 1250:1260 elongated, differentiated α actin-positive fibroblasts 1207:1260 fibroblasts 1250:1260 Treating cells for 4 weeks with rhG1 resulted in condensed layers of elongated, differentiated α actin-positive fibroblasts, with rhG1 localized to cell surfaces, and a compact extracellular matrix including both collagen and elastin. 27126822 5 27 theme rhG1 811:814 arg1 nm 834:835 ~120 nm 829:835 ~120 nm 829:835 On both individual and aggregated strands, the spacing of attached rhG1 was similar (~120 nm), suggesting interaction between rhG1 molecules. 27126822 5 27 theme rhG1 811:814 arg1 spacing 791:797 the spacing 787:797 the spacing of attached rhG1 787:814 On both individual and aggregated strands, the spacing of attached rhG1 was similar (~120 nm), suggesting interaction between rhG1 molecules. 27126822 5 27 theme rhG1 811:814 arg1 similar 820:826 similar 820:826 similar 820:826 On both individual and aggregated strands, the spacing of attached rhG1 was similar (~120 nm), suggesting interaction between rhG1 molecules. 27126822 0 28 theme Versican 13:20 arg1 Versican 13:20 Versican 13:20 Versican 13:20 G1 Domain of Versican Regulates Hyaluronan Organization and the Phenotype of Cultured Human Dermal Fibroblasts. 27126822 0 28 theme Versican 13:20 arg1 Domain 3:8 G1 Domain 0:8 G1 Domain of Versican 0:20 G1 Domain of Versican Regulates Hyaluronan Organization and the Phenotype of Cultured Human Dermal Fibroblasts. 27126822 5 29 dep similar 820:826 arg1 spacing 791:797 the spacing 787:797 the spacing of attached rhG1 787:814 On both individual and aggregated strands, the spacing of attached rhG1 was similar (~120 nm), suggesting interaction between rhG1 molecules. 27126822 5 29 dep similar 820:826 arg1 nm 834:835 ~120 nm 829:835 ~120 nm 829:835 On both individual and aggregated strands, the spacing of attached rhG1 was similar (~120 nm), suggesting interaction between rhG1 molecules. 27126822 5 29 dep similar 820:826 arg1 similar 820:826 similar 820:826 similar 820:826 On both individual and aggregated strands, the spacing of attached rhG1 was similar (~120 nm), suggesting interaction between rhG1 molecules. 27126822 3 30 with G1 416:417 arg1 tag 474:476 an N-terminal 8 amino acid histidine (His) tag 431:476 an N-terminal 8 amino acid histidine (His) tag 431:476 Recombinant human G1 (rhG1) with an N-terminal 8 amino acid histidine (His) tag, produced in Nicotiana benthamiana, was applied to cultures of dermal fibroblasts, and effects on proliferation and pericellular HA organization determined. 27126822 4 31 theme HA 686:687 arg1 strands 662:668 individual strands 651:668 individual strands of cell surface HA which aggregated into structures resembling HA cables 651:741 rhG1 located to individual strands of cell surface HA which aggregated into structures resembling HA cables. 27126822 5 32 theme aggregated 767:776 arg1 strands 778:784 both individual and aggregated strands 747:784 both individual and aggregated strands 747:784 On both individual and aggregated strands, the spacing of attached rhG1 was similar (~120 nm), suggesting interaction between rhG1 molecules. 27126822 6 33 theme Endogenous 886:895 arg1 V0/V1 897:901 Endogenous V0/V1 886:901 Endogenous V0/V1 886:901 Endogenous V0/V1, present on HA between attached rhG1, did not prevent cable formation, while treatment with V0/V1 alone, which also bound to HA, did not induce cables. 27126822 3 34 theme His 469:471 arg1 tag 474:476 an N-terminal 8 amino acid histidine (His) tag 431:476 an N-terminal 8 amino acid histidine (His) tag 431:476 Recombinant human G1 (rhG1) with an N-terminal 8 amino acid histidine (His) tag, produced in Nicotiana benthamiana, was applied to cultures of dermal fibroblasts, and effects on proliferation and pericellular HA organization determined. 27126822 2 35 theme versican 293:300 arg1 domain 283:288 The G1 domain 276:288 The G1 domain 276:288 The G1 domain of versican, which contains two Link modules that bind to hyaluronan (HA), may be central to these effects. 27126822 2 35 theme versican 293:300 arg1 central 372:378 central 372:378 central 372:378 The G1 domain of versican, which contains two Link modules that bind to hyaluronan (HA), may be central to these effects. 27126822 2 35 theme versican 293:300 arg1 versican 293:300 versican 293:300 versican 293:300 The G1 domain of versican, which contains two Link modules that bind to hyaluronan (HA), may be central to these effects. 27126822 3 36 theme histidine 458:466 arg1 tag 474:476 an N-terminal 8 amino acid histidine (His) tag 431:476 an N-terminal 8 amino acid histidine (His) tag 431:476 Recombinant human G1 (rhG1) with an N-terminal 8 amino acid histidine (His) tag, produced in Nicotiana benthamiana, was applied to cultures of dermal fibroblasts, and effects on proliferation and pericellular HA organization determined. 27126822 0 37 theme Hyaluronan 32:41 arg1 Organization 43:54 Hyaluronan Organization 32:54 Hyaluronan Organization 32:54 G1 Domain of Versican Regulates Hyaluronan Organization and the Phenotype of Cultured Human Dermal Fibroblasts. 27126822 8 38 theme extracellular 1315:1327 arg1 matrix 1329:1334 a compact extracellular matrix 1305:1334 a compact extracellular matrix 1305:1334 Treating cells for 4 weeks with rhG1 resulted in condensed layers of elongated, differentiated α actin-positive fibroblasts, with rhG1 localized to cell surfaces, and a compact extracellular matrix including both collagen and elastin. 27126822 7 39 with treatment 1064:1072 arg1 rhG1 1079:1082 rhG1 1079:1082 rhG1 1079:1082 A single treatment with rhG1 suppressed cell proliferation for an extended period. 27126822 6 40 attach present 904:910 arg1 HA 915:916 HA 915:916 HA between attached rhG1 915:938 Endogenous V0/V1, present on HA between attached rhG1, did not prevent cable formation, while treatment with V0/V1 alone, which also bound to HA, did not induce cables. 27126822 6 40 attach present 904:910 arg2 V0/V1 897:901 Endogenous V0/V1 886:901 Endogenous V0/V1 886:901 Endogenous V0/V1, present on HA between attached rhG1, did not prevent cable formation, while treatment with V0/V1 alone, which also bound to HA, did not induce cables. 27126822 5 41 theme individual 752:761 arg1 strands 778:784 both individual and aggregated strands 747:784 both individual and aggregated strands 747:784 On both individual and aggregated strands, the spacing of attached rhG1 was similar (~120 nm), suggesting interaction between rhG1 molecules. 27126822 6 42 with treatment 980:988 arg1 V0/V1 995:999 V0/V1 995:999 V0/V1 alone 995:1005 Endogenous V0/V1, present on HA between attached rhG1, did not prevent cable formation, while treatment with V0/V1 alone, which also bound to HA, did not induce cables. 27126822 3 43 theme N-terminal 434:443 arg1 tag 474:476 an N-terminal 8 amino acid histidine (His) tag 431:476 an N-terminal 8 amino acid histidine (His) tag 431:476 Recombinant human G1 (rhG1) with an N-terminal 8 amino acid histidine (His) tag, produced in Nicotiana benthamiana, was applied to cultures of dermal fibroblasts, and effects on proliferation and pericellular HA organization determined. 27126822 3 44 theme pericellular 594:605 arg1 organization 610:621 pericellular HA organization 594:621 pericellular HA organization 594:621 Recombinant human G1 (rhG1) with an N-terminal 8 amino acid histidine (His) tag, produced in Nicotiana benthamiana, was applied to cultures of dermal fibroblasts, and effects on proliferation and pericellular HA organization determined. 27126822 8 45 theme cell 1286:1289 arg1 surfaces 1291:1298 cell surfaces 1286:1298 cell surfaces 1286:1298 Treating cells for 4 weeks with rhG1 resulted in condensed layers of elongated, differentiated α actin-positive fibroblasts, with rhG1 localized to cell surfaces, and a compact extracellular matrix including both collagen and elastin. 27126822 8 45 theme cell 1286:1289 arg1 elastin 1364:1370 elastin 1364:1370 elastin 1364:1370 Treating cells for 4 weeks with rhG1 resulted in condensed layers of elongated, differentiated α actin-positive fibroblasts, with rhG1 localized to cell surfaces, and a compact extracellular matrix including both collagen and elastin. 27126822 8 45 theme cell 1286:1289 arg1 collagen 1351:1358 collagen 1351:1358 collagen 1351:1358 Treating cells for 4 weeks with rhG1 resulted in condensed layers of elongated, differentiated α actin-positive fibroblasts, with rhG1 localized to cell surfaces, and a compact extracellular matrix including both collagen and elastin. 27126822 3 46 theme acid 453:456 arg1 tag 474:476 an N-terminal 8 amino acid histidine (His) tag 431:476 an N-terminal 8 amino acid histidine (His) tag 431:476 Recombinant human G1 (rhG1) with an N-terminal 8 amino acid histidine (His) tag, produced in Nicotiana benthamiana, was applied to cultures of dermal fibroblasts, and effects on proliferation and pericellular HA organization determined. 27126822 2 47 contain contains 309:316 arg1 domain 283:288 The G1 domain 276:288 The G1 domain 276:288 The G1 domain of versican, which contains two Link modules that bind to hyaluronan (HA), may be central to these effects. 27126822 2 47 contain contains 309:316 arg1 central 372:378 central 372:378 central 372:378 The G1 domain of versican, which contains two Link modules that bind to hyaluronan (HA), may be central to these effects. 27126822 2 47 contain contains 309:316 arg1 versican 293:300 versican 293:300 versican 293:300 The G1 domain of versican, which contains two Link modules that bind to hyaluronan (HA), may be central to these effects. 27126822 2 47 contain contains 309:316 arg2 modules 327:333 two Link modules 318:333 two Link modules that bind to hyaluronan (HA) 318:362 The G1 domain of versican, which contains two Link modules that bind to hyaluronan (HA), may be central to these effects. 27126822 3 48 theme HA 607:608 arg1 organization 610:621 pericellular HA organization 594:621 pericellular HA organization 594:621 Recombinant human G1 (rhG1) with an N-terminal 8 amino acid histidine (His) tag, produced in Nicotiana benthamiana, was applied to cultures of dermal fibroblasts, and effects on proliferation and pericellular HA organization determined. 27126822 3 49 theme dermal 541:546 arg1 fibroblasts 548:558 dermal fibroblasts 541:558 dermal fibroblasts 541:558 Recombinant human G1 (rhG1) with an N-terminal 8 amino acid histidine (His) tag, produced in Nicotiana benthamiana, was applied to cultures of dermal fibroblasts, and effects on proliferation and pericellular HA organization determined. 27126822 1 50 theme versican 124:131 arg1 Variants 112:119 Variants 112:119 Variants of versican 112:131 Variants of versican have wide-ranging effects on cell and tissue phenotype, impacting proliferation, adhesion, pericellular matrix composition, and elastogenesis. 27126822 5 51 theme rhG1 870:873 arg1 molecules 875:883 rhG1 molecules 870:883 rhG1 molecules 870:883 On both individual and aggregated strands, the spacing of attached rhG1 was similar (~120 nm), suggesting interaction between rhG1 molecules. 27126822 8 52 theme α 1233:1233 arg1 fibroblasts 1250:1260 elongated, differentiated α actin-positive fibroblasts 1207:1260 fibroblasts 1250:1260 Treating cells for 4 weeks with rhG1 resulted in condensed layers of elongated, differentiated α actin-positive fibroblasts, with rhG1 localized to cell surfaces, and a compact extracellular matrix including both collagen and elastin. 27126822 9 53 theme versican 1421:1428 arg1 versican 1421:1428 versican 1421:1428 versican 1421:1428 These results demonstrate that the G1 domain of versican can regulate the organization of pericellular HA and affect phenotype. 27126822 9 53 theme versican 1421:1428 arg1 domain 1411:1416 the G1 domain 1404:1416 the G1 domain of versican 1404:1428 These results demonstrate that the G1 domain of versican can regulate the organization of pericellular HA and affect phenotype. 27126822 3 54 theme fibroblasts 548:558 arg1 cultures 529:536 cultures 529:536 cultures of dermal fibroblasts 529:558 Recombinant human G1 (rhG1) with an N-terminal 8 amino acid histidine (His) tag, produced in Nicotiana benthamiana, was applied to cultures of dermal fibroblasts, and effects on proliferation and pericellular HA organization determined. 27126822 4 55 theme individual 651:660 arg1 strands 662:668 individual strands 651:668 individual strands of cell surface HA which aggregated into structures resembling HA cables 651:741 rhG1 located to individual strands of cell surface HA which aggregated into structures resembling HA cables. 27126822 8 56 theme elongated 1207:1215 arg1 fibroblasts 1250:1260 elongated, differentiated α actin-positive fibroblasts 1207:1260 fibroblasts 1250:1260 Treating cells for 4 weeks with rhG1 resulted in condensed layers of elongated, differentiated α actin-positive fibroblasts, with rhG1 localized to cell surfaces, and a compact extracellular matrix including both collagen and elastin. 27126822 1 57 theme pericellular 224:235 arg1 composition 244:254 pericellular matrix composition 224:254 pericellular matrix composition 224:254 Variants of versican have wide-ranging effects on cell and tissue phenotype, impacting proliferation, adhesion, pericellular matrix composition, and elastogenesis. 27126822 8 58 theme compact 1307:1313 arg1 matrix 1329:1334 a compact extracellular matrix 1305:1334 a compact extracellular matrix 1305:1334 Treating cells for 4 weeks with rhG1 resulted in condensed layers of elongated, differentiated α actin-positive fibroblasts, with rhG1 localized to cell surfaces, and a compact extracellular matrix including both collagen and elastin. 27126822 1 59 theme wide-ranging 138:149 arg1 effects 151:157 wide-ranging effects 138:157 wide-ranging effects 138:157 Variants of versican have wide-ranging effects on cell and tissue phenotype, impacting proliferation, adhesion, pericellular matrix composition, and elastogenesis. 27126822 3 60 theme human 410:414 arg1 rhG1 420:423 rhG1 420:423 rhG1 420:423 Recombinant human G1 (rhG1) with an N-terminal 8 amino acid histidine (His) tag, produced in Nicotiana benthamiana, was applied to cultures of dermal fibroblasts, and effects on proliferation and pericellular HA organization determined. 27126822 3 60 theme human 410:414 arg1 G1 416:417 Recombinant human G1 398:417 Recombinant human G1 (rhG1) 398:424 Recombinant human G1 (rhG1) with an N-terminal 8 amino acid histidine (His) tag, produced in Nicotiana benthamiana, was applied to cultures of dermal fibroblasts, and effects on proliferation and pericellular HA organization determined. 27126822 1 61 theme matrix 237:242 arg1 composition 244:254 pericellular matrix composition 224:254 pericellular matrix composition 224:254 Variants of versican have wide-ranging effects on cell and tissue phenotype, impacting proliferation, adhesion, pericellular matrix composition, and elastogenesis. 27126822 1 62 contain have 133:136 arg1 Variants 112:119 Variants 112:119 Variants of versican 112:131 Variants of versican have wide-ranging effects on cell and tissue phenotype, impacting proliferation, adhesion, pericellular matrix composition, and elastogenesis. 27126822 1 62 contain have 133:136 arg2 effects 151:157 wide-ranging effects 138:157 wide-ranging effects 138:157 Variants of versican have wide-ranging effects on cell and tissue phenotype, impacting proliferation, adhesion, pericellular matrix composition, and elastogenesis. 27126822 9 63 theme pericellular 1463:1474 arg1 HA 1476:1477 pericellular HA 1463:1477 pericellular HA 1463:1477 These results demonstrate that the G1 domain of versican can regulate the organization of pericellular HA and affect phenotype. 27126822 8 64 theme condensed 1187:1195 arg1 layers 1197:1202 condensed layers 1187:1202 condensed layers of elongated, differentiated α actin-positive fibroblasts 1187:1260 Treating cells for 4 weeks with rhG1 resulted in condensed layers of elongated, differentiated α actin-positive fibroblasts, with rhG1 localized to cell surfaces, and a compact extracellular matrix including both collagen and elastin. 27126822 7 65 theme extended 1121:1128 arg1 period 1130:1135 an extended period 1118:1135 an extended period 1118:1135 A single treatment with rhG1 suppressed cell proliferation for an extended period. 27126822 6 66 theme attached 926:933 arg1 rhG1 935:938 attached rhG1 926:938 attached rhG1 926:938 Endogenous V0/V1, present on HA between attached rhG1, did not prevent cable formation, while treatment with V0/V1 alone, which also bound to HA, did not induce cables. 28276998 0 0 theme cartilage 85:93 arg1 repair 95:100 surface cartilage repair 77:100 surface cartilage repair 77:100 Collagen-PVA aligned nanofiber on collagen sponge as bi-layered scaffold for surface cartilage repair. 28276998 4 1 theme collagen 547:554 arg1 sponge 556:561 a freeze-dried collagen sponge 532:561 a freeze-dried collagen sponge 532:561 Aligned and random collagen-PVA nanofibers were electrospun onto a freeze-dried collagen sponge to make the aligned and random composites, respectively. 28276998 8 2 theme cell 1067:1070 arg1 culture 1072:1078 cell culture 1067:1078 cell culture 1067:1078 The nanofiber layer remained adhered to the sponge after three weeks of cell culture. 28276998 8 3 theme nanofiber 999:1007 arg1 layer 1009:1013 The nanofiber layer 995:1013 The nanofiber layer 995:1013 The nanofiber layer remained adhered to the sponge after three weeks of cell culture. 28276998 10 4 theme chondrocyte 1260:1270 arg1 culture 1272:1278 chondrocyte culture 1260:1278 chondrocyte culture (p < 0.05) 1260:1289 The tensile strength and Young's modulus of both composites increased after three weeks of chondrocyte culture (p < 0.05). 28276998 10 4 theme chondrocyte 1260:1270 arg1 p < 0.05 1281:1288 p < 0.05 1281:1288 p < 0.05 1281:1288 The tensile strength and Young's modulus of both composites increased after three weeks of chondrocyte culture (p < 0.05). 28276998 12 5 theme similar 1543:1549 arg1 amounts 1551:1557 similar amounts 1543:1557 similar amounts of GAG and type II collagen 1543:1585 The chondrocytes on both aligned and random composites proliferated and secreted similar amounts of GAG and type II collagen. 28276998 12 5 theme similar 1543:1549 arg1 collagen 1578:1585 type II collagen 1570:1585 type II collagen 1570:1585 The chondrocytes on both aligned and random composites proliferated and secreted similar amounts of GAG and type II collagen. 28276998 12 5 theme similar 1543:1549 arg1 GAG 1562:1564 GAG 1562:1564 GAG 1562:1564 The chondrocytes on both aligned and random composites proliferated and secreted similar amounts of GAG and type II collagen. 28276998 0 6 theme surface 77:83 arg1 repair 95:100 surface cartilage repair 77:100 surface cartilage repair 77:100 Collagen-PVA aligned nanofiber on collagen sponge as bi-layered scaffold for surface cartilage repair. 28276998 14 7 theme aligned 1646:1652 arg1 suitable 1676:1683 suitable 1676:1683 suitable 1676:1683 The aligned composite may be more suitable for articular cartilage repair because of the higher tensile strength from the aligned nanofibers on the surface that can better resist wear. 28276998 14 7 theme aligned 1646:1652 arg1 composite 1654:1662 The aligned composite 1642:1662 The aligned composite 1642:1662 The aligned composite may be more suitable for articular cartilage repair because of the higher tensile strength from the aligned nanofibers on the surface that can better resist wear. 28276998 5 8 theme composites 698:707 arg1 degradation 652:662 degradation 652:662 degradation 652:662 The morphology, swelling ratio, degradation and tensile properties of the two composites were examined. 28276998 5 8 theme composites 698:707 arg1 morphology 624:633 The morphology 620:633 The morphology 620:633 The morphology, swelling ratio, degradation and tensile properties of the two composites were examined. 28276998 5 8 theme composites 698:707 arg1 ratio 645:649 swelling ratio 636:649 swelling ratio 636:649 The morphology, swelling ratio, degradation and tensile properties of the two composites were examined. 28276998 5 8 theme composites 698:707 arg1 properties 676:685 tensile properties 668:685 tensile properties 668:685 The morphology, swelling ratio, degradation and tensile properties of the two composites were examined. 28276998 6 9 theme type 870:873 arg1 collagen 878:885 type II collagen 870:885 type II collagen 870:885 Primary porcine chondrocytes were cultured on the composites for three weeks and their proliferation and secretion of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and type II collagen were measured. 28276998 10 10 theme culture 1272:1278 arg1 weeks 1251:1255 three weeks 1245:1255 three weeks of chondrocyte culture (p < 0.05) 1245:1289 The tensile strength and Young's modulus of both composites increased after three weeks of chondrocyte culture (p < 0.05). 28276998 2 11 contain has 260:262 arg2 morphology 279:288 varying matrix morphology 264:288 varying matrix morphology 264:288 The anatomic structure of human cartilage has different zones and that each has varying matrix morphology and mechanical properties is often overlooked. 28276998 2 11 contain has 260:262 arg2 properties 305:314 mechanical properties 294:314 mechanical properties 294:314 The anatomic structure of human cartilage has different zones and that each has varying matrix morphology and mechanical properties is often overlooked. 28276998 2 11 contain has 260:262 arg1 each 255:258 each 255:258 each 255:258 The anatomic structure of human cartilage has different zones and that each has varying matrix morphology and mechanical properties is often overlooked. 28276998 11 12 theme aligned 1296:1302 arg1 composite 1304:1312 The aligned composite 1292:1312 The aligned composite with extracellular matrix deposition 1292:1349 The aligned composite with extracellular matrix deposition had a Young's modulus (0.35 MPa) similar to that of articular cartilage reported in literature (0.36-0.8 MPa). 28276998 14 13 from nanofibers 1772:1781 arg1 surface 1790:1796 the surface 1786:1796 the surface that can better resist wear 1786:1824 The aligned composite may be more suitable for articular cartilage repair because of the higher tensile strength from the aligned nanofibers on the surface that can better resist wear. 28276998 14 13 from nanofibers 1772:1781 arg1 strength 1746:1753 the higher tensile strength 1727:1753 the higher tensile strength from the aligned nanofibers on the surface that can better resist wear 1727:1824 The aligned composite may be more suitable for articular cartilage repair because of the higher tensile strength from the aligned nanofibers on the surface that can better resist wear. 28276998 7 14 theme cell 924:927 arg1 culture 929:935 the cell culture 920:935 the cell culture 920:935 The influences of the cell culture on the tensile properties of the composites were studied. 28276998 8 15 theme culture 1072:1078 arg1 weeks 1058:1062 three weeks 1052:1062 three weeks of cell culture 1052:1078 The nanofiber layer remained adhered to the sponge after three weeks of cell culture. 28276998 2 16 theme mechanical 294:303 arg1 properties 305:314 mechanical properties 294:314 mechanical properties 294:314 The anatomic structure of human cartilage has different zones and that each has varying matrix morphology and mechanical properties is often overlooked. 28276998 14 17 theme higher 1731:1736 arg1 strength 1746:1753 the higher tensile strength 1727:1753 the higher tensile strength from the aligned nanofibers on the surface that can better resist wear 1727:1824 The aligned composite may be more suitable for articular cartilage repair because of the higher tensile strength from the aligned nanofibers on the surface that can better resist wear. 28276998 5 18 theme tensile 668:674 arg1 properties 676:685 tensile properties 668:685 tensile properties 668:685 The morphology, swelling ratio, degradation and tensile properties of the two composites were examined. 28276998 11 19 theme articular 1403:1411 arg1 cartilage 1413:1421 articular cartilage 1403:1421 articular cartilage reported in literature (0.36-0.8 MPa) 1403:1459 The aligned composite with extracellular matrix deposition had a Young's modulus (0.35 MPa) similar to that of articular cartilage reported in literature (0.36-0.8 MPa). 28276998 4 20 theme freeze-dried 534:545 arg1 sponge 556:561 a freeze-dried collagen sponge 532:561 a freeze-dried collagen sponge 532:561 Aligned and random collagen-PVA nanofibers were electrospun onto a freeze-dried collagen sponge to make the aligned and random composites, respectively. 28276998 11 21 theme matrix 1333:1338 arg1 deposition 1340:1349 extracellular matrix deposition 1319:1349 extracellular matrix deposition 1319:1349 The aligned composite with extracellular matrix deposition had a Young's modulus (0.35 MPa) similar to that of articular cartilage reported in literature (0.36-0.8 MPa). 28276998 11 22 theme Young 1357:1361 arg1 modulus 1365:1371 a Young's modulus 1355:1371 a Young's modulus (0.35 MPa) similar to that of articular cartilage reported in literature (0.36-0.8 MPa) 1355:1459 The aligned composite with extracellular matrix deposition had a Young's modulus (0.35 MPa) similar to that of articular cartilage reported in literature (0.36-0.8 MPa). 28276998 11 22 theme Young 1357:1361 arg1 0.35 MPa 1374:1381 0.35 MPa 1374:1381 0.35 MPa 1374:1381 The aligned composite with extracellular matrix deposition had a Young's modulus (0.35 MPa) similar to that of articular cartilage reported in literature (0.36-0.8 MPa). 28276998 14 23 theme tensile 1738:1744 arg1 strength 1746:1753 the higher tensile strength 1727:1753 the higher tensile strength from the aligned nanofibers on the surface that can better resist wear 1727:1824 The aligned composite may be more suitable for articular cartilage repair because of the higher tensile strength from the aligned nanofibers on the surface that can better resist wear. 28276998 3 24 theme bi-layered 341:350 arg1 composites 367:376 Two bi-layered collagen-based composites 337:376 Two bi-layered collagen-based composites 337:376 Two bi-layered collagen-based composites were made to replicate the superficial and transitional zones of an articular cartilage. 28276998 6 25 theme glycosaminoglycan 842:858 arg1 secretion 829:837 secretion 829:837 secretion 829:837 Primary porcine chondrocytes were cultured on the composites for three weeks and their proliferation and secretion of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and type II collagen were measured. 28276998 6 25 theme glycosaminoglycan 842:858 arg1 proliferation 811:823 proliferation 811:823 proliferation 811:823 Primary porcine chondrocytes were cultured on the composites for three weeks and their proliferation and secretion of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and type II collagen were measured. 28276998 6 25 theme glycosaminoglycan 842:858 arg1 collagen 878:885 type II collagen 870:885 type II collagen 870:885 Primary porcine chondrocytes were cultured on the composites for three weeks and their proliferation and secretion of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and type II collagen were measured. 28276998 1 26 dep osteochondral 161:173 arg1 repairs 175:181 repairs 175:181 repairs 175:181 Researchers have made bi-layered scaffolds but mostly for osteochondral repairs. 28276998 9 27 theme total 1118:1122 arg1 weight 1124:1129 their total weight 1112:1129 their total weight 1112:1129 Both composites lost 30-35% of their total weight in a saline buffer after three weeks. 28276998 3 28 theme cartilage 456:464 arg1 zones 434:438 the superficial and transitional zones 401:438 the superficial and transitional zones of an articular cartilage 401:464 Two bi-layered collagen-based composites were made to replicate the superficial and transitional zones of an articular cartilage. 28276998 3 29 theme transitional 421:432 arg1 zones 434:438 the superficial and transitional zones 401:438 the superficial and transitional zones of an articular cartilage 401:464 Two bi-layered collagen-based composites were made to replicate the superficial and transitional zones of an articular cartilage. 28276998 12 30 theme aligned 1487:1493 arg1 composites 1506:1515 both aligned and random composites 1482:1515 both aligned and random composites 1482:1515 The chondrocytes on both aligned and random composites proliferated and secreted similar amounts of GAG and type II collagen. 28276998 11 31 theme extracellular 1319:1331 arg1 deposition 1340:1349 extracellular matrix deposition 1319:1349 extracellular matrix deposition 1319:1349 The aligned composite with extracellular matrix deposition had a Young's modulus (0.35 MPa) similar to that of articular cartilage reported in literature (0.36-0.8 MPa). 28276998 9 32 theme weight 1124:1129 arg1 % 1107:1107 30-35% 1102:1107 30-35% of their total weight 1102:1129 Both composites lost 30-35% of their total weight in a saline buffer after three weeks. 28276998 9 32 theme weight 1124:1129 arg1 weight 1124:1129 their total weight 1112:1129 their total weight 1112:1129 Both composites lost 30-35% of their total weight in a saline buffer after three weeks. 28276998 4 33 theme random 479:484 arg1 nanofibers 499:508 Aligned and random collagen-PVA nanofibers 467:508 Aligned and random collagen-PVA nanofibers 467:508 Aligned and random collagen-PVA nanofibers were electrospun onto a freeze-dried collagen sponge to make the aligned and random composites, respectively. 28276998 12 34 from chondrocytes 1466:1477 arg1 composites 1506:1515 both aligned and random composites 1482:1515 both aligned and random composites 1482:1515 The chondrocytes on both aligned and random composites proliferated and secreted similar amounts of GAG and type II collagen. 28276998 5 35 theme swelling 636:643 arg1 ratio 645:649 swelling ratio 636:649 swelling ratio 636:649 The morphology, swelling ratio, degradation and tensile properties of the two composites were examined. 28276998 6 36 theme porcine 732:738 arg1 chondrocytes 740:751 Primary porcine chondrocytes 724:751 Primary porcine chondrocytes 724:751 Primary porcine chondrocytes were cultured on the composites for three weeks and their proliferation and secretion of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and type II collagen were measured. 28276998 10 37 theme composites 1218:1227 arg1 modulus 1202:1208 Young's modulus 1194:1208 Young's modulus 1194:1208 The tensile strength and Young's modulus of both composites increased after three weeks of chondrocyte culture (p < 0.05). 28276998 10 37 theme composites 1218:1227 arg1 strength 1181:1188 The tensile strength 1169:1188 The tensile strength 1169:1188 The tensile strength and Young's modulus of both composites increased after three weeks of chondrocyte culture (p < 0.05). 28276998 3 38 theme superficial 405:415 arg1 zones 434:438 the superficial and transitional zones 401:438 the superficial and transitional zones of an articular cartilage 401:464 Two bi-layered collagen-based composites were made to replicate the superficial and transitional zones of an articular cartilage. 28276998 4 39 theme collagen-PVA 486:497 arg1 nanofibers 499:508 Aligned and random collagen-PVA nanofibers 467:508 Aligned and random collagen-PVA nanofibers 467:508 Aligned and random collagen-PVA nanofibers were electrospun onto a freeze-dried collagen sponge to make the aligned and random composites, respectively. 28276998 6 40 theme Primary 724:730 arg1 chondrocytes 740:751 Primary porcine chondrocytes 724:751 Primary porcine chondrocytes 724:751 Primary porcine chondrocytes were cultured on the composites for three weeks and their proliferation and secretion of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and type II collagen were measured. 28276998 2 41 theme anatomic 188:195 arg1 structure 197:205 The anatomic structure 184:205 The anatomic structure of human cartilage 184:224 The anatomic structure of human cartilage has different zones and that each has varying matrix morphology and mechanical properties is often overlooked. 28276998 9 42 theme saline 1136:1141 arg1 buffer 1143:1148 a saline buffer 1134:1148 a saline buffer 1134:1148 Both composites lost 30-35% of their total weight in a saline buffer after three weeks. 28276998 0 43 theme collagen 34:41 arg1 sponge 43:48 collagen sponge 34:48 collagen sponge 34:48 Collagen-PVA aligned nanofiber on collagen sponge as bi-layered scaffold for surface cartilage repair. 28276998 4 44 theme aligned 575:581 arg1 composites 594:603 the aligned and random composites 571:603 the aligned and random composites 571:603 Aligned and random collagen-PVA nanofibers were electrospun onto a freeze-dried collagen sponge to make the aligned and random composites, respectively. 28276998 3 45 theme articular 446:454 arg1 cartilage 456:464 an articular cartilage 443:464 an articular cartilage 443:464 Two bi-layered collagen-based composites were made to replicate the superficial and transitional zones of an articular cartilage. 28276998 14 46 theme cartilage 1699:1707 arg1 repair 1709:1714 articular cartilage repair 1689:1714 articular cartilage repair 1689:1714 The aligned composite may be more suitable for articular cartilage repair because of the higher tensile strength from the aligned nanofibers on the surface that can better resist wear. 28276998 2 47 contain has 226:228 arg1 structure 197:205 The anatomic structure 184:205 The anatomic structure of human cartilage 184:224 The anatomic structure of human cartilage has different zones and that each has varying matrix morphology and mechanical properties is often overlooked. 28276998 2 47 contain has 226:228 arg2 zones 240:244 different zones 230:244 different zones 230:244 The anatomic structure of human cartilage has different zones and that each has varying matrix morphology and mechanical properties is often overlooked. 28276998 0 48 theme bi-layered 53:62 arg1 scaffold 64:71 bi-layered scaffold 53:71 bi-layered scaffold for surface cartilage repair 53:100 Collagen-PVA aligned nanofiber on collagen sponge as bi-layered scaffold for surface cartilage repair. 28276998 10 49 theme tensile 1173:1179 arg1 strength 1181:1188 The tensile strength 1169:1188 The tensile strength 1169:1188 The tensile strength and Young's modulus of both composites increased after three weeks of chondrocyte culture (p < 0.05). 28276998 14 50 theme articular 1689:1697 arg1 repair 1709:1714 articular cartilage repair 1689:1714 articular cartilage repair 1689:1714 The aligned composite may be more suitable for articular cartilage repair because of the higher tensile strength from the aligned nanofibers on the surface that can better resist wear. 28276998 11 51 with composite 1304:1312 arg1 deposition 1340:1349 extracellular matrix deposition 1319:1349 extracellular matrix deposition 1319:1349 The aligned composite with extracellular matrix deposition had a Young's modulus (0.35 MPa) similar to that of articular cartilage reported in literature (0.36-0.8 MPa). 28276998 4 52 theme random 587:592 arg1 composites 594:603 the aligned and random composites 571:603 the aligned and random composites 571:603 Aligned and random collagen-PVA nanofibers were electrospun onto a freeze-dried collagen sponge to make the aligned and random composites, respectively. 28276998 2 53 theme different 230:238 arg1 zones 240:244 different zones 230:244 different zones 230:244 The anatomic structure of human cartilage has different zones and that each has varying matrix morphology and mechanical properties is often overlooked. 28276998 1 54 theme bi-layered 125:134 arg1 scaffolds 136:144 bi-layered scaffolds 125:144 bi-layered scaffolds 125:144 Researchers have made bi-layered scaffolds but mostly for osteochondral repairs. 28276998 12 55 theme random 1499:1504 arg1 composites 1506:1515 both aligned and random composites 1482:1515 both aligned and random composites 1482:1515 The chondrocytes on both aligned and random composites proliferated and secreted similar amounts of GAG and type II collagen. 28276998 7 56 theme composites 970:979 arg1 properties 952:961 the tensile properties 940:961 the tensile properties of the composites 940:979 The influences of the cell culture on the tensile properties of the composites were studied. 28276998 2 57 theme cartilage 216:224 arg1 structure 197:205 The anatomic structure 184:205 The anatomic structure of human cartilage 184:224 The anatomic structure of human cartilage has different zones and that each has varying matrix morphology and mechanical properties is often overlooked. 28276998 2 58 theme matrix 272:277 arg1 morphology 279:288 varying matrix morphology 264:288 varying matrix morphology 264:288 The anatomic structure of human cartilage has different zones and that each has varying matrix morphology and mechanical properties is often overlooked. 28276998 11 59 theme similar 1384:1390 arg1 modulus 1365:1371 a Young's modulus 1355:1371 a Young's modulus (0.35 MPa) similar to that of articular cartilage reported in literature (0.36-0.8 MPa) 1355:1459 The aligned composite with extracellular matrix deposition had a Young's modulus (0.35 MPa) similar to that of articular cartilage reported in literature (0.36-0.8 MPa). 28276998 11 59 theme similar 1384:1390 arg1 0.35 MPa 1374:1381 0.35 MPa 1374:1381 0.35 MPa 1374:1381 The aligned composite with extracellular matrix deposition had a Young's modulus (0.35 MPa) similar to that of articular cartilage reported in literature (0.36-0.8 MPa). 28276998 14 60 theme aligned 1764:1770 arg1 nanofibers 1772:1781 the aligned nanofibers 1760:1781 the aligned nanofibers on the surface that can better resist wear 1760:1824 The aligned composite may be more suitable for articular cartilage repair because of the higher tensile strength from the aligned nanofibers on the surface that can better resist wear. 28276998 2 61 theme human 210:214 arg1 cartilage 216:224 human cartilage 210:224 human cartilage 210:224 The anatomic structure of human cartilage has different zones and that each has varying matrix morphology and mechanical properties is often overlooked. 28276998 2 62 theme varying 264:270 arg1 morphology 279:288 varying matrix morphology 264:288 varying matrix morphology 264:288 The anatomic structure of human cartilage has different zones and that each has varying matrix morphology and mechanical properties is often overlooked. 28276998 12 63 theme collagen 1578:1585 arg1 amounts 1551:1557 similar amounts 1543:1557 similar amounts of GAG and type II collagen 1543:1585 The chondrocytes on both aligned and random composites proliferated and secreted similar amounts of GAG and type II collagen. 28276998 12 63 theme collagen 1578:1585 arg1 collagen 1578:1585 type II collagen 1570:1585 type II collagen 1570:1585 The chondrocytes on both aligned and random composites proliferated and secreted similar amounts of GAG and type II collagen. 28276998 12 63 theme collagen 1578:1585 arg1 GAG 1562:1564 GAG 1562:1564 GAG 1562:1564 The chondrocytes on both aligned and random composites proliferated and secreted similar amounts of GAG and type II collagen. 28276998 12 64 theme GAG 1562:1564 arg1 amounts 1551:1557 similar amounts 1543:1557 similar amounts of GAG and type II collagen 1543:1585 The chondrocytes on both aligned and random composites proliferated and secreted similar amounts of GAG and type II collagen. 28276998 12 64 theme GAG 1562:1564 arg1 collagen 1578:1585 type II collagen 1570:1585 type II collagen 1570:1585 The chondrocytes on both aligned and random composites proliferated and secreted similar amounts of GAG and type II collagen. 28276998 12 64 theme GAG 1562:1564 arg1 GAG 1562:1564 GAG 1562:1564 GAG 1562:1564 The chondrocytes on both aligned and random composites proliferated and secreted similar amounts of GAG and type II collagen. 28276998 3 65 theme collagen-based 352:365 arg1 composites 367:376 Two bi-layered collagen-based composites 337:376 Two bi-layered collagen-based composites 337:376 Two bi-layered collagen-based composites were made to replicate the superficial and transitional zones of an articular cartilage. 28276998 4 66 theme Aligned 467:473 arg1 nanofibers 499:508 Aligned and random collagen-PVA nanofibers 467:508 Aligned and random collagen-PVA nanofibers 467:508 Aligned and random collagen-PVA nanofibers were electrospun onto a freeze-dried collagen sponge to make the aligned and random composites, respectively. 28276998 7 67 from influences 906:915 arg1 properties 952:961 the tensile properties 940:961 the tensile properties of the composites 940:979 The influences of the cell culture on the tensile properties of the composites were studied. 28276998 7 68 theme tensile 944:950 arg1 properties 952:961 the tensile properties 940:961 the tensile properties of the composites 940:979 The influences of the cell culture on the tensile properties of the composites were studied. 28276998 10 69 theme Young 1194:1198 arg1 modulus 1202:1208 Young's modulus 1194:1208 Young's modulus 1194:1208 The tensile strength and Young's modulus of both composites increased after three weeks of chondrocyte culture (p < 0.05). 28276998 11 70 contain had 1351:1353 arg2 0.35 MPa 1374:1381 0.35 MPa 1374:1381 0.35 MPa 1374:1381 The aligned composite with extracellular matrix deposition had a Young's modulus (0.35 MPa) similar to that of articular cartilage reported in literature (0.36-0.8 MPa). 28276998 11 70 contain had 1351:1353 arg2 modulus 1365:1371 a Young's modulus 1355:1371 a Young's modulus (0.35 MPa) similar to that of articular cartilage reported in literature (0.36-0.8 MPa) 1355:1459 The aligned composite with extracellular matrix deposition had a Young's modulus (0.35 MPa) similar to that of articular cartilage reported in literature (0.36-0.8 MPa). 28276998 11 70 contain had 1351:1353 arg1 composite 1304:1312 The aligned composite 1292:1312 The aligned composite with extracellular matrix deposition 1292:1349 The aligned composite with extracellular matrix deposition had a Young's modulus (0.35 MPa) similar to that of articular cartilage reported in literature (0.36-0.8 MPa). 28276998 7 71 theme culture 929:935 arg1 influences 906:915 The influences 902:915 The influences of the cell culture on the tensile properties of the composites 902:979 The influences of the cell culture on the tensile properties of the composites were studied. 28276998 12 72 theme type 1570:1573 arg1 collagen 1578:1585 type II collagen 1570:1585 type II collagen 1570:1585 The chondrocytes on both aligned and random composites proliferated and secreted similar amounts of GAG and type II collagen. 27464991 2 0 from secretion 429:437 arg1 cells 479:483 Chinese hamster ovary cells 457:483 Chinese hamster ovary cells 457:483 In the present study, we succeeded in achieving the recombinant production and secretion of 5E4 and 5A7 in Chinese hamster ovary cells. 27464991 2 1 from production 414:423 arg1 cells 479:483 Chinese hamster ovary cells 457:483 Chinese hamster ovary cells 457:483 In the present study, we succeeded in achieving the recombinant production and secretion of 5E4 and 5A7 in Chinese hamster ovary cells. 27464991 2 2 theme present 357:363 arg1 study 365:369 the present study 353:369 the present study 353:369 In the present study, we succeeded in achieving the recombinant production and secretion of 5E4 and 5A7 in Chinese hamster ovary cells. 27464991 6 3 theme N-glycans 990:998 arg1 amount 965:970 The amount 961:970 The amount of galactosylated N-glycans 961:998 The amount of galactosylated N-glycans was increased in recombinants. 27464991 6 3 theme N-glycans 990:998 arg1 N-glycans 990:998 galactosylated N-glycans 975:998 galactosylated N-glycans 975:998 The amount of galactosylated N-glycans was increased in recombinants. 27464991 2 4 theme ovary 473:477 arg1 cells 479:483 Chinese hamster ovary cells 457:483 Chinese hamster ovary cells 457:483 In the present study, we succeeded in achieving the recombinant production and secretion of 5E4 and 5A7 in Chinese hamster ovary cells. 27464991 5 5 dep % 849:849 arg1 compared 902:909 compared 902:909 compared to 20% of the 5E4 and 5A7 produced in hybridomas 902:958 The amount of high-mannose-type structures was under 10% of the total N-glycans of recombinant 5E4 and 5A7, compared to 20% of the 5E4 and 5A7 produced in hybridomas. 27464991 5 6 theme high-mannose-type 808:824 arg1 structures 826:835 high-mannose-type structures 808:835 high-mannose-type structures 808:835 The amount of high-mannose-type structures was under 10% of the total N-glycans of recombinant 5E4 and 5A7, compared to 20% of the 5E4 and 5A7 produced in hybridomas. 27464991 8 7 theme B 1230:1230 arg1 virus 1232:1236 influenza B virus 1220:1236 influenza B virus 1220:1236 Recombinant 5E4 and 5A7 neutralized pandemic influenza A virus specifically, and influenza B virus broadly, quite similar to the 5E4 and 5A7 produced in hybridomas, respectively. 27464991 1 8 theme B 270:270 arg1 virus 272:276 influenza A and B virus 254:276 virus 272:276 In previous studies, hybridomas producing human immunoglobulin G, the antibodies 5E4 and 5A7 against influenza A and B virus were established using a novel human lymphocyte fusion partner, SPYMEG. 27464991 7 9 gly fucosylated 1088:1098 arg1 % 1047:1047 Approximately 80% 1031:1047 Approximately 80% of the N-glycans of all antibodies 1031:1082 Approximately 80% of the N-glycans of all antibodies was fucosylated, and no sialylated N-glycan was found. 27464991 7 9 gly fucosylated 1088:1098 arg1 N-glycans 1056:1064 the N-glycans 1052:1064 the N-glycans of all antibodies 1052:1082 Approximately 80% of the N-glycans of all antibodies was fucosylated, and no sialylated N-glycan was found. 27464991 9 10 theme original 1511:1518 arg1 antibodies 1520:1529 the original antibodies 1507:1529 the original antibodies 1507:1529 Here we demonstrated that recombinants of antibodies identified from hybridomas fused with SPYMEG have normal N-glycans and that their neutralizing activities bear comparison with those of the original antibodies. 27464991 3 11 theme liquid 537:542 arg1 spectrometry 564:575 liquid chromatography mass spectrometry 537:575 liquid chromatography mass spectrometry 537:575 Our N-glycan analysis by intact-mass detection and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry showed that recombinant 5E4 and 5A7 have one N-glycan and the typical mammalian-type N-glycan structures similar to those in hybridomas. 27464991 8 12 theme Recombinant 1139:1149 arg1 5E4 1151:1153 5E4 1151:1153 5E4 1151:1153 Recombinant 5E4 and 5A7 neutralized pandemic influenza A virus specifically, and influenza B virus broadly, quite similar to the 5E4 and 5A7 produced in hybridomas, respectively. 27464991 3 13 theme chromatography 544:557 arg1 spectrometry 564:575 liquid chromatography mass spectrometry 537:575 liquid chromatography mass spectrometry 537:575 Our N-glycan analysis by intact-mass detection and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry showed that recombinant 5E4 and 5A7 have one N-glycan and the typical mammalian-type N-glycan structures similar to those in hybridomas. 27464991 3 14 theme N-glycan 490:497 arg1 analysis 499:506 Our N-glycan analysis 486:506 Our N-glycan analysis by intact-mass detection and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry 486:575 Our N-glycan analysis by intact-mass detection and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry showed that recombinant 5E4 and 5A7 have one N-glycan and the typical mammalian-type N-glycan structures similar to those in hybridomas. 27464991 5 15 dep 5E4 925:927 arg1 the 921:923 the 921:923 the 921:923 The amount of high-mannose-type structures was under 10% of the total N-glycans of recombinant 5E4 and 5A7, compared to 20% of the 5E4 and 5A7 produced in hybridomas. 27464991 4 16 theme glycan 727:732 arg1 different 760:768 different 760:768 different 760:768 However, the glycan distribution was slightly different among these antibodies. 27464991 4 16 theme glycan 727:732 arg1 distribution 734:745 the glycan distribution 723:745 the glycan distribution 723:745 However, the glycan distribution was slightly different among these antibodies. 27464991 0 17 theme human 134:138 arg1 lymphocytes 140:150 human lymphocytes 134:150 human lymphocytes 134:150 Recombinant production and characterization of human anti-influenza virus monoclonal antibodies identified from hybridomas fused with human lymphocytes. 27464991 9 18 contain bear 1477:1480 arg2 comparison 1482:1491 comparison 1482:1491 comparison 1482:1491 Here we demonstrated that recombinants of antibodies identified from hybridomas fused with SPYMEG have normal N-glycans and that their neutralizing activities bear comparison with those of the original antibodies. 27464991 9 18 contain bear 1477:1480 arg1 activities 1466:1475 their neutralizing activities 1447:1475 their neutralizing activities 1447:1475 Here we demonstrated that recombinants of antibodies identified from hybridomas fused with SPYMEG have normal N-glycans and that their neutralizing activities bear comparison with those of the original antibodies. 27464991 1 19 theme human 195:199 arg1 G 216:216 human immunoglobulin G 195:216 human immunoglobulin G 195:216 In previous studies, hybridomas producing human immunoglobulin G, the antibodies 5E4 and 5A7 against influenza A and B virus were established using a novel human lymphocyte fusion partner, SPYMEG. 27464991 1 19 theme human 195:199 arg1 antibodies 223:232 the antibodies 5E4 and 5A7 219:244 the antibodies 5E4 and 5A7 against influenza A and B virus 219:276 In previous studies, hybridomas producing human immunoglobulin G, the antibodies 5E4 and 5A7 against influenza A and B virus were established using a novel human lymphocyte fusion partner, SPYMEG. 27464991 2 20 theme 5A7 450:452 arg1 secretion 429:437 secretion 429:437 secretion 429:437 In the present study, we succeeded in achieving the recombinant production and secretion of 5E4 and 5A7 in Chinese hamster ovary cells. 27464991 2 20 theme 5A7 450:452 arg1 production 414:423 recombinant production 402:423 recombinant production 402:423 In the present study, we succeeded in achieving the recombinant production and secretion of 5E4 and 5A7 in Chinese hamster ovary cells. 27464991 0 21 theme human 47:51 arg1 virus 68:72 human anti-influenza virus 47:72 human anti-influenza virus monoclonal antibodies identified from hybridomas 47:121 Recombinant production and characterization of human anti-influenza virus monoclonal antibodies identified from hybridomas fused with human lymphocytes. 27464991 9 22 contain have 1416:1419 arg1 recombinants 1344:1355 recombinants 1344:1355 recombinants of antibodies identified from hybridomas fused with SPYMEG 1344:1414 Here we demonstrated that recombinants of antibodies identified from hybridomas fused with SPYMEG have normal N-glycans and that their neutralizing activities bear comparison with those of the original antibodies. 27464991 9 22 contain have 1416:1419 arg2 N-glycans 1428:1436 normal N-glycans 1421:1436 normal N-glycans 1421:1436 Here we demonstrated that recombinants of antibodies identified from hybridomas fused with SPYMEG have normal N-glycans and that their neutralizing activities bear comparison with those of the original antibodies. 27464991 0 23 theme Recombinant 0:10 arg1 production 12:21 Recombinant production 0:21 Recombinant production 0:21 Recombinant production and characterization of human anti-influenza virus monoclonal antibodies identified from hybridomas fused with human lymphocytes. 27464991 1 24 theme immunoglobulin 201:214 arg1 G 216:216 human immunoglobulin G 195:216 human immunoglobulin G 195:216 In previous studies, hybridomas producing human immunoglobulin G, the antibodies 5E4 and 5A7 against influenza A and B virus were established using a novel human lymphocyte fusion partner, SPYMEG. 27464991 1 24 theme immunoglobulin 201:214 arg1 antibodies 223:232 the antibodies 5E4 and 5A7 219:244 the antibodies 5E4 and 5A7 against influenza A and B virus 219:276 In previous studies, hybridomas producing human immunoglobulin G, the antibodies 5E4 and 5A7 against influenza A and B virus were established using a novel human lymphocyte fusion partner, SPYMEG. 27464991 8 25 theme pandemic 1175:1182 arg1 virus 1196:1200 pandemic influenza A virus 1175:1200 pandemic influenza A virus specifically 1175:1213 Recombinant 5E4 and 5A7 neutralized pandemic influenza A virus specifically, and influenza B virus broadly, quite similar to the 5E4 and 5A7 produced in hybridomas, respectively. 27464991 5 26 theme 5E4 925:927 arg1 5A7 933:935 5A7 933:935 5A7 933:935 The amount of high-mannose-type structures was under 10% of the total N-glycans of recombinant 5E4 and 5A7, compared to 20% of the 5E4 and 5A7 produced in hybridomas. 27464991 5 26 theme 5E4 925:927 arg1 % 916:916 20% 914:916 20% of the 5E4 and 5A7 produced in hybridomas 914:958 The amount of high-mannose-type structures was under 10% of the total N-glycans of recombinant 5E4 and 5A7, compared to 20% of the 5E4 and 5A7 produced in hybridomas. 27464991 5 26 theme 5E4 925:927 arg1 5E4 925:927 5E4 925:927 5E4 925:927 The amount of high-mannose-type structures was under 10% of the total N-glycans of recombinant 5E4 and 5A7, compared to 20% of the 5E4 and 5A7 produced in hybridomas. 27464991 5 27 theme 5E4 889:891 arg1 N-glycans 864:872 the total N-glycans 854:872 the total N-glycans of recombinant 5E4 and 5A7 854:899 The amount of high-mannose-type structures was under 10% of the total N-glycans of recombinant 5E4 and 5A7, compared to 20% of the 5E4 and 5A7 produced in hybridomas. 27464991 2 28 theme 5E4 442:444 arg1 secretion 429:437 secretion 429:437 secretion 429:437 In the present study, we succeeded in achieving the recombinant production and secretion of 5E4 and 5A7 in Chinese hamster ovary cells. 27464991 2 28 theme 5E4 442:444 arg1 production 414:423 recombinant production 402:423 recombinant production 402:423 In the present study, we succeeded in achieving the recombinant production and secretion of 5E4 and 5A7 in Chinese hamster ovary cells. 27464991 7 29 theme antibodies 1073:1082 arg1 N-glycans 1056:1064 the N-glycans 1052:1064 the N-glycans of all antibodies 1052:1082 Approximately 80% of the N-glycans of all antibodies was fucosylated, and no sialylated N-glycan was found. 27464991 7 30 theme sialylated 1108:1117 arg1 N-glycan 1119:1126 no sialylated N-glycan 1105:1126 no sialylated N-glycan 1105:1126 Approximately 80% of the N-glycans of all antibodies was fucosylated, and no sialylated N-glycan was found. 27464991 5 31 theme total 858:862 arg1 N-glycans 864:872 the total N-glycans 854:872 the total N-glycans of recombinant 5E4 and 5A7 854:899 The amount of high-mannose-type structures was under 10% of the total N-glycans of recombinant 5E4 and 5A7, compared to 20% of the 5E4 and 5A7 produced in hybridomas. 27464991 7 32 theme N-glycans 1056:1064 arg1 % 1047:1047 Approximately 80% 1031:1047 Approximately 80% of the N-glycans of all antibodies 1031:1082 Approximately 80% of the N-glycans of all antibodies was fucosylated, and no sialylated N-glycan was found. 27464991 7 32 theme N-glycans 1056:1064 arg1 N-glycans 1056:1064 the N-glycans 1052:1064 the N-glycans of all antibodies 1052:1082 Approximately 80% of the N-glycans of all antibodies was fucosylated, and no sialylated N-glycan was found. 27464991 9 33 theme normal 1421:1426 arg1 N-glycans 1428:1436 normal N-glycans 1421:1436 normal N-glycans 1421:1436 Here we demonstrated that recombinants of antibodies identified from hybridomas fused with SPYMEG have normal N-glycans and that their neutralizing activities bear comparison with those of the original antibodies. 27464991 3 34 theme mass 559:562 arg1 spectrometry 564:575 liquid chromatography mass spectrometry 537:575 liquid chromatography mass spectrometry 537:575 Our N-glycan analysis by intact-mass detection and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry showed that recombinant 5E4 and 5A7 have one N-glycan and the typical mammalian-type N-glycan structures similar to those in hybridomas. 27464991 7 35 gly sialylated 1108:1117 arg1 N-glycan 1119:1126 no sialylated N-glycan 1105:1126 no sialylated N-glycan 1105:1126 Approximately 80% of the N-glycans of all antibodies was fucosylated, and no sialylated N-glycan was found. 27464991 8 36 theme influenza 1184:1192 arg1 virus 1196:1200 pandemic influenza A virus 1175:1200 pandemic influenza A virus specifically 1175:1213 Recombinant 5E4 and 5A7 neutralized pandemic influenza A virus specifically, and influenza B virus broadly, quite similar to the 5E4 and 5A7 produced in hybridomas, respectively. 27464991 3 37 theme mammalian-type 647:660 arg1 structures 671:680 one N-glycan and the typical mammalian-type N-glycan structures 618:680 one N-glycan and the typical mammalian-type N-glycan structures similar to those in hybridomas 618:711 Our N-glycan analysis by intact-mass detection and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry showed that recombinant 5E4 and 5A7 have one N-glycan and the typical mammalian-type N-glycan structures similar to those in hybridomas. 27464991 9 38 theme neutralizing 1453:1464 arg1 activities 1466:1475 their neutralizing activities 1447:1475 their neutralizing activities 1447:1475 Here we demonstrated that recombinants of antibodies identified from hybridomas fused with SPYMEG have normal N-glycans and that their neutralizing activities bear comparison with those of the original antibodies. 27464991 2 39 theme hamster 465:471 arg1 cells 479:483 Chinese hamster ovary cells 457:483 Chinese hamster ovary cells 457:483 In the present study, we succeeded in achieving the recombinant production and secretion of 5E4 and 5A7 in Chinese hamster ovary cells. 27464991 1 40 theme novel 303:307 arg1 SPYMEG 342:347 SPYMEG 342:347 SPYMEG 342:347 In previous studies, hybridomas producing human immunoglobulin G, the antibodies 5E4 and 5A7 against influenza A and B virus were established using a novel human lymphocyte fusion partner, SPYMEG. 27464991 1 40 theme novel 303:307 arg1 partner 333:339 a novel human lymphocyte fusion partner 301:339 a novel human lymphocyte fusion partner 301:339 In previous studies, hybridomas producing human immunoglobulin G, the antibodies 5E4 and 5A7 against influenza A and B virus were established using a novel human lymphocyte fusion partner, SPYMEG. 27464991 3 41 theme N-glycan 662:669 arg1 structures 671:680 one N-glycan and the typical mammalian-type N-glycan structures 618:680 one N-glycan and the typical mammalian-type N-glycan structures similar to those in hybridomas 618:711 Our N-glycan analysis by intact-mass detection and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry showed that recombinant 5E4 and 5A7 have one N-glycan and the typical mammalian-type N-glycan structures similar to those in hybridomas. 27464991 2 42 theme recombinant 402:412 arg1 production 414:423 recombinant production 402:423 recombinant production 402:423 In the present study, we succeeded in achieving the recombinant production and secretion of 5E4 and 5A7 in Chinese hamster ovary cells. 27464991 2 43 theme Chinese 457:463 arg1 cells 479:483 Chinese hamster ovary cells 457:483 Chinese hamster ovary cells 457:483 In the present study, we succeeded in achieving the recombinant production and secretion of 5E4 and 5A7 in Chinese hamster ovary cells. 27464991 1 44 theme human 309:313 arg1 SPYMEG 342:347 SPYMEG 342:347 SPYMEG 342:347 In previous studies, hybridomas producing human immunoglobulin G, the antibodies 5E4 and 5A7 against influenza A and B virus were established using a novel human lymphocyte fusion partner, SPYMEG. 27464991 1 44 theme human 309:313 arg1 partner 333:339 a novel human lymphocyte fusion partner 301:339 a novel human lymphocyte fusion partner 301:339 In previous studies, hybridomas producing human immunoglobulin G, the antibodies 5E4 and 5A7 against influenza A and B virus were established using a novel human lymphocyte fusion partner, SPYMEG. 27464991 6 45 theme galactosylated 975:988 arg1 N-glycans 990:998 galactosylated N-glycans 975:998 galactosylated N-glycans 975:998 The amount of galactosylated N-glycans was increased in recombinants. 27464991 8 46 theme A 1194:1194 arg1 virus 1196:1200 pandemic influenza A virus 1175:1200 pandemic influenza A virus specifically 1175:1213 Recombinant 5E4 and 5A7 neutralized pandemic influenza A virus specifically, and influenza B virus broadly, quite similar to the 5E4 and 5A7 produced in hybridomas, respectively. 27464991 5 47 theme N-glycans 864:872 arg1 N-glycans 864:872 the total N-glycans 854:872 the total N-glycans of recombinant 5E4 and 5A7 854:899 The amount of high-mannose-type structures was under 10% of the total N-glycans of recombinant 5E4 and 5A7, compared to 20% of the 5E4 and 5A7 produced in hybridomas. 27464991 5 47 theme N-glycans 864:872 arg1 % 849:849 10% 847:849 10% of the total N-glycans of recombinant 5E4 and 5A7 847:899 The amount of high-mannose-type structures was under 10% of the total N-glycans of recombinant 5E4 and 5A7, compared to 20% of the 5E4 and 5A7 produced in hybridomas. 27464991 0 48 theme virus 68:72 arg1 antibodies 85:94 human anti-influenza virus monoclonal antibodies 47:94 human anti-influenza virus monoclonal antibodies identified from hybridomas 47:121 Recombinant production and characterization of human anti-influenza virus monoclonal antibodies identified from hybridomas fused with human lymphocytes. 27464991 1 49 theme lymphocyte 315:324 arg1 SPYMEG 342:347 SPYMEG 342:347 SPYMEG 342:347 In previous studies, hybridomas producing human immunoglobulin G, the antibodies 5E4 and 5A7 against influenza A and B virus were established using a novel human lymphocyte fusion partner, SPYMEG. 27464991 1 49 theme lymphocyte 315:324 arg1 partner 333:339 a novel human lymphocyte fusion partner 301:339 a novel human lymphocyte fusion partner 301:339 In previous studies, hybridomas producing human immunoglobulin G, the antibodies 5E4 and 5A7 against influenza A and B virus were established using a novel human lymphocyte fusion partner, SPYMEG. 27464991 5 50 theme structures 826:835 arg1 amount 798:803 The amount 794:803 The amount of high-mannose-type structures 794:835 The amount of high-mannose-type structures was under 10% of the total N-glycans of recombinant 5E4 and 5A7, compared to 20% of the 5E4 and 5A7 produced in hybridomas. 27464991 5 50 theme structures 826:835 arg1 structures 826:835 high-mannose-type structures 808:835 high-mannose-type structures 808:835 The amount of high-mannose-type structures was under 10% of the total N-glycans of recombinant 5E4 and 5A7, compared to 20% of the 5E4 and 5A7 produced in hybridomas. 27464991 3 51 theme typical 639:645 arg1 mammalian-type 647:660 the typical mammalian-type 635:660 the typical mammalian-type 635:660 Our N-glycan analysis by intact-mass detection and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry showed that recombinant 5E4 and 5A7 have one N-glycan and the typical mammalian-type N-glycan structures similar to those in hybridomas. 27464991 3 52 theme recombinant 589:599 arg1 5E4 601:603 recombinant 5E4 589:603 recombinant 5E4 589:603 Our N-glycan analysis by intact-mass detection and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry showed that recombinant 5E4 and 5A7 have one N-glycan and the typical mammalian-type N-glycan structures similar to those in hybridomas. 27464991 0 53 theme anti-influenza 53:66 arg1 virus 68:72 human anti-influenza virus 47:72 human anti-influenza virus monoclonal antibodies identified from hybridomas 47:121 Recombinant production and characterization of human anti-influenza virus monoclonal antibodies identified from hybridomas fused with human lymphocytes. 27464991 1 54 theme fusion 326:331 arg1 SPYMEG 342:347 SPYMEG 342:347 SPYMEG 342:347 In previous studies, hybridomas producing human immunoglobulin G, the antibodies 5E4 and 5A7 against influenza A and B virus were established using a novel human lymphocyte fusion partner, SPYMEG. 27464991 1 54 theme fusion 326:331 arg1 partner 333:339 a novel human lymphocyte fusion partner 301:339 a novel human lymphocyte fusion partner 301:339 In previous studies, hybridomas producing human immunoglobulin G, the antibodies 5E4 and 5A7 against influenza A and B virus were established using a novel human lymphocyte fusion partner, SPYMEG. 27464991 2 55 dep production 414:423 arg1 the 398:400 the 398:400 the 398:400 In the present study, we succeeded in achieving the recombinant production and secretion of 5E4 and 5A7 in Chinese hamster ovary cells. 27464991 3 56 theme N-glycan 622:629 arg1 structures 671:680 one N-glycan and the typical mammalian-type N-glycan structures 618:680 one N-glycan and the typical mammalian-type N-glycan structures similar to those in hybridomas 618:711 Our N-glycan analysis by intact-mass detection and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry showed that recombinant 5E4 and 5A7 have one N-glycan and the typical mammalian-type N-glycan structures similar to those in hybridomas. 27464991 5 57 theme 5A7 933:935 arg1 5A7 933:935 5A7 933:935 5A7 933:935 The amount of high-mannose-type structures was under 10% of the total N-glycans of recombinant 5E4 and 5A7, compared to 20% of the 5E4 and 5A7 produced in hybridomas. 27464991 5 57 theme 5A7 933:935 arg1 % 916:916 20% 914:916 20% of the 5E4 and 5A7 produced in hybridomas 914:958 The amount of high-mannose-type structures was under 10% of the total N-glycans of recombinant 5E4 and 5A7, compared to 20% of the 5E4 and 5A7 produced in hybridomas. 27464991 5 57 theme 5A7 933:935 arg1 5E4 925:927 5E4 925:927 5E4 925:927 The amount of high-mannose-type structures was under 10% of the total N-glycans of recombinant 5E4 and 5A7, compared to 20% of the 5E4 and 5A7 produced in hybridomas. 27464991 9 58 theme antibodies 1360:1369 arg1 recombinants 1344:1355 recombinants 1344:1355 recombinants of antibodies identified from hybridomas fused with SPYMEG 1344:1414 Here we demonstrated that recombinants of antibodies identified from hybridomas fused with SPYMEG have normal N-glycans and that their neutralizing activities bear comparison with those of the original antibodies. 27464991 1 59 theme previous 156:163 arg1 studies 165:171 previous studies 156:171 previous studies 156:171 In previous studies, hybridomas producing human immunoglobulin G, the antibodies 5E4 and 5A7 against influenza A and B virus were established using a novel human lymphocyte fusion partner, SPYMEG. 27464991 3 60 contain have 613:616 arg1 5A7 609:611 5A7 609:611 5A7 609:611 Our N-glycan analysis by intact-mass detection and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry showed that recombinant 5E4 and 5A7 have one N-glycan and the typical mammalian-type N-glycan structures similar to those in hybridomas. 27464991 3 60 contain have 613:616 arg2 structures 671:680 one N-glycan and the typical mammalian-type N-glycan structures 618:680 one N-glycan and the typical mammalian-type N-glycan structures similar to those in hybridomas 618:711 Our N-glycan analysis by intact-mass detection and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry showed that recombinant 5E4 and 5A7 have one N-glycan and the typical mammalian-type N-glycan structures similar to those in hybridomas. 27464991 3 60 contain have 613:616 arg1 5E4 601:603 recombinant 5E4 589:603 recombinant 5E4 589:603 Our N-glycan analysis by intact-mass detection and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry showed that recombinant 5E4 and 5A7 have one N-glycan and the typical mammalian-type N-glycan structures similar to those in hybridomas. 27464991 0 61 theme antibodies 85:94 arg1 characterization 27:42 characterization 27:42 characterization 27:42 Recombinant production and characterization of human anti-influenza virus monoclonal antibodies identified from hybridomas fused with human lymphocytes. 27464991 0 61 theme antibodies 85:94 arg1 production 12:21 Recombinant production 0:21 Recombinant production 0:21 Recombinant production and characterization of human anti-influenza virus monoclonal antibodies identified from hybridomas fused with human lymphocytes. 27464991 3 62 theme similar 682:688 arg1 structures 671:680 one N-glycan and the typical mammalian-type N-glycan structures 618:680 one N-glycan and the typical mammalian-type N-glycan structures similar to those in hybridomas 618:711 Our N-glycan analysis by intact-mass detection and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry showed that recombinant 5E4 and 5A7 have one N-glycan and the typical mammalian-type N-glycan structures similar to those in hybridomas. 27464991 8 63 dep 5E4 1268:1270 arg1 the 1264:1266 the 1264:1266 the 1264:1266 Recombinant 5E4 and 5A7 neutralized pandemic influenza A virus specifically, and influenza B virus broadly, quite similar to the 5E4 and 5A7 produced in hybridomas, respectively. 27464991 5 64 theme 5A7 897:899 arg1 N-glycans 864:872 the total N-glycans 854:872 the total N-glycans of recombinant 5E4 and 5A7 854:899 The amount of high-mannose-type structures was under 10% of the total N-glycans of recombinant 5E4 and 5A7, compared to 20% of the 5E4 and 5A7 produced in hybridomas. 27464991 5 65 theme recombinant 877:887 arg1 5E4 889:891 recombinant 5E4 877:891 recombinant 5E4 877:891 The amount of high-mannose-type structures was under 10% of the total N-glycans of recombinant 5E4 and 5A7, compared to 20% of the 5E4 and 5A7 produced in hybridomas. 27464991 1 66 theme influenza 254:262 arg1 A 264:264 influenza A and B virus 254:276 A 264:264 In previous studies, hybridomas producing human immunoglobulin G, the antibodies 5E4 and 5A7 against influenza A and B virus were established using a novel human lymphocyte fusion partner, SPYMEG. 27464991 0 67 theme monoclonal 74:83 arg1 antibodies 85:94 human anti-influenza virus monoclonal antibodies 47:94 human anti-influenza virus monoclonal antibodies identified from hybridomas 47:121 Recombinant production and characterization of human anti-influenza virus monoclonal antibodies identified from hybridomas fused with human lymphocytes. 27464991 8 68 theme influenza 1220:1228 arg1 virus 1232:1236 influenza B virus 1220:1236 influenza B virus 1220:1236 Recombinant 5E4 and 5A7 neutralized pandemic influenza A virus specifically, and influenza B virus broadly, quite similar to the 5E4 and 5A7 produced in hybridomas, respectively. 27464991 1 69 dep antibodies 223:232 arg1 antibodies 223:232 the antibodies 5E4 and 5A7 219:244 the antibodies 5E4 and 5A7 against influenza A and B virus 219:276 In previous studies, hybridomas producing human immunoglobulin G, the antibodies 5E4 and 5A7 against influenza A and B virus were established using a novel human lymphocyte fusion partner, SPYMEG. 27464991 1 69 dep antibodies 223:232 arg1 5A7 242:244 5A7 242:244 5A7 242:244 In previous studies, hybridomas producing human immunoglobulin G, the antibodies 5E4 and 5A7 against influenza A and B virus were established using a novel human lymphocyte fusion partner, SPYMEG. 27464991 1 69 dep antibodies 223:232 arg1 5E4 234:236 5E4 234:236 5E4 234:236 In previous studies, hybridomas producing human immunoglobulin G, the antibodies 5E4 and 5A7 against influenza A and B virus were established using a novel human lymphocyte fusion partner, SPYMEG. 27464991 3 70 theme intact-mass 511:521 arg1 detection 523:531 intact-mass detection 511:531 intact-mass detection 511:531 Our N-glycan analysis by intact-mass detection and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry showed that recombinant 5E4 and 5A7 have one N-glycan and the typical mammalian-type N-glycan structures similar to those in hybridomas. 24274486 3 0 theme experimental 670:681 arg1 % 745:745 15.33 ± 0.21% 733:745 15.33 ± 0.21% 733:745 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 3 0 theme experimental 670:681 arg1 yield 683:687 the experimental yield 666:687 the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides 666:727 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 2 1 dep parameters 303:312 arg1 parameters 303:312 optimum parameters 295:312 optimum parameters (extraction time, extraction temperature, extraction frequency, and ratio of water to raw material) that could yield a maximum polysaccharide 295:454 A central composite design was adopted to determine optimum parameters (extraction time, extraction temperature, extraction frequency, and ratio of water to raw material) that could yield a maximum polysaccharide. 24274486 2 1 dep parameters 303:312 arg1 time 326:329 extraction time 315:329 extraction time 315:329 A central composite design was adopted to determine optimum parameters (extraction time, extraction temperature, extraction frequency, and ratio of water to raw material) that could yield a maximum polysaccharide. 24274486 2 1 dep parameters 303:312 arg1 temperature 343:353 extraction temperature 332:353 extraction temperature 332:353 A central composite design was adopted to determine optimum parameters (extraction time, extraction temperature, extraction frequency, and ratio of water to raw material) that could yield a maximum polysaccharide. 24274486 2 1 dep parameters 303:312 arg1 frequency 367:375 extraction frequency 356:375 extraction frequency 356:375 A central composite design was adopted to determine optimum parameters (extraction time, extraction temperature, extraction frequency, and ratio of water to raw material) that could yield a maximum polysaccharide. 24274486 2 1 dep parameters 303:312 arg1 ratio 382:386 ratio 382:386 ratio of water to raw material 382:411 A central composite design was adopted to determine optimum parameters (extraction time, extraction temperature, extraction frequency, and ratio of water to raw material) that could yield a maximum polysaccharide. 24274486 4 2 theme 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 943:971 arg1 radicals 973:980 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals 943:980 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals 943:980 The antioxidant activity assay in vitro showed that the polysaccharides exhibited a high scavenging activity against superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals. 24274486 3 3 theme extraction 519:528 arg1 conditions 507:516 the following optimum extraction conditions 474:516 the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. 474:636 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 3 3 theme extraction 519:528 arg1 time 530:533 extraction time 519:533 extraction time 519:533 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 4 4 theme superoxide 911:920 arg1 anion 922:926 superoxide anion 911:926 superoxide anion 911:926 The antioxidant activity assay in vitro showed that the polysaccharides exhibited a high scavenging activity against superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals. 24274486 3 5 theme P. 692:693 arg1 polysaccharides 713:727 P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides 692:727 P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides 692:727 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 2 6 theme optimum 295:301 arg1 parameters 303:312 optimum parameters 295:312 optimum parameters (extraction time, extraction temperature, extraction frequency, and ratio of water to raw material) that could yield a maximum polysaccharide 295:454 A central composite design was adopted to determine optimum parameters (extraction time, extraction temperature, extraction frequency, and ratio of water to raw material) that could yield a maximum polysaccharide. 24274486 2 6 theme optimum 295:301 arg1 time 326:329 extraction time 315:329 extraction time 315:329 A central composite design was adopted to determine optimum parameters (extraction time, extraction temperature, extraction frequency, and ratio of water to raw material) that could yield a maximum polysaccharide. 24274486 2 6 theme optimum 295:301 arg1 temperature 343:353 extraction temperature 332:353 extraction temperature 332:353 A central composite design was adopted to determine optimum parameters (extraction time, extraction temperature, extraction frequency, and ratio of water to raw material) that could yield a maximum polysaccharide. 24274486 2 6 theme optimum 295:301 arg1 frequency 367:375 extraction frequency 356:375 extraction frequency 356:375 A central composite design was adopted to determine optimum parameters (extraction time, extraction temperature, extraction frequency, and ratio of water to raw material) that could yield a maximum polysaccharide. 24274486 2 6 theme optimum 295:301 arg1 ratio 382:386 ratio 382:386 ratio of water to raw material 382:411 A central composite design was adopted to determine optimum parameters (extraction time, extraction temperature, extraction frequency, and ratio of water to raw material) that could yield a maximum polysaccharide. 24274486 1 7 theme surface 130:136 arg1 methodology 138:148 response surface methodology 121:148 response surface methodology 121:148 In this study, response surface methodology was employed to optimize the extraction of polysaccharides from Phellinus nigricans mycelia. 24274486 3 8 theme extraction 496:505 arg1 time 530:533 extraction time 519:533 extraction time 519:533 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 3 8 theme extraction 496:505 arg1 temperature 618:628 extraction temperature 607:628 extraction temperature 607:628 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 3 8 theme extraction 496:505 arg1 frequency 589:597 extraction frequency 578:597 extraction frequency 578:597 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 3 8 theme extraction 496:505 arg1 2.8h 536:539 2.8h 536:539 2.8h 536:539 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 3 8 theme extraction 496:505 arg1 conditions 507:516 the following optimum extraction conditions 474:516 the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. 474:636 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 3 8 theme extraction 496:505 arg1 ratio 542:546 ratio 542:546 ratio of water to raw material 542:571 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 4 9 theme antioxidant 798:808 arg1 assay 819:823 The antioxidant activity assay 794:823 The antioxidant activity assay in vitro 794:832 The antioxidant activity assay in vitro showed that the polysaccharides exhibited a high scavenging activity against superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals. 24274486 2 10 theme raw 400:402 arg1 material 404:411 raw material 400:411 raw material 400:411 A central composite design was adopted to determine optimum parameters (extraction time, extraction temperature, extraction frequency, and ratio of water to raw material) that could yield a maximum polysaccharide. 24274486 3 11 theme predicted 777:785 arg1 yield 787:791 the predicted yield 773:791 the predicted yield 773:791 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 6 12 theme functional 1112:1121 arg1 foods 1123:1127 functional foods 1112:1127 functional foods 1112:1127 Thus, these polysaccharides can be used as natural antioxidants in functional foods or medicine. 24274486 3 13 dep conditions 507:516 arg1 time 530:533 extraction time 519:533 extraction time 519:533 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 3 13 dep conditions 507:516 arg1 temperature 618:628 extraction temperature 607:628 extraction temperature 607:628 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 3 13 dep conditions 507:516 arg1 frequency 589:597 extraction frequency 578:597 extraction frequency 578:597 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 3 13 dep conditions 507:516 arg1 2.8h 536:539 2.8h 536:539 2.8h 536:539 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 3 13 dep conditions 507:516 arg1 conditions 507:516 the following optimum extraction conditions 474:516 the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. 474:636 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 3 13 dep conditions 507:516 arg1 ratio 542:546 ratio 542:546 ratio of water to raw material 542:571 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 3 13 dep conditions 507:516 arg1 °C. 634:636 95 °C. 631:636 95 °C. 631:636 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 0 14 from Phellinus 35:43 arg1 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction of polysaccharides from Phellinus 0:43 Extraction of polysaccharides from Phellinus nigricans mycelia and their antioxidant activities in vitro. 24274486 6 15 from antioxidants 1096:1107 arg1 medicine 1132:1139 medicine 1132:1139 medicine 1132:1139 Thus, these polysaccharides can be used as natural antioxidants in functional foods or medicine. 24274486 6 15 from antioxidants 1096:1107 arg1 foods 1123:1127 functional foods 1112:1127 functional foods 1112:1127 Thus, these polysaccharides can be used as natural antioxidants in functional foods or medicine. 24274486 3 16 theme raw 560:562 arg1 material 564:571 raw material 560:571 raw material 560:571 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 3 17 theme nigricans 695:703 arg1 polysaccharides 713:727 P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides 692:727 P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides 692:727 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 2 18 theme water 391:395 arg1 parameters 303:312 optimum parameters 295:312 optimum parameters (extraction time, extraction temperature, extraction frequency, and ratio of water to raw material) that could yield a maximum polysaccharide 295:454 A central composite design was adopted to determine optimum parameters (extraction time, extraction temperature, extraction frequency, and ratio of water to raw material) that could yield a maximum polysaccharide. 24274486 2 18 theme water 391:395 arg1 time 326:329 extraction time 315:329 extraction time 315:329 A central composite design was adopted to determine optimum parameters (extraction time, extraction temperature, extraction frequency, and ratio of water to raw material) that could yield a maximum polysaccharide. 24274486 2 18 theme water 391:395 arg1 temperature 343:353 extraction temperature 332:353 extraction temperature 332:353 A central composite design was adopted to determine optimum parameters (extraction time, extraction temperature, extraction frequency, and ratio of water to raw material) that could yield a maximum polysaccharide. 24274486 2 18 theme water 391:395 arg1 frequency 367:375 extraction frequency 356:375 extraction frequency 356:375 A central composite design was adopted to determine optimum parameters (extraction time, extraction temperature, extraction frequency, and ratio of water to raw material) that could yield a maximum polysaccharide. 24274486 2 18 theme water 391:395 arg1 ratio 382:386 ratio 382:386 ratio of water to raw material 382:411 A central composite design was adopted to determine optimum parameters (extraction time, extraction temperature, extraction frequency, and ratio of water to raw material) that could yield a maximum polysaccharide. 24274486 2 19 theme maximum 433:439 arg1 polysaccharide 441:454 a maximum polysaccharide 431:454 a maximum polysaccharide 431:454 A central composite design was adopted to determine optimum parameters (extraction time, extraction temperature, extraction frequency, and ratio of water to raw material) that could yield a maximum polysaccharide. 24274486 4 20 theme activity 810:817 arg1 assay 819:823 The antioxidant activity assay 794:823 The antioxidant activity assay in vitro 794:832 The antioxidant activity assay in vitro showed that the polysaccharides exhibited a high scavenging activity against superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals. 24274486 4 21 theme scavenging 883:892 arg1 activity 894:901 a high scavenging activity 876:901 a high scavenging activity against superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals 876:980 The antioxidant activity assay in vitro showed that the polysaccharides exhibited a high scavenging activity against superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals. 24274486 5 22 theme reducing 1029:1036 arg1 power 1038:1042 a strong reducing power 1020:1042 a strong reducing power 1020:1042 These polysaccharides also exhibited a strong reducing power. 24274486 2 23 theme extraction 315:324 arg1 parameters 303:312 optimum parameters 295:312 optimum parameters (extraction time, extraction temperature, extraction frequency, and ratio of water to raw material) that could yield a maximum polysaccharide 295:454 A central composite design was adopted to determine optimum parameters (extraction time, extraction temperature, extraction frequency, and ratio of water to raw material) that could yield a maximum polysaccharide. 24274486 2 23 theme extraction 315:324 arg1 time 326:329 extraction time 315:329 extraction time 315:329 A central composite design was adopted to determine optimum parameters (extraction time, extraction temperature, extraction frequency, and ratio of water to raw material) that could yield a maximum polysaccharide. 24274486 1 24 theme polysaccharides 193:207 arg1 extraction 179:188 the extraction 175:188 the extraction of polysaccharides from Phellinus nigricans mycelia 175:240 In this study, response surface methodology was employed to optimize the extraction of polysaccharides from Phellinus nigricans mycelia. 24274486 0 25 theme polysaccharides 14:28 arg1 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction of polysaccharides from Phellinus 0:43 Extraction of polysaccharides from Phellinus nigricans mycelia and their antioxidant activities in vitro. 24274486 3 26 theme mycelia 705:711 arg1 polysaccharides 713:727 P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides 692:727 P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides 692:727 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 4 27 theme high 878:881 arg1 activity 894:901 a high scavenging activity 876:901 a high scavenging activity against superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals 876:980 The antioxidant activity assay in vitro showed that the polysaccharides exhibited a high scavenging activity against superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals. 24274486 3 28 theme polysaccharides 713:727 arg1 % 745:745 15.33 ± 0.21% 733:745 15.33 ± 0.21% 733:745 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 3 28 theme polysaccharides 713:727 arg1 yield 683:687 the experimental yield 666:687 the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides 666:727 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 2 29 theme central 245:251 arg1 design 263:268 A central composite design 243:268 A central composite design 243:268 A central composite design was adopted to determine optimum parameters (extraction time, extraction temperature, extraction frequency, and ratio of water to raw material) that could yield a maximum polysaccharide. 24274486 1 30 theme Phellinus 214:222 arg1 mycelia 234:240 Phellinus nigricans mycelia 214:240 Phellinus nigricans mycelia 214:240 In this study, response surface methodology was employed to optimize the extraction of polysaccharides from Phellinus nigricans mycelia. 24274486 3 31 theme extraction 578:587 arg1 conditions 507:516 the following optimum extraction conditions 474:516 the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. 474:636 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 3 31 theme extraction 578:587 arg1 frequency 589:597 extraction frequency 578:597 extraction frequency 578:597 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 6 32 used used 1080:1083 arg2 polysaccharides 1057:1071 these polysaccharides 1051:1071 these polysaccharides 1051:1071 Thus, these polysaccharides can be used as natural antioxidants in functional foods or medicine. 24274486 6 32 used used 1080:1083 arg2 antioxidants 1096:1107 natural antioxidants 1088:1107 natural antioxidants in functional foods or medicine 1088:1139 Thus, these polysaccharides can be used as natural antioxidants in functional foods or medicine. 24274486 1 33 theme nigricans 224:232 arg1 mycelia 234:240 Phellinus nigricans mycelia 214:240 Phellinus nigricans mycelia 214:240 In this study, response surface methodology was employed to optimize the extraction of polysaccharides from Phellinus nigricans mycelia. 24274486 3 34 theme extraction 607:616 arg1 temperature 618:628 extraction temperature 607:628 extraction temperature 607:628 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 3 34 theme extraction 607:616 arg1 °C. 634:636 95 °C. 631:636 95 °C. 631:636 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 3 34 theme extraction 607:616 arg1 conditions 507:516 the following optimum extraction conditions 474:516 the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. 474:636 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 5 35 theme strong 1022:1027 arg1 power 1038:1042 a strong reducing power 1020:1042 a strong reducing power 1020:1042 These polysaccharides also exhibited a strong reducing power. 24274486 2 36 theme extraction 356:365 arg1 parameters 303:312 optimum parameters 295:312 optimum parameters (extraction time, extraction temperature, extraction frequency, and ratio of water to raw material) that could yield a maximum polysaccharide 295:454 A central composite design was adopted to determine optimum parameters (extraction time, extraction temperature, extraction frequency, and ratio of water to raw material) that could yield a maximum polysaccharide. 24274486 2 36 theme extraction 356:365 arg1 frequency 367:375 extraction frequency 356:375 extraction frequency 356:375 A central composite design was adopted to determine optimum parameters (extraction time, extraction temperature, extraction frequency, and ratio of water to raw material) that could yield a maximum polysaccharide. 24274486 3 37 theme ± 739:739 arg1 % 745:745 15.33 ± 0.21% 733:745 15.33 ± 0.21% 733:745 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 3 37 theme ± 739:739 arg1 yield 683:687 the experimental yield 666:687 the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides 666:727 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 3 38 theme 28 574:575 arg1 ratio 542:546 ratio 542:546 ratio of water to raw material 542:571 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 3 38 theme 28 574:575 arg1 conditions 507:516 the following optimum extraction conditions 474:516 the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. 474:636 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 1 39 from mycelia 234:240 arg1 extraction 179:188 the extraction 175:188 the extraction of polysaccharides from Phellinus nigricans mycelia 175:240 In this study, response surface methodology was employed to optimize the extraction of polysaccharides from Phellinus nigricans mycelia. 24274486 1 39 from mycelia 234:240 arg1 polysaccharides 193:207 polysaccharides 193:207 polysaccharides from Phellinus nigricans mycelia 193:240 In this study, response surface methodology was employed to optimize the extraction of polysaccharides from Phellinus nigricans mycelia. 24274486 3 40 theme optimized 644:652 arg1 conditions 654:663 optimized conditions 644:663 optimized conditions 644:663 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 3 41 theme 5 600:600 arg1 conditions 507:516 the following optimum extraction conditions 474:516 the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. 474:636 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 3 41 theme 5 600:600 arg1 frequency 589:597 extraction frequency 578:597 extraction frequency 578:597 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 1 42 theme response 121:128 arg1 methodology 138:148 response surface methodology 121:148 response surface methodology 121:148 In this study, response surface methodology was employed to optimize the extraction of polysaccharides from Phellinus nigricans mycelia. 24274486 3 43 theme water 551:555 arg1 time 530:533 extraction time 519:533 extraction time 519:533 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 3 43 theme water 551:555 arg1 temperature 618:628 extraction temperature 607:628 extraction temperature 607:628 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 3 43 theme water 551:555 arg1 frequency 589:597 extraction frequency 578:597 extraction frequency 578:597 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 3 43 theme water 551:555 arg1 2.8h 536:539 2.8h 536:539 2.8h 536:539 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 3 43 theme water 551:555 arg1 conditions 507:516 the following optimum extraction conditions 474:516 the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. 474:636 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 3 43 theme water 551:555 arg1 ratio 542:546 ratio 542:546 ratio of water to raw material 542:571 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 3 43 theme water 551:555 arg1 °C. 634:636 95 °C. 631:636 95 °C. 631:636 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 1 44 from extraction 179:188 arg1 mycelia 234:240 Phellinus nigricans mycelia 214:240 Phellinus nigricans mycelia 214:240 In this study, response surface methodology was employed to optimize the extraction of polysaccharides from Phellinus nigricans mycelia. 24274486 2 45 theme extraction 332:341 arg1 parameters 303:312 optimum parameters 295:312 optimum parameters (extraction time, extraction temperature, extraction frequency, and ratio of water to raw material) that could yield a maximum polysaccharide 295:454 A central composite design was adopted to determine optimum parameters (extraction time, extraction temperature, extraction frequency, and ratio of water to raw material) that could yield a maximum polysaccharide. 24274486 2 45 theme extraction 332:341 arg1 temperature 343:353 extraction temperature 332:353 extraction temperature 332:353 A central composite design was adopted to determine optimum parameters (extraction time, extraction temperature, extraction frequency, and ratio of water to raw material) that could yield a maximum polysaccharide. 24274486 3 46 theme following 478:486 arg1 time 530:533 extraction time 519:533 extraction time 519:533 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 3 46 theme following 478:486 arg1 temperature 618:628 extraction temperature 607:628 extraction temperature 607:628 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 3 46 theme following 478:486 arg1 frequency 589:597 extraction frequency 578:597 extraction frequency 578:597 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 3 46 theme following 478:486 arg1 2.8h 536:539 2.8h 536:539 2.8h 536:539 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 3 46 theme following 478:486 arg1 conditions 507:516 the following optimum extraction conditions 474:516 the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. 474:636 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 3 46 theme following 478:486 arg1 ratio 542:546 ratio 542:546 ratio of water to raw material 542:571 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 0 47 theme antioxidant 73:83 arg1 activities 85:94 their antioxidant activities 67:94 their antioxidant activities 67:94 Extraction of polysaccharides from Phellinus nigricans mycelia and their antioxidant activities in vitro. 24274486 3 48 theme optimum 488:494 arg1 time 530:533 extraction time 519:533 extraction time 519:533 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 3 48 theme optimum 488:494 arg1 temperature 618:628 extraction temperature 607:628 extraction temperature 607:628 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 3 48 theme optimum 488:494 arg1 frequency 589:597 extraction frequency 578:597 extraction frequency 578:597 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 3 48 theme optimum 488:494 arg1 2.8h 536:539 2.8h 536:539 2.8h 536:539 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 3 48 theme optimum 488:494 arg1 conditions 507:516 the following optimum extraction conditions 474:516 the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. 474:636 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 3 48 theme optimum 488:494 arg1 ratio 542:546 ratio 542:546 ratio of water to raw material 542:571 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 2 49 theme composite 253:261 arg1 design 263:268 A central composite design 243:268 A central composite design 243:268 A central composite design was adopted to determine optimum parameters (extraction time, extraction temperature, extraction frequency, and ratio of water to raw material) that could yield a maximum polysaccharide. 24274486 3 50 with consistent 757:766 arg1 yield 787:791 the predicted yield 773:791 the predicted yield 773:791 Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. 24274486 6 51 theme natural 1088:1094 arg1 polysaccharides 1057:1071 these polysaccharides 1051:1071 these polysaccharides 1051:1071 Thus, these polysaccharides can be used as natural antioxidants in functional foods or medicine. 24274486 6 51 theme natural 1088:1094 arg1 antioxidants 1096:1107 natural antioxidants 1088:1107 natural antioxidants in functional foods or medicine 1088:1139 Thus, these polysaccharides can be used as natural antioxidants in functional foods or medicine. 26945827 0 0 theme fed-batch 78:86 arg1 cultivation 88:98 fed-batch cultivation 78:98 fed-batch cultivation 78:98 Lipid production from hemicellulose with Lipomyces starkeyi in a pH regulated fed-batch cultivation. 26945827 2 1 contain containing 330:339 arg2 sugar 370:374 the major sugar 360:374 the major sugar 360:374 Birch wood chips were thermochemically pretreated by hot water extraction, and the liquid phase, containing 45.1 g/l xylose as the major sugar, 13.1 g/l acetic acid and 4.7 g/l furfural, was used for cultivations of L. starkeyi CBS1807. 26945827 2 1 contain containing 330:339 arg2 xylose 350:355 45.1 g/l xylose 341:355 45.1 g/l xylose 341:355 Birch wood chips were thermochemically pretreated by hot water extraction, and the liquid phase, containing 45.1 g/l xylose as the major sugar, 13.1 g/l acetic acid and 4.7 g/l furfural, was used for cultivations of L. starkeyi CBS1807. 26945827 2 1 contain containing 330:339 arg1 phase 323:327 the liquid phase 312:327 the liquid phase 312:327 Birch wood chips were thermochemically pretreated by hot water extraction, and the liquid phase, containing 45.1 g/l xylose as the major sugar, 13.1 g/l acetic acid and 4.7 g/l furfural, was used for cultivations of L. starkeyi CBS1807. 26945827 11 2 theme fatty 1681:1685 arg1 C18:1 1641:1645 C18:1 1641:1645 C18:1 1641:1645 Lipid composition was similar in all cultivations, with C18:1 and C16:0 being the most abundant fatty acids. 26945827 11 2 theme fatty 1681:1685 arg1 C16:0 1651:1655 C16:0 1651:1655 C16:0 1651:1655 Lipid composition was similar in all cultivations, with C18:1 and C16:0 being the most abundant fatty acids. 26945827 11 2 theme fatty 1681:1685 arg1 acids 1687:1691 the most abundant fatty acids 1663:1691 the most abundant fatty acids 1663:1691 Lipid composition was similar in all cultivations, with C18:1 and C16:0 being the most abundant fatty acids. 26945827 6 3 theme pH-regulation 998:1010 arg1 system 1012:1017 the pH-regulation system 994:1017 the pH-regulation system of the bioreactor 994:1035 This phenomenon was utilized to establish a pH-stat fed-batch cultivation in which, after an initial feeding, hydrolysate or model mixture was connected to the pH-regulation system of the bioreactor. 26945827 2 4 theme L. 449:450 arg1 starkeyi 452:459 L. starkeyi CBS1807 449:467 L. starkeyi CBS1807 449:467 Birch wood chips were thermochemically pretreated by hot water extraction, and the liquid phase, containing 45.1 g/l xylose as the major sugar, 13.1 g/l acetic acid and 4.7 g/l furfural, was used for cultivations of L. starkeyi CBS1807. 26945827 0 5 from production 6:15 arg1 pH 65:66 a pH 63:66 a pH 63:66 Lipid production from hemicellulose with Lipomyces starkeyi in a pH regulated fed-batch cultivation. 26945827 1 6 from fraction 166:173 arg1 production 131:140 lipid production 125:140 lipid production from the hemicellulosic fraction of birch wood by the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi 125:230 This study investigated lipid production from the hemicellulosic fraction of birch wood by the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi. 26945827 8 7 theme lipid 1221:1225 arg1 content 1227:1233 a maximum lipid content 1211:1233 a maximum lipid content of 60.5% of the cell dry weight (CDW) 1211:1271 In cultivations fed with model mixture, a maximum lipid content of 60.5% of the cell dry weight (CDW) was obtained; however, not all xylose was consumed. 26945827 9 8 theme lipid 1453:1457 arg1 content 1459:1465 maximum lipid content 1445:1465 maximum lipid content of 51.3% 1445:1474 When feeding hydrolysate, growth was promoted and carbon sources were completely consumed, resulting in higher CDW with maximum lipid content of 51.3%. 26945827 2 9 theme starkeyi 452:459 arg1 cultivations 433:444 cultivations 433:444 cultivations of L. starkeyi CBS1807 433:467 Birch wood chips were thermochemically pretreated by hot water extraction, and the liquid phase, containing 45.1 g/l xylose as the major sugar, 13.1 g/l acetic acid and 4.7 g/l furfural, was used for cultivations of L. starkeyi CBS1807. 26945827 10 10 from g/l 1524:1526 arg1 cultures 1485:1492 both cultures 1480:1492 both cultures 1480:1492 In both cultures the lipid concentration was 8 g/l and a lipid yield of 0.1 g/g carbon source was obtained. 26945827 6 11 theme pH-stat 882:888 arg1 cultivation 900:910 a pH-stat fed-batch cultivation 880:910 a pH-stat fed-batch cultivation in which, after an initial feeding, hydrolysate or model mixture was connected to the pH-regulation system of the bioreactor 880:1035 This phenomenon was utilized to establish a pH-stat fed-batch cultivation in which, after an initial feeding, hydrolysate or model mixture was connected to the pH-regulation system of the bioreactor. 26945827 7 12 from growth 1073:1078 arg1 cultures 1104:1111 cultures 1104:1111 cultures grown on either xylose or glucose during the batch phase 1104:1168 Under these conditions we obtained growth and lipid production in cultures grown on either xylose or glucose during the batch phase. 26945827 12 13 dep & 1722:1722 arg1 Sons 1724:1727 Sons 1724:1727 Sons 1724:1727 Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 26945827 9 14 theme carbon 1375:1380 arg1 sources 1382:1388 carbon sources 1375:1388 carbon sources 1375:1388 When feeding hydrolysate, growth was promoted and carbon sources were completely consumed, resulting in higher CDW with maximum lipid content of 51.3%. 26945827 3 15 contain containing 556:565 arg2 hydrolysate 571:581 30% hydrolysate 567:581 30% hydrolysate 567:581 The hydrolysate strongly inhibited yeast growth; the strain could only grow in medium containing 30% hydrolysate at pH 6. 26945827 3 15 contain containing 556:565 arg1 medium 549:554 medium 549:554 medium containing 30% hydrolysate at pH 6 549:589 The hydrolysate strongly inhibited yeast growth; the strain could only grow in medium containing 30% hydrolysate at pH 6. 26945827 5 16 theme pH 825:826 arg1 increase 828:835 a pH increase 823:835 a pH increase 823:835 In fed-batch cultures fed with hydrolysate or a model xylose-acetic acid mixture, co-consumption of xylose and acetic acid was observed, which resulted in a pH increase. 26945827 11 17 from similar 1607:1613 arg1 cultivations 1622:1633 all cultivations 1618:1633 all cultivations 1618:1633 Lipid composition was similar in all cultivations, with C18:1 and C16:0 being the most abundant fatty acids. 26945827 5 18 theme xylose 768:773 arg1 co-consumption 750:763 co-consumption 750:763 co-consumption of xylose and acetic acid 750:789 In fed-batch cultures fed with hydrolysate or a model xylose-acetic acid mixture, co-consumption of xylose and acetic acid was observed, which resulted in a pH increase. 26945827 2 19 theme water 290:294 arg1 extraction 296:305 hot water extraction 286:305 hot water extraction 286:305 Birch wood chips were thermochemically pretreated by hot water extraction, and the liquid phase, containing 45.1 g/l xylose as the major sugar, 13.1 g/l acetic acid and 4.7 g/l furfural, was used for cultivations of L. starkeyi CBS1807. 26945827 1 20 theme birch 178:182 arg1 wood 184:187 birch wood 178:187 birch wood 178:187 This study investigated lipid production from the hemicellulosic fraction of birch wood by the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi. 26945827 5 21 theme fed-batch 671:679 arg1 cultures 681:688 fed-batch cultures 671:688 fed-batch cultures fed with hydrolysate or a model xylose-acetic acid mixture 671:747 In fed-batch cultures fed with hydrolysate or a model xylose-acetic acid mixture, co-consumption of xylose and acetic acid was observed, which resulted in a pH increase. 26945827 8 22 theme model 1196:1200 arg1 mixture 1202:1208 model mixture 1196:1208 model mixture 1196:1208 In cultivations fed with model mixture, a maximum lipid content of 60.5% of the cell dry weight (CDW) was obtained; however, not all xylose was consumed. 26945827 2 23 theme hot 286:288 arg1 extraction 296:305 hot water extraction 286:305 hot water extraction 286:305 Birch wood chips were thermochemically pretreated by hot water extraction, and the liquid phase, containing 45.1 g/l xylose as the major sugar, 13.1 g/l acetic acid and 4.7 g/l furfural, was used for cultivations of L. starkeyi CBS1807. 26945827 1 24 theme wood 184:187 arg1 fraction 166:173 the hemicellulosic fraction 147:173 the hemicellulosic fraction of birch wood 147:187 This study investigated lipid production from the hemicellulosic fraction of birch wood by the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi. 26945827 5 25 theme acid 736:739 arg1 mixture 741:747 a model xylose-acetic acid mixture 714:747 a model xylose-acetic acid mixture 714:747 In fed-batch cultures fed with hydrolysate or a model xylose-acetic acid mixture, co-consumption of xylose and acetic acid was observed, which resulted in a pH increase. 26945827 7 26 from production 1090:1099 arg1 cultures 1104:1111 cultures 1104:1111 cultures grown on either xylose or glucose during the batch phase 1104:1168 Under these conditions we obtained growth and lipid production in cultures grown on either xylose or glucose during the batch phase. 26945827 10 27 theme g/g 1553:1555 arg1 source 1564:1569 0.1 g/g carbon source 1549:1569 0.1 g/g carbon source 1549:1569 In both cultures the lipid concentration was 8 g/l and a lipid yield of 0.1 g/g carbon source was obtained. 26945827 4 28 dep % 653:653 arg1 10 651:652 10 651:652 10 651:652 At pH 5, growth stopped already upon the addition of about 10% hydrolysate. 26945827 7 29 theme lipid 1084:1088 arg1 production 1090:1099 lipid production 1084:1099 lipid production 1084:1099 Under these conditions we obtained growth and lipid production in cultures grown on either xylose or glucose during the batch phase. 26945827 10 30 theme source 1564:1569 arg1 yield 1540:1544 a lipid yield 1532:1544 a lipid yield of 0.1 g/g carbon source 1532:1569 In both cultures the lipid concentration was 8 g/l and a lipid yield of 0.1 g/g carbon source was obtained. 26945827 0 31 theme Lipid 0:4 arg1 production 6:15 Lipid production 0:15 Lipid production from hemicellulose with Lipomyces starkeyi in a pH 0:66 Lipid production from hemicellulose with Lipomyces starkeyi in a pH regulated fed-batch cultivation. 26945827 6 32 theme fed-batch 890:898 arg1 cultivation 900:910 a pH-stat fed-batch cultivation 880:910 a pH-stat fed-batch cultivation in which, after an initial feeding, hydrolysate or model mixture was connected to the pH-regulation system of the bioreactor 880:1035 This phenomenon was utilized to establish a pH-stat fed-batch cultivation in which, after an initial feeding, hydrolysate or model mixture was connected to the pH-regulation system of the bioreactor. 26945827 11 33 from cultivations 1622:1633 arg1 similar 1607:1613 similar 1607:1613 similar 1607:1613 Lipid composition was similar in all cultivations, with C18:1 and C16:0 being the most abundant fatty acids. 26945827 5 34 theme acid 786:789 arg1 co-consumption 750:763 co-consumption 750:763 co-consumption of xylose and acetic acid 750:789 In fed-batch cultures fed with hydrolysate or a model xylose-acetic acid mixture, co-consumption of xylose and acetic acid was observed, which resulted in a pH increase. 26945827 2 35 theme liquid 316:321 arg1 phase 323:327 the liquid phase 312:327 the liquid phase 312:327 Birch wood chips were thermochemically pretreated by hot water extraction, and the liquid phase, containing 45.1 g/l xylose as the major sugar, 13.1 g/l acetic acid and 4.7 g/l furfural, was used for cultivations of L. starkeyi CBS1807. 26945827 4 36 theme hydrolysate 655:665 arg1 addition 633:640 the addition 629:640 the addition of about 10% hydrolysate 629:665 At pH 5, growth stopped already upon the addition of about 10% hydrolysate. 26945827 8 37 theme weight 1260:1265 arg1 % 1242:1242 60.5% 1238:1242 60.5% of the cell dry weight (CDW) 1238:1271 In cultivations fed with model mixture, a maximum lipid content of 60.5% of the cell dry weight (CDW) was obtained; however, not all xylose was consumed. 26945827 8 37 theme weight 1260:1265 arg1 CDW 1268:1270 CDW 1268:1270 CDW 1268:1270 In cultivations fed with model mixture, a maximum lipid content of 60.5% of the cell dry weight (CDW) was obtained; however, not all xylose was consumed. 26945827 8 37 theme weight 1260:1265 arg1 weight 1260:1265 the cell dry weight 1247:1265 the cell dry weight (CDW) 1247:1271 In cultivations fed with model mixture, a maximum lipid content of 60.5% of the cell dry weight (CDW) was obtained; however, not all xylose was consumed. 26945827 1 38 theme oleaginous 196:205 arg1 starkeyi 223:230 the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi 192:230 the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi 192:230 This study investigated lipid production from the hemicellulosic fraction of birch wood by the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi. 26945827 2 39 theme g/l 406:408 arg1 furfural 410:417 4.7 g/l furfural 402:417 4.7 g/l furfural 402:417 Birch wood chips were thermochemically pretreated by hot water extraction, and the liquid phase, containing 45.1 g/l xylose as the major sugar, 13.1 g/l acetic acid and 4.7 g/l furfural, was used for cultivations of L. starkeyi CBS1807. 26945827 3 40 theme yeast 505:509 arg1 growth 511:516 yeast growth 505:516 yeast growth 505:516 The hydrolysate strongly inhibited yeast growth; the strain could only grow in medium containing 30% hydrolysate at pH 6. 26945827 8 41 theme dry 1256:1258 arg1 CDW 1268:1270 CDW 1268:1270 CDW 1268:1270 In cultivations fed with model mixture, a maximum lipid content of 60.5% of the cell dry weight (CDW) was obtained; however, not all xylose was consumed. 26945827 8 41 theme dry 1256:1258 arg1 weight 1260:1265 the cell dry weight 1247:1265 the cell dry weight (CDW) 1247:1271 In cultivations fed with model mixture, a maximum lipid content of 60.5% of the cell dry weight (CDW) was obtained; however, not all xylose was consumed. 26945827 1 42 theme yeast 207:211 arg1 starkeyi 223:230 the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi 192:230 the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi 192:230 This study investigated lipid production from the hemicellulosic fraction of birch wood by the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi. 26945827 6 43 used utilized 858:865 arg2 phenomenon 843:852 This phenomenon 838:852 This phenomenon 838:852 This phenomenon was utilized to establish a pH-stat fed-batch cultivation in which, after an initial feeding, hydrolysate or model mixture was connected to the pH-regulation system of the bioreactor. 26945827 7 44 theme batch 1158:1162 arg1 phase 1164:1168 the batch phase 1154:1168 the batch phase 1154:1168 Under these conditions we obtained growth and lipid production in cultures grown on either xylose or glucose during the batch phase. 26945827 9 45 theme maximum 1445:1451 arg1 content 1459:1465 maximum lipid content 1445:1465 maximum lipid content of 51.3% 1445:1474 When feeding hydrolysate, growth was promoted and carbon sources were completely consumed, resulting in higher CDW with maximum lipid content of 51.3%. 26945827 1 46 theme Lipomyces 213:221 arg1 starkeyi 223:230 the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi 192:230 the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi 192:230 This study investigated lipid production from the hemicellulosic fraction of birch wood by the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi. 26945827 2 47 theme g/l 382:384 arg1 acid 393:396 13.1 g/l acetic acid 377:396 13.1 g/l acetic acid 377:396 Birch wood chips were thermochemically pretreated by hot water extraction, and the liquid phase, containing 45.1 g/l xylose as the major sugar, 13.1 g/l acetic acid and 4.7 g/l furfural, was used for cultivations of L. starkeyi CBS1807. 26945827 2 48 theme wood 239:242 arg1 chips 244:248 Birch wood chips 233:248 Birch wood chips 233:248 Birch wood chips were thermochemically pretreated by hot water extraction, and the liquid phase, containing 45.1 g/l xylose as the major sugar, 13.1 g/l acetic acid and 4.7 g/l furfural, was used for cultivations of L. starkeyi CBS1807. 26945827 0 49 with hemicellulose 22:34 arg1 Lipomyces 41:49 Lipomyces 41:49 Lipomyces 41:49 Lipid production from hemicellulose with Lipomyces starkeyi in a pH regulated fed-batch cultivation. 26945827 2 50 theme acetic 386:391 arg1 acid 393:396 13.1 g/l acetic acid 377:396 13.1 g/l acetic acid 377:396 Birch wood chips were thermochemically pretreated by hot water extraction, and the liquid phase, containing 45.1 g/l xylose as the major sugar, 13.1 g/l acetic acid and 4.7 g/l furfural, was used for cultivations of L. starkeyi CBS1807. 26945827 5 51 theme model 716:720 arg1 mixture 741:747 a model xylose-acetic acid mixture 714:747 a model xylose-acetic acid mixture 714:747 In fed-batch cultures fed with hydrolysate or a model xylose-acetic acid mixture, co-consumption of xylose and acetic acid was observed, which resulted in a pH increase. 26945827 9 52 with CDW 1436:1438 arg1 content 1459:1465 maximum lipid content 1445:1465 maximum lipid content of 51.3% 1445:1474 When feeding hydrolysate, growth was promoted and carbon sources were completely consumed, resulting in higher CDW with maximum lipid content of 51.3%. 26945827 8 53 theme cell 1251:1254 arg1 CDW 1268:1270 CDW 1268:1270 CDW 1268:1270 In cultivations fed with model mixture, a maximum lipid content of 60.5% of the cell dry weight (CDW) was obtained; however, not all xylose was consumed. 26945827 8 53 theme cell 1251:1254 arg1 weight 1260:1265 the cell dry weight 1247:1265 the cell dry weight (CDW) 1247:1271 In cultivations fed with model mixture, a maximum lipid content of 60.5% of the cell dry weight (CDW) was obtained; however, not all xylose was consumed. 26945827 5 54 located observed 795:802 arg2 co-consumption 750:763 co-consumption 750:763 co-consumption of xylose and acetic acid 750:789 In fed-batch cultures fed with hydrolysate or a model xylose-acetic acid mixture, co-consumption of xylose and acetic acid was observed, which resulted in a pH increase. 26945827 5 54 located observed 795:802 arg1 cultures 681:688 fed-batch cultures 671:688 fed-batch cultures fed with hydrolysate or a model xylose-acetic acid mixture 671:747 In fed-batch cultures fed with hydrolysate or a model xylose-acetic acid mixture, co-consumption of xylose and acetic acid was observed, which resulted in a pH increase. 26945827 2 55 theme Birch 233:237 arg1 chips 244:248 Birch wood chips 233:248 Birch wood chips 233:248 Birch wood chips were thermochemically pretreated by hot water extraction, and the liquid phase, containing 45.1 g/l xylose as the major sugar, 13.1 g/l acetic acid and 4.7 g/l furfural, was used for cultivations of L. starkeyi CBS1807. 26945827 2 56 theme g/l 346:348 arg1 sugar 370:374 the major sugar 360:374 the major sugar 360:374 Birch wood chips were thermochemically pretreated by hot water extraction, and the liquid phase, containing 45.1 g/l xylose as the major sugar, 13.1 g/l acetic acid and 4.7 g/l furfural, was used for cultivations of L. starkeyi CBS1807. 26945827 2 56 theme g/l 346:348 arg1 xylose 350:355 45.1 g/l xylose 341:355 45.1 g/l xylose 341:355 Birch wood chips were thermochemically pretreated by hot water extraction, and the liquid phase, containing 45.1 g/l xylose as the major sugar, 13.1 g/l acetic acid and 4.7 g/l furfural, was used for cultivations of L. starkeyi CBS1807. 26945827 5 57 theme xylose-acetic 722:734 arg1 mixture 741:747 a model xylose-acetic acid mixture 714:747 a model xylose-acetic acid mixture 714:747 In fed-batch cultures fed with hydrolysate or a model xylose-acetic acid mixture, co-consumption of xylose and acetic acid was observed, which resulted in a pH increase. 26945827 11 58 theme Lipid 1585:1589 arg1 composition 1591:1601 Lipid composition 1585:1601 Lipid composition 1585:1601 Lipid composition was similar in all cultivations, with C18:1 and C16:0 being the most abundant fatty acids. 26945827 2 59 used used 424:427 arg2 phase 323:327 the liquid phase 312:327 the liquid phase 312:327 Birch wood chips were thermochemically pretreated by hot water extraction, and the liquid phase, containing 45.1 g/l xylose as the major sugar, 13.1 g/l acetic acid and 4.7 g/l furfural, was used for cultivations of L. starkeyi CBS1807. 26945827 9 60 theme % 1474:1474 arg1 content 1459:1465 maximum lipid content 1445:1465 maximum lipid content of 51.3% 1445:1474 When feeding hydrolysate, growth was promoted and carbon sources were completely consumed, resulting in higher CDW with maximum lipid content of 51.3%. 26945827 1 61 theme lipid 125:129 arg1 production 131:140 lipid production 125:140 lipid production from the hemicellulosic fraction of birch wood by the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi 125:230 This study investigated lipid production from the hemicellulosic fraction of birch wood by the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi. 26945827 11 62 theme abundant 1672:1679 arg1 C18:1 1641:1645 C18:1 1641:1645 C18:1 1641:1645 Lipid composition was similar in all cultivations, with C18:1 and C16:0 being the most abundant fatty acids. 26945827 11 62 theme abundant 1672:1679 arg1 C16:0 1651:1655 C16:0 1651:1655 C16:0 1651:1655 Lipid composition was similar in all cultivations, with C18:1 and C16:0 being the most abundant fatty acids. 26945827 11 62 theme abundant 1672:1679 arg1 acids 1687:1691 the most abundant fatty acids 1663:1691 the most abundant fatty acids 1663:1691 Lipid composition was similar in all cultivations, with C18:1 and C16:0 being the most abundant fatty acids. 26945827 3 63 theme 30 567:568 arg1 % 569:569 % 569:569 % 569:569 The hydrolysate strongly inhibited yeast growth; the strain could only grow in medium containing 30% hydrolysate at pH 6. 26945827 6 64 theme bioreactor 1026:1035 arg1 system 1012:1017 the pH-regulation system 994:1017 the pH-regulation system of the bioreactor 994:1035 This phenomenon was utilized to establish a pH-stat fed-batch cultivation in which, after an initial feeding, hydrolysate or model mixture was connected to the pH-regulation system of the bioreactor. 26945827 9 65 theme higher 1429:1434 arg1 CDW 1436:1438 higher CDW 1429:1438 higher CDW with maximum lipid content of 51.3% 1429:1474 When feeding hydrolysate, growth was promoted and carbon sources were completely consumed, resulting in higher CDW with maximum lipid content of 51.3%. 26945827 8 66 theme % 1242:1242 arg1 content 1227:1233 a maximum lipid content 1211:1233 a maximum lipid content of 60.5% of the cell dry weight (CDW) 1211:1271 In cultivations fed with model mixture, a maximum lipid content of 60.5% of the cell dry weight (CDW) was obtained; however, not all xylose was consumed. 26945827 8 67 theme maximum 1213:1219 arg1 content 1227:1233 a maximum lipid content 1211:1233 a maximum lipid content of 60.5% of the cell dry weight (CDW) 1211:1271 In cultivations fed with model mixture, a maximum lipid content of 60.5% of the cell dry weight (CDW) was obtained; however, not all xylose was consumed. 26945827 10 68 theme lipid 1498:1502 arg1 concentration 1504:1516 the lipid concentration 1494:1516 the lipid concentration 1494:1516 In both cultures the lipid concentration was 8 g/l and a lipid yield of 0.1 g/g carbon source was obtained. 26945827 10 68 theme lipid 1498:1502 arg1 g/l 1524:1526 8 g/l 1522:1526 8 g/l 1522:1526 In both cultures the lipid concentration was 8 g/l and a lipid yield of 0.1 g/g carbon source was obtained. 26945827 4 69 dep hydrolysate 655:665 arg1 % 653:653 % 653:653 % 653:653 At pH 5, growth stopped already upon the addition of about 10% hydrolysate. 26945827 6 70 theme initial 931:937 arg1 feeding 939:945 an initial feeding 928:945 an initial feeding 928:945 This phenomenon was utilized to establish a pH-stat fed-batch cultivation in which, after an initial feeding, hydrolysate or model mixture was connected to the pH-regulation system of the bioreactor. 26945827 5 71 theme acetic 779:784 arg1 acid 786:789 acetic acid 779:789 acetic acid 779:789 In fed-batch cultures fed with hydrolysate or a model xylose-acetic acid mixture, co-consumption of xylose and acetic acid was observed, which resulted in a pH increase. 26945827 3 72 theme % 569:569 arg1 hydrolysate 571:581 30% hydrolysate 567:581 30% hydrolysate 567:581 The hydrolysate strongly inhibited yeast growth; the strain could only grow in medium containing 30% hydrolysate at pH 6. 26945827 6 73 theme model 963:967 arg1 mixture 969:975 model mixture 963:975 model mixture 963:975 This phenomenon was utilized to establish a pH-stat fed-batch cultivation in which, after an initial feeding, hydrolysate or model mixture was connected to the pH-regulation system of the bioreactor. 26945827 2 74 theme major 364:368 arg1 sugar 370:374 the major sugar 360:374 the major sugar 360:374 Birch wood chips were thermochemically pretreated by hot water extraction, and the liquid phase, containing 45.1 g/l xylose as the major sugar, 13.1 g/l acetic acid and 4.7 g/l furfural, was used for cultivations of L. starkeyi CBS1807. 26945827 2 74 theme major 364:368 arg1 xylose 350:355 45.1 g/l xylose 341:355 45.1 g/l xylose 341:355 Birch wood chips were thermochemically pretreated by hot water extraction, and the liquid phase, containing 45.1 g/l xylose as the major sugar, 13.1 g/l acetic acid and 4.7 g/l furfural, was used for cultivations of L. starkeyi CBS1807. 26945827 2 75 theme 13.1 377:380 arg1 g/l 382:384 g/l 382:384 g/l 382:384 Birch wood chips were thermochemically pretreated by hot water extraction, and the liquid phase, containing 45.1 g/l xylose as the major sugar, 13.1 g/l acetic acid and 4.7 g/l furfural, was used for cultivations of L. starkeyi CBS1807. 26945827 10 76 theme carbon 1557:1562 arg1 source 1564:1569 0.1 g/g carbon source 1549:1569 0.1 g/g carbon source 1549:1569 In both cultures the lipid concentration was 8 g/l and a lipid yield of 0.1 g/g carbon source was obtained. 26945827 0 77 from hemicellulose 22:34 arg1 production 6:15 Lipid production 0:15 Lipid production from hemicellulose with Lipomyces starkeyi in a pH 0:66 Lipid production from hemicellulose with Lipomyces starkeyi in a pH regulated fed-batch cultivation. 26945827 1 78 theme hemicellulosic 151:164 arg1 fraction 166:173 the hemicellulosic fraction 147:173 the hemicellulosic fraction of birch wood 147:187 This study investigated lipid production from the hemicellulosic fraction of birch wood by the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi. 26945827 10 79 theme lipid 1534:1538 arg1 yield 1540:1544 a lipid yield 1532:1544 a lipid yield of 0.1 g/g carbon source 1532:1569 In both cultures the lipid concentration was 8 g/l and a lipid yield of 0.1 g/g carbon source was obtained. 28007544 7 0 theme skeleton 1350:1357 arg1 formation 1359:1367 skeleton formation 1350:1367 skeleton formation of the nanoparticles 1350:1388 This increase has likely to do with a reinforcement of the nanocomposite particles by skeleton formation of the nanoparticles. 28007544 5 1 from contribution 850:861 arg1 materials 896:904 the materials 892:904 the materials with fumed silica 892:922 The strong contribution of particle rearrangement in the materials with fumed silica continued throughout the whole compression profile, which prohibited an in-depth material characterization. 28007544 8 2 theme composite 1581:1589 arg1 materials 1591:1599 spray-dried composite materials 1569:1599 spray-dried composite materials 1569:1599 In summary, the rational evaluation of mechanical properties done by applying powder compression analysis proved to be a valuable tool for mechanical evaluation for this type of spray-dried composite materials, unless they demonstrate particle rearrangement throughout the whole compression profile. 28007544 1 3 theme incorporation 149:161 arg1 impact 124:129 the structural impact 109:129 the structural impact of the nanofiller incorporation on the powder compression mechanics of spray-dried lactose 109:220 The aim of this study was to investigate the structural impact of the nanofiller incorporation on the powder compression mechanics of spray-dried lactose. 28007544 6 4 theme montmorillonite 1099:1113 arg1 nanocomposites 1115:1128 the lactose/sodium montmorillonite nanocomposites 1080:1128 the lactose/sodium montmorillonite nanocomposites 1080:1128 However, the lactose/cellulose nanocrystals and the lactose/sodium montmorillonite nanocomposites demonstrated high yield pressure compared with the physical mixtures indicating increased particle hardness upon composite formation. 28007544 6 5 theme high 1143:1146 arg1 pressure 1154:1161 high yield pressure 1143:1161 high yield pressure 1143:1161 However, the lactose/cellulose nanocrystals and the lactose/sodium montmorillonite nanocomposites demonstrated high yield pressure compared with the physical mixtures indicating increased particle hardness upon composite formation. 28007544 2 6 with particles 408:416 arg1 morphology 445:454 morphology 445:454 morphology 445:454 The lactose was co-spray-dried with three different nanofillers, that is, cellulose nanocrystals, sodium montmorillonite and fumed silica, which led to lower micron-sized nanocomposite particles with varying structure and morphology. 28007544 2 6 with particles 408:416 arg1 structure 431:439 varying structure 423:439 varying structure 423:439 The lactose was co-spray-dried with three different nanofillers, that is, cellulose nanocrystals, sodium montmorillonite and fumed silica, which led to lower micron-sized nanocomposite particles with varying structure and morphology. 28007544 6 7 theme particle 1220:1227 arg1 hardness 1229:1236 increased particle hardness 1210:1236 increased particle hardness 1210:1236 However, the lactose/cellulose nanocrystals and the lactose/sodium montmorillonite nanocomposites demonstrated high yield pressure compared with the physical mixtures indicating increased particle hardness upon composite formation. 28007544 5 8 theme material 1005:1012 arg1 characterization 1014:1029 an in-depth material characterization 993:1029 an in-depth material characterization 993:1029 The strong contribution of particle rearrangement in the materials with fumed silica continued throughout the whole compression profile, which prohibited an in-depth material characterization. 28007544 7 9 theme particles 1337:1345 arg1 reinforcement 1302:1314 a reinforcement 1300:1314 a reinforcement of the nanocomposite particles 1300:1345 This increase has likely to do with a reinforcement of the nanocomposite particles by skeleton formation of the nanoparticles. 28007544 8 10 theme compression 1670:1680 arg1 profile 1682:1688 the whole compression profile 1660:1688 the whole compression profile 1660:1688 In summary, the rational evaluation of mechanical properties done by applying powder compression analysis proved to be a valuable tool for mechanical evaluation for this type of spray-dried composite materials, unless they demonstrate particle rearrangement throughout the whole compression profile. 28007544 5 11 theme compression 955:965 arg1 profile 967:973 the whole compression profile 945:973 the whole compression profile 945:973 The strong contribution of particle rearrangement in the materials with fumed silica continued throughout the whole compression profile, which prohibited an in-depth material characterization. 28007544 3 12 theme rational 589:596 arg1 method 609:614 a rational evaluation method 587:614 a rational evaluation method with compression analysis 587:640 The powder compression mechanics of the nanocomposites and physical mixtures of the neat spray-dried components were evaluated by a rational evaluation method with compression analysis as a tool, using the Kawakita equation and the Shapiro-Konopicky-Heckel equation. 28007544 2 13 theme sodium 321:326 arg1 nanocrystals 307:318 cellulose nanocrystals 297:318 cellulose nanocrystals 297:318 The lactose was co-spray-dried with three different nanofillers, that is, cellulose nanocrystals, sodium montmorillonite and fumed silica, which led to lower micron-sized nanocomposite particles with varying structure and morphology. 28007544 2 13 theme sodium 321:326 arg1 montmorillonite 328:342 sodium montmorillonite 321:342 sodium montmorillonite 321:342 The lactose was co-spray-dried with three different nanofillers, that is, cellulose nanocrystals, sodium montmorillonite and fumed silica, which led to lower micron-sized nanocomposite particles with varying structure and morphology. 28007544 4 14 theme due 790:792 arg1 profiles 781:788 the initial compression profiles 757:788 the initial compression profiles due to the small particle size of the materials 757:836 Particle rearrangement dominated the initial compression profiles due to the small particle size of the materials. 28007544 5 15 theme in-depth 996:1003 arg1 characterization 1014:1029 an in-depth material characterization 993:1029 an in-depth material characterization 993:1029 The strong contribution of particle rearrangement in the materials with fumed silica continued throughout the whole compression profile, which prohibited an in-depth material characterization. 28007544 4 16 theme compression 769:779 arg1 profiles 781:788 the initial compression profiles 757:788 the initial compression profiles due to the small particle size of the materials 757:836 Particle rearrangement dominated the initial compression profiles due to the small particle size of the materials. 28007544 3 17 theme components 558:567 arg1 mechanics 480:488 The powder compression mechanics 457:488 The powder compression mechanics of the nanocomposites 457:510 The powder compression mechanics of the nanocomposites and physical mixtures of the neat spray-dried components were evaluated by a rational evaluation method with compression analysis as a tool, using the Kawakita equation and the Shapiro-Konopicky-Heckel equation. 28007544 3 17 theme components 558:567 arg1 mixtures 525:532 physical mixtures 516:532 physical mixtures of the neat spray-dried components 516:567 The powder compression mechanics of the nanocomposites and physical mixtures of the neat spray-dried components were evaluated by a rational evaluation method with compression analysis as a tool, using the Kawakita equation and the Shapiro-Konopicky-Heckel equation. 28007544 3 17 theme components 558:567 arg1 tool 647:650 a tool 645:650 a tool 645:650 The powder compression mechanics of the nanocomposites and physical mixtures of the neat spray-dried components were evaluated by a rational evaluation method with compression analysis as a tool, using the Kawakita equation and the Shapiro-Konopicky-Heckel equation. 28007544 2 18 theme micron-sized 381:392 arg1 particles 408:416 lower micron-sized nanocomposite particles 375:416 lower micron-sized nanocomposite particles with varying structure and morphology 375:454 The lactose was co-spray-dried with three different nanofillers, that is, cellulose nanocrystals, sodium montmorillonite and fumed silica, which led to lower micron-sized nanocomposite particles with varying structure and morphology. 28007544 6 19 theme increased 1210:1218 arg1 hardness 1229:1236 increased particle hardness 1210:1236 increased particle hardness 1210:1236 However, the lactose/cellulose nanocrystals and the lactose/sodium montmorillonite nanocomposites demonstrated high yield pressure compared with the physical mixtures indicating increased particle hardness upon composite formation. 28007544 7 20 theme nanocomposite 1323:1335 arg1 particles 1337:1345 the nanocomposite particles 1319:1345 the nanocomposite particles 1319:1345 This increase has likely to do with a reinforcement of the nanocomposite particles by skeleton formation of the nanoparticles. 28007544 1 21 from impact 124:129 arg1 mechanics 189:197 the powder compression mechanics 166:197 the powder compression mechanics of spray-dried lactose 166:220 The aim of this study was to investigate the structural impact of the nanofiller incorporation on the powder compression mechanics of spray-dried lactose. 28007544 5 22 theme particle 866:873 arg1 rearrangement 875:887 particle rearrangement 866:887 particle rearrangement 866:887 The strong contribution of particle rearrangement in the materials with fumed silica continued throughout the whole compression profile, which prohibited an in-depth material characterization. 28007544 8 23 theme rational 1407:1414 arg1 tool 1521:1524 a valuable tool 1510:1524 a valuable tool for mechanical evaluation for this type of spray-dried composite materials 1510:1599 In summary, the rational evaluation of mechanical properties done by applying powder compression analysis proved to be a valuable tool for mechanical evaluation for this type of spray-dried composite materials, unless they demonstrate particle rearrangement throughout the whole compression profile. 28007544 8 23 theme rational 1407:1414 arg1 evaluation 1416:1425 the rational evaluation 1403:1425 the rational evaluation of mechanical properties done by applying powder compression analysis 1403:1495 In summary, the rational evaluation of mechanical properties done by applying powder compression analysis proved to be a valuable tool for mechanical evaluation for this type of spray-dried composite materials, unless they demonstrate particle rearrangement throughout the whole compression profile. 28007544 1 24 theme powder 170:175 arg1 mechanics 189:197 the powder compression mechanics 166:197 the powder compression mechanics of spray-dried lactose 166:220 The aim of this study was to investigate the structural impact of the nanofiller incorporation on the powder compression mechanics of spray-dried lactose. 28007544 0 25 theme compression 7:17 arg1 mechanics 19:27 Powder compression mechanics 0:27 Powder compression mechanics of spray-dried lactose 0:50 Powder compression mechanics of spray-dried lactose nanocomposites. 28007544 1 26 theme study 84:88 arg1 aim 72:74 The aim 68:74 The aim of this study 68:88 The aim of this study was to investigate the structural impact of the nanofiller incorporation on the powder compression mechanics of spray-dried lactose. 28007544 1 27 theme compression 177:187 arg1 mechanics 189:197 the powder compression mechanics 166:197 the powder compression mechanics of spray-dried lactose 166:220 The aim of this study was to investigate the structural impact of the nanofiller incorporation on the powder compression mechanics of spray-dried lactose. 28007544 0 28 theme Powder 0:5 arg1 mechanics 19:27 Powder compression mechanics 0:27 Powder compression mechanics of spray-dried lactose 0:50 Powder compression mechanics of spray-dried lactose nanocomposites. 28007544 2 29 theme lower 375:379 arg1 particles 408:416 lower micron-sized nanocomposite particles 375:416 lower micron-sized nanocomposite particles with varying structure and morphology 375:454 The lactose was co-spray-dried with three different nanofillers, that is, cellulose nanocrystals, sodium montmorillonite and fumed silica, which led to lower micron-sized nanocomposite particles with varying structure and morphology. 28007544 5 30 theme rearrangement 875:887 arg1 contribution 850:861 The strong contribution 839:861 The strong contribution of particle rearrangement in the materials with fumed silica 839:922 The strong contribution of particle rearrangement in the materials with fumed silica continued throughout the whole compression profile, which prohibited an in-depth material characterization. 28007544 6 31 theme lactose/cellulose 1045:1061 arg1 nanocrystals 1063:1074 the lactose/cellulose nanocrystals 1041:1074 the lactose/cellulose nanocrystals 1041:1074 However, the lactose/cellulose nanocrystals and the lactose/sodium montmorillonite nanocomposites demonstrated high yield pressure compared with the physical mixtures indicating increased particle hardness upon composite formation. 28007544 8 32 theme properties 1441:1450 arg1 tool 1521:1524 a valuable tool 1510:1524 a valuable tool for mechanical evaluation for this type of spray-dried composite materials 1510:1599 In summary, the rational evaluation of mechanical properties done by applying powder compression analysis proved to be a valuable tool for mechanical evaluation for this type of spray-dried composite materials, unless they demonstrate particle rearrangement throughout the whole compression profile. 28007544 8 32 theme properties 1441:1450 arg1 evaluation 1416:1425 the rational evaluation 1403:1425 the rational evaluation of mechanical properties done by applying powder compression analysis 1403:1495 In summary, the rational evaluation of mechanical properties done by applying powder compression analysis proved to be a valuable tool for mechanical evaluation for this type of spray-dried composite materials, unless they demonstrate particle rearrangement throughout the whole compression profile. 28007544 8 33 theme mechanical 1430:1439 arg1 properties 1441:1450 mechanical properties 1430:1450 mechanical properties done by applying powder compression analysis 1430:1495 In summary, the rational evaluation of mechanical properties done by applying powder compression analysis proved to be a valuable tool for mechanical evaluation for this type of spray-dried composite materials, unless they demonstrate particle rearrangement throughout the whole compression profile. 28007544 4 34 theme particle 807:814 arg1 size 816:819 the small particle size 797:819 the small particle size of the materials 797:836 Particle rearrangement dominated the initial compression profiles due to the small particle size of the materials. 28007544 3 35 with method 609:614 arg1 analysis 633:640 compression analysis 621:640 compression analysis 621:640 The powder compression mechanics of the nanocomposites and physical mixtures of the neat spray-dried components were evaluated by a rational evaluation method with compression analysis as a tool, using the Kawakita equation and the Shapiro-Konopicky-Heckel equation. 28007544 4 36 theme materials 828:836 arg1 size 816:819 the small particle size 797:819 the small particle size of the materials 797:836 Particle rearrangement dominated the initial compression profiles due to the small particle size of the materials. 28007544 2 37 theme cellulose 297:305 arg1 nanocrystals 307:318 cellulose nanocrystals 297:318 cellulose nanocrystals 297:318 The lactose was co-spray-dried with three different nanofillers, that is, cellulose nanocrystals, sodium montmorillonite and fumed silica, which led to lower micron-sized nanocomposite particles with varying structure and morphology. 28007544 2 37 theme cellulose 297:305 arg1 montmorillonite 328:342 sodium montmorillonite 321:342 sodium montmorillonite 321:342 The lactose was co-spray-dried with three different nanofillers, that is, cellulose nanocrystals, sodium montmorillonite and fumed silica, which led to lower micron-sized nanocomposite particles with varying structure and morphology. 28007544 2 37 theme cellulose 297:305 arg1 silica 354:359 fumed silica 348:359 fumed silica 348:359 The lactose was co-spray-dried with three different nanofillers, that is, cellulose nanocrystals, sodium montmorillonite and fumed silica, which led to lower micron-sized nanocomposite particles with varying structure and morphology. 28007544 1 38 theme spray-dried 202:212 arg1 lactose 214:220 spray-dried lactose 202:220 spray-dried lactose 202:220 The aim of this study was to investigate the structural impact of the nanofiller incorporation on the powder compression mechanics of spray-dried lactose. 28007544 0 39 theme lactose 44:50 arg1 mechanics 19:27 Powder compression mechanics 0:27 Powder compression mechanics of spray-dried lactose 0:50 Powder compression mechanics of spray-dried lactose nanocomposites. 28007544 2 40 theme fumed 348:352 arg1 nanocrystals 307:318 cellulose nanocrystals 297:318 cellulose nanocrystals 297:318 The lactose was co-spray-dried with three different nanofillers, that is, cellulose nanocrystals, sodium montmorillonite and fumed silica, which led to lower micron-sized nanocomposite particles with varying structure and morphology. 28007544 2 40 theme fumed 348:352 arg1 silica 354:359 fumed silica 348:359 fumed silica 348:359 The lactose was co-spray-dried with three different nanofillers, that is, cellulose nanocrystals, sodium montmorillonite and fumed silica, which led to lower micron-sized nanocomposite particles with varying structure and morphology. 28007544 1 41 theme lactose 214:220 arg1 mechanics 189:197 the powder compression mechanics 166:197 the powder compression mechanics of spray-dried lactose 166:220 The aim of this study was to investigate the structural impact of the nanofiller incorporation on the powder compression mechanics of spray-dried lactose. 28007544 6 42 theme physical 1181:1188 arg1 mixtures 1190:1197 the physical mixtures 1177:1197 the physical mixtures indicating increased particle hardness upon composite formation 1177:1261 However, the lactose/cellulose nanocrystals and the lactose/sodium montmorillonite nanocomposites demonstrated high yield pressure compared with the physical mixtures indicating increased particle hardness upon composite formation. 28007544 2 43 theme varying 423:429 arg1 structure 431:439 varying structure 423:439 varying structure 423:439 The lactose was co-spray-dried with three different nanofillers, that is, cellulose nanocrystals, sodium montmorillonite and fumed silica, which led to lower micron-sized nanocomposite particles with varying structure and morphology. 28007544 0 44 theme spray-dried 32:42 arg1 lactose 44:50 spray-dried lactose 32:50 spray-dried lactose 32:50 Powder compression mechanics of spray-dried lactose nanocomposites. 28007544 5 45 with materials 896:904 arg1 silica 917:922 fumed silica 911:922 fumed silica 911:922 The strong contribution of particle rearrangement in the materials with fumed silica continued throughout the whole compression profile, which prohibited an in-depth material characterization. 28007544 6 46 theme lactose/sodium 1084:1097 arg1 nanocomposites 1115:1128 the lactose/sodium montmorillonite nanocomposites 1080:1128 the lactose/sodium montmorillonite nanocomposites 1080:1128 However, the lactose/cellulose nanocrystals and the lactose/sodium montmorillonite nanocomposites demonstrated high yield pressure compared with the physical mixtures indicating increased particle hardness upon composite formation. 28007544 8 47 theme mechanical 1530:1539 arg1 evaluation 1541:1550 mechanical evaluation 1530:1550 mechanical evaluation for this type of spray-dried composite materials 1530:1599 In summary, the rational evaluation of mechanical properties done by applying powder compression analysis proved to be a valuable tool for mechanical evaluation for this type of spray-dried composite materials, unless they demonstrate particle rearrangement throughout the whole compression profile. 28007544 8 48 theme powder 1469:1474 arg1 analysis 1488:1495 powder compression analysis 1469:1495 powder compression analysis 1469:1495 In summary, the rational evaluation of mechanical properties done by applying powder compression analysis proved to be a valuable tool for mechanical evaluation for this type of spray-dried composite materials, unless they demonstrate particle rearrangement throughout the whole compression profile. 28007544 5 49 theme fumed 911:915 arg1 silica 917:922 fumed silica 911:922 fumed silica 911:922 The strong contribution of particle rearrangement in the materials with fumed silica continued throughout the whole compression profile, which prohibited an in-depth material characterization. 28007544 5 50 theme strong 843:848 arg1 contribution 850:861 The strong contribution 839:861 The strong contribution of particle rearrangement in the materials with fumed silica 839:922 The strong contribution of particle rearrangement in the materials with fumed silica continued throughout the whole compression profile, which prohibited an in-depth material characterization. 28007544 5 51 theme whole 949:953 arg1 profile 967:973 the whole compression profile 945:973 the whole compression profile 945:973 The strong contribution of particle rearrangement in the materials with fumed silica continued throughout the whole compression profile, which prohibited an in-depth material characterization. 28007544 8 52 theme valuable 1512:1519 arg1 tool 1521:1524 a valuable tool 1510:1524 a valuable tool for mechanical evaluation for this type of spray-dried composite materials 1510:1599 In summary, the rational evaluation of mechanical properties done by applying powder compression analysis proved to be a valuable tool for mechanical evaluation for this type of spray-dried composite materials, unless they demonstrate particle rearrangement throughout the whole compression profile. 28007544 8 52 theme valuable 1512:1519 arg1 evaluation 1416:1425 the rational evaluation 1403:1425 the rational evaluation of mechanical properties done by applying powder compression analysis 1403:1495 In summary, the rational evaluation of mechanical properties done by applying powder compression analysis proved to be a valuable tool for mechanical evaluation for this type of spray-dried composite materials, unless they demonstrate particle rearrangement throughout the whole compression profile. 28007544 3 53 theme Kawakita 663:670 arg1 equation 672:679 the Kawakita equation 659:679 the Kawakita equation 659:679 The powder compression mechanics of the nanocomposites and physical mixtures of the neat spray-dried components were evaluated by a rational evaluation method with compression analysis as a tool, using the Kawakita equation and the Shapiro-Konopicky-Heckel equation. 28007544 6 54 theme composite 1243:1251 arg1 formation 1253:1261 composite formation 1243:1261 composite formation 1243:1261 However, the lactose/cellulose nanocrystals and the lactose/sodium montmorillonite nanocomposites demonstrated high yield pressure compared with the physical mixtures indicating increased particle hardness upon composite formation. 28007544 3 55 theme physical 516:523 arg1 tool 647:650 a tool 645:650 a tool 645:650 The powder compression mechanics of the nanocomposites and physical mixtures of the neat spray-dried components were evaluated by a rational evaluation method with compression analysis as a tool, using the Kawakita equation and the Shapiro-Konopicky-Heckel equation. 28007544 3 55 theme physical 516:523 arg1 mixtures 525:532 physical mixtures 516:532 physical mixtures of the neat spray-dried components 516:567 The powder compression mechanics of the nanocomposites and physical mixtures of the neat spray-dried components were evaluated by a rational evaluation method with compression analysis as a tool, using the Kawakita equation and the Shapiro-Konopicky-Heckel equation. 28007544 3 55 theme physical 516:523 arg1 mechanics 480:488 The powder compression mechanics 457:488 The powder compression mechanics of the nanocomposites 457:510 The powder compression mechanics of the nanocomposites and physical mixtures of the neat spray-dried components were evaluated by a rational evaluation method with compression analysis as a tool, using the Kawakita equation and the Shapiro-Konopicky-Heckel equation. 28007544 8 56 theme particle 1626:1633 arg1 rearrangement 1635:1647 particle rearrangement 1626:1647 particle rearrangement 1626:1647 In summary, the rational evaluation of mechanical properties done by applying powder compression analysis proved to be a valuable tool for mechanical evaluation for this type of spray-dried composite materials, unless they demonstrate particle rearrangement throughout the whole compression profile. 28007544 3 57 theme compression 621:631 arg1 analysis 633:640 compression analysis 621:640 compression analysis 621:640 The powder compression mechanics of the nanocomposites and physical mixtures of the neat spray-dried components were evaluated by a rational evaluation method with compression analysis as a tool, using the Kawakita equation and the Shapiro-Konopicky-Heckel equation. 28007544 1 58 theme structural 113:122 arg1 impact 124:129 the structural impact 109:129 the structural impact of the nanofiller incorporation on the powder compression mechanics of spray-dried lactose 109:220 The aim of this study was to investigate the structural impact of the nanofiller incorporation on the powder compression mechanics of spray-dried lactose. 28007544 8 59 theme materials 1591:1599 arg1 type 1561:1564 this type 1556:1564 this type of spray-dried composite materials 1556:1599 In summary, the rational evaluation of mechanical properties done by applying powder compression analysis proved to be a valuable tool for mechanical evaluation for this type of spray-dried composite materials, unless they demonstrate particle rearrangement throughout the whole compression profile. 28007544 3 60 theme evaluation 598:607 arg1 method 609:614 a rational evaluation method 587:614 a rational evaluation method with compression analysis 587:640 The powder compression mechanics of the nanocomposites and physical mixtures of the neat spray-dried components were evaluated by a rational evaluation method with compression analysis as a tool, using the Kawakita equation and the Shapiro-Konopicky-Heckel equation. 28007544 4 61 theme Particle 724:731 arg1 rearrangement 733:745 Particle rearrangement 724:745 Particle rearrangement 724:745 Particle rearrangement dominated the initial compression profiles due to the small particle size of the materials. 28007544 3 62 theme nanocomposites 497:510 arg1 mechanics 480:488 The powder compression mechanics 457:488 The powder compression mechanics of the nanocomposites 457:510 The powder compression mechanics of the nanocomposites and physical mixtures of the neat spray-dried components were evaluated by a rational evaluation method with compression analysis as a tool, using the Kawakita equation and the Shapiro-Konopicky-Heckel equation. 28007544 3 62 theme nanocomposites 497:510 arg1 mixtures 525:532 physical mixtures 516:532 physical mixtures of the neat spray-dried components 516:567 The powder compression mechanics of the nanocomposites and physical mixtures of the neat spray-dried components were evaluated by a rational evaluation method with compression analysis as a tool, using the Kawakita equation and the Shapiro-Konopicky-Heckel equation. 28007544 3 62 theme nanocomposites 497:510 arg1 tool 647:650 a tool 645:650 a tool 645:650 The powder compression mechanics of the nanocomposites and physical mixtures of the neat spray-dried components were evaluated by a rational evaluation method with compression analysis as a tool, using the Kawakita equation and the Shapiro-Konopicky-Heckel equation. 28007544 6 63 theme yield 1148:1152 arg1 pressure 1154:1161 high yield pressure 1143:1161 high yield pressure 1143:1161 However, the lactose/cellulose nanocrystals and the lactose/sodium montmorillonite nanocomposites demonstrated high yield pressure compared with the physical mixtures indicating increased particle hardness upon composite formation. 28007544 2 64 theme different 265:273 arg1 nanofillers 275:285 three different nanofillers 259:285 three different nanofillers 259:285 The lactose was co-spray-dried with three different nanofillers, that is, cellulose nanocrystals, sodium montmorillonite and fumed silica, which led to lower micron-sized nanocomposite particles with varying structure and morphology. 28007544 4 65 theme small 801:805 arg1 size 816:819 the small particle size 797:819 the small particle size of the materials 797:836 Particle rearrangement dominated the initial compression profiles due to the small particle size of the materials. 28007544 3 66 theme spray-dried 546:556 arg1 components 558:567 the neat spray-dried components 537:567 the neat spray-dried components 537:567 The powder compression mechanics of the nanocomposites and physical mixtures of the neat spray-dried components were evaluated by a rational evaluation method with compression analysis as a tool, using the Kawakita equation and the Shapiro-Konopicky-Heckel equation. 28007544 8 67 theme compression 1476:1486 arg1 analysis 1488:1495 powder compression analysis 1469:1495 powder compression analysis 1469:1495 In summary, the rational evaluation of mechanical properties done by applying powder compression analysis proved to be a valuable tool for mechanical evaluation for this type of spray-dried composite materials, unless they demonstrate particle rearrangement throughout the whole compression profile. 28007544 3 68 theme powder 461:466 arg1 mechanics 480:488 The powder compression mechanics 457:488 The powder compression mechanics of the nanocomposites 457:510 The powder compression mechanics of the nanocomposites and physical mixtures of the neat spray-dried components were evaluated by a rational evaluation method with compression analysis as a tool, using the Kawakita equation and the Shapiro-Konopicky-Heckel equation. 28007544 3 68 theme powder 461:466 arg1 mixtures 525:532 physical mixtures 516:532 physical mixtures of the neat spray-dried components 516:567 The powder compression mechanics of the nanocomposites and physical mixtures of the neat spray-dried components were evaluated by a rational evaluation method with compression analysis as a tool, using the Kawakita equation and the Shapiro-Konopicky-Heckel equation. 28007544 3 68 theme powder 461:466 arg1 tool 647:650 a tool 645:650 a tool 645:650 The powder compression mechanics of the nanocomposites and physical mixtures of the neat spray-dried components were evaluated by a rational evaluation method with compression analysis as a tool, using the Kawakita equation and the Shapiro-Konopicky-Heckel equation. 28007544 3 69 theme Shapiro-Konopicky-Heckel 689:712 arg1 equation 714:721 the Shapiro-Konopicky-Heckel equation 685:721 the Shapiro-Konopicky-Heckel equation 685:721 The powder compression mechanics of the nanocomposites and physical mixtures of the neat spray-dried components were evaluated by a rational evaluation method with compression analysis as a tool, using the Kawakita equation and the Shapiro-Konopicky-Heckel equation. 28007544 3 70 theme compression 468:478 arg1 mechanics 480:488 The powder compression mechanics 457:488 The powder compression mechanics of the nanocomposites 457:510 The powder compression mechanics of the nanocomposites and physical mixtures of the neat spray-dried components were evaluated by a rational evaluation method with compression analysis as a tool, using the Kawakita equation and the Shapiro-Konopicky-Heckel equation. 28007544 3 70 theme compression 468:478 arg1 mixtures 525:532 physical mixtures 516:532 physical mixtures of the neat spray-dried components 516:567 The powder compression mechanics of the nanocomposites and physical mixtures of the neat spray-dried components were evaluated by a rational evaluation method with compression analysis as a tool, using the Kawakita equation and the Shapiro-Konopicky-Heckel equation. 28007544 3 70 theme compression 468:478 arg1 tool 647:650 a tool 645:650 a tool 645:650 The powder compression mechanics of the nanocomposites and physical mixtures of the neat spray-dried components were evaluated by a rational evaluation method with compression analysis as a tool, using the Kawakita equation and the Shapiro-Konopicky-Heckel equation. 28007544 3 71 theme neat 541:544 arg1 components 558:567 the neat spray-dried components 537:567 the neat spray-dried components 537:567 The powder compression mechanics of the nanocomposites and physical mixtures of the neat spray-dried components were evaluated by a rational evaluation method with compression analysis as a tool, using the Kawakita equation and the Shapiro-Konopicky-Heckel equation. 28007544 2 72 theme nanocomposite 394:406 arg1 particles 408:416 lower micron-sized nanocomposite particles 375:416 lower micron-sized nanocomposite particles with varying structure and morphology 375:454 The lactose was co-spray-dried with three different nanofillers, that is, cellulose nanocrystals, sodium montmorillonite and fumed silica, which led to lower micron-sized nanocomposite particles with varying structure and morphology. 28007544 8 73 theme whole 1664:1668 arg1 profile 1682:1688 the whole compression profile 1660:1688 the whole compression profile 1660:1688 In summary, the rational evaluation of mechanical properties done by applying powder compression analysis proved to be a valuable tool for mechanical evaluation for this type of spray-dried composite materials, unless they demonstrate particle rearrangement throughout the whole compression profile. 28007544 8 74 theme spray-dried 1569:1579 arg1 materials 1591:1599 spray-dried composite materials 1569:1599 spray-dried composite materials 1569:1599 In summary, the rational evaluation of mechanical properties done by applying powder compression analysis proved to be a valuable tool for mechanical evaluation for this type of spray-dried composite materials, unless they demonstrate particle rearrangement throughout the whole compression profile. 28007544 1 75 theme nanofiller 138:147 arg1 incorporation 149:161 the nanofiller incorporation 134:161 the nanofiller incorporation 134:161 The aim of this study was to investigate the structural impact of the nanofiller incorporation on the powder compression mechanics of spray-dried lactose. 28007544 7 76 theme nanoparticles 1376:1388 arg1 formation 1359:1367 skeleton formation 1350:1367 skeleton formation of the nanoparticles 1350:1388 This increase has likely to do with a reinforcement of the nanocomposite particles by skeleton formation of the nanoparticles. 28007544 4 77 theme initial 761:767 arg1 profiles 781:788 the initial compression profiles 757:788 the initial compression profiles due to the small particle size of the materials 757:836 Particle rearrangement dominated the initial compression profiles due to the small particle size of the materials. 26778157 0 0 theme desirability 88:99 arg1 function 101:108 desirability function 88:108 desirability function 88:108 Optimization of carboxymethyl chitosan synthesis using response surface methodology and desirability function. 26778157 5 1 theme molar 956:960 arg1 ratio 962:966 molar ratio 956:966 molar ratio 956:966 The optimum conditions for carboxymethylation process were found to be 12.4, 10.6h and 5 for molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch), respectively. 26778157 5 2 theme sodium 908:913 arg1 NaOH 926:929 NaOH 926:929 NaOH 926:929 The optimum conditions for carboxymethylation process were found to be 12.4, 10.6h and 5 for molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch), respectively. 26778157 5 2 theme sodium 908:913 arg1 hydroxide 915:923 molar ratio sodium hydroxide 896:923 molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch) 896:944 The optimum conditions for carboxymethylation process were found to be 12.4, 10.6h and 5 for molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch), respectively. 26778157 6 3 theme carboxymethyl 1083:1095 arg1 chitosan 1097:1104 carboxymethyl chitosan 1083:1104 carboxymethyl chitosan 1083:1104 Under these optimal conditions, it was possible to obtain carboxymethyl chitosan with DS¯ of 1.86 and solubility of 99.6%. 26778157 5 4 theme molar 896:900 arg1 ratio 902:906 molar ratio 896:906 molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch) 896:944 The optimum conditions for carboxymethylation process were found to be 12.4, 10.6h and 5 for molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch), respectively. 26778157 2 5 theme substitution 535:546 arg1 solubility 558:567 solubility 558:567 solubility 558:567 A 2(3) full-factorial central composite design was applied to evaluate the effect of molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) on the reaction yield and on the characteristics of carboxymethyl chitosan such as average degree of substitution (DS¯) and solubility. 26778157 2 5 theme substitution 535:546 arg1 degree 525:530 average degree 517:530 average degree of substitution (DS¯) 517:552 A 2(3) full-factorial central composite design was applied to evaluate the effect of molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) on the reaction yield and on the characteristics of carboxymethyl chitosan such as average degree of substitution (DS¯) and solubility. 26778157 6 6 theme % 1145:1145 arg1 DS¯ 1111:1113 DS¯ 1111:1113 DS¯ of 1.86 1111:1121 Under these optimal conditions, it was possible to obtain carboxymethyl chitosan with DS¯ of 1.86 and solubility of 99.6%. 26778157 6 6 theme % 1145:1145 arg1 solubility 1127:1136 solubility 1127:1136 solubility of 99.6% 1127:1145 Under these optimal conditions, it was possible to obtain carboxymethyl chitosan with DS¯ of 1.86 and solubility of 99.6%. 26778157 5 7 theme ratio 902:906 arg1 NaOH 926:929 NaOH 926:929 NaOH 926:929 The optimum conditions for carboxymethylation process were found to be 12.4, 10.6h and 5 for molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch), respectively. 26778157 5 7 theme ratio 902:906 arg1 hydroxide 915:923 molar ratio sodium hydroxide 896:923 molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch) 896:944 The optimum conditions for carboxymethylation process were found to be 12.4, 10.6h and 5 for molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch), respectively. 26778157 4 8 theme NMR 785:787 arg1 spectroscopy 789:800 FTIR and (1)H NMR spectroscopy 771:800 spectroscopy 789:800 The occurrence of carboxymethylation was evidenced by FTIR and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 26778157 5 9 dep /Chitosan 931:939 arg1 Ch 1006:1007 Ch 1006:1007 Ch 1006:1007 The optimum conditions for carboxymethylation process were found to be 12.4, 10.6h and 5 for molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch), respectively. 26778157 5 9 dep /Chitosan 931:939 arg1 /Chitosan 995:1003 monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan 968:1003 monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) 968:1008 The optimum conditions for carboxymethylation process were found to be 12.4, 10.6h and 5 for molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch), respectively. 26778157 4 10 theme carboxymethylation 735:752 arg1 occurrence 721:730 The occurrence 717:730 The occurrence of carboxymethylation 717:752 The occurrence of carboxymethylation was evidenced by FTIR and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 26778157 1 11 theme alkaline 180:187 arg1 conditions 189:198 alkaline conditions 180:198 alkaline conditions 180:198 In this paper, chitosan was reacted with monochloroacetic acid under alkaline conditions to prepare carboxymethyl chitosan. 26778157 0 12 theme response 55:62 arg1 methodology 72:82 response surface methodology 55:82 response surface methodology 55:82 Optimization of carboxymethyl chitosan synthesis using response surface methodology and desirability function. 26778157 3 13 theme desirability 660:671 arg1 approach 682:689 the desirability function approach 656:689 the desirability function approach 656:689 An optimization strategy based on response surface methodology was used together with the desirability function approach to optimize this process. 26778157 4 14 theme H 783:783 arg1 spectroscopy 789:800 FTIR and (1)H NMR spectroscopy 771:800 spectroscopy 789:800 The occurrence of carboxymethylation was evidenced by FTIR and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 26778157 5 15 theme hydroxide 915:923 arg1 Ch 942:943 Ch 942:943 Ch 942:943 The optimum conditions for carboxymethylation process were found to be 12.4, 10.6h and 5 for molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch), respectively. 26778157 5 15 theme hydroxide 915:923 arg1 /Chitosan 931:939 molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan 896:939 molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch) 896:944 The optimum conditions for carboxymethylation process were found to be 12.4, 10.6h and 5 for molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch), respectively. 26778157 5 16 theme optimum 807:813 arg1 12.4 874:877 12.4 874:877 12.4 874:877 The optimum conditions for carboxymethylation process were found to be 12.4, 10.6h and 5 for molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch), respectively. 26778157 5 16 theme optimum 807:813 arg1 conditions 815:824 The optimum conditions 803:824 The optimum conditions for carboxymethylation process 803:855 The optimum conditions for carboxymethylation process were found to be 12.4, 10.6h and 5 for molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch), respectively. 26778157 3 17 theme function 673:680 arg1 approach 682:689 the desirability function approach 656:689 the desirability function approach 656:689 An optimization strategy based on response surface methodology was used together with the desirability function approach to optimize this process. 26778157 2 18 theme molar 320:324 arg1 hydroxide 339:347 molar ratio sodium hydroxide 320:347 molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch) 320:368 A 2(3) full-factorial central composite design was applied to evaluate the effect of molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) on the reaction yield and on the characteristics of carboxymethyl chitosan such as average degree of substitution (DS¯) and solubility. 26778157 2 18 theme molar 320:324 arg1 NaOH 350:353 NaOH 350:353 NaOH 350:353 A 2(3) full-factorial central composite design was applied to evaluate the effect of molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) on the reaction yield and on the characteristics of carboxymethyl chitosan such as average degree of substitution (DS¯) and solubility. 26778157 2 19 theme MCA 415:417 arg1 Ch 430:431 Ch 430:431 Ch 430:431 A 2(3) full-factorial central composite design was applied to evaluate the effect of molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) on the reaction yield and on the characteristics of carboxymethyl chitosan such as average degree of substitution (DS¯) and solubility. 26778157 2 19 theme MCA 415:417 arg1 /Chitosan 419:427 molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan 380:427 molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) 380:432 A 2(3) full-factorial central composite design was applied to evaluate the effect of molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) on the reaction yield and on the characteristics of carboxymethyl chitosan such as average degree of substitution (DS¯) and solubility. 26778157 6 20 theme optimal 1037:1043 arg1 conditions 1045:1054 these optimal conditions 1031:1054 these optimal conditions 1031:1054 Under these optimal conditions, it was possible to obtain carboxymethyl chitosan with DS¯ of 1.86 and solubility of 99.6%. 26778157 0 21 theme chitosan 30:37 arg1 synthesis 39:47 carboxymethyl chitosan synthesis 16:47 carboxymethyl chitosan synthesis 16:47 Optimization of carboxymethyl chitosan synthesis using response surface methodology and desirability function. 26778157 4 22 theme FTIR 771:774 arg1 spectroscopy 789:800 FTIR and (1)H NMR spectroscopy 771:800 spectroscopy 789:800 The occurrence of carboxymethylation was evidenced by FTIR and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 26778157 1 23 theme carboxymethyl 211:223 arg1 chitosan 225:232 carboxymethyl chitosan 211:232 carboxymethyl chitosan 211:232 In this paper, chitosan was reacted with monochloroacetic acid under alkaline conditions to prepare carboxymethyl chitosan. 26778157 2 24 theme acid 409:412 arg1 Ch 430:431 Ch 430:431 Ch 430:431 A 2(3) full-factorial central composite design was applied to evaluate the effect of molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) on the reaction yield and on the characteristics of carboxymethyl chitosan such as average degree of substitution (DS¯) and solubility. 26778157 2 24 theme acid 409:412 arg1 /Chitosan 419:427 molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan 380:427 molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) 380:432 A 2(3) full-factorial central composite design was applied to evaluate the effect of molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) on the reaction yield and on the characteristics of carboxymethyl chitosan such as average degree of substitution (DS¯) and solubility. 26778157 2 25 theme chitosan 500:507 arg1 solubility 558:567 solubility 558:567 solubility 558:567 A 2(3) full-factorial central composite design was applied to evaluate the effect of molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) on the reaction yield and on the characteristics of carboxymethyl chitosan such as average degree of substitution (DS¯) and solubility. 26778157 2 25 theme chitosan 500:507 arg1 degree 525:530 average degree 517:530 average degree of substitution (DS¯) 517:552 A 2(3) full-factorial central composite design was applied to evaluate the effect of molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) on the reaction yield and on the characteristics of carboxymethyl chitosan such as average degree of substitution (DS¯) and solubility. 26778157 2 25 theme chitosan 500:507 arg1 characteristics 467:481 the characteristics 463:481 the characteristics of carboxymethyl chitosan such as average degree of substitution (DS¯) and solubility 463:567 A 2(3) full-factorial central composite design was applied to evaluate the effect of molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) on the reaction yield and on the characteristics of carboxymethyl chitosan such as average degree of substitution (DS¯) and solubility. 26778157 5 26 theme monochloroacetic 968:983 arg1 Ch 1006:1007 Ch 1006:1007 Ch 1006:1007 The optimum conditions for carboxymethylation process were found to be 12.4, 10.6h and 5 for molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch), respectively. 26778157 5 26 theme monochloroacetic 968:983 arg1 /Chitosan 995:1003 monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan 968:1003 monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) 968:1008 The optimum conditions for carboxymethylation process were found to be 12.4, 10.6h and 5 for molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch), respectively. 26778157 2 27 theme ratio 386:390 arg1 Ch 430:431 Ch 430:431 Ch 430:431 A 2(3) full-factorial central composite design was applied to evaluate the effect of molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) on the reaction yield and on the characteristics of carboxymethyl chitosan such as average degree of substitution (DS¯) and solubility. 26778157 2 27 theme ratio 386:390 arg1 /Chitosan 419:427 molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan 380:427 molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) 380:432 A 2(3) full-factorial central composite design was applied to evaluate the effect of molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) on the reaction yield and on the characteristics of carboxymethyl chitosan such as average degree of substitution (DS¯) and solubility. 26778157 2 28 theme carboxymethyl 486:498 arg1 chitosan 500:507 carboxymethyl chitosan 486:507 carboxymethyl chitosan 486:507 A 2(3) full-factorial central composite design was applied to evaluate the effect of molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) on the reaction yield and on the characteristics of carboxymethyl chitosan such as average degree of substitution (DS¯) and solubility. 26778157 5 29 theme acid 985:988 arg1 Ch 1006:1007 Ch 1006:1007 Ch 1006:1007 The optimum conditions for carboxymethylation process were found to be 12.4, 10.6h and 5 for molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch), respectively. 26778157 5 29 theme acid 985:988 arg1 /Chitosan 995:1003 monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan 968:1003 monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) 968:1008 The optimum conditions for carboxymethylation process were found to be 12.4, 10.6h and 5 for molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch), respectively. 26778157 6 30 theme 1.86 1118:1121 arg1 DS¯ 1111:1113 DS¯ 1111:1113 DS¯ of 1.86 1111:1121 Under these optimal conditions, it was possible to obtain carboxymethyl chitosan with DS¯ of 1.86 and solubility of 99.6%. 26778157 6 30 theme 1.86 1118:1121 arg1 solubility 1127:1136 solubility 1127:1136 solubility of 99.6% 1127:1145 Under these optimal conditions, it was possible to obtain carboxymethyl chitosan with DS¯ of 1.86 and solubility of 99.6%. 26778157 2 31 theme molar 380:384 arg1 ratio 386:390 molar ratio 380:390 molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) 380:432 A 2(3) full-factorial central composite design was applied to evaluate the effect of molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) on the reaction yield and on the characteristics of carboxymethyl chitosan such as average degree of substitution (DS¯) and solubility. 26778157 0 32 theme synthesis 39:47 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of carboxymethyl chitosan synthesis 0:47 Optimization of carboxymethyl chitosan synthesis using response surface methodology and desirability function. 26778157 3 33 theme optimization 573:584 arg1 strategy 586:593 An optimization strategy 570:593 An optimization strategy based on response surface methodology 570:631 An optimization strategy based on response surface methodology was used together with the desirability function approach to optimize this process. 26778157 7 34 theme thermogravimetry 1170:1185 arg1 analysis 1187:1194 thermogravimetry analysis 1170:1194 thermogravimetry analysis 1170:1194 X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry analysis showed that crystallinity and thermal stability of derivatives was lower than chitosan and decreased with increase of DS¯. 26778157 0 35 theme surface 64:70 arg1 methodology 72:82 response surface methodology 55:82 response surface methodology 55:82 Optimization of carboxymethyl chitosan synthesis using response surface methodology and desirability function. 26778157 5 36 theme MCA 991:993 arg1 Ch 1006:1007 Ch 1006:1007 Ch 1006:1007 The optimum conditions for carboxymethylation process were found to be 12.4, 10.6h and 5 for molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch), respectively. 26778157 5 36 theme MCA 991:993 arg1 /Chitosan 995:1003 monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan 968:1003 monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) 968:1008 The optimum conditions for carboxymethylation process were found to be 12.4, 10.6h and 5 for molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch), respectively. 26778157 7 37 theme X-ray 1148:1152 arg1 diffraction 1154:1164 X-ray diffraction 1148:1164 X-ray diffraction 1148:1164 X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry analysis showed that crystallinity and thermal stability of derivatives was lower than chitosan and decreased with increase of DS¯. 26778157 2 38 theme /Chitosan 419:427 arg1 effect 310:315 the effect 306:315 the effect of molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) on the reaction yield and on the characteristics of carboxymethyl chitosan such as average degree of substitution (DS¯) and solubility 306:567 A 2(3) full-factorial central composite design was applied to evaluate the effect of molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) on the reaction yield and on the characteristics of carboxymethyl chitosan such as average degree of substitution (DS¯) and solubility. 26778157 2 39 theme time 371:374 arg1 effect 310:315 the effect 306:315 the effect of molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) on the reaction yield and on the characteristics of carboxymethyl chitosan such as average degree of substitution (DS¯) and solubility 306:567 A 2(3) full-factorial central composite design was applied to evaluate the effect of molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) on the reaction yield and on the characteristics of carboxymethyl chitosan such as average degree of substitution (DS¯) and solubility. 26778157 1 40 theme monochloroacetic 152:167 arg1 acid 169:172 monochloroacetic acid 152:172 monochloroacetic acid 152:172 In this paper, chitosan was reacted with monochloroacetic acid under alkaline conditions to prepare carboxymethyl chitosan. 26778157 2 41 theme hydroxide 339:347 arg1 Ch 366:367 Ch 366:367 Ch 366:367 A 2(3) full-factorial central composite design was applied to evaluate the effect of molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) on the reaction yield and on the characteristics of carboxymethyl chitosan such as average degree of substitution (DS¯) and solubility. 26778157 2 41 theme hydroxide 339:347 arg1 /Chitosan 355:363 molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan 320:363 molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch) 320:368 A 2(3) full-factorial central composite design was applied to evaluate the effect of molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) on the reaction yield and on the characteristics of carboxymethyl chitosan such as average degree of substitution (DS¯) and solubility. 26778157 2 42 theme full-factorial 242:255 arg1 design 275:280 A 2(3) full-factorial central composite design 235:280 A 2(3) full-factorial central composite design 235:280 A 2(3) full-factorial central composite design was applied to evaluate the effect of molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) on the reaction yield and on the characteristics of carboxymethyl chitosan such as average degree of substitution (DS¯) and solubility. 26778157 2 43 theme average 517:523 arg1 degree 525:530 average degree 517:530 average degree of substitution (DS¯) 517:552 A 2(3) full-factorial central composite design was applied to evaluate the effect of molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) on the reaction yield and on the characteristics of carboxymethyl chitosan such as average degree of substitution (DS¯) and solubility. 26778157 7 44 theme derivatives 1247:1257 arg1 crystallinity 1208:1220 crystallinity 1208:1220 crystallinity 1208:1220 X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry analysis showed that crystallinity and thermal stability of derivatives was lower than chitosan and decreased with increase of DS¯. 26778157 7 44 theme derivatives 1247:1257 arg1 stability 1234:1242 thermal stability 1226:1242 thermal stability 1226:1242 X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry analysis showed that crystallinity and thermal stability of derivatives was lower than chitosan and decreased with increase of DS¯. 26778157 7 45 theme DS¯ 1314:1316 arg1 increase 1302:1309 increase 1302:1309 increase of DS¯ 1302:1316 X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry analysis showed that crystallinity and thermal stability of derivatives was lower than chitosan and decreased with increase of DS¯. 26778157 2 46 theme sodium 332:337 arg1 hydroxide 339:347 molar ratio sodium hydroxide 320:347 molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch) 320:368 A 2(3) full-factorial central composite design was applied to evaluate the effect of molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) on the reaction yield and on the characteristics of carboxymethyl chitosan such as average degree of substitution (DS¯) and solubility. 26778157 2 46 theme sodium 332:337 arg1 NaOH 350:353 NaOH 350:353 NaOH 350:353 A 2(3) full-factorial central composite design was applied to evaluate the effect of molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) on the reaction yield and on the characteristics of carboxymethyl chitosan such as average degree of substitution (DS¯) and solubility. 26778157 3 47 theme response 604:611 arg1 methodology 621:631 response surface methodology 604:631 response surface methodology 604:631 An optimization strategy based on response surface methodology was used together with the desirability function approach to optimize this process. 26778157 2 48 theme composite 265:273 arg1 design 275:280 A 2(3) full-factorial central composite design 235:280 A 2(3) full-factorial central composite design 235:280 A 2(3) full-factorial central composite design was applied to evaluate the effect of molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) on the reaction yield and on the characteristics of carboxymethyl chitosan such as average degree of substitution (DS¯) and solubility. 26778157 2 49 theme ratio 326:330 arg1 hydroxide 339:347 molar ratio sodium hydroxide 320:347 molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch) 320:368 A 2(3) full-factorial central composite design was applied to evaluate the effect of molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) on the reaction yield and on the characteristics of carboxymethyl chitosan such as average degree of substitution (DS¯) and solubility. 26778157 2 49 theme ratio 326:330 arg1 NaOH 350:353 NaOH 350:353 NaOH 350:353 A 2(3) full-factorial central composite design was applied to evaluate the effect of molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) on the reaction yield and on the characteristics of carboxymethyl chitosan such as average degree of substitution (DS¯) and solubility. 26778157 3 50 used used 637:640 arg2 strategy 586:593 An optimization strategy 570:593 An optimization strategy based on response surface methodology 570:631 An optimization strategy based on response surface methodology was used together with the desirability function approach to optimize this process. 26778157 3 51 theme surface 613:619 arg1 methodology 621:631 response surface methodology 604:631 response surface methodology 604:631 An optimization strategy based on response surface methodology was used together with the desirability function approach to optimize this process. 26778157 2 52 theme central 257:263 arg1 design 275:280 A 2(3) full-factorial central composite design 235:280 A 2(3) full-factorial central composite design 235:280 A 2(3) full-factorial central composite design was applied to evaluate the effect of molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) on the reaction yield and on the characteristics of carboxymethyl chitosan such as average degree of substitution (DS¯) and solubility. 26778157 2 53 theme monochloroacetic 392:407 arg1 Ch 430:431 Ch 430:431 Ch 430:431 A 2(3) full-factorial central composite design was applied to evaluate the effect of molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) on the reaction yield and on the characteristics of carboxymethyl chitosan such as average degree of substitution (DS¯) and solubility. 26778157 2 53 theme monochloroacetic 392:407 arg1 /Chitosan 419:427 molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan 380:427 molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) 380:432 A 2(3) full-factorial central composite design was applied to evaluate the effect of molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) on the reaction yield and on the characteristics of carboxymethyl chitosan such as average degree of substitution (DS¯) and solubility. 26778157 5 54 theme carboxymethylation 830:847 arg1 process 849:855 carboxymethylation process 830:855 carboxymethylation process 830:855 The optimum conditions for carboxymethylation process were found to be 12.4, 10.6h and 5 for molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch), respectively. 26778157 7 55 theme thermal 1226:1232 arg1 stability 1234:1242 thermal stability 1226:1242 thermal stability 1226:1242 X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry analysis showed that crystallinity and thermal stability of derivatives was lower than chitosan and decreased with increase of DS¯. 26778157 2 56 theme reaction 441:448 arg1 yield 450:454 the reaction yield 437:454 the reaction yield 437:454 A 2(3) full-factorial central composite design was applied to evaluate the effect of molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) on the reaction yield and on the characteristics of carboxymethyl chitosan such as average degree of substitution (DS¯) and solubility. 26778157 0 57 theme carboxymethyl 16:28 arg1 synthesis 39:47 carboxymethyl chitosan synthesis 16:47 carboxymethyl chitosan synthesis 16:47 Optimization of carboxymethyl chitosan synthesis using response surface methodology and desirability function. 26778157 2 58 theme /Chitosan 355:363 arg1 effect 310:315 the effect 306:315 the effect of molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) on the reaction yield and on the characteristics of carboxymethyl chitosan such as average degree of substitution (DS¯) and solubility 306:567 A 2(3) full-factorial central composite design was applied to evaluate the effect of molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) on the reaction yield and on the characteristics of carboxymethyl chitosan such as average degree of substitution (DS¯) and solubility. 26778157 2 59 from effect 310:315 arg1 solubility 558:567 solubility 558:567 solubility 558:567 A 2(3) full-factorial central composite design was applied to evaluate the effect of molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) on the reaction yield and on the characteristics of carboxymethyl chitosan such as average degree of substitution (DS¯) and solubility. 26778157 2 59 from effect 310:315 arg1 yield 450:454 the reaction yield 437:454 the reaction yield 437:454 A 2(3) full-factorial central composite design was applied to evaluate the effect of molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) on the reaction yield and on the characteristics of carboxymethyl chitosan such as average degree of substitution (DS¯) and solubility. 26778157 2 59 from effect 310:315 arg1 degree 525:530 average degree 517:530 average degree of substitution (DS¯) 517:552 A 2(3) full-factorial central composite design was applied to evaluate the effect of molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) on the reaction yield and on the characteristics of carboxymethyl chitosan such as average degree of substitution (DS¯) and solubility. 26778157 2 59 from effect 310:315 arg1 characteristics 467:481 the characteristics 463:481 the characteristics of carboxymethyl chitosan such as average degree of substitution (DS¯) and solubility 463:567 A 2(3) full-factorial central composite design was applied to evaluate the effect of molar ratio sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Chitosan (Ch), time and molar ratio monochloroacetic acid (MCA)/Chitosan (Ch) on the reaction yield and on the characteristics of carboxymethyl chitosan such as average degree of substitution (DS¯) and solubility. 28634480 0 0 theme Complement-Dependent 92:111 arg1 Cytotoxicity 113:124 Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity 92:124 Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity 92:124 Fc-Galactosylation of Human Immunoglobulin Gamma Isotypes Improves C1q Binding and Enhances Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity. 28634480 1 1 theme CH2 174:176 arg1 gamma 217:221 antigen-bound immunoglobulin gamma 188:221 antigen-bound immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) 188:227 Binding of the complement component C1q to the CH2 domain of antigen-bound immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) activates the classical complement pathway and depends on its close proximity to Fc fragments of neighboring antibodies. 28634480 1 1 theme CH2 174:176 arg1 domain 178:183 the CH2 domain 170:183 the CH2 domain of antigen-bound immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) 170:227 Binding of the complement component C1q to the CH2 domain of antigen-bound immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) activates the classical complement pathway and depends on its close proximity to Fc fragments of neighboring antibodies. 28634480 3 2 theme monoclonal 709:718 arg1 rituximab 729:737 the CD20-specific monoclonal antibody rituximab 691:737 the CD20-specific monoclonal antibody rituximab 691:737 To investigate whether Fc-glycosylation regulates effector functions of human IgG subclasses, we cloned the antigen-binding region of the CD20-specific monoclonal antibody rituximab into IgG isotype expression vectors. 28634480 6 3 theme FcγRIIIa-binding 1233:1248 arg1 affinities 1250:1259 FcγRIIIa-binding affinities 1233:1259 FcγRIIIa-binding affinities 1233:1259 Addition of terminal galactose to the N-glycan specifically improved binding of C1q without changing antigen- and FcγRIIIa-binding affinities of IgG isotypes. 28634480 5 4 theme complement-fixing 1089:1105 arg1 properties 1107:1116 complement-fixing properties 1089:1116 complement-fixing properties 1089:1116 Increased efficacies were restricted to IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses indicating that Fc-galactosylation alone is not sufficient for IgG2 and IgG4 to acquire complement-fixing properties. 28634480 2 5 contain contain 365:371 arg1 subclasses 354:363 IgG subclasses 350:363 IgG subclasses 350:363 IgG subclasses contain a highly conserved asparagine 297 (N)-linked biantennary glycan within their CH2 domains, the core structure of which can be extended with terminal galactose and sialic acid residues. 28634480 2 5 contain contain 365:371 arg2 glycan 430:435 a highly conserved asparagine 297 (N)-linked biantennary glycan 373:435 a highly conserved asparagine 297 (N)-linked biantennary glycan within their CH2 domains, the core structure of which can be extended with terminal galactose and sialic acid residues 373:554 IgG subclasses contain a highly conserved asparagine 297 (N)-linked biantennary glycan within their CH2 domains, the core structure of which can be extended with terminal galactose and sialic acid residues. 28634480 3 6 theme expression 756:765 arg1 vectors 767:773 IgG isotype expression vectors 744:773 IgG isotype expression vectors 744:773 To investigate whether Fc-glycosylation regulates effector functions of human IgG subclasses, we cloned the antigen-binding region of the CD20-specific monoclonal antibody rituximab into IgG isotype expression vectors. 28634480 4 7 theme CD20-targeting 834:847 arg1 antibodies 867:876 CD20-targeting complement-fixing antibodies 834:876 CD20-targeting complement-fixing antibodies 834:876 We found that Fc-galactosylation enhances the efficacy of CD20-targeting complement-fixing antibodies for C1q binding and complement-mediated tumor cell lysis. 28634480 7 8 theme IgG3 1399:1402 arg1 antibodies 1404:1413 IgG3 antibodies 1399:1413 IgG3 antibodies 1399:1413 These data indicate that Fc galactosylation can be harnessed to enhance the complement-activating properties of IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies. 28634480 2 9 theme terminal 512:519 arg1 galactose 521:529 terminal galactose 512:529 terminal galactose 512:529 IgG subclasses contain a highly conserved asparagine 297 (N)-linked biantennary glycan within their CH2 domains, the core structure of which can be extended with terminal galactose and sialic acid residues. 28634480 7 10 theme antibodies 1404:1413 arg1 properties 1376:1385 the complement-activating properties 1350:1385 the complement-activating properties of IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies 1350:1413 These data indicate that Fc galactosylation can be harnessed to enhance the complement-activating properties of IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies. 28634480 4 11 theme tumor 918:922 arg1 lysis 929:933 complement-mediated tumor cell lysis 898:933 complement-mediated tumor cell lysis 898:933 We found that Fc-galactosylation enhances the efficacy of CD20-targeting complement-fixing antibodies for C1q binding and complement-mediated tumor cell lysis. 28634480 6 12 theme C1q 1199:1201 arg1 binding 1188:1194 binding 1188:1194 binding of C1q 1188:1201 Addition of terminal galactose to the N-glycan specifically improved binding of C1q without changing antigen- and FcγRIIIa-binding affinities of IgG isotypes. 28634480 4 13 theme complement-mediated 898:916 arg1 lysis 929:933 complement-mediated tumor cell lysis 898:933 complement-mediated tumor cell lysis 898:933 We found that Fc-galactosylation enhances the efficacy of CD20-targeting complement-fixing antibodies for C1q binding and complement-mediated tumor cell lysis. 28634480 3 14 theme IgG 744:746 arg1 isotype 748:754 IgG isotype 744:754 IgG isotype expression vectors 744:773 To investigate whether Fc-glycosylation regulates effector functions of human IgG subclasses, we cloned the antigen-binding region of the CD20-specific monoclonal antibody rituximab into IgG isotype expression vectors. 28634480 4 15 theme antibodies 867:876 arg1 efficacy 822:829 the efficacy 818:829 the efficacy of CD20-targeting complement-fixing antibodies for C1q binding and complement-mediated tumor cell lysis 818:933 We found that Fc-galactosylation enhances the efficacy of CD20-targeting complement-fixing antibodies for C1q binding and complement-mediated tumor cell lysis. 28634480 1 16 theme classical 243:251 arg1 pathway 264:270 the classical complement pathway 239:270 the classical complement pathway 239:270 Binding of the complement component C1q to the CH2 domain of antigen-bound immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) activates the classical complement pathway and depends on its close proximity to Fc fragments of neighboring antibodies. 28634480 1 17 theme antigen-bound 188:200 arg1 IgG 224:226 IgG 224:226 IgG 224:226 Binding of the complement component C1q to the CH2 domain of antigen-bound immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) activates the classical complement pathway and depends on its close proximity to Fc fragments of neighboring antibodies. 28634480 1 17 theme antigen-bound 188:200 arg1 gamma 217:221 antigen-bound immunoglobulin gamma 188:221 antigen-bound immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) 188:227 Binding of the complement component C1q to the CH2 domain of antigen-bound immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) activates the classical complement pathway and depends on its close proximity to Fc fragments of neighboring antibodies. 28634480 3 18 theme isotype 748:754 arg1 vectors 767:773 IgG isotype expression vectors 744:773 IgG isotype expression vectors 744:773 To investigate whether Fc-glycosylation regulates effector functions of human IgG subclasses, we cloned the antigen-binding region of the CD20-specific monoclonal antibody rituximab into IgG isotype expression vectors. 28634480 7 19 theme IgG1 1390:1393 arg1 properties 1376:1385 the complement-activating properties 1350:1385 the complement-activating properties of IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies 1350:1413 These data indicate that Fc galactosylation can be harnessed to enhance the complement-activating properties of IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies. 28634480 1 20 theme immunoglobulin 202:215 arg1 IgG 224:226 IgG 224:226 IgG 224:226 Binding of the complement component C1q to the CH2 domain of antigen-bound immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) activates the classical complement pathway and depends on its close proximity to Fc fragments of neighboring antibodies. 28634480 1 20 theme immunoglobulin 202:215 arg1 gamma 217:221 antigen-bound immunoglobulin gamma 188:221 antigen-bound immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) 188:227 Binding of the complement component C1q to the CH2 domain of antigen-bound immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) activates the classical complement pathway and depends on its close proximity to Fc fragments of neighboring antibodies. 28634480 2 21 theme domains 454:460 arg1 structure 472:480 the core structure 463:480 the core structure 463:480 IgG subclasses contain a highly conserved asparagine 297 (N)-linked biantennary glycan within their CH2 domains, the core structure of which can be extended with terminal galactose and sialic acid residues. 28634480 1 22 theme close 291:295 arg1 proximity 297:305 its close proximity 287:305 its close proximity to Fc fragments of neighboring antibodies 287:347 Binding of the complement component C1q to the CH2 domain of antigen-bound immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) activates the classical complement pathway and depends on its close proximity to Fc fragments of neighboring antibodies. 28634480 4 23 theme cell 924:927 arg1 lysis 929:933 complement-mediated tumor cell lysis 898:933 complement-mediated tumor cell lysis 898:933 We found that Fc-galactosylation enhances the efficacy of CD20-targeting complement-fixing antibodies for C1q binding and complement-mediated tumor cell lysis. 28634480 6 24 theme isotypes 1268:1275 arg1 antigen- 1220:1227 antigen- 1220:1227 antigen- 1220:1227 Addition of terminal galactose to the N-glycan specifically improved binding of C1q without changing antigen- and FcγRIIIa-binding affinities of IgG isotypes. 28634480 6 24 theme isotypes 1268:1275 arg1 affinities 1250:1259 FcγRIIIa-binding affinities 1233:1259 FcγRIIIa-binding affinities 1233:1259 Addition of terminal galactose to the N-glycan specifically improved binding of C1q without changing antigen- and FcγRIIIa-binding affinities of IgG isotypes. 28634480 1 25 theme gamma 217:221 arg1 gamma 217:221 antigen-bound immunoglobulin gamma 188:221 antigen-bound immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) 188:227 Binding of the complement component C1q to the CH2 domain of antigen-bound immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) activates the classical complement pathway and depends on its close proximity to Fc fragments of neighboring antibodies. 28634480 1 25 theme gamma 217:221 arg1 domain 178:183 the CH2 domain 170:183 the CH2 domain of antigen-bound immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) 170:227 Binding of the complement component C1q to the CH2 domain of antigen-bound immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) activates the classical complement pathway and depends on its close proximity to Fc fragments of neighboring antibodies. 28634480 0 26 theme Immunoglobulin 28:41 arg1 Isotypes 49:56 Human Immunoglobulin Gamma Isotypes 22:56 Human Immunoglobulin Gamma Isotypes 22:56 Fc-Galactosylation of Human Immunoglobulin Gamma Isotypes Improves C1q Binding and Enhances Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity. 28634480 3 27 theme human 629:633 arg1 subclasses 639:648 human IgG subclasses 629:648 human IgG subclasses 629:648 To investigate whether Fc-glycosylation regulates effector functions of human IgG subclasses, we cloned the antigen-binding region of the CD20-specific monoclonal antibody rituximab into IgG isotype expression vectors. 28634480 6 28 theme IgG 1264:1266 arg1 isotypes 1268:1275 IgG isotypes 1264:1275 IgG isotypes 1264:1275 Addition of terminal galactose to the N-glycan specifically improved binding of C1q without changing antigen- and FcγRIIIa-binding affinities of IgG isotypes. 28634480 0 29 theme Human 22:26 arg1 Isotypes 49:56 Human Immunoglobulin Gamma Isotypes 22:56 Human Immunoglobulin Gamma Isotypes 22:56 Fc-Galactosylation of Human Immunoglobulin Gamma Isotypes Improves C1q Binding and Enhances Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity. 28634480 0 30 theme Isotypes 49:56 arg1 Fc-Galactosylation 0:17 Fc-Galactosylation 0:17 Fc-Galactosylation of Human Immunoglobulin Gamma Isotypes 0:56 Fc-Galactosylation of Human Immunoglobulin Gamma Isotypes Improves C1q Binding and Enhances Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity. 28634480 1 31 theme Fc 310:311 arg1 fragments 313:321 Fc fragments 310:321 Fc fragments of neighboring antibodies 310:347 Binding of the complement component C1q to the CH2 domain of antigen-bound immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) activates the classical complement pathway and depends on its close proximity to Fc fragments of neighboring antibodies. 28634480 7 32 theme Fc 1303:1304 arg1 galactosylation 1306:1320 Fc galactosylation 1303:1320 Fc galactosylation 1303:1320 These data indicate that Fc galactosylation can be harnessed to enhance the complement-activating properties of IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies. 28634480 3 33 theme antigen-binding 665:679 arg1 region 681:686 the antigen-binding region 661:686 the antigen-binding region of the CD20-specific monoclonal antibody rituximab into IgG isotype expression vectors 661:773 To investigate whether Fc-glycosylation regulates effector functions of human IgG subclasses, we cloned the antigen-binding region of the CD20-specific monoclonal antibody rituximab into IgG isotype expression vectors. 28634480 4 34 theme C1q 882:884 arg1 binding 886:892 C1q binding 882:892 C1q binding 882:892 We found that Fc-galactosylation enhances the efficacy of CD20-targeting complement-fixing antibodies for C1q binding and complement-mediated tumor cell lysis. 28634480 6 35 theme galactose 1140:1148 arg1 Addition 1119:1126 Addition 1119:1126 Addition of terminal galactose to the N-glycan 1119:1164 Addition of terminal galactose to the N-glycan specifically improved binding of C1q without changing antigen- and FcγRIIIa-binding affinities of IgG isotypes. 28634480 0 36 theme Gamma 43:47 arg1 Isotypes 49:56 Human Immunoglobulin Gamma Isotypes 22:56 Human Immunoglobulin Gamma Isotypes 22:56 Fc-Galactosylation of Human Immunoglobulin Gamma Isotypes Improves C1q Binding and Enhances Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity. 28634480 2 37 theme sialic 535:540 arg1 acid 542:545 sialic acid 535:545 sialic acid 535:545 IgG subclasses contain a highly conserved asparagine 297 (N)-linked biantennary glycan within their CH2 domains, the core structure of which can be extended with terminal galactose and sialic acid residues. 28634480 2 38 theme CH2 450:452 arg1 domains 454:460 their CH2 domains 444:460 their CH2 domains 444:460 IgG subclasses contain a highly conserved asparagine 297 (N)-linked biantennary glycan within their CH2 domains, the core structure of which can be extended with terminal galactose and sialic acid residues. 28634480 6 39 theme terminal 1131:1138 arg1 galactose 1140:1148 terminal galactose 1131:1148 terminal galactose 1131:1148 Addition of terminal galactose to the N-glycan specifically improved binding of C1q without changing antigen- and FcγRIIIa-binding affinities of IgG isotypes. 28634480 0 40 theme C1q 67:69 arg1 Binding 71:77 C1q Binding 67:77 C1q Binding 67:77 Fc-Galactosylation of Human Immunoglobulin Gamma Isotypes Improves C1q Binding and Enhances Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity. 28634480 5 41 theme IgG3 985:988 arg1 subclasses 990:999 IgG3 subclasses 985:999 IgG3 subclasses 985:999 Increased efficacies were restricted to IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses indicating that Fc-galactosylation alone is not sufficient for IgG2 and IgG4 to acquire complement-fixing properties. 28634480 2 42 dep galactose 521:529 arg1 residues 547:554 residues 547:554 residues 547:554 IgG subclasses contain a highly conserved asparagine 297 (N)-linked biantennary glycan within their CH2 domains, the core structure of which can be extended with terminal galactose and sialic acid residues. 28634480 1 43 theme neighboring 326:336 arg1 antibodies 338:347 neighboring antibodies 326:347 neighboring antibodies 326:347 Binding of the complement component C1q to the CH2 domain of antigen-bound immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) activates the classical complement pathway and depends on its close proximity to Fc fragments of neighboring antibodies. 28634480 3 44 theme effector 607:614 arg1 functions 616:624 effector functions 607:624 effector functions of human IgG subclasses 607:648 To investigate whether Fc-glycosylation regulates effector functions of human IgG subclasses, we cloned the antigen-binding region of the CD20-specific monoclonal antibody rituximab into IgG isotype expression vectors. 28634480 1 45 theme complement 142:151 arg1 C1q 163:165 the complement component C1q 138:165 the complement component C1q 138:165 Binding of the complement component C1q to the CH2 domain of antigen-bound immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) activates the classical complement pathway and depends on its close proximity to Fc fragments of neighboring antibodies. 28634480 4 46 theme complement-fixing 849:865 arg1 antibodies 867:876 CD20-targeting complement-fixing antibodies 834:876 CD20-targeting complement-fixing antibodies 834:876 We found that Fc-galactosylation enhances the efficacy of CD20-targeting complement-fixing antibodies for C1q binding and complement-mediated tumor cell lysis. 28634480 1 47 theme antibodies 338:347 arg1 fragments 313:321 Fc fragments 310:321 Fc fragments of neighboring antibodies 310:347 Binding of the complement component C1q to the CH2 domain of antigen-bound immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) activates the classical complement pathway and depends on its close proximity to Fc fragments of neighboring antibodies. 28634480 3 48 theme CD20-specific 695:707 arg1 rituximab 729:737 the CD20-specific monoclonal antibody rituximab 691:737 the CD20-specific monoclonal antibody rituximab 691:737 To investigate whether Fc-glycosylation regulates effector functions of human IgG subclasses, we cloned the antigen-binding region of the CD20-specific monoclonal antibody rituximab into IgG isotype expression vectors. 28634480 3 49 theme subclasses 639:648 arg1 functions 616:624 effector functions 607:624 effector functions of human IgG subclasses 607:648 To investigate whether Fc-glycosylation regulates effector functions of human IgG subclasses, we cloned the antigen-binding region of the CD20-specific monoclonal antibody rituximab into IgG isotype expression vectors. 28634480 1 50 theme component 153:161 arg1 C1q 163:165 the complement component C1q 138:165 the complement component C1q 138:165 Binding of the complement component C1q to the CH2 domain of antigen-bound immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) activates the classical complement pathway and depends on its close proximity to Fc fragments of neighboring antibodies. 28634480 2 51 dep conserved 382:390 arg1 biantennary 418:428 biantennary 418:428 biantennary 418:428 IgG subclasses contain a highly conserved asparagine 297 (N)-linked biantennary glycan within their CH2 domains, the core structure of which can be extended with terminal galactose and sialic acid residues. 28634480 2 51 dep conserved 382:390 arg1 -linked 410:416 -linked 410:416 -linked 410:416 IgG subclasses contain a highly conserved asparagine 297 (N)-linked biantennary glycan within their CH2 domains, the core structure of which can be extended with terminal galactose and sialic acid residues. 28634480 1 52 theme C1q 163:165 arg1 Binding 127:133 Binding 127:133 Binding of the complement component C1q to the CH2 domain of antigen-bound immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) 127:227 Binding of the complement component C1q to the CH2 domain of antigen-bound immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) activates the classical complement pathway and depends on its close proximity to Fc fragments of neighboring antibodies. 28634480 2 53 theme IgG 350:352 arg1 subclasses 354:363 IgG subclasses 350:363 IgG subclasses 350:363 IgG subclasses contain a highly conserved asparagine 297 (N)-linked biantennary glycan within their CH2 domains, the core structure of which can be extended with terminal galactose and sialic acid residues. 28634480 3 54 theme antibody 720:727 arg1 rituximab 729:737 the CD20-specific monoclonal antibody rituximab 691:737 the CD20-specific monoclonal antibody rituximab 691:737 To investigate whether Fc-glycosylation regulates effector functions of human IgG subclasses, we cloned the antigen-binding region of the CD20-specific monoclonal antibody rituximab into IgG isotype expression vectors. 28634480 5 55 theme Increased 936:944 arg1 efficacies 946:955 Increased efficacies 936:955 Increased efficacies 936:955 Increased efficacies were restricted to IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses indicating that Fc-galactosylation alone is not sufficient for IgG2 and IgG4 to acquire complement-fixing properties. 28634480 1 56 theme complement 253:262 arg1 pathway 264:270 the classical complement pathway 239:270 the classical complement pathway 239:270 Binding of the complement component C1q to the CH2 domain of antigen-bound immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) activates the classical complement pathway and depends on its close proximity to Fc fragments of neighboring antibodies. 28634480 2 57 theme core 467:470 arg1 structure 472:480 the core structure 463:480 the core structure 463:480 IgG subclasses contain a highly conserved asparagine 297 (N)-linked biantennary glycan within their CH2 domains, the core structure of which can be extended with terminal galactose and sialic acid residues. 28634480 3 58 theme rituximab 729:737 arg1 region 681:686 the antigen-binding region 661:686 the antigen-binding region of the CD20-specific monoclonal antibody rituximab into IgG isotype expression vectors 661:773 To investigate whether Fc-glycosylation regulates effector functions of human IgG subclasses, we cloned the antigen-binding region of the CD20-specific monoclonal antibody rituximab into IgG isotype expression vectors. 28634480 3 59 theme IgG 635:637 arg1 subclasses 639:648 human IgG subclasses 629:648 human IgG subclasses 629:648 To investigate whether Fc-glycosylation regulates effector functions of human IgG subclasses, we cloned the antigen-binding region of the CD20-specific monoclonal antibody rituximab into IgG isotype expression vectors. 28634480 2 60 theme conserved 382:390 arg1 glycan 430:435 a highly conserved asparagine 297 (N)-linked biantennary glycan 373:435 a highly conserved asparagine 297 (N)-linked biantennary glycan within their CH2 domains, the core structure of which can be extended with terminal galactose and sialic acid residues 373:554 IgG subclasses contain a highly conserved asparagine 297 (N)-linked biantennary glycan within their CH2 domains, the core structure of which can be extended with terminal galactose and sialic acid residues. 28634480 7 61 theme complement-activating 1354:1374 arg1 properties 1376:1385 the complement-activating properties 1350:1385 the complement-activating properties of IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies 1350:1413 These data indicate that Fc galactosylation can be harnessed to enhance the complement-activating properties of IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies. 26050899 1 0 theme common 139:144 arg1 monkfish 154:161 monkfish 154:161 monkfish 154:161 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was purified from the bones of common fishes, monkfish, cod, spiny dogfish, salmon and tuna, and characterized in an effort to find alternative sources and new peculiar structures of this complex biomacromolecule utilized in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industry. 26050899 1 0 theme common 139:144 arg1 fishes 146:151 common fishes 139:151 common fishes 139:151 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was purified from the bones of common fishes, monkfish, cod, spiny dogfish, salmon and tuna, and characterized in an effort to find alternative sources and new peculiar structures of this complex biomacromolecule utilized in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industry. 26050899 4 1 theme % 730:730 arg1 range 713:717 a range 711:717 a range of 1.3-10.5% 711:730 The disulfated species ΔDi2,6dis was present in all CS extracts in a range of 1.3-10.5%. 26050899 1 2 theme fishes 146:151 arg1 tuna 195:198 tuna 195:198 tuna 195:198 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was purified from the bones of common fishes, monkfish, cod, spiny dogfish, salmon and tuna, and characterized in an effort to find alternative sources and new peculiar structures of this complex biomacromolecule utilized in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industry. 26050899 1 2 theme fishes 146:151 arg1 salmon 184:189 salmon 184:189 salmon 184:189 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was purified from the bones of common fishes, monkfish, cod, spiny dogfish, salmon and tuna, and characterized in an effort to find alternative sources and new peculiar structures of this complex biomacromolecule utilized in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industry. 26050899 1 2 theme fishes 146:151 arg1 cod 164:166 cod 164:166 cod 164:166 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was purified from the bones of common fishes, monkfish, cod, spiny dogfish, salmon and tuna, and characterized in an effort to find alternative sources and new peculiar structures of this complex biomacromolecule utilized in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industry. 26050899 1 2 theme fishes 146:151 arg1 dogfish 175:181 spiny dogfish 169:181 spiny dogfish 169:181 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was purified from the bones of common fishes, monkfish, cod, spiny dogfish, salmon and tuna, and characterized in an effort to find alternative sources and new peculiar structures of this complex biomacromolecule utilized in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industry. 26050899 1 2 theme fishes 146:151 arg1 bones 130:134 the bones 126:134 the bones of common fishes, monkfish 126:161 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was purified from the bones of common fishes, monkfish, cod, spiny dogfish, salmon and tuna, and characterized in an effort to find alternative sources and new peculiar structures of this complex biomacromolecule utilized in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industry. 26050899 3 3 theme disaccharides 604:616 arg1 presence 513:520 the presence 509:520 the presence of nonsulfated disaccharide, monosulfated species ΔDi6s and ΔDi4s, and disulfated disaccharides in different percentages 509:641 The disaccharide pattern showed the presence of nonsulfated disaccharide, monosulfated species ΔDi6s and ΔDi4s, and disulfated disaccharides in different percentages. 26050899 1 4 theme complex 296:302 arg1 biomacromolecule 304:319 this complex biomacromolecule 291:319 this complex biomacromolecule utilized in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industry 291:377 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was purified from the bones of common fishes, monkfish, cod, spiny dogfish, salmon and tuna, and characterized in an effort to find alternative sources and new peculiar structures of this complex biomacromolecule utilized in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industry. 26050899 3 5 from percentages 631:641 arg1 presence 513:520 the presence 509:520 the presence of nonsulfated disaccharide, monosulfated species ΔDi6s and ΔDi4s, and disulfated disaccharides in different percentages 509:641 The disaccharide pattern showed the presence of nonsulfated disaccharide, monosulfated species ΔDi6s and ΔDi4s, and disulfated disaccharides in different percentages. 26050899 1 6 theme biomacromolecule 304:319 arg1 structures 277:286 new peculiar structures 264:286 new peculiar structures 264:286 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was purified from the bones of common fishes, monkfish, cod, spiny dogfish, salmon and tuna, and characterized in an effort to find alternative sources and new peculiar structures of this complex biomacromolecule utilized in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industry. 26050899 1 6 theme biomacromolecule 304:319 arg1 sources 252:258 alternative sources 240:258 alternative sources 240:258 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was purified from the bones of common fishes, monkfish, cod, spiny dogfish, salmon and tuna, and characterized in an effort to find alternative sources and new peculiar structures of this complex biomacromolecule utilized in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industry. 26050899 3 7 from disaccharides 604:616 arg1 percentages 631:641 different percentages 621:641 different percentages 621:641 The disaccharide pattern showed the presence of nonsulfated disaccharide, monosulfated species ΔDi6s and ΔDi4s, and disulfated disaccharides in different percentages. 26050899 5 8 theme useful 789:794 arg1 marker 796:801 a useful marker 787:801 a useful marker for the marine origin of CS 787:829 The presence of these disulfated disaccharides may be a useful marker for the marine origin of CS. 26050899 5 8 theme useful 789:794 arg1 presence 737:744 The presence 733:744 The presence of these disulfated disaccharides 733:778 The presence of these disulfated disaccharides may be a useful marker for the marine origin of CS. 26050899 4 9 from range 713:717 arg1 ΔDi2,6dis 667:675 The disulfated species ΔDi2,6dis 644:675 The disulfated species ΔDi2,6dis 644:675 The disulfated species ΔDi2,6dis was present in all CS extracts in a range of 1.3-10.5%. 26050899 4 9 from range 713:717 arg1 present 681:687 present 681:687 present 681:687 The disulfated species ΔDi2,6dis was present in all CS extracts in a range of 1.3-10.5%. 26050899 1 10 theme Chondroitin 83:93 arg1 CS 104:105 CS 104:105 CS 104:105 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was purified from the bones of common fishes, monkfish, cod, spiny dogfish, salmon and tuna, and characterized in an effort to find alternative sources and new peculiar structures of this complex biomacromolecule utilized in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industry. 26050899 1 10 theme Chondroitin 83:93 arg1 sulfate 95:101 Chondroitin sulfate 83:101 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) 83:106 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was purified from the bones of common fishes, monkfish, cod, spiny dogfish, salmon and tuna, and characterized in an effort to find alternative sources and new peculiar structures of this complex biomacromolecule utilized in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industry. 26050899 5 11 theme marine 811:816 arg1 origin 818:823 the marine origin 807:823 the marine origin of CS 807:829 The presence of these disulfated disaccharides may be a useful marker for the marine origin of CS. 26050899 5 12 theme disulfated 755:764 arg1 disaccharides 766:778 these disulfated disaccharides 749:778 these disulfated disaccharides 749:778 The presence of these disulfated disaccharides may be a useful marker for the marine origin of CS. 26050899 6 13 theme CS 902:903 arg1 production 888:897 the production 884:897 the production of CS with unique disaccharide composition and properties 884:955 The newly identified sources would certainly enable the production of CS with unique disaccharide composition and properties. 26050899 5 14 theme disaccharides 766:778 arg1 marker 796:801 a useful marker 787:801 a useful marker for the marine origin of CS 787:829 The presence of these disulfated disaccharides may be a useful marker for the marine origin of CS. 26050899 5 14 theme disaccharides 766:778 arg1 presence 737:744 The presence 733:744 The presence of these disulfated disaccharides 733:778 The presence of these disulfated disaccharides may be a useful marker for the marine origin of CS. 26050899 6 15 theme disaccharide 917:928 arg1 composition 930:940 unique disaccharide composition 910:940 unique disaccharide composition 910:940 The newly identified sources would certainly enable the production of CS with unique disaccharide composition and properties. 26050899 3 16 theme nonsulfated 525:535 arg1 disaccharide 537:548 nonsulfated disaccharide 525:548 nonsulfated disaccharide 525:548 The disaccharide pattern showed the presence of nonsulfated disaccharide, monosulfated species ΔDi6s and ΔDi4s, and disulfated disaccharides in different percentages. 26050899 3 17 from disaccharide 537:548 arg1 percentages 631:641 different percentages 621:641 different percentages 621:641 The disaccharide pattern showed the presence of nonsulfated disaccharide, monosulfated species ΔDi6s and ΔDi4s, and disulfated disaccharides in different percentages. 26050899 3 18 dep species 564:570 arg1 species 564:570 monosulfated species 551:570 monosulfated species ΔDi6s and ΔDi4s 551:586 The disaccharide pattern showed the presence of nonsulfated disaccharide, monosulfated species ΔDi6s and ΔDi4s, and disulfated disaccharides in different percentages. 26050899 3 18 dep species 564:570 arg1 ΔDi4s 582:586 ΔDi4s 582:586 ΔDi4s 582:586 The disaccharide pattern showed the presence of nonsulfated disaccharide, monosulfated species ΔDi6s and ΔDi4s, and disulfated disaccharides in different percentages. 26050899 3 18 dep species 564:570 arg1 ΔDi6s 572:576 ΔDi6s 572:576 ΔDi6s 572:576 The disaccharide pattern showed the presence of nonsulfated disaccharide, monosulfated species ΔDi6s and ΔDi4s, and disulfated disaccharides in different percentages. 26050899 2 19 theme CS 412:413 arg1 content 415:421 a CS content 410:421 a CS content ranging from 0.011% for cod up to 0.34% for monkfish 410:474 Quantitative analyses yielded a CS content ranging from 0.011% for cod up to 0.34% for monkfish. 26050899 6 20 theme unique 910:915 arg1 composition 930:940 unique disaccharide composition 910:940 unique disaccharide composition 910:940 The newly identified sources would certainly enable the production of CS with unique disaccharide composition and properties. 26050899 4 21 from extracts 699:706 arg1 ΔDi2,6dis 667:675 The disulfated species ΔDi2,6dis 644:675 The disulfated species ΔDi2,6dis 644:675 The disulfated species ΔDi2,6dis was present in all CS extracts in a range of 1.3-10.5%. 26050899 4 21 from extracts 699:706 arg1 present 681:687 present 681:687 present 681:687 The disulfated species ΔDi2,6dis was present in all CS extracts in a range of 1.3-10.5%. 26050899 0 22 theme structural 14:23 arg1 characterization 25:40 structural characterization 14:40 structural characterization 14:40 Isolation and structural characterization of chondroitin sulfate from bony fishes. 26050899 1 23 theme pharmaceutical 337:350 arg1 industry 370:377 the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industry 333:377 industry 370:377 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was purified from the bones of common fishes, monkfish, cod, spiny dogfish, salmon and tuna, and characterized in an effort to find alternative sources and new peculiar structures of this complex biomacromolecule utilized in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industry. 26050899 6 24 with production 888:897 arg1 properties 946:955 properties 946:955 properties 946:955 The newly identified sources would certainly enable the production of CS with unique disaccharide composition and properties. 26050899 6 24 with production 888:897 arg1 composition 930:940 unique disaccharide composition 910:940 unique disaccharide composition 910:940 The newly identified sources would certainly enable the production of CS with unique disaccharide composition and properties. 26050899 1 25 theme spiny 169:173 arg1 dogfish 175:181 spiny dogfish 169:181 spiny dogfish 169:181 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was purified from the bones of common fishes, monkfish, cod, spiny dogfish, salmon and tuna, and characterized in an effort to find alternative sources and new peculiar structures of this complex biomacromolecule utilized in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industry. 26050899 1 25 theme spiny 169:173 arg1 bones 130:134 the bones 126:134 the bones of common fishes, monkfish 126:161 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was purified from the bones of common fishes, monkfish, cod, spiny dogfish, salmon and tuna, and characterized in an effort to find alternative sources and new peculiar structures of this complex biomacromolecule utilized in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industry. 26050899 0 26 theme chondroitin 45:55 arg1 sulfate 57:63 chondroitin sulfate 45:63 chondroitin sulfate 45:63 Isolation and structural characterization of chondroitin sulfate from bony fishes. 26050899 1 27 theme alternative 240:250 arg1 sources 252:258 alternative sources 240:258 alternative sources 240:258 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was purified from the bones of common fishes, monkfish, cod, spiny dogfish, salmon and tuna, and characterized in an effort to find alternative sources and new peculiar structures of this complex biomacromolecule utilized in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industry. 26050899 3 28 theme monosulfated 551:562 arg1 species 564:570 monosulfated species 551:570 monosulfated species ΔDi6s and ΔDi4s 551:586 The disaccharide pattern showed the presence of nonsulfated disaccharide, monosulfated species ΔDi6s and ΔDi4s, and disulfated disaccharides in different percentages. 26050899 3 28 theme monosulfated 551:562 arg1 ΔDi4s 582:586 ΔDi4s 582:586 ΔDi4s 582:586 The disaccharide pattern showed the presence of nonsulfated disaccharide, monosulfated species ΔDi6s and ΔDi4s, and disulfated disaccharides in different percentages. 26050899 3 28 theme monosulfated 551:562 arg1 ΔDi6s 572:576 ΔDi6s 572:576 ΔDi6s 572:576 The disaccharide pattern showed the presence of nonsulfated disaccharide, monosulfated species ΔDi6s and ΔDi4s, and disulfated disaccharides in different percentages. 26050899 3 29 from species 564:570 arg1 percentages 631:641 different percentages 621:641 different percentages 621:641 The disaccharide pattern showed the presence of nonsulfated disaccharide, monosulfated species ΔDi6s and ΔDi4s, and disulfated disaccharides in different percentages. 26050899 2 30 theme Quantitative 380:391 arg1 analyses 393:400 Quantitative analyses 380:400 Quantitative analyses 380:400 Quantitative analyses yielded a CS content ranging from 0.011% for cod up to 0.34% for monkfish. 26050899 1 31 theme nutraceutical 356:368 arg1 industry 370:377 the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industry 333:377 industry 370:377 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was purified from the bones of common fishes, monkfish, cod, spiny dogfish, salmon and tuna, and characterized in an effort to find alternative sources and new peculiar structures of this complex biomacromolecule utilized in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industry. 26050899 3 32 theme species 564:570 arg1 presence 513:520 the presence 509:520 the presence of nonsulfated disaccharide, monosulfated species ΔDi6s and ΔDi4s, and disulfated disaccharides in different percentages 509:641 The disaccharide pattern showed the presence of nonsulfated disaccharide, monosulfated species ΔDi6s and ΔDi4s, and disulfated disaccharides in different percentages. 26050899 5 33 theme CS 828:829 arg1 origin 818:823 the marine origin 807:823 the marine origin of CS 807:829 The presence of these disulfated disaccharides may be a useful marker for the marine origin of CS. 26050899 3 34 theme disulfated 593:602 arg1 disaccharides 604:616 disulfated disaccharides 593:616 disulfated disaccharides in different percentages 593:641 The disaccharide pattern showed the presence of nonsulfated disaccharide, monosulfated species ΔDi6s and ΔDi4s, and disulfated disaccharides in different percentages. 26050899 3 35 theme disaccharide 537:548 arg1 presence 513:520 the presence 509:520 the presence of nonsulfated disaccharide, monosulfated species ΔDi6s and ΔDi4s, and disulfated disaccharides in different percentages 509:641 The disaccharide pattern showed the presence of nonsulfated disaccharide, monosulfated species ΔDi6s and ΔDi4s, and disulfated disaccharides in different percentages. 26050899 0 36 theme sulfate 57:63 arg1 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation and structural characterization of chondroitin sulfate from bony fishes. 26050899 0 36 theme sulfate 57:63 arg1 characterization 25:40 structural characterization 14:40 structural characterization 14:40 Isolation and structural characterization of chondroitin sulfate from bony fishes. 26050899 1 37 theme new 264:266 arg1 structures 277:286 new peculiar structures 264:286 new peculiar structures 264:286 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was purified from the bones of common fishes, monkfish, cod, spiny dogfish, salmon and tuna, and characterized in an effort to find alternative sources and new peculiar structures of this complex biomacromolecule utilized in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industry. 26050899 4 38 located present 681:687 arg1 extracts 699:706 all CS extracts 692:706 all CS extracts 692:706 The disulfated species ΔDi2,6dis was present in all CS extracts in a range of 1.3-10.5%. 26050899 4 38 located present 681:687 arg1 range 713:717 a range 711:717 a range of 1.3-10.5% 711:730 The disulfated species ΔDi2,6dis was present in all CS extracts in a range of 1.3-10.5%. 26050899 4 38 located present 681:687 arg2 present 681:687 present 681:687 present 681:687 The disulfated species ΔDi2,6dis was present in all CS extracts in a range of 1.3-10.5%. 26050899 4 38 located present 681:687 arg2 ΔDi2,6dis 667:675 The disulfated species ΔDi2,6dis 644:675 The disulfated species ΔDi2,6dis 644:675 The disulfated species ΔDi2,6dis was present in all CS extracts in a range of 1.3-10.5%. 26050899 0 39 from fishes 75:80 arg1 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation and structural characterization of chondroitin sulfate from bony fishes. 26050899 0 39 from fishes 75:80 arg1 characterization 25:40 structural characterization 14:40 structural characterization 14:40 Isolation and structural characterization of chondroitin sulfate from bony fishes. 26050899 1 40 theme peculiar 268:275 arg1 structures 277:286 new peculiar structures 264:286 new peculiar structures 264:286 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was purified from the bones of common fishes, monkfish, cod, spiny dogfish, salmon and tuna, and characterized in an effort to find alternative sources and new peculiar structures of this complex biomacromolecule utilized in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industry. 26050899 4 41 theme CS 696:697 arg1 extracts 699:706 all CS extracts 692:706 all CS extracts 692:706 The disulfated species ΔDi2,6dis was present in all CS extracts in a range of 1.3-10.5%. 26050899 3 42 from presence 513:520 arg1 percentages 631:641 different percentages 621:641 different percentages 621:641 The disaccharide pattern showed the presence of nonsulfated disaccharide, monosulfated species ΔDi6s and ΔDi4s, and disulfated disaccharides in different percentages. 26050899 3 43 theme disaccharide 481:492 arg1 pattern 494:500 The disaccharide pattern 477:500 The disaccharide pattern 477:500 The disaccharide pattern showed the presence of nonsulfated disaccharide, monosulfated species ΔDi6s and ΔDi4s, and disulfated disaccharides in different percentages. 26050899 3 44 theme different 621:629 arg1 percentages 631:641 different percentages 621:641 different percentages 621:641 The disaccharide pattern showed the presence of nonsulfated disaccharide, monosulfated species ΔDi6s and ΔDi4s, and disulfated disaccharides in different percentages. 26050899 4 45 theme species 659:665 arg1 ΔDi2,6dis 667:675 The disulfated species ΔDi2,6dis 644:675 The disulfated species ΔDi2,6dis 644:675 The disulfated species ΔDi2,6dis was present in all CS extracts in a range of 1.3-10.5%. 26050899 4 45 theme species 659:665 arg1 present 681:687 present 681:687 present 681:687 The disulfated species ΔDi2,6dis was present in all CS extracts in a range of 1.3-10.5%. 26050899 4 46 from present 681:687 arg1 extracts 699:706 all CS extracts 692:706 all CS extracts 692:706 The disulfated species ΔDi2,6dis was present in all CS extracts in a range of 1.3-10.5%. 26050899 4 46 from present 681:687 arg1 range 713:717 a range 711:717 a range of 1.3-10.5% 711:730 The disulfated species ΔDi2,6dis was present in all CS extracts in a range of 1.3-10.5%. 26050899 6 47 theme identified 842:851 arg1 sources 853:859 The newly identified sources 832:859 The newly identified sources 832:859 The newly identified sources would certainly enable the production of CS with unique disaccharide composition and properties. 26050899 0 48 theme bony 70:73 arg1 fishes 75:80 bony fishes 70:80 bony fishes 70:80 Isolation and structural characterization of chondroitin sulfate from bony fishes. 26050899 4 49 attach present 681:687 arg1 extracts 699:706 all CS extracts 692:706 all CS extracts 692:706 The disulfated species ΔDi2,6dis was present in all CS extracts in a range of 1.3-10.5%. 26050899 4 49 attach present 681:687 arg1 range 713:717 a range 711:717 a range of 1.3-10.5% 711:730 The disulfated species ΔDi2,6dis was present in all CS extracts in a range of 1.3-10.5%. 26050899 4 49 attach present 681:687 arg2 present 681:687 present 681:687 present 681:687 The disulfated species ΔDi2,6dis was present in all CS extracts in a range of 1.3-10.5%. 26050899 4 49 attach present 681:687 arg2 ΔDi2,6dis 667:675 The disulfated species ΔDi2,6dis 644:675 The disulfated species ΔDi2,6dis 644:675 The disulfated species ΔDi2,6dis was present in all CS extracts in a range of 1.3-10.5%. 26050899 4 50 theme disulfated 648:657 arg1 ΔDi2,6dis 667:675 The disulfated species ΔDi2,6dis 644:675 The disulfated species ΔDi2,6dis 644:675 The disulfated species ΔDi2,6dis was present in all CS extracts in a range of 1.3-10.5%. 26050899 4 50 theme disulfated 648:657 arg1 present 681:687 present 681:687 present 681:687 The disulfated species ΔDi2,6dis was present in all CS extracts in a range of 1.3-10.5%. 28482588 5 0 theme iPSCs 955:959 arg1 differentiation 936:950 the differentiation 932:950 the differentiation of iPSCs toward neurons 932:974 In addition, GRGDSP/Ln5-P4 in the microgel constructs triggered the differentiation of iPSCs toward neurons, since the percentage of neurite-like cells could be higher than 98% after induction of nerve growth factor. 28482588 0 1 theme acid-alginate 94:106 arg1 microgel 108:115 self-assembled collagen-hyaluronic acid-alginate microgel 59:115 self-assembled collagen-hyaluronic acid-alginate microgel 59:115 Neuronal production from induced pluripotent stem cells in self-assembled collagen-hyaluronic acid-alginate microgel scaffolds with grafted GRGDSP/Ln5-P4. 28482588 0 2 from production 9:18 arg1 microgel 108:115 self-assembled collagen-hyaluronic acid-alginate microgel 59:115 self-assembled collagen-hyaluronic acid-alginate microgel 59:115 Neuronal production from induced pluripotent stem cells in self-assembled collagen-hyaluronic acid-alginate microgel scaffolds with grafted GRGDSP/Ln5-P4. 28482588 4 3 theme cell-laden 709:718 arg1 constructs 720:729 cell-laden constructs 709:729 cell-laden constructs 709:729 In fabricating cell-laden constructs, modified GRGDSP/Ln5-P4 in linear self-assembled scaffolds could significantly improve the entrapment efficiency and viability of iPSCs. 28482588 6 4 theme nervous 1262:1268 arg1 tissue 1270:1275 damaged nervous tissue 1254:1275 damaged nervous tissue 1254:1275 Self-assembled microgel comprising COLMA, HAMA, ALGMA, and GRGDSP/Ln5-P4 may be promising in producing mature neural lineage from iPSCs, to provide better treatment for damaged nervous tissue. 28482588 2 5 theme hyaluronic 317:326 arg1 HA 334:335 HA 334:335 HA 334:335 Collagen (COL), hyaluronic acid (HA), and alginate (ALG) were modified with methacrylic anhydride (MA), photocrosslinked for patterned particles, grafted with GRGDSP and Ln5-P4, and self-assembled to integrate the microgel into three-dimensional scaffolds. 28482588 2 5 theme hyaluronic 317:326 arg1 acid 328:331 hyaluronic acid 317:331 hyaluronic acid (HA) 317:336 Collagen (COL), hyaluronic acid (HA), and alginate (ALG) were modified with methacrylic anhydride (MA), photocrosslinked for patterned particles, grafted with GRGDSP and Ln5-P4, and self-assembled to integrate the microgel into three-dimensional scaffolds. 28482588 2 6 mod modified 363:370 arg1 HA 334:335 HA 334:335 HA 334:335 Collagen (COL), hyaluronic acid (HA), and alginate (ALG) were modified with methacrylic anhydride (MA), photocrosslinked for patterned particles, grafted with GRGDSP and Ln5-P4, and self-assembled to integrate the microgel into three-dimensional scaffolds. 28482588 2 6 mod modified 363:370 arg1 ALG 353:355 ALG 353:355 ALG 353:355 Collagen (COL), hyaluronic acid (HA), and alginate (ALG) were modified with methacrylic anhydride (MA), photocrosslinked for patterned particles, grafted with GRGDSP and Ln5-P4, and self-assembled to integrate the microgel into three-dimensional scaffolds. 28482588 2 6 mod modified 363:370 arg1 COL 311:313 COL 311:313 COL 311:313 Collagen (COL), hyaluronic acid (HA), and alginate (ALG) were modified with methacrylic anhydride (MA), photocrosslinked for patterned particles, grafted with GRGDSP and Ln5-P4, and self-assembled to integrate the microgel into three-dimensional scaffolds. 28482588 2 6 mod modified 363:370 arg3 MA 400:401 MA 400:401 MA 400:401 Collagen (COL), hyaluronic acid (HA), and alginate (ALG) were modified with methacrylic anhydride (MA), photocrosslinked for patterned particles, grafted with GRGDSP and Ln5-P4, and self-assembled to integrate the microgel into three-dimensional scaffolds. 28482588 2 6 mod modified 363:370 arg3 anhydride 389:397 methacrylic anhydride 377:397 methacrylic anhydride (MA) 377:402 Collagen (COL), hyaluronic acid (HA), and alginate (ALG) were modified with methacrylic anhydride (MA), photocrosslinked for patterned particles, grafted with GRGDSP and Ln5-P4, and self-assembled to integrate the microgel into three-dimensional scaffolds. 28482588 2 6 mod modified 363:370 arg1 alginate 343:350 alginate 343:350 alginate (ALG) 343:356 Collagen (COL), hyaluronic acid (HA), and alginate (ALG) were modified with methacrylic anhydride (MA), photocrosslinked for patterned particles, grafted with GRGDSP and Ln5-P4, and self-assembled to integrate the microgel into three-dimensional scaffolds. 28482588 2 6 mod modified 363:370 arg1 Collagen 301:308 Collagen 301:308 Collagen (COL) 301:314 Collagen (COL), hyaluronic acid (HA), and alginate (ALG) were modified with methacrylic anhydride (MA), photocrosslinked for patterned particles, grafted with GRGDSP and Ln5-P4, and self-assembled to integrate the microgel into three-dimensional scaffolds. 28482588 2 6 mod modified 363:370 arg1 acid 328:331 hyaluronic acid 317:331 hyaluronic acid (HA) 317:336 Collagen (COL), hyaluronic acid (HA), and alginate (ALG) were modified with methacrylic anhydride (MA), photocrosslinked for patterned particles, grafted with GRGDSP and Ln5-P4, and self-assembled to integrate the microgel into three-dimensional scaffolds. 28482588 6 7 from iPSCs 1215:1219 arg1 lineage 1202:1208 mature neural lineage 1188:1208 mature neural lineage from iPSCs 1188:1219 Self-assembled microgel comprising COLMA, HAMA, ALGMA, and GRGDSP/Ln5-P4 may be promising in producing mature neural lineage from iPSCs, to provide better treatment for damaged nervous tissue. 28482588 0 8 from cells 50:54 arg1 production 9:18 Neuronal production 0:18 Neuronal production from induced pluripotent stem cells in self-assembled collagen-hyaluronic acid-alginate microgel 0:115 Neuronal production from induced pluripotent stem cells in self-assembled collagen-hyaluronic acid-alginate microgel scaffolds with grafted GRGDSP/Ln5-P4. 28482588 4 9 theme entrapment 822:831 arg1 efficiency 833:842 entrapment efficiency 822:842 entrapment efficiency 822:842 In fabricating cell-laden constructs, modified GRGDSP/Ln5-P4 in linear self-assembled scaffolds could significantly improve the entrapment efficiency and viability of iPSCs. 28482588 5 10 theme microgel 902:909 arg1 constructs 911:920 the microgel constructs 898:920 the microgel constructs 898:920 In addition, GRGDSP/Ln5-P4 in the microgel constructs triggered the differentiation of iPSCs toward neurons, since the percentage of neurite-like cells could be higher than 98% after induction of nerve growth factor. 28482588 0 11 theme grafted 132:138 arg1 GRGDSP/Ln5-P4 140:152 grafted GRGDSP/Ln5-P4 132:152 grafted GRGDSP/Ln5-P4 132:152 Neuronal production from induced pluripotent stem cells in self-assembled collagen-hyaluronic acid-alginate microgel scaffolds with grafted GRGDSP/Ln5-P4. 28482588 6 12 theme mature 1188:1193 arg1 lineage 1202:1208 mature neural lineage 1188:1208 mature neural lineage from iPSCs 1188:1219 Self-assembled microgel comprising COLMA, HAMA, ALGMA, and GRGDSP/Ln5-P4 may be promising in producing mature neural lineage from iPSCs, to provide better treatment for damaged nervous tissue. 28482588 5 13 theme nerve 1064:1068 arg1 factor 1077:1082 nerve growth factor 1064:1082 nerve growth factor 1064:1082 In addition, GRGDSP/Ln5-P4 in the microgel constructs triggered the differentiation of iPSCs toward neurons, since the percentage of neurite-like cells could be higher than 98% after induction of nerve growth factor. 28482588 4 14 theme self-assembled 765:778 arg1 scaffolds 780:788 linear self-assembled scaffolds 758:788 linear self-assembled scaffolds 758:788 In fabricating cell-laden constructs, modified GRGDSP/Ln5-P4 in linear self-assembled scaffolds could significantly improve the entrapment efficiency and viability of iPSCs. 28482588 2 15 theme methacrylic 377:387 arg1 anhydride 389:397 methacrylic anhydride 377:397 methacrylic anhydride (MA) 377:402 Collagen (COL), hyaluronic acid (HA), and alginate (ALG) were modified with methacrylic anhydride (MA), photocrosslinked for patterned particles, grafted with GRGDSP and Ln5-P4, and self-assembled to integrate the microgel into three-dimensional scaffolds. 28482588 2 15 theme methacrylic 377:387 arg1 MA 400:401 MA 400:401 MA 400:401 Collagen (COL), hyaluronic acid (HA), and alginate (ALG) were modified with methacrylic anhydride (MA), photocrosslinked for patterned particles, grafted with GRGDSP and Ln5-P4, and self-assembled to integrate the microgel into three-dimensional scaffolds. 28482588 0 16 theme Neuronal 0:7 arg1 production 9:18 Neuronal production 0:18 Neuronal production from induced pluripotent stem cells in self-assembled collagen-hyaluronic acid-alginate microgel 0:115 Neuronal production from induced pluripotent stem cells in self-assembled collagen-hyaluronic acid-alginate microgel scaffolds with grafted GRGDSP/Ln5-P4. 28482588 4 17 theme linear 758:763 arg1 scaffolds 780:788 linear self-assembled scaffolds 758:788 linear self-assembled scaffolds 758:788 In fabricating cell-laden constructs, modified GRGDSP/Ln5-P4 in linear self-assembled scaffolds could significantly improve the entrapment efficiency and viability of iPSCs. 28482588 4 18 dep efficiency 833:842 arg1 the 818:820 the 818:820 the 818:820 In fabricating cell-laden constructs, modified GRGDSP/Ln5-P4 in linear self-assembled scaffolds could significantly improve the entrapment efficiency and viability of iPSCs. 28482588 0 19 theme induced 25:31 arg1 cells 50:54 induced pluripotent stem cells 25:54 induced pluripotent stem cells 25:54 Neuronal production from induced pluripotent stem cells in self-assembled collagen-hyaluronic acid-alginate microgel scaffolds with grafted GRGDSP/Ln5-P4. 28482588 5 20 theme factor 1077:1082 arg1 induction 1051:1059 induction 1051:1059 induction of nerve growth factor 1051:1082 In addition, GRGDSP/Ln5-P4 in the microgel constructs triggered the differentiation of iPSCs toward neurons, since the percentage of neurite-like cells could be higher than 98% after induction of nerve growth factor. 28482588 3 21 theme Physicochemical 558:572 arg1 assessments 574:584 Physicochemical assessments 558:584 Physicochemical assessments 558:584 Physicochemical assessments revealed that the ternary microgel scaffolds had an optimal chemical composition at COLMA:HAMA:ALGMA=1:2:1. 28482588 6 22 theme neural 1195:1200 arg1 lineage 1202:1208 mature neural lineage 1188:1208 mature neural lineage from iPSCs 1188:1219 Self-assembled microgel comprising COLMA, HAMA, ALGMA, and GRGDSP/Ln5-P4 may be promising in producing mature neural lineage from iPSCs, to provide better treatment for damaged nervous tissue. 28482588 5 23 theme cells 1014:1018 arg1 percentage 987:996 the percentage 983:996 the percentage of neurite-like cells 983:1018 In addition, GRGDSP/Ln5-P4 in the microgel constructs triggered the differentiation of iPSCs toward neurons, since the percentage of neurite-like cells could be higher than 98% after induction of nerve growth factor. 28482588 5 23 theme cells 1014:1018 arg1 % 1043:1043 higher than 98% 1029:1043 higher than 98% 1029:1043 In addition, GRGDSP/Ln5-P4 in the microgel constructs triggered the differentiation of iPSCs toward neurons, since the percentage of neurite-like cells could be higher than 98% after induction of nerve growth factor. 28482588 0 24 theme stem 45:48 arg1 cells 50:54 induced pluripotent stem cells 25:54 induced pluripotent stem cells 25:54 Neuronal production from induced pluripotent stem cells in self-assembled collagen-hyaluronic acid-alginate microgel scaffolds with grafted GRGDSP/Ln5-P4. 28482588 2 25 theme three-dimensional 529:545 arg1 scaffolds 547:555 three-dimensional scaffolds 529:555 three-dimensional scaffolds 529:555 Collagen (COL), hyaluronic acid (HA), and alginate (ALG) were modified with methacrylic anhydride (MA), photocrosslinked for patterned particles, grafted with GRGDSP and Ln5-P4, and self-assembled to integrate the microgel into three-dimensional scaffolds. 28482588 6 26 theme Self-assembled 1085:1098 arg1 microgel 1100:1107 Self-assembled microgel 1085:1107 Self-assembled microgel comprising COLMA, HAMA, ALGMA, and GRGDSP/Ln5-P4 1085:1156 Self-assembled microgel comprising COLMA, HAMA, ALGMA, and GRGDSP/Ln5-P4 may be promising in producing mature neural lineage from iPSCs, to provide better treatment for damaged nervous tissue. 28482588 3 27 theme microgel 612:619 arg1 scaffolds 621:629 the ternary microgel scaffolds 600:629 the ternary microgel scaffolds 600:629 Physicochemical assessments revealed that the ternary microgel scaffolds had an optimal chemical composition at COLMA:HAMA:ALGMA=1:2:1. 28482588 1 28 theme induced 261:267 arg1 iPSCs 293:297 iPSCs 293:297 iPSCs 293:297 Self-assembled microgel functionalized with peptides was developed and applied to regenerate neurons from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). 28482588 1 28 theme induced 261:267 arg1 cells 286:290 induced pluripotent stem cells 261:290 induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) 261:298 Self-assembled microgel functionalized with peptides was developed and applied to regenerate neurons from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). 28482588 0 29 theme pluripotent 33:43 arg1 cells 50:54 induced pluripotent stem cells 25:54 induced pluripotent stem cells 25:54 Neuronal production from induced pluripotent stem cells in self-assembled collagen-hyaluronic acid-alginate microgel scaffolds with grafted GRGDSP/Ln5-P4. 28482588 2 30 theme patterned 426:434 arg1 particles 436:444 patterned particles 426:444 patterned particles 426:444 Collagen (COL), hyaluronic acid (HA), and alginate (ALG) were modified with methacrylic anhydride (MA), photocrosslinked for patterned particles, grafted with GRGDSP and Ln5-P4, and self-assembled to integrate the microgel into three-dimensional scaffolds. 28482588 1 31 theme pluripotent 269:279 arg1 iPSCs 293:297 iPSCs 293:297 iPSCs 293:297 Self-assembled microgel functionalized with peptides was developed and applied to regenerate neurons from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). 28482588 1 31 theme pluripotent 269:279 arg1 cells 286:290 induced pluripotent stem cells 261:290 induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) 261:298 Self-assembled microgel functionalized with peptides was developed and applied to regenerate neurons from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). 28482588 5 32 theme growth 1070:1075 arg1 factor 1077:1082 nerve growth factor 1064:1082 nerve growth factor 1064:1082 In addition, GRGDSP/Ln5-P4 in the microgel constructs triggered the differentiation of iPSCs toward neurons, since the percentage of neurite-like cells could be higher than 98% after induction of nerve growth factor. 28482588 4 33 theme modified 732:739 arg1 GRGDSP/Ln5-P4 741:753 modified GRGDSP/Ln5-P4 732:753 modified GRGDSP/Ln5-P4 in linear self-assembled scaffolds 732:788 In fabricating cell-laden constructs, modified GRGDSP/Ln5-P4 in linear self-assembled scaffolds could significantly improve the entrapment efficiency and viability of iPSCs. 28482588 5 34 theme neurite-like 1001:1012 arg1 cells 1014:1018 neurite-like cells 1001:1018 neurite-like cells 1001:1018 In addition, GRGDSP/Ln5-P4 in the microgel constructs triggered the differentiation of iPSCs toward neurons, since the percentage of neurite-like cells could be higher than 98% after induction of nerve growth factor. 28482588 3 35 theme ternary 604:610 arg1 scaffolds 621:629 the ternary microgel scaffolds 600:629 the ternary microgel scaffolds 600:629 Physicochemical assessments revealed that the ternary microgel scaffolds had an optimal chemical composition at COLMA:HAMA:ALGMA=1:2:1. 28482588 1 36 theme Self-assembled 155:168 arg1 microgel 170:177 Self-assembled microgel 155:177 Self-assembled microgel functionalized with peptides 155:206 Self-assembled microgel functionalized with peptides was developed and applied to regenerate neurons from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). 28482588 6 37 theme damaged 1254:1260 arg1 tissue 1270:1275 damaged nervous tissue 1254:1275 damaged nervous tissue 1254:1275 Self-assembled microgel comprising COLMA, HAMA, ALGMA, and GRGDSP/Ln5-P4 may be promising in producing mature neural lineage from iPSCs, to provide better treatment for damaged nervous tissue. 28482588 3 38 theme optimal 638:644 arg1 composition 655:665 an optimal chemical composition 635:665 an optimal chemical composition 635:665 Physicochemical assessments revealed that the ternary microgel scaffolds had an optimal chemical composition at COLMA:HAMA:ALGMA=1:2:1. 28482588 4 39 theme iPSCs 861:865 arg1 viability 848:856 viability 848:856 viability 848:856 In fabricating cell-laden constructs, modified GRGDSP/Ln5-P4 in linear self-assembled scaffolds could significantly improve the entrapment efficiency and viability of iPSCs. 28482588 4 39 theme iPSCs 861:865 arg1 efficiency 833:842 entrapment efficiency 822:842 entrapment efficiency 822:842 In fabricating cell-laden constructs, modified GRGDSP/Ln5-P4 in linear self-assembled scaffolds could significantly improve the entrapment efficiency and viability of iPSCs. 28482588 4 40 from GRGDSP/Ln5-P4 741:753 arg1 scaffolds 780:788 linear self-assembled scaffolds 758:788 linear self-assembled scaffolds 758:788 In fabricating cell-laden constructs, modified GRGDSP/Ln5-P4 in linear self-assembled scaffolds could significantly improve the entrapment efficiency and viability of iPSCs. 28482588 1 41 theme stem 281:284 arg1 iPSCs 293:297 iPSCs 293:297 iPSCs 293:297 Self-assembled microgel functionalized with peptides was developed and applied to regenerate neurons from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). 28482588 1 41 theme stem 281:284 arg1 cells 286:290 induced pluripotent stem cells 261:290 induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) 261:298 Self-assembled microgel functionalized with peptides was developed and applied to regenerate neurons from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). 28482588 5 42 from GRGDSP/Ln5-P4 881:893 arg1 constructs 911:920 the microgel constructs 898:920 the microgel constructs 898:920 In addition, GRGDSP/Ln5-P4 in the microgel constructs triggered the differentiation of iPSCs toward neurons, since the percentage of neurite-like cells could be higher than 98% after induction of nerve growth factor. 28482588 3 43 theme chemical 646:653 arg1 composition 655:665 an optimal chemical composition 635:665 an optimal chemical composition 635:665 Physicochemical assessments revealed that the ternary microgel scaffolds had an optimal chemical composition at COLMA:HAMA:ALGMA=1:2:1. 28482588 3 44 contain had 631:633 arg2 composition 655:665 an optimal chemical composition 635:665 an optimal chemical composition 635:665 Physicochemical assessments revealed that the ternary microgel scaffolds had an optimal chemical composition at COLMA:HAMA:ALGMA=1:2:1. 28482588 3 44 contain had 631:633 arg1 scaffolds 621:629 the ternary microgel scaffolds 600:629 the ternary microgel scaffolds 600:629 Physicochemical assessments revealed that the ternary microgel scaffolds had an optimal chemical composition at COLMA:HAMA:ALGMA=1:2:1. 28482588 0 45 theme collagen-hyaluronic 74:92 arg1 microgel 108:115 self-assembled collagen-hyaluronic acid-alginate microgel 59:115 self-assembled collagen-hyaluronic acid-alginate microgel 59:115 Neuronal production from induced pluripotent stem cells in self-assembled collagen-hyaluronic acid-alginate microgel scaffolds with grafted GRGDSP/Ln5-P4. 28482588 6 46 theme better 1233:1238 arg1 treatment 1240:1248 better treatment 1233:1248 better treatment for damaged nervous tissue 1233:1275 Self-assembled microgel comprising COLMA, HAMA, ALGMA, and GRGDSP/Ln5-P4 may be promising in producing mature neural lineage from iPSCs, to provide better treatment for damaged nervous tissue. 28482588 3 47 dep COLMA 670:674 arg1 ALGMA=1:2:1 681:691 ALGMA=1:2:1 681:691 COLMA:HAMA:ALGMA=1:2:1 670:691 Physicochemical assessments revealed that the ternary microgel scaffolds had an optimal chemical composition at COLMA:HAMA:ALGMA=1:2:1. 28482588 3 47 dep COLMA 670:674 arg1 HAMA 676:679 HAMA 676:679 COLMA:HAMA:ALGMA=1:2:1 670:691 Physicochemical assessments revealed that the ternary microgel scaffolds had an optimal chemical composition at COLMA:HAMA:ALGMA=1:2:1. 28482588 0 48 theme self-assembled 59:72 arg1 microgel 108:115 self-assembled collagen-hyaluronic acid-alginate microgel 59:115 self-assembled collagen-hyaluronic acid-alginate microgel 59:115 Neuronal production from induced pluripotent stem cells in self-assembled collagen-hyaluronic acid-alginate microgel scaffolds with grafted GRGDSP/Ln5-P4. 25172161 2 0 dep g 594:594 arg1 2 591:591 2 591:591 2 591:591 In this study, reinforced 1,4-cis polybutadiene-CMS-silica aerogel nanocomposites were prepared from a silica aerogel with a surface area 710 m(2) g(-1), a pore size of 25.3 nm and a pore volume of 4.7 cm(3) g(-1). 25172161 2 1 theme pore 630:633 arg1 volume 635:640 a pore volume 628:640 a pore volume of 4.7 cm 628:650 In this study, reinforced 1,4-cis polybutadiene-CMS-silica aerogel nanocomposites were prepared from a silica aerogel with a surface area 710 m(2) g(-1), a pore size of 25.3 nm and a pore volume of 4.7 cm(3) g(-1). 25172161 3 2 theme low 795:797 arg1 loading 806:812 low silica loading 795:812 low silica loading 795:812 The tensile properties and dynamic mechanical properties of 1,4-cis polybutadiene/CMS nanocomposites were systematically enhanced at low silica loading. 25172161 2 3 theme surface 572:578 arg1 area 580:583 a surface area 710 m(2) g(-1), a pore size of 25.3 nm and a pore volume of 4.7 cm(3) g(-1) 570:659 area 580:583 In this study, reinforced 1,4-cis polybutadiene-CMS-silica aerogel nanocomposites were prepared from a silica aerogel with a surface area 710 m(2) g(-1), a pore size of 25.3 nm and a pore volume of 4.7 cm(3) g(-1). 25172161 1 4 theme low 370:372 arg1 density 374:380 the low density 366:380 the low density 366:380 An 1,4-cis polybutadiene rubber/carboxymethyl starch (CMS)-based silica aerogel nanocomposites as a insulation material was developed that will provide superior thermal insulation properties, flexibility, toughness, durability of the parent polymer, yet with the low density and superior insulation properties associated with the aerogels. 25172161 2 5 dep area 580:583 arg1 g 655:655 (3) g(-1) 651:659 (3) g(-1) 651:659 In this study, reinforced 1,4-cis polybutadiene-CMS-silica aerogel nanocomposites were prepared from a silica aerogel with a surface area 710 m(2) g(-1), a pore size of 25.3 nm and a pore volume of 4.7 cm(3) g(-1). 25172161 2 5 dep area 580:583 arg1 g 594:594 710 m(2) g(-1) 585:598 710 m(2) g(-1) 585:598 In this study, reinforced 1,4-cis polybutadiene-CMS-silica aerogel nanocomposites were prepared from a silica aerogel with a surface area 710 m(2) g(-1), a pore size of 25.3 nm and a pore volume of 4.7 cm(3) g(-1). 25172161 4 6 theme tensile 839:845 arg1 modulus 847:853 tensile modulus 839:853 tensile modulus 839:853 Similar improvements in tensile modulus and strength have been observed for 1,4-cis polybutadiene/CMS mesoporous silica aerogel nanocomposites. 25172161 2 7 dep g 655:655 arg1 3 652:652 3 652:652 3 652:652 In this study, reinforced 1,4-cis polybutadiene-CMS-silica aerogel nanocomposites were prepared from a silica aerogel with a surface area 710 m(2) g(-1), a pore size of 25.3 nm and a pore volume of 4.7 cm(3) g(-1). 25172161 2 8 theme nm 621:622 arg1 size 608:611 a pore size 601:611 a pore size of 25.3 nm 601:622 In this study, reinforced 1,4-cis polybutadiene-CMS-silica aerogel nanocomposites were prepared from a silica aerogel with a surface area 710 m(2) g(-1), a pore size of 25.3 nm and a pore volume of 4.7 cm(3) g(-1). 25172161 2 8 theme nm 621:622 arg1 area 580:583 a surface area 710 m(2) g(-1), a pore size of 25.3 nm and a pore volume of 4.7 cm(3) g(-1) 570:659 area 580:583 In this study, reinforced 1,4-cis polybutadiene-CMS-silica aerogel nanocomposites were prepared from a silica aerogel with a surface area 710 m(2) g(-1), a pore size of 25.3 nm and a pore volume of 4.7 cm(3) g(-1). 25172161 2 8 theme nm 621:622 arg1 volume 635:640 a pore volume 628:640 a pore volume of 4.7 cm 628:650 In this study, reinforced 1,4-cis polybutadiene-CMS-silica aerogel nanocomposites were prepared from a silica aerogel with a surface area 710 m(2) g(-1), a pore size of 25.3 nm and a pore volume of 4.7 cm(3) g(-1). 25172161 2 9 theme polybutadiene-CMS-silica 481:504 arg1 nanocomposites 514:527 reinforced 1,4-cis polybutadiene-CMS-silica aerogel nanocomposites 462:527 reinforced 1,4-cis polybutadiene-CMS-silica aerogel nanocomposites 462:527 In this study, reinforced 1,4-cis polybutadiene-CMS-silica aerogel nanocomposites were prepared from a silica aerogel with a surface area 710 m(2) g(-1), a pore size of 25.3 nm and a pore volume of 4.7 cm(3) g(-1). 25172161 1 10 theme superior 386:393 arg1 properties 406:415 superior insulation properties 386:415 superior insulation properties 386:415 An 1,4-cis polybutadiene rubber/carboxymethyl starch (CMS)-based silica aerogel nanocomposites as a insulation material was developed that will provide superior thermal insulation properties, flexibility, toughness, durability of the parent polymer, yet with the low density and superior insulation properties associated with the aerogels. 25172161 1 11 with durability 323:332 arg1 density 374:380 the low density 366:380 the low density 366:380 An 1,4-cis polybutadiene rubber/carboxymethyl starch (CMS)-based silica aerogel nanocomposites as a insulation material was developed that will provide superior thermal insulation properties, flexibility, toughness, durability of the parent polymer, yet with the low density and superior insulation properties associated with the aerogels. 25172161 3 12 theme dynamic 689:695 arg1 properties 708:717 dynamic mechanical properties 689:717 dynamic mechanical properties 689:717 The tensile properties and dynamic mechanical properties of 1,4-cis polybutadiene/CMS nanocomposites were systematically enhanced at low silica loading. 25172161 2 13 theme 1,4-cis 473:479 arg1 nanocomposites 514:527 reinforced 1,4-cis polybutadiene-CMS-silica aerogel nanocomposites 462:527 reinforced 1,4-cis polybutadiene-CMS-silica aerogel nanocomposites 462:527 In this study, reinforced 1,4-cis polybutadiene-CMS-silica aerogel nanocomposites were prepared from a silica aerogel with a surface area 710 m(2) g(-1), a pore size of 25.3 nm and a pore volume of 4.7 cm(3) g(-1). 25172161 1 14 theme insulation 395:404 arg1 properties 406:415 superior insulation properties 386:415 superior insulation properties 386:415 An 1,4-cis polybutadiene rubber/carboxymethyl starch (CMS)-based silica aerogel nanocomposites as a insulation material was developed that will provide superior thermal insulation properties, flexibility, toughness, durability of the parent polymer, yet with the low density and superior insulation properties associated with the aerogels. 25172161 4 15 theme Similar 815:821 arg1 improvements 823:834 Similar improvements 815:834 Similar improvements in tensile modulus and strength 815:866 Similar improvements in tensile modulus and strength have been observed for 1,4-cis polybutadiene/CMS mesoporous silica aerogel nanocomposites. 25172161 0 16 theme architecture 80:91 arg1 applications 93:104 architecture applications 80:104 architecture applications 80:104 Improvements of reinforced silica aerogel nanocomposites thermal properties for architecture applications. 25172161 4 17 theme silica 928:933 arg1 nanocomposites 943:956 1,4-cis polybutadiene/CMS mesoporous silica aerogel nanocomposites 891:956 1,4-cis polybutadiene/CMS mesoporous silica aerogel nanocomposites 891:956 Similar improvements in tensile modulus and strength have been observed for 1,4-cis polybutadiene/CMS mesoporous silica aerogel nanocomposites. 25172161 1 18 theme insulation 207:216 arg1 material 218:225 a insulation material 205:225 a insulation material 205:225 An 1,4-cis polybutadiene rubber/carboxymethyl starch (CMS)-based silica aerogel nanocomposites as a insulation material was developed that will provide superior thermal insulation properties, flexibility, toughness, durability of the parent polymer, yet with the low density and superior insulation properties associated with the aerogels. 25172161 2 19 theme reinforced 462:471 arg1 nanocomposites 514:527 reinforced 1,4-cis polybutadiene-CMS-silica aerogel nanocomposites 462:527 reinforced 1,4-cis polybutadiene-CMS-silica aerogel nanocomposites 462:527 In this study, reinforced 1,4-cis polybutadiene-CMS-silica aerogel nanocomposites were prepared from a silica aerogel with a surface area 710 m(2) g(-1), a pore size of 25.3 nm and a pore volume of 4.7 cm(3) g(-1). 25172161 2 20 theme pore 603:606 arg1 size 608:611 a pore size 601:611 a pore size of 25.3 nm 601:622 In this study, reinforced 1,4-cis polybutadiene-CMS-silica aerogel nanocomposites were prepared from a silica aerogel with a surface area 710 m(2) g(-1), a pore size of 25.3 nm and a pore volume of 4.7 cm(3) g(-1). 25172161 1 21 with toughness 312:320 arg1 density 374:380 the low density 366:380 the low density 366:380 An 1,4-cis polybutadiene rubber/carboxymethyl starch (CMS)-based silica aerogel nanocomposites as a insulation material was developed that will provide superior thermal insulation properties, flexibility, toughness, durability of the parent polymer, yet with the low density and superior insulation properties associated with the aerogels. 25172161 0 22 theme silica 27:32 arg1 Improvements 0:11 Improvements 0:11 Improvements of reinforced silica 0:32 Improvements of reinforced silica aerogel nanocomposites thermal properties for architecture applications. 25172161 0 23 theme reinforced 16:25 arg1 silica 27:32 reinforced silica 16:32 reinforced silica 16:32 Improvements of reinforced silica aerogel nanocomposites thermal properties for architecture applications. 25172161 2 24 theme m 589:589 arg1 g 594:594 710 m(2) g(-1) 585:598 710 m(2) g(-1) 585:598 In this study, reinforced 1,4-cis polybutadiene-CMS-silica aerogel nanocomposites were prepared from a silica aerogel with a surface area 710 m(2) g(-1), a pore size of 25.3 nm and a pore volume of 4.7 cm(3) g(-1). 25172161 1 25 with properties 406:415 arg1 density 374:380 the low density 366:380 the low density 366:380 An 1,4-cis polybutadiene rubber/carboxymethyl starch (CMS)-based silica aerogel nanocomposites as a insulation material was developed that will provide superior thermal insulation properties, flexibility, toughness, durability of the parent polymer, yet with the low density and superior insulation properties associated with the aerogels. 25172161 0 26 theme nanocomposites 42:55 arg1 properties 65:74 nanocomposites thermal properties 42:74 nanocomposites thermal properties for architecture applications 42:104 Improvements of reinforced silica aerogel nanocomposites thermal properties for architecture applications. 25172161 3 27 theme tensile 666:672 arg1 properties 674:683 The tensile properties 662:683 The tensile properties 662:683 The tensile properties and dynamic mechanical properties of 1,4-cis polybutadiene/CMS nanocomposites were systematically enhanced at low silica loading. 25172161 4 28 theme polybutadiene/CMS 899:915 arg1 nanocomposites 943:956 1,4-cis polybutadiene/CMS mesoporous silica aerogel nanocomposites 891:956 1,4-cis polybutadiene/CMS mesoporous silica aerogel nanocomposites 891:956 Similar improvements in tensile modulus and strength have been observed for 1,4-cis polybutadiene/CMS mesoporous silica aerogel nanocomposites. 25172161 4 29 theme 1,4-cis 891:897 arg1 nanocomposites 943:956 1,4-cis polybutadiene/CMS mesoporous silica aerogel nanocomposites 891:956 1,4-cis polybutadiene/CMS mesoporous silica aerogel nanocomposites 891:956 Similar improvements in tensile modulus and strength have been observed for 1,4-cis polybutadiene/CMS mesoporous silica aerogel nanocomposites. 25172161 3 30 theme 1,4-cis 722:728 arg1 nanocomposites 748:761 1,4-cis polybutadiene/CMS nanocomposites 722:761 1,4-cis polybutadiene/CMS nanocomposites 722:761 The tensile properties and dynamic mechanical properties of 1,4-cis polybutadiene/CMS nanocomposites were systematically enhanced at low silica loading. 25172161 1 31 with flexibility 299:309 arg1 density 374:380 the low density 366:380 the low density 366:380 An 1,4-cis polybutadiene rubber/carboxymethyl starch (CMS)-based silica aerogel nanocomposites as a insulation material was developed that will provide superior thermal insulation properties, flexibility, toughness, durability of the parent polymer, yet with the low density and superior insulation properties associated with the aerogels. 25172161 4 32 theme aerogel 935:941 arg1 nanocomposites 943:956 1,4-cis polybutadiene/CMS mesoporous silica aerogel nanocomposites 891:956 1,4-cis polybutadiene/CMS mesoporous silica aerogel nanocomposites 891:956 Similar improvements in tensile modulus and strength have been observed for 1,4-cis polybutadiene/CMS mesoporous silica aerogel nanocomposites. 25172161 2 33 theme aerogel 506:512 arg1 nanocomposites 514:527 reinforced 1,4-cis polybutadiene-CMS-silica aerogel nanocomposites 462:527 reinforced 1,4-cis polybutadiene-CMS-silica aerogel nanocomposites 462:527 In this study, reinforced 1,4-cis polybutadiene-CMS-silica aerogel nanocomposites were prepared from a silica aerogel with a surface area 710 m(2) g(-1), a pore size of 25.3 nm and a pore volume of 4.7 cm(3) g(-1). 25172161 1 34 theme parent 341:346 arg1 polymer 348:354 the parent polymer 337:354 the parent polymer 337:354 An 1,4-cis polybutadiene rubber/carboxymethyl starch (CMS)-based silica aerogel nanocomposites as a insulation material was developed that will provide superior thermal insulation properties, flexibility, toughness, durability of the parent polymer, yet with the low density and superior insulation properties associated with the aerogels. 25172161 2 35 with aerogel 557:563 arg1 size 608:611 a pore size 601:611 a pore size of 25.3 nm 601:622 In this study, reinforced 1,4-cis polybutadiene-CMS-silica aerogel nanocomposites were prepared from a silica aerogel with a surface area 710 m(2) g(-1), a pore size of 25.3 nm and a pore volume of 4.7 cm(3) g(-1). 25172161 2 35 with aerogel 557:563 arg1 area 580:583 a surface area 710 m(2) g(-1), a pore size of 25.3 nm and a pore volume of 4.7 cm(3) g(-1) 570:659 area 580:583 In this study, reinforced 1,4-cis polybutadiene-CMS-silica aerogel nanocomposites were prepared from a silica aerogel with a surface area 710 m(2) g(-1), a pore size of 25.3 nm and a pore volume of 4.7 cm(3) g(-1). 25172161 2 35 with aerogel 557:563 arg1 volume 635:640 a pore volume 628:640 a pore volume of 4.7 cm 628:650 In this study, reinforced 1,4-cis polybutadiene-CMS-silica aerogel nanocomposites were prepared from a silica aerogel with a surface area 710 m(2) g(-1), a pore size of 25.3 nm and a pore volume of 4.7 cm(3) g(-1). 25172161 0 36 theme thermal 57:63 arg1 properties 65:74 nanocomposites thermal properties 42:74 nanocomposites thermal properties for architecture applications 42:104 Improvements of reinforced silica aerogel nanocomposites thermal properties for architecture applications. 25172161 1 37 theme polymer 348:354 arg1 durability 323:332 durability 323:332 durability of the parent polymer, yet with the low density 323:380 An 1,4-cis polybutadiene rubber/carboxymethyl starch (CMS)-based silica aerogel nanocomposites as a insulation material was developed that will provide superior thermal insulation properties, flexibility, toughness, durability of the parent polymer, yet with the low density and superior insulation properties associated with the aerogels. 25172161 1 37 theme polymer 348:354 arg1 properties 406:415 superior insulation properties 386:415 superior insulation properties 386:415 An 1,4-cis polybutadiene rubber/carboxymethyl starch (CMS)-based silica aerogel nanocomposites as a insulation material was developed that will provide superior thermal insulation properties, flexibility, toughness, durability of the parent polymer, yet with the low density and superior insulation properties associated with the aerogels. 25172161 1 37 theme polymer 348:354 arg1 flexibility 299:309 flexibility 299:309 flexibility 299:309 An 1,4-cis polybutadiene rubber/carboxymethyl starch (CMS)-based silica aerogel nanocomposites as a insulation material was developed that will provide superior thermal insulation properties, flexibility, toughness, durability of the parent polymer, yet with the low density and superior insulation properties associated with the aerogels. 25172161 1 37 theme polymer 348:354 arg1 toughness 312:320 toughness 312:320 toughness 312:320 An 1,4-cis polybutadiene rubber/carboxymethyl starch (CMS)-based silica aerogel nanocomposites as a insulation material was developed that will provide superior thermal insulation properties, flexibility, toughness, durability of the parent polymer, yet with the low density and superior insulation properties associated with the aerogels. 25172161 1 37 theme polymer 348:354 arg1 properties 287:296 superior thermal insulation properties 259:296 superior thermal insulation properties 259:296 An 1,4-cis polybutadiene rubber/carboxymethyl starch (CMS)-based silica aerogel nanocomposites as a insulation material was developed that will provide superior thermal insulation properties, flexibility, toughness, durability of the parent polymer, yet with the low density and superior insulation properties associated with the aerogels. 25172161 1 38 with properties 287:296 arg1 density 374:380 the low density 366:380 the low density 366:380 An 1,4-cis polybutadiene rubber/carboxymethyl starch (CMS)-based silica aerogel nanocomposites as a insulation material was developed that will provide superior thermal insulation properties, flexibility, toughness, durability of the parent polymer, yet with the low density and superior insulation properties associated with the aerogels. 25172161 3 39 theme mechanical 697:706 arg1 properties 708:717 dynamic mechanical properties 689:717 dynamic mechanical properties 689:717 The tensile properties and dynamic mechanical properties of 1,4-cis polybutadiene/CMS nanocomposites were systematically enhanced at low silica loading. 25172161 2 40 theme cm 649:650 arg1 size 608:611 a pore size 601:611 a pore size of 25.3 nm 601:622 In this study, reinforced 1,4-cis polybutadiene-CMS-silica aerogel nanocomposites were prepared from a silica aerogel with a surface area 710 m(2) g(-1), a pore size of 25.3 nm and a pore volume of 4.7 cm(3) g(-1). 25172161 2 40 theme cm 649:650 arg1 area 580:583 a surface area 710 m(2) g(-1), a pore size of 25.3 nm and a pore volume of 4.7 cm(3) g(-1) 570:659 area 580:583 In this study, reinforced 1,4-cis polybutadiene-CMS-silica aerogel nanocomposites were prepared from a silica aerogel with a surface area 710 m(2) g(-1), a pore size of 25.3 nm and a pore volume of 4.7 cm(3) g(-1). 25172161 2 40 theme cm 649:650 arg1 volume 635:640 a pore volume 628:640 a pore volume of 4.7 cm 628:650 In this study, reinforced 1,4-cis polybutadiene-CMS-silica aerogel nanocomposites were prepared from a silica aerogel with a surface area 710 m(2) g(-1), a pore size of 25.3 nm and a pore volume of 4.7 cm(3) g(-1). 25172161 3 41 theme nanocomposites 748:761 arg1 properties 674:683 The tensile properties 662:683 The tensile properties 662:683 The tensile properties and dynamic mechanical properties of 1,4-cis polybutadiene/CMS nanocomposites were systematically enhanced at low silica loading. 25172161 3 41 theme nanocomposites 748:761 arg1 properties 708:717 dynamic mechanical properties 689:717 dynamic mechanical properties 689:717 The tensile properties and dynamic mechanical properties of 1,4-cis polybutadiene/CMS nanocomposites were systematically enhanced at low silica loading. 25172161 4 42 theme mesoporous 917:926 arg1 nanocomposites 943:956 1,4-cis polybutadiene/CMS mesoporous silica aerogel nanocomposites 891:956 1,4-cis polybutadiene/CMS mesoporous silica aerogel nanocomposites 891:956 Similar improvements in tensile modulus and strength have been observed for 1,4-cis polybutadiene/CMS mesoporous silica aerogel nanocomposites. 25172161 3 43 theme silica 799:804 arg1 loading 806:812 low silica loading 795:812 low silica loading 795:812 The tensile properties and dynamic mechanical properties of 1,4-cis polybutadiene/CMS nanocomposites were systematically enhanced at low silica loading. 25172161 1 44 theme superior 259:266 arg1 properties 287:296 superior thermal insulation properties 259:296 superior thermal insulation properties 259:296 An 1,4-cis polybutadiene rubber/carboxymethyl starch (CMS)-based silica aerogel nanocomposites as a insulation material was developed that will provide superior thermal insulation properties, flexibility, toughness, durability of the parent polymer, yet with the low density and superior insulation properties associated with the aerogels. 25172161 2 45 theme silica 550:555 arg1 aerogel 557:563 a silica aerogel 548:563 a silica aerogel with a surface area 710 m(2) g(-1), a pore size of 25.3 nm and a pore volume of 4.7 cm(3) g(-1) 548:659 In this study, reinforced 1,4-cis polybutadiene-CMS-silica aerogel nanocomposites were prepared from a silica aerogel with a surface area 710 m(2) g(-1), a pore size of 25.3 nm and a pore volume of 4.7 cm(3) g(-1). 25172161 4 46 from improvements 823:834 arg1 strength 859:866 strength 859:866 strength 859:866 Similar improvements in tensile modulus and strength have been observed for 1,4-cis polybutadiene/CMS mesoporous silica aerogel nanocomposites. 25172161 4 46 from improvements 823:834 arg1 modulus 847:853 tensile modulus 839:853 tensile modulus 839:853 Similar improvements in tensile modulus and strength have been observed for 1,4-cis polybutadiene/CMS mesoporous silica aerogel nanocomposites. 25172161 1 47 theme -based 165:170 arg1 aerogel 179:185 An 1,4-cis polybutadiene rubber/carboxymethyl starch (CMS)-based silica aerogel 107:185 An 1,4-cis polybutadiene rubber/carboxymethyl starch (CMS)-based silica aerogel 107:185 An 1,4-cis polybutadiene rubber/carboxymethyl starch (CMS)-based silica aerogel nanocomposites as a insulation material was developed that will provide superior thermal insulation properties, flexibility, toughness, durability of the parent polymer, yet with the low density and superior insulation properties associated with the aerogels. 25172161 1 48 theme thermal 268:274 arg1 properties 287:296 superior thermal insulation properties 259:296 superior thermal insulation properties 259:296 An 1,4-cis polybutadiene rubber/carboxymethyl starch (CMS)-based silica aerogel nanocomposites as a insulation material was developed that will provide superior thermal insulation properties, flexibility, toughness, durability of the parent polymer, yet with the low density and superior insulation properties associated with the aerogels. 25172161 3 49 theme polybutadiene/CMS 730:746 arg1 nanocomposites 748:761 1,4-cis polybutadiene/CMS nanocomposites 722:761 1,4-cis polybutadiene/CMS nanocomposites 722:761 The tensile properties and dynamic mechanical properties of 1,4-cis polybutadiene/CMS nanocomposites were systematically enhanced at low silica loading. 25172161 1 50 theme silica 172:177 arg1 aerogel 179:185 An 1,4-cis polybutadiene rubber/carboxymethyl starch (CMS)-based silica aerogel 107:185 An 1,4-cis polybutadiene rubber/carboxymethyl starch (CMS)-based silica aerogel 107:185 An 1,4-cis polybutadiene rubber/carboxymethyl starch (CMS)-based silica aerogel nanocomposites as a insulation material was developed that will provide superior thermal insulation properties, flexibility, toughness, durability of the parent polymer, yet with the low density and superior insulation properties associated with the aerogels. 25172161 1 51 theme insulation 276:285 arg1 properties 287:296 superior thermal insulation properties 259:296 superior thermal insulation properties 259:296 An 1,4-cis polybutadiene rubber/carboxymethyl starch (CMS)-based silica aerogel nanocomposites as a insulation material was developed that will provide superior thermal insulation properties, flexibility, toughness, durability of the parent polymer, yet with the low density and superior insulation properties associated with the aerogels. 27083797 5 0 theme SPE-CS/CNF 729:738 arg1 Transparency 713:724 Transparency 713:724 Transparency of SPE-CS/CNF and SPE-CA/CNF 713:753 Transparency of SPE-CS/CNF and SPE-CA/CNF became a little worse with increasing CNF content. 27083797 10 1 theme strength 1376:1383 arg1 lowering 1360:1367 a lowering 1358:1367 a lowering of the strength and modulus 1358:1395 The tensile strength and modulus of each sample were much improved by the addition of 3wt% CNF, while further addition of CNF caused a lowering of the strength and modulus. 27083797 7 2 theme related 942:948 arg1 temperatures 929:940 two tanδ peak temperatures 915:940 two tanδ peak temperatures related to glass transitions of the CS-rich and PAA-rich or PEA-rich moieties 915:1018 SPE-CA or SPE-CE exhibited two tanδ peak temperatures related to glass transitions of the CS-rich and PAA-rich or PEA-rich moieties. 27083797 1 3 theme epoxy 166:170 arg1 ether 119:123 Sorbitol polyglycidyl ether 97:123 Sorbitol polyglycidyl ether (SPE) which is a bio-based water-soluble epoxy resin 97:176 Sorbitol polyglycidyl ether (SPE) which is a bio-based water-soluble epoxy resin was cured with chitosan (CS) and/or a commercial water-soluble polyamidoamine- or polyetheramine-type epoxy hardener (PAA or PEA). 27083797 1 3 theme epoxy 166:170 arg1 resin 172:176 a bio-based water-soluble epoxy resin 140:176 a bio-based water-soluble epoxy resin 140:176 Sorbitol polyglycidyl ether (SPE) which is a bio-based water-soluble epoxy resin was cured with chitosan (CS) and/or a commercial water-soluble polyamidoamine- or polyetheramine-type epoxy hardener (PAA or PEA). 27083797 10 4 dep strength 1237:1244 arg1 The 1225:1227 The 1225:1227 The 1225:1227 The tensile strength and modulus of each sample were much improved by the addition of 3wt% CNF, while further addition of CNF caused a lowering of the strength and modulus. 27083797 10 5 theme modulus 1389:1395 arg1 lowering 1360:1367 a lowering 1358:1367 a lowering of the strength and modulus 1358:1395 The tensile strength and modulus of each sample were much improved by the addition of 3wt% CNF, while further addition of CNF caused a lowering of the strength and modulus. 27083797 7 6 theme tanδ 919:922 arg1 temperatures 929:940 two tanδ peak temperatures 915:940 two tanδ peak temperatures related to glass transitions of the CS-rich and PAA-rich or PEA-rich moieties 915:1018 SPE-CA or SPE-CE exhibited two tanδ peak temperatures related to glass transitions of the CS-rich and PAA-rich or PEA-rich moieties. 27083797 2 7 theme SPE 352:354 arg1 biocomposites 416:428 the CS-cured SPE (CS-SPE) and CS/PAA- or CS/PEA-cured SPE (SPE-CA or SPE-CE) biocomposites 339:428 the CS-cured SPE (CS-SPE) and CS/PAA- or CS/PEA-cured SPE (SPE-CA or SPE-CE) biocomposites with chitin nanofiber (CNF) 339:456 Furthermore, biocomposites of the CS-cured SPE (CS-SPE) and CS/PAA- or CS/PEA-cured SPE (SPE-CA or SPE-CE) biocomposites with chitin nanofiber (CNF) were prepared by casting and compression molding methods, respectively. 27083797 1 8 theme polyetheramine-type 260:278 arg1 hardener 286:293 polyetheramine-type epoxy hardener 260:293 polyetheramine-type epoxy hardener 260:293 Sorbitol polyglycidyl ether (SPE) which is a bio-based water-soluble epoxy resin was cured with chitosan (CS) and/or a commercial water-soluble polyamidoamine- or polyetheramine-type epoxy hardener (PAA or PEA). 27083797 9 9 theme cured 1186:1190 arg1 resins 1192:1197 the cured resins 1182:1197 the cured resins 1182:1197 A higher order of tensile strengths and moduli of the cured resins was SPE-CS≫SPE-CA>SPE-CE. 27083797 7 10 theme peak 924:927 arg1 temperatures 929:940 two tanδ peak temperatures 915:940 two tanδ peak temperatures related to glass transitions of the CS-rich and PAA-rich or PEA-rich moieties 915:1018 SPE-CA or SPE-CE exhibited two tanδ peak temperatures related to glass transitions of the CS-rich and PAA-rich or PEA-rich moieties. 27083797 1 11 theme epoxy 280:284 arg1 hardener 286:293 polyetheramine-type epoxy hardener 260:293 polyetheramine-type epoxy hardener 260:293 Sorbitol polyglycidyl ether (SPE) which is a bio-based water-soluble epoxy resin was cured with chitosan (CS) and/or a commercial water-soluble polyamidoamine- or polyetheramine-type epoxy hardener (PAA or PEA). 27083797 8 12 theme CNF 1119:1121 arg1 content 1123:1129 CNF content 1119:1129 CNF content 1119:1129 The tanδ peak temperatures related to the CS-rich and PAA-rich moieties increased with increasing CNF content. 27083797 0 13 theme Bio-based 0:8 arg1 composites 33:42 Bio-based epoxy/chitin nanofiber composites 0:42 Bio-based epoxy/chitin nanofiber composites 0:42 Bio-based epoxy/chitin nanofiber composites cured with amine-type hardeners containing chitosan. 27083797 9 14 theme tensile 1150:1156 arg1 strengths 1158:1166 tensile strengths 1150:1166 tensile strengths 1150:1166 A higher order of tensile strengths and moduli of the cured resins was SPE-CS≫SPE-CA>SPE-CE. 27083797 2 15 theme CS/PEA-cured 380:391 arg1 SPE 393:395 CS/PAA- or CS/PEA-cured SPE 369:395 CS/PAA- or CS/PEA-cured SPE (SPE-CA or SPE-CE) 369:414 Furthermore, biocomposites of the CS-cured SPE (CS-SPE) and CS/PAA- or CS/PEA-cured SPE (SPE-CA or SPE-CE) biocomposites with chitin nanofiber (CNF) were prepared by casting and compression molding methods, respectively. 27083797 0 16 theme amine-type 55:64 arg1 hardeners 66:74 amine-type hardeners 55:74 amine-type hardeners containing chitosan 55:94 Bio-based epoxy/chitin nanofiber composites cured with amine-type hardeners containing chitosan. 27083797 9 17 theme strengths 1158:1166 arg1 moduli 1172:1177 moduli 1172:1177 moduli of the cured resins 1172:1197 A higher order of tensile strengths and moduli of the cured resins was SPE-CS≫SPE-CA>SPE-CE. 27083797 9 17 theme strengths 1158:1166 arg1 order 1141:1145 A higher order 1132:1145 A higher order of tensile strengths 1132:1166 A higher order of tensile strengths and moduli of the cured resins was SPE-CS≫SPE-CA>SPE-CE. 27083797 9 17 theme strengths 1158:1166 arg1 SPE-CS≫SPE-CA>SPE-CE 1203:1222 SPE-CS≫SPE-CA>SPE-CE 1203:1222 SPE-CS≫SPE-CA>SPE-CE 1203:1222 A higher order of tensile strengths and moduli of the cured resins was SPE-CS≫SPE-CA>SPE-CE. 27083797 1 18 theme Sorbitol 97:104 arg1 ether 119:123 Sorbitol polyglycidyl ether 97:123 Sorbitol polyglycidyl ether (SPE) which is a bio-based water-soluble epoxy resin 97:176 Sorbitol polyglycidyl ether (SPE) which is a bio-based water-soluble epoxy resin was cured with chitosan (CS) and/or a commercial water-soluble polyamidoamine- or polyetheramine-type epoxy hardener (PAA or PEA). 27083797 1 18 theme Sorbitol 97:104 arg1 resin 172:176 a bio-based water-soluble epoxy resin 140:176 a bio-based water-soluble epoxy resin 140:176 Sorbitol polyglycidyl ether (SPE) which is a bio-based water-soluble epoxy resin was cured with chitosan (CS) and/or a commercial water-soluble polyamidoamine- or polyetheramine-type epoxy hardener (PAA or PEA). 27083797 1 18 theme Sorbitol 97:104 arg1 SPE 126:128 SPE 126:128 SPE 126:128 Sorbitol polyglycidyl ether (SPE) which is a bio-based water-soluble epoxy resin was cured with chitosan (CS) and/or a commercial water-soluble polyamidoamine- or polyetheramine-type epoxy hardener (PAA or PEA). 27083797 0 19 theme epoxy/chitin 10:21 arg1 composites 33:42 Bio-based epoxy/chitin nanofiber composites 0:42 Bio-based epoxy/chitin nanofiber composites 0:42 Bio-based epoxy/chitin nanofiber composites cured with amine-type hardeners containing chitosan. 27083797 8 20 theme tanδ 1025:1028 arg1 temperatures 1035:1046 The tanδ peak temperatures 1021:1046 The tanδ peak temperatures related to the CS-rich and PAA-rich moieties 1021:1091 The tanδ peak temperatures related to the CS-rich and PAA-rich moieties increased with increasing CNF content. 27083797 1 21 theme polyglycidyl 106:117 arg1 ether 119:123 Sorbitol polyglycidyl ether 97:123 Sorbitol polyglycidyl ether (SPE) which is a bio-based water-soluble epoxy resin 97:176 Sorbitol polyglycidyl ether (SPE) which is a bio-based water-soluble epoxy resin was cured with chitosan (CS) and/or a commercial water-soluble polyamidoamine- or polyetheramine-type epoxy hardener (PAA or PEA). 27083797 1 21 theme polyglycidyl 106:117 arg1 resin 172:176 a bio-based water-soluble epoxy resin 140:176 a bio-based water-soluble epoxy resin 140:176 Sorbitol polyglycidyl ether (SPE) which is a bio-based water-soluble epoxy resin was cured with chitosan (CS) and/or a commercial water-soluble polyamidoamine- or polyetheramine-type epoxy hardener (PAA or PEA). 27083797 1 21 theme polyglycidyl 106:117 arg1 SPE 126:128 SPE 126:128 SPE 126:128 Sorbitol polyglycidyl ether (SPE) which is a bio-based water-soluble epoxy resin was cured with chitosan (CS) and/or a commercial water-soluble polyamidoamine- or polyetheramine-type epoxy hardener (PAA or PEA). 27083797 2 22 theme CS/PAA- 369:375 arg1 SPE 393:395 CS/PAA- or CS/PEA-cured SPE 369:395 CS/PAA- or CS/PEA-cured SPE (SPE-CA or SPE-CE) 369:414 Furthermore, biocomposites of the CS-cured SPE (CS-SPE) and CS/PAA- or CS/PEA-cured SPE (SPE-CA or SPE-CE) biocomposites with chitin nanofiber (CNF) were prepared by casting and compression molding methods, respectively. 27083797 2 23 theme biocomposites 416:428 arg1 biocomposites 416:428 the CS-cured SPE (CS-SPE) and CS/PAA- or CS/PEA-cured SPE (SPE-CA or SPE-CE) biocomposites 339:428 the CS-cured SPE (CS-SPE) and CS/PAA- or CS/PEA-cured SPE (SPE-CA or SPE-CE) biocomposites with chitin nanofiber (CNF) 339:456 Furthermore, biocomposites of the CS-cured SPE (CS-SPE) and CS/PAA- or CS/PEA-cured SPE (SPE-CA or SPE-CE) biocomposites with chitin nanofiber (CNF) were prepared by casting and compression molding methods, respectively. 27083797 2 23 theme biocomposites 416:428 arg1 biocomposites 322:334 biocomposites 322:334 biocomposites of the CS-cured SPE (CS-SPE) and CS/PAA- or CS/PEA-cured SPE (SPE-CA or SPE-CE) biocomposites with chitin nanofiber (CNF) 322:456 Furthermore, biocomposites of the CS-cured SPE (CS-SPE) and CS/PAA- or CS/PEA-cured SPE (SPE-CA or SPE-CE) biocomposites with chitin nanofiber (CNF) were prepared by casting and compression molding methods, respectively. 27083797 10 24 theme CNF 1347:1349 arg1 addition 1335:1342 further addition 1327:1342 further addition of CNF 1327:1349 The tensile strength and modulus of each sample were much improved by the addition of 3wt% CNF, while further addition of CNF caused a lowering of the strength and modulus. 27083797 3 25 theme FT-IR 614:618 arg1 analysis 629:636 the FT-IR spectral analysis 610:636 the FT-IR spectral analysis 610:636 The curing reaction of epoxy and amino groups of the reactants was confirmed by the FT-IR spectral analysis. 27083797 9 26 theme higher 1134:1139 arg1 order 1141:1145 A higher order 1132:1145 A higher order of tensile strengths 1132:1166 A higher order of tensile strengths and moduli of the cured resins was SPE-CS≫SPE-CA>SPE-CE. 27083797 9 26 theme higher 1134:1139 arg1 SPE-CS≫SPE-CA>SPE-CE 1203:1222 SPE-CS≫SPE-CA>SPE-CE 1203:1222 SPE-CS≫SPE-CA>SPE-CE 1203:1222 A higher order of tensile strengths and moduli of the cured resins was SPE-CS≫SPE-CA>SPE-CE. 27083797 0 27 theme nanofiber 23:31 arg1 composites 33:42 Bio-based epoxy/chitin nanofiber composites 0:42 Bio-based epoxy/chitin nanofiber composites 0:42 Bio-based epoxy/chitin nanofiber composites cured with amine-type hardeners containing chitosan. 27083797 8 28 theme peak 1030:1033 arg1 temperatures 1035:1046 The tanδ peak temperatures 1021:1046 The tanδ peak temperatures related to the CS-rich and PAA-rich moieties 1021:1091 The tanδ peak temperatures related to the CS-rich and PAA-rich moieties increased with increasing CNF content. 27083797 6 29 theme SPE-CS 835:840 arg1 temperature 820:830 The tanδ peak temperature 806:830 The tanδ peak temperature of SPE-CS 806:840 The tanδ peak temperature of SPE-CS was higher than those of SPE-PAA and SPE-PEA. 27083797 6 29 theme SPE-CS 835:840 arg1 higher 846:851 higher 846:851 higher 846:851 The tanδ peak temperature of SPE-CS was higher than those of SPE-PAA and SPE-PEA. 27083797 3 30 theme curing 534:539 arg1 reaction 541:548 The curing reaction 530:548 The curing reaction of epoxy and amino groups of the reactants 530:591 The curing reaction of epoxy and amino groups of the reactants was confirmed by the FT-IR spectral analysis. 27083797 10 31 theme sample 1266:1271 arg1 modulus 1250:1256 modulus 1250:1256 modulus 1250:1256 The tensile strength and modulus of each sample were much improved by the addition of 3wt% CNF, while further addition of CNF caused a lowering of the strength and modulus. 27083797 10 31 theme sample 1266:1271 arg1 strength 1237:1244 tensile strength 1229:1244 tensile strength 1229:1244 The tensile strength and modulus of each sample were much improved by the addition of 3wt% CNF, while further addition of CNF caused a lowering of the strength and modulus. 27083797 5 32 theme SPE-CA/CNF 744:753 arg1 Transparency 713:724 Transparency 713:724 Transparency of SPE-CS/CNF and SPE-CA/CNF 713:753 Transparency of SPE-CS/CNF and SPE-CA/CNF became a little worse with increasing CNF content. 27083797 7 33 theme moieties 1011:1018 arg1 transitions 959:969 glass transitions 953:969 glass transitions of the CS-rich and PAA-rich or PEA-rich moieties 953:1018 SPE-CA or SPE-CE exhibited two tanδ peak temperatures related to glass transitions of the CS-rich and PAA-rich or PEA-rich moieties. 27083797 1 34 dep polyamidoamine- 241:255 arg1 PEA 303:305 PEA 303:305 PEA 303:305 Sorbitol polyglycidyl ether (SPE) which is a bio-based water-soluble epoxy resin was cured with chitosan (CS) and/or a commercial water-soluble polyamidoamine- or polyetheramine-type epoxy hardener (PAA or PEA). 27083797 1 34 dep polyamidoamine- 241:255 arg1 PAA 296:298 PAA 296:298 PAA 296:298 Sorbitol polyglycidyl ether (SPE) which is a bio-based water-soluble epoxy resin was cured with chitosan (CS) and/or a commercial water-soluble polyamidoamine- or polyetheramine-type epoxy hardener (PAA or PEA). 27083797 3 35 theme amino 563:567 arg1 groups 569:574 epoxy and amino groups 553:574 groups 569:574 The curing reaction of epoxy and amino groups of the reactants was confirmed by the FT-IR spectral analysis. 27083797 3 35 theme amino 563:567 arg1 reactants 583:591 the reactants 579:591 the reactants 579:591 The curing reaction of epoxy and amino groups of the reactants was confirmed by the FT-IR spectral analysis. 27083797 8 36 theme related 1048:1054 arg1 temperatures 1035:1046 The tanδ peak temperatures 1021:1046 The tanδ peak temperatures related to the CS-rich and PAA-rich moieties 1021:1091 The tanδ peak temperatures related to the CS-rich and PAA-rich moieties increased with increasing CNF content. 27083797 9 37 theme resins 1192:1197 arg1 moduli 1172:1177 moduli 1172:1177 moduli of the cured resins 1172:1197 A higher order of tensile strengths and moduli of the cured resins was SPE-CS≫SPE-CA>SPE-CE. 27083797 9 37 theme resins 1192:1197 arg1 order 1141:1145 A higher order 1132:1145 A higher order of tensile strengths 1132:1166 A higher order of tensile strengths and moduli of the cured resins was SPE-CS≫SPE-CA>SPE-CE. 27083797 9 37 theme resins 1192:1197 arg1 SPE-CS≫SPE-CA>SPE-CE 1203:1222 SPE-CS≫SPE-CA>SPE-CE 1203:1222 SPE-CS≫SPE-CA>SPE-CE 1203:1222 A higher order of tensile strengths and moduli of the cured resins was SPE-CS≫SPE-CA>SPE-CE. 27083797 2 38 dep SPE 393:395 arg1 SPE-CE 408:413 SPE-CE 408:413 SPE-CE 408:413 Furthermore, biocomposites of the CS-cured SPE (CS-SPE) and CS/PAA- or CS/PEA-cured SPE (SPE-CA or SPE-CE) biocomposites with chitin nanofiber (CNF) were prepared by casting and compression molding methods, respectively. 27083797 2 38 dep SPE 393:395 arg1 SPE-CA 398:403 SPE-CA 398:403 SPE-CA 398:403 Furthermore, biocomposites of the CS-cured SPE (CS-SPE) and CS/PAA- or CS/PEA-cured SPE (SPE-CA or SPE-CE) biocomposites with chitin nanofiber (CNF) were prepared by casting and compression molding methods, respectively. 27083797 2 39 theme SPE 393:395 arg1 biocomposites 416:428 the CS-cured SPE (CS-SPE) and CS/PAA- or CS/PEA-cured SPE (SPE-CA or SPE-CE) biocomposites 339:428 the CS-cured SPE (CS-SPE) and CS/PAA- or CS/PEA-cured SPE (SPE-CA or SPE-CE) biocomposites with chitin nanofiber (CNF) 339:456 Furthermore, biocomposites of the CS-cured SPE (CS-SPE) and CS/PAA- or CS/PEA-cured SPE (SPE-CA or SPE-CE) biocomposites with chitin nanofiber (CNF) were prepared by casting and compression molding methods, respectively. 27083797 10 40 dep strength 1376:1383 arg1 the 1372:1374 the 1372:1374 the 1372:1374 The tensile strength and modulus of each sample were much improved by the addition of 3wt% CNF, while further addition of CNF caused a lowering of the strength and modulus. 27083797 8 41 theme CS-rich 1063:1069 arg1 moieties 1084:1091 the CS-rich and PAA-rich moieties 1059:1091 the CS-rich and PAA-rich moieties 1059:1091 The tanδ peak temperatures related to the CS-rich and PAA-rich moieties increased with increasing CNF content. 27083797 6 42 theme peak 815:818 arg1 temperature 820:830 The tanδ peak temperature 806:830 The tanδ peak temperature of SPE-CS 806:840 The tanδ peak temperature of SPE-CS was higher than those of SPE-PAA and SPE-PEA. 27083797 6 42 theme peak 815:818 arg1 higher 846:851 higher 846:851 higher 846:851 The tanδ peak temperature of SPE-CS was higher than those of SPE-PAA and SPE-PEA. 27083797 3 43 theme epoxy 553:557 arg1 groups 569:574 epoxy and amino groups 553:574 groups 569:574 The curing reaction of epoxy and amino groups of the reactants was confirmed by the FT-IR spectral analysis. 27083797 3 43 theme epoxy 553:557 arg1 reactants 583:591 the reactants 579:591 the reactants 579:591 The curing reaction of epoxy and amino groups of the reactants was confirmed by the FT-IR spectral analysis. 27083797 7 44 theme CS-rich 978:984 arg1 moieties 1011:1018 the CS-rich and PAA-rich or PEA-rich moieties 974:1018 the CS-rich and PAA-rich or PEA-rich moieties 974:1018 SPE-CA or SPE-CE exhibited two tanδ peak temperatures related to glass transitions of the CS-rich and PAA-rich or PEA-rich moieties. 27083797 2 45 theme CS-cured 343:350 arg1 CS-SPE 357:362 CS-SPE 357:362 CS-SPE 357:362 Furthermore, biocomposites of the CS-cured SPE (CS-SPE) and CS/PAA- or CS/PEA-cured SPE (SPE-CA or SPE-CE) biocomposites with chitin nanofiber (CNF) were prepared by casting and compression molding methods, respectively. 27083797 2 45 theme CS-cured 343:350 arg1 SPE 352:354 CS-cured SPE 343:354 CS-cured SPE (CS-SPE) 343:363 Furthermore, biocomposites of the CS-cured SPE (CS-SPE) and CS/PAA- or CS/PEA-cured SPE (SPE-CA or SPE-CE) biocomposites with chitin nanofiber (CNF) were prepared by casting and compression molding methods, respectively. 27083797 2 46 theme chitin 435:440 arg1 nanofiber 442:450 chitin nanofiber 435:450 chitin nanofiber (CNF) 435:456 Furthermore, biocomposites of the CS-cured SPE (CS-SPE) and CS/PAA- or CS/PEA-cured SPE (SPE-CA or SPE-CE) biocomposites with chitin nanofiber (CNF) were prepared by casting and compression molding methods, respectively. 27083797 2 46 theme chitin 435:440 arg1 CNF 453:455 CNF 453:455 CNF 453:455 Furthermore, biocomposites of the CS-cured SPE (CS-SPE) and CS/PAA- or CS/PEA-cured SPE (SPE-CA or SPE-CE) biocomposites with chitin nanofiber (CNF) were prepared by casting and compression molding methods, respectively. 27083797 10 47 theme further 1327:1333 arg1 addition 1335:1342 further addition 1327:1342 further addition of CNF 1327:1349 The tensile strength and modulus of each sample were much improved by the addition of 3wt% CNF, while further addition of CNF caused a lowering of the strength and modulus. 27083797 7 48 theme PEA-rich 1002:1009 arg1 moieties 1011:1018 the CS-rich and PAA-rich or PEA-rich moieties 974:1018 the CS-rich and PAA-rich or PEA-rich moieties 974:1018 SPE-CA or SPE-CE exhibited two tanδ peak temperatures related to glass transitions of the CS-rich and PAA-rich or PEA-rich moieties. 27083797 6 49 theme tanδ 810:813 arg1 temperature 820:830 The tanδ peak temperature 806:830 The tanδ peak temperature of SPE-CS 806:840 The tanδ peak temperature of SPE-CS was higher than those of SPE-PAA and SPE-PEA. 27083797 6 49 theme tanδ 810:813 arg1 higher 846:851 higher 846:851 higher 846:851 The tanδ peak temperature of SPE-CS was higher than those of SPE-PAA and SPE-PEA. 27083797 4 50 theme transparent 669:679 arg1 films 681:685 almost transparent films 662:685 almost transparent films 662:685 SPE-CS and SPE-CA were almost transparent films, while SPE-CE was opaque. 27083797 8 51 theme PAA-rich 1075:1082 arg1 moieties 1084:1091 the CS-rich and PAA-rich moieties 1059:1091 the CS-rich and PAA-rich moieties 1059:1091 The tanδ peak temperatures related to the CS-rich and PAA-rich moieties increased with increasing CNF content. 27083797 3 52 theme reactants 583:591 arg1 groups 569:574 epoxy and amino groups 553:574 groups 569:574 The curing reaction of epoxy and amino groups of the reactants was confirmed by the FT-IR spectral analysis. 27083797 3 52 theme reactants 583:591 arg1 reactants 583:591 the reactants 579:591 the reactants 579:591 The curing reaction of epoxy and amino groups of the reactants was confirmed by the FT-IR spectral analysis. 27083797 3 53 theme groups 569:574 arg1 reaction 541:548 The curing reaction 530:548 The curing reaction of epoxy and amino groups of the reactants 530:591 The curing reaction of epoxy and amino groups of the reactants was confirmed by the FT-IR spectral analysis. 27083797 2 54 with biocomposites 416:428 arg1 nanofiber 442:450 chitin nanofiber 435:450 chitin nanofiber (CNF) 435:456 Furthermore, biocomposites of the CS-cured SPE (CS-SPE) and CS/PAA- or CS/PEA-cured SPE (SPE-CA or SPE-CE) biocomposites with chitin nanofiber (CNF) were prepared by casting and compression molding methods, respectively. 27083797 2 54 with biocomposites 416:428 arg1 CNF 453:455 CNF 453:455 CNF 453:455 Furthermore, biocomposites of the CS-cured SPE (CS-SPE) and CS/PAA- or CS/PEA-cured SPE (SPE-CA or SPE-CE) biocomposites with chitin nanofiber (CNF) were prepared by casting and compression molding methods, respectively. 27083797 10 55 theme 3wt 1311:1313 arg1 CNF 1316:1318 3wt% CNF 1311:1318 3wt% CNF 1311:1318 The tensile strength and modulus of each sample were much improved by the addition of 3wt% CNF, while further addition of CNF caused a lowering of the strength and modulus. 27083797 7 56 theme PAA-rich 990:997 arg1 moieties 1011:1018 the CS-rich and PAA-rich or PEA-rich moieties 974:1018 the CS-rich and PAA-rich or PEA-rich moieties 974:1018 SPE-CA or SPE-CE exhibited two tanδ peak temperatures related to glass transitions of the CS-rich and PAA-rich or PEA-rich moieties. 27083797 3 57 theme spectral 620:627 arg1 analysis 629:636 the FT-IR spectral analysis 610:636 the FT-IR spectral analysis 610:636 The curing reaction of epoxy and amino groups of the reactants was confirmed by the FT-IR spectral analysis. 27083797 10 58 theme CNF 1316:1318 arg1 addition 1299:1306 the addition 1295:1306 the addition of 3wt% CNF 1295:1318 The tensile strength and modulus of each sample were much improved by the addition of 3wt% CNF, while further addition of CNF caused a lowering of the strength and modulus. 27083797 1 59 theme commercial 216:225 arg1 polyamidoamine- 241:255 a commercial water-soluble polyamidoamine- 214:255 a commercial water-soluble polyamidoamine- 214:255 Sorbitol polyglycidyl ether (SPE) which is a bio-based water-soluble epoxy resin was cured with chitosan (CS) and/or a commercial water-soluble polyamidoamine- or polyetheramine-type epoxy hardener (PAA or PEA). 27083797 10 60 theme % 1314:1314 arg1 CNF 1316:1318 3wt% CNF 1311:1318 3wt% CNF 1311:1318 The tensile strength and modulus of each sample were much improved by the addition of 3wt% CNF, while further addition of CNF caused a lowering of the strength and modulus. 27083797 7 61 theme glass 953:957 arg1 transitions 959:969 glass transitions 953:969 glass transitions of the CS-rich and PAA-rich or PEA-rich moieties 953:1018 SPE-CA or SPE-CE exhibited two tanδ peak temperatures related to glass transitions of the CS-rich and PAA-rich or PEA-rich moieties. 27083797 1 62 theme bio-based 142:150 arg1 ether 119:123 Sorbitol polyglycidyl ether 97:123 Sorbitol polyglycidyl ether (SPE) which is a bio-based water-soluble epoxy resin 97:176 Sorbitol polyglycidyl ether (SPE) which is a bio-based water-soluble epoxy resin was cured with chitosan (CS) and/or a commercial water-soluble polyamidoamine- or polyetheramine-type epoxy hardener (PAA or PEA). 27083797 1 62 theme bio-based 142:150 arg1 resin 172:176 a bio-based water-soluble epoxy resin 140:176 a bio-based water-soluble epoxy resin 140:176 Sorbitol polyglycidyl ether (SPE) which is a bio-based water-soluble epoxy resin was cured with chitosan (CS) and/or a commercial water-soluble polyamidoamine- or polyetheramine-type epoxy hardener (PAA or PEA). 27083797 1 63 theme water-soluble 227:239 arg1 polyamidoamine- 241:255 a commercial water-soluble polyamidoamine- 214:255 a commercial water-soluble polyamidoamine- 214:255 Sorbitol polyglycidyl ether (SPE) which is a bio-based water-soluble epoxy resin was cured with chitosan (CS) and/or a commercial water-soluble polyamidoamine- or polyetheramine-type epoxy hardener (PAA or PEA). 27083797 5 64 theme CNF 793:795 arg1 content 797:803 CNF content 793:803 CNF content 793:803 Transparency of SPE-CS/CNF and SPE-CA/CNF became a little worse with increasing CNF content. 27083797 0 65 contain containing 76:85 arg2 chitosan 87:94 chitosan 87:94 chitosan 87:94 Bio-based epoxy/chitin nanofiber composites cured with amine-type hardeners containing chitosan. 27083797 0 65 contain containing 76:85 arg1 hardeners 66:74 amine-type hardeners 55:74 amine-type hardeners containing chitosan 55:94 Bio-based epoxy/chitin nanofiber composites cured with amine-type hardeners containing chitosan. 27083797 1 66 theme water-soluble 152:164 arg1 ether 119:123 Sorbitol polyglycidyl ether 97:123 Sorbitol polyglycidyl ether (SPE) which is a bio-based water-soluble epoxy resin 97:176 Sorbitol polyglycidyl ether (SPE) which is a bio-based water-soluble epoxy resin was cured with chitosan (CS) and/or a commercial water-soluble polyamidoamine- or polyetheramine-type epoxy hardener (PAA or PEA). 27083797 1 66 theme water-soluble 152:164 arg1 resin 172:176 a bio-based water-soluble epoxy resin 140:176 a bio-based water-soluble epoxy resin 140:176 Sorbitol polyglycidyl ether (SPE) which is a bio-based water-soluble epoxy resin was cured with chitosan (CS) and/or a commercial water-soluble polyamidoamine- or polyetheramine-type epoxy hardener (PAA or PEA). 27083797 10 67 theme tensile 1229:1235 arg1 strength 1237:1244 tensile strength 1229:1244 tensile strength 1229:1244 The tensile strength and modulus of each sample were much improved by the addition of 3wt% CNF, while further addition of CNF caused a lowering of the strength and modulus. 25037373 1 0 theme acid 280:283 arg1 matrix 291:296 a biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) matrix 253:296 a biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) matrix in this work 253:309 New biodegradable nanocomposites have been successfully prepared by incorporating modified nano-cellulose fibers (NCF) in a biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) matrix in this work. 25037373 5 1 from /d 1045:1046 arg1 value 1025:1029 the control value 1013:1029 the control value at 1315 g/m(2)/d 1013:1046 The lowest WVTR value was 34 g/m(2)/d, which was obtained with an addition of 1% of modified NCF to PLA and the composites coating weight at 40 g/m(2) and substantially lower than the control value at 1315 g/m(2)/d. 25037373 2 2 theme hydrophobic 366:376 arg1 monomers 378:385 hydrophobic monomers 366:385 hydrophobic monomers 366:385 The hydrophobic-modified NCF was obtained by grafting hydrophobic monomers on NCF to improve the compatibility between NCF and PLA during blending. 25037373 5 3 theme g/m 1039:1041 arg1 /d 1045:1046 1315 g/m(2)/d 1034:1046 1315 g/m(2)/d 1034:1046 The lowest WVTR value was 34 g/m(2)/d, which was obtained with an addition of 1% of modified NCF to PLA and the composites coating weight at 40 g/m(2) and substantially lower than the control value at 1315 g/m(2)/d. 25037373 4 4 theme paper 826:830 arg1 WVTR 818:821 WVTR 818:821 WVTR of paper 818:830 The WVTR tests, conducted under various testing conditions and with different coating weights, demonstrated that the modified NCF/PLA composites coating played a critical role in lowering WVTR of paper. 25037373 4 5 theme composites 764:773 arg1 coating 775:781 the modified NCF/PLA composites coating 743:781 the modified NCF/PLA composites coating 743:781 The WVTR tests, conducted under various testing conditions and with different coating weights, demonstrated that the modified NCF/PLA composites coating played a critical role in lowering WVTR of paper. 25037373 1 6 theme PLA 286:288 arg1 matrix 291:296 a biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) matrix 253:296 a biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) matrix in this work 253:309 New biodegradable nanocomposites have been successfully prepared by incorporating modified nano-cellulose fibers (NCF) in a biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) matrix in this work. 25037373 5 7 theme % 912:912 arg1 addition 899:906 an addition 896:906 an addition of 1% of modified NCF to PLA and the composites coating weight at 40 g/m(2) 896:982 The lowest WVTR value was 34 g/m(2)/d, which was obtained with an addition of 1% of modified NCF to PLA and the composites coating weight at 40 g/m(2) and substantially lower than the control value at 1315 g/m(2)/d. 25037373 4 8 theme NCF/PLA 756:762 arg1 coating 775:781 the modified NCF/PLA composites coating 743:781 the modified NCF/PLA composites coating 743:781 The WVTR tests, conducted under various testing conditions and with different coating weights, demonstrated that the modified NCF/PLA composites coating played a critical role in lowering WVTR of paper. 25037373 0 9 theme paper 124:128 arg1 rate 109:112 water vapor transmission rate 84:112 water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of paper 84:128 Hydrophobic-modified nano-cellulose fiber/PLA biodegradable composites for lowering water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of paper. 25037373 0 9 theme paper 124:128 arg1 WVTR 115:118 WVTR 115:118 WVTR 115:118 Hydrophobic-modified nano-cellulose fiber/PLA biodegradable composites for lowering water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of paper. 25037373 4 10 theme various 662:668 arg1 conditions 678:687 various testing conditions 662:687 various testing conditions 662:687 The WVTR tests, conducted under various testing conditions and with different coating weights, demonstrated that the modified NCF/PLA composites coating played a critical role in lowering WVTR of paper. 25037373 6 11 theme modified 1075:1082 arg1 composite 1098:1106 the modified biodegradable composite 1071:1106 the modified biodegradable composite 1071:1106 The paper coated with the modified biodegradable composite is promising as green-based packaging materials. 25037373 5 12 theme modified 917:924 arg1 NCF 926:928 modified NCF 917:928 modified NCF 917:928 The lowest WVTR value was 34 g/m(2)/d, which was obtained with an addition of 1% of modified NCF to PLA and the composites coating weight at 40 g/m(2) and substantially lower than the control value at 1315 g/m(2)/d. 25037373 0 13 theme nano-cellulose 21:34 arg1 composites 60:69 Hydrophobic-modified nano-cellulose fiber/PLA biodegradable composites 0:69 Hydrophobic-modified nano-cellulose fiber/PLA biodegradable composites for lowering water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of paper. 0:129 Hydrophobic-modified nano-cellulose fiber/PLA biodegradable composites for lowering water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of paper. 25037373 5 14 theme control 1017:1023 arg1 value 1025:1029 the control value 1013:1029 the control value at 1315 g/m(2)/d 1013:1046 The lowest WVTR value was 34 g/m(2)/d, which was obtained with an addition of 1% of modified NCF to PLA and the composites coating weight at 40 g/m(2) and substantially lower than the control value at 1315 g/m(2)/d. 25037373 1 15 from matrix 291:296 arg1 work 306:309 this work 301:309 this work 301:309 New biodegradable nanocomposites have been successfully prepared by incorporating modified nano-cellulose fibers (NCF) in a biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) matrix in this work. 25037373 1 16 theme modified 213:220 arg1 NCF 245:247 NCF 245:247 NCF 245:247 New biodegradable nanocomposites have been successfully prepared by incorporating modified nano-cellulose fibers (NCF) in a biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) matrix in this work. 25037373 1 16 theme modified 213:220 arg1 fibers 237:242 modified nano-cellulose fibers 213:242 modified nano-cellulose fibers (NCF) 213:248 New biodegradable nanocomposites have been successfully prepared by incorporating modified nano-cellulose fibers (NCF) in a biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) matrix in this work. 25037373 0 17 theme Hydrophobic-modified 0:19 arg1 composites 60:69 Hydrophobic-modified nano-cellulose fiber/PLA biodegradable composites 0:69 Hydrophobic-modified nano-cellulose fiber/PLA biodegradable composites for lowering water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of paper. 0:129 Hydrophobic-modified nano-cellulose fiber/PLA biodegradable composites for lowering water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of paper. 25037373 6 18 theme green-based 1124:1134 arg1 materials 1146:1154 green-based packaging materials 1124:1154 green-based packaging materials 1124:1154 The paper coated with the modified biodegradable composite is promising as green-based packaging materials. 25037373 2 19 theme hydrophobic-modified 316:335 arg1 NCF 337:339 The hydrophobic-modified NCF 312:339 The hydrophobic-modified NCF 312:339 The hydrophobic-modified NCF was obtained by grafting hydrophobic monomers on NCF to improve the compatibility between NCF and PLA during blending. 25037373 1 20 theme nano-cellulose 222:235 arg1 NCF 245:247 NCF 245:247 NCF 245:247 New biodegradable nanocomposites have been successfully prepared by incorporating modified nano-cellulose fibers (NCF) in a biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) matrix in this work. 25037373 1 20 theme nano-cellulose 222:235 arg1 fibers 237:242 modified nano-cellulose fibers 213:242 modified nano-cellulose fibers (NCF) 213:248 New biodegradable nanocomposites have been successfully prepared by incorporating modified nano-cellulose fibers (NCF) in a biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) matrix in this work. 25037373 0 21 theme biodegradable 46:58 arg1 composites 60:69 Hydrophobic-modified nano-cellulose fiber/PLA biodegradable composites 0:69 Hydrophobic-modified nano-cellulose fiber/PLA biodegradable composites for lowering water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of paper. 0:129 Hydrophobic-modified nano-cellulose fiber/PLA biodegradable composites for lowering water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of paper. 25037373 4 22 theme modified 747:754 arg1 coating 775:781 the modified NCF/PLA composites coating 743:781 the modified NCF/PLA composites coating 743:781 The WVTR tests, conducted under various testing conditions and with different coating weights, demonstrated that the modified NCF/PLA composites coating played a critical role in lowering WVTR of paper. 25037373 3 23 theme water 583:587 arg1 rate 608:611 the water vapor transmission rate 579:611 the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of paper 579:627 The resulting NCF/PLA composites were then applied on paper surface via a cast-coating process in an attempt to reduce the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of paper. 25037373 3 23 theme water 583:587 arg1 WVTR 614:617 WVTR 614:617 WVTR 614:617 The resulting NCF/PLA composites were then applied on paper surface via a cast-coating process in an attempt to reduce the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of paper. 25037373 3 24 theme paper 514:518 arg1 surface 520:526 paper surface 514:526 paper surface 514:526 The resulting NCF/PLA composites were then applied on paper surface via a cast-coating process in an attempt to reduce the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of paper. 25037373 5 25 theme lowest 837:842 arg1 /d 868:869 34 g/m(2)/d 859:869 34 g/m(2)/d 859:869 The lowest WVTR value was 34 g/m(2)/d, which was obtained with an addition of 1% of modified NCF to PLA and the composites coating weight at 40 g/m(2) and substantially lower than the control value at 1315 g/m(2)/d. 25037373 5 25 theme lowest 837:842 arg1 value 849:853 The lowest WVTR value 833:853 The lowest WVTR value 833:853 The lowest WVTR value was 34 g/m(2)/d, which was obtained with an addition of 1% of modified NCF to PLA and the composites coating weight at 40 g/m(2) and substantially lower than the control value at 1315 g/m(2)/d. 25037373 5 26 theme g/m 862:864 arg1 /d 868:869 34 g/m(2)/d 859:869 34 g/m(2)/d 859:869 The lowest WVTR value was 34 g/m(2)/d, which was obtained with an addition of 1% of modified NCF to PLA and the composites coating weight at 40 g/m(2) and substantially lower than the control value at 1315 g/m(2)/d. 25037373 5 26 theme g/m 862:864 arg1 value 849:853 The lowest WVTR value 833:853 The lowest WVTR value 833:853 The lowest WVTR value was 34 g/m(2)/d, which was obtained with an addition of 1% of modified NCF to PLA and the composites coating weight at 40 g/m(2) and substantially lower than the control value at 1315 g/m(2)/d. 25037373 3 27 theme resulting 464:472 arg1 composites 482:491 The resulting NCF/PLA composites 460:491 The resulting NCF/PLA composites 460:491 The resulting NCF/PLA composites were then applied on paper surface via a cast-coating process in an attempt to reduce the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of paper. 25037373 4 28 theme different 698:706 arg1 weights 716:722 different coating weights 698:722 different coating weights 698:722 The WVTR tests, conducted under various testing conditions and with different coating weights, demonstrated that the modified NCF/PLA composites coating played a critical role in lowering WVTR of paper. 25037373 5 29 theme WVTR 844:847 arg1 /d 868:869 34 g/m(2)/d 859:869 34 g/m(2)/d 859:869 The lowest WVTR value was 34 g/m(2)/d, which was obtained with an addition of 1% of modified NCF to PLA and the composites coating weight at 40 g/m(2) and substantially lower than the control value at 1315 g/m(2)/d. 25037373 5 29 theme WVTR 844:847 arg1 value 849:853 The lowest WVTR value 833:853 The lowest WVTR value 833:853 The lowest WVTR value was 34 g/m(2)/d, which was obtained with an addition of 1% of modified NCF to PLA and the composites coating weight at 40 g/m(2) and substantially lower than the control value at 1315 g/m(2)/d. 25037373 3 30 theme NCF/PLA 474:480 arg1 composites 482:491 The resulting NCF/PLA composites 460:491 The resulting NCF/PLA composites 460:491 The resulting NCF/PLA composites were then applied on paper surface via a cast-coating process in an attempt to reduce the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of paper. 25037373 0 31 theme water 84:88 arg1 rate 109:112 water vapor transmission rate 84:112 water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of paper 84:128 Hydrophobic-modified nano-cellulose fiber/PLA biodegradable composites for lowering water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of paper. 25037373 0 31 theme water 84:88 arg1 WVTR 115:118 WVTR 115:118 WVTR 115:118 Hydrophobic-modified nano-cellulose fiber/PLA biodegradable composites for lowering water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of paper. 25037373 3 32 theme vapor 589:593 arg1 rate 608:611 the water vapor transmission rate 579:611 the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of paper 579:627 The resulting NCF/PLA composites were then applied on paper surface via a cast-coating process in an attempt to reduce the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of paper. 25037373 3 32 theme vapor 589:593 arg1 WVTR 614:617 WVTR 614:617 WVTR 614:617 The resulting NCF/PLA composites were then applied on paper surface via a cast-coating process in an attempt to reduce the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of paper. 25037373 4 33 theme coating 708:714 arg1 weights 716:722 different coating weights 698:722 different coating weights 698:722 The WVTR tests, conducted under various testing conditions and with different coating weights, demonstrated that the modified NCF/PLA composites coating played a critical role in lowering WVTR of paper. 25037373 3 34 theme transmission 595:606 arg1 rate 608:611 the water vapor transmission rate 579:611 the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of paper 579:627 The resulting NCF/PLA composites were then applied on paper surface via a cast-coating process in an attempt to reduce the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of paper. 25037373 3 34 theme transmission 595:606 arg1 WVTR 614:617 WVTR 614:617 WVTR 614:617 The resulting NCF/PLA composites were then applied on paper surface via a cast-coating process in an attempt to reduce the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of paper. 25037373 1 35 theme New 131:133 arg1 nanocomposites 149:162 New biodegradable nanocomposites 131:162 New biodegradable nanocomposites 131:162 New biodegradable nanocomposites have been successfully prepared by incorporating modified nano-cellulose fibers (NCF) in a biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) matrix in this work. 25037373 5 36 theme NCF 926:928 arg1 % 912:912 1% 911:912 1% of modified NCF 911:928 The lowest WVTR value was 34 g/m(2)/d, which was obtained with an addition of 1% of modified NCF to PLA and the composites coating weight at 40 g/m(2) and substantially lower than the control value at 1315 g/m(2)/d. 25037373 5 36 theme NCF 926:928 arg1 NCF 926:928 modified NCF 917:928 modified NCF 917:928 The lowest WVTR value was 34 g/m(2)/d, which was obtained with an addition of 1% of modified NCF to PLA and the composites coating weight at 40 g/m(2) and substantially lower than the control value at 1315 g/m(2)/d. 25037373 4 37 theme critical 792:799 arg1 role 801:804 a critical role 790:804 a critical role 790:804 The WVTR tests, conducted under various testing conditions and with different coating weights, demonstrated that the modified NCF/PLA composites coating played a critical role in lowering WVTR of paper. 25037373 6 38 theme packaging 1136:1144 arg1 materials 1146:1154 green-based packaging materials 1124:1154 green-based packaging materials 1124:1154 The paper coated with the modified biodegradable composite is promising as green-based packaging materials. 25037373 1 39 theme biodegradable 135:147 arg1 nanocomposites 149:162 New biodegradable nanocomposites 131:162 New biodegradable nanocomposites 131:162 New biodegradable nanocomposites have been successfully prepared by incorporating modified nano-cellulose fibers (NCF) in a biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) matrix in this work. 25037373 6 40 theme biodegradable 1084:1096 arg1 composite 1098:1106 the modified biodegradable composite 1071:1106 the modified biodegradable composite 1071:1106 The paper coated with the modified biodegradable composite is promising as green-based packaging materials. 25037373 3 41 theme paper 623:627 arg1 rate 608:611 the water vapor transmission rate 579:611 the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of paper 579:627 The resulting NCF/PLA composites were then applied on paper surface via a cast-coating process in an attempt to reduce the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of paper. 25037373 3 41 theme paper 623:627 arg1 WVTR 614:617 WVTR 614:617 WVTR 614:617 The resulting NCF/PLA composites were then applied on paper surface via a cast-coating process in an attempt to reduce the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of paper. 25037373 4 42 theme testing 670:676 arg1 conditions 678:687 various testing conditions 662:687 various testing conditions 662:687 The WVTR tests, conducted under various testing conditions and with different coating weights, demonstrated that the modified NCF/PLA composites coating played a critical role in lowering WVTR of paper. 25037373 0 43 theme transmission 96:107 arg1 rate 109:112 water vapor transmission rate 84:112 water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of paper 84:128 Hydrophobic-modified nano-cellulose fiber/PLA biodegradable composites for lowering water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of paper. 25037373 0 43 theme transmission 96:107 arg1 WVTR 115:118 WVTR 115:118 WVTR 115:118 Hydrophobic-modified nano-cellulose fiber/PLA biodegradable composites for lowering water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of paper. 25037373 4 44 theme WVTR 634:637 arg1 tests 639:643 The WVTR tests 630:643 The WVTR tests 630:643 The WVTR tests, conducted under various testing conditions and with different coating weights, demonstrated that the modified NCF/PLA composites coating played a critical role in lowering WVTR of paper. 25037373 1 45 theme biodegradable 255:267 arg1 matrix 291:296 a biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) matrix 253:296 a biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) matrix in this work 253:309 New biodegradable nanocomposites have been successfully prepared by incorporating modified nano-cellulose fibers (NCF) in a biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) matrix in this work. 25037373 0 46 theme vapor 90:94 arg1 rate 109:112 water vapor transmission rate 84:112 water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of paper 84:128 Hydrophobic-modified nano-cellulose fiber/PLA biodegradable composites for lowering water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of paper. 25037373 0 46 theme vapor 90:94 arg1 WVTR 115:118 WVTR 115:118 WVTR 115:118 Hydrophobic-modified nano-cellulose fiber/PLA biodegradable composites for lowering water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of paper. 25037373 0 47 theme fiber/PLA 36:44 arg1 composites 60:69 Hydrophobic-modified nano-cellulose fiber/PLA biodegradable composites 0:69 Hydrophobic-modified nano-cellulose fiber/PLA biodegradable composites for lowering water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of paper. 0:129 Hydrophobic-modified nano-cellulose fiber/PLA biodegradable composites for lowering water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of paper. 25037373 3 48 theme cast-coating 534:545 arg1 process 547:553 a cast-coating process 532:553 a cast-coating process in an attempt to reduce the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of paper 532:627 The resulting NCF/PLA composites were then applied on paper surface via a cast-coating process in an attempt to reduce the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of paper. 25037373 3 49 from process 547:553 arg1 attempt 561:567 an attempt to reduce the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of paper 558:627 an attempt to reduce the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of paper 558:627 The resulting NCF/PLA composites were then applied on paper surface via a cast-coating process in an attempt to reduce the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of paper. 25037373 1 50 theme polylactic 269:278 arg1 matrix 291:296 a biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) matrix 253:296 a biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) matrix in this work 253:309 New biodegradable nanocomposites have been successfully prepared by incorporating modified nano-cellulose fibers (NCF) in a biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) matrix in this work. 25037366 5 0 theme drying 766:771 arg1 step 773:776 the spray drying step 756:776 the spray drying step 756:776 Moreover, the spray drying step also provided us with the chance to encapsulate guests into the resultant cellulose microspheres. 25037366 2 1 theme spray 352:356 arg1 step 365:368 a spray drying step 350:368 a spray drying step 350:368 The spray coagulating process must combine with a spray drying step to guarantee the formation of stable microspheres of cellulose. 25037366 1 2 theme μm 241:242 arg1 size 229:232 size 229:232 size of 1-3 μm 229:242 Porous microspheres of regenerated cellulose with size in range of 1-2 μm and composite microspheres of chitosan coated cellulose with size of 1-3 μm were obtained through a two-step spray-assisted approach. 25037366 0 3 theme spray 80:84 arg1 drying 86:91 spray drying 80:91 spray drying 80:91 Preparation of cellulose based microspheres by combining spray coagulating with spray drying. 25037366 6 4 theme microspheres 919:930 arg1 application 890:900 The potential application 876:900 The potential application of the cellulose microspheres acting as drug delivery vector 876:961 The potential application of the cellulose microspheres acting as drug delivery vector has been studied in two PBS (phosphate-buffered saline) solution with pH values at 4.0 and 7.4 to mimic the environments of stomach and intestine, respectively. 25037366 6 5 theme phosphate-buffered 992:1009 arg1 PBS 987:989 two PBS 983:989 two PBS (phosphate-buffered saline) solution 983:1026 The potential application of the cellulose microspheres acting as drug delivery vector has been studied in two PBS (phosphate-buffered saline) solution with pH values at 4.0 and 7.4 to mimic the environments of stomach and intestine, respectively. 25037366 6 5 theme phosphate-buffered 992:1009 arg1 saline 1011:1016 phosphate-buffered saline 992:1016 phosphate-buffered saline 992:1016 The potential application of the cellulose microspheres acting as drug delivery vector has been studied in two PBS (phosphate-buffered saline) solution with pH values at 4.0 and 7.4 to mimic the environments of stomach and intestine, respectively. 25037366 6 6 theme cellulose 909:917 arg1 microspheres 919:930 the cellulose microspheres 905:930 the cellulose microspheres acting as drug delivery vector 905:961 The potential application of the cellulose microspheres acting as drug delivery vector has been studied in two PBS (phosphate-buffered saline) solution with pH values at 4.0 and 7.4 to mimic the environments of stomach and intestine, respectively. 25037366 6 7 theme drug 942:945 arg1 vector 956:961 drug delivery vector 942:961 drug delivery vector 942:961 The potential application of the cellulose microspheres acting as drug delivery vector has been studied in two PBS (phosphate-buffered saline) solution with pH values at 4.0 and 7.4 to mimic the environments of stomach and intestine, respectively. 25037366 4 8 theme stable 725:730 arg1 microspheres 732:743 stable microspheres 725:743 stable microspheres 725:743 First, the preparation was performed using aqueous solution of cellulose as precursor in the absence of organic solvent and surfactant; Second, neither crosslinking agent nor separated crosslinking process was required for formation of stable microspheres. 25037366 5 9 theme cellulose 852:860 arg1 microspheres 862:873 the resultant cellulose microspheres 838:873 the resultant cellulose microspheres 838:873 Moreover, the spray drying step also provided us with the chance to encapsulate guests into the resultant cellulose microspheres. 25037366 4 10 theme microspheres 732:743 arg1 formation 712:720 formation 712:720 formation of stable microspheres 712:743 First, the preparation was performed using aqueous solution of cellulose as precursor in the absence of organic solvent and surfactant; Second, neither crosslinking agent nor separated crosslinking process was required for formation of stable microspheres. 25037366 2 11 theme microspheres 407:418 arg1 formation 387:395 the formation 383:395 the formation of stable microspheres of cellulose 383:431 The spray coagulating process must combine with a spray drying step to guarantee the formation of stable microspheres of cellulose. 25037366 6 12 theme pH 1033:1034 arg1 values 1036:1041 pH values 1033:1041 pH values 1033:1041 The potential application of the cellulose microspheres acting as drug delivery vector has been studied in two PBS (phosphate-buffered saline) solution with pH values at 4.0 and 7.4 to mimic the environments of stomach and intestine, respectively. 25037366 4 13 theme separated 664:672 arg1 process 687:693 separated crosslinking process 664:693 separated crosslinking process 664:693 First, the preparation was performed using aqueous solution of cellulose as precursor in the absence of organic solvent and surfactant; Second, neither crosslinking agent nor separated crosslinking process was required for formation of stable microspheres. 25037366 1 14 theme μm 165:166 arg1 range 152:156 range 152:156 range of 1-2 μm 152:166 Porous microspheres of regenerated cellulose with size in range of 1-2 μm and composite microspheres of chitosan coated cellulose with size of 1-3 μm were obtained through a two-step spray-assisted approach. 25037366 1 14 theme μm 165:166 arg1 microspheres 182:193 composite microspheres 172:193 composite microspheres of chitosan coated cellulose with size of 1-3 μm 172:242 Porous microspheres of regenerated cellulose with size in range of 1-2 μm and composite microspheres of chitosan coated cellulose with size of 1-3 μm were obtained through a two-step spray-assisted approach. 25037366 6 15 theme PBS 987:989 arg1 solution 1019:1026 two PBS (phosphate-buffered saline) solution 983:1026 two PBS (phosphate-buffered saline) solution 983:1026 The potential application of the cellulose microspheres acting as drug delivery vector has been studied in two PBS (phosphate-buffered saline) solution with pH values at 4.0 and 7.4 to mimic the environments of stomach and intestine, respectively. 25037366 4 16 theme crosslinking 641:652 arg1 agent 654:658 crosslinking agent 641:658 crosslinking agent 641:658 First, the preparation was performed using aqueous solution of cellulose as precursor in the absence of organic solvent and surfactant; Second, neither crosslinking agent nor separated crosslinking process was required for formation of stable microspheres. 25037366 6 17 theme potential 880:888 arg1 application 890:900 The potential application 876:900 The potential application of the cellulose microspheres acting as drug delivery vector 876:961 The potential application of the cellulose microspheres acting as drug delivery vector has been studied in two PBS (phosphate-buffered saline) solution with pH values at 4.0 and 7.4 to mimic the environments of stomach and intestine, respectively. 25037366 2 18 theme coagulating 312:322 arg1 process 324:330 The spray coagulating process 302:330 The spray coagulating process 302:330 The spray coagulating process must combine with a spray drying step to guarantee the formation of stable microspheres of cellulose. 25037366 1 19 theme composite 172:180 arg1 microspheres 182:193 composite microspheres 172:193 composite microspheres of chitosan coated cellulose with size of 1-3 μm 172:242 Porous microspheres of regenerated cellulose with size in range of 1-2 μm and composite microspheres of chitosan coated cellulose with size of 1-3 μm were obtained through a two-step spray-assisted approach. 25037366 4 20 theme cellulose 552:560 arg1 solution 540:547 aqueous solution 532:547 aqueous solution of cellulose 532:560 First, the preparation was performed using aqueous solution of cellulose as precursor in the absence of organic solvent and surfactant; Second, neither crosslinking agent nor separated crosslinking process was required for formation of stable microspheres. 25037366 1 21 with cellulose 129:137 arg1 size 144:147 size 144:147 size 144:147 Porous microspheres of regenerated cellulose with size in range of 1-2 μm and composite microspheres of chitosan coated cellulose with size of 1-3 μm were obtained through a two-step spray-assisted approach. 25037366 1 22 theme Porous 94:99 arg1 microspheres 101:112 Porous microspheres 94:112 Porous microspheres of regenerated cellulose with size in range of 1-2 μm and composite microspheres of chitosan coated cellulose with size of 1-3 μm 94:242 Porous microspheres of regenerated cellulose with size in range of 1-2 μm and composite microspheres of chitosan coated cellulose with size of 1-3 μm were obtained through a two-step spray-assisted approach. 25037366 1 23 theme two-step 268:275 arg1 approach 292:299 a two-step spray-assisted approach 266:299 a two-step spray-assisted approach 266:299 Porous microspheres of regenerated cellulose with size in range of 1-2 μm and composite microspheres of chitosan coated cellulose with size of 1-3 μm were obtained through a two-step spray-assisted approach. 25037366 3 24 theme following 461:469 arg1 virtues 480:486 the following two main virtues 457:486 the following two main virtues 457:486 This approach exhibits the following two main virtues. 25037366 2 25 theme spray 306:310 arg1 process 324:330 The spray coagulating process 302:330 The spray coagulating process 302:330 The spray coagulating process must combine with a spray drying step to guarantee the formation of stable microspheres of cellulose. 25037366 1 26 theme spray-assisted 277:290 arg1 approach 292:299 a two-step spray-assisted approach 266:299 a two-step spray-assisted approach 266:299 Porous microspheres of regenerated cellulose with size in range of 1-2 μm and composite microspheres of chitosan coated cellulose with size of 1-3 μm were obtained through a two-step spray-assisted approach. 25037366 1 27 theme chitosan 198:205 arg1 range 152:156 range 152:156 range of 1-2 μm 152:166 Porous microspheres of regenerated cellulose with size in range of 1-2 μm and composite microspheres of chitosan coated cellulose with size of 1-3 μm were obtained through a two-step spray-assisted approach. 25037366 1 27 theme chitosan 198:205 arg1 microspheres 182:193 composite microspheres 172:193 composite microspheres of chitosan coated cellulose with size of 1-3 μm 172:242 Porous microspheres of regenerated cellulose with size in range of 1-2 μm and composite microspheres of chitosan coated cellulose with size of 1-3 μm were obtained through a two-step spray-assisted approach. 25037366 2 28 theme stable 400:405 arg1 microspheres 407:418 stable microspheres 400:418 stable microspheres of cellulose 400:431 The spray coagulating process must combine with a spray drying step to guarantee the formation of stable microspheres of cellulose. 25037366 0 29 theme cellulose 15:23 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation of cellulose 0:23 Preparation of cellulose based microspheres by combining spray coagulating with spray drying. 25037366 5 30 theme resultant 842:850 arg1 microspheres 862:873 the resultant cellulose microspheres 838:873 the resultant cellulose microspheres 838:873 Moreover, the spray drying step also provided us with the chance to encapsulate guests into the resultant cellulose microspheres. 25037366 0 31 theme spray 57:61 arg1 coagulating 63:73 spray coagulating 57:73 spray coagulating 57:73 Preparation of cellulose based microspheres by combining spray coagulating with spray drying. 25037366 1 32 theme regenerated 117:127 arg1 cellulose 129:137 regenerated cellulose 117:137 regenerated cellulose with size 117:147 Porous microspheres of regenerated cellulose with size in range of 1-2 μm and composite microspheres of chitosan coated cellulose with size of 1-3 μm were obtained through a two-step spray-assisted approach. 25037366 6 33 theme delivery 947:954 arg1 vector 956:961 drug delivery vector 942:961 drug delivery vector 942:961 The potential application of the cellulose microspheres acting as drug delivery vector has been studied in two PBS (phosphate-buffered saline) solution with pH values at 4.0 and 7.4 to mimic the environments of stomach and intestine, respectively. 25037366 1 34 theme cellulose 129:137 arg1 microspheres 101:112 Porous microspheres 94:112 Porous microspheres of regenerated cellulose with size in range of 1-2 μm and composite microspheres of chitosan coated cellulose with size of 1-3 μm 94:242 Porous microspheres of regenerated cellulose with size in range of 1-2 μm and composite microspheres of chitosan coated cellulose with size of 1-3 μm were obtained through a two-step spray-assisted approach. 25037366 1 35 from microspheres 101:112 arg1 range 152:156 range 152:156 range of 1-2 μm 152:166 Porous microspheres of regenerated cellulose with size in range of 1-2 μm and composite microspheres of chitosan coated cellulose with size of 1-3 μm were obtained through a two-step spray-assisted approach. 25037366 1 35 from microspheres 101:112 arg1 microspheres 182:193 composite microspheres 172:193 composite microspheres of chitosan coated cellulose with size of 1-3 μm 172:242 Porous microspheres of regenerated cellulose with size in range of 1-2 μm and composite microspheres of chitosan coated cellulose with size of 1-3 μm were obtained through a two-step spray-assisted approach. 25037366 4 36 theme aqueous 532:538 arg1 solution 540:547 aqueous solution 532:547 aqueous solution of cellulose 532:560 First, the preparation was performed using aqueous solution of cellulose as precursor in the absence of organic solvent and surfactant; Second, neither crosslinking agent nor separated crosslinking process was required for formation of stable microspheres. 25037366 3 37 theme main 475:478 arg1 virtues 480:486 the following two main virtues 457:486 the following two main virtues 457:486 This approach exhibits the following two main virtues. 25037366 6 38 theme intestine 1099:1107 arg1 environments 1071:1082 the environments 1067:1082 the environments of stomach and intestine, respectively 1067:1121 The potential application of the cellulose microspheres acting as drug delivery vector has been studied in two PBS (phosphate-buffered saline) solution with pH values at 4.0 and 7.4 to mimic the environments of stomach and intestine, respectively. 25037366 4 39 theme solvent 601:607 arg1 absence 582:588 the absence 578:588 the absence of organic solvent and surfactant 578:622 First, the preparation was performed using aqueous solution of cellulose as precursor in the absence of organic solvent and surfactant; Second, neither crosslinking agent nor separated crosslinking process was required for formation of stable microspheres. 25037366 4 40 theme crosslinking 674:685 arg1 process 687:693 separated crosslinking process 664:693 separated crosslinking process 664:693 First, the preparation was performed using aqueous solution of cellulose as precursor in the absence of organic solvent and surfactant; Second, neither crosslinking agent nor separated crosslinking process was required for formation of stable microspheres. 25037366 4 41 theme organic 593:599 arg1 solvent 601:607 organic solvent 593:607 organic solvent 593:607 First, the preparation was performed using aqueous solution of cellulose as precursor in the absence of organic solvent and surfactant; Second, neither crosslinking agent nor separated crosslinking process was required for formation of stable microspheres. 25037366 6 42 theme stomach 1087:1093 arg1 environments 1071:1082 the environments 1067:1082 the environments of stomach and intestine, respectively 1067:1121 The potential application of the cellulose microspheres acting as drug delivery vector has been studied in two PBS (phosphate-buffered saline) solution with pH values at 4.0 and 7.4 to mimic the environments of stomach and intestine, respectively. 25037366 4 43 theme surfactant 613:622 arg1 absence 582:588 the absence 578:588 the absence of organic solvent and surfactant 578:622 First, the preparation was performed using aqueous solution of cellulose as precursor in the absence of organic solvent and surfactant; Second, neither crosslinking agent nor separated crosslinking process was required for formation of stable microspheres. 25037366 5 44 theme spray 760:764 arg1 step 773:776 the spray drying step 756:776 the spray drying step 756:776 Moreover, the spray drying step also provided us with the chance to encapsulate guests into the resultant cellulose microspheres. 25037366 2 45 theme cellulose 423:431 arg1 microspheres 407:418 stable microspheres 400:418 stable microspheres of cellulose 400:431 The spray coagulating process must combine with a spray drying step to guarantee the formation of stable microspheres of cellulose. 25037366 2 46 theme drying 358:363 arg1 step 365:368 a spray drying step 350:368 a spray drying step 350:368 The spray coagulating process must combine with a spray drying step to guarantee the formation of stable microspheres of cellulose. 24815684 2 0 theme mechanical 558:567 arg1 properties 585:594 their basic structural, mechanical, and biological properties 534:594 their basic structural, mechanical, and biological properties 534:594 The aim of this work was to fabricate novel tri-component scaffolds composed of chitosan, β-1,3-glucan, and bioceramics and to evaluate their basic structural, mechanical, and biological properties. 24815684 7 1 contain possess 1119:1125 arg1 composites 1108:1117 novel composites 1102:1117 novel composites 1102:1117 Our results demonstrated that novel composites possess good compressive strength as the effect of polysaccharide components of scaffolds, are very elastic, are non-toxic, favourable to cell adhesion and promote cell proliferation. 24815684 7 1 contain possess 1119:1125 arg2 strength 1144:1151 good compressive strength 1127:1151 good compressive strength 1127:1151 Our results demonstrated that novel composites possess good compressive strength as the effect of polysaccharide components of scaffolds, are very elastic, are non-toxic, favourable to cell adhesion and promote cell proliferation. 24815684 7 1 contain possess 1119:1125 arg2 effect 1160:1165 the effect 1156:1165 the effect of polysaccharide components of scaffolds 1156:1207 Our results demonstrated that novel composites possess good compressive strength as the effect of polysaccharide components of scaffolds, are very elastic, are non-toxic, favourable to cell adhesion and promote cell proliferation. 24815684 7 2 theme novel 1102:1106 arg1 composites 1108:1117 novel composites 1102:1117 novel composites 1102:1117 Our results demonstrated that novel composites possess good compressive strength as the effect of polysaccharide components of scaffolds, are very elastic, are non-toxic, favourable to cell adhesion and promote cell proliferation. 24815684 4 3 theme tomography 799:808 arg1 scanning 810:817 computed tomography scanning 790:817 computed tomography scanning 790:817 Microstructure of novel composites was visualized by computed tomography scanning and SEM. 24815684 9 4 theme fabricated 1399:1408 arg1 composites 1416:1425 fabricated novel composites 1399:1425 fabricated novel composites 1399:1425 Thus, we infer that fabricated novel composites are promising materials for bone tissue engineering application as cell scaffolds to fill small bone losses rather than as massive bone fillers exposed to mechanical load. 24815684 9 4 theme fabricated 1399:1408 arg1 materials 1441:1449 promising materials 1431:1449 promising materials for bone tissue engineering application as cell scaffolds to fill small bone losses rather than as massive bone fillers exposed to mechanical load 1431:1596 Thus, we infer that fabricated novel composites are promising materials for bone tissue engineering application as cell scaffolds to fill small bone losses rather than as massive bone fillers exposed to mechanical load. 24815684 5 5 theme composites 876:885 arg1 modulus 861:867 Young's modulus 853:867 Young's modulus 853:867 Compressive strength and Young's modulus of the composites were evaluated by compression testing. 24815684 5 5 theme composites 876:885 arg1 strength 840:847 Compressive strength 828:847 Compressive strength 828:847 Compressive strength and Young's modulus of the composites were evaluated by compression testing. 24815684 8 6 theme low 1351:1353 arg1 values 1371:1376 relatively low Young's modulus values 1340:1376 relatively low Young's modulus values 1340:1376 However, novel biomaterials revealed relatively low Young's modulus values. 24815684 4 7 theme computed 790:797 arg1 scanning 810:817 computed tomography scanning 790:817 computed tomography scanning 790:817 Microstructure of novel composites was visualized by computed tomography scanning and SEM. 24815684 5 8 theme Compressive 828:838 arg1 strength 840:847 Compressive strength 828:847 Compressive strength 828:847 Compressive strength and Young's modulus of the composites were evaluated by compression testing. 24815684 6 9 theme proliferation 1011:1023 arg1 tests 1025:1029 cytotoxicity, cell attachment and cell proliferation tests 972:1029 cytotoxicity, cell attachment and cell proliferation tests using human foetal osteoblast cell line 972:1069 The biocompatibility was assessed in vitro by cytotoxicity, cell attachment and cell proliferation tests using human foetal osteoblast cell line. 24815684 6 10 theme cell 1006:1009 arg1 proliferation 1011:1023 cell proliferation 1006:1023 cell proliferation 1006:1023 The biocompatibility was assessed in vitro by cytotoxicity, cell attachment and cell proliferation tests using human foetal osteoblast cell line. 24815684 9 11 theme cell 1494:1497 arg1 scaffolds 1499:1507 cell scaffolds 1494:1507 cell scaffolds 1494:1507 Thus, we infer that fabricated novel composites are promising materials for bone tissue engineering application as cell scaffolds to fill small bone losses rather than as massive bone fillers exposed to mechanical load. 24815684 1 12 theme bone 342:345 arg1 regeneration 347:358 bone regeneration 342:358 bone regeneration 342:358 Bone tissue engineering put emphasis on fabrication three-dimensional biodegradable porous scaffolds that possess ability to enhance adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells, therefore supporting bone regeneration and functional bone tissue formation. 24815684 9 13 theme promising 1431:1439 arg1 composites 1416:1425 fabricated novel composites 1399:1425 fabricated novel composites 1399:1425 Thus, we infer that fabricated novel composites are promising materials for bone tissue engineering application as cell scaffolds to fill small bone losses rather than as massive bone fillers exposed to mechanical load. 24815684 9 13 theme promising 1431:1439 arg1 materials 1441:1449 promising materials 1431:1449 promising materials for bone tissue engineering application as cell scaffolds to fill small bone losses rather than as massive bone fillers exposed to mechanical load 1431:1596 Thus, we infer that fabricated novel composites are promising materials for bone tissue engineering application as cell scaffolds to fill small bone losses rather than as massive bone fillers exposed to mechanical load. 24815684 3 14 contain containing 712:721 arg2 β-1,3-glucan 723:734 β-1,3-glucan 723:734 β-1,3-glucan 723:734 It should be noted that we are the first who describe fabrication and characterization of tri-component composites containing β-1,3-glucan. 24815684 3 14 contain containing 712:721 arg1 composites 701:710 tri-component composites 687:710 tri-component composites containing β-1,3-glucan 687:734 It should be noted that we are the first who describe fabrication and characterization of tri-component composites containing β-1,3-glucan. 24815684 9 15 theme massive 1550:1556 arg1 fillers 1563:1569 massive bone fillers 1550:1569 massive bone fillers exposed to mechanical load 1550:1596 Thus, we infer that fabricated novel composites are promising materials for bone tissue engineering application as cell scaffolds to fill small bone losses rather than as massive bone fillers exposed to mechanical load. 24815684 4 16 theme novel 755:759 arg1 composites 761:770 novel composites 755:770 novel composites 755:770 Microstructure of novel composites was visualized by computed tomography scanning and SEM. 24815684 2 17 theme biological 574:583 arg1 properties 585:594 their basic structural, mechanical, and biological properties 534:594 their basic structural, mechanical, and biological properties 534:594 The aim of this work was to fabricate novel tri-component scaffolds composed of chitosan, β-1,3-glucan, and bioceramics and to evaluate their basic structural, mechanical, and biological properties. 24815684 6 18 theme attachment 991:1000 arg1 tests 1025:1029 cytotoxicity, cell attachment and cell proliferation tests 972:1029 cytotoxicity, cell attachment and cell proliferation tests using human foetal osteoblast cell line 972:1069 The biocompatibility was assessed in vitro by cytotoxicity, cell attachment and cell proliferation tests using human foetal osteoblast cell line. 24815684 5 19 theme compression 905:915 arg1 testing 917:923 compression testing 905:923 compression testing 905:923 Compressive strength and Young's modulus of the composites were evaluated by compression testing. 24815684 7 20 dep non-toxic 1232:1240 arg1 favourable 1243:1252 favourable 1243:1252 favourable 1243:1252 Our results demonstrated that novel composites possess good compressive strength as the effect of polysaccharide components of scaffolds, are very elastic, are non-toxic, favourable to cell adhesion and promote cell proliferation. 24815684 0 21 theme phosphate 30:38 arg1 ceramics 40:47 Chitosan/β-1,3-glucan/calcium phosphate ceramics 0:47 Chitosan/β-1,3-glucan/calcium phosphate ceramics 0:47 Chitosan/β-1,3-glucan/calcium phosphate ceramics composites--novel cell scaffolds for bone tissue engineering application. 24815684 6 22 theme cell 986:989 arg1 attachment 991:1000 cell attachment 986:1000 cell attachment 986:1000 The biocompatibility was assessed in vitro by cytotoxicity, cell attachment and cell proliferation tests using human foetal osteoblast cell line. 24815684 1 23 theme Bone 123:126 arg1 engineering 135:145 Bone tissue engineering 123:145 Bone tissue engineering 123:145 Bone tissue engineering put emphasis on fabrication three-dimensional biodegradable porous scaffolds that possess ability to enhance adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells, therefore supporting bone regeneration and functional bone tissue formation. 24815684 0 24 theme Chitosan/β-1,3-glucan/calcium 0:28 arg1 ceramics 40:47 Chitosan/β-1,3-glucan/calcium phosphate ceramics 0:47 Chitosan/β-1,3-glucan/calcium phosphate ceramics 0:47 Chitosan/β-1,3-glucan/calcium phosphate ceramics composites--novel cell scaffolds for bone tissue engineering application. 24815684 9 25 theme bone 1455:1458 arg1 application 1479:1489 bone tissue engineering application 1455:1489 bone tissue engineering application as cell scaffolds to fill small bone losses rather than as massive bone fillers exposed to mechanical load 1455:1596 Thus, we infer that fabricated novel composites are promising materials for bone tissue engineering application as cell scaffolds to fill small bone losses rather than as massive bone fillers exposed to mechanical load. 24815684 8 26 theme modulus 1363:1369 arg1 values 1371:1376 relatively low Young's modulus values 1340:1376 relatively low Young's modulus values 1340:1376 However, novel biomaterials revealed relatively low Young's modulus values. 24815684 1 27 from emphasis 151:158 arg1 scaffolds 214:222 fabrication three-dimensional biodegradable porous scaffolds 163:222 fabrication three-dimensional biodegradable porous scaffolds that possess ability to enhance adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells, therefore supporting bone regeneration and functional bone tissue formation 163:395 Bone tissue engineering put emphasis on fabrication three-dimensional biodegradable porous scaffolds that possess ability to enhance adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells, therefore supporting bone regeneration and functional bone tissue formation. 24815684 1 28 theme tissue 128:133 arg1 engineering 135:145 Bone tissue engineering 123:145 Bone tissue engineering 123:145 Bone tissue engineering put emphasis on fabrication three-dimensional biodegradable porous scaffolds that possess ability to enhance adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells, therefore supporting bone regeneration and functional bone tissue formation. 24815684 2 29 theme tri-component 442:454 arg1 scaffolds 456:464 novel tri-component scaffolds 436:464 novel tri-component scaffolds composed of chitosan, β-1,3-glucan, and bioceramics 436:516 The aim of this work was to fabricate novel tri-component scaffolds composed of chitosan, β-1,3-glucan, and bioceramics and to evaluate their basic structural, mechanical, and biological properties. 24815684 9 30 theme tissue 1460:1465 arg1 application 1479:1489 bone tissue engineering application 1455:1489 bone tissue engineering application as cell scaffolds to fill small bone losses rather than as massive bone fillers exposed to mechanical load 1455:1596 Thus, we infer that fabricated novel composites are promising materials for bone tissue engineering application as cell scaffolds to fill small bone losses rather than as massive bone fillers exposed to mechanical load. 24815684 7 31 theme scaffolds 1199:1207 arg1 components 1185:1194 polysaccharide components 1170:1194 polysaccharide components of scaffolds 1170:1207 Our results demonstrated that novel composites possess good compressive strength as the effect of polysaccharide components of scaffolds, are very elastic, are non-toxic, favourable to cell adhesion and promote cell proliferation. 24815684 9 32 theme bone 1558:1561 arg1 fillers 1563:1569 massive bone fillers 1550:1569 massive bone fillers exposed to mechanical load 1550:1596 Thus, we infer that fabricated novel composites are promising materials for bone tissue engineering application as cell scaffolds to fill small bone losses rather than as massive bone fillers exposed to mechanical load. 24815684 9 33 theme mechanical 1582:1591 arg1 load 1593:1596 mechanical load 1582:1596 mechanical load 1582:1596 Thus, we infer that fabricated novel composites are promising materials for bone tissue engineering application as cell scaffolds to fill small bone losses rather than as massive bone fillers exposed to mechanical load. 24815684 7 34 theme cell 1283:1286 arg1 proliferation 1288:1300 cell proliferation 1283:1300 cell proliferation 1283:1300 Our results demonstrated that novel composites possess good compressive strength as the effect of polysaccharide components of scaffolds, are very elastic, are non-toxic, favourable to cell adhesion and promote cell proliferation. 24815684 1 35 theme functional 364:373 arg1 formation 387:395 functional bone tissue formation 364:395 functional bone tissue formation 364:395 Bone tissue engineering put emphasis on fabrication three-dimensional biodegradable porous scaffolds that possess ability to enhance adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells, therefore supporting bone regeneration and functional bone tissue formation. 24815684 1 36 theme biodegradable 193:205 arg1 scaffolds 214:222 fabrication three-dimensional biodegradable porous scaffolds 163:222 fabrication three-dimensional biodegradable porous scaffolds that possess ability to enhance adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells, therefore supporting bone regeneration and functional bone tissue formation 163:395 Bone tissue engineering put emphasis on fabrication three-dimensional biodegradable porous scaffolds that possess ability to enhance adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells, therefore supporting bone regeneration and functional bone tissue formation. 24815684 2 37 theme structural 546:555 arg1 properties 585:594 their basic structural, mechanical, and biological properties 534:594 their basic structural, mechanical, and biological properties 534:594 The aim of this work was to fabricate novel tri-component scaffolds composed of chitosan, β-1,3-glucan, and bioceramics and to evaluate their basic structural, mechanical, and biological properties. 24815684 1 38 theme bone 375:378 arg1 formation 387:395 functional bone tissue formation 364:395 functional bone tissue formation 364:395 Bone tissue engineering put emphasis on fabrication three-dimensional biodegradable porous scaffolds that possess ability to enhance adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells, therefore supporting bone regeneration and functional bone tissue formation. 24815684 7 39 theme components 1185:1194 arg1 strength 1144:1151 good compressive strength 1127:1151 good compressive strength 1127:1151 Our results demonstrated that novel composites possess good compressive strength as the effect of polysaccharide components of scaffolds, are very elastic, are non-toxic, favourable to cell adhesion and promote cell proliferation. 24815684 7 39 theme components 1185:1194 arg1 effect 1160:1165 the effect 1156:1165 the effect of polysaccharide components of scaffolds 1156:1207 Our results demonstrated that novel composites possess good compressive strength as the effect of polysaccharide components of scaffolds, are very elastic, are non-toxic, favourable to cell adhesion and promote cell proliferation. 24815684 6 40 theme cytotoxicity 972:983 arg1 tests 1025:1029 cytotoxicity, cell attachment and cell proliferation tests 972:1029 cytotoxicity, cell attachment and cell proliferation tests using human foetal osteoblast cell line 972:1069 The biocompatibility was assessed in vitro by cytotoxicity, cell attachment and cell proliferation tests using human foetal osteoblast cell line. 24815684 4 41 theme composites 761:770 arg1 Microstructure 737:750 Microstructure 737:750 Microstructure of novel composites 737:770 Microstructure of novel composites was visualized by computed tomography scanning and SEM. 24815684 9 42 theme engineering 1467:1477 arg1 application 1479:1489 bone tissue engineering application 1455:1489 bone tissue engineering application as cell scaffolds to fill small bone losses rather than as massive bone fillers exposed to mechanical load 1455:1596 Thus, we infer that fabricated novel composites are promising materials for bone tissue engineering application as cell scaffolds to fill small bone losses rather than as massive bone fillers exposed to mechanical load. 24815684 0 43 theme cell 67:70 arg1 scaffolds 72:80 cell scaffolds 67:80 cell scaffolds for bone tissue engineering application 67:120 Chitosan/β-1,3-glucan/calcium phosphate ceramics composites--novel cell scaffolds for bone tissue engineering application. 24815684 1 44 theme tissue 380:385 arg1 formation 387:395 functional bone tissue formation 364:395 functional bone tissue formation 364:395 Bone tissue engineering put emphasis on fabrication three-dimensional biodegradable porous scaffolds that possess ability to enhance adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells, therefore supporting bone regeneration and functional bone tissue formation. 24815684 2 45 theme basic 540:544 arg1 properties 585:594 their basic structural, mechanical, and biological properties 534:594 their basic structural, mechanical, and biological properties 534:594 The aim of this work was to fabricate novel tri-component scaffolds composed of chitosan, β-1,3-glucan, and bioceramics and to evaluate their basic structural, mechanical, and biological properties. 24815684 9 46 theme bone 1523:1526 arg1 losses 1528:1533 fill small bone losses 1512:1533 fill small bone losses rather than as massive bone fillers exposed to mechanical load 1512:1596 Thus, we infer that fabricated novel composites are promising materials for bone tissue engineering application as cell scaffolds to fill small bone losses rather than as massive bone fillers exposed to mechanical load. 24815684 5 47 theme Young 853:857 arg1 modulus 861:867 Young's modulus 853:867 Young's modulus 853:867 Compressive strength and Young's modulus of the composites were evaluated by compression testing. 24815684 0 48 theme bone 86:89 arg1 application 110:120 bone tissue engineering application 86:120 bone tissue engineering application 86:120 Chitosan/β-1,3-glucan/calcium phosphate ceramics composites--novel cell scaffolds for bone tissue engineering application. 24815684 6 49 theme cell 1061:1064 arg1 line 1066:1069 human foetal osteoblast cell line 1037:1069 human foetal osteoblast cell line 1037:1069 The biocompatibility was assessed in vitro by cytotoxicity, cell attachment and cell proliferation tests using human foetal osteoblast cell line. 24815684 1 50 contain possess 229:235 arg1 scaffolds 214:222 fabrication three-dimensional biodegradable porous scaffolds 163:222 fabrication three-dimensional biodegradable porous scaffolds that possess ability to enhance adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells, therefore supporting bone regeneration and functional bone tissue formation 163:395 Bone tissue engineering put emphasis on fabrication three-dimensional biodegradable porous scaffolds that possess ability to enhance adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells, therefore supporting bone regeneration and functional bone tissue formation. 24815684 1 50 contain possess 229:235 arg2 ability 237:243 ability 237:243 ability to enhance adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells, therefore supporting bone regeneration and functional bone tissue formation 237:395 Bone tissue engineering put emphasis on fabrication three-dimensional biodegradable porous scaffolds that possess ability to enhance adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells, therefore supporting bone regeneration and functional bone tissue formation. 24815684 2 51 theme work 414:417 arg1 aim 402:404 The aim 398:404 The aim of this work 398:417 The aim of this work was to fabricate novel tri-component scaffolds composed of chitosan, β-1,3-glucan, and bioceramics and to evaluate their basic structural, mechanical, and biological properties. 24815684 7 52 theme cell 1257:1260 arg1 adhesion 1262:1269 cell adhesion 1257:1269 cell adhesion 1257:1269 Our results demonstrated that novel composites possess good compressive strength as the effect of polysaccharide components of scaffolds, are very elastic, are non-toxic, favourable to cell adhesion and promote cell proliferation. 24815684 6 53 theme osteoblast 1050:1059 arg1 line 1066:1069 human foetal osteoblast cell line 1037:1069 human foetal osteoblast cell line 1037:1069 The biocompatibility was assessed in vitro by cytotoxicity, cell attachment and cell proliferation tests using human foetal osteoblast cell line. 24815684 7 54 theme polysaccharide 1170:1183 arg1 components 1185:1194 polysaccharide components 1170:1194 polysaccharide components of scaffolds 1170:1207 Our results demonstrated that novel composites possess good compressive strength as the effect of polysaccharide components of scaffolds, are very elastic, are non-toxic, favourable to cell adhesion and promote cell proliferation. 24815684 7 55 theme good 1127:1130 arg1 strength 1144:1151 good compressive strength 1127:1151 good compressive strength 1127:1151 Our results demonstrated that novel composites possess good compressive strength as the effect of polysaccharide components of scaffolds, are very elastic, are non-toxic, favourable to cell adhesion and promote cell proliferation. 24815684 7 55 theme good 1127:1130 arg1 effect 1160:1165 the effect 1156:1165 the effect of polysaccharide components of scaffolds 1156:1207 Our results demonstrated that novel composites possess good compressive strength as the effect of polysaccharide components of scaffolds, are very elastic, are non-toxic, favourable to cell adhesion and promote cell proliferation. 24815684 6 56 theme foetal 1043:1048 arg1 line 1066:1069 human foetal osteoblast cell line 1037:1069 human foetal osteoblast cell line 1037:1069 The biocompatibility was assessed in vitro by cytotoxicity, cell attachment and cell proliferation tests using human foetal osteoblast cell line. 24815684 3 57 theme tri-component 687:699 arg1 composites 701:710 tri-component composites 687:710 tri-component composites containing β-1,3-glucan 687:734 It should be noted that we are the first who describe fabrication and characterization of tri-component composites containing β-1,3-glucan. 24815684 7 58 theme compressive 1132:1142 arg1 strength 1144:1151 good compressive strength 1127:1151 good compressive strength 1127:1151 Our results demonstrated that novel composites possess good compressive strength as the effect of polysaccharide components of scaffolds, are very elastic, are non-toxic, favourable to cell adhesion and promote cell proliferation. 24815684 7 58 theme compressive 1132:1142 arg1 effect 1160:1165 the effect 1156:1165 the effect of polysaccharide components of scaffolds 1156:1207 Our results demonstrated that novel composites possess good compressive strength as the effect of polysaccharide components of scaffolds, are very elastic, are non-toxic, favourable to cell adhesion and promote cell proliferation. 24815684 1 59 theme fabrication 163:173 arg1 scaffolds 214:222 fabrication three-dimensional biodegradable porous scaffolds 163:222 fabrication three-dimensional biodegradable porous scaffolds that possess ability to enhance adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells, therefore supporting bone regeneration and functional bone tissue formation 163:395 Bone tissue engineering put emphasis on fabrication three-dimensional biodegradable porous scaffolds that possess ability to enhance adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells, therefore supporting bone regeneration and functional bone tissue formation. 24815684 9 60 theme fill 1512:1515 arg1 losses 1528:1533 fill small bone losses 1512:1533 fill small bone losses rather than as massive bone fillers exposed to mechanical load 1512:1596 Thus, we infer that fabricated novel composites are promising materials for bone tissue engineering application as cell scaffolds to fill small bone losses rather than as massive bone fillers exposed to mechanical load. 24815684 3 61 theme composites 701:710 arg1 fabrication 651:661 fabrication 651:661 fabrication 651:661 It should be noted that we are the first who describe fabrication and characterization of tri-component composites containing β-1,3-glucan. 24815684 3 61 theme composites 701:710 arg1 characterization 667:682 characterization 667:682 characterization 667:682 It should be noted that we are the first who describe fabrication and characterization of tri-component composites containing β-1,3-glucan. 24815684 1 62 theme three-dimensional 175:191 arg1 scaffolds 214:222 fabrication three-dimensional biodegradable porous scaffolds 163:222 fabrication three-dimensional biodegradable porous scaffolds that possess ability to enhance adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells, therefore supporting bone regeneration and functional bone tissue formation 163:395 Bone tissue engineering put emphasis on fabrication three-dimensional biodegradable porous scaffolds that possess ability to enhance adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells, therefore supporting bone regeneration and functional bone tissue formation. 24815684 8 63 theme Young 1355:1359 arg1 values 1371:1376 relatively low Young's modulus values 1340:1376 relatively low Young's modulus values 1340:1376 However, novel biomaterials revealed relatively low Young's modulus values. 24815684 9 64 theme small 1517:1521 arg1 losses 1528:1533 fill small bone losses 1512:1533 fill small bone losses rather than as massive bone fillers exposed to mechanical load 1512:1596 Thus, we infer that fabricated novel composites are promising materials for bone tissue engineering application as cell scaffolds to fill small bone losses rather than as massive bone fillers exposed to mechanical load. 24815684 0 65 theme engineering 98:108 arg1 application 110:120 bone tissue engineering application 86:120 bone tissue engineering application 86:120 Chitosan/β-1,3-glucan/calcium phosphate ceramics composites--novel cell scaffolds for bone tissue engineering application. 24815684 2 66 theme novel 436:440 arg1 scaffolds 456:464 novel tri-component scaffolds 436:464 novel tri-component scaffolds composed of chitosan, β-1,3-glucan, and bioceramics 436:516 The aim of this work was to fabricate novel tri-component scaffolds composed of chitosan, β-1,3-glucan, and bioceramics and to evaluate their basic structural, mechanical, and biological properties. 24815684 9 67 theme novel 1410:1414 arg1 composites 1416:1425 fabricated novel composites 1399:1425 fabricated novel composites 1399:1425 Thus, we infer that fabricated novel composites are promising materials for bone tissue engineering application as cell scaffolds to fill small bone losses rather than as massive bone fillers exposed to mechanical load. 24815684 9 67 theme novel 1410:1414 arg1 materials 1441:1449 promising materials 1431:1449 promising materials for bone tissue engineering application as cell scaffolds to fill small bone losses rather than as massive bone fillers exposed to mechanical load 1431:1596 Thus, we infer that fabricated novel composites are promising materials for bone tissue engineering application as cell scaffolds to fill small bone losses rather than as massive bone fillers exposed to mechanical load. 24815684 1 68 theme osteoblast 303:312 arg1 cells 314:318 osteoblast cells 303:318 osteoblast cells 303:318 Bone tissue engineering put emphasis on fabrication three-dimensional biodegradable porous scaffolds that possess ability to enhance adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells, therefore supporting bone regeneration and functional bone tissue formation. 24815684 0 69 theme tissue 91:96 arg1 application 110:120 bone tissue engineering application 86:120 bone tissue engineering application 86:120 Chitosan/β-1,3-glucan/calcium phosphate ceramics composites--novel cell scaffolds for bone tissue engineering application. 24815684 6 70 theme human 1037:1041 arg1 line 1066:1069 human foetal osteoblast cell line 1037:1069 human foetal osteoblast cell line 1037:1069 The biocompatibility was assessed in vitro by cytotoxicity, cell attachment and cell proliferation tests using human foetal osteoblast cell line. 24815684 8 71 theme novel 1312:1316 arg1 biomaterials 1318:1329 novel biomaterials 1312:1329 novel biomaterials 1312:1329 However, novel biomaterials revealed relatively low Young's modulus values. 24815684 1 72 theme porous 207:212 arg1 scaffolds 214:222 fabrication three-dimensional biodegradable porous scaffolds 163:222 fabrication three-dimensional biodegradable porous scaffolds that possess ability to enhance adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells, therefore supporting bone regeneration and functional bone tissue formation 163:395 Bone tissue engineering put emphasis on fabrication three-dimensional biodegradable porous scaffolds that possess ability to enhance adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells, therefore supporting bone regeneration and functional bone tissue formation. 24815684 1 73 theme cells 314:318 arg1 differentiation 284:298 differentiation 284:298 differentiation 284:298 Bone tissue engineering put emphasis on fabrication three-dimensional biodegradable porous scaffolds that possess ability to enhance adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells, therefore supporting bone regeneration and functional bone tissue formation. 24815684 1 73 theme cells 314:318 arg1 proliferation 266:278 proliferation 266:278 proliferation 266:278 Bone tissue engineering put emphasis on fabrication three-dimensional biodegradable porous scaffolds that possess ability to enhance adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells, therefore supporting bone regeneration and functional bone tissue formation. 24815684 1 73 theme cells 314:318 arg1 adhesion 256:263 adhesion 256:263 adhesion 256:263 Bone tissue engineering put emphasis on fabrication three-dimensional biodegradable porous scaffolds that possess ability to enhance adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells, therefore supporting bone regeneration and functional bone tissue formation. 27222284 8 0 theme delivery 1441:1448 arg1 nicotine 1450:1457 the buccal delivery nicotine 1430:1457 the buccal delivery nicotine 1430:1457 The study demonstrates the potential use of composite HPMC-SA wafers in the buccal delivery nicotine. 27222284 1 1 from health 176:181 arg1 countries 211:219 many countries 206:219 many countries 206:219 Smoking cessation is of current topical interest due to the significant negative health and economic impact in many countries. 27222284 7 2 theme composite 1175:1183 arg1 wafers 1185:1190 HPMC-SA composite wafers 1167:1190 HPMC-SA composite wafers 1167:1190 HPMC-SA composite wafers showed a porous internal morphology with higher mucoadhesion, swelling index and drug loading capacity compared to the HPMC-SA composite films which were non-porous. 27222284 0 3 theme replacement 74:84 arg1 therapy 86:92 nicotine replacement therapy 65:92 nicotine replacement therapy 65:92 Composite HPMC and sodium alginate based buccal formulations for nicotine replacement therapy. 27222284 1 4 theme significant 155:165 arg1 health 176:181 the significant negative health and economic impact 151:201 health 176:181 Smoking cessation is of current topical interest due to the significant negative health and economic impact in many countries. 27222284 3 5 dep reflection-Fourier 641:658 arg1 transform 660:668 transform 660:668 transform infrared 660:677 The formulations were characterised using texture analyser (tensile and hardness, mucoadhesion), scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and swelling capacity. 27222284 3 5 dep reflection-Fourier 641:658 arg1 ATR-FTIR 680:687 ATR-FTIR 680:687 ATR-FTIR 680:687 The formulations were characterised using texture analyser (tensile and hardness, mucoadhesion), scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and swelling capacity. 27222284 6 6 dep wafers 1054:1059 arg1 drug 1072:1075 drug 1072:1075 drug 1072:1075 Generally, both films and wafers (blank and drug loaded) were amorphous in nature which impacted on swelling and mucoadhesive performance. 27222284 6 6 dep wafers 1054:1059 arg1 blank 1062:1066 blank 1062:1066 blank 1062:1066 Generally, both films and wafers (blank and drug loaded) were amorphous in nature which impacted on swelling and mucoadhesive performance. 27222284 6 6 dep wafers 1054:1059 arg1 wafers 1054:1059 wafers 1054:1059 wafers (blank and drug loaded) 1054:1083 Generally, both films and wafers (blank and drug loaded) were amorphous in nature which impacted on swelling and mucoadhesive performance. 27222284 3 7 theme texture 517:523 arg1 analyser 525:532 texture analyser 517:532 texture analyser (tensile and hardness, mucoadhesion) 517:569 The formulations were characterised using texture analyser (tensile and hardness, mucoadhesion), scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and swelling capacity. 27222284 3 8 dep transform 660:668 arg1 infrared 670:677 infrared 670:677 transform infrared 660:677 The formulations were characterised using texture analyser (tensile and hardness, mucoadhesion), scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and swelling capacity. 27222284 8 9 theme composite 1402:1410 arg1 wafers 1420:1425 composite HPMC-SA wafers 1402:1425 composite HPMC-SA wafers 1402:1425 The study demonstrates the potential use of composite HPMC-SA wafers in the buccal delivery nicotine. 27222284 4 10 theme loaded 848:853 arg1 wafers 855:860 the drug loaded wafers 839:860 the drug loaded wafers 839:860 Drug loaded films and wafers were characterised for content uniformity (HPLC) whilst the drug loaded wafers only were further characterised for in vitro drug dissolution. 27222284 7 11 theme internal 1208:1215 arg1 morphology 1217:1226 a porous internal morphology 1199:1226 a porous internal morphology 1199:1226 HPMC-SA composite wafers showed a porous internal morphology with higher mucoadhesion, swelling index and drug loading capacity compared to the HPMC-SA composite films which were non-porous. 27222284 4 12 dep in 898:899 arg1 vitro 901:905 vitro 901:905 vitro 901:905 Drug loaded films and wafers were characterised for content uniformity (HPLC) whilst the drug loaded wafers only were further characterised for in vitro drug dissolution. 27222284 7 13 theme swelling 1254:1261 arg1 index 1263:1267 swelling index 1254:1267 swelling index 1254:1267 HPMC-SA composite wafers showed a porous internal morphology with higher mucoadhesion, swelling index and drug loading capacity compared to the HPMC-SA composite films which were non-porous. 27222284 4 14 theme loaded 759:764 arg1 films 766:770 Drug loaded films 754:770 Drug loaded films 754:770 Drug loaded films and wafers were characterised for content uniformity (HPLC) whilst the drug loaded wafers only were further characterised for in vitro drug dissolution. 27222284 6 15 from amorphous 1090:1098 arg1 nature 1103:1108 nature 1103:1108 nature which impacted on swelling and mucoadhesive performance 1103:1164 Generally, both films and wafers (blank and drug loaded) were amorphous in nature which impacted on swelling and mucoadhesive performance. 27222284 1 16 theme negative 167:174 arg1 health 176:181 the significant negative health and economic impact 151:201 health 176:181 Smoking cessation is of current topical interest due to the significant negative health and economic impact in many countries. 27222284 3 17 theme differential 691:702 arg1 DSC 726:728 DSC 726:728 DSC 726:728 The formulations were characterised using texture analyser (tensile and hardness, mucoadhesion), scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and swelling capacity. 27222284 3 17 theme differential 691:702 arg1 calorimetry 713:723 differential scanning calorimetry 691:723 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 691:729 The formulations were characterised using texture analyser (tensile and hardness, mucoadhesion), scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and swelling capacity. 27222284 2 18 theme effective 403:411 arg1 alternative 413:423 a cheap but effective alternative 391:423 a cheap but effective alternative to currently used nicotine patch and chewing gum 391:472 This study aimed to develop buccal films and wafers comprising HPMC and sodium alginate (SA) for potential use in nicotine replacement therapy via the buccal mucosa, as a cheap but effective alternative to currently used nicotine patch and chewing gum. 27222284 2 18 theme effective 403:411 arg1 wafers 267:272 wafers 267:272 wafers 267:272 This study aimed to develop buccal films and wafers comprising HPMC and sodium alginate (SA) for potential use in nicotine replacement therapy via the buccal mucosa, as a cheap but effective alternative to currently used nicotine patch and chewing gum. 27222284 2 18 theme effective 403:411 arg1 films 257:261 buccal films 250:261 buccal films 250:261 This study aimed to develop buccal films and wafers comprising HPMC and sodium alginate (SA) for potential use in nicotine replacement therapy via the buccal mucosa, as a cheap but effective alternative to currently used nicotine patch and chewing gum. 27222284 8 19 theme wafers 1420:1425 arg1 use 1395:1397 the potential use 1381:1397 the potential use of composite HPMC-SA wafers in the buccal delivery nicotine 1381:1457 The study demonstrates the potential use of composite HPMC-SA wafers in the buccal delivery nicotine. 27222284 7 20 theme loading 1278:1284 arg1 capacity 1286:1293 drug loading capacity 1273:1293 drug loading capacity 1273:1293 HPMC-SA composite wafers showed a porous internal morphology with higher mucoadhesion, swelling index and drug loading capacity compared to the HPMC-SA composite films which were non-porous. 27222284 3 21 theme scanning 704:711 arg1 DSC 726:728 DSC 726:728 DSC 726:728 The formulations were characterised using texture analyser (tensile and hardness, mucoadhesion), scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and swelling capacity. 27222284 3 21 theme scanning 704:711 arg1 calorimetry 713:723 differential scanning calorimetry 691:723 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 691:729 The formulations were characterised using texture analyser (tensile and hardness, mucoadhesion), scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and swelling capacity. 27222284 2 22 from use 329:331 arg1 therapy 357:363 nicotine replacement therapy 336:363 nicotine replacement therapy 336:363 This study aimed to develop buccal films and wafers comprising HPMC and sodium alginate (SA) for potential use in nicotine replacement therapy via the buccal mucosa, as a cheap but effective alternative to currently used nicotine patch and chewing gum. 27222284 6 23 from nature 1103:1108 arg1 amorphous 1090:1098 amorphous 1090:1098 amorphous 1090:1098 Generally, both films and wafers (blank and drug loaded) were amorphous in nature which impacted on swelling and mucoadhesive performance. 27222284 0 24 theme Composite 0:8 arg1 HPMC 10:13 Composite HPMC 0:13 Composite HPMC 0:13 Composite HPMC and sodium alginate based buccal formulations for nicotine replacement therapy. 27222284 1 25 theme Smoking 95:101 arg1 cessation 103:111 Smoking cessation 95:111 Smoking cessation 95:111 Smoking cessation is of current topical interest due to the significant negative health and economic impact in many countries. 27222284 1 26 theme economic 187:194 arg1 impact 196:201 the significant negative health and economic impact 151:201 impact 196:201 Smoking cessation is of current topical interest due to the significant negative health and economic impact in many countries. 27222284 0 27 theme sodium 19:24 arg1 alginate 26:33 sodium alginate 19:33 sodium alginate 19:33 Composite HPMC and sodium alginate based buccal formulations for nicotine replacement therapy. 27222284 3 28 theme swelling 735:742 arg1 capacity 744:751 swelling capacity 735:751 swelling capacity 735:751 The formulations were characterised using texture analyser (tensile and hardness, mucoadhesion), scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and swelling capacity. 27222284 4 29 theme in 898:899 arg1 dissolution 912:922 in vitro drug dissolution 898:922 in vitro drug dissolution 898:922 Drug loaded films and wafers were characterised for content uniformity (HPLC) whilst the drug loaded wafers only were further characterised for in vitro drug dissolution. 27222284 5 30 theme HPMC 1004:1007 arg1 ratio 995:999 optimum ratio 987:999 optimum ratio of HPMC: SA of 1.25: 0.75 987:1025 SA modified and improved the functional properties of HPMC at optimum ratio of HPMC: SA of 1.25: 0.75. 27222284 2 31 theme sodium 294:299 arg1 alginate 301:308 sodium alginate 294:308 sodium alginate 294:308 This study aimed to develop buccal films and wafers comprising HPMC and sodium alginate (SA) for potential use in nicotine replacement therapy via the buccal mucosa, as a cheap but effective alternative to currently used nicotine patch and chewing gum. 27222284 2 32 theme cheap 393:397 arg1 alternative 413:423 a cheap but effective alternative 391:423 a cheap but effective alternative to currently used nicotine patch and chewing gum 391:472 This study aimed to develop buccal films and wafers comprising HPMC and sodium alginate (SA) for potential use in nicotine replacement therapy via the buccal mucosa, as a cheap but effective alternative to currently used nicotine patch and chewing gum. 27222284 2 32 theme cheap 393:397 arg1 wafers 267:272 wafers 267:272 wafers 267:272 This study aimed to develop buccal films and wafers comprising HPMC and sodium alginate (SA) for potential use in nicotine replacement therapy via the buccal mucosa, as a cheap but effective alternative to currently used nicotine patch and chewing gum. 27222284 2 32 theme cheap 393:397 arg1 films 257:261 buccal films 250:261 buccal films 250:261 This study aimed to develop buccal films and wafers comprising HPMC and sodium alginate (SA) for potential use in nicotine replacement therapy via the buccal mucosa, as a cheap but effective alternative to currently used nicotine patch and chewing gum. 27222284 8 33 theme HPMC-SA 1412:1418 arg1 wafers 1420:1425 composite HPMC-SA wafers 1402:1425 composite HPMC-SA wafers 1402:1425 The study demonstrates the potential use of composite HPMC-SA wafers in the buccal delivery nicotine. 27222284 4 34 dep loaded 759:764 arg1 Drug 754:757 Drug 754:757 Drug 754:757 Drug loaded films and wafers were characterised for content uniformity (HPLC) whilst the drug loaded wafers only were further characterised for in vitro drug dissolution. 27222284 2 35 theme nicotine 443:450 arg1 patch 452:456 currently used nicotine patch 428:456 currently used nicotine patch 428:456 This study aimed to develop buccal films and wafers comprising HPMC and sodium alginate (SA) for potential use in nicotine replacement therapy via the buccal mucosa, as a cheap but effective alternative to currently used nicotine patch and chewing gum. 27222284 4 36 theme drug 907:910 arg1 dissolution 912:922 in vitro drug dissolution 898:922 in vitro drug dissolution 898:922 Drug loaded films and wafers were characterised for content uniformity (HPLC) whilst the drug loaded wafers only were further characterised for in vitro drug dissolution. 27222284 7 37 theme higher 1233:1238 arg1 mucoadhesion 1240:1251 higher mucoadhesion 1233:1251 higher mucoadhesion 1233:1251 HPMC-SA composite wafers showed a porous internal morphology with higher mucoadhesion, swelling index and drug loading capacity compared to the HPMC-SA composite films which were non-porous. 27222284 5 38 theme optimum 987:993 arg1 ratio 995:999 optimum ratio 987:999 optimum ratio of HPMC: SA of 1.25: 0.75 987:1025 SA modified and improved the functional properties of HPMC at optimum ratio of HPMC: SA of 1.25: 0.75. 27222284 5 39 dep ratio 995:999 arg1 0.75 1022:1025 0.75 1022:1025 0.75 1022:1025 SA modified and improved the functional properties of HPMC at optimum ratio of HPMC: SA of 1.25: 0.75. 27222284 5 39 dep ratio 995:999 arg1 SA 1010:1011 SA 1010:1011 optimum ratio of HPMC: SA of 1.25: 0.75 987:1025 SA modified and improved the functional properties of HPMC at optimum ratio of HPMC: SA of 1.25: 0.75. 27222284 1 40 theme many 206:209 arg1 countries 211:219 many countries 206:219 many countries 206:219 Smoking cessation is of current topical interest due to the significant negative health and economic impact in many countries. 27222284 2 41 theme buccal 373:378 arg1 mucosa 380:385 the buccal mucosa 369:385 the buccal mucosa 369:385 This study aimed to develop buccal films and wafers comprising HPMC and sodium alginate (SA) for potential use in nicotine replacement therapy via the buccal mucosa, as a cheap but effective alternative to currently used nicotine patch and chewing gum. 27222284 2 42 theme used 438:441 arg1 patch 452:456 currently used nicotine patch 428:456 currently used nicotine patch 428:456 This study aimed to develop buccal films and wafers comprising HPMC and sodium alginate (SA) for potential use in nicotine replacement therapy via the buccal mucosa, as a cheap but effective alternative to currently used nicotine patch and chewing gum. 27222284 3 43 theme X-ray 602:606 arg1 diffractometry 608:621 X-ray diffractometry 602:621 X-ray diffractometry 602:621 The formulations were characterised using texture analyser (tensile and hardness, mucoadhesion), scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and swelling capacity. 27222284 7 44 theme composite 1319:1327 arg1 films 1329:1333 the HPMC-SA composite films 1307:1333 the HPMC-SA composite films which were non-porous 1307:1355 HPMC-SA composite wafers showed a porous internal morphology with higher mucoadhesion, swelling index and drug loading capacity compared to the HPMC-SA composite films which were non-porous. 27222284 7 44 theme composite 1319:1327 arg1 non-porous 1346:1355 non-porous 1346:1355 non-porous 1346:1355 HPMC-SA composite wafers showed a porous internal morphology with higher mucoadhesion, swelling index and drug loading capacity compared to the HPMC-SA composite films which were non-porous. 27222284 7 45 theme HPMC-SA 1167:1173 arg1 wafers 1185:1190 HPMC-SA composite wafers 1167:1190 HPMC-SA composite wafers 1167:1190 HPMC-SA composite wafers showed a porous internal morphology with higher mucoadhesion, swelling index and drug loading capacity compared to the HPMC-SA composite films which were non-porous. 27222284 7 46 theme HPMC-SA 1311:1317 arg1 films 1329:1333 the HPMC-SA composite films 1307:1333 the HPMC-SA composite films which were non-porous 1307:1355 HPMC-SA composite wafers showed a porous internal morphology with higher mucoadhesion, swelling index and drug loading capacity compared to the HPMC-SA composite films which were non-porous. 27222284 7 46 theme HPMC-SA 1311:1317 arg1 non-porous 1346:1355 non-porous 1346:1355 non-porous 1346:1355 HPMC-SA composite wafers showed a porous internal morphology with higher mucoadhesion, swelling index and drug loading capacity compared to the HPMC-SA composite films which were non-porous. 27222284 2 47 theme potential 319:327 arg1 use 329:331 potential use 319:331 potential use in nicotine replacement therapy 319:363 This study aimed to develop buccal films and wafers comprising HPMC and sodium alginate (SA) for potential use in nicotine replacement therapy via the buccal mucosa, as a cheap but effective alternative to currently used nicotine patch and chewing gum. 27222284 0 48 theme buccal 41:46 arg1 formulations 48:59 buccal formulations 41:59 buccal formulations for nicotine replacement therapy 41:92 Composite HPMC and sodium alginate based buccal formulations for nicotine replacement therapy. 27222284 4 49 theme content 806:812 arg1 HPLC 826:829 HPLC 826:829 HPLC 826:829 Drug loaded films and wafers were characterised for content uniformity (HPLC) whilst the drug loaded wafers only were further characterised for in vitro drug dissolution. 27222284 4 49 theme content 806:812 arg1 uniformity 814:823 content uniformity 806:823 content uniformity (HPLC) 806:830 Drug loaded films and wafers were characterised for content uniformity (HPLC) whilst the drug loaded wafers only were further characterised for in vitro drug dissolution. 27222284 1 50 from impact 196:201 arg1 countries 211:219 many countries 206:219 many countries 206:219 Smoking cessation is of current topical interest due to the significant negative health and economic impact in many countries. 27222284 1 51 theme current 119:125 arg1 interest 135:142 current topical interest 119:142 current topical interest 119:142 Smoking cessation is of current topical interest due to the significant negative health and economic impact in many countries. 27222284 4 52 dep loaded 848:853 arg1 drug 843:846 drug 843:846 drug 843:846 Drug loaded films and wafers were characterised for content uniformity (HPLC) whilst the drug loaded wafers only were further characterised for in vitro drug dissolution. 27222284 7 53 theme drug 1273:1276 arg1 capacity 1286:1293 drug loading capacity 1273:1293 drug loading capacity 1273:1293 HPMC-SA composite wafers showed a porous internal morphology with higher mucoadhesion, swelling index and drug loading capacity compared to the HPMC-SA composite films which were non-porous. 27222284 8 54 theme potential 1385:1393 arg1 use 1395:1397 the potential use 1381:1397 the potential use of composite HPMC-SA wafers in the buccal delivery nicotine 1381:1457 The study demonstrates the potential use of composite HPMC-SA wafers in the buccal delivery nicotine. 27222284 1 55 theme topical 127:133 arg1 interest 135:142 current topical interest 119:142 current topical interest 119:142 Smoking cessation is of current topical interest due to the significant negative health and economic impact in many countries. 27222284 5 56 theme functional 954:963 arg1 properties 965:974 the functional properties 950:974 the functional properties of HPMC 950:982 SA modified and improved the functional properties of HPMC at optimum ratio of HPMC: SA of 1.25: 0.75. 27222284 8 57 theme buccal 1434:1439 arg1 nicotine 1450:1457 the buccal delivery nicotine 1430:1457 the buccal delivery nicotine 1430:1457 The study demonstrates the potential use of composite HPMC-SA wafers in the buccal delivery nicotine. 27222284 2 58 theme buccal 250:255 arg1 alternative 413:423 a cheap but effective alternative 391:423 a cheap but effective alternative to currently used nicotine patch and chewing gum 391:472 This study aimed to develop buccal films and wafers comprising HPMC and sodium alginate (SA) for potential use in nicotine replacement therapy via the buccal mucosa, as a cheap but effective alternative to currently used nicotine patch and chewing gum. 27222284 2 58 theme buccal 250:255 arg1 wafers 267:272 wafers 267:272 wafers 267:272 This study aimed to develop buccal films and wafers comprising HPMC and sodium alginate (SA) for potential use in nicotine replacement therapy via the buccal mucosa, as a cheap but effective alternative to currently used nicotine patch and chewing gum. 27222284 2 58 theme buccal 250:255 arg1 films 257:261 buccal films 250:261 buccal films 250:261 This study aimed to develop buccal films and wafers comprising HPMC and sodium alginate (SA) for potential use in nicotine replacement therapy via the buccal mucosa, as a cheap but effective alternative to currently used nicotine patch and chewing gum. 27222284 3 59 dep analyser 525:532 arg1 tensile 535:541 tensile and hardness 535:554 tensile 535:541 The formulations were characterised using texture analyser (tensile and hardness, mucoadhesion), scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and swelling capacity. 27222284 3 59 dep analyser 525:532 arg1 mucoadhesion 557:568 mucoadhesion 557:568 mucoadhesion 557:568 The formulations were characterised using texture analyser (tensile and hardness, mucoadhesion), scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and swelling capacity. 27222284 3 59 dep analyser 525:532 arg1 hardness 547:554 tensile and hardness 535:554 hardness 547:554 The formulations were characterised using texture analyser (tensile and hardness, mucoadhesion), scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and swelling capacity. 27222284 7 60 theme porous 1201:1206 arg1 morphology 1217:1226 a porous internal morphology 1199:1226 a porous internal morphology 1199:1226 HPMC-SA composite wafers showed a porous internal morphology with higher mucoadhesion, swelling index and drug loading capacity compared to the HPMC-SA composite films which were non-porous. 27222284 0 61 theme nicotine 65:72 arg1 therapy 86:92 nicotine replacement therapy 65:92 nicotine replacement therapy 65:92 Composite HPMC and sodium alginate based buccal formulations for nicotine replacement therapy. 27222284 5 62 theme 1.25 1016:1019 arg1 SA 1010:1011 SA 1010:1011 optimum ratio of HPMC: SA of 1.25: 0.75 987:1025 SA modified and improved the functional properties of HPMC at optimum ratio of HPMC: SA of 1.25: 0.75. 27222284 3 63 theme scanning 572:579 arg1 microscopy 590:599 scanning electron microscopy 572:599 scanning electron microscopy 572:599 The formulations were characterised using texture analyser (tensile and hardness, mucoadhesion), scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and swelling capacity. 27222284 2 64 theme replacement 345:355 arg1 therapy 357:363 nicotine replacement therapy 336:363 nicotine replacement therapy 336:363 This study aimed to develop buccal films and wafers comprising HPMC and sodium alginate (SA) for potential use in nicotine replacement therapy via the buccal mucosa, as a cheap but effective alternative to currently used nicotine patch and chewing gum. 27222284 5 65 theme HPMC 979:982 arg1 properties 965:974 the functional properties 950:974 the functional properties of HPMC 950:982 SA modified and improved the functional properties of HPMC at optimum ratio of HPMC: SA of 1.25: 0.75. 27222284 8 66 from use 1395:1397 arg1 nicotine 1450:1457 the buccal delivery nicotine 1430:1457 the buccal delivery nicotine 1430:1457 The study demonstrates the potential use of composite HPMC-SA wafers in the buccal delivery nicotine. 27222284 2 67 theme chewing 462:468 arg1 gum 470:472 chewing gum 462:472 chewing gum 462:472 This study aimed to develop buccal films and wafers comprising HPMC and sodium alginate (SA) for potential use in nicotine replacement therapy via the buccal mucosa, as a cheap but effective alternative to currently used nicotine patch and chewing gum. 27222284 3 68 theme electron 581:588 arg1 microscopy 590:599 scanning electron microscopy 572:599 scanning electron microscopy 572:599 The formulations were characterised using texture analyser (tensile and hardness, mucoadhesion), scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and swelling capacity. 27222284 6 69 theme mucoadhesive 1141:1152 arg1 performance 1154:1164 mucoadhesive performance 1141:1164 mucoadhesive performance 1141:1164 Generally, both films and wafers (blank and drug loaded) were amorphous in nature which impacted on swelling and mucoadhesive performance. 27222284 2 70 theme nicotine 336:343 arg1 therapy 357:363 nicotine replacement therapy 336:363 nicotine replacement therapy 336:363 This study aimed to develop buccal films and wafers comprising HPMC and sodium alginate (SA) for potential use in nicotine replacement therapy via the buccal mucosa, as a cheap but effective alternative to currently used nicotine patch and chewing gum. 27709432 6 0 theme double-bonded 1214:1226 arg1 carbon 1228:1233 double-bonded carbon and oxygen in amides 1214:1254 carbon 1228:1233 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy illustrated the susceptibility of -NH2 and double-bonded carbon and oxygen in amides to three types of NPs. 27709432 3 1 theme membrane 627:634 arg1 damage 636:641 membrane damage 627:641 membrane damage 627:641 Toxicity experiments revealed that soluble nanoparticles (NPs) (n-ZnO, n-CuO) demonstrated higher toxicity to cells and caused membrane damage. 27709432 6 2 theme carbon 1228:1233 arg1 susceptibility 1187:1200 the susceptibility 1183:1200 the susceptibility of -NH2 and double-bonded carbon and oxygen in amides to three types of NPs 1183:1276 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy illustrated the susceptibility of -NH2 and double-bonded carbon and oxygen in amides to three types of NPs. 27709432 2 3 theme aeruginosa 488:497 arg1 EPS 478:480 EPS 478:480 EPS of M. aeruginosa 478:497 Here, we analyzed the effects of 48-h exposure to nanosized CeO2 (n-CeO2), CuO (n-CuO), and ZnO (n-ZnO) on the production and composition of EPS of M. aeruginosa. 27709432 0 4 dep production 104:113 arg1 the 100:102 the 100:102 the 100:102 Effects of CeO2, CuO, and ZnO nanoparticles on physiological features of Microcystis aeruginosa and the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances. 27709432 4 5 theme humic 900:904 arg1 acids 906:910 humic acids 900:910 humic acids 900:910 The production of LB-EPS increased by 34.48, 20.09, and 46.33 %, and TB-EPS increased by -5.78, 22.3, and -2.67 % in the presence of n-CeO2, n-CuO, and n-ZnO NPs, respectively, and polysaccharides are the main incremental portion compared with protein and humic acids. 27709432 0 6 theme physiological 47:59 arg1 features 61:68 physiological features 47:68 physiological features of Microcystis aeruginosa 47:94 Effects of CeO2, CuO, and ZnO nanoparticles on physiological features of Microcystis aeruginosa and the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances. 27709432 7 7 theme formation 1403:1411 arg1 process 1413:1419 formation process 1403:1419 formation process 1403:1419 These results improve our understanding of the potential influence of NPs on the aggregation behaviors of cyanobacteria and formation process of cyanobacteria blooms. 27709432 5 8 from TB-EPS 1071:1076 arg1 disappearance 1022:1034 disappearance 1022:1034 disappearance 1022:1034 Three-dimensional excitation-emission fluorescence spectra revealed the enhancement of fulvic-humic-like and disappearance of tyrosine aromatic substances in TB-EPS compared with the slight changes observed in LB-EPS. 27709432 5 8 from TB-EPS 1071:1076 arg1 fulvic-humic-like 1000:1016 fulvic-humic-like 1000:1016 fulvic-humic-like 1000:1016 Three-dimensional excitation-emission fluorescence spectra revealed the enhancement of fulvic-humic-like and disappearance of tyrosine aromatic substances in TB-EPS compared with the slight changes observed in LB-EPS. 27709432 6 9 theme -NH2 1205:1208 arg1 susceptibility 1187:1200 the susceptibility 1183:1200 the susceptibility of -NH2 and double-bonded carbon and oxygen in amides to three types of NPs 1183:1276 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy illustrated the susceptibility of -NH2 and double-bonded carbon and oxygen in amides to three types of NPs. 27709432 8 10 theme Graphical 1446:1454 arg1 abstract 1456:1463 Graphical abstract 1446:1463 Graphical abstract 1446:1463 Graphical abstract ᅟ. 27709432 4 11 theme NPs 802:804 arg1 presence 765:772 the presence 761:772 the presence of n-CeO2, n-CuO, and n-ZnO NPs, respectively 761:818 The production of LB-EPS increased by 34.48, 20.09, and 46.33 %, and TB-EPS increased by -5.78, 22.3, and -2.67 % in the presence of n-CeO2, n-CuO, and n-ZnO NPs, respectively, and polysaccharides are the main incremental portion compared with protein and humic acids. 27709432 0 12 from Effects 0:6 arg1 features 61:68 physiological features 47:68 physiological features of Microcystis aeruginosa 47:94 Effects of CeO2, CuO, and ZnO nanoparticles on physiological features of Microcystis aeruginosa and the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances. 27709432 0 12 from Effects 0:6 arg1 production 104:113 production 104:113 production 104:113 Effects of CeO2, CuO, and ZnO nanoparticles on physiological features of Microcystis aeruginosa and the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances. 27709432 1 13 theme aeruginosa 264:273 arg1 substances 194:203 Extracellular polymeric substances 170:203 Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 170:209 Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are key components of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa and play an important role in cyanobacteria blooms formation. 27709432 1 13 theme aeruginosa 264:273 arg1 components 219:228 key components 215:228 key components of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa 215:273 Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are key components of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa and play an important role in cyanobacteria blooms formation. 27709432 4 14 theme LB-EPS 662:667 arg1 production 648:657 The production 644:657 The production of LB-EPS 644:667 The production of LB-EPS increased by 34.48, 20.09, and 46.33 %, and TB-EPS increased by -5.78, 22.3, and -2.67 % in the presence of n-CeO2, n-CuO, and n-ZnO NPs, respectively, and polysaccharides are the main incremental portion compared with protein and humic acids. 27709432 7 15 theme cyanobacteria 1385:1397 arg1 behaviors 1372:1380 the aggregation behaviors 1356:1380 the aggregation behaviors of cyanobacteria and formation process of cyanobacteria blooms 1356:1443 These results improve our understanding of the potential influence of NPs on the aggregation behaviors of cyanobacteria and formation process of cyanobacteria blooms. 27709432 5 16 from substances 1057:1066 arg1 TB-EPS 1071:1076 TB-EPS 1071:1076 TB-EPS 1071:1076 Three-dimensional excitation-emission fluorescence spectra revealed the enhancement of fulvic-humic-like and disappearance of tyrosine aromatic substances in TB-EPS compared with the slight changes observed in LB-EPS. 27709432 7 17 theme aggregation 1360:1370 arg1 behaviors 1372:1380 the aggregation behaviors 1356:1380 the aggregation behaviors of cyanobacteria and formation process of cyanobacteria blooms 1356:1443 These results improve our understanding of the potential influence of NPs on the aggregation behaviors of cyanobacteria and formation process of cyanobacteria blooms. 27709432 7 18 theme influence 1336:1344 arg1 understanding 1305:1317 our understanding 1301:1317 our understanding of the potential influence of NPs on the aggregation behaviors of cyanobacteria and formation process of cyanobacteria blooms 1301:1443 These results improve our understanding of the potential influence of NPs on the aggregation behaviors of cyanobacteria and formation process of cyanobacteria blooms. 27709432 7 19 theme NPs 1349:1351 arg1 influence 1336:1344 the potential influence 1322:1344 the potential influence of NPs on the aggregation behaviors of cyanobacteria and formation process of cyanobacteria blooms 1322:1443 These results improve our understanding of the potential influence of NPs on the aggregation behaviors of cyanobacteria and formation process of cyanobacteria blooms. 27709432 1 20 theme polymeric 184:192 arg1 EPS 206:208 EPS 206:208 EPS 206:208 Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are key components of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa and play an important role in cyanobacteria blooms formation. 27709432 1 20 theme polymeric 184:192 arg1 substances 194:203 Extracellular polymeric substances 170:203 Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 170:209 Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are key components of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa and play an important role in cyanobacteria blooms formation. 27709432 1 20 theme polymeric 184:192 arg1 components 219:228 key components 215:228 key components of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa 215:273 Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are key components of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa and play an important role in cyanobacteria blooms formation. 27709432 2 21 theme nanosized 387:395 arg1 n-CeO2 403:408 n-CeO2 403:408 n-CeO2 403:408 Here, we analyzed the effects of 48-h exposure to nanosized CeO2 (n-CeO2), CuO (n-CuO), and ZnO (n-ZnO) on the production and composition of EPS of M. aeruginosa. 27709432 2 21 theme nanosized 387:395 arg1 CeO2 397:400 nanosized CeO2 387:400 nanosized CeO2 (n-CeO2) 387:409 Here, we analyzed the effects of 48-h exposure to nanosized CeO2 (n-CeO2), CuO (n-CuO), and ZnO (n-ZnO) on the production and composition of EPS of M. aeruginosa. 27709432 0 22 theme aeruginosa 85:94 arg1 features 61:68 physiological features 47:68 physiological features of Microcystis aeruginosa 47:94 Effects of CeO2, CuO, and ZnO nanoparticles on physiological features of Microcystis aeruginosa and the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances. 27709432 0 22 theme aeruginosa 85:94 arg1 production 104:113 production 104:113 production 104:113 Effects of CeO2, CuO, and ZnO nanoparticles on physiological features of Microcystis aeruginosa and the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances. 27709432 0 22 theme aeruginosa 85:94 arg1 composition 119:129 composition 119:129 composition 119:129 Effects of CeO2, CuO, and ZnO nanoparticles on physiological features of Microcystis aeruginosa and the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances. 27709432 5 23 theme disappearance 1022:1034 arg1 enhancement 985:995 the enhancement 981:995 the enhancement of fulvic-humic-like and disappearance of tyrosine aromatic substances in TB-EPS 981:1076 Three-dimensional excitation-emission fluorescence spectra revealed the enhancement of fulvic-humic-like and disappearance of tyrosine aromatic substances in TB-EPS compared with the slight changes observed in LB-EPS. 27709432 1 24 theme Extracellular 170:182 arg1 EPS 206:208 EPS 206:208 EPS 206:208 Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are key components of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa and play an important role in cyanobacteria blooms formation. 27709432 1 24 theme Extracellular 170:182 arg1 substances 194:203 Extracellular polymeric substances 170:203 Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 170:209 Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are key components of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa and play an important role in cyanobacteria blooms formation. 27709432 1 24 theme Extracellular 170:182 arg1 components 219:228 key components 215:228 key components of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa 215:273 Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are key components of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa and play an important role in cyanobacteria blooms formation. 27709432 7 25 from behaviors 1372:1380 arg1 understanding 1305:1317 our understanding 1301:1317 our understanding of the potential influence of NPs on the aggregation behaviors of cyanobacteria and formation process of cyanobacteria blooms 1301:1443 These results improve our understanding of the potential influence of NPs on the aggregation behaviors of cyanobacteria and formation process of cyanobacteria blooms. 27709432 5 26 theme fulvic-humic-like 1000:1016 arg1 enhancement 985:995 the enhancement 981:995 the enhancement of fulvic-humic-like and disappearance of tyrosine aromatic substances in TB-EPS 981:1076 Three-dimensional excitation-emission fluorescence spectra revealed the enhancement of fulvic-humic-like and disappearance of tyrosine aromatic substances in TB-EPS compared with the slight changes observed in LB-EPS. 27709432 3 27 theme Toxicity 500:507 arg1 experiments 509:519 Toxicity experiments 500:519 Toxicity experiments 500:519 Toxicity experiments revealed that soluble nanoparticles (NPs) (n-ZnO, n-CuO) demonstrated higher toxicity to cells and caused membrane damage. 27709432 6 28 theme in 1246:1247 arg1 amides 1249:1254 double-bonded carbon and oxygen in amides 1214:1254 amides 1249:1254 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy illustrated the susceptibility of -NH2 and double-bonded carbon and oxygen in amides to three types of NPs. 27709432 2 29 theme exposure 375:382 arg1 effects 359:365 the effects 355:365 the effects of 48-h exposure to nanosized CeO2 (n-CeO2), CuO (n-CuO), and ZnO (n-ZnO) on the production and composition of EPS of M. aeruginosa 355:497 Here, we analyzed the effects of 48-h exposure to nanosized CeO2 (n-CeO2), CuO (n-CuO), and ZnO (n-ZnO) on the production and composition of EPS of M. aeruginosa. 27709432 5 30 from fulvic-humic-like 1000:1016 arg1 TB-EPS 1071:1076 TB-EPS 1071:1076 TB-EPS 1071:1076 Three-dimensional excitation-emission fluorescence spectra revealed the enhancement of fulvic-humic-like and disappearance of tyrosine aromatic substances in TB-EPS compared with the slight changes observed in LB-EPS. 27709432 5 31 theme Three-dimensional 913:929 arg1 spectra 964:970 Three-dimensional excitation-emission fluorescence spectra 913:970 Three-dimensional excitation-emission fluorescence spectra 913:970 Three-dimensional excitation-emission fluorescence spectra revealed the enhancement of fulvic-humic-like and disappearance of tyrosine aromatic substances in TB-EPS compared with the slight changes observed in LB-EPS. 27709432 7 32 theme cyanobacteria 1424:1436 arg1 blooms 1438:1443 cyanobacteria blooms 1424:1443 cyanobacteria blooms 1424:1443 These results improve our understanding of the potential influence of NPs on the aggregation behaviors of cyanobacteria and formation process of cyanobacteria blooms. 27709432 2 33 theme 48-h 370:373 arg1 exposure 375:382 48-h exposure 370:382 48-h exposure to nanosized CeO2 (n-CeO2), CuO (n-CuO), and ZnO (n-ZnO) 370:439 Here, we analyzed the effects of 48-h exposure to nanosized CeO2 (n-CeO2), CuO (n-CuO), and ZnO (n-ZnO) on the production and composition of EPS of M. aeruginosa. 27709432 6 34 theme oxygen 1239:1244 arg1 amides 1249:1254 double-bonded carbon and oxygen in amides 1214:1254 amides 1249:1254 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy illustrated the susceptibility of -NH2 and double-bonded carbon and oxygen in amides to three types of NPs. 27709432 2 35 dep production 448:457 arg1 the 444:446 the 444:446 the 444:446 Here, we analyzed the effects of 48-h exposure to nanosized CeO2 (n-CeO2), CuO (n-CuO), and ZnO (n-ZnO) on the production and composition of EPS of M. aeruginosa. 27709432 2 36 from effects 359:365 arg1 production 448:457 production 448:457 production 448:457 Here, we analyzed the effects of 48-h exposure to nanosized CeO2 (n-CeO2), CuO (n-CuO), and ZnO (n-ZnO) on the production and composition of EPS of M. aeruginosa. 27709432 2 36 from effects 359:365 arg1 composition 463:473 composition 463:473 composition 463:473 Here, we analyzed the effects of 48-h exposure to nanosized CeO2 (n-CeO2), CuO (n-CuO), and ZnO (n-ZnO) on the production and composition of EPS of M. aeruginosa. 27709432 0 37 theme CeO2 11:14 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of CeO2, CuO, and ZnO nanoparticles on physiological features of Microcystis aeruginosa and the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances. 0:168 Effects of CeO2, CuO, and ZnO nanoparticles on physiological features of Microcystis aeruginosa and the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances. 27709432 1 38 theme important 287:295 arg1 role 297:300 an important role 284:300 an important role 284:300 Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are key components of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa and play an important role in cyanobacteria blooms formation. 27709432 5 39 theme excitation-emission 931:949 arg1 spectra 964:970 Three-dimensional excitation-emission fluorescence spectra 913:970 Three-dimensional excitation-emission fluorescence spectra 913:970 Three-dimensional excitation-emission fluorescence spectra revealed the enhancement of fulvic-humic-like and disappearance of tyrosine aromatic substances in TB-EPS compared with the slight changes observed in LB-EPS. 27709432 7 40 theme potential 1326:1334 arg1 influence 1336:1344 the potential influence 1322:1344 the potential influence of NPs on the aggregation behaviors of cyanobacteria and formation process of cyanobacteria blooms 1322:1443 These results improve our understanding of the potential influence of NPs on the aggregation behaviors of cyanobacteria and formation process of cyanobacteria blooms. 27709432 7 41 from understanding 1305:1317 arg1 behaviors 1372:1380 the aggregation behaviors 1356:1380 the aggregation behaviors of cyanobacteria and formation process of cyanobacteria blooms 1356:1443 These results improve our understanding of the potential influence of NPs on the aggregation behaviors of cyanobacteria and formation process of cyanobacteria blooms. 27709432 4 42 theme main 849:852 arg1 portion 866:872 the main incremental portion 845:872 the main incremental portion compared with protein and humic acids 845:910 The production of LB-EPS increased by 34.48, 20.09, and 46.33 %, and TB-EPS increased by -5.78, 22.3, and -2.67 % in the presence of n-CeO2, n-CuO, and n-ZnO NPs, respectively, and polysaccharides are the main incremental portion compared with protein and humic acids. 27709432 4 42 theme main 849:852 arg1 polysaccharides 825:839 polysaccharides 825:839 polysaccharides 825:839 The production of LB-EPS increased by 34.48, 20.09, and 46.33 %, and TB-EPS increased by -5.78, 22.3, and -2.67 % in the presence of n-CeO2, n-CuO, and n-ZnO NPs, respectively, and polysaccharides are the main incremental portion compared with protein and humic acids. 27709432 5 43 theme slight 1096:1101 arg1 changes 1103:1109 the slight changes 1092:1109 the slight changes observed in LB-EPS 1092:1128 Three-dimensional excitation-emission fluorescence spectra revealed the enhancement of fulvic-humic-like and disappearance of tyrosine aromatic substances in TB-EPS compared with the slight changes observed in LB-EPS. 27709432 2 44 theme EPS 478:480 arg1 production 448:457 production 448:457 production 448:457 Here, we analyzed the effects of 48-h exposure to nanosized CeO2 (n-CeO2), CuO (n-CuO), and ZnO (n-ZnO) on the production and composition of EPS of M. aeruginosa. 27709432 2 44 theme EPS 478:480 arg1 composition 463:473 composition 463:473 composition 463:473 Here, we analyzed the effects of 48-h exposure to nanosized CeO2 (n-CeO2), CuO (n-CuO), and ZnO (n-ZnO) on the production and composition of EPS of M. aeruginosa. 27709432 5 45 theme fluorescence 951:962 arg1 spectra 964:970 Three-dimensional excitation-emission fluorescence spectra 913:970 Three-dimensional excitation-emission fluorescence spectra 913:970 Three-dimensional excitation-emission fluorescence spectra revealed the enhancement of fulvic-humic-like and disappearance of tyrosine aromatic substances in TB-EPS compared with the slight changes observed in LB-EPS. 27709432 3 46 theme soluble 535:541 arg1 NPs 558:560 NPs 558:560 NPs 558:560 Toxicity experiments revealed that soluble nanoparticles (NPs) (n-ZnO, n-CuO) demonstrated higher toxicity to cells and caused membrane damage. 27709432 3 46 theme soluble 535:541 arg1 nanoparticles 543:555 soluble nanoparticles 535:555 soluble nanoparticles (NPs) (n-ZnO, n-CuO) 535:576 Toxicity experiments revealed that soluble nanoparticles (NPs) (n-ZnO, n-CuO) demonstrated higher toxicity to cells and caused membrane damage. 27709432 3 47 dep nanoparticles 543:555 arg1 n-CuO 571:575 n-CuO 571:575 n-CuO 571:575 Toxicity experiments revealed that soluble nanoparticles (NPs) (n-ZnO, n-CuO) demonstrated higher toxicity to cells and caused membrane damage. 27709432 3 47 dep nanoparticles 543:555 arg1 n-ZnO 564:568 n-ZnO 564:568 n-ZnO 564:568 Toxicity experiments revealed that soluble nanoparticles (NPs) (n-ZnO, n-CuO) demonstrated higher toxicity to cells and caused membrane damage. 27709432 0 48 theme CuO 17:19 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of CeO2, CuO, and ZnO nanoparticles on physiological features of Microcystis aeruginosa and the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances. 0:168 Effects of CeO2, CuO, and ZnO nanoparticles on physiological features of Microcystis aeruginosa and the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances. 27709432 5 49 theme aromatic 1048:1055 arg1 substances 1057:1066 tyrosine aromatic substances 1039:1066 tyrosine aromatic substances in TB-EPS 1039:1076 Three-dimensional excitation-emission fluorescence spectra revealed the enhancement of fulvic-humic-like and disappearance of tyrosine aromatic substances in TB-EPS compared with the slight changes observed in LB-EPS. 27709432 6 50 theme infrared 1149:1156 arg1 spectroscopy 1158:1169 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy 1131:1169 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy 1131:1169 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy illustrated the susceptibility of -NH2 and double-bonded carbon and oxygen in amides to three types of NPs. 27709432 6 51 theme NPs 1274:1276 arg1 types 1265:1269 three types 1259:1269 three types of NPs 1259:1276 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy illustrated the susceptibility of -NH2 and double-bonded carbon and oxygen in amides to three types of NPs. 27709432 0 52 theme ZnO 26:28 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of CeO2, CuO, and ZnO nanoparticles on physiological features of Microcystis aeruginosa and the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances. 0:168 Effects of CeO2, CuO, and ZnO nanoparticles on physiological features of Microcystis aeruginosa and the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances. 27709432 1 53 theme cyanobacteria 305:317 arg1 formation 326:334 cyanobacteria blooms formation 305:334 cyanobacteria blooms formation 305:334 Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are key components of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa and play an important role in cyanobacteria blooms formation. 27709432 0 54 theme extracellular 134:146 arg1 substances 158:167 extracellular polymeric substances 134:167 extracellular polymeric substances 134:167 Effects of CeO2, CuO, and ZnO nanoparticles on physiological features of Microcystis aeruginosa and the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances. 27709432 6 55 theme Fourier-transform 1131:1147 arg1 spectroscopy 1158:1169 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy 1131:1169 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy 1131:1169 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy illustrated the susceptibility of -NH2 and double-bonded carbon and oxygen in amides to three types of NPs. 27709432 4 56 theme n-CeO2 777:782 arg1 presence 765:772 the presence 761:772 the presence of n-CeO2, n-CuO, and n-ZnO NPs, respectively 761:818 The production of LB-EPS increased by 34.48, 20.09, and 46.33 %, and TB-EPS increased by -5.78, 22.3, and -2.67 % in the presence of n-CeO2, n-CuO, and n-ZnO NPs, respectively, and polysaccharides are the main incremental portion compared with protein and humic acids. 27709432 4 57 theme incremental 854:864 arg1 portion 866:872 the main incremental portion 845:872 the main incremental portion compared with protein and humic acids 845:910 The production of LB-EPS increased by 34.48, 20.09, and 46.33 %, and TB-EPS increased by -5.78, 22.3, and -2.67 % in the presence of n-CeO2, n-CuO, and n-ZnO NPs, respectively, and polysaccharides are the main incremental portion compared with protein and humic acids. 27709432 4 57 theme incremental 854:864 arg1 polysaccharides 825:839 polysaccharides 825:839 polysaccharides 825:839 The production of LB-EPS increased by 34.48, 20.09, and 46.33 %, and TB-EPS increased by -5.78, 22.3, and -2.67 % in the presence of n-CeO2, n-CuO, and n-ZnO NPs, respectively, and polysaccharides are the main incremental portion compared with protein and humic acids. 27709432 1 58 theme blooms 319:324 arg1 formation 326:334 cyanobacteria blooms formation 305:334 cyanobacteria blooms formation 305:334 Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are key components of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa and play an important role in cyanobacteria blooms formation. 27709432 4 59 theme n-CuO 785:789 arg1 presence 765:772 the presence 761:772 the presence of n-CeO2, n-CuO, and n-ZnO NPs, respectively 761:818 The production of LB-EPS increased by 34.48, 20.09, and 46.33 %, and TB-EPS increased by -5.78, 22.3, and -2.67 % in the presence of n-CeO2, n-CuO, and n-ZnO NPs, respectively, and polysaccharides are the main incremental portion compared with protein and humic acids. 27709432 0 60 theme substances 158:167 arg1 features 61:68 physiological features 47:68 physiological features of Microcystis aeruginosa 47:94 Effects of CeO2, CuO, and ZnO nanoparticles on physiological features of Microcystis aeruginosa and the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances. 27709432 0 60 theme substances 158:167 arg1 production 104:113 production 104:113 production 104:113 Effects of CeO2, CuO, and ZnO nanoparticles on physiological features of Microcystis aeruginosa and the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances. 27709432 0 60 theme substances 158:167 arg1 composition 119:129 composition 119:129 composition 119:129 Effects of CeO2, CuO, and ZnO nanoparticles on physiological features of Microcystis aeruginosa and the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances. 27709432 5 61 located observed 1111:1118 arg2 changes 1103:1109 the slight changes 1092:1109 the slight changes observed in LB-EPS 1092:1128 Three-dimensional excitation-emission fluorescence spectra revealed the enhancement of fulvic-humic-like and disappearance of tyrosine aromatic substances in TB-EPS compared with the slight changes observed in LB-EPS. 27709432 5 61 located observed 1111:1118 arg1 LB-EPS 1123:1128 LB-EPS 1123:1128 LB-EPS 1123:1128 Three-dimensional excitation-emission fluorescence spectra revealed the enhancement of fulvic-humic-like and disappearance of tyrosine aromatic substances in TB-EPS compared with the slight changes observed in LB-EPS. 27709432 7 62 theme process 1413:1419 arg1 behaviors 1372:1380 the aggregation behaviors 1356:1380 the aggregation behaviors of cyanobacteria and formation process of cyanobacteria blooms 1356:1443 These results improve our understanding of the potential influence of NPs on the aggregation behaviors of cyanobacteria and formation process of cyanobacteria blooms. 27709432 1 63 theme key 215:217 arg1 substances 194:203 Extracellular polymeric substances 170:203 Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 170:209 Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are key components of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa and play an important role in cyanobacteria blooms formation. 27709432 1 63 theme key 215:217 arg1 components 219:228 key components 215:228 key components of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa 215:273 Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are key components of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa and play an important role in cyanobacteria blooms formation. 27709432 0 64 theme polymeric 148:156 arg1 substances 158:167 extracellular polymeric substances 134:167 extracellular polymeric substances 134:167 Effects of CeO2, CuO, and ZnO nanoparticles on physiological features of Microcystis aeruginosa and the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances. 27709432 7 65 theme blooms 1438:1443 arg1 cyanobacteria 1385:1397 cyanobacteria 1385:1397 cyanobacteria 1385:1397 These results improve our understanding of the potential influence of NPs on the aggregation behaviors of cyanobacteria and formation process of cyanobacteria blooms. 27709432 7 65 theme blooms 1438:1443 arg1 process 1413:1419 formation process 1403:1419 formation process 1403:1419 These results improve our understanding of the potential influence of NPs on the aggregation behaviors of cyanobacteria and formation process of cyanobacteria blooms. 27709432 0 66 dep CeO2 11:14 arg1 nanoparticles 30:42 nanoparticles 30:42 nanoparticles 30:42 Effects of CeO2, CuO, and ZnO nanoparticles on physiological features of Microcystis aeruginosa and the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances. 27709432 7 67 from influence 1336:1344 arg1 behaviors 1372:1380 the aggregation behaviors 1356:1380 the aggregation behaviors of cyanobacteria and formation process of cyanobacteria blooms 1356:1443 These results improve our understanding of the potential influence of NPs on the aggregation behaviors of cyanobacteria and formation process of cyanobacteria blooms. 27709432 3 68 theme higher 591:596 arg1 toxicity 598:605 higher toxicity 591:605 higher toxicity to cells 591:614 Toxicity experiments revealed that soluble nanoparticles (NPs) (n-ZnO, n-CuO) demonstrated higher toxicity to cells and caused membrane damage. 27709432 5 69 theme tyrosine 1039:1046 arg1 substances 1057:1066 tyrosine aromatic substances 1039:1066 tyrosine aromatic substances in TB-EPS 1039:1076 Three-dimensional excitation-emission fluorescence spectra revealed the enhancement of fulvic-humic-like and disappearance of tyrosine aromatic substances in TB-EPS compared with the slight changes observed in LB-EPS. 27709432 5 70 from disappearance 1022:1034 arg1 TB-EPS 1071:1076 TB-EPS 1071:1076 TB-EPS 1071:1076 Three-dimensional excitation-emission fluorescence spectra revealed the enhancement of fulvic-humic-like and disappearance of tyrosine aromatic substances in TB-EPS compared with the slight changes observed in LB-EPS. 27709432 5 71 theme substances 1057:1066 arg1 disappearance 1022:1034 disappearance 1022:1034 disappearance 1022:1034 Three-dimensional excitation-emission fluorescence spectra revealed the enhancement of fulvic-humic-like and disappearance of tyrosine aromatic substances in TB-EPS compared with the slight changes observed in LB-EPS. 27709432 5 71 theme substances 1057:1066 arg1 fulvic-humic-like 1000:1016 fulvic-humic-like 1000:1016 fulvic-humic-like 1000:1016 Three-dimensional excitation-emission fluorescence spectra revealed the enhancement of fulvic-humic-like and disappearance of tyrosine aromatic substances in TB-EPS compared with the slight changes observed in LB-EPS. 27709432 4 72 theme n-ZnO 796:800 arg1 NPs 802:804 n-ZnO NPs 796:804 n-ZnO NPs 796:804 The production of LB-EPS increased by 34.48, 20.09, and 46.33 %, and TB-EPS increased by -5.78, 22.3, and -2.67 % in the presence of n-CeO2, n-CuO, and n-ZnO NPs, respectively, and polysaccharides are the main incremental portion compared with protein and humic acids. 28732917 1 0 from pH 282:283 arg1 recovery 356:363 maximal recovery 348:363 maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design 348:429 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 1 1 theme sonication 294:303 arg1 pH 282:283 pH 282:283 pH 282:283 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 1 1 theme sonication 294:303 arg1 power 269:273 ultrasound power 258:273 ultrasound power (USP) 258:279 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 1 1 theme sonication 294:303 arg1 ratio 314:318 ratio 314:318 ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design 314:429 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 1 1 theme sonication 294:303 arg1 time 286:289 time 286:289 time of sonication (TS) 286:308 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 1 1 theme sonication 294:303 arg1 USP 276:278 USP 276:278 USP 276:278 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 1 1 theme sonication 294:303 arg1 variables 247:255 the process variables 235:255 the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design 235:429 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 2 2 theme commercial 527:536 arg1 pectin 538:543 commercial pectin 527:543 commercial pectin 527:543 In addition to that, extracted pectin at optimal condition was characterized and compared with commercial pectin. 28732917 1 3 theme maximal 348:354 arg1 recovery 356:363 maximal recovery 348:363 maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design 348:429 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 1 4 from recovery 356:363 arg1 pH 282:283 pH 282:283 pH 282:283 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 1 4 from recovery 356:363 arg1 power 269:273 ultrasound power 258:273 ultrasound power (USP) 258:279 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 1 4 from recovery 356:363 arg1 ratio 314:318 ratio 314:318 ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design 314:429 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 1 4 from recovery 356:363 arg1 time 286:289 time 286:289 time of sonication (TS) 286:308 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 1 4 from recovery 356:363 arg1 USP 276:278 USP 276:278 USP 276:278 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 1 4 from recovery 356:363 arg1 variables 247:255 the process variables 235:255 the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design 235:429 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 1 5 theme process 239:245 arg1 pH 282:283 pH 282:283 pH 282:283 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 1 5 theme process 239:245 arg1 time 286:289 time 286:289 time of sonication (TS) 286:308 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 1 5 theme process 239:245 arg1 variables 247:255 the process variables 235:255 the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design 235:429 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 1 5 theme process 239:245 arg1 power 269:273 ultrasound power 258:273 ultrasound power (USP) 258:279 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 1 5 theme process 239:245 arg1 ratio 314:318 ratio 314:318 ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design 314:429 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 0 6 theme annus 109:113 arg1 extraction 42:51 Ultrasound assisted pectic polysaccharide extraction 0:51 Ultrasound assisted pectic polysaccharide extraction 0:51 Ultrasound assisted pectic polysaccharide extraction and its characterization from waste heads of Helianthus annus. 28732917 0 6 theme annus 109:113 arg1 characterization 61:76 its characterization 57:76 its characterization 57:76 Ultrasound assisted pectic polysaccharide extraction and its characterization from waste heads of Helianthus annus. 28732917 3 7 theme 3.2 610:612 arg1 RSL 631:633 RSL 631:633 RSL of 1:15g/ml 631:645 The optimal extraction process condition was USP of 375w, pH of 3.2, TS of 32min and RSL of 1:15g/ml. 28732917 3 7 theme 3.2 610:612 arg1 USP 591:593 USP 591:593 USP of 375w 591:601 The optimal extraction process condition was USP of 375w, pH of 3.2, TS of 32min and RSL of 1:15g/ml. 28732917 3 7 theme 3.2 610:612 arg1 TS 615:616 TS 615:616 TS of 32min 615:625 The optimal extraction process condition was USP of 375w, pH of 3.2, TS of 32min and RSL of 1:15g/ml. 28732917 3 7 theme 3.2 610:612 arg1 condition 577:585 The optimal extraction process condition 546:585 The optimal extraction process condition 546:585 The optimal extraction process condition was USP of 375w, pH of 3.2, TS of 32min and RSL of 1:15g/ml. 28732917 3 7 theme 3.2 610:612 arg1 pH 604:605 pH 604:605 pH of 3.2 604:612 The optimal extraction process condition was USP of 375w, pH of 3.2, TS of 32min and RSL of 1:15g/ml. 28732917 4 8 theme pectin 666:671 arg1 yield 673:677 Mean experimental pectin yield 648:677 Mean experimental pectin yield of 8.89±0.024% 648:692 Mean experimental pectin yield of 8.89±0.024% was well accord with predicted pectin yield (8.91%). 28732917 5 9 theme commercial 889:898 arg1 pectin 900:905 commercial pectin 889:905 commercial pectin 889:905 Analysis of chemical composition and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of extracted pectin did not show any significant difference with commercial pectin. 28732917 4 10 theme experimental 653:664 arg1 yield 673:677 Mean experimental pectin yield 648:677 Mean experimental pectin yield of 8.89±0.024% 648:692 Mean experimental pectin yield of 8.89±0.024% was well accord with predicted pectin yield (8.91%). 28732917 7 11 theme Morphological 1004:1016 arg1 analysis 1018:1025 Morphological analysis 1004:1025 Morphological analysis 1004:1025 Morphological analysis was performed on fresh and extracted samples using scanning electron microscopy. 28732917 1 12 theme pectin 368:373 arg1 recovery 356:363 maximal recovery 348:363 maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design 348:429 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 5 13 theme significant 861:871 arg1 difference 873:882 any significant difference 857:882 any significant difference 857:882 Analysis of chemical composition and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of extracted pectin did not show any significant difference with commercial pectin. 28732917 6 14 theme commercial 985:994 arg1 pectin 996:1001 commercial pectin 985:1001 commercial pectin 985:1001 XRD analysis illustrated a similar crystalline profile in both extracted and commercial pectin. 28732917 1 15 from ratio 314:318 arg1 recovery 356:363 maximal recovery 348:363 maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design 348:429 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 0 16 theme assisted 11:18 arg1 extraction 42:51 Ultrasound assisted pectic polysaccharide extraction 0:51 Ultrasound assisted pectic polysaccharide extraction 0:51 Ultrasound assisted pectic polysaccharide extraction and its characterization from waste heads of Helianthus annus. 28732917 3 17 theme 32min 621:625 arg1 RSL 631:633 RSL 631:633 RSL of 1:15g/ml 631:645 The optimal extraction process condition was USP of 375w, pH of 3.2, TS of 32min and RSL of 1:15g/ml. 28732917 3 17 theme 32min 621:625 arg1 USP 591:593 USP 591:593 USP of 375w 591:601 The optimal extraction process condition was USP of 375w, pH of 3.2, TS of 32min and RSL of 1:15g/ml. 28732917 3 17 theme 32min 621:625 arg1 TS 615:616 TS 615:616 TS of 32min 615:625 The optimal extraction process condition was USP of 375w, pH of 3.2, TS of 32min and RSL of 1:15g/ml. 28732917 3 17 theme 32min 621:625 arg1 condition 577:585 The optimal extraction process condition 546:585 The optimal extraction process condition 546:585 The optimal extraction process condition was USP of 375w, pH of 3.2, TS of 32min and RSL of 1:15g/ml. 28732917 3 17 theme 32min 621:625 arg1 pH 604:605 pH 604:605 pH of 3.2 604:612 The optimal extraction process condition was USP of 375w, pH of 3.2, TS of 32min and RSL of 1:15g/ml. 28732917 1 18 theme central 381:387 arg1 design 424:429 central composite statistical experimental design 381:429 central composite statistical experimental design 381:429 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 5 19 theme extracted 827:835 arg1 pectin 837:842 extracted pectin 827:842 extracted pectin 827:842 Analysis of chemical composition and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of extracted pectin did not show any significant difference with commercial pectin. 28732917 0 20 theme Ultrasound 0:9 arg1 extraction 42:51 Ultrasound assisted pectic polysaccharide extraction 0:51 Ultrasound assisted pectic polysaccharide extraction 0:51 Ultrasound assisted pectic polysaccharide extraction and its characterization from waste heads of Helianthus annus. 28732917 1 21 theme ultrasound 258:267 arg1 USP 276:278 USP 276:278 USP 276:278 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 1 21 theme ultrasound 258:267 arg1 variables 247:255 the process variables 235:255 the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design 235:429 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 1 21 theme ultrasound 258:267 arg1 power 269:273 ultrasound power 258:273 ultrasound power (USP) 258:279 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 1 22 from power 269:273 arg1 recovery 356:363 maximal recovery 348:363 maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design 348:429 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 1 23 theme composite 389:397 arg1 design 424:429 central composite statistical experimental design 381:429 central composite statistical experimental design 381:429 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 5 24 theme pectin 837:842 arg1 spectroscopy 811:822 infrared spectroscopy 802:822 infrared spectroscopy of extracted pectin 802:842 Analysis of chemical composition and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of extracted pectin did not show any significant difference with commercial pectin. 28732917 1 25 theme waste 176:180 arg1 heads 182:186 waste heads 176:186 waste heads 176:186 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 0 26 theme polysaccharide 27:40 arg1 extraction 42:51 Ultrasound assisted pectic polysaccharide extraction 0:51 Ultrasound assisted pectic polysaccharide extraction 0:51 Ultrasound assisted pectic polysaccharide extraction and its characterization from waste heads of Helianthus annus. 28732917 2 27 theme optimal 473:479 arg1 condition 481:489 optimal condition 473:489 optimal condition 473:489 In addition to that, extracted pectin at optimal condition was characterized and compared with commercial pectin. 28732917 1 28 theme statistical 399:409 arg1 design 424:429 central composite statistical experimental design 381:429 central composite statistical experimental design 381:429 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 4 29 theme Mean 648:651 arg1 yield 673:677 Mean experimental pectin yield 648:677 Mean experimental pectin yield of 8.89±0.024% 648:692 Mean experimental pectin yield of 8.89±0.024% was well accord with predicted pectin yield (8.91%). 28732917 0 30 theme pectic 20:25 arg1 extraction 42:51 Ultrasound assisted pectic polysaccharide extraction 0:51 Ultrasound assisted pectic polysaccharide extraction 0:51 Ultrasound assisted pectic polysaccharide extraction and its characterization from waste heads of Helianthus annus. 28732917 5 31 theme Fourier 784:790 arg1 Analysis 747:754 Analysis 747:754 Analysis of chemical composition and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of extracted pectin 747:842 Analysis of chemical composition and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of extracted pectin did not show any significant difference with commercial pectin. 28732917 5 32 theme chemical 759:766 arg1 composition 768:778 chemical composition 759:778 chemical composition 759:778 Analysis of chemical composition and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of extracted pectin did not show any significant difference with commercial pectin. 28732917 3 33 theme 1:15g/ml 638:645 arg1 RSL 631:633 RSL 631:633 RSL of 1:15g/ml 631:645 The optimal extraction process condition was USP of 375w, pH of 3.2, TS of 32min and RSL of 1:15g/ml. 28732917 3 33 theme 1:15g/ml 638:645 arg1 USP 591:593 USP 591:593 USP of 375w 591:601 The optimal extraction process condition was USP of 375w, pH of 3.2, TS of 32min and RSL of 1:15g/ml. 28732917 3 33 theme 1:15g/ml 638:645 arg1 TS 615:616 TS 615:616 TS of 32min 615:625 The optimal extraction process condition was USP of 375w, pH of 3.2, TS of 32min and RSL of 1:15g/ml. 28732917 3 33 theme 1:15g/ml 638:645 arg1 condition 577:585 The optimal extraction process condition 546:585 The optimal extraction process condition 546:585 The optimal extraction process condition was USP of 375w, pH of 3.2, TS of 32min and RSL of 1:15g/ml. 28732917 3 33 theme 1:15g/ml 638:645 arg1 pH 604:605 pH 604:605 pH of 3.2 604:612 The optimal extraction process condition was USP of 375w, pH of 3.2, TS of 32min and RSL of 1:15g/ml. 28732917 0 34 from heads 89:93 arg1 extraction 42:51 Ultrasound assisted pectic polysaccharide extraction 0:51 Ultrasound assisted pectic polysaccharide extraction 0:51 Ultrasound assisted pectic polysaccharide extraction and its characterization from waste heads of Helianthus annus. 28732917 0 34 from heads 89:93 arg1 characterization 61:76 its characterization 57:76 its characterization 57:76 Ultrasound assisted pectic polysaccharide extraction and its characterization from waste heads of Helianthus annus. 28732917 6 35 theme crystalline 943:953 arg1 profile 955:961 a similar crystalline profile 933:961 a similar crystalline profile in both extracted and commercial pectin 933:1001 XRD analysis illustrated a similar crystalline profile in both extracted and commercial pectin. 28732917 2 36 theme extracted 453:461 arg1 pectin 463:468 extracted pectin 453:468 extracted pectin at optimal condition 453:489 In addition to that, extracted pectin at optimal condition was characterized and compared with commercial pectin. 28732917 3 37 theme process 569:575 arg1 USP 591:593 USP 591:593 USP of 375w 591:601 The optimal extraction process condition was USP of 375w, pH of 3.2, TS of 32min and RSL of 1:15g/ml. 28732917 3 37 theme process 569:575 arg1 condition 577:585 The optimal extraction process condition 546:585 The optimal extraction process condition 546:585 The optimal extraction process condition was USP of 375w, pH of 3.2, TS of 32min and RSL of 1:15g/ml. 28732917 7 38 theme scanning 1078:1085 arg1 microscopy 1096:1105 scanning electron microscopy 1078:1105 scanning electron microscopy 1078:1105 Morphological analysis was performed on fresh and extracted samples using scanning electron microscopy. 28732917 1 39 theme experimental 411:422 arg1 design 424:429 central composite statistical experimental design 381:429 central composite statistical experimental design 381:429 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 1 40 theme annus 202:206 arg1 pectin 164:169 pectin 164:169 pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus 164:206 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 1 41 from time 286:289 arg1 recovery 356:363 maximal recovery 348:363 maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design 348:429 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 6 42 theme similar 935:941 arg1 profile 955:961 a similar crystalline profile 933:961 a similar crystalline profile in both extracted and commercial pectin 933:1001 XRD analysis illustrated a similar crystalline profile in both extracted and commercial pectin. 28732917 1 43 theme liquid 332:337 arg1 pH 282:283 pH 282:283 pH 282:283 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 1 43 theme liquid 332:337 arg1 power 269:273 ultrasound power 258:273 ultrasound power (USP) 258:279 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 1 43 theme liquid 332:337 arg1 ratio 314:318 ratio 314:318 ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design 314:429 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 1 43 theme liquid 332:337 arg1 time 286:289 time 286:289 time of sonication (TS) 286:308 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 1 43 theme liquid 332:337 arg1 USP 276:278 USP 276:278 USP 276:278 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 1 43 theme liquid 332:337 arg1 variables 247:255 the process variables 235:255 the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design 235:429 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 4 44 theme pectin 725:730 arg1 yield 732:736 predicted pectin yield 715:736 predicted pectin yield (8.91%) 715:744 Mean experimental pectin yield of 8.89±0.024% was well accord with predicted pectin yield (8.91%). 28732917 4 44 theme pectin 725:730 arg1 % 743:743 8.91% 739:743 8.91% 739:743 Mean experimental pectin yield of 8.89±0.024% was well accord with predicted pectin yield (8.91%). 28732917 5 45 dep Fourier 784:790 arg1 transform 792:800 transform 792:800 transform infrared spectroscopy of extracted pectin 792:842 Analysis of chemical composition and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of extracted pectin did not show any significant difference with commercial pectin. 28732917 1 46 theme main 120:123 arg1 aim 125:127 The main aim 116:127 The main aim of this current work 116:148 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 7 47 theme extracted 1054:1062 arg1 samples 1064:1070 fresh and extracted samples 1044:1070 fresh and extracted samples using scanning electron microscopy 1044:1105 Morphological analysis was performed on fresh and extracted samples using scanning electron microscopy. 28732917 1 48 dep variables 247:255 arg1 pH 282:283 pH 282:283 pH 282:283 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 1 48 dep variables 247:255 arg1 power 269:273 ultrasound power 258:273 ultrasound power (USP) 258:279 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 1 48 dep variables 247:255 arg1 ratio 314:318 ratio 314:318 ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design 314:429 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 1 48 dep variables 247:255 arg1 time 286:289 time 286:289 time of sonication (TS) 286:308 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 1 48 dep variables 247:255 arg1 USP 276:278 USP 276:278 USP 276:278 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 1 48 dep variables 247:255 arg1 variables 247:255 the process variables 235:255 the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design 235:429 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 4 49 theme predicted 715:723 arg1 yield 732:736 predicted pectin yield 715:736 predicted pectin yield (8.91%) 715:744 Mean experimental pectin yield of 8.89±0.024% was well accord with predicted pectin yield (8.91%). 28732917 4 49 theme predicted 715:723 arg1 % 743:743 8.91% 739:743 8.91% 739:743 Mean experimental pectin yield of 8.89±0.024% was well accord with predicted pectin yield (8.91%). 28732917 1 50 from heads 182:186 arg1 pectin 164:169 pectin 164:169 pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus 164:206 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 5 51 theme infrared 802:809 arg1 spectroscopy 811:822 infrared spectroscopy 802:822 infrared spectroscopy of extracted pectin 802:842 Analysis of chemical composition and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of extracted pectin did not show any significant difference with commercial pectin. 28732917 7 52 theme fresh 1044:1048 arg1 samples 1064:1070 fresh and extracted samples 1044:1070 fresh and extracted samples using scanning electron microscopy 1044:1105 Morphological analysis was performed on fresh and extracted samples using scanning electron microscopy. 28732917 6 53 from profile 955:961 arg1 extracted 971:979 extracted 971:979 extracted 971:979 XRD analysis illustrated a similar crystalline profile in both extracted and commercial pectin. 28732917 6 53 from profile 955:961 arg1 pectin 996:1001 commercial pectin 985:1001 commercial pectin 985:1001 XRD analysis illustrated a similar crystalline profile in both extracted and commercial pectin. 28732917 2 54 from condition 481:489 arg1 pectin 463:468 extracted pectin 453:468 extracted pectin at optimal condition 453:489 In addition to that, extracted pectin at optimal condition was characterized and compared with commercial pectin. 28732917 4 55 theme % 692:692 arg1 yield 673:677 Mean experimental pectin yield 648:677 Mean experimental pectin yield of 8.89±0.024% 648:692 Mean experimental pectin yield of 8.89±0.024% was well accord with predicted pectin yield (8.91%). 28732917 3 56 theme optimal 550:556 arg1 USP 591:593 USP 591:593 USP of 375w 591:601 The optimal extraction process condition was USP of 375w, pH of 3.2, TS of 32min and RSL of 1:15g/ml. 28732917 3 56 theme optimal 550:556 arg1 condition 577:585 The optimal extraction process condition 546:585 The optimal extraction process condition 546:585 The optimal extraction process condition was USP of 375w, pH of 3.2, TS of 32min and RSL of 1:15g/ml. 28732917 3 57 theme extraction 558:567 arg1 USP 591:593 USP 591:593 USP of 375w 591:601 The optimal extraction process condition was USP of 375w, pH of 3.2, TS of 32min and RSL of 1:15g/ml. 28732917 3 57 theme extraction 558:567 arg1 condition 577:585 The optimal extraction process condition 546:585 The optimal extraction process condition 546:585 The optimal extraction process condition was USP of 375w, pH of 3.2, TS of 32min and RSL of 1:15g/ml. 28732917 5 58 theme composition 768:778 arg1 Analysis 747:754 Analysis 747:754 Analysis of chemical composition and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of extracted pectin 747:842 Analysis of chemical composition and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of extracted pectin did not show any significant difference with commercial pectin. 28732917 1 59 dep liquid 332:337 arg1 to 329:330 to 329:330 to 329:330 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 0 60 theme waste 83:87 arg1 heads 89:93 waste heads 83:93 waste heads 83:93 Ultrasound assisted pectic polysaccharide extraction and its characterization from waste heads of Helianthus annus. 28732917 3 61 theme 375w 598:601 arg1 RSL 631:633 RSL 631:633 RSL of 1:15g/ml 631:645 The optimal extraction process condition was USP of 375w, pH of 3.2, TS of 32min and RSL of 1:15g/ml. 28732917 3 61 theme 375w 598:601 arg1 USP 591:593 USP 591:593 USP of 375w 591:601 The optimal extraction process condition was USP of 375w, pH of 3.2, TS of 32min and RSL of 1:15g/ml. 28732917 3 61 theme 375w 598:601 arg1 TS 615:616 TS 615:616 TS of 32min 615:625 The optimal extraction process condition was USP of 375w, pH of 3.2, TS of 32min and RSL of 1:15g/ml. 28732917 3 61 theme 375w 598:601 arg1 condition 577:585 The optimal extraction process condition 546:585 The optimal extraction process condition 546:585 The optimal extraction process condition was USP of 375w, pH of 3.2, TS of 32min and RSL of 1:15g/ml. 28732917 3 61 theme 375w 598:601 arg1 pH 604:605 pH 604:605 pH of 3.2 604:612 The optimal extraction process condition was USP of 375w, pH of 3.2, TS of 32min and RSL of 1:15g/ml. 28732917 1 62 theme current 137:143 arg1 work 145:148 this current work 132:148 this current work 132:148 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 7 63 theme electron 1087:1094 arg1 microscopy 1096:1105 scanning electron microscopy 1078:1105 scanning electron microscopy 1078:1105 Morphological analysis was performed on fresh and extracted samples using scanning electron microscopy. 28732917 1 64 theme work 145:148 arg1 aim 125:127 The main aim 116:127 The main aim of this current work 116:148 The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. 28732917 6 65 theme XRD 908:910 arg1 analysis 912:919 XRD analysis 908:919 XRD analysis 908:919 XRD analysis illustrated a similar crystalline profile in both extracted and commercial pectin. 24155051 5 0 from activity 914:921 arg1 yeast 926:930 yeast 926:930 yeast 926:930 Moreover, incubation with TM did not alter α- and β-(1,3)-glucanase activity in yeast and mycelium cell extracts. 24155051 5 0 from activity 914:921 arg1 mycelium 936:943 mycelium 936:943 mycelium 936:943 Moreover, incubation with TM did not alter α- and β-(1,3)-glucanase activity in yeast and mycelium cell extracts. 24155051 3 1 theme α- 654:655 arg1 -amylase 661:668 α-(1,4)-amylase 654:668 α-(1,4)-amylase in P. brasiliensis yeast and mycelium cells 654:712 In the present study, we investigated the influence of tunycamicin (TM)-mediated inhibition of N-linked glycosylation on α- and β-(1,3)-glucanases and on α-(1,4)-amylase in P. brasiliensis yeast and mycelium cells. 24155051 3 2 theme inhibition 581:590 arg1 influence 542:550 the influence 538:550 the influence of tunycamicin (TM)-mediated inhibition of N-linked glycosylation on α- and β-(1,3)-glucanases and on α-(1,4)-amylase in P. brasiliensis yeast and mycelium cells 538:712 In the present study, we investigated the influence of tunycamicin (TM)-mediated inhibition of N-linked glycosylation on α- and β-(1,3)-glucanases and on α-(1,4)-amylase in P. brasiliensis yeast and mycelium cells. 24155051 10 3 theme fungal 1565:1570 arg1 activity 1588:1595 reduced fungal α-(1,4)-amylase activity 1557:1595 reduced fungal α-(1,4)-amylase activity 1557:1595 Our results suggest that reduced fungal α-(1,4)-amylase activity affects cell wall composition and may account for the impaired growth of underglycosylated yeast and mycelium cells. 24155051 5 4 dep yeast 926:930 arg1 extracts 950:957 cell extracts 945:957 cell extracts 945:957 Moreover, incubation with TM did not alter α- and β-(1,3)-glucanase activity in yeast and mycelium cell extracts. 24155051 0 5 theme β- 32:33 arg1 -glucanases 39:49 α- and β-(1,3)-glucanases 25:49 α- and β-(1,3)-glucanases 25:49 α-(1,4)-Amylase, but not α- and β-(1,3)-glucanases, may be responsible for the impaired growth and morphogenesis of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis induced by N-glycosylation inhibition. 24155051 7 6 gly N-glycosylation 1159:1173 arg1 glucanase 1196:1204 glucanase activities 1196:1215 glucanase activities 1196:1215 In spite of its importance for fungal growth and morphogenesis, N-glycosylation was not required for glucanase activities. 24155051 4 7 theme α- 796:797 arg1 production 820:829 either α- or β-(1,3)-glucanase production 789:829 either α- or β-(1,3)-glucanase production 789:829 The addition of 15 µg/ml TM to the fungal cultures did not interfere with either α- or β-(1,3)-glucanase production and secretion. 24155051 1 8 theme Paracoccidioides 202:217 arg1 brasiliensis 219:230 Paracoccidioides brasiliensis 202:230 Paracoccidioides brasiliensis 202:230 The cell wall of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, which consists of a network of polysaccharides and glycoproteins, is essential for fungal pathogenesis. 24155051 5 9 theme α- 889:890 arg1 1,3 899:901 1,3 899:901 1,3 899:901 Moreover, incubation with TM did not alter α- and β-(1,3)-glucanase activity in yeast and mycelium cell extracts. 24155051 5 9 theme α- 889:890 arg1 activity 914:921 α- and β-(1,3)-glucanase activity 889:921 α- and β-(1,3)-glucanase activity in yeast and mycelium cell extracts 889:957 Moreover, incubation with TM did not alter α- and β-(1,3)-glucanase activity in yeast and mycelium cell extracts. 24155051 0 10 theme brasiliensis 133:144 arg1 morphogenesis 99:111 morphogenesis 99:111 morphogenesis 99:111 α-(1,4)-Amylase, but not α- and β-(1,3)-glucanases, may be responsible for the impaired growth and morphogenesis of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis induced by N-glycosylation inhibition. 24155051 0 10 theme brasiliensis 133:144 arg1 growth 88:93 impaired growth 79:93 impaired growth 79:93 α-(1,4)-Amylase, but not α- and β-(1,3)-glucanases, may be responsible for the impaired growth and morphogenesis of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis induced by N-glycosylation inhibition. 24155051 8 11 theme wall 1278:1281 arg1 components 1283:1292 wall components 1278:1292 wall components that are crucial for fungal morphogenesis 1278:1334 This is surprising because these activities are directed to wall components that are crucial for fungal morphogenesis. 24155051 1 12 theme brasiliensis 219:230 arg1 wall 194:197 The cell wall 185:197 The cell wall 185:197 The cell wall of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, which consists of a network of polysaccharides and glycoproteins, is essential for fungal pathogenesis. 24155051 1 12 theme brasiliensis 219:230 arg1 essential 302:310 essential 302:310 essential 302:310 The cell wall of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, which consists of a network of polysaccharides and glycoproteins, is essential for fungal pathogenesis. 24155051 2 13 gly N-glycosylation 370:384 arg1 N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase 406:433 N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase 406:433 N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase 406:433 We have previously reported that N-glycosylation of proteins such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase is required for the growth and morphogenesis of P. brasiliensis. 24155051 2 13 gly N-glycosylation 370:384 arg1 brasiliensis 486:497 P. brasiliensis 483:497 P. brasiliensis 483:497 We have previously reported that N-glycosylation of proteins such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase is required for the growth and morphogenesis of P. brasiliensis. 24155051 2 13 gly N-glycosylation 370:384 arg1 proteins 389:396 proteins 389:396 proteins such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase 389:433 We have previously reported that N-glycosylation of proteins such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase is required for the growth and morphogenesis of P. brasiliensis. 24155051 3 14 from -amylase 661:668 arg1 yeast 689:693 P. brasiliensis yeast 673:693 P. brasiliensis yeast 673:693 In the present study, we investigated the influence of tunycamicin (TM)-mediated inhibition of N-linked glycosylation on α- and β-(1,3)-glucanases and on α-(1,4)-amylase in P. brasiliensis yeast and mycelium cells. 24155051 3 14 from -amylase 661:668 arg1 cells 708:712 mycelium cells 699:712 mycelium cells 699:712 In the present study, we investigated the influence of tunycamicin (TM)-mediated inhibition of N-linked glycosylation on α- and β-(1,3)-glucanases and on α-(1,4)-amylase in P. brasiliensis yeast and mycelium cells. 24155051 1 15 theme fungal 316:321 arg1 pathogenesis 323:334 fungal pathogenesis 316:334 fungal pathogenesis 316:334 The cell wall of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, which consists of a network of polysaccharides and glycoproteins, is essential for fungal pathogenesis. 24155051 10 16 theme yeast 1688:1692 arg1 growth 1660:1665 the impaired growth 1647:1665 the impaired growth of underglycosylated yeast and mycelium cells 1647:1711 Our results suggest that reduced fungal α-(1,4)-amylase activity affects cell wall composition and may account for the impaired growth of underglycosylated yeast and mycelium cells. 24155051 3 17 theme present 507:513 arg1 study 515:519 the present study 503:519 the present study 503:519 In the present study, we investigated the influence of tunycamicin (TM)-mediated inhibition of N-linked glycosylation on α- and β-(1,3)-glucanases and on α-(1,4)-amylase in P. brasiliensis yeast and mycelium cells. 24155051 1 18 gly glycoproteins 284:296 arg1 glycoproteins 284:296 glycoproteins 284:296 glycoproteins 284:296 The cell wall of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, which consists of a network of polysaccharides and glycoproteins, is essential for fungal pathogenesis. 24155051 2 19 theme brasiliensis 486:497 arg1 morphogenesis 466:478 morphogenesis 466:478 morphogenesis 466:478 We have previously reported that N-glycosylation of proteins such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase is required for the growth and morphogenesis of P. brasiliensis. 24155051 2 19 theme brasiliensis 486:497 arg1 growth 455:460 growth 455:460 growth 455:460 We have previously reported that N-glycosylation of proteins such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase is required for the growth and morphogenesis of P. brasiliensis. 24155051 5 20 with incubation 856:865 arg1 TM 872:873 TM 872:873 TM 872:873 Moreover, incubation with TM did not alter α- and β-(1,3)-glucanase activity in yeast and mycelium cell extracts. 24155051 7 21 theme glucanase 1196:1204 arg1 activities 1206:1215 glucanase activities 1196:1215 glucanase activities 1196:1215 In spite of its importance for fungal growth and morphogenesis, N-glycosylation was not required for glucanase activities. 24155051 3 22 theme 1,4 657:659 arg1 -amylase 661:668 α-(1,4)-amylase 654:668 α-(1,4)-amylase in P. brasiliensis yeast and mycelium cells 654:712 In the present study, we investigated the influence of tunycamicin (TM)-mediated inhibition of N-linked glycosylation on α- and β-(1,3)-glucanases and on α-(1,4)-amylase in P. brasiliensis yeast and mycelium cells. 24155051 9 23 theme -glucan 1523:1529 arg1 biosynthesis 1500:1511 the biosynthesis 1496:1511 the biosynthesis of α-(1,3)-glucan 1496:1529 On the other hand, N-glycans were essential for α-(1,4)-amylase activity involved in the production of malto-oligosaccharides that act as primer molecules for the biosynthesis of α-(1,3)-glucan. 24155051 10 24 theme wall 1610:1613 arg1 composition 1615:1625 cell wall composition 1605:1625 cell wall composition 1605:1625 Our results suggest that reduced fungal α-(1,4)-amylase activity affects cell wall composition and may account for the impaired growth of underglycosylated yeast and mycelium cells. 24155051 0 25 theme α- 0:1 arg1 -Amylase 7:14 α-(1,4)-Amylase 0:14 α-(1,4)-Amylase 0:14 α-(1,4)-Amylase, but not α- and β-(1,3)-glucanases, may be responsible for the impaired growth and morphogenesis of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis induced by N-glycosylation inhibition. 24155051 3 26 theme brasiliensis 676:687 arg1 yeast 689:693 P. brasiliensis yeast 673:693 P. brasiliensis yeast 673:693 In the present study, we investigated the influence of tunycamicin (TM)-mediated inhibition of N-linked glycosylation on α- and β-(1,3)-glucanases and on α-(1,4)-amylase in P. brasiliensis yeast and mycelium cells. 24155051 0 27 theme N-glycosylation 157:171 arg1 inhibition 173:182 N-glycosylation inhibition 157:182 N-glycosylation inhibition 157:182 α-(1,4)-Amylase, but not α- and β-(1,3)-glucanases, may be responsible for the impaired growth and morphogenesis of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis induced by N-glycosylation inhibition. 24155051 0 28 dep β- 32:33 arg1 1,3 35:37 1,3 35:37 1,3 35:37 α-(1,4)-Amylase, but not α- and β-(1,3)-glucanases, may be responsible for the impaired growth and morphogenesis of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis induced by N-glycosylation inhibition. 24155051 4 29 theme 15 µg/ml 731:738 arg1 TM 740:741 15 µg/ml TM 731:741 15 µg/ml TM 731:741 The addition of 15 µg/ml TM to the fungal cultures did not interfere with either α- or β-(1,3)-glucanase production and secretion. 24155051 10 30 theme cell 1605:1608 arg1 composition 1615:1625 cell wall composition 1605:1625 cell wall composition 1605:1625 Our results suggest that reduced fungal α-(1,4)-amylase activity affects cell wall composition and may account for the impaired growth of underglycosylated yeast and mycelium cells. 24155051 9 31 theme malto-oligosaccharides 1440:1461 arg1 production 1426:1435 the production 1422:1435 the production of malto-oligosaccharides that act as primer molecules for the biosynthesis of α-(1,3)-glucan 1422:1529 On the other hand, N-glycans were essential for α-(1,4)-amylase activity involved in the production of malto-oligosaccharides that act as primer molecules for the biosynthesis of α-(1,3)-glucan. 24155051 2 32 theme proteins 389:396 arg1 N-glycosylation 370:384 N-glycosylation 370:384 N-glycosylation of proteins such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase 370:433 We have previously reported that N-glycosylation of proteins such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase is required for the growth and morphogenesis of P. brasiliensis. 24155051 3 33 link N-linked 595:602 arg1 glycosylation 604:616 N-linked glycosylation 595:616 N-linked glycosylation 595:616 In the present study, we investigated the influence of tunycamicin (TM)-mediated inhibition of N-linked glycosylation on α- and β-(1,3)-glucanases and on α-(1,4)-amylase in P. brasiliensis yeast and mycelium cells. 24155051 10 34 theme mycelium 1698:1705 arg1 cells 1707:1711 underglycosylated yeast and mycelium cells 1670:1711 cells 1707:1711 Our results suggest that reduced fungal α-(1,4)-amylase activity affects cell wall composition and may account for the impaired growth of underglycosylated yeast and mycelium cells. 24155051 4 35 theme -glucanase 809:818 arg1 production 820:829 either α- or β-(1,3)-glucanase production 789:829 either α- or β-(1,3)-glucanase production 789:829 The addition of 15 µg/ml TM to the fungal cultures did not interfere with either α- or β-(1,3)-glucanase production and secretion. 24155051 3 36 theme α- 621:622 arg1 -glucanases 635:645 α- and β-(1,3)-glucanases 621:645 α- and β-(1,3)-glucanases 621:645 In the present study, we investigated the influence of tunycamicin (TM)-mediated inhibition of N-linked glycosylation on α- and β-(1,3)-glucanases and on α-(1,4)-amylase in P. brasiliensis yeast and mycelium cells. 24155051 3 36 theme α- 621:622 arg1 1,3 631:633 1,3 631:633 1,3 631:633 In the present study, we investigated the influence of tunycamicin (TM)-mediated inhibition of N-linked glycosylation on α- and β-(1,3)-glucanases and on α-(1,4)-amylase in P. brasiliensis yeast and mycelium cells. 24155051 10 37 theme reduced 1557:1563 arg1 activity 1588:1595 reduced fungal α-(1,4)-amylase activity 1557:1595 reduced fungal α-(1,4)-amylase activity 1557:1595 Our results suggest that reduced fungal α-(1,4)-amylase activity affects cell wall composition and may account for the impaired growth of underglycosylated yeast and mycelium cells. 24155051 10 38 theme -amylase 1579:1586 arg1 activity 1588:1595 reduced fungal α-(1,4)-amylase activity 1557:1595 reduced fungal α-(1,4)-amylase activity 1557:1595 Our results suggest that reduced fungal α-(1,4)-amylase activity affects cell wall composition and may account for the impaired growth of underglycosylated yeast and mycelium cells. 24155051 3 39 theme P. 673:674 arg1 yeast 689:693 P. brasiliensis yeast 673:693 P. brasiliensis yeast 673:693 In the present study, we investigated the influence of tunycamicin (TM)-mediated inhibition of N-linked glycosylation on α- and β-(1,3)-glucanases and on α-(1,4)-amylase in P. brasiliensis yeast and mycelium cells. 24155051 10 40 gly underglycosylated 1670:1686 arg1 yeast 1688:1692 underglycosylated yeast and mycelium cells 1670:1711 yeast 1688:1692 Our results suggest that reduced fungal α-(1,4)-amylase activity affects cell wall composition and may account for the impaired growth of underglycosylated yeast and mycelium cells. 24155051 5 41 theme cell 945:948 arg1 extracts 950:957 cell extracts 945:957 cell extracts 945:957 Moreover, incubation with TM did not alter α- and β-(1,3)-glucanase activity in yeast and mycelium cell extracts. 24155051 5 42 theme β- 896:897 arg1 1,3 899:901 1,3 899:901 1,3 899:901 Moreover, incubation with TM did not alter α- and β-(1,3)-glucanase activity in yeast and mycelium cell extracts. 24155051 5 42 theme β- 896:897 arg1 activity 914:921 α- and β-(1,3)-glucanase activity 889:921 α- and β-(1,3)-glucanase activity in yeast and mycelium cell extracts 889:957 Moreover, incubation with TM did not alter α- and β-(1,3)-glucanase activity in yeast and mycelium cell extracts. 24155051 4 43 dep β- 802:803 arg1 1,3 805:807 1,3 805:807 1,3 805:807 The addition of 15 µg/ml TM to the fungal cultures did not interfere with either α- or β-(1,3)-glucanase production and secretion. 24155051 9 44 theme other 1344:1348 arg1 hand 1350:1353 the other hand 1340:1353 the other hand 1340:1353 On the other hand, N-glycans were essential for α-(1,4)-amylase activity involved in the production of malto-oligosaccharides that act as primer molecules for the biosynthesis of α-(1,3)-glucan. 24155051 3 45 theme glycosylation 604:616 arg1 inhibition 581:590 tunycamicin (TM)-mediated inhibition 555:590 tunycamicin (TM)-mediated inhibition of N-linked glycosylation 555:616 In the present study, we investigated the influence of tunycamicin (TM)-mediated inhibition of N-linked glycosylation on α- and β-(1,3)-glucanases and on α-(1,4)-amylase in P. brasiliensis yeast and mycelium cells. 24155051 4 46 theme TM 740:741 arg1 addition 719:726 The addition 715:726 The addition of 15 µg/ml TM to the fungal cultures 715:764 The addition of 15 µg/ml TM to the fungal cultures did not interfere with either α- or β-(1,3)-glucanase production and secretion. 24155051 8 47 theme fungal 1315:1320 arg1 morphogenesis 1322:1334 fungal morphogenesis 1315:1334 fungal morphogenesis 1315:1334 This is surprising because these activities are directed to wall components that are crucial for fungal morphogenesis. 24155051 10 48 theme impaired 1651:1658 arg1 growth 1660:1665 the impaired growth 1647:1665 the impaired growth of underglycosylated yeast and mycelium cells 1647:1711 Our results suggest that reduced fungal α-(1,4)-amylase activity affects cell wall composition and may account for the impaired growth of underglycosylated yeast and mycelium cells. 24155051 10 49 theme α- 1572:1573 arg1 activity 1588:1595 reduced fungal α-(1,4)-amylase activity 1557:1595 reduced fungal α-(1,4)-amylase activity 1557:1595 Our results suggest that reduced fungal α-(1,4)-amylase activity affects cell wall composition and may account for the impaired growth of underglycosylated yeast and mycelium cells. 24155051 0 50 theme impaired 79:86 arg1 growth 88:93 impaired growth 79:93 impaired growth 79:93 α-(1,4)-Amylase, but not α- and β-(1,3)-glucanases, may be responsible for the impaired growth and morphogenesis of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis induced by N-glycosylation inhibition. 24155051 10 51 theme underglycosylated 1670:1686 arg1 yeast 1688:1692 underglycosylated yeast and mycelium cells 1670:1711 yeast 1688:1692 Our results suggest that reduced fungal α-(1,4)-amylase activity affects cell wall composition and may account for the impaired growth of underglycosylated yeast and mycelium cells. 24155051 4 52 theme fungal 750:755 arg1 cultures 757:764 the fungal cultures 746:764 the fungal cultures 746:764 The addition of 15 µg/ml TM to the fungal cultures did not interfere with either α- or β-(1,3)-glucanase production and secretion. 24155051 6 53 theme -amylase 980:987 arg1 activity 989:996 α-(1,4)-amylase activity 973:996 α-(1,4)-amylase activity 973:996 In contrast, α-(1,4)-amylase activity was significantly reduced in underglycosylated yeast and mycelium extracts after exposure to TM. 24155051 6 54 gly underglycosylated 1027:1043 arg1 yeast 1045:1049 underglycosylated yeast and mycelium extracts 1027:1071 yeast 1045:1049 In contrast, α-(1,4)-amylase activity was significantly reduced in underglycosylated yeast and mycelium extracts after exposure to TM. 24155051 1 55 theme polysaccharides 264:278 arg1 network 253:259 a network 251:259 a network of polysaccharides and glycoproteins 251:296 The cell wall of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, which consists of a network of polysaccharides and glycoproteins, is essential for fungal pathogenesis. 24155051 4 56 theme β- 802:803 arg1 production 820:829 either α- or β-(1,3)-glucanase production 789:829 either α- or β-(1,3)-glucanase production 789:829 The addition of 15 µg/ml TM to the fungal cultures did not interfere with either α- or β-(1,3)-glucanase production and secretion. 24155051 5 57 theme -glucanase 903:912 arg1 1,3 899:901 1,3 899:901 1,3 899:901 Moreover, incubation with TM did not alter α- and β-(1,3)-glucanase activity in yeast and mycelium cell extracts. 24155051 5 57 theme -glucanase 903:912 arg1 activity 914:921 α- and β-(1,3)-glucanase activity 889:921 α- and β-(1,3)-glucanase activity in yeast and mycelium cell extracts 889:957 Moreover, incubation with TM did not alter α- and β-(1,3)-glucanase activity in yeast and mycelium cell extracts. 24155051 9 58 theme α- 1516:1517 arg1 -glucan 1523:1529 α-(1,3)-glucan 1516:1529 α-(1,3)-glucan 1516:1529 On the other hand, N-glycans were essential for α-(1,4)-amylase activity involved in the production of malto-oligosaccharides that act as primer molecules for the biosynthesis of α-(1,3)-glucan. 24155051 3 59 theme mycelium 699:706 arg1 cells 708:712 mycelium cells 699:712 mycelium cells 699:712 In the present study, we investigated the influence of tunycamicin (TM)-mediated inhibition of N-linked glycosylation on α- and β-(1,3)-glucanases and on α-(1,4)-amylase in P. brasiliensis yeast and mycelium cells. 24155051 9 60 theme primer 1475:1480 arg1 molecules 1482:1490 primer molecules 1475:1490 primer molecules for the biosynthesis of α-(1,3)-glucan 1475:1529 On the other hand, N-glycans were essential for α-(1,4)-amylase activity involved in the production of malto-oligosaccharides that act as primer molecules for the biosynthesis of α-(1,3)-glucan. 24155051 9 60 theme primer 1475:1480 arg1 malto-oligosaccharides 1440:1461 malto-oligosaccharides 1440:1461 malto-oligosaccharides that act as primer molecules for the biosynthesis of α-(1,3)-glucan 1440:1529 On the other hand, N-glycans were essential for α-(1,4)-amylase activity involved in the production of malto-oligosaccharides that act as primer molecules for the biosynthesis of α-(1,3)-glucan. 24155051 10 61 theme 1,4 1575:1577 arg1 activity 1588:1595 reduced fungal α-(1,4)-amylase activity 1557:1595 reduced fungal α-(1,4)-amylase activity 1557:1595 Our results suggest that reduced fungal α-(1,4)-amylase activity affects cell wall composition and may account for the impaired growth of underglycosylated yeast and mycelium cells. 24155051 3 62 theme β- 628:629 arg1 -glucanases 635:645 α- and β-(1,3)-glucanases 621:645 α- and β-(1,3)-glucanases 621:645 In the present study, we investigated the influence of tunycamicin (TM)-mediated inhibition of N-linked glycosylation on α- and β-(1,3)-glucanases and on α-(1,4)-amylase in P. brasiliensis yeast and mycelium cells. 24155051 3 62 theme β- 628:629 arg1 1,3 631:633 1,3 631:633 1,3 631:633 In the present study, we investigated the influence of tunycamicin (TM)-mediated inhibition of N-linked glycosylation on α- and β-(1,3)-glucanases and on α-(1,4)-amylase in P. brasiliensis yeast and mycelium cells. 24155051 3 63 theme N-linked 595:602 arg1 glycosylation 604:616 N-linked glycosylation 595:616 N-linked glycosylation 595:616 In the present study, we investigated the influence of tunycamicin (TM)-mediated inhibition of N-linked glycosylation on α- and β-(1,3)-glucanases and on α-(1,4)-amylase in P. brasiliensis yeast and mycelium cells. 24155051 7 64 theme fungal 1126:1131 arg1 growth 1133:1138 growth 1133:1138 growth 1133:1138 In spite of its importance for fungal growth and morphogenesis, N-glycosylation was not required for glucanase activities. 24155051 3 65 from influence 542:550 arg1 -glucanases 635:645 α- and β-(1,3)-glucanases 621:645 α- and β-(1,3)-glucanases 621:645 In the present study, we investigated the influence of tunycamicin (TM)-mediated inhibition of N-linked glycosylation on α- and β-(1,3)-glucanases and on α-(1,4)-amylase in P. brasiliensis yeast and mycelium cells. 24155051 3 65 from influence 542:550 arg1 1,3 631:633 1,3 631:633 1,3 631:633 In the present study, we investigated the influence of tunycamicin (TM)-mediated inhibition of N-linked glycosylation on α- and β-(1,3)-glucanases and on α-(1,4)-amylase in P. brasiliensis yeast and mycelium cells. 24155051 3 65 from influence 542:550 arg1 -amylase 661:668 α-(1,4)-amylase 654:668 α-(1,4)-amylase in P. brasiliensis yeast and mycelium cells 654:712 In the present study, we investigated the influence of tunycamicin (TM)-mediated inhibition of N-linked glycosylation on α- and β-(1,3)-glucanases and on α-(1,4)-amylase in P. brasiliensis yeast and mycelium cells. 24155051 6 66 theme mycelium 1055:1062 arg1 extracts 1064:1071 underglycosylated yeast and mycelium extracts 1027:1071 extracts 1064:1071 In contrast, α-(1,4)-amylase activity was significantly reduced in underglycosylated yeast and mycelium extracts after exposure to TM. 24155051 2 67 theme P. 483:484 arg1 brasiliensis 486:497 P. brasiliensis 483:497 P. brasiliensis 483:497 We have previously reported that N-glycosylation of proteins such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase is required for the growth and morphogenesis of P. brasiliensis. 24155051 10 68 theme cells 1707:1711 arg1 growth 1660:1665 the impaired growth 1647:1665 the impaired growth of underglycosylated yeast and mycelium cells 1647:1711 Our results suggest that reduced fungal α-(1,4)-amylase activity affects cell wall composition and may account for the impaired growth of underglycosylated yeast and mycelium cells. 24155051 3 69 theme -mediated 571:579 arg1 inhibition 581:590 tunycamicin (TM)-mediated inhibition 555:590 tunycamicin (TM)-mediated inhibition of N-linked glycosylation 555:616 In the present study, we investigated the influence of tunycamicin (TM)-mediated inhibition of N-linked glycosylation on α- and β-(1,3)-glucanases and on α-(1,4)-amylase in P. brasiliensis yeast and mycelium cells. 24155051 6 70 theme underglycosylated 1027:1043 arg1 yeast 1045:1049 underglycosylated yeast and mycelium extracts 1027:1071 yeast 1045:1049 In contrast, α-(1,4)-amylase activity was significantly reduced in underglycosylated yeast and mycelium extracts after exposure to TM. 24155051 1 71 theme cell 189:192 arg1 wall 194:197 The cell wall 185:197 The cell wall 185:197 The cell wall of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, which consists of a network of polysaccharides and glycoproteins, is essential for fungal pathogenesis. 24155051 1 71 theme cell 189:192 arg1 essential 302:310 essential 302:310 essential 302:310 The cell wall of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, which consists of a network of polysaccharides and glycoproteins, is essential for fungal pathogenesis. 24155051 0 72 theme α- 25:26 arg1 -glucanases 39:49 α- and β-(1,3)-glucanases 25:49 α- and β-(1,3)-glucanases 25:49 α-(1,4)-Amylase, but not α- and β-(1,3)-glucanases, may be responsible for the impaired growth and morphogenesis of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis induced by N-glycosylation inhibition. 24155051 1 73 theme glycoproteins 284:296 arg1 network 253:259 a network 251:259 a network of polysaccharides and glycoproteins 251:296 The cell wall of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, which consists of a network of polysaccharides and glycoproteins, is essential for fungal pathogenesis. 24155051 0 74 theme 1,4 3:5 arg1 -Amylase 7:14 α-(1,4)-Amylase 0:14 α-(1,4)-Amylase 0:14 α-(1,4)-Amylase, but not α- and β-(1,3)-glucanases, may be responsible for the impaired growth and morphogenesis of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis induced by N-glycosylation inhibition. 24155051 9 75 theme -amylase 1392:1399 arg1 activity 1401:1408 α-(1,4)-amylase activity 1385:1408 α-(1,4)-amylase activity involved in the production of malto-oligosaccharides that act as primer molecules for the biosynthesis of α-(1,3)-glucan 1385:1529 On the other hand, N-glycans were essential for α-(1,4)-amylase activity involved in the production of malto-oligosaccharides that act as primer molecules for the biosynthesis of α-(1,3)-glucan. 26652373 2 0 theme water 607:611 arg1 media 613:617 water media 607:617 water media 607:617 Thus, this study reports the synthesis of composite membranes based on nanohydroxyapatite particles (nHA) embedded in chitosan (CHI) and O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) matrices produced using a one-step co-precipitation method in water media. 26652373 10 1 theme hybrid 2281:2286 arg1 systems 2288:2294 These novel hybrid systems 2269:2294 These novel hybrid systems based on chitosan and chitosan-derivatives with nHA composites 2269:2357 These novel hybrid systems based on chitosan and chitosan-derivatives with nHA composites were non-cytotoxic to a human osteoblast-like model cell line (SAOS) according to MTT in vitro assays. 26652373 11 2 from improvement 2518:2528 arg1 response 2552:2559 the cell viability response 2533:2559 the cell viability response compared to the CHI-nHA biocomposite 2533:2596 Moreover, the CMC-nHA biocomposites revealed a striking improvement in the cell viability response compared to the CHI-nHA biocomposite, which was attributed to the much higher surface area caused by the refinement of the nanoparticles size. 26652373 7 3 theme same 1795:1798 arg1 trend 1800:1804 The same trend 1791:1804 The same trend 1791:1804 The same trend was verified by the AFM analysis,where the nHA particles were formed evenly dispersed in the polymer matrix. 26652373 4 4 theme X-ray 1064:1068 arg1 XRD 1083:1085 XRD 1083:1085 XRD 1083:1085 The bionanocomposites were extensively characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity. 26652373 4 4 theme X-ray 1064:1068 arg1 diffraction 1070:1080 X-ray diffraction 1064:1080 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 1064:1086 The bionanocomposites were extensively characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity. 26652373 4 4 theme X-ray 1064:1068 arg1 spectroscopy 1043:1054 infrared spectroscopy 1034:1054 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 1034:1061 The bionanocomposites were extensively characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity. 26652373 3 5 theme particles 729:737 arg1 growth 711:716 growth 711:716 growth 711:716 Biopolymers were used as capping ligands for simultaneously controlling the nucleation and growth of the nHA particles during the precipitation process and also to form the polymeric network of the biocomposites. 26652373 3 5 theme particles 729:737 arg1 nucleation 696:705 nucleation 696:705 nucleation 696:705 Biopolymers were used as capping ligands for simultaneously controlling the nucleation and growth of the nHA particles during the precipitation process and also to form the polymeric network of the biocomposites. 26652373 4 6 theme infrared 1034:1041 arg1 assays 1238:1243 andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays 1151:1243 andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity 1151:1265 The bionanocomposites were extensively characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity. 26652373 4 6 theme infrared 1034:1041 arg1 diffraction 1070:1080 X-ray diffraction 1064:1080 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 1064:1086 The bionanocomposites were extensively characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity. 26652373 4 6 theme infrared 1034:1041 arg1 microscopy 1102:1111 atomic force microscopy 1089:1111 atomic force microscopy (AFM) 1089:1117 The bionanocomposites were extensively characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity. 26652373 4 6 theme infrared 1034:1041 arg1 spectroscopy 1043:1054 infrared spectroscopy 1034:1054 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 1034:1061 The bionanocomposites were extensively characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity. 26652373 4 6 theme infrared 1034:1041 arg1 analysis 1135:1142 X-ray micro-CT analysis 1120:1142 X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT) 1120:1148 The bionanocomposites were extensively characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity. 26652373 4 6 theme infrared 1034:1041 arg1 FTIR 1057:1060 FTIR 1057:1060 FTIR 1057:1060 The bionanocomposites were extensively characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity. 26652373 9 7 theme CMC 2250:2252 arg1 biocomposites 2254:2266 both the chitosan and CMC biocomposites 2228:2266 biocomposites 2254:2266 The FTIR spectra and the XRD analysis indicated that nanosized hydroxyapatite was the predominant calcium phosphate phase produced during the co-precipitation aqueous process for both the chitosan and CMC biocomposites. 26652373 9 8 theme calcium 2147:2153 arg1 phase 2165:2169 the predominant calcium phosphate phase 2131:2169 the predominant calcium phosphate phase produced during the co-precipitation aqueous process for both the chitosan and CMC biocomposites 2131:2266 The FTIR spectra and the XRD analysis indicated that nanosized hydroxyapatite was the predominant calcium phosphate phase produced during the co-precipitation aqueous process for both the chitosan and CMC biocomposites. 26652373 9 8 theme calcium 2147:2153 arg1 hydroxyapatite 2112:2125 nanosized hydroxyapatite 2102:2125 nanosized hydroxyapatite 2102:2125 The FTIR spectra and the XRD analysis indicated that nanosized hydroxyapatite was the predominant calcium phosphate phase produced during the co-precipitation aqueous process for both the chitosan and CMC biocomposites. 26652373 10 9 theme novel 2275:2279 arg1 systems 2288:2294 These novel hybrid systems 2269:2294 These novel hybrid systems based on chitosan and chitosan-derivatives with nHA composites 2269:2357 These novel hybrid systems based on chitosan and chitosan-derivatives with nHA composites were non-cytotoxic to a human osteoblast-like model cell line (SAOS) according to MTT in vitro assays. 26652373 4 10 theme electron 941:948 arg1 microscopy 950:959 transmission electron microscopy 928:959 transmission electron microscopy 928:959 The bionanocomposites were extensively characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity. 26652373 4 11 theme atomic 1089:1094 arg1 microscopy 1102:1111 atomic force microscopy 1089:1111 atomic force microscopy (AFM) 1089:1117 The bionanocomposites were extensively characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity. 26652373 4 11 theme atomic 1089:1094 arg1 spectroscopy 1043:1054 infrared spectroscopy 1034:1054 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 1034:1061 The bionanocomposites were extensively characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity. 26652373 4 11 theme atomic 1089:1094 arg1 AFM 1114:1116 AFM 1114:1116 AFM 1114:1116 The bionanocomposites were extensively characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity. 26652373 10 12 with chitosan 2305:2312 arg1 composites 2348:2357 nHA composites 2344:2357 nHA composites 2344:2357 These novel hybrid systems based on chitosan and chitosan-derivatives with nHA composites were non-cytotoxic to a human osteoblast-like model cell line (SAOS) according to MTT in vitro assays. 26652373 6 13 theme narrower 1681:1688 arg1 90±20nm 1709:1715 90±20nm 1709:1715 90±20nm 1709:1715 The SEMimages revealed that the use of carboxyl-functionalized chitosan (CMC) ligands significantly reduced the average size of theHA nanoparticles and caused the formation of a narrower size distribution (90±20nm) compared to theHAnanoparticles producedwith chitosan ligands (220±50nm). 26652373 6 13 theme narrower 1681:1688 arg1 distribution 1695:1706 a narrower size distribution 1679:1706 a narrower size distribution (90±20nm) 1679:1716 The SEMimages revealed that the use of carboxyl-functionalized chitosan (CMC) ligands significantly reduced the average size of theHA nanoparticles and caused the formation of a narrower size distribution (90±20nm) compared to theHAnanoparticles producedwith chitosan ligands (220±50nm). 26652373 6 14 theme ligands 1581:1587 arg1 use 1535:1537 the use 1531:1537 the use of carboxyl-functionalized chitosan (CMC) ligands 1531:1587 The SEMimages revealed that the use of carboxyl-functionalized chitosan (CMC) ligands significantly reduced the average size of theHA nanoparticles and caused the formation of a narrower size distribution (90±20nm) compared to theHAnanoparticles producedwith chitosan ligands (220±50nm). 26652373 2 15 theme one-step 571:578 arg1 method 597:602 a one-step co-precipitation method 569:602 a one-step co-precipitation method in water media 569:617 Thus, this study reports the synthesis of composite membranes based on nanohydroxyapatite particles (nHA) embedded in chitosan (CHI) and O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) matrices produced using a one-step co-precipitation method in water media. 26652373 11 16 theme surface 2639:2645 arg1 area 2647:2650 the much higher surface area 2623:2650 the much higher surface area caused by the refinement of the nanoparticles size 2623:2701 Moreover, the CMC-nHA biocomposites revealed a striking improvement in the cell viability response compared to the CHI-nHA biocomposite, which was attributed to the much higher surface area caused by the refinement of the nanoparticles size. 26652373 9 17 theme co-precipitation 2191:2206 arg1 process 2216:2222 the co-precipitation aqueous process 2187:2222 the co-precipitation aqueous process for both the chitosan and CMC biocomposites 2187:2266 The FTIR spectra and the XRD analysis indicated that nanosized hydroxyapatite was the predominant calcium phosphate phase produced during the co-precipitation aqueous process for both the chitosan and CMC biocomposites. 26652373 12 18 dep cartilage 2877:2885 arg1 tissues 2896:2902 tissues 2896:2902 tissues 2896:2902 Thus, the results of this study demonstrate that these novel bionanocomposite membranes offer promising perspectives as biomaterials for potential repair and replacement of cartilage and bone tissues. 26652373 4 19 theme andMTT 1151:1156 arg1 spectroscopy 1043:1054 infrared spectroscopy 1034:1054 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 1034:1061 The bionanocomposites were extensively characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity. 26652373 4 19 theme andMTT 1151:1156 arg1 assays 1238:1243 andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays 1151:1243 andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity 1151:1265 The bionanocomposites were extensively characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity. 26652373 6 20 theme chitosan 1566:1573 arg1 ligands 1581:1587 carboxyl-functionalized chitosan (CMC) ligands 1542:1587 carboxyl-functionalized chitosan (CMC) ligands 1542:1587 The SEMimages revealed that the use of carboxyl-functionalized chitosan (CMC) ligands significantly reduced the average size of theHA nanoparticles and caused the formation of a narrower size distribution (90±20nm) compared to theHAnanoparticles producedwith chitosan ligands (220±50nm). 26652373 10 21 theme model 2405:2409 arg1 line 2416:2419 a human osteoblast-like model cell line 2381:2419 a human osteoblast-like model cell line (SAOS) according to MTT in vitro assays 2381:2459 These novel hybrid systems based on chitosan and chitosan-derivatives with nHA composites were non-cytotoxic to a human osteoblast-like model cell line (SAOS) according to MTT in vitro assays. 26652373 4 22 theme micro-CT 1126:1133 arg1 spectroscopy 1043:1054 infrared spectroscopy 1034:1054 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 1034:1061 The bionanocomposites were extensively characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity. 26652373 4 22 theme micro-CT 1126:1133 arg1 μCT 1145:1147 μCT 1145:1147 μCT 1145:1147 The bionanocomposites were extensively characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity. 26652373 4 22 theme micro-CT 1126:1133 arg1 analysis 1135:1142 X-ray micro-CT analysis 1120:1142 X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT) 1120:1148 The bionanocomposites were extensively characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity. 26652373 3 23 theme polymeric 793:801 arg1 network 803:809 the polymeric network 789:809 the polymeric network of the biocomposites 789:830 Biopolymers were used as capping ligands for simultaneously controlling the nucleation and growth of the nHA particles during the precipitation process and also to form the polymeric network of the biocomposites. 26652373 8 24 theme CMC-based 1928:1936 arg1 composites 1938:1947 the CMC-based composites 1924:1947 the CMC-based composites 1924:1947 However, the CMC-based composites were more homogeneously distributed, which was endorsed by the images collected via X-ray micro-CT. 26652373 1 25 theme required 336:343 arg1 properties 345:354 the required properties 332:354 the required properties 332:354 Synthetic biomaterials based on calcium phosphates (CaP) have been widely studied for bone tissue reconstruction therapies, but no definitive solution that fulfills all of the required properties has been identified. 26652373 5 26 from level 1496:1500 arg1 kinetics 1425:1432 kinetics 1425:1432 kinetics 1425:1432 The results demonstrated that the ligands used during the synthesis highly affected the composites produced, primarily due the changes in the mechanisms and kinetics of nucleation and growth of the HA particles at the nanoscale level. 26652373 5 26 from level 1496:1500 arg1 mechanisms 1410:1419 mechanisms 1410:1419 mechanisms 1410:1419 The results demonstrated that the ligands used during the synthesis highly affected the composites produced, primarily due the changes in the mechanisms and kinetics of nucleation and growth of the HA particles at the nanoscale level. 26652373 5 26 from level 1496:1500 arg1 growth 1452:1457 growth 1452:1457 growth 1452:1457 The results demonstrated that the ligands used during the synthesis highly affected the composites produced, primarily due the changes in the mechanisms and kinetics of nucleation and growth of the HA particles at the nanoscale level. 26652373 5 26 from level 1496:1500 arg1 nucleation 1437:1446 nucleation 1437:1446 nucleation 1437:1446 The results demonstrated that the ligands used during the synthesis highly affected the composites produced, primarily due the changes in the mechanisms and kinetics of nucleation and growth of the HA particles at the nanoscale level. 26652373 2 27 theme chitosan 495:502 arg1 matrices 545:552 chitosan (CHI) and O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) matrices 495:552 chitosan (CHI) and O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) matrices produced using a one-step co-precipitation method in water media 495:617 Thus, this study reports the synthesis of composite membranes based on nanohydroxyapatite particles (nHA) embedded in chitosan (CHI) and O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) matrices produced using a one-step co-precipitation method in water media. 26652373 6 28 theme theHAnanoparticles 1730:1747 arg1 220±50nm 1780:1787 220±50nm 1780:1787 220±50nm 1780:1787 The SEMimages revealed that the use of carboxyl-functionalized chitosan (CMC) ligands significantly reduced the average size of theHA nanoparticles and caused the formation of a narrower size distribution (90±20nm) compared to theHAnanoparticles producedwith chitosan ligands (220±50nm). 26652373 6 28 theme theHAnanoparticles 1730:1747 arg1 ligands 1771:1777 theHAnanoparticles producedwith chitosan ligands 1730:1777 theHAnanoparticles producedwith chitosan ligands (220±50nm) 1730:1788 The SEMimages revealed that the use of carboxyl-functionalized chitosan (CMC) ligands significantly reduced the average size of theHA nanoparticles and caused the formation of a narrower size distribution (90±20nm) compared to theHAnanoparticles producedwith chitosan ligands (220±50nm). 26652373 5 29 theme HA 1466:1467 arg1 particles 1469:1477 the HA particles 1462:1477 the HA particles 1462:1477 The results demonstrated that the ligands used during the synthesis highly affected the composites produced, primarily due the changes in the mechanisms and kinetics of nucleation and growth of the HA particles at the nanoscale level. 26652373 11 30 theme size 2698:2701 arg1 refinement 2666:2675 the refinement 2662:2675 the refinement of the nanoparticles size 2662:2701 Moreover, the CMC-nHA biocomposites revealed a striking improvement in the cell viability response compared to the CHI-nHA biocomposite, which was attributed to the much higher surface area caused by the refinement of the nanoparticles size. 26652373 9 31 theme chitosan 2237:2244 arg1 biocomposites 2254:2266 both the chitosan and CMC biocomposites 2228:2266 biocomposites 2254:2266 The FTIR spectra and the XRD analysis indicated that nanosized hydroxyapatite was the predominant calcium phosphate phase produced during the co-precipitation aqueous process for both the chitosan and CMC biocomposites. 26652373 10 32 dep in 2445:2446 arg1 vitro 2448:2452 vitro 2448:2452 vitro 2448:2452 These novel hybrid systems based on chitosan and chitosan-derivatives with nHA composites were non-cytotoxic to a human osteoblast-like model cell line (SAOS) according to MTT in vitro assays. 26652373 6 33 theme nanoparticles 1637:1649 arg1 size 1623:1626 the average size 1611:1626 the average size of theHA nanoparticles 1611:1649 The SEMimages revealed that the use of carboxyl-functionalized chitosan (CMC) ligands significantly reduced the average size of theHA nanoparticles and caused the formation of a narrower size distribution (90±20nm) compared to theHAnanoparticles producedwith chitosan ligands (220±50nm). 26652373 2 34 theme chitosan 530:537 arg1 matrices 545:552 chitosan (CHI) and O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) matrices 495:552 chitosan (CHI) and O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) matrices produced using a one-step co-precipitation method in water media 495:617 Thus, this study reports the synthesis of composite membranes based on nanohydroxyapatite particles (nHA) embedded in chitosan (CHI) and O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) matrices produced using a one-step co-precipitation method in water media. 26652373 3 35 theme biocomposites 818:830 arg1 network 803:809 the polymeric network 789:809 the polymeric network of the biocomposites 789:830 Biopolymers were used as capping ligands for simultaneously controlling the nucleation and growth of the nHA particles during the precipitation process and also to form the polymeric network of the biocomposites. 26652373 4 36 theme energy-dispersive 972:988 arg1 spectroscopy 996:1007 energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 972:1007 energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) 972:1013 The bionanocomposites were extensively characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity. 26652373 4 36 theme energy-dispersive 972:988 arg1 microscopy 898:907 light microscopy 892:907 light microscopy (LM) 892:912 The bionanocomposites were extensively characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity. 26652373 4 36 theme energy-dispersive 972:988 arg1 EDX 1010:1012 EDX 1010:1012 EDX 1010:1012 The bionanocomposites were extensively characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity. 26652373 0 37 from Effects 53:59 arg1 growth 83:88 growth 83:88 growth 83:88 Chitosan and carboxymethyl-chitosan capping ligands: Effects on the nucleation and growth of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for producing biocomposite membranes. 26652373 0 37 from Effects 53:59 arg1 nucleation 68:77 nucleation 68:77 nucleation 68:77 Chitosan and carboxymethyl-chitosan capping ligands: Effects on the nucleation and growth of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for producing biocomposite membranes. 26652373 4 38 theme cell 1219:1222 arg1 spectroscopy 1043:1054 infrared spectroscopy 1034:1054 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 1034:1061 The bionanocomposites were extensively characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity. 26652373 4 38 theme cell 1219:1222 arg1 assays 1238:1243 andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays 1151:1243 andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity 1151:1265 The bionanocomposites were extensively characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity. 26652373 0 39 theme nanoparticles 108:120 arg1 growth 83:88 growth 83:88 growth 83:88 Chitosan and carboxymethyl-chitosan capping ligands: Effects on the nucleation and growth of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for producing biocomposite membranes. 26652373 0 39 theme nanoparticles 108:120 arg1 nucleation 68:77 nucleation 68:77 nucleation 68:77 Chitosan and carboxymethyl-chitosan capping ligands: Effects on the nucleation and growth of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for producing biocomposite membranes. 26652373 12 40 theme bionanocomposite 2765:2780 arg1 membranes 2782:2790 these novel bionanocomposite membranes 2753:2790 these novel bionanocomposite membranes 2753:2790 Thus, the results of this study demonstrate that these novel bionanocomposite membranes offer promising perspectives as biomaterials for potential repair and replacement of cartilage and bone tissues. 26652373 6 41 theme average 1615:1621 arg1 size 1623:1626 the average size 1611:1626 the average size of theHA nanoparticles 1611:1649 The SEMimages revealed that the use of carboxyl-functionalized chitosan (CMC) ligands significantly reduced the average size of theHA nanoparticles and caused the formation of a narrower size distribution (90±20nm) compared to theHAnanoparticles producedwith chitosan ligands (220±50nm). 26652373 10 42 theme MTT 2441:2443 arg1 assays 2454:2459 MTT in vitro assays 2441:2459 MTT in vitro assays 2441:2459 These novel hybrid systems based on chitosan and chitosan-derivatives with nHA composites were non-cytotoxic to a human osteoblast-like model cell line (SAOS) according to MTT in vitro assays. 26652373 6 43 theme distribution 1695:1706 arg1 formation 1666:1674 the formation 1662:1674 the formation of a narrower size distribution (90±20nm) 1662:1716 The SEMimages revealed that the use of carboxyl-functionalized chitosan (CMC) ligands significantly reduced the average size of theHA nanoparticles and caused the formation of a narrower size distribution (90±20nm) compared to theHAnanoparticles producedwith chitosan ligands (220±50nm). 26652373 0 44 theme Chitosan 0:7 arg1 ligands 44:50 Chitosan and carboxymethyl-chitosan capping ligands 0:50 Chitosan and carboxymethyl-chitosan capping ligands: Effects on the nucleation and growth of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for producing biocomposite membranes. 0:158 Chitosan and carboxymethyl-chitosan capping ligands: Effects on the nucleation and growth of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for producing biocomposite membranes. 26652373 3 45 dep nucleation 696:705 arg1 the 692:694 the 692:694 the 692:694 Biopolymers were used as capping ligands for simultaneously controlling the nucleation and growth of the nHA particles during the precipitation process and also to form the polymeric network of the biocomposites. 26652373 3 46 used used 637:640 arg2 Biopolymers 620:630 Biopolymers 620:630 Biopolymers 620:630 Biopolymers were used as capping ligands for simultaneously controlling the nucleation and growth of the nHA particles during the precipitation process and also to form the polymeric network of the biocomposites. 26652373 3 46 used used 637:640 arg2 ligands 653:659 capping ligands 645:659 capping ligands for simultaneously controlling the nucleation and growth of the nHA particles during the precipitation process and also to form the polymeric network of the biocomposites 645:830 Biopolymers were used as capping ligands for simultaneously controlling the nucleation and growth of the nHA particles during the precipitation process and also to form the polymeric network of the biocomposites. 26652373 4 47 theme 4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2 1162:1184 arg1 andMTT 1151:1156 andMTT 1151:1156 andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity 1151:1265 The bionanocomposites were extensively characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity. 26652373 4 47 theme 4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2 1162:1184 arg1 -2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide 1186:1216 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide 1159:1216 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide 1159:1216 The bionanocomposites were extensively characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity. 26652373 2 48 theme membranes 429:437 arg1 synthesis 406:414 the synthesis 402:414 the synthesis of composite membranes based on nanohydroxyapatite particles (nHA) embedded in chitosan (CHI) and O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) matrices produced using a one-step co-precipitation method in water media 402:617 Thus, this study reports the synthesis of composite membranes based on nanohydroxyapatite particles (nHA) embedded in chitosan (CHI) and O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) matrices produced using a one-step co-precipitation method in water media. 26652373 0 49 theme carboxymethyl-chitosan 13:34 arg1 ligands 44:50 Chitosan and carboxymethyl-chitosan capping ligands 0:50 Chitosan and carboxymethyl-chitosan capping ligands: Effects on the nucleation and growth of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for producing biocomposite membranes. 0:158 Chitosan and carboxymethyl-chitosan capping ligands: Effects on the nucleation and growth of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for producing biocomposite membranes. 26652373 2 50 theme embedded 483:490 arg1 nHA 478:480 nHA 478:480 nHA 478:480 Thus, this study reports the synthesis of composite membranes based on nanohydroxyapatite particles (nHA) embedded in chitosan (CHI) and O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) matrices produced using a one-step co-precipitation method in water media. 26652373 2 50 theme embedded 483:490 arg1 particles 467:475 nanohydroxyapatite particles 448:475 nanohydroxyapatite particles (nHA) embedded in chitosan (CHI) and O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) matrices produced using a one-step co-precipitation method in water media 448:617 Thus, this study reports the synthesis of composite membranes based on nanohydroxyapatite particles (nHA) embedded in chitosan (CHI) and O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) matrices produced using a one-step co-precipitation method in water media. 26652373 5 51 theme nanoscale 1486:1494 arg1 level 1496:1500 the nanoscale level 1482:1500 the nanoscale level 1482:1500 The results demonstrated that the ligands used during the synthesis highly affected the composites produced, primarily due the changes in the mechanisms and kinetics of nucleation and growth of the HA particles at the nanoscale level. 26652373 7 52 dep formed 1868:1873 arg1 dispersed 1882:1890 dispersed 1882:1890 were formed evenly dispersed in the polymer matrix 1863:1912 The same trend was verified by the AFM analysis,where the nHA particles were formed evenly dispersed in the polymer matrix. 26652373 0 53 dep ligands 44:50 arg1 Effects 53:59 Effects 53:59 Chitosan and carboxymethyl-chitosan capping ligands: Effects on the nucleation and growth of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for producing biocomposite membranes. 0:158 Chitosan and carboxymethyl-chitosan capping ligands: Effects on the nucleation and growth of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for producing biocomposite membranes. 26652373 12 54 theme promising 2798:2806 arg1 perspectives 2808:2819 promising perspectives 2798:2819 promising perspectives 2798:2819 Thus, the results of this study demonstrate that these novel bionanocomposite membranes offer promising perspectives as biomaterials for potential repair and replacement of cartilage and bone tissues. 26652373 12 54 theme promising 2798:2806 arg1 biomaterials 2824:2835 biomaterials 2824:2835 biomaterials for potential repair and replacement of cartilage and bone tissues 2824:2902 Thus, the results of this study demonstrate that these novel bionanocomposite membranes offer promising perspectives as biomaterials for potential repair and replacement of cartilage and bone tissues. 26652373 5 55 from mechanisms 1410:1419 arg1 level 1496:1500 the nanoscale level 1482:1500 the nanoscale level 1482:1500 The results demonstrated that the ligands used during the synthesis highly affected the composites produced, primarily due the changes in the mechanisms and kinetics of nucleation and growth of the HA particles at the nanoscale level. 26652373 6 56 theme chitosan 1762:1769 arg1 220±50nm 1780:1787 220±50nm 1780:1787 220±50nm 1780:1787 The SEMimages revealed that the use of carboxyl-functionalized chitosan (CMC) ligands significantly reduced the average size of theHA nanoparticles and caused the formation of a narrower size distribution (90±20nm) compared to theHAnanoparticles producedwith chitosan ligands (220±50nm). 26652373 6 56 theme chitosan 1762:1769 arg1 ligands 1771:1777 theHAnanoparticles producedwith chitosan ligands 1730:1777 theHAnanoparticles producedwith chitosan ligands (220±50nm) 1730:1788 The SEMimages revealed that the use of carboxyl-functionalized chitosan (CMC) ligands significantly reduced the average size of theHA nanoparticles and caused the formation of a narrower size distribution (90±20nm) compared to theHAnanoparticles producedwith chitosan ligands (220±50nm). 26652373 4 57 theme cell 1249:1252 arg1 cytotoxicity 1254:1265 cell cytotoxicity 1249:1265 cell cytotoxicity 1249:1265 The bionanocomposites were extensively characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity. 26652373 1 58 theme bone 246:249 arg1 therapies 273:281 bone tissue reconstruction therapies 246:281 bone tissue reconstruction therapies 246:281 Synthetic biomaterials based on calcium phosphates (CaP) have been widely studied for bone tissue reconstruction therapies, but no definitive solution that fulfills all of the required properties has been identified. 26652373 11 59 theme CHI-nHA 2577:2583 arg1 biocomposite 2585:2596 the CHI-nHA biocomposite 2573:2596 the CHI-nHA biocomposite 2573:2596 Moreover, the CMC-nHA biocomposites revealed a striking improvement in the cell viability response compared to the CHI-nHA biocomposite, which was attributed to the much higher surface area caused by the refinement of the nanoparticles size. 26652373 10 60 theme human 2383:2387 arg1 line 2416:2419 a human osteoblast-like model cell line 2381:2419 a human osteoblast-like model cell line (SAOS) according to MTT in vitro assays 2381:2459 These novel hybrid systems based on chitosan and chitosan-derivatives with nHA composites were non-cytotoxic to a human osteoblast-like model cell line (SAOS) according to MTT in vitro assays. 26652373 9 61 theme predominant 2135:2145 arg1 phase 2165:2169 the predominant calcium phosphate phase 2131:2169 the predominant calcium phosphate phase produced during the co-precipitation aqueous process for both the chitosan and CMC biocomposites 2131:2266 The FTIR spectra and the XRD analysis indicated that nanosized hydroxyapatite was the predominant calcium phosphate phase produced during the co-precipitation aqueous process for both the chitosan and CMC biocomposites. 26652373 9 61 theme predominant 2135:2145 arg1 hydroxyapatite 2112:2125 nanosized hydroxyapatite 2102:2125 nanosized hydroxyapatite 2102:2125 The FTIR spectra and the XRD analysis indicated that nanosized hydroxyapatite was the predominant calcium phosphate phase produced during the co-precipitation aqueous process for both the chitosan and CMC biocomposites. 26652373 1 62 theme reconstruction 258:271 arg1 therapies 273:281 bone tissue reconstruction therapies 246:281 bone tissue reconstruction therapies 246:281 Synthetic biomaterials based on calcium phosphates (CaP) have been widely studied for bone tissue reconstruction therapies, but no definitive solution that fulfills all of the required properties has been identified. 26652373 11 63 theme CMC-nHA 2476:2482 arg1 biocomposites 2484:2496 the CMC-nHA biocomposites 2472:2496 the CMC-nHA biocomposites 2472:2496 Moreover, the CMC-nHA biocomposites revealed a striking improvement in the cell viability response compared to the CHI-nHA biocomposite, which was attributed to the much higher surface area caused by the refinement of the nanoparticles size. 26652373 4 64 theme light 892:896 arg1 microscopy 898:907 light microscopy 892:907 light microscopy (LM) 892:912 The bionanocomposites were extensively characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity. 26652373 4 64 theme light 892:896 arg1 SEM/TEM 962:968 SEM/TEM 962:968 SEM/TEM 962:968 The bionanocomposites were extensively characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity. 26652373 4 64 theme light 892:896 arg1 LM 910:911 LM 910:911 LM 910:911 The bionanocomposites were extensively characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity. 26652373 4 64 theme light 892:896 arg1 spectroscopy 996:1007 energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 972:1007 energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) 972:1013 The bionanocomposites were extensively characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity. 26652373 5 65 from kinetics 1425:1432 arg1 level 1496:1500 the nanoscale level 1482:1500 the nanoscale level 1482:1500 The results demonstrated that the ligands used during the synthesis highly affected the composites produced, primarily due the changes in the mechanisms and kinetics of nucleation and growth of the HA particles at the nanoscale level. 26652373 9 66 theme nanosized 2102:2110 arg1 phase 2165:2169 the predominant calcium phosphate phase 2131:2169 the predominant calcium phosphate phase produced during the co-precipitation aqueous process for both the chitosan and CMC biocomposites 2131:2266 The FTIR spectra and the XRD analysis indicated that nanosized hydroxyapatite was the predominant calcium phosphate phase produced during the co-precipitation aqueous process for both the chitosan and CMC biocomposites. 26652373 9 66 theme nanosized 2102:2110 arg1 hydroxyapatite 2112:2125 nanosized hydroxyapatite 2102:2125 nanosized hydroxyapatite 2102:2125 The FTIR spectra and the XRD analysis indicated that nanosized hydroxyapatite was the predominant calcium phosphate phase produced during the co-precipitation aqueous process for both the chitosan and CMC biocomposites. 26652373 2 67 theme co-precipitation 580:595 arg1 method 597:602 a one-step co-precipitation method 569:602 a one-step co-precipitation method in water media 569:617 Thus, this study reports the synthesis of composite membranes based on nanohydroxyapatite particles (nHA) embedded in chitosan (CHI) and O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) matrices produced using a one-step co-precipitation method in water media. 26652373 5 68 theme nucleation 1437:1446 arg1 kinetics 1425:1432 kinetics 1425:1432 kinetics 1425:1432 The results demonstrated that the ligands used during the synthesis highly affected the composites produced, primarily due the changes in the mechanisms and kinetics of nucleation and growth of the HA particles at the nanoscale level. 26652373 5 68 theme nucleation 1437:1446 arg1 mechanisms 1410:1419 mechanisms 1410:1419 mechanisms 1410:1419 The results demonstrated that the ligands used during the synthesis highly affected the composites produced, primarily due the changes in the mechanisms and kinetics of nucleation and growth of the HA particles at the nanoscale level. 26652373 1 69 theme calcium 192:198 arg1 CaP 212:214 CaP 212:214 CaP 212:214 Synthetic biomaterials based on calcium phosphates (CaP) have been widely studied for bone tissue reconstruction therapies, but no definitive solution that fulfills all of the required properties has been identified. 26652373 1 69 theme calcium 192:198 arg1 phosphates 200:209 calcium phosphates 192:209 calcium phosphates (CaP) 192:215 Synthetic biomaterials based on calcium phosphates (CaP) have been widely studied for bone tissue reconstruction therapies, but no definitive solution that fulfills all of the required properties has been identified. 26652373 4 70 theme X-ray 1120:1124 arg1 spectroscopy 1043:1054 infrared spectroscopy 1034:1054 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 1034:1061 The bionanocomposites were extensively characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity. 26652373 4 70 theme X-ray 1120:1124 arg1 μCT 1145:1147 μCT 1145:1147 μCT 1145:1147 The bionanocomposites were extensively characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity. 26652373 4 70 theme X-ray 1120:1124 arg1 analysis 1135:1142 X-ray micro-CT analysis 1120:1142 X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT) 1120:1148 The bionanocomposites were extensively characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity. 26652373 3 71 theme nHA 725:727 arg1 particles 729:737 the nHA particles 721:737 the nHA particles 721:737 Biopolymers were used as capping ligands for simultaneously controlling the nucleation and growth of the nHA particles during the precipitation process and also to form the polymeric network of the biocomposites. 26652373 4 72 theme force 1096:1100 arg1 microscopy 1102:1111 atomic force microscopy 1089:1111 atomic force microscopy (AFM) 1089:1117 The bionanocomposites were extensively characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity. 26652373 4 72 theme force 1096:1100 arg1 spectroscopy 1043:1054 infrared spectroscopy 1034:1054 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 1034:1061 The bionanocomposites were extensively characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity. 26652373 4 72 theme force 1096:1100 arg1 AFM 1114:1116 AFM 1114:1116 AFM 1114:1116 The bionanocomposites were extensively characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity. 26652373 9 73 theme phosphate 2155:2163 arg1 phase 2165:2169 the predominant calcium phosphate phase 2131:2169 the predominant calcium phosphate phase produced during the co-precipitation aqueous process for both the chitosan and CMC biocomposites 2131:2266 The FTIR spectra and the XRD analysis indicated that nanosized hydroxyapatite was the predominant calcium phosphate phase produced during the co-precipitation aqueous process for both the chitosan and CMC biocomposites. 26652373 9 73 theme phosphate 2155:2163 arg1 hydroxyapatite 2112:2125 nanosized hydroxyapatite 2102:2125 nanosized hydroxyapatite 2102:2125 The FTIR spectra and the XRD analysis indicated that nanosized hydroxyapatite was the predominant calcium phosphate phase produced during the co-precipitation aqueous process for both the chitosan and CMC biocomposites. 26652373 0 74 theme biocomposite 136:147 arg1 membranes 149:157 biocomposite membranes 136:157 biocomposite membranes 136:157 Chitosan and carboxymethyl-chitosan capping ligands: Effects on the nucleation and growth of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for producing biocomposite membranes. 26652373 4 75 theme transmission 928:939 arg1 microscopy 950:959 transmission electron microscopy 928:959 transmission electron microscopy 928:959 The bionanocomposites were extensively characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity. 26652373 6 76 theme size 1690:1693 arg1 90±20nm 1709:1715 90±20nm 1709:1715 90±20nm 1709:1715 The SEMimages revealed that the use of carboxyl-functionalized chitosan (CMC) ligands significantly reduced the average size of theHA nanoparticles and caused the formation of a narrower size distribution (90±20nm) compared to theHAnanoparticles producedwith chitosan ligands (220±50nm). 26652373 6 76 theme size 1690:1693 arg1 distribution 1695:1706 a narrower size distribution 1679:1706 a narrower size distribution (90±20nm) 1679:1716 The SEMimages revealed that the use of carboxyl-functionalized chitosan (CMC) ligands significantly reduced the average size of theHA nanoparticles and caused the formation of a narrower size distribution (90±20nm) compared to theHAnanoparticles producedwith chitosan ligands (220±50nm). 26652373 3 77 theme precipitation 750:762 arg1 process 764:770 the precipitation process 746:770 the precipitation process 746:770 Biopolymers were used as capping ligands for simultaneously controlling the nucleation and growth of the nHA particles during the precipitation process and also to form the polymeric network of the biocomposites. 26652373 12 78 theme potential 2841:2849 arg1 repair 2851:2856 repair 2851:2856 repair 2851:2856 Thus, the results of this study demonstrate that these novel bionanocomposite membranes offer promising perspectives as biomaterials for potential repair and replacement of cartilage and bone tissues. 26652373 10 79 theme nHA 2344:2346 arg1 composites 2348:2357 nHA composites 2344:2357 nHA composites 2344:2357 These novel hybrid systems based on chitosan and chitosan-derivatives with nHA composites were non-cytotoxic to a human osteoblast-like model cell line (SAOS) according to MTT in vitro assays. 26652373 11 80 theme nanoparticles 2684:2696 arg1 size 2698:2701 the nanoparticles size 2680:2701 the nanoparticles size 2680:2701 Moreover, the CMC-nHA biocomposites revealed a striking improvement in the cell viability response compared to the CHI-nHA biocomposite, which was attributed to the much higher surface area caused by the refinement of the nanoparticles size. 26652373 9 81 theme aqueous 2208:2214 arg1 process 2216:2222 the co-precipitation aqueous process 2187:2222 the co-precipitation aqueous process for both the chitosan and CMC biocomposites 2187:2266 The FTIR spectra and the XRD analysis indicated that nanosized hydroxyapatite was the predominant calcium phosphate phase produced during the co-precipitation aqueous process for both the chitosan and CMC biocomposites. 26652373 11 82 theme viability 2542:2550 arg1 response 2552:2559 the cell viability response 2533:2559 the cell viability response compared to the CHI-nHA biocomposite 2533:2596 Moreover, the CMC-nHA biocomposites revealed a striking improvement in the cell viability response compared to the CHI-nHA biocomposite, which was attributed to the much higher surface area caused by the refinement of the nanoparticles size. 26652373 9 83 theme FTIR 2053:2056 arg1 spectra 2058:2064 The FTIR spectra 2049:2064 The FTIR spectra 2049:2064 The FTIR spectra and the XRD analysis indicated that nanosized hydroxyapatite was the predominant calcium phosphate phase produced during the co-precipitation aqueous process for both the chitosan and CMC biocomposites. 26652373 6 84 theme carboxyl-functionalized 1542:1564 arg1 CMC 1576:1578 CMC 1576:1578 CMC 1576:1578 The SEMimages revealed that the use of carboxyl-functionalized chitosan (CMC) ligands significantly reduced the average size of theHA nanoparticles and caused the formation of a narrower size distribution (90±20nm) compared to theHAnanoparticles producedwith chitosan ligands (220±50nm). 26652373 6 84 theme carboxyl-functionalized 1542:1564 arg1 chitosan 1566:1573 carboxyl-functionalized chitosan 1542:1573 carboxyl-functionalized chitosan (CMC) ligands 1542:1587 The SEMimages revealed that the use of carboxyl-functionalized chitosan (CMC) ligands significantly reduced the average size of theHA nanoparticles and caused the formation of a narrower size distribution (90±20nm) compared to theHAnanoparticles producedwith chitosan ligands (220±50nm). 26652373 1 85 theme Synthetic 160:168 arg1 biomaterials 170:181 Synthetic biomaterials 160:181 Synthetic biomaterials based on calcium phosphates (CaP) 160:215 Synthetic biomaterials based on calcium phosphates (CaP) have been widely studied for bone tissue reconstruction therapies, but no definitive solution that fulfills all of the required properties has been identified. 26652373 4 86 theme X-ray 990:994 arg1 spectroscopy 996:1007 energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 972:1007 energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) 972:1013 The bionanocomposites were extensively characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity. 26652373 4 86 theme X-ray 990:994 arg1 microscopy 898:907 light microscopy 892:907 light microscopy (LM) 892:912 The bionanocomposites were extensively characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity. 26652373 4 86 theme X-ray 990:994 arg1 EDX 1010:1012 EDX 1010:1012 EDX 1010:1012 The bionanocomposites were extensively characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity. 26652373 6 87 theme producedwith 1749:1760 arg1 220±50nm 1780:1787 220±50nm 1780:1787 220±50nm 1780:1787 The SEMimages revealed that the use of carboxyl-functionalized chitosan (CMC) ligands significantly reduced the average size of theHA nanoparticles and caused the formation of a narrower size distribution (90±20nm) compared to theHAnanoparticles producedwith chitosan ligands (220±50nm). 26652373 6 87 theme producedwith 1749:1760 arg1 ligands 1771:1777 theHAnanoparticles producedwith chitosan ligands 1730:1777 theHAnanoparticles producedwith chitosan ligands (220±50nm) 1730:1788 The SEMimages revealed that the use of carboxyl-functionalized chitosan (CMC) ligands significantly reduced the average size of theHA nanoparticles and caused the formation of a narrower size distribution (90±20nm) compared to theHAnanoparticles producedwith chitosan ligands (220±50nm). 26652373 5 88 dep mechanisms 1410:1419 arg1 the 1406:1408 the 1406:1408 the 1406:1408 The results demonstrated that the ligands used during the synthesis highly affected the composites produced, primarily due the changes in the mechanisms and kinetics of nucleation and growth of the HA particles at the nanoscale level. 26652373 12 89 theme cartilage 2877:2885 arg1 repair 2851:2856 repair 2851:2856 repair 2851:2856 Thus, the results of this study demonstrate that these novel bionanocomposite membranes offer promising perspectives as biomaterials for potential repair and replacement of cartilage and bone tissues. 26652373 12 89 theme cartilage 2877:2885 arg1 replacement 2862:2872 replacement 2862:2872 replacement 2862:2872 Thus, the results of this study demonstrate that these novel bionanocomposite membranes offer promising perspectives as biomaterials for potential repair and replacement of cartilage and bone tissues. 26652373 5 90 theme particles 1469:1477 arg1 growth 1452:1457 growth 1452:1457 growth 1452:1457 The results demonstrated that the ligands used during the synthesis highly affected the composites produced, primarily due the changes in the mechanisms and kinetics of nucleation and growth of the HA particles at the nanoscale level. 26652373 5 90 theme particles 1469:1477 arg1 nucleation 1437:1446 nucleation 1437:1446 nucleation 1437:1446 The results demonstrated that the ligands used during the synthesis highly affected the composites produced, primarily due the changes in the mechanisms and kinetics of nucleation and growth of the HA particles at the nanoscale level. 26652373 0 91 theme hydroxyapatite 93:106 arg1 nanoparticles 108:120 hydroxyapatite nanoparticles 93:120 hydroxyapatite nanoparticles 93:120 Chitosan and carboxymethyl-chitosan capping ligands: Effects on the nucleation and growth of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for producing biocomposite membranes. 26652373 6 92 theme theHA 1631:1635 arg1 nanoparticles 1637:1649 theHA nanoparticles 1631:1649 theHA nanoparticles 1631:1649 The SEMimages revealed that the use of carboxyl-functionalized chitosan (CMC) ligands significantly reduced the average size of theHA nanoparticles and caused the formation of a narrower size distribution (90±20nm) compared to theHAnanoparticles producedwith chitosan ligands (220±50nm). 26652373 2 93 theme O-carboxymethyl 514:528 arg1 CMC 540:542 CMC 540:542 CMC 540:542 Thus, this study reports the synthesis of composite membranes based on nanohydroxyapatite particles (nHA) embedded in chitosan (CHI) and O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) matrices produced using a one-step co-precipitation method in water media. 26652373 2 93 theme O-carboxymethyl 514:528 arg1 chitosan 530:537 O-carboxymethyl chitosan 514:537 O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) 514:543 Thus, this study reports the synthesis of composite membranes based on nanohydroxyapatite particles (nHA) embedded in chitosan (CHI) and O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) matrices produced using a one-step co-precipitation method in water media. 26652373 4 94 theme proliferation 1224:1236 arg1 spectroscopy 1043:1054 infrared spectroscopy 1034:1054 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 1034:1061 The bionanocomposites were extensively characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity. 26652373 4 94 theme proliferation 1224:1236 arg1 assays 1238:1243 andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays 1151:1243 andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity 1151:1265 The bionanocomposites were extensively characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity. 26652373 12 95 theme study 2730:2734 arg1 results 2714:2720 the results 2710:2720 the results of this study 2710:2734 Thus, the results of this study demonstrate that these novel bionanocomposite membranes offer promising perspectives as biomaterials for potential repair and replacement of cartilage and bone tissues. 26652373 7 96 theme polymer 1899:1905 arg1 matrix 1907:1912 the polymer matrix 1895:1912 the polymer matrix 1895:1912 The same trend was verified by the AFM analysis,where the nHA particles were formed evenly dispersed in the polymer matrix. 26652373 10 97 theme cell 2411:2414 arg1 line 2416:2419 a human osteoblast-like model cell line 2381:2419 a human osteoblast-like model cell line (SAOS) according to MTT in vitro assays 2381:2459 These novel hybrid systems based on chitosan and chitosan-derivatives with nHA composites were non-cytotoxic to a human osteoblast-like model cell line (SAOS) according to MTT in vitro assays. 26652373 2 98 from embedded 483:490 arg1 matrices 545:552 chitosan (CHI) and O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) matrices 495:552 chitosan (CHI) and O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) matrices produced using a one-step co-precipitation method in water media 495:617 Thus, this study reports the synthesis of composite membranes based on nanohydroxyapatite particles (nHA) embedded in chitosan (CHI) and O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) matrices produced using a one-step co-precipitation method in water media. 26652373 5 99 theme growth 1452:1457 arg1 kinetics 1425:1432 kinetics 1425:1432 kinetics 1425:1432 The results demonstrated that the ligands used during the synthesis highly affected the composites produced, primarily due the changes in the mechanisms and kinetics of nucleation and growth of the HA particles at the nanoscale level. 26652373 5 99 theme growth 1452:1457 arg1 mechanisms 1410:1419 mechanisms 1410:1419 mechanisms 1410:1419 The results demonstrated that the ligands used during the synthesis highly affected the composites produced, primarily due the changes in the mechanisms and kinetics of nucleation and growth of the HA particles at the nanoscale level. 26652373 4 100 dep using 886:890 arg1 transform 1024:1032 transform 1024:1032 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity 1024:1265 The bionanocomposites were extensively characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray micro-CT analysis (μCT), andMTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation assays for cell cytotoxicity. 26652373 11 101 theme striking 2509:2516 arg1 improvement 2518:2528 a striking improvement 2507:2528 a striking improvement 2507:2528 Moreover, the CMC-nHA biocomposites revealed a striking improvement in the cell viability response compared to the CHI-nHA biocomposite, which was attributed to the much higher surface area caused by the refinement of the nanoparticles size. 26652373 2 102 theme nanohydroxyapatite 448:465 arg1 nHA 478:480 nHA 478:480 nHA 478:480 Thus, this study reports the synthesis of composite membranes based on nanohydroxyapatite particles (nHA) embedded in chitosan (CHI) and O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) matrices produced using a one-step co-precipitation method in water media. 26652373 2 102 theme nanohydroxyapatite 448:465 arg1 particles 467:475 nanohydroxyapatite particles 448:475 nanohydroxyapatite particles (nHA) embedded in chitosan (CHI) and O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) matrices produced using a one-step co-precipitation method in water media 448:617 Thus, this study reports the synthesis of composite membranes based on nanohydroxyapatite particles (nHA) embedded in chitosan (CHI) and O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) matrices produced using a one-step co-precipitation method in water media. 26652373 2 103 from method 597:602 arg1 media 613:617 water media 607:617 water media 607:617 Thus, this study reports the synthesis of composite membranes based on nanohydroxyapatite particles (nHA) embedded in chitosan (CHI) and O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) matrices produced using a one-step co-precipitation method in water media. 26652373 9 104 theme XRD 2074:2076 arg1 analysis 2078:2085 the XRD analysis 2070:2085 the XRD analysis 2070:2085 The FTIR spectra and the XRD analysis indicated that nanosized hydroxyapatite was the predominant calcium phosphate phase produced during the co-precipitation aqueous process for both the chitosan and CMC biocomposites. 26652373 11 105 theme cell 2537:2540 arg1 response 2552:2559 the cell viability response 2533:2559 the cell viability response compared to the CHI-nHA biocomposite 2533:2596 Moreover, the CMC-nHA biocomposites revealed a striking improvement in the cell viability response compared to the CHI-nHA biocomposite, which was attributed to the much higher surface area caused by the refinement of the nanoparticles size. 26652373 0 106 theme capping 36:42 arg1 ligands 44:50 Chitosan and carboxymethyl-chitosan capping ligands 0:50 Chitosan and carboxymethyl-chitosan capping ligands: Effects on the nucleation and growth of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for producing biocomposite membranes. 0:158 Chitosan and carboxymethyl-chitosan capping ligands: Effects on the nucleation and growth of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for producing biocomposite membranes. 26652373 1 107 theme definitive 291:300 arg1 solution 302:309 no definitive solution 288:309 no definitive solution that fulfills all of the required properties 288:354 Synthetic biomaterials based on calcium phosphates (CaP) have been widely studied for bone tissue reconstruction therapies, but no definitive solution that fulfills all of the required properties has been identified. 26652373 10 108 dep line 2416:2419 arg1 SAOS 2422:2425 SAOS 2422:2425 a human osteoblast-like model cell line (SAOS) according to MTT in vitro assays 2381:2459 These novel hybrid systems based on chitosan and chitosan-derivatives with nHA composites were non-cytotoxic to a human osteoblast-like model cell line (SAOS) according to MTT in vitro assays. 26652373 0 109 dep nucleation 68:77 arg1 the 64:66 the 64:66 the 64:66 Chitosan and carboxymethyl-chitosan capping ligands: Effects on the nucleation and growth of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for producing biocomposite membranes. 26652373 3 110 theme capping 645:651 arg1 ligands 653:659 capping ligands 645:659 capping ligands for simultaneously controlling the nucleation and growth of the nHA particles during the precipitation process and also to form the polymeric network of the biocomposites 645:830 Biopolymers were used as capping ligands for simultaneously controlling the nucleation and growth of the nHA particles during the precipitation process and also to form the polymeric network of the biocomposites. 26652373 3 110 theme capping 645:651 arg1 Biopolymers 620:630 Biopolymers 620:630 Biopolymers 620:630 Biopolymers were used as capping ligands for simultaneously controlling the nucleation and growth of the nHA particles during the precipitation process and also to form the polymeric network of the biocomposites. 26652373 2 111 theme composite 419:427 arg1 membranes 429:437 composite membranes 419:437 composite membranes based on nanohydroxyapatite particles (nHA) embedded in chitosan (CHI) and O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) matrices produced using a one-step co-precipitation method in water media 419:617 Thus, this study reports the synthesis of composite membranes based on nanohydroxyapatite particles (nHA) embedded in chitosan (CHI) and O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) matrices produced using a one-step co-precipitation method in water media. 26652373 12 112 theme novel 2759:2763 arg1 membranes 2782:2790 these novel bionanocomposite membranes 2753:2790 these novel bionanocomposite membranes 2753:2790 Thus, the results of this study demonstrate that these novel bionanocomposite membranes offer promising perspectives as biomaterials for potential repair and replacement of cartilage and bone tissues. 26652373 8 113 theme X-ray 2033:2037 arg1 micro-CT 2039:2046 X-ray micro-CT 2033:2046 X-ray micro-CT 2033:2046 However, the CMC-based composites were more homogeneously distributed, which was endorsed by the images collected via X-ray micro-CT. 26652373 7 114 theme nHA 1849:1851 arg1 particles 1853:1861 the nHA particles 1845:1861 the nHA particles 1845:1861 The same trend was verified by the AFM analysis,where the nHA particles were formed evenly dispersed in the polymer matrix. 26652373 10 115 theme in 2445:2446 arg1 assays 2454:2459 MTT in vitro assays 2441:2459 MTT in vitro assays 2441:2459 These novel hybrid systems based on chitosan and chitosan-derivatives with nHA composites were non-cytotoxic to a human osteoblast-like model cell line (SAOS) according to MTT in vitro assays. 26652373 11 116 theme higher 2632:2637 arg1 area 2647:2650 the much higher surface area 2623:2650 the much higher surface area caused by the refinement of the nanoparticles size 2623:2701 Moreover, the CMC-nHA biocomposites revealed a striking improvement in the cell viability response compared to the CHI-nHA biocomposite, which was attributed to the much higher surface area caused by the refinement of the nanoparticles size. 26652373 10 117 with chitosan-derivatives 2318:2337 arg1 composites 2348:2357 nHA composites 2344:2357 nHA composites 2344:2357 These novel hybrid systems based on chitosan and chitosan-derivatives with nHA composites were non-cytotoxic to a human osteoblast-like model cell line (SAOS) according to MTT in vitro assays. 26652373 7 118 theme AFM 1826:1828 arg1 analysis 1830:1837 the AFM analysis 1822:1837 the AFM analysis 1822:1837 The same trend was verified by the AFM analysis,where the nHA particles were formed evenly dispersed in the polymer matrix. 26652373 5 119 from changes 1395:1401 arg1 kinetics 1425:1432 kinetics 1425:1432 kinetics 1425:1432 The results demonstrated that the ligands used during the synthesis highly affected the composites produced, primarily due the changes in the mechanisms and kinetics of nucleation and growth of the HA particles at the nanoscale level. 26652373 5 119 from changes 1395:1401 arg1 mechanisms 1410:1419 mechanisms 1410:1419 mechanisms 1410:1419 The results demonstrated that the ligands used during the synthesis highly affected the composites produced, primarily due the changes in the mechanisms and kinetics of nucleation and growth of the HA particles at the nanoscale level. 26652373 10 120 theme osteoblast-like 2389:2403 arg1 line 2416:2419 a human osteoblast-like model cell line 2381:2419 a human osteoblast-like model cell line (SAOS) according to MTT in vitro assays 2381:2459 These novel hybrid systems based on chitosan and chitosan-derivatives with nHA composites were non-cytotoxic to a human osteoblast-like model cell line (SAOS) according to MTT in vitro assays. 26652373 2 121 from matrices 545:552 arg1 embedded 483:490 embedded 483:490 embedded 483:490 Thus, this study reports the synthesis of composite membranes based on nanohydroxyapatite particles (nHA) embedded in chitosan (CHI) and O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) matrices produced using a one-step co-precipitation method in water media. 26652373 12 122 theme bone 2891:2894 arg1 repair 2851:2856 repair 2851:2856 repair 2851:2856 Thus, the results of this study demonstrate that these novel bionanocomposite membranes offer promising perspectives as biomaterials for potential repair and replacement of cartilage and bone tissues. 26652373 12 122 theme bone 2891:2894 arg1 replacement 2862:2872 replacement 2862:2872 replacement 2862:2872 Thus, the results of this study demonstrate that these novel bionanocomposite membranes offer promising perspectives as biomaterials for potential repair and replacement of cartilage and bone tissues. 26652373 1 123 theme tissue 251:256 arg1 therapies 273:281 bone tissue reconstruction therapies 246:281 bone tissue reconstruction therapies 246:281 Synthetic biomaterials based on calcium phosphates (CaP) have been widely studied for bone tissue reconstruction therapies, but no definitive solution that fulfills all of the required properties has been identified. 27720960 7 0 theme gastric 1278:1284 arg1 conditions 1301:1310 simulated gastric and intestinal conditions 1268:1310 simulated gastric and intestinal conditions 1268:1310 Among the compositions, the optimal compositions were as follows: 60% pectin+40% NC, 50% pectin+50% NLC and 60% pectin+40% BNC, where the prebiotic score, probiotic survival under simulated gastric and intestinal conditions were optimum. 27720960 8 1 theme bacteria 1419:1426 arg1 survival 1383:1390 the highest survival 1371:1390 the highest survival of the entrapped probiotic bacteria 1371:1426 The optimal biocomposite pectin-NC exhibited the highest survival of the entrapped probiotic bacteria under simulated gastric (97.7%) and intestinal (95.8%) conditions when compared with the corresponding to free cells (76.2 and 73.4%). 27720960 1 2 theme bacterial 160:168 arg1 BNC 181:183 BNC 181:183 BNC 181:183 Incorporation of nanofibers of chitin (NC), lignocellulose (NLC) and bacterial cellulose (BNC) in pectin was studied to improve prebiotic activity and gastrointestinal resistance of the pectin-nanofibers biocomposites for protection of probiotics under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. 27720960 1 2 theme bacterial 160:168 arg1 cellulose 170:178 bacterial cellulose 160:178 bacterial cellulose (BNC) 160:184 Incorporation of nanofibers of chitin (NC), lignocellulose (NLC) and bacterial cellulose (BNC) in pectin was studied to improve prebiotic activity and gastrointestinal resistance of the pectin-nanofibers biocomposites for protection of probiotics under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. 27720960 1 3 theme gastrointestinal 242:257 arg1 resistance 259:268 gastrointestinal resistance 242:268 gastrointestinal resistance 242:268 Incorporation of nanofibers of chitin (NC), lignocellulose (NLC) and bacterial cellulose (BNC) in pectin was studied to improve prebiotic activity and gastrointestinal resistance of the pectin-nanofibers biocomposites for protection of probiotics under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. 27720960 7 4 theme pectin+40 1200:1208 arg1 % 1209:1209 % 1209:1209 % 1209:1209 Among the compositions, the optimal compositions were as follows: 60% pectin+40% NC, 50% pectin+50% NLC and 60% pectin+40% BNC, where the prebiotic score, probiotic survival under simulated gastric and intestinal conditions were optimum. 27720960 7 5 theme pectin+50 1177:1185 arg1 % 1186:1186 % 1186:1186 % 1186:1186 Among the compositions, the optimal compositions were as follows: 60% pectin+40% NC, 50% pectin+50% NLC and 60% pectin+40% BNC, where the prebiotic score, probiotic survival under simulated gastric and intestinal conditions were optimum. 27720960 1 6 theme cellulose 170:178 arg1 nanofibers 108:117 nanofibers 108:117 nanofibers of chitin (NC), lignocellulose (NLC) and bacterial cellulose (BNC) 108:184 Incorporation of nanofibers of chitin (NC), lignocellulose (NLC) and bacterial cellulose (BNC) in pectin was studied to improve prebiotic activity and gastrointestinal resistance of the pectin-nanofibers biocomposites for protection of probiotics under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. 27720960 1 7 from Incorporation 91:103 arg1 pectin 189:194 pectin 189:194 pectin 189:194 Incorporation of nanofibers of chitin (NC), lignocellulose (NLC) and bacterial cellulose (BNC) in pectin was studied to improve prebiotic activity and gastrointestinal resistance of the pectin-nanofibers biocomposites for protection of probiotics under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. 27720960 4 8 theme interconnected 722:735 arg1 structure 756:764 interconnected nanofibers network structure 722:764 interconnected nanofibers network structure 722:764 AFM analysis indicated the homogenous distribution of interconnected nanofibers network structure in the pectin-nanofibers biocomposite. 27720960 3 9 theme biocomposites 617:629 arg1 degradation 580:590 a slow degradation 573:590 a slow degradation of the pectin-nanofibers biocomposites in contrast to their rapid swelling 573:665 The incorporation of the nanofibers in pectin led to a slow degradation of the pectin-nanofibers biocomposites in contrast to their rapid swelling. 27720960 6 10 theme biocomposites 1013:1025 arg1 structures 995:1004 the amorphous structures 981:1004 the amorphous structures of the biocomposites 981:1025 XRD patterns revealed the amorphous structures of the biocomposites as compared to the crystalline structures of the nanofibers. 27720960 4 11 theme pectin-nanofibers 773:789 arg1 biocomposite 791:802 the pectin-nanofibers biocomposite 769:802 the pectin-nanofibers biocomposite 769:802 AFM analysis indicated the homogenous distribution of interconnected nanofibers network structure in the pectin-nanofibers biocomposite. 27720960 7 12 dep follows 1145:1151 arg1 % 1156:1156 60% 1154:1156 60% pectin+40% NC 1154:1170 Among the compositions, the optimal compositions were as follows: 60% pectin+40% NC, 50% pectin+50% NLC and 60% pectin+40% BNC, where the prebiotic score, probiotic survival under simulated gastric and intestinal conditions were optimum. 27720960 7 12 dep follows 1145:1151 arg1 % 1175:1175 50% 1173:1175 50% pectin+50% NLC 1173:1190 Among the compositions, the optimal compositions were as follows: 60% pectin+40% NC, 50% pectin+50% NLC and 60% pectin+40% BNC, where the prebiotic score, probiotic survival under simulated gastric and intestinal conditions were optimum. 27720960 7 12 dep follows 1145:1151 arg1 % 1198:1198 60% 1196:1198 60% pectin+40% BNC 1196:1213 Among the compositions, the optimal compositions were as follows: 60% pectin+40% NC, 50% pectin+50% NLC and 60% pectin+40% BNC, where the prebiotic score, probiotic survival under simulated gastric and intestinal conditions were optimum. 27720960 7 13 theme probiotic 1243:1251 arg1 survival 1253:1260 the prebiotic score, probiotic survival 1222:1260 survival 1253:1260 Among the compositions, the optimal compositions were as follows: 60% pectin+40% NC, 50% pectin+50% NLC and 60% pectin+40% BNC, where the prebiotic score, probiotic survival under simulated gastric and intestinal conditions were optimum. 27720960 7 13 theme probiotic 1243:1251 arg1 optimum 1317:1323 optimum 1317:1323 optimum 1317:1323 Among the compositions, the optimal compositions were as follows: 60% pectin+40% NC, 50% pectin+50% NLC and 60% pectin+40% BNC, where the prebiotic score, probiotic survival under simulated gastric and intestinal conditions were optimum. 27720960 7 14 theme % 1186:1186 arg1 NLC 1188:1190 pectin+50% NLC 1177:1190 50% pectin+50% NLC 1173:1190 Among the compositions, the optimal compositions were as follows: 60% pectin+40% NC, 50% pectin+50% NLC and 60% pectin+40% BNC, where the prebiotic score, probiotic survival under simulated gastric and intestinal conditions were optimum. 27720960 5 15 theme pectin-Ca2+ 946:956 arg1 fabrication 831:841 fabrication 831:841 fabrication of the biocomposites based on the inter- and intra-molecular hydrogen bonding 831:919 FTIR spectra demonstrated fabrication of the biocomposites based on the inter- and intra-molecular hydrogen bonding and ionic interaction of pectin-Ca2+. 27720960 5 15 theme pectin-Ca2+ 946:956 arg1 interaction 931:941 ionic interaction 925:941 ionic interaction of pectin-Ca2+ 925:956 FTIR spectra demonstrated fabrication of the biocomposites based on the inter- and intra-molecular hydrogen bonding and ionic interaction of pectin-Ca2+. 27720960 1 16 theme nanofibers 108:117 arg1 Incorporation 91:103 Incorporation 91:103 Incorporation of nanofibers of chitin (NC), lignocellulose (NLC) and bacterial cellulose (BNC) in pectin 91:194 Incorporation of nanofibers of chitin (NC), lignocellulose (NLC) and bacterial cellulose (BNC) in pectin was studied to improve prebiotic activity and gastrointestinal resistance of the pectin-nanofibers biocomposites for protection of probiotics under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. 27720960 7 17 dep % 1198:1198 arg1 BNC 1211:1213 pectin+40% BNC 1200:1213 60% pectin+40% BNC 1196:1213 Among the compositions, the optimal compositions were as follows: 60% pectin+40% NC, 50% pectin+50% NLC and 60% pectin+40% BNC, where the prebiotic score, probiotic survival under simulated gastric and intestinal conditions were optimum. 27720960 2 18 theme pectin 445:450 arg1 compositions 429:440 various compositions 421:440 various compositions of pectin and nanofibers, which were designed using D-optimal mixture method 421:517 The biocomposites were prepared using various compositions of pectin and nanofibers, which were designed using D-optimal mixture method. 27720960 5 19 theme hydrogen 904:911 arg1 bonding 913:919 the inter- and intra-molecular hydrogen bonding 873:919 the inter- and intra-molecular hydrogen bonding 873:919 FTIR spectra demonstrated fabrication of the biocomposites based on the inter- and intra-molecular hydrogen bonding and ionic interaction of pectin-Ca2+. 27720960 5 20 theme inter- 877:882 arg1 bonding 913:919 the inter- and intra-molecular hydrogen bonding 873:919 the inter- and intra-molecular hydrogen bonding 873:919 FTIR spectra demonstrated fabrication of the biocomposites based on the inter- and intra-molecular hydrogen bonding and ionic interaction of pectin-Ca2+. 27720960 3 21 from incorporation 524:536 arg1 pectin 559:564 pectin 559:564 pectin 559:564 The incorporation of the nanofibers in pectin led to a slow degradation of the pectin-nanofibers biocomposites in contrast to their rapid swelling. 27720960 3 22 theme slow 575:578 arg1 degradation 580:590 a slow degradation 573:590 a slow degradation of the pectin-nanofibers biocomposites in contrast to their rapid swelling 573:665 The incorporation of the nanofibers in pectin led to a slow degradation of the pectin-nanofibers biocomposites in contrast to their rapid swelling. 27720960 7 23 dep % 1156:1156 arg1 % 1167:1167 pectin+40% NC 1158:1170 60% pectin+40% NC 1154:1170 Among the compositions, the optimal compositions were as follows: 60% pectin+40% NC, 50% pectin+50% NLC and 60% pectin+40% BNC, where the prebiotic score, probiotic survival under simulated gastric and intestinal conditions were optimum. 27720960 2 24 theme D-optimal 494:502 arg1 method 512:517 D-optimal mixture method 494:517 D-optimal mixture method 494:517 The biocomposites were prepared using various compositions of pectin and nanofibers, which were designed using D-optimal mixture method. 27720960 6 25 theme nanofibers 1076:1085 arg1 structures 1058:1067 the crystalline structures 1042:1067 the crystalline structures of the nanofibers 1042:1085 XRD patterns revealed the amorphous structures of the biocomposites as compared to the crystalline structures of the nanofibers. 27720960 7 26 theme intestinal 1290:1299 arg1 conditions 1301:1310 simulated gastric and intestinal conditions 1268:1310 simulated gastric and intestinal conditions 1268:1310 Among the compositions, the optimal compositions were as follows: 60% pectin+40% NC, 50% pectin+50% NLC and 60% pectin+40% BNC, where the prebiotic score, probiotic survival under simulated gastric and intestinal conditions were optimum. 27720960 1 27 theme chitin 122:127 arg1 nanofibers 108:117 nanofibers 108:117 nanofibers of chitin (NC), lignocellulose (NLC) and bacterial cellulose (BNC) 108:184 Incorporation of nanofibers of chitin (NC), lignocellulose (NLC) and bacterial cellulose (BNC) in pectin was studied to improve prebiotic activity and gastrointestinal resistance of the pectin-nanofibers biocomposites for protection of probiotics under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. 27720960 7 28 theme score 1236:1240 arg1 survival 1253:1260 the prebiotic score, probiotic survival 1222:1260 survival 1253:1260 Among the compositions, the optimal compositions were as follows: 60% pectin+40% NC, 50% pectin+50% NLC and 60% pectin+40% BNC, where the prebiotic score, probiotic survival under simulated gastric and intestinal conditions were optimum. 27720960 7 28 theme score 1236:1240 arg1 optimum 1317:1323 optimum 1317:1323 optimum 1317:1323 Among the compositions, the optimal compositions were as follows: 60% pectin+40% NC, 50% pectin+50% NLC and 60% pectin+40% BNC, where the prebiotic score, probiotic survival under simulated gastric and intestinal conditions were optimum. 27720960 4 29 theme network 748:754 arg1 structure 756:764 interconnected nanofibers network structure 722:764 interconnected nanofibers network structure 722:764 AFM analysis indicated the homogenous distribution of interconnected nanofibers network structure in the pectin-nanofibers biocomposite. 27720960 0 30 theme Pectin-non-starch 0:16 arg1 nanofibers 18:27 Pectin-non-starch nanofibers 0:27 Pectin-non-starch nanofibers 0:27 Pectin-non-starch nanofibers biocomposites as novel gastrointestinal-resistant prebiotics. 27720960 1 31 theme pectin-nanofibers 277:293 arg1 biocomposites 295:307 the pectin-nanofibers biocomposites 273:307 the pectin-nanofibers biocomposites 273:307 Incorporation of nanofibers of chitin (NC), lignocellulose (NLC) and bacterial cellulose (BNC) in pectin was studied to improve prebiotic activity and gastrointestinal resistance of the pectin-nanofibers biocomposites for protection of probiotics under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. 27720960 6 32 theme crystalline 1046:1056 arg1 structures 1058:1067 the crystalline structures 1042:1067 the crystalline structures of the nanofibers 1042:1085 XRD patterns revealed the amorphous structures of the biocomposites as compared to the crystalline structures of the nanofibers. 27720960 3 33 from contrast 634:641 arg1 degradation 580:590 a slow degradation 573:590 a slow degradation of the pectin-nanofibers biocomposites in contrast to their rapid swelling 573:665 The incorporation of the nanofibers in pectin led to a slow degradation of the pectin-nanofibers biocomposites in contrast to their rapid swelling. 27720960 2 34 theme various 421:427 arg1 compositions 429:440 various compositions 421:440 various compositions of pectin and nanofibers, which were designed using D-optimal mixture method 421:517 The biocomposites were prepared using various compositions of pectin and nanofibers, which were designed using D-optimal mixture method. 27720960 5 35 theme ionic 925:929 arg1 interaction 931:941 ionic interaction 925:941 ionic interaction of pectin-Ca2+ 925:956 FTIR spectra demonstrated fabrication of the biocomposites based on the inter- and intra-molecular hydrogen bonding and ionic interaction of pectin-Ca2+. 27720960 1 36 theme biocomposites 295:307 arg1 activity 229:236 prebiotic activity 219:236 prebiotic activity 219:236 Incorporation of nanofibers of chitin (NC), lignocellulose (NLC) and bacterial cellulose (BNC) in pectin was studied to improve prebiotic activity and gastrointestinal resistance of the pectin-nanofibers biocomposites for protection of probiotics under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. 27720960 1 36 theme biocomposites 295:307 arg1 resistance 259:268 gastrointestinal resistance 242:268 gastrointestinal resistance 242:268 Incorporation of nanofibers of chitin (NC), lignocellulose (NLC) and bacterial cellulose (BNC) in pectin was studied to improve prebiotic activity and gastrointestinal resistance of the pectin-nanofibers biocomposites for protection of probiotics under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. 27720960 8 37 theme probiotic 1409:1417 arg1 bacteria 1419:1426 the entrapped probiotic bacteria 1395:1426 the entrapped probiotic bacteria 1395:1426 The optimal biocomposite pectin-NC exhibited the highest survival of the entrapped probiotic bacteria under simulated gastric (97.7%) and intestinal (95.8%) conditions when compared with the corresponding to free cells (76.2 and 73.4%). 27720960 8 38 theme biocomposite 1338:1349 arg1 pectin-NC 1351:1359 The optimal biocomposite pectin-NC 1326:1359 The optimal biocomposite pectin-NC 1326:1359 The optimal biocomposite pectin-NC exhibited the highest survival of the entrapped probiotic bacteria under simulated gastric (97.7%) and intestinal (95.8%) conditions when compared with the corresponding to free cells (76.2 and 73.4%). 27720960 7 39 theme prebiotic 1226:1234 arg1 survival 1253:1260 the prebiotic score, probiotic survival 1222:1260 survival 1253:1260 Among the compositions, the optimal compositions were as follows: 60% pectin+40% NC, 50% pectin+50% NLC and 60% pectin+40% BNC, where the prebiotic score, probiotic survival under simulated gastric and intestinal conditions were optimum. 27720960 7 39 theme prebiotic 1226:1234 arg1 optimum 1317:1323 optimum 1317:1323 optimum 1317:1323 Among the compositions, the optimal compositions were as follows: 60% pectin+40% NC, 50% pectin+50% NLC and 60% pectin+40% BNC, where the prebiotic score, probiotic survival under simulated gastric and intestinal conditions were optimum. 27720960 8 40 dep cells 1539:1543 arg1 to 1531:1532 to 1531:1532 to 1531:1532 The optimal biocomposite pectin-NC exhibited the highest survival of the entrapped probiotic bacteria under simulated gastric (97.7%) and intestinal (95.8%) conditions when compared with the corresponding to free cells (76.2 and 73.4%). 27720960 6 41 theme amorphous 985:993 arg1 structures 995:1004 the amorphous structures 981:1004 the amorphous structures of the biocomposites 981:1025 XRD patterns revealed the amorphous structures of the biocomposites as compared to the crystalline structures of the nanofibers. 27720960 3 42 theme pectin-nanofibers 599:615 arg1 biocomposites 617:629 the pectin-nanofibers biocomposites 595:629 the pectin-nanofibers biocomposites in contrast to their rapid swelling 595:665 The incorporation of the nanofibers in pectin led to a slow degradation of the pectin-nanofibers biocomposites in contrast to their rapid swelling. 27720960 4 43 from distribution 706:717 arg1 biocomposite 791:802 the pectin-nanofibers biocomposite 769:802 the pectin-nanofibers biocomposite 769:802 AFM analysis indicated the homogenous distribution of interconnected nanofibers network structure in the pectin-nanofibers biocomposite. 27720960 0 44 theme gastrointestinal-resistant 52:77 arg1 prebiotics 79:88 novel gastrointestinal-resistant prebiotics 46:88 novel gastrointestinal-resistant prebiotics 46:88 Pectin-non-starch nanofibers biocomposites as novel gastrointestinal-resistant prebiotics. 27720960 3 45 theme nanofibers 545:554 arg1 incorporation 524:536 The incorporation 520:536 The incorporation of the nanofibers in pectin 520:564 The incorporation of the nanofibers in pectin led to a slow degradation of the pectin-nanofibers biocomposites in contrast to their rapid swelling. 27720960 5 46 theme FTIR 805:808 arg1 spectra 810:816 FTIR spectra 805:816 FTIR spectra 805:816 FTIR spectra demonstrated fabrication of the biocomposites based on the inter- and intra-molecular hydrogen bonding and ionic interaction of pectin-Ca2+. 27720960 3 47 from degradation 580:590 arg1 contrast 634:641 contrast 634:641 contrast to their rapid swelling 634:665 The incorporation of the nanofibers in pectin led to a slow degradation of the pectin-nanofibers biocomposites in contrast to their rapid swelling. 27720960 8 48 theme optimal 1330:1336 arg1 pectin-NC 1351:1359 The optimal biocomposite pectin-NC 1326:1359 The optimal biocomposite pectin-NC 1326:1359 The optimal biocomposite pectin-NC exhibited the highest survival of the entrapped probiotic bacteria under simulated gastric (97.7%) and intestinal (95.8%) conditions when compared with the corresponding to free cells (76.2 and 73.4%). 27720960 4 49 theme nanofibers 737:746 arg1 structure 756:764 interconnected nanofibers network structure 722:764 interconnected nanofibers network structure 722:764 AFM analysis indicated the homogenous distribution of interconnected nanofibers network structure in the pectin-nanofibers biocomposite. 27720960 2 50 theme nanofibers 456:465 arg1 compositions 429:440 various compositions 421:440 various compositions of pectin and nanofibers, which were designed using D-optimal mixture method 421:517 The biocomposites were prepared using various compositions of pectin and nanofibers, which were designed using D-optimal mixture method. 27720960 0 51 theme novel 46:50 arg1 prebiotics 79:88 novel gastrointestinal-resistant prebiotics 46:88 novel gastrointestinal-resistant prebiotics 46:88 Pectin-non-starch nanofibers biocomposites as novel gastrointestinal-resistant prebiotics. 27720960 8 52 dep gastric 1444:1450 arg1 % 1457:1457 97.7% 1453:1457 97.7% 1453:1457 The optimal biocomposite pectin-NC exhibited the highest survival of the entrapped probiotic bacteria under simulated gastric (97.7%) and intestinal (95.8%) conditions when compared with the corresponding to free cells (76.2 and 73.4%). 27720960 8 52 dep gastric 1444:1450 arg1 % 1480:1480 95.8% 1476:1480 95.8% 1476:1480 The optimal biocomposite pectin-NC exhibited the highest survival of the entrapped probiotic bacteria under simulated gastric (97.7%) and intestinal (95.8%) conditions when compared with the corresponding to free cells (76.2 and 73.4%). 27720960 3 53 theme rapid 652:656 arg1 swelling 658:665 their rapid swelling 646:665 their rapid swelling 646:665 The incorporation of the nanofibers in pectin led to a slow degradation of the pectin-nanofibers biocomposites in contrast to their rapid swelling. 27720960 4 54 theme homogenous 695:704 arg1 distribution 706:717 the homogenous distribution 691:717 the homogenous distribution of interconnected nanofibers network structure in the pectin-nanofibers biocomposite 691:802 AFM analysis indicated the homogenous distribution of interconnected nanofibers network structure in the pectin-nanofibers biocomposite. 27720960 5 55 theme intra-molecular 888:902 arg1 bonding 913:919 the inter- and intra-molecular hydrogen bonding 873:919 the inter- and intra-molecular hydrogen bonding 873:919 FTIR spectra demonstrated fabrication of the biocomposites based on the inter- and intra-molecular hydrogen bonding and ionic interaction of pectin-Ca2+. 27720960 1 56 theme probiotics 327:336 arg1 protection 313:322 protection 313:322 protection of probiotics 313:336 Incorporation of nanofibers of chitin (NC), lignocellulose (NLC) and bacterial cellulose (BNC) in pectin was studied to improve prebiotic activity and gastrointestinal resistance of the pectin-nanofibers biocomposites for protection of probiotics under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. 27720960 8 57 theme corresponding 1517:1529 arg1 % 1559:1559 76.2 and 73.4% 1546:1559 % 1559:1559 The optimal biocomposite pectin-NC exhibited the highest survival of the entrapped probiotic bacteria under simulated gastric (97.7%) and intestinal (95.8%) conditions when compared with the corresponding to free cells (76.2 and 73.4%). 27720960 8 57 theme corresponding 1517:1529 arg1 cells 1539:1543 the corresponding to free cells 1513:1543 the corresponding to free cells (76.2 and 73.4%) 1513:1560 The optimal biocomposite pectin-NC exhibited the highest survival of the entrapped probiotic bacteria under simulated gastric (97.7%) and intestinal (95.8%) conditions when compared with the corresponding to free cells (76.2 and 73.4%). 27720960 8 58 theme highest 1375:1381 arg1 survival 1383:1390 the highest survival 1371:1390 the highest survival of the entrapped probiotic bacteria 1371:1426 The optimal biocomposite pectin-NC exhibited the highest survival of the entrapped probiotic bacteria under simulated gastric (97.7%) and intestinal (95.8%) conditions when compared with the corresponding to free cells (76.2 and 73.4%). 27720960 2 59 theme mixture 504:510 arg1 method 512:517 D-optimal mixture method 494:517 D-optimal mixture method 494:517 The biocomposites were prepared using various compositions of pectin and nanofibers, which were designed using D-optimal mixture method. 27720960 8 60 theme 73.4 1555:1558 arg1 % 1559:1559 76.2 and 73.4% 1546:1559 % 1559:1559 The optimal biocomposite pectin-NC exhibited the highest survival of the entrapped probiotic bacteria under simulated gastric (97.7%) and intestinal (95.8%) conditions when compared with the corresponding to free cells (76.2 and 73.4%). 27720960 8 60 theme 73.4 1555:1558 arg1 cells 1539:1543 the corresponding to free cells 1513:1543 the corresponding to free cells (76.2 and 73.4%) 1513:1560 The optimal biocomposite pectin-NC exhibited the highest survival of the entrapped probiotic bacteria under simulated gastric (97.7%) and intestinal (95.8%) conditions when compared with the corresponding to free cells (76.2 and 73.4%). 27720960 6 61 theme XRD 959:961 arg1 patterns 963:970 XRD patterns 959:970 XRD patterns 959:970 XRD patterns revealed the amorphous structures of the biocomposites as compared to the crystalline structures of the nanofibers. 27720960 7 62 theme simulated 1268:1276 arg1 conditions 1301:1310 simulated gastric and intestinal conditions 1268:1310 simulated gastric and intestinal conditions 1268:1310 Among the compositions, the optimal compositions were as follows: 60% pectin+40% NC, 50% pectin+50% NLC and 60% pectin+40% BNC, where the prebiotic score, probiotic survival under simulated gastric and intestinal conditions were optimum. 27720960 1 63 theme lignocellulose 135:148 arg1 nanofibers 108:117 nanofibers 108:117 nanofibers of chitin (NC), lignocellulose (NLC) and bacterial cellulose (BNC) 108:184 Incorporation of nanofibers of chitin (NC), lignocellulose (NLC) and bacterial cellulose (BNC) in pectin was studied to improve prebiotic activity and gastrointestinal resistance of the pectin-nanofibers biocomposites for protection of probiotics under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. 27720960 1 64 theme simulated 344:352 arg1 conditions 371:380 simulated gastrointestinal conditions 344:380 simulated gastrointestinal conditions 344:380 Incorporation of nanofibers of chitin (NC), lignocellulose (NLC) and bacterial cellulose (BNC) in pectin was studied to improve prebiotic activity and gastrointestinal resistance of the pectin-nanofibers biocomposites for protection of probiotics under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. 27720960 8 65 theme free 1534:1537 arg1 % 1559:1559 76.2 and 73.4% 1546:1559 % 1559:1559 The optimal biocomposite pectin-NC exhibited the highest survival of the entrapped probiotic bacteria under simulated gastric (97.7%) and intestinal (95.8%) conditions when compared with the corresponding to free cells (76.2 and 73.4%). 27720960 8 65 theme free 1534:1537 arg1 cells 1539:1543 the corresponding to free cells 1513:1543 the corresponding to free cells (76.2 and 73.4%) 1513:1560 The optimal biocomposite pectin-NC exhibited the highest survival of the entrapped probiotic bacteria under simulated gastric (97.7%) and intestinal (95.8%) conditions when compared with the corresponding to free cells (76.2 and 73.4%). 27720960 8 66 theme intestinal 1464:1473 arg1 conditions 1483:1492 simulated gastric (97.7%) and intestinal (95.8%) conditions 1434:1492 simulated gastric (97.7%) and intestinal (95.8%) conditions 1434:1492 The optimal biocomposite pectin-NC exhibited the highest survival of the entrapped probiotic bacteria under simulated gastric (97.7%) and intestinal (95.8%) conditions when compared with the corresponding to free cells (76.2 and 73.4%). 27720960 8 67 theme gastric 1444:1450 arg1 conditions 1483:1492 simulated gastric (97.7%) and intestinal (95.8%) conditions 1434:1492 simulated gastric (97.7%) and intestinal (95.8%) conditions 1434:1492 The optimal biocomposite pectin-NC exhibited the highest survival of the entrapped probiotic bacteria under simulated gastric (97.7%) and intestinal (95.8%) conditions when compared with the corresponding to free cells (76.2 and 73.4%). 27720960 8 68 theme 76.2 1546:1549 arg1 % 1559:1559 76.2 and 73.4% 1546:1559 % 1559:1559 The optimal biocomposite pectin-NC exhibited the highest survival of the entrapped probiotic bacteria under simulated gastric (97.7%) and intestinal (95.8%) conditions when compared with the corresponding to free cells (76.2 and 73.4%). 27720960 8 68 theme 76.2 1546:1549 arg1 cells 1539:1543 the corresponding to free cells 1513:1543 the corresponding to free cells (76.2 and 73.4%) 1513:1560 The optimal biocomposite pectin-NC exhibited the highest survival of the entrapped probiotic bacteria under simulated gastric (97.7%) and intestinal (95.8%) conditions when compared with the corresponding to free cells (76.2 and 73.4%). 27720960 3 69 from biocomposites 617:629 arg1 contrast 634:641 contrast 634:641 contrast to their rapid swelling 634:665 The incorporation of the nanofibers in pectin led to a slow degradation of the pectin-nanofibers biocomposites in contrast to their rapid swelling. 27720960 1 70 theme prebiotic 219:227 arg1 activity 229:236 prebiotic activity 219:236 prebiotic activity 219:236 Incorporation of nanofibers of chitin (NC), lignocellulose (NLC) and bacterial cellulose (BNC) in pectin was studied to improve prebiotic activity and gastrointestinal resistance of the pectin-nanofibers biocomposites for protection of probiotics under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. 27720960 5 71 theme biocomposites 850:862 arg1 fabrication 831:841 fabrication 831:841 fabrication of the biocomposites based on the inter- and intra-molecular hydrogen bonding 831:919 FTIR spectra demonstrated fabrication of the biocomposites based on the inter- and intra-molecular hydrogen bonding and ionic interaction of pectin-Ca2+. 27720960 5 71 theme biocomposites 850:862 arg1 interaction 931:941 ionic interaction 925:941 ionic interaction of pectin-Ca2+ 925:956 FTIR spectra demonstrated fabrication of the biocomposites based on the inter- and intra-molecular hydrogen bonding and ionic interaction of pectin-Ca2+. 27720960 7 72 dep % 1175:1175 arg1 NLC 1188:1190 pectin+50% NLC 1177:1190 50% pectin+50% NLC 1173:1190 Among the compositions, the optimal compositions were as follows: 60% pectin+40% NC, 50% pectin+50% NLC and 60% pectin+40% BNC, where the prebiotic score, probiotic survival under simulated gastric and intestinal conditions were optimum. 27720960 7 73 theme optimal 1116:1122 arg1 compositions 1124:1135 the optimal compositions 1112:1135 the optimal compositions 1112:1135 Among the compositions, the optimal compositions were as follows: 60% pectin+40% NC, 50% pectin+50% NLC and 60% pectin+40% BNC, where the prebiotic score, probiotic survival under simulated gastric and intestinal conditions were optimum. 27720960 8 74 theme entrapped 1399:1407 arg1 bacteria 1419:1426 the entrapped probiotic bacteria 1395:1426 the entrapped probiotic bacteria 1395:1426 The optimal biocomposite pectin-NC exhibited the highest survival of the entrapped probiotic bacteria under simulated gastric (97.7%) and intestinal (95.8%) conditions when compared with the corresponding to free cells (76.2 and 73.4%). 27720960 7 75 theme % 1209:1209 arg1 BNC 1211:1213 pectin+40% BNC 1200:1213 60% pectin+40% BNC 1196:1213 Among the compositions, the optimal compositions were as follows: 60% pectin+40% NC, 50% pectin+50% NLC and 60% pectin+40% BNC, where the prebiotic score, probiotic survival under simulated gastric and intestinal conditions were optimum. 27720960 1 76 theme gastrointestinal 354:369 arg1 conditions 371:380 simulated gastrointestinal conditions 344:380 simulated gastrointestinal conditions 344:380 Incorporation of nanofibers of chitin (NC), lignocellulose (NLC) and bacterial cellulose (BNC) in pectin was studied to improve prebiotic activity and gastrointestinal resistance of the pectin-nanofibers biocomposites for protection of probiotics under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. 27720960 4 77 theme structure 756:764 arg1 distribution 706:717 the homogenous distribution 691:717 the homogenous distribution of interconnected nanofibers network structure in the pectin-nanofibers biocomposite 691:802 AFM analysis indicated the homogenous distribution of interconnected nanofibers network structure in the pectin-nanofibers biocomposite. 27720960 4 78 theme AFM 668:670 arg1 analysis 672:679 AFM analysis 668:679 AFM analysis 668:679 AFM analysis indicated the homogenous distribution of interconnected nanofibers network structure in the pectin-nanofibers biocomposite. 26728292 6 0 theme toluene 802:808 arg1 contamination 810:822 The toluene contamination 798:822 The toluene contamination 798:822 The toluene contamination significantly reduced the mass of the cell wall material in the alfalfa roots. 26728292 10 1 from sites 1275:1279 arg1 walls 1312:1316 the root cell walls 1298:1316 the root cell walls as a response to toluene pollution 1298:1351 The results show that the decrease in the active sites of adsorption on the root cell walls as a response to toluene pollution can affect the water flow rate and the mineral nutrients uptake by roots. 26728292 10 2 theme water 1368:1372 arg1 rate 1379:1382 the water flow rate 1364:1382 the water flow rate 1364:1382 The results show that the decrease in the active sites of adsorption on the root cell walls as a response to toluene pollution can affect the water flow rate and the mineral nutrients uptake by roots. 26728292 2 3 theme alfalfa 300:306 arg1 seedlings 308:316 alfalfa seedlings 300:316 alfalfa seedlings 300:316 Two sets of alfalfa seedlings were selected and one set was treated with 450 mg L(-1) toluene in the nutrient solution under hydroponic culture. 26728292 1 4 theme cell 227:230 arg1 walls 232:236 root cell walls 222:236 root cell walls in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) 222:268 The influence of toluene pollution on the chemical properties and swelling coefficient of root cell walls in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was investigated. 26728292 10 5 theme nutrients 1400:1408 arg1 uptake 1410:1415 the mineral nutrients uptake 1388:1415 the mineral nutrients uptake by roots 1388:1424 The results show that the decrease in the active sites of adsorption on the root cell walls as a response to toluene pollution can affect the water flow rate and the mineral nutrients uptake by roots. 26728292 7 6 theme wall 989:992 arg1 properties 994:1003 the alfalfa root cell wall properties 967:1003 the alfalfa root cell wall properties 967:1003 According to the FTIR spectra, the toluene pollution can change the alfalfa root cell wall properties by reducing the cell wall functional groups. 26728292 7 7 theme root 979:982 arg1 properties 994:1003 the alfalfa root cell wall properties 967:1003 the alfalfa root cell wall properties 967:1003 According to the FTIR spectra, the toluene pollution can change the alfalfa root cell wall properties by reducing the cell wall functional groups. 26728292 1 8 theme pollution 157:165 arg1 influence 136:144 The influence 132:144 The influence of toluene pollution on the chemical properties and swelling coefficient of root cell walls in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) 132:268 The influence of toluene pollution on the chemical properties and swelling coefficient of root cell walls in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was investigated. 26728292 6 9 theme cell 862:865 arg1 material 872:879 the cell wall material 858:879 the cell wall material 858:879 The toluene contamination significantly reduced the mass of the cell wall material in the alfalfa roots. 26728292 4 10 theme infrared 562:569 arg1 spectroscopy 578:589 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy 544:589 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy 544:589 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was carried out for the characterization of the root cell walls composition. 26728292 5 11 theme cell 744:747 arg1 walls 749:753 the root cell walls 735:753 the root cell walls (Kcw) 735:759 The cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the swelling coefficient of the root cell walls (Kcw) were estimated at various pH values. 26728292 5 11 theme cell 744:747 arg1 Kcw 756:758 Kcw 756:758 Kcw 756:758 The cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the swelling coefficient of the root cell walls (Kcw) were estimated at various pH values. 26728292 7 12 theme toluene 938:944 arg1 pollution 946:954 the toluene pollution 934:954 the toluene pollution 934:954 According to the FTIR spectra, the toluene pollution can change the alfalfa root cell wall properties by reducing the cell wall functional groups. 26728292 3 13 theme cell 518:521 arg1 walls 523:527 the root cell walls 509:527 the root cell walls 509:527 Thirty days after treatment with toluene, alfalfa plants were harvested and the root cell walls were isolated. 26728292 0 14 theme toxic 119:123 arg1 agent 125:129 a toxic agent 117:129 a toxic agent 117:129 Changes in the chemical properties and swelling coefficient of alfalfa root cell walls in the presence of toluene as a toxic agent. 26728292 0 14 theme toxic 119:123 arg1 walls 81:85 cell walls 76:85 cell walls in the presence of toluene 76:112 Changes in the chemical properties and swelling coefficient of alfalfa root cell walls in the presence of toluene as a toxic agent. 26728292 8 15 from polysaccharides 1115:1129 arg1 wall 1143:1146 the cell wall 1134:1146 the cell wall 1134:1146 These functional groups are probably related to the proteins and polysaccharides in the cell wall. 26728292 10 16 from walls 1312:1316 arg1 decrease 1252:1259 the decrease 1248:1259 the decrease in the active sites of adsorption on the root cell walls as a response to toluene pollution 1248:1351 The results show that the decrease in the active sites of adsorption on the root cell walls as a response to toluene pollution can affect the water flow rate and the mineral nutrients uptake by roots. 26728292 4 17 theme cell 644:647 arg1 walls 649:653 root cell walls 639:653 the root cell walls composition 635:665 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was carried out for the characterization of the root cell walls composition. 26728292 7 18 theme FTIR 920:923 arg1 spectra 925:931 the FTIR spectra 916:931 the FTIR spectra 916:931 According to the FTIR spectra, the toluene pollution can change the alfalfa root cell wall properties by reducing the cell wall functional groups. 26728292 0 19 from walls 81:85 arg1 presence 94:101 the presence 90:101 the presence of toluene 90:112 Changes in the chemical properties and swelling coefficient of alfalfa root cell walls in the presence of toluene as a toxic agent. 26728292 5 20 theme exchange 679:686 arg1 CEC 698:700 CEC 698:700 CEC 698:700 The cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the swelling coefficient of the root cell walls (Kcw) were estimated at various pH values. 26728292 5 20 theme exchange 679:686 arg1 capacity 688:695 The cation exchange capacity 668:695 The cation exchange capacity (CEC) 668:701 The cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the swelling coefficient of the root cell walls (Kcw) were estimated at various pH values. 26728292 1 21 from influence 136:144 arg1 coefficient 207:217 swelling coefficient 198:217 swelling coefficient 198:217 The influence of toluene pollution on the chemical properties and swelling coefficient of root cell walls in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was investigated. 26728292 1 21 from influence 136:144 arg1 properties 183:192 chemical properties 174:192 chemical properties 174:192 The influence of toluene pollution on the chemical properties and swelling coefficient of root cell walls in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was investigated. 26728292 5 22 theme various 779:785 arg1 values 790:795 various pH values 779:795 various pH values 779:795 The cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the swelling coefficient of the root cell walls (Kcw) were estimated at various pH values. 26728292 0 23 from Changes 0:6 arg1 properties 24:33 chemical properties 15:33 chemical properties 15:33 Changes in the chemical properties and swelling coefficient of alfalfa root cell walls in the presence of toluene as a toxic agent. 26728292 0 23 from Changes 0:6 arg1 coefficient 48:58 swelling coefficient 39:58 swelling coefficient 39:58 Changes in the chemical properties and swelling coefficient of alfalfa root cell walls in the presence of toluene as a toxic agent. 26728292 10 24 theme adsorption 1284:1293 arg1 adsorption 1284:1293 adsorption 1284:1293 adsorption 1284:1293 The results show that the decrease in the active sites of adsorption on the root cell walls as a response to toluene pollution can affect the water flow rate and the mineral nutrients uptake by roots. 26728292 10 24 theme adsorption 1284:1293 arg1 sites 1275:1279 the active sites 1264:1279 the active sites of adsorption on the root cell walls as a response to toluene pollution 1264:1351 The results show that the decrease in the active sites of adsorption on the root cell walls as a response to toluene pollution can affect the water flow rate and the mineral nutrients uptake by roots. 26728292 6 25 theme material 872:879 arg1 mass 850:853 the mass 846:853 the mass of the cell wall material in the alfalfa roots 846:900 The toluene contamination significantly reduced the mass of the cell wall material in the alfalfa roots. 26728292 2 26 from toluene 374:380 arg1 solution 398:405 the nutrient solution 385:405 the nutrient solution 385:405 Two sets of alfalfa seedlings were selected and one set was treated with 450 mg L(-1) toluene in the nutrient solution under hydroponic culture. 26728292 3 27 with treatment 451:459 arg1 toluene 466:472 toluene 466:472 toluene 466:472 Thirty days after treatment with toluene, alfalfa plants were harvested and the root cell walls were isolated. 26728292 10 28 theme cell 1307:1310 arg1 walls 1312:1316 the root cell walls 1298:1316 the root cell walls as a response to toluene pollution 1298:1351 The results show that the decrease in the active sites of adsorption on the root cell walls as a response to toluene pollution can affect the water flow rate and the mineral nutrients uptake by roots. 26728292 0 29 theme alfalfa 63:69 arg1 properties 24:33 chemical properties 15:33 chemical properties 15:33 Changes in the chemical properties and swelling coefficient of alfalfa root cell walls in the presence of toluene as a toxic agent. 26728292 0 29 theme alfalfa 63:69 arg1 coefficient 48:58 swelling coefficient 39:58 swelling coefficient 39:58 Changes in the chemical properties and swelling coefficient of alfalfa root cell walls in the presence of toluene as a toxic agent. 26728292 4 30 theme composition 655:665 arg1 characterization 615:630 the characterization 611:630 the characterization of the root cell walls composition 611:665 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was carried out for the characterization of the root cell walls composition. 26728292 10 31 theme toluene 1335:1341 arg1 pollution 1343:1351 toluene pollution 1335:1351 toluene pollution 1335:1351 The results show that the decrease in the active sites of adsorption on the root cell walls as a response to toluene pollution can affect the water flow rate and the mineral nutrients uptake by roots. 26728292 2 32 theme mg 365:366 arg1 -1 370:371 -1 370:371 -1 370:371 Two sets of alfalfa seedlings were selected and one set was treated with 450 mg L(-1) toluene in the nutrient solution under hydroponic culture. 26728292 2 32 theme mg 365:366 arg1 L 368:368 450 mg L 361:368 450 mg L(-1) toluene in the nutrient solution 361:405 Two sets of alfalfa seedlings were selected and one set was treated with 450 mg L(-1) toluene in the nutrient solution under hydroponic culture. 26728292 9 33 theme root 1209:1212 arg1 walls 1219:1223 the root cell walls 1205:1223 the root cell walls 1205:1223 Also, toluene pollution strongly reduced CEC and Kcw of the root cell walls. 26728292 2 34 theme nutrient 389:396 arg1 solution 398:405 the nutrient solution 385:405 the nutrient solution 385:405 Two sets of alfalfa seedlings were selected and one set was treated with 450 mg L(-1) toluene in the nutrient solution under hydroponic culture. 26728292 7 35 theme wall 1026:1029 arg1 groups 1042:1047 the cell wall functional groups 1017:1047 the cell wall functional groups 1017:1047 According to the FTIR spectra, the toluene pollution can change the alfalfa root cell wall properties by reducing the cell wall functional groups. 26728292 9 36 theme walls 1219:1223 arg1 CEC 1190:1192 CEC 1190:1192 CEC 1190:1192 Also, toluene pollution strongly reduced CEC and Kcw of the root cell walls. 26728292 9 36 theme walls 1219:1223 arg1 Kcw 1198:1200 Kcw 1198:1200 Kcw 1198:1200 Also, toluene pollution strongly reduced CEC and Kcw of the root cell walls. 26728292 0 37 theme swelling 39:46 arg1 coefficient 48:58 swelling coefficient 39:58 swelling coefficient 39:58 Changes in the chemical properties and swelling coefficient of alfalfa root cell walls in the presence of toluene as a toxic agent. 26728292 0 38 dep properties 24:33 arg1 the 11:13 the 11:13 the 11:13 Changes in the chemical properties and swelling coefficient of alfalfa root cell walls in the presence of toluene as a toxic agent. 26728292 6 39 from mass 850:853 arg1 roots 896:900 the alfalfa roots 884:900 the alfalfa roots 884:900 The toluene contamination significantly reduced the mass of the cell wall material in the alfalfa roots. 26728292 10 40 theme flow 1374:1377 arg1 rate 1379:1382 the water flow rate 1364:1382 the water flow rate 1364:1382 The results show that the decrease in the active sites of adsorption on the root cell walls as a response to toluene pollution can affect the water flow rate and the mineral nutrients uptake by roots. 26728292 2 41 theme seedlings 308:316 arg1 sets 292:295 Two sets 288:295 Two sets of alfalfa seedlings 288:316 Two sets of alfalfa seedlings were selected and one set was treated with 450 mg L(-1) toluene in the nutrient solution under hydroponic culture. 26728292 2 41 theme seedlings 308:316 arg1 seedlings 308:316 alfalfa seedlings 300:316 alfalfa seedlings 300:316 Two sets of alfalfa seedlings were selected and one set was treated with 450 mg L(-1) toluene in the nutrient solution under hydroponic culture. 26728292 1 42 theme root 222:225 arg1 walls 232:236 root cell walls 222:236 root cell walls in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) 222:268 The influence of toluene pollution on the chemical properties and swelling coefficient of root cell walls in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was investigated. 26728292 7 43 theme cell 984:987 arg1 properties 994:1003 the alfalfa root cell wall properties 967:1003 the alfalfa root cell wall properties 967:1003 According to the FTIR spectra, the toluene pollution can change the alfalfa root cell wall properties by reducing the cell wall functional groups. 26728292 1 44 theme walls 232:236 arg1 coefficient 207:217 swelling coefficient 198:217 swelling coefficient 198:217 The influence of toluene pollution on the chemical properties and swelling coefficient of root cell walls in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was investigated. 26728292 1 44 theme walls 232:236 arg1 properties 183:192 chemical properties 174:192 chemical properties 174:192 The influence of toluene pollution on the chemical properties and swelling coefficient of root cell walls in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was investigated. 26728292 8 45 from proteins 1102:1109 arg1 wall 1143:1146 the cell wall 1134:1146 the cell wall 1134:1146 These functional groups are probably related to the proteins and polysaccharides in the cell wall. 26728292 10 46 theme mineral 1392:1398 arg1 uptake 1410:1415 the mineral nutrients uptake 1388:1415 the mineral nutrients uptake by roots 1388:1424 The results show that the decrease in the active sites of adsorption on the root cell walls as a response to toluene pollution can affect the water flow rate and the mineral nutrients uptake by roots. 26728292 7 47 theme alfalfa 971:977 arg1 properties 994:1003 the alfalfa root cell wall properties 967:1003 the alfalfa root cell wall properties 967:1003 According to the FTIR spectra, the toluene pollution can change the alfalfa root cell wall properties by reducing the cell wall functional groups. 26728292 1 48 from alfalfa 241:247 arg1 coefficient 207:217 swelling coefficient 198:217 swelling coefficient 198:217 The influence of toluene pollution on the chemical properties and swelling coefficient of root cell walls in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was investigated. 26728292 1 48 from alfalfa 241:247 arg1 properties 183:192 chemical properties 174:192 chemical properties 174:192 The influence of toluene pollution on the chemical properties and swelling coefficient of root cell walls in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was investigated. 26728292 10 49 theme active 1268:1273 arg1 adsorption 1284:1293 adsorption 1284:1293 adsorption 1284:1293 The results show that the decrease in the active sites of adsorption on the root cell walls as a response to toluene pollution can affect the water flow rate and the mineral nutrients uptake by roots. 26728292 10 49 theme active 1268:1273 arg1 sites 1275:1279 the active sites 1264:1279 the active sites of adsorption on the root cell walls as a response to toluene pollution 1264:1351 The results show that the decrease in the active sites of adsorption on the root cell walls as a response to toluene pollution can affect the water flow rate and the mineral nutrients uptake by roots. 26728292 1 50 theme toluene 149:155 arg1 pollution 157:165 toluene pollution 149:165 toluene pollution 149:165 The influence of toluene pollution on the chemical properties and swelling coefficient of root cell walls in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was investigated. 26728292 8 51 theme functional 1056:1065 arg1 groups 1067:1072 These functional groups 1050:1072 These functional groups 1050:1072 These functional groups are probably related to the proteins and polysaccharides in the cell wall. 26728292 6 52 theme wall 867:870 arg1 material 872:879 the cell wall material 858:879 the cell wall material 858:879 The toluene contamination significantly reduced the mass of the cell wall material in the alfalfa roots. 26728292 0 53 theme toluene 106:112 arg1 presence 94:101 the presence 90:101 the presence of toluene 90:112 Changes in the chemical properties and swelling coefficient of alfalfa root cell walls in the presence of toluene as a toxic agent. 26728292 3 54 theme alfalfa 475:481 arg1 plants 483:488 alfalfa plants 475:488 alfalfa plants 475:488 Thirty days after treatment with toluene, alfalfa plants were harvested and the root cell walls were isolated. 26728292 5 55 theme root 739:742 arg1 walls 749:753 the root cell walls 735:753 the root cell walls (Kcw) 735:759 The cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the swelling coefficient of the root cell walls (Kcw) were estimated at various pH values. 26728292 5 55 theme root 739:742 arg1 Kcw 756:758 Kcw 756:758 Kcw 756:758 The cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the swelling coefficient of the root cell walls (Kcw) were estimated at various pH values. 26728292 4 56 theme Fourier-transform 544:560 arg1 spectroscopy 578:589 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy 544:589 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy 544:589 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was carried out for the characterization of the root cell walls composition. 26728292 8 57 dep proteins 1102:1109 arg1 the 1098:1100 the 1098:1100 the 1098:1100 These functional groups are probably related to the proteins and polysaccharides in the cell wall. 26728292 3 58 theme root 513:516 arg1 walls 523:527 the root cell walls 509:527 the root cell walls 509:527 Thirty days after treatment with toluene, alfalfa plants were harvested and the root cell walls were isolated. 26728292 5 59 theme walls 749:753 arg1 coefficient 720:730 the swelling coefficient 707:730 the swelling coefficient of the root cell walls (Kcw) 707:759 The cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the swelling coefficient of the root cell walls (Kcw) were estimated at various pH values. 26728292 5 59 theme walls 749:753 arg1 CEC 698:700 CEC 698:700 CEC 698:700 The cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the swelling coefficient of the root cell walls (Kcw) were estimated at various pH values. 26728292 5 59 theme walls 749:753 arg1 capacity 688:695 The cation exchange capacity 668:695 The cation exchange capacity (CEC) 668:701 The cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the swelling coefficient of the root cell walls (Kcw) were estimated at various pH values. 26728292 1 60 from coefficient 207:217 arg1 alfalfa 241:247 alfalfa 241:247 alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) 241:268 The influence of toluene pollution on the chemical properties and swelling coefficient of root cell walls in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was investigated. 26728292 1 61 from properties 183:192 arg1 alfalfa 241:247 alfalfa 241:247 alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) 241:268 The influence of toluene pollution on the chemical properties and swelling coefficient of root cell walls in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was investigated. 26728292 1 62 from walls 232:236 arg1 alfalfa 241:247 alfalfa 241:247 alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) 241:268 The influence of toluene pollution on the chemical properties and swelling coefficient of root cell walls in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was investigated. 26728292 7 63 theme functional 1031:1040 arg1 groups 1042:1047 the cell wall functional groups 1017:1047 the cell wall functional groups 1017:1047 According to the FTIR spectra, the toluene pollution can change the alfalfa root cell wall properties by reducing the cell wall functional groups. 26728292 4 64 theme root 639:642 arg1 walls 649:653 root cell walls 639:653 the root cell walls composition 635:665 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was carried out for the characterization of the root cell walls composition. 26728292 5 65 theme cation 672:677 arg1 CEC 698:700 CEC 698:700 CEC 698:700 The cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the swelling coefficient of the root cell walls (Kcw) were estimated at various pH values. 26728292 5 65 theme cation 672:677 arg1 capacity 688:695 The cation exchange capacity 668:695 The cation exchange capacity (CEC) 668:701 The cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the swelling coefficient of the root cell walls (Kcw) were estimated at various pH values. 26728292 2 66 theme hydroponic 413:422 arg1 culture 424:430 hydroponic culture 413:430 hydroponic culture 413:430 Two sets of alfalfa seedlings were selected and one set was treated with 450 mg L(-1) toluene in the nutrient solution under hydroponic culture. 26728292 0 67 theme cell 76:79 arg1 agent 125:129 a toxic agent 117:129 a toxic agent 117:129 Changes in the chemical properties and swelling coefficient of alfalfa root cell walls in the presence of toluene as a toxic agent. 26728292 0 67 theme cell 76:79 arg1 walls 81:85 cell walls 76:85 cell walls in the presence of toluene 76:112 Changes in the chemical properties and swelling coefficient of alfalfa root cell walls in the presence of toluene as a toxic agent. 26728292 9 68 theme toluene 1155:1161 arg1 pollution 1163:1171 toluene pollution 1155:1171 toluene pollution 1155:1171 Also, toluene pollution strongly reduced CEC and Kcw of the root cell walls. 26728292 5 69 theme pH 787:788 arg1 values 790:795 various pH values 779:795 various pH values 779:795 The cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the swelling coefficient of the root cell walls (Kcw) were estimated at various pH values. 26728292 6 70 theme alfalfa 888:894 arg1 roots 896:900 the alfalfa roots 884:900 the alfalfa roots 884:900 The toluene contamination significantly reduced the mass of the cell wall material in the alfalfa roots. 26728292 1 71 dep alfalfa 241:247 arg1 L. 266:267 Medicago sativa L. 250:267 Medicago sativa L. 250:267 The influence of toluene pollution on the chemical properties and swelling coefficient of root cell walls in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was investigated. 26728292 8 72 theme cell 1138:1141 arg1 wall 1143:1146 the cell wall 1134:1146 the cell wall 1134:1146 These functional groups are probably related to the proteins and polysaccharides in the cell wall. 26728292 5 73 theme swelling 711:718 arg1 coefficient 720:730 the swelling coefficient 707:730 the swelling coefficient of the root cell walls (Kcw) 707:759 The cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the swelling coefficient of the root cell walls (Kcw) were estimated at various pH values. 26728292 10 74 theme root 1302:1305 arg1 walls 1312:1316 the root cell walls 1298:1316 the root cell walls as a response to toluene pollution 1298:1351 The results show that the decrease in the active sites of adsorption on the root cell walls as a response to toluene pollution can affect the water flow rate and the mineral nutrients uptake by roots. 26728292 4 75 theme walls 649:653 arg1 composition 655:665 the root cell walls composition 635:665 the root cell walls composition 635:665 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was carried out for the characterization of the root cell walls composition. 26728292 0 76 theme chemical 15:22 arg1 properties 24:33 chemical properties 15:33 chemical properties 15:33 Changes in the chemical properties and swelling coefficient of alfalfa root cell walls in the presence of toluene as a toxic agent. 26728292 3 77 dep days 440:443 arg1 treatment 451:459 treatment 451:459 treatment with toluene 451:472 Thirty days after treatment with toluene, alfalfa plants were harvested and the root cell walls were isolated. 26728292 2 78 theme L 368:368 arg1 toluene 374:380 450 mg L(-1) toluene 361:380 450 mg L(-1) toluene in the nutrient solution 361:405 Two sets of alfalfa seedlings were selected and one set was treated with 450 mg L(-1) toluene in the nutrient solution under hydroponic culture. 26728292 7 79 theme cell 1021:1024 arg1 groups 1042:1047 the cell wall functional groups 1017:1047 the cell wall functional groups 1017:1047 According to the FTIR spectra, the toluene pollution can change the alfalfa root cell wall properties by reducing the cell wall functional groups. 26728292 9 80 theme cell 1214:1217 arg1 walls 1219:1223 the root cell walls 1205:1223 the root cell walls 1205:1223 Also, toluene pollution strongly reduced CEC and Kcw of the root cell walls. 26728292 1 81 theme chemical 174:181 arg1 properties 183:192 chemical properties 174:192 chemical properties 174:192 The influence of toluene pollution on the chemical properties and swelling coefficient of root cell walls in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was investigated. 26728292 4 82 dep infrared 562:569 arg1 FTIR 572:575 FTIR 572:575 FTIR 572:575 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was carried out for the characterization of the root cell walls composition. 26728292 10 83 from decrease 1252:1259 arg1 walls 1312:1316 the root cell walls 1298:1316 the root cell walls as a response to toluene pollution 1298:1351 The results show that the decrease in the active sites of adsorption on the root cell walls as a response to toluene pollution can affect the water flow rate and the mineral nutrients uptake by roots. 26728292 10 83 from decrease 1252:1259 arg1 adsorption 1284:1293 adsorption 1284:1293 adsorption 1284:1293 The results show that the decrease in the active sites of adsorption on the root cell walls as a response to toluene pollution can affect the water flow rate and the mineral nutrients uptake by roots. 26728292 10 83 from decrease 1252:1259 arg1 sites 1275:1279 the active sites 1264:1279 the active sites of adsorption on the root cell walls as a response to toluene pollution 1264:1351 The results show that the decrease in the active sites of adsorption on the root cell walls as a response to toluene pollution can affect the water flow rate and the mineral nutrients uptake by roots. 26728292 1 84 dep properties 183:192 arg1 the 170:172 the 170:172 the 170:172 The influence of toluene pollution on the chemical properties and swelling coefficient of root cell walls in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was investigated. 26728292 1 85 theme swelling 198:205 arg1 coefficient 207:217 swelling coefficient 198:217 swelling coefficient 198:217 The influence of toluene pollution on the chemical properties and swelling coefficient of root cell walls in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was investigated. 25375347 2 0 theme atom 688:691 arg1 transfer 693:700 atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) 688:730 atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) based cores 688:769 Star-shaped heparin-mimicking polyanions (including poly(styrenesulfonate-co-sodium acrylate; Star-PSS-AANa) and poly(styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate; Star-PSS-EGMA)) and polycations (poly(methyl chloride-quaternized 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate; Star-PMeDMA) were first synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) based cores. 25375347 6 1 theme inflammation 1907:1918 arg1 potential 1920:1928 inflammation potential 1907:1928 inflammation potential 1907:1928 Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) confirmed that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. 25375347 1 2 theme self-assembly 305:317 arg1 method 319:324 a layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly method 282:324 a layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly method on polymeric membrane substrates 282:357 In this study, multifunctional and heparin-mimicking star-shaped supramolecules-deposited 3D porous multilayer films with improved biocompatibility were fabricated via a layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly method on polymeric membrane substrates. 25375347 6 3 dep indicates 1897:1905 arg1 C5a 1892:1894 C5a 1892:1894 C5a 1892:1894 Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) confirmed that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. 25375347 6 3 dep indicates 1897:1905 arg1 C3a 1884:1886 C3a 1884:1886 C3a 1884:1886 Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) confirmed that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. 25375347 3 4 theme porous 792:797 arg1 multilayers 799:809 3D porous multilayers 789:809 3D porous multilayers 789:809 Then assembly of 3D porous multilayers onto polymeric membrane surfaces was carried out by alternating deposition of the polyanions and polycations via electrostatic interaction. 25375347 2 5 dep methacrylate 635:646 arg1 Star-PMeDMA 649:659 Star-PMeDMA 649:659 methyl chloride-quaternized 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate; Star-PMeDMA 584:659 Star-shaped heparin-mimicking polyanions (including poly(styrenesulfonate-co-sodium acrylate; Star-PSS-AANa) and poly(styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate; Star-PSS-EGMA)) and polycations (poly(methyl chloride-quaternized 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate; Star-PMeDMA) were first synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) based cores. 25375347 6 6 dep factor 1638:1643 arg1 indicates 1653:1661 indicates 1653:1661 indicates platelet activation 1653:1681 Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) confirmed that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. 25375347 6 7 theme blood 2015:2019 arg1 activations 2031:2041 ultralow blood component activations 2006:2041 ultralow blood component activations 2006:2041 Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) confirmed that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. 25375347 2 8 theme radical 702:708 arg1 ATRP 726:729 ATRP 726:729 ATRP 726:729 Star-shaped heparin-mimicking polyanions (including poly(styrenesulfonate-co-sodium acrylate; Star-PSS-AANa) and poly(styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate; Star-PSS-EGMA)) and polycations (poly(methyl chloride-quaternized 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate; Star-PMeDMA) were first synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) based cores. 25375347 2 8 theme radical 702:708 arg1 polymerization 710:723 radical polymerization 702:723 atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) based cores 688:769 Star-shaped heparin-mimicking polyanions (including poly(styrenesulfonate-co-sodium acrylate; Star-PSS-AANa) and poly(styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate; Star-PSS-EGMA)) and polycations (poly(methyl chloride-quaternized 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate; Star-PMeDMA) were first synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) based cores. 25375347 5 9 theme membrane 1295:1302 arg1 surfaces 1304:1311 the biomedical membrane surfaces 1280:1311 the biomedical membrane surfaces 1280:1311 The results of surface ATR-FTIR spectra and XPS spectra verified successful deposition of the star-shaped supramolecules onto the biomedical membrane surfaces; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations revealed that the modified substrate had 3D porous surface morphology, which might have a great biological influence on the biointerface. 25375347 3 10 theme membrane 826:833 arg1 surfaces 835:842 polymeric membrane surfaces 816:842 polymeric membrane surfaces 816:842 Then assembly of 3D porous multilayers onto polymeric membrane surfaces was carried out by alternating deposition of the polyanions and polycations via electrostatic interaction. 25375347 5 11 contain had 1433:1435 arg2 morphology 1455:1464 3D porous surface morphology 1437:1464 3D porous surface morphology 1437:1464 The results of surface ATR-FTIR spectra and XPS spectra verified successful deposition of the star-shaped supramolecules onto the biomedical membrane surfaces; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations revealed that the modified substrate had 3D porous surface morphology, which might have a great biological influence on the biointerface. 25375347 5 11 contain had 1433:1435 arg1 substrate 1423:1431 the modified substrate 1410:1431 the modified substrate 1410:1431 The results of surface ATR-FTIR spectra and XPS spectra verified successful deposition of the star-shaped supramolecules onto the biomedical membrane surfaces; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations revealed that the modified substrate had 3D porous surface morphology, which might have a great biological influence on the biointerface. 25375347 1 12 theme improved 236:243 arg1 biocompatibility 245:260 improved biocompatibility 236:260 improved biocompatibility 236:260 In this study, multifunctional and heparin-mimicking star-shaped supramolecules-deposited 3D porous multilayer films with improved biocompatibility were fabricated via a layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly method on polymeric membrane substrates. 25375347 7 13 theme endothelial 2110:2120 arg1 viability 2127:2135 endothelial cell viability 2110:2135 endothelial cell viability 2110:2135 Meanwhile, after surface coating, endothelial cell viability was also promoted, which indicated that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coating might extend the application fields of polymeric membranes in biomedical fields. 25375347 4 14 theme blood 1012:1016 arg1 activation 1018:1027 blood activation 1012:1027 blood activation 1012:1027 The surface morphology and composition, water contact angle, blood activation, and thrombotic potential as well as cell viability for the coated heparin-mimicking films were systematically investigated. 25375347 6 15 theme coated 1979:1984 arg1 membranes 1986:1994 the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes 1946:1994 the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes 1946:1994 Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) confirmed that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. 25375347 5 16 theme surface 1169:1175 arg1 spectra 1186:1192 surface ATR-FTIR spectra 1169:1192 surface ATR-FTIR spectra 1169:1192 The results of surface ATR-FTIR spectra and XPS spectra verified successful deposition of the star-shaped supramolecules onto the biomedical membrane surfaces; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations revealed that the modified substrate had 3D porous surface morphology, which might have a great biological influence on the biointerface. 25375347 2 17 theme Star-shaped 360:370 arg1 polyanions 390:399 Star-shaped heparin-mimicking polyanions 360:399 Star-shaped heparin-mimicking polyanions (including poly(styrenesulfonate-co-sodium acrylate; Star-PSS-AANa) and poly(styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate; Star-PSS-EGMA)) 360:560 Star-shaped heparin-mimicking polyanions (including poly(styrenesulfonate-co-sodium acrylate; Star-PSS-AANa) and poly(styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate; Star-PSS-EGMA)) and polycations (poly(methyl chloride-quaternized 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate; Star-PMeDMA) were first synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) based cores. 25375347 6 18 theme platelet 1629:1636 arg1 factor 1638:1643 human platelet factor 4 1623:1645 human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation) 1623:1682 Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) confirmed that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. 25375347 6 18 theme platelet 1629:1636 arg1 adsorption 1592:1601 protein adsorption 1584:1601 protein adsorption 1584:1601 Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) confirmed that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. 25375347 6 19 theme heparin-mimicking 1950:1966 arg1 membranes 1986:1994 the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes 1946:1994 the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes 1946:1994 Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) confirmed that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. 25375347 5 20 theme microscopy 1332:1341 arg1 observations 1383:1394 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations 1314:1394 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations 1314:1394 The results of surface ATR-FTIR spectra and XPS spectra verified successful deposition of the star-shaped supramolecules onto the biomedical membrane surfaces; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations revealed that the modified substrate had 3D porous surface morphology, which might have a great biological influence on the biointerface. 25375347 5 21 theme spectra 1186:1192 arg1 results 1158:1164 The results 1154:1164 The results of surface ATR-FTIR spectra and XPS spectra 1154:1208 The results of surface ATR-FTIR spectra and XPS spectra verified successful deposition of the star-shaped supramolecules onto the biomedical membrane surfaces; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations revealed that the modified substrate had 3D porous surface morphology, which might have a great biological influence on the biointerface. 25375347 4 22 theme water 991:995 arg1 angle 1005:1009 water contact angle 991:1009 water contact angle 991:1009 The surface morphology and composition, water contact angle, blood activation, and thrombotic potential as well as cell viability for the coated heparin-mimicking films were systematically investigated. 25375347 3 23 dep polyanions 893:902 arg1 the 889:891 the 889:891 the 889:891 Then assembly of 3D porous multilayers onto polymeric membrane surfaces was carried out by alternating deposition of the polyanions and polycations via electrostatic interaction. 25375347 6 24 theme partial 1694:1700 arg1 APTT 1723:1726 APTT 1723:1726 APTT 1723:1726 Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) confirmed that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. 25375347 6 24 theme partial 1694:1700 arg1 time 1717:1720 partial thromboplastin time 1694:1720 partial thromboplastin time (APTT) 1694:1727 Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) confirmed that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. 25375347 1 25 theme multifunctional 129:143 arg1 films 225:229 multifunctional and heparin-mimicking star-shaped supramolecules-deposited 3D porous multilayer films 129:229 multifunctional and heparin-mimicking star-shaped supramolecules-deposited 3D porous multilayer films with improved biocompatibility 129:260 In this study, multifunctional and heparin-mimicking star-shaped supramolecules-deposited 3D porous multilayer films with improved biocompatibility were fabricated via a layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly method on polymeric membrane substrates. 25375347 6 26 theme coagulation 1750:1760 arg1 activation 1762:1771 coagulation activation 1750:1771 coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)) 1750:1840 Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) confirmed that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. 25375347 1 27 theme heparin-mimicking 149:165 arg1 films 225:229 multifunctional and heparin-mimicking star-shaped supramolecules-deposited 3D porous multilayer films 129:229 multifunctional and heparin-mimicking star-shaped supramolecules-deposited 3D porous multilayer films with improved biocompatibility 129:260 In this study, multifunctional and heparin-mimicking star-shaped supramolecules-deposited 3D porous multilayer films with improved biocompatibility were fabricated via a layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly method on polymeric membrane substrates. 25375347 3 28 theme electrostatic 924:936 arg1 interaction 938:948 electrostatic interaction 924:948 electrostatic interaction 924:948 Then assembly of 3D porous multilayers onto polymeric membrane surfaces was carried out by alternating deposition of the polyanions and polycations via electrostatic interaction. 25375347 6 29 theme excellent 2047:2055 arg1 hemocompatibility 2057:2073 excellent hemocompatibility 2047:2073 excellent hemocompatibility 2047:2073 Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) confirmed that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. 25375347 7 30 theme biomedical 2280:2289 arg1 fields 2291:2296 biomedical fields 2280:2296 biomedical fields 2280:2296 Meanwhile, after surface coating, endothelial cell viability was also promoted, which indicated that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coating might extend the application fields of polymeric membranes in biomedical fields. 25375347 1 31 theme supramolecules-deposited 179:202 arg1 films 225:229 multifunctional and heparin-mimicking star-shaped supramolecules-deposited 3D porous multilayer films 129:229 multifunctional and heparin-mimicking star-shaped supramolecules-deposited 3D porous multilayer films with improved biocompatibility 129:260 In this study, multifunctional and heparin-mimicking star-shaped supramolecules-deposited 3D porous multilayer films with improved biocompatibility were fabricated via a layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly method on polymeric membrane substrates. 25375347 7 32 theme multilayer 2199:2208 arg1 coating 2210:2216 the heparin-mimicking multilayer coating 2177:2216 the heparin-mimicking multilayer coating 2177:2216 Meanwhile, after surface coating, endothelial cell viability was also promoted, which indicated that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coating might extend the application fields of polymeric membranes in biomedical fields. 25375347 3 33 theme polycations 908:918 arg1 deposition 875:884 deposition 875:884 deposition of the polyanions and polycations 875:918 Then assembly of 3D porous multilayers onto polymeric membrane surfaces was carried out by alternating deposition of the polyanions and polycations via electrostatic interaction. 25375347 0 34 theme cyclodextrin-based 79:96 arg1 supramolecules 98:111 cyclodextrin-based supramolecules 79:111 cyclodextrin-based supramolecules 79:111 Heparin-mimicking multilayer coating on polymeric membrane via LbL assembly of cyclodextrin-based supramolecules. 25375347 1 35 theme porous 207:212 arg1 films 225:229 multifunctional and heparin-mimicking star-shaped supramolecules-deposited 3D porous multilayer films 129:229 multifunctional and heparin-mimicking star-shaped supramolecules-deposited 3D porous multilayer films with improved biocompatibility 129:260 In this study, multifunctional and heparin-mimicking star-shaped supramolecules-deposited 3D porous multilayer films with improved biocompatibility were fabricated via a layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly method on polymeric membrane substrates. 25375347 4 36 theme thrombotic 1034:1043 arg1 potential 1045:1053 thrombotic potential 1034:1053 thrombotic potential 1034:1053 The surface morphology and composition, water contact angle, blood activation, and thrombotic potential as well as cell viability for the coated heparin-mimicking films were systematically investigated. 25375347 6 37 theme blood 1824:1828 arg1 coagulant 1830:1838 blood coagulant 1824:1838 blood coagulant 1824:1838 Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) confirmed that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. 25375347 3 38 theme polyanions 893:902 arg1 deposition 875:884 deposition 875:884 deposition of the polyanions and polycations 875:918 Then assembly of 3D porous multilayers onto polymeric membrane surfaces was carried out by alternating deposition of the polyanions and polycations via electrostatic interaction. 25375347 5 39 theme XPS 1198:1200 arg1 spectra 1202:1208 XPS spectra 1198:1208 XPS spectra 1198:1208 The results of surface ATR-FTIR spectra and XPS spectra verified successful deposition of the star-shaped supramolecules onto the biomedical membrane surfaces; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations revealed that the modified substrate had 3D porous surface morphology, which might have a great biological influence on the biointerface. 25375347 7 40 theme application 2235:2245 arg1 fields 2247:2252 the application fields 2231:2252 the application fields of polymeric membranes in biomedical fields 2231:2296 Meanwhile, after surface coating, endothelial cell viability was also promoted, which indicated that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coating might extend the application fields of polymeric membranes in biomedical fields. 25375347 2 41 theme chloride-quaternized 591:610 arg1 methacrylate 635:646 methyl chloride-quaternized 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate 584:646 methyl chloride-quaternized 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate; Star-PMeDMA 584:659 Star-shaped heparin-mimicking polyanions (including poly(styrenesulfonate-co-sodium acrylate; Star-PSS-AANa) and poly(styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate; Star-PSS-EGMA)) and polycations (poly(methyl chloride-quaternized 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate; Star-PMeDMA) were first synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) based cores. 25375347 5 42 theme surface 1447:1453 arg1 morphology 1455:1464 3D porous surface morphology 1437:1464 3D porous surface morphology 1437:1464 The results of surface ATR-FTIR spectra and XPS spectra verified successful deposition of the star-shaped supramolecules onto the biomedical membrane surfaces; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations revealed that the modified substrate had 3D porous surface morphology, which might have a great biological influence on the biointerface. 25375347 2 43 theme styrenesulfonate-co-poly 478:501 arg1 methacrylate 532:543 styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate 478:543 styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate; Star-PSS-EGMA 478:558 Star-shaped heparin-mimicking polyanions (including poly(styrenesulfonate-co-sodium acrylate; Star-PSS-AANa) and poly(styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate; Star-PSS-EGMA)) and polycations (poly(methyl chloride-quaternized 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate; Star-PMeDMA) were first synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) based cores. 25375347 2 44 dep poly 412:415 arg1 acrylate 444:451 styrenesulfonate-co-sodium acrylate 417:451 styrenesulfonate-co-sodium acrylate; Star-PSS-AANa 417:466 Star-shaped heparin-mimicking polyanions (including poly(styrenesulfonate-co-sodium acrylate; Star-PSS-AANa) and poly(styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate; Star-PSS-EGMA)) and polycations (poly(methyl chloride-quaternized 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate; Star-PMeDMA) were first synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) based cores. 25375347 0 45 theme Heparin-mimicking 0:16 arg1 multilayer 18:27 Heparin-mimicking multilayer 0:27 Heparin-mimicking multilayer 0:27 Heparin-mimicking multilayer coating on polymeric membrane via LbL assembly of cyclodextrin-based supramolecules. 25375347 1 46 theme polymeric 329:337 arg1 substrates 348:357 polymeric membrane substrates 329:357 polymeric membrane substrates 329:357 In this study, multifunctional and heparin-mimicking star-shaped supramolecules-deposited 3D porous multilayer films with improved biocompatibility were fabricated via a layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly method on polymeric membrane substrates. 25375347 2 47 dep methacrylate 532:543 arg1 Star-PSS-EGMA 546:558 Star-PSS-EGMA 546:558 styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate; Star-PSS-EGMA 478:558 Star-shaped heparin-mimicking polyanions (including poly(styrenesulfonate-co-sodium acrylate; Star-PSS-AANa) and poly(styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate; Star-PSS-EGMA)) and polycations (poly(methyl chloride-quaternized 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate; Star-PMeDMA) were first synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) based cores. 25375347 7 48 from fields 2247:2252 arg1 fields 2291:2296 biomedical fields 2280:2296 biomedical fields 2280:2296 Meanwhile, after surface coating, endothelial cell viability was also promoted, which indicated that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coating might extend the application fields of polymeric membranes in biomedical fields. 25375347 2 49 theme ether 526:530 arg1 methacrylate 532:543 styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate 478:543 styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate; Star-PSS-EGMA 478:558 Star-shaped heparin-mimicking polyanions (including poly(styrenesulfonate-co-sodium acrylate; Star-PSS-AANa) and poly(styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate; Star-PSS-EGMA)) and polycations (poly(methyl chloride-quaternized 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate; Star-PMeDMA) were first synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) based cores. 25375347 5 50 theme 3D 1437:1438 arg1 morphology 1455:1464 3D porous surface morphology 1437:1464 3D porous surface morphology 1437:1464 The results of surface ATR-FTIR spectra and XPS spectra verified successful deposition of the star-shaped supramolecules onto the biomedical membrane surfaces; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations revealed that the modified substrate had 3D porous surface morphology, which might have a great biological influence on the biointerface. 25375347 2 51 theme ethylene 503:510 arg1 methacrylate 532:543 styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate 478:543 styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate; Star-PSS-EGMA 478:558 Star-shaped heparin-mimicking polyanions (including poly(styrenesulfonate-co-sodium acrylate; Star-PSS-AANa) and poly(styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate; Star-PSS-EGMA)) and polycations (poly(methyl chloride-quaternized 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate; Star-PMeDMA) were first synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) based cores. 25375347 0 52 theme polymeric 40:48 arg1 membrane 50:57 polymeric membrane 40:57 polymeric membrane 40:57 Heparin-mimicking multilayer coating on polymeric membrane via LbL assembly of cyclodextrin-based supramolecules. 25375347 5 53 theme supramolecules 1260:1273 arg1 deposition 1230:1239 successful deposition 1219:1239 successful deposition of the star-shaped supramolecules onto the biomedical membrane surfaces 1219:1311 The results of surface ATR-FTIR spectra and XPS spectra verified successful deposition of the star-shaped supramolecules onto the biomedical membrane surfaces; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations revealed that the modified substrate had 3D porous surface morphology, which might have a great biological influence on the biointerface. 25375347 4 54 theme heparin-mimicking 1096:1112 arg1 films 1114:1118 the coated heparin-mimicking films 1085:1118 the coated heparin-mimicking films 1085:1118 The surface morphology and composition, water contact angle, blood activation, and thrombotic potential as well as cell viability for the coated heparin-mimicking films were systematically investigated. 25375347 6 55 theme blood-related 1847:1859 arg1 activation 1872:1881 blood-related complement activation 1847:1881 blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) 1847:1929 Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) confirmed that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. 25375347 5 56 theme biological 1492:1501 arg1 influence 1503:1511 a great biological influence 1484:1511 a great biological influence 1484:1511 The results of surface ATR-FTIR spectra and XPS spectra verified successful deposition of the star-shaped supramolecules onto the biomedical membrane surfaces; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations revealed that the modified substrate had 3D porous surface morphology, which might have a great biological influence on the biointerface. 25375347 2 57 theme styrenesulfonate-co-sodium 417:442 arg1 acrylate 444:451 styrenesulfonate-co-sodium acrylate 417:451 styrenesulfonate-co-sodium acrylate; Star-PSS-AANa 417:466 Star-shaped heparin-mimicking polyanions (including poly(styrenesulfonate-co-sodium acrylate; Star-PSS-AANa) and poly(styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate; Star-PSS-EGMA)) and polycations (poly(methyl chloride-quaternized 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate; Star-PMeDMA) were first synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) based cores. 25375347 2 58 dep polycations 566:576 arg1 poly 579:582 poly 579:582 poly 579:582 Star-shaped heparin-mimicking polyanions (including poly(styrenesulfonate-co-sodium acrylate; Star-PSS-AANa) and poly(styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate; Star-PSS-EGMA)) and polycations (poly(methyl chloride-quaternized 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate; Star-PMeDMA) were first synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) based cores. 25375347 2 59 dep poly 473:476 arg1 methacrylate 532:543 styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate 478:543 styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate; Star-PSS-EGMA 478:558 Star-shaped heparin-mimicking polyanions (including poly(styrenesulfonate-co-sodium acrylate; Star-PSS-AANa) and poly(styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate; Star-PSS-EGMA)) and polycations (poly(methyl chloride-quaternized 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate; Star-PMeDMA) were first synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) based cores. 25375347 2 60 dep poly 579:582 arg1 methacrylate 635:646 methyl chloride-quaternized 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate 584:646 methyl chloride-quaternized 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate; Star-PMeDMA 584:659 Star-shaped heparin-mimicking polyanions (including poly(styrenesulfonate-co-sodium acrylate; Star-PSS-AANa) and poly(styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate; Star-PSS-EGMA)) and polycations (poly(methyl chloride-quaternized 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate; Star-PMeDMA) were first synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) based cores. 25375347 6 61 from investigation 1567:1579 arg1 systematic 1547:1556 systematic 1547:1556 systematic 1547:1556 Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) confirmed that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. 25375347 2 62 from cores 765:769 arg1 transfer 693:700 atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) 688:730 atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) based cores 688:769 Star-shaped heparin-mimicking polyanions (including poly(styrenesulfonate-co-sodium acrylate; Star-PSS-AANa) and poly(styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate; Star-PSS-EGMA)) and polycations (poly(methyl chloride-quaternized 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate; Star-PMeDMA) were first synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) based cores. 25375347 5 63 theme atomic 1353:1358 arg1 AFM 1378:1380 AFM 1378:1380 AFM 1378:1380 The results of surface ATR-FTIR spectra and XPS spectra verified successful deposition of the star-shaped supramolecules onto the biomedical membrane surfaces; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations revealed that the modified substrate had 3D porous surface morphology, which might have a great biological influence on the biointerface. 25375347 5 63 theme atomic 1353:1358 arg1 microscopy 1366:1375 atomic force microscopy 1353:1375 atomic force microscopy (AFM) 1353:1381 The results of surface ATR-FTIR spectra and XPS spectra verified successful deposition of the star-shaped supramolecules onto the biomedical membrane surfaces; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations revealed that the modified substrate had 3D porous surface morphology, which might have a great biological influence on the biointerface. 25375347 7 64 theme heparin-mimicking 2181:2197 arg1 coating 2210:2216 the heparin-mimicking multilayer coating 2177:2216 the heparin-mimicking multilayer coating 2177:2216 Meanwhile, after surface coating, endothelial cell viability was also promoted, which indicated that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coating might extend the application fields of polymeric membranes in biomedical fields. 25375347 6 65 theme protein 1584:1590 arg1 factor 1638:1643 human platelet factor 4 1623:1645 human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation) 1623:1682 Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) confirmed that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. 25375347 6 65 theme protein 1584:1590 arg1 adsorption 1592:1601 protein adsorption 1584:1601 protein adsorption 1584:1601 Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) confirmed that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. 25375347 6 65 theme protein 1584:1590 arg1 adhesion 1613:1620 platelet adhesion 1604:1620 platelet adhesion 1604:1620 Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) confirmed that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. 25375347 5 66 theme electron 1323:1330 arg1 SEM 1344:1346 SEM 1344:1346 SEM 1344:1346 The results of surface ATR-FTIR spectra and XPS spectra verified successful deposition of the star-shaped supramolecules onto the biomedical membrane surfaces; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations revealed that the modified substrate had 3D porous surface morphology, which might have a great biological influence on the biointerface. 25375347 5 66 theme electron 1323:1330 arg1 microscopy 1332:1341 scanning electron microscopy 1314:1341 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 1314:1347 The results of surface ATR-FTIR spectra and XPS spectra verified successful deposition of the star-shaped supramolecules onto the biomedical membrane surfaces; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations revealed that the modified substrate had 3D porous surface morphology, which might have a great biological influence on the biointerface. 25375347 4 67 theme surface 955:961 arg1 morphology 963:972 surface morphology 955:972 surface morphology 955:972 The surface morphology and composition, water contact angle, blood activation, and thrombotic potential as well as cell viability for the coated heparin-mimicking films were systematically investigated. 25375347 6 68 theme platelet 1663:1670 arg1 activation 1672:1681 platelet activation 1663:1681 platelet activation 1663:1681 Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) confirmed that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. 25375347 3 69 theme multilayers 799:809 arg1 assembly 777:784 assembly 777:784 assembly of 3D porous multilayers onto polymeric membrane surfaces 777:842 Then assembly of 3D porous multilayers onto polymeric membrane surfaces was carried out by alternating deposition of the polyanions and polycations via electrostatic interaction. 25375347 1 70 theme multilayer 214:223 arg1 films 225:229 multifunctional and heparin-mimicking star-shaped supramolecules-deposited 3D porous multilayer films 129:229 multifunctional and heparin-mimicking star-shaped supramolecules-deposited 3D porous multilayer films with improved biocompatibility 129:260 In this study, multifunctional and heparin-mimicking star-shaped supramolecules-deposited 3D porous multilayer films with improved biocompatibility were fabricated via a layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly method on polymeric membrane substrates. 25375347 6 71 theme ultralow 2006:2013 arg1 activations 2031:2041 ultralow blood component activations 2006:2041 ultralow blood component activations 2006:2041 Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) confirmed that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. 25375347 3 72 theme 3D 789:790 arg1 multilayers 799:809 3D porous multilayers 789:809 3D porous multilayers 789:809 Then assembly of 3D porous multilayers onto polymeric membrane surfaces was carried out by alternating deposition of the polyanions and polycations via electrostatic interaction. 25375347 2 73 dep transfer 693:700 arg1 ATRP 726:729 ATRP 726:729 ATRP 726:729 Star-shaped heparin-mimicking polyanions (including poly(styrenesulfonate-co-sodium acrylate; Star-PSS-AANa) and poly(styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate; Star-PSS-EGMA)) and polycations (poly(methyl chloride-quaternized 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate; Star-PMeDMA) were first synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) based cores. 25375347 2 73 dep transfer 693:700 arg1 polymerization 710:723 radical polymerization 702:723 atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) based cores 688:769 Star-shaped heparin-mimicking polyanions (including poly(styrenesulfonate-co-sodium acrylate; Star-PSS-AANa) and poly(styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate; Star-PSS-EGMA)) and polycations (poly(methyl chloride-quaternized 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate; Star-PMeDMA) were first synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) based cores. 25375347 6 74 dep indicates 1653:1661 arg1 PF4 1648:1650 PF4 1648:1650 PF4 1648:1650 Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) confirmed that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. 25375347 1 75 from method 319:324 arg1 substrates 348:357 polymeric membrane substrates 329:357 polymeric membrane substrates 329:357 In this study, multifunctional and heparin-mimicking star-shaped supramolecules-deposited 3D porous multilayer films with improved biocompatibility were fabricated via a layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly method on polymeric membrane substrates. 25375347 2 76 theme heparin-mimicking 372:388 arg1 polyanions 390:399 Star-shaped heparin-mimicking polyanions 360:399 Star-shaped heparin-mimicking polyanions (including poly(styrenesulfonate-co-sodium acrylate; Star-PSS-AANa) and poly(styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate; Star-PSS-EGMA)) 360:560 Star-shaped heparin-mimicking polyanions (including poly(styrenesulfonate-co-sodium acrylate; Star-PSS-AANa) and poly(styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate; Star-PSS-EGMA)) and polycations (poly(methyl chloride-quaternized 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate; Star-PMeDMA) were first synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) based cores. 25375347 7 77 theme cell 2122:2125 arg1 viability 2127:2135 endothelial cell viability 2110:2135 endothelial cell viability 2110:2135 Meanwhile, after surface coating, endothelial cell viability was also promoted, which indicated that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coating might extend the application fields of polymeric membranes in biomedical fields. 25375347 6 78 dep activation 1762:1771 arg1 complex 1800:1806 thrombin-antithrombin III complex 1774:1806 thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant) 1774:1839 Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) confirmed that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. 25375347 2 79 theme ethyl 629:633 arg1 methacrylate 635:646 methyl chloride-quaternized 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate 584:646 methyl chloride-quaternized 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate; Star-PMeDMA 584:659 Star-shaped heparin-mimicking polyanions (including poly(styrenesulfonate-co-sodium acrylate; Star-PSS-AANa) and poly(styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate; Star-PSS-EGMA)) and polycations (poly(methyl chloride-quaternized 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate; Star-PMeDMA) were first synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) based cores. 25375347 6 80 theme multilayer 1968:1977 arg1 membranes 1986:1994 the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes 1946:1994 the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes 1946:1994 Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) confirmed that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. 25375347 3 81 theme polymeric 816:824 arg1 surfaces 835:842 polymeric membrane surfaces 816:842 polymeric membrane surfaces 816:842 Then assembly of 3D porous multilayers onto polymeric membrane surfaces was carried out by alternating deposition of the polyanions and polycations via electrostatic interaction. 25375347 5 82 theme ATR-FTIR 1177:1184 arg1 spectra 1186:1192 surface ATR-FTIR spectra 1169:1192 surface ATR-FTIR spectra 1169:1192 The results of surface ATR-FTIR spectra and XPS spectra verified successful deposition of the star-shaped supramolecules onto the biomedical membrane surfaces; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations revealed that the modified substrate had 3D porous surface morphology, which might have a great biological influence on the biointerface. 25375347 6 83 theme human 1623:1627 arg1 factor 1638:1643 human platelet factor 4 1623:1645 human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation) 1623:1682 Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) confirmed that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. 25375347 6 83 theme human 1623:1627 arg1 adsorption 1592:1601 protein adsorption 1584:1601 protein adsorption 1584:1601 Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) confirmed that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. 25375347 2 84 theme dimethylamino 615:627 arg1 methacrylate 635:646 methyl chloride-quaternized 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate 584:646 methyl chloride-quaternized 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate; Star-PMeDMA 584:659 Star-shaped heparin-mimicking polyanions (including poly(styrenesulfonate-co-sodium acrylate; Star-PSS-AANa) and poly(styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate; Star-PSS-EGMA)) and polycations (poly(methyl chloride-quaternized 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate; Star-PMeDMA) were first synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) based cores. 25375347 6 85 theme thrombin-antithrombin 1774:1794 arg1 complex 1800:1806 thrombin-antithrombin III complex 1774:1806 thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant) 1774:1839 Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) confirmed that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. 25375347 7 86 theme membranes 2267:2275 arg1 fields 2247:2252 the application fields 2231:2252 the application fields of polymeric membranes in biomedical fields 2231:2296 Meanwhile, after surface coating, endothelial cell viability was also promoted, which indicated that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coating might extend the application fields of polymeric membranes in biomedical fields. 25375347 6 87 theme thromboplastin 1702:1715 arg1 APTT 1723:1726 APTT 1723:1726 APTT 1723:1726 Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) confirmed that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. 25375347 6 87 theme thromboplastin 1702:1715 arg1 time 1717:1720 partial thromboplastin time 1694:1720 partial thromboplastin time (APTT) 1694:1727 Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) confirmed that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. 25375347 7 88 theme surface 2093:2099 arg1 coating 2101:2107 surface coating 2093:2107 surface coating 2093:2107 Meanwhile, after surface coating, endothelial cell viability was also promoted, which indicated that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coating might extend the application fields of polymeric membranes in biomedical fields. 25375347 6 89 dep complex 1800:1806 arg1 indicates 1814:1822 indicates 1814:1822 indicates blood coagulant 1814:1838 Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) confirmed that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. 25375347 4 90 theme contact 997:1003 arg1 angle 1005:1009 water contact angle 991:1009 water contact angle 991:1009 The surface morphology and composition, water contact angle, blood activation, and thrombotic potential as well as cell viability for the coated heparin-mimicking films were systematically investigated. 25375347 2 91 dep polyanions 390:399 arg1 including 402:410 including 402:410 including poly(styrenesulfonate-co-sodium acrylate; Star-PSS-AANa) and poly(styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate; Star-PSS-EGMA) 402:559 Star-shaped heparin-mimicking polyanions (including poly(styrenesulfonate-co-sodium acrylate; Star-PSS-AANa) and poly(styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate; Star-PSS-EGMA)) and polycations (poly(methyl chloride-quaternized 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate; Star-PMeDMA) were first synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) based cores. 25375347 1 92 theme star-shaped 167:177 arg1 films 225:229 multifunctional and heparin-mimicking star-shaped supramolecules-deposited 3D porous multilayer films 129:229 multifunctional and heparin-mimicking star-shaped supramolecules-deposited 3D porous multilayer films with improved biocompatibility 129:260 In this study, multifunctional and heparin-mimicking star-shaped supramolecules-deposited 3D porous multilayer films with improved biocompatibility were fabricated via a layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly method on polymeric membrane substrates. 25375347 6 93 dep indicates 1814:1822 arg1 TAT 1809:1811 TAT 1809:1811 TAT 1809:1811 Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) confirmed that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. 25375347 5 94 theme microscopy 1366:1375 arg1 observations 1383:1394 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations 1314:1394 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations 1314:1394 The results of surface ATR-FTIR spectra and XPS spectra verified successful deposition of the star-shaped supramolecules onto the biomedical membrane surfaces; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations revealed that the modified substrate had 3D porous surface morphology, which might have a great biological influence on the biointerface. 25375347 0 95 theme supramolecules 98:111 arg1 assembly 67:74 LbL assembly 63:74 LbL assembly of cyclodextrin-based supramolecules 63:111 Heparin-mimicking multilayer coating on polymeric membrane via LbL assembly of cyclodextrin-based supramolecules. 25375347 1 96 with films 225:229 arg1 biocompatibility 245:260 improved biocompatibility 236:260 improved biocompatibility 236:260 In this study, multifunctional and heparin-mimicking star-shaped supramolecules-deposited 3D porous multilayer films with improved biocompatibility were fabricated via a layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly method on polymeric membrane substrates. 25375347 1 97 theme 3D 204:205 arg1 films 225:229 multifunctional and heparin-mimicking star-shaped supramolecules-deposited 3D porous multilayer films 129:229 multifunctional and heparin-mimicking star-shaped supramolecules-deposited 3D porous multilayer films with improved biocompatibility 129:260 In this study, multifunctional and heparin-mimicking star-shaped supramolecules-deposited 3D porous multilayer films with improved biocompatibility were fabricated via a layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly method on polymeric membrane substrates. 25375347 4 98 theme cell 1066:1069 arg1 viability 1071:1079 cell viability 1066:1079 cell viability 1066:1079 The surface morphology and composition, water contact angle, blood activation, and thrombotic potential as well as cell viability for the coated heparin-mimicking films were systematically investigated. 25375347 6 99 theme component 2021:2029 arg1 activations 2031:2041 ultralow blood component activations 2006:2041 ultralow blood component activations 2006:2041 Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) confirmed that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. 25375347 6 100 from systematic 1547:1556 arg1 investigation 1567:1579 vitro investigation 1561:1579 vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) 1561:1929 Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) confirmed that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. 25375347 5 101 theme star-shaped 1248:1258 arg1 supramolecules 1260:1273 the star-shaped supramolecules 1244:1273 the star-shaped supramolecules 1244:1273 The results of surface ATR-FTIR spectra and XPS spectra verified successful deposition of the star-shaped supramolecules onto the biomedical membrane surfaces; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations revealed that the modified substrate had 3D porous surface morphology, which might have a great biological influence on the biointerface. 25375347 2 102 dep acrylate 444:451 arg1 Star-PSS-AANa 454:466 Star-PSS-AANa 454:466 styrenesulfonate-co-sodium acrylate; Star-PSS-AANa 417:466 Star-shaped heparin-mimicking polyanions (including poly(styrenesulfonate-co-sodium acrylate; Star-PSS-AANa) and poly(styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate; Star-PSS-EGMA)) and polycations (poly(methyl chloride-quaternized 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate; Star-PMeDMA) were first synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) based cores. 25375347 5 103 theme porous 1440:1445 arg1 morphology 1455:1464 3D porous surface morphology 1437:1464 3D porous surface morphology 1437:1464 The results of surface ATR-FTIR spectra and XPS spectra verified successful deposition of the star-shaped supramolecules onto the biomedical membrane surfaces; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations revealed that the modified substrate had 3D porous surface morphology, which might have a great biological influence on the biointerface. 25375347 5 104 theme spectra 1202:1208 arg1 results 1158:1164 The results 1154:1164 The results of surface ATR-FTIR spectra and XPS spectra 1154:1208 The results of surface ATR-FTIR spectra and XPS spectra verified successful deposition of the star-shaped supramolecules onto the biomedical membrane surfaces; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations revealed that the modified substrate had 3D porous surface morphology, which might have a great biological influence on the biointerface. 25375347 6 105 theme thrombin 1730:1737 arg1 time 1739:1742 thrombin time 1730:1742 thrombin time (TT) 1730:1747 Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) confirmed that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. 25375347 6 105 theme thrombin 1730:1737 arg1 TT 1745:1746 TT 1745:1746 TT 1745:1746 Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) confirmed that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. 25375347 2 106 theme methyl 584:589 arg1 methacrylate 635:646 methyl chloride-quaternized 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate 584:646 methyl chloride-quaternized 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate; Star-PMeDMA 584:659 Star-shaped heparin-mimicking polyanions (including poly(styrenesulfonate-co-sodium acrylate; Star-PSS-AANa) and poly(styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate; Star-PSS-EGMA)) and polycations (poly(methyl chloride-quaternized 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate; Star-PMeDMA) were first synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) based cores. 25375347 2 107 theme based 759:763 arg1 cores 765:769 β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) based cores 737:769 β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) based cores 737:769 Star-shaped heparin-mimicking polyanions (including poly(styrenesulfonate-co-sodium acrylate; Star-PSS-AANa) and poly(styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate; Star-PSS-EGMA)) and polycations (poly(methyl chloride-quaternized 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate; Star-PMeDMA) were first synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) based cores. 25375347 6 108 theme vitro 1561:1565 arg1 investigation 1567:1579 vitro investigation 1561:1579 vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) 1561:1929 Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) confirmed that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. 25375347 5 109 theme successful 1219:1228 arg1 deposition 1230:1239 successful deposition 1219:1239 successful deposition of the star-shaped supramolecules onto the biomedical membrane surfaces 1219:1311 The results of surface ATR-FTIR spectra and XPS spectra verified successful deposition of the star-shaped supramolecules onto the biomedical membrane surfaces; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations revealed that the modified substrate had 3D porous surface morphology, which might have a great biological influence on the biointerface. 25375347 5 110 theme modified 1414:1421 arg1 substrate 1423:1431 the modified substrate 1410:1431 the modified substrate 1410:1431 The results of surface ATR-FTIR spectra and XPS spectra verified successful deposition of the star-shaped supramolecules onto the biomedical membrane surfaces; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations revealed that the modified substrate had 3D porous surface morphology, which might have a great biological influence on the biointerface. 25375347 1 111 theme membrane 339:346 arg1 substrates 348:357 polymeric membrane substrates 329:357 polymeric membrane substrates 329:357 In this study, multifunctional and heparin-mimicking star-shaped supramolecules-deposited 3D porous multilayer films with improved biocompatibility were fabricated via a layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly method on polymeric membrane substrates. 25375347 2 112 theme methyl 519:524 arg1 methacrylate 532:543 styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate 478:543 styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate; Star-PSS-EGMA 478:558 Star-shaped heparin-mimicking polyanions (including poly(styrenesulfonate-co-sodium acrylate; Star-PSS-AANa) and poly(styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate; Star-PSS-EGMA)) and polycations (poly(methyl chloride-quaternized 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate; Star-PMeDMA) were first synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) based cores. 25375347 2 113 theme glycol 512:517 arg1 methacrylate 532:543 styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate 478:543 styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate; Star-PSS-EGMA 478:558 Star-shaped heparin-mimicking polyanions (including poly(styrenesulfonate-co-sodium acrylate; Star-PSS-AANa) and poly(styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate; Star-PSS-EGMA)) and polycations (poly(methyl chloride-quaternized 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate; Star-PMeDMA) were first synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) based cores. 25375347 5 114 theme scanning 1314:1321 arg1 SEM 1344:1346 SEM 1344:1346 SEM 1344:1346 The results of surface ATR-FTIR spectra and XPS spectra verified successful deposition of the star-shaped supramolecules onto the biomedical membrane surfaces; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations revealed that the modified substrate had 3D porous surface morphology, which might have a great biological influence on the biointerface. 25375347 5 114 theme scanning 1314:1321 arg1 microscopy 1332:1341 scanning electron microscopy 1314:1341 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 1314:1347 The results of surface ATR-FTIR spectra and XPS spectra verified successful deposition of the star-shaped supramolecules onto the biomedical membrane surfaces; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations revealed that the modified substrate had 3D porous surface morphology, which might have a great biological influence on the biointerface. 25375347 7 115 theme polymeric 2257:2265 arg1 membranes 2267:2275 polymeric membranes 2257:2275 polymeric membranes 2257:2275 Meanwhile, after surface coating, endothelial cell viability was also promoted, which indicated that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coating might extend the application fields of polymeric membranes in biomedical fields. 25375347 6 116 theme complement 1861:1870 arg1 activation 1872:1881 blood-related complement activation 1847:1881 blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) 1847:1929 Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) confirmed that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. 25375347 5 117 theme great 1486:1490 arg1 influence 1503:1511 a great biological influence 1484:1511 a great biological influence 1484:1511 The results of surface ATR-FTIR spectra and XPS spectra verified successful deposition of the star-shaped supramolecules onto the biomedical membrane surfaces; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations revealed that the modified substrate had 3D porous surface morphology, which might have a great biological influence on the biointerface. 25375347 0 118 theme LbL 63:65 arg1 assembly 67:74 LbL assembly 63:74 LbL assembly of cyclodextrin-based supramolecules 63:111 Heparin-mimicking multilayer coating on polymeric membrane via LbL assembly of cyclodextrin-based supramolecules. 25375347 6 119 dep investigation 1567:1579 arg1 activate 1685:1692 activate 1685:1692 activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) 1685:1929 Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) confirmed that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. 25375347 4 120 theme coated 1089:1094 arg1 films 1114:1118 the coated heparin-mimicking films 1085:1118 the coated heparin-mimicking films 1085:1118 The surface morphology and composition, water contact angle, blood activation, and thrombotic potential as well as cell viability for the coated heparin-mimicking films were systematically investigated. 25375347 5 121 theme biomedical 1284:1293 arg1 surfaces 1304:1311 the biomedical membrane surfaces 1280:1311 the biomedical membrane surfaces 1280:1311 The results of surface ATR-FTIR spectra and XPS spectra verified successful deposition of the star-shaped supramolecules onto the biomedical membrane surfaces; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations revealed that the modified substrate had 3D porous surface morphology, which might have a great biological influence on the biointerface. 25375347 6 122 dep activation 1872:1881 arg1 indicates 1897:1905 indicates 1897:1905 indicates inflammation potential 1897:1928 Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) confirmed that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. 25375347 6 123 theme platelet 1604:1611 arg1 adsorption 1592:1601 protein adsorption 1584:1601 protein adsorption 1584:1601 Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) confirmed that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. 25375347 6 123 theme platelet 1604:1611 arg1 adhesion 1613:1620 platelet adhesion 1604:1620 platelet adhesion 1604:1620 Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) confirmed that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. 25375347 5 124 contain have 1479:1482 arg2 influence 1503:1511 a great biological influence 1484:1511 a great biological influence 1484:1511 The results of surface ATR-FTIR spectra and XPS spectra verified successful deposition of the star-shaped supramolecules onto the biomedical membrane surfaces; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations revealed that the modified substrate had 3D porous surface morphology, which might have a great biological influence on the biointerface. 25375347 5 124 contain have 1479:1482 arg1 morphology 1455:1464 3D porous surface morphology 1437:1464 3D porous surface morphology 1437:1464 The results of surface ATR-FTIR spectra and XPS spectra verified successful deposition of the star-shaped supramolecules onto the biomedical membrane surfaces; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations revealed that the modified substrate had 3D porous surface morphology, which might have a great biological influence on the biointerface. 25375347 6 125 theme adsorption 1592:1601 arg1 investigation 1567:1579 vitro investigation 1561:1579 vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) 1561:1929 Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) confirmed that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. 25375347 5 126 theme force 1360:1364 arg1 AFM 1378:1380 AFM 1378:1380 AFM 1378:1380 The results of surface ATR-FTIR spectra and XPS spectra verified successful deposition of the star-shaped supramolecules onto the biomedical membrane surfaces; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations revealed that the modified substrate had 3D porous surface morphology, which might have a great biological influence on the biointerface. 25375347 5 126 theme force 1360:1364 arg1 microscopy 1366:1375 atomic force microscopy 1353:1375 atomic force microscopy (AFM) 1353:1381 The results of surface ATR-FTIR spectra and XPS spectra verified successful deposition of the star-shaped supramolecules onto the biomedical membrane surfaces; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations revealed that the modified substrate had 3D porous surface morphology, which might have a great biological influence on the biointerface. 28668447 7 0 theme dextran-40 1517:1526 arg1 compounds 1528:1536 Me2SO and dextran-40 compounds 1507:1536 Me2SO and dextran-40 compounds 1507:1536 From our data, we conclude that although there were no significant differences in efficiency of tested cryoprotective media compositions, the combination of Me2SO and dextran-40 compounds was the most suitable for long-term storage both thymic cell suspensions and thymic fragments based on the viability of CD326+ epithelial cells and stromal-epithelial cell monolayer formation. 28668447 6 1 theme thymus-deficient 1292:1307 arg1 patients 1309:1316 the thymus-deficient patients 1288:1316 the thymus-deficient patients with congenital heart diseases 1288:1347 Thus, this work builds the platform for autologous clinical intervention into the thymus-deficient patients with congenital heart diseases. 28668447 3 2 theme tissue 501:506 arg1 cryopreservation 508:523 thymic tissue cryopreservation 494:523 thymic tissue cryopreservation 494:523 However, specific investigation into the optimum parameters for thymic tissue cryopreservation have not been conducted. 28668447 7 3 dep was 1538:1540 arg1 formation 1720:1728 the most suitable for long-term storage both thymic cell suspensions and thymic fragments based on the viability of CD326+ epithelial cells and stromal-epithelial cell monolayer formation 1542:1728 the most suitable for long-term storage both thymic cell suspensions and thymic fragments based on the viability of CD326+ epithelial cells and stromal-epithelial cell monolayer formation 1542:1728 From our data, we conclude that although there were no significant differences in efficiency of tested cryoprotective media compositions, the combination of Me2SO and dextran-40 compounds was the most suitable for long-term storage both thymic cell suspensions and thymic fragments based on the viability of CD326+ epithelial cells and stromal-epithelial cell monolayer formation. 28668447 7 4 theme Me2SO 1507:1511 arg1 compounds 1528:1536 Me2SO and dextran-40 compounds 1507:1536 Me2SO and dextran-40 compounds 1507:1536 From our data, we conclude that although there were no significant differences in efficiency of tested cryoprotective media compositions, the combination of Me2SO and dextran-40 compounds was the most suitable for long-term storage both thymic cell suspensions and thymic fragments based on the viability of CD326+ epithelial cells and stromal-epithelial cell monolayer formation. 28668447 7 5 theme cryoprotective 1453:1466 arg1 compositions 1474:1485 tested cryoprotective media compositions 1446:1485 tested cryoprotective media compositions 1446:1485 From our data, we conclude that although there were no significant differences in efficiency of tested cryoprotective media compositions, the combination of Me2SO and dextran-40 compounds was the most suitable for long-term storage both thymic cell suspensions and thymic fragments based on the viability of CD326+ epithelial cells and stromal-epithelial cell monolayer formation. 28668447 6 6 theme clinical 1261:1268 arg1 intervention 1270:1281 autologous clinical intervention 1250:1281 autologous clinical intervention into the thymus-deficient patients with congenital heart diseases 1250:1347 Thus, this work builds the platform for autologous clinical intervention into the thymus-deficient patients with congenital heart diseases. 28668447 1 7 theme lymphocyte 160:169 arg1 generation 171:180 T lymphocyte generation 158:180 T lymphocyte generation 158:180 The thymus is the major site of T lymphocyte generation and so is critical for a functional adaptive immune system. 28668447 4 8 theme optimal 846:852 arg1 medium 869:874 an optimal cryoprotective medium 843:874 an optimal cryoprotective medium suitable for long-term storage of thymic tissue and a stromal-epithelial enriched population 843:967 In this research, we evaluated the effect of different cryoprotective media compositions, which included penetrating (Me2SO, glycerol) and non-penetrating (dextran-40, sucrose, hydroxyethyl starch) components, on the viability and functionality of frozen-thawed human thymic samples to select an optimal cryoprotective medium suitable for long-term storage of thymic tissue and a stromal-epithelial enriched population. 28668447 2 9 theme surgery 287:293 arg1 thymectomy 249:258 thymectomy 249:258 thymectomy 249:258 Since, thymectomy is a component of neonatal surgery for congenital heart diseases, it provides great potential for collection and storage of thymic tissue for autologous transplantation. 28668447 2 9 theme surgery 287:293 arg1 component 265:273 a component 263:273 a component of neonatal surgery for congenital heart diseases 263:323 Since, thymectomy is a component of neonatal surgery for congenital heart diseases, it provides great potential for collection and storage of thymic tissue for autologous transplantation. 28668447 4 10 dep viability 767:775 arg1 the 763:765 the 763:765 the 763:765 In this research, we evaluated the effect of different cryoprotective media compositions, which included penetrating (Me2SO, glycerol) and non-penetrating (dextran-40, sucrose, hydroxyethyl starch) components, on the viability and functionality of frozen-thawed human thymic samples to select an optimal cryoprotective medium suitable for long-term storage of thymic tissue and a stromal-epithelial enriched population. 28668447 7 11 theme significant 1405:1415 arg1 differences 1417:1427 no significant differences 1402:1427 no significant differences in efficiency of tested cryoprotective media compositions 1402:1485 From our data, we conclude that although there were no significant differences in efficiency of tested cryoprotective media compositions, the combination of Me2SO and dextran-40 compounds was the most suitable for long-term storage both thymic cell suspensions and thymic fragments based on the viability of CD326+ epithelial cells and stromal-epithelial cell monolayer formation. 28668447 7 12 theme epithelial 1665:1674 arg1 cells 1676:1680 CD326+ epithelial cells 1658:1680 CD326+ epithelial cells 1658:1680 From our data, we conclude that although there were no significant differences in efficiency of tested cryoprotective media compositions, the combination of Me2SO and dextran-40 compounds was the most suitable for long-term storage both thymic cell suspensions and thymic fragments based on the viability of CD326+ epithelial cells and stromal-epithelial cell monolayer formation. 28668447 4 13 theme stromal-epithelial 930:947 arg1 population 958:967 a stromal-epithelial enriched population 928:967 a stromal-epithelial enriched population 928:967 In this research, we evaluated the effect of different cryoprotective media compositions, which included penetrating (Me2SO, glycerol) and non-penetrating (dextran-40, sucrose, hydroxyethyl starch) components, on the viability and functionality of frozen-thawed human thymic samples to select an optimal cryoprotective medium suitable for long-term storage of thymic tissue and a stromal-epithelial enriched population. 28668447 6 14 theme heart 1334:1338 arg1 diseases 1340:1347 congenital heart diseases 1323:1347 congenital heart diseases 1323:1347 Thus, this work builds the platform for autologous clinical intervention into the thymus-deficient patients with congenital heart diseases. 28668447 4 15 theme thymic 910:915 arg1 tissue 917:922 thymic tissue 910:922 thymic tissue 910:922 In this research, we evaluated the effect of different cryoprotective media compositions, which included penetrating (Me2SO, glycerol) and non-penetrating (dextran-40, sucrose, hydroxyethyl starch) components, on the viability and functionality of frozen-thawed human thymic samples to select an optimal cryoprotective medium suitable for long-term storage of thymic tissue and a stromal-epithelial enriched population. 28668447 5 16 theme tissue 1066:1071 arg1 samples 1073:1079 thymic tissue samples 1059:1079 thymic tissue samples from newborns and infants with congenital heart diseases, who had undergone thymectomy as a part of standard surgical procedure 1059:1207 Our primary focus was on receiving, low-temperature storage, culturing and evaluation of thymic tissue samples from newborns and infants with congenital heart diseases, who had undergone thymectomy as a part of standard surgical procedure. 28668447 1 17 theme major 144:148 arg1 thymus 130:135 The thymus 126:135 The thymus 126:135 The thymus is the major site of T lymphocyte generation and so is critical for a functional adaptive immune system. 28668447 1 17 theme major 144:148 arg1 critical 192:199 critical 192:199 critical 192:199 The thymus is the major site of T lymphocyte generation and so is critical for a functional adaptive immune system. 28668447 1 17 theme major 144:148 arg1 generation 171:180 T lymphocyte generation 158:180 T lymphocyte generation 158:180 The thymus is the major site of T lymphocyte generation and so is critical for a functional adaptive immune system. 28668447 1 17 theme major 144:148 arg1 site 150:153 the major site 140:153 the major site of T lymphocyte generation 140:180 The thymus is the major site of T lymphocyte generation and so is critical for a functional adaptive immune system. 28668447 7 18 theme thymic 1615:1620 arg1 fragments 1622:1630 thymic fragments 1615:1630 thymic fragments 1615:1630 From our data, we conclude that although there were no significant differences in efficiency of tested cryoprotective media compositions, the combination of Me2SO and dextran-40 compounds was the most suitable for long-term storage both thymic cell suspensions and thymic fragments based on the viability of CD326+ epithelial cells and stromal-epithelial cell monolayer formation. 28668447 4 19 theme non-penetrating 689:703 arg1 components 748:757 penetrating (Me2SO, glycerol) and non-penetrating (dextran-40, sucrose, hydroxyethyl starch) components 655:757 penetrating (Me2SO, glycerol) and non-penetrating (dextran-40, sucrose, hydroxyethyl starch) components 655:757 In this research, we evaluated the effect of different cryoprotective media compositions, which included penetrating (Me2SO, glycerol) and non-penetrating (dextran-40, sucrose, hydroxyethyl starch) components, on the viability and functionality of frozen-thawed human thymic samples to select an optimal cryoprotective medium suitable for long-term storage of thymic tissue and a stromal-epithelial enriched population. 28668447 0 20 theme cells 84:88 arg1 viability 30:38 viability 30:38 viability 30:38 Effect of cryopreservation on viability and growth efficiency of stromal-epithelial cells derived from neonatal human thymus. 28668447 0 20 theme cells 84:88 arg1 efficiency 51:60 growth efficiency 44:60 growth efficiency 44:60 Effect of cryopreservation on viability and growth efficiency of stromal-epithelial cells derived from neonatal human thymus. 28668447 0 21 from Effect 0:5 arg1 viability 30:38 viability 30:38 viability 30:38 Effect of cryopreservation on viability and growth efficiency of stromal-epithelial cells derived from neonatal human thymus. 28668447 0 21 from Effect 0:5 arg1 efficiency 51:60 growth efficiency 44:60 growth efficiency 44:60 Effect of cryopreservation on viability and growth efficiency of stromal-epithelial cells derived from neonatal human thymus. 28668447 5 22 from infants 1099:1105 arg1 samples 1073:1079 thymic tissue samples 1059:1079 thymic tissue samples from newborns and infants with congenital heart diseases, who had undergone thymectomy as a part of standard surgical procedure 1059:1207 Our primary focus was on receiving, low-temperature storage, culturing and evaluation of thymic tissue samples from newborns and infants with congenital heart diseases, who had undergone thymectomy as a part of standard surgical procedure. 28668447 7 23 theme thymic 1587:1592 arg1 suspensions 1599:1609 thymic cell suspensions 1587:1609 thymic cell suspensions 1587:1609 From our data, we conclude that although there were no significant differences in efficiency of tested cryoprotective media compositions, the combination of Me2SO and dextran-40 compounds was the most suitable for long-term storage both thymic cell suspensions and thymic fragments based on the viability of CD326+ epithelial cells and stromal-epithelial cell monolayer formation. 28668447 0 24 theme human 112:116 arg1 thymus 118:123 neonatal human thymus 103:123 neonatal human thymus 103:123 Effect of cryopreservation on viability and growth efficiency of stromal-epithelial cells derived from neonatal human thymus. 28668447 5 25 theme heart 1123:1127 arg1 diseases 1129:1136 congenital heart diseases 1112:1136 congenital heart diseases 1112:1136 Our primary focus was on receiving, low-temperature storage, culturing and evaluation of thymic tissue samples from newborns and infants with congenital heart diseases, who had undergone thymectomy as a part of standard surgical procedure. 28668447 4 26 theme hydroxyethyl 727:738 arg1 starch 740:745 hydroxyethyl starch 727:745 hydroxyethyl starch 727:745 In this research, we evaluated the effect of different cryoprotective media compositions, which included penetrating (Me2SO, glycerol) and non-penetrating (dextran-40, sucrose, hydroxyethyl starch) components, on the viability and functionality of frozen-thawed human thymic samples to select an optimal cryoprotective medium suitable for long-term storage of thymic tissue and a stromal-epithelial enriched population. 28668447 4 26 theme hydroxyethyl 727:738 arg1 dextran-40 706:715 dextran-40 706:715 dextran-40 706:715 In this research, we evaluated the effect of different cryoprotective media compositions, which included penetrating (Me2SO, glycerol) and non-penetrating (dextran-40, sucrose, hydroxyethyl starch) components, on the viability and functionality of frozen-thawed human thymic samples to select an optimal cryoprotective medium suitable for long-term storage of thymic tissue and a stromal-epithelial enriched population. 28668447 7 27 theme monolayer 1710:1718 arg1 formation 1720:1728 the most suitable for long-term storage both thymic cell suspensions and thymic fragments based on the viability of CD326+ epithelial cells and stromal-epithelial cell monolayer formation 1542:1728 the most suitable for long-term storage both thymic cell suspensions and thymic fragments based on the viability of CD326+ epithelial cells and stromal-epithelial cell monolayer formation 1542:1728 From our data, we conclude that although there were no significant differences in efficiency of tested cryoprotective media compositions, the combination of Me2SO and dextran-40 compounds was the most suitable for long-term storage both thymic cell suspensions and thymic fragments based on the viability of CD326+ epithelial cells and stromal-epithelial cell monolayer formation. 28668447 5 28 with infants 1099:1105 arg1 diseases 1129:1136 congenital heart diseases 1112:1136 congenital heart diseases 1112:1136 Our primary focus was on receiving, low-temperature storage, culturing and evaluation of thymic tissue samples from newborns and infants with congenital heart diseases, who had undergone thymectomy as a part of standard surgical procedure. 28668447 0 29 theme cryopreservation 10:25 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of cryopreservation on viability and growth efficiency of stromal-epithelial cells 0:88 Effect of cryopreservation on viability and growth efficiency of stromal-epithelial cells derived from neonatal human thymus. 28668447 5 30 theme surgical 1190:1197 arg1 procedure 1199:1207 standard surgical procedure 1181:1207 standard surgical procedure 1181:1207 Our primary focus was on receiving, low-temperature storage, culturing and evaluation of thymic tissue samples from newborns and infants with congenital heart diseases, who had undergone thymectomy as a part of standard surgical procedure. 28668447 7 31 theme long-term 1564:1572 arg1 storage 1574:1580 long-term storage 1564:1580 long-term storage 1564:1580 From our data, we conclude that although there were no significant differences in efficiency of tested cryoprotective media compositions, the combination of Me2SO and dextran-40 compounds was the most suitable for long-term storage both thymic cell suspensions and thymic fragments based on the viability of CD326+ epithelial cells and stromal-epithelial cell monolayer formation. 28668447 7 32 theme stromal-epithelial 1686:1703 arg1 formation 1720:1728 the most suitable for long-term storage both thymic cell suspensions and thymic fragments based on the viability of CD326+ epithelial cells and stromal-epithelial cell monolayer formation 1542:1728 the most suitable for long-term storage both thymic cell suspensions and thymic fragments based on the viability of CD326+ epithelial cells and stromal-epithelial cell monolayer formation 1542:1728 From our data, we conclude that although there were no significant differences in efficiency of tested cryoprotective media compositions, the combination of Me2SO and dextran-40 compounds was the most suitable for long-term storage both thymic cell suspensions and thymic fragments based on the viability of CD326+ epithelial cells and stromal-epithelial cell monolayer formation. 28668447 4 33 theme human 812:816 arg1 samples 825:831 frozen-thawed human thymic samples 798:831 frozen-thawed human thymic samples 798:831 In this research, we evaluated the effect of different cryoprotective media compositions, which included penetrating (Me2SO, glycerol) and non-penetrating (dextran-40, sucrose, hydroxyethyl starch) components, on the viability and functionality of frozen-thawed human thymic samples to select an optimal cryoprotective medium suitable for long-term storage of thymic tissue and a stromal-epithelial enriched population. 28668447 5 34 with newborns 1086:1093 arg1 diseases 1129:1136 congenital heart diseases 1112:1136 congenital heart diseases 1112:1136 Our primary focus was on receiving, low-temperature storage, culturing and evaluation of thymic tissue samples from newborns and infants with congenital heart diseases, who had undergone thymectomy as a part of standard surgical procedure. 28668447 2 35 theme thymic 384:389 arg1 tissue 391:396 thymic tissue 384:396 thymic tissue 384:396 Since, thymectomy is a component of neonatal surgery for congenital heart diseases, it provides great potential for collection and storage of thymic tissue for autologous transplantation. 28668447 7 36 theme suitable 1551:1558 arg1 formation 1720:1728 the most suitable for long-term storage both thymic cell suspensions and thymic fragments based on the viability of CD326+ epithelial cells and stromal-epithelial cell monolayer formation 1542:1728 the most suitable for long-term storage both thymic cell suspensions and thymic fragments based on the viability of CD326+ epithelial cells and stromal-epithelial cell monolayer formation 1542:1728 From our data, we conclude that although there were no significant differences in efficiency of tested cryoprotective media compositions, the combination of Me2SO and dextran-40 compounds was the most suitable for long-term storage both thymic cell suspensions and thymic fragments based on the viability of CD326+ epithelial cells and stromal-epithelial cell monolayer formation. 28668447 4 37 theme samples 825:831 arg1 functionality 781:793 functionality 781:793 functionality 781:793 In this research, we evaluated the effect of different cryoprotective media compositions, which included penetrating (Me2SO, glycerol) and non-penetrating (dextran-40, sucrose, hydroxyethyl starch) components, on the viability and functionality of frozen-thawed human thymic samples to select an optimal cryoprotective medium suitable for long-term storage of thymic tissue and a stromal-epithelial enriched population. 28668447 4 37 theme samples 825:831 arg1 viability 767:775 viability 767:775 viability 767:775 In this research, we evaluated the effect of different cryoprotective media compositions, which included penetrating (Me2SO, glycerol) and non-penetrating (dextran-40, sucrose, hydroxyethyl starch) components, on the viability and functionality of frozen-thawed human thymic samples to select an optimal cryoprotective medium suitable for long-term storage of thymic tissue and a stromal-epithelial enriched population. 28668447 0 38 theme growth 44:49 arg1 efficiency 51:60 growth efficiency 44:60 growth efficiency 44:60 Effect of cryopreservation on viability and growth efficiency of stromal-epithelial cells derived from neonatal human thymus. 28668447 4 39 theme frozen-thawed 798:810 arg1 samples 825:831 frozen-thawed human thymic samples 798:831 frozen-thawed human thymic samples 798:831 In this research, we evaluated the effect of different cryoprotective media compositions, which included penetrating (Me2SO, glycerol) and non-penetrating (dextran-40, sucrose, hydroxyethyl starch) components, on the viability and functionality of frozen-thawed human thymic samples to select an optimal cryoprotective medium suitable for long-term storage of thymic tissue and a stromal-epithelial enriched population. 28668447 2 40 theme heart 310:314 arg1 diseases 316:323 congenital heart diseases 299:323 congenital heart diseases 299:323 Since, thymectomy is a component of neonatal surgery for congenital heart diseases, it provides great potential for collection and storage of thymic tissue for autologous transplantation. 28668447 7 41 theme compounds 1528:1536 arg1 combination 1492:1502 the combination 1488:1502 the combination of Me2SO and dextran-40 compounds 1488:1536 From our data, we conclude that although there were no significant differences in efficiency of tested cryoprotective media compositions, the combination of Me2SO and dextran-40 compounds was the most suitable for long-term storage both thymic cell suspensions and thymic fragments based on the viability of CD326+ epithelial cells and stromal-epithelial cell monolayer formation. 28668447 3 42 theme specific 439:446 arg1 investigation 448:460 specific investigation 439:460 specific investigation into the optimum parameters for thymic tissue cryopreservation 439:523 However, specific investigation into the optimum parameters for thymic tissue cryopreservation have not been conducted. 28668447 1 43 theme adaptive 218:225 arg1 system 234:239 a functional adaptive immune system 205:239 a functional adaptive immune system 205:239 The thymus is the major site of T lymphocyte generation and so is critical for a functional adaptive immune system. 28668447 4 44 dep penetrating 655:665 arg1 glycerol 675:682 glycerol 675:682 glycerol 675:682 In this research, we evaluated the effect of different cryoprotective media compositions, which included penetrating (Me2SO, glycerol) and non-penetrating (dextran-40, sucrose, hydroxyethyl starch) components, on the viability and functionality of frozen-thawed human thymic samples to select an optimal cryoprotective medium suitable for long-term storage of thymic tissue and a stromal-epithelial enriched population. 28668447 4 44 dep penetrating 655:665 arg1 Me2SO 668:672 Me2SO 668:672 Me2SO 668:672 In this research, we evaluated the effect of different cryoprotective media compositions, which included penetrating (Me2SO, glycerol) and non-penetrating (dextran-40, sucrose, hydroxyethyl starch) components, on the viability and functionality of frozen-thawed human thymic samples to select an optimal cryoprotective medium suitable for long-term storage of thymic tissue and a stromal-epithelial enriched population. 28668447 4 45 theme cryoprotective 605:618 arg1 compositions 626:637 different cryoprotective media compositions 595:637 different cryoprotective media compositions 595:637 In this research, we evaluated the effect of different cryoprotective media compositions, which included penetrating (Me2SO, glycerol) and non-penetrating (dextran-40, sucrose, hydroxyethyl starch) components, on the viability and functionality of frozen-thawed human thymic samples to select an optimal cryoprotective medium suitable for long-term storage of thymic tissue and a stromal-epithelial enriched population. 28668447 3 46 theme thymic 494:499 arg1 cryopreservation 508:523 thymic tissue cryopreservation 494:523 thymic tissue cryopreservation 494:523 However, specific investigation into the optimum parameters for thymic tissue cryopreservation have not been conducted. 28668447 4 47 theme cryoprotective 854:867 arg1 medium 869:874 an optimal cryoprotective medium 843:874 an optimal cryoprotective medium suitable for long-term storage of thymic tissue and a stromal-epithelial enriched population 843:967 In this research, we evaluated the effect of different cryoprotective media compositions, which included penetrating (Me2SO, glycerol) and non-penetrating (dextran-40, sucrose, hydroxyethyl starch) components, on the viability and functionality of frozen-thawed human thymic samples to select an optimal cryoprotective medium suitable for long-term storage of thymic tissue and a stromal-epithelial enriched population. 28668447 4 48 theme suitable 876:883 arg1 medium 869:874 an optimal cryoprotective medium 843:874 an optimal cryoprotective medium suitable for long-term storage of thymic tissue and a stromal-epithelial enriched population 843:967 In this research, we evaluated the effect of different cryoprotective media compositions, which included penetrating (Me2SO, glycerol) and non-penetrating (dextran-40, sucrose, hydroxyethyl starch) components, on the viability and functionality of frozen-thawed human thymic samples to select an optimal cryoprotective medium suitable for long-term storage of thymic tissue and a stromal-epithelial enriched population. 28668447 7 49 theme media 1468:1472 arg1 compositions 1474:1485 tested cryoprotective media compositions 1446:1485 tested cryoprotective media compositions 1446:1485 From our data, we conclude that although there were no significant differences in efficiency of tested cryoprotective media compositions, the combination of Me2SO and dextran-40 compounds was the most suitable for long-term storage both thymic cell suspensions and thymic fragments based on the viability of CD326+ epithelial cells and stromal-epithelial cell monolayer formation. 28668447 1 50 theme T 158:158 arg1 generation 171:180 T lymphocyte generation 158:180 T lymphocyte generation 158:180 The thymus is the major site of T lymphocyte generation and so is critical for a functional adaptive immune system. 28668447 7 51 theme compositions 1474:1485 arg1 efficiency 1432:1441 efficiency 1432:1441 efficiency of tested cryoprotective media compositions 1432:1485 From our data, we conclude that although there were no significant differences in efficiency of tested cryoprotective media compositions, the combination of Me2SO and dextran-40 compounds was the most suitable for long-term storage both thymic cell suspensions and thymic fragments based on the viability of CD326+ epithelial cells and stromal-epithelial cell monolayer formation. 28668447 7 52 theme tested 1446:1451 arg1 compositions 1474:1485 tested cryoprotective media compositions 1446:1485 tested cryoprotective media compositions 1446:1485 From our data, we conclude that although there were no significant differences in efficiency of tested cryoprotective media compositions, the combination of Me2SO and dextran-40 compounds was the most suitable for long-term storage both thymic cell suspensions and thymic fragments based on the viability of CD326+ epithelial cells and stromal-epithelial cell monolayer formation. 28668447 4 53 theme penetrating 655:665 arg1 components 748:757 penetrating (Me2SO, glycerol) and non-penetrating (dextran-40, sucrose, hydroxyethyl starch) components 655:757 penetrating (Me2SO, glycerol) and non-penetrating (dextran-40, sucrose, hydroxyethyl starch) components 655:757 In this research, we evaluated the effect of different cryoprotective media compositions, which included penetrating (Me2SO, glycerol) and non-penetrating (dextran-40, sucrose, hydroxyethyl starch) components, on the viability and functionality of frozen-thawed human thymic samples to select an optimal cryoprotective medium suitable for long-term storage of thymic tissue and a stromal-epithelial enriched population. 28668447 6 54 theme autologous 1250:1259 arg1 intervention 1270:1281 autologous clinical intervention 1250:1281 autologous clinical intervention into the thymus-deficient patients with congenital heart diseases 1250:1347 Thus, this work builds the platform for autologous clinical intervention into the thymus-deficient patients with congenital heart diseases. 28668447 1 55 theme generation 171:180 arg1 thymus 130:135 The thymus 126:135 The thymus 126:135 The thymus is the major site of T lymphocyte generation and so is critical for a functional adaptive immune system. 28668447 1 55 theme generation 171:180 arg1 critical 192:199 critical 192:199 critical 192:199 The thymus is the major site of T lymphocyte generation and so is critical for a functional adaptive immune system. 28668447 1 55 theme generation 171:180 arg1 generation 171:180 T lymphocyte generation 158:180 T lymphocyte generation 158:180 The thymus is the major site of T lymphocyte generation and so is critical for a functional adaptive immune system. 28668447 1 55 theme generation 171:180 arg1 site 150:153 the major site 140:153 the major site of T lymphocyte generation 140:180 The thymus is the major site of T lymphocyte generation and so is critical for a functional adaptive immune system. 28668447 7 56 theme cells 1676:1680 arg1 viability 1645:1653 the viability 1641:1653 the viability of CD326+ epithelial cells 1641:1680 From our data, we conclude that although there were no significant differences in efficiency of tested cryoprotective media compositions, the combination of Me2SO and dextran-40 compounds was the most suitable for long-term storage both thymic cell suspensions and thymic fragments based on the viability of CD326+ epithelial cells and stromal-epithelial cell monolayer formation. 28668447 2 57 theme neonatal 278:285 arg1 surgery 287:293 neonatal surgery 278:293 neonatal surgery for congenital heart diseases 278:323 Since, thymectomy is a component of neonatal surgery for congenital heart diseases, it provides great potential for collection and storage of thymic tissue for autologous transplantation. 28668447 7 58 theme CD326+ 1658:1663 arg1 cells 1676:1680 CD326+ epithelial cells 1658:1680 CD326+ epithelial cells 1658:1680 From our data, we conclude that although there were no significant differences in efficiency of tested cryoprotective media compositions, the combination of Me2SO and dextran-40 compounds was the most suitable for long-term storage both thymic cell suspensions and thymic fragments based on the viability of CD326+ epithelial cells and stromal-epithelial cell monolayer formation. 28668447 4 59 theme tissue 917:922 arg1 storage 899:905 long-term storage 889:905 long-term storage of thymic tissue 889:922 In this research, we evaluated the effect of different cryoprotective media compositions, which included penetrating (Me2SO, glycerol) and non-penetrating (dextran-40, sucrose, hydroxyethyl starch) components, on the viability and functionality of frozen-thawed human thymic samples to select an optimal cryoprotective medium suitable for long-term storage of thymic tissue and a stromal-epithelial enriched population. 28668447 4 59 theme tissue 917:922 arg1 population 958:967 a stromal-epithelial enriched population 928:967 a stromal-epithelial enriched population 928:967 In this research, we evaluated the effect of different cryoprotective media compositions, which included penetrating (Me2SO, glycerol) and non-penetrating (dextran-40, sucrose, hydroxyethyl starch) components, on the viability and functionality of frozen-thawed human thymic samples to select an optimal cryoprotective medium suitable for long-term storage of thymic tissue and a stromal-epithelial enriched population. 28668447 4 60 theme compositions 626:637 arg1 effect 585:590 the effect 581:590 the effect of different cryoprotective media compositions, which included penetrating (Me2SO, glycerol) and non-penetrating (dextran-40, sucrose, hydroxyethyl starch) components, on the viability and functionality of frozen-thawed human thymic samples 581:831 In this research, we evaluated the effect of different cryoprotective media compositions, which included penetrating (Me2SO, glycerol) and non-penetrating (dextran-40, sucrose, hydroxyethyl starch) components, on the viability and functionality of frozen-thawed human thymic samples to select an optimal cryoprotective medium suitable for long-term storage of thymic tissue and a stromal-epithelial enriched population. 28668447 4 61 from effect 585:590 arg1 functionality 781:793 functionality 781:793 functionality 781:793 In this research, we evaluated the effect of different cryoprotective media compositions, which included penetrating (Me2SO, glycerol) and non-penetrating (dextran-40, sucrose, hydroxyethyl starch) components, on the viability and functionality of frozen-thawed human thymic samples to select an optimal cryoprotective medium suitable for long-term storage of thymic tissue and a stromal-epithelial enriched population. 28668447 4 61 from effect 585:590 arg1 viability 767:775 viability 767:775 viability 767:775 In this research, we evaluated the effect of different cryoprotective media compositions, which included penetrating (Me2SO, glycerol) and non-penetrating (dextran-40, sucrose, hydroxyethyl starch) components, on the viability and functionality of frozen-thawed human thymic samples to select an optimal cryoprotective medium suitable for long-term storage of thymic tissue and a stromal-epithelial enriched population. 28668447 4 62 theme long-term 889:897 arg1 storage 899:905 long-term storage 889:905 long-term storage of thymic tissue 889:922 In this research, we evaluated the effect of different cryoprotective media compositions, which included penetrating (Me2SO, glycerol) and non-penetrating (dextran-40, sucrose, hydroxyethyl starch) components, on the viability and functionality of frozen-thawed human thymic samples to select an optimal cryoprotective medium suitable for long-term storage of thymic tissue and a stromal-epithelial enriched population. 28668447 6 63 theme congenital 1323:1332 arg1 diseases 1340:1347 congenital heart diseases 1323:1347 congenital heart diseases 1323:1347 Thus, this work builds the platform for autologous clinical intervention into the thymus-deficient patients with congenital heart diseases. 28668447 5 64 theme thymic 1059:1064 arg1 samples 1073:1079 thymic tissue samples 1059:1079 thymic tissue samples from newborns and infants with congenital heart diseases, who had undergone thymectomy as a part of standard surgical procedure 1059:1207 Our primary focus was on receiving, low-temperature storage, culturing and evaluation of thymic tissue samples from newborns and infants with congenital heart diseases, who had undergone thymectomy as a part of standard surgical procedure. 28668447 7 65 from differences 1417:1427 arg1 efficiency 1432:1441 efficiency 1432:1441 efficiency of tested cryoprotective media compositions 1432:1485 From our data, we conclude that although there were no significant differences in efficiency of tested cryoprotective media compositions, the combination of Me2SO and dextran-40 compounds was the most suitable for long-term storage both thymic cell suspensions and thymic fragments based on the viability of CD326+ epithelial cells and stromal-epithelial cell monolayer formation. 28668447 5 66 theme primary 974:980 arg1 focus 982:986 Our primary focus 970:986 Our primary focus 970:986 Our primary focus was on receiving, low-temperature storage, culturing and evaluation of thymic tissue samples from newborns and infants with congenital heart diseases, who had undergone thymectomy as a part of standard surgical procedure. 28668447 0 67 theme stromal-epithelial 65:82 arg1 cells 84:88 stromal-epithelial cells 65:88 stromal-epithelial cells 65:88 Effect of cryopreservation on viability and growth efficiency of stromal-epithelial cells derived from neonatal human thymus. 28668447 7 68 theme cell 1594:1597 arg1 suspensions 1599:1609 thymic cell suspensions 1587:1609 thymic cell suspensions 1587:1609 From our data, we conclude that although there were no significant differences in efficiency of tested cryoprotective media compositions, the combination of Me2SO and dextran-40 compounds was the most suitable for long-term storage both thymic cell suspensions and thymic fragments based on the viability of CD326+ epithelial cells and stromal-epithelial cell monolayer formation. 28668447 0 69 theme neonatal 103:110 arg1 thymus 118:123 neonatal human thymus 103:123 neonatal human thymus 103:123 Effect of cryopreservation on viability and growth efficiency of stromal-epithelial cells derived from neonatal human thymus. 28668447 4 70 dep non-penetrating 689:703 arg1 starch 740:745 hydroxyethyl starch 727:745 hydroxyethyl starch 727:745 In this research, we evaluated the effect of different cryoprotective media compositions, which included penetrating (Me2SO, glycerol) and non-penetrating (dextran-40, sucrose, hydroxyethyl starch) components, on the viability and functionality of frozen-thawed human thymic samples to select an optimal cryoprotective medium suitable for long-term storage of thymic tissue and a stromal-epithelial enriched population. 28668447 4 70 dep non-penetrating 689:703 arg1 dextran-40 706:715 dextran-40 706:715 dextran-40 706:715 In this research, we evaluated the effect of different cryoprotective media compositions, which included penetrating (Me2SO, glycerol) and non-penetrating (dextran-40, sucrose, hydroxyethyl starch) components, on the viability and functionality of frozen-thawed human thymic samples to select an optimal cryoprotective medium suitable for long-term storage of thymic tissue and a stromal-epithelial enriched population. 28668447 4 70 dep non-penetrating 689:703 arg1 sucrose 718:724 sucrose 718:724 sucrose 718:724 In this research, we evaluated the effect of different cryoprotective media compositions, which included penetrating (Me2SO, glycerol) and non-penetrating (dextran-40, sucrose, hydroxyethyl starch) components, on the viability and functionality of frozen-thawed human thymic samples to select an optimal cryoprotective medium suitable for long-term storage of thymic tissue and a stromal-epithelial enriched population. 28668447 4 71 theme enriched 949:956 arg1 population 958:967 a stromal-epithelial enriched population 928:967 a stromal-epithelial enriched population 928:967 In this research, we evaluated the effect of different cryoprotective media compositions, which included penetrating (Me2SO, glycerol) and non-penetrating (dextran-40, sucrose, hydroxyethyl starch) components, on the viability and functionality of frozen-thawed human thymic samples to select an optimal cryoprotective medium suitable for long-term storage of thymic tissue and a stromal-epithelial enriched population. 28668447 3 72 theme optimum 471:477 arg1 parameters 479:488 the optimum parameters 467:488 the optimum parameters for thymic tissue cryopreservation 467:523 However, specific investigation into the optimum parameters for thymic tissue cryopreservation have not been conducted. 28668447 5 73 theme congenital 1112:1121 arg1 diseases 1129:1136 congenital heart diseases 1112:1136 congenital heart diseases 1112:1136 Our primary focus was on receiving, low-temperature storage, culturing and evaluation of thymic tissue samples from newborns and infants with congenital heart diseases, who had undergone thymectomy as a part of standard surgical procedure. 28668447 5 74 theme standard 1181:1188 arg1 procedure 1199:1207 standard surgical procedure 1181:1207 standard surgical procedure 1181:1207 Our primary focus was on receiving, low-temperature storage, culturing and evaluation of thymic tissue samples from newborns and infants with congenital heart diseases, who had undergone thymectomy as a part of standard surgical procedure. 28668447 2 75 theme autologous 402:411 arg1 transplantation 413:427 autologous transplantation 402:427 autologous transplantation 402:427 Since, thymectomy is a component of neonatal surgery for congenital heart diseases, it provides great potential for collection and storage of thymic tissue for autologous transplantation. 28668447 2 76 theme tissue 391:396 arg1 storage 373:379 storage 373:379 storage 373:379 Since, thymectomy is a component of neonatal surgery for congenital heart diseases, it provides great potential for collection and storage of thymic tissue for autologous transplantation. 28668447 2 76 theme tissue 391:396 arg1 collection 358:367 collection 358:367 collection 358:367 Since, thymectomy is a component of neonatal surgery for congenital heart diseases, it provides great potential for collection and storage of thymic tissue for autologous transplantation. 28668447 5 77 theme procedure 1199:1207 arg1 thymectomy 1157:1166 thymectomy 1157:1166 thymectomy 1157:1166 Our primary focus was on receiving, low-temperature storage, culturing and evaluation of thymic tissue samples from newborns and infants with congenital heart diseases, who had undergone thymectomy as a part of standard surgical procedure. 28668447 5 77 theme procedure 1199:1207 arg1 part 1173:1176 a part 1171:1176 a part of standard surgical procedure 1171:1207 Our primary focus was on receiving, low-temperature storage, culturing and evaluation of thymic tissue samples from newborns and infants with congenital heart diseases, who had undergone thymectomy as a part of standard surgical procedure. 28668447 7 78 theme cell 1705:1708 arg1 formation 1720:1728 the most suitable for long-term storage both thymic cell suspensions and thymic fragments based on the viability of CD326+ epithelial cells and stromal-epithelial cell monolayer formation 1542:1728 the most suitable for long-term storage both thymic cell suspensions and thymic fragments based on the viability of CD326+ epithelial cells and stromal-epithelial cell monolayer formation 1542:1728 From our data, we conclude that although there were no significant differences in efficiency of tested cryoprotective media compositions, the combination of Me2SO and dextran-40 compounds was the most suitable for long-term storage both thymic cell suspensions and thymic fragments based on the viability of CD326+ epithelial cells and stromal-epithelial cell monolayer formation. 28668447 1 79 dep and 182:184 arg1 so 186:187 so 186:187 so 186:187 The thymus is the major site of T lymphocyte generation and so is critical for a functional adaptive immune system. 28668447 5 80 from newborns 1086:1093 arg1 samples 1073:1079 thymic tissue samples 1059:1079 thymic tissue samples from newborns and infants with congenital heart diseases, who had undergone thymectomy as a part of standard surgical procedure 1059:1207 Our primary focus was on receiving, low-temperature storage, culturing and evaluation of thymic tissue samples from newborns and infants with congenital heart diseases, who had undergone thymectomy as a part of standard surgical procedure. 28668447 4 81 theme thymic 818:823 arg1 samples 825:831 frozen-thawed human thymic samples 798:831 frozen-thawed human thymic samples 798:831 In this research, we evaluated the effect of different cryoprotective media compositions, which included penetrating (Me2SO, glycerol) and non-penetrating (dextran-40, sucrose, hydroxyethyl starch) components, on the viability and functionality of frozen-thawed human thymic samples to select an optimal cryoprotective medium suitable for long-term storage of thymic tissue and a stromal-epithelial enriched population. 28668447 4 82 theme different 595:603 arg1 compositions 626:637 different cryoprotective media compositions 595:637 different cryoprotective media compositions 595:637 In this research, we evaluated the effect of different cryoprotective media compositions, which included penetrating (Me2SO, glycerol) and non-penetrating (dextran-40, sucrose, hydroxyethyl starch) components, on the viability and functionality of frozen-thawed human thymic samples to select an optimal cryoprotective medium suitable for long-term storage of thymic tissue and a stromal-epithelial enriched population. 28668447 2 83 theme congenital 299:308 arg1 diseases 316:323 congenital heart diseases 299:323 congenital heart diseases 299:323 Since, thymectomy is a component of neonatal surgery for congenital heart diseases, it provides great potential for collection and storage of thymic tissue for autologous transplantation. 28668447 6 84 with patients 1309:1316 arg1 diseases 1340:1347 congenital heart diseases 1323:1347 congenital heart diseases 1323:1347 Thus, this work builds the platform for autologous clinical intervention into the thymus-deficient patients with congenital heart diseases. 28668447 1 85 theme functional 207:216 arg1 system 234:239 a functional adaptive immune system 205:239 a functional adaptive immune system 205:239 The thymus is the major site of T lymphocyte generation and so is critical for a functional adaptive immune system. 28668447 5 86 theme low-temperature 1006:1020 arg1 storage 1022:1028 low-temperature storage 1006:1028 low-temperature storage 1006:1028 Our primary focus was on receiving, low-temperature storage, culturing and evaluation of thymic tissue samples from newborns and infants with congenital heart diseases, who had undergone thymectomy as a part of standard surgical procedure. 28668447 4 87 theme media 620:624 arg1 compositions 626:637 different cryoprotective media compositions 595:637 different cryoprotective media compositions 595:637 In this research, we evaluated the effect of different cryoprotective media compositions, which included penetrating (Me2SO, glycerol) and non-penetrating (dextran-40, sucrose, hydroxyethyl starch) components, on the viability and functionality of frozen-thawed human thymic samples to select an optimal cryoprotective medium suitable for long-term storage of thymic tissue and a stromal-epithelial enriched population. 28668447 7 88 dep storage 1574:1580 arg1 both 1582:1585 both 1582:1585 both 1582:1585 From our data, we conclude that although there were no significant differences in efficiency of tested cryoprotective media compositions, the combination of Me2SO and dextran-40 compounds was the most suitable for long-term storage both thymic cell suspensions and thymic fragments based on the viability of CD326+ epithelial cells and stromal-epithelial cell monolayer formation. 28668447 2 89 theme great 338:342 arg1 potential 344:352 great potential 338:352 great potential for collection and storage of thymic tissue for autologous transplantation 338:427 Since, thymectomy is a component of neonatal surgery for congenital heart diseases, it provides great potential for collection and storage of thymic tissue for autologous transplantation. 28668447 1 90 theme immune 227:232 arg1 system 234:239 a functional adaptive immune system 205:239 a functional adaptive immune system 205:239 The thymus is the major site of T lymphocyte generation and so is critical for a functional adaptive immune system. 28012155 2 0 theme marrow 501:506 arg1 BMSCs 523:527 BMSCs 523:527 BMSCs 523:527 Our objective was to evaluate the effect of chitosan-based matrices doping with chitin nano-whiskers (CNW) on adhesion, spreading, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 28012155 2 0 theme marrow 501:506 arg1 cells 516:520 rat bone marrow stromal cells 492:520 rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) 492:528 Our objective was to evaluate the effect of chitosan-based matrices doping with chitin nano-whiskers (CNW) on adhesion, spreading, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 28012155 1 1 theme much 163:166 arg1 attention 168:176 much attention 163:176 much attention 163:176 Chitosan scaffolds have gained much attention in various tissue engineering applications, but the effect of their microstructure on cell-material spatial interactions remains unclear. 28012155 3 2 from behavior 535:542 arg1 films 584:588 chitosan-CNW films 571:588 chitosan-CNW films 571:588 The behavior of BMSCs during culture on chitosan-CNW films was determined by the molecular mass, hydrophobicity, porosity, crosslinking degree, protonation degree and molecular structure of the composite chitosan-CNW films. 28012155 2 3 theme bone 496:499 arg1 BMSCs 523:527 BMSCs 523:527 BMSCs 523:527 Our objective was to evaluate the effect of chitosan-based matrices doping with chitin nano-whiskers (CNW) on adhesion, spreading, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 28012155 2 3 theme bone 496:499 arg1 cells 516:520 rat bone marrow stromal cells 492:520 rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) 492:528 Our objective was to evaluate the effect of chitosan-based matrices doping with chitin nano-whiskers (CNW) on adhesion, spreading, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 28012155 4 4 theme crystalline 861:871 arg1 structure 873:881 a crystalline structure 859:881 a crystalline structure 859:881 The shape, spreading area, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of BMSCs on chitosan matrices with a crystalline structure and high porosity were similar to that observed for BMSCs cultured on polystyrene tissue culture plates. 28012155 2 5 from effect 350:355 arg1 structure 460:468 cytoskeleton structure 447:468 cytoskeleton structure 447:468 Our objective was to evaluate the effect of chitosan-based matrices doping with chitin nano-whiskers (CNW) on adhesion, spreading, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 28012155 2 5 from effect 350:355 arg1 adhesion 426:433 adhesion 426:433 adhesion 426:433 Our objective was to evaluate the effect of chitosan-based matrices doping with chitin nano-whiskers (CNW) on adhesion, spreading, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 28012155 2 5 from effect 350:355 arg1 proliferation 475:487 proliferation 475:487 proliferation of rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) 475:528 Our objective was to evaluate the effect of chitosan-based matrices doping with chitin nano-whiskers (CNW) on adhesion, spreading, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 28012155 2 5 from effect 350:355 arg1 spreading 436:444 spreading 436:444 spreading 436:444 Our objective was to evaluate the effect of chitosan-based matrices doping with chitin nano-whiskers (CNW) on adhesion, spreading, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 28012155 2 6 theme matrices 375:382 arg1 effect 350:355 the effect 346:355 the effect of chitosan-based matrices doping with chitin nano-whiskers (CNW) on adhesion, spreading, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) 346:528 Our objective was to evaluate the effect of chitosan-based matrices doping with chitin nano-whiskers (CNW) on adhesion, spreading, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 28012155 1 7 theme cell-material 264:276 arg1 interactions 286:297 cell-material spatial interactions 264:297 cell-material spatial interactions 264:297 Chitosan scaffolds have gained much attention in various tissue engineering applications, but the effect of their microstructure on cell-material spatial interactions remains unclear. 28012155 0 8 theme bone 105:108 arg1 cells 125:129 rat bone marrow stromal cells 101:129 rat bone marrow stromal cells 101:129 Influence of chitosan-chitin nanofiber composites on cytoskeleton structure and the proliferation of rat bone marrow stromal cells. 28012155 0 9 from Influence 0:8 arg1 proliferation 84:96 the proliferation 80:96 the proliferation of rat bone marrow stromal cells 80:129 Influence of chitosan-chitin nanofiber composites on cytoskeleton structure and the proliferation of rat bone marrow stromal cells. 28012155 0 9 from Influence 0:8 arg1 structure 66:74 cytoskeleton structure 53:74 cytoskeleton structure 53:74 Influence of chitosan-chitin nanofiber composites on cytoskeleton structure and the proliferation of rat bone marrow stromal cells. 28012155 4 10 theme high 887:890 arg1 porosity 892:899 high porosity 887:899 high porosity 887:899 The shape, spreading area, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of BMSCs on chitosan matrices with a crystalline structure and high porosity were similar to that observed for BMSCs cultured on polystyrene tissue culture plates. 28012155 4 11 from area 776:779 arg1 matrices 845:852 chitosan matrices 836:852 chitosan matrices 836:852 The shape, spreading area, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of BMSCs on chitosan matrices with a crystalline structure and high porosity were similar to that observed for BMSCs cultured on polystyrene tissue culture plates. 28012155 4 12 theme spreading 766:774 arg1 area 776:779 spreading area 766:779 spreading area 766:779 The shape, spreading area, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of BMSCs on chitosan matrices with a crystalline structure and high porosity were similar to that observed for BMSCs cultured on polystyrene tissue culture plates. 28012155 5 13 theme polymer 1002:1008 arg1 structure 1010:1018 The amorphous polymer structure 988:1018 The amorphous polymer structure 988:1018 The amorphous polymer structure and high swelling led to a decrease in the spreading area and cell proliferation. 28012155 1 14 theme spatial 278:284 arg1 interactions 286:297 cell-material spatial interactions 264:297 cell-material spatial interactions 264:297 Chitosan scaffolds have gained much attention in various tissue engineering applications, but the effect of their microstructure on cell-material spatial interactions remains unclear. 28012155 0 15 theme rat 101:103 arg1 cells 125:129 rat bone marrow stromal cells 101:129 rat bone marrow stromal cells 101:129 Influence of chitosan-chitin nanofiber composites on cytoskeleton structure and the proliferation of rat bone marrow stromal cells. 28012155 3 16 theme composite 725:733 arg1 films 748:752 the composite chitosan-CNW films 721:752 the composite chitosan-CNW films 721:752 The behavior of BMSCs during culture on chitosan-CNW films was determined by the molecular mass, hydrophobicity, porosity, crosslinking degree, protonation degree and molecular structure of the composite chitosan-CNW films. 28012155 6 17 theme chitosan-CNW 1248:1259 arg1 films 1261:1265 the chitosan-CNW films 1244:1265 the chitosan-CNW films 1244:1265 Thus, we can control the behavior of cells in culture (adhesion, spreading, and proliferation) by changing the physico-chemical properties of the chitosan-CNW films. 28012155 3 18 theme BMSCs 547:551 arg1 behavior 535:542 The behavior 531:542 The behavior of BMSCs during culture on chitosan-CNW films 531:588 The behavior of BMSCs during culture on chitosan-CNW films was determined by the molecular mass, hydrophobicity, porosity, crosslinking degree, protonation degree and molecular structure of the composite chitosan-CNW films. 28012155 0 19 theme stromal 117:123 arg1 cells 125:129 rat bone marrow stromal cells 101:129 rat bone marrow stromal cells 101:129 Influence of chitosan-chitin nanofiber composites on cytoskeleton structure and the proliferation of rat bone marrow stromal cells. 28012155 4 20 dep shape 759:763 arg1 The 755:757 The 755:757 The 755:757 The shape, spreading area, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of BMSCs on chitosan matrices with a crystalline structure and high porosity were similar to that observed for BMSCs cultured on polystyrene tissue culture plates. 28012155 5 21 theme cell 1082:1085 arg1 proliferation 1087:1099 cell proliferation 1082:1099 cell proliferation 1082:1099 The amorphous polymer structure and high swelling led to a decrease in the spreading area and cell proliferation. 28012155 0 22 theme marrow 110:115 arg1 cells 125:129 rat bone marrow stromal cells 101:129 rat bone marrow stromal cells 101:129 Influence of chitosan-chitin nanofiber composites on cytoskeleton structure and the proliferation of rat bone marrow stromal cells. 28012155 4 23 from matrices 845:852 arg1 shape 759:763 shape 759:763 shape 759:763 The shape, spreading area, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of BMSCs on chitosan matrices with a crystalline structure and high porosity were similar to that observed for BMSCs cultured on polystyrene tissue culture plates. 28012155 4 23 from matrices 845:852 arg1 area 776:779 spreading area 766:779 spreading area 766:779 The shape, spreading area, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of BMSCs on chitosan matrices with a crystalline structure and high porosity were similar to that observed for BMSCs cultured on polystyrene tissue culture plates. 28012155 4 23 from matrices 845:852 arg1 structure 795:803 cytoskeleton structure 782:803 cytoskeleton structure 782:803 The shape, spreading area, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of BMSCs on chitosan matrices with a crystalline structure and high porosity were similar to that observed for BMSCs cultured on polystyrene tissue culture plates. 28012155 4 23 from matrices 845:852 arg1 proliferation 810:822 proliferation 810:822 proliferation 810:822 The shape, spreading area, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of BMSCs on chitosan matrices with a crystalline structure and high porosity were similar to that observed for BMSCs cultured on polystyrene tissue culture plates. 28012155 4 24 theme chitosan 836:843 arg1 matrices 845:852 chitosan matrices 836:852 chitosan matrices 836:852 The shape, spreading area, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of BMSCs on chitosan matrices with a crystalline structure and high porosity were similar to that observed for BMSCs cultured on polystyrene tissue culture plates. 28012155 4 25 from shape 759:763 arg1 matrices 845:852 chitosan matrices 836:852 chitosan matrices 836:852 The shape, spreading area, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of BMSCs on chitosan matrices with a crystalline structure and high porosity were similar to that observed for BMSCs cultured on polystyrene tissue culture plates. 28012155 1 26 theme various 181:187 arg1 applications 208:219 various tissue engineering applications 181:219 various tissue engineering applications 181:219 Chitosan scaffolds have gained much attention in various tissue engineering applications, but the effect of their microstructure on cell-material spatial interactions remains unclear. 28012155 5 27 from decrease 1047:1054 arg1 area 1073:1076 spreading area 1063:1076 spreading area 1063:1076 The amorphous polymer structure and high swelling led to a decrease in the spreading area and cell proliferation. 28012155 5 27 from decrease 1047:1054 arg1 proliferation 1087:1099 cell proliferation 1082:1099 cell proliferation 1082:1099 The amorphous polymer structure and high swelling led to a decrease in the spreading area and cell proliferation. 28012155 5 28 dep area 1073:1076 arg1 the 1059:1061 the 1059:1061 the 1059:1061 The amorphous polymer structure and high swelling led to a decrease in the spreading area and cell proliferation. 28012155 1 29 theme tissue 189:194 arg1 applications 208:219 various tissue engineering applications 181:219 various tissue engineering applications 181:219 Chitosan scaffolds have gained much attention in various tissue engineering applications, but the effect of their microstructure on cell-material spatial interactions remains unclear. 28012155 6 30 theme physico-chemical 1213:1228 arg1 properties 1230:1239 the physico-chemical properties 1209:1239 the physico-chemical properties of the chitosan-CNW films 1209:1265 Thus, we can control the behavior of cells in culture (adhesion, spreading, and proliferation) by changing the physico-chemical properties of the chitosan-CNW films. 28012155 3 31 theme chitosan-CNW 571:582 arg1 films 584:588 chitosan-CNW films 571:588 chitosan-CNW films 571:588 The behavior of BMSCs during culture on chitosan-CNW films was determined by the molecular mass, hydrophobicity, porosity, crosslinking degree, protonation degree and molecular structure of the composite chitosan-CNW films. 28012155 1 32 theme engineering 196:206 arg1 applications 208:219 various tissue engineering applications 181:219 various tissue engineering applications 181:219 Chitosan scaffolds have gained much attention in various tissue engineering applications, but the effect of their microstructure on cell-material spatial interactions remains unclear. 28012155 0 33 theme nanofiber 29:37 arg1 composites 39:48 chitosan-chitin nanofiber composites 13:48 chitosan-chitin nanofiber composites 13:48 Influence of chitosan-chitin nanofiber composites on cytoskeleton structure and the proliferation of rat bone marrow stromal cells. 28012155 6 34 from behavior 1127:1134 arg1 culture 1148:1154 culture 1148:1154 culture 1148:1154 Thus, we can control the behavior of cells in culture (adhesion, spreading, and proliferation) by changing the physico-chemical properties of the chitosan-CNW films. 28012155 0 35 theme chitosan-chitin 13:27 arg1 composites 39:48 chitosan-chitin nanofiber composites 13:48 chitosan-chitin nanofiber composites 13:48 Influence of chitosan-chitin nanofiber composites on cytoskeleton structure and the proliferation of rat bone marrow stromal cells. 28012155 3 36 theme films 748:752 arg1 hydrophobicity 628:641 hydrophobicity 628:641 hydrophobicity 628:641 The behavior of BMSCs during culture on chitosan-CNW films was determined by the molecular mass, hydrophobicity, porosity, crosslinking degree, protonation degree and molecular structure of the composite chitosan-CNW films. 28012155 3 36 theme films 748:752 arg1 porosity 644:651 porosity 644:651 porosity 644:651 The behavior of BMSCs during culture on chitosan-CNW films was determined by the molecular mass, hydrophobicity, porosity, crosslinking degree, protonation degree and molecular structure of the composite chitosan-CNW films. 28012155 3 36 theme films 748:752 arg1 degree 687:692 protonation degree 675:692 protonation degree 675:692 The behavior of BMSCs during culture on chitosan-CNW films was determined by the molecular mass, hydrophobicity, porosity, crosslinking degree, protonation degree and molecular structure of the composite chitosan-CNW films. 28012155 3 36 theme films 748:752 arg1 structure 708:716 molecular structure 698:716 molecular structure 698:716 The behavior of BMSCs during culture on chitosan-CNW films was determined by the molecular mass, hydrophobicity, porosity, crosslinking degree, protonation degree and molecular structure of the composite chitosan-CNW films. 28012155 3 36 theme films 748:752 arg1 mass 622:625 the molecular mass 608:625 the molecular mass 608:625 The behavior of BMSCs during culture on chitosan-CNW films was determined by the molecular mass, hydrophobicity, porosity, crosslinking degree, protonation degree and molecular structure of the composite chitosan-CNW films. 28012155 3 36 theme films 748:752 arg1 degree 667:672 crosslinking degree 654:672 crosslinking degree 654:672 The behavior of BMSCs during culture on chitosan-CNW films was determined by the molecular mass, hydrophobicity, porosity, crosslinking degree, protonation degree and molecular structure of the composite chitosan-CNW films. 28012155 0 37 theme cells 125:129 arg1 proliferation 84:96 the proliferation 80:96 the proliferation of rat bone marrow stromal cells 80:129 Influence of chitosan-chitin nanofiber composites on cytoskeleton structure and the proliferation of rat bone marrow stromal cells. 28012155 0 37 theme cells 125:129 arg1 structure 66:74 cytoskeleton structure 53:74 cytoskeleton structure 53:74 Influence of chitosan-chitin nanofiber composites on cytoskeleton structure and the proliferation of rat bone marrow stromal cells. 28012155 5 38 theme spreading 1063:1071 arg1 area 1073:1076 spreading area 1063:1076 spreading area 1063:1076 The amorphous polymer structure and high swelling led to a decrease in the spreading area and cell proliferation. 28012155 6 39 theme cells 1139:1143 arg1 behavior 1127:1134 the behavior 1123:1134 the behavior of cells in culture 1123:1154 Thus, we can control the behavior of cells in culture (adhesion, spreading, and proliferation) by changing the physico-chemical properties of the chitosan-CNW films. 28012155 2 40 theme rat 492:494 arg1 BMSCs 523:527 BMSCs 523:527 BMSCs 523:527 Our objective was to evaluate the effect of chitosan-based matrices doping with chitin nano-whiskers (CNW) on adhesion, spreading, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 28012155 2 40 theme rat 492:494 arg1 cells 516:520 rat bone marrow stromal cells 492:520 rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) 492:528 Our objective was to evaluate the effect of chitosan-based matrices doping with chitin nano-whiskers (CNW) on adhesion, spreading, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 28012155 5 41 theme high 1024:1027 arg1 swelling 1029:1036 high swelling 1024:1036 high swelling 1024:1036 The amorphous polymer structure and high swelling led to a decrease in the spreading area and cell proliferation. 28012155 4 42 with porosity 892:899 arg1 structure 873:881 a crystalline structure 859:881 a crystalline structure 859:881 The shape, spreading area, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of BMSCs on chitosan matrices with a crystalline structure and high porosity were similar to that observed for BMSCs cultured on polystyrene tissue culture plates. 28012155 0 43 theme composites 39:48 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of chitosan-chitin nanofiber composites on cytoskeleton structure and the proliferation of rat bone marrow stromal cells. 0:130 Influence of chitosan-chitin nanofiber composites on cytoskeleton structure and the proliferation of rat bone marrow stromal cells. 28012155 2 44 theme cytoskeleton 447:458 arg1 structure 460:468 cytoskeleton structure 447:468 cytoskeleton structure 447:468 Our objective was to evaluate the effect of chitosan-based matrices doping with chitin nano-whiskers (CNW) on adhesion, spreading, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 28012155 4 45 theme polystyrene 953:963 arg1 plates 980:985 polystyrene tissue culture plates 953:985 polystyrene tissue culture plates 953:985 The shape, spreading area, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of BMSCs on chitosan matrices with a crystalline structure and high porosity were similar to that observed for BMSCs cultured on polystyrene tissue culture plates. 28012155 4 46 theme culture 972:978 arg1 plates 980:985 polystyrene tissue culture plates 953:985 polystyrene tissue culture plates 953:985 The shape, spreading area, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of BMSCs on chitosan matrices with a crystalline structure and high porosity were similar to that observed for BMSCs cultured on polystyrene tissue culture plates. 28012155 4 47 from BMSCs 827:831 arg1 matrices 845:852 chitosan matrices 836:852 chitosan matrices 836:852 The shape, spreading area, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of BMSCs on chitosan matrices with a crystalline structure and high porosity were similar to that observed for BMSCs cultured on polystyrene tissue culture plates. 28012155 2 48 theme chitosan-based 360:373 arg1 matrices 375:382 chitosan-based matrices 360:382 chitosan-based matrices doping with chitin nano-whiskers (CNW) 360:421 Our objective was to evaluate the effect of chitosan-based matrices doping with chitin nano-whiskers (CNW) on adhesion, spreading, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 28012155 0 49 theme cytoskeleton 53:64 arg1 structure 66:74 cytoskeleton structure 53:74 cytoskeleton structure 53:74 Influence of chitosan-chitin nanofiber composites on cytoskeleton structure and the proliferation of rat bone marrow stromal cells. 28012155 4 50 theme porosity 892:899 arg1 shape 759:763 shape 759:763 shape 759:763 The shape, spreading area, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of BMSCs on chitosan matrices with a crystalline structure and high porosity were similar to that observed for BMSCs cultured on polystyrene tissue culture plates. 28012155 4 50 theme porosity 892:899 arg1 area 776:779 spreading area 766:779 spreading area 766:779 The shape, spreading area, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of BMSCs on chitosan matrices with a crystalline structure and high porosity were similar to that observed for BMSCs cultured on polystyrene tissue culture plates. 28012155 4 50 theme porosity 892:899 arg1 structure 795:803 cytoskeleton structure 782:803 cytoskeleton structure 782:803 The shape, spreading area, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of BMSCs on chitosan matrices with a crystalline structure and high porosity were similar to that observed for BMSCs cultured on polystyrene tissue culture plates. 28012155 4 50 theme porosity 892:899 arg1 proliferation 810:822 proliferation 810:822 proliferation 810:822 The shape, spreading area, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of BMSCs on chitosan matrices with a crystalline structure and high porosity were similar to that observed for BMSCs cultured on polystyrene tissue culture plates. 28012155 4 51 theme BMSCs 827:831 arg1 shape 759:763 shape 759:763 shape 759:763 The shape, spreading area, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of BMSCs on chitosan matrices with a crystalline structure and high porosity were similar to that observed for BMSCs cultured on polystyrene tissue culture plates. 28012155 4 51 theme BMSCs 827:831 arg1 area 776:779 spreading area 766:779 spreading area 766:779 The shape, spreading area, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of BMSCs on chitosan matrices with a crystalline structure and high porosity were similar to that observed for BMSCs cultured on polystyrene tissue culture plates. 28012155 4 51 theme BMSCs 827:831 arg1 structure 795:803 cytoskeleton structure 782:803 cytoskeleton structure 782:803 The shape, spreading area, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of BMSCs on chitosan matrices with a crystalline structure and high porosity were similar to that observed for BMSCs cultured on polystyrene tissue culture plates. 28012155 4 51 theme BMSCs 827:831 arg1 proliferation 810:822 proliferation 810:822 proliferation 810:822 The shape, spreading area, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of BMSCs on chitosan matrices with a crystalline structure and high porosity were similar to that observed for BMSCs cultured on polystyrene tissue culture plates. 28012155 6 52 theme films 1261:1265 arg1 properties 1230:1239 the physico-chemical properties 1209:1239 the physico-chemical properties of the chitosan-CNW films 1209:1265 Thus, we can control the behavior of cells in culture (adhesion, spreading, and proliferation) by changing the physico-chemical properties of the chitosan-CNW films. 28012155 4 53 theme tissue 965:970 arg1 plates 980:985 polystyrene tissue culture plates 953:985 polystyrene tissue culture plates 953:985 The shape, spreading area, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of BMSCs on chitosan matrices with a crystalline structure and high porosity were similar to that observed for BMSCs cultured on polystyrene tissue culture plates. 28012155 6 54 dep control 1115:1121 arg1 spreading 1167:1175 spreading 1167:1175 spreading 1167:1175 Thus, we can control the behavior of cells in culture (adhesion, spreading, and proliferation) by changing the physico-chemical properties of the chitosan-CNW films. 28012155 6 54 dep control 1115:1121 arg1 proliferation 1182:1194 proliferation 1182:1194 proliferation 1182:1194 Thus, we can control the behavior of cells in culture (adhesion, spreading, and proliferation) by changing the physico-chemical properties of the chitosan-CNW films. 28012155 6 54 dep control 1115:1121 arg1 adhesion 1157:1164 adhesion 1157:1164 adhesion 1157:1164 Thus, we can control the behavior of cells in culture (adhesion, spreading, and proliferation) by changing the physico-chemical properties of the chitosan-CNW films. 28012155 1 55 from effect 230:235 arg1 interactions 286:297 cell-material spatial interactions 264:297 cell-material spatial interactions 264:297 Chitosan scaffolds have gained much attention in various tissue engineering applications, but the effect of their microstructure on cell-material spatial interactions remains unclear. 28012155 3 56 theme protonation 675:685 arg1 degree 687:692 protonation degree 675:692 protonation degree 675:692 The behavior of BMSCs during culture on chitosan-CNW films was determined by the molecular mass, hydrophobicity, porosity, crosslinking degree, protonation degree and molecular structure of the composite chitosan-CNW films. 28012155 5 57 theme amorphous 992:1000 arg1 structure 1010:1018 The amorphous polymer structure 988:1018 The amorphous polymer structure 988:1018 The amorphous polymer structure and high swelling led to a decrease in the spreading area and cell proliferation. 28012155 4 58 from proliferation 810:822 arg1 matrices 845:852 chitosan matrices 836:852 chitosan matrices 836:852 The shape, spreading area, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of BMSCs on chitosan matrices with a crystalline structure and high porosity were similar to that observed for BMSCs cultured on polystyrene tissue culture plates. 28012155 1 59 theme Chitosan 132:139 arg1 scaffolds 141:149 Chitosan scaffolds 132:149 Chitosan scaffolds 132:149 Chitosan scaffolds have gained much attention in various tissue engineering applications, but the effect of their microstructure on cell-material spatial interactions remains unclear. 28012155 3 60 theme crosslinking 654:665 arg1 degree 667:672 crosslinking degree 654:672 crosslinking degree 654:672 The behavior of BMSCs during culture on chitosan-CNW films was determined by the molecular mass, hydrophobicity, porosity, crosslinking degree, protonation degree and molecular structure of the composite chitosan-CNW films. 28012155 4 61 theme cytoskeleton 782:793 arg1 structure 795:803 cytoskeleton structure 782:803 cytoskeleton structure 782:803 The shape, spreading area, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of BMSCs on chitosan matrices with a crystalline structure and high porosity were similar to that observed for BMSCs cultured on polystyrene tissue culture plates. 28012155 4 62 with BMSCs 827:831 arg1 structure 873:881 a crystalline structure 859:881 a crystalline structure 859:881 The shape, spreading area, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of BMSCs on chitosan matrices with a crystalline structure and high porosity were similar to that observed for BMSCs cultured on polystyrene tissue culture plates. 28012155 2 63 theme cells 516:520 arg1 structure 460:468 cytoskeleton structure 447:468 cytoskeleton structure 447:468 Our objective was to evaluate the effect of chitosan-based matrices doping with chitin nano-whiskers (CNW) on adhesion, spreading, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 28012155 2 63 theme cells 516:520 arg1 adhesion 426:433 adhesion 426:433 adhesion 426:433 Our objective was to evaluate the effect of chitosan-based matrices doping with chitin nano-whiskers (CNW) on adhesion, spreading, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 28012155 2 63 theme cells 516:520 arg1 spreading 436:444 spreading 436:444 spreading 436:444 Our objective was to evaluate the effect of chitosan-based matrices doping with chitin nano-whiskers (CNW) on adhesion, spreading, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 28012155 2 63 theme cells 516:520 arg1 proliferation 475:487 proliferation 475:487 proliferation of rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) 475:528 Our objective was to evaluate the effect of chitosan-based matrices doping with chitin nano-whiskers (CNW) on adhesion, spreading, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 28012155 4 64 from porosity 892:899 arg1 matrices 845:852 chitosan matrices 836:852 chitosan matrices 836:852 The shape, spreading area, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of BMSCs on chitosan matrices with a crystalline structure and high porosity were similar to that observed for BMSCs cultured on polystyrene tissue culture plates. 28012155 2 65 theme chitin 396:401 arg1 CNW 418:420 CNW 418:420 CNW 418:420 Our objective was to evaluate the effect of chitosan-based matrices doping with chitin nano-whiskers (CNW) on adhesion, spreading, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 28012155 2 65 theme chitin 396:401 arg1 nano-whiskers 403:415 chitin nano-whiskers 396:415 chitin nano-whiskers (CNW) 396:421 Our objective was to evaluate the effect of chitosan-based matrices doping with chitin nano-whiskers (CNW) on adhesion, spreading, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 28012155 2 66 theme stromal 508:514 arg1 BMSCs 523:527 BMSCs 523:527 BMSCs 523:527 Our objective was to evaluate the effect of chitosan-based matrices doping with chitin nano-whiskers (CNW) on adhesion, spreading, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 28012155 2 66 theme stromal 508:514 arg1 cells 516:520 rat bone marrow stromal cells 492:520 rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) 492:528 Our objective was to evaluate the effect of chitosan-based matrices doping with chitin nano-whiskers (CNW) on adhesion, spreading, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 28012155 3 67 theme molecular 698:706 arg1 structure 708:716 molecular structure 698:716 molecular structure 698:716 The behavior of BMSCs during culture on chitosan-CNW films was determined by the molecular mass, hydrophobicity, porosity, crosslinking degree, protonation degree and molecular structure of the composite chitosan-CNW films. 28012155 3 68 theme molecular 612:620 arg1 mass 622:625 the molecular mass 608:625 the molecular mass 608:625 The behavior of BMSCs during culture on chitosan-CNW films was determined by the molecular mass, hydrophobicity, porosity, crosslinking degree, protonation degree and molecular structure of the composite chitosan-CNW films. 28012155 4 69 from structure 795:803 arg1 matrices 845:852 chitosan matrices 836:852 chitosan matrices 836:852 The shape, spreading area, cytoskeleton structure, and proliferation of BMSCs on chitosan matrices with a crystalline structure and high porosity were similar to that observed for BMSCs cultured on polystyrene tissue culture plates. 28012155 1 70 theme microstructure 246:259 arg1 effect 230:235 the effect 226:235 the effect of their microstructure on cell-material spatial interactions 226:297 Chitosan scaffolds have gained much attention in various tissue engineering applications, but the effect of their microstructure on cell-material spatial interactions remains unclear. 25124058 8 0 theme high 1199:1202 arg1 shear 1204:1208 high shear 1199:1208 high shear 1199:1208 Increasing numbers of kneading elements led to high shear and prolonged residence time, which acted to enhance the distribution of liquid and feeding materials. 25124058 6 1 theme granulation 965:975 arg1 process 977:983 the granulation process 961:983 the granulation process 961:983 The experimental observations indicated that the granulation process was not sensitive to the powder feed rate. 25124058 6 1 theme granulation 965:975 arg1 sensitive 993:1001 sensitive 993:1001 sensitive 993:1001 The experimental observations indicated that the granulation process was not sensitive to the powder feed rate. 25124058 5 2 theme granulation 811:821 arg1 behaviour 823:831 granulation behaviour 811:831 granulation behaviour 811:831 The size of the wet granules was measured in order to enable exploration of granulation behaviour in isolation without confounding effects from downstream processes such as drying. 25124058 9 3 theme twin 1379:1382 arg1 granulation 1390:1400 twin screw granulation 1379:1400 twin screw granulation 1379:1400 The bimodal size distributions considered to be characteristic of twin screw granulation were primarily ascribed to the breakage of relatively large granules by the kneading elements. 25124058 9 4 theme size 1325:1328 arg1 distributions 1330:1342 The bimodal size distributions 1313:1342 The bimodal size distributions considered to be characteristic of twin screw granulation 1313:1400 The bimodal size distributions considered to be characteristic of twin screw granulation were primarily ascribed to the breakage of relatively large granules by the kneading elements. 25124058 9 5 theme screw 1384:1388 arg1 granulation 1390:1400 twin screw granulation 1379:1400 twin screw granulation 1379:1400 The bimodal size distributions considered to be characteristic of twin screw granulation were primarily ascribed to the breakage of relatively large granules by the kneading elements. 25124058 5 6 theme wet 751:753 arg1 granules 755:762 the wet granules 747:762 the wet granules 747:762 The size of the wet granules was measured in order to enable exploration of granulation behaviour in isolation without confounding effects from downstream processes such as drying. 25124058 2 7 from quality 367:373 arg1 understanding 253:265 an understanding 250:265 an understanding of the impact of formulation properties such as hydrophobicity on intermediate and finished product quality 250:373 However, an understanding of the impact of formulation properties such as hydrophobicity on intermediate and finished product quality has not yet been established. 25124058 2 8 theme properties 296:305 arg1 impact 274:279 the impact 270:279 the impact of formulation properties such as hydrophobicity on intermediate and finished product quality 270:373 However, an understanding of the impact of formulation properties such as hydrophobicity on intermediate and finished product quality has not yet been established. 25124058 4 9 theme liquid 636:641 arg1 ratio 652:656 liquid to solid ratio 636:656 liquid to solid ratio 636:656 Process conditions including powder feed rate, liquid to solid ratio, granulation liquid composition and screw configuration were also evaluated. 25124058 3 10 theme hydrophobic 523:533 arg1 components 535:544 hydrophobic components 523:544 hydrophobic components 523:544 Hence, the current work investigated the granulation behaviour of three formulations containing increasing amounts of hydrophobic components using a Consigma™-1 twin screw granulator. 25124058 4 11 theme liquid 671:676 arg1 composition 678:688 granulation liquid composition 659:688 granulation liquid composition 659:688 Process conditions including powder feed rate, liquid to solid ratio, granulation liquid composition and screw configuration were also evaluated. 25124058 2 12 theme formulation 284:294 arg1 properties 296:305 formulation properties 284:305 formulation properties such as hydrophobicity 284:328 However, an understanding of the impact of formulation properties such as hydrophobicity on intermediate and finished product quality has not yet been established. 25124058 2 12 theme formulation 284:294 arg1 hydrophobicity 315:328 hydrophobicity 315:328 hydrophobicity 315:328 However, an understanding of the impact of formulation properties such as hydrophobicity on intermediate and finished product quality has not yet been established. 25124058 8 13 theme feeding 1294:1300 arg1 distribution 1267:1278 the distribution 1263:1278 the distribution of liquid and feeding materials 1263:1310 Increasing numbers of kneading elements led to high shear and prolonged residence time, which acted to enhance the distribution of liquid and feeding materials. 25124058 9 14 theme kneading 1478:1485 arg1 elements 1487:1494 the kneading elements 1474:1494 the kneading elements 1474:1494 The bimodal size distributions considered to be characteristic of twin screw granulation were primarily ascribed to the breakage of relatively large granules by the kneading elements. 25124058 9 15 theme bimodal 1317:1323 arg1 distributions 1330:1342 The bimodal size distributions 1313:1342 The bimodal size distributions considered to be characteristic of twin screw granulation 1313:1400 The bimodal size distributions considered to be characteristic of twin screw granulation were primarily ascribed to the breakage of relatively large granules by the kneading elements. 25124058 9 16 theme granules 1462:1469 arg1 breakage 1433:1440 the breakage 1429:1440 the breakage of relatively large granules by the kneading elements 1429:1494 The bimodal size distributions considered to be characteristic of twin screw granulation were primarily ascribed to the breakage of relatively large granules by the kneading elements. 25124058 4 17 theme powder 618:623 arg1 rate 630:633 powder feed rate 618:633 powder feed rate 618:633 Process conditions including powder feed rate, liquid to solid ratio, granulation liquid composition and screw configuration were also evaluated. 25124058 8 18 theme Increasing 1152:1161 arg1 numbers 1163:1169 Increasing numbers 1152:1169 Increasing numbers of kneading elements 1152:1190 Increasing numbers of kneading elements led to high shear and prolonged residence time, which acted to enhance the distribution of liquid and feeding materials. 25124058 2 19 theme intermediate 333:344 arg1 quality 367:373 intermediate and finished product quality 333:373 intermediate and finished product quality 333:373 However, an understanding of the impact of formulation properties such as hydrophobicity on intermediate and finished product quality has not yet been established. 25124058 7 20 theme un-wetted 1131:1139 arg1 particles 1141:1149 un-wetted particles 1131:1149 un-wetted particles 1131:1149 The hydrophobicity led to heterogeneous liquid distribution and hence a relatively large proportion of un-wetted particles. 25124058 8 21 dep liquid 1283:1288 arg1 materials 1302:1310 materials 1302:1310 materials 1302:1310 Increasing numbers of kneading elements led to high shear and prolonged residence time, which acted to enhance the distribution of liquid and feeding materials. 25124058 3 22 theme granulation 446:456 arg1 behaviour 458:466 the granulation behaviour 442:466 the granulation behaviour of three formulations containing increasing amounts of hydrophobic components 442:544 Hence, the current work investigated the granulation behaviour of three formulations containing increasing amounts of hydrophobic components using a Consigma™-1 twin screw granulator. 25124058 0 23 theme hydrophobic 28:38 arg1 formulations 40:51 increasingly hydrophobic formulations 15:51 increasingly hydrophobic formulations 15:51 Granulation of increasingly hydrophobic formulations using a twin screw granulator. 25124058 1 24 theme twin 103:106 arg1 granulation 114:124 twin screw granulation 103:124 twin screw granulation 103:124 The application of twin screw granulation in the pharmaceutical industry has generated increasing interest due to its suitability for continuous processing. 25124058 2 25 from understanding 253:265 arg1 quality 367:373 intermediate and finished product quality 333:373 intermediate and finished product quality 333:373 However, an understanding of the impact of formulation properties such as hydrophobicity on intermediate and finished product quality has not yet been established. 25124058 5 26 theme downstream 879:888 arg1 processes 890:898 downstream processes 879:898 downstream processes such as drying 879:913 The size of the wet granules was measured in order to enable exploration of granulation behaviour in isolation without confounding effects from downstream processes such as drying. 25124058 5 26 theme downstream 879:888 arg1 drying 908:913 drying 908:913 drying 908:913 The size of the wet granules was measured in order to enable exploration of granulation behaviour in isolation without confounding effects from downstream processes such as drying. 25124058 4 27 theme feed 625:628 arg1 rate 630:633 powder feed rate 618:633 powder feed rate 618:633 Process conditions including powder feed rate, liquid to solid ratio, granulation liquid composition and screw configuration were also evaluated. 25124058 3 28 theme screw 571:575 arg1 granulator 577:586 a Consigma™-1 twin screw granulator 552:586 a Consigma™-1 twin screw granulator 552:586 Hence, the current work investigated the granulation behaviour of three formulations containing increasing amounts of hydrophobic components using a Consigma™-1 twin screw granulator. 25124058 1 29 theme screw 108:112 arg1 granulation 114:124 twin screw granulation 103:124 twin screw granulation 103:124 The application of twin screw granulation in the pharmaceutical industry has generated increasing interest due to its suitability for continuous processing. 25124058 2 30 from impact 274:279 arg1 quality 367:373 intermediate and finished product quality 333:373 intermediate and finished product quality 333:373 However, an understanding of the impact of formulation properties such as hydrophobicity on intermediate and finished product quality has not yet been established. 25124058 3 31 theme increasing 501:510 arg1 amounts 512:518 increasing amounts 501:518 increasing amounts of hydrophobic components 501:544 Hence, the current work investigated the granulation behaviour of three formulations containing increasing amounts of hydrophobic components using a Consigma™-1 twin screw granulator. 25124058 3 31 theme increasing 501:510 arg1 components 535:544 hydrophobic components 523:544 hydrophobic components 523:544 Hence, the current work investigated the granulation behaviour of three formulations containing increasing amounts of hydrophobic components using a Consigma™-1 twin screw granulator. 25124058 5 32 theme behaviour 823:831 arg1 exploration 796:806 exploration 796:806 exploration of granulation behaviour 796:831 The size of the wet granules was measured in order to enable exploration of granulation behaviour in isolation without confounding effects from downstream processes such as drying. 25124058 3 33 theme components 535:544 arg1 amounts 512:518 increasing amounts 501:518 increasing amounts of hydrophobic components 501:544 Hence, the current work investigated the granulation behaviour of three formulations containing increasing amounts of hydrophobic components using a Consigma™-1 twin screw granulator. 25124058 3 33 theme components 535:544 arg1 components 535:544 hydrophobic components 523:544 hydrophobic components 523:544 Hence, the current work investigated the granulation behaviour of three formulations containing increasing amounts of hydrophobic components using a Consigma™-1 twin screw granulator. 25124058 5 34 theme granules 755:762 arg1 size 739:742 The size 735:742 The size of the wet granules 735:762 The size of the wet granules was measured in order to enable exploration of granulation behaviour in isolation without confounding effects from downstream processes such as drying. 25124058 4 35 theme screw 694:698 arg1 configuration 700:712 screw configuration 694:712 screw configuration 694:712 Process conditions including powder feed rate, liquid to solid ratio, granulation liquid composition and screw configuration were also evaluated. 25124058 1 36 theme continuous 218:227 arg1 processing 229:238 continuous processing 218:238 continuous processing 218:238 The application of twin screw granulation in the pharmaceutical industry has generated increasing interest due to its suitability for continuous processing. 25124058 0 37 theme formulations 40:51 arg1 Granulation 0:10 Granulation 0:10 Granulation of increasingly hydrophobic formulations 0:51 Granulation of increasingly hydrophobic formulations using a twin screw granulator. 25124058 6 38 theme feed 1017:1020 arg1 rate 1022:1025 the powder feed rate 1006:1025 the powder feed rate 1006:1025 The experimental observations indicated that the granulation process was not sensitive to the powder feed rate. 25124058 7 39 theme particles 1141:1149 arg1 proportion 1117:1126 a relatively large proportion 1098:1126 a relatively large proportion of un-wetted particles 1098:1149 The hydrophobicity led to heterogeneous liquid distribution and hence a relatively large proportion of un-wetted particles. 25124058 7 39 theme particles 1141:1149 arg1 distribution 1075:1086 heterogeneous liquid distribution 1054:1086 heterogeneous liquid distribution 1054:1086 The hydrophobicity led to heterogeneous liquid distribution and hence a relatively large proportion of un-wetted particles. 25124058 8 40 theme residence 1224:1232 arg1 time 1234:1237 residence time 1224:1237 residence time 1224:1237 Increasing numbers of kneading elements led to high shear and prolonged residence time, which acted to enhance the distribution of liquid and feeding materials. 25124058 3 41 theme formulations 477:488 arg1 behaviour 458:466 the granulation behaviour 442:466 the granulation behaviour of three formulations containing increasing amounts of hydrophobic components 442:544 Hence, the current work investigated the granulation behaviour of three formulations containing increasing amounts of hydrophobic components using a Consigma™-1 twin screw granulator. 25124058 0 42 theme twin 61:64 arg1 granulator 72:81 a twin screw granulator 59:81 a twin screw granulator 59:81 Granulation of increasingly hydrophobic formulations using a twin screw granulator. 25124058 6 43 theme powder 1010:1015 arg1 rate 1022:1025 the powder feed rate 1006:1025 the powder feed rate 1006:1025 The experimental observations indicated that the granulation process was not sensitive to the powder feed rate. 25124058 8 44 theme liquid 1283:1288 arg1 distribution 1267:1278 the distribution 1263:1278 the distribution of liquid and feeding materials 1263:1310 Increasing numbers of kneading elements led to high shear and prolonged residence time, which acted to enhance the distribution of liquid and feeding materials. 25124058 3 45 contain containing 490:499 arg1 formulations 477:488 three formulations 471:488 three formulations containing increasing amounts of hydrophobic components 471:544 Hence, the current work investigated the granulation behaviour of three formulations containing increasing amounts of hydrophobic components using a Consigma™-1 twin screw granulator. 25124058 3 45 contain containing 490:499 arg2 components 535:544 hydrophobic components 523:544 hydrophobic components 523:544 Hence, the current work investigated the granulation behaviour of three formulations containing increasing amounts of hydrophobic components using a Consigma™-1 twin screw granulator. 25124058 3 45 contain containing 490:499 arg2 amounts 512:518 increasing amounts 501:518 increasing amounts of hydrophobic components 501:544 Hence, the current work investigated the granulation behaviour of three formulations containing increasing amounts of hydrophobic components using a Consigma™-1 twin screw granulator. 25124058 1 46 theme granulation 114:124 arg1 application 88:98 The application 84:98 The application of twin screw granulation in the pharmaceutical industry 84:155 The application of twin screw granulation in the pharmaceutical industry has generated increasing interest due to its suitability for continuous processing. 25124058 3 47 theme current 416:422 arg1 work 424:427 the current work 412:427 the current work 412:427 Hence, the current work investigated the granulation behaviour of three formulations containing increasing amounts of hydrophobic components using a Consigma™-1 twin screw granulator. 25124058 4 48 theme Process 589:595 arg1 ratio 652:656 liquid to solid ratio 636:656 liquid to solid ratio 636:656 Process conditions including powder feed rate, liquid to solid ratio, granulation liquid composition and screw configuration were also evaluated. 25124058 4 48 theme Process 589:595 arg1 rate 630:633 powder feed rate 618:633 powder feed rate 618:633 Process conditions including powder feed rate, liquid to solid ratio, granulation liquid composition and screw configuration were also evaluated. 25124058 4 48 theme Process 589:595 arg1 configuration 700:712 screw configuration 694:712 screw configuration 694:712 Process conditions including powder feed rate, liquid to solid ratio, granulation liquid composition and screw configuration were also evaluated. 25124058 4 48 theme Process 589:595 arg1 conditions 597:606 Process conditions 589:606 Process conditions including powder feed rate, liquid to solid ratio, granulation liquid composition and screw configuration 589:712 Process conditions including powder feed rate, liquid to solid ratio, granulation liquid composition and screw configuration were also evaluated. 25124058 4 48 theme Process 589:595 arg1 composition 678:688 granulation liquid composition 659:688 granulation liquid composition 659:688 Process conditions including powder feed rate, liquid to solid ratio, granulation liquid composition and screw configuration were also evaluated. 25124058 5 49 from processes 890:898 arg1 effects 866:872 effects 866:872 effects from downstream processes such as drying 866:913 The size of the wet granules was measured in order to enable exploration of granulation behaviour in isolation without confounding effects from downstream processes such as drying. 25124058 2 50 theme product 359:365 arg1 quality 367:373 intermediate and finished product quality 333:373 intermediate and finished product quality 333:373 However, an understanding of the impact of formulation properties such as hydrophobicity on intermediate and finished product quality has not yet been established. 25124058 8 51 theme elements 1183:1190 arg1 numbers 1163:1169 Increasing numbers 1152:1169 Increasing numbers of kneading elements 1152:1190 Increasing numbers of kneading elements led to high shear and prolonged residence time, which acted to enhance the distribution of liquid and feeding materials. 25124058 2 52 theme impact 274:279 arg1 understanding 253:265 an understanding 250:265 an understanding of the impact of formulation properties such as hydrophobicity on intermediate and finished product quality 250:373 However, an understanding of the impact of formulation properties such as hydrophobicity on intermediate and finished product quality has not yet been established. 25124058 2 53 theme finished 350:357 arg1 quality 367:373 intermediate and finished product quality 333:373 intermediate and finished product quality 333:373 However, an understanding of the impact of formulation properties such as hydrophobicity on intermediate and finished product quality has not yet been established. 25124058 7 54 theme large 1111:1115 arg1 proportion 1117:1126 a relatively large proportion 1098:1126 a relatively large proportion of un-wetted particles 1098:1149 The hydrophobicity led to heterogeneous liquid distribution and hence a relatively large proportion of un-wetted particles. 25124058 4 55 dep ratio 652:656 arg1 to 643:644 to 643:644 to 643:644 Process conditions including powder feed rate, liquid to solid ratio, granulation liquid composition and screw configuration were also evaluated. 25124058 7 56 theme heterogeneous 1054:1066 arg1 distribution 1075:1086 heterogeneous liquid distribution 1054:1086 heterogeneous liquid distribution 1054:1086 The hydrophobicity led to heterogeneous liquid distribution and hence a relatively large proportion of un-wetted particles. 25124058 1 57 theme pharmaceutical 133:146 arg1 industry 148:155 the pharmaceutical industry 129:155 the pharmaceutical industry 129:155 The application of twin screw granulation in the pharmaceutical industry has generated increasing interest due to its suitability for continuous processing. 25124058 1 58 from application 88:98 arg1 industry 148:155 the pharmaceutical industry 129:155 the pharmaceutical industry 129:155 The application of twin screw granulation in the pharmaceutical industry has generated increasing interest due to its suitability for continuous processing. 25124058 4 59 theme solid 646:650 arg1 ratio 652:656 liquid to solid ratio 636:656 liquid to solid ratio 636:656 Process conditions including powder feed rate, liquid to solid ratio, granulation liquid composition and screw configuration were also evaluated. 25124058 6 60 theme experimental 920:931 arg1 observations 933:944 The experimental observations 916:944 The experimental observations 916:944 The experimental observations indicated that the granulation process was not sensitive to the powder feed rate. 25124058 7 61 theme liquid 1068:1073 arg1 distribution 1075:1086 heterogeneous liquid distribution 1054:1086 heterogeneous liquid distribution 1054:1086 The hydrophobicity led to heterogeneous liquid distribution and hence a relatively large proportion of un-wetted particles. 25124058 3 62 theme Consigma™-1 554:564 arg1 granulator 577:586 a Consigma™-1 twin screw granulator 552:586 a Consigma™-1 twin screw granulator 552:586 Hence, the current work investigated the granulation behaviour of three formulations containing increasing amounts of hydrophobic components using a Consigma™-1 twin screw granulator. 25124058 4 63 theme granulation 659:669 arg1 composition 678:688 granulation liquid composition 659:688 granulation liquid composition 659:688 Process conditions including powder feed rate, liquid to solid ratio, granulation liquid composition and screw configuration were also evaluated. 25124058 0 64 theme screw 66:70 arg1 granulator 72:81 a twin screw granulator 59:81 a twin screw granulator 59:81 Granulation of increasingly hydrophobic formulations using a twin screw granulator. 25124058 9 65 theme granulation 1390:1400 arg1 characteristic 1361:1374 characteristic 1361:1374 characteristic of twin screw granulation 1361:1400 The bimodal size distributions considered to be characteristic of twin screw granulation were primarily ascribed to the breakage of relatively large granules by the kneading elements. 25124058 3 66 theme twin 566:569 arg1 granulator 577:586 a Consigma™-1 twin screw granulator 552:586 a Consigma™-1 twin screw granulator 552:586 Hence, the current work investigated the granulation behaviour of three formulations containing increasing amounts of hydrophobic components using a Consigma™-1 twin screw granulator. 25124058 8 67 theme kneading 1174:1181 arg1 elements 1183:1190 kneading elements 1174:1190 kneading elements 1174:1190 Increasing numbers of kneading elements led to high shear and prolonged residence time, which acted to enhance the distribution of liquid and feeding materials. 25124058 9 68 theme large 1456:1460 arg1 granules 1462:1469 relatively large granules 1445:1469 relatively large granules 1445:1469 The bimodal size distributions considered to be characteristic of twin screw granulation were primarily ascribed to the breakage of relatively large granules by the kneading elements. 26256359 0 0 theme enhanced 99:106 arg1 property 122:129 enhanced antibacterial property 99:129 enhanced antibacterial property 99:129 Development of silver sulfadiazine loaded bacterial cellulose/sodium alginate composite films with enhanced antibacterial property. 26256359 5 1 from behaviors 570:578 arg1 pH 593:594 different pH 583:594 different pH 583:594 The swelling behaviors in different pH were studied and the results showed pH-responsive swelling behaviors. 26256359 1 2 theme wound 241:245 arg1 dressings 247:255 wound dressings 241:255 wound dressings 241:255 Sodium alginate (SA) and bacterial cellulose (BC) are widely used in many applications such as scaffolds and wound dressings due to its biocompatibility. 26256359 7 3 theme BC/SA-AgSD 834:843 arg1 composites 845:854 BC/SA-AgSD composites 834:854 BC/SA-AgSD composites 834:854 Moreover, the cytotoxicity of BC/SA-AgSD composites was performed on HEK 293 cells. 26256359 3 4 theme TG 472:473 arg1 analyses 475:482 TG analyses 472:482 TG analyses 472:482 In the study, novel BC/SA-AgSD composites were prepared and characterized by SEM, FTIR and TG analyses. 26256359 5 5 theme pH-responsive 632:644 arg1 behaviors 655:663 pH-responsive swelling behaviors 632:663 pH-responsive swelling behaviors 632:663 The swelling behaviors in different pH were studied and the results showed pH-responsive swelling behaviors. 26256359 2 6 theme Silver 286:291 arg1 AgSD 307:310 AgSD 307:310 AgSD 307:310 Silver sulfadiazine (AgSD) is a topical antibacterial agents used as a topical cream on burns. 26256359 2 6 theme Silver 286:291 arg1 agents 340:345 a topical antibacterial agents 316:345 a topical antibacterial agents used as a topical cream on burns 316:378 Silver sulfadiazine (AgSD) is a topical antibacterial agents used as a topical cream on burns. 26256359 2 6 theme Silver 286:291 arg1 sulfadiazine 293:304 Silver sulfadiazine 286:304 Silver sulfadiazine (AgSD) 286:311 Silver sulfadiazine (AgSD) is a topical antibacterial agents used as a topical cream on burns. 26256359 1 7 theme due 257:259 arg1 scaffolds 227:235 scaffolds 227:235 scaffolds 227:235 Sodium alginate (SA) and bacterial cellulose (BC) are widely used in many applications such as scaffolds and wound dressings due to its biocompatibility. 26256359 0 8 theme antibacterial 108:120 arg1 property 122:129 enhanced antibacterial property 99:129 enhanced antibacterial property 99:129 Development of silver sulfadiazine loaded bacterial cellulose/sodium alginate composite films with enhanced antibacterial property. 26256359 5 9 theme swelling 646:653 arg1 behaviors 655:663 pH-responsive swelling behaviors 632:663 pH-responsive swelling behaviors 632:663 The swelling behaviors in different pH were studied and the results showed pH-responsive swelling behaviors. 26256359 5 10 theme different 583:591 arg1 pH 593:594 different pH 583:594 different pH 583:594 The swelling behaviors in different pH were studied and the results showed pH-responsive swelling behaviors. 26256359 6 11 theme composites 711:720 arg1 performances 684:695 The antibacterial performances 666:695 The antibacterial performances of BC/SA-AgSD composites 666:720 The antibacterial performances of BC/SA-AgSD composites were evaluated with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. 26256359 7 12 theme HEK 873:875 arg1 cells 881:885 HEK 293 cells 873:885 HEK 293 cells 873:885 Moreover, the cytotoxicity of BC/SA-AgSD composites was performed on HEK 293 cells. 26256359 6 13 theme BC/SA-AgSD 700:709 arg1 composites 711:720 BC/SA-AgSD composites 700:720 BC/SA-AgSD composites 700:720 The antibacterial performances of BC/SA-AgSD composites were evaluated with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. 26256359 3 14 theme BC/SA-AgSD 401:410 arg1 composites 412:421 novel BC/SA-AgSD composites 395:421 novel BC/SA-AgSD composites 395:421 In the study, novel BC/SA-AgSD composites were prepared and characterized by SEM, FTIR and TG analyses. 26256359 8 15 theme potential 1040:1048 arg1 utility 1029:1035 its utility 1025:1035 its utility 1025:1035 The experimental results showed BC/SA-AgSD composites have excellent antibacterial activities and good biocompatibility, thus confirming its utility as potential wound dressings. 26256359 8 15 theme potential 1040:1048 arg1 dressings 1056:1064 potential wound dressings 1040:1064 potential wound dressings 1040:1064 The experimental results showed BC/SA-AgSD composites have excellent antibacterial activities and good biocompatibility, thus confirming its utility as potential wound dressings. 26256359 8 16 theme experimental 892:903 arg1 results 905:911 The experimental results 888:911 The experimental results 888:911 The experimental results showed BC/SA-AgSD composites have excellent antibacterial activities and good biocompatibility, thus confirming its utility as potential wound dressings. 26256359 8 17 theme BC/SA-AgSD 920:929 arg1 composites 931:940 BC/SA-AgSD composites 920:940 BC/SA-AgSD composites have excellent antibacterial activities 920:980 The experimental results showed BC/SA-AgSD composites have excellent antibacterial activities and good biocompatibility, thus confirming its utility as potential wound dressings. 26256359 6 18 theme Candida 786:792 arg1 albicans 794:801 Candida albicans 786:801 Candida albicans 786:801 The antibacterial performances of BC/SA-AgSD composites were evaluated with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. 26256359 6 19 theme antibacterial 670:682 arg1 performances 684:695 The antibacterial performances 666:695 The antibacterial performances of BC/SA-AgSD composites 666:720 The antibacterial performances of BC/SA-AgSD composites were evaluated with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. 26256359 3 20 theme novel 395:399 arg1 composites 412:421 novel BC/SA-AgSD composites 395:421 novel BC/SA-AgSD composites 395:421 In the study, novel BC/SA-AgSD composites were prepared and characterized by SEM, FTIR and TG analyses. 26256359 0 21 theme sulfadiazine 22:33 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development of silver sulfadiazine 0:33 Development of silver sulfadiazine loaded bacterial cellulose/sodium alginate composite films with enhanced antibacterial property. 26256359 5 22 theme swelling 561:568 arg1 behaviors 570:578 The swelling behaviors 557:578 The swelling behaviors in different pH 557:594 The swelling behaviors in different pH were studied and the results showed pH-responsive swelling behaviors. 26256359 8 23 dep composites 931:940 arg1 have 942:945 have 942:945 have excellent antibacterial activities 942:980 The experimental results showed BC/SA-AgSD composites have excellent antibacterial activities and good biocompatibility, thus confirming its utility as potential wound dressings. 26256359 0 24 theme silver 15:20 arg1 sulfadiazine 22:33 silver sulfadiazine 15:33 silver sulfadiazine 15:33 Development of silver sulfadiazine loaded bacterial cellulose/sodium alginate composite films with enhanced antibacterial property. 26256359 4 25 theme BC/SA 543:547 arg1 matrix 549:554 BC/SA matrix 543:554 BC/SA matrix 543:554 These results indicate AgSD successfully impregnated into BC/SA matrix. 26256359 1 26 theme Sodium 132:137 arg1 SA 149:150 SA 149:150 SA 149:150 Sodium alginate (SA) and bacterial cellulose (BC) are widely used in many applications such as scaffolds and wound dressings due to its biocompatibility. 26256359 1 26 theme Sodium 132:137 arg1 alginate 139:146 Sodium alginate 132:146 Sodium alginate (SA) 132:151 Sodium alginate (SA) and bacterial cellulose (BC) are widely used in many applications such as scaffolds and wound dressings due to its biocompatibility. 26256359 7 27 theme composites 845:854 arg1 cytotoxicity 818:829 the cytotoxicity 814:829 the cytotoxicity of BC/SA-AgSD composites 814:854 Moreover, the cytotoxicity of BC/SA-AgSD composites was performed on HEK 293 cells. 26256359 0 28 theme bacterial 42:50 arg1 films 88:92 bacterial cellulose/sodium alginate composite films 42:92 bacterial cellulose/sodium alginate composite films 42:92 Development of silver sulfadiazine loaded bacterial cellulose/sodium alginate composite films with enhanced antibacterial property. 26256359 2 29 theme topical 357:363 arg1 cream 365:369 a topical cream 355:369 a topical cream on burns 355:378 Silver sulfadiazine (AgSD) is a topical antibacterial agents used as a topical cream on burns. 26256359 1 30 theme many 201:204 arg1 scaffolds 227:235 scaffolds 227:235 scaffolds 227:235 Sodium alginate (SA) and bacterial cellulose (BC) are widely used in many applications such as scaffolds and wound dressings due to its biocompatibility. 26256359 1 30 theme many 201:204 arg1 dressings 247:255 wound dressings 241:255 wound dressings 241:255 Sodium alginate (SA) and bacterial cellulose (BC) are widely used in many applications such as scaffolds and wound dressings due to its biocompatibility. 26256359 1 30 theme many 201:204 arg1 applications 206:217 many applications 201:217 many applications such as scaffolds and wound dressings due to its biocompatibility 201:283 Sodium alginate (SA) and bacterial cellulose (BC) are widely used in many applications such as scaffolds and wound dressings due to its biocompatibility. 26256359 2 31 from cream 365:369 arg1 burns 374:378 burns 374:378 burns 374:378 Silver sulfadiazine (AgSD) is a topical antibacterial agents used as a topical cream on burns. 26256359 0 32 theme alginate 69:76 arg1 films 88:92 bacterial cellulose/sodium alginate composite films 42:92 bacterial cellulose/sodium alginate composite films 42:92 Development of silver sulfadiazine loaded bacterial cellulose/sodium alginate composite films with enhanced antibacterial property. 26256359 2 33 theme antibacterial 326:338 arg1 sulfadiazine 293:304 Silver sulfadiazine 286:304 Silver sulfadiazine (AgSD) 286:311 Silver sulfadiazine (AgSD) is a topical antibacterial agents used as a topical cream on burns. 26256359 2 33 theme antibacterial 326:338 arg1 agents 340:345 a topical antibacterial agents 316:345 a topical antibacterial agents used as a topical cream on burns 316:378 Silver sulfadiazine (AgSD) is a topical antibacterial agents used as a topical cream on burns. 26256359 0 34 theme cellulose/sodium 52:67 arg1 films 88:92 bacterial cellulose/sodium alginate composite films 42:92 bacterial cellulose/sodium alginate composite films 42:92 Development of silver sulfadiazine loaded bacterial cellulose/sodium alginate composite films with enhanced antibacterial property. 26256359 1 35 used used 193:196 arg2 alginate 139:146 Sodium alginate 132:146 Sodium alginate (SA) 132:151 Sodium alginate (SA) and bacterial cellulose (BC) are widely used in many applications such as scaffolds and wound dressings due to its biocompatibility. 26256359 1 35 used used 193:196 arg2 BC 178:179 BC 178:179 BC 178:179 Sodium alginate (SA) and bacterial cellulose (BC) are widely used in many applications such as scaffolds and wound dressings due to its biocompatibility. 26256359 1 35 used used 193:196 arg2 cellulose 167:175 bacterial cellulose 157:175 bacterial cellulose (BC) 157:180 Sodium alginate (SA) and bacterial cellulose (BC) are widely used in many applications such as scaffolds and wound dressings due to its biocompatibility. 26256359 1 35 used used 193:196 arg2 SA 149:150 SA 149:150 SA 149:150 Sodium alginate (SA) and bacterial cellulose (BC) are widely used in many applications such as scaffolds and wound dressings due to its biocompatibility. 26256359 2 36 theme topical 318:324 arg1 sulfadiazine 293:304 Silver sulfadiazine 286:304 Silver sulfadiazine (AgSD) 286:311 Silver sulfadiazine (AgSD) is a topical antibacterial agents used as a topical cream on burns. 26256359 2 36 theme topical 318:324 arg1 agents 340:345 a topical antibacterial agents 316:345 a topical antibacterial agents used as a topical cream on burns 316:378 Silver sulfadiazine (AgSD) is a topical antibacterial agents used as a topical cream on burns. 26256359 8 37 theme wound 1050:1054 arg1 utility 1029:1035 its utility 1025:1035 its utility 1025:1035 The experimental results showed BC/SA-AgSD composites have excellent antibacterial activities and good biocompatibility, thus confirming its utility as potential wound dressings. 26256359 8 37 theme wound 1050:1054 arg1 dressings 1056:1064 potential wound dressings 1040:1064 potential wound dressings 1040:1064 The experimental results showed BC/SA-AgSD composites have excellent antibacterial activities and good biocompatibility, thus confirming its utility as potential wound dressings. 26256359 8 38 theme antibacterial 957:969 arg1 activities 971:980 excellent antibacterial activities 947:980 excellent antibacterial activities 947:980 The experimental results showed BC/SA-AgSD composites have excellent antibacterial activities and good biocompatibility, thus confirming its utility as potential wound dressings. 26256359 8 39 theme excellent 947:955 arg1 activities 971:980 excellent antibacterial activities 947:980 excellent antibacterial activities 947:980 The experimental results showed BC/SA-AgSD composites have excellent antibacterial activities and good biocompatibility, thus confirming its utility as potential wound dressings. 26256359 8 40 theme good 986:989 arg1 biocompatibility 991:1006 good biocompatibility 986:1006 good biocompatibility 986:1006 The experimental results showed BC/SA-AgSD composites have excellent antibacterial activities and good biocompatibility, thus confirming its utility as potential wound dressings. 26256359 0 41 theme composite 78:86 arg1 films 88:92 bacterial cellulose/sodium alginate composite films 42:92 bacterial cellulose/sodium alginate composite films 42:92 Development of silver sulfadiazine loaded bacterial cellulose/sodium alginate composite films with enhanced antibacterial property. 26256359 1 42 theme bacterial 157:165 arg1 BC 178:179 BC 178:179 BC 178:179 Sodium alginate (SA) and bacterial cellulose (BC) are widely used in many applications such as scaffolds and wound dressings due to its biocompatibility. 26256359 1 42 theme bacterial 157:165 arg1 cellulose 167:175 bacterial cellulose 157:175 bacterial cellulose (BC) 157:180 Sodium alginate (SA) and bacterial cellulose (BC) are widely used in many applications such as scaffolds and wound dressings due to its biocompatibility. 27471831 2 0 theme mass 413:416 arg1 spectrometry 418:429 Negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry 380:429 Negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry with collision-induced dissociation (ES-CID-MS/MS) 380:480 Negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry with collision-induced dissociation (ES-CID-MS/MS) is attempted for sequence determination of the sulfated oligosaccharides. 27471831 1 1 theme partial 275:281 arg1 depolymerization 283:298 partial depolymerization 275:298 partial depolymerization using mild acid hydrolysis and purification with gel-permeation chromatography 275:377 Five sulfated oligosaccharide fragments, F1-F5, were prepared from a pyruvylated galactan sulfate from the green alga Codium divaricatum, by partial depolymerization using mild acid hydrolysis and purification with gel-permeation chromatography. 27471831 4 2 theme sulfated 906:913 arg1 oligosaccharides 915:930 other sulfated oligosaccharides 900:930 other sulfated oligosaccharides 900:930 The fragmentation pattern of F1 in the product ion spectra was established on the basis of negative-ion ES-CID MS/MS, which was then applied to sequence analysis of other sulfated oligosaccharides. 27471831 4 3 theme fragmentation 739:751 arg1 pattern 753:759 The fragmentation pattern 735:759 The fragmentation pattern of F1 in the product ion spectra 735:792 The fragmentation pattern of F1 in the product ion spectra was established on the basis of negative-ion ES-CID MS/MS, which was then applied to sequence analysis of other sulfated oligosaccharides. 27471831 7 4 link sulfate-derived 1307:1321 arg1 oligosaccharides 1323:1338 the pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides 1282:1338 the pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides which revealed the patterns of substitution and glycosidic linkages 1282:1406 The investigation demonstrated that negative-ion ES-CID-MS/MS was an efficient method for the sequence analysis of the pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides which revealed the patterns of substitution and glycosidic linkages. 27471831 0 5 link sulfate-derived 46:60 arg1 oligosaccharides 62:77 the pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides 21:77 the pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides 21:77 Sequence analysis of the pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides by negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. 27471831 6 6 theme major 1119:1123 arg1 fragments 1125:1133 major fragments 1119:1133 major fragments 1119:1133 The sequences of major fragments in F4 and F5 were also deduced. 27471831 1 7 theme galactan 215:222 arg1 sulfate 224:230 a pyruvylated galactan sulfate 201:230 a pyruvylated galactan sulfate from the green alga 201:250 Five sulfated oligosaccharide fragments, F1-F5, were prepared from a pyruvylated galactan sulfate from the green alga Codium divaricatum, by partial depolymerization using mild acid hydrolysis and purification with gel-permeation chromatography. 27471831 7 8 theme linkages 1399:1406 arg1 patterns 1359:1366 the patterns 1355:1366 the patterns of substitution and glycosidic linkages 1355:1406 The investigation demonstrated that negative-ion ES-CID-MS/MS was an efficient method for the sequence analysis of the pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides which revealed the patterns of substitution and glycosidic linkages. 27471831 5 9 theme -Galp- 1061:1066 arg1 6SO4 1068:1071 3,4-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)-Galp-(6SO4)-(1 → 3) 1034:1080 3,4-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)-Galp-(6SO4)-(1 → 3) 1034:1080 The sequences of F2 and F3 were deduced to be Galp-(4SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp and 3,4-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)-Galp-(6SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp, respectively. 27471831 3 10 dep detailed 675:682 arg1 spectroscopic 711:723 spectroscopic 711:723 spectroscopic 711:723 The sequence of F1 with homogeneous disaccharide composition was first characterized to be Galp-(4SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp by detailed nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analyses. 27471831 8 11 theme novel 1472:1476 arg1 oligosaccharides 1487:1502 novel sulfated oligosaccharides 1472:1502 novel sulfated oligosaccharides different from other algal polysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides 1472:1569 The pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides were novel sulfated oligosaccharides different from other algal polysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides. 27471831 8 11 theme novel 1472:1476 arg1 oligosaccharides 1450:1465 The pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides 1409:1465 The pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides 1409:1465 The pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides were novel sulfated oligosaccharides different from other algal polysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides. 27471831 3 12 with sequence 560:567 arg1 composition 605:615 homogeneous disaccharide composition 580:615 homogeneous disaccharide composition 580:615 The sequence of F1 with homogeneous disaccharide composition was first characterized to be Galp-(4SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp by detailed nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analyses. 27471831 5 13 theme 6SO4 1068:1071 arg1 sequences 937:945 The sequences 933:945 The sequences of F2 and F3 933:958 The sequences of F2 and F3 were deduced to be Galp-(4SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp and 3,4-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)-Galp-(6SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp, respectively. 27471831 5 13 theme 6SO4 1068:1071 arg1 -Galp 1081:1085 Galp-(4SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp and 3,4-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)-Galp-(6SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp 979:1085 Galp-(4SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp and 3,4-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)-Galp-(6SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp 979:1085 The sequences of F2 and F3 were deduced to be Galp-(4SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp and 3,4-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)-Galp-(6SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp, respectively. 27471831 1 14 theme green 241:245 arg1 alga 247:250 the green alga 237:250 the green alga 237:250 Five sulfated oligosaccharide fragments, F1-F5, were prepared from a pyruvylated galactan sulfate from the green alga Codium divaricatum, by partial depolymerization using mild acid hydrolysis and purification with gel-permeation chromatography. 27471831 5 15 theme 3,4-O- 1034:1039 arg1 6SO4 1068:1071 3,4-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)-Galp-(6SO4)-(1 → 3) 1034:1080 3,4-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)-Galp-(6SO4)-(1 → 3) 1034:1080 The sequences of F2 and F3 were deduced to be Galp-(4SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp and 3,4-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)-Galp-(6SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp, respectively. 27471831 1 16 theme oligosaccharide 148:162 arg1 fragments 164:172 Five sulfated oligosaccharide fragments 134:172 Five sulfated oligosaccharide fragments 134:172 Five sulfated oligosaccharide fragments, F1-F5, were prepared from a pyruvylated galactan sulfate from the green alga Codium divaricatum, by partial depolymerization using mild acid hydrolysis and purification with gel-permeation chromatography. 27471831 1 16 theme oligosaccharide 148:162 arg1 F1-F5 175:179 F1-F5 175:179 F1-F5 175:179 Five sulfated oligosaccharide fragments, F1-F5, were prepared from a pyruvylated galactan sulfate from the green alga Codium divaricatum, by partial depolymerization using mild acid hydrolysis and purification with gel-permeation chromatography. 27471831 5 17 theme 1-carboxyethylidene 1041:1059 arg1 6SO4 1068:1071 3,4-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)-Galp-(6SO4)-(1 → 3) 1034:1080 3,4-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)-Galp-(6SO4)-(1 → 3) 1034:1080 The sequences of F2 and F3 were deduced to be Galp-(4SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp and 3,4-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)-Galp-(6SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp, respectively. 27471831 3 18 theme magnetic 692:699 arg1 resonance 701:709 nuclear magnetic resonance 684:709 nuclear magnetic resonance 684:709 The sequence of F1 with homogeneous disaccharide composition was first characterized to be Galp-(4SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp by detailed nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analyses. 27471831 8 19 theme algal 1525:1529 arg1 oligosaccharides 1554:1569 other algal polysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides 1519:1569 other algal polysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides 1519:1569 The pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides were novel sulfated oligosaccharides different from other algal polysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides. 27471831 3 20 theme detailed 675:682 arg1 analyses 725:732 detailed nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analyses 675:732 detailed nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analyses 675:732 The sequence of F1 with homogeneous disaccharide composition was first characterized to be Galp-(4SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp by detailed nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analyses. 27471831 5 21 theme F3 957:958 arg1 sequences 937:945 The sequences 933:945 The sequences of F2 and F3 933:958 The sequences of F2 and F3 were deduced to be Galp-(4SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp and 3,4-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)-Galp-(6SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp, respectively. 27471831 5 21 theme F3 957:958 arg1 -Galp 1081:1085 Galp-(4SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp and 3,4-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)-Galp-(6SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp 979:1085 Galp-(4SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp and 3,4-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)-Galp-(6SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp 979:1085 The sequences of F2 and F3 were deduced to be Galp-(4SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp and 3,4-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)-Galp-(6SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp, respectively. 27471831 4 22 theme product 774:780 arg1 spectra 786:792 the product ion spectra 770:792 the product ion spectra 770:792 The fragmentation pattern of F1 in the product ion spectra was established on the basis of negative-ion ES-CID MS/MS, which was then applied to sequence analysis of other sulfated oligosaccharides. 27471831 0 23 theme electrospray 95:106 arg1 spectrometry 120:131 negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry 82:131 negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry 82:131 Sequence analysis of the pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides by negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. 27471831 4 24 theme ES-CID 839:844 arg1 MS/MS 846:850 negative-ion ES-CID MS/MS 826:850 negative-ion ES-CID MS/MS 826:850 The fragmentation pattern of F1 in the product ion spectra was established on the basis of negative-ion ES-CID MS/MS, which was then applied to sequence analysis of other sulfated oligosaccharides. 27471831 0 25 theme mass 115:118 arg1 spectrometry 120:131 negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry 82:131 negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry 82:131 Sequence analysis of the pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides by negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. 27471831 7 26 theme oligosaccharides 1323:1338 arg1 analysis 1270:1277 the sequence analysis 1257:1277 the sequence analysis of the pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides which revealed the patterns of substitution and glycosidic linkages 1257:1406 The investigation demonstrated that negative-ion ES-CID-MS/MS was an efficient method for the sequence analysis of the pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides which revealed the patterns of substitution and glycosidic linkages. 27471831 2 27 theme sulfated 529:536 arg1 oligosaccharides 538:553 the sulfated oligosaccharides 525:553 the sulfated oligosaccharides 525:553 Negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry with collision-induced dissociation (ES-CID-MS/MS) is attempted for sequence determination of the sulfated oligosaccharides. 27471831 0 28 theme Sequence 0:7 arg1 analysis 9:16 Sequence analysis 0:16 Sequence analysis of the pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides by negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. 0:132 Sequence analysis of the pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides by negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. 27471831 1 29 theme mild 306:309 arg1 hydrolysis 316:325 mild acid hydrolysis 306:325 mild acid hydrolysis 306:325 Five sulfated oligosaccharide fragments, F1-F5, were prepared from a pyruvylated galactan sulfate from the green alga Codium divaricatum, by partial depolymerization using mild acid hydrolysis and purification with gel-permeation chromatography. 27471831 7 30 theme galactan 1298:1305 arg1 oligosaccharides 1323:1338 the pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides 1282:1338 the pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides which revealed the patterns of substitution and glycosidic linkages 1282:1406 The investigation demonstrated that negative-ion ES-CID-MS/MS was an efficient method for the sequence analysis of the pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides which revealed the patterns of substitution and glycosidic linkages. 27471831 2 31 theme sequence 499:506 arg1 determination 508:520 sequence determination 499:520 sequence determination of the sulfated oligosaccharides 499:553 Negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry with collision-induced dissociation (ES-CID-MS/MS) is attempted for sequence determination of the sulfated oligosaccharides. 27471831 8 32 from oligosaccharides 1554:1569 arg1 different 1504:1512 different 1504:1512 different 1504:1512 The pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides were novel sulfated oligosaccharides different from other algal polysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides. 27471831 4 33 theme sequence 879:886 arg1 analysis 888:895 sequence analysis 879:895 sequence analysis of other sulfated oligosaccharides 879:930 The fragmentation pattern of F1 in the product ion spectra was established on the basis of negative-ion ES-CID MS/MS, which was then applied to sequence analysis of other sulfated oligosaccharides. 27471831 0 34 theme pyruvylated 25:35 arg1 oligosaccharides 62:77 the pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides 21:77 the pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides 21:77 Sequence analysis of the pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides by negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. 27471831 8 35 theme pyruvylated 1413:1423 arg1 oligosaccharides 1487:1502 novel sulfated oligosaccharides 1472:1502 novel sulfated oligosaccharides different from other algal polysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides 1472:1569 The pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides were novel sulfated oligosaccharides different from other algal polysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides. 27471831 8 35 theme pyruvylated 1413:1423 arg1 oligosaccharides 1450:1465 The pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides 1409:1465 The pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides 1409:1465 The pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides were novel sulfated oligosaccharides different from other algal polysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides. 27471831 2 36 theme tandem 406:411 arg1 spectrometry 418:429 Negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry 380:429 Negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry with collision-induced dissociation (ES-CID-MS/MS) 380:480 Negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry with collision-induced dissociation (ES-CID-MS/MS) is attempted for sequence determination of the sulfated oligosaccharides. 27471831 0 37 theme sulfate-derived 46:60 arg1 oligosaccharides 62:77 the pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides 21:77 the pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides 21:77 Sequence analysis of the pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides by negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. 27471831 1 38 theme gel-permeation 349:362 arg1 chromatography 364:377 gel-permeation chromatography 349:377 gel-permeation chromatography 349:377 Five sulfated oligosaccharide fragments, F1-F5, were prepared from a pyruvylated galactan sulfate from the green alga Codium divaricatum, by partial depolymerization using mild acid hydrolysis and purification with gel-permeation chromatography. 27471831 2 39 with spectrometry 418:429 arg1 ES-CID-MS/MS 468:479 ES-CID-MS/MS 468:479 ES-CID-MS/MS 468:479 Negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry with collision-induced dissociation (ES-CID-MS/MS) is attempted for sequence determination of the sulfated oligosaccharides. 27471831 2 39 with spectrometry 418:429 arg1 dissociation 454:465 collision-induced dissociation 436:465 collision-induced dissociation (ES-CID-MS/MS) 436:480 Negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry with collision-induced dissociation (ES-CID-MS/MS) is attempted for sequence determination of the sulfated oligosaccharides. 27471831 8 40 theme sulfate-derived 1434:1448 arg1 oligosaccharides 1487:1502 novel sulfated oligosaccharides 1472:1502 novel sulfated oligosaccharides different from other algal polysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides 1472:1569 The pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides were novel sulfated oligosaccharides different from other algal polysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides. 27471831 8 40 theme sulfate-derived 1434:1448 arg1 oligosaccharides 1450:1465 The pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides 1409:1465 The pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides 1409:1465 The pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides were novel sulfated oligosaccharides different from other algal polysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides. 27471831 2 41 theme Negative-ion 380:391 arg1 spectrometry 418:429 Negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry 380:429 Negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry with collision-induced dissociation (ES-CID-MS/MS) 380:480 Negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry with collision-induced dissociation (ES-CID-MS/MS) is attempted for sequence determination of the sulfated oligosaccharides. 27471831 2 42 theme collision-induced 436:452 arg1 ES-CID-MS/MS 468:479 ES-CID-MS/MS 468:479 ES-CID-MS/MS 468:479 Negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry with collision-induced dissociation (ES-CID-MS/MS) is attempted for sequence determination of the sulfated oligosaccharides. 27471831 2 42 theme collision-induced 436:452 arg1 dissociation 454:465 collision-induced dissociation 436:465 collision-induced dissociation (ES-CID-MS/MS) 436:480 Negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry with collision-induced dissociation (ES-CID-MS/MS) is attempted for sequence determination of the sulfated oligosaccharides. 27471831 3 43 theme disaccharide 592:603 arg1 composition 605:615 homogeneous disaccharide composition 580:615 homogeneous disaccharide composition 580:615 The sequence of F1 with homogeneous disaccharide composition was first characterized to be Galp-(4SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp by detailed nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analyses. 27471831 7 44 theme negative-ion 1203:1214 arg1 ES-CID-MS/MS 1216:1227 negative-ion ES-CID-MS/MS 1203:1227 negative-ion ES-CID-MS/MS 1203:1227 The investigation demonstrated that negative-ion ES-CID-MS/MS was an efficient method for the sequence analysis of the pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides which revealed the patterns of substitution and glycosidic linkages. 27471831 1 45 with purification 331:342 arg1 chromatography 364:377 gel-permeation chromatography 349:377 gel-permeation chromatography 349:377 Five sulfated oligosaccharide fragments, F1-F5, were prepared from a pyruvylated galactan sulfate from the green alga Codium divaricatum, by partial depolymerization using mild acid hydrolysis and purification with gel-permeation chromatography. 27471831 4 46 from pattern 753:759 arg1 spectra 786:792 the product ion spectra 770:792 the product ion spectra 770:792 The fragmentation pattern of F1 in the product ion spectra was established on the basis of negative-ion ES-CID MS/MS, which was then applied to sequence analysis of other sulfated oligosaccharides. 27471831 4 47 theme other 900:904 arg1 oligosaccharides 915:930 other sulfated oligosaccharides 900:930 other sulfated oligosaccharides 900:930 The fragmentation pattern of F1 in the product ion spectra was established on the basis of negative-ion ES-CID MS/MS, which was then applied to sequence analysis of other sulfated oligosaccharides. 27471831 1 48 with hydrolysis 316:325 arg1 chromatography 364:377 gel-permeation chromatography 349:377 gel-permeation chromatography 349:377 Five sulfated oligosaccharide fragments, F1-F5, were prepared from a pyruvylated galactan sulfate from the green alga Codium divaricatum, by partial depolymerization using mild acid hydrolysis and purification with gel-permeation chromatography. 27471831 6 49 theme fragments 1125:1133 arg1 sequences 1106:1114 The sequences 1102:1114 The sequences of major fragments in F4 and F5 1102:1146 The sequences of major fragments in F4 and F5 were also deduced. 27471831 1 50 theme pyruvylated 203:213 arg1 sulfate 224:230 a pyruvylated galactan sulfate 201:230 a pyruvylated galactan sulfate from the green alga 201:250 Five sulfated oligosaccharide fragments, F1-F5, were prepared from a pyruvylated galactan sulfate from the green alga Codium divaricatum, by partial depolymerization using mild acid hydrolysis and purification with gel-permeation chromatography. 27471831 4 51 theme oligosaccharides 915:930 arg1 analysis 888:895 sequence analysis 879:895 sequence analysis of other sulfated oligosaccharides 879:930 The fragmentation pattern of F1 in the product ion spectra was established on the basis of negative-ion ES-CID MS/MS, which was then applied to sequence analysis of other sulfated oligosaccharides. 27471831 8 52 theme sulfated 1478:1485 arg1 oligosaccharides 1487:1502 novel sulfated oligosaccharides 1472:1502 novel sulfated oligosaccharides different from other algal polysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides 1472:1569 The pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides were novel sulfated oligosaccharides different from other algal polysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides. 27471831 8 52 theme sulfated 1478:1485 arg1 oligosaccharides 1450:1465 The pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides 1409:1465 The pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides 1409:1465 The pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides were novel sulfated oligosaccharides different from other algal polysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides. 27471831 2 53 theme electrospray 393:404 arg1 spectrometry 418:429 Negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry 380:429 Negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry with collision-induced dissociation (ES-CID-MS/MS) 380:480 Negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry with collision-induced dissociation (ES-CID-MS/MS) is attempted for sequence determination of the sulfated oligosaccharides. 27471831 3 54 dep -Galp 666:670 arg1 1 → 3 660:664 1 → 3 660:664 1 → 3 660:664 The sequence of F1 with homogeneous disaccharide composition was first characterized to be Galp-(4SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp by detailed nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analyses. 27471831 8 55 theme different 1504:1512 arg1 oligosaccharides 1487:1502 novel sulfated oligosaccharides 1472:1502 novel sulfated oligosaccharides different from other algal polysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides 1472:1569 The pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides were novel sulfated oligosaccharides different from other algal polysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides. 27471831 8 55 theme different 1504:1512 arg1 oligosaccharides 1450:1465 The pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides 1409:1465 The pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides 1409:1465 The pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides were novel sulfated oligosaccharides different from other algal polysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides. 27471831 7 56 theme glycosidic 1388:1397 arg1 linkages 1399:1406 glycosidic linkages 1388:1406 glycosidic linkages 1388:1406 The investigation demonstrated that negative-ion ES-CID-MS/MS was an efficient method for the sequence analysis of the pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides which revealed the patterns of substitution and glycosidic linkages. 27471831 1 57 theme sulfated 139:146 arg1 fragments 164:172 Five sulfated oligosaccharide fragments 134:172 Five sulfated oligosaccharide fragments 134:172 Five sulfated oligosaccharide fragments, F1-F5, were prepared from a pyruvylated galactan sulfate from the green alga Codium divaricatum, by partial depolymerization using mild acid hydrolysis and purification with gel-permeation chromatography. 27471831 1 57 theme sulfated 139:146 arg1 F1-F5 175:179 F1-F5 175:179 F1-F5 175:179 Five sulfated oligosaccharide fragments, F1-F5, were prepared from a pyruvylated galactan sulfate from the green alga Codium divaricatum, by partial depolymerization using mild acid hydrolysis and purification with gel-permeation chromatography. 27471831 8 58 theme other 1519:1523 arg1 oligosaccharides 1554:1569 other algal polysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides 1519:1569 other algal polysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides 1519:1569 The pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides were novel sulfated oligosaccharides different from other algal polysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides. 27471831 7 59 theme substitution 1371:1382 arg1 patterns 1359:1366 the patterns 1355:1366 the patterns of substitution and glycosidic linkages 1355:1406 The investigation demonstrated that negative-ion ES-CID-MS/MS was an efficient method for the sequence analysis of the pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides which revealed the patterns of substitution and glycosidic linkages. 27471831 4 60 theme ion 782:784 arg1 spectra 786:792 the product ion spectra 770:792 the product ion spectra 770:792 The fragmentation pattern of F1 in the product ion spectra was established on the basis of negative-ion ES-CID MS/MS, which was then applied to sequence analysis of other sulfated oligosaccharides. 27471831 1 61 from alga 247:250 arg1 sulfate 224:230 a pyruvylated galactan sulfate 201:230 a pyruvylated galactan sulfate from the green alga 201:250 Five sulfated oligosaccharide fragments, F1-F5, were prepared from a pyruvylated galactan sulfate from the green alga Codium divaricatum, by partial depolymerization using mild acid hydrolysis and purification with gel-permeation chromatography. 27471831 3 62 theme nuclear 684:690 arg1 resonance 701:709 nuclear magnetic resonance 684:709 nuclear magnetic resonance 684:709 The sequence of F1 with homogeneous disaccharide composition was first characterized to be Galp-(4SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp by detailed nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analyses. 27471831 5 63 theme Galp- 979:983 arg1 sequences 937:945 The sequences 933:945 The sequences of F2 and F3 933:958 The sequences of F2 and F3 were deduced to be Galp-(4SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp and 3,4-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)-Galp-(6SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp, respectively. 27471831 5 63 theme Galp- 979:983 arg1 -Galp 1081:1085 Galp-(4SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp and 3,4-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)-Galp-(6SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp 979:1085 Galp-(4SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp and 3,4-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)-Galp-(6SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp 979:1085 The sequences of F2 and F3 were deduced to be Galp-(4SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp and 3,4-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)-Galp-(6SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp, respectively. 27471831 5 64 theme F2 950:951 arg1 sequences 937:945 The sequences 933:945 The sequences of F2 and F3 933:958 The sequences of F2 and F3 were deduced to be Galp-(4SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp and 3,4-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)-Galp-(6SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp, respectively. 27471831 5 64 theme F2 950:951 arg1 -Galp 1081:1085 Galp-(4SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp and 3,4-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)-Galp-(6SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp 979:1085 Galp-(4SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp and 3,4-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)-Galp-(6SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp 979:1085 The sequences of F2 and F3 were deduced to be Galp-(4SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp and 3,4-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)-Galp-(6SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp, respectively. 27471831 8 65 theme polysaccharide-derived 1531:1552 arg1 oligosaccharides 1554:1569 other algal polysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides 1519:1569 other algal polysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides 1519:1569 The pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides were novel sulfated oligosaccharides different from other algal polysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides. 27471831 0 66 theme negative-ion 82:93 arg1 spectrometry 120:131 negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry 82:131 negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry 82:131 Sequence analysis of the pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides by negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. 27471831 4 67 theme F1 764:765 arg1 pattern 753:759 The fragmentation pattern 735:759 The fragmentation pattern of F1 in the product ion spectra 735:792 The fragmentation pattern of F1 in the product ion spectra was established on the basis of negative-ion ES-CID MS/MS, which was then applied to sequence analysis of other sulfated oligosaccharides. 27471831 0 68 theme tandem 108:113 arg1 spectrometry 120:131 negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry 82:131 negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry 82:131 Sequence analysis of the pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides by negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. 27471831 5 69 theme 1 → 3 992:996 arg1 -Galp 1024:1028 (1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp 991:1028 (1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp 991:1028 The sequences of F2 and F3 were deduced to be Galp-(4SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp and 3,4-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)-Galp-(6SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp, respectively. 27471831 8 70 link sulfate-derived 1434:1448 arg1 oligosaccharides 1487:1502 novel sulfated oligosaccharides 1472:1502 novel sulfated oligosaccharides different from other algal polysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides 1472:1569 The pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides were novel sulfated oligosaccharides different from other algal polysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides. 27471831 8 70 link sulfate-derived 1434:1448 arg1 oligosaccharides 1450:1465 The pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides 1409:1465 The pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides 1409:1465 The pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides were novel sulfated oligosaccharides different from other algal polysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides. 27471831 4 71 theme negative-ion 826:837 arg1 MS/MS 846:850 negative-ion ES-CID MS/MS 826:850 negative-ion ES-CID MS/MS 826:850 The fragmentation pattern of F1 in the product ion spectra was established on the basis of negative-ion ES-CID MS/MS, which was then applied to sequence analysis of other sulfated oligosaccharides. 27471831 5 72 theme -Galp- 998:1003 arg1 -Galp 1024:1028 (1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp 991:1028 (1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp 991:1028 The sequences of F2 and F3 were deduced to be Galp-(4SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp and 3,4-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)-Galp-(6SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp, respectively. 27471831 7 73 theme sulfate-derived 1307:1321 arg1 oligosaccharides 1323:1338 the pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides 1282:1338 the pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides which revealed the patterns of substitution and glycosidic linkages 1282:1406 The investigation demonstrated that negative-ion ES-CID-MS/MS was an efficient method for the sequence analysis of the pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides which revealed the patterns of substitution and glycosidic linkages. 27471831 4 74 theme MS/MS 846:850 arg1 basis 817:821 the basis 813:821 the basis 813:821 The fragmentation pattern of F1 in the product ion spectra was established on the basis of negative-ion ES-CID MS/MS, which was then applied to sequence analysis of other sulfated oligosaccharides. 27471831 7 75 theme pyruvylated 1286:1296 arg1 oligosaccharides 1323:1338 the pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides 1282:1338 the pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides which revealed the patterns of substitution and glycosidic linkages 1282:1406 The investigation demonstrated that negative-ion ES-CID-MS/MS was an efficient method for the sequence analysis of the pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides which revealed the patterns of substitution and glycosidic linkages. 27471831 6 76 from sequences 1106:1114 arg1 F5 1145:1146 F5 1145:1146 F5 1145:1146 The sequences of major fragments in F4 and F5 were also deduced. 27471831 6 76 from sequences 1106:1114 arg1 F4 1138:1139 F4 1138:1139 F4 1138:1139 The sequences of major fragments in F4 and F5 were also deduced. 27471831 1 77 theme acid 311:314 arg1 hydrolysis 316:325 mild acid hydrolysis 306:325 mild acid hydrolysis 306:325 Five sulfated oligosaccharide fragments, F1-F5, were prepared from a pyruvylated galactan sulfate from the green alga Codium divaricatum, by partial depolymerization using mild acid hydrolysis and purification with gel-permeation chromatography. 27471831 8 78 link polysaccharide-derived 1531:1552 arg1 oligosaccharides 1554:1569 other algal polysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides 1519:1569 other algal polysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides 1519:1569 The pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides were novel sulfated oligosaccharides different from other algal polysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides. 27471831 0 79 theme galactan 37:44 arg1 oligosaccharides 62:77 the pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides 21:77 the pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides 21:77 Sequence analysis of the pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides by negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. 27471831 7 80 theme sequence 1261:1268 arg1 analysis 1270:1277 the sequence analysis 1257:1277 the sequence analysis of the pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides which revealed the patterns of substitution and glycosidic linkages 1257:1406 The investigation demonstrated that negative-ion ES-CID-MS/MS was an efficient method for the sequence analysis of the pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides which revealed the patterns of substitution and glycosidic linkages. 27471831 0 81 theme oligosaccharides 62:77 arg1 analysis 9:16 Sequence analysis 0:16 Sequence analysis of the pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides by negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. 0:132 Sequence analysis of the pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides by negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. 27471831 5 82 theme -Galp 1024:1028 arg1 sequences 937:945 The sequences 933:945 The sequences of F2 and F3 933:958 The sequences of F2 and F3 were deduced to be Galp-(4SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp and 3,4-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)-Galp-(6SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp, respectively. 27471831 5 82 theme -Galp 1024:1028 arg1 -Galp 1081:1085 Galp-(4SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp and 3,4-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)-Galp-(6SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp 979:1085 Galp-(4SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp and 3,4-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)-Galp-(6SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp 979:1085 The sequences of F2 and F3 were deduced to be Galp-(4SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp and 3,4-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)-Galp-(6SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp, respectively. 27471831 5 83 dep -Galp 1024:1028 arg1 1 → 3 1018:1022 1 → 3 1018:1022 1 → 3 1018:1022 The sequences of F2 and F3 were deduced to be Galp-(4SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp and 3,4-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)-Galp-(6SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp, respectively. 27471831 2 84 theme oligosaccharides 538:553 arg1 determination 508:520 sequence determination 499:520 sequence determination of the sulfated oligosaccharides 499:553 Negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry with collision-induced dissociation (ES-CID-MS/MS) is attempted for sequence determination of the sulfated oligosaccharides. 27471831 3 85 theme homogeneous 580:590 arg1 composition 605:615 homogeneous disaccharide composition 580:615 homogeneous disaccharide composition 580:615 The sequence of F1 with homogeneous disaccharide composition was first characterized to be Galp-(4SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp by detailed nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analyses. 27471831 7 86 theme an efficient 1233:1244 arg1 method 1246:1251 an efficient method 1233:1251 an efficient method for the sequence analysis of the pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides which revealed the patterns of substitution and glycosidic linkages 1233:1406 The investigation demonstrated that negative-ion ES-CID-MS/MS was an efficient method for the sequence analysis of the pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides which revealed the patterns of substitution and glycosidic linkages. 27471831 8 87 theme galactan 1425:1432 arg1 oligosaccharides 1487:1502 novel sulfated oligosaccharides 1472:1502 novel sulfated oligosaccharides different from other algal polysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides 1472:1569 The pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides were novel sulfated oligosaccharides different from other algal polysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides. 27471831 8 87 theme galactan 1425:1432 arg1 oligosaccharides 1450:1465 The pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides 1409:1465 The pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides 1409:1465 The pyruvylated galactan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides were novel sulfated oligosaccharides different from other algal polysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides. 27471831 3 88 theme F1 572:573 arg1 Galp- 647:651 Galp- 647:651 Galp-(4SO4) 647:657 The sequence of F1 with homogeneous disaccharide composition was first characterized to be Galp-(4SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp by detailed nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analyses. 27471831 3 88 theme F1 572:573 arg1 sequence 560:567 The sequence 556:567 The sequence of F1 with homogeneous disaccharide composition 556:615 The sequence of F1 with homogeneous disaccharide composition was first characterized to be Galp-(4SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp by detailed nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analyses. 27471831 5 89 theme -Galp- 1011:1016 arg1 -Galp 1024:1028 (1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp 991:1028 (1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp 991:1028 The sequences of F2 and F3 were deduced to be Galp-(4SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp-(1 → 3)-Galp and 3,4-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)-Galp-(6SO4)-(1 → 3)-Galp, respectively. 27261763 0 0 from determination 19:31 arg1 roots 62:66 the roots 58:66 the roots of the Northeast Brazilian species Pombalia calceolaria L 58:124 Identification and determination of the inulin content in the roots of the Northeast Brazilian species Pombalia calceolaria L. 27261763 5 1 dep time 749:752 arg1 identified 770:779 identified 770:779 has been identified on FT-IR and NMR for the species Pombalia calceolaria 761:833 This is the first time inulin has been identified on FT-IR and NMR for the species Pombalia calceolaria. 27261763 3 2 attach presence 542:549 arg1 parenchyma 577:586 the cortical parenchyma 564:586 the cortical parenchyma 564:586 Polarized light photomicrography of histological sections revealed the presence of inulin in the cortical parenchyma. 27261763 3 2 attach presence 542:549 arg2 inulin 554:559 inulin 554:559 inulin 554:559 Polarized light photomicrography of histological sections revealed the presence of inulin in the cortical parenchyma. 27261763 4 3 theme 1D 642:643 arg1 NMR 652:654 1D and 2D NMR 642:654 1D and 2D NMR 642:654 The chemical composition of inulin was identified by 1D and 2D NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy and the findings were compared with the literature. 27261763 0 4 theme Brazilian 85:93 arg1 species 95:101 the Northeast Brazilian species Pombalia calceolaria L 71:124 the Northeast Brazilian species Pombalia calceolaria L 71:124 Identification and determination of the inulin content in the roots of the Northeast Brazilian species Pombalia calceolaria L. 27261763 0 5 from Identification 0:13 arg1 roots 62:66 the roots 58:66 the roots of the Northeast Brazilian species Pombalia calceolaria L 58:124 Identification and determination of the inulin content in the roots of the Northeast Brazilian species Pombalia calceolaria L. 27261763 3 6 theme Polarized 471:479 arg1 photomicrography 487:502 Polarized light photomicrography 471:502 Polarized light photomicrography of histological sections 471:527 Polarized light photomicrography of histological sections revealed the presence of inulin in the cortical parenchyma. 27261763 0 7 theme Northeast 75:83 arg1 species 95:101 the Northeast Brazilian species Pombalia calceolaria L 71:124 the Northeast Brazilian species Pombalia calceolaria L 71:124 Identification and determination of the inulin content in the roots of the Northeast Brazilian species Pombalia calceolaria L. 27261763 3 8 theme light 481:485 arg1 photomicrography 487:502 Polarized light photomicrography 471:502 Polarized light photomicrography of histological sections 471:527 Polarized light photomicrography of histological sections revealed the presence of inulin in the cortical parenchyma. 27261763 1 9 with precipitation 277:289 arg1 methanol 296:303 methanol 296:303 methanol 296:303 A polysaccharide was extracted from the roots of Pombalia calceolaria, a plant used in folk medicine in Northeastern Brazil, by decoction followed by precipitation with methanol, yielding a concentration of 13.0% w/w, and purification with acetone. 27261763 0 10 dep species 95:101 arg1 L 124:124 Pombalia calceolaria L 103:124 the Northeast Brazilian species Pombalia calceolaria L 71:124 Identification and determination of the inulin content in the roots of the Northeast Brazilian species Pombalia calceolaria L. 27261763 0 11 theme Pombalia 103:110 arg1 L 124:124 Pombalia calceolaria L 103:124 the Northeast Brazilian species Pombalia calceolaria L 71:124 Identification and determination of the inulin content in the roots of the Northeast Brazilian species Pombalia calceolaria L. 27261763 1 12 theme % 338:338 arg1 concentration 317:329 a concentration 315:329 a concentration of 13.0% w/w, and purification 315:360 A polysaccharide was extracted from the roots of Pombalia calceolaria, a plant used in folk medicine in Northeastern Brazil, by decoction followed by precipitation with methanol, yielding a concentration of 13.0% w/w, and purification with acetone. 27261763 0 13 theme species 95:101 arg1 roots 62:66 the roots 58:66 the roots of the Northeast Brazilian species Pombalia calceolaria L 58:124 Identification and determination of the inulin content in the roots of the Northeast Brazilian species Pombalia calceolaria L. 27261763 3 14 theme histological 507:518 arg1 sections 520:527 histological sections 507:527 histological sections 507:527 Polarized light photomicrography of histological sections revealed the presence of inulin in the cortical parenchyma. 27261763 0 15 from content 47:53 arg1 roots 62:66 the roots 58:66 the roots of the Northeast Brazilian species Pombalia calceolaria L 58:124 Identification and determination of the inulin content in the roots of the Northeast Brazilian species Pombalia calceolaria L. 27261763 5 16 theme first 743:747 arg1 This 731:734 This 731:734 This 731:734 This is the first time inulin has been identified on FT-IR and NMR for the species Pombalia calceolaria. 27261763 5 16 theme first 743:747 arg1 time 749:752 the first time 739:752 the first time inulin has been identified on FT-IR and NMR for the species Pombalia calceolaria 739:833 This is the first time inulin has been identified on FT-IR and NMR for the species Pombalia calceolaria. 27261763 3 17 theme sections 520:527 arg1 photomicrography 487:502 Polarized light photomicrography 471:502 Polarized light photomicrography of histological sections 471:527 Polarized light photomicrography of histological sections revealed the presence of inulin in the cortical parenchyma. 27261763 4 18 theme inulin 617:622 arg1 composition 602:612 The chemical composition 589:612 The chemical composition of inulin 589:622 The chemical composition of inulin was identified by 1D and 2D NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy and the findings were compared with the literature. 27261763 2 19 theme mass 386:389 arg1 peak 391:394 The molar mass peak 376:394 The molar mass peak 376:394 The molar mass peak was estimated to be 4.0×10(3)Da using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). 27261763 2 19 theme mass 386:389 arg1 Da 425:426 4.0×10(3)Da 416:426 4.0×10(3)Da 416:426 The molar mass peak was estimated to be 4.0×10(3)Da using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). 27261763 0 20 theme calceolaria 112:122 arg1 L 124:124 Pombalia calceolaria L 103:124 the Northeast Brazilian species Pombalia calceolaria L 71:124 Identification and determination of the inulin content in the roots of the Northeast Brazilian species Pombalia calceolaria L. 27261763 3 21 from presence 542:549 arg1 parenchyma 577:586 the cortical parenchyma 564:586 the cortical parenchyma 564:586 Polarized light photomicrography of histological sections revealed the presence of inulin in the cortical parenchyma. 27261763 2 22 theme molar 380:384 arg1 peak 391:394 The molar mass peak 376:394 The molar mass peak 376:394 The molar mass peak was estimated to be 4.0×10(3)Da using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). 27261763 2 22 theme molar 380:384 arg1 Da 425:426 4.0×10(3)Da 416:426 4.0×10(3)Da 416:426 The molar mass peak was estimated to be 4.0×10(3)Da using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). 27261763 0 23 theme inulin 40:45 arg1 content 47:53 the inulin content 36:53 the inulin content in the roots of the Northeast Brazilian species Pombalia calceolaria L 36:124 Identification and determination of the inulin content in the roots of the Northeast Brazilian species Pombalia calceolaria L. 27261763 1 24 theme purification 349:360 arg1 concentration 317:329 a concentration 315:329 a concentration of 13.0% w/w, and purification 315:360 A polysaccharide was extracted from the roots of Pombalia calceolaria, a plant used in folk medicine in Northeastern Brazil, by decoction followed by precipitation with methanol, yielding a concentration of 13.0% w/w, and purification with acetone. 27261763 4 25 theme chemical 593:600 arg1 composition 602:612 The chemical composition 589:612 The chemical composition of inulin 589:622 The chemical composition of inulin was identified by 1D and 2D NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy and the findings were compared with the literature. 27261763 0 26 from roots 62:66 arg1 determination 19:31 determination 19:31 determination 19:31 Identification and determination of the inulin content in the roots of the Northeast Brazilian species Pombalia calceolaria L. 27261763 0 26 from roots 62:66 arg1 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification and determination of the inulin content in the roots of the Northeast Brazilian species Pombalia calceolaria L. 27261763 2 27 theme permeation 438:447 arg1 chromatography 449:462 gel permeation chromatography 434:462 gel permeation chromatography (GPC) 434:468 The molar mass peak was estimated to be 4.0×10(3)Da using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). 27261763 2 27 theme permeation 438:447 arg1 GPC 465:467 GPC 465:467 GPC 465:467 The molar mass peak was estimated to be 4.0×10(3)Da using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). 27261763 0 28 theme content 47:53 arg1 determination 19:31 determination 19:31 determination 19:31 Identification and determination of the inulin content in the roots of the Northeast Brazilian species Pombalia calceolaria L. 27261763 0 28 theme content 47:53 arg1 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification and determination of the inulin content in the roots of the Northeast Brazilian species Pombalia calceolaria L. 27261763 1 29 from medicine 219:226 arg1 Brazil 244:249 Brazil 244:249 Brazil 244:249 A polysaccharide was extracted from the roots of Pombalia calceolaria, a plant used in folk medicine in Northeastern Brazil, by decoction followed by precipitation with methanol, yielding a concentration of 13.0% w/w, and purification with acetone. 27261763 4 30 theme 2D 649:650 arg1 NMR 652:654 1D and 2D NMR 642:654 1D and 2D NMR 642:654 The chemical composition of inulin was identified by 1D and 2D NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy and the findings were compared with the literature. 27261763 1 31 dep % 338:338 arg1 w/w 340:342 w/w 340:342 13.0% w/w 334:342 A polysaccharide was extracted from the roots of Pombalia calceolaria, a plant used in folk medicine in Northeastern Brazil, by decoction followed by precipitation with methanol, yielding a concentration of 13.0% w/w, and purification with acetone. 27261763 4 32 theme FT-IR 660:664 arg1 spectroscopy 666:677 FT-IR spectroscopy 660:677 FT-IR spectroscopy 660:677 The chemical composition of inulin was identified by 1D and 2D NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy and the findings were compared with the literature. 27261763 3 33 theme cortical 568:575 arg1 parenchyma 577:586 the cortical parenchyma 564:586 the cortical parenchyma 564:586 Polarized light photomicrography of histological sections revealed the presence of inulin in the cortical parenchyma. 27261763 2 34 theme gel 434:436 arg1 chromatography 449:462 gel permeation chromatography 434:462 gel permeation chromatography (GPC) 434:468 The molar mass peak was estimated to be 4.0×10(3)Da using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). 27261763 2 34 theme gel 434:436 arg1 GPC 465:467 GPC 465:467 GPC 465:467 The molar mass peak was estimated to be 4.0×10(3)Da using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). 27261763 3 35 theme inulin 554:559 arg1 presence 542:549 the presence 538:549 the presence of inulin in the cortical parenchyma 538:586 Polarized light photomicrography of histological sections revealed the presence of inulin in the cortical parenchyma. 27261763 1 36 theme calceolaria 185:195 arg1 roots 167:171 the roots 163:171 the roots of Pombalia calceolaria, a plant used in folk medicine in Northeastern Brazil, 163:250 A polysaccharide was extracted from the roots of Pombalia calceolaria, a plant used in folk medicine in Northeastern Brazil, by decoction followed by precipitation with methanol, yielding a concentration of 13.0% w/w, and purification with acetone. 27261763 1 37 theme folk 214:217 arg1 medicine 219:226 folk medicine 214:226 folk medicine in Northeastern Brazil 214:249 A polysaccharide was extracted from the roots of Pombalia calceolaria, a plant used in folk medicine in Northeastern Brazil, by decoction followed by precipitation with methanol, yielding a concentration of 13.0% w/w, and purification with acetone. 26848983 0 0 theme Musa 69:72 arg1 abaca 62:66 abaca 62:66 abaca (Musa textilis) 62:82 Lignin-carbohydrate complexes from sisal (Agave sisalana) and abaca (Musa textilis): chemical composition and structural modifications during the isolation process. 26848983 0 0 theme Musa 69:72 arg1 textilis 74:81 Musa textilis 69:81 Musa textilis 69:81 Lignin-carbohydrate complexes from sisal (Agave sisalana) and abaca (Musa textilis): chemical composition and structural modifications during the isolation process. 26848983 9 1 theme several 2002:2008 arg1 linkages 2019:2026 several chemical linkages 2002:2026 several chemical linkages (phenylglycosides and benzyl ethers) 2002:2063 Finally, several chemical linkages (phenylglycosides and benzyl ethers) could be observed to occur between lignin and xylans in these plants. 26848983 2 2 theme biomass 550:556 arg1 procedure 572:580 a plant biomass fractionation procedure 542:580 a plant biomass fractionation procedure recently developed and which was termed as "universally" applicable to any type of lignocellulosic material 542:688 Lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCC) were isolated from the fibers of sisal (Agave sisalana) and abaca (Musa textilis) according to a plant biomass fractionation procedure recently developed and which was termed as "universally" applicable to any type of lignocellulosic material. 26848983 2 3 theme Musa 514:517 arg1 abaca 507:511 abaca 507:511 abaca (Musa textilis) 507:527 Lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCC) were isolated from the fibers of sisal (Agave sisalana) and abaca (Musa textilis) according to a plant biomass fractionation procedure recently developed and which was termed as "universally" applicable to any type of lignocellulosic material. 26848983 2 3 theme Musa 514:517 arg1 textilis 519:526 Musa textilis 514:526 Musa textilis 514:526 Lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCC) were isolated from the fibers of sisal (Agave sisalana) and abaca (Musa textilis) according to a plant biomass fractionation procedure recently developed and which was termed as "universally" applicable to any type of lignocellulosic material. 26848983 7 4 from groups 1674:1679 arg1 acetates 1632:1639 acetates 1632:1639 acetates from hemicelluloses and the acyl groups (acetates and p-coumarates) attached to the γ-OH of the lignin side chains 1632:1754 The analyses also suggested that acetates from hemicelluloses and the acyl groups (acetates and p-coumarates) attached to the γ-OH of the lignin side chains were extensively hydrolyzed and removed during the LCC fractionation process. 26848983 5 5 theme XL 1159:1160 arg1 fractions 1162:1170 the XL fractions 1155:1170 the XL fractions 1155:1170 Analysis by two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D-NMR) and Derivatization Followed by Reductive Cleavage (DFRC) indicated that the XL fractions were enriched in syringyl (S)-lignin units and β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages, whereas GL fractions have more guaiacyl (G)-lignin units and less β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages per lignin unit. 26848983 5 6 theme two-dimensional 1031:1045 arg1 2D-NMR 1075:1080 2D-NMR 1075:1080 2D-NMR 1075:1080 Analysis by two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D-NMR) and Derivatization Followed by Reductive Cleavage (DFRC) indicated that the XL fractions were enriched in syringyl (S)-lignin units and β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages, whereas GL fractions have more guaiacyl (G)-lignin units and less β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages per lignin unit. 26848983 5 6 theme two-dimensional 1031:1045 arg1 Resonance 1064:1072 two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 1031:1072 two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D-NMR) 1031:1081 Analysis by two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D-NMR) and Derivatization Followed by Reductive Cleavage (DFRC) indicated that the XL fractions were enriched in syringyl (S)-lignin units and β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages, whereas GL fractions have more guaiacyl (G)-lignin units and less β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages per lignin unit. 26848983 2 7 theme plant 544:548 arg1 procedure 572:580 a plant biomass fractionation procedure 542:580 a plant biomass fractionation procedure recently developed and which was termed as "universally" applicable to any type of lignocellulosic material 542:688 Lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCC) were isolated from the fibers of sisal (Agave sisalana) and abaca (Musa textilis) according to a plant biomass fractionation procedure recently developed and which was termed as "universally" applicable to any type of lignocellulosic material. 26848983 5 8 theme -lignin 1296:1302 arg1 units 1304:1308 more guaiacyl (G)-lignin units 1279:1308 more guaiacyl (G)-lignin units 1279:1308 Analysis by two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D-NMR) and Derivatization Followed by Reductive Cleavage (DFRC) indicated that the XL fractions were enriched in syringyl (S)-lignin units and β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages, whereas GL fractions have more guaiacyl (G)-lignin units and less β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages per lignin unit. 26848983 5 9 theme Reductive 1114:1122 arg1 Cleavage 1124:1131 Reductive Cleavage 1114:1131 Reductive Cleavage (DFRC) 1114:1138 Analysis by two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D-NMR) and Derivatization Followed by Reductive Cleavage (DFRC) indicated that the XL fractions were enriched in syringyl (S)-lignin units and β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages, whereas GL fractions have more guaiacyl (G)-lignin units and less β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages per lignin unit. 26848983 5 9 theme Reductive 1114:1122 arg1 DFRC 1134:1137 DFRC 1134:1137 DFRC 1134:1137 Analysis by two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D-NMR) and Derivatization Followed by Reductive Cleavage (DFRC) indicated that the XL fractions were enriched in syringyl (S)-lignin units and β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages, whereas GL fractions have more guaiacyl (G)-lignin units and less β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages per lignin unit. 26848983 4 10 theme GL 861:862 arg1 fractions 864:872 GL fractions 861:872 GL fractions 861:872 In both cases, GL fractions were enriched in glucans and comparatively depleted in lignin, whereas XL fractions were depleted in glucans, but enriched in xylans and lignin. 26848983 5 11 theme Nuclear 1047:1053 arg1 2D-NMR 1075:1080 2D-NMR 1075:1080 2D-NMR 1075:1080 Analysis by two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D-NMR) and Derivatization Followed by Reductive Cleavage (DFRC) indicated that the XL fractions were enriched in syringyl (S)-lignin units and β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages, whereas GL fractions have more guaiacyl (G)-lignin units and less β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages per lignin unit. 26848983 5 11 theme Nuclear 1047:1053 arg1 Resonance 1064:1072 two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 1031:1072 two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D-NMR) 1031:1081 Analysis by two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D-NMR) and Derivatization Followed by Reductive Cleavage (DFRC) indicated that the XL fractions were enriched in syringyl (S)-lignin units and β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages, whereas GL fractions have more guaiacyl (G)-lignin units and less β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages per lignin unit. 26848983 5 12 theme lignin 1356:1361 arg1 unit 1363:1366 lignin unit 1356:1366 lignin unit 1356:1366 Analysis by two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D-NMR) and Derivatization Followed by Reductive Cleavage (DFRC) indicated that the XL fractions were enriched in syringyl (S)-lignin units and β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages, whereas GL fractions have more guaiacyl (G)-lignin units and less β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages per lignin unit. 26848983 2 13 attach isolated 452:459 arg1 fibers 470:475 the fibers 466:475 the fibers of sisal (Agave sisalana) and abaca (Musa textilis) 466:527 Lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCC) were isolated from the fibers of sisal (Agave sisalana) and abaca (Musa textilis) according to a plant biomass fractionation procedure recently developed and which was termed as "universally" applicable to any type of lignocellulosic material. 26848983 2 13 attach isolated 452:459 arg2 LCC 442:444 LCC 442:444 LCC 442:444 Lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCC) were isolated from the fibers of sisal (Agave sisalana) and abaca (Musa textilis) according to a plant biomass fractionation procedure recently developed and which was termed as "universally" applicable to any type of lignocellulosic material. 26848983 2 13 attach isolated 452:459 arg2 complexes 431:439 Lignin-carbohydrate complexes 411:439 Lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCC) 411:445 Lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCC) were isolated from the fibers of sisal (Agave sisalana) and abaca (Musa textilis) according to a plant biomass fractionation procedure recently developed and which was termed as "universally" applicable to any type of lignocellulosic material. 26848983 2 14 theme Agave 487:491 arg1 sisal 480:484 sisal 480:484 sisal (Agave sisalana) 480:501 Lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCC) were isolated from the fibers of sisal (Agave sisalana) and abaca (Musa textilis) according to a plant biomass fractionation procedure recently developed and which was termed as "universally" applicable to any type of lignocellulosic material. 26848983 2 14 theme Agave 487:491 arg1 sisalana 493:500 Agave sisalana 487:500 Agave sisalana 487:500 Lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCC) were isolated from the fibers of sisal (Agave sisalana) and abaca (Musa textilis) according to a plant biomass fractionation procedure recently developed and which was termed as "universally" applicable to any type of lignocellulosic material. 26848983 7 15 theme fractionation 1811:1823 arg1 process 1825:1831 the LCC fractionation process 1803:1831 the LCC fractionation process 1803:1831 The analyses also suggested that acetates from hemicelluloses and the acyl groups (acetates and p-coumarates) attached to the γ-OH of the lignin side chains were extensively hydrolyzed and removed during the LCC fractionation process. 26848983 7 16 attach attached 1709:1716 arg2 groups 1674:1679 the acyl groups 1665:1679 the acyl groups (acetates and p-coumarates) attached to the γ-OH of the lignin side chains 1665:1754 The analyses also suggested that acetates from hemicelluloses and the acyl groups (acetates and p-coumarates) attached to the γ-OH of the lignin side chains were extensively hydrolyzed and removed during the LCC fractionation process. 26848983 7 16 attach attached 1709:1716 arg1 γ-OH 1725:1728 the γ-OH 1721:1728 the γ-OH of the lignin side chains 1721:1754 The analyses also suggested that acetates from hemicelluloses and the acyl groups (acetates and p-coumarates) attached to the γ-OH of the lignin side chains were extensively hydrolyzed and removed during the LCC fractionation process. 26848983 1 17 theme syringyl 260:267 arg1 units 269:273 syringyl units 260:273 syringyl units 260:273 Two types of lignins occurred in different lignin-carbohydrate fractions, a lignin enriched in syringyl units, less condensed, preferentially associated with xylans, and a lignin with more guaiacyl units, more condensed, associated with glucans. 26848983 0 18 theme chemical 85:92 arg1 composition 94:104 chemical composition 85:104 chemical composition 85:104 Lignin-carbohydrate complexes from sisal (Agave sisalana) and abaca (Musa textilis): chemical composition and structural modifications during the isolation process. 26848983 6 19 theme polymers 1436:1443 arg1 characteristics 1406:1420 the structural characteristics 1391:1420 the structural characteristics of the lignin polymers 1391:1443 The data suggest that the structural characteristics of the lignin polymers are not homogeneously distributed within the same plant and that two different lignin polymers with different composition and structure might be present. 26848983 2 20 theme developed 591:599 arg1 procedure 572:580 a plant biomass fractionation procedure 542:580 a plant biomass fractionation procedure recently developed and which was termed as "universally" applicable to any type of lignocellulosic material 542:688 Lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCC) were isolated from the fibers of sisal (Agave sisalana) and abaca (Musa textilis) according to a plant biomass fractionation procedure recently developed and which was termed as "universally" applicable to any type of lignocellulosic material. 26848983 5 21 theme less 1314:1317 arg1 linkages 1343:1350 less β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages 1314:1350 less β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages 1314:1350 Analysis by two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D-NMR) and Derivatization Followed by Reductive Cleavage (DFRC) indicated that the XL fractions were enriched in syringyl (S)-lignin units and β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages, whereas GL fractions have more guaiacyl (G)-lignin units and less β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages per lignin unit. 26848983 3 22 theme lignin 838:843 arg1 content 793:799 content 793:799 content 793:799 Two LCC fractions, namely glucan-lignin (GL) and xylan-lignin (XL), were isolated and differed in the content and composition of carbohydrates and lignin. 26848983 3 22 theme lignin 838:843 arg1 composition 805:815 composition 805:815 composition 805:815 Two LCC fractions, namely glucan-lignin (GL) and xylan-lignin (XL), were isolated and differed in the content and composition of carbohydrates and lignin. 26848983 2 23 theme sisal 480:484 arg1 fibers 470:475 the fibers 466:475 the fibers of sisal (Agave sisalana) and abaca (Musa textilis) 466:527 Lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCC) were isolated from the fibers of sisal (Agave sisalana) and abaca (Musa textilis) according to a plant biomass fractionation procedure recently developed and which was termed as "universally" applicable to any type of lignocellulosic material. 26848983 7 24 theme chains 1749:1754 arg1 γ-OH 1725:1728 the γ-OH 1721:1728 the γ-OH of the lignin side chains 1721:1754 The analyses also suggested that acetates from hemicelluloses and the acyl groups (acetates and p-coumarates) attached to the γ-OH of the lignin side chains were extensively hydrolyzed and removed during the LCC fractionation process. 26848983 8 25 theme structural 1913:1922 arg1 characterization 1924:1939 the structural characterization 1909:1939 the structural characterization of plants with acylated hemicelluloses and lignins 1909:1990 Therefore, caution must be paid when using this fractionation approach for the structural characterization of plants with acylated hemicelluloses and lignins. 26848983 7 26 dep groups 1674:1679 arg1 p-coumarates 1695:1706 p-coumarates 1695:1706 p-coumarates 1695:1706 The analyses also suggested that acetates from hemicelluloses and the acyl groups (acetates and p-coumarates) attached to the γ-OH of the lignin side chains were extensively hydrolyzed and removed during the LCC fractionation process. 26848983 7 26 dep groups 1674:1679 arg1 acetates 1682:1689 acetates 1682:1689 acetates 1682:1689 The analyses also suggested that acetates from hemicelluloses and the acyl groups (acetates and p-coumarates) attached to the γ-OH of the lignin side chains were extensively hydrolyzed and removed during the LCC fractionation process. 26848983 8 27 theme plants 1944:1949 arg1 characterization 1924:1939 the structural characterization 1909:1939 the structural characterization of plants with acylated hemicelluloses and lignins 1909:1990 Therefore, caution must be paid when using this fractionation approach for the structural characterization of plants with acylated hemicelluloses and lignins. 26848983 8 28 theme fractionation 1882:1894 arg1 approach 1896:1903 this fractionation approach 1877:1903 this fractionation approach for the structural characterization of plants with acylated hemicelluloses and lignins 1877:1990 Therefore, caution must be paid when using this fractionation approach for the structural characterization of plants with acylated hemicelluloses and lignins. 26848983 1 29 theme guaiacyl 354:361 arg1 units 363:367 more guaiacyl units 349:367 more guaiacyl units 349:367 Two types of lignins occurred in different lignin-carbohydrate fractions, a lignin enriched in syringyl units, less condensed, preferentially associated with xylans, and a lignin with more guaiacyl units, more condensed, associated with glucans. 26848983 5 30 theme alkyl-aryl 1326:1335 arg1 linkages 1343:1350 less β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages 1314:1350 less β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages 1314:1350 Analysis by two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D-NMR) and Derivatization Followed by Reductive Cleavage (DFRC) indicated that the XL fractions were enriched in syringyl (S)-lignin units and β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages, whereas GL fractions have more guaiacyl (G)-lignin units and less β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages per lignin unit. 26848983 3 31 dep content 793:799 arg1 the 789:791 the 789:791 the 789:791 Two LCC fractions, namely glucan-lignin (GL) and xylan-lignin (XL), were isolated and differed in the content and composition of carbohydrates and lignin. 26848983 3 32 theme carbohydrates 820:832 arg1 content 793:799 content 793:799 content 793:799 Two LCC fractions, namely glucan-lignin (GL) and xylan-lignin (XL), were isolated and differed in the content and composition of carbohydrates and lignin. 26848983 3 32 theme carbohydrates 820:832 arg1 composition 805:815 composition 805:815 composition 805:815 Two LCC fractions, namely glucan-lignin (GL) and xylan-lignin (XL), were isolated and differed in the content and composition of carbohydrates and lignin. 26848983 0 33 theme Lignin-carbohydrate 0:18 arg1 complexes 20:28 Lignin-carbohydrate complexes 0:28 Lignin-carbohydrate complexes from sisal (Agave sisalana) and abaca (Musa textilis): chemical composition and structural modifications during the isolation process. 0:163 Lignin-carbohydrate complexes from sisal (Agave sisalana) and abaca (Musa textilis): chemical composition and structural modifications during the isolation process. 26848983 2 34 theme fractionation 558:570 arg1 procedure 572:580 a plant biomass fractionation procedure 542:580 a plant biomass fractionation procedure recently developed and which was termed as "universally" applicable to any type of lignocellulosic material 542:688 Lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCC) were isolated from the fibers of sisal (Agave sisalana) and abaca (Musa textilis) according to a plant biomass fractionation procedure recently developed and which was termed as "universally" applicable to any type of lignocellulosic material. 26848983 8 35 theme acylated 1956:1963 arg1 hemicelluloses 1965:1978 acylated hemicelluloses 1956:1978 acylated hemicelluloses 1956:1978 Therefore, caution must be paid when using this fractionation approach for the structural characterization of plants with acylated hemicelluloses and lignins. 26848983 5 36 theme β-O-4 1319:1323 arg1 linkages 1343:1350 less β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages 1314:1350 less β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages 1314:1350 Analysis by two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D-NMR) and Derivatization Followed by Reductive Cleavage (DFRC) indicated that the XL fractions were enriched in syringyl (S)-lignin units and β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages, whereas GL fractions have more guaiacyl (G)-lignin units and less β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages per lignin unit. 26848983 5 37 theme S 1199:1199 arg1 units 1209:1213 syringyl (S)-lignin units 1189:1213 syringyl (S)-lignin units 1189:1213 Analysis by two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D-NMR) and Derivatization Followed by Reductive Cleavage (DFRC) indicated that the XL fractions were enriched in syringyl (S)-lignin units and β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages, whereas GL fractions have more guaiacyl (G)-lignin units and less β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages per lignin unit. 26848983 6 38 theme lignin 1429:1434 arg1 polymers 1436:1443 the lignin polymers 1425:1443 the lignin polymers 1425:1443 The data suggest that the structural characteristics of the lignin polymers are not homogeneously distributed within the same plant and that two different lignin polymers with different composition and structure might be present. 26848983 2 39 theme Lignin-carbohydrate 411:429 arg1 complexes 431:439 Lignin-carbohydrate complexes 411:439 Lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCC) 411:445 Lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCC) were isolated from the fibers of sisal (Agave sisalana) and abaca (Musa textilis) according to a plant biomass fractionation procedure recently developed and which was termed as "universally" applicable to any type of lignocellulosic material. 26848983 2 39 theme Lignin-carbohydrate 411:429 arg1 LCC 442:444 LCC 442:444 LCC 442:444 Lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCC) were isolated from the fibers of sisal (Agave sisalana) and abaca (Musa textilis) according to a plant biomass fractionation procedure recently developed and which was termed as "universally" applicable to any type of lignocellulosic material. 26848983 9 40 dep linkages 2019:2026 arg1 phenylglycosides 2029:2044 phenylglycosides 2029:2044 phenylglycosides 2029:2044 Finally, several chemical linkages (phenylglycosides and benzyl ethers) could be observed to occur between lignin and xylans in these plants. 26848983 9 40 dep linkages 2019:2026 arg1 ethers 2057:2062 benzyl ethers 2050:2062 benzyl ethers 2050:2062 Finally, several chemical linkages (phenylglycosides and benzyl ethers) could be observed to occur between lignin and xylans in these plants. 26848983 7 41 theme acyl 1669:1672 arg1 groups 1674:1679 the acyl groups 1665:1679 the acyl groups (acetates and p-coumarates) attached to the γ-OH of the lignin side chains 1665:1754 The analyses also suggested that acetates from hemicelluloses and the acyl groups (acetates and p-coumarates) attached to the γ-OH of the lignin side chains were extensively hydrolyzed and removed during the LCC fractionation process. 26848983 6 42 theme different 1514:1522 arg1 polymers 1531:1538 two different lignin polymers 1510:1538 two different lignin polymers with different composition and structure 1510:1579 The data suggest that the structural characteristics of the lignin polymers are not homogeneously distributed within the same plant and that two different lignin polymers with different composition and structure might be present. 26848983 1 43 theme lignins 178:184 arg1 types 169:173 Two types 165:173 Two types of lignins 165:184 Two types of lignins occurred in different lignin-carbohydrate fractions, a lignin enriched in syringyl units, less condensed, preferentially associated with xylans, and a lignin with more guaiacyl units, more condensed, associated with glucans. 26848983 4 44 theme XL 945:946 arg1 fractions 948:956 XL fractions 945:956 XL fractions 945:956 In both cases, GL fractions were enriched in glucans and comparatively depleted in lignin, whereas XL fractions were depleted in glucans, but enriched in xylans and lignin. 26848983 2 45 theme abaca 507:511 arg1 fibers 470:475 the fibers 466:475 the fibers of sisal (Agave sisalana) and abaca (Musa textilis) 466:527 Lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCC) were isolated from the fibers of sisal (Agave sisalana) and abaca (Musa textilis) according to a plant biomass fractionation procedure recently developed and which was termed as "universally" applicable to any type of lignocellulosic material. 26848983 7 46 theme LCC 1807:1809 arg1 process 1825:1831 the LCC fractionation process 1803:1831 the LCC fractionation process 1803:1831 The analyses also suggested that acetates from hemicelluloses and the acyl groups (acetates and p-coumarates) attached to the γ-OH of the lignin side chains were extensively hydrolyzed and removed during the LCC fractionation process. 26848983 5 47 theme -lignin 1201:1207 arg1 units 1209:1213 syringyl (S)-lignin units 1189:1213 syringyl (S)-lignin units 1189:1213 Analysis by two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D-NMR) and Derivatization Followed by Reductive Cleavage (DFRC) indicated that the XL fractions were enriched in syringyl (S)-lignin units and β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages, whereas GL fractions have more guaiacyl (G)-lignin units and less β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages per lignin unit. 26848983 4 48 from lignin 1011:1016 arg1 enriched 988:995 enriched 988:995 enriched 988:995 In both cases, GL fractions were enriched in glucans and comparatively depleted in lignin, whereas XL fractions were depleted in glucans, but enriched in xylans and lignin. 26848983 0 49 theme Agave 42:46 arg1 sisal 35:39 sisal 35:39 sisal (Agave sisalana) 35:56 Lignin-carbohydrate complexes from sisal (Agave sisalana) and abaca (Musa textilis): chemical composition and structural modifications during the isolation process. 26848983 0 49 theme Agave 42:46 arg1 sisalana 48:55 Agave sisalana 42:55 Agave sisalana 42:55 Lignin-carbohydrate complexes from sisal (Agave sisalana) and abaca (Musa textilis): chemical composition and structural modifications during the isolation process. 26848983 1 50 theme condensed 281:289 arg1 units 269:273 syringyl units 260:273 syringyl units 260:273 Two types of lignins occurred in different lignin-carbohydrate fractions, a lignin enriched in syringyl units, less condensed, preferentially associated with xylans, and a lignin with more guaiacyl units, more condensed, associated with glucans. 26848983 6 51 theme same 1490:1493 arg1 plant 1495:1499 the same plant 1486:1499 the same plant 1486:1499 The data suggest that the structural characteristics of the lignin polymers are not homogeneously distributed within the same plant and that two different lignin polymers with different composition and structure might be present. 26848983 6 52 theme lignin 1524:1529 arg1 polymers 1531:1538 two different lignin polymers 1510:1538 two different lignin polymers with different composition and structure 1510:1579 The data suggest that the structural characteristics of the lignin polymers are not homogeneously distributed within the same plant and that two different lignin polymers with different composition and structure might be present. 26848983 5 53 theme alkyl-aryl 1226:1235 arg1 linkages 1243:1250 β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages 1219:1250 β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages 1219:1250 Analysis by two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D-NMR) and Derivatization Followed by Reductive Cleavage (DFRC) indicated that the XL fractions were enriched in syringyl (S)-lignin units and β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages, whereas GL fractions have more guaiacyl (G)-lignin units and less β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages per lignin unit. 26848983 5 54 theme Magnetic 1055:1062 arg1 2D-NMR 1075:1080 2D-NMR 1075:1080 2D-NMR 1075:1080 Analysis by two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D-NMR) and Derivatization Followed by Reductive Cleavage (DFRC) indicated that the XL fractions were enriched in syringyl (S)-lignin units and β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages, whereas GL fractions have more guaiacyl (G)-lignin units and less β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages per lignin unit. 26848983 5 54 theme Magnetic 1055:1062 arg1 Resonance 1064:1072 two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 1031:1072 two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D-NMR) 1031:1081 Analysis by two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D-NMR) and Derivatization Followed by Reductive Cleavage (DFRC) indicated that the XL fractions were enriched in syringyl (S)-lignin units and β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages, whereas GL fractions have more guaiacyl (G)-lignin units and less β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages per lignin unit. 26848983 0 55 theme structural 110:119 arg1 modifications 121:133 structural modifications 110:133 structural modifications 110:133 Lignin-carbohydrate complexes from sisal (Agave sisalana) and abaca (Musa textilis): chemical composition and structural modifications during the isolation process. 26848983 0 56 from abaca 62:66 arg1 complexes 20:28 Lignin-carbohydrate complexes 0:28 Lignin-carbohydrate complexes from sisal (Agave sisalana) and abaca (Musa textilis): chemical composition and structural modifications during the isolation process. 0:163 Lignin-carbohydrate complexes from sisal (Agave sisalana) and abaca (Musa textilis): chemical composition and structural modifications during the isolation process. 26848983 9 57 theme benzyl 2050:2055 arg1 ethers 2057:2062 benzyl ethers 2050:2062 benzyl ethers 2050:2062 Finally, several chemical linkages (phenylglycosides and benzyl ethers) could be observed to occur between lignin and xylans in these plants. 26848983 5 58 theme GL 1261:1262 arg1 fractions 1264:1272 GL fractions 1261:1272 GL fractions 1261:1272 Analysis by two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D-NMR) and Derivatization Followed by Reductive Cleavage (DFRC) indicated that the XL fractions were enriched in syringyl (S)-lignin units and β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages, whereas GL fractions have more guaiacyl (G)-lignin units and less β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages per lignin unit. 26848983 1 59 theme different 198:206 arg1 fractions 228:236 different lignin-carbohydrate fractions 198:236 different lignin-carbohydrate fractions 198:236 Two types of lignins occurred in different lignin-carbohydrate fractions, a lignin enriched in syringyl units, less condensed, preferentially associated with xylans, and a lignin with more guaiacyl units, more condensed, associated with glucans. 26848983 1 59 theme different 198:206 arg1 lignin 241:246 a lignin 239:246 a lignin enriched in syringyl units, less condensed, preferentially associated with xylans 239:328 Two types of lignins occurred in different lignin-carbohydrate fractions, a lignin enriched in syringyl units, less condensed, preferentially associated with xylans, and a lignin with more guaiacyl units, more condensed, associated with glucans. 26848983 9 60 theme chemical 2010:2017 arg1 linkages 2019:2026 several chemical linkages 2002:2026 several chemical linkages (phenylglycosides and benzyl ethers) 2002:2063 Finally, several chemical linkages (phenylglycosides and benzyl ethers) could be observed to occur between lignin and xylans in these plants. 26848983 7 61 theme lignin 1737:1742 arg1 chains 1749:1754 the lignin side chains 1733:1754 the lignin side chains 1733:1754 The analyses also suggested that acetates from hemicelluloses and the acyl groups (acetates and p-coumarates) attached to the γ-OH of the lignin side chains were extensively hydrolyzed and removed during the LCC fractionation process. 26848983 1 62 theme condensed 375:383 arg1 lignin 337:342 a lignin 335:342 a lignin 335:342 Two types of lignins occurred in different lignin-carbohydrate fractions, a lignin enriched in syringyl units, less condensed, preferentially associated with xylans, and a lignin with more guaiacyl units, more condensed, associated with glucans. 26848983 3 63 theme LCC 695:697 arg1 fractions 699:707 Two LCC fractions 691:707 Two LCC fractions 691:707 Two LCC fractions, namely glucan-lignin (GL) and xylan-lignin (XL), were isolated and differed in the content and composition of carbohydrates and lignin. 26848983 3 63 theme LCC 695:697 arg1 glucan-lignin 717:729 glucan-lignin 717:729 glucan-lignin (GL) 717:734 Two LCC fractions, namely glucan-lignin (GL) and xylan-lignin (XL), were isolated and differed in the content and composition of carbohydrates and lignin. 26848983 3 63 theme LCC 695:697 arg1 xylan-lignin 740:751 xylan-lignin 740:751 xylan-lignin (XL) 740:756 Two LCC fractions, namely glucan-lignin (GL) and xylan-lignin (XL), were isolated and differed in the content and composition of carbohydrates and lignin. 26848983 4 64 dep enriched 879:886 arg1 whereas 937:943 whereas 937:943 whereas 937:943 In both cases, GL fractions were enriched in glucans and comparatively depleted in lignin, whereas XL fractions were depleted in glucans, but enriched in xylans and lignin. 26848983 6 65 with polymers 1531:1538 arg1 structure 1571:1579 structure 1571:1579 structure 1571:1579 The data suggest that the structural characteristics of the lignin polymers are not homogeneously distributed within the same plant and that two different lignin polymers with different composition and structure might be present. 26848983 6 65 with polymers 1531:1538 arg1 composition 1555:1565 different composition 1545:1565 different composition 1545:1565 The data suggest that the structural characteristics of the lignin polymers are not homogeneously distributed within the same plant and that two different lignin polymers with different composition and structure might be present. 26848983 7 66 theme side 1744:1747 arg1 chains 1749:1754 the lignin side chains 1733:1754 the lignin side chains 1733:1754 The analyses also suggested that acetates from hemicelluloses and the acyl groups (acetates and p-coumarates) attached to the γ-OH of the lignin side chains were extensively hydrolyzed and removed during the LCC fractionation process. 26848983 6 67 theme different 1545:1553 arg1 composition 1555:1565 different composition 1545:1565 different composition 1545:1565 The data suggest that the structural characteristics of the lignin polymers are not homogeneously distributed within the same plant and that two different lignin polymers with different composition and structure might be present. 26848983 4 68 from enriched 988:995 arg1 lignin 1011:1016 lignin 1011:1016 lignin 1011:1016 In both cases, GL fractions were enriched in glucans and comparatively depleted in lignin, whereas XL fractions were depleted in glucans, but enriched in xylans and lignin. 26848983 4 68 from enriched 988:995 arg1 xylans 1000:1005 xylans 1000:1005 xylans 1000:1005 In both cases, GL fractions were enriched in glucans and comparatively depleted in lignin, whereas XL fractions were depleted in glucans, but enriched in xylans and lignin. 26848983 7 69 from hemicelluloses 1646:1659 arg1 acetates 1632:1639 acetates 1632:1639 acetates from hemicelluloses and the acyl groups (acetates and p-coumarates) attached to the γ-OH of the lignin side chains 1632:1754 The analyses also suggested that acetates from hemicelluloses and the acyl groups (acetates and p-coumarates) attached to the γ-OH of the lignin side chains were extensively hydrolyzed and removed during the LCC fractionation process. 26848983 1 70 theme lignin-carbohydrate 208:226 arg1 fractions 228:236 different lignin-carbohydrate fractions 198:236 different lignin-carbohydrate fractions 198:236 Two types of lignins occurred in different lignin-carbohydrate fractions, a lignin enriched in syringyl units, less condensed, preferentially associated with xylans, and a lignin with more guaiacyl units, more condensed, associated with glucans. 26848983 1 70 theme lignin-carbohydrate 208:226 arg1 lignin 241:246 a lignin 239:246 a lignin enriched in syringyl units, less condensed, preferentially associated with xylans 239:328 Two types of lignins occurred in different lignin-carbohydrate fractions, a lignin enriched in syringyl units, less condensed, preferentially associated with xylans, and a lignin with more guaiacyl units, more condensed, associated with glucans. 26848983 0 71 theme isolation 146:154 arg1 process 156:162 the isolation process 142:162 the isolation process 142:162 Lignin-carbohydrate complexes from sisal (Agave sisalana) and abaca (Musa textilis): chemical composition and structural modifications during the isolation process. 26848983 5 72 theme ether 1237:1241 arg1 linkages 1243:1250 β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages 1219:1250 β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages 1219:1250 Analysis by two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D-NMR) and Derivatization Followed by Reductive Cleavage (DFRC) indicated that the XL fractions were enriched in syringyl (S)-lignin units and β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages, whereas GL fractions have more guaiacyl (G)-lignin units and less β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages per lignin unit. 26848983 5 73 contain have 1274:1277 arg1 fractions 1264:1272 GL fractions 1261:1272 GL fractions 1261:1272 Analysis by two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D-NMR) and Derivatization Followed by Reductive Cleavage (DFRC) indicated that the XL fractions were enriched in syringyl (S)-lignin units and β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages, whereas GL fractions have more guaiacyl (G)-lignin units and less β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages per lignin unit. 26848983 5 73 contain have 1274:1277 arg2 units 1304:1308 more guaiacyl (G)-lignin units 1279:1308 more guaiacyl (G)-lignin units 1279:1308 Analysis by two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D-NMR) and Derivatization Followed by Reductive Cleavage (DFRC) indicated that the XL fractions were enriched in syringyl (S)-lignin units and β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages, whereas GL fractions have more guaiacyl (G)-lignin units and less β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages per lignin unit. 26848983 5 73 contain have 1274:1277 arg2 linkages 1343:1350 less β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages 1314:1350 less β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages 1314:1350 Analysis by two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D-NMR) and Derivatization Followed by Reductive Cleavage (DFRC) indicated that the XL fractions were enriched in syringyl (S)-lignin units and β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages, whereas GL fractions have more guaiacyl (G)-lignin units and less β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages per lignin unit. 26848983 1 74 with lignin 337:342 arg1 units 363:367 more guaiacyl units 349:367 more guaiacyl units 349:367 Two types of lignins occurred in different lignin-carbohydrate fractions, a lignin enriched in syringyl units, less condensed, preferentially associated with xylans, and a lignin with more guaiacyl units, more condensed, associated with glucans. 26848983 6 75 theme structural 1395:1404 arg1 characteristics 1406:1420 the structural characteristics 1391:1420 the structural characteristics of the lignin polymers 1391:1443 The data suggest that the structural characteristics of the lignin polymers are not homogeneously distributed within the same plant and that two different lignin polymers with different composition and structure might be present. 26848983 4 76 from xylans 1000:1005 arg1 enriched 988:995 enriched 988:995 enriched 988:995 In both cases, GL fractions were enriched in glucans and comparatively depleted in lignin, whereas XL fractions were depleted in glucans, but enriched in xylans and lignin. 26848983 0 77 dep complexes 20:28 arg1 composition 94:104 chemical composition 85:104 chemical composition 85:104 Lignin-carbohydrate complexes from sisal (Agave sisalana) and abaca (Musa textilis): chemical composition and structural modifications during the isolation process. 26848983 0 77 dep complexes 20:28 arg1 modifications 121:133 structural modifications 110:133 structural modifications 110:133 Lignin-carbohydrate complexes from sisal (Agave sisalana) and abaca (Musa textilis): chemical composition and structural modifications during the isolation process. 26848983 2 78 theme material 681:688 arg1 type 657:660 any type 653:660 any type of lignocellulosic material 653:688 Lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCC) were isolated from the fibers of sisal (Agave sisalana) and abaca (Musa textilis) according to a plant biomass fractionation procedure recently developed and which was termed as "universally" applicable to any type of lignocellulosic material. 26848983 8 79 with plants 1944:1949 arg1 lignins 1984:1990 lignins 1984:1990 lignins 1984:1990 Therefore, caution must be paid when using this fractionation approach for the structural characterization of plants with acylated hemicelluloses and lignins. 26848983 8 79 with plants 1944:1949 arg1 hemicelluloses 1965:1978 acylated hemicelluloses 1956:1978 acylated hemicelluloses 1956:1978 Therefore, caution must be paid when using this fractionation approach for the structural characterization of plants with acylated hemicelluloses and lignins. 26848983 0 80 from sisal 35:39 arg1 complexes 20:28 Lignin-carbohydrate complexes 0:28 Lignin-carbohydrate complexes from sisal (Agave sisalana) and abaca (Musa textilis): chemical composition and structural modifications during the isolation process. 0:163 Lignin-carbohydrate complexes from sisal (Agave sisalana) and abaca (Musa textilis): chemical composition and structural modifications during the isolation process. 26848983 2 81 theme lignocellulosic 665:679 arg1 material 681:688 lignocellulosic material 665:688 lignocellulosic material 665:688 Lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCC) were isolated from the fibers of sisal (Agave sisalana) and abaca (Musa textilis) according to a plant biomass fractionation procedure recently developed and which was termed as "universally" applicable to any type of lignocellulosic material. 26848983 5 82 theme ether 1337:1341 arg1 linkages 1343:1350 less β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages 1314:1350 less β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages 1314:1350 Analysis by two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D-NMR) and Derivatization Followed by Reductive Cleavage (DFRC) indicated that the XL fractions were enriched in syringyl (S)-lignin units and β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages, whereas GL fractions have more guaiacyl (G)-lignin units and less β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages per lignin unit. 26848983 5 83 theme syringyl 1189:1196 arg1 units 1209:1213 syringyl (S)-lignin units 1189:1213 syringyl (S)-lignin units 1189:1213 Analysis by two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D-NMR) and Derivatization Followed by Reductive Cleavage (DFRC) indicated that the XL fractions were enriched in syringyl (S)-lignin units and β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages, whereas GL fractions have more guaiacyl (G)-lignin units and less β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether linkages per lignin unit. 24607164 4 0 theme cellulosic 713:722 arg1 polymers 724:731 the grafted cellulosic polymers 701:731 the grafted cellulosic polymers 701:731 The swelling studies of the grafted cellulosic polymers have been carried out in different solvents to assess the possible applicability of these natural polymers. 24607164 3 1 dep transform 589:597 arg1 infrared 599:606 infrared 599:606 transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and swelling studies 589:674 The structural, thermal and physico-chemical changes in the natural cellulosic polymers based graft copolymers have been ascertained with scanning electron micrography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and swelling studies. 24607164 6 2 theme natural 1043:1049 arg1 polymers 1062:1069 the parent natural cellulosic polymers 1032:1069 the parent natural cellulosic polymers based composites 1032:1086 It has been found that grafted polymers (Grewia optiva) based green composites gives better tensile properties than the parent natural cellulosic polymers based composites. 24607164 4 3 theme polymers 724:731 arg1 studies 690:696 The swelling studies 677:696 The swelling studies of the grafted cellulosic polymers 677:731 The swelling studies of the grafted cellulosic polymers have been carried out in different solvents to assess the possible applicability of these natural polymers. 24607164 1 4 theme green 232:236 arg1 composites 238:247 green composites 232:247 green composites 232:247 In the present study, free radical induced graft-copolymerization of natural cellulosic polymers (Grewia optiva) has been carried out to develop the novel materials meant for green composites and many other applications. 24607164 3 5 dep Fourier 581:587 arg1 transform 589:597 transform 589:597 transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and swelling studies 589:674 The structural, thermal and physico-chemical changes in the natural cellulosic polymers based graft copolymers have been ascertained with scanning electron micrography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and swelling studies. 24607164 3 6 theme electron 559:566 arg1 Fourier 581:587 Fourier 581:587 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and swelling studies 581:674 The structural, thermal and physico-chemical changes in the natural cellulosic polymers based graft copolymers have been ascertained with scanning electron micrography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and swelling studies. 24607164 3 6 theme electron 559:566 arg1 micrography 568:578 scanning electron micrography 550:578 scanning electron micrography 550:578 The structural, thermal and physico-chemical changes in the natural cellulosic polymers based graft copolymers have been ascertained with scanning electron micrography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and swelling studies. 24607164 6 7 theme grafted 939:945 arg1 green 978:982 green 978:982 green 978:982 It has been found that grafted polymers (Grewia optiva) based green composites gives better tensile properties than the parent natural cellulosic polymers based composites. 24607164 6 7 theme grafted 939:945 arg1 composites 984:993 composites 984:993 composites 984:993 It has been found that grafted polymers (Grewia optiva) based green composites gives better tensile properties than the parent natural cellulosic polymers based composites. 24607164 6 7 theme grafted 939:945 arg1 polymers 947:954 grafted polymers 939:954 grafted polymers (Grewia optiva) based green composites 939:993 It has been found that grafted polymers (Grewia optiva) based green composites gives better tensile properties than the parent natural cellulosic polymers based composites. 24607164 6 7 theme grafted 939:945 arg1 optiva 964:969 optiva 964:969 optiva 964:969 It has been found that grafted polymers (Grewia optiva) based green composites gives better tensile properties than the parent natural cellulosic polymers based composites. 24607164 1 8 theme natural 126:132 arg1 polymers 145:152 natural cellulosic polymers 126:152 natural cellulosic polymers (Grewia optiva) 126:168 In the present study, free radical induced graft-copolymerization of natural cellulosic polymers (Grewia optiva) has been carried out to develop the novel materials meant for green composites and many other applications. 24607164 1 8 theme natural 126:132 arg1 optiva 162:167 optiva 162:167 optiva 162:167 In the present study, free radical induced graft-copolymerization of natural cellulosic polymers (Grewia optiva) has been carried out to develop the novel materials meant for green composites and many other applications. 24607164 3 9 dep based 500:504 arg1 graft 506:510 graft 506:510 graft 506:510 The structural, thermal and physico-chemical changes in the natural cellulosic polymers based graft copolymers have been ascertained with scanning electron micrography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and swelling studies. 24607164 3 9 dep based 500:504 arg1 polymers 491:498 the natural cellulosic polymers 468:498 the natural cellulosic polymers based graft copolymers 468:521 The structural, thermal and physico-chemical changes in the natural cellulosic polymers based graft copolymers have been ascertained with scanning electron micrography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and swelling studies. 24607164 3 9 dep based 500:504 arg1 copolymers 512:521 copolymers 512:521 copolymers 512:521 The structural, thermal and physico-chemical changes in the natural cellulosic polymers based graft copolymers have been ascertained with scanning electron micrography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and swelling studies. 24607164 1 10 theme present 64:70 arg1 study 72:76 the present study 60:76 the present study 60:76 In the present study, free radical induced graft-copolymerization of natural cellulosic polymers (Grewia optiva) has been carried out to develop the novel materials meant for green composites and many other applications. 24607164 2 11 theme grafting 387:394 arg1 percentage 373:382 the percentage 369:382 the percentage of grafting 369:394 During the graft copolymer synthesis diverse reaction parameters that significantly affect the percentage of grafting were optimized. 24607164 5 12 theme Green 841:845 arg1 composites 847:856 Green composites 841:856 Green composites 841:856 Green composites were also prepared using raw/grafted cellulosic polymers. 24607164 4 13 theme swelling 681:688 arg1 studies 690:696 The swelling studies 677:696 The swelling studies of the grafted cellulosic polymers 677:731 The swelling studies of the grafted cellulosic polymers have been carried out in different solvents to assess the possible applicability of these natural polymers. 24607164 0 14 theme Graft 0:4 arg1 copolymers 6:15 Graft copolymers 0:15 Graft copolymers of natural fibers for green composites 0:54 Graft copolymers of natural fibers for green composites. 24607164 1 15 theme many 253:256 arg1 applications 264:275 many other applications 253:275 many other applications 253:275 In the present study, free radical induced graft-copolymerization of natural cellulosic polymers (Grewia optiva) has been carried out to develop the novel materials meant for green composites and many other applications. 24607164 6 16 theme parent 1036:1041 arg1 polymers 1062:1069 the parent natural cellulosic polymers 1032:1069 the parent natural cellulosic polymers based composites 1032:1086 It has been found that grafted polymers (Grewia optiva) based green composites gives better tensile properties than the parent natural cellulosic polymers based composites. 24607164 2 17 theme graft 289:293 arg1 copolymer 295:303 the graft copolymer 285:303 the graft copolymer 285:303 During the graft copolymer synthesis diverse reaction parameters that significantly affect the percentage of grafting were optimized. 24607164 3 18 theme thermal 428:434 arg1 changes 457:463 The structural, thermal and physico-chemical changes 412:463 The structural, thermal and physico-chemical changes in the natural cellulosic polymers based graft copolymers 412:521 The structural, thermal and physico-chemical changes in the natural cellulosic polymers based graft copolymers have been ascertained with scanning electron micrography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and swelling studies. 24607164 0 19 theme natural 20:26 arg1 fibers 28:33 natural fibers 20:33 natural fibers 20:33 Graft copolymers of natural fibers for green composites. 24607164 1 20 theme other 258:262 arg1 applications 264:275 many other applications 253:275 many other applications 253:275 In the present study, free radical induced graft-copolymerization of natural cellulosic polymers (Grewia optiva) has been carried out to develop the novel materials meant for green composites and many other applications. 24607164 1 21 theme free 79:82 arg1 radical 84:90 free radical 79:90 free radical induced graft-copolymerization of natural cellulosic polymers (Grewia optiva) 79:168 In the present study, free radical induced graft-copolymerization of natural cellulosic polymers (Grewia optiva) has been carried out to develop the novel materials meant for green composites and many other applications. 24607164 4 22 theme different 758:766 arg1 solvents 768:775 different solvents 758:775 different solvents 758:775 The swelling studies of the grafted cellulosic polymers have been carried out in different solvents to assess the possible applicability of these natural polymers. 24607164 6 23 theme better 1001:1006 arg1 properties 1016:1025 better tensile properties 1001:1025 better tensile properties 1001:1025 It has been found that grafted polymers (Grewia optiva) based green composites gives better tensile properties than the parent natural cellulosic polymers based composites. 24607164 6 24 dep based 972:976 arg1 green 978:982 green 978:982 green 978:982 It has been found that grafted polymers (Grewia optiva) based green composites gives better tensile properties than the parent natural cellulosic polymers based composites. 24607164 6 24 dep based 972:976 arg1 composites 984:993 composites 984:993 composites 984:993 It has been found that grafted polymers (Grewia optiva) based green composites gives better tensile properties than the parent natural cellulosic polymers based composites. 24607164 6 24 dep based 972:976 arg1 polymers 947:954 grafted polymers 939:954 grafted polymers (Grewia optiva) based green composites 939:993 It has been found that grafted polymers (Grewia optiva) based green composites gives better tensile properties than the parent natural cellulosic polymers based composites. 24607164 1 25 theme radical 84:90 arg1 graft-copolymerization 100:121 free radical induced graft-copolymerization 79:121 free radical induced graft-copolymerization of natural cellulosic polymers (Grewia optiva) 79:168 In the present study, free radical induced graft-copolymerization of natural cellulosic polymers (Grewia optiva) has been carried out to develop the novel materials meant for green composites and many other applications. 24607164 3 26 theme natural 472:478 arg1 graft 506:510 graft 506:510 graft 506:510 The structural, thermal and physico-chemical changes in the natural cellulosic polymers based graft copolymers have been ascertained with scanning electron micrography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and swelling studies. 24607164 3 26 theme natural 472:478 arg1 polymers 491:498 the natural cellulosic polymers 468:498 the natural cellulosic polymers based graft copolymers 468:521 The structural, thermal and physico-chemical changes in the natural cellulosic polymers based graft copolymers have been ascertained with scanning electron micrography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and swelling studies. 24607164 3 26 theme natural 472:478 arg1 copolymers 512:521 copolymers 512:521 copolymers 512:521 The structural, thermal and physico-chemical changes in the natural cellulosic polymers based graft copolymers have been ascertained with scanning electron micrography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and swelling studies. 24607164 3 27 theme thermogravimetric 622:638 arg1 TGA 650:652 TGA 650:652 TGA 650:652 The structural, thermal and physico-chemical changes in the natural cellulosic polymers based graft copolymers have been ascertained with scanning electron micrography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and swelling studies. 24607164 3 27 theme thermogravimetric 622:638 arg1 analysis 640:647 thermogravimetric analysis 622:647 thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 622:653 The structural, thermal and physico-chemical changes in the natural cellulosic polymers based graft copolymers have been ascertained with scanning electron micrography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and swelling studies. 24607164 5 28 theme raw/grafted 883:893 arg1 polymers 906:913 raw/grafted cellulosic polymers 883:913 raw/grafted cellulosic polymers 883:913 Green composites were also prepared using raw/grafted cellulosic polymers. 24607164 0 29 theme fibers 28:33 arg1 copolymers 6:15 Graft copolymers 0:15 Graft copolymers of natural fibers for green composites 0:54 Graft copolymers of natural fibers for green composites. 24607164 3 30 theme structural 416:425 arg1 changes 457:463 The structural, thermal and physico-chemical changes 412:463 The structural, thermal and physico-chemical changes in the natural cellulosic polymers based graft copolymers 412:521 The structural, thermal and physico-chemical changes in the natural cellulosic polymers based graft copolymers have been ascertained with scanning electron micrography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and swelling studies. 24607164 3 31 theme swelling 659:666 arg1 studies 668:674 swelling studies 659:674 swelling studies 659:674 The structural, thermal and physico-chemical changes in the natural cellulosic polymers based graft copolymers have been ascertained with scanning electron micrography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and swelling studies. 24607164 6 32 theme cellulosic 1051:1060 arg1 polymers 1062:1069 the parent natural cellulosic polymers 1032:1069 the parent natural cellulosic polymers based composites 1032:1086 It has been found that grafted polymers (Grewia optiva) based green composites gives better tensile properties than the parent natural cellulosic polymers based composites. 24607164 3 33 from changes 457:463 arg1 graft 506:510 graft 506:510 graft 506:510 The structural, thermal and physico-chemical changes in the natural cellulosic polymers based graft copolymers have been ascertained with scanning electron micrography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and swelling studies. 24607164 3 33 from changes 457:463 arg1 polymers 491:498 the natural cellulosic polymers 468:498 the natural cellulosic polymers based graft copolymers 468:521 The structural, thermal and physico-chemical changes in the natural cellulosic polymers based graft copolymers have been ascertained with scanning electron micrography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and swelling studies. 24607164 3 33 from changes 457:463 arg1 copolymers 512:521 copolymers 512:521 copolymers 512:521 The structural, thermal and physico-chemical changes in the natural cellulosic polymers based graft copolymers have been ascertained with scanning electron micrography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and swelling studies. 24607164 5 34 theme cellulosic 895:904 arg1 polymers 906:913 raw/grafted cellulosic polymers 883:913 raw/grafted cellulosic polymers 883:913 Green composites were also prepared using raw/grafted cellulosic polymers. 24607164 6 35 theme tensile 1008:1014 arg1 properties 1016:1025 better tensile properties 1001:1025 better tensile properties 1001:1025 It has been found that grafted polymers (Grewia optiva) based green composites gives better tensile properties than the parent natural cellulosic polymers based composites. 24607164 1 36 theme induced 92:98 arg1 graft-copolymerization 100:121 free radical induced graft-copolymerization 79:121 free radical induced graft-copolymerization of natural cellulosic polymers (Grewia optiva) 79:168 In the present study, free radical induced graft-copolymerization of natural cellulosic polymers (Grewia optiva) has been carried out to develop the novel materials meant for green composites and many other applications. 24607164 0 37 theme green 39:43 arg1 composites 45:54 green composites 39:54 green composites 39:54 Graft copolymers of natural fibers for green composites. 24607164 3 38 theme cellulosic 480:489 arg1 graft 506:510 graft 506:510 graft 506:510 The structural, thermal and physico-chemical changes in the natural cellulosic polymers based graft copolymers have been ascertained with scanning electron micrography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and swelling studies. 24607164 3 38 theme cellulosic 480:489 arg1 polymers 491:498 the natural cellulosic polymers 468:498 the natural cellulosic polymers based graft copolymers 468:521 The structural, thermal and physico-chemical changes in the natural cellulosic polymers based graft copolymers have been ascertained with scanning electron micrography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and swelling studies. 24607164 3 38 theme cellulosic 480:489 arg1 copolymers 512:521 copolymers 512:521 copolymers 512:521 The structural, thermal and physico-chemical changes in the natural cellulosic polymers based graft copolymers have been ascertained with scanning electron micrography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and swelling studies. 24607164 2 39 theme reaction 323:330 arg1 parameters 332:341 synthesis diverse reaction parameters 305:341 synthesis diverse reaction parameters that significantly affect the percentage of grafting 305:394 During the graft copolymer synthesis diverse reaction parameters that significantly affect the percentage of grafting were optimized. 24607164 4 40 theme natural 823:829 arg1 polymers 831:838 these natural polymers 817:838 these natural polymers 817:838 The swelling studies of the grafted cellulosic polymers have been carried out in different solvents to assess the possible applicability of these natural polymers. 24607164 4 41 theme grafted 705:711 arg1 polymers 724:731 the grafted cellulosic polymers 701:731 the grafted cellulosic polymers 701:731 The swelling studies of the grafted cellulosic polymers have been carried out in different solvents to assess the possible applicability of these natural polymers. 24607164 2 42 theme diverse 315:321 arg1 parameters 332:341 synthesis diverse reaction parameters 305:341 synthesis diverse reaction parameters that significantly affect the percentage of grafting 305:394 During the graft copolymer synthesis diverse reaction parameters that significantly affect the percentage of grafting were optimized. 24607164 3 43 theme scanning 550:557 arg1 Fourier 581:587 Fourier 581:587 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and swelling studies 581:674 The structural, thermal and physico-chemical changes in the natural cellulosic polymers based graft copolymers have been ascertained with scanning electron micrography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and swelling studies. 24607164 3 43 theme scanning 550:557 arg1 micrography 568:578 scanning electron micrography 550:578 scanning electron micrography 550:578 The structural, thermal and physico-chemical changes in the natural cellulosic polymers based graft copolymers have been ascertained with scanning electron micrography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and swelling studies. 24607164 4 44 theme possible 791:798 arg1 applicability 800:812 the possible applicability 787:812 the possible applicability of these natural polymers 787:838 The swelling studies of the grafted cellulosic polymers have been carried out in different solvents to assess the possible applicability of these natural polymers. 24607164 2 45 theme synthesis 305:313 arg1 parameters 332:341 synthesis diverse reaction parameters 305:341 synthesis diverse reaction parameters that significantly affect the percentage of grafting 305:394 During the graft copolymer synthesis diverse reaction parameters that significantly affect the percentage of grafting were optimized. 24607164 1 46 theme novel 206:210 arg1 materials 212:220 the novel materials 202:220 the novel materials meant for green composites and many other applications 202:275 In the present study, free radical induced graft-copolymerization of natural cellulosic polymers (Grewia optiva) has been carried out to develop the novel materials meant for green composites and many other applications. 24607164 1 47 theme cellulosic 134:143 arg1 polymers 145:152 natural cellulosic polymers 126:152 natural cellulosic polymers (Grewia optiva) 126:168 In the present study, free radical induced graft-copolymerization of natural cellulosic polymers (Grewia optiva) has been carried out to develop the novel materials meant for green composites and many other applications. 24607164 1 47 theme cellulosic 134:143 arg1 optiva 162:167 optiva 162:167 optiva 162:167 In the present study, free radical induced graft-copolymerization of natural cellulosic polymers (Grewia optiva) has been carried out to develop the novel materials meant for green composites and many other applications. 24607164 3 48 theme physico-chemical 440:455 arg1 changes 457:463 The structural, thermal and physico-chemical changes 412:463 The structural, thermal and physico-chemical changes in the natural cellulosic polymers based graft copolymers 412:521 The structural, thermal and physico-chemical changes in the natural cellulosic polymers based graft copolymers have been ascertained with scanning electron micrography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and swelling studies. 24607164 4 49 theme polymers 831:838 arg1 applicability 800:812 the possible applicability 787:812 the possible applicability of these natural polymers 787:838 The swelling studies of the grafted cellulosic polymers have been carried out in different solvents to assess the possible applicability of these natural polymers. 24607164 1 50 theme polymers 145:152 arg1 graft-copolymerization 100:121 free radical induced graft-copolymerization 79:121 free radical induced graft-copolymerization of natural cellulosic polymers (Grewia optiva) 79:168 In the present study, free radical induced graft-copolymerization of natural cellulosic polymers (Grewia optiva) has been carried out to develop the novel materials meant for green composites and many other applications. 24607164 1 51 theme meant 222:226 arg1 materials 212:220 the novel materials 202:220 the novel materials meant for green composites and many other applications 202:275 In the present study, free radical induced graft-copolymerization of natural cellulosic polymers (Grewia optiva) has been carried out to develop the novel materials meant for green composites and many other applications. 25315489 5 0 theme HGA 827:829 arg1 gels 831:834 HGA gels 827:834 HGA gels 827:834 The mechanical properties of HGA gels were regulated through changes in polymer composition and calcium concentration. 25315489 5 1 from changes 859:865 arg1 composition 878:888 polymer composition 870:888 polymer composition 870:888 The mechanical properties of HGA gels were regulated through changes in polymer composition and calcium concentration. 25315489 5 1 from changes 859:865 arg1 concentration 902:914 calcium concentration 894:914 calcium concentration 894:914 The mechanical properties of HGA gels were regulated through changes in polymer composition and calcium concentration. 25315489 5 2 theme calcium 894:900 arg1 concentration 902:914 calcium concentration 894:914 calcium concentration 894:914 The mechanical properties of HGA gels were regulated through changes in polymer composition and calcium concentration. 25315489 6 3 theme dorsal 1050:1055 arg1 region 1057:1062 the dorsal region 1046:1062 the dorsal region 1046:1062 We also confirmed that HGA gels could be useful in regenerating cartilage in a mouse model following subcutaneous injection into the dorsal region with primary chondrocytes. 25315489 4 4 from reagents 751:758 arg1 gels 792:795 hyaluronate-g-alginate (HGA) gels 763:795 hyaluronate-g-alginate (HGA) gels 763:795 Here, we demonstrated ease of formation of cross-linked structures with calcium ions without additional chemical cross-linking reagents in hyaluronate-g-alginate (HGA) gels. 25315489 6 5 theme primary 1069:1075 arg1 chondrocytes 1077:1088 primary chondrocytes 1069:1088 primary chondrocytes 1069:1088 We also confirmed that HGA gels could be useful in regenerating cartilage in a mouse model following subcutaneous injection into the dorsal region with primary chondrocytes. 25315489 5 6 theme gels 831:834 arg1 properties 813:822 The mechanical properties 798:822 The mechanical properties of HGA gels 798:834 The mechanical properties of HGA gels were regulated through changes in polymer composition and calcium concentration. 25315489 6 7 theme regenerating 968:979 arg1 cartilage 981:989 regenerating cartilage 968:989 regenerating cartilage in a mouse model following subcutaneous injection into the dorsal region with primary chondrocytes 968:1088 We also confirmed that HGA gels could be useful in regenerating cartilage in a mouse model following subcutaneous injection into the dorsal region with primary chondrocytes. 25315489 8 8 dep design 1263:1268 arg1 the 1259:1261 the 1259:1261 the 1259:1261 This approach to the design and tailoring of ionically cross-linkable biomedical polymers may be broadly applicable to the development of biomaterials, especially in the drug delivery and tissue engineering fields. 25315489 7 9 theme marker 1218:1223 arg1 expression 1230:1239 chondrogenic marker gene expression 1205:1239 chondrogenic marker gene expression 1205:1239 This finding was supported by histological and immunohistochemical analyses, glycosaminoglycan quantification and chondrogenic marker gene expression. 25315489 6 10 with injection 1031:1039 arg1 chondrocytes 1077:1088 primary chondrocytes 1069:1088 primary chondrocytes 1069:1088 We also confirmed that HGA gels could be useful in regenerating cartilage in a mouse model following subcutaneous injection into the dorsal region with primary chondrocytes. 25315489 2 11 theme cross-linkable 354:367 arg1 compounds 381:389 ionically cross-linkable hyaluronate compounds 344:389 ionically cross-linkable hyaluronate compounds that can form gels in the presence of counter-ions 344:440 We thus propose to design and prepare ionically cross-linkable hyaluronate compounds that can form gels in the presence of counter-ions. 25315489 7 12 theme gene 1225:1228 arg1 expression 1230:1239 chondrogenic marker gene expression 1205:1239 chondrogenic marker gene expression 1205:1239 This finding was supported by histological and immunohistochemical analyses, glycosaminoglycan quantification and chondrogenic marker gene expression. 25315489 6 13 from cartilage 981:989 arg1 model 1002:1006 a mouse model 994:1006 a mouse model 994:1006 We also confirmed that HGA gels could be useful in regenerating cartilage in a mouse model following subcutaneous injection into the dorsal region with primary chondrocytes. 25315489 6 13 from cartilage 981:989 arg1 useful 958:963 useful 958:963 useful 958:963 We also confirmed that HGA gels could be useful in regenerating cartilage in a mouse model following subcutaneous injection into the dorsal region with primary chondrocytes. 25315489 4 14 theme HGA 787:789 arg1 gels 792:795 hyaluronate-g-alginate (HGA) gels 763:795 hyaluronate-g-alginate (HGA) gels 763:795 Here, we demonstrated ease of formation of cross-linked structures with calcium ions without additional chemical cross-linking reagents in hyaluronate-g-alginate (HGA) gels. 25315489 6 15 from useful 958:963 arg1 cartilage 981:989 regenerating cartilage 968:989 regenerating cartilage in a mouse model following subcutaneous injection into the dorsal region with primary chondrocytes 968:1088 We also confirmed that HGA gels could be useful in regenerating cartilage in a mouse model following subcutaneous injection into the dorsal region with primary chondrocytes. 25315489 8 16 theme drug 1412:1415 arg1 delivery 1417:1424 the drug delivery 1408:1424 the drug delivery 1408:1424 This approach to the design and tailoring of ionically cross-linkable biomedical polymers may be broadly applicable to the development of biomaterials, especially in the drug delivery and tissue engineering fields. 25315489 8 17 theme biomaterials 1380:1391 arg1 development 1365:1375 the development 1361:1375 the development of biomaterials 1361:1391 This approach to the design and tailoring of ionically cross-linkable biomedical polymers may be broadly applicable to the development of biomaterials, especially in the drug delivery and tissue engineering fields. 25315489 3 18 theme gel 577:579 arg1 formation 581:589 gel formation 577:589 gel formation 577:589 This study is based on the hypothesis that introduction of alginate to hyaluronate backbones (hyaluronate-g-alginate) could allow for gel formation in the presence of calcium ions. 25315489 4 19 theme additional 717:726 arg1 reagents 751:758 additional chemical cross-linking reagents 717:758 additional chemical cross-linking reagents in hyaluronate-g-alginate (HGA) gels 717:795 Here, we demonstrated ease of formation of cross-linked structures with calcium ions without additional chemical cross-linking reagents in hyaluronate-g-alginate (HGA) gels. 25315489 5 20 theme mechanical 802:811 arg1 properties 813:822 The mechanical properties 798:822 The mechanical properties of HGA gels 798:834 The mechanical properties of HGA gels were regulated through changes in polymer composition and calcium concentration. 25315489 7 21 theme chondrogenic 1205:1216 arg1 expression 1230:1239 chondrogenic marker gene expression 1205:1239 chondrogenic marker gene expression 1205:1239 This finding was supported by histological and immunohistochemical analyses, glycosaminoglycan quantification and chondrogenic marker gene expression. 25315489 2 22 theme counter-ions 429:440 arg1 presence 417:424 the presence 413:424 the presence of counter-ions 413:440 We thus propose to design and prepare ionically cross-linkable hyaluronate compounds that can form gels in the presence of counter-ions. 25315489 0 23 theme cross-linkable 10:23 arg1 hydrogels 43:51 cross-linkable hyaluronate-based hydrogels 10:51 cross-linkable hyaluronate-based hydrogels for injectable cell delivery 10:80 Ionically cross-linkable hyaluronate-based hydrogels for injectable cell delivery. 25315489 6 24 theme subcutaneous 1018:1029 arg1 injection 1031:1039 subcutaneous injection 1018:1039 subcutaneous injection into the dorsal region with primary chondrocytes 1018:1088 We also confirmed that HGA gels could be useful in regenerating cartilage in a mouse model following subcutaneous injection into the dorsal region with primary chondrocytes. 25315489 7 25 theme glycosaminoglycan 1168:1184 arg1 quantification 1186:1199 glycosaminoglycan quantification 1168:1199 glycosaminoglycan quantification 1168:1199 This finding was supported by histological and immunohistochemical analyses, glycosaminoglycan quantification and chondrogenic marker gene expression. 25315489 3 26 theme calcium 610:616 arg1 ions 618:621 calcium ions 610:621 calcium ions 610:621 This study is based on the hypothesis that introduction of alginate to hyaluronate backbones (hyaluronate-g-alginate) could allow for gel formation in the presence of calcium ions. 25315489 1 27 theme chemical 216:223 arg1 toxicity 296:303 toxicity 296:303 toxicity 296:303 Although hyaluronate is an attractive biomaterial for many biomedical applications, hyaluronate hydrogels are generally formed using chemical cross-linking reagents that may cause unwanted side effects, including toxicity. 25315489 1 27 theme chemical 216:223 arg1 reagents 239:246 chemical cross-linking reagents 216:246 chemical cross-linking reagents 216:246 Although hyaluronate is an attractive biomaterial for many biomedical applications, hyaluronate hydrogels are generally formed using chemical cross-linking reagents that may cause unwanted side effects, including toxicity. 25315489 5 28 theme polymer 870:876 arg1 composition 878:888 polymer composition 870:888 polymer composition 870:888 The mechanical properties of HGA gels were regulated through changes in polymer composition and calcium concentration. 25315489 3 29 theme ions 618:621 arg1 presence 598:605 the presence 594:605 the presence of calcium ions 594:621 This study is based on the hypothesis that introduction of alginate to hyaluronate backbones (hyaluronate-g-alginate) could allow for gel formation in the presence of calcium ions. 25315489 1 30 theme cross-linking 225:237 arg1 toxicity 296:303 toxicity 296:303 toxicity 296:303 Although hyaluronate is an attractive biomaterial for many biomedical applications, hyaluronate hydrogels are generally formed using chemical cross-linking reagents that may cause unwanted side effects, including toxicity. 25315489 1 30 theme cross-linking 225:237 arg1 reagents 239:246 chemical cross-linking reagents 216:246 chemical cross-linking reagents 216:246 Although hyaluronate is an attractive biomaterial for many biomedical applications, hyaluronate hydrogels are generally formed using chemical cross-linking reagents that may cause unwanted side effects, including toxicity. 25315489 8 31 theme polymers 1323:1330 arg1 tailoring 1274:1282 tailoring 1274:1282 tailoring 1274:1282 This approach to the design and tailoring of ionically cross-linkable biomedical polymers may be broadly applicable to the development of biomaterials, especially in the drug delivery and tissue engineering fields. 25315489 8 31 theme polymers 1323:1330 arg1 design 1263:1268 design 1263:1268 design 1263:1268 This approach to the design and tailoring of ionically cross-linkable biomedical polymers may be broadly applicable to the development of biomaterials, especially in the drug delivery and tissue engineering fields. 25315489 3 32 theme alginate 502:509 arg1 introduction 486:497 introduction 486:497 introduction of alginate to hyaluronate backbones (hyaluronate-g-alginate) 486:559 This study is based on the hypothesis that introduction of alginate to hyaluronate backbones (hyaluronate-g-alginate) could allow for gel formation in the presence of calcium ions. 25315489 1 33 theme attractive 110:119 arg1 hyaluronate 92:102 hyaluronate 92:102 hyaluronate 92:102 Although hyaluronate is an attractive biomaterial for many biomedical applications, hyaluronate hydrogels are generally formed using chemical cross-linking reagents that may cause unwanted side effects, including toxicity. 25315489 1 33 theme attractive 110:119 arg1 biomaterial 121:131 an attractive biomaterial 107:131 an attractive biomaterial for many biomedical applications 107:164 Although hyaluronate is an attractive biomaterial for many biomedical applications, hyaluronate hydrogels are generally formed using chemical cross-linking reagents that may cause unwanted side effects, including toxicity. 25315489 6 34 theme HGA 940:942 arg1 gels 944:947 HGA gels 940:947 HGA gels 940:947 We also confirmed that HGA gels could be useful in regenerating cartilage in a mouse model following subcutaneous injection into the dorsal region with primary chondrocytes. 25315489 4 35 theme cross-linking 737:749 arg1 reagents 751:758 additional chemical cross-linking reagents 717:758 additional chemical cross-linking reagents in hyaluronate-g-alginate (HGA) gels 717:795 Here, we demonstrated ease of formation of cross-linked structures with calcium ions without additional chemical cross-linking reagents in hyaluronate-g-alginate (HGA) gels. 25315489 0 36 theme injectable 57:66 arg1 delivery 73:80 injectable cell delivery 57:80 injectable cell delivery 57:80 Ionically cross-linkable hyaluronate-based hydrogels for injectable cell delivery. 25315489 4 37 theme hyaluronate-g-alginate 763:784 arg1 gels 792:795 hyaluronate-g-alginate (HGA) gels 763:795 hyaluronate-g-alginate (HGA) gels 763:795 Here, we demonstrated ease of formation of cross-linked structures with calcium ions without additional chemical cross-linking reagents in hyaluronate-g-alginate (HGA) gels. 25315489 4 38 with formation 654:662 arg1 ions 704:707 calcium ions 696:707 calcium ions without additional chemical cross-linking reagents in hyaluronate-g-alginate (HGA) gels 696:795 Here, we demonstrated ease of formation of cross-linked structures with calcium ions without additional chemical cross-linking reagents in hyaluronate-g-alginate (HGA) gels. 25315489 8 39 theme biomedical 1312:1321 arg1 polymers 1323:1330 ionically cross-linkable biomedical polymers 1287:1330 ionically cross-linkable biomedical polymers 1287:1330 This approach to the design and tailoring of ionically cross-linkable biomedical polymers may be broadly applicable to the development of biomaterials, especially in the drug delivery and tissue engineering fields. 25315489 7 40 theme immunohistochemical 1138:1156 arg1 analyses 1158:1165 histological and immunohistochemical analyses 1121:1165 histological and immunohistochemical analyses 1121:1165 This finding was supported by histological and immunohistochemical analyses, glycosaminoglycan quantification and chondrogenic marker gene expression. 25315489 8 41 theme tissue 1430:1435 arg1 engineering 1437:1447 tissue engineering 1430:1447 tissue engineering 1430:1447 This approach to the design and tailoring of ionically cross-linkable biomedical polymers may be broadly applicable to the development of biomaterials, especially in the drug delivery and tissue engineering fields. 25315489 4 42 theme structures 680:689 arg1 formation 654:662 formation 654:662 formation of cross-linked structures with calcium ions without additional chemical cross-linking reagents in hyaluronate-g-alginate (HGA) gels 654:795 Here, we demonstrated ease of formation of cross-linked structures with calcium ions without additional chemical cross-linking reagents in hyaluronate-g-alginate (HGA) gels. 25315489 8 43 from development 1365:1375 arg1 delivery 1417:1424 the drug delivery 1408:1424 the drug delivery 1408:1424 This approach to the design and tailoring of ionically cross-linkable biomedical polymers may be broadly applicable to the development of biomaterials, especially in the drug delivery and tissue engineering fields. 25315489 8 43 from development 1365:1375 arg1 engineering 1437:1447 tissue engineering 1430:1447 tissue engineering 1430:1447 This approach to the design and tailoring of ionically cross-linkable biomedical polymers may be broadly applicable to the development of biomaterials, especially in the drug delivery and tissue engineering fields. 25315489 1 44 theme many 137:140 arg1 applications 153:164 many biomedical applications 137:164 many biomedical applications 137:164 Although hyaluronate is an attractive biomaterial for many biomedical applications, hyaluronate hydrogels are generally formed using chemical cross-linking reagents that may cause unwanted side effects, including toxicity. 25315489 0 45 theme cell 68:71 arg1 delivery 73:80 injectable cell delivery 57:80 injectable cell delivery 57:80 Ionically cross-linkable hyaluronate-based hydrogels for injectable cell delivery. 25315489 6 46 theme mouse 996:1000 arg1 model 1002:1006 a mouse model 994:1006 a mouse model 994:1006 We also confirmed that HGA gels could be useful in regenerating cartilage in a mouse model following subcutaneous injection into the dorsal region with primary chondrocytes. 25315489 7 47 theme histological 1121:1132 arg1 analyses 1158:1165 histological and immunohistochemical analyses 1121:1165 histological and immunohistochemical analyses 1121:1165 This finding was supported by histological and immunohistochemical analyses, glycosaminoglycan quantification and chondrogenic marker gene expression. 25315489 1 48 theme biomedical 142:151 arg1 applications 153:164 many biomedical applications 137:164 many biomedical applications 137:164 Although hyaluronate is an attractive biomaterial for many biomedical applications, hyaluronate hydrogels are generally formed using chemical cross-linking reagents that may cause unwanted side effects, including toxicity. 25315489 8 49 theme cross-linkable 1297:1310 arg1 polymers 1323:1330 ionically cross-linkable biomedical polymers 1287:1330 ionically cross-linkable biomedical polymers 1287:1330 This approach to the design and tailoring of ionically cross-linkable biomedical polymers may be broadly applicable to the development of biomaterials, especially in the drug delivery and tissue engineering fields. 25315489 3 50 theme hyaluronate 514:524 arg1 hyaluronate-g-alginate 537:558 hyaluronate-g-alginate 537:558 hyaluronate-g-alginate 537:558 This study is based on the hypothesis that introduction of alginate to hyaluronate backbones (hyaluronate-g-alginate) could allow for gel formation in the presence of calcium ions. 25315489 3 50 theme hyaluronate 514:524 arg1 backbones 526:534 hyaluronate backbones 514:534 hyaluronate backbones (hyaluronate-g-alginate) 514:559 This study is based on the hypothesis that introduction of alginate to hyaluronate backbones (hyaluronate-g-alginate) could allow for gel formation in the presence of calcium ions. 25315489 1 51 theme unwanted 263:270 arg1 effects 277:283 unwanted side effects 263:283 unwanted side effects 263:283 Although hyaluronate is an attractive biomaterial for many biomedical applications, hyaluronate hydrogels are generally formed using chemical cross-linking reagents that may cause unwanted side effects, including toxicity. 25315489 8 52 dep delivery 1417:1424 arg1 fields 1449:1454 fields 1449:1454 fields 1449:1454 This approach to the design and tailoring of ionically cross-linkable biomedical polymers may be broadly applicable to the development of biomaterials, especially in the drug delivery and tissue engineering fields. 25315489 2 53 theme hyaluronate 369:379 arg1 compounds 381:389 ionically cross-linkable hyaluronate compounds 344:389 ionically cross-linkable hyaluronate compounds that can form gels in the presence of counter-ions 344:440 We thus propose to design and prepare ionically cross-linkable hyaluronate compounds that can form gels in the presence of counter-ions. 25315489 1 54 theme side 272:275 arg1 effects 277:283 unwanted side effects 263:283 unwanted side effects 263:283 Although hyaluronate is an attractive biomaterial for many biomedical applications, hyaluronate hydrogels are generally formed using chemical cross-linking reagents that may cause unwanted side effects, including toxicity. 25315489 4 55 link cross-linked 667:678 arg1 structures 680:689 cross-linked structures 667:689 cross-linked structures 667:689 Here, we demonstrated ease of formation of cross-linked structures with calcium ions without additional chemical cross-linking reagents in hyaluronate-g-alginate (HGA) gels. 25315489 4 56 theme cross-linked 667:678 arg1 structures 680:689 cross-linked structures 667:689 cross-linked structures 667:689 Here, we demonstrated ease of formation of cross-linked structures with calcium ions without additional chemical cross-linking reagents in hyaluronate-g-alginate (HGA) gels. 25315489 1 57 theme hyaluronate 167:177 arg1 hydrogels 179:187 hyaluronate hydrogels 167:187 hyaluronate hydrogels 167:187 Although hyaluronate is an attractive biomaterial for many biomedical applications, hyaluronate hydrogels are generally formed using chemical cross-linking reagents that may cause unwanted side effects, including toxicity. 25315489 4 58 theme calcium 696:702 arg1 ions 704:707 calcium ions 696:707 calcium ions without additional chemical cross-linking reagents in hyaluronate-g-alginate (HGA) gels 696:795 Here, we demonstrated ease of formation of cross-linked structures with calcium ions without additional chemical cross-linking reagents in hyaluronate-g-alginate (HGA) gels. 25315489 4 59 theme formation 654:662 arg1 ease 646:649 ease 646:649 ease of formation of cross-linked structures with calcium ions without additional chemical cross-linking reagents in hyaluronate-g-alginate (HGA) gels 646:795 Here, we demonstrated ease of formation of cross-linked structures with calcium ions without additional chemical cross-linking reagents in hyaluronate-g-alginate (HGA) gels. 25315489 0 60 theme hyaluronate-based 25:41 arg1 hydrogels 43:51 cross-linkable hyaluronate-based hydrogels 10:51 cross-linkable hyaluronate-based hydrogels for injectable cell delivery 10:80 Ionically cross-linkable hyaluronate-based hydrogels for injectable cell delivery. 25315489 4 61 theme chemical 728:735 arg1 reagents 751:758 additional chemical cross-linking reagents 717:758 additional chemical cross-linking reagents in hyaluronate-g-alginate (HGA) gels 717:795 Here, we demonstrated ease of formation of cross-linked structures with calcium ions without additional chemical cross-linking reagents in hyaluronate-g-alginate (HGA) gels. 24910907 4 0 theme pH 653:654 arg1 adsorption 580:589 Their adsorption 574:589 Their adsorption toward Cu(II) ions 574:608 Their adsorption toward Cu(II) ions was investigated as a function of solution pH, degree of cross-linking, equilibrium Cu(II) ions concentration and contact time. 24910907 4 0 theme pH 653:654 arg1 function 632:639 a function 630:639 a function of solution pH, degree of cross-linking, equilibrium Cu(II) ions concentration and contact time 630:735 Their adsorption toward Cu(II) ions was investigated as a function of solution pH, degree of cross-linking, equilibrium Cu(II) ions concentration and contact time. 24910907 1 1 theme heavy 220:224 arg1 removal 236:242 heavy metal ion removal 220:242 heavy metal ion removal 220:242 In order to accelerate the kinetics and improve the utilization of the surface active groups of chitosan (CS) for heavy metal ion removal, sub-micron-sized polystyrene supported chitosan thin-film was synthesized by the electrostatic assembly method. 24910907 1 2 theme electrostatic 326:338 arg1 method 349:354 the electrostatic assembly method 322:354 the electrostatic assembly method 322:354 In order to accelerate the kinetics and improve the utilization of the surface active groups of chitosan (CS) for heavy metal ion removal, sub-micron-sized polystyrene supported chitosan thin-film was synthesized by the electrostatic assembly method. 24910907 4 3 theme solution 644:651 arg1 degree 657:662 degree 657:662 degree of cross-linking 657:679 Their adsorption toward Cu(II) ions was investigated as a function of solution pH, degree of cross-linking, equilibrium Cu(II) ions concentration and contact time. 24910907 4 3 theme solution 644:651 arg1 pH 653:654 solution pH 644:654 solution pH 644:654 Their adsorption toward Cu(II) ions was investigated as a function of solution pH, degree of cross-linking, equilibrium Cu(II) ions concentration and contact time. 24910907 4 3 theme solution 644:651 arg1 ions 701:704 equilibrium Cu(II) ions 682:704 equilibrium Cu(II) ions concentration and contact time 682:735 Their adsorption toward Cu(II) ions was investigated as a function of solution pH, degree of cross-linking, equilibrium Cu(II) ions concentration and contact time. 24910907 8 4 theme adsorption 1303:1312 arg1 due 1326:1328 due 1326:1328 due 1326:1328 The XPS analysis confirmed that the adsorption process was due to surface complexes with atoms of chitosan. 24910907 8 4 theme adsorption 1303:1312 arg1 process 1314:1320 the adsorption process 1299:1320 the adsorption process 1299:1320 The XPS analysis confirmed that the adsorption process was due to surface complexes with atoms of chitosan. 24910907 1 5 theme metal 226:230 arg1 removal 236:242 heavy metal ion removal 220:242 heavy metal ion removal 220:242 In order to accelerate the kinetics and improve the utilization of the surface active groups of chitosan (CS) for heavy metal ion removal, sub-micron-sized polystyrene supported chitosan thin-film was synthesized by the electrostatic assembly method. 24910907 7 6 theme regenerated 1120:1130 arg1 beads 1142:1146 the regenerated composite beads 1116:1146 the regenerated composite beads 1116:1146 Continuous adsorption-desorption cyclic results demonstrated that Cu(II)-loaded PS-CS can be effectively regenerated by a hydrochloric acid solution (HCl), and the regenerated composite beads could be employed for repeated use without significant capacity loss, indicating the good stability of the adsorbents. 24910907 1 7 theme assembly 340:347 arg1 method 349:354 the electrostatic assembly method 322:354 the electrostatic assembly method 322:354 In order to accelerate the kinetics and improve the utilization of the surface active groups of chitosan (CS) for heavy metal ion removal, sub-micron-sized polystyrene supported chitosan thin-film was synthesized by the electrostatic assembly method. 24910907 8 8 theme XPS 1271:1273 arg1 analysis 1275:1282 The XPS analysis 1267:1282 The XPS analysis 1267:1282 The XPS analysis confirmed that the adsorption process was due to surface complexes with atoms of chitosan. 24910907 4 9 theme Cu 694:695 arg1 time 732:735 contact time 724:735 contact time 724:735 Their adsorption toward Cu(II) ions was investigated as a function of solution pH, degree of cross-linking, equilibrium Cu(II) ions concentration and contact time. 24910907 4 9 theme Cu 694:695 arg1 pH 653:654 solution pH 644:654 solution pH 644:654 Their adsorption toward Cu(II) ions was investigated as a function of solution pH, degree of cross-linking, equilibrium Cu(II) ions concentration and contact time. 24910907 4 9 theme Cu 694:695 arg1 ions 701:704 equilibrium Cu(II) ions 682:704 equilibrium Cu(II) ions concentration and contact time 682:735 Their adsorption toward Cu(II) ions was investigated as a function of solution pH, degree of cross-linking, equilibrium Cu(II) ions concentration and contact time. 24910907 4 9 theme Cu 694:695 arg1 concentration 706:718 concentration 706:718 concentration 706:718 Their adsorption toward Cu(II) ions was investigated as a function of solution pH, degree of cross-linking, equilibrium Cu(II) ions concentration and contact time. 24910907 1 10 theme ion 232:234 arg1 removal 236:242 heavy metal ion removal 220:242 heavy metal ion removal 220:242 In order to accelerate the kinetics and improve the utilization of the surface active groups of chitosan (CS) for heavy metal ion removal, sub-micron-sized polystyrene supported chitosan thin-film was synthesized by the electrostatic assembly method. 24910907 0 11 theme copper 90:95 arg1 removal 97:103 copper removal 90:103 copper removal 90:103 Spherical polystyrene-supported chitosan thin film of fast kinetics and high capacity for copper removal. 24910907 9 12 theme promising 1418:1426 arg1 beads 1389:1393 PS beads 1386:1393 PS beads 1386:1393 Generally, PS beads could be employed as a promising host to fabricate efficient composites that originated from chitosan or other bio-sorbents for environmental remediation. 24910907 9 12 theme promising 1418:1426 arg1 host 1428:1431 a promising host 1416:1431 a promising host 1416:1431 Generally, PS beads could be employed as a promising host to fabricate efficient composites that originated from chitosan or other bio-sorbents for environmental remediation. 24910907 7 13 theme repeated 1170:1177 arg1 use 1179:1181 repeated use 1170:1181 repeated use without significant capacity loss 1170:1215 Continuous adsorption-desorption cyclic results demonstrated that Cu(II)-loaded PS-CS can be effectively regenerated by a hydrochloric acid solution (HCl), and the regenerated composite beads could be employed for repeated use without significant capacity loss, indicating the good stability of the adsorbents. 24910907 9 14 theme PS 1386:1387 arg1 beads 1389:1393 PS beads 1386:1393 PS beads 1386:1393 Generally, PS beads could be employed as a promising host to fabricate efficient composites that originated from chitosan or other bio-sorbents for environmental remediation. 24910907 9 14 theme PS 1386:1387 arg1 host 1428:1431 a promising host 1416:1431 a promising host 1416:1431 Generally, PS beads could be employed as a promising host to fabricate efficient composites that originated from chitosan or other bio-sorbents for environmental remediation. 24910907 7 15 theme capacity 1203:1210 arg1 loss 1212:1215 significant capacity loss 1191:1215 significant capacity loss 1191:1215 Continuous adsorption-desorption cyclic results demonstrated that Cu(II)-loaded PS-CS can be effectively regenerated by a hydrochloric acid solution (HCl), and the regenerated composite beads could be employed for repeated use without significant capacity loss, indicating the good stability of the adsorbents. 24910907 5 16 theme PS-CS 773:777 arg1 mg/g 788:791 99.8 mg/g 783:791 99.8 mg/g 783:791 The maximum adsorptive capacity of PS-CS was 99.8 mg/g in the adsorption isotherm study. 24910907 5 16 theme PS-CS 773:777 arg1 capacity 761:768 The maximum adsorptive capacity 738:768 The maximum adsorptive capacity of PS-CS 738:777 The maximum adsorptive capacity of PS-CS was 99.8 mg/g in the adsorption isotherm study. 24910907 3 17 theme polystyrene 464:474 arg1 beads 481:485 the polystyrene (PS) beads 460:485 the polystyrene (PS) beads characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) 460:571 Chitosan thin-film was well coated onto the surface of the polystyrene (PS) beads characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). 24910907 7 18 theme adsorbents 1255:1264 arg1 stability 1238:1246 the good stability 1229:1246 the good stability of the adsorbents 1229:1264 Continuous adsorption-desorption cyclic results demonstrated that Cu(II)-loaded PS-CS can be effectively regenerated by a hydrochloric acid solution (HCl), and the regenerated composite beads could be employed for repeated use without significant capacity loss, indicating the good stability of the adsorbents. 24910907 3 19 theme Chitosan 405:412 arg1 thin-film 414:422 Chitosan thin-film 405:422 Chitosan thin-film 405:422 Chitosan thin-film was well coated onto the surface of the polystyrene (PS) beads characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). 24910907 2 20 theme cross-linking 384:396 arg1 agent 398:402 cross-linking agent 384:402 cross-linking agent 384:402 Glutaraldehyde was used as cross-linking agent. 24910907 2 20 theme cross-linking 384:396 arg1 Glutaraldehyde 357:370 Glutaraldehyde 357:370 Glutaraldehyde 357:370 Glutaraldehyde was used as cross-linking agent. 24910907 3 21 theme dispersive 550:559 arg1 EDX 568:570 EDX 568:570 EDX 568:570 Chitosan thin-film was well coated onto the surface of the polystyrene (PS) beads characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). 24910907 3 21 theme dispersive 550:559 arg1 X-ray 561:565 energy dispersive X-ray 543:565 energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) 543:571 Chitosan thin-film was well coated onto the surface of the polystyrene (PS) beads characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). 24910907 4 22 dep ions 701:704 arg1 time 732:735 contact time 724:735 contact time 724:735 Their adsorption toward Cu(II) ions was investigated as a function of solution pH, degree of cross-linking, equilibrium Cu(II) ions concentration and contact time. 24910907 4 22 dep ions 701:704 arg1 ions 701:704 equilibrium Cu(II) ions 682:704 equilibrium Cu(II) ions concentration and contact time 682:735 Their adsorption toward Cu(II) ions was investigated as a function of solution pH, degree of cross-linking, equilibrium Cu(II) ions concentration and contact time. 24910907 4 22 dep ions 701:704 arg1 concentration 706:718 concentration 706:718 concentration 706:718 Their adsorption toward Cu(II) ions was investigated as a function of solution pH, degree of cross-linking, equilibrium Cu(II) ions concentration and contact time. 24910907 5 23 theme maximum 742:748 arg1 mg/g 788:791 99.8 mg/g 783:791 99.8 mg/g 783:791 The maximum adsorptive capacity of PS-CS was 99.8 mg/g in the adsorption isotherm study. 24910907 5 23 theme maximum 742:748 arg1 capacity 761:768 The maximum adsorptive capacity 738:768 The maximum adsorptive capacity of PS-CS 738:777 The maximum adsorptive capacity of PS-CS was 99.8 mg/g in the adsorption isotherm study. 24910907 7 24 theme -loaded 1028:1034 arg1 PS-CS 1036:1040 Cu(II)-loaded PS-CS 1022:1040 Cu(II)-loaded PS-CS 1022:1040 Continuous adsorption-desorption cyclic results demonstrated that Cu(II)-loaded PS-CS can be effectively regenerated by a hydrochloric acid solution (HCl), and the regenerated composite beads could be employed for repeated use without significant capacity loss, indicating the good stability of the adsorbents. 24910907 1 25 theme surface 177:183 arg1 groups 192:197 the surface active groups 173:197 the surface active groups of chitosan (CS) 173:214 In order to accelerate the kinetics and improve the utilization of the surface active groups of chitosan (CS) for heavy metal ion removal, sub-micron-sized polystyrene supported chitosan thin-film was synthesized by the electrostatic assembly method. 24910907 1 25 theme surface 177:183 arg1 CS 212:213 CS 212:213 CS 212:213 In order to accelerate the kinetics and improve the utilization of the surface active groups of chitosan (CS) for heavy metal ion removal, sub-micron-sized polystyrene supported chitosan thin-film was synthesized by the electrostatic assembly method. 24910907 1 25 theme surface 177:183 arg1 chitosan 202:209 chitosan 202:209 chitosan (CS) 202:214 In order to accelerate the kinetics and improve the utilization of the surface active groups of chitosan (CS) for heavy metal ion removal, sub-micron-sized polystyrene supported chitosan thin-film was synthesized by the electrostatic assembly method. 24910907 0 26 theme thin 41:44 arg1 film 46:49 chitosan thin film 32:49 chitosan thin film of fast kinetics 32:66 Spherical polystyrene-supported chitosan thin film of fast kinetics and high capacity for copper removal. 24910907 1 27 theme sub-micron-sized 245:260 arg1 thin-film 293:301 sub-micron-sized polystyrene supported chitosan thin-film 245:301 sub-micron-sized polystyrene supported chitosan thin-film 245:301 In order to accelerate the kinetics and improve the utilization of the surface active groups of chitosan (CS) for heavy metal ion removal, sub-micron-sized polystyrene supported chitosan thin-film was synthesized by the electrostatic assembly method. 24910907 9 28 theme other 1500:1504 arg1 bio-sorbents 1506:1517 other bio-sorbents 1500:1517 other bio-sorbents for environmental remediation 1500:1547 Generally, PS beads could be employed as a promising host to fabricate efficient composites that originated from chitosan or other bio-sorbents for environmental remediation. 24910907 1 29 theme active 185:190 arg1 groups 192:197 the surface active groups 173:197 the surface active groups of chitosan (CS) 173:214 In order to accelerate the kinetics and improve the utilization of the surface active groups of chitosan (CS) for heavy metal ion removal, sub-micron-sized polystyrene supported chitosan thin-film was synthesized by the electrostatic assembly method. 24910907 1 29 theme active 185:190 arg1 CS 212:213 CS 212:213 CS 212:213 In order to accelerate the kinetics and improve the utilization of the surface active groups of chitosan (CS) for heavy metal ion removal, sub-micron-sized polystyrene supported chitosan thin-film was synthesized by the electrostatic assembly method. 24910907 1 29 theme active 185:190 arg1 chitosan 202:209 chitosan 202:209 chitosan (CS) 202:214 In order to accelerate the kinetics and improve the utilization of the surface active groups of chitosan (CS) for heavy metal ion removal, sub-micron-sized polystyrene supported chitosan thin-film was synthesized by the electrostatic assembly method. 24910907 0 30 theme chitosan 32:39 arg1 film 46:49 chitosan thin film 32:49 chitosan thin film of fast kinetics 32:66 Spherical polystyrene-supported chitosan thin film of fast kinetics and high capacity for copper removal. 24910907 1 31 theme polystyrene 262:272 arg1 thin-film 293:301 sub-micron-sized polystyrene supported chitosan thin-film 245:301 sub-micron-sized polystyrene supported chitosan thin-film 245:301 In order to accelerate the kinetics and improve the utilization of the surface active groups of chitosan (CS) for heavy metal ion removal, sub-micron-sized polystyrene supported chitosan thin-film was synthesized by the electrostatic assembly method. 24910907 3 32 theme energy 543:548 arg1 EDX 568:570 EDX 568:570 EDX 568:570 Chitosan thin-film was well coated onto the surface of the polystyrene (PS) beads characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). 24910907 3 32 theme energy 543:548 arg1 X-ray 561:565 energy dispersive X-ray 543:565 energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) 543:571 Chitosan thin-film was well coated onto the surface of the polystyrene (PS) beads characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). 24910907 9 33 theme efficient 1446:1454 arg1 composites 1456:1465 efficient composites 1446:1465 efficient composites that originated from chitosan or other bio-sorbents for environmental remediation 1446:1547 Generally, PS beads could be employed as a promising host to fabricate efficient composites that originated from chitosan or other bio-sorbents for environmental remediation. 24910907 1 34 theme groups 192:197 arg1 utilization 158:168 the utilization 154:168 the utilization of the surface active groups of chitosan (CS) for heavy metal ion removal 154:242 In order to accelerate the kinetics and improve the utilization of the surface active groups of chitosan (CS) for heavy metal ion removal, sub-micron-sized polystyrene supported chitosan thin-film was synthesized by the electrostatic assembly method. 24910907 7 35 theme acid 1091:1094 arg1 HCl 1106:1108 HCl 1106:1108 HCl 1106:1108 Continuous adsorption-desorption cyclic results demonstrated that Cu(II)-loaded PS-CS can be effectively regenerated by a hydrochloric acid solution (HCl), and the regenerated composite beads could be employed for repeated use without significant capacity loss, indicating the good stability of the adsorbents. 24910907 7 35 theme acid 1091:1094 arg1 solution 1096:1103 a hydrochloric acid solution 1076:1103 a hydrochloric acid solution (HCl) 1076:1109 Continuous adsorption-desorption cyclic results demonstrated that Cu(II)-loaded PS-CS can be effectively regenerated by a hydrochloric acid solution (HCl), and the regenerated composite beads could be employed for repeated use without significant capacity loss, indicating the good stability of the adsorbents. 24910907 1 36 theme supported 274:282 arg1 thin-film 293:301 sub-micron-sized polystyrene supported chitosan thin-film 245:301 sub-micron-sized polystyrene supported chitosan thin-film 245:301 In order to accelerate the kinetics and improve the utilization of the surface active groups of chitosan (CS) for heavy metal ion removal, sub-micron-sized polystyrene supported chitosan thin-film was synthesized by the electrostatic assembly method. 24910907 8 37 theme chitosan 1365:1372 arg1 atoms 1356:1360 atoms 1356:1360 atoms of chitosan 1356:1372 The XPS analysis confirmed that the adsorption process was due to surface complexes with atoms of chitosan. 24910907 5 38 theme adsorption 800:809 arg1 study 820:824 the adsorption isotherm study 796:824 the adsorption isotherm study 796:824 The maximum adsorptive capacity of PS-CS was 99.8 mg/g in the adsorption isotherm study. 24910907 1 39 theme chitosan 284:291 arg1 thin-film 293:301 sub-micron-sized polystyrene supported chitosan thin-film 245:301 sub-micron-sized polystyrene supported chitosan thin-film 245:301 In order to accelerate the kinetics and improve the utilization of the surface active groups of chitosan (CS) for heavy metal ion removal, sub-micron-sized polystyrene supported chitosan thin-film was synthesized by the electrostatic assembly method. 24910907 7 40 theme Cu 1022:1023 arg1 PS-CS 1036:1040 Cu(II)-loaded PS-CS 1022:1040 Cu(II)-loaded PS-CS 1022:1040 Continuous adsorption-desorption cyclic results demonstrated that Cu(II)-loaded PS-CS can be effectively regenerated by a hydrochloric acid solution (HCl), and the regenerated composite beads could be employed for repeated use without significant capacity loss, indicating the good stability of the adsorbents. 24910907 7 41 theme hydrochloric 1078:1089 arg1 HCl 1106:1108 HCl 1106:1108 HCl 1106:1108 Continuous adsorption-desorption cyclic results demonstrated that Cu(II)-loaded PS-CS can be effectively regenerated by a hydrochloric acid solution (HCl), and the regenerated composite beads could be employed for repeated use without significant capacity loss, indicating the good stability of the adsorbents. 24910907 7 41 theme hydrochloric 1078:1089 arg1 solution 1096:1103 a hydrochloric acid solution 1076:1103 a hydrochloric acid solution (HCl) 1076:1109 Continuous adsorption-desorption cyclic results demonstrated that Cu(II)-loaded PS-CS can be effectively regenerated by a hydrochloric acid solution (HCl), and the regenerated composite beads could be employed for repeated use without significant capacity loss, indicating the good stability of the adsorbents. 24910907 5 42 theme adsorptive 750:759 arg1 mg/g 788:791 99.8 mg/g 783:791 99.8 mg/g 783:791 The maximum adsorptive capacity of PS-CS was 99.8 mg/g in the adsorption isotherm study. 24910907 5 42 theme adsorptive 750:759 arg1 capacity 761:768 The maximum adsorptive capacity 738:768 The maximum adsorptive capacity of PS-CS 738:777 The maximum adsorptive capacity of PS-CS was 99.8 mg/g in the adsorption isotherm study. 24910907 1 43 theme chitosan 202:209 arg1 groups 192:197 the surface active groups 173:197 the surface active groups of chitosan (CS) 173:214 In order to accelerate the kinetics and improve the utilization of the surface active groups of chitosan (CS) for heavy metal ion removal, sub-micron-sized polystyrene supported chitosan thin-film was synthesized by the electrostatic assembly method. 24910907 1 43 theme chitosan 202:209 arg1 CS 212:213 CS 212:213 CS 212:213 In order to accelerate the kinetics and improve the utilization of the surface active groups of chitosan (CS) for heavy metal ion removal, sub-micron-sized polystyrene supported chitosan thin-film was synthesized by the electrostatic assembly method. 24910907 1 43 theme chitosan 202:209 arg1 chitosan 202:209 chitosan 202:209 chitosan (CS) 202:214 In order to accelerate the kinetics and improve the utilization of the surface active groups of chitosan (CS) for heavy metal ion removal, sub-micron-sized polystyrene supported chitosan thin-film was synthesized by the electrostatic assembly method. 24910907 0 44 theme kinetics 59:66 arg1 capacity 77:84 high capacity 72:84 high capacity for copper removal 72:103 Spherical polystyrene-supported chitosan thin film of fast kinetics and high capacity for copper removal. 24910907 0 44 theme kinetics 59:66 arg1 film 46:49 chitosan thin film 32:49 chitosan thin film of fast kinetics 32:66 Spherical polystyrene-supported chitosan thin film of fast kinetics and high capacity for copper removal. 24910907 5 45 theme isotherm 811:818 arg1 study 820:824 the adsorption isotherm study 796:824 the adsorption isotherm study 796:824 The maximum adsorptive capacity of PS-CS was 99.8 mg/g in the adsorption isotherm study. 24910907 8 46 theme surface 1333:1339 arg1 complexes 1341:1349 surface complexes 1333:1349 surface complexes with atoms of chitosan 1333:1372 The XPS analysis confirmed that the adsorption process was due to surface complexes with atoms of chitosan. 24910907 7 47 theme Continuous 956:965 arg1 results 996:1002 Continuous adsorption-desorption cyclic results 956:1002 Continuous adsorption-desorption cyclic results 956:1002 Continuous adsorption-desorption cyclic results demonstrated that Cu(II)-loaded PS-CS can be effectively regenerated by a hydrochloric acid solution (HCl), and the regenerated composite beads could be employed for repeated use without significant capacity loss, indicating the good stability of the adsorbents. 24910907 0 48 theme fast 54:57 arg1 kinetics 59:66 fast kinetics 54:66 fast kinetics 54:66 Spherical polystyrene-supported chitosan thin film of fast kinetics and high capacity for copper removal. 24910907 7 49 theme composite 1132:1140 arg1 beads 1142:1146 the regenerated composite beads 1116:1146 the regenerated composite beads 1116:1146 Continuous adsorption-desorption cyclic results demonstrated that Cu(II)-loaded PS-CS can be effectively regenerated by a hydrochloric acid solution (HCl), and the regenerated composite beads could be employed for repeated use without significant capacity loss, indicating the good stability of the adsorbents. 24910907 3 50 theme beads 481:485 arg1 surface 449:455 the surface 445:455 the surface of the polystyrene (PS) beads characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) 445:571 Chitosan thin-film was well coated onto the surface of the polystyrene (PS) beads characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). 24910907 8 51 with complexes 1341:1349 arg1 atoms 1356:1360 atoms 1356:1360 atoms of chitosan 1356:1372 The XPS analysis confirmed that the adsorption process was due to surface complexes with atoms of chitosan. 24910907 7 52 theme adsorption-desorption 967:987 arg1 results 996:1002 Continuous adsorption-desorption cyclic results 956:1002 Continuous adsorption-desorption cyclic results 956:1002 Continuous adsorption-desorption cyclic results demonstrated that Cu(II)-loaded PS-CS can be effectively regenerated by a hydrochloric acid solution (HCl), and the regenerated composite beads could be employed for repeated use without significant capacity loss, indicating the good stability of the adsorbents. 24910907 4 53 theme equilibrium 682:692 arg1 Cu 694:695 equilibrium Cu 682:695 equilibrium Cu(II) ions concentration and contact time 682:735 Their adsorption toward Cu(II) ions was investigated as a function of solution pH, degree of cross-linking, equilibrium Cu(II) ions concentration and contact time. 24910907 4 53 theme equilibrium 682:692 arg1 II 697:698 II 697:698 II 697:698 Their adsorption toward Cu(II) ions was investigated as a function of solution pH, degree of cross-linking, equilibrium Cu(II) ions concentration and contact time. 24910907 4 54 theme contact 724:730 arg1 time 732:735 contact time 724:735 contact time 724:735 Their adsorption toward Cu(II) ions was investigated as a function of solution pH, degree of cross-linking, equilibrium Cu(II) ions concentration and contact time. 24910907 4 54 theme contact 724:730 arg1 ions 701:704 equilibrium Cu(II) ions 682:704 equilibrium Cu(II) ions concentration and contact time 682:735 Their adsorption toward Cu(II) ions was investigated as a function of solution pH, degree of cross-linking, equilibrium Cu(II) ions concentration and contact time. 24910907 9 55 theme environmental 1523:1535 arg1 remediation 1537:1547 environmental remediation 1523:1547 environmental remediation 1523:1547 Generally, PS beads could be employed as a promising host to fabricate efficient composites that originated from chitosan or other bio-sorbents for environmental remediation. 24910907 4 56 theme cross-linking 667:679 arg1 degree 657:662 degree 657:662 degree of cross-linking 657:679 Their adsorption toward Cu(II) ions was investigated as a function of solution pH, degree of cross-linking, equilibrium Cu(II) ions concentration and contact time. 24910907 4 56 theme cross-linking 667:679 arg1 pH 653:654 solution pH 644:654 solution pH 644:654 Their adsorption toward Cu(II) ions was investigated as a function of solution pH, degree of cross-linking, equilibrium Cu(II) ions concentration and contact time. 24910907 7 57 theme cyclic 989:994 arg1 results 996:1002 Continuous adsorption-desorption cyclic results 956:1002 Continuous adsorption-desorption cyclic results 956:1002 Continuous adsorption-desorption cyclic results demonstrated that Cu(II)-loaded PS-CS can be effectively regenerated by a hydrochloric acid solution (HCl), and the regenerated composite beads could be employed for repeated use without significant capacity loss, indicating the good stability of the adsorbents. 24910907 2 58 used used 376:379 arg2 Glutaraldehyde 357:370 Glutaraldehyde 357:370 Glutaraldehyde 357:370 Glutaraldehyde was used as cross-linking agent. 24910907 2 58 used used 376:379 arg2 agent 398:402 cross-linking agent 384:402 cross-linking agent 384:402 Glutaraldehyde was used as cross-linking agent. 24910907 3 59 theme PS 477:478 arg1 beads 481:485 the polystyrene (PS) beads 460:485 the polystyrene (PS) beads characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) 460:571 Chitosan thin-film was well coated onto the surface of the polystyrene (PS) beads characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). 24910907 7 60 theme significant 1191:1201 arg1 loss 1212:1215 significant capacity loss 1191:1215 significant capacity loss 1191:1215 Continuous adsorption-desorption cyclic results demonstrated that Cu(II)-loaded PS-CS can be effectively regenerated by a hydrochloric acid solution (HCl), and the regenerated composite beads could be employed for repeated use without significant capacity loss, indicating the good stability of the adsorbents. 24910907 0 61 theme high 72:75 arg1 capacity 77:84 high capacity 72:84 high capacity for copper removal 72:103 Spherical polystyrene-supported chitosan thin film of fast kinetics and high capacity for copper removal. 24910907 7 62 theme good 1233:1236 arg1 stability 1238:1246 the good stability 1229:1246 the good stability of the adsorbents 1229:1264 Continuous adsorption-desorption cyclic results demonstrated that Cu(II)-loaded PS-CS can be effectively regenerated by a hydrochloric acid solution (HCl), and the regenerated composite beads could be employed for repeated use without significant capacity loss, indicating the good stability of the adsorbents. 24910907 3 63 theme scanning 504:511 arg1 SEM 534:536 SEM 534:536 SEM 534:536 Chitosan thin-film was well coated onto the surface of the polystyrene (PS) beads characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). 24910907 3 63 theme scanning 504:511 arg1 microscopy 522:531 scanning electron microscopy 504:531 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 504:537 Chitosan thin-film was well coated onto the surface of the polystyrene (PS) beads characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). 24910907 4 64 theme Cu 598:599 arg1 ions 605:608 Cu(II) ions 598:608 Cu(II) ions 598:608 Their adsorption toward Cu(II) ions was investigated as a function of solution pH, degree of cross-linking, equilibrium Cu(II) ions concentration and contact time. 24910907 6 65 theme superior 910:917 arg1 properties 919:928 superior properties 910:928 superior properties 910:928 More attractively, the adsorption equilibrium was achieved in 10 min, which showed superior properties among similar adsorbents. 24910907 6 66 theme adsorption 850:859 arg1 equilibrium 861:871 the adsorption equilibrium 846:871 the adsorption equilibrium 846:871 More attractively, the adsorption equilibrium was achieved in 10 min, which showed superior properties among similar adsorbents. 24910907 5 67 from mg/g 788:791 arg1 study 820:824 the adsorption isotherm study 796:824 the adsorption isotherm study 796:824 The maximum adsorptive capacity of PS-CS was 99.8 mg/g in the adsorption isotherm study. 24910907 3 68 theme electron 513:520 arg1 SEM 534:536 SEM 534:536 SEM 534:536 Chitosan thin-film was well coated onto the surface of the polystyrene (PS) beads characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). 24910907 3 68 theme electron 513:520 arg1 microscopy 522:531 scanning electron microscopy 504:531 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 504:537 Chitosan thin-film was well coated onto the surface of the polystyrene (PS) beads characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). 24910907 6 69 theme similar 936:942 arg1 adsorbents 944:953 similar adsorbents 936:953 similar adsorbents 936:953 More attractively, the adsorption equilibrium was achieved in 10 min, which showed superior properties among similar adsorbents. 26273255 9 0 theme culture 1136:1142 arg1 h 1131:1131 96 h 1128:1131 96 h of culture 1128:1142 The highest EPS (42.4 g/L, after 96 h of culture) was obtained using a ratio of WWFP and WWOC2 of 50:50 (v:v). 26273255 8 1 theme company 936:942 arg1 wastewater 944:953 the oil company wastewater 928:953 the oil company wastewater (WWOC2) 928:961 The use of a mixture of the oil company wastewater (WWOC2) and the fish processing wastewater (WWFP) as culture medium affected not only the rhizobial strain growth, but also EPS production. 26273255 8 1 theme company 936:942 arg1 WWOC2 956:960 WWOC2 956:960 WWOC2 956:960 The use of a mixture of the oil company wastewater (WWOC2) and the fish processing wastewater (WWFP) as culture medium affected not only the rhizobial strain growth, but also EPS production. 26273255 2 2 theme Erlenmeyer 340:349 arg1 flasks 351:356 Erlenmeyer flasks 340:356 Erlenmeyer flasks 340:356 The results obtained in Erlenmeyer flasks indicated that the rhizobial strain grew well in industrial wastewater. 26273255 9 3 dep EPS 1107:1109 arg1 g/L 1117:1119 42.4 g/L 1112:1119 42.4 g/L 1112:1119 The highest EPS (42.4 g/L, after 96 h of culture) was obtained using a ratio of WWFP and WWOC2 of 50:50 (v:v). 26273255 4 4 theme standard 577:584 arg1 medium 586:591 the standard medium 573:591 the standard medium (YMB) 573:597 WWFP allowed good bacterial growth similar to that obtained with the standard medium (YMB). 26273255 4 4 theme standard 577:584 arg1 YMB 594:596 YMB 594:596 YMB 594:596 WWFP allowed good bacterial growth similar to that obtained with the standard medium (YMB). 26273255 5 5 theme EPS 637:639 arg1 quantities 623:632 various quantities 615:632 various quantities of EPS 615:639 During growth, various quantities of EPS were produced and yields varied depending on the media. 26273255 8 6 theme oil 932:934 arg1 wastewater 944:953 the oil company wastewater 928:953 the oil company wastewater (WWOC2) 928:961 The use of a mixture of the oil company wastewater (WWOC2) and the fish processing wastewater (WWFP) as culture medium affected not only the rhizobial strain growth, but also EPS production. 26273255 8 6 theme oil 932:934 arg1 WWOC2 956:960 WWOC2 956:960 WWOC2 956:960 The use of a mixture of the oil company wastewater (WWOC2) and the fish processing wastewater (WWFP) as culture medium affected not only the rhizobial strain growth, but also EPS production. 26273255 8 7 theme rhizobial 1045:1053 arg1 growth 1062:1067 the rhizobial strain growth 1041:1067 the rhizobial strain growth 1041:1067 The use of a mixture of the oil company wastewater (WWOC2) and the fish processing wastewater (WWFP) as culture medium affected not only the rhizobial strain growth, but also EPS production. 26273255 7 8 theme growth 896:901 arg1 h 891:891 72 h 888:891 72 h of growth 888:901 In wastewater, the maximum EPS value reached 11.1 g/L obtained with the fish processing wastewater, after 72 h of growth. 26273255 8 9 theme wastewater 944:953 arg1 mixture 917:923 a mixture 915:923 a mixture of the oil company wastewater (WWOC2) and the fish processing wastewater (WWFP) 915:1003 The use of a mixture of the oil company wastewater (WWOC2) and the fish processing wastewater (WWFP) as culture medium affected not only the rhizobial strain growth, but also EPS production. 26273255 7 10 theme maximum 801:807 arg1 value 813:817 the maximum EPS value 797:817 the maximum EPS value 797:817 In wastewater, the maximum EPS value reached 11.1 g/L obtained with the fish processing wastewater, after 72 h of growth. 26273255 7 11 theme EPS 809:811 arg1 value 813:817 the maximum EPS value 797:817 the maximum EPS value 797:817 In wastewater, the maximum EPS value reached 11.1 g/L obtained with the fish processing wastewater, after 72 h of growth. 26273255 8 12 theme strain 1055:1060 arg1 growth 1062:1067 the rhizobial strain growth 1041:1067 the rhizobial strain growth 1041:1067 The use of a mixture of the oil company wastewater (WWOC2) and the fish processing wastewater (WWFP) as culture medium affected not only the rhizobial strain growth, but also EPS production. 26273255 8 13 theme mixture 917:923 arg1 use 908:910 The use 904:910 The use of a mixture of the oil company wastewater (WWOC2) and the fish processing wastewater (WWFP) as culture medium 904:1021 The use of a mixture of the oil company wastewater (WWOC2) and the fish processing wastewater (WWFP) as culture medium affected not only the rhizobial strain growth, but also EPS production. 26273255 2 14 theme rhizobial 377:385 arg1 strain 387:392 the rhizobial strain 373:392 the rhizobial strain 373:392 The results obtained in Erlenmeyer flasks indicated that the rhizobial strain grew well in industrial wastewater. 26273255 9 15 theme WWOC2 1184:1188 arg1 ratio 1166:1170 a ratio 1164:1170 a ratio of WWFP and WWOC2 of 50:50 (v:v) 1164:1203 The highest EPS (42.4 g/L, after 96 h of culture) was obtained using a ratio of WWFP and WWOC2 of 50:50 (v:v). 26273255 5 16 theme various 615:621 arg1 quantities 623:632 various quantities 615:632 various quantities of EPS 615:639 During growth, various quantities of EPS were produced and yields varied depending on the media. 26273255 0 17 theme Industrial 0:9 arg1 wastewater 11:20 Industrial wastewater 0:20 Industrial wastewater as raw material for exopolysaccharide production by Rhizobium leguminosarum. 0:97 Industrial wastewater as raw material for exopolysaccharide production by Rhizobium leguminosarum. 26273255 10 18 theme Rhizobium 1248:1256 arg1 leguminosarum 1258:1270 Rhizobium leguminosarum 1248:1270 Rhizobium leguminosarum 1248:1270 Therefore, this work shows the ability of Rhizobium leguminosarum, growing in industrial wastewater as new economic medium, to produce EPS. 26273255 7 19 theme processing 859:868 arg1 wastewater 870:879 the fish processing wastewater 850:879 the fish processing wastewater 850:879 In wastewater, the maximum EPS value reached 11.1 g/L obtained with the fish processing wastewater, after 72 h of growth. 26273255 1 20 theme Rhizobium 185:193 arg1 leguminosarum 195:207 Rhizobium leguminosarum 185:207 Rhizobium leguminosarum 185:207 The objective of this study was to evaluate the exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by Rhizobium leguminosarum cultivated in wastewater generated by oil companies (WWOC1 and WWOC2) and fish processing industry (WWFP). 26273255 0 21 theme raw 25:27 arg1 material 29:36 raw material 25:36 raw material 25:36 Industrial wastewater as raw material for exopolysaccharide production by Rhizobium leguminosarum. 26273255 9 22 theme WWFP 1175:1178 arg1 ratio 1166:1170 a ratio 1164:1170 a ratio of WWFP and WWOC2 of 50:50 (v:v) 1164:1203 The highest EPS (42.4 g/L, after 96 h of culture) was obtained using a ratio of WWFP and WWOC2 of 50:50 (v:v). 26273255 8 23 theme processing 976:985 arg1 wastewater 987:996 the fish processing wastewater 967:996 the fish processing wastewater (WWFP) 967:1003 The use of a mixture of the oil company wastewater (WWOC2) and the fish processing wastewater (WWFP) as culture medium affected not only the rhizobial strain growth, but also EPS production. 26273255 8 23 theme processing 976:985 arg1 WWFP 999:1002 WWFP 999:1002 WWFP 999:1002 The use of a mixture of the oil company wastewater (WWOC2) and the fish processing wastewater (WWFP) as culture medium affected not only the rhizobial strain growth, but also EPS production. 26273255 9 24 theme highest 1099:1105 arg1 EPS 1107:1109 The highest EPS 1095:1109 The highest EPS (42.4 g/L, after 96 h of culture) 1095:1143 The highest EPS (42.4 g/L, after 96 h of culture) was obtained using a ratio of WWFP and WWOC2 of 50:50 (v:v). 26273255 2 25 theme industrial 407:416 arg1 wastewater 418:427 industrial wastewater 407:427 industrial wastewater 407:427 The results obtained in Erlenmeyer flasks indicated that the rhizobial strain grew well in industrial wastewater. 26273255 1 26 theme fish 283:286 arg1 WWFP 309:312 WWFP 309:312 WWFP 309:312 The objective of this study was to evaluate the exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by Rhizobium leguminosarum cultivated in wastewater generated by oil companies (WWOC1 and WWOC2) and fish processing industry (WWFP). 26273255 1 26 theme fish 283:286 arg1 industry 299:306 fish processing industry 283:306 fish processing industry (WWFP) 283:313 The objective of this study was to evaluate the exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by Rhizobium leguminosarum cultivated in wastewater generated by oil companies (WWOC1 and WWOC2) and fish processing industry (WWFP). 26273255 8 27 theme fish 971:974 arg1 wastewater 987:996 the fish processing wastewater 967:996 the fish processing wastewater (WWFP) 967:1003 The use of a mixture of the oil company wastewater (WWOC2) and the fish processing wastewater (WWFP) as culture medium affected not only the rhizobial strain growth, but also EPS production. 26273255 8 27 theme fish 971:974 arg1 WWFP 999:1002 WWFP 999:1002 WWFP 999:1002 The use of a mixture of the oil company wastewater (WWOC2) and the fish processing wastewater (WWFP) as culture medium affected not only the rhizobial strain growth, but also EPS production. 26273255 1 28 theme processing 288:297 arg1 WWFP 309:312 WWFP 309:312 WWFP 309:312 The objective of this study was to evaluate the exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by Rhizobium leguminosarum cultivated in wastewater generated by oil companies (WWOC1 and WWOC2) and fish processing industry (WWFP). 26273255 1 28 theme processing 288:297 arg1 industry 299:306 fish processing industry 283:306 fish processing industry (WWFP) 283:313 The objective of this study was to evaluate the exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by Rhizobium leguminosarum cultivated in wastewater generated by oil companies (WWOC1 and WWOC2) and fish processing industry (WWFP). 26273255 10 29 theme industrial 1284:1293 arg1 wastewater 1295:1304 industrial wastewater 1284:1304 industrial wastewater 1284:1304 Therefore, this work shows the ability of Rhizobium leguminosarum, growing in industrial wastewater as new economic medium, to produce EPS. 26273255 1 30 dep companies 251:259 arg1 WWOC1 262:266 WWOC1 262:266 WWOC1 262:266 The objective of this study was to evaluate the exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by Rhizobium leguminosarum cultivated in wastewater generated by oil companies (WWOC1 and WWOC2) and fish processing industry (WWFP). 26273255 1 30 dep companies 251:259 arg1 companies 251:259 oil companies 247:259 oil companies (WWOC1 and WWOC2) 247:277 The objective of this study was to evaluate the exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by Rhizobium leguminosarum cultivated in wastewater generated by oil companies (WWOC1 and WWOC2) and fish processing industry (WWFP). 26273255 1 30 dep companies 251:259 arg1 WWOC2 272:276 WWOC2 272:276 WWOC2 272:276 The objective of this study was to evaluate the exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by Rhizobium leguminosarum cultivated in wastewater generated by oil companies (WWOC1 and WWOC2) and fish processing industry (WWFP). 26273255 3 31 theme wastewater 441:450 arg1 composition 452:462 wastewater composition 441:462 wastewater composition 441:462 Generally, wastewater composition affected the growth and the EPS production. 26273255 4 32 theme bacterial 526:534 arg1 growth 536:541 good bacterial growth 521:541 good bacterial growth similar to that obtained with the standard medium (YMB) 521:597 WWFP allowed good bacterial growth similar to that obtained with the standard medium (YMB). 26273255 8 33 theme wastewater 987:996 arg1 mixture 917:923 a mixture 915:923 a mixture of the oil company wastewater (WWOC2) and the fish processing wastewater (WWFP) 915:1003 The use of a mixture of the oil company wastewater (WWOC2) and the fish processing wastewater (WWFP) as culture medium affected not only the rhizobial strain growth, but also EPS production. 26273255 8 34 theme EPS 1079:1081 arg1 production 1083:1092 EPS production 1079:1092 EPS production 1079:1092 The use of a mixture of the oil company wastewater (WWOC2) and the fish processing wastewater (WWFP) as culture medium affected not only the rhizobial strain growth, but also EPS production. 26273255 11 35 theme enormous 1382:1389 arg1 areas 1408:1412 enormous biotechnological areas 1382:1412 enormous biotechnological areas 1382:1412 This biopolymer could be applied in enormous biotechnological areas. 26273255 4 36 theme good 521:524 arg1 growth 536:541 good bacterial growth 521:541 good bacterial growth similar to that obtained with the standard medium (YMB) 521:597 WWFP allowed good bacterial growth similar to that obtained with the standard medium (YMB). 26273255 10 37 theme economic 1313:1320 arg1 medium 1322:1327 new economic medium 1309:1327 new economic medium 1309:1327 Therefore, this work shows the ability of Rhizobium leguminosarum, growing in industrial wastewater as new economic medium, to produce EPS. 26273255 1 38 theme study 121:125 arg1 objective 103:111 The objective 99:111 The objective of this study 99:125 The objective of this study was to evaluate the exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by Rhizobium leguminosarum cultivated in wastewater generated by oil companies (WWOC1 and WWOC2) and fish processing industry (WWFP). 26273255 0 39 theme exopolysaccharide 42:58 arg1 production 60:69 exopolysaccharide production 42:69 exopolysaccharide production by Rhizobium leguminosarum 42:96 Industrial wastewater as raw material for exopolysaccharide production by Rhizobium leguminosarum. 26273255 4 40 theme similar 543:549 arg1 growth 536:541 good bacterial growth 521:541 good bacterial growth similar to that obtained with the standard medium (YMB) 521:597 WWFP allowed good bacterial growth similar to that obtained with the standard medium (YMB). 26273255 3 41 theme EPS 492:494 arg1 production 496:505 the EPS production 488:505 the EPS production 488:505 Generally, wastewater composition affected the growth and the EPS production. 26273255 10 42 theme leguminosarum 1258:1270 arg1 ability 1237:1243 the ability 1233:1243 the ability of Rhizobium leguminosarum 1233:1270 Therefore, this work shows the ability of Rhizobium leguminosarum, growing in industrial wastewater as new economic medium, to produce EPS. 26273255 8 43 theme culture 1008:1014 arg1 medium 1016:1021 culture medium 1008:1021 culture medium 1008:1021 The use of a mixture of the oil company wastewater (WWOC2) and the fish processing wastewater (WWFP) as culture medium affected not only the rhizobial strain growth, but also EPS production. 26273255 6 44 theme EPS 713:715 arg1 production 717:726 EPS production 713:726 EPS production 713:726 Growing in YMB, EPS production did not exceed 9.7 g/L obtained after 72 h of growth. 26273255 7 45 theme fish 854:857 arg1 wastewater 870:879 the fish processing wastewater 850:879 the fish processing wastewater 850:879 In wastewater, the maximum EPS value reached 11.1 g/L obtained with the fish processing wastewater, after 72 h of growth. 26273255 10 46 theme new 1309:1311 arg1 medium 1322:1327 new economic medium 1309:1327 new economic medium 1309:1327 Therefore, this work shows the ability of Rhizobium leguminosarum, growing in industrial wastewater as new economic medium, to produce EPS. 26273255 0 47 theme Rhizobium 74:82 arg1 leguminosarum 84:96 Rhizobium leguminosarum 74:96 Rhizobium leguminosarum 74:96 Industrial wastewater as raw material for exopolysaccharide production by Rhizobium leguminosarum. 26273255 6 48 theme growth 774:779 arg1 h 769:769 72 h 766:769 72 h of growth 766:779 Growing in YMB, EPS production did not exceed 9.7 g/L obtained after 72 h of growth. 26273255 1 49 theme oil 247:249 arg1 WWOC1 262:266 WWOC1 262:266 WWOC1 262:266 The objective of this study was to evaluate the exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by Rhizobium leguminosarum cultivated in wastewater generated by oil companies (WWOC1 and WWOC2) and fish processing industry (WWFP). 26273255 1 49 theme oil 247:249 arg1 companies 251:259 oil companies 247:259 oil companies (WWOC1 and WWOC2) 247:277 The objective of this study was to evaluate the exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by Rhizobium leguminosarum cultivated in wastewater generated by oil companies (WWOC1 and WWOC2) and fish processing industry (WWFP). 26273255 1 49 theme oil 247:249 arg1 WWOC2 272:276 WWOC2 272:276 WWOC2 272:276 The objective of this study was to evaluate the exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by Rhizobium leguminosarum cultivated in wastewater generated by oil companies (WWOC1 and WWOC2) and fish processing industry (WWFP). 26273255 11 50 theme biotechnological 1391:1406 arg1 areas 1408:1412 enormous biotechnological areas 1382:1412 enormous biotechnological areas 1382:1412 This biopolymer could be applied in enormous biotechnological areas. 26273255 1 51 theme exopolysaccharide 147:163 arg1 production 171:180 the exopolysaccharide (EPS) production 143:180 the exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by Rhizobium leguminosarum cultivated in wastewater generated by oil companies (WWOC1 and WWOC2) and fish processing industry (WWFP) 143:313 The objective of this study was to evaluate the exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by Rhizobium leguminosarum cultivated in wastewater generated by oil companies (WWOC1 and WWOC2) and fish processing industry (WWFP). 26273255 9 52 theme 50:50 1193:1197 arg1 WWOC2 1184:1188 WWOC2 1184:1188 WWOC2 of 50:50 (v:v) 1184:1203 The highest EPS (42.4 g/L, after 96 h of culture) was obtained using a ratio of WWFP and WWOC2 of 50:50 (v:v). 26273255 9 52 theme 50:50 1193:1197 arg1 WWFP 1175:1178 WWFP 1175:1178 WWFP 1175:1178 The highest EPS (42.4 g/L, after 96 h of culture) was obtained using a ratio of WWFP and WWOC2 of 50:50 (v:v). 26273255 9 52 theme 50:50 1193:1197 arg1 v 1202:1202 v 1202:1202 v 1202:1202 The highest EPS (42.4 g/L, after 96 h of culture) was obtained using a ratio of WWFP and WWOC2 of 50:50 (v:v). 25460597 2 0 theme N 403:403 arg1 contents 405:412 N contents 403:412 N contents 403:412 The use of matrices are generally accepted to transform surface atomic composition (i.e., C, O, N contents) into surface component composition (i.e., lactose, proteins, lipids). 25460597 2 0 theme N 403:403 arg1 composition 378:388 surface atomic composition 363:388 surface atomic composition (i.e., C, O, N contents) 363:413 The use of matrices are generally accepted to transform surface atomic composition (i.e., C, O, N contents) into surface component composition (i.e., lactose, proteins, lipids). 25460597 2 1 dep C 397:397 arg1 i.e. 391:394 i.e. 391:394 i.e. 391:394 The use of matrices are generally accepted to transform surface atomic composition (i.e., C, O, N contents) into surface component composition (i.e., lactose, proteins, lipids). 25460597 1 2 theme various 161:167 arg1 casein 189:194 micellar casein 180:194 micellar casein (MC) 180:199 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 1 2 theme various 161:167 arg1 AMF 264:266 AMF 264:266 AMF 264:266 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 1 2 theme various 161:167 arg1 isolate 216:222 whey proteins isolate 202:222 whey proteins isolate (WPI) 202:228 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 1 2 theme various 161:167 arg1 MC 197:198 MC 197:198 MC 197:198 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 1 2 theme various 161:167 arg1 WPI 225:227 WPI 225:227 WPI 225:227 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 1 2 theme various 161:167 arg1 amounts 169:175 various amounts 161:175 various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) 161:267 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 1 2 theme various 161:167 arg1 fat 259:261 anhydrous milk fat 244:261 anhydrous milk fat (AMF) 244:267 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 1 2 theme various 161:167 arg1 lactose 231:237 lactose 231:237 lactose 231:237 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 6 3 theme components 921:930 arg1 segregation 906:916 a possible segregation 895:916 a possible segregation of components owing to the AMF overrepresentation on the surface 895:981 Nevertheless, samples containing milk fat were found to present a possible segregation of components owing to the AMF overrepresentation on the surface. 25460597 1 4 theme XPS 289:291 arg1 measurements 293:304 XPS measurements 289:304 XPS measurements 289:304 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 6 5 from overrepresentation 949:966 arg1 surface 975:981 the surface 971:981 the surface 971:981 Nevertheless, samples containing milk fat were found to present a possible segregation of components owing to the AMF overrepresentation on the surface. 25460597 4 6 theme bond-based 649:658 arg1 matrices 660:667 atomic and bond-based matrices 638:667 atomic and bond-based matrices 638:667 Surface compositions obtained from atomic and bond-based matrices were compared. 25460597 2 7 theme component 428:436 arg1 proteins 466:473 proteins 466:473 proteins 466:473 The use of matrices are generally accepted to transform surface atomic composition (i.e., C, O, N contents) into surface component composition (i.e., lactose, proteins, lipids). 25460597 2 7 theme component 428:436 arg1 composition 438:448 surface component composition 420:448 surface component composition (i.e., lactose, proteins, lipids) 420:482 The use of matrices are generally accepted to transform surface atomic composition (i.e., C, O, N contents) into surface component composition (i.e., lactose, proteins, lipids). 25460597 5 8 from fat 811:813 arg1 free 801:804 free 801:804 free 801:804 A successful matrix allowing good correlations between XPS predicted and theoretical surface composition for powders free from fat was identified. 25460597 1 9 theme lactose 231:237 arg1 casein 189:194 micellar casein 180:194 micellar casein (MC) 180:199 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 1 9 theme lactose 231:237 arg1 AMF 264:266 AMF 264:266 AMF 264:266 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 1 9 theme lactose 231:237 arg1 isolate 216:222 whey proteins isolate 202:222 whey proteins isolate (WPI) 202:228 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 1 9 theme lactose 231:237 arg1 MC 197:198 MC 197:198 MC 197:198 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 1 9 theme lactose 231:237 arg1 WPI 225:227 WPI 225:227 WPI 225:227 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 1 9 theme lactose 231:237 arg1 amounts 169:175 various amounts 161:175 various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) 161:267 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 1 9 theme lactose 231:237 arg1 fat 259:261 anhydrous milk fat 244:261 anhydrous milk fat (AMF) 244:267 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 1 9 theme lactose 231:237 arg1 lactose 231:237 lactose 231:237 lactose 231:237 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 2 10 theme surface 420:426 arg1 proteins 466:473 proteins 466:473 proteins 466:473 The use of matrices are generally accepted to transform surface atomic composition (i.e., C, O, N contents) into surface component composition (i.e., lactose, proteins, lipids). 25460597 2 10 theme surface 420:426 arg1 composition 438:448 surface component composition 420:448 surface component composition (i.e., lactose, proteins, lipids) 420:482 The use of matrices are generally accepted to transform surface atomic composition (i.e., C, O, N contents) into surface component composition (i.e., lactose, proteins, lipids). 25460597 2 11 theme matrices 318:325 arg1 use 311:313 The use 307:313 The use of matrices 307:325 The use of matrices are generally accepted to transform surface atomic composition (i.e., C, O, N contents) into surface component composition (i.e., lactose, proteins, lipids). 25460597 5 12 theme good 713:716 arg1 correlations 718:729 good correlations 713:729 good correlations between XPS predicted and theoretical surface composition 713:787 A successful matrix allowing good correlations between XPS predicted and theoretical surface composition for powders free from fat was identified. 25460597 5 13 theme successful 686:695 arg1 matrix 697:702 A successful matrix 684:702 A successful matrix allowing good correlations between XPS predicted and theoretical surface composition for powders free from fat 684:813 A successful matrix allowing good correlations between XPS predicted and theoretical surface composition for powders free from fat was identified. 25460597 6 14 theme AMF 945:947 arg1 overrepresentation 949:966 the AMF overrepresentation 941:966 the AMF overrepresentation on the surface 941:981 Nevertheless, samples containing milk fat were found to present a possible segregation of components owing to the AMF overrepresentation on the surface. 25460597 2 15 dep lactose 457:463 arg1 i.e. 451:454 i.e. 451:454 i.e. 451:454 The use of matrices are generally accepted to transform surface atomic composition (i.e., C, O, N contents) into surface component composition (i.e., lactose, proteins, lipids). 25460597 7 16 theme mixtures 1083:1090 arg1 homogeneity 1064:1074 the homogeneity 1060:1074 the homogeneity of the mixtures 1060:1090 Supplementary analyses (FTIR, SEM) were carried out in order to investigate the homogeneity of the mixtures. 25460597 1 17 theme micellar 180:187 arg1 MC 197:198 MC 197:198 MC 197:198 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 1 17 theme micellar 180:187 arg1 casein 189:194 micellar casein 180:194 micellar casein (MC) 180:199 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 6 18 theme possible 897:904 arg1 segregation 906:916 a possible segregation 895:916 a possible segregation of components owing to the AMF overrepresentation on the surface 895:981 Nevertheless, samples containing milk fat were found to present a possible segregation of components owing to the AMF overrepresentation on the surface. 25460597 4 19 theme atomic 638:643 arg1 matrices 660:667 atomic and bond-based matrices 638:667 atomic and bond-based matrices 638:667 Surface compositions obtained from atomic and bond-based matrices were compared. 25460597 1 20 theme casein 189:194 arg1 casein 189:194 micellar casein 180:194 micellar casein (MC) 180:199 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 1 20 theme casein 189:194 arg1 AMF 264:266 AMF 264:266 AMF 264:266 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 1 20 theme casein 189:194 arg1 isolate 216:222 whey proteins isolate 202:222 whey proteins isolate (WPI) 202:228 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 1 20 theme casein 189:194 arg1 MC 197:198 MC 197:198 MC 197:198 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 1 20 theme casein 189:194 arg1 WPI 225:227 WPI 225:227 WPI 225:227 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 1 20 theme casein 189:194 arg1 amounts 169:175 various amounts 161:175 various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) 161:267 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 1 20 theme casein 189:194 arg1 fat 259:261 anhydrous milk fat 244:261 anhydrous milk fat (AMF) 244:267 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 1 20 theme casein 189:194 arg1 lactose 231:237 lactose 231:237 lactose 231:237 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 2 21 theme surface 363:369 arg1 contents 405:412 N contents 403:412 N contents 403:412 The use of matrices are generally accepted to transform surface atomic composition (i.e., C, O, N contents) into surface component composition (i.e., lactose, proteins, lipids). 25460597 2 21 theme surface 363:369 arg1 composition 378:388 surface atomic composition 363:388 surface atomic composition (i.e., C, O, N contents) 363:413 The use of matrices are generally accepted to transform surface atomic composition (i.e., C, O, N contents) into surface component composition (i.e., lactose, proteins, lipids). 25460597 0 22 theme better 9:14 arg1 determination 16:28 a better determination 7:28 a better determination of dairy powders 7:45 Toward a better determination of dairy powders surface composition through XPS matrices development. 25460597 1 23 theme anhydrous 244:252 arg1 AMF 264:266 AMF 264:266 AMF 264:266 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 1 23 theme anhydrous 244:252 arg1 fat 259:261 anhydrous milk fat 244:261 anhydrous milk fat (AMF) 244:267 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 1 24 theme surface 105:111 arg1 composition 113:123 The surface composition 101:123 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) 101:267 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 5 25 theme theoretical 757:767 arg1 composition 777:787 theoretical surface composition 757:787 theoretical surface composition 757:787 A successful matrix allowing good correlations between XPS predicted and theoretical surface composition for powders free from fat was identified. 25460597 0 26 theme dairy 33:37 arg1 powders 39:45 dairy powders 33:45 dairy powders 33:45 Toward a better determination of dairy powders surface composition through XPS matrices development. 25460597 1 27 theme milk 254:257 arg1 AMF 264:266 AMF 264:266 AMF 264:266 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 1 27 theme milk 254:257 arg1 fat 259:261 anhydrous milk fat 244:261 anhydrous milk fat (AMF) 244:267 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 7 28 theme Supplementary 984:996 arg1 analyses 998:1005 Supplementary analyses 984:1005 Supplementary analyses (FTIR, SEM) 984:1017 Supplementary analyses (FTIR, SEM) were carried out in order to investigate the homogeneity of the mixtures. 25460597 7 29 gly homogeneity 1064:1074 arg1 mixtures 1083:1090 the mixtures 1079:1090 the mixtures 1079:1090 Supplementary analyses (FTIR, SEM) were carried out in order to investigate the homogeneity of the mixtures. 25460597 6 30 contain containing 853:862 arg1 samples 845:851 samples 845:851 samples containing milk fat 845:871 Nevertheless, samples containing milk fat were found to present a possible segregation of components owing to the AMF overrepresentation on the surface. 25460597 6 30 contain containing 853:862 arg2 fat 869:871 milk fat 864:871 milk fat 864:871 Nevertheless, samples containing milk fat were found to present a possible segregation of components owing to the AMF overrepresentation on the surface. 25460597 5 31 theme surface 769:775 arg1 composition 777:787 theoretical surface composition 757:787 theoretical surface composition 757:787 A successful matrix allowing good correlations between XPS predicted and theoretical surface composition for powders free from fat was identified. 25460597 1 32 theme fat 259:261 arg1 casein 189:194 micellar casein 180:194 micellar casein (MC) 180:199 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 1 32 theme fat 259:261 arg1 AMF 264:266 AMF 264:266 AMF 264:266 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 1 32 theme fat 259:261 arg1 isolate 216:222 whey proteins isolate 202:222 whey proteins isolate (WPI) 202:228 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 1 32 theme fat 259:261 arg1 MC 197:198 MC 197:198 MC 197:198 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 1 32 theme fat 259:261 arg1 WPI 225:227 WPI 225:227 WPI 225:227 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 1 32 theme fat 259:261 arg1 amounts 169:175 various amounts 161:175 various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) 161:267 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 1 32 theme fat 259:261 arg1 fat 259:261 anhydrous milk fat 244:261 anhydrous milk fat (AMF) 244:267 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 1 32 theme fat 259:261 arg1 lactose 231:237 lactose 231:237 lactose 231:237 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 5 33 theme free 801:804 arg1 powders 793:799 powders 793:799 powders free from fat 793:813 A successful matrix allowing good correlations between XPS predicted and theoretical surface composition for powders free from fat was identified. 25460597 3 34 theme atomic-based 491:502 arg1 matrices 504:511 These atomic-based matrices 485:511 These atomic-based matrices 485:511 These atomic-based matrices were revisited and two new matrices based on the surface bond composition were developed. 25460597 0 35 theme surface 47:53 arg1 composition 55:65 surface composition 47:65 surface composition through XPS 47:77 Toward a better determination of dairy powders surface composition through XPS matrices development. 25460597 3 36 theme new 536:538 arg1 matrices 540:547 two new matrices 532:547 two new matrices based on the surface bond composition 532:585 These atomic-based matrices were revisited and two new matrices based on the surface bond composition were developed. 25460597 0 37 theme powders 39:45 arg1 determination 16:28 a better determination 7:28 a better determination of dairy powders 7:45 Toward a better determination of dairy powders surface composition through XPS matrices development. 25460597 3 38 theme surface 562:568 arg1 composition 575:585 the surface bond composition 558:585 the surface bond composition 558:585 These atomic-based matrices were revisited and two new matrices based on the surface bond composition were developed. 25460597 4 39 theme Surface 603:609 arg1 compositions 611:622 Surface compositions 603:622 Surface compositions obtained from atomic and bond-based matrices 603:667 Surface compositions obtained from atomic and bond-based matrices were compared. 25460597 6 40 theme milk 864:867 arg1 fat 869:871 milk fat 864:871 milk fat 864:871 Nevertheless, samples containing milk fat were found to present a possible segregation of components owing to the AMF overrepresentation on the surface. 25460597 3 41 theme bond 570:573 arg1 composition 575:585 the surface bond composition 558:585 the surface bond composition 558:585 These atomic-based matrices were revisited and two new matrices based on the surface bond composition were developed. 25460597 1 42 theme dairy 128:132 arg1 powders 134:140 dairy powders 128:140 dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) 128:267 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 1 43 theme whey 202:205 arg1 proteins 207:214 whey proteins 202:214 whey proteins isolate (WPI) 202:228 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 1 44 theme powders 134:140 arg1 composition 113:123 The surface composition 101:123 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) 101:267 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 1 45 theme proteins 207:214 arg1 isolate 216:222 whey proteins isolate 202:222 whey proteins isolate (WPI) 202:228 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 1 45 theme proteins 207:214 arg1 WPI 225:227 WPI 225:227 WPI 225:227 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 2 46 dep proteins 466:473 arg1 lipids 476:481 lipids 476:481 lipids 476:481 The use of matrices are generally accepted to transform surface atomic composition (i.e., C, O, N contents) into surface component composition (i.e., lactose, proteins, lipids). 25460597 1 47 theme isolate 216:222 arg1 casein 189:194 micellar casein 180:194 micellar casein (MC) 180:199 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 1 47 theme isolate 216:222 arg1 AMF 264:266 AMF 264:266 AMF 264:266 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 1 47 theme isolate 216:222 arg1 isolate 216:222 whey proteins isolate 202:222 whey proteins isolate (WPI) 202:228 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 1 47 theme isolate 216:222 arg1 MC 197:198 MC 197:198 MC 197:198 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 1 47 theme isolate 216:222 arg1 WPI 225:227 WPI 225:227 WPI 225:227 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 1 47 theme isolate 216:222 arg1 amounts 169:175 various amounts 161:175 various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) 161:267 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 1 47 theme isolate 216:222 arg1 fat 259:261 anhydrous milk fat 244:261 anhydrous milk fat (AMF) 244:267 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 1 47 theme isolate 216:222 arg1 lactose 231:237 lactose 231:237 lactose 231:237 The surface composition of dairy powders prepared by mixing various amounts of micellar casein (MC), whey proteins isolate (WPI), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was investigated by XPS measurements. 25460597 7 48 dep analyses 998:1005 arg1 SEM 1014:1016 SEM 1014:1016 SEM 1014:1016 Supplementary analyses (FTIR, SEM) were carried out in order to investigate the homogeneity of the mixtures. 25460597 7 48 dep analyses 998:1005 arg1 FTIR 1008:1011 FTIR 1008:1011 FTIR 1008:1011 Supplementary analyses (FTIR, SEM) were carried out in order to investigate the homogeneity of the mixtures. 25460597 2 49 theme atomic 371:376 arg1 contents 405:412 N contents 403:412 N contents 403:412 The use of matrices are generally accepted to transform surface atomic composition (i.e., C, O, N contents) into surface component composition (i.e., lactose, proteins, lipids). 25460597 2 49 theme atomic 371:376 arg1 composition 378:388 surface atomic composition 363:388 surface atomic composition (i.e., C, O, N contents) 363:413 The use of matrices are generally accepted to transform surface atomic composition (i.e., C, O, N contents) into surface component composition (i.e., lactose, proteins, lipids). 25460597 7 50 dep carried 1024:1030 arg1 out 1032:1034 out 1032:1034 out 1032:1034 Supplementary analyses (FTIR, SEM) were carried out in order to investigate the homogeneity of the mixtures. 24140742 3 0 theme spectra 602:608 arg1 Analysis 584:591 Analysis 584:591 Analysis of FT-IR spectra of two-component, fish gelatin-chitosan film 584:653 Analysis of FT-IR spectra of two-component, fish gelatin-chitosan film revealed the formation not only of hydrogen bonds within and between chains of polymers, but also of electrostatic interactions between -COO(-) of gelatin and -NH3(+) of chitosan. 24140742 3 1 theme two-component 613:625 arg1 film 650:653 two-component, fish gelatin-chitosan film 613:653 film 650:653 Analysis of FT-IR spectra of two-component, fish gelatin-chitosan film revealed the formation not only of hydrogen bonds within and between chains of polymers, but also of electrostatic interactions between -COO(-) of gelatin and -NH3(+) of chitosan. 24140742 2 2 theme characteristic 319:332 arg1 I 340:340 the characteristic amide I 315:340 the characteristic amide I 315:340 The FT-IR spectrum of fish gelatin film showed the characteristic amide I, amide II and amide III bands, and the FT-IR spectrum of chitosan film confirmed that the polymer was only a partially deacetylated product, and included CH3-C=O and NH2 groups, the latter both in their free -NH2 and protonated -NH3(+) form. 24140742 5 3 theme acid 1001:1004 arg1 gelatin 1017:1023 gelatin 1017:1023 gelatin 1017:1023 New iso-peptide bonds formed between activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin and amine groups of gelatin or/and chitosan. 24140742 5 3 theme acid 1001:1004 arg1 residue 1006:1012 glutamic or aspartic acid residue 980:1012 residue 1006:1012 New iso-peptide bonds formed between activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin and amine groups of gelatin or/and chitosan. 24140742 5 4 theme residue 1006:1012 arg1 gelatin 1045:1051 gelatin 1045:1051 gelatin 1045:1051 New iso-peptide bonds formed between activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin and amine groups of gelatin or/and chitosan. 24140742 5 4 theme residue 1006:1012 arg1 groups 970:975 activated carboxylic acid groups 944:975 activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin 944:1023 New iso-peptide bonds formed between activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin and amine groups of gelatin or/and chitosan. 24140742 5 4 theme residue 1006:1012 arg1 groups 1035:1040 amine groups 1029:1040 amine groups of gelatin 1029:1051 New iso-peptide bonds formed between activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin and amine groups of gelatin or/and chitosan. 24140742 5 4 theme residue 1006:1012 arg1 residue 1006:1012 glutamic or aspartic acid residue 980:1012 residue 1006:1012 New iso-peptide bonds formed between activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin and amine groups of gelatin or/and chitosan. 24140742 5 4 theme residue 1006:1012 arg1 gelatin 1017:1023 gelatin 1017:1023 gelatin 1017:1023 New iso-peptide bonds formed between activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin and amine groups of gelatin or/and chitosan. 24140742 2 5 from form 578:581 arg1 latter 524:529 latter 524:529 latter 524:529 The FT-IR spectrum of fish gelatin film showed the characteristic amide I, amide II and amide III bands, and the FT-IR spectrum of chitosan film confirmed that the polymer was only a partially deacetylated product, and included CH3-C=O and NH2 groups, the latter both in their free -NH2 and protonated -NH3(+) form. 24140742 2 5 from form 578:581 arg1 groups 512:517 NH2 groups 508:517 NH2 groups 508:517 The FT-IR spectrum of fish gelatin film showed the characteristic amide I, amide II and amide III bands, and the FT-IR spectrum of chitosan film confirmed that the polymer was only a partially deacetylated product, and included CH3-C=O and NH2 groups, the latter both in their free -NH2 and protonated -NH3(+) form. 24140742 3 6 theme electrostatic 756:768 arg1 interactions 770:781 electrostatic interactions 756:781 electrostatic interactions between -COO(-) of gelatin and -NH3(+) of chitosan 756:832 Analysis of FT-IR spectra of two-component, fish gelatin-chitosan film revealed the formation not only of hydrogen bonds within and between chains of polymers, but also of electrostatic interactions between -COO(-) of gelatin and -NH3(+) of chitosan. 24140742 3 7 theme polymers 734:741 arg1 chains 724:729 chains 724:729 chains of polymers, but also of electrostatic interactions between -COO(-) of gelatin and -NH3(+) of chitosan 724:832 Analysis of FT-IR spectra of two-component, fish gelatin-chitosan film revealed the formation not only of hydrogen bonds within and between chains of polymers, but also of electrostatic interactions between -COO(-) of gelatin and -NH3(+) of chitosan. 24140742 2 8 theme deacetylated 461:472 arg1 polymer 432:438 the polymer 428:438 the polymer 428:438 The FT-IR spectrum of fish gelatin film showed the characteristic amide I, amide II and amide III bands, and the FT-IR spectrum of chitosan film confirmed that the polymer was only a partially deacetylated product, and included CH3-C=O and NH2 groups, the latter both in their free -NH2 and protonated -NH3(+) form. 24140742 2 8 theme deacetylated 461:472 arg1 product 474:480 only a partially deacetylated product 444:480 only a partially deacetylated product 444:480 The FT-IR spectrum of fish gelatin film showed the characteristic amide I, amide II and amide III bands, and the FT-IR spectrum of chitosan film confirmed that the polymer was only a partially deacetylated product, and included CH3-C=O and NH2 groups, the latter both in their free -NH2 and protonated -NH3(+) form. 24140742 0 9 from Interactions 0:11 arg1 films 84:88 uncrosslinked and crosslinked with EDC films 45:88 uncrosslinked and crosslinked with EDC films 45:88 Interactions of fish gelatin and chitosan in uncrosslinked and crosslinked with EDC films: FT-IR study. 24140742 5 10 theme aspartic 992:999 arg1 gelatin 1017:1023 gelatin 1017:1023 gelatin 1017:1023 New iso-peptide bonds formed between activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin and amine groups of gelatin or/and chitosan. 24140742 5 10 theme aspartic 992:999 arg1 residue 1006:1012 glutamic or aspartic acid residue 980:1012 residue 1006:1012 New iso-peptide bonds formed between activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin and amine groups of gelatin or/and chitosan. 24140742 2 11 theme -NH3 570:573 arg1 form 578:581 protonated -NH3(+) form 559:581 protonated -NH3(+) form 559:581 The FT-IR spectrum of fish gelatin film showed the characteristic amide I, amide II and amide III bands, and the FT-IR spectrum of chitosan film confirmed that the polymer was only a partially deacetylated product, and included CH3-C=O and NH2 groups, the latter both in their free -NH2 and protonated -NH3(+) form. 24140742 0 12 dep study 97:101 arg1 Interactions 0:11 Interactions 0:11 Interactions of fish gelatin and chitosan in uncrosslinked and crosslinked with EDC films 0:88 Interactions of fish gelatin and chitosan in uncrosslinked and crosslinked with EDC films: FT-IR study. 24140742 3 13 theme interactions 770:781 arg1 chains 724:729 chains 724:729 chains of polymers, but also of electrostatic interactions between -COO(-) of gelatin and -NH3(+) of chitosan 724:832 Analysis of FT-IR spectra of two-component, fish gelatin-chitosan film revealed the formation not only of hydrogen bonds within and between chains of polymers, but also of electrostatic interactions between -COO(-) of gelatin and -NH3(+) of chitosan. 24140742 2 14 theme protonated 559:568 arg1 form 578:581 protonated -NH3(+) form 559:581 protonated -NH3(+) form 559:581 The FT-IR spectrum of fish gelatin film showed the characteristic amide I, amide II and amide III bands, and the FT-IR spectrum of chitosan film confirmed that the polymer was only a partially deacetylated product, and included CH3-C=O and NH2 groups, the latter both in their free -NH2 and protonated -NH3(+) form. 24140742 5 15 theme activated 944:952 arg1 gelatin 1045:1051 gelatin 1045:1051 gelatin 1045:1051 New iso-peptide bonds formed between activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin and amine groups of gelatin or/and chitosan. 24140742 5 15 theme activated 944:952 arg1 groups 970:975 activated carboxylic acid groups 944:975 activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin 944:1023 New iso-peptide bonds formed between activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin and amine groups of gelatin or/and chitosan. 24140742 5 15 theme activated 944:952 arg1 residue 1006:1012 glutamic or aspartic acid residue 980:1012 residue 1006:1012 New iso-peptide bonds formed between activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin and amine groups of gelatin or/and chitosan. 24140742 5 15 theme activated 944:952 arg1 gelatin 1017:1023 gelatin 1017:1023 gelatin 1017:1023 New iso-peptide bonds formed between activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin and amine groups of gelatin or/and chitosan. 24140742 3 16 theme fish 628:631 arg1 film 650:653 two-component, fish gelatin-chitosan film 613:653 film 650:653 Analysis of FT-IR spectra of two-component, fish gelatin-chitosan film revealed the formation not only of hydrogen bonds within and between chains of polymers, but also of electrostatic interactions between -COO(-) of gelatin and -NH3(+) of chitosan. 24140742 0 17 theme FT-IR 91:95 arg1 study 97:101 FT-IR study 91:101 FT-IR study 91:101 Interactions of fish gelatin and chitosan in uncrosslinked and crosslinked with EDC films: FT-IR study. 24140742 5 18 theme glutamic 980:987 arg1 gelatin 1017:1023 gelatin 1017:1023 gelatin 1017:1023 New iso-peptide bonds formed between activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin and amine groups of gelatin or/and chitosan. 24140742 5 18 theme glutamic 980:987 arg1 residue 1006:1012 glutamic or aspartic acid residue 980:1012 residue 1006:1012 New iso-peptide bonds formed between activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin and amine groups of gelatin or/and chitosan. 24140742 2 19 theme free 545:548 arg1 -NH2 550:553 their free -NH2 539:553 their free -NH2 539:553 The FT-IR spectrum of fish gelatin film showed the characteristic amide I, amide II and amide III bands, and the FT-IR spectrum of chitosan film confirmed that the polymer was only a partially deacetylated product, and included CH3-C=O and NH2 groups, the latter both in their free -NH2 and protonated -NH3(+) form. 24140742 0 20 link uncrosslinked 45:57 arg1 films 84:88 uncrosslinked and crosslinked with EDC films 45:88 uncrosslinked and crosslinked with EDC films 45:88 Interactions of fish gelatin and chitosan in uncrosslinked and crosslinked with EDC films: FT-IR study. 24140742 5 21 theme amine 1029:1033 arg1 gelatin 1045:1051 gelatin 1045:1051 gelatin 1045:1051 New iso-peptide bonds formed between activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin and amine groups of gelatin or/and chitosan. 24140742 5 21 theme amine 1029:1033 arg1 gelatin 1017:1023 gelatin 1017:1023 gelatin 1017:1023 New iso-peptide bonds formed between activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin and amine groups of gelatin or/and chitosan. 24140742 5 21 theme amine 1029:1033 arg1 groups 1035:1040 amine groups 1029:1040 amine groups of gelatin 1029:1051 New iso-peptide bonds formed between activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin and amine groups of gelatin or/and chitosan. 24140742 5 21 theme amine 1029:1033 arg1 residue 1006:1012 glutamic or aspartic acid residue 980:1012 residue 1006:1012 New iso-peptide bonds formed between activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin and amine groups of gelatin or/and chitosan. 24140742 3 22 theme film 650:653 arg1 spectra 602:608 FT-IR spectra 596:608 FT-IR spectra of two-component, fish gelatin-chitosan film 596:653 Analysis of FT-IR spectra of two-component, fish gelatin-chitosan film revealed the formation not only of hydrogen bonds within and between chains of polymers, but also of electrostatic interactions between -COO(-) of gelatin and -NH3(+) of chitosan. 24140742 5 23 theme gelatin 1045:1051 arg1 gelatin 1045:1051 gelatin 1045:1051 gelatin 1045:1051 New iso-peptide bonds formed between activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin and amine groups of gelatin or/and chitosan. 24140742 5 23 theme gelatin 1045:1051 arg1 groups 970:975 activated carboxylic acid groups 944:975 activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin 944:1023 New iso-peptide bonds formed between activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin and amine groups of gelatin or/and chitosan. 24140742 5 23 theme gelatin 1045:1051 arg1 groups 1035:1040 amine groups 1029:1040 amine groups of gelatin 1029:1051 New iso-peptide bonds formed between activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin and amine groups of gelatin or/and chitosan. 24140742 5 23 theme gelatin 1045:1051 arg1 residue 1006:1012 glutamic or aspartic acid residue 980:1012 residue 1006:1012 New iso-peptide bonds formed between activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin and amine groups of gelatin or/and chitosan. 24140742 5 23 theme gelatin 1045:1051 arg1 gelatin 1017:1023 gelatin 1017:1023 gelatin 1017:1023 New iso-peptide bonds formed between activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin and amine groups of gelatin or/and chitosan. 24140742 2 24 theme amide 343:347 arg1 II 349:350 amide II 343:350 amide II 343:350 The FT-IR spectrum of fish gelatin film showed the characteristic amide I, amide II and amide III bands, and the FT-IR spectrum of chitosan film confirmed that the polymer was only a partially deacetylated product, and included CH3-C=O and NH2 groups, the latter both in their free -NH2 and protonated -NH3(+) form. 24140742 2 25 theme FT-IR 381:385 arg1 spectrum 387:394 the FT-IR spectrum 377:394 the FT-IR spectrum of chitosan film 377:411 The FT-IR spectrum of fish gelatin film showed the characteristic amide I, amide II and amide III bands, and the FT-IR spectrum of chitosan film confirmed that the polymer was only a partially deacetylated product, and included CH3-C=O and NH2 groups, the latter both in their free -NH2 and protonated -NH3(+) form. 24140742 4 26 theme composites 883:892 arg1 cross-linking 866:878 cross-linking 866:878 cross-linking of composites of the film 866:904 Modification with EDC provided cross-linking of composites of the film. 24140742 3 27 theme -NH3 814:817 arg1 -COO 791:794 -COO 791:794 -COO 791:794 Analysis of FT-IR spectra of two-component, fish gelatin-chitosan film revealed the formation not only of hydrogen bonds within and between chains of polymers, but also of electrostatic interactions between -COO(-) of gelatin and -NH3(+) of chitosan. 24140742 1 28 theme fish 155:158 arg1 gelatin 160:166 fish gelatin 155:166 fish gelatin 155:166 Films based on fish gelatin, chitosan and blend of fish gelatin and chitosan before and after cross-linking with EDC have been characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy. 24140742 0 29 theme gelatin 21:27 arg1 Interactions 0:11 Interactions 0:11 Interactions of fish gelatin and chitosan in uncrosslinked and crosslinked with EDC films 0:88 Interactions of fish gelatin and chitosan in uncrosslinked and crosslinked with EDC films: FT-IR study. 24140742 1 30 theme FT-IR 248:252 arg1 spectroscopy 254:265 FT-IR spectroscopy 248:265 FT-IR spectroscopy 248:265 Films based on fish gelatin, chitosan and blend of fish gelatin and chitosan before and after cross-linking with EDC have been characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy. 24140742 2 31 theme FT-IR 272:276 arg1 spectrum 278:285 The FT-IR spectrum 268:285 The FT-IR spectrum of fish gelatin film 268:306 The FT-IR spectrum of fish gelatin film showed the characteristic amide I, amide II and amide III bands, and the FT-IR spectrum of chitosan film confirmed that the polymer was only a partially deacetylated product, and included CH3-C=O and NH2 groups, the latter both in their free -NH2 and protonated -NH3(+) form. 24140742 1 32 theme gelatin 160:166 arg1 gelatin 124:130 fish gelatin 119:130 fish gelatin 119:130 Films based on fish gelatin, chitosan and blend of fish gelatin and chitosan before and after cross-linking with EDC have been characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy. 24140742 1 32 theme gelatin 160:166 arg1 blend 146:150 blend 146:150 blend 146:150 Films based on fish gelatin, chitosan and blend of fish gelatin and chitosan before and after cross-linking with EDC have been characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy. 24140742 1 32 theme gelatin 160:166 arg1 chitosan 133:140 chitosan 133:140 chitosan 133:140 Films based on fish gelatin, chitosan and blend of fish gelatin and chitosan before and after cross-linking with EDC have been characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy. 24140742 0 33 theme fish 16:19 arg1 gelatin 21:27 fish gelatin 16:27 fish gelatin 16:27 Interactions of fish gelatin and chitosan in uncrosslinked and crosslinked with EDC films: FT-IR study. 24140742 3 34 theme gelatin-chitosan 633:648 arg1 film 650:653 two-component, fish gelatin-chitosan film 613:653 film 650:653 Analysis of FT-IR spectra of two-component, fish gelatin-chitosan film revealed the formation not only of hydrogen bonds within and between chains of polymers, but also of electrostatic interactions between -COO(-) of gelatin and -NH3(+) of chitosan. 24140742 4 35 with Modification 835:846 arg1 EDC 853:855 EDC 853:855 EDC 853:855 Modification with EDC provided cross-linking of composites of the film. 24140742 3 36 theme gelatin 802:808 arg1 -COO 791:794 -COO 791:794 -COO 791:794 Analysis of FT-IR spectra of two-component, fish gelatin-chitosan film revealed the formation not only of hydrogen bonds within and between chains of polymers, but also of electrostatic interactions between -COO(-) of gelatin and -NH3(+) of chitosan. 24140742 0 37 theme chitosan 33:40 arg1 Interactions 0:11 Interactions 0:11 Interactions of fish gelatin and chitosan in uncrosslinked and crosslinked with EDC films 0:88 Interactions of fish gelatin and chitosan in uncrosslinked and crosslinked with EDC films: FT-IR study. 24140742 2 38 from latter 524:529 arg1 form 578:581 protonated -NH3(+) form 559:581 protonated -NH3(+) form 559:581 The FT-IR spectrum of fish gelatin film showed the characteristic amide I, amide II and amide III bands, and the FT-IR spectrum of chitosan film confirmed that the polymer was only a partially deacetylated product, and included CH3-C=O and NH2 groups, the latter both in their free -NH2 and protonated -NH3(+) form. 24140742 2 38 from latter 524:529 arg1 -NH2 550:553 their free -NH2 539:553 their free -NH2 539:553 The FT-IR spectrum of fish gelatin film showed the characteristic amide I, amide II and amide III bands, and the FT-IR spectrum of chitosan film confirmed that the polymer was only a partially deacetylated product, and included CH3-C=O and NH2 groups, the latter both in their free -NH2 and protonated -NH3(+) form. 24140742 3 39 dep bonds 699:703 arg1 only 682:685 only 682:685 only 682:685 Analysis of FT-IR spectra of two-component, fish gelatin-chitosan film revealed the formation not only of hydrogen bonds within and between chains of polymers, but also of electrostatic interactions between -COO(-) of gelatin and -NH3(+) of chitosan. 24140742 1 40 theme chitosan 172:179 arg1 gelatin 124:130 fish gelatin 119:130 fish gelatin 119:130 Films based on fish gelatin, chitosan and blend of fish gelatin and chitosan before and after cross-linking with EDC have been characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy. 24140742 1 40 theme chitosan 172:179 arg1 blend 146:150 blend 146:150 blend 146:150 Films based on fish gelatin, chitosan and blend of fish gelatin and chitosan before and after cross-linking with EDC have been characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy. 24140742 1 40 theme chitosan 172:179 arg1 chitosan 133:140 chitosan 133:140 chitosan 133:140 Films based on fish gelatin, chitosan and blend of fish gelatin and chitosan before and after cross-linking with EDC have been characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy. 24140742 5 41 theme gelatin 1017:1023 arg1 gelatin 1017:1023 gelatin 1017:1023 gelatin 1017:1023 New iso-peptide bonds formed between activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin and amine groups of gelatin or/and chitosan. 24140742 5 41 theme gelatin 1017:1023 arg1 residue 1006:1012 glutamic or aspartic acid residue 980:1012 residue 1006:1012 New iso-peptide bonds formed between activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin and amine groups of gelatin or/and chitosan. 24140742 5 42 theme carboxylic 954:963 arg1 gelatin 1045:1051 gelatin 1045:1051 gelatin 1045:1051 New iso-peptide bonds formed between activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin and amine groups of gelatin or/and chitosan. 24140742 5 42 theme carboxylic 954:963 arg1 groups 970:975 activated carboxylic acid groups 944:975 activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin 944:1023 New iso-peptide bonds formed between activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin and amine groups of gelatin or/and chitosan. 24140742 5 42 theme carboxylic 954:963 arg1 residue 1006:1012 glutamic or aspartic acid residue 980:1012 residue 1006:1012 New iso-peptide bonds formed between activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin and amine groups of gelatin or/and chitosan. 24140742 5 42 theme carboxylic 954:963 arg1 gelatin 1017:1023 gelatin 1017:1023 gelatin 1017:1023 New iso-peptide bonds formed between activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin and amine groups of gelatin or/and chitosan. 24140742 2 43 dep -NH2 550:553 arg1 both 531:534 both 531:534 both 531:534 The FT-IR spectrum of fish gelatin film showed the characteristic amide I, amide II and amide III bands, and the FT-IR spectrum of chitosan film confirmed that the polymer was only a partially deacetylated product, and included CH3-C=O and NH2 groups, the latter both in their free -NH2 and protonated -NH3(+) form. 24140742 2 44 theme amide 356:360 arg1 bands 366:370 amide III bands 356:370 amide III bands 356:370 The FT-IR spectrum of fish gelatin film showed the characteristic amide I, amide II and amide III bands, and the FT-IR spectrum of chitosan film confirmed that the polymer was only a partially deacetylated product, and included CH3-C=O and NH2 groups, the latter both in their free -NH2 and protonated -NH3(+) form. 24140742 0 45 theme uncrosslinked 45:57 arg1 films 84:88 uncrosslinked and crosslinked with EDC films 45:88 uncrosslinked and crosslinked with EDC films 45:88 Interactions of fish gelatin and chitosan in uncrosslinked and crosslinked with EDC films: FT-IR study. 24140742 5 46 theme acid 965:968 arg1 gelatin 1045:1051 gelatin 1045:1051 gelatin 1045:1051 New iso-peptide bonds formed between activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin and amine groups of gelatin or/and chitosan. 24140742 5 46 theme acid 965:968 arg1 groups 970:975 activated carboxylic acid groups 944:975 activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin 944:1023 New iso-peptide bonds formed between activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin and amine groups of gelatin or/and chitosan. 24140742 5 46 theme acid 965:968 arg1 residue 1006:1012 glutamic or aspartic acid residue 980:1012 residue 1006:1012 New iso-peptide bonds formed between activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin and amine groups of gelatin or/and chitosan. 24140742 5 46 theme acid 965:968 arg1 gelatin 1017:1023 gelatin 1017:1023 gelatin 1017:1023 New iso-peptide bonds formed between activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin and amine groups of gelatin or/and chitosan. 24140742 3 47 theme chitosan 825:832 arg1 -NH3 814:817 -NH3 814:817 -NH3 814:817 Analysis of FT-IR spectra of two-component, fish gelatin-chitosan film revealed the formation not only of hydrogen bonds within and between chains of polymers, but also of electrostatic interactions between -COO(-) of gelatin and -NH3(+) of chitosan. 24140742 3 47 theme chitosan 825:832 arg1 gelatin 802:808 gelatin 802:808 gelatin 802:808 Analysis of FT-IR spectra of two-component, fish gelatin-chitosan film revealed the formation not only of hydrogen bonds within and between chains of polymers, but also of electrostatic interactions between -COO(-) of gelatin and -NH3(+) of chitosan. 24140742 2 48 from -NH2 550:553 arg1 latter 524:529 latter 524:529 latter 524:529 The FT-IR spectrum of fish gelatin film showed the characteristic amide I, amide II and amide III bands, and the FT-IR spectrum of chitosan film confirmed that the polymer was only a partially deacetylated product, and included CH3-C=O and NH2 groups, the latter both in their free -NH2 and protonated -NH3(+) form. 24140742 2 48 from -NH2 550:553 arg1 groups 512:517 NH2 groups 508:517 NH2 groups 508:517 The FT-IR spectrum of fish gelatin film showed the characteristic amide I, amide II and amide III bands, and the FT-IR spectrum of chitosan film confirmed that the polymer was only a partially deacetylated product, and included CH3-C=O and NH2 groups, the latter both in their free -NH2 and protonated -NH3(+) form. 24140742 2 49 theme NH2 508:510 arg1 latter 524:529 latter 524:529 latter 524:529 The FT-IR spectrum of fish gelatin film showed the characteristic amide I, amide II and amide III bands, and the FT-IR spectrum of chitosan film confirmed that the polymer was only a partially deacetylated product, and included CH3-C=O and NH2 groups, the latter both in their free -NH2 and protonated -NH3(+) form. 24140742 2 49 theme NH2 508:510 arg1 groups 512:517 NH2 groups 508:517 NH2 groups 508:517 The FT-IR spectrum of fish gelatin film showed the characteristic amide I, amide II and amide III bands, and the FT-IR spectrum of chitosan film confirmed that the polymer was only a partially deacetylated product, and included CH3-C=O and NH2 groups, the latter both in their free -NH2 and protonated -NH3(+) form. 24140742 5 50 theme New 907:909 arg1 bonds 923:927 New iso-peptide bonds 907:927 New iso-peptide bonds formed between activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin and amine groups of gelatin 907:1051 New iso-peptide bonds formed between activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin and amine groups of gelatin or/and chitosan. 24140742 0 51 link crosslinked 63:73 arg1 films 84:88 uncrosslinked and crosslinked with EDC films 45:88 uncrosslinked and crosslinked with EDC films 45:88 Interactions of fish gelatin and chitosan in uncrosslinked and crosslinked with EDC films: FT-IR study. 24140742 5 52 theme iso-peptide 911:921 arg1 bonds 923:927 New iso-peptide bonds 907:927 New iso-peptide bonds formed between activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin and amine groups of gelatin 907:1051 New iso-peptide bonds formed between activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin and amine groups of gelatin or/and chitosan. 24140742 2 53 theme gelatin 295:301 arg1 spectrum 278:285 The FT-IR spectrum 268:285 The FT-IR spectrum of fish gelatin film 268:306 The FT-IR spectrum of fish gelatin film showed the characteristic amide I, amide II and amide III bands, and the FT-IR spectrum of chitosan film confirmed that the polymer was only a partially deacetylated product, and included CH3-C=O and NH2 groups, the latter both in their free -NH2 and protonated -NH3(+) form. 24140742 1 54 with cross-linking 198:210 arg1 EDC 217:219 EDC 217:219 EDC 217:219 Films based on fish gelatin, chitosan and blend of fish gelatin and chitosan before and after cross-linking with EDC have been characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy. 24140742 2 55 theme fish 290:293 arg1 gelatin 295:301 fish gelatin film 290:306 fish gelatin film 290:306 The FT-IR spectrum of fish gelatin film showed the characteristic amide I, amide II and amide III bands, and the FT-IR spectrum of chitosan film confirmed that the polymer was only a partially deacetylated product, and included CH3-C=O and NH2 groups, the latter both in their free -NH2 and protonated -NH3(+) form. 24140742 0 56 theme crosslinked 63:73 arg1 films 84:88 uncrosslinked and crosslinked with EDC films 45:88 uncrosslinked and crosslinked with EDC films 45:88 Interactions of fish gelatin and chitosan in uncrosslinked and crosslinked with EDC films: FT-IR study. 24140742 1 57 theme fish 119:122 arg1 gelatin 124:130 fish gelatin 119:130 fish gelatin 119:130 Films based on fish gelatin, chitosan and blend of fish gelatin and chitosan before and after cross-linking with EDC have been characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy. 24140742 3 58 theme hydrogen 690:697 arg1 bonds 699:703 hydrogen bonds 690:703 hydrogen bonds within and between chains of polymers, but also of electrostatic interactions between -COO(-) of gelatin and -NH3(+) of chitosan 690:832 Analysis of FT-IR spectra of two-component, fish gelatin-chitosan film revealed the formation not only of hydrogen bonds within and between chains of polymers, but also of electrostatic interactions between -COO(-) of gelatin and -NH3(+) of chitosan. 24140742 2 59 theme chitosan 399:406 arg1 spectrum 387:394 the FT-IR spectrum 377:394 the FT-IR spectrum of chitosan film 377:411 The FT-IR spectrum of fish gelatin film showed the characteristic amide I, amide II and amide III bands, and the FT-IR spectrum of chitosan film confirmed that the polymer was only a partially deacetylated product, and included CH3-C=O and NH2 groups, the latter both in their free -NH2 and protonated -NH3(+) form. 24140742 3 60 theme FT-IR 596:600 arg1 spectra 602:608 FT-IR spectra 596:608 FT-IR spectra of two-component, fish gelatin-chitosan film 596:653 Analysis of FT-IR spectra of two-component, fish gelatin-chitosan film revealed the formation not only of hydrogen bonds within and between chains of polymers, but also of electrostatic interactions between -COO(-) of gelatin and -NH3(+) of chitosan. 24140742 4 61 theme film 901:904 arg1 composites 883:892 composites 883:892 composites of the film 883:904 Modification with EDC provided cross-linking of composites of the film. 24140742 4 61 theme film 901:904 arg1 film 901:904 the film 897:904 the film 897:904 Modification with EDC provided cross-linking of composites of the film. 24140742 2 62 theme amide 334:338 arg1 I 340:340 the characteristic amide I 315:340 the characteristic amide I 315:340 The FT-IR spectrum of fish gelatin film showed the characteristic amide I, amide II and amide III bands, and the FT-IR spectrum of chitosan film confirmed that the polymer was only a partially deacetylated product, and included CH3-C=O and NH2 groups, the latter both in their free -NH2 and protonated -NH3(+) form. 24140742 3 63 theme bonds 699:703 arg1 formation 668:676 the formation 664:676 the formation not only of hydrogen bonds within and between chains of polymers, but also of electrostatic interactions between -COO(-) of gelatin and -NH3(+) of chitosan 664:832 Analysis of FT-IR spectra of two-component, fish gelatin-chitosan film revealed the formation not only of hydrogen bonds within and between chains of polymers, but also of electrostatic interactions between -COO(-) of gelatin and -NH3(+) of chitosan. 29279129 2 0 theme control 537:543 arg1 sample 587:592 bagasse sample 579:592 bagasse sample 579:592 Bagasse sample with ChOAc pretreatment and subsequent nanofibrillation (ChOAc/NF-bagasse) was prepared and compared to untreated control bagasse sample (control bagasse), bagasse sample with nanofibrillation only (NF-bagasse) and with ChOAc pretreatment only (ChOAc-bagasse). 29279129 2 0 theme control 537:543 arg1 sample 553:558 untreated control bagasse sample 527:558 untreated control bagasse sample (control bagasse) 527:576 Bagasse sample with ChOAc pretreatment and subsequent nanofibrillation (ChOAc/NF-bagasse) was prepared and compared to untreated control bagasse sample (control bagasse), bagasse sample with nanofibrillation only (NF-bagasse) and with ChOAc pretreatment only (ChOAc-bagasse). 29279129 2 0 theme control 537:543 arg1 bagasse 569:575 control bagasse 561:575 control bagasse 561:575 Bagasse sample with ChOAc pretreatment and subsequent nanofibrillation (ChOAc/NF-bagasse) was prepared and compared to untreated control bagasse sample (control bagasse), bagasse sample with nanofibrillation only (NF-bagasse) and with ChOAc pretreatment only (ChOAc-bagasse). 29279129 1 1 theme mechanical 342:351 arg1 nanofibrillation 353:368 subsequent mechanical nanofibrillation 331:368 subsequent mechanical nanofibrillation 331:368 In the present study, we examined the efficacy of choline acetate (ChOAc, a cholinium ionic liquid))-assisted pretreatment of bagasse powder for subsequent mechanical nanofibrillation to produce lignocellulose nanofibers. 29279129 2 2 theme ChOAc 643:647 arg1 pretreatment 649:660 ChOAc pretreatment only 643:665 ChOAc pretreatment only (ChOAc-bagasse) 643:681 Bagasse sample with ChOAc pretreatment and subsequent nanofibrillation (ChOAc/NF-bagasse) was prepared and compared to untreated control bagasse sample (control bagasse), bagasse sample with nanofibrillation only (NF-bagasse) and with ChOAc pretreatment only (ChOAc-bagasse). 29279129 2 2 theme ChOAc 643:647 arg1 ChOAc-bagasse 668:680 ChOAc-bagasse 668:680 ChOAc-bagasse 668:680 Bagasse sample with ChOAc pretreatment and subsequent nanofibrillation (ChOAc/NF-bagasse) was prepared and compared to untreated control bagasse sample (control bagasse), bagasse sample with nanofibrillation only (NF-bagasse) and with ChOAc pretreatment only (ChOAc-bagasse). 29279129 4 3 theme bagasse 913:919 arg1 samples 921:927 the bagasse samples 909:927 the bagasse samples 909:927 Esterified bagasse/polypropylene composites were prepared using the bagasse samples. 29279129 2 4 theme untreated 527:535 arg1 sample 587:592 bagasse sample 579:592 bagasse sample 579:592 Bagasse sample with ChOAc pretreatment and subsequent nanofibrillation (ChOAc/NF-bagasse) was prepared and compared to untreated control bagasse sample (control bagasse), bagasse sample with nanofibrillation only (NF-bagasse) and with ChOAc pretreatment only (ChOAc-bagasse). 29279129 2 4 theme untreated 527:535 arg1 sample 553:558 untreated control bagasse sample 527:558 untreated control bagasse sample (control bagasse) 527:576 Bagasse sample with ChOAc pretreatment and subsequent nanofibrillation (ChOAc/NF-bagasse) was prepared and compared to untreated control bagasse sample (control bagasse), bagasse sample with nanofibrillation only (NF-bagasse) and with ChOAc pretreatment only (ChOAc-bagasse). 29279129 2 4 theme untreated 527:535 arg1 bagasse 569:575 control bagasse 561:575 control bagasse 561:575 Bagasse sample with ChOAc pretreatment and subsequent nanofibrillation (ChOAc/NF-bagasse) was prepared and compared to untreated control bagasse sample (control bagasse), bagasse sample with nanofibrillation only (NF-bagasse) and with ChOAc pretreatment only (ChOAc-bagasse). 29279129 1 5 theme present 193:199 arg1 study 201:205 the present study 189:205 the present study 189:205 In the present study, we examined the efficacy of choline acetate (ChOAc, a cholinium ionic liquid))-assisted pretreatment of bagasse powder for subsequent mechanical nanofibrillation to produce lignocellulose nanofibers. 29279129 1 6 theme cholinium 262:270 arg1 ChOAc 253:257 ChOAc 253:257 ChOAc 253:257 In the present study, we examined the efficacy of choline acetate (ChOAc, a cholinium ionic liquid))-assisted pretreatment of bagasse powder for subsequent mechanical nanofibrillation to produce lignocellulose nanofibers. 29279129 1 6 theme cholinium 262:270 arg1 ionic 272:276 a cholinium ionic liquid 260:283 a cholinium ionic liquid 260:283 In the present study, we examined the efficacy of choline acetate (ChOAc, a cholinium ionic liquid))-assisted pretreatment of bagasse powder for subsequent mechanical nanofibrillation to produce lignocellulose nanofibers. 29279129 0 7 theme powder 118:123 arg1 nanofibrillation 90:105 subsequent mechanical nanofibrillation 68:105 subsequent mechanical nanofibrillation 68:105 Lignocellulose nanofibers prepared by ionic liquid pretreatment and subsequent mechanical nanofibrillation of bagasse powder: Application to esterified bagasse/polypropylene composites. 29279129 0 7 theme powder 118:123 arg1 pretreatment 51:62 ionic liquid pretreatment 38:62 ionic liquid pretreatment 38:62 Lignocellulose nanofibers prepared by ionic liquid pretreatment and subsequent mechanical nanofibrillation of bagasse powder: Application to esterified bagasse/polypropylene composites. 29279129 0 8 theme bagasse 110:116 arg1 powder 118:123 bagasse powder 110:123 bagasse powder 110:123 Lignocellulose nanofibers prepared by ionic liquid pretreatment and subsequent mechanical nanofibrillation of bagasse powder: Application to esterified bagasse/polypropylene composites. 29279129 7 9 theme esterified 1323:1332 arg1 composites 1356:1365 esterified bagasse/polypropylene composites 1323:1365 esterified bagasse/polypropylene composites 1323:1365 Therefore, ChOAc pretreatment and subsequent nanofibrillation of bagasse powder resulted in enhanced tensile toughness of esterified bagasse/polypropylene composites. 29279129 1 10 theme liquid 278:283 arg1 ChOAc 253:257 ChOAc 253:257 ChOAc 253:257 In the present study, we examined the efficacy of choline acetate (ChOAc, a cholinium ionic liquid))-assisted pretreatment of bagasse powder for subsequent mechanical nanofibrillation to produce lignocellulose nanofibers. 29279129 1 10 theme liquid 278:283 arg1 ionic 272:276 a cholinium ionic liquid 260:283 a cholinium ionic liquid 260:283 In the present study, we examined the efficacy of choline acetate (ChOAc, a cholinium ionic liquid))-assisted pretreatment of bagasse powder for subsequent mechanical nanofibrillation to produce lignocellulose nanofibers. 29279129 2 11 theme control 561:567 arg1 sample 553:558 untreated control bagasse sample 527:558 untreated control bagasse sample (control bagasse) 527:576 Bagasse sample with ChOAc pretreatment and subsequent nanofibrillation (ChOAc/NF-bagasse) was prepared and compared to untreated control bagasse sample (control bagasse), bagasse sample with nanofibrillation only (NF-bagasse) and with ChOAc pretreatment only (ChOAc-bagasse). 29279129 2 11 theme control 561:567 arg1 bagasse 569:575 control bagasse 561:575 control bagasse 561:575 Bagasse sample with ChOAc pretreatment and subsequent nanofibrillation (ChOAc/NF-bagasse) was prepared and compared to untreated control bagasse sample (control bagasse), bagasse sample with nanofibrillation only (NF-bagasse) and with ChOAc pretreatment only (ChOAc-bagasse). 29279129 1 12 theme lignocellulose 381:394 arg1 nanofibers 396:405 lignocellulose nanofibers 381:405 lignocellulose nanofibers 381:405 In the present study, we examined the efficacy of choline acetate (ChOAc, a cholinium ionic liquid))-assisted pretreatment of bagasse powder for subsequent mechanical nanofibrillation to produce lignocellulose nanofibers. 29279129 2 13 theme ChOAc 428:432 arg1 pretreatment 434:445 ChOAc pretreatment 428:445 ChOAc pretreatment 428:445 Bagasse sample with ChOAc pretreatment and subsequent nanofibrillation (ChOAc/NF-bagasse) was prepared and compared to untreated control bagasse sample (control bagasse), bagasse sample with nanofibrillation only (NF-bagasse) and with ChOAc pretreatment only (ChOAc-bagasse). 29279129 7 14 theme bagasse 1266:1272 arg1 powder 1274:1279 bagasse powder 1266:1279 bagasse powder 1266:1279 Therefore, ChOAc pretreatment and subsequent nanofibrillation of bagasse powder resulted in enhanced tensile toughness of esterified bagasse/polypropylene composites. 29279129 7 15 theme powder 1274:1279 arg1 pretreatment 1218:1229 ChOAc pretreatment 1212:1229 ChOAc pretreatment 1212:1229 Therefore, ChOAc pretreatment and subsequent nanofibrillation of bagasse powder resulted in enhanced tensile toughness of esterified bagasse/polypropylene composites. 29279129 7 15 theme powder 1274:1279 arg1 nanofibrillation 1246:1261 subsequent nanofibrillation 1235:1261 subsequent nanofibrillation 1235:1261 Therefore, ChOAc pretreatment and subsequent nanofibrillation of bagasse powder resulted in enhanced tensile toughness of esterified bagasse/polypropylene composites. 29279129 7 16 theme subsequent 1235:1244 arg1 nanofibrillation 1246:1261 subsequent nanofibrillation 1235:1261 subsequent nanofibrillation 1235:1261 Therefore, ChOAc pretreatment and subsequent nanofibrillation of bagasse powder resulted in enhanced tensile toughness of esterified bagasse/polypropylene composites. 29279129 3 17 theme control 761:767 arg1 bagasse 769:775 the control bagasse 757:775 the control bagasse 757:775 The specific surface area was 0.83m2/g, 3.1m2/g, 6.3m2/g, and 32m2/g for the control bagasse, ChOAc-bagasse, NF-bagasse, and the ChOAc/NF-bagasse, respectively. 29279129 7 18 theme enhanced 1293:1300 arg1 toughness 1310:1318 enhanced tensile toughness 1293:1318 enhanced tensile toughness of esterified bagasse/polypropylene composites 1293:1365 Therefore, ChOAc pretreatment and subsequent nanofibrillation of bagasse powder resulted in enhanced tensile toughness of esterified bagasse/polypropylene composites. 29279129 7 19 theme tensile 1302:1308 arg1 toughness 1310:1318 enhanced tensile toughness 1293:1318 enhanced tensile toughness of esterified bagasse/polypropylene composites 1293:1365 Therefore, ChOAc pretreatment and subsequent nanofibrillation of bagasse powder resulted in enhanced tensile toughness of esterified bagasse/polypropylene composites. 29279129 6 20 theme control 1121:1127 arg1 bagasse 1129:1135 control bagasse 1121:1135 control bagasse 1121:1135 The tensile toughness of the composites was 0.52J/cm3, 0.73J/cm3, 0.92J/cm3, and 1.29J/cm3 for the composites prepared using control bagasse, ChOAc-bagasse, NF-bagasse, and ChOAc/NF-bagasse, respectively. 29279129 0 21 theme Lignocellulose 0:13 arg1 nanofibers 15:24 Lignocellulose nanofibers 0:24 Lignocellulose nanofibers prepared by ionic liquid pretreatment and subsequent mechanical nanofibrillation of bagasse powder: Application to esterified bagasse/polypropylene composites. 0:184 Lignocellulose nanofibers prepared by ionic liquid pretreatment and subsequent mechanical nanofibrillation of bagasse powder: Application to esterified bagasse/polypropylene composites. 29279129 7 22 theme ChOAc 1212:1216 arg1 pretreatment 1218:1229 ChOAc pretreatment 1212:1229 ChOAc pretreatment 1212:1229 Therefore, ChOAc pretreatment and subsequent nanofibrillation of bagasse powder resulted in enhanced tensile toughness of esterified bagasse/polypropylene composites. 29279129 5 23 from dispersion 966:975 arg1 composites 984:993 the composites 980:993 the composites 980:993 ChOAc/NF-bagasse exhibited the best dispersion in the composites. 29279129 2 24 theme Bagasse 408:414 arg1 sample 416:421 Bagasse sample 408:421 Bagasse sample with ChOAc pretreatment and subsequent nanofibrillation (ChOAc/NF-bagasse) 408:496 Bagasse sample with ChOAc pretreatment and subsequent nanofibrillation (ChOAc/NF-bagasse) was prepared and compared to untreated control bagasse sample (control bagasse), bagasse sample with nanofibrillation only (NF-bagasse) and with ChOAc pretreatment only (ChOAc-bagasse). 29279129 6 25 theme composites 1025:1034 arg1 0.52J/cm3 1040:1048 0.52J/cm3 1040:1048 0.52J/cm3 1040:1048 The tensile toughness of the composites was 0.52J/cm3, 0.73J/cm3, 0.92J/cm3, and 1.29J/cm3 for the composites prepared using control bagasse, ChOAc-bagasse, NF-bagasse, and ChOAc/NF-bagasse, respectively. 29279129 6 25 theme composites 1025:1034 arg1 toughness 1008:1016 The tensile toughness 996:1016 The tensile toughness of the composites 996:1034 The tensile toughness of the composites was 0.52J/cm3, 0.73J/cm3, 0.92J/cm3, and 1.29J/cm3 for the composites prepared using control bagasse, ChOAc-bagasse, NF-bagasse, and ChOAc/NF-bagasse, respectively. 29279129 0 26 theme esterified 141:150 arg1 composites 174:183 esterified bagasse/polypropylene composites 141:183 esterified bagasse/polypropylene composites 141:183 Lignocellulose nanofibers prepared by ionic liquid pretreatment and subsequent mechanical nanofibrillation of bagasse powder: Application to esterified bagasse/polypropylene composites. 29279129 1 27 theme -assisted 286:294 arg1 pretreatment 296:307 choline acetate (ChOAc, a cholinium ionic liquid))-assisted pretreatment 236:307 choline acetate (ChOAc, a cholinium ionic liquid))-assisted pretreatment of bagasse powder 236:325 In the present study, we examined the efficacy of choline acetate (ChOAc, a cholinium ionic liquid))-assisted pretreatment of bagasse powder for subsequent mechanical nanofibrillation to produce lignocellulose nanofibers. 29279129 5 28 theme best 961:964 arg1 dispersion 966:975 the best dispersion 957:975 the best dispersion in the composites 957:993 ChOAc/NF-bagasse exhibited the best dispersion in the composites. 29279129 2 29 theme subsequent 451:460 arg1 ChOAc/NF-bagasse 480:495 ChOAc/NF-bagasse 480:495 ChOAc/NF-bagasse 480:495 Bagasse sample with ChOAc pretreatment and subsequent nanofibrillation (ChOAc/NF-bagasse) was prepared and compared to untreated control bagasse sample (control bagasse), bagasse sample with nanofibrillation only (NF-bagasse) and with ChOAc pretreatment only (ChOAc-bagasse). 29279129 2 29 theme subsequent 451:460 arg1 nanofibrillation 462:477 subsequent nanofibrillation 451:477 subsequent nanofibrillation (ChOAc/NF-bagasse) 451:496 Bagasse sample with ChOAc pretreatment and subsequent nanofibrillation (ChOAc/NF-bagasse) was prepared and compared to untreated control bagasse sample (control bagasse), bagasse sample with nanofibrillation only (NF-bagasse) and with ChOAc pretreatment only (ChOAc-bagasse). 29279129 0 30 theme liquid 44:49 arg1 pretreatment 51:62 ionic liquid pretreatment 38:62 ionic liquid pretreatment 38:62 Lignocellulose nanofibers prepared by ionic liquid pretreatment and subsequent mechanical nanofibrillation of bagasse powder: Application to esterified bagasse/polypropylene composites. 29279129 1 31 theme pretreatment 296:307 arg1 efficacy 224:231 the efficacy 220:231 the efficacy of choline acetate (ChOAc, a cholinium ionic liquid))-assisted pretreatment of bagasse powder for subsequent mechanical nanofibrillation 220:368 In the present study, we examined the efficacy of choline acetate (ChOAc, a cholinium ionic liquid))-assisted pretreatment of bagasse powder for subsequent mechanical nanofibrillation to produce lignocellulose nanofibers. 29279129 2 32 theme bagasse 579:585 arg1 sample 587:592 bagasse sample 579:592 bagasse sample 579:592 Bagasse sample with ChOAc pretreatment and subsequent nanofibrillation (ChOAc/NF-bagasse) was prepared and compared to untreated control bagasse sample (control bagasse), bagasse sample with nanofibrillation only (NF-bagasse) and with ChOAc pretreatment only (ChOAc-bagasse). 29279129 2 32 theme bagasse 579:585 arg1 sample 553:558 untreated control bagasse sample 527:558 untreated control bagasse sample (control bagasse) 527:576 Bagasse sample with ChOAc pretreatment and subsequent nanofibrillation (ChOAc/NF-bagasse) was prepared and compared to untreated control bagasse sample (control bagasse), bagasse sample with nanofibrillation only (NF-bagasse) and with ChOAc pretreatment only (ChOAc-bagasse). 29279129 3 33 theme specific 688:695 arg1 area 705:708 The specific surface area 684:708 The specific surface area 684:708 The specific surface area was 0.83m2/g, 3.1m2/g, 6.3m2/g, and 32m2/g for the control bagasse, ChOAc-bagasse, NF-bagasse, and the ChOAc/NF-bagasse, respectively. 29279129 3 33 theme specific 688:695 arg1 0.83m2/g 714:721 0.83m2/g 714:721 0.83m2/g 714:721 The specific surface area was 0.83m2/g, 3.1m2/g, 6.3m2/g, and 32m2/g for the control bagasse, ChOAc-bagasse, NF-bagasse, and the ChOAc/NF-bagasse, respectively. 29279129 0 34 theme ionic 38:42 arg1 pretreatment 51:62 ionic liquid pretreatment 38:62 ionic liquid pretreatment 38:62 Lignocellulose nanofibers prepared by ionic liquid pretreatment and subsequent mechanical nanofibrillation of bagasse powder: Application to esterified bagasse/polypropylene composites. 29279129 0 35 theme bagasse/polypropylene 152:172 arg1 composites 174:183 esterified bagasse/polypropylene composites 141:183 esterified bagasse/polypropylene composites 141:183 Lignocellulose nanofibers prepared by ionic liquid pretreatment and subsequent mechanical nanofibrillation of bagasse powder: Application to esterified bagasse/polypropylene composites. 29279129 1 36 dep acetate 244:250 arg1 ChOAc 253:257 ChOAc 253:257 ChOAc 253:257 In the present study, we examined the efficacy of choline acetate (ChOAc, a cholinium ionic liquid))-assisted pretreatment of bagasse powder for subsequent mechanical nanofibrillation to produce lignocellulose nanofibers. 29279129 1 36 dep acetate 244:250 arg1 ionic 272:276 a cholinium ionic liquid 260:283 a cholinium ionic liquid 260:283 In the present study, we examined the efficacy of choline acetate (ChOAc, a cholinium ionic liquid))-assisted pretreatment of bagasse powder for subsequent mechanical nanofibrillation to produce lignocellulose nanofibers. 29279129 1 37 theme choline 236:242 arg1 acetate 244:250 choline acetate 236:250 choline acetate (ChOAc, a cholinium ionic liquid)) 236:285 In the present study, we examined the efficacy of choline acetate (ChOAc, a cholinium ionic liquid))-assisted pretreatment of bagasse powder for subsequent mechanical nanofibrillation to produce lignocellulose nanofibers. 29279129 1 38 theme bagasse 312:318 arg1 powder 320:325 bagasse powder 312:325 bagasse powder 312:325 In the present study, we examined the efficacy of choline acetate (ChOAc, a cholinium ionic liquid))-assisted pretreatment of bagasse powder for subsequent mechanical nanofibrillation to produce lignocellulose nanofibers. 29279129 2 39 theme bagasse 545:551 arg1 sample 587:592 bagasse sample 579:592 bagasse sample 579:592 Bagasse sample with ChOAc pretreatment and subsequent nanofibrillation (ChOAc/NF-bagasse) was prepared and compared to untreated control bagasse sample (control bagasse), bagasse sample with nanofibrillation only (NF-bagasse) and with ChOAc pretreatment only (ChOAc-bagasse). 29279129 2 39 theme bagasse 545:551 arg1 sample 553:558 untreated control bagasse sample 527:558 untreated control bagasse sample (control bagasse) 527:576 Bagasse sample with ChOAc pretreatment and subsequent nanofibrillation (ChOAc/NF-bagasse) was prepared and compared to untreated control bagasse sample (control bagasse), bagasse sample with nanofibrillation only (NF-bagasse) and with ChOAc pretreatment only (ChOAc-bagasse). 29279129 2 39 theme bagasse 545:551 arg1 bagasse 569:575 control bagasse 561:575 control bagasse 561:575 Bagasse sample with ChOAc pretreatment and subsequent nanofibrillation (ChOAc/NF-bagasse) was prepared and compared to untreated control bagasse sample (control bagasse), bagasse sample with nanofibrillation only (NF-bagasse) and with ChOAc pretreatment only (ChOAc-bagasse). 29279129 4 40 theme bagasse/polypropylene 856:876 arg1 composites 878:887 Esterified bagasse/polypropylene composites 845:887 Esterified bagasse/polypropylene composites 845:887 Esterified bagasse/polypropylene composites were prepared using the bagasse samples. 29279129 1 41 theme powder 320:325 arg1 pretreatment 296:307 choline acetate (ChOAc, a cholinium ionic liquid))-assisted pretreatment 236:307 choline acetate (ChOAc, a cholinium ionic liquid))-assisted pretreatment of bagasse powder 236:325 In the present study, we examined the efficacy of choline acetate (ChOAc, a cholinium ionic liquid))-assisted pretreatment of bagasse powder for subsequent mechanical nanofibrillation to produce lignocellulose nanofibers. 29279129 2 42 with sample 416:421 arg1 ChOAc/NF-bagasse 480:495 ChOAc/NF-bagasse 480:495 ChOAc/NF-bagasse 480:495 Bagasse sample with ChOAc pretreatment and subsequent nanofibrillation (ChOAc/NF-bagasse) was prepared and compared to untreated control bagasse sample (control bagasse), bagasse sample with nanofibrillation only (NF-bagasse) and with ChOAc pretreatment only (ChOAc-bagasse). 29279129 2 42 with sample 416:421 arg1 pretreatment 434:445 ChOAc pretreatment 428:445 ChOAc pretreatment 428:445 Bagasse sample with ChOAc pretreatment and subsequent nanofibrillation (ChOAc/NF-bagasse) was prepared and compared to untreated control bagasse sample (control bagasse), bagasse sample with nanofibrillation only (NF-bagasse) and with ChOAc pretreatment only (ChOAc-bagasse). 29279129 2 42 with sample 416:421 arg1 nanofibrillation 462:477 subsequent nanofibrillation 451:477 subsequent nanofibrillation (ChOAc/NF-bagasse) 451:496 Bagasse sample with ChOAc pretreatment and subsequent nanofibrillation (ChOAc/NF-bagasse) was prepared and compared to untreated control bagasse sample (control bagasse), bagasse sample with nanofibrillation only (NF-bagasse) and with ChOAc pretreatment only (ChOAc-bagasse). 29279129 4 43 theme Esterified 845:854 arg1 composites 878:887 Esterified bagasse/polypropylene composites 845:887 Esterified bagasse/polypropylene composites 845:887 Esterified bagasse/polypropylene composites were prepared using the bagasse samples. 29279129 3 44 theme surface 697:703 arg1 area 705:708 The specific surface area 684:708 The specific surface area 684:708 The specific surface area was 0.83m2/g, 3.1m2/g, 6.3m2/g, and 32m2/g for the control bagasse, ChOAc-bagasse, NF-bagasse, and the ChOAc/NF-bagasse, respectively. 29279129 3 44 theme surface 697:703 arg1 0.83m2/g 714:721 0.83m2/g 714:721 0.83m2/g 714:721 The specific surface area was 0.83m2/g, 3.1m2/g, 6.3m2/g, and 32m2/g for the control bagasse, ChOAc-bagasse, NF-bagasse, and the ChOAc/NF-bagasse, respectively. 29279129 0 45 theme mechanical 79:88 arg1 nanofibrillation 90:105 subsequent mechanical nanofibrillation 68:105 subsequent mechanical nanofibrillation 68:105 Lignocellulose nanofibers prepared by ionic liquid pretreatment and subsequent mechanical nanofibrillation of bagasse powder: Application to esterified bagasse/polypropylene composites. 29279129 0 46 dep nanofibers 15:24 arg1 Application 126:136 Application 126:136 Lignocellulose nanofibers prepared by ionic liquid pretreatment and subsequent mechanical nanofibrillation of bagasse powder: Application to esterified bagasse/polypropylene composites. 0:184 Lignocellulose nanofibers prepared by ionic liquid pretreatment and subsequent mechanical nanofibrillation of bagasse powder: Application to esterified bagasse/polypropylene composites. 29279129 7 47 theme bagasse/polypropylene 1334:1354 arg1 composites 1356:1365 esterified bagasse/polypropylene composites 1323:1365 esterified bagasse/polypropylene composites 1323:1365 Therefore, ChOAc pretreatment and subsequent nanofibrillation of bagasse powder resulted in enhanced tensile toughness of esterified bagasse/polypropylene composites. 29279129 0 48 theme subsequent 68:77 arg1 nanofibrillation 90:105 subsequent mechanical nanofibrillation 68:105 subsequent mechanical nanofibrillation 68:105 Lignocellulose nanofibers prepared by ionic liquid pretreatment and subsequent mechanical nanofibrillation of bagasse powder: Application to esterified bagasse/polypropylene composites. 29279129 1 49 theme subsequent 331:340 arg1 nanofibrillation 353:368 subsequent mechanical nanofibrillation 331:368 subsequent mechanical nanofibrillation 331:368 In the present study, we examined the efficacy of choline acetate (ChOAc, a cholinium ionic liquid))-assisted pretreatment of bagasse powder for subsequent mechanical nanofibrillation to produce lignocellulose nanofibers. 29279129 7 50 theme composites 1356:1365 arg1 toughness 1310:1318 enhanced tensile toughness 1293:1318 enhanced tensile toughness of esterified bagasse/polypropylene composites 1293:1365 Therefore, ChOAc pretreatment and subsequent nanofibrillation of bagasse powder resulted in enhanced tensile toughness of esterified bagasse/polypropylene composites. 29279129 6 51 theme tensile 1000:1006 arg1 0.52J/cm3 1040:1048 0.52J/cm3 1040:1048 0.52J/cm3 1040:1048 The tensile toughness of the composites was 0.52J/cm3, 0.73J/cm3, 0.92J/cm3, and 1.29J/cm3 for the composites prepared using control bagasse, ChOAc-bagasse, NF-bagasse, and ChOAc/NF-bagasse, respectively. 29279129 6 51 theme tensile 1000:1006 arg1 toughness 1008:1016 The tensile toughness 996:1016 The tensile toughness of the composites 996:1034 The tensile toughness of the composites was 0.52J/cm3, 0.73J/cm3, 0.92J/cm3, and 1.29J/cm3 for the composites prepared using control bagasse, ChOAc-bagasse, NF-bagasse, and ChOAc/NF-bagasse, respectively. 25243357 4 0 theme O-fucosylated 726:738 arg1 tetrasaccharides 740:755 O-fucosylated tetrasaccharides 726:755 O-fucosylated tetrasaccharides 726:755 Structures with relevant biological significance, previously not described, such as O-fucosylated tetrasaccharides and chains up to pentadecamers O-linked to serine, threonine, or threonine-proline were identified in the pathological urine and characterized by tandem MS (MS/MS). 25243357 1 1 theme patient 361:367 arg1 urine 350:354 the urine 346:354 the urine of a patient diagnosed with Schindler disease type I 346:407 In this study an integrative mass spectrometry (MS) approach based on fully automated chip-nanoelectrospray quadrupole time-of-flight was optimized and applied for the discovery and structural characterization of O-glycopeptides in a fraction from the urine of a patient diagnosed with Schindler disease type I. 25243357 1 2 from urine 350:354 arg1 fraction 332:339 a fraction 330:339 a fraction from the urine of a patient diagnosed with Schindler disease type I 330:407 In this study an integrative mass spectrometry (MS) approach based on fully automated chip-nanoelectrospray quadrupole time-of-flight was optimized and applied for the discovery and structural characterization of O-glycopeptides in a fraction from the urine of a patient diagnosed with Schindler disease type I. 25243357 1 2 from urine 350:354 arg1 discovery 266:274 discovery 266:274 discovery 266:274 In this study an integrative mass spectrometry (MS) approach based on fully automated chip-nanoelectrospray quadrupole time-of-flight was optimized and applied for the discovery and structural characterization of O-glycopeptides in a fraction from the urine of a patient diagnosed with Schindler disease type I. 25243357 1 2 from urine 350:354 arg1 characterization 291:306 structural characterization 280:306 structural characterization 280:306 In this study an integrative mass spectrometry (MS) approach based on fully automated chip-nanoelectrospray quadrupole time-of-flight was optimized and applied for the discovery and structural characterization of O-glycopeptides in a fraction from the urine of a patient diagnosed with Schindler disease type I. 25243357 3 3 theme investigated 558:569 arg1 fraction 577:584 the investigated urine fraction 554:584 the investigated urine fraction from Schindler disease 554:607 49 glycoforms were discovered in the investigated urine fraction from Schindler disease versus only 14 in control urine. 25243357 5 4 theme which 970:974 arg1 species 937:943 29 species 934:943 29 species discovered here 934:959 A number of 29 species discovered here, most of which with long chain glycans, were not previously reported as associated to this condition. 25243357 5 4 theme which 970:974 arg1 which 970:974 which 970:974 which 970:974 A number of 29 species discovered here, most of which with long chain glycans, were not previously reported as associated to this condition. 25243357 5 4 theme which 970:974 arg1 most 962:965 most 962:965 most 962:965 A number of 29 species discovered here, most of which with long chain glycans, were not previously reported as associated to this condition. 25243357 1 5 theme structural 280:289 arg1 characterization 291:306 structural characterization 280:306 structural characterization 280:306 In this study an integrative mass spectrometry (MS) approach based on fully automated chip-nanoelectrospray quadrupole time-of-flight was optimized and applied for the discovery and structural characterization of O-glycopeptides in a fraction from the urine of a patient diagnosed with Schindler disease type I. 25243357 6 6 located detected 1086:1093 arg2 glycopeptides 1067:1079 All glycopeptides 1063:1079 All glycopeptides 1063:1079 All glycopeptides were detected in only 1 min analysis time, with a sample consumption situated in the femtomole range. 25243357 6 6 located detected 1086:1093 arg1 time 1118:1121 only 1 min analysis time 1098:1121 only 1 min analysis time 1098:1121 All glycopeptides were detected in only 1 min analysis time, with a sample consumption situated in the femtomole range. 25243357 2 7 gly O-glycopeptides 423:437 arg2 O-glycopeptides 423:437 O-glycopeptides 423:437 O-glycopeptides extracted and purified from an age matched healthy subject 423:496 A mixture of O-glycopeptides extracted and purified from an age matched healthy subject served as the control. 25243357 3 8 theme urine 571:575 arg1 fraction 577:584 the investigated urine fraction 554:584 the investigated urine fraction from Schindler disease 554:607 49 glycoforms were discovered in the investigated urine fraction from Schindler disease versus only 14 in control urine. 25243357 1 9 theme Schindler 384:392 arg1 I 407:407 Schindler disease type I 384:407 Schindler disease type I 384:407 In this study an integrative mass spectrometry (MS) approach based on fully automated chip-nanoelectrospray quadrupole time-of-flight was optimized and applied for the discovery and structural characterization of O-glycopeptides in a fraction from the urine of a patient diagnosed with Schindler disease type I. 25243357 5 10 theme chain 986:990 arg1 glycans 992:998 long chain glycans 981:998 long chain glycans 981:998 A number of 29 species discovered here, most of which with long chain glycans, were not previously reported as associated to this condition. 25243357 4 11 theme described 707:715 arg1 significance 678:689 relevant biological significance 658:689 relevant biological significance 658:689 Structures with relevant biological significance, previously not described, such as O-fucosylated tetrasaccharides and chains up to pentadecamers O-linked to serine, threonine, or threonine-proline were identified in the pathological urine and characterized by tandem MS (MS/MS). 25243357 4 11 theme described 707:715 arg1 pentadecamers 774:786 not described, such as O-fucosylated tetrasaccharides and chains up to pentadecamers 703:786 previously not described, such as O-fucosylated tetrasaccharides and chains up to pentadecamers O-linked to serine, threonine, or threonine-proline 692:838 Structures with relevant biological significance, previously not described, such as O-fucosylated tetrasaccharides and chains up to pentadecamers O-linked to serine, threonine, or threonine-proline were identified in the pathological urine and characterized by tandem MS (MS/MS). 25243357 1 12 theme disease 394:400 arg1 I 407:407 Schindler disease type I 384:407 Schindler disease type I 384:407 In this study an integrative mass spectrometry (MS) approach based on fully automated chip-nanoelectrospray quadrupole time-of-flight was optimized and applied for the discovery and structural characterization of O-glycopeptides in a fraction from the urine of a patient diagnosed with Schindler disease type I. 25243357 0 13 theme chip-nanoelectrospray 10:30 arg1 spectrometry 37:48 Automated chip-nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry 0:48 Automated chip-nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry for glycourinomics in Schindler 0:80 Automated chip-nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry for glycourinomics in Schindler disease type I. 25243357 1 14 theme type 402:405 arg1 I 407:407 Schindler disease type I 384:407 Schindler disease type I 384:407 In this study an integrative mass spectrometry (MS) approach based on fully automated chip-nanoelectrospray quadrupole time-of-flight was optimized and applied for the discovery and structural characterization of O-glycopeptides in a fraction from the urine of a patient diagnosed with Schindler disease type I. 25243357 4 15 theme tandem 903:908 arg1 MS/MS 914:918 MS/MS 914:918 MS/MS 914:918 Structures with relevant biological significance, previously not described, such as O-fucosylated tetrasaccharides and chains up to pentadecamers O-linked to serine, threonine, or threonine-proline were identified in the pathological urine and characterized by tandem MS (MS/MS). 25243357 4 15 theme tandem 903:908 arg1 MS 910:911 tandem MS 903:911 tandem MS (MS/MS) 903:919 Structures with relevant biological significance, previously not described, such as O-fucosylated tetrasaccharides and chains up to pentadecamers O-linked to serine, threonine, or threonine-proline were identified in the pathological urine and characterized by tandem MS (MS/MS). 25243357 3 16 theme Schindler 591:599 arg1 disease 601:607 Schindler disease 591:607 Schindler disease 591:607 49 glycoforms were discovered in the investigated urine fraction from Schindler disease versus only 14 in control urine. 25243357 6 17 from range 1176:1180 arg1 situated 1150:1157 situated 1150:1157 situated 1150:1157 All glycopeptides were detected in only 1 min analysis time, with a sample consumption situated in the femtomole range. 25243357 1 18 theme automated 174:182 arg1 time-of-flight 217:230 fully automated chip-nanoelectrospray quadrupole time-of-flight 168:230 fully automated chip-nanoelectrospray quadrupole time-of-flight 168:230 In this study an integrative mass spectrometry (MS) approach based on fully automated chip-nanoelectrospray quadrupole time-of-flight was optimized and applied for the discovery and structural characterization of O-glycopeptides in a fraction from the urine of a patient diagnosed with Schindler disease type I. 25243357 0 19 theme Automated 0:8 arg1 spectrometry 37:48 Automated chip-nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry 0:48 Automated chip-nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry for glycourinomics in Schindler 0:80 Automated chip-nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry for glycourinomics in Schindler disease type I. 25243357 6 20 theme situated 1150:1157 arg1 consumption 1138:1148 a sample consumption 1129:1148 a sample consumption situated in the femtomole range 1129:1180 All glycopeptides were detected in only 1 min analysis time, with a sample consumption situated in the femtomole range. 25243357 1 21 theme chip-nanoelectrospray 184:204 arg1 time-of-flight 217:230 fully automated chip-nanoelectrospray quadrupole time-of-flight 168:230 fully automated chip-nanoelectrospray quadrupole time-of-flight 168:230 In this study an integrative mass spectrometry (MS) approach based on fully automated chip-nanoelectrospray quadrupole time-of-flight was optimized and applied for the discovery and structural characterization of O-glycopeptides in a fraction from the urine of a patient diagnosed with Schindler disease type I. 25243357 1 22 theme O-glycopeptides 311:325 arg1 discovery 266:274 discovery 266:274 discovery 266:274 In this study an integrative mass spectrometry (MS) approach based on fully automated chip-nanoelectrospray quadrupole time-of-flight was optimized and applied for the discovery and structural characterization of O-glycopeptides in a fraction from the urine of a patient diagnosed with Schindler disease type I. 25243357 1 22 theme O-glycopeptides 311:325 arg1 characterization 291:306 structural characterization 280:306 structural characterization 280:306 In this study an integrative mass spectrometry (MS) approach based on fully automated chip-nanoelectrospray quadrupole time-of-flight was optimized and applied for the discovery and structural characterization of O-glycopeptides in a fraction from the urine of a patient diagnosed with Schindler disease type I. 25243357 6 23 theme sample 1131:1136 arg1 consumption 1138:1148 a sample consumption 1129:1148 a sample consumption situated in the femtomole range 1129:1180 All glycopeptides were detected in only 1 min analysis time, with a sample consumption situated in the femtomole range. 25243357 0 24 dep type 90:93 arg1 spectrometry 37:48 Automated chip-nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry 0:48 Automated chip-nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry for glycourinomics in Schindler 0:80 Automated chip-nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry for glycourinomics in Schindler disease type I. 25243357 4 25 with Structures 642:651 arg1 significance 678:689 relevant biological significance 658:689 relevant biological significance 658:689 Structures with relevant biological significance, previously not described, such as O-fucosylated tetrasaccharides and chains up to pentadecamers O-linked to serine, threonine, or threonine-proline were identified in the pathological urine and characterized by tandem MS (MS/MS). 25243357 4 25 with Structures 642:651 arg1 pentadecamers 774:786 not described, such as O-fucosylated tetrasaccharides and chains up to pentadecamers 703:786 previously not described, such as O-fucosylated tetrasaccharides and chains up to pentadecamers O-linked to serine, threonine, or threonine-proline 692:838 Structures with relevant biological significance, previously not described, such as O-fucosylated tetrasaccharides and chains up to pentadecamers O-linked to serine, threonine, or threonine-proline were identified in the pathological urine and characterized by tandem MS (MS/MS). 25243357 1 26 theme quadrupole 206:215 arg1 time-of-flight 217:230 fully automated chip-nanoelectrospray quadrupole time-of-flight 168:230 fully automated chip-nanoelectrospray quadrupole time-of-flight 168:230 In this study an integrative mass spectrometry (MS) approach based on fully automated chip-nanoelectrospray quadrupole time-of-flight was optimized and applied for the discovery and structural characterization of O-glycopeptides in a fraction from the urine of a patient diagnosed with Schindler disease type I. 25243357 0 27 theme mass 32:35 arg1 spectrometry 37:48 Automated chip-nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry 0:48 Automated chip-nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry for glycourinomics in Schindler 0:80 Automated chip-nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry for glycourinomics in Schindler disease type I. 25243357 1 28 from characterization 291:306 arg1 fraction 332:339 a fraction 330:339 a fraction from the urine of a patient diagnosed with Schindler disease type I 330:407 In this study an integrative mass spectrometry (MS) approach based on fully automated chip-nanoelectrospray quadrupole time-of-flight was optimized and applied for the discovery and structural characterization of O-glycopeptides in a fraction from the urine of a patient diagnosed with Schindler disease type I. 25243357 1 28 from characterization 291:306 arg1 urine 350:354 the urine 346:354 the urine of a patient diagnosed with Schindler disease type I 346:407 In this study an integrative mass spectrometry (MS) approach based on fully automated chip-nanoelectrospray quadrupole time-of-flight was optimized and applied for the discovery and structural characterization of O-glycopeptides in a fraction from the urine of a patient diagnosed with Schindler disease type I. 25243357 4 29 theme O-linked 788:795 arg1 significance 678:689 relevant biological significance 658:689 relevant biological significance 658:689 Structures with relevant biological significance, previously not described, such as O-fucosylated tetrasaccharides and chains up to pentadecamers O-linked to serine, threonine, or threonine-proline were identified in the pathological urine and characterized by tandem MS (MS/MS). 25243357 4 29 theme O-linked 788:795 arg1 pentadecamers 774:786 not described, such as O-fucosylated tetrasaccharides and chains up to pentadecamers 703:786 previously not described, such as O-fucosylated tetrasaccharides and chains up to pentadecamers O-linked to serine, threonine, or threonine-proline 692:838 Structures with relevant biological significance, previously not described, such as O-fucosylated tetrasaccharides and chains up to pentadecamers O-linked to serine, threonine, or threonine-proline were identified in the pathological urine and characterized by tandem MS (MS/MS). 25243357 3 30 from 14 621:622 arg1 urine 635:639 control urine 627:639 control urine 627:639 49 glycoforms were discovered in the investigated urine fraction from Schindler disease versus only 14 in control urine. 25243357 6 31 dep min 1105:1107 arg1 1 1103:1103 1 1103:1103 1 1103:1103 All glycopeptides were detected in only 1 min analysis time, with a sample consumption situated in the femtomole range. 25243357 5 32 theme species 937:943 arg1 number 924:929 A number 922:929 A number of 29 species discovered here, most of which with long chain glycans, 922:999 A number of 29 species discovered here, most of which with long chain glycans, were not previously reported as associated to this condition. 25243357 1 33 from discovery 266:274 arg1 fraction 332:339 a fraction 330:339 a fraction from the urine of a patient diagnosed with Schindler disease type I 330:407 In this study an integrative mass spectrometry (MS) approach based on fully automated chip-nanoelectrospray quadrupole time-of-flight was optimized and applied for the discovery and structural characterization of O-glycopeptides in a fraction from the urine of a patient diagnosed with Schindler disease type I. 25243357 1 33 from discovery 266:274 arg1 urine 350:354 the urine 346:354 the urine of a patient diagnosed with Schindler disease type I 346:407 In this study an integrative mass spectrometry (MS) approach based on fully automated chip-nanoelectrospray quadrupole time-of-flight was optimized and applied for the discovery and structural characterization of O-glycopeptides in a fraction from the urine of a patient diagnosed with Schindler disease type I. 25243357 2 34 dep O-glycopeptides 423:437 arg1 purified 453:460 purified 453:460 purified from an age matched healthy subject 453:496 A mixture of O-glycopeptides extracted and purified from an age matched healthy subject served as the control. 25243357 2 34 dep O-glycopeptides 423:437 arg1 extracted 439:447 extracted 439:447 extracted 439:447 A mixture of O-glycopeptides extracted and purified from an age matched healthy subject served as the control. 25243357 6 35 from situated 1150:1157 arg1 range 1176:1180 the femtomole range 1162:1180 the femtomole range 1162:1180 All glycopeptides were detected in only 1 min analysis time, with a sample consumption situated in the femtomole range. 25243357 2 36 theme O-glycopeptides 423:437 arg1 control 512:518 the control 508:518 the control 508:518 A mixture of O-glycopeptides extracted and purified from an age matched healthy subject served as the control. 25243357 2 36 theme O-glycopeptides 423:437 arg1 mixture 412:418 A mixture 410:418 A mixture of O-glycopeptides extracted and purified from an age matched healthy subject 410:496 A mixture of O-glycopeptides extracted and purified from an age matched healthy subject served as the control. 25243357 1 37 gly O-glycopeptides 311:325 arg2 O-glycopeptides 311:325 O-glycopeptides 311:325 O-glycopeptides 311:325 In this study an integrative mass spectrometry (MS) approach based on fully automated chip-nanoelectrospray quadrupole time-of-flight was optimized and applied for the discovery and structural characterization of O-glycopeptides in a fraction from the urine of a patient diagnosed with Schindler disease type I. 25243357 4 38 theme biological 667:676 arg1 significance 678:689 relevant biological significance 658:689 relevant biological significance 658:689 Structures with relevant biological significance, previously not described, such as O-fucosylated tetrasaccharides and chains up to pentadecamers O-linked to serine, threonine, or threonine-proline were identified in the pathological urine and characterized by tandem MS (MS/MS). 25243357 4 38 theme biological 667:676 arg1 pentadecamers 774:786 not described, such as O-fucosylated tetrasaccharides and chains up to pentadecamers 703:786 previously not described, such as O-fucosylated tetrasaccharides and chains up to pentadecamers O-linked to serine, threonine, or threonine-proline 692:838 Structures with relevant biological significance, previously not described, such as O-fucosylated tetrasaccharides and chains up to pentadecamers O-linked to serine, threonine, or threonine-proline were identified in the pathological urine and characterized by tandem MS (MS/MS). 25243357 2 39 theme healthy 482:488 arg1 subject 490:496 an age matched healthy subject 467:496 an age matched healthy subject 467:496 A mixture of O-glycopeptides extracted and purified from an age matched healthy subject served as the control. 25243357 5 40 theme long 981:984 arg1 glycans 992:998 long chain glycans 981:998 long chain glycans 981:998 A number of 29 species discovered here, most of which with long chain glycans, were not previously reported as associated to this condition. 25243357 1 41 theme integrative 115:125 arg1 spectrometry 132:143 integrative mass spectrometry 115:143 an integrative mass spectrometry (MS) approach based on fully automated chip-nanoelectrospray quadrupole time-of-flight 112:230 In this study an integrative mass spectrometry (MS) approach based on fully automated chip-nanoelectrospray quadrupole time-of-flight was optimized and applied for the discovery and structural characterization of O-glycopeptides in a fraction from the urine of a patient diagnosed with Schindler disease type I. 25243357 1 41 theme integrative 115:125 arg1 MS 146:147 MS 146:147 MS 146:147 In this study an integrative mass spectrometry (MS) approach based on fully automated chip-nanoelectrospray quadrupole time-of-flight was optimized and applied for the discovery and structural characterization of O-glycopeptides in a fraction from the urine of a patient diagnosed with Schindler disease type I. 25243357 2 42 theme matched 474:480 arg1 subject 490:496 an age matched healthy subject 467:496 an age matched healthy subject 467:496 A mixture of O-glycopeptides extracted and purified from an age matched healthy subject served as the control. 25243357 4 43 theme pathological 863:874 arg1 urine 876:880 the pathological urine 859:880 the pathological urine 859:880 Structures with relevant biological significance, previously not described, such as O-fucosylated tetrasaccharides and chains up to pentadecamers O-linked to serine, threonine, or threonine-proline were identified in the pathological urine and characterized by tandem MS (MS/MS). 25243357 1 44 theme mass 127:130 arg1 spectrometry 132:143 integrative mass spectrometry 115:143 an integrative mass spectrometry (MS) approach based on fully automated chip-nanoelectrospray quadrupole time-of-flight 112:230 In this study an integrative mass spectrometry (MS) approach based on fully automated chip-nanoelectrospray quadrupole time-of-flight was optimized and applied for the discovery and structural characterization of O-glycopeptides in a fraction from the urine of a patient diagnosed with Schindler disease type I. 25243357 1 44 theme mass 127:130 arg1 MS 146:147 MS 146:147 MS 146:147 In this study an integrative mass spectrometry (MS) approach based on fully automated chip-nanoelectrospray quadrupole time-of-flight was optimized and applied for the discovery and structural characterization of O-glycopeptides in a fraction from the urine of a patient diagnosed with Schindler disease type I. 25243357 6 45 gly glycopeptides 1067:1079 arg2 glycopeptides 1067:1079 All glycopeptides 1063:1079 All glycopeptides 1063:1079 All glycopeptides were detected in only 1 min analysis time, with a sample consumption situated in the femtomole range. 25243357 6 46 theme femtomole 1166:1174 arg1 range 1176:1180 the femtomole range 1162:1180 the femtomole range 1162:1180 All glycopeptides were detected in only 1 min analysis time, with a sample consumption situated in the femtomole range. 25243357 4 47 dep described 707:715 arg1 such 718:721 such 718:721 such 718:721 Structures with relevant biological significance, previously not described, such as O-fucosylated tetrasaccharides and chains up to pentadecamers O-linked to serine, threonine, or threonine-proline were identified in the pathological urine and characterized by tandem MS (MS/MS). 25243357 1 48 theme spectrometry 132:143 arg1 approach 150:157 an integrative mass spectrometry (MS) approach 112:157 an integrative mass spectrometry (MS) approach based on fully automated chip-nanoelectrospray quadrupole time-of-flight 112:230 In this study an integrative mass spectrometry (MS) approach based on fully automated chip-nanoelectrospray quadrupole time-of-flight was optimized and applied for the discovery and structural characterization of O-glycopeptides in a fraction from the urine of a patient diagnosed with Schindler disease type I. 25243357 4 49 gly O-fucosylated 726:738 arg1 tetrasaccharides 740:755 O-fucosylated tetrasaccharides 726:755 O-fucosylated tetrasaccharides 726:755 Structures with relevant biological significance, previously not described, such as O-fucosylated tetrasaccharides and chains up to pentadecamers O-linked to serine, threonine, or threonine-proline were identified in the pathological urine and characterized by tandem MS (MS/MS). 25243357 1 50 dep discovery 266:274 arg1 the 262:264 the 262:264 the 262:264 In this study an integrative mass spectrometry (MS) approach based on fully automated chip-nanoelectrospray quadrupole time-of-flight was optimized and applied for the discovery and structural characterization of O-glycopeptides in a fraction from the urine of a patient diagnosed with Schindler disease type I. 25243357 6 51 dep time 1118:1121 arg1 min 1105:1107 min 1105:1107 min 1105:1107 All glycopeptides were detected in only 1 min analysis time, with a sample consumption situated in the femtomole range. 25243357 4 52 dep to 771:772 arg1 up 768:769 up 768:769 up 768:769 Structures with relevant biological significance, previously not described, such as O-fucosylated tetrasaccharides and chains up to pentadecamers O-linked to serine, threonine, or threonine-proline were identified in the pathological urine and characterized by tandem MS (MS/MS). 25243357 3 53 theme control 627:633 arg1 urine 635:639 control urine 627:639 control urine 627:639 49 glycoforms were discovered in the investigated urine fraction from Schindler disease versus only 14 in control urine. 25243357 4 54 theme relevant 658:665 arg1 significance 678:689 relevant biological significance 658:689 relevant biological significance 658:689 Structures with relevant biological significance, previously not described, such as O-fucosylated tetrasaccharides and chains up to pentadecamers O-linked to serine, threonine, or threonine-proline were identified in the pathological urine and characterized by tandem MS (MS/MS). 25243357 4 54 theme relevant 658:665 arg1 pentadecamers 774:786 not described, such as O-fucosylated tetrasaccharides and chains up to pentadecamers 703:786 previously not described, such as O-fucosylated tetrasaccharides and chains up to pentadecamers O-linked to serine, threonine, or threonine-proline 692:838 Structures with relevant biological significance, previously not described, such as O-fucosylated tetrasaccharides and chains up to pentadecamers O-linked to serine, threonine, or threonine-proline were identified in the pathological urine and characterized by tandem MS (MS/MS). 25243357 6 55 theme analysis 1109:1116 arg1 time 1118:1121 only 1 min analysis time 1098:1121 only 1 min analysis time 1098:1121 All glycopeptides were detected in only 1 min analysis time, with a sample consumption situated in the femtomole range. 25243357 3 56 from disease 601:607 arg1 fraction 577:584 the investigated urine fraction 554:584 the investigated urine fraction from Schindler disease 554:607 49 glycoforms were discovered in the investigated urine fraction from Schindler disease versus only 14 in control urine. 25243357 0 57 theme disease 82:88 arg1 type 90:93 disease type I 82:95 disease type I 82:95 Automated chip-nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry for glycourinomics in Schindler disease type I. 25243357 0 58 from spectrometry 37:48 arg1 Schindler 72:80 Schindler 72:80 Schindler 72:80 Automated chip-nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry for glycourinomics in Schindler disease type I. 25243357 5 59 with most 962:965 arg1 glycans 992:998 long chain glycans 981:998 long chain glycans 981:998 A number of 29 species discovered here, most of which with long chain glycans, were not previously reported as associated to this condition. 25243357 4 60 link O-linked 788:795 arg1 significance 678:689 relevant biological significance 658:689 relevant biological significance 658:689 Structures with relevant biological significance, previously not described, such as O-fucosylated tetrasaccharides and chains up to pentadecamers O-linked to serine, threonine, or threonine-proline were identified in the pathological urine and characterized by tandem MS (MS/MS). 25243357 4 60 link O-linked 788:795 arg1 pentadecamers 774:786 not described, such as O-fucosylated tetrasaccharides and chains up to pentadecamers 703:786 previously not described, such as O-fucosylated tetrasaccharides and chains up to pentadecamers O-linked to serine, threonine, or threonine-proline 692:838 Structures with relevant biological significance, previously not described, such as O-fucosylated tetrasaccharides and chains up to pentadecamers O-linked to serine, threonine, or threonine-proline were identified in the pathological urine and characterized by tandem MS (MS/MS). 27987838 3 0 theme liquid/solid 573:584 arg1 ratio 586:590 liquid/solid ratio 573:590 liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w 573:601 The pH of 1.3, temperature of 90°C, time of 79.8min and liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w were determined as optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%). 27987838 3 0 theme liquid/solid 573:584 arg1 pH 521:522 The pH 517:522 The pH of 1.3 517:529 The pH of 1.3, temperature of 90°C, time of 79.8min and liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w were determined as optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%). 27987838 3 0 theme liquid/solid 573:584 arg1 conditions 630:639 optimal conditions 622:639 optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%) 622:722 The pH of 1.3, temperature of 90°C, time of 79.8min and liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w were determined as optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%). 27987838 3 0 theme liquid/solid 573:584 arg1 time 553:556 time 553:556 time of 79.8min 553:567 The pH of 1.3, temperature of 90°C, time of 79.8min and liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w were determined as optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%). 27987838 3 0 theme liquid/solid 573:584 arg1 temperature 532:542 temperature 532:542 temperature of 90°C 532:550 The pH of 1.3, temperature of 90°C, time of 79.8min and liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w were determined as optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%). 27987838 0 1 from carrot 12:17 arg1 Pectin 0:5 Pectin 0:5 Pectin from carrot 0:17 Pectin from carrot pomace: Optimization of extraction and physicochemical properties. 27987838 2 2 theme methoxyl 481:488 arg1 pectin 453:458 this pectin 448:458 this pectin 448:458 The results showed that the pectin yield ranged from 5.0 to 15.2% and also, this pectin is classified as low methoxyl pectin (DE of 22.1-51.8%). 27987838 2 2 theme methoxyl 481:488 arg1 pectin 490:495 low methoxyl pectin 477:495 low methoxyl pectin 477:495 The results showed that the pectin yield ranged from 5.0 to 15.2% and also, this pectin is classified as low methoxyl pectin (DE of 22.1-51.8%). 27987838 3 3 theme predicted 699:707 arg1 yield 656:660 a maximum yield 646:660 a maximum yield 646:660 The pH of 1.3, temperature of 90°C, time of 79.8min and liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w were determined as optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%). 27987838 3 3 theme predicted 699:707 arg1 values 709:714 the predicted values 695:714 the predicted values (16.0%) 695:722 The pH of 1.3, temperature of 90°C, time of 79.8min and liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w were determined as optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%). 27987838 3 3 theme predicted 699:707 arg1 % 721:721 16.0% 717:721 16.0% 717:721 The pH of 1.3, temperature of 90°C, time of 79.8min and liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w were determined as optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%). 27987838 5 4 theme pectin 972:977 arg1 solutions 979:987 carrot pectin solutions 965:987 carrot pectin solutions 965:987 Furthermore, carrot pectin solutions exhibited viscous and pseudoplastic behavior at 1% w/v. 27987838 1 5 theme liquid/solid 270:281 arg1 ratio 283:287 liquid/solid ratio 270:287 liquid/solid ratio (10-50v/w) 270:298 In this study, the central composite design for four variables in five levels was applied to determine the effects of pH (0.5-2.5), temperature (50-90°C), heating time (30-150min) and liquid/solid ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE) of carrot pomace pectin. 27987838 1 5 theme liquid/solid 270:281 arg1 10-50v/w 290:297 10-50v/w 290:297 10-50v/w 290:297 In this study, the central composite design for four variables in five levels was applied to determine the effects of pH (0.5-2.5), temperature (50-90°C), heating time (30-150min) and liquid/solid ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE) of carrot pomace pectin. 27987838 1 6 theme ratio 283:287 arg1 effects 193:199 the effects 189:199 the effects of pH (0.5-2.5), temperature (50-90°C), heating time (30-150min) and liquid/solid ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE) of carrot pomace pectin 189:369 In this study, the central composite design for four variables in five levels was applied to determine the effects of pH (0.5-2.5), temperature (50-90°C), heating time (30-150min) and liquid/solid ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE) of carrot pomace pectin. 27987838 2 7 theme low 477:479 arg1 pectin 453:458 this pectin 448:458 this pectin 448:458 The results showed that the pectin yield ranged from 5.0 to 15.2% and also, this pectin is classified as low methoxyl pectin (DE of 22.1-51.8%). 27987838 2 7 theme low 477:479 arg1 pectin 490:495 low methoxyl pectin 477:495 low methoxyl pectin 477:495 The results showed that the pectin yield ranged from 5.0 to 15.2% and also, this pectin is classified as low methoxyl pectin (DE of 22.1-51.8%). 27987838 1 8 from variables 139:147 arg1 levels 157:162 five levels 152:162 five levels 152:162 In this study, the central composite design for four variables in five levels was applied to determine the effects of pH (0.5-2.5), temperature (50-90°C), heating time (30-150min) and liquid/solid ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE) of carrot pomace pectin. 27987838 4 9 theme extraction 743:752 arg1 conditions 754:763 the optimal extraction conditions 731:763 the optimal extraction conditions 731:763 Under the optimal extraction conditions, the galacturonic acid content and emulsifying activity were 75.5 and 60.3% respectively; moreover, the emulsions had a high stability at two different storage temperatures (4 and 23°C). 27987838 5 10 theme % 1038:1038 arg1 w/v 1040:1042 1% w/v 1037:1042 1% w/v 1037:1042 Furthermore, carrot pectin solutions exhibited viscous and pseudoplastic behavior at 1% w/v. 27987838 1 11 theme carrot 350:355 arg1 pectin 364:369 carrot pomace pectin 350:369 carrot pomace pectin 350:369 In this study, the central composite design for four variables in five levels was applied to determine the effects of pH (0.5-2.5), temperature (50-90°C), heating time (30-150min) and liquid/solid ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE) of carrot pomace pectin. 27987838 1 12 theme temperature 218:228 arg1 effects 193:199 the effects 189:199 the effects of pH (0.5-2.5), temperature (50-90°C), heating time (30-150min) and liquid/solid ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE) of carrot pomace pectin 189:369 In this study, the central composite design for four variables in five levels was applied to determine the effects of pH (0.5-2.5), temperature (50-90°C), heating time (30-150min) and liquid/solid ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE) of carrot pomace pectin. 27987838 2 13 dep 15.2 432:435 arg1 to 429:430 to 429:430 to 429:430 The results showed that the pectin yield ranged from 5.0 to 15.2% and also, this pectin is classified as low methoxyl pectin (DE of 22.1-51.8%). 27987838 1 14 theme pomace 357:362 arg1 pectin 364:369 carrot pomace pectin 350:369 carrot pomace pectin 350:369 In this study, the central composite design for four variables in five levels was applied to determine the effects of pH (0.5-2.5), temperature (50-90°C), heating time (30-150min) and liquid/solid ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE) of carrot pomace pectin. 27987838 4 15 theme storage 917:923 arg1 temperatures 925:936 two different storage temperatures 903:936 two different storage temperatures (4 and 23°C) 903:949 Under the optimal extraction conditions, the galacturonic acid content and emulsifying activity were 75.5 and 60.3% respectively; moreover, the emulsions had a high stability at two different storage temperatures (4 and 23°C). 27987838 5 16 theme viscous 999:1005 arg1 behavior 1025:1032 viscous and pseudoplastic behavior 999:1032 viscous and pseudoplastic behavior 999:1032 Furthermore, carrot pectin solutions exhibited viscous and pseudoplastic behavior at 1% w/v. 27987838 3 17 theme 79.8min 561:567 arg1 ratio 586:590 liquid/solid ratio 573:590 liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w 573:601 The pH of 1.3, temperature of 90°C, time of 79.8min and liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w were determined as optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%). 27987838 3 17 theme 79.8min 561:567 arg1 pH 521:522 The pH 517:522 The pH of 1.3 517:529 The pH of 1.3, temperature of 90°C, time of 79.8min and liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w were determined as optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%). 27987838 3 17 theme 79.8min 561:567 arg1 conditions 630:639 optimal conditions 622:639 optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%) 622:722 The pH of 1.3, temperature of 90°C, time of 79.8min and liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w were determined as optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%). 27987838 3 17 theme 79.8min 561:567 arg1 temperature 532:542 temperature 532:542 temperature of 90°C 532:550 The pH of 1.3, temperature of 90°C, time of 79.8min and liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w were determined as optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%). 27987838 3 17 theme 79.8min 561:567 arg1 time 553:556 time 553:556 time of 79.8min 553:567 The pH of 1.3, temperature of 90°C, time of 79.8min and liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w were determined as optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%). 27987838 4 18 contain had 879:881 arg1 emulsions 869:877 the emulsions 865:877 the emulsions 865:877 Under the optimal extraction conditions, the galacturonic acid content and emulsifying activity were 75.5 and 60.3% respectively; moreover, the emulsions had a high stability at two different storage temperatures (4 and 23°C). 27987838 4 18 contain had 879:881 arg2 stability 890:898 a high stability 883:898 a high stability 883:898 Under the optimal extraction conditions, the galacturonic acid content and emulsifying activity were 75.5 and 60.3% respectively; moreover, the emulsions had a high stability at two different storage temperatures (4 and 23°C). 27987838 1 19 theme pectin 364:369 arg1 DE 343:344 DE 343:344 DE 343:344 In this study, the central composite design for four variables in five levels was applied to determine the effects of pH (0.5-2.5), temperature (50-90°C), heating time (30-150min) and liquid/solid ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE) of carrot pomace pectin. 27987838 1 19 theme pectin 364:369 arg1 esterification 327:340 esterification 327:340 esterification (DE) of carrot pomace pectin 327:369 In this study, the central composite design for four variables in five levels was applied to determine the effects of pH (0.5-2.5), temperature (50-90°C), heating time (30-150min) and liquid/solid ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE) of carrot pomace pectin. 27987838 4 20 theme different 907:915 arg1 temperatures 925:936 two different storage temperatures 903:936 two different storage temperatures (4 and 23°C) 903:949 Under the optimal extraction conditions, the galacturonic acid content and emulsifying activity were 75.5 and 60.3% respectively; moreover, the emulsions had a high stability at two different storage temperatures (4 and 23°C). 27987838 3 21 theme maximum 648:654 arg1 yield 656:660 a maximum yield 646:660 a maximum yield 646:660 The pH of 1.3, temperature of 90°C, time of 79.8min and liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w were determined as optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%). 27987838 3 21 theme maximum 648:654 arg1 values 709:714 the predicted values 695:714 the predicted values (16.0%) 695:722 The pH of 1.3, temperature of 90°C, time of 79.8min and liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w were determined as optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%). 27987838 5 22 theme pseudoplastic 1011:1023 arg1 behavior 1025:1032 viscous and pseudoplastic behavior 999:1032 viscous and pseudoplastic behavior 999:1032 Furthermore, carrot pectin solutions exhibited viscous and pseudoplastic behavior at 1% w/v. 27987838 0 23 theme properties 74:83 arg1 Optimization 27:38 Optimization 27:38 Optimization of extraction and physicochemical properties 27:83 Pectin from carrot pomace: Optimization of extraction and physicochemical properties. 27987838 4 24 theme galacturonic 770:781 arg1 % 839:839 75.5 and 60.3% 826:839 % 839:839 Under the optimal extraction conditions, the galacturonic acid content and emulsifying activity were 75.5 and 60.3% respectively; moreover, the emulsions had a high stability at two different storage temperatures (4 and 23°C). 27987838 4 24 theme galacturonic 770:781 arg1 content 788:794 the galacturonic acid content 766:794 the galacturonic acid content 766:794 Under the optimal extraction conditions, the galacturonic acid content and emulsifying activity were 75.5 and 60.3% respectively; moreover, the emulsions had a high stability at two different storage temperatures (4 and 23°C). 27987838 4 25 theme 75.5 826:829 arg1 content 788:794 the galacturonic acid content 766:794 the galacturonic acid content 766:794 Under the optimal extraction conditions, the galacturonic acid content and emulsifying activity were 75.5 and 60.3% respectively; moreover, the emulsions had a high stability at two different storage temperatures (4 and 23°C). 27987838 4 25 theme 75.5 826:829 arg1 % 839:839 75.5 and 60.3% 826:839 % 839:839 Under the optimal extraction conditions, the galacturonic acid content and emulsifying activity were 75.5 and 60.3% respectively; moreover, the emulsions had a high stability at two different storage temperatures (4 and 23°C). 27987838 4 26 theme high 885:888 arg1 stability 890:898 a high stability 883:898 a high stability 883:898 Under the optimal extraction conditions, the galacturonic acid content and emulsifying activity were 75.5 and 60.3% respectively; moreover, the emulsions had a high stability at two different storage temperatures (4 and 23°C). 27987838 4 27 theme 60.3 835:838 arg1 content 788:794 the galacturonic acid content 766:794 the galacturonic acid content 766:794 Under the optimal extraction conditions, the galacturonic acid content and emulsifying activity were 75.5 and 60.3% respectively; moreover, the emulsions had a high stability at two different storage temperatures (4 and 23°C). 27987838 4 27 theme 60.3 835:838 arg1 % 839:839 75.5 and 60.3% 826:839 % 839:839 Under the optimal extraction conditions, the galacturonic acid content and emulsifying activity were 75.5 and 60.3% respectively; moreover, the emulsions had a high stability at two different storage temperatures (4 and 23°C). 27987838 4 28 theme emulsifying 800:810 arg1 activity 812:819 emulsifying activity 800:819 emulsifying activity 800:819 Under the optimal extraction conditions, the galacturonic acid content and emulsifying activity were 75.5 and 60.3% respectively; moreover, the emulsions had a high stability at two different storage temperatures (4 and 23°C). 27987838 1 29 theme heating 241:247 arg1 30-150min 255:263 30-150min 255:263 30-150min 255:263 In this study, the central composite design for four variables in five levels was applied to determine the effects of pH (0.5-2.5), temperature (50-90°C), heating time (30-150min) and liquid/solid ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE) of carrot pomace pectin. 27987838 1 29 theme heating 241:247 arg1 time 249:252 heating time 241:252 heating time (30-150min) 241:264 In this study, the central composite design for four variables in five levels was applied to determine the effects of pH (0.5-2.5), temperature (50-90°C), heating time (30-150min) and liquid/solid ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE) of carrot pomace pectin. 27987838 2 30 dep classified 463:472 arg1 DE 498:499 DE 498:499 DE 498:499 The results showed that the pectin yield ranged from 5.0 to 15.2% and also, this pectin is classified as low methoxyl pectin (DE of 22.1-51.8%). 27987838 1 31 theme time 249:252 arg1 effects 193:199 the effects 189:199 the effects of pH (0.5-2.5), temperature (50-90°C), heating time (30-150min) and liquid/solid ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE) of carrot pomace pectin 189:369 In this study, the central composite design for four variables in five levels was applied to determine the effects of pH (0.5-2.5), temperature (50-90°C), heating time (30-150min) and liquid/solid ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE) of carrot pomace pectin. 27987838 3 32 theme optimal 622:628 arg1 ratio 586:590 liquid/solid ratio 573:590 liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w 573:601 The pH of 1.3, temperature of 90°C, time of 79.8min and liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w were determined as optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%). 27987838 3 32 theme optimal 622:628 arg1 pH 521:522 The pH 517:522 The pH of 1.3 517:529 The pH of 1.3, temperature of 90°C, time of 79.8min and liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w were determined as optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%). 27987838 3 32 theme optimal 622:628 arg1 conditions 630:639 optimal conditions 622:639 optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%) 622:722 The pH of 1.3, temperature of 90°C, time of 79.8min and liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w were determined as optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%). 27987838 3 32 theme optimal 622:628 arg1 time 553:556 time 553:556 time of 79.8min 553:567 The pH of 1.3, temperature of 90°C, time of 79.8min and liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w were determined as optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%). 27987838 3 32 theme optimal 622:628 arg1 temperature 532:542 temperature 532:542 temperature of 90°C 532:550 The pH of 1.3, temperature of 90°C, time of 79.8min and liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w were determined as optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%). 27987838 5 33 theme carrot 965:970 arg1 solutions 979:987 carrot pectin solutions 965:987 carrot pectin solutions 965:987 Furthermore, carrot pectin solutions exhibited viscous and pseudoplastic behavior at 1% w/v. 27987838 0 34 theme extraction 43:52 arg1 Optimization 27:38 Optimization 27:38 Optimization of extraction and physicochemical properties 27:83 Pectin from carrot pomace: Optimization of extraction and physicochemical properties. 27987838 4 35 dep temperatures 925:936 arg1 23°C 945:948 23°C 945:948 23°C 945:948 Under the optimal extraction conditions, the galacturonic acid content and emulsifying activity were 75.5 and 60.3% respectively; moreover, the emulsions had a high stability at two different storage temperatures (4 and 23°C). 27987838 4 35 dep temperatures 925:936 arg1 4 939:939 4 939:939 4 939:939 Under the optimal extraction conditions, the galacturonic acid content and emulsifying activity were 75.5 and 60.3% respectively; moreover, the emulsions had a high stability at two different storage temperatures (4 and 23°C). 27987838 1 36 from effects 193:199 arg1 degree 317:322 degree 317:322 degree 317:322 In this study, the central composite design for four variables in five levels was applied to determine the effects of pH (0.5-2.5), temperature (50-90°C), heating time (30-150min) and liquid/solid ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE) of carrot pomace pectin. 27987838 1 36 from effects 193:199 arg1 yield 307:311 yield 307:311 yield 307:311 In this study, the central composite design for four variables in five levels was applied to determine the effects of pH (0.5-2.5), temperature (50-90°C), heating time (30-150min) and liquid/solid ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE) of carrot pomace pectin. 27987838 3 37 theme 23.3v/w 595:601 arg1 ratio 586:590 liquid/solid ratio 573:590 liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w 573:601 The pH of 1.3, temperature of 90°C, time of 79.8min and liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w were determined as optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%). 27987838 3 37 theme 23.3v/w 595:601 arg1 pH 521:522 The pH 517:522 The pH of 1.3 517:529 The pH of 1.3, temperature of 90°C, time of 79.8min and liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w were determined as optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%). 27987838 3 37 theme 23.3v/w 595:601 arg1 conditions 630:639 optimal conditions 622:639 optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%) 622:722 The pH of 1.3, temperature of 90°C, time of 79.8min and liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w were determined as optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%). 27987838 3 37 theme 23.3v/w 595:601 arg1 temperature 532:542 temperature 532:542 temperature of 90°C 532:550 The pH of 1.3, temperature of 90°C, time of 79.8min and liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w were determined as optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%). 27987838 3 37 theme 23.3v/w 595:601 arg1 time 553:556 time 553:556 time of 79.8min 553:567 The pH of 1.3, temperature of 90°C, time of 79.8min and liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w were determined as optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%). 27987838 1 38 theme esterification 327:340 arg1 degree 317:322 degree 317:322 degree 317:322 In this study, the central composite design for four variables in five levels was applied to determine the effects of pH (0.5-2.5), temperature (50-90°C), heating time (30-150min) and liquid/solid ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE) of carrot pomace pectin. 27987838 1 38 theme esterification 327:340 arg1 yield 307:311 yield 307:311 yield 307:311 In this study, the central composite design for four variables in five levels was applied to determine the effects of pH (0.5-2.5), temperature (50-90°C), heating time (30-150min) and liquid/solid ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE) of carrot pomace pectin. 27987838 1 39 theme central 105:111 arg1 design 123:128 the central composite design 101:128 the central composite design for four variables in five levels 101:162 In this study, the central composite design for four variables in five levels was applied to determine the effects of pH (0.5-2.5), temperature (50-90°C), heating time (30-150min) and liquid/solid ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE) of carrot pomace pectin. 27987838 3 40 theme 1.3 527:529 arg1 ratio 586:590 liquid/solid ratio 573:590 liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w 573:601 The pH of 1.3, temperature of 90°C, time of 79.8min and liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w were determined as optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%). 27987838 3 40 theme 1.3 527:529 arg1 pH 521:522 The pH 517:522 The pH of 1.3 517:529 The pH of 1.3, temperature of 90°C, time of 79.8min and liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w were determined as optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%). 27987838 3 40 theme 1.3 527:529 arg1 conditions 630:639 optimal conditions 622:639 optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%) 622:722 The pH of 1.3, temperature of 90°C, time of 79.8min and liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w were determined as optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%). 27987838 3 40 theme 1.3 527:529 arg1 temperature 532:542 temperature 532:542 temperature of 90°C 532:550 The pH of 1.3, temperature of 90°C, time of 79.8min and liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w were determined as optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%). 27987838 3 40 theme 1.3 527:529 arg1 time 553:556 time 553:556 time of 79.8min 553:567 The pH of 1.3, temperature of 90°C, time of 79.8min and liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w were determined as optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%). 27987838 1 41 theme composite 113:121 arg1 design 123:128 the central composite design 101:128 the central composite design for four variables in five levels 101:162 In this study, the central composite design for four variables in five levels was applied to determine the effects of pH (0.5-2.5), temperature (50-90°C), heating time (30-150min) and liquid/solid ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE) of carrot pomace pectin. 27987838 4 42 theme acid 783:786 arg1 % 839:839 75.5 and 60.3% 826:839 % 839:839 Under the optimal extraction conditions, the galacturonic acid content and emulsifying activity were 75.5 and 60.3% respectively; moreover, the emulsions had a high stability at two different storage temperatures (4 and 23°C). 27987838 4 42 theme acid 783:786 arg1 content 788:794 the galacturonic acid content 766:794 the galacturonic acid content 766:794 Under the optimal extraction conditions, the galacturonic acid content and emulsifying activity were 75.5 and 60.3% respectively; moreover, the emulsions had a high stability at two different storage temperatures (4 and 23°C). 27987838 3 43 theme % 673:673 arg1 yield 656:660 a maximum yield 646:660 a maximum yield 646:660 The pH of 1.3, temperature of 90°C, time of 79.8min and liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w were determined as optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%). 27987838 3 43 theme % 673:673 arg1 values 709:714 the predicted values 695:714 the predicted values (16.0%) 695:722 The pH of 1.3, temperature of 90°C, time of 79.8min and liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w were determined as optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%). 27987838 1 44 theme pH 204:205 arg1 effects 193:199 the effects 189:199 the effects of pH (0.5-2.5), temperature (50-90°C), heating time (30-150min) and liquid/solid ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE) of carrot pomace pectin 189:369 In this study, the central composite design for four variables in five levels was applied to determine the effects of pH (0.5-2.5), temperature (50-90°C), heating time (30-150min) and liquid/solid ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE) of carrot pomace pectin. 27987838 0 45 theme physicochemical 58:72 arg1 properties 74:83 physicochemical properties 58:83 physicochemical properties 58:83 Pectin from carrot pomace: Optimization of extraction and physicochemical properties. 27987838 3 46 with conditions 630:639 arg1 yield 656:660 a maximum yield 646:660 a maximum yield 646:660 The pH of 1.3, temperature of 90°C, time of 79.8min and liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w were determined as optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%). 27987838 3 46 with conditions 630:639 arg1 values 709:714 the predicted values 695:714 the predicted values (16.0%) 695:722 The pH of 1.3, temperature of 90°C, time of 79.8min and liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w were determined as optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%). 27987838 1 47 dep yield 307:311 arg1 the 303:305 the 303:305 the 303:305 In this study, the central composite design for four variables in five levels was applied to determine the effects of pH (0.5-2.5), temperature (50-90°C), heating time (30-150min) and liquid/solid ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE) of carrot pomace pectin. 27987838 2 48 theme pectin 400:405 arg1 yield 407:411 the pectin yield 396:411 the pectin yield 396:411 The results showed that the pectin yield ranged from 5.0 to 15.2% and also, this pectin is classified as low methoxyl pectin (DE of 22.1-51.8%). 27987838 3 49 theme 90°C 547:550 arg1 ratio 586:590 liquid/solid ratio 573:590 liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w 573:601 The pH of 1.3, temperature of 90°C, time of 79.8min and liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w were determined as optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%). 27987838 3 49 theme 90°C 547:550 arg1 pH 521:522 The pH 517:522 The pH of 1.3 517:529 The pH of 1.3, temperature of 90°C, time of 79.8min and liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w were determined as optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%). 27987838 3 49 theme 90°C 547:550 arg1 conditions 630:639 optimal conditions 622:639 optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%) 622:722 The pH of 1.3, temperature of 90°C, time of 79.8min and liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w were determined as optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%). 27987838 3 49 theme 90°C 547:550 arg1 temperature 532:542 temperature 532:542 temperature of 90°C 532:550 The pH of 1.3, temperature of 90°C, time of 79.8min and liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w were determined as optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%). 27987838 3 49 theme 90°C 547:550 arg1 time 553:556 time 553:556 time of 79.8min 553:567 The pH of 1.3, temperature of 90°C, time of 79.8min and liquid/solid ratio of 23.3v/w were determined as optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 15.6±0.5%, which was close to the predicted values (16.0%). 27987838 4 50 theme optimal 735:741 arg1 conditions 754:763 the optimal extraction conditions 731:763 the optimal extraction conditions 731:763 Under the optimal extraction conditions, the galacturonic acid content and emulsifying activity were 75.5 and 60.3% respectively; moreover, the emulsions had a high stability at two different storage temperatures (4 and 23°C). 25201790 10 0 theme increased 1473:1481 arg1 fibroblast 1483:1492 an increased fibroblast 1470:1492 an increased fibroblast 1470:1492 The histological evaluation of skin sections visualized by light microscopy revealed an improved collagen deposition and an increased fibroblast and vascular densities. 25201790 6 1 theme generated 869:877 arg1 oligosaccharides 879:894 the generated oligosaccharides 865:894 the generated oligosaccharides 865:894 The potent role of the generated oligosaccharides on rats wound healing was investigated. 25201790 10 2 theme improved 1437:1444 arg1 deposition 1455:1464 an improved collagen deposition 1434:1464 an improved collagen deposition 1434:1464 The histological evaluation of skin sections visualized by light microscopy revealed an improved collagen deposition and an increased fibroblast and vascular densities. 25201790 10 3 theme histological 1353:1364 arg1 evaluation 1366:1375 The histological evaluation 1349:1375 The histological evaluation of skin sections visualized by light microscopy 1349:1423 The histological evaluation of skin sections visualized by light microscopy revealed an improved collagen deposition and an increased fibroblast and vascular densities. 25201790 5 4 theme galactose 765:773 arg1 units 775:779 galactose units 765:779 galactose units [→3)-Gal-(1→] branched 765:802 The glycosyl linkage positions were analyzed using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry showing a main chain composed of galactose units [→3)-Gal-(1→] branched mainly with arabinose residues [Ara-(1→]. 25201790 2 5 from use 282:284 arg1 pharmaceuticals 298:312 pharmaceuticals 298:312 pharmaceuticals 298:312 Its abundance, as well as its low cost production makes it a potential feedstock for use in food and pharmaceuticals. 25201790 2 5 from use 282:284 arg1 food 289:292 food 289:292 food 289:292 Its abundance, as well as its low cost production makes it a potential feedstock for use in food and pharmaceuticals. 25201790 7 6 theme cream 1015:1019 arg1 formulation 1021:1031 cream formulation 1015:1031 cream formulation 1015:1031 They have been applied either alone or supplemented, as active substance, with cream formulation, on full-thickness wound created on the dorsum of the rats. 25201790 10 7 theme vascular 1498:1505 arg1 densities 1507:1515 an increased fibroblast and vascular densities 1470:1515 an increased fibroblast and vascular densities 1470:1515 The histological evaluation of skin sections visualized by light microscopy revealed an improved collagen deposition and an increased fibroblast and vascular densities. 25201790 9 8 theme same 1339:1342 arg1 day 1344:1346 the same day 1335:1346 the same day 1335:1346 The healing percentage for the control group was only 74.3% at the same day. 25201790 0 9 theme dermal 87:92 arg1 wounds 94:99 dermal wounds 87:99 dermal wounds of adult rats 87:113 Healing efficiency of oligosaccharides generated from almond gum (Prunus amygdalus) on dermal wounds of adult rats. 25201790 4 10 theme Oligosaccharide 496:510 arg1 analyses 512:519 Oligosaccharide analyses 496:519 Oligosaccharide analyses 496:519 Oligosaccharide analyses show that the most prominent residues were galactose and arabinose with traces of xylose, rhamnose, glucose and mannose. 25201790 5 11 theme glycosyl 646:653 arg1 positions 663:671 The glycosyl linkage positions 642:671 The glycosyl linkage positions 642:671 The glycosyl linkage positions were analyzed using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry showing a main chain composed of galactose units [→3)-Gal-(1→] branched mainly with arabinose residues [Ara-(1→]. 25201790 4 12 with galactose 564:572 arg1 traces 593:598 traces 593:598 traces of xylose, rhamnose, glucose and mannose 593:639 Oligosaccharide analyses show that the most prominent residues were galactose and arabinose with traces of xylose, rhamnose, glucose and mannose. 25201790 0 13 from gum 61:63 arg1 wounds 94:99 dermal wounds 87:99 dermal wounds of adult rats 87:113 Healing efficiency of oligosaccharides generated from almond gum (Prunus amygdalus) on dermal wounds of adult rats. 25201790 5 14 theme linkage 655:661 arg1 positions 663:671 The glycosyl linkage positions 642:671 The glycosyl linkage positions 642:671 The glycosyl linkage positions were analyzed using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry showing a main chain composed of galactose units [→3)-Gal-(1→] branched mainly with arabinose residues [Ara-(1→]. 25201790 0 15 theme Healing 0:6 arg1 efficiency 8:17 Healing efficiency 0:17 Healing efficiency of oligosaccharides 0:37 Healing efficiency of oligosaccharides generated from almond gum (Prunus amygdalus) on dermal wounds of adult rats. 25201790 3 16 theme gas 450:452 arg1 detector 486:493 gas chromatography-flame ionization detector 450:493 gas chromatography-flame ionization detector 450:493 In this regard, almond gum oligosaccharides were enzymatically generated, purified and their monosaccharide composition assessed using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. 25201790 6 17 from role 857:860 arg1 healing 910:916 rats wound healing 899:916 rats wound healing 899:916 The potent role of the generated oligosaccharides on rats wound healing was investigated. 25201790 6 18 theme potent 850:855 arg1 role 857:860 The potent role 846:860 The potent role of the generated oligosaccharides on rats wound healing 846:916 The potent role of the generated oligosaccharides on rats wound healing was investigated. 25201790 2 19 theme cost 231:234 arg1 production 236:245 its low cost production 223:245 its low cost production 223:245 Its abundance, as well as its low cost production makes it a potential feedstock for use in food and pharmaceuticals. 25201790 1 20 theme occurring 142:150 arg1 polymer 152:158 a naturally occurring polymer 130:158 a naturally occurring polymer produced by almond trees and shrubs 130:194 Almond gum is a naturally occurring polymer produced by almond trees and shrubs. 25201790 1 20 theme occurring 142:150 arg1 gum 123:125 Almond gum 116:125 Almond gum 116:125 Almond gum is a naturally occurring polymer produced by almond trees and shrubs. 25201790 5 21 theme main 742:745 arg1 chain 747:751 a main chain 740:751 a main chain composed of galactose units [→3)-Gal-(1→] branched 740:802 The glycosyl linkage positions were analyzed using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry showing a main chain composed of galactose units [→3)-Gal-(1→] branched mainly with arabinose residues [Ara-(1→]. 25201790 10 22 theme light 1408:1412 arg1 microscopy 1414:1423 light microscopy 1408:1423 light microscopy 1408:1423 The histological evaluation of skin sections visualized by light microscopy revealed an improved collagen deposition and an increased fibroblast and vascular densities. 25201790 2 23 theme low 227:229 arg1 production 236:245 its low cost production 223:245 its low cost production 223:245 Its abundance, as well as its low cost production makes it a potential feedstock for use in food and pharmaceuticals. 25201790 10 24 theme sections 1385:1392 arg1 evaluation 1366:1375 The histological evaluation 1349:1375 The histological evaluation of skin sections visualized by light microscopy 1349:1423 The histological evaluation of skin sections visualized by light microscopy revealed an improved collagen deposition and an increased fibroblast and vascular densities. 25201790 3 25 theme almond 331:336 arg1 oligosaccharides 342:357 almond gum oligosaccharides 331:357 almond gum oligosaccharides 331:357 In this regard, almond gum oligosaccharides were enzymatically generated, purified and their monosaccharide composition assessed using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. 25201790 8 26 theme oligosaccharides 1107:1122 arg1 effect 1097:1102 The effect 1093:1102 The effect of oligosaccharides 1093:1122 The effect of oligosaccharides was assessed by measuring the wound closure percentage, reaching an average of around 100% when applied alone or supplemented to cream formulation. 25201790 7 27 theme full-thickness 1037:1050 arg1 wound 1052:1056 full-thickness wound 1037:1056 full-thickness wound created on the dorsum of the rats 1037:1090 They have been applied either alone or supplemented, as active substance, with cream formulation, on full-thickness wound created on the dorsum of the rats. 25201790 2 28 theme potential 258:266 arg1 feedstock 268:276 a potential feedstock 256:276 a potential feedstock for use in food and pharmaceuticals 256:312 Its abundance, as well as its low cost production makes it a potential feedstock for use in food and pharmaceuticals. 25201790 0 29 theme oligosaccharides 22:37 arg1 efficiency 8:17 Healing efficiency 0:17 Healing efficiency of oligosaccharides 0:37 Healing efficiency of oligosaccharides generated from almond gum (Prunus amygdalus) on dermal wounds of adult rats. 25201790 4 30 theme prominent 540:548 arg1 residues 550:557 the most prominent residues 531:557 the most prominent residues 531:557 Oligosaccharide analyses show that the most prominent residues were galactose and arabinose with traces of xylose, rhamnose, glucose and mannose. 25201790 4 30 theme prominent 540:548 arg1 galactose 564:572 galactose 564:572 galactose 564:572 Oligosaccharide analyses show that the most prominent residues were galactose and arabinose with traces of xylose, rhamnose, glucose and mannose. 25201790 0 31 theme rats 110:113 arg1 wounds 94:99 dermal wounds 87:99 dermal wounds of adult rats 87:113 Healing efficiency of oligosaccharides generated from almond gum (Prunus amygdalus) on dermal wounds of adult rats. 25201790 10 32 theme skin 1380:1383 arg1 sections 1385:1392 skin sections 1380:1392 skin sections visualized by light microscopy 1380:1423 The histological evaluation of skin sections visualized by light microscopy revealed an improved collagen deposition and an increased fibroblast and vascular densities. 25201790 1 33 theme almond 172:177 arg1 trees 179:183 almond trees 172:183 almond trees 172:183 Almond gum is a naturally occurring polymer produced by almond trees and shrubs. 25201790 5 34 theme branched 795:802 arg1 units 775:779 galactose units 765:779 galactose units [→3)-Gal-(1→] branched 765:802 The glycosyl linkage positions were analyzed using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry showing a main chain composed of galactose units [→3)-Gal-(1→] branched mainly with arabinose residues [Ara-(1→]. 25201790 0 35 theme adult 104:108 arg1 rats 110:113 adult rats 104:113 adult rats 104:113 Healing efficiency of oligosaccharides generated from almond gum (Prunus amygdalus) on dermal wounds of adult rats. 25201790 7 36 dep applied 951:957 arg1 either 959:964 either 959:964 either 959:964 They have been applied either alone or supplemented, as active substance, with cream formulation, on full-thickness wound created on the dorsum of the rats. 25201790 7 36 dep applied 951:957 arg1 supplemented 975:986 supplemented 975:986 supplemented 975:986 They have been applied either alone or supplemented, as active substance, with cream formulation, on full-thickness wound created on the dorsum of the rats. 25201790 8 37 theme closure 1160:1166 arg1 percentage 1168:1177 the wound closure percentage 1150:1177 the wound closure percentage 1150:1177 The effect of oligosaccharides was assessed by measuring the wound closure percentage, reaching an average of around 100% when applied alone or supplemented to cream formulation. 25201790 3 38 dep generated 378:386 arg1 purified 389:396 purified 389:396 purified 389:396 In this regard, almond gum oligosaccharides were enzymatically generated, purified and their monosaccharide composition assessed using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. 25201790 7 39 dep either 959:964 arg1 alone 966:970 alone 966:970 alone 966:970 They have been applied either alone or supplemented, as active substance, with cream formulation, on full-thickness wound created on the dorsum of the rats. 25201790 5 40 theme arabinose 816:824 arg1 residues 826:833 arabinose residues [Ara-(1→] 816:843 arabinose residues [Ara-(1→] 816:843 The glycosyl linkage positions were analyzed using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry showing a main chain composed of galactose units [→3)-Gal-(1→] branched mainly with arabinose residues [Ara-(1→]. 25201790 8 41 theme wound 1154:1158 arg1 percentage 1168:1177 the wound closure percentage 1150:1177 the wound closure percentage 1150:1177 The effect of oligosaccharides was assessed by measuring the wound closure percentage, reaching an average of around 100% when applied alone or supplemented to cream formulation. 25201790 5 42 theme mass 714:717 arg1 spectrometry 719:730 mass spectrometry 714:730 mass spectrometry 714:730 The glycosyl linkage positions were analyzed using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry showing a main chain composed of galactose units [→3)-Gal-(1→] branched mainly with arabinose residues [Ara-(1→]. 25201790 3 43 theme monosaccharide 408:421 arg1 composition 423:433 their monosaccharide composition 402:433 their monosaccharide composition 402:433 In this regard, almond gum oligosaccharides were enzymatically generated, purified and their monosaccharide composition assessed using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. 25201790 3 44 theme gum 338:340 arg1 oligosaccharides 342:357 almond gum oligosaccharides 331:357 almond gum oligosaccharides 331:357 In this regard, almond gum oligosaccharides were enzymatically generated, purified and their monosaccharide composition assessed using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. 25201790 6 45 theme wound 904:908 arg1 healing 910:916 rats wound healing 899:916 rats wound healing 899:916 The potent role of the generated oligosaccharides on rats wound healing was investigated. 25201790 9 46 theme healing 1276:1282 arg1 percentage 1284:1293 The healing percentage 1272:1293 The healing percentage for the control group 1272:1315 The healing percentage for the control group was only 74.3% at the same day. 25201790 9 46 theme healing 1276:1282 arg1 % 1330:1330 only 74.3% 1321:1330 only 74.3% 1321:1330 The healing percentage for the control group was only 74.3% at the same day. 25201790 3 47 theme chromatography-flame 454:473 arg1 detector 486:493 gas chromatography-flame ionization detector 450:493 gas chromatography-flame ionization detector 450:493 In this regard, almond gum oligosaccharides were enzymatically generated, purified and their monosaccharide composition assessed using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. 25201790 0 48 theme almond 54:59 arg1 amygdalus 73:81 Prunus amygdalus 66:81 Prunus amygdalus 66:81 Healing efficiency of oligosaccharides generated from almond gum (Prunus amygdalus) on dermal wounds of adult rats. 25201790 0 48 theme almond 54:59 arg1 gum 61:63 almond gum 54:63 almond gum (Prunus amygdalus) on dermal wounds of adult rats 54:113 Healing efficiency of oligosaccharides generated from almond gum (Prunus amygdalus) on dermal wounds of adult rats. 25201790 6 49 theme rats 899:902 arg1 healing 910:916 rats wound healing 899:916 rats wound healing 899:916 The potent role of the generated oligosaccharides on rats wound healing was investigated. 25201790 5 50 theme gas 693:695 arg1 chromatography 697:710 gas chromatography 693:710 gas chromatography 693:710 The glycosyl linkage positions were analyzed using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry showing a main chain composed of galactose units [→3)-Gal-(1→] branched mainly with arabinose residues [Ara-(1→]. 25201790 3 51 theme ionization 475:484 arg1 detector 486:493 gas chromatography-flame ionization detector 450:493 gas chromatography-flame ionization detector 450:493 In this regard, almond gum oligosaccharides were enzymatically generated, purified and their monosaccharide composition assessed using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. 25201790 10 52 theme collagen 1446:1453 arg1 deposition 1455:1464 an improved collagen deposition 1434:1464 an improved collagen deposition 1434:1464 The histological evaluation of skin sections visualized by light microscopy revealed an improved collagen deposition and an increased fibroblast and vascular densities. 25201790 9 53 from day 1344:1346 arg1 % 1330:1330 only 74.3% 1321:1330 only 74.3% 1321:1330 The healing percentage for the control group was only 74.3% at the same day. 25201790 9 53 from day 1344:1346 arg1 percentage 1284:1293 The healing percentage 1272:1293 The healing percentage for the control group 1272:1315 The healing percentage for the control group was only 74.3% at the same day. 25201790 7 54 theme rats 1087:1090 arg1 dorsum 1073:1078 the dorsum 1069:1078 the dorsum of the rats 1069:1090 They have been applied either alone or supplemented, as active substance, with cream formulation, on full-thickness wound created on the dorsum of the rats. 25201790 4 55 theme xylose 603:608 arg1 traces 593:598 traces 593:598 traces of xylose, rhamnose, glucose and mannose 593:639 Oligosaccharide analyses show that the most prominent residues were galactose and arabinose with traces of xylose, rhamnose, glucose and mannose. 25201790 7 56 theme active 992:997 arg1 substance 999:1007 active substance 992:1007 active substance 992:1007 They have been applied either alone or supplemented, as active substance, with cream formulation, on full-thickness wound created on the dorsum of the rats. 25201790 7 56 theme active 992:997 arg1 They 936:939 They 936:939 They 936:939 They have been applied either alone or supplemented, as active substance, with cream formulation, on full-thickness wound created on the dorsum of the rats. 25201790 5 57 dep residues 826:833 arg1 1→ 841:842 1→ 841:842 1→ 841:842 The glycosyl linkage positions were analyzed using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry showing a main chain composed of galactose units [→3)-Gal-(1→] branched mainly with arabinose residues [Ara-(1→]. 25201790 5 57 dep residues 826:833 arg1 [Ara- 835:839 [Ara- 835:839 arabinose residues [Ara-(1→] 816:843 The glycosyl linkage positions were analyzed using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry showing a main chain composed of galactose units [→3)-Gal-(1→] branched mainly with arabinose residues [Ara-(1→]. 25201790 1 58 theme Almond 116:121 arg1 polymer 152:158 a naturally occurring polymer 130:158 a naturally occurring polymer produced by almond trees and shrubs 130:194 Almond gum is a naturally occurring polymer produced by almond trees and shrubs. 25201790 1 58 theme Almond 116:121 arg1 gum 123:125 Almond gum 116:125 Almond gum 116:125 Almond gum is a naturally occurring polymer produced by almond trees and shrubs. 25201790 0 59 theme Prunus 66:71 arg1 amygdalus 73:81 Prunus amygdalus 66:81 Prunus amygdalus 66:81 Healing efficiency of oligosaccharides generated from almond gum (Prunus amygdalus) on dermal wounds of adult rats. 25201790 0 59 theme Prunus 66:71 arg1 gum 61:63 almond gum 54:63 almond gum (Prunus amygdalus) on dermal wounds of adult rats 54:113 Healing efficiency of oligosaccharides generated from almond gum (Prunus amygdalus) on dermal wounds of adult rats. 25201790 8 60 theme % 1213:1213 arg1 average 1192:1198 an average 1189:1198 an average of around 100% 1189:1213 The effect of oligosaccharides was assessed by measuring the wound closure percentage, reaching an average of around 100% when applied alone or supplemented to cream formulation. 25201790 4 61 with arabinose 578:586 arg1 traces 593:598 traces 593:598 traces of xylose, rhamnose, glucose and mannose 593:639 Oligosaccharide analyses show that the most prominent residues were galactose and arabinose with traces of xylose, rhamnose, glucose and mannose. 25201790 8 62 theme cream 1253:1257 arg1 formulation 1259:1269 cream formulation 1253:1269 cream formulation 1253:1269 The effect of oligosaccharides was assessed by measuring the wound closure percentage, reaching an average of around 100% when applied alone or supplemented to cream formulation. 25201790 10 63 theme fibroblast 1483:1492 arg1 densities 1507:1515 an increased fibroblast and vascular densities 1470:1515 an increased fibroblast and vascular densities 1470:1515 The histological evaluation of skin sections visualized by light microscopy revealed an improved collagen deposition and an increased fibroblast and vascular densities. 25201790 6 64 theme oligosaccharides 879:894 arg1 role 857:860 The potent role 846:860 The potent role of the generated oligosaccharides on rats wound healing 846:916 The potent role of the generated oligosaccharides on rats wound healing was investigated. 25201790 9 65 theme control 1303:1309 arg1 group 1311:1315 the control group 1299:1315 the control group 1299:1315 The healing percentage for the control group was only 74.3% at the same day. 27665082 5 0 theme CNWs 774:777 arg1 content 779:785 5% CNWs content 771:785 5% CNWs content 771:785 The gelation time of injectable hydrogel with 5% CNWs content (formed at 37°C) was 25 seconds, which was much shorter than that (6038 seconds) of the neat CS/GP hydrogel. 27665082 4 1 theme neat 704:707 arg1 hydrogel 715:722 neat CS/GP hydrogel 704:722 neat CS/GP hydrogel 704:722 The maximum values of tensile strength and elongation at break were both more than 4 times larger than that of neat CS/GP hydrogel. 27665082 6 2 from interaction 1051:1061 arg1 process 1084:1090 the gel formation process 1066:1090 the gel formation process 1066:1090 In combination with results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), it was proved that CNWs functioned as a cross-linker through hydrogen bond interaction in the gel formation process, which might be the main reason for mechanical enhancement. 27665082 1 3 theme injectable 155:164 arg1 scaffold 303:310 tissue engineering scaffold 284:310 tissue engineering scaffold 284:310 The objective of current study was to prepare an injectable hydrogel with great mechanical properties and biological compatibility, which could be more suitable to be applied as tissue engineering scaffold. 27665082 1 3 theme injectable 155:164 arg1 suitable 258:265 suitable 258:265 suitable 258:265 The objective of current study was to prepare an injectable hydrogel with great mechanical properties and biological compatibility, which could be more suitable to be applied as tissue engineering scaffold. 27665082 1 3 theme injectable 155:164 arg1 hydrogel 166:173 an injectable hydrogel 152:173 an injectable hydrogel 152:173 The objective of current study was to prepare an injectable hydrogel with great mechanical properties and biological compatibility, which could be more suitable to be applied as tissue engineering scaffold. 27665082 4 4 theme tensile 615:621 arg1 strength 623:630 tensile strength 615:630 tensile strength 615:630 The maximum values of tensile strength and elongation at break were both more than 4 times larger than that of neat CS/GP hydrogel. 27665082 0 5 theme chitin 84:89 arg1 nano-whiskers 91:103 chitin nano-whiskers 84:103 chitin nano-whiskers 84:103 Preparation and characterization of chitosan based injectable hydrogels enhanced by chitin nano-whiskers. 27665082 1 6 with hydrogel 166:173 arg1 properties 197:206 great mechanical properties 180:206 great mechanical properties 180:206 The objective of current study was to prepare an injectable hydrogel with great mechanical properties and biological compatibility, which could be more suitable to be applied as tissue engineering scaffold. 27665082 1 6 with hydrogel 166:173 arg1 compatibility 223:235 biological compatibility 212:235 biological compatibility 212:235 The objective of current study was to prepare an injectable hydrogel with great mechanical properties and biological compatibility, which could be more suitable to be applied as tissue engineering scaffold. 27665082 4 7 theme CS/GP 709:713 arg1 hydrogel 715:722 neat CS/GP hydrogel 704:722 neat CS/GP hydrogel 704:722 The maximum values of tensile strength and elongation at break were both more than 4 times larger than that of neat CS/GP hydrogel. 27665082 6 8 theme bond 1046:1049 arg1 interaction 1051:1061 hydrogen bond interaction 1037:1061 hydrogen bond interaction 1037:1061 In combination with results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), it was proved that CNWs functioned as a cross-linker through hydrogen bond interaction in the gel formation process, which might be the main reason for mechanical enhancement. 27665082 6 8 theme bond 1046:1049 arg1 reason 1117:1122 the main reason 1108:1122 the main reason for mechanical enhancement 1108:1149 In combination with results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), it was proved that CNWs functioned as a cross-linker through hydrogen bond interaction in the gel formation process, which might be the main reason for mechanical enhancement. 27665082 3 9 from effects 437:443 arg1 speed 500:504 gelation speed 491:504 gelation speed 491:504 The effects of CNWs contents and gelation temperatures on gelation speed and mechanical properties of the composite hydrogels were characterized and discussed. 27665082 3 9 from effects 437:443 arg1 properties 521:530 mechanical properties 510:530 mechanical properties of the composite hydrogels 510:557 The effects of CNWs contents and gelation temperatures on gelation speed and mechanical properties of the composite hydrogels were characterized and discussed. 27665082 3 10 theme composite 539:547 arg1 hydrogels 549:557 the composite hydrogels 535:557 the composite hydrogels 535:557 The effects of CNWs contents and gelation temperatures on gelation speed and mechanical properties of the composite hydrogels were characterized and discussed. 27665082 6 11 with combination 899:909 arg1 results 916:922 results 916:922 results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) 916:973 In combination with results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), it was proved that CNWs functioned as a cross-linker through hydrogen bond interaction in the gel formation process, which might be the main reason for mechanical enhancement. 27665082 5 12 theme injectable 746:755 arg1 hydrogel 757:764 injectable hydrogel 746:764 injectable hydrogel with 5% CNWs content (formed at 37°C) 746:802 The gelation time of injectable hydrogel with 5% CNWs content (formed at 37°C) was 25 seconds, which was much shorter than that (6038 seconds) of the neat CS/GP hydrogel. 27665082 7 13 theme CNWs 1187:1190 arg1 content 1192:1198 higher CNWs content 1180:1198 higher CNWs content 1180:1198 Meanwhile, gels formed with higher CNWs content and gelation temperature had lower equilibrium swelling ratio and drug release rate. 27665082 2 14 theme chitosan/β-glycerophosphate 362:388 arg1 hydrogel 423:430 chitosan/β-glycerophosphate disodium salt (CS/GP) injectable hydrogel 362:430 chitosan/β-glycerophosphate disodium salt (CS/GP) injectable hydrogel 362:430 Chitin nano-whiskers (CNWs) were introduced into chitosan/β-glycerophosphate disodium salt (CS/GP) injectable hydrogel. 27665082 4 15 theme strength 623:630 arg1 times 678:682 times 678:682 times 678:682 The maximum values of tensile strength and elongation at break were both more than 4 times larger than that of neat CS/GP hydrogel. 27665082 4 15 theme strength 623:630 arg1 values 605:610 The maximum values 593:610 The maximum values of tensile strength and elongation at break 593:654 The maximum values of tensile strength and elongation at break were both more than 4 times larger than that of neat CS/GP hydrogel. 27665082 5 16 theme hydrogel 757:764 arg1 seconds 811:817 25 seconds 808:817 25 seconds 808:817 The gelation time of injectable hydrogel with 5% CNWs content (formed at 37°C) was 25 seconds, which was much shorter than that (6038 seconds) of the neat CS/GP hydrogel. 27665082 5 16 theme hydrogel 757:764 arg1 time 738:741 The gelation time 725:741 The gelation time of injectable hydrogel with 5% CNWs content (formed at 37°C) 725:802 The gelation time of injectable hydrogel with 5% CNWs content (formed at 37°C) was 25 seconds, which was much shorter than that (6038 seconds) of the neat CS/GP hydrogel. 27665082 3 17 theme mechanical 510:519 arg1 properties 521:530 mechanical properties 510:530 mechanical properties of the composite hydrogels 510:557 The effects of CNWs contents and gelation temperatures on gelation speed and mechanical properties of the composite hydrogels were characterized and discussed. 27665082 3 18 theme gelation 491:498 arg1 speed 500:504 gelation speed 491:504 gelation speed 491:504 The effects of CNWs contents and gelation temperatures on gelation speed and mechanical properties of the composite hydrogels were characterized and discussed. 27665082 6 19 theme main 1112:1115 arg1 interaction 1051:1061 hydrogen bond interaction 1037:1061 hydrogen bond interaction 1037:1061 In combination with results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), it was proved that CNWs functioned as a cross-linker through hydrogen bond interaction in the gel formation process, which might be the main reason for mechanical enhancement. 27665082 6 19 theme main 1112:1115 arg1 reason 1117:1122 the main reason 1108:1122 the main reason for mechanical enhancement 1108:1149 In combination with results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), it was proved that CNWs functioned as a cross-linker through hydrogen bond interaction in the gel formation process, which might be the main reason for mechanical enhancement. 27665082 1 20 theme mechanical 186:195 arg1 properties 197:206 great mechanical properties 180:206 great mechanical properties 180:206 The objective of current study was to prepare an injectable hydrogel with great mechanical properties and biological compatibility, which could be more suitable to be applied as tissue engineering scaffold. 27665082 2 21 theme injectable 412:421 arg1 hydrogel 423:430 chitosan/β-glycerophosphate disodium salt (CS/GP) injectable hydrogel 362:430 chitosan/β-glycerophosphate disodium salt (CS/GP) injectable hydrogel 362:430 Chitin nano-whiskers (CNWs) were introduced into chitosan/β-glycerophosphate disodium salt (CS/GP) injectable hydrogel. 27665082 6 22 theme gel 1070:1072 arg1 process 1084:1090 the gel formation process 1066:1090 the gel formation process 1066:1090 In combination with results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), it was proved that CNWs functioned as a cross-linker through hydrogen bond interaction in the gel formation process, which might be the main reason for mechanical enhancement. 27665082 8 23 theme hydrogel 1301:1308 arg1 Cytotoxicity 1285:1296 Cytotoxicity 1285:1296 Cytotoxicity of hydrogel in vitro 1285:1317 Cytotoxicity of hydrogel in vitro was studied by MTT method with a result of indicating a good biocompatibility of CNWs enhanced hydrogel. 27665082 1 24 theme great 180:184 arg1 properties 197:206 great mechanical properties 180:206 great mechanical properties 180:206 The objective of current study was to prepare an injectable hydrogel with great mechanical properties and biological compatibility, which could be more suitable to be applied as tissue engineering scaffold. 27665082 7 25 contain had 1225:1227 arg2 rate 1279:1282 lower equilibrium swelling ratio and drug release rate 1229:1282 lower equilibrium swelling ratio and drug release rate 1229:1282 Meanwhile, gels formed with higher CNWs content and gelation temperature had lower equilibrium swelling ratio and drug release rate. 27665082 7 25 contain had 1225:1227 arg1 Meanwhile 1152:1160 Meanwhile 1152:1160 Meanwhile 1152:1160 Meanwhile, gels formed with higher CNWs content and gelation temperature had lower equilibrium swelling ratio and drug release rate. 27665082 7 25 contain had 1225:1227 arg1 temperature 1213:1223 gelation temperature 1204:1223 gelation temperature 1204:1223 Meanwhile, gels formed with higher CNWs content and gelation temperature had lower equilibrium swelling ratio and drug release rate. 27665082 7 25 contain had 1225:1227 arg1 gels 1163:1166 gels 1163:1166 gels formed with higher CNWs content 1163:1198 Meanwhile, gels formed with higher CNWs content and gelation temperature had lower equilibrium swelling ratio and drug release rate. 27665082 7 26 theme equilibrium 1235:1245 arg1 ratio 1256:1260 equilibrium swelling ratio 1235:1260 equilibrium swelling ratio 1235:1260 Meanwhile, gels formed with higher CNWs content and gelation temperature had lower equilibrium swelling ratio and drug release rate. 27665082 2 27 theme CS/GP 405:409 arg1 hydrogel 423:430 chitosan/β-glycerophosphate disodium salt (CS/GP) injectable hydrogel 362:430 chitosan/β-glycerophosphate disodium salt (CS/GP) injectable hydrogel 362:430 Chitin nano-whiskers (CNWs) were introduced into chitosan/β-glycerophosphate disodium salt (CS/GP) injectable hydrogel. 27665082 7 28 theme lower 1229:1233 arg1 rate 1279:1282 lower equilibrium swelling ratio and drug release rate 1229:1282 lower equilibrium swelling ratio and drug release rate 1229:1282 Meanwhile, gels formed with higher CNWs content and gelation temperature had lower equilibrium swelling ratio and drug release rate. 27665082 3 29 theme CNWs 448:451 arg1 contents 453:460 CNWs contents 448:460 CNWs contents 448:460 The effects of CNWs contents and gelation temperatures on gelation speed and mechanical properties of the composite hydrogels were characterized and discussed. 27665082 1 30 theme tissue 284:289 arg1 engineering 291:301 tissue engineering 284:301 tissue engineering scaffold 284:310 The objective of current study was to prepare an injectable hydrogel with great mechanical properties and biological compatibility, which could be more suitable to be applied as tissue engineering scaffold. 27665082 2 31 theme Chitin 313:318 arg1 CNWs 335:338 CNWs 335:338 CNWs 335:338 Chitin nano-whiskers (CNWs) were introduced into chitosan/β-glycerophosphate disodium salt (CS/GP) injectable hydrogel. 27665082 2 31 theme Chitin 313:318 arg1 nano-whiskers 320:332 Chitin nano-whiskers 313:332 Chitin nano-whiskers (CNWs) 313:339 Chitin nano-whiskers (CNWs) were introduced into chitosan/β-glycerophosphate disodium salt (CS/GP) injectable hydrogel. 27665082 7 32 theme ratio 1256:1260 arg1 rate 1279:1282 lower equilibrium swelling ratio and drug release rate 1229:1282 lower equilibrium swelling ratio and drug release rate 1229:1282 Meanwhile, gels formed with higher CNWs content and gelation temperature had lower equilibrium swelling ratio and drug release rate. 27665082 7 33 theme swelling 1247:1254 arg1 ratio 1256:1260 equilibrium swelling ratio 1235:1260 equilibrium swelling ratio 1235:1260 Meanwhile, gels formed with higher CNWs content and gelation temperature had lower equilibrium swelling ratio and drug release rate. 27665082 1 34 theme engineering 291:301 arg1 scaffold 303:310 tissue engineering scaffold 284:310 tissue engineering scaffold 284:310 The objective of current study was to prepare an injectable hydrogel with great mechanical properties and biological compatibility, which could be more suitable to be applied as tissue engineering scaffold. 27665082 1 34 theme engineering 291:301 arg1 hydrogel 166:173 an injectable hydrogel 152:173 an injectable hydrogel 152:173 The objective of current study was to prepare an injectable hydrogel with great mechanical properties and biological compatibility, which could be more suitable to be applied as tissue engineering scaffold. 27665082 8 35 theme CNWs 1400:1403 arg1 biocompatibility 1380:1395 a good biocompatibility 1373:1395 a good biocompatibility of CNWs enhanced hydrogel 1373:1421 Cytotoxicity of hydrogel in vitro was studied by MTT method with a result of indicating a good biocompatibility of CNWs enhanced hydrogel. 27665082 8 36 theme MTT 1334:1336 arg1 method 1338:1343 MTT method 1334:1343 MTT method 1334:1343 Cytotoxicity of hydrogel in vitro was studied by MTT method with a result of indicating a good biocompatibility of CNWs enhanced hydrogel. 27665082 6 37 theme hydrogen 1037:1044 arg1 interaction 1051:1061 hydrogen bond interaction 1037:1061 hydrogen bond interaction 1037:1061 In combination with results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), it was proved that CNWs functioned as a cross-linker through hydrogen bond interaction in the gel formation process, which might be the main reason for mechanical enhancement. 27665082 6 37 theme hydrogen 1037:1044 arg1 reason 1117:1122 the main reason 1108:1122 the main reason for mechanical enhancement 1108:1149 In combination with results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), it was proved that CNWs functioned as a cross-linker through hydrogen bond interaction in the gel formation process, which might be the main reason for mechanical enhancement. 27665082 1 38 theme biological 212:221 arg1 compatibility 223:235 biological compatibility 212:235 biological compatibility 212:235 The objective of current study was to prepare an injectable hydrogel with great mechanical properties and biological compatibility, which could be more suitable to be applied as tissue engineering scaffold. 27665082 0 39 theme based 45:49 arg1 hydrogels 62:70 chitosan based injectable hydrogels 36:70 chitosan based injectable hydrogels 36:70 Preparation and characterization of chitosan based injectable hydrogels enhanced by chitin nano-whiskers. 27665082 4 40 theme maximum 597:603 arg1 times 678:682 times 678:682 times 678:682 The maximum values of tensile strength and elongation at break were both more than 4 times larger than that of neat CS/GP hydrogel. 27665082 4 40 theme maximum 597:603 arg1 values 605:610 The maximum values 593:610 The maximum values of tensile strength and elongation at break 593:654 The maximum values of tensile strength and elongation at break were both more than 4 times larger than that of neat CS/GP hydrogel. 27665082 5 41 theme gelation 729:736 arg1 seconds 811:817 25 seconds 808:817 25 seconds 808:817 The gelation time of injectable hydrogel with 5% CNWs content (formed at 37°C) was 25 seconds, which was much shorter than that (6038 seconds) of the neat CS/GP hydrogel. 27665082 5 41 theme gelation 729:736 arg1 time 738:741 The gelation time 725:741 The gelation time of injectable hydrogel with 5% CNWs content (formed at 37°C) 725:802 The gelation time of injectable hydrogel with 5% CNWs content (formed at 37°C) was 25 seconds, which was much shorter than that (6038 seconds) of the neat CS/GP hydrogel. 27665082 4 42 theme 4 676:676 arg1 times 678:682 times 678:682 times 678:682 The maximum values of tensile strength and elongation at break were both more than 4 times larger than that of neat CS/GP hydrogel. 27665082 4 42 theme 4 676:676 arg1 values 605:610 The maximum values 593:610 The maximum values of tensile strength and elongation at break 593:654 The maximum values of tensile strength and elongation at break were both more than 4 times larger than that of neat CS/GP hydrogel. 27665082 5 43 with hydrogel 757:764 arg1 content 779:785 5% CNWs content 771:785 5% CNWs content 771:785 The gelation time of injectable hydrogel with 5% CNWs content (formed at 37°C) was 25 seconds, which was much shorter than that (6038 seconds) of the neat CS/GP hydrogel. 27665082 7 44 theme release 1271:1277 arg1 rate 1279:1282 lower equilibrium swelling ratio and drug release rate 1229:1282 lower equilibrium swelling ratio and drug release rate 1229:1282 Meanwhile, gels formed with higher CNWs content and gelation temperature had lower equilibrium swelling ratio and drug release rate. 27665082 3 45 theme gelation 466:473 arg1 temperatures 475:486 gelation temperatures 466:486 gelation temperatures 466:486 The effects of CNWs contents and gelation temperatures on gelation speed and mechanical properties of the composite hydrogels were characterized and discussed. 27665082 0 46 theme chitosan 36:43 arg1 hydrogels 62:70 chitosan based injectable hydrogels 36:70 chitosan based injectable hydrogels 36:70 Preparation and characterization of chitosan based injectable hydrogels enhanced by chitin nano-whiskers. 27665082 7 47 theme drug 1266:1269 arg1 release 1271:1277 drug release 1266:1277 drug release 1266:1277 Meanwhile, gels formed with higher CNWs content and gelation temperature had lower equilibrium swelling ratio and drug release rate. 27665082 5 48 theme neat 875:878 arg1 hydrogel 886:893 the neat CS/GP hydrogel 871:893 the neat CS/GP hydrogel 871:893 The gelation time of injectable hydrogel with 5% CNWs content (formed at 37°C) was 25 seconds, which was much shorter than that (6038 seconds) of the neat CS/GP hydrogel. 27665082 3 49 theme temperatures 475:486 arg1 effects 437:443 The effects 433:443 The effects of CNWs contents and gelation temperatures on gelation speed and mechanical properties of the composite hydrogels 433:557 The effects of CNWs contents and gelation temperatures on gelation speed and mechanical properties of the composite hydrogels were characterized and discussed. 27665082 0 50 theme hydrogels 62:70 arg1 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 Preparation and characterization of chitosan based injectable hydrogels enhanced by chitin nano-whiskers. 27665082 0 50 theme hydrogels 62:70 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and characterization of chitosan based injectable hydrogels enhanced by chitin nano-whiskers. 27665082 3 51 theme contents 453:460 arg1 effects 437:443 The effects 433:443 The effects of CNWs contents and gelation temperatures on gelation speed and mechanical properties of the composite hydrogels 433:557 The effects of CNWs contents and gelation temperatures on gelation speed and mechanical properties of the composite hydrogels were characterized and discussed. 27665082 6 52 theme formation 1074:1082 arg1 process 1084:1090 the gel formation process 1066:1090 the gel formation process 1066:1090 In combination with results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), it was proved that CNWs functioned as a cross-linker through hydrogen bond interaction in the gel formation process, which might be the main reason for mechanical enhancement. 27665082 1 53 theme current 123:129 arg1 study 131:135 current study 123:135 current study 123:135 The objective of current study was to prepare an injectable hydrogel with great mechanical properties and biological compatibility, which could be more suitable to be applied as tissue engineering scaffold. 27665082 0 54 theme injectable 51:60 arg1 hydrogels 62:70 chitosan based injectable hydrogels 36:70 chitosan based injectable hydrogels 36:70 Preparation and characterization of chitosan based injectable hydrogels enhanced by chitin nano-whiskers. 27665082 1 55 theme study 131:135 arg1 objective 110:118 The objective 106:118 The objective of current study 106:135 The objective of current study was to prepare an injectable hydrogel with great mechanical properties and biological compatibility, which could be more suitable to be applied as tissue engineering scaffold. 27665082 8 56 theme good 1375:1378 arg1 biocompatibility 1380:1395 a good biocompatibility 1373:1395 a good biocompatibility of CNWs enhanced hydrogel 1373:1421 Cytotoxicity of hydrogel in vitro was studied by MTT method with a result of indicating a good biocompatibility of CNWs enhanced hydrogel. 27665082 6 57 theme mechanical 1128:1137 arg1 enhancement 1139:1149 mechanical enhancement 1128:1149 mechanical enhancement 1128:1149 In combination with results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), it was proved that CNWs functioned as a cross-linker through hydrogen bond interaction in the gel formation process, which might be the main reason for mechanical enhancement. 27665082 5 58 theme % 772:772 arg1 content 779:785 5% CNWs content 771:785 5% CNWs content 771:785 The gelation time of injectable hydrogel with 5% CNWs content (formed at 37°C) was 25 seconds, which was much shorter than that (6038 seconds) of the neat CS/GP hydrogel. 27665082 5 59 theme CS/GP 880:884 arg1 hydrogel 886:893 the neat CS/GP hydrogel 871:893 the neat CS/GP hydrogel 871:893 The gelation time of injectable hydrogel with 5% CNWs content (formed at 37°C) was 25 seconds, which was much shorter than that (6038 seconds) of the neat CS/GP hydrogel. 27665082 6 60 dep transform 935:943 arg1 infrared 945:952 infrared 945:952 transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) 935:973 In combination with results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), it was proved that CNWs functioned as a cross-linker through hydrogen bond interaction in the gel formation process, which might be the main reason for mechanical enhancement. 27665082 3 61 theme hydrogels 549:557 arg1 speed 500:504 gelation speed 491:504 gelation speed 491:504 The effects of CNWs contents and gelation temperatures on gelation speed and mechanical properties of the composite hydrogels were characterized and discussed. 27665082 3 61 theme hydrogels 549:557 arg1 properties 521:530 mechanical properties 510:530 mechanical properties of the composite hydrogels 510:557 The effects of CNWs contents and gelation temperatures on gelation speed and mechanical properties of the composite hydrogels were characterized and discussed. 27665082 6 62 theme Fourier 927:933 arg1 results 916:922 results 916:922 results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) 916:973 In combination with results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), it was proved that CNWs functioned as a cross-linker through hydrogen bond interaction in the gel formation process, which might be the main reason for mechanical enhancement. 27665082 4 63 theme elongation 636:645 arg1 times 678:682 times 678:682 times 678:682 The maximum values of tensile strength and elongation at break were both more than 4 times larger than that of neat CS/GP hydrogel. 27665082 4 63 theme elongation 636:645 arg1 values 605:610 The maximum values 593:610 The maximum values of tensile strength and elongation at break 593:654 The maximum values of tensile strength and elongation at break were both more than 4 times larger than that of neat CS/GP hydrogel. 27665082 5 64 theme 5 771:771 arg1 % 772:772 % 772:772 % 772:772 The gelation time of injectable hydrogel with 5% CNWs content (formed at 37°C) was 25 seconds, which was much shorter than that (6038 seconds) of the neat CS/GP hydrogel. 27665082 6 65 dep Fourier 927:933 arg1 transform 935:943 transform 935:943 transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) 935:973 In combination with results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), it was proved that CNWs functioned as a cross-linker through hydrogen bond interaction in the gel formation process, which might be the main reason for mechanical enhancement. 27665082 2 66 theme salt 399:402 arg1 hydrogel 423:430 chitosan/β-glycerophosphate disodium salt (CS/GP) injectable hydrogel 362:430 chitosan/β-glycerophosphate disodium salt (CS/GP) injectable hydrogel 362:430 Chitin nano-whiskers (CNWs) were introduced into chitosan/β-glycerophosphate disodium salt (CS/GP) injectable hydrogel. 27665082 4 67 from break 650:654 arg1 times 678:682 times 678:682 times 678:682 The maximum values of tensile strength and elongation at break were both more than 4 times larger than that of neat CS/GP hydrogel. 27665082 4 67 from break 650:654 arg1 values 605:610 The maximum values 593:610 The maximum values of tensile strength and elongation at break 593:654 The maximum values of tensile strength and elongation at break were both more than 4 times larger than that of neat CS/GP hydrogel. 27665082 4 68 dep times 678:682 arg1 larger 684:689 larger 684:689 larger 684:689 The maximum values of tensile strength and elongation at break were both more than 4 times larger than that of neat CS/GP hydrogel. 27665082 4 68 dep times 678:682 arg1 both 661:664 both 661:664 both 661:664 The maximum values of tensile strength and elongation at break were both more than 4 times larger than that of neat CS/GP hydrogel. 27665082 7 69 theme gelation 1204:1211 arg1 temperature 1213:1223 gelation temperature 1204:1223 gelation temperature 1204:1223 Meanwhile, gels formed with higher CNWs content and gelation temperature had lower equilibrium swelling ratio and drug release rate. 27665082 2 70 theme disodium 390:397 arg1 hydrogel 423:430 chitosan/β-glycerophosphate disodium salt (CS/GP) injectable hydrogel 362:430 chitosan/β-glycerophosphate disodium salt (CS/GP) injectable hydrogel 362:430 Chitin nano-whiskers (CNWs) were introduced into chitosan/β-glycerophosphate disodium salt (CS/GP) injectable hydrogel. 27665082 7 71 theme higher 1180:1185 arg1 content 1192:1198 higher CNWs content 1180:1198 higher CNWs content 1180:1198 Meanwhile, gels formed with higher CNWs content and gelation temperature had lower equilibrium swelling ratio and drug release rate. 29292144 0 0 theme cyprinacea 81:90 arg1 control 92:98 Lernaea cyprinacea control 73:98 Lernaea cyprinacea control 73:98 Chitosan-silver nanocomposites in goldfish aquaria: A new perspective in Lernaea cyprinacea control. 29292144 4 1 theme Carassius 501:509 arg1 goldfish 491:498 goldfish 491:498 goldfish (Carassius auratus) 491:518 The disease was detected in goldfish (Carassius auratus) aquaria during the spring. 29292144 4 1 theme Carassius 501:509 arg1 auratus 511:517 Carassius auratus 501:517 Carassius auratus 501:517 The disease was detected in goldfish (Carassius auratus) aquaria during the spring. 29292144 5 2 theme scanning 668:675 arg1 microscopy 686:695 scanning electron microscopy 668:695 scanning electron microscopy 668:695 Molecular and morphometric characterizations of the parasite were performed using polymerase chain reaction for rRNA and scanning electron microscopy. 29292144 11 3 theme potential 1394:1402 arg1 agents 1422:1427 potential parasitic control agents 1394:1427 potential parasitic control agents for ornamental glass aquaria 1394:1456 Therefore, we concluded that chitosan-silver nanocomposites are potential parasitic control agents for ornamental glass aquaria, as they have detrimental effects on aquatic predators, such as copepods. 29292144 11 3 theme potential 1394:1402 arg1 nanocomposites 1375:1388 chitosan-silver nanocomposites 1359:1388 chitosan-silver nanocomposites 1359:1388 Therefore, we concluded that chitosan-silver nanocomposites are potential parasitic control agents for ornamental glass aquaria, as they have detrimental effects on aquatic predators, such as copepods. 29292144 10 4 theme injury 1317:1322 arg1 site 1324:1327 the parasitic injury site 1303:1327 the parasitic injury site 1303:1327 Moreover, the pathological findings indicated rapid skin wound healing and renewal at the parasitic injury site. 29292144 0 5 theme Lernaea 73:79 arg1 control 92:98 Lernaea cyprinacea control 73:98 Lernaea cyprinacea control 73:98 Chitosan-silver nanocomposites in goldfish aquaria: A new perspective in Lernaea cyprinacea control. 29292144 0 6 from nanocomposites 16:29 arg1 aquaria 43:49 goldfish aquaria 34:49 goldfish aquaria 34:49 Chitosan-silver nanocomposites in goldfish aquaria: A new perspective in Lernaea cyprinacea control. 29292144 5 7 theme electron 677:684 arg1 microscopy 686:695 scanning electron microscopy 668:695 scanning electron microscopy 668:695 Molecular and morphometric characterizations of the parasite were performed using polymerase chain reaction for rRNA and scanning electron microscopy. 29292144 7 8 theme Probit 802:807 arg1 analysis 809:816 Probit analysis 802:816 Probit analysis of parasite mortality 802:838 Probit analysis of parasite mortality versus the logarithmic concentrations of the composites indicated that the 1h/LC50 was 5.495ppm. 29292144 11 9 theme parasitic 1404:1412 arg1 agents 1422:1427 potential parasitic control agents 1394:1427 potential parasitic control agents for ornamental glass aquaria 1394:1456 Therefore, we concluded that chitosan-silver nanocomposites are potential parasitic control agents for ornamental glass aquaria, as they have detrimental effects on aquatic predators, such as copepods. 29292144 11 9 theme parasitic 1404:1412 arg1 nanocomposites 1375:1388 chitosan-silver nanocomposites 1359:1388 chitosan-silver nanocomposites 1359:1388 Therefore, we concluded that chitosan-silver nanocomposites are potential parasitic control agents for ornamental glass aquaria, as they have detrimental effects on aquatic predators, such as copepods. 29292144 5 10 theme polymerase 629:638 arg1 reaction 646:653 polymerase chain reaction 629:653 polymerase chain reaction for rRNA and scanning electron microscopy 629:695 Molecular and morphometric characterizations of the parasite were performed using polymerase chain reaction for rRNA and scanning electron microscopy. 29292144 1 11 from area 142:145 arg1 science 171:177 science 171:177 science 171:177 Nanomedicine is a promising new research area in human and veterinary science. 29292144 3 12 from influence 367:375 arg1 cyprinacea 451:460 the fish crustacean parasite Lernaea cyprinacea 414:460 the fish crustacean parasite Lernaea cyprinacea 414:460 Therefore, this study aims to investigate the influence of chitosan-silver nanocomposites on the fish crustacean parasite Lernaea cyprinacea. 29292144 5 13 theme chain 640:644 arg1 reaction 646:653 polymerase chain reaction 629:653 polymerase chain reaction for rRNA and scanning electron microscopy 629:695 Molecular and morphometric characterizations of the parasite were performed using polymerase chain reaction for rRNA and scanning electron microscopy. 29292144 2 14 theme few 271:273 arg1 studies 275:281 few studies 271:281 few studies 271:281 Metal nanoparticles have shown high biocidal activity against bacteria, fungi and viruses, few studies have focused on antiparasitic action. 29292144 6 15 theme electron 767:774 arg1 microscopy 776:785 transmission electron microscopy 754:785 transmission electron microscopy 754:785 Chitosan-silver nanocomposites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy and Zetasizer. 29292144 3 16 theme Lernaea 443:449 arg1 cyprinacea 451:460 the fish crustacean parasite Lernaea cyprinacea 414:460 the fish crustacean parasite Lernaea cyprinacea 414:460 Therefore, this study aims to investigate the influence of chitosan-silver nanocomposites on the fish crustacean parasite Lernaea cyprinacea. 29292144 11 17 theme ornamental 1433:1442 arg1 aquaria 1450:1456 ornamental glass aquaria 1433:1456 ornamental glass aquaria 1433:1456 Therefore, we concluded that chitosan-silver nanocomposites are potential parasitic control agents for ornamental glass aquaria, as they have detrimental effects on aquatic predators, such as copepods. 29292144 3 18 theme chitosan-silver 380:394 arg1 nanocomposites 396:409 chitosan-silver nanocomposites 380:409 chitosan-silver nanocomposites 380:409 Therefore, this study aims to investigate the influence of chitosan-silver nanocomposites on the fish crustacean parasite Lernaea cyprinacea. 29292144 6 19 theme transmission 754:765 arg1 microscopy 776:785 transmission electron microscopy 754:785 transmission electron microscopy 754:785 Chitosan-silver nanocomposites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy and Zetasizer. 29292144 11 20 theme aquatic 1495:1501 arg1 predators 1503:1511 aquatic predators 1495:1511 aquatic predators 1495:1511 Therefore, we concluded that chitosan-silver nanocomposites are potential parasitic control agents for ornamental glass aquaria, as they have detrimental effects on aquatic predators, such as copepods. 29292144 11 20 theme aquatic 1495:1501 arg1 copepods 1522:1529 copepods 1522:1529 copepods 1522:1529 Therefore, we concluded that chitosan-silver nanocomposites are potential parasitic control agents for ornamental glass aquaria, as they have detrimental effects on aquatic predators, such as copepods. 29292144 11 21 theme control 1414:1420 arg1 agents 1422:1427 potential parasitic control agents 1394:1427 potential parasitic control agents for ornamental glass aquaria 1394:1456 Therefore, we concluded that chitosan-silver nanocomposites are potential parasitic control agents for ornamental glass aquaria, as they have detrimental effects on aquatic predators, such as copepods. 29292144 11 21 theme control 1414:1420 arg1 nanocomposites 1375:1388 chitosan-silver nanocomposites 1359:1388 chitosan-silver nanocomposites 1359:1388 Therefore, we concluded that chitosan-silver nanocomposites are potential parasitic control agents for ornamental glass aquaria, as they have detrimental effects on aquatic predators, such as copepods. 29292144 10 22 theme pathological 1231:1242 arg1 findings 1244:1251 the pathological findings 1227:1251 the pathological findings 1227:1251 Moreover, the pathological findings indicated rapid skin wound healing and renewal at the parasitic injury site. 29292144 8 23 theme chitosan-silver 962:976 arg1 nanocomposites 978:991 the chitosan-silver nanocomposites 958:991 the chitosan-silver nanocomposites 958:991 Parasites exposed to the chitosan-silver nanocomposites showed severe pathological alterations and adsorbed the composite particles on their cuticles. 29292144 3 24 theme crustacean 423:432 arg1 cyprinacea 451:460 the fish crustacean parasite Lernaea cyprinacea 414:460 the fish crustacean parasite Lernaea cyprinacea 414:460 Therefore, this study aims to investigate the influence of chitosan-silver nanocomposites on the fish crustacean parasite Lernaea cyprinacea. 29292144 0 25 theme Chitosan-silver 0:14 arg1 nanocomposites 16:29 Chitosan-silver nanocomposites 0:29 Chitosan-silver nanocomposites in goldfish aquaria: A new perspective in Lernaea cyprinacea control. 0:99 Chitosan-silver nanocomposites in goldfish aquaria: A new perspective in Lernaea cyprinacea control. 29292144 7 26 theme composites 885:894 arg1 concentrations 863:876 the logarithmic concentrations 847:876 the logarithmic concentrations of the composites 847:894 Probit analysis of parasite mortality versus the logarithmic concentrations of the composites indicated that the 1h/LC50 was 5.495ppm. 29292144 9 27 theme female 1173:1178 arg1 lernaeids 1180:1188 the female lernaeids 1169:1188 the female lernaeids 1169:1188 After aqueous exposure of the infected fish to the compound at its LC50 for 24h, the female lernaeids were completely dislodged. 29292144 5 28 theme parasite 599:606 arg1 characterizations 574:590 Molecular and morphometric characterizations 547:590 Molecular and morphometric characterizations of the parasite 547:606 Molecular and morphometric characterizations of the parasite were performed using polymerase chain reaction for rRNA and scanning electron microscopy. 29292144 2 29 theme antiparasitic 299:311 arg1 action 313:318 antiparasitic action 299:318 antiparasitic action 299:318 Metal nanoparticles have shown high biocidal activity against bacteria, fungi and viruses, few studies have focused on antiparasitic action. 29292144 8 30 theme severe 1000:1005 arg1 alterations 1020:1030 severe pathological alterations 1000:1030 severe pathological alterations 1000:1030 Parasites exposed to the chitosan-silver nanocomposites showed severe pathological alterations and adsorbed the composite particles on their cuticles. 29292144 3 31 theme parasite 434:441 arg1 cyprinacea 451:460 the fish crustacean parasite Lernaea cyprinacea 414:460 the fish crustacean parasite Lernaea cyprinacea 414:460 Therefore, this study aims to investigate the influence of chitosan-silver nanocomposites on the fish crustacean parasite Lernaea cyprinacea. 29292144 0 32 theme goldfish 34:41 arg1 aquaria 43:49 goldfish aquaria 34:49 goldfish aquaria 34:49 Chitosan-silver nanocomposites in goldfish aquaria: A new perspective in Lernaea cyprinacea control. 29292144 10 33 theme rapid 1263:1267 arg1 healing 1280:1286 rapid skin wound healing 1263:1286 rapid skin wound healing 1263:1286 Moreover, the pathological findings indicated rapid skin wound healing and renewal at the parasitic injury site. 29292144 8 34 theme composite 1049:1057 arg1 particles 1059:1067 the composite particles 1045:1067 the composite particles 1045:1067 Parasites exposed to the chitosan-silver nanocomposites showed severe pathological alterations and adsorbed the composite particles on their cuticles. 29292144 2 35 theme Metal 180:184 arg1 nanoparticles 186:198 Metal nanoparticles 180:198 Metal nanoparticles 180:198 Metal nanoparticles have shown high biocidal activity against bacteria, fungi and viruses, few studies have focused on antiparasitic action. 29292144 8 36 theme pathological 1007:1018 arg1 alterations 1020:1030 severe pathological alterations 1000:1030 severe pathological alterations 1000:1030 Parasites exposed to the chitosan-silver nanocomposites showed severe pathological alterations and adsorbed the composite particles on their cuticles. 29292144 11 37 theme glass 1444:1448 arg1 aquaria 1450:1456 ornamental glass aquaria 1433:1456 ornamental glass aquaria 1433:1456 Therefore, we concluded that chitosan-silver nanocomposites are potential parasitic control agents for ornamental glass aquaria, as they have detrimental effects on aquatic predators, such as copepods. 29292144 11 38 theme detrimental 1472:1482 arg1 effects 1484:1490 detrimental effects 1472:1490 detrimental effects 1472:1490 Therefore, we concluded that chitosan-silver nanocomposites are potential parasitic control agents for ornamental glass aquaria, as they have detrimental effects on aquatic predators, such as copepods. 29292144 11 39 contain have 1467:1470 arg2 effects 1484:1490 detrimental effects 1472:1490 detrimental effects 1472:1490 Therefore, we concluded that chitosan-silver nanocomposites are potential parasitic control agents for ornamental glass aquaria, as they have detrimental effects on aquatic predators, such as copepods. 29292144 11 39 contain have 1467:1470 arg1 they 1462:1465 they 1462:1465 they 1462:1465 Therefore, we concluded that chitosan-silver nanocomposites are potential parasitic control agents for ornamental glass aquaria, as they have detrimental effects on aquatic predators, such as copepods. 29292144 6 40 theme Chitosan-silver 698:712 arg1 nanocomposites 714:727 Chitosan-silver nanocomposites 698:727 Chitosan-silver nanocomposites 698:727 Chitosan-silver nanocomposites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy and Zetasizer. 29292144 3 41 theme fish 418:421 arg1 cyprinacea 451:460 the fish crustacean parasite Lernaea cyprinacea 414:460 the fish crustacean parasite Lernaea cyprinacea 414:460 Therefore, this study aims to investigate the influence of chitosan-silver nanocomposites on the fish crustacean parasite Lernaea cyprinacea. 29292144 7 42 theme logarithmic 851:861 arg1 concentrations 863:876 the logarithmic concentrations 847:876 the logarithmic concentrations of the composites 847:894 Probit analysis of parasite mortality versus the logarithmic concentrations of the composites indicated that the 1h/LC50 was 5.495ppm. 29292144 10 43 theme parasitic 1307:1315 arg1 site 1324:1327 the parasitic injury site 1303:1327 the parasitic injury site 1303:1327 Moreover, the pathological findings indicated rapid skin wound healing and renewal at the parasitic injury site. 29292144 9 44 theme aqueous 1094:1100 arg1 exposure 1102:1109 aqueous exposure 1094:1109 aqueous exposure of the infected fish to the compound at its LC50 for 24h 1094:1166 After aqueous exposure of the infected fish to the compound at its LC50 for 24h, the female lernaeids were completely dislodged. 29292144 5 45 theme Molecular 547:555 arg1 characterizations 574:590 Molecular and morphometric characterizations 547:590 Molecular and morphometric characterizations of the parasite 547:606 Molecular and morphometric characterizations of the parasite were performed using polymerase chain reaction for rRNA and scanning electron microscopy. 29292144 3 46 theme nanocomposites 396:409 arg1 influence 367:375 the influence 363:375 the influence of chitosan-silver nanocomposites on the fish crustacean parasite Lernaea cyprinacea 363:460 Therefore, this study aims to investigate the influence of chitosan-silver nanocomposites on the fish crustacean parasite Lernaea cyprinacea. 29292144 10 47 theme skin 1269:1272 arg1 healing 1280:1286 rapid skin wound healing 1263:1286 rapid skin wound healing 1263:1286 Moreover, the pathological findings indicated rapid skin wound healing and renewal at the parasitic injury site. 29292144 0 48 from perspective 58:68 arg1 control 92:98 Lernaea cyprinacea control 73:98 Lernaea cyprinacea control 73:98 Chitosan-silver nanocomposites in goldfish aquaria: A new perspective in Lernaea cyprinacea control. 29292144 9 49 theme fish 1127:1130 arg1 exposure 1102:1109 aqueous exposure 1094:1109 aqueous exposure of the infected fish to the compound at its LC50 for 24h 1094:1166 After aqueous exposure of the infected fish to the compound at its LC50 for 24h, the female lernaeids were completely dislodged. 29292144 11 50 theme chitosan-silver 1359:1373 arg1 agents 1422:1427 potential parasitic control agents 1394:1427 potential parasitic control agents for ornamental glass aquaria 1394:1456 Therefore, we concluded that chitosan-silver nanocomposites are potential parasitic control agents for ornamental glass aquaria, as they have detrimental effects on aquatic predators, such as copepods. 29292144 11 50 theme chitosan-silver 1359:1373 arg1 nanocomposites 1375:1388 chitosan-silver nanocomposites 1359:1388 chitosan-silver nanocomposites 1359:1388 Therefore, we concluded that chitosan-silver nanocomposites are potential parasitic control agents for ornamental glass aquaria, as they have detrimental effects on aquatic predators, such as copepods. 29292144 2 51 theme high 211:214 arg1 activity 225:232 high biocidal activity 211:232 high biocidal activity against bacteria, fungi and viruses 211:268 Metal nanoparticles have shown high biocidal activity against bacteria, fungi and viruses, few studies have focused on antiparasitic action. 29292144 2 52 theme biocidal 216:223 arg1 activity 225:232 high biocidal activity 211:232 high biocidal activity against bacteria, fungi and viruses 211:268 Metal nanoparticles have shown high biocidal activity against bacteria, fungi and viruses, few studies have focused on antiparasitic action. 29292144 5 53 theme morphometric 561:572 arg1 characterizations 574:590 Molecular and morphometric characterizations 547:590 Molecular and morphometric characterizations of the parasite 547:606 Molecular and morphometric characterizations of the parasite were performed using polymerase chain reaction for rRNA and scanning electron microscopy. 29292144 1 54 theme promising 119:127 arg1 Nanomedicine 101:112 Nanomedicine 101:112 Nanomedicine 101:112 Nanomedicine is a promising new research area in human and veterinary science. 29292144 1 54 theme promising 119:127 arg1 area 142:145 a promising new research area 117:145 a promising new research area in human and veterinary science 117:177 Nanomedicine is a promising new research area in human and veterinary science. 29292144 1 55 theme new 129:131 arg1 Nanomedicine 101:112 Nanomedicine 101:112 Nanomedicine 101:112 Nanomedicine is a promising new research area in human and veterinary science. 29292144 1 55 theme new 129:131 arg1 area 142:145 a promising new research area 117:145 a promising new research area in human and veterinary science 117:177 Nanomedicine is a promising new research area in human and veterinary science. 29292144 7 56 theme parasite 821:828 arg1 mortality 830:838 parasite mortality 821:838 parasite mortality 821:838 Probit analysis of parasite mortality versus the logarithmic concentrations of the composites indicated that the 1h/LC50 was 5.495ppm. 29292144 9 57 from LC50 1155:1158 arg1 exposure 1102:1109 aqueous exposure 1094:1109 aqueous exposure of the infected fish to the compound at its LC50 for 24h 1094:1166 After aqueous exposure of the infected fish to the compound at its LC50 for 24h, the female lernaeids were completely dislodged. 29292144 1 58 theme research 133:140 arg1 Nanomedicine 101:112 Nanomedicine 101:112 Nanomedicine 101:112 Nanomedicine is a promising new research area in human and veterinary science. 29292144 1 58 theme research 133:140 arg1 area 142:145 a promising new research area 117:145 a promising new research area in human and veterinary science 117:177 Nanomedicine is a promising new research area in human and veterinary science. 29292144 7 59 theme mortality 830:838 arg1 analysis 809:816 Probit analysis 802:816 Probit analysis of parasite mortality 802:838 Probit analysis of parasite mortality versus the logarithmic concentrations of the composites indicated that the 1h/LC50 was 5.495ppm. 29292144 0 60 dep nanocomposites 16:29 arg1 perspective 58:68 A new perspective 52:68 Chitosan-silver nanocomposites in goldfish aquaria: A new perspective in Lernaea cyprinacea control. 0:99 Chitosan-silver nanocomposites in goldfish aquaria: A new perspective in Lernaea cyprinacea control. 29292144 4 61 located detected 479:486 arg1 goldfish 491:498 goldfish 491:498 goldfish (Carassius auratus) 491:518 The disease was detected in goldfish (Carassius auratus) aquaria during the spring. 29292144 4 61 located detected 479:486 arg1 auratus 511:517 Carassius auratus 501:517 Carassius auratus 501:517 The disease was detected in goldfish (Carassius auratus) aquaria during the spring. 29292144 4 61 located detected 479:486 arg2 disease 467:473 The disease 463:473 The disease 463:473 The disease was detected in goldfish (Carassius auratus) aquaria during the spring. 29292144 9 62 theme infected 1118:1125 arg1 fish 1127:1130 the infected fish 1114:1130 the infected fish 1114:1130 After aqueous exposure of the infected fish to the compound at its LC50 for 24h, the female lernaeids were completely dislodged. 29292144 0 63 theme new 54:56 arg1 perspective 58:68 A new perspective 52:68 Chitosan-silver nanocomposites in goldfish aquaria: A new perspective in Lernaea cyprinacea control. 0:99 Chitosan-silver nanocomposites in goldfish aquaria: A new perspective in Lernaea cyprinacea control. 29292144 10 64 theme wound 1274:1278 arg1 healing 1280:1286 rapid skin wound healing 1263:1286 rapid skin wound healing 1263:1286 Moreover, the pathological findings indicated rapid skin wound healing and renewal at the parasitic injury site. 29082833 0 0 link tissue-derived 116:129 arg1 activities 153:162 microencapsulated canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell activities 83:162 microencapsulated canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell activities 83:162 Impact of collagen-alginate composition from microbead morphological properties to microencapsulated canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell activities. 29082833 6 1 theme 0.75 1189:1192 arg1 % 1193:1193 % 1193:1193 % 1193:1193 Nonetheless, homogeneous microbeads were created with no significant difference in size and shape, in the range of 0.75% alginate mixed with 0.099% collagen solution in 1.2% alginate solution. 29082833 1 2 theme microbeads 276:285 arg1 proliferation 295:307 proliferation 295:307 proliferation 295:307 The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of collagen-alginate composition on the size and shape of microbeads and the proliferation and osteogenic properties of microencapsulated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in vitro. 29082833 1 2 theme microbeads 276:285 arg1 properties 324:333 osteogenic properties 313:333 osteogenic properties 313:333 The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of collagen-alginate composition on the size and shape of microbeads and the proliferation and osteogenic properties of microencapsulated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in vitro. 29082833 1 2 theme microbeads 276:285 arg1 size 258:261 size 258:261 size 258:261 The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of collagen-alginate composition on the size and shape of microbeads and the proliferation and osteogenic properties of microencapsulated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in vitro. 29082833 1 2 theme microbeads 276:285 arg1 shape 267:271 shape 267:271 shape 267:271 The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of collagen-alginate composition on the size and shape of microbeads and the proliferation and osteogenic properties of microencapsulated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in vitro. 29082833 7 3 from ASCs 1325:1328 arg1 compositions 1363:1374 the various collagen-alginate compositions 1333:1374 the various collagen-alginate compositions 1333:1374 There were no significant differences in viability of the ASCs in the various collagen-alginate compositions. 29082833 6 4 theme alginate 1248:1255 arg1 solution 1257:1264 1.2% alginate solution 1243:1264 1.2% alginate solution 1243:1264 Nonetheless, homogeneous microbeads were created with no significant difference in size and shape, in the range of 0.75% alginate mixed with 0.099% collagen solution in 1.2% alginate solution. 29082833 9 5 from effects 1642:1648 arg1 viability 1695:1703 cell viability 1690:1703 cell viability 1690:1703 Microencapsulation of canine ASCs with appropriate collagen-alginate composition increases cell proliferation and osteogenic properties, in vitro, without significant effects on the shape and size of microbeads and cell viability. 29082833 9 5 from effects 1642:1648 arg1 size 1667:1670 size 1667:1670 size 1667:1670 Microencapsulation of canine ASCs with appropriate collagen-alginate composition increases cell proliferation and osteogenic properties, in vitro, without significant effects on the shape and size of microbeads and cell viability. 29082833 9 5 from effects 1642:1648 arg1 shape 1657:1661 shape 1657:1661 shape 1657:1661 Microencapsulation of canine ASCs with appropriate collagen-alginate composition increases cell proliferation and osteogenic properties, in vitro, without significant effects on the shape and size of microbeads and cell viability. 29082833 6 6 theme 1.2 1243:1245 arg1 % 1246:1246 % 1246:1246 % 1246:1246 Nonetheless, homogeneous microbeads were created with no significant difference in size and shape, in the range of 0.75% alginate mixed with 0.099% collagen solution in 1.2% alginate solution. 29082833 10 7 theme collagen-alginate 1739:1755 arg1 composition 1757:1767 adequate collagen-alginate composition 1730:1767 adequate collagen-alginate composition 1730:1767 Microencapsulation with adequate collagen-alginate composition may produce injectable microbeads that could enhance the therapeutic efficacy of stem cells. 29082833 9 8 theme osteogenic 1589:1598 arg1 properties 1600:1609 osteogenic properties 1589:1609 osteogenic properties 1589:1609 Microencapsulation of canine ASCs with appropriate collagen-alginate composition increases cell proliferation and osteogenic properties, in vitro, without significant effects on the shape and size of microbeads and cell viability. 29082833 3 9 theme light 623:627 arg1 microscope 635:644 a light field microscope 621:644 a light field microscope 621:644 The size and shape of the resultant microbeads were measured using a light field microscope and the viability of the microencapsulated canine ASCs was evaluated using a live/dead viability/cytotoxicity kit. 29082833 5 10 theme collagen 945:952 arg1 ratio 954:958 the collagen ratio 941:958 the collagen ratio 941:958 As the collagen ratio increased, the size and size variation of microbeads increased and the shape of microbeads became more irregular. 29082833 10 11 theme injectable 1781:1790 arg1 microbeads 1792:1801 injectable microbeads 1781:1801 injectable microbeads that could enhance the therapeutic efficacy of stem cells 1781:1859 Microencapsulation with adequate collagen-alginate composition may produce injectable microbeads that could enhance the therapeutic efficacy of stem cells. 29082833 9 12 theme collagen-alginate 1526:1542 arg1 composition 1544:1554 appropriate collagen-alginate composition 1514:1554 appropriate collagen-alginate composition 1514:1554 Microencapsulation of canine ASCs with appropriate collagen-alginate composition increases cell proliferation and osteogenic properties, in vitro, without significant effects on the shape and size of microbeads and cell viability. 29082833 1 13 dep size 258:261 arg1 the 254:256 the 254:256 the 254:256 The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of collagen-alginate composition on the size and shape of microbeads and the proliferation and osteogenic properties of microencapsulated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in vitro. 29082833 4 14 theme microencapsulated 804:820 arg1 ASCs 829:832 microencapsulated canine ASCs 804:832 microencapsulated canine ASCs 804:832 Proliferation and osteogenic potentials of microencapsulated canine ASCs were evaluated using an alamarBlue proliferation assay and an alkaline phosphatase assay, respectively. 29082833 8 15 theme osteogenic 1400:1409 arg1 properties 1411:1420 osteogenic properties 1400:1420 osteogenic properties 1400:1420 Both proliferation and osteogenic properties, in vitro, increased with increasing collagen ratio. 29082833 3 16 theme ASCs 696:699 arg1 viability 654:662 the viability 650:662 the viability of the microencapsulated canine ASCs 650:699 The size and shape of the resultant microbeads were measured using a light field microscope and the viability of the microencapsulated canine ASCs was evaluated using a live/dead viability/cytotoxicity kit. 29082833 4 17 theme ASCs 829:832 arg1 Proliferation 761:773 Proliferation 761:773 Proliferation 761:773 Proliferation and osteogenic potentials of microencapsulated canine ASCs were evaluated using an alamarBlue proliferation assay and an alkaline phosphatase assay, respectively. 29082833 4 17 theme ASCs 829:832 arg1 potentials 790:799 osteogenic potentials 779:799 osteogenic potentials 779:799 Proliferation and osteogenic potentials of microencapsulated canine ASCs were evaluated using an alamarBlue proliferation assay and an alkaline phosphatase assay, respectively. 29082833 1 18 theme mesenchymal 379:389 arg1 cells 396:400 microencapsulated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells 338:400 microencapsulated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) 338:407 The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of collagen-alginate composition on the size and shape of microbeads and the proliferation and osteogenic properties of microencapsulated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in vitro. 29082833 1 18 theme mesenchymal 379:389 arg1 ASCs 403:406 ASCs 403:406 ASCs 403:406 The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of collagen-alginate composition on the size and shape of microbeads and the proliferation and osteogenic properties of microencapsulated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in vitro. 29082833 3 19 theme microencapsulated 671:687 arg1 ASCs 696:699 the microencapsulated canine ASCs 667:699 the microencapsulated canine ASCs 667:699 The size and shape of the resultant microbeads were measured using a light field microscope and the viability of the microencapsulated canine ASCs was evaluated using a live/dead viability/cytotoxicity kit. 29082833 0 20 theme canine 101:106 arg1 activities 153:162 microencapsulated canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell activities 83:162 microencapsulated canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell activities 83:162 Impact of collagen-alginate composition from microbead morphological properties to microencapsulated canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell activities. 29082833 1 21 theme cells 396:400 arg1 proliferation 295:307 proliferation 295:307 proliferation 295:307 The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of collagen-alginate composition on the size and shape of microbeads and the proliferation and osteogenic properties of microencapsulated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in vitro. 29082833 1 21 theme cells 396:400 arg1 properties 324:333 osteogenic properties 313:333 osteogenic properties 313:333 The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of collagen-alginate composition on the size and shape of microbeads and the proliferation and osteogenic properties of microencapsulated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in vitro. 29082833 1 21 theme cells 396:400 arg1 size 258:261 size 258:261 size 258:261 The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of collagen-alginate composition on the size and shape of microbeads and the proliferation and osteogenic properties of microencapsulated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in vitro. 29082833 1 21 theme cells 396:400 arg1 shape 267:271 shape 267:271 shape 267:271 The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of collagen-alginate composition on the size and shape of microbeads and the proliferation and osteogenic properties of microencapsulated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in vitro. 29082833 5 22 theme microbeads 1002:1011 arg1 size 975:978 size 975:978 size 975:978 As the collagen ratio increased, the size and size variation of microbeads increased and the shape of microbeads became more irregular. 29082833 5 22 theme microbeads 1002:1011 arg1 variation 989:997 size variation 984:997 size variation 984:997 As the collagen ratio increased, the size and size variation of microbeads increased and the shape of microbeads became more irregular. 29082833 0 23 from Impact 0:5 arg1 properties 69:78 microbead morphological properties 45:78 microbead morphological properties 45:78 Impact of collagen-alginate composition from microbead morphological properties to microencapsulated canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell activities. 29082833 6 24 from difference 1143:1152 arg1 shape 1166:1170 shape 1166:1170 shape 1166:1170 Nonetheless, homogeneous microbeads were created with no significant difference in size and shape, in the range of 0.75% alginate mixed with 0.099% collagen solution in 1.2% alginate solution. 29082833 6 24 from difference 1143:1152 arg1 size 1157:1160 size 1157:1160 size 1157:1160 Nonetheless, homogeneous microbeads were created with no significant difference in size and shape, in the range of 0.75% alginate mixed with 0.099% collagen solution in 1.2% alginate solution. 29082833 4 25 theme proliferation 869:881 arg1 assay 883:887 an alamarBlue proliferation assay 855:887 an alamarBlue proliferation assay 855:887 Proliferation and osteogenic potentials of microencapsulated canine ASCs were evaluated using an alamarBlue proliferation assay and an alkaline phosphatase assay, respectively. 29082833 0 26 theme tissue-derived 116:129 arg1 activities 153:162 microencapsulated canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell activities 83:162 microencapsulated canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell activities 83:162 Impact of collagen-alginate composition from microbead morphological properties to microencapsulated canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell activities. 29082833 6 27 theme homogeneous 1087:1097 arg1 microbeads 1099:1108 homogeneous microbeads 1087:1108 homogeneous microbeads 1087:1108 Nonetheless, homogeneous microbeads were created with no significant difference in size and shape, in the range of 0.75% alginate mixed with 0.099% collagen solution in 1.2% alginate solution. 29082833 0 28 theme stem 143:146 arg1 activities 153:162 microencapsulated canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell activities 83:162 microencapsulated canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell activities 83:162 Impact of collagen-alginate composition from microbead morphological properties to microencapsulated canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell activities. 29082833 6 29 theme significant 1131:1141 arg1 difference 1143:1152 no significant difference 1128:1152 no significant difference in size and shape 1128:1170 Nonetheless, homogeneous microbeads were created with no significant difference in size and shape, in the range of 0.75% alginate mixed with 0.099% collagen solution in 1.2% alginate solution. 29082833 9 30 dep shape 1657:1661 arg1 the 1653:1655 the 1653:1655 the 1653:1655 Microencapsulation of canine ASCs with appropriate collagen-alginate composition increases cell proliferation and osteogenic properties, in vitro, without significant effects on the shape and size of microbeads and cell viability. 29082833 2 31 theme Canine 419:424 arg1 ASCs 426:429 Canine ASCs 419:429 Canine ASCs 419:429 Canine ASCs were microencapsulated in mixtures of various collagen-alginate compositions using a vibrational technologic encapsulator. 29082833 5 32 theme microbeads 1040:1049 arg1 shape 1031:1035 the shape 1027:1035 the shape of microbeads 1027:1049 As the collagen ratio increased, the size and size variation of microbeads increased and the shape of microbeads became more irregular. 29082833 2 33 theme collagen-alginate 477:493 arg1 compositions 495:506 various collagen-alginate compositions 469:506 various collagen-alginate compositions 469:506 Canine ASCs were microencapsulated in mixtures of various collagen-alginate compositions using a vibrational technologic encapsulator. 29082833 8 34 theme in 1423:1424 arg1 proliferation 1382:1394 proliferation 1382:1394 proliferation 1382:1394 Both proliferation and osteogenic properties, in vitro, increased with increasing collagen ratio. 29082833 10 35 theme stem 1850:1853 arg1 cells 1855:1859 stem cells 1850:1859 stem cells 1850:1859 Microencapsulation with adequate collagen-alginate composition may produce injectable microbeads that could enhance the therapeutic efficacy of stem cells. 29082833 0 36 theme collagen-alginate 10:26 arg1 composition 28:38 collagen-alginate composition 10:38 collagen-alginate composition from microbead morphological properties 10:78 Impact of collagen-alginate composition from microbead morphological properties to microencapsulated canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell activities. 29082833 1 37 theme osteogenic 313:322 arg1 properties 324:333 osteogenic properties 313:333 osteogenic properties 313:333 The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of collagen-alginate composition on the size and shape of microbeads and the proliferation and osteogenic properties of microencapsulated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in vitro. 29082833 5 38 dep size 975:978 arg1 the 971:973 the 971:973 the 971:973 As the collagen ratio increased, the size and size variation of microbeads increased and the shape of microbeads became more irregular. 29082833 8 39 dep in 1423:1424 arg1 vitro 1426:1430 vitro 1426:1430 vitro 1426:1430 Both proliferation and osteogenic properties, in vitro, increased with increasing collagen ratio. 29082833 2 40 theme vibrational 516:526 arg1 encapsulator 540:551 a vibrational technologic encapsulator 514:551 a vibrational technologic encapsulator 514:551 Canine ASCs were microencapsulated in mixtures of various collagen-alginate compositions using a vibrational technologic encapsulator. 29082833 1 41 link adipose-derived 363:377 arg1 cells 396:400 microencapsulated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells 338:400 microencapsulated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) 338:407 The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of collagen-alginate composition on the size and shape of microbeads and the proliferation and osteogenic properties of microencapsulated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in vitro. 29082833 1 41 link adipose-derived 363:377 arg1 ASCs 403:406 ASCs 403:406 ASCs 403:406 The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of collagen-alginate composition on the size and shape of microbeads and the proliferation and osteogenic properties of microencapsulated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in vitro. 29082833 0 42 theme morphological 55:67 arg1 properties 69:78 microbead morphological properties 45:78 microbead morphological properties 45:78 Impact of collagen-alginate composition from microbead morphological properties to microencapsulated canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell activities. 29082833 1 43 theme canine 356:361 arg1 cells 396:400 microencapsulated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells 338:400 microencapsulated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) 338:407 The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of collagen-alginate composition on the size and shape of microbeads and the proliferation and osteogenic properties of microencapsulated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in vitro. 29082833 1 43 theme canine 356:361 arg1 ASCs 403:406 ASCs 403:406 ASCs 403:406 The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of collagen-alginate composition on the size and shape of microbeads and the proliferation and osteogenic properties of microencapsulated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in vitro. 29082833 6 44 theme 0.099 1215:1219 arg1 % 1220:1220 % 1220:1220 % 1220:1220 Nonetheless, homogeneous microbeads were created with no significant difference in size and shape, in the range of 0.75% alginate mixed with 0.099% collagen solution in 1.2% alginate solution. 29082833 4 45 theme alkaline 896:903 arg1 assay 917:921 an alkaline phosphatase assay 893:921 an alkaline phosphatase assay 893:921 Proliferation and osteogenic potentials of microencapsulated canine ASCs were evaluated using an alamarBlue proliferation assay and an alkaline phosphatase assay, respectively. 29082833 7 46 theme collagen-alginate 1345:1361 arg1 compositions 1363:1374 the various collagen-alginate compositions 1333:1374 the various collagen-alginate compositions 1333:1374 There were no significant differences in viability of the ASCs in the various collagen-alginate compositions. 29082833 3 47 theme viability/cytotoxicity 733:754 arg1 kit 756:758 a live/dead viability/cytotoxicity kit 721:758 a live/dead viability/cytotoxicity kit 721:758 The size and shape of the resultant microbeads were measured using a light field microscope and the viability of the microencapsulated canine ASCs was evaluated using a live/dead viability/cytotoxicity kit. 29082833 9 48 theme ASCs 1504:1507 arg1 Microencapsulation 1475:1492 Microencapsulation 1475:1492 Microencapsulation of canine ASCs with appropriate collagen-alginate composition 1475:1554 Microencapsulation of canine ASCs with appropriate collagen-alginate composition increases cell proliferation and osteogenic properties, in vitro, without significant effects on the shape and size of microbeads and cell viability. 29082833 6 49 theme % 1193:1193 arg1 alginate 1195:1202 0.75% alginate 1189:1202 0.75% alginate mixed with 0.099% collagen solution in 1.2% alginate solution 1189:1264 Nonetheless, homogeneous microbeads were created with no significant difference in size and shape, in the range of 0.75% alginate mixed with 0.099% collagen solution in 1.2% alginate solution. 29082833 9 50 theme appropriate 1514:1524 arg1 composition 1544:1554 appropriate collagen-alginate composition 1514:1554 appropriate collagen-alginate composition 1514:1554 Microencapsulation of canine ASCs with appropriate collagen-alginate composition increases cell proliferation and osteogenic properties, in vitro, without significant effects on the shape and size of microbeads and cell viability. 29082833 7 51 theme ASCs 1325:1328 arg1 viability 1308:1316 viability 1308:1316 viability of the ASCs in the various collagen-alginate compositions 1308:1374 There were no significant differences in viability of the ASCs in the various collagen-alginate compositions. 29082833 9 52 with Microencapsulation 1475:1492 arg1 composition 1544:1554 appropriate collagen-alginate composition 1514:1554 appropriate collagen-alginate composition 1514:1554 Microencapsulation of canine ASCs with appropriate collagen-alginate composition increases cell proliferation and osteogenic properties, in vitro, without significant effects on the shape and size of microbeads and cell viability. 29082833 3 53 theme microbeads 590:599 arg1 size 558:561 size 558:561 size 558:561 The size and shape of the resultant microbeads were measured using a light field microscope and the viability of the microencapsulated canine ASCs was evaluated using a live/dead viability/cytotoxicity kit. 29082833 3 53 theme microbeads 590:599 arg1 shape 567:571 shape 567:571 shape 567:571 The size and shape of the resultant microbeads were measured using a light field microscope and the viability of the microencapsulated canine ASCs was evaluated using a live/dead viability/cytotoxicity kit. 29082833 9 54 theme cell 1566:1569 arg1 proliferation 1571:1583 cell proliferation 1566:1583 cell proliferation 1566:1583 Microencapsulation of canine ASCs with appropriate collagen-alginate composition increases cell proliferation and osteogenic properties, in vitro, without significant effects on the shape and size of microbeads and cell viability. 29082833 6 55 theme % 1246:1246 arg1 solution 1257:1264 1.2% alginate solution 1243:1264 1.2% alginate solution 1243:1264 Nonetheless, homogeneous microbeads were created with no significant difference in size and shape, in the range of 0.75% alginate mixed with 0.099% collagen solution in 1.2% alginate solution. 29082833 3 56 theme field 629:633 arg1 microscope 635:644 a light field microscope 621:644 a light field microscope 621:644 The size and shape of the resultant microbeads were measured using a light field microscope and the viability of the microencapsulated canine ASCs was evaluated using a live/dead viability/cytotoxicity kit. 29082833 7 57 from compositions 1363:1374 arg1 viability 1308:1316 viability 1308:1316 viability of the ASCs in the various collagen-alginate compositions 1308:1374 There were no significant differences in viability of the ASCs in the various collagen-alginate compositions. 29082833 10 58 theme adequate 1730:1737 arg1 composition 1757:1767 adequate collagen-alginate composition 1730:1767 adequate collagen-alginate composition 1730:1767 Microencapsulation with adequate collagen-alginate composition may produce injectable microbeads that could enhance the therapeutic efficacy of stem cells. 29082833 10 59 with Microencapsulation 1706:1723 arg1 composition 1757:1767 adequate collagen-alginate composition 1730:1767 adequate collagen-alginate composition 1730:1767 Microencapsulation with adequate collagen-alginate composition may produce injectable microbeads that could enhance the therapeutic efficacy of stem cells. 29082833 6 60 theme collagen 1222:1229 arg1 solution 1231:1238 0.099% collagen solution 1215:1238 0.099% collagen solution 1215:1238 Nonetheless, homogeneous microbeads were created with no significant difference in size and shape, in the range of 0.75% alginate mixed with 0.099% collagen solution in 1.2% alginate solution. 29082833 1 61 theme composition 239:249 arg1 effect 211:216 the effect 207:216 the effect of collagen-alginate composition on the size and shape of microbeads and the proliferation and osteogenic properties of microencapsulated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) 207:407 The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of collagen-alginate composition on the size and shape of microbeads and the proliferation and osteogenic properties of microencapsulated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in vitro. 29082833 7 62 from differences 1293:1303 arg1 viability 1308:1316 viability 1308:1316 viability of the ASCs in the various collagen-alginate compositions 1308:1374 There were no significant differences in viability of the ASCs in the various collagen-alginate compositions. 29082833 3 63 theme canine 689:694 arg1 ASCs 696:699 the microencapsulated canine ASCs 667:699 the microencapsulated canine ASCs 667:699 The size and shape of the resultant microbeads were measured using a light field microscope and the viability of the microencapsulated canine ASCs was evaluated using a live/dead viability/cytotoxicity kit. 29082833 9 64 theme significant 1630:1640 arg1 effects 1642:1648 significant effects 1630:1648 significant effects on the shape and size of microbeads and cell viability 1630:1703 Microencapsulation of canine ASCs with appropriate collagen-alginate composition increases cell proliferation and osteogenic properties, in vitro, without significant effects on the shape and size of microbeads and cell viability. 29082833 7 65 from viability 1308:1316 arg1 compositions 1363:1374 the various collagen-alginate compositions 1333:1374 the various collagen-alginate compositions 1333:1374 There were no significant differences in viability of the ASCs in the various collagen-alginate compositions. 29082833 4 66 theme canine 822:827 arg1 ASCs 829:832 microencapsulated canine ASCs 804:832 microencapsulated canine ASCs 804:832 Proliferation and osteogenic potentials of microencapsulated canine ASCs were evaluated using an alamarBlue proliferation assay and an alkaline phosphatase assay, respectively. 29082833 0 67 theme microencapsulated 83:99 arg1 activities 153:162 microencapsulated canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell activities 83:162 microencapsulated canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell activities 83:162 Impact of collagen-alginate composition from microbead morphological properties to microencapsulated canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell activities. 29082833 1 68 from effect 211:216 arg1 proliferation 295:307 proliferation 295:307 proliferation 295:307 The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of collagen-alginate composition on the size and shape of microbeads and the proliferation and osteogenic properties of microencapsulated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in vitro. 29082833 1 68 from effect 211:216 arg1 shape 267:271 shape 267:271 shape 267:271 The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of collagen-alginate composition on the size and shape of microbeads and the proliferation and osteogenic properties of microencapsulated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in vitro. 29082833 1 68 from effect 211:216 arg1 size 258:261 size 258:261 size 258:261 The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of collagen-alginate composition on the size and shape of microbeads and the proliferation and osteogenic properties of microencapsulated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in vitro. 29082833 5 69 theme size 984:987 arg1 variation 989:997 size variation 984:997 size variation 984:997 As the collagen ratio increased, the size and size variation of microbeads increased and the shape of microbeads became more irregular. 29082833 7 70 theme significant 1281:1291 arg1 differences 1293:1303 no significant differences 1278:1303 no significant differences in viability of the ASCs in the various collagen-alginate compositions 1278:1374 There were no significant differences in viability of the ASCs in the various collagen-alginate compositions. 29082833 0 71 theme adipose 108:114 arg1 activities 153:162 microencapsulated canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell activities 83:162 microencapsulated canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell activities 83:162 Impact of collagen-alginate composition from microbead morphological properties to microencapsulated canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell activities. 29082833 1 72 theme stem 391:394 arg1 cells 396:400 microencapsulated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells 338:400 microencapsulated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) 338:407 The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of collagen-alginate composition on the size and shape of microbeads and the proliferation and osteogenic properties of microencapsulated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in vitro. 29082833 1 72 theme stem 391:394 arg1 ASCs 403:406 ASCs 403:406 ASCs 403:406 The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of collagen-alginate composition on the size and shape of microbeads and the proliferation and osteogenic properties of microencapsulated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in vitro. 29082833 1 73 theme study 185:189 arg1 purpose 169:175 The purpose 165:175 The purpose of this study 165:189 The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of collagen-alginate composition on the size and shape of microbeads and the proliferation and osteogenic properties of microencapsulated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in vitro. 29082833 1 74 dep proliferation 295:307 arg1 the 291:293 the 291:293 the 291:293 The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of collagen-alginate composition on the size and shape of microbeads and the proliferation and osteogenic properties of microencapsulated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in vitro. 29082833 4 75 theme osteogenic 779:788 arg1 potentials 790:799 osteogenic potentials 779:799 osteogenic potentials 779:799 Proliferation and osteogenic potentials of microencapsulated canine ASCs were evaluated using an alamarBlue proliferation assay and an alkaline phosphatase assay, respectively. 29082833 0 76 theme mesenchymal 131:141 arg1 activities 153:162 microencapsulated canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell activities 83:162 microencapsulated canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell activities 83:162 Impact of collagen-alginate composition from microbead morphological properties to microencapsulated canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell activities. 29082833 0 77 from properties 69:78 arg1 Impact 0:5 Impact 0:5 Impact of collagen-alginate composition from microbead morphological properties to microencapsulated canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell activities. 0:163 Impact of collagen-alginate composition from microbead morphological properties to microencapsulated canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell activities. 29082833 0 77 from properties 69:78 arg1 composition 28:38 collagen-alginate composition 10:38 collagen-alginate composition from microbead morphological properties 10:78 Impact of collagen-alginate composition from microbead morphological properties to microencapsulated canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell activities. 29082833 4 78 theme alamarBlue 858:867 arg1 assay 883:887 an alamarBlue proliferation assay 855:887 an alamarBlue proliferation assay 855:887 Proliferation and osteogenic potentials of microencapsulated canine ASCs were evaluated using an alamarBlue proliferation assay and an alkaline phosphatase assay, respectively. 29082833 0 79 theme cell 148:151 arg1 activities 153:162 microencapsulated canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell activities 83:162 microencapsulated canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell activities 83:162 Impact of collagen-alginate composition from microbead morphological properties to microencapsulated canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell activities. 29082833 1 80 theme collagen-alginate 221:237 arg1 composition 239:249 collagen-alginate composition 221:249 collagen-alginate composition 221:249 The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of collagen-alginate composition on the size and shape of microbeads and the proliferation and osteogenic properties of microencapsulated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in vitro. 29082833 9 81 theme microbeads 1675:1684 arg1 viability 1695:1703 cell viability 1690:1703 cell viability 1690:1703 Microencapsulation of canine ASCs with appropriate collagen-alginate composition increases cell proliferation and osteogenic properties, in vitro, without significant effects on the shape and size of microbeads and cell viability. 29082833 9 81 theme microbeads 1675:1684 arg1 size 1667:1670 size 1667:1670 size 1667:1670 Microencapsulation of canine ASCs with appropriate collagen-alginate composition increases cell proliferation and osteogenic properties, in vitro, without significant effects on the shape and size of microbeads and cell viability. 29082833 9 81 theme microbeads 1675:1684 arg1 shape 1657:1661 shape 1657:1661 shape 1657:1661 Microencapsulation of canine ASCs with appropriate collagen-alginate composition increases cell proliferation and osteogenic properties, in vitro, without significant effects on the shape and size of microbeads and cell viability. 29082833 9 82 theme cell 1690:1693 arg1 viability 1695:1703 cell viability 1690:1703 cell viability 1690:1703 Microencapsulation of canine ASCs with appropriate collagen-alginate composition increases cell proliferation and osteogenic properties, in vitro, without significant effects on the shape and size of microbeads and cell viability. 29082833 2 83 theme compositions 495:506 arg1 mixtures 457:464 mixtures 457:464 mixtures of various collagen-alginate compositions 457:506 Canine ASCs were microencapsulated in mixtures of various collagen-alginate compositions using a vibrational technologic encapsulator. 29082833 8 84 theme collagen 1459:1466 arg1 ratio 1468:1472 collagen ratio 1459:1472 collagen ratio 1459:1472 Both proliferation and osteogenic properties, in vitro, increased with increasing collagen ratio. 29082833 0 85 theme composition 28:38 arg1 Impact 0:5 Impact 0:5 Impact of collagen-alginate composition from microbead morphological properties to microencapsulated canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell activities. 0:163 Impact of collagen-alginate composition from microbead morphological properties to microencapsulated canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell activities. 29082833 2 86 theme various 469:475 arg1 compositions 495:506 various collagen-alginate compositions 469:506 various collagen-alginate compositions 469:506 Canine ASCs were microencapsulated in mixtures of various collagen-alginate compositions using a vibrational technologic encapsulator. 29082833 0 87 theme microbead 45:53 arg1 properties 69:78 microbead morphological properties 45:78 microbead morphological properties 45:78 Impact of collagen-alginate composition from microbead morphological properties to microencapsulated canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell activities. 29082833 2 88 theme technologic 528:538 arg1 encapsulator 540:551 a vibrational technologic encapsulator 514:551 a vibrational technologic encapsulator 514:551 Canine ASCs were microencapsulated in mixtures of various collagen-alginate compositions using a vibrational technologic encapsulator. 29082833 10 89 theme therapeutic 1826:1836 arg1 efficacy 1838:1845 the therapeutic efficacy 1822:1845 the therapeutic efficacy of stem cells 1822:1859 Microencapsulation with adequate collagen-alginate composition may produce injectable microbeads that could enhance the therapeutic efficacy of stem cells. 29082833 1 90 theme microencapsulated 338:354 arg1 cells 396:400 microencapsulated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells 338:400 microencapsulated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) 338:407 The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of collagen-alginate composition on the size and shape of microbeads and the proliferation and osteogenic properties of microencapsulated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in vitro. 29082833 1 90 theme microencapsulated 338:354 arg1 ASCs 403:406 ASCs 403:406 ASCs 403:406 The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of collagen-alginate composition on the size and shape of microbeads and the proliferation and osteogenic properties of microencapsulated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in vitro. 29082833 6 91 theme % 1220:1220 arg1 solution 1231:1238 0.099% collagen solution 1215:1238 0.099% collagen solution 1215:1238 Nonetheless, homogeneous microbeads were created with no significant difference in size and shape, in the range of 0.75% alginate mixed with 0.099% collagen solution in 1.2% alginate solution. 29082833 1 92 theme adipose-derived 363:377 arg1 cells 396:400 microencapsulated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells 338:400 microencapsulated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) 338:407 The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of collagen-alginate composition on the size and shape of microbeads and the proliferation and osteogenic properties of microencapsulated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in vitro. 29082833 1 92 theme adipose-derived 363:377 arg1 ASCs 403:406 ASCs 403:406 ASCs 403:406 The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of collagen-alginate composition on the size and shape of microbeads and the proliferation and osteogenic properties of microencapsulated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in vitro. 29082833 7 93 theme various 1337:1343 arg1 compositions 1363:1374 the various collagen-alginate compositions 1333:1374 the various collagen-alginate compositions 1333:1374 There were no significant differences in viability of the ASCs in the various collagen-alginate compositions. 29082833 3 94 theme live/dead 723:731 arg1 kit 756:758 a live/dead viability/cytotoxicity kit 721:758 a live/dead viability/cytotoxicity kit 721:758 The size and shape of the resultant microbeads were measured using a light field microscope and the viability of the microencapsulated canine ASCs was evaluated using a live/dead viability/cytotoxicity kit. 29082833 10 95 theme cells 1855:1859 arg1 efficacy 1838:1845 the therapeutic efficacy 1822:1845 the therapeutic efficacy of stem cells 1822:1859 Microencapsulation with adequate collagen-alginate composition may produce injectable microbeads that could enhance the therapeutic efficacy of stem cells. 29082833 9 96 theme canine 1497:1502 arg1 ASCs 1504:1507 canine ASCs 1497:1507 canine ASCs 1497:1507 Microencapsulation of canine ASCs with appropriate collagen-alginate composition increases cell proliferation and osteogenic properties, in vitro, without significant effects on the shape and size of microbeads and cell viability. 29082833 6 97 theme alginate 1195:1202 arg1 range 1180:1184 the range 1176:1184 the range of 0.75% alginate mixed with 0.099% collagen solution in 1.2% alginate solution 1176:1264 Nonetheless, homogeneous microbeads were created with no significant difference in size and shape, in the range of 0.75% alginate mixed with 0.099% collagen solution in 1.2% alginate solution. 29082833 4 98 theme phosphatase 905:915 arg1 assay 917:921 an alkaline phosphatase assay 893:921 an alkaline phosphatase assay 893:921 Proliferation and osteogenic potentials of microencapsulated canine ASCs were evaluated using an alamarBlue proliferation assay and an alkaline phosphatase assay, respectively. 29082833 3 99 theme resultant 580:588 arg1 microbeads 590:599 the resultant microbeads 576:599 the resultant microbeads 576:599 The size and shape of the resultant microbeads were measured using a light field microscope and the viability of the microencapsulated canine ASCs was evaluated using a live/dead viability/cytotoxicity kit. 27734288 1 0 theme pharmaceutical 257:270 arg1 industry 285:292 pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry 257:292 industry 285:292 Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and levan attract much attention due to a wide range of applications in food technology and pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. 27734288 6 1 theme sugarcane 897:905 arg1 components 885:894 medium components 878:894 medium components: sugarcane juice and casein peptone concentration 878:944 Central composite rotatable design was used to study the main and the interactive effects of medium components: sugarcane juice and casein peptone concentration on levan production by the bacterium. 27734288 6 1 theme sugarcane 897:905 arg1 juice 907:911 sugarcane juice 897:911 sugarcane juice 897:911 Central composite rotatable design was used to study the main and the interactive effects of medium components: sugarcane juice and casein peptone concentration on levan production by the bacterium. 27734288 3 2 theme levan 528:532 arg1 production 494:503 production 494:503 production 494:503 In this study, characterization of levansucrase and production of short-chain FOS and levan were investigated. 27734288 3 2 theme levan 528:532 arg1 levansucrase 477:488 levansucrase 477:488 levansucrase 477:488 In this study, characterization of levansucrase and production of short-chain FOS and levan were investigated. 27734288 5 3 theme fermentation 663:674 arg1 conditions 676:685 fermentation conditions 663:685 fermentation conditions 663:685 The optimization of fermentation conditions for levan production using sugarcane juice by response surface methodology (RSM) was carried out. 27734288 2 4 theme Bacillus 295:302 arg1 ANT 318:320 Bacillus licheniformis ANT 179 295:324 Bacillus licheniformis ANT 179 295:324 Bacillus licheniformis ANT 179, isolated from Antarctica soil, produced levansucrase and levan in a medium containing sucrose as carbon substrate. 27734288 11 5 theme endotoxin 1896:1904 arg1 devoid 1886:1891 devoid 1886:1891 devoid 1886:1891 The levan and FOS synthesized by the bacterium are suitable for food applications and biomedical uses as the bacterium has GRAS status and devoid of endotoxin as compared to other Gram-negative bacteria. 27734288 1 6 theme cosmetic 276:283 arg1 industry 285:292 pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry 257:292 industry 285:292 Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and levan attract much attention due to a wide range of applications in food technology and pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. 27734288 6 7 theme components 885:894 arg1 effects 867:873 the interactive effects 851:873 the interactive effects of medium components: sugarcane juice and casein peptone concentration on levan production by the bacterium 851:981 Central composite rotatable design was used to study the main and the interactive effects of medium components: sugarcane juice and casein peptone concentration on levan production by the bacterium. 27734288 6 8 theme composite 793:801 arg1 design 813:818 Central composite rotatable design 785:818 Central composite rotatable design 785:818 Central composite rotatable design was used to study the main and the interactive effects of medium components: sugarcane juice and casein peptone concentration on levan production by the bacterium. 27734288 10 9 theme FOS 1714:1716 arg1 production 1689:1698 scale-up production 1680:1698 scale-up production of enzyme and FOS for industrial applications 1680:1744 The locally available low-cost substrate such as sugarcane juice in the form of a renewable substrate is proposed to be suitable even for scale-up production of enzyme and FOS for industrial applications. 27734288 11 10 theme Gram-negative 1927:1939 arg1 bacteria 1941:1948 other Gram-negative bacteria 1921:1948 other Gram-negative bacteria 1921:1948 The levan and FOS synthesized by the bacterium are suitable for food applications and biomedical uses as the bacterium has GRAS status and devoid of endotoxin as compared to other Gram-negative bacteria. 27734288 2 11 attach isolated 327:334 arg1 soil 352:355 Antarctica soil 341:355 Antarctica soil 341:355 Bacillus licheniformis ANT 179, isolated from Antarctica soil, produced levansucrase and levan in a medium containing sucrose as carbon substrate. 27734288 2 11 attach isolated 327:334 arg2 ANT 318:320 Bacillus licheniformis ANT 179 295:324 Bacillus licheniformis ANT 179 295:324 Bacillus licheniformis ANT 179, isolated from Antarctica soil, produced levansucrase and levan in a medium containing sucrose as carbon substrate. 27734288 5 12 theme sugarcane 714:722 arg1 juice 724:728 sugarcane juice 714:728 sugarcane juice by response surface methodology (RSM) 714:766 The optimization of fermentation conditions for levan production using sugarcane juice by response surface methodology (RSM) was carried out. 27734288 1 13 theme wide 207:210 arg1 range 212:216 a wide range 205:216 a wide range of applications in food technology and pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry 205:292 Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and levan attract much attention due to a wide range of applications in food technology and pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. 27734288 10 14 theme enzyme 1703:1708 arg1 production 1689:1698 scale-up production 1680:1698 scale-up production of enzyme and FOS for industrial applications 1680:1744 The locally available low-cost substrate such as sugarcane juice in the form of a renewable substrate is proposed to be suitable even for scale-up production of enzyme and FOS for industrial applications. 27734288 1 15 from range 212:216 arg1 industry 285:292 pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry 257:292 industry 285:292 Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and levan attract much attention due to a wide range of applications in food technology and pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. 27734288 1 15 from range 212:216 arg1 technology 242:251 food technology 237:251 food technology 237:251 Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and levan attract much attention due to a wide range of applications in food technology and pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. 27734288 6 16 used used 824:827 arg2 design 813:818 Central composite rotatable design 785:818 Central composite rotatable design 785:818 Central composite rotatable design was used to study the main and the interactive effects of medium components: sugarcane juice and casein peptone concentration on levan production by the bacterium. 27734288 7 17 from temperature 1135:1145 arg1 optimal 1088:1094 optimal 1088:1094 optimal 1088:1094 The optimized medium with sugarcane juice at 20 % (v/v) and casein peptone at 2 % (w/v) was found to be optimal at an initial pH of 7.0 and incubation temperature of 35 °C for 48 h. Under these conditions, the maximum levan concentration was 50.25 g/L on wet weight basis and 16.35 g/L on dry weight basis. 27734288 7 17 from temperature 1135:1145 arg1 medium 998:1003 The optimized medium 984:1003 The optimized medium with sugarcane juice at 20 % (v/v) and casein peptone at 2 % (w/v) 984:1070 The optimized medium with sugarcane juice at 20 % (v/v) and casein peptone at 2 % (w/v) was found to be optimal at an initial pH of 7.0 and incubation temperature of 35 °C for 48 h. Under these conditions, the maximum levan concentration was 50.25 g/L on wet weight basis and 16.35 g/L on dry weight basis. 27734288 1 18 from applications 221:232 arg1 industry 285:292 pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry 257:292 industry 285:292 Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and levan attract much attention due to a wide range of applications in food technology and pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. 27734288 1 18 from applications 221:232 arg1 technology 242:251 food technology 237:251 food technology 237:251 Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and levan attract much attention due to a wide range of applications in food technology and pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. 27734288 1 19 from technology 242:251 arg1 range 212:216 a wide range 205:216 a wide range of applications in food technology and pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry 205:292 Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and levan attract much attention due to a wide range of applications in food technology and pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. 27734288 6 20 theme peptone 924:930 arg1 components 885:894 medium components 878:894 medium components: sugarcane juice and casein peptone concentration 878:944 Central composite rotatable design was used to study the main and the interactive effects of medium components: sugarcane juice and casein peptone concentration on levan production by the bacterium. 27734288 6 20 theme peptone 924:930 arg1 concentration 932:944 casein peptone concentration 917:944 casein peptone concentration 917:944 Central composite rotatable design was used to study the main and the interactive effects of medium components: sugarcane juice and casein peptone concentration on levan production by the bacterium. 27734288 7 21 theme weight 1277:1282 arg1 basis 1284:1288 dry weight basis 1273:1288 dry weight basis 1273:1288 The optimized medium with sugarcane juice at 20 % (v/v) and casein peptone at 2 % (w/v) was found to be optimal at an initial pH of 7.0 and incubation temperature of 35 °C for 48 h. Under these conditions, the maximum levan concentration was 50.25 g/L on wet weight basis and 16.35 g/L on dry weight basis. 27734288 10 22 from juice 1601:1605 arg1 form 1614:1617 the form 1610:1617 the form of a renewable substrate 1610:1642 The locally available low-cost substrate such as sugarcane juice in the form of a renewable substrate is proposed to be suitable even for scale-up production of enzyme and FOS for industrial applications. 27734288 10 23 theme industrial 1722:1731 arg1 applications 1733:1744 industrial applications 1722:1744 industrial applications 1722:1744 The locally available low-cost substrate such as sugarcane juice in the form of a renewable substrate is proposed to be suitable even for scale-up production of enzyme and FOS for industrial applications. 27734288 7 24 theme optimized 988:996 arg1 optimal 1088:1094 optimal 1088:1094 optimal 1088:1094 The optimized medium with sugarcane juice at 20 % (v/v) and casein peptone at 2 % (w/v) was found to be optimal at an initial pH of 7.0 and incubation temperature of 35 °C for 48 h. Under these conditions, the maximum levan concentration was 50.25 g/L on wet weight basis and 16.35 g/L on dry weight basis. 27734288 7 24 theme optimized 988:996 arg1 medium 998:1003 The optimized medium 984:1003 The optimized medium with sugarcane juice at 20 % (v/v) and casein peptone at 2 % (w/v) 984:1070 The optimized medium with sugarcane juice at 20 % (v/v) and casein peptone at 2 % (w/v) was found to be optimal at an initial pH of 7.0 and incubation temperature of 35 °C for 48 h. Under these conditions, the maximum levan concentration was 50.25 g/L on wet weight basis and 16.35 g/L on dry weight basis. 27734288 0 25 theme ANT 71:73 arg1 179 75:77 Cold-Active Bacillus licheniformis ANT 179 36:77 Cold-Active Bacillus licheniformis ANT 179 36:77 Optimization of Levan Production by Cold-Active Bacillus licheniformis ANT 179 and Fructooligosaccharide Synthesis by Its Levansucrase. 27734288 7 26 theme initial 1102:1108 arg1 pH 1110:1111 an initial pH 1099:1111 an initial pH of 7.0 1099:1118 The optimized medium with sugarcane juice at 20 % (v/v) and casein peptone at 2 % (w/v) was found to be optimal at an initial pH of 7.0 and incubation temperature of 35 °C for 48 h. Under these conditions, the maximum levan concentration was 50.25 g/L on wet weight basis and 16.35 g/L on dry weight basis. 27734288 7 27 with medium 998:1003 arg1 juice 1020:1024 sugarcane juice 1010:1024 sugarcane juice at 20 % (v/v) and casein peptone 1010:1057 The optimized medium with sugarcane juice at 20 % (v/v) and casein peptone at 2 % (w/v) was found to be optimal at an initial pH of 7.0 and incubation temperature of 35 °C for 48 h. Under these conditions, the maximum levan concentration was 50.25 g/L on wet weight basis and 16.35 g/L on dry weight basis. 27734288 7 28 theme 35 °C 1150:1154 arg1 temperature 1135:1145 incubation temperature 1124:1145 incubation temperature of 35 °C for 48 h. 1124:1164 The optimized medium with sugarcane juice at 20 % (v/v) and casein peptone at 2 % (w/v) was found to be optimal at an initial pH of 7.0 and incubation temperature of 35 °C for 48 h. Under these conditions, the maximum levan concentration was 50.25 g/L on wet weight basis and 16.35 g/L on dry weight basis. 27734288 7 28 theme 35 °C 1150:1154 arg1 pH 1110:1111 an initial pH 1099:1111 an initial pH of 7.0 1099:1118 The optimized medium with sugarcane juice at 20 % (v/v) and casein peptone at 2 % (w/v) was found to be optimal at an initial pH of 7.0 and incubation temperature of 35 °C for 48 h. Under these conditions, the maximum levan concentration was 50.25 g/L on wet weight basis and 16.35 g/L on dry weight basis. 27734288 5 29 theme surface 742:748 arg1 methodology 750:760 response surface methodology 733:760 response surface methodology (RSM) 733:766 The optimization of fermentation conditions for levan production using sugarcane juice by response surface methodology (RSM) was carried out. 27734288 5 29 theme surface 742:748 arg1 RSM 763:765 RSM 763:765 RSM 763:765 The optimization of fermentation conditions for levan production using sugarcane juice by response surface methodology (RSM) was carried out. 27734288 9 30 from sucrose 1533:1539 arg1 FOS 1524:1526 FOS 1524:1526 FOS from sucrose 1524:1539 The study revealed that the levansucrase could form FOS from sucrose. 27734288 8 31 theme nuclear 1429:1435 arg1 NMR 1457:1459 NMR 1457:1459 NMR 1457:1459 The produced inulin type FOS (kestose and neokestose) and levan were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. 27734288 8 31 theme nuclear 1429:1435 arg1 resonance 1446:1454 nuclear magnetic resonance 1429:1454 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis 1429:1469 The produced inulin type FOS (kestose and neokestose) and levan were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. 27734288 3 32 theme levansucrase 477:488 arg1 characterization 457:472 characterization 457:472 characterization of levansucrase and production of short-chain FOS and levan 457:532 In this study, characterization of levansucrase and production of short-chain FOS and levan were investigated. 27734288 8 33 theme resonance 1446:1454 arg1 analysis 1462:1469 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis 1429:1469 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis 1429:1469 The produced inulin type FOS (kestose and neokestose) and levan were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. 27734288 4 34 theme pH 569:570 arg1 optimum 572:578 Temperature and pH optimum 553:578 optimum 572:578 Temperature and pH optimum of the enzyme were found to be 60 °C and pH 6.0, respectively. 27734288 8 35 theme inulin 1304:1309 arg1 FOS 1316:1318 The produced inulin type FOS 1291:1318 The produced inulin type FOS (kestose and neokestose) 1291:1343 The produced inulin type FOS (kestose and neokestose) and levan were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. 27734288 10 36 theme sugarcane 1591:1599 arg1 juice 1601:1605 sugarcane juice 1591:1605 sugarcane juice in the form of a renewable substrate 1591:1642 The locally available low-cost substrate such as sugarcane juice in the form of a renewable substrate is proposed to be suitable even for scale-up production of enzyme and FOS for industrial applications. 27734288 0 37 theme Levan 16:20 arg1 Production 22:31 Levan Production 16:31 Levan Production by Cold-Active Bacillus licheniformis ANT 179 and Fructooligosaccharide Synthesis 16:113 Optimization of Levan Production by Cold-Active Bacillus licheniformis ANT 179 and Fructooligosaccharide Synthesis by Its Levansucrase. 27734288 8 38 dep transform 1385:1393 arg1 infrared 1395:1402 infrared 1395:1402 transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis 1385:1469 The produced inulin type FOS (kestose and neokestose) and levan were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. 27734288 7 39 theme wet 1239:1241 arg1 basis 1250:1254 wet weight basis 1239:1254 wet weight basis 1239:1254 The optimized medium with sugarcane juice at 20 % (v/v) and casein peptone at 2 % (w/v) was found to be optimal at an initial pH of 7.0 and incubation temperature of 35 °C for 48 h. Under these conditions, the maximum levan concentration was 50.25 g/L on wet weight basis and 16.35 g/L on dry weight basis. 27734288 11 40 theme food 1811:1814 arg1 applications 1816:1827 food applications 1811:1827 food applications and biomedical uses as the bacterium has GRAS status and devoid of endotoxin 1811:1904 The levan and FOS synthesized by the bacterium are suitable for food applications and biomedical uses as the bacterium has GRAS status and devoid of endotoxin as compared to other Gram-negative bacteria. 27734288 0 41 dep Bacillus 48:55 arg1 licheniformis 57:69 licheniformis 57:69 licheniformis 57:69 Optimization of Levan Production by Cold-Active Bacillus licheniformis ANT 179 and Fructooligosaccharide Synthesis by Its Levansucrase. 27734288 0 42 theme Bacillus 48:55 arg1 179 75:77 Cold-Active Bacillus licheniformis ANT 179 36:77 Cold-Active Bacillus licheniformis ANT 179 36:77 Optimization of Levan Production by Cold-Active Bacillus licheniformis ANT 179 and Fructooligosaccharide Synthesis by Its Levansucrase. 27734288 4 43 theme Temperature 553:563 arg1 optimum 572:578 Temperature and pH optimum 553:578 optimum 572:578 Temperature and pH optimum of the enzyme were found to be 60 °C and pH 6.0, respectively. 27734288 2 44 theme Antarctica 341:350 arg1 soil 352:355 Antarctica soil 341:355 Antarctica soil 341:355 Bacillus licheniformis ANT 179, isolated from Antarctica soil, produced levansucrase and levan in a medium containing sucrose as carbon substrate. 27734288 1 45 theme applications 221:232 arg1 range 212:216 a wide range 205:216 a wide range of applications in food technology and pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry 205:292 Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and levan attract much attention due to a wide range of applications in food technology and pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. 27734288 7 46 theme maximum 1194:1200 arg1 concentration 1208:1220 the maximum levan concentration 1190:1220 the maximum levan concentration 1190:1220 The optimized medium with sugarcane juice at 20 % (v/v) and casein peptone at 2 % (w/v) was found to be optimal at an initial pH of 7.0 and incubation temperature of 35 °C for 48 h. Under these conditions, the maximum levan concentration was 50.25 g/L on wet weight basis and 16.35 g/L on dry weight basis. 27734288 7 47 from % 1032:1032 arg1 juice 1020:1024 sugarcane juice 1010:1024 sugarcane juice at 20 % (v/v) and casein peptone 1010:1057 The optimized medium with sugarcane juice at 20 % (v/v) and casein peptone at 2 % (w/v) was found to be optimal at an initial pH of 7.0 and incubation temperature of 35 °C for 48 h. Under these conditions, the maximum levan concentration was 50.25 g/L on wet weight basis and 16.35 g/L on dry weight basis. 27734288 10 48 theme substrate 1634:1642 arg1 form 1614:1617 the form 1610:1617 the form of a renewable substrate 1610:1642 The locally available low-cost substrate such as sugarcane juice in the form of a renewable substrate is proposed to be suitable even for scale-up production of enzyme and FOS for industrial applications. 27734288 1 49 theme food 237:240 arg1 technology 242:251 food technology 237:251 food technology 237:251 Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and levan attract much attention due to a wide range of applications in food technology and pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. 27734288 6 50 theme casein 917:922 arg1 components 885:894 medium components 878:894 medium components: sugarcane juice and casein peptone concentration 878:944 Central composite rotatable design was used to study the main and the interactive effects of medium components: sugarcane juice and casein peptone concentration on levan production by the bacterium. 27734288 6 50 theme casein 917:922 arg1 concentration 932:944 casein peptone concentration 917:944 casein peptone concentration 917:944 Central composite rotatable design was used to study the main and the interactive effects of medium components: sugarcane juice and casein peptone concentration on levan production by the bacterium. 27734288 11 51 dep biomedical 1833:1842 arg1 uses 1844:1847 uses 1844:1847 uses as the bacterium has GRAS status 1844:1880 The levan and FOS synthesized by the bacterium are suitable for food applications and biomedical uses as the bacterium has GRAS status and devoid of endotoxin as compared to other Gram-negative bacteria. 27734288 6 52 dep components 885:894 arg1 components 885:894 medium components 878:894 medium components: sugarcane juice and casein peptone concentration 878:944 Central composite rotatable design was used to study the main and the interactive effects of medium components: sugarcane juice and casein peptone concentration on levan production by the bacterium. 27734288 6 52 dep components 885:894 arg1 juice 907:911 sugarcane juice 897:911 sugarcane juice 897:911 Central composite rotatable design was used to study the main and the interactive effects of medium components: sugarcane juice and casein peptone concentration on levan production by the bacterium. 27734288 6 52 dep components 885:894 arg1 concentration 932:944 casein peptone concentration 917:944 casein peptone concentration 917:944 Central composite rotatable design was used to study the main and the interactive effects of medium components: sugarcane juice and casein peptone concentration on levan production by the bacterium. 27734288 3 53 theme FOS 520:522 arg1 production 494:503 production 494:503 production 494:503 In this study, characterization of levansucrase and production of short-chain FOS and levan were investigated. 27734288 3 53 theme FOS 520:522 arg1 levansucrase 477:488 levansucrase 477:488 levansucrase 477:488 In this study, characterization of levansucrase and production of short-chain FOS and levan were investigated. 27734288 4 54 theme enzyme 587:592 arg1 optimum 572:578 Temperature and pH optimum 553:578 optimum 572:578 Temperature and pH optimum of the enzyme were found to be 60 °C and pH 6.0, respectively. 27734288 2 55 theme licheniformis 304:316 arg1 ANT 318:320 Bacillus licheniformis ANT 179 295:324 Bacillus licheniformis ANT 179 295:324 Bacillus licheniformis ANT 179, isolated from Antarctica soil, produced levansucrase and levan in a medium containing sucrose as carbon substrate. 27734288 11 56 theme other 1921:1925 arg1 bacteria 1941:1948 other Gram-negative bacteria 1921:1948 other Gram-negative bacteria 1921:1948 The levan and FOS synthesized by the bacterium are suitable for food applications and biomedical uses as the bacterium has GRAS status and devoid of endotoxin as compared to other Gram-negative bacteria. 27734288 7 57 from peptone 1051:1057 arg1 juice 1020:1024 sugarcane juice 1010:1024 sugarcane juice at 20 % (v/v) and casein peptone 1010:1057 The optimized medium with sugarcane juice at 20 % (v/v) and casein peptone at 2 % (w/v) was found to be optimal at an initial pH of 7.0 and incubation temperature of 35 °C for 48 h. Under these conditions, the maximum levan concentration was 50.25 g/L on wet weight basis and 16.35 g/L on dry weight basis. 27734288 6 58 theme rotatable 803:811 arg1 design 813:818 Central composite rotatable design 785:818 Central composite rotatable design 785:818 Central composite rotatable design was used to study the main and the interactive effects of medium components: sugarcane juice and casein peptone concentration on levan production by the bacterium. 27734288 11 59 theme devoid 1886:1891 arg1 applications 1816:1827 food applications 1811:1827 food applications and biomedical uses as the bacterium has GRAS status and devoid of endotoxin 1811:1904 The levan and FOS synthesized by the bacterium are suitable for food applications and biomedical uses as the bacterium has GRAS status and devoid of endotoxin as compared to other Gram-negative bacteria. 27734288 1 60 theme much 183:186 arg1 attention 188:196 much attention 183:196 much attention 183:196 Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and levan attract much attention due to a wide range of applications in food technology and pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. 27734288 11 61 theme GRAS 1870:1873 arg1 status 1875:1880 GRAS status 1870:1880 GRAS status 1870:1880 The levan and FOS synthesized by the bacterium are suitable for food applications and biomedical uses as the bacterium has GRAS status and devoid of endotoxin as compared to other Gram-negative bacteria. 27734288 6 62 theme medium 878:883 arg1 components 885:894 medium components 878:894 medium components: sugarcane juice and casein peptone concentration 878:944 Central composite rotatable design was used to study the main and the interactive effects of medium components: sugarcane juice and casein peptone concentration on levan production by the bacterium. 27734288 6 62 theme medium 878:883 arg1 juice 907:911 sugarcane juice 897:911 sugarcane juice 897:911 Central composite rotatable design was used to study the main and the interactive effects of medium components: sugarcane juice and casein peptone concentration on levan production by the bacterium. 27734288 6 62 theme medium 878:883 arg1 concentration 932:944 casein peptone concentration 917:944 casein peptone concentration 917:944 Central composite rotatable design was used to study the main and the interactive effects of medium components: sugarcane juice and casein peptone concentration on levan production by the bacterium. 27734288 1 63 from industry 285:292 arg1 range 212:216 a wide range 205:216 a wide range of applications in food technology and pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry 205:292 Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and levan attract much attention due to a wide range of applications in food technology and pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. 27734288 6 64 theme Central 785:791 arg1 design 813:818 Central composite rotatable design 785:818 Central composite rotatable design 785:818 Central composite rotatable design was used to study the main and the interactive effects of medium components: sugarcane juice and casein peptone concentration on levan production by the bacterium. 27734288 10 65 theme scale-up 1680:1687 arg1 production 1689:1698 scale-up production 1680:1698 scale-up production of enzyme and FOS for industrial applications 1680:1744 The locally available low-cost substrate such as sugarcane juice in the form of a renewable substrate is proposed to be suitable even for scale-up production of enzyme and FOS for industrial applications. 27734288 11 66 contain has 1866:1868 arg1 bacterium 1856:1864 the bacterium 1852:1864 the bacterium 1852:1864 The levan and FOS synthesized by the bacterium are suitable for food applications and biomedical uses as the bacterium has GRAS status and devoid of endotoxin as compared to other Gram-negative bacteria. 27734288 11 66 contain has 1866:1868 arg2 status 1875:1880 GRAS status 1870:1880 GRAS status 1870:1880 The levan and FOS synthesized by the bacterium are suitable for food applications and biomedical uses as the bacterium has GRAS status and devoid of endotoxin as compared to other Gram-negative bacteria. 27734288 6 67 from effects 867:873 arg1 production 955:964 levan production 949:964 levan production by the bacterium 949:981 Central composite rotatable design was used to study the main and the interactive effects of medium components: sugarcane juice and casein peptone concentration on levan production by the bacterium. 27734288 7 68 theme casein 1044:1049 arg1 peptone 1051:1057 casein peptone 1044:1057 casein peptone 1044:1057 The optimized medium with sugarcane juice at 20 % (v/v) and casein peptone at 2 % (w/v) was found to be optimal at an initial pH of 7.0 and incubation temperature of 35 °C for 48 h. Under these conditions, the maximum levan concentration was 50.25 g/L on wet weight basis and 16.35 g/L on dry weight basis. 27734288 6 69 theme levan 949:953 arg1 production 955:964 levan production 949:964 levan production by the bacterium 949:981 Central composite rotatable design was used to study the main and the interactive effects of medium components: sugarcane juice and casein peptone concentration on levan production by the bacterium. 27734288 7 70 theme incubation 1124:1133 arg1 temperature 1135:1145 incubation temperature 1124:1145 incubation temperature of 35 °C for 48 h. 1124:1164 The optimized medium with sugarcane juice at 20 % (v/v) and casein peptone at 2 % (w/v) was found to be optimal at an initial pH of 7.0 and incubation temperature of 35 °C for 48 h. Under these conditions, the maximum levan concentration was 50.25 g/L on wet weight basis and 16.35 g/L on dry weight basis. 27734288 5 71 theme conditions 676:685 arg1 optimization 647:658 The optimization 643:658 The optimization of fermentation conditions for levan production using sugarcane juice by response surface methodology (RSM) 643:766 The optimization of fermentation conditions for levan production using sugarcane juice by response surface methodology (RSM) was carried out. 27734288 2 72 contain containing 402:411 arg1 medium 395:400 a medium 393:400 a medium containing sucrose as carbon substrate 393:439 Bacillus licheniformis ANT 179, isolated from Antarctica soil, produced levansucrase and levan in a medium containing sucrose as carbon substrate. 27734288 2 72 contain containing 402:411 arg2 sucrose 413:419 sucrose 413:419 sucrose 413:419 Bacillus licheniformis ANT 179, isolated from Antarctica soil, produced levansucrase and levan in a medium containing sucrose as carbon substrate. 27734288 5 73 theme levan 691:695 arg1 production 697:706 levan production 691:706 levan production using sugarcane juice by response surface methodology (RSM) 691:766 The optimization of fermentation conditions for levan production using sugarcane juice by response surface methodology (RSM) was carried out. 27734288 7 74 theme sugarcane 1010:1018 arg1 juice 1020:1024 sugarcane juice 1010:1024 sugarcane juice at 20 % (v/v) and casein peptone 1010:1057 The optimized medium with sugarcane juice at 20 % (v/v) and casein peptone at 2 % (w/v) was found to be optimal at an initial pH of 7.0 and incubation temperature of 35 °C for 48 h. Under these conditions, the maximum levan concentration was 50.25 g/L on wet weight basis and 16.35 g/L on dry weight basis. 27734288 11 75 theme biomedical 1833:1842 arg1 applications 1816:1827 food applications 1811:1827 food applications and biomedical uses as the bacterium has GRAS status and devoid of endotoxin 1811:1904 The levan and FOS synthesized by the bacterium are suitable for food applications and biomedical uses as the bacterium has GRAS status and devoid of endotoxin as compared to other Gram-negative bacteria. 27734288 7 76 theme dry 1273:1275 arg1 basis 1284:1288 dry weight basis 1273:1288 dry weight basis 1273:1288 The optimized medium with sugarcane juice at 20 % (v/v) and casein peptone at 2 % (w/v) was found to be optimal at an initial pH of 7.0 and incubation temperature of 35 °C for 48 h. Under these conditions, the maximum levan concentration was 50.25 g/L on wet weight basis and 16.35 g/L on dry weight basis. 27734288 0 77 theme Fructooligosaccharide 83:103 arg1 Synthesis 105:113 Fructooligosaccharide Synthesis 83:113 Fructooligosaccharide Synthesis 83:113 Optimization of Levan Production by Cold-Active Bacillus licheniformis ANT 179 and Fructooligosaccharide Synthesis by Its Levansucrase. 27734288 8 78 dep FOS 1316:1318 arg1 neokestose 1333:1342 neokestose 1333:1342 neokestose 1333:1342 The produced inulin type FOS (kestose and neokestose) and levan were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. 27734288 8 78 dep FOS 1316:1318 arg1 kestose 1321:1327 kestose 1321:1327 kestose 1321:1327 The produced inulin type FOS (kestose and neokestose) and levan were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. 27734288 5 79 theme response 733:740 arg1 methodology 750:760 response surface methodology 733:760 response surface methodology (RSM) 733:766 The optimization of fermentation conditions for levan production using sugarcane juice by response surface methodology (RSM) was carried out. 27734288 5 79 theme response 733:740 arg1 RSM 763:765 RSM 763:765 RSM 763:765 The optimization of fermentation conditions for levan production using sugarcane juice by response surface methodology (RSM) was carried out. 27734288 8 80 theme magnetic 1437:1444 arg1 NMR 1457:1459 NMR 1457:1459 NMR 1457:1459 The produced inulin type FOS (kestose and neokestose) and levan were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. 27734288 8 80 theme magnetic 1437:1444 arg1 resonance 1446:1454 nuclear magnetic resonance 1429:1454 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis 1429:1469 The produced inulin type FOS (kestose and neokestose) and levan were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. 27734288 7 81 theme 7.0 1116:1118 arg1 temperature 1135:1145 incubation temperature 1124:1145 incubation temperature of 35 °C for 48 h. 1124:1164 The optimized medium with sugarcane juice at 20 % (v/v) and casein peptone at 2 % (w/v) was found to be optimal at an initial pH of 7.0 and incubation temperature of 35 °C for 48 h. Under these conditions, the maximum levan concentration was 50.25 g/L on wet weight basis and 16.35 g/L on dry weight basis. 27734288 7 81 theme 7.0 1116:1118 arg1 pH 1110:1111 an initial pH 1099:1111 an initial pH of 7.0 1099:1118 The optimized medium with sugarcane juice at 20 % (v/v) and casein peptone at 2 % (w/v) was found to be optimal at an initial pH of 7.0 and incubation temperature of 35 °C for 48 h. Under these conditions, the maximum levan concentration was 50.25 g/L on wet weight basis and 16.35 g/L on dry weight basis. 27734288 11 82 dep levan 1751:1755 arg1 The 1747:1749 The 1747:1749 The 1747:1749 The levan and FOS synthesized by the bacterium are suitable for food applications and biomedical uses as the bacterium has GRAS status and devoid of endotoxin as compared to other Gram-negative bacteria. 27734288 7 83 from pH 1110:1111 arg1 optimal 1088:1094 optimal 1088:1094 optimal 1088:1094 The optimized medium with sugarcane juice at 20 % (v/v) and casein peptone at 2 % (w/v) was found to be optimal at an initial pH of 7.0 and incubation temperature of 35 °C for 48 h. Under these conditions, the maximum levan concentration was 50.25 g/L on wet weight basis and 16.35 g/L on dry weight basis. 27734288 7 83 from pH 1110:1111 arg1 medium 998:1003 The optimized medium 984:1003 The optimized medium with sugarcane juice at 20 % (v/v) and casein peptone at 2 % (w/v) 984:1070 The optimized medium with sugarcane juice at 20 % (v/v) and casein peptone at 2 % (w/v) was found to be optimal at an initial pH of 7.0 and incubation temperature of 35 °C for 48 h. Under these conditions, the maximum levan concentration was 50.25 g/L on wet weight basis and 16.35 g/L on dry weight basis. 27734288 10 84 theme available 1554:1562 arg1 suitable 1662:1669 suitable 1662:1669 suitable 1662:1669 The locally available low-cost substrate such as sugarcane juice in the form of a renewable substrate is proposed to be suitable even for scale-up production of enzyme and FOS for industrial applications. 27734288 10 84 theme available 1554:1562 arg1 substrate 1573:1581 The locally available low-cost substrate 1542:1581 The locally available low-cost substrate such as sugarcane juice in the form of a renewable substrate 1542:1642 The locally available low-cost substrate such as sugarcane juice in the form of a renewable substrate is proposed to be suitable even for scale-up production of enzyme and FOS for industrial applications. 27734288 7 85 theme weight 1243:1248 arg1 basis 1250:1254 wet weight basis 1239:1254 wet weight basis 1239:1254 The optimized medium with sugarcane juice at 20 % (v/v) and casein peptone at 2 % (w/v) was found to be optimal at an initial pH of 7.0 and incubation temperature of 35 °C for 48 h. Under these conditions, the maximum levan concentration was 50.25 g/L on wet weight basis and 16.35 g/L on dry weight basis. 27734288 0 86 theme Production 22:31 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of Levan Production by Cold-Active Bacillus licheniformis ANT 179 and Fructooligosaccharide Synthesis by Its Levansucrase. 0:134 Optimization of Levan Production by Cold-Active Bacillus licheniformis ANT 179 and Fructooligosaccharide Synthesis by Its Levansucrase. 27734288 7 87 from % 1064:1064 arg1 optimal 1088:1094 optimal 1088:1094 optimal 1088:1094 The optimized medium with sugarcane juice at 20 % (v/v) and casein peptone at 2 % (w/v) was found to be optimal at an initial pH of 7.0 and incubation temperature of 35 °C for 48 h. Under these conditions, the maximum levan concentration was 50.25 g/L on wet weight basis and 16.35 g/L on dry weight basis. 27734288 7 87 from % 1064:1064 arg1 medium 998:1003 The optimized medium 984:1003 The optimized medium with sugarcane juice at 20 % (v/v) and casein peptone at 2 % (w/v) 984:1070 The optimized medium with sugarcane juice at 20 % (v/v) and casein peptone at 2 % (w/v) was found to be optimal at an initial pH of 7.0 and incubation temperature of 35 °C for 48 h. Under these conditions, the maximum levan concentration was 50.25 g/L on wet weight basis and 16.35 g/L on dry weight basis. 27734288 8 88 theme produced 1295:1302 arg1 FOS 1316:1318 The produced inulin type FOS 1291:1318 The produced inulin type FOS (kestose and neokestose) 1291:1343 The produced inulin type FOS (kestose and neokestose) and levan were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. 27734288 2 89 theme carbon 424:429 arg1 substrate 431:439 carbon substrate 424:439 carbon substrate 424:439 Bacillus licheniformis ANT 179, isolated from Antarctica soil, produced levansucrase and levan in a medium containing sucrose as carbon substrate. 27734288 0 90 theme Cold-Active 36:46 arg1 179 75:77 Cold-Active Bacillus licheniformis ANT 179 36:77 Cold-Active Bacillus licheniformis ANT 179 36:77 Optimization of Levan Production by Cold-Active Bacillus licheniformis ANT 179 and Fructooligosaccharide Synthesis by Its Levansucrase. 27734288 8 91 dep Fourier 1377:1383 arg1 transform 1385:1393 transform 1385:1393 transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis 1385:1469 The produced inulin type FOS (kestose and neokestose) and levan were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. 27734288 6 92 theme interactive 855:865 arg1 effects 867:873 the interactive effects 851:873 the interactive effects of medium components: sugarcane juice and casein peptone concentration on levan production by the bacterium 851:981 Central composite rotatable design was used to study the main and the interactive effects of medium components: sugarcane juice and casein peptone concentration on levan production by the bacterium. 27734288 8 93 theme type 1311:1314 arg1 FOS 1316:1318 The produced inulin type FOS 1291:1318 The produced inulin type FOS (kestose and neokestose) 1291:1343 The produced inulin type FOS (kestose and neokestose) and levan were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. 27734288 7 94 theme levan 1202:1206 arg1 concentration 1208:1220 the maximum levan concentration 1190:1220 the maximum levan concentration 1190:1220 The optimized medium with sugarcane juice at 20 % (v/v) and casein peptone at 2 % (w/v) was found to be optimal at an initial pH of 7.0 and incubation temperature of 35 °C for 48 h. Under these conditions, the maximum levan concentration was 50.25 g/L on wet weight basis and 16.35 g/L on dry weight basis. 27734288 3 95 theme short-chain 508:518 arg1 FOS 520:522 short-chain FOS 508:522 short-chain FOS 508:522 In this study, characterization of levansucrase and production of short-chain FOS and levan were investigated. 27734288 3 96 theme production 494:503 arg1 characterization 457:472 characterization 457:472 characterization of levansucrase and production of short-chain FOS and levan 457:532 In this study, characterization of levansucrase and production of short-chain FOS and levan were investigated. 27734288 10 97 dep available 1554:1562 arg1 low-cost 1564:1571 low-cost 1564:1571 low-cost 1564:1571 The locally available low-cost substrate such as sugarcane juice in the form of a renewable substrate is proposed to be suitable even for scale-up production of enzyme and FOS for industrial applications. 27734288 10 98 theme renewable 1624:1632 arg1 substrate 1634:1642 a renewable substrate 1622:1642 a renewable substrate 1622:1642 The locally available low-cost substrate such as sugarcane juice in the form of a renewable substrate is proposed to be suitable even for scale-up production of enzyme and FOS for industrial applications. 29191419 3 0 theme primary 458:464 arg1 parameter 466:474 the primary parameter 454:474 the primary parameter for final disposal 454:493 Low-cost polymers are being used as alternative materials to treat oily waters after treatment by conventional methods, oil and grease (O&G) concentration being the primary parameter for final disposal. 29191419 3 0 theme primary 458:464 arg1 concentration 434:446 oil and grease (O&G) concentration 413:446 oil and grease (O&G) concentration 413:446 Low-cost polymers are being used as alternative materials to treat oily waters after treatment by conventional methods, oil and grease (O&G) concentration being the primary parameter for final disposal. 29191419 6 1 theme polymeric 950:958 arg1 network 960:966 the polymeric network 946:966 the polymeric network 946:966 The salting out effect occurs with reticulation of the polymeric chains by borate ions and in the presence of electrolytes, reducing the solubility of the polymeric network in the solution and leading to an electrolyte- and polymer-rich phase. 29191419 3 2 theme Low-cost 293:300 arg1 polymers 302:309 Low-cost polymers 293:309 Low-cost polymers 293:309 Low-cost polymers are being used as alternative materials to treat oily waters after treatment by conventional methods, oil and grease (O&G) concentration being the primary parameter for final disposal. 29191419 3 2 theme Low-cost 293:300 arg1 materials 341:349 alternative materials 329:349 alternative materials 329:349 Low-cost polymers are being used as alternative materials to treat oily waters after treatment by conventional methods, oil and grease (O&G) concentration being the primary parameter for final disposal. 29191419 6 3 theme borate 870:875 arg1 ions 877:880 borate ions 870:880 borate ions 870:880 The salting out effect occurs with reticulation of the polymeric chains by borate ions and in the presence of electrolytes, reducing the solubility of the polymeric network in the solution and leading to an electrolyte- and polymer-rich phase. 29191419 8 4 theme oily 1254:1257 arg1 waters 1259:1264 synthetic oily waters 1244:1264 synthetic oily waters 1244:1264 The gelling guar gum was highly efficient in synthetic oily waters. 29191419 2 5 from composition 280:290 arg1 basins 252:257 mature basins 245:257 mature basins 245:257 Oily water is a worrisome by-product of the oil industry due to its growing volume in mature basins and complex chemical composition. 29191419 5 6 theme guar 665:668 arg1 gum 670:672 guar gum 665:672 guar gum 665:672 In this study, guar gum, under specific conditions, shapes itself into three-dimensional structures with interesting physicochemical properties. 29191419 0 7 from Application 0:10 arg1 clarification 33:45 brine clarification 27:45 brine clarification 27:45 Application of guar gum in brine clarification and oily water treatment. 29191419 7 8 theme gum 1053:1055 arg1 gel 1057:1059 the guar gum gel 1044:1059 the guar gum gel 1044:1059 When the guar gum gel was prepared in situ in the produced water, after the salting out effect, the oil was imprisoned in the interstices of the collapsed gel. 29191419 8 9 theme synthetic 1244:1252 arg1 waters 1259:1264 synthetic oily waters 1244:1264 synthetic oily waters 1244:1264 The gelling guar gum was highly efficient in synthetic oily waters. 29191419 3 10 theme alternative 329:339 arg1 polymers 302:309 Low-cost polymers 293:309 Low-cost polymers 293:309 Low-cost polymers are being used as alternative materials to treat oily waters after treatment by conventional methods, oil and grease (O&G) concentration being the primary parameter for final disposal. 29191419 3 10 theme alternative 329:339 arg1 materials 341:349 alternative materials 329:349 alternative materials 329:349 Low-cost polymers are being used as alternative materials to treat oily waters after treatment by conventional methods, oil and grease (O&G) concentration being the primary parameter for final disposal. 29191419 6 11 theme chains 860:865 arg1 reticulation 830:841 reticulation 830:841 reticulation of the polymeric chains 830:865 The salting out effect occurs with reticulation of the polymeric chains by borate ions and in the presence of electrolytes, reducing the solubility of the polymeric network in the solution and leading to an electrolyte- and polymer-rich phase. 29191419 5 12 with structures 739:748 arg1 properties 783:792 interesting physicochemical properties 755:792 interesting physicochemical properties 755:792 In this study, guar gum, under specific conditions, shapes itself into three-dimensional structures with interesting physicochemical properties. 29191419 2 13 theme mature 245:250 arg1 basins 252:257 mature basins 245:257 mature basins 245:257 Oily water is a worrisome by-product of the oil industry due to its growing volume in mature basins and complex chemical composition. 29191419 9 14 theme oil 1312:1314 arg1 % 1347:1347 above 90% 1339:1347 above 90% 1339:1347 In the case of initial O&G above 100ppm, the oil removal percentage was above 90%. 29191419 9 14 theme oil 1312:1314 arg1 percentage 1324:1333 the oil removal percentage 1308:1333 the oil removal percentage 1308:1333 In the case of initial O&G above 100ppm, the oil removal percentage was above 90%. 29191419 6 15 theme polymeric 850:858 arg1 chains 860:865 the polymeric chains 846:865 the polymeric chains 846:865 The salting out effect occurs with reticulation of the polymeric chains by borate ions and in the presence of electrolytes, reducing the solubility of the polymeric network in the solution and leading to an electrolyte- and polymer-rich phase. 29191419 3 16 used used 321:324 arg2 materials 341:349 alternative materials 329:349 alternative materials 329:349 Low-cost polymers are being used as alternative materials to treat oily waters after treatment by conventional methods, oil and grease (O&G) concentration being the primary parameter for final disposal. 29191419 3 16 used used 321:324 arg2 polymers 302:309 Low-cost polymers 293:309 Low-cost polymers 293:309 Low-cost polymers are being used as alternative materials to treat oily waters after treatment by conventional methods, oil and grease (O&G) concentration being the primary parameter for final disposal. 29191419 9 17 theme removal 1316:1322 arg1 % 1347:1347 above 90% 1339:1347 above 90% 1339:1347 In the case of initial O&G above 100ppm, the oil removal percentage was above 90%. 29191419 9 17 theme removal 1316:1322 arg1 percentage 1324:1333 the oil removal percentage 1308:1333 the oil removal percentage 1308:1333 In the case of initial O&G above 100ppm, the oil removal percentage was above 90%. 29191419 6 18 from solubility 932:941 arg1 solution 975:982 the solution 971:982 the solution 971:982 The salting out effect occurs with reticulation of the polymeric chains by borate ions and in the presence of electrolytes, reducing the solubility of the polymeric network in the solution and leading to an electrolyte- and polymer-rich phase. 29191419 8 19 from efficient 1231:1239 arg1 waters 1259:1264 synthetic oily waters 1244:1264 synthetic oily waters 1244:1264 The gelling guar gum was highly efficient in synthetic oily waters. 29191419 5 20 theme interesting 755:765 arg1 properties 783:792 interesting physicochemical properties 755:792 interesting physicochemical properties 755:792 In this study, guar gum, under specific conditions, shapes itself into three-dimensional structures with interesting physicochemical properties. 29191419 3 21 theme oil 413:415 arg1 parameter 466:474 the primary parameter 454:474 the primary parameter for final disposal 454:493 Low-cost polymers are being used as alternative materials to treat oily waters after treatment by conventional methods, oil and grease (O&G) concentration being the primary parameter for final disposal. 29191419 3 21 theme oil 413:415 arg1 concentration 434:446 oil and grease (O&G) concentration 413:446 oil and grease (O&G) concentration 413:446 Low-cost polymers are being used as alternative materials to treat oily waters after treatment by conventional methods, oil and grease (O&G) concentration being the primary parameter for final disposal. 29191419 6 22 theme electrolytes 905:916 arg1 presence 893:900 the presence 889:900 the presence of electrolytes 889:916 The salting out effect occurs with reticulation of the polymeric chains by borate ions and in the presence of electrolytes, reducing the solubility of the polymeric network in the solution and leading to an electrolyte- and polymer-rich phase. 29191419 5 23 theme specific 681:688 arg1 conditions 690:699 specific conditions 681:699 specific conditions 681:699 In this study, guar gum, under specific conditions, shapes itself into three-dimensional structures with interesting physicochemical properties. 29191419 3 24 theme conventional 391:402 arg1 methods 404:410 conventional methods 391:410 conventional methods 391:410 Low-cost polymers are being used as alternative materials to treat oily waters after treatment by conventional methods, oil and grease (O&G) concentration being the primary parameter for final disposal. 29191419 3 25 theme oily 360:363 arg1 waters 365:370 oily waters 360:370 oily waters 360:370 Low-cost polymers are being used as alternative materials to treat oily waters after treatment by conventional methods, oil and grease (O&G) concentration being the primary parameter for final disposal. 29191419 2 26 theme chemical 271:278 arg1 composition 280:290 complex chemical composition 263:290 complex chemical composition 263:290 Oily water is a worrisome by-product of the oil industry due to its growing volume in mature basins and complex chemical composition. 29191419 2 27 theme Oily 159:162 arg1 water 164:168 Oily water 159:168 Oily water 159:168 Oily water is a worrisome by-product of the oil industry due to its growing volume in mature basins and complex chemical composition. 29191419 2 27 theme Oily 159:162 arg1 by-product 185:194 a worrisome by-product 173:194 a worrisome by-product of the oil industry due to its growing volume in mature basins and complex chemical composition 173:290 Oily water is a worrisome by-product of the oil industry due to its growing volume in mature basins and complex chemical composition. 29191419 0 28 theme gum 20:22 arg1 treatment 62:70 oily water treatment 51:70 oily water treatment 51:70 Application of guar gum in brine clarification and oily water treatment. 29191419 0 28 theme gum 20:22 arg1 Application 0:10 Application 0:10 Application of guar gum in brine clarification 0:45 Application of guar gum in brine clarification and oily water treatment. 29191419 2 29 theme complex 263:269 arg1 composition 280:290 complex chemical composition 263:290 complex chemical composition 263:290 Oily water is a worrisome by-product of the oil industry due to its growing volume in mature basins and complex chemical composition. 29191419 1 30 theme increasing 77:86 arg1 amount 88:93 The increasing amount 73:93 The increasing amount of oil wastewater 73:111 The increasing amount of oil wastewater is causing serious damage to the environment. 29191419 1 30 theme increasing 77:86 arg1 wastewater 102:111 oil wastewater 98:111 oil wastewater 98:111 The increasing amount of oil wastewater is causing serious damage to the environment. 29191419 5 31 theme physicochemical 767:781 arg1 properties 783:792 interesting physicochemical properties 755:792 interesting physicochemical properties 755:792 In this study, guar gum, under specific conditions, shapes itself into three-dimensional structures with interesting physicochemical properties. 29191419 4 32 theme natural 633:639 arg1 polymer 641:647 a low-cost, highly-hydrophilic natural polymer 602:647 a low-cost, highly-hydrophilic natural polymer 602:647 In this respect, guar gum can be used to treat petroleum-contaminated waters, with the advantage of being a low-cost, highly-hydrophilic natural polymer. 29191419 0 33 theme brine 27:31 arg1 clarification 33:45 brine clarification 27:45 brine clarification 27:45 Application of guar gum in brine clarification and oily water treatment. 29191419 4 34 theme guar 513:516 arg1 gum 518:520 guar gum 513:520 guar gum 513:520 In this respect, guar gum can be used to treat petroleum-contaminated waters, with the advantage of being a low-cost, highly-hydrophilic natural polymer. 29191419 0 35 from treatment 62:70 arg1 clarification 33:45 brine clarification 27:45 brine clarification 27:45 Application of guar gum in brine clarification and oily water treatment. 29191419 2 36 theme industry 207:214 arg1 water 164:168 Oily water 159:168 Oily water 159:168 Oily water is a worrisome by-product of the oil industry due to its growing volume in mature basins and complex chemical composition. 29191419 2 36 theme industry 207:214 arg1 by-product 185:194 a worrisome by-product 173:194 a worrisome by-product of the oil industry due to its growing volume in mature basins and complex chemical composition 173:290 Oily water is a worrisome by-product of the oil industry due to its growing volume in mature basins and complex chemical composition. 29191419 4 37 theme low-cost 604:611 arg1 polymer 641:647 a low-cost, highly-hydrophilic natural polymer 602:647 a low-cost, highly-hydrophilic natural polymer 602:647 In this respect, guar gum can be used to treat petroleum-contaminated waters, with the advantage of being a low-cost, highly-hydrophilic natural polymer. 29191419 2 38 theme oil 203:205 arg1 industry 207:214 the oil industry 199:214 the oil industry 199:214 Oily water is a worrisome by-product of the oil industry due to its growing volume in mature basins and complex chemical composition. 29191419 3 39 theme grease 421:426 arg1 parameter 466:474 the primary parameter 454:474 the primary parameter for final disposal 454:493 Low-cost polymers are being used as alternative materials to treat oily waters after treatment by conventional methods, oil and grease (O&G) concentration being the primary parameter for final disposal. 29191419 3 39 theme grease 421:426 arg1 concentration 434:446 oil and grease (O&G) concentration 413:446 oil and grease (O&G) concentration 413:446 Low-cost polymers are being used as alternative materials to treat oily waters after treatment by conventional methods, oil and grease (O&G) concentration being the primary parameter for final disposal. 29191419 5 40 theme three-dimensional 721:737 arg1 structures 739:748 three-dimensional structures 721:748 three-dimensional structures with interesting physicochemical properties 721:792 In this study, guar gum, under specific conditions, shapes itself into three-dimensional structures with interesting physicochemical properties. 29191419 4 41 used used 529:532 arg2 gum 518:520 guar gum 513:520 guar gum 513:520 In this respect, guar gum can be used to treat petroleum-contaminated waters, with the advantage of being a low-cost, highly-hydrophilic natural polymer. 29191419 1 42 theme oil 98:100 arg1 wastewater 102:111 oil wastewater 98:111 oil wastewater 98:111 The increasing amount of oil wastewater is causing serious damage to the environment. 29191419 6 43 theme electrolyte- 1002:1013 arg1 phase 1032:1036 an electrolyte- and polymer-rich phase 999:1036 an electrolyte- and polymer-rich phase 999:1036 The salting out effect occurs with reticulation of the polymeric chains by borate ions and in the presence of electrolytes, reducing the solubility of the polymeric network in the solution and leading to an electrolyte- and polymer-rich phase. 29191419 7 44 theme guar 1048:1051 arg1 gum 1053:1055 the guar gum 1044:1055 the guar gum gel 1044:1059 When the guar gum gel was prepared in situ in the produced water, after the salting out effect, the oil was imprisoned in the interstices of the collapsed gel. 29191419 7 45 theme collapsed 1184:1192 arg1 gel 1194:1196 the collapsed gel 1180:1196 the collapsed gel 1180:1196 When the guar gum gel was prepared in situ in the produced water, after the salting out effect, the oil was imprisoned in the interstices of the collapsed gel. 29191419 1 46 theme wastewater 102:111 arg1 amount 88:93 The increasing amount 73:93 The increasing amount of oil wastewater 73:111 The increasing amount of oil wastewater is causing serious damage to the environment. 29191419 1 46 theme wastewater 102:111 arg1 wastewater 102:111 oil wastewater 98:111 oil wastewater 98:111 The increasing amount of oil wastewater is causing serious damage to the environment. 29191419 8 47 from waters 1259:1264 arg1 gum 1216:1218 The gelling guar gum 1199:1218 The gelling guar gum 1199:1218 The gelling guar gum was highly efficient in synthetic oily waters. 29191419 8 47 from waters 1259:1264 arg1 efficient 1231:1239 efficient 1231:1239 efficient 1231:1239 The gelling guar gum was highly efficient in synthetic oily waters. 29191419 7 48 theme produced 1089:1096 arg1 water 1098:1102 the produced water 1085:1102 the produced water 1085:1102 When the guar gum gel was prepared in situ in the produced water, after the salting out effect, the oil was imprisoned in the interstices of the collapsed gel. 29191419 2 49 theme worrisome 175:183 arg1 water 164:168 Oily water 159:168 Oily water 159:168 Oily water is a worrisome by-product of the oil industry due to its growing volume in mature basins and complex chemical composition. 29191419 2 49 theme worrisome 175:183 arg1 by-product 185:194 a worrisome by-product 173:194 a worrisome by-product of the oil industry due to its growing volume in mature basins and complex chemical composition 173:290 Oily water is a worrisome by-product of the oil industry due to its growing volume in mature basins and complex chemical composition. 29191419 2 50 theme growing 227:233 arg1 volume 235:240 its growing volume 223:240 its growing volume in mature basins 223:257 Oily water is a worrisome by-product of the oil industry due to its growing volume in mature basins and complex chemical composition. 29191419 9 51 from % 1347:1347 arg1 case 1274:1277 the case 1270:1277 the case of initial O&G above 100ppm 1270:1305 In the case of initial O&G above 100ppm, the oil removal percentage was above 90%. 29191419 8 52 theme guar 1211:1214 arg1 gum 1216:1218 The gelling guar gum 1199:1218 The gelling guar gum 1199:1218 The gelling guar gum was highly efficient in synthetic oily waters. 29191419 8 52 theme guar 1211:1214 arg1 efficient 1231:1239 efficient 1231:1239 efficient 1231:1239 The gelling guar gum was highly efficient in synthetic oily waters. 29191419 2 53 from volume 235:240 arg1 basins 252:257 mature basins 245:257 mature basins 245:257 Oily water is a worrisome by-product of the oil industry due to its growing volume in mature basins and complex chemical composition. 29191419 4 54 theme petroleum-contaminated 543:564 arg1 waters 566:571 petroleum-contaminated waters 543:571 petroleum-contaminated waters 543:571 In this respect, guar gum can be used to treat petroleum-contaminated waters, with the advantage of being a low-cost, highly-hydrophilic natural polymer. 29191419 7 55 dep effect 1127:1132 arg1 the 1111:1113 the 1111:1113 the 1111:1113 When the guar gum gel was prepared in situ in the produced water, after the salting out effect, the oil was imprisoned in the interstices of the collapsed gel. 29191419 7 55 dep effect 1127:1132 arg1 salting 1115:1121 salting 1115:1121 salting 1115:1121 When the guar gum gel was prepared in situ in the produced water, after the salting out effect, the oil was imprisoned in the interstices of the collapsed gel. 29191419 7 56 theme gel 1194:1196 arg1 interstices 1165:1175 the interstices 1161:1175 the interstices of the collapsed gel 1161:1196 When the guar gum gel was prepared in situ in the produced water, after the salting out effect, the oil was imprisoned in the interstices of the collapsed gel. 29191419 4 57 dep low-cost 604:611 arg1 highly-hydrophilic 614:631 highly-hydrophilic 614:631 highly-hydrophilic 614:631 In this respect, guar gum can be used to treat petroleum-contaminated waters, with the advantage of being a low-cost, highly-hydrophilic natural polymer. 29191419 8 58 theme gelling 1203:1209 arg1 gum 1216:1218 The gelling guar gum 1199:1218 The gelling guar gum 1199:1218 The gelling guar gum was highly efficient in synthetic oily waters. 29191419 8 58 theme gelling 1203:1209 arg1 efficient 1231:1239 efficient 1231:1239 efficient 1231:1239 The gelling guar gum was highly efficient in synthetic oily waters. 29191419 9 59 theme initial 1282:1288 arg1 O&G 1290:1292 initial O&G 1282:1292 initial O&G above 100ppm 1282:1305 In the case of initial O&G above 100ppm, the oil removal percentage was above 90%. 29191419 0 60 theme water 56:60 arg1 treatment 62:70 oily water treatment 51:70 oily water treatment 51:70 Application of guar gum in brine clarification and oily water treatment. 29191419 1 61 theme serious 124:130 arg1 damage 132:137 serious damage 124:137 serious damage to the environment 124:156 The increasing amount of oil wastewater is causing serious damage to the environment. 29191419 6 62 theme polymer-rich 1019:1030 arg1 phase 1032:1036 an electrolyte- and polymer-rich phase 999:1036 an electrolyte- and polymer-rich phase 999:1036 The salting out effect occurs with reticulation of the polymeric chains by borate ions and in the presence of electrolytes, reducing the solubility of the polymeric network in the solution and leading to an electrolyte- and polymer-rich phase. 29191419 9 63 theme O&G 1290:1292 arg1 case 1274:1277 the case 1270:1277 the case of initial O&G above 100ppm 1270:1305 In the case of initial O&G above 100ppm, the oil removal percentage was above 90%. 29191419 0 64 theme oily 51:54 arg1 treatment 62:70 oily water treatment 51:70 oily water treatment 51:70 Application of guar gum in brine clarification and oily water treatment. 29191419 0 65 theme guar 15:18 arg1 gum 20:22 guar gum 15:22 guar gum 15:22 Application of guar gum in brine clarification and oily water treatment. 29191419 3 66 theme final 480:484 arg1 disposal 486:493 final disposal 480:493 final disposal 480:493 Low-cost polymers are being used as alternative materials to treat oily waters after treatment by conventional methods, oil and grease (O&G) concentration being the primary parameter for final disposal. 29191419 6 67 theme network 960:966 arg1 solubility 932:941 the solubility 928:941 the solubility of the polymeric network in the solution 928:982 The salting out effect occurs with reticulation of the polymeric chains by borate ions and in the presence of electrolytes, reducing the solubility of the polymeric network in the solution and leading to an electrolyte- and polymer-rich phase. 28511724 3 0 theme cellulosic 532:541 arg1 substrates 543:552 cellulosic substrates 532:552 cellulosic substrates 532:552 Consequently, SWOs can increase the accessibility and efficiency of the other enzymes involved in the saccharification of cellulosic substrates. 28511724 1 1 theme plant 254:258 arg1 expansins 260:268 canonical plant expansins 244:268 canonical plant expansins 244:268 BACKGROUND Fungal swollenins (SWOs) constitute a class of accessory proteins that are homologous to canonical plant expansins. 28511724 4 2 theme plant 620:624 arg1 biomass 626:632 plant biomass 620:632 plant biomass 620:632 Thus, SWOs are promising targets for improving the hydrolysis of plant biomass and for use as an additive to enhance the efficiency of an enzyme cocktail designed for the production of biofuels. 28511724 7 3 theme protein 1108:1114 arg1 modeling 1060:1067 structural modeling 1049:1067 structural modeling 1049:1067 The results from structural modeling and phylogenetic analysis of the ThSwo protein showed that ThSwo does preserve some structural features of the plant expansins and family-45 glycosyl hydrolase enzymes, but it evolutionarily diverges from both of these protein classes. 28511724 7 3 theme protein 1108:1114 arg1 analysis 1086:1093 phylogenetic analysis 1073:1093 phylogenetic analysis of the ThSwo protein 1073:1114 The results from structural modeling and phylogenetic analysis of the ThSwo protein showed that ThSwo does preserve some structural features of the plant expansins and family-45 glycosyl hydrolase enzymes, but it evolutionarily diverges from both of these protein classes. 28511724 2 4 theme expansin-related 285:300 arg1 proteins 302:309 expansin-related proteins 285:309 expansin-related proteins 285:309 Expansins and expansin-related proteins are well known for acting in the deagglomeration of cellulose structure by loosening macrofibrils. 28511724 9 5 theme hydrolytic 1651:1660 arg1 performance 1662:1672 its hydrolytic performance 1647:1672 its hydrolytic performance up to 147 ± 7% 1647:1687 Bioactivity assays revealed that the purified recombinant ThSwo created a rough and amorphous surface on Avicel and displayed a high synergistic effect with a commercial xylanase from T. viride, enhancing its hydrolytic performance up to 147 ± 7%. 28511724 10 6 theme structure 1722:1730 arg1 aspects 1707:1713 CONCLUSIONS Many aspects 1690:1713 CONCLUSIONS Many aspects of the structure and mechanism of action of fungal SWOs 1690:1769 CONCLUSIONS Many aspects of the structure and mechanism of action of fungal SWOs remain unknown. 28511724 10 7 theme fungal 1759:1764 arg1 SWOs 1766:1769 fungal SWOs 1759:1769 fungal SWOs 1759:1769 CONCLUSIONS Many aspects of the structure and mechanism of action of fungal SWOs remain unknown. 28511724 10 8 theme action 1749:1754 arg1 mechanism 1736:1744 mechanism 1736:1744 mechanism 1736:1744 CONCLUSIONS Many aspects of the structure and mechanism of action of fungal SWOs remain unknown. 28511724 10 8 theme action 1749:1754 arg1 structure 1722:1730 structure 1722:1730 structure 1722:1730 CONCLUSIONS Many aspects of the structure and mechanism of action of fungal SWOs remain unknown. 28511724 8 9 theme native 1423:1428 arg1 SWO 1437:1439 a native fungal SWO 1421:1439 a native fungal SWO 1421:1439 Recombinant ThSwo was purified at a high yield and with high purity and showed secondary folding similar to that of a native fungal SWO. 28511724 7 10 theme structural 1049:1058 arg1 modeling 1060:1067 structural modeling 1049:1067 structural modeling 1049:1067 The results from structural modeling and phylogenetic analysis of the ThSwo protein showed that ThSwo does preserve some structural features of the plant expansins and family-45 glycosyl hydrolase enzymes, but it evolutionarily diverges from both of these protein classes. 28511724 0 11 theme recombinant 16:26 arg1 swollenin 28:36 a recombinant swollenin 14:36 a recombinant swollenin from Trichoderma harzianum in Escherichia coli 14:83 Production of a recombinant swollenin from Trichoderma harzianum in Escherichia coli and its potential synergistic role in biomass degradation. 28511724 1 12 theme proteins 212:219 arg1 class 193:197 a class 191:197 a class of accessory proteins that are homologous to canonical plant expansins 191:268 BACKGROUND Fungal swollenins (SWOs) constitute a class of accessory proteins that are homologous to canonical plant expansins. 28511724 6 13 theme secretome 942:950 arg1 data 952:955 transcriptome and secretome data 924:955 transcriptome and secretome data 924:955 Initially, transcriptome and secretome data were used to compare swo gene expression and the amount of secreted ThSwo. 28511724 5 14 dep RESULTS 750:756 arg1 report 767:772 report 767:772 report the initial characterization of an SWO from Trichoderma harzianum (ThSwo) that was successfully produced using Escherichia coli as a host 767:910 RESULTS Here, we report the initial characterization of an SWO from Trichoderma harzianum (ThSwo) that was successfully produced using Escherichia coli as a host. 28511724 7 15 from analysis 1086:1093 arg1 results 1036:1042 The results 1032:1042 The results from structural modeling and phylogenetic analysis of the ThSwo protein 1032:1114 The results from structural modeling and phylogenetic analysis of the ThSwo protein showed that ThSwo does preserve some structural features of the plant expansins and family-45 glycosyl hydrolase enzymes, but it evolutionarily diverges from both of these protein classes. 28511724 6 16 used used 962:965 arg2 data 952:955 transcriptome and secretome data 924:955 transcriptome and secretome data 924:955 Initially, transcriptome and secretome data were used to compare swo gene expression and the amount of secreted ThSwo. 28511724 11 17 theme potential 1908:1916 arg1 role 1930:1933 its potential synergistic role 1904:1933 its potential synergistic role 1904:1933 In the present study, we produced a recombinant, active SWO from T. harzianum using a prokaryotic host and confirmed its potential synergistic role in biomass degradation. 28511724 9 18 theme purified 1479:1486 arg1 ThSwo 1500:1504 the purified recombinant ThSwo 1475:1504 the purified recombinant ThSwo 1475:1504 Bioactivity assays revealed that the purified recombinant ThSwo created a rough and amorphous surface on Avicel and displayed a high synergistic effect with a commercial xylanase from T. viride, enhancing its hydrolytic performance up to 147 ± 7%. 28511724 6 19 theme transcriptome 924:936 arg1 data 952:955 transcriptome and secretome data 924:955 transcriptome and secretome data 924:955 Initially, transcriptome and secretome data were used to compare swo gene expression and the amount of secreted ThSwo. 28511724 8 20 theme Recombinant 1305:1315 arg1 ThSwo 1317:1321 Recombinant ThSwo 1305:1321 Recombinant ThSwo 1305:1321 Recombinant ThSwo was purified at a high yield and with high purity and showed secondary folding similar to that of a native fungal SWO. 28511724 12 21 theme protein 2048:2054 arg1 structure 2017:2025 structure 2017:2025 structure 2017:2025 Our work paves the way for further studies evaluating the structure and function of this protein, especially regarding its use in biotechnology. 28511724 12 21 theme protein 2048:2054 arg1 function 2031:2038 function 2031:2038 function 2031:2038 Our work paves the way for further studies evaluating the structure and function of this protein, especially regarding its use in biotechnology. 28511724 4 22 theme enzyme 693:698 arg1 cocktail 700:707 an enzyme cocktail 690:707 an enzyme cocktail designed for the production of biofuels 690:747 Thus, SWOs are promising targets for improving the hydrolysis of plant biomass and for use as an additive to enhance the efficiency of an enzyme cocktail designed for the production of biofuels. 28511724 7 23 from modeling 1060:1067 arg1 results 1036:1042 The results 1032:1042 The results from structural modeling and phylogenetic analysis of the ThSwo protein 1032:1114 The results from structural modeling and phylogenetic analysis of the ThSwo protein showed that ThSwo does preserve some structural features of the plant expansins and family-45 glycosyl hydrolase enzymes, but it evolutionarily diverges from both of these protein classes. 28511724 11 24 theme biomass 1938:1944 arg1 degradation 1946:1956 biomass degradation 1938:1956 biomass degradation 1938:1956 In the present study, we produced a recombinant, active SWO from T. harzianum using a prokaryotic host and confirmed its potential synergistic role in biomass degradation. 28511724 1 25 theme Fungal 155:160 arg1 SWOs 174:177 SWOs 174:177 SWOs 174:177 BACKGROUND Fungal swollenins (SWOs) constitute a class of accessory proteins that are homologous to canonical plant expansins. 28511724 1 25 theme Fungal 155:160 arg1 swollenins 162:171 BACKGROUND Fungal swollenins 144:171 BACKGROUND Fungal swollenins (SWOs) 144:178 BACKGROUND Fungal swollenins (SWOs) constitute a class of accessory proteins that are homologous to canonical plant expansins. 28511724 7 26 theme hydrolase 1219:1227 arg1 enzymes 1229:1235 family-45 glycosyl hydrolase enzymes 1200:1235 family-45 glycosyl hydrolase enzymes 1200:1235 The results from structural modeling and phylogenetic analysis of the ThSwo protein showed that ThSwo does preserve some structural features of the plant expansins and family-45 glycosyl hydrolase enzymes, but it evolutionarily diverges from both of these protein classes. 28511724 0 27 from Production 0:9 arg1 degradation 131:141 biomass degradation 123:141 biomass degradation 123:141 Production of a recombinant swollenin from Trichoderma harzianum in Escherichia coli and its potential synergistic role in biomass degradation. 28511724 0 27 from Production 0:9 arg1 coli 80:83 Escherichia coli 68:83 Escherichia coli 68:83 Production of a recombinant swollenin from Trichoderma harzianum in Escherichia coli and its potential synergistic role in biomass degradation. 28511724 0 27 from Production 0:9 arg1 harzianum 55:63 Trichoderma harzianum 43:63 Trichoderma harzianum 43:63 Production of a recombinant swollenin from Trichoderma harzianum in Escherichia coli and its potential synergistic role in biomass degradation. 28511724 10 28 theme Many 1702:1705 arg1 aspects 1707:1713 CONCLUSIONS Many aspects 1690:1713 CONCLUSIONS Many aspects of the structure and mechanism of action of fungal SWOs 1690:1769 CONCLUSIONS Many aspects of the structure and mechanism of action of fungal SWOs remain unknown. 28511724 8 29 theme high 1341:1344 arg1 yield 1346:1350 a high yield 1339:1350 a high yield 1339:1350 Recombinant ThSwo was purified at a high yield and with high purity and showed secondary folding similar to that of a native fungal SWO. 28511724 7 30 theme family-45 1200:1208 arg1 enzymes 1229:1235 family-45 glycosyl hydrolase enzymes 1200:1235 family-45 glycosyl hydrolase enzymes 1200:1235 The results from structural modeling and phylogenetic analysis of the ThSwo protein showed that ThSwo does preserve some structural features of the plant expansins and family-45 glycosyl hydrolase enzymes, but it evolutionarily diverges from both of these protein classes. 28511724 10 31 theme mechanism 1736:1744 arg1 aspects 1707:1713 CONCLUSIONS Many aspects 1690:1713 CONCLUSIONS Many aspects of the structure and mechanism of action of fungal SWOs 1690:1769 CONCLUSIONS Many aspects of the structure and mechanism of action of fungal SWOs remain unknown. 28511724 12 32 dep structure 2017:2025 arg1 the 2013:2015 the 2013:2015 the 2013:2015 Our work paves the way for further studies evaluating the structure and function of this protein, especially regarding its use in biotechnology. 28511724 6 33 theme swo 978:980 arg1 expression 987:996 swo gene expression 978:996 swo gene expression 978:996 Initially, transcriptome and secretome data were used to compare swo gene expression and the amount of secreted ThSwo. 28511724 7 34 theme expansins 1186:1194 arg1 features 1164:1171 some structural features 1148:1171 some structural features of the plant expansins and family-45 glycosyl hydrolase enzymes 1148:1235 The results from structural modeling and phylogenetic analysis of the ThSwo protein showed that ThSwo does preserve some structural features of the plant expansins and family-45 glycosyl hydrolase enzymes, but it evolutionarily diverges from both of these protein classes. 28511724 11 35 dep recombinant 1823:1833 arg1 active 1836:1841 active 1836:1841 active 1836:1841 In the present study, we produced a recombinant, active SWO from T. harzianum using a prokaryotic host and confirmed its potential synergistic role in biomass degradation. 28511724 0 36 from swollenin 28:36 arg1 coli 80:83 Escherichia coli 68:83 Escherichia coli 68:83 Production of a recombinant swollenin from Trichoderma harzianum in Escherichia coli and its potential synergistic role in biomass degradation. 28511724 8 37 theme high 1361:1364 arg1 purity 1366:1371 high purity 1361:1371 high purity 1361:1371 Recombinant ThSwo was purified at a high yield and with high purity and showed secondary folding similar to that of a native fungal SWO. 28511724 11 38 theme T. 1852:1853 arg1 harzianum 1855:1863 T. harzianum 1852:1863 T. harzianum using a prokaryotic host 1852:1888 In the present study, we produced a recombinant, active SWO from T. harzianum using a prokaryotic host and confirmed its potential synergistic role in biomass degradation. 28511724 4 39 theme promising 570:578 arg1 SWOs 561:564 SWOs 561:564 SWOs 561:564 Thus, SWOs are promising targets for improving the hydrolysis of plant biomass and for use as an additive to enhance the efficiency of an enzyme cocktail designed for the production of biofuels. 28511724 4 39 theme promising 570:578 arg1 targets 580:586 promising targets 570:586 promising targets for improving the hydrolysis of plant biomass and for use as an additive to enhance the efficiency of an enzyme cocktail designed for the production of biofuels 570:747 Thus, SWOs are promising targets for improving the hydrolysis of plant biomass and for use as an additive to enhance the efficiency of an enzyme cocktail designed for the production of biofuels. 28511724 3 40 theme other 482:486 arg1 enzymes 488:494 the other enzymes 478:494 the other enzymes involved in the saccharification of cellulosic substrates 478:552 Consequently, SWOs can increase the accessibility and efficiency of the other enzymes involved in the saccharification of cellulosic substrates. 28511724 9 41 theme high 1570:1573 arg1 effect 1587:1592 a high synergistic effect 1568:1592 a high synergistic effect 1568:1592 Bioactivity assays revealed that the purified recombinant ThSwo created a rough and amorphous surface on Avicel and displayed a high synergistic effect with a commercial xylanase from T. viride, enhancing its hydrolytic performance up to 147 ± 7%. 28511724 5 42 theme Trichoderma 818:828 arg1 ThSwo 841:845 ThSwo 841:845 ThSwo 841:845 RESULTS Here, we report the initial characterization of an SWO from Trichoderma harzianum (ThSwo) that was successfully produced using Escherichia coli as a host. 28511724 5 42 theme Trichoderma 818:828 arg1 harzianum 830:838 Trichoderma harzianum 818:838 Trichoderma harzianum (ThSwo) that was successfully produced using Escherichia coli as a host 818:910 RESULTS Here, we report the initial characterization of an SWO from Trichoderma harzianum (ThSwo) that was successfully produced using Escherichia coli as a host. 28511724 8 43 theme secondary 1384:1392 arg1 folding 1394:1400 secondary folding 1384:1400 secondary folding similar to that of a native fungal SWO 1384:1439 Recombinant ThSwo was purified at a high yield and with high purity and showed secondary folding similar to that of a native fungal SWO. 28511724 11 44 theme prokaryotic 1873:1883 arg1 host 1885:1888 a prokaryotic host 1871:1888 a prokaryotic host 1871:1888 In the present study, we produced a recombinant, active SWO from T. harzianum using a prokaryotic host and confirmed its potential synergistic role in biomass degradation. 28511724 0 45 theme swollenin 28:36 arg1 Production 0:9 Production 0:9 Production of a recombinant swollenin from Trichoderma harzianum in Escherichia coli 0:83 Production of a recombinant swollenin from Trichoderma harzianum in Escherichia coli and its potential synergistic role in biomass degradation. 28511724 0 45 theme swollenin 28:36 arg1 role 115:118 its potential synergistic role 89:118 its potential synergistic role in biomass degradation 89:141 Production of a recombinant swollenin from Trichoderma harzianum in Escherichia coli and its potential synergistic role in biomass degradation. 28511724 3 46 dep accessibility 446:458 arg1 the 442:444 the 442:444 the 442:444 Consequently, SWOs can increase the accessibility and efficiency of the other enzymes involved in the saccharification of cellulosic substrates. 28511724 6 47 theme ThSwo 1025:1029 arg1 expression 987:996 swo gene expression 978:996 swo gene expression 978:996 Initially, transcriptome and secretome data were used to compare swo gene expression and the amount of secreted ThSwo. 28511724 6 47 theme ThSwo 1025:1029 arg1 amount 1006:1011 the amount 1002:1011 the amount of secreted ThSwo 1002:1029 Initially, transcriptome and secretome data were used to compare swo gene expression and the amount of secreted ThSwo. 28511724 6 47 theme ThSwo 1025:1029 arg1 ThSwo 1025:1029 secreted ThSwo 1016:1029 secreted ThSwo 1016:1029 Initially, transcriptome and secretome data were used to compare swo gene expression and the amount of secreted ThSwo. 28511724 8 48 theme similar 1402:1408 arg1 folding 1394:1400 secondary folding 1384:1400 secondary folding similar to that of a native fungal SWO 1384:1439 Recombinant ThSwo was purified at a high yield and with high purity and showed secondary folding similar to that of a native fungal SWO. 28511724 10 49 theme CONCLUSIONS 1690:1700 arg1 aspects 1707:1713 CONCLUSIONS Many aspects 1690:1713 CONCLUSIONS Many aspects of the structure and mechanism of action of fungal SWOs 1690:1769 CONCLUSIONS Many aspects of the structure and mechanism of action of fungal SWOs remain unknown. 28511724 9 50 dep performance 1662:1672 arg1 % 1687:1687 % 1687:1687 % 1687:1687 Bioactivity assays revealed that the purified recombinant ThSwo created a rough and amorphous surface on Avicel and displayed a high synergistic effect with a commercial xylanase from T. viride, enhancing its hydrolytic performance up to 147 ± 7%. 28511724 4 51 theme biomass 626:632 arg1 hydrolysis 606:615 the hydrolysis 602:615 the hydrolysis of plant biomass 602:632 Thus, SWOs are promising targets for improving the hydrolysis of plant biomass and for use as an additive to enhance the efficiency of an enzyme cocktail designed for the production of biofuels. 28511724 3 52 theme substrates 543:552 arg1 saccharification 512:527 the saccharification 508:527 the saccharification of cellulosic substrates 508:552 Consequently, SWOs can increase the accessibility and efficiency of the other enzymes involved in the saccharification of cellulosic substrates. 28511724 7 53 theme glycosyl 1210:1217 arg1 enzymes 1229:1235 family-45 glycosyl hydrolase enzymes 1200:1235 family-45 glycosyl hydrolase enzymes 1200:1235 The results from structural modeling and phylogenetic analysis of the ThSwo protein showed that ThSwo does preserve some structural features of the plant expansins and family-45 glycosyl hydrolase enzymes, but it evolutionarily diverges from both of these protein classes. 28511724 2 54 theme cellulose 363:371 arg1 structure 373:381 cellulose structure 363:381 cellulose structure 363:381 Expansins and expansin-related proteins are well known for acting in the deagglomeration of cellulose structure by loosening macrofibrils. 28511724 1 55 theme canonical 244:252 arg1 expansins 260:268 canonical plant expansins 244:268 canonical plant expansins 244:268 BACKGROUND Fungal swollenins (SWOs) constitute a class of accessory proteins that are homologous to canonical plant expansins. 28511724 12 56 theme further 1986:1992 arg1 studies 1994:2000 further studies 1986:2000 further studies evaluating the structure and function of this protein 1986:2054 Our work paves the way for further studies evaluating the structure and function of this protein, especially regarding its use in biotechnology. 28511724 7 57 theme ThSwo 1102:1106 arg1 protein 1108:1114 the ThSwo protein 1098:1114 the ThSwo protein 1098:1114 The results from structural modeling and phylogenetic analysis of the ThSwo protein showed that ThSwo does preserve some structural features of the plant expansins and family-45 glycosyl hydrolase enzymes, but it evolutionarily diverges from both of these protein classes. 28511724 0 58 theme Trichoderma 43:53 arg1 harzianum 55:63 Trichoderma harzianum 43:63 Trichoderma harzianum 43:63 Production of a recombinant swollenin from Trichoderma harzianum in Escherichia coli and its potential synergistic role in biomass degradation. 28511724 9 59 dep % 1687:1687 arg1 147 ± 7 1680:1686 147 ± 7 1680:1686 147 ± 7 1680:1686 Bioactivity assays revealed that the purified recombinant ThSwo created a rough and amorphous surface on Avicel and displayed a high synergistic effect with a commercial xylanase from T. viride, enhancing its hydrolytic performance up to 147 ± 7%. 28511724 7 60 theme phylogenetic 1073:1084 arg1 analysis 1086:1093 phylogenetic analysis 1073:1093 phylogenetic analysis of the ThSwo protein 1073:1114 The results from structural modeling and phylogenetic analysis of the ThSwo protein showed that ThSwo does preserve some structural features of the plant expansins and family-45 glycosyl hydrolase enzymes, but it evolutionarily diverges from both of these protein classes. 28511724 10 61 theme SWOs 1766:1769 arg1 action 1749:1754 action 1749:1754 action of fungal SWOs 1749:1769 CONCLUSIONS Many aspects of the structure and mechanism of action of fungal SWOs remain unknown. 28511724 0 62 theme biomass 123:129 arg1 degradation 131:141 biomass degradation 123:141 biomass degradation 123:141 Production of a recombinant swollenin from Trichoderma harzianum in Escherichia coli and its potential synergistic role in biomass degradation. 28511724 9 63 theme Bioactivity 1442:1452 arg1 assays 1454:1459 Bioactivity assays 1442:1459 Bioactivity assays 1442:1459 Bioactivity assays revealed that the purified recombinant ThSwo created a rough and amorphous surface on Avicel and displayed a high synergistic effect with a commercial xylanase from T. viride, enhancing its hydrolytic performance up to 147 ± 7%. 28511724 8 64 theme fungal 1430:1435 arg1 SWO 1437:1439 a native fungal SWO 1421:1439 a native fungal SWO 1421:1439 Recombinant ThSwo was purified at a high yield and with high purity and showed secondary folding similar to that of a native fungal SWO. 28511724 11 65 theme synergistic 1918:1928 arg1 role 1930:1933 its potential synergistic role 1904:1933 its potential synergistic role 1904:1933 In the present study, we produced a recombinant, active SWO from T. harzianum using a prokaryotic host and confirmed its potential synergistic role in biomass degradation. 28511724 1 66 theme accessory 202:210 arg1 proteins 212:219 accessory proteins 202:219 accessory proteins that are homologous to canonical plant expansins 202:268 BACKGROUND Fungal swollenins (SWOs) constitute a class of accessory proteins that are homologous to canonical plant expansins. 28511724 9 67 from viride 1629:1634 arg1 xylanase 1612:1619 a commercial xylanase 1599:1619 a commercial xylanase from T. viride 1599:1634 Bioactivity assays revealed that the purified recombinant ThSwo created a rough and amorphous surface on Avicel and displayed a high synergistic effect with a commercial xylanase from T. viride, enhancing its hydrolytic performance up to 147 ± 7%. 28511724 0 68 from role 115:118 arg1 degradation 131:141 biomass degradation 123:141 biomass degradation 123:141 Production of a recombinant swollenin from Trichoderma harzianum in Escherichia coli and its potential synergistic role in biomass degradation. 28511724 0 68 from role 115:118 arg1 coli 80:83 Escherichia coli 68:83 Escherichia coli 68:83 Production of a recombinant swollenin from Trichoderma harzianum in Escherichia coli and its potential synergistic role in biomass degradation. 28511724 0 68 from role 115:118 arg1 harzianum 55:63 Trichoderma harzianum 43:63 Trichoderma harzianum 43:63 Production of a recombinant swollenin from Trichoderma harzianum in Escherichia coli and its potential synergistic role in biomass degradation. 28511724 11 69 theme present 1794:1800 arg1 study 1802:1806 the present study 1790:1806 the present study 1790:1806 In the present study, we produced a recombinant, active SWO from T. harzianum using a prokaryotic host and confirmed its potential synergistic role in biomass degradation. 28511724 9 70 theme recombinant 1488:1498 arg1 ThSwo 1500:1504 the purified recombinant ThSwo 1475:1504 the purified recombinant ThSwo 1475:1504 Bioactivity assays revealed that the purified recombinant ThSwo created a rough and amorphous surface on Avicel and displayed a high synergistic effect with a commercial xylanase from T. viride, enhancing its hydrolytic performance up to 147 ± 7%. 28511724 6 71 theme secreted 1016:1023 arg1 ThSwo 1025:1029 secreted ThSwo 1016:1029 secreted ThSwo 1016:1029 Initially, transcriptome and secretome data were used to compare swo gene expression and the amount of secreted ThSwo. 28511724 7 72 theme enzymes 1229:1235 arg1 features 1164:1171 some structural features 1148:1171 some structural features of the plant expansins and family-45 glycosyl hydrolase enzymes 1148:1235 The results from structural modeling and phylogenetic analysis of the ThSwo protein showed that ThSwo does preserve some structural features of the plant expansins and family-45 glycosyl hydrolase enzymes, but it evolutionarily diverges from both of these protein classes. 28511724 1 73 theme BACKGROUND 144:153 arg1 SWOs 174:177 SWOs 174:177 SWOs 174:177 BACKGROUND Fungal swollenins (SWOs) constitute a class of accessory proteins that are homologous to canonical plant expansins. 28511724 1 73 theme BACKGROUND 144:153 arg1 swollenins 162:171 BACKGROUND Fungal swollenins 144:171 BACKGROUND Fungal swollenins (SWOs) 144:178 BACKGROUND Fungal swollenins (SWOs) constitute a class of accessory proteins that are homologous to canonical plant expansins. 28511724 10 74 dep structure 1722:1730 arg1 the 1718:1720 the 1718:1720 the 1718:1720 CONCLUSIONS Many aspects of the structure and mechanism of action of fungal SWOs remain unknown. 28511724 9 75 dep 147 ± 7 1680:1686 arg1 to 1677:1678 to 1677:1678 to 1677:1678 Bioactivity assays revealed that the purified recombinant ThSwo created a rough and amorphous surface on Avicel and displayed a high synergistic effect with a commercial xylanase from T. viride, enhancing its hydrolytic performance up to 147 ± 7%. 28511724 9 76 theme rough 1516:1520 arg1 surface 1536:1542 a rough and amorphous surface 1514:1542 a rough and amorphous surface on Avicel 1514:1552 Bioactivity assays revealed that the purified recombinant ThSwo created a rough and amorphous surface on Avicel and displayed a high synergistic effect with a commercial xylanase from T. viride, enhancing its hydrolytic performance up to 147 ± 7%. 28511724 4 77 theme cocktail 700:707 arg1 efficiency 676:685 the efficiency 672:685 the efficiency of an enzyme cocktail designed for the production of biofuels 672:747 Thus, SWOs are promising targets for improving the hydrolysis of plant biomass and for use as an additive to enhance the efficiency of an enzyme cocktail designed for the production of biofuels. 28511724 0 78 theme potential 93:101 arg1 role 115:118 its potential synergistic role 89:118 its potential synergistic role in biomass degradation 89:141 Production of a recombinant swollenin from Trichoderma harzianum in Escherichia coli and its potential synergistic role in biomass degradation. 28511724 5 79 from characterization 786:801 arg1 ThSwo 841:845 ThSwo 841:845 ThSwo 841:845 RESULTS Here, we report the initial characterization of an SWO from Trichoderma harzianum (ThSwo) that was successfully produced using Escherichia coli as a host. 28511724 5 79 from characterization 786:801 arg1 harzianum 830:838 Trichoderma harzianum 818:838 Trichoderma harzianum (ThSwo) that was successfully produced using Escherichia coli as a host 818:910 RESULTS Here, we report the initial characterization of an SWO from Trichoderma harzianum (ThSwo) that was successfully produced using Escherichia coli as a host. 28511724 9 80 theme amorphous 1526:1534 arg1 surface 1536:1542 a rough and amorphous surface 1514:1542 a rough and amorphous surface on Avicel 1514:1552 Bioactivity assays revealed that the purified recombinant ThSwo created a rough and amorphous surface on Avicel and displayed a high synergistic effect with a commercial xylanase from T. viride, enhancing its hydrolytic performance up to 147 ± 7%. 28511724 9 81 from surface 1536:1542 arg1 Avicel 1547:1552 Avicel 1547:1552 Avicel 1547:1552 Bioactivity assays revealed that the purified recombinant ThSwo created a rough and amorphous surface on Avicel and displayed a high synergistic effect with a commercial xylanase from T. viride, enhancing its hydrolytic performance up to 147 ± 7%. 28511724 6 82 theme gene 982:985 arg1 expression 987:996 swo gene expression 978:996 swo gene expression 978:996 Initially, transcriptome and secretome data were used to compare swo gene expression and the amount of secreted ThSwo. 28511724 0 83 from harzianum 55:63 arg1 Production 0:9 Production 0:9 Production of a recombinant swollenin from Trichoderma harzianum in Escherichia coli 0:83 Production of a recombinant swollenin from Trichoderma harzianum in Escherichia coli and its potential synergistic role in biomass degradation. 28511724 0 83 from harzianum 55:63 arg1 swollenin 28:36 a recombinant swollenin 14:36 a recombinant swollenin from Trichoderma harzianum in Escherichia coli 14:83 Production of a recombinant swollenin from Trichoderma harzianum in Escherichia coli and its potential synergistic role in biomass degradation. 28511724 0 83 from harzianum 55:63 arg1 role 115:118 its potential synergistic role 89:118 its potential synergistic role in biomass degradation 89:141 Production of a recombinant swollenin from Trichoderma harzianum in Escherichia coli and its potential synergistic role in biomass degradation. 28511724 7 84 theme plant 1180:1184 arg1 expansins 1186:1194 the plant expansins 1176:1194 the plant expansins 1176:1194 The results from structural modeling and phylogenetic analysis of the ThSwo protein showed that ThSwo does preserve some structural features of the plant expansins and family-45 glycosyl hydrolase enzymes, but it evolutionarily diverges from both of these protein classes. 28511724 5 85 from harzianum 830:838 arg1 characterization 786:801 the initial characterization 774:801 the initial characterization of an SWO from Trichoderma harzianum (ThSwo) that was successfully produced using Escherichia coli as a host 774:910 RESULTS Here, we report the initial characterization of an SWO from Trichoderma harzianum (ThSwo) that was successfully produced using Escherichia coli as a host. 28511724 5 85 from harzianum 830:838 arg1 SWO 809:811 an SWO 806:811 an SWO from Trichoderma harzianum (ThSwo) that was successfully produced using Escherichia coli as a host 806:910 RESULTS Here, we report the initial characterization of an SWO from Trichoderma harzianum (ThSwo) that was successfully produced using Escherichia coli as a host. 28511724 12 86 from use 2082:2084 arg1 biotechnology 2089:2101 biotechnology 2089:2101 biotechnology 2089:2101 Our work paves the way for further studies evaluating the structure and function of this protein, especially regarding its use in biotechnology. 28511724 5 87 theme SWO 809:811 arg1 characterization 786:801 the initial characterization 774:801 the initial characterization of an SWO from Trichoderma harzianum (ThSwo) that was successfully produced using Escherichia coli as a host 774:910 RESULTS Here, we report the initial characterization of an SWO from Trichoderma harzianum (ThSwo) that was successfully produced using Escherichia coli as a host. 28511724 4 88 theme biofuels 740:747 arg1 production 726:735 the production 722:735 the production of biofuels 722:747 Thus, SWOs are promising targets for improving the hydrolysis of plant biomass and for use as an additive to enhance the efficiency of an enzyme cocktail designed for the production of biofuels. 28511724 0 89 from coli 80:83 arg1 Production 0:9 Production 0:9 Production of a recombinant swollenin from Trichoderma harzianum in Escherichia coli 0:83 Production of a recombinant swollenin from Trichoderma harzianum in Escherichia coli and its potential synergistic role in biomass degradation. 28511724 0 89 from coli 80:83 arg1 role 115:118 its potential synergistic role 89:118 its potential synergistic role in biomass degradation 89:141 Production of a recombinant swollenin from Trichoderma harzianum in Escherichia coli and its potential synergistic role in biomass degradation. 28511724 7 90 theme structural 1153:1162 arg1 features 1164:1171 some structural features 1148:1171 some structural features of the plant expansins and family-45 glycosyl hydrolase enzymes 1148:1235 The results from structural modeling and phylogenetic analysis of the ThSwo protein showed that ThSwo does preserve some structural features of the plant expansins and family-45 glycosyl hydrolase enzymes, but it evolutionarily diverges from both of these protein classes. 28511724 3 91 theme enzymes 488:494 arg1 efficiency 464:473 efficiency 464:473 efficiency 464:473 Consequently, SWOs can increase the accessibility and efficiency of the other enzymes involved in the saccharification of cellulosic substrates. 28511724 3 91 theme enzymes 488:494 arg1 accessibility 446:458 accessibility 446:458 accessibility 446:458 Consequently, SWOs can increase the accessibility and efficiency of the other enzymes involved in the saccharification of cellulosic substrates. 28511724 5 92 theme initial 778:784 arg1 characterization 786:801 the initial characterization 774:801 the initial characterization of an SWO from Trichoderma harzianum (ThSwo) that was successfully produced using Escherichia coli as a host 774:910 RESULTS Here, we report the initial characterization of an SWO from Trichoderma harzianum (ThSwo) that was successfully produced using Escherichia coli as a host. 28511724 9 93 theme synergistic 1575:1585 arg1 effect 1587:1592 a high synergistic effect 1568:1592 a high synergistic effect 1568:1592 Bioactivity assays revealed that the purified recombinant ThSwo created a rough and amorphous surface on Avicel and displayed a high synergistic effect with a commercial xylanase from T. viride, enhancing its hydrolytic performance up to 147 ± 7%. 28511724 7 94 theme protein 1288:1294 arg1 classes 1296:1302 these protein classes 1282:1302 these protein classes 1282:1302 The results from structural modeling and phylogenetic analysis of the ThSwo protein showed that ThSwo does preserve some structural features of the plant expansins and family-45 glycosyl hydrolase enzymes, but it evolutionarily diverges from both of these protein classes. 28511724 0 95 theme synergistic 103:113 arg1 role 115:118 its potential synergistic role 89:118 its potential synergistic role in biomass degradation 89:141 Production of a recombinant swollenin from Trichoderma harzianum in Escherichia coli and its potential synergistic role in biomass degradation. 28511724 11 96 theme recombinant 1823:1833 arg1 SWO 1843:1845 a recombinant, active SWO 1821:1845 a recombinant, active SWO 1821:1845 In the present study, we produced a recombinant, active SWO from T. harzianum using a prokaryotic host and confirmed its potential synergistic role in biomass degradation. 28511724 9 97 theme commercial 1601:1610 arg1 xylanase 1612:1619 a commercial xylanase 1599:1619 a commercial xylanase from T. viride 1599:1634 Bioactivity assays revealed that the purified recombinant ThSwo created a rough and amorphous surface on Avicel and displayed a high synergistic effect with a commercial xylanase from T. viride, enhancing its hydrolytic performance up to 147 ± 7%. 28511724 2 98 theme structure 373:381 arg1 deagglomeration 344:358 the deagglomeration 340:358 the deagglomeration of cellulose structure 340:381 Expansins and expansin-related proteins are well known for acting in the deagglomeration of cellulose structure by loosening macrofibrils. 28637806 7 0 theme TA 1444:1445 arg1 15C 1458:1460 (TA)7 serotype 15C 1443:1460 (TA)7 serotype 15C 1443:1460 To eliminate the impact of genetic background, we created isogenic serotype 15B, (TA)7 serotype 15C, and 15BΔwciZ (15X) strains and found that reduction or absence of WciZ-mediated O-acetylation did not affect capsular shielding from phagocytes, biofilm formation, adhesion to nasopharyngeal cells, desiccation tolerance, or murine colonization. 28637806 2 1 contain has 454:456 arg1 modification 424:435 a subtle capsular modification 406:435 a subtle capsular modification that nonetheless has a large impact on capsular shielding and recognition of the capsule by vaccine-elicited antibodies 406:555 In contrast to large variations in sugar composition and linkage formation, O-acetylation is a subtle capsular modification that nonetheless has a large impact on capsular shielding and recognition of the capsule by vaccine-elicited antibodies. 28637806 2 1 contain has 454:456 arg1 O-acetylation 389:401 O-acetylation 389:401 O-acetylation 389:401 In contrast to large variations in sugar composition and linkage formation, O-acetylation is a subtle capsular modification that nonetheless has a large impact on capsular shielding and recognition of the capsule by vaccine-elicited antibodies. 28637806 2 1 contain has 454:456 arg2 impact 466:471 a large impact 458:471 a large impact on capsular shielding and recognition of the capsule by vaccine-elicited antibodies 458:555 In contrast to large variations in sugar composition and linkage formation, O-acetylation is a subtle capsular modification that nonetheless has a large impact on capsular shielding and recognition of the capsule by vaccine-elicited antibodies. 28637806 1 2 theme capsular 269:276 arg1 polysaccharides 278:292 capsular polysaccharides 269:292 capsular polysaccharides 269:292 As a species, Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) utilizes a diverse array of capsular polysaccharides to evade the host. 28637806 2 3 from variations 334:343 arg1 composition 354:364 sugar composition 348:364 sugar composition 348:364 In contrast to large variations in sugar composition and linkage formation, O-acetylation is a subtle capsular modification that nonetheless has a large impact on capsular shielding and recognition of the capsule by vaccine-elicited antibodies. 28637806 2 3 from variations 334:343 arg1 formation 378:386 linkage formation 370:386 linkage formation 370:386 In contrast to large variations in sugar composition and linkage formation, O-acetylation is a subtle capsular modification that nonetheless has a large impact on capsular shielding and recognition of the capsule by vaccine-elicited antibodies. 28637806 7 4 theme background 1397:1406 arg1 impact 1379:1384 the impact 1375:1384 the impact of genetic background 1375:1406 To eliminate the impact of genetic background, we created isogenic serotype 15B, (TA)7 serotype 15C, and 15BΔwciZ (15X) strains and found that reduction or absence of WciZ-mediated O-acetylation did not affect capsular shielding from phagocytes, biofilm formation, adhesion to nasopharyngeal cells, desiccation tolerance, or murine colonization. 28637806 3 5 theme TA 758:759 arg1 8 774:774 8 774:774 8 774:774 Serotype 15B, which is included in the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23), carries the putative O-acetyltransferase gene wciZ The coding sequence of wciZ contains eight consecutive TA repeats [(TA)8]. 28637806 3 5 theme TA 758:759 arg1 repeats 761:767 eight consecutive TA repeats 740:767 eight consecutive TA repeats [(TA)8] 740:775 Serotype 15B, which is included in the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23), carries the putative O-acetyltransferase gene wciZ The coding sequence of wciZ contains eight consecutive TA repeats [(TA)8]. 28637806 6 6 theme TA 1267:1268 arg1 15C 1281:1283 (TA)7 serotype 15C 1266:1283 (TA)7 serotype 15C 1266:1283 We confirmed by inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that (TA)7 serotype 15C is ∼0.1% as acetylated as serotype 15B, while serotype 15X is nonacetylated. 28637806 7 7 theme serotype 1429:1436 arg1 15B 1438:1440 serotype 15B 1429:1440 serotype 15B 1429:1440 To eliminate the impact of genetic background, we created isogenic serotype 15B, (TA)7 serotype 15C, and 15BΔwciZ (15X) strains and found that reduction or absence of WciZ-mediated O-acetylation did not affect capsular shielding from phagocytes, biofilm formation, adhesion to nasopharyngeal cells, desiccation tolerance, or murine colonization. 28637806 8 8 dep better 1797:1802 arg1 Sera 1708:1711 Sera 1708:1711 Sera from PPV23-immunized persons opsonized serotype 15B 1708:1763 Sera from PPV23-immunized persons opsonized serotype 15B significantly but only slightly better than serotypes 15C and 15X; thus, PPV23 may not result in expansion of serotype 15C. 28637806 4 9 theme TA 847:848 arg1 repeats 850:856 TA repeats 847:856 TA repeats 847:856 Replication slippage is thought to result in the addition or loss of TA repeats, subsequently causing frameshift and truncation of WciZ to yield a nonacetylated serotype, 15C. 28637806 6 10 theme immunosorbent 1241:1253 arg1 assay 1255:1259 inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 1216:1259 inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 1216:1259 We confirmed by inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that (TA)7 serotype 15C is ∼0.1% as acetylated as serotype 15B, while serotype 15X is nonacetylated. 28637806 6 11 dep % 1292:1292 arg1 acetylated 1297:1306 acetylated 1297:1306 acetylated as serotype 15B 1297:1322 We confirmed by inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that (TA)7 serotype 15C is ∼0.1% as acetylated as serotype 15B, while serotype 15X is nonacetylated. 28637806 7 12 theme capsular 1572:1579 arg1 shielding 1581:1589 capsular shielding 1572:1589 capsular shielding from phagocytes 1572:1605 To eliminate the impact of genetic background, we created isogenic serotype 15B, (TA)7 serotype 15C, and 15BΔwciZ (15X) strains and found that reduction or absence of WciZ-mediated O-acetylation did not affect capsular shielding from phagocytes, biofilm formation, adhesion to nasopharyngeal cells, desiccation tolerance, or murine colonization. 28637806 6 13 link enzyme-linked 1227:1239 arg1 assay 1255:1259 inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 1216:1259 inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 1216:1259 We confirmed by inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that (TA)7 serotype 15C is ∼0.1% as acetylated as serotype 15B, while serotype 15X is nonacetylated. 28637806 0 14 theme Polysaccharide 121:134 arg1 Antibodies 171:180 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine-Elicited Anti-Serotype 15B Antibodies 98:180 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine-Elicited Anti-Serotype 15B Antibodies 98:180 The Pneumococcal Serotype 15C Capsule Is Partially O-Acetylated and Allows for Limited Evasion of 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine-Elicited Anti-Serotype 15B Antibodies. 28637806 6 15 theme enzyme-linked 1227:1239 arg1 assay 1255:1259 inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 1216:1259 inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 1216:1259 We confirmed by inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that (TA)7 serotype 15C is ∼0.1% as acetylated as serotype 15B, while serotype 15X is nonacetylated. 28637806 0 16 theme Anti-Serotype 153:165 arg1 Antibodies 171:180 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine-Elicited Anti-Serotype 15B Antibodies 98:180 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine-Elicited Anti-Serotype 15B Antibodies 98:180 The Pneumococcal Serotype 15C Capsule Is Partially O-Acetylated and Allows for Limited Evasion of 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine-Elicited Anti-Serotype 15B Antibodies. 28637806 5 17 theme TA 1058:1059 arg1 repeats 1061:1067 seven or nine TA repeats 1044:1067 seven or nine TA repeats 1044:1067 Using sensitive serological tools, we show that serotype 15C isolates whose wciZ contains seven or nine TA repeats retain partial O-acetylation, while serotype 15C isolates whose wciZ contains six TA repeats have barely detectable O-acetylation. 28637806 7 18 theme O-acetylation 1543:1555 arg1 absence 1518:1524 absence 1518:1524 absence 1518:1524 To eliminate the impact of genetic background, we created isogenic serotype 15B, (TA)7 serotype 15C, and 15BΔwciZ (15X) strains and found that reduction or absence of WciZ-mediated O-acetylation did not affect capsular shielding from phagocytes, biofilm formation, adhesion to nasopharyngeal cells, desiccation tolerance, or murine colonization. 28637806 7 18 theme O-acetylation 1543:1555 arg1 reduction 1505:1513 reduction 1505:1513 reduction 1505:1513 To eliminate the impact of genetic background, we created isogenic serotype 15B, (TA)7 serotype 15C, and 15BΔwciZ (15X) strains and found that reduction or absence of WciZ-mediated O-acetylation did not affect capsular shielding from phagocytes, biofilm formation, adhesion to nasopharyngeal cells, desiccation tolerance, or murine colonization. 28637806 7 19 from phagocytes 1596:1605 arg1 formation 1616:1624 biofilm formation 1608:1624 biofilm formation 1608:1624 To eliminate the impact of genetic background, we created isogenic serotype 15B, (TA)7 serotype 15C, and 15BΔwciZ (15X) strains and found that reduction or absence of WciZ-mediated O-acetylation did not affect capsular shielding from phagocytes, biofilm formation, adhesion to nasopharyngeal cells, desiccation tolerance, or murine colonization. 28637806 7 19 from phagocytes 1596:1605 arg1 shielding 1581:1589 capsular shielding 1572:1589 capsular shielding from phagocytes 1572:1605 To eliminate the impact of genetic background, we created isogenic serotype 15B, (TA)7 serotype 15C, and 15BΔwciZ (15X) strains and found that reduction or absence of WciZ-mediated O-acetylation did not affect capsular shielding from phagocytes, biofilm formation, adhesion to nasopharyngeal cells, desiccation tolerance, or murine colonization. 28637806 7 19 from phagocytes 1596:1605 arg1 adhesion 1627:1634 adhesion 1627:1634 adhesion to nasopharyngeal cells 1627:1658 To eliminate the impact of genetic background, we created isogenic serotype 15B, (TA)7 serotype 15C, and 15BΔwciZ (15X) strains and found that reduction or absence of WciZ-mediated O-acetylation did not affect capsular shielding from phagocytes, biofilm formation, adhesion to nasopharyngeal cells, desiccation tolerance, or murine colonization. 28637806 7 19 from phagocytes 1596:1605 arg1 colonization 1694:1705 murine colonization 1687:1705 murine colonization 1687:1705 To eliminate the impact of genetic background, we created isogenic serotype 15B, (TA)7 serotype 15C, and 15BΔwciZ (15X) strains and found that reduction or absence of WciZ-mediated O-acetylation did not affect capsular shielding from phagocytes, biofilm formation, adhesion to nasopharyngeal cells, desiccation tolerance, or murine colonization. 28637806 7 19 from phagocytes 1596:1605 arg1 tolerance 1673:1681 desiccation tolerance 1661:1681 desiccation tolerance 1661:1681 To eliminate the impact of genetic background, we created isogenic serotype 15B, (TA)7 serotype 15C, and 15BΔwciZ (15X) strains and found that reduction or absence of WciZ-mediated O-acetylation did not affect capsular shielding from phagocytes, biofilm formation, adhesion to nasopharyngeal cells, desiccation tolerance, or murine colonization. 28637806 0 20 theme Antibodies 171:180 arg1 Evasion 87:93 Limited Evasion 79:93 Limited Evasion of 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine-Elicited Anti-Serotype 15B Antibodies 79:180 The Pneumococcal Serotype 15C Capsule Is Partially O-Acetylated and Allows for Limited Evasion of 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine-Elicited Anti-Serotype 15B Antibodies. 28637806 3 21 theme pneumococcal 607:618 arg1 PPV23 644:648 PPV23 644:648 PPV23 644:648 Serotype 15B, which is included in the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23), carries the putative O-acetyltransferase gene wciZ The coding sequence of wciZ contains eight consecutive TA repeats [(TA)8]. 28637806 3 21 theme pneumococcal 607:618 arg1 vaccine 635:641 the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine 593:641 the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) 593:649 Serotype 15B, which is included in the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23), carries the putative O-acetyltransferase gene wciZ The coding sequence of wciZ contains eight consecutive TA repeats [(TA)8]. 28637806 8 22 theme serotype 1875:1882 arg1 expansion 1862:1870 expansion 1862:1870 expansion of serotype 15C 1862:1886 Sera from PPV23-immunized persons opsonized serotype 15B significantly but only slightly better than serotypes 15C and 15X; thus, PPV23 may not result in expansion of serotype 15C. 28637806 8 23 theme PPV23-immunized 1718:1732 arg1 persons 1734:1740 PPV23-immunized persons opsonized serotype 15B 1718:1763 PPV23-immunized persons opsonized serotype 15B 1718:1763 Sera from PPV23-immunized persons opsonized serotype 15B significantly but only slightly better than serotypes 15C and 15X; thus, PPV23 may not result in expansion of serotype 15C. 28637806 7 24 theme desiccation 1661:1671 arg1 tolerance 1673:1681 desiccation tolerance 1661:1681 desiccation tolerance 1661:1681 To eliminate the impact of genetic background, we created isogenic serotype 15B, (TA)7 serotype 15C, and 15BΔwciZ (15X) strains and found that reduction or absence of WciZ-mediated O-acetylation did not affect capsular shielding from phagocytes, biofilm formation, adhesion to nasopharyngeal cells, desiccation tolerance, or murine colonization. 28637806 2 25 theme capsule 518:524 arg1 recognition 499:509 recognition 499:509 recognition of the capsule by vaccine-elicited antibodies 499:555 In contrast to large variations in sugar composition and linkage formation, O-acetylation is a subtle capsular modification that nonetheless has a large impact on capsular shielding and recognition of the capsule by vaccine-elicited antibodies. 28637806 2 25 theme capsule 518:524 arg1 shielding 485:493 capsular shielding 476:493 capsular shielding 476:493 In contrast to large variations in sugar composition and linkage formation, O-acetylation is a subtle capsular modification that nonetheless has a large impact on capsular shielding and recognition of the capsule by vaccine-elicited antibodies. 28637806 8 26 theme opsonized 1742:1750 arg1 15B 1761:1763 opsonized serotype 15B 1742:1763 PPV23-immunized persons opsonized serotype 15B 1718:1763 Sera from PPV23-immunized persons opsonized serotype 15B significantly but only slightly better than serotypes 15C and 15X; thus, PPV23 may not result in expansion of serotype 15C. 28637806 3 27 contain contains 731:738 arg2 repeats 761:767 eight consecutive TA repeats 740:767 eight consecutive TA repeats [(TA)8] 740:775 Serotype 15B, which is included in the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23), carries the putative O-acetyltransferase gene wciZ The coding sequence of wciZ contains eight consecutive TA repeats [(TA)8]. 28637806 3 27 contain contains 731:738 arg1 sequence 714:721 The coding sequence 703:721 The coding sequence of wciZ 703:729 Serotype 15B, which is included in the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23), carries the putative O-acetyltransferase gene wciZ The coding sequence of wciZ contains eight consecutive TA repeats [(TA)8]. 28637806 3 27 contain contains 731:738 arg2 8 774:774 8 774:774 8 774:774 Serotype 15B, which is included in the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23), carries the putative O-acetyltransferase gene wciZ The coding sequence of wciZ contains eight consecutive TA repeats [(TA)8]. 28637806 5 28 theme 15C 1114:1116 arg1 isolates 1118:1125 serotype 15C isolates 1105:1125 serotype 15C isolates whose wciZ contains six TA repeats 1105:1160 Using sensitive serological tools, we show that serotype 15C isolates whose wciZ contains seven or nine TA repeats retain partial O-acetylation, while serotype 15C isolates whose wciZ contains six TA repeats have barely detectable O-acetylation. 28637806 2 29 theme vaccine-elicited 529:544 arg1 antibodies 546:555 vaccine-elicited antibodies 529:555 vaccine-elicited antibodies 529:555 In contrast to large variations in sugar composition and linkage formation, O-acetylation is a subtle capsular modification that nonetheless has a large impact on capsular shielding and recognition of the capsule by vaccine-elicited antibodies. 28637806 4 30 theme Replication 778:788 arg1 slippage 790:797 Replication slippage 778:797 Replication slippage 778:797 Replication slippage is thought to result in the addition or loss of TA repeats, subsequently causing frameshift and truncation of WciZ to yield a nonacetylated serotype, 15C. 28637806 2 31 theme subtle 408:413 arg1 modification 424:435 a subtle capsular modification 406:435 a subtle capsular modification that nonetheless has a large impact on capsular shielding and recognition of the capsule by vaccine-elicited antibodies 406:555 In contrast to large variations in sugar composition and linkage formation, O-acetylation is a subtle capsular modification that nonetheless has a large impact on capsular shielding and recognition of the capsule by vaccine-elicited antibodies. 28637806 2 31 theme subtle 408:413 arg1 O-acetylation 389:401 O-acetylation 389:401 O-acetylation 389:401 In contrast to large variations in sugar composition and linkage formation, O-acetylation is a subtle capsular modification that nonetheless has a large impact on capsular shielding and recognition of the capsule by vaccine-elicited antibodies. 28637806 0 32 theme 23-Valent 98:106 arg1 Antibodies 171:180 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine-Elicited Anti-Serotype 15B Antibodies 98:180 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine-Elicited Anti-Serotype 15B Antibodies 98:180 The Pneumococcal Serotype 15C Capsule Is Partially O-Acetylated and Allows for Limited Evasion of 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine-Elicited Anti-Serotype 15B Antibodies. 28637806 5 33 theme serological 970:980 arg1 tools 982:986 sensitive serological tools 960:986 sensitive serological tools 960:986 Using sensitive serological tools, we show that serotype 15C isolates whose wciZ contains seven or nine TA repeats retain partial O-acetylation, while serotype 15C isolates whose wciZ contains six TA repeats have barely detectable O-acetylation. 28637806 7 34 theme biofilm 1608:1614 arg1 formation 1616:1624 biofilm formation 1608:1624 biofilm formation 1608:1624 To eliminate the impact of genetic background, we created isogenic serotype 15B, (TA)7 serotype 15C, and 15BΔwciZ (15X) strains and found that reduction or absence of WciZ-mediated O-acetylation did not affect capsular shielding from phagocytes, biofilm formation, adhesion to nasopharyngeal cells, desiccation tolerance, or murine colonization. 28637806 5 35 theme TA 1151:1152 arg1 repeats 1154:1160 six TA repeats 1147:1160 six TA repeats 1147:1160 Using sensitive serological tools, we show that serotype 15C isolates whose wciZ contains seven or nine TA repeats retain partial O-acetylation, while serotype 15C isolates whose wciZ contains six TA repeats have barely detectable O-acetylation. 28637806 0 36 theme Serotype 17:24 arg1 Capsule 30:36 The Pneumococcal Serotype 15C Capsule 0:36 The Pneumococcal Serotype 15C Capsule 0:36 The Pneumococcal Serotype 15C Capsule Is Partially O-Acetylated and Allows for Limited Evasion of 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine-Elicited Anti-Serotype 15B Antibodies. 28637806 0 36 theme Serotype 17:24 arg1 O-Acetylated 51:62 O-Acetylated 51:62 O-Acetylated 51:62 The Pneumococcal Serotype 15C Capsule Is Partially O-Acetylated and Allows for Limited Evasion of 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine-Elicited Anti-Serotype 15B Antibodies. 28637806 7 37 theme 15BΔwciZ 1467:1474 arg1 strains 1482:1488 isogenic serotype 15B, (TA)7 serotype 15C, and 15BΔwciZ (15X) strains 1420:1488 isogenic serotype 15B, (TA)7 serotype 15C, and 15BΔwciZ (15X) strains 1420:1488 To eliminate the impact of genetic background, we created isogenic serotype 15B, (TA)7 serotype 15C, and 15BΔwciZ (15X) strains and found that reduction or absence of WciZ-mediated O-acetylation did not affect capsular shielding from phagocytes, biofilm formation, adhesion to nasopharyngeal cells, desiccation tolerance, or murine colonization. 28637806 3 38 theme O-acetyltransferase 673:691 arg1 gene 693:696 the putative O-acetyltransferase gene 660:696 the putative O-acetyltransferase gene 660:696 Serotype 15B, which is included in the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23), carries the putative O-acetyltransferase gene wciZ The coding sequence of wciZ contains eight consecutive TA repeats [(TA)8]. 28637806 5 39 theme serotype 1002:1009 arg1 isolates 1015:1022 serotype 15C isolates 1002:1022 serotype 15C isolates whose wciZ contains seven or nine TA repeats 1002:1067 Using sensitive serological tools, we show that serotype 15C isolates whose wciZ contains seven or nine TA repeats retain partial O-acetylation, while serotype 15C isolates whose wciZ contains six TA repeats have barely detectable O-acetylation. 28637806 2 40 theme capsular 476:483 arg1 shielding 485:493 capsular shielding 476:493 capsular shielding 476:493 In contrast to large variations in sugar composition and linkage formation, O-acetylation is a subtle capsular modification that nonetheless has a large impact on capsular shielding and recognition of the capsule by vaccine-elicited antibodies. 28637806 7 41 theme serotype 1449:1456 arg1 15C 1458:1460 (TA)7 serotype 15C 1443:1460 (TA)7 serotype 15C 1443:1460 To eliminate the impact of genetic background, we created isogenic serotype 15B, (TA)7 serotype 15C, and 15BΔwciZ (15X) strains and found that reduction or absence of WciZ-mediated O-acetylation did not affect capsular shielding from phagocytes, biofilm formation, adhesion to nasopharyngeal cells, desiccation tolerance, or murine colonization. 28637806 3 42 theme coding 707:712 arg1 sequence 714:721 The coding sequence 703:721 The coding sequence of wciZ 703:729 Serotype 15B, which is included in the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23), carries the putative O-acetyltransferase gene wciZ The coding sequence of wciZ contains eight consecutive TA repeats [(TA)8]. 28637806 2 43 from modification 424:435 arg1 contrast 316:323 contrast 316:323 contrast to large variations in sugar composition and linkage formation 316:386 In contrast to large variations in sugar composition and linkage formation, O-acetylation is a subtle capsular modification that nonetheless has a large impact on capsular shielding and recognition of the capsule by vaccine-elicited antibodies. 28637806 1 44 theme diverse 252:258 arg1 species 188:194 a species 186:194 a species 186:194 As a species, Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) utilizes a diverse array of capsular polysaccharides to evade the host. 28637806 1 44 theme diverse 252:258 arg1 array 260:264 a diverse array 250:264 a diverse array of capsular polysaccharides 250:292 As a species, Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) utilizes a diverse array of capsular polysaccharides to evade the host. 28637806 6 45 theme serotype 1272:1279 arg1 15C 1281:1283 (TA)7 serotype 15C 1266:1283 (TA)7 serotype 15C 1266:1283 We confirmed by inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that (TA)7 serotype 15C is ∼0.1% as acetylated as serotype 15B, while serotype 15X is nonacetylated. 28637806 2 46 theme linkage 370:376 arg1 formation 378:386 linkage formation 370:386 linkage formation 370:386 In contrast to large variations in sugar composition and linkage formation, O-acetylation is a subtle capsular modification that nonetheless has a large impact on capsular shielding and recognition of the capsule by vaccine-elicited antibodies. 28637806 5 47 theme detectable 1174:1183 arg1 O-acetylation 1185:1197 barely detectable O-acetylation 1167:1197 barely detectable O-acetylation 1167:1197 Using sensitive serological tools, we show that serotype 15C isolates whose wciZ contains seven or nine TA repeats retain partial O-acetylation, while serotype 15C isolates whose wciZ contains six TA repeats have barely detectable O-acetylation. 28637806 7 48 theme 15B 1438:1440 arg1 strains 1482:1488 isogenic serotype 15B, (TA)7 serotype 15C, and 15BΔwciZ (15X) strains 1420:1488 isogenic serotype 15B, (TA)7 serotype 15C, and 15BΔwciZ (15X) strains 1420:1488 To eliminate the impact of genetic background, we created isogenic serotype 15B, (TA)7 serotype 15C, and 15BΔwciZ (15X) strains and found that reduction or absence of WciZ-mediated O-acetylation did not affect capsular shielding from phagocytes, biofilm formation, adhesion to nasopharyngeal cells, desiccation tolerance, or murine colonization. 28637806 4 49 theme repeats 850:856 arg1 loss 839:842 loss 839:842 loss of TA repeats 839:856 Replication slippage is thought to result in the addition or loss of TA repeats, subsequently causing frameshift and truncation of WciZ to yield a nonacetylated serotype, 15C. 28637806 4 49 theme repeats 850:856 arg1 addition 827:834 the addition 823:834 the addition 823:834 Replication slippage is thought to result in the addition or loss of TA repeats, subsequently causing frameshift and truncation of WciZ to yield a nonacetylated serotype, 15C. 28637806 1 50 theme polysaccharides 278:292 arg1 species 188:194 a species 186:194 a species 186:194 As a species, Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) utilizes a diverse array of capsular polysaccharides to evade the host. 28637806 1 50 theme polysaccharides 278:292 arg1 array 260:264 a diverse array 250:264 a diverse array of capsular polysaccharides 250:292 As a species, Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) utilizes a diverse array of capsular polysaccharides to evade the host. 28637806 7 51 theme isogenic 1420:1427 arg1 strains 1482:1488 isogenic serotype 15B, (TA)7 serotype 15C, and 15BΔwciZ (15X) strains 1420:1488 isogenic serotype 15B, (TA)7 serotype 15C, and 15BΔwciZ (15X) strains 1420:1488 To eliminate the impact of genetic background, we created isogenic serotype 15B, (TA)7 serotype 15C, and 15BΔwciZ (15X) strains and found that reduction or absence of WciZ-mediated O-acetylation did not affect capsular shielding from phagocytes, biofilm formation, adhesion to nasopharyngeal cells, desiccation tolerance, or murine colonization. 28637806 3 52 theme Serotype 558:565 arg1 15B 567:569 Serotype 15B 558:569 Serotype 15B 558:569 Serotype 15B, which is included in the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23), carries the putative O-acetyltransferase gene wciZ The coding sequence of wciZ contains eight consecutive TA repeats [(TA)8]. 28637806 7 53 theme genetic 1389:1395 arg1 background 1397:1406 genetic background 1389:1406 genetic background 1389:1406 To eliminate the impact of genetic background, we created isogenic serotype 15B, (TA)7 serotype 15C, and 15BΔwciZ (15X) strains and found that reduction or absence of WciZ-mediated O-acetylation did not affect capsular shielding from phagocytes, biofilm formation, adhesion to nasopharyngeal cells, desiccation tolerance, or murine colonization. 28637806 3 54 theme consecutive 746:756 arg1 8 774:774 8 774:774 8 774:774 Serotype 15B, which is included in the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23), carries the putative O-acetyltransferase gene wciZ The coding sequence of wciZ contains eight consecutive TA repeats [(TA)8]. 28637806 3 54 theme consecutive 746:756 arg1 repeats 761:767 eight consecutive TA repeats 740:767 eight consecutive TA repeats [(TA)8] 740:775 Serotype 15B, which is included in the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23), carries the putative O-acetyltransferase gene wciZ The coding sequence of wciZ contains eight consecutive TA repeats [(TA)8]. 28637806 2 55 theme large 328:332 arg1 variations 334:343 large variations 328:343 large variations in sugar composition and linkage formation 328:386 In contrast to large variations in sugar composition and linkage formation, O-acetylation is a subtle capsular modification that nonetheless has a large impact on capsular shielding and recognition of the capsule by vaccine-elicited antibodies. 28637806 1 56 theme Streptococcus 197:209 arg1 pneumoniae 211:220 Streptococcus pneumoniae 197:220 Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) 197:239 As a species, Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) utilizes a diverse array of capsular polysaccharides to evade the host. 28637806 1 56 theme Streptococcus 197:209 arg1 pneumococcus 227:238 the pneumococcus 223:238 the pneumococcus 223:238 As a species, Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) utilizes a diverse array of capsular polysaccharides to evade the host. 28637806 7 57 theme murine 1687:1692 arg1 colonization 1694:1705 murine colonization 1687:1705 murine colonization 1687:1705 To eliminate the impact of genetic background, we created isogenic serotype 15B, (TA)7 serotype 15C, and 15BΔwciZ (15X) strains and found that reduction or absence of WciZ-mediated O-acetylation did not affect capsular shielding from phagocytes, biofilm formation, adhesion to nasopharyngeal cells, desiccation tolerance, or murine colonization. 28637806 6 58 theme serotype 1311:1318 arg1 15B 1320:1322 serotype 15B 1311:1322 serotype 15B 1311:1322 We confirmed by inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that (TA)7 serotype 15C is ∼0.1% as acetylated as serotype 15B, while serotype 15X is nonacetylated. 28637806 4 59 theme WciZ 909:912 arg1 truncation 895:904 truncation 895:904 truncation 895:904 Replication slippage is thought to result in the addition or loss of TA repeats, subsequently causing frameshift and truncation of WciZ to yield a nonacetylated serotype, 15C. 28637806 4 59 theme WciZ 909:912 arg1 frameshift 880:889 frameshift 880:889 frameshift 880:889 Replication slippage is thought to result in the addition or loss of TA repeats, subsequently causing frameshift and truncation of WciZ to yield a nonacetylated serotype, 15C. 28637806 3 60 contain carries 652:658 arg1 15B 567:569 Serotype 15B 558:569 Serotype 15B 558:569 Serotype 15B, which is included in the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23), carries the putative O-acetyltransferase gene wciZ The coding sequence of wciZ contains eight consecutive TA repeats [(TA)8]. 28637806 3 60 contain carries 652:658 arg2 gene 693:696 the putative O-acetyltransferase gene 660:696 the putative O-acetyltransferase gene 660:696 Serotype 15B, which is included in the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23), carries the putative O-acetyltransferase gene wciZ The coding sequence of wciZ contains eight consecutive TA repeats [(TA)8]. 28637806 0 61 theme 15B 167:169 arg1 Antibodies 171:180 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine-Elicited Anti-Serotype 15B Antibodies 98:180 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine-Elicited Anti-Serotype 15B Antibodies 98:180 The Pneumococcal Serotype 15C Capsule Is Partially O-Acetylated and Allows for Limited Evasion of 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine-Elicited Anti-Serotype 15B Antibodies. 28637806 3 62 theme polysaccharide 620:633 arg1 PPV23 644:648 PPV23 644:648 PPV23 644:648 Serotype 15B, which is included in the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23), carries the putative O-acetyltransferase gene wciZ The coding sequence of wciZ contains eight consecutive TA repeats [(TA)8]. 28637806 3 62 theme polysaccharide 620:633 arg1 vaccine 635:641 the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine 593:641 the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) 593:649 Serotype 15B, which is included in the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23), carries the putative O-acetyltransferase gene wciZ The coding sequence of wciZ contains eight consecutive TA repeats [(TA)8]. 28637806 7 63 theme WciZ-mediated 1529:1541 arg1 O-acetylation 1543:1555 WciZ-mediated O-acetylation 1529:1555 WciZ-mediated O-acetylation 1529:1555 To eliminate the impact of genetic background, we created isogenic serotype 15B, (TA)7 serotype 15C, and 15BΔwciZ (15X) strains and found that reduction or absence of WciZ-mediated O-acetylation did not affect capsular shielding from phagocytes, biofilm formation, adhesion to nasopharyngeal cells, desiccation tolerance, or murine colonization. 28637806 6 64 theme inhibition 1216:1225 arg1 assay 1255:1259 inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 1216:1259 inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 1216:1259 We confirmed by inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that (TA)7 serotype 15C is ∼0.1% as acetylated as serotype 15B, while serotype 15X is nonacetylated. 28637806 3 65 theme 23-valent 597:605 arg1 PPV23 644:648 PPV23 644:648 PPV23 644:648 Serotype 15B, which is included in the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23), carries the putative O-acetyltransferase gene wciZ The coding sequence of wciZ contains eight consecutive TA repeats [(TA)8]. 28637806 3 65 theme 23-valent 597:605 arg1 vaccine 635:641 the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine 593:641 the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) 593:649 Serotype 15B, which is included in the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23), carries the putative O-acetyltransferase gene wciZ The coding sequence of wciZ contains eight consecutive TA repeats [(TA)8]. 28637806 0 66 theme Vaccine-Elicited 136:151 arg1 Antibodies 171:180 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine-Elicited Anti-Serotype 15B Antibodies 98:180 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine-Elicited Anti-Serotype 15B Antibodies 98:180 The Pneumococcal Serotype 15C Capsule Is Partially O-Acetylated and Allows for Limited Evasion of 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine-Elicited Anti-Serotype 15B Antibodies. 28637806 5 67 contain contains 1138:1145 arg2 repeats 1154:1160 six TA repeats 1147:1160 six TA repeats 1147:1160 Using sensitive serological tools, we show that serotype 15C isolates whose wciZ contains seven or nine TA repeats retain partial O-acetylation, while serotype 15C isolates whose wciZ contains six TA repeats have barely detectable O-acetylation. 28637806 5 67 contain contains 1138:1145 arg1 wciZ 1133:1136 wciZ 1133:1136 wciZ 1133:1136 Using sensitive serological tools, we show that serotype 15C isolates whose wciZ contains seven or nine TA repeats retain partial O-acetylation, while serotype 15C isolates whose wciZ contains six TA repeats have barely detectable O-acetylation. 28637806 0 68 theme Limited 79:85 arg1 Evasion 87:93 Limited Evasion 79:93 Limited Evasion of 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine-Elicited Anti-Serotype 15B Antibodies 79:180 The Pneumococcal Serotype 15C Capsule Is Partially O-Acetylated and Allows for Limited Evasion of 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine-Elicited Anti-Serotype 15B Antibodies. 28637806 5 69 theme serotype 1105:1112 arg1 isolates 1118:1125 serotype 15C isolates 1105:1125 serotype 15C isolates whose wciZ contains six TA repeats 1105:1160 Using sensitive serological tools, we show that serotype 15C isolates whose wciZ contains seven or nine TA repeats retain partial O-acetylation, while serotype 15C isolates whose wciZ contains six TA repeats have barely detectable O-acetylation. 28637806 5 70 contain have 1162:1165 arg2 O-acetylation 1185:1197 barely detectable O-acetylation 1167:1197 barely detectable O-acetylation 1167:1197 Using sensitive serological tools, we show that serotype 15C isolates whose wciZ contains seven or nine TA repeats retain partial O-acetylation, while serotype 15C isolates whose wciZ contains six TA repeats have barely detectable O-acetylation. 28637806 5 70 contain have 1162:1165 arg1 isolates 1118:1125 serotype 15C isolates 1105:1125 serotype 15C isolates whose wciZ contains six TA repeats 1105:1160 Using sensitive serological tools, we show that serotype 15C isolates whose wciZ contains seven or nine TA repeats retain partial O-acetylation, while serotype 15C isolates whose wciZ contains six TA repeats have barely detectable O-acetylation. 28637806 2 71 from impact 466:471 arg1 recognition 499:509 recognition 499:509 recognition of the capsule by vaccine-elicited antibodies 499:555 In contrast to large variations in sugar composition and linkage formation, O-acetylation is a subtle capsular modification that nonetheless has a large impact on capsular shielding and recognition of the capsule by vaccine-elicited antibodies. 28637806 2 71 from impact 466:471 arg1 shielding 485:493 capsular shielding 476:493 capsular shielding 476:493 In contrast to large variations in sugar composition and linkage formation, O-acetylation is a subtle capsular modification that nonetheless has a large impact on capsular shielding and recognition of the capsule by vaccine-elicited antibodies. 28637806 6 72 theme serotype 1331:1338 arg1 15X 1340:1342 serotype 15X 1331:1342 serotype 15X 1331:1342 We confirmed by inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that (TA)7 serotype 15C is ∼0.1% as acetylated as serotype 15B, while serotype 15X is nonacetylated. 28637806 8 73 theme serotype 1752:1759 arg1 15B 1761:1763 opsonized serotype 15B 1742:1763 PPV23-immunized persons opsonized serotype 15B 1718:1763 Sera from PPV23-immunized persons opsonized serotype 15B significantly but only slightly better than serotypes 15C and 15X; thus, PPV23 may not result in expansion of serotype 15C. 28637806 7 74 theme nasopharyngeal 1639:1652 arg1 cells 1654:1658 nasopharyngeal cells 1639:1658 nasopharyngeal cells 1639:1658 To eliminate the impact of genetic background, we created isogenic serotype 15B, (TA)7 serotype 15C, and 15BΔwciZ (15X) strains and found that reduction or absence of WciZ-mediated O-acetylation did not affect capsular shielding from phagocytes, biofilm formation, adhesion to nasopharyngeal cells, desiccation tolerance, or murine colonization. 28637806 4 75 theme nonacetylated 925:937 arg1 15C 949:951 15C 949:951 15C 949:951 Replication slippage is thought to result in the addition or loss of TA repeats, subsequently causing frameshift and truncation of WciZ to yield a nonacetylated serotype, 15C. 28637806 4 75 theme nonacetylated 925:937 arg1 serotype 939:946 a nonacetylated serotype 923:946 a nonacetylated serotype 923:946 Replication slippage is thought to result in the addition or loss of TA repeats, subsequently causing frameshift and truncation of WciZ to yield a nonacetylated serotype, 15C. 28637806 0 76 theme Pneumococcal 108:119 arg1 Antibodies 171:180 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine-Elicited Anti-Serotype 15B Antibodies 98:180 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine-Elicited Anti-Serotype 15B Antibodies 98:180 The Pneumococcal Serotype 15C Capsule Is Partially O-Acetylated and Allows for Limited Evasion of 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine-Elicited Anti-Serotype 15B Antibodies. 28637806 5 77 theme partial 1076:1082 arg1 O-acetylation 1084:1096 partial O-acetylation 1076:1096 partial O-acetylation 1076:1096 Using sensitive serological tools, we show that serotype 15C isolates whose wciZ contains seven or nine TA repeats retain partial O-acetylation, while serotype 15C isolates whose wciZ contains six TA repeats have barely detectable O-acetylation. 28637806 8 78 from persons 1734:1740 arg1 Sera 1708:1711 Sera 1708:1711 Sera from PPV23-immunized persons opsonized serotype 15B 1708:1763 Sera from PPV23-immunized persons opsonized serotype 15B significantly but only slightly better than serotypes 15C and 15X; thus, PPV23 may not result in expansion of serotype 15C. 28637806 5 79 theme sensitive 960:968 arg1 tools 982:986 sensitive serological tools 960:986 sensitive serological tools 960:986 Using sensitive serological tools, we show that serotype 15C isolates whose wciZ contains seven or nine TA repeats retain partial O-acetylation, while serotype 15C isolates whose wciZ contains six TA repeats have barely detectable O-acetylation. 28637806 8 80 dep serotypes 1809:1817 arg1 serotypes 1809:1817 serotypes 15C and 15X 1809:1829 serotypes 15C and 15X 1809:1829 Sera from PPV23-immunized persons opsonized serotype 15B significantly but only slightly better than serotypes 15C and 15X; thus, PPV23 may not result in expansion of serotype 15C. 28637806 8 80 dep serotypes 1809:1817 arg1 15X 1827:1829 15X 1827:1829 15X 1827:1829 Sera from PPV23-immunized persons opsonized serotype 15B significantly but only slightly better than serotypes 15C and 15X; thus, PPV23 may not result in expansion of serotype 15C. 28637806 8 80 dep serotypes 1809:1817 arg1 15C 1819:1821 15C 1819:1821 15C 1819:1821 Sera from PPV23-immunized persons opsonized serotype 15B significantly but only slightly better than serotypes 15C and 15X; thus, PPV23 may not result in expansion of serotype 15C. 28637806 0 81 theme Pneumococcal 4:15 arg1 Capsule 30:36 The Pneumococcal Serotype 15C Capsule 0:36 The Pneumococcal Serotype 15C Capsule 0:36 The Pneumococcal Serotype 15C Capsule Is Partially O-Acetylated and Allows for Limited Evasion of 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine-Elicited Anti-Serotype 15B Antibodies. 28637806 0 81 theme Pneumococcal 4:15 arg1 O-Acetylated 51:62 O-Acetylated 51:62 O-Acetylated 51:62 The Pneumococcal Serotype 15C Capsule Is Partially O-Acetylated and Allows for Limited Evasion of 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine-Elicited Anti-Serotype 15B Antibodies. 28637806 2 82 theme large 460:464 arg1 impact 466:471 a large impact 458:471 a large impact on capsular shielding and recognition of the capsule by vaccine-elicited antibodies 458:555 In contrast to large variations in sugar composition and linkage formation, O-acetylation is a subtle capsular modification that nonetheless has a large impact on capsular shielding and recognition of the capsule by vaccine-elicited antibodies. 28637806 0 83 theme 15C 26:28 arg1 Capsule 30:36 The Pneumococcal Serotype 15C Capsule 0:36 The Pneumococcal Serotype 15C Capsule 0:36 The Pneumococcal Serotype 15C Capsule Is Partially O-Acetylated and Allows for Limited Evasion of 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine-Elicited Anti-Serotype 15B Antibodies. 28637806 0 83 theme 15C 26:28 arg1 O-Acetylated 51:62 O-Acetylated 51:62 O-Acetylated 51:62 The Pneumococcal Serotype 15C Capsule Is Partially O-Acetylated and Allows for Limited Evasion of 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine-Elicited Anti-Serotype 15B Antibodies. 28637806 3 84 theme putative 664:671 arg1 gene 693:696 the putative O-acetyltransferase gene 660:696 the putative O-acetyltransferase gene 660:696 Serotype 15B, which is included in the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23), carries the putative O-acetyltransferase gene wciZ The coding sequence of wciZ contains eight consecutive TA repeats [(TA)8]. 28637806 5 85 contain contains 1035:1042 arg2 repeats 1061:1067 seven or nine TA repeats 1044:1067 seven or nine TA repeats 1044:1067 Using sensitive serological tools, we show that serotype 15C isolates whose wciZ contains seven or nine TA repeats retain partial O-acetylation, while serotype 15C isolates whose wciZ contains six TA repeats have barely detectable O-acetylation. 28637806 5 85 contain contains 1035:1042 arg1 wciZ 1030:1033 wciZ 1030:1033 wciZ 1030:1033 Using sensitive serological tools, we show that serotype 15C isolates whose wciZ contains seven or nine TA repeats retain partial O-acetylation, while serotype 15C isolates whose wciZ contains six TA repeats have barely detectable O-acetylation. 28637806 2 86 theme capsular 415:422 arg1 modification 424:435 a subtle capsular modification 406:435 a subtle capsular modification that nonetheless has a large impact on capsular shielding and recognition of the capsule by vaccine-elicited antibodies 406:555 In contrast to large variations in sugar composition and linkage formation, O-acetylation is a subtle capsular modification that nonetheless has a large impact on capsular shielding and recognition of the capsule by vaccine-elicited antibodies. 28637806 2 86 theme capsular 415:422 arg1 O-acetylation 389:401 O-acetylation 389:401 O-acetylation 389:401 In contrast to large variations in sugar composition and linkage formation, O-acetylation is a subtle capsular modification that nonetheless has a large impact on capsular shielding and recognition of the capsule by vaccine-elicited antibodies. 28637806 5 87 theme 15C 1011:1013 arg1 isolates 1015:1022 serotype 15C isolates 1002:1022 serotype 15C isolates whose wciZ contains seven or nine TA repeats 1002:1067 Using sensitive serological tools, we show that serotype 15C isolates whose wciZ contains seven or nine TA repeats retain partial O-acetylation, while serotype 15C isolates whose wciZ contains six TA repeats have barely detectable O-acetylation. 28637806 2 88 theme sugar 348:352 arg1 composition 354:364 sugar composition 348:364 sugar composition 348:364 In contrast to large variations in sugar composition and linkage formation, O-acetylation is a subtle capsular modification that nonetheless has a large impact on capsular shielding and recognition of the capsule by vaccine-elicited antibodies. 28637806 7 89 theme 15C 1458:1460 arg1 strains 1482:1488 isogenic serotype 15B, (TA)7 serotype 15C, and 15BΔwciZ (15X) strains 1420:1488 isogenic serotype 15B, (TA)7 serotype 15C, and 15BΔwciZ (15X) strains 1420:1488 To eliminate the impact of genetic background, we created isogenic serotype 15B, (TA)7 serotype 15C, and 15BΔwciZ (15X) strains and found that reduction or absence of WciZ-mediated O-acetylation did not affect capsular shielding from phagocytes, biofilm formation, adhesion to nasopharyngeal cells, desiccation tolerance, or murine colonization. 28637806 8 90 dep persons 1734:1740 arg1 15B 1761:1763 opsonized serotype 15B 1742:1763 PPV23-immunized persons opsonized serotype 15B 1718:1763 Sera from PPV23-immunized persons opsonized serotype 15B significantly but only slightly better than serotypes 15C and 15X; thus, PPV23 may not result in expansion of serotype 15C. 28637806 3 91 theme wciZ 726:729 arg1 sequence 714:721 The coding sequence 703:721 The coding sequence of wciZ 703:729 Serotype 15B, which is included in the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23), carries the putative O-acetyltransferase gene wciZ The coding sequence of wciZ contains eight consecutive TA repeats [(TA)8]. 28522007 7 0 theme insulation 746:755 arg1 effects 757:763 thermal insulation effects 738:763 thermal insulation effects 738:763 Superior barrier properties, reinforcing and thermal insulation effects were observed in films dispersed with 20% w/w nanoparticles. 28522007 9 1 theme tensile 1042:1048 arg1 strength 1050:1057 the tensile strength 1038:1057 the tensile strength 1038:1057 The nanocomposite film water vapour permeability was at 0.75gmm-1kPa-1h-1, thermal conductivity 0.39Wm-1K-1 and the tensile strength were recorded at 3.87MPa. 28522007 1 2 theme gum 156:158 arg1 benzoate 160:167 guar gum benzoate 151:167 guar gum benzoate self assembly nanoparticles synthesis and nano composite films development with gelatin 151:255 This work relates to guar gum benzoate self assembly nanoparticles synthesis and nano composite films development with gelatin. 28522007 4 3 theme Electron 442:449 arg1 microscopy 451:460 Electron microscopy 442:460 Electron microscopy 442:460 Electron microscopy and DLS study confirmed uniform quasi spherical nanoparticles with ζ-potential - 28.7mV. 28522007 10 4 theme negative 1169:1176 arg1 bacteria 1196:1203 water born gram negative and gram positive bacteria 1153:1203 water born gram negative and gram positive bacteria 1153:1203 The final film expressed excellent antimicrobial properties against water born gram negative and gram positive bacteria. 28522007 6 5 theme film 617:620 arg1 noteworthy 681:690 noteworthy 681:690 noteworthy 681:690 The film capacity augmenting due to nanoparticles incorporation was noteworthy. 28522007 6 5 theme film 617:620 arg1 capacity 622:629 The film capacity 613:629 The film capacity augmenting due to nanoparticles incorporation 613:675 The film capacity augmenting due to nanoparticles incorporation was noteworthy. 28522007 2 6 theme Hofmeister 297:306 arg1 reaction 340:347 a Hofmeister cation guided homogeneous phase reaction 295:347 a Hofmeister cation guided homogeneous phase reaction 295:347 Guar gum benzoate was synthesized in a Hofmeister cation guided homogeneous phase reaction. 28522007 7 7 theme % 805:805 arg1 nanoparticles 811:823 20% w/w nanoparticles 803:823 20% w/w nanoparticles 803:823 Superior barrier properties, reinforcing and thermal insulation effects were observed in films dispersed with 20% w/w nanoparticles. 28522007 0 8 theme mechanical 89:98 arg1 insulation 77:86 enhanced thermal insulation 60:86 enhanced thermal insulation 60:86 Guar gum benzoate nanoparticle reinforced gelatin films for enhanced thermal insulation, mechanical and antimicrobial properties. 28522007 0 8 theme mechanical 89:98 arg1 properties 118:127 mechanical and antimicrobial properties 89:127 mechanical and antimicrobial properties 89:127 Guar gum benzoate nanoparticle reinforced gelatin films for enhanced thermal insulation, mechanical and antimicrobial properties. 28522007 9 9 theme nanocomposite 930:942 arg1 permeability 962:973 The nanocomposite film water vapour permeability 926:973 The nanocomposite film water vapour permeability 926:973 The nanocomposite film water vapour permeability was at 0.75gmm-1kPa-1h-1, thermal conductivity 0.39Wm-1K-1 and the tensile strength were recorded at 3.87MPa. 28522007 7 10 located observed 770:777 arg2 effects 757:763 thermal insulation effects 738:763 thermal insulation effects 738:763 Superior barrier properties, reinforcing and thermal insulation effects were observed in films dispersed with 20% w/w nanoparticles. 28522007 7 10 located observed 770:777 arg2 reinforcing 722:732 reinforcing 722:732 reinforcing 722:732 Superior barrier properties, reinforcing and thermal insulation effects were observed in films dispersed with 20% w/w nanoparticles. 28522007 7 10 located observed 770:777 arg1 films 782:786 films 782:786 films dispersed with 20% w/w nanoparticles 782:823 Superior barrier properties, reinforcing and thermal insulation effects were observed in films dispersed with 20% w/w nanoparticles. 28522007 7 10 located observed 770:777 arg2 properties 710:719 Superior barrier properties 693:719 Superior barrier properties 693:719 Superior barrier properties, reinforcing and thermal insulation effects were observed in films dispersed with 20% w/w nanoparticles. 28522007 5 11 theme Nanocomposite 551:563 arg1 films 565:569 Nanocomposite films 551:569 Nanocomposite films 551:569 Nanocomposite films were further developed in gelatin matrix. 28522007 7 12 theme w/w 807:809 arg1 nanoparticles 811:823 20% w/w nanoparticles 803:823 20% w/w nanoparticles 803:823 Superior barrier properties, reinforcing and thermal insulation effects were observed in films dispersed with 20% w/w nanoparticles. 28522007 3 13 theme polysaccharide 364:377 arg1 nanoparticles 379:391 Self assembly polysaccharide nanoparticles 350:391 Self assembly polysaccharide nanoparticles 350:391 Self assembly polysaccharide nanoparticles were prepared in solvent displacement technique. 28522007 9 14 theme film 944:947 arg1 permeability 962:973 The nanocomposite film water vapour permeability 926:973 The nanocomposite film water vapour permeability 926:973 The nanocomposite film water vapour permeability was at 0.75gmm-1kPa-1h-1, thermal conductivity 0.39Wm-1K-1 and the tensile strength were recorded at 3.87MPa. 28522007 1 15 theme self 169:172 arg1 assembly 174:181 self assembly 169:181 self assembly 169:181 This work relates to guar gum benzoate self assembly nanoparticles synthesis and nano composite films development with gelatin. 28522007 0 16 theme antimicrobial 104:116 arg1 insulation 77:86 enhanced thermal insulation 60:86 enhanced thermal insulation 60:86 Guar gum benzoate nanoparticle reinforced gelatin films for enhanced thermal insulation, mechanical and antimicrobial properties. 28522007 0 16 theme antimicrobial 104:116 arg1 properties 118:127 mechanical and antimicrobial properties 89:127 mechanical and antimicrobial properties 89:127 Guar gum benzoate nanoparticle reinforced gelatin films for enhanced thermal insulation, mechanical and antimicrobial properties. 28522007 7 17 theme Superior 693:700 arg1 properties 710:719 Superior barrier properties 693:719 Superior barrier properties 693:719 Superior barrier properties, reinforcing and thermal insulation effects were observed in films dispersed with 20% w/w nanoparticles. 28522007 9 18 theme water 949:953 arg1 permeability 962:973 The nanocomposite film water vapour permeability 926:973 The nanocomposite film water vapour permeability 926:973 The nanocomposite film water vapour permeability was at 0.75gmm-1kPa-1h-1, thermal conductivity 0.39Wm-1K-1 and the tensile strength were recorded at 3.87MPa. 28522007 4 19 with nanoparticles 510:522 arg1 28.7mV 543:548 28.7mV 543:548 28.7mV 543:548 Electron microscopy and DLS study confirmed uniform quasi spherical nanoparticles with ζ-potential - 28.7mV. 28522007 4 19 with nanoparticles 510:522 arg1 ζ-potential 529:539 ζ-potential 529:539 ζ-potential 529:539 Electron microscopy and DLS study confirmed uniform quasi spherical nanoparticles with ζ-potential - 28.7mV. 28522007 0 20 theme gum 5:7 arg1 nanoparticle 18:29 Guar gum benzoate nanoparticle 0:29 Guar gum benzoate nanoparticle 0:29 Guar gum benzoate nanoparticle reinforced gelatin films for enhanced thermal insulation, mechanical and antimicrobial properties. 28522007 7 21 theme barrier 702:708 arg1 properties 710:719 Superior barrier properties 693:719 Superior barrier properties 693:719 Superior barrier properties, reinforcing and thermal insulation effects were observed in films dispersed with 20% w/w nanoparticles. 28522007 9 22 theme vapour 955:960 arg1 permeability 962:973 The nanocomposite film water vapour permeability 926:973 The nanocomposite film water vapour permeability 926:973 The nanocomposite film water vapour permeability was at 0.75gmm-1kPa-1h-1, thermal conductivity 0.39Wm-1K-1 and the tensile strength were recorded at 3.87MPa. 28522007 3 23 theme Self 350:353 arg1 nanoparticles 379:391 Self assembly polysaccharide nanoparticles 350:391 Self assembly polysaccharide nanoparticles 350:391 Self assembly polysaccharide nanoparticles were prepared in solvent displacement technique. 28522007 2 24 theme phase 334:338 arg1 reaction 340:347 a Hofmeister cation guided homogeneous phase reaction 295:347 a Hofmeister cation guided homogeneous phase reaction 295:347 Guar gum benzoate was synthesized in a Hofmeister cation guided homogeneous phase reaction. 28522007 3 25 theme solvent 410:416 arg1 technique 431:439 solvent displacement technique 410:439 solvent displacement technique 410:439 Self assembly polysaccharide nanoparticles were prepared in solvent displacement technique. 28522007 0 26 theme Guar 0:3 arg1 gum 5:7 Guar gum 0:7 Guar gum benzoate nanoparticle 0:29 Guar gum benzoate nanoparticle reinforced gelatin films for enhanced thermal insulation, mechanical and antimicrobial properties. 28522007 1 27 dep benzoate 160:167 arg1 nanoparticles 183:195 nanoparticles 183:195 nanoparticles synthesis and nano composite films development with gelatin 183:255 This work relates to guar gum benzoate self assembly nanoparticles synthesis and nano composite films development with gelatin. 28522007 7 28 theme 20 803:804 arg1 % 805:805 % 805:805 % 805:805 Superior barrier properties, reinforcing and thermal insulation effects were observed in films dispersed with 20% w/w nanoparticles. 28522007 10 29 theme antimicrobial 1120:1132 arg1 properties 1134:1143 excellent antimicrobial properties 1110:1143 excellent antimicrobial properties against water born gram negative and gram positive bacteria 1110:1203 The final film expressed excellent antimicrobial properties against water born gram negative and gram positive bacteria. 28522007 2 30 theme guided 315:320 arg1 reaction 340:347 a Hofmeister cation guided homogeneous phase reaction 295:347 a Hofmeister cation guided homogeneous phase reaction 295:347 Guar gum benzoate was synthesized in a Hofmeister cation guided homogeneous phase reaction. 28522007 2 31 theme homogeneous 322:332 arg1 reaction 340:347 a Hofmeister cation guided homogeneous phase reaction 295:347 a Hofmeister cation guided homogeneous phase reaction 295:347 Guar gum benzoate was synthesized in a Hofmeister cation guided homogeneous phase reaction. 28522007 4 32 theme spherical 500:508 arg1 nanoparticles 510:522 uniform quasi spherical nanoparticles 486:522 uniform quasi spherical nanoparticles with ζ-potential - 28.7mV 486:548 Electron microscopy and DLS study confirmed uniform quasi spherical nanoparticles with ζ-potential - 28.7mV. 28522007 2 33 theme cation 308:313 arg1 reaction 340:347 a Hofmeister cation guided homogeneous phase reaction 295:347 a Hofmeister cation guided homogeneous phase reaction 295:347 Guar gum benzoate was synthesized in a Hofmeister cation guided homogeneous phase reaction. 28522007 1 34 theme nano 211:214 arg1 development 232:242 nano composite films development 211:242 nano composite films development 211:242 This work relates to guar gum benzoate self assembly nanoparticles synthesis and nano composite films development with gelatin. 28522007 0 35 theme gelatin 42:48 arg1 films 50:54 gelatin films 42:54 gelatin films for enhanced thermal insulation, mechanical and antimicrobial properties 42:127 Guar gum benzoate nanoparticle reinforced gelatin films for enhanced thermal insulation, mechanical and antimicrobial properties. 28522007 4 36 theme quasi 494:498 arg1 nanoparticles 510:522 uniform quasi spherical nanoparticles 486:522 uniform quasi spherical nanoparticles with ζ-potential - 28.7mV 486:548 Electron microscopy and DLS study confirmed uniform quasi spherical nanoparticles with ζ-potential - 28.7mV. 28522007 1 37 theme composite 216:224 arg1 development 232:242 nano composite films development 211:242 nano composite films development 211:242 This work relates to guar gum benzoate self assembly nanoparticles synthesis and nano composite films development with gelatin. 28522007 0 38 theme benzoate 9:16 arg1 nanoparticle 18:29 Guar gum benzoate nanoparticle 0:29 Guar gum benzoate nanoparticle 0:29 Guar gum benzoate nanoparticle reinforced gelatin films for enhanced thermal insulation, mechanical and antimicrobial properties. 28522007 8 39 theme FTIR 835:838 arg1 studies 840:846 Detailed FTIR studies 826:846 Detailed FTIR studies 826:846 Detailed FTIR studies and thermal analysis confirmed nanoparticles interactions in the film matrix. 28522007 10 40 theme born 1159:1162 arg1 bacteria 1196:1203 water born gram negative and gram positive bacteria 1153:1203 water born gram negative and gram positive bacteria 1153:1203 The final film expressed excellent antimicrobial properties against water born gram negative and gram positive bacteria. 28522007 8 41 theme nanoparticles 879:891 arg1 interactions 893:904 nanoparticles interactions 879:904 nanoparticles interactions 879:904 Detailed FTIR studies and thermal analysis confirmed nanoparticles interactions in the film matrix. 28522007 1 42 theme films 226:230 arg1 development 232:242 nano composite films development 211:242 nano composite films development 211:242 This work relates to guar gum benzoate self assembly nanoparticles synthesis and nano composite films development with gelatin. 28522007 6 43 theme due 642:644 arg1 incorporation 663:675 due to nanoparticles incorporation 642:675 due to nanoparticles incorporation 642:675 The film capacity augmenting due to nanoparticles incorporation was noteworthy. 28522007 8 44 theme Detailed 826:833 arg1 studies 840:846 Detailed FTIR studies 826:846 Detailed FTIR studies 826:846 Detailed FTIR studies and thermal analysis confirmed nanoparticles interactions in the film matrix. 28522007 9 45 theme thermal 1001:1007 arg1 conductivity 1009:1020 thermal conductivity 1001:1020 thermal conductivity 0.39Wm-1K-1 1001:1032 The nanocomposite film water vapour permeability was at 0.75gmm-1kPa-1h-1, thermal conductivity 0.39Wm-1K-1 and the tensile strength were recorded at 3.87MPa. 28522007 3 46 theme assembly 355:362 arg1 nanoparticles 379:391 Self assembly polysaccharide nanoparticles 350:391 Self assembly polysaccharide nanoparticles 350:391 Self assembly polysaccharide nanoparticles were prepared in solvent displacement technique. 28522007 10 47 theme final 1089:1093 arg1 film 1095:1098 The final film 1085:1098 The final film 1085:1098 The final film expressed excellent antimicrobial properties against water born gram negative and gram positive bacteria. 28522007 9 48 theme conductivity 1009:1020 arg1 0.75gmm-1kPa-1h-1 982:998 0.75gmm-1kPa-1h-1 982:998 0.75gmm-1kPa-1h-1 982:998 The nanocomposite film water vapour permeability was at 0.75gmm-1kPa-1h-1, thermal conductivity 0.39Wm-1K-1 and the tensile strength were recorded at 3.87MPa. 28522007 9 48 theme conductivity 1009:1020 arg1 0.39Wm-1K-1 1022:1032 thermal conductivity 0.39Wm-1K-1 1001:1032 thermal conductivity 0.39Wm-1K-1 1001:1032 The nanocomposite film water vapour permeability was at 0.75gmm-1kPa-1h-1, thermal conductivity 0.39Wm-1K-1 and the tensile strength were recorded at 3.87MPa. 28522007 8 49 theme film 913:916 arg1 matrix 918:923 the film matrix 909:923 the film matrix 909:923 Detailed FTIR studies and thermal analysis confirmed nanoparticles interactions in the film matrix. 28522007 10 50 theme excellent 1110:1118 arg1 properties 1134:1143 excellent antimicrobial properties 1110:1143 excellent antimicrobial properties against water born gram negative and gram positive bacteria 1110:1203 The final film expressed excellent antimicrobial properties against water born gram negative and gram positive bacteria. 28522007 10 51 theme positive 1187:1194 arg1 bacteria 1196:1203 water born gram negative and gram positive bacteria 1153:1203 water born gram negative and gram positive bacteria 1153:1203 The final film expressed excellent antimicrobial properties against water born gram negative and gram positive bacteria. 28522007 4 52 theme uniform 486:492 arg1 nanoparticles 510:522 uniform quasi spherical nanoparticles 486:522 uniform quasi spherical nanoparticles with ζ-potential - 28.7mV 486:548 Electron microscopy and DLS study confirmed uniform quasi spherical nanoparticles with ζ-potential - 28.7mV. 28522007 8 53 theme thermal 852:858 arg1 analysis 860:867 thermal analysis 852:867 thermal analysis 852:867 Detailed FTIR studies and thermal analysis confirmed nanoparticles interactions in the film matrix. 28522007 0 54 theme thermal 69:75 arg1 insulation 77:86 enhanced thermal insulation 60:86 enhanced thermal insulation 60:86 Guar gum benzoate nanoparticle reinforced gelatin films for enhanced thermal insulation, mechanical and antimicrobial properties. 28522007 0 54 theme thermal 69:75 arg1 properties 118:127 mechanical and antimicrobial properties 89:127 mechanical and antimicrobial properties 89:127 Guar gum benzoate nanoparticle reinforced gelatin films for enhanced thermal insulation, mechanical and antimicrobial properties. 28522007 2 55 theme gum 263:265 arg1 benzoate 267:274 Guar gum benzoate 258:274 Guar gum benzoate 258:274 Guar gum benzoate was synthesized in a Hofmeister cation guided homogeneous phase reaction. 28522007 3 56 theme displacement 418:429 arg1 technique 431:439 solvent displacement technique 410:439 solvent displacement technique 410:439 Self assembly polysaccharide nanoparticles were prepared in solvent displacement technique. 28522007 4 57 dep study 470:474 arg1 confirmed 476:484 confirmed 476:484 study confirmed uniform quasi spherical nanoparticles with ζ-potential - 28.7mV 470:548 Electron microscopy and DLS study confirmed uniform quasi spherical nanoparticles with ζ-potential - 28.7mV. 28522007 0 58 theme enhanced 60:67 arg1 insulation 77:86 enhanced thermal insulation 60:86 enhanced thermal insulation 60:86 Guar gum benzoate nanoparticle reinforced gelatin films for enhanced thermal insulation, mechanical and antimicrobial properties. 28522007 0 58 theme enhanced 60:67 arg1 properties 118:127 mechanical and antimicrobial properties 89:127 mechanical and antimicrobial properties 89:127 Guar gum benzoate nanoparticle reinforced gelatin films for enhanced thermal insulation, mechanical and antimicrobial properties. 28522007 7 59 theme thermal 738:744 arg1 effects 757:763 thermal insulation effects 738:763 thermal insulation effects 738:763 Superior barrier properties, reinforcing and thermal insulation effects were observed in films dispersed with 20% w/w nanoparticles. 28522007 2 60 theme Guar 258:261 arg1 gum 263:265 Guar gum 258:265 Guar gum benzoate 258:274 Guar gum benzoate was synthesized in a Hofmeister cation guided homogeneous phase reaction. 28522007 5 61 theme gelatin 597:603 arg1 matrix 605:610 gelatin matrix 597:610 gelatin matrix 597:610 Nanocomposite films were further developed in gelatin matrix. 28522007 1 62 theme guar 151:154 arg1 gum 156:158 guar gum 151:158 guar gum benzoate self assembly nanoparticles synthesis and nano composite films development with gelatin 151:255 This work relates to guar gum benzoate self assembly nanoparticles synthesis and nano composite films development with gelatin. 25478596 6 0 theme polysaccharide 849:862 arg1 assay 869:873 sulfated polysaccharide (SP) assay 840:873 sulfated polysaccharide (SP) assay 840:873 High concentration of POR in NPs was confirmed by sulfated polysaccharide (SP) assay. 25478596 2 1 theme successful 336:345 arg1 strategy 347:354 a successful strategy 334:354 a successful strategy 334:354 Packing of AmB in between two oppositely charged ions by polyelectrolyte complexation technique proved to be a successful strategy. 25478596 2 1 theme successful 336:345 arg1 Packing 225:231 Packing 225:231 Packing of AmB in between two oppositely charged ions by polyelectrolyte complexation technique 225:319 Packing of AmB in between two oppositely charged ions by polyelectrolyte complexation technique proved to be a successful strategy. 25478596 10 2 theme study 1217:1221 arg1 addition 1227:1234 the study TPP addition 1213:1234 the study TPP addition 1213:1234 Throughout the study TPP addition did not cause any significant changes. 25478596 11 3 theme interesting 1331:1341 arg1 system 1351:1356 an interesting carrier system 1328:1356 an interesting carrier system for the delivery of AmB 1328:1380 Therefore, these experimental oral NPs may represent an interesting carrier system for the delivery of AmB. 25478596 3 4 from system 391:396 arg1 form 401:404 form 401:404 form of polyelectrolyte complex of AmB 401:438 We have developed a novel carrier system in form of polyelectrolyte complex of AmB by using chitosan (CS) and porphyran (POR) as two oppositely charged polymers with TPP as a crosslinking agent. 25478596 7 5 theme dissolution 892:902 arg1 studies 904:910 Degradation and dissolution studies 876:910 Degradation and dissolution studies 876:910 Degradation and dissolution studies suggested the stability of NPs over wide pH range. 25478596 4 6 theme alkali 636:641 arg1 reduction 656:664 its alkali induced safe reduction 632:664 its alkali induced safe reduction in molecular weight 632:684 Initially POR was isolated from Porphyra vietnamensis followed by the fact that its alkali induced safe reduction in molecular weight was achieved. 25478596 8 7 theme toxicity 973:980 arg1 data 982:985 Hemolytic toxicity data 963:985 Hemolytic toxicity data 963:985 Hemolytic toxicity data suggested the safety of prepared formulation. 25478596 9 8 theme formulation 1130:1140 arg1 potential 1107:1115 the high antifungal potential 1087:1115 the high antifungal potential of optimized formulation 1087:1140 In vivo and in vitro antifungal activity demonstrated the high antifungal potential of optimized formulation when compared with standard drug and marketed formulations. 25478596 2 9 theme charged 266:272 arg1 ions 274:277 two oppositely charged ions 251:277 two oppositely charged ions 251:277 Packing of AmB in between two oppositely charged ions by polyelectrolyte complexation technique proved to be a successful strategy. 25478596 2 10 theme complexation 298:309 arg1 technique 311:319 polyelectrolyte complexation technique 282:319 polyelectrolyte complexation technique 282:319 Packing of AmB in between two oppositely charged ions by polyelectrolyte complexation technique proved to be a successful strategy. 25478596 8 11 theme Hemolytic 963:971 arg1 data 982:985 Hemolytic toxicity data 963:985 Hemolytic toxicity data 963:985 Hemolytic toxicity data suggested the safety of prepared formulation. 25478596 7 12 theme Degradation 876:886 arg1 studies 904:910 Degradation and dissolution studies 876:910 Degradation and dissolution studies 876:910 Degradation and dissolution studies suggested the stability of NPs over wide pH range. 25478596 4 13 theme induced 643:649 arg1 reduction 656:664 its alkali induced safe reduction 632:664 its alkali induced safe reduction in molecular weight 632:684 Initially POR was isolated from Porphyra vietnamensis followed by the fact that its alkali induced safe reduction in molecular weight was achieved. 25478596 3 14 theme polyelectrolyte 409:423 arg1 complex 425:431 polyelectrolyte complex 409:431 polyelectrolyte complex of AmB 409:438 We have developed a novel carrier system in form of polyelectrolyte complex of AmB by using chitosan (CS) and porphyran (POR) as two oppositely charged polymers with TPP as a crosslinking agent. 25478596 0 15 theme amphotericin 43:54 arg1 B 56:56 amphotericin B 43:56 amphotericin B 43:56 Significance of algal polymer in designing amphotericin B nanoparticles. 25478596 9 16 theme antifungal 1054:1063 arg1 activity 1065:1072 In vivo and in vitro antifungal activity 1033:1072 In vivo and in vitro antifungal activity 1033:1072 In vivo and in vitro antifungal activity demonstrated the high antifungal potential of optimized formulation when compared with standard drug and marketed formulations. 25478596 11 17 theme experimental 1292:1303 arg1 NPs 1310:1312 these experimental oral NPs 1286:1312 these experimental oral NPs 1286:1312 Therefore, these experimental oral NPs may represent an interesting carrier system for the delivery of AmB. 25478596 11 18 theme AmB 1378:1380 arg1 delivery 1366:1373 the delivery 1362:1373 the delivery of AmB 1362:1380 Therefore, these experimental oral NPs may represent an interesting carrier system for the delivery of AmB. 25478596 1 19 theme novel 151:155 arg1 technique 157:165 a novel technique 149:165 a novel technique which reduces its toxicity and other associated problems 149:222 Development of oral amphotericin B (AmB) loaded nanoparticles (NPs) demands a novel technique which reduces its toxicity and other associated problems. 25478596 6 20 from concentration 795:807 arg1 NPs 819:821 NPs 819:821 NPs 819:821 High concentration of POR in NPs was confirmed by sulfated polysaccharide (SP) assay. 25478596 1 21 theme oral 88:91 arg1 AmB 109:111 AmB 109:111 AmB 109:111 Development of oral amphotericin B (AmB) loaded nanoparticles (NPs) demands a novel technique which reduces its toxicity and other associated problems. 25478596 1 21 theme oral 88:91 arg1 B 106:106 oral amphotericin B 88:106 oral amphotericin B (AmB) loaded nanoparticles (NPs) 88:139 Development of oral amphotericin B (AmB) loaded nanoparticles (NPs) demands a novel technique which reduces its toxicity and other associated problems. 25478596 3 22 with polymers 509:516 arg1 TPP 523:525 TPP 523:525 TPP 523:525 We have developed a novel carrier system in form of polyelectrolyte complex of AmB by using chitosan (CS) and porphyran (POR) as two oppositely charged polymers with TPP as a crosslinking agent. 25478596 9 23 theme standard 1161:1168 arg1 drug 1170:1173 standard drug 1161:1173 standard drug 1161:1173 In vivo and in vitro antifungal activity demonstrated the high antifungal potential of optimized formulation when compared with standard drug and marketed formulations. 25478596 2 24 theme polyelectrolyte 282:296 arg1 technique 311:319 polyelectrolyte complexation technique 282:319 polyelectrolyte complexation technique 282:319 Packing of AmB in between two oppositely charged ions by polyelectrolyte complexation technique proved to be a successful strategy. 25478596 6 25 theme sulfated 840:847 arg1 SP 865:866 SP 865:866 SP 865:866 High concentration of POR in NPs was confirmed by sulfated polysaccharide (SP) assay. 25478596 6 25 theme sulfated 840:847 arg1 polysaccharide 849:862 sulfated polysaccharide 840:862 sulfated polysaccharide (SP) assay 840:873 High concentration of POR in NPs was confirmed by sulfated polysaccharide (SP) assay. 25478596 0 26 theme polymer 22:28 arg1 Significance 0:11 Significance 0:11 Significance of algal polymer in designing amphotericin B 0:56 Significance of algal polymer in designing amphotericin B nanoparticles. 25478596 8 27 theme prepared 1011:1018 arg1 formulation 1020:1030 prepared formulation 1011:1030 prepared formulation 1011:1030 Hemolytic toxicity data suggested the safety of prepared formulation. 25478596 9 28 dep in 1045:1046 arg1 vitro 1048:1052 vitro 1048:1052 vitro 1048:1052 In vivo and in vitro antifungal activity demonstrated the high antifungal potential of optimized formulation when compared with standard drug and marketed formulations. 25478596 1 29 theme B 106:106 arg1 NPs 136:138 NPs 136:138 NPs 136:138 Development of oral amphotericin B (AmB) loaded nanoparticles (NPs) demands a novel technique which reduces its toxicity and other associated problems. 25478596 1 29 theme B 106:106 arg1 nanoparticles 121:133 oral amphotericin B (AmB) loaded nanoparticles 88:133 oral amphotericin B (AmB) loaded nanoparticles (NPs) 88:139 Development of oral amphotericin B (AmB) loaded nanoparticles (NPs) demands a novel technique which reduces its toxicity and other associated problems. 25478596 5 30 theme central 764:770 arg1 design 782:787 three-factor three-level (3(3)) central composite design 732:787 three-factor three-level (3(3)) central composite design 732:787 Formulation was optimized using three-factor three-level (3(3)) central composite design. 25478596 1 31 theme amphotericin 93:104 arg1 AmB 109:111 AmB 109:111 AmB 109:111 Development of oral amphotericin B (AmB) loaded nanoparticles (NPs) demands a novel technique which reduces its toxicity and other associated problems. 25478596 1 31 theme amphotericin 93:104 arg1 B 106:106 oral amphotericin B 88:106 oral amphotericin B (AmB) loaded nanoparticles (NPs) 88:139 Development of oral amphotericin B (AmB) loaded nanoparticles (NPs) demands a novel technique which reduces its toxicity and other associated problems. 25478596 6 32 theme POR 812:814 arg1 concentration 795:807 High concentration 790:807 High concentration of POR in NPs 790:821 High concentration of POR in NPs was confirmed by sulfated polysaccharide (SP) assay. 25478596 10 33 theme significant 1254:1264 arg1 changes 1266:1272 any significant changes 1250:1272 any significant changes 1250:1272 Throughout the study TPP addition did not cause any significant changes. 25478596 5 34 theme composite 772:780 arg1 design 782:787 three-factor three-level (3(3)) central composite design 732:787 three-factor three-level (3(3)) central composite design 732:787 Formulation was optimized using three-factor three-level (3(3)) central composite design. 25478596 5 35 theme three-factor 732:743 arg1 design 782:787 three-factor three-level (3(3)) central composite design 732:787 three-factor three-level (3(3)) central composite design 732:787 Formulation was optimized using three-factor three-level (3(3)) central composite design. 25478596 9 36 theme marketed 1179:1186 arg1 formulations 1188:1199 marketed formulations 1179:1199 marketed formulations 1179:1199 In vivo and in vitro antifungal activity demonstrated the high antifungal potential of optimized formulation when compared with standard drug and marketed formulations. 25478596 3 37 theme crosslinking 532:543 arg1 porphyran 467:475 porphyran 467:475 porphyran (POR) 467:481 We have developed a novel carrier system in form of polyelectrolyte complex of AmB by using chitosan (CS) and porphyran (POR) as two oppositely charged polymers with TPP as a crosslinking agent. 25478596 3 37 theme crosslinking 532:543 arg1 chitosan 449:456 chitosan 449:456 chitosan (CS) 449:461 We have developed a novel carrier system in form of polyelectrolyte complex of AmB by using chitosan (CS) and porphyran (POR) as two oppositely charged polymers with TPP as a crosslinking agent. 25478596 3 37 theme crosslinking 532:543 arg1 agent 545:549 a crosslinking agent 530:549 a crosslinking agent 530:549 We have developed a novel carrier system in form of polyelectrolyte complex of AmB by using chitosan (CS) and porphyran (POR) as two oppositely charged polymers with TPP as a crosslinking agent. 25478596 9 38 theme in 1045:1046 arg1 activity 1065:1072 In vivo and in vitro antifungal activity 1033:1072 In vivo and in vitro antifungal activity 1033:1072 In vivo and in vitro antifungal activity demonstrated the high antifungal potential of optimized formulation when compared with standard drug and marketed formulations. 25478596 5 39 theme three-level 745:755 arg1 design 782:787 three-factor three-level (3(3)) central composite design 732:787 three-factor three-level (3(3)) central composite design 732:787 Formulation was optimized using three-factor three-level (3(3)) central composite design. 25478596 8 40 theme formulation 1020:1030 arg1 safety 1001:1006 the safety 997:1006 the safety of prepared formulation 997:1030 Hemolytic toxicity data suggested the safety of prepared formulation. 25478596 9 41 theme In 1033:1034 arg1 activity 1065:1072 In vivo and in vitro antifungal activity 1033:1072 In vivo and in vitro antifungal activity 1033:1072 In vivo and in vitro antifungal activity demonstrated the high antifungal potential of optimized formulation when compared with standard drug and marketed formulations. 25478596 7 42 theme wide 948:951 arg1 range 956:960 wide pH range 948:960 wide pH range 948:960 Degradation and dissolution studies suggested the stability of NPs over wide pH range. 25478596 3 43 theme AmB 436:438 arg1 complex 425:431 polyelectrolyte complex 409:431 polyelectrolyte complex of AmB 409:438 We have developed a novel carrier system in form of polyelectrolyte complex of AmB by using chitosan (CS) and porphyran (POR) as two oppositely charged polymers with TPP as a crosslinking agent. 25478596 3 44 theme novel 377:381 arg1 system 391:396 a novel carrier system 375:396 a novel carrier system in form of polyelectrolyte complex of AmB 375:438 We have developed a novel carrier system in form of polyelectrolyte complex of AmB by using chitosan (CS) and porphyran (POR) as two oppositely charged polymers with TPP as a crosslinking agent. 25478596 9 45 dep In 1033:1034 arg1 vivo 1036:1039 vivo 1036:1039 vivo 1036:1039 In vivo and in vitro antifungal activity demonstrated the high antifungal potential of optimized formulation when compared with standard drug and marketed formulations. 25478596 5 46 theme 3 758:758 arg1 design 782:787 three-factor three-level (3(3)) central composite design 732:787 three-factor three-level (3(3)) central composite design 732:787 Formulation was optimized using three-factor three-level (3(3)) central composite design. 25478596 6 47 theme High 790:793 arg1 concentration 795:807 High concentration 790:807 High concentration of POR in NPs 790:821 High concentration of POR in NPs was confirmed by sulfated polysaccharide (SP) assay. 25478596 7 48 theme pH 953:954 arg1 range 956:960 wide pH range 948:960 wide pH range 948:960 Degradation and dissolution studies suggested the stability of NPs over wide pH range. 25478596 3 49 theme carrier 383:389 arg1 system 391:396 a novel carrier system 375:396 a novel carrier system in form of polyelectrolyte complex of AmB 375:438 We have developed a novel carrier system in form of polyelectrolyte complex of AmB by using chitosan (CS) and porphyran (POR) as two oppositely charged polymers with TPP as a crosslinking agent. 25478596 4 50 attach isolated 570:577 arg2 POR 562:564 POR 562:564 POR 562:564 Initially POR was isolated from Porphyra vietnamensis followed by the fact that its alkali induced safe reduction in molecular weight was achieved. 25478596 4 50 attach isolated 570:577 arg1 vietnamensis 593:604 Porphyra vietnamensis 584:604 Porphyra vietnamensis followed by the fact that its alkali induced safe reduction in molecular weight was achieved 584:697 Initially POR was isolated from Porphyra vietnamensis followed by the fact that its alkali induced safe reduction in molecular weight was achieved. 25478596 7 51 theme NPs 939:941 arg1 stability 926:934 the stability 922:934 the stability of NPs over wide pH range 922:960 Degradation and dissolution studies suggested the stability of NPs over wide pH range. 25478596 4 52 theme safe 651:654 arg1 reduction 656:664 its alkali induced safe reduction 632:664 its alkali induced safe reduction in molecular weight 632:684 Initially POR was isolated from Porphyra vietnamensis followed by the fact that its alkali induced safe reduction in molecular weight was achieved. 25478596 4 53 theme molecular 669:677 arg1 weight 679:684 molecular weight 669:684 molecular weight 669:684 Initially POR was isolated from Porphyra vietnamensis followed by the fact that its alkali induced safe reduction in molecular weight was achieved. 25478596 9 54 theme optimized 1120:1128 arg1 formulation 1130:1140 optimized formulation 1120:1140 optimized formulation 1120:1140 In vivo and in vitro antifungal activity demonstrated the high antifungal potential of optimized formulation when compared with standard drug and marketed formulations. 25478596 1 55 theme loaded 114:119 arg1 NPs 136:138 NPs 136:138 NPs 136:138 Development of oral amphotericin B (AmB) loaded nanoparticles (NPs) demands a novel technique which reduces its toxicity and other associated problems. 25478596 1 55 theme loaded 114:119 arg1 nanoparticles 121:133 oral amphotericin B (AmB) loaded nanoparticles 88:133 oral amphotericin B (AmB) loaded nanoparticles (NPs) 88:139 Development of oral amphotericin B (AmB) loaded nanoparticles (NPs) demands a novel technique which reduces its toxicity and other associated problems. 25478596 3 56 theme charged 501:507 arg1 polymers 509:516 two oppositely charged polymers 486:516 two oppositely charged polymers with TPP 486:525 We have developed a novel carrier system in form of polyelectrolyte complex of AmB by using chitosan (CS) and porphyran (POR) as two oppositely charged polymers with TPP as a crosslinking agent. 25478596 3 56 theme charged 501:507 arg1 chitosan 449:456 chitosan 449:456 chitosan (CS) 449:461 We have developed a novel carrier system in form of polyelectrolyte complex of AmB by using chitosan (CS) and porphyran (POR) as two oppositely charged polymers with TPP as a crosslinking agent. 25478596 3 56 theme charged 501:507 arg1 porphyran 467:475 porphyran 467:475 porphyran (POR) 467:481 We have developed a novel carrier system in form of polyelectrolyte complex of AmB by using chitosan (CS) and porphyran (POR) as two oppositely charged polymers with TPP as a crosslinking agent. 25478596 1 57 theme other 198:202 arg1 problems 215:222 other associated problems 198:222 other associated problems 198:222 Development of oral amphotericin B (AmB) loaded nanoparticles (NPs) demands a novel technique which reduces its toxicity and other associated problems. 25478596 2 58 theme AmB 236:238 arg1 strategy 347:354 a successful strategy 334:354 a successful strategy 334:354 Packing of AmB in between two oppositely charged ions by polyelectrolyte complexation technique proved to be a successful strategy. 25478596 2 58 theme AmB 236:238 arg1 Packing 225:231 Packing 225:231 Packing of AmB in between two oppositely charged ions by polyelectrolyte complexation technique 225:319 Packing of AmB in between two oppositely charged ions by polyelectrolyte complexation technique proved to be a successful strategy. 25478596 1 59 theme nanoparticles 121:133 arg1 Development 73:83 Development 73:83 Development of oral amphotericin B (AmB) loaded nanoparticles (NPs) 73:139 Development of oral amphotericin B (AmB) loaded nanoparticles (NPs) demands a novel technique which reduces its toxicity and other associated problems. 25478596 4 60 from reduction 656:664 arg1 weight 679:684 molecular weight 669:684 molecular weight 669:684 Initially POR was isolated from Porphyra vietnamensis followed by the fact that its alkali induced safe reduction in molecular weight was achieved. 25478596 1 61 theme associated 204:213 arg1 problems 215:222 other associated problems 198:222 other associated problems 198:222 Development of oral amphotericin B (AmB) loaded nanoparticles (NPs) demands a novel technique which reduces its toxicity and other associated problems. 25478596 11 62 theme carrier 1343:1349 arg1 system 1351:1356 an interesting carrier system 1328:1356 an interesting carrier system for the delivery of AmB 1328:1380 Therefore, these experimental oral NPs may represent an interesting carrier system for the delivery of AmB. 25478596 4 63 theme Porphyra 584:591 arg1 vietnamensis 593:604 Porphyra vietnamensis 584:604 Porphyra vietnamensis followed by the fact that its alkali induced safe reduction in molecular weight was achieved 584:697 Initially POR was isolated from Porphyra vietnamensis followed by the fact that its alkali induced safe reduction in molecular weight was achieved. 25478596 9 64 theme high 1091:1094 arg1 potential 1107:1115 the high antifungal potential 1087:1115 the high antifungal potential of optimized formulation 1087:1140 In vivo and in vitro antifungal activity demonstrated the high antifungal potential of optimized formulation when compared with standard drug and marketed formulations. 25478596 3 65 theme complex 425:431 arg1 form 401:404 form 401:404 form of polyelectrolyte complex of AmB 401:438 We have developed a novel carrier system in form of polyelectrolyte complex of AmB by using chitosan (CS) and porphyran (POR) as two oppositely charged polymers with TPP as a crosslinking agent. 25478596 11 66 theme oral 1305:1308 arg1 NPs 1310:1312 these experimental oral NPs 1286:1312 these experimental oral NPs 1286:1312 Therefore, these experimental oral NPs may represent an interesting carrier system for the delivery of AmB. 25478596 0 67 theme algal 16:20 arg1 polymer 22:28 algal polymer 16:28 algal polymer 16:28 Significance of algal polymer in designing amphotericin B nanoparticles. 25478596 9 68 theme antifungal 1096:1105 arg1 potential 1107:1115 the high antifungal potential 1087:1115 the high antifungal potential of optimized formulation 1087:1140 In vivo and in vitro antifungal activity demonstrated the high antifungal potential of optimized formulation when compared with standard drug and marketed formulations. 25478596 10 69 theme TPP 1223:1225 arg1 addition 1227:1234 the study TPP addition 1213:1234 the study TPP addition 1213:1234 Throughout the study TPP addition did not cause any significant changes. 26906562 4 0 theme inoculum 659:666 arg1 ratio 668:672 9.3% inoculum ratio 654:672 9.3% inoculum ratio 654:672 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 4 0 theme inoculum 659:666 arg1 source 622:627 2.5g/L carbon source 608:627 2.5g/L carbon source 608:627 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 4 1 theme static 578:583 arg1 culture 585:591 static culture 578:591 static culture 578:591 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 2 2 theme xylinus 342:348 arg1 strain 350:355 Gluconacetobacter xylinus strain 324:355 Gluconacetobacter xylinus strain using carob and haricot bean (CHb) medium 324:397 BC production was statistically optimized by Gluconacetobacter xylinus strain using carob and haricot bean (CHb) medium. 26906562 5 3 contain has 924:926 arg1 medium 917:922 CHb medium 913:922 CHb medium 913:922 This study reveals that BC production can be carried out using carob and haricot bean extracts as carbon and nitrogen sources, and CHb medium has higher buffering capacity compared to Hestrin and Schramm media. 26906562 5 3 contain has 924:926 arg2 capacity 945:952 higher buffering capacity 928:952 higher buffering capacity 928:952 This study reveals that BC production can be carried out using carob and haricot bean extracts as carbon and nitrogen sources, and CHb medium has higher buffering capacity compared to Hestrin and Schramm media. 26906562 1 4 theme unique 221:226 arg1 properties 228:237 its unique properties 217:237 its unique properties distinguishing it from plant cellulose 217:276 Bacterial cellulose (BC) can be used in medical, biomedical, electronic, food, and paper industries because of its unique properties distinguishing it from plant cellulose. 26906562 5 5 theme nitrogen 891:898 arg1 carob 845:849 carob 845:849 carob 845:849 This study reveals that BC production can be carried out using carob and haricot bean extracts as carbon and nitrogen sources, and CHb medium has higher buffering capacity compared to Hestrin and Schramm media. 26906562 5 5 theme nitrogen 891:898 arg1 sources 900:906 carbon and nitrogen sources 880:906 sources 900:906 This study reveals that BC production can be carried out using carob and haricot bean extracts as carbon and nitrogen sources, and CHb medium has higher buffering capacity compared to Hestrin and Schramm media. 26906562 5 5 theme nitrogen 891:898 arg1 extracts 868:875 haricot bean extracts 855:875 haricot bean extracts 855:875 This study reveals that BC production can be carried out using carob and haricot bean extracts as carbon and nitrogen sources, and CHb medium has higher buffering capacity compared to Hestrin and Schramm media. 26906562 6 6 theme CHb 1082:1084 arg1 medium 1086:1091 CHb medium 1082:1091 CHb medium 1082:1091 Model obtained from this study is used to predict and optimize BC production yield using CHb medium. 26906562 4 7 theme incubation 717:726 arg1 temperature 728:738 30°C incubation temperature 712:738 30°C incubation temperature 712:738 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 4 7 theme incubation 717:726 arg1 source 622:627 2.5g/L carbon source 608:627 2.5g/L carbon source 608:627 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 4 8 theme citric 683:688 arg1 acid 690:693 1.15g/L citric acid 675:693 1.15g/L citric acid 675:693 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 4 8 theme citric 683:688 arg1 source 622:627 2.5g/L carbon source 608:627 2.5g/L carbon source 608:627 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 4 9 theme carbon 615:620 arg1 acid 690:693 1.15g/L citric acid 675:693 1.15g/L citric acid 675:693 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 4 9 theme carbon 615:620 arg1 source 622:627 2.5g/L carbon source 608:627 2.5g/L carbon source 608:627 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 4 9 theme carbon 615:620 arg1 temperature 728:738 30°C incubation temperature 712:738 30°C incubation temperature 712:738 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 4 9 theme carbon 615:620 arg1 9days 761:765 9days 761:765 9days 761:765 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 4 9 theme carbon 615:620 arg1 ratio 668:672 9.3% inoculum ratio 654:672 9.3% inoculum ratio 654:672 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 4 9 theme carbon 615:620 arg1 Na2HPO4 703:709 2.7g/L Na2HPO4 696:709 2.7g/L Na2HPO4 696:709 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 4 9 theme carbon 615:620 arg1 source 646:651 2.75g/L protein source 630:651 2.75g/L protein source 630:651 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 4 9 theme carbon 615:620 arg1 conditions 543:552 Optimal conditions 535:552 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture 535:591 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 4 9 theme carbon 615:620 arg1 pH 753:754 5.5 initial pH 741:754 5.5 initial pH 741:754 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 1 10 used used 138:141 arg2 cellulose 116:124 Bacterial cellulose 106:124 Bacterial cellulose (BC) 106:129 Bacterial cellulose (BC) can be used in medical, biomedical, electronic, food, and paper industries because of its unique properties distinguishing it from plant cellulose. 26906562 1 10 used used 138:141 arg2 BC 127:128 BC 127:128 BC 127:128 Bacterial cellulose (BC) can be used in medical, biomedical, electronic, food, and paper industries because of its unique properties distinguishing it from plant cellulose. 26906562 4 11 theme 9.3 654:656 arg1 % 657:657 % 657:657 % 657:657 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 5 12 theme BC 806:807 arg1 production 809:818 BC production 806:818 BC production 806:818 This study reveals that BC production can be carried out using carob and haricot bean extracts as carbon and nitrogen sources, and CHb medium has higher buffering capacity compared to Hestrin and Schramm media. 26906562 4 13 theme BC 572:573 arg1 production 558:567 production 558:567 production of BC in static culture 558:591 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 5 14 theme CHb 913:915 arg1 medium 917:922 CHb medium 913:922 CHb medium 913:922 This study reveals that BC production can be carried out using carob and haricot bean extracts as carbon and nitrogen sources, and CHb medium has higher buffering capacity compared to Hestrin and Schramm media. 26906562 1 15 theme biomedical 155:164 arg1 industries 195:204 medical, biomedical, electronic, food, and paper industries 146:204 medical, biomedical, electronic, food, and paper industries 146:204 Bacterial cellulose (BC) can be used in medical, biomedical, electronic, food, and paper industries because of its unique properties distinguishing it from plant cellulose. 26906562 4 16 theme protein 638:644 arg1 source 646:651 2.75g/L protein source 630:651 2.75g/L protein source 630:651 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 4 16 theme protein 638:644 arg1 source 622:627 2.5g/L carbon source 608:627 2.5g/L carbon source 608:627 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 4 17 theme 30°C 712:715 arg1 temperature 728:738 30°C incubation temperature 712:738 30°C incubation temperature 712:738 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 4 17 theme 30°C 712:715 arg1 source 622:627 2.5g/L carbon source 608:627 2.5g/L carbon source 608:627 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 2 18 theme haricot 373:379 arg1 bean 381:384 haricot bean 373:384 haricot bean (CHb) medium 373:397 BC production was statistically optimized by Gluconacetobacter xylinus strain using carob and haricot bean (CHb) medium. 26906562 2 18 theme haricot 373:379 arg1 CHb 387:389 CHb 387:389 CHb 387:389 BC production was statistically optimized by Gluconacetobacter xylinus strain using carob and haricot bean (CHb) medium. 26906562 4 19 theme 2.7g/L 696:701 arg1 Na2HPO4 703:709 2.7g/L Na2HPO4 696:709 2.7g/L Na2HPO4 696:709 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 4 19 theme 2.7g/L 696:701 arg1 source 622:627 2.5g/L carbon source 608:627 2.5g/L carbon source 608:627 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 1 20 theme electronic 167:176 arg1 industries 195:204 medical, biomedical, electronic, food, and paper industries 146:204 medical, biomedical, electronic, food, and paper industries 146:204 Bacterial cellulose (BC) can be used in medical, biomedical, electronic, food, and paper industries because of its unique properties distinguishing it from plant cellulose. 26906562 0 21 theme cellulose 26:34 arg1 production 36:45 bacterial cellulose production 16:45 bacterial cellulose production 16:45 Optimization of bacterial cellulose production by Gluconacetobacter xylinus using carob and haricot bean. 26906562 2 22 theme BC 279:280 arg1 production 282:291 BC production 279:291 BC production 279:291 BC production was statistically optimized by Gluconacetobacter xylinus strain using carob and haricot bean (CHb) medium. 26906562 0 23 theme bacterial 16:24 arg1 production 36:45 bacterial cellulose production 16:45 bacterial cellulose production 16:45 Optimization of bacterial cellulose production by Gluconacetobacter xylinus using carob and haricot bean. 26906562 1 24 theme plant 262:266 arg1 cellulose 268:276 plant cellulose 262:276 plant cellulose 262:276 Bacterial cellulose (BC) can be used in medical, biomedical, electronic, food, and paper industries because of its unique properties distinguishing it from plant cellulose. 26906562 5 25 theme carbon 880:885 arg1 carob 845:849 carob 845:849 carob 845:849 This study reveals that BC production can be carried out using carob and haricot bean extracts as carbon and nitrogen sources, and CHb medium has higher buffering capacity compared to Hestrin and Schramm media. 26906562 5 25 theme carbon 880:885 arg1 sources 900:906 carbon and nitrogen sources 880:906 sources 900:906 This study reveals that BC production can be carried out using carob and haricot bean extracts as carbon and nitrogen sources, and CHb medium has higher buffering capacity compared to Hestrin and Schramm media. 26906562 5 25 theme carbon 880:885 arg1 extracts 868:875 haricot bean extracts 855:875 haricot bean extracts 855:875 This study reveals that BC production can be carried out using carob and haricot bean extracts as carbon and nitrogen sources, and CHb medium has higher buffering capacity compared to Hestrin and Schramm media. 26906562 1 26 theme medical 146:152 arg1 industries 195:204 medical, biomedical, electronic, food, and paper industries 146:204 medical, biomedical, electronic, food, and paper industries 146:204 Bacterial cellulose (BC) can be used in medical, biomedical, electronic, food, and paper industries because of its unique properties distinguishing it from plant cellulose. 26906562 1 27 theme food 179:182 arg1 industries 195:204 medical, biomedical, electronic, food, and paper industries 146:204 medical, biomedical, electronic, food, and paper industries 146:204 Bacterial cellulose (BC) can be used in medical, biomedical, electronic, food, and paper industries because of its unique properties distinguishing it from plant cellulose. 26906562 5 28 theme haricot 855:861 arg1 carob 845:849 carob 845:849 carob 845:849 This study reveals that BC production can be carried out using carob and haricot bean extracts as carbon and nitrogen sources, and CHb medium has higher buffering capacity compared to Hestrin and Schramm media. 26906562 5 28 theme haricot 855:861 arg1 sources 900:906 carbon and nitrogen sources 880:906 sources 900:906 This study reveals that BC production can be carried out using carob and haricot bean extracts as carbon and nitrogen sources, and CHb medium has higher buffering capacity compared to Hestrin and Schramm media. 26906562 5 28 theme haricot 855:861 arg1 extracts 868:875 haricot bean extracts 855:875 haricot bean extracts 855:875 This study reveals that BC production can be carried out using carob and haricot bean extracts as carbon and nitrogen sources, and CHb medium has higher buffering capacity compared to Hestrin and Schramm media. 26906562 4 29 theme 2.75g/L 630:636 arg1 source 646:651 2.75g/L protein source 630:651 2.75g/L protein source 630:651 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 4 29 theme 2.75g/L 630:636 arg1 source 622:627 2.5g/L carbon source 608:627 2.5g/L carbon source 608:627 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 0 30 theme production 36:45 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of bacterial cellulose production by Gluconacetobacter xylinus using carob and haricot bean. 0:104 Optimization of bacterial cellulose production by Gluconacetobacter xylinus using carob and haricot bean. 26906562 4 31 from production 558:567 arg1 culture 585:591 static culture 578:591 static culture 578:591 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 3 32 theme Plackett-Burman 435:449 arg1 Design 451:456 Plackett-Burman Design 435:456 Plackett-Burman Design 435:456 Eight parameters were evaluated by Plackett-Burman Design and significant three parameters were optimized by Central Composite Design. 26906562 2 33 theme Gluconacetobacter 324:340 arg1 strain 350:355 Gluconacetobacter xylinus strain 324:355 Gluconacetobacter xylinus strain using carob and haricot bean (CHb) medium 324:397 BC production was statistically optimized by Gluconacetobacter xylinus strain using carob and haricot bean (CHb) medium. 26906562 0 34 theme Gluconacetobacter 50:66 arg1 xylinus 68:74 Gluconacetobacter xylinus 50:74 Gluconacetobacter xylinus using carob and haricot bean 50:103 Optimization of bacterial cellulose production by Gluconacetobacter xylinus using carob and haricot bean. 26906562 4 35 theme incubation 770:779 arg1 temperature 728:738 30°C incubation temperature 712:738 30°C incubation temperature 712:738 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 4 35 theme incubation 770:779 arg1 source 622:627 2.5g/L carbon source 608:627 2.5g/L carbon source 608:627 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 4 35 theme incubation 770:779 arg1 Na2HPO4 703:709 2.7g/L Na2HPO4 696:709 2.7g/L Na2HPO4 696:709 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 4 35 theme incubation 770:779 arg1 9days 761:765 9days 761:765 9days 761:765 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 4 35 theme incubation 770:779 arg1 pH 753:754 5.5 initial pH 741:754 5.5 initial pH 741:754 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 6 36 used used 1027:1030 arg2 Model 993:997 Model 993:997 Model obtained from this study 993:1022 Model obtained from this study is used to predict and optimize BC production yield using CHb medium. 26906562 4 37 theme 1.15g/L 675:681 arg1 acid 690:693 1.15g/L citric acid 675:693 1.15g/L citric acid 675:693 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 4 37 theme 1.15g/L 675:681 arg1 source 622:627 2.5g/L carbon source 608:627 2.5g/L carbon source 608:627 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 4 38 theme Optimal 535:541 arg1 conditions 543:552 Optimal conditions 535:552 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture 535:591 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 4 38 theme Optimal 535:541 arg1 source 622:627 2.5g/L carbon source 608:627 2.5g/L carbon source 608:627 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 3 39 theme significant 462:472 arg1 parameters 480:489 significant three parameters 462:489 significant three parameters 462:489 Eight parameters were evaluated by Plackett-Burman Design and significant three parameters were optimized by Central Composite Design. 26906562 1 40 theme Bacterial 106:114 arg1 BC 127:128 BC 127:128 BC 127:128 Bacterial cellulose (BC) can be used in medical, biomedical, electronic, food, and paper industries because of its unique properties distinguishing it from plant cellulose. 26906562 1 40 theme Bacterial 106:114 arg1 cellulose 116:124 Bacterial cellulose 106:124 Bacterial cellulose (BC) 106:129 Bacterial cellulose (BC) can be used in medical, biomedical, electronic, food, and paper industries because of its unique properties distinguishing it from plant cellulose. 26906562 1 41 theme paper 189:193 arg1 industries 195:204 medical, biomedical, electronic, food, and paper industries 146:204 medical, biomedical, electronic, food, and paper industries 146:204 Bacterial cellulose (BC) can be used in medical, biomedical, electronic, food, and paper industries because of its unique properties distinguishing it from plant cellulose. 26906562 0 42 dep carob 82:86 arg1 bean 100:103 bean 100:103 bean 100:103 Optimization of bacterial cellulose production by Gluconacetobacter xylinus using carob and haricot bean. 26906562 4 43 theme initial 745:751 arg1 pH 753:754 5.5 initial pH 741:754 5.5 initial pH 741:754 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 4 43 theme initial 745:751 arg1 source 622:627 2.5g/L carbon source 608:627 2.5g/L carbon source 608:627 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 4 44 theme % 657:657 arg1 ratio 668:672 9.3% inoculum ratio 654:672 9.3% inoculum ratio 654:672 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 4 44 theme % 657:657 arg1 source 622:627 2.5g/L carbon source 608:627 2.5g/L carbon source 608:627 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 6 45 theme BC 1056:1057 arg1 production 1059:1068 BC production 1056:1068 BC production 1056:1068 Model obtained from this study is used to predict and optimize BC production yield using CHb medium. 26906562 5 46 theme bean 863:866 arg1 carob 845:849 carob 845:849 carob 845:849 This study reveals that BC production can be carried out using carob and haricot bean extracts as carbon and nitrogen sources, and CHb medium has higher buffering capacity compared to Hestrin and Schramm media. 26906562 5 46 theme bean 863:866 arg1 sources 900:906 carbon and nitrogen sources 880:906 sources 900:906 This study reveals that BC production can be carried out using carob and haricot bean extracts as carbon and nitrogen sources, and CHb medium has higher buffering capacity compared to Hestrin and Schramm media. 26906562 5 46 theme bean 863:866 arg1 extracts 868:875 haricot bean extracts 855:875 haricot bean extracts 855:875 This study reveals that BC production can be carried out using carob and haricot bean extracts as carbon and nitrogen sources, and CHb medium has higher buffering capacity compared to Hestrin and Schramm media. 26906562 5 47 theme higher 928:933 arg1 capacity 945:952 higher buffering capacity 928:952 higher buffering capacity 928:952 This study reveals that BC production can be carried out using carob and haricot bean extracts as carbon and nitrogen sources, and CHb medium has higher buffering capacity compared to Hestrin and Schramm media. 26906562 3 48 theme Central 509:515 arg1 Design 527:532 Central Composite Design 509:532 Central Composite Design 509:532 Eight parameters were evaluated by Plackett-Burman Design and significant three parameters were optimized by Central Composite Design. 26906562 2 49 theme bean 381:384 arg1 medium 392:397 haricot bean (CHb) medium 373:397 haricot bean (CHb) medium 373:397 BC production was statistically optimized by Gluconacetobacter xylinus strain using carob and haricot bean (CHb) medium. 26906562 4 50 theme 2.5g/L 608:613 arg1 acid 690:693 1.15g/L citric acid 675:693 1.15g/L citric acid 675:693 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 4 50 theme 2.5g/L 608:613 arg1 source 622:627 2.5g/L carbon source 608:627 2.5g/L carbon source 608:627 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 4 50 theme 2.5g/L 608:613 arg1 temperature 728:738 30°C incubation temperature 712:738 30°C incubation temperature 712:738 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 4 50 theme 2.5g/L 608:613 arg1 9days 761:765 9days 761:765 9days 761:765 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 4 50 theme 2.5g/L 608:613 arg1 ratio 668:672 9.3% inoculum ratio 654:672 9.3% inoculum ratio 654:672 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 4 50 theme 2.5g/L 608:613 arg1 Na2HPO4 703:709 2.7g/L Na2HPO4 696:709 2.7g/L Na2HPO4 696:709 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 4 50 theme 2.5g/L 608:613 arg1 source 646:651 2.75g/L protein source 630:651 2.75g/L protein source 630:651 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 4 50 theme 2.5g/L 608:613 arg1 conditions 543:552 Optimal conditions 535:552 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture 535:591 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 4 50 theme 2.5g/L 608:613 arg1 pH 753:754 5.5 initial pH 741:754 5.5 initial pH 741:754 Optimal conditions for production of BC in static culture were found as: 2.5g/L carbon source, 2.75g/L protein source, 9.3% inoculum ratio, 1.15g/L citric acid, 2.7g/L Na2HPO4, 30°C incubation temperature, 5.5 initial pH, and 9days of incubation. 26906562 5 51 dep Hestrin 966:972 arg1 media 986:990 media 986:990 media 986:990 This study reveals that BC production can be carried out using carob and haricot bean extracts as carbon and nitrogen sources, and CHb medium has higher buffering capacity compared to Hestrin and Schramm media. 26906562 5 52 theme buffering 935:943 arg1 capacity 945:952 higher buffering capacity 928:952 higher buffering capacity 928:952 This study reveals that BC production can be carried out using carob and haricot bean extracts as carbon and nitrogen sources, and CHb medium has higher buffering capacity compared to Hestrin and Schramm media. 26906562 3 53 theme Composite 517:525 arg1 Design 527:532 Central Composite Design 509:532 Central Composite Design 509:532 Eight parameters were evaluated by Plackett-Burman Design and significant three parameters were optimized by Central Composite Design. 29115031 13 0 dep Res 2060:2062 arg1 106A 2072:2075 106A 2072:2075 106A 2072:2075 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 948-958, 2018. 29115031 13 0 dep Res 2060:2062 arg1 A 2069:2069 Part A 2064:2069 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 948-958, 2018. 2045:2091 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 948-958, 2018. 29115031 4 1 theme scaffolds 609:617 arg1 production 552:561 the facile production 541:561 the facile production of monolithic multidirectional collagen-based scaffolds that recapitulate the zonal structure and composition of osteochondral tissue 541:695 To address this need, we report the facile production of monolithic multidirectional collagen-based scaffolds that recapitulate the zonal structure and composition of osteochondral tissue. 29115031 5 2 theme First 698:702 arg1 scaffolds 744:752 First, superficial and osseous zone-mimicking scaffolds 698:752 First, superficial and osseous zone-mimicking scaffolds 698:752 First, superficial and osseous zone-mimicking scaffolds were fabricated by unidirectional freeze casting collagen-hyaluronic acid and collagen-hydroxyapatite-containing suspensions, respectively. 29115031 6 3 theme lyophilization 924:937 arg1 process 947:953 a lyophilization bonding process 922:953 a lyophilization bonding process 922:953 Following their production, a lyophilization bonding process was used to conjoin these scaffolds with a distinct collagen-hyaluronic acid suspension mimicking the composition of the transition zone. 29115031 6 4 theme acid 1027:1030 arg1 suspension 1032:1041 a distinct collagen-hyaluronic acid suspension 996:1041 a distinct collagen-hyaluronic acid suspension mimicking the composition of the transition zone 996:1090 Following their production, a lyophilization bonding process was used to conjoin these scaffolds with a distinct collagen-hyaluronic acid suspension mimicking the composition of the transition zone. 29115031 7 5 theme osseous 1258:1264 arg1 zones 1266:1270 osseous zones 1258:1270 osseous zones 1258:1270 Resulting matrices contained a thin, highly aligned superficial zone that interfaced with a cellular transition zone and vertically oriented calcified cartilage and osseous zones. 29115031 10 6 theme Compressive 1575:1585 arg1 testing 1587:1593 Compressive testing 1575:1593 Compressive testing of hydrated scaffold zones 1575:1620 Compressive testing of hydrated scaffold zones confirmed an increase of stiffness with scaffold depth, where compressive moduli of chondral and osseous zones fell within or near ranges conducive for chondrogenesis or osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. 29115031 2 7 theme isotropic 307:315 arg1 biomaterials 317:328 isotropic biomaterials 307:328 isotropic biomaterials 307:328 Despite this, tissue engineering strategies targeted for osteochondral repair commonly rely on the use of isotropic biomaterials for tissue reconstruction. 29115031 8 8 theme hyaluronic 1335:1344 arg1 acid 1346:1349 hyaluronic acid 1335:1349 hyaluronic acid 1335:1349 Confocal microscopy confirmed a zone-specific localization of hyaluronic acid, reflecting the depth-dependent increase of glycosaminoglycans in the native tissue. 29115031 6 9 theme distinct 998:1005 arg1 suspension 1032:1041 a distinct collagen-hyaluronic acid suspension 996:1041 a distinct collagen-hyaluronic acid suspension mimicking the composition of the transition zone 996:1090 Following their production, a lyophilization bonding process was used to conjoin these scaffolds with a distinct collagen-hyaluronic acid suspension mimicking the composition of the transition zone. 29115031 11 10 theme biomimetic 1862:1871 arg1 cues 1905:1908 these biomimetic architectural and compositional cues 1856:1908 these biomimetic architectural and compositional cues 1856:1908 With the combination of these biomimetic architectural and compositional cues, these multidirectional scaffolds hold great promise for the engineering of zonal osteochondral tissue. 29115031 9 11 dep crystalline 1443:1453 arg1 carbonated 1456:1465 carbonated 1456:1465 carbonated 1456:1465 Poorly crystalline, carbonated hydroxyapatite was localized to the calcified cartilage and osseous zones and bordered the transition zone. 29115031 7 12 theme oriented 1225:1232 arg1 cartilage 1244:1252 calcified cartilage 1234:1252 calcified cartilage 1234:1252 Resulting matrices contained a thin, highly aligned superficial zone that interfaced with a cellular transition zone and vertically oriented calcified cartilage and osseous zones. 29115031 10 13 theme scaffold 1607:1614 arg1 zones 1616:1620 hydrated scaffold zones 1598:1620 hydrated scaffold zones 1598:1620 Compressive testing of hydrated scaffold zones confirmed an increase of stiffness with scaffold depth, where compressive moduli of chondral and osseous zones fell within or near ranges conducive for chondrogenesis or osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. 29115031 6 14 theme zone 1087:1090 arg1 composition 1057:1067 the composition 1053:1067 the composition of the transition zone 1053:1090 Following their production, a lyophilization bonding process was used to conjoin these scaffolds with a distinct collagen-hyaluronic acid suspension mimicking the composition of the transition zone. 29115031 4 15 theme tissue 690:695 arg1 composition 661:671 composition 661:671 composition 661:671 To address this need, we report the facile production of monolithic multidirectional collagen-based scaffolds that recapitulate the zonal structure and composition of osteochondral tissue. 29115031 4 15 theme tissue 690:695 arg1 structure 647:655 zonal structure 641:655 zonal structure 641:655 To address this need, we report the facile production of monolithic multidirectional collagen-based scaffolds that recapitulate the zonal structure and composition of osteochondral tissue. 29115031 5 16 theme unidirectional 773:786 arg1 acid 823:826 unidirectional freeze casting collagen-hyaluronic acid 773:826 unidirectional freeze casting collagen-hyaluronic acid 773:826 First, superficial and osseous zone-mimicking scaffolds were fabricated by unidirectional freeze casting collagen-hyaluronic acid and collagen-hydroxyapatite-containing suspensions, respectively. 29115031 2 17 theme osteochondral 258:270 arg1 repair 272:277 osteochondral repair 258:277 osteochondral repair 258:277 Despite this, tissue engineering strategies targeted for osteochondral repair commonly rely on the use of isotropic biomaterials for tissue reconstruction. 29115031 7 18 theme superficial 1145:1155 arg1 zone 1157:1160 a thin, highly aligned superficial zone 1122:1160 a thin, highly aligned superficial zone that interfaced with a cellular transition zone and vertically oriented calcified cartilage and osseous zones 1122:1270 Resulting matrices contained a thin, highly aligned superficial zone that interfaced with a cellular transition zone and vertically oriented calcified cartilage and osseous zones. 29115031 8 19 theme glycosaminoglycans 1395:1412 arg1 increase 1383:1390 the depth-dependent increase 1363:1390 the depth-dependent increase of glycosaminoglycans in the native tissue 1363:1433 Confocal microscopy confirmed a zone-specific localization of hyaluronic acid, reflecting the depth-dependent increase of glycosaminoglycans in the native tissue. 29115031 10 20 theme stem 1820:1823 arg1 cells 1825:1829 mesenchymal stem cells 1808:1829 mesenchymal stem cells 1808:1829 Compressive testing of hydrated scaffold zones confirmed an increase of stiffness with scaffold depth, where compressive moduli of chondral and osseous zones fell within or near ranges conducive for chondrogenesis or osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. 29115031 5 21 theme osseous 721:727 arg1 scaffolds 744:752 First, superficial and osseous zone-mimicking scaffolds 698:752 First, superficial and osseous zone-mimicking scaffolds 698:752 First, superficial and osseous zone-mimicking scaffolds were fabricated by unidirectional freeze casting collagen-hyaluronic acid and collagen-hydroxyapatite-containing suspensions, respectively. 29115031 9 22 theme crystalline 1443:1453 arg1 hydroxyapatite 1467:1480 Poorly crystalline, carbonated hydroxyapatite 1436:1480 Poorly crystalline, carbonated hydroxyapatite 1436:1480 Poorly crystalline, carbonated hydroxyapatite was localized to the calcified cartilage and osseous zones and bordered the transition zone. 29115031 7 23 theme thin 1124:1127 arg1 zone 1157:1160 a thin, highly aligned superficial zone 1122:1160 a thin, highly aligned superficial zone that interfaced with a cellular transition zone and vertically oriented calcified cartilage and osseous zones 1122:1270 Resulting matrices contained a thin, highly aligned superficial zone that interfaced with a cellular transition zone and vertically oriented calcified cartilage and osseous zones. 29115031 1 24 theme tissue 160:165 arg1 organization 130:141 The zonal organization 120:141 The zonal organization of osteochondral tissue 120:165 The zonal organization of osteochondral tissue underlies its long term function. 29115031 5 25 theme superficial 705:715 arg1 scaffolds 744:752 First, superficial and osseous zone-mimicking scaffolds 698:752 First, superficial and osseous zone-mimicking scaffolds 698:752 First, superficial and osseous zone-mimicking scaffolds were fabricated by unidirectional freeze casting collagen-hyaluronic acid and collagen-hydroxyapatite-containing suspensions, respectively. 29115031 5 26 theme collagen-hydroxyapatite-containing 832:865 arg1 suspensions 867:877 collagen-hydroxyapatite-containing suspensions 832:877 collagen-hydroxyapatite-containing suspensions 832:877 First, superficial and osseous zone-mimicking scaffolds were fabricated by unidirectional freeze casting collagen-hyaluronic acid and collagen-hydroxyapatite-containing suspensions, respectively. 29115031 10 27 theme stiffness 1647:1655 arg1 increase 1635:1642 an increase 1632:1642 an increase of stiffness 1632:1655 Compressive testing of hydrated scaffold zones confirmed an increase of stiffness with scaffold depth, where compressive moduli of chondral and osseous zones fell within or near ranges conducive for chondrogenesis or osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. 29115031 11 28 theme tissue 2006:2011 arg1 engineering 1971:1981 the engineering 1967:1981 the engineering of zonal osteochondral tissue 1967:2011 With the combination of these biomimetic architectural and compositional cues, these multidirectional scaffolds hold great promise for the engineering of zonal osteochondral tissue. 29115031 0 29 theme lyophilization 87:100 arg1 approach 110:117 a lyophilization bonding approach 85:117 a lyophilization bonding approach 85:117 Biomimetic multidirectional scaffolds for zonal osteochondral tissue engineering via a lyophilization bonding approach. 29115031 7 30 theme Resulting 1093:1101 arg1 matrices 1103:1110 Resulting matrices 1093:1110 Resulting matrices 1093:1110 Resulting matrices contained a thin, highly aligned superficial zone that interfaced with a cellular transition zone and vertically oriented calcified cartilage and osseous zones. 29115031 1 31 theme term 186:189 arg1 function 191:198 its long term function 177:198 its long term function 177:198 The zonal organization of osteochondral tissue underlies its long term function. 29115031 3 32 theme new 383:385 arg1 class 387:391 a new class 381:391 a new class of highly biomimetic, anisotropic scaffolds that may allow for the engineering of new tissue with zonal properties 381:506 There exists a need for a new class of highly biomimetic, anisotropic scaffolds that may allow for the engineering of new tissue with zonal properties. 29115031 3 33 dep biomimetic 403:412 arg1 anisotropic 415:425 anisotropic 415:425 anisotropic 415:425 There exists a need for a new class of highly biomimetic, anisotropic scaffolds that may allow for the engineering of new tissue with zonal properties. 29115031 11 34 theme zonal 1986:1990 arg1 tissue 2006:2011 zonal osteochondral tissue 1986:2011 zonal osteochondral tissue 1986:2011 With the combination of these biomimetic architectural and compositional cues, these multidirectional scaffolds hold great promise for the engineering of zonal osteochondral tissue. 29115031 5 35 theme casting 795:801 arg1 acid 823:826 unidirectional freeze casting collagen-hyaluronic acid 773:826 unidirectional freeze casting collagen-hyaluronic acid 773:826 First, superficial and osseous zone-mimicking scaffolds were fabricated by unidirectional freeze casting collagen-hyaluronic acid and collagen-hydroxyapatite-containing suspensions, respectively. 29115031 13 36 theme Part 2064:2067 arg1 A 2069:2069 Part A 2064:2069 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 948-958, 2018. 2045:2091 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 948-958, 2018. 29115031 9 37 theme calcified 1503:1511 arg1 zones 1535:1539 the calcified cartilage and osseous zones 1499:1539 the calcified cartilage and osseous zones 1499:1539 Poorly crystalline, carbonated hydroxyapatite was localized to the calcified cartilage and osseous zones and bordered the transition zone. 29115031 3 38 theme biomimetic 403:412 arg1 scaffolds 427:435 highly biomimetic, anisotropic scaffolds 396:435 highly biomimetic, anisotropic scaffolds that may allow for the engineering of new tissue with zonal properties 396:506 There exists a need for a new class of highly biomimetic, anisotropic scaffolds that may allow for the engineering of new tissue with zonal properties. 29115031 10 39 theme scaffold 1662:1669 arg1 depth 1671:1675 scaffold depth 1662:1675 scaffold depth 1662:1675 Compressive testing of hydrated scaffold zones confirmed an increase of stiffness with scaffold depth, where compressive moduli of chondral and osseous zones fell within or near ranges conducive for chondrogenesis or osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. 29115031 12 40 dep © 2014:2014 arg1 Inc. 2040:2043 Inc. 2040:2043 Inc. 2040:2043 © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 29115031 0 41 theme Biomimetic 0:9 arg1 multidirectional 11:26 Biomimetic multidirectional 0:26 Biomimetic multidirectional 0:26 Biomimetic multidirectional scaffolds for zonal osteochondral tissue engineering via a lyophilization bonding approach. 29115031 3 42 theme tissue 479:484 arg1 engineering 460:470 the engineering 456:470 the engineering of new tissue with zonal properties 456:506 There exists a need for a new class of highly biomimetic, anisotropic scaffolds that may allow for the engineering of new tissue with zonal properties. 29115031 6 43 used used 959:962 arg2 process 947:953 a lyophilization bonding process 922:953 a lyophilization bonding process 922:953 Following their production, a lyophilization bonding process was used to conjoin these scaffolds with a distinct collagen-hyaluronic acid suspension mimicking the composition of the transition zone. 29115031 1 44 theme zonal 124:128 arg1 organization 130:141 The zonal organization 120:141 The zonal organization of osteochondral tissue 120:165 The zonal organization of osteochondral tissue underlies its long term function. 29115031 4 45 theme monolithic 566:575 arg1 scaffolds 609:617 monolithic multidirectional collagen-based scaffolds 566:617 monolithic multidirectional collagen-based scaffolds that recapitulate the zonal structure and composition of osteochondral tissue 566:695 To address this need, we report the facile production of monolithic multidirectional collagen-based scaffolds that recapitulate the zonal structure and composition of osteochondral tissue. 29115031 10 46 theme compressive 1684:1694 arg1 moduli 1696:1701 compressive moduli 1684:1701 compressive moduli of chondral and osseous zones 1684:1731 Compressive testing of hydrated scaffold zones confirmed an increase of stiffness with scaffold depth, where compressive moduli of chondral and osseous zones fell within or near ranges conducive for chondrogenesis or osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. 29115031 11 47 theme multidirectional 1917:1932 arg1 scaffolds 1934:1942 these multidirectional scaffolds 1911:1942 these multidirectional scaffolds 1911:1942 With the combination of these biomimetic architectural and compositional cues, these multidirectional scaffolds hold great promise for the engineering of zonal osteochondral tissue. 29115031 0 48 theme zonal 42:46 arg1 engineering 69:79 zonal osteochondral tissue engineering 42:79 zonal osteochondral tissue engineering 42:79 Biomimetic multidirectional scaffolds for zonal osteochondral tissue engineering via a lyophilization bonding approach. 29115031 9 49 theme bordered 1545:1552 arg1 zone 1569:1572 the transition zone 1554:1572 bordered the transition zone 1545:1572 Poorly crystalline, carbonated hydroxyapatite was localized to the calcified cartilage and osseous zones and bordered the transition zone. 29115031 10 50 theme zones 1727:1731 arg1 moduli 1696:1701 compressive moduli 1684:1701 compressive moduli of chondral and osseous zones 1684:1731 Compressive testing of hydrated scaffold zones confirmed an increase of stiffness with scaffold depth, where compressive moduli of chondral and osseous zones fell within or near ranges conducive for chondrogenesis or osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. 29115031 0 51 theme tissue 62:67 arg1 engineering 69:79 zonal osteochondral tissue engineering 42:79 zonal osteochondral tissue engineering 42:79 Biomimetic multidirectional scaffolds for zonal osteochondral tissue engineering via a lyophilization bonding approach. 29115031 9 52 theme transition 1558:1567 arg1 zone 1569:1572 the transition zone 1554:1572 bordered the transition zone 1545:1572 Poorly crystalline, carbonated hydroxyapatite was localized to the calcified cartilage and osseous zones and bordered the transition zone. 29115031 2 53 theme engineering 222:232 arg1 strategies 234:243 tissue engineering strategies 215:243 tissue engineering strategies targeted for osteochondral repair 215:277 Despite this, tissue engineering strategies targeted for osteochondral repair commonly rely on the use of isotropic biomaterials for tissue reconstruction. 29115031 3 54 theme zonal 491:495 arg1 properties 497:506 zonal properties 491:506 zonal properties 491:506 There exists a need for a new class of highly biomimetic, anisotropic scaffolds that may allow for the engineering of new tissue with zonal properties. 29115031 8 55 theme Confocal 1273:1280 arg1 microscopy 1282:1291 Confocal microscopy 1273:1291 Confocal microscopy 1273:1291 Confocal microscopy confirmed a zone-specific localization of hyaluronic acid, reflecting the depth-dependent increase of glycosaminoglycans in the native tissue. 29115031 4 56 theme collagen-based 594:607 arg1 scaffolds 609:617 monolithic multidirectional collagen-based scaffolds 566:617 monolithic multidirectional collagen-based scaffolds that recapitulate the zonal structure and composition of osteochondral tissue 566:695 To address this need, we report the facile production of monolithic multidirectional collagen-based scaffolds that recapitulate the zonal structure and composition of osteochondral tissue. 29115031 2 57 theme biomaterials 317:328 arg1 use 300:302 the use 296:302 the use of isotropic biomaterials for tissue reconstruction 296:354 Despite this, tissue engineering strategies targeted for osteochondral repair commonly rely on the use of isotropic biomaterials for tissue reconstruction. 29115031 8 58 theme zone-specific 1305:1317 arg1 localization 1319:1330 a zone-specific localization 1303:1330 a zone-specific localization of hyaluronic acid 1303:1349 Confocal microscopy confirmed a zone-specific localization of hyaluronic acid, reflecting the depth-dependent increase of glycosaminoglycans in the native tissue. 29115031 6 59 theme collagen-hyaluronic 1007:1025 arg1 suspension 1032:1041 a distinct collagen-hyaluronic acid suspension 996:1041 a distinct collagen-hyaluronic acid suspension mimicking the composition of the transition zone 996:1090 Following their production, a lyophilization bonding process was used to conjoin these scaffolds with a distinct collagen-hyaluronic acid suspension mimicking the composition of the transition zone. 29115031 10 60 theme conducive 1760:1768 arg1 ranges 1753:1758 ranges 1753:1758 ranges conducive for chondrogenesis or osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells 1753:1829 Compressive testing of hydrated scaffold zones confirmed an increase of stiffness with scaffold depth, where compressive moduli of chondral and osseous zones fell within or near ranges conducive for chondrogenesis or osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. 29115031 11 61 theme compositional 1891:1903 arg1 cues 1905:1908 these biomimetic architectural and compositional cues 1856:1908 these biomimetic architectural and compositional cues 1856:1908 With the combination of these biomimetic architectural and compositional cues, these multidirectional scaffolds hold great promise for the engineering of zonal osteochondral tissue. 29115031 7 62 theme calcified 1234:1242 arg1 cartilage 1244:1252 calcified cartilage 1234:1252 calcified cartilage 1234:1252 Resulting matrices contained a thin, highly aligned superficial zone that interfaced with a cellular transition zone and vertically oriented calcified cartilage and osseous zones. 29115031 3 63 theme scaffolds 427:435 arg1 class 387:391 a new class 381:391 a new class of highly biomimetic, anisotropic scaffolds that may allow for the engineering of new tissue with zonal properties 381:506 There exists a need for a new class of highly biomimetic, anisotropic scaffolds that may allow for the engineering of new tissue with zonal properties. 29115031 8 64 from increase 1383:1390 arg1 tissue 1428:1433 the native tissue 1417:1433 the native tissue 1417:1433 Confocal microscopy confirmed a zone-specific localization of hyaluronic acid, reflecting the depth-dependent increase of glycosaminoglycans in the native tissue. 29115031 10 65 theme mesenchymal 1808:1818 arg1 cells 1825:1829 mesenchymal stem cells 1808:1829 mesenchymal stem cells 1808:1829 Compressive testing of hydrated scaffold zones confirmed an increase of stiffness with scaffold depth, where compressive moduli of chondral and osseous zones fell within or near ranges conducive for chondrogenesis or osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. 29115031 11 66 theme architectural 1873:1885 arg1 cues 1905:1908 these biomimetic architectural and compositional cues 1856:1908 these biomimetic architectural and compositional cues 1856:1908 With the combination of these biomimetic architectural and compositional cues, these multidirectional scaffolds hold great promise for the engineering of zonal osteochondral tissue. 29115031 10 67 theme zones 1616:1620 arg1 testing 1587:1593 Compressive testing 1575:1593 Compressive testing of hydrated scaffold zones 1575:1620 Compressive testing of hydrated scaffold zones confirmed an increase of stiffness with scaffold depth, where compressive moduli of chondral and osseous zones fell within or near ranges conducive for chondrogenesis or osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. 29115031 8 68 theme acid 1346:1349 arg1 localization 1319:1330 a zone-specific localization 1303:1330 a zone-specific localization of hyaluronic acid 1303:1349 Confocal microscopy confirmed a zone-specific localization of hyaluronic acid, reflecting the depth-dependent increase of glycosaminoglycans in the native tissue. 29115031 8 69 theme native 1421:1426 arg1 tissue 1428:1433 the native tissue 1417:1433 the native tissue 1417:1433 Confocal microscopy confirmed a zone-specific localization of hyaluronic acid, reflecting the depth-dependent increase of glycosaminoglycans in the native tissue. 29115031 10 70 theme hydrated 1598:1605 arg1 zones 1616:1620 hydrated scaffold zones 1598:1620 hydrated scaffold zones 1598:1620 Compressive testing of hydrated scaffold zones confirmed an increase of stiffness with scaffold depth, where compressive moduli of chondral and osseous zones fell within or near ranges conducive for chondrogenesis or osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. 29115031 2 71 theme tissue 334:339 arg1 reconstruction 341:354 tissue reconstruction 334:354 tissue reconstruction 334:354 Despite this, tissue engineering strategies targeted for osteochondral repair commonly rely on the use of isotropic biomaterials for tissue reconstruction. 29115031 3 72 with tissue 479:484 arg1 properties 497:506 zonal properties 491:506 zonal properties 491:506 There exists a need for a new class of highly biomimetic, anisotropic scaffolds that may allow for the engineering of new tissue with zonal properties. 29115031 8 73 theme depth-dependent 1367:1381 arg1 increase 1383:1390 the depth-dependent increase 1363:1390 the depth-dependent increase of glycosaminoglycans in the native tissue 1363:1433 Confocal microscopy confirmed a zone-specific localization of hyaluronic acid, reflecting the depth-dependent increase of glycosaminoglycans in the native tissue. 29115031 6 74 theme transition 1076:1085 arg1 zone 1087:1090 the transition zone 1072:1090 the transition zone 1072:1090 Following their production, a lyophilization bonding process was used to conjoin these scaffolds with a distinct collagen-hyaluronic acid suspension mimicking the composition of the transition zone. 29115031 4 75 theme osteochondral 676:688 arg1 tissue 690:695 osteochondral tissue 676:695 osteochondral tissue 676:695 To address this need, we report the facile production of monolithic multidirectional collagen-based scaffolds that recapitulate the zonal structure and composition of osteochondral tissue. 29115031 10 76 theme cells 1825:1829 arg1 osteogenesis 1792:1803 osteogenesis 1792:1803 osteogenesis 1792:1803 Compressive testing of hydrated scaffold zones confirmed an increase of stiffness with scaffold depth, where compressive moduli of chondral and osseous zones fell within or near ranges conducive for chondrogenesis or osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. 29115031 10 76 theme cells 1825:1829 arg1 chondrogenesis 1774:1787 chondrogenesis 1774:1787 chondrogenesis 1774:1787 Compressive testing of hydrated scaffold zones confirmed an increase of stiffness with scaffold depth, where compressive moduli of chondral and osseous zones fell within or near ranges conducive for chondrogenesis or osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. 29115031 5 77 theme zone-mimicking 729:742 arg1 scaffolds 744:752 First, superficial and osseous zone-mimicking scaffolds 698:752 First, superficial and osseous zone-mimicking scaffolds 698:752 First, superficial and osseous zone-mimicking scaffolds were fabricated by unidirectional freeze casting collagen-hyaluronic acid and collagen-hydroxyapatite-containing suspensions, respectively. 29115031 4 78 dep structure 647:655 arg1 the 637:639 the 637:639 the 637:639 To address this need, we report the facile production of monolithic multidirectional collagen-based scaffolds that recapitulate the zonal structure and composition of osteochondral tissue. 29115031 1 79 theme osteochondral 146:158 arg1 tissue 160:165 osteochondral tissue 146:165 osteochondral tissue 146:165 The zonal organization of osteochondral tissue underlies its long term function. 29115031 0 80 theme bonding 102:108 arg1 approach 110:117 a lyophilization bonding approach 85:117 a lyophilization bonding approach 85:117 Biomimetic multidirectional scaffolds for zonal osteochondral tissue engineering via a lyophilization bonding approach. 29115031 1 81 theme long 181:184 arg1 function 191:198 its long term function 177:198 its long term function 177:198 The zonal organization of osteochondral tissue underlies its long term function. 29115031 5 82 theme freeze 788:793 arg1 acid 823:826 unidirectional freeze casting collagen-hyaluronic acid 773:826 unidirectional freeze casting collagen-hyaluronic acid 773:826 First, superficial and osseous zone-mimicking scaffolds were fabricated by unidirectional freeze casting collagen-hyaluronic acid and collagen-hydroxyapatite-containing suspensions, respectively. 29115031 11 83 theme osteochondral 1992:2004 arg1 tissue 2006:2011 zonal osteochondral tissue 1986:2011 zonal osteochondral tissue 1986:2011 With the combination of these biomimetic architectural and compositional cues, these multidirectional scaffolds hold great promise for the engineering of zonal osteochondral tissue. 29115031 5 84 theme collagen-hyaluronic 803:821 arg1 acid 823:826 unidirectional freeze casting collagen-hyaluronic acid 773:826 unidirectional freeze casting collagen-hyaluronic acid 773:826 First, superficial and osseous zone-mimicking scaffolds were fabricated by unidirectional freeze casting collagen-hyaluronic acid and collagen-hydroxyapatite-containing suspensions, respectively. 29115031 9 85 theme cartilage 1513:1521 arg1 zones 1535:1539 the calcified cartilage and osseous zones 1499:1539 the calcified cartilage and osseous zones 1499:1539 Poorly crystalline, carbonated hydroxyapatite was localized to the calcified cartilage and osseous zones and bordered the transition zone. 29115031 7 86 theme cellular 1185:1192 arg1 zone 1205:1208 a cellular transition zone 1183:1208 a cellular transition zone 1183:1208 Resulting matrices contained a thin, highly aligned superficial zone that interfaced with a cellular transition zone and vertically oriented calcified cartilage and osseous zones. 29115031 9 87 theme osseous 1527:1533 arg1 zones 1535:1539 the calcified cartilage and osseous zones 1499:1539 the calcified cartilage and osseous zones 1499:1539 Poorly crystalline, carbonated hydroxyapatite was localized to the calcified cartilage and osseous zones and bordered the transition zone. 29115031 4 88 theme multidirectional 577:592 arg1 scaffolds 609:617 monolithic multidirectional collagen-based scaffolds 566:617 monolithic multidirectional collagen-based scaffolds that recapitulate the zonal structure and composition of osteochondral tissue 566:695 To address this need, we report the facile production of monolithic multidirectional collagen-based scaffolds that recapitulate the zonal structure and composition of osteochondral tissue. 29115031 7 89 dep thin 1124:1127 arg1 aligned 1137:1143 aligned 1137:1143 aligned 1137:1143 Resulting matrices contained a thin, highly aligned superficial zone that interfaced with a cellular transition zone and vertically oriented calcified cartilage and osseous zones. 29115031 0 90 theme osteochondral 48:60 arg1 engineering 69:79 zonal osteochondral tissue engineering 42:79 zonal osteochondral tissue engineering 42:79 Biomimetic multidirectional scaffolds for zonal osteochondral tissue engineering via a lyophilization bonding approach. 29115031 11 91 theme cues 1905:1908 arg1 combination 1841:1851 the combination 1837:1851 the combination of these biomimetic architectural and compositional cues 1837:1908 With the combination of these biomimetic architectural and compositional cues, these multidirectional scaffolds hold great promise for the engineering of zonal osteochondral tissue. 29115031 3 92 theme new 475:477 arg1 tissue 479:484 new tissue 475:484 new tissue with zonal properties 475:506 There exists a need for a new class of highly biomimetic, anisotropic scaffolds that may allow for the engineering of new tissue with zonal properties. 29115031 7 93 theme transition 1194:1203 arg1 zone 1205:1208 a cellular transition zone 1183:1208 a cellular transition zone 1183:1208 Resulting matrices contained a thin, highly aligned superficial zone that interfaced with a cellular transition zone and vertically oriented calcified cartilage and osseous zones. 29115031 4 94 theme facile 545:550 arg1 production 552:561 the facile production 541:561 the facile production of monolithic multidirectional collagen-based scaffolds that recapitulate the zonal structure and composition of osteochondral tissue 541:695 To address this need, we report the facile production of monolithic multidirectional collagen-based scaffolds that recapitulate the zonal structure and composition of osteochondral tissue. 29115031 10 95 theme osseous 1719:1725 arg1 zones 1727:1731 chondral and osseous zones 1706:1731 chondral and osseous zones 1706:1731 Compressive testing of hydrated scaffold zones confirmed an increase of stiffness with scaffold depth, where compressive moduli of chondral and osseous zones fell within or near ranges conducive for chondrogenesis or osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. 29115031 11 96 theme great 1949:1953 arg1 promise 1955:1961 great promise 1949:1961 great promise for the engineering of zonal osteochondral tissue 1949:2011 With the combination of these biomimetic architectural and compositional cues, these multidirectional scaffolds hold great promise for the engineering of zonal osteochondral tissue. 29115031 13 97 dep 106A 2072:2075 arg1 948-958 2078:2084 948-958 2078:2084 948-958 2078:2084 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 948-958, 2018. 29115031 4 98 theme zonal 641:645 arg1 structure 647:655 zonal structure 641:655 zonal structure 641:655 To address this need, we report the facile production of monolithic multidirectional collagen-based scaffolds that recapitulate the zonal structure and composition of osteochondral tissue. 29115031 10 99 theme chondral 1706:1713 arg1 zones 1727:1731 chondral and osseous zones 1706:1731 chondral and osseous zones 1706:1731 Compressive testing of hydrated scaffold zones confirmed an increase of stiffness with scaffold depth, where compressive moduli of chondral and osseous zones fell within or near ranges conducive for chondrogenesis or osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. 29115031 2 100 theme tissue 215:220 arg1 strategies 234:243 tissue engineering strategies 215:243 tissue engineering strategies targeted for osteochondral repair 215:277 Despite this, tissue engineering strategies targeted for osteochondral repair commonly rely on the use of isotropic biomaterials for tissue reconstruction. 29115031 6 101 theme bonding 939:945 arg1 process 947:953 a lyophilization bonding process 922:953 a lyophilization bonding process 922:953 Following their production, a lyophilization bonding process was used to conjoin these scaffolds with a distinct collagen-hyaluronic acid suspension mimicking the composition of the transition zone. 29115031 7 102 contain contained 1112:1120 arg2 zone 1157:1160 a thin, highly aligned superficial zone 1122:1160 a thin, highly aligned superficial zone that interfaced with a cellular transition zone and vertically oriented calcified cartilage and osseous zones 1122:1270 Resulting matrices contained a thin, highly aligned superficial zone that interfaced with a cellular transition zone and vertically oriented calcified cartilage and osseous zones. 29115031 7 102 contain contained 1112:1120 arg1 matrices 1103:1110 Resulting matrices 1093:1110 Resulting matrices 1093:1110 Resulting matrices contained a thin, highly aligned superficial zone that interfaced with a cellular transition zone and vertically oriented calcified cartilage and osseous zones. 27816264 0 0 theme Process 75:81 arg1 Up 42:43 Scaling Up 34:43 Scaling Up of High Shear Wet Granulation Process 34:81 Artificial Intelligence Tools for Scaling Up of High Shear Wet Granulation Process. 27816264 3 1 theme Gene 693:696 arg1 expression 698:707 Gene expression programing 693:718 Gene expression programing 693:718 Gene expression programing allowed the modeling of the granulation process for granulators of similar and dissimilar geometries and can be improved by implementing additional characteristics of the process, as composition variables or operation parameters (e.g., batch size, chopper speed). 27816264 2 2 theme expression 351:360 arg1 combination 310:320 The combination 306:320 The combination of neurofuzzy logic and gene expression programing technologies 306:384 The combination of neurofuzzy logic and gene expression programing technologies allowed the modeling of the impeller power as a function of operation conditions and wet granule properties, establishing the critical variables that affect the response and obtaining a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment. 27816264 3 3 theme dissimilar 799:808 arg1 geometries 810:819 similar and dissimilar geometries 787:819 similar and dissimilar geometries 787:819 Gene expression programing allowed the modeling of the granulation process for granulators of similar and dissimilar geometries and can be improved by implementing additional characteristics of the process, as composition variables or operation parameters (e.g., batch size, chopper speed). 27816264 1 4 theme mixer 250:254 arg1 granulators 256:266 high-speed mixer granulators 239:266 high-speed mixer granulators of different scales from 25L to 600L 239:303 The results presented in this article demonstrate the potential of artificial intelligence tools for predicting the endpoint of the granulation process in high-speed mixer granulators of different scales from 25L to 600L. 27816264 0 5 theme Granulation 63:73 arg1 Process 75:81 High Shear Wet Granulation Process 48:81 High Shear Wet Granulation Process 48:81 Artificial Intelligence Tools for Scaling Up of High Shear Wet Granulation Process. 27816264 2 6 theme transparent 613:623 arg1 equation 603:610 a unique experimental polynomial equation 570:610 a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment 570:690 The combination of neurofuzzy logic and gene expression programing technologies allowed the modeling of the impeller power as a function of operation conditions and wet granule properties, establishing the critical variables that affect the response and obtaining a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment. 27816264 2 6 theme transparent 613:623 arg1 model 625:629 transparent model 613:629 transparent model 613:629 The combination of neurofuzzy logic and gene expression programing technologies allowed the modeling of the impeller power as a function of operation conditions and wet granule properties, establishing the critical variables that affect the response and obtaining a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment. 27816264 1 7 theme artificial 151:160 arg1 tools 175:179 artificial intelligence tools 151:179 artificial intelligence tools 151:179 The results presented in this article demonstrate the potential of artificial intelligence tools for predicting the endpoint of the granulation process in high-speed mixer granulators of different scales from 25L to 600L. 27816264 2 8 theme > 659:659 arg1 % 666:666 R2 > 86.78% 656:666 R2 > 86.78% 656:666 The combination of neurofuzzy logic and gene expression programing technologies allowed the modeling of the impeller power as a function of operation conditions and wet granule properties, establishing the critical variables that affect the response and obtaining a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment. 27816264 2 8 theme > 659:659 arg1 predictability 640:653 high predictability 635:653 high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) 635:667 The combination of neurofuzzy logic and gene expression programing technologies allowed the modeling of the impeller power as a function of operation conditions and wet granule properties, establishing the critical variables that affect the response and obtaining a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment. 27816264 2 9 dep logic 336:340 arg1 technologies 373:384 programing technologies 362:384 programing technologies 362:384 The combination of neurofuzzy logic and gene expression programing technologies allowed the modeling of the impeller power as a function of operation conditions and wet granule properties, establishing the critical variables that affect the response and obtaining a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment. 27816264 2 10 theme R2 656:657 arg1 % 666:666 R2 > 86.78% 656:666 R2 > 86.78% 656:666 The combination of neurofuzzy logic and gene expression programing technologies allowed the modeling of the impeller power as a function of operation conditions and wet granule properties, establishing the critical variables that affect the response and obtaining a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment. 27816264 2 10 theme R2 656:657 arg1 predictability 640:653 high predictability 635:653 high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) 635:667 The combination of neurofuzzy logic and gene expression programing technologies allowed the modeling of the impeller power as a function of operation conditions and wet granule properties, establishing the critical variables that affect the response and obtaining a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment. 27816264 4 11 theme other 1107:1111 arg1 equipment 1125:1133 any other granulation equipment 1103:1133 any other granulation equipment 1103:1133 The principles and the methodology proposed here can be applied to understand and control manufacturing process, using any other granulation equipment, including continuous granulation processes. 27816264 1 12 theme different 271:279 arg1 scales 281:286 different scales 271:286 different scales 271:286 The results presented in this article demonstrate the potential of artificial intelligence tools for predicting the endpoint of the granulation process in high-speed mixer granulators of different scales from 25L to 600L. 27816264 1 13 from 25L 293:295 arg1 endpoint 200:207 the endpoint 196:207 the endpoint of the granulation process in high-speed mixer granulators of different scales from 25L to 600L 196:303 The results presented in this article demonstrate the potential of artificial intelligence tools for predicting the endpoint of the granulation process in high-speed mixer granulators of different scales from 25L to 600L. 27816264 1 13 from 25L 293:295 arg1 granulators 256:266 high-speed mixer granulators 239:266 high-speed mixer granulators of different scales from 25L to 600L 239:303 The results presented in this article demonstrate the potential of artificial intelligence tools for predicting the endpoint of the granulation process in high-speed mixer granulators of different scales from 25L to 600L. 27816264 4 14 theme granulation 1113:1123 arg1 equipment 1125:1133 any other granulation equipment 1103:1133 any other granulation equipment 1103:1133 The principles and the methodology proposed here can be applied to understand and control manufacturing process, using any other granulation equipment, including continuous granulation processes. 27816264 1 15 theme intelligence 162:173 arg1 tools 175:179 artificial intelligence tools 151:179 artificial intelligence tools 151:179 The results presented in this article demonstrate the potential of artificial intelligence tools for predicting the endpoint of the granulation process in high-speed mixer granulators of different scales from 25L to 600L. 27816264 2 16 theme critical 512:519 arg1 variables 521:529 the critical variables 508:529 the critical variables that affect the response 508:554 The combination of neurofuzzy logic and gene expression programing technologies allowed the modeling of the impeller power as a function of operation conditions and wet granule properties, establishing the critical variables that affect the response and obtaining a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment. 27816264 2 17 theme high 635:638 arg1 % 666:666 R2 > 86.78% 656:666 R2 > 86.78% 656:666 The combination of neurofuzzy logic and gene expression programing technologies allowed the modeling of the impeller power as a function of operation conditions and wet granule properties, establishing the critical variables that affect the response and obtaining a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment. 27816264 2 17 theme high 635:638 arg1 predictability 640:653 high predictability 635:653 high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) 635:667 The combination of neurofuzzy logic and gene expression programing technologies allowed the modeling of the impeller power as a function of operation conditions and wet granule properties, establishing the critical variables that affect the response and obtaining a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment. 27816264 3 18 theme geometries 810:819 arg1 granulators 772:782 granulators 772:782 granulators of similar and dissimilar geometries 772:819 Gene expression programing allowed the modeling of the granulation process for granulators of similar and dissimilar geometries and can be improved by implementing additional characteristics of the process, as composition variables or operation parameters (e.g., batch size, chopper speed). 27816264 3 19 dep size 962:965 arg1 e.g. 950:953 e.g. 950:953 e.g. 950:953 Gene expression programing allowed the modeling of the granulation process for granulators of similar and dissimilar geometries and can be improved by implementing additional characteristics of the process, as composition variables or operation parameters (e.g., batch size, chopper speed). 27816264 1 20 theme tools 175:179 arg1 potential 138:146 the potential 134:146 the potential of artificial intelligence tools for predicting the endpoint of the granulation process in high-speed mixer granulators of different scales from 25L to 600L 134:303 The results presented in this article demonstrate the potential of artificial intelligence tools for predicting the endpoint of the granulation process in high-speed mixer granulators of different scales from 25L to 600L. 27816264 0 21 theme Intelligence 11:22 arg1 Tools 24:28 Artificial Intelligence Tools 0:28 Artificial Intelligence Tools for Scaling Up of High Shear Wet Granulation Process 0:81 Artificial Intelligence Tools for Scaling Up of High Shear Wet Granulation Process. 27816264 3 22 theme programing 709:718 arg1 expression 698:707 Gene expression programing 693:718 Gene expression programing 693:718 Gene expression programing allowed the modeling of the granulation process for granulators of similar and dissimilar geometries and can be improved by implementing additional characteristics of the process, as composition variables or operation parameters (e.g., batch size, chopper speed). 27816264 3 23 theme composition 903:913 arg1 variables 915:923 composition variables 903:923 composition variables 903:923 Gene expression programing allowed the modeling of the granulation process for granulators of similar and dissimilar geometries and can be improved by implementing additional characteristics of the process, as composition variables or operation parameters (e.g., batch size, chopper speed). 27816264 3 23 theme composition 903:913 arg1 characteristics 868:882 additional characteristics 857:882 additional characteristics of the process 857:897 Gene expression programing allowed the modeling of the granulation process for granulators of similar and dissimilar geometries and can be improved by implementing additional characteristics of the process, as composition variables or operation parameters (e.g., batch size, chopper speed). 27816264 0 24 theme Artificial 0:9 arg1 Tools 24:28 Artificial Intelligence Tools 0:28 Artificial Intelligence Tools for Scaling Up of High Shear Wet Granulation Process 0:81 Artificial Intelligence Tools for Scaling Up of High Shear Wet Granulation Process. 27816264 1 25 theme scales 281:286 arg1 granulators 256:266 high-speed mixer granulators 239:266 high-speed mixer granulators of different scales from 25L to 600L 239:303 The results presented in this article demonstrate the potential of artificial intelligence tools for predicting the endpoint of the granulation process in high-speed mixer granulators of different scales from 25L to 600L. 27816264 2 26 theme predictability 640:653 arg1 equation 603:610 a unique experimental polynomial equation 570:610 a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment 570:690 The combination of neurofuzzy logic and gene expression programing technologies allowed the modeling of the impeller power as a function of operation conditions and wet granule properties, establishing the critical variables that affect the response and obtaining a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment. 27816264 2 26 theme predictability 640:653 arg1 model 625:629 transparent model 613:629 transparent model 613:629 The combination of neurofuzzy logic and gene expression programing technologies allowed the modeling of the impeller power as a function of operation conditions and wet granule properties, establishing the critical variables that affect the response and obtaining a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment. 27816264 3 27 theme granulation 748:758 arg1 process 760:766 the granulation process 744:766 the granulation process 744:766 Gene expression programing allowed the modeling of the granulation process for granulators of similar and dissimilar geometries and can be improved by implementing additional characteristics of the process, as composition variables or operation parameters (e.g., batch size, chopper speed). 27816264 2 28 theme gene 346:349 arg1 expression 351:360 gene expression 346:360 gene expression 346:360 The combination of neurofuzzy logic and gene expression programing technologies allowed the modeling of the impeller power as a function of operation conditions and wet granule properties, establishing the critical variables that affect the response and obtaining a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment. 27816264 3 29 theme operation 928:936 arg1 parameters 938:947 operation parameters 928:947 operation parameters (e.g., batch size, chopper speed) 928:981 Gene expression programing allowed the modeling of the granulation process for granulators of similar and dissimilar geometries and can be improved by implementing additional characteristics of the process, as composition variables or operation parameters (e.g., batch size, chopper speed). 27816264 3 29 theme operation 928:936 arg1 characteristics 868:882 additional characteristics 857:882 additional characteristics of the process 857:897 Gene expression programing allowed the modeling of the granulation process for granulators of similar and dissimilar geometries and can be improved by implementing additional characteristics of the process, as composition variables or operation parameters (e.g., batch size, chopper speed). 27816264 3 29 theme operation 928:936 arg1 speed 976:980 chopper speed 968:980 chopper speed 968:980 Gene expression programing allowed the modeling of the granulation process for granulators of similar and dissimilar geometries and can be improved by implementing additional characteristics of the process, as composition variables or operation parameters (e.g., batch size, chopper speed). 27816264 2 30 theme power 423:427 arg1 modeling 398:405 the modeling 394:405 the modeling of the impeller power 394:427 The combination of neurofuzzy logic and gene expression programing technologies allowed the modeling of the impeller power as a function of operation conditions and wet granule properties, establishing the critical variables that affect the response and obtaining a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment. 27816264 2 30 theme power 423:427 arg1 properties 483:492 wet granule properties 471:492 wet granule properties 471:492 The combination of neurofuzzy logic and gene expression programing technologies allowed the modeling of the impeller power as a function of operation conditions and wet granule properties, establishing the critical variables that affect the response and obtaining a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment. 27816264 2 30 theme power 423:427 arg1 function 434:441 a function 432:441 a function of operation conditions 432:465 The combination of neurofuzzy logic and gene expression programing technologies allowed the modeling of the impeller power as a function of operation conditions and wet granule properties, establishing the critical variables that affect the response and obtaining a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment. 27816264 2 31 theme granule 475:481 arg1 modeling 398:405 the modeling 394:405 the modeling of the impeller power 394:427 The combination of neurofuzzy logic and gene expression programing technologies allowed the modeling of the impeller power as a function of operation conditions and wet granule properties, establishing the critical variables that affect the response and obtaining a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment. 27816264 2 31 theme granule 475:481 arg1 properties 483:492 wet granule properties 471:492 wet granule properties 471:492 The combination of neurofuzzy logic and gene expression programing technologies allowed the modeling of the impeller power as a function of operation conditions and wet granule properties, establishing the critical variables that affect the response and obtaining a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment. 27816264 2 32 theme impeller 414:421 arg1 power 423:427 the impeller power 410:427 the impeller power 410:427 The combination of neurofuzzy logic and gene expression programing technologies allowed the modeling of the impeller power as a function of operation conditions and wet granule properties, establishing the critical variables that affect the response and obtaining a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment. 27816264 0 33 theme Scaling 34:40 arg1 Up 42:43 Scaling Up 34:43 Scaling Up of High Shear Wet Granulation Process 34:81 Artificial Intelligence Tools for Scaling Up of High Shear Wet Granulation Process. 27816264 2 34 theme wet 471:473 arg1 modeling 398:405 the modeling 394:405 the modeling of the impeller power 394:427 The combination of neurofuzzy logic and gene expression programing technologies allowed the modeling of the impeller power as a function of operation conditions and wet granule properties, establishing the critical variables that affect the response and obtaining a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment. 27816264 2 34 theme wet 471:473 arg1 properties 483:492 wet granule properties 471:492 wet granule properties 471:492 The combination of neurofuzzy logic and gene expression programing technologies allowed the modeling of the impeller power as a function of operation conditions and wet granule properties, establishing the critical variables that affect the response and obtaining a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment. 27816264 0 35 theme High 48:51 arg1 Process 75:81 High Shear Wet Granulation Process 48:81 High Shear Wet Granulation Process 48:81 Artificial Intelligence Tools for Scaling Up of High Shear Wet Granulation Process. 27816264 2 36 theme polynomial 592:601 arg1 equation 603:610 a unique experimental polynomial equation 570:610 a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment 570:690 The combination of neurofuzzy logic and gene expression programing technologies allowed the modeling of the impeller power as a function of operation conditions and wet granule properties, establishing the critical variables that affect the response and obtaining a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment. 27816264 2 36 theme polynomial 592:601 arg1 model 625:629 transparent model 613:629 transparent model 613:629 The combination of neurofuzzy logic and gene expression programing technologies allowed the modeling of the impeller power as a function of operation conditions and wet granule properties, establishing the critical variables that affect the response and obtaining a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment. 27816264 3 37 theme batch 956:960 arg1 size 962:965 batch size 956:965 batch size 956:965 Gene expression programing allowed the modeling of the granulation process for granulators of similar and dissimilar geometries and can be improved by implementing additional characteristics of the process, as composition variables or operation parameters (e.g., batch size, chopper speed). 27816264 2 38 theme conditions 456:465 arg1 modeling 398:405 the modeling 394:405 the modeling of the impeller power 394:427 The combination of neurofuzzy logic and gene expression programing technologies allowed the modeling of the impeller power as a function of operation conditions and wet granule properties, establishing the critical variables that affect the response and obtaining a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment. 27816264 2 38 theme conditions 456:465 arg1 properties 483:492 wet granule properties 471:492 wet granule properties 471:492 The combination of neurofuzzy logic and gene expression programing technologies allowed the modeling of the impeller power as a function of operation conditions and wet granule properties, establishing the critical variables that affect the response and obtaining a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment. 27816264 2 38 theme conditions 456:465 arg1 function 434:441 a function 432:441 a function of operation conditions 432:465 The combination of neurofuzzy logic and gene expression programing technologies allowed the modeling of the impeller power as a function of operation conditions and wet granule properties, establishing the critical variables that affect the response and obtaining a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment. 27816264 3 39 theme process 760:766 arg1 modeling 732:739 the modeling 728:739 the modeling of the granulation process 728:766 Gene expression programing allowed the modeling of the granulation process for granulators of similar and dissimilar geometries and can be improved by implementing additional characteristics of the process, as composition variables or operation parameters (e.g., batch size, chopper speed). 27816264 2 40 theme experimental 579:590 arg1 equation 603:610 a unique experimental polynomial equation 570:610 a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment 570:690 The combination of neurofuzzy logic and gene expression programing technologies allowed the modeling of the impeller power as a function of operation conditions and wet granule properties, establishing the critical variables that affect the response and obtaining a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment. 27816264 2 40 theme experimental 579:590 arg1 model 625:629 transparent model 613:629 transparent model 613:629 The combination of neurofuzzy logic and gene expression programing technologies allowed the modeling of the impeller power as a function of operation conditions and wet granule properties, establishing the critical variables that affect the response and obtaining a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment. 27816264 2 41 theme logic 336:340 arg1 combination 310:320 The combination 306:320 The combination of neurofuzzy logic and gene expression programing technologies 306:384 The combination of neurofuzzy logic and gene expression programing technologies allowed the modeling of the impeller power as a function of operation conditions and wet granule properties, establishing the critical variables that affect the response and obtaining a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment. 27816264 3 42 theme additional 857:866 arg1 variables 915:923 composition variables 903:923 composition variables 903:923 Gene expression programing allowed the modeling of the granulation process for granulators of similar and dissimilar geometries and can be improved by implementing additional characteristics of the process, as composition variables or operation parameters (e.g., batch size, chopper speed). 27816264 3 42 theme additional 857:866 arg1 parameters 938:947 operation parameters 928:947 operation parameters (e.g., batch size, chopper speed) 928:981 Gene expression programing allowed the modeling of the granulation process for granulators of similar and dissimilar geometries and can be improved by implementing additional characteristics of the process, as composition variables or operation parameters (e.g., batch size, chopper speed). 27816264 3 42 theme additional 857:866 arg1 characteristics 868:882 additional characteristics 857:882 additional characteristics of the process 857:897 Gene expression programing allowed the modeling of the granulation process for granulators of similar and dissimilar geometries and can be improved by implementing additional characteristics of the process, as composition variables or operation parameters (e.g., batch size, chopper speed). 27816264 2 43 theme unique 572:577 arg1 equation 603:610 a unique experimental polynomial equation 570:610 a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment 570:690 The combination of neurofuzzy logic and gene expression programing technologies allowed the modeling of the impeller power as a function of operation conditions and wet granule properties, establishing the critical variables that affect the response and obtaining a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment. 27816264 2 43 theme unique 572:577 arg1 model 625:629 transparent model 613:629 transparent model 613:629 The combination of neurofuzzy logic and gene expression programing technologies allowed the modeling of the impeller power as a function of operation conditions and wet granule properties, establishing the critical variables that affect the response and obtaining a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment. 27816264 1 44 from endpoint 200:207 arg1 25L 293:295 25L 293:295 25L to 600L 293:303 The results presented in this article demonstrate the potential of artificial intelligence tools for predicting the endpoint of the granulation process in high-speed mixer granulators of different scales from 25L to 600L. 27816264 1 44 from endpoint 200:207 arg1 granulators 256:266 high-speed mixer granulators 239:266 high-speed mixer granulators of different scales from 25L to 600L 239:303 The results presented in this article demonstrate the potential of artificial intelligence tools for predicting the endpoint of the granulation process in high-speed mixer granulators of different scales from 25L to 600L. 27816264 2 45 theme neurofuzzy 325:334 arg1 logic 336:340 neurofuzzy logic 325:340 neurofuzzy logic 325:340 The combination of neurofuzzy logic and gene expression programing technologies allowed the modeling of the impeller power as a function of operation conditions and wet granule properties, establishing the critical variables that affect the response and obtaining a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment. 27816264 1 46 theme granulation 216:226 arg1 process 228:234 the granulation process 212:234 the granulation process 212:234 The results presented in this article demonstrate the potential of artificial intelligence tools for predicting the endpoint of the granulation process in high-speed mixer granulators of different scales from 25L to 600L. 27816264 2 47 theme size 677:680 arg1 equipment 682:690 all size equipment 673:690 all size equipment 673:690 The combination of neurofuzzy logic and gene expression programing technologies allowed the modeling of the impeller power as a function of operation conditions and wet granule properties, establishing the critical variables that affect the response and obtaining a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment. 27816264 2 48 dep allowed 386:392 arg1 establishing 495:506 establishing 495:506 establishing the critical variables that affect the response 495:554 The combination of neurofuzzy logic and gene expression programing technologies allowed the modeling of the impeller power as a function of operation conditions and wet granule properties, establishing the critical variables that affect the response and obtaining a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment. 27816264 2 48 dep allowed 386:392 arg1 obtaining 560:568 obtaining 560:568 obtaining a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment 560:690 The combination of neurofuzzy logic and gene expression programing technologies allowed the modeling of the impeller power as a function of operation conditions and wet granule properties, establishing the critical variables that affect the response and obtaining a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment. 27816264 4 49 theme granulation 1157:1167 arg1 processes 1169:1177 continuous granulation processes 1146:1177 continuous granulation processes 1146:1177 The principles and the methodology proposed here can be applied to understand and control manufacturing process, using any other granulation equipment, including continuous granulation processes. 27816264 2 50 theme programing 362:371 arg1 technologies 373:384 programing technologies 362:384 programing technologies 362:384 The combination of neurofuzzy logic and gene expression programing technologies allowed the modeling of the impeller power as a function of operation conditions and wet granule properties, establishing the critical variables that affect the response and obtaining a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment. 27816264 1 51 theme process 228:234 arg1 endpoint 200:207 the endpoint 196:207 the endpoint of the granulation process in high-speed mixer granulators of different scales from 25L to 600L 196:303 The results presented in this article demonstrate the potential of artificial intelligence tools for predicting the endpoint of the granulation process in high-speed mixer granulators of different scales from 25L to 600L. 27816264 0 52 theme Wet 59:61 arg1 Process 75:81 High Shear Wet Granulation Process 48:81 High Shear Wet Granulation Process 48:81 Artificial Intelligence Tools for Scaling Up of High Shear Wet Granulation Process. 27816264 4 53 theme continuous 1146:1155 arg1 processes 1169:1177 continuous granulation processes 1146:1177 continuous granulation processes 1146:1177 The principles and the methodology proposed here can be applied to understand and control manufacturing process, using any other granulation equipment, including continuous granulation processes. 27816264 4 54 theme manufacturing 1074:1086 arg1 process 1088:1094 manufacturing process 1074:1094 manufacturing process 1074:1094 The principles and the methodology proposed here can be applied to understand and control manufacturing process, using any other granulation equipment, including continuous granulation processes. 27816264 3 55 theme similar 787:793 arg1 geometries 810:819 similar and dissimilar geometries 787:819 similar and dissimilar geometries 787:819 Gene expression programing allowed the modeling of the granulation process for granulators of similar and dissimilar geometries and can be improved by implementing additional characteristics of the process, as composition variables or operation parameters (e.g., batch size, chopper speed). 27816264 0 56 theme Shear 53:57 arg1 Process 75:81 High Shear Wet Granulation Process 48:81 High Shear Wet Granulation Process 48:81 Artificial Intelligence Tools for Scaling Up of High Shear Wet Granulation Process. 27816264 3 57 theme chopper 968:974 arg1 speed 976:980 chopper speed 968:980 chopper speed 968:980 Gene expression programing allowed the modeling of the granulation process for granulators of similar and dissimilar geometries and can be improved by implementing additional characteristics of the process, as composition variables or operation parameters (e.g., batch size, chopper speed). 27816264 3 57 theme chopper 968:974 arg1 parameters 938:947 operation parameters 928:947 operation parameters (e.g., batch size, chopper speed) 928:981 Gene expression programing allowed the modeling of the granulation process for granulators of similar and dissimilar geometries and can be improved by implementing additional characteristics of the process, as composition variables or operation parameters (e.g., batch size, chopper speed). 27816264 2 58 theme operation 446:454 arg1 conditions 456:465 operation conditions 446:465 operation conditions 446:465 The combination of neurofuzzy logic and gene expression programing technologies allowed the modeling of the impeller power as a function of operation conditions and wet granule properties, establishing the critical variables that affect the response and obtaining a unique experimental polynomial equation (transparent model) of high predictability (R2 > 86.78%) for all size equipment. 27816264 3 59 theme process 891:897 arg1 variables 915:923 composition variables 903:923 composition variables 903:923 Gene expression programing allowed the modeling of the granulation process for granulators of similar and dissimilar geometries and can be improved by implementing additional characteristics of the process, as composition variables or operation parameters (e.g., batch size, chopper speed). 27816264 3 59 theme process 891:897 arg1 parameters 938:947 operation parameters 928:947 operation parameters (e.g., batch size, chopper speed) 928:981 Gene expression programing allowed the modeling of the granulation process for granulators of similar and dissimilar geometries and can be improved by implementing additional characteristics of the process, as composition variables or operation parameters (e.g., batch size, chopper speed). 27816264 3 59 theme process 891:897 arg1 characteristics 868:882 additional characteristics 857:882 additional characteristics of the process 857:897 Gene expression programing allowed the modeling of the granulation process for granulators of similar and dissimilar geometries and can be improved by implementing additional characteristics of the process, as composition variables or operation parameters (e.g., batch size, chopper speed). 27816264 1 60 theme high-speed 239:248 arg1 granulators 256:266 high-speed mixer granulators 239:266 high-speed mixer granulators of different scales from 25L to 600L 239:303 The results presented in this article demonstrate the potential of artificial intelligence tools for predicting the endpoint of the granulation process in high-speed mixer granulators of different scales from 25L to 600L. 28960767 3 0 theme inorganic 494:502 arg1 phases 510:515 the organic (GG) and inorganic (HAp) phases 473:515 the organic (GG) and inorganic (HAp) phases of the bone 473:527 Herein, we developed gellan gum (GG)-hydroxyapatite (HAp) spongy-like hydrogels to mimic the organic (GG) and inorganic (HAp) phases of the bone. 28960767 5 1 theme sustained 741:749 arg1 degradation 751:761 sustained degradation 741:761 sustained degradation 741:761 The developed biomaterials showed sustained degradation, high swelling, pore sizes between 200 and 300 μm, high porosity (>90%) and interconnectivity (<60%) that was inversely proportional to the total polymeric amount and to CaCl2 crosslinker. 28960767 6 2 from properties 992:1001 arg1 modulus 1038:1044 a storage modulus 1028:1044 a storage modulus of 40 KPa to 70-80 KPa 1028:1067 CaCl2 and HAp reinforced the mechanical properties of the biomaterials from a storage modulus of 40 KPa to 70-80 KPa. 28960767 6 3 theme biomaterials 1010:1021 arg1 properties 992:1001 the mechanical properties 977:1001 the mechanical properties of the biomaterials from a storage modulus of 40 KPa to 70-80 KPa 977:1067 CaCl2 and HAp reinforced the mechanical properties of the biomaterials from a storage modulus of 40 KPa to 70-80 KPa. 28960767 2 4 theme cell 326:329 arg1 performance 331:341 cell performance 326:341 cell performance 326:341 Despite promising, the combination of sustained biodegradability, mechanical strength, and biocompatibility in a unique biomaterial that can also support cell performance and bone formation in vivo is demanding. 28960767 10 5 dep 106A 1556:1559 arg1 479-490 1562:1568 479-490 1562:1568 479-490 1562:1568 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 479-490, 2018. 28960767 3 6 theme bone 524:527 arg1 phases 510:515 the organic (GG) and inorganic (HAp) phases 473:515 the organic (GG) and inorganic (HAp) phases of the bone 473:527 Herein, we developed gellan gum (GG)-hydroxyapatite (HAp) spongy-like hydrogels to mimic the organic (GG) and inorganic (HAp) phases of the bone. 28960767 10 7 theme Part 1548:1551 arg1 A 1553:1553 Part A 1548:1553 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 479-490, 2018. 1529:1575 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 479-490, 2018. 28960767 1 8 theme Osteoinductive 87:100 arg1 biomaterials 102:113 Osteoinductive biomaterials 87:113 Osteoinductive biomaterials 87:113 Osteoinductive biomaterials represent a promising approach to advance bone grafting. 28960767 3 9 theme spongy-like 442:452 arg1 hydrogels 454:462 gellan gum (GG)-hydroxyapatite (HAp) spongy-like hydrogels 405:462 gellan gum (GG)-hydroxyapatite (HAp) spongy-like hydrogels 405:462 Herein, we developed gellan gum (GG)-hydroxyapatite (HAp) spongy-like hydrogels to mimic the organic (GG) and inorganic (HAp) phases of the bone. 28960767 5 10 theme total 903:907 arg1 amount 919:924 the total polymeric amount 899:924 the total polymeric amount 899:924 The developed biomaterials showed sustained degradation, high swelling, pore sizes between 200 and 300 μm, high porosity (>90%) and interconnectivity (<60%) that was inversely proportional to the total polymeric amount and to CaCl2 crosslinker. 28960767 5 11 theme high 814:817 arg1 porosity 819:826 high porosity 814:826 high porosity (>90%) 814:833 The developed biomaterials showed sustained degradation, high swelling, pore sizes between 200 and 300 μm, high porosity (>90%) and interconnectivity (<60%) that was inversely proportional to the total polymeric amount and to CaCl2 crosslinker. 28960767 5 11 theme high 814:817 arg1 % 832:832 >90% 829:832 >90% 829:832 The developed biomaterials showed sustained degradation, high swelling, pore sizes between 200 and 300 μm, high porosity (>90%) and interconnectivity (<60%) that was inversely proportional to the total polymeric amount and to CaCl2 crosslinker. 28960767 5 12 theme developed 711:719 arg1 biomaterials 721:732 The developed biomaterials 707:732 The developed biomaterials 707:732 The developed biomaterials showed sustained degradation, high swelling, pore sizes between 200 and 300 μm, high porosity (>90%) and interconnectivity (<60%) that was inversely proportional to the total polymeric amount and to CaCl2 crosslinker. 28960767 3 13 dep inorganic 494:502 arg1 HAp 505:507 HAp 505:507 HAp 505:507 Herein, we developed gellan gum (GG)-hydroxyapatite (HAp) spongy-like hydrogels to mimic the organic (GG) and inorganic (HAp) phases of the bone. 28960767 5 14 theme pore 779:782 arg1 sizes 784:788 pore sizes 779:788 pore sizes between 200 and 300 μm 779:811 The developed biomaterials showed sustained degradation, high swelling, pore sizes between 200 and 300 μm, high porosity (>90%) and interconnectivity (<60%) that was inversely proportional to the total polymeric amount and to CaCl2 crosslinker. 28960767 8 15 theme bone 1438:1441 arg1 cells 1443:1447 bone cells 1438:1447 bone cells performance 1438:1459 Overall, the possibility to tailor spongy-like hydrogels properties by including calcium as a crosslinker and by varying the amount of HAp will further contribute to understand how these features influence bone cells performance in vitro and bone formation in vivo. 28960767 2 16 theme bone 347:350 arg1 formation 352:360 bone formation 347:360 bone formation 347:360 Despite promising, the combination of sustained biodegradability, mechanical strength, and biocompatibility in a unique biomaterial that can also support cell performance and bone formation in vivo is demanding. 28960767 6 17 theme mechanical 981:990 arg1 properties 992:1001 the mechanical properties 977:1001 the mechanical properties of the biomaterials from a storage modulus of 40 KPa to 70-80 KPa 977:1067 CaCl2 and HAp reinforced the mechanical properties of the biomaterials from a storage modulus of 40 KPa to 70-80 KPa. 28960767 0 18 theme spongy-like 36:46 arg1 hydrogels 48:56 composite spongy-like hydrogels 26:56 composite spongy-like hydrogels for bone tissue engineering 26:84 Gellan gum-hydroxyapatite composite spongy-like hydrogels for bone tissue engineering. 28960767 7 19 theme culture 1223:1229 arg1 days 1215:1218 21 days 1212:1218 21 days of culture 1212:1229 This study also showed that HAp and CaCl2 favored the bioactivity and that cells were able to adhere and spread within the biomaterials up to 21 days of culture. 28960767 1 20 theme promising 127:135 arg1 approach 137:144 a promising approach 125:144 a promising approach to advance bone grafting 125:169 Osteoinductive biomaterials represent a promising approach to advance bone grafting. 28960767 8 21 theme hydrogels 1279:1287 arg1 properties 1289:1298 spongy-like hydrogels properties 1267:1298 spongy-like hydrogels properties 1267:1298 Overall, the possibility to tailor spongy-like hydrogels properties by including calcium as a crosslinker and by varying the amount of HAp will further contribute to understand how these features influence bone cells performance in vitro and bone formation in vivo. 28960767 0 22 theme composite 26:34 arg1 hydrogels 48:56 composite spongy-like hydrogels 26:56 composite spongy-like hydrogels for bone tissue engineering 26:84 Gellan gum-hydroxyapatite composite spongy-like hydrogels for bone tissue engineering. 28960767 2 23 theme sustained 210:218 arg1 biodegradability 220:235 sustained biodegradability 210:235 sustained biodegradability 210:235 Despite promising, the combination of sustained biodegradability, mechanical strength, and biocompatibility in a unique biomaterial that can also support cell performance and bone formation in vivo is demanding. 28960767 3 24 theme organic 477:483 arg1 phases 510:515 the organic (GG) and inorganic (HAp) phases 473:515 the organic (GG) and inorganic (HAp) phases of the bone 473:527 Herein, we developed gellan gum (GG)-hydroxyapatite (HAp) spongy-like hydrogels to mimic the organic (GG) and inorganic (HAp) phases of the bone. 28960767 8 25 theme cells 1443:1447 arg1 performance 1449:1459 bone cells performance 1438:1459 bone cells performance 1438:1459 Overall, the possibility to tailor spongy-like hydrogels properties by including calcium as a crosslinker and by varying the amount of HAp will further contribute to understand how these features influence bone cells performance in vitro and bone formation in vivo. 28960767 10 26 dep Res 1544:1546 arg1 106A 1556:1559 106A 1556:1559 106A 1556:1559 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 479-490, 2018. 28960767 10 26 dep Res 1544:1546 arg1 A 1553:1553 Part A 1548:1553 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 479-490, 2018. 1529:1575 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 479-490, 2018. 28960767 5 27 theme CaCl2 933:937 arg1 crosslinker 939:949 CaCl2 crosslinker 933:949 CaCl2 crosslinker 933:949 The developed biomaterials showed sustained degradation, high swelling, pore sizes between 200 and 300 μm, high porosity (>90%) and interconnectivity (<60%) that was inversely proportional to the total polymeric amount and to CaCl2 crosslinker. 28960767 9 28 dep © 1498:1498 arg1 Inc. 1524:1527 Inc. 1524:1527 Inc. 1524:1527 © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 28960767 8 29 dep tailor 1260:1265 arg1 varying 1345:1351 varying 1345:1351 varying the amount of HAp 1345:1369 Overall, the possibility to tailor spongy-like hydrogels properties by including calcium as a crosslinker and by varying the amount of HAp will further contribute to understand how these features influence bone cells performance in vitro and bone formation in vivo. 28960767 8 29 dep tailor 1260:1265 arg1 including 1303:1311 including 1303:1311 including calcium as a crosslinker 1303:1336 Overall, the possibility to tailor spongy-like hydrogels properties by including calcium as a crosslinker and by varying the amount of HAp will further contribute to understand how these features influence bone cells performance in vitro and bone formation in vivo. 28960767 2 30 theme biocompatibility 263:278 arg1 combination 195:205 the combination 191:205 the combination of sustained biodegradability, mechanical strength, and biocompatibility in a unique biomaterial that can also support cell performance and bone formation in vivo 191:368 Despite promising, the combination of sustained biodegradability, mechanical strength, and biocompatibility in a unique biomaterial that can also support cell performance and bone formation in vivo is demanding. 28960767 0 31 theme tissue 67:72 arg1 engineering 74:84 bone tissue engineering 62:84 bone tissue engineering 62:84 Gellan gum-hydroxyapatite composite spongy-like hydrogels for bone tissue engineering. 28960767 7 32 dep days 1215:1218 arg1 up 1206:1207 up 1206:1207 up 1206:1207 This study also showed that HAp and CaCl2 favored the bioactivity and that cells were able to adhere and spread within the biomaterials up to 21 days of culture. 28960767 6 33 from modulus 1038:1044 arg1 properties 992:1001 the mechanical properties 977:1001 the mechanical properties of the biomaterials from a storage modulus of 40 KPa to 70-80 KPa 977:1067 CaCl2 and HAp reinforced the mechanical properties of the biomaterials from a storage modulus of 40 KPa to 70-80 KPa. 28960767 6 33 from modulus 1038:1044 arg1 biomaterials 1010:1021 the biomaterials 1006:1021 the biomaterials from a storage modulus of 40 KPa to 70-80 KPa 1006:1067 CaCl2 and HAp reinforced the mechanical properties of the biomaterials from a storage modulus of 40 KPa to 70-80 KPa. 28960767 6 34 theme KPa 1052:1054 arg1 modulus 1038:1044 a storage modulus 1028:1044 a storage modulus of 40 KPa to 70-80 KPa 1028:1067 CaCl2 and HAp reinforced the mechanical properties of the biomaterials from a storage modulus of 40 KPa to 70-80 KPa. 28960767 0 35 theme bone 62:65 arg1 engineering 74:84 bone tissue engineering 62:84 bone tissue engineering 62:84 Gellan gum-hydroxyapatite composite spongy-like hydrogels for bone tissue engineering. 28960767 8 36 theme bone 1474:1477 arg1 formation 1479:1487 bone formation 1474:1487 bone formation 1474:1487 Overall, the possibility to tailor spongy-like hydrogels properties by including calcium as a crosslinker and by varying the amount of HAp will further contribute to understand how these features influence bone cells performance in vitro and bone formation in vivo. 28960767 2 37 theme strength 249:256 arg1 combination 195:205 the combination 191:205 the combination of sustained biodegradability, mechanical strength, and biocompatibility in a unique biomaterial that can also support cell performance and bone formation in vivo 191:368 Despite promising, the combination of sustained biodegradability, mechanical strength, and biocompatibility in a unique biomaterial that can also support cell performance and bone formation in vivo is demanding. 28960767 4 38 theme biomaterials 675:686 arg1 thermostability 652:666 the thermostability 648:666 the thermostability of the biomaterials 648:686 HAp was successfully introduced within the GG polymeric networks, as determined by FTIR and XRD, without compromising the thermostability of the biomaterials, as showed by TGA. 28960767 2 39 theme mechanical 238:247 arg1 strength 249:256 mechanical strength 238:256 mechanical strength 238:256 Despite promising, the combination of sustained biodegradability, mechanical strength, and biocompatibility in a unique biomaterial that can also support cell performance and bone formation in vivo is demanding. 28960767 5 40 theme polymeric 909:917 arg1 amount 919:924 the total polymeric amount 899:924 the total polymeric amount 899:924 The developed biomaterials showed sustained degradation, high swelling, pore sizes between 200 and 300 μm, high porosity (>90%) and interconnectivity (<60%) that was inversely proportional to the total polymeric amount and to CaCl2 crosslinker. 28960767 8 41 theme spongy-like 1267:1277 arg1 properties 1289:1298 spongy-like hydrogels properties 1267:1298 spongy-like hydrogels properties 1267:1298 Overall, the possibility to tailor spongy-like hydrogels properties by including calcium as a crosslinker and by varying the amount of HAp will further contribute to understand how these features influence bone cells performance in vitro and bone formation in vivo. 28960767 1 42 theme bone 157:160 arg1 grafting 162:169 bone grafting 157:169 bone grafting 157:169 Osteoinductive biomaterials represent a promising approach to advance bone grafting. 28960767 8 43 theme HAp 1367:1369 arg1 amount 1357:1362 the amount 1353:1362 the amount of HAp 1353:1369 Overall, the possibility to tailor spongy-like hydrogels properties by including calcium as a crosslinker and by varying the amount of HAp will further contribute to understand how these features influence bone cells performance in vitro and bone formation in vivo. 28960767 8 43 theme HAp 1367:1369 arg1 HAp 1367:1369 HAp 1367:1369 HAp 1367:1369 Overall, the possibility to tailor spongy-like hydrogels properties by including calcium as a crosslinker and by varying the amount of HAp will further contribute to understand how these features influence bone cells performance in vitro and bone formation in vivo. 28960767 4 44 theme polymeric 576:584 arg1 networks 586:593 the GG polymeric networks 569:593 the GG polymeric networks 569:593 HAp was successfully introduced within the GG polymeric networks, as determined by FTIR and XRD, without compromising the thermostability of the biomaterials, as showed by TGA. 28960767 2 45 from combination 195:205 arg1 biomaterial 292:302 a unique biomaterial 283:302 a unique biomaterial that can also support cell performance and bone formation in vivo 283:368 Despite promising, the combination of sustained biodegradability, mechanical strength, and biocompatibility in a unique biomaterial that can also support cell performance and bone formation in vivo is demanding. 28960767 2 46 theme biodegradability 220:235 arg1 combination 195:205 the combination 191:205 the combination of sustained biodegradability, mechanical strength, and biocompatibility in a unique biomaterial that can also support cell performance and bone formation in vivo 191:368 Despite promising, the combination of sustained biodegradability, mechanical strength, and biocompatibility in a unique biomaterial that can also support cell performance and bone formation in vivo is demanding. 28960767 2 47 theme unique 285:290 arg1 biomaterial 292:302 a unique biomaterial 283:302 a unique biomaterial that can also support cell performance and bone formation in vivo 283:368 Despite promising, the combination of sustained biodegradability, mechanical strength, and biocompatibility in a unique biomaterial that can also support cell performance and bone formation in vivo is demanding. 28960767 6 48 theme storage 1030:1036 arg1 modulus 1038:1044 a storage modulus 1028:1044 a storage modulus of 40 KPa to 70-80 KPa 1028:1067 CaCl2 and HAp reinforced the mechanical properties of the biomaterials from a storage modulus of 40 KPa to 70-80 KPa. 28960767 5 49 theme high 764:767 arg1 swelling 769:776 high swelling 764:776 high swelling 764:776 The developed biomaterials showed sustained degradation, high swelling, pore sizes between 200 and 300 μm, high porosity (>90%) and interconnectivity (<60%) that was inversely proportional to the total polymeric amount and to CaCl2 crosslinker. 28960767 3 50 dep organic 477:483 arg1 GG 486:487 GG 486:487 GG 486:487 Herein, we developed gellan gum (GG)-hydroxyapatite (HAp) spongy-like hydrogels to mimic the organic (GG) and inorganic (HAp) phases of the bone. 27561529 2 0 theme prepared 364:371 arg1 composites 373:382 the prepared composites 360:382 the prepared composites 360:382 Chemical characteristics and thermal stability of the prepared composites were determined by FT-IR, TGA, DTA and, DSC, respectively. 27561529 0 1 theme carrier 63:69 arg1 matrix 71:76 carrier matrix 63:76 carrier matrix for l-asparaginase immobilization 63:110 Design of starch functionalized biodegradable P(MAA-co-MMA) as carrier matrix for l-asparaginase immobilization. 27561529 7 2 theme pH 918:919 arg1 stability 921:929 thermal and pH stability 906:929 stability 921:929 The immobilized l-ASNase had better showed thermal and pH stability, and remained stable after 30days of storage at 25°C. Thus, based on the findings of the present work, the P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composite can be exploited as the biocompatible matrix used for l-ASNase immobilization for medical applications due to biocompatibility and biodegradability. 27561529 1 3 theme -starch 152:158 arg1 composite 160:168 biodegradable P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composite 125:168 biodegradable P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composite 125:168 We prepared biodegradable P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composite as carrier matrix for the immobilization of l-asparaginase (l-ASNase), an important chemotherapeutic agent in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 27561529 0 4 theme l-asparaginase 82:95 arg1 immobilization 97:110 l-asparaginase immobilization 82:110 l-asparaginase immobilization 82:110 Design of starch functionalized biodegradable P(MAA-co-MMA) as carrier matrix for l-asparaginase immobilization. 27561529 7 5 dep showed 899:904 arg1 had 888:890 had 888:890 had 888:890 The immobilized l-ASNase had better showed thermal and pH stability, and remained stable after 30days of storage at 25°C. Thus, based on the findings of the present work, the P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composite can be exploited as the biocompatible matrix used for l-ASNase immobilization for medical applications due to biocompatibility and biodegradability. 27561529 1 6 theme important 244:252 arg1 agent 271:275 an important chemotherapeutic agent 241:275 an important chemotherapeutic agent in acute lymphoblastic leukemia 241:307 We prepared biodegradable P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composite as carrier matrix for the immobilization of l-asparaginase (l-ASNase), an important chemotherapeutic agent in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 27561529 1 6 theme important 244:252 arg1 l-asparaginase 214:227 l-asparaginase 214:227 l-asparaginase (l-ASNase) 214:238 We prepared biodegradable P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composite as carrier matrix for the immobilization of l-asparaginase (l-ASNase), an important chemotherapeutic agent in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 27561529 6 7 theme free 850:853 arg1 enzyme 855:860 the free enzyme 846:860 the free enzyme 846:860 The properties of the immobilized l-ASNase were investigated and compared with the free enzyme. 27561529 7 8 theme thermal 906:912 arg1 stability 921:929 thermal and pH stability 906:929 stability 921:929 The immobilized l-ASNase had better showed thermal and pH stability, and remained stable after 30days of storage at 25°C. Thus, based on the findings of the present work, the P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composite can be exploited as the biocompatible matrix used for l-ASNase immobilization for medical applications due to biocompatibility and biodegradability. 27561529 7 9 theme medical 1151:1157 arg1 applications 1159:1170 medical applications 1151:1170 medical applications due to biocompatibility and biodegradability 1151:1215 The immobilized l-ASNase had better showed thermal and pH stability, and remained stable after 30days of storage at 25°C. Thus, based on the findings of the present work, the P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composite can be exploited as the biocompatible matrix used for l-ASNase immobilization for medical applications due to biocompatibility and biodegradability. 27561529 1 10 theme chemotherapeutic 254:269 arg1 agent 271:275 an important chemotherapeutic agent 241:275 an important chemotherapeutic agent in acute lymphoblastic leukemia 241:307 We prepared biodegradable P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composite as carrier matrix for the immobilization of l-asparaginase (l-ASNase), an important chemotherapeutic agent in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 27561529 1 10 theme chemotherapeutic 254:269 arg1 l-asparaginase 214:227 l-asparaginase 214:227 l-asparaginase (l-ASNase) 214:238 We prepared biodegradable P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composite as carrier matrix for the immobilization of l-asparaginase (l-ASNase), an important chemotherapeutic agent in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 27561529 7 11 theme present 1020:1026 arg1 work 1028:1031 the present work 1016:1031 the present work 1016:1031 The immobilized l-ASNase had better showed thermal and pH stability, and remained stable after 30days of storage at 25°C. Thus, based on the findings of the present work, the P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composite can be exploited as the biocompatible matrix used for l-ASNase immobilization for medical applications due to biocompatibility and biodegradability. 27561529 7 12 from 30days 958:963 arg1 25°C. 979:983 25°C. 979:983 25°C. 979:983 The immobilized l-ASNase had better showed thermal and pH stability, and remained stable after 30days of storage at 25°C. Thus, based on the findings of the present work, the P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composite can be exploited as the biocompatible matrix used for l-ASNase immobilization for medical applications due to biocompatibility and biodegradability. 27561529 7 13 dep 30days 958:963 arg1 exploited 1076:1084 exploited 1076:1084 can be exploited as the biocompatible matrix used for l-ASNase immobilization for medical applications due to biocompatibility and biodegradability 1069:1215 The immobilized l-ASNase had better showed thermal and pH stability, and remained stable after 30days of storage at 25°C. Thus, based on the findings of the present work, the P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composite can be exploited as the biocompatible matrix used for l-ASNase immobilization for medical applications due to biocompatibility and biodegradability. 27561529 7 14 theme biocompatible 1093:1105 arg1 matrix 1107:1112 the biocompatible matrix 1089:1112 the biocompatible matrix used for l-ASNase immobilization for medical applications due to biocompatibility and biodegradability 1089:1215 The immobilized l-ASNase had better showed thermal and pH stability, and remained stable after 30days of storage at 25°C. Thus, based on the findings of the present work, the P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composite can be exploited as the biocompatible matrix used for l-ASNase immobilization for medical applications due to biocompatibility and biodegradability. 27561529 7 14 theme biocompatible 1093:1105 arg1 composite 1059:1067 the P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composite 1034:1067 the P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composite 1034:1067 The immobilized l-ASNase had better showed thermal and pH stability, and remained stable after 30days of storage at 25°C. Thus, based on the findings of the present work, the P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composite can be exploited as the biocompatible matrix used for l-ASNase immobilization for medical applications due to biocompatibility and biodegradability. 27561529 7 15 theme work 1028:1031 arg1 findings 1004:1011 the findings 1000:1011 the findings of the present work 1000:1031 The immobilized l-ASNase had better showed thermal and pH stability, and remained stable after 30days of storage at 25°C. Thus, based on the findings of the present work, the P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composite can be exploited as the biocompatible matrix used for l-ASNase immobilization for medical applications due to biocompatibility and biodegradability. 27561529 7 16 theme l-ASNase 1123:1130 arg1 immobilization 1132:1145 l-ASNase immobilization 1123:1145 l-ASNase immobilization for medical applications due to biocompatibility and biodegradability 1123:1215 The immobilized l-ASNase had better showed thermal and pH stability, and remained stable after 30days of storage at 25°C. Thus, based on the findings of the present work, the P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composite can be exploited as the biocompatible matrix used for l-ASNase immobilization for medical applications due to biocompatibility and biodegradability. 27561529 1 17 from agent 271:275 arg1 leukemia 300:307 acute lymphoblastic leukemia 280:307 acute lymphoblastic leukemia 280:307 We prepared biodegradable P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composite as carrier matrix for the immobilization of l-asparaginase (l-ASNase), an important chemotherapeutic agent in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 27561529 1 18 theme carrier 173:179 arg1 matrix 181:186 carrier matrix 173:186 carrier matrix for the immobilization of l-asparaginase (l-ASNase), an important chemotherapeutic agent in acute lymphoblastic leukemia 173:307 We prepared biodegradable P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composite as carrier matrix for the immobilization of l-asparaginase (l-ASNase), an important chemotherapeutic agent in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 27561529 2 19 theme Chemical 310:317 arg1 characteristics 319:333 Chemical characteristics 310:333 Chemical characteristics 310:333 Chemical characteristics and thermal stability of the prepared composites were determined by FT-IR, TGA, DTA and, DSC, respectively. 27561529 5 20 theme surface 659:665 arg1 morphology 667:676 The surface morphology 655:676 The surface morphology of the composite before and after immobilization 655:725 The surface morphology of the composite before and after immobilization was characterized by SEM, EDX, and AFM. 27561529 0 21 theme starch 10:15 arg1 Design 0:5 Design 0:5 Design of starch 0:15 Design of starch functionalized biodegradable P(MAA-co-MMA) as carrier matrix for l-asparaginase immobilization. 27561529 1 22 theme acute 280:284 arg1 leukemia 300:307 acute lymphoblastic leukemia 280:307 acute lymphoblastic leukemia 280:307 We prepared biodegradable P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composite as carrier matrix for the immobilization of l-asparaginase (l-ASNase), an important chemotherapeutic agent in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 27561529 3 23 theme biodegradability 449:464 arg1 measurements 466:477 biodegradability measurements 449:477 biodegradability measurements of P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composites 449:512 Also, biodegradability measurements of P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composites were carried out to examine the effects of degradation of the starch. 27561529 7 24 theme -starch 1051:1057 arg1 matrix 1107:1112 the biocompatible matrix 1089:1112 the biocompatible matrix used for l-ASNase immobilization for medical applications due to biocompatibility and biodegradability 1089:1215 The immobilized l-ASNase had better showed thermal and pH stability, and remained stable after 30days of storage at 25°C. Thus, based on the findings of the present work, the P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composite can be exploited as the biocompatible matrix used for l-ASNase immobilization for medical applications due to biocompatibility and biodegradability. 27561529 7 24 theme -starch 1051:1057 arg1 composite 1059:1067 the P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composite 1034:1067 the P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composite 1034:1067 The immobilized l-ASNase had better showed thermal and pH stability, and remained stable after 30days of storage at 25°C. Thus, based on the findings of the present work, the P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composite can be exploited as the biocompatible matrix used for l-ASNase immobilization for medical applications due to biocompatibility and biodegradability. 27561529 1 25 theme lymphoblastic 286:298 arg1 leukemia 300:307 acute lymphoblastic leukemia 280:307 acute lymphoblastic leukemia 280:307 We prepared biodegradable P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composite as carrier matrix for the immobilization of l-asparaginase (l-ASNase), an important chemotherapeutic agent in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 27561529 7 26 theme due 1172:1174 arg1 applications 1159:1170 medical applications 1151:1170 medical applications due to biocompatibility and biodegradability 1151:1215 The immobilized l-ASNase had better showed thermal and pH stability, and remained stable after 30days of storage at 25°C. Thus, based on the findings of the present work, the P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composite can be exploited as the biocompatible matrix used for l-ASNase immobilization for medical applications due to biocompatibility and biodegradability. 27561529 0 27 theme biodegradable 32:44 arg1 P 46:46 biodegradable P 32:46 biodegradable P(MAA-co-MMA) 32:58 Design of starch functionalized biodegradable P(MAA-co-MMA) as carrier matrix for l-asparaginase immobilization. 27561529 0 27 theme biodegradable 32:44 arg1 MAA-co-MMA 48:57 MAA-co-MMA 48:57 MAA-co-MMA 48:57 Design of starch functionalized biodegradable P(MAA-co-MMA) as carrier matrix for l-asparaginase immobilization. 27561529 3 28 theme starch 576:581 arg1 degradation 557:567 degradation 557:567 degradation of the starch 557:581 Also, biodegradability measurements of P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composites were carried out to examine the effects of degradation of the starch. 27561529 5 29 theme composite 685:693 arg1 morphology 667:676 The surface morphology 655:676 The surface morphology of the composite before and after immobilization 655:725 The surface morphology of the composite before and after immobilization was characterized by SEM, EDX, and AFM. 27561529 6 30 theme l-ASNase 801:808 arg1 properties 771:780 The properties 767:780 The properties of the immobilized l-ASNase 767:808 The properties of the immobilized l-ASNase were investigated and compared with the free enzyme. 27561529 3 31 theme degradation 557:567 arg1 effects 546:552 the effects 542:552 the effects of degradation of the starch 542:581 Also, biodegradability measurements of P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composites were carried out to examine the effects of degradation of the starch. 27561529 7 32 theme storage 968:974 arg1 30days 958:963 30days 958:963 30days of storage at 25°C. Thus, based on the findings of the present work, the P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composite can be exploited as the biocompatible matrix used for l-ASNase immobilization for medical applications due to biocompatibility and biodegradability 958:1215 The immobilized l-ASNase had better showed thermal and pH stability, and remained stable after 30days of storage at 25°C. Thus, based on the findings of the present work, the P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composite can be exploited as the biocompatible matrix used for l-ASNase immobilization for medical applications due to biocompatibility and biodegradability. 27561529 2 33 theme composites 373:382 arg1 stability 347:355 thermal stability 339:355 thermal stability 339:355 Chemical characteristics and thermal stability of the prepared composites were determined by FT-IR, TGA, DTA and, DSC, respectively. 27561529 2 33 theme composites 373:382 arg1 characteristics 319:333 Chemical characteristics 310:333 Chemical characteristics 310:333 Chemical characteristics and thermal stability of the prepared composites were determined by FT-IR, TGA, DTA and, DSC, respectively. 27561529 6 34 theme immobilized 789:799 arg1 l-ASNase 801:808 the immobilized l-ASNase 785:808 the immobilized l-ASNase 785:808 The properties of the immobilized l-ASNase were investigated and compared with the free enzyme. 27561529 2 35 theme thermal 339:345 arg1 stability 347:355 thermal stability 339:355 thermal stability 339:355 Chemical characteristics and thermal stability of the prepared composites were determined by FT-IR, TGA, DTA and, DSC, respectively. 27561529 7 36 theme immobilized 867:877 arg1 l-ASNase 879:886 The immobilized l-ASNase 863:886 The immobilized l-ASNase 863:886 The immobilized l-ASNase had better showed thermal and pH stability, and remained stable after 30days of storage at 25°C. Thus, based on the findings of the present work, the P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composite can be exploited as the biocompatible matrix used for l-ASNase immobilization for medical applications due to biocompatibility and biodegradability. 27561529 1 37 theme l-asparaginase 214:227 arg1 immobilization 196:209 the immobilization 192:209 the immobilization of l-asparaginase (l-ASNase), an important chemotherapeutic agent in acute lymphoblastic leukemia 192:307 We prepared biodegradable P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composite as carrier matrix for the immobilization of l-asparaginase (l-ASNase), an important chemotherapeutic agent in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 27561529 4 38 theme -starch 635:641 arg1 composites 643:652 the P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composites 618:652 the P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composites 618:652 Then, l-ASNase was immobilized on the P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composites. 27561529 7 39 from 25°C. 979:983 arg1 30days 958:963 30days 958:963 30days of storage at 25°C. Thus, based on the findings of the present work, the P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composite can be exploited as the biocompatible matrix used for l-ASNase immobilization for medical applications due to biocompatibility and biodegradability 958:1215 The immobilized l-ASNase had better showed thermal and pH stability, and remained stable after 30days of storage at 25°C. Thus, based on the findings of the present work, the P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composite can be exploited as the biocompatible matrix used for l-ASNase immobilization for medical applications due to biocompatibility and biodegradability. 27561529 7 39 from 25°C. 979:983 arg1 storage 968:974 storage 968:974 storage at 25°C. 968:983 The immobilized l-ASNase had better showed thermal and pH stability, and remained stable after 30days of storage at 25°C. Thus, based on the findings of the present work, the P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composite can be exploited as the biocompatible matrix used for l-ASNase immobilization for medical applications due to biocompatibility and biodegradability. 27561529 3 40 theme -starch 495:501 arg1 composites 503:512 P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composites 482:512 P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composites 482:512 Also, biodegradability measurements of P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composites were carried out to examine the effects of degradation of the starch. 27561529 3 41 theme composites 503:512 arg1 measurements 466:477 biodegradability measurements 449:477 biodegradability measurements of P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composites 449:512 Also, biodegradability measurements of P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composites were carried out to examine the effects of degradation of the starch. 26853838 0 0 theme amorphous 80:88 arg1 dispersion 96:105 amorphous solid dispersion 80:105 amorphous solid dispersion of Febuxostat 80:119 Phase behavior, intermolecular interaction, and solid state characterization of amorphous solid dispersion of Febuxostat. 26853838 6 1 theme different 910:918 arg1 types 920:924 different types 910:924 different types of Tg patterns obtained for FXT-polymer binary mixtures 910:980 In this work, different types of Tg patterns obtained for FXT-polymer binary mixtures are analyzed in terms of the above equations and relations between their prime fitting parameters are presented. 26853838 7 2 theme modeled 1122:1128 arg1 parameters 1130:1139 modeled parameters 1122:1139 modeled parameters 1122:1139 The theoretical values and modeled parameters were compared using various results obtained by thermal analysis. 26853838 4 3 theme w 681:681 arg1 dependencies 684:695 composition (w) dependencies 668:695 composition (w) dependencies 668:695 The success of physicochemical stability of the dispersions is often revealed as glass transition temperature (Tg) versus composition (w) dependencies. 26853838 4 3 theme w 681:681 arg1 success 550:556 The success 546:556 The success of physicochemical stability of the dispersions 546:604 The success of physicochemical stability of the dispersions is often revealed as glass transition temperature (Tg) versus composition (w) dependencies. 26853838 4 4 theme physicochemical 561:575 arg1 stability 577:585 physicochemical stability 561:585 physicochemical stability of the dispersions 561:604 The success of physicochemical stability of the dispersions is often revealed as glass transition temperature (Tg) versus composition (w) dependencies. 26853838 8 5 theme composition 1321:1331 arg1 patterns 1333:1340 the Tg versus composition patterns 1307:1340 patterns 1333:1340 The influence of important physicochemical phenomena and properties of the mixtures on the shape of the Tg versus composition patterns are also illustrated. 26853838 8 6 theme physicochemical 1234:1248 arg1 phenomena 1250:1258 important physicochemical phenomena 1224:1258 important physicochemical phenomena 1224:1258 The influence of important physicochemical phenomena and properties of the mixtures on the shape of the Tg versus composition patterns are also illustrated. 26853838 0 7 theme dispersion 96:105 arg1 characterization 60:75 characterization 60:75 characterization of amorphous solid dispersion of Febuxostat 60:119 Phase behavior, intermolecular interaction, and solid state characterization of amorphous solid dispersion of Febuxostat. 26853838 3 8 theme same 522:525 arg1 mixtures 536:543 same physical mixtures 522:543 same physical mixtures 522:543 Their physical properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, and compared to that of same physical mixtures. 26853838 0 9 theme solid 90:94 arg1 dispersion 96:105 amorphous solid dispersion 80:105 amorphous solid dispersion of Febuxostat 80:119 Phase behavior, intermolecular interaction, and solid state characterization of amorphous solid dispersion of Febuxostat. 26853838 3 10 theme physical 527:534 arg1 mixtures 536:543 same physical mixtures 522:543 same physical mixtures 522:543 Their physical properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, and compared to that of same physical mixtures. 26853838 4 11 theme stability 577:585 arg1 dependencies 684:695 composition (w) dependencies 668:695 composition (w) dependencies 668:695 The success of physicochemical stability of the dispersions is often revealed as glass transition temperature (Tg) versus composition (w) dependencies. 26853838 4 11 theme stability 577:585 arg1 temperature 644:654 glass transition temperature 627:654 glass transition temperature (Tg) 627:659 The success of physicochemical stability of the dispersions is often revealed as glass transition temperature (Tg) versus composition (w) dependencies. 26853838 4 11 theme stability 577:585 arg1 success 550:556 The success 546:556 The success of physicochemical stability of the dispersions 546:604 The success of physicochemical stability of the dispersions is often revealed as glass transition temperature (Tg) versus composition (w) dependencies. 26853838 0 12 theme Febuxostat 110:119 arg1 dispersion 96:105 amorphous solid dispersion 80:105 amorphous solid dispersion of Febuxostat 80:119 Phase behavior, intermolecular interaction, and solid state characterization of amorphous solid dispersion of Febuxostat. 26853838 9 13 theme interactions 1502:1513 arg1 state 1467:1471 the state 1463:1471 the state of mixing and intermolecular interactions 1463:1513 The interaction between drug and polymers and the model parameters were analyzed, aiming to assess the state of mixing and intermolecular interactions. 26853838 5 14 theme Brekner-Schneider-Cantow 824:847 arg1 equation 849:856 Brekner-Schneider-Cantow equation 824:856 Brekner-Schneider-Cantow equation 824:856 The shape of the Tg versus composition was mathematically modeled using the Gordon-Taylor equation, Couchman-Karasz equation, Brekner-Schneider-Cantow equation, and a three-parameter BCKV equation. 26853838 5 14 theme Brekner-Schneider-Cantow 824:847 arg1 equation 788:795 the Gordon-Taylor equation 770:795 the Gordon-Taylor equation 770:795 The shape of the Tg versus composition was mathematically modeled using the Gordon-Taylor equation, Couchman-Karasz equation, Brekner-Schneider-Cantow equation, and a three-parameter BCKV equation. 26853838 6 15 theme equations 1017:1025 arg1 terms 998:1002 terms 998:1002 terms of the above equations 998:1025 In this work, different types of Tg patterns obtained for FXT-polymer binary mixtures are analyzed in terms of the above equations and relations between their prime fitting parameters are presented. 26853838 5 16 theme three-parameter 865:879 arg1 equation 886:893 a three-parameter BCKV equation 863:893 a three-parameter BCKV equation 863:893 The shape of the Tg versus composition was mathematically modeled using the Gordon-Taylor equation, Couchman-Karasz equation, Brekner-Schneider-Cantow equation, and a three-parameter BCKV equation. 26853838 5 16 theme three-parameter 865:879 arg1 equation 788:795 the Gordon-Taylor equation 770:795 the Gordon-Taylor equation 770:795 The shape of the Tg versus composition was mathematically modeled using the Gordon-Taylor equation, Couchman-Karasz equation, Brekner-Schneider-Cantow equation, and a three-parameter BCKV equation. 26853838 8 17 theme properties 1264:1273 arg1 influence 1211:1219 The influence 1207:1219 The influence of important physicochemical phenomena and properties of the mixtures on the shape of the Tg versus composition patterns 1207:1340 The influence of important physicochemical phenomena and properties of the mixtures on the shape of the Tg versus composition patterns are also illustrated. 26853838 5 18 theme Tg 715:716 arg1 shape 702:706 The shape 698:706 The shape of the Tg versus composition 698:735 The shape of the Tg versus composition was mathematically modeled using the Gordon-Taylor equation, Couchman-Karasz equation, Brekner-Schneider-Cantow equation, and a three-parameter BCKV equation. 26853838 8 19 theme patterns 1333:1340 arg1 shape 1298:1302 the shape 1294:1302 the shape of the Tg versus composition patterns 1294:1340 The influence of important physicochemical phenomena and properties of the mixtures on the shape of the Tg versus composition patterns are also illustrated. 26853838 7 20 theme theoretical 1099:1109 arg1 values 1111:1116 The theoretical values 1095:1116 The theoretical values 1095:1116 The theoretical values and modeled parameters were compared using various results obtained by thermal analysis. 26853838 3 21 theme physical 355:362 arg1 properties 364:373 Their physical properties 349:373 Their physical properties 349:373 Their physical properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, and compared to that of same physical mixtures. 26853838 6 22 theme fitting 1061:1067 arg1 parameters 1069:1078 their prime fitting parameters 1049:1078 their prime fitting parameters 1049:1078 In this work, different types of Tg patterns obtained for FXT-polymer binary mixtures are analyzed in terms of the above equations and relations between their prime fitting parameters are presented. 26853838 3 23 theme differential 391:402 arg1 calorimetry 413:423 differential scanning calorimetry 391:423 differential scanning calorimetry 391:423 Their physical properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, and compared to that of same physical mixtures. 26853838 3 23 theme differential 391:402 arg1 spectroscopy 484:495 Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy 452:495 Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy 452:495 Their physical properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, and compared to that of same physical mixtures. 26853838 3 23 theme differential 391:402 arg1 diffraction 439:449 powder X-ray diffraction 426:449 powder X-ray diffraction 426:449 Their physical properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, and compared to that of same physical mixtures. 26853838 0 24 theme Phase 0:4 arg1 behavior 6:13 Phase behavior 0:13 Phase behavior 0:13 Phase behavior, intermolecular interaction, and solid state characterization of amorphous solid dispersion of Febuxostat. 26853838 8 25 theme mixtures 1282:1289 arg1 properties 1264:1273 properties 1264:1273 properties of the mixtures 1264:1289 The influence of important physicochemical phenomena and properties of the mixtures on the shape of the Tg versus composition patterns are also illustrated. 26853838 8 25 theme mixtures 1282:1289 arg1 phenomena 1250:1258 important physicochemical phenomena 1224:1258 important physicochemical phenomena 1224:1258 The influence of important physicochemical phenomena and properties of the mixtures on the shape of the Tg versus composition patterns are also illustrated. 26853838 3 26 theme scanning 404:411 arg1 calorimetry 413:423 differential scanning calorimetry 391:423 differential scanning calorimetry 391:423 Their physical properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, and compared to that of same physical mixtures. 26853838 3 26 theme scanning 404:411 arg1 spectroscopy 484:495 Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy 452:495 Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy 452:495 Their physical properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, and compared to that of same physical mixtures. 26853838 3 26 theme scanning 404:411 arg1 diffraction 439:449 powder X-ray diffraction 426:449 powder X-ray diffraction 426:449 Their physical properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, and compared to that of same physical mixtures. 26853838 0 27 theme intermolecular 16:29 arg1 interaction 31:41 intermolecular interaction 16:41 intermolecular interaction 16:41 Phase behavior, intermolecular interaction, and solid state characterization of amorphous solid dispersion of Febuxostat. 26853838 6 28 theme binary 966:971 arg1 mixtures 973:980 FXT-polymer binary mixtures 954:980 FXT-polymer binary mixtures 954:980 In this work, different types of Tg patterns obtained for FXT-polymer binary mixtures are analyzed in terms of the above equations and relations between their prime fitting parameters are presented. 26853838 8 29 theme Tg 1311:1312 arg1 patterns 1333:1340 the Tg versus composition patterns 1307:1340 patterns 1333:1340 The influence of important physicochemical phenomena and properties of the mixtures on the shape of the Tg versus composition patterns are also illustrated. 26853838 0 30 dep characterization 60:75 arg1 state 54:58 solid state 48:58 solid state 48:58 Phase behavior, intermolecular interaction, and solid state characterization of amorphous solid dispersion of Febuxostat. 26853838 0 30 dep characterization 60:75 arg1 behavior 6:13 Phase behavior 0:13 Phase behavior 0:13 Phase behavior, intermolecular interaction, and solid state characterization of amorphous solid dispersion of Febuxostat. 26853838 0 30 dep characterization 60:75 arg1 interaction 31:41 intermolecular interaction 16:41 intermolecular interaction 16:41 Phase behavior, intermolecular interaction, and solid state characterization of amorphous solid dispersion of Febuxostat. 26853838 1 31 theme amorphous 179:187 arg1 dispersion 199:208 the amorphous molecular dispersion 175:208 the amorphous molecular dispersion of Febuxostat (FXT) using PVP K30, HPMC-AS, Soluplus®, and PVP VA64 175:276 The aim of this work was to prepare and characterize the amorphous molecular dispersion of Febuxostat (FXT) using PVP K30, HPMC-AS, Soluplus®, and PVP VA64. 26853838 6 32 theme FXT-polymer 954:964 arg1 mixtures 973:980 FXT-polymer binary mixtures 954:980 FXT-polymer binary mixtures 954:980 In this work, different types of Tg patterns obtained for FXT-polymer binary mixtures are analyzed in terms of the above equations and relations between their prime fitting parameters are presented. 26853838 4 33 theme dispersions 594:604 arg1 stability 577:585 physicochemical stability 561:585 physicochemical stability of the dispersions 561:604 The success of physicochemical stability of the dispersions is often revealed as glass transition temperature (Tg) versus composition (w) dependencies. 26853838 1 34 theme molecular 189:197 arg1 dispersion 199:208 the amorphous molecular dispersion 175:208 the amorphous molecular dispersion of Febuxostat (FXT) using PVP K30, HPMC-AS, Soluplus®, and PVP VA64 175:276 The aim of this work was to prepare and characterize the amorphous molecular dispersion of Febuxostat (FXT) using PVP K30, HPMC-AS, Soluplus®, and PVP VA64. 26853838 8 35 theme important 1224:1232 arg1 phenomena 1250:1258 important physicochemical phenomena 1224:1258 important physicochemical phenomena 1224:1258 The influence of important physicochemical phenomena and properties of the mixtures on the shape of the Tg versus composition patterns are also illustrated. 26853838 4 36 theme transition 633:642 arg1 Tg 657:658 Tg 657:658 Tg 657:658 The success of physicochemical stability of the dispersions is often revealed as glass transition temperature (Tg) versus composition (w) dependencies. 26853838 4 36 theme transition 633:642 arg1 temperature 644:654 glass transition temperature 627:654 glass transition temperature (Tg) 627:659 The success of physicochemical stability of the dispersions is often revealed as glass transition temperature (Tg) versus composition (w) dependencies. 26853838 4 36 theme transition 633:642 arg1 success 550:556 The success 546:556 The success of physicochemical stability of the dispersions 546:604 The success of physicochemical stability of the dispersions is often revealed as glass transition temperature (Tg) versus composition (w) dependencies. 26853838 4 37 theme glass 627:631 arg1 Tg 657:658 Tg 657:658 Tg 657:658 The success of physicochemical stability of the dispersions is often revealed as glass transition temperature (Tg) versus composition (w) dependencies. 26853838 4 37 theme glass 627:631 arg1 temperature 644:654 glass transition temperature 627:654 glass transition temperature (Tg) 627:659 The success of physicochemical stability of the dispersions is often revealed as glass transition temperature (Tg) versus composition (w) dependencies. 26853838 4 37 theme glass 627:631 arg1 success 550:556 The success 546:556 The success of physicochemical stability of the dispersions 546:604 The success of physicochemical stability of the dispersions is often revealed as glass transition temperature (Tg) versus composition (w) dependencies. 26853838 5 38 theme BCKV 881:884 arg1 equation 886:893 a three-parameter BCKV equation 863:893 a three-parameter BCKV equation 863:893 The shape of the Tg versus composition was mathematically modeled using the Gordon-Taylor equation, Couchman-Karasz equation, Brekner-Schneider-Cantow equation, and a three-parameter BCKV equation. 26853838 5 38 theme BCKV 881:884 arg1 equation 788:795 the Gordon-Taylor equation 770:795 the Gordon-Taylor equation 770:795 The shape of the Tg versus composition was mathematically modeled using the Gordon-Taylor equation, Couchman-Karasz equation, Brekner-Schneider-Cantow equation, and a three-parameter BCKV equation. 26853838 3 39 theme powder 426:431 arg1 calorimetry 413:423 differential scanning calorimetry 391:423 differential scanning calorimetry 391:423 Their physical properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, and compared to that of same physical mixtures. 26853838 3 39 theme powder 426:431 arg1 diffraction 439:449 powder X-ray diffraction 426:449 powder X-ray diffraction 426:449 Their physical properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, and compared to that of same physical mixtures. 26853838 4 40 theme composition 668:678 arg1 dependencies 684:695 composition (w) dependencies 668:695 composition (w) dependencies 668:695 The success of physicochemical stability of the dispersions is often revealed as glass transition temperature (Tg) versus composition (w) dependencies. 26853838 4 40 theme composition 668:678 arg1 success 550:556 The success 546:556 The success of physicochemical stability of the dispersions 546:604 The success of physicochemical stability of the dispersions is often revealed as glass transition temperature (Tg) versus composition (w) dependencies. 26853838 7 41 theme various 1161:1167 arg1 results 1169:1175 various results 1161:1175 various results obtained by thermal analysis 1161:1204 The theoretical values and modeled parameters were compared using various results obtained by thermal analysis. 26853838 5 42 theme Couchman-Karasz 798:812 arg1 equation 788:795 the Gordon-Taylor equation 770:795 the Gordon-Taylor equation 770:795 The shape of the Tg versus composition was mathematically modeled using the Gordon-Taylor equation, Couchman-Karasz equation, Brekner-Schneider-Cantow equation, and a three-parameter BCKV equation. 26853838 5 42 theme Couchman-Karasz 798:812 arg1 equation 814:821 Couchman-Karasz equation 798:821 Couchman-Karasz equation 798:821 The shape of the Tg versus composition was mathematically modeled using the Gordon-Taylor equation, Couchman-Karasz equation, Brekner-Schneider-Cantow equation, and a three-parameter BCKV equation. 26853838 3 43 theme X-ray 433:437 arg1 calorimetry 413:423 differential scanning calorimetry 391:423 differential scanning calorimetry 391:423 Their physical properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, and compared to that of same physical mixtures. 26853838 3 43 theme X-ray 433:437 arg1 diffraction 439:449 powder X-ray diffraction 426:449 powder X-ray diffraction 426:449 Their physical properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, and compared to that of same physical mixtures. 26853838 0 44 theme solid 48:52 arg1 state 54:58 solid state 48:58 solid state 48:58 Phase behavior, intermolecular interaction, and solid state characterization of amorphous solid dispersion of Febuxostat. 26853838 6 45 theme patterns 932:939 arg1 types 920:924 different types 910:924 different types of Tg patterns obtained for FXT-polymer binary mixtures 910:980 In this work, different types of Tg patterns obtained for FXT-polymer binary mixtures are analyzed in terms of the above equations and relations between their prime fitting parameters are presented. 26853838 3 46 theme infrared 475:482 arg1 calorimetry 413:423 differential scanning calorimetry 391:423 differential scanning calorimetry 391:423 Their physical properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, and compared to that of same physical mixtures. 26853838 3 46 theme infrared 475:482 arg1 spectroscopy 484:495 Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy 452:495 Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy 452:495 Their physical properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, and compared to that of same physical mixtures. 26853838 5 47 theme Gordon-Taylor 774:786 arg1 equation 849:856 Brekner-Schneider-Cantow equation 824:856 Brekner-Schneider-Cantow equation 824:856 The shape of the Tg versus composition was mathematically modeled using the Gordon-Taylor equation, Couchman-Karasz equation, Brekner-Schneider-Cantow equation, and a three-parameter BCKV equation. 26853838 5 47 theme Gordon-Taylor 774:786 arg1 equation 886:893 a three-parameter BCKV equation 863:893 a three-parameter BCKV equation 863:893 The shape of the Tg versus composition was mathematically modeled using the Gordon-Taylor equation, Couchman-Karasz equation, Brekner-Schneider-Cantow equation, and a three-parameter BCKV equation. 26853838 5 47 theme Gordon-Taylor 774:786 arg1 equation 788:795 the Gordon-Taylor equation 770:795 the Gordon-Taylor equation 770:795 The shape of the Tg versus composition was mathematically modeled using the Gordon-Taylor equation, Couchman-Karasz equation, Brekner-Schneider-Cantow equation, and a three-parameter BCKV equation. 26853838 5 47 theme Gordon-Taylor 774:786 arg1 equation 814:821 Couchman-Karasz equation 798:821 Couchman-Karasz equation 798:821 The shape of the Tg versus composition was mathematically modeled using the Gordon-Taylor equation, Couchman-Karasz equation, Brekner-Schneider-Cantow equation, and a three-parameter BCKV equation. 26853838 6 48 theme Tg 929:930 arg1 patterns 932:939 Tg patterns 929:939 Tg patterns obtained for FXT-polymer binary mixtures 929:980 In this work, different types of Tg patterns obtained for FXT-polymer binary mixtures are analyzed in terms of the above equations and relations between their prime fitting parameters are presented. 26853838 5 49 dep Tg 715:716 arg1 the 711:713 the 711:713 the 711:713 The shape of the Tg versus composition was mathematically modeled using the Gordon-Taylor equation, Couchman-Karasz equation, Brekner-Schneider-Cantow equation, and a three-parameter BCKV equation. 26853838 1 50 theme work 138:141 arg1 aim 126:128 The aim 122:128 The aim of this work 122:141 The aim of this work was to prepare and characterize the amorphous molecular dispersion of Febuxostat (FXT) using PVP K30, HPMC-AS, Soluplus®, and PVP VA64. 26853838 9 51 theme mixing 1476:1481 arg1 interactions 1502:1513 mixing and intermolecular interactions 1476:1513 mixing and intermolecular interactions 1476:1513 The interaction between drug and polymers and the model parameters were analyzed, aiming to assess the state of mixing and intermolecular interactions. 26853838 6 52 theme above 1011:1015 arg1 equations 1017:1025 the above equations 1007:1025 the above equations 1007:1025 In this work, different types of Tg patterns obtained for FXT-polymer binary mixtures are analyzed in terms of the above equations and relations between their prime fitting parameters are presented. 26853838 2 53 theme solid 283:287 arg1 dispersions 289:299 The solid dispersions 279:299 The solid dispersions 279:299 The solid dispersions were prepared by solvent evaporation technique. 26853838 1 54 theme Febuxostat 213:222 arg1 dispersion 199:208 the amorphous molecular dispersion 175:208 the amorphous molecular dispersion of Febuxostat (FXT) using PVP K30, HPMC-AS, Soluplus®, and PVP VA64 175:276 The aim of this work was to prepare and characterize the amorphous molecular dispersion of Febuxostat (FXT) using PVP K30, HPMC-AS, Soluplus®, and PVP VA64. 26853838 6 55 theme prime 1055:1059 arg1 parameters 1069:1078 their prime fitting parameters 1049:1078 their prime fitting parameters 1049:1078 In this work, different types of Tg patterns obtained for FXT-polymer binary mixtures are analyzed in terms of the above equations and relations between their prime fitting parameters are presented. 26853838 3 56 theme transformation 460:473 arg1 calorimetry 413:423 differential scanning calorimetry 391:423 differential scanning calorimetry 391:423 Their physical properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, and compared to that of same physical mixtures. 26853838 3 56 theme transformation 460:473 arg1 spectroscopy 484:495 Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy 452:495 Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy 452:495 Their physical properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, and compared to that of same physical mixtures. 26853838 8 57 theme phenomena 1250:1258 arg1 influence 1211:1219 The influence 1207:1219 The influence of important physicochemical phenomena and properties of the mixtures on the shape of the Tg versus composition patterns 1207:1340 The influence of important physicochemical phenomena and properties of the mixtures on the shape of the Tg versus composition patterns are also illustrated. 26853838 3 58 theme Fourier 452:458 arg1 calorimetry 413:423 differential scanning calorimetry 391:423 differential scanning calorimetry 391:423 Their physical properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, and compared to that of same physical mixtures. 26853838 3 58 theme Fourier 452:458 arg1 spectroscopy 484:495 Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy 452:495 Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy 452:495 Their physical properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, and compared to that of same physical mixtures. 26853838 9 59 theme intermolecular 1487:1500 arg1 interactions 1502:1513 mixing and intermolecular interactions 1476:1513 mixing and intermolecular interactions 1476:1513 The interaction between drug and polymers and the model parameters were analyzed, aiming to assess the state of mixing and intermolecular interactions. 26853838 1 60 dep PVP 236:238 arg1 K30 240:242 K30 240:242 PVP K30 236:242 The aim of this work was to prepare and characterize the amorphous molecular dispersion of Febuxostat (FXT) using PVP K30, HPMC-AS, Soluplus®, and PVP VA64. 26853838 2 61 theme evaporation 326:336 arg1 technique 338:346 solvent evaporation technique 318:346 solvent evaporation technique 318:346 The solid dispersions were prepared by solvent evaporation technique. 26853838 9 62 theme model 1414:1418 arg1 parameters 1420:1429 the model parameters 1410:1429 the model parameters 1410:1429 The interaction between drug and polymers and the model parameters were analyzed, aiming to assess the state of mixing and intermolecular interactions. 26853838 5 63 theme composition 725:735 arg1 shape 702:706 The shape 698:706 The shape of the Tg versus composition 698:735 The shape of the Tg versus composition was mathematically modeled using the Gordon-Taylor equation, Couchman-Karasz equation, Brekner-Schneider-Cantow equation, and a three-parameter BCKV equation. 26853838 8 64 from influence 1211:1219 arg1 shape 1298:1302 the shape 1294:1302 the shape of the Tg versus composition patterns 1294:1340 The influence of important physicochemical phenomena and properties of the mixtures on the shape of the Tg versus composition patterns are also illustrated. 26853838 2 65 theme solvent 318:324 arg1 technique 338:346 solvent evaporation technique 318:346 solvent evaporation technique 318:346 The solid dispersions were prepared by solvent evaporation technique. 26853838 7 66 theme thermal 1189:1195 arg1 analysis 1197:1204 thermal analysis 1189:1204 thermal analysis 1189:1204 The theoretical values and modeled parameters were compared using various results obtained by thermal analysis. 27586963 4 0 theme innovator 440:448 arg1 product 455:461 the innovator drug product 436:461 the innovator drug product 436:461 For each drug, the innovator drug product, a scored-generic and a non-scored generic were investigated totalizing fifteen drug products. 27586963 4 0 theme innovator 440:448 arg1 drug 430:433 each drug 425:433 each drug 425:433 For each drug, the innovator drug product, a scored-generic and a non-scored generic were investigated totalizing fifteen drug products. 27586963 6 1 theme subdivision 682:692 arg1 method 694:699 tablet subdivision method 675:699 tablet subdivision method 675:699 Additionally, comparisons were made between tablet subdivision method, score, shape, diluent composition and coating. 27586963 11 2 with drugs 1438:1442 arg1 regard 1449:1454 regard 1449:1454 regard 1449:1454 Finally, differences were observed between generics and their innovator products in all selected drugs with regard the quality control assays in divided tablet, which highlights the necessity of health regulations to consider subdivision performance at least in marketing authorization of generic products. 27586963 10 3 theme diluents 1147:1154 arg1 presence 1127:1134 The presence 1123:1134 The presence of elastic diluents such as starch and dibasic phosphate dehydrate 1123:1201 The presence of elastic diluents such as starch and dibasic phosphate dehydrate conferred a more appropriate behaviour for the subdivision process than plastic materials such as microcrystalline cellulose and lactose. 27586963 11 4 theme selected 1429:1436 arg1 assays 1476:1481 all selected drugs with regard the quality control assays 1425:1481 all selected drugs with regard the quality control assays in divided tablet, which highlights the necessity of health regulations to consider subdivision performance at least in marketing authorization of generic products 1425:1645 Finally, differences were observed between generics and their innovator products in all selected drugs with regard the quality control assays in divided tablet, which highlights the necessity of health regulations to consider subdivision performance at least in marketing authorization of generic products. 27586963 9 5 theme non-scored 1103:1112 arg1 tablets 1114:1120 round, uncoated and non-scored tablets 1083:1120 round, uncoated and non-scored tablets 1083:1120 Oblong, coated and scored tablets had better results after subdivision than round, uncoated and non-scored tablets. 27586963 7 6 theme alternative 810:820 arg1 assay 822:826 an alternative assay to evaluate the accuracy of tablet subdivision 807:873 an alternative assay to evaluate the accuracy of tablet subdivision 807:873 Image analysis based on surface area was a useful tool as an alternative assay to evaluate the accuracy of tablet subdivision. 27586963 10 7 theme microcrystalline 1301:1316 arg1 cellulose 1318:1326 microcrystalline cellulose 1301:1326 microcrystalline cellulose 1301:1326 The presence of elastic diluents such as starch and dibasic phosphate dehydrate conferred a more appropriate behaviour for the subdivision process than plastic materials such as microcrystalline cellulose and lactose. 27586963 11 8 theme marketing 1603:1611 arg1 authorization 1613:1625 marketing authorization 1603:1625 marketing authorization of generic products 1603:1645 Finally, differences were observed between generics and their innovator products in all selected drugs with regard the quality control assays in divided tablet, which highlights the necessity of health regulations to consider subdivision performance at least in marketing authorization of generic products. 27586963 5 9 theme Mechanical 558:567 arg1 tests 582:586 Mechanical and physical tests 558:586 Mechanical and physical tests 558:586 Mechanical and physical tests, including image analysis, were performed. 27586963 5 9 theme Mechanical 558:567 arg1 analysis 605:612 image analysis 599:612 image analysis 599:612 Mechanical and physical tests, including image analysis, were performed. 27586963 2 10 theme subdivision 257:267 arg1 method 239:244 the method 235:244 the technical aspects of production as well as the method of tablets subdivision (employing a tablet splitter or a kitchen knife) 188:316 The aim of this study was to investigate how the technical aspects of production as well as the method of tablets subdivision (employing a tablet splitter or a kitchen knife) influence the accuracy of this practice. 27586963 2 10 theme subdivision 257:267 arg1 aspects 202:208 the technical aspects 188:208 the technical aspects of production as well as the method of tablets subdivision (employing a tablet splitter or a kitchen knife) 188:316 The aim of this study was to investigate how the technical aspects of production as well as the method of tablets subdivision (employing a tablet splitter or a kitchen knife) influence the accuracy of this practice. 27586963 10 11 theme dibasic 1175:1181 arg1 dehydrate 1193:1201 starch and dibasic phosphate dehydrate 1164:1201 starch and dibasic phosphate dehydrate 1164:1201 The presence of elastic diluents such as starch and dibasic phosphate dehydrate conferred a more appropriate behaviour for the subdivision process than plastic materials such as microcrystalline cellulose and lactose. 27586963 11 12 theme health 1536:1541 arg1 regulations 1543:1553 health regulations 1536:1553 health regulations 1536:1553 Finally, differences were observed between generics and their innovator products in all selected drugs with regard the quality control assays in divided tablet, which highlights the necessity of health regulations to consider subdivision performance at least in marketing authorization of generic products. 27586963 11 13 theme quality 1460:1466 arg1 control 1468:1474 the quality control 1456:1474 all selected drugs with regard the quality control assays in divided tablet, which highlights the necessity of health regulations to consider subdivision performance at least in marketing authorization of generic products 1425:1645 Finally, differences were observed between generics and their innovator products in all selected drugs with regard the quality control assays in divided tablet, which highlights the necessity of health regulations to consider subdivision performance at least in marketing authorization of generic products. 27586963 8 14 theme weight 973:978 arg1 loss 980:983 weight loss 973:983 weight loss 973:983 The tablet splitter demonstrates an advantage relative to a knife as it showed better results in weight loss and friability tests. 27586963 11 15 theme divided 1486:1492 arg1 tablet 1494:1499 divided tablet 1486:1499 divided tablet 1486:1499 Finally, differences were observed between generics and their innovator products in all selected drugs with regard the quality control assays in divided tablet, which highlights the necessity of health regulations to consider subdivision performance at least in marketing authorization of generic products. 27586963 2 16 theme tablets 249:255 arg1 subdivision 257:267 tablets subdivision 249:267 tablets subdivision 249:267 The aim of this study was to investigate how the technical aspects of production as well as the method of tablets subdivision (employing a tablet splitter or a kitchen knife) influence the accuracy of this practice. 27586963 6 17 theme tablet 675:680 arg1 method 694:699 tablet subdivision method 675:699 tablet subdivision method 675:699 Additionally, comparisons were made between tablet subdivision method, score, shape, diluent composition and coating. 27586963 4 18 theme drug 543:546 arg1 products 548:555 fifteen drug products 535:555 fifteen drug products 535:555 For each drug, the innovator drug product, a scored-generic and a non-scored generic were investigated totalizing fifteen drug products. 27586963 9 19 contain had 1041:1043 arg1 coated 1015:1020 coated 1015:1020 coated 1015:1020 Oblong, coated and scored tablets had better results after subdivision than round, uncoated and non-scored tablets. 27586963 9 19 contain had 1041:1043 arg2 results 1052:1058 better results 1045:1058 better results 1045:1058 Oblong, coated and scored tablets had better results after subdivision than round, uncoated and non-scored tablets. 27586963 9 19 contain had 1041:1043 arg1 Oblong 1007:1012 Oblong 1007:1012 Oblong 1007:1012 Oblong, coated and scored tablets had better results after subdivision than round, uncoated and non-scored tablets. 27586963 9 19 contain had 1041:1043 arg1 tablets 1033:1039 scored tablets 1026:1039 scored tablets 1026:1039 Oblong, coated and scored tablets had better results after subdivision than round, uncoated and non-scored tablets. 27586963 8 20 theme friability 989:998 arg1 tests 1000:1004 friability tests 989:1004 friability tests 989:1004 The tablet splitter demonstrates an advantage relative to a knife as it showed better results in weight loss and friability tests. 27586963 5 21 theme physical 573:580 arg1 tests 582:586 Mechanical and physical tests 558:586 Mechanical and physical tests 558:586 Mechanical and physical tests, including image analysis, were performed. 27586963 5 21 theme physical 573:580 arg1 analysis 605:612 image analysis 599:612 image analysis 599:612 Mechanical and physical tests, including image analysis, were performed. 27586963 1 22 theme Tablet 70:75 arg1 subdivision 77:87 Tablet subdivision 70:87 Tablet subdivision 70:87 Tablet subdivision is a common practice used mainly for dose adjustment. 27586963 1 22 theme Tablet 70:75 arg1 practice 101:108 a common practice 92:108 a common practice used mainly for dose adjustment 92:140 Tablet subdivision is a common practice used mainly for dose adjustment. 27586963 10 23 theme appropriate 1220:1230 arg1 behaviour 1232:1240 a more appropriate behaviour 1213:1240 a more appropriate behaviour for the subdivision process 1213:1268 The presence of elastic diluents such as starch and dibasic phosphate dehydrate conferred a more appropriate behaviour for the subdivision process than plastic materials such as microcrystalline cellulose and lactose. 27586963 2 24 theme practice 349:356 arg1 accuracy 332:339 the accuracy 328:339 the accuracy of this practice 328:356 The aim of this study was to investigate how the technical aspects of production as well as the method of tablets subdivision (employing a tablet splitter or a kitchen knife) influence the accuracy of this practice. 27586963 11 25 theme generic 1630:1636 arg1 products 1638:1645 generic products 1630:1645 generic products 1630:1645 Finally, differences were observed between generics and their innovator products in all selected drugs with regard the quality control assays in divided tablet, which highlights the necessity of health regulations to consider subdivision performance at least in marketing authorization of generic products. 27586963 7 26 theme useful 792:797 arg1 tool 799:802 a useful tool 790:802 a useful tool as an alternative assay to evaluate the accuracy of tablet subdivision 790:873 Image analysis based on surface area was a useful tool as an alternative assay to evaluate the accuracy of tablet subdivision. 27586963 7 26 theme useful 792:797 arg1 analysis 755:762 Image analysis 749:762 Image analysis based on surface area 749:784 Image analysis based on surface area was a useful tool as an alternative assay to evaluate the accuracy of tablet subdivision. 27586963 0 27 theme Technical 4:12 arg1 Aspects 14:20 Key Technical Aspects 0:20 Key Technical Aspects 0:20 Key Technical Aspects Influencing the Accuracy of Tablet Subdivision. 27586963 11 28 theme products 1638:1645 arg1 authorization 1613:1625 marketing authorization 1603:1625 marketing authorization of generic products 1603:1645 Finally, differences were observed between generics and their innovator products in all selected drugs with regard the quality control assays in divided tablet, which highlights the necessity of health regulations to consider subdivision performance at least in marketing authorization of generic products. 27586963 2 29 theme tablet 282:287 arg1 splitter 289:296 a tablet splitter 280:296 a tablet splitter 280:296 The aim of this study was to investigate how the technical aspects of production as well as the method of tablets subdivision (employing a tablet splitter or a kitchen knife) influence the accuracy of this practice. 27586963 0 30 theme Key 0:2 arg1 Aspects 14:20 Key Technical Aspects 0:20 Key Technical Aspects 0:20 Key Technical Aspects Influencing the Accuracy of Tablet Subdivision. 27586963 5 31 theme image 599:603 arg1 analysis 605:612 image analysis 599:612 image analysis 599:612 Mechanical and physical tests, including image analysis, were performed. 27586963 7 32 theme subdivision 863:873 arg1 accuracy 844:851 the accuracy 840:851 the accuracy of tablet subdivision 840:873 Image analysis based on surface area was a useful tool as an alternative assay to evaluate the accuracy of tablet subdivision. 27586963 8 33 dep knife 936:940 arg1 showed 948:953 showed 948:953 showed better results in weight loss and friability tests 948:1004 The tablet splitter demonstrates an advantage relative to a knife as it showed better results in weight loss and friability tests. 27586963 8 34 theme better 955:960 arg1 results 962:968 better results 955:968 better results 955:968 The tablet splitter demonstrates an advantage relative to a knife as it showed better results in weight loss and friability tests. 27586963 1 35 theme common 94:99 arg1 subdivision 77:87 Tablet subdivision 70:87 Tablet subdivision 70:87 Tablet subdivision is a common practice used mainly for dose adjustment. 27586963 1 35 theme common 94:99 arg1 practice 101:108 a common practice 92:108 a common practice used mainly for dose adjustment 92:140 Tablet subdivision is a common practice used mainly for dose adjustment. 27586963 10 36 theme subdivision 1250:1260 arg1 process 1262:1268 the subdivision process 1246:1268 the subdivision process 1246:1268 The presence of elastic diluents such as starch and dibasic phosphate dehydrate conferred a more appropriate behaviour for the subdivision process than plastic materials such as microcrystalline cellulose and lactose. 27586963 7 37 theme Image 749:753 arg1 analysis 755:762 Image analysis 749:762 Image analysis based on surface area 749:784 Image analysis based on surface area was a useful tool as an alternative assay to evaluate the accuracy of tablet subdivision. 27586963 7 37 theme Image 749:753 arg1 tool 799:802 a useful tool 790:802 a useful tool as an alternative assay to evaluate the accuracy of tablet subdivision 790:873 Image analysis based on surface area was a useful tool as an alternative assay to evaluate the accuracy of tablet subdivision. 27586963 10 38 theme plastic 1275:1281 arg1 materials 1283:1291 plastic materials 1275:1291 plastic materials such as microcrystalline cellulose and lactose 1275:1338 The presence of elastic diluents such as starch and dibasic phosphate dehydrate conferred a more appropriate behaviour for the subdivision process than plastic materials such as microcrystalline cellulose and lactose. 27586963 10 38 theme plastic 1275:1281 arg1 lactose 1332:1338 lactose 1332:1338 lactose 1332:1338 The presence of elastic diluents such as starch and dibasic phosphate dehydrate conferred a more appropriate behaviour for the subdivision process than plastic materials such as microcrystalline cellulose and lactose. 27586963 10 38 theme plastic 1275:1281 arg1 cellulose 1318:1326 microcrystalline cellulose 1301:1326 microcrystalline cellulose 1301:1326 The presence of elastic diluents such as starch and dibasic phosphate dehydrate conferred a more appropriate behaviour for the subdivision process than plastic materials such as microcrystalline cellulose and lactose. 27586963 7 39 theme surface 773:779 arg1 area 781:784 surface area 773:784 surface area 773:784 Image analysis based on surface area was a useful tool as an alternative assay to evaluate the accuracy of tablet subdivision. 27586963 9 40 theme scored 1026:1031 arg1 tablets 1033:1039 scored tablets 1026:1039 scored tablets 1026:1039 Oblong, coated and scored tablets had better results after subdivision than round, uncoated and non-scored tablets. 27586963 11 41 theme innovator 1403:1411 arg1 products 1413:1420 their innovator products 1397:1420 their innovator products 1397:1420 Finally, differences were observed between generics and their innovator products in all selected drugs with regard the quality control assays in divided tablet, which highlights the necessity of health regulations to consider subdivision performance at least in marketing authorization of generic products. 27586963 2 42 theme study 159:163 arg1 aim 147:149 The aim 143:149 The aim of this study 143:163 The aim of this study was to investigate how the technical aspects of production as well as the method of tablets subdivision (employing a tablet splitter or a kitchen knife) influence the accuracy of this practice. 27586963 2 43 theme production 213:222 arg1 method 239:244 the method 235:244 the technical aspects of production as well as the method of tablets subdivision (employing a tablet splitter or a kitchen knife) 188:316 The aim of this study was to investigate how the technical aspects of production as well as the method of tablets subdivision (employing a tablet splitter or a kitchen knife) influence the accuracy of this practice. 27586963 2 43 theme production 213:222 arg1 aspects 202:208 the technical aspects 188:208 the technical aspects of production as well as the method of tablets subdivision (employing a tablet splitter or a kitchen knife) 188:316 The aim of this study was to investigate how the technical aspects of production as well as the method of tablets subdivision (employing a tablet splitter or a kitchen knife) influence the accuracy of this practice. 27586963 9 44 theme better 1045:1050 arg1 results 1052:1058 better results 1045:1058 better results 1045:1058 Oblong, coated and scored tablets had better results after subdivision than round, uncoated and non-scored tablets. 27586963 3 45 theme subdivided 387:396 arg1 tablets 398:404 subdivided tablets 387:404 subdivided tablets 387:404 Five drugs commonly used as subdivided tablets were selected. 27586963 10 46 theme elastic 1139:1145 arg1 dehydrate 1193:1201 starch and dibasic phosphate dehydrate 1164:1201 starch and dibasic phosphate dehydrate 1164:1201 The presence of elastic diluents such as starch and dibasic phosphate dehydrate conferred a more appropriate behaviour for the subdivision process than plastic materials such as microcrystalline cellulose and lactose. 27586963 10 46 theme elastic 1139:1145 arg1 diluents 1147:1154 elastic diluents 1139:1154 elastic diluents such as starch and dibasic phosphate dehydrate 1139:1201 The presence of elastic diluents such as starch and dibasic phosphate dehydrate conferred a more appropriate behaviour for the subdivision process than plastic materials such as microcrystalline cellulose and lactose. 27586963 11 47 located observed 1367:1374 arg1 assays 1476:1481 all selected drugs with regard the quality control assays 1425:1481 all selected drugs with regard the quality control assays in divided tablet, which highlights the necessity of health regulations to consider subdivision performance at least in marketing authorization of generic products 1425:1645 Finally, differences were observed between generics and their innovator products in all selected drugs with regard the quality control assays in divided tablet, which highlights the necessity of health regulations to consider subdivision performance at least in marketing authorization of generic products. 27586963 11 47 located observed 1367:1374 arg2 differences 1350:1360 differences 1350:1360 differences 1350:1360 Finally, differences were observed between generics and their innovator products in all selected drugs with regard the quality control assays in divided tablet, which highlights the necessity of health regulations to consider subdivision performance at least in marketing authorization of generic products. 27586963 6 48 theme diluent 716:722 arg1 composition 724:734 diluent composition 716:734 diluent composition 716:734 Additionally, comparisons were made between tablet subdivision method, score, shape, diluent composition and coating. 27586963 11 49 from assays 1476:1481 arg1 tablet 1494:1499 divided tablet 1486:1499 divided tablet 1486:1499 Finally, differences were observed between generics and their innovator products in all selected drugs with regard the quality control assays in divided tablet, which highlights the necessity of health regulations to consider subdivision performance at least in marketing authorization of generic products. 27586963 0 50 theme Tablet 50:55 arg1 Subdivision 57:67 Tablet Subdivision 50:67 Tablet Subdivision 50:67 Key Technical Aspects Influencing the Accuracy of Tablet Subdivision. 27586963 2 51 theme kitchen 303:309 arg1 knife 311:315 a kitchen knife 301:315 a kitchen knife 301:315 The aim of this study was to investigate how the technical aspects of production as well as the method of tablets subdivision (employing a tablet splitter or a kitchen knife) influence the accuracy of this practice. 27586963 2 52 theme technical 192:200 arg1 aspects 202:208 the technical aspects 188:208 the technical aspects of production as well as the method of tablets subdivision (employing a tablet splitter or a kitchen knife) 188:316 The aim of this study was to investigate how the technical aspects of production as well as the method of tablets subdivision (employing a tablet splitter or a kitchen knife) influence the accuracy of this practice. 27586963 8 53 theme tablet 880:885 arg1 splitter 887:894 The tablet splitter 876:894 The tablet splitter 876:894 The tablet splitter demonstrates an advantage relative to a knife as it showed better results in weight loss and friability tests. 27586963 8 54 theme relative 922:929 arg1 advantage 912:920 an advantage 909:920 an advantage relative to a knife as it showed better results in weight loss and friability tests 909:1004 The tablet splitter demonstrates an advantage relative to a knife as it showed better results in weight loss and friability tests. 27586963 7 55 theme tablet 856:861 arg1 subdivision 863:873 tablet subdivision 856:873 tablet subdivision 856:873 Image analysis based on surface area was a useful tool as an alternative assay to evaluate the accuracy of tablet subdivision. 27586963 10 56 theme phosphate 1183:1191 arg1 dehydrate 1193:1201 starch and dibasic phosphate dehydrate 1164:1201 starch and dibasic phosphate dehydrate 1164:1201 The presence of elastic diluents such as starch and dibasic phosphate dehydrate conferred a more appropriate behaviour for the subdivision process than plastic materials such as microcrystalline cellulose and lactose. 27586963 11 57 theme regulations 1543:1553 arg1 necessity 1523:1531 the necessity 1519:1531 the necessity of health regulations to consider subdivision performance at least in marketing authorization of generic products 1519:1645 Finally, differences were observed between generics and their innovator products in all selected drugs with regard the quality control assays in divided tablet, which highlights the necessity of health regulations to consider subdivision performance at least in marketing authorization of generic products. 27586963 9 58 theme round 1083:1087 arg1 tablets 1114:1120 round, uncoated and non-scored tablets 1083:1120 round, uncoated and non-scored tablets 1083:1120 Oblong, coated and scored tablets had better results after subdivision than round, uncoated and non-scored tablets. 27586963 1 59 theme dose 126:129 arg1 adjustment 131:140 dose adjustment 126:140 dose adjustment 126:140 Tablet subdivision is a common practice used mainly for dose adjustment. 27586963 11 60 theme drugs 1438:1442 arg1 assays 1476:1481 all selected drugs with regard the quality control assays 1425:1481 all selected drugs with regard the quality control assays in divided tablet, which highlights the necessity of health regulations to consider subdivision performance at least in marketing authorization of generic products 1425:1645 Finally, differences were observed between generics and their innovator products in all selected drugs with regard the quality control assays in divided tablet, which highlights the necessity of health regulations to consider subdivision performance at least in marketing authorization of generic products. 27586963 11 61 theme control 1468:1474 arg1 assays 1476:1481 all selected drugs with regard the quality control assays 1425:1481 all selected drugs with regard the quality control assays in divided tablet, which highlights the necessity of health regulations to consider subdivision performance at least in marketing authorization of generic products 1425:1645 Finally, differences were observed between generics and their innovator products in all selected drugs with regard the quality control assays in divided tablet, which highlights the necessity of health regulations to consider subdivision performance at least in marketing authorization of generic products. 27586963 10 62 theme starch 1164:1169 arg1 dehydrate 1193:1201 starch and dibasic phosphate dehydrate 1164:1201 starch and dibasic phosphate dehydrate 1164:1201 The presence of elastic diluents such as starch and dibasic phosphate dehydrate conferred a more appropriate behaviour for the subdivision process than plastic materials such as microcrystalline cellulose and lactose. 27586963 0 63 theme Subdivision 57:67 arg1 Accuracy 38:45 the Accuracy 34:45 the Accuracy of Tablet Subdivision 34:67 Key Technical Aspects Influencing the Accuracy of Tablet Subdivision. 27586963 4 64 theme drug 450:453 arg1 product 455:461 the innovator drug product 436:461 the innovator drug product 436:461 For each drug, the innovator drug product, a scored-generic and a non-scored generic were investigated totalizing fifteen drug products. 27586963 4 64 theme drug 450:453 arg1 drug 430:433 each drug 425:433 each drug 425:433 For each drug, the innovator drug product, a scored-generic and a non-scored generic were investigated totalizing fifteen drug products. 27586963 9 65 theme uncoated 1090:1097 arg1 tablets 1114:1120 round, uncoated and non-scored tablets 1083:1120 round, uncoated and non-scored tablets 1083:1120 Oblong, coated and scored tablets had better results after subdivision than round, uncoated and non-scored tablets. 27586963 11 66 theme subdivision 1567:1577 arg1 performance 1579:1589 subdivision performance 1567:1589 subdivision performance 1567:1589 Finally, differences were observed between generics and their innovator products in all selected drugs with regard the quality control assays in divided tablet, which highlights the necessity of health regulations to consider subdivision performance at least in marketing authorization of generic products. 26688041 4 0 from peaks 562:566 arg1 spectra 574:580 IR spectra 571:580 IR spectra of composite films which sustain that NaCMC was cross-linked with CA 571:649 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed specific peaks in IR spectra of composite films which sustain that NaCMC was cross-linked with CA. 26688041 4 1 theme Fourier 495:501 arg1 spectroscopy 524:535 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy 495:535 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 495:542 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed specific peaks in IR spectra of composite films which sustain that NaCMC was cross-linked with CA. 26688041 4 1 theme Fourier 495:501 arg1 FTIR 538:541 FTIR 538:541 FTIR 538:541 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed specific peaks in IR spectra of composite films which sustain that NaCMC was cross-linked with CA. 26688041 1 2 theme citric 190:195 arg1 CA 203:204 CA 203:204 CA 203:204 Composite films of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and bacterial cellulose (NaCMC-BC) cross-linked with citric acid (CA) were prepared by solution casting method. 26688041 1 2 theme citric 190:195 arg1 acid 197:200 citric acid 190:200 citric acid (CA) 190:205 Composite films of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and bacterial cellulose (NaCMC-BC) cross-linked with citric acid (CA) were prepared by solution casting method. 26688041 2 3 from mechanism 306:314 arg1 films 347:351 composite films 337:351 composite films 337:351 Ibuprofen sodium salt (IbuNa) has been used to study the mechanism of drug release from composite films. 26688041 6 4 theme IbuNa 886:890 arg1 release 892:898 The IbuNa release 882:898 The IbuNa release 882:898 The IbuNa release is also influenced by BC content, the drug release rate was decreasing with the increase of BC content. 26688041 2 5 used used 288:291 arg2 IbuNa 272:276 IbuNa 272:276 IbuNa 272:276 Ibuprofen sodium salt (IbuNa) has been used to study the mechanism of drug release from composite films. 26688041 2 5 used used 288:291 arg2 salt 266:269 Ibuprofen sodium salt 249:269 Ibuprofen sodium salt (IbuNa) 249:277 Ibuprofen sodium salt (IbuNa) has been used to study the mechanism of drug release from composite films. 26688041 3 6 theme Surface 354:360 arg1 morphology 362:371 Surface morphology 354:371 Surface morphology 354:371 Surface morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and proved that the BC content influences the aspect of the films. 26688041 0 7 from films 80:84 arg1 kinetics 13:20 Drug release kinetics 0:20 Drug release kinetics from carboxymethylcellulose-bacterial cellulose composite films 0:84 Drug release kinetics from carboxymethylcellulose-bacterial cellulose composite films. 26688041 1 8 theme Composite 87:95 arg1 films 97:101 Composite films 87:101 Composite films of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and bacterial cellulose (NaCMC-BC) cross-linked with citric acid (CA) 87:205 Composite films of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and bacterial cellulose (NaCMC-BC) cross-linked with citric acid (CA) were prepared by solution casting method. 26688041 4 9 theme IR 571:572 arg1 spectra 574:580 IR spectra 571:580 IR spectra of composite films which sustain that NaCMC was cross-linked with CA 571:649 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed specific peaks in IR spectra of composite films which sustain that NaCMC was cross-linked with CA. 26688041 5 10 theme due 782:784 arg1 expansion 772:780 the volume expansion 761:780 the volume expansion due to polymer swelling 761:804 Starting from swelling observations, the release kinetic of IbuNa was described using a model which neglects the volume expansion due to polymer swelling and which considers non-linear diffusion coefficients for drug and solvent. 26688041 6 11 theme BC 992:993 arg1 content 995:1001 BC content 992:1001 BC content 992:1001 The IbuNa release is also influenced by BC content, the drug release rate was decreasing with the increase of BC content. 26688041 5 12 theme diffusion 837:845 arg1 coefficients 847:858 non-linear diffusion coefficients 826:858 non-linear diffusion coefficients for drug and solvent 826:879 Starting from swelling observations, the release kinetic of IbuNa was described using a model which neglects the volume expansion due to polymer swelling and which considers non-linear diffusion coefficients for drug and solvent. 26688041 3 13 theme electron 402:409 arg1 SEM 423:425 SEM 423:425 SEM 423:425 Surface morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and proved that the BC content influences the aspect of the films. 26688041 3 13 theme electron 402:409 arg1 microscopy 411:420 scanning electron microscopy 393:420 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 393:426 Surface morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and proved that the BC content influences the aspect of the films. 26688041 2 14 from films 347:351 arg1 release 324:330 drug release 319:330 drug release from composite films 319:351 Ibuprofen sodium salt (IbuNa) has been used to study the mechanism of drug release from composite films. 26688041 2 14 from films 347:351 arg1 mechanism 306:314 the mechanism 302:314 the mechanism of drug release from composite films 302:351 Ibuprofen sodium salt (IbuNa) has been used to study the mechanism of drug release from composite films. 26688041 0 15 theme release 5:11 arg1 kinetics 13:20 Drug release kinetics 0:20 Drug release kinetics from carboxymethylcellulose-bacterial cellulose composite films 0:84 Drug release kinetics from carboxymethylcellulose-bacterial cellulose composite films. 26688041 1 16 theme sodium 106:111 arg1 cellulose 127:135 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 106:135 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 106:135 Composite films of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and bacterial cellulose (NaCMC-BC) cross-linked with citric acid (CA) were prepared by solution casting method. 26688041 0 17 theme Drug 0:3 arg1 kinetics 13:20 Drug release kinetics 0:20 Drug release kinetics from carboxymethylcellulose-bacterial cellulose composite films 0:84 Drug release kinetics from carboxymethylcellulose-bacterial cellulose composite films. 26688041 6 18 theme release 943:949 arg1 rate 951:954 the drug release rate 934:954 the drug release rate 934:954 The IbuNa release is also influenced by BC content, the drug release rate was decreasing with the increase of BC content. 26688041 1 19 theme carboxymethyl 113:125 arg1 cellulose 127:135 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 106:135 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 106:135 Composite films of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and bacterial cellulose (NaCMC-BC) cross-linked with citric acid (CA) were prepared by solution casting method. 26688041 5 20 theme polymer 789:795 arg1 swelling 797:804 polymer swelling 789:804 polymer swelling 789:804 Starting from swelling observations, the release kinetic of IbuNa was described using a model which neglects the volume expansion due to polymer swelling and which considers non-linear diffusion coefficients for drug and solvent. 26688041 6 21 theme drug 938:941 arg1 rate 951:954 the drug release rate 934:954 the drug release rate 934:954 The IbuNa release is also influenced by BC content, the drug release rate was decreasing with the increase of BC content. 26688041 1 22 theme cellulose 127:135 arg1 films 97:101 Composite films 87:101 Composite films of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and bacterial cellulose (NaCMC-BC) cross-linked with citric acid (CA) 87:205 Composite films of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and bacterial cellulose (NaCMC-BC) cross-linked with citric acid (CA) were prepared by solution casting method. 26688041 3 23 theme BC 448:449 arg1 content 451:457 the BC content 444:457 the BC content 444:457 Surface morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and proved that the BC content influences the aspect of the films. 26688041 4 24 theme specific 553:560 arg1 peaks 562:566 specific peaks 553:566 specific peaks in IR spectra of composite films which sustain that NaCMC was cross-linked with CA 553:649 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed specific peaks in IR spectra of composite films which sustain that NaCMC was cross-linked with CA. 26688041 2 25 theme composite 337:345 arg1 films 347:351 composite films 337:351 composite films 337:351 Ibuprofen sodium salt (IbuNa) has been used to study the mechanism of drug release from composite films. 26688041 0 26 theme cellulose 60:68 arg1 films 80:84 carboxymethylcellulose-bacterial cellulose composite films 27:84 carboxymethylcellulose-bacterial cellulose composite films 27:84 Drug release kinetics from carboxymethylcellulose-bacterial cellulose composite films. 26688041 2 27 theme release 324:330 arg1 mechanism 306:314 the mechanism 302:314 the mechanism of drug release from composite films 302:351 Ibuprofen sodium salt (IbuNa) has been used to study the mechanism of drug release from composite films. 26688041 2 28 theme Ibuprofen 249:257 arg1 salt 266:269 Ibuprofen sodium salt 249:269 Ibuprofen sodium salt (IbuNa) 249:277 Ibuprofen sodium salt (IbuNa) has been used to study the mechanism of drug release from composite films. 26688041 2 28 theme Ibuprofen 249:257 arg1 IbuNa 272:276 IbuNa 272:276 IbuNa 272:276 Ibuprofen sodium salt (IbuNa) has been used to study the mechanism of drug release from composite films. 26688041 0 29 theme carboxymethylcellulose-bacterial 27:58 arg1 films 80:84 carboxymethylcellulose-bacterial cellulose composite films 27:84 carboxymethylcellulose-bacterial cellulose composite films 27:84 Drug release kinetics from carboxymethylcellulose-bacterial cellulose composite films. 26688041 4 30 theme infrared 515:522 arg1 spectroscopy 524:535 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy 495:535 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 495:542 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed specific peaks in IR spectra of composite films which sustain that NaCMC was cross-linked with CA. 26688041 4 30 theme infrared 515:522 arg1 FTIR 538:541 FTIR 538:541 FTIR 538:541 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed specific peaks in IR spectra of composite films which sustain that NaCMC was cross-linked with CA. 26688041 5 31 theme kinetic 701:707 arg1 release 693:699 the release kinetic 689:707 the release kinetic of IbuNa 689:716 Starting from swelling observations, the release kinetic of IbuNa was described using a model which neglects the volume expansion due to polymer swelling and which considers non-linear diffusion coefficients for drug and solvent. 26688041 5 32 theme IbuNa 712:716 arg1 release 693:699 the release kinetic 689:707 the release kinetic of IbuNa 689:716 Starting from swelling observations, the release kinetic of IbuNa was described using a model which neglects the volume expansion due to polymer swelling and which considers non-linear diffusion coefficients for drug and solvent. 26688041 1 33 theme solution 224:231 arg1 method 241:246 solution casting method 224:246 solution casting method 224:246 Composite films of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and bacterial cellulose (NaCMC-BC) cross-linked with citric acid (CA) were prepared by solution casting method. 26688041 3 34 theme scanning 393:400 arg1 SEM 423:425 SEM 423:425 SEM 423:425 Surface morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and proved that the BC content influences the aspect of the films. 26688041 3 34 theme scanning 393:400 arg1 microscopy 411:420 scanning electron microscopy 393:420 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 393:426 Surface morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and proved that the BC content influences the aspect of the films. 26688041 4 35 theme transformed 503:513 arg1 spectroscopy 524:535 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy 495:535 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 495:542 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed specific peaks in IR spectra of composite films which sustain that NaCMC was cross-linked with CA. 26688041 4 35 theme transformed 503:513 arg1 FTIR 538:541 FTIR 538:541 FTIR 538:541 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed specific peaks in IR spectra of composite films which sustain that NaCMC was cross-linked with CA. 26688041 6 36 theme content 995:1001 arg1 increase 980:987 the increase 976:987 the increase of BC content 976:1001 The IbuNa release is also influenced by BC content, the drug release rate was decreasing with the increase of BC content. 26688041 1 37 theme bacterial 141:149 arg1 NaCMC-BC 162:169 NaCMC-BC 162:169 NaCMC-BC 162:169 Composite films of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and bacterial cellulose (NaCMC-BC) cross-linked with citric acid (CA) were prepared by solution casting method. 26688041 1 37 theme bacterial 141:149 arg1 cellulose 151:159 bacterial cellulose 141:159 bacterial cellulose (NaCMC-BC) 141:170 Composite films of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and bacterial cellulose (NaCMC-BC) cross-linked with citric acid (CA) were prepared by solution casting method. 26688041 0 38 theme composite 70:78 arg1 films 80:84 carboxymethylcellulose-bacterial cellulose composite films 27:84 carboxymethylcellulose-bacterial cellulose composite films 27:84 Drug release kinetics from carboxymethylcellulose-bacterial cellulose composite films. 26688041 3 39 theme films 488:492 arg1 aspect 474:479 the aspect 470:479 the aspect of the films 470:492 Surface morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and proved that the BC content influences the aspect of the films. 26688041 1 40 theme cellulose 151:159 arg1 films 97:101 Composite films 87:101 Composite films of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and bacterial cellulose (NaCMC-BC) cross-linked with citric acid (CA) 87:205 Composite films of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and bacterial cellulose (NaCMC-BC) cross-linked with citric acid (CA) were prepared by solution casting method. 26688041 5 41 theme swelling 666:673 arg1 observations 675:686 swelling observations 666:686 swelling observations 666:686 Starting from swelling observations, the release kinetic of IbuNa was described using a model which neglects the volume expansion due to polymer swelling and which considers non-linear diffusion coefficients for drug and solvent. 26688041 2 42 theme drug 319:322 arg1 release 324:330 drug release 319:330 drug release from composite films 319:351 Ibuprofen sodium salt (IbuNa) has been used to study the mechanism of drug release from composite films. 26688041 1 43 theme casting 233:239 arg1 method 241:246 solution casting method 224:246 solution casting method 224:246 Composite films of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and bacterial cellulose (NaCMC-BC) cross-linked with citric acid (CA) were prepared by solution casting method. 26688041 5 44 theme non-linear 826:835 arg1 coefficients 847:858 non-linear diffusion coefficients 826:858 non-linear diffusion coefficients for drug and solvent 826:879 Starting from swelling observations, the release kinetic of IbuNa was described using a model which neglects the volume expansion due to polymer swelling and which considers non-linear diffusion coefficients for drug and solvent. 26688041 5 45 theme volume 765:770 arg1 expansion 772:780 the volume expansion 761:780 the volume expansion due to polymer swelling 761:804 Starting from swelling observations, the release kinetic of IbuNa was described using a model which neglects the volume expansion due to polymer swelling and which considers non-linear diffusion coefficients for drug and solvent. 26688041 2 46 theme sodium 259:264 arg1 salt 266:269 Ibuprofen sodium salt 249:269 Ibuprofen sodium salt (IbuNa) 249:277 Ibuprofen sodium salt (IbuNa) has been used to study the mechanism of drug release from composite films. 26688041 2 46 theme sodium 259:264 arg1 IbuNa 272:276 IbuNa 272:276 IbuNa 272:276 Ibuprofen sodium salt (IbuNa) has been used to study the mechanism of drug release from composite films. 26688041 4 47 theme composite 585:593 arg1 films 595:599 composite films 585:599 composite films which sustain that NaCMC was cross-linked with CA 585:649 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed specific peaks in IR spectra of composite films which sustain that NaCMC was cross-linked with CA. 26688041 6 48 theme BC 922:923 arg1 content 925:931 BC content 922:931 BC content 922:931 The IbuNa release is also influenced by BC content, the drug release rate was decreasing with the increase of BC content. 26688041 4 49 theme films 595:599 arg1 spectra 574:580 IR spectra 571:580 IR spectra of composite films which sustain that NaCMC was cross-linked with CA 571:649 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed specific peaks in IR spectra of composite films which sustain that NaCMC was cross-linked with CA. 26773961 0 0 theme Liquid 92:97 arg1 Chromatography 99:112 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography 75:112 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography 75:112 Enantiomeric Separations of Pyriproxyfen and its Six Chiral Metabolites by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. 26773961 8 1 theme Chiralpak 1457:1465 arg1 IA 1467:1468 Chiralpak IA 1457:1468 Chiralpak IA 1457:1468 The enantiomers of pyriproxyfen and the metabolites , , and obtained complete separations on Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IC, and Lux Cellulose-3 under reverse phase using acetonitrile/water as the mobile phase. 26773961 0 2 theme High-Performance 75:90 arg1 Chromatography 99:112 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography 75:112 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography 75:112 Enantiomeric Separations of Pyriproxyfen and its Six Chiral Metabolites by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. 26773961 8 3 theme complete 1433:1440 arg1 separations 1442:1452 complete separations 1433:1452 complete separations on Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IC, and Lux Cellulose-3 1433:1503 The enantiomers of pyriproxyfen and the metabolites , , and obtained complete separations on Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IC, and Lux Cellulose-3 under reverse phase using acetonitrile/water as the mobile phase. 26773961 7 4 theme pyriproxyfen 1176:1187 arg1 separation 1162:1171 The simultaneous enantiomeric separation 1132:1171 The simultaneous enantiomeric separation of pyriproxyfen and four chiral metabolites 1132:1215 The simultaneous enantiomeric separation of pyriproxyfen and four chiral metabolites was achieved on Chiralcel OJ-H under optimized condition: n-hexane/isopropanol = 80/20, 15°C, flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, and UV detection at 230 nm. 26773961 4 5 from effects 612:618 arg1 separations 710:720 the separations 706:720 the separations 706:720 The effects of the chromatographic parameters such as mobile phase composition and temperature on the separations were investigated and the enantiomers were identified with an optical rotation detector. 26773961 10 6 from investigation 1769:1781 arg1 level 1849:1853 an enantiomeric level 1833:1853 an enantiomeric level 1833:1853 The work is of significance for the investigation of the environmental behaviors of pyriproxyfen on an enantiomeric level. 26773961 6 7 with results 1059:1065 arg1 n-hexane 1072:1079 n-hexane 1072:1079 n-hexane 1072:1079 Chiralcel OJ-H showed the best chiral separation results with n-hexane as mobile phase and isopropanol (IPA) as modifier. 26773961 9 8 theme retention 1575:1583 arg1 k 1594:1594 k 1594:1594 k 1594:1594 The retention factors (k) and selectivity factors (α) decreased with increasing temperature, and the separations were better under low temperature in most cases. 26773961 9 8 theme retention 1575:1583 arg1 factors 1585:1591 The retention factors 1571:1591 The retention factors (k) 1571:1595 The retention factors (k) and selectivity factors (α) decreased with increasing temperature, and the separations were better under low temperature in most cases. 26773961 10 9 theme enantiomeric 1836:1847 arg1 level 1849:1853 an enantiomeric level 1833:1853 an enantiomeric level 1833:1853 The work is of significance for the investigation of the environmental behaviors of pyriproxyfen on an enantiomeric level. 26773961 7 10 theme UV 1340:1341 arg1 detection 1343:1351 UV detection 1340:1351 UV detection 1340:1351 The simultaneous enantiomeric separation of pyriproxyfen and four chiral metabolites was achieved on Chiralcel OJ-H under optimized condition: n-hexane/isopropanol = 80/20, 15°C, flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, and UV detection at 230 nm. 26773961 6 11 theme mobile 1084:1089 arg1 phase 1091:1095 mobile phase 1084:1095 mobile phase 1084:1095 Chiralcel OJ-H showed the best chiral separation results with n-hexane as mobile phase and isopropanol (IPA) as modifier. 26773961 8 12 theme mobile 1557:1562 arg1 acetonitrile/water 1531:1548 acetonitrile/water 1531:1548 acetonitrile/water 1531:1548 The enantiomers of pyriproxyfen and the metabolites , , and obtained complete separations on Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IC, and Lux Cellulose-3 under reverse phase using acetonitrile/water as the mobile phase. 26773961 8 12 theme mobile 1557:1562 arg1 phase 1564:1568 the mobile phase 1553:1568 the mobile phase 1553:1568 The enantiomers of pyriproxyfen and the metabolites , , and obtained complete separations on Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IC, and Lux Cellulose-3 under reverse phase using acetonitrile/water as the mobile phase. 26773961 6 13 theme chiral 1041:1046 arg1 results 1059:1065 the best chiral separation results 1032:1065 the best chiral separation results with n-hexane 1032:1079 Chiralcel OJ-H showed the best chiral separation results with n-hexane as mobile phase and isopropanol (IPA) as modifier. 26773961 4 14 theme parameters 643:652 arg1 effects 612:618 The effects 608:618 The effects of the chromatographic parameters such as mobile phase composition and temperature on the separations 608:720 The effects of the chromatographic parameters such as mobile phase composition and temperature on the separations were investigated and the enantiomers were identified with an optical rotation detector. 26773961 4 15 theme optical 784:790 arg1 detector 801:808 an optical rotation detector 781:808 an optical rotation detector 781:808 The effects of the chromatographic parameters such as mobile phase composition and temperature on the separations were investigated and the enantiomers were identified with an optical rotation detector. 26773961 3 16 theme chiral 435:440 arg1 Chiralcel 492:500 Chiralcel 492:500 Chiralcel 492:500 Both normal phase and reverse phase were applied using the chiral columns Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralpak IC, Chiralcel OD, Chiralcel OD-RH, Chiralpak AY-H, Chiralpak AD-H, Chiracel OJ-H, (R,R)-Whelk-O 1, and Lux Cellulose-3. 26773961 3 16 theme chiral 435:440 arg1 IB 474:475 Chiralpak IB 464:475 Chiralpak IB 464:475 Both normal phase and reverse phase were applied using the chiral columns Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralpak IC, Chiralcel OD, Chiralcel OD-RH, Chiralpak AY-H, Chiralpak AD-H, Chiracel OJ-H, (R,R)-Whelk-O 1, and Lux Cellulose-3. 26773961 3 16 theme chiral 435:440 arg1 columns 442:448 the chiral columns 431:448 the chiral columns Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralpak IC, Chiralcel OD, Chiralcel OD-RH, Chiralpak AY-H, Chiralpak AD-H, Chiracel OJ-H, (R,R)-Whelk-O 1, and Lux Cellulose-3 431:605 Both normal phase and reverse phase were applied using the chiral columns Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralpak IC, Chiralcel OD, Chiralcel OD-RH, Chiralpak AY-H, Chiralpak AD-H, Chiracel OJ-H, (R,R)-Whelk-O 1, and Lux Cellulose-3. 26773961 3 16 theme chiral 435:440 arg1 IC 488:489 Chiralpak IC 478:489 Chiralpak IC 478:489 Both normal phase and reverse phase were applied using the chiral columns Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralpak IC, Chiralcel OD, Chiralcel OD-RH, Chiralpak AY-H, Chiralpak AD-H, Chiracel OJ-H, (R,R)-Whelk-O 1, and Lux Cellulose-3. 26773961 3 16 theme chiral 435:440 arg1 IA 460:461 Chiralpak IA 450:461 Chiralpak IA 450:461 Both normal phase and reverse phase were applied using the chiral columns Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralpak IC, Chiralcel OD, Chiralcel OD-RH, Chiralpak AY-H, Chiralpak AD-H, Chiracel OJ-H, (R,R)-Whelk-O 1, and Lux Cellulose-3. 26773961 3 16 theme chiral 435:440 arg1 Cellulose-3 595:605 Lux Cellulose-3 591:605 Lux Cellulose-3 591:605 Both normal phase and reverse phase were applied using the chiral columns Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralpak IC, Chiralcel OD, Chiralcel OD-RH, Chiralpak AY-H, Chiralpak AD-H, Chiracel OJ-H, (R,R)-Whelk-O 1, and Lux Cellulose-3. 26773961 8 17 theme metabolites 1404:1414 arg1 enantiomers 1368:1378 The enantiomers 1364:1378 The enantiomers 1364:1378 The enantiomers of pyriproxyfen and the metabolites , , and obtained complete separations on Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IC, and Lux Cellulose-3 under reverse phase using acetonitrile/water as the mobile phase. 26773961 6 18 theme separation 1048:1057 arg1 results 1059:1065 the best chiral separation results 1032:1065 the best chiral separation results with n-hexane 1032:1079 Chiralcel OJ-H showed the best chiral separation results with n-hexane as mobile phase and isopropanol (IPA) as modifier. 26773961 2 19 theme pyriproxyfen 269:280 arg1 enantiomers 254:264 the enantiomers 250:264 the enantiomers of pyriproxyfen and its six chiral metabolites 250:311 In this work the separations of the enantiomers of pyriproxyfen and its six chiral metabolites were studied by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 26773961 9 20 theme low 1702:1704 arg1 temperature 1706:1716 low temperature 1702:1716 low temperature in most cases 1702:1730 The retention factors (k) and selectivity factors (α) decreased with increasing temperature, and the separations were better under low temperature in most cases. 26773961 7 21 theme simultaneous 1136:1147 arg1 separation 1162:1171 The simultaneous enantiomeric separation 1132:1171 The simultaneous enantiomeric separation of pyriproxyfen and four chiral metabolites 1132:1215 The simultaneous enantiomeric separation of pyriproxyfen and four chiral metabolites was achieved on Chiralcel OJ-H under optimized condition: n-hexane/isopropanol = 80/20, 15°C, flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, and UV detection at 230 nm. 26773961 5 22 theme factor 890:895 arg1 separations 866:876 complete separations 857:876 complete separations (resolution factor Rs > 1.5) on Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralcel OD, Chiralpak AY-H, or Chiracel OJ-H 857:983 The enantiomers of these targets could obtain complete separations (resolution factor Rs > 1.5) on Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralcel OD, Chiralpak AY-H, or Chiracel OJ-H under normal conditions. 26773961 5 22 theme factor 890:895 arg1 Rs > 1.5 897:904 resolution factor Rs > 1.5 879:904 resolution factor Rs > 1.5 879:904 The enantiomers of these targets could obtain complete separations (resolution factor Rs > 1.5) on Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralcel OD, Chiralpak AY-H, or Chiracel OJ-H under normal conditions. 26773961 7 23 theme metabolites 1205:1215 arg1 separation 1162:1171 The simultaneous enantiomeric separation 1132:1171 The simultaneous enantiomeric separation of pyriproxyfen and four chiral metabolites 1132:1215 The simultaneous enantiomeric separation of pyriproxyfen and four chiral metabolites was achieved on Chiralcel OJ-H under optimized condition: n-hexane/isopropanol = 80/20, 15°C, flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, and UV detection at 230 nm. 26773961 7 24 theme optimized 1254:1262 arg1 condition 1264:1272 optimized condition 1254:1272 optimized condition 1254:1272 The simultaneous enantiomeric separation of pyriproxyfen and four chiral metabolites was achieved on Chiralcel OJ-H under optimized condition: n-hexane/isopropanol = 80/20, 15°C, flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, and UV detection at 230 nm. 26773961 0 25 theme Enantiomeric 0:11 arg1 Separations 13:23 Enantiomeric Separations 0:23 Enantiomeric Separations of Pyriproxyfen 0:39 Enantiomeric Separations of Pyriproxyfen and its Six Chiral Metabolites by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. 26773961 8 26 theme Chiralpak 1471:1479 arg1 IC 1481:1482 Chiralpak IC 1471:1482 Chiralpak IC 1471:1482 The enantiomers of pyriproxyfen and the metabolites , , and obtained complete separations on Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IC, and Lux Cellulose-3 under reverse phase using acetonitrile/water as the mobile phase. 26773961 4 27 theme rotation 792:799 arg1 detector 801:808 an optical rotation detector 781:808 an optical rotation detector 781:808 The effects of the chromatographic parameters such as mobile phase composition and temperature on the separations were investigated and the enantiomers were identified with an optical rotation detector. 26773961 3 28 dep Chiralcel 492:500 arg1 R 571:571 R 571:571 R 571:571 Both normal phase and reverse phase were applied using the chiral columns Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralpak IC, Chiralcel OD, Chiralcel OD-RH, Chiralpak AY-H, Chiralpak AD-H, Chiracel OJ-H, (R,R)-Whelk-O 1, and Lux Cellulose-3. 26773961 3 28 dep Chiralcel 492:500 arg1 -Whelk-O 575:582 -Whelk-O 1 575:584 Chiralcel OD, Chiralcel OD-RH, Chiralpak AY-H, Chiralpak AD-H, Chiracel OJ-H, (R,R)-Whelk-O 1 492:584 Both normal phase and reverse phase were applied using the chiral columns Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralpak IC, Chiralcel OD, Chiralcel OD-RH, Chiralpak AY-H, Chiralpak AD-H, Chiracel OJ-H, (R,R)-Whelk-O 1, and Lux Cellulose-3. 26773961 3 28 dep Chiralcel 492:500 arg1 R 573:573 R 573:573 R 573:573 Both normal phase and reverse phase were applied using the chiral columns Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralpak IC, Chiralcel OD, Chiralcel OD-RH, Chiralpak AY-H, Chiralpak AD-H, Chiracel OJ-H, (R,R)-Whelk-O 1, and Lux Cellulose-3. 26773961 7 29 theme flow 1311:1314 arg1 rate 1316:1319 flow rate 1311:1319 flow rate of 0.8 ml/min 1311:1333 The simultaneous enantiomeric separation of pyriproxyfen and four chiral metabolites was achieved on Chiralcel OJ-H under optimized condition: n-hexane/isopropanol = 80/20, 15°C, flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, and UV detection at 230 nm. 26773961 0 30 theme Pyriproxyfen 28:39 arg1 Metabolites 60:70 Six Chiral Metabolites 49:70 its Six Chiral Metabolites 45:70 Enantiomeric Separations of Pyriproxyfen and its Six Chiral Metabolites by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. 26773961 0 30 theme Pyriproxyfen 28:39 arg1 Separations 13:23 Enantiomeric Separations 0:23 Enantiomeric Separations of Pyriproxyfen 0:39 Enantiomeric Separations of Pyriproxyfen and its Six Chiral Metabolites by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. 26773961 4 31 theme mobile 662:667 arg1 phase 669:673 mobile phase composition and temperature 662:701 phase 669:673 The effects of the chromatographic parameters such as mobile phase composition and temperature on the separations were investigated and the enantiomers were identified with an optical rotation detector. 26773961 9 32 theme selectivity 1601:1611 arg1 α 1622:1622 α 1622:1622 α 1622:1622 The retention factors (k) and selectivity factors (α) decreased with increasing temperature, and the separations were better under low temperature in most cases. 26773961 9 32 theme selectivity 1601:1611 arg1 factors 1613:1619 selectivity factors 1601:1619 selectivity factors (α) 1601:1623 The retention factors (k) and selectivity factors (α) decreased with increasing temperature, and the separations were better under low temperature in most cases. 26773961 5 33 from separations 866:876 arg1 Chiralcel 938:946 Chiralcel 938:946 Chiralcel 938:946 The enantiomers of these targets could obtain complete separations (resolution factor Rs > 1.5) on Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralcel OD, Chiralpak AY-H, or Chiracel OJ-H under normal conditions. 26773961 5 33 from separations 866:876 arg1 IA 920:921 IA 920:921 IA 920:921 The enantiomers of these targets could obtain complete separations (resolution factor Rs > 1.5) on Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralcel OD, Chiralpak AY-H, or Chiracel OJ-H under normal conditions. 26773961 5 33 from separations 866:876 arg1 IB 934:935 Chiralpak IB 924:935 Chiralpak IB 924:935 The enantiomers of these targets could obtain complete separations (resolution factor Rs > 1.5) on Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralcel OD, Chiralpak AY-H, or Chiracel OJ-H under normal conditions. 26773961 5 33 from separations 866:876 arg1 AY-H 962:965 AY-H 962:965 AY-H 962:965 The enantiomers of these targets could obtain complete separations (resolution factor Rs > 1.5) on Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralcel OD, Chiralpak AY-H, or Chiracel OJ-H under normal conditions. 26773961 5 33 from separations 866:876 arg1 OJ-H 980:983 OJ-H 980:983 OJ-H 980:983 The enantiomers of these targets could obtain complete separations (resolution factor Rs > 1.5) on Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralcel OD, Chiralpak AY-H, or Chiracel OJ-H under normal conditions. 26773961 2 34 theme metabolites 301:311 arg1 enantiomers 254:264 the enantiomers 250:264 the enantiomers of pyriproxyfen and its six chiral metabolites 250:311 In this work the separations of the enantiomers of pyriproxyfen and its six chiral metabolites were studied by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 26773961 3 35 theme normal 381:386 arg1 phase 388:392 normal phase 381:392 normal phase 381:392 Both normal phase and reverse phase were applied using the chiral columns Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralpak IC, Chiralcel OD, Chiralcel OD-RH, Chiralpak AY-H, Chiralpak AD-H, Chiracel OJ-H, (R,R)-Whelk-O 1, and Lux Cellulose-3. 26773961 5 36 theme normal 991:996 arg1 conditions 998:1007 normal conditions 991:1007 normal conditions 991:1007 The enantiomers of these targets could obtain complete separations (resolution factor Rs > 1.5) on Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralcel OD, Chiralpak AY-H, or Chiracel OJ-H under normal conditions. 26773961 2 37 theme chiral 294:299 arg1 metabolites 301:311 six chiral metabolites 290:311 its six chiral metabolites 286:311 In this work the separations of the enantiomers of pyriproxyfen and its six chiral metabolites were studied by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 26773961 3 38 theme Chiralpak 464:472 arg1 IB 474:475 Chiralpak IB 464:475 Chiralpak IB 464:475 Both normal phase and reverse phase were applied using the chiral columns Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralpak IC, Chiralcel OD, Chiralcel OD-RH, Chiralpak AY-H, Chiralpak AD-H, Chiracel OJ-H, (R,R)-Whelk-O 1, and Lux Cellulose-3. 26773961 3 38 theme Chiralpak 464:472 arg1 columns 442:448 the chiral columns 431:448 the chiral columns Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralpak IC, Chiralcel OD, Chiralcel OD-RH, Chiralpak AY-H, Chiralpak AD-H, Chiracel OJ-H, (R,R)-Whelk-O 1, and Lux Cellulose-3 431:605 Both normal phase and reverse phase were applied using the chiral columns Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralpak IC, Chiralcel OD, Chiralcel OD-RH, Chiralpak AY-H, Chiralpak AD-H, Chiracel OJ-H, (R,R)-Whelk-O 1, and Lux Cellulose-3. 26773961 10 39 theme behaviors 1804:1812 arg1 investigation 1769:1781 the investigation 1765:1781 the investigation of the environmental behaviors of pyriproxyfen on an enantiomeric level 1765:1853 The work is of significance for the investigation of the environmental behaviors of pyriproxyfen on an enantiomeric level. 26773961 2 40 theme liquid 346:351 arg1 HPLC 369:372 HPLC 369:372 HPLC 369:372 In this work the separations of the enantiomers of pyriproxyfen and its six chiral metabolites were studied by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 26773961 2 40 theme liquid 346:351 arg1 chromatography 353:366 high-performance liquid chromatography 329:366 high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 329:373 In this work the separations of the enantiomers of pyriproxyfen and its six chiral metabolites were studied by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 26773961 7 41 from nm 1360:1361 arg1 condition 1264:1272 optimized condition 1254:1272 optimized condition 1254:1272 The simultaneous enantiomeric separation of pyriproxyfen and four chiral metabolites was achieved on Chiralcel OJ-H under optimized condition: n-hexane/isopropanol = 80/20, 15°C, flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, and UV detection at 230 nm. 26773961 7 41 from nm 1360:1361 arg1 detection 1343:1351 UV detection 1340:1351 UV detection 1340:1351 The simultaneous enantiomeric separation of pyriproxyfen and four chiral metabolites was achieved on Chiralcel OJ-H under optimized condition: n-hexane/isopropanol = 80/20, 15°C, flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, and UV detection at 230 nm. 26773961 7 41 from nm 1360:1361 arg1 15°C 1305:1308 15°C 1305:1308 15°C 1305:1308 The simultaneous enantiomeric separation of pyriproxyfen and four chiral metabolites was achieved on Chiralcel OJ-H under optimized condition: n-hexane/isopropanol = 80/20, 15°C, flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, and UV detection at 230 nm. 26773961 7 41 from nm 1360:1361 arg1 rate 1316:1319 flow rate 1311:1319 flow rate of 0.8 ml/min 1311:1333 The simultaneous enantiomeric separation of pyriproxyfen and four chiral metabolites was achieved on Chiralcel OJ-H under optimized condition: n-hexane/isopropanol = 80/20, 15°C, flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, and UV detection at 230 nm. 26773961 3 42 theme Chiralpak 450:458 arg1 IA 460:461 Chiralpak IA 450:461 Chiralpak IA 450:461 Both normal phase and reverse phase were applied using the chiral columns Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralpak IC, Chiralcel OD, Chiralcel OD-RH, Chiralpak AY-H, Chiralpak AD-H, Chiracel OJ-H, (R,R)-Whelk-O 1, and Lux Cellulose-3. 26773961 3 42 theme Chiralpak 450:458 arg1 columns 442:448 the chiral columns 431:448 the chiral columns Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralpak IC, Chiralcel OD, Chiralcel OD-RH, Chiralpak AY-H, Chiralpak AD-H, Chiracel OJ-H, (R,R)-Whelk-O 1, and Lux Cellulose-3 431:605 Both normal phase and reverse phase were applied using the chiral columns Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralpak IC, Chiralcel OD, Chiralcel OD-RH, Chiralpak AY-H, Chiralpak AD-H, Chiracel OJ-H, (R,R)-Whelk-O 1, and Lux Cellulose-3. 26773961 6 43 theme Chiralcel 1010:1018 arg1 OJ-H 1020:1023 Chiralcel OJ-H 1010:1023 Chiralcel OJ-H 1010:1023 Chiralcel OJ-H showed the best chiral separation results with n-hexane as mobile phase and isopropanol (IPA) as modifier. 26773961 8 44 theme Lux 1489:1491 arg1 Cellulose-3 1493:1503 Lux Cellulose-3 1489:1503 Lux Cellulose-3 1489:1503 The enantiomers of pyriproxyfen and the metabolites , , and obtained complete separations on Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IC, and Lux Cellulose-3 under reverse phase using acetonitrile/water as the mobile phase. 26773961 8 45 theme pyriproxyfen 1383:1394 arg1 enantiomers 1368:1378 The enantiomers 1364:1378 The enantiomers 1364:1378 The enantiomers of pyriproxyfen and the metabolites , , and obtained complete separations on Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IC, and Lux Cellulose-3 under reverse phase using acetonitrile/water as the mobile phase. 26773961 7 46 theme ml/min 1328:1333 arg1 condition 1264:1272 optimized condition 1254:1272 optimized condition 1254:1272 The simultaneous enantiomeric separation of pyriproxyfen and four chiral metabolites was achieved on Chiralcel OJ-H under optimized condition: n-hexane/isopropanol = 80/20, 15°C, flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, and UV detection at 230 nm. 26773961 7 46 theme ml/min 1328:1333 arg1 detection 1343:1351 UV detection 1340:1351 UV detection 1340:1351 The simultaneous enantiomeric separation of pyriproxyfen and four chiral metabolites was achieved on Chiralcel OJ-H under optimized condition: n-hexane/isopropanol = 80/20, 15°C, flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, and UV detection at 230 nm. 26773961 7 46 theme ml/min 1328:1333 arg1 15°C 1305:1308 15°C 1305:1308 15°C 1305:1308 The simultaneous enantiomeric separation of pyriproxyfen and four chiral metabolites was achieved on Chiralcel OJ-H under optimized condition: n-hexane/isopropanol = 80/20, 15°C, flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, and UV detection at 230 nm. 26773961 7 46 theme ml/min 1328:1333 arg1 rate 1316:1319 flow rate 1311:1319 flow rate of 0.8 ml/min 1311:1333 The simultaneous enantiomeric separation of pyriproxyfen and four chiral metabolites was achieved on Chiralcel OJ-H under optimized condition: n-hexane/isopropanol = 80/20, 15°C, flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, and UV detection at 230 nm. 26773961 3 47 theme reverse 398:404 arg1 phase 406:410 reverse phase 398:410 reverse phase 398:410 Both normal phase and reverse phase were applied using the chiral columns Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralpak IC, Chiralcel OD, Chiralcel OD-RH, Chiralpak AY-H, Chiralpak AD-H, Chiracel OJ-H, (R,R)-Whelk-O 1, and Lux Cellulose-3. 26773961 9 48 theme most 1721:1724 arg1 cases 1726:1730 most cases 1721:1730 most cases 1721:1730 The retention factors (k) and selectivity factors (α) decreased with increasing temperature, and the separations were better under low temperature in most cases. 26773961 3 49 theme Chiralpak 478:486 arg1 columns 442:448 the chiral columns 431:448 the chiral columns Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralpak IC, Chiralcel OD, Chiralcel OD-RH, Chiralpak AY-H, Chiralpak AD-H, Chiracel OJ-H, (R,R)-Whelk-O 1, and Lux Cellulose-3 431:605 Both normal phase and reverse phase were applied using the chiral columns Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralpak IC, Chiralcel OD, Chiralcel OD-RH, Chiralpak AY-H, Chiralpak AD-H, Chiracel OJ-H, (R,R)-Whelk-O 1, and Lux Cellulose-3. 26773961 3 49 theme Chiralpak 478:486 arg1 IC 488:489 Chiralpak IC 478:489 Chiralpak IC 478:489 Both normal phase and reverse phase were applied using the chiral columns Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralpak IC, Chiralcel OD, Chiralcel OD-RH, Chiralpak AY-H, Chiralpak AD-H, Chiracel OJ-H, (R,R)-Whelk-O 1, and Lux Cellulose-3. 26773961 8 50 from separations 1442:1452 arg1 IC 1481:1482 Chiralpak IC 1471:1482 Chiralpak IC 1471:1482 The enantiomers of pyriproxyfen and the metabolites , , and obtained complete separations on Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IC, and Lux Cellulose-3 under reverse phase using acetonitrile/water as the mobile phase. 26773961 8 50 from separations 1442:1452 arg1 Cellulose-3 1493:1503 Lux Cellulose-3 1489:1503 Lux Cellulose-3 1489:1503 The enantiomers of pyriproxyfen and the metabolites , , and obtained complete separations on Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IC, and Lux Cellulose-3 under reverse phase using acetonitrile/water as the mobile phase. 26773961 8 50 from separations 1442:1452 arg1 IA 1467:1468 Chiralpak IA 1457:1468 Chiralpak IA 1457:1468 The enantiomers of pyriproxyfen and the metabolites , , and obtained complete separations on Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IC, and Lux Cellulose-3 under reverse phase using acetonitrile/water as the mobile phase. 26773961 3 51 dep columns 442:448 arg1 OJ-H 564:567 OJ-H 564:567 OJ-H 564:567 Both normal phase and reverse phase were applied using the chiral columns Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralpak IC, Chiralcel OD, Chiralcel OD-RH, Chiralpak AY-H, Chiralpak AD-H, Chiracel OJ-H, (R,R)-Whelk-O 1, and Lux Cellulose-3. 26773961 3 51 dep columns 442:448 arg1 Chiralcel 492:500 Chiralcel 492:500 Chiralcel 492:500 Both normal phase and reverse phase were applied using the chiral columns Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralpak IC, Chiralcel OD, Chiralcel OD-RH, Chiralpak AY-H, Chiralpak AD-H, Chiracel OJ-H, (R,R)-Whelk-O 1, and Lux Cellulose-3. 26773961 3 51 dep columns 442:448 arg1 IB 474:475 Chiralpak IB 464:475 Chiralpak IB 464:475 Both normal phase and reverse phase were applied using the chiral columns Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralpak IC, Chiralcel OD, Chiralcel OD-RH, Chiralpak AY-H, Chiralpak AD-H, Chiracel OJ-H, (R,R)-Whelk-O 1, and Lux Cellulose-3. 26773961 3 51 dep columns 442:448 arg1 columns 442:448 the chiral columns 431:448 the chiral columns Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralpak IC, Chiralcel OD, Chiralcel OD-RH, Chiralpak AY-H, Chiralpak AD-H, Chiracel OJ-H, (R,R)-Whelk-O 1, and Lux Cellulose-3 431:605 Both normal phase and reverse phase were applied using the chiral columns Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralpak IC, Chiralcel OD, Chiralcel OD-RH, Chiralpak AY-H, Chiralpak AD-H, Chiracel OJ-H, (R,R)-Whelk-O 1, and Lux Cellulose-3. 26773961 3 51 dep columns 442:448 arg1 IC 488:489 Chiralpak IC 478:489 Chiralpak IC 478:489 Both normal phase and reverse phase were applied using the chiral columns Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralpak IC, Chiralcel OD, Chiralcel OD-RH, Chiralpak AY-H, Chiralpak AD-H, Chiracel OJ-H, (R,R)-Whelk-O 1, and Lux Cellulose-3. 26773961 3 51 dep columns 442:448 arg1 IA 460:461 Chiralpak IA 450:461 Chiralpak IA 450:461 Both normal phase and reverse phase were applied using the chiral columns Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralpak IC, Chiralcel OD, Chiralcel OD-RH, Chiralpak AY-H, Chiralpak AD-H, Chiracel OJ-H, (R,R)-Whelk-O 1, and Lux Cellulose-3. 26773961 3 51 dep columns 442:448 arg1 Cellulose-3 595:605 Lux Cellulose-3 591:605 Lux Cellulose-3 591:605 Both normal phase and reverse phase were applied using the chiral columns Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralpak IC, Chiralcel OD, Chiralcel OD-RH, Chiralpak AY-H, Chiralpak AD-H, Chiracel OJ-H, (R,R)-Whelk-O 1, and Lux Cellulose-3. 26773961 10 52 theme environmental 1790:1802 arg1 behaviors 1804:1812 the environmental behaviors 1786:1812 the environmental behaviors of pyriproxyfen 1786:1828 The work is of significance for the investigation of the environmental behaviors of pyriproxyfen on an enantiomeric level. 26773961 1 53 theme chiral 133:138 arg1 insecticide 140:150 a chiral insecticide 131:150 a chiral insecticide 131:150 Pyriproxyfen is a chiral insecticide, and over 10 metabolites have been identified in the environment. 26773961 1 53 theme chiral 133:138 arg1 Pyriproxyfen 115:126 Pyriproxyfen 115:126 Pyriproxyfen 115:126 Pyriproxyfen is a chiral insecticide, and over 10 metabolites have been identified in the environment. 26773961 9 54 from temperature 1706:1716 arg1 cases 1726:1730 most cases 1721:1730 most cases 1721:1730 The retention factors (k) and selectivity factors (α) decreased with increasing temperature, and the separations were better under low temperature in most cases. 26773961 2 55 theme high-performance 329:344 arg1 HPLC 369:372 HPLC 369:372 HPLC 369:372 In this work the separations of the enantiomers of pyriproxyfen and its six chiral metabolites were studied by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 26773961 2 55 theme high-performance 329:344 arg1 chromatography 353:366 high-performance liquid chromatography 329:366 high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 329:373 In this work the separations of the enantiomers of pyriproxyfen and its six chiral metabolites were studied by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 26773961 5 56 theme Chiralpak 924:932 arg1 IB 934:935 Chiralpak IB 924:935 Chiralpak IB 924:935 The enantiomers of these targets could obtain complete separations (resolution factor Rs > 1.5) on Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralcel OD, Chiralpak AY-H, or Chiracel OJ-H under normal conditions. 26773961 5 57 theme complete 857:864 arg1 separations 866:876 complete separations 857:876 complete separations (resolution factor Rs > 1.5) on Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralcel OD, Chiralpak AY-H, or Chiracel OJ-H 857:983 The enantiomers of these targets could obtain complete separations (resolution factor Rs > 1.5) on Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralcel OD, Chiralpak AY-H, or Chiracel OJ-H under normal conditions. 26773961 5 57 theme complete 857:864 arg1 Rs > 1.5 897:904 resolution factor Rs > 1.5 879:904 resolution factor Rs > 1.5 879:904 The enantiomers of these targets could obtain complete separations (resolution factor Rs > 1.5) on Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralcel OD, Chiralpak AY-H, or Chiracel OJ-H under normal conditions. 26773961 2 58 theme enantiomers 254:264 arg1 separations 235:245 the separations 231:245 the separations of the enantiomers of pyriproxyfen and its six chiral metabolites 231:311 In this work the separations of the enantiomers of pyriproxyfen and its six chiral metabolites were studied by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 26773961 5 59 theme resolution 879:888 arg1 separations 866:876 complete separations 857:876 complete separations (resolution factor Rs > 1.5) on Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralcel OD, Chiralpak AY-H, or Chiracel OJ-H 857:983 The enantiomers of these targets could obtain complete separations (resolution factor Rs > 1.5) on Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralcel OD, Chiralpak AY-H, or Chiracel OJ-H under normal conditions. 26773961 5 59 theme resolution 879:888 arg1 Rs > 1.5 897:904 resolution factor Rs > 1.5 879:904 resolution factor Rs > 1.5 879:904 The enantiomers of these targets could obtain complete separations (resolution factor Rs > 1.5) on Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralcel OD, Chiralpak AY-H, or Chiracel OJ-H under normal conditions. 26773961 4 60 dep phase 669:673 arg1 composition 675:685 composition 675:685 composition 675:685 The effects of the chromatographic parameters such as mobile phase composition and temperature on the separations were investigated and the enantiomers were identified with an optical rotation detector. 26773961 7 61 theme enantiomeric 1149:1160 arg1 separation 1162:1171 The simultaneous enantiomeric separation 1132:1171 The simultaneous enantiomeric separation of pyriproxyfen and four chiral metabolites 1132:1215 The simultaneous enantiomeric separation of pyriproxyfen and four chiral metabolites was achieved on Chiralcel OJ-H under optimized condition: n-hexane/isopropanol = 80/20, 15°C, flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, and UV detection at 230 nm. 26773961 3 62 theme Lux 591:593 arg1 columns 442:448 the chiral columns 431:448 the chiral columns Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralpak IC, Chiralcel OD, Chiralcel OD-RH, Chiralpak AY-H, Chiralpak AD-H, Chiracel OJ-H, (R,R)-Whelk-O 1, and Lux Cellulose-3 431:605 Both normal phase and reverse phase were applied using the chiral columns Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralpak IC, Chiralcel OD, Chiralcel OD-RH, Chiralpak AY-H, Chiralpak AD-H, Chiracel OJ-H, (R,R)-Whelk-O 1, and Lux Cellulose-3. 26773961 3 62 theme Lux 591:593 arg1 Cellulose-3 595:605 Lux Cellulose-3 591:605 Lux Cellulose-3 591:605 Both normal phase and reverse phase were applied using the chiral columns Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralpak IC, Chiralcel OD, Chiralcel OD-RH, Chiralpak AY-H, Chiralpak AD-H, Chiracel OJ-H, (R,R)-Whelk-O 1, and Lux Cellulose-3. 26773961 0 63 dep Separations 13:23 arg1 Chromatography 99:112 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography 75:112 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography 75:112 Enantiomeric Separations of Pyriproxyfen and its Six Chiral Metabolites by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. 26773961 6 64 theme best 1036:1039 arg1 results 1059:1065 the best chiral separation results 1032:1065 the best chiral separation results with n-hexane 1032:1079 Chiralcel OJ-H showed the best chiral separation results with n-hexane as mobile phase and isopropanol (IPA) as modifier. 26773961 0 65 theme Chiral 53:58 arg1 Metabolites 60:70 Six Chiral Metabolites 49:70 its Six Chiral Metabolites 45:70 Enantiomeric Separations of Pyriproxyfen and its Six Chiral Metabolites by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. 26773961 10 66 theme pyriproxyfen 1817:1828 arg1 behaviors 1804:1812 the environmental behaviors 1786:1812 the environmental behaviors of pyriproxyfen 1786:1828 The work is of significance for the investigation of the environmental behaviors of pyriproxyfen on an enantiomeric level. 26773961 8 67 theme reverse 1511:1517 arg1 phase 1519:1523 reverse phase 1511:1523 reverse phase 1511:1523 The enantiomers of pyriproxyfen and the metabolites , , and obtained complete separations on Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IC, and Lux Cellulose-3 under reverse phase using acetonitrile/water as the mobile phase. 26773961 7 68 theme chiral 1198:1203 arg1 metabolites 1205:1215 four chiral metabolites 1193:1215 four chiral metabolites 1193:1215 The simultaneous enantiomeric separation of pyriproxyfen and four chiral metabolites was achieved on Chiralcel OJ-H under optimized condition: n-hexane/isopropanol = 80/20, 15°C, flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, and UV detection at 230 nm. 26773961 5 69 theme targets 836:842 arg1 enantiomers 815:825 The enantiomers 811:825 The enantiomers of these targets 811:842 The enantiomers of these targets could obtain complete separations (resolution factor Rs > 1.5) on Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralcel OD, Chiralpak AY-H, or Chiracel OJ-H under normal conditions. 26773961 4 70 theme chromatographic 627:641 arg1 parameters 643:652 the chromatographic parameters 623:652 the chromatographic parameters such as mobile phase composition and temperature 623:701 The effects of the chromatographic parameters such as mobile phase composition and temperature on the separations were investigated and the enantiomers were identified with an optical rotation detector. 26773961 4 70 theme chromatographic 627:641 arg1 phase 669:673 mobile phase composition and temperature 662:701 phase 669:673 The effects of the chromatographic parameters such as mobile phase composition and temperature on the separations were investigated and the enantiomers were identified with an optical rotation detector. 26773961 4 70 theme chromatographic 627:641 arg1 temperature 691:701 temperature 691:701 temperature 691:701 The effects of the chromatographic parameters such as mobile phase composition and temperature on the separations were investigated and the enantiomers were identified with an optical rotation detector. 24411010 8 0 theme milk 1454:1457 arg1 oligosaccharides 1459:1474 specific milk oligosaccharides 1445:1474 specific milk oligosaccharides 1445:1474 The present study underlines the ability of specific milk oligosaccharides to change the composition of intestinal microbiota and thereby to shape an intestinal milieu resilient to inflammatory diseases. 24411010 1 1 theme milk 194:197 arg1 constituents 165:176 major constituents 159:176 major constituents of human breast milk 159:197 The oligosaccharides 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose are major constituents of human breast milk but are not found in mouse milk. 24411010 1 1 theme milk 194:197 arg1 oligosaccharides 100:115 The oligosaccharides 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose 96:153 The oligosaccharides 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose 96:153 The oligosaccharides 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose are major constituents of human breast milk but are not found in mouse milk. 24411010 6 2 theme enzymes 1087:1093 arg1 secretion 1046:1054 the secretion 1042:1054 the secretion of linkage-specific fucosidase enzymes that liberated lactose 1042:1116 Whereas B. intestinihominis and B. viscericola did not grow on fucose alone, they proliferated in the presence of 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose following the secretion of linkage-specific fucosidase enzymes that liberated lactose. 24411010 5 3 theme energy 829:834 arg1 source 836:841 energy source 829:841 energy source 829:841 The ability of Barnesiella to utilise fucosyllactose as energy source was confirmed in bacterial cultures. 24411010 4 4 dep bacteria 625:632 arg1 members 705:711 members 705:711 members of the genus Barnesiella 705:736 Exposure to 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose increased the levels of bacteria of the Porphyromonadaceae family in the intestinal gut, more precisely members of the genus Barnesiella as analysed by 16S pyrosequencing. 24411010 4 5 theme bacteria 625:632 arg1 levels 615:620 the levels 611:620 the levels of bacteria of the Porphyromonadaceae family in the intestinal gut, more precisely members of the genus Barnesiella 611:736 Exposure to 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose increased the levels of bacteria of the Porphyromonadaceae family in the intestinal gut, more precisely members of the genus Barnesiella as analysed by 16S pyrosequencing. 24411010 7 6 theme increased 1313:1321 arg1 resistance 1323:1332 increased resistance 1313:1332 increased resistance of mice subjected to 2-fucosyllactose supplementation for 6 weeks 1313:1398 The change in the composition of intestinal microbiota mediated by fucosyllactose supplementation affected the susceptibility of mice to dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis, as indicated by increased resistance of mice subjected to 2-fucosyllactose supplementation for 6 weeks. 24411010 8 7 theme intestinal 1551:1560 arg1 milieu 1562:1567 an intestinal milieu 1548:1567 an intestinal milieu resilient to inflammatory diseases 1548:1602 The present study underlines the ability of specific milk oligosaccharides to change the composition of intestinal microbiota and thereby to shape an intestinal milieu resilient to inflammatory diseases. 24411010 8 8 theme microbiota 1516:1525 arg1 composition 1490:1500 the composition 1486:1500 the composition of intestinal microbiota 1486:1525 The present study underlines the ability of specific milk oligosaccharides to change the composition of intestinal microbiota and thereby to shape an intestinal milieu resilient to inflammatory diseases. 24411010 4 9 theme Porphyromonadaceae 641:658 arg1 family 660:665 the Porphyromonadaceae family 637:665 the Porphyromonadaceae family 637:665 Exposure to 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose increased the levels of bacteria of the Porphyromonadaceae family in the intestinal gut, more precisely members of the genus Barnesiella as analysed by 16S pyrosequencing. 24411010 3 10 theme fucosyllactose 386:399 arg1 exposure 401:408 fucosyllactose exposure 386:408 fucosyllactose exposure 386:408 To determine the specific effect of fucosyllactose exposure on intestinal microbiota in mice, in the present study, we orally supplemented newborn mice with pure 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose. 24411010 0 11 from supplementation 71:85 arg1 mice 90:93 mice 90:93 mice 90:93 Selective proliferation of intestinal Barnesiella under fucosyllactose supplementation in mice. 24411010 1 12 dep oligosaccharides 100:115 arg1 2-fucosyllactose 117:132 2-fucosyllactose 117:132 2-fucosyllactose 117:132 The oligosaccharides 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose are major constituents of human breast milk but are not found in mouse milk. 24411010 1 12 dep oligosaccharides 100:115 arg1 oligosaccharides 100:115 The oligosaccharides 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose 96:153 The oligosaccharides 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose 96:153 The oligosaccharides 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose are major constituents of human breast milk but are not found in mouse milk. 24411010 1 12 dep oligosaccharides 100:115 arg1 3-fucosyllactose 138:153 3-fucosyllactose 138:153 3-fucosyllactose 138:153 The oligosaccharides 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose are major constituents of human breast milk but are not found in mouse milk. 24411010 3 13 theme specific 367:374 arg1 effect 376:381 the specific effect 363:381 the specific effect of fucosyllactose exposure on intestinal microbiota in mice 363:441 To determine the specific effect of fucosyllactose exposure on intestinal microbiota in mice, in the present study, we orally supplemented newborn mice with pure 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose. 24411010 7 14 theme fucosyllactose 1186:1199 arg1 supplementation 1201:1215 fucosyllactose supplementation 1186:1215 fucosyllactose supplementation 1186:1215 The change in the composition of intestinal microbiota mediated by fucosyllactose supplementation affected the susceptibility of mice to dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis, as indicated by increased resistance of mice subjected to 2-fucosyllactose supplementation for 6 weeks. 24411010 5 15 theme bacterial 860:868 arg1 cultures 870:877 bacterial cultures 860:877 bacterial cultures 860:877 The ability of Barnesiella to utilise fucosyllactose as energy source was confirmed in bacterial cultures. 24411010 8 16 theme oligosaccharides 1459:1474 arg1 ability 1434:1440 the ability 1430:1440 the ability of specific milk oligosaccharides to change the composition of intestinal microbiota and thereby to shape an intestinal milieu resilient to inflammatory diseases 1430:1602 The present study underlines the ability of specific milk oligosaccharides to change the composition of intestinal microbiota and thereby to shape an intestinal milieu resilient to inflammatory diseases. 24411010 4 17 from bacteria 625:632 arg1 gut 685:687 the intestinal gut 670:687 the intestinal gut 670:687 Exposure to 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose increased the levels of bacteria of the Porphyromonadaceae family in the intestinal gut, more precisely members of the genus Barnesiella as analysed by 16S pyrosequencing. 24411010 4 18 theme family 660:665 arg1 bacteria 625:632 bacteria 625:632 bacteria of the Porphyromonadaceae family in the intestinal gut 625:687 Exposure to 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose increased the levels of bacteria of the Porphyromonadaceae family in the intestinal gut, more precisely members of the genus Barnesiella as analysed by 16S pyrosequencing. 24411010 5 19 theme Barnesiella 788:798 arg1 ability 777:783 The ability 773:783 The ability of Barnesiella to utilise fucosyllactose as energy source 773:841 The ability of Barnesiella to utilise fucosyllactose as energy source was confirmed in bacterial cultures. 24411010 3 20 theme intestinal 413:422 arg1 microbiota 424:433 intestinal microbiota 413:433 intestinal microbiota in mice 413:441 To determine the specific effect of fucosyllactose exposure on intestinal microbiota in mice, in the present study, we orally supplemented newborn mice with pure 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose. 24411010 3 21 from microbiota 424:433 arg1 mice 438:441 mice 438:441 mice 438:441 To determine the specific effect of fucosyllactose exposure on intestinal microbiota in mice, in the present study, we orally supplemented newborn mice with pure 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose. 24411010 7 22 theme mice 1337:1340 arg1 resistance 1323:1332 increased resistance 1313:1332 increased resistance of mice subjected to 2-fucosyllactose supplementation for 6 weeks 1313:1398 The change in the composition of intestinal microbiota mediated by fucosyllactose supplementation affected the susceptibility of mice to dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis, as indicated by increased resistance of mice subjected to 2-fucosyllactose supplementation for 6 weeks. 24411010 8 23 theme intestinal 1505:1514 arg1 microbiota 1516:1525 intestinal microbiota 1505:1525 intestinal microbiota 1505:1525 The present study underlines the ability of specific milk oligosaccharides to change the composition of intestinal microbiota and thereby to shape an intestinal milieu resilient to inflammatory diseases. 24411010 4 24 theme genus 720:724 arg1 Barnesiella 726:736 the genus Barnesiella 716:736 the genus Barnesiella 716:736 Exposure to 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose increased the levels of bacteria of the Porphyromonadaceae family in the intestinal gut, more precisely members of the genus Barnesiella as analysed by 16S pyrosequencing. 24411010 0 25 theme Selective 0:8 arg1 proliferation 10:22 Selective proliferation 0:22 Selective proliferation of intestinal Barnesiella under fucosyllactose supplementation in mice. 0:94 Selective proliferation of intestinal Barnesiella under fucosyllactose supplementation in mice. 24411010 6 26 theme 3-fucosyllactose 1015:1030 arg1 presence 982:989 the presence 978:989 the presence of 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose 978:1030 Whereas B. intestinihominis and B. viscericola did not grow on fucose alone, they proliferated in the presence of 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose following the secretion of linkage-specific fucosidase enzymes that liberated lactose. 24411010 3 27 theme present 451:457 arg1 study 459:463 the present study 447:463 the present study 447:463 To determine the specific effect of fucosyllactose exposure on intestinal microbiota in mice, in the present study, we orally supplemented newborn mice with pure 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose. 24411010 3 28 theme exposure 401:408 arg1 effect 376:381 the specific effect 363:381 the specific effect of fucosyllactose exposure on intestinal microbiota in mice 363:441 To determine the specific effect of fucosyllactose exposure on intestinal microbiota in mice, in the present study, we orally supplemented newborn mice with pure 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose. 24411010 4 29 from levels 615:620 arg1 gut 685:687 the intestinal gut 670:687 the intestinal gut 670:687 Exposure to 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose increased the levels of bacteria of the Porphyromonadaceae family in the intestinal gut, more precisely members of the genus Barnesiella as analysed by 16S pyrosequencing. 24411010 7 30 theme intestinal 1152:1161 arg1 microbiota 1163:1172 intestinal microbiota 1152:1172 intestinal microbiota mediated by fucosyllactose supplementation 1152:1215 The change in the composition of intestinal microbiota mediated by fucosyllactose supplementation affected the susceptibility of mice to dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis, as indicated by increased resistance of mice subjected to 2-fucosyllactose supplementation for 6 weeks. 24411010 2 31 theme intestine 325:333 arg1 colonisation 298:309 the colonisation 294:309 the colonisation of the infant intestine by microbiota 294:347 Milk oligosaccharides have a prebiotic action, thus affecting the colonisation of the infant intestine by microbiota. 24411010 1 32 theme mouse 220:224 arg1 milk 226:229 mouse milk 220:229 mouse milk 220:229 The oligosaccharides 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose are major constituents of human breast milk but are not found in mouse milk. 24411010 7 33 theme microbiota 1163:1172 arg1 composition 1137:1147 the composition 1133:1147 the composition of intestinal microbiota mediated by fucosyllactose supplementation 1133:1215 The change in the composition of intestinal microbiota mediated by fucosyllactose supplementation affected the susceptibility of mice to dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis, as indicated by increased resistance of mice subjected to 2-fucosyllactose supplementation for 6 weeks. 24411010 2 34 theme infant 318:323 arg1 intestine 325:333 the infant intestine 314:333 the infant intestine 314:333 Milk oligosaccharides have a prebiotic action, thus affecting the colonisation of the infant intestine by microbiota. 24411010 3 35 theme newborn 489:495 arg1 mice 497:500 newborn mice 489:500 newborn mice 489:500 To determine the specific effect of fucosyllactose exposure on intestinal microbiota in mice, in the present study, we orally supplemented newborn mice with pure 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose. 24411010 4 36 theme 16S 753:755 arg1 pyrosequencing 757:770 16S pyrosequencing 753:770 16S pyrosequencing 753:770 Exposure to 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose increased the levels of bacteria of the Porphyromonadaceae family in the intestinal gut, more precisely members of the genus Barnesiella as analysed by 16S pyrosequencing. 24411010 3 37 from effect 376:381 arg1 microbiota 424:433 intestinal microbiota 413:433 intestinal microbiota in mice 413:441 To determine the specific effect of fucosyllactose exposure on intestinal microbiota in mice, in the present study, we orally supplemented newborn mice with pure 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose. 24411010 2 38 theme prebiotic 261:269 arg1 action 271:276 a prebiotic action 259:276 a prebiotic action 259:276 Milk oligosaccharides have a prebiotic action, thus affecting the colonisation of the infant intestine by microbiota. 24411010 4 39 from gut 685:687 arg1 levels 615:620 the levels 611:620 the levels of bacteria of the Porphyromonadaceae family in the intestinal gut, more precisely members of the genus Barnesiella 611:736 Exposure to 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose increased the levels of bacteria of the Porphyromonadaceae family in the intestinal gut, more precisely members of the genus Barnesiella as analysed by 16S pyrosequencing. 24411010 8 40 theme present 1405:1411 arg1 study 1413:1417 The present study 1401:1417 The present study 1401:1417 The present study underlines the ability of specific milk oligosaccharides to change the composition of intestinal microbiota and thereby to shape an intestinal milieu resilient to inflammatory diseases. 24411010 0 41 theme Barnesiella 38:48 arg1 proliferation 10:22 Selective proliferation 0:22 Selective proliferation of intestinal Barnesiella under fucosyllactose supplementation in mice. 0:94 Selective proliferation of intestinal Barnesiella under fucosyllactose supplementation in mice. 24411010 6 42 theme fucosidase 1076:1085 arg1 enzymes 1087:1093 linkage-specific fucosidase enzymes 1059:1093 linkage-specific fucosidase enzymes that liberated lactose 1059:1116 Whereas B. intestinihominis and B. viscericola did not grow on fucose alone, they proliferated in the presence of 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose following the secretion of linkage-specific fucosidase enzymes that liberated lactose. 24411010 0 43 theme intestinal 27:36 arg1 Barnesiella 38:48 intestinal Barnesiella 27:48 intestinal Barnesiella 27:48 Selective proliferation of intestinal Barnesiella under fucosyllactose supplementation in mice. 24411010 7 44 theme mice 1248:1251 arg1 susceptibility 1230:1243 the susceptibility 1226:1243 the susceptibility of mice to dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis 1226:1294 The change in the composition of intestinal microbiota mediated by fucosyllactose supplementation affected the susceptibility of mice to dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis, as indicated by increased resistance of mice subjected to 2-fucosyllactose supplementation for 6 weeks. 24411010 6 45 theme 2-fucosyllactose 994:1009 arg1 presence 982:989 the presence 978:989 the presence of 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose 978:1030 Whereas B. intestinihominis and B. viscericola did not grow on fucose alone, they proliferated in the presence of 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose following the secretion of linkage-specific fucosidase enzymes that liberated lactose. 24411010 1 46 located found 211:215 arg2 3-fucosyllactose 138:153 3-fucosyllactose 138:153 3-fucosyllactose 138:153 The oligosaccharides 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose are major constituents of human breast milk but are not found in mouse milk. 24411010 1 46 located found 211:215 arg1 milk 226:229 mouse milk 220:229 mouse milk 220:229 The oligosaccharides 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose are major constituents of human breast milk but are not found in mouse milk. 24411010 1 46 located found 211:215 arg2 2-fucosyllactose 117:132 2-fucosyllactose 117:132 2-fucosyllactose 117:132 The oligosaccharides 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose are major constituents of human breast milk but are not found in mouse milk. 24411010 1 46 located found 211:215 arg2 oligosaccharides 100:115 The oligosaccharides 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose 96:153 The oligosaccharides 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose 96:153 The oligosaccharides 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose are major constituents of human breast milk but are not found in mouse milk. 24411010 1 46 located found 211:215 arg2 constituents 165:176 major constituents 159:176 major constituents of human breast milk 159:197 The oligosaccharides 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose are major constituents of human breast milk but are not found in mouse milk. 24411010 3 47 theme pure 507:510 arg1 2-fucosyllactose 512:527 pure 2-fucosyllactose 507:527 pure 2-fucosyllactose 507:527 To determine the specific effect of fucosyllactose exposure on intestinal microbiota in mice, in the present study, we orally supplemented newborn mice with pure 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose. 24411010 0 48 theme fucosyllactose 56:69 arg1 supplementation 71:85 fucosyllactose supplementation 56:85 fucosyllactose supplementation in mice 56:93 Selective proliferation of intestinal Barnesiella under fucosyllactose supplementation in mice. 24411010 2 49 theme Milk 232:235 arg1 oligosaccharides 237:252 Milk oligosaccharides 232:252 Milk oligosaccharides 232:252 Milk oligosaccharides have a prebiotic action, thus affecting the colonisation of the infant intestine by microbiota. 24411010 1 50 theme major 159:163 arg1 constituents 165:176 major constituents 159:176 major constituents of human breast milk 159:197 The oligosaccharides 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose are major constituents of human breast milk but are not found in mouse milk. 24411010 1 50 theme major 159:163 arg1 oligosaccharides 100:115 The oligosaccharides 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose 96:153 The oligosaccharides 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose 96:153 The oligosaccharides 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose are major constituents of human breast milk but are not found in mouse milk. 24411010 8 51 theme inflammatory 1582:1593 arg1 diseases 1595:1602 inflammatory diseases 1582:1602 inflammatory diseases 1582:1602 The present study underlines the ability of specific milk oligosaccharides to change the composition of intestinal microbiota and thereby to shape an intestinal milieu resilient to inflammatory diseases. 24411010 7 52 theme sodium-induced 1273:1286 arg1 colitis 1288:1294 dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis 1256:1294 dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis 1256:1294 The change in the composition of intestinal microbiota mediated by fucosyllactose supplementation affected the susceptibility of mice to dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis, as indicated by increased resistance of mice subjected to 2-fucosyllactose supplementation for 6 weeks. 24411010 8 53 dep ability 1434:1440 arg1 shape 1542:1546 shape 1542:1546 thereby to shape an intestinal milieu resilient to inflammatory diseases 1531:1602 The present study underlines the ability of specific milk oligosaccharides to change the composition of intestinal microbiota and thereby to shape an intestinal milieu resilient to inflammatory diseases. 24411010 8 53 dep ability 1434:1440 arg1 change 1479:1484 change 1479:1484 to change the composition of intestinal microbiota 1476:1525 The present study underlines the ability of specific milk oligosaccharides to change the composition of intestinal microbiota and thereby to shape an intestinal milieu resilient to inflammatory diseases. 24411010 8 54 theme specific 1445:1452 arg1 oligosaccharides 1459:1474 specific milk oligosaccharides 1445:1474 specific milk oligosaccharides 1445:1474 The present study underlines the ability of specific milk oligosaccharides to change the composition of intestinal microbiota and thereby to shape an intestinal milieu resilient to inflammatory diseases. 24411010 4 55 theme Barnesiella 726:736 arg1 members 705:711 members 705:711 members of the genus Barnesiella 705:736 Exposure to 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose increased the levels of bacteria of the Porphyromonadaceae family in the intestinal gut, more precisely members of the genus Barnesiella as analysed by 16S pyrosequencing. 24411010 2 56 contain have 254:257 arg1 oligosaccharides 237:252 Milk oligosaccharides 232:252 Milk oligosaccharides 232:252 Milk oligosaccharides have a prebiotic action, thus affecting the colonisation of the infant intestine by microbiota. 24411010 2 56 contain have 254:257 arg2 action 271:276 a prebiotic action 259:276 a prebiotic action 259:276 Milk oligosaccharides have a prebiotic action, thus affecting the colonisation of the infant intestine by microbiota. 24411010 1 57 theme human 181:185 arg1 milk 194:197 human breast milk 181:197 human breast milk 181:197 The oligosaccharides 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose are major constituents of human breast milk but are not found in mouse milk. 24411010 4 58 theme intestinal 674:683 arg1 gut 685:687 the intestinal gut 670:687 the intestinal gut 670:687 Exposure to 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose increased the levels of bacteria of the Porphyromonadaceae family in the intestinal gut, more precisely members of the genus Barnesiella as analysed by 16S pyrosequencing. 24411010 6 59 theme linkage-specific 1059:1074 arg1 enzymes 1087:1093 linkage-specific fucosidase enzymes 1059:1093 linkage-specific fucosidase enzymes that liberated lactose 1059:1116 Whereas B. intestinihominis and B. viscericola did not grow on fucose alone, they proliferated in the presence of 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose following the secretion of linkage-specific fucosidase enzymes that liberated lactose. 24411010 7 60 from change 1123:1128 arg1 composition 1137:1147 the composition 1133:1147 the composition of intestinal microbiota mediated by fucosyllactose supplementation 1133:1215 The change in the composition of intestinal microbiota mediated by fucosyllactose supplementation affected the susceptibility of mice to dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis, as indicated by increased resistance of mice subjected to 2-fucosyllactose supplementation for 6 weeks. 24411010 8 61 theme resilient 1569:1577 arg1 milieu 1562:1567 an intestinal milieu 1548:1567 an intestinal milieu resilient to inflammatory diseases 1548:1602 The present study underlines the ability of specific milk oligosaccharides to change the composition of intestinal microbiota and thereby to shape an intestinal milieu resilient to inflammatory diseases. 24411010 1 62 theme breast 187:192 arg1 milk 194:197 human breast milk 181:197 human breast milk 181:197 The oligosaccharides 2-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose are major constituents of human breast milk but are not found in mouse milk. 24411010 7 63 theme 2-fucosyllactose 1355:1370 arg1 supplementation 1372:1386 2-fucosyllactose supplementation 1355:1386 2-fucosyllactose supplementation 1355:1386 The change in the composition of intestinal microbiota mediated by fucosyllactose supplementation affected the susceptibility of mice to dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis, as indicated by increased resistance of mice subjected to 2-fucosyllactose supplementation for 6 weeks. 25121118 0 0 theme edible 82:87 arg1 mushroom 89:96 an edible mushroom 79:96 an edible mushroom 79:96 Intrastrain comparison of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of an edible mushroom, Pleurotus giganteus, and its potent neuritogenic properties. 25121118 1 1 theme mouse 310:314 arg1 cells 339:343 rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) and mouse neuroblastoma-2a (N2a) cells 278:343 cells 339:343 Two strains of Pleurotus giganteus (commercial and wild) were tested for their ability to induce neurite outgrowth in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) and mouse neuroblastoma-2a (N2a) cells. 25121118 6 2 theme dietary 1114:1120 arg1 antioxidant 1122:1132 dietary antioxidant 1114:1132 dietary antioxidant 1114:1132 To conclude, P. giganteus could potentially be used in well-balanced diet and as a source of dietary antioxidant to promote neuronal health. 25121118 6 3 theme antioxidant 1122:1132 arg1 giganteus 1037:1045 P. giganteus 1034:1045 P. giganteus 1034:1045 To conclude, P. giganteus could potentially be used in well-balanced diet and as a source of dietary antioxidant to promote neuronal health. 25121118 6 3 theme antioxidant 1122:1132 arg1 source 1104:1109 a source 1102:1109 a source of dietary antioxidant 1102:1132 To conclude, P. giganteus could potentially be used in well-balanced diet and as a source of dietary antioxidant to promote neuronal health. 25121118 6 4 theme neuronal 1145:1152 arg1 health 1154:1159 neuronal health 1145:1159 neuronal health 1145:1159 To conclude, P. giganteus could potentially be used in well-balanced diet and as a source of dietary antioxidant to promote neuronal health. 25121118 5 5 theme free 937:940 arg1 scavenging 950:959 free radical scavenging 937:959 free radical scavenging 937:959 The total phenolics present in the mushroom extracts were positively correlated to the antioxidant activity (free radical scavenging, ferric reducing power, and lipid peroxidation inhibition). 25121118 2 6 theme growth 459:464 arg1 NGF 474:476 NGF 474:476 NGF 474:476 Treatment with the mushroom extracts resulted in neuronal differentiation and neuronal elongation, but not nerve growth factor (NGF) production. 25121118 2 6 theme growth 459:464 arg1 factor 466:471 nerve growth factor 453:471 nerve growth factor (NGF) production 453:488 Treatment with the mushroom extracts resulted in neuronal differentiation and neuronal elongation, but not nerve growth factor (NGF) production. 25121118 1 7 theme neuroblastoma-2a 316:331 arg1 cells 339:343 rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) and mouse neuroblastoma-2a (N2a) cells 278:343 cells 339:343 Two strains of Pleurotus giganteus (commercial and wild) were tested for their ability to induce neurite outgrowth in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) and mouse neuroblastoma-2a (N2a) cells. 25121118 2 8 theme factor 466:471 arg1 production 479:488 nerve growth factor (NGF) production 453:488 nerve growth factor (NGF) production 453:488 Treatment with the mushroom extracts resulted in neuronal differentiation and neuronal elongation, but not nerve growth factor (NGF) production. 25121118 6 9 used used 1068:1071 arg2 source 1104:1109 a source 1102:1109 a source of dietary antioxidant 1102:1132 To conclude, P. giganteus could potentially be used in well-balanced diet and as a source of dietary antioxidant to promote neuronal health. 25121118 6 9 used used 1068:1071 arg2 giganteus 1037:1045 P. giganteus 1034:1045 P. giganteus 1034:1045 To conclude, P. giganteus could potentially be used in well-balanced diet and as a source of dietary antioxidant to promote neuronal health. 25121118 5 10 theme ferric 962:967 arg1 power 978:982 ferric reducing power 962:982 ferric reducing power 962:982 The total phenolics present in the mushroom extracts were positively correlated to the antioxidant activity (free radical scavenging, ferric reducing power, and lipid peroxidation inhibition). 25121118 4 11 theme g 732:732 arg1 -1 737:738 -1 737:738 -1 737:738 The two strains of mushroom were found to be high in protein (154-192 g kg(-1)), total polysaccharides, phenolics, and flavonoids as well as vitamins B1, B2, and B3. 25121118 4 11 theme g 732:732 arg1 kg 734:735 154-192 g kg 724:735 154-192 g kg(-1) 724:739 The two strains of mushroom were found to be high in protein (154-192 g kg(-1)), total polysaccharides, phenolics, and flavonoids as well as vitamins B1, B2, and B3. 25121118 4 12 theme mushroom 681:688 arg1 high 707:710 high 707:710 high 707:710 The two strains of mushroom were found to be high in protein (154-192 g kg(-1)), total polysaccharides, phenolics, and flavonoids as well as vitamins B1, B2, and B3. 25121118 4 12 theme mushroom 681:688 arg1 strains 670:676 The two strains 662:676 The two strains of mushroom 662:688 The two strains of mushroom were found to be high in protein (154-192 g kg(-1)), total polysaccharides, phenolics, and flavonoids as well as vitamins B1, B2, and B3. 25121118 2 13 with Treatment 346:354 arg1 extracts 374:381 the mushroom extracts 361:381 the mushroom extracts 361:381 Treatment with the mushroom extracts resulted in neuronal differentiation and neuronal elongation, but not nerve growth factor (NGF) production. 25121118 0 14 theme mushroom 89:96 arg1 composition 39:49 chemical composition 30:49 chemical composition 30:49 Intrastrain comparison of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of an edible mushroom, Pleurotus giganteus, and its potent neuritogenic properties. 25121118 0 14 theme mushroom 89:96 arg1 activity 67:74 antioxidant activity 55:74 antioxidant activity 55:74 Intrastrain comparison of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of an edible mushroom, Pleurotus giganteus, and its potent neuritogenic properties. 25121118 0 14 theme mushroom 89:96 arg1 giganteus 109:117 Pleurotus giganteus 99:117 Pleurotus giganteus 99:117 Intrastrain comparison of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of an edible mushroom, Pleurotus giganteus, and its potent neuritogenic properties. 25121118 0 14 theme mushroom 89:96 arg1 properties 148:157 its potent neuritogenic properties 124:157 its potent neuritogenic properties 124:157 Intrastrain comparison of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of an edible mushroom, Pleurotus giganteus, and its potent neuritogenic properties. 25121118 1 15 theme N2a 334:336 arg1 cells 339:343 rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) and mouse neuroblastoma-2a (N2a) cells 278:343 cells 339:343 Two strains of Pleurotus giganteus (commercial and wild) were tested for their ability to induce neurite outgrowth in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) and mouse neuroblastoma-2a (N2a) cells. 25121118 4 16 theme total 743:747 arg1 polysaccharides 749:763 total polysaccharides 743:763 total polysaccharides 743:763 The two strains of mushroom were found to be high in protein (154-192 g kg(-1)), total polysaccharides, phenolics, and flavonoids as well as vitamins B1, B2, and B3. 25121118 4 17 from vitamins 803:810 arg1 high 707:710 high 707:710 high 707:710 The two strains of mushroom were found to be high in protein (154-192 g kg(-1)), total polysaccharides, phenolics, and flavonoids as well as vitamins B1, B2, and B3. 25121118 4 17 from vitamins 803:810 arg1 strains 670:676 The two strains 662:676 The two strains of mushroom 662:688 The two strains of mushroom were found to be high in protein (154-192 g kg(-1)), total polysaccharides, phenolics, and flavonoids as well as vitamins B1, B2, and B3. 25121118 0 18 theme giganteus 109:117 arg1 comparison 12:21 Intrastrain comparison 0:21 Intrastrain comparison of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of an edible mushroom, Pleurotus giganteus, and its potent neuritogenic properties. 0:158 Intrastrain comparison of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of an edible mushroom, Pleurotus giganteus, and its potent neuritogenic properties. 25121118 5 19 theme radical 942:948 arg1 scavenging 950:959 free radical scavenging 937:959 free radical scavenging 937:959 The total phenolics present in the mushroom extracts were positively correlated to the antioxidant activity (free radical scavenging, ferric reducing power, and lipid peroxidation inhibition). 25121118 3 20 from present 549:555 arg1 extract 572:578 the ethanol extract 560:578 the ethanol extract 560:578 Linoleic acid (4.5-5.0%, w/w) which is a major fatty acid present in the ethanol extract promoted NGF biosynthesis when augmented with low concentration of NGF (5 ng/mL). 25121118 2 21 theme mushroom 365:372 arg1 extracts 374:381 the mushroom extracts 361:381 the mushroom extracts 361:381 Treatment with the mushroom extracts resulted in neuronal differentiation and neuronal elongation, but not nerve growth factor (NGF) production. 25121118 0 22 theme Pleurotus 99:107 arg1 giganteus 109:117 Pleurotus giganteus 99:117 Pleurotus giganteus 99:117 Intrastrain comparison of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of an edible mushroom, Pleurotus giganteus, and its potent neuritogenic properties. 25121118 2 23 theme nerve 453:457 arg1 NGF 474:476 NGF 474:476 NGF 474:476 Treatment with the mushroom extracts resulted in neuronal differentiation and neuronal elongation, but not nerve growth factor (NGF) production. 25121118 2 23 theme nerve 453:457 arg1 factor 466:471 nerve growth factor 453:471 nerve growth factor (NGF) production 453:488 Treatment with the mushroom extracts resulted in neuronal differentiation and neuronal elongation, but not nerve growth factor (NGF) production. 25121118 2 24 theme neuronal 424:431 arg1 elongation 433:442 neuronal elongation 424:442 neuronal elongation 424:442 Treatment with the mushroom extracts resulted in neuronal differentiation and neuronal elongation, but not nerve growth factor (NGF) production. 25121118 6 25 theme well-balanced 1076:1088 arg1 diet 1090:1093 well-balanced diet 1076:1093 well-balanced diet 1076:1093 To conclude, P. giganteus could potentially be used in well-balanced diet and as a source of dietary antioxidant to promote neuronal health. 25121118 0 26 theme Intrastrain 0:10 arg1 comparison 12:21 Intrastrain comparison 0:21 Intrastrain comparison of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of an edible mushroom, Pleurotus giganteus, and its potent neuritogenic properties. 0:158 Intrastrain comparison of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of an edible mushroom, Pleurotus giganteus, and its potent neuritogenic properties. 25121118 1 27 theme neurite 257:263 arg1 outgrowth 265:273 neurite outgrowth 257:273 neurite outgrowth 257:273 Two strains of Pleurotus giganteus (commercial and wild) were tested for their ability to induce neurite outgrowth in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) and mouse neuroblastoma-2a (N2a) cells. 25121118 5 28 from present 848:854 arg1 extracts 872:879 the mushroom extracts 859:879 the mushroom extracts 859:879 The total phenolics present in the mushroom extracts were positively correlated to the antioxidant activity (free radical scavenging, ferric reducing power, and lipid peroxidation inhibition). 25121118 1 29 theme giganteus 185:193 arg1 strains 164:170 Two strains 160:170 Two strains of Pleurotus giganteus (commercial and wild) 160:215 Two strains of Pleurotus giganteus (commercial and wild) were tested for their ability to induce neurite outgrowth in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) and mouse neuroblastoma-2a (N2a) cells. 25121118 5 30 from extracts 872:879 arg1 present 848:854 present 848:854 present 848:854 The total phenolics present in the mushroom extracts were positively correlated to the antioxidant activity (free radical scavenging, ferric reducing power, and lipid peroxidation inhibition). 25121118 2 31 theme neuronal 395:402 arg1 differentiation 404:418 neuronal differentiation 395:418 neuronal differentiation 395:418 Treatment with the mushroom extracts resulted in neuronal differentiation and neuronal elongation, but not nerve growth factor (NGF) production. 25121118 5 32 theme reducing 969:976 arg1 power 978:982 ferric reducing power 962:982 ferric reducing power 962:982 The total phenolics present in the mushroom extracts were positively correlated to the antioxidant activity (free radical scavenging, ferric reducing power, and lipid peroxidation inhibition). 25121118 5 33 theme mushroom 863:870 arg1 extracts 872:879 the mushroom extracts 859:879 the mushroom extracts 859:879 The total phenolics present in the mushroom extracts were positively correlated to the antioxidant activity (free radical scavenging, ferric reducing power, and lipid peroxidation inhibition). 25121118 0 34 theme composition 39:49 arg1 comparison 12:21 Intrastrain comparison 0:21 Intrastrain comparison of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of an edible mushroom, Pleurotus giganteus, and its potent neuritogenic properties. 0:158 Intrastrain comparison of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of an edible mushroom, Pleurotus giganteus, and its potent neuritogenic properties. 25121118 1 35 theme rat 278:280 arg1 PC12 300:303 rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) and mouse neuroblastoma-2a (N2a) cells 278:343 PC12 300:303 Two strains of Pleurotus giganteus (commercial and wild) were tested for their ability to induce neurite outgrowth in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) and mouse neuroblastoma-2a (N2a) cells. 25121118 0 36 theme potent 128:133 arg1 properties 148:157 its potent neuritogenic properties 124:157 its potent neuritogenic properties 124:157 Intrastrain comparison of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of an edible mushroom, Pleurotus giganteus, and its potent neuritogenic properties. 25121118 3 37 theme NGF 589:591 arg1 biosynthesis 593:604 NGF biosynthesis 589:604 NGF biosynthesis 589:604 Linoleic acid (4.5-5.0%, w/w) which is a major fatty acid present in the ethanol extract promoted NGF biosynthesis when augmented with low concentration of NGF (5 ng/mL). 25121118 3 38 theme major 532:536 arg1 acid 500:503 Linoleic acid 491:503 Linoleic acid (4.5-5.0%, w/w) which is a major fatty acid present in the ethanol extract 491:578 Linoleic acid (4.5-5.0%, w/w) which is a major fatty acid present in the ethanol extract promoted NGF biosynthesis when augmented with low concentration of NGF (5 ng/mL). 25121118 3 38 theme major 532:536 arg1 acid 544:547 a major fatty acid 530:547 a major fatty acid present in the ethanol extract 530:578 Linoleic acid (4.5-5.0%, w/w) which is a major fatty acid present in the ethanol extract promoted NGF biosynthesis when augmented with low concentration of NGF (5 ng/mL). 25121118 0 39 theme chemical 30:37 arg1 composition 39:49 chemical composition 30:49 chemical composition 30:49 Intrastrain comparison of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of an edible mushroom, Pleurotus giganteus, and its potent neuritogenic properties. 25121118 1 40 theme pheochromocytoma 282:297 arg1 PC12 300:303 rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) and mouse neuroblastoma-2a (N2a) cells 278:343 PC12 300:303 Two strains of Pleurotus giganteus (commercial and wild) were tested for their ability to induce neurite outgrowth in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) and mouse neuroblastoma-2a (N2a) cells. 25121118 4 41 dep vitamins 803:810 arg1 vitamins 803:810 vitamins B1, B2, and B3 803:825 vitamins B1, B2, and B3 803:825 The two strains of mushroom were found to be high in protein (154-192 g kg(-1)), total polysaccharides, phenolics, and flavonoids as well as vitamins B1, B2, and B3. 25121118 4 41 dep vitamins 803:810 arg1 B2 816:817 B2 816:817 B2 816:817 The two strains of mushroom were found to be high in protein (154-192 g kg(-1)), total polysaccharides, phenolics, and flavonoids as well as vitamins B1, B2, and B3. 25121118 4 41 dep vitamins 803:810 arg1 B3 824:825 B3 824:825 B3 824:825 The two strains of mushroom were found to be high in protein (154-192 g kg(-1)), total polysaccharides, phenolics, and flavonoids as well as vitamins B1, B2, and B3. 25121118 4 41 dep vitamins 803:810 arg1 B1 812:813 B1 812:813 B1 812:813 The two strains of mushroom were found to be high in protein (154-192 g kg(-1)), total polysaccharides, phenolics, and flavonoids as well as vitamins B1, B2, and B3. 25121118 3 42 theme ethanol 564:570 arg1 extract 572:578 the ethanol extract 560:578 the ethanol extract 560:578 Linoleic acid (4.5-5.0%, w/w) which is a major fatty acid present in the ethanol extract promoted NGF biosynthesis when augmented with low concentration of NGF (5 ng/mL). 25121118 1 43 dep giganteus 185:193 arg1 commercial 196:205 commercial 196:205 commercial 196:205 Two strains of Pleurotus giganteus (commercial and wild) were tested for their ability to induce neurite outgrowth in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) and mouse neuroblastoma-2a (N2a) cells. 25121118 1 43 dep giganteus 185:193 arg1 wild 211:214 wild 211:214 wild 211:214 Two strains of Pleurotus giganteus (commercial and wild) were tested for their ability to induce neurite outgrowth in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) and mouse neuroblastoma-2a (N2a) cells. 25121118 4 44 dep protein 715:721 arg1 -1 737:738 -1 737:738 -1 737:738 The two strains of mushroom were found to be high in protein (154-192 g kg(-1)), total polysaccharides, phenolics, and flavonoids as well as vitamins B1, B2, and B3. 25121118 4 44 dep protein 715:721 arg1 kg 734:735 154-192 g kg 724:735 154-192 g kg(-1) 724:739 The two strains of mushroom were found to be high in protein (154-192 g kg(-1)), total polysaccharides, phenolics, and flavonoids as well as vitamins B1, B2, and B3. 25121118 0 45 theme antioxidant 55:65 arg1 activity 67:74 antioxidant activity 55:74 antioxidant activity 55:74 Intrastrain comparison of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of an edible mushroom, Pleurotus giganteus, and its potent neuritogenic properties. 25121118 5 46 theme lipid 989:993 arg1 peroxidation 995:1006 lipid peroxidation 989:1006 lipid peroxidation inhibition 989:1017 The total phenolics present in the mushroom extracts were positively correlated to the antioxidant activity (free radical scavenging, ferric reducing power, and lipid peroxidation inhibition). 25121118 0 47 theme properties 148:157 arg1 comparison 12:21 Intrastrain comparison 0:21 Intrastrain comparison of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of an edible mushroom, Pleurotus giganteus, and its potent neuritogenic properties. 0:158 Intrastrain comparison of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of an edible mushroom, Pleurotus giganteus, and its potent neuritogenic properties. 25121118 0 48 dep composition 39:49 arg1 the 26:28 the 26:28 the 26:28 Intrastrain comparison of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of an edible mushroom, Pleurotus giganteus, and its potent neuritogenic properties. 25121118 5 49 attach present 848:854 arg1 extracts 872:879 the mushroom extracts 859:879 the mushroom extracts 859:879 The total phenolics present in the mushroom extracts were positively correlated to the antioxidant activity (free radical scavenging, ferric reducing power, and lipid peroxidation inhibition). 25121118 5 49 attach present 848:854 arg2 phenolics 838:846 The total phenolics 828:846 The total phenolics present in the mushroom extracts 828:879 The total phenolics present in the mushroom extracts were positively correlated to the antioxidant activity (free radical scavenging, ferric reducing power, and lipid peroxidation inhibition). 25121118 3 50 dep acid 500:503 arg1 w/w 516:518 w/w 516:518 w/w 516:518 Linoleic acid (4.5-5.0%, w/w) which is a major fatty acid present in the ethanol extract promoted NGF biosynthesis when augmented with low concentration of NGF (5 ng/mL). 25121118 3 50 dep acid 500:503 arg1 % 513:513 4.5-5.0% 506:513 4.5-5.0% 506:513 Linoleic acid (4.5-5.0%, w/w) which is a major fatty acid present in the ethanol extract promoted NGF biosynthesis when augmented with low concentration of NGF (5 ng/mL). 25121118 5 51 theme peroxidation 995:1006 arg1 inhibition 1008:1017 lipid peroxidation inhibition 989:1017 lipid peroxidation inhibition 989:1017 The total phenolics present in the mushroom extracts were positively correlated to the antioxidant activity (free radical scavenging, ferric reducing power, and lipid peroxidation inhibition). 25121118 0 52 theme neuritogenic 135:146 arg1 properties 148:157 its potent neuritogenic properties 124:157 its potent neuritogenic properties 124:157 Intrastrain comparison of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of an edible mushroom, Pleurotus giganteus, and its potent neuritogenic properties. 25121118 5 53 theme present 848:854 arg1 phenolics 838:846 The total phenolics 828:846 The total phenolics present in the mushroom extracts 828:879 The total phenolics present in the mushroom extracts were positively correlated to the antioxidant activity (free radical scavenging, ferric reducing power, and lipid peroxidation inhibition). 25121118 3 54 theme low 626:628 arg1 concentration 630:642 low concentration 626:642 low concentration of NGF (5 ng/mL) 626:659 Linoleic acid (4.5-5.0%, w/w) which is a major fatty acid present in the ethanol extract promoted NGF biosynthesis when augmented with low concentration of NGF (5 ng/mL). 25121118 3 55 theme fatty 538:542 arg1 acid 500:503 Linoleic acid 491:503 Linoleic acid (4.5-5.0%, w/w) which is a major fatty acid present in the ethanol extract 491:578 Linoleic acid (4.5-5.0%, w/w) which is a major fatty acid present in the ethanol extract promoted NGF biosynthesis when augmented with low concentration of NGF (5 ng/mL). 25121118 3 55 theme fatty 538:542 arg1 acid 544:547 a major fatty acid 530:547 a major fatty acid present in the ethanol extract 530:578 Linoleic acid (4.5-5.0%, w/w) which is a major fatty acid present in the ethanol extract promoted NGF biosynthesis when augmented with low concentration of NGF (5 ng/mL). 25121118 5 56 dep activity 927:934 arg1 scavenging 950:959 free radical scavenging 937:959 free radical scavenging 937:959 The total phenolics present in the mushroom extracts were positively correlated to the antioxidant activity (free radical scavenging, ferric reducing power, and lipid peroxidation inhibition). 25121118 5 56 dep activity 927:934 arg1 inhibition 1008:1017 lipid peroxidation inhibition 989:1017 lipid peroxidation inhibition 989:1017 The total phenolics present in the mushroom extracts were positively correlated to the antioxidant activity (free radical scavenging, ferric reducing power, and lipid peroxidation inhibition). 25121118 5 56 dep activity 927:934 arg1 power 978:982 ferric reducing power 962:982 ferric reducing power 962:982 The total phenolics present in the mushroom extracts were positively correlated to the antioxidant activity (free radical scavenging, ferric reducing power, and lipid peroxidation inhibition). 25121118 4 57 from protein 715:721 arg1 high 707:710 high 707:710 high 707:710 The two strains of mushroom were found to be high in protein (154-192 g kg(-1)), total polysaccharides, phenolics, and flavonoids as well as vitamins B1, B2, and B3. 25121118 4 57 from protein 715:721 arg1 strains 670:676 The two strains 662:676 The two strains of mushroom 662:688 The two strains of mushroom were found to be high in protein (154-192 g kg(-1)), total polysaccharides, phenolics, and flavonoids as well as vitamins B1, B2, and B3. 25121118 5 58 theme total 832:836 arg1 phenolics 838:846 The total phenolics 828:846 The total phenolics present in the mushroom extracts 828:879 The total phenolics present in the mushroom extracts were positively correlated to the antioxidant activity (free radical scavenging, ferric reducing power, and lipid peroxidation inhibition). 25121118 5 59 theme antioxidant 915:925 arg1 activity 927:934 the antioxidant activity 911:934 the antioxidant activity (free radical scavenging, ferric reducing power, and lipid peroxidation inhibition) 911:1018 The total phenolics present in the mushroom extracts were positively correlated to the antioxidant activity (free radical scavenging, ferric reducing power, and lipid peroxidation inhibition). 25121118 3 60 attach present 549:555 arg2 acid 500:503 Linoleic acid 491:503 Linoleic acid (4.5-5.0%, w/w) which is a major fatty acid present in the ethanol extract 491:578 Linoleic acid (4.5-5.0%, w/w) which is a major fatty acid present in the ethanol extract promoted NGF biosynthesis when augmented with low concentration of NGF (5 ng/mL). 25121118 3 60 attach present 549:555 arg2 acid 544:547 a major fatty acid 530:547 a major fatty acid present in the ethanol extract 530:578 Linoleic acid (4.5-5.0%, w/w) which is a major fatty acid present in the ethanol extract promoted NGF biosynthesis when augmented with low concentration of NGF (5 ng/mL). 25121118 3 60 attach present 549:555 arg1 extract 572:578 the ethanol extract 560:578 the ethanol extract 560:578 Linoleic acid (4.5-5.0%, w/w) which is a major fatty acid present in the ethanol extract promoted NGF biosynthesis when augmented with low concentration of NGF (5 ng/mL). 25121118 4 61 from high 707:710 arg1 B3 824:825 B3 824:825 B3 824:825 The two strains of mushroom were found to be high in protein (154-192 g kg(-1)), total polysaccharides, phenolics, and flavonoids as well as vitamins B1, B2, and B3. 25121118 4 61 from high 707:710 arg1 protein 715:721 protein 715:721 protein (154-192 g kg(-1)) 715:740 The two strains of mushroom were found to be high in protein (154-192 g kg(-1)), total polysaccharides, phenolics, and flavonoids as well as vitamins B1, B2, and B3. 25121118 4 61 from high 707:710 arg1 vitamins 803:810 vitamins B1, B2, and B3 803:825 vitamins B1, B2, and B3 803:825 The two strains of mushroom were found to be high in protein (154-192 g kg(-1)), total polysaccharides, phenolics, and flavonoids as well as vitamins B1, B2, and B3. 25121118 4 61 from high 707:710 arg1 B1 812:813 B1 812:813 B1 812:813 The two strains of mushroom were found to be high in protein (154-192 g kg(-1)), total polysaccharides, phenolics, and flavonoids as well as vitamins B1, B2, and B3. 25121118 4 61 from high 707:710 arg1 B2 816:817 B2 816:817 B2 816:817 The two strains of mushroom were found to be high in protein (154-192 g kg(-1)), total polysaccharides, phenolics, and flavonoids as well as vitamins B1, B2, and B3. 25121118 4 61 from high 707:710 arg1 polysaccharides 749:763 total polysaccharides 743:763 total polysaccharides 743:763 The two strains of mushroom were found to be high in protein (154-192 g kg(-1)), total polysaccharides, phenolics, and flavonoids as well as vitamins B1, B2, and B3. 25121118 0 62 theme activity 67:74 arg1 comparison 12:21 Intrastrain comparison 0:21 Intrastrain comparison of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of an edible mushroom, Pleurotus giganteus, and its potent neuritogenic properties. 0:158 Intrastrain comparison of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of an edible mushroom, Pleurotus giganteus, and its potent neuritogenic properties. 25121118 4 63 from polysaccharides 749:763 arg1 high 707:710 high 707:710 high 707:710 The two strains of mushroom were found to be high in protein (154-192 g kg(-1)), total polysaccharides, phenolics, and flavonoids as well as vitamins B1, B2, and B3. 25121118 4 63 from polysaccharides 749:763 arg1 strains 670:676 The two strains 662:676 The two strains of mushroom 662:688 The two strains of mushroom were found to be high in protein (154-192 g kg(-1)), total polysaccharides, phenolics, and flavonoids as well as vitamins B1, B2, and B3. 25121118 3 64 theme present 549:555 arg1 acid 500:503 Linoleic acid 491:503 Linoleic acid (4.5-5.0%, w/w) which is a major fatty acid present in the ethanol extract 491:578 Linoleic acid (4.5-5.0%, w/w) which is a major fatty acid present in the ethanol extract promoted NGF biosynthesis when augmented with low concentration of NGF (5 ng/mL). 25121118 3 64 theme present 549:555 arg1 acid 544:547 a major fatty acid 530:547 a major fatty acid present in the ethanol extract 530:578 Linoleic acid (4.5-5.0%, w/w) which is a major fatty acid present in the ethanol extract promoted NGF biosynthesis when augmented with low concentration of NGF (5 ng/mL). 25121118 3 65 theme NGF 647:649 arg1 concentration 630:642 low concentration 626:642 low concentration of NGF (5 ng/mL) 626:659 Linoleic acid (4.5-5.0%, w/w) which is a major fatty acid present in the ethanol extract promoted NGF biosynthesis when augmented with low concentration of NGF (5 ng/mL). 25121118 3 66 theme Linoleic 491:498 arg1 acid 500:503 Linoleic acid 491:503 Linoleic acid (4.5-5.0%, w/w) which is a major fatty acid present in the ethanol extract 491:578 Linoleic acid (4.5-5.0%, w/w) which is a major fatty acid present in the ethanol extract promoted NGF biosynthesis when augmented with low concentration of NGF (5 ng/mL). 25121118 3 66 theme Linoleic 491:498 arg1 acid 544:547 a major fatty acid 530:547 a major fatty acid present in the ethanol extract 530:578 Linoleic acid (4.5-5.0%, w/w) which is a major fatty acid present in the ethanol extract promoted NGF biosynthesis when augmented with low concentration of NGF (5 ng/mL). 25121118 3 67 from extract 572:578 arg1 present 549:555 present 549:555 present 549:555 Linoleic acid (4.5-5.0%, w/w) which is a major fatty acid present in the ethanol extract promoted NGF biosynthesis when augmented with low concentration of NGF (5 ng/mL). 26911560 2 0 theme liposomes 482:490 arg1 properties 468:477 the properties 464:477 the properties of liposomes containing hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) 464:540 The aim of this work was to assess the role of transferrin (Tf) modification and phosphatidylcholine (PC) composition on the properties of liposomes containing hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD). 26911560 11 1 theme DCL 1700:1702 arg1 development 1685:1695 the development 1681:1695 the development of DCL modified with Tf 1681:1719 Collectively, by the optimization of PC composition, the development of DCL modified with Tf might represent a potential strategy for the antitumor application of lipophilic drugs. 26911560 9 2 theme tumor 1371:1375 arg1 cells 1377:1381 tumor cells 1371:1381 tumor cells 1371:1381 Soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC) liposomes modified with Tf were found to be more easily internalized into tumor cells than 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine (HSPC) while Tf density on the liposomal surface was similar. 26911560 6 3 theme PCs 1004:1006 arg1 values 984:989 The apparent partition coefficient values 949:989 The apparent partition coefficient values of different PCs 949:1006 The apparent partition coefficient values of different PCs were also determined. 26911560 5 4 theme different 775:783 arg1 compositions 788:799 different PC compositions 775:799 different PC compositions 775:799 The FITC-HP-β-CD-loaded liposomes with different PC compositions were compared in terms of particle size, zeta potential, FITC content, FITC-HP-β-CD leakage, phase transition temperature (Tm) and cellular uptake. 26911560 0 5 theme modification 79:90 arg1 role 59:62 role 59:62 Delivery of fluorescent-labeled cyclodextrin by liposomes: role of transferrin modification and phosphatidylcholine composition. 0:127 Delivery of fluorescent-labeled cyclodextrin by liposomes: role of transferrin modification and phosphatidylcholine composition. 26911560 1 6 theme drug/CD 188:194 arg1 complexes 206:214 the drug/CD inclusion complexes 184:214 the drug/CD inclusion complexes into inner aqueous phase of liposomes 184:252 Drug-in-CD-in-liposome (DCL) systems which encapsulate the drug/CD inclusion complexes into inner aqueous phase of liposomes have been applied as a novel strategy to improve efficacy of lipophilic antitumor drugs. 26911560 1 7 theme novel 277:281 arg1 systems 158:164 Drug-in-CD-in-liposome (DCL) systems 129:164 Drug-in-CD-in-liposome (DCL) systems which encapsulate the drug/CD inclusion complexes into inner aqueous phase of liposomes 129:252 Drug-in-CD-in-liposome (DCL) systems which encapsulate the drug/CD inclusion complexes into inner aqueous phase of liposomes have been applied as a novel strategy to improve efficacy of lipophilic antitumor drugs. 26911560 1 7 theme novel 277:281 arg1 strategy 283:290 a novel strategy 275:290 a novel strategy to improve efficacy of lipophilic antitumor drugs 275:340 Drug-in-CD-in-liposome (DCL) systems which encapsulate the drug/CD inclusion complexes into inner aqueous phase of liposomes have been applied as a novel strategy to improve efficacy of lipophilic antitumor drugs. 26911560 0 8 theme composition 116:126 arg1 role 59:62 role 59:62 Delivery of fluorescent-labeled cyclodextrin by liposomes: role of transferrin modification and phosphatidylcholine composition. 0:127 Delivery of fluorescent-labeled cyclodextrin by liposomes: role of transferrin modification and phosphatidylcholine composition. 26911560 11 9 theme PC 1665:1666 arg1 composition 1668:1678 PC composition 1665:1678 PC composition 1665:1678 Collectively, by the optimization of PC composition, the development of DCL modified with Tf might represent a potential strategy for the antitumor application of lipophilic drugs. 26911560 9 10 theme Tf 1502:1503 arg1 density 1505:1511 Tf density 1502:1511 Tf density on the liposomal surface 1502:1536 Soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC) liposomes modified with Tf were found to be more easily internalized into tumor cells than 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine (HSPC) while Tf density on the liposomal surface was similar. 26911560 0 11 theme phosphatidylcholine 96:114 arg1 composition 116:126 phosphatidylcholine composition 96:126 phosphatidylcholine composition 96:126 Delivery of fluorescent-labeled cyclodextrin by liposomes: role of transferrin modification and phosphatidylcholine composition. 26911560 7 12 theme vesicle 1152:1158 arg1 stability 1160:1168 vesicle stability 1152:1168 vesicle stability 1152:1168 Compared to PEGylated liposomes, FITC-HP-β-CD-loaded liposomes modified with Tf had been proved to significantly increase vesicle stability and specific cellular uptake. 26911560 5 13 theme FITC-HP-β-CD 872:883 arg1 leakage 885:891 FITC-HP-β-CD leakage 872:891 FITC-HP-β-CD leakage 872:891 The FITC-HP-β-CD-loaded liposomes with different PC compositions were compared in terms of particle size, zeta potential, FITC content, FITC-HP-β-CD leakage, phase transition temperature (Tm) and cellular uptake. 26911560 7 14 theme PEGylated 1042:1050 arg1 liposomes 1052:1060 PEGylated liposomes 1042:1060 PEGylated liposomes 1042:1060 Compared to PEGylated liposomes, FITC-HP-β-CD-loaded liposomes modified with Tf had been proved to significantly increase vesicle stability and specific cellular uptake. 26911560 5 15 theme FITC 858:861 arg1 content 863:869 FITC content 858:869 FITC content 858:869 The FITC-HP-β-CD-loaded liposomes with different PC compositions were compared in terms of particle size, zeta potential, FITC content, FITC-HP-β-CD leakage, phase transition temperature (Tm) and cellular uptake. 26911560 3 16 theme Fluorescence 543:554 arg1 FITC 561:564 FITC 561:564 FITC 561:564 Fluorescence dye, FITC, was conjugated with HP-β-CD to facilitate the analysis. 26911560 3 16 theme Fluorescence 543:554 arg1 dye 556:558 Fluorescence dye 543:558 Fluorescence dye 543:558 Fluorescence dye, FITC, was conjugated with HP-β-CD to facilitate the analysis. 26911560 1 17 theme inclusion 196:204 arg1 complexes 206:214 the drug/CD inclusion complexes 184:214 the drug/CD inclusion complexes into inner aqueous phase of liposomes 184:252 Drug-in-CD-in-liposome (DCL) systems which encapsulate the drug/CD inclusion complexes into inner aqueous phase of liposomes have been applied as a novel strategy to improve efficacy of lipophilic antitumor drugs. 26911560 5 18 theme particle 827:834 arg1 size 836:839 particle size 827:839 particle size 827:839 The FITC-HP-β-CD-loaded liposomes with different PC compositions were compared in terms of particle size, zeta potential, FITC content, FITC-HP-β-CD leakage, phase transition temperature (Tm) and cellular uptake. 26911560 11 19 theme lipophilic 1791:1800 arg1 drugs 1802:1806 lipophilic drugs 1791:1806 lipophilic drugs 1791:1806 Collectively, by the optimization of PC composition, the development of DCL modified with Tf might represent a potential strategy for the antitumor application of lipophilic drugs. 26911560 11 20 theme drugs 1802:1806 arg1 application 1776:1786 the antitumor application 1762:1786 the antitumor application of lipophilic drugs 1762:1806 Collectively, by the optimization of PC composition, the development of DCL modified with Tf might represent a potential strategy for the antitumor application of lipophilic drugs. 26911560 2 21 theme transferrin 390:400 arg1 modification 407:418 transferrin (Tf) modification 390:418 transferrin (Tf) modification 390:418 The aim of this work was to assess the role of transferrin (Tf) modification and phosphatidylcholine (PC) composition on the properties of liposomes containing hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD). 26911560 5 22 theme size 836:839 arg1 terms 818:822 terms 818:822 terms of particle size, zeta potential, FITC content, FITC-HP-β-CD leakage, phase transition temperature (Tm) and cellular uptake 818:946 The FITC-HP-β-CD-loaded liposomes with different PC compositions were compared in terms of particle size, zeta potential, FITC content, FITC-HP-β-CD leakage, phase transition temperature (Tm) and cellular uptake. 26911560 6 23 theme coefficient 972:982 arg1 values 984:989 The apparent partition coefficient values 949:989 The apparent partition coefficient values of different PCs 949:1006 The apparent partition coefficient values of different PCs were also determined. 26911560 5 24 theme PC 785:786 arg1 compositions 788:799 different PC compositions 775:799 different PC compositions 775:799 The FITC-HP-β-CD-loaded liposomes with different PC compositions were compared in terms of particle size, zeta potential, FITC content, FITC-HP-β-CD leakage, phase transition temperature (Tm) and cellular uptake. 26911560 9 25 theme liposomal 1520:1528 arg1 surface 1530:1536 the liposomal surface 1516:1536 the liposomal surface 1516:1536 Soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC) liposomes modified with Tf were found to be more easily internalized into tumor cells than 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine (HSPC) while Tf density on the liposomal surface was similar. 26911560 6 26 theme different 994:1002 arg1 PCs 1004:1006 different PCs 994:1006 different PCs 994:1006 The apparent partition coefficient values of different PCs were also determined. 26911560 9 27 theme Soybean 1263:1269 arg1 liposomes 1297:1305 Soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC) liposomes 1263:1305 Soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC) liposomes modified with Tf 1263:1322 Soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC) liposomes modified with Tf were found to be more easily internalized into tumor cells than 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine (HSPC) while Tf density on the liposomal surface was similar. 26911560 5 28 theme FITC-HP-β-CD-loaded 740:758 arg1 liposomes 760:768 The FITC-HP-β-CD-loaded liposomes 736:768 The FITC-HP-β-CD-loaded liposomes with different PC compositions 736:799 The FITC-HP-β-CD-loaded liposomes with different PC compositions were compared in terms of particle size, zeta potential, FITC content, FITC-HP-β-CD leakage, phase transition temperature (Tm) and cellular uptake. 26911560 1 29 theme inner 221:225 arg1 phase 235:239 inner aqueous phase 221:239 inner aqueous phase of liposomes 221:252 Drug-in-CD-in-liposome (DCL) systems which encapsulate the drug/CD inclusion complexes into inner aqueous phase of liposomes have been applied as a novel strategy to improve efficacy of lipophilic antitumor drugs. 26911560 0 30 theme cyclodextrin 32:43 arg1 Delivery 0:7 Delivery 0:7 Delivery of fluorescent-labeled cyclodextrin by liposomes: role of transferrin modification and phosphatidylcholine composition. 0:127 Delivery of fluorescent-labeled cyclodextrin by liposomes: role of transferrin modification and phosphatidylcholine composition. 26911560 8 31 theme PC 1210:1211 arg1 composition 1213:1223 PC composition 1210:1223 PC composition 1210:1223 Moreover, PC composition affected the properties of liposomes. 26911560 10 32 theme SPC 1576:1578 arg1 lipophilicity 1559:1571 the lipophilicity 1555:1571 the lipophilicity of SPC 1555:1578 And the lipophilicity of SPC was found to be much higher than DPPC and HSPC. 26911560 10 32 theme SPC 1576:1578 arg1 higher 1601:1606 higher 1601:1606 higher 1601:1606 And the lipophilicity of SPC was found to be much higher than DPPC and HSPC. 26911560 9 33 theme phosphatidylcholine 1271:1289 arg1 liposomes 1297:1305 Soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC) liposomes 1263:1305 Soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC) liposomes modified with Tf 1263:1322 Soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC) liposomes modified with Tf were found to be more easily internalized into tumor cells than 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine (HSPC) while Tf density on the liposomal surface was similar. 26911560 1 34 theme aqueous 227:233 arg1 phase 235:239 inner aqueous phase 221:239 inner aqueous phase of liposomes 221:252 Drug-in-CD-in-liposome (DCL) systems which encapsulate the drug/CD inclusion complexes into inner aqueous phase of liposomes have been applied as a novel strategy to improve efficacy of lipophilic antitumor drugs. 26911560 2 35 theme phosphatidylcholine 424:442 arg1 composition 449:459 phosphatidylcholine (PC) composition 424:459 phosphatidylcholine (PC) composition 424:459 The aim of this work was to assess the role of transferrin (Tf) modification and phosphatidylcholine (PC) composition on the properties of liposomes containing hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD). 26911560 9 36 from density 1505:1511 arg1 surface 1530:1536 the liposomal surface 1516:1536 the liposomal surface 1516:1536 Soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC) liposomes modified with Tf were found to be more easily internalized into tumor cells than 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine (HSPC) while Tf density on the liposomal surface was similar. 26911560 11 37 theme potential 1739:1747 arg1 strategy 1749:1756 a potential strategy 1737:1756 a potential strategy for the antitumor application of lipophilic drugs 1737:1806 Collectively, by the optimization of PC composition, the development of DCL modified with Tf might represent a potential strategy for the antitumor application of lipophilic drugs. 26911560 1 38 theme Drug-in-CD-in-liposome 129:150 arg1 systems 158:164 Drug-in-CD-in-liposome (DCL) systems 129:164 Drug-in-CD-in-liposome (DCL) systems which encapsulate the drug/CD inclusion complexes into inner aqueous phase of liposomes 129:252 Drug-in-CD-in-liposome (DCL) systems which encapsulate the drug/CD inclusion complexes into inner aqueous phase of liposomes have been applied as a novel strategy to improve efficacy of lipophilic antitumor drugs. 26911560 1 38 theme Drug-in-CD-in-liposome 129:150 arg1 strategy 283:290 a novel strategy 275:290 a novel strategy to improve efficacy of lipophilic antitumor drugs 275:340 Drug-in-CD-in-liposome (DCL) systems which encapsulate the drug/CD inclusion complexes into inner aqueous phase of liposomes have been applied as a novel strategy to improve efficacy of lipophilic antitumor drugs. 26911560 2 39 theme modification 407:418 arg1 role 382:385 the role 378:385 the role of transferrin (Tf) modification and phosphatidylcholine (PC) composition on the properties of liposomes containing hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) 378:540 The aim of this work was to assess the role of transferrin (Tf) modification and phosphatidylcholine (PC) composition on the properties of liposomes containing hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD). 26911560 1 40 theme lipophilic 315:324 arg1 drugs 336:340 lipophilic antitumor drugs 315:340 lipophilic antitumor drugs 315:340 Drug-in-CD-in-liposome (DCL) systems which encapsulate the drug/CD inclusion complexes into inner aqueous phase of liposomes have been applied as a novel strategy to improve efficacy of lipophilic antitumor drugs. 26911560 9 41 theme SPC 1292:1294 arg1 liposomes 1297:1305 Soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC) liposomes 1263:1305 Soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC) liposomes modified with Tf 1263:1322 Soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC) liposomes modified with Tf were found to be more easily internalized into tumor cells than 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine (HSPC) while Tf density on the liposomal surface was similar. 26911560 5 42 theme phase 894:898 arg1 Tm 924:925 Tm 924:925 Tm 924:925 The FITC-HP-β-CD-loaded liposomes with different PC compositions were compared in terms of particle size, zeta potential, FITC content, FITC-HP-β-CD leakage, phase transition temperature (Tm) and cellular uptake. 26911560 5 42 theme phase 894:898 arg1 temperature 911:921 phase transition temperature 894:921 phase transition temperature (Tm) 894:926 The FITC-HP-β-CD-loaded liposomes with different PC compositions were compared in terms of particle size, zeta potential, FITC content, FITC-HP-β-CD leakage, phase transition temperature (Tm) and cellular uptake. 26911560 5 43 theme content 863:869 arg1 terms 818:822 terms 818:822 terms of particle size, zeta potential, FITC content, FITC-HP-β-CD leakage, phase transition temperature (Tm) and cellular uptake 818:946 The FITC-HP-β-CD-loaded liposomes with different PC compositions were compared in terms of particle size, zeta potential, FITC content, FITC-HP-β-CD leakage, phase transition temperature (Tm) and cellular uptake. 26911560 0 44 theme fluorescent-labeled 12:30 arg1 cyclodextrin 32:43 fluorescent-labeled cyclodextrin 12:43 fluorescent-labeled cyclodextrin 12:43 Delivery of fluorescent-labeled cyclodextrin by liposomes: role of transferrin modification and phosphatidylcholine composition. 26911560 1 45 theme antitumor 326:334 arg1 drugs 336:340 lipophilic antitumor drugs 315:340 lipophilic antitumor drugs 315:340 Drug-in-CD-in-liposome (DCL) systems which encapsulate the drug/CD inclusion complexes into inner aqueous phase of liposomes have been applied as a novel strategy to improve efficacy of lipophilic antitumor drugs. 26911560 8 46 theme liposomes 1252:1260 arg1 properties 1238:1247 the properties 1234:1247 the properties of liposomes 1234:1260 Moreover, PC composition affected the properties of liposomes. 26911560 5 47 theme zeta 842:845 arg1 potential 847:855 zeta potential 842:855 zeta potential 842:855 The FITC-HP-β-CD-loaded liposomes with different PC compositions were compared in terms of particle size, zeta potential, FITC content, FITC-HP-β-CD leakage, phase transition temperature (Tm) and cellular uptake. 26911560 2 48 theme Tf 403:404 arg1 modification 407:418 transferrin (Tf) modification 390:418 transferrin (Tf) modification 390:418 The aim of this work was to assess the role of transferrin (Tf) modification and phosphatidylcholine (PC) composition on the properties of liposomes containing hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD). 26911560 7 49 theme specific 1174:1181 arg1 uptake 1192:1197 specific cellular uptake 1174:1197 specific cellular uptake 1174:1197 Compared to PEGylated liposomes, FITC-HP-β-CD-loaded liposomes modified with Tf had been proved to significantly increase vesicle stability and specific cellular uptake. 26911560 1 50 theme drugs 336:340 arg1 efficacy 303:310 efficacy 303:310 efficacy of lipophilic antitumor drugs 303:340 Drug-in-CD-in-liposome (DCL) systems which encapsulate the drug/CD inclusion complexes into inner aqueous phase of liposomes have been applied as a novel strategy to improve efficacy of lipophilic antitumor drugs. 26911560 7 51 theme FITC-HP-β-CD-loaded 1063:1081 arg1 liposomes 1083:1091 FITC-HP-β-CD-loaded liposomes 1063:1091 FITC-HP-β-CD-loaded liposomes modified with Tf 1063:1108 Compared to PEGylated liposomes, FITC-HP-β-CD-loaded liposomes modified with Tf had been proved to significantly increase vesicle stability and specific cellular uptake. 26911560 2 52 from role 382:385 arg1 properties 468:477 the properties 464:477 the properties of liposomes containing hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) 464:540 The aim of this work was to assess the role of transferrin (Tf) modification and phosphatidylcholine (PC) composition on the properties of liposomes containing hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD). 26911560 2 53 theme work 359:362 arg1 aim 347:349 The aim 343:349 The aim of this work 343:362 The aim of this work was to assess the role of transferrin (Tf) modification and phosphatidylcholine (PC) composition on the properties of liposomes containing hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD). 26911560 2 54 theme composition 449:459 arg1 role 382:385 the role 378:385 the role of transferrin (Tf) modification and phosphatidylcholine (PC) composition on the properties of liposomes containing hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) 378:540 The aim of this work was to assess the role of transferrin (Tf) modification and phosphatidylcholine (PC) composition on the properties of liposomes containing hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD). 26911560 11 55 theme antitumor 1766:1774 arg1 application 1776:1786 the antitumor application 1762:1786 the antitumor application of lipophilic drugs 1762:1806 Collectively, by the optimization of PC composition, the development of DCL modified with Tf might represent a potential strategy for the antitumor application of lipophilic drugs. 26911560 5 56 with liposomes 760:768 arg1 compositions 788:799 different PC compositions 775:799 different PC compositions 775:799 The FITC-HP-β-CD-loaded liposomes with different PC compositions were compared in terms of particle size, zeta potential, FITC content, FITC-HP-β-CD leakage, phase transition temperature (Tm) and cellular uptake. 26911560 2 57 contain containing 492:501 arg2 HP-β-CD 533:539 HP-β-CD 533:539 HP-β-CD 533:539 The aim of this work was to assess the role of transferrin (Tf) modification and phosphatidylcholine (PC) composition on the properties of liposomes containing hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD). 26911560 2 57 contain containing 492:501 arg2 hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin 503:530 hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin 503:530 hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) 503:540 The aim of this work was to assess the role of transferrin (Tf) modification and phosphatidylcholine (PC) composition on the properties of liposomes containing hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD). 26911560 2 57 contain containing 492:501 arg1 liposomes 482:490 liposomes 482:490 liposomes containing hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) 482:540 The aim of this work was to assess the role of transferrin (Tf) modification and phosphatidylcholine (PC) composition on the properties of liposomes containing hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD). 26911560 9 58 theme hydrogenated 1448:1459 arg1 HSPC 1490:1493 HSPC 1490:1493 HSPC 1490:1493 Soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC) liposomes modified with Tf were found to be more easily internalized into tumor cells than 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine (HSPC) while Tf density on the liposomal surface was similar. 26911560 9 58 theme hydrogenated 1448:1459 arg1 phosphatidylcholine 1469:1487 hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine 1448:1487 hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine (HSPC) 1448:1494 Soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC) liposomes modified with Tf were found to be more easily internalized into tumor cells than 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine (HSPC) while Tf density on the liposomal surface was similar. 26911560 6 59 theme partition 962:970 arg1 values 984:989 The apparent partition coefficient values 949:989 The apparent partition coefficient values of different PCs 949:1006 The apparent partition coefficient values of different PCs were also determined. 26911560 7 60 theme cellular 1183:1190 arg1 uptake 1192:1197 specific cellular uptake 1174:1197 specific cellular uptake 1174:1197 Compared to PEGylated liposomes, FITC-HP-β-CD-loaded liposomes modified with Tf had been proved to significantly increase vesicle stability and specific cellular uptake. 26911560 5 61 theme cellular 932:939 arg1 uptake 941:946 cellular uptake 932:946 cellular uptake 932:946 The FITC-HP-β-CD-loaded liposomes with different PC compositions were compared in terms of particle size, zeta potential, FITC content, FITC-HP-β-CD leakage, phase transition temperature (Tm) and cellular uptake. 26911560 4 62 mod modified 718:725 arg1 liposomes 703:711 the liposomes 699:711 the liposomes 699:711 The resulting FITC-HP-β-CD was further encapsulated into liposomes and then the liposomes were modified with Tf. 26911560 4 62 mod modified 718:725 arg3 Tf 732:733 Tf 732:733 Tf 732:733 The resulting FITC-HP-β-CD was further encapsulated into liposomes and then the liposomes were modified with Tf. 26911560 9 63 theme soybean 1461:1467 arg1 HSPC 1490:1493 HSPC 1490:1493 HSPC 1490:1493 Soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC) liposomes modified with Tf were found to be more easily internalized into tumor cells than 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine (HSPC) while Tf density on the liposomal surface was similar. 26911560 9 63 theme soybean 1461:1467 arg1 phosphatidylcholine 1469:1487 hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine 1448:1487 hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine (HSPC) 1448:1494 Soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC) liposomes modified with Tf were found to be more easily internalized into tumor cells than 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine (HSPC) while Tf density on the liposomal surface was similar. 26911560 5 64 theme potential 847:855 arg1 terms 818:822 terms 818:822 terms of particle size, zeta potential, FITC content, FITC-HP-β-CD leakage, phase transition temperature (Tm) and cellular uptake 818:946 The FITC-HP-β-CD-loaded liposomes with different PC compositions were compared in terms of particle size, zeta potential, FITC content, FITC-HP-β-CD leakage, phase transition temperature (Tm) and cellular uptake. 26911560 11 65 theme composition 1668:1678 arg1 optimization 1649:1660 the optimization 1645:1660 the optimization of PC composition 1645:1678 Collectively, by the optimization of PC composition, the development of DCL modified with Tf might represent a potential strategy for the antitumor application of lipophilic drugs. 26911560 5 66 theme uptake 941:946 arg1 terms 818:822 terms 818:822 terms of particle size, zeta potential, FITC content, FITC-HP-β-CD leakage, phase transition temperature (Tm) and cellular uptake 818:946 The FITC-HP-β-CD-loaded liposomes with different PC compositions were compared in terms of particle size, zeta potential, FITC content, FITC-HP-β-CD leakage, phase transition temperature (Tm) and cellular uptake. 26911560 0 67 theme transferrin 67:77 arg1 modification 79:90 transferrin modification 67:90 transferrin modification 67:90 Delivery of fluorescent-labeled cyclodextrin by liposomes: role of transferrin modification and phosphatidylcholine composition. 26911560 1 68 theme liposomes 244:252 arg1 phase 235:239 inner aqueous phase 221:239 inner aqueous phase of liposomes 221:252 Drug-in-CD-in-liposome (DCL) systems which encapsulate the drug/CD inclusion complexes into inner aqueous phase of liposomes have been applied as a novel strategy to improve efficacy of lipophilic antitumor drugs. 26911560 5 69 theme transition 900:909 arg1 Tm 924:925 Tm 924:925 Tm 924:925 The FITC-HP-β-CD-loaded liposomes with different PC compositions were compared in terms of particle size, zeta potential, FITC content, FITC-HP-β-CD leakage, phase transition temperature (Tm) and cellular uptake. 26911560 5 69 theme transition 900:909 arg1 temperature 911:921 phase transition temperature 894:921 phase transition temperature (Tm) 894:926 The FITC-HP-β-CD-loaded liposomes with different PC compositions were compared in terms of particle size, zeta potential, FITC content, FITC-HP-β-CD leakage, phase transition temperature (Tm) and cellular uptake. 26911560 5 70 theme leakage 885:891 arg1 terms 818:822 terms 818:822 terms of particle size, zeta potential, FITC content, FITC-HP-β-CD leakage, phase transition temperature (Tm) and cellular uptake 818:946 The FITC-HP-β-CD-loaded liposomes with different PC compositions were compared in terms of particle size, zeta potential, FITC content, FITC-HP-β-CD leakage, phase transition temperature (Tm) and cellular uptake. 26911560 4 71 theme resulting 627:635 arg1 FITC-HP-β-CD 637:648 The resulting FITC-HP-β-CD 623:648 The resulting FITC-HP-β-CD 623:648 The resulting FITC-HP-β-CD was further encapsulated into liposomes and then the liposomes were modified with Tf. 26911560 0 72 dep Delivery 0:7 arg1 role 59:62 role 59:62 Delivery of fluorescent-labeled cyclodextrin by liposomes: role of transferrin modification and phosphatidylcholine composition. 0:127 Delivery of fluorescent-labeled cyclodextrin by liposomes: role of transferrin modification and phosphatidylcholine composition. 26911560 5 73 theme temperature 911:921 arg1 terms 818:822 terms 818:822 terms of particle size, zeta potential, FITC content, FITC-HP-β-CD leakage, phase transition temperature (Tm) and cellular uptake 818:946 The FITC-HP-β-CD-loaded liposomes with different PC compositions were compared in terms of particle size, zeta potential, FITC content, FITC-HP-β-CD leakage, phase transition temperature (Tm) and cellular uptake. 26911560 6 74 theme apparent 953:960 arg1 values 984:989 The apparent partition coefficient values 949:989 The apparent partition coefficient values of different PCs 949:1006 The apparent partition coefficient values of different PCs were also determined. 26601843 0 0 theme U937 83:86 arg1 Cells 104:108 U937 Macrophage-Like Cells 83:108 U937 Macrophage-Like Cells 83:108 Effects of Liposomal Compositions with Oxidized Dextrans on Functional Activity of U937 Macrophage-Like Cells In Vitro. 26601843 1 1 theme liposomal 146:154 arg1 compositions 171:182 liposomal pharmaceutical compositions 146:182 liposomal pharmaceutical compositions with oxidized dextrans 146:205 We studied the effects of liposomal pharmaceutical compositions with oxidized dextrans on functional activity of U937 monocyte/macrophage-like cells. 26601843 5 2 theme INAH-conjugated 790:804 arg1 dextran 806:812 INAH-conjugated dextran 790:812 INAH-conjugated dextran 790:812 Liposomes with oxidized 40 kDa dextran, including those with INAH-conjugated dextran, inhibited production of superoxide anion, but increased H2O2 generation. 26601843 2 3 theme kDa 364:366 arg1 INAH 400:403 INAH 400:403 INAH 400:403 Liposomes in the emulsion contained oxidized dextran with a molecular weights of 40 kDa or 70 kDa or isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INAH) conjugated with oxidized dextran (40 kDa). 26601843 2 3 theme kDa 364:366 arg1 hydrazide 389:397 isonicotinic acid hydrazide 371:397 isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INAH) conjugated with oxidized dextran (40 kDa) 371:446 Liposomes in the emulsion contained oxidized dextran with a molecular weights of 40 kDa or 70 kDa or isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INAH) conjugated with oxidized dextran (40 kDa). 26601843 2 3 theme kDa 364:366 arg1 weights 340:346 a molecular weights 328:346 a molecular weights of 40 kDa or 70 kDa 328:366 Liposomes in the emulsion contained oxidized dextran with a molecular weights of 40 kDa or 70 kDa or isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INAH) conjugated with oxidized dextran (40 kDa). 26601843 0 4 theme Cells 104:108 arg1 Activity 71:78 Functional Activity 60:78 Functional Activity of U937 Macrophage-Like Cells In Vitro 60:117 Effects of Liposomal Compositions with Oxidized Dextrans on Functional Activity of U937 Macrophage-Like Cells In Vitro. 26601843 0 5 from Effects 0:6 arg1 Activity 71:78 Functional Activity 60:78 Functional Activity of U937 Macrophage-Like Cells In Vitro 60:117 Effects of Liposomal Compositions with Oxidized Dextrans on Functional Activity of U937 Macrophage-Like Cells In Vitro. 26601843 3 6 theme transmembrane 505:517 arg1 potential 519:527 mitochondrial transmembrane potential 491:527 mitochondrial transmembrane potential 491:527 Cell viability was evaluated by MTT test; mitochondrial transmembrane potential and production of superoxide anion and H2O2 were studied by fluorescent methods. 26601843 0 7 theme Macrophage-Like 88:102 arg1 Cells 104:108 U937 Macrophage-Like Cells 83:108 U937 Macrophage-Like Cells 83:108 Effects of Liposomal Compositions with Oxidized Dextrans on Functional Activity of U937 Macrophage-Like Cells In Vitro. 26601843 5 8 with Liposomes 729:737 arg1 dextran 760:766 oxidized 40 kDa dextran 744:766 oxidized 40 kDa dextran 744:766 Liposomes with oxidized 40 kDa dextran, including those with INAH-conjugated dextran, inhibited production of superoxide anion, but increased H2O2 generation. 26601843 1 9 from effects 135:141 arg1 activity 221:228 functional activity 210:228 functional activity of U937 monocyte/macrophage-like cells 210:267 We studied the effects of liposomal pharmaceutical compositions with oxidized dextrans on functional activity of U937 monocyte/macrophage-like cells. 26601843 3 10 theme superoxide 547:556 arg1 anion 558:562 superoxide anion 547:562 superoxide anion 547:562 Cell viability was evaluated by MTT test; mitochondrial transmembrane potential and production of superoxide anion and H2O2 were studied by fluorescent methods. 26601843 4 11 theme mitochondrial 702:714 arg1 respiration 716:726 mitochondrial respiration 702:726 mitochondrial respiration 702:726 The studied compositions exhibited no cytotoxic effect and even improved cell viability and mitochondrial respiration. 26601843 2 12 theme oxidized 422:429 arg1 kDa 443:445 40 kDa 440:445 40 kDa 440:445 Liposomes in the emulsion contained oxidized dextran with a molecular weights of 40 kDa or 70 kDa or isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INAH) conjugated with oxidized dextran (40 kDa). 26601843 2 12 theme oxidized 422:429 arg1 dextran 431:437 oxidized dextran 422:437 oxidized dextran (40 kDa) 422:446 Liposomes in the emulsion contained oxidized dextran with a molecular weights of 40 kDa or 70 kDa or isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INAH) conjugated with oxidized dextran (40 kDa). 26601843 2 13 theme oxidized 306:313 arg1 dextran 315:321 oxidized dextran 306:321 oxidized dextran with a molecular weights of 40 kDa or 70 kDa or isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INAH) conjugated with oxidized dextran (40 kDa) 306:446 Liposomes in the emulsion contained oxidized dextran with a molecular weights of 40 kDa or 70 kDa or isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INAH) conjugated with oxidized dextran (40 kDa). 26601843 4 14 theme cell 683:686 arg1 viability 688:696 cell viability 683:696 cell viability 683:696 The studied compositions exhibited no cytotoxic effect and even improved cell viability and mitochondrial respiration. 26601843 1 15 theme compositions 171:182 arg1 effects 135:141 the effects 131:141 the effects of liposomal pharmaceutical compositions with oxidized dextrans on functional activity of U937 monocyte/macrophage-like cells 131:267 We studied the effects of liposomal pharmaceutical compositions with oxidized dextrans on functional activity of U937 monocyte/macrophage-like cells. 26601843 3 16 theme H2O2 568:571 arg1 production 533:542 production 533:542 production of superoxide anion and H2O2 533:571 Cell viability was evaluated by MTT test; mitochondrial transmembrane potential and production of superoxide anion and H2O2 were studied by fluorescent methods. 26601843 3 16 theme H2O2 568:571 arg1 potential 519:527 mitochondrial transmembrane potential 491:527 mitochondrial transmembrane potential 491:527 Cell viability was evaluated by MTT test; mitochondrial transmembrane potential and production of superoxide anion and H2O2 were studied by fluorescent methods. 26601843 1 17 theme oxidized 189:196 arg1 dextrans 198:205 oxidized dextrans 189:205 oxidized dextrans 189:205 We studied the effects of liposomal pharmaceutical compositions with oxidized dextrans on functional activity of U937 monocyte/macrophage-like cells. 26601843 5 18 theme superoxide 839:848 arg1 anion 850:854 superoxide anion 839:854 superoxide anion 839:854 Liposomes with oxidized 40 kDa dextran, including those with INAH-conjugated dextran, inhibited production of superoxide anion, but increased H2O2 generation. 26601843 2 19 contain contained 296:304 arg1 Liposomes 270:278 Liposomes 270:278 Liposomes in the emulsion 270:294 Liposomes in the emulsion contained oxidized dextran with a molecular weights of 40 kDa or 70 kDa or isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INAH) conjugated with oxidized dextran (40 kDa). 26601843 2 19 contain contained 296:304 arg2 dextran 315:321 oxidized dextran 306:321 oxidized dextran with a molecular weights of 40 kDa or 70 kDa or isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INAH) conjugated with oxidized dextran (40 kDa) 306:446 Liposomes in the emulsion contained oxidized dextran with a molecular weights of 40 kDa or 70 kDa or isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INAH) conjugated with oxidized dextran (40 kDa). 26601843 0 20 theme Compositions 21:32 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of Liposomal Compositions with Oxidized Dextrans on Functional Activity of U937 Macrophage-Like Cells In Vitro 0:117 Effects of Liposomal Compositions with Oxidized Dextrans on Functional Activity of U937 Macrophage-Like Cells In Vitro. 26601843 2 21 theme molecular 330:338 arg1 weights 340:346 a molecular weights 328:346 a molecular weights of 40 kDa or 70 kDa 328:366 Liposomes in the emulsion contained oxidized dextran with a molecular weights of 40 kDa or 70 kDa or isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INAH) conjugated with oxidized dextran (40 kDa). 26601843 2 22 from Liposomes 270:278 arg1 emulsion 287:294 the emulsion 283:294 the emulsion 283:294 Liposomes in the emulsion contained oxidized dextran with a molecular weights of 40 kDa or 70 kDa or isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INAH) conjugated with oxidized dextran (40 kDa). 26601843 0 23 theme Liposomal 11:19 arg1 Compositions 21:32 Liposomal Compositions 11:32 Liposomal Compositions with Oxidized Dextrans 11:55 Effects of Liposomal Compositions with Oxidized Dextrans on Functional Activity of U937 Macrophage-Like Cells In Vitro. 26601843 1 24 theme pharmaceutical 156:169 arg1 compositions 171:182 liposomal pharmaceutical compositions 146:182 liposomal pharmaceutical compositions with oxidized dextrans 146:205 We studied the effects of liposomal pharmaceutical compositions with oxidized dextrans on functional activity of U937 monocyte/macrophage-like cells. 26601843 1 25 theme functional 210:219 arg1 activity 221:228 functional activity 210:228 functional activity of U937 monocyte/macrophage-like cells 210:267 We studied the effects of liposomal pharmaceutical compositions with oxidized dextrans on functional activity of U937 monocyte/macrophage-like cells. 26601843 0 26 theme Oxidized 39:46 arg1 Dextrans 48:55 Oxidized Dextrans 39:55 Oxidized Dextrans 39:55 Effects of Liposomal Compositions with Oxidized Dextrans on Functional Activity of U937 Macrophage-Like Cells In Vitro. 26601843 3 27 theme fluorescent 589:599 arg1 methods 601:607 fluorescent methods 589:607 fluorescent methods 589:607 Cell viability was evaluated by MTT test; mitochondrial transmembrane potential and production of superoxide anion and H2O2 were studied by fluorescent methods. 26601843 5 28 theme H2O2 871:874 arg1 generation 876:885 H2O2 generation 871:885 H2O2 generation 871:885 Liposomes with oxidized 40 kDa dextran, including those with INAH-conjugated dextran, inhibited production of superoxide anion, but increased H2O2 generation. 26601843 5 29 theme oxidized 744:751 arg1 dextran 760:766 oxidized 40 kDa dextran 744:766 oxidized 40 kDa dextran 744:766 Liposomes with oxidized 40 kDa dextran, including those with INAH-conjugated dextran, inhibited production of superoxide anion, but increased H2O2 generation. 26601843 5 30 theme kDa 756:758 arg1 dextran 760:766 oxidized 40 kDa dextran 744:766 oxidized 40 kDa dextran 744:766 Liposomes with oxidized 40 kDa dextran, including those with INAH-conjugated dextran, inhibited production of superoxide anion, but increased H2O2 generation. 26601843 5 31 theme anion 850:854 arg1 production 825:834 production 825:834 production of superoxide anion 825:854 Liposomes with oxidized 40 kDa dextran, including those with INAH-conjugated dextran, inhibited production of superoxide anion, but increased H2O2 generation. 26601843 0 32 with Compositions 21:32 arg1 Dextrans 48:55 Oxidized Dextrans 39:55 Oxidized Dextrans 39:55 Effects of Liposomal Compositions with Oxidized Dextrans on Functional Activity of U937 Macrophage-Like Cells In Vitro. 26601843 3 33 theme Cell 449:452 arg1 viability 454:462 Cell viability 449:462 Cell viability 449:462 Cell viability was evaluated by MTT test; mitochondrial transmembrane potential and production of superoxide anion and H2O2 were studied by fluorescent methods. 26601843 5 34 theme 40 753:754 arg1 kDa 756:758 kDa 756:758 kDa 756:758 Liposomes with oxidized 40 kDa dextran, including those with INAH-conjugated dextran, inhibited production of superoxide anion, but increased H2O2 generation. 26601843 3 35 theme MTT 481:483 arg1 test 485:488 MTT test 481:488 MTT test 481:488 Cell viability was evaluated by MTT test; mitochondrial transmembrane potential and production of superoxide anion and H2O2 were studied by fluorescent methods. 26601843 3 36 theme mitochondrial 491:503 arg1 potential 519:527 mitochondrial transmembrane potential 491:527 mitochondrial transmembrane potential 491:527 Cell viability was evaluated by MTT test; mitochondrial transmembrane potential and production of superoxide anion and H2O2 were studied by fluorescent methods. 26601843 1 37 with compositions 171:182 arg1 dextrans 198:205 oxidized dextrans 189:205 oxidized dextrans 189:205 We studied the effects of liposomal pharmaceutical compositions with oxidized dextrans on functional activity of U937 monocyte/macrophage-like cells. 26601843 2 38 theme kDa 354:356 arg1 INAH 400:403 INAH 400:403 INAH 400:403 Liposomes in the emulsion contained oxidized dextran with a molecular weights of 40 kDa or 70 kDa or isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INAH) conjugated with oxidized dextran (40 kDa). 26601843 2 38 theme kDa 354:356 arg1 hydrazide 389:397 isonicotinic acid hydrazide 371:397 isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INAH) conjugated with oxidized dextran (40 kDa) 371:446 Liposomes in the emulsion contained oxidized dextran with a molecular weights of 40 kDa or 70 kDa or isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INAH) conjugated with oxidized dextran (40 kDa). 26601843 2 38 theme kDa 354:356 arg1 weights 340:346 a molecular weights 328:346 a molecular weights of 40 kDa or 70 kDa 328:366 Liposomes in the emulsion contained oxidized dextran with a molecular weights of 40 kDa or 70 kDa or isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INAH) conjugated with oxidized dextran (40 kDa). 26601843 3 39 theme anion 558:562 arg1 production 533:542 production 533:542 production of superoxide anion and H2O2 533:571 Cell viability was evaluated by MTT test; mitochondrial transmembrane potential and production of superoxide anion and H2O2 were studied by fluorescent methods. 26601843 3 39 theme anion 558:562 arg1 potential 519:527 mitochondrial transmembrane potential 491:527 mitochondrial transmembrane potential 491:527 Cell viability was evaluated by MTT test; mitochondrial transmembrane potential and production of superoxide anion and H2O2 were studied by fluorescent methods. 26601843 1 40 theme U937 233:236 arg1 cells 263:267 U937 monocyte/macrophage-like cells 233:267 U937 monocyte/macrophage-like cells 233:267 We studied the effects of liposomal pharmaceutical compositions with oxidized dextrans on functional activity of U937 monocyte/macrophage-like cells. 26601843 1 41 theme monocyte/macrophage-like 238:261 arg1 cells 263:267 U937 monocyte/macrophage-like cells 233:267 U937 monocyte/macrophage-like cells 233:267 We studied the effects of liposomal pharmaceutical compositions with oxidized dextrans on functional activity of U937 monocyte/macrophage-like cells. 26601843 4 42 theme cytotoxic 648:656 arg1 effect 658:663 no cytotoxic effect 645:663 no cytotoxic effect 645:663 The studied compositions exhibited no cytotoxic effect and even improved cell viability and mitochondrial respiration. 26601843 2 43 theme acid 384:387 arg1 INAH 400:403 INAH 400:403 INAH 400:403 Liposomes in the emulsion contained oxidized dextran with a molecular weights of 40 kDa or 70 kDa or isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INAH) conjugated with oxidized dextran (40 kDa). 26601843 2 43 theme acid 384:387 arg1 hydrazide 389:397 isonicotinic acid hydrazide 371:397 isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INAH) conjugated with oxidized dextran (40 kDa) 371:446 Liposomes in the emulsion contained oxidized dextran with a molecular weights of 40 kDa or 70 kDa or isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INAH) conjugated with oxidized dextran (40 kDa). 26601843 1 44 theme cells 263:267 arg1 activity 221:228 functional activity 210:228 functional activity of U937 monocyte/macrophage-like cells 210:267 We studied the effects of liposomal pharmaceutical compositions with oxidized dextrans on functional activity of U937 monocyte/macrophage-like cells. 26601843 0 45 theme Functional 60:69 arg1 Activity 71:78 Functional Activity 60:78 Functional Activity of U937 Macrophage-Like Cells In Vitro 60:117 Effects of Liposomal Compositions with Oxidized Dextrans on Functional Activity of U937 Macrophage-Like Cells In Vitro. 26601843 4 46 theme studied 614:620 arg1 compositions 622:633 The studied compositions 610:633 The studied compositions 610:633 The studied compositions exhibited no cytotoxic effect and even improved cell viability and mitochondrial respiration. 26601843 2 47 theme isonicotinic 371:382 arg1 INAH 400:403 INAH 400:403 INAH 400:403 Liposomes in the emulsion contained oxidized dextran with a molecular weights of 40 kDa or 70 kDa or isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INAH) conjugated with oxidized dextran (40 kDa). 26601843 2 47 theme isonicotinic 371:382 arg1 hydrazide 389:397 isonicotinic acid hydrazide 371:397 isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INAH) conjugated with oxidized dextran (40 kDa) 371:446 Liposomes in the emulsion contained oxidized dextran with a molecular weights of 40 kDa or 70 kDa or isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INAH) conjugated with oxidized dextran (40 kDa). 26601843 2 48 with dextran 315:321 arg1 INAH 400:403 INAH 400:403 INAH 400:403 Liposomes in the emulsion contained oxidized dextran with a molecular weights of 40 kDa or 70 kDa or isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INAH) conjugated with oxidized dextran (40 kDa). 26601843 2 48 with dextran 315:321 arg1 hydrazide 389:397 isonicotinic acid hydrazide 371:397 isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INAH) conjugated with oxidized dextran (40 kDa) 371:446 Liposomes in the emulsion contained oxidized dextran with a molecular weights of 40 kDa or 70 kDa or isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INAH) conjugated with oxidized dextran (40 kDa). 26601843 2 48 with dextran 315:321 arg1 weights 340:346 a molecular weights 328:346 a molecular weights of 40 kDa or 70 kDa 328:366 Liposomes in the emulsion contained oxidized dextran with a molecular weights of 40 kDa or 70 kDa or isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INAH) conjugated with oxidized dextran (40 kDa). 29197057 2 0 theme EPS-producing 136:148 arg1 sp 168:169 The EPS-producing Pseudoalteromonas sp 132:169 The EPS-producing Pseudoalteromonas sp. 132:170 The EPS-producing Pseudoalteromonas sp. 29197057 3 1 theme evident 246:252 arg1 appearance 260:269 its evident slimy appearance 242:269 its evident slimy appearance on agar plates 242:284 MER144 was selected among 606 isolates from Antarctic seawater due to its evident slimy appearance on agar plates. 29197057 9 2 theme optimal 1223:1229 arg1 conditions 1231:1240 optimal conditions 1223:1240 optimal conditions at different concentrations of mercury and cadmium 1223:1291 Monitoring EPS production under optimal conditions at different concentrations of mercury and cadmium revealed that EPS amounts increased at increasing heavy metal concentrations, indicating an adaptation to the stress conditions tested. 29197057 4 3 theme 3 555:555 arg1 % 556:556 % 556:556 % 556:556 The production of EPSs was enhanced by a step-by-step approach varying the carbon source, substrate and NaCl concentrations, temperature, and pH. Optimal conditions for the EPS production resulted at temperature of 4 °C and pH 7, with addition of 2% sucrose (w/v) and 3% NaCl (w/v). 29197057 3 4 theme slimy 254:258 arg1 appearance 260:269 its evident slimy appearance 242:269 its evident slimy appearance on agar plates 242:284 MER144 was selected among 606 isolates from Antarctic seawater due to its evident slimy appearance on agar plates. 29197057 7 5 theme EPS 967:969 arg1 production 971:980 the EPS production 963:980 the EPS production 963:980 The addition of sucrose in the culture medium, by stimulating the EPS production, allowed MER144 to tolerate higher concentrations of mercury and cadmium. 29197057 7 6 theme cadmium 1047:1053 arg1 concentrations 1017:1030 higher concentrations 1010:1030 higher concentrations of mercury and cadmium 1010:1053 The addition of sucrose in the culture medium, by stimulating the EPS production, allowed MER144 to tolerate higher concentrations of mercury and cadmium. 29197057 9 7 theme different 1245:1253 arg1 concentrations 1255:1268 different concentrations 1245:1268 different concentrations of mercury and cadmium 1245:1291 Monitoring EPS production under optimal conditions at different concentrations of mercury and cadmium revealed that EPS amounts increased at increasing heavy metal concentrations, indicating an adaptation to the stress conditions tested. 29197057 4 8 theme NaCl 558:561 arg1 addition 522:529 addition 522:529 addition of 2% sucrose (w/v) and 3% NaCl (w/v) 522:567 The production of EPSs was enhanced by a step-by-step approach varying the carbon source, substrate and NaCl concentrations, temperature, and pH. Optimal conditions for the EPS production resulted at temperature of 4 °C and pH 7, with addition of 2% sucrose (w/v) and 3% NaCl (w/v). 29197057 8 9 from groups 1136:1141 arg1 EPSs 1185:1188 the extracted EPSs 1171:1188 the extracted EPSs 1171:1188 This finding was probably dependent on the presence of uronic acids and sulfate groups, which can bind cations, in the extracted EPSs. 29197057 5 10 theme uronic 692:697 arg1 acids 699:703 uronic acids 692:703 uronic acids (14%) 692:709 EPSs produced under optimal conditions were chemically characterized, resulting in a moderate carbohydrate content (35%), uronic acids (14%), and proteins (12%). 29197057 5 10 theme uronic 692:697 arg1 % 708:708 14% 706:708 14% 706:708 EPSs produced under optimal conditions were chemically characterized, resulting in a moderate carbohydrate content (35%), uronic acids (14%), and proteins (12%). 29197057 9 11 theme EPS 1307:1309 arg1 amounts 1311:1317 EPS amounts 1307:1317 EPS amounts 1307:1317 Monitoring EPS production under optimal conditions at different concentrations of mercury and cadmium revealed that EPS amounts increased at increasing heavy metal concentrations, indicating an adaptation to the stress conditions tested. 29197057 4 12 theme % 556:556 arg1 w/v 564:566 w/v 564:566 w/v 564:566 The production of EPSs was enhanced by a step-by-step approach varying the carbon source, substrate and NaCl concentrations, temperature, and pH. Optimal conditions for the EPS production resulted at temperature of 4 °C and pH 7, with addition of 2% sucrose (w/v) and 3% NaCl (w/v). 29197057 4 12 theme % 556:556 arg1 NaCl 558:561 3% NaCl 555:561 3% NaCl (w/v) 555:567 The production of EPSs was enhanced by a step-by-step approach varying the carbon source, substrate and NaCl concentrations, temperature, and pH. Optimal conditions for the EPS production resulted at temperature of 4 °C and pH 7, with addition of 2% sucrose (w/v) and 3% NaCl (w/v). 29197057 7 13 theme mercury 1035:1041 arg1 concentrations 1017:1030 higher concentrations 1010:1030 higher concentrations of mercury and cadmium 1010:1053 The addition of sucrose in the culture medium, by stimulating the EPS production, allowed MER144 to tolerate higher concentrations of mercury and cadmium. 29197057 9 14 theme increasing 1332:1341 arg1 concentrations 1355:1368 increasing heavy metal concentrations 1332:1368 increasing heavy metal concentrations 1332:1368 Monitoring EPS production under optimal conditions at different concentrations of mercury and cadmium revealed that EPS amounts increased at increasing heavy metal concentrations, indicating an adaptation to the stress conditions tested. 29197057 3 15 theme agar 274:277 arg1 plates 279:284 agar plates 274:284 agar plates 274:284 MER144 was selected among 606 isolates from Antarctic seawater due to its evident slimy appearance on agar plates. 29197057 9 16 theme stress 1403:1408 arg1 conditions 1410:1419 the stress conditions 1399:1419 the stress conditions tested 1399:1426 Monitoring EPS production under optimal conditions at different concentrations of mercury and cadmium revealed that EPS amounts increased at increasing heavy metal concentrations, indicating an adaptation to the stress conditions tested. 29197057 4 17 theme EPSs 305:308 arg1 production 291:300 The production 287:300 The production of EPSs 287:308 The production of EPSs was enhanced by a step-by-step approach varying the carbon source, substrate and NaCl concentrations, temperature, and pH. Optimal conditions for the EPS production resulted at temperature of 4 °C and pH 7, with addition of 2% sucrose (w/v) and 3% NaCl (w/v). 29197057 9 18 theme mercury 1273:1279 arg1 concentrations 1255:1268 different concentrations 1245:1268 different concentrations of mercury and cadmium 1245:1291 Monitoring EPS production under optimal conditions at different concentrations of mercury and cadmium revealed that EPS amounts increased at increasing heavy metal concentrations, indicating an adaptation to the stress conditions tested. 29197057 4 19 theme 4 °C 502:505 arg1 temperature 487:497 temperature 487:497 temperature of 4 °C and pH 7 487:514 The production of EPSs was enhanced by a step-by-step approach varying the carbon source, substrate and NaCl concentrations, temperature, and pH. Optimal conditions for the EPS production resulted at temperature of 4 °C and pH 7, with addition of 2% sucrose (w/v) and 3% NaCl (w/v). 29197057 6 20 theme estimated 855:863 arg1 weight 875:880 the estimated molecular weight 851:880 the estimated molecular weight 851:880 Monosaccharide composition was estimated to be Glu:Man:GluN:Ara:GluA:GalA:Gal (1:0.36:0.26:0.06:0.06:0.05:0.03), while the estimated molecular weight was about 250 kDa. 29197057 6 20 theme estimated 855:863 arg1 250 kDa 892:898 250 kDa 892:898 250 kDa 892:898 Monosaccharide composition was estimated to be Glu:Man:GluN:Ara:GluA:GalA:Gal (1:0.36:0.26:0.06:0.06:0.05:0.03), while the estimated molecular weight was about 250 kDa. 29197057 8 21 theme extracted 1175:1183 arg1 EPSs 1185:1188 the extracted EPSs 1171:1188 the extracted EPSs 1171:1188 This finding was probably dependent on the presence of uronic acids and sulfate groups, which can bind cations, in the extracted EPSs. 29197057 9 22 theme EPS 1202:1204 arg1 production 1206:1215 EPS production 1202:1215 EPS production 1202:1215 Monitoring EPS production under optimal conditions at different concentrations of mercury and cadmium revealed that EPS amounts increased at increasing heavy metal concentrations, indicating an adaptation to the stress conditions tested. 29197057 0 23 theme polymeric 14:22 arg1 substances 24:33 Extracellular polymeric substances 0:33 Extracellular polymeric substances with metal adsorption capacity 0:64 Extracellular polymeric substances with metal adsorption capacity produced by Pseudoalteromonas sp. 29197057 7 24 theme culture 932:938 arg1 medium 940:945 the culture medium 928:945 the culture medium 928:945 The addition of sucrose in the culture medium, by stimulating the EPS production, allowed MER144 to tolerate higher concentrations of mercury and cadmium. 29197057 3 25 theme due 235:237 arg1 isolates 202:209 606 isolates 198:209 606 isolates from Antarctic seawater due to its evident slimy appearance on agar plates 198:284 MER144 was selected among 606 isolates from Antarctic seawater due to its evident slimy appearance on agar plates. 29197057 0 26 theme Extracellular 0:12 arg1 substances 24:33 Extracellular polymeric substances 0:33 Extracellular polymeric substances with metal adsorption capacity 0:64 Extracellular polymeric substances with metal adsorption capacity produced by Pseudoalteromonas sp. 29197057 3 27 from appearance 260:269 arg1 plates 279:284 agar plates 274:284 agar plates 274:284 MER144 was selected among 606 isolates from Antarctic seawater due to its evident slimy appearance on agar plates. 29197057 5 28 theme optimal 590:596 arg1 conditions 598:607 optimal conditions 590:607 optimal conditions 590:607 EPSs produced under optimal conditions were chemically characterized, resulting in a moderate carbohydrate content (35%), uronic acids (14%), and proteins (12%). 29197057 8 29 from acids 1118:1122 arg1 EPSs 1185:1188 the extracted EPSs 1171:1188 the extracted EPSs 1171:1188 This finding was probably dependent on the presence of uronic acids and sulfate groups, which can bind cations, in the extracted EPSs. 29197057 4 30 theme sucrose 537:543 arg1 addition 522:529 addition 522:529 addition of 2% sucrose (w/v) and 3% NaCl (w/v) 522:567 The production of EPSs was enhanced by a step-by-step approach varying the carbon source, substrate and NaCl concentrations, temperature, and pH. Optimal conditions for the EPS production resulted at temperature of 4 °C and pH 7, with addition of 2% sucrose (w/v) and 3% NaCl (w/v). 29197057 5 31 theme moderate 655:662 arg1 content 677:683 a moderate carbohydrate content 653:683 a moderate carbohydrate content (35%) 653:689 EPSs produced under optimal conditions were chemically characterized, resulting in a moderate carbohydrate content (35%), uronic acids (14%), and proteins (12%). 29197057 5 31 theme moderate 655:662 arg1 % 688:688 35% 686:688 35% 686:688 EPSs produced under optimal conditions were chemically characterized, resulting in a moderate carbohydrate content (35%), uronic acids (14%), and proteins (12%). 29197057 4 32 theme NaCl 391:394 arg1 concentrations 396:409 NaCl concentrations 391:409 NaCl concentrations 391:409 The production of EPSs was enhanced by a step-by-step approach varying the carbon source, substrate and NaCl concentrations, temperature, and pH. Optimal conditions for the EPS production resulted at temperature of 4 °C and pH 7, with addition of 2% sucrose (w/v) and 3% NaCl (w/v). 29197057 1 33 theme Antarctic 112:120 arg1 seawater 122:129 Antarctic seawater 112:129 Antarctic seawater 112:129 MER144 from Antarctic seawater. 29197057 8 34 theme uronic 1111:1116 arg1 acids 1118:1122 uronic acids 1111:1122 uronic acids 1111:1122 This finding was probably dependent on the presence of uronic acids and sulfate groups, which can bind cations, in the extracted EPSs. 29197057 7 35 theme higher 1010:1015 arg1 concentrations 1017:1030 higher concentrations 1010:1030 higher concentrations of mercury and cadmium 1010:1053 The addition of sucrose in the culture medium, by stimulating the EPS production, allowed MER144 to tolerate higher concentrations of mercury and cadmium. 29197057 5 36 theme carbohydrate 664:675 arg1 content 677:683 a moderate carbohydrate content 653:683 a moderate carbohydrate content (35%) 653:689 EPSs produced under optimal conditions were chemically characterized, resulting in a moderate carbohydrate content (35%), uronic acids (14%), and proteins (12%). 29197057 5 36 theme carbohydrate 664:675 arg1 % 688:688 35% 686:688 35% 686:688 EPSs produced under optimal conditions were chemically characterized, resulting in a moderate carbohydrate content (35%), uronic acids (14%), and proteins (12%). 29197057 4 37 theme EPS 460:462 arg1 production 464:473 the EPS production 456:473 the EPS production resulted at temperature of 4 °C and pH 7 456:514 The production of EPSs was enhanced by a step-by-step approach varying the carbon source, substrate and NaCl concentrations, temperature, and pH. Optimal conditions for the EPS production resulted at temperature of 4 °C and pH 7, with addition of 2% sucrose (w/v) and 3% NaCl (w/v). 29197057 0 38 theme adsorption 46:55 arg1 capacity 57:64 metal adsorption capacity 40:64 metal adsorption capacity 40:64 Extracellular polymeric substances with metal adsorption capacity produced by Pseudoalteromonas sp. 29197057 9 39 theme heavy 1343:1347 arg1 concentrations 1355:1368 increasing heavy metal concentrations 1332:1368 increasing heavy metal concentrations 1332:1368 Monitoring EPS production under optimal conditions at different concentrations of mercury and cadmium revealed that EPS amounts increased at increasing heavy metal concentrations, indicating an adaptation to the stress conditions tested. 29197057 0 40 theme metal 40:44 arg1 capacity 57:64 metal adsorption capacity 40:64 metal adsorption capacity 40:64 Extracellular polymeric substances with metal adsorption capacity produced by Pseudoalteromonas sp. 29197057 7 41 theme sucrose 917:923 arg1 addition 905:912 The addition 901:912 The addition of sucrose in the culture medium 901:945 The addition of sucrose in the culture medium, by stimulating the EPS production, allowed MER144 to tolerate higher concentrations of mercury and cadmium. 29197057 4 42 theme carbon 362:367 arg1 source 369:374 the carbon source 358:374 the carbon source 358:374 The production of EPSs was enhanced by a step-by-step approach varying the carbon source, substrate and NaCl concentrations, temperature, and pH. Optimal conditions for the EPS production resulted at temperature of 4 °C and pH 7, with addition of 2% sucrose (w/v) and 3% NaCl (w/v). 29197057 8 43 theme acids 1118:1122 arg1 presence 1099:1106 the presence 1095:1106 the presence of uronic acids and sulfate groups, which can bind cations, in the extracted EPSs 1095:1188 This finding was probably dependent on the presence of uronic acids and sulfate groups, which can bind cations, in the extracted EPSs. 29197057 7 44 from medium 940:945 arg1 addition 905:912 The addition 901:912 The addition of sucrose in the culture medium 901:945 The addition of sucrose in the culture medium, by stimulating the EPS production, allowed MER144 to tolerate higher concentrations of mercury and cadmium. 29197057 0 45 with substances 24:33 arg1 capacity 57:64 metal adsorption capacity 40:64 metal adsorption capacity 40:64 Extracellular polymeric substances with metal adsorption capacity produced by Pseudoalteromonas sp. 29197057 8 46 theme groups 1136:1141 arg1 presence 1099:1106 the presence 1095:1106 the presence of uronic acids and sulfate groups, which can bind cations, in the extracted EPSs 1095:1188 This finding was probably dependent on the presence of uronic acids and sulfate groups, which can bind cations, in the extracted EPSs. 29197057 9 47 from concentrations 1255:1268 arg1 conditions 1231:1240 optimal conditions 1223:1240 optimal conditions at different concentrations of mercury and cadmium 1223:1291 Monitoring EPS production under optimal conditions at different concentrations of mercury and cadmium revealed that EPS amounts increased at increasing heavy metal concentrations, indicating an adaptation to the stress conditions tested. 29197057 4 48 theme % 535:535 arg1 w/v 546:548 w/v 546:548 w/v 546:548 The production of EPSs was enhanced by a step-by-step approach varying the carbon source, substrate and NaCl concentrations, temperature, and pH. Optimal conditions for the EPS production resulted at temperature of 4 °C and pH 7, with addition of 2% sucrose (w/v) and 3% NaCl (w/v). 29197057 4 48 theme % 535:535 arg1 sucrose 537:543 2% sucrose 534:543 2% sucrose (w/v) 534:549 The production of EPSs was enhanced by a step-by-step approach varying the carbon source, substrate and NaCl concentrations, temperature, and pH. Optimal conditions for the EPS production resulted at temperature of 4 °C and pH 7, with addition of 2% sucrose (w/v) and 3% NaCl (w/v). 29197057 4 49 theme pH 7 511:514 arg1 temperature 487:497 temperature 487:497 temperature of 4 °C and pH 7 487:514 The production of EPSs was enhanced by a step-by-step approach varying the carbon source, substrate and NaCl concentrations, temperature, and pH. Optimal conditions for the EPS production resulted at temperature of 4 °C and pH 7, with addition of 2% sucrose (w/v) and 3% NaCl (w/v). 29197057 4 50 theme Optimal 433:439 arg1 conditions 441:450 pH. Optimal conditions 429:450 pH. Optimal conditions 429:450 The production of EPSs was enhanced by a step-by-step approach varying the carbon source, substrate and NaCl concentrations, temperature, and pH. Optimal conditions for the EPS production resulted at temperature of 4 °C and pH 7, with addition of 2% sucrose (w/v) and 3% NaCl (w/v). 29197057 6 51 theme Monosaccharide 732:745 arg1 composition 747:757 Monosaccharide composition 732:757 Monosaccharide composition 732:757 Monosaccharide composition was estimated to be Glu:Man:GluN:Ara:GluA:GalA:Gal (1:0.36:0.26:0.06:0.06:0.05:0.03), while the estimated molecular weight was about 250 kDa. 29197057 8 52 theme sulfate 1128:1134 arg1 groups 1136:1141 sulfate groups 1128:1141 sulfate groups 1128:1141 This finding was probably dependent on the presence of uronic acids and sulfate groups, which can bind cations, in the extracted EPSs. 29197057 8 53 from EPSs 1185:1188 arg1 presence 1099:1106 the presence 1095:1106 the presence of uronic acids and sulfate groups, which can bind cations, in the extracted EPSs 1095:1188 This finding was probably dependent on the presence of uronic acids and sulfate groups, which can bind cations, in the extracted EPSs. 29197057 4 54 theme 2 534:534 arg1 % 535:535 % 535:535 % 535:535 The production of EPSs was enhanced by a step-by-step approach varying the carbon source, substrate and NaCl concentrations, temperature, and pH. Optimal conditions for the EPS production resulted at temperature of 4 °C and pH 7, with addition of 2% sucrose (w/v) and 3% NaCl (w/v). 29197057 4 55 theme pH. 429:431 arg1 conditions 441:450 pH. Optimal conditions 429:450 pH. Optimal conditions 429:450 The production of EPSs was enhanced by a step-by-step approach varying the carbon source, substrate and NaCl concentrations, temperature, and pH. Optimal conditions for the EPS production resulted at temperature of 4 °C and pH 7, with addition of 2% sucrose (w/v) and 3% NaCl (w/v). 29197057 3 56 from seawater 226:233 arg1 isolates 202:209 606 isolates 198:209 606 isolates from Antarctic seawater due to its evident slimy appearance on agar plates 198:284 MER144 was selected among 606 isolates from Antarctic seawater due to its evident slimy appearance on agar plates. 29197057 1 57 from seawater 122:129 arg1 MER144 100:105 MER144 100:105 MER144 from Antarctic seawater. 100:130 MER144 from Antarctic seawater. 29197057 8 58 from presence 1099:1106 arg1 EPSs 1185:1188 the extracted EPSs 1171:1188 the extracted EPSs 1171:1188 This finding was probably dependent on the presence of uronic acids and sulfate groups, which can bind cations, in the extracted EPSs. 29197057 4 59 theme step-by-step 328:339 arg1 approach 341:348 a step-by-step approach 326:348 a step-by-step approach varying the carbon source, substrate and NaCl concentrations, temperature, and pH. Optimal conditions for the EPS production resulted at temperature of 4 °C and pH 7 326:514 The production of EPSs was enhanced by a step-by-step approach varying the carbon source, substrate and NaCl concentrations, temperature, and pH. Optimal conditions for the EPS production resulted at temperature of 4 °C and pH 7, with addition of 2% sucrose (w/v) and 3% NaCl (w/v). 29197057 6 60 dep Glu 779:781 arg1 Ara 792:794 Ara 792:794 Ara 792:794 Monosaccharide composition was estimated to be Glu:Man:GluN:Ara:GluA:GalA:Gal (1:0.36:0.26:0.06:0.06:0.05:0.03), while the estimated molecular weight was about 250 kDa. 29197057 6 60 dep Glu 779:781 arg1 Gal 806:808 Gal 806:808 Gal 806:808 Monosaccharide composition was estimated to be Glu:Man:GluN:Ara:GluA:GalA:Gal (1:0.36:0.26:0.06:0.06:0.05:0.03), while the estimated molecular weight was about 250 kDa. 29197057 6 60 dep Glu 779:781 arg1 1:0.36:0.26:0.06:0.06:0.05:0.03 811:841 1:0.36:0.26:0.06:0.06:0.05:0.03 811:841 1:0.36:0.26:0.06:0.06:0.05:0.03 811:841 Monosaccharide composition was estimated to be Glu:Man:GluN:Ara:GluA:GalA:Gal (1:0.36:0.26:0.06:0.06:0.05:0.03), while the estimated molecular weight was about 250 kDa. 29197057 6 60 dep Glu 779:781 arg1 Man 783:785 Man 783:785 Glu:Man:GluN:Ara:GluA:GalA:Gal (1:0.36:0.26:0.06:0.06:0.05:0.03) 779:842 Monosaccharide composition was estimated to be Glu:Man:GluN:Ara:GluA:GalA:Gal (1:0.36:0.26:0.06:0.06:0.05:0.03), while the estimated molecular weight was about 250 kDa. 29197057 6 60 dep Glu 779:781 arg1 GluA 796:799 GluA 796:799 GluA 796:799 Monosaccharide composition was estimated to be Glu:Man:GluN:Ara:GluA:GalA:Gal (1:0.36:0.26:0.06:0.06:0.05:0.03), while the estimated molecular weight was about 250 kDa. 29197057 6 60 dep Glu 779:781 arg1 GalA 801:804 GalA 801:804 Glu:Man:GluN:Ara:GluA:GalA:Gal (1:0.36:0.26:0.06:0.06:0.05:0.03) 779:842 Monosaccharide composition was estimated to be Glu:Man:GluN:Ara:GluA:GalA:Gal (1:0.36:0.26:0.06:0.06:0.05:0.03), while the estimated molecular weight was about 250 kDa. 29197057 6 60 dep Glu 779:781 arg1 GluN 787:790 GluN 787:790 GluN 787:790 Monosaccharide composition was estimated to be Glu:Man:GluN:Ara:GluA:GalA:Gal (1:0.36:0.26:0.06:0.06:0.05:0.03), while the estimated molecular weight was about 250 kDa. 29197057 0 61 theme Pseudoalteromonas 78:94 arg1 sp 96:97 Pseudoalteromonas sp 78:97 Pseudoalteromonas sp 78:97 Extracellular polymeric substances with metal adsorption capacity produced by Pseudoalteromonas sp. 29197057 7 62 from sucrose 917:923 arg1 medium 940:945 the culture medium 928:945 the culture medium 928:945 The addition of sucrose in the culture medium, by stimulating the EPS production, allowed MER144 to tolerate higher concentrations of mercury and cadmium. 29197057 3 63 theme Antarctic 216:224 arg1 seawater 226:233 Antarctic seawater 216:233 Antarctic seawater 216:233 MER144 was selected among 606 isolates from Antarctic seawater due to its evident slimy appearance on agar plates. 29197057 9 64 theme cadmium 1285:1291 arg1 concentrations 1255:1268 different concentrations 1245:1268 different concentrations of mercury and cadmium 1245:1291 Monitoring EPS production under optimal conditions at different concentrations of mercury and cadmium revealed that EPS amounts increased at increasing heavy metal concentrations, indicating an adaptation to the stress conditions tested. 29197057 9 65 theme metal 1349:1353 arg1 concentrations 1355:1368 increasing heavy metal concentrations 1332:1368 increasing heavy metal concentrations 1332:1368 Monitoring EPS production under optimal conditions at different concentrations of mercury and cadmium revealed that EPS amounts increased at increasing heavy metal concentrations, indicating an adaptation to the stress conditions tested. 29197057 2 66 theme Pseudoalteromonas 150:166 arg1 sp 168:169 The EPS-producing Pseudoalteromonas sp 132:169 The EPS-producing Pseudoalteromonas sp. 132:170 The EPS-producing Pseudoalteromonas sp. 29197057 7 67 from addition 905:912 arg1 medium 940:945 the culture medium 928:945 the culture medium 928:945 The addition of sucrose in the culture medium, by stimulating the EPS production, allowed MER144 to tolerate higher concentrations of mercury and cadmium. 29197057 6 68 theme molecular 865:873 arg1 weight 875:880 the estimated molecular weight 851:880 the estimated molecular weight 851:880 Monosaccharide composition was estimated to be Glu:Man:GluN:Ara:GluA:GalA:Gal (1:0.36:0.26:0.06:0.06:0.05:0.03), while the estimated molecular weight was about 250 kDa. 29197057 6 68 theme molecular 865:873 arg1 250 kDa 892:898 250 kDa 892:898 250 kDa 892:898 Monosaccharide composition was estimated to be Glu:Man:GluN:Ara:GluA:GalA:Gal (1:0.36:0.26:0.06:0.06:0.05:0.03), while the estimated molecular weight was about 250 kDa. 26794768 3 0 theme molar 634:638 arg1 ratio 640:644 The molar ratio 630:644 The molar ratio GTMAC/Ch 630:653 The molar ratio GTMAC/Ch was the most important factor affecting the response variables and RSM results showed that highly substituted QCh (DQ = 71.1%) was produced at high yield (164%) when the reaction was carried out for 30min. 26794768 2 1 theme temperature 519:529 arg1 effects 468:474 the effects 464:474 the effects of molar ratio GTMAC/Ch, reaction time and temperature on the reaction yield, average degree of quaternization (DQ) and intrinsic viscosity ([η]) of QCh 464:627 Full-factorial 2(3) central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to evaluate the effects of molar ratio GTMAC/Ch, reaction time and temperature on the reaction yield, average degree of quaternization (DQ) and intrinsic viscosity ([η]) of QCh. 26794768 0 2 theme synthesis 76:84 arg1 study 44:48 the study 40:48 the study of the microwave-assisted synthesis of quaternized chitosan 40:108 Response surface methodology applied to the study of the microwave-assisted synthesis of quaternized chitosan. 26794768 1 3 theme glycidyltrimethylammonium 250:274 arg1 GTMAC 286:290 GTMAC 286:290 GTMAC 286:290 A quaternized derivative of chitosan, namely N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (QCh), was synthesized by reacting glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) and chitosan (Ch) in acid medium under microwave irradiation. 26794768 1 3 theme glycidyltrimethylammonium 250:274 arg1 chloride 276:283 glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride 250:283 glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) 250:291 A quaternized derivative of chitosan, namely N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (QCh), was synthesized by reacting glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) and chitosan (Ch) in acid medium under microwave irradiation. 26794768 0 4 theme chitosan 101:108 arg1 synthesis 76:84 the microwave-assisted synthesis 53:84 the microwave-assisted synthesis of quaternized chitosan 53:108 Response surface methodology applied to the study of the microwave-assisted synthesis of quaternized chitosan. 26794768 1 5 theme microwave 332:340 arg1 irradiation 342:352 microwave irradiation 332:352 microwave irradiation 332:352 A quaternized derivative of chitosan, namely N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (QCh), was synthesized by reacting glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) and chitosan (Ch) in acid medium under microwave irradiation. 26794768 2 6 theme average 554:560 arg1 degree 562:567 average degree 554:567 average degree of quaternization (DQ) 554:590 Full-factorial 2(3) central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to evaluate the effects of molar ratio GTMAC/Ch, reaction time and temperature on the reaction yield, average degree of quaternization (DQ) and intrinsic viscosity ([η]) of QCh. 26794768 0 7 theme quaternized 89:99 arg1 chitosan 101:108 quaternized chitosan 89:108 quaternized chitosan 89:108 Response surface methodology applied to the study of the microwave-assisted synthesis of quaternized chitosan. 26794768 4 8 theme GTMAC/Ch 890:897 arg1 ratio 884:888 molar ratio 878:888 molar ratio GTMAC/Ch 6/1 878:901 at 85°C by using molar ratio GTMAC/Ch 6/1. 26794768 2 9 theme intrinsic 596:604 arg1 viscosity 606:614 intrinsic viscosity 596:614 intrinsic viscosity ([η]) 596:620 Full-factorial 2(3) central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to evaluate the effects of molar ratio GTMAC/Ch, reaction time and temperature on the reaction yield, average degree of quaternization (DQ) and intrinsic viscosity ([η]) of QCh. 26794768 2 9 theme intrinsic 596:604 arg1 [η 617:618 [η 617:618 [η 617:618 Full-factorial 2(3) central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to evaluate the effects of molar ratio GTMAC/Ch, reaction time and temperature on the reaction yield, average degree of quaternization (DQ) and intrinsic viscosity ([η]) of QCh. 26794768 3 10 theme substituted 753:763 arg1 % 779:779 DQ = 71.1% 770:779 DQ = 71.1% 770:779 The molar ratio GTMAC/Ch was the most important factor affecting the response variables and RSM results showed that highly substituted QCh (DQ = 71.1%) was produced at high yield (164%) when the reaction was carried out for 30min. 26794768 3 10 theme substituted 753:763 arg1 QCh 765:767 highly substituted QCh 746:767 highly substituted QCh (DQ = 71.1%) 746:780 The molar ratio GTMAC/Ch was the most important factor affecting the response variables and RSM results showed that highly substituted QCh (DQ = 71.1%) was produced at high yield (164%) when the reaction was carried out for 30min. 26794768 2 11 theme ratio 485:489 arg1 GTMAC/Ch 491:498 molar ratio GTMAC/Ch 479:498 molar ratio GTMAC/Ch 479:498 Full-factorial 2(3) central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to evaluate the effects of molar ratio GTMAC/Ch, reaction time and temperature on the reaction yield, average degree of quaternization (DQ) and intrinsic viscosity ([η]) of QCh. 26794768 6 12 theme conventional 993:1004 arg1 >4h 1027:1029 >4h 1027:1029 >4h 1027:1029 as compared to conventional reaction procedures (>4h) carried out in similar conditions except for the use of microwave irradiation. 26794768 6 12 theme conventional 993:1004 arg1 procedures 1015:1024 conventional reaction procedures 993:1024 conventional reaction procedures (>4h) 993:1030 as compared to conventional reaction procedures (>4h) carried out in similar conditions except for the use of microwave irradiation. 26794768 2 13 theme central 375:381 arg1 design 393:398 2(3) central composite design 370:398 2(3) central composite design 370:398 Full-factorial 2(3) central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to evaluate the effects of molar ratio GTMAC/Ch, reaction time and temperature on the reaction yield, average degree of quaternization (DQ) and intrinsic viscosity ([η]) of QCh. 26794768 2 13 theme central 375:381 arg1 RSM 434:436 RSM 434:436 RSM 434:436 Full-factorial 2(3) central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to evaluate the effects of molar ratio GTMAC/Ch, reaction time and temperature on the reaction yield, average degree of quaternization (DQ) and intrinsic viscosity ([η]) of QCh. 26794768 2 14 theme molar 479:483 arg1 ratio 485:489 molar ratio 479:489 molar ratio GTMAC/Ch 479:498 Full-factorial 2(3) central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to evaluate the effects of molar ratio GTMAC/Ch, reaction time and temperature on the reaction yield, average degree of quaternization (DQ) and intrinsic viscosity ([η]) of QCh. 26794768 3 15 theme ratio 640:644 arg1 factor 678:683 the most important factor 659:683 the most important factor affecting the response variables 659:716 The molar ratio GTMAC/Ch was the most important factor affecting the response variables and RSM results showed that highly substituted QCh (DQ = 71.1%) was produced at high yield (164%) when the reaction was carried out for 30min. 26794768 3 15 theme ratio 640:644 arg1 GTMAC/Ch 646:653 The molar ratio GTMAC/Ch 630:653 The molar ratio GTMAC/Ch 630:653 The molar ratio GTMAC/Ch was the most important factor affecting the response variables and RSM results showed that highly substituted QCh (DQ = 71.1%) was produced at high yield (164%) when the reaction was carried out for 30min. 26794768 1 16 from chitosan 297:304 arg1 medium 319:324 acid medium 314:324 acid medium 314:324 A quaternized derivative of chitosan, namely N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (QCh), was synthesized by reacting glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) and chitosan (Ch) in acid medium under microwave irradiation. 26794768 3 17 theme high 798:801 arg1 yield 803:807 high yield 798:807 high yield (164%) 798:814 The molar ratio GTMAC/Ch was the most important factor affecting the response variables and RSM results showed that highly substituted QCh (DQ = 71.1%) was produced at high yield (164%) when the reaction was carried out for 30min. 26794768 3 17 theme high 798:801 arg1 % 813:813 164% 810:813 164% 810:813 The molar ratio GTMAC/Ch was the most important factor affecting the response variables and RSM results showed that highly substituted QCh (DQ = 71.1%) was produced at high yield (164%) when the reaction was carried out for 30min. 26794768 0 18 theme surface 9:15 arg1 methodology 17:27 Response surface methodology 0:27 Response surface methodology 0:27 Response surface methodology applied to the study of the microwave-assisted synthesis of quaternized chitosan. 26794768 4 19 dep GTMAC/Ch 890:897 arg1 6/1 899:901 6/1 899:901 6/1 899:901 at 85°C by using molar ratio GTMAC/Ch 6/1. 26794768 1 20 theme -propyl-3-trimethylammonium 169:195 arg1 QCh 216:218 QCh 216:218 QCh 216:218 A quaternized derivative of chitosan, namely N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (QCh), was synthesized by reacting glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) and chitosan (Ch) in acid medium under microwave irradiation. 26794768 1 20 theme -propyl-3-trimethylammonium 169:195 arg1 derivative 125:134 A quaternized derivative 111:134 A quaternized derivative of chitosan 111:146 A quaternized derivative of chitosan, namely N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (QCh), was synthesized by reacting glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) and chitosan (Ch) in acid medium under microwave irradiation. 26794768 1 20 theme -propyl-3-trimethylammonium 169:195 arg1 chloride 206:213 N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride 156:213 namely N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (QCh) 149:219 A quaternized derivative of chitosan, namely N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (QCh), was synthesized by reacting glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) and chitosan (Ch) in acid medium under microwave irradiation. 26794768 0 21 theme Response 0:7 arg1 methodology 17:27 Response surface methodology 0:27 Response surface methodology 0:27 Response surface methodology applied to the study of the microwave-assisted synthesis of quaternized chitosan. 26794768 2 22 theme quaternization 572:585 arg1 viscosity 606:614 intrinsic viscosity 596:614 intrinsic viscosity ([η]) 596:620 Full-factorial 2(3) central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to evaluate the effects of molar ratio GTMAC/Ch, reaction time and temperature on the reaction yield, average degree of quaternization (DQ) and intrinsic viscosity ([η]) of QCh. 26794768 2 22 theme quaternization 572:585 arg1 degree 562:567 average degree 554:567 average degree of quaternization (DQ) 554:590 Full-factorial 2(3) central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to evaluate the effects of molar ratio GTMAC/Ch, reaction time and temperature on the reaction yield, average degree of quaternization (DQ) and intrinsic viscosity ([η]) of QCh. 26794768 2 22 theme quaternization 572:585 arg1 [η 617:618 [η 617:618 [η 617:618 Full-factorial 2(3) central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to evaluate the effects of molar ratio GTMAC/Ch, reaction time and temperature on the reaction yield, average degree of quaternization (DQ) and intrinsic viscosity ([η]) of QCh. 26794768 2 22 theme quaternization 572:585 arg1 yield 547:551 the reaction yield 534:551 the reaction yield 534:551 Full-factorial 2(3) central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to evaluate the effects of molar ratio GTMAC/Ch, reaction time and temperature on the reaction yield, average degree of quaternization (DQ) and intrinsic viscosity ([η]) of QCh. 26794768 1 23 theme chitosan 197:204 arg1 QCh 216:218 QCh 216:218 QCh 216:218 A quaternized derivative of chitosan, namely N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (QCh), was synthesized by reacting glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) and chitosan (Ch) in acid medium under microwave irradiation. 26794768 1 23 theme chitosan 197:204 arg1 derivative 125:134 A quaternized derivative 111:134 A quaternized derivative of chitosan 111:146 A quaternized derivative of chitosan, namely N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (QCh), was synthesized by reacting glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) and chitosan (Ch) in acid medium under microwave irradiation. 26794768 1 23 theme chitosan 197:204 arg1 chloride 206:213 N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride 156:213 namely N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (QCh) 149:219 A quaternized derivative of chitosan, namely N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (QCh), was synthesized by reacting glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) and chitosan (Ch) in acid medium under microwave irradiation. 26794768 1 24 from chloride 276:283 arg1 medium 319:324 acid medium 314:324 acid medium 314:324 A quaternized derivative of chitosan, namely N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (QCh), was synthesized by reacting glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) and chitosan (Ch) in acid medium under microwave irradiation. 26794768 2 25 theme response 404:411 arg1 methodology 421:431 response surface methodology 404:431 response surface methodology 404:431 Full-factorial 2(3) central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to evaluate the effects of molar ratio GTMAC/Ch, reaction time and temperature on the reaction yield, average degree of quaternization (DQ) and intrinsic viscosity ([η]) of QCh. 26794768 2 26 theme surface 413:419 arg1 methodology 421:431 response surface methodology 404:431 response surface methodology 404:431 Full-factorial 2(3) central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to evaluate the effects of molar ratio GTMAC/Ch, reaction time and temperature on the reaction yield, average degree of quaternization (DQ) and intrinsic viscosity ([η]) of QCh. 26794768 6 27 theme reaction 1006:1013 arg1 >4h 1027:1029 >4h 1027:1029 >4h 1027:1029 as compared to conventional reaction procedures (>4h) carried out in similar conditions except for the use of microwave irradiation. 26794768 6 27 theme reaction 1006:1013 arg1 procedures 1015:1024 conventional reaction procedures 993:1024 conventional reaction procedures (>4h) 993:1030 as compared to conventional reaction procedures (>4h) carried out in similar conditions except for the use of microwave irradiation. 26794768 3 28 theme important 668:676 arg1 factor 678:683 the most important factor 659:683 the most important factor affecting the response variables 659:716 The molar ratio GTMAC/Ch was the most important factor affecting the response variables and RSM results showed that highly substituted QCh (DQ = 71.1%) was produced at high yield (164%) when the reaction was carried out for 30min. 26794768 3 28 theme important 668:676 arg1 GTMAC/Ch 646:653 The molar ratio GTMAC/Ch 630:653 The molar ratio GTMAC/Ch 630:653 The molar ratio GTMAC/Ch was the most important factor affecting the response variables and RSM results showed that highly substituted QCh (DQ = 71.1%) was produced at high yield (164%) when the reaction was carried out for 30min. 26794768 2 29 theme time 510:513 arg1 effects 468:474 the effects 464:474 the effects of molar ratio GTMAC/Ch, reaction time and temperature on the reaction yield, average degree of quaternization (DQ) and intrinsic viscosity ([η]) of QCh 464:627 Full-factorial 2(3) central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to evaluate the effects of molar ratio GTMAC/Ch, reaction time and temperature on the reaction yield, average degree of quaternization (DQ) and intrinsic viscosity ([η]) of QCh. 26794768 6 30 theme microwave 1088:1096 arg1 irradiation 1098:1108 microwave irradiation 1088:1108 microwave irradiation 1088:1108 as compared to conventional reaction procedures (>4h) carried out in similar conditions except for the use of microwave irradiation. 26794768 6 31 theme similar 1047:1053 arg1 conditions 1055:1064 similar conditions 1047:1064 similar conditions 1047:1064 as compared to conventional reaction procedures (>4h) carried out in similar conditions except for the use of microwave irradiation. 26794768 2 32 theme reaction 501:508 arg1 time 510:513 reaction time 501:513 reaction time 501:513 Full-factorial 2(3) central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to evaluate the effects of molar ratio GTMAC/Ch, reaction time and temperature on the reaction yield, average degree of quaternization (DQ) and intrinsic viscosity ([η]) of QCh. 26794768 2 33 theme composite 383:391 arg1 design 393:398 2(3) central composite design 370:398 2(3) central composite design 370:398 Full-factorial 2(3) central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to evaluate the effects of molar ratio GTMAC/Ch, reaction time and temperature on the reaction yield, average degree of quaternization (DQ) and intrinsic viscosity ([η]) of QCh. 26794768 2 33 theme composite 383:391 arg1 RSM 434:436 RSM 434:436 RSM 434:436 Full-factorial 2(3) central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to evaluate the effects of molar ratio GTMAC/Ch, reaction time and temperature on the reaction yield, average degree of quaternization (DQ) and intrinsic viscosity ([η]) of QCh. 26794768 4 34 theme molar 878:882 arg1 ratio 884:888 molar ratio 878:888 molar ratio GTMAC/Ch 6/1 878:901 at 85°C by using molar ratio GTMAC/Ch 6/1. 26794768 2 35 from effects 468:474 arg1 degree 562:567 average degree 554:567 average degree of quaternization (DQ) 554:590 Full-factorial 2(3) central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to evaluate the effects of molar ratio GTMAC/Ch, reaction time and temperature on the reaction yield, average degree of quaternization (DQ) and intrinsic viscosity ([η]) of QCh. 26794768 2 35 from effects 468:474 arg1 viscosity 606:614 intrinsic viscosity 596:614 intrinsic viscosity ([η]) 596:620 Full-factorial 2(3) central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to evaluate the effects of molar ratio GTMAC/Ch, reaction time and temperature on the reaction yield, average degree of quaternization (DQ) and intrinsic viscosity ([η]) of QCh. 26794768 2 35 from effects 468:474 arg1 [η 617:618 [η 617:618 [η 617:618 Full-factorial 2(3) central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to evaluate the effects of molar ratio GTMAC/Ch, reaction time and temperature on the reaction yield, average degree of quaternization (DQ) and intrinsic viscosity ([η]) of QCh. 26794768 2 35 from effects 468:474 arg1 yield 547:551 the reaction yield 534:551 the reaction yield 534:551 Full-factorial 2(3) central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to evaluate the effects of molar ratio GTMAC/Ch, reaction time and temperature on the reaction yield, average degree of quaternization (DQ) and intrinsic viscosity ([η]) of QCh. 26794768 1 36 theme quaternized 113:123 arg1 derivative 125:134 A quaternized derivative 111:134 A quaternized derivative of chitosan 111:146 A quaternized derivative of chitosan, namely N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (QCh), was synthesized by reacting glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) and chitosan (Ch) in acid medium under microwave irradiation. 26794768 1 36 theme quaternized 113:123 arg1 chloride 206:213 N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride 156:213 namely N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (QCh) 149:219 A quaternized derivative of chitosan, namely N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (QCh), was synthesized by reacting glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) and chitosan (Ch) in acid medium under microwave irradiation. 26794768 2 37 theme reaction 538:545 arg1 yield 547:551 the reaction yield 534:551 the reaction yield 534:551 Full-factorial 2(3) central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to evaluate the effects of molar ratio GTMAC/Ch, reaction time and temperature on the reaction yield, average degree of quaternization (DQ) and intrinsic viscosity ([η]) of QCh. 26794768 3 38 theme response 699:706 arg1 variables 708:716 the response variables 695:716 the response variables 695:716 The molar ratio GTMAC/Ch was the most important factor affecting the response variables and RSM results showed that highly substituted QCh (DQ = 71.1%) was produced at high yield (164%) when the reaction was carried out for 30min. 26794768 2 39 theme QCh 625:627 arg1 viscosity 606:614 intrinsic viscosity 596:614 intrinsic viscosity ([η]) 596:620 Full-factorial 2(3) central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to evaluate the effects of molar ratio GTMAC/Ch, reaction time and temperature on the reaction yield, average degree of quaternization (DQ) and intrinsic viscosity ([η]) of QCh. 26794768 2 39 theme QCh 625:627 arg1 degree 562:567 average degree 554:567 average degree of quaternization (DQ) 554:590 Full-factorial 2(3) central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to evaluate the effects of molar ratio GTMAC/Ch, reaction time and temperature on the reaction yield, average degree of quaternization (DQ) and intrinsic viscosity ([η]) of QCh. 26794768 2 39 theme QCh 625:627 arg1 [η 617:618 [η 617:618 [η 617:618 Full-factorial 2(3) central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to evaluate the effects of molar ratio GTMAC/Ch, reaction time and temperature on the reaction yield, average degree of quaternization (DQ) and intrinsic viscosity ([η]) of QCh. 26794768 2 39 theme QCh 625:627 arg1 yield 547:551 the reaction yield 534:551 the reaction yield 534:551 Full-factorial 2(3) central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to evaluate the effects of molar ratio GTMAC/Ch, reaction time and temperature on the reaction yield, average degree of quaternization (DQ) and intrinsic viscosity ([η]) of QCh. 26794768 1 40 theme chitosan 139:146 arg1 derivative 125:134 A quaternized derivative 111:134 A quaternized derivative of chitosan 111:146 A quaternized derivative of chitosan, namely N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (QCh), was synthesized by reacting glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) and chitosan (Ch) in acid medium under microwave irradiation. 26794768 1 40 theme chitosan 139:146 arg1 chloride 206:213 N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride 156:213 namely N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (QCh) 149:219 A quaternized derivative of chitosan, namely N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (QCh), was synthesized by reacting glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) and chitosan (Ch) in acid medium under microwave irradiation. 26794768 3 41 theme DQ 770:771 arg1 % 779:779 DQ = 71.1% 770:779 DQ = 71.1% 770:779 The molar ratio GTMAC/Ch was the most important factor affecting the response variables and RSM results showed that highly substituted QCh (DQ = 71.1%) was produced at high yield (164%) when the reaction was carried out for 30min. 26794768 3 41 theme DQ 770:771 arg1 QCh 765:767 highly substituted QCh 746:767 highly substituted QCh (DQ = 71.1%) 746:780 The molar ratio GTMAC/Ch was the most important factor affecting the response variables and RSM results showed that highly substituted QCh (DQ = 71.1%) was produced at high yield (164%) when the reaction was carried out for 30min. 26794768 5 42 dep faster 961:966 arg1 ≤30min 969:974 ≤30min 969:974 ≤30min. 969:975 Results showed that microwave-assisted synthesis is much faster (≤30min.) 26794768 0 43 theme microwave-assisted 57:74 arg1 synthesis 76:84 the microwave-assisted synthesis 53:84 the microwave-assisted synthesis of quaternized chitosan 53:108 Response surface methodology applied to the study of the microwave-assisted synthesis of quaternized chitosan. 26794768 5 44 theme microwave-assisted 924:941 arg1 synthesis 943:951 microwave-assisted synthesis 924:951 microwave-assisted synthesis 924:951 Results showed that microwave-assisted synthesis is much faster (≤30min.) 26794768 3 45 theme = 773:773 arg1 % 779:779 DQ = 71.1% 770:779 DQ = 71.1% 770:779 The molar ratio GTMAC/Ch was the most important factor affecting the response variables and RSM results showed that highly substituted QCh (DQ = 71.1%) was produced at high yield (164%) when the reaction was carried out for 30min. 26794768 3 45 theme = 773:773 arg1 QCh 765:767 highly substituted QCh 746:767 highly substituted QCh (DQ = 71.1%) 746:780 The molar ratio GTMAC/Ch was the most important factor affecting the response variables and RSM results showed that highly substituted QCh (DQ = 71.1%) was produced at high yield (164%) when the reaction was carried out for 30min. 26794768 3 46 theme RSM 722:724 arg1 results 726:732 RSM results 722:732 RSM results 722:732 The molar ratio GTMAC/Ch was the most important factor affecting the response variables and RSM results showed that highly substituted QCh (DQ = 71.1%) was produced at high yield (164%) when the reaction was carried out for 30min. 26794768 1 47 theme acid 314:317 arg1 medium 319:324 acid medium 314:324 acid medium 314:324 A quaternized derivative of chitosan, namely N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (QCh), was synthesized by reacting glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) and chitosan (Ch) in acid medium under microwave irradiation. 26794768 6 48 theme irradiation 1098:1108 arg1 use 1081:1083 the use 1077:1083 the use of microwave irradiation 1077:1108 as compared to conventional reaction procedures (>4h) carried out in similar conditions except for the use of microwave irradiation. 26794768 2 49 theme Full-factorial 355:368 arg1 design 393:398 2(3) central composite design 370:398 2(3) central composite design 370:398 Full-factorial 2(3) central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to evaluate the effects of molar ratio GTMAC/Ch, reaction time and temperature on the reaction yield, average degree of quaternization (DQ) and intrinsic viscosity ([η]) of QCh. 26794768 2 49 theme Full-factorial 355:368 arg1 RSM 434:436 RSM 434:436 RSM 434:436 Full-factorial 2(3) central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to evaluate the effects of molar ratio GTMAC/Ch, reaction time and temperature on the reaction yield, average degree of quaternization (DQ) and intrinsic viscosity ([η]) of QCh. 26794768 2 50 theme GTMAC/Ch 491:498 arg1 effects 468:474 the effects 464:474 the effects of molar ratio GTMAC/Ch, reaction time and temperature on the reaction yield, average degree of quaternization (DQ) and intrinsic viscosity ([η]) of QCh 464:627 Full-factorial 2(3) central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to evaluate the effects of molar ratio GTMAC/Ch, reaction time and temperature on the reaction yield, average degree of quaternization (DQ) and intrinsic viscosity ([η]) of QCh. 27296443 0 0 theme high-amylose 70:81 arg1 starches 93:100 "high-amylose" ae maize starches 69:100 "high-amylose" ae maize starches 69:100 On the molecular structure of the amylopectin fraction isolated from "high-amylose" ae maize starches. 27296443 7 1 theme branches 1326:1333 arg1 density 1315:1321 a lower density 1307:1321 a lower density of branches with longer chains 1307:1352 Nevertheless, isolated clusters from the HYLON starch samples were smaller than in NMS and the clusters possessed a lower density of branches with longer chains. 27296443 2 2 dep fraction 382:389 arg1 LMF 400:402 LMF 400:402 LMF 400:402 The fractions from all samples contained both a high and a low molecular weight fraction (HMF and LMF), of which LMF increased with the amylose content of the starch and appeared to have substantially more of long chains than HMF. 27296443 2 2 dep fraction 382:389 arg1 HMF 392:394 HMF 392:394 HMF 392:394 The fractions from all samples contained both a high and a low molecular weight fraction (HMF and LMF), of which LMF increased with the amylose content of the starch and appeared to have substantially more of long chains than HMF. 27296443 4 3 attach isolated 792:799 arg2 Clusters 778:785 Clusters 778:785 Clusters 778:785 Clusters were isolated from the amylopectin fractions using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens α-amylase, which effectively hydrolyses long internal chain segments between clusters. 27296443 4 3 attach isolated 792:799 arg1 fractions 822:830 the amylopectin fractions 806:830 the amylopectin fractions using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens α-amylase, which effectively hydrolyses long internal chain segments between clusters 806:949 Clusters were isolated from the amylopectin fractions using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens α-amylase, which effectively hydrolyses long internal chain segments between clusters. 27296443 3 4 theme starch 722:727 arg1 activity 750:757 starch branching enzyme IIb activity 722:757 starch branching enzyme IIb activity 722:757 A normal amylose-containing maize starch (NMS), which served as a reference sample, contained very little LMF, which suggested that LMF was the inherent result of the effect of the loss of starch branching enzyme IIb activity in the ae mutants. 27296443 3 5 theme inherent 677:684 arg1 LMF 665:667 LMF 665:667 LMF 665:667 A normal amylose-containing maize starch (NMS), which served as a reference sample, contained very little LMF, which suggested that LMF was the inherent result of the effect of the loss of starch branching enzyme IIb activity in the ae mutants. 27296443 3 5 theme inherent 677:684 arg1 result 686:691 the inherent result 673:691 the inherent result of the effect of the loss of starch branching enzyme IIb activity in the ae mutants 673:775 A normal amylose-containing maize starch (NMS), which served as a reference sample, contained very little LMF, which suggested that LMF was the inherent result of the effect of the loss of starch branching enzyme IIb activity in the ae mutants. 27296443 4 6 theme amylopectin 810:820 arg1 fractions 822:830 the amylopectin fractions 806:830 the amylopectin fractions using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens α-amylase, which effectively hydrolyses long internal chain segments between clusters 806:949 Clusters were isolated from the amylopectin fractions using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens α-amylase, which effectively hydrolyses long internal chain segments between clusters. 27296443 1 7 theme molecular 265:273 arg1 composition 275:285 their molecular composition 259:285 their molecular composition 259:285 The amylopectin fractions from starch of a series of amylose-extender (ae) maize samples (HYLON(®) V, VII and VIII starches) were isolated and analysed for their molecular composition and structure. 27296443 4 8 dep amyloliquefaciens 847:863 arg1 α-amylase 865:873 α-amylase 865:873 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens α-amylase 838:873 Clusters were isolated from the amylopectin fractions using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens α-amylase, which effectively hydrolyses long internal chain segments between clusters. 27296443 7 9 theme longer 1340:1345 arg1 chains 1347:1352 longer chains 1340:1352 longer chains 1340:1352 Nevertheless, isolated clusters from the HYLON starch samples were smaller than in NMS and the clusters possessed a lower density of branches with longer chains. 27296443 0 10 theme ae 84:85 arg1 starches 93:100 "high-amylose" ae maize starches 69:100 "high-amylose" ae maize starches 69:100 On the molecular structure of the amylopectin fraction isolated from "high-amylose" ae maize starches. 27296443 5 11 theme small 999:1003 arg1 dextrins 1005:1012 small dextrins 999:1012 small dextrins 999:1012 During the hydrolysis process, clearly more of small dextrins were released from the ae starches in comparison to NMS. 27296443 3 12 theme loss 714:717 arg1 effect 700:705 the effect 696:705 the effect of the loss of starch branching enzyme IIb activity in the ae mutants 696:775 A normal amylose-containing maize starch (NMS), which served as a reference sample, contained very little LMF, which suggested that LMF was the inherent result of the effect of the loss of starch branching enzyme IIb activity in the ae mutants. 27296443 0 13 theme " 82:82 arg1 starches 93:100 "high-amylose" ae maize starches 69:100 "high-amylose" ae maize starches 69:100 On the molecular structure of the amylopectin fraction isolated from "high-amylose" ae maize starches. 27296443 8 14 contain possessed 1455:1463 arg2 blocks 1528:1533 much more of single-branched blocks and less multiple-branched blocks 1465:1533 much more of single-branched blocks and less multiple-branched blocks 1465:1533 The composition of small, branched building blocks was also clearly different: HYLON starch samples possessed much more of single-branched blocks and less multiple-branched blocks than NMS. 27296443 8 14 contain possessed 1455:1463 arg1 samples 1447:1453 HYLON starch samples 1434:1453 HYLON starch samples 1434:1453 The composition of small, branched building blocks was also clearly different: HYLON starch samples possessed much more of single-branched blocks and less multiple-branched blocks than NMS. 27296443 3 15 from loss 714:717 arg1 mutants 769:775 the ae mutants 762:775 the ae mutants 762:775 A normal amylose-containing maize starch (NMS), which served as a reference sample, contained very little LMF, which suggested that LMF was the inherent result of the effect of the loss of starch branching enzyme IIb activity in the ae mutants. 27296443 3 16 theme IIb 746:748 arg1 activity 750:757 starch branching enzyme IIb activity 722:757 starch branching enzyme IIb activity 722:757 A normal amylose-containing maize starch (NMS), which served as a reference sample, contained very little LMF, which suggested that LMF was the inherent result of the effect of the loss of starch branching enzyme IIb activity in the ae mutants. 27296443 6 17 theme clusters 1183:1190 arg1 majority 1167:1174 the majority 1163:1174 the majority of the clusters 1163:1190 It appeared that some of these small dextrins did not precipitate in methanol together with the majority of the clusters. 27296443 5 18 theme hydrolysis 963:972 arg1 process 974:980 the hydrolysis process 959:980 the hydrolysis process 959:980 During the hydrolysis process, clearly more of small dextrins were released from the ae starches in comparison to NMS. 27296443 1 19 from starch 134:139 arg1 fractions 119:127 The amylopectin fractions 103:127 The amylopectin fractions from starch of a series of amylose-extender (ae) maize samples (HYLON(®) V, VII and VIII starches) 103:226 The amylopectin fractions from starch of a series of amylose-extender (ae) maize samples (HYLON(®) V, VII and VIII starches) were isolated and analysed for their molecular composition and structure. 27296443 4 20 theme chain 919:923 arg1 segments 925:932 long internal chain segments 905:932 long internal chain segments between clusters 905:949 Clusters were isolated from the amylopectin fractions using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens α-amylase, which effectively hydrolyses long internal chain segments between clusters. 27296443 3 21 theme activity 750:757 arg1 loss 714:717 the loss 710:717 the loss of starch branching enzyme IIb activity in the ae mutants 710:775 A normal amylose-containing maize starch (NMS), which served as a reference sample, contained very little LMF, which suggested that LMF was the inherent result of the effect of the loss of starch branching enzyme IIb activity in the ae mutants. 27296443 1 22 theme series 146:151 arg1 starch 134:139 starch 134:139 starch of a series of amylose-extender (ae) maize samples (HYLON(®) V, VII and VIII starches) 134:226 The amylopectin fractions from starch of a series of amylose-extender (ae) maize samples (HYLON(®) V, VII and VIII starches) were isolated and analysed for their molecular composition and structure. 27296443 0 23 theme maize 87:91 arg1 starches 93:100 "high-amylose" ae maize starches 69:100 "high-amylose" ae maize starches 69:100 On the molecular structure of the amylopectin fraction isolated from "high-amylose" ae maize starches. 27296443 8 24 theme small 1374:1378 arg1 blocks 1399:1404 small, branched building blocks 1374:1404 small, branched building blocks 1374:1404 The composition of small, branched building blocks was also clearly different: HYLON starch samples possessed much more of single-branched blocks and less multiple-branched blocks than NMS. 27296443 2 25 theme long 511:514 arg1 chains 516:521 long chains 511:521 long chains 511:521 The fractions from all samples contained both a high and a low molecular weight fraction (HMF and LMF), of which LMF increased with the amylose content of the starch and appeared to have substantially more of long chains than HMF. 27296443 8 26 theme multiple-branched 1510:1526 arg1 blocks 1528:1533 much more of single-branched blocks and less multiple-branched blocks 1465:1533 much more of single-branched blocks and less multiple-branched blocks 1465:1533 The composition of small, branched building blocks was also clearly different: HYLON starch samples possessed much more of single-branched blocks and less multiple-branched blocks than NMS. 27296443 7 27 theme isolated 1207:1214 arg1 clusters 1216:1223 isolated clusters 1207:1223 isolated clusters from the HYLON starch samples 1207:1253 Nevertheless, isolated clusters from the HYLON starch samples were smaller than in NMS and the clusters possessed a lower density of branches with longer chains. 27296443 3 28 theme branching 729:737 arg1 activity 750:757 starch branching enzyme IIb activity 722:757 starch branching enzyme IIb activity 722:757 A normal amylose-containing maize starch (NMS), which served as a reference sample, contained very little LMF, which suggested that LMF was the inherent result of the effect of the loss of starch branching enzyme IIb activity in the ae mutants. 27296443 2 29 theme molecular 365:373 arg1 fraction 382:389 a low molecular weight fraction 359:389 a low molecular weight fraction (HMF and LMF) 359:403 The fractions from all samples contained both a high and a low molecular weight fraction (HMF and LMF), of which LMF increased with the amylose content of the starch and appeared to have substantially more of long chains than HMF. 27296443 3 30 theme enzyme 739:744 arg1 activity 750:757 starch branching enzyme IIb activity 722:757 starch branching enzyme IIb activity 722:757 A normal amylose-containing maize starch (NMS), which served as a reference sample, contained very little LMF, which suggested that LMF was the inherent result of the effect of the loss of starch branching enzyme IIb activity in the ae mutants. 27296443 1 31 theme amylose-extender 156:171 arg1 V 202:202 HYLON(®) V 193:202 HYLON(®) V 193:202 The amylopectin fractions from starch of a series of amylose-extender (ae) maize samples (HYLON(®) V, VII and VIII starches) were isolated and analysed for their molecular composition and structure. 27296443 1 31 theme amylose-extender 156:171 arg1 VII 205:207 VII 205:207 VII 205:207 The amylopectin fractions from starch of a series of amylose-extender (ae) maize samples (HYLON(®) V, VII and VIII starches) were isolated and analysed for their molecular composition and structure. 27296443 1 31 theme amylose-extender 156:171 arg1 VIII 213:216 VIII 213:216 VIII 213:216 The amylopectin fractions from starch of a series of amylose-extender (ae) maize samples (HYLON(®) V, VII and VIII starches) were isolated and analysed for their molecular composition and structure. 27296443 1 31 theme amylose-extender 156:171 arg1 ae 174:175 ae 174:175 ae 174:175 The amylopectin fractions from starch of a series of amylose-extender (ae) maize samples (HYLON(®) V, VII and VIII starches) were isolated and analysed for their molecular composition and structure. 27296443 1 31 theme amylose-extender 156:171 arg1 samples 184:190 amylose-extender (ae) maize samples 156:190 amylose-extender (ae) maize samples (HYLON(®) V, VII and VIII starches) 156:226 The amylopectin fractions from starch of a series of amylose-extender (ae) maize samples (HYLON(®) V, VII and VIII starches) were isolated and analysed for their molecular composition and structure. 27296443 2 32 theme low 361:363 arg1 fraction 382:389 a low molecular weight fraction 359:389 a low molecular weight fraction (HMF and LMF) 359:403 The fractions from all samples contained both a high and a low molecular weight fraction (HMF and LMF), of which LMF increased with the amylose content of the starch and appeared to have substantially more of long chains than HMF. 27296443 3 33 theme amylose-containing 542:559 arg1 sample 609:614 a reference sample 597:614 a reference sample 597:614 A normal amylose-containing maize starch (NMS), which served as a reference sample, contained very little LMF, which suggested that LMF was the inherent result of the effect of the loss of starch branching enzyme IIb activity in the ae mutants. 27296443 3 33 theme amylose-containing 542:559 arg1 NMS 575:577 NMS 575:577 NMS 575:577 A normal amylose-containing maize starch (NMS), which served as a reference sample, contained very little LMF, which suggested that LMF was the inherent result of the effect of the loss of starch branching enzyme IIb activity in the ae mutants. 27296443 3 33 theme amylose-containing 542:559 arg1 starch 567:572 A normal amylose-containing maize starch 533:572 A normal amylose-containing maize starch (NMS) 533:578 A normal amylose-containing maize starch (NMS), which served as a reference sample, contained very little LMF, which suggested that LMF was the inherent result of the effect of the loss of starch branching enzyme IIb activity in the ae mutants. 27296443 8 34 theme more 1470:1473 arg1 blocks 1528:1533 much more of single-branched blocks and less multiple-branched blocks 1465:1533 much more of single-branched blocks and less multiple-branched blocks 1465:1533 The composition of small, branched building blocks was also clearly different: HYLON starch samples possessed much more of single-branched blocks and less multiple-branched blocks than NMS. 27296443 3 35 theme maize 561:565 arg1 sample 609:614 a reference sample 597:614 a reference sample 597:614 A normal amylose-containing maize starch (NMS), which served as a reference sample, contained very little LMF, which suggested that LMF was the inherent result of the effect of the loss of starch branching enzyme IIb activity in the ae mutants. 27296443 3 35 theme maize 561:565 arg1 NMS 575:577 NMS 575:577 NMS 575:577 A normal amylose-containing maize starch (NMS), which served as a reference sample, contained very little LMF, which suggested that LMF was the inherent result of the effect of the loss of starch branching enzyme IIb activity in the ae mutants. 27296443 3 35 theme maize 561:565 arg1 starch 567:572 A normal amylose-containing maize starch 533:572 A normal amylose-containing maize starch (NMS) 533:578 A normal amylose-containing maize starch (NMS), which served as a reference sample, contained very little LMF, which suggested that LMF was the inherent result of the effect of the loss of starch branching enzyme IIb activity in the ae mutants. 27296443 0 36 theme amylopectin 34:44 arg1 fraction 46:53 the amylopectin fraction 30:53 the amylopectin fraction isolated from "high-amylose" ae maize starches 30:100 On the molecular structure of the amylopectin fraction isolated from "high-amylose" ae maize starches. 27296443 5 37 theme ae 1037:1038 arg1 starches 1040:1047 the ae starches 1033:1047 the ae starches 1033:1047 During the hydrolysis process, clearly more of small dextrins were released from the ae starches in comparison to NMS. 27296443 4 38 theme long 905:908 arg1 segments 925:932 long internal chain segments 905:932 long internal chain segments between clusters 905:949 Clusters were isolated from the amylopectin fractions using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens α-amylase, which effectively hydrolyses long internal chain segments between clusters. 27296443 3 39 contain contained 617:625 arg2 LMF 639:641 very little LMF 627:641 very little LMF 627:641 A normal amylose-containing maize starch (NMS), which served as a reference sample, contained very little LMF, which suggested that LMF was the inherent result of the effect of the loss of starch branching enzyme IIb activity in the ae mutants. 27296443 3 39 contain contained 617:625 arg1 sample 609:614 a reference sample 597:614 a reference sample 597:614 A normal amylose-containing maize starch (NMS), which served as a reference sample, contained very little LMF, which suggested that LMF was the inherent result of the effect of the loss of starch branching enzyme IIb activity in the ae mutants. 27296443 3 39 contain contained 617:625 arg1 NMS 575:577 NMS 575:577 NMS 575:577 A normal amylose-containing maize starch (NMS), which served as a reference sample, contained very little LMF, which suggested that LMF was the inherent result of the effect of the loss of starch branching enzyme IIb activity in the ae mutants. 27296443 3 39 contain contained 617:625 arg1 starch 567:572 A normal amylose-containing maize starch 533:572 A normal amylose-containing maize starch (NMS) 533:578 A normal amylose-containing maize starch (NMS), which served as a reference sample, contained very little LMF, which suggested that LMF was the inherent result of the effect of the loss of starch branching enzyme IIb activity in the ae mutants. 27296443 0 40 theme molecular 7:15 arg1 structure 17:25 the molecular structure 3:25 the molecular structure of the amylopectin fraction isolated from "high-amylose" ae maize starches 3:100 On the molecular structure of the amylopectin fraction isolated from "high-amylose" ae maize starches. 27296443 3 41 theme reference 599:607 arg1 sample 609:614 a reference sample 597:614 a reference sample 597:614 A normal amylose-containing maize starch (NMS), which served as a reference sample, contained very little LMF, which suggested that LMF was the inherent result of the effect of the loss of starch branching enzyme IIb activity in the ae mutants. 27296443 3 41 theme reference 599:607 arg1 starch 567:572 A normal amylose-containing maize starch 533:572 A normal amylose-containing maize starch (NMS) 533:578 A normal amylose-containing maize starch (NMS), which served as a reference sample, contained very little LMF, which suggested that LMF was the inherent result of the effect of the loss of starch branching enzyme IIb activity in the ae mutants. 27296443 2 42 theme amylose 438:444 arg1 content 446:452 the amylose content 434:452 the amylose content of the starch 434:466 The fractions from all samples contained both a high and a low molecular weight fraction (HMF and LMF), of which LMF increased with the amylose content of the starch and appeared to have substantially more of long chains than HMF. 27296443 5 43 attach released 1019:1026 arg2 more 991:994 more 991:994 more 991:994 During the hydrolysis process, clearly more of small dextrins were released from the ae starches in comparison to NMS. 27296443 5 43 attach released 1019:1026 arg1 starches 1040:1047 the ae starches 1033:1047 the ae starches 1033:1047 During the hydrolysis process, clearly more of small dextrins were released from the ae starches in comparison to NMS. 27296443 8 44 theme blocks 1399:1404 arg1 composition 1359:1369 The composition 1355:1369 The composition of small, branched building blocks 1355:1404 The composition of small, branched building blocks was also clearly different: HYLON starch samples possessed much more of single-branched blocks and less multiple-branched blocks than NMS. 27296443 8 44 theme blocks 1399:1404 arg1 different 1423:1431 different 1423:1431 different 1423:1431 The composition of small, branched building blocks was also clearly different: HYLON starch samples possessed much more of single-branched blocks and less multiple-branched blocks than NMS. 27296443 3 45 theme ae 766:767 arg1 mutants 769:775 the ae mutants 762:775 the ae mutants 762:775 A normal amylose-containing maize starch (NMS), which served as a reference sample, contained very little LMF, which suggested that LMF was the inherent result of the effect of the loss of starch branching enzyme IIb activity in the ae mutants. 27296443 8 46 theme building 1390:1397 arg1 blocks 1399:1404 small, branched building blocks 1374:1404 small, branched building blocks 1374:1404 The composition of small, branched building blocks was also clearly different: HYLON starch samples possessed much more of single-branched blocks and less multiple-branched blocks than NMS. 27296443 7 47 with branches 1326:1333 arg1 chains 1347:1352 longer chains 1340:1352 longer chains 1340:1352 Nevertheless, isolated clusters from the HYLON starch samples were smaller than in NMS and the clusters possessed a lower density of branches with longer chains. 27296443 1 48 theme maize 178:182 arg1 V 202:202 HYLON(®) V 193:202 HYLON(®) V 193:202 The amylopectin fractions from starch of a series of amylose-extender (ae) maize samples (HYLON(®) V, VII and VIII starches) were isolated and analysed for their molecular composition and structure. 27296443 1 48 theme maize 178:182 arg1 VII 205:207 VII 205:207 VII 205:207 The amylopectin fractions from starch of a series of amylose-extender (ae) maize samples (HYLON(®) V, VII and VIII starches) were isolated and analysed for their molecular composition and structure. 27296443 1 48 theme maize 178:182 arg1 VIII 213:216 VIII 213:216 VIII 213:216 The amylopectin fractions from starch of a series of amylose-extender (ae) maize samples (HYLON(®) V, VII and VIII starches) were isolated and analysed for their molecular composition and structure. 27296443 1 48 theme maize 178:182 arg1 ae 174:175 ae 174:175 ae 174:175 The amylopectin fractions from starch of a series of amylose-extender (ae) maize samples (HYLON(®) V, VII and VIII starches) were isolated and analysed for their molecular composition and structure. 27296443 1 48 theme maize 178:182 arg1 samples 184:190 amylose-extender (ae) maize samples 156:190 amylose-extender (ae) maize samples (HYLON(®) V, VII and VIII starches) 156:226 The amylopectin fractions from starch of a series of amylose-extender (ae) maize samples (HYLON(®) V, VII and VIII starches) were isolated and analysed for their molecular composition and structure. 27296443 6 49 theme small 1102:1106 arg1 dextrins 1108:1115 these small dextrins 1096:1115 these small dextrins 1096:1115 It appeared that some of these small dextrins did not precipitate in methanol together with the majority of the clusters. 27296443 7 50 theme lower 1309:1313 arg1 density 1315:1321 a lower density 1307:1321 a lower density of branches with longer chains 1307:1352 Nevertheless, isolated clusters from the HYLON starch samples were smaller than in NMS and the clusters possessed a lower density of branches with longer chains. 27296443 7 51 theme starch 1240:1245 arg1 samples 1247:1253 the HYLON starch samples 1230:1253 the HYLON starch samples 1230:1253 Nevertheless, isolated clusters from the HYLON starch samples were smaller than in NMS and the clusters possessed a lower density of branches with longer chains. 27296443 7 52 theme HYLON 1234:1238 arg1 samples 1247:1253 the HYLON starch samples 1230:1253 the HYLON starch samples 1230:1253 Nevertheless, isolated clusters from the HYLON starch samples were smaller than in NMS and the clusters possessed a lower density of branches with longer chains. 27296443 0 53 attach isolated 55:62 arg2 fraction 46:53 the amylopectin fraction 30:53 the amylopectin fraction isolated from "high-amylose" ae maize starches 30:100 On the molecular structure of the amylopectin fraction isolated from "high-amylose" ae maize starches. 27296443 0 53 attach isolated 55:62 arg1 starches 93:100 "high-amylose" ae maize starches 69:100 "high-amylose" ae maize starches 69:100 On the molecular structure of the amylopectin fraction isolated from "high-amylose" ae maize starches. 27296443 1 54 theme samples 184:190 arg1 series 146:151 a series 144:151 a series of amylose-extender (ae) maize samples (HYLON(®) V, VII and VIII starches) 144:226 The amylopectin fractions from starch of a series of amylose-extender (ae) maize samples (HYLON(®) V, VII and VIII starches) were isolated and analysed for their molecular composition and structure. 27296443 0 55 theme fraction 46:53 arg1 structure 17:25 the molecular structure 3:25 the molecular structure of the amylopectin fraction isolated from "high-amylose" ae maize starches 3:100 On the molecular structure of the amylopectin fraction isolated from "high-amylose" ae maize starches. 27296443 2 56 theme weight 375:380 arg1 fraction 382:389 a low molecular weight fraction 359:389 a low molecular weight fraction (HMF and LMF) 359:403 The fractions from all samples contained both a high and a low molecular weight fraction (HMF and LMF), of which LMF increased with the amylose content of the starch and appeared to have substantially more of long chains than HMF. 27296443 2 57 theme starch 461:466 arg1 content 446:452 the amylose content 434:452 the amylose content of the starch 434:466 The fractions from all samples contained both a high and a low molecular weight fraction (HMF and LMF), of which LMF increased with the amylose content of the starch and appeared to have substantially more of long chains than HMF. 27296443 2 58 contain contained 333:341 arg2 high 350:353 high 350:353 high 350:353 The fractions from all samples contained both a high and a low molecular weight fraction (HMF and LMF), of which LMF increased with the amylose content of the starch and appeared to have substantially more of long chains than HMF. 27296443 2 58 contain contained 333:341 arg1 fractions 306:314 The fractions 302:314 The fractions from all samples 302:331 The fractions from all samples contained both a high and a low molecular weight fraction (HMF and LMF), of which LMF increased with the amylose content of the starch and appeared to have substantially more of long chains than HMF. 27296443 2 58 contain contained 333:341 arg2 fraction 382:389 a low molecular weight fraction 359:389 a low molecular weight fraction (HMF and LMF) 359:403 The fractions from all samples contained both a high and a low molecular weight fraction (HMF and LMF), of which LMF increased with the amylose content of the starch and appeared to have substantially more of long chains than HMF. 27296443 3 59 from mutants 769:775 arg1 effect 700:705 the effect 696:705 the effect of the loss of starch branching enzyme IIb activity in the ae mutants 696:775 A normal amylose-containing maize starch (NMS), which served as a reference sample, contained very little LMF, which suggested that LMF was the inherent result of the effect of the loss of starch branching enzyme IIb activity in the ae mutants. 27296443 2 60 from samples 325:331 arg1 fractions 306:314 The fractions 302:314 The fractions from all samples 302:331 The fractions from all samples contained both a high and a low molecular weight fraction (HMF and LMF), of which LMF increased with the amylose content of the starch and appeared to have substantially more of long chains than HMF. 27296443 3 61 theme effect 700:705 arg1 LMF 665:667 LMF 665:667 LMF 665:667 A normal amylose-containing maize starch (NMS), which served as a reference sample, contained very little LMF, which suggested that LMF was the inherent result of the effect of the loss of starch branching enzyme IIb activity in the ae mutants. 27296443 3 61 theme effect 700:705 arg1 result 686:691 the inherent result 673:691 the inherent result of the effect of the loss of starch branching enzyme IIb activity in the ae mutants 673:775 A normal amylose-containing maize starch (NMS), which served as a reference sample, contained very little LMF, which suggested that LMF was the inherent result of the effect of the loss of starch branching enzyme IIb activity in the ae mutants. 27296443 3 62 theme little 632:637 arg1 LMF 639:641 very little LMF 627:641 very little LMF 627:641 A normal amylose-containing maize starch (NMS), which served as a reference sample, contained very little LMF, which suggested that LMF was the inherent result of the effect of the loss of starch branching enzyme IIb activity in the ae mutants. 27296443 8 63 theme single-branched 1478:1492 arg1 blocks 1494:1499 single-branched blocks 1478:1499 single-branched blocks 1478:1499 The composition of small, branched building blocks was also clearly different: HYLON starch samples possessed much more of single-branched blocks and less multiple-branched blocks than NMS. 27296443 1 64 theme amylopectin 107:117 arg1 fractions 119:127 The amylopectin fractions 103:127 The amylopectin fractions from starch of a series of amylose-extender (ae) maize samples (HYLON(®) V, VII and VIII starches) 103:226 The amylopectin fractions from starch of a series of amylose-extender (ae) maize samples (HYLON(®) V, VII and VIII starches) were isolated and analysed for their molecular composition and structure. 27296443 3 65 from effect 700:705 arg1 mutants 769:775 the ae mutants 762:775 the ae mutants 762:775 A normal amylose-containing maize starch (NMS), which served as a reference sample, contained very little LMF, which suggested that LMF was the inherent result of the effect of the loss of starch branching enzyme IIb activity in the ae mutants. 27296443 8 66 theme HYLON 1434:1438 arg1 samples 1447:1453 HYLON starch samples 1434:1453 HYLON starch samples 1434:1453 The composition of small, branched building blocks was also clearly different: HYLON starch samples possessed much more of single-branched blocks and less multiple-branched blocks than NMS. 27296443 3 67 theme normal 535:540 arg1 sample 609:614 a reference sample 597:614 a reference sample 597:614 A normal amylose-containing maize starch (NMS), which served as a reference sample, contained very little LMF, which suggested that LMF was the inherent result of the effect of the loss of starch branching enzyme IIb activity in the ae mutants. 27296443 3 67 theme normal 535:540 arg1 NMS 575:577 NMS 575:577 NMS 575:577 A normal amylose-containing maize starch (NMS), which served as a reference sample, contained very little LMF, which suggested that LMF was the inherent result of the effect of the loss of starch branching enzyme IIb activity in the ae mutants. 27296443 3 67 theme normal 535:540 arg1 starch 567:572 A normal amylose-containing maize starch 533:572 A normal amylose-containing maize starch (NMS) 533:578 A normal amylose-containing maize starch (NMS), which served as a reference sample, contained very little LMF, which suggested that LMF was the inherent result of the effect of the loss of starch branching enzyme IIb activity in the ae mutants. 27296443 1 68 dep samples 184:190 arg1 V 202:202 HYLON(®) V 193:202 HYLON(®) V 193:202 The amylopectin fractions from starch of a series of amylose-extender (ae) maize samples (HYLON(®) V, VII and VIII starches) were isolated and analysed for their molecular composition and structure. 27296443 1 68 dep samples 184:190 arg1 samples 184:190 amylose-extender (ae) maize samples 156:190 amylose-extender (ae) maize samples (HYLON(®) V, VII and VIII starches) 156:226 The amylopectin fractions from starch of a series of amylose-extender (ae) maize samples (HYLON(®) V, VII and VIII starches) were isolated and analysed for their molecular composition and structure. 27296443 1 68 dep samples 184:190 arg1 VIII 213:216 VIII 213:216 VIII 213:216 The amylopectin fractions from starch of a series of amylose-extender (ae) maize samples (HYLON(®) V, VII and VIII starches) were isolated and analysed for their molecular composition and structure. 27296443 1 68 dep samples 184:190 arg1 VII 205:207 VII 205:207 VII 205:207 The amylopectin fractions from starch of a series of amylose-extender (ae) maize samples (HYLON(®) V, VII and VIII starches) were isolated and analysed for their molecular composition and structure. 27296443 7 69 contain possessed 1297:1305 arg2 density 1315:1321 a lower density 1307:1321 a lower density of branches with longer chains 1307:1352 Nevertheless, isolated clusters from the HYLON starch samples were smaller than in NMS and the clusters possessed a lower density of branches with longer chains. 27296443 7 69 contain possessed 1297:1305 arg1 clusters 1288:1295 the clusters 1284:1295 the clusters 1284:1295 Nevertheless, isolated clusters from the HYLON starch samples were smaller than in NMS and the clusters possessed a lower density of branches with longer chains. 27296443 1 70 theme HYLON 193:197 arg1 V 202:202 HYLON(®) V 193:202 HYLON(®) V 193:202 The amylopectin fractions from starch of a series of amylose-extender (ae) maize samples (HYLON(®) V, VII and VIII starches) were isolated and analysed for their molecular composition and structure. 27296443 1 70 theme HYLON 193:197 arg1 samples 184:190 amylose-extender (ae) maize samples 156:190 amylose-extender (ae) maize samples (HYLON(®) V, VII and VIII starches) 156:226 The amylopectin fractions from starch of a series of amylose-extender (ae) maize samples (HYLON(®) V, VII and VIII starches) were isolated and analysed for their molecular composition and structure. 27296443 1 71 dep V 202:202 arg1 starches 218:225 starches 218:225 starches 218:225 The amylopectin fractions from starch of a series of amylose-extender (ae) maize samples (HYLON(®) V, VII and VIII starches) were isolated and analysed for their molecular composition and structure. 27296443 7 72 from samples 1247:1253 arg1 clusters 1216:1223 isolated clusters 1207:1223 isolated clusters from the HYLON starch samples 1207:1253 Nevertheless, isolated clusters from the HYLON starch samples were smaller than in NMS and the clusters possessed a lower density of branches with longer chains. 27296443 8 73 theme starch 1440:1445 arg1 samples 1447:1453 HYLON starch samples 1434:1453 HYLON starch samples 1434:1453 The composition of small, branched building blocks was also clearly different: HYLON starch samples possessed much more of single-branched blocks and less multiple-branched blocks than NMS. 27296443 8 74 dep small 1374:1378 arg1 branched 1381:1388 branched 1381:1388 branched 1381:1388 The composition of small, branched building blocks was also clearly different: HYLON starch samples possessed much more of single-branched blocks and less multiple-branched blocks than NMS. 27296443 4 75 theme internal 910:917 arg1 segments 925:932 long internal chain segments 905:932 long internal chain segments between clusters 905:949 Clusters were isolated from the amylopectin fractions using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens α-amylase, which effectively hydrolyses long internal chain segments between clusters. 27296443 1 76 theme ® 199:199 arg1 V 202:202 HYLON(®) V 193:202 HYLON(®) V 193:202 The amylopectin fractions from starch of a series of amylose-extender (ae) maize samples (HYLON(®) V, VII and VIII starches) were isolated and analysed for their molecular composition and structure. 27296443 1 76 theme ® 199:199 arg1 samples 184:190 amylose-extender (ae) maize samples 156:190 amylose-extender (ae) maize samples (HYLON(®) V, VII and VIII starches) 156:226 The amylopectin fractions from starch of a series of amylose-extender (ae) maize samples (HYLON(®) V, VII and VIII starches) were isolated and analysed for their molecular composition and structure. 25319363 6 0 theme polysaccharide 611:624 arg1 structure 626:634 polysaccharide structure 611:634 polysaccharide structure 611:634 Enzymatic methods are useful for elucidating polysaccharide structure because they specifically cleave glycosidic bonds and do not require harsh chemical conditions. 25319363 6 1 theme chemical 711:718 arg1 conditions 720:729 harsh chemical conditions 705:729 harsh chemical conditions 705:729 Enzymatic methods are useful for elucidating polysaccharide structure because they specifically cleave glycosidic bonds and do not require harsh chemical conditions. 25319363 10 2 theme reduced 1155:1161 arg1 form 1163:1166 The reduced form 1151:1166 The reduced form of the native polysaccharide 1151:1195 The reduced form of the native polysaccharide showed a slightly modified osidic composition, particularly in terms of molar ratio. 25319363 4 3 theme high 275:278 arg1 weight 290:295 high molecular weight 275:295 The high molecular weight biopolymer HYD657 271:313 The high molecular weight biopolymer HYD657 produced by this strain, is the first marine exopolysaccharide (EPS) to be commercialized for cosmetic use. 25319363 8 4 theme first 866:870 arg1 results 872:878 the first results 862:878 the first results on the endogenous enzymatic depolymerization of a marine EPS of biotechnological interest by the producing strain 862:992 Here, we present the first results on the endogenous enzymatic depolymerization of a marine EPS of biotechnological interest by the producing strain. 25319363 5 5 theme complete 479:486 arg1 structure 488:496 the complete structure 475:496 the complete structure of this EPS 475:508 Depolymerization methods are necessary to elucidate the complete structure of this EPS and to generate potentially bioactive oligosaccharides. 25319363 9 6 theme bacterial 1034:1042 arg1 lysate 1044:1049 the bacterial lysate 1030:1049 the bacterial lysate 1030:1049 Enzymatic activity was detected in the bacterial lysate and was able to decrease the apparent molecular size of the EPS, releasing mainly oligosaccharides. 25319363 5 7 theme bioactive 538:546 arg1 oligosaccharides 548:563 potentially bioactive oligosaccharides 526:563 potentially bioactive oligosaccharides 526:563 Depolymerization methods are necessary to elucidate the complete structure of this EPS and to generate potentially bioactive oligosaccharides. 25319363 8 8 theme interest 961:968 arg1 EPS 937:939 a marine EPS 928:939 a marine EPS of biotechnological interest 928:968 Here, we present the first results on the endogenous enzymatic depolymerization of a marine EPS of biotechnological interest by the producing strain. 25319363 8 9 theme biotechnological 944:959 arg1 interest 961:968 biotechnological interest 944:968 biotechnological interest 944:968 Here, we present the first results on the endogenous enzymatic depolymerization of a marine EPS of biotechnological interest by the producing strain. 25319363 10 10 theme native 1175:1180 arg1 polysaccharide 1182:1195 the native polysaccharide 1171:1195 the native polysaccharide 1171:1195 The reduced form of the native polysaccharide showed a slightly modified osidic composition, particularly in terms of molar ratio. 25319363 3 11 theme annelid 242:248 arg1 pompejana 260:268 the polychaete annelid Alvinella pompejana 227:268 the polychaete annelid Alvinella pompejana 227:268 fijiensis biovar deepsane is a deep-sea ecotype exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria isolated from the polychaete annelid Alvinella pompejana. 25319363 9 12 located detected 1018:1025 arg2 activity 1005:1012 Enzymatic activity 995:1012 Enzymatic activity 995:1012 Enzymatic activity was detected in the bacterial lysate and was able to decrease the apparent molecular size of the EPS, releasing mainly oligosaccharides. 25319363 9 12 located detected 1018:1025 arg1 lysate 1044:1049 the bacterial lysate 1030:1049 the bacterial lysate 1030:1049 Enzymatic activity was detected in the bacterial lysate and was able to decrease the apparent molecular size of the EPS, releasing mainly oligosaccharides. 25319363 4 13 theme first 347:351 arg1 EPS 379:381 EPS 379:381 EPS 379:381 The high molecular weight biopolymer HYD657 produced by this strain, is the first marine exopolysaccharide (EPS) to be commercialized for cosmetic use. 25319363 4 13 theme first 347:351 arg1 exopolysaccharide 360:376 the first marine exopolysaccharide 343:376 the first marine exopolysaccharide (EPS) to be commercialized for cosmetic use 343:420 The high molecular weight biopolymer HYD657 produced by this strain, is the first marine exopolysaccharide (EPS) to be commercialized for cosmetic use. 25319363 4 13 theme first 347:351 arg1 HYD657 308:313 The high molecular weight biopolymer HYD657 271:313 The high molecular weight biopolymer HYD657 271:313 The high molecular weight biopolymer HYD657 produced by this strain, is the first marine exopolysaccharide (EPS) to be commercialized for cosmetic use. 25319363 3 14 theme Alvinella 250:258 arg1 pompejana 260:268 the polychaete annelid Alvinella pompejana 227:268 the polychaete annelid Alvinella pompejana 227:268 fijiensis biovar deepsane is a deep-sea ecotype exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria isolated from the polychaete annelid Alvinella pompejana. 25319363 11 15 theme exoglycosidase 1290:1303 arg1 activities 1305:1314 Several exoglycosidase activities 1282:1314 Several exoglycosidase activities 1282:1314 Several exoglycosidase activities were measured in the bacterial lysate using paranitrophenyl-osides. 25319363 10 16 theme polysaccharide 1182:1195 arg1 form 1163:1166 The reduced form 1151:1166 The reduced form of the native polysaccharide 1151:1195 The reduced form of the native polysaccharide showed a slightly modified osidic composition, particularly in terms of molar ratio. 25319363 0 17 theme Exopolysaccharide 0:16 arg1 biosynthesis 18:29 Exopolysaccharide biosynthesis 0:29 Exopolysaccharide biosynthesis 0:29 Exopolysaccharide biosynthesis and biodegradation by a marine hydrothermal Alteromonas sp. 25319363 10 18 theme osidic 1224:1229 arg1 composition 1231:1241 a slightly modified osidic composition 1204:1241 a slightly modified osidic composition 1204:1241 The reduced form of the native polysaccharide showed a slightly modified osidic composition, particularly in terms of molar ratio. 25319363 10 19 theme modified 1215:1222 arg1 composition 1231:1241 a slightly modified osidic composition 1204:1241 a slightly modified osidic composition 1204:1241 The reduced form of the native polysaccharide showed a slightly modified osidic composition, particularly in terms of molar ratio. 25319363 6 20 theme Enzymatic 566:574 arg1 methods 576:582 Enzymatic methods 566:582 Enzymatic methods 566:582 Enzymatic methods are useful for elucidating polysaccharide structure because they specifically cleave glycosidic bonds and do not require harsh chemical conditions. 25319363 3 21 theme polychaete 231:240 arg1 pompejana 260:268 the polychaete annelid Alvinella pompejana 227:268 the polychaete annelid Alvinella pompejana 227:268 fijiensis biovar deepsane is a deep-sea ecotype exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria isolated from the polychaete annelid Alvinella pompejana. 25319363 8 22 theme producing 977:985 arg1 strain 987:992 the producing strain 973:992 the producing strain 973:992 Here, we present the first results on the endogenous enzymatic depolymerization of a marine EPS of biotechnological interest by the producing strain. 25319363 8 23 theme endogenous 887:896 arg1 depolymerization 908:923 the endogenous enzymatic depolymerization 883:923 the endogenous enzymatic depolymerization of a marine EPS of biotechnological interest by the producing strain 883:992 Here, we present the first results on the endogenous enzymatic depolymerization of a marine EPS of biotechnological interest by the producing strain. 25319363 7 24 theme available 791:799 arg1 enzymes 801:807 no commercially available enzymes 775:807 no commercially available enzymes 775:807 The HYD657 EPS is structurally complex and no commercially available enzymes are able to effectively degrade it. 25319363 11 25 theme Several 1282:1288 arg1 activities 1305:1314 Several exoglycosidase activities 1282:1314 Several exoglycosidase activities 1282:1314 Several exoglycosidase activities were measured in the bacterial lysate using paranitrophenyl-osides. 25319363 3 26 attach isolated 213:220 arg1 pompejana 260:268 the polychaete annelid Alvinella pompejana 227:268 the polychaete annelid Alvinella pompejana 227:268 fijiensis biovar deepsane is a deep-sea ecotype exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria isolated from the polychaete annelid Alvinella pompejana. 25319363 3 26 attach isolated 213:220 arg2 bacteria 204:211 bacteria 204:211 bacteria isolated from the polychaete annelid Alvinella pompejana 204:268 fijiensis biovar deepsane is a deep-sea ecotype exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria isolated from the polychaete annelid Alvinella pompejana. 25319363 6 27 theme glycosidic 669:678 arg1 bonds 680:684 glycosidic bonds 669:684 glycosidic bonds 669:684 Enzymatic methods are useful for elucidating polysaccharide structure because they specifically cleave glycosidic bonds and do not require harsh chemical conditions. 25319363 5 28 dep necessary 452:460 arg1 generate 517:524 generate 517:524 to generate potentially bioactive oligosaccharides 514:563 Depolymerization methods are necessary to elucidate the complete structure of this EPS and to generate potentially bioactive oligosaccharides. 25319363 5 28 dep necessary 452:460 arg1 elucidate 465:473 elucidate 465:473 to elucidate the complete structure of this EPS 462:508 Depolymerization methods are necessary to elucidate the complete structure of this EPS and to generate potentially bioactive oligosaccharides. 25319363 6 29 theme harsh 705:709 arg1 conditions 720:729 harsh chemical conditions 705:729 harsh chemical conditions 705:729 Enzymatic methods are useful for elucidating polysaccharide structure because they specifically cleave glycosidic bonds and do not require harsh chemical conditions. 25319363 4 30 theme biopolymer 297:306 arg1 exopolysaccharide 360:376 the first marine exopolysaccharide 343:376 the first marine exopolysaccharide (EPS) to be commercialized for cosmetic use 343:420 The high molecular weight biopolymer HYD657 produced by this strain, is the first marine exopolysaccharide (EPS) to be commercialized for cosmetic use. 25319363 4 30 theme biopolymer 297:306 arg1 HYD657 308:313 The high molecular weight biopolymer HYD657 271:313 The high molecular weight biopolymer HYD657 271:313 The high molecular weight biopolymer HYD657 produced by this strain, is the first marine exopolysaccharide (EPS) to be commercialized for cosmetic use. 25319363 8 31 theme enzymatic 898:906 arg1 depolymerization 908:923 the endogenous enzymatic depolymerization 883:923 the endogenous enzymatic depolymerization of a marine EPS of biotechnological interest by the producing strain 883:992 Here, we present the first results on the endogenous enzymatic depolymerization of a marine EPS of biotechnological interest by the producing strain. 25319363 9 32 theme apparent 1080:1087 arg1 size 1099:1102 the apparent molecular size 1076:1102 the apparent molecular size of the EPS 1076:1113 Enzymatic activity was detected in the bacterial lysate and was able to decrease the apparent molecular size of the EPS, releasing mainly oligosaccharides. 25319363 3 33 theme biovar 138:143 arg1 deepsane 145:152 fijiensis biovar deepsane 128:152 fijiensis biovar deepsane 128:152 fijiensis biovar deepsane is a deep-sea ecotype exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria isolated from the polychaete annelid Alvinella pompejana. 25319363 3 33 theme biovar 138:143 arg1 ecotype 168:174 a deep-sea ecotype 157:174 a deep-sea ecotype exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria isolated from the polychaete annelid Alvinella pompejana 157:268 fijiensis biovar deepsane is a deep-sea ecotype exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria isolated from the polychaete annelid Alvinella pompejana. 25319363 0 34 theme hydrothermal 62:73 arg1 sp 87:88 a marine hydrothermal Alteromonas sp 53:88 a marine hydrothermal Alteromonas sp 53:88 Exopolysaccharide biosynthesis and biodegradation by a marine hydrothermal Alteromonas sp. 25319363 2 35 theme macleodii 111:119 arg1 subsp 121:125 Alteromonas macleodii subsp 99:125 Alteromonas macleodii subsp. 99:126 Alteromonas macleodii subsp. 25319363 11 36 theme bacterial 1337:1345 arg1 lysate 1347:1352 the bacterial lysate 1333:1352 the bacterial lysate using paranitrophenyl-osides 1333:1381 Several exoglycosidase activities were measured in the bacterial lysate using paranitrophenyl-osides. 25319363 0 37 theme marine 55:60 arg1 sp 87:88 a marine hydrothermal Alteromonas sp 53:88 a marine hydrothermal Alteromonas sp 53:88 Exopolysaccharide biosynthesis and biodegradation by a marine hydrothermal Alteromonas sp. 25319363 2 38 theme Alteromonas 99:109 arg1 subsp 121:125 Alteromonas macleodii subsp 99:125 Alteromonas macleodii subsp. 99:126 Alteromonas macleodii subsp. 25319363 4 39 theme weight 290:295 arg1 exopolysaccharide 360:376 the first marine exopolysaccharide 343:376 the first marine exopolysaccharide (EPS) to be commercialized for cosmetic use 343:420 The high molecular weight biopolymer HYD657 produced by this strain, is the first marine exopolysaccharide (EPS) to be commercialized for cosmetic use. 25319363 4 39 theme weight 290:295 arg1 HYD657 308:313 The high molecular weight biopolymer HYD657 271:313 The high molecular weight biopolymer HYD657 271:313 The high molecular weight biopolymer HYD657 produced by this strain, is the first marine exopolysaccharide (EPS) to be commercialized for cosmetic use. 25319363 8 40 from results 872:878 arg1 depolymerization 908:923 the endogenous enzymatic depolymerization 883:923 the endogenous enzymatic depolymerization of a marine EPS of biotechnological interest by the producing strain 883:992 Here, we present the first results on the endogenous enzymatic depolymerization of a marine EPS of biotechnological interest by the producing strain. 25319363 4 41 theme cosmetic 409:416 arg1 use 418:420 cosmetic use 409:420 cosmetic use 409:420 The high molecular weight biopolymer HYD657 produced by this strain, is the first marine exopolysaccharide (EPS) to be commercialized for cosmetic use. 25319363 3 42 theme fijiensis 128:136 arg1 deepsane 145:152 fijiensis biovar deepsane 128:152 fijiensis biovar deepsane 128:152 fijiensis biovar deepsane is a deep-sea ecotype exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria isolated from the polychaete annelid Alvinella pompejana. 25319363 3 42 theme fijiensis 128:136 arg1 ecotype 168:174 a deep-sea ecotype 157:174 a deep-sea ecotype exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria isolated from the polychaete annelid Alvinella pompejana 157:268 fijiensis biovar deepsane is a deep-sea ecotype exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria isolated from the polychaete annelid Alvinella pompejana. 25319363 4 43 theme molecular 280:288 arg1 weight 290:295 high molecular weight 275:295 The high molecular weight biopolymer HYD657 271:313 The high molecular weight biopolymer HYD657 produced by this strain, is the first marine exopolysaccharide (EPS) to be commercialized for cosmetic use. 25319363 5 44 theme Depolymerization 423:438 arg1 methods 440:446 Depolymerization methods 423:446 Depolymerization methods 423:446 Depolymerization methods are necessary to elucidate the complete structure of this EPS and to generate potentially bioactive oligosaccharides. 25319363 9 45 theme Enzymatic 995:1003 arg1 activity 1005:1012 Enzymatic activity 995:1012 Enzymatic activity 995:1012 Enzymatic activity was detected in the bacterial lysate and was able to decrease the apparent molecular size of the EPS, releasing mainly oligosaccharides. 25319363 3 46 theme deep-sea 159:166 arg1 deepsane 145:152 fijiensis biovar deepsane 128:152 fijiensis biovar deepsane 128:152 fijiensis biovar deepsane is a deep-sea ecotype exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria isolated from the polychaete annelid Alvinella pompejana. 25319363 3 46 theme deep-sea 159:166 arg1 ecotype 168:174 a deep-sea ecotype 157:174 a deep-sea ecotype exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria isolated from the polychaete annelid Alvinella pompejana 157:268 fijiensis biovar deepsane is a deep-sea ecotype exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria isolated from the polychaete annelid Alvinella pompejana. 25319363 9 47 theme EPS 1111:1113 arg1 size 1099:1102 the apparent molecular size 1076:1102 the apparent molecular size of the EPS 1076:1113 Enzymatic activity was detected in the bacterial lysate and was able to decrease the apparent molecular size of the EPS, releasing mainly oligosaccharides. 25319363 10 48 theme molar 1269:1273 arg1 ratio 1275:1279 molar ratio 1269:1279 molar ratio 1269:1279 The reduced form of the native polysaccharide showed a slightly modified osidic composition, particularly in terms of molar ratio. 25319363 8 49 theme EPS 937:939 arg1 depolymerization 908:923 the endogenous enzymatic depolymerization 883:923 the endogenous enzymatic depolymerization of a marine EPS of biotechnological interest by the producing strain 883:992 Here, we present the first results on the endogenous enzymatic depolymerization of a marine EPS of biotechnological interest by the producing strain. 25319363 4 50 theme marine 353:358 arg1 EPS 379:381 EPS 379:381 EPS 379:381 The high molecular weight biopolymer HYD657 produced by this strain, is the first marine exopolysaccharide (EPS) to be commercialized for cosmetic use. 25319363 4 50 theme marine 353:358 arg1 exopolysaccharide 360:376 the first marine exopolysaccharide 343:376 the first marine exopolysaccharide (EPS) to be commercialized for cosmetic use 343:420 The high molecular weight biopolymer HYD657 produced by this strain, is the first marine exopolysaccharide (EPS) to be commercialized for cosmetic use. 25319363 4 50 theme marine 353:358 arg1 HYD657 308:313 The high molecular weight biopolymer HYD657 271:313 The high molecular weight biopolymer HYD657 271:313 The high molecular weight biopolymer HYD657 produced by this strain, is the first marine exopolysaccharide (EPS) to be commercialized for cosmetic use. 25319363 5 51 theme EPS 506:508 arg1 structure 488:496 the complete structure 475:496 the complete structure of this EPS 475:508 Depolymerization methods are necessary to elucidate the complete structure of this EPS and to generate potentially bioactive oligosaccharides. 25319363 9 52 theme molecular 1089:1097 arg1 size 1099:1102 the apparent molecular size 1076:1102 the apparent molecular size of the EPS 1076:1113 Enzymatic activity was detected in the bacterial lysate and was able to decrease the apparent molecular size of the EPS, releasing mainly oligosaccharides. 25319363 0 53 theme Alteromonas 75:85 arg1 sp 87:88 a marine hydrothermal Alteromonas sp 53:88 a marine hydrothermal Alteromonas sp 53:88 Exopolysaccharide biosynthesis and biodegradation by a marine hydrothermal Alteromonas sp. 25319363 7 54 theme HYD657 736:741 arg1 complex 763:769 complex 763:769 complex 763:769 The HYD657 EPS is structurally complex and no commercially available enzymes are able to effectively degrade it. 25319363 7 54 theme HYD657 736:741 arg1 EPS 743:745 The HYD657 EPS 732:745 The HYD657 EPS 732:745 The HYD657 EPS is structurally complex and no commercially available enzymes are able to effectively degrade it. 25319363 10 55 theme ratio 1275:1279 arg1 terms 1260:1264 terms 1260:1264 terms of molar ratio 1260:1279 The reduced form of the native polysaccharide showed a slightly modified osidic composition, particularly in terms of molar ratio. 25319363 8 56 theme marine 930:935 arg1 EPS 937:939 a marine EPS 928:939 a marine EPS of biotechnological interest 928:968 Here, we present the first results on the endogenous enzymatic depolymerization of a marine EPS of biotechnological interest by the producing strain. 25439882 4 0 theme obtained 682:689 arg1 results 691:697 The obtained results 678:697 The obtained results 678:697 The obtained results revealed that, the HAp nanoparticles was well dispersed and well immobilized throughout the formed films. 25439882 7 1 theme thermal 992:998 arg1 stability 1000:1008 good thermal stability 987:1008 good thermal stability 987:1008 The results showed also good thermal stability and miscibility as well. 25439882 1 2 theme inorganic-organic 147:163 arg1 film 165:168 a new inorganic-organic film 141:168 a new inorganic-organic film 141:168 The main aim of this research work was to develop a new inorganic-organic film. 25439882 6 3 dep HAp 942:944 arg1 matrix 955:960 matrix 955:960 matrix 955:960 In addition, a strong interaction occurred between HAp and HECA matrix. 25439882 5 4 theme micropores 857:866 arg1 role 835:838 the role 831:838 the role of the nano- and micropores in the HECA substrate 831:888 This can be attributed to the role of the nano- and micropores in the HECA substrate. 25439882 3 5 theme scanning 553:560 arg1 Fourier 628:634 Fourier 628:634 Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy 628:675 The structure as well as the properties of the formed films were characterized using different analytical tools such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. 25439882 3 5 theme scanning 553:560 arg1 analysis 612:619 thermo-gravimetric analysis 593:619 thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) 593:625 The structure as well as the properties of the formed films were characterized using different analytical tools such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. 25439882 3 5 theme scanning 553:560 arg1 FEG-SEM 583:589 FEG-SEM 583:589 FEG-SEM 583:589 The structure as well as the properties of the formed films were characterized using different analytical tools such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. 25439882 3 5 theme scanning 553:560 arg1 microscopy 571:580 field emission scanning electron microscopy 538:580 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) 538:590 The structure as well as the properties of the formed films were characterized using different analytical tools such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. 25439882 4 6 theme HAp 718:720 arg1 nanoparticles 722:734 the HAp nanoparticles 714:734 the HAp nanoparticles 714:734 The obtained results revealed that, the HAp nanoparticles was well dispersed and well immobilized throughout the formed films. 25439882 3 7 theme field 538:542 arg1 Fourier 628:634 Fourier 628:634 Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy 628:675 The structure as well as the properties of the formed films were characterized using different analytical tools such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. 25439882 3 7 theme field 538:542 arg1 analysis 612:619 thermo-gravimetric analysis 593:619 thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) 593:625 The structure as well as the properties of the formed films were characterized using different analytical tools such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. 25439882 3 7 theme field 538:542 arg1 FEG-SEM 583:589 FEG-SEM 583:589 FEG-SEM 583:589 The structure as well as the properties of the formed films were characterized using different analytical tools such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. 25439882 3 7 theme field 538:542 arg1 microscopy 571:580 field emission scanning electron microscopy 538:580 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) 538:590 The structure as well as the properties of the formed films were characterized using different analytical tools such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. 25439882 3 8 theme formed 465:470 arg1 films 472:476 the formed films 461:476 the formed films 461:476 The structure as well as the properties of the formed films were characterized using different analytical tools such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. 25439882 3 9 theme films 472:476 arg1 properties 447:456 the properties 443:456 The structure as well as the properties of the formed films 418:476 The structure as well as the properties of the formed films were characterized using different analytical tools such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. 25439882 3 9 theme films 472:476 arg1 structure 422:430 The structure 418:430 The structure as well as the properties of the formed films 418:476 The structure as well as the properties of the formed films were characterized using different analytical tools such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. 25439882 1 10 theme main 95:98 arg1 aim 100:102 The main aim 91:102 The main aim of this research work 91:124 The main aim of this research work was to develop a new inorganic-organic film. 25439882 3 11 theme analytical 513:522 arg1 tools 524:528 different analytical tools 503:528 different analytical tools such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy 503:675 The structure as well as the properties of the formed films were characterized using different analytical tools such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. 25439882 3 11 theme analytical 513:522 arg1 microscopy 571:580 field emission scanning electron microscopy 538:580 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) 538:590 The structure as well as the properties of the formed films were characterized using different analytical tools such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. 25439882 3 12 theme electron 562:569 arg1 Fourier 628:634 Fourier 628:634 Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy 628:675 The structure as well as the properties of the formed films were characterized using different analytical tools such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. 25439882 3 12 theme electron 562:569 arg1 analysis 612:619 thermo-gravimetric analysis 593:619 thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) 593:625 The structure as well as the properties of the formed films were characterized using different analytical tools such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. 25439882 3 12 theme electron 562:569 arg1 FEG-SEM 583:589 FEG-SEM 583:589 FEG-SEM 583:589 The structure as well as the properties of the formed films were characterized using different analytical tools such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. 25439882 3 12 theme electron 562:569 arg1 microscopy 571:580 field emission scanning electron microscopy 538:580 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) 538:590 The structure as well as the properties of the formed films were characterized using different analytical tools such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. 25439882 5 13 theme nano- 847:851 arg1 role 835:838 the role 831:838 the role of the nano- and micropores in the HECA substrate 831:888 This can be attributed to the role of the nano- and micropores in the HECA substrate. 25439882 4 14 theme formed 791:796 arg1 films 798:802 the formed films 787:802 the formed films 787:802 The obtained results revealed that, the HAp nanoparticles was well dispersed and well immobilized throughout the formed films. 25439882 5 15 theme HECA 875:878 arg1 substrate 880:888 the HECA substrate 871:888 the HECA substrate 871:888 This can be attributed to the role of the nano- and micropores in the HECA substrate. 25439882 3 16 theme emission 544:551 arg1 Fourier 628:634 Fourier 628:634 Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy 628:675 The structure as well as the properties of the formed films were characterized using different analytical tools such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. 25439882 3 16 theme emission 544:551 arg1 analysis 612:619 thermo-gravimetric analysis 593:619 thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) 593:625 The structure as well as the properties of the formed films were characterized using different analytical tools such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. 25439882 3 16 theme emission 544:551 arg1 FEG-SEM 583:589 FEG-SEM 583:589 FEG-SEM 583:589 The structure as well as the properties of the formed films were characterized using different analytical tools such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. 25439882 3 16 theme emission 544:551 arg1 microscopy 571:580 field emission scanning electron microscopy 538:580 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) 538:590 The structure as well as the properties of the formed films were characterized using different analytical tools such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. 25439882 2 17 theme HAp 188:190 arg1 particles 193:201 Hydroxyapaptite (HAp) particles 171:201 Hydroxyapaptite (HAp) particles that represent the inorganic phase 171:236 Hydroxyapaptite (HAp) particles that represent the inorganic phase was mixed well with hydroxyethyl cellulose acetate (HECA), which representing the organic phase and then the inorganic-organic films were fabricated by evaporating of the solvent. 25439882 1 18 theme research 112:119 arg1 work 121:124 this research work 107:124 this research work 107:124 The main aim of this research work was to develop a new inorganic-organic film. 25439882 2 19 theme solvent 409:415 arg1 evaporating 390:400 evaporating 390:400 evaporating of the solvent 390:415 Hydroxyapaptite (HAp) particles that represent the inorganic phase was mixed well with hydroxyethyl cellulose acetate (HECA), which representing the organic phase and then the inorganic-organic films were fabricated by evaporating of the solvent. 25439882 0 20 theme cellulose 56:64 arg1 films 84:88 hydroxyapatite/hydroxyethyl cellulose acetate composite films 28:88 hydroxyapatite/hydroxyethyl cellulose acetate composite films 28:88 Structure and properties of hydroxyapatite/hydroxyethyl cellulose acetate composite films. 25439882 0 21 theme hydroxyapatite/hydroxyethyl 28:54 arg1 films 84:88 hydroxyapatite/hydroxyethyl cellulose acetate composite films 28:88 hydroxyapatite/hydroxyethyl cellulose acetate composite films 28:88 Structure and properties of hydroxyapatite/hydroxyethyl cellulose acetate composite films. 25439882 6 22 theme strong 906:911 arg1 interaction 913:923 a strong interaction 904:923 a strong interaction 904:923 In addition, a strong interaction occurred between HAp and HECA matrix. 25439882 2 23 theme Hydroxyapaptite 171:185 arg1 particles 193:201 Hydroxyapaptite (HAp) particles 171:201 Hydroxyapaptite (HAp) particles that represent the inorganic phase 171:236 Hydroxyapaptite (HAp) particles that represent the inorganic phase was mixed well with hydroxyethyl cellulose acetate (HECA), which representing the organic phase and then the inorganic-organic films were fabricated by evaporating of the solvent. 25439882 0 24 theme composite 74:82 arg1 films 84:88 hydroxyapatite/hydroxyethyl cellulose acetate composite films 28:88 hydroxyapatite/hydroxyethyl cellulose acetate composite films 28:88 Structure and properties of hydroxyapatite/hydroxyethyl cellulose acetate composite films. 25439882 2 25 theme inorganic 222:230 arg1 phase 232:236 the inorganic phase 218:236 the inorganic phase 218:236 Hydroxyapaptite (HAp) particles that represent the inorganic phase was mixed well with hydroxyethyl cellulose acetate (HECA), which representing the organic phase and then the inorganic-organic films were fabricated by evaporating of the solvent. 25439882 1 26 theme work 121:124 arg1 aim 100:102 The main aim 91:102 The main aim of this research work 91:124 The main aim of this research work was to develop a new inorganic-organic film. 25439882 0 27 theme acetate 66:72 arg1 films 84:88 hydroxyapatite/hydroxyethyl cellulose acetate composite films 28:88 hydroxyapatite/hydroxyethyl cellulose acetate composite films 28:88 Structure and properties of hydroxyapatite/hydroxyethyl cellulose acetate composite films. 25439882 3 28 theme FT-IR 657:661 arg1 spectroscopy 664:675 infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy 646:675 infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy 646:675 The structure as well as the properties of the formed films were characterized using different analytical tools such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. 25439882 7 29 theme good 987:990 arg1 stability 1000:1008 good thermal stability 987:1008 good thermal stability 987:1008 The results showed also good thermal stability and miscibility as well. 25439882 2 30 theme hydroxyethyl 258:269 arg1 HECA 290:293 HECA 290:293 HECA 290:293 Hydroxyapaptite (HAp) particles that represent the inorganic phase was mixed well with hydroxyethyl cellulose acetate (HECA), which representing the organic phase and then the inorganic-organic films were fabricated by evaporating of the solvent. 25439882 2 30 theme hydroxyethyl 258:269 arg1 acetate 281:287 hydroxyethyl cellulose acetate 258:287 hydroxyethyl cellulose acetate (HECA) 258:294 Hydroxyapaptite (HAp) particles that represent the inorganic phase was mixed well with hydroxyethyl cellulose acetate (HECA), which representing the organic phase and then the inorganic-organic films were fabricated by evaporating of the solvent. 25439882 2 31 theme organic 320:326 arg1 phase 328:332 the organic phase 316:332 the organic phase 316:332 Hydroxyapaptite (HAp) particles that represent the inorganic phase was mixed well with hydroxyethyl cellulose acetate (HECA), which representing the organic phase and then the inorganic-organic films were fabricated by evaporating of the solvent. 25439882 2 32 theme cellulose 271:279 arg1 HECA 290:293 HECA 290:293 HECA 290:293 Hydroxyapaptite (HAp) particles that represent the inorganic phase was mixed well with hydroxyethyl cellulose acetate (HECA), which representing the organic phase and then the inorganic-organic films were fabricated by evaporating of the solvent. 25439882 2 32 theme cellulose 271:279 arg1 acetate 281:287 hydroxyethyl cellulose acetate 258:287 hydroxyethyl cellulose acetate (HECA) 258:294 Hydroxyapaptite (HAp) particles that represent the inorganic phase was mixed well with hydroxyethyl cellulose acetate (HECA), which representing the organic phase and then the inorganic-organic films were fabricated by evaporating of the solvent. 25439882 3 33 theme infra-red 646:654 arg1 spectroscopy 664:675 infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy 646:675 infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy 646:675 The structure as well as the properties of the formed films were characterized using different analytical tools such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. 25439882 1 34 theme new 143:145 arg1 film 165:168 a new inorganic-organic film 141:168 a new inorganic-organic film 141:168 The main aim of this research work was to develop a new inorganic-organic film. 25439882 2 35 dep representing 303:314 arg1 fabricated 376:385 fabricated 376:385 were fabricated by evaporating of the solvent 371:415 Hydroxyapaptite (HAp) particles that represent the inorganic phase was mixed well with hydroxyethyl cellulose acetate (HECA), which representing the organic phase and then the inorganic-organic films were fabricated by evaporating of the solvent. 25439882 3 36 theme thermo-gravimetric 593:610 arg1 analysis 612:619 thermo-gravimetric analysis 593:619 thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) 593:625 The structure as well as the properties of the formed films were characterized using different analytical tools such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. 25439882 3 36 theme thermo-gravimetric 593:610 arg1 microscopy 571:580 field emission scanning electron microscopy 538:580 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) 538:590 The structure as well as the properties of the formed films were characterized using different analytical tools such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. 25439882 3 36 theme thermo-gravimetric 593:610 arg1 TGA 622:624 TGA 622:624 TGA 622:624 The structure as well as the properties of the formed films were characterized using different analytical tools such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. 25439882 3 37 theme different 503:511 arg1 tools 524:528 different analytical tools 503:528 different analytical tools such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy 503:675 The structure as well as the properties of the formed films were characterized using different analytical tools such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. 25439882 3 37 theme different 503:511 arg1 microscopy 571:580 field emission scanning electron microscopy 538:580 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) 538:590 The structure as well as the properties of the formed films were characterized using different analytical tools such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. 25439882 3 38 dep Fourier 628:634 arg1 transform 636:644 transform 636:644 transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy 636:675 The structure as well as the properties of the formed films were characterized using different analytical tools such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. 25439882 0 39 theme films 84:88 arg1 properties 14:23 properties 14:23 properties 14:23 Structure and properties of hydroxyapatite/hydroxyethyl cellulose acetate composite films. 25439882 0 39 theme films 84:88 arg1 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure and properties of hydroxyapatite/hydroxyethyl cellulose acetate composite films. 25439882 5 40 from role 835:838 arg1 substrate 880:888 the HECA substrate 871:888 the HECA substrate 871:888 This can be attributed to the role of the nano- and micropores in the HECA substrate. 25439882 2 41 theme inorganic-organic 347:363 arg1 films 365:369 the inorganic-organic films 343:369 the inorganic-organic films 343:369 Hydroxyapaptite (HAp) particles that represent the inorganic phase was mixed well with hydroxyethyl cellulose acetate (HECA), which representing the organic phase and then the inorganic-organic films were fabricated by evaporating of the solvent. 24657866 6 0 dep efficiency 881:890 arg1 14-fold 893:899 14-fold 893:899 14-fold 893:899 Compared with XynA-Tr, XynA exhibited improved specific activity (12-fold) and catalytic efficiency (14-fold), a higher temperature optimum (50°C versus 45°C), and broader ranges of temperature and pH optima (pH 5.0 to 7.5 and 40 to 60°C versus pH 5.5 to 6.5 and 40 to 50°C). 24657866 1 1 theme high 278:281 arg1 capacity 293:300 a high catalytic capacity 276:300 a high catalytic capacity 276:300 Efficient degradation of plant polysaccharides in rumen requires xylanolytic enzymes with a high catalytic capacity. 24657866 6 2 theme catalytic 871:879 arg1 efficiency 881:890 catalytic efficiency 871:890 catalytic efficiency (14-fold) 871:900 Compared with XynA-Tr, XynA exhibited improved specific activity (12-fold) and catalytic efficiency (14-fold), a higher temperature optimum (50°C versus 45°C), and broader ranges of temperature and pH optima (pH 5.0 to 7.5 and 40 to 60°C versus pH 5.5 to 6.5 and 40 to 50°C). 24657866 3 3 theme extra 517:521 arg1 sequence 547:554 an extra C-terminal proline-rich sequence 514:554 an extra C-terminal proline-rich sequence without a homolog 514:572 The deduced XynA sequence contains a putative signal peptide, a catalytic motif of glycoside hydrolase family 10 (GH10), and an extra C-terminal proline-rich sequence without a homolog. 24657866 10 4 contain had 1527:1529 arg2 affinity 1541:1548 a greater affinity 1531:1548 a greater affinity 1531:1548 However, it contained more α helices and had a greater affinity and catalytic efficiency toward xylooligosaccharides, which benefited complete substrate degradation. 24657866 10 4 contain had 1527:1529 arg1 it 1495:1496 it 1495:1496 it 1495:1496 However, it contained more α helices and had a greater affinity and catalytic efficiency toward xylooligosaccharides, which benefited complete substrate degradation. 24657866 10 4 contain had 1527:1529 arg2 efficiency 1564:1573 catalytic efficiency 1554:1573 catalytic efficiency 1554:1573 However, it contained more α helices and had a greater affinity and catalytic efficiency toward xylooligosaccharides, which benefited complete substrate degradation. 24657866 10 5 theme complete 1620:1627 arg1 degradation 1639:1649 complete substrate degradation 1620:1649 complete substrate degradation 1620:1649 However, it contained more α helices and had a greater affinity and catalytic efficiency toward xylooligosaccharides, which benefited complete substrate degradation. 24657866 1 6 theme Efficient 186:194 arg1 degradation 196:206 Efficient degradation 186:206 Efficient degradation of plant polysaccharides in rumen 186:240 Efficient degradation of plant polysaccharides in rumen requires xylanolytic enzymes with a high catalytic capacity. 24657866 11 7 theme C-terminal 1691:1700 arg1 sequence 1702:1709 the C-terminal sequence 1687:1709 the C-terminal sequence 1687:1709 Similar results were obtained when the C-terminal sequence was fused to another GH10 xylanase from sheep rumen. 24657866 2 8 theme full-length 320:330 arg1 xynA 347:350 xynA 347:350 xynA 347:350 In this study, a full-length xylanase gene (xynA) was retrieved from the sheep rumen. 24657866 2 8 theme full-length 320:330 arg1 gene 341:344 a full-length xylanase gene 318:344 a full-length xylanase gene (xynA) 318:351 In this study, a full-length xylanase gene (xynA) was retrieved from the sheep rumen. 24657866 6 9 dep 50°C 1061:1064 arg1 to 1058:1059 to 1058:1059 to 1058:1059 Compared with XynA-Tr, XynA exhibited improved specific activity (12-fold) and catalytic efficiency (14-fold), a higher temperature optimum (50°C versus 45°C), and broader ranges of temperature and pH optima (pH 5.0 to 7.5 and 40 to 60°C versus pH 5.5 to 6.5 and 40 to 50°C). 24657866 3 10 theme proline-rich 534:545 arg1 sequence 547:554 an extra C-terminal proline-rich sequence 514:554 an extra C-terminal proline-rich sequence without a homolog 514:572 The deduced XynA sequence contains a putative signal peptide, a catalytic motif of glycoside hydrolase family 10 (GH10), and an extra C-terminal proline-rich sequence without a homolog. 24657866 1 11 theme polysaccharides 217:231 arg1 degradation 196:206 Efficient degradation 186:206 Efficient degradation of plant polysaccharides in rumen 186:240 Efficient degradation of plant polysaccharides in rumen requires xylanolytic enzymes with a high catalytic capacity. 24657866 6 12 theme temperature 912:922 arg1 optimum 924:930 a higher temperature optimum 903:930 a higher temperature optimum (50°C versus 45°C) 903:949 Compared with XynA-Tr, XynA exhibited improved specific activity (12-fold) and catalytic efficiency (14-fold), a higher temperature optimum (50°C versus 45°C), and broader ranges of temperature and pH optima (pH 5.0 to 7.5 and 40 to 60°C versus pH 5.5 to 6.5 and 40 to 50°C). 24657866 3 13 theme putative 426:433 arg1 peptide 442:448 a putative signal peptide 424:448 a putative signal peptide 424:448 The deduced XynA sequence contains a putative signal peptide, a catalytic motif of glycoside hydrolase family 10 (GH10), and an extra C-terminal proline-rich sequence without a homolog. 24657866 0 14 theme glycosyl 138:145 arg1 xylanases 175:183 glycosyl hydrolase family 10 ruminal xylanases 138:183 glycosyl hydrolase family 10 ruminal xylanases 138:183 A C-terminal proline-rich sequence simultaneously broadens the optimal temperature and pH ranges and improves the catalytic efficiency of glycosyl hydrolase family 10 ruminal xylanases. 24657866 8 15 theme titration 1333:1341 arg1 ITC 1356:1358 ITC 1356:1358 ITC 1356:1358 The underlying mechanisms responsible for these changes were analyzed by substrate binding assay, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and xylooligosaccharide hydrolysis. 24657866 8 15 theme titration 1333:1341 arg1 calorimetry 1343:1353 isothermal titration calorimetry 1322:1353 isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) 1322:1359 The underlying mechanisms responsible for these changes were analyzed by substrate binding assay, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and xylooligosaccharide hydrolysis. 24657866 0 16 theme family 157:162 arg1 xylanases 175:183 glycosyl hydrolase family 10 ruminal xylanases 138:183 glycosyl hydrolase family 10 ruminal xylanases 138:183 A C-terminal proline-rich sequence simultaneously broadens the optimal temperature and pH ranges and improves the catalytic efficiency of glycosyl hydrolase family 10 ruminal xylanases. 24657866 0 17 theme ruminal 167:173 arg1 xylanases 175:183 glycosyl hydrolase family 10 ruminal xylanases 138:183 glycosyl hydrolase family 10 ruminal xylanases 138:183 A C-terminal proline-rich sequence simultaneously broadens the optimal temperature and pH ranges and improves the catalytic efficiency of glycosyl hydrolase family 10 ruminal xylanases. 24657866 1 18 from degradation 196:206 arg1 rumen 236:240 rumen 236:240 rumen 236:240 Efficient degradation of plant polysaccharides in rumen requires xylanolytic enzymes with a high catalytic capacity. 24657866 8 19 theme underlying 1190:1199 arg1 mechanisms 1201:1210 The underlying mechanisms 1186:1210 The underlying mechanisms responsible for these changes 1186:1240 The underlying mechanisms responsible for these changes were analyzed by substrate binding assay, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and xylooligosaccharide hydrolysis. 24657866 5 20 theme significant 733:743 arg1 effects 745:751 significant effects 733:751 significant effects 733:751 The C-terminal oligopeptide had significant effects on the function and structure of XynA. 24657866 8 21 theme responsible 1212:1222 arg1 mechanisms 1201:1210 The underlying mechanisms 1186:1210 The underlying mechanisms responsible for these changes 1186:1240 The underlying mechanisms responsible for these changes were analyzed by substrate binding assay, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and xylooligosaccharide hydrolysis. 24657866 0 22 theme pH 87:88 arg1 ranges 90:95 pH ranges 87:95 pH ranges 87:95 A C-terminal proline-rich sequence simultaneously broadens the optimal temperature and pH ranges and improves the catalytic efficiency of glycosyl hydrolase family 10 ruminal xylanases. 24657866 5 23 contain had 729:731 arg1 oligopeptide 716:727 The C-terminal oligopeptide 701:727 The C-terminal oligopeptide 701:727 The C-terminal oligopeptide had significant effects on the function and structure of XynA. 24657866 5 23 contain had 729:731 arg2 effects 745:751 significant effects 733:751 significant effects 733:751 The C-terminal oligopeptide had significant effects on the function and structure of XynA. 24657866 11 24 theme Similar 1652:1658 arg1 results 1660:1666 Similar results 1652:1666 Similar results 1652:1666 Similar results were obtained when the C-terminal sequence was fused to another GH10 xylanase from sheep rumen. 24657866 6 25 dep optima 993:998 arg1 pH 1001:1002 pH 5.0 to 7.5 and 40 to 60°C 1001:1028 pH 5.0 to 7.5 and 40 to 60°C 1001:1028 Compared with XynA-Tr, XynA exhibited improved specific activity (12-fold) and catalytic efficiency (14-fold), a higher temperature optimum (50°C versus 45°C), and broader ranges of temperature and pH optima (pH 5.0 to 7.5 and 40 to 60°C versus pH 5.5 to 6.5 and 40 to 50°C). 24657866 6 25 dep optima 993:998 arg1 pH 1037:1038 pH 5.5 to 6.5 and 40 to 50°C 1037:1064 pH 5.5 to 6.5 and 40 to 50°C 1037:1064 Compared with XynA-Tr, XynA exhibited improved specific activity (12-fold) and catalytic efficiency (14-fold), a higher temperature optimum (50°C versus 45°C), and broader ranges of temperature and pH optima (pH 5.0 to 7.5 and 40 to 60°C versus pH 5.5 to 6.5 and 40 to 50°C). 24657866 3 26 theme signal 435:440 arg1 peptide 442:448 a putative signal peptide 424:448 a putative signal peptide 424:448 The deduced XynA sequence contains a putative signal peptide, a catalytic motif of glycoside hydrolase family 10 (GH10), and an extra C-terminal proline-rich sequence without a homolog. 24657866 6 27 dep pH 1001:1002 arg1 to 1008:1009 to 1008:1009 to 1008:1009 Compared with XynA-Tr, XynA exhibited improved specific activity (12-fold) and catalytic efficiency (14-fold), a higher temperature optimum (50°C versus 45°C), and broader ranges of temperature and pH optima (pH 5.0 to 7.5 and 40 to 60°C versus pH 5.5 to 6.5 and 40 to 50°C). 24657866 10 28 theme α 1513:1513 arg1 helices 1515:1521 more α helices 1508:1521 more α helices 1508:1521 However, it contained more α helices and had a greater affinity and catalytic efficiency toward xylooligosaccharides, which benefited complete substrate degradation. 24657866 5 29 theme XynA 786:789 arg1 structure 773:781 structure 773:781 structure 773:781 The C-terminal oligopeptide had significant effects on the function and structure of XynA. 24657866 5 29 theme XynA 786:789 arg1 function 760:767 function 760:767 function 760:767 The C-terminal oligopeptide had significant effects on the function and structure of XynA. 24657866 12 30 theme engineering 1786:1796 arg1 strategy 1798:1805 an engineering strategy 1783:1805 an engineering strategy to improve the catalytic performance of enzymes 1783:1853 This study reveals an engineering strategy to improve the catalytic performance of enzymes. 24657866 11 31 from sheep 1751:1755 arg1 xylanase 1737:1744 another GH10 xylanase 1724:1744 another GH10 xylanase from sheep rumen 1724:1761 Similar results were obtained when the C-terminal sequence was fused to another GH10 xylanase from sheep rumen. 24657866 8 32 theme binding 1269:1275 arg1 assay 1277:1281 substrate binding assay 1259:1281 substrate binding assay 1259:1281 The underlying mechanisms responsible for these changes were analyzed by substrate binding assay, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and xylooligosaccharide hydrolysis. 24657866 3 33 theme catalytic 453:461 arg1 motif 463:467 a catalytic motif 451:467 a catalytic motif of glycoside hydrolase family 10 (GH10) 451:507 The deduced XynA sequence contains a putative signal peptide, a catalytic motif of glycoside hydrolase family 10 (GH10), and an extra C-terminal proline-rich sequence without a homolog. 24657866 0 34 theme proline-rich 13:24 arg1 sequence 26:33 A C-terminal proline-rich sequence 0:33 A C-terminal proline-rich sequence 0:33 A C-terminal proline-rich sequence simultaneously broadens the optimal temperature and pH ranges and improves the catalytic efficiency of glycosyl hydrolase family 10 ruminal xylanases. 24657866 9 35 theme soluble 1447:1453 arg1 polysaccharides 1469:1483 the tested soluble and insoluble polysaccharides 1436:1483 the tested soluble and insoluble polysaccharides 1436:1483 XynA had no ability to bind to any of the tested soluble and insoluble polysaccharides. 24657866 6 36 theme pH 990:991 arg1 optima 993:998 pH optima 990:998 pH optima (pH 5.0 to 7.5 and 40 to 60°C versus pH 5.5 to 6.5 and 40 to 50°C) 990:1065 Compared with XynA-Tr, XynA exhibited improved specific activity (12-fold) and catalytic efficiency (14-fold), a higher temperature optimum (50°C versus 45°C), and broader ranges of temperature and pH optima (pH 5.0 to 7.5 and 40 to 60°C versus pH 5.5 to 6.5 and 40 to 50°C). 24657866 6 37 theme improved 830:837 arg1 activity 848:855 improved specific activity 830:855 improved specific activity (12-fold) 830:865 Compared with XynA-Tr, XynA exhibited improved specific activity (12-fold) and catalytic efficiency (14-fold), a higher temperature optimum (50°C versus 45°C), and broader ranges of temperature and pH optima (pH 5.0 to 7.5 and 40 to 60°C versus pH 5.5 to 6.5 and 40 to 50°C). 24657866 9 38 theme insoluble 1459:1467 arg1 polysaccharides 1469:1483 the tested soluble and insoluble polysaccharides 1436:1483 the tested soluble and insoluble polysaccharides 1436:1483 XynA had no ability to bind to any of the tested soluble and insoluble polysaccharides. 24657866 6 39 theme temperature 974:984 arg1 efficiency 881:890 catalytic efficiency 871:890 catalytic efficiency (14-fold) 871:900 Compared with XynA-Tr, XynA exhibited improved specific activity (12-fold) and catalytic efficiency (14-fold), a higher temperature optimum (50°C versus 45°C), and broader ranges of temperature and pH optima (pH 5.0 to 7.5 and 40 to 60°C versus pH 5.5 to 6.5 and 40 to 50°C). 24657866 6 39 theme temperature 974:984 arg1 ranges 964:969 broader ranges 956:969 broader ranges of temperature and pH optima (pH 5.0 to 7.5 and 40 to 60°C versus pH 5.5 to 6.5 and 40 to 50°C) 956:1065 Compared with XynA-Tr, XynA exhibited improved specific activity (12-fold) and catalytic efficiency (14-fold), a higher temperature optimum (50°C versus 45°C), and broader ranges of temperature and pH optima (pH 5.0 to 7.5 and 40 to 60°C versus pH 5.5 to 6.5 and 40 to 50°C). 24657866 6 39 theme temperature 974:984 arg1 optimum 924:930 a higher temperature optimum 903:930 a higher temperature optimum (50°C versus 45°C) 903:949 Compared with XynA-Tr, XynA exhibited improved specific activity (12-fold) and catalytic efficiency (14-fold), a higher temperature optimum (50°C versus 45°C), and broader ranges of temperature and pH optima (pH 5.0 to 7.5 and 40 to 60°C versus pH 5.5 to 6.5 and 40 to 50°C). 24657866 6 39 theme temperature 974:984 arg1 activity 848:855 improved specific activity 830:855 improved specific activity (12-fold) 830:865 Compared with XynA-Tr, XynA exhibited improved specific activity (12-fold) and catalytic efficiency (14-fold), a higher temperature optimum (50°C versus 45°C), and broader ranges of temperature and pH optima (pH 5.0 to 7.5 and 40 to 60°C versus pH 5.5 to 6.5 and 40 to 50°C). 24657866 3 40 theme deduced 393:399 arg1 sequence 406:413 The deduced XynA sequence 389:413 The deduced XynA sequence 389:413 The deduced XynA sequence contains a putative signal peptide, a catalytic motif of glycoside hydrolase family 10 (GH10), and an extra C-terminal proline-rich sequence without a homolog. 24657866 8 41 theme dichroism 1293:1301 arg1 spectroscopy 1308:1319 circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy 1284:1319 circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy 1284:1319 The underlying mechanisms responsible for these changes were analyzed by substrate binding assay, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and xylooligosaccharide hydrolysis. 24657866 3 42 theme hydrolase 482:490 arg1 family 492:497 glycoside hydrolase family 10 472:500 glycoside hydrolase family 10 (GH10) 472:507 The deduced XynA sequence contains a putative signal peptide, a catalytic motif of glycoside hydrolase family 10 (GH10), and an extra C-terminal proline-rich sequence without a homolog. 24657866 3 42 theme hydrolase 482:490 arg1 GH10 503:506 GH10 503:506 GH10 503:506 The deduced XynA sequence contains a putative signal peptide, a catalytic motif of glycoside hydrolase family 10 (GH10), and an extra C-terminal proline-rich sequence without a homolog. 24657866 9 43 contain had 1403:1405 arg2 ability 1410:1416 no ability to bind to any of the tested soluble and insoluble polysaccharides 1407:1483 no ability to bind to any of the tested soluble and insoluble polysaccharides 1407:1483 XynA had no ability to bind to any of the tested soluble and insoluble polysaccharides. 24657866 9 43 contain had 1403:1405 arg1 XynA 1398:1401 XynA 1398:1401 XynA 1398:1401 XynA had no ability to bind to any of the tested soluble and insoluble polysaccharides. 24657866 10 44 theme catalytic 1554:1562 arg1 efficiency 1564:1573 catalytic efficiency 1554:1573 catalytic efficiency 1554:1573 However, it contained more α helices and had a greater affinity and catalytic efficiency toward xylooligosaccharides, which benefited complete substrate degradation. 24657866 1 45 with enzymes 263:269 arg1 capacity 293:300 a high catalytic capacity 276:300 a high catalytic capacity 276:300 Efficient degradation of plant polysaccharides in rumen requires xylanolytic enzymes with a high catalytic capacity. 24657866 10 46 contain contained 1498:1506 arg1 it 1495:1496 it 1495:1496 it 1495:1496 However, it contained more α helices and had a greater affinity and catalytic efficiency toward xylooligosaccharides, which benefited complete substrate degradation. 24657866 10 46 contain contained 1498:1506 arg2 helices 1515:1521 more α helices 1508:1521 more α helices 1508:1521 However, it contained more α helices and had a greater affinity and catalytic efficiency toward xylooligosaccharides, which benefited complete substrate degradation. 24657866 7 47 theme wood 1134:1137 arg1 substrate 1175:1183 the substrate 1171:1183 the substrate 1171:1183 Moreover, XynA released more xylose than XynA-Tr when using beech wood xylan and wheat arabinoxylan as the substrate. 24657866 7 47 theme wood 1134:1137 arg1 xylan 1139:1143 beech wood xylan 1128:1143 beech wood xylan 1128:1143 Moreover, XynA released more xylose than XynA-Tr when using beech wood xylan and wheat arabinoxylan as the substrate. 24657866 7 47 theme wood 1134:1137 arg1 arabinoxylan 1155:1166 wheat arabinoxylan 1149:1166 wheat arabinoxylan 1149:1166 Moreover, XynA released more xylose than XynA-Tr when using beech wood xylan and wheat arabinoxylan as the substrate. 24657866 1 48 theme catalytic 283:291 arg1 capacity 293:300 a high catalytic capacity 276:300 a high catalytic capacity 276:300 Efficient degradation of plant polysaccharides in rumen requires xylanolytic enzymes with a high catalytic capacity. 24657866 3 49 contain contains 415:422 arg2 motif 463:467 a catalytic motif 451:467 a catalytic motif of glycoside hydrolase family 10 (GH10) 451:507 The deduced XynA sequence contains a putative signal peptide, a catalytic motif of glycoside hydrolase family 10 (GH10), and an extra C-terminal proline-rich sequence without a homolog. 24657866 3 49 contain contains 415:422 arg2 peptide 442:448 a putative signal peptide 424:448 a putative signal peptide 424:448 The deduced XynA sequence contains a putative signal peptide, a catalytic motif of glycoside hydrolase family 10 (GH10), and an extra C-terminal proline-rich sequence without a homolog. 24657866 3 49 contain contains 415:422 arg2 sequence 547:554 an extra C-terminal proline-rich sequence 514:554 an extra C-terminal proline-rich sequence without a homolog 514:572 The deduced XynA sequence contains a putative signal peptide, a catalytic motif of glycoside hydrolase family 10 (GH10), and an extra C-terminal proline-rich sequence without a homolog. 24657866 3 49 contain contains 415:422 arg1 sequence 406:413 The deduced XynA sequence 389:413 The deduced XynA sequence 389:413 The deduced XynA sequence contains a putative signal peptide, a catalytic motif of glycoside hydrolase family 10 (GH10), and an extra C-terminal proline-rich sequence without a homolog. 24657866 10 50 theme substrate 1629:1637 arg1 degradation 1639:1649 complete substrate degradation 1620:1649 complete substrate degradation 1620:1649 However, it contained more α helices and had a greater affinity and catalytic efficiency toward xylooligosaccharides, which benefited complete substrate degradation. 24657866 2 51 theme xylanase 332:339 arg1 xynA 347:350 xynA 347:350 xynA 347:350 In this study, a full-length xylanase gene (xynA) was retrieved from the sheep rumen. 24657866 2 51 theme xylanase 332:339 arg1 gene 341:344 a full-length xylanase gene 318:344 a full-length xylanase gene (xynA) 318:351 In this study, a full-length xylanase gene (xynA) was retrieved from the sheep rumen. 24657866 5 52 dep function 760:767 arg1 the 756:758 the 756:758 the 756:758 The C-terminal oligopeptide had significant effects on the function and structure of XynA. 24657866 4 53 theme terminus-truncated 629:646 arg1 XynA-Tr 656:662 XynA-Tr 656:662 XynA-Tr 656:662 To determine its function, both mature XynA and its C terminus-truncated mutant, XynA-Tr, were expressed in Escherichia coli. 24657866 4 53 theme terminus-truncated 629:646 arg1 mutant 648:653 its C terminus-truncated mutant 623:653 its C terminus-truncated mutant 623:653 To determine its function, both mature XynA and its C terminus-truncated mutant, XynA-Tr, were expressed in Escherichia coli. 24657866 3 54 theme C-terminal 523:532 arg1 sequence 547:554 an extra C-terminal proline-rich sequence 514:554 an extra C-terminal proline-rich sequence without a homolog 514:572 The deduced XynA sequence contains a putative signal peptide, a catalytic motif of glycoside hydrolase family 10 (GH10), and an extra C-terminal proline-rich sequence without a homolog. 24657866 1 55 theme plant 211:215 arg1 polysaccharides 217:231 plant polysaccharides 211:231 plant polysaccharides 211:231 Efficient degradation of plant polysaccharides in rumen requires xylanolytic enzymes with a high catalytic capacity. 24657866 8 56 theme isothermal 1322:1331 arg1 ITC 1356:1358 ITC 1356:1358 ITC 1356:1358 The underlying mechanisms responsible for these changes were analyzed by substrate binding assay, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and xylooligosaccharide hydrolysis. 24657866 8 56 theme isothermal 1322:1331 arg1 calorimetry 1343:1353 isothermal titration calorimetry 1322:1353 isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) 1322:1359 The underlying mechanisms responsible for these changes were analyzed by substrate binding assay, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and xylooligosaccharide hydrolysis. 24657866 0 57 theme hydrolase 147:155 arg1 xylanases 175:183 glycosyl hydrolase family 10 ruminal xylanases 138:183 glycosyl hydrolase family 10 ruminal xylanases 138:183 A C-terminal proline-rich sequence simultaneously broadens the optimal temperature and pH ranges and improves the catalytic efficiency of glycosyl hydrolase family 10 ruminal xylanases. 24657866 6 58 theme higher 905:910 arg1 optimum 924:930 a higher temperature optimum 903:930 a higher temperature optimum (50°C versus 45°C) 903:949 Compared with XynA-Tr, XynA exhibited improved specific activity (12-fold) and catalytic efficiency (14-fold), a higher temperature optimum (50°C versus 45°C), and broader ranges of temperature and pH optima (pH 5.0 to 7.5 and 40 to 60°C versus pH 5.5 to 6.5 and 40 to 50°C). 24657866 10 59 theme more 1508:1511 arg1 helices 1515:1521 more α helices 1508:1521 more α helices 1508:1521 However, it contained more α helices and had a greater affinity and catalytic efficiency toward xylooligosaccharides, which benefited complete substrate degradation. 24657866 12 60 theme enzymes 1847:1853 arg1 performance 1832:1842 the catalytic performance 1818:1842 the catalytic performance of enzymes 1818:1853 This study reveals an engineering strategy to improve the catalytic performance of enzymes. 24657866 6 61 dep optimum 924:930 arg1 45°C 945:948 45°C 945:948 45°C 945:948 Compared with XynA-Tr, XynA exhibited improved specific activity (12-fold) and catalytic efficiency (14-fold), a higher temperature optimum (50°C versus 45°C), and broader ranges of temperature and pH optima (pH 5.0 to 7.5 and 40 to 60°C versus pH 5.5 to 6.5 and 40 to 50°C). 24657866 6 61 dep optimum 924:930 arg1 50°C 933:936 50°C 933:936 50°C 933:936 Compared with XynA-Tr, XynA exhibited improved specific activity (12-fold) and catalytic efficiency (14-fold), a higher temperature optimum (50°C versus 45°C), and broader ranges of temperature and pH optima (pH 5.0 to 7.5 and 40 to 60°C versus pH 5.5 to 6.5 and 40 to 50°C). 24657866 0 62 theme xylanases 175:183 arg1 efficiency 124:133 the catalytic efficiency 110:133 the catalytic efficiency of glycosyl hydrolase family 10 ruminal xylanases 110:183 A C-terminal proline-rich sequence simultaneously broadens the optimal temperature and pH ranges and improves the catalytic efficiency of glycosyl hydrolase family 10 ruminal xylanases. 24657866 11 63 theme GH10 1732:1735 arg1 xylanase 1737:1744 another GH10 xylanase 1724:1744 another GH10 xylanase from sheep rumen 1724:1761 Similar results were obtained when the C-terminal sequence was fused to another GH10 xylanase from sheep rumen. 24657866 4 64 theme mature 607:612 arg1 XynA 614:617 mature XynA 607:617 mature XynA 607:617 To determine its function, both mature XynA and its C terminus-truncated mutant, XynA-Tr, were expressed in Escherichia coli. 24657866 6 65 theme broader 956:962 arg1 ranges 964:969 broader ranges 956:969 broader ranges of temperature and pH optima (pH 5.0 to 7.5 and 40 to 60°C versus pH 5.5 to 6.5 and 40 to 50°C) 956:1065 Compared with XynA-Tr, XynA exhibited improved specific activity (12-fold) and catalytic efficiency (14-fold), a higher temperature optimum (50°C versus 45°C), and broader ranges of temperature and pH optima (pH 5.0 to 7.5 and 40 to 60°C versus pH 5.5 to 6.5 and 40 to 50°C). 24657866 8 66 theme xylooligosaccharide 1366:1384 arg1 hydrolysis 1386:1395 xylooligosaccharide hydrolysis 1366:1395 xylooligosaccharide hydrolysis 1366:1395 The underlying mechanisms responsible for these changes were analyzed by substrate binding assay, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and xylooligosaccharide hydrolysis. 24657866 12 67 theme catalytic 1822:1830 arg1 performance 1832:1842 the catalytic performance 1818:1842 the catalytic performance of enzymes 1818:1853 This study reveals an engineering strategy to improve the catalytic performance of enzymes. 24657866 0 68 theme catalytic 114:122 arg1 efficiency 124:133 the catalytic efficiency 110:133 the catalytic efficiency of glycosyl hydrolase family 10 ruminal xylanases 110:183 A C-terminal proline-rich sequence simultaneously broadens the optimal temperature and pH ranges and improves the catalytic efficiency of glycosyl hydrolase family 10 ruminal xylanases. 24657866 5 69 theme C-terminal 705:714 arg1 oligopeptide 716:727 The C-terminal oligopeptide 701:727 The C-terminal oligopeptide 701:727 The C-terminal oligopeptide had significant effects on the function and structure of XynA. 24657866 0 70 theme C-terminal 2:11 arg1 sequence 26:33 A C-terminal proline-rich sequence 0:33 A C-terminal proline-rich sequence 0:33 A C-terminal proline-rich sequence simultaneously broadens the optimal temperature and pH ranges and improves the catalytic efficiency of glycosyl hydrolase family 10 ruminal xylanases. 24657866 2 71 theme sheep 376:380 arg1 rumen 382:386 the sheep rumen 372:386 the sheep rumen 372:386 In this study, a full-length xylanase gene (xynA) was retrieved from the sheep rumen. 24657866 9 72 theme tested 1440:1445 arg1 polysaccharides 1469:1483 the tested soluble and insoluble polysaccharides 1436:1483 the tested soluble and insoluble polysaccharides 1436:1483 XynA had no ability to bind to any of the tested soluble and insoluble polysaccharides. 24657866 6 73 theme optima 993:998 arg1 efficiency 881:890 catalytic efficiency 871:890 catalytic efficiency (14-fold) 871:900 Compared with XynA-Tr, XynA exhibited improved specific activity (12-fold) and catalytic efficiency (14-fold), a higher temperature optimum (50°C versus 45°C), and broader ranges of temperature and pH optima (pH 5.0 to 7.5 and 40 to 60°C versus pH 5.5 to 6.5 and 40 to 50°C). 24657866 6 73 theme optima 993:998 arg1 ranges 964:969 broader ranges 956:969 broader ranges of temperature and pH optima (pH 5.0 to 7.5 and 40 to 60°C versus pH 5.5 to 6.5 and 40 to 50°C) 956:1065 Compared with XynA-Tr, XynA exhibited improved specific activity (12-fold) and catalytic efficiency (14-fold), a higher temperature optimum (50°C versus 45°C), and broader ranges of temperature and pH optima (pH 5.0 to 7.5 and 40 to 60°C versus pH 5.5 to 6.5 and 40 to 50°C). 24657866 6 73 theme optima 993:998 arg1 optimum 924:930 a higher temperature optimum 903:930 a higher temperature optimum (50°C versus 45°C) 903:949 Compared with XynA-Tr, XynA exhibited improved specific activity (12-fold) and catalytic efficiency (14-fold), a higher temperature optimum (50°C versus 45°C), and broader ranges of temperature and pH optima (pH 5.0 to 7.5 and 40 to 60°C versus pH 5.5 to 6.5 and 40 to 50°C). 24657866 6 73 theme optima 993:998 arg1 activity 848:855 improved specific activity 830:855 improved specific activity (12-fold) 830:865 Compared with XynA-Tr, XynA exhibited improved specific activity (12-fold) and catalytic efficiency (14-fold), a higher temperature optimum (50°C versus 45°C), and broader ranges of temperature and pH optima (pH 5.0 to 7.5 and 40 to 60°C versus pH 5.5 to 6.5 and 40 to 50°C). 24657866 8 74 theme substrate 1259:1267 arg1 assay 1277:1281 substrate binding assay 1259:1281 substrate binding assay 1259:1281 The underlying mechanisms responsible for these changes were analyzed by substrate binding assay, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and xylooligosaccharide hydrolysis. 24657866 10 75 theme greater 1533:1539 arg1 affinity 1541:1548 a greater affinity 1531:1548 a greater affinity 1531:1548 However, it contained more α helices and had a greater affinity and catalytic efficiency toward xylooligosaccharides, which benefited complete substrate degradation. 24657866 6 76 theme specific 839:846 arg1 activity 848:855 improved specific activity 830:855 improved specific activity (12-fold) 830:865 Compared with XynA-Tr, XynA exhibited improved specific activity (12-fold) and catalytic efficiency (14-fold), a higher temperature optimum (50°C versus 45°C), and broader ranges of temperature and pH optima (pH 5.0 to 7.5 and 40 to 60°C versus pH 5.5 to 6.5 and 40 to 50°C). 24657866 0 77 theme optimal 63:69 arg1 temperature 71:81 the optimal temperature 59:81 the optimal temperature 59:81 A C-terminal proline-rich sequence simultaneously broadens the optimal temperature and pH ranges and improves the catalytic efficiency of glycosyl hydrolase family 10 ruminal xylanases. 24657866 7 78 theme wheat 1149:1153 arg1 substrate 1175:1183 the substrate 1171:1183 the substrate 1171:1183 Moreover, XynA released more xylose than XynA-Tr when using beech wood xylan and wheat arabinoxylan as the substrate. 24657866 7 78 theme wheat 1149:1153 arg1 xylan 1139:1143 beech wood xylan 1128:1143 beech wood xylan 1128:1143 Moreover, XynA released more xylose than XynA-Tr when using beech wood xylan and wheat arabinoxylan as the substrate. 24657866 7 78 theme wheat 1149:1153 arg1 arabinoxylan 1155:1166 wheat arabinoxylan 1149:1166 wheat arabinoxylan 1149:1166 Moreover, XynA released more xylose than XynA-Tr when using beech wood xylan and wheat arabinoxylan as the substrate. 24657866 3 79 theme XynA 401:404 arg1 sequence 406:413 The deduced XynA sequence 389:413 The deduced XynA sequence 389:413 The deduced XynA sequence contains a putative signal peptide, a catalytic motif of glycoside hydrolase family 10 (GH10), and an extra C-terminal proline-rich sequence without a homolog. 24657866 6 80 dep activity 848:855 arg1 12-fold 858:864 12-fold 858:864 12-fold 858:864 Compared with XynA-Tr, XynA exhibited improved specific activity (12-fold) and catalytic efficiency (14-fold), a higher temperature optimum (50°C versus 45°C), and broader ranges of temperature and pH optima (pH 5.0 to 7.5 and 40 to 60°C versus pH 5.5 to 6.5 and 40 to 50°C). 24657866 8 81 theme circular 1284:1291 arg1 CD 1304:1305 CD 1304:1305 CD 1304:1305 The underlying mechanisms responsible for these changes were analyzed by substrate binding assay, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and xylooligosaccharide hydrolysis. 24657866 8 81 theme circular 1284:1291 arg1 dichroism 1293:1301 circular dichroism 1284:1301 circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy 1284:1319 The underlying mechanisms responsible for these changes were analyzed by substrate binding assay, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and xylooligosaccharide hydrolysis. 24657866 3 82 theme family 492:497 arg1 peptide 442:448 a putative signal peptide 424:448 a putative signal peptide 424:448 The deduced XynA sequence contains a putative signal peptide, a catalytic motif of glycoside hydrolase family 10 (GH10), and an extra C-terminal proline-rich sequence without a homolog. 24657866 3 82 theme family 492:497 arg1 sequence 547:554 an extra C-terminal proline-rich sequence 514:554 an extra C-terminal proline-rich sequence without a homolog 514:572 The deduced XynA sequence contains a putative signal peptide, a catalytic motif of glycoside hydrolase family 10 (GH10), and an extra C-terminal proline-rich sequence without a homolog. 24657866 3 82 theme family 492:497 arg1 motif 463:467 a catalytic motif 451:467 a catalytic motif of glycoside hydrolase family 10 (GH10) 451:507 The deduced XynA sequence contains a putative signal peptide, a catalytic motif of glycoside hydrolase family 10 (GH10), and an extra C-terminal proline-rich sequence without a homolog. 24657866 6 83 dep 60°C 1025:1028 arg1 to 1022:1023 to 1022:1023 to 1022:1023 Compared with XynA-Tr, XynA exhibited improved specific activity (12-fold) and catalytic efficiency (14-fold), a higher temperature optimum (50°C versus 45°C), and broader ranges of temperature and pH optima (pH 5.0 to 7.5 and 40 to 60°C versus pH 5.5 to 6.5 and 40 to 50°C). 24657866 3 84 theme glycoside 472:480 arg1 family 492:497 glycoside hydrolase family 10 472:500 glycoside hydrolase family 10 (GH10) 472:507 The deduced XynA sequence contains a putative signal peptide, a catalytic motif of glycoside hydrolase family 10 (GH10), and an extra C-terminal proline-rich sequence without a homolog. 24657866 3 84 theme glycoside 472:480 arg1 GH10 503:506 GH10 503:506 GH10 503:506 The deduced XynA sequence contains a putative signal peptide, a catalytic motif of glycoside hydrolase family 10 (GH10), and an extra C-terminal proline-rich sequence without a homolog. 24657866 1 85 theme xylanolytic 251:261 arg1 enzymes 263:269 xylanolytic enzymes 251:269 xylanolytic enzymes with a high catalytic capacity 251:300 Efficient degradation of plant polysaccharides in rumen requires xylanolytic enzymes with a high catalytic capacity. 24657866 7 86 theme beech 1128:1132 arg1 substrate 1175:1183 the substrate 1171:1183 the substrate 1171:1183 Moreover, XynA released more xylose than XynA-Tr when using beech wood xylan and wheat arabinoxylan as the substrate. 24657866 7 86 theme beech 1128:1132 arg1 xylan 1139:1143 beech wood xylan 1128:1143 beech wood xylan 1128:1143 Moreover, XynA released more xylose than XynA-Tr when using beech wood xylan and wheat arabinoxylan as the substrate. 24657866 7 86 theme beech 1128:1132 arg1 arabinoxylan 1155:1166 wheat arabinoxylan 1149:1166 wheat arabinoxylan 1149:1166 Moreover, XynA released more xylose than XynA-Tr when using beech wood xylan and wheat arabinoxylan as the substrate. 24657866 6 87 dep pH 1037:1038 arg1 to 1044:1045 to 1044:1045 to 1044:1045 Compared with XynA-Tr, XynA exhibited improved specific activity (12-fold) and catalytic efficiency (14-fold), a higher temperature optimum (50°C versus 45°C), and broader ranges of temperature and pH optima (pH 5.0 to 7.5 and 40 to 60°C versus pH 5.5 to 6.5 and 40 to 50°C). 26218713 5 0 theme CS 1100:1101 arg1 matrix 1111:1116 CS organic matrix 1100:1116 CS organic matrix 1100:1116 ICA loaded microspheres take on a sustained release behavior, which can be not only ascribed to electrostatic interaction between reactive negative hydroxyl (OH) of ICA and positive amine groups (NH₂) of CS, but also depended on the homogeneous dispersion of HAP nanoparticles inside CS organic matrix. 26218713 1 1 theme chitosan 148:155 arg1 microspheres 199:210 chitosan (CS)/nano hydroxyapatite (nHAP) composite microspheres 148:210 chitosan (CS)/nano hydroxyapatite (nHAP) composite microspheres 148:210 In this work, we encapsulated icariin (ICA) into chitosan (CS)/nano hydroxyapatite (nHAP) composite microspheres to form organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres for drug delivery carrier. 26218713 1 2 theme hybrid 238:243 arg1 microspheres 245:256 organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres 220:256 organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres for drug delivery carrier 220:282 In this work, we encapsulated icariin (ICA) into chitosan (CS)/nano hydroxyapatite (nHAP) composite microspheres to form organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres for drug delivery carrier. 26218713 5 3 theme organic 1103:1109 arg1 matrix 1111:1116 CS organic matrix 1100:1116 CS organic matrix 1100:1116 ICA loaded microspheres take on a sustained release behavior, which can be not only ascribed to electrostatic interaction between reactive negative hydroxyl (OH) of ICA and positive amine groups (NH₂) of CS, but also depended on the homogeneous dispersion of HAP nanoparticles inside CS organic matrix. 26218713 3 4 theme drug 646:649 arg1 behavior 659:666 drug release behavior 646:666 drug release behavior 646:666 Moreover, we further studied the performance of swelling properties, degradation properties and drug release behavior of the microspheres. 26218713 2 5 theme calorimetry- 499:510 arg1 DSC-TGA 540:546 DSC-TGA 540:546 DSC-TGA 540:546 The composition and morphology of composite microspheres were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry- thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TGA). 26218713 2 5 theme calorimetry- 499:510 arg1 analysis 530:537 differential scanning calorimetry- thermogravimetric analysis 477:537 differential scanning calorimetry- thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TGA) 477:547 The composition and morphology of composite microspheres were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry- thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TGA). 26218713 5 6 theme positive 989:996 arg1 NH₂ 1012:1014 NH₂ 1012:1014 NH₂ 1012:1014 ICA loaded microspheres take on a sustained release behavior, which can be not only ascribed to electrostatic interaction between reactive negative hydroxyl (OH) of ICA and positive amine groups (NH₂) of CS, but also depended on the homogeneous dispersion of HAP nanoparticles inside CS organic matrix. 26218713 5 6 theme positive 989:996 arg1 groups 1004:1009 positive amine groups 989:1009 positive amine groups (NH₂) 989:1015 ICA loaded microspheres take on a sustained release behavior, which can be not only ascribed to electrostatic interaction between reactive negative hydroxyl (OH) of ICA and positive amine groups (NH₂) of CS, but also depended on the homogeneous dispersion of HAP nanoparticles inside CS organic matrix. 26218713 5 6 theme positive 989:996 arg1 ICA 981:983 ICA 981:983 ICA 981:983 ICA loaded microspheres take on a sustained release behavior, which can be not only ascribed to electrostatic interaction between reactive negative hydroxyl (OH) of ICA and positive amine groups (NH₂) of CS, but also depended on the homogeneous dispersion of HAP nanoparticles inside CS organic matrix. 26218713 8 7 theme suitable 1428:1435 arg1 microenvironment 1437:1452 a suitable microenvironment 1426:1452 a suitable microenvironment for osteoblast attachment and proliferation 1426:1496 These studies demonstrate that composite microspheres provide a suitable microenvironment for osteoblast attachment and proliferation. 26218713 4 8 theme drug 771:774 arg1 properties 784:793 drug release properties 771:793 drug release properties of the microspheres 771:813 ICA, the extract of traditional Chinese medicine-epimedium, was combined to study drug release properties of the microspheres. 26218713 9 9 contain have 1593:1596 arg1 microspheres 1574:1585 the ICA loaded CS-based organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres 1525:1585 the ICA loaded CS-based organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres 1525:1585 It can be speculated that the ICA loaded CS-based organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres might have potential applications in drug delivery systems. 26218713 9 9 contain have 1593:1596 arg2 applications 1608:1619 potential applications 1598:1619 potential applications 1598:1619 It can be speculated that the ICA loaded CS-based organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres might have potential applications in drug delivery systems. 26218713 7 10 theme CS/nHAP/ICA 1250:1260 arg1 microspheres 1262:1273 CS/nHAP/ICA microspheres 1250:1273 CS/nHAP/ICA microspheres 1250:1273 The biocompatibility of CS/nHAP/ICA microspheres was evaluated by the MTT cytotoxicity assay, Hoechst 33258 and PI fluorescence staining. 26218713 9 11 theme ICA 1529:1531 arg1 microspheres 1574:1585 the ICA loaded CS-based organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres 1525:1585 the ICA loaded CS-based organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres 1525:1585 It can be speculated that the ICA loaded CS-based organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres might have potential applications in drug delivery systems. 26218713 5 12 dep loaded 820:825 arg1 ICA 816:818 ICA 816:818 ICA 816:818 ICA loaded microspheres take on a sustained release behavior, which can be not only ascribed to electrostatic interaction between reactive negative hydroxyl (OH) of ICA and positive amine groups (NH₂) of CS, but also depended on the homogeneous dispersion of HAP nanoparticles inside CS organic matrix. 26218713 2 13 theme X-ray 364:368 arg1 XRD 383:385 XRD 383:385 XRD 383:385 The composition and morphology of composite microspheres were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry- thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TGA). 26218713 2 13 theme X-ray 364:368 arg1 Fourier 389:395 Fourier 389:395 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry- thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TGA) 389:547 The composition and morphology of composite microspheres were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry- thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TGA). 26218713 2 13 theme X-ray 364:368 arg1 diffraction 370:380 X-ray diffraction 364:380 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 364:386 The composition and morphology of composite microspheres were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry- thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TGA). 26218713 1 14 theme drug 262:265 arg1 carrier 276:282 drug delivery carrier 262:282 drug delivery carrier 262:282 In this work, we encapsulated icariin (ICA) into chitosan (CS)/nano hydroxyapatite (nHAP) composite microspheres to form organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres for drug delivery carrier. 26218713 2 15 theme thermogravimetric 512:528 arg1 DSC-TGA 540:546 DSC-TGA 540:546 DSC-TGA 540:546 The composition and morphology of composite microspheres were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry- thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TGA). 26218713 2 15 theme thermogravimetric 512:528 arg1 analysis 530:537 differential scanning calorimetry- thermogravimetric analysis 477:537 differential scanning calorimetry- thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TGA) 477:547 The composition and morphology of composite microspheres were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry- thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TGA). 26218713 7 16 theme cytotoxicity 1300:1311 arg1 assay 1313:1317 the MTT cytotoxicity assay 1292:1317 the MTT cytotoxicity assay 1292:1317 The biocompatibility of CS/nHAP/ICA microspheres was evaluated by the MTT cytotoxicity assay, Hoechst 33258 and PI fluorescence staining. 26218713 5 17 theme homogeneous 1049:1059 arg1 dispersion 1061:1070 the homogeneous dispersion 1045:1070 the homogeneous dispersion of HAP nanoparticles inside CS organic matrix 1045:1116 ICA loaded microspheres take on a sustained release behavior, which can be not only ascribed to electrostatic interaction between reactive negative hydroxyl (OH) of ICA and positive amine groups (NH₂) of CS, but also depended on the homogeneous dispersion of HAP nanoparticles inside CS organic matrix. 26218713 2 18 theme electron 447:454 arg1 microscopy 456:465 scanning electron microscopy 438:465 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 438:471 The composition and morphology of composite microspheres were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry- thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TGA). 26218713 2 18 theme electron 447:454 arg1 SEM 468:470 SEM 468:470 SEM 468:470 The composition and morphology of composite microspheres were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry- thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TGA). 26218713 5 19 theme HAP 1075:1077 arg1 nanoparticles 1079:1091 HAP nanoparticles 1075:1091 HAP nanoparticles inside CS organic matrix 1075:1116 ICA loaded microspheres take on a sustained release behavior, which can be not only ascribed to electrostatic interaction between reactive negative hydroxyl (OH) of ICA and positive amine groups (NH₂) of CS, but also depended on the homogeneous dispersion of HAP nanoparticles inside CS organic matrix. 26218713 4 20 theme release 776:782 arg1 properties 784:793 drug release properties 771:793 drug release properties of the microspheres 771:813 ICA, the extract of traditional Chinese medicine-epimedium, was combined to study drug release properties of the microspheres. 26218713 9 21 theme potential 1598:1606 arg1 applications 1608:1619 potential applications 1598:1619 potential applications 1598:1619 It can be speculated that the ICA loaded CS-based organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres might have potential applications in drug delivery systems. 26218713 2 22 theme scanning 438:445 arg1 microscopy 456:465 scanning electron microscopy 438:465 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 438:471 The composition and morphology of composite microspheres were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry- thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TGA). 26218713 2 22 theme scanning 438:445 arg1 SEM 468:470 SEM 468:470 SEM 468:470 The composition and morphology of composite microspheres were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry- thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TGA). 26218713 5 23 theme nanoparticles 1079:1091 arg1 dispersion 1061:1070 the homogeneous dispersion 1045:1070 the homogeneous dispersion of HAP nanoparticles inside CS organic matrix 1045:1116 ICA loaded microspheres take on a sustained release behavior, which can be not only ascribed to electrostatic interaction between reactive negative hydroxyl (OH) of ICA and positive amine groups (NH₂) of CS, but also depended on the homogeneous dispersion of HAP nanoparticles inside CS organic matrix. 26218713 6 24 located detected 1180:1187 arg1 addition 1122:1129 addition 1122:1129 addition 1122:1129 In addition, the adhesion and morphology of osteoblasts were detected by inverted fluorescence microscopy. 26218713 6 24 located detected 1180:1187 arg2 morphology 1149:1158 morphology 1149:1158 morphology 1149:1158 In addition, the adhesion and morphology of osteoblasts were detected by inverted fluorescence microscopy. 26218713 6 24 located detected 1180:1187 arg2 adhesion 1136:1143 adhesion 1136:1143 adhesion 1136:1143 In addition, the adhesion and morphology of osteoblasts were detected by inverted fluorescence microscopy. 26218713 5 25 theme amine 998:1002 arg1 NH₂ 1012:1014 NH₂ 1012:1014 NH₂ 1012:1014 ICA loaded microspheres take on a sustained release behavior, which can be not only ascribed to electrostatic interaction between reactive negative hydroxyl (OH) of ICA and positive amine groups (NH₂) of CS, but also depended on the homogeneous dispersion of HAP nanoparticles inside CS organic matrix. 26218713 5 25 theme amine 998:1002 arg1 groups 1004:1009 positive amine groups 989:1009 positive amine groups (NH₂) 989:1015 ICA loaded microspheres take on a sustained release behavior, which can be not only ascribed to electrostatic interaction between reactive negative hydroxyl (OH) of ICA and positive amine groups (NH₂) of CS, but also depended on the homogeneous dispersion of HAP nanoparticles inside CS organic matrix. 26218713 5 25 theme amine 998:1002 arg1 ICA 981:983 ICA 981:983 ICA 981:983 ICA loaded microspheres take on a sustained release behavior, which can be not only ascribed to electrostatic interaction between reactive negative hydroxyl (OH) of ICA and positive amine groups (NH₂) of CS, but also depended on the homogeneous dispersion of HAP nanoparticles inside CS organic matrix. 26218713 5 26 theme reactive 946:953 arg1 hydroxyl 964:971 reactive negative hydroxyl 946:971 reactive negative hydroxyl (OH) of ICA 946:983 ICA loaded microspheres take on a sustained release behavior, which can be not only ascribed to electrostatic interaction between reactive negative hydroxyl (OH) of ICA and positive amine groups (NH₂) of CS, but also depended on the homogeneous dispersion of HAP nanoparticles inside CS organic matrix. 26218713 5 26 theme reactive 946:953 arg1 OH 974:975 OH 974:975 OH 974:975 ICA loaded microspheres take on a sustained release behavior, which can be not only ascribed to electrostatic interaction between reactive negative hydroxyl (OH) of ICA and positive amine groups (NH₂) of CS, but also depended on the homogeneous dispersion of HAP nanoparticles inside CS organic matrix. 26218713 7 27 theme microspheres 1262:1273 arg1 biocompatibility 1230:1245 The biocompatibility 1226:1245 The biocompatibility of CS/nHAP/ICA microspheres 1226:1273 The biocompatibility of CS/nHAP/ICA microspheres was evaluated by the MTT cytotoxicity assay, Hoechst 33258 and PI fluorescence staining. 26218713 1 28 theme /nano 161:165 arg1 microspheres 199:210 chitosan (CS)/nano hydroxyapatite (nHAP) composite microspheres 148:210 chitosan (CS)/nano hydroxyapatite (nHAP) composite microspheres 148:210 In this work, we encapsulated icariin (ICA) into chitosan (CS)/nano hydroxyapatite (nHAP) composite microspheres to form organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres for drug delivery carrier. 26218713 5 29 theme loaded 820:825 arg1 microspheres 827:838 ICA loaded microspheres 816:838 ICA loaded microspheres 816:838 ICA loaded microspheres take on a sustained release behavior, which can be not only ascribed to electrostatic interaction between reactive negative hydroxyl (OH) of ICA and positive amine groups (NH₂) of CS, but also depended on the homogeneous dispersion of HAP nanoparticles inside CS organic matrix. 26218713 1 30 theme delivery 267:274 arg1 carrier 276:282 drug delivery carrier 262:282 drug delivery carrier 262:282 In this work, we encapsulated icariin (ICA) into chitosan (CS)/nano hydroxyapatite (nHAP) composite microspheres to form organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres for drug delivery carrier. 26218713 4 31 theme Chinese 721:727 arg1 medicine-epimedium 729:746 traditional Chinese medicine-epimedium 709:746 traditional Chinese medicine-epimedium 709:746 ICA, the extract of traditional Chinese medicine-epimedium, was combined to study drug release properties of the microspheres. 26218713 5 32 theme CS 1020:1021 arg1 interaction 926:936 electrostatic interaction 912:936 electrostatic interaction between reactive negative hydroxyl (OH) of ICA and positive amine groups (NH₂) of CS 912:1021 ICA loaded microspheres take on a sustained release behavior, which can be not only ascribed to electrostatic interaction between reactive negative hydroxyl (OH) of ICA and positive amine groups (NH₂) of CS, but also depended on the homogeneous dispersion of HAP nanoparticles inside CS organic matrix. 26218713 1 33 theme hydroxyapatite 167:180 arg1 microspheres 199:210 chitosan (CS)/nano hydroxyapatite (nHAP) composite microspheres 148:210 chitosan (CS)/nano hydroxyapatite (nHAP) composite microspheres 148:210 In this work, we encapsulated icariin (ICA) into chitosan (CS)/nano hydroxyapatite (nHAP) composite microspheres to form organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres for drug delivery carrier. 26218713 0 34 theme hydroxyapatite 29:42 arg1 microspheres 69:80 chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres 15:80 chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres 15:80 Preparation of chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres for bone repair. 26218713 3 35 theme properties 607:616 arg1 performance 583:593 the performance 579:593 the performance of swelling properties, degradation properties and drug release behavior of the microspheres 579:686 Moreover, we further studied the performance of swelling properties, degradation properties and drug release behavior of the microspheres. 26218713 9 36 theme drug 1624:1627 arg1 systems 1638:1644 drug delivery systems 1624:1644 drug delivery systems 1624:1644 It can be speculated that the ICA loaded CS-based organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres might have potential applications in drug delivery systems. 26218713 6 37 dep adhesion 1136:1143 arg1 the 1132:1134 the 1132:1134 the 1132:1134 In addition, the adhesion and morphology of osteoblasts were detected by inverted fluorescence microscopy. 26218713 0 38 theme chitosan/nano 15:27 arg1 microspheres 69:80 chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres 15:80 chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres 15:80 Preparation of chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres for bone repair. 26218713 5 39 theme negative 955:962 arg1 hydroxyl 964:971 reactive negative hydroxyl 946:971 reactive negative hydroxyl (OH) of ICA 946:983 ICA loaded microspheres take on a sustained release behavior, which can be not only ascribed to electrostatic interaction between reactive negative hydroxyl (OH) of ICA and positive amine groups (NH₂) of CS, but also depended on the homogeneous dispersion of HAP nanoparticles inside CS organic matrix. 26218713 5 39 theme negative 955:962 arg1 OH 974:975 OH 974:975 OH 974:975 ICA loaded microspheres take on a sustained release behavior, which can be not only ascribed to electrostatic interaction between reactive negative hydroxyl (OH) of ICA and positive amine groups (NH₂) of CS, but also depended on the homogeneous dispersion of HAP nanoparticles inside CS organic matrix. 26218713 3 40 theme release 651:657 arg1 behavior 659:666 drug release behavior 646:666 drug release behavior 646:666 Moreover, we further studied the performance of swelling properties, degradation properties and drug release behavior of the microspheres. 26218713 9 41 theme hybrid 1567:1572 arg1 microspheres 1574:1585 the ICA loaded CS-based organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres 1525:1585 the ICA loaded CS-based organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres 1525:1585 It can be speculated that the ICA loaded CS-based organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres might have potential applications in drug delivery systems. 26218713 6 42 theme osteoblasts 1163:1173 arg1 adhesion 1136:1143 adhesion 1136:1143 adhesion 1136:1143 In addition, the adhesion and morphology of osteoblasts were detected by inverted fluorescence microscopy. 26218713 6 42 theme osteoblasts 1163:1173 arg1 morphology 1149:1158 morphology 1149:1158 morphology 1149:1158 In addition, the adhesion and morphology of osteoblasts were detected by inverted fluorescence microscopy. 26218713 1 43 theme nHAP 183:186 arg1 microspheres 199:210 chitosan (CS)/nano hydroxyapatite (nHAP) composite microspheres 148:210 chitosan (CS)/nano hydroxyapatite (nHAP) composite microspheres 148:210 In this work, we encapsulated icariin (ICA) into chitosan (CS)/nano hydroxyapatite (nHAP) composite microspheres to form organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres for drug delivery carrier. 26218713 0 44 theme hybrid 62:67 arg1 microspheres 69:80 chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres 15:80 chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres 15:80 Preparation of chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres for bone repair. 26218713 5 45 theme electrostatic 912:924 arg1 interaction 926:936 electrostatic interaction 912:936 electrostatic interaction between reactive negative hydroxyl (OH) of ICA and positive amine groups (NH₂) of CS 912:1021 ICA loaded microspheres take on a sustained release behavior, which can be not only ascribed to electrostatic interaction between reactive negative hydroxyl (OH) of ICA and positive amine groups (NH₂) of CS, but also depended on the homogeneous dispersion of HAP nanoparticles inside CS organic matrix. 26218713 3 46 theme behavior 659:666 arg1 performance 583:593 the performance 579:593 the performance of swelling properties, degradation properties and drug release behavior of the microspheres 579:686 Moreover, we further studied the performance of swelling properties, degradation properties and drug release behavior of the microspheres. 26218713 8 47 theme composite 1395:1403 arg1 microspheres 1405:1416 composite microspheres 1395:1416 composite microspheres 1395:1416 These studies demonstrate that composite microspheres provide a suitable microenvironment for osteoblast attachment and proliferation. 26218713 5 48 theme sustained 850:858 arg1 behavior 868:875 a sustained release behavior 848:875 a sustained release behavior 848:875 ICA loaded microspheres take on a sustained release behavior, which can be not only ascribed to electrostatic interaction between reactive negative hydroxyl (OH) of ICA and positive amine groups (NH₂) of CS, but also depended on the homogeneous dispersion of HAP nanoparticles inside CS organic matrix. 26218713 0 49 theme organic-inorganic 44:60 arg1 microspheres 69:80 chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres 15:80 chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres 15:80 Preparation of chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres for bone repair. 26218713 7 50 theme Hoechst 1320:1326 arg1 33258 1328:1332 Hoechst 33258 1320:1332 Hoechst 33258 1320:1332 The biocompatibility of CS/nHAP/ICA microspheres was evaluated by the MTT cytotoxicity assay, Hoechst 33258 and PI fluorescence staining. 26218713 2 51 dep transform 397:405 arg1 infrared 407:414 infrared 407:414 transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry- thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TGA) 397:547 The composition and morphology of composite microspheres were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry- thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TGA). 26218713 1 52 theme composite 189:197 arg1 microspheres 199:210 chitosan (CS)/nano hydroxyapatite (nHAP) composite microspheres 148:210 chitosan (CS)/nano hydroxyapatite (nHAP) composite microspheres 148:210 In this work, we encapsulated icariin (ICA) into chitosan (CS)/nano hydroxyapatite (nHAP) composite microspheres to form organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres for drug delivery carrier. 26218713 9 53 theme organic-inorganic 1549:1565 arg1 microspheres 1574:1585 the ICA loaded CS-based organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres 1525:1585 the ICA loaded CS-based organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres 1525:1585 It can be speculated that the ICA loaded CS-based organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres might have potential applications in drug delivery systems. 26218713 0 54 theme bone 86:89 arg1 repair 91:96 bone repair 86:96 bone repair 86:96 Preparation of chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres for bone repair. 26218713 6 55 theme inverted 1192:1199 arg1 microscopy 1214:1223 inverted fluorescence microscopy 1192:1223 inverted fluorescence microscopy 1192:1223 In addition, the adhesion and morphology of osteoblasts were detected by inverted fluorescence microscopy. 26218713 4 56 theme traditional 709:719 arg1 medicine-epimedium 729:746 traditional Chinese medicine-epimedium 709:746 traditional Chinese medicine-epimedium 709:746 ICA, the extract of traditional Chinese medicine-epimedium, was combined to study drug release properties of the microspheres. 26218713 0 57 theme microspheres 69:80 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation of chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres for bone repair. 0:97 Preparation of chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres for bone repair. 26218713 6 58 theme fluorescence 1201:1212 arg1 microscopy 1214:1223 inverted fluorescence microscopy 1192:1223 inverted fluorescence microscopy 1192:1223 In addition, the adhesion and morphology of osteoblasts were detected by inverted fluorescence microscopy. 26218713 3 59 theme microspheres 675:686 arg1 behavior 659:666 drug release behavior 646:666 drug release behavior 646:666 Moreover, we further studied the performance of swelling properties, degradation properties and drug release behavior of the microspheres. 26218713 3 59 theme microspheres 675:686 arg1 properties 607:616 swelling properties 598:616 swelling properties 598:616 Moreover, we further studied the performance of swelling properties, degradation properties and drug release behavior of the microspheres. 26218713 3 59 theme microspheres 675:686 arg1 properties 631:640 degradation properties 619:640 degradation properties 619:640 Moreover, we further studied the performance of swelling properties, degradation properties and drug release behavior of the microspheres. 26218713 2 60 dep composition 289:299 arg1 The 285:287 The 285:287 The 285:287 The composition and morphology of composite microspheres were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry- thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TGA). 26218713 8 61 theme osteoblast 1458:1467 arg1 attachment 1469:1478 osteoblast attachment 1458:1478 osteoblast attachment 1458:1478 These studies demonstrate that composite microspheres provide a suitable microenvironment for osteoblast attachment and proliferation. 26218713 7 62 theme PI 1338:1339 arg1 staining 1354:1361 PI fluorescence staining 1338:1361 PI fluorescence staining 1338:1361 The biocompatibility of CS/nHAP/ICA microspheres was evaluated by the MTT cytotoxicity assay, Hoechst 33258 and PI fluorescence staining. 26218713 7 63 theme fluorescence 1341:1352 arg1 staining 1354:1361 PI fluorescence staining 1338:1361 PI fluorescence staining 1338:1361 The biocompatibility of CS/nHAP/ICA microspheres was evaluated by the MTT cytotoxicity assay, Hoechst 33258 and PI fluorescence staining. 26218713 3 64 theme degradation 619:629 arg1 properties 631:640 degradation properties 619:640 degradation properties 619:640 Moreover, we further studied the performance of swelling properties, degradation properties and drug release behavior of the microspheres. 26218713 3 65 theme swelling 598:605 arg1 properties 607:616 swelling properties 598:616 swelling properties 598:616 Moreover, we further studied the performance of swelling properties, degradation properties and drug release behavior of the microspheres. 26218713 2 66 theme microspheres 329:340 arg1 morphology 305:314 morphology 305:314 morphology 305:314 The composition and morphology of composite microspheres were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry- thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TGA). 26218713 2 66 theme microspheres 329:340 arg1 composition 289:299 composition 289:299 composition 289:299 The composition and morphology of composite microspheres were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry- thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TGA). 26218713 5 67 theme ICA 981:983 arg1 hydroxyl 964:971 reactive negative hydroxyl 946:971 reactive negative hydroxyl (OH) of ICA 946:983 ICA loaded microspheres take on a sustained release behavior, which can be not only ascribed to electrostatic interaction between reactive negative hydroxyl (OH) of ICA and positive amine groups (NH₂) of CS, but also depended on the homogeneous dispersion of HAP nanoparticles inside CS organic matrix. 26218713 5 67 theme ICA 981:983 arg1 NH₂ 1012:1014 NH₂ 1012:1014 NH₂ 1012:1014 ICA loaded microspheres take on a sustained release behavior, which can be not only ascribed to electrostatic interaction between reactive negative hydroxyl (OH) of ICA and positive amine groups (NH₂) of CS, but also depended on the homogeneous dispersion of HAP nanoparticles inside CS organic matrix. 26218713 5 67 theme ICA 981:983 arg1 groups 1004:1009 positive amine groups 989:1009 positive amine groups (NH₂) 989:1015 ICA loaded microspheres take on a sustained release behavior, which can be not only ascribed to electrostatic interaction between reactive negative hydroxyl (OH) of ICA and positive amine groups (NH₂) of CS, but also depended on the homogeneous dispersion of HAP nanoparticles inside CS organic matrix. 26218713 5 67 theme ICA 981:983 arg1 OH 974:975 OH 974:975 OH 974:975 ICA loaded microspheres take on a sustained release behavior, which can be not only ascribed to electrostatic interaction between reactive negative hydroxyl (OH) of ICA and positive amine groups (NH₂) of CS, but also depended on the homogeneous dispersion of HAP nanoparticles inside CS organic matrix. 26218713 5 67 theme ICA 981:983 arg1 ICA 981:983 ICA 981:983 ICA 981:983 ICA loaded microspheres take on a sustained release behavior, which can be not only ascribed to electrostatic interaction between reactive negative hydroxyl (OH) of ICA and positive amine groups (NH₂) of CS, but also depended on the homogeneous dispersion of HAP nanoparticles inside CS organic matrix. 26218713 3 68 theme properties 631:640 arg1 performance 583:593 the performance 579:593 the performance of swelling properties, degradation properties and drug release behavior of the microspheres 579:686 Moreover, we further studied the performance of swelling properties, degradation properties and drug release behavior of the microspheres. 26218713 2 69 theme composite 319:327 arg1 microspheres 329:340 composite microspheres 319:340 composite microspheres 319:340 The composition and morphology of composite microspheres were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry- thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TGA). 26218713 4 70 theme medicine-epimedium 729:746 arg1 ICA 689:691 ICA 689:691 ICA 689:691 ICA, the extract of traditional Chinese medicine-epimedium, was combined to study drug release properties of the microspheres. 26218713 4 70 theme medicine-epimedium 729:746 arg1 extract 698:704 the extract 694:704 the extract of traditional Chinese medicine-epimedium 694:746 ICA, the extract of traditional Chinese medicine-epimedium, was combined to study drug release properties of the microspheres. 26218713 2 71 theme scanning 490:497 arg1 DSC-TGA 540:546 DSC-TGA 540:546 DSC-TGA 540:546 The composition and morphology of composite microspheres were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry- thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TGA). 26218713 2 71 theme scanning 490:497 arg1 analysis 530:537 differential scanning calorimetry- thermogravimetric analysis 477:537 differential scanning calorimetry- thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TGA) 477:547 The composition and morphology of composite microspheres were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry- thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TGA). 26218713 5 72 theme release 860:866 arg1 behavior 868:875 a sustained release behavior 848:875 a sustained release behavior 848:875 ICA loaded microspheres take on a sustained release behavior, which can be not only ascribed to electrostatic interaction between reactive negative hydroxyl (OH) of ICA and positive amine groups (NH₂) of CS, but also depended on the homogeneous dispersion of HAP nanoparticles inside CS organic matrix. 26218713 2 73 dep Fourier 389:395 arg1 transform 397:405 transform 397:405 transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry- thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TGA) 397:547 The composition and morphology of composite microspheres were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry- thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TGA). 26218713 7 74 theme MTT 1296:1298 arg1 assay 1313:1317 the MTT cytotoxicity assay 1292:1317 the MTT cytotoxicity assay 1292:1317 The biocompatibility of CS/nHAP/ICA microspheres was evaluated by the MTT cytotoxicity assay, Hoechst 33258 and PI fluorescence staining. 26218713 9 75 theme loaded 1533:1538 arg1 microspheres 1574:1585 the ICA loaded CS-based organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres 1525:1585 the ICA loaded CS-based organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres 1525:1585 It can be speculated that the ICA loaded CS-based organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres might have potential applications in drug delivery systems. 26218713 9 76 theme delivery 1629:1636 arg1 systems 1638:1644 drug delivery systems 1624:1644 drug delivery systems 1624:1644 It can be speculated that the ICA loaded CS-based organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres might have potential applications in drug delivery systems. 26218713 2 77 theme differential 477:488 arg1 DSC-TGA 540:546 DSC-TGA 540:546 DSC-TGA 540:546 The composition and morphology of composite microspheres were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry- thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TGA). 26218713 2 77 theme differential 477:488 arg1 analysis 530:537 differential scanning calorimetry- thermogravimetric analysis 477:537 differential scanning calorimetry- thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TGA) 477:547 The composition and morphology of composite microspheres were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry- thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TGA). 26218713 4 78 theme microspheres 802:813 arg1 properties 784:793 drug release properties 771:793 drug release properties of the microspheres 771:813 ICA, the extract of traditional Chinese medicine-epimedium, was combined to study drug release properties of the microspheres. 26218713 9 79 theme CS-based 1540:1547 arg1 microspheres 1574:1585 the ICA loaded CS-based organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres 1525:1585 the ICA loaded CS-based organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres 1525:1585 It can be speculated that the ICA loaded CS-based organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres might have potential applications in drug delivery systems. 26218713 1 80 theme organic-inorganic 220:236 arg1 microspheres 245:256 organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres 220:256 organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres for drug delivery carrier 220:282 In this work, we encapsulated icariin (ICA) into chitosan (CS)/nano hydroxyapatite (nHAP) composite microspheres to form organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres for drug delivery carrier. 25843829 0 0 theme statistical 91:101 arg1 optimization 103:114 its statistical optimization 87:114 its statistical optimization 87:114 Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory levan produced from Acetobacter xylinum NCIM2526 and its statistical optimization. 25843829 2 1 theme important 377:385 arg1 inhibitor 498:506 anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-AIDS and hyperglycaemic inhibitor 417:506 anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-AIDS and hyperglycaemic inhibitor 417:506 Along with the general properties of a biopolymer like bio-compatibility, bio-degradability, renewability, flexibility, and eco-friendliness, levan also offers some important biomedical properties such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-AIDS and hyperglycaemic inhibitor. 25843829 2 1 theme important 377:385 arg1 properties 398:407 some important biomedical properties 372:407 some important biomedical properties such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-AIDS and hyperglycaemic inhibitor 372:506 Along with the general properties of a biopolymer like bio-compatibility, bio-degradability, renewability, flexibility, and eco-friendliness, levan also offers some important biomedical properties such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-AIDS and hyperglycaemic inhibitor. 25843829 3 2 theme microbial 549:557 arg1 production 559:568 the microbial production 545:568 the microbial production of therapeutically potential levan by batch fermentation process in sucrose rich medium using Acetobacter xylinum NCIM 2526 545:692 In this study, we have demonstrated the microbial production of therapeutically potential levan by batch fermentation process in sucrose rich medium using Acetobacter xylinum NCIM 2526. 25843829 6 3 theme statistical 1100:1110 arg1 method 1112:1117 a statistical method 1098:1117 a statistical method 1098:1117 Further the present study also focused on the optimization of levan production using one factor at a time approach followed by a statistical method, central composite design (CCD) with selected variables. 25843829 6 3 theme statistical 1100:1110 arg1 design 1138:1143 central composite design 1120:1143 central composite design (CCD) with selected variables 1120:1173 Further the present study also focused on the optimization of levan production using one factor at a time approach followed by a statistical method, central composite design (CCD) with selected variables. 25843829 6 4 with design 1138:1143 arg1 variables 1165:1173 selected variables 1156:1173 selected variables 1156:1173 Further the present study also focused on the optimization of levan production using one factor at a time approach followed by a statistical method, central composite design (CCD) with selected variables. 25843829 3 5 theme levan 599:603 arg1 production 559:568 the microbial production 545:568 the microbial production of therapeutically potential levan by batch fermentation process in sucrose rich medium using Acetobacter xylinum NCIM 2526 545:692 In this study, we have demonstrated the microbial production of therapeutically potential levan by batch fermentation process in sucrose rich medium using Acetobacter xylinum NCIM 2526. 25843829 6 6 theme selected 1156:1163 arg1 variables 1165:1173 selected variables 1156:1173 selected variables 1156:1173 Further the present study also focused on the optimization of levan production using one factor at a time approach followed by a statistical method, central composite design (CCD) with selected variables. 25843829 3 7 from production 559:568 arg1 medium 651:656 sucrose rich medium 638:656 sucrose rich medium using Acetobacter xylinum NCIM 2526 638:692 In this study, we have demonstrated the microbial production of therapeutically potential levan by batch fermentation process in sucrose rich medium using Acetobacter xylinum NCIM 2526. 25843829 5 8 theme anti-oxidant 901:912 arg1 activities 936:945 its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities 897:945 its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities 897:945 The biomedical potential of the isolated A. xylinum levan for its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities was exploited in vitro. 25843829 3 9 theme rich 646:649 arg1 medium 651:656 sucrose rich medium 638:656 sucrose rich medium using Acetobacter xylinum NCIM 2526 638:692 In this study, we have demonstrated the microbial production of therapeutically potential levan by batch fermentation process in sucrose rich medium using Acetobacter xylinum NCIM 2526. 25843829 6 10 theme central 1120:1126 arg1 method 1112:1117 a statistical method 1098:1117 a statistical method 1098:1117 Further the present study also focused on the optimization of levan production using one factor at a time approach followed by a statistical method, central composite design (CCD) with selected variables. 25843829 6 10 theme central 1120:1126 arg1 CCD 1146:1148 CCD 1146:1148 CCD 1146:1148 Further the present study also focused on the optimization of levan production using one factor at a time approach followed by a statistical method, central composite design (CCD) with selected variables. 25843829 6 10 theme central 1120:1126 arg1 design 1138:1143 central composite design 1120:1143 central composite design (CCD) with selected variables 1120:1173 Further the present study also focused on the optimization of levan production using one factor at a time approach followed by a statistical method, central composite design (CCD) with selected variables. 25843829 4 11 theme C 801:801 arg1 spectroscopy 807:818 (13)C NMR spectroscopy 797:818 (13)C NMR spectroscopy 797:818 The produced Levan was characterized using various physicochemical techniques such as FTIR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR spectroscopy, TGA and HPLC. 25843829 4 11 theme C 801:801 arg1 FTIR 781:784 FTIR 781:784 FTIR 781:784 The produced Levan was characterized using various physicochemical techniques such as FTIR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR spectroscopy, TGA and HPLC. 25843829 4 11 theme C 801:801 arg1 techniques 762:771 various physicochemical techniques 738:771 various physicochemical techniques such as FTIR 738:784 The produced Levan was characterized using various physicochemical techniques such as FTIR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR spectroscopy, TGA and HPLC. 25843829 5 12 theme isolated 867:874 arg1 levan 887:891 the isolated A. xylinum levan 863:891 the isolated A. xylinum levan 863:891 The biomedical potential of the isolated A. xylinum levan for its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities was exploited in vitro. 25843829 7 13 theme levan 1189:1193 arg1 yield 1180:1184 The yield 1176:1184 The yield of levan 1176:1193 The yield of levan was increased significantly from 0.54 to 13.25g/L with the optimized variables. 25843829 0 14 theme Antioxidant 0:10 arg1 levan 34:38 Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory levan 0:38 Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory levan 0:38 Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory levan produced from Acetobacter xylinum NCIM2526 and its statistical optimization. 25843829 2 15 theme anti-oxidant 417:428 arg1 inhibitor 498:506 anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-AIDS and hyperglycaemic inhibitor 417:506 anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-AIDS and hyperglycaemic inhibitor 417:506 Along with the general properties of a biopolymer like bio-compatibility, bio-degradability, renewability, flexibility, and eco-friendliness, levan also offers some important biomedical properties such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-AIDS and hyperglycaemic inhibitor. 25843829 7 16 theme optimized 1254:1262 arg1 variables 1264:1272 the optimized variables 1250:1272 the optimized variables 1250:1272 The yield of levan was increased significantly from 0.54 to 13.25g/L with the optimized variables. 25843829 4 17 theme H 790:790 arg1 NMR 792:794 (1)H NMR 787:794 (1)H NMR 787:794 The produced Levan was characterized using various physicochemical techniques such as FTIR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR spectroscopy, TGA and HPLC. 25843829 4 17 theme H 790:790 arg1 techniques 762:771 various physicochemical techniques 738:771 various physicochemical techniques such as FTIR 738:784 The produced Levan was characterized using various physicochemical techniques such as FTIR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR spectroscopy, TGA and HPLC. 25843829 4 17 theme H 790:790 arg1 FTIR 781:784 FTIR 781:784 FTIR 781:784 The produced Levan was characterized using various physicochemical techniques such as FTIR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR spectroscopy, TGA and HPLC. 25843829 4 18 theme various 738:744 arg1 TGA 821:823 TGA 821:823 TGA 821:823 The produced Levan was characterized using various physicochemical techniques such as FTIR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR spectroscopy, TGA and HPLC. 25843829 4 18 theme various 738:744 arg1 techniques 762:771 various physicochemical techniques 738:771 various physicochemical techniques such as FTIR 738:784 The produced Levan was characterized using various physicochemical techniques such as FTIR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR spectroscopy, TGA and HPLC. 25843829 4 18 theme various 738:744 arg1 HPLC 829:832 HPLC 829:832 HPLC 829:832 The produced Levan was characterized using various physicochemical techniques such as FTIR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR spectroscopy, TGA and HPLC. 25843829 4 18 theme various 738:744 arg1 NMR 792:794 (1)H NMR 787:794 (1)H NMR 787:794 The produced Levan was characterized using various physicochemical techniques such as FTIR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR spectroscopy, TGA and HPLC. 25843829 4 18 theme various 738:744 arg1 spectroscopy 807:818 (13)C NMR spectroscopy 797:818 (13)C NMR spectroscopy 797:818 The produced Levan was characterized using various physicochemical techniques such as FTIR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR spectroscopy, TGA and HPLC. 25843829 4 18 theme various 738:744 arg1 FTIR 781:784 FTIR 781:784 FTIR 781:784 The produced Levan was characterized using various physicochemical techniques such as FTIR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR spectroscopy, TGA and HPLC. 25843829 2 19 theme hyperglycaemic 483:496 arg1 inhibitor 498:506 anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-AIDS and hyperglycaemic inhibitor 417:506 anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-AIDS and hyperglycaemic inhibitor 417:506 Along with the general properties of a biopolymer like bio-compatibility, bio-degradability, renewability, flexibility, and eco-friendliness, levan also offers some important biomedical properties such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-AIDS and hyperglycaemic inhibitor. 25843829 5 20 theme levan 887:891 arg1 potential 850:858 The biomedical potential 835:858 The biomedical potential of the isolated A. xylinum levan for its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities 835:945 The biomedical potential of the isolated A. xylinum levan for its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities was exploited in vitro. 25843829 1 21 dep plants 185:190 arg1 the 181:183 the 181:183 the 181:183 Levan is a homopolymer of fructose naturally obtained from both the plants and microorganisms. 25843829 3 22 theme batch 608:612 arg1 process 627:633 batch fermentation process 608:633 batch fermentation process 608:633 In this study, we have demonstrated the microbial production of therapeutically potential levan by batch fermentation process in sucrose rich medium using Acetobacter xylinum NCIM 2526. 25843829 5 23 theme biomedical 839:848 arg1 potential 850:858 The biomedical potential 835:858 The biomedical potential of the isolated A. xylinum levan for its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities 835:945 The biomedical potential of the isolated A. xylinum levan for its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities was exploited in vitro. 25843829 0 24 theme anti-inflammatory 16:32 arg1 levan 34:38 Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory levan 0:38 Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory levan 0:38 Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory levan produced from Acetobacter xylinum NCIM2526 and its statistical optimization. 25843829 6 25 theme present 983:989 arg1 study 991:995 Further the present study 971:995 Further the present study 971:995 Further the present study also focused on the optimization of levan production using one factor at a time approach followed by a statistical method, central composite design (CCD) with selected variables. 25843829 3 26 theme fermentation 614:625 arg1 process 627:633 batch fermentation process 608:633 batch fermentation process 608:633 In this study, we have demonstrated the microbial production of therapeutically potential levan by batch fermentation process in sucrose rich medium using Acetobacter xylinum NCIM 2526. 25843829 2 27 theme anti-carcinogenic 450:466 arg1 inhibitor 498:506 anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-AIDS and hyperglycaemic inhibitor 417:506 anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-AIDS and hyperglycaemic inhibitor 417:506 Along with the general properties of a biopolymer like bio-compatibility, bio-degradability, renewability, flexibility, and eco-friendliness, levan also offers some important biomedical properties such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-AIDS and hyperglycaemic inhibitor. 25843829 6 28 theme time 1072:1075 arg1 approach 1077:1084 a time approach 1070:1084 a time approach followed by a statistical method, central composite design (CCD) with selected variables 1070:1173 Further the present study also focused on the optimization of levan production using one factor at a time approach followed by a statistical method, central composite design (CCD) with selected variables. 25843829 7 29 dep 13.25g/L 1236:1243 arg1 to 1233:1234 to 1233:1234 to 1233:1234 The yield of levan was increased significantly from 0.54 to 13.25g/L with the optimized variables. 25843829 2 30 theme anti-inflammatory 431:447 arg1 inhibitor 498:506 anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-AIDS and hyperglycaemic inhibitor 417:506 anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-AIDS and hyperglycaemic inhibitor 417:506 Along with the general properties of a biopolymer like bio-compatibility, bio-degradability, renewability, flexibility, and eco-friendliness, levan also offers some important biomedical properties such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-AIDS and hyperglycaemic inhibitor. 25843829 3 31 theme sucrose 638:644 arg1 medium 651:656 sucrose rich medium 638:656 sucrose rich medium using Acetobacter xylinum NCIM 2526 638:692 In this study, we have demonstrated the microbial production of therapeutically potential levan by batch fermentation process in sucrose rich medium using Acetobacter xylinum NCIM 2526. 25843829 5 32 theme anti-inflammatory 918:934 arg1 activities 936:945 its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities 897:945 its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities 897:945 The biomedical potential of the isolated A. xylinum levan for its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities was exploited in vitro. 25843829 0 33 theme Acetobacter 54:64 arg1 xylinum 66:72 Acetobacter xylinum NCIM2526 54:81 Acetobacter xylinum NCIM2526 54:81 Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory levan produced from Acetobacter xylinum NCIM2526 and its statistical optimization. 25843829 2 34 theme general 227:233 arg1 properties 235:244 the general properties 223:244 the general properties of a biopolymer like bio-compatibility, bio-degradability, renewability, flexibility, and eco-friendliness 223:351 Along with the general properties of a biopolymer like bio-compatibility, bio-degradability, renewability, flexibility, and eco-friendliness, levan also offers some important biomedical properties such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-AIDS and hyperglycaemic inhibitor. 25843829 4 35 dep NMR 792:794 arg1 1 788:788 1 788:788 1 788:788 The produced Levan was characterized using various physicochemical techniques such as FTIR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR spectroscopy, TGA and HPLC. 25843829 2 36 theme biopolymer 251:260 arg1 properties 235:244 the general properties 223:244 the general properties of a biopolymer like bio-compatibility, bio-degradability, renewability, flexibility, and eco-friendliness 223:351 Along with the general properties of a biopolymer like bio-compatibility, bio-degradability, renewability, flexibility, and eco-friendliness, levan also offers some important biomedical properties such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-AIDS and hyperglycaemic inhibitor. 25843829 4 37 theme physicochemical 746:760 arg1 TGA 821:823 TGA 821:823 TGA 821:823 The produced Levan was characterized using various physicochemical techniques such as FTIR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR spectroscopy, TGA and HPLC. 25843829 4 37 theme physicochemical 746:760 arg1 techniques 762:771 various physicochemical techniques 738:771 various physicochemical techniques such as FTIR 738:784 The produced Levan was characterized using various physicochemical techniques such as FTIR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR spectroscopy, TGA and HPLC. 25843829 4 37 theme physicochemical 746:760 arg1 HPLC 829:832 HPLC 829:832 HPLC 829:832 The produced Levan was characterized using various physicochemical techniques such as FTIR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR spectroscopy, TGA and HPLC. 25843829 4 37 theme physicochemical 746:760 arg1 NMR 792:794 (1)H NMR 787:794 (1)H NMR 787:794 The produced Levan was characterized using various physicochemical techniques such as FTIR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR spectroscopy, TGA and HPLC. 25843829 4 37 theme physicochemical 746:760 arg1 spectroscopy 807:818 (13)C NMR spectroscopy 797:818 (13)C NMR spectroscopy 797:818 The produced Levan was characterized using various physicochemical techniques such as FTIR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR spectroscopy, TGA and HPLC. 25843829 4 37 theme physicochemical 746:760 arg1 FTIR 781:784 FTIR 781:784 FTIR 781:784 The produced Levan was characterized using various physicochemical techniques such as FTIR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR spectroscopy, TGA and HPLC. 25843829 6 38 theme composite 1128:1136 arg1 method 1112:1117 a statistical method 1098:1117 a statistical method 1098:1117 Further the present study also focused on the optimization of levan production using one factor at a time approach followed by a statistical method, central composite design (CCD) with selected variables. 25843829 6 38 theme composite 1128:1136 arg1 CCD 1146:1148 CCD 1146:1148 CCD 1146:1148 Further the present study also focused on the optimization of levan production using one factor at a time approach followed by a statistical method, central composite design (CCD) with selected variables. 25843829 6 38 theme composite 1128:1136 arg1 design 1138:1143 central composite design 1120:1143 central composite design (CCD) with selected variables 1120:1173 Further the present study also focused on the optimization of levan production using one factor at a time approach followed by a statistical method, central composite design (CCD) with selected variables. 25843829 3 39 theme potential 589:597 arg1 levan 599:603 therapeutically potential levan 573:603 therapeutically potential levan 573:603 In this study, we have demonstrated the microbial production of therapeutically potential levan by batch fermentation process in sucrose rich medium using Acetobacter xylinum NCIM 2526. 25843829 4 40 theme NMR 803:805 arg1 spectroscopy 807:818 (13)C NMR spectroscopy 797:818 (13)C NMR spectroscopy 797:818 The produced Levan was characterized using various physicochemical techniques such as FTIR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR spectroscopy, TGA and HPLC. 25843829 4 40 theme NMR 803:805 arg1 FTIR 781:784 FTIR 781:784 FTIR 781:784 The produced Levan was characterized using various physicochemical techniques such as FTIR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR spectroscopy, TGA and HPLC. 25843829 4 40 theme NMR 803:805 arg1 techniques 762:771 various physicochemical techniques 738:771 various physicochemical techniques such as FTIR 738:784 The produced Levan was characterized using various physicochemical techniques such as FTIR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR spectroscopy, TGA and HPLC. 25843829 1 41 theme fructose 143:150 arg1 Levan 117:121 Levan 117:121 Levan 117:121 Levan is a homopolymer of fructose naturally obtained from both the plants and microorganisms. 25843829 1 41 theme fructose 143:150 arg1 homopolymer 128:138 a homopolymer 126:138 a homopolymer of fructose naturally obtained from both the plants and microorganisms 126:209 Levan is a homopolymer of fructose naturally obtained from both the plants and microorganisms. 25843829 6 42 theme production 1039:1048 arg1 optimization 1017:1028 the optimization 1013:1028 the optimization of levan production using one factor at a time approach followed by a statistical method, central composite design (CCD) with selected variables 1013:1173 Further the present study also focused on the optimization of levan production using one factor at a time approach followed by a statistical method, central composite design (CCD) with selected variables. 25843829 4 43 theme produced 699:706 arg1 Levan 708:712 The produced Levan 695:712 The produced Levan 695:712 The produced Levan was characterized using various physicochemical techniques such as FTIR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR spectroscopy, TGA and HPLC. 25843829 3 44 theme Acetobacter 664:674 arg1 NCIM 684:687 Acetobacter xylinum NCIM 2526 664:692 Acetobacter xylinum NCIM 2526 664:692 In this study, we have demonstrated the microbial production of therapeutically potential levan by batch fermentation process in sucrose rich medium using Acetobacter xylinum NCIM 2526. 25843829 2 45 theme anti-AIDS 469:477 arg1 inhibitor 498:506 anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-AIDS and hyperglycaemic inhibitor 417:506 anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-AIDS and hyperglycaemic inhibitor 417:506 Along with the general properties of a biopolymer like bio-compatibility, bio-degradability, renewability, flexibility, and eco-friendliness, levan also offers some important biomedical properties such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-AIDS and hyperglycaemic inhibitor. 25843829 5 46 dep A. 876:877 arg1 xylinum 879:885 xylinum 879:885 xylinum 879:885 The biomedical potential of the isolated A. xylinum levan for its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities was exploited in vitro. 25843829 5 47 theme A. 876:877 arg1 levan 887:891 the isolated A. xylinum levan 863:891 the isolated A. xylinum levan 863:891 The biomedical potential of the isolated A. xylinum levan for its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities was exploited in vitro. 25843829 6 48 theme levan 1033:1037 arg1 production 1039:1048 levan production 1033:1048 levan production using one factor at a time approach followed by a statistical method, central composite design (CCD) with selected variables 1033:1173 Further the present study also focused on the optimization of levan production using one factor at a time approach followed by a statistical method, central composite design (CCD) with selected variables. 25843829 3 49 theme xylinum 676:682 arg1 NCIM 684:687 Acetobacter xylinum NCIM 2526 664:692 Acetobacter xylinum NCIM 2526 664:692 In this study, we have demonstrated the microbial production of therapeutically potential levan by batch fermentation process in sucrose rich medium using Acetobacter xylinum NCIM 2526. 25843829 2 50 theme biomedical 387:396 arg1 inhibitor 498:506 anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-AIDS and hyperglycaemic inhibitor 417:506 anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-AIDS and hyperglycaemic inhibitor 417:506 Along with the general properties of a biopolymer like bio-compatibility, bio-degradability, renewability, flexibility, and eco-friendliness, levan also offers some important biomedical properties such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-AIDS and hyperglycaemic inhibitor. 25843829 2 50 theme biomedical 387:396 arg1 properties 398:407 some important biomedical properties 372:407 some important biomedical properties such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-AIDS and hyperglycaemic inhibitor 372:506 Along with the general properties of a biopolymer like bio-compatibility, bio-degradability, renewability, flexibility, and eco-friendliness, levan also offers some important biomedical properties such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-AIDS and hyperglycaemic inhibitor. 25498666 5 0 theme thermogravimetric 660:676 arg1 TGA 688:690 TGA 688:690 TGA 688:690 All the produced BC pellicles were characterized in terms of dry weight production, biomass yield, thermal stability, crystallinity and morphology by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). 25498666 5 0 theme thermogravimetric 660:676 arg1 analysis 678:685 thermogravimetric analysis 660:685 thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 660:691 All the produced BC pellicles were characterized in terms of dry weight production, biomass yield, thermal stability, crystallinity and morphology by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). 25498666 6 1 theme highest 831:837 arg1 yield 839:843 the highest yield 827:843 the highest yield 827:843 The obtained results showed that mannitol lead to the highest yield, followed by sucrose. 25498666 7 2 theme mannitol 904:911 arg1 due 922:924 due 922:924 due 922:924 The highest production efficiency of mannitol might be due to the nitrogen source, which plays an important role. 25498666 7 2 theme mannitol 904:911 arg1 efficiency 890:899 The highest production efficiency 867:899 The highest production efficiency of mannitol 867:911 The highest production efficiency of mannitol might be due to the nitrogen source, which plays an important role. 25498666 1 3 theme culture 132:138 arg1 media 140:144 culture media 132:144 culture media 132:144 In this work, the effects of carbon sources and culture media on the production and structural properties of bacterial cellulose (BC) have been studied. 25498666 7 4 theme nitrogen 933:940 arg1 source 942:947 the nitrogen source 929:947 the nitrogen source 929:947 The highest production efficiency of mannitol might be due to the nitrogen source, which plays an important role. 25498666 6 5 theme obtained 781:788 arg1 results 790:796 The obtained results 777:796 The obtained results 777:796 The obtained results showed that mannitol lead to the highest yield, followed by sucrose. 25498666 10 6 theme BC 1229:1230 arg1 stable 1290:1295 stable 1290:1295 stable 1290:1295 FE-SEM micrographs illustrated that the BC pellicles, synthesized in the culture media H and Z, were stable, unlike those in medium Y that were unstable. 25498666 10 6 theme BC 1229:1230 arg1 pellicles 1232:1240 the BC pellicles 1225:1240 the BC pellicles 1225:1240 FE-SEM micrographs illustrated that the BC pellicles, synthesized in the culture media H and Z, were stable, unlike those in medium Y that were unstable. 25498666 1 7 theme media 140:144 arg1 effects 102:108 the effects 98:108 the effects of carbon sources and culture media on the production and structural properties of bacterial cellulose (BC) 98:216 In this work, the effects of carbon sources and culture media on the production and structural properties of bacterial cellulose (BC) have been studied. 25498666 5 8 theme stability 617:625 arg1 terms 562:566 terms 562:566 terms of dry weight production, biomass yield, thermal stability, crystallinity and morphology 562:655 All the produced BC pellicles were characterized in terms of dry weight production, biomass yield, thermal stability, crystallinity and morphology by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). 25498666 10 9 theme culture 1262:1268 arg1 media 1270:1274 the culture media H and Z 1258:1282 the culture media H and Z 1258:1282 FE-SEM micrographs illustrated that the BC pellicles, synthesized in the culture media H and Z, were stable, unlike those in medium Y that were unstable. 25498666 10 9 theme culture 1262:1268 arg1 Z 1282:1282 Z 1282:1282 Z 1282:1282 FE-SEM micrographs illustrated that the BC pellicles, synthesized in the culture media H and Z, were stable, unlike those in medium Y that were unstable. 25498666 10 9 theme culture 1262:1268 arg1 H 1276:1276 H 1276:1276 H 1276:1276 FE-SEM micrographs illustrated that the BC pellicles, synthesized in the culture media H and Z, were stable, unlike those in medium Y that were unstable. 25498666 7 10 theme important 965:973 arg1 role 975:978 an important role 962:978 an important role 962:978 The highest production efficiency of mannitol might be due to the nitrogen source, which plays an important role. 25498666 1 11 theme carbon 113:118 arg1 sources 120:126 carbon sources 113:126 carbon sources 113:126 In this work, the effects of carbon sources and culture media on the production and structural properties of bacterial cellulose (BC) have been studied. 25498666 5 12 theme crystallinity 628:640 arg1 terms 562:566 terms 562:566 terms of dry weight production, biomass yield, thermal stability, crystallinity and morphology 562:655 All the produced BC pellicles were characterized in terms of dry weight production, biomass yield, thermal stability, crystallinity and morphology by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). 25498666 4 13 theme carbon 398:403 arg1 sucrose 452:458 sucrose 452:458 sucrose 452:458 Five different carbon sources, namely date syrup, glucose, mannitol, sucrose, and food-grade sucrose were used in these media. 25498666 4 13 theme carbon 398:403 arg1 glucose 433:439 glucose 433:439 glucose 433:439 Five different carbon sources, namely date syrup, glucose, mannitol, sucrose, and food-grade sucrose were used in these media. 25498666 4 13 theme carbon 398:403 arg1 mannitol 442:449 mannitol 442:449 mannitol 442:449 Five different carbon sources, namely date syrup, glucose, mannitol, sucrose, and food-grade sucrose were used in these media. 25498666 4 13 theme carbon 398:403 arg1 sources 405:411 Five different carbon sources 383:411 Five different carbon sources 383:411 Five different carbon sources, namely date syrup, glucose, mannitol, sucrose, and food-grade sucrose were used in these media. 25498666 4 13 theme carbon 398:403 arg1 sucrose 476:482 food-grade sucrose 465:482 food-grade sucrose 465:482 Five different carbon sources, namely date syrup, glucose, mannitol, sucrose, and food-grade sucrose were used in these media. 25498666 5 14 theme produced 518:525 arg1 pellicles 530:538 All the produced BC pellicles 510:538 All the produced BC pellicles 510:538 All the produced BC pellicles were characterized in terms of dry weight production, biomass yield, thermal stability, crystallinity and morphology by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). 25498666 8 15 theme maximum 985:991 arg1 improvement 993:1003 The maximum improvement 981:1003 The maximum improvement on the thermal stability of the composites 981:1046 The maximum improvement on the thermal stability of the composites was achieved when mannitol was used in H medium. 25498666 5 16 theme emission 729:736 arg1 FE-SEM 768:773 FE-SEM 768:773 FE-SEM 768:773 All the produced BC pellicles were characterized in terms of dry weight production, biomass yield, thermal stability, crystallinity and morphology by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). 25498666 5 16 theme emission 729:736 arg1 microscopy 756:765 field emission scanning electron microscopy 723:765 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) 723:774 All the produced BC pellicles were characterized in terms of dry weight production, biomass yield, thermal stability, crystallinity and morphology by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). 25498666 10 17 dep media 1270:1274 arg1 media 1270:1274 the culture media H and Z 1258:1282 the culture media H and Z 1258:1282 FE-SEM micrographs illustrated that the BC pellicles, synthesized in the culture media H and Z, were stable, unlike those in medium Y that were unstable. 25498666 10 17 dep media 1270:1274 arg1 Z 1282:1282 Z 1282:1282 Z 1282:1282 FE-SEM micrographs illustrated that the BC pellicles, synthesized in the culture media H and Z, were stable, unlike those in medium Y that were unstable. 25498666 10 17 dep media 1270:1274 arg1 H 1276:1276 H 1276:1276 H 1276:1276 FE-SEM micrographs illustrated that the BC pellicles, synthesized in the culture media H and Z, were stable, unlike those in medium Y that were unstable. 25498666 11 18 theme adhesion 1459:1466 arg1 evidence 1424:1431 evidence 1424:1431 evidence of the strong interfacial adhesion between the BC fibers without noticeable aggregates 1424:1518 The micrographs of BC produced in media containing mannitol and sucrose provided evidence of the strong interfacial adhesion between the BC fibers without noticeable aggregates. 25498666 5 19 theme BC 527:528 arg1 pellicles 530:538 All the produced BC pellicles 510:538 All the produced BC pellicles 510:538 All the produced BC pellicles were characterized in terms of dry weight production, biomass yield, thermal stability, crystallinity and morphology by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). 25498666 11 20 theme BC 1362:1363 arg1 micrographs 1347:1357 The micrographs 1343:1357 The micrographs of BC produced in media containing mannitol and sucrose 1343:1413 The micrographs of BC produced in media containing mannitol and sucrose provided evidence of the strong interfacial adhesion between the BC fibers without noticeable aggregates. 25498666 2 21 theme BC 237:238 arg1 nanofibers 240:249 BC nanofibers 237:249 BC nanofibers 237:249 BC nanofibers were synthesized using Gluconacetobacter xylinus strain PTCC 1734. 25498666 5 22 theme scanning 738:745 arg1 FE-SEM 768:773 FE-SEM 768:773 FE-SEM 768:773 All the produced BC pellicles were characterized in terms of dry weight production, biomass yield, thermal stability, crystallinity and morphology by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). 25498666 5 22 theme scanning 738:745 arg1 microscopy 756:765 field emission scanning electron microscopy 723:765 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) 723:774 All the produced BC pellicles were characterized in terms of dry weight production, biomass yield, thermal stability, crystallinity and morphology by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). 25498666 5 23 theme x-ray 694:698 arg1 diffraction 700:710 x-ray diffraction 694:710 x-ray diffraction (XRD) 694:716 All the produced BC pellicles were characterized in terms of dry weight production, biomass yield, thermal stability, crystallinity and morphology by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). 25498666 5 23 theme x-ray 694:698 arg1 XRD 713:715 XRD 713:715 XRD 713:715 All the produced BC pellicles were characterized in terms of dry weight production, biomass yield, thermal stability, crystallinity and morphology by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). 25498666 9 24 theme H 1155:1155 arg1 medium 1157:1162 H medium 1155:1162 H medium 1155:1162 In addition, the crystallinity was higher in BC formed in H medium compared to other media. 25498666 5 25 theme morphology 646:655 arg1 terms 562:566 terms 562:566 terms of dry weight production, biomass yield, thermal stability, crystallinity and morphology 562:655 All the produced BC pellicles were characterized in terms of dry weight production, biomass yield, thermal stability, crystallinity and morphology by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). 25498666 2 26 theme strain 300:305 arg1 1734 312:315 Gluconacetobacter xylinus strain PTCC 1734 274:315 Gluconacetobacter xylinus strain PTCC 1734 274:315 BC nanofibers were synthesized using Gluconacetobacter xylinus strain PTCC 1734. 25498666 8 27 used used 1079:1082 arg2 mannitol 1066:1073 mannitol 1066:1073 mannitol 1066:1073 The maximum improvement on the thermal stability of the composites was achieved when mannitol was used in H medium. 25498666 5 28 theme electron 747:754 arg1 FE-SEM 768:773 FE-SEM 768:773 FE-SEM 768:773 All the produced BC pellicles were characterized in terms of dry weight production, biomass yield, thermal stability, crystallinity and morphology by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). 25498666 5 28 theme electron 747:754 arg1 microscopy 756:765 field emission scanning electron microscopy 723:765 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) 723:774 All the produced BC pellicles were characterized in terms of dry weight production, biomass yield, thermal stability, crystallinity and morphology by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). 25498666 11 29 theme BC 1480:1481 arg1 fibers 1483:1488 the BC fibers 1476:1488 the BC fibers without noticeable aggregates 1476:1518 The micrographs of BC produced in media containing mannitol and sucrose provided evidence of the strong interfacial adhesion between the BC fibers without noticeable aggregates. 25498666 2 30 theme xylinus 292:298 arg1 1734 312:315 Gluconacetobacter xylinus strain PTCC 1734 274:315 Gluconacetobacter xylinus strain PTCC 1734 274:315 BC nanofibers were synthesized using Gluconacetobacter xylinus strain PTCC 1734. 25498666 0 31 theme cellulose 24:32 arg1 Production 0:9 Production 0:9 Production of bacterial cellulose 0:32 Production of bacterial cellulose using different carbon sources and culture media. 25498666 5 32 theme biomass 594:600 arg1 yield 602:606 biomass yield 594:606 biomass yield 594:606 All the produced BC pellicles were characterized in terms of dry weight production, biomass yield, thermal stability, crystallinity and morphology by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). 25498666 1 33 from effects 102:108 arg1 production 153:162 production 153:162 production 153:162 In this work, the effects of carbon sources and culture media on the production and structural properties of bacterial cellulose (BC) have been studied. 25498666 1 33 from effects 102:108 arg1 properties 179:188 structural properties 168:188 structural properties 168:188 In this work, the effects of carbon sources and culture media on the production and structural properties of bacterial cellulose (BC) have been studied. 25498666 2 34 theme Gluconacetobacter 274:290 arg1 1734 312:315 Gluconacetobacter xylinus strain PTCC 1734 274:315 Gluconacetobacter xylinus strain PTCC 1734 274:315 BC nanofibers were synthesized using Gluconacetobacter xylinus strain PTCC 1734. 25498666 1 35 theme structural 168:177 arg1 properties 179:188 structural properties 168:188 structural properties 168:188 In this work, the effects of carbon sources and culture media on the production and structural properties of bacterial cellulose (BC) have been studied. 25498666 0 36 theme bacterial 14:22 arg1 cellulose 24:32 bacterial cellulose 14:32 bacterial cellulose 14:32 Production of bacterial cellulose using different carbon sources and culture media. 25498666 4 37 dep sources 405:411 arg1 date 421:424 date 421:424 date syrup 421:430 Five different carbon sources, namely date syrup, glucose, mannitol, sucrose, and food-grade sucrose were used in these media. 25498666 5 38 theme yield 602:606 arg1 terms 562:566 terms 562:566 terms of dry weight production, biomass yield, thermal stability, crystallinity and morphology 562:655 All the produced BC pellicles were characterized in terms of dry weight production, biomass yield, thermal stability, crystallinity and morphology by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). 25498666 11 39 theme noticeable 1498:1507 arg1 aggregates 1509:1518 noticeable aggregates 1498:1518 noticeable aggregates 1498:1518 The micrographs of BC produced in media containing mannitol and sucrose provided evidence of the strong interfacial adhesion between the BC fibers without noticeable aggregates. 25498666 0 40 theme different 40:48 arg1 sources 57:63 different carbon sources 40:63 different carbon sources 40:63 Production of bacterial cellulose using different carbon sources and culture media. 25498666 4 41 theme food-grade 465:474 arg1 sources 405:411 Five different carbon sources 383:411 Five different carbon sources 383:411 Five different carbon sources, namely date syrup, glucose, mannitol, sucrose, and food-grade sucrose were used in these media. 25498666 4 41 theme food-grade 465:474 arg1 sucrose 476:482 food-grade sucrose 465:482 food-grade sucrose 465:482 Five different carbon sources, namely date syrup, glucose, mannitol, sucrose, and food-grade sucrose were used in these media. 25498666 8 42 from improvement 993:1003 arg1 stability 1020:1028 the thermal stability 1008:1028 the thermal stability of the composites 1008:1046 The maximum improvement on the thermal stability of the composites was achieved when mannitol was used in H medium. 25498666 1 43 dep production 153:162 arg1 the 149:151 the 149:151 the 149:151 In this work, the effects of carbon sources and culture media on the production and structural properties of bacterial cellulose (BC) have been studied. 25498666 8 44 theme H 1087:1087 arg1 medium 1089:1094 H medium 1087:1094 H medium 1087:1094 The maximum improvement on the thermal stability of the composites was achieved when mannitol was used in H medium. 25498666 5 45 theme thermal 609:615 arg1 stability 617:625 thermal stability 609:625 thermal stability 609:625 All the produced BC pellicles were characterized in terms of dry weight production, biomass yield, thermal stability, crystallinity and morphology by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). 25498666 4 46 theme different 388:396 arg1 sucrose 452:458 sucrose 452:458 sucrose 452:458 Five different carbon sources, namely date syrup, glucose, mannitol, sucrose, and food-grade sucrose were used in these media. 25498666 4 46 theme different 388:396 arg1 glucose 433:439 glucose 433:439 glucose 433:439 Five different carbon sources, namely date syrup, glucose, mannitol, sucrose, and food-grade sucrose were used in these media. 25498666 4 46 theme different 388:396 arg1 mannitol 442:449 mannitol 442:449 mannitol 442:449 Five different carbon sources, namely date syrup, glucose, mannitol, sucrose, and food-grade sucrose were used in these media. 25498666 4 46 theme different 388:396 arg1 sources 405:411 Five different carbon sources 383:411 Five different carbon sources 383:411 Five different carbon sources, namely date syrup, glucose, mannitol, sucrose, and food-grade sucrose were used in these media. 25498666 4 46 theme different 388:396 arg1 sucrose 476:482 food-grade sucrose 465:482 food-grade sucrose 465:482 Five different carbon sources, namely date syrup, glucose, mannitol, sucrose, and food-grade sucrose were used in these media. 25498666 7 47 theme production 879:888 arg1 due 922:924 due 922:924 due 922:924 The highest production efficiency of mannitol might be due to the nitrogen source, which plays an important role. 25498666 7 47 theme production 879:888 arg1 efficiency 890:899 The highest production efficiency 867:899 The highest production efficiency of mannitol 867:911 The highest production efficiency of mannitol might be due to the nitrogen source, which plays an important role. 25498666 1 48 theme bacterial 193:201 arg1 BC 214:215 BC 214:215 BC 214:215 In this work, the effects of carbon sources and culture media on the production and structural properties of bacterial cellulose (BC) have been studied. 25498666 1 48 theme bacterial 193:201 arg1 cellulose 203:211 bacterial cellulose 193:211 bacterial cellulose (BC) 193:216 In this work, the effects of carbon sources and culture media on the production and structural properties of bacterial cellulose (BC) have been studied. 25498666 8 49 theme thermal 1012:1018 arg1 stability 1020:1028 the thermal stability 1008:1028 the thermal stability of the composites 1008:1046 The maximum improvement on the thermal stability of the composites was achieved when mannitol was used in H medium. 25498666 5 50 theme dry 571:573 arg1 production 582:591 dry weight production 571:591 dry weight production 571:591 All the produced BC pellicles were characterized in terms of dry weight production, biomass yield, thermal stability, crystallinity and morphology by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). 25498666 6 51 dep lead 819:822 arg1 followed 846:853 followed 846:853 followed by sucrose 846:864 The obtained results showed that mannitol lead to the highest yield, followed by sucrose. 25498666 10 52 theme medium 1314:1319 arg1 Y 1321:1321 medium Y 1314:1321 medium Y that were unstable 1314:1340 FE-SEM micrographs illustrated that the BC pellicles, synthesized in the culture media H and Z, were stable, unlike those in medium Y that were unstable. 25498666 0 53 theme carbon 50:55 arg1 sources 57:63 different carbon sources 40:63 different carbon sources 40:63 Production of bacterial cellulose using different carbon sources and culture media. 25498666 5 54 theme weight 575:580 arg1 production 582:591 dry weight production 571:591 dry weight production 571:591 All the produced BC pellicles were characterized in terms of dry weight production, biomass yield, thermal stability, crystallinity and morphology by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). 25498666 11 55 contain containing 1383:1392 arg2 sucrose 1407:1413 sucrose 1407:1413 sucrose 1407:1413 The micrographs of BC produced in media containing mannitol and sucrose provided evidence of the strong interfacial adhesion between the BC fibers without noticeable aggregates. 25498666 11 55 contain containing 1383:1392 arg2 mannitol 1394:1401 mannitol 1394:1401 mannitol 1394:1401 The micrographs of BC produced in media containing mannitol and sucrose provided evidence of the strong interfacial adhesion between the BC fibers without noticeable aggregates. 25498666 11 55 contain containing 1383:1392 arg1 media 1377:1381 media 1377:1381 media containing mannitol and sucrose 1377:1413 The micrographs of BC produced in media containing mannitol and sucrose provided evidence of the strong interfacial adhesion between the BC fibers without noticeable aggregates. 25498666 5 56 theme production 582:591 arg1 terms 562:566 terms 562:566 terms of dry weight production, biomass yield, thermal stability, crystallinity and morphology 562:655 All the produced BC pellicles were characterized in terms of dry weight production, biomass yield, thermal stability, crystallinity and morphology by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). 25498666 9 57 theme other 1176:1180 arg1 media 1182:1186 other media 1176:1186 other media 1176:1186 In addition, the crystallinity was higher in BC formed in H medium compared to other media. 25498666 7 58 theme highest 871:877 arg1 due 922:924 due 922:924 due 922:924 The highest production efficiency of mannitol might be due to the nitrogen source, which plays an important role. 25498666 7 58 theme highest 871:877 arg1 efficiency 890:899 The highest production efficiency 867:899 The highest production efficiency of mannitol 867:911 The highest production efficiency of mannitol might be due to the nitrogen source, which plays an important role. 25498666 1 59 theme cellulose 203:211 arg1 production 153:162 production 153:162 production 153:162 In this work, the effects of carbon sources and culture media on the production and structural properties of bacterial cellulose (BC) have been studied. 25498666 1 59 theme cellulose 203:211 arg1 properties 179:188 structural properties 168:188 structural properties 168:188 In this work, the effects of carbon sources and culture media on the production and structural properties of bacterial cellulose (BC) have been studied. 25498666 4 60 used used 489:492 arg2 sucrose 476:482 food-grade sucrose 465:482 food-grade sucrose 465:482 Five different carbon sources, namely date syrup, glucose, mannitol, sucrose, and food-grade sucrose were used in these media. 25498666 4 60 used used 489:492 arg2 glucose 433:439 glucose 433:439 glucose 433:439 Five different carbon sources, namely date syrup, glucose, mannitol, sucrose, and food-grade sucrose were used in these media. 25498666 4 60 used used 489:492 arg2 sucrose 452:458 sucrose 452:458 sucrose 452:458 Five different carbon sources, namely date syrup, glucose, mannitol, sucrose, and food-grade sucrose were used in these media. 25498666 4 60 used used 489:492 arg2 mannitol 442:449 mannitol 442:449 mannitol 442:449 Five different carbon sources, namely date syrup, glucose, mannitol, sucrose, and food-grade sucrose were used in these media. 25498666 4 60 used used 489:492 arg2 sources 405:411 Five different carbon sources 383:411 Five different carbon sources 383:411 Five different carbon sources, namely date syrup, glucose, mannitol, sucrose, and food-grade sucrose were used in these media. 25498666 2 61 theme PTCC 307:310 arg1 1734 312:315 Gluconacetobacter xylinus strain PTCC 1734 274:315 Gluconacetobacter xylinus strain PTCC 1734 274:315 BC nanofibers were synthesized using Gluconacetobacter xylinus strain PTCC 1734. 25498666 11 62 theme interfacial 1447:1457 arg1 adhesion 1459:1466 the strong interfacial adhesion 1436:1466 the strong interfacial adhesion between the BC fibers without noticeable aggregates 1436:1518 The micrographs of BC produced in media containing mannitol and sucrose provided evidence of the strong interfacial adhesion between the BC fibers without noticeable aggregates. 25498666 0 63 theme culture 69:75 arg1 media 77:81 culture media 69:81 culture media 69:81 Production of bacterial cellulose using different carbon sources and culture media. 25498666 5 64 theme field 723:727 arg1 FE-SEM 768:773 FE-SEM 768:773 FE-SEM 768:773 All the produced BC pellicles were characterized in terms of dry weight production, biomass yield, thermal stability, crystallinity and morphology by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). 25498666 5 64 theme field 723:727 arg1 microscopy 756:765 field emission scanning electron microscopy 723:765 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) 723:774 All the produced BC pellicles were characterized in terms of dry weight production, biomass yield, thermal stability, crystallinity and morphology by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). 25498666 10 65 theme FE-SEM 1189:1194 arg1 micrographs 1196:1206 FE-SEM micrographs 1189:1206 FE-SEM micrographs 1189:1206 FE-SEM micrographs illustrated that the BC pellicles, synthesized in the culture media H and Z, were stable, unlike those in medium Y that were unstable. 25498666 1 66 theme sources 120:126 arg1 effects 102:108 the effects 98:108 the effects of carbon sources and culture media on the production and structural properties of bacterial cellulose (BC) 98:216 In this work, the effects of carbon sources and culture media on the production and structural properties of bacterial cellulose (BC) have been studied. 25498666 11 67 theme strong 1440:1445 arg1 adhesion 1459:1466 the strong interfacial adhesion 1436:1466 the strong interfacial adhesion between the BC fibers without noticeable aggregates 1436:1518 The micrographs of BC produced in media containing mannitol and sucrose provided evidence of the strong interfacial adhesion between the BC fibers without noticeable aggregates. 25498666 8 68 theme composites 1037:1046 arg1 stability 1020:1028 the thermal stability 1008:1028 the thermal stability of the composites 1008:1046 The maximum improvement on the thermal stability of the composites was achieved when mannitol was used in H medium. 27480443 0 0 theme Drying 106:111 arg1 Method 113:118 Spray Drying Method 100:118 Spray Drying Method 100:118 Development and Characterization of Multifunctional Directly Compressible Co-processed Excipient by Spray Drying Method. 27480443 12 1 theme Dilution 1415:1422 arg1 potential 1424:1432 Dilution potential 1415:1432 Dilution potential 1415:1432 Dilution potential was found to be 40%, and based on that, tablets of the model drug were formulated and evaluated for general evaluation parameters of tablets. 27480443 13 2 theme compressible 1693:1704 arg1 excipient 1719:1727 the multifunctional directly compressible co-processed excipient 1664:1727 the multifunctional directly compressible co-processed excipient 1664:1727 All the parameters were found to be within the acceptance criteria which concluded that the multifunctional directly compressible co-processed excipient was prepared successfully that improved the compressibility of the poorly compressible model drug etodolac along with spray drying as an efficient method for the preparation of co-processed excipient. 27480443 5 3 theme D-optimal 548:556 arg1 design 566:571 D-optimal mixture design 548:571 D-optimal mixture design 548:571 D-optimal mixture design was applied to optimize the proportion of component excipients. 27480443 12 4 theme general 1534:1540 arg1 parameters 1553:1562 general evaluation parameters 1534:1562 general evaluation parameters of tablets 1534:1573 Dilution potential was found to be 40%, and based on that, tablets of the model drug were formulated and evaluated for general evaluation parameters of tablets. 27480443 0 5 theme Spray 100:104 arg1 Method 113:118 Spray Drying Method 100:118 Spray Drying Method 100:118 Development and Characterization of Multifunctional Directly Compressible Co-processed Excipient by Spray Drying Method. 27480443 12 6 theme drug 1495:1498 arg1 tablets 1474:1480 tablets 1474:1480 tablets of the model drug 1474:1498 Dilution potential was found to be 40%, and based on that, tablets of the model drug were formulated and evaluated for general evaluation parameters of tablets. 27480443 8 7 theme excipient 915:923 arg1 composition 883:893 The optimized composition 869:893 The optimized composition of the co-processed excipient 869:923 The optimized composition of the co-processed excipient was found to be 30% MCC, 25% lactose, and 45% StarCap. 27480443 8 7 theme excipient 915:923 arg1 MCC 945:947 30% MCC 941:947 30% MCC 941:947 The optimized composition of the co-processed excipient was found to be 30% MCC, 25% lactose, and 45% StarCap. 27480443 13 8 theme acceptance 1623:1632 arg1 criteria 1634:1641 the acceptance criteria 1619:1641 the acceptance criteria which concluded that the multifunctional directly compressible co-processed excipient was prepared successfully that improved the compressibility of the poorly compressible model drug etodolac along with spray drying as an efficient method for the preparation of co-processed excipient 1619:1927 All the parameters were found to be within the acceptance criteria which concluded that the multifunctional directly compressible co-processed excipient was prepared successfully that improved the compressibility of the poorly compressible model drug etodolac along with spray drying as an efficient method for the preparation of co-processed excipient. 27480443 13 9 theme excipient 1919:1927 arg1 preparation 1891:1901 the preparation 1887:1901 the preparation of co-processed excipient 1887:1927 All the parameters were found to be within the acceptance criteria which concluded that the multifunctional directly compressible co-processed excipient was prepared successfully that improved the compressibility of the poorly compressible model drug etodolac along with spray drying as an efficient method for the preparation of co-processed excipient. 27480443 5 10 theme component 615:623 arg1 excipients 625:634 component excipients 615:634 component excipients 615:634 D-optimal mixture design was applied to optimize the proportion of component excipients. 27480443 6 11 theme Statistical 637:647 arg1 analysis 649:656 Statistical analysis 637:656 Statistical analysis of the D-optimal mixture design 637:688 Statistical analysis of the D-optimal mixture design revealed that all response variables were significantly affected by the independent variables (p value < 0.05). 27480443 10 12 theme repose 1201:1206 arg1 angle 1192:1196 angle 1192:1196 angle of repose 1192:1206 Evaluation parameters for flow properties (angle of repose, Carr's index, and Hausner's ratio) suggested excellent flow character. 27480443 10 12 theme repose 1201:1206 arg1 ratio 1237:1241 Hausner's ratio 1227:1241 Hausner's ratio 1227:1241 Evaluation parameters for flow properties (angle of repose, Carr's index, and Hausner's ratio) suggested excellent flow character. 27480443 10 12 theme repose 1201:1206 arg1 index 1216:1220 Carr's index 1209:1220 Carr's index 1209:1220 Evaluation parameters for flow properties (angle of repose, Carr's index, and Hausner's ratio) suggested excellent flow character. 27480443 10 12 theme repose 1201:1206 arg1 properties 1180:1189 flow properties 1175:1189 flow properties (angle of repose, Carr's index, and Hausner's ratio) 1175:1242 Evaluation parameters for flow properties (angle of repose, Carr's index, and Hausner's ratio) suggested excellent flow character. 27480443 4 13 theme spray 486:490 arg1 method 499:504 The spray drying method 482:504 The spray drying method 482:504 The spray drying method was used for co-processing of excipients. 27480443 11 14 dep Kuno 1313:1316 arg1 equation 1320:1327 equation 1320:1327 Kuno's equation 1313:1327 The parameters of Kawakita's and Kuno's equation and Heckel's equation suggested improvement in the compressibility of the model drug. 27480443 5 15 theme excipients 625:634 arg1 proportion 601:610 the proportion 597:610 the proportion of component excipients 597:634 D-optimal mixture design was applied to optimize the proportion of component excipients. 27480443 2 16 theme model 319:323 arg1 Etodolac 296:303 Etodolac 296:303 Etodolac 296:303 Etodolac was used as a model drug. 27480443 2 16 theme model 319:323 arg1 drug 325:328 a model drug 317:328 a model drug 317:328 Etodolac was used as a model drug. 27480443 11 17 theme drug 1409:1412 arg1 compressibility 1380:1394 the compressibility 1376:1394 the compressibility of the model drug 1376:1412 The parameters of Kawakita's and Kuno's equation and Heckel's equation suggested improvement in the compressibility of the model drug. 27480443 11 18 theme model 1403:1407 arg1 drug 1409:1412 the model drug 1399:1412 the model drug 1399:1412 The parameters of Kawakita's and Kuno's equation and Heckel's equation suggested improvement in the compressibility of the model drug. 27480443 8 19 theme % 969:969 arg1 StarCap 971:977 45% StarCap 967:977 45% StarCap 967:977 The optimized composition of the co-processed excipient was found to be 30% MCC, 25% lactose, and 45% StarCap. 27480443 9 20 theme compressibility 1036:1050 arg1 parameters 1052:1061 compressibility parameters 1036:1061 compressibility parameters such as Kawakita's and Kuno's equation and Heckel's equation 1036:1122 This optimized batch was evaluated for flow properties, compressibility parameters such as Kawakita's and Kuno's equation and Heckel's equation, and dilution potential. 27480443 9 20 theme compressibility 1036:1050 arg1 equation 1115:1122 Kawakita's and Kuno's equation and Heckel's equation 1071:1122 Kawakita's and Kuno's equation and Heckel's equation 1071:1122 This optimized batch was evaluated for flow properties, compressibility parameters such as Kawakita's and Kuno's equation and Heckel's equation, and dilution potential. 27480443 13 21 theme spray 1847:1851 arg1 drying 1853:1858 spray drying 1847:1858 spray drying as an efficient method for the preparation of co-processed excipient 1847:1927 All the parameters were found to be within the acceptance criteria which concluded that the multifunctional directly compressible co-processed excipient was prepared successfully that improved the compressibility of the poorly compressible model drug etodolac along with spray drying as an efficient method for the preparation of co-processed excipient. 27480443 9 22 theme flow 1019:1022 arg1 properties 1024:1033 flow properties 1019:1033 flow properties 1019:1033 This optimized batch was evaluated for flow properties, compressibility parameters such as Kawakita's and Kuno's equation and Heckel's equation, and dilution potential. 27480443 9 22 theme flow 1019:1022 arg1 equation 1115:1122 Kawakita's and Kuno's equation and Heckel's equation 1071:1122 Kawakita's and Kuno's equation and Heckel's equation 1071:1122 This optimized batch was evaluated for flow properties, compressibility parameters such as Kawakita's and Kuno's equation and Heckel's equation, and dilution potential. 27480443 13 23 theme etodolac 1827:1834 arg1 compressibility 1773:1787 the compressibility 1769:1787 the compressibility of the poorly compressible model drug etodolac 1769:1834 All the parameters were found to be within the acceptance criteria which concluded that the multifunctional directly compressible co-processed excipient was prepared successfully that improved the compressibility of the poorly compressible model drug etodolac along with spray drying as an efficient method for the preparation of co-processed excipient. 27480443 10 24 theme excellent 1254:1262 arg1 character 1269:1277 excellent flow character 1254:1277 excellent flow character 1254:1277 Evaluation parameters for flow properties (angle of repose, Carr's index, and Hausner's ratio) suggested excellent flow character. 27480443 1 25 theme multifunctional 193:207 arg1 excipient 222:230 a multifunctional co-processed excipient 191:230 a multifunctional co-processed excipient for improving the compressibility of poorly compressible drugs 191:293 The present investigation was carried out to develop and characterize a multifunctional co-processed excipient for improving the compressibility of poorly compressible drugs. 27480443 13 26 theme co-processed 1706:1717 arg1 excipient 1719:1727 the multifunctional directly compressible co-processed excipient 1664:1727 the multifunctional directly compressible co-processed excipient 1664:1727 All the parameters were found to be within the acceptance criteria which concluded that the multifunctional directly compressible co-processed excipient was prepared successfully that improved the compressibility of the poorly compressible model drug etodolac along with spray drying as an efficient method for the preparation of co-processed excipient. 27480443 4 27 theme drying 492:497 arg1 method 499:504 The spray drying method 482:504 The spray drying method 482:504 The spray drying method was used for co-processing of excipients. 27480443 12 28 theme evaluation 1542:1551 arg1 parameters 1553:1562 general evaluation parameters 1534:1562 general evaluation parameters of tablets 1534:1573 Dilution potential was found to be 40%, and based on that, tablets of the model drug were formulated and evaluated for general evaluation parameters of tablets. 27480443 2 29 used used 309:312 arg2 Etodolac 296:303 Etodolac 296:303 Etodolac 296:303 Etodolac was used as a model drug. 27480443 2 29 used used 309:312 arg2 drug 325:328 a model drug 317:328 a model drug 317:328 Etodolac was used as a model drug. 27480443 1 30 theme co-processed 209:220 arg1 excipient 222:230 a multifunctional co-processed excipient 191:230 a multifunctional co-processed excipient for improving the compressibility of poorly compressible drugs 191:293 The present investigation was carried out to develop and characterize a multifunctional co-processed excipient for improving the compressibility of poorly compressible drugs. 27480443 7 31 theme desirability 846:857 arg1 function 859:866 the desirability function 842:866 the desirability function 842:866 Optimized composition was obtained from the desirability function. 27480443 11 32 from improvement 1361:1371 arg1 compressibility 1380:1394 the compressibility 1376:1394 the compressibility of the model drug 1376:1412 The parameters of Kawakita's and Kuno's equation and Heckel's equation suggested improvement in the compressibility of the model drug. 27480443 8 33 theme % 943:943 arg1 composition 883:893 The optimized composition 869:893 The optimized composition of the co-processed excipient 869:923 The optimized composition of the co-processed excipient was found to be 30% MCC, 25% lactose, and 45% StarCap. 27480443 8 33 theme % 943:943 arg1 MCC 945:947 30% MCC 941:947 30% MCC 941:947 The optimized composition of the co-processed excipient was found to be 30% MCC, 25% lactose, and 45% StarCap. 27480443 9 34 theme optimized 985:993 arg1 batch 995:999 This optimized batch 980:999 This optimized batch 980:999 This optimized batch was evaluated for flow properties, compressibility parameters such as Kawakita's and Kuno's equation and Heckel's equation, and dilution potential. 27480443 12 35 theme tablets 1567:1573 arg1 parameters 1553:1562 general evaluation parameters 1534:1562 general evaluation parameters of tablets 1534:1573 Dilution potential was found to be 40%, and based on that, tablets of the model drug were formulated and evaluated for general evaluation parameters of tablets. 27480443 6 36 theme response 708:715 arg1 variables 717:725 all response variables 704:725 all response variables 704:725 Statistical analysis of the D-optimal mixture design revealed that all response variables were significantly affected by the independent variables (p value < 0.05). 27480443 3 37 theme excipient 471:479 arg1 components 440:449 components 440:449 components of the co-processed excipient 440:479 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose monohydrate (lactose), and StarCap 1500 (StarCap) were selected as components of the co-processed excipient. 27480443 3 37 theme excipient 471:479 arg1 StarCap 400:406 StarCap 1500 400:411 StarCap 1500 (StarCap) 400:421 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose monohydrate (lactose), and StarCap 1500 (StarCap) were selected as components of the co-processed excipient. 27480443 3 37 theme excipient 471:479 arg1 cellulose 348:356 Microcrystalline cellulose 331:356 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) 331:362 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose monohydrate (lactose), and StarCap 1500 (StarCap) were selected as components of the co-processed excipient. 27480443 3 37 theme excipient 471:479 arg1 monohydrate 373:383 lactose monohydrate 365:383 lactose monohydrate (lactose) 365:393 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose monohydrate (lactose), and StarCap 1500 (StarCap) were selected as components of the co-processed excipient. 27480443 4 38 used used 510:513 arg2 method 499:504 The spray drying method 482:504 The spray drying method 482:504 The spray drying method was used for co-processing of excipients. 27480443 1 39 theme present 125:131 arg1 investigation 133:145 The present investigation 121:145 The present investigation 121:145 The present investigation was carried out to develop and characterize a multifunctional co-processed excipient for improving the compressibility of poorly compressible drugs. 27480443 13 40 theme drug 1822:1825 arg1 etodolac 1827:1834 the poorly compressible model drug etodolac 1792:1834 the poorly compressible model drug etodolac 1792:1834 All the parameters were found to be within the acceptance criteria which concluded that the multifunctional directly compressible co-processed excipient was prepared successfully that improved the compressibility of the poorly compressible model drug etodolac along with spray drying as an efficient method for the preparation of co-processed excipient. 27480443 13 41 theme compressible 1803:1814 arg1 etodolac 1827:1834 the poorly compressible model drug etodolac 1792:1834 the poorly compressible model drug etodolac 1792:1834 All the parameters were found to be within the acceptance criteria which concluded that the multifunctional directly compressible co-processed excipient was prepared successfully that improved the compressibility of the poorly compressible model drug etodolac along with spray drying as an efficient method for the preparation of co-processed excipient. 27480443 10 42 theme flow 1264:1267 arg1 character 1269:1277 excellent flow character 1254:1277 excellent flow character 1254:1277 Evaluation parameters for flow properties (angle of repose, Carr's index, and Hausner's ratio) suggested excellent flow character. 27480443 13 43 theme efficient 1866:1874 arg1 method 1876:1881 an efficient method 1863:1881 an efficient method for the preparation of co-processed excipient 1863:1927 All the parameters were found to be within the acceptance criteria which concluded that the multifunctional directly compressible co-processed excipient was prepared successfully that improved the compressibility of the poorly compressible model drug etodolac along with spray drying as an efficient method for the preparation of co-processed excipient. 27480443 8 44 theme optimized 873:881 arg1 composition 883:893 The optimized composition 869:893 The optimized composition of the co-processed excipient 869:923 The optimized composition of the co-processed excipient was found to be 30% MCC, 25% lactose, and 45% StarCap. 27480443 8 44 theme optimized 873:881 arg1 MCC 945:947 30% MCC 941:947 30% MCC 941:947 The optimized composition of the co-processed excipient was found to be 30% MCC, 25% lactose, and 45% StarCap. 27480443 0 45 theme Multifunctional 36:50 arg1 Excipient 87:95 Multifunctional Directly Compressible Co-processed Excipient 36:95 Multifunctional Directly Compressible Co-processed Excipient 36:95 Development and Characterization of Multifunctional Directly Compressible Co-processed Excipient by Spray Drying Method. 27480443 4 46 theme excipients 536:545 arg1 co-processing 519:531 co-processing 519:531 co-processing 519:531 The spray drying method was used for co-processing of excipients. 27480443 13 47 theme multifunctional 1668:1682 arg1 excipient 1719:1727 the multifunctional directly compressible co-processed excipient 1664:1727 the multifunctional directly compressible co-processed excipient 1664:1727 All the parameters were found to be within the acceptance criteria which concluded that the multifunctional directly compressible co-processed excipient was prepared successfully that improved the compressibility of the poorly compressible model drug etodolac along with spray drying as an efficient method for the preparation of co-processed excipient. 27480443 5 48 theme mixture 558:564 arg1 design 566:571 D-optimal mixture design 548:571 D-optimal mixture design 548:571 D-optimal mixture design was applied to optimize the proportion of component excipients. 27480443 3 49 theme co-processed 458:469 arg1 excipient 471:479 the co-processed excipient 454:479 the co-processed excipient 454:479 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose monohydrate (lactose), and StarCap 1500 (StarCap) were selected as components of the co-processed excipient. 27480443 0 50 theme Co-processed 74:85 arg1 Excipient 87:95 Multifunctional Directly Compressible Co-processed Excipient 36:95 Multifunctional Directly Compressible Co-processed Excipient 36:95 Development and Characterization of Multifunctional Directly Compressible Co-processed Excipient by Spray Drying Method. 27480443 0 51 theme Excipient 87:95 arg1 Characterization 16:31 Characterization 16:31 Characterization 16:31 Development and Characterization of Multifunctional Directly Compressible Co-processed Excipient by Spray Drying Method. 27480443 0 51 theme Excipient 87:95 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development and Characterization of Multifunctional Directly Compressible Co-processed Excipient by Spray Drying Method. 27480443 10 52 theme Evaluation 1149:1158 arg1 parameters 1160:1169 Evaluation parameters 1149:1169 Evaluation parameters for flow properties (angle of repose, Carr's index, and Hausner's ratio) 1149:1242 Evaluation parameters for flow properties (angle of repose, Carr's index, and Hausner's ratio) suggested excellent flow character. 27480443 8 53 theme 25 950:951 arg1 % 952:952 % 952:952 % 952:952 The optimized composition of the co-processed excipient was found to be 30% MCC, 25% lactose, and 45% StarCap. 27480443 0 54 theme Compressible 61:72 arg1 Excipient 87:95 Multifunctional Directly Compressible Co-processed Excipient 36:95 Multifunctional Directly Compressible Co-processed Excipient 36:95 Development and Characterization of Multifunctional Directly Compressible Co-processed Excipient by Spray Drying Method. 27480443 7 55 theme Optimized 802:810 arg1 composition 812:822 Optimized composition 802:822 Optimized composition 802:822 Optimized composition was obtained from the desirability function. 27480443 10 56 dep properties 1180:1189 arg1 angle 1192:1196 angle 1192:1196 angle of repose 1192:1206 Evaluation parameters for flow properties (angle of repose, Carr's index, and Hausner's ratio) suggested excellent flow character. 27480443 10 56 dep properties 1180:1189 arg1 ratio 1237:1241 Hausner's ratio 1227:1241 Hausner's ratio 1227:1241 Evaluation parameters for flow properties (angle of repose, Carr's index, and Hausner's ratio) suggested excellent flow character. 27480443 10 56 dep properties 1180:1189 arg1 index 1216:1220 Carr's index 1209:1220 Carr's index 1209:1220 Evaluation parameters for flow properties (angle of repose, Carr's index, and Hausner's ratio) suggested excellent flow character. 27480443 10 56 dep properties 1180:1189 arg1 properties 1180:1189 flow properties 1175:1189 flow properties (angle of repose, Carr's index, and Hausner's ratio) 1175:1242 Evaluation parameters for flow properties (angle of repose, Carr's index, and Hausner's ratio) suggested excellent flow character. 27480443 9 57 theme dilution 1129:1136 arg1 potential 1138:1146 dilution potential 1129:1146 dilution potential 1129:1146 This optimized batch was evaluated for flow properties, compressibility parameters such as Kawakita's and Kuno's equation and Heckel's equation, and dilution potential. 27480443 13 58 theme co-processed 1906:1917 arg1 excipient 1919:1927 co-processed excipient 1906:1927 co-processed excipient 1906:1927 All the parameters were found to be within the acceptance criteria which concluded that the multifunctional directly compressible co-processed excipient was prepared successfully that improved the compressibility of the poorly compressible model drug etodolac along with spray drying as an efficient method for the preparation of co-processed excipient. 27480443 6 59 theme p 785:785 arg1 variables 774:782 the independent variables 758:782 the independent variables (p value < 0.05) 758:799 Statistical analysis of the D-optimal mixture design revealed that all response variables were significantly affected by the independent variables (p value < 0.05). 27480443 6 59 theme p 785:785 arg1 value < 0.05 787:798 p value < 0.05 785:798 p value < 0.05 785:798 Statistical analysis of the D-optimal mixture design revealed that all response variables were significantly affected by the independent variables (p value < 0.05). 27480443 11 60 theme equation 1342:1349 arg1 parameters 1284:1293 The parameters 1280:1293 The parameters of Kawakita's and Kuno's equation and Heckel's equation 1280:1349 The parameters of Kawakita's and Kuno's equation and Heckel's equation suggested improvement in the compressibility of the model drug. 27480443 6 61 theme design 683:688 arg1 analysis 649:656 Statistical analysis 637:656 Statistical analysis of the D-optimal mixture design 637:688 Statistical analysis of the D-optimal mixture design revealed that all response variables were significantly affected by the independent variables (p value < 0.05). 27480443 12 62 theme model 1489:1493 arg1 drug 1495:1498 the model drug 1485:1498 the model drug 1485:1498 Dilution potential was found to be 40%, and based on that, tablets of the model drug were formulated and evaluated for general evaluation parameters of tablets. 27480443 3 63 theme Microcrystalline 331:346 arg1 components 440:449 components 440:449 components of the co-processed excipient 440:479 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose monohydrate (lactose), and StarCap 1500 (StarCap) were selected as components of the co-processed excipient. 27480443 3 63 theme Microcrystalline 331:346 arg1 StarCap 400:406 StarCap 1500 400:411 StarCap 1500 (StarCap) 400:421 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose monohydrate (lactose), and StarCap 1500 (StarCap) were selected as components of the co-processed excipient. 27480443 3 63 theme Microcrystalline 331:346 arg1 MCC 359:361 MCC 359:361 MCC 359:361 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose monohydrate (lactose), and StarCap 1500 (StarCap) were selected as components of the co-processed excipient. 27480443 3 63 theme Microcrystalline 331:346 arg1 cellulose 348:356 Microcrystalline cellulose 331:356 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) 331:362 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose monohydrate (lactose), and StarCap 1500 (StarCap) were selected as components of the co-processed excipient. 27480443 3 63 theme Microcrystalline 331:346 arg1 monohydrate 373:383 lactose monohydrate 365:383 lactose monohydrate (lactose) 365:393 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose monohydrate (lactose), and StarCap 1500 (StarCap) were selected as components of the co-processed excipient. 27480443 8 64 theme % 952:952 arg1 lactose 954:960 25% lactose 950:960 25% lactose 950:960 The optimized composition of the co-processed excipient was found to be 30% MCC, 25% lactose, and 45% StarCap. 27480443 8 65 theme 45 967:968 arg1 % 969:969 % 969:969 % 969:969 The optimized composition of the co-processed excipient was found to be 30% MCC, 25% lactose, and 45% StarCap. 27480443 8 66 theme 30 941:942 arg1 % 943:943 % 943:943 % 943:943 The optimized composition of the co-processed excipient was found to be 30% MCC, 25% lactose, and 45% StarCap. 27480443 6 67 theme mixture 675:681 arg1 design 683:688 the D-optimal mixture design 661:688 the D-optimal mixture design 661:688 Statistical analysis of the D-optimal mixture design revealed that all response variables were significantly affected by the independent variables (p value < 0.05). 27480443 13 68 theme model 1816:1820 arg1 etodolac 1827:1834 the poorly compressible model drug etodolac 1792:1834 the poorly compressible model drug etodolac 1792:1834 All the parameters were found to be within the acceptance criteria which concluded that the multifunctional directly compressible co-processed excipient was prepared successfully that improved the compressibility of the poorly compressible model drug etodolac along with spray drying as an efficient method for the preparation of co-processed excipient. 27480443 8 69 theme co-processed 902:913 arg1 excipient 915:923 the co-processed excipient 898:923 the co-processed excipient 898:923 The optimized composition of the co-processed excipient was found to be 30% MCC, 25% lactose, and 45% StarCap. 27480443 6 70 theme D-optimal 665:673 arg1 design 683:688 the D-optimal mixture design 661:688 the D-optimal mixture design 661:688 Statistical analysis of the D-optimal mixture design revealed that all response variables were significantly affected by the independent variables (p value < 0.05). 27480443 1 71 theme compressible 276:287 arg1 drugs 289:293 poorly compressible drugs 269:293 poorly compressible drugs 269:293 The present investigation was carried out to develop and characterize a multifunctional co-processed excipient for improving the compressibility of poorly compressible drugs. 27480443 3 72 theme lactose 365:371 arg1 components 440:449 components 440:449 components of the co-processed excipient 440:479 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose monohydrate (lactose), and StarCap 1500 (StarCap) were selected as components of the co-processed excipient. 27480443 3 72 theme lactose 365:371 arg1 cellulose 348:356 Microcrystalline cellulose 331:356 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) 331:362 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose monohydrate (lactose), and StarCap 1500 (StarCap) were selected as components of the co-processed excipient. 27480443 3 72 theme lactose 365:371 arg1 lactose 386:392 lactose 386:392 lactose 386:392 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose monohydrate (lactose), and StarCap 1500 (StarCap) were selected as components of the co-processed excipient. 27480443 3 72 theme lactose 365:371 arg1 monohydrate 373:383 lactose monohydrate 365:383 lactose monohydrate (lactose) 365:393 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose monohydrate (lactose), and StarCap 1500 (StarCap) were selected as components of the co-processed excipient. 27480443 3 72 theme lactose 365:371 arg1 StarCap 400:406 StarCap 1500 400:411 StarCap 1500 (StarCap) 400:421 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose monohydrate (lactose), and StarCap 1500 (StarCap) were selected as components of the co-processed excipient. 27480443 10 73 theme flow 1175:1178 arg1 angle 1192:1196 angle 1192:1196 angle of repose 1192:1206 Evaluation parameters for flow properties (angle of repose, Carr's index, and Hausner's ratio) suggested excellent flow character. 27480443 10 73 theme flow 1175:1178 arg1 ratio 1237:1241 Hausner's ratio 1227:1241 Hausner's ratio 1227:1241 Evaluation parameters for flow properties (angle of repose, Carr's index, and Hausner's ratio) suggested excellent flow character. 27480443 10 73 theme flow 1175:1178 arg1 properties 1180:1189 flow properties 1175:1189 flow properties (angle of repose, Carr's index, and Hausner's ratio) 1175:1242 Evaluation parameters for flow properties (angle of repose, Carr's index, and Hausner's ratio) suggested excellent flow character. 27480443 10 73 theme flow 1175:1178 arg1 index 1216:1220 Carr's index 1209:1220 Carr's index 1209:1220 Evaluation parameters for flow properties (angle of repose, Carr's index, and Hausner's ratio) suggested excellent flow character. 27480443 6 74 theme independent 762:772 arg1 variables 774:782 the independent variables 758:782 the independent variables (p value < 0.05) 758:799 Statistical analysis of the D-optimal mixture design revealed that all response variables were significantly affected by the independent variables (p value < 0.05). 27480443 6 74 theme independent 762:772 arg1 value < 0.05 787:798 p value < 0.05 785:798 p value < 0.05 785:798 Statistical analysis of the D-optimal mixture design revealed that all response variables were significantly affected by the independent variables (p value < 0.05). 27480443 1 75 theme drugs 289:293 arg1 compressibility 250:264 the compressibility 246:264 the compressibility of poorly compressible drugs 246:293 The present investigation was carried out to develop and characterize a multifunctional co-processed excipient for improving the compressibility of poorly compressible drugs. 24357498 8 0 theme equilibrium 1102:1112 arg1 moduli 1114:1119 the equilibrium moduli 1098:1119 the equilibrium moduli 1098:1119 (4) Time sweep with values obtained from strain and frequency sweeps to accurately report the equilibrium moduli and gelation time. 24357498 7 1 theme equilibrium 963:973 arg1 plateau 983:989 the linear equilibrium modulus plateau 952:989 the linear equilibrium modulus plateau of the hydrogel 952:1005 (3) Frequency sweep to determine the linear equilibrium modulus plateau of the hydrogel. 24357498 3 2 theme rheological 536:546 arg1 tests 548:552 rheological tests 536:552 rheological tests 536:552 This study outlines a straightforward protocol to accurately determine hydrogel equilibrium modulus and gelation time using a series of rheological tests. 24357498 4 3 theme tissue 623:628 arg1 applications 642:653 tissue engineering applications 623:653 tissue engineering applications: agarose, collagen, fibrin, Matrigel™, and methylcellulose 623:712 These protocols are applied to several hydrogel systems used within tissue engineering applications: agarose, collagen, fibrin, Matrigel™, and methylcellulose. 24357498 4 3 theme tissue 623:628 arg1 fibrin 675:680 fibrin 675:680 fibrin 675:680 These protocols are applied to several hydrogel systems used within tissue engineering applications: agarose, collagen, fibrin, Matrigel™, and methylcellulose. 24357498 4 3 theme tissue 623:628 arg1 Matrigel™ 683:691 Matrigel™ 683:691 Matrigel™ 683:691 These protocols are applied to several hydrogel systems used within tissue engineering applications: agarose, collagen, fibrin, Matrigel™, and methylcellulose. 24357498 4 3 theme tissue 623:628 arg1 agarose 656:662 agarose 656:662 agarose 656:662 These protocols are applied to several hydrogel systems used within tissue engineering applications: agarose, collagen, fibrin, Matrigel™, and methylcellulose. 24357498 4 3 theme tissue 623:628 arg1 collagen 665:672 collagen 665:672 collagen 665:672 These protocols are applied to several hydrogel systems used within tissue engineering applications: agarose, collagen, fibrin, Matrigel™, and methylcellulose. 24357498 4 3 theme tissue 623:628 arg1 methylcellulose 698:712 methylcellulose 698:712 methylcellulose 698:712 These protocols are applied to several hydrogel systems used within tissue engineering applications: agarose, collagen, fibrin, Matrigel™, and methylcellulose. 24357498 8 4 dep sweep 1017:1021 arg1 4 1009:1009 4 1009:1009 4 1009:1009 (4) Time sweep with values obtained from strain and frequency sweeps to accurately report the equilibrium moduli and gelation time. 24357498 3 5 theme tests 548:552 arg1 series 526:531 a series 524:531 a series of rheological tests 524:552 This study outlines a straightforward protocol to accurately determine hydrogel equilibrium modulus and gelation time using a series of rheological tests. 24357498 2 6 theme continuity 358:367 arg1 lack 350:353 a lack 348:353 a lack of continuity between rheological protocols 348:397 However, it is difficult to compare the mechanical properties of hydrogels between studies due to a lack of continuity between rheological protocols. 24357498 10 7 theme properties 1424:1433 arg1 analysis 1391:1398 proper analysis 1384:1398 proper analysis of hydrogel rheological properties 1384:1433 The protocol described herein provides a standardized approach for proper analysis of hydrogel rheological properties. 24357498 8 8 theme Time 1012:1015 arg1 sweep 1017:1021 (4) Time sweep 1008:1021 (4) Time sweep with values obtained from strain and frequency 1008:1068 (4) Time sweep with values obtained from strain and frequency sweeps to accurately report the equilibrium moduli and gelation time. 24357498 8 9 theme gelation 1125:1132 arg1 time 1134:1137 gelation time 1125:1137 gelation time 1125:1137 (4) Time sweep with values obtained from strain and frequency sweeps to accurately report the equilibrium moduli and gelation time. 24357498 9 10 theme rheological 1153:1163 arg1 protocol 1182:1189 the rheological characterization protocol 1149:1189 the rheological characterization protocol 1149:1189 Finally, the rheological characterization protocol was evaluated using a composite Matrigel™-methylcellulose hydrogel blend whose mechanical properties were previously unknown. 24357498 4 11 theme engineering 630:640 arg1 applications 642:653 tissue engineering applications 623:653 tissue engineering applications: agarose, collagen, fibrin, Matrigel™, and methylcellulose 623:712 These protocols are applied to several hydrogel systems used within tissue engineering applications: agarose, collagen, fibrin, Matrigel™, and methylcellulose. 24357498 4 11 theme engineering 630:640 arg1 fibrin 675:680 fibrin 675:680 fibrin 675:680 These protocols are applied to several hydrogel systems used within tissue engineering applications: agarose, collagen, fibrin, Matrigel™, and methylcellulose. 24357498 4 11 theme engineering 630:640 arg1 Matrigel™ 683:691 Matrigel™ 683:691 Matrigel™ 683:691 These protocols are applied to several hydrogel systems used within tissue engineering applications: agarose, collagen, fibrin, Matrigel™, and methylcellulose. 24357498 4 11 theme engineering 630:640 arg1 agarose 656:662 agarose 656:662 agarose 656:662 These protocols are applied to several hydrogel systems used within tissue engineering applications: agarose, collagen, fibrin, Matrigel™, and methylcellulose. 24357498 4 11 theme engineering 630:640 arg1 collagen 665:672 collagen 665:672 collagen 665:672 These protocols are applied to several hydrogel systems used within tissue engineering applications: agarose, collagen, fibrin, Matrigel™, and methylcellulose. 24357498 4 11 theme engineering 630:640 arg1 methylcellulose 698:712 methylcellulose 698:712 methylcellulose 698:712 These protocols are applied to several hydrogel systems used within tissue engineering applications: agarose, collagen, fibrin, Matrigel™, and methylcellulose. 24357498 6 12 theme hydrogel 886:893 arg1 region 872:877 the linear-viscoelastic region 848:877 the linear-viscoelastic region of the hydrogel with respect to strain 848:916 (2) Strain sweep to determine the linear-viscoelastic region of the hydrogel with respect to strain. 24357498 9 13 theme characterization 1165:1180 arg1 protocol 1182:1189 the rheological characterization protocol 1149:1189 the rheological characterization protocol 1149:1189 Finally, the rheological characterization protocol was evaluated using a composite Matrigel™-methylcellulose hydrogel blend whose mechanical properties were previously unknown. 24357498 2 14 theme mechanical 290:299 arg1 properties 301:310 the mechanical properties 286:310 the mechanical properties of hydrogels between studies due to a lack of continuity between rheological protocols 286:397 However, it is difficult to compare the mechanical properties of hydrogels between studies due to a lack of continuity between rheological protocols. 24357498 1 15 theme mechanical 178:187 arg1 properties 189:198 their mechanical properties 172:198 their mechanical properties 172:198 Hydrogels are studied extensively for many tissue engineering applications, and their mechanical properties influence both cellular and tissue compatibility. 24357498 0 16 theme hydrogels 47:55 arg1 characterization 27:42 rheological characterization 15:42 rheological characterization of hydrogels 15:55 A protocol for rheological characterization of hydrogels for tissue engineering strategies. 24357498 3 17 theme equilibrium 480:490 arg1 modulus 492:498 hydrogel equilibrium modulus 471:498 hydrogel equilibrium modulus 471:498 This study outlines a straightforward protocol to accurately determine hydrogel equilibrium modulus and gelation time using a series of rheological tests. 24357498 5 18 theme hydrogel 808:815 arg1 time 796:799 the gelation time 783:799 the gelation time of the hydrogel 783:815 The protocol is outlined in four steps: (1) Time sweep to determine the gelation time of the hydrogel. 24357498 5 19 dep steps 748:752 arg1 sweep 764:768 (1) Time sweep 755:768 four steps: (1) Time sweep to determine the gelation time of the hydrogel 743:815 The protocol is outlined in four steps: (1) Time sweep to determine the gelation time of the hydrogel. 24357498 2 20 theme due 341:343 arg1 studies 333:339 studies 333:339 studies due to a lack of continuity between rheological protocols 333:397 However, it is difficult to compare the mechanical properties of hydrogels between studies due to a lack of continuity between rheological protocols. 24357498 4 21 theme hydrogel 594:601 arg1 systems 603:609 several hydrogel systems 586:609 several hydrogel systems used within tissue engineering applications: agarose, collagen, fibrin, Matrigel™, and methylcellulose 586:712 These protocols are applied to several hydrogel systems used within tissue engineering applications: agarose, collagen, fibrin, Matrigel™, and methylcellulose. 24357498 9 22 theme composite 1213:1221 arg1 blend 1258:1262 a composite Matrigel™-methylcellulose hydrogel blend 1211:1262 a composite Matrigel™-methylcellulose hydrogel blend whose mechanical properties were previously unknown 1211:1314 Finally, the rheological characterization protocol was evaluated using a composite Matrigel™-methylcellulose hydrogel blend whose mechanical properties were previously unknown. 24357498 0 23 theme rheological 15:25 arg1 characterization 27:42 rheological characterization 15:42 rheological characterization of hydrogels 15:55 A protocol for rheological characterization of hydrogels for tissue engineering strategies. 24357498 4 24 theme several 586:592 arg1 systems 603:609 several hydrogel systems 586:609 several hydrogel systems used within tissue engineering applications: agarose, collagen, fibrin, Matrigel™, and methylcellulose 586:712 These protocols are applied to several hydrogel systems used within tissue engineering applications: agarose, collagen, fibrin, Matrigel™, and methylcellulose. 24357498 10 25 theme hydrogel 1403:1410 arg1 properties 1424:1433 hydrogel rheological properties 1403:1433 hydrogel rheological properties 1403:1433 The protocol described herein provides a standardized approach for proper analysis of hydrogel rheological properties. 24357498 3 26 theme gelation 504:511 arg1 time 513:516 gelation time 504:516 gelation time 504:516 This study outlines a straightforward protocol to accurately determine hydrogel equilibrium modulus and gelation time using a series of rheological tests. 24357498 4 27 dep applications 642:653 arg1 applications 642:653 tissue engineering applications 623:653 tissue engineering applications: agarose, collagen, fibrin, Matrigel™, and methylcellulose 623:712 These protocols are applied to several hydrogel systems used within tissue engineering applications: agarose, collagen, fibrin, Matrigel™, and methylcellulose. 24357498 4 27 dep applications 642:653 arg1 fibrin 675:680 fibrin 675:680 fibrin 675:680 These protocols are applied to several hydrogel systems used within tissue engineering applications: agarose, collagen, fibrin, Matrigel™, and methylcellulose. 24357498 4 27 dep applications 642:653 arg1 Matrigel™ 683:691 Matrigel™ 683:691 Matrigel™ 683:691 These protocols are applied to several hydrogel systems used within tissue engineering applications: agarose, collagen, fibrin, Matrigel™, and methylcellulose. 24357498 4 27 dep applications 642:653 arg1 agarose 656:662 agarose 656:662 agarose 656:662 These protocols are applied to several hydrogel systems used within tissue engineering applications: agarose, collagen, fibrin, Matrigel™, and methylcellulose. 24357498 4 27 dep applications 642:653 arg1 collagen 665:672 collagen 665:672 collagen 665:672 These protocols are applied to several hydrogel systems used within tissue engineering applications: agarose, collagen, fibrin, Matrigel™, and methylcellulose. 24357498 4 27 dep applications 642:653 arg1 methylcellulose 698:712 methylcellulose 698:712 methylcellulose 698:712 These protocols are applied to several hydrogel systems used within tissue engineering applications: agarose, collagen, fibrin, Matrigel™, and methylcellulose. 24357498 2 28 theme hydrogels 315:323 arg1 properties 301:310 the mechanical properties 286:310 the mechanical properties of hydrogels between studies due to a lack of continuity between rheological protocols 286:397 However, it is difficult to compare the mechanical properties of hydrogels between studies due to a lack of continuity between rheological protocols. 24357498 5 29 theme gelation 787:794 arg1 time 796:799 the gelation time 783:799 the gelation time of the hydrogel 783:815 The protocol is outlined in four steps: (1) Time sweep to determine the gelation time of the hydrogel. 24357498 5 30 dep sweep 764:768 arg1 1 756:756 1 756:756 1 756:756 The protocol is outlined in four steps: (1) Time sweep to determine the gelation time of the hydrogel. 24357498 6 31 theme linear-viscoelastic 852:870 arg1 region 872:877 the linear-viscoelastic region 848:877 the linear-viscoelastic region of the hydrogel with respect to strain 848:916 (2) Strain sweep to determine the linear-viscoelastic region of the hydrogel with respect to strain. 24357498 8 32 with sweep 1017:1021 arg1 values 1028:1033 values 1028:1033 values obtained from strain and frequency 1028:1068 (4) Time sweep with values obtained from strain and frequency sweeps to accurately report the equilibrium moduli and gelation time. 24357498 1 33 theme tissue 228:233 arg1 compatibility 235:247 tissue compatibility 228:247 tissue compatibility 228:247 Hydrogels are studied extensively for many tissue engineering applications, and their mechanical properties influence both cellular and tissue compatibility. 24357498 3 34 theme hydrogel 471:478 arg1 modulus 492:498 hydrogel equilibrium modulus 471:498 hydrogel equilibrium modulus 471:498 This study outlines a straightforward protocol to accurately determine hydrogel equilibrium modulus and gelation time using a series of rheological tests. 24357498 9 35 theme Matrigel™-methylcellulose 1223:1247 arg1 blend 1258:1262 a composite Matrigel™-methylcellulose hydrogel blend 1211:1262 a composite Matrigel™-methylcellulose hydrogel blend whose mechanical properties were previously unknown 1211:1314 Finally, the rheological characterization protocol was evaluated using a composite Matrigel™-methylcellulose hydrogel blend whose mechanical properties were previously unknown. 24357498 7 36 theme hydrogel 998:1005 arg1 plateau 983:989 the linear equilibrium modulus plateau 952:989 the linear equilibrium modulus plateau of the hydrogel 952:1005 (3) Frequency sweep to determine the linear equilibrium modulus plateau of the hydrogel. 24357498 5 37 theme Time 759:762 arg1 sweep 764:768 (1) Time sweep 755:768 four steps: (1) Time sweep to determine the gelation time of the hydrogel 743:815 The protocol is outlined in four steps: (1) Time sweep to determine the gelation time of the hydrogel. 24357498 9 38 theme hydrogel 1249:1256 arg1 blend 1258:1262 a composite Matrigel™-methylcellulose hydrogel blend 1211:1262 a composite Matrigel™-methylcellulose hydrogel blend whose mechanical properties were previously unknown 1211:1314 Finally, the rheological characterization protocol was evaluated using a composite Matrigel™-methylcellulose hydrogel blend whose mechanical properties were previously unknown. 24357498 10 39 theme standardized 1358:1369 arg1 approach 1371:1378 a standardized approach 1356:1378 a standardized approach for proper analysis of hydrogel rheological properties 1356:1433 The protocol described herein provides a standardized approach for proper analysis of hydrogel rheological properties. 24357498 3 40 theme straightforward 422:436 arg1 protocol 438:445 a straightforward protocol 420:445 a straightforward protocol to accurately determine hydrogel equilibrium modulus and gelation time using a series of rheological tests 420:552 This study outlines a straightforward protocol to accurately determine hydrogel equilibrium modulus and gelation time using a series of rheological tests. 24357498 6 41 dep Strain 822:827 arg1 2 819:819 2 819:819 2 819:819 (2) Strain sweep to determine the linear-viscoelastic region of the hydrogel with respect to strain. 24357498 1 42 theme many 130:133 arg1 applications 154:165 many tissue engineering applications 130:165 many tissue engineering applications 130:165 Hydrogels are studied extensively for many tissue engineering applications, and their mechanical properties influence both cellular and tissue compatibility. 24357498 7 43 dep sweep 933:937 arg1 3 920:920 3 920:920 3 920:920 (3) Frequency sweep to determine the linear equilibrium modulus plateau of the hydrogel. 24357498 1 44 theme tissue 135:140 arg1 applications 154:165 many tissue engineering applications 130:165 many tissue engineering applications 130:165 Hydrogels are studied extensively for many tissue engineering applications, and their mechanical properties influence both cellular and tissue compatibility. 24357498 10 45 theme proper 1384:1389 arg1 analysis 1391:1398 proper analysis 1384:1398 proper analysis of hydrogel rheological properties 1384:1433 The protocol described herein provides a standardized approach for proper analysis of hydrogel rheological properties. 24357498 9 46 theme mechanical 1270:1279 arg1 properties 1281:1290 mechanical properties 1270:1290 mechanical properties 1270:1290 Finally, the rheological characterization protocol was evaluated using a composite Matrigel™-methylcellulose hydrogel blend whose mechanical properties were previously unknown. 24357498 7 47 theme modulus 975:981 arg1 plateau 983:989 the linear equilibrium modulus plateau 952:989 the linear equilibrium modulus plateau of the hydrogel 952:1005 (3) Frequency sweep to determine the linear equilibrium modulus plateau of the hydrogel. 24357498 1 48 theme engineering 142:152 arg1 applications 154:165 many tissue engineering applications 130:165 many tissue engineering applications 130:165 Hydrogels are studied extensively for many tissue engineering applications, and their mechanical properties influence both cellular and tissue compatibility. 24357498 0 49 theme engineering 68:78 arg1 strategies 80:89 tissue engineering strategies 61:89 tissue engineering strategies 61:89 A protocol for rheological characterization of hydrogels for tissue engineering strategies. 24357498 10 50 theme rheological 1412:1422 arg1 properties 1424:1433 hydrogel rheological properties 1403:1433 hydrogel rheological properties 1403:1433 The protocol described herein provides a standardized approach for proper analysis of hydrogel rheological properties. 24357498 0 51 theme tissue 61:66 arg1 strategies 80:89 tissue engineering strategies 61:89 tissue engineering strategies 61:89 A protocol for rheological characterization of hydrogels for tissue engineering strategies. 24357498 7 52 theme linear 956:961 arg1 plateau 983:989 the linear equilibrium modulus plateau 952:989 the linear equilibrium modulus plateau of the hydrogel 952:1005 (3) Frequency sweep to determine the linear equilibrium modulus plateau of the hydrogel. 24357498 2 53 theme rheological 377:387 arg1 protocols 389:397 rheological protocols 377:397 rheological protocols 377:397 However, it is difficult to compare the mechanical properties of hydrogels between studies due to a lack of continuity between rheological protocols. 28224897 1 0 contain have 136:139 arg2 combination 150:160 a unique combination 141:160 a unique combination of strength and flexibility 141:188 Plant cell walls have a unique combination of strength and flexibility however, further investigations are required to understand how those properties arise from the assembly of the relevant biopolymers. 28224897 1 0 contain have 136:139 arg1 walls 130:134 Plant cell walls 119:134 Plant cell walls 119:134 Plant cell walls have a unique combination of strength and flexibility however, further investigations are required to understand how those properties arise from the assembly of the relevant biopolymers. 28224897 6 1 theme cellulose 1120:1128 arg1 networks 1140:1147 cellulose composite networks 1120:1147 cellulose composite networks 1120:1147 The results highlight the importance of the order of assembly on the properties of cellulose composite networks and support the role of pectin in the mechanics of cell walls. 28224897 5 2 theme gel 964:966 arg1 strength 933:940 The strength 929:940 The strength of the pectin-calcium gel 929:966 The strength of the pectin-calcium gel affected cellulose structure, crystallinity and material properties. 28224897 6 3 theme order 1081:1085 arg1 importance 1063:1072 the importance 1059:1072 the importance of the order of assembly on the properties of cellulose composite networks 1059:1147 The results highlight the importance of the order of assembly on the properties of cellulose composite networks and support the role of pectin in the mechanics of cell walls. 28224897 1 4 theme strength 165:172 arg1 combination 150:160 a unique combination 141:160 a unique combination of strength and flexibility 141:188 Plant cell walls have a unique combination of strength and flexibility however, further investigations are required to understand how those properties arise from the assembly of the relevant biopolymers. 28224897 0 5 theme assembly 109:116 arg1 order 100:104 order 100:104 order of assembly 100:116 Cellulose-pectin composite hydrogels: Intermolecular interactions and material properties depend on order of assembly. 28224897 5 6 theme pectin-calcium 949:962 arg1 gel 964:966 the pectin-calcium gel 945:966 the pectin-calcium gel 945:966 The strength of the pectin-calcium gel affected cellulose structure, crystallinity and material properties. 28224897 3 7 theme assembly 587:594 arg1 order 578:582 the order 574:582 the order of assembly of cellulose/pectin networks, pectin degree of methylesterification and calcium concentration 574:688 To investigate this proposed role of pectins, bioinspired wall models were synthesised based on bacterial cellulose containing pectin-calcium gels by varying the order of assembly of cellulose/pectin networks, pectin degree of methylesterification and calcium concentration. 28224897 4 8 theme cellulose 752:760 arg1 synthesis 762:770 cellulose synthesis 752:770 cellulose synthesis 752:770 Hydrogels in which pectin-calcium assembly occurred prior to cellulose synthesis showed evidence for direct cellulose/pectin interactions from small-angle scattering (SAXS and SANS), had the densest networks and the lowest normal stress. 28224897 6 9 theme cell 1200:1203 arg1 walls 1205:1209 cell walls 1200:1209 cell walls 1200:1209 The results highlight the importance of the order of assembly on the properties of cellulose composite networks and support the role of pectin in the mechanics of cell walls. 28224897 4 10 theme lowest 907:912 arg1 stress 921:926 the lowest normal stress 903:926 the lowest normal stress 903:926 Hydrogels in which pectin-calcium assembly occurred prior to cellulose synthesis showed evidence for direct cellulose/pectin interactions from small-angle scattering (SAXS and SANS), had the densest networks and the lowest normal stress. 28224897 4 11 from scattering 846:855 arg1 interactions 816:827 direct cellulose/pectin interactions 792:827 direct cellulose/pectin interactions from small-angle scattering (SAXS and SANS) 792:871 Hydrogels in which pectin-calcium assembly occurred prior to cellulose synthesis showed evidence for direct cellulose/pectin interactions from small-angle scattering (SAXS and SANS), had the densest networks and the lowest normal stress. 28224897 3 12 theme pectins 453:459 arg1 role 445:448 this proposed role 431:448 this proposed role of pectins 431:459 To investigate this proposed role of pectins, bioinspired wall models were synthesised based on bacterial cellulose containing pectin-calcium gels by varying the order of assembly of cellulose/pectin networks, pectin degree of methylesterification and calcium concentration. 28224897 6 13 from importance 1063:1072 arg1 properties 1106:1115 the properties 1102:1115 the properties of cellulose composite networks 1102:1147 The results highlight the importance of the order of assembly on the properties of cellulose composite networks and support the role of pectin in the mechanics of cell walls. 28224897 6 14 from role 1165:1168 arg1 mechanics 1187:1195 the mechanics 1183:1195 the mechanics of cell walls 1183:1209 The results highlight the importance of the order of assembly on the properties of cellulose composite networks and support the role of pectin in the mechanics of cell walls. 28224897 1 15 theme flexibility 178:188 arg1 combination 150:160 a unique combination 141:160 a unique combination of strength and flexibility 141:188 Plant cell walls have a unique combination of strength and flexibility however, further investigations are required to understand how those properties arise from the assembly of the relevant biopolymers. 28224897 0 16 theme composite 17:25 arg1 hydrogels 27:35 Cellulose-pectin composite hydrogels 0:35 Cellulose-pectin composite hydrogels 0:35 Cellulose-pectin composite hydrogels: Intermolecular interactions and material properties depend on order of assembly. 28224897 2 17 theme cell 404:407 arg1 walls 409:413 cell walls 404:413 cell walls 404:413 Recent studies indicate that Ca2+-pectates can act as load-bearing components in cell walls. 28224897 0 18 theme Cellulose-pectin 0:15 arg1 hydrogels 27:35 Cellulose-pectin composite hydrogels 0:35 Cellulose-pectin composite hydrogels 0:35 Cellulose-pectin composite hydrogels: Intermolecular interactions and material properties depend on order of assembly. 28224897 4 19 theme normal 914:919 arg1 stress 921:926 the lowest normal stress 903:926 the lowest normal stress 903:926 Hydrogels in which pectin-calcium assembly occurred prior to cellulose synthesis showed evidence for direct cellulose/pectin interactions from small-angle scattering (SAXS and SANS), had the densest networks and the lowest normal stress. 28224897 2 20 from components 390:399 arg1 walls 409:413 cell walls 404:413 cell walls 404:413 Recent studies indicate that Ca2+-pectates can act as load-bearing components in cell walls. 28224897 3 21 theme cellulose/pectin 599:614 arg1 networks 616:623 cellulose/pectin networks 599:623 cellulose/pectin networks 599:623 To investigate this proposed role of pectins, bioinspired wall models were synthesised based on bacterial cellulose containing pectin-calcium gels by varying the order of assembly of cellulose/pectin networks, pectin degree of methylesterification and calcium concentration. 28224897 4 22 dep showed 772:777 arg1 had 874:876 had 874:876 had the densest networks and the lowest normal stress 874:926 Hydrogels in which pectin-calcium assembly occurred prior to cellulose synthesis showed evidence for direct cellulose/pectin interactions from small-angle scattering (SAXS and SANS), had the densest networks and the lowest normal stress. 28224897 6 23 theme networks 1140:1147 arg1 properties 1106:1115 the properties 1102:1115 the properties of cellulose composite networks 1102:1147 The results highlight the importance of the order of assembly on the properties of cellulose composite networks and support the role of pectin in the mechanics of cell walls. 28224897 4 24 theme cellulose/pectin 799:814 arg1 interactions 816:827 direct cellulose/pectin interactions 792:827 direct cellulose/pectin interactions from small-angle scattering (SAXS and SANS) 792:871 Hydrogels in which pectin-calcium assembly occurred prior to cellulose synthesis showed evidence for direct cellulose/pectin interactions from small-angle scattering (SAXS and SANS), had the densest networks and the lowest normal stress. 28224897 6 25 theme walls 1205:1209 arg1 mechanics 1187:1195 the mechanics 1183:1195 the mechanics of cell walls 1183:1209 The results highlight the importance of the order of assembly on the properties of cellulose composite networks and support the role of pectin in the mechanics of cell walls. 28224897 4 26 theme small-angle 834:844 arg1 scattering 846:855 small-angle scattering 834:855 small-angle scattering (SAXS and SANS) 834:871 Hydrogels in which pectin-calcium assembly occurred prior to cellulose synthesis showed evidence for direct cellulose/pectin interactions from small-angle scattering (SAXS and SANS), had the densest networks and the lowest normal stress. 28224897 4 27 theme densest 882:888 arg1 networks 890:897 the densest networks 878:897 the densest networks 878:897 Hydrogels in which pectin-calcium assembly occurred prior to cellulose synthesis showed evidence for direct cellulose/pectin interactions from small-angle scattering (SAXS and SANS), had the densest networks and the lowest normal stress. 28224897 1 28 theme further 199:205 arg1 investigations 207:220 further investigations 199:220 further investigations 199:220 Plant cell walls have a unique combination of strength and flexibility however, further investigations are required to understand how those properties arise from the assembly of the relevant biopolymers. 28224897 2 29 theme Recent 323:328 arg1 studies 330:336 Recent studies 323:336 Recent studies 323:336 Recent studies indicate that Ca2+-pectates can act as load-bearing components in cell walls. 28224897 5 30 theme material 1016:1023 arg1 properties 1025:1034 material properties 1016:1034 material properties 1016:1034 The strength of the pectin-calcium gel affected cellulose structure, crystallinity and material properties. 28224897 1 31 theme Plant 119:123 arg1 walls 130:134 Plant cell walls 119:134 Plant cell walls 119:134 Plant cell walls have a unique combination of strength and flexibility however, further investigations are required to understand how those properties arise from the assembly of the relevant biopolymers. 28224897 3 32 theme pectin-calcium 543:556 arg1 gels 558:561 pectin-calcium gels 543:561 pectin-calcium gels 543:561 To investigate this proposed role of pectins, bioinspired wall models were synthesised based on bacterial cellulose containing pectin-calcium gels by varying the order of assembly of cellulose/pectin networks, pectin degree of methylesterification and calcium concentration. 28224897 1 33 theme relevant 301:308 arg1 biopolymers 310:320 the relevant biopolymers 297:320 the relevant biopolymers 297:320 Plant cell walls have a unique combination of strength and flexibility however, further investigations are required to understand how those properties arise from the assembly of the relevant biopolymers. 28224897 3 34 theme pectin 626:631 arg1 degree 633:638 pectin degree 626:638 pectin degree of methylesterification 626:662 To investigate this proposed role of pectins, bioinspired wall models were synthesised based on bacterial cellulose containing pectin-calcium gels by varying the order of assembly of cellulose/pectin networks, pectin degree of methylesterification and calcium concentration. 28224897 3 35 theme bioinspired 462:472 arg1 models 479:484 bioinspired wall models 462:484 bioinspired wall models 462:484 To investigate this proposed role of pectins, bioinspired wall models were synthesised based on bacterial cellulose containing pectin-calcium gels by varying the order of assembly of cellulose/pectin networks, pectin degree of methylesterification and calcium concentration. 28224897 0 36 theme Intermolecular 38:51 arg1 interactions 53:64 Intermolecular interactions 38:64 Intermolecular interactions 38:64 Cellulose-pectin composite hydrogels: Intermolecular interactions and material properties depend on order of assembly. 28224897 1 37 theme biopolymers 310:320 arg1 assembly 285:292 the assembly 281:292 the assembly of the relevant biopolymers 281:320 Plant cell walls have a unique combination of strength and flexibility however, further investigations are required to understand how those properties arise from the assembly of the relevant biopolymers. 28224897 3 38 theme proposed 436:443 arg1 role 445:448 this proposed role 431:448 this proposed role of pectins 431:459 To investigate this proposed role of pectins, bioinspired wall models were synthesised based on bacterial cellulose containing pectin-calcium gels by varying the order of assembly of cellulose/pectin networks, pectin degree of methylesterification and calcium concentration. 28224897 3 39 theme concentration 676:688 arg1 assembly 587:594 assembly 587:594 assembly of cellulose/pectin networks, pectin degree of methylesterification and calcium concentration 587:688 To investigate this proposed role of pectins, bioinspired wall models were synthesised based on bacterial cellulose containing pectin-calcium gels by varying the order of assembly of cellulose/pectin networks, pectin degree of methylesterification and calcium concentration. 28224897 3 40 theme degree 633:638 arg1 assembly 587:594 assembly 587:594 assembly of cellulose/pectin networks, pectin degree of methylesterification and calcium concentration 587:688 To investigate this proposed role of pectins, bioinspired wall models were synthesised based on bacterial cellulose containing pectin-calcium gels by varying the order of assembly of cellulose/pectin networks, pectin degree of methylesterification and calcium concentration. 28224897 3 41 theme wall 474:477 arg1 models 479:484 bioinspired wall models 462:484 bioinspired wall models 462:484 To investigate this proposed role of pectins, bioinspired wall models were synthesised based on bacterial cellulose containing pectin-calcium gels by varying the order of assembly of cellulose/pectin networks, pectin degree of methylesterification and calcium concentration. 28224897 0 42 theme material 70:77 arg1 properties 79:88 material properties 70:88 material properties 70:88 Cellulose-pectin composite hydrogels: Intermolecular interactions and material properties depend on order of assembly. 28224897 3 43 theme networks 616:623 arg1 assembly 587:594 assembly 587:594 assembly of cellulose/pectin networks, pectin degree of methylesterification and calcium concentration 587:688 To investigate this proposed role of pectins, bioinspired wall models were synthesised based on bacterial cellulose containing pectin-calcium gels by varying the order of assembly of cellulose/pectin networks, pectin degree of methylesterification and calcium concentration. 28224897 1 44 theme cell 125:128 arg1 walls 130:134 Plant cell walls 119:134 Plant cell walls 119:134 Plant cell walls have a unique combination of strength and flexibility however, further investigations are required to understand how those properties arise from the assembly of the relevant biopolymers. 28224897 3 45 theme bacterial 512:520 arg1 cellulose 522:530 bacterial cellulose 512:530 bacterial cellulose containing pectin-calcium gels 512:561 To investigate this proposed role of pectins, bioinspired wall models were synthesised based on bacterial cellulose containing pectin-calcium gels by varying the order of assembly of cellulose/pectin networks, pectin degree of methylesterification and calcium concentration. 28224897 4 46 dep scattering 846:855 arg1 SANS 867:870 SANS 867:870 SANS 867:870 Hydrogels in which pectin-calcium assembly occurred prior to cellulose synthesis showed evidence for direct cellulose/pectin interactions from small-angle scattering (SAXS and SANS), had the densest networks and the lowest normal stress. 28224897 4 46 dep scattering 846:855 arg1 SAXS 858:861 SAXS 858:861 SAXS 858:861 Hydrogels in which pectin-calcium assembly occurred prior to cellulose synthesis showed evidence for direct cellulose/pectin interactions from small-angle scattering (SAXS and SANS), had the densest networks and the lowest normal stress. 28224897 4 47 theme direct 792:797 arg1 interactions 816:827 direct cellulose/pectin interactions 792:827 direct cellulose/pectin interactions from small-angle scattering (SAXS and SANS) 792:871 Hydrogels in which pectin-calcium assembly occurred prior to cellulose synthesis showed evidence for direct cellulose/pectin interactions from small-angle scattering (SAXS and SANS), had the densest networks and the lowest normal stress. 28224897 3 48 theme calcium 668:674 arg1 concentration 676:688 calcium concentration 668:688 calcium concentration 668:688 To investigate this proposed role of pectins, bioinspired wall models were synthesised based on bacterial cellulose containing pectin-calcium gels by varying the order of assembly of cellulose/pectin networks, pectin degree of methylesterification and calcium concentration. 28224897 4 49 theme pectin-calcium 710:723 arg1 assembly 725:732 pectin-calcium assembly 710:732 pectin-calcium assembly 710:732 Hydrogels in which pectin-calcium assembly occurred prior to cellulose synthesis showed evidence for direct cellulose/pectin interactions from small-angle scattering (SAXS and SANS), had the densest networks and the lowest normal stress. 28224897 6 50 theme pectin 1173:1178 arg1 role 1165:1168 the role 1161:1168 the role of pectin in the mechanics of cell walls 1161:1209 The results highlight the importance of the order of assembly on the properties of cellulose composite networks and support the role of pectin in the mechanics of cell walls. 28224897 6 51 theme composite 1130:1138 arg1 networks 1140:1147 cellulose composite networks 1120:1147 cellulose composite networks 1120:1147 The results highlight the importance of the order of assembly on the properties of cellulose composite networks and support the role of pectin in the mechanics of cell walls. 28224897 1 52 theme unique 143:148 arg1 combination 150:160 a unique combination 141:160 a unique combination of strength and flexibility 141:188 Plant cell walls have a unique combination of strength and flexibility however, further investigations are required to understand how those properties arise from the assembly of the relevant biopolymers. 28224897 6 53 theme assembly 1090:1097 arg1 order 1081:1085 the order 1077:1085 the order of assembly 1077:1097 The results highlight the importance of the order of assembly on the properties of cellulose composite networks and support the role of pectin in the mechanics of cell walls. 28224897 3 54 contain containing 532:541 arg2 gels 558:561 pectin-calcium gels 543:561 pectin-calcium gels 543:561 To investigate this proposed role of pectins, bioinspired wall models were synthesised based on bacterial cellulose containing pectin-calcium gels by varying the order of assembly of cellulose/pectin networks, pectin degree of methylesterification and calcium concentration. 28224897 3 54 contain containing 532:541 arg1 cellulose 522:530 bacterial cellulose 512:530 bacterial cellulose containing pectin-calcium gels 512:561 To investigate this proposed role of pectins, bioinspired wall models were synthesised based on bacterial cellulose containing pectin-calcium gels by varying the order of assembly of cellulose/pectin networks, pectin degree of methylesterification and calcium concentration. 28224897 3 55 theme methylesterification 643:662 arg1 networks 616:623 cellulose/pectin networks 599:623 cellulose/pectin networks 599:623 To investigate this proposed role of pectins, bioinspired wall models were synthesised based on bacterial cellulose containing pectin-calcium gels by varying the order of assembly of cellulose/pectin networks, pectin degree of methylesterification and calcium concentration. 28224897 3 55 theme methylesterification 643:662 arg1 degree 633:638 pectin degree 626:638 pectin degree of methylesterification 626:662 To investigate this proposed role of pectins, bioinspired wall models were synthesised based on bacterial cellulose containing pectin-calcium gels by varying the order of assembly of cellulose/pectin networks, pectin degree of methylesterification and calcium concentration. 28224897 3 55 theme methylesterification 643:662 arg1 concentration 676:688 calcium concentration 668:688 calcium concentration 668:688 To investigate this proposed role of pectins, bioinspired wall models were synthesised based on bacterial cellulose containing pectin-calcium gels by varying the order of assembly of cellulose/pectin networks, pectin degree of methylesterification and calcium concentration. 28224897 2 56 theme load-bearing 377:388 arg1 Ca2+-pectates 352:364 Ca2+-pectates 352:364 Ca2+-pectates 352:364 Recent studies indicate that Ca2+-pectates can act as load-bearing components in cell walls. 28224897 2 56 theme load-bearing 377:388 arg1 components 390:399 load-bearing components 377:399 load-bearing components in cell walls 377:413 Recent studies indicate that Ca2+-pectates can act as load-bearing components in cell walls. 26917400 4 0 theme hydrogen 770:777 arg1 bonds 779:783 hydrogen bonds 770:783 hydrogen bonds 770:783 The percentage of intermolecular hydrogen bond decreased with increase of pH. At the same time, the effect of hydrogen bonds on properties of the composite material was discussed. 26917400 6 1 theme SEM 1068:1070 arg1 images 1072:1077 SA/AKP fiber SEM images 1055:1077 SA/AKP fiber SEM images 1055:1077 SA/AKP fiber SEM images and energy spectrum showed that crystallized salt was separated from the fiber, which possibly led to the fibrillation of the composite fibers. 26917400 6 2 theme crystallized 1111:1122 arg1 salt 1124:1127 crystallized salt 1111:1127 crystallized salt 1111:1127 SA/AKP fiber SEM images and energy spectrum showed that crystallized salt was separated from the fiber, which possibly led to the fibrillation of the composite fibers. 26917400 3 3 theme AKP 539:541 arg1 strength 589:596 the interaction strength 573:596 the interaction strength of hydrogen bonding 573:616 Experiment manifested the existence of intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds in SA/AKP system; strength of intermolecular hydrogen bond enhanced with the increase of AKP in the composite material and the interaction strength of hydrogen bonding followed the order: OH…Ether O>OH…π>OH…N. 26917400 3 3 theme AKP 539:541 arg1 increase 527:534 the increase 523:534 the increase of AKP in the composite material 523:567 Experiment manifested the existence of intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds in SA/AKP system; strength of intermolecular hydrogen bond enhanced with the increase of AKP in the composite material and the interaction strength of hydrogen bonding followed the order: OH…Ether O>OH…π>OH…N. 26917400 5 4 theme surface 961:967 arg1 tension 969:975 surface tension 961:975 surface tension 961:975 The increase of intermolecular hydrogen bonding led to the decrease of crystallinity, increase of apparent viscosity and surface tension, as well as obvious decrease of heat resistance of SA/AKP composite material. 26917400 6 5 theme fibers 1215:1220 arg1 fibrillation 1185:1196 the fibrillation 1181:1196 the fibrillation of the composite fibers 1181:1220 SA/AKP fiber SEM images and energy spectrum showed that crystallized salt was separated from the fiber, which possibly led to the fibrillation of the composite fibers. 26917400 5 6 theme material 1045:1052 arg1 resistance 1014:1023 heat resistance 1009:1023 heat resistance of SA/AKP composite material 1009:1052 The increase of intermolecular hydrogen bonding led to the decrease of crystallinity, increase of apparent viscosity and surface tension, as well as obvious decrease of heat resistance of SA/AKP composite material. 26917400 6 7 theme fiber 1062:1066 arg1 images 1072:1077 SA/AKP fiber SEM images 1055:1077 SA/AKP fiber SEM images 1055:1077 SA/AKP fiber SEM images and energy spectrum showed that crystallized salt was separated from the fiber, which possibly led to the fibrillation of the composite fibers. 26917400 2 8 theme hydrogen 336:343 arg1 HNMR 355:358 HNMR 355:358 HNMR 355:358 The hydrogen bonds of SA/AKP composite material were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum (HNMR). 26917400 2 8 theme hydrogen 336:343 arg1 spectrum 345:352 Nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum 309:352 Nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum (HNMR) 309:359 The hydrogen bonds of SA/AKP composite material were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum (HNMR). 26917400 3 9 from existence 388:396 arg1 system 460:465 SA/AKP system 453:465 SA/AKP system 453:465 Experiment manifested the existence of intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds in SA/AKP system; strength of intermolecular hydrogen bond enhanced with the increase of AKP in the composite material and the interaction strength of hydrogen bonding followed the order: OH…Ether O>OH…π>OH…N. 26917400 4 10 dep pH. 734:736 arg1 discussed 829:837 discussed 829:837 was discussed 825:837 The percentage of intermolecular hydrogen bond decreased with increase of pH. At the same time, the effect of hydrogen bonds on properties of the composite material was discussed. 26917400 4 11 theme bonds 779:783 arg1 effect 760:765 the effect 756:765 the effect of hydrogen bonds on properties of the composite material 756:823 The percentage of intermolecular hydrogen bond decreased with increase of pH. At the same time, the effect of hydrogen bonds on properties of the composite material was discussed. 26917400 4 12 theme pH. 734:736 arg1 increase 722:729 increase 722:729 increase of pH. At the same time, the effect of hydrogen bonds on properties of the composite material was discussed 722:837 The percentage of intermolecular hydrogen bond decreased with increase of pH. At the same time, the effect of hydrogen bonds on properties of the composite material was discussed. 26917400 5 13 theme tension 969:975 arg1 increase 926:933 increase 926:933 increase of apparent viscosity and surface tension 926:975 The increase of intermolecular hydrogen bonding led to the decrease of crystallinity, increase of apparent viscosity and surface tension, as well as obvious decrease of heat resistance of SA/AKP composite material. 26917400 5 13 theme tension 969:975 arg1 decrease 997:1004 obvious decrease 989:1004 obvious decrease of heat resistance of SA/AKP composite material 989:1052 The increase of intermolecular hydrogen bonding led to the decrease of crystallinity, increase of apparent viscosity and surface tension, as well as obvious decrease of heat resistance of SA/AKP composite material. 26917400 5 14 theme intermolecular 856:869 arg1 bonding 880:886 intermolecular hydrogen bonding 856:886 intermolecular hydrogen bonding 856:886 The increase of intermolecular hydrogen bonding led to the decrease of crystallinity, increase of apparent viscosity and surface tension, as well as obvious decrease of heat resistance of SA/AKP composite material. 26917400 1 15 theme Sodium 78:83 arg1 SA/AKP 138:143 SA/AKP 138:143 SA/AKP 138:143 Sodium alginate/Antarctic krill protein composite material (SA/AKP) was successfully obtained by blending method. 26917400 1 15 theme Sodium 78:83 arg1 material 128:135 Sodium alginate/Antarctic krill protein composite material 78:135 Sodium alginate/Antarctic krill protein composite material (SA/AKP) 78:144 Sodium alginate/Antarctic krill protein composite material (SA/AKP) was successfully obtained by blending method. 26917400 6 16 theme energy 1083:1088 arg1 spectrum 1090:1097 energy spectrum 1083:1097 energy spectrum 1083:1097 SA/AKP fiber SEM images and energy spectrum showed that crystallized salt was separated from the fiber, which possibly led to the fibrillation of the composite fibers. 26917400 2 17 dep transform 265:273 arg1 infrared 275:282 infrared 275:282 transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum (HNMR) 265:359 The hydrogen bonds of SA/AKP composite material were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum (HNMR). 26917400 3 18 theme hydrogen 435:442 arg1 bonds 444:448 intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds 401:448 intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds 401:448 Experiment manifested the existence of intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds in SA/AKP system; strength of intermolecular hydrogen bond enhanced with the increase of AKP in the composite material and the interaction strength of hydrogen bonding followed the order: OH…Ether O>OH…π>OH…N. 26917400 3 19 theme bonds 444:448 arg1 existence 388:396 the existence 384:396 the existence of intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds in SA/AKP system 384:465 Experiment manifested the existence of intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds in SA/AKP system; strength of intermolecular hydrogen bond enhanced with the increase of AKP in the composite material and the interaction strength of hydrogen bonding followed the order: OH…Ether O>OH…π>OH…N. 26917400 1 20 theme alginate/Antarctic 85:102 arg1 SA/AKP 138:143 SA/AKP 138:143 SA/AKP 138:143 Sodium alginate/Antarctic krill protein composite material (SA/AKP) was successfully obtained by blending method. 26917400 1 20 theme alginate/Antarctic 85:102 arg1 material 128:135 Sodium alginate/Antarctic krill protein composite material 78:135 Sodium alginate/Antarctic krill protein composite material (SA/AKP) 78:144 Sodium alginate/Antarctic krill protein composite material (SA/AKP) was successfully obtained by blending method. 26917400 2 21 dep Fourier 257:263 arg1 transform 265:273 transform 265:273 transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum (HNMR) 265:359 The hydrogen bonds of SA/AKP composite material were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum (HNMR). 26917400 3 22 theme intermolecular 401:414 arg1 bonds 444:448 intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds 401:448 intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds 401:448 Experiment manifested the existence of intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds in SA/AKP system; strength of intermolecular hydrogen bond enhanced with the increase of AKP in the composite material and the interaction strength of hydrogen bonding followed the order: OH…Ether O>OH…π>OH…N. 26917400 4 23 theme hydrogen 693:700 arg1 bond 702:705 intermolecular hydrogen bond 678:705 intermolecular hydrogen bond 678:705 The percentage of intermolecular hydrogen bond decreased with increase of pH. At the same time, the effect of hydrogen bonds on properties of the composite material was discussed. 26917400 1 24 theme krill 104:108 arg1 SA/AKP 138:143 SA/AKP 138:143 SA/AKP 138:143 Sodium alginate/Antarctic krill protein composite material (SA/AKP) was successfully obtained by blending method. 26917400 1 24 theme krill 104:108 arg1 material 128:135 Sodium alginate/Antarctic krill protein composite material 78:135 Sodium alginate/Antarctic krill protein composite material (SA/AKP) 78:144 Sodium alginate/Antarctic krill protein composite material (SA/AKP) was successfully obtained by blending method. 26917400 3 25 theme SA/AKP 453:458 arg1 system 460:465 SA/AKP system 453:465 SA/AKP system 453:465 Experiment manifested the existence of intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds in SA/AKP system; strength of intermolecular hydrogen bond enhanced with the increase of AKP in the composite material and the interaction strength of hydrogen bonding followed the order: OH…Ether O>OH…π>OH…N. 26917400 0 26 theme Hydrogen 0:7 arg1 bonds 9:13 Hydrogen bonds 0:13 Hydrogen bonds of sodium 0:23 Hydrogen bonds of sodium alginate/Antarctic krill protein composite material. 26917400 4 27 from effect 760:765 arg1 properties 788:797 properties 788:797 properties of the composite material 788:823 The percentage of intermolecular hydrogen bond decreased with increase of pH. At the same time, the effect of hydrogen bonds on properties of the composite material was discussed. 26917400 1 28 theme protein 110:116 arg1 SA/AKP 138:143 SA/AKP 138:143 SA/AKP 138:143 Sodium alginate/Antarctic krill protein composite material (SA/AKP) was successfully obtained by blending method. 26917400 1 28 theme protein 110:116 arg1 material 128:135 Sodium alginate/Antarctic krill protein composite material 78:135 Sodium alginate/Antarctic krill protein composite material (SA/AKP) 78:144 Sodium alginate/Antarctic krill protein composite material (SA/AKP) was successfully obtained by blending method. 26917400 3 29 dep order 631:635 arg1 O>OH…π>OH…N 647:657 O>OH…π>OH…N 647:657 O>OH…π>OH…N 647:657 Experiment manifested the existence of intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds in SA/AKP system; strength of intermolecular hydrogen bond enhanced with the increase of AKP in the composite material and the interaction strength of hydrogen bonding followed the order: OH…Ether O>OH…π>OH…N. 26917400 0 30 theme sodium 18:23 arg1 bonds 9:13 Hydrogen bonds 0:13 Hydrogen bonds of sodium 0:23 Hydrogen bonds of sodium alginate/Antarctic krill protein composite material. 26917400 6 31 theme composite 1205:1213 arg1 fibers 1215:1220 the composite fibers 1201:1220 the composite fibers 1201:1220 SA/AKP fiber SEM images and energy spectrum showed that crystallized salt was separated from the fiber, which possibly led to the fibrillation of the composite fibers. 26917400 3 32 from increase 527:534 arg1 material 560:567 the composite material 546:567 the composite material 546:567 Experiment manifested the existence of intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds in SA/AKP system; strength of intermolecular hydrogen bond enhanced with the increase of AKP in the composite material and the interaction strength of hydrogen bonding followed the order: OH…Ether O>OH…π>OH…N. 26917400 3 33 theme interaction 577:587 arg1 strength 589:596 the interaction strength 573:596 the interaction strength of hydrogen bonding 573:616 Experiment manifested the existence of intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds in SA/AKP system; strength of intermolecular hydrogen bond enhanced with the increase of AKP in the composite material and the interaction strength of hydrogen bonding followed the order: OH…Ether O>OH…π>OH…N. 26917400 3 34 theme hydrogen 495:502 arg1 bond 504:507 intermolecular hydrogen bond 480:507 intermolecular hydrogen bond enhanced with the increase of AKP in the composite material and the interaction strength of hydrogen bonding 480:616 Experiment manifested the existence of intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds in SA/AKP system; strength of intermolecular hydrogen bond enhanced with the increase of AKP in the composite material and the interaction strength of hydrogen bonding followed the order: OH…Ether O>OH…π>OH…N. 26917400 2 35 theme resonance 326:334 arg1 HNMR 355:358 HNMR 355:358 HNMR 355:358 The hydrogen bonds of SA/AKP composite material were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum (HNMR). 26917400 2 35 theme resonance 326:334 arg1 spectrum 345:352 Nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum 309:352 Nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum (HNMR) 309:359 The hydrogen bonds of SA/AKP composite material were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum (HNMR). 26917400 3 36 theme composite 550:558 arg1 material 560:567 the composite material 546:567 the composite material 546:567 Experiment manifested the existence of intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds in SA/AKP system; strength of intermolecular hydrogen bond enhanced with the increase of AKP in the composite material and the interaction strength of hydrogen bonding followed the order: OH…Ether O>OH…π>OH…N. 26917400 2 37 theme hydrogen 196:203 arg1 bonds 205:209 The hydrogen bonds 192:209 The hydrogen bonds of SA/AKP composite material 192:238 The hydrogen bonds of SA/AKP composite material were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum (HNMR). 26917400 2 38 theme Nuclear 309:315 arg1 resonance 326:334 Nuclear magnetic resonance 309:334 Nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum (HNMR) 309:359 The hydrogen bonds of SA/AKP composite material were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum (HNMR). 26917400 3 39 theme bond 504:507 arg1 strength 468:475 strength 468:475 strength of intermolecular hydrogen bond enhanced with the increase of AKP in the composite material and the interaction strength of hydrogen bonding 468:616 Experiment manifested the existence of intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds in SA/AKP system; strength of intermolecular hydrogen bond enhanced with the increase of AKP in the composite material and the interaction strength of hydrogen bonding followed the order: OH…Ether O>OH…π>OH…N. 26917400 0 40 theme krill 44:48 arg1 material 68:75 krill protein composite material 44:75 krill protein composite material 44:75 Hydrogen bonds of sodium alginate/Antarctic krill protein composite material. 26917400 5 41 theme hydrogen 871:878 arg1 bonding 880:886 intermolecular hydrogen bonding 856:886 intermolecular hydrogen bonding 856:886 The increase of intermolecular hydrogen bonding led to the decrease of crystallinity, increase of apparent viscosity and surface tension, as well as obvious decrease of heat resistance of SA/AKP composite material. 26917400 5 42 theme SA/AKP 1028:1033 arg1 material 1045:1052 SA/AKP composite material 1028:1052 SA/AKP composite material 1028:1052 The increase of intermolecular hydrogen bonding led to the decrease of crystallinity, increase of apparent viscosity and surface tension, as well as obvious decrease of heat resistance of SA/AKP composite material. 26917400 1 43 theme composite 118:126 arg1 SA/AKP 138:143 SA/AKP 138:143 SA/AKP 138:143 Sodium alginate/Antarctic krill protein composite material (SA/AKP) was successfully obtained by blending method. 26917400 1 43 theme composite 118:126 arg1 material 128:135 Sodium alginate/Antarctic krill protein composite material 78:135 Sodium alginate/Antarctic krill protein composite material (SA/AKP) 78:144 Sodium alginate/Antarctic krill protein composite material (SA/AKP) was successfully obtained by blending method. 26917400 4 44 theme intermolecular 678:691 arg1 bond 702:705 intermolecular hydrogen bond 678:705 intermolecular hydrogen bond 678:705 The percentage of intermolecular hydrogen bond decreased with increase of pH. At the same time, the effect of hydrogen bonds on properties of the composite material was discussed. 26917400 4 45 theme bond 702:705 arg1 percentage 664:673 The percentage 660:673 The percentage of intermolecular hydrogen bond 660:705 The percentage of intermolecular hydrogen bond decreased with increase of pH. At the same time, the effect of hydrogen bonds on properties of the composite material was discussed. 26917400 5 46 theme composite 1035:1043 arg1 material 1045:1052 SA/AKP composite material 1028:1052 SA/AKP composite material 1028:1052 The increase of intermolecular hydrogen bonding led to the decrease of crystallinity, increase of apparent viscosity and surface tension, as well as obvious decrease of heat resistance of SA/AKP composite material. 26917400 3 47 theme intermolecular 480:493 arg1 bond 504:507 intermolecular hydrogen bond 480:507 intermolecular hydrogen bond enhanced with the increase of AKP in the composite material and the interaction strength of hydrogen bonding 480:616 Experiment manifested the existence of intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds in SA/AKP system; strength of intermolecular hydrogen bond enhanced with the increase of AKP in the composite material and the interaction strength of hydrogen bonding followed the order: OH…Ether O>OH…π>OH…N. 26917400 0 48 theme composite 58:66 arg1 material 68:75 krill protein composite material 44:75 krill protein composite material 44:75 Hydrogen bonds of sodium alginate/Antarctic krill protein composite material. 26917400 6 49 theme SA/AKP 1055:1060 arg1 images 1072:1077 SA/AKP fiber SEM images 1055:1077 SA/AKP fiber SEM images 1055:1077 SA/AKP fiber SEM images and energy spectrum showed that crystallized salt was separated from the fiber, which possibly led to the fibrillation of the composite fibers. 26917400 5 50 theme obvious 989:995 arg1 decrease 997:1004 obvious decrease 989:1004 obvious decrease of heat resistance of SA/AKP composite material 989:1052 The increase of intermolecular hydrogen bonding led to the decrease of crystallinity, increase of apparent viscosity and surface tension, as well as obvious decrease of heat resistance of SA/AKP composite material. 26917400 3 51 theme bonding 610:616 arg1 strength 589:596 the interaction strength 573:596 the interaction strength of hydrogen bonding 573:616 Experiment manifested the existence of intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds in SA/AKP system; strength of intermolecular hydrogen bond enhanced with the increase of AKP in the composite material and the interaction strength of hydrogen bonding followed the order: OH…Ether O>OH…π>OH…N. 26917400 3 51 theme bonding 610:616 arg1 increase 527:534 the increase 523:534 the increase of AKP in the composite material 523:567 Experiment manifested the existence of intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds in SA/AKP system; strength of intermolecular hydrogen bond enhanced with the increase of AKP in the composite material and the interaction strength of hydrogen bonding followed the order: OH…Ether O>OH…π>OH…N. 26917400 4 52 theme same 745:748 arg1 time 750:753 the same time 741:753 the same time 741:753 The percentage of intermolecular hydrogen bond decreased with increase of pH. At the same time, the effect of hydrogen bonds on properties of the composite material was discussed. 26917400 0 53 theme protein 50:56 arg1 material 68:75 krill protein composite material 44:75 krill protein composite material 44:75 Hydrogen bonds of sodium alginate/Antarctic krill protein composite material. 26917400 2 54 theme composite 221:229 arg1 material 231:238 SA/AKP composite material 214:238 SA/AKP composite material 214:238 The hydrogen bonds of SA/AKP composite material were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum (HNMR). 26917400 2 55 theme material 231:238 arg1 bonds 205:209 The hydrogen bonds 192:209 The hydrogen bonds of SA/AKP composite material 192:238 The hydrogen bonds of SA/AKP composite material were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum (HNMR). 26917400 5 56 theme apparent 938:945 arg1 viscosity 947:955 apparent viscosity 938:955 apparent viscosity 938:955 The increase of intermolecular hydrogen bonding led to the decrease of crystallinity, increase of apparent viscosity and surface tension, as well as obvious decrease of heat resistance of SA/AKP composite material. 26917400 2 57 theme SA/AKP 214:219 arg1 material 231:238 SA/AKP composite material 214:238 SA/AKP composite material 214:238 The hydrogen bonds of SA/AKP composite material were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum (HNMR). 26917400 4 58 theme composite 806:814 arg1 material 816:823 the composite material 802:823 the composite material 802:823 The percentage of intermolecular hydrogen bond decreased with increase of pH. At the same time, the effect of hydrogen bonds on properties of the composite material was discussed. 26917400 5 59 theme viscosity 947:955 arg1 increase 926:933 increase 926:933 increase of apparent viscosity and surface tension 926:975 The increase of intermolecular hydrogen bonding led to the decrease of crystallinity, increase of apparent viscosity and surface tension, as well as obvious decrease of heat resistance of SA/AKP composite material. 26917400 5 59 theme viscosity 947:955 arg1 decrease 997:1004 obvious decrease 989:1004 obvious decrease of heat resistance of SA/AKP composite material 989:1052 The increase of intermolecular hydrogen bonding led to the decrease of crystallinity, increase of apparent viscosity and surface tension, as well as obvious decrease of heat resistance of SA/AKP composite material. 26917400 2 60 theme magnetic 317:324 arg1 resonance 326:334 Nuclear magnetic resonance 309:334 Nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum (HNMR) 309:359 The hydrogen bonds of SA/AKP composite material were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum (HNMR). 26917400 5 61 theme heat 1009:1012 arg1 resistance 1014:1023 heat resistance 1009:1023 heat resistance of SA/AKP composite material 1009:1052 The increase of intermolecular hydrogen bonding led to the decrease of crystallinity, increase of apparent viscosity and surface tension, as well as obvious decrease of heat resistance of SA/AKP composite material. 26917400 5 62 theme crystallinity 911:923 arg1 decrease 899:906 the decrease 895:906 the decrease of crystallinity 895:923 The increase of intermolecular hydrogen bonding led to the decrease of crystallinity, increase of apparent viscosity and surface tension, as well as obvious decrease of heat resistance of SA/AKP composite material. 26917400 5 63 theme bonding 880:886 arg1 increase 844:851 The increase 840:851 The increase of intermolecular hydrogen bonding 840:886 The increase of intermolecular hydrogen bonding led to the decrease of crystallinity, increase of apparent viscosity and surface tension, as well as obvious decrease of heat resistance of SA/AKP composite material. 26917400 5 64 theme resistance 1014:1023 arg1 increase 926:933 increase 926:933 increase of apparent viscosity and surface tension 926:975 The increase of intermolecular hydrogen bonding led to the decrease of crystallinity, increase of apparent viscosity and surface tension, as well as obvious decrease of heat resistance of SA/AKP composite material. 26917400 5 64 theme resistance 1014:1023 arg1 decrease 997:1004 obvious decrease 989:1004 obvious decrease of heat resistance of SA/AKP composite material 989:1052 The increase of intermolecular hydrogen bonding led to the decrease of crystallinity, increase of apparent viscosity and surface tension, as well as obvious decrease of heat resistance of SA/AKP composite material. 26917400 3 65 from strength 589:596 arg1 material 560:567 the composite material 546:567 the composite material 546:567 Experiment manifested the existence of intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds in SA/AKP system; strength of intermolecular hydrogen bond enhanced with the increase of AKP in the composite material and the interaction strength of hydrogen bonding followed the order: OH…Ether O>OH…π>OH…N. 26917400 3 66 theme intramolecular 420:433 arg1 bonds 444:448 intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds 401:448 intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds 401:448 Experiment manifested the existence of intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds in SA/AKP system; strength of intermolecular hydrogen bond enhanced with the increase of AKP in the composite material and the interaction strength of hydrogen bonding followed the order: OH…Ether O>OH…π>OH…N. 26917400 4 67 theme material 816:823 arg1 properties 788:797 properties 788:797 properties of the composite material 788:823 The percentage of intermolecular hydrogen bond decreased with increase of pH. At the same time, the effect of hydrogen bonds on properties of the composite material was discussed. 26917400 3 68 theme hydrogen 601:608 arg1 bonding 610:616 hydrogen bonding 601:616 hydrogen bonding 601:616 Experiment manifested the existence of intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds in SA/AKP system; strength of intermolecular hydrogen bond enhanced with the increase of AKP in the composite material and the interaction strength of hydrogen bonding followed the order: OH…Ether O>OH…π>OH…N. 25655247 11 0 theme unitage 1492:1498 arg1 impact 1474:1479 the impact 1470:1479 the impact of the new unitage on the release of products marketed in Europe 1470:1544 Phase 3 of the study collected data on the impact of the new unitage on the release of products marketed in Europe. 25655247 2 1 dep Pharmacopoeia 169:181 arg1 Eur 188:190 Eur 188:190 Eur 188:190 Following the heparin adulteration crisis, the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) 25655247 2 1 dep Pharmacopoeia 169:181 arg1 crisis 148:153 the heparin adulteration crisis 123:153 the heparin adulteration crisis 123:153 Following the heparin adulteration crisis, the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) 25655247 9 2 theme acceptance 1348:1357 arg1 limits 1359:1364 the currently defined acceptance limits 1326:1364 the currently defined acceptance limits (90 % to 111 %) 1326:1380 It also showed that the currently defined acceptance limits (90 % to 111 %) can be maintained in the revised Ph. Eur. 25655247 9 2 theme acceptance 1348:1357 arg1 % 1379:1379 90 % to 111 % 1367:1379 90 % to 111 % 1367:1379 It also showed that the currently defined acceptance limits (90 % to 111 %) can be maintained in the revised Ph. Eur. 25655247 4 3 theme activity 351:358 arg1 assay 324:328 the assay 320:328 the assay of the anticoagulant activity of heparin in order to replace the clotting method with more specific chromogenic methods for anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities 320:484 Assay of heparin with regard to the assay of the anticoagulant activity of heparin in order to replace the clotting method with more specific chromogenic methods for anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities. 25655247 2 4 theme heparin 127:133 arg1 crisis 148:153 the heparin adulteration crisis 123:153 the heparin adulteration crisis 123:153 Following the heparin adulteration crisis, the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) 25655247 0 5 theme Collaborative 0:12 arg1 study 14:18 Collaborative study 0:18 Collaborative study for the recalibration of Ph. 0:47 Collaborative study for the recalibration of Ph. Eur. 25655247 8 6 theme sodium 1177:1182 arg1 batch 1188:1192 Heparin sodium BRP batch 3 1169:1194 Heparin sodium BRP batch 3 1169:1194 The collaborative study confirmed that Heparin sodium BRP batch 3 is suitable for use as a reference preparation in the proposed chromogenic assays for unfractionated heparin. 25655247 5 7 theme Standardisation 586:600 arg1 BSP 613:615 BSP 613:615 BSP 613:615 An international collaborative study was carried out in 3 phases under the aegis of the Biological Standardisation Programme (BSP) of the Council of Europe and the European Commission in order to recalibrate Heparin sodium Biological Reference Preparation (BRP) batch 3 for these new assays. 25655247 5 7 theme Standardisation 586:600 arg1 Programme 602:610 the Biological Standardisation Programme 571:610 the Biological Standardisation Programme (BSP) of the Council of Europe and the European Commission in order to recalibrate Heparin sodium Biological Reference Preparation (BRP) batch 3 for these new assays 571:776 An international collaborative study was carried out in 3 phases under the aegis of the Biological Standardisation Programme (BSP) of the Council of Europe and the European Commission in order to recalibrate Heparin sodium Biological Reference Preparation (BRP) batch 3 for these new assays. 25655247 14 8 with batch 1868:1872 arg1 potency 1883:1889 a potency 1881:1889 a potency of 1000 IU/vial 1881:1905 Commission assigned Heparin sodium BRP batch 3 with a potency of 1000 IU/vial for both anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities in the chromogenic assays. 25655247 9 9 theme % 1370:1370 arg1 limits 1359:1364 the currently defined acceptance limits 1326:1364 the currently defined acceptance limits (90 % to 111 %) 1326:1380 It also showed that the currently defined acceptance limits (90 % to 111 %) can be maintained in the revised Ph. Eur. 25655247 9 9 theme % 1370:1370 arg1 % 1379:1379 90 % to 111 % 1367:1379 90 % to 111 % 1367:1379 It also showed that the currently defined acceptance limits (90 % to 111 %) can be maintained in the revised Ph. Eur. 25655247 5 10 theme new 767:769 arg1 assays 771:776 these new assays 761:776 these new assays 761:776 An international collaborative study was carried out in 3 phases under the aegis of the Biological Standardisation Programme (BSP) of the Council of Europe and the European Commission in order to recalibrate Heparin sodium Biological Reference Preparation (BRP) batch 3 for these new assays. 25655247 5 11 theme international 490:502 arg1 study 518:522 An international collaborative study 487:522 An international collaborative study 487:522 An international collaborative study was carried out in 3 phases under the aegis of the Biological Standardisation Programme (BSP) of the Council of Europe and the European Commission in order to recalibrate Heparin sodium Biological Reference Preparation (BRP) batch 3 for these new assays. 25655247 4 12 theme clotting 395:402 arg1 method 404:409 the clotting method 391:409 the clotting method with more specific chromogenic methods for anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities 391:484 Assay of heparin with regard to the assay of the anticoagulant activity of heparin in order to replace the clotting method with more specific chromogenic methods for anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities. 25655247 4 13 from order 374:378 arg1 assay 324:328 the assay 320:328 the assay of the anticoagulant activity of heparin in order to replace the clotting method with more specific chromogenic methods for anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities 320:484 Assay of heparin with regard to the assay of the anticoagulant activity of heparin in order to replace the clotting method with more specific chromogenic methods for anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities. 25655247 4 14 theme heparin 363:369 arg1 activity 351:358 the anticoagulant activity 333:358 the anticoagulant activity of heparin in order to replace the clotting method with more specific chromogenic methods for anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities 333:484 Assay of heparin with regard to the assay of the anticoagulant activity of heparin in order to replace the clotting method with more specific chromogenic methods for anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities. 25655247 8 15 theme reference 1221:1229 arg1 preparation 1231:1241 a reference preparation 1219:1241 a reference preparation in the proposed chromogenic assays for unfractionated heparin 1219:1303 The collaborative study confirmed that Heparin sodium BRP batch 3 is suitable for use as a reference preparation in the proposed chromogenic assays for unfractionated heparin. 25655247 5 16 theme Heparin 695:701 arg1 batch 749:753 Heparin sodium Biological Reference Preparation (BRP) batch 3 695:755 Heparin sodium Biological Reference Preparation (BRP) batch 3 for these new assays 695:776 An international collaborative study was carried out in 3 phases under the aegis of the Biological Standardisation Programme (BSP) of the Council of Europe and the European Commission in order to recalibrate Heparin sodium Biological Reference Preparation (BRP) batch 3 for these new assays. 25655247 3 17 theme chapter 273:279 arg1 2.7.5 281:285 the general chapter 2.7.5 261:285 the general chapter 2.7.5 261:285 Group of Experts on Biologicals (Group 6) considered a revision of the general chapter 2.7.5. 25655247 14 18 theme anti-Xa 1929:1935 arg1 activities 1937:1946 both anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities 1911:1946 activities 1937:1946 Commission assigned Heparin sodium BRP batch 3 with a potency of 1000 IU/vial for both anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities in the chromogenic assays. 25655247 5 19 theme Biological 710:719 arg1 batch 749:753 Heparin sodium Biological Reference Preparation (BRP) batch 3 695:755 Heparin sodium Biological Reference Preparation (BRP) batch 3 for these new assays 695:776 An international collaborative study was carried out in 3 phases under the aegis of the Biological Standardisation Programme (BSP) of the Council of Europe and the European Commission in order to recalibrate Heparin sodium Biological Reference Preparation (BRP) batch 3 for these new assays. 25655247 14 20 theme anti-IIa 1916:1923 arg1 activities 1937:1946 both anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities 1911:1946 activities 1937:1946 Commission assigned Heparin sodium BRP batch 3 with a potency of 1000 IU/vial for both anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities in the chromogenic assays. 25655247 8 21 theme proposed 1250:1257 arg1 assays 1271:1276 the proposed chromogenic assays 1246:1276 the proposed chromogenic assays for unfractionated heparin 1246:1303 The collaborative study confirmed that Heparin sodium BRP batch 3 is suitable for use as a reference preparation in the proposed chromogenic assays for unfractionated heparin. 25655247 12 22 theme batch 1758:1762 arg1 issues 1772:1777 batch release issues 1758:1777 batch release issues 1758:1777 The data from 5 manufacturers, who each reported results from both the clotting and chromogenic assays for a total of 23 batches, indicated that the replacement of the pharmacopoeial method is unlikely to cause batch release issues. 25655247 1 23 theme Heparin 54:60 arg1 BRP 69:71 Heparin sodium BRP 54:71 Heparin sodium BRP 54:71 Heparin sodium BRP batch 3 for chromogenic potency assays. 25655247 6 24 theme assay 896:900 arg1 results 902:908 the assay results 892:908 the assay results 892:908 Phase 1 confirmed the feasibility of the project, but also indicated that the composition of the buffers affects the assay results, thereby highlighting the importance of using common assay procedures. 25655247 4 25 with method 404:409 arg1 methods 442:448 more specific chromogenic methods 416:448 more specific chromogenic methods 416:448 Assay of heparin with regard to the assay of the anticoagulant activity of heparin in order to replace the clotting method with more specific chromogenic methods for anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities. 25655247 7 26 theme BRP 1117:1119 arg1 batch 1121:1125 Heparin sodium BRP batch 3 1102:1127 Heparin sodium BRP batch 3 1102:1127 Phase 2 consisted of a collaborative study involving 15 laboratories to calibrate the anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities of Heparin sodium BRP batch 3. 25655247 5 27 theme Reference 721:729 arg1 batch 749:753 Heparin sodium Biological Reference Preparation (BRP) batch 3 695:755 Heparin sodium Biological Reference Preparation (BRP) batch 3 for these new assays 695:776 An international collaborative study was carried out in 3 phases under the aegis of the Biological Standardisation Programme (BSP) of the Council of Europe and the European Commission in order to recalibrate Heparin sodium Biological Reference Preparation (BRP) batch 3 for these new assays. 25655247 4 28 theme specific 421:428 arg1 methods 442:448 more specific chromogenic methods 416:448 more specific chromogenic methods 416:448 Assay of heparin with regard to the assay of the anticoagulant activity of heparin in order to replace the clotting method with more specific chromogenic methods for anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities. 25655247 8 29 theme unfractionated 1282:1295 arg1 heparin 1297:1303 unfractionated heparin 1282:1303 unfractionated heparin 1282:1303 The collaborative study confirmed that Heparin sodium BRP batch 3 is suitable for use as a reference preparation in the proposed chromogenic assays for unfractionated heparin. 25655247 7 30 theme Heparin 1102:1108 arg1 batch 1121:1125 Heparin sodium BRP batch 3 1102:1127 Heparin sodium BRP batch 3 1102:1127 Phase 2 consisted of a collaborative study involving 15 laboratories to calibrate the anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities of Heparin sodium BRP batch 3. 25655247 1 31 theme chromogenic 85:95 arg1 assays 105:110 chromogenic potency assays 85:110 chromogenic potency assays 85:110 Heparin sodium BRP batch 3 for chromogenic potency assays. 25655247 6 32 theme assay 963:967 arg1 procedures 969:978 common assay procedures 956:978 common assay procedures 956:978 Phase 1 confirmed the feasibility of the project, but also indicated that the composition of the buffers affects the assay results, thereby highlighting the importance of using common assay procedures. 25655247 2 33 theme European 160:167 arg1 Pharmacopoeia 169:181 the European Pharmacopoeia 156:181 the European Pharmacopoeia 156:181 Following the heparin adulteration crisis, the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) 25655247 5 34 theme Preparation 731:741 arg1 batch 749:753 Heparin sodium Biological Reference Preparation (BRP) batch 3 695:755 Heparin sodium Biological Reference Preparation (BRP) batch 3 for these new assays 695:776 An international collaborative study was carried out in 3 phases under the aegis of the Biological Standardisation Programme (BSP) of the Council of Europe and the European Commission in order to recalibrate Heparin sodium Biological Reference Preparation (BRP) batch 3 for these new assays. 25655247 4 35 theme heparin 297:303 arg1 Assay 288:292 Assay 288:292 Assay of heparin with regard to the assay of the anticoagulant activity of heparin in order to replace the clotting method with more specific chromogenic methods for anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities. 288:485 Assay of heparin with regard to the assay of the anticoagulant activity of heparin in order to replace the clotting method with more specific chromogenic methods for anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities. 25655247 4 36 theme anti-Xa 467:473 arg1 activities 475:484 anti-Xa activities 467:484 anti-Xa activities 467:484 Assay of heparin with regard to the assay of the anticoagulant activity of heparin in order to replace the clotting method with more specific chromogenic methods for anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities. 25655247 5 37 theme BRP 744:746 arg1 batch 749:753 Heparin sodium Biological Reference Preparation (BRP) batch 3 695:755 Heparin sodium Biological Reference Preparation (BRP) batch 3 for these new assays 695:776 An international collaborative study was carried out in 3 phases under the aegis of the Biological Standardisation Programme (BSP) of the Council of Europe and the European Commission in order to recalibrate Heparin sodium Biological Reference Preparation (BRP) batch 3 for these new assays. 25655247 12 38 theme batches 1668:1674 arg1 total 1656:1660 a total 1654:1660 a total of 23 batches 1654:1674 The data from 5 manufacturers, who each reported results from both the clotting and chromogenic assays for a total of 23 batches, indicated that the replacement of the pharmacopoeial method is unlikely to cause batch release issues. 25655247 14 39 theme sodium 1857:1862 arg1 batch 1868:1872 Heparin sodium BRP batch 3 1849:1874 Heparin sodium BRP batch 3 with a potency of 1000 IU/vial for both anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities 1849:1946 Commission assigned Heparin sodium BRP batch 3 with a potency of 1000 IU/vial for both anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities in the chromogenic assays. 25655247 9 40 dep % 1379:1379 arg1 to 1372:1373 to 1372:1373 to 1372:1373 It also showed that the currently defined acceptance limits (90 % to 111 %) can be maintained in the revised Ph. Eur. 25655247 12 41 theme chromogenic 1631:1641 arg1 assays 1643:1648 chromogenic assays 1631:1648 chromogenic assays 1631:1648 The data from 5 manufacturers, who each reported results from both the clotting and chromogenic assays for a total of 23 batches, indicated that the replacement of the pharmacopoeial method is unlikely to cause batch release issues. 25655247 11 42 theme new 1488:1490 arg1 unitage 1492:1498 the new unitage 1484:1498 the new unitage 1484:1498 Phase 3 of the study collected data on the impact of the new unitage on the release of products marketed in Europe. 25655247 12 43 from assays 1643:1648 arg1 results 1596:1602 results 1596:1602 results from both the clotting and chromogenic assays for a total of 23 batches 1596:1674 The data from 5 manufacturers, who each reported results from both the clotting and chromogenic assays for a total of 23 batches, indicated that the replacement of the pharmacopoeial method is unlikely to cause batch release issues. 25655247 5 44 theme Programme 602:610 arg1 aegis 562:566 the aegis 558:566 the aegis of the Biological Standardisation Programme (BSP) of the Council of Europe and the European Commission in order to recalibrate Heparin sodium Biological Reference Preparation (BRP) batch 3 for these new assays 558:776 An international collaborative study was carried out in 3 phases under the aegis of the Biological Standardisation Programme (BSP) of the Council of Europe and the European Commission in order to recalibrate Heparin sodium Biological Reference Preparation (BRP) batch 3 for these new assays. 25655247 3 45 theme Experts 203:209 arg1 Experts 203:209 Experts 203:209 Experts 203:209 Group of Experts on Biologicals (Group 6) considered a revision of the general chapter 2.7.5. 25655247 3 45 theme Experts 203:209 arg1 Group 194:198 Group 194:198 Group of Experts on Biologicals (Group 6) 194:234 Group of Experts on Biologicals (Group 6) considered a revision of the general chapter 2.7.5. 25655247 4 46 theme anticoagulant 337:349 arg1 activity 351:358 the anticoagulant activity 333:358 the anticoagulant activity of heparin in order to replace the clotting method with more specific chromogenic methods for anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities 333:484 Assay of heparin with regard to the assay of the anticoagulant activity of heparin in order to replace the clotting method with more specific chromogenic methods for anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities. 25655247 9 47 theme defined 1340:1346 arg1 limits 1359:1364 the currently defined acceptance limits 1326:1364 the currently defined acceptance limits (90 % to 111 %) 1326:1380 It also showed that the currently defined acceptance limits (90 % to 111 %) can be maintained in the revised Ph. Eur. 25655247 9 47 theme defined 1340:1346 arg1 % 1379:1379 90 % to 111 % 1367:1379 90 % to 111 % 1367:1379 It also showed that the currently defined acceptance limits (90 % to 111 %) can be maintained in the revised Ph. Eur. 25655247 6 48 theme project 820:826 arg1 feasibility 801:811 the feasibility 797:811 the feasibility of the project 797:826 Phase 1 confirmed the feasibility of the project, but also indicated that the composition of the buffers affects the assay results, thereby highlighting the importance of using common assay procedures. 25655247 4 49 from activity 351:358 arg1 order 374:378 order 374:378 order to replace the clotting method with more specific chromogenic methods for anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities 374:484 Assay of heparin with regard to the assay of the anticoagulant activity of heparin in order to replace the clotting method with more specific chromogenic methods for anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities. 25655247 2 50 theme adulteration 135:146 arg1 crisis 148:153 the heparin adulteration crisis 123:153 the heparin adulteration crisis 123:153 Following the heparin adulteration crisis, the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) 25655247 7 51 theme collaborative 1004:1016 arg1 study 1018:1022 a collaborative study 1002:1022 a collaborative study involving 15 laboratories to calibrate the anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities of Heparin sodium BRP batch 3 1002:1127 Phase 2 consisted of a collaborative study involving 15 laboratories to calibrate the anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities of Heparin sodium BRP batch 3. 25655247 11 52 from impact 1474:1479 arg1 release 1507:1513 the release 1503:1513 the release of products marketed in Europe 1503:1544 Phase 3 of the study collected data on the impact of the new unitage on the release of products marketed in Europe. 25655247 0 53 theme Ph. 45:47 arg1 recalibration 28:40 the recalibration 24:40 the recalibration of Ph. 24:47 Collaborative study for the recalibration of Ph. Eur. 25655247 11 54 theme products 1518:1525 arg1 release 1507:1513 the release 1503:1513 the release of products marketed in Europe 1503:1544 Phase 3 of the study collected data on the impact of the new unitage on the release of products marketed in Europe. 25655247 5 55 theme Biological 575:584 arg1 BSP 613:615 BSP 613:615 BSP 613:615 An international collaborative study was carried out in 3 phases under the aegis of the Biological Standardisation Programme (BSP) of the Council of Europe and the European Commission in order to recalibrate Heparin sodium Biological Reference Preparation (BRP) batch 3 for these new assays. 25655247 5 55 theme Biological 575:584 arg1 Programme 602:610 the Biological Standardisation Programme 571:610 the Biological Standardisation Programme (BSP) of the Council of Europe and the European Commission in order to recalibrate Heparin sodium Biological Reference Preparation (BRP) batch 3 for these new assays 571:776 An international collaborative study was carried out in 3 phases under the aegis of the Biological Standardisation Programme (BSP) of the Council of Europe and the European Commission in order to recalibrate Heparin sodium Biological Reference Preparation (BRP) batch 3 for these new assays. 25655247 11 56 theme study 1446:1450 arg1 Phase 1431:1435 Phase 3 1431:1437 Phase 3 of the study 1431:1450 Phase 3 of the study collected data on the impact of the new unitage on the release of products marketed in Europe. 25655247 4 57 from assay 324:328 arg1 order 374:378 order 374:378 order to replace the clotting method with more specific chromogenic methods for anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities 374:484 Assay of heparin with regard to the assay of the anticoagulant activity of heparin in order to replace the clotting method with more specific chromogenic methods for anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities. 25655247 8 58 theme Heparin 1169:1175 arg1 batch 1188:1192 Heparin sodium BRP batch 3 1169:1194 Heparin sodium BRP batch 3 1169:1194 The collaborative study confirmed that Heparin sodium BRP batch 3 is suitable for use as a reference preparation in the proposed chromogenic assays for unfractionated heparin. 25655247 5 59 theme Europe 636:641 arg1 Council 625:631 the Council 621:631 the Council of Europe and the European Commission in order to recalibrate Heparin sodium Biological Reference Preparation (BRP) batch 3 for these new assays 621:776 An international collaborative study was carried out in 3 phases under the aegis of the Biological Standardisation Programme (BSP) of the Council of Europe and the European Commission in order to recalibrate Heparin sodium Biological Reference Preparation (BRP) batch 3 for these new assays. 25655247 6 60 theme buffers 876:882 arg1 composition 857:867 the composition 853:867 the composition of the buffers 853:882 Phase 1 confirmed the feasibility of the project, but also indicated that the composition of the buffers affects the assay results, thereby highlighting the importance of using common assay procedures. 25655247 8 61 theme BRP 1184:1186 arg1 batch 1188:1192 Heparin sodium BRP batch 3 1169:1194 Heparin sodium BRP batch 3 1169:1194 The collaborative study confirmed that Heparin sodium BRP batch 3 is suitable for use as a reference preparation in the proposed chromogenic assays for unfractionated heparin. 25655247 14 62 theme chromogenic 1955:1965 arg1 assays 1967:1972 the chromogenic assays 1951:1972 the chromogenic assays 1951:1972 Commission assigned Heparin sodium BRP batch 3 with a potency of 1000 IU/vial for both anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities in the chromogenic assays. 25655247 12 63 from manufacturers 1563:1575 arg1 data 1551:1554 The data 1547:1554 The data 1547:1554 The data from 5 manufacturers, who each reported results from both the clotting and chromogenic assays for a total of 23 batches, indicated that the replacement of the pharmacopoeial method is unlikely to cause batch release issues. 25655247 7 64 theme batch 1121:1125 arg1 activities 1088:1097 the anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities 1063:1097 activities 1088:1097 Phase 2 consisted of a collaborative study involving 15 laboratories to calibrate the anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities of Heparin sodium BRP batch 3. 25655247 5 65 theme collaborative 504:516 arg1 study 518:522 An international collaborative study 487:522 An international collaborative study 487:522 An international collaborative study was carried out in 3 phases under the aegis of the Biological Standardisation Programme (BSP) of the Council of Europe and the European Commission in order to recalibrate Heparin sodium Biological Reference Preparation (BRP) batch 3 for these new assays. 25655247 1 66 theme potency 97:103 arg1 assays 105:110 chromogenic potency assays 85:110 chromogenic potency assays 85:110 Heparin sodium BRP batch 3 for chromogenic potency assays. 25655247 8 67 theme collaborative 1134:1146 arg1 study 1148:1152 The collaborative study 1130:1152 The collaborative study 1130:1152 The collaborative study confirmed that Heparin sodium BRP batch 3 is suitable for use as a reference preparation in the proposed chromogenic assays for unfractionated heparin. 25655247 3 68 theme general 265:271 arg1 2.7.5 281:285 the general chapter 2.7.5 261:285 the general chapter 2.7.5 261:285 Group of Experts on Biologicals (Group 6) considered a revision of the general chapter 2.7.5. 25655247 5 69 theme Council 625:631 arg1 BSP 613:615 BSP 613:615 BSP 613:615 An international collaborative study was carried out in 3 phases under the aegis of the Biological Standardisation Programme (BSP) of the Council of Europe and the European Commission in order to recalibrate Heparin sodium Biological Reference Preparation (BRP) batch 3 for these new assays. 25655247 5 69 theme Council 625:631 arg1 Programme 602:610 the Biological Standardisation Programme 571:610 the Biological Standardisation Programme (BSP) of the Council of Europe and the European Commission in order to recalibrate Heparin sodium Biological Reference Preparation (BRP) batch 3 for these new assays 571:776 An international collaborative study was carried out in 3 phases under the aegis of the Biological Standardisation Programme (BSP) of the Council of Europe and the European Commission in order to recalibrate Heparin sodium Biological Reference Preparation (BRP) batch 3 for these new assays. 25655247 5 70 theme sodium 703:708 arg1 batch 749:753 Heparin sodium Biological Reference Preparation (BRP) batch 3 695:755 Heparin sodium Biological Reference Preparation (BRP) batch 3 for these new assays 695:776 An international collaborative study was carried out in 3 phases under the aegis of the Biological Standardisation Programme (BSP) of the Council of Europe and the European Commission in order to recalibrate Heparin sodium Biological Reference Preparation (BRP) batch 3 for these new assays. 25655247 3 71 theme 2.7.5 281:285 arg1 revision 249:256 a revision 247:256 a revision of the general chapter 2.7.5 247:285 Group of Experts on Biologicals (Group 6) considered a revision of the general chapter 2.7.5. 25655247 5 72 theme Commission 660:669 arg1 Council 625:631 the Council 621:631 the Council of Europe and the European Commission in order to recalibrate Heparin sodium Biological Reference Preparation (BRP) batch 3 for these new assays 621:776 An international collaborative study was carried out in 3 phases under the aegis of the Biological Standardisation Programme (BSP) of the Council of Europe and the European Commission in order to recalibrate Heparin sodium Biological Reference Preparation (BRP) batch 3 for these new assays. 25655247 12 73 theme release 1764:1770 arg1 issues 1772:1777 batch release issues 1758:1777 batch release issues 1758:1777 The data from 5 manufacturers, who each reported results from both the clotting and chromogenic assays for a total of 23 batches, indicated that the replacement of the pharmacopoeial method is unlikely to cause batch release issues. 25655247 7 74 theme sodium 1110:1115 arg1 batch 1121:1125 Heparin sodium BRP batch 3 1102:1127 Heparin sodium BRP batch 3 1102:1127 Phase 2 consisted of a collaborative study involving 15 laboratories to calibrate the anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities of Heparin sodium BRP batch 3. 25655247 12 75 theme method 1730:1735 arg1 replacement 1696:1706 the replacement 1692:1706 the replacement of the pharmacopoeial method 1692:1735 The data from 5 manufacturers, who each reported results from both the clotting and chromogenic assays for a total of 23 batches, indicated that the replacement of the pharmacopoeial method is unlikely to cause batch release issues. 25655247 12 75 theme method 1730:1735 arg1 unlikely 1740:1747 unlikely 1740:1747 unlikely 1740:1747 The data from 5 manufacturers, who each reported results from both the clotting and chromogenic assays for a total of 23 batches, indicated that the replacement of the pharmacopoeial method is unlikely to cause batch release issues. 25655247 11 76 from data 1462:1465 arg1 impact 1474:1479 the impact 1470:1479 the impact of the new unitage on the release of products marketed in Europe 1470:1544 Phase 3 of the study collected data on the impact of the new unitage on the release of products marketed in Europe. 25655247 1 77 theme sodium 62:67 arg1 BRP 69:71 Heparin sodium BRP 54:71 Heparin sodium BRP 54:71 Heparin sodium BRP batch 3 for chromogenic potency assays. 25655247 12 78 from clotting 1618:1625 arg1 results 1596:1602 results 1596:1602 results from both the clotting and chromogenic assays for a total of 23 batches 1596:1674 The data from 5 manufacturers, who each reported results from both the clotting and chromogenic assays for a total of 23 batches, indicated that the replacement of the pharmacopoeial method is unlikely to cause batch release issues. 25655247 4 79 theme chromogenic 430:440 arg1 methods 442:448 more specific chromogenic methods 416:448 more specific chromogenic methods 416:448 Assay of heparin with regard to the assay of the anticoagulant activity of heparin in order to replace the clotting method with more specific chromogenic methods for anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities. 25655247 14 80 theme IU/vial 1899:1905 arg1 potency 1883:1889 a potency 1881:1889 a potency of 1000 IU/vial 1881:1905 Commission assigned Heparin sodium BRP batch 3 with a potency of 1000 IU/vial for both anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities in the chromogenic assays. 25655247 8 81 theme chromogenic 1259:1269 arg1 assays 1271:1276 the proposed chromogenic assays 1246:1276 the proposed chromogenic assays for unfractionated heparin 1246:1303 The collaborative study confirmed that Heparin sodium BRP batch 3 is suitable for use as a reference preparation in the proposed chromogenic assays for unfractionated heparin. 25655247 8 82 from preparation 1231:1241 arg1 assays 1271:1276 the proposed chromogenic assays 1246:1276 the proposed chromogenic assays for unfractionated heparin 1246:1303 The collaborative study confirmed that Heparin sodium BRP batch 3 is suitable for use as a reference preparation in the proposed chromogenic assays for unfractionated heparin. 25655247 9 83 dep Eur 1419:1421 arg1 Ph. 1415:1417 the revised Ph. Eur 1403:1421 the revised Ph. Eur 1403:1421 It also showed that the currently defined acceptance limits (90 % to 111 %) can be maintained in the revised Ph. Eur. 25655247 7 84 theme anti-Xa 1080:1086 arg1 activities 1088:1097 the anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities 1063:1097 activities 1088:1097 Phase 2 consisted of a collaborative study involving 15 laboratories to calibrate the anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities of Heparin sodium BRP batch 3. 25655247 7 85 theme anti-IIa 1067:1074 arg1 activities 1088:1097 the anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities 1063:1097 activities 1088:1097 Phase 2 consisted of a collaborative study involving 15 laboratories to calibrate the anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities of Heparin sodium BRP batch 3. 25655247 0 86 dep Eur 49:51 arg1 study 14:18 Collaborative study 0:18 Collaborative study for the recalibration of Ph. 0:47 Collaborative study for the recalibration of Ph. Eur. 25655247 6 87 theme common 956:961 arg1 procedures 969:978 common assay procedures 956:978 common assay procedures 956:978 Phase 1 confirmed the feasibility of the project, but also indicated that the composition of the buffers affects the assay results, thereby highlighting the importance of using common assay procedures. 25655247 3 88 from Group 194:198 arg1 Biologicals 214:224 Biologicals 214:224 Biologicals (Group 6) 214:234 Group of Experts on Biologicals (Group 6) considered a revision of the general chapter 2.7.5. 25655247 3 88 from Group 194:198 arg1 Group 227:231 Group 6 227:233 Group 6 227:233 Group of Experts on Biologicals (Group 6) considered a revision of the general chapter 2.7.5. 25655247 14 89 theme BRP 1864:1866 arg1 batch 1868:1872 Heparin sodium BRP batch 3 1849:1874 Heparin sodium BRP batch 3 with a potency of 1000 IU/vial for both anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities 1849:1946 Commission assigned Heparin sodium BRP batch 3 with a potency of 1000 IU/vial for both anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities in the chromogenic assays. 25655247 12 90 theme pharmacopoeial 1715:1728 arg1 method 1730:1735 the pharmacopoeial method 1711:1735 the pharmacopoeial method 1711:1735 The data from 5 manufacturers, who each reported results from both the clotting and chromogenic assays for a total of 23 batches, indicated that the replacement of the pharmacopoeial method is unlikely to cause batch release issues. 25655247 14 91 theme Heparin 1849:1855 arg1 batch 1868:1872 Heparin sodium BRP batch 3 1849:1874 Heparin sodium BRP batch 3 with a potency of 1000 IU/vial for both anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities 1849:1946 Commission assigned Heparin sodium BRP batch 3 with a potency of 1000 IU/vial for both anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities in the chromogenic assays. 25655247 13 92 theme study 1809:1813 arg1 results 1793:1799 the results 1789:1799 the results of this study 1789:1813 Based on the results of this study, the Ph. Eur. 25655247 4 93 dep order 374:378 arg1 replace 383:389 replace 383:389 to replace the clotting method with more specific chromogenic methods for anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities 380:484 Assay of heparin with regard to the assay of the anticoagulant activity of heparin in order to replace the clotting method with more specific chromogenic methods for anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities. 26295953 11 0 theme fabricated 2121:2130 arg1 membranes 2144:2152 the fabricated nanofibrous membranes 2117:2152 the fabricated nanofibrous membranes 2117:2152 Experimental results of cell viability assay, confocal microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy imaging showed that the fabricated nanofibrous membranes have excellent ability for MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and growth. 26295953 7 1 theme component 1261:1269 arg1 polymers 1271:1278 the component polymers 1257:1278 the component polymers 1257:1278 The crystallinity of the PCL in the composite fiber was varied according to the composition of the component polymers. 26295953 12 2 theme biopolymer-based 2405:2420 arg1 materials 2422:2430 the biopolymer-based materials 2401:2430 the biopolymer-based materials for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine 2401:2495 Given the versatility and widespread use of cellulose-synthetic hybrid systems in the construction of tissue-engineered scaffolds, this work provides a novel strategy to fabricate the biopolymer-based materials for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 26295953 10 3 theme calcium 1899:1905 arg1 crystals 1917:1924 bioactive calcium phosphate crystals 1889:1924 bioactive calcium phosphate crystals 1889:1924 The improved wettability and presence of surface functional groups enhanced the ability to nucleate bioactive calcium phosphate crystals throughout the matrix when exposed to a simulated body fluid solution. 26295953 3 4 theme acetate 540:546 arg1 hybrid 520:525 a representative natural-synthetic hybrid 485:525 a representative natural-synthetic hybrid of cellulose acetate (CA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) in different ratios 485:598 In this study, a representative natural-synthetic hybrid of cellulose acetate (CA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) in different ratios was fabricated using an electrospinning process, and CA in the hybrid fiber was transformed into cellulose (CL) by post-electrospinning treatment via alkaline saponification. 26295953 1 5 theme various 280:286 arg1 applications 288:299 various applications 280:299 various applications 280:299 Post-electrospinning treatment is a facile process to improve the properties of electrospun nanofibers for various applications. 26295953 3 6 from CA 653:654 arg1 fiber 670:674 the hybrid fiber 659:674 the hybrid fiber 659:674 In this study, a representative natural-synthetic hybrid of cellulose acetate (CA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) in different ratios was fabricated using an electrospinning process, and CA in the hybrid fiber was transformed into cellulose (CL) by post-electrospinning treatment via alkaline saponification. 26295953 3 7 theme post-electrospinning 715:734 arg1 treatment 736:744 post-electrospinning treatment 715:744 post-electrospinning treatment via alkaline saponification 715:772 In this study, a representative natural-synthetic hybrid of cellulose acetate (CA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) in different ratios was fabricated using an electrospinning process, and CA in the hybrid fiber was transformed into cellulose (CL) by post-electrospinning treatment via alkaline saponification. 26295953 12 8 from applications 2436:2447 arg1 medicine 2488:2495 regenerative medicine 2475:2495 regenerative medicine 2475:2495 Given the versatility and widespread use of cellulose-synthetic hybrid systems in the construction of tissue-engineered scaffolds, this work provides a novel strategy to fabricate the biopolymer-based materials for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 26295953 12 8 from applications 2436:2447 arg1 engineering 2459:2469 tissue engineering 2452:2469 tissue engineering 2452:2469 Given the versatility and widespread use of cellulose-synthetic hybrid systems in the construction of tissue-engineered scaffolds, this work provides a novel strategy to fabricate the biopolymer-based materials for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 26295953 11 9 theme cell 2021:2024 arg1 assay 2036:2040 cell viability assay 2021:2040 cell viability assay 2021:2040 Experimental results of cell viability assay, confocal microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy imaging showed that the fabricated nanofibrous membranes have excellent ability for MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and growth. 26295953 4 10 theme subsequent 865:874 arg1 saponification 876:889 subsequent saponification 865:889 subsequent saponification 865:889 Scanning electron microscopy was employed to study the effects of polymer composition and subsequent saponification on the morphology of the nanofibers. 26295953 11 11 contain have 2154:2157 arg2 ability 2169:2175 excellent ability 2159:2175 excellent ability 2159:2175 Experimental results of cell viability assay, confocal microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy imaging showed that the fabricated nanofibrous membranes have excellent ability for MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and growth. 26295953 11 11 contain have 2154:2157 arg1 membranes 2144:2152 the fabricated nanofibrous membranes 2117:2152 the fabricated nanofibrous membranes 2117:2152 Experimental results of cell viability assay, confocal microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy imaging showed that the fabricated nanofibrous membranes have excellent ability for MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and growth. 26295953 9 12 theme groups 1654:1659 arg1 number 1635:1640 the number 1631:1640 the number of hydroxyl groups 1631:1659 Regeneration of cellulose chains in the nanofibers increased the number of hydroxyl groups, which increased the hydrogen bonding, thereby improving the mechanical properties and wettability of the composite nanofibers. 26295953 10 13 theme simulated 1966:1974 arg1 solution 1987:1994 a simulated body fluid solution 1964:1994 a simulated body fluid solution 1964:1994 The improved wettability and presence of surface functional groups enhanced the ability to nucleate bioactive calcium phosphate crystals throughout the matrix when exposed to a simulated body fluid solution. 26295953 3 14 from hybrid 520:525 arg1 ratios 593:598 different ratios 583:598 different ratios 583:598 In this study, a representative natural-synthetic hybrid of cellulose acetate (CA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) in different ratios was fabricated using an electrospinning process, and CA in the hybrid fiber was transformed into cellulose (CL) by post-electrospinning treatment via alkaline saponification. 26295953 2 15 theme direct 339:344 arg1 option 380:385 a suitable option 369:385 a suitable option to fabricate a nonwoven membrane of the desired polymer in a preferred morphology 369:467 This technique is commonly used when direct electrospinning is not a suitable option to fabricate a nonwoven membrane of the desired polymer in a preferred morphology. 26295953 2 15 theme direct 339:344 arg1 electrospinning 346:360 direct electrospinning 339:360 direct electrospinning 339:360 This technique is commonly used when direct electrospinning is not a suitable option to fabricate a nonwoven membrane of the desired polymer in a preferred morphology. 26295953 1 16 theme facile 209:214 arg1 treatment 194:202 Post-electrospinning treatment 173:202 Post-electrospinning treatment 173:202 Post-electrospinning treatment is a facile process to improve the properties of electrospun nanofibers for various applications. 26295953 1 16 theme facile 209:214 arg1 process 216:222 a facile process 207:222 a facile process to improve the properties of electrospun nanofibers for various applications 207:299 Post-electrospinning treatment is a facile process to improve the properties of electrospun nanofibers for various applications. 26295953 8 17 theme contact 1291:1297 arg1 angle 1299:1303 The water contact angle 1281:1303 The water contact angle 1281:1303 The water contact angle was considerably decreased (from 124° to less than 20°), and the mechanical properties were greatly enhanced (Young's Modulus was improved by ≈20-30 fold, tensile strength by 3-4 fold, and tensile stress by ≈2-4 fold) compared to those of PCL and PCL/CA membranes. 26295953 6 18 theme pronounced 1108:1117 arg1 changes 1119:1125 pronounced changes 1108:1125 pronounced changes in the physicochemical properties 1108:1159 The saponification of fibers lead to pronounced changes in the physicochemical properties. 26295953 12 19 from versatility 2231:2241 arg1 construction 2307:2318 the construction 2303:2318 the construction of tissue-engineered scaffolds 2303:2349 Given the versatility and widespread use of cellulose-synthetic hybrid systems in the construction of tissue-engineered scaffolds, this work provides a novel strategy to fabricate the biopolymer-based materials for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 26295953 11 20 theme microscopy 2052:2061 arg1 results 2010:2016 Experimental results 1997:2016 Experimental results of cell viability assay, confocal microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy imaging 1997:2103 Experimental results of cell viability assay, confocal microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy imaging showed that the fabricated nanofibrous membranes have excellent ability for MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and growth. 26295953 0 21 from Effects 77:83 arg1 Mineralization 157:170 Biomimetic Mineralization 146:170 Biomimetic Mineralization 146:170 In Situ Generation of Cellulose Nanocrystals in Polycaprolactone Nanofibers: Effects on Crystallinity, Mechanical Strength, Biocompatibility, and Biomimetic Mineralization. 26295953 0 21 from Effects 77:83 arg1 Biocompatibility 124:139 Biocompatibility 124:139 Biocompatibility 124:139 In Situ Generation of Cellulose Nanocrystals in Polycaprolactone Nanofibers: Effects on Crystallinity, Mechanical Strength, Biocompatibility, and Biomimetic Mineralization. 26295953 0 21 from Effects 77:83 arg1 Crystallinity 88:100 Crystallinity 88:100 Crystallinity 88:100 In Situ Generation of Cellulose Nanocrystals in Polycaprolactone Nanofibers: Effects on Crystallinity, Mechanical Strength, Biocompatibility, and Biomimetic Mineralization. 26295953 0 21 from Effects 77:83 arg1 Strength 114:121 Mechanical Strength 103:121 Mechanical Strength 103:121 In Situ Generation of Cellulose Nanocrystals in Polycaprolactone Nanofibers: Effects on Crystallinity, Mechanical Strength, Biocompatibility, and Biomimetic Mineralization. 26295953 8 22 dep 20° 1356:1358 arg1 to 1343:1344 to 1343:1344 to 1343:1344 The water contact angle was considerably decreased (from 124° to less than 20°), and the mechanical properties were greatly enhanced (Young's Modulus was improved by ≈20-30 fold, tensile strength by 3-4 fold, and tensile stress by ≈2-4 fold) compared to those of PCL and PCL/CA membranes. 26295953 12 23 from systems 2292:2298 arg1 construction 2307:2318 the construction 2303:2318 the construction of tissue-engineered scaffolds 2303:2349 Given the versatility and widespread use of cellulose-synthetic hybrid systems in the construction of tissue-engineered scaffolds, this work provides a novel strategy to fabricate the biopolymer-based materials for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 26295953 10 24 theme fluid 1981:1985 arg1 solution 1987:1994 a simulated body fluid solution 1964:1994 a simulated body fluid solution 1964:1994 The improved wettability and presence of surface functional groups enhanced the ability to nucleate bioactive calcium phosphate crystals throughout the matrix when exposed to a simulated body fluid solution. 26295953 0 25 theme Biomimetic 146:155 arg1 Mineralization 157:170 Biomimetic Mineralization 146:170 Biomimetic Mineralization 146:170 In Situ Generation of Cellulose Nanocrystals in Polycaprolactone Nanofibers: Effects on Crystallinity, Mechanical Strength, Biocompatibility, and Biomimetic Mineralization. 26295953 11 26 theme electron 2077:2084 arg1 microscopy 2086:2095 scanning electron microscopy 2068:2095 scanning electron microscopy 2068:2095 Experimental results of cell viability assay, confocal microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy imaging showed that the fabricated nanofibrous membranes have excellent ability for MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and growth. 26295953 8 27 theme tensile 1460:1466 arg1 strength 1468:1475 tensile strength 1460:1475 tensile strength by 3-4 fold 1460:1487 The water contact angle was considerably decreased (from 124° to less than 20°), and the mechanical properties were greatly enhanced (Young's Modulus was improved by ≈20-30 fold, tensile strength by 3-4 fold, and tensile stress by ≈2-4 fold) compared to those of PCL and PCL/CA membranes. 26295953 3 28 theme electrospinning 624:638 arg1 process 640:646 an electrospinning process 621:646 an electrospinning process 621:646 In this study, a representative natural-synthetic hybrid of cellulose acetate (CA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) in different ratios was fabricated using an electrospinning process, and CA in the hybrid fiber was transformed into cellulose (CL) by post-electrospinning treatment via alkaline saponification. 26295953 0 29 from Generation 8:17 arg1 Nanofibers 65:74 Polycaprolactone Nanofibers 48:74 Polycaprolactone Nanofibers 48:74 In Situ Generation of Cellulose Nanocrystals in Polycaprolactone Nanofibers: Effects on Crystallinity, Mechanical Strength, Biocompatibility, and Biomimetic Mineralization. 26295953 1 30 theme Post-electrospinning 173:192 arg1 treatment 194:202 Post-electrospinning treatment 173:202 Post-electrospinning treatment 173:202 Post-electrospinning treatment is a facile process to improve the properties of electrospun nanofibers for various applications. 26295953 1 30 theme Post-electrospinning 173:192 arg1 process 216:222 a facile process 207:222 a facile process to improve the properties of electrospun nanofibers for various applications 207:299 Post-electrospinning treatment is a facile process to improve the properties of electrospun nanofibers for various applications. 26295953 12 31 theme scaffolds 2341:2349 arg1 construction 2307:2318 the construction 2303:2318 the construction of tissue-engineered scaffolds 2303:2349 Given the versatility and widespread use of cellulose-synthetic hybrid systems in the construction of tissue-engineered scaffolds, this work provides a novel strategy to fabricate the biopolymer-based materials for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 26295953 4 32 theme electron 784:791 arg1 microscopy 793:802 Scanning electron microscopy 775:802 Scanning electron microscopy 775:802 Scanning electron microscopy was employed to study the effects of polymer composition and subsequent saponification on the morphology of the nanofibers. 26295953 5 33 theme gradual 993:999 arg1 decrease 1001:1008 a gradual decrease 991:1008 a gradual decrease in viscosity 991:1021 Increasing the PCL content in the PCL/CA blend solution caused a gradual decrease in viscosity, resulting in smoother and more uniform fibers. 26295953 12 34 theme systems 2292:2298 arg1 versatility 2231:2241 versatility 2231:2241 versatility 2231:2241 Given the versatility and widespread use of cellulose-synthetic hybrid systems in the construction of tissue-engineered scaffolds, this work provides a novel strategy to fabricate the biopolymer-based materials for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 26295953 12 34 theme systems 2292:2298 arg1 use 2258:2260 widespread use 2247:2260 widespread use 2247:2260 Given the versatility and widespread use of cellulose-synthetic hybrid systems in the construction of tissue-engineered scaffolds, this work provides a novel strategy to fabricate the biopolymer-based materials for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 26295953 12 35 theme hybrid 2285:2290 arg1 systems 2292:2298 cellulose-synthetic hybrid systems 2265:2298 cellulose-synthetic hybrid systems in the construction of tissue-engineered scaffolds 2265:2349 Given the versatility and widespread use of cellulose-synthetic hybrid systems in the construction of tissue-engineered scaffolds, this work provides a novel strategy to fabricate the biopolymer-based materials for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 26295953 0 36 theme Mechanical 103:112 arg1 Strength 114:121 Mechanical Strength 103:121 Mechanical Strength 103:121 In Situ Generation of Cellulose Nanocrystals in Polycaprolactone Nanofibers: Effects on Crystallinity, Mechanical Strength, Biocompatibility, and Biomimetic Mineralization. 26295953 9 37 theme nanofibers 1777:1786 arg1 properties 1733:1742 the mechanical properties 1718:1742 the mechanical properties 1718:1742 Regeneration of cellulose chains in the nanofibers increased the number of hydroxyl groups, which increased the hydrogen bonding, thereby improving the mechanical properties and wettability of the composite nanofibers. 26295953 9 37 theme nanofibers 1777:1786 arg1 wettability 1748:1758 wettability 1748:1758 wettability of the composite nanofibers 1748:1786 Regeneration of cellulose chains in the nanofibers increased the number of hydroxyl groups, which increased the hydrogen bonding, thereby improving the mechanical properties and wettability of the composite nanofibers. 26295953 8 38 theme mechanical 1370:1379 arg1 properties 1381:1390 the mechanical properties 1366:1390 the mechanical properties 1366:1390 The water contact angle was considerably decreased (from 124° to less than 20°), and the mechanical properties were greatly enhanced (Young's Modulus was improved by ≈20-30 fold, tensile strength by 3-4 fold, and tensile stress by ≈2-4 fold) compared to those of PCL and PCL/CA membranes. 26295953 0 39 theme In 0:1 arg1 Generation 8:17 In Situ Generation 0:17 In Situ Generation of Cellulose Nanocrystals in Polycaprolactone Nanofibers: Effects on Crystallinity, Mechanical Strength, Biocompatibility, and Biomimetic Mineralization. 0:171 In Situ Generation of Cellulose Nanocrystals in Polycaprolactone Nanofibers: Effects on Crystallinity, Mechanical Strength, Biocompatibility, and Biomimetic Mineralization. 26295953 5 40 theme blend 969:973 arg1 solution 975:982 the PCL/CA blend solution 958:982 the PCL/CA blend solution 958:982 Increasing the PCL content in the PCL/CA blend solution caused a gradual decrease in viscosity, resulting in smoother and more uniform fibers. 26295953 9 41 from Regeneration 1570:1581 arg1 nanofibers 1610:1619 the nanofibers 1606:1619 the nanofibers 1606:1619 Regeneration of cellulose chains in the nanofibers increased the number of hydroxyl groups, which increased the hydrogen bonding, thereby improving the mechanical properties and wettability of the composite nanofibers. 26295953 12 42 theme widespread 2247:2256 arg1 use 2258:2260 widespread use 2247:2260 widespread use 2247:2260 Given the versatility and widespread use of cellulose-synthetic hybrid systems in the construction of tissue-engineered scaffolds, this work provides a novel strategy to fabricate the biopolymer-based materials for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 26295953 9 43 dep increased 1621:1629 arg1 increased 1668:1676 increased 1668:1676 increased 1668:1676 Regeneration of cellulose chains in the nanofibers increased the number of hydroxyl groups, which increased the hydrogen bonding, thereby improving the mechanical properties and wettability of the composite nanofibers. 26295953 10 44 theme groups 1849:1854 arg1 presence 1818:1825 presence 1818:1825 presence 1818:1825 The improved wettability and presence of surface functional groups enhanced the ability to nucleate bioactive calcium phosphate crystals throughout the matrix when exposed to a simulated body fluid solution. 26295953 10 44 theme groups 1849:1854 arg1 wettability 1802:1812 wettability 1802:1812 wettability 1802:1812 The improved wettability and presence of surface functional groups enhanced the ability to nucleate bioactive calcium phosphate crystals throughout the matrix when exposed to a simulated body fluid solution. 26295953 2 45 theme polymer 435:441 arg1 membrane 411:418 a nonwoven membrane 400:418 a nonwoven membrane of the desired polymer 400:441 This technique is commonly used when direct electrospinning is not a suitable option to fabricate a nonwoven membrane of the desired polymer in a preferred morphology. 26295953 0 46 theme Cellulose 22:30 arg1 Nanocrystals 32:43 Cellulose Nanocrystals 22:43 Cellulose Nanocrystals 22:43 In Situ Generation of Cellulose Nanocrystals in Polycaprolactone Nanofibers: Effects on Crystallinity, Mechanical Strength, Biocompatibility, and Biomimetic Mineralization. 26295953 7 47 theme PCL 1187:1189 arg1 crystallinity 1166:1178 The crystallinity 1162:1178 The crystallinity of the PCL in the composite fiber 1162:1212 The crystallinity of the PCL in the composite fiber was varied according to the composition of the component polymers. 26295953 10 48 theme surface 1830:1836 arg1 groups 1849:1854 surface functional groups 1830:1854 surface functional groups 1830:1854 The improved wettability and presence of surface functional groups enhanced the ability to nucleate bioactive calcium phosphate crystals throughout the matrix when exposed to a simulated body fluid solution. 26295953 4 49 theme composition 849:859 arg1 effects 830:836 the effects 826:836 the effects of polymer composition and subsequent saponification on the morphology of the nanofibers 826:925 Scanning electron microscopy was employed to study the effects of polymer composition and subsequent saponification on the morphology of the nanofibers. 26295953 2 50 theme suitable 371:378 arg1 option 380:385 a suitable option 369:385 a suitable option to fabricate a nonwoven membrane of the desired polymer in a preferred morphology 369:467 This technique is commonly used when direct electrospinning is not a suitable option to fabricate a nonwoven membrane of the desired polymer in a preferred morphology. 26295953 2 50 theme suitable 371:378 arg1 electrospinning 346:360 direct electrospinning 339:360 direct electrospinning 339:360 This technique is commonly used when direct electrospinning is not a suitable option to fabricate a nonwoven membrane of the desired polymer in a preferred morphology. 26295953 12 51 theme tissue-engineered 2323:2339 arg1 scaffolds 2341:2349 tissue-engineered scaffolds 2323:2349 tissue-engineered scaffolds 2323:2349 Given the versatility and widespread use of cellulose-synthetic hybrid systems in the construction of tissue-engineered scaffolds, this work provides a novel strategy to fabricate the biopolymer-based materials for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 26295953 5 52 theme uniform 1055:1061 arg1 fibers 1063:1068 smoother and more uniform fibers 1037:1068 smoother and more uniform fibers 1037:1068 Increasing the PCL content in the PCL/CA blend solution caused a gradual decrease in viscosity, resulting in smoother and more uniform fibers. 26295953 2 53 used used 329:332 arg2 technique 307:315 This technique 302:315 This technique 302:315 This technique is commonly used when direct electrospinning is not a suitable option to fabricate a nonwoven membrane of the desired polymer in a preferred morphology. 26295953 11 54 theme MC3T3-E1 2181:2188 arg1 proliferation 2195:2207 MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation 2181:2207 MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation 2181:2207 Experimental results of cell viability assay, confocal microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy imaging showed that the fabricated nanofibrous membranes have excellent ability for MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and growth. 26295953 3 55 theme representative 487:500 arg1 hybrid 520:525 a representative natural-synthetic hybrid 485:525 a representative natural-synthetic hybrid of cellulose acetate (CA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) in different ratios 485:598 In this study, a representative natural-synthetic hybrid of cellulose acetate (CA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) in different ratios was fabricated using an electrospinning process, and CA in the hybrid fiber was transformed into cellulose (CL) by post-electrospinning treatment via alkaline saponification. 26295953 9 56 theme chains 1596:1601 arg1 Regeneration 1570:1581 Regeneration 1570:1581 Regeneration of cellulose chains in the nanofibers 1570:1619 Regeneration of cellulose chains in the nanofibers increased the number of hydroxyl groups, which increased the hydrogen bonding, thereby improving the mechanical properties and wettability of the composite nanofibers. 26295953 6 57 theme physicochemical 1134:1148 arg1 properties 1150:1159 the physicochemical properties 1130:1159 the physicochemical properties 1130:1159 The saponification of fibers lead to pronounced changes in the physicochemical properties. 26295953 1 58 theme electrospun 253:263 arg1 nanofibers 265:274 electrospun nanofibers 253:274 electrospun nanofibers 253:274 Post-electrospinning treatment is a facile process to improve the properties of electrospun nanofibers for various applications. 26295953 0 59 dep In 0:1 arg1 Situ 3:6 Situ 3:6 Situ 3:6 In Situ Generation of Cellulose Nanocrystals in Polycaprolactone Nanofibers: Effects on Crystallinity, Mechanical Strength, Biocompatibility, and Biomimetic Mineralization. 26295953 12 60 theme tissue 2452:2457 arg1 engineering 2459:2469 tissue engineering 2452:2469 tissue engineering 2452:2469 Given the versatility and widespread use of cellulose-synthetic hybrid systems in the construction of tissue-engineered scaffolds, this work provides a novel strategy to fabricate the biopolymer-based materials for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 26295953 10 61 theme phosphate 1907:1915 arg1 crystals 1917:1924 bioactive calcium phosphate crystals 1889:1924 bioactive calcium phosphate crystals 1889:1924 The improved wettability and presence of surface functional groups enhanced the ability to nucleate bioactive calcium phosphate crystals throughout the matrix when exposed to a simulated body fluid solution. 26295953 3 62 theme cellulose 530:538 arg1 acetate 540:546 cellulose acetate 530:546 cellulose acetate (CA) 530:551 In this study, a representative natural-synthetic hybrid of cellulose acetate (CA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) in different ratios was fabricated using an electrospinning process, and CA in the hybrid fiber was transformed into cellulose (CL) by post-electrospinning treatment via alkaline saponification. 26295953 3 62 theme cellulose 530:538 arg1 CA 549:550 CA 549:550 CA 549:550 In this study, a representative natural-synthetic hybrid of cellulose acetate (CA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) in different ratios was fabricated using an electrospinning process, and CA in the hybrid fiber was transformed into cellulose (CL) by post-electrospinning treatment via alkaline saponification. 26295953 11 63 theme nanofibrous 2132:2142 arg1 membranes 2144:2152 the fabricated nanofibrous membranes 2117:2152 the fabricated nanofibrous membranes 2117:2152 Experimental results of cell viability assay, confocal microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy imaging showed that the fabricated nanofibrous membranes have excellent ability for MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and growth. 26295953 11 64 theme excellent 2159:2167 arg1 ability 2169:2175 excellent ability 2159:2175 excellent ability 2159:2175 Experimental results of cell viability assay, confocal microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy imaging showed that the fabricated nanofibrous membranes have excellent ability for MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and growth. 26295953 7 65 theme polymers 1271:1278 arg1 composition 1242:1252 the composition 1238:1252 the composition of the component polymers 1238:1278 The crystallinity of the PCL in the composite fiber was varied according to the composition of the component polymers. 26295953 10 66 theme bioactive 1889:1897 arg1 crystals 1917:1924 bioactive calcium phosphate crystals 1889:1924 bioactive calcium phosphate crystals 1889:1924 The improved wettability and presence of surface functional groups enhanced the ability to nucleate bioactive calcium phosphate crystals throughout the matrix when exposed to a simulated body fluid solution. 26295953 3 67 theme polycaprolactone 557:572 arg1 hybrid 520:525 a representative natural-synthetic hybrid 485:525 a representative natural-synthetic hybrid of cellulose acetate (CA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) in different ratios 485:598 In this study, a representative natural-synthetic hybrid of cellulose acetate (CA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) in different ratios was fabricated using an electrospinning process, and CA in the hybrid fiber was transformed into cellulose (CL) by post-electrospinning treatment via alkaline saponification. 26295953 11 68 theme confocal 2043:2050 arg1 microscopy 2052:2061 confocal microscopy 2043:2061 confocal microscopy 2043:2061 Experimental results of cell viability assay, confocal microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy imaging showed that the fabricated nanofibrous membranes have excellent ability for MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and growth. 26295953 11 69 theme Experimental 1997:2008 arg1 results 2010:2016 Experimental results 1997:2016 Experimental results of cell viability assay, confocal microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy imaging 1997:2103 Experimental results of cell viability assay, confocal microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy imaging showed that the fabricated nanofibrous membranes have excellent ability for MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and growth. 26295953 9 70 theme hydroxyl 1645:1652 arg1 groups 1654:1659 hydroxyl groups 1645:1659 hydroxyl groups 1645:1659 Regeneration of cellulose chains in the nanofibers increased the number of hydroxyl groups, which increased the hydrogen bonding, thereby improving the mechanical properties and wettability of the composite nanofibers. 26295953 10 71 dep wettability 1802:1812 arg1 The 1789:1791 The 1789:1791 The 1789:1791 The improved wettability and presence of surface functional groups enhanced the ability to nucleate bioactive calcium phosphate crystals throughout the matrix when exposed to a simulated body fluid solution. 26295953 12 72 from use 2258:2260 arg1 construction 2307:2318 the construction 2303:2318 the construction of tissue-engineered scaffolds 2303:2349 Given the versatility and widespread use of cellulose-synthetic hybrid systems in the construction of tissue-engineered scaffolds, this work provides a novel strategy to fabricate the biopolymer-based materials for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 26295953 4 73 theme saponification 876:889 arg1 effects 830:836 the effects 826:836 the effects of polymer composition and subsequent saponification on the morphology of the nanofibers 826:925 Scanning electron microscopy was employed to study the effects of polymer composition and subsequent saponification on the morphology of the nanofibers. 26295953 11 74 theme viability 2026:2034 arg1 assay 2036:2040 cell viability assay 2021:2040 cell viability assay 2021:2040 Experimental results of cell viability assay, confocal microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy imaging showed that the fabricated nanofibrous membranes have excellent ability for MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and growth. 26295953 3 75 theme different 583:591 arg1 ratios 593:598 different ratios 583:598 different ratios 583:598 In this study, a representative natural-synthetic hybrid of cellulose acetate (CA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) in different ratios was fabricated using an electrospinning process, and CA in the hybrid fiber was transformed into cellulose (CL) by post-electrospinning treatment via alkaline saponification. 26295953 11 76 theme scanning 2068:2075 arg1 microscopy 2086:2095 scanning electron microscopy 2068:2095 scanning electron microscopy 2068:2095 Experimental results of cell viability assay, confocal microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy imaging showed that the fabricated nanofibrous membranes have excellent ability for MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and growth. 26295953 8 77 theme water 1285:1289 arg1 angle 1299:1303 The water contact angle 1281:1303 The water contact angle 1281:1303 The water contact angle was considerably decreased (from 124° to less than 20°), and the mechanical properties were greatly enhanced (Young's Modulus was improved by ≈20-30 fold, tensile strength by 3-4 fold, and tensile stress by ≈2-4 fold) compared to those of PCL and PCL/CA membranes. 26295953 12 78 theme novel 2373:2377 arg1 strategy 2379:2386 a novel strategy 2371:2386 a novel strategy to fabricate the biopolymer-based materials for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine 2371:2495 Given the versatility and widespread use of cellulose-synthetic hybrid systems in the construction of tissue-engineered scaffolds, this work provides a novel strategy to fabricate the biopolymer-based materials for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 26295953 3 79 theme alkaline 750:757 arg1 saponification 759:772 alkaline saponification 750:772 alkaline saponification 750:772 In this study, a representative natural-synthetic hybrid of cellulose acetate (CA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) in different ratios was fabricated using an electrospinning process, and CA in the hybrid fiber was transformed into cellulose (CL) by post-electrospinning treatment via alkaline saponification. 26295953 10 80 theme improved 1793:1800 arg1 wettability 1802:1812 wettability 1802:1812 wettability 1802:1812 The improved wettability and presence of surface functional groups enhanced the ability to nucleate bioactive calcium phosphate crystals throughout the matrix when exposed to a simulated body fluid solution. 26295953 9 81 theme hydrogen 1682:1689 arg1 bonding 1691:1697 the hydrogen bonding 1678:1697 the hydrogen bonding 1678:1697 Regeneration of cellulose chains in the nanofibers increased the number of hydroxyl groups, which increased the hydrogen bonding, thereby improving the mechanical properties and wettability of the composite nanofibers. 26295953 5 82 theme PCL 943:945 arg1 content 947:953 the PCL content 939:953 the PCL content in the PCL/CA blend solution 939:982 Increasing the PCL content in the PCL/CA blend solution caused a gradual decrease in viscosity, resulting in smoother and more uniform fibers. 26295953 4 83 theme nanofibers 916:925 arg1 morphology 898:907 the morphology 894:907 the morphology of the nanofibers 894:925 Scanning electron microscopy was employed to study the effects of polymer composition and subsequent saponification on the morphology of the nanofibers. 26295953 10 84 theme body 1976:1979 arg1 solution 1987:1994 a simulated body fluid solution 1964:1994 a simulated body fluid solution 1964:1994 The improved wettability and presence of surface functional groups enhanced the ability to nucleate bioactive calcium phosphate crystals throughout the matrix when exposed to a simulated body fluid solution. 26295953 4 85 from effects 830:836 arg1 morphology 898:907 the morphology 894:907 the morphology of the nanofibers 894:925 Scanning electron microscopy was employed to study the effects of polymer composition and subsequent saponification on the morphology of the nanofibers. 26295953 12 86 dep versatility 2231:2241 arg1 the 2227:2229 the 2227:2229 the 2227:2229 Given the versatility and widespread use of cellulose-synthetic hybrid systems in the construction of tissue-engineered scaffolds, this work provides a novel strategy to fabricate the biopolymer-based materials for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 26295953 11 87 theme microscopy 2086:2095 arg1 results 2010:2016 Experimental results 1997:2016 Experimental results of cell viability assay, confocal microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy imaging 1997:2103 Experimental results of cell viability assay, confocal microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy imaging showed that the fabricated nanofibrous membranes have excellent ability for MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and growth. 26295953 8 88 theme 3-4 1480:1482 arg1 fold 1484:1487 3-4 fold 1480:1487 3-4 fold 1480:1487 The water contact angle was considerably decreased (from 124° to less than 20°), and the mechanical properties were greatly enhanced (Young's Modulus was improved by ≈20-30 fold, tensile strength by 3-4 fold, and tensile stress by ≈2-4 fold) compared to those of PCL and PCL/CA membranes. 26295953 9 89 theme mechanical 1722:1731 arg1 properties 1733:1742 the mechanical properties 1718:1742 the mechanical properties 1718:1742 Regeneration of cellulose chains in the nanofibers increased the number of hydroxyl groups, which increased the hydrogen bonding, thereby improving the mechanical properties and wettability of the composite nanofibers. 26295953 7 90 from crystallinity 1166:1178 arg1 fiber 1208:1212 the composite fiber 1194:1212 the composite fiber 1194:1212 The crystallinity of the PCL in the composite fiber was varied according to the composition of the component polymers. 26295953 8 91 theme tensile 1494:1500 arg1 stress 1502:1507 tensile stress 1494:1507 tensile stress 1494:1507 The water contact angle was considerably decreased (from 124° to less than 20°), and the mechanical properties were greatly enhanced (Young's Modulus was improved by ≈20-30 fold, tensile strength by 3-4 fold, and tensile stress by ≈2-4 fold) compared to those of PCL and PCL/CA membranes. 26295953 12 92 from construction 2307:2318 arg1 versatility 2231:2241 versatility 2231:2241 versatility 2231:2241 Given the versatility and widespread use of cellulose-synthetic hybrid systems in the construction of tissue-engineered scaffolds, this work provides a novel strategy to fabricate the biopolymer-based materials for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 26295953 12 92 from construction 2307:2318 arg1 use 2258:2260 widespread use 2247:2260 widespread use 2247:2260 Given the versatility and widespread use of cellulose-synthetic hybrid systems in the construction of tissue-engineered scaffolds, this work provides a novel strategy to fabricate the biopolymer-based materials for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 26295953 0 93 dep Generation 8:17 arg1 Effects 77:83 Effects 77:83 In Situ Generation of Cellulose Nanocrystals in Polycaprolactone Nanofibers: Effects on Crystallinity, Mechanical Strength, Biocompatibility, and Biomimetic Mineralization. 0:171 In Situ Generation of Cellulose Nanocrystals in Polycaprolactone Nanofibers: Effects on Crystallinity, Mechanical Strength, Biocompatibility, and Biomimetic Mineralization. 26295953 11 94 theme assay 2036:2040 arg1 results 2010:2016 Experimental results 1997:2016 Experimental results of cell viability assay, confocal microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy imaging 1997:2103 Experimental results of cell viability assay, confocal microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy imaging showed that the fabricated nanofibrous membranes have excellent ability for MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and growth. 26295953 4 95 theme Scanning 775:782 arg1 microscopy 793:802 Scanning electron microscopy 775:802 Scanning electron microscopy 775:802 Scanning electron microscopy was employed to study the effects of polymer composition and subsequent saponification on the morphology of the nanofibers. 26295953 9 96 theme composite 1767:1775 arg1 nanofibers 1777:1786 the composite nanofibers 1763:1786 the composite nanofibers 1763:1786 Regeneration of cellulose chains in the nanofibers increased the number of hydroxyl groups, which increased the hydrogen bonding, thereby improving the mechanical properties and wettability of the composite nanofibers. 26295953 12 97 theme cellulose-synthetic 2265:2283 arg1 systems 2292:2298 cellulose-synthetic hybrid systems 2265:2298 cellulose-synthetic hybrid systems in the construction of tissue-engineered scaffolds 2265:2349 Given the versatility and widespread use of cellulose-synthetic hybrid systems in the construction of tissue-engineered scaffolds, this work provides a novel strategy to fabricate the biopolymer-based materials for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 26295953 7 98 theme composite 1198:1206 arg1 fiber 1208:1212 the composite fiber 1194:1212 the composite fiber 1194:1212 The crystallinity of the PCL in the composite fiber was varied according to the composition of the component polymers. 26295953 5 99 theme PCL/CA 962:967 arg1 solution 975:982 the PCL/CA blend solution 958:982 the PCL/CA blend solution 958:982 Increasing the PCL content in the PCL/CA blend solution caused a gradual decrease in viscosity, resulting in smoother and more uniform fibers. 26295953 6 100 theme fibers 1093:1098 arg1 saponification 1075:1088 The saponification 1071:1088 The saponification of fibers 1071:1098 The saponification of fibers lead to pronounced changes in the physicochemical properties. 26295953 2 101 theme nonwoven 402:409 arg1 membrane 411:418 a nonwoven membrane 400:418 a nonwoven membrane of the desired polymer 400:441 This technique is commonly used when direct electrospinning is not a suitable option to fabricate a nonwoven membrane of the desired polymer in a preferred morphology. 26295953 5 102 from content 947:953 arg1 solution 975:982 the PCL/CA blend solution 958:982 the PCL/CA blend solution 958:982 Increasing the PCL content in the PCL/CA blend solution caused a gradual decrease in viscosity, resulting in smoother and more uniform fibers. 26295953 2 103 theme preferred 448:456 arg1 morphology 458:467 a preferred morphology 446:467 a preferred morphology 446:467 This technique is commonly used when direct electrospinning is not a suitable option to fabricate a nonwoven membrane of the desired polymer in a preferred morphology. 26295953 0 104 theme Nanocrystals 32:43 arg1 Generation 8:17 In Situ Generation 0:17 In Situ Generation of Cellulose Nanocrystals in Polycaprolactone Nanofibers: Effects on Crystallinity, Mechanical Strength, Biocompatibility, and Biomimetic Mineralization. 0:171 In Situ Generation of Cellulose Nanocrystals in Polycaprolactone Nanofibers: Effects on Crystallinity, Mechanical Strength, Biocompatibility, and Biomimetic Mineralization. 26295953 5 105 theme smoother 1037:1044 arg1 fibers 1063:1068 smoother and more uniform fibers 1037:1068 smoother and more uniform fibers 1037:1068 Increasing the PCL content in the PCL/CA blend solution caused a gradual decrease in viscosity, resulting in smoother and more uniform fibers. 26295953 12 106 theme regenerative 2475:2486 arg1 medicine 2488:2495 regenerative medicine 2475:2495 regenerative medicine 2475:2495 Given the versatility and widespread use of cellulose-synthetic hybrid systems in the construction of tissue-engineered scaffolds, this work provides a novel strategy to fabricate the biopolymer-based materials for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 26295953 10 107 theme functional 1838:1847 arg1 groups 1849:1854 surface functional groups 1830:1854 surface functional groups 1830:1854 The improved wettability and presence of surface functional groups enhanced the ability to nucleate bioactive calcium phosphate crystals throughout the matrix when exposed to a simulated body fluid solution. 26295953 2 108 theme desired 427:433 arg1 polymer 435:441 the desired polymer 423:441 the desired polymer 423:441 This technique is commonly used when direct electrospinning is not a suitable option to fabricate a nonwoven membrane of the desired polymer in a preferred morphology. 26295953 0 109 theme Polycaprolactone 48:63 arg1 Nanofibers 65:74 Polycaprolactone Nanofibers 48:74 Polycaprolactone Nanofibers 48:74 In Situ Generation of Cellulose Nanocrystals in Polycaprolactone Nanofibers: Effects on Crystallinity, Mechanical Strength, Biocompatibility, and Biomimetic Mineralization. 26295953 8 110 theme PCL/CA 1552:1557 arg1 membranes 1559:1567 PCL/CA membranes 1552:1567 PCL/CA membranes 1552:1567 The water contact angle was considerably decreased (from 124° to less than 20°), and the mechanical properties were greatly enhanced (Young's Modulus was improved by ≈20-30 fold, tensile strength by 3-4 fold, and tensile stress by ≈2-4 fold) compared to those of PCL and PCL/CA membranes. 26295953 4 111 theme polymer 841:847 arg1 composition 849:859 polymer composition 841:859 polymer composition 841:859 Scanning electron microscopy was employed to study the effects of polymer composition and subsequent saponification on the morphology of the nanofibers. 26295953 9 112 theme cellulose 1586:1594 arg1 chains 1596:1601 cellulose chains 1586:1601 cellulose chains 1586:1601 Regeneration of cellulose chains in the nanofibers increased the number of hydroxyl groups, which increased the hydrogen bonding, thereby improving the mechanical properties and wettability of the composite nanofibers. 26295953 3 113 theme hybrid 663:668 arg1 fiber 670:674 the hybrid fiber 659:674 the hybrid fiber 659:674 In this study, a representative natural-synthetic hybrid of cellulose acetate (CA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) in different ratios was fabricated using an electrospinning process, and CA in the hybrid fiber was transformed into cellulose (CL) by post-electrospinning treatment via alkaline saponification. 26295953 6 114 from changes 1119:1125 arg1 properties 1150:1159 the physicochemical properties 1130:1159 the physicochemical properties 1130:1159 The saponification of fibers lead to pronounced changes in the physicochemical properties. 26295953 3 115 theme natural-synthetic 502:518 arg1 hybrid 520:525 a representative natural-synthetic hybrid 485:525 a representative natural-synthetic hybrid of cellulose acetate (CA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) in different ratios 485:598 In this study, a representative natural-synthetic hybrid of cellulose acetate (CA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) in different ratios was fabricated using an electrospinning process, and CA in the hybrid fiber was transformed into cellulose (CL) by post-electrospinning treatment via alkaline saponification. 26295953 8 116 dep decreased 1322:1330 arg1 20° 1356:1358 20° 1356:1358 20° 1356:1358 The water contact angle was considerably decreased (from 124° to less than 20°), and the mechanical properties were greatly enhanced (Young's Modulus was improved by ≈20-30 fold, tensile strength by 3-4 fold, and tensile stress by ≈2-4 fold) compared to those of PCL and PCL/CA membranes. 26295953 11 117 theme cell 2190:2193 arg1 proliferation 2195:2207 MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation 2181:2207 MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation 2181:2207 Experimental results of cell viability assay, confocal microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy imaging showed that the fabricated nanofibrous membranes have excellent ability for MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and growth. 26295953 5 118 from decrease 1001:1008 arg1 viscosity 1013:1021 viscosity 1013:1021 viscosity 1013:1021 Increasing the PCL content in the PCL/CA blend solution caused a gradual decrease in viscosity, resulting in smoother and more uniform fibers. 26295953 1 119 theme nanofibers 265:274 arg1 properties 239:248 the properties 235:248 the properties of electrospun nanofibers for various applications 235:299 Post-electrospinning treatment is a facile process to improve the properties of electrospun nanofibers for various applications. 28237496 1 0 theme increased 237:245 arg1 interest 247:254 an increased interest 234:254 an increased interest in the efficient utilization of lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks for the biosynthesis of value-added products 234:366 Developing Escherichia coli strains that are tolerant to acetate toxicity is important in light of an increased interest in the efficient utilization of lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks for the biosynthesis of value-added products. 28237496 0 1 theme poly 57:60 arg1 production 43:52 the production 39:52 the production of poly(lactate-co-3-hydroxyalkanoate) by pflA-deficient Escherichia coli RSC10 39:132 Effect of acetate as a co-feedstock on the production of poly(lactate-co-3-hydroxyalkanoate) by pflA-deficient Escherichia coli RSC10. 28237496 1 2 theme value-added 347:357 arg1 products 359:366 value-added products 347:366 value-added products 347:366 Developing Escherichia coli strains that are tolerant to acetate toxicity is important in light of an increased interest in the efficient utilization of lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks for the biosynthesis of value-added products. 28237496 0 3 dep Escherichia 111:121 arg1 coli 123:126 coli 123:126 coli 123:126 Effect of acetate as a co-feedstock on the production of poly(lactate-co-3-hydroxyalkanoate) by pflA-deficient Escherichia coli RSC10. 28237496 1 4 theme interest 247:254 arg1 light 225:229 light 225:229 light of an increased interest in the efficient utilization of lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks for the biosynthesis of value-added products 225:366 Developing Escherichia coli strains that are tolerant to acetate toxicity is important in light of an increased interest in the efficient utilization of lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks for the biosynthesis of value-added products. 28237496 1 5 theme products 359:366 arg1 biosynthesis 331:342 the biosynthesis 327:342 the biosynthesis of value-added products 327:366 Developing Escherichia coli strains that are tolerant to acetate toxicity is important in light of an increased interest in the efficient utilization of lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks for the biosynthesis of value-added products. 28237496 6 6 theme PHA 1066:1068 arg1 yields 1070:1075 PHA yields 1066:1075 PHA yields at 100 mM 1066:1085 Higher concentrations of acetate showed greater inhibition of fermentation than growth with a reduction of 90% in PHA yields at 100 mM. 28237496 7 7 theme acetate 1161:1167 arg1 potential 1148:1156 the potential 1144:1156 the potential of acetate as a modulator for the control of composition of PHAs that incorporate lactate (LA) monomers into the copolymer from hemicellulose derived sugars 1144:1313 Additionally, the present work provides data to support the potential of acetate as a modulator for the control of composition of PHAs that incorporate lactate (LA) monomers into the copolymer from hemicellulose derived sugars. 28237496 0 8 theme pflA-deficient 96:109 arg1 RSC10 128:132 pflA-deficient Escherichia coli RSC10 96:132 pflA-deficient Escherichia coli RSC10 96:132 Effect of acetate as a co-feedstock on the production of poly(lactate-co-3-hydroxyalkanoate) by pflA-deficient Escherichia coli RSC10. 28237496 3 9 theme E. coli 532:538 arg1 RSC10 540:544 E. coli RSC10 532:544 E. coli RSC10 532:544 E. coli RSC10 was found to be tolerant of acetate, both in growth and fermentation studies. 28237496 3 10 dep acetate 574:580 arg1 both 583:586 both 583:586 both 583:586 E. coli RSC10 was found to be tolerant of acetate, both in growth and fermentation studies. 28237496 0 11 from co-feedstock 23:34 arg1 production 43:52 the production 39:52 the production of poly(lactate-co-3-hydroxyalkanoate) by pflA-deficient Escherichia coli RSC10 39:132 Effect of acetate as a co-feedstock on the production of poly(lactate-co-3-hydroxyalkanoate) by pflA-deficient Escherichia coli RSC10. 28237496 6 12 theme Higher 952:957 arg1 concentrations 959:972 Higher concentrations 952:972 Higher concentrations of acetate 952:983 Higher concentrations of acetate showed greater inhibition of fermentation than growth with a reduction of 90% in PHA yields at 100 mM. 28237496 2 13 from xylose 481:486 arg1 PHAs 437:440 PHAs 437:440 PHAs 437:440 In this study, four strains known to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from the typical hemicellulosic sugar xylose were tested for their tolerance to acetate. 28237496 2 13 from xylose 481:486 arg1 polyhydroxyalkanoates 414:434 polyhydroxyalkanoates 414:434 polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from the typical hemicellulosic sugar xylose 414:486 In this study, four strains known to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from the typical hemicellulosic sugar xylose were tested for their tolerance to acetate. 28237496 6 14 theme fermentation 1014:1025 arg1 inhibition 1000:1009 greater inhibition 992:1009 greater inhibition of fermentation 992:1025 Higher concentrations of acetate showed greater inhibition of fermentation than growth with a reduction of 90% in PHA yields at 100 mM. 28237496 1 15 theme efficient 263:271 arg1 utilization 273:283 the efficient utilization 259:283 the efficient utilization of lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks for the biosynthesis of value-added products 259:366 Developing Escherichia coli strains that are tolerant to acetate toxicity is important in light of an increased interest in the efficient utilization of lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks for the biosynthesis of value-added products. 28237496 1 16 from utilization 273:283 arg1 light 225:229 light 225:229 light of an increased interest in the efficient utilization of lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks for the biosynthesis of value-added products 225:366 Developing Escherichia coli strains that are tolerant to acetate toxicity is important in light of an increased interest in the efficient utilization of lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks for the biosynthesis of value-added products. 28237496 5 17 theme acetate 892:898 arg1 depletion 879:887 complete depletion 870:887 complete depletion of acetate (25 mM) at 9 h 870:913 More importantly, the strain was found to be able to utilize acetate as a feedstock for biosynthesis of PHAs, with complete depletion of acetate (25 mM) at 9 h when acetate was the sole feedstock. 28237496 6 18 from yields 1070:1075 arg1 reduction 1046:1054 a reduction 1044:1054 a reduction of 90% in PHA yields at 100 mM 1044:1085 Higher concentrations of acetate showed greater inhibition of fermentation than growth with a reduction of 90% in PHA yields at 100 mM. 28237496 4 19 theme >2-fold 671:677 arg1 increase 679:686 a >2-fold increase 669:686 a >2-fold increase in overall yields 669:704 In the presence of acetate the strain showed a >2-fold increase in overall yields compared to using xylose alone as the feedstock. 28237496 7 20 theme derived 1300:1306 arg1 sugars 1308:1313 hemicellulose derived sugars 1286:1313 hemicellulose derived sugars 1286:1313 Additionally, the present work provides data to support the potential of acetate as a modulator for the control of composition of PHAs that incorporate lactate (LA) monomers into the copolymer from hemicellulose derived sugars. 28237496 1 21 theme acetate 192:198 arg1 toxicity 200:207 acetate toxicity 192:207 acetate toxicity 192:207 Developing Escherichia coli strains that are tolerant to acetate toxicity is important in light of an increased interest in the efficient utilization of lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks for the biosynthesis of value-added products. 28237496 0 22 theme acetate 10:16 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of acetate as a co-feedstock on the production of poly(lactate-co-3-hydroxyalkanoate) by pflA-deficient Escherichia coli RSC10. 0:133 Effect of acetate as a co-feedstock on the production of poly(lactate-co-3-hydroxyalkanoate) by pflA-deficient Escherichia coli RSC10. 28237496 0 23 theme Escherichia 111:121 arg1 RSC10 128:132 pflA-deficient Escherichia coli RSC10 96:132 pflA-deficient Escherichia coli RSC10 96:132 Effect of acetate as a co-feedstock on the production of poly(lactate-co-3-hydroxyalkanoate) by pflA-deficient Escherichia coli RSC10. 28237496 1 24 dep Escherichia 146:156 arg1 coli 158:161 coli 158:161 coli 158:161 Developing Escherichia coli strains that are tolerant to acetate toxicity is important in light of an increased interest in the efficient utilization of lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks for the biosynthesis of value-added products. 28237496 6 25 from 100 mM 1080:1085 arg1 % 1061:1061 90% 1059:1061 90% in PHA yields at 100 mM 1059:1085 Higher concentrations of acetate showed greater inhibition of fermentation than growth with a reduction of 90% in PHA yields at 100 mM. 28237496 6 25 from 100 mM 1080:1085 arg1 yields 1070:1075 PHA yields 1066:1075 PHA yields at 100 mM 1066:1085 Higher concentrations of acetate showed greater inhibition of fermentation than growth with a reduction of 90% in PHA yields at 100 mM. 28237496 7 26 theme PHAs 1218:1221 arg1 composition 1203:1213 composition 1203:1213 composition of PHAs that incorporate lactate (LA) monomers into the copolymer from hemicellulose derived sugars 1203:1313 Additionally, the present work provides data to support the potential of acetate as a modulator for the control of composition of PHAs that incorporate lactate (LA) monomers into the copolymer from hemicellulose derived sugars. 28237496 1 27 theme lignocellulosic 288:302 arg1 feedstocks 312:321 lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks 288:321 lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks 288:321 Developing Escherichia coli strains that are tolerant to acetate toxicity is important in light of an increased interest in the efficient utilization of lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks for the biosynthesis of value-added products. 28237496 6 28 theme acetate 977:983 arg1 concentrations 959:972 Higher concentrations 952:972 Higher concentrations of acetate 952:983 Higher concentrations of acetate showed greater inhibition of fermentation than growth with a reduction of 90% in PHA yields at 100 mM. 28237496 2 29 theme sugar 475:479 arg1 xylose 481:486 the typical hemicellulosic sugar xylose 448:486 the typical hemicellulosic sugar xylose 448:486 In this study, four strains known to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from the typical hemicellulosic sugar xylose were tested for their tolerance to acetate. 28237496 1 30 theme biomass 304:310 arg1 feedstocks 312:321 lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks 288:321 lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks 288:321 Developing Escherichia coli strains that are tolerant to acetate toxicity is important in light of an increased interest in the efficient utilization of lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks for the biosynthesis of value-added products. 28237496 1 31 from interest 247:254 arg1 utilization 273:283 the efficient utilization 259:283 the efficient utilization of lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks for the biosynthesis of value-added products 259:366 Developing Escherichia coli strains that are tolerant to acetate toxicity is important in light of an increased interest in the efficient utilization of lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks for the biosynthesis of value-added products. 28237496 7 32 theme lactate 1240:1246 arg1 monomers 1253:1260 lactate (LA) monomers 1240:1260 lactate (LA) monomers 1240:1260 Additionally, the present work provides data to support the potential of acetate as a modulator for the control of composition of PHAs that incorporate lactate (LA) monomers into the copolymer from hemicellulose derived sugars. 28237496 7 33 theme hemicellulose 1286:1298 arg1 sugars 1308:1313 hemicellulose derived sugars 1286:1313 hemicellulose derived sugars 1286:1313 Additionally, the present work provides data to support the potential of acetate as a modulator for the control of composition of PHAs that incorporate lactate (LA) monomers into the copolymer from hemicellulose derived sugars. 28237496 7 34 theme composition 1203:1213 arg1 control 1192:1198 the control 1188:1198 the control of composition of PHAs that incorporate lactate (LA) monomers into the copolymer from hemicellulose derived sugars 1188:1313 Additionally, the present work provides data to support the potential of acetate as a modulator for the control of composition of PHAs that incorporate lactate (LA) monomers into the copolymer from hemicellulose derived sugars. 28237496 2 35 theme hemicellulosic 460:473 arg1 xylose 481:486 the typical hemicellulosic sugar xylose 448:486 the typical hemicellulosic sugar xylose 448:486 In this study, four strains known to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from the typical hemicellulosic sugar xylose were tested for their tolerance to acetate. 28237496 1 36 theme feedstocks 312:321 arg1 utilization 273:283 the efficient utilization 259:283 the efficient utilization of lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks for the biosynthesis of value-added products 259:366 Developing Escherichia coli strains that are tolerant to acetate toxicity is important in light of an increased interest in the efficient utilization of lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks for the biosynthesis of value-added products. 28237496 3 37 theme acetate 574:580 arg1 tolerant 562:569 tolerant 562:569 tolerant 562:569 E. coli RSC10 was found to be tolerant of acetate, both in growth and fermentation studies. 28237496 1 38 from important 212:220 arg1 light 225:229 light 225:229 light of an increased interest in the efficient utilization of lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks for the biosynthesis of value-added products 225:366 Developing Escherichia coli strains that are tolerant to acetate toxicity is important in light of an increased interest in the efficient utilization of lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks for the biosynthesis of value-added products. 28237496 4 39 theme overall 691:697 arg1 yields 699:704 overall yields 691:704 overall yields 691:704 In the presence of acetate the strain showed a >2-fold increase in overall yields compared to using xylose alone as the feedstock. 28237496 2 40 theme typical 452:458 arg1 xylose 481:486 the typical hemicellulosic sugar xylose 448:486 the typical hemicellulosic sugar xylose 448:486 In this study, four strains known to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from the typical hemicellulosic sugar xylose were tested for their tolerance to acetate. 28237496 6 41 theme % 1061:1061 arg1 reduction 1046:1054 a reduction 1044:1054 a reduction of 90% in PHA yields at 100 mM 1044:1085 Higher concentrations of acetate showed greater inhibition of fermentation than growth with a reduction of 90% in PHA yields at 100 mM. 28237496 3 42 theme fermentation 602:613 arg1 studies 615:621 fermentation studies 602:621 fermentation studies 602:621 E. coli RSC10 was found to be tolerant of acetate, both in growth and fermentation studies. 28237496 6 43 from % 1061:1061 arg1 100 mM 1080:1085 100 mM 1080:1085 100 mM 1080:1085 Higher concentrations of acetate showed greater inhibition of fermentation than growth with a reduction of 90% in PHA yields at 100 mM. 28237496 6 43 from % 1061:1061 arg1 yields 1070:1075 PHA yields 1066:1075 PHA yields at 100 mM 1066:1085 Higher concentrations of acetate showed greater inhibition of fermentation than growth with a reduction of 90% in PHA yields at 100 mM. 28237496 5 44 theme PHAs 859:862 arg1 biosynthesis 843:854 biosynthesis 843:854 biosynthesis of PHAs 843:862 More importantly, the strain was found to be able to utilize acetate as a feedstock for biosynthesis of PHAs, with complete depletion of acetate (25 mM) at 9 h when acetate was the sole feedstock. 28237496 7 45 from sugars 1308:1313 arg1 copolymer 1271:1279 the copolymer 1267:1279 the copolymer from hemicellulose derived sugars 1267:1313 Additionally, the present work provides data to support the potential of acetate as a modulator for the control of composition of PHAs that incorporate lactate (LA) monomers into the copolymer from hemicellulose derived sugars. 28237496 1 46 from light 225:229 arg1 utilization 273:283 the efficient utilization 259:283 the efficient utilization of lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks for the biosynthesis of value-added products 259:366 Developing Escherichia coli strains that are tolerant to acetate toxicity is important in light of an increased interest in the efficient utilization of lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks for the biosynthesis of value-added products. 28237496 1 46 from light 225:229 arg1 important 212:220 important 212:220 important 212:220 Developing Escherichia coli strains that are tolerant to acetate toxicity is important in light of an increased interest in the efficient utilization of lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks for the biosynthesis of value-added products. 28237496 6 47 theme greater 992:998 arg1 inhibition 1000:1009 greater inhibition 992:1009 greater inhibition of fermentation 992:1025 Higher concentrations of acetate showed greater inhibition of fermentation than growth with a reduction of 90% in PHA yields at 100 mM. 28237496 5 48 theme complete 870:877 arg1 depletion 879:887 complete depletion 870:887 complete depletion of acetate (25 mM) at 9 h 870:913 More importantly, the strain was found to be able to utilize acetate as a feedstock for biosynthesis of PHAs, with complete depletion of acetate (25 mM) at 9 h when acetate was the sole feedstock. 28237496 7 49 link derived 1300:1306 arg1 sugars 1308:1313 hemicellulose derived sugars 1286:1313 hemicellulose derived sugars 1286:1313 Additionally, the present work provides data to support the potential of acetate as a modulator for the control of composition of PHAs that incorporate lactate (LA) monomers into the copolymer from hemicellulose derived sugars. 28237496 4 50 dep acetate 643:649 arg1 the 627:629 the 627:629 the 627:629 In the presence of acetate the strain showed a >2-fold increase in overall yields compared to using xylose alone as the feedstock. 28237496 4 50 dep acetate 643:649 arg1 presence 631:638 presence 631:638 presence 631:638 In the presence of acetate the strain showed a >2-fold increase in overall yields compared to using xylose alone as the feedstock. 28237496 5 51 from 9 h 911:913 arg1 depletion 879:887 complete depletion 870:887 complete depletion of acetate (25 mM) at 9 h 870:913 More importantly, the strain was found to be able to utilize acetate as a feedstock for biosynthesis of PHAs, with complete depletion of acetate (25 mM) at 9 h when acetate was the sole feedstock. 28237496 7 52 theme present 1106:1112 arg1 work 1114:1117 the present work 1102:1117 the present work 1102:1117 Additionally, the present work provides data to support the potential of acetate as a modulator for the control of composition of PHAs that incorporate lactate (LA) monomers into the copolymer from hemicellulose derived sugars. 28237496 5 53 theme sole 936:939 arg1 acetate 920:926 acetate 920:926 acetate 920:926 More importantly, the strain was found to be able to utilize acetate as a feedstock for biosynthesis of PHAs, with complete depletion of acetate (25 mM) at 9 h when acetate was the sole feedstock. 28237496 5 53 theme sole 936:939 arg1 feedstock 941:949 the sole feedstock 932:949 the sole feedstock 932:949 More importantly, the strain was found to be able to utilize acetate as a feedstock for biosynthesis of PHAs, with complete depletion of acetate (25 mM) at 9 h when acetate was the sole feedstock. 28237496 6 54 from reduction 1046:1054 arg1 yields 1070:1075 PHA yields 1066:1075 PHA yields at 100 mM 1066:1085 Higher concentrations of acetate showed greater inhibition of fermentation than growth with a reduction of 90% in PHA yields at 100 mM. 28237496 1 55 theme Escherichia 146:156 arg1 strains 163:169 Escherichia coli strains 146:169 Escherichia coli strains that are tolerant to acetate toxicity 146:207 Developing Escherichia coli strains that are tolerant to acetate toxicity is important in light of an increased interest in the efficient utilization of lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks for the biosynthesis of value-added products. 28237496 4 56 from increase 679:686 arg1 yields 699:704 overall yields 691:704 overall yields 691:704 In the presence of acetate the strain showed a >2-fold increase in overall yields compared to using xylose alone as the feedstock. 28899763 8 0 theme formulation 1623:1633 arg1 design 1635:1640 the relevant formulation design 1610:1640 the relevant formulation design 1610:1640 The results emphasize the importance for taking a holistic approach when developing the operational windows and the strategy for control, e.g. by integrating the appropriate material properties, the actual apparatus design, and the relevant formulation design. 28899763 2 1 theme challenging 343:353 arg1 formulations 355:366 challenging formulations 343:366 challenging formulations typically prone to segregation in batch powder processing 343:424 In this study a whole train continuous direct compression (CDC) line has been provoked using challenging formulations typically prone to segregation in batch powder processing. 28899763 4 2 theme API 620:622 arg1 amount 624:629 API amount 620:629 API amount 620:629 An experimental design, including variables such as API/mannitol particle size, API amount, powder feed rate and mixer speed, enabled the output quality of the provoked process to be assessed. 28899763 2 3 theme direct 289:294 arg1 CDC 309:311 CDC 309:311 CDC 309:311 In this study a whole train continuous direct compression (CDC) line has been provoked using challenging formulations typically prone to segregation in batch powder processing. 28899763 2 3 theme direct 289:294 arg1 compression 296:306 continuous direct compression 278:306 a whole train continuous direct compression (CDC) line 264:317 In this study a whole train continuous direct compression (CDC) line has been provoked using challenging formulations typically prone to segregation in batch powder processing. 28899763 2 4 theme train 272:276 arg1 line 314:317 a whole train continuous direct compression (CDC) line 264:317 a whole train continuous direct compression (CDC) line 264:317 In this study a whole train continuous direct compression (CDC) line has been provoked using challenging formulations typically prone to segregation in batch powder processing. 28899763 4 5 theme output 678:683 arg1 quality 685:691 the output quality 674:691 the output quality of the provoked process 674:715 An experimental design, including variables such as API/mannitol particle size, API amount, powder feed rate and mixer speed, enabled the output quality of the provoked process to be assessed. 28899763 6 6 theme typical 1153:1159 arg1 settings 1167:1174 typical batch settings 1153:1174 typical batch settings 1153:1174 Overall, the continuous direct compression line was found to be a capable and efficient manufacturing process for the challenging compositions studied and surprisingly tolerable to handle the materials susceptible to segregation in typical batch settings. 28899763 6 7 theme direct 945:950 arg1 process 1023:1029 a capable and efficient manufacturing process 985:1029 a capable and efficient manufacturing process 985:1029 Overall, the continuous direct compression line was found to be a capable and efficient manufacturing process for the challenging compositions studied and surprisingly tolerable to handle the materials susceptible to segregation in typical batch settings. 28899763 6 7 theme direct 945:950 arg1 line 964:967 the continuous direct compression line 930:967 the continuous direct compression line 930:967 Overall, the continuous direct compression line was found to be a capable and efficient manufacturing process for the challenging compositions studied and surprisingly tolerable to handle the materials susceptible to segregation in typical batch settings. 28899763 8 8 theme holistic 1432:1439 arg1 approach 1441:1448 a holistic approach 1430:1448 a holistic approach 1430:1448 The results emphasize the importance for taking a holistic approach when developing the operational windows and the strategy for control, e.g. by integrating the appropriate material properties, the actual apparatus design, and the relevant formulation design. 28899763 8 9 theme relevant 1614:1621 arg1 design 1635:1640 the relevant formulation design 1610:1640 the relevant formulation design 1610:1640 The results emphasize the importance for taking a holistic approach when developing the operational windows and the strategy for control, e.g. by integrating the appropriate material properties, the actual apparatus design, and the relevant formulation design. 28899763 1 10 theme production 225:234 arg1 efficiency 184:193 efficiency 184:193 efficiency 184:193 Continuous manufacturing of solid oral dosage forms is promising for increasing the efficiency and quality of pharmaceutical production and products. 28899763 1 10 theme production 225:234 arg1 quality 199:205 quality 199:205 quality 199:205 Continuous manufacturing of solid oral dosage forms is promising for increasing the efficiency and quality of pharmaceutical production and products. 28899763 7 11 theme tablet 1355:1360 arg1 attributes 1370:1379 the finished tablet quality attributes 1342:1379 the finished tablet quality attributes 1342:1379 As expected, and given the 'fixed' apparatus configuration used in this study, the particulate material properties were found to have the most significant impact on the finished tablet quality attributes. 28899763 5 12 theme release 900:906 arg1 performance 908:918 release performance 900:918 release performance 900:918 Contrary to previous studies, a broader range of finished tablet quality attributes were probed, including content, uniformity of content, tensile strength as well as release performance. 28899763 1 13 theme dosage 139:144 arg1 forms 146:150 solid oral dosage forms 128:150 solid oral dosage forms 128:150 Continuous manufacturing of solid oral dosage forms is promising for increasing the efficiency and quality of pharmaceutical production and products. 28899763 6 14 theme efficient 999:1007 arg1 process 1023:1029 a capable and efficient manufacturing process 985:1029 a capable and efficient manufacturing process 985:1029 Overall, the continuous direct compression line was found to be a capable and efficient manufacturing process for the challenging compositions studied and surprisingly tolerable to handle the materials susceptible to segregation in typical batch settings. 28899763 6 14 theme efficient 999:1007 arg1 line 964:967 the continuous direct compression line 930:967 the continuous direct compression line 930:967 Overall, the continuous direct compression line was found to be a capable and efficient manufacturing process for the challenging compositions studied and surprisingly tolerable to handle the materials susceptible to segregation in typical batch settings. 28899763 9 15 theme key 1722:1724 arg1 advantages 1726:1735 the key advantages 1718:1735 the key advantages 1718:1735 The CDC line's ability to handle cohesive materials also seem to be one of the key advantages, thus confirming the recent promising results from other continuous direct compression studies. 28899763 0 16 theme raw 64:66 arg1 materials 68:76 raw materials 64:76 raw materials prone to segregation 64:97 Provoking an end-to-end continuous direct compression line with raw materials prone to segregation. 28899763 5 17 theme strength 880:887 arg1 uniformity 849:858 uniformity 849:858 uniformity of content, tensile strength as well as release performance 849:918 Contrary to previous studies, a broader range of finished tablet quality attributes were probed, including content, uniformity of content, tensile strength as well as release performance. 28899763 6 18 theme capable 987:993 arg1 process 1023:1029 a capable and efficient manufacturing process 985:1029 a capable and efficient manufacturing process 985:1029 Overall, the continuous direct compression line was found to be a capable and efficient manufacturing process for the challenging compositions studied and surprisingly tolerable to handle the materials susceptible to segregation in typical batch settings. 28899763 6 18 theme capable 987:993 arg1 line 964:967 the continuous direct compression line 930:967 the continuous direct compression line 930:967 Overall, the continuous direct compression line was found to be a capable and efficient manufacturing process for the challenging compositions studied and surprisingly tolerable to handle the materials susceptible to segregation in typical batch settings. 28899763 4 19 theme provoked 700:707 arg1 process 709:715 the provoked process 696:715 the provoked process 696:715 An experimental design, including variables such as API/mannitol particle size, API amount, powder feed rate and mixer speed, enabled the output quality of the provoked process to be assessed. 28899763 0 20 theme prone 78:82 arg1 materials 68:76 raw materials 64:76 raw materials prone to segregation 64:97 Provoking an end-to-end continuous direct compression line with raw materials prone to segregation. 28899763 7 21 dep expected 1180:1187 arg1 used 1236:1239 used 1236:1239 used in this study 1236:1253 As expected, and given the 'fixed' apparatus configuration used in this study, the particulate material properties were found to have the most significant impact on the finished tablet quality attributes. 28899763 7 22 from impact 1332:1337 arg1 attributes 1370:1379 the finished tablet quality attributes 1342:1379 the finished tablet quality attributes 1342:1379 As expected, and given the 'fixed' apparatus configuration used in this study, the particulate material properties were found to have the most significant impact on the finished tablet quality attributes. 28899763 9 23 theme recent 1758:1763 arg1 results 1775:1781 the recent promising results 1754:1781 the recent promising results from other continuous direct compression studies 1754:1830 The CDC line's ability to handle cohesive materials also seem to be one of the key advantages, thus confirming the recent promising results from other continuous direct compression studies. 28899763 2 24 theme batch 402:406 arg1 processing 415:424 batch powder processing 402:424 batch powder processing 402:424 In this study a whole train continuous direct compression (CDC) line has been provoked using challenging formulations typically prone to segregation in batch powder processing. 28899763 5 25 theme previous 745:752 arg1 studies 754:760 previous studies 745:760 previous studies 745:760 Contrary to previous studies, a broader range of finished tablet quality attributes were probed, including content, uniformity of content, tensile strength as well as release performance. 28899763 7 26 theme significant 1320:1330 arg1 impact 1332:1337 the most significant impact 1311:1337 the most significant impact on the finished tablet quality attributes 1311:1379 As expected, and given the 'fixed' apparatus configuration used in this study, the particulate material properties were found to have the most significant impact on the finished tablet quality attributes. 28899763 5 27 theme attributes 806:815 arg1 range 773:777 a broader range 763:777 a broader range of finished tablet quality attributes 763:815 Contrary to previous studies, a broader range of finished tablet quality attributes were probed, including content, uniformity of content, tensile strength as well as release performance. 28899763 9 28 theme other 1788:1792 arg1 studies 1824:1830 other continuous direct compression studies 1788:1830 other continuous direct compression studies 1788:1830 The CDC line's ability to handle cohesive materials also seem to be one of the key advantages, thus confirming the recent promising results from other continuous direct compression studies. 28899763 0 29 theme end-to-end 13:22 arg1 line 54:57 an end-to-end continuous direct compression line 10:57 an end-to-end continuous direct compression line with raw materials prone to segregation 10:97 Provoking an end-to-end continuous direct compression line with raw materials prone to segregation. 28899763 1 30 theme forms 146:150 arg1 manufacturing 111:123 Continuous manufacturing 100:123 Continuous manufacturing of solid oral dosage forms 100:150 Continuous manufacturing of solid oral dosage forms is promising for increasing the efficiency and quality of pharmaceutical production and products. 28899763 9 31 theme direct 1805:1810 arg1 compression 1812:1822 continuous direct compression 1794:1822 other continuous direct compression studies 1788:1830 The CDC line's ability to handle cohesive materials also seem to be one of the key advantages, thus confirming the recent promising results from other continuous direct compression studies. 28899763 8 32 theme material 1556:1563 arg1 properties 1565:1574 the appropriate material properties 1540:1574 the appropriate material properties 1540:1574 The results emphasize the importance for taking a holistic approach when developing the operational windows and the strategy for control, e.g. by integrating the appropriate material properties, the actual apparatus design, and the relevant formulation design. 28899763 1 33 dep efficiency 184:193 arg1 the 180:182 the 180:182 the 180:182 Continuous manufacturing of solid oral dosage forms is promising for increasing the efficiency and quality of pharmaceutical production and products. 28899763 3 34 theme variable 477:484 arg1 size 486:489 variable size 477:489 variable size 477:489 Industrial compositions including components with variable size, bulk density and cohesive nature were selected. 28899763 0 35 theme direct 35:40 arg1 line 54:57 an end-to-end continuous direct compression line 10:57 an end-to-end continuous direct compression line with raw materials prone to segregation 10:97 Provoking an end-to-end continuous direct compression line with raw materials prone to segregation. 28899763 3 36 theme Industrial 427:436 arg1 components 461:470 components 461:470 components with variable size, bulk density and cohesive nature 461:523 Industrial compositions including components with variable size, bulk density and cohesive nature were selected. 28899763 3 36 theme Industrial 427:436 arg1 compositions 438:449 Industrial compositions 427:449 Industrial compositions including components with variable size, bulk density and cohesive nature 427:523 Industrial compositions including components with variable size, bulk density and cohesive nature were selected. 28899763 2 37 from segregation 387:397 arg1 processing 415:424 batch powder processing 402:424 batch powder processing 402:424 In this study a whole train continuous direct compression (CDC) line has been provoked using challenging formulations typically prone to segregation in batch powder processing. 28899763 4 38 theme experimental 543:554 arg1 design 556:561 An experimental design 540:561 An experimental design 540:561 An experimental design, including variables such as API/mannitol particle size, API amount, powder feed rate and mixer speed, enabled the output quality of the provoked process to be assessed. 28899763 3 39 theme cohesive 509:516 arg1 nature 518:523 cohesive nature 509:523 cohesive nature 509:523 Industrial compositions including components with variable size, bulk density and cohesive nature were selected. 28899763 5 40 theme tablet 791:796 arg1 attributes 806:815 finished tablet quality attributes 782:815 finished tablet quality attributes 782:815 Contrary to previous studies, a broader range of finished tablet quality attributes were probed, including content, uniformity of content, tensile strength as well as release performance. 28899763 7 41 theme material 1272:1279 arg1 properties 1281:1290 the particulate material properties 1256:1290 the particulate material properties 1256:1290 As expected, and given the 'fixed' apparatus configuration used in this study, the particulate material properties were found to have the most significant impact on the finished tablet quality attributes. 28899763 8 42 theme actual 1581:1586 arg1 design 1598:1603 the actual apparatus design 1577:1603 the actual apparatus design 1577:1603 The results emphasize the importance for taking a holistic approach when developing the operational windows and the strategy for control, e.g. by integrating the appropriate material properties, the actual apparatus design, and the relevant formulation design. 28899763 0 43 with line 54:57 arg1 materials 68:76 raw materials 64:76 raw materials prone to segregation 64:97 Provoking an end-to-end continuous direct compression line with raw materials prone to segregation. 28899763 2 44 theme prone 378:382 arg1 formulations 355:366 challenging formulations 343:366 challenging formulations typically prone to segregation in batch powder processing 343:424 In this study a whole train continuous direct compression (CDC) line has been provoked using challenging formulations typically prone to segregation in batch powder processing. 28899763 9 45 from studies 1824:1830 arg1 results 1775:1781 the recent promising results 1754:1781 the recent promising results from other continuous direct compression studies 1754:1830 The CDC line's ability to handle cohesive materials also seem to be one of the key advantages, thus confirming the recent promising results from other continuous direct compression studies. 28899763 4 46 theme powder 632:637 arg1 rate 644:647 powder feed rate 632:647 powder feed rate 632:647 An experimental design, including variables such as API/mannitol particle size, API amount, powder feed rate and mixer speed, enabled the output quality of the provoked process to be assessed. 28899763 9 47 theme CDC 1647:1649 arg1 one 1711:1713 one 1711:1713 one 1711:1713 The CDC line's ability to handle cohesive materials also seem to be one of the key advantages, thus confirming the recent promising results from other continuous direct compression studies. 28899763 9 47 theme CDC 1647:1649 arg1 advantages 1726:1735 the key advantages 1718:1735 the key advantages 1718:1735 The CDC line's ability to handle cohesive materials also seem to be one of the key advantages, thus confirming the recent promising results from other continuous direct compression studies. 28899763 9 47 theme CDC 1647:1649 arg1 ability 1658:1664 The CDC line's ability to handle cohesive materials 1643:1693 The CDC line's ability to handle cohesive materials 1643:1693 The CDC line's ability to handle cohesive materials also seem to be one of the key advantages, thus confirming the recent promising results from other continuous direct compression studies. 28899763 4 48 theme particle 605:612 arg1 size 614:617 API/mannitol particle size 592:617 API/mannitol particle size 592:617 An experimental design, including variables such as API/mannitol particle size, API amount, powder feed rate and mixer speed, enabled the output quality of the provoked process to be assessed. 28899763 2 49 theme compression 296:306 arg1 line 314:317 a whole train continuous direct compression (CDC) line 264:317 a whole train continuous direct compression (CDC) line 264:317 In this study a whole train continuous direct compression (CDC) line has been provoked using challenging formulations typically prone to segregation in batch powder processing. 28899763 2 50 theme continuous 278:287 arg1 CDC 309:311 CDC 309:311 CDC 309:311 In this study a whole train continuous direct compression (CDC) line has been provoked using challenging formulations typically prone to segregation in batch powder processing. 28899763 2 50 theme continuous 278:287 arg1 compression 296:306 continuous direct compression 278:306 a whole train continuous direct compression (CDC) line 264:317 In this study a whole train continuous direct compression (CDC) line has been provoked using challenging formulations typically prone to segregation in batch powder processing. 28899763 5 51 theme broader 765:771 arg1 range 773:777 a broader range 763:777 a broader range of finished tablet quality attributes 763:815 Contrary to previous studies, a broader range of finished tablet quality attributes were probed, including content, uniformity of content, tensile strength as well as release performance. 28899763 5 52 theme content 863:869 arg1 uniformity 849:858 uniformity 849:858 uniformity of content, tensile strength as well as release performance 849:918 Contrary to previous studies, a broader range of finished tablet quality attributes were probed, including content, uniformity of content, tensile strength as well as release performance. 28899763 9 53 theme cohesive 1676:1683 arg1 materials 1685:1693 cohesive materials 1676:1693 cohesive materials 1676:1693 The CDC line's ability to handle cohesive materials also seem to be one of the key advantages, thus confirming the recent promising results from other continuous direct compression studies. 28899763 6 54 theme batch 1161:1165 arg1 settings 1167:1174 typical batch settings 1153:1174 typical batch settings 1153:1174 Overall, the continuous direct compression line was found to be a capable and efficient manufacturing process for the challenging compositions studied and surprisingly tolerable to handle the materials susceptible to segregation in typical batch settings. 28899763 6 55 theme compression 952:962 arg1 process 1023:1029 a capable and efficient manufacturing process 985:1029 a capable and efficient manufacturing process 985:1029 Overall, the continuous direct compression line was found to be a capable and efficient manufacturing process for the challenging compositions studied and surprisingly tolerable to handle the materials susceptible to segregation in typical batch settings. 28899763 6 55 theme compression 952:962 arg1 line 964:967 the continuous direct compression line 930:967 the continuous direct compression line 930:967 Overall, the continuous direct compression line was found to be a capable and efficient manufacturing process for the challenging compositions studied and surprisingly tolerable to handle the materials susceptible to segregation in typical batch settings. 28899763 1 56 theme pharmaceutical 210:223 arg1 production 225:234 pharmaceutical production 210:234 pharmaceutical production 210:234 Continuous manufacturing of solid oral dosage forms is promising for increasing the efficiency and quality of pharmaceutical production and products. 28899763 6 57 theme continuous 934:943 arg1 process 1023:1029 a capable and efficient manufacturing process 985:1029 a capable and efficient manufacturing process 985:1029 Overall, the continuous direct compression line was found to be a capable and efficient manufacturing process for the challenging compositions studied and surprisingly tolerable to handle the materials susceptible to segregation in typical batch settings. 28899763 6 57 theme continuous 934:943 arg1 line 964:967 the continuous direct compression line 930:967 the continuous direct compression line 930:967 Overall, the continuous direct compression line was found to be a capable and efficient manufacturing process for the challenging compositions studied and surprisingly tolerable to handle the materials susceptible to segregation in typical batch settings. 28899763 4 58 theme mixer 653:657 arg1 speed 659:663 mixer speed 653:663 mixer speed 653:663 An experimental design, including variables such as API/mannitol particle size, API amount, powder feed rate and mixer speed, enabled the output quality of the provoked process to be assessed. 28899763 8 59 theme operational 1470:1480 arg1 windows 1482:1488 the operational windows 1466:1488 the operational windows 1466:1488 The results emphasize the importance for taking a holistic approach when developing the operational windows and the strategy for control, e.g. by integrating the appropriate material properties, the actual apparatus design, and the relevant formulation design. 28899763 7 60 theme quality 1362:1368 arg1 attributes 1370:1379 the finished tablet quality attributes 1342:1379 the finished tablet quality attributes 1342:1379 As expected, and given the 'fixed' apparatus configuration used in this study, the particulate material properties were found to have the most significant impact on the finished tablet quality attributes. 28899763 4 61 theme process 709:715 arg1 quality 685:691 the output quality 674:691 the output quality of the provoked process 674:715 An experimental design, including variables such as API/mannitol particle size, API amount, powder feed rate and mixer speed, enabled the output quality of the provoked process to be assessed. 28899763 3 62 with components 461:470 arg1 size 486:489 variable size 477:489 variable size 477:489 Industrial compositions including components with variable size, bulk density and cohesive nature were selected. 28899763 3 62 with components 461:470 arg1 density 497:503 bulk density 492:503 bulk density 492:503 Industrial compositions including components with variable size, bulk density and cohesive nature were selected. 28899763 3 62 with components 461:470 arg1 nature 518:523 cohesive nature 509:523 cohesive nature 509:523 Industrial compositions including components with variable size, bulk density and cohesive nature were selected. 28899763 7 63 contain have 1306:1309 arg2 impact 1332:1337 the most significant impact 1311:1337 the most significant impact on the finished tablet quality attributes 1311:1379 As expected, and given the 'fixed' apparatus configuration used in this study, the particulate material properties were found to have the most significant impact on the finished tablet quality attributes. 28899763 7 63 contain have 1306:1309 arg1 properties 1281:1290 the particulate material properties 1256:1290 the particulate material properties 1256:1290 As expected, and given the 'fixed' apparatus configuration used in this study, the particulate material properties were found to have the most significant impact on the finished tablet quality attributes. 28899763 2 64 theme whole 266:270 arg1 line 314:317 a whole train continuous direct compression (CDC) line 264:317 a whole train continuous direct compression (CDC) line 264:317 In this study a whole train continuous direct compression (CDC) line has been provoked using challenging formulations typically prone to segregation in batch powder processing. 28899763 1 65 theme oral 134:137 arg1 forms 146:150 solid oral dosage forms 128:150 solid oral dosage forms 128:150 Continuous manufacturing of solid oral dosage forms is promising for increasing the efficiency and quality of pharmaceutical production and products. 28899763 6 66 theme manufacturing 1009:1021 arg1 process 1023:1029 a capable and efficient manufacturing process 985:1029 a capable and efficient manufacturing process 985:1029 Overall, the continuous direct compression line was found to be a capable and efficient manufacturing process for the challenging compositions studied and surprisingly tolerable to handle the materials susceptible to segregation in typical batch settings. 28899763 6 66 theme manufacturing 1009:1021 arg1 line 964:967 the continuous direct compression line 930:967 the continuous direct compression line 930:967 Overall, the continuous direct compression line was found to be a capable and efficient manufacturing process for the challenging compositions studied and surprisingly tolerable to handle the materials susceptible to segregation in typical batch settings. 28899763 7 67 theme finished 1346:1353 arg1 attributes 1370:1379 the finished tablet quality attributes 1342:1379 the finished tablet quality attributes 1342:1379 As expected, and given the 'fixed' apparatus configuration used in this study, the particulate material properties were found to have the most significant impact on the finished tablet quality attributes. 28899763 7 68 theme apparatus 1212:1220 arg1 configuration 1222:1234 the 'fixed' apparatus configuration 1200:1234 the 'fixed' apparatus configuration 1200:1234 As expected, and given the 'fixed' apparatus configuration used in this study, the particulate material properties were found to have the most significant impact on the finished tablet quality attributes. 28899763 5 69 theme tensile 872:878 arg1 strength 880:887 tensile strength 872:887 tensile strength 872:887 Contrary to previous studies, a broader range of finished tablet quality attributes were probed, including content, uniformity of content, tensile strength as well as release performance. 28899763 1 70 theme solid 128:132 arg1 forms 146:150 solid oral dosage forms 128:150 solid oral dosage forms 128:150 Continuous manufacturing of solid oral dosage forms is promising for increasing the efficiency and quality of pharmaceutical production and products. 28899763 9 71 theme advantages 1726:1735 arg1 one 1711:1713 one 1711:1713 one 1711:1713 The CDC line's ability to handle cohesive materials also seem to be one of the key advantages, thus confirming the recent promising results from other continuous direct compression studies. 28899763 9 71 theme advantages 1726:1735 arg1 advantages 1726:1735 the key advantages 1718:1735 the key advantages 1718:1735 The CDC line's ability to handle cohesive materials also seem to be one of the key advantages, thus confirming the recent promising results from other continuous direct compression studies. 28899763 9 71 theme advantages 1726:1735 arg1 ability 1658:1664 The CDC line's ability to handle cohesive materials 1643:1693 The CDC line's ability to handle cohesive materials 1643:1693 The CDC line's ability to handle cohesive materials also seem to be one of the key advantages, thus confirming the recent promising results from other continuous direct compression studies. 28899763 7 72 theme fixed 1205:1209 arg1 configuration 1222:1234 the 'fixed' apparatus configuration 1200:1234 the 'fixed' apparatus configuration 1200:1234 As expected, and given the 'fixed' apparatus configuration used in this study, the particulate material properties were found to have the most significant impact on the finished tablet quality attributes. 28899763 5 73 theme performance 908:918 arg1 uniformity 849:858 uniformity 849:858 uniformity of content, tensile strength as well as release performance 849:918 Contrary to previous studies, a broader range of finished tablet quality attributes were probed, including content, uniformity of content, tensile strength as well as release performance. 28899763 9 74 theme promising 1765:1773 arg1 results 1775:1781 the recent promising results 1754:1781 the recent promising results from other continuous direct compression studies 1754:1830 The CDC line's ability to handle cohesive materials also seem to be one of the key advantages, thus confirming the recent promising results from other continuous direct compression studies. 28899763 5 75 theme quality 798:804 arg1 attributes 806:815 finished tablet quality attributes 782:815 finished tablet quality attributes 782:815 Contrary to previous studies, a broader range of finished tablet quality attributes were probed, including content, uniformity of content, tensile strength as well as release performance. 28899763 8 76 theme appropriate 1544:1554 arg1 properties 1565:1574 the appropriate material properties 1540:1574 the appropriate material properties 1540:1574 The results emphasize the importance for taking a holistic approach when developing the operational windows and the strategy for control, e.g. by integrating the appropriate material properties, the actual apparatus design, and the relevant formulation design. 28899763 0 77 theme continuous 24:33 arg1 line 54:57 an end-to-end continuous direct compression line 10:57 an end-to-end continuous direct compression line with raw materials prone to segregation 10:97 Provoking an end-to-end continuous direct compression line with raw materials prone to segregation. 28899763 1 78 theme Continuous 100:109 arg1 manufacturing 111:123 Continuous manufacturing 100:123 Continuous manufacturing of solid oral dosage forms 100:150 Continuous manufacturing of solid oral dosage forms is promising for increasing the efficiency and quality of pharmaceutical production and products. 28899763 6 79 theme challenging 1039:1049 arg1 compositions 1051:1062 the challenging compositions 1035:1062 the challenging compositions studied 1035:1070 Overall, the continuous direct compression line was found to be a capable and efficient manufacturing process for the challenging compositions studied and surprisingly tolerable to handle the materials susceptible to segregation in typical batch settings. 28899763 9 80 theme continuous 1794:1803 arg1 compression 1812:1822 continuous direct compression 1794:1822 other continuous direct compression studies 1788:1830 The CDC line's ability to handle cohesive materials also seem to be one of the key advantages, thus confirming the recent promising results from other continuous direct compression studies. 28899763 4 81 theme API/mannitol 592:603 arg1 size 614:617 API/mannitol particle size 592:617 API/mannitol particle size 592:617 An experimental design, including variables such as API/mannitol particle size, API amount, powder feed rate and mixer speed, enabled the output quality of the provoked process to be assessed. 28899763 3 82 theme bulk 492:495 arg1 density 497:503 bulk density 492:503 bulk density 492:503 Industrial compositions including components with variable size, bulk density and cohesive nature were selected. 28899763 0 83 theme compression 42:52 arg1 line 54:57 an end-to-end continuous direct compression line 10:57 an end-to-end continuous direct compression line with raw materials prone to segregation 10:97 Provoking an end-to-end continuous direct compression line with raw materials prone to segregation. 28899763 9 84 theme compression 1812:1822 arg1 studies 1824:1830 other continuous direct compression studies 1788:1830 other continuous direct compression studies 1788:1830 The CDC line's ability to handle cohesive materials also seem to be one of the key advantages, thus confirming the recent promising results from other continuous direct compression studies. 28899763 2 85 theme powder 408:413 arg1 processing 415:424 batch powder processing 402:424 batch powder processing 402:424 In this study a whole train continuous direct compression (CDC) line has been provoked using challenging formulations typically prone to segregation in batch powder processing. 28899763 5 86 theme finished 782:789 arg1 attributes 806:815 finished tablet quality attributes 782:815 finished tablet quality attributes 782:815 Contrary to previous studies, a broader range of finished tablet quality attributes were probed, including content, uniformity of content, tensile strength as well as release performance. 28899763 7 87 theme particulate 1260:1270 arg1 properties 1281:1290 the particulate material properties 1256:1290 the particulate material properties 1256:1290 As expected, and given the 'fixed' apparatus configuration used in this study, the particulate material properties were found to have the most significant impact on the finished tablet quality attributes. 28899763 8 88 theme apparatus 1588:1596 arg1 design 1598:1603 the actual apparatus design 1577:1603 the actual apparatus design 1577:1603 The results emphasize the importance for taking a holistic approach when developing the operational windows and the strategy for control, e.g. by integrating the appropriate material properties, the actual apparatus design, and the relevant formulation design. 28899763 6 89 from segregation 1138:1148 arg1 settings 1167:1174 typical batch settings 1153:1174 typical batch settings 1153:1174 Overall, the continuous direct compression line was found to be a capable and efficient manufacturing process for the challenging compositions studied and surprisingly tolerable to handle the materials susceptible to segregation in typical batch settings. 28899763 6 90 theme susceptible 1123:1133 arg1 materials 1113:1121 the materials 1109:1121 the materials susceptible to segregation in typical batch settings 1109:1174 Overall, the continuous direct compression line was found to be a capable and efficient manufacturing process for the challenging compositions studied and surprisingly tolerable to handle the materials susceptible to segregation in typical batch settings. 28899763 1 91 theme products 240:247 arg1 efficiency 184:193 efficiency 184:193 efficiency 184:193 Continuous manufacturing of solid oral dosage forms is promising for increasing the efficiency and quality of pharmaceutical production and products. 28899763 1 91 theme products 240:247 arg1 quality 199:205 quality 199:205 quality 199:205 Continuous manufacturing of solid oral dosage forms is promising for increasing the efficiency and quality of pharmaceutical production and products. 28899763 4 92 theme feed 639:642 arg1 rate 644:647 powder feed rate 632:647 powder feed rate 632:647 An experimental design, including variables such as API/mannitol particle size, API amount, powder feed rate and mixer speed, enabled the output quality of the provoked process to be assessed. 27405094 0 0 theme multilayer 91:100 arg1 films 102:106 quaternized chitosan/sodium alga acid multilayer films 53:106 quaternized chitosan/sodium alga acid multilayer films 53:106 An environmentally benign dual action antimicrobial: quaternized chitosan/sodium alga acid multilayer films and silver nanoparticles decorated on magnetic nanoparticles. 27405094 3 1 theme 25-35 nm 725:732 arg1 range 716:720 the range 712:720 the range of 25-35 nm 712:732 Then silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with stable and narrow-sized distribution in the range of 25-35 nm were immobilized on the surface of MNPs with L-ascorbic acid as reducing agent and organic multilayers as stabilizer. 27405094 9 2 theme antibacterial 1628:1640 arg1 composite 1642:1650 The magnetic antibacterial composite 1615:1650 The magnetic antibacterial composite 1615:1650 The magnetic antibacterial composite still showed excellent antibacterial efficiency during five exposure/collection/recycle procedures. 27405094 5 3 theme surface 1231:1237 arg1 functionalization 1239:1255 the surface functionalization 1227:1255 the surface functionalization 1227:1255 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, zeta potentials, and dynamic light scattering were employed to confirm the success of the surface functionalization. 27405094 0 4 theme acid 86:89 arg1 films 102:106 quaternized chitosan/sodium alga acid multilayer films 53:106 quaternized chitosan/sodium alga acid multilayer films 53:106 An environmentally benign dual action antimicrobial: quaternized chitosan/sodium alga acid multilayer films and silver nanoparticles decorated on magnetic nanoparticles. 27405094 1 5 theme microbial 363:371 arg1 population 373:382 the microbial population 359:382 the microbial population 359:382 There is an urgent need to develop a puissant and environmentally benign antibacterial composite that act via multiple mechanisms to make response to the potentially daunting complexity of the microbial population and microbial antibiotic resistance. 27405094 9 6 theme magnetic 1619:1626 arg1 composite 1642:1650 The magnetic antibacterial composite 1615:1650 The magnetic antibacterial composite 1615:1650 The magnetic antibacterial composite still showed excellent antibacterial efficiency during five exposure/collection/recycle procedures. 27405094 5 7 theme functionalization 1239:1255 arg1 success 1216:1222 the success 1212:1222 the success of the surface functionalization 1212:1255 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, zeta potentials, and dynamic light scattering were employed to confirm the success of the surface functionalization. 27405094 4 8 theme antibacterial 924:936 arg1 composite 953:961 a green dual antibacterial and recyclable composite 911:961 a green dual antibacterial and recyclable composite 911:961 Through above modification on MNPs, we expected to achieve a green dual antibacterial and recyclable composite via the combined antibacterial action of QAC and AgNPs. 27405094 1 9 theme population 373:382 arg1 complexity 345:354 the potentially daunting complexity 320:354 the potentially daunting complexity of the microbial population and microbial antibiotic resistance 320:418 There is an urgent need to develop a puissant and environmentally benign antibacterial composite that act via multiple mechanisms to make response to the potentially daunting complexity of the microbial population and microbial antibiotic resistance. 27405094 6 10 theme mass 1328:1331 arg1 spectrometry 1333:1344 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry 1301:1344 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry 1301:1344 Silver ion release process was detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. 27405094 0 11 dep nanoparticles 119:131 arg1 decorated 133:141 decorated 133:141 nanoparticles decorated on magnetic nanoparticles 119:167 An environmentally benign dual action antimicrobial: quaternized chitosan/sodium alga acid multilayer films and silver nanoparticles decorated on magnetic nanoparticles. 27405094 1 12 theme multiple 280:287 arg1 mechanisms 289:298 multiple mechanisms 280:298 multiple mechanisms 280:298 There is an urgent need to develop a puissant and environmentally benign antibacterial composite that act via multiple mechanisms to make response to the potentially daunting complexity of the microbial population and microbial antibiotic resistance. 27405094 9 13 theme excellent 1665:1673 arg1 efficiency 1689:1698 excellent antibacterial efficiency 1665:1698 excellent antibacterial efficiency 1665:1698 The magnetic antibacterial composite still showed excellent antibacterial efficiency during five exposure/collection/recycle procedures. 27405094 6 14 theme plasma 1321:1326 arg1 spectrometry 1333:1344 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry 1301:1344 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry 1301:1344 Silver ion release process was detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. 27405094 4 15 theme antibacterial 980:992 arg1 action 994:999 the combined antibacterial action 967:999 the combined antibacterial action of QAC and AgNPs 967:1016 Through above modification on MNPs, we expected to achieve a green dual antibacterial and recyclable composite via the combined antibacterial action of QAC and AgNPs. 27405094 1 16 theme microbial 388:396 arg1 resistance 409:418 microbial antibiotic resistance 388:418 microbial antibiotic resistance 388:418 There is an urgent need to develop a puissant and environmentally benign antibacterial composite that act via multiple mechanisms to make response to the potentially daunting complexity of the microbial population and microbial antibiotic resistance. 27405094 6 17 theme coupled 1313:1319 arg1 spectrometry 1333:1344 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry 1301:1344 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry 1301:1344 Silver ion release process was detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. 27405094 2 18 theme facile 437:442 arg1 technology 493:502 layer-by-layer self-assembly technology 464:502 layer-by-layer self-assembly technology 464:502 In this work, a facile and green approach, layer-by-layer self-assembly technology was applied to assemble polycation quaternized chitosan (QAC) and polyanion sodium alga acid onto magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). 27405094 2 18 theme facile 437:442 arg1 approach 454:461 a facile and green approach 435:461 a facile and green approach 435:461 In this work, a facile and green approach, layer-by-layer self-assembly technology was applied to assemble polycation quaternized chitosan (QAC) and polyanion sodium alga acid onto magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). 27405094 1 19 theme urgent 182:187 arg1 need 189:192 an urgent need 179:192 an urgent need to develop a puissant and environmentally benign antibacterial composite that act via multiple mechanisms to make response to the potentially daunting complexity of the microbial population and microbial antibiotic resistance 179:418 There is an urgent need to develop a puissant and environmentally benign antibacterial composite that act via multiple mechanisms to make response to the potentially daunting complexity of the microbial population and microbial antibiotic resistance. 27405094 4 20 theme combined 971:978 arg1 action 994:999 the combined antibacterial action 967:999 the combined antibacterial action of QAC and AgNPs 967:1016 Through above modification on MNPs, we expected to achieve a green dual antibacterial and recyclable composite via the combined antibacterial action of QAC and AgNPs. 27405094 1 21 theme antibiotic 398:407 arg1 resistance 409:418 microbial antibiotic resistance 388:418 microbial antibiotic resistance 388:418 There is an urgent need to develop a puissant and environmentally benign antibacterial composite that act via multiple mechanisms to make response to the potentially daunting complexity of the microbial population and microbial antibiotic resistance. 27405094 4 22 theme above 860:864 arg1 modification 866:877 above modification 860:877 above modification on MNPs 860:885 Through above modification on MNPs, we expected to achieve a green dual antibacterial and recyclable composite via the combined antibacterial action of QAC and AgNPs. 27405094 7 23 theme antibacterial 1364:1376 arg1 properties 1378:1387 the antibacterial properties 1360:1387 the antibacterial properties of the biomaterials against Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus 1360:1486 Furthermore, the antibacterial properties of the biomaterials against Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus were studied. 27405094 3 24 theme L-ascorbic 779:788 arg1 acid 790:793 L-ascorbic acid 779:793 L-ascorbic acid 779:793 Then silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with stable and narrow-sized distribution in the range of 25-35 nm were immobilized on the surface of MNPs with L-ascorbic acid as reducing agent and organic multilayers as stabilizer. 27405094 2 25 theme layer-by-layer 464:477 arg1 technology 493:502 layer-by-layer self-assembly technology 464:502 layer-by-layer self-assembly technology 464:502 In this work, a facile and green approach, layer-by-layer self-assembly technology was applied to assemble polycation quaternized chitosan (QAC) and polyanion sodium alga acid onto magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). 27405094 2 25 theme layer-by-layer 464:477 arg1 approach 454:461 a facile and green approach 435:461 a facile and green approach 435:461 In this work, a facile and green approach, layer-by-layer self-assembly technology was applied to assemble polycation quaternized chitosan (QAC) and polyanion sodium alga acid onto magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). 27405094 1 26 theme resistance 409:418 arg1 complexity 345:354 the potentially daunting complexity 320:354 the potentially daunting complexity of the microbial population and microbial antibiotic resistance 320:418 There is an urgent need to develop a puissant and environmentally benign antibacterial composite that act via multiple mechanisms to make response to the potentially daunting complexity of the microbial population and microbial antibiotic resistance. 27405094 2 27 theme quaternized 539:549 arg1 QAC 561:563 QAC 561:563 QAC 561:563 In this work, a facile and green approach, layer-by-layer self-assembly technology was applied to assemble polycation quaternized chitosan (QAC) and polyanion sodium alga acid onto magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). 27405094 2 27 theme quaternized 539:549 arg1 chitosan 551:558 polycation quaternized chitosan 528:558 polycation quaternized chitosan (QAC) 528:564 In this work, a facile and green approach, layer-by-layer self-assembly technology was applied to assemble polycation quaternized chitosan (QAC) and polyanion sodium alga acid onto magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). 27405094 3 28 from distribution 696:707 arg1 range 716:720 the range 712:720 the range of 25-35 nm 712:732 Then silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with stable and narrow-sized distribution in the range of 25-35 nm were immobilized on the surface of MNPs with L-ascorbic acid as reducing agent and organic multilayers as stabilizer. 27405094 5 29 theme zeta 1141:1144 arg1 potentials 1146:1155 zeta potentials 1141:1155 zeta potentials 1141:1155 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, zeta potentials, and dynamic light scattering were employed to confirm the success of the surface functionalization. 27405094 5 30 theme light 1170:1174 arg1 scattering 1176:1185 dynamic light scattering 1162:1185 dynamic light scattering 1162:1185 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, zeta potentials, and dynamic light scattering were employed to confirm the success of the surface functionalization. 27405094 3 31 theme MNPs 769:772 arg1 surface 758:764 the surface 754:764 the surface of MNPs with L-ascorbic acid 754:793 Then silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with stable and narrow-sized distribution in the range of 25-35 nm were immobilized on the surface of MNPs with L-ascorbic acid as reducing agent and organic multilayers as stabilizer. 27405094 3 32 with MNPs 769:772 arg1 acid 790:793 L-ascorbic acid 779:793 L-ascorbic acid 779:793 Then silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with stable and narrow-sized distribution in the range of 25-35 nm were immobilized on the surface of MNPs with L-ascorbic acid as reducing agent and organic multilayers as stabilizer. 27405094 9 33 theme antibacterial 1675:1687 arg1 efficiency 1689:1698 excellent antibacterial efficiency 1665:1698 excellent antibacterial efficiency 1665:1698 The magnetic antibacterial composite still showed excellent antibacterial efficiency during five exposure/collection/recycle procedures. 27405094 5 34 dep transform 1027:1035 arg1 infrared 1037:1044 infrared 1037:1044 transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, zeta potentials, and dynamic light scattering 1027:1185 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, zeta potentials, and dynamic light scattering were employed to confirm the success of the surface functionalization. 27405094 5 35 theme transmission 1107:1118 arg1 microscopy 1129:1138 transmission electron microscopy 1107:1138 transmission electron microscopy 1107:1138 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, zeta potentials, and dynamic light scattering were employed to confirm the success of the surface functionalization. 27405094 0 36 theme dual 26:29 arg1 action 31:36 An environmentally benign dual action antimicrobial 0:50 An environmentally benign dual action antimicrobial: quaternized chitosan/sodium alga acid multilayer films and silver 0:117 An environmentally benign dual action antimicrobial: quaternized chitosan/sodium alga acid multilayer films and silver nanoparticles decorated on magnetic nanoparticles. 27405094 2 37 theme alga 587:590 arg1 acid 592:595 polyanion sodium alga acid 570:595 polyanion sodium alga acid 570:595 In this work, a facile and green approach, layer-by-layer self-assembly technology was applied to assemble polycation quaternized chitosan (QAC) and polyanion sodium alga acid onto magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). 27405094 5 38 theme X-ray 1060:1064 arg1 diffraction 1066:1076 X-ray diffraction 1060:1076 X-ray diffraction 1060:1076 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, zeta potentials, and dynamic light scattering were employed to confirm the success of the surface functionalization. 27405094 5 39 dep Fourier 1019:1025 arg1 transform 1027:1035 transform 1027:1035 transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, zeta potentials, and dynamic light scattering 1027:1185 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, zeta potentials, and dynamic light scattering were employed to confirm the success of the surface functionalization. 27405094 0 40 theme benign 19:24 arg1 action 31:36 An environmentally benign dual action antimicrobial 0:50 An environmentally benign dual action antimicrobial: quaternized chitosan/sodium alga acid multilayer films and silver 0:117 An environmentally benign dual action antimicrobial: quaternized chitosan/sodium alga acid multilayer films and silver nanoparticles decorated on magnetic nanoparticles. 27405094 5 41 theme dynamic 1162:1168 arg1 scattering 1176:1185 dynamic light scattering 1162:1185 dynamic light scattering 1162:1185 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, zeta potentials, and dynamic light scattering were employed to confirm the success of the surface functionalization. 27405094 2 42 theme sodium 580:585 arg1 acid 592:595 polyanion sodium alga acid 570:595 polyanion sodium alga acid 570:595 In this work, a facile and green approach, layer-by-layer self-assembly technology was applied to assemble polycation quaternized chitosan (QAC) and polyanion sodium alga acid onto magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). 27405094 4 43 theme recyclable 942:951 arg1 composite 953:961 a green dual antibacterial and recyclable composite 911:961 a green dual antibacterial and recyclable composite 911:961 Through above modification on MNPs, we expected to achieve a green dual antibacterial and recyclable composite via the combined antibacterial action of QAC and AgNPs. 27405094 1 44 theme puissant 207:214 arg1 composite 257:265 a puissant and environmentally benign antibacterial composite 205:265 a puissant and environmentally benign antibacterial composite that act via multiple mechanisms to make response to the potentially daunting complexity of the microbial population and microbial antibiotic resistance 205:418 There is an urgent need to develop a puissant and environmentally benign antibacterial composite that act via multiple mechanisms to make response to the potentially daunting complexity of the microbial population and microbial antibiotic resistance. 27405094 0 45 theme antimicrobial 38:50 arg1 action 31:36 An environmentally benign dual action antimicrobial 0:50 An environmentally benign dual action antimicrobial: quaternized chitosan/sodium alga acid multilayer films and silver 0:117 An environmentally benign dual action antimicrobial: quaternized chitosan/sodium alga acid multilayer films and silver nanoparticles decorated on magnetic nanoparticles. 27405094 2 46 theme polyanion 570:578 arg1 acid 592:595 polyanion sodium alga acid 570:595 polyanion sodium alga acid 570:595 In this work, a facile and green approach, layer-by-layer self-assembly technology was applied to assemble polycation quaternized chitosan (QAC) and polyanion sodium alga acid onto magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). 27405094 3 47 theme stable 672:677 arg1 distribution 696:707 stable and narrow-sized distribution 672:707 stable and narrow-sized distribution in the range of 25-35 nm 672:732 Then silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with stable and narrow-sized distribution in the range of 25-35 nm were immobilized on the surface of MNPs with L-ascorbic acid as reducing agent and organic multilayers as stabilizer. 27405094 4 48 theme AgNPs 1012:1016 arg1 action 994:999 the combined antibacterial action 967:999 the combined antibacterial action of QAC and AgNPs 967:1016 Through above modification on MNPs, we expected to achieve a green dual antibacterial and recyclable composite via the combined antibacterial action of QAC and AgNPs. 27405094 4 49 theme QAC 1004:1006 arg1 action 994:999 the combined antibacterial action 967:999 the combined antibacterial action of QAC and AgNPs 967:1016 Through above modification on MNPs, we expected to achieve a green dual antibacterial and recyclable composite via the combined antibacterial action of QAC and AgNPs. 27405094 0 50 theme magnetic 146:153 arg1 nanoparticles 155:167 magnetic nanoparticles 146:167 magnetic nanoparticles 146:167 An environmentally benign dual action antimicrobial: quaternized chitosan/sodium alga acid multilayer films and silver nanoparticles decorated on magnetic nanoparticles. 27405094 5 51 theme electron 1120:1127 arg1 microscopy 1129:1138 transmission electron microscopy 1107:1138 transmission electron microscopy 1107:1138 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, zeta potentials, and dynamic light scattering were employed to confirm the success of the surface functionalization. 27405094 9 52 theme exposure/collection/recycle 1712:1738 arg1 procedures 1740:1749 five exposure/collection/recycle procedures 1707:1749 five exposure/collection/recycle procedures 1707:1749 The magnetic antibacterial composite still showed excellent antibacterial efficiency during five exposure/collection/recycle procedures. 27405094 8 53 theme efficient 1537:1545 arg1 abilities 1574:1582 rapid, efficient, and long-lasting biocidal abilities 1530:1582 rapid, efficient, and long-lasting biocidal abilities 1530:1582 The modified MNPs exhibited rapid, efficient, and long-lasting biocidal abilities against E. coli and S. aureus. 27405094 0 54 theme quaternized 53:63 arg1 films 102:106 quaternized chitosan/sodium alga acid multilayer films 53:106 quaternized chitosan/sodium alga acid multilayer films 53:106 An environmentally benign dual action antimicrobial: quaternized chitosan/sodium alga acid multilayer films and silver nanoparticles decorated on magnetic nanoparticles. 27405094 3 55 theme reducing 798:805 arg1 agent 807:811 reducing agent 798:811 reducing agent 798:811 Then silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with stable and narrow-sized distribution in the range of 25-35 nm were immobilized on the surface of MNPs with L-ascorbic acid as reducing agent and organic multilayers as stabilizer. 27405094 3 55 theme reducing 798:805 arg1 nanoparticles 645:657 Then silver nanoparticles 633:657 Then silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with stable and narrow-sized distribution in the range of 25-35 nm 633:732 Then silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with stable and narrow-sized distribution in the range of 25-35 nm were immobilized on the surface of MNPs with L-ascorbic acid as reducing agent and organic multilayers as stabilizer. 27405094 2 56 theme polycation 528:537 arg1 QAC 561:563 QAC 561:563 QAC 561:563 In this work, a facile and green approach, layer-by-layer self-assembly technology was applied to assemble polycation quaternized chitosan (QAC) and polyanion sodium alga acid onto magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). 27405094 2 56 theme polycation 528:537 arg1 chitosan 551:558 polycation quaternized chitosan 528:558 polycation quaternized chitosan (QAC) 528:564 In this work, a facile and green approach, layer-by-layer self-assembly technology was applied to assemble polycation quaternized chitosan (QAC) and polyanion sodium alga acid onto magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). 27405094 6 57 theme release 1269:1275 arg1 process 1277:1283 Silver ion release process 1258:1283 Silver ion release process 1258:1283 Silver ion release process was detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. 27405094 4 58 from modification 866:877 arg1 MNPs 882:885 MNPs 882:885 MNPs 882:885 Through above modification on MNPs, we expected to achieve a green dual antibacterial and recyclable composite via the combined antibacterial action of QAC and AgNPs. 27405094 2 59 theme self-assembly 479:491 arg1 technology 493:502 layer-by-layer self-assembly technology 464:502 layer-by-layer self-assembly technology 464:502 In this work, a facile and green approach, layer-by-layer self-assembly technology was applied to assemble polycation quaternized chitosan (QAC) and polyanion sodium alga acid onto magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). 27405094 2 59 theme self-assembly 479:491 arg1 approach 454:461 a facile and green approach 435:461 a facile and green approach 435:461 In this work, a facile and green approach, layer-by-layer self-assembly technology was applied to assemble polycation quaternized chitosan (QAC) and polyanion sodium alga acid onto magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). 27405094 1 60 theme daunting 336:343 arg1 complexity 345:354 the potentially daunting complexity 320:354 the potentially daunting complexity of the microbial population and microbial antibiotic resistance 320:418 There is an urgent need to develop a puissant and environmentally benign antibacterial composite that act via multiple mechanisms to make response to the potentially daunting complexity of the microbial population and microbial antibiotic resistance. 27405094 2 61 theme magnetic 602:609 arg1 MNPs 626:629 MNPs 626:629 MNPs 626:629 In this work, a facile and green approach, layer-by-layer self-assembly technology was applied to assemble polycation quaternized chitosan (QAC) and polyanion sodium alga acid onto magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). 27405094 2 61 theme magnetic 602:609 arg1 nanoparticles 611:623 magnetic nanoparticles 602:623 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) 602:630 In this work, a facile and green approach, layer-by-layer self-assembly technology was applied to assemble polycation quaternized chitosan (QAC) and polyanion sodium alga acid onto magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). 27405094 8 62 theme biocidal 1565:1572 arg1 abilities 1574:1582 rapid, efficient, and long-lasting biocidal abilities 1530:1582 rapid, efficient, and long-lasting biocidal abilities 1530:1582 The modified MNPs exhibited rapid, efficient, and long-lasting biocidal abilities against E. coli and S. aureus. 27405094 0 63 dep action 31:36 arg1 silver 112:117 silver 112:117 silver 112:117 An environmentally benign dual action antimicrobial: quaternized chitosan/sodium alga acid multilayer films and silver nanoparticles decorated on magnetic nanoparticles. 27405094 0 63 dep action 31:36 arg1 films 102:106 quaternized chitosan/sodium alga acid multilayer films 53:106 quaternized chitosan/sodium alga acid multilayer films 53:106 An environmentally benign dual action antimicrobial: quaternized chitosan/sodium alga acid multilayer films and silver nanoparticles decorated on magnetic nanoparticles. 27405094 6 64 theme ion 1265:1267 arg1 process 1277:1283 Silver ion release process 1258:1283 Silver ion release process 1258:1283 Silver ion release process was detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. 27405094 3 65 theme silver 638:643 arg1 AgNPs 660:664 AgNPs 660:664 AgNPs 660:664 Then silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with stable and narrow-sized distribution in the range of 25-35 nm were immobilized on the surface of MNPs with L-ascorbic acid as reducing agent and organic multilayers as stabilizer. 27405094 3 65 theme silver 638:643 arg1 multilayers 825:835 organic multilayers 817:835 organic multilayers as stabilizer 817:849 Then silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with stable and narrow-sized distribution in the range of 25-35 nm were immobilized on the surface of MNPs with L-ascorbic acid as reducing agent and organic multilayers as stabilizer. 27405094 3 65 theme silver 638:643 arg1 nanoparticles 645:657 Then silver nanoparticles 633:657 Then silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with stable and narrow-sized distribution in the range of 25-35 nm 633:732 Then silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with stable and narrow-sized distribution in the range of 25-35 nm were immobilized on the surface of MNPs with L-ascorbic acid as reducing agent and organic multilayers as stabilizer. 27405094 3 65 theme silver 638:643 arg1 agent 807:811 reducing agent 798:811 reducing agent 798:811 Then silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with stable and narrow-sized distribution in the range of 25-35 nm were immobilized on the surface of MNPs with L-ascorbic acid as reducing agent and organic multilayers as stabilizer. 27405094 4 66 theme dual 919:922 arg1 composite 953:961 a green dual antibacterial and recyclable composite 911:961 a green dual antibacterial and recyclable composite 911:961 Through above modification on MNPs, we expected to achieve a green dual antibacterial and recyclable composite via the combined antibacterial action of QAC and AgNPs. 27405094 8 67 theme long-lasting 1552:1563 arg1 abilities 1574:1582 rapid, efficient, and long-lasting biocidal abilities 1530:1582 rapid, efficient, and long-lasting biocidal abilities 1530:1582 The modified MNPs exhibited rapid, efficient, and long-lasting biocidal abilities against E. coli and S. aureus. 27405094 6 68 theme Silver 1258:1263 arg1 process 1277:1283 Silver ion release process 1258:1283 Silver ion release process 1258:1283 Silver ion release process was detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. 27405094 3 69 with nanoparticles 645:657 arg1 distribution 696:707 stable and narrow-sized distribution 672:707 stable and narrow-sized distribution in the range of 25-35 nm 672:732 Then silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with stable and narrow-sized distribution in the range of 25-35 nm were immobilized on the surface of MNPs with L-ascorbic acid as reducing agent and organic multilayers as stabilizer. 27405094 1 70 theme benign 236:241 arg1 composite 257:265 a puissant and environmentally benign antibacterial composite 205:265 a puissant and environmentally benign antibacterial composite that act via multiple mechanisms to make response to the potentially daunting complexity of the microbial population and microbial antibiotic resistance 205:418 There is an urgent need to develop a puissant and environmentally benign antibacterial composite that act via multiple mechanisms to make response to the potentially daunting complexity of the microbial population and microbial antibiotic resistance. 27405094 4 71 theme green 913:917 arg1 composite 953:961 a green dual antibacterial and recyclable composite 911:961 a green dual antibacterial and recyclable composite 911:961 Through above modification on MNPs, we expected to achieve a green dual antibacterial and recyclable composite via the combined antibacterial action of QAC and AgNPs. 27405094 5 72 theme thermogravimetric 1079:1095 arg1 analysis 1097:1104 thermogravimetric analysis 1079:1104 thermogravimetric analysis 1079:1104 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, zeta potentials, and dynamic light scattering were employed to confirm the success of the surface functionalization. 27405094 8 73 theme modified 1506:1513 arg1 MNPs 1515:1518 The modified MNPs 1502:1518 The modified MNPs 1502:1518 The modified MNPs exhibited rapid, efficient, and long-lasting biocidal abilities against E. coli and S. aureus. 27405094 1 74 theme antibacterial 243:255 arg1 composite 257:265 a puissant and environmentally benign antibacterial composite 205:265 a puissant and environmentally benign antibacterial composite that act via multiple mechanisms to make response to the potentially daunting complexity of the microbial population and microbial antibiotic resistance 205:418 There is an urgent need to develop a puissant and environmentally benign antibacterial composite that act via multiple mechanisms to make response to the potentially daunting complexity of the microbial population and microbial antibiotic resistance. 27405094 0 75 theme alga 81:84 arg1 films 102:106 quaternized chitosan/sodium alga acid multilayer films 53:106 quaternized chitosan/sodium alga acid multilayer films 53:106 An environmentally benign dual action antimicrobial: quaternized chitosan/sodium alga acid multilayer films and silver nanoparticles decorated on magnetic nanoparticles. 27405094 3 76 theme narrow-sized 683:694 arg1 distribution 696:707 stable and narrow-sized distribution 672:707 stable and narrow-sized distribution in the range of 25-35 nm 672:732 Then silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with stable and narrow-sized distribution in the range of 25-35 nm were immobilized on the surface of MNPs with L-ascorbic acid as reducing agent and organic multilayers as stabilizer. 27405094 8 77 theme rapid 1530:1534 arg1 abilities 1574:1582 rapid, efficient, and long-lasting biocidal abilities 1530:1582 rapid, efficient, and long-lasting biocidal abilities 1530:1582 The modified MNPs exhibited rapid, efficient, and long-lasting biocidal abilities against E. coli and S. aureus. 27405094 7 78 theme biomaterials 1396:1407 arg1 properties 1378:1387 the antibacterial properties 1360:1387 the antibacterial properties of the biomaterials against Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus 1360:1486 Furthermore, the antibacterial properties of the biomaterials against Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus were studied. 27405094 0 79 theme chitosan/sodium 65:79 arg1 films 102:106 quaternized chitosan/sodium alga acid multilayer films 53:106 quaternized chitosan/sodium alga acid multilayer films 53:106 An environmentally benign dual action antimicrobial: quaternized chitosan/sodium alga acid multilayer films and silver nanoparticles decorated on magnetic nanoparticles. 27405094 2 80 theme green 448:452 arg1 technology 493:502 layer-by-layer self-assembly technology 464:502 layer-by-layer self-assembly technology 464:502 In this work, a facile and green approach, layer-by-layer self-assembly technology was applied to assemble polycation quaternized chitosan (QAC) and polyanion sodium alga acid onto magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). 27405094 2 80 theme green 448:452 arg1 approach 454:461 a facile and green approach 435:461 a facile and green approach 435:461 In this work, a facile and green approach, layer-by-layer self-assembly technology was applied to assemble polycation quaternized chitosan (QAC) and polyanion sodium alga acid onto magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). 27405094 3 81 theme organic 817:823 arg1 multilayers 825:835 organic multilayers 817:835 organic multilayers as stabilizer 817:849 Then silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with stable and narrow-sized distribution in the range of 25-35 nm were immobilized on the surface of MNPs with L-ascorbic acid as reducing agent and organic multilayers as stabilizer. 27405094 3 81 theme organic 817:823 arg1 nanoparticles 645:657 Then silver nanoparticles 633:657 Then silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with stable and narrow-sized distribution in the range of 25-35 nm 633:732 Then silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with stable and narrow-sized distribution in the range of 25-35 nm were immobilized on the surface of MNPs with L-ascorbic acid as reducing agent and organic multilayers as stabilizer. 25601677 6 0 theme triple 977:982 arg1 quadrupole 984:993 a triple quadrupole 975:993 a triple quadrupole MS 975:996 A non-targeted HPLC-ESI-MS/MS profiling method using a triple quadrupole MS is presented herein, which utilizes in-source fragmentation and a pseudo-MS(3) approach for the selective analysis of flavonoid glycoconjugates with isomeric/isobaric aglycones. 25601677 0 1 theme flavonoid 32:40 arg1 glycoconjugates 42:56 flavonoid glycoconjugates 32:56 flavonoid glycoconjugates 32:56 Mass spectrometric profiling of flavonoid glycoconjugates possessing isomeric aglycones. 25601677 4 2 theme glycoconjugates 613:627 arg1 isomers 592:598 isomers 592:598 isomers of flavonoid glycoconjugates 592:627 Many different types of isomers of flavonoid glycoconjugates are known, i.e. compounds that differ in their glycosylation position, glycan sequence or type of interglycosidic linkage. 25601677 10 3 theme pelargonidin 1846:1857 arg1 glycoconjugates 1827:1841 16 different glycoconjugates 1814:1841 16 different glycoconjugates of pelargonidin, genistein, cyanidin, kaempferol and quercetin 1814:1904 The developed method was also successfully applied to a commercially available sour cherry sample, in which 16 different glycoconjugates of pelargonidin, genistein, cyanidin, kaempferol and quercetin could be tentatively identified, including a number of compounds containing isomeric/isobaric aglycones. 25601677 7 4 theme MRM-based 1188:1196 arg1 identification 1198:1211 A selective MRM-based identification 1176:1211 A selective MRM-based identification of the in-source formed isobaric aglycone fragments 1176:1263 A selective MRM-based identification of the in-source formed isobaric aglycone fragments was established. 25601677 2 5 theme compounds 307:315 arg1 thousands 267:275 several thousands 259:275 several thousands 259:275 The group of flavonoids encompasses several thousands of chemically distinguishable compounds, among which are a number of isobaric compounds with the same elemental composition. 25601677 6 6 theme profiling 952:960 arg1 method 962:967 A non-targeted HPLC-ESI-MS/MS profiling method 922:967 A non-targeted HPLC-ESI-MS/MS profiling method using a triple quadrupole MS 922:996 A non-targeted HPLC-ESI-MS/MS profiling method using a triple quadrupole MS is presented herein, which utilizes in-source fragmentation and a pseudo-MS(3) approach for the selective analysis of flavonoid glycoconjugates with isomeric/isobaric aglycones. 25601677 5 7 theme isomers 839:845 arg1 identification 796:809 the mass spectrometric identification 773:809 the mass spectrometric identification of flavonoid glycoconjugate isomers possessing the same glycan mass and differing only in their aglycone core 773:919 This work focuses on the mass spectrometric identification of flavonoid glycoconjugate isomers possessing the same glycan mass and differing only in their aglycone core. 25601677 0 8 theme Mass 0:3 arg1 profiling 19:27 Mass spectrometric profiling 0:27 Mass spectrometric profiling of flavonoid glycoconjugates 0:56 Mass spectrometric profiling of flavonoid glycoconjugates possessing isomeric aglycones. 25601677 6 9 theme non-targeted 924:935 arg1 method 962:967 A non-targeted HPLC-ESI-MS/MS profiling method 922:967 A non-targeted HPLC-ESI-MS/MS profiling method using a triple quadrupole MS 922:996 A non-targeted HPLC-ESI-MS/MS profiling method using a triple quadrupole MS is presented herein, which utilizes in-source fragmentation and a pseudo-MS(3) approach for the selective analysis of flavonoid glycoconjugates with isomeric/isobaric aglycones. 25601677 8 10 theme triple 1356:1361 arg1 instrument 1374:1383 the employed triple quadrupole instrument 1343:1383 the employed triple quadrupole instrument 1343:1383 Additionally, utilizing the precursor scanning capability of the employed triple quadrupole instrument, the developed method enabled the determination of the molecular weight of the studied intact flavonoid glycoconjugate. 25601677 9 11 theme flavonoid 1568:1576 arg1 aglycones 1578:1586 flavonoid aglycones 1568:1586 flavonoid aglycones 1568:1586 The versatility of the method was proven with various types of flavonoid aglycones, i.e. anthocyanins, flavonols, flavones, flavanones and isoflavones, along with their representative glycoconjugates. 25601677 9 12 theme various 1551:1557 arg1 types 1559:1563 various types 1551:1563 various types 1551:1563 The versatility of the method was proven with various types of flavonoid aglycones, i.e. anthocyanins, flavonols, flavones, flavanones and isoflavones, along with their representative glycoconjugates. 25601677 8 13 theme instrument 1374:1383 arg1 capability 1329:1338 the precursor scanning capability 1306:1338 the precursor scanning capability of the employed triple quadrupole instrument 1306:1383 Additionally, utilizing the precursor scanning capability of the employed triple quadrupole instrument, the developed method enabled the determination of the molecular weight of the studied intact flavonoid glycoconjugate. 25601677 10 14 theme developed 1710:1718 arg1 method 1720:1725 The developed method 1706:1725 The developed method 1706:1725 The developed method was also successfully applied to a commercially available sour cherry sample, in which 16 different glycoconjugates of pelargonidin, genistein, cyanidin, kaempferol and quercetin could be tentatively identified, including a number of compounds containing isomeric/isobaric aglycones. 25601677 10 15 theme quercetin 1896:1904 arg1 glycoconjugates 1827:1841 16 different glycoconjugates 1814:1841 16 different glycoconjugates of pelargonidin, genistein, cyanidin, kaempferol and quercetin 1814:1904 The developed method was also successfully applied to a commercially available sour cherry sample, in which 16 different glycoconjugates of pelargonidin, genistein, cyanidin, kaempferol and quercetin could be tentatively identified, including a number of compounds containing isomeric/isobaric aglycones. 25601677 8 16 theme precursor 1310:1318 arg1 capability 1329:1338 the precursor scanning capability 1306:1338 the precursor scanning capability of the employed triple quadrupole instrument 1306:1383 Additionally, utilizing the precursor scanning capability of the employed triple quadrupole instrument, the developed method enabled the determination of the molecular weight of the studied intact flavonoid glycoconjugate. 25601677 4 17 theme linkage 743:749 arg1 type 719:722 type 719:722 type 719:722 Many different types of isomers of flavonoid glycoconjugates are known, i.e. compounds that differ in their glycosylation position, glycan sequence or type of interglycosidic linkage. 25601677 4 17 theme linkage 743:749 arg1 position 690:697 glycosylation position 676:697 glycosylation position 676:697 Many different types of isomers of flavonoid glycoconjugates are known, i.e. compounds that differ in their glycosylation position, glycan sequence or type of interglycosidic linkage. 25601677 4 17 theme linkage 743:749 arg1 sequence 707:714 glycan sequence 700:714 glycan sequence 700:714 Many different types of isomers of flavonoid glycoconjugates are known, i.e. compounds that differ in their glycosylation position, glycan sequence or type of interglycosidic linkage. 25601677 4 18 theme glycosylation 676:688 arg1 position 690:697 glycosylation position 676:697 glycosylation position 676:697 Many different types of isomers of flavonoid glycoconjugates are known, i.e. compounds that differ in their glycosylation position, glycan sequence or type of interglycosidic linkage. 25601677 10 19 theme genistein 1860:1868 arg1 glycoconjugates 1827:1841 16 different glycoconjugates 1814:1841 16 different glycoconjugates of pelargonidin, genistein, cyanidin, kaempferol and quercetin 1814:1904 The developed method was also successfully applied to a commercially available sour cherry sample, in which 16 different glycoconjugates of pelargonidin, genistein, cyanidin, kaempferol and quercetin could be tentatively identified, including a number of compounds containing isomeric/isobaric aglycones. 25601677 10 20 theme compounds 1961:1969 arg1 number 1951:1956 a number 1949:1956 a number of compounds containing isomeric/isobaric aglycones 1949:2008 The developed method was also successfully applied to a commercially available sour cherry sample, in which 16 different glycoconjugates of pelargonidin, genistein, cyanidin, kaempferol and quercetin could be tentatively identified, including a number of compounds containing isomeric/isobaric aglycones. 25601677 1 21 theme plant 137:141 arg1 physiology 143:152 plant physiology 137:152 plant physiology 137:152 In fields such as food and nutrition science or plant physiology, interest in untargeted profiling of flavonoids continues to expand. 25601677 1 22 dep food 107:110 arg1 science 126:132 science 126:132 science 126:132 In fields such as food and nutrition science or plant physiology, interest in untargeted profiling of flavonoids continues to expand. 25601677 4 23 theme interglycosidic 727:741 arg1 linkage 743:749 interglycosidic linkage 727:749 interglycosidic linkage 727:749 Many different types of isomers of flavonoid glycoconjugates are known, i.e. compounds that differ in their glycosylation position, glycan sequence or type of interglycosidic linkage. 25601677 5 24 theme flavonoid 814:822 arg1 isomers 839:845 flavonoid glycoconjugate isomers 814:845 flavonoid glycoconjugate isomers possessing the same glycan mass and differing only in their aglycone core 814:919 This work focuses on the mass spectrometric identification of flavonoid glycoconjugate isomers possessing the same glycan mass and differing only in their aglycone core. 25601677 1 25 from interest 155:162 arg1 profiling 178:186 untargeted profiling 167:186 untargeted profiling of flavonoids 167:200 In fields such as food and nutrition science or plant physiology, interest in untargeted profiling of flavonoids continues to expand. 25601677 10 26 theme kaempferol 1881:1890 arg1 glycoconjugates 1827:1841 16 different glycoconjugates 1814:1841 16 different glycoconjugates of pelargonidin, genistein, cyanidin, kaempferol and quercetin 1814:1904 The developed method was also successfully applied to a commercially available sour cherry sample, in which 16 different glycoconjugates of pelargonidin, genistein, cyanidin, kaempferol and quercetin could be tentatively identified, including a number of compounds containing isomeric/isobaric aglycones. 25601677 8 27 theme studied 1464:1470 arg1 glycoconjugate 1489:1502 the studied intact flavonoid glycoconjugate 1460:1502 the studied intact flavonoid glycoconjugate 1460:1502 Additionally, utilizing the precursor scanning capability of the employed triple quadrupole instrument, the developed method enabled the determination of the molecular weight of the studied intact flavonoid glycoconjugate. 25601677 10 28 theme cherry 1790:1795 arg1 sample 1797:1802 a commercially available sour cherry sample 1760:1802 a commercially available sour cherry sample 1760:1802 The developed method was also successfully applied to a commercially available sour cherry sample, in which 16 different glycoconjugates of pelargonidin, genistein, cyanidin, kaempferol and quercetin could be tentatively identified, including a number of compounds containing isomeric/isobaric aglycones. 25601677 5 29 theme mass 777:780 arg1 identification 796:809 the mass spectrometric identification 773:809 the mass spectrometric identification of flavonoid glycoconjugate isomers possessing the same glycan mass and differing only in their aglycone core 773:919 This work focuses on the mass spectrometric identification of flavonoid glycoconjugate isomers possessing the same glycan mass and differing only in their aglycone core. 25601677 7 30 theme formed 1230:1235 arg1 fragments 1255:1263 the in-source formed isobaric aglycone fragments 1216:1263 the in-source formed isobaric aglycone fragments 1216:1263 A selective MRM-based identification of the in-source formed isobaric aglycone fragments was established. 25601677 6 31 theme glycoconjugates 1126:1140 arg1 analysis 1104:1111 the selective analysis 1090:1111 the selective analysis of flavonoid glycoconjugates with isomeric/isobaric aglycones 1090:1173 A non-targeted HPLC-ESI-MS/MS profiling method using a triple quadrupole MS is presented herein, which utilizes in-source fragmentation and a pseudo-MS(3) approach for the selective analysis of flavonoid glycoconjugates with isomeric/isobaric aglycones. 25601677 8 32 theme flavonoid 1479:1487 arg1 glycoconjugate 1489:1502 the studied intact flavonoid glycoconjugate 1460:1502 the studied intact flavonoid glycoconjugate 1460:1502 Additionally, utilizing the precursor scanning capability of the employed triple quadrupole instrument, the developed method enabled the determination of the molecular weight of the studied intact flavonoid glycoconjugate. 25601677 10 33 theme available 1775:1783 arg1 sample 1797:1802 a commercially available sour cherry sample 1760:1802 a commercially available sour cherry sample 1760:1802 The developed method was also successfully applied to a commercially available sour cherry sample, in which 16 different glycoconjugates of pelargonidin, genistein, cyanidin, kaempferol and quercetin could be tentatively identified, including a number of compounds containing isomeric/isobaric aglycones. 25601677 5 34 theme glycan 867:872 arg1 mass 874:877 the same glycan mass 858:877 the same glycan mass 858:877 This work focuses on the mass spectrometric identification of flavonoid glycoconjugate isomers possessing the same glycan mass and differing only in their aglycone core. 25601677 7 35 theme fragments 1255:1263 arg1 identification 1198:1211 A selective MRM-based identification 1176:1211 A selective MRM-based identification of the in-source formed isobaric aglycone fragments 1176:1263 A selective MRM-based identification of the in-source formed isobaric aglycone fragments was established. 25601677 6 36 theme selective 1094:1102 arg1 analysis 1104:1111 the selective analysis 1090:1111 the selective analysis of flavonoid glycoconjugates with isomeric/isobaric aglycones 1090:1173 A non-targeted HPLC-ESI-MS/MS profiling method using a triple quadrupole MS is presented herein, which utilizes in-source fragmentation and a pseudo-MS(3) approach for the selective analysis of flavonoid glycoconjugates with isomeric/isobaric aglycones. 25601677 3 37 theme spectrometric 417:429 arg1 identification 431:444 the mass spectrometric identification 408:444 the mass spectrometric identification of these compounds 408:463 Thus, the mass spectrometric identification of these compounds is challenging, especially when reference standards are not available to support their identification. 25601677 4 38 theme isomers 592:598 arg1 types 583:587 Many different types 568:587 Many different types of isomers of flavonoid glycoconjugates 568:627 Many different types of isomers of flavonoid glycoconjugates are known, i.e. compounds that differ in their glycosylation position, glycan sequence or type of interglycosidic linkage. 25601677 1 39 theme untargeted 167:176 arg1 profiling 178:186 untargeted profiling 167:186 untargeted profiling of flavonoids 167:200 In fields such as food and nutrition science or plant physiology, interest in untargeted profiling of flavonoids continues to expand. 25601677 7 40 theme isobaric 1237:1244 arg1 fragments 1255:1263 the in-source formed isobaric aglycone fragments 1216:1263 the in-source formed isobaric aglycone fragments 1216:1263 A selective MRM-based identification of the in-source formed isobaric aglycone fragments was established. 25601677 2 41 with compounds 355:363 arg1 composition 389:399 the same elemental composition 370:399 the same elemental composition 370:399 The group of flavonoids encompasses several thousands of chemically distinguishable compounds, among which are a number of isobaric compounds with the same elemental composition. 25601677 10 42 theme isomeric/isobaric 1982:1998 arg1 aglycones 2000:2008 isomeric/isobaric aglycones 1982:2008 isomeric/isobaric aglycones 1982:2008 The developed method was also successfully applied to a commercially available sour cherry sample, in which 16 different glycoconjugates of pelargonidin, genistein, cyanidin, kaempferol and quercetin could be tentatively identified, including a number of compounds containing isomeric/isobaric aglycones. 25601677 2 43 theme compounds 355:363 arg1 number 336:341 a number 334:341 a number of isobaric compounds with the same elemental composition 334:399 The group of flavonoids encompasses several thousands of chemically distinguishable compounds, among which are a number of isobaric compounds with the same elemental composition. 25601677 7 44 theme in-source 1220:1228 arg1 fragments 1255:1263 the in-source formed isobaric aglycone fragments 1216:1263 the in-source formed isobaric aglycone fragments 1216:1263 A selective MRM-based identification of the in-source formed isobaric aglycone fragments was established. 25601677 4 45 theme Many 568:571 arg1 types 583:587 Many different types 568:587 Many different types of isomers of flavonoid glycoconjugates 568:627 Many different types of isomers of flavonoid glycoconjugates are known, i.e. compounds that differ in their glycosylation position, glycan sequence or type of interglycosidic linkage. 25601677 3 46 theme reference 497:505 arg1 standards 507:515 reference standards 497:515 reference standards 497:515 Thus, the mass spectrometric identification of these compounds is challenging, especially when reference standards are not available to support their identification. 25601677 10 47 theme cyanidin 1871:1878 arg1 glycoconjugates 1827:1841 16 different glycoconjugates 1814:1841 16 different glycoconjugates of pelargonidin, genistein, cyanidin, kaempferol and quercetin 1814:1904 The developed method was also successfully applied to a commercially available sour cherry sample, in which 16 different glycoconjugates of pelargonidin, genistein, cyanidin, kaempferol and quercetin could be tentatively identified, including a number of compounds containing isomeric/isobaric aglycones. 25601677 2 48 theme elemental 379:387 arg1 composition 389:399 the same elemental composition 370:399 the same elemental composition 370:399 The group of flavonoids encompasses several thousands of chemically distinguishable compounds, among which are a number of isobaric compounds with the same elemental composition. 25601677 6 49 theme quadrupole 984:993 arg1 MS 995:996 a triple quadrupole MS 975:996 a triple quadrupole MS 975:996 A non-targeted HPLC-ESI-MS/MS profiling method using a triple quadrupole MS is presented herein, which utilizes in-source fragmentation and a pseudo-MS(3) approach for the selective analysis of flavonoid glycoconjugates with isomeric/isobaric aglycones. 25601677 9 50 theme method 1528:1533 arg1 versatility 1509:1519 The versatility 1505:1519 The versatility of the method 1505:1533 The versatility of the method was proven with various types of flavonoid aglycones, i.e. anthocyanins, flavonols, flavones, flavanones and isoflavones, along with their representative glycoconjugates. 25601677 6 51 theme isomeric/isobaric 1147:1163 arg1 aglycones 1165:1173 isomeric/isobaric aglycones 1147:1173 isomeric/isobaric aglycones 1147:1173 A non-targeted HPLC-ESI-MS/MS profiling method using a triple quadrupole MS is presented herein, which utilizes in-source fragmentation and a pseudo-MS(3) approach for the selective analysis of flavonoid glycoconjugates with isomeric/isobaric aglycones. 25601677 4 52 theme flavonoid 603:611 arg1 glycoconjugates 613:627 flavonoid glycoconjugates 603:627 flavonoid glycoconjugates 603:627 Many different types of isomers of flavonoid glycoconjugates are known, i.e. compounds that differ in their glycosylation position, glycan sequence or type of interglycosidic linkage. 25601677 7 53 theme selective 1178:1186 arg1 identification 1198:1211 A selective MRM-based identification 1176:1211 A selective MRM-based identification of the in-source formed isobaric aglycone fragments 1176:1263 A selective MRM-based identification of the in-source formed isobaric aglycone fragments was established. 25601677 8 54 theme molecular 1440:1448 arg1 weight 1450:1455 the molecular weight 1436:1455 the molecular weight of the studied intact flavonoid glycoconjugate 1436:1502 Additionally, utilizing the precursor scanning capability of the employed triple quadrupole instrument, the developed method enabled the determination of the molecular weight of the studied intact flavonoid glycoconjugate. 25601677 2 55 theme distinguishable 291:305 arg1 compounds 307:315 chemically distinguishable compounds 280:315 chemically distinguishable compounds 280:315 The group of flavonoids encompasses several thousands of chemically distinguishable compounds, among which are a number of isobaric compounds with the same elemental composition. 25601677 5 56 theme aglycone 907:914 arg1 core 916:919 their aglycone core 901:919 their aglycone core 901:919 This work focuses on the mass spectrometric identification of flavonoid glycoconjugate isomers possessing the same glycan mass and differing only in their aglycone core. 25601677 10 57 contain containing 1971:1980 arg1 compounds 1961:1969 compounds 1961:1969 compounds containing isomeric/isobaric aglycones 1961:2008 The developed method was also successfully applied to a commercially available sour cherry sample, in which 16 different glycoconjugates of pelargonidin, genistein, cyanidin, kaempferol and quercetin could be tentatively identified, including a number of compounds containing isomeric/isobaric aglycones. 25601677 10 57 contain containing 1971:1980 arg2 aglycones 2000:2008 isomeric/isobaric aglycones 1982:2008 isomeric/isobaric aglycones 1982:2008 The developed method was also successfully applied to a commercially available sour cherry sample, in which 16 different glycoconjugates of pelargonidin, genistein, cyanidin, kaempferol and quercetin could be tentatively identified, including a number of compounds containing isomeric/isobaric aglycones. 25601677 6 58 theme HPLC-ESI-MS/MS 937:950 arg1 method 962:967 A non-targeted HPLC-ESI-MS/MS profiling method 922:967 A non-targeted HPLC-ESI-MS/MS profiling method using a triple quadrupole MS 922:996 A non-targeted HPLC-ESI-MS/MS profiling method using a triple quadrupole MS is presented herein, which utilizes in-source fragmentation and a pseudo-MS(3) approach for the selective analysis of flavonoid glycoconjugates with isomeric/isobaric aglycones. 25601677 6 59 theme in-source 1034:1042 arg1 fragmentation 1044:1056 in-source fragmentation 1034:1056 in-source fragmentation 1034:1056 A non-targeted HPLC-ESI-MS/MS profiling method using a triple quadrupole MS is presented herein, which utilizes in-source fragmentation and a pseudo-MS(3) approach for the selective analysis of flavonoid glycoconjugates with isomeric/isobaric aglycones. 25601677 5 60 dep isomers 839:845 arg1 possessing 847:856 possessing 847:856 possessing the same glycan mass 847:877 This work focuses on the mass spectrometric identification of flavonoid glycoconjugate isomers possessing the same glycan mass and differing only in their aglycone core. 25601677 5 60 dep isomers 839:845 arg1 differing 883:891 differing 883:891 differing only in their aglycone core 883:919 This work focuses on the mass spectrometric identification of flavonoid glycoconjugate isomers possessing the same glycan mass and differing only in their aglycone core. 25601677 4 61 theme glycan 700:705 arg1 sequence 707:714 glycan sequence 700:714 glycan sequence 700:714 Many different types of isomers of flavonoid glycoconjugates are known, i.e. compounds that differ in their glycosylation position, glycan sequence or type of interglycosidic linkage. 25601677 9 62 theme aglycones 1578:1586 arg1 types 1559:1563 various types 1551:1563 various types 1551:1563 The versatility of the method was proven with various types of flavonoid aglycones, i.e. anthocyanins, flavonols, flavones, flavanones and isoflavones, along with their representative glycoconjugates. 25601677 8 63 theme quadrupole 1363:1372 arg1 instrument 1374:1383 the employed triple quadrupole instrument 1343:1383 the employed triple quadrupole instrument 1343:1383 Additionally, utilizing the precursor scanning capability of the employed triple quadrupole instrument, the developed method enabled the determination of the molecular weight of the studied intact flavonoid glycoconjugate. 25601677 2 64 theme flavonoids 236:245 arg1 flavonoids 236:245 flavonoids 236:245 flavonoids 236:245 The group of flavonoids encompasses several thousands of chemically distinguishable compounds, among which are a number of isobaric compounds with the same elemental composition. 25601677 2 64 theme flavonoids 236:245 arg1 group 227:231 The group 223:231 The group of flavonoids 223:245 The group of flavonoids encompasses several thousands of chemically distinguishable compounds, among which are a number of isobaric compounds with the same elemental composition. 25601677 1 65 theme flavonoids 191:200 arg1 profiling 178:186 untargeted profiling 167:186 untargeted profiling of flavonoids 167:200 In fields such as food and nutrition science or plant physiology, interest in untargeted profiling of flavonoids continues to expand. 25601677 8 66 theme scanning 1320:1327 arg1 capability 1329:1338 the precursor scanning capability 1306:1338 the precursor scanning capability of the employed triple quadrupole instrument 1306:1383 Additionally, utilizing the precursor scanning capability of the employed triple quadrupole instrument, the developed method enabled the determination of the molecular weight of the studied intact flavonoid glycoconjugate. 25601677 8 67 theme developed 1390:1398 arg1 method 1400:1405 the developed method 1386:1405 the developed method 1386:1405 Additionally, utilizing the precursor scanning capability of the employed triple quadrupole instrument, the developed method enabled the determination of the molecular weight of the studied intact flavonoid glycoconjugate. 25601677 0 68 theme glycoconjugates 42:56 arg1 profiling 19:27 Mass spectrometric profiling 0:27 Mass spectrometric profiling of flavonoid glycoconjugates 0:56 Mass spectrometric profiling of flavonoid glycoconjugates possessing isomeric aglycones. 25601677 9 69 dep along 1657:1661 arg1 with 1663:1666 with 1663:1666 with 1663:1666 The versatility of the method was proven with various types of flavonoid aglycones, i.e. anthocyanins, flavonols, flavones, flavanones and isoflavones, along with their representative glycoconjugates. 25601677 10 70 theme different 1817:1825 arg1 glycoconjugates 1827:1841 16 different glycoconjugates 1814:1841 16 different glycoconjugates of pelargonidin, genistein, cyanidin, kaempferol and quercetin 1814:1904 The developed method was also successfully applied to a commercially available sour cherry sample, in which 16 different glycoconjugates of pelargonidin, genistein, cyanidin, kaempferol and quercetin could be tentatively identified, including a number of compounds containing isomeric/isobaric aglycones. 25601677 5 71 theme spectrometric 782:794 arg1 identification 796:809 the mass spectrometric identification 773:809 the mass spectrometric identification of flavonoid glycoconjugate isomers possessing the same glycan mass and differing only in their aglycone core 773:919 This work focuses on the mass spectrometric identification of flavonoid glycoconjugate isomers possessing the same glycan mass and differing only in their aglycone core. 25601677 2 72 theme several 259:265 arg1 thousands 267:275 several thousands 259:275 several thousands 259:275 The group of flavonoids encompasses several thousands of chemically distinguishable compounds, among which are a number of isobaric compounds with the same elemental composition. 25601677 8 73 theme employed 1347:1354 arg1 instrument 1374:1383 the employed triple quadrupole instrument 1343:1383 the employed triple quadrupole instrument 1343:1383 Additionally, utilizing the precursor scanning capability of the employed triple quadrupole instrument, the developed method enabled the determination of the molecular weight of the studied intact flavonoid glycoconjugate. 25601677 6 74 theme pseudo-MS 1064:1072 arg1 approach 1077:1084 a pseudo-MS(3) approach 1062:1084 a pseudo-MS(3) approach for the selective analysis of flavonoid glycoconjugates with isomeric/isobaric aglycones 1062:1173 A non-targeted HPLC-ESI-MS/MS profiling method using a triple quadrupole MS is presented herein, which utilizes in-source fragmentation and a pseudo-MS(3) approach for the selective analysis of flavonoid glycoconjugates with isomeric/isobaric aglycones. 25601677 8 75 theme weight 1450:1455 arg1 determination 1419:1431 the determination 1415:1431 the determination of the molecular weight of the studied intact flavonoid glycoconjugate 1415:1502 Additionally, utilizing the precursor scanning capability of the employed triple quadrupole instrument, the developed method enabled the determination of the molecular weight of the studied intact flavonoid glycoconjugate. 25601677 10 76 theme sour 1785:1788 arg1 sample 1797:1802 a commercially available sour cherry sample 1760:1802 a commercially available sour cherry sample 1760:1802 The developed method was also successfully applied to a commercially available sour cherry sample, in which 16 different glycoconjugates of pelargonidin, genistein, cyanidin, kaempferol and quercetin could be tentatively identified, including a number of compounds containing isomeric/isobaric aglycones. 25601677 5 77 theme same 862:865 arg1 mass 874:877 the same glycan mass 858:877 the same glycan mass 858:877 This work focuses on the mass spectrometric identification of flavonoid glycoconjugate isomers possessing the same glycan mass and differing only in their aglycone core. 25601677 9 78 theme representative 1674:1687 arg1 glycoconjugates 1689:1703 their representative glycoconjugates 1668:1703 their representative glycoconjugates 1668:1703 The versatility of the method was proven with various types of flavonoid aglycones, i.e. anthocyanins, flavonols, flavones, flavanones and isoflavones, along with their representative glycoconjugates. 25601677 6 79 theme flavonoid 1116:1124 arg1 glycoconjugates 1126:1140 flavonoid glycoconjugates 1116:1140 flavonoid glycoconjugates with isomeric/isobaric aglycones 1116:1173 A non-targeted HPLC-ESI-MS/MS profiling method using a triple quadrupole MS is presented herein, which utilizes in-source fragmentation and a pseudo-MS(3) approach for the selective analysis of flavonoid glycoconjugates with isomeric/isobaric aglycones. 25601677 8 80 theme intact 1472:1477 arg1 glycoconjugate 1489:1502 the studied intact flavonoid glycoconjugate 1460:1502 the studied intact flavonoid glycoconjugate 1460:1502 Additionally, utilizing the precursor scanning capability of the employed triple quadrupole instrument, the developed method enabled the determination of the molecular weight of the studied intact flavonoid glycoconjugate. 25601677 7 81 theme aglycone 1246:1253 arg1 fragments 1255:1263 the in-source formed isobaric aglycone fragments 1216:1263 the in-source formed isobaric aglycone fragments 1216:1263 A selective MRM-based identification of the in-source formed isobaric aglycone fragments was established. 25601677 8 82 theme glycoconjugate 1489:1502 arg1 weight 1450:1455 the molecular weight 1436:1455 the molecular weight of the studied intact flavonoid glycoconjugate 1436:1502 Additionally, utilizing the precursor scanning capability of the employed triple quadrupole instrument, the developed method enabled the determination of the molecular weight of the studied intact flavonoid glycoconjugate. 25601677 5 83 theme glycoconjugate 824:837 arg1 isomers 839:845 flavonoid glycoconjugate isomers 814:845 flavonoid glycoconjugate isomers possessing the same glycan mass and differing only in their aglycone core 814:919 This work focuses on the mass spectrometric identification of flavonoid glycoconjugate isomers possessing the same glycan mass and differing only in their aglycone core. 25601677 3 84 theme compounds 455:463 arg1 identification 431:444 the mass spectrometric identification 408:444 the mass spectrometric identification of these compounds 408:463 Thus, the mass spectrometric identification of these compounds is challenging, especially when reference standards are not available to support their identification. 25601677 0 85 theme isomeric 69:76 arg1 aglycones 78:86 isomeric aglycones 69:86 isomeric aglycones 69:86 Mass spectrometric profiling of flavonoid glycoconjugates possessing isomeric aglycones. 25601677 6 86 with glycoconjugates 1126:1140 arg1 aglycones 1165:1173 isomeric/isobaric aglycones 1147:1173 isomeric/isobaric aglycones 1147:1173 A non-targeted HPLC-ESI-MS/MS profiling method using a triple quadrupole MS is presented herein, which utilizes in-source fragmentation and a pseudo-MS(3) approach for the selective analysis of flavonoid glycoconjugates with isomeric/isobaric aglycones. 25601677 3 87 theme mass 412:415 arg1 identification 431:444 the mass spectrometric identification 408:444 the mass spectrometric identification of these compounds 408:463 Thus, the mass spectrometric identification of these compounds is challenging, especially when reference standards are not available to support their identification. 25601677 4 88 theme different 573:581 arg1 types 583:587 Many different types 568:587 Many different types of isomers of flavonoid glycoconjugates 568:627 Many different types of isomers of flavonoid glycoconjugates are known, i.e. compounds that differ in their glycosylation position, glycan sequence or type of interglycosidic linkage. 25601677 2 89 theme isobaric 346:353 arg1 compounds 355:363 isobaric compounds 346:363 isobaric compounds with the same elemental composition 346:399 The group of flavonoids encompasses several thousands of chemically distinguishable compounds, among which are a number of isobaric compounds with the same elemental composition. 25601677 4 90 theme i.e. 640:643 arg1 compounds 645:653 i.e. compounds 640:653 i.e. compounds that differ in their glycosylation position, glycan sequence or type of interglycosidic linkage 640:749 Many different types of isomers of flavonoid glycoconjugates are known, i.e. compounds that differ in their glycosylation position, glycan sequence or type of interglycosidic linkage. 25601677 9 91 dep anthocyanins 1594:1605 arg1 i.e. 1589:1592 i.e. 1589:1592 i.e. 1589:1592 The versatility of the method was proven with various types of flavonoid aglycones, i.e. anthocyanins, flavonols, flavones, flavanones and isoflavones, along with their representative glycoconjugates. 25601677 2 92 theme same 374:377 arg1 composition 389:399 the same elemental composition 370:399 the same elemental composition 370:399 The group of flavonoids encompasses several thousands of chemically distinguishable compounds, among which are a number of isobaric compounds with the same elemental composition. 25601677 0 93 theme spectrometric 5:17 arg1 profiling 19:27 Mass spectrometric profiling 0:27 Mass spectrometric profiling of flavonoid glycoconjugates 0:56 Mass spectrometric profiling of flavonoid glycoconjugates possessing isomeric aglycones. 28336278 1 0 theme solution 316:323 arg1 casting 325:331 solution casting 316:331 solution casting (SC) followed by melt mixing (MM) 316:365 Composites of thermoplastic starch (TPS) with titanium dioxide particles (mTiO2; average size 0.1μm) with very homogeneous matrix and well-dispersed filler were prepared by a two-step method, including solution casting (SC) followed by melt mixing (MM). 28336278 1 0 theme solution 316:323 arg1 SC 334:335 SC 334:335 SC 334:335 Composites of thermoplastic starch (TPS) with titanium dioxide particles (mTiO2; average size 0.1μm) with very homogeneous matrix and well-dispersed filler were prepared by a two-step method, including solution casting (SC) followed by melt mixing (MM). 28336278 7 1 theme aspect 981:986 arg1 ratio 988:992 high aspect ratio 976:992 high aspect ratio 976:992 Further experiments revealed that the recommended addition of chitosan or the exchange of mTiO2 for anisometric titanate nanotubes with high aspect ratio did not improve the properties of the composites. 28336278 1 2 theme homogeneous 225:235 arg1 matrix 237:242 very homogeneous matrix 220:242 very homogeneous matrix 220:242 Composites of thermoplastic starch (TPS) with titanium dioxide particles (mTiO2; average size 0.1μm) with very homogeneous matrix and well-dispersed filler were prepared by a two-step method, including solution casting (SC) followed by melt mixing (MM). 28336278 4 3 theme mechanical 682:691 arg1 measurements 693:704 Dynamic mechanical measurements 674:704 Dynamic mechanical measurements 674:704 Dynamic mechanical measurements showed an increase modulus with increasing filler concentration. 28336278 3 4 theme single-step 624:634 arg1 SC 636:637 single-step SC 624:637 single-step SC suffered from mTiO2 agglomeration 624:671 The composites prepared by single-step MM contained non-plasticized starch granules and the composites prepared by single-step SC suffered from mTiO2 agglomeration. 28336278 0 5 theme mechanical 91:100 arg1 properties 102:111 mechanical properties 91:111 mechanical properties 91:111 Thermoplastic starch composites with TiO2 particles: Preparation, morphology, rheology and mechanical properties. 28336278 6 6 theme stiffness 808:816 arg1 % 793:793 % 793:793 % of mTiO2 the stiffness 793:816 % of mTiO2 the stiffness was enhanced by >40%. 28336278 6 6 theme stiffness 808:816 arg1 stiffness 808:816 mTiO2 the stiffness 798:816 mTiO2 the stiffness 798:816 % of mTiO2 the stiffness was enhanced by >40%. 28336278 7 7 theme anisometric 940:950 arg1 nanotubes 961:969 anisometric titanate nanotubes 940:969 anisometric titanate nanotubes with high aspect ratio 940:992 Further experiments revealed that the recommended addition of chitosan or the exchange of mTiO2 for anisometric titanate nanotubes with high aspect ratio did not improve the properties of the composites. 28336278 1 8 theme well-dispersed 248:261 arg1 filler 263:268 well-dispersed filler 248:268 well-dispersed filler 248:268 Composites of thermoplastic starch (TPS) with titanium dioxide particles (mTiO2; average size 0.1μm) with very homogeneous matrix and well-dispersed filler were prepared by a two-step method, including solution casting (SC) followed by melt mixing (MM). 28336278 7 9 theme titanate 952:959 arg1 nanotubes 961:969 anisometric titanate nanotubes 940:969 anisometric titanate nanotubes with high aspect ratio 940:992 Further experiments revealed that the recommended addition of chitosan or the exchange of mTiO2 for anisometric titanate nanotubes with high aspect ratio did not improve the properties of the composites. 28336278 1 10 theme titanium 160:167 arg1 dioxide 169:175 titanium dioxide 160:175 titanium dioxide particles (mTiO2; average size 0.1μm) 160:213 Composites of thermoplastic starch (TPS) with titanium dioxide particles (mTiO2; average size 0.1μm) with very homogeneous matrix and well-dispersed filler were prepared by a two-step method, including solution casting (SC) followed by melt mixing (MM). 28336278 1 11 with starch 142:147 arg1 particles 177:185 titanium dioxide particles 160:185 titanium dioxide particles (mTiO2; average size 0.1μm) 160:213 Composites of thermoplastic starch (TPS) with titanium dioxide particles (mTiO2; average size 0.1μm) with very homogeneous matrix and well-dispersed filler were prepared by a two-step method, including solution casting (SC) followed by melt mixing (MM). 28336278 7 12 theme mTiO2 930:934 arg1 exchange 918:925 the exchange 914:925 the exchange of mTiO2 for anisometric titanate nanotubes with high aspect ratio 914:992 Further experiments revealed that the recommended addition of chitosan or the exchange of mTiO2 for anisometric titanate nanotubes with high aspect ratio did not improve the properties of the composites. 28336278 7 12 theme mTiO2 930:934 arg1 addition 890:897 the recommended addition 874:897 the recommended addition of chitosan 874:909 Further experiments revealed that the recommended addition of chitosan or the exchange of mTiO2 for anisometric titanate nanotubes with high aspect ratio did not improve the properties of the composites. 28336278 1 13 theme dioxide 169:175 arg1 particles 177:185 titanium dioxide particles 160:185 titanium dioxide particles (mTiO2; average size 0.1μm) 160:213 Composites of thermoplastic starch (TPS) with titanium dioxide particles (mTiO2; average size 0.1μm) with very homogeneous matrix and well-dispersed filler were prepared by a two-step method, including solution casting (SC) followed by melt mixing (MM). 28336278 0 14 theme starch 14:19 arg1 composites 21:30 Thermoplastic starch composites 0:30 Thermoplastic starch composites with TiO2 particles: Preparation, morphology, rheology and mechanical properties. 0:112 Thermoplastic starch composites with TiO2 particles: Preparation, morphology, rheology and mechanical properties. 28336278 0 14 theme starch 14:19 arg1 rheology 78:85 rheology 78:85 rheology 78:85 Thermoplastic starch composites with TiO2 particles: Preparation, morphology, rheology and mechanical properties. 28336278 0 14 theme starch 14:19 arg1 morphology 66:75 morphology 66:75 morphology 66:75 Thermoplastic starch composites with TiO2 particles: Preparation, morphology, rheology and mechanical properties. 28336278 0 14 theme starch 14:19 arg1 Preparation 53:63 Preparation 53:63 Preparation 53:63 Thermoplastic starch composites with TiO2 particles: Preparation, morphology, rheology and mechanical properties. 28336278 1 15 with Composites 114:123 arg1 matrix 237:242 very homogeneous matrix 220:242 very homogeneous matrix 220:242 Composites of thermoplastic starch (TPS) with titanium dioxide particles (mTiO2; average size 0.1μm) with very homogeneous matrix and well-dispersed filler were prepared by a two-step method, including solution casting (SC) followed by melt mixing (MM). 28336278 1 15 with Composites 114:123 arg1 filler 263:268 well-dispersed filler 248:268 well-dispersed filler 248:268 Composites of thermoplastic starch (TPS) with titanium dioxide particles (mTiO2; average size 0.1μm) with very homogeneous matrix and well-dispersed filler were prepared by a two-step method, including solution casting (SC) followed by melt mixing (MM). 28336278 7 16 theme Further 840:846 arg1 experiments 848:858 Further experiments 840:858 Further experiments 840:858 Further experiments revealed that the recommended addition of chitosan or the exchange of mTiO2 for anisometric titanate nanotubes with high aspect ratio did not improve the properties of the composites. 28336278 0 17 theme Thermoplastic 0:12 arg1 composites 21:30 Thermoplastic starch composites 0:30 Thermoplastic starch composites with TiO2 particles: Preparation, morphology, rheology and mechanical properties. 0:112 Thermoplastic starch composites with TiO2 particles: Preparation, morphology, rheology and mechanical properties. 28336278 0 17 theme Thermoplastic 0:12 arg1 rheology 78:85 rheology 78:85 rheology 78:85 Thermoplastic starch composites with TiO2 particles: Preparation, morphology, rheology and mechanical properties. 28336278 0 17 theme Thermoplastic 0:12 arg1 morphology 66:75 morphology 66:75 morphology 66:75 Thermoplastic starch composites with TiO2 particles: Preparation, morphology, rheology and mechanical properties. 28336278 0 17 theme Thermoplastic 0:12 arg1 Preparation 53:63 Preparation 53:63 Preparation 53:63 Thermoplastic starch composites with TiO2 particles: Preparation, morphology, rheology and mechanical properties. 28336278 3 18 theme single-step 536:546 arg1 MM 548:549 single-step MM 536:549 single-step MM 536:549 The composites prepared by single-step MM contained non-plasticized starch granules and the composites prepared by single-step SC suffered from mTiO2 agglomeration. 28336278 2 19 theme electron 387:394 arg1 microscopy 396:405 Light and scanning electron microscopy 368:405 microscopy 396:405 Light and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that only the two-step procedure (SC+MM) resulted in ideally homogeneous TPS/mTiO2 systems. 28336278 3 20 theme non-plasticized 561:575 arg1 granules 584:591 non-plasticized starch granules 561:591 non-plasticized starch granules 561:591 The composites prepared by single-step MM contained non-plasticized starch granules and the composites prepared by single-step SC suffered from mTiO2 agglomeration. 28336278 2 21 theme homogeneous 478:488 arg1 systems 500:506 ideally homogeneous TPS/mTiO2 systems 470:506 ideally homogeneous TPS/mTiO2 systems 470:506 Light and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that only the two-step procedure (SC+MM) resulted in ideally homogeneous TPS/mTiO2 systems. 28336278 2 22 theme scanning 378:385 arg1 microscopy 396:405 Light and scanning electron microscopy 368:405 microscopy 396:405 Light and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that only the two-step procedure (SC+MM) resulted in ideally homogeneous TPS/mTiO2 systems. 28336278 1 23 theme melt 350:353 arg1 MM 363:364 MM 363:364 MM 363:364 Composites of thermoplastic starch (TPS) with titanium dioxide particles (mTiO2; average size 0.1μm) with very homogeneous matrix and well-dispersed filler were prepared by a two-step method, including solution casting (SC) followed by melt mixing (MM). 28336278 1 23 theme melt 350:353 arg1 mixing 355:360 melt mixing 350:360 melt mixing (MM) 350:365 Composites of thermoplastic starch (TPS) with titanium dioxide particles (mTiO2; average size 0.1μm) with very homogeneous matrix and well-dispersed filler were prepared by a two-step method, including solution casting (SC) followed by melt mixing (MM). 28336278 4 24 theme filler 749:754 arg1 concentration 756:768 filler concentration 749:768 filler concentration 749:768 Dynamic mechanical measurements showed an increase modulus with increasing filler concentration. 28336278 2 25 theme Light 368:372 arg1 microscopy 396:405 Light and scanning electron microscopy 368:405 microscopy 396:405 Light and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that only the two-step procedure (SC+MM) resulted in ideally homogeneous TPS/mTiO2 systems. 28336278 2 26 theme two-step 431:438 arg1 SC+MM 451:455 SC+MM 451:455 SC+MM 451:455 Light and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that only the two-step procedure (SC+MM) resulted in ideally homogeneous TPS/mTiO2 systems. 28336278 2 26 theme two-step 431:438 arg1 procedure 440:448 only the two-step procedure 422:448 only the two-step procedure (SC+MM) 422:456 Light and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that only the two-step procedure (SC+MM) resulted in ideally homogeneous TPS/mTiO2 systems. 28336278 1 27 dep particles 177:185 arg1 mTiO2 188:192 mTiO2 188:192 mTiO2; average size 0.1μm 188:212 Composites of thermoplastic starch (TPS) with titanium dioxide particles (mTiO2; average size 0.1μm) with very homogeneous matrix and well-dispersed filler were prepared by a two-step method, including solution casting (SC) followed by melt mixing (MM). 28336278 1 28 theme average 195:201 arg1 0.1μm 208:212 average size 0.1μm 195:212 mTiO2; average size 0.1μm 188:212 Composites of thermoplastic starch (TPS) with titanium dioxide particles (mTiO2; average size 0.1μm) with very homogeneous matrix and well-dispersed filler were prepared by a two-step method, including solution casting (SC) followed by melt mixing (MM). 28336278 0 29 theme TiO2 37:40 arg1 particles 42:50 TiO2 particles 37:50 TiO2 particles 37:50 Thermoplastic starch composites with TiO2 particles: Preparation, morphology, rheology and mechanical properties. 28336278 2 30 theme TPS/mTiO2 490:498 arg1 systems 500:506 ideally homogeneous TPS/mTiO2 systems 470:506 ideally homogeneous TPS/mTiO2 systems 470:506 Light and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that only the two-step procedure (SC+MM) resulted in ideally homogeneous TPS/mTiO2 systems. 28336278 3 31 theme starch 577:582 arg1 granules 584:591 non-plasticized starch granules 561:591 non-plasticized starch granules 561:591 The composites prepared by single-step MM contained non-plasticized starch granules and the composites prepared by single-step SC suffered from mTiO2 agglomeration. 28336278 1 32 theme size 203:206 arg1 0.1μm 208:212 average size 0.1μm 195:212 mTiO2; average size 0.1μm 188:212 Composites of thermoplastic starch (TPS) with titanium dioxide particles (mTiO2; average size 0.1μm) with very homogeneous matrix and well-dispersed filler were prepared by a two-step method, including solution casting (SC) followed by melt mixing (MM). 28336278 1 33 theme two-step 289:296 arg1 method 298:303 a two-step method 287:303 a two-step method 287:303 Composites of thermoplastic starch (TPS) with titanium dioxide particles (mTiO2; average size 0.1μm) with very homogeneous matrix and well-dispersed filler were prepared by a two-step method, including solution casting (SC) followed by melt mixing (MM). 28336278 7 34 theme composites 1032:1041 arg1 properties 1014:1023 the properties 1010:1023 the properties of the composites 1010:1041 Further experiments revealed that the recommended addition of chitosan or the exchange of mTiO2 for anisometric titanate nanotubes with high aspect ratio did not improve the properties of the composites. 28336278 0 35 with composites 21:30 arg1 particles 42:50 TiO2 particles 37:50 TiO2 particles 37:50 Thermoplastic starch composites with TiO2 particles: Preparation, morphology, rheology and mechanical properties. 28336278 7 36 with nanotubes 961:969 arg1 ratio 988:992 high aspect ratio 976:992 high aspect ratio 976:992 Further experiments revealed that the recommended addition of chitosan or the exchange of mTiO2 for anisometric titanate nanotubes with high aspect ratio did not improve the properties of the composites. 28336278 5 37 contain containing 778:787 arg2 3wt 789:791 3wt 789:791 3wt 789:791 In TPS containing 3wt. 28336278 5 37 contain containing 778:787 arg1 TPS 774:776 TPS 774:776 TPS containing 3wt 774:791 In TPS containing 3wt. 28336278 3 38 theme mTiO2 653:657 arg1 agglomeration 659:671 mTiO2 agglomeration 653:671 mTiO2 agglomeration 653:671 The composites prepared by single-step MM contained non-plasticized starch granules and the composites prepared by single-step SC suffered from mTiO2 agglomeration. 28336278 1 39 theme thermoplastic 128:140 arg1 TPS 150:152 TPS 150:152 TPS 150:152 Composites of thermoplastic starch (TPS) with titanium dioxide particles (mTiO2; average size 0.1μm) with very homogeneous matrix and well-dispersed filler were prepared by a two-step method, including solution casting (SC) followed by melt mixing (MM). 28336278 1 39 theme thermoplastic 128:140 arg1 starch 142:147 thermoplastic starch 128:147 thermoplastic starch (TPS) with titanium dioxide particles (mTiO2; average size 0.1μm) 128:213 Composites of thermoplastic starch (TPS) with titanium dioxide particles (mTiO2; average size 0.1μm) with very homogeneous matrix and well-dispersed filler were prepared by a two-step method, including solution casting (SC) followed by melt mixing (MM). 28336278 0 40 dep composites 21:30 arg1 composites 21:30 Thermoplastic starch composites 0:30 Thermoplastic starch composites with TiO2 particles: Preparation, morphology, rheology and mechanical properties. 0:112 Thermoplastic starch composites with TiO2 particles: Preparation, morphology, rheology and mechanical properties. 28336278 0 40 dep composites 21:30 arg1 rheology 78:85 rheology 78:85 rheology 78:85 Thermoplastic starch composites with TiO2 particles: Preparation, morphology, rheology and mechanical properties. 28336278 0 40 dep composites 21:30 arg1 properties 102:111 mechanical properties 91:111 mechanical properties 91:111 Thermoplastic starch composites with TiO2 particles: Preparation, morphology, rheology and mechanical properties. 28336278 0 40 dep composites 21:30 arg1 morphology 66:75 morphology 66:75 morphology 66:75 Thermoplastic starch composites with TiO2 particles: Preparation, morphology, rheology and mechanical properties. 28336278 0 40 dep composites 21:30 arg1 Preparation 53:63 Preparation 53:63 Preparation 53:63 Thermoplastic starch composites with TiO2 particles: Preparation, morphology, rheology and mechanical properties. 28336278 1 41 theme starch 142:147 arg1 Composites 114:123 Composites 114:123 Composites of thermoplastic starch (TPS) with titanium dioxide particles (mTiO2; average size 0.1μm) with very homogeneous matrix and well-dispersed filler 114:268 Composites of thermoplastic starch (TPS) with titanium dioxide particles (mTiO2; average size 0.1μm) with very homogeneous matrix and well-dispersed filler were prepared by a two-step method, including solution casting (SC) followed by melt mixing (MM). 28336278 1 41 theme starch 142:147 arg1 starch 142:147 thermoplastic starch 128:147 thermoplastic starch (TPS) with titanium dioxide particles (mTiO2; average size 0.1μm) 128:213 Composites of thermoplastic starch (TPS) with titanium dioxide particles (mTiO2; average size 0.1μm) with very homogeneous matrix and well-dispersed filler were prepared by a two-step method, including solution casting (SC) followed by melt mixing (MM). 28336278 4 42 theme modulus 725:731 arg1 increase 716:723 an increase 713:723 an increase modulus with increasing filler concentration 713:768 Dynamic mechanical measurements showed an increase modulus with increasing filler concentration. 28336278 1 43 dep mTiO2 188:192 arg1 0.1μm 208:212 average size 0.1μm 195:212 mTiO2; average size 0.1μm 188:212 Composites of thermoplastic starch (TPS) with titanium dioxide particles (mTiO2; average size 0.1μm) with very homogeneous matrix and well-dispersed filler were prepared by a two-step method, including solution casting (SC) followed by melt mixing (MM). 28336278 4 44 theme Dynamic 674:680 arg1 measurements 693:704 Dynamic mechanical measurements 674:704 Dynamic mechanical measurements 674:704 Dynamic mechanical measurements showed an increase modulus with increasing filler concentration. 28336278 7 45 theme chitosan 902:909 arg1 exchange 918:925 the exchange 914:925 the exchange of mTiO2 for anisometric titanate nanotubes with high aspect ratio 914:992 Further experiments revealed that the recommended addition of chitosan or the exchange of mTiO2 for anisometric titanate nanotubes with high aspect ratio did not improve the properties of the composites. 28336278 7 45 theme chitosan 902:909 arg1 addition 890:897 the recommended addition 874:897 the recommended addition of chitosan 874:909 Further experiments revealed that the recommended addition of chitosan or the exchange of mTiO2 for anisometric titanate nanotubes with high aspect ratio did not improve the properties of the composites. 28336278 3 46 contain contained 551:559 arg2 composites 601:610 the composites 597:610 the composites prepared by single-step SC suffered from mTiO2 agglomeration 597:671 The composites prepared by single-step MM contained non-plasticized starch granules and the composites prepared by single-step SC suffered from mTiO2 agglomeration. 28336278 3 46 contain contained 551:559 arg2 granules 584:591 non-plasticized starch granules 561:591 non-plasticized starch granules 561:591 The composites prepared by single-step MM contained non-plasticized starch granules and the composites prepared by single-step SC suffered from mTiO2 agglomeration. 28336278 3 46 contain contained 551:559 arg1 composites 513:522 The composites 509:522 The composites prepared by single-step MM 509:549 The composites prepared by single-step MM contained non-plasticized starch granules and the composites prepared by single-step SC suffered from mTiO2 agglomeration. 28336278 7 47 theme high 976:979 arg1 ratio 988:992 high aspect ratio 976:992 high aspect ratio 976:992 Further experiments revealed that the recommended addition of chitosan or the exchange of mTiO2 for anisometric titanate nanotubes with high aspect ratio did not improve the properties of the composites. 28336278 7 48 theme recommended 878:888 arg1 addition 890:897 the recommended addition 874:897 the recommended addition of chitosan 874:909 Further experiments revealed that the recommended addition of chitosan or the exchange of mTiO2 for anisometric titanate nanotubes with high aspect ratio did not improve the properties of the composites. 24680753 4 0 dep 7.3wt 659:663 arg1 to 656:657 to 656:657 to 656:657 These resistant tetrasaccharides account for from 5.3 to 7.3wt% of heparin and from 6.2 to 8.3wt% of low-molecular-weight heparin. 24680753 0 1 theme chromatography-mass 85:103 arg1 spectrometry 105:116 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 78:116 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 78:116 Analysis of 3-O-sulfo group-containing heparin tetrasaccharides in heparin by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. 24680753 6 2 theme anticoagulant 1041:1053 arg1 activity 1055:1062 heparin's anticoagulant activity 1031:1062 heparin's anticoagulant activity 1031:1062 The content of 3-O-sulfo group-containing tetrasaccharides in a heparin correlated positively (r=0.8294) to heparin's anticoagulant activity. 24680753 6 3 theme 3-O-sulfo 938:946 arg1 tetrasaccharides 965:980 3-O-sulfo group-containing tetrasaccharides 938:980 3-O-sulfo group-containing tetrasaccharides 938:980 The content of 3-O-sulfo group-containing tetrasaccharides in a heparin correlated positively (r=0.8294) to heparin's anticoagulant activity. 24680753 0 4 from Analysis 0:7 arg1 heparin 67:73 heparin 67:73 heparin 67:73 Analysis of 3-O-sulfo group-containing heparin tetrasaccharides in heparin by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. 24680753 3 5 theme disaccharide 450:461 arg1 compositions 483:494 The disaccharide and tetrasaccharide compositions 446:494 The disaccharide and tetrasaccharide compositions of seven porcine intestinal heparins and five low-molecular-weight heparins 446:570 The disaccharide and tetrasaccharide compositions of seven porcine intestinal heparins and five low-molecular-weight heparins were analyzed by this method. 24680753 0 6 from heparin 67:73 arg1 Analysis 0:7 Analysis 0:7 Analysis of 3-O-sulfo group-containing heparin tetrasaccharides in heparin by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. 0:117 Analysis of 3-O-sulfo group-containing heparin tetrasaccharides in heparin by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. 24680753 2 7 theme spectrometric 357:369 arg1 analysis 371:378 Quantitative online liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis 310:378 Quantitative online liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of these resistant tetrasaccharides 310:414 Quantitative online liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of these resistant tetrasaccharides is described in this article. 24680753 2 8 theme chromatography-mass 337:355 arg1 analysis 371:378 Quantitative online liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis 310:378 Quantitative online liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of these resistant tetrasaccharides 310:414 Quantitative online liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of these resistant tetrasaccharides is described in this article. 24680753 1 9 theme disaccharides 188:200 arg1 mixture 177:183 a mixture 175:183 a mixture of disaccharides and resistant tetrasaccharides 175:231 Complete heparin digestion with heparin lyase 2 affords a mixture of disaccharides and resistant tetrasaccharides with 3-O-sulfo group-containing glucosamine residues at their reducing ends. 24680753 0 10 from tetrasaccharides 47:62 arg1 heparin 67:73 heparin 67:73 heparin 67:73 Analysis of 3-O-sulfo group-containing heparin tetrasaccharides in heparin by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. 24680753 3 11 theme intestinal 513:522 arg1 heparins 524:531 seven porcine intestinal heparins 499:531 seven porcine intestinal heparins 499:531 The disaccharide and tetrasaccharide compositions of seven porcine intestinal heparins and five low-molecular-weight heparins were analyzed by this method. 24680753 2 12 theme liquid 330:335 arg1 analysis 371:378 Quantitative online liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis 310:378 Quantitative online liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of these resistant tetrasaccharides 310:414 Quantitative online liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of these resistant tetrasaccharides is described in this article. 24680753 3 13 theme heparins 563:570 arg1 compositions 483:494 The disaccharide and tetrasaccharide compositions 446:494 The disaccharide and tetrasaccharide compositions of seven porcine intestinal heparins and five low-molecular-weight heparins 446:570 The disaccharide and tetrasaccharide compositions of seven porcine intestinal heparins and five low-molecular-weight heparins were analyzed by this method. 24680753 5 14 theme anticoagulant 888:900 arg1 activity 902:909 the anticoagulant activity 884:909 the anticoagulant activity of heparin 884:920 Because these tetrasaccharides are derived from heparin's antithrombin III-binding sites, we examined whether this method could be applied to estimate the anticoagulant activity of heparin. 24680753 2 15 theme resistant 389:397 arg1 tetrasaccharides 399:414 these resistant tetrasaccharides 383:414 these resistant tetrasaccharides 383:414 Quantitative online liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of these resistant tetrasaccharides is described in this article. 24680753 2 16 theme tetrasaccharides 399:414 arg1 analysis 371:378 Quantitative online liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis 310:378 Quantitative online liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of these resistant tetrasaccharides 310:414 Quantitative online liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of these resistant tetrasaccharides is described in this article. 24680753 1 17 theme resistant 206:214 arg1 tetrasaccharides 216:231 resistant tetrasaccharides 206:231 resistant tetrasaccharides 206:231 Complete heparin digestion with heparin lyase 2 affords a mixture of disaccharides and resistant tetrasaccharides with 3-O-sulfo group-containing glucosamine residues at their reducing ends. 24680753 1 18 with digestion 136:144 arg1 lyase 159:163 heparin lyase 2 151:165 heparin lyase 2 151:165 Complete heparin digestion with heparin lyase 2 affords a mixture of disaccharides and resistant tetrasaccharides with 3-O-sulfo group-containing glucosamine residues at their reducing ends. 24680753 4 19 theme heparin 669:675 arg1 % 698:698 6.2 to 8.3wt% 686:698 6.2 to 8.3wt% of low-molecular-weight heparin 686:730 These resistant tetrasaccharides account for from 5.3 to 7.3wt% of heparin and from 6.2 to 8.3wt% of low-molecular-weight heparin. 24680753 4 19 theme heparin 669:675 arg1 % 664:664 5.3 to 7.3wt% 652:664 5.3 to 7.3wt% of heparin 652:675 These resistant tetrasaccharides account for from 5.3 to 7.3wt% of heparin and from 6.2 to 8.3wt% of low-molecular-weight heparin. 24680753 4 19 theme heparin 669:675 arg1 heparin 724:730 low-molecular-weight heparin 703:730 low-molecular-weight heparin 703:730 These resistant tetrasaccharides account for from 5.3 to 7.3wt% of heparin and from 6.2 to 8.3wt% of low-molecular-weight heparin. 24680753 4 19 theme heparin 669:675 arg1 heparin 669:675 heparin 669:675 heparin 669:675 These resistant tetrasaccharides account for from 5.3 to 7.3wt% of heparin and from 6.2 to 8.3wt% of low-molecular-weight heparin. 24680753 1 20 theme Complete 119:126 arg1 digestion 136:144 Complete heparin digestion 119:144 Complete heparin digestion with heparin lyase 2 119:165 Complete heparin digestion with heparin lyase 2 affords a mixture of disaccharides and resistant tetrasaccharides with 3-O-sulfo group-containing glucosamine residues at their reducing ends. 24680753 1 21 theme tetrasaccharides 216:231 arg1 mixture 177:183 a mixture 175:183 a mixture of disaccharides and resistant tetrasaccharides 175:231 Complete heparin digestion with heparin lyase 2 affords a mixture of disaccharides and resistant tetrasaccharides with 3-O-sulfo group-containing glucosamine residues at their reducing ends. 24680753 0 22 theme group-containing 22:37 arg1 tetrasaccharides 47:62 3-O-sulfo group-containing heparin tetrasaccharides 12:62 3-O-sulfo group-containing heparin tetrasaccharides in heparin 12:73 Analysis of 3-O-sulfo group-containing heparin tetrasaccharides in heparin by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. 24680753 4 23 theme resistant 608:616 arg1 tetrasaccharides 618:633 These resistant tetrasaccharides 602:633 These resistant tetrasaccharides 602:633 These resistant tetrasaccharides account for from 5.3 to 7.3wt% of heparin and from 6.2 to 8.3wt% of low-molecular-weight heparin. 24680753 1 24 theme heparin 128:134 arg1 digestion 136:144 Complete heparin digestion 119:144 Complete heparin digestion with heparin lyase 2 119:165 Complete heparin digestion with heparin lyase 2 affords a mixture of disaccharides and resistant tetrasaccharides with 3-O-sulfo group-containing glucosamine residues at their reducing ends. 24680753 0 25 theme 3-O-sulfo 12:20 arg1 tetrasaccharides 47:62 3-O-sulfo group-containing heparin tetrasaccharides 12:62 3-O-sulfo group-containing heparin tetrasaccharides in heparin 12:73 Analysis of 3-O-sulfo group-containing heparin tetrasaccharides in heparin by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. 24680753 1 26 theme 3-O-sulfo 238:246 arg1 residues 277:284 3-O-sulfo group-containing glucosamine residues 238:284 3-O-sulfo group-containing glucosamine residues at their reducing ends 238:307 Complete heparin digestion with heparin lyase 2 affords a mixture of disaccharides and resistant tetrasaccharides with 3-O-sulfo group-containing glucosamine residues at their reducing ends. 24680753 0 27 theme tetrasaccharides 47:62 arg1 Analysis 0:7 Analysis 0:7 Analysis of 3-O-sulfo group-containing heparin tetrasaccharides in heparin by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. 0:117 Analysis of 3-O-sulfo group-containing heparin tetrasaccharides in heparin by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. 24680753 1 28 from ends 304:307 arg1 residues 277:284 3-O-sulfo group-containing glucosamine residues 238:284 3-O-sulfo group-containing glucosamine residues at their reducing ends 238:307 Complete heparin digestion with heparin lyase 2 affords a mixture of disaccharides and resistant tetrasaccharides with 3-O-sulfo group-containing glucosamine residues at their reducing ends. 24680753 4 29 dep 8.3wt 693:697 arg1 to 690:691 to 690:691 to 690:691 These resistant tetrasaccharides account for from 5.3 to 7.3wt% of heparin and from 6.2 to 8.3wt% of low-molecular-weight heparin. 24680753 1 30 theme group-containing 248:263 arg1 residues 277:284 3-O-sulfo group-containing glucosamine residues 238:284 3-O-sulfo group-containing glucosamine residues at their reducing ends 238:307 Complete heparin digestion with heparin lyase 2 affords a mixture of disaccharides and resistant tetrasaccharides with 3-O-sulfo group-containing glucosamine residues at their reducing ends. 24680753 0 31 theme heparin 39:45 arg1 tetrasaccharides 47:62 3-O-sulfo group-containing heparin tetrasaccharides 12:62 3-O-sulfo group-containing heparin tetrasaccharides in heparin 12:73 Analysis of 3-O-sulfo group-containing heparin tetrasaccharides in heparin by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. 24680753 3 32 theme heparins 524:531 arg1 compositions 483:494 The disaccharide and tetrasaccharide compositions 446:494 The disaccharide and tetrasaccharide compositions of seven porcine intestinal heparins and five low-molecular-weight heparins 446:570 The disaccharide and tetrasaccharide compositions of seven porcine intestinal heparins and five low-molecular-weight heparins were analyzed by this method. 24680753 1 33 theme glucosamine 265:275 arg1 residues 277:284 3-O-sulfo group-containing glucosamine residues 238:284 3-O-sulfo group-containing glucosamine residues at their reducing ends 238:307 Complete heparin digestion with heparin lyase 2 affords a mixture of disaccharides and resistant tetrasaccharides with 3-O-sulfo group-containing glucosamine residues at their reducing ends. 24680753 5 34 theme heparin 914:920 arg1 activity 902:909 the anticoagulant activity 884:909 the anticoagulant activity of heparin 884:920 Because these tetrasaccharides are derived from heparin's antithrombin III-binding sites, we examined whether this method could be applied to estimate the anticoagulant activity of heparin. 24680753 5 35 theme antithrombin 791:802 arg1 sites 816:820 heparin's antithrombin III-binding sites 781:820 heparin's antithrombin III-binding sites 781:820 Because these tetrasaccharides are derived from heparin's antithrombin III-binding sites, we examined whether this method could be applied to estimate the anticoagulant activity of heparin. 24680753 3 36 theme low-molecular-weight 542:561 arg1 heparins 563:570 five low-molecular-weight heparins 537:570 five low-molecular-weight heparins 537:570 The disaccharide and tetrasaccharide compositions of seven porcine intestinal heparins and five low-molecular-weight heparins were analyzed by this method. 24680753 4 37 theme heparin 724:730 arg1 % 698:698 6.2 to 8.3wt% 686:698 6.2 to 8.3wt% of low-molecular-weight heparin 686:730 These resistant tetrasaccharides account for from 5.3 to 7.3wt% of heparin and from 6.2 to 8.3wt% of low-molecular-weight heparin. 24680753 4 37 theme heparin 724:730 arg1 % 664:664 5.3 to 7.3wt% 652:664 5.3 to 7.3wt% of heparin 652:675 These resistant tetrasaccharides account for from 5.3 to 7.3wt% of heparin and from 6.2 to 8.3wt% of low-molecular-weight heparin. 24680753 4 37 theme heparin 724:730 arg1 heparin 724:730 low-molecular-weight heparin 703:730 low-molecular-weight heparin 703:730 These resistant tetrasaccharides account for from 5.3 to 7.3wt% of heparin and from 6.2 to 8.3wt% of low-molecular-weight heparin. 24680753 4 37 theme heparin 724:730 arg1 heparin 669:675 heparin 669:675 heparin 669:675 These resistant tetrasaccharides account for from 5.3 to 7.3wt% of heparin and from 6.2 to 8.3wt% of low-molecular-weight heparin. 24680753 3 38 theme porcine 505:511 arg1 heparins 524:531 seven porcine intestinal heparins 499:531 seven porcine intestinal heparins 499:531 The disaccharide and tetrasaccharide compositions of seven porcine intestinal heparins and five low-molecular-weight heparins were analyzed by this method. 24680753 4 39 dep account 635:641 arg1 % 664:664 5.3 to 7.3wt% 652:664 5.3 to 7.3wt% of heparin 652:675 These resistant tetrasaccharides account for from 5.3 to 7.3wt% of heparin and from 6.2 to 8.3wt% of low-molecular-weight heparin. 24680753 4 39 dep account 635:641 arg1 % 698:698 6.2 to 8.3wt% 686:698 6.2 to 8.3wt% of low-molecular-weight heparin 686:730 These resistant tetrasaccharides account for from 5.3 to 7.3wt% of heparin and from 6.2 to 8.3wt% of low-molecular-weight heparin. 24680753 4 39 dep account 635:641 arg1 heparin 724:730 low-molecular-weight heparin 703:730 low-molecular-weight heparin 703:730 These resistant tetrasaccharides account for from 5.3 to 7.3wt% of heparin and from 6.2 to 8.3wt% of low-molecular-weight heparin. 24680753 4 39 dep account 635:641 arg1 heparin 669:675 heparin 669:675 heparin 669:675 These resistant tetrasaccharides account for from 5.3 to 7.3wt% of heparin and from 6.2 to 8.3wt% of low-molecular-weight heparin. 24680753 5 40 theme III-binding 804:814 arg1 sites 816:820 heparin's antithrombin III-binding sites 781:820 heparin's antithrombin III-binding sites 781:820 Because these tetrasaccharides are derived from heparin's antithrombin III-binding sites, we examined whether this method could be applied to estimate the anticoagulant activity of heparin. 24680753 6 41 from content 927:933 arg1 heparin 987:993 a heparin 985:993 a heparin 985:993 The content of 3-O-sulfo group-containing tetrasaccharides in a heparin correlated positively (r=0.8294) to heparin's anticoagulant activity. 24680753 1 42 theme heparin 151:157 arg1 lyase 159:163 heparin lyase 2 151:165 heparin lyase 2 151:165 Complete heparin digestion with heparin lyase 2 affords a mixture of disaccharides and resistant tetrasaccharides with 3-O-sulfo group-containing glucosamine residues at their reducing ends. 24680753 6 43 dep positively 1006:1015 arg1 r=0.8294 1018:1025 r=0.8294 1018:1025 r=0.8294 1018:1025 The content of 3-O-sulfo group-containing tetrasaccharides in a heparin correlated positively (r=0.8294) to heparin's anticoagulant activity. 24680753 2 44 theme online 323:328 arg1 analysis 371:378 Quantitative online liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis 310:378 Quantitative online liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of these resistant tetrasaccharides 310:414 Quantitative online liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of these resistant tetrasaccharides is described in this article. 24680753 4 45 theme low-molecular-weight 703:722 arg1 heparin 724:730 low-molecular-weight heparin 703:730 low-molecular-weight heparin 703:730 These resistant tetrasaccharides account for from 5.3 to 7.3wt% of heparin and from 6.2 to 8.3wt% of low-molecular-weight heparin. 24680753 6 46 theme tetrasaccharides 965:980 arg1 content 927:933 The content 923:933 The content of 3-O-sulfo group-containing tetrasaccharides in a heparin 923:993 The content of 3-O-sulfo group-containing tetrasaccharides in a heparin correlated positively (r=0.8294) to heparin's anticoagulant activity. 24680753 2 47 theme Quantitative 310:321 arg1 analysis 371:378 Quantitative online liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis 310:378 Quantitative online liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of these resistant tetrasaccharides 310:414 Quantitative online liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of these resistant tetrasaccharides is described in this article. 24680753 0 48 theme liquid 78:83 arg1 spectrometry 105:116 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 78:116 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 78:116 Analysis of 3-O-sulfo group-containing heparin tetrasaccharides in heparin by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. 24680753 6 49 theme group-containing 948:963 arg1 tetrasaccharides 965:980 3-O-sulfo group-containing tetrasaccharides 938:980 3-O-sulfo group-containing tetrasaccharides 938:980 The content of 3-O-sulfo group-containing tetrasaccharides in a heparin correlated positively (r=0.8294) to heparin's anticoagulant activity. 24680753 3 50 theme tetrasaccharide 467:481 arg1 compositions 483:494 The disaccharide and tetrasaccharide compositions 446:494 The disaccharide and tetrasaccharide compositions of seven porcine intestinal heparins and five low-molecular-weight heparins 446:570 The disaccharide and tetrasaccharide compositions of seven porcine intestinal heparins and five low-molecular-weight heparins were analyzed by this method. 24680753 1 51 theme reducing 295:302 arg1 ends 304:307 their reducing ends 289:307 their reducing ends 289:307 Complete heparin digestion with heparin lyase 2 affords a mixture of disaccharides and resistant tetrasaccharides with 3-O-sulfo group-containing glucosamine residues at their reducing ends. 24271184 0 0 theme exopolysaccharide 75:91 arg1 production 93:102 increased exopolysaccharide production 65:102 increased exopolysaccharide production 65:102 Response of Xylella fastidiosa to zinc: decreased culturability, increased exopolysaccharide production, and formation of resilient biofilms under flow conditions. 24271184 1 1 theme insect 349:354 arg1 vectors 356:362 insect vectors 349:362 insect vectors 349:362 The bacterial plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa produces biofilm that accumulates in the host xylem vessels, affecting disease development in various crops and bacterial acquisition by insect vectors. 24271184 5 2 theme liquid 893:898 arg1 flow 900:903 liquid flow 893:903 liquid flow 893:903 However, in microfluidic chambers under liquid flow and with constant bacterial supplementation (closer to conditions inside the host), a dramatic increase in biofilm aggregates was seen in the Zn-amended medium. 24271184 1 3 theme xylem 258:262 arg1 vessels 264:270 the host xylem vessels 249:270 the host xylem vessels 249:270 The bacterial plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa produces biofilm that accumulates in the host xylem vessels, affecting disease development in various crops and bacterial acquisition by insect vectors. 24271184 0 4 theme increased 65:73 arg1 production 93:102 increased exopolysaccharide production 65:102 increased exopolysaccharide production 65:102 Response of Xylella fastidiosa to zinc: decreased culturability, increased exopolysaccharide production, and formation of resilient biofilms under flow conditions. 24271184 10 5 with factor 1597:1602 arg1 effects 1621:1627 pleiotropic effects 1609:1627 pleiotropic effects on X. fastidiosa 1609:1644 Together, these findings suggest that Zn can act as a stress factor with pleiotropic effects on X. fastidiosa and indicate that, although Zn could be used as a bactericide treatment, it could trigger the undesired effect of stronger biofilm formation upon reinoculation events. 24271184 1 6 from acquisition 334:344 arg1 crops 314:318 various crops 306:318 various crops 306:318 The bacterial plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa produces biofilm that accumulates in the host xylem vessels, affecting disease development in various crops and bacterial acquisition by insect vectors. 24271184 2 7 theme special 495:501 arg1 interest 503:510 special interest 495:510 special interest 495:510 Biofilms are sensitive to the chemical composition of the environment, and mineral elements being transported in the xylem are of special interest for this pathosystem. 24271184 8 8 theme greater 1317:1323 arg1 adhesion 1325:1332 greater adhesion 1317:1332 greater adhesion to surfaces 1317:1344 Zn did not cause greater adhesion to surfaces by individual cells. 24271184 9 9 theme nonculturable 1463:1475 arg1 state 1477:1481 the viable but nonculturable state 1448:1481 the viable but nonculturable state 1448:1481 Additionally, viability analyses suggest that X. fastidiosa may be able to enter the viable but nonculturable state in vitro, and Zn can hasten the onset of this state. 24271184 10 10 theme bactericide 1696:1706 arg1 Zn 1674:1675 Zn 1674:1675 Zn 1674:1675 Together, these findings suggest that Zn can act as a stress factor with pleiotropic effects on X. fastidiosa and indicate that, although Zn could be used as a bactericide treatment, it could trigger the undesired effect of stronger biofilm formation upon reinoculation events. 24271184 10 10 theme bactericide 1696:1706 arg1 treatment 1708:1716 a bactericide treatment 1694:1716 a bactericide treatment 1694:1716 Together, these findings suggest that Zn can act as a stress factor with pleiotropic effects on X. fastidiosa and indicate that, although Zn could be used as a bactericide treatment, it could trigger the undesired effect of stronger biofilm formation upon reinoculation events. 24271184 3 11 from effects 653:659 arg1 growth 670:675 growth 670:675 growth 670:675 Here, X. fastidiosa liquid cultures were supplemented with zinc and compared with nonamended cultures to determine the effects of Zn on growth, biofilm, and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production under batch and flow culture conditions. 24271184 3 11 from effects 653:659 arg1 production 715:724 exopolysaccharide (EPS) production 691:724 exopolysaccharide (EPS) production 691:724 Here, X. fastidiosa liquid cultures were supplemented with zinc and compared with nonamended cultures to determine the effects of Zn on growth, biofilm, and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production under batch and flow culture conditions. 24271184 3 11 from effects 653:659 arg1 biofilm 678:684 biofilm 678:684 biofilm 678:684 Here, X. fastidiosa liquid cultures were supplemented with zinc and compared with nonamended cultures to determine the effects of Zn on growth, biofilm, and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production under batch and flow culture conditions. 24271184 6 12 theme medium 1164:1169 arg1 flow 1171:1174 medium flow 1164:1174 medium flow 1164:1174 Biofilms formed under these conditions were strongly attached to surfaces and were not removed by medium flow. 24271184 3 13 theme liquid 554:559 arg1 cultures 561:568 X. fastidiosa liquid cultures 540:568 X. fastidiosa liquid cultures 540:568 Here, X. fastidiosa liquid cultures were supplemented with zinc and compared with nonamended cultures to determine the effects of Zn on growth, biofilm, and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production under batch and flow culture conditions. 24271184 8 14 theme individual 1349:1358 arg1 cells 1360:1364 individual cells 1349:1364 individual cells 1349:1364 Zn did not cause greater adhesion to surfaces by individual cells. 24271184 1 15 theme bacterial 168:176 arg1 pathogen 184:191 The bacterial plant pathogen 164:191 The bacterial plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa 164:210 The bacterial plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa produces biofilm that accumulates in the host xylem vessels, affecting disease development in various crops and bacterial acquisition by insect vectors. 24271184 3 16 theme X. 540:541 arg1 cultures 561:568 X. fastidiosa liquid cultures 540:568 X. fastidiosa liquid cultures 540:568 Here, X. fastidiosa liquid cultures were supplemented with zinc and compared with nonamended cultures to determine the effects of Zn on growth, biofilm, and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production under batch and flow culture conditions. 24271184 1 17 theme plant 178:182 arg1 pathogen 184:191 The bacterial plant pathogen 164:191 The bacterial plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa 164:210 The bacterial plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa produces biofilm that accumulates in the host xylem vessels, affecting disease development in various crops and bacterial acquisition by insect vectors. 24271184 10 18 from effects 1621:1627 arg1 X. 1632:1633 X. 1632:1633 X. 1632:1633 Together, these findings suggest that Zn can act as a stress factor with pleiotropic effects on X. fastidiosa and indicate that, although Zn could be used as a bactericide treatment, it could trigger the undesired effect of stronger biofilm formation upon reinoculation events. 24271184 3 19 theme flow 742:745 arg1 conditions 755:764 batch and flow culture conditions 732:764 conditions 755:764 Here, X. fastidiosa liquid cultures were supplemented with zinc and compared with nonamended cultures to determine the effects of Zn on growth, biofilm, and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production under batch and flow culture conditions. 24271184 2 20 theme chemical 395:402 arg1 composition 404:414 the chemical composition 391:414 the chemical composition of the environment 391:433 Biofilms are sensitive to the chemical composition of the environment, and mineral elements being transported in the xylem are of special interest for this pathosystem. 24271184 1 21 theme disease 283:289 arg1 development 291:301 disease development 283:301 disease development in various crops 283:318 The bacterial plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa produces biofilm that accumulates in the host xylem vessels, affecting disease development in various crops and bacterial acquisition by insect vectors. 24271184 1 22 from development 291:301 arg1 crops 314:318 various crops 306:318 various crops 306:318 The bacterial plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa produces biofilm that accumulates in the host xylem vessels, affecting disease development in various crops and bacterial acquisition by insect vectors. 24271184 5 23 theme microfluidic 865:876 arg1 chambers 878:885 microfluidic chambers 865:885 microfluidic chambers under liquid flow 865:903 However, in microfluidic chambers under liquid flow and with constant bacterial supplementation (closer to conditions inside the host), a dramatic increase in biofilm aggregates was seen in the Zn-amended medium. 24271184 0 24 theme fastidiosa 20:29 arg1 Response 0:7 Response 0:7 Response of Xylella fastidiosa to zinc: 0:38 Response of Xylella fastidiosa to zinc: decreased culturability, increased exopolysaccharide production, and formation of resilient biofilms under flow conditions. 24271184 3 25 theme culture 747:753 arg1 conditions 755:764 batch and flow culture conditions 732:764 conditions 755:764 Here, X. fastidiosa liquid cultures were supplemented with zinc and compared with nonamended cultures to determine the effects of Zn on growth, biofilm, and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production under batch and flow culture conditions. 24271184 0 26 theme resilient 122:130 arg1 biofilms 132:139 resilient biofilms 122:139 resilient biofilms 122:139 Response of Xylella fastidiosa to zinc: decreased culturability, increased exopolysaccharide production, and formation of resilient biofilms under flow conditions. 24271184 10 27 dep X. 1632:1633 arg1 fastidiosa 1635:1644 X. fastidiosa 1632:1644 X. fastidiosa 1632:1644 Together, these findings suggest that Zn can act as a stress factor with pleiotropic effects on X. fastidiosa and indicate that, although Zn could be used as a bactericide treatment, it could trigger the undesired effect of stronger biofilm formation upon reinoculation events. 24271184 5 28 dep chambers 878:885 arg1 closer 950:955 closer 950:955 closer 950:955 However, in microfluidic chambers under liquid flow and with constant bacterial supplementation (closer to conditions inside the host), a dramatic increase in biofilm aggregates was seen in the Zn-amended medium. 24271184 7 29 from production 1227:1236 arg1 cells 1258:1262 stationary-phase cells 1241:1262 stationary-phase cells grown under high Zn concentrations 1241:1297 This phenomenon was correlated with increased EPS production in stationary-phase cells grown under high Zn concentrations. 24271184 9 30 theme viable 1452:1457 arg1 state 1477:1481 the viable but nonculturable state 1448:1481 the viable but nonculturable state 1448:1481 Additionally, viability analyses suggest that X. fastidiosa may be able to enter the viable but nonculturable state in vitro, and Zn can hasten the onset of this state. 24271184 2 31 theme mineral 440:446 arg1 elements 448:455 mineral elements 440:455 mineral elements being transported in the xylem 440:486 Biofilms are sensitive to the chemical composition of the environment, and mineral elements being transported in the xylem are of special interest for this pathosystem. 24271184 3 32 theme batch 732:736 arg1 conditions 755:764 batch and flow culture conditions 732:764 conditions 755:764 Here, X. fastidiosa liquid cultures were supplemented with zinc and compared with nonamended cultures to determine the effects of Zn on growth, biofilm, and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production under batch and flow culture conditions. 24271184 5 33 theme Zn-amended 1047:1056 arg1 medium 1058:1063 the Zn-amended medium 1043:1063 the Zn-amended medium 1043:1063 However, in microfluidic chambers under liquid flow and with constant bacterial supplementation (closer to conditions inside the host), a dramatic increase in biofilm aggregates was seen in the Zn-amended medium. 24271184 5 34 from increase 1000:1007 arg1 aggregates 1020:1029 biofilm aggregates 1012:1029 biofilm aggregates 1012:1029 However, in microfluidic chambers under liquid flow and with constant bacterial supplementation (closer to conditions inside the host), a dramatic increase in biofilm aggregates was seen in the Zn-amended medium. 24271184 1 35 theme various 306:312 arg1 crops 314:318 various crops 306:318 various crops 306:318 The bacterial plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa produces biofilm that accumulates in the host xylem vessels, affecting disease development in various crops and bacterial acquisition by insect vectors. 24271184 3 36 theme Zn 664:665 arg1 effects 653:659 the effects 649:659 the effects of Zn on growth, biofilm, and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production under batch and flow culture conditions 649:764 Here, X. fastidiosa liquid cultures were supplemented with zinc and compared with nonamended cultures to determine the effects of Zn on growth, biofilm, and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production under batch and flow culture conditions. 24271184 1 37 dep pathogen 184:191 arg1 fastidiosa 201:210 fastidiosa 201:210 fastidiosa 201:210 The bacterial plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa produces biofilm that accumulates in the host xylem vessels, affecting disease development in various crops and bacterial acquisition by insect vectors. 24271184 10 38 theme stress 1590:1595 arg1 Zn 1574:1575 Zn 1574:1575 Zn 1574:1575 Together, these findings suggest that Zn can act as a stress factor with pleiotropic effects on X. fastidiosa and indicate that, although Zn could be used as a bactericide treatment, it could trigger the undesired effect of stronger biofilm formation upon reinoculation events. 24271184 10 38 theme stress 1590:1595 arg1 factor 1597:1602 a stress factor 1588:1602 a stress factor with pleiotropic effects on X. fastidiosa 1588:1644 Together, these findings suggest that Zn can act as a stress factor with pleiotropic effects on X. fastidiosa and indicate that, although Zn could be used as a bactericide treatment, it could trigger the undesired effect of stronger biofilm formation upon reinoculation events. 24271184 2 39 theme environment 423:433 arg1 composition 404:414 the chemical composition 391:414 the chemical composition of the environment 391:433 Biofilms are sensitive to the chemical composition of the environment, and mineral elements being transported in the xylem are of special interest for this pathosystem. 24271184 10 40 theme pleiotropic 1609:1619 arg1 effects 1621:1627 pleiotropic effects 1609:1627 pleiotropic effects on X. fastidiosa 1609:1644 Together, these findings suggest that Zn can act as a stress factor with pleiotropic effects on X. fastidiosa and indicate that, although Zn could be used as a bactericide treatment, it could trigger the undesired effect of stronger biofilm formation upon reinoculation events. 24271184 0 41 theme biofilms 132:139 arg1 culturability 50:62 culturability 50:62 culturability 50:62 Response of Xylella fastidiosa to zinc: decreased culturability, increased exopolysaccharide production, and formation of resilient biofilms under flow conditions. 24271184 0 41 theme biofilms 132:139 arg1 production 93:102 increased exopolysaccharide production 65:102 increased exopolysaccharide production 65:102 Response of Xylella fastidiosa to zinc: decreased culturability, increased exopolysaccharide production, and formation of resilient biofilms under flow conditions. 24271184 0 41 theme biofilms 132:139 arg1 formation 109:117 formation 109:117 formation of resilient biofilms 109:139 Response of Xylella fastidiosa to zinc: decreased culturability, increased exopolysaccharide production, and formation of resilient biofilms under flow conditions. 24271184 10 42 theme reinoculation 1792:1804 arg1 events 1806:1811 reinoculation events 1792:1811 reinoculation events 1792:1811 Together, these findings suggest that Zn can act as a stress factor with pleiotropic effects on X. fastidiosa and indicate that, although Zn could be used as a bactericide treatment, it could trigger the undesired effect of stronger biofilm formation upon reinoculation events. 24271184 10 43 theme undesired 1740:1748 arg1 effect 1750:1755 the undesired effect 1736:1755 the undesired effect of stronger biofilm formation upon reinoculation events 1736:1811 Together, these findings suggest that Zn can act as a stress factor with pleiotropic effects on X. fastidiosa and indicate that, although Zn could be used as a bactericide treatment, it could trigger the undesired effect of stronger biofilm formation upon reinoculation events. 24271184 5 44 theme biofilm 1012:1018 arg1 aggregates 1020:1029 biofilm aggregates 1012:1029 biofilm aggregates 1012:1029 However, in microfluidic chambers under liquid flow and with constant bacterial supplementation (closer to conditions inside the host), a dramatic increase in biofilm aggregates was seen in the Zn-amended medium. 24271184 7 45 theme high 1276:1279 arg1 concentrations 1284:1297 high Zn concentrations 1276:1297 high Zn concentrations 1276:1297 This phenomenon was correlated with increased EPS production in stationary-phase cells grown under high Zn concentrations. 24271184 1 46 theme bacterial 324:332 arg1 acquisition 334:344 bacterial acquisition 324:344 bacterial acquisition by insect vectors 324:362 The bacterial plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa produces biofilm that accumulates in the host xylem vessels, affecting disease development in various crops and bacterial acquisition by insect vectors. 24271184 0 47 theme flow 147:150 arg1 conditions 152:161 flow conditions 147:161 flow conditions 147:161 Response of Xylella fastidiosa to zinc: decreased culturability, increased exopolysaccharide production, and formation of resilient biofilms under flow conditions. 24271184 6 48 attach attached 1119:1126 arg2 Biofilms 1066:1073 Biofilms 1066:1073 Biofilms formed under these conditions 1066:1103 Biofilms formed under these conditions were strongly attached to surfaces and were not removed by medium flow. 24271184 6 48 attach attached 1119:1126 arg1 surfaces 1131:1138 surfaces 1131:1138 surfaces 1131:1138 Biofilms formed under these conditions were strongly attached to surfaces and were not removed by medium flow. 24271184 4 49 theme biofilm 811:817 arg1 production 819:828 biofilm production 811:828 biofilm production 811:828 The results show that Zn reduces growth and biofilm production under both conditions. 24271184 9 50 dep X. 1413:1414 arg1 fastidiosa 1416:1425 X. fastidiosa 1413:1425 X. fastidiosa 1413:1425 Additionally, viability analyses suggest that X. fastidiosa may be able to enter the viable but nonculturable state in vitro, and Zn can hasten the onset of this state. 24271184 3 51 dep X. 540:541 arg1 fastidiosa 543:552 X. fastidiosa 540:552 X. fastidiosa liquid cultures 540:568 Here, X. fastidiosa liquid cultures were supplemented with zinc and compared with nonamended cultures to determine the effects of Zn on growth, biofilm, and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production under batch and flow culture conditions. 24271184 5 52 theme dramatic 991:998 arg1 increase 1000:1007 a dramatic increase 989:1007 a dramatic increase in biofilm aggregates 989:1029 However, in microfluidic chambers under liquid flow and with constant bacterial supplementation (closer to conditions inside the host), a dramatic increase in biofilm aggregates was seen in the Zn-amended medium. 24271184 10 53 theme formation 1777:1785 arg1 effect 1750:1755 the undesired effect 1736:1755 the undesired effect of stronger biofilm formation upon reinoculation events 1736:1811 Together, these findings suggest that Zn can act as a stress factor with pleiotropic effects on X. fastidiosa and indicate that, although Zn could be used as a bactericide treatment, it could trigger the undesired effect of stronger biofilm formation upon reinoculation events. 24271184 5 54 theme constant 914:921 arg1 supplementation 933:947 constant bacterial supplementation 914:947 constant bacterial supplementation 914:947 However, in microfluidic chambers under liquid flow and with constant bacterial supplementation (closer to conditions inside the host), a dramatic increase in biofilm aggregates was seen in the Zn-amended medium. 24271184 9 55 theme viability 1381:1389 arg1 analyses 1391:1398 viability analyses 1381:1398 viability analyses 1381:1398 Additionally, viability analyses suggest that X. fastidiosa may be able to enter the viable but nonculturable state in vitro, and Zn can hasten the onset of this state. 24271184 9 56 theme state 1529:1533 arg1 onset 1515:1519 the onset 1511:1519 the onset of this state 1511:1533 Additionally, viability analyses suggest that X. fastidiosa may be able to enter the viable but nonculturable state in vitro, and Zn can hasten the onset of this state. 24271184 7 57 theme Zn 1281:1282 arg1 concentrations 1284:1297 high Zn concentrations 1276:1297 high Zn concentrations 1276:1297 This phenomenon was correlated with increased EPS production in stationary-phase cells grown under high Zn concentrations. 24271184 10 58 theme biofilm 1769:1775 arg1 formation 1777:1785 stronger biofilm formation 1760:1785 stronger biofilm formation 1760:1785 Together, these findings suggest that Zn can act as a stress factor with pleiotropic effects on X. fastidiosa and indicate that, although Zn could be used as a bactericide treatment, it could trigger the undesired effect of stronger biofilm formation upon reinoculation events. 24271184 5 59 theme bacterial 923:931 arg1 supplementation 933:947 constant bacterial supplementation 914:947 constant bacterial supplementation 914:947 However, in microfluidic chambers under liquid flow and with constant bacterial supplementation (closer to conditions inside the host), a dramatic increase in biofilm aggregates was seen in the Zn-amended medium. 24271184 7 60 theme increased 1213:1221 arg1 production 1227:1236 increased EPS production 1213:1236 increased EPS production in stationary-phase cells grown under high Zn concentrations 1213:1297 This phenomenon was correlated with increased EPS production in stationary-phase cells grown under high Zn concentrations. 24271184 3 61 theme nonamended 616:625 arg1 cultures 627:634 nonamended cultures 616:634 nonamended cultures 616:634 Here, X. fastidiosa liquid cultures were supplemented with zinc and compared with nonamended cultures to determine the effects of Zn on growth, biofilm, and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production under batch and flow culture conditions. 24271184 10 62 used used 1686:1689 arg2 Zn 1674:1675 Zn 1674:1675 Zn 1674:1675 Together, these findings suggest that Zn can act as a stress factor with pleiotropic effects on X. fastidiosa and indicate that, although Zn could be used as a bactericide treatment, it could trigger the undesired effect of stronger biofilm formation upon reinoculation events. 24271184 10 62 used used 1686:1689 arg2 treatment 1708:1716 a bactericide treatment 1694:1716 a bactericide treatment 1694:1716 Together, these findings suggest that Zn can act as a stress factor with pleiotropic effects on X. fastidiosa and indicate that, although Zn could be used as a bactericide treatment, it could trigger the undesired effect of stronger biofilm formation upon reinoculation events. 24271184 7 63 theme stationary-phase 1241:1256 arg1 cells 1258:1262 stationary-phase cells 1241:1262 stationary-phase cells grown under high Zn concentrations 1241:1297 This phenomenon was correlated with increased EPS production in stationary-phase cells grown under high Zn concentrations. 24271184 7 64 theme EPS 1223:1225 arg1 production 1227:1236 increased EPS production 1213:1236 increased EPS production in stationary-phase cells grown under high Zn concentrations 1213:1297 This phenomenon was correlated with increased EPS production in stationary-phase cells grown under high Zn concentrations. 24271184 3 65 theme exopolysaccharide 691:707 arg1 production 715:724 exopolysaccharide (EPS) production 691:724 exopolysaccharide (EPS) production 691:724 Here, X. fastidiosa liquid cultures were supplemented with zinc and compared with nonamended cultures to determine the effects of Zn on growth, biofilm, and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production under batch and flow culture conditions. 24271184 0 66 theme Xylella 12:18 arg1 fastidiosa 20:29 Xylella fastidiosa 12:29 Xylella fastidiosa 12:29 Response of Xylella fastidiosa to zinc: decreased culturability, increased exopolysaccharide production, and formation of resilient biofilms under flow conditions. 24271184 10 67 theme stronger 1760:1767 arg1 formation 1777:1785 stronger biofilm formation 1760:1785 stronger biofilm formation 1760:1785 Together, these findings suggest that Zn can act as a stress factor with pleiotropic effects on X. fastidiosa and indicate that, although Zn could be used as a bactericide treatment, it could trigger the undesired effect of stronger biofilm formation upon reinoculation events. 24271184 1 68 theme host 253:256 arg1 vessels 264:270 the host xylem vessels 249:270 the host xylem vessels 249:270 The bacterial plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa produces biofilm that accumulates in the host xylem vessels, affecting disease development in various crops and bacterial acquisition by insect vectors. 25406445 5 0 from roles 832:836 arg1 planta 851:856 planta 851:856 planta 851:856 To characterize the physiological roles of AtDOK1 in planta, we isolated two independent lines of T-DNA-tagged AtDOK1 mutants, dok1-1 and dok1-2. 25406445 4 1 theme S. cerevisiae 721:733 arg1 mutant 741:746 the S. cerevisiae sec59 mutant 717:746 the S. cerevisiae sec59 mutant 717:746 At3g45040, designated AtDOK1, complemented defects in the growth and N-linked glycosylation of the S. cerevisiae sec59 mutant, suggesting that AtDOK1 encodes a functional DOK. 25406445 3 2 from proteins 477:484 arg1 Arabidopsis 489:499 Arabidopsis 489:499 Arabidopsis 489:499 We performed a genome-wide search for cytidylyltransferase motif-containing proteins in Arabidopsis, and found that At3g45040 encodes a protein homologous with Sec59p, a dolichol kinase (DOK) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 25406445 1 3 theme polysaccharides 138:152 arg1 carrier 119:125 a carrier 117:125 a carrier of complex polysaccharides during protein glycosylation 117:181 Dolichol phosphate (Dol-P) serves as a carrier of complex polysaccharides during protein glycosylation. 25406445 1 3 theme polysaccharides 138:152 arg1 phosphate 89:97 Dolichol phosphate 80:97 Dolichol phosphate (Dol-P) 80:105 Dolichol phosphate (Dol-P) serves as a carrier of complex polysaccharides during protein glycosylation. 25406445 7 4 theme incomplete 1144:1153 arg1 penetrance 1155:1164 incomplete penetrance 1144:1164 incomplete penetrance 1144:1164 Additionally, the mutations had incomplete penetrance. 25406445 3 5 with homologous 545:554 arg1 Sec59p 561:566 Sec59p 561:566 Sec59p 561:566 We performed a genome-wide search for cytidylyltransferase motif-containing proteins in Arabidopsis, and found that At3g45040 encodes a protein homologous with Sec59p, a dolichol kinase (DOK) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 25406445 3 5 with homologous 545:554 arg1 kinase 580:585 a dolichol kinase 569:585 a dolichol kinase (DOK) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae 569:619 We performed a genome-wide search for cytidylyltransferase motif-containing proteins in Arabidopsis, and found that At3g45040 encodes a protein homologous with Sec59p, a dolichol kinase (DOK) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 25406445 6 6 theme male 1000:1003 arg1 gametophytes 1016:1027 male and female gametophytes 1000:1027 male and female gametophytes 1000:1027 The heterozygous plants showed developmental defects in male and female gametophytes, including an aberrant pollen structure, low pollen viability, and short siliques. 25406445 4 7 theme functional 782:791 arg1 DOK 793:795 a functional DOK 780:795 a functional DOK 780:795 At3g45040, designated AtDOK1, complemented defects in the growth and N-linked glycosylation of the S. cerevisiae sec59 mutant, suggesting that AtDOK1 encodes a functional DOK. 25406445 4 7 theme functional 782:791 arg1 AtDOK1 765:770 AtDOK1 765:770 AtDOK1 765:770 At3g45040, designated AtDOK1, complemented defects in the growth and N-linked glycosylation of the S. cerevisiae sec59 mutant, suggesting that AtDOK1 encodes a functional DOK. 25406445 3 8 theme dolichol 571:578 arg1 Sec59p 561:566 Sec59p 561:566 Sec59p 561:566 We performed a genome-wide search for cytidylyltransferase motif-containing proteins in Arabidopsis, and found that At3g45040 encodes a protein homologous with Sec59p, a dolichol kinase (DOK) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 25406445 3 8 theme dolichol 571:578 arg1 DOK 588:590 DOK 588:590 DOK 588:590 We performed a genome-wide search for cytidylyltransferase motif-containing proteins in Arabidopsis, and found that At3g45040 encodes a protein homologous with Sec59p, a dolichol kinase (DOK) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 25406445 3 8 theme dolichol 571:578 arg1 kinase 580:585 a dolichol kinase 569:585 a dolichol kinase (DOK) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae 569:619 We performed a genome-wide search for cytidylyltransferase motif-containing proteins in Arabidopsis, and found that At3g45040 encodes a protein homologous with Sec59p, a dolichol kinase (DOK) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 25406445 5 9 theme independent 875:885 arg1 lines 887:891 two independent lines 871:891 two independent lines of T-DNA-tagged AtDOK1 mutants 871:922 To characterize the physiological roles of AtDOK1 in planta, we isolated two independent lines of T-DNA-tagged AtDOK1 mutants, dok1-1 and dok1-2. 25406445 5 9 theme independent 875:885 arg1 dok1-1 925:930 dok1-1 925:930 dok1-1 925:930 To characterize the physiological roles of AtDOK1 in planta, we isolated two independent lines of T-DNA-tagged AtDOK1 mutants, dok1-1 and dok1-2. 25406445 5 9 theme independent 875:885 arg1 dok1-2 936:941 dok1-2 936:941 dok1-2 936:941 To characterize the physiological roles of AtDOK1 in planta, we isolated two independent lines of T-DNA-tagged AtDOK1 mutants, dok1-1 and dok1-2. 25406445 6 10 theme pollen 1074:1079 arg1 viability 1081:1089 low pollen viability 1070:1089 low pollen viability 1070:1089 The heterozygous plants showed developmental defects in male and female gametophytes, including an aberrant pollen structure, low pollen viability, and short siliques. 25406445 1 11 theme protein 161:167 arg1 glycosylation 169:181 protein glycosylation 161:181 protein glycosylation 161:181 Dolichol phosphate (Dol-P) serves as a carrier of complex polysaccharides during protein glycosylation. 25406445 6 12 theme female 1009:1014 arg1 gametophytes 1016:1027 male and female gametophytes 1000:1027 male and female gametophytes 1000:1027 The heterozygous plants showed developmental defects in male and female gametophytes, including an aberrant pollen structure, low pollen viability, and short siliques. 25406445 8 13 from processes 1247:1255 arg1 Arabidopsis 1260:1270 Arabidopsis 1260:1270 Arabidopsis 1260:1270 These results suggest that AtDOK1 is a functional DOK required for reproductive processes in Arabidopsis. 25406445 0 14 theme dolichol 38:45 arg1 kinase 47:52 a functional dolichol kinase 25:52 a functional dolichol kinase involved in reproduction 25:77 Arabidopsis DOK1 encodes a functional dolichol kinase involved in reproduction. 25406445 0 14 theme dolichol 38:45 arg1 DOK1 12:15 Arabidopsis DOK1 0:15 Arabidopsis DOK1 0:15 Arabidopsis DOK1 encodes a functional dolichol kinase involved in reproduction. 25406445 1 15 theme Dolichol 80:87 arg1 carrier 119:125 a carrier 117:125 a carrier of complex polysaccharides during protein glycosylation 117:181 Dolichol phosphate (Dol-P) serves as a carrier of complex polysaccharides during protein glycosylation. 25406445 1 15 theme Dolichol 80:87 arg1 Dol-P 100:104 Dol-P 100:104 Dol-P 100:104 Dolichol phosphate (Dol-P) serves as a carrier of complex polysaccharides during protein glycosylation. 25406445 1 15 theme Dolichol 80:87 arg1 phosphate 89:97 Dolichol phosphate 80:97 Dolichol phosphate (Dol-P) 80:105 Dolichol phosphate (Dol-P) serves as a carrier of complex polysaccharides during protein glycosylation. 25406445 6 16 theme short 1096:1100 arg1 siliques 1102:1109 short siliques 1096:1109 short siliques 1096:1109 The heterozygous plants showed developmental defects in male and female gametophytes, including an aberrant pollen structure, low pollen viability, and short siliques. 25406445 4 17 theme N-linked 691:698 arg1 glycosylation 700:712 N-linked glycosylation 691:712 N-linked glycosylation 691:712 At3g45040, designated AtDOK1, complemented defects in the growth and N-linked glycosylation of the S. cerevisiae sec59 mutant, suggesting that AtDOK1 encodes a functional DOK. 25406445 0 18 theme Arabidopsis 0:10 arg1 kinase 47:52 a functional dolichol kinase 25:52 a functional dolichol kinase involved in reproduction 25:77 Arabidopsis DOK1 encodes a functional dolichol kinase involved in reproduction. 25406445 0 18 theme Arabidopsis 0:10 arg1 DOK1 12:15 Arabidopsis DOK1 0:15 Arabidopsis DOK1 0:15 Arabidopsis DOK1 encodes a functional dolichol kinase involved in reproduction. 25406445 3 19 theme cytidylyltransferase 439:458 arg1 proteins 477:484 cytidylyltransferase motif-containing proteins 439:484 cytidylyltransferase motif-containing proteins in Arabidopsis 439:499 We performed a genome-wide search for cytidylyltransferase motif-containing proteins in Arabidopsis, and found that At3g45040 encodes a protein homologous with Sec59p, a dolichol kinase (DOK) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 25406445 5 20 theme AtDOK1 841:846 arg1 roles 832:836 the physiological roles 814:836 the physiological roles of AtDOK1 in planta 814:856 To characterize the physiological roles of AtDOK1 in planta, we isolated two independent lines of T-DNA-tagged AtDOK1 mutants, dok1-1 and dok1-2. 25406445 4 21 from defects 665:671 arg1 growth 680:685 growth 680:685 growth 680:685 At3g45040, designated AtDOK1, complemented defects in the growth and N-linked glycosylation of the S. cerevisiae sec59 mutant, suggesting that AtDOK1 encodes a functional DOK. 25406445 4 21 from defects 665:671 arg1 glycosylation 700:712 N-linked glycosylation 691:712 N-linked glycosylation 691:712 At3g45040, designated AtDOK1, complemented defects in the growth and N-linked glycosylation of the S. cerevisiae sec59 mutant, suggesting that AtDOK1 encodes a functional DOK. 25406445 6 22 from defects 989:995 arg1 gametophytes 1016:1027 male and female gametophytes 1000:1027 male and female gametophytes 1000:1027 The heterozygous plants showed developmental defects in male and female gametophytes, including an aberrant pollen structure, low pollen viability, and short siliques. 25406445 5 23 theme AtDOK1 909:914 arg1 mutants 916:922 T-DNA-tagged AtDOK1 mutants 896:922 T-DNA-tagged AtDOK1 mutants 896:922 To characterize the physiological roles of AtDOK1 in planta, we isolated two independent lines of T-DNA-tagged AtDOK1 mutants, dok1-1 and dok1-2. 25406445 3 24 theme genome-wide 416:426 arg1 search 428:433 a genome-wide search 414:433 a genome-wide search for cytidylyltransferase motif-containing proteins in Arabidopsis 414:499 We performed a genome-wide search for cytidylyltransferase motif-containing proteins in Arabidopsis, and found that At3g45040 encodes a protein homologous with Sec59p, a dolichol kinase (DOK) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 25406445 4 25 link N-linked 691:698 arg1 glycosylation 700:712 N-linked glycosylation 691:712 N-linked glycosylation 691:712 At3g45040, designated AtDOK1, complemented defects in the growth and N-linked glycosylation of the S. cerevisiae sec59 mutant, suggesting that AtDOK1 encodes a functional DOK. 25406445 2 26 theme Arabidopsis 379:389 arg1 thaliana 391:398 Arabidopsis thaliana 379:398 Arabidopsis thaliana 379:398 Dol-P is synthesized by the phosphorylation of dolichol or the monodephosphorylation of dolichol pyrophosphate (Dol-PP); however, the enzymes that catalyze these reactions remain unidentified in Arabidopsis thaliana. 25406445 6 27 theme low 1070:1072 arg1 viability 1081:1089 low pollen viability 1070:1089 low pollen viability 1070:1089 The heterozygous plants showed developmental defects in male and female gametophytes, including an aberrant pollen structure, low pollen viability, and short siliques. 25406445 0 28 theme functional 27:36 arg1 kinase 47:52 a functional dolichol kinase 25:52 a functional dolichol kinase involved in reproduction 25:77 Arabidopsis DOK1 encodes a functional dolichol kinase involved in reproduction. 25406445 0 28 theme functional 27:36 arg1 DOK1 12:15 Arabidopsis DOK1 0:15 Arabidopsis DOK1 0:15 Arabidopsis DOK1 encodes a functional dolichol kinase involved in reproduction. 25406445 6 29 theme developmental 975:987 arg1 siliques 1102:1109 short siliques 1096:1109 short siliques 1096:1109 The heterozygous plants showed developmental defects in male and female gametophytes, including an aberrant pollen structure, low pollen viability, and short siliques. 25406445 6 29 theme developmental 975:987 arg1 viability 1081:1089 low pollen viability 1070:1089 low pollen viability 1070:1089 The heterozygous plants showed developmental defects in male and female gametophytes, including an aberrant pollen structure, low pollen viability, and short siliques. 25406445 6 29 theme developmental 975:987 arg1 defects 989:995 developmental defects 975:995 developmental defects 975:995 The heterozygous plants showed developmental defects in male and female gametophytes, including an aberrant pollen structure, low pollen viability, and short siliques. 25406445 6 29 theme developmental 975:987 arg1 structure 1059:1067 an aberrant pollen structure 1040:1067 an aberrant pollen structure 1040:1067 The heterozygous plants showed developmental defects in male and female gametophytes, including an aberrant pollen structure, low pollen viability, and short siliques. 25406445 8 30 theme reproductive 1234:1245 arg1 processes 1247:1255 reproductive processes 1234:1255 reproductive processes in Arabidopsis 1234:1270 These results suggest that AtDOK1 is a functional DOK required for reproductive processes in Arabidopsis. 25406445 2 31 theme dolichol 231:238 arg1 monodephosphorylation 247:267 the monodephosphorylation 243:267 the monodephosphorylation of dolichol pyrophosphate (Dol-PP) 243:302 Dol-P is synthesized by the phosphorylation of dolichol or the monodephosphorylation of dolichol pyrophosphate (Dol-PP); however, the enzymes that catalyze these reactions remain unidentified in Arabidopsis thaliana. 25406445 2 31 theme dolichol 231:238 arg1 phosphorylation 212:226 the phosphorylation 208:226 the phosphorylation of dolichol 208:238 Dol-P is synthesized by the phosphorylation of dolichol or the monodephosphorylation of dolichol pyrophosphate (Dol-PP); however, the enzymes that catalyze these reactions remain unidentified in Arabidopsis thaliana. 25406445 5 32 theme physiological 818:830 arg1 roles 832:836 the physiological roles 814:836 the physiological roles of AtDOK1 in planta 814:856 To characterize the physiological roles of AtDOK1 in planta, we isolated two independent lines of T-DNA-tagged AtDOK1 mutants, dok1-1 and dok1-2. 25406445 4 33 gly glycosylation 700:712 arg1 mutant 741:746 the S. cerevisiae sec59 mutant 717:746 the S. cerevisiae sec59 mutant 717:746 At3g45040, designated AtDOK1, complemented defects in the growth and N-linked glycosylation of the S. cerevisiae sec59 mutant, suggesting that AtDOK1 encodes a functional DOK. 25406445 3 34 theme motif-containing 460:475 arg1 proteins 477:484 cytidylyltransferase motif-containing proteins 439:484 cytidylyltransferase motif-containing proteins in Arabidopsis 439:499 We performed a genome-wide search for cytidylyltransferase motif-containing proteins in Arabidopsis, and found that At3g45040 encodes a protein homologous with Sec59p, a dolichol kinase (DOK) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 25406445 4 35 theme mutant 741:746 arg1 growth 680:685 growth 680:685 growth 680:685 At3g45040, designated AtDOK1, complemented defects in the growth and N-linked glycosylation of the S. cerevisiae sec59 mutant, suggesting that AtDOK1 encodes a functional DOK. 25406445 4 35 theme mutant 741:746 arg1 glycosylation 700:712 N-linked glycosylation 691:712 N-linked glycosylation 691:712 At3g45040, designated AtDOK1, complemented defects in the growth and N-linked glycosylation of the S. cerevisiae sec59 mutant, suggesting that AtDOK1 encodes a functional DOK. 25406445 3 36 theme Saccharomyces 596:608 arg1 cerevisiae 610:619 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 596:619 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 596:619 We performed a genome-wide search for cytidylyltransferase motif-containing proteins in Arabidopsis, and found that At3g45040 encodes a protein homologous with Sec59p, a dolichol kinase (DOK) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 25406445 4 37 theme sec59 735:739 arg1 mutant 741:746 the S. cerevisiae sec59 mutant 717:746 the S. cerevisiae sec59 mutant 717:746 At3g45040, designated AtDOK1, complemented defects in the growth and N-linked glycosylation of the S. cerevisiae sec59 mutant, suggesting that AtDOK1 encodes a functional DOK. 25406445 3 38 from kinase 580:585 arg1 cerevisiae 610:619 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 596:619 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 596:619 We performed a genome-wide search for cytidylyltransferase motif-containing proteins in Arabidopsis, and found that At3g45040 encodes a protein homologous with Sec59p, a dolichol kinase (DOK) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 25406445 6 39 theme heterozygous 948:959 arg1 plants 961:966 The heterozygous plants 944:966 The heterozygous plants 944:966 The heterozygous plants showed developmental defects in male and female gametophytes, including an aberrant pollen structure, low pollen viability, and short siliques. 25406445 2 40 theme dolichol 272:279 arg1 Dol-PP 296:301 Dol-PP 296:301 Dol-PP 296:301 Dol-P is synthesized by the phosphorylation of dolichol or the monodephosphorylation of dolichol pyrophosphate (Dol-PP); however, the enzymes that catalyze these reactions remain unidentified in Arabidopsis thaliana. 25406445 2 40 theme dolichol 272:279 arg1 pyrophosphate 281:293 dolichol pyrophosphate 272:293 dolichol pyrophosphate (Dol-PP) 272:302 Dol-P is synthesized by the phosphorylation of dolichol or the monodephosphorylation of dolichol pyrophosphate (Dol-PP); however, the enzymes that catalyze these reactions remain unidentified in Arabidopsis thaliana. 25406445 5 41 theme T-DNA-tagged 896:907 arg1 mutants 916:922 T-DNA-tagged AtDOK1 mutants 896:922 T-DNA-tagged AtDOK1 mutants 896:922 To characterize the physiological roles of AtDOK1 in planta, we isolated two independent lines of T-DNA-tagged AtDOK1 mutants, dok1-1 and dok1-2. 25406445 2 42 theme pyrophosphate 281:293 arg1 monodephosphorylation 247:267 the monodephosphorylation 243:267 the monodephosphorylation of dolichol pyrophosphate (Dol-PP) 243:302 Dol-P is synthesized by the phosphorylation of dolichol or the monodephosphorylation of dolichol pyrophosphate (Dol-PP); however, the enzymes that catalyze these reactions remain unidentified in Arabidopsis thaliana. 25406445 2 42 theme pyrophosphate 281:293 arg1 phosphorylation 212:226 the phosphorylation 208:226 the phosphorylation of dolichol 208:238 Dol-P is synthesized by the phosphorylation of dolichol or the monodephosphorylation of dolichol pyrophosphate (Dol-PP); however, the enzymes that catalyze these reactions remain unidentified in Arabidopsis thaliana. 25406445 8 43 theme functional 1206:1215 arg1 AtDOK1 1194:1199 AtDOK1 1194:1199 AtDOK1 1194:1199 These results suggest that AtDOK1 is a functional DOK required for reproductive processes in Arabidopsis. 25406445 8 43 theme functional 1206:1215 arg1 DOK 1217:1219 a functional DOK 1204:1219 a functional DOK required for reproductive processes in Arabidopsis 1204:1270 These results suggest that AtDOK1 is a functional DOK required for reproductive processes in Arabidopsis. 25406445 5 44 theme mutants 916:922 arg1 lines 887:891 two independent lines 871:891 two independent lines of T-DNA-tagged AtDOK1 mutants 871:922 To characterize the physiological roles of AtDOK1 in planta, we isolated two independent lines of T-DNA-tagged AtDOK1 mutants, dok1-1 and dok1-2. 25406445 5 44 theme mutants 916:922 arg1 dok1-1 925:930 dok1-1 925:930 dok1-1 925:930 To characterize the physiological roles of AtDOK1 in planta, we isolated two independent lines of T-DNA-tagged AtDOK1 mutants, dok1-1 and dok1-2. 25406445 5 44 theme mutants 916:922 arg1 dok1-2 936:941 dok1-2 936:941 dok1-2 936:941 To characterize the physiological roles of AtDOK1 in planta, we isolated two independent lines of T-DNA-tagged AtDOK1 mutants, dok1-1 and dok1-2. 25406445 6 45 theme pollen 1052:1057 arg1 structure 1059:1067 an aberrant pollen structure 1040:1067 an aberrant pollen structure 1040:1067 The heterozygous plants showed developmental defects in male and female gametophytes, including an aberrant pollen structure, low pollen viability, and short siliques. 25406445 3 46 theme homologous 545:554 arg1 At3g45040 517:525 At3g45040 517:525 At3g45040 517:525 We performed a genome-wide search for cytidylyltransferase motif-containing proteins in Arabidopsis, and found that At3g45040 encodes a protein homologous with Sec59p, a dolichol kinase (DOK) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 25406445 3 46 theme homologous 545:554 arg1 protein 537:543 a protein 535:543 a protein homologous with Sec59p, a dolichol kinase (DOK) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae 535:619 We performed a genome-wide search for cytidylyltransferase motif-containing proteins in Arabidopsis, and found that At3g45040 encodes a protein homologous with Sec59p, a dolichol kinase (DOK) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 25406445 6 47 theme aberrant 1043:1050 arg1 structure 1059:1067 an aberrant pollen structure 1040:1067 an aberrant pollen structure 1040:1067 The heterozygous plants showed developmental defects in male and female gametophytes, including an aberrant pollen structure, low pollen viability, and short siliques. 25406445 1 48 theme complex 130:136 arg1 polysaccharides 138:152 complex polysaccharides 130:152 complex polysaccharides 130:152 Dolichol phosphate (Dol-P) serves as a carrier of complex polysaccharides during protein glycosylation. 25406445 7 49 contain had 1140:1142 arg2 penetrance 1155:1164 incomplete penetrance 1144:1164 incomplete penetrance 1144:1164 Additionally, the mutations had incomplete penetrance. 25406445 7 49 contain had 1140:1142 arg1 mutations 1130:1138 the mutations 1126:1138 the mutations 1126:1138 Additionally, the mutations had incomplete penetrance. 26348145 7 0 theme dye 989:991 arg1 capacity 1000:1007 dye uptake capacity 989:1007 dye uptake capacity 989:1007 Besides, cat-GG/SiO2 has been recycled efficiently with no prominent loss of dye uptake capacity, even after 4 adsorption-desorption cycles. 26348145 3 1 theme SiO2 485:488 arg1 NPs 490:492 homogeneous SiO2 NPs 473:492 homogeneous SiO2 NPs 473:492 Various analyses endorse the suitability of cat-GG as well-organized template for the development of homogeneous SiO2 NPs. 26348145 4 2 theme anionic 578:584 arg1 dyes 586:589 anionic dyes 578:589 anionic dyes (reactive blue-RB and Congo red-CR) 578:625 Dye adsorption studies predict that cat-GG/SiO2 efficiently and selectively adsorb anionic dyes (reactive blue-RB and Congo red-CR) from mixture of dye solutions. 26348145 4 2 theme anionic 578:584 arg1 blue-RB 601:607 reactive blue-RB 592:607 reactive blue-RB 592:607 Dye adsorption studies predict that cat-GG/SiO2 efficiently and selectively adsorb anionic dyes (reactive blue-RB and Congo red-CR) from mixture of dye solutions. 26348145 4 2 theme anionic 578:584 arg1 red-CR 619:624 Congo red-CR 613:624 Congo red-CR 613:624 Dye adsorption studies predict that cat-GG/SiO2 efficiently and selectively adsorb anionic dyes (reactive blue-RB and Congo red-CR) from mixture of dye solutions. 26348145 4 3 theme Dye 495:497 arg1 studies 510:516 Dye adsorption studies 495:516 Dye adsorption studies 495:516 Dye adsorption studies predict that cat-GG/SiO2 efficiently and selectively adsorb anionic dyes (reactive blue-RB and Congo red-CR) from mixture of dye solutions. 26348145 7 4 theme prominent 971:979 arg1 loss 981:984 no prominent loss 968:984 no prominent loss of dye uptake capacity 968:1007 Besides, cat-GG/SiO2 has been recycled efficiently with no prominent loss of dye uptake capacity, even after 4 adsorption-desorption cycles. 26348145 2 5 theme diethylamino 323:334 arg1 ethyl 336:340 2-(diethylamino)ethyl 320:340 2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate 320:353 The cat-GG has been synthesised by grafting poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) on GG backbone. 26348145 0 6 theme modified 94:101 arg1 nanoparticles 123:135 cationically modified guar gum and silica nanoparticles 81:135 cationically modified guar gum and silica nanoparticles 81:135 Selective removal of toxic anionic dyes using a novel nanocomposite derived from cationically modified guar gum and silica nanoparticles. 26348145 5 7 theme chelating 712:720 arg1 interactions 732:743 multifunctional chelating H-bonding interactions 696:743 multifunctional chelating H-bonding interactions 696:743 This is because of high surface area, multifunctional chelating H-bonding interactions and electrostatic interactions of cationic adsorbent with anionic dyes. 26348145 5 7 theme chelating 712:720 arg1 area 690:693 high surface area 677:693 high surface area 677:693 This is because of high surface area, multifunctional chelating H-bonding interactions and electrostatic interactions of cationic adsorbent with anionic dyes. 26348145 0 8 theme gum 108:110 arg1 nanoparticles 123:135 cationically modified guar gum and silica nanoparticles 81:135 cationically modified guar gum and silica nanoparticles 81:135 Selective removal of toxic anionic dyes using a novel nanocomposite derived from cationically modified guar gum and silica nanoparticles. 26348145 6 9 theme stripping 892:900 arg1 solution 902:909 pH 10 stripping solution 886:909 pH 10 stripping solution 886:909 Dyes adsorbed on the composite surface are desorbed reversibly using pH 10 stripping solution. 26348145 4 10 theme dye 643:645 arg1 solutions 647:655 dye solutions 643:655 dye solutions 643:655 Dye adsorption studies predict that cat-GG/SiO2 efficiently and selectively adsorb anionic dyes (reactive blue-RB and Congo red-CR) from mixture of dye solutions. 26348145 0 11 theme guar 103:106 arg1 gum 108:110 guar gum 103:110 guar gum 103:110 Selective removal of toxic anionic dyes using a novel nanocomposite derived from cationically modified guar gum and silica nanoparticles. 26348145 1 12 attach derived 160:166 arg2 nanocomposite 146:158 A novel nanocomposite 138:158 A novel nanocomposite derived from cationically modified guar gum and in-situ incorporated SiO2 NP (cat-GG/SiO2) 138:249 A novel nanocomposite derived from cationically modified guar gum and in-situ incorporated SiO2 NP (cat-GG/SiO2) has been developed. 26348145 1 12 attach derived 160:166 arg1 cat-GG/SiO2 238:248 cat-GG/SiO2 238:248 cat-GG/SiO2 238:248 A novel nanocomposite derived from cationically modified guar gum and in-situ incorporated SiO2 NP (cat-GG/SiO2) has been developed. 26348145 1 12 attach derived 160:166 arg1 NP 234:235 in-situ incorporated SiO2 NP 208:235 in-situ incorporated SiO2 NP (cat-GG/SiO2) 208:249 A novel nanocomposite derived from cationically modified guar gum and in-situ incorporated SiO2 NP (cat-GG/SiO2) has been developed. 26348145 1 12 attach derived 160:166 arg1 gum 200:202 cationically modified guar gum 173:202 cationically modified guar gum 173:202 A novel nanocomposite derived from cationically modified guar gum and in-situ incorporated SiO2 NP (cat-GG/SiO2) has been developed. 26348145 2 13 dep ethyl 336:340 arg1 methacrylate 342:353 methacrylate 342:353 2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate 320:353 The cat-GG has been synthesised by grafting poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) on GG backbone. 26348145 3 14 theme cat-GG 416:421 arg1 suitability 401:411 the suitability 397:411 the suitability of cat-GG as well-organized template for the development of homogeneous SiO2 NPs 397:492 Various analyses endorse the suitability of cat-GG as well-organized template for the development of homogeneous SiO2 NPs. 26348145 6 15 theme pH 886:887 arg1 solution 902:909 pH 10 stripping solution 886:909 pH 10 stripping solution 886:909 Dyes adsorbed on the composite surface are desorbed reversibly using pH 10 stripping solution. 26348145 1 16 theme modified 186:193 arg1 gum 200:202 cationically modified guar gum 173:202 cationically modified guar gum 173:202 A novel nanocomposite derived from cationically modified guar gum and in-situ incorporated SiO2 NP (cat-GG/SiO2) has been developed. 26348145 0 17 theme Selective 0:8 arg1 removal 10:16 Selective removal 0:16 Selective removal of toxic anionic dyes 0:38 Selective removal of toxic anionic dyes using a novel nanocomposite derived from cationically modified guar gum and silica nanoparticles. 26348145 2 18 dep poly 315:318 arg1 ethyl 336:340 2-(diethylamino)ethyl 320:340 2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate 320:353 The cat-GG has been synthesised by grafting poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) on GG backbone. 26348145 5 19 theme multifunctional 696:710 arg1 interactions 732:743 multifunctional chelating H-bonding interactions 696:743 multifunctional chelating H-bonding interactions 696:743 This is because of high surface area, multifunctional chelating H-bonding interactions and electrostatic interactions of cationic adsorbent with anionic dyes. 26348145 5 19 theme multifunctional 696:710 arg1 area 690:693 high surface area 677:693 high surface area 677:693 This is because of high surface area, multifunctional chelating H-bonding interactions and electrostatic interactions of cationic adsorbent with anionic dyes. 26348145 1 20 theme guar 195:198 arg1 gum 200:202 cationically modified guar gum 173:202 cationically modified guar gum 173:202 A novel nanocomposite derived from cationically modified guar gum and in-situ incorporated SiO2 NP (cat-GG/SiO2) has been developed. 26348145 0 21 theme toxic 21:25 arg1 dyes 35:38 toxic anionic dyes 21:38 toxic anionic dyes 21:38 Selective removal of toxic anionic dyes using a novel nanocomposite derived from cationically modified guar gum and silica nanoparticles. 26348145 0 22 theme silica 116:121 arg1 nanoparticles 123:135 cationically modified guar gum and silica nanoparticles 81:135 cationically modified guar gum and silica nanoparticles 81:135 Selective removal of toxic anionic dyes using a novel nanocomposite derived from cationically modified guar gum and silica nanoparticles. 26348145 5 23 theme surface 682:688 arg1 interactions 763:774 electrostatic interactions 749:774 electrostatic interactions of cationic adsorbent with anionic dyes 749:814 This is because of high surface area, multifunctional chelating H-bonding interactions and electrostatic interactions of cationic adsorbent with anionic dyes. 26348145 5 23 theme surface 682:688 arg1 interactions 732:743 multifunctional chelating H-bonding interactions 696:743 multifunctional chelating H-bonding interactions 696:743 This is because of high surface area, multifunctional chelating H-bonding interactions and electrostatic interactions of cationic adsorbent with anionic dyes. 26348145 5 23 theme surface 682:688 arg1 area 690:693 high surface area 677:693 high surface area 677:693 This is because of high surface area, multifunctional chelating H-bonding interactions and electrostatic interactions of cationic adsorbent with anionic dyes. 26348145 3 24 theme NPs 490:492 arg1 development 458:468 the development 454:468 the development of homogeneous SiO2 NPs 454:492 Various analyses endorse the suitability of cat-GG as well-organized template for the development of homogeneous SiO2 NPs. 26348145 0 25 theme dyes 35:38 arg1 removal 10:16 Selective removal 0:16 Selective removal of toxic anionic dyes 0:38 Selective removal of toxic anionic dyes using a novel nanocomposite derived from cationically modified guar gum and silica nanoparticles. 26348145 4 26 dep dyes 586:589 arg1 dyes 586:589 anionic dyes 578:589 anionic dyes (reactive blue-RB and Congo red-CR) 578:625 Dye adsorption studies predict that cat-GG/SiO2 efficiently and selectively adsorb anionic dyes (reactive blue-RB and Congo red-CR) from mixture of dye solutions. 26348145 4 26 dep dyes 586:589 arg1 blue-RB 601:607 reactive blue-RB 592:607 reactive blue-RB 592:607 Dye adsorption studies predict that cat-GG/SiO2 efficiently and selectively adsorb anionic dyes (reactive blue-RB and Congo red-CR) from mixture of dye solutions. 26348145 4 26 dep dyes 586:589 arg1 red-CR 619:624 Congo red-CR 613:624 Congo red-CR 613:624 Dye adsorption studies predict that cat-GG/SiO2 efficiently and selectively adsorb anionic dyes (reactive blue-RB and Congo red-CR) from mixture of dye solutions. 26348145 4 27 theme solutions 647:655 arg1 mixture 632:638 mixture 632:638 mixture of dye solutions 632:655 Dye adsorption studies predict that cat-GG/SiO2 efficiently and selectively adsorb anionic dyes (reactive blue-RB and Congo red-CR) from mixture of dye solutions. 26348145 1 28 theme in-situ 208:214 arg1 cat-GG/SiO2 238:248 cat-GG/SiO2 238:248 cat-GG/SiO2 238:248 A novel nanocomposite derived from cationically modified guar gum and in-situ incorporated SiO2 NP (cat-GG/SiO2) has been developed. 26348145 1 28 theme in-situ 208:214 arg1 NP 234:235 in-situ incorporated SiO2 NP 208:235 in-situ incorporated SiO2 NP (cat-GG/SiO2) 208:249 A novel nanocomposite derived from cationically modified guar gum and in-situ incorporated SiO2 NP (cat-GG/SiO2) has been developed. 26348145 0 29 theme anionic 27:33 arg1 dyes 35:38 toxic anionic dyes 21:38 toxic anionic dyes 21:38 Selective removal of toxic anionic dyes using a novel nanocomposite derived from cationically modified guar gum and silica nanoparticles. 26348145 5 30 theme adsorbent 788:796 arg1 area 690:693 high surface area 677:693 high surface area 677:693 This is because of high surface area, multifunctional chelating H-bonding interactions and electrostatic interactions of cationic adsorbent with anionic dyes. 26348145 5 30 theme adsorbent 788:796 arg1 interactions 732:743 multifunctional chelating H-bonding interactions 696:743 multifunctional chelating H-bonding interactions 696:743 This is because of high surface area, multifunctional chelating H-bonding interactions and electrostatic interactions of cationic adsorbent with anionic dyes. 26348145 5 30 theme adsorbent 788:796 arg1 interactions 763:774 electrostatic interactions 749:774 electrostatic interactions of cationic adsorbent with anionic dyes 749:814 This is because of high surface area, multifunctional chelating H-bonding interactions and electrostatic interactions of cationic adsorbent with anionic dyes. 26348145 5 31 with interactions 732:743 arg1 dyes 811:814 anionic dyes 803:814 anionic dyes 803:814 This is because of high surface area, multifunctional chelating H-bonding interactions and electrostatic interactions of cationic adsorbent with anionic dyes. 26348145 1 32 theme incorporated 216:227 arg1 cat-GG/SiO2 238:248 cat-GG/SiO2 238:248 cat-GG/SiO2 238:248 A novel nanocomposite derived from cationically modified guar gum and in-situ incorporated SiO2 NP (cat-GG/SiO2) has been developed. 26348145 1 32 theme incorporated 216:227 arg1 NP 234:235 in-situ incorporated SiO2 NP 208:235 in-situ incorporated SiO2 NP (cat-GG/SiO2) 208:249 A novel nanocomposite derived from cationically modified guar gum and in-situ incorporated SiO2 NP (cat-GG/SiO2) has been developed. 26348145 4 33 theme adsorption 499:508 arg1 studies 510:516 Dye adsorption studies 495:516 Dye adsorption studies 495:516 Dye adsorption studies predict that cat-GG/SiO2 efficiently and selectively adsorb anionic dyes (reactive blue-RB and Congo red-CR) from mixture of dye solutions. 26348145 5 34 theme anionic 803:809 arg1 dyes 811:814 anionic dyes 803:814 anionic dyes 803:814 This is because of high surface area, multifunctional chelating H-bonding interactions and electrostatic interactions of cationic adsorbent with anionic dyes. 26348145 5 35 theme electrostatic 749:761 arg1 area 690:693 high surface area 677:693 high surface area 677:693 This is because of high surface area, multifunctional chelating H-bonding interactions and electrostatic interactions of cationic adsorbent with anionic dyes. 26348145 5 35 theme electrostatic 749:761 arg1 interactions 763:774 electrostatic interactions 749:774 electrostatic interactions of cationic adsorbent with anionic dyes 749:814 This is because of high surface area, multifunctional chelating H-bonding interactions and electrostatic interactions of cationic adsorbent with anionic dyes. 26348145 3 36 theme Various 372:378 arg1 analyses 380:387 Various analyses 372:387 Various analyses 372:387 Various analyses endorse the suitability of cat-GG as well-organized template for the development of homogeneous SiO2 NPs. 26348145 5 37 theme high 677:680 arg1 interactions 763:774 electrostatic interactions 749:774 electrostatic interactions of cationic adsorbent with anionic dyes 749:814 This is because of high surface area, multifunctional chelating H-bonding interactions and electrostatic interactions of cationic adsorbent with anionic dyes. 26348145 5 37 theme high 677:680 arg1 interactions 732:743 multifunctional chelating H-bonding interactions 696:743 multifunctional chelating H-bonding interactions 696:743 This is because of high surface area, multifunctional chelating H-bonding interactions and electrostatic interactions of cationic adsorbent with anionic dyes. 26348145 5 37 theme high 677:680 arg1 area 690:693 high surface area 677:693 high surface area 677:693 This is because of high surface area, multifunctional chelating H-bonding interactions and electrostatic interactions of cationic adsorbent with anionic dyes. 26348145 0 38 attach derived 68:74 arg1 nanoparticles 123:135 cationically modified guar gum and silica nanoparticles 81:135 cationically modified guar gum and silica nanoparticles 81:135 Selective removal of toxic anionic dyes using a novel nanocomposite derived from cationically modified guar gum and silica nanoparticles. 26348145 0 38 attach derived 68:74 arg2 nanocomposite 54:66 a novel nanocomposite 46:66 a novel nanocomposite derived from cationically modified guar gum and silica nanoparticles 46:135 Selective removal of toxic anionic dyes using a novel nanocomposite derived from cationically modified guar gum and silica nanoparticles. 26348145 3 39 theme homogeneous 473:483 arg1 NPs 490:492 homogeneous SiO2 NPs 473:492 homogeneous SiO2 NPs 473:492 Various analyses endorse the suitability of cat-GG as well-organized template for the development of homogeneous SiO2 NPs. 26348145 7 40 theme adsorption-desorption 1023:1043 arg1 cycles 1045:1050 4 adsorption-desorption cycles 1021:1050 4 adsorption-desorption cycles 1021:1050 Besides, cat-GG/SiO2 has been recycled efficiently with no prominent loss of dye uptake capacity, even after 4 adsorption-desorption cycles. 26348145 6 41 theme composite 838:846 arg1 surface 848:854 the composite surface 834:854 the composite surface 834:854 Dyes adsorbed on the composite surface are desorbed reversibly using pH 10 stripping solution. 26348145 5 42 with interactions 763:774 arg1 dyes 811:814 anionic dyes 803:814 anionic dyes 803:814 This is because of high surface area, multifunctional chelating H-bonding interactions and electrostatic interactions of cationic adsorbent with anionic dyes. 26348145 1 43 theme SiO2 229:232 arg1 cat-GG/SiO2 238:248 cat-GG/SiO2 238:248 cat-GG/SiO2 238:248 A novel nanocomposite derived from cationically modified guar gum and in-situ incorporated SiO2 NP (cat-GG/SiO2) has been developed. 26348145 1 43 theme SiO2 229:232 arg1 NP 234:235 in-situ incorporated SiO2 NP 208:235 in-situ incorporated SiO2 NP (cat-GG/SiO2) 208:249 A novel nanocomposite derived from cationically modified guar gum and in-situ incorporated SiO2 NP (cat-GG/SiO2) has been developed. 26348145 7 44 theme uptake 993:998 arg1 capacity 1000:1007 dye uptake capacity 989:1007 dye uptake capacity 989:1007 Besides, cat-GG/SiO2 has been recycled efficiently with no prominent loss of dye uptake capacity, even after 4 adsorption-desorption cycles. 26348145 4 45 theme reactive 592:599 arg1 dyes 586:589 anionic dyes 578:589 anionic dyes (reactive blue-RB and Congo red-CR) 578:625 Dye adsorption studies predict that cat-GG/SiO2 efficiently and selectively adsorb anionic dyes (reactive blue-RB and Congo red-CR) from mixture of dye solutions. 26348145 4 45 theme reactive 592:599 arg1 blue-RB 601:607 reactive blue-RB 592:607 reactive blue-RB 592:607 Dye adsorption studies predict that cat-GG/SiO2 efficiently and selectively adsorb anionic dyes (reactive blue-RB and Congo red-CR) from mixture of dye solutions. 26348145 3 46 theme well-organized 426:439 arg1 template 441:448 well-organized template 426:448 well-organized template for the development of homogeneous SiO2 NPs 426:492 Various analyses endorse the suitability of cat-GG as well-organized template for the development of homogeneous SiO2 NPs. 26348145 7 47 theme capacity 1000:1007 arg1 loss 981:984 no prominent loss 968:984 no prominent loss of dye uptake capacity 968:1007 Besides, cat-GG/SiO2 has been recycled efficiently with no prominent loss of dye uptake capacity, even after 4 adsorption-desorption cycles. 26348145 4 48 theme Congo 613:617 arg1 dyes 586:589 anionic dyes 578:589 anionic dyes (reactive blue-RB and Congo red-CR) 578:625 Dye adsorption studies predict that cat-GG/SiO2 efficiently and selectively adsorb anionic dyes (reactive blue-RB and Congo red-CR) from mixture of dye solutions. 26348145 4 48 theme Congo 613:617 arg1 red-CR 619:624 Congo red-CR 613:624 Congo red-CR 613:624 Dye adsorption studies predict that cat-GG/SiO2 efficiently and selectively adsorb anionic dyes (reactive blue-RB and Congo red-CR) from mixture of dye solutions. 26348145 0 49 theme novel 48:52 arg1 nanocomposite 54:66 a novel nanocomposite 46:66 a novel nanocomposite derived from cationically modified guar gum and silica nanoparticles 46:135 Selective removal of toxic anionic dyes using a novel nanocomposite derived from cationically modified guar gum and silica nanoparticles. 26348145 1 50 theme novel 140:144 arg1 nanocomposite 146:158 A novel nanocomposite 138:158 A novel nanocomposite derived from cationically modified guar gum and in-situ incorporated SiO2 NP (cat-GG/SiO2) 138:249 A novel nanocomposite derived from cationically modified guar gum and in-situ incorporated SiO2 NP (cat-GG/SiO2) has been developed. 26348145 5 51 theme H-bonding 722:730 arg1 interactions 732:743 multifunctional chelating H-bonding interactions 696:743 multifunctional chelating H-bonding interactions 696:743 This is because of high surface area, multifunctional chelating H-bonding interactions and electrostatic interactions of cationic adsorbent with anionic dyes. 26348145 5 51 theme H-bonding 722:730 arg1 area 690:693 high surface area 677:693 high surface area 677:693 This is because of high surface area, multifunctional chelating H-bonding interactions and electrostatic interactions of cationic adsorbent with anionic dyes. 24827706 12 0 theme novel 1236:1240 arg1 isolate 1242:1248 the novel isolate 1232:1248 the novel isolate 1232:1248 nov., are proposed based on phylogenetic analysis and physiological properties of the novel isolate. 24827706 2 1 theme western 296:302 arg1 region 288:293 Tomsk region 282:293 Tomsk region (western Siberia, Russia) 282:319 A novel strictly anaerobic, halotolerant, organotrophic bacterium, strain P3M-3(T), was isolated from a microbial mat formed under the flow of hot water emerging from a 2775 m-deep well in Tomsk region (western Siberia, Russia). 24827706 2 1 theme western 296:302 arg1 Siberia 304:310 western Siberia 296:310 western Siberia 296:310 A novel strictly anaerobic, halotolerant, organotrophic bacterium, strain P3M-3(T), was isolated from a microbial mat formed under the flow of hot water emerging from a 2775 m-deep well in Tomsk region (western Siberia, Russia). 24827706 9 2 theme gene-based 814:823 arg1 analysis 838:845 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis 805:845 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis 805:845 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis showed that strain P3M-3(T) was a member of family Lachnospiraceae, whose representatives are also found in Clostridium cluster XIVa. 24827706 5 3 theme optimum 524:530 arg1 conditions 539:548 optimum growth conditions 524:548 optimum growth conditions 524:548 Under optimum growth conditions, the doubling time was 1 h. 24827706 2 4 theme anaerobic 110:118 arg1 bacterium 149:157 A novel strictly anaerobic, halotolerant, organotrophic bacterium 93:157 A novel strictly anaerobic, halotolerant, organotrophic bacterium 93:157 A novel strictly anaerobic, halotolerant, organotrophic bacterium, strain P3M-3(T), was isolated from a microbial mat formed under the flow of hot water emerging from a 2775 m-deep well in Tomsk region (western Siberia, Russia). 24827706 2 4 theme anaerobic 110:118 arg1 P3M-3 167:171 strain P3M-3 160:171 strain P3M-3(T) 160:174 A novel strictly anaerobic, halotolerant, organotrophic bacterium, strain P3M-3(T), was isolated from a microbial mat formed under the flow of hot water emerging from a 2775 m-deep well in Tomsk region (western Siberia, Russia). 24827706 8 5 theme mol 799:801 arg1 content 782:788 The DNA G+C content 770:788 The DNA G+C content 770:788 The DNA G+C content was 33.4 mol%. 24827706 8 5 theme mol 799:801 arg1 % 802:802 33.4 mol% 794:802 33.4 mol% 794:802 The DNA G+C content was 33.4 mol%. 24827706 9 6 theme phylogenetic 825:836 arg1 analysis 838:845 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis 805:845 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis 805:845 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis showed that strain P3M-3(T) was a member of family Lachnospiraceae, whose representatives are also found in Clostridium cluster XIVa. 24827706 12 7 theme isolate 1242:1248 arg1 analysis 1191:1198 phylogenetic analysis 1178:1198 phylogenetic analysis 1178:1198 nov., are proposed based on phylogenetic analysis and physiological properties of the novel isolate. 24827706 12 7 theme isolate 1242:1248 arg1 properties 1218:1227 physiological properties 1204:1227 physiological properties 1204:1227 nov., are proposed based on phylogenetic analysis and physiological properties of the novel isolate. 24827706 10 8 theme Clostridium 1020:1030 arg1 T 1050:1050 T 1050:1050 T 1050:1050 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Clostridium jejuense HY-35-12(T), the closest relative, was 93.9%. 24827706 10 8 theme Clostridium 1020:1030 arg1 HY-35-12 1041:1048 Clostridium jejuense HY-35-12 1020:1048 Clostridium jejuense HY-35-12(T) 1020:1051 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Clostridium jejuense HY-35-12(T), the closest relative, was 93.9%. 24827706 10 8 theme Clostridium 1020:1030 arg1 relative 1066:1073 the closest relative 1054:1073 the closest relative 1054:1073 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Clostridium jejuense HY-35-12(T), the closest relative, was 93.9%. 24827706 8 9 theme G+C 778:780 arg1 content 782:788 The DNA G+C content 770:788 The DNA G+C content 770:788 The DNA G+C content was 33.4 mol%. 24827706 8 9 theme G+C 778:780 arg1 % 802:802 33.4 mol% 794:802 33.4 mol% 794:802 The DNA G+C content was 33.4 mol%. 24827706 2 10 from well 274:277 arg1 region 288:293 Tomsk region 282:293 Tomsk region (western Siberia, Russia) 282:319 A novel strictly anaerobic, halotolerant, organotrophic bacterium, strain P3M-3(T), was isolated from a microbial mat formed under the flow of hot water emerging from a 2775 m-deep well in Tomsk region (western Siberia, Russia). 24827706 2 10 from well 274:277 arg1 Siberia 304:310 western Siberia 296:310 western Siberia 296:310 A novel strictly anaerobic, halotolerant, organotrophic bacterium, strain P3M-3(T), was isolated from a microbial mat formed under the flow of hot water emerging from a 2775 m-deep well in Tomsk region (western Siberia, Russia). 24827706 13 11 theme species 1279:1285 arg1 P3M-3 1290:1294 P3M-3 1290:1294 P3M-3(T) ( = DSM 26468(T) = VKM B-2804(T)) 1290:1331 The type strain of the type species is P3M-3(T) ( = DSM 26468(T) = VKM B-2804(T)). 24827706 13 11 theme species 1279:1285 arg1 strain 1260:1265 The type strain 1251:1265 The type strain of the type species 1251:1285 The type strain of the type species is P3M-3(T) ( = DSM 26468(T) = VKM B-2804(T)). 24827706 3 12 from µm 409:410 arg1 length 415:420 length 415:420 length 415:420 Cells of strain P3M-3(T) were straight and curved rods, 0.2-0.4 µm in width and 1.5-20 µm in length. 24827706 3 12 from µm 409:410 arg1 width 392:396 width 392:396 width 392:396 Cells of strain P3M-3(T) were straight and curved rods, 0.2-0.4 µm in width and 1.5-20 µm in length. 24827706 2 13 theme water 240:244 arg1 flow 228:231 the flow 224:231 the flow of hot water emerging from a 2775 m-deep well in Tomsk region (western Siberia, Russia) 224:319 A novel strictly anaerobic, halotolerant, organotrophic bacterium, strain P3M-3(T), was isolated from a microbial mat formed under the flow of hot water emerging from a 2775 m-deep well in Tomsk region (western Siberia, Russia). 24827706 5 14 theme doubling 555:562 arg1 time 564:567 the doubling time 551:567 the doubling time 551:567 Under optimum growth conditions, the doubling time was 1 h. 24827706 5 14 theme doubling 555:562 arg1 h 575:575 1 h 573:575 1 h 573:575 Under optimum growth conditions, the doubling time was 1 h. 24827706 9 15 theme family 891:896 arg1 Lachnospiraceae 898:912 family Lachnospiraceae 891:912 family Lachnospiraceae 891:912 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis showed that strain P3M-3(T) was a member of family Lachnospiraceae, whose representatives are also found in Clostridium cluster XIVa. 24827706 1 16 theme halotolerant 44:55 arg1 bacterium 82:90 a halotolerant polysaccharide-degrading bacterium 42:90 a halotolerant polysaccharide-degrading bacterium 42:90 nov., a halotolerant polysaccharide-degrading bacterium. 24827706 1 16 theme halotolerant 44:55 arg1 nov. 36:39 nov. 36:39 nov. 36:39 nov., a halotolerant polysaccharide-degrading bacterium. 24827706 11 17 theme gen. 1135:1138 arg1 nov. 1140:1143 Mobilitalea sibirica gen. nov. 1114:1143 Mobilitalea sibirica gen. nov. 1114:1143 A novel genus and species, Mobilitalea sibirica gen. nov., sp. 24827706 11 17 theme gen. 1135:1138 arg1 genus 1095:1099 A novel genus 1087:1099 A novel genus 1087:1099 A novel genus and species, Mobilitalea sibirica gen. nov., sp. 24827706 9 18 theme cluster 967:973 arg1 XIVa 975:978 Clostridium cluster XIVa 955:978 Clostridium cluster XIVa 955:978 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis showed that strain P3M-3(T) was a member of family Lachnospiraceae, whose representatives are also found in Clostridium cluster XIVa. 24827706 9 19 theme Clostridium 955:965 arg1 XIVa 975:978 Clostridium cluster XIVa 955:978 Clostridium cluster XIVa 955:978 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis showed that strain P3M-3(T) was a member of family Lachnospiraceae, whose representatives are also found in Clostridium cluster XIVa. 24827706 1 20 theme polysaccharide-degrading 57:80 arg1 bacterium 82:90 a halotolerant polysaccharide-degrading bacterium 42:90 a halotolerant polysaccharide-degrading bacterium 42:90 nov., a halotolerant polysaccharide-degrading bacterium. 24827706 1 20 theme polysaccharide-degrading 57:80 arg1 nov. 36:39 nov. 36:39 nov. 36:39 nov., a halotolerant polysaccharide-degrading bacterium. 24827706 9 21 theme strain 859:864 arg1 T 872:872 T 872:872 T 872:872 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis showed that strain P3M-3(T) was a member of family Lachnospiraceae, whose representatives are also found in Clostridium cluster XIVa. 24827706 9 21 theme strain 859:864 arg1 P3M-3 866:870 strain P3M-3 859:870 strain P3M-3(T) 859:873 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis showed that strain P3M-3(T) was a member of family Lachnospiraceae, whose representatives are also found in Clostridium cluster XIVa. 24827706 9 21 theme strain 859:864 arg1 member 881:886 a member 879:886 a member 879:886 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis showed that strain P3M-3(T) was a member of family Lachnospiraceae, whose representatives are also found in Clostridium cluster XIVa. 24827706 2 22 attach isolated 181:188 arg2 bacterium 149:157 A novel strictly anaerobic, halotolerant, organotrophic bacterium 93:157 A novel strictly anaerobic, halotolerant, organotrophic bacterium 93:157 A novel strictly anaerobic, halotolerant, organotrophic bacterium, strain P3M-3(T), was isolated from a microbial mat formed under the flow of hot water emerging from a 2775 m-deep well in Tomsk region (western Siberia, Russia). 24827706 2 22 attach isolated 181:188 arg2 P3M-3 167:171 strain P3M-3 160:171 strain P3M-3(T) 160:174 A novel strictly anaerobic, halotolerant, organotrophic bacterium, strain P3M-3(T), was isolated from a microbial mat formed under the flow of hot water emerging from a 2775 m-deep well in Tomsk region (western Siberia, Russia). 24827706 2 22 attach isolated 181:188 arg1 mat 207:209 a microbial mat 195:209 a microbial mat formed under the flow of hot water emerging from a 2775 m-deep well in Tomsk region (western Siberia, Russia) 195:319 A novel strictly anaerobic, halotolerant, organotrophic bacterium, strain P3M-3(T), was isolated from a microbial mat formed under the flow of hot water emerging from a 2775 m-deep well in Tomsk region (western Siberia, Russia). 24827706 0 23 theme sibirica 12:19 arg1 nov. 26:29 Mobilitalea sibirica gen. nov. 0:29 Mobilitalea sibirica gen. nov. 0:29 Mobilitalea sibirica gen. nov., sp. 24827706 6 24 theme microcrystalline 665:680 arg1 cellulose 682:690 microcrystalline cellulose 665:690 microcrystalline cellulose 665:690 The isolate was able to ferment a variety of mono-, di- and polysaccharides, including microcrystalline cellulose. 24827706 3 25 from µm 386:387 arg1 length 415:420 length 415:420 length 415:420 Cells of strain P3M-3(T) were straight and curved rods, 0.2-0.4 µm in width and 1.5-20 µm in length. 24827706 3 25 from µm 386:387 arg1 width 392:396 width 392:396 width 392:396 Cells of strain P3M-3(T) were straight and curved rods, 0.2-0.4 µm in width and 1.5-20 µm in length. 24827706 2 26 theme m-deep 267:272 arg1 well 274:277 a 2775 m-deep well 260:277 a 2775 m-deep well in Tomsk region (western Siberia, Russia) 260:319 A novel strictly anaerobic, halotolerant, organotrophic bacterium, strain P3M-3(T), was isolated from a microbial mat formed under the flow of hot water emerging from a 2775 m-deep well in Tomsk region (western Siberia, Russia). 24827706 4 27 theme l 511:511 arg1 concentration 489:501 a NaCl concentration 482:501 a NaCl concentration of 15 g l(-1) 482:515 Strain P3M-3(T) grew optimally at 37 °C, pH 7.0-7.5 and in a NaCl concentration of 15 g l(-1). 24827706 0 28 theme Mobilitalea 0:10 arg1 nov. 26:29 Mobilitalea sibirica gen. nov. 0:29 Mobilitalea sibirica gen. nov. 0:29 Mobilitalea sibirica gen. nov., sp. 24827706 2 29 theme 2775 262:265 arg1 well 274:277 a 2775 m-deep well 260:277 a 2775 m-deep well in Tomsk region (western Siberia, Russia) 260:319 A novel strictly anaerobic, halotolerant, organotrophic bacterium, strain P3M-3(T), was isolated from a microbial mat formed under the flow of hot water emerging from a 2775 m-deep well in Tomsk region (western Siberia, Russia). 24827706 11 30 theme sibirica 1126:1133 arg1 nov. 1140:1143 Mobilitalea sibirica gen. nov. 1114:1143 Mobilitalea sibirica gen. nov. 1114:1143 A novel genus and species, Mobilitalea sibirica gen. nov., sp. 24827706 11 30 theme sibirica 1126:1133 arg1 genus 1095:1099 A novel genus 1087:1099 A novel genus 1087:1099 A novel genus and species, Mobilitalea sibirica gen. nov., sp. 24827706 4 31 theme g 509:509 arg1 -1 513:514 -1 513:514 -1 513:514 Strain P3M-3(T) grew optimally at 37 °C, pH 7.0-7.5 and in a NaCl concentration of 15 g l(-1). 24827706 4 31 theme g 509:509 arg1 l 511:511 15 g l 506:511 15 g l(-1) 506:515 Strain P3M-3(T) grew optimally at 37 °C, pH 7.0-7.5 and in a NaCl concentration of 15 g l(-1). 24827706 7 32 theme main 731:734 arg1 products 736:743 the main products 727:743 the main products of glucose fermentation 727:767 Acetate, ethanol, H2 and CO2 were the main products of glucose fermentation. 24827706 7 32 theme main 731:734 arg1 CO2 718:720 CO2 718:720 CO2 718:720 Acetate, ethanol, H2 and CO2 were the main products of glucose fermentation. 24827706 7 32 theme main 731:734 arg1 Acetate 693:699 Acetate 693:699 Acetate 693:699 Acetate, ethanol, H2 and CO2 were the main products of glucose fermentation. 24827706 7 32 theme main 731:734 arg1 H2 711:712 H2 711:712 H2 711:712 Acetate, ethanol, H2 and CO2 were the main products of glucose fermentation. 24827706 7 32 theme main 731:734 arg1 ethanol 702:708 ethanol 702:708 ethanol 702:708 Acetate, ethanol, H2 and CO2 were the main products of glucose fermentation. 24827706 13 33 theme  = VKM 1315:1320 arg1 B-2804 1322:1327  = DSM 26468(T) = VKM B-2804 1300:1327  = DSM 26468(T) = VKM B-2804(T) 1300:1330 The type strain of the type species is P3M-3(T) ( = DSM 26468(T) = VKM B-2804(T)). 24827706 13 33 theme  = VKM 1315:1320 arg1 T 1329:1329 T 1329:1329 T 1329:1329 The type strain of the type species is P3M-3(T) ( = DSM 26468(T) = VKM B-2804(T)). 24827706 10 34 theme closest 1058:1064 arg1 HY-35-12 1041:1048 Clostridium jejuense HY-35-12 1020:1048 Clostridium jejuense HY-35-12(T) 1020:1051 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Clostridium jejuense HY-35-12(T), the closest relative, was 93.9%. 24827706 10 34 theme closest 1058:1064 arg1 relative 1066:1073 the closest relative 1054:1073 the closest relative 1054:1073 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Clostridium jejuense HY-35-12(T), the closest relative, was 93.9%. 24827706 0 35 theme gen. 21:24 arg1 nov. 26:29 Mobilitalea sibirica gen. nov. 0:29 Mobilitalea sibirica gen. nov. 0:29 Mobilitalea sibirica gen. nov., sp. 24827706 2 36 theme hot 236:238 arg1 water 240:244 hot water 236:244 hot water emerging from a 2775 m-deep well in Tomsk region (western Siberia, Russia) 236:319 A novel strictly anaerobic, halotolerant, organotrophic bacterium, strain P3M-3(T), was isolated from a microbial mat formed under the flow of hot water emerging from a 2775 m-deep well in Tomsk region (western Siberia, Russia). 24827706 3 37 theme P3M-3 338:342 arg1 Cells 322:326 Cells 322:326 Cells of strain P3M-3(T) 322:345 Cells of strain P3M-3(T) were straight and curved rods, 0.2-0.4 µm in width and 1.5-20 µm in length. 24827706 12 38 theme physiological 1204:1216 arg1 properties 1218:1227 physiological properties 1204:1227 physiological properties 1204:1227 nov., are proposed based on phylogenetic analysis and physiological properties of the novel isolate. 24827706 5 39 theme growth 532:537 arg1 conditions 539:548 optimum growth conditions 524:548 optimum growth conditions 524:548 Under optimum growth conditions, the doubling time was 1 h. 24827706 10 40 theme 16S 981:983 arg1 similarity 1004:1013 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 981:1013 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Clostridium jejuense HY-35-12(T), the closest relative, 981:1074 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Clostridium jejuense HY-35-12(T), the closest relative, was 93.9%. 24827706 2 41 theme novel 95:99 arg1 bacterium 149:157 A novel strictly anaerobic, halotolerant, organotrophic bacterium 93:157 A novel strictly anaerobic, halotolerant, organotrophic bacterium 93:157 A novel strictly anaerobic, halotolerant, organotrophic bacterium, strain P3M-3(T), was isolated from a microbial mat formed under the flow of hot water emerging from a 2775 m-deep well in Tomsk region (western Siberia, Russia). 24827706 2 41 theme novel 95:99 arg1 P3M-3 167:171 strain P3M-3 160:171 strain P3M-3(T) 160:174 A novel strictly anaerobic, halotolerant, organotrophic bacterium, strain P3M-3(T), was isolated from a microbial mat formed under the flow of hot water emerging from a 2775 m-deep well in Tomsk region (western Siberia, Russia). 24827706 6 42 theme polysaccharides 638:652 arg1 polysaccharides 638:652 polysaccharides 638:652 polysaccharides 638:652 The isolate was able to ferment a variety of mono-, di- and polysaccharides, including microcrystalline cellulose. 24827706 6 42 theme polysaccharides 638:652 arg1 di- 630:632 di- 630:632 di- 630:632 The isolate was able to ferment a variety of mono-, di- and polysaccharides, including microcrystalline cellulose. 24827706 6 42 theme polysaccharides 638:652 arg1 cellulose 682:690 microcrystalline cellulose 665:690 microcrystalline cellulose 665:690 The isolate was able to ferment a variety of mono-, di- and polysaccharides, including microcrystalline cellulose. 24827706 6 42 theme polysaccharides 638:652 arg1 mono- 623:627 mono- 623:627 mono- 623:627 The isolate was able to ferment a variety of mono-, di- and polysaccharides, including microcrystalline cellulose. 24827706 6 42 theme polysaccharides 638:652 arg1 variety 612:618 a variety 610:618 a variety 610:618 The isolate was able to ferment a variety of mono-, di- and polysaccharides, including microcrystalline cellulose. 24827706 2 43 theme microbial 197:205 arg1 mat 207:209 a microbial mat 195:209 a microbial mat formed under the flow of hot water emerging from a 2775 m-deep well in Tomsk region (western Siberia, Russia) 195:319 A novel strictly anaerobic, halotolerant, organotrophic bacterium, strain P3M-3(T), was isolated from a microbial mat formed under the flow of hot water emerging from a 2775 m-deep well in Tomsk region (western Siberia, Russia). 24827706 11 44 dep sp 1146:1147 arg1 nov. 1140:1143 Mobilitalea sibirica gen. nov. 1114:1143 Mobilitalea sibirica gen. nov. 1114:1143 A novel genus and species, Mobilitalea sibirica gen. nov., sp. 24827706 11 44 dep sp 1146:1147 arg1 species 1105:1111 species 1105:1111 species 1105:1111 A novel genus and species, Mobilitalea sibirica gen. nov., sp. 24827706 11 44 dep sp 1146:1147 arg1 genus 1095:1099 A novel genus 1087:1099 A novel genus 1087:1099 A novel genus and species, Mobilitalea sibirica gen. nov., sp. 24827706 4 45 theme NaCl 484:487 arg1 concentration 489:501 a NaCl concentration 482:501 a NaCl concentration of 15 g l(-1) 482:515 Strain P3M-3(T) grew optimally at 37 °C, pH 7.0-7.5 and in a NaCl concentration of 15 g l(-1). 24827706 11 46 theme novel 1089:1093 arg1 nov. 1140:1143 Mobilitalea sibirica gen. nov. 1114:1143 Mobilitalea sibirica gen. nov. 1114:1143 A novel genus and species, Mobilitalea sibirica gen. nov., sp. 24827706 11 46 theme novel 1089:1093 arg1 genus 1095:1099 A novel genus 1087:1099 A novel genus 1087:1099 A novel genus and species, Mobilitalea sibirica gen. nov., sp. 24827706 2 47 dep anaerobic 110:118 arg1 organotrophic 135:147 organotrophic 135:147 organotrophic 135:147 A novel strictly anaerobic, halotolerant, organotrophic bacterium, strain P3M-3(T), was isolated from a microbial mat formed under the flow of hot water emerging from a 2775 m-deep well in Tomsk region (western Siberia, Russia). 24827706 2 47 dep anaerobic 110:118 arg1 halotolerant 121:132 halotolerant 121:132 halotolerant 121:132 A novel strictly anaerobic, halotolerant, organotrophic bacterium, strain P3M-3(T), was isolated from a microbial mat formed under the flow of hot water emerging from a 2775 m-deep well in Tomsk region (western Siberia, Russia). 24827706 2 48 theme strain 160:165 arg1 T 173:173 T 173:173 T 173:173 A novel strictly anaerobic, halotolerant, organotrophic bacterium, strain P3M-3(T), was isolated from a microbial mat formed under the flow of hot water emerging from a 2775 m-deep well in Tomsk region (western Siberia, Russia). 24827706 2 48 theme strain 160:165 arg1 bacterium 149:157 A novel strictly anaerobic, halotolerant, organotrophic bacterium 93:157 A novel strictly anaerobic, halotolerant, organotrophic bacterium 93:157 A novel strictly anaerobic, halotolerant, organotrophic bacterium, strain P3M-3(T), was isolated from a microbial mat formed under the flow of hot water emerging from a 2775 m-deep well in Tomsk region (western Siberia, Russia). 24827706 2 48 theme strain 160:165 arg1 P3M-3 167:171 strain P3M-3 160:171 strain P3M-3(T) 160:174 A novel strictly anaerobic, halotolerant, organotrophic bacterium, strain P3M-3(T), was isolated from a microbial mat formed under the flow of hot water emerging from a 2775 m-deep well in Tomsk region (western Siberia, Russia). 24827706 0 49 dep sp 32:33 arg1 nov. 26:29 Mobilitalea sibirica gen. nov. 0:29 Mobilitalea sibirica gen. nov. 0:29 Mobilitalea sibirica gen. nov., sp. 24827706 3 50 theme strain 331:336 arg1 T 344:344 T 344:344 T 344:344 Cells of strain P3M-3(T) were straight and curved rods, 0.2-0.4 µm in width and 1.5-20 µm in length. 24827706 3 50 theme strain 331:336 arg1 P3M-3 338:342 strain P3M-3 331:342 strain P3M-3(T) 331:345 Cells of strain P3M-3(T) were straight and curved rods, 0.2-0.4 µm in width and 1.5-20 µm in length. 24827706 10 51 with similarity 1004:1013 arg1 T 1050:1050 T 1050:1050 T 1050:1050 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Clostridium jejuense HY-35-12(T), the closest relative, was 93.9%. 24827706 10 51 with similarity 1004:1013 arg1 HY-35-12 1041:1048 Clostridium jejuense HY-35-12 1020:1048 Clostridium jejuense HY-35-12(T) 1020:1051 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Clostridium jejuense HY-35-12(T), the closest relative, was 93.9%. 24827706 10 51 with similarity 1004:1013 arg1 relative 1066:1073 the closest relative 1054:1073 the closest relative 1054:1073 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Clostridium jejuense HY-35-12(T), the closest relative, was 93.9%. 24827706 6 52 theme di- 630:632 arg1 polysaccharides 638:652 polysaccharides 638:652 polysaccharides 638:652 The isolate was able to ferment a variety of mono-, di- and polysaccharides, including microcrystalline cellulose. 24827706 6 52 theme di- 630:632 arg1 di- 630:632 di- 630:632 di- 630:632 The isolate was able to ferment a variety of mono-, di- and polysaccharides, including microcrystalline cellulose. 24827706 6 52 theme di- 630:632 arg1 cellulose 682:690 microcrystalline cellulose 665:690 microcrystalline cellulose 665:690 The isolate was able to ferment a variety of mono-, di- and polysaccharides, including microcrystalline cellulose. 24827706 6 52 theme di- 630:632 arg1 mono- 623:627 mono- 623:627 mono- 623:627 The isolate was able to ferment a variety of mono-, di- and polysaccharides, including microcrystalline cellulose. 24827706 6 52 theme di- 630:632 arg1 variety 612:618 a variety 610:618 a variety 610:618 The isolate was able to ferment a variety of mono-, di- and polysaccharides, including microcrystalline cellulose. 24827706 13 53 theme type 1274:1277 arg1 species 1279:1285 the type species 1270:1285 the type species 1270:1285 The type strain of the type species is P3M-3(T) ( = DSM 26468(T) = VKM B-2804(T)). 24827706 3 54 from rods 372:375 arg1 length 415:420 length 415:420 length 415:420 Cells of strain P3M-3(T) were straight and curved rods, 0.2-0.4 µm in width and 1.5-20 µm in length. 24827706 3 54 from rods 372:375 arg1 width 392:396 width 392:396 width 392:396 Cells of strain P3M-3(T) were straight and curved rods, 0.2-0.4 µm in width and 1.5-20 µm in length. 24827706 2 55 theme Tomsk 282:286 arg1 region 288:293 Tomsk region 282:293 Tomsk region (western Siberia, Russia) 282:319 A novel strictly anaerobic, halotolerant, organotrophic bacterium, strain P3M-3(T), was isolated from a microbial mat formed under the flow of hot water emerging from a 2775 m-deep well in Tomsk region (western Siberia, Russia). 24827706 2 55 theme Tomsk 282:286 arg1 Siberia 304:310 western Siberia 296:310 western Siberia 296:310 A novel strictly anaerobic, halotolerant, organotrophic bacterium, strain P3M-3(T), was isolated from a microbial mat formed under the flow of hot water emerging from a 2775 m-deep well in Tomsk region (western Siberia, Russia). 24827706 10 56 theme sequence 995:1002 arg1 similarity 1004:1013 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 981:1013 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Clostridium jejuense HY-35-12(T), the closest relative, 981:1074 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Clostridium jejuense HY-35-12(T), the closest relative, was 93.9%. 24827706 4 57 theme Strain 423:428 arg1 T 436:436 T 436:436 T 436:436 Strain P3M-3(T) grew optimally at 37 °C, pH 7.0-7.5 and in a NaCl concentration of 15 g l(-1). 24827706 4 57 theme Strain 423:428 arg1 P3M-3 430:434 Strain P3M-3 423:434 Strain P3M-3(T) 423:437 Strain P3M-3(T) grew optimally at 37 °C, pH 7.0-7.5 and in a NaCl concentration of 15 g l(-1). 24827706 12 58 theme phylogenetic 1178:1189 arg1 analysis 1191:1198 phylogenetic analysis 1178:1198 phylogenetic analysis 1178:1198 nov., are proposed based on phylogenetic analysis and physiological properties of the novel isolate. 24827706 8 59 theme DNA 774:776 arg1 content 782:788 The DNA G+C content 770:788 The DNA G+C content 770:788 The DNA G+C content was 33.4 mol%. 24827706 8 59 theme DNA 774:776 arg1 % 802:802 33.4 mol% 794:802 33.4 mol% 794:802 The DNA G+C content was 33.4 mol%. 24827706 7 60 theme glucose 748:754 arg1 fermentation 756:767 glucose fermentation 748:767 glucose fermentation 748:767 Acetate, ethanol, H2 and CO2 were the main products of glucose fermentation. 24827706 10 61 theme gene 990:993 arg1 similarity 1004:1013 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 981:1013 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Clostridium jejuense HY-35-12(T), the closest relative, 981:1074 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Clostridium jejuense HY-35-12(T), the closest relative, was 93.9%. 24827706 2 62 dep Siberia 304:310 arg1 Russia 313:318 Russia 313:318 Russia 313:318 A novel strictly anaerobic, halotolerant, organotrophic bacterium, strain P3M-3(T), was isolated from a microbial mat formed under the flow of hot water emerging from a 2775 m-deep well in Tomsk region (western Siberia, Russia). 24827706 6 63 theme mono- 623:627 arg1 polysaccharides 638:652 polysaccharides 638:652 polysaccharides 638:652 The isolate was able to ferment a variety of mono-, di- and polysaccharides, including microcrystalline cellulose. 24827706 6 63 theme mono- 623:627 arg1 di- 630:632 di- 630:632 di- 630:632 The isolate was able to ferment a variety of mono-, di- and polysaccharides, including microcrystalline cellulose. 24827706 6 63 theme mono- 623:627 arg1 cellulose 682:690 microcrystalline cellulose 665:690 microcrystalline cellulose 665:690 The isolate was able to ferment a variety of mono-, di- and polysaccharides, including microcrystalline cellulose. 24827706 6 63 theme mono- 623:627 arg1 mono- 623:627 mono- 623:627 mono- 623:627 The isolate was able to ferment a variety of mono-, di- and polysaccharides, including microcrystalline cellulose. 24827706 6 63 theme mono- 623:627 arg1 variety 612:618 a variety 610:618 a variety 610:618 The isolate was able to ferment a variety of mono-, di- and polysaccharides, including microcrystalline cellulose. 24827706 9 64 theme Lachnospiraceae 898:912 arg1 P3M-3 866:870 strain P3M-3 859:870 strain P3M-3(T) 859:873 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis showed that strain P3M-3(T) was a member of family Lachnospiraceae, whose representatives are also found in Clostridium cluster XIVa. 24827706 9 64 theme Lachnospiraceae 898:912 arg1 member 881:886 a member 879:886 a member 879:886 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis showed that strain P3M-3(T) was a member of family Lachnospiraceae, whose representatives are also found in Clostridium cluster XIVa. 24827706 10 65 theme rRNA 985:988 arg1 similarity 1004:1013 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 981:1013 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Clostridium jejuense HY-35-12(T), the closest relative, 981:1074 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Clostridium jejuense HY-35-12(T), the closest relative, was 93.9%. 24827706 10 66 theme jejuense 1032:1039 arg1 T 1050:1050 T 1050:1050 T 1050:1050 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Clostridium jejuense HY-35-12(T), the closest relative, was 93.9%. 24827706 10 66 theme jejuense 1032:1039 arg1 HY-35-12 1041:1048 Clostridium jejuense HY-35-12 1020:1048 Clostridium jejuense HY-35-12(T) 1020:1051 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Clostridium jejuense HY-35-12(T), the closest relative, was 93.9%. 24827706 10 66 theme jejuense 1032:1039 arg1 relative 1066:1073 the closest relative 1054:1073 the closest relative 1054:1073 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Clostridium jejuense HY-35-12(T), the closest relative, was 93.9%. 24827706 13 67 dep P3M-3 1290:1294 arg1 B-2804 1322:1327  = DSM 26468(T) = VKM B-2804 1300:1327  = DSM 26468(T) = VKM B-2804(T) 1300:1330 The type strain of the type species is P3M-3(T) ( = DSM 26468(T) = VKM B-2804(T)). 24827706 13 67 dep P3M-3 1290:1294 arg1 T 1329:1329 T 1329:1329 T 1329:1329 The type strain of the type species is P3M-3(T) ( = DSM 26468(T) = VKM B-2804(T)). 24827706 9 68 theme 16S 805:807 arg1 analysis 838:845 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis 805:845 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis 805:845 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis showed that strain P3M-3(T) was a member of family Lachnospiraceae, whose representatives are also found in Clostridium cluster XIVa. 24827706 11 69 theme Mobilitalea 1114:1124 arg1 nov. 1140:1143 Mobilitalea sibirica gen. nov. 1114:1143 Mobilitalea sibirica gen. nov. 1114:1143 A novel genus and species, Mobilitalea sibirica gen. nov., sp. 24827706 11 69 theme Mobilitalea 1114:1124 arg1 genus 1095:1099 A novel genus 1087:1099 A novel genus 1087:1099 A novel genus and species, Mobilitalea sibirica gen. nov., sp. 24827706 13 70 theme type 1255:1258 arg1 P3M-3 1290:1294 P3M-3 1290:1294 P3M-3(T) ( = DSM 26468(T) = VKM B-2804(T)) 1290:1331 The type strain of the type species is P3M-3(T) ( = DSM 26468(T) = VKM B-2804(T)). 24827706 13 70 theme type 1255:1258 arg1 strain 1260:1265 The type strain 1251:1265 The type strain of the type species 1251:1285 The type strain of the type species is P3M-3(T) ( = DSM 26468(T) = VKM B-2804(T)). 24827706 7 71 theme fermentation 756:767 arg1 products 736:743 the main products 727:743 the main products of glucose fermentation 727:767 Acetate, ethanol, H2 and CO2 were the main products of glucose fermentation. 24827706 7 71 theme fermentation 756:767 arg1 CO2 718:720 CO2 718:720 CO2 718:720 Acetate, ethanol, H2 and CO2 were the main products of glucose fermentation. 24827706 7 71 theme fermentation 756:767 arg1 Acetate 693:699 Acetate 693:699 Acetate 693:699 Acetate, ethanol, H2 and CO2 were the main products of glucose fermentation. 24827706 7 71 theme fermentation 756:767 arg1 H2 711:712 H2 711:712 H2 711:712 Acetate, ethanol, H2 and CO2 were the main products of glucose fermentation. 24827706 7 71 theme fermentation 756:767 arg1 ethanol 702:708 ethanol 702:708 ethanol 702:708 Acetate, ethanol, H2 and CO2 were the main products of glucose fermentation. 24827706 9 72 theme rRNA 809:812 arg1 analysis 838:845 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis 805:845 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis 805:845 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis showed that strain P3M-3(T) was a member of family Lachnospiraceae, whose representatives are also found in Clostridium cluster XIVa. 24827706 9 73 located found 946:950 arg2 representatives 921:935 representatives 921:935 representatives 921:935 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis showed that strain P3M-3(T) was a member of family Lachnospiraceae, whose representatives are also found in Clostridium cluster XIVa. 24827706 9 73 located found 946:950 arg1 XIVa 975:978 Clostridium cluster XIVa 955:978 Clostridium cluster XIVa 955:978 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis showed that strain P3M-3(T) was a member of family Lachnospiraceae, whose representatives are also found in Clostridium cluster XIVa. 28082223 5 0 theme 0.75 1139:1142 arg1 % 1143:1143 % 1143:1143 % 1143:1143 In addition, the electron micrographs revealed the perfect distribution and dispersion of CNFs in the epoxy matrix for the 0.75% CNFs/epoxy nanocomposites, while the existence of voids and agglomerations were observed beyond 0.75% CNFs filler loadings. 28082223 2 1 dep morphological 470:482 arg1 microscope 503:512 scanning electron microscope 485:512 scanning electron microscope 485:512 The effect of CNFs loading on mechanical (tensile, impact and flexural), morphological (scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope) and structural (XRD and FTIR) properties of epoxy composites were investigated. 28082223 2 1 dep morphological 470:482 arg1 microscope 540:549 transmission electron microscope 518:549 transmission electron microscope 518:549 The effect of CNFs loading on mechanical (tensile, impact and flexural), morphological (scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope) and structural (XRD and FTIR) properties of epoxy composites were investigated. 28082223 4 2 theme epoxy 994:998 arg1 nanocomposites 1000:1013 the rest epoxy nanocomposites 985:1013 the rest epoxy nanocomposites 985:1013 Additions of CNFs considerably enhance the mechanical properties of epoxy composites but a remarkable improvement is observed for 0.75% CNFs as compared to the rest epoxy nanocomposites. 28082223 5 3 theme CNFs/epoxy 1145:1154 arg1 nanocomposites 1156:1169 the 0.75% CNFs/epoxy nanocomposites 1135:1169 the 0.75% CNFs/epoxy nanocomposites 1135:1169 In addition, the electron micrographs revealed the perfect distribution and dispersion of CNFs in the epoxy matrix for the 0.75% CNFs/epoxy nanocomposites, while the existence of voids and agglomerations were observed beyond 0.75% CNFs filler loadings. 28082223 3 4 theme epoxy 689:693 arg1 matrix 695:700 the epoxy matrix 685:700 the epoxy matrix 685:700 FTIR analysis confirms the introduction of CNFs into the epoxy matrix while no considerable change in the crystallinity and diffraction peaks of epoxy composites were observed by the XRD patterns. 28082223 6 5 theme epoxy 1448:1452 arg1 composites 1454:1463 the epoxy composites 1444:1463 the epoxy composites 1444:1463 Overall results analysis clearly revealed that the 0.75% CNFs filler loading is best and effective with respect to rest to enhance the mechanical and structural properties of the epoxy composites. 28082223 2 6 theme scanning 485:492 arg1 microscope 503:512 scanning electron microscope 485:512 scanning electron microscope 485:512 The effect of CNFs loading on mechanical (tensile, impact and flexural), morphological (scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope) and structural (XRD and FTIR) properties of epoxy composites were investigated. 28082223 6 7 theme Overall 1269:1275 arg1 results 1277:1283 Overall results 1269:1283 Overall results analysis clearly revealed that the 0.75% CNFs filler loading is best and effective with respect to rest to enhance the mechanical and structural properties of the epoxy composites. 1269:1464 Overall results analysis clearly revealed that the 0.75% CNFs filler loading is best and effective with respect to rest to enhance the mechanical and structural properties of the epoxy composites. 28082223 1 8 theme Northern 203:210 arg1 pulp 243:246 the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp 199:246 the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp 199:246 Present study, deals about isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp, fabrication by hand lay-up technique and characterization of fabricated epoxy nanocomposites at different filler loadings (0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by wt.) 28082223 2 9 theme morphological 470:482 arg1 properties 582:591 mechanical (tensile, impact and flexural), morphological (scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope) and structural (XRD and FTIR) properties 427:591 mechanical (tensile, impact and flexural), morphological (scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope) and structural (XRD and FTIR) properties of epoxy composites 427:611 The effect of CNFs loading on mechanical (tensile, impact and flexural), morphological (scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope) and structural (XRD and FTIR) properties of epoxy composites were investigated. 28082223 3 10 theme considerable 711:722 arg1 change 724:729 no considerable change 708:729 no considerable change in the crystallinity and diffraction peaks of epoxy composites 708:792 FTIR analysis confirms the introduction of CNFs into the epoxy matrix while no considerable change in the crystallinity and diffraction peaks of epoxy composites were observed by the XRD patterns. 28082223 1 11 theme Softwood 221:228 arg1 pulp 243:246 the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp 199:246 the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp 199:246 Present study, deals about isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp, fabrication by hand lay-up technique and characterization of fabricated epoxy nanocomposites at different filler loadings (0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by wt.) 28082223 6 12 dep results 1277:1283 arg1 revealed 1302:1309 revealed 1302:1309 revealed that the 0.75% CNFs filler loading is best and effective with respect to rest to enhance the mechanical and structural properties of the epoxy composites 1302:1463 Overall results analysis clearly revealed that the 0.75% CNFs filler loading is best and effective with respect to rest to enhance the mechanical and structural properties of the epoxy composites. 28082223 2 13 theme transmission 518:529 arg1 microscope 540:549 transmission electron microscope 518:549 transmission electron microscope 518:549 The effect of CNFs loading on mechanical (tensile, impact and flexural), morphological (scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope) and structural (XRD and FTIR) properties of epoxy composites were investigated. 28082223 5 14 theme epoxy 1118:1122 arg1 matrix 1124:1129 the epoxy matrix 1114:1129 the epoxy matrix for the 0.75% CNFs/epoxy nanocomposites 1114:1169 In addition, the electron micrographs revealed the perfect distribution and dispersion of CNFs in the epoxy matrix for the 0.75% CNFs/epoxy nanocomposites, while the existence of voids and agglomerations were observed beyond 0.75% CNFs filler loadings. 28082223 5 15 from dispersion 1092:1101 arg1 matrix 1124:1129 the epoxy matrix 1114:1129 the epoxy matrix for the 0.75% CNFs/epoxy nanocomposites 1114:1169 In addition, the electron micrographs revealed the perfect distribution and dispersion of CNFs in the epoxy matrix for the 0.75% CNFs/epoxy nanocomposites, while the existence of voids and agglomerations were observed beyond 0.75% CNFs filler loadings. 28082223 3 16 theme crystallinity 738:750 arg1 peaks 768:772 the crystallinity and diffraction peaks 734:772 the crystallinity and diffraction peaks of epoxy composites 734:792 FTIR analysis confirms the introduction of CNFs into the epoxy matrix while no considerable change in the crystallinity and diffraction peaks of epoxy composites were observed by the XRD patterns. 28082223 3 17 theme composites 783:792 arg1 peaks 768:772 the crystallinity and diffraction peaks 734:772 the crystallinity and diffraction peaks of epoxy composites 734:792 FTIR analysis confirms the introduction of CNFs into the epoxy matrix while no considerable change in the crystallinity and diffraction peaks of epoxy composites were observed by the XRD patterns. 28082223 4 18 theme remarkable 920:929 arg1 improvement 931:941 a remarkable improvement 918:941 a remarkable improvement 918:941 Additions of CNFs considerably enhance the mechanical properties of epoxy composites but a remarkable improvement is observed for 0.75% CNFs as compared to the rest epoxy nanocomposites. 28082223 6 19 theme % 1324:1324 arg1 best 1349:1352 best 1349:1352 best 1349:1352 Overall results analysis clearly revealed that the 0.75% CNFs filler loading is best and effective with respect to rest to enhance the mechanical and structural properties of the epoxy composites. 28082223 6 19 theme % 1324:1324 arg1 loading 1338:1344 the 0.75% CNFs filler loading 1316:1344 the 0.75% CNFs filler loading 1316:1344 Overall results analysis clearly revealed that the 0.75% CNFs filler loading is best and effective with respect to rest to enhance the mechanical and structural properties of the epoxy composites. 28082223 1 20 theme nanocomposites 327:340 arg1 isolation 132:140 isolation 132:140 isolation 132:140 Present study, deals about isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp, fabrication by hand lay-up technique and characterization of fabricated epoxy nanocomposites at different filler loadings (0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by wt.) 28082223 1 20 theme nanocomposites 327:340 arg1 fabrication 249:259 fabrication 249:259 fabrication by hand lay-up technique 249:284 Present study, deals about isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp, fabrication by hand lay-up technique and characterization of fabricated epoxy nanocomposites at different filler loadings (0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by wt.) 28082223 1 20 theme nanocomposites 327:340 arg1 characterization 290:305 characterization 290:305 characterization 290:305 Present study, deals about isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp, fabrication by hand lay-up technique and characterization of fabricated epoxy nanocomposites at different filler loadings (0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by wt.) 28082223 1 20 theme nanocomposites 327:340 arg1 characterization 146:161 characterization 146:161 characterization 146:161 Present study, deals about isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp, fabrication by hand lay-up technique and characterization of fabricated epoxy nanocomposites at different filler loadings (0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by wt.) 28082223 2 21 theme electron 494:501 arg1 microscope 503:512 scanning electron microscope 485:512 scanning electron microscope 485:512 The effect of CNFs loading on mechanical (tensile, impact and flexural), morphological (scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope) and structural (XRD and FTIR) properties of epoxy composites were investigated. 28082223 0 22 theme epoxy 87:91 arg1 composites 93:102 epoxy composites 87:102 epoxy composites 87:102 Mechanical, morphological and structural properties of cellulose nanofibers reinforced epoxy composites. 28082223 1 23 theme different 345:353 arg1 loadings 362:369 different filler loadings 345:369 different filler loadings (0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by wt.) 345:394 Present study, deals about isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp, fabrication by hand lay-up technique and characterization of fabricated epoxy nanocomposites at different filler loadings (0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by wt.) 28082223 1 24 theme nanofibers 176:185 arg1 isolation 132:140 isolation 132:140 isolation 132:140 Present study, deals about isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp, fabrication by hand lay-up technique and characterization of fabricated epoxy nanocomposites at different filler loadings (0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by wt.) 28082223 1 24 theme nanofibers 176:185 arg1 fabrication 249:259 fabrication 249:259 fabrication by hand lay-up technique 249:284 Present study, deals about isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp, fabrication by hand lay-up technique and characterization of fabricated epoxy nanocomposites at different filler loadings (0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by wt.) 28082223 1 24 theme nanofibers 176:185 arg1 characterization 290:305 characterization 290:305 characterization 290:305 Present study, deals about isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp, fabrication by hand lay-up technique and characterization of fabricated epoxy nanocomposites at different filler loadings (0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by wt.) 28082223 1 24 theme nanofibers 176:185 arg1 characterization 146:161 characterization 146:161 characterization 146:161 Present study, deals about isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp, fabrication by hand lay-up technique and characterization of fabricated epoxy nanocomposites at different filler loadings (0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by wt.) 28082223 4 25 theme epoxy 897:901 arg1 composites 903:912 epoxy composites 897:912 epoxy composites 897:912 Additions of CNFs considerably enhance the mechanical properties of epoxy composites but a remarkable improvement is observed for 0.75% CNFs as compared to the rest epoxy nanocomposites. 28082223 3 26 theme diffraction 756:766 arg1 peaks 768:772 the crystallinity and diffraction peaks 734:772 the crystallinity and diffraction peaks of epoxy composites 734:792 FTIR analysis confirms the introduction of CNFs into the epoxy matrix while no considerable change in the crystallinity and diffraction peaks of epoxy composites were observed by the XRD patterns. 28082223 1 27 from characterization 146:161 arg1 pulp 243:246 the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp 199:246 the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp 199:246 Present study, deals about isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp, fabrication by hand lay-up technique and characterization of fabricated epoxy nanocomposites at different filler loadings (0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by wt.) 28082223 1 28 from isolation 132:140 arg1 pulp 243:246 the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp 199:246 the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp 199:246 Present study, deals about isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp, fabrication by hand lay-up technique and characterization of fabricated epoxy nanocomposites at different filler loadings (0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by wt.) 28082223 0 29 theme Mechanical 0:9 arg1 properties 41:50 Mechanical, morphological and structural properties 0:50 Mechanical, morphological and structural properties of cellulose nanofibers 0:74 Mechanical, morphological and structural properties of cellulose nanofibers reinforced epoxy composites. 28082223 1 30 theme hand 264:267 arg1 technique 276:284 hand lay-up technique 264:284 hand lay-up technique 264:284 Present study, deals about isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp, fabrication by hand lay-up technique and characterization of fabricated epoxy nanocomposites at different filler loadings (0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by wt.) 28082223 1 31 theme Present 105:111 arg1 study 113:117 Present study 105:117 Present study 105:117 Present study, deals about isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp, fabrication by hand lay-up technique and characterization of fabricated epoxy nanocomposites at different filler loadings (0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by wt.) 28082223 2 32 theme epoxy 596:600 arg1 composites 602:611 epoxy composites 596:611 epoxy composites 596:611 The effect of CNFs loading on mechanical (tensile, impact and flexural), morphological (scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope) and structural (XRD and FTIR) properties of epoxy composites were investigated. 28082223 5 33 theme % 1245:1245 arg1 loadings 1259:1266 0.75% CNFs filler loadings 1241:1266 0.75% CNFs filler loadings 1241:1266 In addition, the electron micrographs revealed the perfect distribution and dispersion of CNFs in the epoxy matrix for the 0.75% CNFs/epoxy nanocomposites, while the existence of voids and agglomerations were observed beyond 0.75% CNFs filler loadings. 28082223 0 34 theme morphological 12:24 arg1 properties 41:50 Mechanical, morphological and structural properties 0:50 Mechanical, morphological and structural properties of cellulose nanofibers 0:74 Mechanical, morphological and structural properties of cellulose nanofibers reinforced epoxy composites. 28082223 5 35 theme filler 1252:1257 arg1 loadings 1259:1266 0.75% CNFs filler loadings 1241:1266 0.75% CNFs filler loadings 1241:1266 In addition, the electron micrographs revealed the perfect distribution and dispersion of CNFs in the epoxy matrix for the 0.75% CNFs/epoxy nanocomposites, while the existence of voids and agglomerations were observed beyond 0.75% CNFs filler loadings. 28082223 0 36 theme structural 30:39 arg1 properties 41:50 Mechanical, morphological and structural properties 0:50 Mechanical, morphological and structural properties of cellulose nanofibers 0:74 Mechanical, morphological and structural properties of cellulose nanofibers reinforced epoxy composites. 28082223 2 37 theme CNFs 411:414 arg1 loading 416:422 CNFs loading 411:422 CNFs loading 411:422 The effect of CNFs loading on mechanical (tensile, impact and flexural), morphological (scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope) and structural (XRD and FTIR) properties of epoxy composites were investigated. 28082223 0 38 theme nanofibers 65:74 arg1 properties 41:50 Mechanical, morphological and structural properties 0:50 Mechanical, morphological and structural properties of cellulose nanofibers 0:74 Mechanical, morphological and structural properties of cellulose nanofibers reinforced epoxy composites. 28082223 6 39 theme filler 1331:1336 arg1 best 1349:1352 best 1349:1352 best 1349:1352 Overall results analysis clearly revealed that the 0.75% CNFs filler loading is best and effective with respect to rest to enhance the mechanical and structural properties of the epoxy composites. 28082223 6 39 theme filler 1331:1336 arg1 loading 1338:1344 the 0.75% CNFs filler loading 1316:1344 the 0.75% CNFs filler loading 1316:1344 Overall results analysis clearly revealed that the 0.75% CNFs filler loading is best and effective with respect to rest to enhance the mechanical and structural properties of the epoxy composites. 28082223 1 40 theme fabricated 310:319 arg1 nanocomposites 327:340 fabricated epoxy nanocomposites 310:340 fabricated epoxy nanocomposites 310:340 Present study, deals about isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp, fabrication by hand lay-up technique and characterization of fabricated epoxy nanocomposites at different filler loadings (0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by wt.) 28082223 2 41 dep mechanical 427:436 arg1 tensile 439:445 tensile 439:445 tensile 439:445 The effect of CNFs loading on mechanical (tensile, impact and flexural), morphological (scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope) and structural (XRD and FTIR) properties of epoxy composites were investigated. 28082223 2 41 dep mechanical 427:436 arg1 flexural 459:466 flexural 459:466 flexural 459:466 The effect of CNFs loading on mechanical (tensile, impact and flexural), morphological (scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope) and structural (XRD and FTIR) properties of epoxy composites were investigated. 28082223 2 41 dep mechanical 427:436 arg1 impact 448:453 impact 448:453 impact 448:453 The effect of CNFs loading on mechanical (tensile, impact and flexural), morphological (scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope) and structural (XRD and FTIR) properties of epoxy composites were investigated. 28082223 1 42 theme Kraft 230:234 arg1 pulp 243:246 the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp 199:246 the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp 199:246 Present study, deals about isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp, fabrication by hand lay-up technique and characterization of fabricated epoxy nanocomposites at different filler loadings (0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by wt.) 28082223 1 43 theme NBSK 237:240 arg1 pulp 243:246 the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp 199:246 the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp 199:246 Present study, deals about isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp, fabrication by hand lay-up technique and characterization of fabricated epoxy nanocomposites at different filler loadings (0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by wt.) 28082223 4 44 theme % 963:963 arg1 CNFs 965:968 0.75% CNFs 959:968 0.75% CNFs 959:968 Additions of CNFs considerably enhance the mechanical properties of epoxy composites but a remarkable improvement is observed for 0.75% CNFs as compared to the rest epoxy nanocomposites. 28082223 4 45 theme rest 989:992 arg1 nanocomposites 1000:1013 the rest epoxy nanocomposites 985:1013 the rest epoxy nanocomposites 985:1013 Additions of CNFs considerably enhance the mechanical properties of epoxy composites but a remarkable improvement is observed for 0.75% CNFs as compared to the rest epoxy nanocomposites. 28082223 3 46 theme FTIR 632:635 arg1 analysis 637:644 FTIR analysis 632:644 FTIR analysis 632:644 FTIR analysis confirms the introduction of CNFs into the epoxy matrix while no considerable change in the crystallinity and diffraction peaks of epoxy composites were observed by the XRD patterns. 28082223 1 47 from characterization 290:305 arg1 pulp 243:246 the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp 199:246 the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp 199:246 Present study, deals about isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp, fabrication by hand lay-up technique and characterization of fabricated epoxy nanocomposites at different filler loadings (0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by wt.) 28082223 5 48 theme % 1143:1143 arg1 nanocomposites 1156:1169 the 0.75% CNFs/epoxy nanocomposites 1135:1169 the 0.75% CNFs/epoxy nanocomposites 1135:1169 In addition, the electron micrographs revealed the perfect distribution and dispersion of CNFs in the epoxy matrix for the 0.75% CNFs/epoxy nanocomposites, while the existence of voids and agglomerations were observed beyond 0.75% CNFs filler loadings. 28082223 2 49 theme electron 531:538 arg1 microscope 540:549 transmission electron microscope 518:549 transmission electron microscope 518:549 The effect of CNFs loading on mechanical (tensile, impact and flexural), morphological (scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope) and structural (XRD and FTIR) properties of epoxy composites were investigated. 28082223 3 50 theme CNFs 675:678 arg1 introduction 659:670 the introduction 655:670 the introduction of CNFs into the epoxy matrix 655:700 FTIR analysis confirms the introduction of CNFs into the epoxy matrix while no considerable change in the crystallinity and diffraction peaks of epoxy composites were observed by the XRD patterns. 28082223 5 51 theme CNFs 1106:1109 arg1 dispersion 1092:1101 dispersion 1092:1101 dispersion 1092:1101 In addition, the electron micrographs revealed the perfect distribution and dispersion of CNFs in the epoxy matrix for the 0.75% CNFs/epoxy nanocomposites, while the existence of voids and agglomerations were observed beyond 0.75% CNFs filler loadings. 28082223 5 51 theme CNFs 1106:1109 arg1 distribution 1075:1086 the perfect distribution 1063:1086 the perfect distribution 1063:1086 In addition, the electron micrographs revealed the perfect distribution and dispersion of CNFs in the epoxy matrix for the 0.75% CNFs/epoxy nanocomposites, while the existence of voids and agglomerations were observed beyond 0.75% CNFs filler loadings. 28082223 6 52 theme composites 1454:1463 arg1 properties 1430:1439 the mechanical and structural properties 1400:1439 the mechanical and structural properties of the epoxy composites 1400:1463 Overall results analysis clearly revealed that the 0.75% CNFs filler loading is best and effective with respect to rest to enhance the mechanical and structural properties of the epoxy composites. 28082223 2 53 dep structural 556:565 arg1 FTIR 576:579 XRD and FTIR 568:579 FTIR 576:579 The effect of CNFs loading on mechanical (tensile, impact and flexural), morphological (scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope) and structural (XRD and FTIR) properties of epoxy composites were investigated. 28082223 2 53 dep structural 556:565 arg1 XRD 568:570 XRD and FTIR 568:579 XRD 568:570 The effect of CNFs loading on mechanical (tensile, impact and flexural), morphological (scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope) and structural (XRD and FTIR) properties of epoxy composites were investigated. 28082223 2 54 theme structural 556:565 arg1 properties 582:591 mechanical (tensile, impact and flexural), morphological (scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope) and structural (XRD and FTIR) properties 427:591 mechanical (tensile, impact and flexural), morphological (scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope) and structural (XRD and FTIR) properties of epoxy composites 427:611 The effect of CNFs loading on mechanical (tensile, impact and flexural), morphological (scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope) and structural (XRD and FTIR) properties of epoxy composites were investigated. 28082223 1 55 from fabrication 249:259 arg1 pulp 243:246 the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp 199:246 the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp 199:246 Present study, deals about isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp, fabrication by hand lay-up technique and characterization of fabricated epoxy nanocomposites at different filler loadings (0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by wt.) 28082223 1 56 from pulp 243:246 arg1 characterization 146:161 characterization 146:161 characterization 146:161 Present study, deals about isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp, fabrication by hand lay-up technique and characterization of fabricated epoxy nanocomposites at different filler loadings (0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by wt.) 28082223 1 56 from pulp 243:246 arg1 nanofibers 176:185 cellulose nanofibers 166:185 cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp 166:246 Present study, deals about isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp, fabrication by hand lay-up technique and characterization of fabricated epoxy nanocomposites at different filler loadings (0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by wt.) 28082223 1 56 from pulp 243:246 arg1 isolation 132:140 isolation 132:140 isolation 132:140 Present study, deals about isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp, fabrication by hand lay-up technique and characterization of fabricated epoxy nanocomposites at different filler loadings (0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by wt.) 28082223 1 56 from pulp 243:246 arg1 fabrication 249:259 fabrication 249:259 fabrication by hand lay-up technique 249:284 Present study, deals about isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp, fabrication by hand lay-up technique and characterization of fabricated epoxy nanocomposites at different filler loadings (0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by wt.) 28082223 1 56 from pulp 243:246 arg1 CNFs 188:191 CNFs 188:191 CNFs 188:191 Present study, deals about isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp, fabrication by hand lay-up technique and characterization of fabricated epoxy nanocomposites at different filler loadings (0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by wt.) 28082223 1 56 from pulp 243:246 arg1 characterization 290:305 characterization 290:305 characterization 290:305 Present study, deals about isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp, fabrication by hand lay-up technique and characterization of fabricated epoxy nanocomposites at different filler loadings (0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by wt.) 28082223 1 57 theme Bleached 212:219 arg1 pulp 243:246 the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp 199:246 the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp 199:246 Present study, deals about isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp, fabrication by hand lay-up technique and characterization of fabricated epoxy nanocomposites at different filler loadings (0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by wt.) 28082223 4 58 theme mechanical 872:881 arg1 properties 883:892 the mechanical properties 868:892 the mechanical properties of epoxy composites 868:912 Additions of CNFs considerably enhance the mechanical properties of epoxy composites but a remarkable improvement is observed for 0.75% CNFs as compared to the rest epoxy nanocomposites. 28082223 5 59 theme agglomerations 1205:1218 arg1 existence 1182:1190 the existence 1178:1190 the existence of voids and agglomerations 1178:1218 In addition, the electron micrographs revealed the perfect distribution and dispersion of CNFs in the epoxy matrix for the 0.75% CNFs/epoxy nanocomposites, while the existence of voids and agglomerations were observed beyond 0.75% CNFs filler loadings. 28082223 4 60 theme CNFs 842:845 arg1 Additions 829:837 Additions 829:837 Additions of CNFs 829:845 Additions of CNFs considerably enhance the mechanical properties of epoxy composites but a remarkable improvement is observed for 0.75% CNFs as compared to the rest epoxy nanocomposites. 28082223 6 61 theme CNFs 1326:1329 arg1 best 1349:1352 best 1349:1352 best 1349:1352 Overall results analysis clearly revealed that the 0.75% CNFs filler loading is best and effective with respect to rest to enhance the mechanical and structural properties of the epoxy composites. 28082223 6 61 theme CNFs 1326:1329 arg1 loading 1338:1344 the 0.75% CNFs filler loading 1316:1344 the 0.75% CNFs filler loading 1316:1344 Overall results analysis clearly revealed that the 0.75% CNFs filler loading is best and effective with respect to rest to enhance the mechanical and structural properties of the epoxy composites. 28082223 6 62 theme 0.75 1320:1323 arg1 % 1324:1324 % 1324:1324 % 1324:1324 Overall results analysis clearly revealed that the 0.75% CNFs filler loading is best and effective with respect to rest to enhance the mechanical and structural properties of the epoxy composites. 28082223 5 63 theme perfect 1067:1073 arg1 distribution 1075:1086 the perfect distribution 1063:1086 the perfect distribution 1063:1086 In addition, the electron micrographs revealed the perfect distribution and dispersion of CNFs in the epoxy matrix for the 0.75% CNFs/epoxy nanocomposites, while the existence of voids and agglomerations were observed beyond 0.75% CNFs filler loadings. 28082223 1 64 theme cellulose 166:174 arg1 CNFs 188:191 CNFs 188:191 CNFs 188:191 Present study, deals about isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp, fabrication by hand lay-up technique and characterization of fabricated epoxy nanocomposites at different filler loadings (0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by wt.) 28082223 1 64 theme cellulose 166:174 arg1 nanofibers 176:185 cellulose nanofibers 166:185 cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp 166:246 Present study, deals about isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp, fabrication by hand lay-up technique and characterization of fabricated epoxy nanocomposites at different filler loadings (0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by wt.) 28082223 2 65 theme mechanical 427:436 arg1 properties 582:591 mechanical (tensile, impact and flexural), morphological (scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope) and structural (XRD and FTIR) properties 427:591 mechanical (tensile, impact and flexural), morphological (scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope) and structural (XRD and FTIR) properties of epoxy composites 427:611 The effect of CNFs loading on mechanical (tensile, impact and flexural), morphological (scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope) and structural (XRD and FTIR) properties of epoxy composites were investigated. 28082223 2 66 from effect 401:406 arg1 properties 582:591 mechanical (tensile, impact and flexural), morphological (scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope) and structural (XRD and FTIR) properties 427:591 mechanical (tensile, impact and flexural), morphological (scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope) and structural (XRD and FTIR) properties of epoxy composites 427:611 The effect of CNFs loading on mechanical (tensile, impact and flexural), morphological (scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope) and structural (XRD and FTIR) properties of epoxy composites were investigated. 28082223 5 67 theme voids 1195:1199 arg1 existence 1182:1190 the existence 1178:1190 the existence of voids and agglomerations 1178:1218 In addition, the electron micrographs revealed the perfect distribution and dispersion of CNFs in the epoxy matrix for the 0.75% CNFs/epoxy nanocomposites, while the existence of voids and agglomerations were observed beyond 0.75% CNFs filler loadings. 28082223 3 68 theme epoxy 777:781 arg1 composites 783:792 epoxy composites 777:792 epoxy composites 777:792 FTIR analysis confirms the introduction of CNFs into the epoxy matrix while no considerable change in the crystallinity and diffraction peaks of epoxy composites were observed by the XRD patterns. 28082223 1 69 theme filler 355:360 arg1 loadings 362:369 different filler loadings 345:369 different filler loadings (0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by wt.) 345:394 Present study, deals about isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp, fabrication by hand lay-up technique and characterization of fabricated epoxy nanocomposites at different filler loadings (0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by wt.) 28082223 3 70 theme XRD 815:817 arg1 patterns 819:826 the XRD patterns 811:826 the XRD patterns 811:826 FTIR analysis confirms the introduction of CNFs into the epoxy matrix while no considerable change in the crystallinity and diffraction peaks of epoxy composites were observed by the XRD patterns. 28082223 3 71 from change 724:729 arg1 peaks 768:772 the crystallinity and diffraction peaks 734:772 the crystallinity and diffraction peaks of epoxy composites 734:792 FTIR analysis confirms the introduction of CNFs into the epoxy matrix while no considerable change in the crystallinity and diffraction peaks of epoxy composites were observed by the XRD patterns. 28082223 5 72 theme electron 1033:1040 arg1 micrographs 1042:1052 the electron micrographs 1029:1052 the electron micrographs 1029:1052 In addition, the electron micrographs revealed the perfect distribution and dispersion of CNFs in the epoxy matrix for the 0.75% CNFs/epoxy nanocomposites, while the existence of voids and agglomerations were observed beyond 0.75% CNFs filler loadings. 28082223 4 73 theme composites 903:912 arg1 properties 883:892 the mechanical properties 868:892 the mechanical properties of epoxy composites 868:912 Additions of CNFs considerably enhance the mechanical properties of epoxy composites but a remarkable improvement is observed for 0.75% CNFs as compared to the rest epoxy nanocomposites. 28082223 2 74 theme composites 602:611 arg1 properties 582:591 mechanical (tensile, impact and flexural), morphological (scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope) and structural (XRD and FTIR) properties 427:591 mechanical (tensile, impact and flexural), morphological (scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope) and structural (XRD and FTIR) properties of epoxy composites 427:611 The effect of CNFs loading on mechanical (tensile, impact and flexural), morphological (scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope) and structural (XRD and FTIR) properties of epoxy composites were investigated. 28082223 5 75 theme 0.75 1241:1244 arg1 % 1245:1245 % 1245:1245 % 1245:1245 In addition, the electron micrographs revealed the perfect distribution and dispersion of CNFs in the epoxy matrix for the 0.75% CNFs/epoxy nanocomposites, while the existence of voids and agglomerations were observed beyond 0.75% CNFs filler loadings. 28082223 1 76 from loadings 362:369 arg1 isolation 132:140 isolation 132:140 isolation 132:140 Present study, deals about isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp, fabrication by hand lay-up technique and characterization of fabricated epoxy nanocomposites at different filler loadings (0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by wt.) 28082223 1 76 from loadings 362:369 arg1 fabrication 249:259 fabrication 249:259 fabrication by hand lay-up technique 249:284 Present study, deals about isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp, fabrication by hand lay-up technique and characterization of fabricated epoxy nanocomposites at different filler loadings (0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by wt.) 28082223 1 76 from loadings 362:369 arg1 characterization 290:305 characterization 290:305 characterization 290:305 Present study, deals about isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp, fabrication by hand lay-up technique and characterization of fabricated epoxy nanocomposites at different filler loadings (0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by wt.) 28082223 1 76 from loadings 362:369 arg1 characterization 146:161 characterization 146:161 characterization 146:161 Present study, deals about isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp, fabrication by hand lay-up technique and characterization of fabricated epoxy nanocomposites at different filler loadings (0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by wt.) 28082223 1 77 theme lay-up 269:274 arg1 technique 276:284 hand lay-up technique 264:284 hand lay-up technique 264:284 Present study, deals about isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp, fabrication by hand lay-up technique and characterization of fabricated epoxy nanocomposites at different filler loadings (0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by wt.) 28082223 5 78 theme CNFs 1247:1250 arg1 loadings 1259:1266 0.75% CNFs filler loadings 1241:1266 0.75% CNFs filler loadings 1241:1266 In addition, the electron micrographs revealed the perfect distribution and dispersion of CNFs in the epoxy matrix for the 0.75% CNFs/epoxy nanocomposites, while the existence of voids and agglomerations were observed beyond 0.75% CNFs filler loadings. 28082223 5 79 from distribution 1075:1086 arg1 matrix 1124:1129 the epoxy matrix 1114:1129 the epoxy matrix for the 0.75% CNFs/epoxy nanocomposites 1114:1169 In addition, the electron micrographs revealed the perfect distribution and dispersion of CNFs in the epoxy matrix for the 0.75% CNFs/epoxy nanocomposites, while the existence of voids and agglomerations were observed beyond 0.75% CNFs filler loadings. 28082223 2 80 theme loading 416:422 arg1 effect 401:406 The effect 397:406 The effect of CNFs loading on mechanical (tensile, impact and flexural), morphological (scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope) and structural (XRD and FTIR) properties of epoxy composites 397:611 The effect of CNFs loading on mechanical (tensile, impact and flexural), morphological (scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope) and structural (XRD and FTIR) properties of epoxy composites were investigated. 28082223 0 81 theme cellulose 55:63 arg1 nanofibers 65:74 cellulose nanofibers 55:74 cellulose nanofibers 55:74 Mechanical, morphological and structural properties of cellulose nanofibers reinforced epoxy composites. 28082223 4 82 theme 0.75 959:962 arg1 % 963:963 % 963:963 % 963:963 Additions of CNFs considerably enhance the mechanical properties of epoxy composites but a remarkable improvement is observed for 0.75% CNFs as compared to the rest epoxy nanocomposites. 28082223 1 83 dep loadings 362:369 arg1 % 382:382 0.75% 378:382 0.75% 378:382 Present study, deals about isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp, fabrication by hand lay-up technique and characterization of fabricated epoxy nanocomposites at different filler loadings (0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by wt.) 28082223 1 83 dep loadings 362:369 arg1 % 386:386 1% 385:386 1% by wt 385:392 Present study, deals about isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp, fabrication by hand lay-up technique and characterization of fabricated epoxy nanocomposites at different filler loadings (0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by wt.) 28082223 1 83 dep loadings 362:369 arg1 % 375:375 0.5% 372:375 0.5% 372:375 Present study, deals about isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp, fabrication by hand lay-up technique and characterization of fabricated epoxy nanocomposites at different filler loadings (0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by wt.) 28082223 6 84 theme structural 1419:1428 arg1 properties 1430:1439 the mechanical and structural properties 1400:1439 the mechanical and structural properties of the epoxy composites 1400:1463 Overall results analysis clearly revealed that the 0.75% CNFs filler loading is best and effective with respect to rest to enhance the mechanical and structural properties of the epoxy composites. 28082223 1 85 theme epoxy 321:325 arg1 nanocomposites 327:340 fabricated epoxy nanocomposites 310:340 fabricated epoxy nanocomposites 310:340 Present study, deals about isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp, fabrication by hand lay-up technique and characterization of fabricated epoxy nanocomposites at different filler loadings (0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by wt.) 28082223 6 86 theme mechanical 1404:1413 arg1 properties 1430:1439 the mechanical and structural properties 1400:1439 the mechanical and structural properties of the epoxy composites 1400:1463 Overall results analysis clearly revealed that the 0.75% CNFs filler loading is best and effective with respect to rest to enhance the mechanical and structural properties of the epoxy composites. 26806695 5 0 theme liposomes 882:890 arg1 cyto-inhibition 830:844 the cyto-inhibition 826:844 the cyto-inhibition of freshly prepared and lyophilized liposomes 826:890 Cytotoxicity assay was used to assess the cyto-inhibition of freshly prepared and lyophilized liposomes. 26806695 4 1 theme X-ray 722:726 arg1 diffractometry 728:741 X-ray diffractometry 722:741 X-ray diffractometry 722:741 The analysis of lyophilized liposomes or lyoprotectant was further investigated by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffractometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 26806695 6 2 theme high 1030:1033 arg1 % 1053:1053 86.52% ± 5.02% 1040:1053 86.52% ± 5.02% 1040:1053 KEY FINDINGS When the ratio of glucose-mannitol to phospholipids was 4 : 2 : 1 (w/w) the lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls exhibited good appearance, high DRR (86.52% ± 5.02%), small change in particle size (45.83 ± 0.50%) and short rehydration reconstruction time (8.3 ± 1.5 s). 26806695 6 2 theme high 1030:1033 arg1 appearance 1018:1027 good appearance 1013:1027 good appearance 1013:1027 KEY FINDINGS When the ratio of glucose-mannitol to phospholipids was 4 : 2 : 1 (w/w) the lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls exhibited good appearance, high DRR (86.52% ± 5.02%), small change in particle size (45.83 ± 0.50%) and short rehydration reconstruction time (8.3 ± 1.5 s). 26806695 6 2 theme high 1030:1033 arg1 DRR 1035:1037 high DRR 1030:1037 high DRR (86.52% ± 5.02%) 1030:1054 KEY FINDINGS When the ratio of glucose-mannitol to phospholipids was 4 : 2 : 1 (w/w) the lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls exhibited good appearance, high DRR (86.52% ± 5.02%), small change in particle size (45.83 ± 0.50%) and short rehydration reconstruction time (8.3 ± 1.5 s). 26806695 0 3 theme Rg3 78:80 arg1 liposomes 82:90 lyophilized ginsenoside Rg3 liposomes 54:90 lyophilized ginsenoside Rg3 liposomes 54:90 Influence of type and proportion of lyoprotectants on lyophilized ginsenoside Rg3 liposomes. 26806695 3 4 theme glucose-mannitol 477:492 arg1 complex 494:500 a glucose-mannitol complex 475:500 a glucose-mannitol complex 475:500 Further, a glucose-mannitol complex was used to determine the optimal lyophilized preparation. 26806695 0 5 from Influence 0:8 arg1 liposomes 82:90 lyophilized ginsenoside Rg3 liposomes 54:90 lyophilized ginsenoside Rg3 liposomes 54:90 Influence of type and proportion of lyoprotectants on lyophilized ginsenoside Rg3 liposomes. 26806695 4 6 theme lyophilized 577:587 arg1 liposomes 589:597 lyophilized liposomes 577:597 lyophilized liposomes 577:597 The analysis of lyophilized liposomes or lyoprotectant was further investigated by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffractometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 26806695 6 7 theme reconstruction 1125:1138 arg1 s 1156:1156 8.3 ± 1.5 s 1146:1156 8.3 ± 1.5 s 1146:1156 KEY FINDINGS When the ratio of glucose-mannitol to phospholipids was 4 : 2 : 1 (w/w) the lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls exhibited good appearance, high DRR (86.52% ± 5.02%), small change in particle size (45.83 ± 0.50%) and short rehydration reconstruction time (8.3 ± 1.5 s). 26806695 6 7 theme reconstruction 1125:1138 arg1 time 1140:1143 short rehydration reconstruction time 1107:1143 short rehydration reconstruction time (8.3 ± 1.5 s) 1107:1157 KEY FINDINGS When the ratio of glucose-mannitol to phospholipids was 4 : 2 : 1 (w/w) the lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls exhibited good appearance, high DRR (86.52% ± 5.02%), small change in particle size (45.83 ± 0.50%) and short rehydration reconstruction time (8.3 ± 1.5 s). 26806695 6 8 theme rehydration 1113:1123 arg1 s 1156:1156 8.3 ± 1.5 s 1146:1156 8.3 ± 1.5 s 1146:1156 KEY FINDINGS When the ratio of glucose-mannitol to phospholipids was 4 : 2 : 1 (w/w) the lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls exhibited good appearance, high DRR (86.52% ± 5.02%), small change in particle size (45.83 ± 0.50%) and short rehydration reconstruction time (8.3 ± 1.5 s). 26806695 6 8 theme rehydration 1113:1123 arg1 time 1140:1143 short rehydration reconstruction time 1107:1143 short rehydration reconstruction time (8.3 ± 1.5 s) 1107:1157 KEY FINDINGS When the ratio of glucose-mannitol to phospholipids was 4 : 2 : 1 (w/w) the lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls exhibited good appearance, high DRR (86.52% ± 5.02%), small change in particle size (45.83 ± 0.50%) and short rehydration reconstruction time (8.3 ± 1.5 s). 26806695 6 9 theme good 1013:1016 arg1 change 1063:1068 small change 1057:1068 small change in particle size (45.83 ± 0.50%) and short rehydration reconstruction time (8.3 ± 1.5 s) 1057:1157 KEY FINDINGS When the ratio of glucose-mannitol to phospholipids was 4 : 2 : 1 (w/w) the lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls exhibited good appearance, high DRR (86.52% ± 5.02%), small change in particle size (45.83 ± 0.50%) and short rehydration reconstruction time (8.3 ± 1.5 s). 26806695 6 9 theme good 1013:1016 arg1 appearance 1018:1027 good appearance 1013:1027 good appearance 1013:1027 KEY FINDINGS When the ratio of glucose-mannitol to phospholipids was 4 : 2 : 1 (w/w) the lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls exhibited good appearance, high DRR (86.52% ± 5.02%), small change in particle size (45.83 ± 0.50%) and short rehydration reconstruction time (8.3 ± 1.5 s). 26806695 6 9 theme good 1013:1016 arg1 DRR 1035:1037 high DRR 1030:1037 high DRR (86.52% ± 5.02%) 1030:1054 KEY FINDINGS When the ratio of glucose-mannitol to phospholipids was 4 : 2 : 1 (w/w) the lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls exhibited good appearance, high DRR (86.52% ± 5.02%), small change in particle size (45.83 ± 0.50%) and short rehydration reconstruction time (8.3 ± 1.5 s). 26806695 8 10 theme glucose 1333:1339 arg1 effect 1353:1358 shaping effect 1345:1358 shaping effect of mannitol 1345:1370 Results indicated that when the two lyoprotectants were combined, the stabilizing effect of glucose and shaping effect of mannitol were well maintained. 26806695 8 10 theme glucose 1333:1339 arg1 effect 1323:1328 the stabilizing effect 1307:1328 the stabilizing effect of glucose 1307:1339 Results indicated that when the two lyoprotectants were combined, the stabilizing effect of glucose and shaping effect of mannitol were well maintained. 26806695 6 11 theme ± 1094:1094 arg1 % 1100:1100 45.83 ± 0.50% 1088:1100 45.83 ± 0.50% 1088:1100 KEY FINDINGS When the ratio of glucose-mannitol to phospholipids was 4 : 2 : 1 (w/w) the lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls exhibited good appearance, high DRR (86.52% ± 5.02%), small change in particle size (45.83 ± 0.50%) and short rehydration reconstruction time (8.3 ± 1.5 s). 26806695 6 11 theme ± 1094:1094 arg1 size 1082:1085 particle size 1073:1085 particle size (45.83 ± 0.50%) 1073:1101 KEY FINDINGS When the ratio of glucose-mannitol to phospholipids was 4 : 2 : 1 (w/w) the lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls exhibited good appearance, high DRR (86.52% ± 5.02%), small change in particle size (45.83 ± 0.50%) and short rehydration reconstruction time (8.3 ± 1.5 s). 26806695 9 12 theme G-Rg3 1450:1454 arg1 liposomes 1456:1464 lyophilized G-Rg3 liposomes 1438:1464 lyophilized G-Rg3 liposomes 1438:1464 The cyto-inhibition of freshly prepared and lyophilized G-Rg3 liposomes showed that lyophilization did not affect the bioactivity of G-Rg3. 26806695 6 13 from change 1063:1068 arg1 % 1100:1100 45.83 ± 0.50% 1088:1100 45.83 ± 0.50% 1088:1100 KEY FINDINGS When the ratio of glucose-mannitol to phospholipids was 4 : 2 : 1 (w/w) the lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls exhibited good appearance, high DRR (86.52% ± 5.02%), small change in particle size (45.83 ± 0.50%) and short rehydration reconstruction time (8.3 ± 1.5 s). 26806695 6 13 from change 1063:1068 arg1 size 1082:1085 particle size 1073:1085 particle size (45.83 ± 0.50%) 1073:1101 KEY FINDINGS When the ratio of glucose-mannitol to phospholipids was 4 : 2 : 1 (w/w) the lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls exhibited good appearance, high DRR (86.52% ± 5.02%), small change in particle size (45.83 ± 0.50%) and short rehydration reconstruction time (8.3 ± 1.5 s). 26806695 6 13 from change 1063:1068 arg1 time 1140:1143 short rehydration reconstruction time 1107:1143 short rehydration reconstruction time (8.3 ± 1.5 s) 1107:1157 KEY FINDINGS When the ratio of glucose-mannitol to phospholipids was 4 : 2 : 1 (w/w) the lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls exhibited good appearance, high DRR (86.52% ± 5.02%), small change in particle size (45.83 ± 0.50%) and short rehydration reconstruction time (8.3 ± 1.5 s). 26806695 6 13 from change 1063:1068 arg1 s 1156:1156 8.3 ± 1.5 s 1146:1156 8.3 ± 1.5 s 1146:1156 KEY FINDINGS When the ratio of glucose-mannitol to phospholipids was 4 : 2 : 1 (w/w) the lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls exhibited good appearance, high DRR (86.52% ± 5.02%), small change in particle size (45.83 ± 0.50%) and short rehydration reconstruction time (8.3 ± 1.5 s). 26806695 6 14 theme small 1057:1061 arg1 change 1063:1068 small change 1057:1068 small change in particle size (45.83 ± 0.50%) and short rehydration reconstruction time (8.3 ± 1.5 s) 1057:1157 KEY FINDINGS When the ratio of glucose-mannitol to phospholipids was 4 : 2 : 1 (w/w) the lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls exhibited good appearance, high DRR (86.52% ± 5.02%), small change in particle size (45.83 ± 0.50%) and short rehydration reconstruction time (8.3 ± 1.5 s). 26806695 6 14 theme small 1057:1061 arg1 appearance 1018:1027 good appearance 1013:1027 good appearance 1013:1027 KEY FINDINGS When the ratio of glucose-mannitol to phospholipids was 4 : 2 : 1 (w/w) the lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls exhibited good appearance, high DRR (86.52% ± 5.02%), small change in particle size (45.83 ± 0.50%) and short rehydration reconstruction time (8.3 ± 1.5 s). 26806695 2 15 dep METHODS 227:233 arg1 lactose 273:279 lactose 273:279 lactose 273:279 METHODS Glucose, trehalose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, mannitol, inositol, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and polyethylene glycol were used as single lyoprotectant and then compared in terms of their ability to protect lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls. 26806695 2 15 dep METHODS 227:233 arg1 hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin 302:329 hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin 302:329 hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin 302:329 METHODS Glucose, trehalose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, mannitol, inositol, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and polyethylene glycol were used as single lyoprotectant and then compared in terms of their ability to protect lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls. 26806695 2 15 dep METHODS 227:233 arg1 trehalose 244:252 trehalose 244:252 trehalose 244:252 METHODS Glucose, trehalose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, mannitol, inositol, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and polyethylene glycol were used as single lyoprotectant and then compared in terms of their ability to protect lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls. 26806695 2 15 dep METHODS 227:233 arg1 glycol 348:353 polyethylene glycol 335:353 polyethylene glycol 335:353 METHODS Glucose, trehalose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, mannitol, inositol, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and polyethylene glycol were used as single lyoprotectant and then compared in terms of their ability to protect lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls. 26806695 2 15 dep METHODS 227:233 arg1 sucrose 255:261 sucrose 255:261 sucrose 255:261 METHODS Glucose, trehalose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, mannitol, inositol, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and polyethylene glycol were used as single lyoprotectant and then compared in terms of their ability to protect lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls. 26806695 2 15 dep METHODS 227:233 arg1 mannitol 282:289 mannitol 282:289 mannitol 282:289 METHODS Glucose, trehalose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, mannitol, inositol, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and polyethylene glycol were used as single lyoprotectant and then compared in terms of their ability to protect lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls. 26806695 2 15 dep METHODS 227:233 arg1 inositol 292:299 inositol 292:299 inositol 292:299 METHODS Glucose, trehalose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, mannitol, inositol, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and polyethylene glycol were used as single lyoprotectant and then compared in terms of their ability to protect lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls. 26806695 2 15 dep METHODS 227:233 arg1 METHODS 227:233 METHODS Glucose, trehalose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, mannitol, inositol, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and polyethylene glycol 227:353 METHODS Glucose, trehalose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, mannitol, inositol, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and polyethylene glycol 227:353 METHODS Glucose, trehalose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, mannitol, inositol, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and polyethylene glycol were used as single lyoprotectant and then compared in terms of their ability to protect lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls. 26806695 2 15 dep METHODS 227:233 arg1 Glucose 235:241 Glucose 235:241 Glucose 235:241 METHODS Glucose, trehalose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, mannitol, inositol, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and polyethylene glycol were used as single lyoprotectant and then compared in terms of their ability to protect lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls. 26806695 2 15 dep METHODS 227:233 arg1 maltose 264:270 maltose 264:270 maltose 264:270 METHODS Glucose, trehalose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, mannitol, inositol, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and polyethylene glycol were used as single lyoprotectant and then compared in terms of their ability to protect lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls. 26806695 0 16 theme lyoprotectants 36:49 arg1 type 13:16 type 13:16 type 13:16 Influence of type and proportion of lyoprotectants on lyophilized ginsenoside Rg3 liposomes. 26806695 0 16 theme lyoprotectants 36:49 arg1 proportion 22:31 proportion 22:31 proportion 22:31 Influence of type and proportion of lyoprotectants on lyophilized ginsenoside Rg3 liposomes. 26806695 5 17 used used 811:814 arg2 assay 801:805 Cytotoxicity assay 788:805 Cytotoxicity assay 788:805 Cytotoxicity assay was used to assess the cyto-inhibition of freshly prepared and lyophilized liposomes. 26806695 9 18 theme G-Rg3 1527:1531 arg1 bioactivity 1512:1522 the bioactivity 1508:1522 the bioactivity of G-Rg3 1508:1531 The cyto-inhibition of freshly prepared and lyophilized G-Rg3 liposomes showed that lyophilization did not affect the bioactivity of G-Rg3. 26806695 6 19 theme particle 1073:1080 arg1 % 1100:1100 45.83 ± 0.50% 1088:1100 45.83 ± 0.50% 1088:1100 KEY FINDINGS When the ratio of glucose-mannitol to phospholipids was 4 : 2 : 1 (w/w) the lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls exhibited good appearance, high DRR (86.52% ± 5.02%), small change in particle size (45.83 ± 0.50%) and short rehydration reconstruction time (8.3 ± 1.5 s). 26806695 6 19 theme particle 1073:1080 arg1 size 1082:1085 particle size 1073:1085 particle size (45.83 ± 0.50%) 1073:1101 KEY FINDINGS When the ratio of glucose-mannitol to phospholipids was 4 : 2 : 1 (w/w) the lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls exhibited good appearance, high DRR (86.52% ± 5.02%), small change in particle size (45.83 ± 0.50%) and short rehydration reconstruction time (8.3 ± 1.5 s). 26806695 3 20 used used 506:509 arg2 complex 494:500 a glucose-mannitol complex 475:500 a glucose-mannitol complex 475:500 Further, a glucose-mannitol complex was used to determine the optimal lyophilized preparation. 26806695 10 21 theme lyoprotectants 1592:1605 arg1 application 1550:1560 The application 1546:1560 The application of glucose-mannitol composite lyoprotectants 1546:1605 CONCLUSIONS The application of glucose-mannitol composite lyoprotectants can obtain a good G-Rg3 lyophilized preparation. 26806695 6 22 theme glucose-mannitol 924:939 arg1 w/w 973:975 w/w 973:975 w/w 973:975 KEY FINDINGS When the ratio of glucose-mannitol to phospholipids was 4 : 2 : 1 (w/w) the lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls exhibited good appearance, high DRR (86.52% ± 5.02%), small change in particle size (45.83 ± 0.50%) and short rehydration reconstruction time (8.3 ± 1.5 s). 26806695 6 22 theme glucose-mannitol 924:939 arg1 ratio 915:919 the ratio 911:919 the ratio of glucose-mannitol to phospholipids 911:956 KEY FINDINGS When the ratio of glucose-mannitol to phospholipids was 4 : 2 : 1 (w/w) the lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls exhibited good appearance, high DRR (86.52% ± 5.02%), small change in particle size (45.83 ± 0.50%) and short rehydration reconstruction time (8.3 ± 1.5 s). 26806695 10 23 theme composite 1582:1590 arg1 lyoprotectants 1592:1605 glucose-mannitol composite lyoprotectants 1565:1605 glucose-mannitol composite lyoprotectants 1565:1605 CONCLUSIONS The application of glucose-mannitol composite lyoprotectants can obtain a good G-Rg3 lyophilized preparation. 26806695 4 24 dep transform 755:763 arg1 infrared 765:772 infrared 765:772 transform infrared spectroscopy 755:785 The analysis of lyophilized liposomes or lyoprotectant was further investigated by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffractometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 26806695 7 25 theme single 1216:1221 arg1 agent 1234:1238 each single protective agent 1211:1238 each single protective agent 1211:1238 All indices were considerably better than those of each single protective agent. 26806695 4 26 theme thermogravimetry-differential 674:702 arg1 analysis 712:719 thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis 674:719 thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis 674:719 The analysis of lyophilized liposomes or lyoprotectant was further investigated by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffractometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 26806695 5 27 theme prepared 857:864 arg1 liposomes 882:890 freshly prepared and lyophilized liposomes 849:890 freshly prepared and lyophilized liposomes 849:890 Cytotoxicity assay was used to assess the cyto-inhibition of freshly prepared and lyophilized liposomes. 26806695 4 28 dep Fourier 747:753 arg1 transform 755:763 transform 755:763 transform infrared spectroscopy 755:785 The analysis of lyophilized liposomes or lyoprotectant was further investigated by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffractometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 26806695 10 29 theme G-Rg3 1625:1629 arg1 preparation 1643:1653 a good G-Rg3 lyophilized preparation 1618:1653 a good G-Rg3 lyophilized preparation 1618:1653 CONCLUSIONS The application of glucose-mannitol composite lyoprotectants can obtain a good G-Rg3 lyophilized preparation. 26806695 10 30 theme glucose-mannitol 1565:1580 arg1 lyoprotectants 1592:1605 glucose-mannitol composite lyoprotectants 1565:1605 glucose-mannitol composite lyoprotectants 1565:1605 CONCLUSIONS The application of glucose-mannitol composite lyoprotectants can obtain a good G-Rg3 lyophilized preparation. 26806695 10 31 dep CONCLUSIONS 1534:1544 arg1 obtain 1611:1616 obtain 1611:1616 can obtain a good G-Rg3 lyophilized preparation 1607:1653 CONCLUSIONS The application of glucose-mannitol composite lyoprotectants can obtain a good G-Rg3 lyophilized preparation. 26806695 10 32 theme lyophilized 1631:1641 arg1 preparation 1643:1653 a good G-Rg3 lyophilized preparation 1618:1653 a good G-Rg3 lyophilized preparation 1618:1653 CONCLUSIONS The application of glucose-mannitol composite lyoprotectants can obtain a good G-Rg3 lyophilized preparation. 26806695 3 33 theme optimal 528:534 arg1 preparation 548:558 the optimal lyophilized preparation 524:558 the optimal lyophilized preparation 524:558 Further, a glucose-mannitol complex was used to determine the optimal lyophilized preparation. 26806695 1 34 theme -Ginsenoside 174:185 arg1 G-Rg3-Ls 202:209 G-Rg3-Ls 202:209 G-Rg3-Ls 202:209 OBJECTIVES To improve stability and shelf life, lyophilized formulations of 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 liposomes (G-Rg3-Ls) were prepared. 26806695 1 34 theme -Ginsenoside 174:185 arg1 liposomes 191:199 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 liposomes 169:199 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 liposomes (G-Rg3-Ls) 169:210 OBJECTIVES To improve stability and shelf life, lyophilized formulations of 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 liposomes (G-Rg3-Ls) were prepared. 26806695 0 35 theme type 13:16 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of type and proportion of lyoprotectants on lyophilized ginsenoside Rg3 liposomes. 0:91 Influence of type and proportion of lyoprotectants on lyophilized ginsenoside Rg3 liposomes. 26806695 6 36 theme lyophilized 982:992 arg1 G-Rg3-Ls 994:1001 the lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls 978:1001 4 : 2 : 1 (w/w) the lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls 962:1001 KEY FINDINGS When the ratio of glucose-mannitol to phospholipids was 4 : 2 : 1 (w/w) the lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls exhibited good appearance, high DRR (86.52% ± 5.02%), small change in particle size (45.83 ± 0.50%) and short rehydration reconstruction time (8.3 ± 1.5 s). 26806695 3 37 theme lyophilized 536:546 arg1 preparation 548:558 the optimal lyophilized preparation 524:558 the optimal lyophilized preparation 524:558 Further, a glucose-mannitol complex was used to determine the optimal lyophilized preparation. 26806695 1 38 theme Rg3 187:189 arg1 G-Rg3-Ls 202:209 G-Rg3-Ls 202:209 G-Rg3-Ls 202:209 OBJECTIVES To improve stability and shelf life, lyophilized formulations of 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 liposomes (G-Rg3-Ls) were prepared. 26806695 1 38 theme Rg3 187:189 arg1 liposomes 191:199 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 liposomes 169:199 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 liposomes (G-Rg3-Ls) 169:210 OBJECTIVES To improve stability and shelf life, lyophilized formulations of 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 liposomes (G-Rg3-Ls) were prepared. 26806695 2 39 theme lyophilized 444:454 arg1 G-Rg3-Ls 456:463 lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls 444:463 lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls 444:463 METHODS Glucose, trehalose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, mannitol, inositol, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and polyethylene glycol were used as single lyoprotectant and then compared in terms of their ability to protect lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls. 26806695 4 40 theme scanning 644:651 arg1 microscopy 662:671 scanning electron microscopy 644:671 scanning electron microscopy 644:671 The analysis of lyophilized liposomes or lyoprotectant was further investigated by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffractometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 26806695 8 41 theme shaping 1345:1351 arg1 effect 1353:1358 shaping effect 1345:1358 shaping effect of mannitol 1345:1370 Results indicated that when the two lyoprotectants were combined, the stabilizing effect of glucose and shaping effect of mannitol were well maintained. 26806695 1 42 theme liposomes 191:199 arg1 formulations 153:164 lyophilized formulations 141:164 lyophilized formulations of 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 liposomes (G-Rg3-Ls) 141:210 OBJECTIVES To improve stability and shelf life, lyophilized formulations of 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 liposomes (G-Rg3-Ls) were prepared. 26806695 0 43 theme proportion 22:31 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of type and proportion of lyoprotectants on lyophilized ginsenoside Rg3 liposomes. 0:91 Influence of type and proportion of lyoprotectants on lyophilized ginsenoside Rg3 liposomes. 26806695 9 44 theme lyophilized 1438:1448 arg1 liposomes 1456:1464 lyophilized G-Rg3 liposomes 1438:1464 lyophilized G-Rg3 liposomes 1438:1464 The cyto-inhibition of freshly prepared and lyophilized G-Rg3 liposomes showed that lyophilization did not affect the bioactivity of G-Rg3. 26806695 5 45 theme Cytotoxicity 788:799 arg1 assay 801:805 Cytotoxicity assay 788:805 Cytotoxicity assay 788:805 Cytotoxicity assay was used to assess the cyto-inhibition of freshly prepared and lyophilized liposomes. 26806695 6 46 dep w/w 973:975 arg1 G-Rg3-Ls 994:1001 the lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls 978:1001 4 : 2 : 1 (w/w) the lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls 962:1001 KEY FINDINGS When the ratio of glucose-mannitol to phospholipids was 4 : 2 : 1 (w/w) the lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls exhibited good appearance, high DRR (86.52% ± 5.02%), small change in particle size (45.83 ± 0.50%) and short rehydration reconstruction time (8.3 ± 1.5 s). 26806695 8 47 theme stabilizing 1311:1321 arg1 effect 1323:1328 the stabilizing effect 1307:1328 the stabilizing effect of glucose 1307:1339 Results indicated that when the two lyoprotectants were combined, the stabilizing effect of glucose and shaping effect of mannitol were well maintained. 26806695 7 48 theme protective 1223:1232 arg1 agent 1234:1238 each single protective agent 1211:1238 each single protective agent 1211:1238 All indices were considerably better than those of each single protective agent. 26806695 2 49 theme ability 425:431 arg1 terms 410:414 terms 410:414 terms of their ability to protect lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls 410:463 METHODS Glucose, trehalose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, mannitol, inositol, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and polyethylene glycol were used as single lyoprotectant and then compared in terms of their ability to protect lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls. 26806695 2 50 theme single 368:373 arg1 METHODS 227:233 METHODS Glucose, trehalose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, mannitol, inositol, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and polyethylene glycol 227:353 METHODS Glucose, trehalose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, mannitol, inositol, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and polyethylene glycol 227:353 METHODS Glucose, trehalose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, mannitol, inositol, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and polyethylene glycol were used as single lyoprotectant and then compared in terms of their ability to protect lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls. 26806695 2 50 theme single 368:373 arg1 lyoprotectant 375:387 single lyoprotectant 368:387 single lyoprotectant 368:387 METHODS Glucose, trehalose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, mannitol, inositol, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and polyethylene glycol were used as single lyoprotectant and then compared in terms of their ability to protect lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls. 26806695 9 51 theme prepared 1425:1432 arg1 cyto-inhibition 1398:1412 The cyto-inhibition 1394:1412 The cyto-inhibition of freshly prepared and lyophilized G-Rg3 liposomes 1394:1464 The cyto-inhibition of freshly prepared and lyophilized G-Rg3 liposomes showed that lyophilization did not affect the bioactivity of G-Rg3. 26806695 9 52 theme liposomes 1456:1464 arg1 cyto-inhibition 1398:1412 The cyto-inhibition 1394:1412 The cyto-inhibition of freshly prepared and lyophilized G-Rg3 liposomes 1394:1464 The cyto-inhibition of freshly prepared and lyophilized G-Rg3 liposomes showed that lyophilization did not affect the bioactivity of G-Rg3. 26806695 10 53 theme good 1620:1623 arg1 preparation 1643:1653 a good G-Rg3 lyophilized preparation 1618:1653 a good G-Rg3 lyophilized preparation 1618:1653 CONCLUSIONS The application of glucose-mannitol composite lyoprotectants can obtain a good G-Rg3 lyophilized preparation. 26806695 6 54 theme KEY 893:895 arg1 FINDINGS 897:904 KEY FINDINGS 893:904 KEY FINDINGS When the ratio of glucose-mannitol to phospholipids was 4 : 2 : 1 (w/w) the lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls 893:1001 KEY FINDINGS When the ratio of glucose-mannitol to phospholipids was 4 : 2 : 1 (w/w) the lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls exhibited good appearance, high DRR (86.52% ± 5.02%), small change in particle size (45.83 ± 0.50%) and short rehydration reconstruction time (8.3 ± 1.5 s). 26806695 4 55 theme thermal 704:710 arg1 analysis 712:719 thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis 674:719 thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis 674:719 The analysis of lyophilized liposomes or lyoprotectant was further investigated by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffractometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 26806695 1 56 theme shelf 129:133 arg1 life 135:138 shelf life 129:138 shelf life 129:138 OBJECTIVES To improve stability and shelf life, lyophilized formulations of 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 liposomes (G-Rg3-Ls) were prepared. 26806695 6 57 theme short 1107:1111 arg1 s 1156:1156 8.3 ± 1.5 s 1146:1156 8.3 ± 1.5 s 1146:1156 KEY FINDINGS When the ratio of glucose-mannitol to phospholipids was 4 : 2 : 1 (w/w) the lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls exhibited good appearance, high DRR (86.52% ± 5.02%), small change in particle size (45.83 ± 0.50%) and short rehydration reconstruction time (8.3 ± 1.5 s). 26806695 6 57 theme short 1107:1111 arg1 time 1140:1143 short rehydration reconstruction time 1107:1143 short rehydration reconstruction time (8.3 ± 1.5 s) 1107:1157 KEY FINDINGS When the ratio of glucose-mannitol to phospholipids was 4 : 2 : 1 (w/w) the lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls exhibited good appearance, high DRR (86.52% ± 5.02%), small change in particle size (45.83 ± 0.50%) and short rehydration reconstruction time (8.3 ± 1.5 s). 26806695 6 58 theme % 1045:1045 arg1 % 1053:1053 86.52% ± 5.02% 1040:1053 86.52% ± 5.02% 1040:1053 KEY FINDINGS When the ratio of glucose-mannitol to phospholipids was 4 : 2 : 1 (w/w) the lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls exhibited good appearance, high DRR (86.52% ± 5.02%), small change in particle size (45.83 ± 0.50%) and short rehydration reconstruction time (8.3 ± 1.5 s). 26806695 6 58 theme % 1045:1045 arg1 DRR 1035:1037 high DRR 1030:1037 high DRR (86.52% ± 5.02%) 1030:1054 KEY FINDINGS When the ratio of glucose-mannitol to phospholipids was 4 : 2 : 1 (w/w) the lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls exhibited good appearance, high DRR (86.52% ± 5.02%), small change in particle size (45.83 ± 0.50%) and short rehydration reconstruction time (8.3 ± 1.5 s). 26806695 8 59 theme mannitol 1363:1370 arg1 effect 1353:1358 shaping effect 1345:1358 shaping effect of mannitol 1345:1370 Results indicated that when the two lyoprotectants were combined, the stabilizing effect of glucose and shaping effect of mannitol were well maintained. 26806695 8 59 theme mannitol 1363:1370 arg1 effect 1323:1328 the stabilizing effect 1307:1328 the stabilizing effect of glucose 1307:1339 Results indicated that when the two lyoprotectants were combined, the stabilizing effect of glucose and shaping effect of mannitol were well maintained. 26806695 1 60 theme lyophilized 141:151 arg1 formulations 153:164 lyophilized formulations 141:164 lyophilized formulations of 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 liposomes (G-Rg3-Ls) 141:210 OBJECTIVES To improve stability and shelf life, lyophilized formulations of 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 liposomes (G-Rg3-Ls) were prepared. 26806695 4 61 theme liposomes 589:597 arg1 analysis 565:572 The analysis 561:572 The analysis of lyophilized liposomes or lyoprotectant 561:614 The analysis of lyophilized liposomes or lyoprotectant was further investigated by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffractometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 26806695 0 62 theme ginsenoside 66:76 arg1 liposomes 82:90 lyophilized ginsenoside Rg3 liposomes 54:90 lyophilized ginsenoside Rg3 liposomes 54:90 Influence of type and proportion of lyoprotectants on lyophilized ginsenoside Rg3 liposomes. 26806695 6 63 theme ± 1047:1047 arg1 % 1053:1053 86.52% ± 5.02% 1040:1053 86.52% ± 5.02% 1040:1053 KEY FINDINGS When the ratio of glucose-mannitol to phospholipids was 4 : 2 : 1 (w/w) the lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls exhibited good appearance, high DRR (86.52% ± 5.02%), small change in particle size (45.83 ± 0.50%) and short rehydration reconstruction time (8.3 ± 1.5 s). 26806695 6 63 theme ± 1047:1047 arg1 DRR 1035:1037 high DRR 1030:1037 high DRR (86.52% ± 5.02%) 1030:1054 KEY FINDINGS When the ratio of glucose-mannitol to phospholipids was 4 : 2 : 1 (w/w) the lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls exhibited good appearance, high DRR (86.52% ± 5.02%), small change in particle size (45.83 ± 0.50%) and short rehydration reconstruction time (8.3 ± 1.5 s). 26806695 2 64 used used 360:363 arg2 trehalose 244:252 trehalose 244:252 trehalose 244:252 METHODS Glucose, trehalose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, mannitol, inositol, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and polyethylene glycol were used as single lyoprotectant and then compared in terms of their ability to protect lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls. 26806695 2 64 used used 360:363 arg2 METHODS 227:233 METHODS Glucose, trehalose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, mannitol, inositol, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and polyethylene glycol 227:353 METHODS Glucose, trehalose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, mannitol, inositol, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and polyethylene glycol 227:353 METHODS Glucose, trehalose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, mannitol, inositol, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and polyethylene glycol were used as single lyoprotectant and then compared in terms of their ability to protect lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls. 26806695 2 64 used used 360:363 arg2 sucrose 255:261 sucrose 255:261 sucrose 255:261 METHODS Glucose, trehalose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, mannitol, inositol, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and polyethylene glycol were used as single lyoprotectant and then compared in terms of their ability to protect lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls. 26806695 2 64 used used 360:363 arg2 mannitol 282:289 mannitol 282:289 mannitol 282:289 METHODS Glucose, trehalose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, mannitol, inositol, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and polyethylene glycol were used as single lyoprotectant and then compared in terms of their ability to protect lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls. 26806695 2 64 used used 360:363 arg2 Glucose 235:241 Glucose 235:241 Glucose 235:241 METHODS Glucose, trehalose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, mannitol, inositol, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and polyethylene glycol were used as single lyoprotectant and then compared in terms of their ability to protect lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls. 26806695 2 64 used used 360:363 arg2 maltose 264:270 maltose 264:270 maltose 264:270 METHODS Glucose, trehalose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, mannitol, inositol, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and polyethylene glycol were used as single lyoprotectant and then compared in terms of their ability to protect lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls. 26806695 2 64 used used 360:363 arg2 inositol 292:299 inositol 292:299 inositol 292:299 METHODS Glucose, trehalose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, mannitol, inositol, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and polyethylene glycol were used as single lyoprotectant and then compared in terms of their ability to protect lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls. 26806695 2 64 used used 360:363 arg2 lactose 273:279 lactose 273:279 lactose 273:279 METHODS Glucose, trehalose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, mannitol, inositol, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and polyethylene glycol were used as single lyoprotectant and then compared in terms of their ability to protect lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls. 26806695 2 64 used used 360:363 arg2 hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin 302:329 hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin 302:329 hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin 302:329 METHODS Glucose, trehalose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, mannitol, inositol, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and polyethylene glycol were used as single lyoprotectant and then compared in terms of their ability to protect lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls. 26806695 2 64 used used 360:363 arg2 glycol 348:353 polyethylene glycol 335:353 polyethylene glycol 335:353 METHODS Glucose, trehalose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, mannitol, inositol, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and polyethylene glycol were used as single lyoprotectant and then compared in terms of their ability to protect lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls. 26806695 2 64 used used 360:363 arg2 lyoprotectant 375:387 single lyoprotectant 368:387 single lyoprotectant 368:387 METHODS Glucose, trehalose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, mannitol, inositol, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and polyethylene glycol were used as single lyoprotectant and then compared in terms of their ability to protect lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls. 26806695 4 65 theme electron 653:660 arg1 microscopy 662:671 scanning electron microscopy 644:671 scanning electron microscopy 644:671 The analysis of lyophilized liposomes or lyoprotectant was further investigated by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffractometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 26806695 0 66 theme lyophilized 54:64 arg1 liposomes 82:90 lyophilized ginsenoside Rg3 liposomes 54:90 lyophilized ginsenoside Rg3 liposomes 54:90 Influence of type and proportion of lyoprotectants on lyophilized ginsenoside Rg3 liposomes. 26806695 5 67 theme lyophilized 870:880 arg1 liposomes 882:890 freshly prepared and lyophilized liposomes 849:890 freshly prepared and lyophilized liposomes 849:890 Cytotoxicity assay was used to assess the cyto-inhibition of freshly prepared and lyophilized liposomes. 26806695 2 68 theme polyethylene 335:346 arg1 METHODS 227:233 METHODS Glucose, trehalose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, mannitol, inositol, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and polyethylene glycol 227:353 METHODS Glucose, trehalose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, mannitol, inositol, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and polyethylene glycol 227:353 METHODS Glucose, trehalose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, mannitol, inositol, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and polyethylene glycol were used as single lyoprotectant and then compared in terms of their ability to protect lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls. 26806695 2 68 theme polyethylene 335:346 arg1 glycol 348:353 polyethylene glycol 335:353 polyethylene glycol 335:353 METHODS Glucose, trehalose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, mannitol, inositol, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and polyethylene glycol were used as single lyoprotectant and then compared in terms of their ability to protect lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls. 26806695 4 69 theme lyoprotectant 602:614 arg1 analysis 565:572 The analysis 561:572 The analysis of lyophilized liposomes or lyoprotectant 561:614 The analysis of lyophilized liposomes or lyoprotectant was further investigated by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffractometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 27770697 4 0 theme pore 801:804 arg1 size 806:809 the uniquely small pore size 782:809 the uniquely small pore size 782:809 An investigation into the morphology of the resultant scaffolds confirms that the uniquely small pore size, high specific surface area and typically three-dimensional (3D) structure of nanofibrous mats remain present. 27770697 4 1 theme surface 826:832 arg1 area 834:837 high specific surface area 812:837 high specific surface area 812:837 An investigation into the morphology of the resultant scaffolds confirms that the uniquely small pore size, high specific surface area and typically three-dimensional (3D) structure of nanofibrous mats remain present. 27770697 1 2 theme coating 154:160 arg1 machine 162:168 an efficient automated coating machine 131:168 an efficient automated coating machine 131:168 When an efficient automated coating machine is used to process layer-by-layer (LBL) deposited nanofibrous mats, it causes an obvious planar effect on the surface of the mats, which can be eliminated through ultimate immersion. 27770697 6 3 theme diffraction 1225:1235 arg1 results 1155:1161 the results 1151:1161 the results of small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXRD) 1151:1243 The intercalated structure of CS-REC is confirmed by the results of small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXRD). 27770697 4 4 theme small 795:799 arg1 size 806:809 the uniquely small pore size 782:809 the uniquely small pore size 782:809 An investigation into the morphology of the resultant scaffolds confirms that the uniquely small pore size, high specific surface area and typically three-dimensional (3D) structure of nanofibrous mats remain present. 27770697 5 5 theme X-ray 976:980 arg1 spectroscopy 996:1007 infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 955:1007 spectroscopy 996:1007 The results of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicate that it is feasible to assemble nanofibrous mats using a coating machine. 27770697 3 6 theme intercalated 606:617 arg1 composites 619:628 positively charged CS or CS-REC intercalated composites 574:628 positively charged CS or CS-REC intercalated composites 574:628 Then, the immersion process is utilized to allow positively charged CS or CS-REC intercalated composites to uniformly assemble on the surface of negatively charged CA nanofibers. 27770697 7 7 theme cell 1265:1268 arg1 experiment 1270:1279 cell experiment 1265:1279 cell experiment 1265:1279 The results of the cell experiment and antibacterial test demonstrate that the addition of REC not only has little impact on the cytocompatibility of the mats but also enhances their ability to inhibit bacteria. 27770697 5 8 theme infrared 955:962 arg1 FT-IR 965:969 infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 955:1007 FT-IR 965:969 The results of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicate that it is feasible to assemble nanofibrous mats using a coating machine. 27770697 5 8 theme infrared 955:962 arg1 XPS 1010:1012 XPS 1010:1012 XPS 1010:1012 The results of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicate that it is feasible to assemble nanofibrous mats using a coating machine. 27770697 7 9 theme REC 1337:1339 arg1 addition 1325:1332 the addition 1321:1332 the addition of REC 1321:1339 The results of the cell experiment and antibacterial test demonstrate that the addition of REC not only has little impact on the cytocompatibility of the mats but also enhances their ability to inhibit bacteria. 27770697 4 10 dep three-dimensional 853:869 arg1 3D 872:873 3D 872:873 3D 872:873 An investigation into the morphology of the resultant scaffolds confirms that the uniquely small pore size, high specific surface area and typically three-dimensional (3D) structure of nanofibrous mats remain present. 27770697 7 11 theme little 1354:1359 arg1 impact 1361:1366 little impact 1354:1366 little impact 1354:1366 The results of the cell experiment and antibacterial test demonstrate that the addition of REC not only has little impact on the cytocompatibility of the mats but also enhances their ability to inhibit bacteria. 27770697 2 12 theme coating 508:514 arg1 machine 516:522 a coating machine 506:522 a coating machine 506:522 During this process, chitosan (CS) - rectorite (REC) intercalated composite films are built on the surface of cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibrous mats by a coating machine. 27770697 6 13 theme diffraction 1184:1194 arg1 results 1155:1161 the results 1151:1161 the results of small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXRD) 1151:1243 The intercalated structure of CS-REC is confirmed by the results of small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXRD). 27770697 1 14 theme obvious 251:257 arg1 effect 266:271 an obvious planar effect 248:271 an obvious planar effect on the surface of the mats, which can be eliminated through ultimate immersion 248:350 When an efficient automated coating machine is used to process layer-by-layer (LBL) deposited nanofibrous mats, it causes an obvious planar effect on the surface of the mats, which can be eliminated through ultimate immersion. 27770697 0 15 theme coating 109:115 arg1 machine 117:123 an automated coating machine 96:123 an automated coating machine 96:123 Production of thick uniform-coating films containing rectorite on nanofibers through the use of an automated coating machine. 27770697 0 16 from rectorite 53:61 arg1 nanofibers 66:75 nanofibers 66:75 nanofibers 66:75 Production of thick uniform-coating films containing rectorite on nanofibers through the use of an automated coating machine. 27770697 6 17 theme X-ray 1178:1182 arg1 SAXRD 1197:1201 SAXRD 1197:1201 SAXRD 1197:1201 The intercalated structure of CS-REC is confirmed by the results of small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXRD). 27770697 6 17 theme X-ray 1178:1182 arg1 diffraction 1184:1194 small-angle X-ray diffraction 1166:1194 small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD) 1166:1202 The intercalated structure of CS-REC is confirmed by the results of small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXRD). 27770697 0 18 theme automated 99:107 arg1 machine 117:123 an automated coating machine 96:123 an automated coating machine 96:123 Production of thick uniform-coating films containing rectorite on nanofibers through the use of an automated coating machine. 27770697 1 19 theme ultimate 333:340 arg1 immersion 342:350 ultimate immersion 333:350 ultimate immersion 333:350 When an efficient automated coating machine is used to process layer-by-layer (LBL) deposited nanofibrous mats, it causes an obvious planar effect on the surface of the mats, which can be eliminated through ultimate immersion. 27770697 6 20 theme small-angle 1166:1176 arg1 SAXRD 1197:1201 SAXRD 1197:1201 SAXRD 1197:1201 The intercalated structure of CS-REC is confirmed by the results of small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXRD). 27770697 6 20 theme small-angle 1166:1176 arg1 diffraction 1184:1194 small-angle X-ray diffraction 1166:1194 small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD) 1166:1202 The intercalated structure of CS-REC is confirmed by the results of small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXRD). 27770697 7 21 dep experiment 1270:1279 arg1 the 1261:1263 the 1261:1263 the 1261:1263 The results of the cell experiment and antibacterial test demonstrate that the addition of REC not only has little impact on the cytocompatibility of the mats but also enhances their ability to inhibit bacteria. 27770697 3 22 used utilized 556:563 arg2 process 545:551 the immersion process 531:551 the immersion process 531:551 Then, the immersion process is utilized to allow positively charged CS or CS-REC intercalated composites to uniformly assemble on the surface of negatively charged CA nanofibers. 27770697 6 23 theme X-ray 1219:1223 arg1 WAXRD 1238:1242 WAXRD 1238:1242 WAXRD 1238:1242 The intercalated structure of CS-REC is confirmed by the results of small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXRD). 27770697 6 23 theme X-ray 1219:1223 arg1 diffraction 1225:1235 wide-angle X-ray diffraction 1208:1235 wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXRD) 1208:1243 The intercalated structure of CS-REC is confirmed by the results of small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXRD). 27770697 5 24 dep Fourier 937:943 arg1 transform 945:953 transform 945:953 transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 945:1013 The results of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicate that it is feasible to assemble nanofibrous mats using a coating machine. 27770697 2 25 theme rectorite 390:398 arg1 films 429:433 chitosan (CS) - rectorite (REC) intercalated composite films 374:433 chitosan (CS) - rectorite (REC) intercalated composite films 374:433 During this process, chitosan (CS) - rectorite (REC) intercalated composite films are built on the surface of cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibrous mats by a coating machine. 27770697 1 26 theme planar 259:264 arg1 effect 266:271 an obvious planar effect 248:271 an obvious planar effect on the surface of the mats, which can be eliminated through ultimate immersion 248:350 When an efficient automated coating machine is used to process layer-by-layer (LBL) deposited nanofibrous mats, it causes an obvious planar effect on the surface of the mats, which can be eliminated through ultimate immersion. 27770697 1 27 from effect 266:271 arg1 surface 280:286 the surface 276:286 the surface of the mats, which can be eliminated through ultimate immersion 276:350 When an efficient automated coating machine is used to process layer-by-layer (LBL) deposited nanofibrous mats, it causes an obvious planar effect on the surface of the mats, which can be eliminated through ultimate immersion. 27770697 0 28 theme uniform-coating 20:34 arg1 films 36:40 thick uniform-coating films 14:40 thick uniform-coating films 14:40 Production of thick uniform-coating films containing rectorite on nanofibers through the use of an automated coating machine. 27770697 3 29 theme charged 681:687 arg1 nanofibers 692:701 negatively charged CA nanofibers 670:701 negatively charged CA nanofibers 670:701 Then, the immersion process is utilized to allow positively charged CS or CS-REC intercalated composites to uniformly assemble on the surface of negatively charged CA nanofibers. 27770697 7 30 theme experiment 1270:1279 arg1 results 1250:1256 The results 1246:1256 The results of the cell experiment and antibacterial test 1246:1302 The results of the cell experiment and antibacterial test demonstrate that the addition of REC not only has little impact on the cytocompatibility of the mats but also enhances their ability to inhibit bacteria. 27770697 7 31 theme test 1299:1302 arg1 results 1250:1256 The results 1246:1256 The results of the cell experiment and antibacterial test 1246:1302 The results of the cell experiment and antibacterial test demonstrate that the addition of REC not only has little impact on the cytocompatibility of the mats but also enhances their ability to inhibit bacteria. 27770697 0 32 theme thick 14:18 arg1 films 36:40 thick uniform-coating films 14:40 thick uniform-coating films 14:40 Production of thick uniform-coating films containing rectorite on nanofibers through the use of an automated coating machine. 27770697 0 33 theme machine 117:123 arg1 use 89:91 the use 85:91 the use of an automated coating machine 85:123 Production of thick uniform-coating films containing rectorite on nanofibers through the use of an automated coating machine. 27770697 5 34 theme photoelectron 982:994 arg1 spectroscopy 996:1007 infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 955:1007 spectroscopy 996:1007 The results of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicate that it is feasible to assemble nanofibrous mats using a coating machine. 27770697 2 35 theme composite 419:427 arg1 films 429:433 chitosan (CS) - rectorite (REC) intercalated composite films 374:433 chitosan (CS) - rectorite (REC) intercalated composite films 374:433 During this process, chitosan (CS) - rectorite (REC) intercalated composite films are built on the surface of cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibrous mats by a coating machine. 27770697 5 36 theme Fourier 937:943 arg1 results 926:932 The results 922:932 The results of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 922:1013 The results of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicate that it is feasible to assemble nanofibrous mats using a coating machine. 27770697 2 37 theme chitosan 374:381 arg1 films 429:433 chitosan (CS) - rectorite (REC) intercalated composite films 374:433 chitosan (CS) - rectorite (REC) intercalated composite films 374:433 During this process, chitosan (CS) - rectorite (REC) intercalated composite films are built on the surface of cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibrous mats by a coating machine. 27770697 0 38 theme films 36:40 arg1 Production 0:9 Production 0:9 Production of thick uniform-coating films 0:40 Production of thick uniform-coating films containing rectorite on nanofibers through the use of an automated coating machine. 27770697 5 39 theme nanofibrous 1056:1066 arg1 mats 1068:1071 nanofibrous mats 1056:1071 nanofibrous mats using a coating machine 1056:1095 The results of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicate that it is feasible to assemble nanofibrous mats using a coating machine. 27770697 2 40 theme intercalated 406:417 arg1 films 429:433 chitosan (CS) - rectorite (REC) intercalated composite films 374:433 chitosan (CS) - rectorite (REC) intercalated composite films 374:433 During this process, chitosan (CS) - rectorite (REC) intercalated composite films are built on the surface of cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibrous mats by a coating machine. 27770697 7 41 theme antibacterial 1285:1297 arg1 test 1299:1302 antibacterial test 1285:1302 antibacterial test 1285:1302 The results of the cell experiment and antibacterial test demonstrate that the addition of REC not only has little impact on the cytocompatibility of the mats but also enhances their ability to inhibit bacteria. 27770697 3 42 theme nanofibers 692:701 arg1 surface 659:665 the surface 655:665 the surface of negatively charged CA nanofibers 655:701 Then, the immersion process is utilized to allow positively charged CS or CS-REC intercalated composites to uniformly assemble on the surface of negatively charged CA nanofibers. 27770697 4 43 theme specific 817:824 arg1 area 834:837 high specific surface area 812:837 high specific surface area 812:837 An investigation into the morphology of the resultant scaffolds confirms that the uniquely small pore size, high specific surface area and typically three-dimensional (3D) structure of nanofibrous mats remain present. 27770697 4 44 theme scaffolds 758:766 arg1 morphology 730:739 the morphology 726:739 the morphology of the resultant scaffolds 726:766 An investigation into the morphology of the resultant scaffolds confirms that the uniquely small pore size, high specific surface area and typically three-dimensional (3D) structure of nanofibrous mats remain present. 27770697 6 45 theme wide-angle 1208:1217 arg1 WAXRD 1238:1242 WAXRD 1238:1242 WAXRD 1238:1242 The intercalated structure of CS-REC is confirmed by the results of small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXRD). 27770697 6 45 theme wide-angle 1208:1217 arg1 diffraction 1225:1235 wide-angle X-ray diffraction 1208:1235 wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXRD) 1208:1243 The intercalated structure of CS-REC is confirmed by the results of small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXRD). 27770697 7 46 contain has 1350:1352 arg2 impact 1361:1366 little impact 1354:1366 little impact 1354:1366 The results of the cell experiment and antibacterial test demonstrate that the addition of REC not only has little impact on the cytocompatibility of the mats but also enhances their ability to inhibit bacteria. 27770697 7 46 contain has 1350:1352 arg1 addition 1325:1332 the addition 1321:1332 the addition of REC 1321:1339 The results of the cell experiment and antibacterial test demonstrate that the addition of REC not only has little impact on the cytocompatibility of the mats but also enhances their ability to inhibit bacteria. 27770697 4 47 theme three-dimensional 853:869 arg1 structure 876:884 typically three-dimensional (3D) structure 843:884 typically three-dimensional (3D) structure of nanofibrous mats 843:904 An investigation into the morphology of the resultant scaffolds confirms that the uniquely small pore size, high specific surface area and typically three-dimensional (3D) structure of nanofibrous mats remain present. 27770697 3 48 theme CA 689:690 arg1 nanofibers 692:701 negatively charged CA nanofibers 670:701 negatively charged CA nanofibers 670:701 Then, the immersion process is utilized to allow positively charged CS or CS-REC intercalated composites to uniformly assemble on the surface of negatively charged CA nanofibers. 27770697 4 49 theme high 812:815 arg1 area 834:837 high specific surface area 812:837 high specific surface area 812:837 An investigation into the morphology of the resultant scaffolds confirms that the uniquely small pore size, high specific surface area and typically three-dimensional (3D) structure of nanofibrous mats remain present. 27770697 3 50 theme CS 593:594 arg1 composites 619:628 positively charged CS or CS-REC intercalated composites 574:628 positively charged CS or CS-REC intercalated composites 574:628 Then, the immersion process is utilized to allow positively charged CS or CS-REC intercalated composites to uniformly assemble on the surface of negatively charged CA nanofibers. 27770697 4 51 theme resultant 748:756 arg1 scaffolds 758:766 the resultant scaffolds 744:766 the resultant scaffolds 744:766 An investigation into the morphology of the resultant scaffolds confirms that the uniquely small pore size, high specific surface area and typically three-dimensional (3D) structure of nanofibrous mats remain present. 27770697 1 52 theme mats 295:298 arg1 surface 280:286 the surface 276:286 the surface of the mats, which can be eliminated through ultimate immersion 276:350 When an efficient automated coating machine is used to process layer-by-layer (LBL) deposited nanofibrous mats, it causes an obvious planar effect on the surface of the mats, which can be eliminated through ultimate immersion. 27770697 2 53 theme mats 498:501 arg1 surface 452:458 the surface 448:458 the surface of cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibrous mats 448:501 During this process, chitosan (CS) - rectorite (REC) intercalated composite films are built on the surface of cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibrous mats by a coating machine. 27770697 6 54 theme CS-REC 1128:1133 arg1 structure 1115:1123 The intercalated structure 1098:1123 The intercalated structure of CS-REC 1098:1133 The intercalated structure of CS-REC is confirmed by the results of small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXRD). 27770697 3 55 theme immersion 535:543 arg1 process 545:551 the immersion process 531:551 the immersion process 531:551 Then, the immersion process is utilized to allow positively charged CS or CS-REC intercalated composites to uniformly assemble on the surface of negatively charged CA nanofibers. 27770697 1 56 theme deposited 210:218 arg1 mats 232:235 layer-by-layer (LBL) deposited nanofibrous mats 189:235 layer-by-layer (LBL) deposited nanofibrous mats 189:235 When an efficient automated coating machine is used to process layer-by-layer (LBL) deposited nanofibrous mats, it causes an obvious planar effect on the surface of the mats, which can be eliminated through ultimate immersion. 27770697 2 57 theme nanofibrous 486:496 arg1 mats 498:501 cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibrous mats 463:501 cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibrous mats 463:501 During this process, chitosan (CS) - rectorite (REC) intercalated composite films are built on the surface of cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibrous mats by a coating machine. 27770697 1 58 theme nanofibrous 220:230 arg1 mats 232:235 layer-by-layer (LBL) deposited nanofibrous mats 189:235 layer-by-layer (LBL) deposited nanofibrous mats 189:235 When an efficient automated coating machine is used to process layer-by-layer (LBL) deposited nanofibrous mats, it causes an obvious planar effect on the surface of the mats, which can be eliminated through ultimate immersion. 27770697 4 59 theme mats 901:904 arg1 structure 876:884 typically three-dimensional (3D) structure 843:884 typically three-dimensional (3D) structure of nanofibrous mats 843:904 An investigation into the morphology of the resultant scaffolds confirms that the uniquely small pore size, high specific surface area and typically three-dimensional (3D) structure of nanofibrous mats remain present. 27770697 4 59 theme mats 901:904 arg1 area 834:837 high specific surface area 812:837 high specific surface area 812:837 An investigation into the morphology of the resultant scaffolds confirms that the uniquely small pore size, high specific surface area and typically three-dimensional (3D) structure of nanofibrous mats remain present. 27770697 4 59 theme mats 901:904 arg1 size 806:809 the uniquely small pore size 782:809 the uniquely small pore size 782:809 An investigation into the morphology of the resultant scaffolds confirms that the uniquely small pore size, high specific surface area and typically three-dimensional (3D) structure of nanofibrous mats remain present. 27770697 3 60 theme charged 585:591 arg1 composites 619:628 positively charged CS or CS-REC intercalated composites 574:628 positively charged CS or CS-REC intercalated composites 574:628 Then, the immersion process is utilized to allow positively charged CS or CS-REC intercalated composites to uniformly assemble on the surface of negatively charged CA nanofibers. 27770697 1 61 used used 173:176 arg2 machine 162:168 an efficient automated coating machine 131:168 an efficient automated coating machine 131:168 When an efficient automated coating machine is used to process layer-by-layer (LBL) deposited nanofibrous mats, it causes an obvious planar effect on the surface of the mats, which can be eliminated through ultimate immersion. 27770697 1 62 theme efficient 134:142 arg1 machine 162:168 an efficient automated coating machine 131:168 an efficient automated coating machine 131:168 When an efficient automated coating machine is used to process layer-by-layer (LBL) deposited nanofibrous mats, it causes an obvious planar effect on the surface of the mats, which can be eliminated through ultimate immersion. 27770697 5 63 theme coating 1081:1087 arg1 machine 1089:1095 a coating machine 1079:1095 a coating machine 1079:1095 The results of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicate that it is feasible to assemble nanofibrous mats using a coating machine. 27770697 4 64 theme nanofibrous 889:899 arg1 mats 901:904 nanofibrous mats 889:904 nanofibrous mats 889:904 An investigation into the morphology of the resultant scaffolds confirms that the uniquely small pore size, high specific surface area and typically three-dimensional (3D) structure of nanofibrous mats remain present. 27770697 6 65 theme intercalated 1102:1113 arg1 structure 1115:1123 The intercalated structure 1098:1123 The intercalated structure of CS-REC 1098:1133 The intercalated structure of CS-REC is confirmed by the results of small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXRD). 27770697 1 66 theme automated 144:152 arg1 machine 162:168 an efficient automated coating machine 131:168 an efficient automated coating machine 131:168 When an efficient automated coating machine is used to process layer-by-layer (LBL) deposited nanofibrous mats, it causes an obvious planar effect on the surface of the mats, which can be eliminated through ultimate immersion. 27770697 7 67 theme mats 1400:1403 arg1 cytocompatibility 1375:1391 the cytocompatibility 1371:1391 the cytocompatibility of the mats 1371:1403 The results of the cell experiment and antibacterial test demonstrate that the addition of REC not only has little impact on the cytocompatibility of the mats but also enhances their ability to inhibit bacteria. 28189225 0 0 theme reinforcement 90:102 arg1 potential 104:112 its reinforcement potential 86:112 its reinforcement potential 86:112 Preparation and characterization of nanocrystalline cellulose from Acacia mangium and its reinforcement potential. 28189225 4 1 theme Acacia 426:431 arg1 mangium 433:439 Acacia mangium 426:439 Acacia mangium 426:439 Prior to acid hydrolysis, Acacia mangium was subjected to pulping followed by bleaching in order to remove non-cellulosic fragments. 28189225 4 2 theme non-cellulosic 507:520 arg1 fragments 522:530 non-cellulosic fragments 507:530 non-cellulosic fragments 507:530 Prior to acid hydrolysis, Acacia mangium was subjected to pulping followed by bleaching in order to remove non-cellulosic fragments. 28189225 5 3 theme needle-like 597:607 arg1 NCC 609:611 the needle-like NCC 593:611 the needle-like NCC 593:611 Acid hydrolysis was carried out on bleached pulp to produce the needle-like NCC with 79% crystallinity and aspect ratio of 26. 28189225 4 4 dep subjected 445:453 arg1 followed 466:473 followed 466:473 followed by bleaching in order to remove non-cellulosic fragments 466:530 Prior to acid hydrolysis, Acacia mangium was subjected to pulping followed by bleaching in order to remove non-cellulosic fragments. 28189225 3 5 theme 64wt 368:371 arg1 % 372:372 % 372:372 % 372:372 Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was prepared from Acacia mangium wood pulp via 64wt% sulfuric acid hydrolysis. 28189225 5 6 theme 26 656:657 arg1 % 620:620 79% crystallinity and aspect ratio 618:651 % 620:620 Acid hydrolysis was carried out on bleached pulp to produce the needle-like NCC with 79% crystallinity and aspect ratio of 26. 28189225 5 6 theme 26 656:657 arg1 aspect 640:645 aspect 640:645 aspect 640:645 Acid hydrolysis was carried out on bleached pulp to produce the needle-like NCC with 79% crystallinity and aspect ratio of 26. 28189225 5 6 theme 26 656:657 arg1 26 656:657 26 656:657 26 656:657 Acid hydrolysis was carried out on bleached pulp to produce the needle-like NCC with 79% crystallinity and aspect ratio of 26. 28189225 4 7 theme acid 409:412 arg1 hydrolysis 414:423 acid hydrolysis 409:423 acid hydrolysis 409:423 Prior to acid hydrolysis, Acacia mangium was subjected to pulping followed by bleaching in order to remove non-cellulosic fragments. 28189225 3 8 theme wood 354:357 arg1 pulp 359:362 Acacia mangium wood pulp 339:362 Acacia mangium wood pulp 339:362 Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was prepared from Acacia mangium wood pulp via 64wt% sulfuric acid hydrolysis. 28189225 5 9 theme bleached 568:575 arg1 pulp 577:580 bleached pulp 568:580 bleached pulp 568:580 Acid hydrolysis was carried out on bleached pulp to produce the needle-like NCC with 79% crystallinity and aspect ratio of 26. 28189225 2 10 dep added 247:251 arg1 value 241:245 value 241:245 value 241:245 Converting Acacia wood into nanocellulose could create new value added products for forest-based industry. 28189225 3 11 theme acid 383:386 arg1 hydrolysis 388:397 64wt% sulfuric acid hydrolysis 368:397 64wt% sulfuric acid hydrolysis 368:397 Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was prepared from Acacia mangium wood pulp via 64wt% sulfuric acid hydrolysis. 28189225 0 12 from potential 104:112 arg1 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 Preparation and characterization of nanocrystalline cellulose from Acacia mangium and its reinforcement potential. 28189225 0 12 from potential 104:112 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and characterization of nanocrystalline cellulose from Acacia mangium and its reinforcement potential. 28189225 3 13 theme % 372:372 arg1 hydrolysis 388:397 64wt% sulfuric acid hydrolysis 368:397 64wt% sulfuric acid hydrolysis 368:397 Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was prepared from Acacia mangium wood pulp via 64wt% sulfuric acid hydrolysis. 28189225 7 14 theme NCC-PVA 778:784 arg1 film 786:789 the NCC-PVA film 774:789 the NCC-PVA film 774:789 Incorporation of 2% NCC improved the tensile of the NCC-PVA film by 30%. 28189225 3 15 theme Nanocrystalline 289:303 arg1 NCC 316:318 NCC 316:318 NCC 316:318 Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was prepared from Acacia mangium wood pulp via 64wt% sulfuric acid hydrolysis. 28189225 3 15 theme Nanocrystalline 289:303 arg1 cellulose 305:313 Nanocrystalline cellulose 289:313 Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) 289:319 Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was prepared from Acacia mangium wood pulp via 64wt% sulfuric acid hydrolysis. 28189225 1 16 theme Acacia 115:120 arg1 tree 146:149 a fast growing tree 131:149 a fast growing tree 131:149 Acacia mangium, a fast growing tree is widely planted in Malaysia. 28189225 1 16 theme Acacia 115:120 arg1 mangium 122:128 Acacia mangium 115:128 Acacia mangium 115:128 Acacia mangium, a fast growing tree is widely planted in Malaysia. 28189225 6 17 theme resulting 664:672 arg1 NCC 674:676 The resulting NCC 660:676 The resulting NCC 660:676 The resulting NCC was mixed with PVA as a reinforcement material. 28189225 6 17 theme resulting 664:672 arg1 material 716:723 a reinforcement material 700:723 a reinforcement material 700:723 The resulting NCC was mixed with PVA as a reinforcement material. 28189225 3 18 theme sulfuric 374:381 arg1 hydrolysis 388:397 64wt% sulfuric acid hydrolysis 368:397 64wt% sulfuric acid hydrolysis 368:397 Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was prepared from Acacia mangium wood pulp via 64wt% sulfuric acid hydrolysis. 28189225 7 19 theme film 786:789 arg1 tensile 763:769 the tensile 759:769 the tensile of the NCC-PVA film by 30% 759:796 Incorporation of 2% NCC improved the tensile of the NCC-PVA film by 30%. 28189225 0 20 theme cellulose 52:60 arg1 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 Preparation and characterization of nanocrystalline cellulose from Acacia mangium and its reinforcement potential. 28189225 0 20 theme cellulose 52:60 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and characterization of nanocrystalline cellulose from Acacia mangium and its reinforcement potential. 28189225 0 21 theme nanocrystalline 36:50 arg1 cellulose 52:60 nanocrystalline cellulose 36:60 nanocrystalline cellulose 36:60 Preparation and characterization of nanocrystalline cellulose from Acacia mangium and its reinforcement potential. 28189225 2 22 theme new 237:239 arg1 products 253:260 new value added products 237:260 new value added products 237:260 Converting Acacia wood into nanocellulose could create new value added products for forest-based industry. 28189225 0 23 theme Acacia 67:72 arg1 mangium 74:80 Acacia mangium 67:80 Acacia mangium 67:80 Preparation and characterization of nanocrystalline cellulose from Acacia mangium and its reinforcement potential. 28189225 0 24 from mangium 74:80 arg1 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 Preparation and characterization of nanocrystalline cellulose from Acacia mangium and its reinforcement potential. 28189225 0 24 from mangium 74:80 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and characterization of nanocrystalline cellulose from Acacia mangium and its reinforcement potential. 28189225 5 25 dep % 620:620 arg1 crystallinity 622:634 crystallinity 622:634 crystallinity 622:634 Acid hydrolysis was carried out on bleached pulp to produce the needle-like NCC with 79% crystallinity and aspect ratio of 26. 28189225 5 25 dep % 620:620 arg1 ratio 647:651 ratio 647:651 ratio 647:651 Acid hydrolysis was carried out on bleached pulp to produce the needle-like NCC with 79% crystallinity and aspect ratio of 26. 28189225 7 26 theme % 744:744 arg1 NCC 746:748 2% NCC 743:748 2% NCC 743:748 Incorporation of 2% NCC improved the tensile of the NCC-PVA film by 30%. 28189225 7 27 theme NCC 746:748 arg1 Incorporation 726:738 Incorporation 726:738 Incorporation of 2% NCC 726:748 Incorporation of 2% NCC improved the tensile of the NCC-PVA film by 30%. 28189225 2 28 theme forest-based 266:277 arg1 industry 279:286 forest-based industry 266:286 forest-based industry 266:286 Converting Acacia wood into nanocellulose could create new value added products for forest-based industry. 28189225 1 29 theme fast 133:136 arg1 tree 146:149 a fast growing tree 131:149 a fast growing tree 131:149 Acacia mangium, a fast growing tree is widely planted in Malaysia. 28189225 1 29 theme fast 133:136 arg1 mangium 122:128 Acacia mangium 115:128 Acacia mangium 115:128 Acacia mangium, a fast growing tree is widely planted in Malaysia. 28189225 1 30 theme growing 138:144 arg1 tree 146:149 a fast growing tree 131:149 a fast growing tree 131:149 Acacia mangium, a fast growing tree is widely planted in Malaysia. 28189225 1 30 theme growing 138:144 arg1 mangium 122:128 Acacia mangium 115:128 Acacia mangium 115:128 Acacia mangium, a fast growing tree is widely planted in Malaysia. 28189225 7 31 theme 2 743:743 arg1 % 744:744 % 744:744 % 744:744 Incorporation of 2% NCC improved the tensile of the NCC-PVA film by 30%. 28189225 3 32 theme Acacia 339:344 arg1 pulp 359:362 Acacia mangium wood pulp 339:362 Acacia mangium wood pulp 339:362 Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was prepared from Acacia mangium wood pulp via 64wt% sulfuric acid hydrolysis. 28189225 2 33 theme Acacia 193:198 arg1 wood 200:203 Acacia wood 193:203 Acacia wood 193:203 Converting Acacia wood into nanocellulose could create new value added products for forest-based industry. 28189225 6 34 theme reinforcement 702:714 arg1 material 716:723 a reinforcement material 700:723 a reinforcement material 700:723 The resulting NCC was mixed with PVA as a reinforcement material. 28189225 6 34 theme reinforcement 702:714 arg1 NCC 674:676 The resulting NCC 660:676 The resulting NCC 660:676 The resulting NCC was mixed with PVA as a reinforcement material. 28189225 3 35 theme mangium 346:352 arg1 pulp 359:362 Acacia mangium wood pulp 339:362 Acacia mangium wood pulp 339:362 Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was prepared from Acacia mangium wood pulp via 64wt% sulfuric acid hydrolysis. 28189225 2 36 theme added 247:251 arg1 products 253:260 new value added products 237:260 new value added products 237:260 Converting Acacia wood into nanocellulose could create new value added products for forest-based industry. 28189225 5 37 theme Acid 533:536 arg1 hydrolysis 538:547 Acid hydrolysis 533:547 Acid hydrolysis 533:547 Acid hydrolysis was carried out on bleached pulp to produce the needle-like NCC with 79% crystallinity and aspect ratio of 26. 25129781 2 0 theme tomato-juice-sucrose 339:358 arg1 medium 360:365 the tomato-juice-sucrose medium 335:365 the tomato-juice-sucrose medium 335:365 L. mesenteroides BD1710 could synthesize approximately 32 g L(-1) dextran in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium when cultured at 28 °C for 48 h, which was on the same level as the dextran yield in a chemically defined medium. 25129781 2 1 theme dextran 435:441 arg1 yield 443:447 the dextran yield 431:447 the dextran yield in a chemically defined medium 431:478 L. mesenteroides BD1710 could synthesize approximately 32 g L(-1) dextran in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium when cultured at 28 °C for 48 h, which was on the same level as the dextran yield in a chemically defined medium. 25129781 4 2 with dextran 862:868 arg1 weight 892:897 a peak molecular weight 875:897 a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches 875:1038 The results of the monosaccharide composition, molecular-weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) showed that the polysaccharide synthesized by L. mesenteroides BD1710 in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium was dextran with a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches. 25129781 4 3 theme mesenteroides 802:814 arg1 BD1710 816:821 L. mesenteroides BD1710 799:821 L. mesenteroides BD1710 799:821 The results of the monosaccharide composition, molecular-weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) showed that the polysaccharide synthesized by L. mesenteroides BD1710 in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium was dextran with a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches. 25129781 4 4 theme d-glucopyranosyl 977:992 arg1 units 994:998 consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units 948:998 consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units 948:998 The results of the monosaccharide composition, molecular-weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) showed that the polysaccharide synthesized by L. mesenteroides BD1710 in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium was dextran with a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches. 25129781 4 4 theme d-glucopyranosyl 977:992 arg1 → 965:965 1 → 6 963:967 1 → 6 963:967 The results of the monosaccharide composition, molecular-weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) showed that the polysaccharide synthesized by L. mesenteroides BD1710 in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium was dextran with a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches. 25129781 4 5 theme linear 920:925 arg1 Da 914:915 6.35 × 10(5)Da 902:915 6.35 × 10(5)Da 902:915 The results of the monosaccharide composition, molecular-weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) showed that the polysaccharide synthesized by L. mesenteroides BD1710 in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium was dextran with a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches. 25129781 4 5 theme linear 920:925 arg1 backbone 927:934 a linear backbone 918:934 a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units 918:998 The results of the monosaccharide composition, molecular-weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) showed that the polysaccharide synthesized by L. mesenteroides BD1710 in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium was dextran with a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches. 25129781 4 6 theme nuclear 712:718 arg1 NMR 748:750 NMR 748:750 NMR 748:750 The results of the monosaccharide composition, molecular-weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) showed that the polysaccharide synthesized by L. mesenteroides BD1710 in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium was dextran with a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches. 25129781 4 6 theme nuclear 712:718 arg1 spectra 739:745 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra 712:745 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) 712:751 The results of the monosaccharide composition, molecular-weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) showed that the polysaccharide synthesized by L. mesenteroides BD1710 in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium was dextran with a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches. 25129781 4 7 theme infrared 684:691 arg1 FTIR 702:705 FTIR 702:705 FTIR 702:705 The results of the monosaccharide composition, molecular-weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) showed that the polysaccharide synthesized by L. mesenteroides BD1710 in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium was dextran with a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches. 25129781 4 7 theme infrared 684:691 arg1 spectra 693:699 infrared spectra 684:699 infrared spectra (FTIR) 684:706 The results of the monosaccharide composition, molecular-weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) showed that the polysaccharide synthesized by L. mesenteroides BD1710 in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium was dextran with a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches. 25129781 2 8 theme defined 465:471 arg1 medium 473:478 a chemically defined medium 452:478 a chemically defined medium 452:478 L. mesenteroides BD1710 could synthesize approximately 32 g L(-1) dextran in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium when cultured at 28 °C for 48 h, which was on the same level as the dextran yield in a chemically defined medium. 25129781 2 9 from dextran 324:330 arg1 medium 360:365 the tomato-juice-sucrose medium 335:365 the tomato-juice-sucrose medium 335:365 L. mesenteroides BD1710 could synthesize approximately 32 g L(-1) dextran in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium when cultured at 28 °C for 48 h, which was on the same level as the dextran yield in a chemically defined medium. 25129781 4 10 dep Fourier 666:672 arg1 transform 674:682 transform 674:682 transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) 674:751 The results of the monosaccharide composition, molecular-weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) showed that the polysaccharide synthesized by L. mesenteroides BD1710 in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium was dextran with a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches. 25129781 1 11 theme synthesis 177:185 arg1 characteristics 103:117 The characteristics 99:117 The characteristics of the growth of Leuconostoc mesenteroides BD1710 and the synthesis of dextran in tomato juice supplemented with 15% sucrose 99:242 The characteristics of the growth of Leuconostoc mesenteroides BD1710 and the synthesis of dextran in tomato juice supplemented with 15% sucrose were assayed. 25129781 4 12 theme consecutive 948:958 arg1 units 994:998 consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units 948:998 consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units 948:998 The results of the monosaccharide composition, molecular-weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) showed that the polysaccharide synthesized by L. mesenteroides BD1710 in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium was dextran with a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches. 25129781 4 12 theme consecutive 948:958 arg1 → 965:965 1 → 6 963:967 1 → 6 963:967 The results of the monosaccharide composition, molecular-weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) showed that the polysaccharide synthesized by L. mesenteroides BD1710 in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium was dextran with a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches. 25129781 4 13 dep % 1019:1019 arg1 6 1018:1018 6 1018:1018 6 1018:1018 The results of the monosaccharide composition, molecular-weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) showed that the polysaccharide synthesized by L. mesenteroides BD1710 in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium was dextran with a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches. 25129781 4 14 theme Da 914:915 arg1 branches 1031:1038 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches 902:1038 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches 902:1038 The results of the monosaccharide composition, molecular-weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) showed that the polysaccharide synthesized by L. mesenteroides BD1710 in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium was dextran with a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches. 25129781 0 15 from mesenteroides 35:47 arg1 juice 66:70 tomato juice 59:70 tomato juice supplemented with sucrose 59:96 Dextran synthesized by Leuconostoc mesenteroides BD1710 in tomato juice supplemented with sucrose. 25129781 4 16 theme tomato-juice-sucrose 830:849 arg1 medium 851:856 the tomato-juice-sucrose medium 826:856 the tomato-juice-sucrose medium 826:856 The results of the monosaccharide composition, molecular-weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) showed that the polysaccharide synthesized by L. mesenteroides BD1710 in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium was dextran with a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches. 25129781 3 17 theme medium 532:537 arg1 viscosity 485:493 The viscosity 481:493 The viscosity of the cultured tomato-juice-sucrose medium with various dextran contents 481:567 The viscosity of the cultured tomato-juice-sucrose medium with various dextran contents was also measured. 25129781 4 18 theme branches 1031:1038 arg1 weight 892:897 a peak molecular weight 875:897 a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches 875:1038 The results of the monosaccharide composition, molecular-weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) showed that the polysaccharide synthesized by L. mesenteroides BD1710 in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium was dextran with a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches. 25129781 1 19 theme dextran 190:196 arg1 synthesis 177:185 the synthesis 173:185 the synthesis of dextran 173:196 The characteristics of the growth of Leuconostoc mesenteroides BD1710 and the synthesis of dextran in tomato juice supplemented with 15% sucrose were assayed. 25129781 1 19 theme dextran 190:196 arg1 growth 126:131 the growth 122:131 the growth of Leuconostoc mesenteroides BD1710 122:167 The characteristics of the growth of Leuconostoc mesenteroides BD1710 and the synthesis of dextran in tomato juice supplemented with 15% sucrose were assayed. 25129781 4 20 link -linked 969:975 arg1 units 994:998 consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units 948:998 consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units 948:998 The results of the monosaccharide composition, molecular-weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) showed that the polysaccharide synthesized by L. mesenteroides BD1710 in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium was dextran with a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches. 25129781 4 20 link -linked 969:975 arg1 → 965:965 1 → 6 963:967 1 → 6 963:967 The results of the monosaccharide composition, molecular-weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) showed that the polysaccharide synthesized by L. mesenteroides BD1710 in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium was dextran with a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches. 25129781 2 21 theme L 318:318 arg1 dextran 324:330 approximately 32 g L(-1) dextran 299:330 approximately 32 g L(-1) dextran in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium 299:365 L. mesenteroides BD1710 could synthesize approximately 32 g L(-1) dextran in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium when cultured at 28 °C for 48 h, which was on the same level as the dextran yield in a chemically defined medium. 25129781 4 22 theme molecular-weight 635:650 arg1 composition 622:632 the monosaccharide composition 603:632 the monosaccharide composition 603:632 The results of the monosaccharide composition, molecular-weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) showed that the polysaccharide synthesized by L. mesenteroides BD1710 in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium was dextran with a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches. 25129781 4 22 theme molecular-weight 635:650 arg1 distribution 652:663 molecular-weight distribution 635:663 molecular-weight distribution 635:663 The results of the monosaccharide composition, molecular-weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) showed that the polysaccharide synthesized by L. mesenteroides BD1710 in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium was dextran with a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches. 25129781 0 23 theme Leuconostoc 23:33 arg1 mesenteroides 35:47 Leuconostoc mesenteroides BD1710 23:54 Leuconostoc mesenteroides BD1710 in tomato juice supplemented with sucrose 23:96 Dextran synthesized by Leuconostoc mesenteroides BD1710 in tomato juice supplemented with sucrose. 25129781 4 24 theme L. 799:800 arg1 BD1710 816:821 L. mesenteroides BD1710 799:821 L. mesenteroides BD1710 799:821 The results of the monosaccharide composition, molecular-weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) showed that the polysaccharide synthesized by L. mesenteroides BD1710 in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium was dextran with a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches. 25129781 2 25 theme g 316:316 arg1 -1 320:321 -1 320:321 -1 320:321 L. mesenteroides BD1710 could synthesize approximately 32 g L(-1) dextran in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium when cultured at 28 °C for 48 h, which was on the same level as the dextran yield in a chemically defined medium. 25129781 2 25 theme g 316:316 arg1 L 318:318 approximately 32 g L 299:318 approximately 32 g L(-1) dextran in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium 299:365 L. mesenteroides BD1710 could synthesize approximately 32 g L(-1) dextran in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium when cultured at 28 °C for 48 h, which was on the same level as the dextran yield in a chemically defined medium. 25129781 4 26 theme α- 1021:1022 arg1 branches 1031:1038 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches 902:1038 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches 902:1038 The results of the monosaccharide composition, molecular-weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) showed that the polysaccharide synthesized by L. mesenteroides BD1710 in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium was dextran with a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches. 25129781 1 27 theme tomato 201:206 arg1 juice 208:212 tomato juice 201:212 tomato juice supplemented with 15% sucrose 201:242 The characteristics of the growth of Leuconostoc mesenteroides BD1710 and the synthesis of dextran in tomato juice supplemented with 15% sucrose were assayed. 25129781 2 28 from yield 443:447 arg1 medium 473:478 a chemically defined medium 452:478 a chemically defined medium 452:478 L. mesenteroides BD1710 could synthesize approximately 32 g L(-1) dextran in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium when cultured at 28 °C for 48 h, which was on the same level as the dextran yield in a chemically defined medium. 25129781 3 29 theme tomato-juice-sucrose 511:530 arg1 medium 532:537 the cultured tomato-juice-sucrose medium 498:537 the cultured tomato-juice-sucrose medium 498:537 The viscosity of the cultured tomato-juice-sucrose medium with various dextran contents was also measured. 25129781 4 30 theme monosaccharide 607:620 arg1 Fourier 666:672 Fourier 666:672 Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) 666:751 The results of the monosaccharide composition, molecular-weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) showed that the polysaccharide synthesized by L. mesenteroides BD1710 in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium was dextran with a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches. 25129781 4 30 theme monosaccharide 607:620 arg1 composition 622:632 the monosaccharide composition 603:632 the monosaccharide composition 603:632 The results of the monosaccharide composition, molecular-weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) showed that the polysaccharide synthesized by L. mesenteroides BD1710 in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium was dextran with a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches. 25129781 4 30 theme monosaccharide 607:620 arg1 distribution 652:663 molecular-weight distribution 635:663 molecular-weight distribution 635:663 The results of the monosaccharide composition, molecular-weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) showed that the polysaccharide synthesized by L. mesenteroides BD1710 in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium was dextran with a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches. 25129781 3 31 with viscosity 485:493 arg1 contents 560:567 various dextran contents 544:567 various dextran contents 544:567 The viscosity of the cultured tomato-juice-sucrose medium with various dextran contents was also measured. 25129781 4 32 theme × 907:907 arg1 Da 914:915 6.35 × 10(5)Da 902:915 6.35 × 10(5)Da 902:915 The results of the monosaccharide composition, molecular-weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) showed that the polysaccharide synthesized by L. mesenteroides BD1710 in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium was dextran with a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches. 25129781 4 32 theme × 907:907 arg1 backbone 927:934 a linear backbone 918:934 a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units 918:998 The results of the monosaccharide composition, molecular-weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) showed that the polysaccharide synthesized by L. mesenteroides BD1710 in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium was dextran with a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches. 25129781 4 33 theme resonance 729:737 arg1 NMR 748:750 NMR 748:750 NMR 748:750 The results of the monosaccharide composition, molecular-weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) showed that the polysaccharide synthesized by L. mesenteroides BD1710 in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium was dextran with a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches. 25129781 4 33 theme resonance 729:737 arg1 spectra 739:745 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra 712:745 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) 712:751 The results of the monosaccharide composition, molecular-weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) showed that the polysaccharide synthesized by L. mesenteroides BD1710 in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium was dextran with a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches. 25129781 0 34 theme tomato 59:64 arg1 juice 66:70 tomato juice 59:70 tomato juice supplemented with sucrose 59:96 Dextran synthesized by Leuconostoc mesenteroides BD1710 in tomato juice supplemented with sucrose. 25129781 4 35 theme peak 877:880 arg1 weight 892:897 a peak molecular weight 875:897 a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches 875:1038 The results of the monosaccharide composition, molecular-weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) showed that the polysaccharide synthesized by L. mesenteroides BD1710 in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium was dextran with a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches. 25129781 3 36 theme various 544:550 arg1 contents 560:567 various dextran contents 544:567 various dextran contents 544:567 The viscosity of the cultured tomato-juice-sucrose medium with various dextran contents was also measured. 25129781 2 37 theme same 417:420 arg1 level 422:426 the same level 413:426 the same level 413:426 L. mesenteroides BD1710 could synthesize approximately 32 g L(-1) dextran in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium when cultured at 28 °C for 48 h, which was on the same level as the dextran yield in a chemically defined medium. 25129781 3 38 theme dextran 552:558 arg1 contents 560:567 various dextran contents 544:567 various dextran contents 544:567 The viscosity of the cultured tomato-juice-sucrose medium with various dextran contents was also measured. 25129781 1 39 theme growth 126:131 arg1 characteristics 103:117 The characteristics 99:117 The characteristics of the growth of Leuconostoc mesenteroides BD1710 and the synthesis of dextran in tomato juice supplemented with 15% sucrose 99:242 The characteristics of the growth of Leuconostoc mesenteroides BD1710 and the synthesis of dextran in tomato juice supplemented with 15% sucrose were assayed. 25129781 1 40 from characteristics 103:117 arg1 juice 208:212 tomato juice 201:212 tomato juice supplemented with 15% sucrose 201:242 The characteristics of the growth of Leuconostoc mesenteroides BD1710 and the synthesis of dextran in tomato juice supplemented with 15% sucrose were assayed. 25129781 2 41 theme mesenteroides 261:273 arg1 BD1710 275:280 L. mesenteroides BD1710 258:280 L. mesenteroides BD1710 258:280 L. mesenteroides BD1710 could synthesize approximately 32 g L(-1) dextran in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium when cultured at 28 °C for 48 h, which was on the same level as the dextran yield in a chemically defined medium. 25129781 4 42 dep α- 1021:1022 arg1 % 1019:1019 % 1019:1019 % 1019:1019 The results of the monosaccharide composition, molecular-weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) showed that the polysaccharide synthesized by L. mesenteroides BD1710 in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium was dextran with a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches. 25129781 3 43 theme cultured 502:509 arg1 medium 532:537 the cultured tomato-juice-sucrose medium 498:537 the cultured tomato-juice-sucrose medium 498:537 The viscosity of the cultured tomato-juice-sucrose medium with various dextran contents was also measured. 25129781 1 44 theme 15 232:233 arg1 % 234:234 % 234:234 % 234:234 The characteristics of the growth of Leuconostoc mesenteroides BD1710 and the synthesis of dextran in tomato juice supplemented with 15% sucrose were assayed. 25129781 4 45 theme molecular 882:890 arg1 weight 892:897 a peak molecular weight 875:897 a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches 875:1038 The results of the monosaccharide composition, molecular-weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) showed that the polysaccharide synthesized by L. mesenteroides BD1710 in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium was dextran with a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches. 25129781 2 46 theme L. 258:259 arg1 BD1710 275:280 L. mesenteroides BD1710 258:280 L. mesenteroides BD1710 258:280 L. mesenteroides BD1710 could synthesize approximately 32 g L(-1) dextran in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium when cultured at 28 °C for 48 h, which was on the same level as the dextran yield in a chemically defined medium. 25129781 4 47 theme magnetic 720:727 arg1 NMR 748:750 NMR 748:750 NMR 748:750 The results of the monosaccharide composition, molecular-weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) showed that the polysaccharide synthesized by L. mesenteroides BD1710 in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium was dextran with a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches. 25129781 4 47 theme magnetic 720:727 arg1 spectra 739:745 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra 712:745 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) 712:751 The results of the monosaccharide composition, molecular-weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) showed that the polysaccharide synthesized by L. mesenteroides BD1710 in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium was dextran with a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches. 25129781 1 48 theme Leuconostoc 136:146 arg1 mesenteroides 148:160 Leuconostoc mesenteroides BD1710 136:167 Leuconostoc mesenteroides BD1710 136:167 The characteristics of the growth of Leuconostoc mesenteroides BD1710 and the synthesis of dextran in tomato juice supplemented with 15% sucrose were assayed. 25129781 1 49 theme % 234:234 arg1 sucrose 236:242 15% sucrose 232:242 15% sucrose 232:242 The characteristics of the growth of Leuconostoc mesenteroides BD1710 and the synthesis of dextran in tomato juice supplemented with 15% sucrose were assayed. 25129781 1 50 theme mesenteroides 148:160 arg1 synthesis 177:185 the synthesis 173:185 the synthesis of dextran 173:196 The characteristics of the growth of Leuconostoc mesenteroides BD1710 and the synthesis of dextran in tomato juice supplemented with 15% sucrose were assayed. 25129781 1 50 theme mesenteroides 148:160 arg1 growth 126:131 the growth 122:131 the growth of Leuconostoc mesenteroides BD1710 122:167 The characteristics of the growth of Leuconostoc mesenteroides BD1710 and the synthesis of dextran in tomato juice supplemented with 15% sucrose were assayed. 25129781 4 51 theme composition 622:632 arg1 results 592:598 The results 588:598 The results of the monosaccharide composition, molecular-weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) 588:751 The results of the monosaccharide composition, molecular-weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) showed that the polysaccharide synthesized by L. mesenteroides BD1710 in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium was dextran with a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches. 25129781 4 52 theme α- 960:961 arg1 units 994:998 consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units 948:998 consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units 948:998 The results of the monosaccharide composition, molecular-weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) showed that the polysaccharide synthesized by L. mesenteroides BD1710 in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium was dextran with a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches. 25129781 4 52 theme α- 960:961 arg1 → 965:965 1 → 6 963:967 1 → 6 963:967 The results of the monosaccharide composition, molecular-weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) showed that the polysaccharide synthesized by L. mesenteroides BD1710 in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium was dextran with a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches. 25129781 4 53 theme -linked 969:975 arg1 units 994:998 consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units 948:998 consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units 948:998 The results of the monosaccharide composition, molecular-weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) showed that the polysaccharide synthesized by L. mesenteroides BD1710 in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium was dextran with a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches. 25129781 4 53 theme -linked 969:975 arg1 → 965:965 1 → 6 963:967 1 → 6 963:967 The results of the monosaccharide composition, molecular-weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) showed that the polysaccharide synthesized by L. mesenteroides BD1710 in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium was dextran with a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches. 25662694 0 0 theme industry 85:92 arg1 water 50:54 waste water 44:54 waste water of candied jujube-processing industry using Acetobacter xylinum 44:118 Production of nano bacterial cellulose from waste water of candied jujube-processing industry using Acetobacter xylinum. 25662694 1 1 theme structure 330:338 arg1 properties 340:349 the structure properties 326:349 the structure properties of bacterial cellulose membranes 326:382 The work is aimed to investigate the suitability of waste water of candied jujube-processing industry for the production of bacterial cellulose (BC) by Gluconacetobacter xylinum CGMCC No.2955 and to study the structure properties of bacterial cellulose membranes. 25662694 5 2 theme pretreatment 793:804 arg1 medium 806:811 pretreatment medium 793:811 pretreatment medium 793:811 The crystallinity index of BC from pretreatment medium was lower than that of without pretreatment medium and BCs from various media had similar chemical binding. 25662694 3 3 theme volumetric 496:505 arg1 yield 507:511 The volumetric yield 492:511 The volumetric yield of bacterial cellulose in hydrolysate 492:549 The volumetric yield of bacterial cellulose in hydrolysate was 2.25 g/L, which was 1.5-folds of that in waste water of candied jujube. 25662694 3 3 theme volumetric 496:505 arg1 g/L 560:562 2.25 g/L 555:562 2.25 g/L 555:562 The volumetric yield of bacterial cellulose in hydrolysate was 2.25 g/L, which was 1.5-folds of that in waste water of candied jujube. 25662694 1 4 theme bacterial 354:362 arg1 membranes 374:382 bacterial cellulose membranes 354:382 bacterial cellulose membranes 354:382 The work is aimed to investigate the suitability of waste water of candied jujube-processing industry for the production of bacterial cellulose (BC) by Gluconacetobacter xylinum CGMCC No.2955 and to study the structure properties of bacterial cellulose membranes. 25662694 1 5 theme cellulose 255:263 arg1 production 231:240 the production 227:240 the production of bacterial cellulose (BC) by Gluconacetobacter xylinum CGMCC No.2955 227:311 The work is aimed to investigate the suitability of waste water of candied jujube-processing industry for the production of bacterial cellulose (BC) by Gluconacetobacter xylinum CGMCC No.2955 and to study the structure properties of bacterial cellulose membranes. 25662694 0 6 theme jujube-processing 67:83 arg1 industry 85:92 candied jujube-processing industry 59:92 candied jujube-processing industry using Acetobacter xylinum 59:118 Production of nano bacterial cellulose from waste water of candied jujube-processing industry using Acetobacter xylinum. 25662694 2 7 theme jujube 484:489 arg1 water 467:471 waste water 461:471 waste water of candied jujube 461:489 After acid pretreatment, the glucose of hydrolysate was higher than that of waste water of candied jujube. 25662694 0 8 theme Acetobacter 100:110 arg1 xylinum 112:118 Acetobacter xylinum 100:118 Acetobacter xylinum 100:118 Production of nano bacterial cellulose from waste water of candied jujube-processing industry using Acetobacter xylinum. 25662694 3 9 from yield 507:511 arg1 hydrolysate 539:549 hydrolysate 539:549 hydrolysate 539:549 The volumetric yield of bacterial cellulose in hydrolysate was 2.25 g/L, which was 1.5-folds of that in waste water of candied jujube. 25662694 0 10 from water 50:54 arg1 Production 0:9 Production 0:9 Production of nano bacterial cellulose from waste water of candied jujube-processing industry using Acetobacter xylinum. 0:119 Production of nano bacterial cellulose from waste water of candied jujube-processing industry using Acetobacter xylinum. 25662694 6 11 theme key 944:946 arg1 citrate 930:936 Ammonium citrate 921:936 Ammonium citrate 921:936 Ammonium citrate was a key factor for improving production yield and the crystallinity index of BC. 25662694 6 11 theme key 944:946 arg1 factor 948:953 a key factor 942:953 a key factor for improving production yield and the crystallinity index of BC 942:1018 Ammonium citrate was a key factor for improving production yield and the crystallinity index of BC. 25662694 6 12 theme production 969:978 arg1 yield 980:984 production yield 969:984 production yield 969:984 Ammonium citrate was a key factor for improving production yield and the crystallinity index of BC. 25662694 1 13 theme cellulose 364:372 arg1 membranes 374:382 bacterial cellulose membranes 354:382 bacterial cellulose membranes 354:382 The work is aimed to investigate the suitability of waste water of candied jujube-processing industry for the production of bacterial cellulose (BC) by Gluconacetobacter xylinum CGMCC No.2955 and to study the structure properties of bacterial cellulose membranes. 25662694 3 14 theme cellulose 526:534 arg1 yield 507:511 The volumetric yield 492:511 The volumetric yield of bacterial cellulose in hydrolysate 492:549 The volumetric yield of bacterial cellulose in hydrolysate was 2.25 g/L, which was 1.5-folds of that in waste water of candied jujube. 25662694 3 14 theme cellulose 526:534 arg1 g/L 560:562 2.25 g/L 555:562 2.25 g/L 555:562 The volumetric yield of bacterial cellulose in hydrolysate was 2.25 g/L, which was 1.5-folds of that in waste water of candied jujube. 25662694 2 15 theme acid 391:394 arg1 pretreatment 396:407 acid pretreatment 391:407 acid pretreatment 391:407 After acid pretreatment, the glucose of hydrolysate was higher than that of waste water of candied jujube. 25662694 5 16 theme crystallinity 762:774 arg1 lower 817:821 lower 817:821 lower 817:821 The crystallinity index of BC from pretreatment medium was lower than that of without pretreatment medium and BCs from various media had similar chemical binding. 25662694 5 16 theme crystallinity 762:774 arg1 index 776:780 The crystallinity index 758:780 The crystallinity index of BC from pretreatment medium 758:811 The crystallinity index of BC from pretreatment medium was lower than that of without pretreatment medium and BCs from various media had similar chemical binding. 25662694 1 17 theme membranes 374:382 arg1 properties 340:349 the structure properties 326:349 the structure properties of bacterial cellulose membranes 326:382 The work is aimed to investigate the suitability of waste water of candied jujube-processing industry for the production of bacterial cellulose (BC) by Gluconacetobacter xylinum CGMCC No.2955 and to study the structure properties of bacterial cellulose membranes. 25662694 5 18 from media 885:889 arg1 BCs 868:870 BCs 868:870 BCs from various media 868:889 The crystallinity index of BC from pretreatment medium was lower than that of without pretreatment medium and BCs from various media had similar chemical binding. 25662694 1 19 theme waste 173:177 arg1 water 179:183 waste water 173:183 waste water of candied jujube-processing industry 173:221 The work is aimed to investigate the suitability of waste water of candied jujube-processing industry for the production of bacterial cellulose (BC) by Gluconacetobacter xylinum CGMCC No.2955 and to study the structure properties of bacterial cellulose membranes. 25662694 2 20 theme candied 476:482 arg1 jujube 484:489 candied jujube 476:489 candied jujube 476:489 After acid pretreatment, the glucose of hydrolysate was higher than that of waste water of candied jujube. 25662694 5 21 theme similar 895:901 arg1 binding 912:918 similar chemical binding 895:918 similar chemical binding 895:918 The crystallinity index of BC from pretreatment medium was lower than that of without pretreatment medium and BCs from various media had similar chemical binding. 25662694 1 22 theme water 179:183 arg1 suitability 158:168 the suitability 154:168 the suitability of waste water of candied jujube-processing industry for the production of bacterial cellulose (BC) by Gluconacetobacter xylinum CGMCC No.2955 154:311 The work is aimed to investigate the suitability of waste water of candied jujube-processing industry for the production of bacterial cellulose (BC) by Gluconacetobacter xylinum CGMCC No.2955 and to study the structure properties of bacterial cellulose membranes. 25662694 5 23 theme chemical 903:910 arg1 binding 912:918 similar chemical binding 895:918 similar chemical binding 895:918 The crystallinity index of BC from pretreatment medium was lower than that of without pretreatment medium and BCs from various media had similar chemical binding. 25662694 0 24 theme bacterial 19:27 arg1 cellulose 29:37 nano bacterial cellulose 14:37 nano bacterial cellulose 14:37 Production of nano bacterial cellulose from waste water of candied jujube-processing industry using Acetobacter xylinum. 25662694 1 25 theme Gluconacetobacter 273:289 arg1 No.2955 305:311 Gluconacetobacter xylinum CGMCC No.2955 273:311 Gluconacetobacter xylinum CGMCC No.2955 273:311 The work is aimed to investigate the suitability of waste water of candied jujube-processing industry for the production of bacterial cellulose (BC) by Gluconacetobacter xylinum CGMCC No.2955 and to study the structure properties of bacterial cellulose membranes. 25662694 4 26 theme average 720:726 arg1 diameter 728:735 an average diameter 717:735 an average diameter being around 5.9 nm 717:755 The structures indicated that the fiber size distribution was 3-14 nm in those media with an average diameter being around 5.9 nm. 25662694 1 27 theme candied 188:194 arg1 industry 214:221 candied jujube-processing industry 188:221 candied jujube-processing industry 188:221 The work is aimed to investigate the suitability of waste water of candied jujube-processing industry for the production of bacterial cellulose (BC) by Gluconacetobacter xylinum CGMCC No.2955 and to study the structure properties of bacterial cellulose membranes. 25662694 0 28 theme nano 14:17 arg1 cellulose 29:37 nano bacterial cellulose 14:37 nano bacterial cellulose 14:37 Production of nano bacterial cellulose from waste water of candied jujube-processing industry using Acetobacter xylinum. 25662694 1 29 theme xylinum 291:297 arg1 No.2955 305:311 Gluconacetobacter xylinum CGMCC No.2955 273:311 Gluconacetobacter xylinum CGMCC No.2955 273:311 The work is aimed to investigate the suitability of waste water of candied jujube-processing industry for the production of bacterial cellulose (BC) by Gluconacetobacter xylinum CGMCC No.2955 and to study the structure properties of bacterial cellulose membranes. 25662694 1 30 theme jujube-processing 196:212 arg1 industry 214:221 candied jujube-processing industry 188:221 candied jujube-processing industry 188:221 The work is aimed to investigate the suitability of waste water of candied jujube-processing industry for the production of bacterial cellulose (BC) by Gluconacetobacter xylinum CGMCC No.2955 and to study the structure properties of bacterial cellulose membranes. 25662694 1 31 theme CGMCC 299:303 arg1 No.2955 305:311 Gluconacetobacter xylinum CGMCC No.2955 273:311 Gluconacetobacter xylinum CGMCC No.2955 273:311 The work is aimed to investigate the suitability of waste water of candied jujube-processing industry for the production of bacterial cellulose (BC) by Gluconacetobacter xylinum CGMCC No.2955 and to study the structure properties of bacterial cellulose membranes. 25662694 6 32 theme Ammonium 921:928 arg1 citrate 930:936 Ammonium citrate 921:936 Ammonium citrate 921:936 Ammonium citrate was a key factor for improving production yield and the crystallinity index of BC. 25662694 6 32 theme Ammonium 921:928 arg1 factor 948:953 a key factor 942:953 a key factor for improving production yield and the crystallinity index of BC 942:1018 Ammonium citrate was a key factor for improving production yield and the crystallinity index of BC. 25662694 1 33 theme industry 214:221 arg1 water 179:183 waste water 173:183 waste water of candied jujube-processing industry 173:221 The work is aimed to investigate the suitability of waste water of candied jujube-processing industry for the production of bacterial cellulose (BC) by Gluconacetobacter xylinum CGMCC No.2955 and to study the structure properties of bacterial cellulose membranes. 25662694 0 34 theme cellulose 29:37 arg1 Production 0:9 Production 0:9 Production of nano bacterial cellulose from waste water of candied jujube-processing industry using Acetobacter xylinum. 0:119 Production of nano bacterial cellulose from waste water of candied jujube-processing industry using Acetobacter xylinum. 25662694 3 35 theme candied 611:617 arg1 jujube 619:624 candied jujube 611:624 candied jujube 611:624 The volumetric yield of bacterial cellulose in hydrolysate was 2.25 g/L, which was 1.5-folds of that in waste water of candied jujube. 25662694 3 36 theme that 588:591 arg1 1.5-folds 575:583 1.5-folds 575:583 1.5-folds 575:583 The volumetric yield of bacterial cellulose in hydrolysate was 2.25 g/L, which was 1.5-folds of that in waste water of candied jujube. 25662694 5 37 contain had 891:893 arg1 BCs 868:870 BCs 868:870 BCs from various media 868:889 The crystallinity index of BC from pretreatment medium was lower than that of without pretreatment medium and BCs from various media had similar chemical binding. 25662694 5 37 contain had 891:893 arg2 binding 912:918 similar chemical binding 895:918 similar chemical binding 895:918 The crystallinity index of BC from pretreatment medium was lower than that of without pretreatment medium and BCs from various media had similar chemical binding. 25662694 5 38 theme BC 785:786 arg1 lower 817:821 lower 817:821 lower 817:821 The crystallinity index of BC from pretreatment medium was lower than that of without pretreatment medium and BCs from various media had similar chemical binding. 25662694 5 38 theme BC 785:786 arg1 index 776:780 The crystallinity index 758:780 The crystallinity index of BC from pretreatment medium 758:811 The crystallinity index of BC from pretreatment medium was lower than that of without pretreatment medium and BCs from various media had similar chemical binding. 25662694 2 39 theme waste 461:465 arg1 water 467:471 waste water 461:471 waste water of candied jujube 461:489 After acid pretreatment, the glucose of hydrolysate was higher than that of waste water of candied jujube. 25662694 5 40 theme pretreatment 844:855 arg1 medium 857:862 pretreatment medium 844:862 pretreatment medium 844:862 The crystallinity index of BC from pretreatment medium was lower than that of without pretreatment medium and BCs from various media had similar chemical binding. 25662694 3 41 theme jujube 619:624 arg1 water 602:606 waste water 596:606 waste water of candied jujube 596:624 The volumetric yield of bacterial cellulose in hydrolysate was 2.25 g/L, which was 1.5-folds of that in waste water of candied jujube. 25662694 5 42 from index 776:780 arg1 medium 806:811 pretreatment medium 793:811 pretreatment medium 793:811 The crystallinity index of BC from pretreatment medium was lower than that of without pretreatment medium and BCs from various media had similar chemical binding. 25662694 0 43 theme waste 44:48 arg1 water 50:54 waste water 44:54 waste water of candied jujube-processing industry using Acetobacter xylinum 44:118 Production of nano bacterial cellulose from waste water of candied jujube-processing industry using Acetobacter xylinum. 25662694 5 44 theme various 877:883 arg1 media 885:889 various media 877:889 various media 877:889 The crystallinity index of BC from pretreatment medium was lower than that of without pretreatment medium and BCs from various media had similar chemical binding. 25662694 4 45 with media 706:710 arg1 diameter 728:735 an average diameter 717:735 an average diameter being around 5.9 nm 717:755 The structures indicated that the fiber size distribution was 3-14 nm in those media with an average diameter being around 5.9 nm. 25662694 4 46 theme fiber 661:665 arg1 distribution 672:683 the fiber size distribution 657:683 the fiber size distribution 657:683 The structures indicated that the fiber size distribution was 3-14 nm in those media with an average diameter being around 5.9 nm. 25662694 4 46 theme fiber 661:665 arg1 nm 694:695 3-14 nm 689:695 3-14 nm 689:695 The structures indicated that the fiber size distribution was 3-14 nm in those media with an average diameter being around 5.9 nm. 25662694 5 47 from medium 806:811 arg1 lower 817:821 lower 817:821 lower 817:821 The crystallinity index of BC from pretreatment medium was lower than that of without pretreatment medium and BCs from various media had similar chemical binding. 25662694 5 47 from medium 806:811 arg1 BC 785:786 BC 785:786 BC from pretreatment medium 785:811 The crystallinity index of BC from pretreatment medium was lower than that of without pretreatment medium and BCs from various media had similar chemical binding. 25662694 5 47 from medium 806:811 arg1 index 776:780 The crystallinity index 758:780 The crystallinity index of BC from pretreatment medium 758:811 The crystallinity index of BC from pretreatment medium was lower than that of without pretreatment medium and BCs from various media had similar chemical binding. 25662694 6 48 theme BC 1017:1018 arg1 yield 980:984 production yield 969:984 production yield 969:984 Ammonium citrate was a key factor for improving production yield and the crystallinity index of BC. 25662694 6 48 theme BC 1017:1018 arg1 index 1008:1012 the crystallinity index 990:1012 the crystallinity index of BC 990:1018 Ammonium citrate was a key factor for improving production yield and the crystallinity index of BC. 25662694 3 49 dep g/L 560:562 arg1 1.5-folds 575:583 1.5-folds 575:583 1.5-folds 575:583 The volumetric yield of bacterial cellulose in hydrolysate was 2.25 g/L, which was 1.5-folds of that in waste water of candied jujube. 25662694 4 50 from nm 694:695 arg1 media 706:710 those media 700:710 those media with an average diameter being around 5.9 nm 700:755 The structures indicated that the fiber size distribution was 3-14 nm in those media with an average diameter being around 5.9 nm. 25662694 0 51 theme candied 59:65 arg1 industry 85:92 candied jujube-processing industry 59:92 candied jujube-processing industry using Acetobacter xylinum 59:118 Production of nano bacterial cellulose from waste water of candied jujube-processing industry using Acetobacter xylinum. 25662694 6 52 theme crystallinity 994:1006 arg1 index 1008:1012 the crystallinity index 990:1012 the crystallinity index of BC 990:1018 Ammonium citrate was a key factor for improving production yield and the crystallinity index of BC. 25662694 2 53 theme hydrolysate 425:435 arg1 glucose 414:420 the glucose 410:420 the glucose of hydrolysate 410:435 After acid pretreatment, the glucose of hydrolysate was higher than that of waste water of candied jujube. 25662694 2 53 theme hydrolysate 425:435 arg1 higher 441:446 higher 441:446 higher 441:446 After acid pretreatment, the glucose of hydrolysate was higher than that of waste water of candied jujube. 25662694 4 54 theme size 667:670 arg1 distribution 672:683 the fiber size distribution 657:683 the fiber size distribution 657:683 The structures indicated that the fiber size distribution was 3-14 nm in those media with an average diameter being around 5.9 nm. 25662694 4 54 theme size 667:670 arg1 nm 694:695 3-14 nm 689:695 3-14 nm 689:695 The structures indicated that the fiber size distribution was 3-14 nm in those media with an average diameter being around 5.9 nm. 25662694 3 55 theme waste 596:600 arg1 water 602:606 waste water 596:606 waste water of candied jujube 596:624 The volumetric yield of bacterial cellulose in hydrolysate was 2.25 g/L, which was 1.5-folds of that in waste water of candied jujube. 25662694 3 56 theme bacterial 516:524 arg1 cellulose 526:534 bacterial cellulose 516:534 bacterial cellulose 516:534 The volumetric yield of bacterial cellulose in hydrolysate was 2.25 g/L, which was 1.5-folds of that in waste water of candied jujube. 25662694 1 57 theme bacterial 245:253 arg1 BC 266:267 BC 266:267 BC 266:267 The work is aimed to investigate the suitability of waste water of candied jujube-processing industry for the production of bacterial cellulose (BC) by Gluconacetobacter xylinum CGMCC No.2955 and to study the structure properties of bacterial cellulose membranes. 25662694 1 57 theme bacterial 245:253 arg1 cellulose 255:263 bacterial cellulose 245:263 bacterial cellulose (BC) 245:268 The work is aimed to investigate the suitability of waste water of candied jujube-processing industry for the production of bacterial cellulose (BC) by Gluconacetobacter xylinum CGMCC No.2955 and to study the structure properties of bacterial cellulose membranes. 29175637 0 0 theme water 80:84 arg1 uptake 86:91 water uptake 80:91 water uptake 80:91 Pectin and cellulose cell wall composition enables different strategies to leaf water uptake in plants from tropical fog mountain. 29175637 9 1 theme higher 1316:1321 arg1 speed 1323:1327 a higher speed 1314:1327 a higher speed 1314:1327 The species with abundant detection of cellulose in their epidermal cell walls absorbed more water, but more slowly, while those with abundant detection of pectins absorbed water at a higher speed. 29175637 10 2 theme water 1431:1435 arg1 uptake 1437:1442 water uptake 1431:1442 water uptake by the leaf epidermis 1431:1464 These results indicate that cell wall composition regarding pectin and cellulose are significant for water uptake by the leaf epidermis. 29175637 7 3 theme other 886:890 arg1 species 896:902 The other two species 882:902 The other two species 882:902 The other two species presented opposite behavior, namely, low leaf water uptake and the highest values of water absorption speed. 29175637 5 4 from Differences 712:722 arg1 LWU 727:729 LWU 727:729 LWU 727:729 Differences in LWU among the four species were clearly revealed. 29175637 2 5 theme epidermis 431:439 arg1 composition 411:421 the cell wall composition 397:421 the cell wall composition of leaf epidermis 397:439 Four plant species from the Brazilian fog mountain fields were evaluated in order to detect if leaf water uptake capacity is related to the cell wall composition of leaf epidermis. 29175637 9 6 theme abundant 1266:1273 arg1 detection 1275:1283 abundant detection 1266:1283 abundant detection of pectins 1266:1294 The species with abundant detection of cellulose in their epidermal cell walls absorbed more water, but more slowly, while those with abundant detection of pectins absorbed water at a higher speed. 29175637 6 7 theme water 819:823 arg1 content 825:831 higher maximum leaf water content 799:831 higher maximum leaf water content 799:831 Two species presented higher maximum leaf water content and the lowest values of water absorption speed. 29175637 4 8 theme wall 535:538 arg1 composition 540:550 Cell wall composition 530:550 Cell wall composition 530:550 Cell wall composition was verified through immunocytochemistry using monoclonal antibodies recognizing pectin compounds, and histochemistry with calcofluor white to track cellulose. 29175637 6 9 theme leaf 814:817 arg1 content 825:831 higher maximum leaf water content 799:831 higher maximum leaf water content 799:831 Two species presented higher maximum leaf water content and the lowest values of water absorption speed. 29175637 3 10 theme biochemical 496:506 arg1 traits 508:513 anatomical and biochemical traits 481:513 anatomical and biochemical traits 481:513 LWU measurements and their relation to anatomical and biochemical traits were analyzed. 29175637 8 11 theme anatomical 1017:1026 arg1 traits 1028:1033 The anatomical traits 1013:1033 The anatomical traits associated with the cell wall composition 1013:1075 The anatomical traits associated with the cell wall composition corroborated the data on the different LWU strategies. 29175637 2 12 from fields 312:317 arg1 species 272:278 Four plant species 261:278 Four plant species from the Brazilian fog mountain fields 261:317 Four plant species from the Brazilian fog mountain fields were evaluated in order to detect if leaf water uptake capacity is related to the cell wall composition of leaf epidermis. 29175637 12 13 theme cell 1661:1664 arg1 walls 1666:1670 epidermal cell walls 1651:1670 epidermal cell walls 1651:1670 Current data indicate that the composition of epidermal cell walls is a relevant trait for leaf water uptake. 29175637 8 14 from data 1094:1097 arg1 strategies 1120:1129 the different LWU strategies 1102:1129 the different LWU strategies 1102:1129 The anatomical traits associated with the cell wall composition corroborated the data on the different LWU strategies. 29175637 9 15 theme pectins 1288:1294 arg1 detection 1275:1283 abundant detection 1266:1283 abundant detection of pectins 1266:1294 The species with abundant detection of cellulose in their epidermal cell walls absorbed more water, but more slowly, while those with abundant detection of pectins absorbed water at a higher speed. 29175637 10 16 theme leaf 1451:1454 arg1 epidermis 1456:1464 the leaf epidermis 1447:1464 the leaf epidermis 1447:1464 These results indicate that cell wall composition regarding pectin and cellulose are significant for water uptake by the leaf epidermis. 29175637 6 17 theme higher 799:804 arg1 content 825:831 higher maximum leaf water content 799:831 higher maximum leaf water content 799:831 Two species presented higher maximum leaf water content and the lowest values of water absorption speed. 29175637 3 18 theme anatomical 481:490 arg1 traits 508:513 anatomical and biochemical traits 481:513 anatomical and biochemical traits 481:513 LWU measurements and their relation to anatomical and biochemical traits were analyzed. 29175637 12 19 theme epidermal 1651:1659 arg1 walls 1666:1670 epidermal cell walls 1651:1670 epidermal cell walls 1651:1670 Current data indicate that the composition of epidermal cell walls is a relevant trait for leaf water uptake. 29175637 2 20 theme leaf 356:359 arg1 capacity 374:381 leaf water uptake capacity 356:381 leaf water uptake capacity 356:381 Four plant species from the Brazilian fog mountain fields were evaluated in order to detect if leaf water uptake capacity is related to the cell wall composition of leaf epidermis. 29175637 11 21 dep greater 1483:1489 arg1 porosity 1491:1498 porosity 1491:1498 porosity 1491:1498 Pectin provides greater porosity and absorption speed, while cellulose provides greater hydrophilicity and greater water uptake capacity. 29175637 11 21 dep greater 1483:1489 arg1 absorption 1504:1513 absorption 1504:1513 absorption 1504:1513 Pectin provides greater porosity and absorption speed, while cellulose provides greater hydrophilicity and greater water uptake capacity. 29175637 9 22 theme epidermal 1190:1198 arg1 walls 1205:1209 their epidermal cell walls 1184:1209 their epidermal cell walls 1184:1209 The species with abundant detection of cellulose in their epidermal cell walls absorbed more water, but more slowly, while those with abundant detection of pectins absorbed water at a higher speed. 29175637 0 23 from mountain 121:128 arg1 leaf 75:78 leaf 75:78 leaf 75:78 Pectin and cellulose cell wall composition enables different strategies to leaf water uptake in plants from tropical fog mountain. 29175637 0 23 from mountain 121:128 arg1 plants 96:101 plants 96:101 plants from tropical fog mountain 96:128 Pectin and cellulose cell wall composition enables different strategies to leaf water uptake in plants from tropical fog mountain. 29175637 9 24 from detection 1158:1166 arg1 walls 1205:1209 their epidermal cell walls 1184:1209 their epidermal cell walls 1184:1209 The species with abundant detection of cellulose in their epidermal cell walls absorbed more water, but more slowly, while those with abundant detection of pectins absorbed water at a higher speed. 29175637 2 25 theme cell 401:404 arg1 composition 411:421 the cell wall composition 397:421 the cell wall composition of leaf epidermis 397:439 Four plant species from the Brazilian fog mountain fields were evaluated in order to detect if leaf water uptake capacity is related to the cell wall composition of leaf epidermis. 29175637 8 26 theme cell 1055:1058 arg1 composition 1065:1075 the cell wall composition 1051:1075 the cell wall composition 1051:1075 The anatomical traits associated with the cell wall composition corroborated the data on the different LWU strategies. 29175637 9 27 theme cell 1200:1203 arg1 walls 1205:1209 their epidermal cell walls 1184:1209 their epidermal cell walls 1184:1209 The species with abundant detection of cellulose in their epidermal cell walls absorbed more water, but more slowly, while those with abundant detection of pectins absorbed water at a higher speed. 29175637 12 28 theme walls 1666:1670 arg1 composition 1636:1646 the composition 1632:1646 the composition of epidermal cell walls 1632:1670 Current data indicate that the composition of epidermal cell walls is a relevant trait for leaf water uptake. 29175637 12 28 theme walls 1666:1670 arg1 trait 1686:1690 a relevant trait 1675:1690 a relevant trait for leaf water uptake 1675:1712 Current data indicate that the composition of epidermal cell walls is a relevant trait for leaf water uptake. 29175637 12 29 theme Current 1605:1611 arg1 data 1613:1616 Current data 1605:1616 Current data 1605:1616 Current data indicate that the composition of epidermal cell walls is a relevant trait for leaf water uptake. 29175637 1 30 theme different 242:250 arg1 species 252:258 different species 242:258 different species 242:258 Leaf water uptake (LWU) has been observed in plants of different ecosystems and this process is distinct among different species. 29175637 4 31 with antibodies 610:619 arg1 white 686:690 white 686:690 white 686:690 Cell wall composition was verified through immunocytochemistry using monoclonal antibodies recognizing pectin compounds, and histochemistry with calcofluor white to track cellulose. 29175637 10 32 theme cell 1358:1361 arg1 composition 1368:1378 cell wall composition 1358:1378 cell wall composition regarding pectin and cellulose 1358:1409 These results indicate that cell wall composition regarding pectin and cellulose are significant for water uptake by the leaf epidermis. 29175637 4 33 with histochemistry 655:668 arg1 white 686:690 white 686:690 white 686:690 Cell wall composition was verified through immunocytochemistry using monoclonal antibodies recognizing pectin compounds, and histochemistry with calcofluor white to track cellulose. 29175637 0 34 theme cell 21:24 arg1 composition 31:41 cellulose cell wall composition 11:41 cellulose cell wall composition 11:41 Pectin and cellulose cell wall composition enables different strategies to leaf water uptake in plants from tropical fog mountain. 29175637 7 35 theme low 941:943 arg1 uptake 956:961 low leaf water uptake 941:961 low leaf water uptake 941:961 The other two species presented opposite behavior, namely, low leaf water uptake and the highest values of water absorption speed. 29175637 0 36 theme fog 117:119 arg1 mountain 121:128 tropical fog mountain 108:128 tropical fog mountain 108:128 Pectin and cellulose cell wall composition enables different strategies to leaf water uptake in plants from tropical fog mountain. 29175637 7 37 theme leaf 945:948 arg1 uptake 956:961 low leaf water uptake 941:961 low leaf water uptake 941:961 The other two species presented opposite behavior, namely, low leaf water uptake and the highest values of water absorption speed. 29175637 9 38 theme cellulose 1171:1179 arg1 detection 1158:1166 abundant detection 1149:1166 abundant detection of cellulose in their epidermal cell walls 1149:1209 The species with abundant detection of cellulose in their epidermal cell walls absorbed more water, but more slowly, while those with abundant detection of pectins absorbed water at a higher speed. 29175637 7 39 theme water 950:954 arg1 uptake 956:961 low leaf water uptake 941:961 low leaf water uptake 941:961 The other two species presented opposite behavior, namely, low leaf water uptake and the highest values of water absorption speed. 29175637 0 40 theme cellulose 11:19 arg1 composition 31:41 cellulose cell wall composition 11:41 cellulose cell wall composition 11:41 Pectin and cellulose cell wall composition enables different strategies to leaf water uptake in plants from tropical fog mountain. 29175637 4 41 theme Cell 530:533 arg1 composition 540:550 Cell wall composition 530:550 Cell wall composition 530:550 Cell wall composition was verified through immunocytochemistry using monoclonal antibodies recognizing pectin compounds, and histochemistry with calcofluor white to track cellulose. 29175637 0 42 theme tropical 108:115 arg1 mountain 121:128 tropical fog mountain 108:128 tropical fog mountain 108:128 Pectin and cellulose cell wall composition enables different strategies to leaf water uptake in plants from tropical fog mountain. 29175637 6 43 theme absorption 864:873 arg1 values 848:853 the lowest values 837:853 the lowest values of water absorption 837:873 Two species presented higher maximum leaf water content and the lowest values of water absorption speed. 29175637 2 44 theme plant 266:270 arg1 species 272:278 Four plant species 261:278 Four plant species from the Brazilian fog mountain fields 261:317 Four plant species from the Brazilian fog mountain fields were evaluated in order to detect if leaf water uptake capacity is related to the cell wall composition of leaf epidermis. 29175637 2 45 theme leaf 426:429 arg1 epidermis 431:439 leaf epidermis 426:439 leaf epidermis 426:439 Four plant species from the Brazilian fog mountain fields were evaluated in order to detect if leaf water uptake capacity is related to the cell wall composition of leaf epidermis. 29175637 0 46 from leaf 75:78 arg1 mountain 121:128 tropical fog mountain 108:128 tropical fog mountain 108:128 Pectin and cellulose cell wall composition enables different strategies to leaf water uptake in plants from tropical fog mountain. 29175637 0 46 from leaf 75:78 arg1 plants 96:101 plants 96:101 plants from tropical fog mountain 96:128 Pectin and cellulose cell wall composition enables different strategies to leaf water uptake in plants from tropical fog mountain. 29175637 8 47 theme wall 1060:1063 arg1 composition 1065:1075 the cell wall composition 1051:1075 the cell wall composition 1051:1075 The anatomical traits associated with the cell wall composition corroborated the data on the different LWU strategies. 29175637 2 48 theme uptake 367:372 arg1 capacity 374:381 leaf water uptake capacity 356:381 leaf water uptake capacity 356:381 Four plant species from the Brazilian fog mountain fields were evaluated in order to detect if leaf water uptake capacity is related to the cell wall composition of leaf epidermis. 29175637 0 49 theme wall 26:29 arg1 composition 31:41 cellulose cell wall composition 11:41 cellulose cell wall composition 11:41 Pectin and cellulose cell wall composition enables different strategies to leaf water uptake in plants from tropical fog mountain. 29175637 9 50 with species 1136:1142 arg1 detection 1158:1166 abundant detection 1149:1166 abundant detection of cellulose in their epidermal cell walls 1149:1209 The species with abundant detection of cellulose in their epidermal cell walls absorbed more water, but more slowly, while those with abundant detection of pectins absorbed water at a higher speed. 29175637 7 51 theme absorption 995:1004 arg1 behavior 923:930 opposite behavior 914:930 opposite behavior 914:930 The other two species presented opposite behavior, namely, low leaf water uptake and the highest values of water absorption speed. 29175637 7 51 theme absorption 995:1004 arg1 values 979:984 the highest values 967:984 the highest values of water absorption speed 967:1010 The other two species presented opposite behavior, namely, low leaf water uptake and the highest values of water absorption speed. 29175637 7 51 theme absorption 995:1004 arg1 uptake 956:961 low leaf water uptake 941:961 low leaf water uptake 941:961 The other two species presented opposite behavior, namely, low leaf water uptake and the highest values of water absorption speed. 29175637 2 52 theme water 361:365 arg1 capacity 374:381 leaf water uptake capacity 356:381 leaf water uptake capacity 356:381 Four plant species from the Brazilian fog mountain fields were evaluated in order to detect if leaf water uptake capacity is related to the cell wall composition of leaf epidermis. 29175637 0 53 theme different 51:59 arg1 strategies 61:70 different strategies 51:70 different strategies 51:70 Pectin and cellulose cell wall composition enables different strategies to leaf water uptake in plants from tropical fog mountain. 29175637 6 54 theme maximum 806:812 arg1 content 825:831 higher maximum leaf water content 799:831 higher maximum leaf water content 799:831 Two species presented higher maximum leaf water content and the lowest values of water absorption speed. 29175637 3 55 theme LWU 442:444 arg1 measurements 446:457 LWU measurements 442:457 LWU measurements 442:457 LWU measurements and their relation to anatomical and biochemical traits were analyzed. 29175637 2 56 theme wall 406:409 arg1 composition 411:421 the cell wall composition 397:421 the cell wall composition of leaf epidermis 397:439 Four plant species from the Brazilian fog mountain fields were evaluated in order to detect if leaf water uptake capacity is related to the cell wall composition of leaf epidermis. 29175637 10 57 theme wall 1363:1366 arg1 composition 1368:1378 cell wall composition 1358:1378 cell wall composition regarding pectin and cellulose 1358:1409 These results indicate that cell wall composition regarding pectin and cellulose are significant for water uptake by the leaf epidermis. 29175637 6 58 theme lowest 841:846 arg1 values 848:853 the lowest values 837:853 the lowest values of water absorption 837:873 Two species presented higher maximum leaf water content and the lowest values of water absorption speed. 29175637 11 59 theme greater 1574:1580 arg1 capacity 1595:1602 greater water uptake capacity 1574:1602 greater water uptake capacity 1574:1602 Pectin provides greater porosity and absorption speed, while cellulose provides greater hydrophilicity and greater water uptake capacity. 29175637 2 60 theme mountain 303:310 arg1 fields 312:317 the Brazilian fog mountain fields 285:317 the Brazilian fog mountain fields 285:317 Four plant species from the Brazilian fog mountain fields were evaluated in order to detect if leaf water uptake capacity is related to the cell wall composition of leaf epidermis. 29175637 12 61 theme water 1701:1705 arg1 uptake 1707:1712 leaf water uptake 1696:1712 leaf water uptake 1696:1712 Current data indicate that the composition of epidermal cell walls is a relevant trait for leaf water uptake. 29175637 11 62 theme greater 1547:1553 arg1 hydrophilicity 1555:1568 greater hydrophilicity 1547:1568 greater hydrophilicity 1547:1568 Pectin provides greater porosity and absorption speed, while cellulose provides greater hydrophilicity and greater water uptake capacity. 29175637 8 63 theme different 1106:1114 arg1 strategies 1120:1129 the different LWU strategies 1102:1129 the different LWU strategies 1102:1129 The anatomical traits associated with the cell wall composition corroborated the data on the different LWU strategies. 29175637 1 64 located observed 164:171 arg2 LWU 150:152 LWU 150:152 LWU 150:152 Leaf water uptake (LWU) has been observed in plants of different ecosystems and this process is distinct among different species. 29175637 1 64 located observed 164:171 arg2 uptake 142:147 Leaf water uptake 131:147 Leaf water uptake (LWU) 131:153 Leaf water uptake (LWU) has been observed in plants of different ecosystems and this process is distinct among different species. 29175637 1 64 located observed 164:171 arg1 plants 176:181 plants 176:181 plants of different ecosystems 176:205 Leaf water uptake (LWU) has been observed in plants of different ecosystems and this process is distinct among different species. 29175637 7 65 theme water 989:993 arg1 absorption 995:1004 water absorption speed 989:1010 water absorption speed 989:1010 The other two species presented opposite behavior, namely, low leaf water uptake and the highest values of water absorption speed. 29175637 2 66 theme fog 299:301 arg1 fields 312:317 the Brazilian fog mountain fields 285:317 the Brazilian fog mountain fields 285:317 Four plant species from the Brazilian fog mountain fields were evaluated in order to detect if leaf water uptake capacity is related to the cell wall composition of leaf epidermis. 29175637 7 67 theme opposite 914:921 arg1 behavior 923:930 opposite behavior 914:930 opposite behavior 914:930 The other two species presented opposite behavior, namely, low leaf water uptake and the highest values of water absorption speed. 29175637 1 68 theme different 186:194 arg1 ecosystems 196:205 different ecosystems 186:205 different ecosystems 186:205 Leaf water uptake (LWU) has been observed in plants of different ecosystems and this process is distinct among different species. 29175637 11 69 theme water 1582:1586 arg1 capacity 1595:1602 greater water uptake capacity 1574:1602 greater water uptake capacity 1574:1602 Pectin provides greater porosity and absorption speed, while cellulose provides greater hydrophilicity and greater water uptake capacity. 29175637 11 70 theme uptake 1588:1593 arg1 capacity 1595:1602 greater water uptake capacity 1574:1602 greater water uptake capacity 1574:1602 Pectin provides greater porosity and absorption speed, while cellulose provides greater hydrophilicity and greater water uptake capacity. 29175637 7 71 theme highest 971:977 arg1 values 979:984 the highest values 967:984 the highest values of water absorption speed 967:1010 The other two species presented opposite behavior, namely, low leaf water uptake and the highest values of water absorption speed. 29175637 2 72 theme Brazilian 289:297 arg1 fields 312:317 the Brazilian fog mountain fields 285:317 the Brazilian fog mountain fields 285:317 Four plant species from the Brazilian fog mountain fields were evaluated in order to detect if leaf water uptake capacity is related to the cell wall composition of leaf epidermis. 29175637 1 73 theme ecosystems 196:205 arg1 plants 176:181 plants 176:181 plants of different ecosystems 176:205 Leaf water uptake (LWU) has been observed in plants of different ecosystems and this process is distinct among different species. 29175637 6 74 theme water 858:862 arg1 absorption 864:873 water absorption 858:873 water absorption 858:873 Two species presented higher maximum leaf water content and the lowest values of water absorption speed. 29175637 4 75 theme pectin 633:638 arg1 compounds 640:648 pectin compounds 633:648 pectin compounds 633:648 Cell wall composition was verified through immunocytochemistry using monoclonal antibodies recognizing pectin compounds, and histochemistry with calcofluor white to track cellulose. 29175637 9 76 theme more 1220:1223 arg1 water 1225:1229 more water 1220:1229 more water 1220:1229 The species with abundant detection of cellulose in their epidermal cell walls absorbed more water, but more slowly, while those with abundant detection of pectins absorbed water at a higher speed. 29175637 1 77 theme Leaf 131:134 arg1 LWU 150:152 LWU 150:152 LWU 150:152 Leaf water uptake (LWU) has been observed in plants of different ecosystems and this process is distinct among different species. 29175637 1 77 theme Leaf 131:134 arg1 uptake 142:147 Leaf water uptake 131:147 Leaf water uptake (LWU) 131:153 Leaf water uptake (LWU) has been observed in plants of different ecosystems and this process is distinct among different species. 29175637 12 78 theme leaf 1696:1699 arg1 uptake 1707:1712 leaf water uptake 1696:1712 leaf water uptake 1696:1712 Current data indicate that the composition of epidermal cell walls is a relevant trait for leaf water uptake. 29175637 4 79 theme monoclonal 599:608 arg1 antibodies 610:619 monoclonal antibodies 599:619 monoclonal antibodies recognizing pectin compounds 599:648 Cell wall composition was verified through immunocytochemistry using monoclonal antibodies recognizing pectin compounds, and histochemistry with calcofluor white to track cellulose. 29175637 8 80 theme LWU 1116:1118 arg1 strategies 1120:1129 the different LWU strategies 1102:1129 the different LWU strategies 1102:1129 The anatomical traits associated with the cell wall composition corroborated the data on the different LWU strategies. 29175637 9 81 theme abundant 1149:1156 arg1 detection 1158:1166 abundant detection 1149:1166 abundant detection of cellulose in their epidermal cell walls 1149:1209 The species with abundant detection of cellulose in their epidermal cell walls absorbed more water, but more slowly, while those with abundant detection of pectins absorbed water at a higher speed. 29175637 1 82 theme water 136:140 arg1 LWU 150:152 LWU 150:152 LWU 150:152 Leaf water uptake (LWU) has been observed in plants of different ecosystems and this process is distinct among different species. 29175637 1 82 theme water 136:140 arg1 uptake 142:147 Leaf water uptake 131:147 Leaf water uptake (LWU) 131:153 Leaf water uptake (LWU) has been observed in plants of different ecosystems and this process is distinct among different species. 29175637 12 83 theme relevant 1677:1684 arg1 trait 1686:1690 a relevant trait 1675:1690 a relevant trait for leaf water uptake 1675:1712 Current data indicate that the composition of epidermal cell walls is a relevant trait for leaf water uptake. 29175637 12 83 theme relevant 1677:1684 arg1 composition 1636:1646 the composition 1632:1646 the composition of epidermal cell walls 1632:1670 Current data indicate that the composition of epidermal cell walls is a relevant trait for leaf water uptake. 26920588 2 0 theme novel 171:175 arg1 strain 261:266 A novel Gram-stain-negative, yellow, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, gliding bacterial strain 169:266 A novel Gram-stain-negative, yellow, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, gliding bacterial strain 169:266 A novel Gram-stain-negative, yellow, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, gliding bacterial strain, designated Gy8T, was isolated from the surface of Gracilaria blodgettii. 26920588 8 1 theme highest 730:736 arg1 similarity 761:770 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 730:770 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Seonamhaeicola aphaedonensis AH-M5T (95.6 %) 730:818 Strain Gy8T showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Seonamhaeicola aphaedonensis AH-M5T (95.6 %), and these two strains formed a distinct branch in phylogenetic trees generated with the neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony algorithms. 26920588 9 2 theme major 1118:1122 arg1 MK-6 1106:1109 MK-6 1106:1109 MK-6 1106:1109 The novel strain and the reference type strain of the single species described to date in the genus Seonamhaeicola contained MK-6 as the major menaquinone, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 1 as the major fatty acids, and phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown lipid as the major polar lipids. 26920588 9 2 theme major 1118:1122 arg1 menaquinone 1124:1134 the major menaquinone 1114:1134 the major menaquinone 1114:1134 The novel strain and the reference type strain of the single species described to date in the genus Seonamhaeicola contained MK-6 as the major menaquinone, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 1 as the major fatty acids, and phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown lipid as the major polar lipids. 26920588 9 3 theme reference 1006:1014 arg1 strain 1021:1026 the reference type strain 1002:1026 the reference type strain of the single species described to date in the genus Seonamhaeicola 1002:1094 The novel strain and the reference type strain of the single species described to date in the genus Seonamhaeicola contained MK-6 as the major menaquinone, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 1 as the major fatty acids, and phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown lipid as the major polar lipids. 26920588 2 4 dep Gram-stain-negative 177:195 arg1 yellow 198:203 yellow 198:203 yellow 198:203 A novel Gram-stain-negative, yellow, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, gliding bacterial strain, designated Gy8T, was isolated from the surface of Gracilaria blodgettii. 26920588 2 4 dep Gram-stain-negative 177:195 arg1 gliding 243:249 gliding 243:249 gliding 243:249 A novel Gram-stain-negative, yellow, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, gliding bacterial strain, designated Gy8T, was isolated from the surface of Gracilaria blodgettii. 26920588 2 4 dep Gram-stain-negative 177:195 arg1 rod-shaped 206:215 rod-shaped 206:215 rod-shaped 206:215 A novel Gram-stain-negative, yellow, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, gliding bacterial strain, designated Gy8T, was isolated from the surface of Gracilaria blodgettii. 26920588 2 4 dep Gram-stain-negative 177:195 arg1 anaerobic 232:240 anaerobic 232:240 anaerobic 232:240 A novel Gram-stain-negative, yellow, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, gliding bacterial strain, designated Gy8T, was isolated from the surface of Gracilaria blodgettii. 26920588 10 5 theme algicola 1507:1514 arg1 sp 1516:1517 the name Seonamhaeicola algicola sp 1483:1517 the name Seonamhaeicola algicola sp 1483:1517 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain Gy8T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Seonamhaeicola in the family Flavobacteriaceae, phylum Bacteroidetes, for which the name Seonamhaeicola algicola sp. 26920588 9 6 dep iso-C15  1137:1144 arg1  0 1146:1147  0 1146:1147  0 1146:1147 The novel strain and the reference type strain of the single species described to date in the genus Seonamhaeicola contained MK-6 as the major menaquinone, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 1 as the major fatty acids, and phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown lipid as the major polar lipids. 26920588 9 6 dep iso-C15  1137:1144 arg1  1 1162:1163  1 1162:1163 iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 1 as the major fatty acids 1137:1188 The novel strain and the reference type strain of the single species described to date in the genus Seonamhaeicola contained MK-6 as the major menaquinone, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 1 as the major fatty acids, and phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown lipid as the major polar lipids. 26920588 9 6 dep iso-C15  1137:1144 arg1 iso-C15  1153:1160 iso-C15  1153:1160 iso-C15  1153:1160 The novel strain and the reference type strain of the single species described to date in the genus Seonamhaeicola contained MK-6 as the major menaquinone, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 1 as the major fatty acids, and phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown lipid as the major polar lipids. 26920588 10 7 theme chemotaxonomic 1289:1302 arg1 analysis 1321:1328 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis 1277:1328 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis 1277:1328 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain Gy8T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Seonamhaeicola in the family Flavobacteriaceae, phylum Bacteroidetes, for which the name Seonamhaeicola algicola sp. 26920588 10 8 theme phylogenetic 1308:1319 arg1 analysis 1321:1328 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis 1277:1328 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis 1277:1328 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain Gy8T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Seonamhaeicola in the family Flavobacteriaceae, phylum Bacteroidetes, for which the name Seonamhaeicola algicola sp. 26920588 9 9 theme type 1016:1019 arg1 strain 1021:1026 the reference type strain 1002:1026 the reference type strain of the single species described to date in the genus Seonamhaeicola 1002:1094 The novel strain and the reference type strain of the single species described to date in the genus Seonamhaeicola contained MK-6 as the major menaquinone, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 1 as the major fatty acids, and phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown lipid as the major polar lipids. 26920588 8 10 theme rRNA 742:745 arg1 similarity 761:770 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 730:770 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Seonamhaeicola aphaedonensis AH-M5T (95.6 %) 730:818 Strain Gy8T showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Seonamhaeicola aphaedonensis AH-M5T (95.6 %), and these two strains formed a distinct branch in phylogenetic trees generated with the neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony algorithms. 26920588 3 11 theme various 377:383 arg1 alginate 422:429 alginate 422:429 alginate 422:429 This bacterium was able to degrade various polysaccharides, especially agar and alginate. 26920588 3 11 theme various 377:383 arg1 polysaccharides 385:399 various polysaccharides 377:399 various polysaccharides 377:399 This bacterium was able to degrade various polysaccharides, especially agar and alginate. 26920588 3 11 theme various 377:383 arg1 agar 413:416 agar 413:416 agar 413:416 This bacterium was able to degrade various polysaccharides, especially agar and alginate. 26920588 4 12 theme total 477:481 arg1 acids 489:493 the total fatty acids 473:493 the total fatty acids 473:493 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 % of the total fatty acids) were C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C15 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1. 26920588 9 13 theme major 1248:1252 arg1 lipids 1260:1265 the major polar lipids 1244:1265 the major polar lipids 1244:1265 The novel strain and the reference type strain of the single species described to date in the genus Seonamhaeicola contained MK-6 as the major menaquinone, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 1 as the major fatty acids, and phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown lipid as the major polar lipids. 26920588 12 14 theme 42396T = CICC 1571:1583 arg1 Gy8T 1557:1560 Gy8T 1557:1560 Gy8T ( = KCTC 42396T = CICC 23816T) 1557:1591 The type strain is Gy8T ( = KCTC 42396T = CICC 23816T). 26920588 12 14 theme 42396T = CICC 1571:1583 arg1 23816T 1585:1590  = KCTC 42396T = CICC 23816T 1563:1590  = KCTC 42396T = CICC 23816T 1563:1590 The type strain is Gy8T ( = KCTC 42396T = CICC 23816T). 26920588 8 15 theme 16S 738:740 arg1 similarity 761:770 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 730:770 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Seonamhaeicola aphaedonensis AH-M5T (95.6 %) 730:818 Strain Gy8T showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Seonamhaeicola aphaedonensis AH-M5T (95.6 %), and these two strains formed a distinct branch in phylogenetic trees generated with the neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony algorithms. 26920588 10 16 theme name 1487:1490 arg1 sp 1516:1517 the name Seonamhaeicola algicola sp 1483:1517 the name Seonamhaeicola algicola sp 1483:1517 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain Gy8T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Seonamhaeicola in the family Flavobacteriaceae, phylum Bacteroidetes, for which the name Seonamhaeicola algicola sp. 26920588 5 17 theme major 557:561 arg1 MK-6 579:582 MK-6 579:582 MK-6 579:582 The major menaquinone was MK-6. 26920588 5 17 theme major 557:561 arg1 menaquinone 563:573 The major menaquinone 553:573 The major menaquinone 553:573 The major menaquinone was MK-6. 26920588 8 18 theme Seonamhaeicola 775:788 arg1 AH-M5T 804:809 Seonamhaeicola aphaedonensis AH-M5T 775:809 Seonamhaeicola aphaedonensis AH-M5T (95.6 %) 775:818 Strain Gy8T showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Seonamhaeicola aphaedonensis AH-M5T (95.6 %), and these two strains formed a distinct branch in phylogenetic trees generated with the neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony algorithms. 26920588 8 18 theme Seonamhaeicola 775:788 arg1 % 817:817 95.6 % 812:817 95.6 % 812:817 Strain Gy8T showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Seonamhaeicola aphaedonensis AH-M5T (95.6 %), and these two strains formed a distinct branch in phylogenetic trees generated with the neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony algorithms. 26920588 12 19 theme  = KCTC 1563:1569 arg1 Gy8T 1557:1560 Gy8T 1557:1560 Gy8T ( = KCTC 42396T = CICC 23816T) 1557:1591 The type strain is Gy8T ( = KCTC 42396T = CICC 23816T). 26920588 12 19 theme  = KCTC 1563:1569 arg1 23816T 1585:1590  = KCTC 42396T = CICC 23816T 1563:1590  = KCTC 42396T = CICC 23816T 1563:1590 The type strain is Gy8T ( = KCTC 42396T = CICC 23816T). 26920588 8 20 theme maximum-parsimony 951:967 arg1 algorithms 969:978 the neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony algorithms 905:978 the neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony algorithms 905:978 Strain Gy8T showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Seonamhaeicola aphaedonensis AH-M5T (95.6 %), and these two strains formed a distinct branch in phylogenetic trees generated with the neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony algorithms. 26920588 4 21 theme acids 489:493 arg1 acids 489:493 the total fatty acids 473:493 the total fatty acids 473:493 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 % of the total fatty acids) were C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C15 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1. 26920588 4 21 theme acids 489:493 arg1 % 468:468 >10 % 464:468 >10 % of the total fatty acids 464:493 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 % of the total fatty acids) were C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C15 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1. 26920588 1 22 theme Gracilaria 93:102 arg1 blodgettii 104:113 Gracilaria blodgettii 93:113 Gracilaria blodgettii 93:113 nov., a complex-polysaccharide-degrading bacterium isolated from Gracilaria blodgettii, and emended description of the genus Seonamhaeicola. 26920588 0 23 theme algicola 15:22 arg1 sp 24:25 Seonamhaeicola algicola sp 0:25 Seonamhaeicola algicola sp. 0:26 Seonamhaeicola algicola sp. 26920588 4 24 theme fatty 483:487 arg1 acids 489:493 the total fatty acids 473:493 the total fatty acids 473:493 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 % of the total fatty acids) were C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C15 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1. 26920588 10 25 theme Seonamhaeicola 1492:1505 arg1 sp 1516:1517 the name Seonamhaeicola algicola sp 1483:1517 the name Seonamhaeicola algicola sp 1483:1517 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain Gy8T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Seonamhaeicola in the family Flavobacteriaceae, phylum Bacteroidetes, for which the name Seonamhaeicola algicola sp. 26920588 8 26 theme maximum-likelihood 928:945 arg1 algorithms 969:978 the neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony algorithms 905:978 the neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony algorithms 905:978 Strain Gy8T showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Seonamhaeicola aphaedonensis AH-M5T (95.6 %), and these two strains formed a distinct branch in phylogenetic trees generated with the neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony algorithms. 26920588 2 27 theme blodgettii 330:339 arg1 surface 308:314 the surface 304:314 the surface of Gracilaria blodgettii 304:339 A novel Gram-stain-negative, yellow, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, gliding bacterial strain, designated Gy8T, was isolated from the surface of Gracilaria blodgettii. 26920588 9 28 theme single 1035:1040 arg1 species 1042:1048 the single species 1031:1048 the single species described to date in the genus Seonamhaeicola 1031:1094 The novel strain and the reference type strain of the single species described to date in the genus Seonamhaeicola contained MK-6 as the major menaquinone, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 1 as the major fatty acids, and phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown lipid as the major polar lipids. 26920588 0 29 theme Seonamhaeicola 0:13 arg1 sp 24:25 Seonamhaeicola algicola sp 0:25 Seonamhaeicola algicola sp. 0:26 Seonamhaeicola algicola sp. 26920588 1 30 attach isolated 79:86 arg2 bacterium 69:77 a complex-polysaccharide-degrading bacterium 34:77 a complex-polysaccharide-degrading bacterium isolated from Gracilaria blodgettii 34:113 nov., a complex-polysaccharide-degrading bacterium isolated from Gracilaria blodgettii, and emended description of the genus Seonamhaeicola. 26920588 1 30 attach isolated 79:86 arg1 blodgettii 104:113 Gracilaria blodgettii 93:113 Gracilaria blodgettii 93:113 nov., a complex-polysaccharide-degrading bacterium isolated from Gracilaria blodgettii, and emended description of the genus Seonamhaeicola. 26920588 10 31 theme novel 1372:1376 arg1 species 1378:1384 a novel species 1370:1384 a novel species within the genus Seonamhaeicola in the family Flavobacteriaceae 1370:1448 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain Gy8T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Seonamhaeicola in the family Flavobacteriaceae, phylum Bacteroidetes, for which the name Seonamhaeicola algicola sp. 26920588 10 31 theme novel 1372:1376 arg1 Bacteroidetes 1458:1470 phylum Bacteroidetes 1451:1470 phylum Bacteroidetes 1451:1470 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain Gy8T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Seonamhaeicola in the family Flavobacteriaceae, phylum Bacteroidetes, for which the name Seonamhaeicola algicola sp. 26920588 10 32 theme strain 1331:1336 arg1 Gy8T 1338:1341 strain Gy8T 1331:1341 strain Gy8T 1331:1341 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain Gy8T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Seonamhaeicola in the family Flavobacteriaceae, phylum Bacteroidetes, for which the name Seonamhaeicola algicola sp. 26920588 2 33 theme Gracilaria 319:328 arg1 blodgettii 330:339 Gracilaria blodgettii 319:339 Gracilaria blodgettii 319:339 A novel Gram-stain-negative, yellow, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, gliding bacterial strain, designated Gy8T, was isolated from the surface of Gracilaria blodgettii. 26920588 9 34 theme species 1042:1048 arg1 strain 1021:1026 the reference type strain 1002:1026 the reference type strain of the single species described to date in the genus Seonamhaeicola 1002:1094 The novel strain and the reference type strain of the single species described to date in the genus Seonamhaeicola contained MK-6 as the major menaquinone, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 1 as the major fatty acids, and phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown lipid as the major polar lipids. 26920588 9 34 theme species 1042:1048 arg1 strain 991:996 The novel strain 981:996 The novel strain 981:996 The novel strain and the reference type strain of the single species described to date in the genus Seonamhaeicola contained MK-6 as the major menaquinone, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 1 as the major fatty acids, and phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown lipid as the major polar lipids. 26920588 9 35 theme polar 1254:1258 arg1 lipids 1260:1265 the major polar lipids 1244:1265 the major polar lipids 1244:1265 The novel strain and the reference type strain of the single species described to date in the genus Seonamhaeicola contained MK-6 as the major menaquinone, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 1 as the major fatty acids, and phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown lipid as the major polar lipids. 26920588 8 36 theme neighbour-joining 909:925 arg1 algorithms 969:978 the neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony algorithms 905:978 the neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony algorithms 905:978 Strain Gy8T showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Seonamhaeicola aphaedonensis AH-M5T (95.6 %), and these two strains formed a distinct branch in phylogenetic trees generated with the neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony algorithms. 26920588 6 37 theme 35.3 mol 609:616 arg1 content 597:603 The DNA G+C content 585:603 The DNA G+C content 585:603 The DNA G+C content was 35.3 mol%. 26920588 6 37 theme 35.3 mol 609:616 arg1 % 617:617 35.3 mol% 609:617 35.3 mol% 609:617 The DNA G+C content was 35.3 mol%. 26920588 12 38 theme type 1542:1545 arg1 Gy8T 1557:1560 Gy8T 1557:1560 Gy8T ( = KCTC 42396T = CICC 23816T) 1557:1591 The type strain is Gy8T ( = KCTC 42396T = CICC 23816T). 26920588 12 38 theme type 1542:1545 arg1 strain 1547:1552 The type strain 1538:1552 The type strain 1538:1552 The type strain is Gy8T ( = KCTC 42396T = CICC 23816T). 26920588 7 39 theme major 624:628 arg1 lipids 636:641 The major polar lipids 620:641 The major polar lipids 620:641 The major polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine and two unknown polar lipids. 26920588 1 40 theme emended 120:126 arg1 description 128:138 emended description 120:138 emended description of the genus Seonamhaeicola 120:166 nov., a complex-polysaccharide-degrading bacterium isolated from Gracilaria blodgettii, and emended description of the genus Seonamhaeicola. 26920588 7 41 theme polar 630:634 arg1 lipids 636:641 The major polar lipids 620:641 The major polar lipids 620:641 The major polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine and two unknown polar lipids. 26920588 8 42 theme sequence 752:759 arg1 similarity 761:770 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 730:770 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Seonamhaeicola aphaedonensis AH-M5T (95.6 %) 730:818 Strain Gy8T showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Seonamhaeicola aphaedonensis AH-M5T (95.6 %), and these two strains formed a distinct branch in phylogenetic trees generated with the neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony algorithms. 26920588 10 43 theme genus 1397:1401 arg1 Seonamhaeicola 1403:1416 the genus Seonamhaeicola 1393:1416 the genus Seonamhaeicola in the family Flavobacteriaceae 1393:1448 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain Gy8T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Seonamhaeicola in the family Flavobacteriaceae, phylum Bacteroidetes, for which the name Seonamhaeicola algicola sp. 26920588 9 44 theme unknown 1227:1233 arg1 lipid 1235:1239 an unknown lipid 1224:1239 an unknown lipid as the major polar lipids 1224:1265 The novel strain and the reference type strain of the single species described to date in the genus Seonamhaeicola contained MK-6 as the major menaquinone, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 1 as the major fatty acids, and phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown lipid as the major polar lipids. 26920588 9 44 theme unknown 1227:1233 arg1 MK-6 1106:1109 MK-6 1106:1109 MK-6 1106:1109 The novel strain and the reference type strain of the single species described to date in the genus Seonamhaeicola contained MK-6 as the major menaquinone, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 1 as the major fatty acids, and phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown lipid as the major polar lipids. 26920588 2 45 theme bacterial 251:259 arg1 strain 261:266 A novel Gram-stain-negative, yellow, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, gliding bacterial strain 169:266 A novel Gram-stain-negative, yellow, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, gliding bacterial strain 169:266 A novel Gram-stain-negative, yellow, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, gliding bacterial strain, designated Gy8T, was isolated from the surface of Gracilaria blodgettii. 26920588 9 46 contain contained 1096:1104 arg2 lipid 1235:1239 an unknown lipid 1224:1239 an unknown lipid as the major polar lipids 1224:1265 The novel strain and the reference type strain of the single species described to date in the genus Seonamhaeicola contained MK-6 as the major menaquinone, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 1 as the major fatty acids, and phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown lipid as the major polar lipids. 26920588 9 46 contain contained 1096:1104 arg2 MK-6 1106:1109 MK-6 1106:1109 MK-6 1106:1109 The novel strain and the reference type strain of the single species described to date in the genus Seonamhaeicola contained MK-6 as the major menaquinone, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 1 as the major fatty acids, and phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown lipid as the major polar lipids. 26920588 9 46 contain contained 1096:1104 arg1 strain 991:996 The novel strain 981:996 The novel strain 981:996 The novel strain and the reference type strain of the single species described to date in the genus Seonamhaeicola contained MK-6 as the major menaquinone, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 1 as the major fatty acids, and phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown lipid as the major polar lipids. 26920588 9 46 contain contained 1096:1104 arg1 strain 1021:1026 the reference type strain 1002:1026 the reference type strain of the single species described to date in the genus Seonamhaeicola 1002:1094 The novel strain and the reference type strain of the single species described to date in the genus Seonamhaeicola contained MK-6 as the major menaquinone, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 1 as the major fatty acids, and phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown lipid as the major polar lipids. 26920588 9 46 contain contained 1096:1104 arg2 menaquinone 1124:1134 the major menaquinone 1114:1134 the major menaquinone 1114:1134 The novel strain and the reference type strain of the single species described to date in the genus Seonamhaeicola contained MK-6 as the major menaquinone, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 1 as the major fatty acids, and phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown lipid as the major polar lipids. 26920588 4 47 dep C15  501:504 arg1  1 549:550  1 549:550  1 549:550 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 % of the total fatty acids) were C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C15 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1. 26920588 4 47 dep C15  501:504 arg1 C15  523:526 C15  523:526 C15  523:526 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 % of the total fatty acids) were C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C15 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1. 26920588 4 47 dep C15  501:504 arg1 3-OH 531:534  0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1 528:550 3-OH 531:534 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 % of the total fatty acids) were C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C15 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1. 26920588 2 48 theme Gram-stain-negative 177:195 arg1 strain 261:266 A novel Gram-stain-negative, yellow, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, gliding bacterial strain 169:266 A novel Gram-stain-negative, yellow, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, gliding bacterial strain 169:266 A novel Gram-stain-negative, yellow, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, gliding bacterial strain, designated Gy8T, was isolated from the surface of Gracilaria blodgettii. 26920588 9 49 theme major 1172:1176 arg1 acids 1184:1188 the major fatty acids 1168:1188 the major fatty acids 1168:1188 The novel strain and the reference type strain of the single species described to date in the genus Seonamhaeicola contained MK-6 as the major menaquinone, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 1 as the major fatty acids, and phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown lipid as the major polar lipids. 26920588 10 50 from Seonamhaeicola 1403:1416 arg1 Flavobacteriaceae 1432:1448 the family Flavobacteriaceae 1421:1448 the family Flavobacteriaceae 1421:1448 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain Gy8T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Seonamhaeicola in the family Flavobacteriaceae, phylum Bacteroidetes, for which the name Seonamhaeicola algicola sp. 26920588 4 51 theme cellular 442:449 arg1 acids 457:461 The major cellular fatty acids 432:461 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 % of the total fatty acids) 432:494 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 % of the total fatty acids) were C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C15 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1. 26920588 4 51 theme cellular 442:449 arg1 C15  501:504 C15  501:504 C15  501:504 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 % of the total fatty acids) were C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C15 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1. 26920588 9 52 theme fatty 1178:1182 arg1 acids 1184:1188 the major fatty acids 1168:1188 the major fatty acids 1168:1188 The novel strain and the reference type strain of the single species described to date in the genus Seonamhaeicola contained MK-6 as the major menaquinone, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 1 as the major fatty acids, and phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown lipid as the major polar lipids. 26920588 9 53 theme genus 1075:1079 arg1 Seonamhaeicola 1081:1094 the genus Seonamhaeicola 1071:1094 the genus Seonamhaeicola 1071:1094 The novel strain and the reference type strain of the single species described to date in the genus Seonamhaeicola contained MK-6 as the major menaquinone, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 1 as the major fatty acids, and phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown lipid as the major polar lipids. 26920588 6 54 theme G+C 593:595 arg1 content 597:603 The DNA G+C content 585:603 The DNA G+C content 585:603 The DNA G+C content was 35.3 mol%. 26920588 6 54 theme G+C 593:595 arg1 % 617:617 35.3 mol% 609:617 35.3 mol% 609:617 The DNA G+C content was 35.3 mol%. 26920588 2 55 attach isolated 290:297 arg2 strain 261:266 A novel Gram-stain-negative, yellow, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, gliding bacterial strain 169:266 A novel Gram-stain-negative, yellow, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, gliding bacterial strain 169:266 A novel Gram-stain-negative, yellow, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, gliding bacterial strain, designated Gy8T, was isolated from the surface of Gracilaria blodgettii. 26920588 2 55 attach isolated 290:297 arg1 surface 308:314 the surface 304:314 the surface of Gracilaria blodgettii 304:339 A novel Gram-stain-negative, yellow, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, gliding bacterial strain, designated Gy8T, was isolated from the surface of Gracilaria blodgettii. 26920588 4 56 theme major 436:440 arg1 acids 457:461 The major cellular fatty acids 432:461 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 % of the total fatty acids) 432:494 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 % of the total fatty acids) were C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C15 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1. 26920588 4 56 theme major 436:440 arg1 C15  501:504 C15  501:504 C15  501:504 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 % of the total fatty acids) were C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C15 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1. 26920588 8 57 theme distinct 852:859 arg1 branch 861:866 a distinct branch 850:866 a distinct branch 850:866 Strain Gy8T showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Seonamhaeicola aphaedonensis AH-M5T (95.6 %), and these two strains formed a distinct branch in phylogenetic trees generated with the neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony algorithms. 26920588 6 58 theme DNA 589:591 arg1 content 597:603 The DNA G+C content 585:603 The DNA G+C content 585:603 The DNA G+C content was 35.3 mol%. 26920588 6 58 theme DNA 589:591 arg1 % 617:617 35.3 mol% 609:617 35.3 mol% 609:617 The DNA G+C content was 35.3 mol%. 26920588 4 59 dep acids 457:461 arg1 acids 489:493 the total fatty acids 473:493 the total fatty acids 473:493 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 % of the total fatty acids) were C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C15 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1. 26920588 4 59 dep acids 457:461 arg1 % 468:468 >10 % 464:468 >10 % of the total fatty acids 464:493 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 % of the total fatty acids) were C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C15 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1. 26920588 10 60 theme family 1425:1430 arg1 Flavobacteriaceae 1432:1448 the family Flavobacteriaceae 1421:1448 the family Flavobacteriaceae 1421:1448 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain Gy8T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Seonamhaeicola in the family Flavobacteriaceae, phylum Bacteroidetes, for which the name Seonamhaeicola algicola sp. 26920588 8 61 theme phylogenetic 871:882 arg1 trees 884:888 phylogenetic trees 871:888 phylogenetic trees generated with the neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony algorithms 871:978 Strain Gy8T showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Seonamhaeicola aphaedonensis AH-M5T (95.6 %), and these two strains formed a distinct branch in phylogenetic trees generated with the neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony algorithms. 26920588 1 62 theme genus 147:151 arg1 Seonamhaeicola 153:166 the genus Seonamhaeicola 143:166 the genus Seonamhaeicola 143:166 nov., a complex-polysaccharide-degrading bacterium isolated from Gracilaria blodgettii, and emended description of the genus Seonamhaeicola. 26920588 9 63 theme novel 985:989 arg1 strain 991:996 The novel strain 981:996 The novel strain 981:996 The novel strain and the reference type strain of the single species described to date in the genus Seonamhaeicola contained MK-6 as the major menaquinone, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 1 as the major fatty acids, and phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown lipid as the major polar lipids. 26920588 7 64 theme polar 697:701 arg1 lipids 703:708 two unknown polar lipids 685:708 two unknown polar lipids 685:708 The major polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine and two unknown polar lipids. 26920588 4 65 theme fatty 451:455 arg1 acids 457:461 The major cellular fatty acids 432:461 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 % of the total fatty acids) 432:494 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 % of the total fatty acids) were C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C15 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1. 26920588 4 65 theme fatty 451:455 arg1 C15  501:504 C15  501:504 C15  501:504 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 % of the total fatty acids) were C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C15 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1. 26920588 10 66 theme phenotypic 1277:1286 arg1 analysis 1321:1328 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis 1277:1328 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis 1277:1328 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain Gy8T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Seonamhaeicola in the family Flavobacteriaceae, phylum Bacteroidetes, for which the name Seonamhaeicola algicola sp. 26920588 1 67 theme Seonamhaeicola 153:166 arg1 description 128:138 emended description 120:138 emended description of the genus Seonamhaeicola 120:166 nov., a complex-polysaccharide-degrading bacterium isolated from Gracilaria blodgettii, and emended description of the genus Seonamhaeicola. 26920588 1 67 theme Seonamhaeicola 153:166 arg1 bacterium 69:77 a complex-polysaccharide-degrading bacterium 34:77 a complex-polysaccharide-degrading bacterium isolated from Gracilaria blodgettii 34:113 nov., a complex-polysaccharide-degrading bacterium isolated from Gracilaria blodgettii, and emended description of the genus Seonamhaeicola. 26920588 1 67 theme Seonamhaeicola 153:166 arg1 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov., a complex-polysaccharide-degrading bacterium isolated from Gracilaria blodgettii, and emended description of the genus Seonamhaeicola. 26920588 8 68 theme gene 747:750 arg1 similarity 761:770 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 730:770 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Seonamhaeicola aphaedonensis AH-M5T (95.6 %) 730:818 Strain Gy8T showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Seonamhaeicola aphaedonensis AH-M5T (95.6 %), and these two strains formed a distinct branch in phylogenetic trees generated with the neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony algorithms. 26920588 1 69 theme complex-polysaccharide-degrading 36:67 arg1 bacterium 69:77 a complex-polysaccharide-degrading bacterium 34:77 a complex-polysaccharide-degrading bacterium isolated from Gracilaria blodgettii 34:113 nov., a complex-polysaccharide-degrading bacterium isolated from Gracilaria blodgettii, and emended description of the genus Seonamhaeicola. 26920588 7 70 theme unknown 689:695 arg1 lipids 703:708 two unknown polar lipids 685:708 two unknown polar lipids 685:708 The major polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine and two unknown polar lipids. 26920588 8 71 theme aphaedonensis 790:802 arg1 AH-M5T 804:809 Seonamhaeicola aphaedonensis AH-M5T 775:809 Seonamhaeicola aphaedonensis AH-M5T (95.6 %) 775:818 Strain Gy8T showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Seonamhaeicola aphaedonensis AH-M5T (95.6 %), and these two strains formed a distinct branch in phylogenetic trees generated with the neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony algorithms. 26920588 8 71 theme aphaedonensis 790:802 arg1 % 817:817 95.6 % 812:817 95.6 % 812:817 Strain Gy8T showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Seonamhaeicola aphaedonensis AH-M5T (95.6 %), and these two strains formed a distinct branch in phylogenetic trees generated with the neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony algorithms. 26920588 8 72 theme Strain 711:716 arg1 Gy8T 718:721 Strain Gy8T 711:721 Strain Gy8T 711:721 Strain Gy8T showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Seonamhaeicola aphaedonensis AH-M5T (95.6 %), and these two strains formed a distinct branch in phylogenetic trees generated with the neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony algorithms. 28914993 10 0 dep TRIS 1581:1584 arg1 e.g. 1575:1578 e.g. 1575:1578 e.g. 1575:1578 In conclusion, HA incorporation can reduce friction of hydrogels alone and in combination with PRG4 in solution, though in a hydrogel composition-dependent (e.g., TRIS) manner. 28914993 0 1 from solution 152:159 arg1 lubricant 139:147 lubricant 139:147 lubricant 139:147 Hyaluronan incorporation into model contact lens hydrogels as a built-in lubricant: Effect of hydrogel composition and proteoglycan 4 as a lubricant in solution. 28914993 0 2 theme lubricant 73:81 arg1 Effect 84:89 a built-in lubricant: Effect 62:89 a built-in lubricant: Effect of hydrogel composition and proteoglycan 4 62:132 Hyaluronan incorporation into model contact lens hydrogels as a built-in lubricant: Effect of hydrogel composition and proteoglycan 4 as a lubricant in solution. 28914993 3 3 from effect 375:380 arg1 properties 546:555 boundary lubricating properties 525:555 boundary lubricating properties 525:555 The objective of this study was to assess the effect of crosslinked HA into the bulk of model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS on surface wettability, protein sorption, and boundary lubricating properties at a material-cornea biointerface, both alone and synergistically with PRG4 in solution. 28914993 3 3 from effect 375:380 arg1 sorption 511:518 protein sorption 503:518 protein sorption 503:518 The objective of this study was to assess the effect of crosslinked HA into the bulk of model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS on surface wettability, protein sorption, and boundary lubricating properties at a material-cornea biointerface, both alone and synergistically with PRG4 in solution. 28914993 3 3 from effect 375:380 arg1 wettability 490:500 surface wettability 482:500 surface wettability 482:500 The objective of this study was to assess the effect of crosslinked HA into the bulk of model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS on surface wettability, protein sorption, and boundary lubricating properties at a material-cornea biointerface, both alone and synergistically with PRG4 in solution. 28914993 8 4 contain had 1186:1188 arg2 reduction 1207:1215 similar friction reduction 1190:1215 similar friction reduction 1190:1215 This combination had similar friction reduction compared with PRG4sol alone for DMAA/TRIS. 28914993 8 4 contain had 1186:1188 arg1 combination 1174:1184 This combination 1169:1184 This combination 1169:1184 This combination had similar friction reduction compared with PRG4sol alone for DMAA/TRIS. 28914993 10 5 with combination 1496:1506 arg1 PRG4 1513:1516 PRG4 1513:1516 PRG4 in solution 1513:1528 In conclusion, HA incorporation can reduce friction of hydrogels alone and in combination with PRG4 in solution, though in a hydrogel composition-dependent (e.g., TRIS) manner. 28914993 2 6 from present 308:314 arg1 body 323:326 the body 319:326 the body 319:326 Hyaluronan (HA) and proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) are natural boundary lubricants present in the body. 28914993 0 7 from lubricant 139:147 arg1 solution 152:159 solution 152:159 solution 152:159 Hyaluronan incorporation into model contact lens hydrogels as a built-in lubricant: Effect of hydrogel composition and proteoglycan 4 as a lubricant in solution. 28914993 7 8 theme friction 1139:1146 arg1 effect 1120:1125 a synergistic effect 1106:1125 a synergistic effect of reducing friction only for pHEMA/TRIS 1106:1166 A combination of HAinc and PRG4sol had a synergistic effect of reducing friction only for pHEMA/TRIS. 28914993 5 9 theme protein 926:932 arg1 sorption 934:941 protein sorption 926:941 protein sorption for pHEMA and DMAA/TRIS 926:965 HA incorporation (HAinc ) increased the surface wettability of all materials, and reduced protein sorption for pHEMA and DMAA/TRIS. 28914993 2 10 from body 323:326 arg1 present 308:314 present 308:314 present 308:314 Hyaluronan (HA) and proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) are natural boundary lubricants present in the body. 28914993 3 11 dep materials 436:444 arg1 pHEMA 446:450 pHEMA 446:450 pHEMA 446:450 The objective of this study was to assess the effect of crosslinked HA into the bulk of model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS on surface wettability, protein sorption, and boundary lubricating properties at a material-cornea biointerface, both alone and synergistically with PRG4 in solution. 28914993 3 11 dep materials 436:444 arg1 materials 436:444 model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS 417:477 model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS 417:477 The objective of this study was to assess the effect of crosslinked HA into the bulk of model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS on surface wettability, protein sorption, and boundary lubricating properties at a material-cornea biointerface, both alone and synergistically with PRG4 in solution. 28914993 3 11 dep materials 436:444 arg1 pHEMA/TRIS 453:462 pHEMA/TRIS 453:462 pHEMA/TRIS 453:462 The objective of this study was to assess the effect of crosslinked HA into the bulk of model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS on surface wettability, protein sorption, and boundary lubricating properties at a material-cornea biointerface, both alone and synergistically with PRG4 in solution. 28914993 3 11 dep materials 436:444 arg1 DMAA/TRIS 469:477 DMAA/TRIS 469:477 DMAA/TRIS 469:477 The objective of this study was to assess the effect of crosslinked HA into the bulk of model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS on surface wettability, protein sorption, and boundary lubricating properties at a material-cornea biointerface, both alone and synergistically with PRG4 in solution. 28914993 3 12 theme materials 436:444 arg1 bulk 409:412 the bulk 405:412 the bulk of model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS 405:477 The objective of this study was to assess the effect of crosslinked HA into the bulk of model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS on surface wettability, protein sorption, and boundary lubricating properties at a material-cornea biointerface, both alone and synergistically with PRG4 in solution. 28914993 0 13 theme composition 103:113 arg1 Effect 84:89 a built-in lubricant: Effect 62:89 a built-in lubricant: Effect of hydrogel composition and proteoglycan 4 62:132 Hyaluronan incorporation into model contact lens hydrogels as a built-in lubricant: Effect of hydrogel composition and proteoglycan 4 as a lubricant in solution. 28914993 3 14 link crosslinked 385:395 arg1 HA 397:398 crosslinked HA 385:398 crosslinked HA into the bulk of model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS 385:477 The objective of this study was to assess the effect of crosslinked HA into the bulk of model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS on surface wettability, protein sorption, and boundary lubricating properties at a material-cornea biointerface, both alone and synergistically with PRG4 in solution. 28914993 4 15 theme sorption 744:751 arg1 assay 753:757 lysozyme sorption assay 735:757 lysozyme sorption assay 735:757 Surface wettability was assessed by water contact angle measurement, protein sorption by lysozyme sorption assay, and boundary lubricating properties using an in vitro friction test method. 28914993 3 16 theme crosslinked 385:395 arg1 HA 397:398 crosslinked HA 385:398 crosslinked HA into the bulk of model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS 385:477 The objective of this study was to assess the effect of crosslinked HA into the bulk of model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS on surface wettability, protein sorption, and boundary lubricating properties at a material-cornea biointerface, both alone and synergistically with PRG4 in solution. 28914993 8 17 theme similar 1190:1196 arg1 reduction 1207:1215 similar friction reduction 1190:1215 similar friction reduction 1190:1215 This combination had similar friction reduction compared with PRG4sol alone for DMAA/TRIS. 28914993 0 18 theme hydrogel 94:101 arg1 composition 103:113 hydrogel composition 94:113 hydrogel composition 94:113 Hyaluronan incorporation into model contact lens hydrogels as a built-in lubricant: Effect of hydrogel composition and proteoglycan 4 as a lubricant in solution. 28914993 2 19 attach present 308:314 arg2 lubricants 297:306 natural boundary lubricants 280:306 natural boundary lubricants present in the body 280:326 Hyaluronan (HA) and proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) are natural boundary lubricants present in the body. 28914993 2 19 attach present 308:314 arg2 proteoglycan 254:265 proteoglycan 4 254:267 proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) 254:274 Hyaluronan (HA) and proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) are natural boundary lubricants present in the body. 28914993 2 19 attach present 308:314 arg1 body 323:326 the body 319:326 the body 319:326 Hyaluronan (HA) and proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) are natural boundary lubricants present in the body. 28914993 2 19 attach present 308:314 arg2 Hyaluronan 234:243 Hyaluronan 234:243 Hyaluronan (HA) 234:248 Hyaluronan (HA) and proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) are natural boundary lubricants present in the body. 28914993 4 20 theme in 805:806 arg1 method 828:833 an in vitro friction test method 802:833 an in vitro friction test method 802:833 Surface wettability was assessed by water contact angle measurement, protein sorption by lysozyme sorption assay, and boundary lubricating properties using an in vitro friction test method. 28914993 12 21 dep Biomater 1658:1665 arg1 1818-1826 1674:1682 1818-1826 1674:1682 1818-1826 1674:1682 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1818-1826, 2018. 28914993 3 22 theme surface 482:488 arg1 wettability 490:500 surface wettability 482:500 surface wettability 482:500 The objective of this study was to assess the effect of crosslinked HA into the bulk of model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS on surface wettability, protein sorption, and boundary lubricating properties at a material-cornea biointerface, both alone and synergistically with PRG4 in solution. 28914993 3 23 from biointerface 578:589 arg1 wettability 490:500 surface wettability 482:500 surface wettability 482:500 The objective of this study was to assess the effect of crosslinked HA into the bulk of model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS on surface wettability, protein sorption, and boundary lubricating properties at a material-cornea biointerface, both alone and synergistically with PRG4 in solution. 28914993 3 23 from biointerface 578:589 arg1 properties 546:555 boundary lubricating properties 525:555 boundary lubricating properties 525:555 The objective of this study was to assess the effect of crosslinked HA into the bulk of model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS on surface wettability, protein sorption, and boundary lubricating properties at a material-cornea biointerface, both alone and synergistically with PRG4 in solution. 28914993 3 23 from biointerface 578:589 arg1 sorption 511:518 protein sorption 503:518 protein sorption 503:518 The objective of this study was to assess the effect of crosslinked HA into the bulk of model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS on surface wettability, protein sorption, and boundary lubricating properties at a material-cornea biointerface, both alone and synergistically with PRG4 in solution. 28914993 1 24 theme Contact 162:168 arg1 friction 175:182 Contact lens friction 162:182 Contact lens friction 162:182 Contact lens friction significantly correlates with subjective comfort. 28914993 12 25 theme Part 1645:1648 arg1 B 1650:1650 Part B 1645:1650 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1818-1826, 2018. 1626:1689 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1818-1826, 2018. 28914993 4 26 theme test 823:826 arg1 method 828:833 an in vitro friction test method 802:833 an in vitro friction test method 802:833 Surface wettability was assessed by water contact angle measurement, protein sorption by lysozyme sorption assay, and boundary lubricating properties using an in vitro friction test method. 28914993 4 27 dep in 805:806 arg1 vitro 808:812 vitro 808:812 vitro 808:812 Surface wettability was assessed by water contact angle measurement, protein sorption by lysozyme sorption assay, and boundary lubricating properties using an in vitro friction test method. 28914993 4 28 theme protein 715:721 arg1 sorption 723:730 protein sorption 715:730 protein sorption by lysozyme sorption assay 715:757 Surface wettability was assessed by water contact angle measurement, protein sorption by lysozyme sorption assay, and boundary lubricating properties using an in vitro friction test method. 28914993 10 29 theme composition-dependent 1552:1572 arg1 manner 1587:1592 a hydrogel composition-dependent (e.g., TRIS) manner 1541:1592 a hydrogel composition-dependent (e.g., TRIS) manner 1541:1592 In conclusion, HA incorporation can reduce friction of hydrogels alone and in combination with PRG4 in solution, though in a hydrogel composition-dependent (e.g., TRIS) manner. 28914993 1 30 theme lens 170:173 arg1 friction 175:182 Contact lens friction 162:182 Contact lens friction 162:182 Contact lens friction significantly correlates with subjective comfort. 28914993 0 31 theme Hyaluronan 0:9 arg1 incorporation 11:23 Hyaluronan incorporation 0:23 Hyaluronan incorporation into model contact lens 0:47 Hyaluronan incorporation into model contact lens hydrogels as a built-in lubricant: Effect of hydrogel composition and proteoglycan 4 as a lubricant in solution. 28914993 4 32 theme water 682:686 arg1 measurement 702:712 water contact angle measurement 682:712 water contact angle measurement 682:712 Surface wettability was assessed by water contact angle measurement, protein sorption by lysozyme sorption assay, and boundary lubricating properties using an in vitro friction test method. 28914993 9 33 theme pHEMA/TRIS 1387:1396 arg1 hydrogels 1407:1415 pHEMA/TRIS silicone hydrogels 1387:1415 pHEMA/TRIS silicone hydrogels 1387:1415 These results indicate HA incorporation could be an effective internal wetting agent, antiadhesive, and boundary lubricant for pHEMA/TRIS silicone hydrogels. 28914993 2 34 theme boundary 288:295 arg1 Hyaluronan 234:243 Hyaluronan 234:243 Hyaluronan (HA) 234:248 Hyaluronan (HA) and proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) are natural boundary lubricants present in the body. 28914993 2 34 theme boundary 288:295 arg1 proteoglycan 254:265 proteoglycan 4 254:267 proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) 254:274 Hyaluronan (HA) and proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) are natural boundary lubricants present in the body. 28914993 2 34 theme boundary 288:295 arg1 lubricants 297:306 natural boundary lubricants 280:306 natural boundary lubricants present in the body 280:326 Hyaluronan (HA) and proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) are natural boundary lubricants present in the body. 28914993 3 35 theme HA 397:398 arg1 effect 375:380 the effect 371:380 the effect of crosslinked HA into the bulk of model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS on surface wettability, protein sorption, and boundary lubricating properties at a material-cornea biointerface 371:589 The objective of this study was to assess the effect of crosslinked HA into the bulk of model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS on surface wettability, protein sorption, and boundary lubricating properties at a material-cornea biointerface, both alone and synergistically with PRG4 in solution. 28914993 0 36 theme model 30:34 arg1 lens 44:47 model contact lens 30:47 model contact lens 30:47 Hyaluronan incorporation into model contact lens hydrogels as a built-in lubricant: Effect of hydrogel composition and proteoglycan 4 as a lubricant in solution. 28914993 4 37 theme angle 696:700 arg1 measurement 702:712 water contact angle measurement 682:712 water contact angle measurement 682:712 Surface wettability was assessed by water contact angle measurement, protein sorption by lysozyme sorption assay, and boundary lubricating properties using an in vitro friction test method. 28914993 0 38 theme proteoglycan 119:130 arg1 Effect 84:89 a built-in lubricant: Effect 62:89 a built-in lubricant: Effect of hydrogel composition and proteoglycan 4 62:132 Hyaluronan incorporation into model contact lens hydrogels as a built-in lubricant: Effect of hydrogel composition and proteoglycan 4 as a lubricant in solution. 28914993 2 39 theme natural 280:286 arg1 Hyaluronan 234:243 Hyaluronan 234:243 Hyaluronan (HA) 234:248 Hyaluronan (HA) and proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) are natural boundary lubricants present in the body. 28914993 2 39 theme natural 280:286 arg1 proteoglycan 254:265 proteoglycan 4 254:267 proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) 254:274 Hyaluronan (HA) and proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) are natural boundary lubricants present in the body. 28914993 2 39 theme natural 280:286 arg1 lubricants 297:306 natural boundary lubricants 280:306 natural boundary lubricants present in the body 280:326 Hyaluronan (HA) and proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) are natural boundary lubricants present in the body. 28914993 10 40 theme HA 1433:1434 arg1 incorporation 1436:1448 HA incorporation 1433:1448 HA incorporation 1433:1448 In conclusion, HA incorporation can reduce friction of hydrogels alone and in combination with PRG4 in solution, though in a hydrogel composition-dependent (e.g., TRIS) manner. 28914993 3 41 theme model 417:421 arg1 pHEMA 446:450 pHEMA 446:450 pHEMA 446:450 The objective of this study was to assess the effect of crosslinked HA into the bulk of model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS on surface wettability, protein sorption, and boundary lubricating properties at a material-cornea biointerface, both alone and synergistically with PRG4 in solution. 28914993 3 41 theme model 417:421 arg1 materials 436:444 model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS 417:477 model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS 417:477 The objective of this study was to assess the effect of crosslinked HA into the bulk of model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS on surface wettability, protein sorption, and boundary lubricating properties at a material-cornea biointerface, both alone and synergistically with PRG4 in solution. 28914993 3 41 theme model 417:421 arg1 pHEMA/TRIS 453:462 pHEMA/TRIS 453:462 pHEMA/TRIS 453:462 The objective of this study was to assess the effect of crosslinked HA into the bulk of model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS on surface wettability, protein sorption, and boundary lubricating properties at a material-cornea biointerface, both alone and synergistically with PRG4 in solution. 28914993 3 41 theme model 417:421 arg1 DMAA/TRIS 469:477 DMAA/TRIS 469:477 DMAA/TRIS 469:477 The objective of this study was to assess the effect of crosslinked HA into the bulk of model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS on surface wettability, protein sorption, and boundary lubricating properties at a material-cornea biointerface, both alone and synergistically with PRG4 in solution. 28914993 3 42 theme study 351:355 arg1 objective 333:341 The objective 329:341 The objective of this study 329:355 The objective of this study was to assess the effect of crosslinked HA into the bulk of model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS on surface wettability, protein sorption, and boundary lubricating properties at a material-cornea biointerface, both alone and synergistically with PRG4 in solution. 28914993 5 43 theme materials 903:911 arg1 wettability 884:894 the surface wettability 872:894 the surface wettability of all materials 872:911 HA incorporation (HAinc ) increased the surface wettability of all materials, and reduced protein sorption for pHEMA and DMAA/TRIS. 28914993 10 44 from PRG4 1513:1516 arg1 solution 1521:1528 solution 1521:1528 solution 1521:1528 In conclusion, HA incorporation can reduce friction of hydrogels alone and in combination with PRG4 in solution, though in a hydrogel composition-dependent (e.g., TRIS) manner. 28914993 9 45 theme silicone 1398:1405 arg1 hydrogels 1407:1415 pHEMA/TRIS silicone hydrogels 1387:1415 pHEMA/TRIS silicone hydrogels 1387:1415 These results indicate HA incorporation could be an effective internal wetting agent, antiadhesive, and boundary lubricant for pHEMA/TRIS silicone hydrogels. 28914993 3 46 theme contact 423:429 arg1 pHEMA 446:450 pHEMA 446:450 pHEMA 446:450 The objective of this study was to assess the effect of crosslinked HA into the bulk of model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS on surface wettability, protein sorption, and boundary lubricating properties at a material-cornea biointerface, both alone and synergistically with PRG4 in solution. 28914993 3 46 theme contact 423:429 arg1 materials 436:444 model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS 417:477 model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS 417:477 The objective of this study was to assess the effect of crosslinked HA into the bulk of model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS on surface wettability, protein sorption, and boundary lubricating properties at a material-cornea biointerface, both alone and synergistically with PRG4 in solution. 28914993 3 46 theme contact 423:429 arg1 pHEMA/TRIS 453:462 pHEMA/TRIS 453:462 pHEMA/TRIS 453:462 The objective of this study was to assess the effect of crosslinked HA into the bulk of model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS on surface wettability, protein sorption, and boundary lubricating properties at a material-cornea biointerface, both alone and synergistically with PRG4 in solution. 28914993 3 46 theme contact 423:429 arg1 DMAA/TRIS 469:477 DMAA/TRIS 469:477 DMAA/TRIS 469:477 The objective of this study was to assess the effect of crosslinked HA into the bulk of model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS on surface wettability, protein sorption, and boundary lubricating properties at a material-cornea biointerface, both alone and synergistically with PRG4 in solution. 28914993 7 47 theme PRG4sol 1094:1100 arg1 combination 1069:1079 A combination 1067:1079 A combination of HAinc and PRG4sol 1067:1100 A combination of HAinc and PRG4sol had a synergistic effect of reducing friction only for pHEMA/TRIS. 28914993 9 48 theme effective 1312:1320 arg1 agent 1339:1343 an effective internal wetting agent 1309:1343 an effective internal wetting agent 1309:1343 These results indicate HA incorporation could be an effective internal wetting agent, antiadhesive, and boundary lubricant for pHEMA/TRIS silicone hydrogels. 28914993 9 48 theme effective 1312:1320 arg1 incorporation 1286:1298 HA incorporation 1283:1298 HA incorporation 1283:1298 These results indicate HA incorporation could be an effective internal wetting agent, antiadhesive, and boundary lubricant for pHEMA/TRIS silicone hydrogels. 28914993 10 49 theme hydrogel 1543:1550 arg1 manner 1587:1592 a hydrogel composition-dependent (e.g., TRIS) manner 1541:1592 a hydrogel composition-dependent (e.g., TRIS) manner 1541:1592 In conclusion, HA incorporation can reduce friction of hydrogels alone and in combination with PRG4 in solution, though in a hydrogel composition-dependent (e.g., TRIS) manner. 28914993 8 50 theme friction 1198:1205 arg1 reduction 1207:1215 similar friction reduction 1190:1215 similar friction reduction 1190:1215 This combination had similar friction reduction compared with PRG4sol alone for DMAA/TRIS. 28914993 0 51 theme contact 36:42 arg1 lens 44:47 model contact lens 30:47 model contact lens 30:47 Hyaluronan incorporation into model contact lens hydrogels as a built-in lubricant: Effect of hydrogel composition and proteoglycan 4 as a lubricant in solution. 28914993 9 52 theme internal 1322:1329 arg1 agent 1339:1343 an effective internal wetting agent 1309:1343 an effective internal wetting agent 1309:1343 These results indicate HA incorporation could be an effective internal wetting agent, antiadhesive, and boundary lubricant for pHEMA/TRIS silicone hydrogels. 28914993 9 52 theme internal 1322:1329 arg1 incorporation 1286:1298 HA incorporation 1283:1298 HA incorporation 1283:1298 These results indicate HA incorporation could be an effective internal wetting agent, antiadhesive, and boundary lubricant for pHEMA/TRIS silicone hydrogels. 28914993 5 53 theme HA 836:837 arg1 HAinc 854:858 HAinc 854:858 HAinc 854:858 HA incorporation (HAinc ) increased the surface wettability of all materials, and reduced protein sorption for pHEMA and DMAA/TRIS. 28914993 5 53 theme HA 836:837 arg1 incorporation 839:851 HA incorporation 836:851 HA incorporation (HAinc ) 836:860 HA incorporation (HAinc ) increased the surface wettability of all materials, and reduced protein sorption for pHEMA and DMAA/TRIS. 28914993 4 54 theme lubricating 773:783 arg1 properties 785:794 boundary lubricating properties 764:794 boundary lubricating properties using an in vitro friction test method 764:833 Surface wettability was assessed by water contact angle measurement, protein sorption by lysozyme sorption assay, and boundary lubricating properties using an in vitro friction test method. 28914993 9 55 theme lubricant 1373:1381 arg1 agent 1339:1343 an effective internal wetting agent 1309:1343 an effective internal wetting agent 1309:1343 These results indicate HA incorporation could be an effective internal wetting agent, antiadhesive, and boundary lubricant for pHEMA/TRIS silicone hydrogels. 28914993 9 55 theme lubricant 1373:1381 arg1 incorporation 1286:1298 HA incorporation 1283:1298 HA incorporation 1283:1298 These results indicate HA incorporation could be an effective internal wetting agent, antiadhesive, and boundary lubricant for pHEMA/TRIS silicone hydrogels. 28914993 1 56 theme subjective 214:223 arg1 comfort 225:231 subjective comfort 214:231 subjective comfort 214:231 Contact lens friction significantly correlates with subjective comfort. 28914993 7 57 theme HAinc 1084:1088 arg1 combination 1069:1079 A combination 1067:1079 A combination of HAinc and PRG4sol 1067:1100 A combination of HAinc and PRG4sol had a synergistic effect of reducing friction only for pHEMA/TRIS. 28914993 9 58 theme wetting 1331:1337 arg1 agent 1339:1343 an effective internal wetting agent 1309:1343 an effective internal wetting agent 1309:1343 These results indicate HA incorporation could be an effective internal wetting agent, antiadhesive, and boundary lubricant for pHEMA/TRIS silicone hydrogels. 28914993 9 58 theme wetting 1331:1337 arg1 incorporation 1286:1298 HA incorporation 1283:1298 HA incorporation 1283:1298 These results indicate HA incorporation could be an effective internal wetting agent, antiadhesive, and boundary lubricant for pHEMA/TRIS silicone hydrogels. 28914993 11 59 dep © 1595:1595 arg1 Inc. 1621:1624 Inc. 1621:1624 Inc. 1621:1624 © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 28914993 3 60 theme boundary 525:532 arg1 properties 546:555 boundary lubricating properties 525:555 boundary lubricating properties 525:555 The objective of this study was to assess the effect of crosslinked HA into the bulk of model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS on surface wettability, protein sorption, and boundary lubricating properties at a material-cornea biointerface, both alone and synergistically with PRG4 in solution. 28914993 4 61 theme friction 814:821 arg1 method 828:833 an in vitro friction test method 802:833 an in vitro friction test method 802:833 Surface wettability was assessed by water contact angle measurement, protein sorption by lysozyme sorption assay, and boundary lubricating properties using an in vitro friction test method. 28914993 10 62 theme hydrogels 1473:1481 arg1 friction 1461:1468 friction 1461:1468 friction of hydrogels alone and in combination with PRG4 in solution 1461:1528 In conclusion, HA incorporation can reduce friction of hydrogels alone and in combination with PRG4 in solution, though in a hydrogel composition-dependent (e.g., TRIS) manner. 28914993 3 63 theme lubricating 534:544 arg1 properties 546:555 boundary lubricating properties 525:555 boundary lubricating properties 525:555 The objective of this study was to assess the effect of crosslinked HA into the bulk of model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS on surface wettability, protein sorption, and boundary lubricating properties at a material-cornea biointerface, both alone and synergistically with PRG4 in solution. 28914993 7 64 contain had 1102:1104 arg2 effect 1120:1125 a synergistic effect 1106:1125 a synergistic effect of reducing friction only for pHEMA/TRIS 1106:1166 A combination of HAinc and PRG4sol had a synergistic effect of reducing friction only for pHEMA/TRIS. 28914993 7 64 contain had 1102:1104 arg1 combination 1069:1079 A combination 1067:1079 A combination of HAinc and PRG4sol 1067:1100 A combination of HAinc and PRG4sol had a synergistic effect of reducing friction only for pHEMA/TRIS. 28914993 5 65 theme surface 876:882 arg1 wettability 884:894 the surface wettability 872:894 the surface wettability of all materials 872:911 HA incorporation (HAinc ) increased the surface wettability of all materials, and reduced protein sorption for pHEMA and DMAA/TRIS. 28914993 9 66 theme HA 1283:1284 arg1 agent 1339:1343 an effective internal wetting agent 1309:1343 an effective internal wetting agent 1309:1343 These results indicate HA incorporation could be an effective internal wetting agent, antiadhesive, and boundary lubricant for pHEMA/TRIS silicone hydrogels. 28914993 9 66 theme HA 1283:1284 arg1 incorporation 1286:1298 HA incorporation 1283:1298 HA incorporation 1283:1298 These results indicate HA incorporation could be an effective internal wetting agent, antiadhesive, and boundary lubricant for pHEMA/TRIS silicone hydrogels. 28914993 12 67 dep Res 1641:1643 arg1 2018 1685:1688 2018 1685:1688 2018 1685:1688 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1818-1826, 2018. 28914993 12 67 dep Res 1641:1643 arg1 106B 1668:1671 106B 1668:1671 106B 1668:1671 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1818-1826, 2018. 28914993 12 67 dep Res 1641:1643 arg1 B 1650:1650 Part B 1645:1650 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1818-1826, 2018. 1626:1689 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1818-1826, 2018. 28914993 12 67 dep Res 1641:1643 arg1 Biomater 1658:1665 Biomater 1658:1665 Biomater 1658:1665 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1818-1826, 2018. 28914993 3 68 theme lens 431:434 arg1 pHEMA 446:450 pHEMA 446:450 pHEMA 446:450 The objective of this study was to assess the effect of crosslinked HA into the bulk of model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS on surface wettability, protein sorption, and boundary lubricating properties at a material-cornea biointerface, both alone and synergistically with PRG4 in solution. 28914993 3 68 theme lens 431:434 arg1 materials 436:444 model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS 417:477 model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS 417:477 The objective of this study was to assess the effect of crosslinked HA into the bulk of model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS on surface wettability, protein sorption, and boundary lubricating properties at a material-cornea biointerface, both alone and synergistically with PRG4 in solution. 28914993 3 68 theme lens 431:434 arg1 pHEMA/TRIS 453:462 pHEMA/TRIS 453:462 pHEMA/TRIS 453:462 The objective of this study was to assess the effect of crosslinked HA into the bulk of model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS on surface wettability, protein sorption, and boundary lubricating properties at a material-cornea biointerface, both alone and synergistically with PRG4 in solution. 28914993 3 68 theme lens 431:434 arg1 DMAA/TRIS 469:477 DMAA/TRIS 469:477 DMAA/TRIS 469:477 The objective of this study was to assess the effect of crosslinked HA into the bulk of model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS on surface wettability, protein sorption, and boundary lubricating properties at a material-cornea biointerface, both alone and synergistically with PRG4 in solution. 28914993 3 69 theme protein 503:509 arg1 sorption 511:518 protein sorption 503:518 protein sorption 503:518 The objective of this study was to assess the effect of crosslinked HA into the bulk of model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS on surface wettability, protein sorption, and boundary lubricating properties at a material-cornea biointerface, both alone and synergistically with PRG4 in solution. 28914993 4 70 theme lysozyme 735:742 arg1 assay 753:757 lysozyme sorption assay 735:757 lysozyme sorption assay 735:757 Surface wettability was assessed by water contact angle measurement, protein sorption by lysozyme sorption assay, and boundary lubricating properties using an in vitro friction test method. 28914993 2 71 theme present 308:314 arg1 Hyaluronan 234:243 Hyaluronan 234:243 Hyaluronan (HA) 234:248 Hyaluronan (HA) and proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) are natural boundary lubricants present in the body. 28914993 2 71 theme present 308:314 arg1 proteoglycan 254:265 proteoglycan 4 254:267 proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) 254:274 Hyaluronan (HA) and proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) are natural boundary lubricants present in the body. 28914993 2 71 theme present 308:314 arg1 lubricants 297:306 natural boundary lubricants 280:306 natural boundary lubricants present in the body 280:326 Hyaluronan (HA) and proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) are natural boundary lubricants present in the body. 28914993 4 72 theme contact 688:694 arg1 measurement 702:712 water contact angle measurement 682:712 water contact angle measurement 682:712 Surface wettability was assessed by water contact angle measurement, protein sorption by lysozyme sorption assay, and boundary lubricating properties using an in vitro friction test method. 28914993 0 73 theme built-in 64:71 arg1 Effect 84:89 a built-in lubricant: Effect 62:89 a built-in lubricant: Effect of hydrogel composition and proteoglycan 4 62:132 Hyaluronan incorporation into model contact lens hydrogels as a built-in lubricant: Effect of hydrogel composition and proteoglycan 4 as a lubricant in solution. 28914993 4 74 theme boundary 764:771 arg1 properties 785:794 boundary lubricating properties 764:794 boundary lubricating properties using an in vitro friction test method 764:833 Surface wettability was assessed by water contact angle measurement, protein sorption by lysozyme sorption assay, and boundary lubricating properties using an in vitro friction test method. 28914993 4 75 theme Surface 646:652 arg1 wettability 654:664 Surface wettability 646:664 Surface wettability 646:664 Surface wettability was assessed by water contact angle measurement, protein sorption by lysozyme sorption assay, and boundary lubricating properties using an in vitro friction test method. 28914993 3 76 from PRG4 628:631 arg1 solution 636:643 solution 636:643 solution 636:643 The objective of this study was to assess the effect of crosslinked HA into the bulk of model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS on surface wettability, protein sorption, and boundary lubricating properties at a material-cornea biointerface, both alone and synergistically with PRG4 in solution. 28914993 7 77 theme reducing 1130:1137 arg1 friction 1139:1146 reducing friction 1130:1146 reducing friction 1130:1146 A combination of HAinc and PRG4sol had a synergistic effect of reducing friction only for pHEMA/TRIS. 28914993 3 78 theme material-cornea 562:576 arg1 biointerface 578:589 a material-cornea biointerface 560:589 a material-cornea biointerface 560:589 The objective of this study was to assess the effect of crosslinked HA into the bulk of model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS on surface wettability, protein sorption, and boundary lubricating properties at a material-cornea biointerface, both alone and synergistically with PRG4 in solution. 28914993 7 79 theme synergistic 1108:1118 arg1 effect 1120:1125 a synergistic effect 1106:1125 a synergistic effect of reducing friction only for pHEMA/TRIS 1106:1166 A combination of HAinc and PRG4sol had a synergistic effect of reducing friction only for pHEMA/TRIS. 24906765 3 0 theme simple 713:718 arg1 gels 725:728 simple agar gels 713:728 simple agar gels 713:728 Unlike other sulphated polysaccharides, complexation of agar and whey protein at pH 3 in the absence of a buffering agent resulted in a coacervate that was a gel at 20°C with rheological properties and structure similar to those of simple agar gels, reinforced by proteins electrostatically aggregated to the agar network. 24906765 2 1 theme physicochemical 364:378 arg1 properties 380:389 physicochemical properties 364:389 physicochemical properties 364:389 The aim of this work was to characterise a slightly sulphated polysaccharide (agar) and whey protein insoluble complexes in terms of yield, composition and physicochemical properties as well as to study their rheological behaviour for better understanding their structure. 24906765 3 2 from pH 562:563 arg1 complexation 521:532 complexation 521:532 complexation of agar and whey protein at pH 3 in the absence of a buffering agent 521:601 Unlike other sulphated polysaccharides, complexation of agar and whey protein at pH 3 in the absence of a buffering agent resulted in a coacervate that was a gel at 20°C with rheological properties and structure similar to those of simple agar gels, reinforced by proteins electrostatically aggregated to the agar network. 24906765 4 3 with similar 845:851 arg1 reversibility 923:935 almost full reversibility 911:935 almost full reversibility 911:935 The behaviour towards heat treatment was similar to that of agar alone, with a high thermal hysteresis and almost full reversibility. 24906765 4 3 with similar 845:851 arg1 hysteresis 896:905 a high thermal hysteresis 881:905 a high thermal hysteresis 881:905 The behaviour towards heat treatment was similar to that of agar alone, with a high thermal hysteresis and almost full reversibility. 24906765 3 4 theme similar 693:699 arg1 properties 668:677 rheological properties 656:677 rheological properties 656:677 Unlike other sulphated polysaccharides, complexation of agar and whey protein at pH 3 in the absence of a buffering agent resulted in a coacervate that was a gel at 20°C with rheological properties and structure similar to those of simple agar gels, reinforced by proteins electrostatically aggregated to the agar network. 24906765 5 5 theme flocculated 991:1001 arg1 result 977:982 the result 973:982 the result 973:982 In the presence of citrate buffer, the result was a "flocculated solid", with low water content (75-81%), whose properties were governed by protein behaviour. 24906765 5 5 theme flocculated 991:1001 arg1 " 1008:1008 a "flocculated solid" 988:1008 a "flocculated solid" 988:1008 In the presence of citrate buffer, the result was a "flocculated solid", with low water content (75-81%), whose properties were governed by protein behaviour. 24906765 2 6 theme protein 301:307 arg1 complexes 319:327 whey protein insoluble complexes 296:327 whey protein insoluble complexes 296:327 The aim of this work was to characterise a slightly sulphated polysaccharide (agar) and whey protein insoluble complexes in terms of yield, composition and physicochemical properties as well as to study their rheological behaviour for better understanding their structure. 24906765 2 7 theme insoluble 309:317 arg1 complexes 319:327 whey protein insoluble complexes 296:327 whey protein insoluble complexes 296:327 The aim of this work was to characterise a slightly sulphated polysaccharide (agar) and whey protein insoluble complexes in terms of yield, composition and physicochemical properties as well as to study their rheological behaviour for better understanding their structure. 24906765 3 8 theme agar 720:723 arg1 gels 725:728 simple agar gels 713:728 simple agar gels 713:728 Unlike other sulphated polysaccharides, complexation of agar and whey protein at pH 3 in the absence of a buffering agent resulted in a coacervate that was a gel at 20°C with rheological properties and structure similar to those of simple agar gels, reinforced by proteins electrostatically aggregated to the agar network. 24906765 2 9 theme whey 296:299 arg1 complexes 319:327 whey protein insoluble complexes 296:327 whey protein insoluble complexes 296:327 The aim of this work was to characterise a slightly sulphated polysaccharide (agar) and whey protein insoluble complexes in terms of yield, composition and physicochemical properties as well as to study their rheological behaviour for better understanding their structure. 24906765 2 10 theme composition 348:358 arg1 terms 332:336 terms 332:336 terms of yield, composition and physicochemical properties 332:389 The aim of this work was to characterise a slightly sulphated polysaccharide (agar) and whey protein insoluble complexes in terms of yield, composition and physicochemical properties as well as to study their rheological behaviour for better understanding their structure. 24906765 1 11 theme Complex 87:93 arg1 coacervation 95:106 Complex coacervation 87:106 Complex coacervation between whey proteins and carboxylated or highly sulphated polysaccharides 87:181 Complex coacervation between whey proteins and carboxylated or highly sulphated polysaccharides has been widely studied. 24906765 3 12 from 20°C 646:649 arg1 coacervate 617:626 a coacervate 615:626 a coacervate that was a gel at 20°C with rheological properties and structure similar to those of simple agar gels 615:728 Unlike other sulphated polysaccharides, complexation of agar and whey protein at pH 3 in the absence of a buffering agent resulted in a coacervate that was a gel at 20°C with rheological properties and structure similar to those of simple agar gels, reinforced by proteins electrostatically aggregated to the agar network. 24906765 3 12 from 20°C 646:649 arg1 gel 639:641 a gel 637:641 a gel 637:641 Unlike other sulphated polysaccharides, complexation of agar and whey protein at pH 3 in the absence of a buffering agent resulted in a coacervate that was a gel at 20°C with rheological properties and structure similar to those of simple agar gels, reinforced by proteins electrostatically aggregated to the agar network. 24906765 5 13 theme buffer 965:970 arg1 result 977:982 the result 973:982 the result 973:982 In the presence of citrate buffer, the result was a "flocculated solid", with low water content (75-81%), whose properties were governed by protein behaviour. 24906765 5 13 theme buffer 965:970 arg1 " 1008:1008 a "flocculated solid" 988:1008 a "flocculated solid" 988:1008 In the presence of citrate buffer, the result was a "flocculated solid", with low water content (75-81%), whose properties were governed by protein behaviour. 24906765 5 14 with " 1008:1008 arg1 content 1026:1032 low water content 1016:1032 low water content (75-81%) 1016:1041 In the presence of citrate buffer, the result was a "flocculated solid", with low water content (75-81%), whose properties were governed by protein behaviour. 24906765 5 14 with " 1008:1008 arg1 % 1040:1040 75-81% 1035:1040 75-81% 1035:1040 In the presence of citrate buffer, the result was a "flocculated solid", with low water content (75-81%), whose properties were governed by protein behaviour. 24906765 3 15 theme protein 551:557 arg1 complexation 521:532 complexation 521:532 complexation of agar and whey protein at pH 3 in the absence of a buffering agent 521:601 Unlike other sulphated polysaccharides, complexation of agar and whey protein at pH 3 in the absence of a buffering agent resulted in a coacervate that was a gel at 20°C with rheological properties and structure similar to those of simple agar gels, reinforced by proteins electrostatically aggregated to the agar network. 24906765 3 16 dep resulted 603:610 arg1 reinforced 731:740 reinforced 731:740 reinforced by proteins electrostatically aggregated to the agar network 731:801 Unlike other sulphated polysaccharides, complexation of agar and whey protein at pH 3 in the absence of a buffering agent resulted in a coacervate that was a gel at 20°C with rheological properties and structure similar to those of simple agar gels, reinforced by proteins electrostatically aggregated to the agar network. 24906765 0 17 theme Rheological 0:10 arg1 characterization 27:42 Rheological and structural characterization 0:42 Rheological and structural characterization of agar/whey proteins 0:64 Rheological and structural characterization of agar/whey proteins insoluble complexes. 24906765 5 18 theme low 1016:1018 arg1 content 1026:1032 low water content 1016:1032 low water content (75-81%) 1016:1041 In the presence of citrate buffer, the result was a "flocculated solid", with low water content (75-81%), whose properties were governed by protein behaviour. 24906765 5 18 theme low 1016:1018 arg1 % 1040:1040 75-81% 1035:1040 75-81% 1035:1040 In the presence of citrate buffer, the result was a "flocculated solid", with low water content (75-81%), whose properties were governed by protein behaviour. 24906765 3 19 from complexation 521:532 arg1 absence 574:580 the absence 570:580 the absence of a buffering agent 570:601 Unlike other sulphated polysaccharides, complexation of agar and whey protein at pH 3 in the absence of a buffering agent resulted in a coacervate that was a gel at 20°C with rheological properties and structure similar to those of simple agar gels, reinforced by proteins electrostatically aggregated to the agar network. 24906765 1 20 theme whey 116:119 arg1 proteins 121:128 whey proteins 116:128 whey proteins 116:128 Complex coacervation between whey proteins and carboxylated or highly sulphated polysaccharides has been widely studied. 24906765 4 21 theme heat 826:829 arg1 treatment 831:839 heat treatment 826:839 heat treatment 826:839 The behaviour towards heat treatment was similar to that of agar alone, with a high thermal hysteresis and almost full reversibility. 24906765 3 22 theme other 488:492 arg1 polysaccharides 504:518 other sulphated polysaccharides 488:518 other sulphated polysaccharides 488:518 Unlike other sulphated polysaccharides, complexation of agar and whey protein at pH 3 in the absence of a buffering agent resulted in a coacervate that was a gel at 20°C with rheological properties and structure similar to those of simple agar gels, reinforced by proteins electrostatically aggregated to the agar network. 24906765 0 23 theme structural 16:25 arg1 characterization 27:42 Rheological and structural characterization 0:42 Rheological and structural characterization of agar/whey proteins 0:64 Rheological and structural characterization of agar/whey proteins insoluble complexes. 24906765 5 24 theme citrate 957:963 arg1 buffer 965:970 citrate buffer 957:970 citrate buffer 957:970 In the presence of citrate buffer, the result was a "flocculated solid", with low water content (75-81%), whose properties were governed by protein behaviour. 24906765 5 25 theme water 1020:1024 arg1 content 1026:1032 low water content 1016:1032 low water content (75-81%) 1016:1041 In the presence of citrate buffer, the result was a "flocculated solid", with low water content (75-81%), whose properties were governed by protein behaviour. 24906765 5 25 theme water 1020:1024 arg1 % 1040:1040 75-81% 1035:1040 75-81% 1035:1040 In the presence of citrate buffer, the result was a "flocculated solid", with low water content (75-81%), whose properties were governed by protein behaviour. 24906765 0 26 dep complexes 76:84 arg1 characterization 27:42 Rheological and structural characterization 0:42 Rheological and structural characterization of agar/whey proteins 0:64 Rheological and structural characterization of agar/whey proteins insoluble complexes. 24906765 3 27 theme sulphated 494:502 arg1 polysaccharides 504:518 other sulphated polysaccharides 488:518 other sulphated polysaccharides 488:518 Unlike other sulphated polysaccharides, complexation of agar and whey protein at pH 3 in the absence of a buffering agent resulted in a coacervate that was a gel at 20°C with rheological properties and structure similar to those of simple agar gels, reinforced by proteins electrostatically aggregated to the agar network. 24906765 0 28 theme agar/whey 47:55 arg1 proteins 57:64 agar/whey proteins 47:64 agar/whey proteins 47:64 Rheological and structural characterization of agar/whey proteins insoluble complexes. 24906765 4 29 theme full 918:921 arg1 reversibility 923:935 almost full reversibility 911:935 almost full reversibility 911:935 The behaviour towards heat treatment was similar to that of agar alone, with a high thermal hysteresis and almost full reversibility. 24906765 3 30 with 20°C 646:649 arg1 structure 683:691 structure 683:691 structure 683:691 Unlike other sulphated polysaccharides, complexation of agar and whey protein at pH 3 in the absence of a buffering agent resulted in a coacervate that was a gel at 20°C with rheological properties and structure similar to those of simple agar gels, reinforced by proteins electrostatically aggregated to the agar network. 24906765 3 30 with 20°C 646:649 arg1 properties 668:677 rheological properties 656:677 rheological properties 656:677 Unlike other sulphated polysaccharides, complexation of agar and whey protein at pH 3 in the absence of a buffering agent resulted in a coacervate that was a gel at 20°C with rheological properties and structure similar to those of simple agar gels, reinforced by proteins electrostatically aggregated to the agar network. 24906765 2 31 theme rheological 417:427 arg1 behaviour 429:437 their rheological behaviour 411:437 their rheological behaviour 411:437 The aim of this work was to characterise a slightly sulphated polysaccharide (agar) and whey protein insoluble complexes in terms of yield, composition and physicochemical properties as well as to study their rheological behaviour for better understanding their structure. 24906765 5 32 theme protein 1078:1084 arg1 behaviour 1086:1094 protein behaviour 1078:1094 protein behaviour 1078:1094 In the presence of citrate buffer, the result was a "flocculated solid", with low water content (75-81%), whose properties were governed by protein behaviour. 24906765 0 33 theme insoluble 66:74 arg1 complexes 76:84 insoluble complexes 66:84 insoluble complexes 66:84 Rheological and structural characterization of agar/whey proteins insoluble complexes. 24906765 3 34 theme agar 537:540 arg1 complexation 521:532 complexation 521:532 complexation of agar and whey protein at pH 3 in the absence of a buffering agent 521:601 Unlike other sulphated polysaccharides, complexation of agar and whey protein at pH 3 in the absence of a buffering agent resulted in a coacervate that was a gel at 20°C with rheological properties and structure similar to those of simple agar gels, reinforced by proteins electrostatically aggregated to the agar network. 24906765 3 35 theme buffering 587:595 arg1 agent 597:601 a buffering agent 585:601 a buffering agent 585:601 Unlike other sulphated polysaccharides, complexation of agar and whey protein at pH 3 in the absence of a buffering agent resulted in a coacervate that was a gel at 20°C with rheological properties and structure similar to those of simple agar gels, reinforced by proteins electrostatically aggregated to the agar network. 24906765 1 36 theme carboxylated 134:145 arg1 polysaccharides 167:181 carboxylated or highly sulphated polysaccharides 134:181 carboxylated or highly sulphated polysaccharides 134:181 Complex coacervation between whey proteins and carboxylated or highly sulphated polysaccharides has been widely studied. 24906765 0 37 theme proteins 57:64 arg1 characterization 27:42 Rheological and structural characterization 0:42 Rheological and structural characterization of agar/whey proteins 0:64 Rheological and structural characterization of agar/whey proteins insoluble complexes. 24906765 5 38 theme solid 1003:1007 arg1 result 977:982 the result 973:982 the result 973:982 In the presence of citrate buffer, the result was a "flocculated solid", with low water content (75-81%), whose properties were governed by protein behaviour. 24906765 5 38 theme solid 1003:1007 arg1 " 1008:1008 a "flocculated solid" 988:1008 a "flocculated solid" 988:1008 In the presence of citrate buffer, the result was a "flocculated solid", with low water content (75-81%), whose properties were governed by protein behaviour. 24906765 3 39 theme agent 597:601 arg1 absence 574:580 the absence 570:580 the absence of a buffering agent 570:601 Unlike other sulphated polysaccharides, complexation of agar and whey protein at pH 3 in the absence of a buffering agent resulted in a coacervate that was a gel at 20°C with rheological properties and structure similar to those of simple agar gels, reinforced by proteins electrostatically aggregated to the agar network. 24906765 5 40 dep buffer 965:970 arg1 the 941:943 the 941:943 the 941:943 In the presence of citrate buffer, the result was a "flocculated solid", with low water content (75-81%), whose properties were governed by protein behaviour. 24906765 5 40 dep buffer 965:970 arg1 presence 945:952 presence 945:952 presence 945:952 In the presence of citrate buffer, the result was a "flocculated solid", with low water content (75-81%), whose properties were governed by protein behaviour. 24906765 4 41 theme thermal 888:894 arg1 hysteresis 896:905 a high thermal hysteresis 881:905 a high thermal hysteresis 881:905 The behaviour towards heat treatment was similar to that of agar alone, with a high thermal hysteresis and almost full reversibility. 24906765 2 42 theme work 224:227 arg1 aim 212:214 The aim 208:214 The aim of this work 208:227 The aim of this work was to characterise a slightly sulphated polysaccharide (agar) and whey protein insoluble complexes in terms of yield, composition and physicochemical properties as well as to study their rheological behaviour for better understanding their structure. 24906765 2 43 theme yield 341:345 arg1 terms 332:336 terms 332:336 terms of yield, composition and physicochemical properties 332:389 The aim of this work was to characterise a slightly sulphated polysaccharide (agar) and whey protein insoluble complexes in terms of yield, composition and physicochemical properties as well as to study their rheological behaviour for better understanding their structure. 24906765 4 44 theme high 883:886 arg1 hysteresis 896:905 a high thermal hysteresis 881:905 a high thermal hysteresis 881:905 The behaviour towards heat treatment was similar to that of agar alone, with a high thermal hysteresis and almost full reversibility. 24906765 1 45 theme sulphated 157:165 arg1 polysaccharides 167:181 carboxylated or highly sulphated polysaccharides 134:181 carboxylated or highly sulphated polysaccharides 134:181 Complex coacervation between whey proteins and carboxylated or highly sulphated polysaccharides has been widely studied. 24906765 3 46 theme rheological 656:666 arg1 properties 668:677 rheological properties 656:677 rheological properties 656:677 Unlike other sulphated polysaccharides, complexation of agar and whey protein at pH 3 in the absence of a buffering agent resulted in a coacervate that was a gel at 20°C with rheological properties and structure similar to those of simple agar gels, reinforced by proteins electrostatically aggregated to the agar network. 24906765 3 47 theme whey 546:549 arg1 protein 551:557 whey protein 546:557 whey protein 546:557 Unlike other sulphated polysaccharides, complexation of agar and whey protein at pH 3 in the absence of a buffering agent resulted in a coacervate that was a gel at 20°C with rheological properties and structure similar to those of simple agar gels, reinforced by proteins electrostatically aggregated to the agar network. 24906765 3 48 theme agar 790:793 arg1 network 795:801 the agar network 786:801 the agar network 786:801 Unlike other sulphated polysaccharides, complexation of agar and whey protein at pH 3 in the absence of a buffering agent resulted in a coacervate that was a gel at 20°C with rheological properties and structure similar to those of simple agar gels, reinforced by proteins electrostatically aggregated to the agar network. 24906765 2 49 theme sulphated 260:268 arg1 polysaccharide 270:283 a slightly sulphated polysaccharide 249:283 a slightly sulphated polysaccharide (agar) 249:290 The aim of this work was to characterise a slightly sulphated polysaccharide (agar) and whey protein insoluble complexes in terms of yield, composition and physicochemical properties as well as to study their rheological behaviour for better understanding their structure. 24906765 2 49 theme sulphated 260:268 arg1 agar 286:289 agar 286:289 agar 286:289 The aim of this work was to characterise a slightly sulphated polysaccharide (agar) and whey protein insoluble complexes in terms of yield, composition and physicochemical properties as well as to study their rheological behaviour for better understanding their structure. 24906765 2 50 theme properties 380:389 arg1 terms 332:336 terms 332:336 terms of yield, composition and physicochemical properties 332:389 The aim of this work was to characterise a slightly sulphated polysaccharide (agar) and whey protein insoluble complexes in terms of yield, composition and physicochemical properties as well as to study their rheological behaviour for better understanding their structure. 27451208 1 0 theme phenolic 382:389 arg1 compounds 391:399 phenolic compounds 382:399 phenolic compounds 382:399 A novel, simple and environmental friendly sample preparation technique based on the use of cyclodextrin has been developed for the extraction of phenolic compounds from jujube samples, the analytes being finally determined by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. 27451208 7 1 theme fruit 1325:1329 arg1 analysis 1306:1313 the analysis 1302:1313 the analysis of jujube fruit 1302:1329 Eventually, the optimized approach was successfully applied to the analysis of jujube fruit. 27451208 0 2 theme fruit 93:97 arg1 composition 71:81 the composition 67:81 the composition of jujube fruit using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry 67:233 Cyclodextrin-assisted liquid-solid extraction for determination of the composition of jujube fruit using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. 27451208 1 3 theme compounds 391:399 arg1 extraction 368:377 the extraction 364:377 the extraction of phenolic compounds from jujube samples 364:419 A novel, simple and environmental friendly sample preparation technique based on the use of cyclodextrin has been developed for the extraction of phenolic compounds from jujube samples, the analytes being finally determined by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. 27451208 6 4 theme detection 1164:1172 arg1 limits 1154:1159 The limits 1150:1159 The limits of detection 1150:1172 The limits of detection were from 4.92ng/mL to 142.85ng/mL for eight phenolic compounds. 27451208 0 5 theme performance 115:125 arg1 chromatography 134:147 ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography 105:147 ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection 105:178 Cyclodextrin-assisted liquid-solid extraction for determination of the composition of jujube fruit using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. 27451208 5 6 theme high 1119:1122 arg1 % 1146:1146 85.63-105.67% 1134:1146 85.63-105.67% 1134:1146 Validation experiments showed that the proposed method presented good linearity (r(2)>0.9970), satisfactory precision (RSD<7.55%), and high recovery (85.63-105.67%). 27451208 5 6 theme high 1119:1122 arg1 recovery 1124:1131 high recovery 1119:1131 high recovery (85.63-105.67%) 1119:1147 Validation experiments showed that the proposed method presented good linearity (r(2)>0.9970), satisfactory precision (RSD<7.55%), and high recovery (85.63-105.67%). 27451208 6 7 theme phenolic 1219:1226 arg1 compounds 1228:1236 eight phenolic compounds 1213:1236 eight phenolic compounds 1213:1236 The limits of detection were from 4.92ng/mL to 142.85ng/mL for eight phenolic compounds. 27451208 0 8 theme ultrahigh 105:113 arg1 chromatography 134:147 ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography 105:147 ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection 105:178 Cyclodextrin-assisted liquid-solid extraction for determination of the composition of jujube fruit using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. 27451208 1 9 theme jujube 406:411 arg1 samples 413:419 jujube samples 406:419 jujube samples 406:419 A novel, simple and environmental friendly sample preparation technique based on the use of cyclodextrin has been developed for the extraction of phenolic compounds from jujube samples, the analytes being finally determined by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. 27451208 1 10 theme electrochemical 512:526 arg1 detection 528:536 electrochemical detection 512:536 electrochemical detection 512:536 A novel, simple and environmental friendly sample preparation technique based on the use of cyclodextrin has been developed for the extraction of phenolic compounds from jujube samples, the analytes being finally determined by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. 27451208 5 11 theme good 1049:1052 arg1 linearity 1054:1062 good linearity 1049:1062 good linearity (r(2)>0.9970) 1049:1076 Validation experiments showed that the proposed method presented good linearity (r(2)>0.9970), satisfactory precision (RSD<7.55%), and high recovery (85.63-105.67%). 27451208 5 11 theme good 1049:1052 arg1 r 1065:1065 r(2)>0.9970 1065:1075 r(2)>0.9970 1065:1075 Validation experiments showed that the proposed method presented good linearity (r(2)>0.9970), satisfactory precision (RSD<7.55%), and high recovery (85.63-105.67%). 27451208 4 12 theme green 967:971 arg1 chemistry 973:981 green chemistry 967:981 green chemistry 967:981 Moreover, compared with traditional ultrasound-assisted extraction, the developed methodology was found without the use of toxic organic solvent, meeting the principles of green chemistry. 27451208 5 13 theme satisfactory 1079:1090 arg1 % 1111:1111 RSD<7.55% 1103:1111 RSD<7.55% 1103:1111 Validation experiments showed that the proposed method presented good linearity (r(2)>0.9970), satisfactory precision (RSD<7.55%), and high recovery (85.63-105.67%). 27451208 5 13 theme satisfactory 1079:1090 arg1 precision 1092:1100 satisfactory precision 1079:1100 satisfactory precision (RSD<7.55%) 1079:1112 Validation experiments showed that the proposed method presented good linearity (r(2)>0.9970), satisfactory precision (RSD<7.55%), and high recovery (85.63-105.67%). 27451208 5 14 theme Validation 984:993 arg1 experiments 995:1005 Validation experiments 984:1005 Validation experiments 984:1005 Validation experiments showed that the proposed method presented good linearity (r(2)>0.9970), satisfactory precision (RSD<7.55%), and high recovery (85.63-105.67%). 27451208 0 15 theme liquid 127:132 arg1 chromatography 134:147 ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography 105:147 ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection 105:178 Cyclodextrin-assisted liquid-solid extraction for determination of the composition of jujube fruit using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. 27451208 4 16 theme solvent 932:938 arg1 use 911:913 the use 907:913 the use of toxic organic solvent, meeting the principles of green chemistry 907:981 Moreover, compared with traditional ultrasound-assisted extraction, the developed methodology was found without the use of toxic organic solvent, meeting the principles of green chemistry. 27451208 0 17 with chromatography 134:147 arg1 detection 170:178 electrochemical detection 154:178 electrochemical detection 154:178 Cyclodextrin-assisted liquid-solid extraction for determination of the composition of jujube fruit using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. 27451208 0 18 theme liquid-solid 22:33 arg1 extraction 35:44 Cyclodextrin-assisted liquid-solid extraction 0:44 Cyclodextrin-assisted liquid-solid extraction for determination of the composition of jujube fruit using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. 0:234 Cyclodextrin-assisted liquid-solid extraction for determination of the composition of jujube fruit using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. 27451208 2 19 theme mass 572:575 arg1 spectrometry 577:588 Quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry 539:588 Quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry 539:588 Quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry was used to characterize the composition of jujube fruit. 27451208 4 20 theme developed 867:875 arg1 methodology 877:887 the developed methodology 863:887 the developed methodology 863:887 Moreover, compared with traditional ultrasound-assisted extraction, the developed methodology was found without the use of toxic organic solvent, meeting the principles of green chemistry. 27451208 0 21 with spectrometry 222:233 arg1 detection 170:178 electrochemical detection 154:178 electrochemical detection 154:178 Cyclodextrin-assisted liquid-solid extraction for determination of the composition of jujube fruit using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. 27451208 0 22 theme Cyclodextrin-assisted 0:20 arg1 extraction 35:44 Cyclodextrin-assisted liquid-solid extraction 0:44 Cyclodextrin-assisted liquid-solid extraction for determination of the composition of jujube fruit using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. 0:234 Cyclodextrin-assisted liquid-solid extraction for determination of the composition of jujube fruit using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. 27451208 2 23 used used 594:597 arg2 spectrometry 577:588 Quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry 539:588 Quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry 539:588 Quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry was used to characterize the composition of jujube fruit. 27451208 1 24 theme novel 238:242 arg1 preparation 286:296 A novel, simple and environmental friendly sample preparation 236:296 A novel, simple and environmental friendly sample preparation technique based on the use of cyclodextrin 236:339 A novel, simple and environmental friendly sample preparation technique based on the use of cyclodextrin has been developed for the extraction of phenolic compounds from jujube samples, the analytes being finally determined by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. 27451208 1 25 theme cyclodextrin 328:339 arg1 use 321:323 the use 317:323 the use of cyclodextrin 317:339 A novel, simple and environmental friendly sample preparation technique based on the use of cyclodextrin has been developed for the extraction of phenolic compounds from jujube samples, the analytes being finally determined by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. 27451208 0 26 theme electrochemical 154:168 arg1 detection 170:178 electrochemical detection 154:178 electrochemical detection 154:178 Cyclodextrin-assisted liquid-solid extraction for determination of the composition of jujube fruit using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. 27451208 1 27 from samples 413:419 arg1 extraction 368:377 the extraction 364:377 the extraction of phenolic compounds from jujube samples 364:419 A novel, simple and environmental friendly sample preparation technique based on the use of cyclodextrin has been developed for the extraction of phenolic compounds from jujube samples, the analytes being finally determined by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. 27451208 2 28 theme fruit 641:645 arg1 composition 619:629 the composition 615:629 the composition of jujube fruit 615:645 Quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry was used to characterize the composition of jujube fruit. 27451208 3 29 theme present 652:658 arg1 method 660:665 The present method 648:665 The present method 648:665 The present method exhibited higher efficiency for extracting phenolic compositions than Pharmacopoeia heat-reflux approach in term of peak areas. 27451208 1 30 theme simple 245:250 arg1 preparation 286:296 A novel, simple and environmental friendly sample preparation 236:296 A novel, simple and environmental friendly sample preparation technique based on the use of cyclodextrin 236:339 A novel, simple and environmental friendly sample preparation technique based on the use of cyclodextrin has been developed for the extraction of phenolic compounds from jujube samples, the analytes being finally determined by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. 27451208 2 31 theme tandem 565:570 arg1 spectrometry 577:588 Quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry 539:588 Quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry 539:588 Quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry was used to characterize the composition of jujube fruit. 27451208 3 32 theme peak 783:786 arg1 areas 788:792 peak areas 783:792 peak areas 783:792 The present method exhibited higher efficiency for extracting phenolic compositions than Pharmacopoeia heat-reflux approach in term of peak areas. 27451208 2 33 theme jujube 634:639 arg1 fruit 641:645 jujube fruit 634:645 jujube fruit 634:645 Quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry was used to characterize the composition of jujube fruit. 27451208 2 34 theme time-of-flight 550:563 arg1 spectrometry 577:588 Quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry 539:588 Quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry 539:588 Quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry was used to characterize the composition of jujube fruit. 27451208 3 35 theme heat-reflux 751:761 arg1 approach 763:770 Pharmacopoeia heat-reflux approach 737:770 Pharmacopoeia heat-reflux approach in term of peak areas 737:792 The present method exhibited higher efficiency for extracting phenolic compositions than Pharmacopoeia heat-reflux approach in term of peak areas. 27451208 1 36 theme environmental 256:268 arg1 preparation 286:296 A novel, simple and environmental friendly sample preparation 236:296 A novel, simple and environmental friendly sample preparation technique based on the use of cyclodextrin 236:339 A novel, simple and environmental friendly sample preparation technique based on the use of cyclodextrin has been developed for the extraction of phenolic compounds from jujube samples, the analytes being finally determined by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. 27451208 0 37 theme composition 71:81 arg1 determination 50:62 determination 50:62 determination of the composition of jujube fruit using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry 50:233 Cyclodextrin-assisted liquid-solid extraction for determination of the composition of jujube fruit using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. 27451208 0 38 theme time-of-flight 195:208 arg1 spectrometry 222:233 quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry 184:233 quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry 184:233 Cyclodextrin-assisted liquid-solid extraction for determination of the composition of jujube fruit using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. 27451208 7 39 theme jujube 1318:1323 arg1 fruit 1325:1329 jujube fruit 1318:1329 jujube fruit 1318:1329 Eventually, the optimized approach was successfully applied to the analysis of jujube fruit. 27451208 3 40 theme higher 677:682 arg1 efficiency 684:693 higher efficiency 677:693 higher efficiency for extracting phenolic compositions 677:730 The present method exhibited higher efficiency for extracting phenolic compositions than Pharmacopoeia heat-reflux approach in term of peak areas. 27451208 4 41 theme chemistry 973:981 arg1 principles 953:962 the principles 949:962 the principles of green chemistry 949:981 Moreover, compared with traditional ultrasound-assisted extraction, the developed methodology was found without the use of toxic organic solvent, meeting the principles of green chemistry. 27451208 4 42 theme ultrasound-assisted 831:849 arg1 extraction 851:860 traditional ultrasound-assisted extraction 819:860 traditional ultrasound-assisted extraction 819:860 Moreover, compared with traditional ultrasound-assisted extraction, the developed methodology was found without the use of toxic organic solvent, meeting the principles of green chemistry. 27451208 1 43 with chromatography 492:505 arg1 detection 528:536 electrochemical detection 512:536 electrochemical detection 512:536 A novel, simple and environmental friendly sample preparation technique based on the use of cyclodextrin has been developed for the extraction of phenolic compounds from jujube samples, the analytes being finally determined by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. 27451208 0 44 theme quadrupole 184:193 arg1 spectrometry 222:233 quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry 184:233 quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry 184:233 Cyclodextrin-assisted liquid-solid extraction for determination of the composition of jujube fruit using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. 27451208 3 45 theme areas 788:792 arg1 term 775:778 term 775:778 term of peak areas 775:792 The present method exhibited higher efficiency for extracting phenolic compositions than Pharmacopoeia heat-reflux approach in term of peak areas. 27451208 4 46 theme traditional 819:829 arg1 extraction 851:860 traditional ultrasound-assisted extraction 819:860 traditional ultrasound-assisted extraction 819:860 Moreover, compared with traditional ultrasound-assisted extraction, the developed methodology was found without the use of toxic organic solvent, meeting the principles of green chemistry. 27451208 0 47 theme mass 217:220 arg1 spectrometry 222:233 quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry 184:233 quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry 184:233 Cyclodextrin-assisted liquid-solid extraction for determination of the composition of jujube fruit using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. 27451208 1 48 theme ultrahigh 463:471 arg1 chromatography 492:505 ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography 463:505 ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection 463:536 A novel, simple and environmental friendly sample preparation technique based on the use of cyclodextrin has been developed for the extraction of phenolic compounds from jujube samples, the analytes being finally determined by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. 27451208 4 49 theme toxic 918:922 arg1 solvent 932:938 toxic organic solvent 918:938 toxic organic solvent 918:938 Moreover, compared with traditional ultrasound-assisted extraction, the developed methodology was found without the use of toxic organic solvent, meeting the principles of green chemistry. 27451208 1 50 theme friendly 270:277 arg1 preparation 286:296 A novel, simple and environmental friendly sample preparation 236:296 A novel, simple and environmental friendly sample preparation technique based on the use of cyclodextrin 236:339 A novel, simple and environmental friendly sample preparation technique based on the use of cyclodextrin has been developed for the extraction of phenolic compounds from jujube samples, the analytes being finally determined by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. 27451208 0 51 theme tandem 210:215 arg1 spectrometry 222:233 quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry 184:233 quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry 184:233 Cyclodextrin-assisted liquid-solid extraction for determination of the composition of jujube fruit using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. 27451208 1 52 theme performance 473:483 arg1 chromatography 492:505 ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography 463:505 ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection 463:536 A novel, simple and environmental friendly sample preparation technique based on the use of cyclodextrin has been developed for the extraction of phenolic compounds from jujube samples, the analytes being finally determined by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. 27451208 3 53 theme Pharmacopoeia 737:749 arg1 approach 763:770 Pharmacopoeia heat-reflux approach 737:770 Pharmacopoeia heat-reflux approach in term of peak areas 737:792 The present method exhibited higher efficiency for extracting phenolic compositions than Pharmacopoeia heat-reflux approach in term of peak areas. 27451208 1 54 theme sample 279:284 arg1 preparation 286:296 A novel, simple and environmental friendly sample preparation 236:296 A novel, simple and environmental friendly sample preparation technique based on the use of cyclodextrin 236:339 A novel, simple and environmental friendly sample preparation technique based on the use of cyclodextrin has been developed for the extraction of phenolic compounds from jujube samples, the analytes being finally determined by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. 27451208 0 55 theme jujube 86:91 arg1 fruit 93:97 jujube fruit 86:97 jujube fruit using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry 86:233 Cyclodextrin-assisted liquid-solid extraction for determination of the composition of jujube fruit using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. 27451208 1 56 theme liquid 485:490 arg1 chromatography 492:505 ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography 463:505 ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection 463:536 A novel, simple and environmental friendly sample preparation technique based on the use of cyclodextrin has been developed for the extraction of phenolic compounds from jujube samples, the analytes being finally determined by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. 27451208 3 57 theme phenolic 710:717 arg1 compositions 719:730 phenolic compositions 710:730 phenolic compositions 710:730 The present method exhibited higher efficiency for extracting phenolic compositions than Pharmacopoeia heat-reflux approach in term of peak areas. 27451208 7 58 theme optimized 1255:1263 arg1 approach 1265:1272 the optimized approach 1251:1272 the optimized approach 1251:1272 Eventually, the optimized approach was successfully applied to the analysis of jujube fruit. 27451208 1 59 theme preparation 286:296 arg1 technique 298:306 A novel, simple and environmental friendly sample preparation technique 236:306 A novel, simple and environmental friendly sample preparation technique based on the use of cyclodextrin 236:339 A novel, simple and environmental friendly sample preparation technique based on the use of cyclodextrin has been developed for the extraction of phenolic compounds from jujube samples, the analytes being finally determined by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. 27451208 2 60 theme Quadrupole 539:548 arg1 spectrometry 577:588 Quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry 539:588 Quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry 539:588 Quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry was used to characterize the composition of jujube fruit. 27451208 4 61 theme organic 924:930 arg1 solvent 932:938 toxic organic solvent 918:938 toxic organic solvent 918:938 Moreover, compared with traditional ultrasound-assisted extraction, the developed methodology was found without the use of toxic organic solvent, meeting the principles of green chemistry. 27451208 5 62 theme proposed 1023:1030 arg1 method 1032:1037 the proposed method 1019:1037 the proposed method 1019:1037 Validation experiments showed that the proposed method presented good linearity (r(2)>0.9970), satisfactory precision (RSD<7.55%), and high recovery (85.63-105.67%). 27451208 3 63 from approach 763:770 arg1 term 775:778 term 775:778 term of peak areas 775:792 The present method exhibited higher efficiency for extracting phenolic compositions than Pharmacopoeia heat-reflux approach in term of peak areas. 27578913 3 0 from abundant 394:401 arg1 brain 410:414 the brain 406:414 the brain 406:414 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is an extracellular component abundant in the brain. 27578913 8 1 theme CS 969:970 arg1 roles 960:964 potential roles 950:964 potential roles of CS in AD pathology 950:986 Difficulties in the structural analysis of brain CS, as well as its heterogeneity, limit the study of potential roles of CS in AD pathology. 27578913 0 2 theme sulfate 84:90 arg1 size 18:21 molecular size 8:21 molecular size 8:21 Reduced molecular size and altered disaccharide composition of cerebral chondroitin sulfate upon Alzheimer's pathogenesis in mice. 27578913 0 2 theme sulfate 84:90 arg1 composition 48:58 altered disaccharide composition 27:58 altered disaccharide composition 27:58 Reduced molecular size and altered disaccharide composition of cerebral chondroitin sulfate upon Alzheimer's pathogenesis in mice. 27578913 4 3 theme chondroitin 499:509 arg1 proteoglycan 519:530 forming chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 491:530 forming chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 491:530 CS is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan covalently attached to a core protein, forming chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. 27578913 4 3 theme chondroitin 499:509 arg1 protein 482:488 a core protein 475:488 a core protein 475:488 CS is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan covalently attached to a core protein, forming chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. 27578913 9 4 theme AD 1142:1143 arg1 mice 1151:1154 Tg2576 AD model mice 1135:1154 Tg2576 AD model mice 1135:1154 Here we established a microanalysis method with reversed-phase ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography and found that CS in the brains of Tg2576 AD model mice show a lower molecular size and an increased ratio of CS-B motif di-sulfated disaccharide. 27578913 9 5 theme microanalysis 1011:1023 arg1 method 1025:1030 a microanalysis method 1009:1030 a microanalysis method 1009:1030 Here we established a microanalysis method with reversed-phase ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography and found that CS in the brains of Tg2576 AD model mice show a lower molecular size and an increased ratio of CS-B motif di-sulfated disaccharide. 27578913 4 6 theme forming 491:497 arg1 proteoglycan 519:530 forming chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 491:530 forming chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 491:530 CS is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan covalently attached to a core protein, forming chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. 27578913 4 6 theme forming 491:497 arg1 protein 482:488 a core protein 475:488 a core protein 475:488 CS is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan covalently attached to a core protein, forming chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. 27578913 9 7 theme model 1145:1149 arg1 mice 1151:1154 Tg2576 AD model mice 1135:1154 Tg2576 AD model mice 1135:1154 Here we established a microanalysis method with reversed-phase ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography and found that CS in the brains of Tg2576 AD model mice show a lower molecular size and an increased ratio of CS-B motif di-sulfated disaccharide. 27578913 2 8 theme ß 295:295 arg1 plaques 297:303 amyloid ß plaques 287:303 amyloid ß plaques 287:303 Cerebral extracellular accumulation and deposition of amyloid ß plaques is a pathological hallmark of AD. 27578913 9 9 theme Tg2576 1135:1140 arg1 mice 1151:1154 Tg2576 AD model mice 1135:1154 Tg2576 AD model mice 1135:1154 Here we established a microanalysis method with reversed-phase ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography and found that CS in the brains of Tg2576 AD model mice show a lower molecular size and an increased ratio of CS-B motif di-sulfated disaccharide. 27578913 8 10 from Difficulties 848:859 arg1 analysis 879:886 the structural analysis 864:886 the structural analysis of brain CS 864:898 Difficulties in the structural analysis of brain CS, as well as its heterogeneity, limit the study of potential roles of CS in AD pathology. 27578913 9 11 theme liquid 1078:1083 arg1 chromatography 1085:1098 reversed-phase ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography 1037:1098 reversed-phase ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography 1037:1098 Here we established a microanalysis method with reversed-phase ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography and found that CS in the brains of Tg2576 AD model mice show a lower molecular size and an increased ratio of CS-B motif di-sulfated disaccharide. 27578913 8 12 theme roles 960:964 arg1 study 941:945 the study 937:945 the study of potential roles of CS in AD pathology 937:986 Difficulties in the structural analysis of brain CS, as well as its heterogeneity, limit the study of potential roles of CS in AD pathology. 27578913 2 13 theme amyloid 287:293 arg1 plaques 297:303 amyloid ß plaques 287:303 amyloid ß plaques 287:303 Cerebral extracellular accumulation and deposition of amyloid ß plaques is a pathological hallmark of AD. 27578913 7 14 theme Increasing 704:713 arg1 evidence 715:722 Increasing evidence 704:722 Increasing evidence 704:722 Increasing evidence has shown that CS promotes aggregation of amyloid ß peptides into higher-order species such as insoluble amyloid ß fibrils. 27578913 3 15 theme Chondroitin 339:349 arg1 sulfate 351:357 Chondroitin sulfate 339:357 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) 339:362 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is an extracellular component abundant in the brain. 27578913 3 15 theme Chondroitin 339:349 arg1 component 384:392 an extracellular component 367:392 an extracellular component abundant in the brain 367:414 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is an extracellular component abundant in the brain. 27578913 3 15 theme Chondroitin 339:349 arg1 CS 360:361 CS 360:361 CS 360:361 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is an extracellular component abundant in the brain. 27578913 5 16 theme chain 620:624 arg1 elongation 602:611 elongation 602:611 elongation 602:611 The structure of CS is heterogeneous with sulfation modification and elongation of the chain. 27578913 5 16 theme chain 620:624 arg1 modification 585:596 sulfation modification 575:596 sulfation modification 575:596 The structure of CS is heterogeneous with sulfation modification and elongation of the chain. 27578913 8 17 theme potential 950:958 arg1 roles 960:964 potential roles 950:964 potential roles of CS in AD pathology 950:986 Difficulties in the structural analysis of brain CS, as well as its heterogeneity, limit the study of potential roles of CS in AD pathology. 27578913 9 18 theme reversed-phase 1037:1050 arg1 chromatography 1085:1098 reversed-phase ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography 1037:1098 reversed-phase ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography 1037:1098 Here we established a microanalysis method with reversed-phase ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography and found that CS in the brains of Tg2576 AD model mice show a lower molecular size and an increased ratio of CS-B motif di-sulfated disaccharide. 27578913 4 19 theme core 477:480 arg1 proteoglycan 519:530 forming chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 491:530 forming chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 491:530 CS is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan covalently attached to a core protein, forming chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. 27578913 4 19 theme core 477:480 arg1 protein 482:488 a core protein 475:488 a core protein 475:488 CS is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan covalently attached to a core protein, forming chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. 27578913 5 20 mod modification 585:596 arg1 chain 620:624 the chain 616:624 the chain 616:624 The structure of CS is heterogeneous with sulfation modification and elongation of the chain. 27578913 5 20 mod modification 585:596 arg3 sulfation 575:583 sulfation modification 575:596 sulfation modification 575:596 The structure of CS is heterogeneous with sulfation modification and elongation of the chain. 27578913 7 21 theme ß 837:837 arg1 fibrils 839:845 insoluble amyloid ß fibrils 819:845 insoluble amyloid ß fibrils 819:845 Increasing evidence has shown that CS promotes aggregation of amyloid ß peptides into higher-order species such as insoluble amyloid ß fibrils. 27578913 0 22 theme molecular 8:16 arg1 size 18:21 molecular size 8:21 molecular size 8:21 Reduced molecular size and altered disaccharide composition of cerebral chondroitin sulfate upon Alzheimer's pathogenesis in mice. 27578913 9 23 theme lower 1163:1167 arg1 size 1179:1182 a lower molecular size 1161:1182 a lower molecular size 1161:1182 Here we established a microanalysis method with reversed-phase ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography and found that CS in the brains of Tg2576 AD model mice show a lower molecular size and an increased ratio of CS-B motif di-sulfated disaccharide. 27578913 2 24 theme pathological 310:321 arg1 hallmark 323:330 a pathological hallmark 308:330 a pathological hallmark of AD 308:336 Cerebral extracellular accumulation and deposition of amyloid ß plaques is a pathological hallmark of AD. 27578913 2 24 theme pathological 310:321 arg1 accumulation 256:267 Cerebral extracellular accumulation 233:267 Cerebral extracellular accumulation 233:267 Cerebral extracellular accumulation and deposition of amyloid ß plaques is a pathological hallmark of AD. 27578913 2 24 theme pathological 310:321 arg1 deposition 273:282 deposition 273:282 deposition 273:282 Cerebral extracellular accumulation and deposition of amyloid ß plaques is a pathological hallmark of AD. 27578913 8 25 theme structural 868:877 arg1 analysis 879:886 the structural analysis 864:886 the structural analysis of brain CS 864:898 Difficulties in the structural analysis of brain CS, as well as its heterogeneity, limit the study of potential roles of CS in AD pathology. 27578913 1 26 theme progressive 161:171 arg1 disorder 173:180 a progressive disorder 159:180 a progressive disorder leading to cognitive impairment and neuronal loss 159:230 Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive disorder leading to cognitive impairment and neuronal loss. 27578913 1 26 theme progressive 161:171 arg1 disease 143:149 Alzheimer's disease 131:149 Alzheimer's disease (AD) 131:154 Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive disorder leading to cognitive impairment and neuronal loss. 27578913 3 27 theme extracellular 370:382 arg1 sulfate 351:357 Chondroitin sulfate 339:357 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) 339:362 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is an extracellular component abundant in the brain. 27578913 3 27 theme extracellular 370:382 arg1 component 384:392 an extracellular component 367:392 an extracellular component abundant in the brain 367:414 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is an extracellular component abundant in the brain. 27578913 7 28 theme higher-order 790:801 arg1 fibrils 839:845 insoluble amyloid ß fibrils 819:845 insoluble amyloid ß fibrils 819:845 Increasing evidence has shown that CS promotes aggregation of amyloid ß peptides into higher-order species such as insoluble amyloid ß fibrils. 27578913 7 28 theme higher-order 790:801 arg1 species 803:809 higher-order species 790:809 higher-order species such as insoluble amyloid ß fibrils 790:845 Increasing evidence has shown that CS promotes aggregation of amyloid ß peptides into higher-order species such as insoluble amyloid ß fibrils. 27578913 9 29 theme ion-pair 1052:1059 arg1 chromatography 1085:1098 reversed-phase ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography 1037:1098 reversed-phase ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography 1037:1098 Here we established a microanalysis method with reversed-phase ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography and found that CS in the brains of Tg2576 AD model mice show a lower molecular size and an increased ratio of CS-B motif di-sulfated disaccharide. 27578913 5 30 theme sulfation 575:583 arg1 modification 585:596 sulfation modification 575:596 sulfation modification 575:596 The structure of CS is heterogeneous with sulfation modification and elongation of the chain. 27578913 6 31 theme various 676:682 arg1 roles 684:688 various roles 676:688 various roles 676:688 The structural diversity of CS allows it to play various roles in the brain. 27578913 10 32 theme CS 1316:1317 arg1 changes 1296:1302 the structural changes 1281:1302 the structural changes of cerebral CS upon Alzheimer's pathogenesis 1281:1347 Our findings provide insight into the structural changes of cerebral CS upon Alzheimer's pathogenesis. 27578913 8 33 theme AD 975:976 arg1 pathology 978:986 AD pathology 975:986 AD pathology 975:986 Difficulties in the structural analysis of brain CS, as well as its heterogeneity, limit the study of potential roles of CS in AD pathology. 27578913 7 34 theme peptides 776:783 arg1 aggregation 751:761 aggregation 751:761 aggregation of amyloid ß peptides into higher-order species such as insoluble amyloid ß fibrils 751:845 Increasing evidence has shown that CS promotes aggregation of amyloid ß peptides into higher-order species such as insoluble amyloid ß fibrils. 27578913 7 35 theme amyloid 829:835 arg1 fibrils 839:845 insoluble amyloid ß fibrils 819:845 insoluble amyloid ß fibrils 819:845 Increasing evidence has shown that CS promotes aggregation of amyloid ß peptides into higher-order species such as insoluble amyloid ß fibrils. 27578913 9 36 theme high 1061:1064 arg1 chromatography 1085:1098 reversed-phase ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography 1037:1098 reversed-phase ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography 1037:1098 Here we established a microanalysis method with reversed-phase ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography and found that CS in the brains of Tg2576 AD model mice show a lower molecular size and an increased ratio of CS-B motif di-sulfated disaccharide. 27578913 9 37 theme molecular 1169:1177 arg1 size 1179:1182 a lower molecular size 1161:1182 a lower molecular size 1161:1182 Here we established a microanalysis method with reversed-phase ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography and found that CS in the brains of Tg2576 AD model mice show a lower molecular size and an increased ratio of CS-B motif di-sulfated disaccharide. 27578913 5 38 with heterogeneous 556:568 arg1 elongation 602:611 elongation 602:611 elongation 602:611 The structure of CS is heterogeneous with sulfation modification and elongation of the chain. 27578913 5 38 with heterogeneous 556:568 arg1 modification 585:596 sulfation modification 575:596 sulfation modification 575:596 The structure of CS is heterogeneous with sulfation modification and elongation of the chain. 27578913 4 39 theme sulfated 425:432 arg1 CS 417:418 CS 417:418 CS 417:418 CS is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan covalently attached to a core protein, forming chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. 27578913 4 39 theme sulfated 425:432 arg1 glycosaminoglycan 434:450 a sulfated glycosaminoglycan 423:450 a sulfated glycosaminoglycan covalently attached to a core protein, forming chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 423:530 CS is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan covalently attached to a core protein, forming chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. 27578913 2 40 theme plaques 297:303 arg1 deposition 273:282 deposition 273:282 deposition 273:282 Cerebral extracellular accumulation and deposition of amyloid ß plaques is a pathological hallmark of AD. 27578913 2 40 theme plaques 297:303 arg1 accumulation 256:267 Cerebral extracellular accumulation 233:267 Cerebral extracellular accumulation 233:267 Cerebral extracellular accumulation and deposition of amyloid ß plaques is a pathological hallmark of AD. 27578913 2 40 theme plaques 297:303 arg1 hallmark 323:330 a pathological hallmark 308:330 a pathological hallmark of AD 308:336 Cerebral extracellular accumulation and deposition of amyloid ß plaques is a pathological hallmark of AD. 27578913 7 41 theme insoluble 819:827 arg1 fibrils 839:845 insoluble amyloid ß fibrils 819:845 insoluble amyloid ß fibrils 819:845 Increasing evidence has shown that CS promotes aggregation of amyloid ß peptides into higher-order species such as insoluble amyloid ß fibrils. 27578913 0 42 theme disaccharide 35:46 arg1 composition 48:58 altered disaccharide composition 27:58 altered disaccharide composition 27:58 Reduced molecular size and altered disaccharide composition of cerebral chondroitin sulfate upon Alzheimer's pathogenesis in mice. 27578913 8 43 from pathology 978:986 arg1 study 941:945 the study 937:945 the study of potential roles of CS in AD pathology 937:986 Difficulties in the structural analysis of brain CS, as well as its heterogeneity, limit the study of potential roles of CS in AD pathology. 27578913 8 44 theme CS 897:898 arg1 analysis 879:886 the structural analysis 864:886 the structural analysis of brain CS 864:898 Difficulties in the structural analysis of brain CS, as well as its heterogeneity, limit the study of potential roles of CS in AD pathology. 27578913 1 45 theme cognitive 193:201 arg1 impairment 203:212 cognitive impairment 193:212 cognitive impairment 193:212 Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive disorder leading to cognitive impairment and neuronal loss. 27578913 0 46 theme altered 27:33 arg1 composition 48:58 altered disaccharide composition 27:58 altered disaccharide composition 27:58 Reduced molecular size and altered disaccharide composition of cerebral chondroitin sulfate upon Alzheimer's pathogenesis in mice. 27578913 7 47 theme amyloid 766:772 arg1 peptides 776:783 amyloid ß peptides 766:783 amyloid ß peptides 766:783 Increasing evidence has shown that CS promotes aggregation of amyloid ß peptides into higher-order species such as insoluble amyloid ß fibrils. 27578913 9 48 theme increased 1191:1199 arg1 ratio 1201:1205 an increased ratio 1188:1205 an increased ratio of CS-B motif di-sulfated disaccharide 1188:1244 Here we established a microanalysis method with reversed-phase ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography and found that CS in the brains of Tg2576 AD model mice show a lower molecular size and an increased ratio of CS-B motif di-sulfated disaccharide. 27578913 10 49 theme cerebral 1307:1314 arg1 CS 1316:1317 cerebral CS 1307:1317 cerebral CS 1307:1317 Our findings provide insight into the structural changes of cerebral CS upon Alzheimer's pathogenesis. 27578913 8 50 from heterogeneity 916:928 arg1 analysis 879:886 the structural analysis 864:886 the structural analysis of brain CS 864:898 Difficulties in the structural analysis of brain CS, as well as its heterogeneity, limit the study of potential roles of CS in AD pathology. 27578913 4 51 theme sulfate 511:517 arg1 proteoglycan 519:530 forming chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 491:530 forming chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 491:530 CS is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan covalently attached to a core protein, forming chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. 27578913 4 51 theme sulfate 511:517 arg1 protein 482:488 a core protein 475:488 a core protein 475:488 CS is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan covalently attached to a core protein, forming chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. 27578913 9 52 theme mice 1151:1154 arg1 brains 1125:1130 the brains 1121:1130 the brains of Tg2576 AD model mice 1121:1154 Here we established a microanalysis method with reversed-phase ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography and found that CS in the brains of Tg2576 AD model mice show a lower molecular size and an increased ratio of CS-B motif di-sulfated disaccharide. 27578913 8 53 from roles 960:964 arg1 pathology 978:986 AD pathology 975:986 AD pathology 975:986 Difficulties in the structural analysis of brain CS, as well as its heterogeneity, limit the study of potential roles of CS in AD pathology. 27578913 3 54 theme abundant 394:401 arg1 sulfate 351:357 Chondroitin sulfate 339:357 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) 339:362 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is an extracellular component abundant in the brain. 27578913 3 54 theme abundant 394:401 arg1 component 384:392 an extracellular component 367:392 an extracellular component abundant in the brain 367:414 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is an extracellular component abundant in the brain. 27578913 8 55 theme brain 891:895 arg1 CS 897:898 brain CS 891:898 brain CS 891:898 Difficulties in the structural analysis of brain CS, as well as its heterogeneity, limit the study of potential roles of CS in AD pathology. 27578913 5 56 theme CS 550:551 arg1 heterogeneous 556:568 heterogeneous 556:568 heterogeneous 556:568 The structure of CS is heterogeneous with sulfation modification and elongation of the chain. 27578913 5 56 theme CS 550:551 arg1 structure 537:545 The structure 533:545 The structure of CS 533:551 The structure of CS is heterogeneous with sulfation modification and elongation of the chain. 27578913 2 57 theme AD 335:336 arg1 hallmark 323:330 a pathological hallmark 308:330 a pathological hallmark of AD 308:336 Cerebral extracellular accumulation and deposition of amyloid ß plaques is a pathological hallmark of AD. 27578913 2 57 theme AD 335:336 arg1 accumulation 256:267 Cerebral extracellular accumulation 233:267 Cerebral extracellular accumulation 233:267 Cerebral extracellular accumulation and deposition of amyloid ß plaques is a pathological hallmark of AD. 27578913 2 57 theme AD 335:336 arg1 deposition 273:282 deposition 273:282 deposition 273:282 Cerebral extracellular accumulation and deposition of amyloid ß plaques is a pathological hallmark of AD. 27578913 0 58 from pathogenesis 109:120 arg1 mice 125:128 mice 125:128 mice 125:128 Reduced molecular size and altered disaccharide composition of cerebral chondroitin sulfate upon Alzheimer's pathogenesis in mice. 27578913 9 59 theme performance 1066:1076 arg1 chromatography 1085:1098 reversed-phase ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography 1037:1098 reversed-phase ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography 1037:1098 Here we established a microanalysis method with reversed-phase ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography and found that CS in the brains of Tg2576 AD model mice show a lower molecular size and an increased ratio of CS-B motif di-sulfated disaccharide. 27578913 6 60 theme CS 655:656 arg1 diversity 642:650 The structural diversity 627:650 The structural diversity of CS 627:656 The structural diversity of CS allows it to play various roles in the brain. 27578913 10 61 theme structural 1285:1294 arg1 changes 1296:1302 the structural changes 1281:1302 the structural changes of cerebral CS upon Alzheimer's pathogenesis 1281:1347 Our findings provide insight into the structural changes of cerebral CS upon Alzheimer's pathogenesis. 27578913 9 62 theme motif 1215:1219 arg1 disaccharide 1233:1244 CS-B motif di-sulfated disaccharide 1210:1244 CS-B motif di-sulfated disaccharide 1210:1244 Here we established a microanalysis method with reversed-phase ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography and found that CS in the brains of Tg2576 AD model mice show a lower molecular size and an increased ratio of CS-B motif di-sulfated disaccharide. 27578913 3 63 from brain 410:414 arg1 abundant 394:401 abundant 394:401 abundant 394:401 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is an extracellular component abundant in the brain. 27578913 8 64 from study 941:945 arg1 pathology 978:986 AD pathology 975:986 AD pathology 975:986 Difficulties in the structural analysis of brain CS, as well as its heterogeneity, limit the study of potential roles of CS in AD pathology. 27578913 1 65 theme neuronal 218:225 arg1 loss 227:230 neuronal loss 218:230 neuronal loss 218:230 Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive disorder leading to cognitive impairment and neuronal loss. 27578913 0 66 theme chondroitin 72:82 arg1 sulfate 84:90 cerebral chondroitin sulfate 63:90 cerebral chondroitin sulfate 63:90 Reduced molecular size and altered disaccharide composition of cerebral chondroitin sulfate upon Alzheimer's pathogenesis in mice. 27578913 9 67 theme di-sulfated 1221:1231 arg1 disaccharide 1233:1244 CS-B motif di-sulfated disaccharide 1210:1244 CS-B motif di-sulfated disaccharide 1210:1244 Here we established a microanalysis method with reversed-phase ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography and found that CS in the brains of Tg2576 AD model mice show a lower molecular size and an increased ratio of CS-B motif di-sulfated disaccharide. 27578913 2 68 theme extracellular 242:254 arg1 hallmark 323:330 a pathological hallmark 308:330 a pathological hallmark of AD 308:336 Cerebral extracellular accumulation and deposition of amyloid ß plaques is a pathological hallmark of AD. 27578913 2 68 theme extracellular 242:254 arg1 accumulation 256:267 Cerebral extracellular accumulation 233:267 Cerebral extracellular accumulation 233:267 Cerebral extracellular accumulation and deposition of amyloid ß plaques is a pathological hallmark of AD. 27578913 2 68 theme extracellular 242:254 arg1 deposition 273:282 deposition 273:282 deposition 273:282 Cerebral extracellular accumulation and deposition of amyloid ß plaques is a pathological hallmark of AD. 27578913 9 69 from CS 1115:1116 arg1 brains 1125:1130 the brains 1121:1130 the brains of Tg2576 AD model mice 1121:1154 Here we established a microanalysis method with reversed-phase ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography and found that CS in the brains of Tg2576 AD model mice show a lower molecular size and an increased ratio of CS-B motif di-sulfated disaccharide. 27578913 4 70 attach attached 463:470 arg2 glycosaminoglycan 434:450 a sulfated glycosaminoglycan 423:450 a sulfated glycosaminoglycan covalently attached to a core protein, forming chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 423:530 CS is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan covalently attached to a core protein, forming chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. 27578913 4 70 attach attached 463:470 arg1 proteoglycan 519:530 forming chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 491:530 forming chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 491:530 CS is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan covalently attached to a core protein, forming chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. 27578913 4 70 attach attached 463:470 arg1 protein 482:488 a core protein 475:488 a core protein 475:488 CS is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan covalently attached to a core protein, forming chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. 27578913 4 70 attach attached 463:470 arg2 CS 417:418 CS 417:418 CS 417:418 CS is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan covalently attached to a core protein, forming chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. 27578913 9 71 theme CS-B 1210:1213 arg1 disaccharide 1233:1244 CS-B motif di-sulfated disaccharide 1210:1244 CS-B motif di-sulfated disaccharide 1210:1244 Here we established a microanalysis method with reversed-phase ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography and found that CS in the brains of Tg2576 AD model mice show a lower molecular size and an increased ratio of CS-B motif di-sulfated disaccharide. 27578913 0 72 theme cerebral 63:70 arg1 sulfate 84:90 cerebral chondroitin sulfate 63:90 cerebral chondroitin sulfate 63:90 Reduced molecular size and altered disaccharide composition of cerebral chondroitin sulfate upon Alzheimer's pathogenesis in mice. 27578913 9 73 theme disaccharide 1233:1244 arg1 ratio 1201:1205 an increased ratio 1188:1205 an increased ratio of CS-B motif di-sulfated disaccharide 1188:1244 Here we established a microanalysis method with reversed-phase ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography and found that CS in the brains of Tg2576 AD model mice show a lower molecular size and an increased ratio of CS-B motif di-sulfated disaccharide. 27578913 9 73 theme disaccharide 1233:1244 arg1 size 1179:1182 a lower molecular size 1161:1182 a lower molecular size 1161:1182 Here we established a microanalysis method with reversed-phase ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography and found that CS in the brains of Tg2576 AD model mice show a lower molecular size and an increased ratio of CS-B motif di-sulfated disaccharide. 27578913 2 74 theme Cerebral 233:240 arg1 hallmark 323:330 a pathological hallmark 308:330 a pathological hallmark of AD 308:336 Cerebral extracellular accumulation and deposition of amyloid ß plaques is a pathological hallmark of AD. 27578913 2 74 theme Cerebral 233:240 arg1 accumulation 256:267 Cerebral extracellular accumulation 233:267 Cerebral extracellular accumulation 233:267 Cerebral extracellular accumulation and deposition of amyloid ß plaques is a pathological hallmark of AD. 27578913 2 74 theme Cerebral 233:240 arg1 deposition 273:282 deposition 273:282 deposition 273:282 Cerebral extracellular accumulation and deposition of amyloid ß plaques is a pathological hallmark of AD. 27578913 6 75 theme structural 631:640 arg1 diversity 642:650 The structural diversity 627:650 The structural diversity of CS 627:656 The structural diversity of CS allows it to play various roles in the brain. 27578913 7 76 theme ß 774:774 arg1 peptides 776:783 amyloid ß peptides 766:783 amyloid ß peptides 766:783 Increasing evidence has shown that CS promotes aggregation of amyloid ß peptides into higher-order species such as insoluble amyloid ß fibrils. 26448449 4 0 theme patient 713:719 arg1 samples 721:727 individual patient samples 702:727 individual patient samples based on an HPLC column immobilized with antihaptoglobin antibody via hydrazide immobilization chemistry 702:832 Haptoglobin was isolated from the serum of individual patient samples based on an HPLC column immobilized with antihaptoglobin antibody via hydrazide immobilization chemistry. 26448449 7 1 theme MS 1094:1095 arg1 data 1097:1100 The MS data 1090:1100 The MS data 1090:1100 The MS data confirmed that the bifucosylated tetra-anntenary glycan was upregulated in HCC samples of all etiologies. 26448449 7 2 theme bifucosylated 1121:1133 arg1 glycan 1151:1156 the bifucosylated tetra-anntenary glycan 1117:1156 the bifucosylated tetra-anntenary glycan 1117:1156 The MS data confirmed that the bifucosylated tetra-anntenary glycan was upregulated in HCC samples of all etiologies. 26448449 7 3 theme HCC 1177:1179 arg1 samples 1181:1187 HCC samples 1177:1187 HCC samples of all etiologies 1177:1205 The MS data confirmed that the bifucosylated tetra-anntenary glycan was upregulated in HCC samples of all etiologies. 26448449 4 4 attach isolated 675:682 arg1 serum 693:697 the serum 689:697 the serum of individual patient samples based on an HPLC column immobilized with antihaptoglobin antibody via hydrazide immobilization chemistry 689:832 Haptoglobin was isolated from the serum of individual patient samples based on an HPLC column immobilized with antihaptoglobin antibody via hydrazide immobilization chemistry. 26448449 4 4 attach isolated 675:682 arg2 Haptoglobin 659:669 Haptoglobin 659:669 Haptoglobin 659:669 Haptoglobin was isolated from the serum of individual patient samples based on an HPLC column immobilized with antihaptoglobin antibody via hydrazide immobilization chemistry. 26448449 3 5 theme serum 517:521 arg1 samples 523:529 serum samples 517:529 serum samples based on a 96-well plate platform for the evaluation of fucosylation changes of serum haptoglobin between HCC versus cirrhosis 517:656 We have thus developed a method for the analysis of large numbers of serum samples based on a 96-well plate platform for the evaluation of fucosylation changes of serum haptoglobin between HCC versus cirrhosis. 26448449 7 6 gly bifucosylated 1121:1133 arg1 glycan 1151:1156 the bifucosylated tetra-anntenary glycan 1117:1156 the bifucosylated tetra-anntenary glycan 1117:1156 The MS data confirmed that the bifucosylated tetra-anntenary glycan was upregulated in HCC samples of all etiologies. 26448449 0 7 theme Plate 95:99 arg1 Format 101:106 a 96-Well Plate Format 85:106 a 96-Well Plate Format 85:106 Mass Spectrometric N-Glycan Analysis of Haptoglobin from Patient Serum Samples Using a 96-Well Plate Format. 26448449 4 8 theme immobilization 809:822 arg1 chemistry 824:832 hydrazide immobilization chemistry 799:832 hydrazide immobilization chemistry 799:832 Haptoglobin was isolated from the serum of individual patient samples based on an HPLC column immobilized with antihaptoglobin antibody via hydrazide immobilization chemistry. 26448449 5 9 theme serum 849:853 arg1 μL 843:844 Only 10 μL 835:844 Only 10 μL of serum 835:853 Only 10 μL of serum was required for glycan extraction and processing for MALDI-QIT mass spectrometry analysis using the 96-well plate format. 26448449 3 10 theme samples 523:529 arg1 numbers 506:512 large numbers 500:512 large numbers of serum samples based on a 96-well plate platform for the evaluation of fucosylation changes of serum haptoglobin between HCC versus cirrhosis 500:656 We have thus developed a method for the analysis of large numbers of serum samples based on a 96-well plate platform for the evaluation of fucosylation changes of serum haptoglobin between HCC versus cirrhosis. 26448449 2 11 theme serum 308:312 arg1 haptoglobin 314:324 serum haptoglobin 308:324 serum haptoglobin 308:324 Our previous mass spectrometric study revealed that the bifucosylation level of serum haptoglobin was distinctly increased in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients versus liver cirrhosis of all three major etiologies. 26448449 0 12 theme 96-Well 87:93 arg1 Format 101:106 a 96-Well Plate Format 85:106 a 96-Well Plate Format 85:106 Mass Spectrometric N-Glycan Analysis of Haptoglobin from Patient Serum Samples Using a 96-Well Plate Format. 26448449 4 13 theme antihaptoglobin 770:784 arg1 antibody 786:793 antihaptoglobin antibody 770:793 antihaptoglobin antibody 770:793 Haptoglobin was isolated from the serum of individual patient samples based on an HPLC column immobilized with antihaptoglobin antibody via hydrazide immobilization chemistry. 26448449 3 14 theme plate 550:554 arg1 platform 556:563 a 96-well plate platform 540:563 a 96-well plate platform for the evaluation of fucosylation changes of serum haptoglobin between HCC versus cirrhosis 540:656 We have thus developed a method for the analysis of large numbers of serum samples based on a 96-well plate platform for the evaluation of fucosylation changes of serum haptoglobin between HCC versus cirrhosis. 26448449 5 15 theme plate 964:968 arg1 format 970:975 the 96-well plate format 952:975 the 96-well plate format 952:975 Only 10 μL of serum was required for glycan extraction and processing for MALDI-QIT mass spectrometry analysis using the 96-well plate format. 26448449 4 16 theme individual 702:711 arg1 samples 721:727 individual patient samples 702:727 individual patient samples based on an HPLC column immobilized with antihaptoglobin antibody via hydrazide immobilization chemistry 702:832 Haptoglobin was isolated from the serum of individual patient samples based on an HPLC column immobilized with antihaptoglobin antibody via hydrazide immobilization chemistry. 26448449 8 17 theme large 1363:1367 arg1 cohort 1369:1374 a potentially large cohort 1349:1374 a potentially large cohort of clinical serum samples 1349:1400 This study provides a parallel method for processing glycan content for haptoglobin and evaluating detailed changes in glycan structures for a potentially large cohort of clinical serum samples. 26448449 8 18 theme glycan 1327:1332 arg1 structures 1334:1343 glycan structures 1327:1343 glycan structures 1327:1343 This study provides a parallel method for processing glycan content for haptoglobin and evaluating detailed changes in glycan structures for a potentially large cohort of clinical serum samples. 26448449 4 19 theme hydrazide 799:807 arg1 chemistry 824:832 hydrazide immobilization chemistry 799:832 hydrazide immobilization chemistry 799:832 Haptoglobin was isolated from the serum of individual patient samples based on an HPLC column immobilized with antihaptoglobin antibody via hydrazide immobilization chemistry. 26448449 8 20 theme processing 1250:1259 arg1 content 1268:1274 processing glycan content 1250:1274 processing glycan content 1250:1274 This study provides a parallel method for processing glycan content for haptoglobin and evaluating detailed changes in glycan structures for a potentially large cohort of clinical serum samples. 26448449 1 21 theme unique 173:178 arg1 fingerprints 200:211 unique and highly specific fingerprints 173:211 unique and highly specific fingerprints of malignancy 173:225 Alterations in glycosylation of serum glycoproteins can provide unique and highly specific fingerprints of malignancy. 26448449 8 22 theme serum 1388:1392 arg1 samples 1394:1400 clinical serum samples 1379:1400 clinical serum samples 1379:1400 This study provides a parallel method for processing glycan content for haptoglobin and evaluating detailed changes in glycan structures for a potentially large cohort of clinical serum samples. 26448449 2 23 theme bifucosylation 284:297 arg1 level 299:303 the bifucosylation level 280:303 the bifucosylation level of serum haptoglobin 280:324 Our previous mass spectrometric study revealed that the bifucosylation level of serum haptoglobin was distinctly increased in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients versus liver cirrhosis of all three major etiologies. 26448449 8 24 theme parallel 1230:1237 arg1 method 1239:1244 a parallel method 1228:1244 a parallel method for processing glycan content for haptoglobin 1228:1290 This study provides a parallel method for processing glycan content for haptoglobin and evaluating detailed changes in glycan structures for a potentially large cohort of clinical serum samples. 26448449 0 25 theme Spectrometric 5:17 arg1 Analysis 28:35 Mass Spectrometric N-Glycan Analysis 0:35 Mass Spectrometric N-Glycan Analysis of Haptoglobin from Patient Serum Samples 0:77 Mass Spectrometric N-Glycan Analysis of Haptoglobin from Patient Serum Samples Using a 96-Well Plate Format. 26448449 7 26 theme tetra-anntenary 1135:1149 arg1 glycan 1151:1156 the bifucosylated tetra-anntenary glycan 1117:1156 the bifucosylated tetra-anntenary glycan 1117:1156 The MS data confirmed that the bifucosylated tetra-anntenary glycan was upregulated in HCC samples of all etiologies. 26448449 0 27 theme Mass 0:3 arg1 Analysis 28:35 Mass Spectrometric N-Glycan Analysis 0:35 Mass Spectrometric N-Glycan Analysis of Haptoglobin from Patient Serum Samples 0:77 Mass Spectrometric N-Glycan Analysis of Haptoglobin from Patient Serum Samples Using a 96-Well Plate Format. 26448449 1 28 from Alterations 109:119 arg1 glycosylation 124:136 glycosylation 124:136 glycosylation of serum glycoproteins 124:159 Alterations in glycosylation of serum glycoproteins can provide unique and highly specific fingerprints of malignancy. 26448449 4 29 theme HPLC 741:744 arg1 column 746:751 an HPLC column 738:751 an HPLC column immobilized with antihaptoglobin antibody via hydrazide immobilization chemistry 738:832 Haptoglobin was isolated from the serum of individual patient samples based on an HPLC column immobilized with antihaptoglobin antibody via hydrazide immobilization chemistry. 26448449 2 30 theme liver 401:405 arg1 cirrhosis 407:415 liver cirrhosis 401:415 liver cirrhosis of all three major etiologies 401:445 Our previous mass spectrometric study revealed that the bifucosylation level of serum haptoglobin was distinctly increased in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients versus liver cirrhosis of all three major etiologies. 26448449 8 31 theme glycan 1261:1266 arg1 content 1268:1274 processing glycan content 1250:1274 processing glycan content 1250:1274 This study provides a parallel method for processing glycan content for haptoglobin and evaluating detailed changes in glycan structures for a potentially large cohort of clinical serum samples. 26448449 6 32 theme haptoglobin 1008:1018 arg1 degrees 997:1003 The bifucosylation degrees 978:1003 The bifucosylation degrees of haptoglobin in individuals 978:1033 The bifucosylation degrees of haptoglobin in individuals were calculated using a quantitative glycomics method. 26448449 5 33 theme spectrometry 924:935 arg1 analysis 937:944 MALDI-QIT mass spectrometry analysis 909:944 MALDI-QIT mass spectrometry analysis using the 96-well plate format 909:975 Only 10 μL of serum was required for glycan extraction and processing for MALDI-QIT mass spectrometry analysis using the 96-well plate format. 26448449 8 34 theme samples 1394:1400 arg1 cohort 1369:1374 a potentially large cohort 1349:1374 a potentially large cohort of clinical serum samples 1349:1400 This study provides a parallel method for processing glycan content for haptoglobin and evaluating detailed changes in glycan structures for a potentially large cohort of clinical serum samples. 26448449 3 35 theme changes 600:606 arg1 evaluation 573:582 the evaluation 569:582 the evaluation of fucosylation changes of serum haptoglobin between HCC versus cirrhosis 569:656 We have thus developed a method for the analysis of large numbers of serum samples based on a 96-well plate platform for the evaluation of fucosylation changes of serum haptoglobin between HCC versus cirrhosis. 26448449 0 36 theme N-Glycan 19:26 arg1 Analysis 28:35 Mass Spectrometric N-Glycan Analysis 0:35 Mass Spectrometric N-Glycan Analysis of Haptoglobin from Patient Serum Samples 0:77 Mass Spectrometric N-Glycan Analysis of Haptoglobin from Patient Serum Samples Using a 96-Well Plate Format. 26448449 6 37 from degrees 997:1003 arg1 individuals 1023:1033 individuals 1023:1033 individuals 1023:1033 The bifucosylation degrees of haptoglobin in individuals were calculated using a quantitative glycomics method. 26448449 2 38 theme haptoglobin 314:324 arg1 level 299:303 the bifucosylation level 280:303 the bifucosylation level of serum haptoglobin 280:324 Our previous mass spectrometric study revealed that the bifucosylation level of serum haptoglobin was distinctly increased in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients versus liver cirrhosis of all three major etiologies. 26448449 2 39 theme etiologies 436:445 arg1 cirrhosis 407:415 liver cirrhosis 401:415 liver cirrhosis of all three major etiologies 401:445 Our previous mass spectrometric study revealed that the bifucosylation level of serum haptoglobin was distinctly increased in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients versus liver cirrhosis of all three major etiologies. 26448449 0 40 theme Haptoglobin 40:50 arg1 Analysis 28:35 Mass Spectrometric N-Glycan Analysis 0:35 Mass Spectrometric N-Glycan Analysis of Haptoglobin from Patient Serum Samples 0:77 Mass Spectrometric N-Glycan Analysis of Haptoglobin from Patient Serum Samples Using a 96-Well Plate Format. 26448449 3 41 theme numbers 506:512 arg1 analysis 488:495 the analysis 484:495 the analysis of large numbers of serum samples based on a 96-well plate platform for the evaluation of fucosylation changes of serum haptoglobin between HCC versus cirrhosis 484:656 We have thus developed a method for the analysis of large numbers of serum samples based on a 96-well plate platform for the evaluation of fucosylation changes of serum haptoglobin between HCC versus cirrhosis. 26448449 2 42 theme major 430:434 arg1 etiologies 436:445 all three major etiologies 420:445 all three major etiologies 420:445 Our previous mass spectrometric study revealed that the bifucosylation level of serum haptoglobin was distinctly increased in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients versus liver cirrhosis of all three major etiologies. 26448449 2 43 theme spectrometric 246:258 arg1 study 260:264 Our previous mass spectrometric study 228:264 Our previous mass spectrometric study 228:264 Our previous mass spectrometric study revealed that the bifucosylation level of serum haptoglobin was distinctly increased in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients versus liver cirrhosis of all three major etiologies. 26448449 1 44 theme specific 191:198 arg1 fingerprints 200:211 unique and highly specific fingerprints 173:211 unique and highly specific fingerprints of malignancy 173:225 Alterations in glycosylation of serum glycoproteins can provide unique and highly specific fingerprints of malignancy. 26448449 1 45 theme malignancy 216:225 arg1 fingerprints 200:211 unique and highly specific fingerprints 173:211 unique and highly specific fingerprints of malignancy 173:225 Alterations in glycosylation of serum glycoproteins can provide unique and highly specific fingerprints of malignancy. 26448449 8 46 theme detailed 1307:1314 arg1 changes 1316:1322 detailed changes 1307:1322 detailed changes in glycan structures 1307:1343 This study provides a parallel method for processing glycan content for haptoglobin and evaluating detailed changes in glycan structures for a potentially large cohort of clinical serum samples. 26448449 6 47 theme bifucosylation 982:995 arg1 degrees 997:1003 The bifucosylation degrees 978:1003 The bifucosylation degrees of haptoglobin in individuals 978:1033 The bifucosylation degrees of haptoglobin in individuals were calculated using a quantitative glycomics method. 26448449 1 48 gly glycosylation 124:136 arg1 glycoproteins 147:159 serum glycoproteins 141:159 serum glycoproteins 141:159 Alterations in glycosylation of serum glycoproteins can provide unique and highly specific fingerprints of malignancy. 26448449 0 49 from Samples 71:77 arg1 Haptoglobin 40:50 Haptoglobin 40:50 Haptoglobin from Patient Serum Samples 40:77 Mass Spectrometric N-Glycan Analysis of Haptoglobin from Patient Serum Samples Using a 96-Well Plate Format. 26448449 0 49 from Samples 71:77 arg1 Analysis 28:35 Mass Spectrometric N-Glycan Analysis 0:35 Mass Spectrometric N-Glycan Analysis of Haptoglobin from Patient Serum Samples 0:77 Mass Spectrometric N-Glycan Analysis of Haptoglobin from Patient Serum Samples Using a 96-Well Plate Format. 26448449 2 50 theme mass 241:244 arg1 study 260:264 Our previous mass spectrometric study 228:264 Our previous mass spectrometric study 228:264 Our previous mass spectrometric study revealed that the bifucosylation level of serum haptoglobin was distinctly increased in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients versus liver cirrhosis of all three major etiologies. 26448449 8 51 theme clinical 1379:1386 arg1 samples 1394:1400 clinical serum samples 1379:1400 clinical serum samples 1379:1400 This study provides a parallel method for processing glycan content for haptoglobin and evaluating detailed changes in glycan structures for a potentially large cohort of clinical serum samples. 26448449 5 52 theme glycan 872:877 arg1 extraction 879:888 glycan extraction 872:888 glycan extraction 872:888 Only 10 μL of serum was required for glycan extraction and processing for MALDI-QIT mass spectrometry analysis using the 96-well plate format. 26448449 0 53 theme Patient 57:63 arg1 Samples 71:77 Patient Serum Samples 57:77 Patient Serum Samples 57:77 Mass Spectrometric N-Glycan Analysis of Haptoglobin from Patient Serum Samples Using a 96-Well Plate Format. 26448449 5 54 theme MALDI-QIT 909:917 arg1 analysis 937:944 MALDI-QIT mass spectrometry analysis 909:944 MALDI-QIT mass spectrometry analysis using the 96-well plate format 909:975 Only 10 μL of serum was required for glycan extraction and processing for MALDI-QIT mass spectrometry analysis using the 96-well plate format. 26448449 1 55 gly glycoproteins 147:159 arg1 glycoproteins 147:159 serum glycoproteins 141:159 serum glycoproteins 141:159 Alterations in glycosylation of serum glycoproteins can provide unique and highly specific fingerprints of malignancy. 26448449 2 56 theme previous 232:239 arg1 study 260:264 Our previous mass spectrometric study 228:264 Our previous mass spectrometric study 228:264 Our previous mass spectrometric study revealed that the bifucosylation level of serum haptoglobin was distinctly increased in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients versus liver cirrhosis of all three major etiologies. 26448449 8 57 from changes 1316:1322 arg1 structures 1334:1343 glycan structures 1327:1343 glycan structures 1327:1343 This study provides a parallel method for processing glycan content for haptoglobin and evaluating detailed changes in glycan structures for a potentially large cohort of clinical serum samples. 26448449 3 58 theme large 500:504 arg1 numbers 506:512 large numbers 500:512 large numbers of serum samples based on a 96-well plate platform for the evaluation of fucosylation changes of serum haptoglobin between HCC versus cirrhosis 500:656 We have thus developed a method for the analysis of large numbers of serum samples based on a 96-well plate platform for the evaluation of fucosylation changes of serum haptoglobin between HCC versus cirrhosis. 26448449 7 59 theme etiologies 1196:1205 arg1 samples 1181:1187 HCC samples 1177:1187 HCC samples of all etiologies 1177:1205 The MS data confirmed that the bifucosylated tetra-anntenary glycan was upregulated in HCC samples of all etiologies. 26448449 3 60 theme fucosylation 587:598 arg1 changes 600:606 fucosylation changes 587:606 fucosylation changes of serum haptoglobin between HCC versus cirrhosis 587:656 We have thus developed a method for the analysis of large numbers of serum samples based on a 96-well plate platform for the evaluation of fucosylation changes of serum haptoglobin between HCC versus cirrhosis. 26448449 2 61 theme carcinoma 369:377 arg1 patients 385:392 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients 354:392 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients 354:392 Our previous mass spectrometric study revealed that the bifucosylation level of serum haptoglobin was distinctly increased in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients versus liver cirrhosis of all three major etiologies. 26448449 6 62 theme glycomics 1072:1080 arg1 method 1082:1087 a quantitative glycomics method 1057:1087 a quantitative glycomics method 1057:1087 The bifucosylation degrees of haptoglobin in individuals were calculated using a quantitative glycomics method. 26448449 2 63 theme hepatocellular 354:367 arg1 carcinoma 369:377 hepatocellular carcinoma 354:377 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients 354:392 Our previous mass spectrometric study revealed that the bifucosylation level of serum haptoglobin was distinctly increased in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients versus liver cirrhosis of all three major etiologies. 26448449 2 63 theme hepatocellular 354:367 arg1 HCC 380:382 HCC 380:382 HCC 380:382 Our previous mass spectrometric study revealed that the bifucosylation level of serum haptoglobin was distinctly increased in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients versus liver cirrhosis of all three major etiologies. 26448449 3 64 theme 96-well 542:548 arg1 platform 556:563 a 96-well plate platform 540:563 a 96-well plate platform for the evaluation of fucosylation changes of serum haptoglobin between HCC versus cirrhosis 540:656 We have thus developed a method for the analysis of large numbers of serum samples based on a 96-well plate platform for the evaluation of fucosylation changes of serum haptoglobin between HCC versus cirrhosis. 26448449 5 65 theme mass 919:922 arg1 analysis 937:944 MALDI-QIT mass spectrometry analysis 909:944 MALDI-QIT mass spectrometry analysis using the 96-well plate format 909:975 Only 10 μL of serum was required for glycan extraction and processing for MALDI-QIT mass spectrometry analysis using the 96-well plate format. 26448449 5 66 theme 96-well 956:962 arg1 format 970:975 the 96-well plate format 952:975 the 96-well plate format 952:975 Only 10 μL of serum was required for glycan extraction and processing for MALDI-QIT mass spectrometry analysis using the 96-well plate format. 26448449 3 67 theme serum 611:615 arg1 haptoglobin 617:627 serum haptoglobin 611:627 serum haptoglobin between HCC versus cirrhosis 611:656 We have thus developed a method for the analysis of large numbers of serum samples based on a 96-well plate platform for the evaluation of fucosylation changes of serum haptoglobin between HCC versus cirrhosis. 26448449 1 68 theme serum 141:145 arg1 glycoproteins 147:159 serum glycoproteins 141:159 serum glycoproteins 141:159 Alterations in glycosylation of serum glycoproteins can provide unique and highly specific fingerprints of malignancy. 26448449 6 69 theme quantitative 1059:1070 arg1 method 1082:1087 a quantitative glycomics method 1057:1087 a quantitative glycomics method 1057:1087 The bifucosylation degrees of haptoglobin in individuals were calculated using a quantitative glycomics method. 26448449 0 70 theme Serum 65:69 arg1 Samples 71:77 Patient Serum Samples 57:77 Patient Serum Samples 57:77 Mass Spectrometric N-Glycan Analysis of Haptoglobin from Patient Serum Samples Using a 96-Well Plate Format. 26448449 0 71 from Analysis 28:35 arg1 Samples 71:77 Patient Serum Samples 57:77 Patient Serum Samples 57:77 Mass Spectrometric N-Glycan Analysis of Haptoglobin from Patient Serum Samples Using a 96-Well Plate Format. 26448449 3 72 theme haptoglobin 617:627 arg1 changes 600:606 fucosylation changes 587:606 fucosylation changes of serum haptoglobin between HCC versus cirrhosis 587:656 We have thus developed a method for the analysis of large numbers of serum samples based on a 96-well plate platform for the evaluation of fucosylation changes of serum haptoglobin between HCC versus cirrhosis. 26448449 1 73 theme glycoproteins 147:159 arg1 glycosylation 124:136 glycosylation 124:136 glycosylation of serum glycoproteins 124:159 Alterations in glycosylation of serum glycoproteins can provide unique and highly specific fingerprints of malignancy. 26448449 4 74 theme samples 721:727 arg1 serum 693:697 the serum 689:697 the serum of individual patient samples based on an HPLC column immobilized with antihaptoglobin antibody via hydrazide immobilization chemistry 689:832 Haptoglobin was isolated from the serum of individual patient samples based on an HPLC column immobilized with antihaptoglobin antibody via hydrazide immobilization chemistry. 27185118 0 0 theme collagen-hydroxyapatite 62:84 arg1 sponges 86:92 collagen-hydroxyapatite sponges 62:92 collagen-hydroxyapatite sponges for applications in dentistry 62:122 Effect of starch on the mechanical and in vitro properties of collagen-hydroxyapatite sponges for applications in dentistry. 27185118 7 1 theme cells 1037:1041 arg1 capability 1066:1075 the blood-clotting capability 1047:1075 the blood-clotting capability 1047:1075 The viability of cells and the blood-clotting capability increased with starch incorporation. 27185118 7 1 theme cells 1037:1041 arg1 viability 1024:1032 The viability 1020:1032 The viability of cells 1020:1041 The viability of cells and the blood-clotting capability increased with starch incorporation. 27185118 4 2 theme modified 511:518 arg1 microstructure 520:533 The modified microstructure 507:533 The modified microstructure 507:533 The modified microstructure and surface area provided by the starch granules on the sponges improved cell viability. 27185118 6 3 theme 1:4:10 916:921 arg1 composition 901:911 composition 901:911 composition of 1:4:10 901:921 Incorporation of HA-starch into the sponges with composition of 1:4:10, increased the elastic modulus of the collagen-HA sponges, making them more structurally robust. 27185118 5 4 theme blood-clotting 673:686 arg1 capability 688:697 their blood-clotting capability 667:697 their blood-clotting capability with almost no change from 5 to 15min 667:735 Sponges with composition 1:4:10 maintained their blood-clotting capability with almost no change from 5 to 15min after contact with blood, while CollaPlug(®) diminished to about half its capacity to absorb blood and form clots. 27185118 0 5 from Effect 0:5 arg1 properties 48:57 the mechanical and in vitro properties 20:57 the mechanical and in vitro properties of collagen-hydroxyapatite sponges for applications in dentistry 20:122 Effect of starch on the mechanical and in vitro properties of collagen-hydroxyapatite sponges for applications in dentistry. 27185118 0 6 theme sponges 86:92 arg1 properties 48:57 the mechanical and in vitro properties 20:57 the mechanical and in vitro properties of collagen-hydroxyapatite sponges for applications in dentistry 20:122 Effect of starch on the mechanical and in vitro properties of collagen-hydroxyapatite sponges for applications in dentistry. 27185118 5 7 with contact 743:749 arg1 blood 756:760 blood 756:760 blood 756:760 Sponges with composition 1:4:10 maintained their blood-clotting capability with almost no change from 5 to 15min after contact with blood, while CollaPlug(®) diminished to about half its capacity to absorb blood and form clots. 27185118 1 8 theme blended 271:277 arg1 -starch 298:304 blended hydroxyapatite (HA)-starch 271:304 blended hydroxyapatite (HA)-starch 271:304 This study sought to improve the mechanical and blood-absorbing properties of collagen sponges, while keeping them compressible, by incorporating blended hydroxyapatite (HA)-starch. 27185118 6 9 theme collagen-HA 961:971 arg1 sponges 973:979 the collagen-HA sponges 957:979 the collagen-HA sponges 957:979 Incorporation of HA-starch into the sponges with composition of 1:4:10, increased the elastic modulus of the collagen-HA sponges, making them more structurally robust. 27185118 1 10 theme blood-absorbing 173:187 arg1 properties 189:198 the mechanical and blood-absorbing properties 154:198 the mechanical and blood-absorbing properties of collagen sponges 154:218 This study sought to improve the mechanical and blood-absorbing properties of collagen sponges, while keeping them compressible, by incorporating blended hydroxyapatite (HA)-starch. 27185118 1 11 theme mechanical 158:167 arg1 properties 189:198 the mechanical and blood-absorbing properties 154:198 the mechanical and blood-absorbing properties of collagen sponges 154:218 This study sought to improve the mechanical and blood-absorbing properties of collagen sponges, while keeping them compressible, by incorporating blended hydroxyapatite (HA)-starch. 27185118 3 12 with sponges 442:448 arg1 composition 455:465 composition 1:4:10 455:472 composition 1:4:10 455:472 The elastic modulus increased from 1.5±0.2kPa for CollaPlug(®) to 49±8kPa for sponges with composition 1:4:10 (collagen:HA:starch, by weight). 27185118 6 13 theme elastic 938:944 arg1 modulus 946:952 the elastic modulus 934:952 the elastic modulus of the collagen-HA sponges 934:979 Incorporation of HA-starch into the sponges with composition of 1:4:10, increased the elastic modulus of the collagen-HA sponges, making them more structurally robust. 27185118 3 14 dep increased 384:392 arg1 collagen 475:482 collagen 475:482 collagen 475:482 The elastic modulus increased from 1.5±0.2kPa for CollaPlug(®) to 49±8kPa for sponges with composition 1:4:10 (collagen:HA:starch, by weight). 27185118 4 15 theme cell 608:611 arg1 viability 613:621 cell viability 608:621 cell viability 608:621 The modified microstructure and surface area provided by the starch granules on the sponges improved cell viability. 27185118 1 16 theme hydroxyapatite 279:292 arg1 -starch 298:304 blended hydroxyapatite (HA)-starch 271:304 blended hydroxyapatite (HA)-starch 271:304 This study sought to improve the mechanical and blood-absorbing properties of collagen sponges, while keeping them compressible, by incorporating blended hydroxyapatite (HA)-starch. 27185118 5 17 with capability 688:697 arg1 change 714:719 almost no change 704:719 almost no change from 5 704:726 Sponges with composition 1:4:10 maintained their blood-clotting capability with almost no change from 5 to 15min after contact with blood, while CollaPlug(®) diminished to about half its capacity to absorb blood and form clots. 27185118 3 18 dep collagen 475:482 arg1 starch 487:492 starch 487:492 starch 487:492 The elastic modulus increased from 1.5±0.2kPa for CollaPlug(®) to 49±8kPa for sponges with composition 1:4:10 (collagen:HA:starch, by weight). 27185118 3 18 dep collagen 475:482 arg1 HA 484:485 HA 484:485 HA 484:485 The elastic modulus increased from 1.5±0.2kPa for CollaPlug(®) to 49±8kPa for sponges with composition 1:4:10 (collagen:HA:starch, by weight). 27185118 4 19 theme starch 568:573 arg1 granules 575:582 the starch granules 564:582 the starch granules 564:582 The modified microstructure and surface area provided by the starch granules on the sponges improved cell viability. 27185118 0 20 theme starch 10:15 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of starch on the mechanical and in vitro properties of collagen-hydroxyapatite sponges for applications in dentistry. 0:123 Effect of starch on the mechanical and in vitro properties of collagen-hydroxyapatite sponges for applications in dentistry. 27185118 1 21 theme collagen 203:210 arg1 sponges 212:218 collagen sponges 203:218 collagen sponges 203:218 This study sought to improve the mechanical and blood-absorbing properties of collagen sponges, while keeping them compressible, by incorporating blended hydroxyapatite (HA)-starch. 27185118 0 22 theme mechanical 24:33 arg1 properties 48:57 the mechanical and in vitro properties 20:57 the mechanical and in vitro properties of collagen-hydroxyapatite sponges for applications in dentistry 20:122 Effect of starch on the mechanical and in vitro properties of collagen-hydroxyapatite sponges for applications in dentistry. 27185118 0 23 dep in 39:40 arg1 vitro 42:46 vitro 42:46 vitro 42:46 Effect of starch on the mechanical and in vitro properties of collagen-hydroxyapatite sponges for applications in dentistry. 27185118 1 24 theme sponges 212:218 arg1 properties 189:198 the mechanical and blood-absorbing properties 154:198 the mechanical and blood-absorbing properties of collagen sponges 154:218 This study sought to improve the mechanical and blood-absorbing properties of collagen sponges, while keeping them compressible, by incorporating blended hydroxyapatite (HA)-starch. 27185118 5 25 with Sponges 624:630 arg1 composition 637:647 composition 1:4:10 637:654 composition 1:4:10 637:654 Sponges with composition 1:4:10 maintained their blood-clotting capability with almost no change from 5 to 15min after contact with blood, while CollaPlug(®) diminished to about half its capacity to absorb blood and form clots. 27185118 6 26 theme HA-starch 869:877 arg1 Incorporation 852:864 Incorporation 852:864 Incorporation 852:864 Incorporation of HA-starch into the sponges with composition of 1:4:10, increased the elastic modulus of the collagen-HA sponges, making them more structurally robust. 27185118 0 27 theme in 39:40 arg1 properties 48:57 the mechanical and in vitro properties 20:57 the mechanical and in vitro properties of collagen-hydroxyapatite sponges for applications in dentistry 20:122 Effect of starch on the mechanical and in vitro properties of collagen-hydroxyapatite sponges for applications in dentistry. 27185118 5 28 theme blood 830:834 arg1 clots 845:849 blood and form clots 830:849 blood and form clots 830:849 Sponges with composition 1:4:10 maintained their blood-clotting capability with almost no change from 5 to 15min after contact with blood, while CollaPlug(®) diminished to about half its capacity to absorb blood and form clots. 27185118 7 29 theme blood-clotting 1051:1064 arg1 capability 1066:1075 the blood-clotting capability 1047:1075 the blood-clotting capability 1047:1075 The viability of cells and the blood-clotting capability increased with starch incorporation. 27185118 5 30 from 5 726:726 arg1 change 714:719 almost no change 704:719 almost no change from 5 704:726 Sponges with composition 1:4:10 maintained their blood-clotting capability with almost no change from 5 to 15min after contact with blood, while CollaPlug(®) diminished to about half its capacity to absorb blood and form clots. 27185118 0 31 from applications 98:109 arg1 dentistry 114:122 dentistry 114:122 dentistry 114:122 Effect of starch on the mechanical and in vitro properties of collagen-hydroxyapatite sponges for applications in dentistry. 27185118 5 32 theme form 840:843 arg1 clots 845:849 blood and form clots 830:849 blood and form clots 830:849 Sponges with composition 1:4:10 maintained their blood-clotting capability with almost no change from 5 to 15min after contact with blood, while CollaPlug(®) diminished to about half its capacity to absorb blood and form clots. 27185118 6 33 with sponges 888:894 arg1 composition 901:911 composition 901:911 composition of 1:4:10 901:921 Incorporation of HA-starch into the sponges with composition of 1:4:10, increased the elastic modulus of the collagen-HA sponges, making them more structurally robust. 27185118 4 34 theme surface 539:545 arg1 area 547:550 surface area 539:550 surface area 539:550 The modified microstructure and surface area provided by the starch granules on the sponges improved cell viability. 27185118 6 35 theme sponges 973:979 arg1 modulus 946:952 the elastic modulus 934:952 the elastic modulus of the collagen-HA sponges 934:979 Incorporation of HA-starch into the sponges with composition of 1:4:10, increased the elastic modulus of the collagen-HA sponges, making them more structurally robust. 27185118 2 36 theme pure 348:351 arg1 CollaPlug 334:342 CollaPlug 334:342 CollaPlug(®) (pure collagen) 334:361 Results were compared with CollaPlug(®) (pure collagen). 27185118 2 36 theme pure 348:351 arg1 collagen 353:360 pure collagen 348:360 pure collagen 348:360 Results were compared with CollaPlug(®) (pure collagen). 27185118 3 37 theme elastic 368:374 arg1 modulus 376:382 The elastic modulus 364:382 The elastic modulus 364:382 The elastic modulus increased from 1.5±0.2kPa for CollaPlug(®) to 49±8kPa for sponges with composition 1:4:10 (collagen:HA:starch, by weight). 27185118 7 38 theme starch 1092:1097 arg1 incorporation 1099:1111 starch incorporation 1092:1111 starch incorporation 1092:1111 The viability of cells and the blood-clotting capability increased with starch incorporation. 25749011 9 0 from CDH2 1336:1339 arg1 culture 1398:1404 alginate culture 1389:1404 alginate culture 1389:1404 Compared with monolayer culture, ND-NPC showed increased NP marker expression of KRT18, KRT19, and CDH2, as well as chondrocyte markers SOX9 and MIA in alginate culture. 25749011 10 1 theme COL3A1 1462:1467 arg1 expression 1420:1429 expression 1420:1429 expression of fibroblastic marker COL1A1, COL3A1, and FN1 1420:1476 In contrast, expression of fibroblastic marker COL1A1, COL3A1, and FN1 were reduced. 25749011 6 2 from expression 906:915 arg1 cells 952:956 monolayer-/alginate-cultured NP cells 920:956 monolayer-/alginate-cultured NP cells 920:956 CS-GAG compositional expression in monolayer-/alginate-cultured NP cells was evaluated by carbohydrate electrophoresis. 25749011 11 3 theme alginate 1580:1587 arg1 culture 1589:1595 alginate culture 1580:1595 alginate culture 1580:1595 Interestingly, ND-NPC showed a loss of Tie2+ but gain in KRT19+/CD24+ population during alginate culture. 25749011 6 4 theme monolayer-/alginate-cultured 920:947 arg1 cells 952:956 monolayer-/alginate-cultured NP cells 920:956 monolayer-/alginate-cultured NP cells 920:956 CS-GAG compositional expression in monolayer-/alginate-cultured NP cells was evaluated by carbohydrate electrophoresis. 25749011 9 5 theme marker 1297:1302 arg1 expression 1304:1313 increased NP marker expression 1284:1313 increased NP marker expression of KRT18, KRT19, and CDH2, as well as chondrocyte markers SOX9 and MIA in alginate culture 1284:1404 Compared with monolayer culture, ND-NPC showed increased NP marker expression of KRT18, KRT19, and CDH2, as well as chondrocyte markers SOX9 and MIA in alginate culture. 25749011 4 6 theme human 574:578 arg1 populations 589:599 distinct human NP cells populations 565:599 distinct human NP cells populations 565:599 The aim of this study is to profile the phenotypic changes of distinct human NP cells populations and describe the dynamic expression of chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans (CS-GAGs) in extended alginate encapsulation. 25749011 4 7 theme alginate 701:708 arg1 encapsulation 710:722 extended alginate encapsulation 692:722 extended alginate encapsulation 692:722 The aim of this study is to profile the phenotypic changes of distinct human NP cells populations and describe the dynamic expression of chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans (CS-GAGs) in extended alginate encapsulation. 25749011 2 8 theme chondrocyte-like 331:346 arg1 cells 351:355 chondrocyte-like NP cells 331:355 chondrocyte-like NP cells 331:355 Alginate culturing provides a favorable microenvironment for the phenotypic maintenance of chondrocyte-like NP cells. 25749011 4 9 theme glycosaminoglycans 660:677 arg1 expression 626:635 the dynamic expression 614:635 the dynamic expression of chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans (CS-GAGs) in extended alginate encapsulation 614:722 The aim of this study is to profile the phenotypic changes of distinct human NP cells populations and describe the dynamic expression of chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans (CS-GAGs) in extended alginate encapsulation. 25749011 13 10 theme proteoglycan 1849:1860 arg1 production 1862:1871 chondroitin-4-sulfate proteoglycan production 1827:1871 chondroitin-4-sulfate proteoglycan production 1827:1871 CONCLUSION We demonstrate for the first time that extended alginate culture selectively enriches the committed NP cells and favors chondroitin-4-sulfate proteoglycan production. 25749011 1 11 theme nucleus 217:223 arg1 NP 235:236 NP 235:236 NP 235:236 OBJECTIVE Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is associated with a malfunction of the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25749011 1 11 theme nucleus 217:223 arg1 pulposus 225:232 the nucleus pulposus 213:232 the nucleus pulposus (NP) 213:237 OBJECTIVE Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is associated with a malfunction of the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25749011 9 12 from markers 1365:1371 arg1 culture 1398:1404 alginate culture 1389:1404 alginate culture 1389:1404 Compared with monolayer culture, ND-NPC showed increased NP marker expression of KRT18, KRT19, and CDH2, as well as chondrocyte markers SOX9 and MIA in alginate culture. 25749011 12 13 theme surface 1664:1670 arg1 markers 1672:1678 NP surface markers 1661:1678 NP surface markers 1661:1678 In contrast, D-NPC showed more consistent expression levels of NP surface markers during culture. 25749011 13 14 theme committed 1797:1805 arg1 cells 1810:1814 the committed NP cells 1793:1814 the committed NP cells 1793:1814 CONCLUSION We demonstrate for the first time that extended alginate culture selectively enriches the committed NP cells and favors chondroitin-4-sulfate proteoglycan production. 25749011 5 15 theme 28-day 834:839 arg1 culture 841:847 28-day culture 834:847 28-day culture in alginate after serial passaging 834:882 METHOD Non-degenerated (ND-NPC) and degenerated (D-NPC) NP cells were expanded in monolayers, and subject to 28-day culture in alginate after serial passaging. 25749011 5 16 theme serial 867:872 arg1 passaging 874:882 serial passaging 867:882 serial passaging 867:882 METHOD Non-degenerated (ND-NPC) and degenerated (D-NPC) NP cells were expanded in monolayers, and subject to 28-day culture in alginate after serial passaging. 25749011 9 17 theme CDH2 1336:1339 arg1 expression 1304:1313 increased NP marker expression 1284:1313 increased NP marker expression of KRT18, KRT19, and CDH2, as well as chondrocyte markers SOX9 and MIA in alginate culture 1284:1404 Compared with monolayer culture, ND-NPC showed increased NP marker expression of KRT18, KRT19, and CDH2, as well as chondrocyte markers SOX9 and MIA in alginate culture. 25749011 7 18 theme gene 1076:1079 arg1 analysis 1092:1099 gene expression analysis 1076:1099 gene expression analysis 1076:1099 Cellular phenotypic changes were assessed by immunologic detection and gene expression analysis. 25749011 1 19 theme disc 153:156 arg1 degeneration 164:175 OBJECTIVE Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration 128:175 OBJECTIVE Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration 128:175 OBJECTIVE Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is associated with a malfunction of the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25749011 6 20 theme carbohydrate 975:986 arg1 electrophoresis 988:1002 carbohydrate electrophoresis 975:1002 carbohydrate electrophoresis 975:1002 CS-GAG compositional expression in monolayer-/alginate-cultured NP cells was evaluated by carbohydrate electrophoresis. 25749011 5 21 theme Non-degenerated 732:746 arg1 cells 784:788 METHOD Non-degenerated (ND-NPC) and degenerated (D-NPC) NP cells 725:788 METHOD Non-degenerated (ND-NPC) and degenerated (D-NPC) NP cells 725:788 METHOD Non-degenerated (ND-NPC) and degenerated (D-NPC) NP cells were expanded in monolayers, and subject to 28-day culture in alginate after serial passaging. 25749011 1 22 theme IVD 159:161 arg1 degeneration 164:175 OBJECTIVE Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration 128:175 OBJECTIVE Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration 128:175 OBJECTIVE Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is associated with a malfunction of the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25749011 11 23 theme Tie2+ 1531:1535 arg1 loss 1523:1526 a loss 1521:1526 a loss of Tie2+ 1521:1535 Interestingly, ND-NPC showed a loss of Tie2+ but gain in KRT19+/CD24+ population during alginate culture. 25749011 0 24 theme chondroitin 64:74 arg1 proteoglycans 84:96 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans 64:96 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans 64:96 Enrichment of committed human nucleus pulposus cells expressing chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans under alginate encapsulation. 25749011 4 25 theme study 519:523 arg1 aim 507:509 The aim 503:509 The aim of this study 503:523 The aim of this study is to profile the phenotypic changes of distinct human NP cells populations and describe the dynamic expression of chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans (CS-GAGs) in extended alginate encapsulation. 25749011 13 26 theme alginate 1755:1762 arg1 culture 1764:1770 extended alginate culture 1746:1770 extended alginate culture 1746:1770 CONCLUSION We demonstrate for the first time that extended alginate culture selectively enriches the committed NP cells and favors chondroitin-4-sulfate proteoglycan production. 25749011 9 27 theme markers 1365:1371 arg1 expression 1304:1313 increased NP marker expression 1284:1313 increased NP marker expression of KRT18, KRT19, and CDH2, as well as chondrocyte markers SOX9 and MIA in alginate culture 1284:1404 Compared with monolayer culture, ND-NPC showed increased NP marker expression of KRT18, KRT19, and CDH2, as well as chondrocyte markers SOX9 and MIA in alginate culture. 25749011 9 28 theme increased 1284:1292 arg1 expression 1304:1313 increased NP marker expression 1284:1313 increased NP marker expression of KRT18, KRT19, and CDH2, as well as chondrocyte markers SOX9 and MIA in alginate culture 1284:1404 Compared with monolayer culture, ND-NPC showed increased NP marker expression of KRT18, KRT19, and CDH2, as well as chondrocyte markers SOX9 and MIA in alginate culture. 25749011 11 29 theme KRT19+/CD24+ 1549:1560 arg1 population 1562:1571 KRT19+/CD24+ population 1549:1571 KRT19+/CD24+ population 1549:1571 Interestingly, ND-NPC showed a loss of Tie2+ but gain in KRT19+/CD24+ population during alginate culture. 25749011 0 30 theme alginate 104:111 arg1 encapsulation 113:125 alginate encapsulation 104:125 alginate encapsulation 104:125 Enrichment of committed human nucleus pulposus cells expressing chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans under alginate encapsulation. 25749011 11 31 from gain 1541:1544 arg1 population 1562:1571 KRT19+/CD24+ population 1549:1571 KRT19+/CD24+ population 1549:1571 Interestingly, ND-NPC showed a loss of Tie2+ but gain in KRT19+/CD24+ population during alginate culture. 25749011 7 32 theme phenotypic 1014:1023 arg1 changes 1025:1031 Cellular phenotypic changes 1005:1031 Cellular phenotypic changes 1005:1031 Cellular phenotypic changes were assessed by immunologic detection and gene expression analysis. 25749011 14 33 theme IVD 1936:1938 arg1 function 1945:1952 IVD cell function 1936:1952 IVD cell function 1936:1952 These findings suggest its validity as a model to investigate IVD cell function. 25749011 3 34 theme NP 367:368 arg1 cells 370:374 NP cells 367:374 NP cells 367:374 However, NP cells are recently evidenced to present heterogeneous populations, including progenitors, fibroblastic cells and primitive NP cells. 25749011 13 35 theme first 1730:1734 arg1 time 1736:1739 the first time 1726:1739 the first time 1726:1739 CONCLUSION We demonstrate for the first time that extended alginate culture selectively enriches the committed NP cells and favors chondroitin-4-sulfate proteoglycan production. 25749011 0 36 theme sulfate 76:82 arg1 proteoglycans 84:96 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans 64:96 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans 64:96 Enrichment of committed human nucleus pulposus cells expressing chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans under alginate encapsulation. 25749011 4 37 theme distinct 565:572 arg1 populations 589:599 distinct human NP cells populations 565:599 distinct human NP cells populations 565:599 The aim of this study is to profile the phenotypic changes of distinct human NP cells populations and describe the dynamic expression of chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans (CS-GAGs) in extended alginate encapsulation. 25749011 9 38 theme NP 1294:1295 arg1 expression 1304:1313 increased NP marker expression 1284:1313 increased NP marker expression of KRT18, KRT19, and CDH2, as well as chondrocyte markers SOX9 and MIA in alginate culture 1284:1404 Compared with monolayer culture, ND-NPC showed increased NP marker expression of KRT18, KRT19, and CDH2, as well as chondrocyte markers SOX9 and MIA in alginate culture. 25749011 0 39 theme committed 14:22 arg1 cells 47:51 committed human nucleus pulposus cells 14:51 committed human nucleus pulposus cells 14:51 Enrichment of committed human nucleus pulposus cells expressing chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans under alginate encapsulation. 25749011 8 40 theme higher 1157:1162 arg1 levels 1175:1180 remarkably higher expression levels 1146:1180 remarkably higher expression levels of chondroitin-4-sulfate GAGs 1146:1210 RESULTS Relative to D-NPC, ND-NPC displayed remarkably higher expression levels of chondroitin-4-sulfate GAGs over the 28-day culture. 25749011 6 41 theme compositional 892:904 arg1 expression 906:915 CS-GAG compositional expression 885:915 CS-GAG compositional expression in monolayer-/alginate-cultured NP cells 885:956 CS-GAG compositional expression in monolayer-/alginate-cultured NP cells was evaluated by carbohydrate electrophoresis. 25749011 1 42 theme OBJECTIVE 128:136 arg1 degeneration 164:175 OBJECTIVE Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration 128:175 OBJECTIVE Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration 128:175 OBJECTIVE Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is associated with a malfunction of the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25749011 4 43 theme NP 580:581 arg1 populations 589:599 distinct human NP cells populations 565:599 distinct human NP cells populations 565:599 The aim of this study is to profile the phenotypic changes of distinct human NP cells populations and describe the dynamic expression of chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans (CS-GAGs) in extended alginate encapsulation. 25749011 3 44 theme primitive 483:491 arg1 cells 496:500 primitive NP cells 483:500 primitive NP cells 483:500 However, NP cells are recently evidenced to present heterogeneous populations, including progenitors, fibroblastic cells and primitive NP cells. 25749011 0 45 theme nucleus 30:36 arg1 cells 47:51 committed human nucleus pulposus cells 14:51 committed human nucleus pulposus cells 14:51 Enrichment of committed human nucleus pulposus cells expressing chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans under alginate encapsulation. 25749011 0 46 theme cells 47:51 arg1 Enrichment 0:9 Enrichment 0:9 Enrichment of committed human nucleus pulposus cells 0:51 Enrichment of committed human nucleus pulposus cells expressing chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans under alginate encapsulation. 25749011 8 47 theme chondroitin-4-sulfate 1185:1205 arg1 GAGs 1207:1210 chondroitin-4-sulfate GAGs 1185:1210 chondroitin-4-sulfate GAGs 1185:1210 RESULTS Relative to D-NPC, ND-NPC displayed remarkably higher expression levels of chondroitin-4-sulfate GAGs over the 28-day culture. 25749011 4 48 theme dynamic 618:624 arg1 expression 626:635 the dynamic expression 614:635 the dynamic expression of chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans (CS-GAGs) in extended alginate encapsulation 614:722 The aim of this study is to profile the phenotypic changes of distinct human NP cells populations and describe the dynamic expression of chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans (CS-GAGs) in extended alginate encapsulation. 25749011 9 49 theme monolayer 1251:1259 arg1 culture 1261:1267 monolayer culture 1251:1267 monolayer culture 1251:1267 Compared with monolayer culture, ND-NPC showed increased NP marker expression of KRT18, KRT19, and CDH2, as well as chondrocyte markers SOX9 and MIA in alginate culture. 25749011 8 50 theme 28-day 1221:1226 arg1 culture 1228:1234 the 28-day culture 1217:1234 the 28-day culture 1217:1234 RESULTS Relative to D-NPC, ND-NPC displayed remarkably higher expression levels of chondroitin-4-sulfate GAGs over the 28-day culture. 25749011 4 51 theme populations 589:599 arg1 changes 554:560 the phenotypic changes 539:560 the phenotypic changes of distinct human NP cells populations 539:599 The aim of this study is to profile the phenotypic changes of distinct human NP cells populations and describe the dynamic expression of chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans (CS-GAGs) in extended alginate encapsulation. 25749011 2 52 theme phenotypic 305:314 arg1 maintenance 316:326 the phenotypic maintenance 301:326 the phenotypic maintenance of chondrocyte-like NP cells 301:355 Alginate culturing provides a favorable microenvironment for the phenotypic maintenance of chondrocyte-like NP cells. 25749011 13 53 dep CONCLUSION 1696:1705 arg1 demonstrate 1710:1720 demonstrate 1710:1720 demonstrate for the first time that extended alginate culture selectively enriches the committed NP cells and favors chondroitin-4-sulfate proteoglycan production 1710:1871 CONCLUSION We demonstrate for the first time that extended alginate culture selectively enriches the committed NP cells and favors chondroitin-4-sulfate proteoglycan production. 25749011 6 54 theme NP 949:950 arg1 cells 952:956 monolayer-/alginate-cultured NP cells 920:956 monolayer-/alginate-cultured NP cells 920:956 CS-GAG compositional expression in monolayer-/alginate-cultured NP cells was evaluated by carbohydrate electrophoresis. 25749011 10 55 theme marker 1447:1452 arg1 COL1A1 1454:1459 fibroblastic marker COL1A1 1434:1459 fibroblastic marker COL1A1 1434:1459 In contrast, expression of fibroblastic marker COL1A1, COL3A1, and FN1 were reduced. 25749011 9 56 from KRT19 1325:1329 arg1 culture 1398:1404 alginate culture 1389:1404 alginate culture 1389:1404 Compared with monolayer culture, ND-NPC showed increased NP marker expression of KRT18, KRT19, and CDH2, as well as chondrocyte markers SOX9 and MIA in alginate culture. 25749011 10 57 theme FN1 1474:1476 arg1 expression 1420:1429 expression 1420:1429 expression of fibroblastic marker COL1A1, COL3A1, and FN1 1420:1476 In contrast, expression of fibroblastic marker COL1A1, COL3A1, and FN1 were reduced. 25749011 2 58 theme NP 348:349 arg1 cells 351:355 chondrocyte-like NP cells 331:355 chondrocyte-like NP cells 331:355 Alginate culturing provides a favorable microenvironment for the phenotypic maintenance of chondrocyte-like NP cells. 25749011 12 59 theme NP 1661:1662 arg1 markers 1672:1678 NP surface markers 1661:1678 NP surface markers 1661:1678 In contrast, D-NPC showed more consistent expression levels of NP surface markers during culture. 25749011 4 60 theme extended 692:699 arg1 encapsulation 710:722 extended alginate encapsulation 692:722 extended alginate encapsulation 692:722 The aim of this study is to profile the phenotypic changes of distinct human NP cells populations and describe the dynamic expression of chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans (CS-GAGs) in extended alginate encapsulation. 25749011 13 61 theme chondroitin-4-sulfate 1827:1847 arg1 production 1862:1871 chondroitin-4-sulfate proteoglycan production 1827:1871 chondroitin-4-sulfate proteoglycan production 1827:1871 CONCLUSION We demonstrate for the first time that extended alginate culture selectively enriches the committed NP cells and favors chondroitin-4-sulfate proteoglycan production. 25749011 9 62 theme KRT18 1318:1322 arg1 expression 1304:1313 increased NP marker expression 1284:1313 increased NP marker expression of KRT18, KRT19, and CDH2, as well as chondrocyte markers SOX9 and MIA in alginate culture 1284:1404 Compared with monolayer culture, ND-NPC showed increased NP marker expression of KRT18, KRT19, and CDH2, as well as chondrocyte markers SOX9 and MIA in alginate culture. 25749011 12 63 theme markers 1672:1678 arg1 levels 1651:1656 more consistent expression levels 1624:1656 more consistent expression levels of NP surface markers 1624:1678 In contrast, D-NPC showed more consistent expression levels of NP surface markers during culture. 25749011 4 64 theme sulfate 652:658 arg1 CS-GAGs 680:686 CS-GAGs 680:686 CS-GAGs 680:686 The aim of this study is to profile the phenotypic changes of distinct human NP cells populations and describe the dynamic expression of chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans (CS-GAGs) in extended alginate encapsulation. 25749011 4 64 theme sulfate 652:658 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 660:677 chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans 640:677 chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans (CS-GAGs) 640:687 The aim of this study is to profile the phenotypic changes of distinct human NP cells populations and describe the dynamic expression of chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans (CS-GAGs) in extended alginate encapsulation. 25749011 9 65 theme KRT19 1325:1329 arg1 expression 1304:1313 increased NP marker expression 1284:1313 increased NP marker expression of KRT18, KRT19, and CDH2, as well as chondrocyte markers SOX9 and MIA in alginate culture 1284:1404 Compared with monolayer culture, ND-NPC showed increased NP marker expression of KRT18, KRT19, and CDH2, as well as chondrocyte markers SOX9 and MIA in alginate culture. 25749011 2 66 theme Alginate 240:247 arg1 culturing 249:257 Alginate culturing 240:257 Alginate culturing 240:257 Alginate culturing provides a favorable microenvironment for the phenotypic maintenance of chondrocyte-like NP cells. 25749011 1 67 theme pulposus 225:232 arg1 malfunction 198:208 a malfunction 196:208 a malfunction of the nucleus pulposus (NP) 196:237 OBJECTIVE Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is associated with a malfunction of the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25749011 12 68 theme consistent 1629:1638 arg1 levels 1651:1656 more consistent expression levels 1624:1656 more consistent expression levels of NP surface markers 1624:1678 In contrast, D-NPC showed more consistent expression levels of NP surface markers during culture. 25749011 13 69 theme NP 1807:1808 arg1 cells 1810:1814 the committed NP cells 1793:1814 the committed NP cells 1793:1814 CONCLUSION We demonstrate for the first time that extended alginate culture selectively enriches the committed NP cells and favors chondroitin-4-sulfate proteoglycan production. 25749011 1 70 theme Intervertebral 138:151 arg1 degeneration 164:175 OBJECTIVE Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration 128:175 OBJECTIVE Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration 128:175 OBJECTIVE Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is associated with a malfunction of the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25749011 9 71 from KRT18 1318:1322 arg1 culture 1398:1404 alginate culture 1389:1404 alginate culture 1389:1404 Compared with monolayer culture, ND-NPC showed increased NP marker expression of KRT18, KRT19, and CDH2, as well as chondrocyte markers SOX9 and MIA in alginate culture. 25749011 2 72 theme favorable 270:278 arg1 microenvironment 280:295 a favorable microenvironment 268:295 a favorable microenvironment for the phenotypic maintenance of chondrocyte-like NP cells 268:355 Alginate culturing provides a favorable microenvironment for the phenotypic maintenance of chondrocyte-like NP cells. 25749011 7 73 theme expression 1081:1090 arg1 analysis 1092:1099 gene expression analysis 1076:1099 gene expression analysis 1076:1099 Cellular phenotypic changes were assessed by immunologic detection and gene expression analysis. 25749011 14 74 theme cell 1940:1943 arg1 function 1945:1952 IVD cell function 1936:1952 IVD cell function 1936:1952 These findings suggest its validity as a model to investigate IVD cell function. 25749011 9 75 from expression 1304:1313 arg1 culture 1398:1404 alginate culture 1389:1404 alginate culture 1389:1404 Compared with monolayer culture, ND-NPC showed increased NP marker expression of KRT18, KRT19, and CDH2, as well as chondrocyte markers SOX9 and MIA in alginate culture. 25749011 5 76 theme NP 781:782 arg1 cells 784:788 METHOD Non-degenerated (ND-NPC) and degenerated (D-NPC) NP cells 725:788 METHOD Non-degenerated (ND-NPC) and degenerated (D-NPC) NP cells 725:788 METHOD Non-degenerated (ND-NPC) and degenerated (D-NPC) NP cells were expanded in monolayers, and subject to 28-day culture in alginate after serial passaging. 25749011 4 77 from expression 626:635 arg1 encapsulation 710:722 extended alginate encapsulation 692:722 extended alginate encapsulation 692:722 The aim of this study is to profile the phenotypic changes of distinct human NP cells populations and describe the dynamic expression of chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans (CS-GAGs) in extended alginate encapsulation. 25749011 9 78 theme chondrocyte 1353:1363 arg1 markers 1365:1371 chondrocyte markers SOX9 and MIA 1353:1384 chondrocyte markers SOX9 and MIA in alginate culture 1353:1404 Compared with monolayer culture, ND-NPC showed increased NP marker expression of KRT18, KRT19, and CDH2, as well as chondrocyte markers SOX9 and MIA in alginate culture. 25749011 9 78 theme chondrocyte 1353:1363 arg1 MIA 1382:1384 MIA 1382:1384 MIA 1382:1384 Compared with monolayer culture, ND-NPC showed increased NP marker expression of KRT18, KRT19, and CDH2, as well as chondrocyte markers SOX9 and MIA in alginate culture. 25749011 9 78 theme chondrocyte 1353:1363 arg1 SOX9 1373:1376 SOX9 1373:1376 SOX9 1373:1376 Compared with monolayer culture, ND-NPC showed increased NP marker expression of KRT18, KRT19, and CDH2, as well as chondrocyte markers SOX9 and MIA in alginate culture. 25749011 8 79 theme Relative 1110:1117 arg1 RESULTS 1102:1108 RESULTS 1102:1108 RESULTS Relative to D-NPC, ND-NPC 1102:1134 RESULTS Relative to D-NPC, ND-NPC displayed remarkably higher expression levels of chondroitin-4-sulfate GAGs over the 28-day culture. 25749011 7 80 theme immunologic 1050:1060 arg1 detection 1062:1070 immunologic detection 1050:1070 immunologic detection 1050:1070 Cellular phenotypic changes were assessed by immunologic detection and gene expression analysis. 25749011 5 81 theme degenerated 761:771 arg1 cells 784:788 METHOD Non-degenerated (ND-NPC) and degenerated (D-NPC) NP cells 725:788 METHOD Non-degenerated (ND-NPC) and degenerated (D-NPC) NP cells 725:788 METHOD Non-degenerated (ND-NPC) and degenerated (D-NPC) NP cells were expanded in monolayers, and subject to 28-day culture in alginate after serial passaging. 25749011 5 82 dep Non-degenerated 732:746 arg1 D-NPC 774:778 D-NPC 774:778 D-NPC 774:778 METHOD Non-degenerated (ND-NPC) and degenerated (D-NPC) NP cells were expanded in monolayers, and subject to 28-day culture in alginate after serial passaging. 25749011 5 82 dep Non-degenerated 732:746 arg1 ND-NPC 749:754 ND-NPC 749:754 ND-NPC 749:754 METHOD Non-degenerated (ND-NPC) and degenerated (D-NPC) NP cells were expanded in monolayers, and subject to 28-day culture in alginate after serial passaging. 25749011 5 83 from culture 841:847 arg1 alginate 852:859 alginate 852:859 alginate 852:859 METHOD Non-degenerated (ND-NPC) and degenerated (D-NPC) NP cells were expanded in monolayers, and subject to 28-day culture in alginate after serial passaging. 25749011 12 84 theme expression 1640:1649 arg1 levels 1651:1656 more consistent expression levels 1624:1656 more consistent expression levels of NP surface markers 1624:1678 In contrast, D-NPC showed more consistent expression levels of NP surface markers during culture. 25749011 9 85 theme alginate 1389:1396 arg1 culture 1398:1404 alginate culture 1389:1404 alginate culture 1389:1404 Compared with monolayer culture, ND-NPC showed increased NP marker expression of KRT18, KRT19, and CDH2, as well as chondrocyte markers SOX9 and MIA in alginate culture. 25749011 9 86 from culture 1398:1404 arg1 expression 1304:1313 increased NP marker expression 1284:1313 increased NP marker expression of KRT18, KRT19, and CDH2, as well as chondrocyte markers SOX9 and MIA in alginate culture 1284:1404 Compared with monolayer culture, ND-NPC showed increased NP marker expression of KRT18, KRT19, and CDH2, as well as chondrocyte markers SOX9 and MIA in alginate culture. 25749011 7 87 theme Cellular 1005:1012 arg1 changes 1025:1031 Cellular phenotypic changes 1005:1031 Cellular phenotypic changes 1005:1031 Cellular phenotypic changes were assessed by immunologic detection and gene expression analysis. 25749011 3 88 theme heterogeneous 410:422 arg1 cells 473:477 fibroblastic cells 460:477 fibroblastic cells 460:477 However, NP cells are recently evidenced to present heterogeneous populations, including progenitors, fibroblastic cells and primitive NP cells. 25749011 3 88 theme heterogeneous 410:422 arg1 cells 496:500 primitive NP cells 483:500 primitive NP cells 483:500 However, NP cells are recently evidenced to present heterogeneous populations, including progenitors, fibroblastic cells and primitive NP cells. 25749011 3 88 theme heterogeneous 410:422 arg1 populations 424:434 heterogeneous populations 410:434 heterogeneous populations 410:434 However, NP cells are recently evidenced to present heterogeneous populations, including progenitors, fibroblastic cells and primitive NP cells. 25749011 3 88 theme heterogeneous 410:422 arg1 progenitors 447:457 progenitors 447:457 progenitors 447:457 However, NP cells are recently evidenced to present heterogeneous populations, including progenitors, fibroblastic cells and primitive NP cells. 25749011 9 89 dep markers 1365:1371 arg1 markers 1365:1371 chondrocyte markers SOX9 and MIA 1353:1384 chondrocyte markers SOX9 and MIA in alginate culture 1353:1404 Compared with monolayer culture, ND-NPC showed increased NP marker expression of KRT18, KRT19, and CDH2, as well as chondrocyte markers SOX9 and MIA in alginate culture. 25749011 9 89 dep markers 1365:1371 arg1 MIA 1382:1384 MIA 1382:1384 MIA 1382:1384 Compared with monolayer culture, ND-NPC showed increased NP marker expression of KRT18, KRT19, and CDH2, as well as chondrocyte markers SOX9 and MIA in alginate culture. 25749011 9 89 dep markers 1365:1371 arg1 SOX9 1373:1376 SOX9 1373:1376 SOX9 1373:1376 Compared with monolayer culture, ND-NPC showed increased NP marker expression of KRT18, KRT19, and CDH2, as well as chondrocyte markers SOX9 and MIA in alginate culture. 25749011 13 90 theme extended 1746:1753 arg1 culture 1764:1770 extended alginate culture 1746:1770 extended alginate culture 1746:1770 CONCLUSION We demonstrate for the first time that extended alginate culture selectively enriches the committed NP cells and favors chondroitin-4-sulfate proteoglycan production. 25749011 3 91 theme fibroblastic 460:471 arg1 cells 473:477 fibroblastic cells 460:477 fibroblastic cells 460:477 However, NP cells are recently evidenced to present heterogeneous populations, including progenitors, fibroblastic cells and primitive NP cells. 25749011 0 92 theme human 24:28 arg1 cells 47:51 committed human nucleus pulposus cells 14:51 committed human nucleus pulposus cells 14:51 Enrichment of committed human nucleus pulposus cells expressing chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans under alginate encapsulation. 25749011 8 93 theme expression 1164:1173 arg1 levels 1175:1180 remarkably higher expression levels 1146:1180 remarkably higher expression levels of chondroitin-4-sulfate GAGs 1146:1210 RESULTS Relative to D-NPC, ND-NPC displayed remarkably higher expression levels of chondroitin-4-sulfate GAGs over the 28-day culture. 25749011 4 94 theme cells 583:587 arg1 populations 589:599 distinct human NP cells populations 565:599 distinct human NP cells populations 565:599 The aim of this study is to profile the phenotypic changes of distinct human NP cells populations and describe the dynamic expression of chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans (CS-GAGs) in extended alginate encapsulation. 25749011 0 95 theme pulposus 38:45 arg1 cells 47:51 committed human nucleus pulposus cells 14:51 committed human nucleus pulposus cells 14:51 Enrichment of committed human nucleus pulposus cells expressing chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans under alginate encapsulation. 25749011 6 96 theme CS-GAG 885:890 arg1 expression 906:915 CS-GAG compositional expression 885:915 CS-GAG compositional expression in monolayer-/alginate-cultured NP cells 885:956 CS-GAG compositional expression in monolayer-/alginate-cultured NP cells was evaluated by carbohydrate electrophoresis. 25749011 4 97 theme phenotypic 543:552 arg1 changes 554:560 the phenotypic changes 539:560 the phenotypic changes of distinct human NP cells populations 539:599 The aim of this study is to profile the phenotypic changes of distinct human NP cells populations and describe the dynamic expression of chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans (CS-GAGs) in extended alginate encapsulation. 25749011 3 98 theme NP 493:494 arg1 cells 496:500 primitive NP cells 483:500 primitive NP cells 483:500 However, NP cells are recently evidenced to present heterogeneous populations, including progenitors, fibroblastic cells and primitive NP cells. 25749011 8 99 theme GAGs 1207:1210 arg1 levels 1175:1180 remarkably higher expression levels 1146:1180 remarkably higher expression levels of chondroitin-4-sulfate GAGs 1146:1210 RESULTS Relative to D-NPC, ND-NPC displayed remarkably higher expression levels of chondroitin-4-sulfate GAGs over the 28-day culture. 25749011 10 100 theme fibroblastic 1434:1445 arg1 COL1A1 1454:1459 fibroblastic marker COL1A1 1434:1459 fibroblastic marker COL1A1 1434:1459 In contrast, expression of fibroblastic marker COL1A1, COL3A1, and FN1 were reduced. 25749011 2 101 theme cells 351:355 arg1 maintenance 316:326 the phenotypic maintenance 301:326 the phenotypic maintenance of chondrocyte-like NP cells 301:355 Alginate culturing provides a favorable microenvironment for the phenotypic maintenance of chondrocyte-like NP cells. 25749011 10 102 theme COL1A1 1454:1459 arg1 expression 1420:1429 expression 1420:1429 expression of fibroblastic marker COL1A1, COL3A1, and FN1 1420:1476 In contrast, expression of fibroblastic marker COL1A1, COL3A1, and FN1 were reduced. 25749011 4 103 theme chondroitin 640:650 arg1 CS-GAGs 680:686 CS-GAGs 680:686 CS-GAGs 680:686 The aim of this study is to profile the phenotypic changes of distinct human NP cells populations and describe the dynamic expression of chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans (CS-GAGs) in extended alginate encapsulation. 25749011 4 103 theme chondroitin 640:650 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 660:677 chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans 640:677 chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans (CS-GAGs) 640:687 The aim of this study is to profile the phenotypic changes of distinct human NP cells populations and describe the dynamic expression of chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans (CS-GAGs) in extended alginate encapsulation. 26757898 2 0 theme 1:2 559:561 arg1 ratio 563:567 1:2 ratio 559:567 1:2 ratio by HME through 18 mm extruder 559:597 Solid dispersions of compound X were prepared using polyvinyl pyrrolidone co-vinyl acetate 64 (PVP VA64), Soluplus, and hypromellose acetate succinate (HPMCAS-LF) polymers in 1:2 ratio by HME through 18 mm extruder. 26757898 3 1 theme polymer 657:663 arg1 filler 882:887 filler 882:887 filler 882:887 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 3 1 theme polymer 657:663 arg1 disintegrant 894:905 disintegrant 894:905 disintegrant 894:905 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 3 1 theme polymer 657:663 arg1 level 861:865 level 861:865 level of extrudates 861:879 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 3 1 theme polymer 657:663 arg1 type 649:652 type 649:652 type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant 649:905 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 3 2 theme sodium 807:812 arg1 filler 882:887 filler 882:887 filler 882:887 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 3 2 theme sodium 807:812 arg1 disintegrant 894:905 disintegrant 894:905 disintegrant 894:905 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 3 2 theme sodium 807:812 arg1 level 861:865 level 861:865 level of extrudates 861:879 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 3 2 theme sodium 807:812 arg1 type 649:652 type 649:652 type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant 649:905 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 3 3 theme type 649:652 arg1 effect 639:644 effect 639:644 effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution 639:1015 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 5 4 theme VA64-containing 1242:1256 arg1 tablets 1258:1264 VA64-containing tablets 1242:1264 VA64-containing tablets 1242:1264 Fast disintegration was achieved with HPMCAS-containing tablets, whereas Soluplus- and PVP VA64-containing tablets had higher TS. 26757898 3 5 theme tablet 910:915 arg1 dissolution 1005:1015 dissolution 1005:1015 dissolution 1005:1015 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 3 5 theme tablet 910:915 arg1 strength 970:977 tensile strength 962:977 tensile strength (TS) 962:982 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 3 5 theme tablet 910:915 arg1 properties 917:926 tablet properties 910:926 tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution 910:1015 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 3 5 theme tablet 910:915 arg1 time 951:954 disintegration time 936:954 disintegration time (DT) 936:959 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 3 5 theme tablet 910:915 arg1 compactibility 985:998 compactibility 985:998 compactibility 985:998 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 3 6 theme microcrystalline 674:689 arg1 MCC 702:704 MCC 702:704 MCC 702:704 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 3 6 theme microcrystalline 674:689 arg1 cellulose 691:699 microcrystalline cellulose 674:699 microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) 674:705 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 3 6 theme microcrystalline 674:689 arg1 DCPA 752:755 DCPA 752:755 DCPA 752:755 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 8 7 theme studied 1749:1755 arg1 polymer 1761:1767 each studied HME polymer 1744:1767 each studied HME polymer 1744:1767 The developed statistical models identified suitable level of fillers and disintegrants for each studied HME polymer to achieve tablets with rapid DT (<15 min) and acceptable TS (≥1 MPa at 10-15% tablet porosity), and their predictivity was confirmed by conducting internal and external validation studies. 26757898 2 8 theme hypromellose 504:515 arg1 succinate 525:533 hypromellose acetate succinate 504:533 hypromellose acetate succinate (HPMCAS-LF) 504:545 Solid dispersions of compound X were prepared using polyvinyl pyrrolidone co-vinyl acetate 64 (PVP VA64), Soluplus, and hypromellose acetate succinate (HPMCAS-LF) polymers in 1:2 ratio by HME through 18 mm extruder. 26757898 2 8 theme hypromellose 504:515 arg1 HPMCAS-LF 536:544 HPMCAS-LF 536:544 HPMCAS-LF 536:544 Solid dispersions of compound X were prepared using polyvinyl pyrrolidone co-vinyl acetate 64 (PVP VA64), Soluplus, and hypromellose acetate succinate (HPMCAS-LF) polymers in 1:2 ratio by HME through 18 mm extruder. 26757898 3 9 theme filler 666:671 arg1 filler 882:887 filler 882:887 filler 882:887 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 3 9 theme filler 666:671 arg1 disintegrant 894:905 disintegrant 894:905 disintegrant 894:905 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 3 9 theme filler 666:671 arg1 level 861:865 level 861:865 level of extrudates 861:879 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 3 9 theme filler 666:671 arg1 type 649:652 type 649:652 type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant 649:905 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 0 10 theme Design 113:118 arg1 Approach 120:127 Design Approach 113:127 Design Approach 113:127 Development of Tablet Formulation of Amorphous Solid Dispersions Prepared by Hot Melt Extrusion Using Quality by Design Approach. 26757898 3 11 theme glycolate 833:841 arg1 filler 882:887 filler 882:887 filler 882:887 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 3 11 theme glycolate 833:841 arg1 disintegrant 894:905 disintegrant 894:905 disintegrant 894:905 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 3 11 theme glycolate 833:841 arg1 level 861:865 level 861:865 level of extrudates 861:879 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 3 11 theme glycolate 833:841 arg1 type 649:652 type 649:652 type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant 649:905 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 7 12 from influence 1484:1492 arg1 dissolution 1525:1535 dissolution 1525:1535 dissolution from tablets 1525:1548 The influence of extragranular components on dissolution from tablets should be carefully evaluated while finalizing tablet composition, as it varies for each HME polymer. 26757898 1 13 theme used 365:368 arg1 polymers 374:381 commonly used HME polymers 356:381 commonly used HME polymers 356:381 The objective of the study was to identify the extragranular component requirements (level and type of excipients) to develop an immediate release tablet of solid dispersions prepared by hot melt extrusion (HME) process using commonly used HME polymers. 26757898 6 14 theme acceptable 1436:1445 arg1 TS 1447:1448 acceptable TS 1436:1448 acceptable TS 1436:1448 Crospovidone and croscarmellose sodium were more suitable disintegrant than SSG to achieve short DT, and MCC was a suitable filler to prepare tablets with acceptable TS for each studied HME polymer. 26757898 4 15 theme Higher 1018:1023 arg1 level 1035:1039 Higher extrudate level 1018:1039 Higher extrudate level 1018:1039 Higher extrudate level resulted in longer DT and lower TS so 60-70% was the maximum amount of acceptable extrudate level in tablets. 26757898 7 16 theme tablet 1597:1602 arg1 composition 1604:1614 tablet composition 1597:1614 tablet composition 1597:1614 The influence of extragranular components on dissolution from tablets should be carefully evaluated while finalizing tablet composition, as it varies for each HME polymer. 26757898 3 17 dep filler 666:671 arg1 anhydrous 741:749 dicalcium phosphate anhydrous 721:749 dicalcium phosphate anhydrous 721:749 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 3 17 dep filler 666:671 arg1 lactose 708:714 lactose 708:714 lactose 708:714 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 3 17 dep filler 666:671 arg1 cellulose 691:699 microcrystalline cellulose 674:699 microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) 674:705 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 3 17 dep filler 666:671 arg1 DCPA 752:755 DCPA 752:755 DCPA 752:755 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 3 17 dep filler 666:671 arg1 MCC 702:704 MCC 702:704 MCC 702:704 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 8 18 theme tablet 1848:1853 arg1 porosity 1855:1862 10-15% tablet porosity 1841:1862 10-15% tablet porosity 1841:1862 The developed statistical models identified suitable level of fillers and disintegrants for each studied HME polymer to achieve tablets with rapid DT (<15 min) and acceptable TS (≥1 MPa at 10-15% tablet porosity), and their predictivity was confirmed by conducting internal and external validation studies. 26757898 6 19 theme suitable 1396:1403 arg1 filler 1405:1410 a suitable filler 1394:1410 a suitable filler to prepare tablets with acceptable TS for each studied HME polymer 1394:1477 Crospovidone and croscarmellose sodium were more suitable disintegrant than SSG to achieve short DT, and MCC was a suitable filler to prepare tablets with acceptable TS for each studied HME polymer. 26757898 6 19 theme suitable 1396:1403 arg1 MCC 1386:1388 MCC 1386:1388 MCC 1386:1388 Crospovidone and croscarmellose sodium were more suitable disintegrant than SSG to achieve short DT, and MCC was a suitable filler to prepare tablets with acceptable TS for each studied HME polymer. 26757898 3 20 theme Crospovidone 778:789 arg1 filler 882:887 filler 882:887 filler 882:887 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 3 20 theme Crospovidone 778:789 arg1 disintegrant 894:905 disintegrant 894:905 disintegrant 894:905 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 3 20 theme Crospovidone 778:789 arg1 level 861:865 level 861:865 level of extrudates 861:879 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 3 20 theme Crospovidone 778:789 arg1 type 649:652 type 649:652 type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant 649:905 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 8 21 theme developed 1656:1664 arg1 models 1678:1683 The developed statistical models 1652:1683 The developed statistical models 1652:1683 The developed statistical models identified suitable level of fillers and disintegrants for each studied HME polymer to achieve tablets with rapid DT (<15 min) and acceptable TS (≥1 MPa at 10-15% tablet porosity), and their predictivity was confirmed by conducting internal and external validation studies. 26757898 0 22 theme Hot 77:79 arg1 Extrusion 86:94 Hot Melt Extrusion 77:94 Hot Melt Extrusion Using Quality by Design Approach 77:127 Development of Tablet Formulation of Amorphous Solid Dispersions Prepared by Hot Melt Extrusion Using Quality by Design Approach. 26757898 1 23 theme melt 321:324 arg1 process 342:348 hot melt extrusion (HME) process 317:348 hot melt extrusion (HME) process using commonly used HME polymers 317:381 The objective of the study was to identify the extragranular component requirements (level and type of excipients) to develop an immediate release tablet of solid dispersions prepared by hot melt extrusion (HME) process using commonly used HME polymers. 26757898 3 24 theme disintegration 936:949 arg1 DT 957:958 DT 957:958 DT 957:958 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 3 24 theme disintegration 936:949 arg1 time 951:954 disintegration time 936:954 disintegration time (DT) 936:959 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 1 25 theme study 151:155 arg1 objective 134:142 The objective 130:142 The objective of the study 130:155 The objective of the study was to identify the extragranular component requirements (level and type of excipients) to develop an immediate release tablet of solid dispersions prepared by hot melt extrusion (HME) process using commonly used HME polymers. 26757898 3 26 theme disintegrant 764:775 arg1 filler 882:887 filler 882:887 filler 882:887 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 3 26 theme disintegrant 764:775 arg1 disintegrant 894:905 disintegrant 894:905 disintegrant 894:905 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 3 26 theme disintegrant 764:775 arg1 level 861:865 level 861:865 level of extrudates 861:879 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 3 26 theme disintegrant 764:775 arg1 type 649:652 type 649:652 type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant 649:905 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 4 27 theme lower 1067:1071 arg1 TS 1073:1074 lower TS 1067:1074 lower TS 1067:1074 Higher extrudate level resulted in longer DT and lower TS so 60-70% was the maximum amount of acceptable extrudate level in tablets. 26757898 3 28 theme phosphate 731:739 arg1 anhydrous 741:749 dicalcium phosphate anhydrous 721:749 dicalcium phosphate anhydrous 721:749 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 8 29 theme statistical 1666:1676 arg1 models 1678:1683 The developed statistical models 1652:1683 The developed statistical models 1652:1683 The developed statistical models identified suitable level of fillers and disintegrants for each studied HME polymer to achieve tablets with rapid DT (<15 min) and acceptable TS (≥1 MPa at 10-15% tablet porosity), and their predictivity was confirmed by conducting internal and external validation studies. 26757898 2 30 theme 18 mm 584:588 arg1 extruder 590:597 18 mm extruder 584:597 18 mm extruder 584:597 Solid dispersions of compound X were prepared using polyvinyl pyrrolidone co-vinyl acetate 64 (PVP VA64), Soluplus, and hypromellose acetate succinate (HPMCAS-LF) polymers in 1:2 ratio by HME through 18 mm extruder. 26757898 6 31 theme studied 1459:1465 arg1 polymer 1471:1477 each studied HME polymer 1454:1477 each studied HME polymer 1454:1477 Crospovidone and croscarmellose sodium were more suitable disintegrant than SSG to achieve short DT, and MCC was a suitable filler to prepare tablets with acceptable TS for each studied HME polymer. 26757898 3 32 theme croscarmellose 792:805 arg1 sodium 807:812 croscarmellose sodium 792:812 croscarmellose sodium 792:812 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 8 33 theme 10-15 1841:1845 arg1 % 1846:1846 % 1846:1846 % 1846:1846 The developed statistical models identified suitable level of fillers and disintegrants for each studied HME polymer to achieve tablets with rapid DT (<15 min) and acceptable TS (≥1 MPa at 10-15% tablet porosity), and their predictivity was confirmed by conducting internal and external validation studies. 26757898 7 34 theme extragranular 1497:1509 arg1 components 1511:1520 extragranular components 1497:1520 extragranular components 1497:1520 The influence of extragranular components on dissolution from tablets should be carefully evaluated while finalizing tablet composition, as it varies for each HME polymer. 26757898 2 35 theme compound 405:412 arg1 X 414:414 compound X 405:414 compound X 405:414 Solid dispersions of compound X were prepared using polyvinyl pyrrolidone co-vinyl acetate 64 (PVP VA64), Soluplus, and hypromellose acetate succinate (HPMCAS-LF) polymers in 1:2 ratio by HME through 18 mm extruder. 26757898 0 36 theme Tablet 15:20 arg1 Formulation 22:32 Tablet Formulation 15:32 Tablet Formulation of Amorphous Solid Dispersions 15:63 Development of Tablet Formulation of Amorphous Solid Dispersions Prepared by Hot Melt Extrusion Using Quality by Design Approach. 26757898 1 37 theme release 269:275 arg1 tablet 277:282 an immediate release tablet 256:282 an immediate release tablet of solid dispersions prepared by hot melt extrusion (HME) process using commonly used HME polymers 256:381 The objective of the study was to identify the extragranular component requirements (level and type of excipients) to develop an immediate release tablet of solid dispersions prepared by hot melt extrusion (HME) process using commonly used HME polymers. 26757898 3 38 theme sodium 819:824 arg1 SSG 844:846 SSG 844:846 SSG 844:846 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 3 38 theme sodium 819:824 arg1 glycolate 833:841 sodium starch glycolate 819:841 sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) 819:848 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 2 39 theme pyrrolidone 446:456 arg1 acetate 467:473 polyvinyl pyrrolidone co-vinyl acetate 64 436:476 polyvinyl pyrrolidone co-vinyl acetate 64 (PVP VA64) 436:487 Solid dispersions of compound X were prepared using polyvinyl pyrrolidone co-vinyl acetate 64 (PVP VA64), Soluplus, and hypromellose acetate succinate (HPMCAS-LF) polymers in 1:2 ratio by HME through 18 mm extruder. 26757898 2 39 theme pyrrolidone 446:456 arg1 PVP 479:481 PVP VA64 479:486 PVP VA64 479:486 Solid dispersions of compound X were prepared using polyvinyl pyrrolidone co-vinyl acetate 64 (PVP VA64), Soluplus, and hypromellose acetate succinate (HPMCAS-LF) polymers in 1:2 ratio by HME through 18 mm extruder. 26757898 3 40 theme tensile 962:968 arg1 strength 970:977 tensile strength 962:977 tensile strength (TS) 962:982 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 3 40 theme tensile 962:968 arg1 TS 980:981 TS 980:981 TS 980:981 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 4 41 theme acceptable 1112:1121 arg1 level 1133:1137 acceptable extrudate level 1112:1137 acceptable extrudate level in tablets 1112:1148 Higher extrudate level resulted in longer DT and lower TS so 60-70% was the maximum amount of acceptable extrudate level in tablets. 26757898 0 42 theme Solid 47:51 arg1 Dispersions 53:63 Amorphous Solid Dispersions 37:63 Amorphous Solid Dispersions 37:63 Development of Tablet Formulation of Amorphous Solid Dispersions Prepared by Hot Melt Extrusion Using Quality by Design Approach. 26757898 1 43 theme dispersions 293:303 arg1 tablet 277:282 an immediate release tablet 256:282 an immediate release tablet of solid dispersions prepared by hot melt extrusion (HME) process using commonly used HME polymers 256:381 The objective of the study was to identify the extragranular component requirements (level and type of excipients) to develop an immediate release tablet of solid dispersions prepared by hot melt extrusion (HME) process using commonly used HME polymers. 26757898 8 44 theme validation 1939:1948 arg1 studies 1950:1956 internal and external validation studies 1917:1956 internal and external validation studies 1917:1956 The developed statistical models identified suitable level of fillers and disintegrants for each studied HME polymer to achieve tablets with rapid DT (<15 min) and acceptable TS (≥1 MPa at 10-15% tablet porosity), and their predictivity was confirmed by conducting internal and external validation studies. 26757898 1 45 dep requirements 201:212 arg1 type 225:228 type 225:228 type 225:228 The objective of the study was to identify the extragranular component requirements (level and type of excipients) to develop an immediate release tablet of solid dispersions prepared by hot melt extrusion (HME) process using commonly used HME polymers. 26757898 1 45 dep requirements 201:212 arg1 level 215:219 level 215:219 level 215:219 The objective of the study was to identify the extragranular component requirements (level and type of excipients) to develop an immediate release tablet of solid dispersions prepared by hot melt extrusion (HME) process using commonly used HME polymers. 26757898 1 45 dep requirements 201:212 arg1 requirements 201:212 the extragranular component requirements 173:212 the extragranular component requirements (level and type of excipients) 173:243 The objective of the study was to identify the extragranular component requirements (level and type of excipients) to develop an immediate release tablet of solid dispersions prepared by hot melt extrusion (HME) process using commonly used HME polymers. 26757898 3 46 theme level 861:865 arg1 effect 639:644 effect 639:644 effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution 639:1015 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 5 47 theme HPMCAS-containing 1189:1205 arg1 tablets 1207:1213 HPMCAS-containing tablets 1189:1213 HPMCAS-containing tablets 1189:1213 Fast disintegration was achieved with HPMCAS-containing tablets, whereas Soluplus- and PVP VA64-containing tablets had higher TS. 26757898 6 48 theme suitable 1330:1337 arg1 disintegrant 1339:1350 more suitable disintegrant 1325:1350 more suitable disintegrant 1325:1350 Crospovidone and croscarmellose sodium were more suitable disintegrant than SSG to achieve short DT, and MCC was a suitable filler to prepare tablets with acceptable TS for each studied HME polymer. 26757898 8 49 theme acceptable 1816:1825 arg1 TS 1827:1828 acceptable TS 1816:1828 acceptable TS (≥1 MPa at 10-15% tablet porosity) 1816:1863 The developed statistical models identified suitable level of fillers and disintegrants for each studied HME polymer to achieve tablets with rapid DT (<15 min) and acceptable TS (≥1 MPa at 10-15% tablet porosity), and their predictivity was confirmed by conducting internal and external validation studies. 26757898 8 50 theme fillers 1714:1720 arg1 level 1705:1709 suitable level 1696:1709 suitable level of fillers and disintegrants for each studied HME polymer 1696:1767 The developed statistical models identified suitable level of fillers and disintegrants for each studied HME polymer to achieve tablets with rapid DT (<15 min) and acceptable TS (≥1 MPa at 10-15% tablet porosity), and their predictivity was confirmed by conducting internal and external validation studies. 26757898 1 51 theme excipients 233:242 arg1 type 225:228 type 225:228 type 225:228 The objective of the study was to identify the extragranular component requirements (level and type of excipients) to develop an immediate release tablet of solid dispersions prepared by hot melt extrusion (HME) process using commonly used HME polymers. 26757898 1 51 theme excipients 233:242 arg1 level 215:219 level 215:219 level 215:219 The objective of the study was to identify the extragranular component requirements (level and type of excipients) to develop an immediate release tablet of solid dispersions prepared by hot melt extrusion (HME) process using commonly used HME polymers. 26757898 1 51 theme excipients 233:242 arg1 requirements 201:212 the extragranular component requirements 173:212 the extragranular component requirements (level and type of excipients) 173:243 The objective of the study was to identify the extragranular component requirements (level and type of excipients) to develop an immediate release tablet of solid dispersions prepared by hot melt extrusion (HME) process using commonly used HME polymers. 26757898 7 52 theme HME 1639:1641 arg1 polymer 1643:1649 each HME polymer 1634:1649 each HME polymer 1634:1649 The influence of extragranular components on dissolution from tablets should be carefully evaluated while finalizing tablet composition, as it varies for each HME polymer. 26757898 1 53 theme component 191:199 arg1 type 225:228 type 225:228 type 225:228 The objective of the study was to identify the extragranular component requirements (level and type of excipients) to develop an immediate release tablet of solid dispersions prepared by hot melt extrusion (HME) process using commonly used HME polymers. 26757898 1 53 theme component 191:199 arg1 level 215:219 level 215:219 level 215:219 The objective of the study was to identify the extragranular component requirements (level and type of excipients) to develop an immediate release tablet of solid dispersions prepared by hot melt extrusion (HME) process using commonly used HME polymers. 26757898 1 53 theme component 191:199 arg1 requirements 201:212 the extragranular component requirements 173:212 the extragranular component requirements (level and type of excipients) 173:243 The objective of the study was to identify the extragranular component requirements (level and type of excipients) to develop an immediate release tablet of solid dispersions prepared by hot melt extrusion (HME) process using commonly used HME polymers. 26757898 8 54 theme disintegrants 1726:1738 arg1 level 1705:1709 suitable level 1696:1709 suitable level of fillers and disintegrants for each studied HME polymer 1696:1767 The developed statistical models identified suitable level of fillers and disintegrants for each studied HME polymer to achieve tablets with rapid DT (<15 min) and acceptable TS (≥1 MPa at 10-15% tablet porosity), and their predictivity was confirmed by conducting internal and external validation studies. 26757898 6 55 theme croscarmellose 1298:1311 arg1 sodium 1313:1318 croscarmellose sodium 1298:1318 croscarmellose sodium 1298:1318 Crospovidone and croscarmellose sodium were more suitable disintegrant than SSG to achieve short DT, and MCC was a suitable filler to prepare tablets with acceptable TS for each studied HME polymer. 26757898 8 56 dep TS 1827:1828 arg1 ≥1 MPa 1831:1836 ≥1 MPa 1831:1836 ≥1 MPa 1831:1836 The developed statistical models identified suitable level of fillers and disintegrants for each studied HME polymer to achieve tablets with rapid DT (<15 min) and acceptable TS (≥1 MPa at 10-15% tablet porosity), and their predictivity was confirmed by conducting internal and external validation studies. 26757898 3 57 theme extrudates 870:879 arg1 filler 882:887 filler 882:887 filler 882:887 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 3 57 theme extrudates 870:879 arg1 disintegrant 894:905 disintegrant 894:905 disintegrant 894:905 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 3 57 theme extrudates 870:879 arg1 level 861:865 level 861:865 level of extrudates 861:879 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 3 57 theme extrudates 870:879 arg1 type 649:652 type 649:652 type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant 649:905 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 4 58 theme level 1133:1137 arg1 level 1133:1137 acceptable extrudate level 1112:1137 acceptable extrudate level in tablets 1112:1148 Higher extrudate level resulted in longer DT and lower TS so 60-70% was the maximum amount of acceptable extrudate level in tablets. 26757898 4 58 theme level 1133:1137 arg1 % 1084:1084 60-70% 1079:1084 60-70% 1079:1084 Higher extrudate level resulted in longer DT and lower TS so 60-70% was the maximum amount of acceptable extrudate level in tablets. 26757898 4 58 theme level 1133:1137 arg1 amount 1102:1107 the maximum amount 1090:1107 the maximum amount of acceptable extrudate level in tablets 1090:1148 Higher extrudate level resulted in longer DT and lower TS so 60-70% was the maximum amount of acceptable extrudate level in tablets. 26757898 8 59 theme HME 1757:1759 arg1 polymer 1761:1767 each studied HME polymer 1744:1767 each studied HME polymer 1744:1767 The developed statistical models identified suitable level of fillers and disintegrants for each studied HME polymer to achieve tablets with rapid DT (<15 min) and acceptable TS (≥1 MPa at 10-15% tablet porosity), and their predictivity was confirmed by conducting internal and external validation studies. 26757898 5 60 theme higher 1270:1275 arg1 TS 1277:1278 higher TS 1270:1278 higher TS 1270:1278 Fast disintegration was achieved with HPMCAS-containing tablets, whereas Soluplus- and PVP VA64-containing tablets had higher TS. 26757898 6 61 theme short 1372:1376 arg1 DT 1378:1379 short DT 1372:1379 short DT 1372:1379 Crospovidone and croscarmellose sodium were more suitable disintegrant than SSG to achieve short DT, and MCC was a suitable filler to prepare tablets with acceptable TS for each studied HME polymer. 26757898 1 62 theme extragranular 177:189 arg1 type 225:228 type 225:228 type 225:228 The objective of the study was to identify the extragranular component requirements (level and type of excipients) to develop an immediate release tablet of solid dispersions prepared by hot melt extrusion (HME) process using commonly used HME polymers. 26757898 1 62 theme extragranular 177:189 arg1 level 215:219 level 215:219 level 215:219 The objective of the study was to identify the extragranular component requirements (level and type of excipients) to develop an immediate release tablet of solid dispersions prepared by hot melt extrusion (HME) process using commonly used HME polymers. 26757898 1 62 theme extragranular 177:189 arg1 requirements 201:212 the extragranular component requirements 173:212 the extragranular component requirements (level and type of excipients) 173:243 The objective of the study was to identify the extragranular component requirements (level and type of excipients) to develop an immediate release tablet of solid dispersions prepared by hot melt extrusion (HME) process using commonly used HME polymers. 26757898 4 63 theme extrudate 1025:1033 arg1 level 1035:1039 Higher extrudate level 1018:1039 Higher extrudate level 1018:1039 Higher extrudate level resulted in longer DT and lower TS so 60-70% was the maximum amount of acceptable extrudate level in tablets. 26757898 3 64 from effect 639:644 arg1 dissolution 1005:1015 dissolution 1005:1015 dissolution 1005:1015 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 3 64 from effect 639:644 arg1 strength 970:977 tensile strength 962:977 tensile strength (TS) 962:982 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 3 64 from effect 639:644 arg1 properties 917:926 tablet properties 910:926 tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution 910:1015 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 3 64 from effect 639:644 arg1 time 951:954 disintegration time 936:954 disintegration time (DT) 936:959 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 3 64 from effect 639:644 arg1 compactibility 985:998 compactibility 985:998 compactibility 985:998 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 8 65 theme rapid 1793:1797 arg1 <15 min 1803:1809 <15 min 1803:1809 <15 min 1803:1809 The developed statistical models identified suitable level of fillers and disintegrants for each studied HME polymer to achieve tablets with rapid DT (<15 min) and acceptable TS (≥1 MPa at 10-15% tablet porosity), and their predictivity was confirmed by conducting internal and external validation studies. 26757898 8 65 theme rapid 1793:1797 arg1 DT 1799:1800 rapid DT 1793:1800 rapid DT (<15 min) 1793:1810 The developed statistical models identified suitable level of fillers and disintegrants for each studied HME polymer to achieve tablets with rapid DT (<15 min) and acceptable TS (≥1 MPa at 10-15% tablet porosity), and their predictivity was confirmed by conducting internal and external validation studies. 26757898 1 66 theme HME 370:372 arg1 polymers 374:381 commonly used HME polymers 356:381 commonly used HME polymers 356:381 The objective of the study was to identify the extragranular component requirements (level and type of excipients) to develop an immediate release tablet of solid dispersions prepared by hot melt extrusion (HME) process using commonly used HME polymers. 26757898 8 67 with tablets 1780:1786 arg1 <15 min 1803:1809 <15 min 1803:1809 <15 min 1803:1809 The developed statistical models identified suitable level of fillers and disintegrants for each studied HME polymer to achieve tablets with rapid DT (<15 min) and acceptable TS (≥1 MPa at 10-15% tablet porosity), and their predictivity was confirmed by conducting internal and external validation studies. 26757898 8 67 with tablets 1780:1786 arg1 DT 1799:1800 rapid DT 1793:1800 rapid DT (<15 min) 1793:1810 The developed statistical models identified suitable level of fillers and disintegrants for each studied HME polymer to achieve tablets with rapid DT (<15 min) and acceptable TS (≥1 MPa at 10-15% tablet porosity), and their predictivity was confirmed by conducting internal and external validation studies. 26757898 8 67 with tablets 1780:1786 arg1 TS 1827:1828 acceptable TS 1816:1828 acceptable TS (≥1 MPa at 10-15% tablet porosity) 1816:1863 The developed statistical models identified suitable level of fillers and disintegrants for each studied HME polymer to achieve tablets with rapid DT (<15 min) and acceptable TS (≥1 MPa at 10-15% tablet porosity), and their predictivity was confirmed by conducting internal and external validation studies. 26757898 2 68 theme acetate 517:523 arg1 succinate 525:533 hypromellose acetate succinate 504:533 hypromellose acetate succinate (HPMCAS-LF) 504:545 Solid dispersions of compound X were prepared using polyvinyl pyrrolidone co-vinyl acetate 64 (PVP VA64), Soluplus, and hypromellose acetate succinate (HPMCAS-LF) polymers in 1:2 ratio by HME through 18 mm extruder. 26757898 2 68 theme acetate 517:523 arg1 HPMCAS-LF 536:544 HPMCAS-LF 536:544 HPMCAS-LF 536:544 Solid dispersions of compound X were prepared using polyvinyl pyrrolidone co-vinyl acetate 64 (PVP VA64), Soluplus, and hypromellose acetate succinate (HPMCAS-LF) polymers in 1:2 ratio by HME through 18 mm extruder. 26757898 3 69 theme dicalcium 721:729 arg1 anhydrous 741:749 dicalcium phosphate anhydrous 721:749 dicalcium phosphate anhydrous 721:749 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 6 70 with tablets 1423:1429 arg1 TS 1447:1448 acceptable TS 1436:1448 acceptable TS 1436:1448 Crospovidone and croscarmellose sodium were more suitable disintegrant than SSG to achieve short DT, and MCC was a suitable filler to prepare tablets with acceptable TS for each studied HME polymer. 26757898 8 71 from porosity 1855:1862 arg1 ≥1 MPa 1831:1836 ≥1 MPa 1831:1836 ≥1 MPa 1831:1836 The developed statistical models identified suitable level of fillers and disintegrants for each studied HME polymer to achieve tablets with rapid DT (<15 min) and acceptable TS (≥1 MPa at 10-15% tablet porosity), and their predictivity was confirmed by conducting internal and external validation studies. 26757898 7 72 from tablets 1542:1548 arg1 dissolution 1525:1535 dissolution 1525:1535 dissolution from tablets 1525:1548 The influence of extragranular components on dissolution from tablets should be carefully evaluated while finalizing tablet composition, as it varies for each HME polymer. 26757898 0 73 theme Melt 81:84 arg1 Extrusion 86:94 Hot Melt Extrusion 77:94 Hot Melt Extrusion Using Quality by Design Approach 77:127 Development of Tablet Formulation of Amorphous Solid Dispersions Prepared by Hot Melt Extrusion Using Quality by Design Approach. 26757898 1 74 theme hot 317:319 arg1 process 342:348 hot melt extrusion (HME) process 317:348 hot melt extrusion (HME) process using commonly used HME polymers 317:381 The objective of the study was to identify the extragranular component requirements (level and type of excipients) to develop an immediate release tablet of solid dispersions prepared by hot melt extrusion (HME) process using commonly used HME polymers. 26757898 2 75 theme co-vinyl 458:465 arg1 acetate 467:473 polyvinyl pyrrolidone co-vinyl acetate 64 436:476 polyvinyl pyrrolidone co-vinyl acetate 64 (PVP VA64) 436:487 Solid dispersions of compound X were prepared using polyvinyl pyrrolidone co-vinyl acetate 64 (PVP VA64), Soluplus, and hypromellose acetate succinate (HPMCAS-LF) polymers in 1:2 ratio by HME through 18 mm extruder. 26757898 2 75 theme co-vinyl 458:465 arg1 PVP 479:481 PVP VA64 479:486 PVP VA64 479:486 Solid dispersions of compound X were prepared using polyvinyl pyrrolidone co-vinyl acetate 64 (PVP VA64), Soluplus, and hypromellose acetate succinate (HPMCAS-LF) polymers in 1:2 ratio by HME through 18 mm extruder. 26757898 3 76 theme mixture 602:608 arg1 design 610:615 A mixture design 600:615 A mixture design 600:615 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 5 77 contain had 1266:1268 arg1 Soluplus- 1224:1232 Soluplus- 1224:1232 Soluplus- 1224:1232 Fast disintegration was achieved with HPMCAS-containing tablets, whereas Soluplus- and PVP VA64-containing tablets had higher TS. 26757898 5 77 contain had 1266:1268 arg2 TS 1277:1278 higher TS 1270:1278 higher TS 1270:1278 Fast disintegration was achieved with HPMCAS-containing tablets, whereas Soluplus- and PVP VA64-containing tablets had higher TS. 26757898 5 77 contain had 1266:1268 arg1 PVP 1238:1240 PVP 1238:1240 PVP 1238:1240 Fast disintegration was achieved with HPMCAS-containing tablets, whereas Soluplus- and PVP VA64-containing tablets had higher TS. 26757898 1 78 theme extrusion 326:334 arg1 process 342:348 hot melt extrusion (HME) process 317:348 hot melt extrusion (HME) process using commonly used HME polymers 317:381 The objective of the study was to identify the extragranular component requirements (level and type of excipients) to develop an immediate release tablet of solid dispersions prepared by hot melt extrusion (HME) process using commonly used HME polymers. 26757898 5 79 theme Fast 1151:1154 arg1 disintegration 1156:1169 Fast disintegration 1151:1169 Fast disintegration 1151:1169 Fast disintegration was achieved with HPMCAS-containing tablets, whereas Soluplus- and PVP VA64-containing tablets had higher TS. 26757898 1 80 theme HME 337:339 arg1 process 342:348 hot melt extrusion (HME) process 317:348 hot melt extrusion (HME) process using commonly used HME polymers 317:381 The objective of the study was to identify the extragranular component requirements (level and type of excipients) to develop an immediate release tablet of solid dispersions prepared by hot melt extrusion (HME) process using commonly used HME polymers. 26757898 6 81 theme HME 1467:1469 arg1 polymer 1471:1477 each studied HME polymer 1454:1477 each studied HME polymer 1454:1477 Crospovidone and croscarmellose sodium were more suitable disintegrant than SSG to achieve short DT, and MCC was a suitable filler to prepare tablets with acceptable TS for each studied HME polymer. 26757898 4 82 from tablets 1142:1148 arg1 level 1133:1137 acceptable extrudate level 1112:1137 acceptable extrudate level in tablets 1112:1148 Higher extrudate level resulted in longer DT and lower TS so 60-70% was the maximum amount of acceptable extrudate level in tablets. 26757898 4 82 from tablets 1142:1148 arg1 % 1084:1084 60-70% 1079:1084 60-70% 1079:1084 Higher extrudate level resulted in longer DT and lower TS so 60-70% was the maximum amount of acceptable extrudate level in tablets. 26757898 4 82 from tablets 1142:1148 arg1 amount 1102:1107 the maximum amount 1090:1107 the maximum amount of acceptable extrudate level in tablets 1090:1148 Higher extrudate level resulted in longer DT and lower TS so 60-70% was the maximum amount of acceptable extrudate level in tablets. 26757898 4 83 theme longer 1053:1058 arg1 DT 1060:1061 longer DT 1053:1061 longer DT 1053:1061 Higher extrudate level resulted in longer DT and lower TS so 60-70% was the maximum amount of acceptable extrudate level in tablets. 26757898 8 84 theme % 1846:1846 arg1 porosity 1855:1862 10-15% tablet porosity 1841:1862 10-15% tablet porosity 1841:1862 The developed statistical models identified suitable level of fillers and disintegrants for each studied HME polymer to achieve tablets with rapid DT (<15 min) and acceptable TS (≥1 MPa at 10-15% tablet porosity), and their predictivity was confirmed by conducting internal and external validation studies. 26757898 5 85 dep Soluplus- 1224:1232 arg1 tablets 1258:1264 VA64-containing tablets 1242:1264 VA64-containing tablets 1242:1264 Fast disintegration was achieved with HPMCAS-containing tablets, whereas Soluplus- and PVP VA64-containing tablets had higher TS. 26757898 2 86 theme X 414:414 arg1 dispersions 390:400 Solid dispersions 384:400 Solid dispersions of compound X 384:414 Solid dispersions of compound X were prepared using polyvinyl pyrrolidone co-vinyl acetate 64 (PVP VA64), Soluplus, and hypromellose acetate succinate (HPMCAS-LF) polymers in 1:2 ratio by HME through 18 mm extruder. 26757898 4 87 from level 1133:1137 arg1 tablets 1142:1148 tablets 1142:1148 tablets 1142:1148 Higher extrudate level resulted in longer DT and lower TS so 60-70% was the maximum amount of acceptable extrudate level in tablets. 26757898 0 88 theme Formulation 22:32 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development of Tablet Formulation of Amorphous Solid Dispersions 0:63 Development of Tablet Formulation of Amorphous Solid Dispersions Prepared by Hot Melt Extrusion Using Quality by Design Approach. 26757898 1 89 theme immediate 259:267 arg1 tablet 277:282 an immediate release tablet 256:282 an immediate release tablet of solid dispersions prepared by hot melt extrusion (HME) process using commonly used HME polymers 256:381 The objective of the study was to identify the extragranular component requirements (level and type of excipients) to develop an immediate release tablet of solid dispersions prepared by hot melt extrusion (HME) process using commonly used HME polymers. 26757898 8 90 theme suitable 1696:1703 arg1 level 1705:1709 suitable level 1696:1709 suitable level of fillers and disintegrants for each studied HME polymer 1696:1767 The developed statistical models identified suitable level of fillers and disintegrants for each studied HME polymer to achieve tablets with rapid DT (<15 min) and acceptable TS (≥1 MPa at 10-15% tablet porosity), and their predictivity was confirmed by conducting internal and external validation studies. 26757898 7 91 theme components 1511:1520 arg1 influence 1484:1492 The influence 1480:1492 The influence of extragranular components on dissolution from tablets 1480:1548 The influence of extragranular components on dissolution from tablets should be carefully evaluated while finalizing tablet composition, as it varies for each HME polymer. 26757898 8 92 theme internal 1917:1924 arg1 studies 1950:1956 internal and external validation studies 1917:1956 internal and external validation studies 1917:1956 The developed statistical models identified suitable level of fillers and disintegrants for each studied HME polymer to achieve tablets with rapid DT (<15 min) and acceptable TS (≥1 MPa at 10-15% tablet porosity), and their predictivity was confirmed by conducting internal and external validation studies. 26757898 2 93 theme Solid 384:388 arg1 dispersions 390:400 Solid dispersions 384:400 Solid dispersions of compound X 384:414 Solid dispersions of compound X were prepared using polyvinyl pyrrolidone co-vinyl acetate 64 (PVP VA64), Soluplus, and hypromellose acetate succinate (HPMCAS-LF) polymers in 1:2 ratio by HME through 18 mm extruder. 26757898 0 94 theme Amorphous 37:45 arg1 Dispersions 53:63 Amorphous Solid Dispersions 37:63 Amorphous Solid Dispersions 37:63 Development of Tablet Formulation of Amorphous Solid Dispersions Prepared by Hot Melt Extrusion Using Quality by Design Approach. 26757898 3 95 theme starch 826:831 arg1 SSG 844:846 SSG 844:846 SSG 844:846 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 3 95 theme starch 826:831 arg1 glycolate 833:841 sodium starch glycolate 819:841 sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) 819:848 A mixture design was employed to study effect of type of polymer, filler (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA)), and disintegrant (Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) as well as level of extrudates, filler, and disintegrant on tablet properties such as disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), compactibility, and dissolution. 26757898 8 96 theme external 1930:1937 arg1 studies 1950:1956 internal and external validation studies 1917:1956 internal and external validation studies 1917:1956 The developed statistical models identified suitable level of fillers and disintegrants for each studied HME polymer to achieve tablets with rapid DT (<15 min) and acceptable TS (≥1 MPa at 10-15% tablet porosity), and their predictivity was confirmed by conducting internal and external validation studies. 26757898 2 97 theme polyvinyl 436:444 arg1 acetate 467:473 polyvinyl pyrrolidone co-vinyl acetate 64 436:476 polyvinyl pyrrolidone co-vinyl acetate 64 (PVP VA64) 436:487 Solid dispersions of compound X were prepared using polyvinyl pyrrolidone co-vinyl acetate 64 (PVP VA64), Soluplus, and hypromellose acetate succinate (HPMCAS-LF) polymers in 1:2 ratio by HME through 18 mm extruder. 26757898 2 97 theme polyvinyl 436:444 arg1 PVP 479:481 PVP VA64 479:486 PVP VA64 479:486 Solid dispersions of compound X were prepared using polyvinyl pyrrolidone co-vinyl acetate 64 (PVP VA64), Soluplus, and hypromellose acetate succinate (HPMCAS-LF) polymers in 1:2 ratio by HME through 18 mm extruder. 26757898 4 98 from amount 1102:1107 arg1 tablets 1142:1148 tablets 1142:1148 tablets 1142:1148 Higher extrudate level resulted in longer DT and lower TS so 60-70% was the maximum amount of acceptable extrudate level in tablets. 26757898 4 99 theme extrudate 1123:1131 arg1 level 1133:1137 acceptable extrudate level 1112:1137 acceptable extrudate level in tablets 1112:1148 Higher extrudate level resulted in longer DT and lower TS so 60-70% was the maximum amount of acceptable extrudate level in tablets. 26757898 0 100 theme Dispersions 53:63 arg1 Formulation 22:32 Tablet Formulation 15:32 Tablet Formulation of Amorphous Solid Dispersions 15:63 Development of Tablet Formulation of Amorphous Solid Dispersions Prepared by Hot Melt Extrusion Using Quality by Design Approach. 26757898 1 101 theme solid 287:291 arg1 dispersions 293:303 solid dispersions 287:303 solid dispersions prepared by hot melt extrusion (HME) process using commonly used HME polymers 287:381 The objective of the study was to identify the extragranular component requirements (level and type of excipients) to develop an immediate release tablet of solid dispersions prepared by hot melt extrusion (HME) process using commonly used HME polymers. 26757898 2 102 dep acetate 467:473 arg1 polymers 547:554 polymers 547:554 polymers 547:554 Solid dispersions of compound X were prepared using polyvinyl pyrrolidone co-vinyl acetate 64 (PVP VA64), Soluplus, and hypromellose acetate succinate (HPMCAS-LF) polymers in 1:2 ratio by HME through 18 mm extruder. 26757898 4 103 theme maximum 1094:1100 arg1 level 1133:1137 acceptable extrudate level 1112:1137 acceptable extrudate level in tablets 1112:1148 Higher extrudate level resulted in longer DT and lower TS so 60-70% was the maximum amount of acceptable extrudate level in tablets. 26757898 4 103 theme maximum 1094:1100 arg1 % 1084:1084 60-70% 1079:1084 60-70% 1079:1084 Higher extrudate level resulted in longer DT and lower TS so 60-70% was the maximum amount of acceptable extrudate level in tablets. 26757898 4 103 theme maximum 1094:1100 arg1 amount 1102:1107 the maximum amount 1090:1107 the maximum amount of acceptable extrudate level in tablets 1090:1148 Higher extrudate level resulted in longer DT and lower TS so 60-70% was the maximum amount of acceptable extrudate level in tablets. 28504134 9 0 theme typical 1262:1268 arg1 parameters 1278:1287 typical kinetic parameters 1262:1287 typical kinetic parameters 1262:1287 The kinetics of diffusion was investigated and typical kinetic parameters were determined and found that the nanocomposites follow pseudo fickian behaviour. 28504134 3 1 theme good 568:571 arg1 interaction 573:583 very good interaction 563:583 very good interaction between thermoplastic starch and cellulose nanofibers 563:637 The investigation of the viscoelastic properties confirms starch macromolecular chain confinement around the nano scale cellulose surface, superior dispersion and very good interaction between thermoplastic starch and cellulose nanofibers. 28504134 8 2 theme fiber 1194:1198 arg1 agglomeration 1200:1212 possible fiber agglomeration 1185:1212 possible fiber agglomeration 1185:1212 % but further addition depreciated properties due to possible fiber agglomeration. 28504134 4 3 theme confinement 660:670 arg1 degree 644:649 The degree 640:649 The degree of chain confinement 640:670 The degree of chain confinement was quantified. 28504134 5 4 theme hydrogen 857:864 arg1 interactions 873:884 hydrogen boding interactions 857:884 hydrogen boding interactions 857:884 The chain confinement was associated with the immobilization of the starch macromolecular chains in the network formed by the nano-scale cellulose fibers as a result of hydrogen boding interactions. 28504134 5 5 theme boding 866:871 arg1 interactions 873:884 hydrogen boding interactions 857:884 hydrogen boding interactions 857:884 The chain confinement was associated with the immobilization of the starch macromolecular chains in the network formed by the nano-scale cellulose fibers as a result of hydrogen boding interactions. 28504134 9 6 theme kinetic 1270:1276 arg1 parameters 1278:1287 typical kinetic parameters 1262:1287 typical kinetic parameters 1262:1287 The kinetics of diffusion was investigated and typical kinetic parameters were determined and found that the nanocomposites follow pseudo fickian behaviour. 28504134 1 7 theme Eco-friendly 182:193 arg1 composites 208:217 Eco-friendly "green" nano composites 182:217 Eco-friendly "green" nano composites 182:217 Eco-friendly "green" nano composites were fabricated from potato starch and cellulose nanofibers from pineapple leaf. 28504134 4 8 theme chain 654:658 arg1 confinement 660:670 chain confinement 654:670 chain confinement 654:670 The degree of chain confinement was quantified. 28504134 0 9 theme thermoplastic 108:120 arg1 starch 129:134 thermoplastic potato starch 108:134 thermoplastic potato starch 108:134 Morphology, transport characteristics and viscoelastic polymer chain confinement in nanocomposites based on thermoplastic potato starch and cellulose nanofibers from pineapple leaf. 28504134 0 10 from Morphology 0:9 arg1 nanocomposites 84:97 nanocomposites 84:97 nanocomposites based on thermoplastic potato starch and cellulose 84:148 Morphology, transport characteristics and viscoelastic polymer chain confinement in nanocomposites based on thermoplastic potato starch and cellulose nanofibers from pineapple leaf. 28504134 7 11 theme Barrier 1057:1063 arg1 properties 1065:1074 Barrier properties 1057:1074 Barrier properties 1057:1074 Barrier properties also improved with the addition of nanofiller up to 3wt. 28504134 2 12 theme starch/cellulose 318:333 arg1 nanofibers 335:344 starch/cellulose nanofibers 318:344 starch/cellulose nanofibers 318:344 Nanocomposites of starch/cellulose nanofibers were prepared by solution mixing followed by casting. 28504134 10 13 used used 1451:1454 arg2 films 1438:1442 the prepared nanocomposites films 1410:1442 the prepared nanocomposites films 1410:1442 The outcome of the work confirms that the prepared nanocomposites films can be used as a swap for packaging applications. 28504134 10 13 used used 1451:1454 arg2 swap 1461:1464 a swap 1459:1464 a swap for packaging applications 1459:1491 The outcome of the work confirms that the prepared nanocomposites films can be used as a swap for packaging applications. 28504134 1 14 theme pineapple 284:292 arg1 leaf 294:297 pineapple leaf 284:297 pineapple leaf 284:297 Eco-friendly "green" nano composites were fabricated from potato starch and cellulose nanofibers from pineapple leaf. 28504134 5 15 theme cellulose 825:833 arg1 fibers 835:840 the nano-scale cellulose fibers 810:840 the nano-scale cellulose fibers 810:840 The chain confinement was associated with the immobilization of the starch macromolecular chains in the network formed by the nano-scale cellulose fibers as a result of hydrogen boding interactions. 28504134 5 16 theme starch 756:761 arg1 chains 778:783 the starch macromolecular chains 752:783 the starch macromolecular chains 752:783 The chain confinement was associated with the immobilization of the starch macromolecular chains in the network formed by the nano-scale cellulose fibers as a result of hydrogen boding interactions. 28504134 5 17 theme chain 692:696 arg1 confinement 698:708 The chain confinement 688:708 The chain confinement 688:708 The chain confinement was associated with the immobilization of the starch macromolecular chains in the network formed by the nano-scale cellulose fibers as a result of hydrogen boding interactions. 28504134 10 18 theme packaging 1470:1478 arg1 applications 1480:1491 packaging applications 1470:1491 packaging applications 1470:1491 The outcome of the work confirms that the prepared nanocomposites films can be used as a swap for packaging applications. 28504134 3 19 theme starch 607:612 arg1 nanofibers 628:637 thermoplastic starch and cellulose nanofibers 593:637 thermoplastic starch and cellulose nanofibers 593:637 The investigation of the viscoelastic properties confirms starch macromolecular chain confinement around the nano scale cellulose surface, superior dispersion and very good interaction between thermoplastic starch and cellulose nanofibers. 28504134 10 20 theme work 1391:1394 arg1 outcome 1376:1382 The outcome 1372:1382 The outcome of the work 1372:1394 The outcome of the work confirms that the prepared nanocomposites films can be used as a swap for packaging applications. 28504134 0 21 theme potato 122:127 arg1 starch 129:134 thermoplastic potato starch 108:134 thermoplastic potato starch 108:134 Morphology, transport characteristics and viscoelastic polymer chain confinement in nanocomposites based on thermoplastic potato starch and cellulose nanofibers from pineapple leaf. 28504134 6 22 theme heterogenous 963:974 arg1 nature 976:981 a heterogenous nature 961:981 a heterogenous nature 961:981 From the results, it was assumed that the starch glycerol system exhibits a heterogenous nature and cellulose nanofibers tend to move towards glycerol rich starch phase. 28504134 3 23 theme macromolecular 465:478 arg1 confinement 486:496 starch macromolecular chain confinement 458:496 starch macromolecular chain confinement around the nano scale cellulose surface 458:536 The investigation of the viscoelastic properties confirms starch macromolecular chain confinement around the nano scale cellulose surface, superior dispersion and very good interaction between thermoplastic starch and cellulose nanofibers. 28504134 6 24 theme starch 929:934 arg1 system 945:950 the starch glycerol system 925:950 the starch glycerol system 925:950 From the results, it was assumed that the starch glycerol system exhibits a heterogenous nature and cellulose nanofibers tend to move towards glycerol rich starch phase. 28504134 3 25 theme nano 509:512 arg1 surface 530:536 the nano scale cellulose surface 505:536 the nano scale cellulose surface 505:536 The investigation of the viscoelastic properties confirms starch macromolecular chain confinement around the nano scale cellulose surface, superior dispersion and very good interaction between thermoplastic starch and cellulose nanofibers. 28504134 3 26 theme viscoelastic 425:436 arg1 properties 438:447 the viscoelastic properties 421:447 the viscoelastic properties 421:447 The investigation of the viscoelastic properties confirms starch macromolecular chain confinement around the nano scale cellulose surface, superior dispersion and very good interaction between thermoplastic starch and cellulose nanofibers. 28504134 5 27 theme chains 778:783 arg1 immobilization 734:747 the immobilization 730:747 the immobilization of the starch macromolecular chains in the network formed by the nano-scale cellulose fibers as a result of hydrogen boding interactions 730:884 The chain confinement was associated with the immobilization of the starch macromolecular chains in the network formed by the nano-scale cellulose fibers as a result of hydrogen boding interactions. 28504134 1 28 theme " 201:201 arg1 composites 208:217 Eco-friendly "green" nano composites 182:217 Eco-friendly "green" nano composites 182:217 Eco-friendly "green" nano composites were fabricated from potato starch and cellulose nanofibers from pineapple leaf. 28504134 3 29 theme properties 438:447 arg1 investigation 404:416 The investigation 400:416 The investigation of the viscoelastic properties 400:447 The investigation of the viscoelastic properties confirms starch macromolecular chain confinement around the nano scale cellulose surface, superior dispersion and very good interaction between thermoplastic starch and cellulose nanofibers. 28504134 8 30 theme possible 1185:1192 arg1 agglomeration 1200:1212 possible fiber agglomeration 1185:1212 possible fiber agglomeration 1185:1212 % but further addition depreciated properties due to possible fiber agglomeration. 28504134 8 31 theme further 1138:1144 arg1 addition 1146:1153 further addition 1138:1153 further addition 1138:1153 % but further addition depreciated properties due to possible fiber agglomeration. 28504134 0 32 theme polymer 55:61 arg1 confinement 69:79 viscoelastic polymer chain confinement 42:79 viscoelastic polymer chain confinement 42:79 Morphology, transport characteristics and viscoelastic polymer chain confinement in nanocomposites based on thermoplastic potato starch and cellulose nanofibers from pineapple leaf. 28504134 1 33 theme nano 203:206 arg1 composites 208:217 Eco-friendly "green" nano composites 182:217 Eco-friendly "green" nano composites 182:217 Eco-friendly "green" nano composites were fabricated from potato starch and cellulose nanofibers from pineapple leaf. 28504134 8 34 theme due 1178:1180 arg1 properties 1167:1176 properties 1167:1176 properties due to possible fiber agglomeration 1167:1212 % but further addition depreciated properties due to possible fiber agglomeration. 28504134 10 35 theme prepared 1414:1421 arg1 films 1438:1442 the prepared nanocomposites films 1410:1442 the prepared nanocomposites films 1410:1442 The outcome of the work confirms that the prepared nanocomposites films can be used as a swap for packaging applications. 28504134 10 35 theme prepared 1414:1421 arg1 swap 1461:1464 a swap 1459:1464 a swap for packaging applications 1459:1491 The outcome of the work confirms that the prepared nanocomposites films can be used as a swap for packaging applications. 28504134 0 36 theme transport 12:20 arg1 characteristics 22:36 transport characteristics 12:36 transport characteristics 12:36 Morphology, transport characteristics and viscoelastic polymer chain confinement in nanocomposites based on thermoplastic potato starch and cellulose nanofibers from pineapple leaf. 28504134 1 37 from leaf 294:297 arg1 starch 247:252 potato starch and cellulose nanofibers 240:277 starch 247:252 Eco-friendly "green" nano composites were fabricated from potato starch and cellulose nanofibers from pineapple leaf. 28504134 1 37 from leaf 294:297 arg1 nanofibers 268:277 potato starch and cellulose nanofibers 240:277 nanofibers 268:277 Eco-friendly "green" nano composites were fabricated from potato starch and cellulose nanofibers from pineapple leaf. 28504134 9 38 theme fickian 1353:1359 arg1 behaviour 1361:1369 pseudo fickian behaviour 1346:1369 pseudo fickian behaviour 1346:1369 The kinetics of diffusion was investigated and typical kinetic parameters were determined and found that the nanocomposites follow pseudo fickian behaviour. 28504134 2 39 theme nanofibers 335:344 arg1 Nanocomposites 300:313 Nanocomposites 300:313 Nanocomposites of starch/cellulose nanofibers 300:344 Nanocomposites of starch/cellulose nanofibers were prepared by solution mixing followed by casting. 28504134 2 39 theme nanofibers 335:344 arg1 nanofibers 335:344 starch/cellulose nanofibers 318:344 starch/cellulose nanofibers 318:344 Nanocomposites of starch/cellulose nanofibers were prepared by solution mixing followed by casting. 28504134 10 40 theme nanocomposites 1423:1436 arg1 films 1438:1442 the prepared nanocomposites films 1410:1442 the prepared nanocomposites films 1410:1442 The outcome of the work confirms that the prepared nanocomposites films can be used as a swap for packaging applications. 28504134 10 40 theme nanocomposites 1423:1436 arg1 swap 1461:1464 a swap 1459:1464 a swap for packaging applications 1459:1491 The outcome of the work confirms that the prepared nanocomposites films can be used as a swap for packaging applications. 28504134 0 41 theme viscoelastic 42:53 arg1 confinement 69:79 viscoelastic polymer chain confinement 42:79 viscoelastic polymer chain confinement 42:79 Morphology, transport characteristics and viscoelastic polymer chain confinement in nanocomposites based on thermoplastic potato starch and cellulose nanofibers from pineapple leaf. 28504134 6 42 theme starch 1043:1048 arg1 phase 1050:1054 glycerol rich starch phase 1029:1054 glycerol rich starch phase 1029:1054 From the results, it was assumed that the starch glycerol system exhibits a heterogenous nature and cellulose nanofibers tend to move towards glycerol rich starch phase. 28504134 3 43 theme scale 514:518 arg1 surface 530:536 the nano scale cellulose surface 505:536 the nano scale cellulose surface 505:536 The investigation of the viscoelastic properties confirms starch macromolecular chain confinement around the nano scale cellulose surface, superior dispersion and very good interaction between thermoplastic starch and cellulose nanofibers. 28504134 3 44 theme chain 480:484 arg1 confinement 486:496 starch macromolecular chain confinement 458:496 starch macromolecular chain confinement around the nano scale cellulose surface 458:536 The investigation of the viscoelastic properties confirms starch macromolecular chain confinement around the nano scale cellulose surface, superior dispersion and very good interaction between thermoplastic starch and cellulose nanofibers. 28504134 6 45 theme rich 1038:1041 arg1 phase 1050:1054 glycerol rich starch phase 1029:1054 glycerol rich starch phase 1029:1054 From the results, it was assumed that the starch glycerol system exhibits a heterogenous nature and cellulose nanofibers tend to move towards glycerol rich starch phase. 28504134 5 46 theme interactions 873:884 arg1 result 847:852 a result 845:852 a result of hydrogen boding interactions 845:884 The chain confinement was associated with the immobilization of the starch macromolecular chains in the network formed by the nano-scale cellulose fibers as a result of hydrogen boding interactions. 28504134 6 47 theme glycerol 936:943 arg1 system 945:950 the starch glycerol system 925:950 the starch glycerol system 925:950 From the results, it was assumed that the starch glycerol system exhibits a heterogenous nature and cellulose nanofibers tend to move towards glycerol rich starch phase. 28504134 3 48 theme cellulose 520:528 arg1 surface 530:536 the nano scale cellulose surface 505:536 the nano scale cellulose surface 505:536 The investigation of the viscoelastic properties confirms starch macromolecular chain confinement around the nano scale cellulose surface, superior dispersion and very good interaction between thermoplastic starch and cellulose nanofibers. 28504134 0 49 theme chain 63:67 arg1 confinement 69:79 viscoelastic polymer chain confinement 42:79 viscoelastic polymer chain confinement 42:79 Morphology, transport characteristics and viscoelastic polymer chain confinement in nanocomposites based on thermoplastic potato starch and cellulose nanofibers from pineapple leaf. 28504134 5 50 theme nano-scale 814:823 arg1 fibers 835:840 the nano-scale cellulose fibers 810:840 the nano-scale cellulose fibers 810:840 The chain confinement was associated with the immobilization of the starch macromolecular chains in the network formed by the nano-scale cellulose fibers as a result of hydrogen boding interactions. 28504134 5 51 theme macromolecular 763:776 arg1 chains 778:783 the starch macromolecular chains 752:783 the starch macromolecular chains 752:783 The chain confinement was associated with the immobilization of the starch macromolecular chains in the network formed by the nano-scale cellulose fibers as a result of hydrogen boding interactions. 28504134 0 52 from confinement 69:79 arg1 nanocomposites 84:97 nanocomposites 84:97 nanocomposites based on thermoplastic potato starch and cellulose 84:148 Morphology, transport characteristics and viscoelastic polymer chain confinement in nanocomposites based on thermoplastic potato starch and cellulose nanofibers from pineapple leaf. 28504134 7 53 theme nanofiller 1111:1120 arg1 addition 1099:1106 the addition 1095:1106 the addition of nanofiller up to 3wt 1095:1130 Barrier properties also improved with the addition of nanofiller up to 3wt. 28504134 3 54 theme starch 458:463 arg1 confinement 486:496 starch macromolecular chain confinement 458:496 starch macromolecular chain confinement around the nano scale cellulose surface 458:536 The investigation of the viscoelastic properties confirms starch macromolecular chain confinement around the nano scale cellulose surface, superior dispersion and very good interaction between thermoplastic starch and cellulose nanofibers. 28504134 5 55 from immobilization 734:747 arg1 network 792:798 the network 788:798 the network formed by the nano-scale cellulose fibers as a result of hydrogen boding interactions 788:884 The chain confinement was associated with the immobilization of the starch macromolecular chains in the network formed by the nano-scale cellulose fibers as a result of hydrogen boding interactions. 28504134 0 56 theme pineapple 166:174 arg1 leaf 176:179 pineapple leaf 166:179 pineapple leaf 166:179 Morphology, transport characteristics and viscoelastic polymer chain confinement in nanocomposites based on thermoplastic potato starch and cellulose nanofibers from pineapple leaf. 28504134 9 57 theme pseudo 1346:1351 arg1 behaviour 1361:1369 pseudo fickian behaviour 1346:1369 pseudo fickian behaviour 1346:1369 The kinetics of diffusion was investigated and typical kinetic parameters were determined and found that the nanocomposites follow pseudo fickian behaviour. 28504134 9 58 theme diffusion 1231:1239 arg1 kinetics 1219:1226 The kinetics 1215:1226 The kinetics of diffusion 1215:1239 The kinetics of diffusion was investigated and typical kinetic parameters were determined and found that the nanocomposites follow pseudo fickian behaviour. 28504134 3 59 theme superior 539:546 arg1 dispersion 548:557 superior dispersion 539:557 superior dispersion 539:557 The investigation of the viscoelastic properties confirms starch macromolecular chain confinement around the nano scale cellulose surface, superior dispersion and very good interaction between thermoplastic starch and cellulose nanofibers. 28504134 1 60 theme potato 240:245 arg1 starch 247:252 potato starch and cellulose nanofibers 240:277 starch 247:252 Eco-friendly "green" nano composites were fabricated from potato starch and cellulose nanofibers from pineapple leaf. 28504134 3 61 theme cellulose 618:626 arg1 nanofibers 628:637 thermoplastic starch and cellulose nanofibers 593:637 thermoplastic starch and cellulose nanofibers 593:637 The investigation of the viscoelastic properties confirms starch macromolecular chain confinement around the nano scale cellulose surface, superior dispersion and very good interaction between thermoplastic starch and cellulose nanofibers. 28504134 2 62 theme solution 363:370 arg1 mixing 372:377 solution mixing 363:377 solution mixing followed by casting 363:397 Nanocomposites of starch/cellulose nanofibers were prepared by solution mixing followed by casting. 28504134 6 63 theme cellulose 987:995 arg1 nanofibers 997:1006 cellulose nanofibers 987:1006 cellulose nanofibers 987:1006 From the results, it was assumed that the starch glycerol system exhibits a heterogenous nature and cellulose nanofibers tend to move towards glycerol rich starch phase. 28504134 0 64 from characteristics 22:36 arg1 nanocomposites 84:97 nanocomposites 84:97 nanocomposites based on thermoplastic potato starch and cellulose 84:148 Morphology, transport characteristics and viscoelastic polymer chain confinement in nanocomposites based on thermoplastic potato starch and cellulose nanofibers from pineapple leaf. 28504134 3 65 theme thermoplastic 593:605 arg1 nanofibers 628:637 thermoplastic starch and cellulose nanofibers 593:637 thermoplastic starch and cellulose nanofibers 593:637 The investigation of the viscoelastic properties confirms starch macromolecular chain confinement around the nano scale cellulose surface, superior dispersion and very good interaction between thermoplastic starch and cellulose nanofibers. 28504134 6 66 theme glycerol 1029:1036 arg1 phase 1050:1054 glycerol rich starch phase 1029:1054 glycerol rich starch phase 1029:1054 From the results, it was assumed that the starch glycerol system exhibits a heterogenous nature and cellulose nanofibers tend to move towards glycerol rich starch phase. 28504134 1 67 theme cellulose 258:266 arg1 nanofibers 268:277 potato starch and cellulose nanofibers 240:277 nanofibers 268:277 Eco-friendly "green" nano composites were fabricated from potato starch and cellulose nanofibers from pineapple leaf. 27987901 0 0 theme gum/cellulose 70:82 arg1 hydrogels 99:107 gum/cellulose superabsorbent hydrogels 70:107 gum/cellulose superabsorbent hydrogels for water conservation 70:130 A facile and efficient strategy for the fabrication of porous linseed gum/cellulose superabsorbent hydrogels for water conservation. 27987901 5 1 theme conservation 928:939 arg1 material 941:948 an effective water conservation material 909:948 an effective water conservation material in agriculture 909:963 This work provided a simple way to prepare cellulose-based superabsorbent hydrogels, which could be potentially applied as an effective water conservation material in agriculture. 27987901 5 1 theme conservation 928:939 arg1 hydrogels 860:868 cellulose-based superabsorbent hydrogels 829:868 cellulose-based superabsorbent hydrogels 829:868 This work provided a simple way to prepare cellulose-based superabsorbent hydrogels, which could be potentially applied as an effective water conservation material in agriculture. 27987901 1 2 theme NaOH/urea 271:279 arg1 system 289:294 the NaOH/urea aqueous system 267:294 the NaOH/urea aqueous system 267:294 The linseed gum/cellulose composite hydrogels were successfully fabricated by mixing cellulose and linseed gum solutions dissolved in the NaOH/urea aqueous system and cross-linked with epichlorohydrin. 27987901 1 3 theme aqueous 281:287 arg1 system 289:294 the NaOH/urea aqueous system 267:294 the NaOH/urea aqueous system 267:294 The linseed gum/cellulose composite hydrogels were successfully fabricated by mixing cellulose and linseed gum solutions dissolved in the NaOH/urea aqueous system and cross-linked with epichlorohydrin. 27987901 5 4 from material 941:948 arg1 agriculture 953:963 agriculture 953:963 agriculture 953:963 This work provided a simple way to prepare cellulose-based superabsorbent hydrogels, which could be potentially applied as an effective water conservation material in agriculture. 27987901 5 5 theme water 922:926 arg1 material 941:948 an effective water conservation material 909:948 an effective water conservation material in agriculture 909:963 This work provided a simple way to prepare cellulose-based superabsorbent hydrogels, which could be potentially applied as an effective water conservation material in agriculture. 27987901 5 5 theme water 922:926 arg1 hydrogels 860:868 cellulose-based superabsorbent hydrogels 829:868 cellulose-based superabsorbent hydrogels 829:868 This work provided a simple way to prepare cellulose-based superabsorbent hydrogels, which could be potentially applied as an effective water conservation material in agriculture. 27987901 0 6 theme superabsorbent 84:97 arg1 hydrogels 99:107 gum/cellulose superabsorbent hydrogels 70:107 gum/cellulose superabsorbent hydrogels for water conservation 70:130 A facile and efficient strategy for the fabrication of porous linseed gum/cellulose superabsorbent hydrogels for water conservation. 27987901 3 7 theme swelling 565:572 arg1 ratio 574:578 swelling ratio 565:578 swelling ratio 565:578 The swelling ratio and water retention properties were investigated. 27987901 0 8 theme water 113:117 arg1 conservation 119:130 water conservation 113:130 water conservation 113:130 A facile and efficient strategy for the fabrication of porous linseed gum/cellulose superabsorbent hydrogels for water conservation. 27987901 2 9 dep morphology 339:348 arg1 The 335:337 The 335:337 The 335:337 The morphology and structure of the composite hydrogels were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 27987901 4 10 theme linseed 656:662 arg1 gum 664:666 linseed gum 656:666 linseed gum 656:666 The results revealed that linseed gum mainly contributed to water adsorption, whereas the cellulose acted as a backbone to strengthen the porous structure. 27987901 4 11 theme water 690:694 arg1 adsorption 696:705 water adsorption 690:705 water adsorption 690:705 The results revealed that linseed gum mainly contributed to water adsorption, whereas the cellulose acted as a backbone to strengthen the porous structure. 27987901 2 12 theme thermogravimetric 527:543 arg1 analysis 545:552 thermogravimetric analysis 527:552 thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 527:558 The morphology and structure of the composite hydrogels were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 27987901 2 12 theme thermogravimetric 527:543 arg1 TGA 555:557 TGA 555:557 TGA 555:557 The morphology and structure of the composite hydrogels were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 27987901 5 13 theme cellulose-based 829:843 arg1 material 941:948 an effective water conservation material 909:948 an effective water conservation material in agriculture 909:963 This work provided a simple way to prepare cellulose-based superabsorbent hydrogels, which could be potentially applied as an effective water conservation material in agriculture. 27987901 5 13 theme cellulose-based 829:843 arg1 hydrogels 860:868 cellulose-based superabsorbent hydrogels 829:868 cellulose-based superabsorbent hydrogels 829:868 This work provided a simple way to prepare cellulose-based superabsorbent hydrogels, which could be potentially applied as an effective water conservation material in agriculture. 27987901 0 14 theme facile 2:7 arg1 strategy 23:30 A facile and efficient strategy 0:30 A facile and efficient strategy for the fabrication of porous 0:60 A facile and efficient strategy for the fabrication of porous linseed gum/cellulose superabsorbent hydrogels for water conservation. 27987901 3 15 theme water 584:588 arg1 retention 590:598 water retention 584:598 water retention 584:598 The swelling ratio and water retention properties were investigated. 27987901 2 16 theme FTIR 476:479 arg1 spectroscopy 482:493 (FTIR) spectroscopy 475:493 (FTIR) spectroscopy 475:493 The morphology and structure of the composite hydrogels were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 27987901 3 17 theme retention 590:598 arg1 properties 600:609 The swelling ratio and water retention properties 561:609 The swelling ratio and water retention properties 561:609 The swelling ratio and water retention properties were investigated. 27987901 2 18 theme electron 421:428 arg1 SEM 442:444 SEM 442:444 SEM 442:444 The morphology and structure of the composite hydrogels were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 27987901 2 18 theme electron 421:428 arg1 Fourier 448:454 Fourier 448:454 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 448:558 The morphology and structure of the composite hydrogels were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 27987901 2 18 theme electron 421:428 arg1 microscopy 430:439 scanning electron microscopy 412:439 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 412:445 The morphology and structure of the composite hydrogels were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 27987901 0 19 theme efficient 13:21 arg1 strategy 23:30 A facile and efficient strategy 0:30 A facile and efficient strategy for the fabrication of porous 0:60 A facile and efficient strategy for the fabrication of porous linseed gum/cellulose superabsorbent hydrogels for water conservation. 27987901 3 20 theme ratio 574:578 arg1 properties 600:609 The swelling ratio and water retention properties 561:609 The swelling ratio and water retention properties 561:609 The swelling ratio and water retention properties were investigated. 27987901 1 21 theme cellulose 218:226 arg1 solutions 244:252 mixing cellulose and linseed gum solutions 211:252 mixing cellulose and linseed gum solutions dissolved in the NaOH/urea aqueous system and cross-linked with epichlorohydrin 211:332 The linseed gum/cellulose composite hydrogels were successfully fabricated by mixing cellulose and linseed gum solutions dissolved in the NaOH/urea aqueous system and cross-linked with epichlorohydrin. 27987901 4 22 theme porous 768:773 arg1 structure 775:783 the porous structure 764:783 the porous structure 764:783 The results revealed that linseed gum mainly contributed to water adsorption, whereas the cellulose acted as a backbone to strengthen the porous structure. 27987901 1 23 theme gum/cellulose 145:157 arg1 hydrogels 169:177 The linseed gum/cellulose composite hydrogels 133:177 The linseed gum/cellulose composite hydrogels 133:177 The linseed gum/cellulose composite hydrogels were successfully fabricated by mixing cellulose and linseed gum solutions dissolved in the NaOH/urea aqueous system and cross-linked with epichlorohydrin. 27987901 1 24 theme mixing 211:216 arg1 cellulose 218:226 mixing cellulose 211:226 mixing cellulose 211:226 The linseed gum/cellulose composite hydrogels were successfully fabricated by mixing cellulose and linseed gum solutions dissolved in the NaOH/urea aqueous system and cross-linked with epichlorohydrin. 27987901 1 25 theme linseed 232:238 arg1 gum 240:242 linseed gum 232:242 linseed gum 232:242 The linseed gum/cellulose composite hydrogels were successfully fabricated by mixing cellulose and linseed gum solutions dissolved in the NaOH/urea aqueous system and cross-linked with epichlorohydrin. 27987901 2 26 theme X-ray 496:500 arg1 XRD 518:520 XRD 518:520 XRD 518:520 The morphology and structure of the composite hydrogels were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 27987901 2 26 theme X-ray 496:500 arg1 diffractometry 502:515 X-ray diffractometry 496:515 X-ray diffractometry (XRD) 496:521 The morphology and structure of the composite hydrogels were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 27987901 5 27 theme simple 807:812 arg1 way 814:816 a simple way 805:816 a simple way to prepare cellulose-based superabsorbent hydrogels, which could be potentially applied as an effective water conservation material in agriculture 805:963 This work provided a simple way to prepare cellulose-based superabsorbent hydrogels, which could be potentially applied as an effective water conservation material in agriculture. 27987901 1 28 dep solutions 244:252 arg1 cross-linked 300:311 cross-linked 300:311 cross-linked with epichlorohydrin 300:332 The linseed gum/cellulose composite hydrogels were successfully fabricated by mixing cellulose and linseed gum solutions dissolved in the NaOH/urea aqueous system and cross-linked with epichlorohydrin. 27987901 1 28 dep solutions 244:252 arg1 dissolved 254:262 dissolved 254:262 dissolved in the NaOH/urea aqueous system 254:294 The linseed gum/cellulose composite hydrogels were successfully fabricated by mixing cellulose and linseed gum solutions dissolved in the NaOH/urea aqueous system and cross-linked with epichlorohydrin. 27987901 5 29 theme superabsorbent 845:858 arg1 material 941:948 an effective water conservation material 909:948 an effective water conservation material in agriculture 909:963 This work provided a simple way to prepare cellulose-based superabsorbent hydrogels, which could be potentially applied as an effective water conservation material in agriculture. 27987901 5 29 theme superabsorbent 845:858 arg1 hydrogels 860:868 cellulose-based superabsorbent hydrogels 829:868 cellulose-based superabsorbent hydrogels 829:868 This work provided a simple way to prepare cellulose-based superabsorbent hydrogels, which could be potentially applied as an effective water conservation material in agriculture. 27987901 1 30 theme gum 240:242 arg1 solutions 244:252 mixing cellulose and linseed gum solutions 211:252 mixing cellulose and linseed gum solutions dissolved in the NaOH/urea aqueous system and cross-linked with epichlorohydrin 211:332 The linseed gum/cellulose composite hydrogels were successfully fabricated by mixing cellulose and linseed gum solutions dissolved in the NaOH/urea aqueous system and cross-linked with epichlorohydrin. 27987901 5 31 theme effective 912:920 arg1 material 941:948 an effective water conservation material 909:948 an effective water conservation material in agriculture 909:963 This work provided a simple way to prepare cellulose-based superabsorbent hydrogels, which could be potentially applied as an effective water conservation material in agriculture. 27987901 5 31 theme effective 912:920 arg1 hydrogels 860:868 cellulose-based superabsorbent hydrogels 829:868 cellulose-based superabsorbent hydrogels 829:868 This work provided a simple way to prepare cellulose-based superabsorbent hydrogels, which could be potentially applied as an effective water conservation material in agriculture. 27987901 2 32 dep transform 456:464 arg1 infrared 466:473 infrared 466:473 transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 456:558 The morphology and structure of the composite hydrogels were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 27987901 2 33 theme hydrogels 381:389 arg1 morphology 339:348 morphology 339:348 morphology 339:348 The morphology and structure of the composite hydrogels were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 27987901 2 33 theme hydrogels 381:389 arg1 structure 354:362 structure 354:362 structure 354:362 The morphology and structure of the composite hydrogels were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 27987901 2 34 dep Fourier 448:454 arg1 transform 456:464 transform 456:464 transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 456:558 The morphology and structure of the composite hydrogels were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 27987901 2 35 theme composite 371:379 arg1 hydrogels 381:389 the composite hydrogels 367:389 the composite hydrogels 367:389 The morphology and structure of the composite hydrogels were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 27987901 1 36 theme linseed 137:143 arg1 hydrogels 169:177 The linseed gum/cellulose composite hydrogels 133:177 The linseed gum/cellulose composite hydrogels 133:177 The linseed gum/cellulose composite hydrogels were successfully fabricated by mixing cellulose and linseed gum solutions dissolved in the NaOH/urea aqueous system and cross-linked with epichlorohydrin. 27987901 0 37 theme porous 55:60 arg1 fabrication 40:50 the fabrication 36:50 the fabrication of porous 36:60 A facile and efficient strategy for the fabrication of porous linseed gum/cellulose superabsorbent hydrogels for water conservation. 27987901 2 38 theme scanning 412:419 arg1 SEM 442:444 SEM 442:444 SEM 442:444 The morphology and structure of the composite hydrogels were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 27987901 2 38 theme scanning 412:419 arg1 Fourier 448:454 Fourier 448:454 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 448:558 The morphology and structure of the composite hydrogels were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 27987901 2 38 theme scanning 412:419 arg1 microscopy 430:439 scanning electron microscopy 412:439 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 412:445 The morphology and structure of the composite hydrogels were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 27987901 1 39 theme composite 159:167 arg1 hydrogels 169:177 The linseed gum/cellulose composite hydrogels 133:177 The linseed gum/cellulose composite hydrogels 133:177 The linseed gum/cellulose composite hydrogels were successfully fabricated by mixing cellulose and linseed gum solutions dissolved in the NaOH/urea aqueous system and cross-linked with epichlorohydrin. 26434522 5 0 theme maximum 721:727 arg1 g/L 808:810 36.17 g/L 802:810 36.17 g/L 802:810 The maximum production of pullulan at 96 h from the hydrolysate of potato starch was 36.17 g/L, which was higher than those obtained from glucose (22.07 g/L, p<0.05) and sucrose (31.42 g/L, p<0.05). 26434522 5 0 theme maximum 721:727 arg1 production 729:738 The maximum production 717:738 The maximum production of pullulan at 96 h from the hydrolysate of potato starch 717:796 The maximum production of pullulan at 96 h from the hydrolysate of potato starch was 36.17 g/L, which was higher than those obtained from glucose (22.07 g/L, p<0.05) and sucrose (31.42 g/L, p<0.05). 26434522 6 1 theme performance 937:947 arg1 chromatography 956:969 the high performance liquid chromatography 928:969 the high performance liquid chromatography of the hydrolysates of the pullulan product with pullulanase 928:1030 Analysis of the high performance liquid chromatography of the hydrolysates of the pullulan product with pullulanase indicated that the main composition is maltotriose, thus confirming the pullulan structure of this pullulan product. 26434522 3 2 theme hydrolysis 461:470 arg1 conditions 472:481 these optimum hydrolysis conditions 447:481 these optimum hydrolysis conditions 447:481 Under these optimum hydrolysis conditions, the DE value of the potato starch hydrolysates reached to 49.56. 26434522 0 3 theme new 64:66 arg1 strain 68:73 a new strain 62:73 a new strain of Auerobasidium pullulans 62:100 Production of pullulan from raw potato starch hydrolysates by a new strain of Auerobasidium pullulans. 26434522 4 4 with maltooligosaccharides 653:673 arg1 degree 680:685 degree 680:685 degree of polymerization ranged 4-7 680:714 The potato starch hydrolysates consist of glucose, maltose, isomaltose, maltotriose, and trace of other maltooligosaccharides with degree of polymerization ranged 4-7. 26434522 1 5 theme potato 139:144 arg1 starch 146:151 potato starch 139:151 potato starch with marine cold-adapted α-amylase and pullulan production from the hydrolysates 139:232 In the present study, hydrolysis of potato starch with marine cold-adapted α-amylase and pullulan production from the hydrolysates by a new strain of Auerobasidium pullulans isolated from sea mud were conducted. 26434522 1 6 theme new 239:241 arg1 strain 243:248 a new strain 237:248 a new strain of Auerobasidium pullulans isolated from sea mud 237:297 In the present study, hydrolysis of potato starch with marine cold-adapted α-amylase and pullulan production from the hydrolysates by a new strain of Auerobasidium pullulans isolated from sea mud were conducted. 26434522 0 7 theme Auerobasidium 78:90 arg1 pullulans 92:100 Auerobasidium pullulans 78:100 Auerobasidium pullulans 78:100 Production of pullulan from raw potato starch hydrolysates by a new strain of Auerobasidium pullulans. 26434522 5 8 dep glucose 855:861 arg1 p<0.05 875:880 p<0.05 875:880 p<0.05 875:880 The maximum production of pullulan at 96 h from the hydrolysate of potato starch was 36.17 g/L, which was higher than those obtained from glucose (22.07 g/L, p<0.05) and sucrose (31.42 g/L, p<0.05). 26434522 5 8 dep glucose 855:861 arg1 g/L 870:872 22.07 g/L 864:872 22.07 g/L 864:872 The maximum production of pullulan at 96 h from the hydrolysate of potato starch was 36.17 g/L, which was higher than those obtained from glucose (22.07 g/L, p<0.05) and sucrose (31.42 g/L, p<0.05). 26434522 6 9 theme high 932:935 arg1 chromatography 956:969 the high performance liquid chromatography 928:969 the high performance liquid chromatography of the hydrolysates of the pullulan product with pullulanase 928:1030 Analysis of the high performance liquid chromatography of the hydrolysates of the pullulan product with pullulanase indicated that the main composition is maltotriose, thus confirming the pullulan structure of this pullulan product. 26434522 4 10 theme polymerization 690:703 arg1 degree 680:685 degree 680:685 degree of polymerization ranged 4-7 680:714 The potato starch hydrolysates consist of glucose, maltose, isomaltose, maltotriose, and trace of other maltooligosaccharides with degree of polymerization ranged 4-7. 26434522 0 11 from hydrolysates 46:57 arg1 Production 0:9 Production 0:9 Production of pullulan from raw potato starch hydrolysates by a new strain of Auerobasidium pullulans. 0:101 Production of pullulan from raw potato starch hydrolysates by a new strain of Auerobasidium pullulans. 26434522 5 12 from hydrolysate 769:779 arg1 g/L 808:810 36.17 g/L 802:810 36.17 g/L 802:810 The maximum production of pullulan at 96 h from the hydrolysate of potato starch was 36.17 g/L, which was higher than those obtained from glucose (22.07 g/L, p<0.05) and sucrose (31.42 g/L, p<0.05). 26434522 5 12 from hydrolysate 769:779 arg1 production 729:738 The maximum production 717:738 The maximum production of pullulan at 96 h from the hydrolysate of potato starch 717:796 The maximum production of pullulan at 96 h from the hydrolysate of potato starch was 36.17 g/L, which was higher than those obtained from glucose (22.07 g/L, p<0.05) and sucrose (31.42 g/L, p<0.05). 26434522 1 13 from hydrolysis 125:134 arg1 hydrolysates 221:232 the hydrolysates 217:232 the hydrolysates 217:232 In the present study, hydrolysis of potato starch with marine cold-adapted α-amylase and pullulan production from the hydrolysates by a new strain of Auerobasidium pullulans isolated from sea mud were conducted. 26434522 2 14 dep follows 359:365 arg1 U/g 436:438 12 U/g 433:438 12 U/g 433:438 The hydrolysis conditions were optimized as follows: reaction time 2h, pH 6.5, temperature 20°C, and α-amylase amount 12 U/g. 26434522 2 15 theme reaction 368:375 arg1 2h 382:383 reaction time 2h 368:383 reaction time 2h 368:383 The hydrolysis conditions were optimized as follows: reaction time 2h, pH 6.5, temperature 20°C, and α-amylase amount 12 U/g. 26434522 2 15 theme reaction 368:375 arg1 conditions 330:339 The hydrolysis conditions 315:339 The hydrolysis conditions 315:339 The hydrolysis conditions were optimized as follows: reaction time 2h, pH 6.5, temperature 20°C, and α-amylase amount 12 U/g. 26434522 1 16 theme starch 146:151 arg1 hydrolysis 125:134 hydrolysis 125:134 hydrolysis of potato starch with marine cold-adapted α-amylase and pullulan production from the hydrolysates by a new strain of Auerobasidium pullulans isolated from sea mud 125:297 In the present study, hydrolysis of potato starch with marine cold-adapted α-amylase and pullulan production from the hydrolysates by a new strain of Auerobasidium pullulans isolated from sea mud were conducted. 26434522 0 17 theme pullulans 92:100 arg1 strain 68:73 a new strain 62:73 a new strain of Auerobasidium pullulans 62:100 Production of pullulan from raw potato starch hydrolysates by a new strain of Auerobasidium pullulans. 26434522 5 18 from h 758:758 arg1 g/L 808:810 36.17 g/L 802:810 36.17 g/L 802:810 The maximum production of pullulan at 96 h from the hydrolysate of potato starch was 36.17 g/L, which was higher than those obtained from glucose (22.07 g/L, p<0.05) and sucrose (31.42 g/L, p<0.05). 26434522 5 18 from h 758:758 arg1 pullulan 743:750 pullulan 743:750 pullulan at 96 h 743:758 The maximum production of pullulan at 96 h from the hydrolysate of potato starch was 36.17 g/L, which was higher than those obtained from glucose (22.07 g/L, p<0.05) and sucrose (31.42 g/L, p<0.05). 26434522 5 18 from h 758:758 arg1 production 729:738 The maximum production 717:738 The maximum production of pullulan at 96 h from the hydrolysate of potato starch 717:796 The maximum production of pullulan at 96 h from the hydrolysate of potato starch was 36.17 g/L, which was higher than those obtained from glucose (22.07 g/L, p<0.05) and sucrose (31.42 g/L, p<0.05). 26434522 1 19 attach isolated 277:284 arg1 mud 295:297 sea mud 291:297 sea mud 291:297 In the present study, hydrolysis of potato starch with marine cold-adapted α-amylase and pullulan production from the hydrolysates by a new strain of Auerobasidium pullulans isolated from sea mud were conducted. 26434522 1 19 attach isolated 277:284 arg2 pullulans 267:275 Auerobasidium pullulans 253:275 Auerobasidium pullulans isolated from sea mud 253:297 In the present study, hydrolysis of potato starch with marine cold-adapted α-amylase and pullulan production from the hydrolysates by a new strain of Auerobasidium pullulans isolated from sea mud were conducted. 26434522 2 20 theme time 377:380 arg1 2h 382:383 reaction time 2h 368:383 reaction time 2h 368:383 The hydrolysis conditions were optimized as follows: reaction time 2h, pH 6.5, temperature 20°C, and α-amylase amount 12 U/g. 26434522 2 20 theme time 377:380 arg1 conditions 330:339 The hydrolysis conditions 315:339 The hydrolysis conditions 315:339 The hydrolysis conditions were optimized as follows: reaction time 2h, pH 6.5, temperature 20°C, and α-amylase amount 12 U/g. 26434522 6 21 theme hydrolysates 978:989 arg1 chromatography 956:969 the high performance liquid chromatography 928:969 the high performance liquid chromatography of the hydrolysates of the pullulan product with pullulanase 928:1030 Analysis of the high performance liquid chromatography of the hydrolysates of the pullulan product with pullulanase indicated that the main composition is maltotriose, thus confirming the pullulan structure of this pullulan product. 26434522 3 22 theme hydrolysates 518:529 arg1 value 491:495 the DE value 484:495 the DE value of the potato starch hydrolysates 484:529 Under these optimum hydrolysis conditions, the DE value of the potato starch hydrolysates reached to 49.56. 26434522 1 23 theme marine 158:163 arg1 α-amylase 178:186 marine cold-adapted α-amylase 158:186 marine cold-adapted α-amylase 158:186 In the present study, hydrolysis of potato starch with marine cold-adapted α-amylase and pullulan production from the hydrolysates by a new strain of Auerobasidium pullulans isolated from sea mud were conducted. 26434522 1 24 theme Auerobasidium 253:265 arg1 pullulans 267:275 Auerobasidium pullulans 253:275 Auerobasidium pullulans isolated from sea mud 253:297 In the present study, hydrolysis of potato starch with marine cold-adapted α-amylase and pullulan production from the hydrolysates by a new strain of Auerobasidium pullulans isolated from sea mud were conducted. 26434522 1 25 theme cold-adapted 165:176 arg1 α-amylase 178:186 marine cold-adapted α-amylase 158:186 marine cold-adapted α-amylase 158:186 In the present study, hydrolysis of potato starch with marine cold-adapted α-amylase and pullulan production from the hydrolysates by a new strain of Auerobasidium pullulans isolated from sea mud were conducted. 26434522 1 26 theme pullulans 267:275 arg1 strain 243:248 a new strain 237:248 a new strain of Auerobasidium pullulans isolated from sea mud 237:297 In the present study, hydrolysis of potato starch with marine cold-adapted α-amylase and pullulan production from the hydrolysates by a new strain of Auerobasidium pullulans isolated from sea mud were conducted. 26434522 3 27 theme potato 504:509 arg1 hydrolysates 518:529 the potato starch hydrolysates 500:529 the potato starch hydrolysates 500:529 Under these optimum hydrolysis conditions, the DE value of the potato starch hydrolysates reached to 49.56. 26434522 6 28 theme liquid 949:954 arg1 chromatography 956:969 the high performance liquid chromatography 928:969 the high performance liquid chromatography of the hydrolysates of the pullulan product with pullulanase 928:1030 Analysis of the high performance liquid chromatography of the hydrolysates of the pullulan product with pullulanase indicated that the main composition is maltotriose, thus confirming the pullulan structure of this pullulan product. 26434522 0 29 theme pullulan 14:21 arg1 Production 0:9 Production 0:9 Production of pullulan from raw potato starch hydrolysates by a new strain of Auerobasidium pullulans. 0:101 Production of pullulan from raw potato starch hydrolysates by a new strain of Auerobasidium pullulans. 26434522 3 30 theme DE 488:489 arg1 value 491:495 the DE value 484:495 the DE value of the potato starch hydrolysates 484:529 Under these optimum hydrolysis conditions, the DE value of the potato starch hydrolysates reached to 49.56. 26434522 3 31 theme starch 511:516 arg1 hydrolysates 518:529 the potato starch hydrolysates 500:529 the potato starch hydrolysates 500:529 Under these optimum hydrolysis conditions, the DE value of the potato starch hydrolysates reached to 49.56. 26434522 5 32 theme potato 784:789 arg1 starch 791:796 potato starch 784:796 potato starch 784:796 The maximum production of pullulan at 96 h from the hydrolysate of potato starch was 36.17 g/L, which was higher than those obtained from glucose (22.07 g/L, p<0.05) and sucrose (31.42 g/L, p<0.05). 26434522 0 33 theme potato 32:37 arg1 hydrolysates 46:57 raw potato starch hydrolysates 28:57 raw potato starch hydrolysates 28:57 Production of pullulan from raw potato starch hydrolysates by a new strain of Auerobasidium pullulans. 26434522 3 34 theme optimum 453:459 arg1 conditions 472:481 these optimum hydrolysis conditions 447:481 these optimum hydrolysis conditions 447:481 Under these optimum hydrolysis conditions, the DE value of the potato starch hydrolysates reached to 49.56. 26434522 5 35 theme starch 791:796 arg1 hydrolysate 769:779 the hydrolysate 765:779 the hydrolysate of potato starch 765:796 The maximum production of pullulan at 96 h from the hydrolysate of potato starch was 36.17 g/L, which was higher than those obtained from glucose (22.07 g/L, p<0.05) and sucrose (31.42 g/L, p<0.05). 26434522 6 36 theme chromatography 956:969 arg1 Analysis 916:923 Analysis 916:923 Analysis of the high performance liquid chromatography of the hydrolysates of the pullulan product with pullulanase 916:1030 Analysis of the high performance liquid chromatography of the hydrolysates of the pullulan product with pullulanase indicated that the main composition is maltotriose, thus confirming the pullulan structure of this pullulan product. 26434522 1 37 theme pullulan 192:199 arg1 production 201:210 pullulan production 192:210 pullulan production 192:210 In the present study, hydrolysis of potato starch with marine cold-adapted α-amylase and pullulan production from the hydrolysates by a new strain of Auerobasidium pullulans isolated from sea mud were conducted. 26434522 0 38 theme raw 28:30 arg1 hydrolysates 46:57 raw potato starch hydrolysates 28:57 raw potato starch hydrolysates 28:57 Production of pullulan from raw potato starch hydrolysates by a new strain of Auerobasidium pullulans. 26434522 1 39 theme sea 291:293 arg1 mud 295:297 sea mud 291:297 sea mud 291:297 In the present study, hydrolysis of potato starch with marine cold-adapted α-amylase and pullulan production from the hydrolysates by a new strain of Auerobasidium pullulans isolated from sea mud were conducted. 26434522 5 40 theme pullulan 743:750 arg1 g/L 808:810 36.17 g/L 802:810 36.17 g/L 802:810 The maximum production of pullulan at 96 h from the hydrolysate of potato starch was 36.17 g/L, which was higher than those obtained from glucose (22.07 g/L, p<0.05) and sucrose (31.42 g/L, p<0.05). 26434522 5 40 theme pullulan 743:750 arg1 production 729:738 The maximum production 717:738 The maximum production of pullulan at 96 h from the hydrolysate of potato starch 717:796 The maximum production of pullulan at 96 h from the hydrolysate of potato starch was 36.17 g/L, which was higher than those obtained from glucose (22.07 g/L, p<0.05) and sucrose (31.42 g/L, p<0.05). 26434522 6 41 theme product 1140:1146 arg1 structure 1113:1121 the pullulan structure 1100:1121 the pullulan structure of this pullulan product 1100:1146 Analysis of the high performance liquid chromatography of the hydrolysates of the pullulan product with pullulanase indicated that the main composition is maltotriose, thus confirming the pullulan structure of this pullulan product. 26434522 1 42 from hydrolysates 221:232 arg1 hydrolysis 125:134 hydrolysis 125:134 hydrolysis of potato starch with marine cold-adapted α-amylase and pullulan production from the hydrolysates by a new strain of Auerobasidium pullulans isolated from sea mud 125:297 In the present study, hydrolysis of potato starch with marine cold-adapted α-amylase and pullulan production from the hydrolysates by a new strain of Auerobasidium pullulans isolated from sea mud were conducted. 26434522 1 42 from hydrolysates 221:232 arg1 starch 146:151 potato starch 139:151 potato starch with marine cold-adapted α-amylase and pullulan production from the hydrolysates 139:232 In the present study, hydrolysis of potato starch with marine cold-adapted α-amylase and pullulan production from the hydrolysates by a new strain of Auerobasidium pullulans isolated from sea mud were conducted. 26434522 6 43 theme pullulan 1131:1138 arg1 product 1140:1146 this pullulan product 1126:1146 this pullulan product 1126:1146 Analysis of the high performance liquid chromatography of the hydrolysates of the pullulan product with pullulanase indicated that the main composition is maltotriose, thus confirming the pullulan structure of this pullulan product. 26434522 6 44 with product 1007:1013 arg1 pullulanase 1020:1030 pullulanase 1020:1030 pullulanase 1020:1030 Analysis of the high performance liquid chromatography of the hydrolysates of the pullulan product with pullulanase indicated that the main composition is maltotriose, thus confirming the pullulan structure of this pullulan product. 26434522 4 45 theme maltooligosaccharides 653:673 arg1 trace 638:642 trace 638:642 trace 638:642 The potato starch hydrolysates consist of glucose, maltose, isomaltose, maltotriose, and trace of other maltooligosaccharides with degree of polymerization ranged 4-7. 26434522 4 45 theme maltooligosaccharides 653:673 arg1 isomaltose 609:618 isomaltose 609:618 isomaltose 609:618 The potato starch hydrolysates consist of glucose, maltose, isomaltose, maltotriose, and trace of other maltooligosaccharides with degree of polymerization ranged 4-7. 26434522 4 45 theme maltooligosaccharides 653:673 arg1 maltose 600:606 maltose 600:606 maltose 600:606 The potato starch hydrolysates consist of glucose, maltose, isomaltose, maltotriose, and trace of other maltooligosaccharides with degree of polymerization ranged 4-7. 26434522 4 45 theme maltooligosaccharides 653:673 arg1 glucose 591:597 glucose 591:597 glucose 591:597 The potato starch hydrolysates consist of glucose, maltose, isomaltose, maltotriose, and trace of other maltooligosaccharides with degree of polymerization ranged 4-7. 26434522 4 45 theme maltooligosaccharides 653:673 arg1 maltotriose 621:631 maltotriose 621:631 maltotriose 621:631 The potato starch hydrolysates consist of glucose, maltose, isomaltose, maltotriose, and trace of other maltooligosaccharides with degree of polymerization ranged 4-7. 26434522 0 46 theme starch 39:44 arg1 hydrolysates 46:57 raw potato starch hydrolysates 28:57 raw potato starch hydrolysates 28:57 Production of pullulan from raw potato starch hydrolysates by a new strain of Auerobasidium pullulans. 26434522 2 47 theme α-amylase 416:424 arg1 amount 426:431 α-amylase amount 416:431 α-amylase amount 416:431 The hydrolysis conditions were optimized as follows: reaction time 2h, pH 6.5, temperature 20°C, and α-amylase amount 12 U/g. 26434522 2 47 theme α-amylase 416:424 arg1 conditions 330:339 The hydrolysis conditions 315:339 The hydrolysis conditions 315:339 The hydrolysis conditions were optimized as follows: reaction time 2h, pH 6.5, temperature 20°C, and α-amylase amount 12 U/g. 26434522 5 48 dep g/L 808:810 arg1 higher 823:828 higher 823:828 higher 823:828 The maximum production of pullulan at 96 h from the hydrolysate of potato starch was 36.17 g/L, which was higher than those obtained from glucose (22.07 g/L, p<0.05) and sucrose (31.42 g/L, p<0.05). 26434522 5 49 dep sucrose 887:893 arg1 p<0.05 907:912 p<0.05 907:912 p<0.05 907:912 The maximum production of pullulan at 96 h from the hydrolysate of potato starch was 36.17 g/L, which was higher than those obtained from glucose (22.07 g/L, p<0.05) and sucrose (31.42 g/L, p<0.05). 26434522 5 49 dep sucrose 887:893 arg1 g/L 902:904 31.42 g/L 896:904 31.42 g/L 896:904 The maximum production of pullulan at 96 h from the hydrolysate of potato starch was 36.17 g/L, which was higher than those obtained from glucose (22.07 g/L, p<0.05) and sucrose (31.42 g/L, p<0.05). 26434522 2 50 theme hydrolysis 319:328 arg1 2h 382:383 reaction time 2h 368:383 reaction time 2h 368:383 The hydrolysis conditions were optimized as follows: reaction time 2h, pH 6.5, temperature 20°C, and α-amylase amount 12 U/g. 26434522 2 50 theme hydrolysis 319:328 arg1 20°C 406:409 temperature 20°C 394:409 temperature 20°C 394:409 The hydrolysis conditions were optimized as follows: reaction time 2h, pH 6.5, temperature 20°C, and α-amylase amount 12 U/g. 26434522 2 50 theme hydrolysis 319:328 arg1 follows 359:365 follows 359:365 follows 359:365 The hydrolysis conditions were optimized as follows: reaction time 2h, pH 6.5, temperature 20°C, and α-amylase amount 12 U/g. 26434522 2 50 theme hydrolysis 319:328 arg1 pH 386:387 pH 6.5 386:391 pH 6.5 386:391 The hydrolysis conditions were optimized as follows: reaction time 2h, pH 6.5, temperature 20°C, and α-amylase amount 12 U/g. 26434522 2 50 theme hydrolysis 319:328 arg1 amount 426:431 α-amylase amount 416:431 α-amylase amount 416:431 The hydrolysis conditions were optimized as follows: reaction time 2h, pH 6.5, temperature 20°C, and α-amylase amount 12 U/g. 26434522 2 50 theme hydrolysis 319:328 arg1 conditions 330:339 The hydrolysis conditions 315:339 The hydrolysis conditions 315:339 The hydrolysis conditions were optimized as follows: reaction time 2h, pH 6.5, temperature 20°C, and α-amylase amount 12 U/g. 26434522 1 51 with starch 146:151 arg1 α-amylase 178:186 marine cold-adapted α-amylase 158:186 marine cold-adapted α-amylase 158:186 In the present study, hydrolysis of potato starch with marine cold-adapted α-amylase and pullulan production from the hydrolysates by a new strain of Auerobasidium pullulans isolated from sea mud were conducted. 26434522 1 51 with starch 146:151 arg1 production 201:210 pullulan production 192:210 pullulan production 192:210 In the present study, hydrolysis of potato starch with marine cold-adapted α-amylase and pullulan production from the hydrolysates by a new strain of Auerobasidium pullulans isolated from sea mud were conducted. 26434522 5 52 from production 729:738 arg1 h 758:758 96 h 755:758 96 h 755:758 The maximum production of pullulan at 96 h from the hydrolysate of potato starch was 36.17 g/L, which was higher than those obtained from glucose (22.07 g/L, p<0.05) and sucrose (31.42 g/L, p<0.05). 26434522 1 53 theme present 110:116 arg1 study 118:122 the present study 106:122 the present study 106:122 In the present study, hydrolysis of potato starch with marine cold-adapted α-amylase and pullulan production from the hydrolysates by a new strain of Auerobasidium pullulans isolated from sea mud were conducted. 26434522 6 54 theme main 1051:1054 arg1 composition 1056:1066 the main composition 1047:1066 the main composition 1047:1066 Analysis of the high performance liquid chromatography of the hydrolysates of the pullulan product with pullulanase indicated that the main composition is maltotriose, thus confirming the pullulan structure of this pullulan product. 26434522 6 54 theme main 1051:1054 arg1 maltotriose 1071:1081 maltotriose 1071:1081 maltotriose 1071:1081 Analysis of the high performance liquid chromatography of the hydrolysates of the pullulan product with pullulanase indicated that the main composition is maltotriose, thus confirming the pullulan structure of this pullulan product. 26434522 4 55 theme starch 560:565 arg1 hydrolysates 567:578 The potato starch hydrolysates 549:578 The potato starch hydrolysates 549:578 The potato starch hydrolysates consist of glucose, maltose, isomaltose, maltotriose, and trace of other maltooligosaccharides with degree of polymerization ranged 4-7. 26434522 4 56 theme potato 553:558 arg1 hydrolysates 567:578 The potato starch hydrolysates 549:578 The potato starch hydrolysates 549:578 The potato starch hydrolysates consist of glucose, maltose, isomaltose, maltotriose, and trace of other maltooligosaccharides with degree of polymerization ranged 4-7. 26434522 6 57 theme pullulan 1104:1111 arg1 structure 1113:1121 the pullulan structure 1100:1121 the pullulan structure of this pullulan product 1100:1146 Analysis of the high performance liquid chromatography of the hydrolysates of the pullulan product with pullulanase indicated that the main composition is maltotriose, thus confirming the pullulan structure of this pullulan product. 26434522 6 58 theme product 1007:1013 arg1 hydrolysates 978:989 the hydrolysates 974:989 the hydrolysates of the pullulan product with pullulanase 974:1030 Analysis of the high performance liquid chromatography of the hydrolysates of the pullulan product with pullulanase indicated that the main composition is maltotriose, thus confirming the pullulan structure of this pullulan product. 26434522 2 59 theme temperature 394:404 arg1 conditions 330:339 The hydrolysis conditions 315:339 The hydrolysis conditions 315:339 The hydrolysis conditions were optimized as follows: reaction time 2h, pH 6.5, temperature 20°C, and α-amylase amount 12 U/g. 26434522 2 59 theme temperature 394:404 arg1 20°C 406:409 temperature 20°C 394:409 temperature 20°C 394:409 The hydrolysis conditions were optimized as follows: reaction time 2h, pH 6.5, temperature 20°C, and α-amylase amount 12 U/g. 26434522 6 60 theme pullulan 998:1005 arg1 product 1007:1013 the pullulan product 994:1013 the pullulan product with pullulanase 994:1030 Analysis of the high performance liquid chromatography of the hydrolysates of the pullulan product with pullulanase indicated that the main composition is maltotriose, thus confirming the pullulan structure of this pullulan product. 26434522 4 61 theme other 647:651 arg1 maltooligosaccharides 653:673 other maltooligosaccharides 647:673 other maltooligosaccharides with degree of polymerization ranged 4-7 647:714 The potato starch hydrolysates consist of glucose, maltose, isomaltose, maltotriose, and trace of other maltooligosaccharides with degree of polymerization ranged 4-7. 27645471 3 0 theme % 604:604 arg1 MPB 606:608 1% MPB 603:608 1% MPB 603:608 No cell death was observed when human oral keratinocyte (HOK) and fibroblast (HOrF) cells were exposed to 1% MPB for 24 h. Epithelial cells in a 3D buccal tissue model (EpiOral) were unaffected when exposed to 50% MPB for 20 h whereas 1% Triton X-100 killed 93% cells after 4.5 h. 27645471 5 1 theme 8/9 1025:1027 arg1 CASPASES 1016:1023 CASPASES 8/9, upregulation of pro-apoptosis NOXA protein, and downregulation of anti-apoptosis XIAP protein 1016:1122 CASPASES 8/9, upregulation of pro-apoptosis NOXA protein, and downregulation of anti-apoptosis XIAP protein 1016:1122 Markers of apoptosis such as cleavage of CASPASES 8/9, upregulation of pro-apoptosis NOXA protein, and downregulation of anti-apoptosis XIAP protein were observed in Triton X-100-treated cells but not in cells exposed to MPB. 27645471 5 1 theme 8/9 1025:1027 arg1 upregulation 1030:1041 upregulation 1030:1041 upregulation of pro-apoptosis NOXA protein 1030:1071 Markers of apoptosis such as cleavage of CASPASES 8/9, upregulation of pro-apoptosis NOXA protein, and downregulation of anti-apoptosis XIAP protein were observed in Triton X-100-treated cells but not in cells exposed to MPB. 27645471 3 2 theme cell 500:503 arg1 death 505:509 No cell death 497:509 No cell death 497:509 No cell death was observed when human oral keratinocyte (HOK) and fibroblast (HOrF) cells were exposed to 1% MPB for 24 h. Epithelial cells in a 3D buccal tissue model (EpiOral) were unaffected when exposed to 50% MPB for 20 h whereas 1% Triton X-100 killed 93% cells after 4.5 h. 27645471 8 3 theme oral 1499:1502 arg1 mucosa 1504:1509 the oral mucosa 1495:1509 the oral mucosa 1495:1509 We conclude that MPB can safely deliver API within the oral mucosa, facilitate cell migration, and may increase drug efficacy through its strong mucoadhesive property. 27645471 3 4 theme Epithelial 620:629 arg1 cells 631:635 Epithelial cells 620:635 Epithelial cells in a 3D buccal tissue model (EpiOral) 620:673 No cell death was observed when human oral keratinocyte (HOK) and fibroblast (HOrF) cells were exposed to 1% MPB for 24 h. Epithelial cells in a 3D buccal tissue model (EpiOral) were unaffected when exposed to 50% MPB for 20 h whereas 1% Triton X-100 killed 93% cells after 4.5 h. 27645471 1 5 theme pharmaceutical 147:160 arg1 ingredients 162:172 active pharmaceutical ingredients 140:172 active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) 140:178 The efficacy of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) in compounded medications for oral mucosa greatly depends on the composition of the base. 27645471 1 5 theme pharmaceutical 147:160 arg1 API 175:177 API 175:177 API 175:177 The efficacy of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) in compounded medications for oral mucosa greatly depends on the composition of the base. 27645471 3 6 from cells 631:635 arg1 EpiOral 666:672 EpiOral 666:672 EpiOral 666:672 No cell death was observed when human oral keratinocyte (HOK) and fibroblast (HOrF) cells were exposed to 1% MPB for 24 h. Epithelial cells in a 3D buccal tissue model (EpiOral) were unaffected when exposed to 50% MPB for 20 h whereas 1% Triton X-100 killed 93% cells after 4.5 h. 27645471 3 6 from cells 631:635 arg1 model 659:663 a 3D buccal tissue model 640:663 a 3D buccal tissue model (EpiOral) 640:673 No cell death was observed when human oral keratinocyte (HOK) and fibroblast (HOrF) cells were exposed to 1% MPB for 24 h. Epithelial cells in a 3D buccal tissue model (EpiOral) were unaffected when exposed to 50% MPB for 20 h whereas 1% Triton X-100 killed 93% cells after 4.5 h. 27645471 3 7 theme tissue 652:657 arg1 EpiOral 666:672 EpiOral 666:672 EpiOral 666:672 No cell death was observed when human oral keratinocyte (HOK) and fibroblast (HOrF) cells were exposed to 1% MPB for 24 h. Epithelial cells in a 3D buccal tissue model (EpiOral) were unaffected when exposed to 50% MPB for 20 h whereas 1% Triton X-100 killed 93% cells after 4.5 h. 27645471 3 7 theme tissue 652:657 arg1 model 659:663 a 3D buccal tissue model 640:663 a 3D buccal tissue model (EpiOral) 640:673 No cell death was observed when human oral keratinocyte (HOK) and fibroblast (HOrF) cells were exposed to 1% MPB for 24 h. Epithelial cells in a 3D buccal tissue model (EpiOral) were unaffected when exposed to 50% MPB for 20 h whereas 1% Triton X-100 killed 93% cells after 4.5 h. 27645471 8 8 theme cell 1523:1526 arg1 migration 1528:1536 cell migration 1523:1536 cell migration 1523:1536 We conclude that MPB can safely deliver API within the oral mucosa, facilitate cell migration, and may increase drug efficacy through its strong mucoadhesive property. 27645471 3 9 theme 3D 642:643 arg1 EpiOral 666:672 EpiOral 666:672 EpiOral 666:672 No cell death was observed when human oral keratinocyte (HOK) and fibroblast (HOrF) cells were exposed to 1% MPB for 24 h. Epithelial cells in a 3D buccal tissue model (EpiOral) were unaffected when exposed to 50% MPB for 20 h whereas 1% Triton X-100 killed 93% cells after 4.5 h. 27645471 3 9 theme 3D 642:643 arg1 model 659:663 a 3D buccal tissue model 640:663 a 3D buccal tissue model (EpiOral) 640:673 No cell death was observed when human oral keratinocyte (HOK) and fibroblast (HOrF) cells were exposed to 1% MPB for 24 h. Epithelial cells in a 3D buccal tissue model (EpiOral) were unaffected when exposed to 50% MPB for 20 h whereas 1% Triton X-100 killed 93% cells after 4.5 h. 27645471 0 10 from Properties 59:68 arg1 Mucosa 116:121 Human Oral Mucosa 105:121 Human Oral Mucosa 105:121 Evaluation of the Safety, Cell Migration, and Mucoadhesive Properties of a Mucoadhesive Polymer Blend in Human Oral Mucosa. 27645471 4 11 dep cytokines 797:805 arg1 PCNA 852:855 PCNA 852:855 PCNA 852:855 The expressions of cytokines IL1α and IL1β and cell proliferation markers PCNA, CYCLIN A, and CYCLIN D1 in EpiOral tissue did not increase suggesting that MPB is neither an irritant nor a mitogen. 27645471 4 11 dep cytokines 797:805 arg1 A 865:865 CYCLIN A 858:865 CYCLIN A 858:865 The expressions of cytokines IL1α and IL1β and cell proliferation markers PCNA, CYCLIN A, and CYCLIN D1 in EpiOral tissue did not increase suggesting that MPB is neither an irritant nor a mitogen. 27645471 4 11 dep cytokines 797:805 arg1 cytokines 797:805 cytokines IL1α and IL1β 797:819 cytokines 797:805 The expressions of cytokines IL1α and IL1β and cell proliferation markers PCNA, CYCLIN A, and CYCLIN D1 in EpiOral tissue did not increase suggesting that MPB is neither an irritant nor a mitogen. 27645471 4 11 dep cytokines 797:805 arg1 D1 879:880 CYCLIN D1 872:880 CYCLIN D1 872:880 The expressions of cytokines IL1α and IL1β and cell proliferation markers PCNA, CYCLIN A, and CYCLIN D1 in EpiOral tissue did not increase suggesting that MPB is neither an irritant nor a mitogen. 27645471 1 12 theme compounded 183:192 arg1 medications 194:204 compounded medications 183:204 compounded medications for oral mucosa 183:220 The efficacy of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) in compounded medications for oral mucosa greatly depends on the composition of the base. 27645471 8 13 theme drug 1556:1559 arg1 efficacy 1561:1568 drug efficacy 1556:1568 drug efficacy 1556:1568 We conclude that MPB can safely deliver API within the oral mucosa, facilitate cell migration, and may increase drug efficacy through its strong mucoadhesive property. 27645471 3 14 theme 1 732:732 arg1 % 733:733 % 733:733 % 733:733 No cell death was observed when human oral keratinocyte (HOK) and fibroblast (HOrF) cells were exposed to 1% MPB for 24 h. Epithelial cells in a 3D buccal tissue model (EpiOral) were unaffected when exposed to 50% MPB for 20 h whereas 1% Triton X-100 killed 93% cells after 4.5 h. 27645471 5 15 theme XIAP 1111:1114 arg1 protein 1116:1122 anti-apoptosis XIAP protein 1096:1122 anti-apoptosis XIAP protein 1096:1122 Markers of apoptosis such as cleavage of CASPASES 8/9, upregulation of pro-apoptosis NOXA protein, and downregulation of anti-apoptosis XIAP protein were observed in Triton X-100-treated cells but not in cells exposed to MPB. 27645471 3 16 theme fibroblast 563:572 arg1 cells 581:585 human oral keratinocyte (HOK) and fibroblast (HOrF) cells 529:585 cells 581:585 No cell death was observed when human oral keratinocyte (HOK) and fibroblast (HOrF) cells were exposed to 1% MPB for 24 h. Epithelial cells in a 3D buccal tissue model (EpiOral) were unaffected when exposed to 50% MPB for 20 h whereas 1% Triton X-100 killed 93% cells after 4.5 h. 27645471 3 16 theme fibroblast 563:572 arg1 HOrF 575:578 HOrF 575:578 HOrF 575:578 No cell death was observed when human oral keratinocyte (HOK) and fibroblast (HOrF) cells were exposed to 1% MPB for 24 h. Epithelial cells in a 3D buccal tissue model (EpiOral) were unaffected when exposed to 50% MPB for 20 h whereas 1% Triton X-100 killed 93% cells after 4.5 h. 27645471 7 17 theme tissue 1396:1401 arg1 model 1403:1407 the human EpiOral tissue model 1378:1407 the human EpiOral tissue model 1378:1407 Moreover, MPB showed stronger mucoadhesion on the human EpiOral tissue model compared with a reference product. 27645471 2 18 theme indica 450:455 arg1 polymer 394:400 a newly developed mucoadhesive polymer 363:400 a newly developed mucoadhesive polymer blend (MPB) which contains pullulan 363:436 Here, we assessed the safety, facilitation of cell migration, and mucoadhesive properties of a newly developed mucoadhesive polymer blend (MPB) which contains pullulan, tamarindus indica polysaccharide, and sodium hyaluronate. 27645471 2 18 theme indica 450:455 arg1 polysaccharide 457:470 tamarindus indica polysaccharide 439:470 tamarindus indica polysaccharide 439:470 Here, we assessed the safety, facilitation of cell migration, and mucoadhesive properties of a newly developed mucoadhesive polymer blend (MPB) which contains pullulan, tamarindus indica polysaccharide, and sodium hyaluronate. 27645471 4 19 theme CYCLIN 872:877 arg1 cytokines 797:805 cytokines IL1α and IL1β 797:819 cytokines 797:805 The expressions of cytokines IL1α and IL1β and cell proliferation markers PCNA, CYCLIN A, and CYCLIN D1 in EpiOral tissue did not increase suggesting that MPB is neither an irritant nor a mitogen. 27645471 4 19 theme CYCLIN 872:877 arg1 D1 879:880 CYCLIN D1 872:880 CYCLIN D1 872:880 The expressions of cytokines IL1α and IL1β and cell proliferation markers PCNA, CYCLIN A, and CYCLIN D1 in EpiOral tissue did not increase suggesting that MPB is neither an irritant nor a mitogen. 27645471 8 20 theme strong 1582:1587 arg1 property 1602:1609 its strong mucoadhesive property 1578:1609 its strong mucoadhesive property 1578:1609 We conclude that MPB can safely deliver API within the oral mucosa, facilitate cell migration, and may increase drug efficacy through its strong mucoadhesive property. 27645471 7 21 theme human 1382:1386 arg1 model 1403:1407 the human EpiOral tissue model 1378:1407 the human EpiOral tissue model 1378:1407 Moreover, MPB showed stronger mucoadhesion on the human EpiOral tissue model compared with a reference product. 27645471 4 22 theme markers 844:850 arg1 expressions 782:792 The expressions 778:792 The expressions of cytokines IL1α and IL1β and cell proliferation markers PCNA, CYCLIN A, and CYCLIN D1 in EpiOral tissue 778:898 The expressions of cytokines IL1α and IL1β and cell proliferation markers PCNA, CYCLIN A, and CYCLIN D1 in EpiOral tissue did not increase suggesting that MPB is neither an irritant nor a mitogen. 27645471 0 23 theme Properties 59:68 arg1 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation of the Safety, Cell Migration, and Mucoadhesive Properties of a Mucoadhesive Polymer Blend in Human Oral Mucosa. 0:122 Evaluation of the Safety, Cell Migration, and Mucoadhesive Properties of a Mucoadhesive Polymer Blend in Human Oral Mucosa. 27645471 1 24 from efficacy 128:135 arg1 medications 194:204 compounded medications 183:204 compounded medications for oral mucosa 183:220 The efficacy of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) in compounded medications for oral mucosa greatly depends on the composition of the base. 27645471 3 25 theme Triton 735:740 arg1 X-100 742:746 1% Triton X-100 732:746 1% Triton X-100 732:746 No cell death was observed when human oral keratinocyte (HOK) and fibroblast (HOrF) cells were exposed to 1% MPB for 24 h. Epithelial cells in a 3D buccal tissue model (EpiOral) were unaffected when exposed to 50% MPB for 20 h whereas 1% Triton X-100 killed 93% cells after 4.5 h. 27645471 2 26 theme sodium 477:482 arg1 hyaluronate 484:494 sodium hyaluronate 477:494 sodium hyaluronate 477:494 Here, we assessed the safety, facilitation of cell migration, and mucoadhesive properties of a newly developed mucoadhesive polymer blend (MPB) which contains pullulan, tamarindus indica polysaccharide, and sodium hyaluronate. 27645471 3 27 theme 50 707:708 arg1 % 709:709 % 709:709 % 709:709 No cell death was observed when human oral keratinocyte (HOK) and fibroblast (HOrF) cells were exposed to 1% MPB for 24 h. Epithelial cells in a 3D buccal tissue model (EpiOral) were unaffected when exposed to 50% MPB for 20 h whereas 1% Triton X-100 killed 93% cells after 4.5 h. 27645471 7 28 theme stronger 1353:1360 arg1 mucoadhesion 1362:1373 stronger mucoadhesion 1353:1373 stronger mucoadhesion 1353:1373 Moreover, MPB showed stronger mucoadhesion on the human EpiOral tissue model compared with a reference product. 27645471 4 29 theme IL1β 816:819 arg1 expressions 782:792 The expressions 778:792 The expressions of cytokines IL1α and IL1β and cell proliferation markers PCNA, CYCLIN A, and CYCLIN D1 in EpiOral tissue 778:898 The expressions of cytokines IL1α and IL1β and cell proliferation markers PCNA, CYCLIN A, and CYCLIN D1 in EpiOral tissue did not increase suggesting that MPB is neither an irritant nor a mitogen. 27645471 0 30 from Migration 31:39 arg1 Mucosa 116:121 Human Oral Mucosa 105:121 Human Oral Mucosa 105:121 Evaluation of the Safety, Cell Migration, and Mucoadhesive Properties of a Mucoadhesive Polymer Blend in Human Oral Mucosa. 27645471 0 31 theme Polymer 88:94 arg1 Blend 96:100 a Mucoadhesive Polymer Blend 73:100 a Mucoadhesive Polymer Blend in Human Oral Mucosa 73:121 Evaluation of the Safety, Cell Migration, and Mucoadhesive Properties of a Mucoadhesive Polymer Blend in Human Oral Mucosa. 27645471 0 32 theme Cell 26:29 arg1 Migration 31:39 Cell Migration 26:39 Cell Migration 26:39 Evaluation of the Safety, Cell Migration, and Mucoadhesive Properties of a Mucoadhesive Polymer Blend in Human Oral Mucosa. 27645471 3 33 theme % 757:757 arg1 cells 759:763 93% cells 755:763 93% cells 755:763 No cell death was observed when human oral keratinocyte (HOK) and fibroblast (HOrF) cells were exposed to 1% MPB for 24 h. Epithelial cells in a 3D buccal tissue model (EpiOral) were unaffected when exposed to 50% MPB for 20 h whereas 1% Triton X-100 killed 93% cells after 4.5 h. 27645471 1 34 theme base 264:267 arg1 composition 245:255 the composition 241:255 the composition of the base 241:267 The efficacy of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) in compounded medications for oral mucosa greatly depends on the composition of the base. 27645471 4 35 theme cell 825:828 arg1 markers 844:850 cell proliferation markers 825:850 cell proliferation markers 825:850 The expressions of cytokines IL1α and IL1β and cell proliferation markers PCNA, CYCLIN A, and CYCLIN D1 in EpiOral tissue did not increase suggesting that MPB is neither an irritant nor a mitogen. 27645471 2 36 theme polymer 394:400 arg1 safety 292:297 the safety 288:297 the safety 288:297 Here, we assessed the safety, facilitation of cell migration, and mucoadhesive properties of a newly developed mucoadhesive polymer blend (MPB) which contains pullulan, tamarindus indica polysaccharide, and sodium hyaluronate. 27645471 2 36 theme polymer 394:400 arg1 hyaluronate 484:494 sodium hyaluronate 477:494 sodium hyaluronate 477:494 Here, we assessed the safety, facilitation of cell migration, and mucoadhesive properties of a newly developed mucoadhesive polymer blend (MPB) which contains pullulan, tamarindus indica polysaccharide, and sodium hyaluronate. 27645471 2 36 theme polymer 394:400 arg1 properties 349:358 mucoadhesive properties 336:358 mucoadhesive properties of a newly developed mucoadhesive polymer blend (MPB) which contains pullulan, tamarindus indica polysaccharide, 336:471 Here, we assessed the safety, facilitation of cell migration, and mucoadhesive properties of a newly developed mucoadhesive polymer blend (MPB) which contains pullulan, tamarindus indica polysaccharide, and sodium hyaluronate. 27645471 2 36 theme polymer 394:400 arg1 facilitation 300:311 facilitation 300:311 facilitation of cell migration 300:329 Here, we assessed the safety, facilitation of cell migration, and mucoadhesive properties of a newly developed mucoadhesive polymer blend (MPB) which contains pullulan, tamarindus indica polysaccharide, and sodium hyaluronate. 27645471 2 37 theme developed 371:379 arg1 polymer 394:400 a newly developed mucoadhesive polymer 363:400 a newly developed mucoadhesive polymer blend (MPB) which contains pullulan 363:436 Here, we assessed the safety, facilitation of cell migration, and mucoadhesive properties of a newly developed mucoadhesive polymer blend (MPB) which contains pullulan, tamarindus indica polysaccharide, and sodium hyaluronate. 27645471 2 37 theme developed 371:379 arg1 polysaccharide 457:470 tamarindus indica polysaccharide 439:470 tamarindus indica polysaccharide 439:470 Here, we assessed the safety, facilitation of cell migration, and mucoadhesive properties of a newly developed mucoadhesive polymer blend (MPB) which contains pullulan, tamarindus indica polysaccharide, and sodium hyaluronate. 27645471 5 38 theme X-100-treated 1148:1160 arg1 cells 1162:1166 Triton X-100-treated cells 1141:1166 Triton X-100-treated cells 1141:1166 Markers of apoptosis such as cleavage of CASPASES 8/9, upregulation of pro-apoptosis NOXA protein, and downregulation of anti-apoptosis XIAP protein were observed in Triton X-100-treated cells but not in cells exposed to MPB. 27645471 6 39 theme HOrF 1226:1229 arg1 cells 1231:1235 HOrF cells 1226:1235 HOrF cells 1226:1235 The migration of HOK and HOrF cells was stimulated by MPB, and the expression of E-CADHERIN in the EpiOral tissues was unaffected. 27645471 6 40 theme HOK 1218:1220 arg1 migration 1205:1213 The migration 1201:1213 The migration of HOK and HOrF cells 1201:1235 The migration of HOK and HOrF cells was stimulated by MPB, and the expression of E-CADHERIN in the EpiOral tissues was unaffected. 27645471 3 41 theme 1 603:603 arg1 % 604:604 % 604:604 % 604:604 No cell death was observed when human oral keratinocyte (HOK) and fibroblast (HOrF) cells were exposed to 1% MPB for 24 h. Epithelial cells in a 3D buccal tissue model (EpiOral) were unaffected when exposed to 50% MPB for 20 h whereas 1% Triton X-100 killed 93% cells after 4.5 h. 27645471 2 42 theme migration 321:329 arg1 safety 292:297 the safety 288:297 the safety 288:297 Here, we assessed the safety, facilitation of cell migration, and mucoadhesive properties of a newly developed mucoadhesive polymer blend (MPB) which contains pullulan, tamarindus indica polysaccharide, and sodium hyaluronate. 27645471 2 42 theme migration 321:329 arg1 hyaluronate 484:494 sodium hyaluronate 477:494 sodium hyaluronate 477:494 Here, we assessed the safety, facilitation of cell migration, and mucoadhesive properties of a newly developed mucoadhesive polymer blend (MPB) which contains pullulan, tamarindus indica polysaccharide, and sodium hyaluronate. 27645471 2 42 theme migration 321:329 arg1 properties 349:358 mucoadhesive properties 336:358 mucoadhesive properties of a newly developed mucoadhesive polymer blend (MPB) which contains pullulan, tamarindus indica polysaccharide, 336:471 Here, we assessed the safety, facilitation of cell migration, and mucoadhesive properties of a newly developed mucoadhesive polymer blend (MPB) which contains pullulan, tamarindus indica polysaccharide, and sodium hyaluronate. 27645471 2 42 theme migration 321:329 arg1 facilitation 300:311 facilitation 300:311 facilitation of cell migration 300:329 Here, we assessed the safety, facilitation of cell migration, and mucoadhesive properties of a newly developed mucoadhesive polymer blend (MPB) which contains pullulan, tamarindus indica polysaccharide, and sodium hyaluronate. 27645471 5 43 theme NOXA 1060:1063 arg1 protein 1065:1071 pro-apoptosis NOXA protein 1046:1071 pro-apoptosis NOXA protein 1046:1071 Markers of apoptosis such as cleavage of CASPASES 8/9, upregulation of pro-apoptosis NOXA protein, and downregulation of anti-apoptosis XIAP protein were observed in Triton X-100-treated cells but not in cells exposed to MPB. 27645471 4 44 theme EpiOral 885:891 arg1 tissue 893:898 EpiOral tissue 885:898 EpiOral tissue 885:898 The expressions of cytokines IL1α and IL1β and cell proliferation markers PCNA, CYCLIN A, and CYCLIN D1 in EpiOral tissue did not increase suggesting that MPB is neither an irritant nor a mitogen. 27645471 5 45 theme CASPASES 1016:1023 arg1 cleavage 1004:1011 cleavage 1004:1011 cleavage of CASPASES 8/9, upregulation of pro-apoptosis NOXA protein, and downregulation of anti-apoptosis XIAP protein 1004:1122 Markers of apoptosis such as cleavage of CASPASES 8/9, upregulation of pro-apoptosis NOXA protein, and downregulation of anti-apoptosis XIAP protein were observed in Triton X-100-treated cells but not in cells exposed to MPB. 27645471 1 46 theme active 140:145 arg1 ingredients 162:172 active pharmaceutical ingredients 140:172 active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) 140:178 The efficacy of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) in compounded medications for oral mucosa greatly depends on the composition of the base. 27645471 1 46 theme active 140:145 arg1 API 175:177 API 175:177 API 175:177 The efficacy of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) in compounded medications for oral mucosa greatly depends on the composition of the base. 27645471 0 47 theme Migration 31:39 arg1 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation of the Safety, Cell Migration, and Mucoadhesive Properties of a Mucoadhesive Polymer Blend in Human Oral Mucosa. 0:122 Evaluation of the Safety, Cell Migration, and Mucoadhesive Properties of a Mucoadhesive Polymer Blend in Human Oral Mucosa. 27645471 0 48 theme Oral 111:114 arg1 Mucosa 116:121 Human Oral Mucosa 105:121 Human Oral Mucosa 105:121 Evaluation of the Safety, Cell Migration, and Mucoadhesive Properties of a Mucoadhesive Polymer Blend in Human Oral Mucosa. 27645471 1 49 theme ingredients 162:172 arg1 efficacy 128:135 The efficacy 124:135 The efficacy of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) in compounded medications for oral mucosa 124:220 The efficacy of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) in compounded medications for oral mucosa greatly depends on the composition of the base. 27645471 0 50 theme Human 105:109 arg1 Mucosa 116:121 Human Oral Mucosa 105:121 Human Oral Mucosa 105:121 Evaluation of the Safety, Cell Migration, and Mucoadhesive Properties of a Mucoadhesive Polymer Blend in Human Oral Mucosa. 27645471 2 51 contain contains 420:427 arg2 pullulan 429:436 pullulan 429:436 pullulan 429:436 Here, we assessed the safety, facilitation of cell migration, and mucoadhesive properties of a newly developed mucoadhesive polymer blend (MPB) which contains pullulan, tamarindus indica polysaccharide, and sodium hyaluronate. 27645471 2 51 contain contains 420:427 arg1 polymer 394:400 a newly developed mucoadhesive polymer 363:400 a newly developed mucoadhesive polymer blend (MPB) which contains pullulan 363:436 Here, we assessed the safety, facilitation of cell migration, and mucoadhesive properties of a newly developed mucoadhesive polymer blend (MPB) which contains pullulan, tamarindus indica polysaccharide, and sodium hyaluronate. 27645471 2 51 contain contains 420:427 arg1 polysaccharide 457:470 tamarindus indica polysaccharide 439:470 tamarindus indica polysaccharide 439:470 Here, we assessed the safety, facilitation of cell migration, and mucoadhesive properties of a newly developed mucoadhesive polymer blend (MPB) which contains pullulan, tamarindus indica polysaccharide, and sodium hyaluronate. 27645471 7 52 theme reference 1425:1433 arg1 product 1435:1441 a reference product 1423:1441 a reference product 1423:1441 Moreover, MPB showed stronger mucoadhesion on the human EpiOral tissue model compared with a reference product. 27645471 3 53 theme buccal 645:650 arg1 EpiOral 666:672 EpiOral 666:672 EpiOral 666:672 No cell death was observed when human oral keratinocyte (HOK) and fibroblast (HOrF) cells were exposed to 1% MPB for 24 h. Epithelial cells in a 3D buccal tissue model (EpiOral) were unaffected when exposed to 50% MPB for 20 h whereas 1% Triton X-100 killed 93% cells after 4.5 h. 27645471 3 53 theme buccal 645:650 arg1 model 659:663 a 3D buccal tissue model 640:663 a 3D buccal tissue model (EpiOral) 640:673 No cell death was observed when human oral keratinocyte (HOK) and fibroblast (HOrF) cells were exposed to 1% MPB for 24 h. Epithelial cells in a 3D buccal tissue model (EpiOral) were unaffected when exposed to 50% MPB for 20 h whereas 1% Triton X-100 killed 93% cells after 4.5 h. 27645471 4 54 from expressions 782:792 arg1 tissue 893:898 EpiOral tissue 885:898 EpiOral tissue 885:898 The expressions of cytokines IL1α and IL1β and cell proliferation markers PCNA, CYCLIN A, and CYCLIN D1 in EpiOral tissue did not increase suggesting that MPB is neither an irritant nor a mitogen. 27645471 6 55 theme EpiOral 1300:1306 arg1 tissues 1308:1314 the EpiOral tissues 1296:1314 the EpiOral tissues 1296:1314 The migration of HOK and HOrF cells was stimulated by MPB, and the expression of E-CADHERIN in the EpiOral tissues was unaffected. 27645471 0 56 from Blend 96:100 arg1 Mucosa 116:121 Human Oral Mucosa 105:121 Human Oral Mucosa 105:121 Evaluation of the Safety, Cell Migration, and Mucoadhesive Properties of a Mucoadhesive Polymer Blend in Human Oral Mucosa. 27645471 8 57 dep deliver 1476:1482 arg1 facilitate 1512:1521 facilitate 1512:1521 facilitate cell migration 1512:1536 We conclude that MPB can safely deliver API within the oral mucosa, facilitate cell migration, and may increase drug efficacy through its strong mucoadhesive property. 27645471 5 58 theme anti-apoptosis 1096:1109 arg1 protein 1116:1122 anti-apoptosis XIAP protein 1096:1122 anti-apoptosis XIAP protein 1096:1122 Markers of apoptosis such as cleavage of CASPASES 8/9, upregulation of pro-apoptosis NOXA protein, and downregulation of anti-apoptosis XIAP protein were observed in Triton X-100-treated cells but not in cells exposed to MPB. 27645471 3 59 theme % 733:733 arg1 X-100 742:746 1% Triton X-100 732:746 1% Triton X-100 732:746 No cell death was observed when human oral keratinocyte (HOK) and fibroblast (HOrF) cells were exposed to 1% MPB for 24 h. Epithelial cells in a 3D buccal tissue model (EpiOral) were unaffected when exposed to 50% MPB for 20 h whereas 1% Triton X-100 killed 93% cells after 4.5 h. 27645471 7 60 theme EpiOral 1388:1394 arg1 model 1403:1407 the human EpiOral tissue model 1378:1407 the human EpiOral tissue model 1378:1407 Moreover, MPB showed stronger mucoadhesion on the human EpiOral tissue model compared with a reference product. 27645471 5 61 dep CASPASES 1016:1023 arg1 downregulation 1078:1091 downregulation 1078:1091 downregulation of anti-apoptosis XIAP protein 1078:1122 Markers of apoptosis such as cleavage of CASPASES 8/9, upregulation of pro-apoptosis NOXA protein, and downregulation of anti-apoptosis XIAP protein were observed in Triton X-100-treated cells but not in cells exposed to MPB. 27645471 5 61 dep CASPASES 1016:1023 arg1 CASPASES 1016:1023 CASPASES 8/9, upregulation of pro-apoptosis NOXA protein, and downregulation of anti-apoptosis XIAP protein 1016:1122 CASPASES 8/9, upregulation of pro-apoptosis NOXA protein, and downregulation of anti-apoptosis XIAP protein 1016:1122 Markers of apoptosis such as cleavage of CASPASES 8/9, upregulation of pro-apoptosis NOXA protein, and downregulation of anti-apoptosis XIAP protein were observed in Triton X-100-treated cells but not in cells exposed to MPB. 27645471 5 61 dep CASPASES 1016:1023 arg1 upregulation 1030:1041 upregulation 1030:1041 upregulation of pro-apoptosis NOXA protein 1030:1071 Markers of apoptosis such as cleavage of CASPASES 8/9, upregulation of pro-apoptosis NOXA protein, and downregulation of anti-apoptosis XIAP protein were observed in Triton X-100-treated cells but not in cells exposed to MPB. 27645471 5 62 theme protein 1116:1122 arg1 downregulation 1078:1091 downregulation 1078:1091 downregulation of anti-apoptosis XIAP protein 1078:1122 Markers of apoptosis such as cleavage of CASPASES 8/9, upregulation of pro-apoptosis NOXA protein, and downregulation of anti-apoptosis XIAP protein were observed in Triton X-100-treated cells but not in cells exposed to MPB. 27645471 5 62 theme protein 1116:1122 arg1 CASPASES 1016:1023 CASPASES 8/9, upregulation of pro-apoptosis NOXA protein, and downregulation of anti-apoptosis XIAP protein 1016:1122 CASPASES 8/9, upregulation of pro-apoptosis NOXA protein, and downregulation of anti-apoptosis XIAP protein 1016:1122 Markers of apoptosis such as cleavage of CASPASES 8/9, upregulation of pro-apoptosis NOXA protein, and downregulation of anti-apoptosis XIAP protein were observed in Triton X-100-treated cells but not in cells exposed to MPB. 27645471 5 62 theme protein 1116:1122 arg1 upregulation 1030:1041 upregulation 1030:1041 upregulation of pro-apoptosis NOXA protein 1030:1071 Markers of apoptosis such as cleavage of CASPASES 8/9, upregulation of pro-apoptosis NOXA protein, and downregulation of anti-apoptosis XIAP protein were observed in Triton X-100-treated cells but not in cells exposed to MPB. 27645471 0 63 theme Mucoadhesive 46:57 arg1 Properties 59:68 Mucoadhesive Properties 46:68 Mucoadhesive Properties 46:68 Evaluation of the Safety, Cell Migration, and Mucoadhesive Properties of a Mucoadhesive Polymer Blend in Human Oral Mucosa. 27645471 2 64 theme tamarindus 439:448 arg1 polymer 394:400 a newly developed mucoadhesive polymer 363:400 a newly developed mucoadhesive polymer blend (MPB) which contains pullulan 363:436 Here, we assessed the safety, facilitation of cell migration, and mucoadhesive properties of a newly developed mucoadhesive polymer blend (MPB) which contains pullulan, tamarindus indica polysaccharide, and sodium hyaluronate. 27645471 2 64 theme tamarindus 439:448 arg1 polysaccharide 457:470 tamarindus indica polysaccharide 439:470 tamarindus indica polysaccharide 439:470 Here, we assessed the safety, facilitation of cell migration, and mucoadhesive properties of a newly developed mucoadhesive polymer blend (MPB) which contains pullulan, tamarindus indica polysaccharide, and sodium hyaluronate. 27645471 0 65 from Safety 18:23 arg1 Mucosa 116:121 Human Oral Mucosa 105:121 Human Oral Mucosa 105:121 Evaluation of the Safety, Cell Migration, and Mucoadhesive Properties of a Mucoadhesive Polymer Blend in Human Oral Mucosa. 27645471 3 66 theme 93 755:756 arg1 % 757:757 % 757:757 % 757:757 No cell death was observed when human oral keratinocyte (HOK) and fibroblast (HOrF) cells were exposed to 1% MPB for 24 h. Epithelial cells in a 3D buccal tissue model (EpiOral) were unaffected when exposed to 50% MPB for 20 h whereas 1% Triton X-100 killed 93% cells after 4.5 h. 27645471 4 67 theme proliferation 830:842 arg1 markers 844:850 cell proliferation markers 825:850 cell proliferation markers 825:850 The expressions of cytokines IL1α and IL1β and cell proliferation markers PCNA, CYCLIN A, and CYCLIN D1 in EpiOral tissue did not increase suggesting that MPB is neither an irritant nor a mitogen. 27645471 0 68 theme Mucoadhesive 75:86 arg1 Blend 96:100 a Mucoadhesive Polymer Blend 73:100 a Mucoadhesive Polymer Blend in Human Oral Mucosa 73:121 Evaluation of the Safety, Cell Migration, and Mucoadhesive Properties of a Mucoadhesive Polymer Blend in Human Oral Mucosa. 27645471 8 69 theme mucoadhesive 1589:1600 arg1 property 1602:1609 its strong mucoadhesive property 1578:1609 its strong mucoadhesive property 1578:1609 We conclude that MPB can safely deliver API within the oral mucosa, facilitate cell migration, and may increase drug efficacy through its strong mucoadhesive property. 27645471 4 70 theme cytokines 797:805 arg1 expressions 782:792 The expressions 778:792 The expressions of cytokines IL1α and IL1β and cell proliferation markers PCNA, CYCLIN A, and CYCLIN D1 in EpiOral tissue 778:898 The expressions of cytokines IL1α and IL1β and cell proliferation markers PCNA, CYCLIN A, and CYCLIN D1 in EpiOral tissue did not increase suggesting that MPB is neither an irritant nor a mitogen. 27645471 3 71 theme % 709:709 arg1 MPB 711:713 50% MPB 707:713 50% MPB for 20 h whereas 1% Triton X-100 killed 93% cells after 4.5 h 707:775 No cell death was observed when human oral keratinocyte (HOK) and fibroblast (HOrF) cells were exposed to 1% MPB for 24 h. Epithelial cells in a 3D buccal tissue model (EpiOral) were unaffected when exposed to 50% MPB for 20 h whereas 1% Triton X-100 killed 93% cells after 4.5 h. 27645471 0 72 theme Blend 96:100 arg1 Properties 59:68 Mucoadhesive Properties 46:68 Mucoadhesive Properties 46:68 Evaluation of the Safety, Cell Migration, and Mucoadhesive Properties of a Mucoadhesive Polymer Blend in Human Oral Mucosa. 27645471 0 72 theme Blend 96:100 arg1 Safety 18:23 Safety 18:23 Safety 18:23 Evaluation of the Safety, Cell Migration, and Mucoadhesive Properties of a Mucoadhesive Polymer Blend in Human Oral Mucosa. 27645471 0 72 theme Blend 96:100 arg1 Migration 31:39 Cell Migration 26:39 Cell Migration 26:39 Evaluation of the Safety, Cell Migration, and Mucoadhesive Properties of a Mucoadhesive Polymer Blend in Human Oral Mucosa. 27645471 2 73 dep polymer 394:400 arg1 blend 402:406 blend 402:406 a newly developed mucoadhesive polymer blend (MPB) which contains pullulan 363:436 Here, we assessed the safety, facilitation of cell migration, and mucoadhesive properties of a newly developed mucoadhesive polymer blend (MPB) which contains pullulan, tamarindus indica polysaccharide, and sodium hyaluronate. 27645471 2 73 dep polymer 394:400 arg1 MPB 409:411 MPB 409:411 MPB 409:411 Here, we assessed the safety, facilitation of cell migration, and mucoadhesive properties of a newly developed mucoadhesive polymer blend (MPB) which contains pullulan, tamarindus indica polysaccharide, and sodium hyaluronate. 27645471 2 74 theme mucoadhesive 336:347 arg1 properties 349:358 mucoadhesive properties 336:358 mucoadhesive properties of a newly developed mucoadhesive polymer blend (MPB) which contains pullulan, tamarindus indica polysaccharide, 336:471 Here, we assessed the safety, facilitation of cell migration, and mucoadhesive properties of a newly developed mucoadhesive polymer blend (MPB) which contains pullulan, tamarindus indica polysaccharide, and sodium hyaluronate. 27645471 0 75 theme Safety 18:23 arg1 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation of the Safety, Cell Migration, and Mucoadhesive Properties of a Mucoadhesive Polymer Blend in Human Oral Mucosa. 0:122 Evaluation of the Safety, Cell Migration, and Mucoadhesive Properties of a Mucoadhesive Polymer Blend in Human Oral Mucosa. 27645471 2 76 theme mucoadhesive 381:392 arg1 polymer 394:400 a newly developed mucoadhesive polymer 363:400 a newly developed mucoadhesive polymer blend (MPB) which contains pullulan 363:436 Here, we assessed the safety, facilitation of cell migration, and mucoadhesive properties of a newly developed mucoadhesive polymer blend (MPB) which contains pullulan, tamarindus indica polysaccharide, and sodium hyaluronate. 27645471 2 76 theme mucoadhesive 381:392 arg1 polysaccharide 457:470 tamarindus indica polysaccharide 439:470 tamarindus indica polysaccharide 439:470 Here, we assessed the safety, facilitation of cell migration, and mucoadhesive properties of a newly developed mucoadhesive polymer blend (MPB) which contains pullulan, tamarindus indica polysaccharide, and sodium hyaluronate. 27645471 5 77 theme Triton 1141:1146 arg1 cells 1162:1166 Triton X-100-treated cells 1141:1166 Triton X-100-treated cells 1141:1166 Markers of apoptosis such as cleavage of CASPASES 8/9, upregulation of pro-apoptosis NOXA protein, and downregulation of anti-apoptosis XIAP protein were observed in Triton X-100-treated cells but not in cells exposed to MPB. 27645471 6 78 theme cells 1231:1235 arg1 migration 1205:1213 The migration 1201:1213 The migration of HOK and HOrF cells 1201:1235 The migration of HOK and HOrF cells was stimulated by MPB, and the expression of E-CADHERIN in the EpiOral tissues was unaffected. 27645471 3 79 dep 24 h. 614:618 arg1 unaffected 680:689 unaffected 680:689 unaffected 680:689 No cell death was observed when human oral keratinocyte (HOK) and fibroblast (HOrF) cells were exposed to 1% MPB for 24 h. Epithelial cells in a 3D buccal tissue model (EpiOral) were unaffected when exposed to 50% MPB for 20 h whereas 1% Triton X-100 killed 93% cells after 4.5 h. 27645471 1 80 theme oral 210:213 arg1 mucosa 215:220 oral mucosa 210:220 oral mucosa 210:220 The efficacy of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) in compounded medications for oral mucosa greatly depends on the composition of the base. 27645471 4 81 theme CYCLIN 858:863 arg1 cytokines 797:805 cytokines IL1α and IL1β 797:819 cytokines 797:805 The expressions of cytokines IL1α and IL1β and cell proliferation markers PCNA, CYCLIN A, and CYCLIN D1 in EpiOral tissue did not increase suggesting that MPB is neither an irritant nor a mitogen. 27645471 4 81 theme CYCLIN 858:863 arg1 A 865:865 CYCLIN A 858:865 CYCLIN A 858:865 The expressions of cytokines IL1α and IL1β and cell proliferation markers PCNA, CYCLIN A, and CYCLIN D1 in EpiOral tissue did not increase suggesting that MPB is neither an irritant nor a mitogen. 27645471 5 82 located observed 1129:1136 arg2 cleavage 1004:1011 cleavage 1004:1011 cleavage of CASPASES 8/9, upregulation of pro-apoptosis NOXA protein, and downregulation of anti-apoptosis XIAP protein 1004:1122 Markers of apoptosis such as cleavage of CASPASES 8/9, upregulation of pro-apoptosis NOXA protein, and downregulation of anti-apoptosis XIAP protein were observed in Triton X-100-treated cells but not in cells exposed to MPB. 27645471 5 82 located observed 1129:1136 arg2 Markers 975:981 Markers 975:981 Markers of apoptosis such as cleavage of CASPASES 8/9, upregulation of pro-apoptosis NOXA protein, and downregulation of anti-apoptosis XIAP protein 975:1122 Markers of apoptosis such as cleavage of CASPASES 8/9, upregulation of pro-apoptosis NOXA protein, and downregulation of anti-apoptosis XIAP protein were observed in Triton X-100-treated cells but not in cells exposed to MPB. 27645471 5 82 located observed 1129:1136 arg1 cells 1162:1166 Triton X-100-treated cells 1141:1166 Triton X-100-treated cells 1141:1166 Markers of apoptosis such as cleavage of CASPASES 8/9, upregulation of pro-apoptosis NOXA protein, and downregulation of anti-apoptosis XIAP protein were observed in Triton X-100-treated cells but not in cells exposed to MPB. 27645471 5 83 theme apoptosis 986:994 arg1 cleavage 1004:1011 cleavage 1004:1011 cleavage of CASPASES 8/9, upregulation of pro-apoptosis NOXA protein, and downregulation of anti-apoptosis XIAP protein 1004:1122 Markers of apoptosis such as cleavage of CASPASES 8/9, upregulation of pro-apoptosis NOXA protein, and downregulation of anti-apoptosis XIAP protein were observed in Triton X-100-treated cells but not in cells exposed to MPB. 27645471 5 83 theme apoptosis 986:994 arg1 Markers 975:981 Markers 975:981 Markers of apoptosis such as cleavage of CASPASES 8/9, upregulation of pro-apoptosis NOXA protein, and downregulation of anti-apoptosis XIAP protein 975:1122 Markers of apoptosis such as cleavage of CASPASES 8/9, upregulation of pro-apoptosis NOXA protein, and downregulation of anti-apoptosis XIAP protein were observed in Triton X-100-treated cells but not in cells exposed to MPB. 27645471 0 84 dep Safety 18:23 arg1 the 14:16 the 14:16 the 14:16 Evaluation of the Safety, Cell Migration, and Mucoadhesive Properties of a Mucoadhesive Polymer Blend in Human Oral Mucosa. 27645471 0 85 from Mucosa 116:121 arg1 Properties 59:68 Mucoadhesive Properties 46:68 Mucoadhesive Properties 46:68 Evaluation of the Safety, Cell Migration, and Mucoadhesive Properties of a Mucoadhesive Polymer Blend in Human Oral Mucosa. 27645471 0 85 from Mucosa 116:121 arg1 Safety 18:23 Safety 18:23 Safety 18:23 Evaluation of the Safety, Cell Migration, and Mucoadhesive Properties of a Mucoadhesive Polymer Blend in Human Oral Mucosa. 27645471 0 85 from Mucosa 116:121 arg1 Migration 31:39 Cell Migration 26:39 Cell Migration 26:39 Evaluation of the Safety, Cell Migration, and Mucoadhesive Properties of a Mucoadhesive Polymer Blend in Human Oral Mucosa. 27645471 6 86 theme E-CADHERIN 1282:1291 arg1 unaffected 1320:1329 unaffected 1320:1329 unaffected 1320:1329 The migration of HOK and HOrF cells was stimulated by MPB, and the expression of E-CADHERIN in the EpiOral tissues was unaffected. 27645471 6 86 theme E-CADHERIN 1282:1291 arg1 expression 1268:1277 the expression 1264:1277 the expression of E-CADHERIN in the EpiOral tissues 1264:1314 The migration of HOK and HOrF cells was stimulated by MPB, and the expression of E-CADHERIN in the EpiOral tissues was unaffected. 27645471 5 87 theme pro-apoptosis 1046:1058 arg1 protein 1065:1071 pro-apoptosis NOXA protein 1046:1071 pro-apoptosis NOXA protein 1046:1071 Markers of apoptosis such as cleavage of CASPASES 8/9, upregulation of pro-apoptosis NOXA protein, and downregulation of anti-apoptosis XIAP protein were observed in Triton X-100-treated cells but not in cells exposed to MPB. 27645471 6 88 from expression 1268:1277 arg1 tissues 1308:1314 the EpiOral tissues 1296:1314 the EpiOral tissues 1296:1314 The migration of HOK and HOrF cells was stimulated by MPB, and the expression of E-CADHERIN in the EpiOral tissues was unaffected. 27645471 2 89 theme cell 316:319 arg1 migration 321:329 cell migration 316:329 cell migration 316:329 Here, we assessed the safety, facilitation of cell migration, and mucoadhesive properties of a newly developed mucoadhesive polymer blend (MPB) which contains pullulan, tamarindus indica polysaccharide, and sodium hyaluronate. 27645471 5 90 theme protein 1065:1071 arg1 downregulation 1078:1091 downregulation 1078:1091 downregulation of anti-apoptosis XIAP protein 1078:1122 Markers of apoptosis such as cleavage of CASPASES 8/9, upregulation of pro-apoptosis NOXA protein, and downregulation of anti-apoptosis XIAP protein were observed in Triton X-100-treated cells but not in cells exposed to MPB. 27645471 5 90 theme protein 1065:1071 arg1 CASPASES 1016:1023 CASPASES 8/9, upregulation of pro-apoptosis NOXA protein, and downregulation of anti-apoptosis XIAP protein 1016:1122 CASPASES 8/9, upregulation of pro-apoptosis NOXA protein, and downregulation of anti-apoptosis XIAP protein 1016:1122 Markers of apoptosis such as cleavage of CASPASES 8/9, upregulation of pro-apoptosis NOXA protein, and downregulation of anti-apoptosis XIAP protein were observed in Triton X-100-treated cells but not in cells exposed to MPB. 27645471 5 90 theme protein 1065:1071 arg1 upregulation 1030:1041 upregulation 1030:1041 upregulation of pro-apoptosis NOXA protein 1030:1071 Markers of apoptosis such as cleavage of CASPASES 8/9, upregulation of pro-apoptosis NOXA protein, and downregulation of anti-apoptosis XIAP protein were observed in Triton X-100-treated cells but not in cells exposed to MPB. 29352895 6 0 theme representative 938:951 arg1 species 953:959 18 representative species 935:959 18 representative species ranging from tetrasaccharide to octasaccharide 935:1006 With the help of in-house developed MS/MS interpretation software, the sequences of 18 representative species ranging from tetrasaccharide to octasaccharide were obtained. 29352895 5 1 theme SAX 716:718 arg1 HPLC 761:764 HPLC 761:764 HPLC 761:764 We established an offline strong anion exchange (SAX)-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ESI-MS/MS approach to sequence the short oligosaccharides of dalteparin sodium. 29352895 5 1 theme SAX 716:718 arg1 chromatography 745:758 strong anion exchange (SAX)-high performance liquid chromatography 693:758 strong anion exchange (SAX)-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 693:765 We established an offline strong anion exchange (SAX)-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ESI-MS/MS approach to sequence the short oligosaccharides of dalteparin sodium. 29352895 7 2 theme heparinase 1132:1141 arg1 digestion 1143:1151 complementary heparinase digestion 1118:1151 complementary heparinase digestion 1118:1151 Interestingly, we found a novel 2,3-disulfated hexauronic acid structure and reconfirmed it by complementary heparinase digestion and LC-MS/MS analysis. 29352895 8 3 theme heparin 1292:1298 arg1 depolymerization 1300:1315 heparin depolymerization 1292:1315 heparin depolymerization 1292:1315 This approach provides straightforward and in-depth insight to the structure of LMWHs and the reaction mechanism of heparin depolymerization. 29352895 4 4 theme tandem 477:482 arg1 ESI-MS/MS 503:511 ESI-MS/MS 503:511 ESI-MS/MS 503:511 Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) has been demonstrated as a powerful tool to sequence synthetic heparin oligosaccharide but never been applied to analyze complicated mixture like LMWHs. 29352895 4 4 theme tandem 477:482 arg1 tool 550:553 a powerful tool 539:553 a powerful tool to sequence synthetic heparin oligosaccharide 539:599 Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) has been demonstrated as a powerful tool to sequence synthetic heparin oligosaccharide but never been applied to analyze complicated mixture like LMWHs. 29352895 4 4 theme tandem 477:482 arg1 spectrometry 489:500 Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry 453:500 Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) 453:512 Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) has been demonstrated as a powerful tool to sequence synthetic heparin oligosaccharide but never been applied to analyze complicated mixture like LMWHs. 29352895 6 5 theme developed 877:885 arg1 software 908:915 in-house developed MS/MS interpretation software 868:915 in-house developed MS/MS interpretation software 868:915 With the help of in-house developed MS/MS interpretation software, the sequences of 18 representative species ranging from tetrasaccharide to octasaccharide were obtained. 29352895 6 6 theme interpretation 893:906 arg1 software 908:915 in-house developed MS/MS interpretation software 868:915 in-house developed MS/MS interpretation software 868:915 With the help of in-house developed MS/MS interpretation software, the sequences of 18 representative species ranging from tetrasaccharide to octasaccharide were obtained. 29352895 5 7 theme chromatography 745:758 arg1 approach 781:788 an offline strong anion exchange (SAX)-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ESI-MS/MS approach 682:788 an offline strong anion exchange (SAX)-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ESI-MS/MS approach to sequence the short oligosaccharides of dalteparin sodium 682:848 We established an offline strong anion exchange (SAX)-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ESI-MS/MS approach to sequence the short oligosaccharides of dalteparin sodium. 29352895 0 8 from Sequencing 0:9 arg1 dalteparin 72:81 the low molecular weight heparin dalteparin 39:81 the low molecular weight heparin dalteparin with offline HPLC and ESI-MS/MS 39:113 Sequencing the oligosaccharide pool in the low molecular weight heparin dalteparin with offline HPLC and ESI-MS/MS. 29352895 5 9 theme offline 685:691 arg1 approach 781:788 an offline strong anion exchange (SAX)-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ESI-MS/MS approach 682:788 an offline strong anion exchange (SAX)-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ESI-MS/MS approach to sequence the short oligosaccharides of dalteparin sodium 682:848 We established an offline strong anion exchange (SAX)-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ESI-MS/MS approach to sequence the short oligosaccharides of dalteparin sodium. 29352895 0 10 with dalteparin 72:81 arg1 HPLC 96:99 offline HPLC 88:99 offline HPLC 88:99 Sequencing the oligosaccharide pool in the low molecular weight heparin dalteparin with offline HPLC and ESI-MS/MS. 29352895 0 10 with dalteparin 72:81 arg1 ESI-MS/MS 105:113 ESI-MS/MS 105:113 ESI-MS/MS 105:113 Sequencing the oligosaccharide pool in the low molecular weight heparin dalteparin with offline HPLC and ESI-MS/MS. 29352895 3 11 theme longer 373:378 arg1 chains 380:385 the longer chains 369:385 the longer chains 369:385 The short oligosaccharide pool in LMWHs undergoes more depolymerization reactions than the longer chains and is the most sensitive indicator of the manufacturing process. 29352895 5 12 theme strong 693:698 arg1 HPLC 761:764 HPLC 761:764 HPLC 761:764 We established an offline strong anion exchange (SAX)-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ESI-MS/MS approach to sequence the short oligosaccharides of dalteparin sodium. 29352895 5 12 theme strong 693:698 arg1 chromatography 745:758 strong anion exchange (SAX)-high performance liquid chromatography 693:758 strong anion exchange (SAX)-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 693:765 We established an offline strong anion exchange (SAX)-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ESI-MS/MS approach to sequence the short oligosaccharides of dalteparin sodium. 29352895 6 13 theme MS/MS 887:891 arg1 software 908:915 in-house developed MS/MS interpretation software 868:915 in-house developed MS/MS interpretation software 868:915 With the help of in-house developed MS/MS interpretation software, the sequences of 18 representative species ranging from tetrasaccharide to octasaccharide were obtained. 29352895 8 14 theme straightforward 1199:1213 arg1 insight 1228:1234 straightforward and in-depth insight 1199:1234 straightforward and in-depth insight to the structure of LMWHs and the reaction mechanism of heparin depolymerization 1199:1315 This approach provides straightforward and in-depth insight to the structure of LMWHs and the reaction mechanism of heparin depolymerization. 29352895 7 15 theme LC-MS/MS 1157:1164 arg1 analysis 1166:1173 LC-MS/MS analysis 1157:1173 LC-MS/MS analysis 1157:1173 Interestingly, we found a novel 2,3-disulfated hexauronic acid structure and reconfirmed it by complementary heparinase digestion and LC-MS/MS analysis. 29352895 3 16 theme process 444:450 arg1 indicator 413:421 the most sensitive indicator 394:421 the most sensitive indicator of the manufacturing process 394:450 The short oligosaccharide pool in LMWHs undergoes more depolymerization reactions than the longer chains and is the most sensitive indicator of the manufacturing process. 29352895 0 17 theme low 43:45 arg1 heparin 64:70 the low molecular weight heparin 39:70 the low molecular weight heparin dalteparin with offline HPLC and ESI-MS/MS 39:113 Sequencing the oligosaccharide pool in the low molecular weight heparin dalteparin with offline HPLC and ESI-MS/MS. 29352895 6 18 theme in-house 868:875 arg1 software 908:915 in-house developed MS/MS interpretation software 868:915 in-house developed MS/MS interpretation software 868:915 With the help of in-house developed MS/MS interpretation software, the sequences of 18 representative species ranging from tetrasaccharide to octasaccharide were obtained. 29352895 8 19 theme LMWHs 1256:1260 arg1 structure 1243:1251 the structure 1239:1251 the structure of LMWHs 1239:1260 This approach provides straightforward and in-depth insight to the structure of LMWHs and the reaction mechanism of heparin depolymerization. 29352895 8 19 theme LMWHs 1256:1260 arg1 mechanism 1279:1287 the reaction mechanism 1266:1287 the reaction mechanism of heparin depolymerization 1266:1315 This approach provides straightforward and in-depth insight to the structure of LMWHs and the reaction mechanism of heparin depolymerization. 29352895 7 20 theme acid 1081:1084 arg1 structure 1086:1094 a novel 2,3-disulfated hexauronic acid structure 1047:1094 a novel 2,3-disulfated hexauronic acid structure 1047:1094 Interestingly, we found a novel 2,3-disulfated hexauronic acid structure and reconfirmed it by complementary heparinase digestion and LC-MS/MS analysis. 29352895 8 21 theme in-depth 1219:1226 arg1 insight 1228:1234 straightforward and in-depth insight 1199:1234 straightforward and in-depth insight to the structure of LMWHs and the reaction mechanism of heparin depolymerization 1199:1315 This approach provides straightforward and in-depth insight to the structure of LMWHs and the reaction mechanism of heparin depolymerization. 29352895 6 22 dep the 856:858 arg1 help 860:863 help 860:863 help 860:863 With the help of in-house developed MS/MS interpretation software, the sequences of 18 representative species ranging from tetrasaccharide to octasaccharide were obtained. 29352895 1 23 theme used 165:168 arg1 heparins 137:144 Low molecular weight heparins 116:144 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) 116:152 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are widely used anticoagulant drugs. 29352895 1 23 theme used 165:168 arg1 drugs 184:188 widely used anticoagulant drugs 158:188 widely used anticoagulant drugs 158:188 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are widely used anticoagulant drugs. 29352895 5 24 theme dalteparin 832:841 arg1 sodium 843:848 dalteparin sodium 832:848 dalteparin sodium 832:848 We established an offline strong anion exchange (SAX)-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ESI-MS/MS approach to sequence the short oligosaccharides of dalteparin sodium. 29352895 4 25 theme synthetic 567:575 arg1 oligosaccharide 585:599 sequence synthetic heparin oligosaccharide 558:599 sequence synthetic heparin oligosaccharide 558:599 Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) has been demonstrated as a powerful tool to sequence synthetic heparin oligosaccharide but never been applied to analyze complicated mixture like LMWHs. 29352895 3 26 theme manufacturing 430:442 arg1 process 444:450 the manufacturing process 426:450 the manufacturing process 426:450 The short oligosaccharide pool in LMWHs undergoes more depolymerization reactions than the longer chains and is the most sensitive indicator of the manufacturing process. 29352895 5 27 theme sodium 843:848 arg1 oligosaccharides 812:827 the short oligosaccharides 802:827 the short oligosaccharides of dalteparin sodium 802:848 We established an offline strong anion exchange (SAX)-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ESI-MS/MS approach to sequence the short oligosaccharides of dalteparin sodium. 29352895 4 28 theme sequence 558:565 arg1 oligosaccharide 585:599 sequence synthetic heparin oligosaccharide 558:599 sequence synthetic heparin oligosaccharide 558:599 Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) has been demonstrated as a powerful tool to sequence synthetic heparin oligosaccharide but never been applied to analyze complicated mixture like LMWHs. 29352895 7 29 theme complementary 1118:1130 arg1 digestion 1143:1151 complementary heparinase digestion 1118:1151 complementary heparinase digestion 1118:1151 Interestingly, we found a novel 2,3-disulfated hexauronic acid structure and reconfirmed it by complementary heparinase digestion and LC-MS/MS analysis. 29352895 8 30 theme reaction 1270:1277 arg1 mechanism 1279:1287 the reaction mechanism 1266:1287 the reaction mechanism of heparin depolymerization 1266:1315 This approach provides straightforward and in-depth insight to the structure of LMWHs and the reaction mechanism of heparin depolymerization. 29352895 5 31 theme short 806:810 arg1 oligosaccharides 812:827 the short oligosaccharides 802:827 the short oligosaccharides of dalteparin sodium 802:848 We established an offline strong anion exchange (SAX)-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ESI-MS/MS approach to sequence the short oligosaccharides of dalteparin sodium. 29352895 7 32 theme hexauronic 1070:1079 arg1 structure 1086:1094 a novel 2,3-disulfated hexauronic acid structure 1047:1094 a novel 2,3-disulfated hexauronic acid structure 1047:1094 Interestingly, we found a novel 2,3-disulfated hexauronic acid structure and reconfirmed it by complementary heparinase digestion and LC-MS/MS analysis. 29352895 0 33 theme oligosaccharide 15:29 arg1 pool 31:34 the oligosaccharide pool 11:34 the oligosaccharide pool 11:34 Sequencing the oligosaccharide pool in the low molecular weight heparin dalteparin with offline HPLC and ESI-MS/MS. 29352895 5 34 theme -high 720:724 arg1 HPLC 761:764 HPLC 761:764 HPLC 761:764 We established an offline strong anion exchange (SAX)-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ESI-MS/MS approach to sequence the short oligosaccharides of dalteparin sodium. 29352895 5 34 theme -high 720:724 arg1 chromatography 745:758 strong anion exchange (SAX)-high performance liquid chromatography 693:758 strong anion exchange (SAX)-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 693:765 We established an offline strong anion exchange (SAX)-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ESI-MS/MS approach to sequence the short oligosaccharides of dalteparin sodium. 29352895 4 35 theme ionization 466:475 arg1 ESI-MS/MS 503:511 ESI-MS/MS 503:511 ESI-MS/MS 503:511 Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) has been demonstrated as a powerful tool to sequence synthetic heparin oligosaccharide but never been applied to analyze complicated mixture like LMWHs. 29352895 4 35 theme ionization 466:475 arg1 tool 550:553 a powerful tool 539:553 a powerful tool to sequence synthetic heparin oligosaccharide 539:599 Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) has been demonstrated as a powerful tool to sequence synthetic heparin oligosaccharide but never been applied to analyze complicated mixture like LMWHs. 29352895 4 35 theme ionization 466:475 arg1 spectrometry 489:500 Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry 453:500 Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) 453:512 Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) has been demonstrated as a powerful tool to sequence synthetic heparin oligosaccharide but never been applied to analyze complicated mixture like LMWHs. 29352895 4 36 theme heparin 577:583 arg1 oligosaccharide 585:599 sequence synthetic heparin oligosaccharide 558:599 sequence synthetic heparin oligosaccharide 558:599 Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) has been demonstrated as a powerful tool to sequence synthetic heparin oligosaccharide but never been applied to analyze complicated mixture like LMWHs. 29352895 5 37 theme performance 726:736 arg1 HPLC 761:764 HPLC 761:764 HPLC 761:764 We established an offline strong anion exchange (SAX)-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ESI-MS/MS approach to sequence the short oligosaccharides of dalteparin sodium. 29352895 5 37 theme performance 726:736 arg1 chromatography 745:758 strong anion exchange (SAX)-high performance liquid chromatography 693:758 strong anion exchange (SAX)-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 693:765 We established an offline strong anion exchange (SAX)-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ESI-MS/MS approach to sequence the short oligosaccharides of dalteparin sodium. 29352895 4 38 theme Electrospray 453:464 arg1 ESI-MS/MS 503:511 ESI-MS/MS 503:511 ESI-MS/MS 503:511 Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) has been demonstrated as a powerful tool to sequence synthetic heparin oligosaccharide but never been applied to analyze complicated mixture like LMWHs. 29352895 4 38 theme Electrospray 453:464 arg1 tool 550:553 a powerful tool 539:553 a powerful tool to sequence synthetic heparin oligosaccharide 539:599 Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) has been demonstrated as a powerful tool to sequence synthetic heparin oligosaccharide but never been applied to analyze complicated mixture like LMWHs. 29352895 4 38 theme Electrospray 453:464 arg1 spectrometry 489:500 Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry 453:500 Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) 453:512 Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) has been demonstrated as a powerful tool to sequence synthetic heparin oligosaccharide but never been applied to analyze complicated mixture like LMWHs. 29352895 2 39 theme LMWH 223:226 arg1 oligosaccharides 228:243 LMWH oligosaccharides 223:243 LMWH oligosaccharides 223:243 The composition and sequence of LMWH oligosaccharides determine their safety and efficacy. 29352895 1 40 theme anticoagulant 170:182 arg1 heparins 137:144 Low molecular weight heparins 116:144 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) 116:152 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are widely used anticoagulant drugs. 29352895 1 40 theme anticoagulant 170:182 arg1 drugs 184:188 widely used anticoagulant drugs 158:188 widely used anticoagulant drugs 158:188 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are widely used anticoagulant drugs. 29352895 4 41 theme powerful 541:548 arg1 tool 550:553 a powerful tool 539:553 a powerful tool to sequence synthetic heparin oligosaccharide 539:599 Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) has been demonstrated as a powerful tool to sequence synthetic heparin oligosaccharide but never been applied to analyze complicated mixture like LMWHs. 29352895 4 41 theme powerful 541:548 arg1 spectrometry 489:500 Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry 453:500 Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) 453:512 Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) has been demonstrated as a powerful tool to sequence synthetic heparin oligosaccharide but never been applied to analyze complicated mixture like LMWHs. 29352895 5 42 theme liquid 738:743 arg1 HPLC 761:764 HPLC 761:764 HPLC 761:764 We established an offline strong anion exchange (SAX)-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ESI-MS/MS approach to sequence the short oligosaccharides of dalteparin sodium. 29352895 5 42 theme liquid 738:743 arg1 chromatography 745:758 strong anion exchange (SAX)-high performance liquid chromatography 693:758 strong anion exchange (SAX)-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 693:765 We established an offline strong anion exchange (SAX)-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ESI-MS/MS approach to sequence the short oligosaccharides of dalteparin sodium. 29352895 4 43 theme mass 484:487 arg1 ESI-MS/MS 503:511 ESI-MS/MS 503:511 ESI-MS/MS 503:511 Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) has been demonstrated as a powerful tool to sequence synthetic heparin oligosaccharide but never been applied to analyze complicated mixture like LMWHs. 29352895 4 43 theme mass 484:487 arg1 tool 550:553 a powerful tool 539:553 a powerful tool to sequence synthetic heparin oligosaccharide 539:599 Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) has been demonstrated as a powerful tool to sequence synthetic heparin oligosaccharide but never been applied to analyze complicated mixture like LMWHs. 29352895 4 43 theme mass 484:487 arg1 spectrometry 489:500 Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry 453:500 Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) 453:512 Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) has been demonstrated as a powerful tool to sequence synthetic heparin oligosaccharide but never been applied to analyze complicated mixture like LMWHs. 29352895 3 44 from pool 308:311 arg1 LMWHs 316:320 LMWHs 316:320 LMWHs 316:320 The short oligosaccharide pool in LMWHs undergoes more depolymerization reactions than the longer chains and is the most sensitive indicator of the manufacturing process. 29352895 7 45 theme 2,3-disulfated 1055:1068 arg1 structure 1086:1094 a novel 2,3-disulfated hexauronic acid structure 1047:1094 a novel 2,3-disulfated hexauronic acid structure 1047:1094 Interestingly, we found a novel 2,3-disulfated hexauronic acid structure and reconfirmed it by complementary heparinase digestion and LC-MS/MS analysis. 29352895 0 46 theme molecular 47:55 arg1 heparin 64:70 the low molecular weight heparin 39:70 the low molecular weight heparin dalteparin with offline HPLC and ESI-MS/MS 39:113 Sequencing the oligosaccharide pool in the low molecular weight heparin dalteparin with offline HPLC and ESI-MS/MS. 29352895 5 47 theme anion 700:704 arg1 HPLC 761:764 HPLC 761:764 HPLC 761:764 We established an offline strong anion exchange (SAX)-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ESI-MS/MS approach to sequence the short oligosaccharides of dalteparin sodium. 29352895 5 47 theme anion 700:704 arg1 chromatography 745:758 strong anion exchange (SAX)-high performance liquid chromatography 693:758 strong anion exchange (SAX)-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 693:765 We established an offline strong anion exchange (SAX)-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ESI-MS/MS approach to sequence the short oligosaccharides of dalteparin sodium. 29352895 0 48 theme weight 57:62 arg1 heparin 64:70 the low molecular weight heparin 39:70 the low molecular weight heparin dalteparin with offline HPLC and ESI-MS/MS 39:113 Sequencing the oligosaccharide pool in the low molecular weight heparin dalteparin with offline HPLC and ESI-MS/MS. 29352895 4 49 theme complicated 635:645 arg1 mixture 647:653 complicated mixture 635:653 complicated mixture like LMWHs 635:664 Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) has been demonstrated as a powerful tool to sequence synthetic heparin oligosaccharide but never been applied to analyze complicated mixture like LMWHs. 29352895 3 50 theme sensitive 403:411 arg1 indicator 413:421 the most sensitive indicator 394:421 the most sensitive indicator of the manufacturing process 394:450 The short oligosaccharide pool in LMWHs undergoes more depolymerization reactions than the longer chains and is the most sensitive indicator of the manufacturing process. 29352895 5 51 theme exchange 706:713 arg1 HPLC 761:764 HPLC 761:764 HPLC 761:764 We established an offline strong anion exchange (SAX)-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ESI-MS/MS approach to sequence the short oligosaccharides of dalteparin sodium. 29352895 5 51 theme exchange 706:713 arg1 chromatography 745:758 strong anion exchange (SAX)-high performance liquid chromatography 693:758 strong anion exchange (SAX)-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 693:765 We established an offline strong anion exchange (SAX)-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ESI-MS/MS approach to sequence the short oligosaccharides of dalteparin sodium. 29352895 1 52 theme Low 116:118 arg1 LMWHs 147:151 LMWHs 147:151 LMWHs 147:151 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are widely used anticoagulant drugs. 29352895 1 52 theme Low 116:118 arg1 drugs 184:188 widely used anticoagulant drugs 158:188 widely used anticoagulant drugs 158:188 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are widely used anticoagulant drugs. 29352895 1 52 theme Low 116:118 arg1 heparins 137:144 Low molecular weight heparins 116:144 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) 116:152 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are widely used anticoagulant drugs. 29352895 3 53 theme short 286:290 arg1 pool 308:311 The short oligosaccharide pool 282:311 The short oligosaccharide pool in LMWHs 282:320 The short oligosaccharide pool in LMWHs undergoes more depolymerization reactions than the longer chains and is the most sensitive indicator of the manufacturing process. 29352895 5 54 theme ESI-MS/MS 771:779 arg1 approach 781:788 an offline strong anion exchange (SAX)-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ESI-MS/MS approach 682:788 an offline strong anion exchange (SAX)-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ESI-MS/MS approach to sequence the short oligosaccharides of dalteparin sodium 682:848 We established an offline strong anion exchange (SAX)-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ESI-MS/MS approach to sequence the short oligosaccharides of dalteparin sodium. 29352895 1 55 theme molecular 120:128 arg1 LMWHs 147:151 LMWHs 147:151 LMWHs 147:151 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are widely used anticoagulant drugs. 29352895 1 55 theme molecular 120:128 arg1 drugs 184:188 widely used anticoagulant drugs 158:188 widely used anticoagulant drugs 158:188 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are widely used anticoagulant drugs. 29352895 1 55 theme molecular 120:128 arg1 heparins 137:144 Low molecular weight heparins 116:144 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) 116:152 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are widely used anticoagulant drugs. 29352895 3 56 theme oligosaccharide 292:306 arg1 pool 308:311 The short oligosaccharide pool 282:311 The short oligosaccharide pool in LMWHs 282:320 The short oligosaccharide pool in LMWHs undergoes more depolymerization reactions than the longer chains and is the most sensitive indicator of the manufacturing process. 29352895 1 57 theme weight 130:135 arg1 LMWHs 147:151 LMWHs 147:151 LMWHs 147:151 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are widely used anticoagulant drugs. 29352895 1 57 theme weight 130:135 arg1 drugs 184:188 widely used anticoagulant drugs 158:188 widely used anticoagulant drugs 158:188 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are widely used anticoagulant drugs. 29352895 1 57 theme weight 130:135 arg1 heparins 137:144 Low molecular weight heparins 116:144 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) 116:152 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are widely used anticoagulant drugs. 29352895 8 58 theme depolymerization 1300:1315 arg1 structure 1243:1251 the structure 1239:1251 the structure of LMWHs 1239:1260 This approach provides straightforward and in-depth insight to the structure of LMWHs and the reaction mechanism of heparin depolymerization. 29352895 8 58 theme depolymerization 1300:1315 arg1 mechanism 1279:1287 the reaction mechanism 1266:1287 the reaction mechanism of heparin depolymerization 1266:1315 This approach provides straightforward and in-depth insight to the structure of LMWHs and the reaction mechanism of heparin depolymerization. 29352895 0 59 theme heparin 64:70 arg1 dalteparin 72:81 the low molecular weight heparin dalteparin 39:81 the low molecular weight heparin dalteparin with offline HPLC and ESI-MS/MS 39:113 Sequencing the oligosaccharide pool in the low molecular weight heparin dalteparin with offline HPLC and ESI-MS/MS. 29352895 7 60 theme novel 1049:1053 arg1 structure 1086:1094 a novel 2,3-disulfated hexauronic acid structure 1047:1094 a novel 2,3-disulfated hexauronic acid structure 1047:1094 Interestingly, we found a novel 2,3-disulfated hexauronic acid structure and reconfirmed it by complementary heparinase digestion and LC-MS/MS analysis. 29352895 2 61 dep composition 195:205 arg1 The 191:193 The 191:193 The 191:193 The composition and sequence of LMWH oligosaccharides determine their safety and efficacy. 29352895 3 62 theme depolymerization 337:352 arg1 reactions 354:362 more depolymerization reactions 332:362 more depolymerization reactions than the longer chains 332:385 The short oligosaccharide pool in LMWHs undergoes more depolymerization reactions than the longer chains and is the most sensitive indicator of the manufacturing process. 29352895 6 63 theme species 953:959 arg1 sequences 922:930 the sequences 918:930 the sequences of 18 representative species ranging from tetrasaccharide to octasaccharide 918:1006 With the help of in-house developed MS/MS interpretation software, the sequences of 18 representative species ranging from tetrasaccharide to octasaccharide were obtained. 29352895 2 64 theme oligosaccharides 228:243 arg1 sequence 211:218 sequence 211:218 sequence 211:218 The composition and sequence of LMWH oligosaccharides determine their safety and efficacy. 29352895 2 64 theme oligosaccharides 228:243 arg1 composition 195:205 composition 195:205 composition 195:205 The composition and sequence of LMWH oligosaccharides determine their safety and efficacy. 29352895 0 65 theme offline 88:94 arg1 HPLC 96:99 offline HPLC 88:99 offline HPLC 88:99 Sequencing the oligosaccharide pool in the low molecular weight heparin dalteparin with offline HPLC and ESI-MS/MS. 27805604 0 0 theme Alginate 97:104 arg1 Microparticles 106:119 Alginate Microparticles 97:119 Alginate Microparticles for Tissue Engineering 97:142 Synthesis of Thermogelling Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-graft-chondroitin Sulfate Composites with Alginate Microparticles for Tissue Engineering. 27805604 10 1 dep alone 1591:1595 arg1 p<0.05 1598:1603 p<0.05 1598:1603 p<0.05 1598:1603 Results indicate that the incorporation of 50 or 75 mg/ml alginate particles into 5% (w/v) PNIPAAm-g-CS solutions quadruple the adhesive tensile strength of PNIPAAm-gCS alone (p<0.05). 27805604 9 2 theme reversible 1377:1386 arg1 transition 1394:1403 the reversible phase transition 1373:1403 the reversible phase transition of PNIPAAm-g-CS 1373:1419 We have adapted standard biomaterials characterization procedures to take into account the reversible phase transition of PNIPAAm-g-CS. 27805604 1 3 theme implantable 184:194 arg1 biomaterials 156:167 Injectable biomaterials 145:167 Injectable biomaterials 145:167 Injectable biomaterials are defined as implantable materials that can be introduced into the body as a liquid and solidify in situ. 27805604 1 3 theme implantable 184:194 arg1 solidify 259:266 solidify 259:266 solidify 259:266 Injectable biomaterials are defined as implantable materials that can be introduced into the body as a liquid and solidify in situ. 27805604 1 3 theme implantable 184:194 arg1 liquid 248:253 liquid 248:253 liquid 248:253 Injectable biomaterials are defined as implantable materials that can be introduced into the body as a liquid and solidify in situ. 27805604 1 3 theme implantable 184:194 arg1 materials 196:204 implantable materials 184:204 implantable materials that can be introduced into the body as a liquid and solidify in situ 184:274 Injectable biomaterials are defined as implantable materials that can be introduced into the body as a liquid and solidify in situ. 27805604 5 4 theme forces 819:824 arg1 transmission 803:814 adequate transmission 794:814 adequate transmission of forces 794:824 This will minimize the risk of dislocation during motion and ensure intimate contact with the surrounding tissue, providing adequate transmission of forces. 27805604 4 5 theme load-bearing 559:570 arg1 areas 572:576 certain load-bearing areas 551:576 certain load-bearing areas 551:576 However, for the repair of certain load-bearing areas in the body, such as the intervertebral disc, scaffolds should possess adhesive properties. 27805604 4 5 theme load-bearing 559:570 arg1 disc 618:621 the intervertebral disc 599:621 the intervertebral disc 599:621 However, for the repair of certain load-bearing areas in the body, such as the intervertebral disc, scaffolds should possess adhesive properties. 27805604 9 6 theme standard 1302:1309 arg1 procedures 1341:1350 standard biomaterials characterization procedures 1302:1350 standard biomaterials characterization procedures 1302:1350 We have adapted standard biomaterials characterization procedures to take into account the reversible phase transition of PNIPAAm-g-CS. 27805604 7 7 theme PNIPAAm-g-CS 1030:1041 arg1 copolymer 1043:1051 The PNIPAAm-g-CS copolymer 1026:1051 The PNIPAAm-g-CS copolymer 1026:1051 The PNIPAAm-g-CS copolymer forms a viscous solution in water at RT, into which alginate particles are suspended to enhance adhesion. 27805604 5 8 theme dislocation 701:711 arg1 risk 693:696 the risk 689:696 the risk of dislocation during motion 689:725 This will minimize the risk of dislocation during motion and ensure intimate contact with the surrounding tissue, providing adequate transmission of forces. 27805604 4 9 theme intervertebral 603:616 arg1 disc 618:621 the intervertebral disc 599:621 the intervertebral disc 599:621 However, for the repair of certain load-bearing areas in the body, such as the intervertebral disc, scaffolds should possess adhesive properties. 27805604 5 10 theme surrounding 764:774 arg1 tissue 776:781 the surrounding tissue 760:781 the surrounding tissue 760:781 This will minimize the risk of dislocation during motion and ensure intimate contact with the surrounding tissue, providing adequate transmission of forces. 27805604 4 11 theme certain 551:557 arg1 areas 572:576 certain load-bearing areas 551:576 certain load-bearing areas 551:576 However, for the repair of certain load-bearing areas in the body, such as the intervertebral disc, scaffolds should possess adhesive properties. 27805604 4 11 theme certain 551:557 arg1 disc 618:621 the intervertebral disc 599:621 the intervertebral disc 599:621 However, for the repair of certain load-bearing areas in the body, such as the intervertebral disc, scaffolds should possess adhesive properties. 27805604 10 12 theme tensile 1559:1565 arg1 strength 1567:1574 the adhesive tensile strength 1546:1574 the adhesive tensile strength of PNIPAAm-gCS 1546:1589 Results indicate that the incorporation of 50 or 75 mg/ml alginate particles into 5% (w/v) PNIPAAm-g-CS solutions quadruple the adhesive tensile strength of PNIPAAm-gCS alone (p<0.05). 27805604 2 13 theme clinical 302:309 arg1 advantages 311:320 the clinical advantages 298:320 the clinical advantages of being implanted minimally invasively and easily forming space-filling solids in irregularly shaped defects 298:430 Such materials offer the clinical advantages of being implanted minimally invasively and easily forming space-filling solids in irregularly shaped defects. 27805604 12 14 theme Embryonic 2057:2065 arg1 Kidney 2067:2072 Human Embryonic Kidney 2051:2072 encapsulated Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293 cells 2038:2088 Finally, results of the in vitro toxicology assay kit, 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) and Live/Dead viability assay indicate that the adhesive is capable of supporting the survival and proliferation of encapsulated Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293 cells over 5 days. 27805604 12 14 theme Embryonic 2057:2065 arg1 HEK 2075:2077 HEK 2075:2077 HEK 2075:2077 Finally, results of the in vitro toxicology assay kit, 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) and Live/Dead viability assay indicate that the adhesive is capable of supporting the survival and proliferation of encapsulated Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293 cells over 5 days. 27805604 4 15 from repair 541:546 arg1 body 585:588 the body 581:588 the body 581:588 However, for the repair of certain load-bearing areas in the body, such as the intervertebral disc, scaffolds should possess adhesive properties. 27805604 12 16 theme kit 1838:1840 arg1 XTT 1917:1919 the in vitro toxicology assay kit, 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) and Live/Dead viability assay 1808:1950 XTT 1917:1919 Finally, results of the in vitro toxicology assay kit, 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) and Live/Dead viability assay indicate that the adhesive is capable of supporting the survival and proliferation of encapsulated Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293 cells over 5 days. 27805604 2 17 theme space-filling 381:393 arg1 solids 395:400 space-filling solids 381:400 space-filling solids 381:400 Such materials offer the clinical advantages of being implanted minimally invasively and easily forming space-filling solids in irregularly shaped defects. 27805604 12 18 theme XTT 1917:1919 arg1 results 1797:1803 results 1797:1803 results of the in vitro toxicology assay kit, 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) and Live/Dead viability assay 1797:1950 Finally, results of the in vitro toxicology assay kit, 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) and Live/Dead viability assay indicate that the adhesive is capable of supporting the survival and proliferation of encapsulated Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293 cells over 5 days. 27805604 10 19 theme 5 1504:1504 arg1 % 1505:1505 % 1505:1505 % 1505:1505 Results indicate that the incorporation of 50 or 75 mg/ml alginate particles into 5% (w/v) PNIPAAm-g-CS solutions quadruple the adhesive tensile strength of PNIPAAm-gCS alone (p<0.05). 27805604 12 20 theme assay 1832:1836 arg1 XTT 1917:1919 the in vitro toxicology assay kit, 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) and Live/Dead viability assay 1808:1950 XTT 1917:1919 Finally, results of the in vitro toxicology assay kit, 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) and Live/Dead viability assay indicate that the adhesive is capable of supporting the survival and proliferation of encapsulated Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293 cells over 5 days. 27805604 10 21 theme % 1505:1505 arg1 solutions 1526:1534 5% (w/v) PNIPAAm-g-CS solutions 1504:1534 5% (w/v) PNIPAAm-g-CS solutions 1504:1534 Results indicate that the incorporation of 50 or 75 mg/ml alginate particles into 5% (w/v) PNIPAAm-g-CS solutions quadruple the adhesive tensile strength of PNIPAAm-gCS alone (p<0.05). 27805604 0 22 theme Tissue 125:130 arg1 Engineering 132:142 Tissue Engineering 125:142 Tissue Engineering 125:142 Synthesis of Thermogelling Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-graft-chondroitin Sulfate Composites with Alginate Microparticles for Tissue Engineering. 27805604 12 23 theme assay 1946:1950 arg1 results 1797:1803 results 1797:1803 results of the in vitro toxicology assay kit, 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) and Live/Dead viability assay 1797:1950 Finally, results of the in vitro toxicology assay kit, 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) and Live/Dead viability assay indicate that the adhesive is capable of supporting the survival and proliferation of encapsulated Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293 cells over 5 days. 27805604 8 24 theme solid 1249:1253 arg1 gel 1255:1257 a solid gel 1247:1257 a solid gel 1247:1257 Above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST), around 30 °C, the copolymer forms a solid gel around the microparticles. 27805604 10 25 theme particles 1489:1497 arg1 incorporation 1448:1460 the incorporation 1444:1460 the incorporation of 50 or 75 mg/ml alginate particles into 5% (w/v) PNIPAAm-g-CS solutions 1444:1534 Results indicate that the incorporation of 50 or 75 mg/ml alginate particles into 5% (w/v) PNIPAAm-g-CS solutions quadruple the adhesive tensile strength of PNIPAAm-gCS alone (p<0.05). 27805604 12 26 theme Live/Dead 1926:1934 arg1 assay 1946:1950 the in vitro toxicology assay kit, 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) and Live/Dead viability assay 1808:1950 assay 1946:1950 Finally, results of the in vitro toxicology assay kit, 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) and Live/Dead viability assay indicate that the adhesive is capable of supporting the survival and proliferation of encapsulated Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293 cells over 5 days. 27805604 12 27 theme Kidney 2067:2072 arg1 cells 2084:2088 encapsulated Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293 cells 2038:2088 encapsulated Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293 cells 2038:2088 Finally, results of the in vitro toxicology assay kit, 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) and Live/Dead viability assay indicate that the adhesive is capable of supporting the survival and proliferation of encapsulated Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293 cells over 5 days. 27805604 9 28 theme PNIPAAm-g-CS 1408:1419 arg1 transition 1394:1403 the reversible phase transition 1373:1403 the reversible phase transition of PNIPAAm-g-CS 1373:1419 We have adapted standard biomaterials characterization procedures to take into account the reversible phase transition of PNIPAAm-g-CS. 27805604 5 29 theme adequate 794:801 arg1 transmission 803:814 adequate transmission 794:814 adequate transmission of forces 794:824 This will minimize the risk of dislocation during motion and ensure intimate contact with the surrounding tissue, providing adequate transmission of forces. 27805604 10 30 theme PNIPAAm-gCS 1579:1589 arg1 strength 1567:1574 the adhesive tensile strength 1546:1574 the adhesive tensile strength of PNIPAAm-gCS 1546:1589 Results indicate that the incorporation of 50 or 75 mg/ml alginate particles into 5% (w/v) PNIPAAm-g-CS solutions quadruple the adhesive tensile strength of PNIPAAm-gCS alone (p<0.05). 27805604 2 31 theme shaped 417:422 arg1 defects 424:430 irregularly shaped defects 405:430 irregularly shaped defects 405:430 Such materials offer the clinical advantages of being implanted minimally invasively and easily forming space-filling solids in irregularly shaped defects. 27805604 12 32 theme cells 2084:2088 arg1 proliferation 2021:2033 proliferation 2021:2033 proliferation 2021:2033 Finally, results of the in vitro toxicology assay kit, 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) and Live/Dead viability assay indicate that the adhesive is capable of supporting the survival and proliferation of encapsulated Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293 cells over 5 days. 27805604 12 32 theme cells 2084:2088 arg1 survival 2008:2015 survival 2008:2015 survival 2008:2015 Finally, results of the in vitro toxicology assay kit, 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) and Live/Dead viability assay indicate that the adhesive is capable of supporting the survival and proliferation of encapsulated Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293 cells over 5 days. 27805604 9 33 theme phase 1388:1392 arg1 transition 1394:1403 the reversible phase transition 1373:1403 the reversible phase transition of PNIPAAm-g-CS 1373:1419 We have adapted standard biomaterials characterization procedures to take into account the reversible phase transition of PNIPAAm-g-CS. 27805604 9 34 theme biomaterials 1311:1322 arg1 procedures 1341:1350 standard biomaterials characterization procedures 1302:1350 standard biomaterials characterization procedures 1302:1350 We have adapted standard biomaterials characterization procedures to take into account the reversible phase transition of PNIPAAm-g-CS. 27805604 12 35 theme in 1812:1813 arg1 XTT 1917:1919 the in vitro toxicology assay kit, 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) and Live/Dead viability assay 1808:1950 XTT 1917:1919 Finally, results of the in vitro toxicology assay kit, 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) and Live/Dead viability assay indicate that the adhesive is capable of supporting the survival and proliferation of encapsulated Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293 cells over 5 days. 27805604 11 36 theme alginate 1628:1635 arg1 microparticles 1637:1650 alginate microparticles 1628:1650 alginate microparticles 1628:1650 The incorporation of alginate microparticles also significantly increases swelling capacity of PNIPAAm-g-CS (p<0.05), helping to maintain a space-filling gel within tissue defects. 27805604 12 37 dep XTT 1917:1919 arg1 2,3-bis- 1843:1850 the in vitro toxicology assay kit, 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) and Live/Dead viability assay 1808:1950 2,3-bis- 1843:1850 Finally, results of the in vitro toxicology assay kit, 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) and Live/Dead viability assay indicate that the adhesive is capable of supporting the survival and proliferation of encapsulated Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293 cells over 5 days. 27805604 7 38 from solution 1069:1076 arg1 water 1081:1085 water 1081:1085 water 1081:1085 The PNIPAAm-g-CS copolymer forms a viscous solution in water at RT, into which alginate particles are suspended to enhance adhesion. 27805604 5 39 theme intimate 738:745 arg1 contact 747:753 intimate contact 738:753 intimate contact with the surrounding tissue 738:781 This will minimize the risk of dislocation during motion and ensure intimate contact with the surrounding tissue, providing adequate transmission of forces. 27805604 12 40 theme toxicology 1821:1830 arg1 XTT 1917:1919 the in vitro toxicology assay kit, 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) and Live/Dead viability assay 1808:1950 XTT 1917:1919 Finally, results of the in vitro toxicology assay kit, 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) and Live/Dead viability assay indicate that the adhesive is capable of supporting the survival and proliferation of encapsulated Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293 cells over 5 days. 27805604 10 41 theme adhesive 1550:1557 arg1 strength 1567:1574 the adhesive tensile strength 1546:1574 the adhesive tensile strength of PNIPAAm-gCS 1546:1589 Results indicate that the incorporation of 50 or 75 mg/ml alginate particles into 5% (w/v) PNIPAAm-g-CS solutions quadruple the adhesive tensile strength of PNIPAAm-gCS alone (p<0.05). 27805604 10 42 dep % 1505:1505 arg1 w/v 1508:1510 w/v 1508:1510 w/v 1508:1510 Results indicate that the incorporation of 50 or 75 mg/ml alginate particles into 5% (w/v) PNIPAAm-g-CS solutions quadruple the adhesive tensile strength of PNIPAAm-gCS alone (p<0.05). 27805604 10 43 theme mg/ml alginate 1474:1487 arg1 particles 1489:1497 50 or 75 mg/ml alginate particles 1465:1497 50 or 75 mg/ml alginate particles 1465:1497 Results indicate that the incorporation of 50 or 75 mg/ml alginate particles into 5% (w/v) PNIPAAm-g-CS solutions quadruple the adhesive tensile strength of PNIPAAm-gCS alone (p<0.05). 27805604 4 44 from body 585:588 arg1 repair 541:546 the repair 537:546 the repair of certain load-bearing areas in the body, such as the intervertebral disc 537:621 However, for the repair of certain load-bearing areas in the body, such as the intervertebral disc, scaffolds should possess adhesive properties. 27805604 0 45 theme Sulfate 73:79 arg1 Composites 81:90 Thermogelling Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-graft-chondroitin Sulfate Composites 13:90 Thermogelling Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-graft-chondroitin Sulfate Composites 13:90 Synthesis of Thermogelling Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-graft-chondroitin Sulfate Composites with Alginate Microparticles for Tissue Engineering. 27805604 11 46 theme tissue 1772:1777 arg1 defects 1779:1785 tissue defects 1772:1785 tissue defects 1772:1785 The incorporation of alginate microparticles also significantly increases swelling capacity of PNIPAAm-g-CS (p<0.05), helping to maintain a space-filling gel within tissue defects. 27805604 12 47 theme encapsulated 2038:2049 arg1 cells 2084:2088 encapsulated Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293 cells 2038:2088 encapsulated Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293 cells 2038:2088 Finally, results of the in vitro toxicology assay kit, 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) and Live/Dead viability assay indicate that the adhesive is capable of supporting the survival and proliferation of encapsulated Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293 cells over 5 days. 27805604 6 48 dep preparation 849:859 arg1 the 845:847 the 845:847 the 845:847 Here, we describe the preparation and characterization of a scaffold composed of thermally sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-graft-chondroitin sulfate (PNIPAAM-g-CS) and alginate microparticles. 27805604 12 49 dep survival 2008:2015 arg1 the 2004:2006 the 2004:2006 the 2004:2006 Finally, results of the in vitro toxicology assay kit, 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) and Live/Dead viability assay indicate that the adhesive is capable of supporting the survival and proliferation of encapsulated Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293 cells over 5 days. 27805604 6 50 dep -graft-chondroitin 955:972 arg1 sensitive 918:926 sensitive 918:926 sensitive 918:926 Here, we describe the preparation and characterization of a scaffold composed of thermally sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-graft-chondroitin sulfate (PNIPAAM-g-CS) and alginate microparticles. 27805604 11 51 theme space-filling 1747:1759 arg1 gel 1761:1763 a space-filling gel 1745:1763 a space-filling gel 1745:1763 The incorporation of alginate microparticles also significantly increases swelling capacity of PNIPAAm-g-CS (p<0.05), helping to maintain a space-filling gel within tissue defects. 27805604 12 52 theme -2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide 1884:1914 arg1 XTT 1917:1919 the in vitro toxicology assay kit, 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) and Live/Dead viability assay 1808:1950 XTT 1917:1919 Finally, results of the in vitro toxicology assay kit, 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) and Live/Dead viability assay indicate that the adhesive is capable of supporting the survival and proliferation of encapsulated Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293 cells over 5 days. 27805604 3 53 theme tissue 504:509 arg1 engineering 511:521 tissue engineering 504:521 tissue engineering 504:521 Injectable biomaterials have been widely investigated as scaffolds for tissue engineering. 27805604 3 54 theme Injectable 433:442 arg1 biomaterials 444:455 Injectable biomaterials 433:455 Injectable biomaterials 433:455 Injectable biomaterials have been widely investigated as scaffolds for tissue engineering. 27805604 3 54 theme Injectable 433:442 arg1 scaffolds 490:498 scaffolds 490:498 scaffolds for tissue engineering 490:521 Injectable biomaterials have been widely investigated as scaffolds for tissue engineering. 27805604 4 55 theme areas 572:576 arg1 repair 541:546 the repair 537:546 the repair of certain load-bearing areas in the body, such as the intervertebral disc 537:621 However, for the repair of certain load-bearing areas in the body, such as the intervertebral disc, scaffolds should possess adhesive properties. 27805604 8 56 theme lower 1169:1173 arg1 LCST 1206:1209 LCST 1206:1209 LCST 1206:1209 Above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST), around 30 °C, the copolymer forms a solid gel around the microparticles. 27805604 8 56 theme lower 1169:1173 arg1 temperature 1193:1203 the lower critical solution temperature 1165:1203 the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) 1165:1210 Above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST), around 30 °C, the copolymer forms a solid gel around the microparticles. 27805604 8 56 theme lower 1169:1173 arg1 °C 1223:1224 around 30 °C 1213:1224 around 30 °C 1213:1224 Above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST), around 30 °C, the copolymer forms a solid gel around the microparticles. 27805604 1 57 dep liquid 248:253 arg1 in 268:269 in 268:269 in 268:269 Injectable biomaterials are defined as implantable materials that can be introduced into the body as a liquid and solidify in situ. 27805604 12 58 theme viability 1936:1944 arg1 assay 1946:1950 the in vitro toxicology assay kit, 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) and Live/Dead viability assay 1808:1950 assay 1946:1950 Finally, results of the in vitro toxicology assay kit, 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) and Live/Dead viability assay indicate that the adhesive is capable of supporting the survival and proliferation of encapsulated Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293 cells over 5 days. 27805604 4 59 from areas 572:576 arg1 body 585:588 the body 581:588 the body 581:588 However, for the repair of certain load-bearing areas in the body, such as the intervertebral disc, scaffolds should possess adhesive properties. 27805604 7 60 theme alginate 1105:1112 arg1 particles 1114:1122 alginate particles 1105:1122 alginate particles 1105:1122 The PNIPAAm-g-CS copolymer forms a viscous solution in water at RT, into which alginate particles are suspended to enhance adhesion. 27805604 6 61 theme scaffold 887:894 arg1 characterization 865:880 characterization 865:880 characterization 865:880 Here, we describe the preparation and characterization of a scaffold composed of thermally sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-graft-chondroitin sulfate (PNIPAAM-g-CS) and alginate microparticles. 27805604 6 61 theme scaffold 887:894 arg1 preparation 849:859 preparation 849:859 preparation 849:859 Here, we describe the preparation and characterization of a scaffold composed of thermally sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-graft-chondroitin sulfate (PNIPAAM-g-CS) and alginate microparticles. 27805604 10 62 theme PNIPAAm-g-CS 1513:1524 arg1 solutions 1526:1534 5% (w/v) PNIPAAm-g-CS solutions 1504:1534 5% (w/v) PNIPAAm-g-CS solutions 1504:1534 Results indicate that the incorporation of 50 or 75 mg/ml alginate particles into 5% (w/v) PNIPAAm-g-CS solutions quadruple the adhesive tensile strength of PNIPAAm-gCS alone (p<0.05). 27805604 11 63 theme microparticles 1637:1650 arg1 incorporation 1611:1623 The incorporation 1607:1623 The incorporation of alginate microparticles 1607:1650 The incorporation of alginate microparticles also significantly increases swelling capacity of PNIPAAm-g-CS (p<0.05), helping to maintain a space-filling gel within tissue defects. 27805604 1 64 theme Injectable 145:154 arg1 biomaterials 156:167 Injectable biomaterials 145:167 Injectable biomaterials 145:167 Injectable biomaterials are defined as implantable materials that can be introduced into the body as a liquid and solidify in situ. 27805604 1 64 theme Injectable 145:154 arg1 materials 196:204 implantable materials 184:204 implantable materials that can be introduced into the body as a liquid and solidify in situ 184:274 Injectable biomaterials are defined as implantable materials that can be introduced into the body as a liquid and solidify in situ. 27805604 12 65 dep in 1812:1813 arg1 vitro 1815:1819 vitro 1815:1819 vitro 1815:1819 Finally, results of the in vitro toxicology assay kit, 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) and Live/Dead viability assay indicate that the adhesive is capable of supporting the survival and proliferation of encapsulated Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293 cells over 5 days. 27805604 12 66 theme Human 2051:2055 arg1 Kidney 2067:2072 Human Embryonic Kidney 2051:2072 encapsulated Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293 cells 2038:2088 Finally, results of the in vitro toxicology assay kit, 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) and Live/Dead viability assay indicate that the adhesive is capable of supporting the survival and proliferation of encapsulated Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293 cells over 5 days. 27805604 12 66 theme Human 2051:2055 arg1 HEK 2075:2077 HEK 2075:2077 HEK 2075:2077 Finally, results of the in vitro toxicology assay kit, 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) and Live/Dead viability assay indicate that the adhesive is capable of supporting the survival and proliferation of encapsulated Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293 cells over 5 days. 27805604 8 67 theme solution 1184:1191 arg1 LCST 1206:1209 LCST 1206:1209 LCST 1206:1209 Above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST), around 30 °C, the copolymer forms a solid gel around the microparticles. 27805604 8 67 theme solution 1184:1191 arg1 temperature 1193:1203 the lower critical solution temperature 1165:1203 the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) 1165:1210 Above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST), around 30 °C, the copolymer forms a solid gel around the microparticles. 27805604 8 67 theme solution 1184:1191 arg1 °C 1223:1224 around 30 °C 1213:1224 around 30 °C 1213:1224 Above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST), around 30 °C, the copolymer forms a solid gel around the microparticles. 27805604 2 68 theme Such 277:280 arg1 materials 282:290 Such materials 277:290 Such materials 277:290 Such materials offer the clinical advantages of being implanted minimally invasively and easily forming space-filling solids in irregularly shaped defects. 27805604 0 69 with Synthesis 0:8 arg1 Microparticles 106:119 Alginate Microparticles 97:119 Alginate Microparticles for Tissue Engineering 97:142 Synthesis of Thermogelling Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-graft-chondroitin Sulfate Composites with Alginate Microparticles for Tissue Engineering. 27805604 12 70 theme 2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl 1852:1882 arg1 XTT 1917:1919 the in vitro toxicology assay kit, 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) and Live/Dead viability assay 1808:1950 XTT 1917:1919 Finally, results of the in vitro toxicology assay kit, 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) and Live/Dead viability assay indicate that the adhesive is capable of supporting the survival and proliferation of encapsulated Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293 cells over 5 days. 27805604 8 71 theme critical 1175:1182 arg1 LCST 1206:1209 LCST 1206:1209 LCST 1206:1209 Above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST), around 30 °C, the copolymer forms a solid gel around the microparticles. 27805604 8 71 theme critical 1175:1182 arg1 temperature 1193:1203 the lower critical solution temperature 1165:1203 the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) 1165:1210 Above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST), around 30 °C, the copolymer forms a solid gel around the microparticles. 27805604 8 71 theme critical 1175:1182 arg1 °C 1223:1224 around 30 °C 1213:1224 around 30 °C 1213:1224 Above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST), around 30 °C, the copolymer forms a solid gel around the microparticles. 27805604 1 72 dep in 268:269 arg1 situ 271:274 situ 271:274 situ 271:274 Injectable biomaterials are defined as implantable materials that can be introduced into the body as a liquid and solidify in situ. 27805604 7 73 theme viscous 1061:1067 arg1 solution 1069:1076 a viscous solution 1059:1076 a viscous solution in water 1059:1085 The PNIPAAm-g-CS copolymer forms a viscous solution in water at RT, into which alginate particles are suspended to enhance adhesion. 27805604 0 74 theme Composites 81:90 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis of Thermogelling Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-graft-chondroitin Sulfate Composites with Alginate Microparticles for Tissue Engineering. 0:143 Synthesis of Thermogelling Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-graft-chondroitin Sulfate Composites with Alginate Microparticles for Tissue Engineering. 27805604 5 75 with contact 747:753 arg1 tissue 776:781 the surrounding tissue 760:781 the surrounding tissue 760:781 This will minimize the risk of dislocation during motion and ensure intimate contact with the surrounding tissue, providing adequate transmission of forces. 27805604 11 76 theme PNIPAAm-g-CS 1702:1713 arg1 capacity 1690:1697 swelling capacity 1681:1697 swelling capacity of PNIPAAm-g-CS (p<0.05) 1681:1722 The incorporation of alginate microparticles also significantly increases swelling capacity of PNIPAAm-g-CS (p<0.05), helping to maintain a space-filling gel within tissue defects. 27805604 6 77 theme -graft-chondroitin 955:972 arg1 sulfate 974:980 thermally sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-graft-chondroitin sulfate 908:980 thermally sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-graft-chondroitin sulfate (PNIPAAM-g-CS) 908:995 Here, we describe the preparation and characterization of a scaffold composed of thermally sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-graft-chondroitin sulfate (PNIPAAM-g-CS) and alginate microparticles. 27805604 6 77 theme -graft-chondroitin 955:972 arg1 PNIPAAM-g-CS 983:994 PNIPAAM-g-CS 983:994 PNIPAAM-g-CS 983:994 Here, we describe the preparation and characterization of a scaffold composed of thermally sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-graft-chondroitin sulfate (PNIPAAM-g-CS) and alginate microparticles. 27805604 0 78 theme -graft-chondroitin 54:71 arg1 Composites 81:90 Thermogelling Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-graft-chondroitin Sulfate Composites 13:90 Thermogelling Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-graft-chondroitin Sulfate Composites 13:90 Synthesis of Thermogelling Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-graft-chondroitin Sulfate Composites with Alginate Microparticles for Tissue Engineering. 27805604 9 79 theme characterization 1324:1339 arg1 procedures 1341:1350 standard biomaterials characterization procedures 1302:1350 standard biomaterials characterization procedures 1302:1350 We have adapted standard biomaterials characterization procedures to take into account the reversible phase transition of PNIPAAm-g-CS. 27805604 4 80 contain possess 641:647 arg2 properties 658:667 adhesive properties 649:667 adhesive properties 649:667 However, for the repair of certain load-bearing areas in the body, such as the intervertebral disc, scaffolds should possess adhesive properties. 27805604 4 80 contain possess 641:647 arg1 scaffolds 624:632 scaffolds 624:632 scaffolds 624:632 However, for the repair of certain load-bearing areas in the body, such as the intervertebral disc, scaffolds should possess adhesive properties. 27805604 11 81 theme swelling 1681:1688 arg1 capacity 1690:1697 swelling capacity 1681:1697 swelling capacity of PNIPAAm-g-CS (p<0.05) 1681:1722 The incorporation of alginate microparticles also significantly increases swelling capacity of PNIPAAm-g-CS (p<0.05), helping to maintain a space-filling gel within tissue defects. 27805604 6 82 theme alginate 1001:1008 arg1 microparticles 1010:1023 alginate microparticles 1001:1023 alginate microparticles 1001:1023 Here, we describe the preparation and characterization of a scaffold composed of thermally sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-graft-chondroitin sulfate (PNIPAAM-g-CS) and alginate microparticles. 27805604 4 83 theme adhesive 649:656 arg1 properties 658:667 adhesive properties 649:667 adhesive properties 649:667 However, for the repair of certain load-bearing areas in the body, such as the intervertebral disc, scaffolds should possess adhesive properties. 26862979 4 0 theme 85-93 768:772 arg1 g 781:781 g 781:781 g 781:781 With the six donors analyzed in this study, gas production varied from 59-80 mL/0.5 g fiber at 12 h and 85-93 mL/0.5 g fiber at 24 h between the six donors. 26862979 2 1 theme acids 331:335 arg1 concentration 296:308 the concentration 292:308 the concentration of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the distal intestine due to its fermentability 292:393 PHGG supports bifidogenic and lactogenic growth, and increases the concentration of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the distal intestine due to its fermentability. 26862979 4 2 theme g 781:781 arg1 fiber 783:787 85-93 mL/0.5 g fiber 768:787 85-93 mL/0.5 g fiber 768:787 With the six donors analyzed in this study, gas production varied from 59-80 mL/0.5 g fiber at 12 h and 85-93 mL/0.5 g fiber at 24 h between the six donors. 26862979 8 3 theme individuals 1534:1544 arg1 microflora 1552:1561 healthy individuals fecal microflora 1526:1561 healthy individuals fecal microflora 1526:1561 With over a 2-fold difference in SCFA production, significant differences were found among healthy individuals fecal microflora when exposed to PHGG. 26862979 3 4 from colon 473:477 arg1 fermentation 435:446 the fermentation 431:446 the fermentation of dietary fibers in the colon 431:477 Changes in SCFA development due to the fermentation of dietary fibers in the colon have been widely studied, but there are limited studies analyzing the differences in SCFA development across multiple individuals (ages 23-68) exposed to the same dietary fiber (PHGG). 26862979 3 5 from fermentation 435:446 arg1 colon 473:477 the colon 469:477 the colon 469:477 Changes in SCFA development due to the fermentation of dietary fibers in the colon have been widely studied, but there are limited studies analyzing the differences in SCFA development across multiple individuals (ages 23-68) exposed to the same dietary fiber (PHGG). 26862979 3 6 theme limited 519:525 arg1 studies 527:533 limited studies 519:533 limited studies analyzing the differences in SCFA development across multiple individuals (ages 23-68) exposed to the same dietary fiber (PHGG) 519:661 Changes in SCFA development due to the fermentation of dietary fibers in the colon have been widely studied, but there are limited studies analyzing the differences in SCFA development across multiple individuals (ages 23-68) exposed to the same dietary fiber (PHGG). 26862979 7 7 theme microflora 1423:1432 arg1 changes 1402:1408 changes 1402:1408 changes 1402:1408 SCFA development in the distal intestine increases the amount of metabolizable energy from the diet, but varies greatly among people based primarily on the composition and changes of their gut microflora. 26862979 7 7 theme microflora 1423:1432 arg1 composition 1386:1396 composition 1386:1396 composition 1386:1396 SCFA development in the distal intestine increases the amount of metabolizable energy from the diet, but varies greatly among people based primarily on the composition and changes of their gut microflora. 26862979 8 8 from difference 1454:1463 arg1 production 1473:1482 SCFA production 1468:1482 SCFA production 1468:1482 With over a 2-fold difference in SCFA production, significant differences were found among healthy individuals fecal microflora when exposed to PHGG. 26862979 6 9 theme overall 1048:1054 arg1 30 1104:1105 30 1104:1105 30 1104:1105 The overall average SCFA ratio for the six fecal donors was 30 : 45 : 25 (acetate : propionate : butyrate), which is similar to other fermentable fibers analyzed using in vitro systems. 26862979 6 9 theme overall 1048:1054 arg1 ratio 1069:1073 The overall average SCFA ratio 1044:1073 The overall average SCFA ratio for the six fecal donors 1044:1098 The overall average SCFA ratio for the six fecal donors was 30 : 45 : 25 (acetate : propionate : butyrate), which is similar to other fermentable fibers analyzed using in vitro systems. 26862979 6 10 theme other 1172:1176 arg1 fibers 1190:1195 other fermentable fibers 1172:1195 other fermentable fibers analyzed using in vitro systems 1172:1227 The overall average SCFA ratio for the six fecal donors was 30 : 45 : 25 (acetate : propionate : butyrate), which is similar to other fermentable fibers analyzed using in vitro systems. 26862979 7 11 theme energy 1309:1314 arg1 amount 1285:1290 the amount 1281:1290 the amount of metabolizable energy from the diet 1281:1328 SCFA development in the distal intestine increases the amount of metabolizable energy from the diet, but varies greatly among people based primarily on the composition and changes of their gut microflora. 26862979 7 11 theme energy 1309:1314 arg1 energy 1309:1314 metabolizable energy 1295:1314 metabolizable energy from the diet 1295:1328 SCFA development in the distal intestine increases the amount of metabolizable energy from the diet, but varies greatly among people based primarily on the composition and changes of their gut microflora. 26862979 7 12 from diet 1325:1328 arg1 amount 1285:1290 the amount 1281:1290 the amount of metabolizable energy from the diet 1281:1328 SCFA development in the distal intestine increases the amount of metabolizable energy from the diet, but varies greatly among people based primarily on the composition and changes of their gut microflora. 26862979 7 12 from diet 1325:1328 arg1 energy 1309:1314 metabolizable energy 1295:1314 metabolizable energy from the diet 1295:1328 SCFA development in the distal intestine increases the amount of metabolizable energy from the diet, but varies greatly among people based primarily on the composition and changes of their gut microflora. 26862979 11 13 dep in 1802:1803 arg1 vitro 1805:1809 vitro 1805:1809 vitro 1805:1809 Results of in vitro fermentation analyses are limited by the wide variation found with fecal donor. 26862979 5 14 theme μmol 891:894 arg1 -1 899:900 -1 899:900 -1 899:900 At 12 h butyrate concentrations varied from 6.99 μmol mL(-1) to 23.84 μmol mL(-1) and from 8.78 μmol mL(-1) to 22.84 μmol mL(-1) at 24 h. Total SCFA concentration at 24 h ranged from 42.85 μmol mL(-1) to 91.17 μmol mL(-1). 26862979 5 14 theme μmol 891:894 arg1 mL 896:897 23.84 μmol mL 885:897 23.84 μmol mL(-1) 885:901 At 12 h butyrate concentrations varied from 6.99 μmol mL(-1) to 23.84 μmol mL(-1) and from 8.78 μmol mL(-1) to 22.84 μmol mL(-1) at 24 h. Total SCFA concentration at 24 h ranged from 42.85 μmol mL(-1) to 91.17 μmol mL(-1). 26862979 9 15 theme quicker 1645:1651 arg1 process 1666:1672 a quicker fermentation process 1643:1672 a quicker fermentation process than the other five donors 1643:1699 Donor 6 SCFA concentrations decreased at 24 h, indicating a quicker fermentation process than the other five donors. 26862979 5 16 theme μmol 1031:1034 arg1 -1 1039:1040 -1 1039:1040 -1 1039:1040 At 12 h butyrate concentrations varied from 6.99 μmol mL(-1) to 23.84 μmol mL(-1) and from 8.78 μmol mL(-1) to 22.84 μmol mL(-1) at 24 h. Total SCFA concentration at 24 h ranged from 42.85 μmol mL(-1) to 91.17 μmol mL(-1). 26862979 5 16 theme μmol 1031:1034 arg1 mL 1036:1037 91.17 μmol mL 1025:1037 91.17 μmol mL(-1) 1025:1041 At 12 h butyrate concentrations varied from 6.99 μmol mL(-1) to 23.84 μmol mL(-1) and from 8.78 μmol mL(-1) to 22.84 μmol mL(-1) at 24 h. Total SCFA concentration at 24 h ranged from 42.85 μmol mL(-1) to 91.17 μmol mL(-1). 26862979 0 17 theme fermentation 51:62 arg1 differences 64:74 guar gum fermentation differences 42:74 guar gum fermentation differences between six individuals 42:98 In vitro analysis of partially hydrolyzed guar gum fermentation differences between six individuals. 26862979 3 18 theme SCFA 564:567 arg1 development 569:579 SCFA development 564:579 SCFA development 564:579 Changes in SCFA development due to the fermentation of dietary fibers in the colon have been widely studied, but there are limited studies analyzing the differences in SCFA development across multiple individuals (ages 23-68) exposed to the same dietary fiber (PHGG). 26862979 8 19 theme SCFA 1468:1471 arg1 production 1473:1482 SCFA production 1468:1482 SCFA production 1468:1482 With over a 2-fold difference in SCFA production, significant differences were found among healthy individuals fecal microflora when exposed to PHGG. 26862979 1 20 theme fermentable 143:153 arg1 gum 127:129 Partially hydrolyzed guar gum 101:129 Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) 101:136 Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) is a fermentable, soluble, non-gelling fiber consumed as both a supplement and ingredient. 26862979 1 20 theme fermentable 143:153 arg1 fiber 177:181 a fermentable, soluble, non-gelling fiber 141:181 a fermentable, soluble, non-gelling fiber consumed as both a supplement and ingredient 141:226 Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) is a fermentable, soluble, non-gelling fiber consumed as both a supplement and ingredient. 26862979 2 21 from concentration 296:308 arg1 intestine 359:367 the distal intestine 348:367 the distal intestine due to its fermentability 348:393 PHGG supports bifidogenic and lactogenic growth, and increases the concentration of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the distal intestine due to its fermentability. 26862979 5 22 theme h 827:827 arg1 concentrations 838:851 12 h butyrate concentrations 824:851 12 h butyrate concentrations 824:851 At 12 h butyrate concentrations varied from 6.99 μmol mL(-1) to 23.84 μmol mL(-1) and from 8.78 μmol mL(-1) to 22.84 μmol mL(-1) at 24 h. Total SCFA concentration at 24 h ranged from 42.85 μmol mL(-1) to 91.17 μmol mL(-1). 26862979 5 23 theme μmol 917:920 arg1 -1 925:926 -1 925:926 -1 925:926 At 12 h butyrate concentrations varied from 6.99 μmol mL(-1) to 23.84 μmol mL(-1) and from 8.78 μmol mL(-1) to 22.84 μmol mL(-1) at 24 h. Total SCFA concentration at 24 h ranged from 42.85 μmol mL(-1) to 91.17 μmol mL(-1). 26862979 5 23 theme μmol 917:920 arg1 mL 922:923 8.78 μmol mL 912:923 8.78 μmol mL(-1) 912:927 At 12 h butyrate concentrations varied from 6.99 μmol mL(-1) to 23.84 μmol mL(-1) and from 8.78 μmol mL(-1) to 22.84 μmol mL(-1) at 24 h. Total SCFA concentration at 24 h ranged from 42.85 μmol mL(-1) to 91.17 μmol mL(-1). 26862979 6 24 theme SCFA 1064:1067 arg1 30 1104:1105 30 1104:1105 30 1104:1105 The overall average SCFA ratio for the six fecal donors was 30 : 45 : 25 (acetate : propionate : butyrate), which is similar to other fermentable fibers analyzed using in vitro systems. 26862979 6 24 theme SCFA 1064:1067 arg1 ratio 1069:1073 The overall average SCFA ratio 1044:1073 The overall average SCFA ratio for the six fecal donors 1044:1098 The overall average SCFA ratio for the six fecal donors was 30 : 45 : 25 (acetate : propionate : butyrate), which is similar to other fermentable fibers analyzed using in vitro systems. 26862979 11 25 theme analyses 1824:1831 arg1 Results 1791:1797 Results 1791:1797 Results of in vitro fermentation analyses 1791:1831 Results of in vitro fermentation analyses are limited by the wide variation found with fecal donor. 26862979 0 26 theme In 0:1 arg1 analysis 9:16 In vitro analysis 0:16 In vitro analysis of partially 0:29 In vitro analysis of partially hydrolyzed guar gum fermentation differences between six individuals. 26862979 7 27 dep composition 1386:1396 arg1 the 1382:1384 the 1382:1384 the 1382:1384 SCFA development in the distal intestine increases the amount of metabolizable energy from the diet, but varies greatly among people based primarily on the composition and changes of their gut microflora. 26862979 6 28 dep 30 1104:1105 arg1 45 1109:1110 45 1109:1110 45 1109:1110 The overall average SCFA ratio for the six fecal donors was 30 : 45 : 25 (acetate : propionate : butyrate), which is similar to other fermentable fibers analyzed using in vitro systems. 26862979 6 28 dep 30 1104:1105 arg1 25 1114:1115 25 1114:1115 25 1114:1115 The overall average SCFA ratio for the six fecal donors was 30 : 45 : 25 (acetate : propionate : butyrate), which is similar to other fermentable fibers analyzed using in vitro systems. 26862979 1 29 theme hydrolyzed 111:120 arg1 PHGG 132:135 PHGG 132:135 PHGG 132:135 Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) is a fermentable, soluble, non-gelling fiber consumed as both a supplement and ingredient. 26862979 1 29 theme hydrolyzed 111:120 arg1 gum 127:129 Partially hydrolyzed guar gum 101:129 Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) 101:136 Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) is a fermentable, soluble, non-gelling fiber consumed as both a supplement and ingredient. 26862979 1 29 theme hydrolyzed 111:120 arg1 fiber 177:181 a fermentable, soluble, non-gelling fiber 141:181 a fermentable, soluble, non-gelling fiber consumed as both a supplement and ingredient 141:226 Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) is a fermentable, soluble, non-gelling fiber consumed as both a supplement and ingredient. 26862979 4 30 theme 59-80 735:739 arg1 mL/0.5 741:746 mL/0.5 741:746 mL/0.5 741:746 With the six donors analyzed in this study, gas production varied from 59-80 mL/0.5 g fiber at 12 h and 85-93 mL/0.5 g fiber at 24 h between the six donors. 26862979 3 31 from differences 549:559 arg1 development 569:579 SCFA development 564:579 SCFA development 564:579 Changes in SCFA development due to the fermentation of dietary fibers in the colon have been widely studied, but there are limited studies analyzing the differences in SCFA development across multiple individuals (ages 23-68) exposed to the same dietary fiber (PHGG). 26862979 0 32 theme partially 21:29 arg1 analysis 9:16 In vitro analysis 0:16 In vitro analysis of partially 0:29 In vitro analysis of partially hydrolyzed guar gum fermentation differences between six individuals. 26862979 7 33 from development 1235:1245 arg1 intestine 1261:1269 the distal intestine 1250:1269 the distal intestine 1250:1269 SCFA development in the distal intestine increases the amount of metabolizable energy from the diet, but varies greatly among people based primarily on the composition and changes of their gut microflora. 26862979 4 34 theme g 748:748 arg1 fiber 750:754 59-80 mL/0.5 g fiber 735:754 59-80 mL/0.5 g fiber 735:754 With the six donors analyzed in this study, gas production varied from 59-80 mL/0.5 g fiber at 12 h and 85-93 mL/0.5 g fiber at 24 h between the six donors. 26862979 2 35 theme fatty 325:329 arg1 SCFAs 338:342 SCFAs 338:342 SCFAs 338:342 PHGG supports bifidogenic and lactogenic growth, and increases the concentration of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the distal intestine due to its fermentability. 26862979 2 35 theme fatty 325:329 arg1 acids 331:335 short chain fatty acids 313:335 short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) 313:343 PHGG supports bifidogenic and lactogenic growth, and increases the concentration of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the distal intestine due to its fermentability. 26862979 0 36 theme guar 42:45 arg1 gum 47:49 guar gum 42:49 guar gum fermentation differences between six individuals 42:98 In vitro analysis of partially hydrolyzed guar gum fermentation differences between six individuals. 26862979 6 37 dep 25 1114:1115 arg1 acetate 1118:1124 acetate 1118:1124 acetate : propionate : butyrate 1118:1148 The overall average SCFA ratio for the six fecal donors was 30 : 45 : 25 (acetate : propionate : butyrate), which is similar to other fermentable fibers analyzed using in vitro systems. 26862979 4 38 theme gas 708:710 arg1 production 712:721 gas production 708:721 gas production 708:721 With the six donors analyzed in this study, gas production varied from 59-80 mL/0.5 g fiber at 12 h and 85-93 mL/0.5 g fiber at 24 h between the six donors. 26862979 2 39 theme short 313:317 arg1 SCFAs 338:342 SCFAs 338:342 SCFAs 338:342 PHGG supports bifidogenic and lactogenic growth, and increases the concentration of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the distal intestine due to its fermentability. 26862979 2 39 theme short 313:317 arg1 acids 331:335 short chain fatty acids 313:335 short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) 313:343 PHGG supports bifidogenic and lactogenic growth, and increases the concentration of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the distal intestine due to its fermentability. 26862979 6 40 dep acetate 1118:1124 arg1 butyrate 1141:1148 butyrate 1141:1148 acetate : propionate : butyrate 1118:1148 The overall average SCFA ratio for the six fecal donors was 30 : 45 : 25 (acetate : propionate : butyrate), which is similar to other fermentable fibers analyzed using in vitro systems. 26862979 6 40 dep acetate 1118:1124 arg1 propionate 1128:1137 propionate 1128:1137 acetate : propionate : butyrate 1118:1148 The overall average SCFA ratio for the six fecal donors was 30 : 45 : 25 (acetate : propionate : butyrate), which is similar to other fermentable fibers analyzed using in vitro systems. 26862979 5 41 theme μmol 870:873 arg1 mL 875:876 6.99 μmol mL 865:876 6.99 μmol mL(-1) 865:880 At 12 h butyrate concentrations varied from 6.99 μmol mL(-1) to 23.84 μmol mL(-1) and from 8.78 μmol mL(-1) to 22.84 μmol mL(-1) at 24 h. Total SCFA concentration at 24 h ranged from 42.85 μmol mL(-1) to 91.17 μmol mL(-1). 26862979 5 41 theme μmol 870:873 arg1 -1 878:879 -1 878:879 -1 878:879 At 12 h butyrate concentrations varied from 6.99 μmol mL(-1) to 23.84 μmol mL(-1) and from 8.78 μmol mL(-1) to 22.84 μmol mL(-1) at 24 h. Total SCFA concentration at 24 h ranged from 42.85 μmol mL(-1) to 91.17 μmol mL(-1). 26862979 3 42 theme due 424:426 arg1 development 412:422 SCFA development 407:422 SCFA development due to the fermentation of dietary fibers in the colon 407:477 Changes in SCFA development due to the fermentation of dietary fibers in the colon have been widely studied, but there are limited studies analyzing the differences in SCFA development across multiple individuals (ages 23-68) exposed to the same dietary fiber (PHGG). 26862979 3 43 from Changes 396:402 arg1 development 412:422 SCFA development 407:422 SCFA development due to the fermentation of dietary fibers in the colon 407:477 Changes in SCFA development due to the fermentation of dietary fibers in the colon have been widely studied, but there are limited studies analyzing the differences in SCFA development across multiple individuals (ages 23-68) exposed to the same dietary fiber (PHGG). 26862979 0 44 dep In 0:1 arg1 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 In vitro analysis of partially hydrolyzed guar gum fermentation differences between six individuals. 26862979 8 45 theme healthy 1526:1532 arg1 individuals 1534:1544 healthy individuals 1526:1544 healthy individuals fecal microflora 1526:1561 With over a 2-fold difference in SCFA production, significant differences were found among healthy individuals fecal microflora when exposed to PHGG. 26862979 5 46 theme SCFA 965:968 arg1 concentration 970:982 Total SCFA concentration 959:982 Total SCFA concentration at 24 h 959:990 At 12 h butyrate concentrations varied from 6.99 μmol mL(-1) to 23.84 μmol mL(-1) and from 8.78 μmol mL(-1) to 22.84 μmol mL(-1) at 24 h. Total SCFA concentration at 24 h ranged from 42.85 μmol mL(-1) to 91.17 μmol mL(-1). 26862979 3 47 theme same 637:640 arg1 PHGG 657:660 PHGG 657:660 PHGG 657:660 Changes in SCFA development due to the fermentation of dietary fibers in the colon have been widely studied, but there are limited studies analyzing the differences in SCFA development across multiple individuals (ages 23-68) exposed to the same dietary fiber (PHGG). 26862979 3 47 theme same 637:640 arg1 fiber 650:654 the same dietary fiber 633:654 the same dietary fiber (PHGG) 633:661 Changes in SCFA development due to the fermentation of dietary fibers in the colon have been widely studied, but there are limited studies analyzing the differences in SCFA development across multiple individuals (ages 23-68) exposed to the same dietary fiber (PHGG). 26862979 8 48 theme fecal 1546:1550 arg1 microflora 1552:1561 healthy individuals fecal microflora 1526:1561 healthy individuals fecal microflora 1526:1561 With over a 2-fold difference in SCFA production, significant differences were found among healthy individuals fecal microflora when exposed to PHGG. 26862979 4 49 theme mL/0.5 774:779 arg1 g 781:781 g 781:781 g 781:781 With the six donors analyzed in this study, gas production varied from 59-80 mL/0.5 g fiber at 12 h and 85-93 mL/0.5 g fiber at 24 h between the six donors. 26862979 10 50 theme analysis 1781:1788 arg1 h 1776:1776 24 h 1773:1776 24 h of analysis 1773:1788 All SCFAs measured fluctuated greatly among the six individuals within 24 h of analysis. 26862979 3 51 theme dietary 451:457 arg1 fibers 459:464 dietary fibers 451:464 dietary fibers in the colon 451:477 Changes in SCFA development due to the fermentation of dietary fibers in the colon have been widely studied, but there are limited studies analyzing the differences in SCFA development across multiple individuals (ages 23-68) exposed to the same dietary fiber (PHGG). 26862979 2 52 theme lactogenic 259:268 arg1 growth 270:275 bifidogenic and lactogenic growth 243:275 bifidogenic and lactogenic growth 243:275 PHGG supports bifidogenic and lactogenic growth, and increases the concentration of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the distal intestine due to its fermentability. 26862979 6 53 theme in 1212:1213 arg1 systems 1221:1227 in vitro systems 1212:1227 in vitro systems 1212:1227 The overall average SCFA ratio for the six fecal donors was 30 : 45 : 25 (acetate : propionate : butyrate), which is similar to other fermentable fibers analyzed using in vitro systems. 26862979 11 54 theme in 1802:1803 arg1 analyses 1824:1831 in vitro fermentation analyses 1802:1831 in vitro fermentation analyses 1802:1831 Results of in vitro fermentation analyses are limited by the wide variation found with fecal donor. 26862979 9 55 theme Donor 1585:1589 arg1 concentrations 1598:1611 Donor 6 SCFA concentrations 1585:1611 Donor 6 SCFA concentrations 1585:1611 Donor 6 SCFA concentrations decreased at 24 h, indicating a quicker fermentation process than the other five donors. 26862979 7 56 theme gut 1419:1421 arg1 microflora 1423:1432 their gut microflora 1413:1432 their gut microflora 1413:1432 SCFA development in the distal intestine increases the amount of metabolizable energy from the diet, but varies greatly among people based primarily on the composition and changes of their gut microflora. 26862979 9 57 theme SCFA 1593:1596 arg1 concentrations 1598:1611 Donor 6 SCFA concentrations 1585:1611 Donor 6 SCFA concentrations 1585:1611 Donor 6 SCFA concentrations decreased at 24 h, indicating a quicker fermentation process than the other five donors. 26862979 6 58 theme average 1056:1062 arg1 30 1104:1105 30 1104:1105 30 1104:1105 The overall average SCFA ratio for the six fecal donors was 30 : 45 : 25 (acetate : propionate : butyrate), which is similar to other fermentable fibers analyzed using in vitro systems. 26862979 6 58 theme average 1056:1062 arg1 ratio 1069:1073 The overall average SCFA ratio 1044:1073 The overall average SCFA ratio for the six fecal donors 1044:1098 The overall average SCFA ratio for the six fecal donors was 30 : 45 : 25 (acetate : propionate : butyrate), which is similar to other fermentable fibers analyzed using in vitro systems. 26862979 3 59 from fibers 459:464 arg1 colon 473:477 the colon 469:477 the colon 469:477 Changes in SCFA development due to the fermentation of dietary fibers in the colon have been widely studied, but there are limited studies analyzing the differences in SCFA development across multiple individuals (ages 23-68) exposed to the same dietary fiber (PHGG). 26862979 6 60 theme fermentable 1178:1188 arg1 fibers 1190:1195 other fermentable fibers 1172:1195 other fermentable fibers analyzed using in vitro systems 1172:1227 The overall average SCFA ratio for the six fecal donors was 30 : 45 : 25 (acetate : propionate : butyrate), which is similar to other fermentable fibers analyzed using in vitro systems. 26862979 7 61 theme metabolizable 1295:1307 arg1 energy 1309:1314 metabolizable energy 1295:1314 metabolizable energy from the diet 1295:1328 SCFA development in the distal intestine increases the amount of metabolizable energy from the diet, but varies greatly among people based primarily on the composition and changes of their gut microflora. 26862979 2 62 theme chain 319:323 arg1 SCFAs 338:342 SCFAs 338:342 SCFAs 338:342 PHGG supports bifidogenic and lactogenic growth, and increases the concentration of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the distal intestine due to its fermentability. 26862979 2 62 theme chain 319:323 arg1 acids 331:335 short chain fatty acids 313:335 short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) 313:343 PHGG supports bifidogenic and lactogenic growth, and increases the concentration of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the distal intestine due to its fermentability. 26862979 1 63 theme guar 122:125 arg1 PHGG 132:135 PHGG 132:135 PHGG 132:135 Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) is a fermentable, soluble, non-gelling fiber consumed as both a supplement and ingredient. 26862979 1 63 theme guar 122:125 arg1 gum 127:129 Partially hydrolyzed guar gum 101:129 Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) 101:136 Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) is a fermentable, soluble, non-gelling fiber consumed as both a supplement and ingredient. 26862979 1 63 theme guar 122:125 arg1 fiber 177:181 a fermentable, soluble, non-gelling fiber 141:181 a fermentable, soluble, non-gelling fiber consumed as both a supplement and ingredient 141:226 Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) is a fermentable, soluble, non-gelling fiber consumed as both a supplement and ingredient. 26862979 6 64 dep in 1212:1213 arg1 vitro 1215:1219 vitro 1215:1219 vitro 1215:1219 The overall average SCFA ratio for the six fecal donors was 30 : 45 : 25 (acetate : propionate : butyrate), which is similar to other fermentable fibers analyzed using in vitro systems. 26862979 5 65 from h 990:990 arg1 concentration 970:982 Total SCFA concentration 959:982 Total SCFA concentration at 24 h 959:990 At 12 h butyrate concentrations varied from 6.99 μmol mL(-1) to 23.84 μmol mL(-1) and from 8.78 μmol mL(-1) to 22.84 μmol mL(-1) at 24 h. Total SCFA concentration at 24 h ranged from 42.85 μmol mL(-1) to 91.17 μmol mL(-1). 26862979 2 66 theme bifidogenic 243:253 arg1 growth 270:275 bifidogenic and lactogenic growth 243:275 bifidogenic and lactogenic growth 243:275 PHGG supports bifidogenic and lactogenic growth, and increases the concentration of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the distal intestine due to its fermentability. 26862979 7 67 theme distal 1254:1259 arg1 intestine 1261:1269 the distal intestine 1250:1269 the distal intestine 1250:1269 SCFA development in the distal intestine increases the amount of metabolizable energy from the diet, but varies greatly among people based primarily on the composition and changes of their gut microflora. 26862979 11 68 theme fecal 1878:1882 arg1 donor 1884:1888 fecal donor 1878:1888 fecal donor 1878:1888 Results of in vitro fermentation analyses are limited by the wide variation found with fecal donor. 26862979 5 69 dep h. 956:957 arg1 ranged 992:997 ranged 992:997 ranged from 42.85 μmol mL(-1) to 91.17 μmol mL(-1) 992:1041 At 12 h butyrate concentrations varied from 6.99 μmol mL(-1) to 23.84 μmol mL(-1) and from 8.78 μmol mL(-1) to 22.84 μmol mL(-1) at 24 h. Total SCFA concentration at 24 h ranged from 42.85 μmol mL(-1) to 91.17 μmol mL(-1). 26862979 9 70 theme fermentation 1653:1664 arg1 process 1666:1672 a quicker fermentation process 1643:1672 a quicker fermentation process than the other five donors 1643:1699 Donor 6 SCFA concentrations decreased at 24 h, indicating a quicker fermentation process than the other five donors. 26862979 5 71 theme μmol 1010:1013 arg1 -1 1018:1019 -1 1018:1019 -1 1018:1019 At 12 h butyrate concentrations varied from 6.99 μmol mL(-1) to 23.84 μmol mL(-1) and from 8.78 μmol mL(-1) to 22.84 μmol mL(-1) at 24 h. Total SCFA concentration at 24 h ranged from 42.85 μmol mL(-1) to 91.17 μmol mL(-1). 26862979 5 71 theme μmol 1010:1013 arg1 mL 1015:1016 42.85 μmol mL 1004:1016 42.85 μmol mL(-1) 1004:1020 At 12 h butyrate concentrations varied from 6.99 μmol mL(-1) to 23.84 μmol mL(-1) and from 8.78 μmol mL(-1) to 22.84 μmol mL(-1) at 24 h. Total SCFA concentration at 24 h ranged from 42.85 μmol mL(-1) to 91.17 μmol mL(-1). 26862979 6 72 theme fecal 1087:1091 arg1 donors 1093:1098 the six fecal donors 1079:1098 the six fecal donors 1079:1098 The overall average SCFA ratio for the six fecal donors was 30 : 45 : 25 (acetate : propionate : butyrate), which is similar to other fermentable fibers analyzed using in vitro systems. 26862979 8 73 theme 2-fold 1447:1452 arg1 difference 1454:1463 a 2-fold difference 1445:1463 a 2-fold difference in SCFA production 1445:1482 With over a 2-fold difference in SCFA production, significant differences were found among healthy individuals fecal microflora when exposed to PHGG. 26862979 7 74 theme SCFA 1230:1233 arg1 development 1235:1245 SCFA development 1230:1245 SCFA development in the distal intestine 1230:1269 SCFA development in the distal intestine increases the amount of metabolizable energy from the diet, but varies greatly among people based primarily on the composition and changes of their gut microflora. 26862979 5 75 theme μmol 938:941 arg1 -1 946:947 -1 946:947 -1 946:947 At 12 h butyrate concentrations varied from 6.99 μmol mL(-1) to 23.84 μmol mL(-1) and from 8.78 μmol mL(-1) to 22.84 μmol mL(-1) at 24 h. Total SCFA concentration at 24 h ranged from 42.85 μmol mL(-1) to 91.17 μmol mL(-1). 26862979 5 75 theme μmol 938:941 arg1 mL 943:944 22.84 μmol mL 932:944 22.84 μmol mL(-1) 932:948 At 12 h butyrate concentrations varied from 6.99 μmol mL(-1) to 23.84 μmol mL(-1) and from 8.78 μmol mL(-1) to 22.84 μmol mL(-1) at 24 h. Total SCFA concentration at 24 h ranged from 42.85 μmol mL(-1) to 91.17 μmol mL(-1). 26862979 7 76 from amount 1285:1290 arg1 diet 1325:1328 the diet 1321:1328 the diet 1321:1328 SCFA development in the distal intestine increases the amount of metabolizable energy from the diet, but varies greatly among people based primarily on the composition and changes of their gut microflora. 26862979 5 77 theme butyrate 829:836 arg1 concentrations 838:851 12 h butyrate concentrations 824:851 12 h butyrate concentrations 824:851 At 12 h butyrate concentrations varied from 6.99 μmol mL(-1) to 23.84 μmol mL(-1) and from 8.78 μmol mL(-1) to 22.84 μmol mL(-1) at 24 h. Total SCFA concentration at 24 h ranged from 42.85 μmol mL(-1) to 91.17 μmol mL(-1). 26862979 9 78 theme other 1683:1687 arg1 donors 1694:1699 the other five donors 1679:1699 the other five donors 1679:1699 Donor 6 SCFA concentrations decreased at 24 h, indicating a quicker fermentation process than the other five donors. 26862979 2 79 theme distal 352:357 arg1 intestine 359:367 the distal intestine 348:367 the distal intestine due to its fermentability 348:393 PHGG supports bifidogenic and lactogenic growth, and increases the concentration of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the distal intestine due to its fermentability. 26862979 8 80 theme significant 1485:1495 arg1 differences 1497:1507 significant differences 1485:1507 significant differences 1485:1507 With over a 2-fold difference in SCFA production, significant differences were found among healthy individuals fecal microflora when exposed to PHGG. 26862979 1 81 dep fermentable 143:153 arg1 non-gelling 165:175 non-gelling 165:175 non-gelling 165:175 Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) is a fermentable, soluble, non-gelling fiber consumed as both a supplement and ingredient. 26862979 1 81 dep fermentable 143:153 arg1 soluble 156:162 soluble 156:162 soluble 156:162 Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) is a fermentable, soluble, non-gelling fiber consumed as both a supplement and ingredient. 26862979 5 82 theme 12 824:825 arg1 h 827:827 h 827:827 h 827:827 At 12 h butyrate concentrations varied from 6.99 μmol mL(-1) to 23.84 μmol mL(-1) and from 8.78 μmol mL(-1) to 22.84 μmol mL(-1) at 24 h. Total SCFA concentration at 24 h ranged from 42.85 μmol mL(-1) to 91.17 μmol mL(-1). 26862979 11 83 theme fermentation 1811:1822 arg1 analyses 1824:1831 in vitro fermentation analyses 1802:1831 in vitro fermentation analyses 1802:1831 Results of in vitro fermentation analyses are limited by the wide variation found with fecal donor. 26862979 5 84 theme Total 959:963 arg1 concentration 970:982 Total SCFA concentration 959:982 Total SCFA concentration at 24 h 959:990 At 12 h butyrate concentrations varied from 6.99 μmol mL(-1) to 23.84 μmol mL(-1) and from 8.78 μmol mL(-1) to 22.84 μmol mL(-1) at 24 h. Total SCFA concentration at 24 h ranged from 42.85 μmol mL(-1) to 91.17 μmol mL(-1). 26862979 11 85 theme wide 1852:1855 arg1 variation 1857:1865 the wide variation 1848:1865 the wide variation found with fecal donor 1848:1888 Results of in vitro fermentation analyses are limited by the wide variation found with fecal donor. 26862979 3 86 theme multiple 588:595 arg1 ages 610:613 ages 23-68 610:619 ages 23-68 610:619 Changes in SCFA development due to the fermentation of dietary fibers in the colon have been widely studied, but there are limited studies analyzing the differences in SCFA development across multiple individuals (ages 23-68) exposed to the same dietary fiber (PHGG). 26862979 3 86 theme multiple 588:595 arg1 individuals 597:607 multiple individuals 588:607 multiple individuals (ages 23-68) exposed to the same dietary fiber (PHGG) 588:661 Changes in SCFA development due to the fermentation of dietary fibers in the colon have been widely studied, but there are limited studies analyzing the differences in SCFA development across multiple individuals (ages 23-68) exposed to the same dietary fiber (PHGG). 26862979 2 87 theme due 369:371 arg1 intestine 359:367 the distal intestine 348:367 the distal intestine due to its fermentability 348:393 PHGG supports bifidogenic and lactogenic growth, and increases the concentration of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the distal intestine due to its fermentability. 26862979 0 88 theme gum 47:49 arg1 differences 64:74 guar gum fermentation differences 42:74 guar gum fermentation differences between six individuals 42:98 In vitro analysis of partially hydrolyzed guar gum fermentation differences between six individuals. 26862979 4 89 theme mL/0.5 741:746 arg1 fiber 750:754 59-80 mL/0.5 g fiber 735:754 59-80 mL/0.5 g fiber 735:754 With the six donors analyzed in this study, gas production varied from 59-80 mL/0.5 g fiber at 12 h and 85-93 mL/0.5 g fiber at 24 h between the six donors. 26862979 3 90 theme fibers 459:464 arg1 fermentation 435:446 the fermentation 431:446 the fermentation of dietary fibers in the colon 431:477 Changes in SCFA development due to the fermentation of dietary fibers in the colon have been widely studied, but there are limited studies analyzing the differences in SCFA development across multiple individuals (ages 23-68) exposed to the same dietary fiber (PHGG). 26862979 3 91 theme SCFA 407:410 arg1 development 412:422 SCFA development 407:422 SCFA development due to the fermentation of dietary fibers in the colon 407:477 Changes in SCFA development due to the fermentation of dietary fibers in the colon have been widely studied, but there are limited studies analyzing the differences in SCFA development across multiple individuals (ages 23-68) exposed to the same dietary fiber (PHGG). 26862979 3 92 theme dietary 642:648 arg1 PHGG 657:660 PHGG 657:660 PHGG 657:660 Changes in SCFA development due to the fermentation of dietary fibers in the colon have been widely studied, but there are limited studies analyzing the differences in SCFA development across multiple individuals (ages 23-68) exposed to the same dietary fiber (PHGG). 26862979 3 92 theme dietary 642:648 arg1 fiber 650:654 the same dietary fiber 633:654 the same dietary fiber (PHGG) 633:661 Changes in SCFA development due to the fermentation of dietary fibers in the colon have been widely studied, but there are limited studies analyzing the differences in SCFA development across multiple individuals (ages 23-68) exposed to the same dietary fiber (PHGG). 26862979 3 93 dep ages 610:613 arg1 23-68 615:619 23-68 615:619 23-68 615:619 Changes in SCFA development due to the fermentation of dietary fibers in the colon have been widely studied, but there are limited studies analyzing the differences in SCFA development across multiple individuals (ages 23-68) exposed to the same dietary fiber (PHGG). 26794757 1 0 theme diglycidyl 330:339 arg1 ether 341:345 the cross-linker ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether 297:345 the cross-linker ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) 297:352 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) containing hydrogel composite were first synthesized by preparing a new hydrogel from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the cross-linker ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE), followed by the incorporation of AgNPs by microwave radiation. 26794757 1 0 theme diglycidyl 330:339 arg1 EGDE 348:351 EGDE 348:351 EGDE 348:351 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) containing hydrogel composite were first synthesized by preparing a new hydrogel from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the cross-linker ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE), followed by the incorporation of AgNPs by microwave radiation. 26794757 6 1 theme antibacterial 1007:1019 arg1 activities 1021:1030 the antibacterial activities 1003:1030 the antibacterial activities of the neat hydrogel and AgNPs-hydrogel composites 1003:1081 Additionally, the antibacterial activities of the neat hydrogel and AgNPs-hydrogel composites were measured by Kirby-Bauer method against urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogens. 26794757 6 2 theme AgNPs-hydrogel 1057:1070 arg1 composites 1072:1081 the neat hydrogel and AgNPs-hydrogel composites 1035:1081 composites 1072:1081 Additionally, the antibacterial activities of the neat hydrogel and AgNPs-hydrogel composites were measured by Kirby-Bauer method against urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogens. 26794757 6 3 theme infection 1141:1149 arg1 pathogens 1157:1165 urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogens 1127:1165 urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogens 1127:1165 Additionally, the antibacterial activities of the neat hydrogel and AgNPs-hydrogel composites were measured by Kirby-Bauer method against urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogens. 26794757 2 4 theme X-ray 546:550 arg1 XRD 565:567 XRD 565:567 XRD 565:567 The resulting neat hydrogels and AgNPs-hydrogel composites were characterized using spectral, thermal, microscopic analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. 26794757 2 4 theme X-ray 546:550 arg1 diffraction 552:562 X-ray diffraction 546:562 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 546:568 The resulting neat hydrogels and AgNPs-hydrogel composites were characterized using spectral, thermal, microscopic analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. 26794757 5 5 theme AgNPs 877:881 arg1 analysis 861:868 Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis 824:868 Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of the AgNPs 824:881 Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of the AgNPs confirmed the presence of an elemental silver signal, and no peaks of any other impurities were detected. 26794757 8 6 theme higher 1326:1331 arg1 activity 1347:1354 higher antibacterial activity 1326:1354 higher antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis 1326:1489 The AgNPs-hydrogel composites exhibited higher antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis compared to the corresponding neat hydrogel. 26794757 5 7 theme impurities 963:972 arg1 peaks 944:948 no peaks 941:948 no peaks of any other impurities 941:972 Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of the AgNPs confirmed the presence of an elemental silver signal, and no peaks of any other impurities were detected. 26794757 4 8 theme nanocrystalline 742:756 arg1 phase 758:762 the nanocrystalline phase 738:762 the nanocrystalline phase of silver 738:772 In addition, the XRD analysis confirmed the nanocrystalline phase of silver with face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure. 26794757 5 9 theme signal 929:934 arg1 presence 897:904 the presence 893:904 the presence of an elemental silver signal 893:934 Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of the AgNPs confirmed the presence of an elemental silver signal, and no peaks of any other impurities were detected. 26794757 1 10 theme polyvinyl 268:276 arg1 PVA 287:289 PVA 287:289 PVA 287:289 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) containing hydrogel composite were first synthesized by preparing a new hydrogel from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the cross-linker ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE), followed by the incorporation of AgNPs by microwave radiation. 26794757 1 10 theme polyvinyl 268:276 arg1 alcohol 278:284 polyvinyl alcohol 268:284 polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) 268:290 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) containing hydrogel composite were first synthesized by preparing a new hydrogel from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the cross-linker ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE), followed by the incorporation of AgNPs by microwave radiation. 26794757 0 11 theme UTI 107:109 arg1 pathogens 111:119 UTI pathogens 107:119 UTI pathogens 107:119 Development of carboxymethyl cellulose-based hydrogel and nanosilver composite as antimicrobial agents for UTI pathogens. 26794757 6 12 theme tract 1135:1139 arg1 UTI 1152:1154 UTI 1152:1154 UTI 1152:1154 Additionally, the antibacterial activities of the neat hydrogel and AgNPs-hydrogel composites were measured by Kirby-Bauer method against urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogens. 26794757 6 12 theme tract 1135:1139 arg1 infection 1141:1149 urinary tract infection 1127:1149 urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogens 1127:1165 Additionally, the antibacterial activities of the neat hydrogel and AgNPs-hydrogel composites were measured by Kirby-Bauer method against urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogens. 26794757 7 13 theme storage 1221:1227 arg1 modulus 1229:1235 storage modulus 1221:1235 storage modulus (G') 1221:1240 The rheology measurement revealed that the values of storage modulus (G') were higher than that of loss modulus (G″). 26794757 7 13 theme storage 1221:1227 arg1 G 1238:1238 G' 1238:1239 G' 1238:1239 The rheology measurement revealed that the values of storage modulus (G') were higher than that of loss modulus (G″). 26794757 3 14 with spherical 649:657 arg1 diameters 664:672 diameters 664:672 diameters ranging from 8 to 14nm 664:695 The SEM and TEM results demonstrated that the synthesized AgNPs were spherical with diameters ranging from 8 to 14nm. 26794757 6 15 theme hydrogel 1044:1051 arg1 activities 1021:1030 the antibacterial activities 1003:1030 the antibacterial activities of the neat hydrogel and AgNPs-hydrogel composites 1003:1081 Additionally, the antibacterial activities of the neat hydrogel and AgNPs-hydrogel composites were measured by Kirby-Bauer method against urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogens. 26794757 8 16 theme AgNPs-hydrogel 1290:1303 arg1 composites 1305:1314 The AgNPs-hydrogel composites 1286:1314 The AgNPs-hydrogel composites 1286:1314 The AgNPs-hydrogel composites exhibited higher antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis compared to the corresponding neat hydrogel. 26794757 5 17 theme spectroscopy 842:853 arg1 analysis 861:868 Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis 824:868 Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of the AgNPs 824:881 Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of the AgNPs confirmed the presence of an elemental silver signal, and no peaks of any other impurities were detected. 26794757 8 18 theme neat 1521:1524 arg1 hydrogel 1526:1533 the corresponding neat hydrogel 1503:1533 the corresponding neat hydrogel 1503:1533 The AgNPs-hydrogel composites exhibited higher antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis compared to the corresponding neat hydrogel. 26794757 6 19 theme neat 1039:1042 arg1 hydrogel 1044:1051 the neat hydrogel and AgNPs-hydrogel composites 1035:1081 hydrogel 1044:1051 Additionally, the antibacterial activities of the neat hydrogel and AgNPs-hydrogel composites were measured by Kirby-Bauer method against urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogens. 26794757 2 20 theme neat 432:435 arg1 hydrogels 437:445 neat hydrogels 432:445 neat hydrogels 432:445 The resulting neat hydrogels and AgNPs-hydrogel composites were characterized using spectral, thermal, microscopic analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. 26794757 1 21 contain containing 151:160 arg1 AgNPs 144:148 AgNPs 144:148 AgNPs 144:148 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) containing hydrogel composite were first synthesized by preparing a new hydrogel from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the cross-linker ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE), followed by the incorporation of AgNPs by microwave radiation. 26794757 1 21 contain containing 151:160 arg1 nanoparticles 129:141 Silver nanoparticles 122:141 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) containing hydrogel composite 122:179 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) containing hydrogel composite were first synthesized by preparing a new hydrogel from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the cross-linker ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE), followed by the incorporation of AgNPs by microwave radiation. 26794757 1 21 contain containing 151:160 arg2 composite 171:179 hydrogel composite 162:179 hydrogel composite 162:179 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) containing hydrogel composite were first synthesized by preparing a new hydrogel from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the cross-linker ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE), followed by the incorporation of AgNPs by microwave radiation. 26794757 2 22 theme spectral 502:509 arg1 analysis 533:540 spectral, thermal, microscopic analysis 502:540 spectral, thermal, microscopic analysis 502:540 The resulting neat hydrogels and AgNPs-hydrogel composites were characterized using spectral, thermal, microscopic analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. 26794757 4 23 theme XRD 715:717 arg1 analysis 719:726 the XRD analysis 711:726 the XRD analysis 711:726 In addition, the XRD analysis confirmed the nanocrystalline phase of silver with face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure. 26794757 7 24 theme loss 1267:1270 arg1 modulus 1272:1278 loss modulus 1267:1278 loss modulus (G″) 1267:1283 The rheology measurement revealed that the values of storage modulus (G') were higher than that of loss modulus (G″). 26794757 7 24 theme loss 1267:1270 arg1 G″ 1281:1282 G″ 1281:1282 G″ 1281:1282 The rheology measurement revealed that the values of storage modulus (G') were higher than that of loss modulus (G″). 26794757 2 25 theme resulting 422:430 arg1 hydrogels 437:445 neat hydrogels 432:445 neat hydrogels 432:445 The resulting neat hydrogels and AgNPs-hydrogel composites were characterized using spectral, thermal, microscopic analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. 26794757 5 26 theme elemental 912:920 arg1 signal 929:934 an elemental silver signal 909:934 an elemental silver signal 909:934 Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of the AgNPs confirmed the presence of an elemental silver signal, and no peaks of any other impurities were detected. 26794757 4 27 theme cubic 793:797 arg1 structure 813:821 face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure 779:821 face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure 779:821 In addition, the XRD analysis confirmed the nanocrystalline phase of silver with face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure. 26794757 5 28 theme other 957:961 arg1 impurities 963:972 any other impurities 953:972 any other impurities 953:972 Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of the AgNPs confirmed the presence of an elemental silver signal, and no peaks of any other impurities were detected. 26794757 5 29 theme silver 922:927 arg1 signal 929:934 an elemental silver signal 909:934 an elemental silver signal 909:934 Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of the AgNPs confirmed the presence of an elemental silver signal, and no peaks of any other impurities were detected. 26794757 4 30 theme FCC 800:802 arg1 structure 813:821 face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure 779:821 face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure 779:821 In addition, the XRD analysis confirmed the nanocrystalline phase of silver with face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure. 26794757 0 31 theme carboxymethyl 15:27 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development of carboxymethyl 0:27 Development of carboxymethyl cellulose-based hydrogel and nanosilver composite as antimicrobial agents for UTI pathogens. 26794757 1 32 from alcohol 278:284 arg1 hydrogel 223:230 a new hydrogel 217:230 a new hydrogel from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the cross-linker ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) 217:352 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) containing hydrogel composite were first synthesized by preparing a new hydrogel from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the cross-linker ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE), followed by the incorporation of AgNPs by microwave radiation. 26794757 1 33 theme Silver 122:127 arg1 AgNPs 144:148 AgNPs 144:148 AgNPs 144:148 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) containing hydrogel composite were first synthesized by preparing a new hydrogel from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the cross-linker ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE), followed by the incorporation of AgNPs by microwave radiation. 26794757 1 33 theme Silver 122:127 arg1 nanoparticles 129:141 Silver nanoparticles 122:141 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) containing hydrogel composite 122:179 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) containing hydrogel composite were first synthesized by preparing a new hydrogel from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the cross-linker ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE), followed by the incorporation of AgNPs by microwave radiation. 26794757 1 34 theme new 219:221 arg1 hydrogel 223:230 a new hydrogel 217:230 a new hydrogel from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the cross-linker ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) 217:352 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) containing hydrogel composite were first synthesized by preparing a new hydrogel from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the cross-linker ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE), followed by the incorporation of AgNPs by microwave radiation. 26794757 1 35 from ether 341:345 arg1 hydrogel 223:230 a new hydrogel 217:230 a new hydrogel from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the cross-linker ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) 217:352 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) containing hydrogel composite were first synthesized by preparing a new hydrogel from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the cross-linker ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE), followed by the incorporation of AgNPs by microwave radiation. 26794757 3 36 dep 14nm 692:695 arg1 to 689:690 to 689:690 to 689:690 The SEM and TEM results demonstrated that the synthesized AgNPs were spherical with diameters ranging from 8 to 14nm. 26794757 3 37 theme SEM 584:586 arg1 results 596:602 The SEM and TEM results 580:602 The SEM and TEM results 580:602 The SEM and TEM results demonstrated that the synthesized AgNPs were spherical with diameters ranging from 8 to 14nm. 26794757 5 38 theme Energy 824:829 arg1 EDS 856:858 EDS 856:858 EDS 856:858 Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of the AgNPs confirmed the presence of an elemental silver signal, and no peaks of any other impurities were detected. 26794757 5 38 theme Energy 824:829 arg1 spectroscopy 842:853 Energy dispersive spectroscopy 824:853 Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of the AgNPs 824:881 Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of the AgNPs confirmed the presence of an elemental silver signal, and no peaks of any other impurities were detected. 26794757 0 39 theme hydrogel 45:52 arg1 agents 96:101 antimicrobial agents 82:101 antimicrobial agents for UTI pathogens 82:119 Development of carboxymethyl cellulose-based hydrogel and nanosilver composite as antimicrobial agents for UTI pathogens. 26794757 0 39 theme hydrogel 45:52 arg1 composite 69:77 hydrogel and nanosilver composite 45:77 composite 69:77 Development of carboxymethyl cellulose-based hydrogel and nanosilver composite as antimicrobial agents for UTI pathogens. 26794757 2 40 theme AgNPs-hydrogel 451:464 arg1 composites 466:475 AgNPs-hydrogel composites 451:475 AgNPs-hydrogel composites 451:475 The resulting neat hydrogels and AgNPs-hydrogel composites were characterized using spectral, thermal, microscopic analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. 26794757 8 41 theme Proteus 1429:1435 arg1 vulgaris 1437:1444 Proteus vulgaris 1429:1444 Proteus vulgaris 1429:1444 The AgNPs-hydrogel composites exhibited higher antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis compared to the corresponding neat hydrogel. 26794757 5 42 theme dispersive 831:840 arg1 EDS 856:858 EDS 856:858 EDS 856:858 Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of the AgNPs confirmed the presence of an elemental silver signal, and no peaks of any other impurities were detected. 26794757 5 42 theme dispersive 831:840 arg1 spectroscopy 842:853 Energy dispersive spectroscopy 824:853 Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of the AgNPs 824:881 Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of the AgNPs confirmed the presence of an elemental silver signal, and no peaks of any other impurities were detected. 26794757 7 43 theme rheology 1172:1179 arg1 measurement 1181:1191 The rheology measurement 1168:1191 The rheology measurement 1168:1191 The rheology measurement revealed that the values of storage modulus (G') were higher than that of loss modulus (G″). 26794757 3 44 theme synthesized 626:636 arg1 AgNPs 638:642 the synthesized AgNPs 622:642 the synthesized AgNPs 622:642 The SEM and TEM results demonstrated that the synthesized AgNPs were spherical with diameters ranging from 8 to 14nm. 26794757 3 44 theme synthesized 626:636 arg1 spherical 649:657 spherical 649:657 spherical 649:657 The SEM and TEM results demonstrated that the synthesized AgNPs were spherical with diameters ranging from 8 to 14nm. 26794757 4 45 theme crystal 805:811 arg1 structure 813:821 face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure 779:821 face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure 779:821 In addition, the XRD analysis confirmed the nanocrystalline phase of silver with face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure. 26794757 0 46 theme nanosilver 58:67 arg1 agents 96:101 antimicrobial agents 82:101 antimicrobial agents for UTI pathogens 82:119 Development of carboxymethyl cellulose-based hydrogel and nanosilver composite as antimicrobial agents for UTI pathogens. 26794757 0 46 theme nanosilver 58:67 arg1 composite 69:77 hydrogel and nanosilver composite 45:77 composite 69:77 Development of carboxymethyl cellulose-based hydrogel and nanosilver composite as antimicrobial agents for UTI pathogens. 26794757 1 47 theme cross-linker 301:312 arg1 ether 341:345 the cross-linker ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether 297:345 the cross-linker ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) 297:352 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) containing hydrogel composite were first synthesized by preparing a new hydrogel from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the cross-linker ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE), followed by the incorporation of AgNPs by microwave radiation. 26794757 1 47 theme cross-linker 301:312 arg1 EGDE 348:351 EGDE 348:351 EGDE 348:351 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) containing hydrogel composite were first synthesized by preparing a new hydrogel from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the cross-linker ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE), followed by the incorporation of AgNPs by microwave radiation. 26794757 1 48 theme AgNPs 388:392 arg1 incorporation 371:383 the incorporation 367:383 the incorporation of AgNPs by microwave radiation 367:415 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) containing hydrogel composite were first synthesized by preparing a new hydrogel from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the cross-linker ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE), followed by the incorporation of AgNPs by microwave radiation. 26794757 6 49 theme Kirby-Bauer 1100:1110 arg1 method 1112:1117 Kirby-Bauer method 1100:1117 Kirby-Bauer method against urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogens 1100:1165 Additionally, the antibacterial activities of the neat hydrogel and AgNPs-hydrogel composites were measured by Kirby-Bauer method against urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogens. 26794757 1 50 theme ethylene 314:321 arg1 ether 341:345 the cross-linker ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether 297:345 the cross-linker ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) 297:352 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) containing hydrogel composite were first synthesized by preparing a new hydrogel from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the cross-linker ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE), followed by the incorporation of AgNPs by microwave radiation. 26794757 1 50 theme ethylene 314:321 arg1 EGDE 348:351 EGDE 348:351 EGDE 348:351 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) containing hydrogel composite were first synthesized by preparing a new hydrogel from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the cross-linker ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE), followed by the incorporation of AgNPs by microwave radiation. 26794757 2 51 dep spectral 502:509 arg1 thermal 512:518 thermal 512:518 thermal 512:518 The resulting neat hydrogels and AgNPs-hydrogel composites were characterized using spectral, thermal, microscopic analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. 26794757 2 51 dep spectral 502:509 arg1 microscopic 521:531 microscopic 521:531 microscopic 521:531 The resulting neat hydrogels and AgNPs-hydrogel composites were characterized using spectral, thermal, microscopic analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. 26794757 6 52 theme urinary 1127:1133 arg1 UTI 1152:1154 UTI 1152:1154 UTI 1152:1154 Additionally, the antibacterial activities of the neat hydrogel and AgNPs-hydrogel composites were measured by Kirby-Bauer method against urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogens. 26794757 6 52 theme urinary 1127:1133 arg1 infection 1141:1149 urinary tract infection 1127:1149 urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogens 1127:1165 Additionally, the antibacterial activities of the neat hydrogel and AgNPs-hydrogel composites were measured by Kirby-Bauer method against urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogens. 26794757 1 53 theme carboxymethyl 237:249 arg1 CMC 262:264 CMC 262:264 CMC 262:264 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) containing hydrogel composite were first synthesized by preparing a new hydrogel from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the cross-linker ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE), followed by the incorporation of AgNPs by microwave radiation. 26794757 1 53 theme carboxymethyl 237:249 arg1 cellulose 251:259 carboxymethyl cellulose 237:259 carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 237:265 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) containing hydrogel composite were first synthesized by preparing a new hydrogel from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the cross-linker ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE), followed by the incorporation of AgNPs by microwave radiation. 26794757 1 54 from cellulose 251:259 arg1 hydrogel 223:230 a new hydrogel 217:230 a new hydrogel from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the cross-linker ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) 217:352 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) containing hydrogel composite were first synthesized by preparing a new hydrogel from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the cross-linker ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE), followed by the incorporation of AgNPs by microwave radiation. 26794757 1 55 theme microwave 397:405 arg1 radiation 407:415 microwave radiation 397:415 microwave radiation 397:415 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) containing hydrogel composite were first synthesized by preparing a new hydrogel from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the cross-linker ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE), followed by the incorporation of AgNPs by microwave radiation. 26794757 4 56 theme silver 767:772 arg1 phase 758:762 the nanocrystalline phase 738:762 the nanocrystalline phase of silver 738:772 In addition, the XRD analysis confirmed the nanocrystalline phase of silver with face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure. 26794757 6 57 theme composites 1072:1081 arg1 activities 1021:1030 the antibacterial activities 1003:1030 the antibacterial activities of the neat hydrogel and AgNPs-hydrogel composites 1003:1081 Additionally, the antibacterial activities of the neat hydrogel and AgNPs-hydrogel composites were measured by Kirby-Bauer method against urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogens. 26794757 0 58 theme antimicrobial 82:94 arg1 agents 96:101 antimicrobial agents 82:101 antimicrobial agents for UTI pathogens 82:119 Development of carboxymethyl cellulose-based hydrogel and nanosilver composite as antimicrobial agents for UTI pathogens. 26794757 0 58 theme antimicrobial 82:94 arg1 composite 69:77 hydrogel and nanosilver composite 45:77 composite 69:77 Development of carboxymethyl cellulose-based hydrogel and nanosilver composite as antimicrobial agents for UTI pathogens. 26794757 8 59 theme antibacterial 1333:1345 arg1 activity 1347:1354 higher antibacterial activity 1326:1354 higher antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis 1326:1489 The AgNPs-hydrogel composites exhibited higher antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis compared to the corresponding neat hydrogel. 26794757 3 60 theme TEM 592:594 arg1 results 596:602 The SEM and TEM results 580:602 The SEM and TEM results 580:602 The SEM and TEM results demonstrated that the synthesized AgNPs were spherical with diameters ranging from 8 to 14nm. 26794757 8 61 theme corresponding 1507:1519 arg1 hydrogel 1526:1533 the corresponding neat hydrogel 1503:1533 the corresponding neat hydrogel 1503:1533 The AgNPs-hydrogel composites exhibited higher antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis compared to the corresponding neat hydrogel. 26794757 7 62 theme modulus 1229:1235 arg1 higher 1247:1252 higher 1247:1252 higher 1247:1252 The rheology measurement revealed that the values of storage modulus (G') were higher than that of loss modulus (G″). 26794757 7 62 theme modulus 1229:1235 arg1 values 1211:1216 the values 1207:1216 the values of storage modulus (G') 1207:1240 The rheology measurement revealed that the values of storage modulus (G') were higher than that of loss modulus (G″). 26794757 8 63 dep Proteus 1473:1479 arg1 mirabilis 1481:1489 mirabilis 1481:1489 mirabilis 1481:1489 The AgNPs-hydrogel composites exhibited higher antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis compared to the corresponding neat hydrogel. 26794757 1 64 theme glycol 323:328 arg1 ether 341:345 the cross-linker ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether 297:345 the cross-linker ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) 297:352 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) containing hydrogel composite were first synthesized by preparing a new hydrogel from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the cross-linker ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE), followed by the incorporation of AgNPs by microwave radiation. 26794757 1 64 theme glycol 323:328 arg1 EGDE 348:351 EGDE 348:351 EGDE 348:351 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) containing hydrogel composite were first synthesized by preparing a new hydrogel from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the cross-linker ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE), followed by the incorporation of AgNPs by microwave radiation. 26794757 4 65 theme face-centered 779:791 arg1 structure 813:821 face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure 779:821 face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure 779:821 In addition, the XRD analysis confirmed the nanocrystalline phase of silver with face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure. 26794757 1 66 theme hydrogel 162:169 arg1 composite 171:179 hydrogel composite 162:179 hydrogel composite 162:179 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) containing hydrogel composite were first synthesized by preparing a new hydrogel from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the cross-linker ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE), followed by the incorporation of AgNPs by microwave radiation. 26794757 2 67 dep analysis 533:540 arg1 analyses 570:577 analyses 570:577 analyses 570:577 The resulting neat hydrogels and AgNPs-hydrogel composites were characterized using spectral, thermal, microscopic analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. 27151669 5 0 theme time 962:965 arg1 pH 911:912 pH 911:912 pH of milieu, the amount of adsorbent, and contact time 911:965 The batch adsorption experiments showed that the adsorption of the Cu(II) is considerably dependent on pH of milieu, the amount of adsorbent, and contact time. 27151669 9 1 theme ions 1602:1605 arg1 removal 1584:1590 the removal 1580:1590 the removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution 1580:1627 The study suggests that the (Ch)/AgNPs/clay hybrid composite is a promising nano-adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution. 27151669 6 2 theme adsorption 1011:1020 arg1 capacity 1022:1029 the adsorption capacity 1007:1029 the adsorption capacity of Cu(II) 1007:1039 Batch adsorption studies revealed that the adsorption capacity of Cu(II) increased with increase in initial concentration and contact time with optimum pH in the range around neutral. 27151669 0 3 theme Cu 84:85 arg1 removal 73:79 the removal 69:79 the removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solution 69:111 Preparation and characterization of chitosan-clay nanocomposites for the removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solution. 27151669 8 4 theme prepared 1286:1293 arg1 /AgNPs/clay 1299:1309 prepared (Ch)/AgNPs/clay 1286:1309 prepared (Ch)/AgNPs/clay 1286:1309 The adsorption efficiency of Cu(II) ions by prepared (Ch)/AgNPs/clay and (Ch)/AuNPs/clay is bigger than that the individual chitosan (Ch)/clay composite which clarifies the role of metal nanoparticles in enhancement the adsorption characters. 27151669 2 5 theme chitosan 299:306 arg1 /AgNPs/clay 312:322 chitosan (Ch)/AgNPs/clay 299:322 chitosan (Ch)/AgNPs/clay 299:322 The nanocomposites chitosan (Ch)/clay, chitosan (Ch)/AgNPs/clay and chitosan (Ch)/AuNPs/clay were prepared by solution mixing method and characterized by FTIR, XRD, and SEM techniques. 27151669 8 6 theme nanoparticles 1429:1441 arg1 role 1415:1418 the role 1411:1418 the role of metal nanoparticles in enhancement the adsorption characters 1411:1482 The adsorption efficiency of Cu(II) ions by prepared (Ch)/AgNPs/clay and (Ch)/AuNPs/clay is bigger than that the individual chitosan (Ch)/clay composite which clarifies the role of metal nanoparticles in enhancement the adsorption characters. 27151669 3 7 from solution 531:538 arg1 composites 504:513 the prepared hybrid composites 484:513 the prepared hybrid composites from an aqueous solution using batch adsorption 484:561 The adsorption of copper(II) ions onto the prepared hybrid composites from an aqueous solution using batch adsorption was examined. 27151669 4 8 theme functional 679:688 arg1 chitosan 700:707 chitosan 700:707 chitosan 700:707 The results showed that benefiting from the surface property of clay, the abundant amino and hydroxyl functional groups of chitosan, the adsorbent provides adequate and versatile adsorption for the Cu(II) ions under investigation. 27151669 4 8 theme functional 679:688 arg1 groups 690:695 the abundant amino and hydroxyl functional groups 647:695 groups 690:695 The results showed that benefiting from the surface property of clay, the abundant amino and hydroxyl functional groups of chitosan, the adsorbent provides adequate and versatile adsorption for the Cu(II) ions under investigation. 27151669 4 8 theme functional 679:688 arg1 clay 641:644 clay 641:644 clay 641:644 The results showed that benefiting from the surface property of clay, the abundant amino and hydroxyl functional groups of chitosan, the adsorbent provides adequate and versatile adsorption for the Cu(II) ions under investigation. 27151669 8 9 from role 1415:1418 arg1 enhancement 1446:1456 enhancement 1446:1456 enhancement the adsorption characters 1446:1482 The adsorption efficiency of Cu(II) ions by prepared (Ch)/AgNPs/clay and (Ch)/AuNPs/clay is bigger than that the individual chitosan (Ch)/clay composite which clarifies the role of metal nanoparticles in enhancement the adsorption characters. 27151669 8 10 theme metal 1423:1427 arg1 nanoparticles 1429:1441 metal nanoparticles 1423:1441 metal nanoparticles 1423:1441 The adsorption efficiency of Cu(II) ions by prepared (Ch)/AgNPs/clay and (Ch)/AuNPs/clay is bigger than that the individual chitosan (Ch)/clay composite which clarifies the role of metal nanoparticles in enhancement the adsorption characters. 27151669 5 11 theme adsorption 818:827 arg1 experiments 829:839 The batch adsorption experiments 808:839 The batch adsorption experiments 808:839 The batch adsorption experiments showed that the adsorption of the Cu(II) is considerably dependent on pH of milieu, the amount of adsorbent, and contact time. 27151669 4 12 theme Cu 775:776 arg1 ions 782:785 the Cu(II) ions 771:785 the Cu(II) ions 771:785 The results showed that benefiting from the surface property of clay, the abundant amino and hydroxyl functional groups of chitosan, the adsorbent provides adequate and versatile adsorption for the Cu(II) ions under investigation. 27151669 6 13 theme optimum 1112:1118 arg1 pH 1120:1121 optimum pH 1112:1121 optimum pH 1112:1121 Batch adsorption studies revealed that the adsorption capacity of Cu(II) increased with increase in initial concentration and contact time with optimum pH in the range around neutral. 27151669 3 14 theme copper 463:468 arg1 ions 474:477 copper(II) ions 463:477 copper(II) ions 463:477 The adsorption of copper(II) ions onto the prepared hybrid composites from an aqueous solution using batch adsorption was examined. 27151669 5 15 theme batch 812:816 arg1 experiments 829:839 The batch adsorption experiments 808:839 The batch adsorption experiments 808:839 The batch adsorption experiments showed that the adsorption of the Cu(II) is considerably dependent on pH of milieu, the amount of adsorbent, and contact time. 27151669 2 16 theme SEM 429:431 arg1 techniques 433:442 FTIR, XRD, and SEM techniques 414:442 techniques 433:442 The nanocomposites chitosan (Ch)/clay, chitosan (Ch)/AgNPs/clay and chitosan (Ch)/AuNPs/clay were prepared by solution mixing method and characterized by FTIR, XRD, and SEM techniques. 27151669 4 17 theme hydroxyl 670:677 arg1 chitosan 700:707 chitosan 700:707 chitosan 700:707 The results showed that benefiting from the surface property of clay, the abundant amino and hydroxyl functional groups of chitosan, the adsorbent provides adequate and versatile adsorption for the Cu(II) ions under investigation. 27151669 4 17 theme hydroxyl 670:677 arg1 groups 690:695 the abundant amino and hydroxyl functional groups 647:695 groups 690:695 The results showed that benefiting from the surface property of clay, the abundant amino and hydroxyl functional groups of chitosan, the adsorbent provides adequate and versatile adsorption for the Cu(II) ions under investigation. 27151669 4 17 theme hydroxyl 670:677 arg1 clay 641:644 clay 641:644 clay 641:644 The results showed that benefiting from the surface property of clay, the abundant amino and hydroxyl functional groups of chitosan, the adsorbent provides adequate and versatile adsorption for the Cu(II) ions under investigation. 27151669 9 18 theme hybrid 1529:1534 arg1 composite 1536:1544 the (Ch)/AgNPs/clay hybrid composite 1509:1544 the (Ch)/AgNPs/clay hybrid composite 1509:1544 The study suggests that the (Ch)/AgNPs/clay hybrid composite is a promising nano-adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution. 27151669 9 18 theme hybrid 1529:1534 arg1 nano-adsorbent 1561:1574 a promising nano-adsorbent 1549:1574 a promising nano-adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution 1549:1627 The study suggests that the (Ch)/AgNPs/clay hybrid composite is a promising nano-adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution. 27151669 9 18 theme hybrid 1529:1534 arg1 Ch 1514:1515 Ch 1514:1515 Ch 1514:1515 The study suggests that the (Ch)/AgNPs/clay hybrid composite is a promising nano-adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution. 27151669 5 19 theme contact 954:960 arg1 time 962:965 contact time 954:965 contact time 954:965 The batch adsorption experiments showed that the adsorption of the Cu(II) is considerably dependent on pH of milieu, the amount of adsorbent, and contact time. 27151669 4 20 theme adequate 733:740 arg1 adsorption 756:765 adequate and versatile adsorption 733:765 adequate and versatile adsorption 733:765 The results showed that benefiting from the surface property of clay, the abundant amino and hydroxyl functional groups of chitosan, the adsorbent provides adequate and versatile adsorption for the Cu(II) ions under investigation. 27151669 8 21 theme adsorption 1462:1471 arg1 characters 1473:1482 the adsorption characters 1458:1482 enhancement the adsorption characters 1446:1482 The adsorption efficiency of Cu(II) ions by prepared (Ch)/AgNPs/clay and (Ch)/AuNPs/clay is bigger than that the individual chitosan (Ch)/clay composite which clarifies the role of metal nanoparticles in enhancement the adsorption characters. 27151669 2 22 theme chitosan 328:335 arg1 /AuNPs/clay 341:351 The nanocomposites chitosan (Ch)/clay, chitosan (Ch)/AgNPs/clay and chitosan (Ch)/AuNPs/clay 260:351 The nanocomposites chitosan (Ch)/clay, chitosan (Ch)/AgNPs/clay and chitosan (Ch)/AuNPs/clay 260:351 The nanocomposites chitosan (Ch)/clay, chitosan (Ch)/AgNPs/clay and chitosan (Ch)/AuNPs/clay were prepared by solution mixing method and characterized by FTIR, XRD, and SEM techniques. 27151669 2 23 theme mixing 379:384 arg1 method 386:391 solution mixing method 370:391 solution mixing method 370:391 The nanocomposites chitosan (Ch)/clay, chitosan (Ch)/AgNPs/clay and chitosan (Ch)/AuNPs/clay were prepared by solution mixing method and characterized by FTIR, XRD, and SEM techniques. 27151669 2 24 theme FTIR 414:417 arg1 XRD 420:422 FTIR, XRD, and SEM techniques 414:442 XRD 420:422 The nanocomposites chitosan (Ch)/clay, chitosan (Ch)/AgNPs/clay and chitosan (Ch)/AuNPs/clay were prepared by solution mixing method and characterized by FTIR, XRD, and SEM techniques. 27151669 6 25 theme contact 1094:1100 arg1 time 1102:1105 contact time 1094:1105 contact time 1094:1105 Batch adsorption studies revealed that the adsorption capacity of Cu(II) increased with increase in initial concentration and contact time with optimum pH in the range around neutral. 27151669 4 26 theme clay 641:644 arg1 property 629:636 the surface property 617:636 the surface property of clay, the abundant amino and hydroxyl functional groups of chitosan 617:707 The results showed that benefiting from the surface property of clay, the abundant amino and hydroxyl functional groups of chitosan, the adsorbent provides adequate and versatile adsorption for the Cu(II) ions under investigation. 27151669 1 27 theme gold 158:161 arg1 nanoparticles 174:186 gold and silver nanoparticles 158:186 gold and silver nanoparticles 158:186 In the present study, chitosan assembled on gold and silver nanoparticles were prepared and characterized by UV-vis, TEM, EDX and DLS techniques. 27151669 2 28 theme solution 370:377 arg1 method 386:391 solution mixing method 370:391 solution mixing method 370:391 The nanocomposites chitosan (Ch)/clay, chitosan (Ch)/AgNPs/clay and chitosan (Ch)/AuNPs/clay were prepared by solution mixing method and characterized by FTIR, XRD, and SEM techniques. 27151669 8 29 theme Ch 1316:1317 arg1 /AuNPs/clay 1319:1329 (Ch)/AuNPs/clay 1315:1329 (Ch)/AuNPs/clay 1315:1329 The adsorption efficiency of Cu(II) ions by prepared (Ch)/AgNPs/clay and (Ch)/AuNPs/clay is bigger than that the individual chitosan (Ch)/clay composite which clarifies the role of metal nanoparticles in enhancement the adsorption characters. 27151669 4 30 theme versatile 746:754 arg1 adsorption 756:765 adequate and versatile adsorption 733:765 adequate and versatile adsorption 733:765 The results showed that benefiting from the surface property of clay, the abundant amino and hydroxyl functional groups of chitosan, the adsorbent provides adequate and versatile adsorption for the Cu(II) ions under investigation. 27151669 8 31 dep enhancement 1446:1456 arg1 characters 1473:1482 the adsorption characters 1458:1482 enhancement the adsorption characters 1446:1482 The adsorption efficiency of Cu(II) ions by prepared (Ch)/AgNPs/clay and (Ch)/AuNPs/clay is bigger than that the individual chitosan (Ch)/clay composite which clarifies the role of metal nanoparticles in enhancement the adsorption characters. 27151669 2 32 theme chitosan 279:286 arg1 /clay 292:296 The nanocomposites chitosan (Ch)/clay 260:296 The nanocomposites chitosan (Ch)/clay 260:296 The nanocomposites chitosan (Ch)/clay, chitosan (Ch)/AgNPs/clay and chitosan (Ch)/AuNPs/clay were prepared by solution mixing method and characterized by FTIR, XRD, and SEM techniques. 27151669 2 32 theme chitosan 279:286 arg1 Ch 338:339 Ch 338:339 Ch 338:339 The nanocomposites chitosan (Ch)/clay, chitosan (Ch)/AgNPs/clay and chitosan (Ch)/AuNPs/clay were prepared by solution mixing method and characterized by FTIR, XRD, and SEM techniques. 27151669 2 33 theme /AgNPs/clay 312:322 arg1 /AuNPs/clay 341:351 The nanocomposites chitosan (Ch)/clay, chitosan (Ch)/AgNPs/clay and chitosan (Ch)/AuNPs/clay 260:351 The nanocomposites chitosan (Ch)/clay, chitosan (Ch)/AgNPs/clay and chitosan (Ch)/AuNPs/clay 260:351 The nanocomposites chitosan (Ch)/clay, chitosan (Ch)/AgNPs/clay and chitosan (Ch)/AuNPs/clay were prepared by solution mixing method and characterized by FTIR, XRD, and SEM techniques. 27151669 7 34 theme Cu 1174:1175 arg1 ions 1181:1184 Cu(II) ions 1174:1184 Cu(II) ions 1174:1184 The maximum uptake of Cu(II) ions by (Ch)/AgNPs/clay composite was found to be 181.5mg/g. 27151669 8 35 theme adsorption 1246:1255 arg1 efficiency 1257:1266 The adsorption efficiency 1242:1266 The adsorption efficiency of Cu(II) ions by prepared (Ch)/AgNPs/clay and (Ch)/AuNPs/clay 1242:1329 The adsorption efficiency of Cu(II) ions by prepared (Ch)/AgNPs/clay and (Ch)/AuNPs/clay is bigger than that the individual chitosan (Ch)/clay composite which clarifies the role of metal nanoparticles in enhancement the adsorption characters. 27151669 8 35 theme adsorption 1246:1255 arg1 bigger 1334:1339 bigger 1334:1339 bigger 1334:1339 The adsorption efficiency of Cu(II) ions by prepared (Ch)/AgNPs/clay and (Ch)/AuNPs/clay is bigger than that the individual chitosan (Ch)/clay composite which clarifies the role of metal nanoparticles in enhancement the adsorption characters. 27151669 2 36 theme nanocomposites 264:277 arg1 Ch 289:290 Ch 289:290 Ch 289:290 The nanocomposites chitosan (Ch)/clay, chitosan (Ch)/AgNPs/clay and chitosan (Ch)/AuNPs/clay were prepared by solution mixing method and characterized by FTIR, XRD, and SEM techniques. 27151669 2 36 theme nanocomposites 264:277 arg1 chitosan 279:286 The nanocomposites chitosan 260:286 The nanocomposites chitosan (Ch)/clay 260:296 The nanocomposites chitosan (Ch)/clay, chitosan (Ch)/AgNPs/clay and chitosan (Ch)/AuNPs/clay were prepared by solution mixing method and characterized by FTIR, XRD, and SEM techniques. 27151669 3 37 theme prepared 488:495 arg1 composites 504:513 the prepared hybrid composites 484:513 the prepared hybrid composites from an aqueous solution using batch adsorption 484:561 The adsorption of copper(II) ions onto the prepared hybrid composites from an aqueous solution using batch adsorption was examined. 27151669 1 38 theme silver 167:172 arg1 nanoparticles 174:186 gold and silver nanoparticles 158:186 gold and silver nanoparticles 158:186 In the present study, chitosan assembled on gold and silver nanoparticles were prepared and characterized by UV-vis, TEM, EDX and DLS techniques. 27151669 3 39 theme ions 474:477 arg1 adsorption 449:458 The adsorption 445:458 The adsorption of copper(II) ions onto the prepared hybrid composites from an aqueous solution using batch adsorption 445:561 The adsorption of copper(II) ions onto the prepared hybrid composites from an aqueous solution using batch adsorption was examined. 27151669 9 40 from solution 1620:1627 arg1 removal 1584:1590 the removal 1580:1590 the removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution 1580:1627 The study suggests that the (Ch)/AgNPs/clay hybrid composite is a promising nano-adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution. 27151669 3 41 theme batch 546:550 arg1 adsorption 552:561 batch adsorption 546:561 batch adsorption 546:561 The adsorption of copper(II) ions onto the prepared hybrid composites from an aqueous solution using batch adsorption was examined. 27151669 7 42 theme /AgNPs/clay 1193:1203 arg1 composite 1205:1213 (Ch)/AgNPs/clay composite 1189:1213 (Ch)/AgNPs/clay composite 1189:1213 The maximum uptake of Cu(II) ions by (Ch)/AgNPs/clay composite was found to be 181.5mg/g. 27151669 7 42 theme /AgNPs/clay 1193:1203 arg1 Ch 1190:1191 Ch 1190:1191 Ch 1190:1191 The maximum uptake of Cu(II) ions by (Ch)/AgNPs/clay composite was found to be 181.5mg/g. 27151669 6 43 theme adsorption 974:983 arg1 studies 985:991 Batch adsorption studies 968:991 Batch adsorption studies 968:991 Batch adsorption studies revealed that the adsorption capacity of Cu(II) increased with increase in initial concentration and contact time with optimum pH in the range around neutral. 27151669 1 44 dep UV-vis 223:228 arg1 techniques 248:257 techniques 248:257 techniques 248:257 In the present study, chitosan assembled on gold and silver nanoparticles were prepared and characterized by UV-vis, TEM, EDX and DLS techniques. 27151669 0 45 theme aqueous 96:102 arg1 solution 104:111 aqueous solution 96:111 aqueous solution 96:111 Preparation and characterization of chitosan-clay nanocomposites for the removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solution. 27151669 7 46 theme maximum 1156:1162 arg1 uptake 1164:1169 The maximum uptake 1152:1169 The maximum uptake of Cu(II) ions by (Ch)/AgNPs/clay composite 1152:1213 The maximum uptake of Cu(II) ions by (Ch)/AgNPs/clay composite was found to be 181.5mg/g. 27151669 7 46 theme maximum 1156:1162 arg1 181.5mg/g 1231:1239 181.5mg/g 1231:1239 181.5mg/g 1231:1239 The maximum uptake of Cu(II) ions by (Ch)/AgNPs/clay composite was found to be 181.5mg/g. 27151669 0 47 theme chitosan-clay 36:48 arg1 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 Preparation and characterization of chitosan-clay nanocomposites for the removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solution. 27151669 0 47 theme chitosan-clay 36:48 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and characterization of chitosan-clay nanocomposites for the removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solution. 27151669 4 48 theme abundant 651:658 arg1 amino 660:664 the abundant amino and hydroxyl functional groups 647:695 amino 660:664 The results showed that benefiting from the surface property of clay, the abundant amino and hydroxyl functional groups of chitosan, the adsorbent provides adequate and versatile adsorption for the Cu(II) ions under investigation. 27151669 4 48 theme abundant 651:658 arg1 clay 641:644 clay 641:644 clay 641:644 The results showed that benefiting from the surface property of clay, the abundant amino and hydroxyl functional groups of chitosan, the adsorbent provides adequate and versatile adsorption for the Cu(II) ions under investigation. 27151669 3 49 theme hybrid 497:502 arg1 composites 504:513 the prepared hybrid composites 484:513 the prepared hybrid composites from an aqueous solution using batch adsorption 484:561 The adsorption of copper(II) ions onto the prepared hybrid composites from an aqueous solution using batch adsorption was examined. 27151669 9 50 theme /AgNPs/clay 1517:1527 arg1 composite 1536:1544 the (Ch)/AgNPs/clay hybrid composite 1509:1544 the (Ch)/AgNPs/clay hybrid composite 1509:1544 The study suggests that the (Ch)/AgNPs/clay hybrid composite is a promising nano-adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution. 27151669 9 50 theme /AgNPs/clay 1517:1527 arg1 nano-adsorbent 1561:1574 a promising nano-adsorbent 1549:1574 a promising nano-adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution 1549:1627 The study suggests that the (Ch)/AgNPs/clay hybrid composite is a promising nano-adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution. 27151669 9 50 theme /AgNPs/clay 1517:1527 arg1 Ch 1514:1515 Ch 1514:1515 Ch 1514:1515 The study suggests that the (Ch)/AgNPs/clay hybrid composite is a promising nano-adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution. 27151669 9 51 theme promising 1551:1559 arg1 composite 1536:1544 the (Ch)/AgNPs/clay hybrid composite 1509:1544 the (Ch)/AgNPs/clay hybrid composite 1509:1544 The study suggests that the (Ch)/AgNPs/clay hybrid composite is a promising nano-adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution. 27151669 9 51 theme promising 1551:1559 arg1 nano-adsorbent 1561:1574 a promising nano-adsorbent 1549:1574 a promising nano-adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution 1549:1627 The study suggests that the (Ch)/AgNPs/clay hybrid composite is a promising nano-adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution. 27151669 5 52 theme adsorbent 939:947 arg1 milieu 917:922 milieu 917:922 milieu 917:922 The batch adsorption experiments showed that the adsorption of the Cu(II) is considerably dependent on pH of milieu, the amount of adsorbent, and contact time. 27151669 5 52 theme adsorbent 939:947 arg1 amount 929:934 the amount 925:934 the amount of adsorbent 925:947 The batch adsorption experiments showed that the adsorption of the Cu(II) is considerably dependent on pH of milieu, the amount of adsorbent, and contact time. 27151669 5 52 theme adsorbent 939:947 arg1 time 962:965 contact time 954:965 contact time 954:965 The batch adsorption experiments showed that the adsorption of the Cu(II) is considerably dependent on pH of milieu, the amount of adsorbent, and contact time. 27151669 5 52 theme adsorbent 939:947 arg1 adsorbent 939:947 adsorbent 939:947 adsorbent 939:947 The batch adsorption experiments showed that the adsorption of the Cu(II) is considerably dependent on pH of milieu, the amount of adsorbent, and contact time. 27151669 7 53 theme ions 1181:1184 arg1 uptake 1164:1169 The maximum uptake 1152:1169 The maximum uptake of Cu(II) ions by (Ch)/AgNPs/clay composite 1152:1213 The maximum uptake of Cu(II) ions by (Ch)/AgNPs/clay composite was found to be 181.5mg/g. 27151669 7 53 theme ions 1181:1184 arg1 181.5mg/g 1231:1239 181.5mg/g 1231:1239 181.5mg/g 1231:1239 The maximum uptake of Cu(II) ions by (Ch)/AgNPs/clay composite was found to be 181.5mg/g. 27151669 6 54 theme Cu 1034:1035 arg1 capacity 1022:1029 the adsorption capacity 1007:1029 the adsorption capacity of Cu(II) 1007:1039 Batch adsorption studies revealed that the adsorption capacity of Cu(II) increased with increase in initial concentration and contact time with optimum pH in the range around neutral. 27151669 8 55 theme Cu 1271:1272 arg1 ions 1278:1281 Cu(II) ions 1271:1281 Cu(II) ions 1271:1281 The adsorption efficiency of Cu(II) ions by prepared (Ch)/AgNPs/clay and (Ch)/AuNPs/clay is bigger than that the individual chitosan (Ch)/clay composite which clarifies the role of metal nanoparticles in enhancement the adsorption characters. 27151669 2 56 theme /clay 292:296 arg1 /AuNPs/clay 341:351 The nanocomposites chitosan (Ch)/clay, chitosan (Ch)/AgNPs/clay and chitosan (Ch)/AuNPs/clay 260:351 The nanocomposites chitosan (Ch)/clay, chitosan (Ch)/AgNPs/clay and chitosan (Ch)/AuNPs/clay 260:351 The nanocomposites chitosan (Ch)/clay, chitosan (Ch)/AgNPs/clay and chitosan (Ch)/AuNPs/clay were prepared by solution mixing method and characterized by FTIR, XRD, and SEM techniques. 27151669 8 57 dep prepared 1286:1293 arg1 Ch 1296:1297 Ch 1296:1297 Ch 1296:1297 The adsorption efficiency of Cu(II) ions by prepared (Ch)/AgNPs/clay and (Ch)/AuNPs/clay is bigger than that the individual chitosan (Ch)/clay composite which clarifies the role of metal nanoparticles in enhancement the adsorption characters. 27151669 5 58 theme Cu 875:876 arg1 adsorption 857:866 the adsorption 853:866 the adsorption of the Cu(II) 853:880 The batch adsorption experiments showed that the adsorption of the Cu(II) is considerably dependent on pH of milieu, the amount of adsorbent, and contact time. 27151669 5 58 theme Cu 875:876 arg1 dependent 898:906 dependent 898:906 dependent 898:906 The batch adsorption experiments showed that the adsorption of the Cu(II) is considerably dependent on pH of milieu, the amount of adsorbent, and contact time. 27151669 6 59 theme initial 1068:1074 arg1 concentration 1076:1088 initial concentration 1068:1088 initial concentration 1068:1088 Batch adsorption studies revealed that the adsorption capacity of Cu(II) increased with increase in initial concentration and contact time with optimum pH in the range around neutral. 27151669 6 60 theme Batch 968:972 arg1 studies 985:991 Batch adsorption studies 968:991 Batch adsorption studies 968:991 Batch adsorption studies revealed that the adsorption capacity of Cu(II) increased with increase in initial concentration and contact time with optimum pH in the range around neutral. 27151669 6 61 from increase 1056:1063 arg1 time 1102:1105 contact time 1094:1105 contact time 1094:1105 Batch adsorption studies revealed that the adsorption capacity of Cu(II) increased with increase in initial concentration and contact time with optimum pH in the range around neutral. 27151669 6 61 from increase 1056:1063 arg1 concentration 1076:1088 initial concentration 1068:1088 initial concentration 1068:1088 Batch adsorption studies revealed that the adsorption capacity of Cu(II) increased with increase in initial concentration and contact time with optimum pH in the range around neutral. 27151669 5 62 theme milieu 917:922 arg1 pH 911:912 pH 911:912 pH of milieu, the amount of adsorbent, and contact time 911:965 The batch adsorption experiments showed that the adsorption of the Cu(II) is considerably dependent on pH of milieu, the amount of adsorbent, and contact time. 27151669 3 63 theme aqueous 523:529 arg1 solution 531:538 an aqueous solution 520:538 an aqueous solution using batch adsorption 520:561 The adsorption of copper(II) ions onto the prepared hybrid composites from an aqueous solution using batch adsorption was examined. 27151669 5 64 theme amount 929:934 arg1 pH 911:912 pH 911:912 pH of milieu, the amount of adsorbent, and contact time 911:965 The batch adsorption experiments showed that the adsorption of the Cu(II) is considerably dependent on pH of milieu, the amount of adsorbent, and contact time. 27151669 4 65 theme surface 621:627 arg1 property 629:636 the surface property 617:636 the surface property of clay, the abundant amino and hydroxyl functional groups of chitosan 617:707 The results showed that benefiting from the surface property of clay, the abundant amino and hydroxyl functional groups of chitosan, the adsorbent provides adequate and versatile adsorption for the Cu(II) ions under investigation. 27151669 9 66 theme aqueous 1612:1618 arg1 solution 1620:1627 aqueous solution 1612:1627 aqueous solution 1612:1627 The study suggests that the (Ch)/AgNPs/clay hybrid composite is a promising nano-adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution. 27151669 4 67 theme chitosan 700:707 arg1 amino 660:664 the abundant amino and hydroxyl functional groups 647:695 amino 660:664 The results showed that benefiting from the surface property of clay, the abundant amino and hydroxyl functional groups of chitosan, the adsorbent provides adequate and versatile adsorption for the Cu(II) ions under investigation. 27151669 4 67 theme chitosan 700:707 arg1 chitosan 700:707 chitosan 700:707 chitosan 700:707 The results showed that benefiting from the surface property of clay, the abundant amino and hydroxyl functional groups of chitosan, the adsorbent provides adequate and versatile adsorption for the Cu(II) ions under investigation. 27151669 4 67 theme chitosan 700:707 arg1 groups 690:695 the abundant amino and hydroxyl functional groups 647:695 groups 690:695 The results showed that benefiting from the surface property of clay, the abundant amino and hydroxyl functional groups of chitosan, the adsorbent provides adequate and versatile adsorption for the Cu(II) ions under investigation. 27151669 4 67 theme chitosan 700:707 arg1 clay 641:644 clay 641:644 clay 641:644 The results showed that benefiting from the surface property of clay, the abundant amino and hydroxyl functional groups of chitosan, the adsorbent provides adequate and versatile adsorption for the Cu(II) ions under investigation. 27151669 1 68 theme present 121:127 arg1 study 129:133 the present study 117:133 the present study 117:133 In the present study, chitosan assembled on gold and silver nanoparticles were prepared and characterized by UV-vis, TEM, EDX and DLS techniques. 27151669 9 69 theme Cu 1595:1596 arg1 ions 1602:1605 Cu(II) ions 1595:1605 Cu(II) ions 1595:1605 The study suggests that the (Ch)/AgNPs/clay hybrid composite is a promising nano-adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution. 27151669 8 70 theme ions 1278:1281 arg1 efficiency 1257:1266 The adsorption efficiency 1242:1266 The adsorption efficiency of Cu(II) ions by prepared (Ch)/AgNPs/clay and (Ch)/AuNPs/clay 1242:1329 The adsorption efficiency of Cu(II) ions by prepared (Ch)/AgNPs/clay and (Ch)/AuNPs/clay is bigger than that the individual chitosan (Ch)/clay composite which clarifies the role of metal nanoparticles in enhancement the adsorption characters. 27151669 8 70 theme ions 1278:1281 arg1 bigger 1334:1339 bigger 1334:1339 bigger 1334:1339 The adsorption efficiency of Cu(II) ions by prepared (Ch)/AgNPs/clay and (Ch)/AuNPs/clay is bigger than that the individual chitosan (Ch)/clay composite which clarifies the role of metal nanoparticles in enhancement the adsorption characters. 27151669 8 71 theme individual 1355:1364 arg1 Ch 1376:1377 Ch 1376:1377 Ch 1376:1377 The adsorption efficiency of Cu(II) ions by prepared (Ch)/AgNPs/clay and (Ch)/AuNPs/clay is bigger than that the individual chitosan (Ch)/clay composite which clarifies the role of metal nanoparticles in enhancement the adsorption characters. 27151669 8 71 theme individual 1355:1364 arg1 chitosan 1366:1373 the individual chitosan 1351:1373 the individual chitosan (Ch) 1351:1378 The adsorption efficiency of Cu(II) ions by prepared (Ch)/AgNPs/clay and (Ch)/AuNPs/clay is bigger than that the individual chitosan (Ch)/clay composite which clarifies the role of metal nanoparticles in enhancement the adsorption characters. 27151669 0 72 from solution 104:111 arg1 removal 73:79 the removal 69:79 the removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solution 69:111 Preparation and characterization of chitosan-clay nanocomposites for the removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solution. 27387820 0 0 theme Rod 72:74 arg1 Polyrotaxanes 76:88 Flexible Rod Polyrotaxanes 63:88 Flexible Rod Polyrotaxanes 63:88 Influence of Molecular Structure on the In Vivo Performance of Flexible Rod Polyrotaxanes. 27387820 3 1 theme 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin 520:549 arg1 polyrotaxanes 551:563 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes 520:563 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes 520:563 We sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles, toxicities, and protein corona compositions of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes as a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency, molecular weight, and triblock copolymer core structure. 27387820 0 2 theme Flexible 63:70 arg1 Polyrotaxanes 76:88 Flexible Rod Polyrotaxanes 63:88 Flexible Rod Polyrotaxanes 63:88 Influence of Molecular Structure on the In Vivo Performance of Flexible Rod Polyrotaxanes. 27387820 1 3 theme noncovalent 156:166 arg1 assemblies 187:196 noncovalent polymer/macrocycle assemblies 156:196 noncovalent polymer/macrocycle assemblies 156:196 Polyrotaxanes, a family of rod-shaped nanomaterials comprised of noncovalent polymer/macrocycle assemblies, are being used in a growing number of materials and biomedical applications. 27387820 3 4 from variations 582:591 arg1 efficiency 617:626 macrocycle threading efficiency 596:626 macrocycle threading efficiency 596:626 We sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles, toxicities, and protein corona compositions of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes as a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency, molecular weight, and triblock copolymer core structure. 27387820 1 5 theme biomedical 251:260 arg1 applications 262:273 biomedical applications 251:273 biomedical applications 251:273 Polyrotaxanes, a family of rod-shaped nanomaterials comprised of noncovalent polymer/macrocycle assemblies, are being used in a growing number of materials and biomedical applications. 27387820 0 6 from Influence 0:8 arg1 Performance 48:58 the In Vivo Performance 36:58 the In Vivo Performance of Flexible Rod Polyrotaxanes 36:88 Influence of Molecular Structure on the In Vivo Performance of Flexible Rod Polyrotaxanes. 27387820 3 7 theme molecular 629:637 arg1 weight 639:644 molecular weight 629:644 molecular weight 629:644 We sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles, toxicities, and protein corona compositions of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes as a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency, molecular weight, and triblock copolymer core structure. 27387820 3 8 theme variations 582:591 arg1 profiles 463:470 the pharmacokinetic profiles 443:470 the pharmacokinetic profiles 443:470 We sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles, toxicities, and protein corona compositions of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes as a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency, molecular weight, and triblock copolymer core structure. 27387820 3 8 theme variations 582:591 arg1 compositions 504:515 protein corona compositions 489:515 protein corona compositions 489:515 We sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles, toxicities, and protein corona compositions of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes as a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency, molecular weight, and triblock copolymer core structure. 27387820 3 8 theme variations 582:591 arg1 function 570:577 a function 568:577 a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency 568:626 We sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles, toxicities, and protein corona compositions of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes as a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency, molecular weight, and triblock copolymer core structure. 27387820 3 8 theme variations 582:591 arg1 structure 675:683 triblock copolymer core structure 651:683 triblock copolymer core structure 651:683 We sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles, toxicities, and protein corona compositions of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes as a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency, molecular weight, and triblock copolymer core structure. 27387820 3 8 theme variations 582:591 arg1 toxicities 473:482 toxicities 473:482 toxicities 473:482 We sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles, toxicities, and protein corona compositions of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes as a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency, molecular weight, and triblock copolymer core structure. 27387820 3 8 theme variations 582:591 arg1 weight 639:644 molecular weight 629:644 molecular weight 629:644 We sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles, toxicities, and protein corona compositions of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes as a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency, molecular weight, and triblock copolymer core structure. 27387820 3 9 theme threading 607:615 arg1 efficiency 617:626 macrocycle threading efficiency 596:626 macrocycle threading efficiency 596:626 We sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles, toxicities, and protein corona compositions of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes as a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency, molecular weight, and triblock copolymer core structure. 27387820 1 10 theme applications 262:273 arg1 number 227:232 a growing number 217:232 a growing number of materials and biomedical applications 217:273 Polyrotaxanes, a family of rod-shaped nanomaterials comprised of noncovalent polymer/macrocycle assemblies, are being used in a growing number of materials and biomedical applications. 27387820 0 11 theme Polyrotaxanes 76:88 arg1 Performance 48:58 the In Vivo Performance 36:58 the In Vivo Performance of Flexible Rod Polyrotaxanes 36:88 Influence of Molecular Structure on the In Vivo Performance of Flexible Rod Polyrotaxanes. 27387820 4 12 theme rapid 913:917 arg1 clearance 919:927 rapid clearance 913:927 rapid clearance 913:927 We show that polyrotaxane fate in vivo is governed by the structure and dynamics of their rodlike morphologies, such that highly threaded polyrotaxanes are long circulating and deposit in the liver, whereas lung deposition and rapid clearance is observed for species bearing lower 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin threading percentages. 27387820 3 13 theme corona 497:502 arg1 compositions 504:515 protein corona compositions 489:515 protein corona compositions 489:515 We sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles, toxicities, and protein corona compositions of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes as a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency, molecular weight, and triblock copolymer core structure. 27387820 3 13 theme corona 497:502 arg1 toxicities 473:482 toxicities 473:482 toxicities 473:482 We sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles, toxicities, and protein corona compositions of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes as a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency, molecular weight, and triblock copolymer core structure. 27387820 3 13 theme corona 497:502 arg1 function 570:577 a function 568:577 a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency 568:626 We sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles, toxicities, and protein corona compositions of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes as a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency, molecular weight, and triblock copolymer core structure. 27387820 3 13 theme corona 497:502 arg1 profiles 463:470 the pharmacokinetic profiles 443:470 the pharmacokinetic profiles 443:470 We sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles, toxicities, and protein corona compositions of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes as a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency, molecular weight, and triblock copolymer core structure. 27387820 2 14 dep different 377:385 arg1 in 387:388 in 387:388 in 387:388 Their physiochemical properties can vary widely as a function of composition, potentially leading to different in vivo performance outcomes. 27387820 1 15 theme polymer/macrocycle 168:185 arg1 assemblies 187:196 noncovalent polymer/macrocycle assemblies 156:196 noncovalent polymer/macrocycle assemblies 156:196 Polyrotaxanes, a family of rod-shaped nanomaterials comprised of noncovalent polymer/macrocycle assemblies, are being used in a growing number of materials and biomedical applications. 27387820 5 16 from influence 1177:1185 arg1 toxicity 1196:1203 their toxicity 1190:1203 their toxicity 1190:1203 Architecture differences also promote recruitment of different serum protein classes and proportions; however, physiochemical differences have little or no influence on their toxicity. 27387820 2 17 theme performance 395:405 arg1 outcomes 407:414 different in vivo performance outcomes 377:414 different in vivo performance outcomes 377:414 Their physiochemical properties can vary widely as a function of composition, potentially leading to different in vivo performance outcomes. 27387820 5 18 theme serum 1084:1088 arg1 classes 1098:1104 different serum protein classes 1074:1104 different serum protein classes 1074:1104 Architecture differences also promote recruitment of different serum protein classes and proportions; however, physiochemical differences have little or no influence on their toxicity. 27387820 4 19 theme lung 893:896 arg1 deposition 898:907 lung deposition 893:907 lung deposition 893:907 We show that polyrotaxane fate in vivo is governed by the structure and dynamics of their rodlike morphologies, such that highly threaded polyrotaxanes are long circulating and deposit in the liver, whereas lung deposition and rapid clearance is observed for species bearing lower 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin threading percentages. 27387820 4 20 theme rodlike 776:782 arg1 morphologies 784:795 their rodlike morphologies 770:795 their rodlike morphologies 770:795 We show that polyrotaxane fate in vivo is governed by the structure and dynamics of their rodlike morphologies, such that highly threaded polyrotaxanes are long circulating and deposit in the liver, whereas lung deposition and rapid clearance is observed for species bearing lower 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin threading percentages. 27387820 4 20 theme rodlike 776:782 arg1 such 798:801 such 798:801 such 798:801 We show that polyrotaxane fate in vivo is governed by the structure and dynamics of their rodlike morphologies, such that highly threaded polyrotaxanes are long circulating and deposit in the liver, whereas lung deposition and rapid clearance is observed for species bearing lower 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin threading percentages. 27387820 3 21 from structure 675:683 arg1 efficiency 617:626 macrocycle threading efficiency 596:626 macrocycle threading efficiency 596:626 We sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles, toxicities, and protein corona compositions of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes as a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency, molecular weight, and triblock copolymer core structure. 27387820 4 22 dep governed 728:735 arg1 whereas 885:891 whereas 885:891 whereas 885:891 We show that polyrotaxane fate in vivo is governed by the structure and dynamics of their rodlike morphologies, such that highly threaded polyrotaxanes are long circulating and deposit in the liver, whereas lung deposition and rapid clearance is observed for species bearing lower 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin threading percentages. 27387820 4 23 dep structure 744:752 arg1 the 740:742 the 740:742 the 740:742 We show that polyrotaxane fate in vivo is governed by the structure and dynamics of their rodlike morphologies, such that highly threaded polyrotaxanes are long circulating and deposit in the liver, whereas lung deposition and rapid clearance is observed for species bearing lower 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin threading percentages. 27387820 0 24 theme Structure 23:31 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of Molecular Structure on the In Vivo Performance of Flexible Rod Polyrotaxanes. 0:89 Influence of Molecular Structure on the In Vivo Performance of Flexible Rod Polyrotaxanes. 27387820 5 25 theme protein 1090:1096 arg1 classes 1098:1104 different serum protein classes 1074:1104 different serum protein classes 1074:1104 Architecture differences also promote recruitment of different serum protein classes and proportions; however, physiochemical differences have little or no influence on their toxicity. 27387820 4 26 theme lower 961:965 arg1 percentages 1008:1018 lower 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin threading percentages 961:1018 lower 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin threading percentages 961:1018 We show that polyrotaxane fate in vivo is governed by the structure and dynamics of their rodlike morphologies, such that highly threaded polyrotaxanes are long circulating and deposit in the liver, whereas lung deposition and rapid clearance is observed for species bearing lower 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin threading percentages. 27387820 3 27 theme macrocycle 596:605 arg1 efficiency 617:626 macrocycle threading efficiency 596:626 macrocycle threading efficiency 596:626 We sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles, toxicities, and protein corona compositions of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes as a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency, molecular weight, and triblock copolymer core structure. 27387820 3 28 from weight 639:644 arg1 efficiency 617:626 macrocycle threading efficiency 596:626 macrocycle threading efficiency 596:626 We sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles, toxicities, and protein corona compositions of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes as a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency, molecular weight, and triblock copolymer core structure. 27387820 0 29 theme Molecular 13:21 arg1 Structure 23:31 Molecular Structure 13:31 Molecular Structure 13:31 Influence of Molecular Structure on the In Vivo Performance of Flexible Rod Polyrotaxanes. 27387820 2 30 theme physiochemical 282:295 arg1 properties 297:306 Their physiochemical properties 276:306 Their physiochemical properties 276:306 Their physiochemical properties can vary widely as a function of composition, potentially leading to different in vivo performance outcomes. 27387820 6 31 theme polyrotaxanes 1290:1302 arg1 development 1275:1285 the development 1271:1285 the development of polyrotaxanes 1271:1302 These findings provide important structural insights for guiding the development of polyrotaxanes as scaffolds for biomedical applications. 27387820 6 31 theme polyrotaxanes 1290:1302 arg1 scaffolds 1307:1315 scaffolds 1307:1315 scaffolds for biomedical applications 1307:1343 These findings provide important structural insights for guiding the development of polyrotaxanes as scaffolds for biomedical applications. 27387820 3 32 theme polyrotaxanes 551:563 arg1 compositions 504:515 protein corona compositions 489:515 protein corona compositions 489:515 We sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles, toxicities, and protein corona compositions of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes as a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency, molecular weight, and triblock copolymer core structure. 27387820 3 32 theme polyrotaxanes 551:563 arg1 toxicities 473:482 toxicities 473:482 toxicities 473:482 We sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles, toxicities, and protein corona compositions of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes as a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency, molecular weight, and triblock copolymer core structure. 27387820 3 32 theme polyrotaxanes 551:563 arg1 function 570:577 a function 568:577 a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency 568:626 We sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles, toxicities, and protein corona compositions of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes as a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency, molecular weight, and triblock copolymer core structure. 27387820 3 32 theme polyrotaxanes 551:563 arg1 profiles 463:470 the pharmacokinetic profiles 443:470 the pharmacokinetic profiles 443:470 We sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles, toxicities, and protein corona compositions of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes as a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency, molecular weight, and triblock copolymer core structure. 27387820 1 33 theme nanomaterials 129:141 arg1 Polyrotaxanes 91:103 Polyrotaxanes 91:103 Polyrotaxanes 91:103 Polyrotaxanes, a family of rod-shaped nanomaterials comprised of noncovalent polymer/macrocycle assemblies, are being used in a growing number of materials and biomedical applications. 27387820 1 33 theme nanomaterials 129:141 arg1 family 108:113 a family 106:113 a family of rod-shaped nanomaterials comprised of noncovalent polymer/macrocycle assemblies 106:196 Polyrotaxanes, a family of rod-shaped nanomaterials comprised of noncovalent polymer/macrocycle assemblies, are being used in a growing number of materials and biomedical applications. 27387820 5 34 contain have 1159:1162 arg1 differences 1147:1157 physiochemical differences 1132:1157 physiochemical differences 1132:1157 Architecture differences also promote recruitment of different serum protein classes and proportions; however, physiochemical differences have little or no influence on their toxicity. 27387820 5 34 contain have 1159:1162 arg2 influence 1177:1185 no influence 1174:1185 no influence on their toxicity 1174:1203 Architecture differences also promote recruitment of different serum protein classes and proportions; however, physiochemical differences have little or no influence on their toxicity. 27387820 5 34 contain have 1159:1162 arg2 little 1164:1169 little 1164:1169 little 1164:1169 Architecture differences also promote recruitment of different serum protein classes and proportions; however, physiochemical differences have little or no influence on their toxicity. 27387820 4 35 theme threading 998:1006 arg1 percentages 1008:1018 lower 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin threading percentages 961:1018 lower 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin threading percentages 961:1018 We show that polyrotaxane fate in vivo is governed by the structure and dynamics of their rodlike morphologies, such that highly threaded polyrotaxanes are long circulating and deposit in the liver, whereas lung deposition and rapid clearance is observed for species bearing lower 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin threading percentages. 27387820 3 36 theme pharmacokinetic 447:461 arg1 compositions 504:515 protein corona compositions 489:515 protein corona compositions 489:515 We sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles, toxicities, and protein corona compositions of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes as a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency, molecular weight, and triblock copolymer core structure. 27387820 3 36 theme pharmacokinetic 447:461 arg1 toxicities 473:482 toxicities 473:482 toxicities 473:482 We sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles, toxicities, and protein corona compositions of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes as a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency, molecular weight, and triblock copolymer core structure. 27387820 3 36 theme pharmacokinetic 447:461 arg1 function 570:577 a function 568:577 a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency 568:626 We sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles, toxicities, and protein corona compositions of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes as a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency, molecular weight, and triblock copolymer core structure. 27387820 3 36 theme pharmacokinetic 447:461 arg1 profiles 463:470 the pharmacokinetic profiles 443:470 the pharmacokinetic profiles 443:470 We sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles, toxicities, and protein corona compositions of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes as a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency, molecular weight, and triblock copolymer core structure. 27387820 4 37 theme 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin 967:996 arg1 percentages 1008:1018 lower 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin threading percentages 961:1018 lower 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin threading percentages 961:1018 We show that polyrotaxane fate in vivo is governed by the structure and dynamics of their rodlike morphologies, such that highly threaded polyrotaxanes are long circulating and deposit in the liver, whereas lung deposition and rapid clearance is observed for species bearing lower 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin threading percentages. 27387820 0 38 dep In 40:41 arg1 Vivo 43:46 Vivo 43:46 Vivo 43:46 Influence of Molecular Structure on the In Vivo Performance of Flexible Rod Polyrotaxanes. 27387820 1 39 used used 209:212 arg2 Polyrotaxanes 91:103 Polyrotaxanes 91:103 Polyrotaxanes 91:103 Polyrotaxanes, a family of rod-shaped nanomaterials comprised of noncovalent polymer/macrocycle assemblies, are being used in a growing number of materials and biomedical applications. 27387820 1 39 used used 209:212 arg2 family 108:113 a family 106:113 a family of rod-shaped nanomaterials comprised of noncovalent polymer/macrocycle assemblies 106:196 Polyrotaxanes, a family of rod-shaped nanomaterials comprised of noncovalent polymer/macrocycle assemblies, are being used in a growing number of materials and biomedical applications. 27387820 6 40 theme important 1229:1237 arg1 insights 1250:1257 important structural insights 1229:1257 important structural insights for guiding the development of polyrotaxanes as scaffolds for biomedical applications 1229:1343 These findings provide important structural insights for guiding the development of polyrotaxanes as scaffolds for biomedical applications. 27387820 0 41 theme In 40:41 arg1 Performance 48:58 the In Vivo Performance 36:58 the In Vivo Performance of Flexible Rod Polyrotaxanes 36:88 Influence of Molecular Structure on the In Vivo Performance of Flexible Rod Polyrotaxanes. 27387820 5 42 theme physiochemical 1132:1145 arg1 differences 1147:1157 physiochemical differences 1132:1157 physiochemical differences 1132:1157 Architecture differences also promote recruitment of different serum protein classes and proportions; however, physiochemical differences have little or no influence on their toxicity. 27387820 2 43 theme composition 341:351 arg1 function 329:336 a function 327:336 a function of composition 327:351 Their physiochemical properties can vary widely as a function of composition, potentially leading to different in vivo performance outcomes. 27387820 5 44 theme classes 1098:1104 arg1 recruitment 1059:1069 recruitment 1059:1069 recruitment of different serum protein classes and proportions 1059:1120 Architecture differences also promote recruitment of different serum protein classes and proportions; however, physiochemical differences have little or no influence on their toxicity. 27387820 4 45 dep such 798:801 arg1 deposit 863:869 deposit 863:869 deposit in the liver 863:882 We show that polyrotaxane fate in vivo is governed by the structure and dynamics of their rodlike morphologies, such that highly threaded polyrotaxanes are long circulating and deposit in the liver, whereas lung deposition and rapid clearance is observed for species bearing lower 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin threading percentages. 27387820 4 45 dep such 798:801 arg1 circulating 847:857 circulating 847:857 are long circulating 838:857 We show that polyrotaxane fate in vivo is governed by the structure and dynamics of their rodlike morphologies, such that highly threaded polyrotaxanes are long circulating and deposit in the liver, whereas lung deposition and rapid clearance is observed for species bearing lower 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin threading percentages. 27387820 5 46 theme different 1074:1082 arg1 classes 1098:1104 different serum protein classes 1074:1104 different serum protein classes 1074:1104 Architecture differences also promote recruitment of different serum protein classes and proportions; however, physiochemical differences have little or no influence on their toxicity. 27387820 3 47 theme core 670:673 arg1 structure 675:683 triblock copolymer core structure 651:683 triblock copolymer core structure 651:683 We sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles, toxicities, and protein corona compositions of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes as a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency, molecular weight, and triblock copolymer core structure. 27387820 5 48 theme proportions 1110:1120 arg1 recruitment 1059:1069 recruitment 1059:1069 recruitment of different serum protein classes and proportions 1059:1120 Architecture differences also promote recruitment of different serum protein classes and proportions; however, physiochemical differences have little or no influence on their toxicity. 27387820 3 49 theme protein 489:495 arg1 compositions 504:515 protein corona compositions 489:515 protein corona compositions 489:515 We sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles, toxicities, and protein corona compositions of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes as a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency, molecular weight, and triblock copolymer core structure. 27387820 3 49 theme protein 489:495 arg1 toxicities 473:482 toxicities 473:482 toxicities 473:482 We sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles, toxicities, and protein corona compositions of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes as a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency, molecular weight, and triblock copolymer core structure. 27387820 3 49 theme protein 489:495 arg1 function 570:577 a function 568:577 a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency 568:626 We sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles, toxicities, and protein corona compositions of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes as a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency, molecular weight, and triblock copolymer core structure. 27387820 3 49 theme protein 489:495 arg1 profiles 463:470 the pharmacokinetic profiles 443:470 the pharmacokinetic profiles 443:470 We sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles, toxicities, and protein corona compositions of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes as a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency, molecular weight, and triblock copolymer core structure. 27387820 5 50 theme Architecture 1021:1032 arg1 differences 1034:1044 Architecture differences 1021:1044 Architecture differences 1021:1044 Architecture differences also promote recruitment of different serum protein classes and proportions; however, physiochemical differences have little or no influence on their toxicity. 27387820 1 51 theme growing 219:225 arg1 number 227:232 a growing number 217:232 a growing number of materials and biomedical applications 217:273 Polyrotaxanes, a family of rod-shaped nanomaterials comprised of noncovalent polymer/macrocycle assemblies, are being used in a growing number of materials and biomedical applications. 27387820 4 52 theme threaded 815:822 arg1 polyrotaxanes 824:836 highly threaded polyrotaxanes 808:836 highly threaded polyrotaxanes 808:836 We show that polyrotaxane fate in vivo is governed by the structure and dynamics of their rodlike morphologies, such that highly threaded polyrotaxanes are long circulating and deposit in the liver, whereas lung deposition and rapid clearance is observed for species bearing lower 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin threading percentages. 27387820 2 53 dep in 387:388 arg1 vivo 390:393 vivo 390:393 vivo 390:393 Their physiochemical properties can vary widely as a function of composition, potentially leading to different in vivo performance outcomes. 27387820 4 54 theme morphologies 784:795 arg1 dynamics 758:765 dynamics 758:765 dynamics 758:765 We show that polyrotaxane fate in vivo is governed by the structure and dynamics of their rodlike morphologies, such that highly threaded polyrotaxanes are long circulating and deposit in the liver, whereas lung deposition and rapid clearance is observed for species bearing lower 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin threading percentages. 27387820 4 54 theme morphologies 784:795 arg1 structure 744:752 structure 744:752 structure 744:752 We show that polyrotaxane fate in vivo is governed by the structure and dynamics of their rodlike morphologies, such that highly threaded polyrotaxanes are long circulating and deposit in the liver, whereas lung deposition and rapid clearance is observed for species bearing lower 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin threading percentages. 27387820 1 55 theme rod-shaped 118:127 arg1 nanomaterials 129:141 rod-shaped nanomaterials 118:141 rod-shaped nanomaterials comprised of noncovalent polymer/macrocycle assemblies 118:196 Polyrotaxanes, a family of rod-shaped nanomaterials comprised of noncovalent polymer/macrocycle assemblies, are being used in a growing number of materials and biomedical applications. 27387820 3 56 from efficiency 617:626 arg1 profiles 463:470 the pharmacokinetic profiles 443:470 the pharmacokinetic profiles 443:470 We sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles, toxicities, and protein corona compositions of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes as a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency, molecular weight, and triblock copolymer core structure. 27387820 3 56 from efficiency 617:626 arg1 compositions 504:515 protein corona compositions 489:515 protein corona compositions 489:515 We sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles, toxicities, and protein corona compositions of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes as a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency, molecular weight, and triblock copolymer core structure. 27387820 3 56 from efficiency 617:626 arg1 function 570:577 a function 568:577 a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency 568:626 We sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles, toxicities, and protein corona compositions of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes as a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency, molecular weight, and triblock copolymer core structure. 27387820 3 56 from efficiency 617:626 arg1 structure 675:683 triblock copolymer core structure 651:683 triblock copolymer core structure 651:683 We sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles, toxicities, and protein corona compositions of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes as a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency, molecular weight, and triblock copolymer core structure. 27387820 3 56 from efficiency 617:626 arg1 toxicities 473:482 toxicities 473:482 toxicities 473:482 We sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles, toxicities, and protein corona compositions of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes as a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency, molecular weight, and triblock copolymer core structure. 27387820 3 56 from efficiency 617:626 arg1 weight 639:644 molecular weight 629:644 molecular weight 629:644 We sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles, toxicities, and protein corona compositions of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes as a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency, molecular weight, and triblock copolymer core structure. 27387820 3 57 theme triblock 651:658 arg1 structure 675:683 triblock copolymer core structure 651:683 triblock copolymer core structure 651:683 We sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles, toxicities, and protein corona compositions of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes as a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency, molecular weight, and triblock copolymer core structure. 27387820 2 58 theme different 377:385 arg1 outcomes 407:414 different in vivo performance outcomes 377:414 different in vivo performance outcomes 377:414 Their physiochemical properties can vary widely as a function of composition, potentially leading to different in vivo performance outcomes. 27387820 4 59 theme polyrotaxane 699:710 arg1 fate 712:715 polyrotaxane fate 699:715 polyrotaxane fate in vivo 699:723 We show that polyrotaxane fate in vivo is governed by the structure and dynamics of their rodlike morphologies, such that highly threaded polyrotaxanes are long circulating and deposit in the liver, whereas lung deposition and rapid clearance is observed for species bearing lower 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin threading percentages. 27387820 6 60 theme structural 1239:1248 arg1 insights 1250:1257 important structural insights 1229:1257 important structural insights for guiding the development of polyrotaxanes as scaffolds for biomedical applications 1229:1343 These findings provide important structural insights for guiding the development of polyrotaxanes as scaffolds for biomedical applications. 27387820 3 61 theme copolymer 660:668 arg1 structure 675:683 triblock copolymer core structure 651:683 triblock copolymer core structure 651:683 We sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles, toxicities, and protein corona compositions of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes as a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency, molecular weight, and triblock copolymer core structure. 27387820 6 62 theme biomedical 1321:1330 arg1 applications 1332:1343 biomedical applications 1321:1343 biomedical applications 1321:1343 These findings provide important structural insights for guiding the development of polyrotaxanes as scaffolds for biomedical applications. 27387820 3 63 from function 570:577 arg1 efficiency 617:626 macrocycle threading efficiency 596:626 macrocycle threading efficiency 596:626 We sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles, toxicities, and protein corona compositions of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes as a function of variations in macrocycle threading efficiency, molecular weight, and triblock copolymer core structure. 27387820 1 64 theme materials 237:245 arg1 number 227:232 a growing number 217:232 a growing number of materials and biomedical applications 217:273 Polyrotaxanes, a family of rod-shaped nanomaterials comprised of noncovalent polymer/macrocycle assemblies, are being used in a growing number of materials and biomedical applications. 25855565 0 0 theme urea-formaldehyde 85:101 arg1 adhesives 103:111 urea-formaldehyde adhesives 85:111 urea-formaldehyde adhesives 85:111 The microcapsule-type formaldehyde scavenger: the preparation and the application in urea-formaldehyde adhesives. 25855565 6 1 from FE 976:977 arg1 period 1039:1044 both short (3h) and long (12 week) period 1004:1044 both short (3h) and long (12 week) period 1004:1044 The bonding strength (BS) and the FE of the bonded plywood in both short (3h) and long (12 week) period were evaluated in detail. 25855565 2 2 theme main 373:376 arg1 sources 378:384 the main sources 369:384 the main sources of FE from the wood products 369:413 The widely used formaldehyde-based adhesives are one of the main sources of FE from the wood products. 25855565 9 3 theme formaldehyde 1442:1453 arg1 emission 1424:1431 the emission 1420:1431 the emission of toxic formaldehyde 1420:1453 The slow released urea would continuously suppress the emission of toxic formaldehyde in a sustained manner without obviously deteriorating on the BS of the adhesives. 25855565 5 4 theme prepared 758:765 arg1 UC 767:768 The prepared UC 754:768 The prepared UC 754:768 The prepared UC could be integrated in urea-formaldehyde resins by simply physical blending, and the mixtures were available to be applied as the adhesives for the manufacture of plywood. 25855565 7 5 theme duple 1140:1144 arg1 law 1158:1160 a duple exponential law 1138:1160 a duple exponential law within 12 week 1138:1175 It was found that the FE profile of the plywood behaved following a duple exponential law within 12 week. 25855565 6 6 theme long 1024:1027 arg1 period 1039:1044 both short (3h) and long (12 week) period 1004:1044 both short (3h) and long (12 week) period 1004:1044 The bonding strength (BS) and the FE of the bonded plywood in both short (3h) and long (12 week) period were evaluated in detail. 25855565 9 7 theme adhesives 1526:1534 arg1 BS 1516:1517 the BS 1512:1517 the BS of the adhesives 1512:1534 The slow released urea would continuously suppress the emission of toxic formaldehyde in a sustained manner without obviously deteriorating on the BS of the adhesives. 25855565 6 8 dep short 1009:1013 arg1 3h 1016:1017 3h 1016:1017 3h 1016:1017 The bonding strength (BS) and the FE of the bonded plywood in both short (3h) and long (12 week) period were evaluated in detail. 25855565 8 9 theme plywood 1251:1257 arg1 FE 1241:1242 the FE 1237:1242 the FE of the plywood 1237:1257 The addition of UC in the adhesive can effectively depress the FE of the plywood not only in a short period after preparation but also in a long-term period during its practical application. 25855565 4 10 theme capsule 599:605 arg1 characterizations 574:590 The characterizations 570:590 The characterizations of the capsule (UC) 570:610 The characterizations of the capsule (UC) were performed including the morphologies, the yields, the loading efficiency as well as its sustained-release of urea in aqueous conditions. 25855565 4 11 theme urea 726:729 arg1 efficiency 679:688 the loading efficiency 667:688 the loading efficiency 667:688 The characterizations of the capsule (UC) were performed including the morphologies, the yields, the loading efficiency as well as its sustained-release of urea in aqueous conditions. 25855565 4 11 theme urea 726:729 arg1 morphologies 641:652 the morphologies 637:652 the morphologies 637:652 The characterizations of the capsule (UC) were performed including the morphologies, the yields, the loading efficiency as well as its sustained-release of urea in aqueous conditions. 25855565 4 11 theme urea 726:729 arg1 yields 659:664 the yields 655:664 the yields 655:664 The characterizations of the capsule (UC) were performed including the morphologies, the yields, the loading efficiency as well as its sustained-release of urea in aqueous conditions. 25855565 4 11 theme urea 726:729 arg1 sustained-release 705:721 its sustained-release 701:721 the morphologies, the yields, the loading efficiency as well as its sustained-release of urea in aqueous conditions 637:751 The characterizations of the capsule (UC) were performed including the morphologies, the yields, the loading efficiency as well as its sustained-release of urea in aqueous conditions. 25855565 8 12 from addition 1182:1189 arg1 adhesive 1204:1211 adhesive 1204:1211 adhesive 1204:1211 The addition of UC in the adhesive can effectively depress the FE of the plywood not only in a short period after preparation but also in a long-term period during its practical application. 25855565 3 13 theme intra-liquid 537:548 arg1 method 562:567 an intra-liquid desiccation method 534:567 an intra-liquid desiccation method 534:567 In this work, a new kind of long-term effective formaldehyde scavenger in the microcapsule form was prepared by using an intra-liquid desiccation method. 25855565 3 14 theme scavenger 477:485 arg1 kind 436:439 a new kind 430:439 a new kind of long-term effective formaldehyde scavenger in the microcapsule form 430:510 In this work, a new kind of long-term effective formaldehyde scavenger in the microcapsule form was prepared by using an intra-liquid desiccation method. 25855565 0 15 from preparation 50:60 arg1 adhesives 103:111 urea-formaldehyde adhesives 85:111 urea-formaldehyde adhesives 85:111 The microcapsule-type formaldehyde scavenger: the preparation and the application in urea-formaldehyde adhesives. 25855565 5 16 theme physical 828:835 arg1 blending 837:844 simply physical blending 821:844 simply physical blending 821:844 The prepared UC could be integrated in urea-formaldehyde resins by simply physical blending, and the mixtures were available to be applied as the adhesives for the manufacture of plywood. 25855565 3 17 theme effective 454:462 arg1 scavenger 477:485 long-term effective formaldehyde scavenger 444:485 long-term effective formaldehyde scavenger 444:485 In this work, a new kind of long-term effective formaldehyde scavenger in the microcapsule form was prepared by using an intra-liquid desiccation method. 25855565 2 18 theme wood 401:404 arg1 products 406:413 the wood products 397:413 the wood products 397:413 The widely used formaldehyde-based adhesives are one of the main sources of FE from the wood products. 25855565 7 19 theme FE 1094:1095 arg1 profile 1097:1103 the FE profile 1090:1103 the FE profile of the plywood 1090:1118 It was found that the FE profile of the plywood behaved following a duple exponential law within 12 week. 25855565 6 20 theme bonding 946:952 arg1 BS 964:965 BS 964:965 BS 964:965 The bonding strength (BS) and the FE of the bonded plywood in both short (3h) and long (12 week) period were evaluated in detail. 25855565 6 20 theme bonding 946:952 arg1 strength 954:961 The bonding strength 942:961 The bonding strength (BS) 942:966 The bonding strength (BS) and the FE of the bonded plywood in both short (3h) and long (12 week) period were evaluated in detail. 25855565 6 21 from plywood 993:999 arg1 period 1039:1044 both short (3h) and long (12 week) period 1004:1044 both short (3h) and long (12 week) period 1004:1044 The bonding strength (BS) and the FE of the bonded plywood in both short (3h) and long (12 week) period were evaluated in detail. 25855565 3 22 theme new 432:434 arg1 kind 436:439 a new kind 430:439 a new kind of long-term effective formaldehyde scavenger in the microcapsule form 430:510 In this work, a new kind of long-term effective formaldehyde scavenger in the microcapsule form was prepared by using an intra-liquid desiccation method. 25855565 0 23 theme microcapsule-type 4:20 arg1 scavenger 35:43 The microcapsule-type formaldehyde scavenger 0:43 The microcapsule-type formaldehyde scavenger: the preparation and the application in urea-formaldehyde adhesives. 0:112 The microcapsule-type formaldehyde scavenger: the preparation and the application in urea-formaldehyde adhesives. 25855565 7 24 theme plywood 1112:1118 arg1 profile 1097:1103 the FE profile 1090:1103 the FE profile of the plywood 1090:1118 It was found that the FE profile of the plywood behaved following a duple exponential law within 12 week. 25855565 2 25 theme formaldehyde-based 329:346 arg1 one 362:364 one 362:364 one 362:364 The widely used formaldehyde-based adhesives are one of the main sources of FE from the wood products. 25855565 2 25 theme formaldehyde-based 329:346 arg1 adhesives 348:356 The widely used formaldehyde-based adhesives 313:356 The widely used formaldehyde-based adhesives 313:356 The widely used formaldehyde-based adhesives are one of the main sources of FE from the wood products. 25855565 2 25 theme formaldehyde-based 329:346 arg1 sources 378:384 the main sources 369:384 the main sources of FE from the wood products 369:413 The widely used formaldehyde-based adhesives are one of the main sources of FE from the wood products. 25855565 1 26 theme great 185:189 arg1 importance 191:200 great importance 185:200 great importance in wood-based materials such as plywood and particle board manufactured for building and furnishing materials 185:310 The limitation and regulation of formaldehyde emissions (FE) now shows great importance in wood-based materials such as plywood and particle board manufactured for building and furnishing materials. 25855565 5 27 theme urea-formaldehyde 793:809 arg1 resins 811:816 urea-formaldehyde resins 793:816 urea-formaldehyde resins by simply physical blending 793:844 The prepared UC could be integrated in urea-formaldehyde resins by simply physical blending, and the mixtures were available to be applied as the adhesives for the manufacture of plywood. 25855565 2 28 theme used 324:327 arg1 one 362:364 one 362:364 one 362:364 The widely used formaldehyde-based adhesives are one of the main sources of FE from the wood products. 25855565 2 28 theme used 324:327 arg1 adhesives 348:356 The widely used formaldehyde-based adhesives 313:356 The widely used formaldehyde-based adhesives 313:356 The widely used formaldehyde-based adhesives are one of the main sources of FE from the wood products. 25855565 2 28 theme used 324:327 arg1 sources 378:384 the main sources 369:384 the main sources of FE from the wood products 369:413 The widely used formaldehyde-based adhesives are one of the main sources of FE from the wood products. 25855565 4 29 from morphologies 641:652 arg1 conditions 742:751 aqueous conditions 734:751 aqueous conditions 734:751 The characterizations of the capsule (UC) were performed including the morphologies, the yields, the loading efficiency as well as its sustained-release of urea in aqueous conditions. 25855565 2 30 theme FE 389:390 arg1 sources 378:384 the main sources 369:384 the main sources of FE from the wood products 369:413 The widely used formaldehyde-based adhesives are one of the main sources of FE from the wood products. 25855565 1 31 theme furnishing 291:300 arg1 materials 302:310 furnishing materials 291:310 furnishing materials 291:310 The limitation and regulation of formaldehyde emissions (FE) now shows great importance in wood-based materials such as plywood and particle board manufactured for building and furnishing materials. 25855565 2 32 from sources 378:384 arg1 products 406:413 the wood products 397:413 the wood products 397:413 The widely used formaldehyde-based adhesives are one of the main sources of FE from the wood products. 25855565 3 33 theme desiccation 550:560 arg1 method 562:567 an intra-liquid desiccation method 534:567 an intra-liquid desiccation method 534:567 In this work, a new kind of long-term effective formaldehyde scavenger in the microcapsule form was prepared by using an intra-liquid desiccation method. 25855565 9 34 theme sustained 1460:1468 arg1 manner 1470:1475 a sustained manner 1458:1475 a sustained manner 1458:1475 The slow released urea would continuously suppress the emission of toxic formaldehyde in a sustained manner without obviously deteriorating on the BS of the adhesives. 25855565 3 35 theme long-term 444:452 arg1 scavenger 477:485 long-term effective formaldehyde scavenger 444:485 long-term effective formaldehyde scavenger 444:485 In this work, a new kind of long-term effective formaldehyde scavenger in the microcapsule form was prepared by using an intra-liquid desiccation method. 25855565 1 36 from importance 191:200 arg1 materials 216:224 wood-based materials 205:224 wood-based materials such as plywood and particle board manufactured for building and furnishing materials 205:310 The limitation and regulation of formaldehyde emissions (FE) now shows great importance in wood-based materials such as plywood and particle board manufactured for building and furnishing materials. 25855565 1 36 from importance 191:200 arg1 plywood 234:240 plywood 234:240 plywood 234:240 The limitation and regulation of formaldehyde emissions (FE) now shows great importance in wood-based materials such as plywood and particle board manufactured for building and furnishing materials. 25855565 1 36 from importance 191:200 arg1 board 255:259 particle board 246:259 particle board 246:259 The limitation and regulation of formaldehyde emissions (FE) now shows great importance in wood-based materials such as plywood and particle board manufactured for building and furnishing materials. 25855565 5 37 theme plywood 933:939 arg1 manufacture 918:928 the manufacture 914:928 the manufacture of plywood 914:939 The prepared UC could be integrated in urea-formaldehyde resins by simply physical blending, and the mixtures were available to be applied as the adhesives for the manufacture of plywood. 25855565 1 38 theme wood-based 205:214 arg1 materials 216:224 wood-based materials 205:224 wood-based materials such as plywood and particle board manufactured for building and furnishing materials 205:310 The limitation and regulation of formaldehyde emissions (FE) now shows great importance in wood-based materials such as plywood and particle board manufactured for building and furnishing materials. 25855565 1 38 theme wood-based 205:214 arg1 plywood 234:240 plywood 234:240 plywood 234:240 The limitation and regulation of formaldehyde emissions (FE) now shows great importance in wood-based materials such as plywood and particle board manufactured for building and furnishing materials. 25855565 1 38 theme wood-based 205:214 arg1 board 255:259 particle board 246:259 particle board 246:259 The limitation and regulation of formaldehyde emissions (FE) now shows great importance in wood-based materials such as plywood and particle board manufactured for building and furnishing materials. 25855565 3 39 theme microcapsule 494:505 arg1 form 507:510 the microcapsule form 490:510 the microcapsule form 490:510 In this work, a new kind of long-term effective formaldehyde scavenger in the microcapsule form was prepared by using an intra-liquid desiccation method. 25855565 9 40 theme toxic 1436:1440 arg1 formaldehyde 1442:1453 toxic formaldehyde 1436:1453 toxic formaldehyde 1436:1453 The slow released urea would continuously suppress the emission of toxic formaldehyde in a sustained manner without obviously deteriorating on the BS of the adhesives. 25855565 6 41 from strength 954:961 arg1 period 1039:1044 both short (3h) and long (12 week) period 1004:1044 both short (3h) and long (12 week) period 1004:1044 The bonding strength (BS) and the FE of the bonded plywood in both short (3h) and long (12 week) period were evaluated in detail. 25855565 7 42 theme exponential 1146:1156 arg1 law 1158:1160 a duple exponential law 1138:1160 a duple exponential law within 12 week 1138:1175 It was found that the FE profile of the plywood behaved following a duple exponential law within 12 week. 25855565 6 43 dep long 1024:1027 arg1 week 1033:1036 12 week 1030:1036 12 week 1030:1036 The bonding strength (BS) and the FE of the bonded plywood in both short (3h) and long (12 week) period were evaluated in detail. 25855565 6 44 theme short 1009:1013 arg1 period 1039:1044 both short (3h) and long (12 week) period 1004:1044 both short (3h) and long (12 week) period 1004:1044 The bonding strength (BS) and the FE of the bonded plywood in both short (3h) and long (12 week) period were evaluated in detail. 25855565 6 45 theme plywood 993:999 arg1 FE 976:977 the FE 972:977 the FE of the bonded plywood in both short (3h) and long (12 week) period 972:1044 The bonding strength (BS) and the FE of the bonded plywood in both short (3h) and long (12 week) period were evaluated in detail. 25855565 6 45 theme plywood 993:999 arg1 BS 964:965 BS 964:965 BS 964:965 The bonding strength (BS) and the FE of the bonded plywood in both short (3h) and long (12 week) period were evaluated in detail. 25855565 6 45 theme plywood 993:999 arg1 strength 954:961 The bonding strength 942:961 The bonding strength (BS) 942:966 The bonding strength (BS) and the FE of the bonded plywood in both short (3h) and long (12 week) period were evaluated in detail. 25855565 4 46 theme loading 671:677 arg1 efficiency 679:688 the loading efficiency 667:688 the loading efficiency 667:688 The characterizations of the capsule (UC) were performed including the morphologies, the yields, the loading efficiency as well as its sustained-release of urea in aqueous conditions. 25855565 4 46 theme loading 671:677 arg1 morphologies 641:652 the morphologies 637:652 the morphologies 637:652 The characterizations of the capsule (UC) were performed including the morphologies, the yields, the loading efficiency as well as its sustained-release of urea in aqueous conditions. 25855565 0 47 from application 70:80 arg1 adhesives 103:111 urea-formaldehyde adhesives 85:111 urea-formaldehyde adhesives 85:111 The microcapsule-type formaldehyde scavenger: the preparation and the application in urea-formaldehyde adhesives. 25855565 3 48 from kind 436:439 arg1 form 507:510 the microcapsule form 490:510 the microcapsule form 490:510 In this work, a new kind of long-term effective formaldehyde scavenger in the microcapsule form was prepared by using an intra-liquid desiccation method. 25855565 6 49 theme bonded 986:991 arg1 plywood 993:999 the bonded plywood 982:999 the bonded plywood in both short (3h) and long (12 week) period 982:1044 The bonding strength (BS) and the FE of the bonded plywood in both short (3h) and long (12 week) period were evaluated in detail. 25855565 1 50 dep limitation 118:127 arg1 The 114:116 The 114:116 The 114:116 The limitation and regulation of formaldehyde emissions (FE) now shows great importance in wood-based materials such as plywood and particle board manufactured for building and furnishing materials. 25855565 8 51 theme short 1273:1277 arg1 period 1279:1284 a short period 1271:1284 a short period after preparation 1271:1302 The addition of UC in the adhesive can effectively depress the FE of the plywood not only in a short period after preparation but also in a long-term period during its practical application. 25855565 9 52 theme slow 1373:1376 arg1 urea 1387:1390 The slow released urea 1369:1390 The slow released urea 1369:1390 The slow released urea would continuously suppress the emission of toxic formaldehyde in a sustained manner without obviously deteriorating on the BS of the adhesives. 25855565 9 53 theme released 1378:1385 arg1 urea 1387:1390 The slow released urea 1369:1390 The slow released urea 1369:1390 The slow released urea would continuously suppress the emission of toxic formaldehyde in a sustained manner without obviously deteriorating on the BS of the adhesives. 25855565 8 54 theme long-term 1318:1326 arg1 period 1328:1333 a long-term period 1316:1333 a long-term period during its practical application 1316:1366 The addition of UC in the adhesive can effectively depress the FE of the plywood not only in a short period after preparation but also in a long-term period during its practical application. 25855565 4 55 from sustained-release 705:721 arg1 conditions 742:751 aqueous conditions 734:751 aqueous conditions 734:751 The characterizations of the capsule (UC) were performed including the morphologies, the yields, the loading efficiency as well as its sustained-release of urea in aqueous conditions. 25855565 0 56 dep scavenger 35:43 arg1 preparation 50:60 the preparation 46:60 the preparation 46:60 The microcapsule-type formaldehyde scavenger: the preparation and the application in urea-formaldehyde adhesives. 25855565 0 56 dep scavenger 35:43 arg1 application 70:80 the application 66:80 the application 66:80 The microcapsule-type formaldehyde scavenger: the preparation and the application in urea-formaldehyde adhesives. 25855565 6 57 from period 1039:1044 arg1 FE 976:977 the FE 972:977 the FE of the bonded plywood in both short (3h) and long (12 week) period 972:1044 The bonding strength (BS) and the FE of the bonded plywood in both short (3h) and long (12 week) period were evaluated in detail. 25855565 6 57 from period 1039:1044 arg1 BS 964:965 BS 964:965 BS 964:965 The bonding strength (BS) and the FE of the bonded plywood in both short (3h) and long (12 week) period were evaluated in detail. 25855565 6 57 from period 1039:1044 arg1 strength 954:961 The bonding strength 942:961 The bonding strength (BS) 942:966 The bonding strength (BS) and the FE of the bonded plywood in both short (3h) and long (12 week) period were evaluated in detail. 25855565 3 58 theme formaldehyde 464:475 arg1 scavenger 477:485 long-term effective formaldehyde scavenger 444:485 long-term effective formaldehyde scavenger 444:485 In this work, a new kind of long-term effective formaldehyde scavenger in the microcapsule form was prepared by using an intra-liquid desiccation method. 25855565 4 59 theme aqueous 734:740 arg1 conditions 742:751 aqueous conditions 734:751 aqueous conditions 734:751 The characterizations of the capsule (UC) were performed including the morphologies, the yields, the loading efficiency as well as its sustained-release of urea in aqueous conditions. 25855565 8 60 theme practical 1346:1354 arg1 application 1356:1366 its practical application 1342:1366 its practical application 1342:1366 The addition of UC in the adhesive can effectively depress the FE of the plywood not only in a short period after preparation but also in a long-term period during its practical application. 25855565 1 61 theme formaldehyde 147:158 arg1 FE 171:172 FE 171:172 FE 171:172 The limitation and regulation of formaldehyde emissions (FE) now shows great importance in wood-based materials such as plywood and particle board manufactured for building and furnishing materials. 25855565 1 61 theme formaldehyde 147:158 arg1 emissions 160:168 formaldehyde emissions 147:168 formaldehyde emissions (FE) 147:173 The limitation and regulation of formaldehyde emissions (FE) now shows great importance in wood-based materials such as plywood and particle board manufactured for building and furnishing materials. 25855565 8 62 theme UC 1194:1195 arg1 addition 1182:1189 The addition 1178:1189 The addition of UC in the adhesive 1178:1211 The addition of UC in the adhesive can effectively depress the FE of the plywood not only in a short period after preparation but also in a long-term period during its practical application. 25855565 2 63 from products 406:413 arg1 FE 389:390 FE 389:390 FE from the wood products 389:413 The widely used formaldehyde-based adhesives are one of the main sources of FE from the wood products. 25855565 2 63 from products 406:413 arg1 sources 378:384 the main sources 369:384 the main sources of FE from the wood products 369:413 The widely used formaldehyde-based adhesives are one of the main sources of FE from the wood products. 25855565 1 64 theme emissions 160:168 arg1 regulation 133:142 regulation 133:142 regulation 133:142 The limitation and regulation of formaldehyde emissions (FE) now shows great importance in wood-based materials such as plywood and particle board manufactured for building and furnishing materials. 25855565 1 64 theme emissions 160:168 arg1 limitation 118:127 limitation 118:127 limitation 118:127 The limitation and regulation of formaldehyde emissions (FE) now shows great importance in wood-based materials such as plywood and particle board manufactured for building and furnishing materials. 25855565 0 65 theme formaldehyde 22:33 arg1 scavenger 35:43 The microcapsule-type formaldehyde scavenger 0:43 The microcapsule-type formaldehyde scavenger: the preparation and the application in urea-formaldehyde adhesives. 0:112 The microcapsule-type formaldehyde scavenger: the preparation and the application in urea-formaldehyde adhesives. 25855565 2 66 theme sources 378:384 arg1 one 362:364 one 362:364 one 362:364 The widely used formaldehyde-based adhesives are one of the main sources of FE from the wood products. 25855565 2 66 theme sources 378:384 arg1 adhesives 348:356 The widely used formaldehyde-based adhesives 313:356 The widely used formaldehyde-based adhesives 313:356 The widely used formaldehyde-based adhesives are one of the main sources of FE from the wood products. 25855565 2 66 theme sources 378:384 arg1 sources 378:384 the main sources 369:384 the main sources of FE from the wood products 369:413 The widely used formaldehyde-based adhesives are one of the main sources of FE from the wood products. 25855565 1 67 theme particle 246:253 arg1 board 255:259 particle board 246:259 particle board 246:259 The limitation and regulation of formaldehyde emissions (FE) now shows great importance in wood-based materials such as plywood and particle board manufactured for building and furnishing materials. 26700231 4 0 theme composites 917:926 arg1 behavior 883:890 the behavior 879:890 the behavior of SNCs and IPN hydrogel composites 879:926 A strong difference in the behavior of SNCs and IPN hydrogel composites was found during the loading and release of lysozyme (LYS) used as macromolecular drug model. 26700231 2 1 theme acryl 375:379 arg1 network 436:442 1st network 432:442 1st network 432:442 Macroporous hydrogels, consisting of methacrylic acid (MAA) and either acryl amide (AAm) or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) (1st network), were prepared for this purpose by cryogelation (single network cryogels, SNCs). 26700231 2 1 theme acryl 375:379 arg1 AAm 388:390 AAm 388:390 AAm 388:390 Macroporous hydrogels, consisting of methacrylic acid (MAA) and either acryl amide (AAm) or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) (1st network), were prepared for this purpose by cryogelation (single network cryogels, SNCs). 26700231 2 1 theme acryl 375:379 arg1 amide 381:385 either acryl amide 368:385 either acryl amide (AAm) 368:391 Macroporous hydrogels, consisting of methacrylic acid (MAA) and either acryl amide (AAm) or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) (1st network), were prepared for this purpose by cryogelation (single network cryogels, SNCs). 26700231 4 2 theme lysozyme 972:979 arg1 release 961:967 release 961:967 release 961:967 A strong difference in the behavior of SNCs and IPN hydrogel composites was found during the loading and release of lysozyme (LYS) used as macromolecular drug model. 26700231 4 2 theme lysozyme 972:979 arg1 loading 949:955 loading 949:955 loading 949:955 A strong difference in the behavior of SNCs and IPN hydrogel composites was found during the loading and release of lysozyme (LYS) used as macromolecular drug model. 26700231 3 3 from sorption 774:781 arg1 network 821:827 the 1st network 813:827 the 1st network followed by cross-linking 813:853 Macroporous interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel composites were then prepared by a sequential strategy, the 2nd network consisting of chitosan (CS) cross-linked with poly(ethyleneglycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) being generated by the sorption of a CS and PEGDGE mixture in the 1st network followed by cross-linking. 26700231 6 4 theme CS 1413:1414 arg1 presence 1401:1408 the presence 1397:1408 the presence of CS 1397:1414 The 2nd network led to the decrease of the pore size of the IPNs, mainly when the initial concentration of monomers was 10wt/v%, but the presence of CS facilitates the LYS release from IPNs, mainly at a concentration of monomer of 5wt/v%, and when HEMA was used as nonionic comonomer. 26700231 0 5 theme in 102:103 arg1 assessment 111:120 in vitro assessment 102:120 in vitro assessment of lysozyme controlled delivery 102:152 Designing novel macroporous composite hydrogels based on methacrylic acid copolymers and chitosan and in vitro assessment of lysozyme controlled delivery. 26700231 6 6 theme monomer 1484:1490 arg1 concentration 1467:1479 a concentration 1465:1479 a concentration of monomer of 5wt/v% 1465:1500 The 2nd network led to the decrease of the pore size of the IPNs, mainly when the initial concentration of monomers was 10wt/v%, but the presence of CS facilitates the LYS release from IPNs, mainly at a concentration of monomer of 5wt/v%, and when HEMA was used as nonionic comonomer. 26700231 5 7 from SNCs 1132:1135 arg1 release 1112:1118 the release 1108:1118 the release of LYS from SNCs 1108:1135 Thus, while the amount of LYS loaded on SNCs was higher than that loaded on the IPNs, the release of LYS from SNCs occurred at pH 2, when the ratio between MAA and AAm was 50:50, and only at pH 1 when the ratio between MAA and AAm was 70:30. 26700231 1 8 theme macromolecular 282:295 arg1 drugs 297:301 macromolecular drugs 282:301 macromolecular drugs 282:301 Designing structure and morphology of macroporous hydrogels is crucial for their applications in controlled release systems of macromolecular drugs. 26700231 2 9 theme network 501:507 arg1 SNCs 519:522 SNCs 519:522 SNCs 519:522 Macroporous hydrogels, consisting of methacrylic acid (MAA) and either acryl amide (AAm) or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) (1st network), were prepared for this purpose by cryogelation (single network cryogels, SNCs). 26700231 2 9 theme network 501:507 arg1 cryogels 509:516 single network cryogels 494:516 single network cryogels 494:516 Macroporous hydrogels, consisting of methacrylic acid (MAA) and either acryl amide (AAm) or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) (1st network), were prepared for this purpose by cryogelation (single network cryogels, SNCs). 26700231 6 10 theme monomers 1371:1378 arg1 % 1390:1390 10wt/v% 1384:1390 10wt/v% 1384:1390 The 2nd network led to the decrease of the pore size of the IPNs, mainly when the initial concentration of monomers was 10wt/v%, but the presence of CS facilitates the LYS release from IPNs, mainly at a concentration of monomer of 5wt/v%, and when HEMA was used as nonionic comonomer. 26700231 6 10 theme monomers 1371:1378 arg1 concentration 1354:1366 the initial concentration 1342:1366 the initial concentration of monomers 1342:1378 The 2nd network led to the decrease of the pore size of the IPNs, mainly when the initial concentration of monomers was 10wt/v%, but the presence of CS facilitates the LYS release from IPNs, mainly at a concentration of monomer of 5wt/v%, and when HEMA was used as nonionic comonomer. 26700231 1 11 theme drugs 297:301 arg1 systems 271:277 controlled release systems 252:277 controlled release systems of macromolecular drugs 252:301 Designing structure and morphology of macroporous hydrogels is crucial for their applications in controlled release systems of macromolecular drugs. 26700231 2 12 theme single 494:499 arg1 SNCs 519:522 SNCs 519:522 SNCs 519:522 Macroporous hydrogels, consisting of methacrylic acid (MAA) and either acryl amide (AAm) or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) (1st network), were prepared for this purpose by cryogelation (single network cryogels, SNCs). 26700231 2 12 theme single 494:499 arg1 cryogels 509:516 single network cryogels 494:516 single network cryogels 494:516 Macroporous hydrogels, consisting of methacrylic acid (MAA) and either acryl amide (AAm) or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) (1st network), were prepared for this purpose by cryogelation (single network cryogels, SNCs). 26700231 6 13 theme 2nd 1268:1270 arg1 network 1272:1278 The 2nd network 1264:1278 The 2nd network 1264:1278 The 2nd network led to the decrease of the pore size of the IPNs, mainly when the initial concentration of monomers was 10wt/v%, but the presence of CS facilitates the LYS release from IPNs, mainly at a concentration of monomer of 5wt/v%, and when HEMA was used as nonionic comonomer. 26700231 0 14 dep in 102:103 arg1 vitro 105:109 vitro 105:109 vitro 105:109 Designing novel macroporous composite hydrogels based on methacrylic acid copolymers and chitosan and in vitro assessment of lysozyme controlled delivery. 26700231 4 15 theme drug 1010:1013 arg1 model 1015:1019 macromolecular drug model 995:1019 macromolecular drug model 995:1019 A strong difference in the behavior of SNCs and IPN hydrogel composites was found during the loading and release of lysozyme (LYS) used as macromolecular drug model. 26700231 2 16 theme 2-hydroxyethyl 396:409 arg1 HEMA 425:428 HEMA 425:428 HEMA 425:428 Macroporous hydrogels, consisting of methacrylic acid (MAA) and either acryl amide (AAm) or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) (1st network), were prepared for this purpose by cryogelation (single network cryogels, SNCs). 26700231 2 16 theme 2-hydroxyethyl 396:409 arg1 methacrylate 411:422 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate 396:422 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) 396:429 Macroporous hydrogels, consisting of methacrylic acid (MAA) and either acryl amide (AAm) or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) (1st network), were prepared for this purpose by cryogelation (single network cryogels, SNCs). 26700231 4 17 theme SNCs 895:898 arg1 behavior 883:890 the behavior 879:890 the behavior of SNCs and IPN hydrogel composites 879:926 A strong difference in the behavior of SNCs and IPN hydrogel composites was found during the loading and release of lysozyme (LYS) used as macromolecular drug model. 26700231 0 18 theme novel 10:14 arg1 hydrogels 38:46 novel macroporous composite hydrogels 10:46 novel macroporous composite hydrogels based on methacrylic acid copolymers and chitosan and in vitro assessment of lysozyme controlled delivery 10:152 Designing novel macroporous composite hydrogels based on methacrylic acid copolymers and chitosan and in vitro assessment of lysozyme controlled delivery. 26700231 4 19 theme hydrogel 908:915 arg1 composites 917:926 IPN hydrogel composites 904:926 IPN hydrogel composites 904:926 A strong difference in the behavior of SNCs and IPN hydrogel composites was found during the loading and release of lysozyme (LYS) used as macromolecular drug model. 26700231 6 20 theme nonionic 1529:1536 arg1 comonomer 1538:1546 nonionic comonomer 1529:1546 nonionic comonomer 1529:1546 The 2nd network led to the decrease of the pore size of the IPNs, mainly when the initial concentration of monomers was 10wt/v%, but the presence of CS facilitates the LYS release from IPNs, mainly at a concentration of monomer of 5wt/v%, and when HEMA was used as nonionic comonomer. 26700231 6 20 theme nonionic 1529:1536 arg1 HEMA 1512:1515 HEMA 1512:1515 HEMA 1512:1515 The 2nd network led to the decrease of the pore size of the IPNs, mainly when the initial concentration of monomers was 10wt/v%, but the presence of CS facilitates the LYS release from IPNs, mainly at a concentration of monomer of 5wt/v%, and when HEMA was used as nonionic comonomer. 26700231 3 21 theme polymer 555:561 arg1 composites 586:595 Macroporous interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel composites 526:595 Macroporous interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel composites 526:595 Macroporous interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel composites were then prepared by a sequential strategy, the 2nd network consisting of chitosan (CS) cross-linked with poly(ethyleneglycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) being generated by the sorption of a CS and PEGDGE mixture in the 1st network followed by cross-linking. 26700231 6 22 used used 1521:1524 arg2 comonomer 1538:1546 nonionic comonomer 1529:1546 nonionic comonomer 1529:1546 The 2nd network led to the decrease of the pore size of the IPNs, mainly when the initial concentration of monomers was 10wt/v%, but the presence of CS facilitates the LYS release from IPNs, mainly at a concentration of monomer of 5wt/v%, and when HEMA was used as nonionic comonomer. 26700231 6 22 used used 1521:1524 arg2 HEMA 1512:1515 HEMA 1512:1515 HEMA 1512:1515 The 2nd network led to the decrease of the pore size of the IPNs, mainly when the initial concentration of monomers was 10wt/v%, but the presence of CS facilitates the LYS release from IPNs, mainly at a concentration of monomer of 5wt/v%, and when HEMA was used as nonionic comonomer. 26700231 1 23 theme macroporous 193:203 arg1 hydrogels 205:213 macroporous hydrogels 193:213 macroporous hydrogels 193:213 Designing structure and morphology of macroporous hydrogels is crucial for their applications in controlled release systems of macromolecular drugs. 26700231 3 24 theme ethyleneglycol 709:722 arg1 ether 736:740 poly(ethyleneglycol) diglycidyl ether 704:740 poly(ethyleneglycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) 704:749 Macroporous interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel composites were then prepared by a sequential strategy, the 2nd network consisting of chitosan (CS) cross-linked with poly(ethyleneglycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) being generated by the sorption of a CS and PEGDGE mixture in the 1st network followed by cross-linking. 26700231 3 24 theme ethyleneglycol 709:722 arg1 PEGDGE 743:748 PEGDGE 743:748 PEGDGE 743:748 Macroporous interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel composites were then prepared by a sequential strategy, the 2nd network consisting of chitosan (CS) cross-linked with poly(ethyleneglycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) being generated by the sorption of a CS and PEGDGE mixture in the 1st network followed by cross-linking. 26700231 4 25 dep loading 949:955 arg1 the 945:947 the 945:947 the 945:947 A strong difference in the behavior of SNCs and IPN hydrogel composites was found during the loading and release of lysozyme (LYS) used as macromolecular drug model. 26700231 2 26 theme methacrylic 341:351 arg1 MAA 359:361 MAA 359:361 MAA 359:361 Macroporous hydrogels, consisting of methacrylic acid (MAA) and either acryl amide (AAm) or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) (1st network), were prepared for this purpose by cryogelation (single network cryogels, SNCs). 26700231 2 26 theme methacrylic 341:351 arg1 acid 353:356 methacrylic acid 341:356 methacrylic acid (MAA) 341:362 Macroporous hydrogels, consisting of methacrylic acid (MAA) and either acryl amide (AAm) or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) (1st network), were prepared for this purpose by cryogelation (single network cryogels, SNCs). 26700231 6 27 theme size 1312:1315 arg1 decrease 1291:1298 the decrease 1287:1298 the decrease of the pore size of the IPNs, mainly 1287:1335 The 2nd network led to the decrease of the pore size of the IPNs, mainly when the initial concentration of monomers was 10wt/v%, but the presence of CS facilitates the LYS release from IPNs, mainly at a concentration of monomer of 5wt/v%, and when HEMA was used as nonionic comonomer. 26700231 1 28 theme hydrogels 205:213 arg1 morphology 179:188 morphology 179:188 morphology 179:188 Designing structure and morphology of macroporous hydrogels is crucial for their applications in controlled release systems of macromolecular drugs. 26700231 1 28 theme hydrogels 205:213 arg1 structure 165:173 structure 165:173 structure 165:173 Designing structure and morphology of macroporous hydrogels is crucial for their applications in controlled release systems of macromolecular drugs. 26700231 0 29 theme composite 28:36 arg1 hydrogels 38:46 novel macroporous composite hydrogels 10:46 novel macroporous composite hydrogels based on methacrylic acid copolymers and chitosan and in vitro assessment of lysozyme controlled delivery 10:152 Designing novel macroporous composite hydrogels based on methacrylic acid copolymers and chitosan and in vitro assessment of lysozyme controlled delivery. 26700231 0 30 theme lysozyme 125:132 arg1 delivery 145:152 lysozyme controlled delivery 125:152 lysozyme controlled delivery 125:152 Designing novel macroporous composite hydrogels based on methacrylic acid copolymers and chitosan and in vitro assessment of lysozyme controlled delivery. 26700231 3 31 theme Macroporous 526:536 arg1 composites 586:595 Macroporous interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel composites 526:595 Macroporous interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel composites 526:595 Macroporous interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel composites were then prepared by a sequential strategy, the 2nd network consisting of chitosan (CS) cross-linked with poly(ethyleneglycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) being generated by the sorption of a CS and PEGDGE mixture in the 1st network followed by cross-linking. 26700231 6 32 theme pore 1307:1310 arg1 size 1312:1315 the pore size 1303:1315 the pore size of the IPNs, mainly 1303:1335 The 2nd network led to the decrease of the pore size of the IPNs, mainly when the initial concentration of monomers was 10wt/v%, but the presence of CS facilitates the LYS release from IPNs, mainly at a concentration of monomer of 5wt/v%, and when HEMA was used as nonionic comonomer. 26700231 0 33 theme macroporous 16:26 arg1 hydrogels 38:46 novel macroporous composite hydrogels 10:46 novel macroporous composite hydrogels based on methacrylic acid copolymers and chitosan and in vitro assessment of lysozyme controlled delivery 10:152 Designing novel macroporous composite hydrogels based on methacrylic acid copolymers and chitosan and in vitro assessment of lysozyme controlled delivery. 26700231 3 34 theme poly 704:707 arg1 ether 736:740 poly(ethyleneglycol) diglycidyl ether 704:740 poly(ethyleneglycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) 704:749 Macroporous interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel composites were then prepared by a sequential strategy, the 2nd network consisting of chitosan (CS) cross-linked with poly(ethyleneglycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) being generated by the sorption of a CS and PEGDGE mixture in the 1st network followed by cross-linking. 26700231 3 34 theme poly 704:707 arg1 PEGDGE 743:748 PEGDGE 743:748 PEGDGE 743:748 Macroporous interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel composites were then prepared by a sequential strategy, the 2nd network consisting of chitosan (CS) cross-linked with poly(ethyleneglycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) being generated by the sorption of a CS and PEGDGE mixture in the 1st network followed by cross-linking. 26700231 2 35 theme Macroporous 304:314 arg1 hydrogels 316:324 Macroporous hydrogels 304:324 Macroporous hydrogels 304:324 Macroporous hydrogels, consisting of methacrylic acid (MAA) and either acryl amide (AAm) or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) (1st network), were prepared for this purpose by cryogelation (single network cryogels, SNCs). 26700231 3 36 theme sequential 621:630 arg1 strategy 632:639 a sequential strategy 619:639 a sequential strategy 619:639 Macroporous interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel composites were then prepared by a sequential strategy, the 2nd network consisting of chitosan (CS) cross-linked with poly(ethyleneglycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) being generated by the sorption of a CS and PEGDGE mixture in the 1st network followed by cross-linking. 26700231 3 36 theme sequential 621:630 arg1 network 650:656 the 2nd network 642:656 the 2nd network consisting of chitosan (CS) cross-linked with poly(ethyleneglycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) being generated by the sorption of a CS and PEGDGE mixture in the 1st network followed by cross-linking 642:853 Macroporous interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel composites were then prepared by a sequential strategy, the 2nd network consisting of chitosan (CS) cross-linked with poly(ethyleneglycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) being generated by the sorption of a CS and PEGDGE mixture in the 1st network followed by cross-linking. 26700231 3 37 theme interpenetrating 538:553 arg1 composites 586:595 Macroporous interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel composites 526:595 Macroporous interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel composites 526:595 Macroporous interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel composites were then prepared by a sequential strategy, the 2nd network consisting of chitosan (CS) cross-linked with poly(ethyleneglycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) being generated by the sorption of a CS and PEGDGE mixture in the 1st network followed by cross-linking. 26700231 6 38 theme IPNs 1324:1327 arg1 size 1312:1315 the pore size 1303:1315 the pore size of the IPNs, mainly 1303:1335 The 2nd network led to the decrease of the pore size of the IPNs, mainly when the initial concentration of monomers was 10wt/v%, but the presence of CS facilitates the LYS release from IPNs, mainly at a concentration of monomer of 5wt/v%, and when HEMA was used as nonionic comonomer. 26700231 0 39 theme delivery 145:152 arg1 chitosan 89:96 chitosan 89:96 chitosan 89:96 Designing novel macroporous composite hydrogels based on methacrylic acid copolymers and chitosan and in vitro assessment of lysozyme controlled delivery. 26700231 0 39 theme delivery 145:152 arg1 copolymers 74:83 methacrylic acid copolymers 57:83 methacrylic acid copolymers 57:83 Designing novel macroporous composite hydrogels based on methacrylic acid copolymers and chitosan and in vitro assessment of lysozyme controlled delivery. 26700231 0 39 theme delivery 145:152 arg1 assessment 111:120 in vitro assessment 102:120 in vitro assessment of lysozyme controlled delivery 102:152 Designing novel macroporous composite hydrogels based on methacrylic acid copolymers and chitosan and in vitro assessment of lysozyme controlled delivery. 26700231 4 40 from difference 865:874 arg1 behavior 883:890 the behavior 879:890 the behavior of SNCs and IPN hydrogel composites 879:926 A strong difference in the behavior of SNCs and IPN hydrogel composites was found during the loading and release of lysozyme (LYS) used as macromolecular drug model. 26700231 3 41 theme network 563:569 arg1 composites 586:595 Macroporous interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel composites 526:595 Macroporous interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel composites 526:595 Macroporous interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel composites were then prepared by a sequential strategy, the 2nd network consisting of chitosan (CS) cross-linked with poly(ethyleneglycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) being generated by the sorption of a CS and PEGDGE mixture in the 1st network followed by cross-linking. 26700231 5 42 theme LYS 1048:1050 arg1 higher 1071:1076 higher 1071:1076 higher 1071:1076 Thus, while the amount of LYS loaded on SNCs was higher than that loaded on the IPNs, the release of LYS from SNCs occurred at pH 2, when the ratio between MAA and AAm was 50:50, and only at pH 1 when the ratio between MAA and AAm was 70:30. 26700231 5 42 theme LYS 1048:1050 arg1 LYS 1048:1050 LYS 1048:1050 LYS loaded on SNCs 1048:1065 Thus, while the amount of LYS loaded on SNCs was higher than that loaded on the IPNs, the release of LYS from SNCs occurred at pH 2, when the ratio between MAA and AAm was 50:50, and only at pH 1 when the ratio between MAA and AAm was 70:30. 26700231 5 42 theme LYS 1048:1050 arg1 amount 1038:1043 the amount 1034:1043 the amount of LYS loaded on SNCs 1034:1065 Thus, while the amount of LYS loaded on SNCs was higher than that loaded on the IPNs, the release of LYS from SNCs occurred at pH 2, when the ratio between MAA and AAm was 50:50, and only at pH 1 when the ratio between MAA and AAm was 70:30. 26700231 0 43 theme controlled 134:143 arg1 delivery 145:152 lysozyme controlled delivery 125:152 lysozyme controlled delivery 125:152 Designing novel macroporous composite hydrogels based on methacrylic acid copolymers and chitosan and in vitro assessment of lysozyme controlled delivery. 26700231 2 44 theme 1st 432:434 arg1 network 436:442 1st network 432:442 1st network 432:442 Macroporous hydrogels, consisting of methacrylic acid (MAA) and either acryl amide (AAm) or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) (1st network), were prepared for this purpose by cryogelation (single network cryogels, SNCs). 26700231 2 44 theme 1st 432:434 arg1 amide 381:385 either acryl amide 368:385 either acryl amide (AAm) 368:391 Macroporous hydrogels, consisting of methacrylic acid (MAA) and either acryl amide (AAm) or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) (1st network), were prepared for this purpose by cryogelation (single network cryogels, SNCs). 26700231 0 45 theme methacrylic 57:67 arg1 copolymers 74:83 methacrylic acid copolymers 57:83 methacrylic acid copolymers 57:83 Designing novel macroporous composite hydrogels based on methacrylic acid copolymers and chitosan and in vitro assessment of lysozyme controlled delivery. 26700231 2 46 dep cryogelation 480:491 arg1 SNCs 519:522 SNCs 519:522 SNCs 519:522 Macroporous hydrogels, consisting of methacrylic acid (MAA) and either acryl amide (AAm) or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) (1st network), were prepared for this purpose by cryogelation (single network cryogels, SNCs). 26700231 2 46 dep cryogelation 480:491 arg1 cryogels 509:516 single network cryogels 494:516 single network cryogels 494:516 Macroporous hydrogels, consisting of methacrylic acid (MAA) and either acryl amide (AAm) or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) (1st network), were prepared for this purpose by cryogelation (single network cryogels, SNCs). 26700231 3 47 theme diglycidyl 725:734 arg1 ether 736:740 poly(ethyleneglycol) diglycidyl ether 704:740 poly(ethyleneglycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) 704:749 Macroporous interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel composites were then prepared by a sequential strategy, the 2nd network consisting of chitosan (CS) cross-linked with poly(ethyleneglycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) being generated by the sorption of a CS and PEGDGE mixture in the 1st network followed by cross-linking. 26700231 3 47 theme diglycidyl 725:734 arg1 PEGDGE 743:748 PEGDGE 743:748 PEGDGE 743:748 Macroporous interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel composites were then prepared by a sequential strategy, the 2nd network consisting of chitosan (CS) cross-linked with poly(ethyleneglycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) being generated by the sorption of a CS and PEGDGE mixture in the 1st network followed by cross-linking. 26700231 4 48 theme strong 858:863 arg1 difference 865:874 A strong difference 856:874 A strong difference in the behavior of SNCs and IPN hydrogel composites 856:926 A strong difference in the behavior of SNCs and IPN hydrogel composites was found during the loading and release of lysozyme (LYS) used as macromolecular drug model. 26700231 3 49 theme 2nd 646:648 arg1 strategy 632:639 a sequential strategy 619:639 a sequential strategy 619:639 Macroporous interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel composites were then prepared by a sequential strategy, the 2nd network consisting of chitosan (CS) cross-linked with poly(ethyleneglycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) being generated by the sorption of a CS and PEGDGE mixture in the 1st network followed by cross-linking. 26700231 3 49 theme 2nd 646:648 arg1 network 650:656 the 2nd network 642:656 the 2nd network consisting of chitosan (CS) cross-linked with poly(ethyleneglycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) being generated by the sorption of a CS and PEGDGE mixture in the 1st network followed by cross-linking 642:853 Macroporous interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel composites were then prepared by a sequential strategy, the 2nd network consisting of chitosan (CS) cross-linked with poly(ethyleneglycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) being generated by the sorption of a CS and PEGDGE mixture in the 1st network followed by cross-linking. 26700231 3 50 theme IPN 572:574 arg1 composites 586:595 Macroporous interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel composites 526:595 Macroporous interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel composites 526:595 Macroporous interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel composites were then prepared by a sequential strategy, the 2nd network consisting of chitosan (CS) cross-linked with poly(ethyleneglycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) being generated by the sorption of a CS and PEGDGE mixture in the 1st network followed by cross-linking. 26700231 3 51 theme PEGDGE 795:800 arg1 mixture 802:808 a CS and PEGDGE mixture 786:808 mixture 802:808 Macroporous interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel composites were then prepared by a sequential strategy, the 2nd network consisting of chitosan (CS) cross-linked with poly(ethyleneglycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) being generated by the sorption of a CS and PEGDGE mixture in the 1st network followed by cross-linking. 26700231 1 52 from applications 236:247 arg1 systems 271:277 controlled release systems 252:277 controlled release systems of macromolecular drugs 252:301 Designing structure and morphology of macroporous hydrogels is crucial for their applications in controlled release systems of macromolecular drugs. 26700231 6 53 theme LYS 1432:1434 arg1 release 1436:1442 the LYS release 1428:1442 the LYS release from IPNs 1428:1452 The 2nd network led to the decrease of the pore size of the IPNs, mainly when the initial concentration of monomers was 10wt/v%, but the presence of CS facilitates the LYS release from IPNs, mainly at a concentration of monomer of 5wt/v%, and when HEMA was used as nonionic comonomer. 26700231 3 54 theme hydrogel 577:584 arg1 composites 586:595 Macroporous interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel composites 526:595 Macroporous interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel composites 526:595 Macroporous interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel composites were then prepared by a sequential strategy, the 2nd network consisting of chitosan (CS) cross-linked with poly(ethyleneglycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) being generated by the sorption of a CS and PEGDGE mixture in the 1st network followed by cross-linking. 26700231 3 55 theme mixture 802:808 arg1 sorption 774:781 the sorption 770:781 the sorption of a CS and PEGDGE mixture in the 1st network followed by cross-linking 770:853 Macroporous interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel composites were then prepared by a sequential strategy, the 2nd network consisting of chitosan (CS) cross-linked with poly(ethyleneglycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) being generated by the sorption of a CS and PEGDGE mixture in the 1st network followed by cross-linking. 26700231 6 56 from IPNs 1449:1452 arg1 release 1436:1442 the LYS release 1428:1442 the LYS release from IPNs 1428:1452 The 2nd network led to the decrease of the pore size of the IPNs, mainly when the initial concentration of monomers was 10wt/v%, but the presence of CS facilitates the LYS release from IPNs, mainly at a concentration of monomer of 5wt/v%, and when HEMA was used as nonionic comonomer. 26700231 6 57 theme initial 1346:1352 arg1 % 1390:1390 10wt/v% 1384:1390 10wt/v% 1384:1390 The 2nd network led to the decrease of the pore size of the IPNs, mainly when the initial concentration of monomers was 10wt/v%, but the presence of CS facilitates the LYS release from IPNs, mainly at a concentration of monomer of 5wt/v%, and when HEMA was used as nonionic comonomer. 26700231 6 57 theme initial 1346:1352 arg1 concentration 1354:1366 the initial concentration 1342:1366 the initial concentration of monomers 1342:1378 The 2nd network led to the decrease of the pore size of the IPNs, mainly when the initial concentration of monomers was 10wt/v%, but the presence of CS facilitates the LYS release from IPNs, mainly at a concentration of monomer of 5wt/v%, and when HEMA was used as nonionic comonomer. 26700231 3 58 theme CS 788:789 arg1 mixture 802:808 a CS and PEGDGE mixture 786:808 mixture 802:808 Macroporous interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel composites were then prepared by a sequential strategy, the 2nd network consisting of chitosan (CS) cross-linked with poly(ethyleneglycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) being generated by the sorption of a CS and PEGDGE mixture in the 1st network followed by cross-linking. 26700231 4 59 theme IPN 904:906 arg1 composites 917:926 IPN hydrogel composites 904:926 IPN hydrogel composites 904:926 A strong difference in the behavior of SNCs and IPN hydrogel composites was found during the loading and release of lysozyme (LYS) used as macromolecular drug model. 26700231 5 60 theme LYS 1123:1125 arg1 release 1112:1118 the release 1108:1118 the release of LYS from SNCs 1108:1135 Thus, while the amount of LYS loaded on SNCs was higher than that loaded on the IPNs, the release of LYS from SNCs occurred at pH 2, when the ratio between MAA and AAm was 50:50, and only at pH 1 when the ratio between MAA and AAm was 70:30. 26700231 4 61 theme macromolecular 995:1008 arg1 model 1015:1019 macromolecular drug model 995:1019 macromolecular drug model 995:1019 A strong difference in the behavior of SNCs and IPN hydrogel composites was found during the loading and release of lysozyme (LYS) used as macromolecular drug model. 26700231 1 62 theme controlled 252:261 arg1 systems 271:277 controlled release systems 252:277 controlled release systems of macromolecular drugs 252:301 Designing structure and morphology of macroporous hydrogels is crucial for their applications in controlled release systems of macromolecular drugs. 26700231 0 63 theme acid 69:72 arg1 copolymers 74:83 methacrylic acid copolymers 57:83 methacrylic acid copolymers 57:83 Designing novel macroporous composite hydrogels based on methacrylic acid copolymers and chitosan and in vitro assessment of lysozyme controlled delivery. 26700231 6 64 theme % 1500:1500 arg1 concentration 1467:1479 a concentration 1465:1479 a concentration of monomer of 5wt/v% 1465:1500 The 2nd network led to the decrease of the pore size of the IPNs, mainly when the initial concentration of monomers was 10wt/v%, but the presence of CS facilitates the LYS release from IPNs, mainly at a concentration of monomer of 5wt/v%, and when HEMA was used as nonionic comonomer. 26700231 1 65 theme Designing 155:163 arg1 structure 165:173 structure 165:173 structure 165:173 Designing structure and morphology of macroporous hydrogels is crucial for their applications in controlled release systems of macromolecular drugs. 26700231 3 66 theme 1st 817:819 arg1 network 821:827 the 1st network 813:827 the 1st network followed by cross-linking 813:853 Macroporous interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel composites were then prepared by a sequential strategy, the 2nd network consisting of chitosan (CS) cross-linked with poly(ethyleneglycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) being generated by the sorption of a CS and PEGDGE mixture in the 1st network followed by cross-linking. 26700231 1 67 theme release 263:269 arg1 systems 271:277 controlled release systems 252:277 controlled release systems of macromolecular drugs 252:301 Designing structure and morphology of macroporous hydrogels is crucial for their applications in controlled release systems of macromolecular drugs. 24827466 6 0 theme % 1067:1067 arg1 release 1054:1060 the release 1050:1060 the release of 40% of the loaded gentamicin in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) 1050:1127 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements indicated the release of 40% of the loaded gentamicin in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) within the first 5 days. 24827466 6 1 from % 1067:1067 arg1 saline 1116:1121 phosphate buffered saline 1097:1121 phosphate buffered saline (PBS) 1097:1127 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements indicated the release of 40% of the loaded gentamicin in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) within the first 5 days. 24827466 6 1 from % 1067:1067 arg1 PBS 1124:1126 PBS 1124:1126 PBS 1124:1126 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements indicated the release of 40% of the loaded gentamicin in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) within the first 5 days. 24827466 8 2 theme improved 1292:1299 arg1 effect 1314:1319 improved bactericidal effect 1292:1319 improved bactericidal effect of gentamicin-loaded composite coatings against S. aureus 1292:1377 Moreover, disc diffusion test showed improved bactericidal effect of gentamicin-loaded composite coatings against S. aureus compared to control non-gentamicin-loaded coatings. 24827466 6 3 theme phosphate 1097:1105 arg1 saline 1116:1121 phosphate buffered saline 1097:1121 phosphate buffered saline (PBS) 1097:1127 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements indicated the release of 40% of the loaded gentamicin in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) within the first 5 days. 24827466 6 3 theme phosphate 1097:1105 arg1 PBS 1124:1126 PBS 1124:1126 PBS 1124:1126 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements indicated the release of 40% of the loaded gentamicin in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) within the first 5 days. 24827466 6 4 from saline 1116:1121 arg1 % 1067:1067 40% 1065:1067 40% of the loaded gentamicin in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) 1065:1127 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements indicated the release of 40% of the loaded gentamicin in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) within the first 5 days. 24827466 6 4 from saline 1116:1121 arg1 gentamicin 1083:1092 the loaded gentamicin 1072:1092 the loaded gentamicin in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) 1072:1127 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements indicated the release of 40% of the loaded gentamicin in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) within the first 5 days. 24827466 5 5 theme short 957:961 arg1 period 963:968 a short period 955:968 a short period of 2 days 955:978 The in vitro bioactivity of the coatings was demonstrated by formation of hydroxyapatite after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) in a short period of 2 days. 24827466 3 6 theme bioactive 618:626 arg1 particles 634:642 bioactive glass particles 618:642 bioactive glass particles 618:642 Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) was applied as a single-step technology to simultaneously deposit the biopolymer, bioactive glass particles, and the antibiotic on stainless steel substrate. 24827466 3 7 theme glass 628:632 arg1 particles 634:642 bioactive glass particles 618:642 bioactive glass particles 618:642 Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) was applied as a single-step technology to simultaneously deposit the biopolymer, bioactive glass particles, and the antibiotic on stainless steel substrate. 24827466 5 8 theme body 935:938 arg1 fluid 940:944 simulated body fluid 925:944 simulated body fluid (SBF) 925:950 The in vitro bioactivity of the coatings was demonstrated by formation of hydroxyapatite after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) in a short period of 2 days. 24827466 5 8 theme body 935:938 arg1 SBF 947:949 SBF 947:949 SBF 947:949 The in vitro bioactivity of the coatings was demonstrated by formation of hydroxyapatite after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) in a short period of 2 days. 24827466 7 9 theme MG-63 1228:1232 arg1 cells 1234:1238 MG-63 cells 1228:1238 MG-63 cells 1228:1238 The developed composite coating supported attachment and proliferation of MG-63 cells up to 10 days. 24827466 3 10 theme single-step 553:563 arg1 deposition 519:528 Electrophoretic deposition 503:528 Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) 503:534 Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) was applied as a single-step technology to simultaneously deposit the biopolymer, bioactive glass particles, and the antibiotic on stainless steel substrate. 24827466 3 10 theme single-step 553:563 arg1 technology 565:574 a single-step technology 551:574 a single-step technology 551:574 Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) was applied as a single-step technology to simultaneously deposit the biopolymer, bioactive glass particles, and the antibiotic on stainless steel substrate. 24827466 8 11 theme gentamicin-loaded 1324:1340 arg1 coatings 1352:1359 gentamicin-loaded composite coatings 1324:1359 gentamicin-loaded composite coatings 1324:1359 Moreover, disc diffusion test showed improved bactericidal effect of gentamicin-loaded composite coatings against S. aureus compared to control non-gentamicin-loaded coatings. 24827466 2 12 theme surface 462:468 arg1 properties 470:479 the surface properties 458:479 the surface properties of metallic implants 458:500 The goal of this research was to develop multifunctional composite chitosan/Bioglass coatings loaded with gentamicin antibiotic as a suitable strategy to improve the surface properties of metallic implants. 24827466 7 13 theme cells 1234:1238 arg1 proliferation 1211:1223 proliferation 1211:1223 proliferation 1211:1223 The developed composite coating supported attachment and proliferation of MG-63 cells up to 10 days. 24827466 7 13 theme cells 1234:1238 arg1 attachment 1196:1205 attachment 1196:1205 attachment 1196:1205 The developed composite coating supported attachment and proliferation of MG-63 cells up to 10 days. 24827466 6 14 from gentamicin 1083:1092 arg1 saline 1116:1121 phosphate buffered saline 1097:1121 phosphate buffered saline (PBS) 1097:1127 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements indicated the release of 40% of the loaded gentamicin in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) within the first 5 days. 24827466 6 14 from gentamicin 1083:1092 arg1 PBS 1124:1126 PBS 1124:1126 PBS 1124:1126 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements indicated the release of 40% of the loaded gentamicin in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) within the first 5 days. 24827466 2 15 theme research 313:320 arg1 goal 300:303 The goal 296:303 The goal of this research 296:320 The goal of this research was to develop multifunctional composite chitosan/Bioglass coatings loaded with gentamicin antibiotic as a suitable strategy to improve the surface properties of metallic implants. 24827466 4 16 theme coatings 736:743 arg1 composition 717:727 composition 717:727 composition 717:727 The microstructure and composition of the coatings were characterized using SEM/EDX, XRD, FTIR, and TGA/DSC, respectively. 24827466 4 16 theme coatings 736:743 arg1 microstructure 698:711 microstructure 698:711 microstructure 698:711 The microstructure and composition of the coatings were characterized using SEM/EDX, XRD, FTIR, and TGA/DSC, respectively. 24827466 5 17 theme in 821:822 arg1 bioactivity 830:840 The in vitro bioactivity 817:840 The in vitro bioactivity of the coatings 817:856 The in vitro bioactivity of the coatings was demonstrated by formation of hydroxyapatite after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) in a short period of 2 days. 24827466 8 18 theme diffusion 1270:1278 arg1 test 1280:1283 disc diffusion test 1265:1283 disc diffusion test 1265:1283 Moreover, disc diffusion test showed improved bactericidal effect of gentamicin-loaded composite coatings against S. aureus compared to control non-gentamicin-loaded coatings. 24827466 0 19 theme Electrophoretic 0:14 arg1 deposition 16:25 Electrophoretic deposition 0:25 Electrophoretic deposition of gentamicin-loaded bioactive glass/chitosan composite coatings for orthopaedic implants. 0:116 Electrophoretic deposition of gentamicin-loaded bioactive glass/chitosan composite coatings for orthopaedic implants. 24827466 8 20 theme disc 1265:1268 arg1 test 1280:1283 disc diffusion test 1265:1283 disc diffusion test 1265:1283 Moreover, disc diffusion test showed improved bactericidal effect of gentamicin-loaded composite coatings against S. aureus compared to control non-gentamicin-loaded coatings. 24827466 2 21 theme chitosan/Bioglass 363:379 arg1 coatings 381:388 multifunctional composite chitosan/Bioglass coatings 337:388 multifunctional composite chitosan/Bioglass coatings loaded with gentamicin antibiotic as a suitable strategy to improve the surface properties of metallic implants 337:500 The goal of this research was to develop multifunctional composite chitosan/Bioglass coatings loaded with gentamicin antibiotic as a suitable strategy to improve the surface properties of metallic implants. 24827466 1 22 theme adequate 228:235 arg1 bone-bonding 237:248 adequate bone-bonding 228:248 adequate bone-bonding 228:248 Despite their widespread application, metallic orthopaedic prosthesis failure still occurs because of lack of adequate bone-bonding and the incidence of post-surgery infections. 24827466 0 23 theme gentamicin-loaded 30:46 arg1 coatings 83:90 gentamicin-loaded bioactive glass/chitosan composite coatings 30:90 gentamicin-loaded bioactive glass/chitosan composite coatings 30:90 Electrophoretic deposition of gentamicin-loaded bioactive glass/chitosan composite coatings for orthopaedic implants. 24827466 8 24 theme coatings 1352:1359 arg1 effect 1314:1319 improved bactericidal effect 1292:1319 improved bactericidal effect of gentamicin-loaded composite coatings against S. aureus 1292:1377 Moreover, disc diffusion test showed improved bactericidal effect of gentamicin-loaded composite coatings against S. aureus compared to control non-gentamicin-loaded coatings. 24827466 8 25 theme composite 1342:1350 arg1 coatings 1352:1359 gentamicin-loaded composite coatings 1324:1359 gentamicin-loaded composite coatings 1324:1359 Moreover, disc diffusion test showed improved bactericidal effect of gentamicin-loaded composite coatings against S. aureus compared to control non-gentamicin-loaded coatings. 24827466 5 26 theme days 975:978 arg1 period 963:968 a short period 955:968 a short period of 2 days 955:978 The in vitro bioactivity of the coatings was demonstrated by formation of hydroxyapatite after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) in a short period of 2 days. 24827466 2 27 theme composite 353:361 arg1 coatings 381:388 multifunctional composite chitosan/Bioglass coatings 337:388 multifunctional composite chitosan/Bioglass coatings loaded with gentamicin antibiotic as a suitable strategy to improve the surface properties of metallic implants 337:500 The goal of this research was to develop multifunctional composite chitosan/Bioglass coatings loaded with gentamicin antibiotic as a suitable strategy to improve the surface properties of metallic implants. 24827466 8 28 dep showed 1285:1290 arg1 compared 1379:1386 compared 1379:1386 showed improved bactericidal effect of gentamicin-loaded composite coatings against S. aureus compared to control non-gentamicin-loaded coatings 1285:1428 Moreover, disc diffusion test showed improved bactericidal effect of gentamicin-loaded composite coatings against S. aureus compared to control non-gentamicin-loaded coatings. 24827466 2 29 theme implants 493:500 arg1 properties 470:479 the surface properties 458:479 the surface properties of metallic implants 458:500 The goal of this research was to develop multifunctional composite chitosan/Bioglass coatings loaded with gentamicin antibiotic as a suitable strategy to improve the surface properties of metallic implants. 24827466 5 30 theme hydroxyapatite 891:904 arg1 formation 878:886 formation 878:886 formation of hydroxyapatite after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) 878:950 The in vitro bioactivity of the coatings was demonstrated by formation of hydroxyapatite after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) in a short period of 2 days. 24827466 7 31 dep days 1249:1252 arg1 up 1240:1241 up 1240:1241 up 1240:1241 The developed composite coating supported attachment and proliferation of MG-63 cells up to 10 days. 24827466 2 32 theme multifunctional 337:351 arg1 coatings 381:388 multifunctional composite chitosan/Bioglass coatings 337:388 multifunctional composite chitosan/Bioglass coatings loaded with gentamicin antibiotic as a suitable strategy to improve the surface properties of metallic implants 337:500 The goal of this research was to develop multifunctional composite chitosan/Bioglass coatings loaded with gentamicin antibiotic as a suitable strategy to improve the surface properties of metallic implants. 24827466 2 33 theme metallic 484:491 arg1 implants 493:500 metallic implants 484:500 metallic implants 484:500 The goal of this research was to develop multifunctional composite chitosan/Bioglass coatings loaded with gentamicin antibiotic as a suitable strategy to improve the surface properties of metallic implants. 24827466 0 34 theme glass/chitosan 58:71 arg1 coatings 83:90 gentamicin-loaded bioactive glass/chitosan composite coatings 30:90 gentamicin-loaded bioactive glass/chitosan composite coatings 30:90 Electrophoretic deposition of gentamicin-loaded bioactive glass/chitosan composite coatings for orthopaedic implants. 24827466 5 35 dep in 821:822 arg1 vitro 824:828 vitro 824:828 vitro 824:828 The in vitro bioactivity of the coatings was demonstrated by formation of hydroxyapatite after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) in a short period of 2 days. 24827466 3 36 theme stainless 667:675 arg1 substrate 683:691 stainless steel substrate 667:691 stainless steel substrate 667:691 Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) was applied as a single-step technology to simultaneously deposit the biopolymer, bioactive glass particles, and the antibiotic on stainless steel substrate. 24827466 3 37 theme Electrophoretic 503:517 arg1 deposition 519:528 Electrophoretic deposition 503:528 Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) 503:534 Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) was applied as a single-step technology to simultaneously deposit the biopolymer, bioactive glass particles, and the antibiotic on stainless steel substrate. 24827466 3 37 theme Electrophoretic 503:517 arg1 technology 565:574 a single-step technology 551:574 a single-step technology 551:574 Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) was applied as a single-step technology to simultaneously deposit the biopolymer, bioactive glass particles, and the antibiotic on stainless steel substrate. 24827466 3 37 theme Electrophoretic 503:517 arg1 EPD 531:533 EPD 531:533 EPD 531:533 Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) was applied as a single-step technology to simultaneously deposit the biopolymer, bioactive glass particles, and the antibiotic on stainless steel substrate. 24827466 6 38 theme gentamicin 1083:1092 arg1 % 1067:1067 40% 1065:1067 40% of the loaded gentamicin in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) 1065:1127 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements indicated the release of 40% of the loaded gentamicin in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) within the first 5 days. 24827466 6 38 theme gentamicin 1083:1092 arg1 gentamicin 1083:1092 the loaded gentamicin 1072:1092 the loaded gentamicin in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) 1072:1127 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements indicated the release of 40% of the loaded gentamicin in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) within the first 5 days. 24827466 0 39 theme bioactive 48:56 arg1 coatings 83:90 gentamicin-loaded bioactive glass/chitosan composite coatings 30:90 gentamicin-loaded bioactive glass/chitosan composite coatings 30:90 Electrophoretic deposition of gentamicin-loaded bioactive glass/chitosan composite coatings for orthopaedic implants. 24827466 6 40 theme chromatography 1005:1018 arg1 measurements 1027:1038 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements 981:1038 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements 981:1038 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements indicated the release of 40% of the loaded gentamicin in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) within the first 5 days. 24827466 5 41 theme coatings 849:856 arg1 bioactivity 830:840 The in vitro bioactivity 817:840 The in vitro bioactivity of the coatings 817:856 The in vitro bioactivity of the coatings was demonstrated by formation of hydroxyapatite after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) in a short period of 2 days. 24827466 3 42 theme steel 677:681 arg1 substrate 683:691 stainless steel substrate 667:691 stainless steel substrate 667:691 Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) was applied as a single-step technology to simultaneously deposit the biopolymer, bioactive glass particles, and the antibiotic on stainless steel substrate. 24827466 5 43 theme simulated 925:933 arg1 fluid 940:944 simulated body fluid 925:944 simulated body fluid (SBF) 925:950 The in vitro bioactivity of the coatings was demonstrated by formation of hydroxyapatite after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) in a short period of 2 days. 24827466 5 43 theme simulated 925:933 arg1 SBF 947:949 SBF 947:949 SBF 947:949 The in vitro bioactivity of the coatings was demonstrated by formation of hydroxyapatite after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) in a short period of 2 days. 24827466 0 44 theme coatings 83:90 arg1 deposition 16:25 Electrophoretic deposition 0:25 Electrophoretic deposition of gentamicin-loaded bioactive glass/chitosan composite coatings for orthopaedic implants. 0:116 Electrophoretic deposition of gentamicin-loaded bioactive glass/chitosan composite coatings for orthopaedic implants. 24827466 6 45 theme liquid 998:1003 arg1 HPLC 1021:1024 HPLC 1021:1024 HPLC 1021:1024 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements indicated the release of 40% of the loaded gentamicin in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) within the first 5 days. 24827466 6 45 theme liquid 998:1003 arg1 chromatography 1005:1018 High-performance liquid chromatography 981:1018 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements 981:1038 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements indicated the release of 40% of the loaded gentamicin in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) within the first 5 days. 24827466 2 46 theme antibiotic 413:422 arg1 gentamicin 402:411 gentamicin 402:411 gentamicin antibiotic as a suitable strategy to improve the surface properties of metallic implants 402:500 The goal of this research was to develop multifunctional composite chitosan/Bioglass coatings loaded with gentamicin antibiotic as a suitable strategy to improve the surface properties of metallic implants. 24827466 0 47 theme composite 73:81 arg1 coatings 83:90 gentamicin-loaded bioactive glass/chitosan composite coatings 30:90 gentamicin-loaded bioactive glass/chitosan composite coatings 30:90 Electrophoretic deposition of gentamicin-loaded bioactive glass/chitosan composite coatings for orthopaedic implants. 24827466 6 48 theme High-performance 981:996 arg1 HPLC 1021:1024 HPLC 1021:1024 HPLC 1021:1024 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements indicated the release of 40% of the loaded gentamicin in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) within the first 5 days. 24827466 6 48 theme High-performance 981:996 arg1 chromatography 1005:1018 High-performance liquid chromatography 981:1018 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements 981:1038 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements indicated the release of 40% of the loaded gentamicin in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) within the first 5 days. 24827466 4 49 dep microstructure 698:711 arg1 The 694:696 The 694:696 The 694:696 The microstructure and composition of the coatings were characterized using SEM/EDX, XRD, FTIR, and TGA/DSC, respectively. 24827466 1 50 theme metallic 156:163 arg1 failure 188:194 metallic orthopaedic prosthesis failure 156:194 metallic orthopaedic prosthesis failure 156:194 Despite their widespread application, metallic orthopaedic prosthesis failure still occurs because of lack of adequate bone-bonding and the incidence of post-surgery infections. 24827466 7 51 attach attachment 1196:1205 arg1 days 1249:1252 10 days 1246:1252 10 days 1246:1252 The developed composite coating supported attachment and proliferation of MG-63 cells up to 10 days. 24827466 7 51 attach attachment 1196:1205 arg2 cells 1234:1238 MG-63 cells 1228:1238 MG-63 cells 1228:1238 The developed composite coating supported attachment and proliferation of MG-63 cells up to 10 days. 24827466 7 52 theme composite 1168:1176 arg1 coating 1178:1184 The developed composite coating 1154:1184 The developed composite coating 1154:1184 The developed composite coating supported attachment and proliferation of MG-63 cells up to 10 days. 24827466 5 53 from immersion 912:920 arg1 fluid 940:944 simulated body fluid 925:944 simulated body fluid (SBF) 925:950 The in vitro bioactivity of the coatings was demonstrated by formation of hydroxyapatite after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) in a short period of 2 days. 24827466 5 53 from immersion 912:920 arg1 SBF 947:949 SBF 947:949 SBF 947:949 The in vitro bioactivity of the coatings was demonstrated by formation of hydroxyapatite after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) in a short period of 2 days. 24827466 1 54 theme orthopaedic 165:175 arg1 failure 188:194 metallic orthopaedic prosthesis failure 156:194 metallic orthopaedic prosthesis failure 156:194 Despite their widespread application, metallic orthopaedic prosthesis failure still occurs because of lack of adequate bone-bonding and the incidence of post-surgery infections. 24827466 1 55 theme widespread 132:141 arg1 application 143:153 their widespread application 126:153 their widespread application 126:153 Despite their widespread application, metallic orthopaedic prosthesis failure still occurs because of lack of adequate bone-bonding and the incidence of post-surgery infections. 24827466 8 56 theme bactericidal 1301:1312 arg1 effect 1314:1319 improved bactericidal effect 1292:1319 improved bactericidal effect of gentamicin-loaded composite coatings against S. aureus 1292:1377 Moreover, disc diffusion test showed improved bactericidal effect of gentamicin-loaded composite coatings against S. aureus compared to control non-gentamicin-loaded coatings. 24827466 8 57 theme non-gentamicin-loaded 1399:1419 arg1 coatings 1421:1428 non-gentamicin-loaded coatings 1399:1428 non-gentamicin-loaded coatings 1399:1428 Moreover, disc diffusion test showed improved bactericidal effect of gentamicin-loaded composite coatings against S. aureus compared to control non-gentamicin-loaded coatings. 24827466 6 58 theme buffered 1107:1114 arg1 saline 1116:1121 phosphate buffered saline 1097:1121 phosphate buffered saline (PBS) 1097:1127 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements indicated the release of 40% of the loaded gentamicin in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) within the first 5 days. 24827466 6 58 theme buffered 1107:1114 arg1 PBS 1124:1126 PBS 1124:1126 PBS 1124:1126 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements indicated the release of 40% of the loaded gentamicin in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) within the first 5 days. 24827466 1 59 theme prosthesis 177:186 arg1 failure 188:194 metallic orthopaedic prosthesis failure 156:194 metallic orthopaedic prosthesis failure 156:194 Despite their widespread application, metallic orthopaedic prosthesis failure still occurs because of lack of adequate bone-bonding and the incidence of post-surgery infections. 24827466 1 60 theme post-surgery 271:282 arg1 infections 284:293 post-surgery infections 271:293 post-surgery infections 271:293 Despite their widespread application, metallic orthopaedic prosthesis failure still occurs because of lack of adequate bone-bonding and the incidence of post-surgery infections. 24827466 0 61 theme orthopaedic 96:106 arg1 implants 108:115 orthopaedic implants 96:115 orthopaedic implants 96:115 Electrophoretic deposition of gentamicin-loaded bioactive glass/chitosan composite coatings for orthopaedic implants. 24827466 6 62 theme loaded 1076:1081 arg1 gentamicin 1083:1092 the loaded gentamicin 1072:1092 the loaded gentamicin in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) 1072:1127 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements indicated the release of 40% of the loaded gentamicin in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) within the first 5 days. 24827466 1 63 theme bone-bonding 237:248 arg1 lack 220:223 lack 220:223 lack of adequate bone-bonding 220:248 Despite their widespread application, metallic orthopaedic prosthesis failure still occurs because of lack of adequate bone-bonding and the incidence of post-surgery infections. 24827466 1 63 theme bone-bonding 237:248 arg1 incidence 258:266 the incidence 254:266 the incidence of post-surgery infections 254:293 Despite their widespread application, metallic orthopaedic prosthesis failure still occurs because of lack of adequate bone-bonding and the incidence of post-surgery infections. 24827466 6 64 theme first 1140:1144 arg1 days 1148:1151 the first 5 days 1136:1151 the first 5 days 1136:1151 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements indicated the release of 40% of the loaded gentamicin in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) within the first 5 days. 24827466 1 65 theme infections 284:293 arg1 lack 220:223 lack 220:223 lack of adequate bone-bonding 220:248 Despite their widespread application, metallic orthopaedic prosthesis failure still occurs because of lack of adequate bone-bonding and the incidence of post-surgery infections. 24827466 1 65 theme infections 284:293 arg1 incidence 258:266 the incidence 254:266 the incidence of post-surgery infections 254:293 Despite their widespread application, metallic orthopaedic prosthesis failure still occurs because of lack of adequate bone-bonding and the incidence of post-surgery infections. 24827466 7 66 theme developed 1158:1166 arg1 coating 1178:1184 The developed composite coating 1154:1184 The developed composite coating 1154:1184 The developed composite coating supported attachment and proliferation of MG-63 cells up to 10 days. 24827466 2 67 theme suitable 429:436 arg1 strategy 438:445 a suitable strategy 427:445 a suitable strategy to improve the surface properties of metallic implants 427:500 The goal of this research was to develop multifunctional composite chitosan/Bioglass coatings loaded with gentamicin antibiotic as a suitable strategy to improve the surface properties of metallic implants. 25256467 9 0 theme desired 2006:2012 arg1 counterparts 1977:1988 the individual counterparts 1962:1988 the individual counterparts which is also a desired characteristic to enhance the biocompatibility of the materials for proper cell adhesion and proliferation 1962:2119 The hydrophilic property of the P(3 HB)-g-BC was much better than that of the individual counterparts which is also a desired characteristic to enhance the biocompatibility of the materials for proper cell adhesion and proliferation. 25256467 9 0 theme desired 2006:2012 arg1 characteristic 2014:2027 a desired characteristic 2004:2027 a desired characteristic to enhance the biocompatibility of the materials for proper cell adhesion and proliferation 2004:2119 The hydrophilic property of the P(3 HB)-g-BC was much better than that of the individual counterparts which is also a desired characteristic to enhance the biocompatibility of the materials for proper cell adhesion and proliferation. 25256467 4 1 theme P 927:927 arg1 [P 963:964 the pure P(3 HB) and P(3 HB) containing graft composites [P 906:964 the pure P(3 HB) and P(3 HB) containing graft composites [P(3 HB)-g-BC] 906:976 The FTIR spectra of the pure P(3 HB) and P(3 HB) containing graft composites [P(3 HB)-g-BC] showed their strong characteristic bands at 3358 cm(-1), 1721 cm(-1) and 1651 cm(-1), respectively. 25256467 4 1 theme P 927:927 arg1 HB 968:969 3 HB 966:969 3 HB 966:969 The FTIR spectra of the pure P(3 HB) and P(3 HB) containing graft composites [P(3 HB)-g-BC] showed their strong characteristic bands at 3358 cm(-1), 1721 cm(-1) and 1651 cm(-1), respectively. 25256467 1 2 attach derived 359:365 arg2 material 350:357 a bio-degradable matrix material 326:357 a bio-degradable matrix material derived from natural resources 326:388 Bacterial cellulose (BC) exhibits high purity, mechanical strength and an ultra-fine fibrous 3-D network structure with bio-compatible and bio-degradable characteristics, while P(3 HB) are a bio-degradable matrix material derived from natural resources. 25256467 1 2 attach derived 359:365 arg1 resources 380:388 natural resources 372:388 natural resources 372:388 Bacterial cellulose (BC) exhibits high purity, mechanical strength and an ultra-fine fibrous 3-D network structure with bio-compatible and bio-degradable characteristics, while P(3 HB) are a bio-degradable matrix material derived from natural resources. 25256467 1 2 attach derived 359:365 arg2 P 314:314 P 314:314 P(3 HB) 314:320 Bacterial cellulose (BC) exhibits high purity, mechanical strength and an ultra-fine fibrous 3-D network structure with bio-compatible and bio-degradable characteristics, while P(3 HB) are a bio-degradable matrix material derived from natural resources. 25256467 6 3 theme XRD 1191:1193 arg1 pattern 1195:1201 XRD pattern 1191:1201 XRD pattern for P(3 HB) 1191:1213 XRD pattern for P(3 HB) showed distinct peaks at 2θ values that represent the crystalline nature of P(3 HB). 25256467 2 4 dep BC 515:516 arg1 used 590:593 used 590:593 was used as a grafting tool 586:612 Herein, we report a mild and eco-friendly fabrication of indigenously isolated P(3 HB) based novel composites consisting of BC (a straight-chain polysaccharide) as a backbone polymer and laccase was used as a grafting tool. 25256467 2 5 theme backbone 557:564 arg1 polymer 566:572 a backbone polymer 555:572 a backbone polymer 555:572 Herein, we report a mild and eco-friendly fabrication of indigenously isolated P(3 HB) based novel composites consisting of BC (a straight-chain polysaccharide) as a backbone polymer and laccase was used as a grafting tool. 25256467 2 5 theme backbone 557:564 arg1 tool 609:612 a grafting tool 598:612 a grafting tool 598:612 Herein, we report a mild and eco-friendly fabrication of indigenously isolated P(3 HB) based novel composites consisting of BC (a straight-chain polysaccharide) as a backbone polymer and laccase was used as a grafting tool. 25256467 2 5 theme backbone 557:564 arg1 laccase 578:584 laccase 578:584 laccase 578:584 Herein, we report a mild and eco-friendly fabrication of indigenously isolated P(3 HB) based novel composites consisting of BC (a straight-chain polysaccharide) as a backbone polymer and laccase was used as a grafting tool. 25256467 5 6 theme SEM 1174:1176 arg1 micrographs 1178:1188 the SEM micrographs 1170:1188 the SEM micrographs 1170:1188 A homogenous dispersion of P(3 HB) in the backbone polymer of BC was achieved as evident by the SEM micrographs. 25256467 6 7 theme 2θ 1240:1241 arg1 values 1243:1248 2θ values 1240:1248 2θ values that represent the crystalline nature of P(3 HB) 1240:1297 XRD pattern for P(3 HB) showed distinct peaks at 2θ values that represent the crystalline nature of P(3 HB). 25256467 1 8 theme high 171:174 arg1 purity 176:181 high purity 171:181 high purity 171:181 Bacterial cellulose (BC) exhibits high purity, mechanical strength and an ultra-fine fibrous 3-D network structure with bio-compatible and bio-degradable characteristics, while P(3 HB) are a bio-degradable matrix material derived from natural resources. 25256467 3 9 theme electron 719:726 arg1 SEM 740:742 SEM 740:742 SEM 740:742 The resulting composites were characterised by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analyser (DMA) and water contact angle analyser (WCA). 25256467 3 9 theme electron 719:726 arg1 microscopy 728:737 scanning electron microscopy 710:737 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 710:743 The resulting composites were characterised by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analyser (DMA) and water contact angle analyser (WCA). 25256467 9 10 theme materials 2068:2076 arg1 biocompatibility 2044:2059 the biocompatibility 2040:2059 the biocompatibility of the materials for proper cell adhesion and proliferation 2040:2119 The hydrophilic property of the P(3 HB)-g-BC was much better than that of the individual counterparts which is also a desired characteristic to enhance the biocompatibility of the materials for proper cell adhesion and proliferation. 25256467 8 11 theme Young 1735:1739 arg1 modulus 1743:1749 Young's modulus 1735:1749 Young's modulus (0.98 GPa) 1735:1760 Laccase-assisted graft composite prepared from P(3 HB) and BC was fairly flexible and strong, judged by the tensile strength (64.5 MPa), elongations at break (15.7%), and Young's modulus (0.98 GPa) because inherently high strength of BC allowed the mechanical properties of P(3 HB) to improve in the P(3 HB)-g-BC composite. 25256467 8 11 theme Young 1735:1739 arg1 GPa 1757:1759 0.98 GPa 1752:1759 0.98 GPa 1752:1759 Laccase-assisted graft composite prepared from P(3 HB) and BC was fairly flexible and strong, judged by the tensile strength (64.5 MPa), elongations at break (15.7%), and Young's modulus (0.98 GPa) because inherently high strength of BC allowed the mechanical properties of P(3 HB) to improve in the P(3 HB)-g-BC composite. 25256467 4 12 theme [P 963:964 arg1 spectra 895:901 The FTIR spectra 886:901 The FTIR spectra of the pure P(3 HB) and P(3 HB) containing graft composites [P(3 HB)-g-BC] 886:976 The FTIR spectra of the pure P(3 HB) and P(3 HB) containing graft composites [P(3 HB)-g-BC] showed their strong characteristic bands at 3358 cm(-1), 1721 cm(-1) and 1651 cm(-1), respectively. 25256467 2 13 used used 590:593 arg2 tool 609:612 a grafting tool 598:612 a grafting tool 598:612 Herein, we report a mild and eco-friendly fabrication of indigenously isolated P(3 HB) based novel composites consisting of BC (a straight-chain polysaccharide) as a backbone polymer and laccase was used as a grafting tool. 25256467 2 13 used used 590:593 arg2 laccase 578:584 laccase 578:584 laccase 578:584 Herein, we report a mild and eco-friendly fabrication of indigenously isolated P(3 HB) based novel composites consisting of BC (a straight-chain polysaccharide) as a backbone polymer and laccase was used as a grafting tool. 25256467 2 13 used used 590:593 arg2 polymer 566:572 a backbone polymer 555:572 a backbone polymer 555:572 Herein, we report a mild and eco-friendly fabrication of indigenously isolated P(3 HB) based novel composites consisting of BC (a straight-chain polysaccharide) as a backbone polymer and laccase was used as a grafting tool. 25256467 1 14 theme natural 372:378 arg1 resources 380:388 natural resources 372:388 natural resources 372:388 Bacterial cellulose (BC) exhibits high purity, mechanical strength and an ultra-fine fibrous 3-D network structure with bio-compatible and bio-degradable characteristics, while P(3 HB) are a bio-degradable matrix material derived from natural resources. 25256467 8 15 dep flexible 1637:1644 arg1 judged 1658:1663 judged 1658:1663 judged by the tensile strength (64.5 MPa), elongations at break (15.7%), and Young's modulus (0.98 GPa) because inherently high strength of BC allowed the mechanical properties of P(3 HB) to improve in the P(3 HB)-g-BC composite 1658:1885 Laccase-assisted graft composite prepared from P(3 HB) and BC was fairly flexible and strong, judged by the tensile strength (64.5 MPa), elongations at break (15.7%), and Young's modulus (0.98 GPa) because inherently high strength of BC allowed the mechanical properties of P(3 HB) to improve in the P(3 HB)-g-BC composite. 25256467 3 16 theme angle 864:868 arg1 WCA 880:882 WCA 880:882 WCA 880:882 The resulting composites were characterised by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analyser (DMA) and water contact angle analyser (WCA). 25256467 3 16 theme angle 864:868 arg1 analyser 870:877 water contact angle analyser 850:877 water contact angle analyser (WCA) 850:883 The resulting composites were characterised by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analyser (DMA) and water contact angle analyser (WCA). 25256467 9 17 theme proper 2082:2087 arg1 adhesion 2094:2101 proper cell adhesion 2082:2101 proper cell adhesion 2082:2101 The hydrophilic property of the P(3 HB)-g-BC was much better than that of the individual counterparts which is also a desired characteristic to enhance the biocompatibility of the materials for proper cell adhesion and proliferation. 25256467 8 18 theme P 1864:1864 arg1 HB 1868:1869 3 HB 1866:1869 3 HB 1866:1869 Laccase-assisted graft composite prepared from P(3 HB) and BC was fairly flexible and strong, judged by the tensile strength (64.5 MPa), elongations at break (15.7%), and Young's modulus (0.98 GPa) because inherently high strength of BC allowed the mechanical properties of P(3 HB) to improve in the P(3 HB)-g-BC composite. 25256467 8 18 theme P 1864:1864 arg1 composite 1877:1885 the P(3 HB)-g-BC composite 1860:1885 the P(3 HB)-g-BC composite 1860:1885 Laccase-assisted graft composite prepared from P(3 HB) and BC was fairly flexible and strong, judged by the tensile strength (64.5 MPa), elongations at break (15.7%), and Young's modulus (0.98 GPa) because inherently high strength of BC allowed the mechanical properties of P(3 HB) to improve in the P(3 HB)-g-BC composite. 25256467 4 19 dep HB 968:969 arg1 -g-BC 971:975 -g-BC 971:975 -g-BC 971:975 The FTIR spectra of the pure P(3 HB) and P(3 HB) containing graft composites [P(3 HB)-g-BC] showed their strong characteristic bands at 3358 cm(-1), 1721 cm(-1) and 1651 cm(-1), respectively. 25256467 9 20 theme hydrophilic 1892:1902 arg1 property 1904:1911 The hydrophilic property 1888:1911 The hydrophilic property of the P(3 HB)-g-BC 1888:1931 The hydrophilic property of the P(3 HB)-g-BC was much better than that of the individual counterparts which is also a desired characteristic to enhance the biocompatibility of the materials for proper cell adhesion and proliferation. 25256467 9 20 theme hydrophilic 1892:1902 arg1 better 1942:1947 better 1942:1947 better 1942:1947 The hydrophilic property of the P(3 HB)-g-BC was much better than that of the individual counterparts which is also a desired characteristic to enhance the biocompatibility of the materials for proper cell adhesion and proliferation. 25256467 6 21 theme P 1291:1291 arg1 nature 1281:1286 the crystalline nature 1265:1286 the crystalline nature of P(3 HB) 1265:1297 XRD pattern for P(3 HB) showed distinct peaks at 2θ values that represent the crystalline nature of P(3 HB). 25256467 7 22 theme P 1381:1381 arg1 -g-BC 1388:1392 P(3 HB)-g-BC 1381:1392 P(3 HB)-g-BC 1381:1392 While, in comparison with those of neat P(3 HB), the degree of crystallinity for P(3 HB)-g-BC decreased and this reduction is mainly because of the new cross-linking of P(3 HB) within the backbone polymer that changes the morphology and destroys the crystallites. 25256467 1 23 theme Bacterial 137:145 arg1 BC 158:159 BC 158:159 BC 158:159 Bacterial cellulose (BC) exhibits high purity, mechanical strength and an ultra-fine fibrous 3-D network structure with bio-compatible and bio-degradable characteristics, while P(3 HB) are a bio-degradable matrix material derived from natural resources. 25256467 1 23 theme Bacterial 137:145 arg1 cellulose 147:155 Bacterial cellulose 137:155 Bacterial cellulose (BC) 137:160 Bacterial cellulose (BC) exhibits high purity, mechanical strength and an ultra-fine fibrous 3-D network structure with bio-compatible and bio-degradable characteristics, while P(3 HB) are a bio-degradable matrix material derived from natural resources. 25256467 7 24 theme crystallinity 1363:1375 arg1 degree 1353:1358 the degree 1349:1358 the degree of crystallinity for P(3 HB)-g-BC 1349:1392 While, in comparison with those of neat P(3 HB), the degree of crystallinity for P(3 HB)-g-BC decreased and this reduction is mainly because of the new cross-linking of P(3 HB) within the backbone polymer that changes the morphology and destroys the crystallites. 25256467 4 25 theme FTIR 890:893 arg1 spectra 895:901 The FTIR spectra 886:901 The FTIR spectra of the pure P(3 HB) and P(3 HB) containing graft composites [P(3 HB)-g-BC] 886:976 The FTIR spectra of the pure P(3 HB) and P(3 HB) containing graft composites [P(3 HB)-g-BC] showed their strong characteristic bands at 3358 cm(-1), 1721 cm(-1) and 1651 cm(-1), respectively. 25256467 3 26 theme X-ray 746:750 arg1 XRD 765:767 XRD 765:767 XRD 765:767 The resulting composites were characterised by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analyser (DMA) and water contact angle analyser (WCA). 25256467 3 26 theme X-ray 746:750 arg1 diffraction 752:762 X-ray diffraction 746:762 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 746:768 The resulting composites were characterised by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analyser (DMA) and water contact angle analyser (WCA). 25256467 9 27 theme P 1920:1920 arg1 HB 1924:1925 3 HB 1922:1925 3 HB 1922:1925 The hydrophilic property of the P(3 HB)-g-BC was much better than that of the individual counterparts which is also a desired characteristic to enhance the biocompatibility of the materials for proper cell adhesion and proliferation. 25256467 9 27 theme P 1920:1920 arg1 -g-BC 1927:1931 the P(3 HB)-g-BC 1916:1931 the P(3 HB)-g-BC 1916:1931 The hydrophilic property of the P(3 HB)-g-BC was much better than that of the individual counterparts which is also a desired characteristic to enhance the biocompatibility of the materials for proper cell adhesion and proliferation. 25256467 3 28 theme mechanical 820:829 arg1 DMA 841:843 DMA 841:843 DMA 841:843 The resulting composites were characterised by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analyser (DMA) and water contact angle analyser (WCA). 25256467 3 28 theme mechanical 820:829 arg1 analyser 831:838 dynamic mechanical analyser 812:838 dynamic mechanical analyser (DMA) 812:844 The resulting composites were characterised by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analyser (DMA) and water contact angle analyser (WCA). 25256467 4 29 theme characteristic 998:1011 arg1 bands 1013:1017 their strong characteristic bands 985:1017 their strong characteristic bands 985:1017 The FTIR spectra of the pure P(3 HB) and P(3 HB) containing graft composites [P(3 HB)-g-BC] showed their strong characteristic bands at 3358 cm(-1), 1721 cm(-1) and 1651 cm(-1), respectively. 25256467 3 30 theme differential 771:782 arg1 DSC 806:808 DSC 806:808 DSC 806:808 The resulting composites were characterised by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analyser (DMA) and water contact angle analyser (WCA). 25256467 3 30 theme differential 771:782 arg1 calorimetry 793:803 differential scanning calorimetry 771:803 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 771:809 The resulting composites were characterised by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analyser (DMA) and water contact angle analyser (WCA). 25256467 0 31 theme cellulose 72:80 arg1 polymer 94:100 the bacterial cellulose as backbone polymer 58:100 the bacterial cellulose as backbone polymer 58:100 Laccase-assisted grafting of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) onto the bacterial cellulose as backbone polymer: development and characterisation. 25256467 0 32 theme backbone 85:92 arg1 polymer 94:100 the bacterial cellulose as backbone polymer 58:100 the bacterial cellulose as backbone polymer 58:100 Laccase-assisted grafting of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) onto the bacterial cellulose as backbone polymer: development and characterisation. 25256467 1 33 theme matrix 343:348 arg1 material 350:357 a bio-degradable matrix material 326:357 a bio-degradable matrix material derived from natural resources 326:388 Bacterial cellulose (BC) exhibits high purity, mechanical strength and an ultra-fine fibrous 3-D network structure with bio-compatible and bio-degradable characteristics, while P(3 HB) are a bio-degradable matrix material derived from natural resources. 25256467 1 33 theme matrix 343:348 arg1 P 314:314 P 314:314 P(3 HB) 314:320 Bacterial cellulose (BC) exhibits high purity, mechanical strength and an ultra-fine fibrous 3-D network structure with bio-compatible and bio-degradable characteristics, while P(3 HB) are a bio-degradable matrix material derived from natural resources. 25256467 2 34 theme novel 484:488 arg1 composites 490:499 indigenously isolated P(3 HB) based novel composites 448:499 indigenously isolated P(3 HB) based novel composites consisting of BC (a straight-chain polysaccharide) as a backbone polymer and laccase was used as a grafting tool 448:612 Herein, we report a mild and eco-friendly fabrication of indigenously isolated P(3 HB) based novel composites consisting of BC (a straight-chain polysaccharide) as a backbone polymer and laccase was used as a grafting tool. 25256467 5 35 theme P 1105:1105 arg1 dispersion 1091:1100 A homogenous dispersion 1078:1100 A homogenous dispersion of P(3 HB) in the backbone polymer of BC 1078:1141 A homogenous dispersion of P(3 HB) in the backbone polymer of BC was achieved as evident by the SEM micrographs. 25256467 2 36 theme P 470:470 arg1 composites 490:499 indigenously isolated P(3 HB) based novel composites 448:499 indigenously isolated P(3 HB) based novel composites consisting of BC (a straight-chain polysaccharide) as a backbone polymer and laccase was used as a grafting tool 448:612 Herein, we report a mild and eco-friendly fabrication of indigenously isolated P(3 HB) based novel composites consisting of BC (a straight-chain polysaccharide) as a backbone polymer and laccase was used as a grafting tool. 25256467 6 37 from values 1243:1248 arg1 peaks 1231:1235 distinct peaks 1222:1235 distinct peaks at 2θ values that represent the crystalline nature of P(3 HB) 1222:1297 XRD pattern for P(3 HB) showed distinct peaks at 2θ values that represent the crystalline nature of P(3 HB). 25256467 0 38 theme Laccase-assisted 0:15 arg1 grafting 17:24 Laccase-assisted grafting 0:24 Laccase-assisted grafting of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) onto the bacterial cellulose as backbone polymer: development and characterisation. 0:135 Laccase-assisted grafting of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) onto the bacterial cellulose as backbone polymer: development and characterisation. 25256467 1 39 theme bio-degradable 276:289 arg1 characteristics 291:305 bio-compatible and bio-degradable characteristics 257:305 bio-compatible and bio-degradable characteristics 257:305 Bacterial cellulose (BC) exhibits high purity, mechanical strength and an ultra-fine fibrous 3-D network structure with bio-compatible and bio-degradable characteristics, while P(3 HB) are a bio-degradable matrix material derived from natural resources. 25256467 4 40 contain containing 935:944 arg1 P 915:915 P 915:915 P(3 HB) 915:921 The FTIR spectra of the pure P(3 HB) and P(3 HB) containing graft composites [P(3 HB)-g-BC] showed their strong characteristic bands at 3358 cm(-1), 1721 cm(-1) and 1651 cm(-1), respectively. 25256467 4 40 contain containing 935:944 arg2 composites 952:961 graft composites 946:961 graft composites 946:961 The FTIR spectra of the pure P(3 HB) and P(3 HB) containing graft composites [P(3 HB)-g-BC] showed their strong characteristic bands at 3358 cm(-1), 1721 cm(-1) and 1651 cm(-1), respectively. 25256467 4 40 contain containing 935:944 arg1 HB 919:920 3 HB 917:920 3 HB 917:920 The FTIR spectra of the pure P(3 HB) and P(3 HB) containing graft composites [P(3 HB)-g-BC] showed their strong characteristic bands at 3358 cm(-1), 1721 cm(-1) and 1651 cm(-1), respectively. 25256467 7 41 with comparison 1310:1319 arg1 those 1326:1330 those 1326:1330 those 1326:1330 While, in comparison with those of neat P(3 HB), the degree of crystallinity for P(3 HB)-g-BC decreased and this reduction is mainly because of the new cross-linking of P(3 HB) within the backbone polymer that changes the morphology and destroys the crystallites. 25256467 7 42 theme neat 1335:1338 arg1 P 1340:1340 neat P 1335:1340 neat P(3 HB) 1335:1346 While, in comparison with those of neat P(3 HB), the degree of crystallinity for P(3 HB)-g-BC decreased and this reduction is mainly because of the new cross-linking of P(3 HB) within the backbone polymer that changes the morphology and destroys the crystallites. 25256467 7 42 theme neat 1335:1338 arg1 HB 1344:1345 3 HB 1342:1345 3 HB 1342:1345 While, in comparison with those of neat P(3 HB), the degree of crystallinity for P(3 HB)-g-BC decreased and this reduction is mainly because of the new cross-linking of P(3 HB) within the backbone polymer that changes the morphology and destroys the crystallites. 25256467 7 43 theme backbone 1488:1495 arg1 polymer 1497:1503 the backbone polymer 1484:1503 the backbone polymer that changes the morphology and destroys the crystallites 1484:1561 While, in comparison with those of neat P(3 HB), the degree of crystallinity for P(3 HB)-g-BC decreased and this reduction is mainly because of the new cross-linking of P(3 HB) within the backbone polymer that changes the morphology and destroys the crystallites. 25256467 3 44 theme water 850:854 arg1 WCA 880:882 WCA 880:882 WCA 880:882 The resulting composites were characterised by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analyser (DMA) and water contact angle analyser (WCA). 25256467 3 44 theme water 850:854 arg1 analyser 870:877 water contact angle analyser 850:877 water contact angle analyser (WCA) 850:883 The resulting composites were characterised by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analyser (DMA) and water contact angle analyser (WCA). 25256467 4 45 theme pure 910:913 arg1 [P 963:964 the pure P(3 HB) and P(3 HB) containing graft composites [P 906:964 the pure P(3 HB) and P(3 HB) containing graft composites [P(3 HB)-g-BC] 906:976 The FTIR spectra of the pure P(3 HB) and P(3 HB) containing graft composites [P(3 HB)-g-BC] showed their strong characteristic bands at 3358 cm(-1), 1721 cm(-1) and 1651 cm(-1), respectively. 25256467 4 45 theme pure 910:913 arg1 HB 968:969 3 HB 966:969 3 HB 966:969 The FTIR spectra of the pure P(3 HB) and P(3 HB) containing graft composites [P(3 HB)-g-BC] showed their strong characteristic bands at 3358 cm(-1), 1721 cm(-1) and 1651 cm(-1), respectively. 25256467 1 46 with strength 195:202 arg1 characteristics 291:305 bio-compatible and bio-degradable characteristics 257:305 bio-compatible and bio-degradable characteristics 257:305 Bacterial cellulose (BC) exhibits high purity, mechanical strength and an ultra-fine fibrous 3-D network structure with bio-compatible and bio-degradable characteristics, while P(3 HB) are a bio-degradable matrix material derived from natural resources. 25256467 8 47 theme BC 1798:1799 arg1 strength 1786:1793 inherently high strength 1770:1793 inherently high strength of BC 1770:1799 Laccase-assisted graft composite prepared from P(3 HB) and BC was fairly flexible and strong, judged by the tensile strength (64.5 MPa), elongations at break (15.7%), and Young's modulus (0.98 GPa) because inherently high strength of BC allowed the mechanical properties of P(3 HB) to improve in the P(3 HB)-g-BC composite. 25256467 1 48 with structure 242:250 arg1 characteristics 291:305 bio-compatible and bio-degradable characteristics 257:305 bio-compatible and bio-degradable characteristics 257:305 Bacterial cellulose (BC) exhibits high purity, mechanical strength and an ultra-fine fibrous 3-D network structure with bio-compatible and bio-degradable characteristics, while P(3 HB) are a bio-degradable matrix material derived from natural resources. 25256467 5 49 theme BC 1140:1141 arg1 polymer 1129:1135 the backbone polymer 1116:1135 the backbone polymer of BC 1116:1141 A homogenous dispersion of P(3 HB) in the backbone polymer of BC was achieved as evident by the SEM micrographs. 25256467 1 50 theme ultra-fine 211:220 arg1 structure 242:250 an ultra-fine fibrous 3-D network structure 208:250 an ultra-fine fibrous 3-D network structure with bio-compatible and bio-degradable characteristics 208:305 Bacterial cellulose (BC) exhibits high purity, mechanical strength and an ultra-fine fibrous 3-D network structure with bio-compatible and bio-degradable characteristics, while P(3 HB) are a bio-degradable matrix material derived from natural resources. 25256467 5 51 theme backbone 1120:1127 arg1 polymer 1129:1135 the backbone polymer 1116:1135 the backbone polymer of BC 1116:1141 A homogenous dispersion of P(3 HB) in the backbone polymer of BC was achieved as evident by the SEM micrographs. 25256467 3 52 theme resulting 619:627 arg1 composites 629:638 The resulting composites 615:638 The resulting composites 615:638 The resulting composites were characterised by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analyser (DMA) and water contact angle analyser (WCA). 25256467 1 53 theme 3-D 230:232 arg1 structure 242:250 an ultra-fine fibrous 3-D network structure 208:250 an ultra-fine fibrous 3-D network structure with bio-compatible and bio-degradable characteristics 208:305 Bacterial cellulose (BC) exhibits high purity, mechanical strength and an ultra-fine fibrous 3-D network structure with bio-compatible and bio-degradable characteristics, while P(3 HB) are a bio-degradable matrix material derived from natural resources. 25256467 8 54 theme P 1838:1838 arg1 properties 1824:1833 the mechanical properties 1809:1833 the mechanical properties of P(3 HB) 1809:1844 Laccase-assisted graft composite prepared from P(3 HB) and BC was fairly flexible and strong, judged by the tensile strength (64.5 MPa), elongations at break (15.7%), and Young's modulus (0.98 GPa) because inherently high strength of BC allowed the mechanical properties of P(3 HB) to improve in the P(3 HB)-g-BC composite. 25256467 3 55 theme infrared 680:687 arg1 FTIR 703:706 FTIR 703:706 FTIR 703:706 The resulting composites were characterised by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analyser (DMA) and water contact angle analyser (WCA). 25256467 3 55 theme infrared 680:687 arg1 spectroscopy 689:700 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy 662:700 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 662:707 The resulting composites were characterised by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analyser (DMA) and water contact angle analyser (WCA). 25256467 9 56 theme individual 1966:1975 arg1 counterparts 1977:1988 the individual counterparts 1962:1988 the individual counterparts which is also a desired characteristic to enhance the biocompatibility of the materials for proper cell adhesion and proliferation 1962:2119 The hydrophilic property of the P(3 HB)-g-BC was much better than that of the individual counterparts which is also a desired characteristic to enhance the biocompatibility of the materials for proper cell adhesion and proliferation. 25256467 9 56 theme individual 1966:1975 arg1 characteristic 2014:2027 a desired characteristic 2004:2027 a desired characteristic to enhance the biocompatibility of the materials for proper cell adhesion and proliferation 2004:2119 The hydrophilic property of the P(3 HB)-g-BC was much better than that of the individual counterparts which is also a desired characteristic to enhance the biocompatibility of the materials for proper cell adhesion and proliferation. 25256467 1 57 theme bio-compatible 257:270 arg1 characteristics 291:305 bio-compatible and bio-degradable characteristics 257:305 bio-compatible and bio-degradable characteristics 257:305 Bacterial cellulose (BC) exhibits high purity, mechanical strength and an ultra-fine fibrous 3-D network structure with bio-compatible and bio-degradable characteristics, while P(3 HB) are a bio-degradable matrix material derived from natural resources. 25256467 8 58 theme Laccase-assisted 1564:1579 arg1 composite 1587:1595 Laccase-assisted graft composite 1564:1595 Laccase-assisted graft composite prepared from P(3 HB) and BC 1564:1624 Laccase-assisted graft composite prepared from P(3 HB) and BC was fairly flexible and strong, judged by the tensile strength (64.5 MPa), elongations at break (15.7%), and Young's modulus (0.98 GPa) because inherently high strength of BC allowed the mechanical properties of P(3 HB) to improve in the P(3 HB)-g-BC composite. 25256467 6 59 theme distinct 1222:1229 arg1 peaks 1231:1235 distinct peaks 1222:1235 distinct peaks at 2θ values that represent the crystalline nature of P(3 HB) 1222:1297 XRD pattern for P(3 HB) showed distinct peaks at 2θ values that represent the crystalline nature of P(3 HB). 25256467 1 60 theme mechanical 184:193 arg1 strength 195:202 mechanical strength 184:202 mechanical strength 184:202 Bacterial cellulose (BC) exhibits high purity, mechanical strength and an ultra-fine fibrous 3-D network structure with bio-compatible and bio-degradable characteristics, while P(3 HB) are a bio-degradable matrix material derived from natural resources. 25256467 3 61 theme scanning 710:717 arg1 SEM 740:742 SEM 740:742 SEM 740:742 The resulting composites were characterised by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analyser (DMA) and water contact angle analyser (WCA). 25256467 3 61 theme scanning 710:717 arg1 microscopy 728:737 scanning electron microscopy 710:737 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 710:743 The resulting composites were characterised by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analyser (DMA) and water contact angle analyser (WCA). 25256467 9 62 theme cell 2089:2092 arg1 adhesion 2094:2101 proper cell adhesion 2082:2101 proper cell adhesion 2082:2101 The hydrophilic property of the P(3 HB)-g-BC was much better than that of the individual counterparts which is also a desired characteristic to enhance the biocompatibility of the materials for proper cell adhesion and proliferation. 25256467 5 63 from dispersion 1091:1100 arg1 polymer 1129:1135 the backbone polymer 1116:1135 the backbone polymer of BC 1116:1141 A homogenous dispersion of P(3 HB) in the backbone polymer of BC was achieved as evident by the SEM micrographs. 25256467 8 64 theme -g-BC 1871:1875 arg1 HB 1868:1869 3 HB 1866:1869 3 HB 1866:1869 Laccase-assisted graft composite prepared from P(3 HB) and BC was fairly flexible and strong, judged by the tensile strength (64.5 MPa), elongations at break (15.7%), and Young's modulus (0.98 GPa) because inherently high strength of BC allowed the mechanical properties of P(3 HB) to improve in the P(3 HB)-g-BC composite. 25256467 8 64 theme -g-BC 1871:1875 arg1 composite 1877:1885 the P(3 HB)-g-BC composite 1860:1885 the P(3 HB)-g-BC composite 1860:1885 Laccase-assisted graft composite prepared from P(3 HB) and BC was fairly flexible and strong, judged by the tensile strength (64.5 MPa), elongations at break (15.7%), and Young's modulus (0.98 GPa) because inherently high strength of BC allowed the mechanical properties of P(3 HB) to improve in the P(3 HB)-g-BC composite. 25256467 2 65 theme straight-chain 521:534 arg1 polysaccharide 536:549 a straight-chain polysaccharide 519:549 a straight-chain polysaccharide 519:549 Herein, we report a mild and eco-friendly fabrication of indigenously isolated P(3 HB) based novel composites consisting of BC (a straight-chain polysaccharide) as a backbone polymer and laccase was used as a grafting tool. 25256467 2 65 theme straight-chain 521:534 arg1 BC 515:516 BC 515:516 BC (a straight-chain polysaccharide) as a backbone polymer and laccase was used as a grafting tool 515:612 Herein, we report a mild and eco-friendly fabrication of indigenously isolated P(3 HB) based novel composites consisting of BC (a straight-chain polysaccharide) as a backbone polymer and laccase was used as a grafting tool. 25256467 0 66 theme bacterial 62:70 arg1 polymer 94:100 the bacterial cellulose as backbone polymer 58:100 the bacterial cellulose as backbone polymer 58:100 Laccase-assisted grafting of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) onto the bacterial cellulose as backbone polymer: development and characterisation. 25256467 6 67 theme crystalline 1269:1279 arg1 nature 1281:1286 the crystalline nature 1265:1286 the crystalline nature of P(3 HB) 1265:1297 XRD pattern for P(3 HB) showed distinct peaks at 2θ values that represent the crystalline nature of P(3 HB). 25256467 8 68 from break 1716:1720 arg1 % 1727:1727 15.7% 1723:1727 15.7% 1723:1727 Laccase-assisted graft composite prepared from P(3 HB) and BC was fairly flexible and strong, judged by the tensile strength (64.5 MPa), elongations at break (15.7%), and Young's modulus (0.98 GPa) because inherently high strength of BC allowed the mechanical properties of P(3 HB) to improve in the P(3 HB)-g-BC composite. 25256467 8 68 from break 1716:1720 arg1 elongations 1701:1711 elongations 1701:1711 elongations at break (15.7%) 1701:1728 Laccase-assisted graft composite prepared from P(3 HB) and BC was fairly flexible and strong, judged by the tensile strength (64.5 MPa), elongations at break (15.7%), and Young's modulus (0.98 GPa) because inherently high strength of BC allowed the mechanical properties of P(3 HB) to improve in the P(3 HB)-g-BC composite. 25256467 0 69 theme as 82:83 arg1 polymer 94:100 the bacterial cellulose as backbone polymer 58:100 the bacterial cellulose as backbone polymer 58:100 Laccase-assisted grafting of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) onto the bacterial cellulose as backbone polymer: development and characterisation. 25256467 3 70 theme scanning 784:791 arg1 DSC 806:808 DSC 806:808 DSC 806:808 The resulting composites were characterised by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analyser (DMA) and water contact angle analyser (WCA). 25256467 3 70 theme scanning 784:791 arg1 calorimetry 793:803 differential scanning calorimetry 771:803 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 771:809 The resulting composites were characterised by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analyser (DMA) and water contact angle analyser (WCA). 25256467 1 71 theme bio-degradable 328:341 arg1 material 350:357 a bio-degradable matrix material 326:357 a bio-degradable matrix material derived from natural resources 326:388 Bacterial cellulose (BC) exhibits high purity, mechanical strength and an ultra-fine fibrous 3-D network structure with bio-compatible and bio-degradable characteristics, while P(3 HB) are a bio-degradable matrix material derived from natural resources. 25256467 1 71 theme bio-degradable 328:341 arg1 P 314:314 P 314:314 P(3 HB) 314:320 Bacterial cellulose (BC) exhibits high purity, mechanical strength and an ultra-fine fibrous 3-D network structure with bio-compatible and bio-degradable characteristics, while P(3 HB) are a bio-degradable matrix material derived from natural resources. 25256467 3 72 theme dynamic 812:818 arg1 DMA 841:843 DMA 841:843 DMA 841:843 The resulting composites were characterised by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analyser (DMA) and water contact angle analyser (WCA). 25256467 3 72 theme dynamic 812:818 arg1 analyser 831:838 dynamic mechanical analyser 812:838 dynamic mechanical analyser (DMA) 812:844 The resulting composites were characterised by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analyser (DMA) and water contact angle analyser (WCA). 25256467 2 73 theme composites 490:499 arg1 fabrication 433:443 a mild and eco-friendly fabrication 409:443 a mild and eco-friendly fabrication of indigenously isolated P(3 HB) based novel composites consisting of BC (a straight-chain polysaccharide) as a backbone polymer and laccase was used as a grafting tool 409:612 Herein, we report a mild and eco-friendly fabrication of indigenously isolated P(3 HB) based novel composites consisting of BC (a straight-chain polysaccharide) as a backbone polymer and laccase was used as a grafting tool. 25256467 2 74 theme grafting 600:607 arg1 tool 609:612 a grafting tool 598:612 a grafting tool 598:612 Herein, we report a mild and eco-friendly fabrication of indigenously isolated P(3 HB) based novel composites consisting of BC (a straight-chain polysaccharide) as a backbone polymer and laccase was used as a grafting tool. 25256467 2 74 theme grafting 600:607 arg1 polymer 566:572 a backbone polymer 555:572 a backbone polymer 555:572 Herein, we report a mild and eco-friendly fabrication of indigenously isolated P(3 HB) based novel composites consisting of BC (a straight-chain polysaccharide) as a backbone polymer and laccase was used as a grafting tool. 25256467 2 74 theme grafting 600:607 arg1 laccase 578:584 laccase 578:584 laccase 578:584 Herein, we report a mild and eco-friendly fabrication of indigenously isolated P(3 HB) based novel composites consisting of BC (a straight-chain polysaccharide) as a backbone polymer and laccase was used as a grafting tool. 25256467 9 75 theme -g-BC 1927:1931 arg1 property 1904:1911 The hydrophilic property 1888:1911 The hydrophilic property of the P(3 HB)-g-BC 1888:1931 The hydrophilic property of the P(3 HB)-g-BC was much better than that of the individual counterparts which is also a desired characteristic to enhance the biocompatibility of the materials for proper cell adhesion and proliferation. 25256467 9 75 theme -g-BC 1927:1931 arg1 better 1942:1947 better 1942:1947 better 1942:1947 The hydrophilic property of the P(3 HB)-g-BC was much better than that of the individual counterparts which is also a desired characteristic to enhance the biocompatibility of the materials for proper cell adhesion and proliferation. 25256467 2 76 theme based 478:482 arg1 composites 490:499 indigenously isolated P(3 HB) based novel composites 448:499 indigenously isolated P(3 HB) based novel composites consisting of BC (a straight-chain polysaccharide) as a backbone polymer and laccase was used as a grafting tool 448:612 Herein, we report a mild and eco-friendly fabrication of indigenously isolated P(3 HB) based novel composites consisting of BC (a straight-chain polysaccharide) as a backbone polymer and laccase was used as a grafting tool. 25256467 2 77 theme eco-friendly 420:431 arg1 fabrication 433:443 a mild and eco-friendly fabrication 409:443 a mild and eco-friendly fabrication of indigenously isolated P(3 HB) based novel composites consisting of BC (a straight-chain polysaccharide) as a backbone polymer and laccase was used as a grafting tool 409:612 Herein, we report a mild and eco-friendly fabrication of indigenously isolated P(3 HB) based novel composites consisting of BC (a straight-chain polysaccharide) as a backbone polymer and laccase was used as a grafting tool. 25256467 0 78 theme poly 29:32 arg1 grafting 17:24 Laccase-assisted grafting 0:24 Laccase-assisted grafting of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) onto the bacterial cellulose as backbone polymer: development and characterisation. 0:135 Laccase-assisted grafting of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) onto the bacterial cellulose as backbone polymer: development and characterisation. 25256467 2 79 theme mild 411:414 arg1 fabrication 433:443 a mild and eco-friendly fabrication 409:443 a mild and eco-friendly fabrication of indigenously isolated P(3 HB) based novel composites consisting of BC (a straight-chain polysaccharide) as a backbone polymer and laccase was used as a grafting tool 409:612 Herein, we report a mild and eco-friendly fabrication of indigenously isolated P(3 HB) based novel composites consisting of BC (a straight-chain polysaccharide) as a backbone polymer and laccase was used as a grafting tool. 25256467 5 80 theme homogenous 1080:1089 arg1 dispersion 1091:1100 A homogenous dispersion 1078:1100 A homogenous dispersion of P(3 HB) in the backbone polymer of BC 1078:1141 A homogenous dispersion of P(3 HB) in the backbone polymer of BC was achieved as evident by the SEM micrographs. 25256467 8 81 theme high 1781:1784 arg1 strength 1786:1793 inherently high strength 1770:1793 inherently high strength of BC 1770:1799 Laccase-assisted graft composite prepared from P(3 HB) and BC was fairly flexible and strong, judged by the tensile strength (64.5 MPa), elongations at break (15.7%), and Young's modulus (0.98 GPa) because inherently high strength of BC allowed the mechanical properties of P(3 HB) to improve in the P(3 HB)-g-BC composite. 25256467 3 82 theme contact 856:862 arg1 WCA 880:882 WCA 880:882 WCA 880:882 The resulting composites were characterised by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analyser (DMA) and water contact angle analyser (WCA). 25256467 3 82 theme contact 856:862 arg1 analyser 870:877 water contact angle analyser 850:877 water contact angle analyser (WCA) 850:883 The resulting composites were characterised by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analyser (DMA) and water contact angle analyser (WCA). 25256467 8 83 theme tensile 1672:1678 arg1 strength 1680:1687 the tensile strength 1668:1687 the tensile strength (64.5 MPa) 1668:1698 Laccase-assisted graft composite prepared from P(3 HB) and BC was fairly flexible and strong, judged by the tensile strength (64.5 MPa), elongations at break (15.7%), and Young's modulus (0.98 GPa) because inherently high strength of BC allowed the mechanical properties of P(3 HB) to improve in the P(3 HB)-g-BC composite. 25256467 8 83 theme tensile 1672:1678 arg1 MPa 1695:1697 64.5 MPa 1690:1697 64.5 MPa 1690:1697 Laccase-assisted graft composite prepared from P(3 HB) and BC was fairly flexible and strong, judged by the tensile strength (64.5 MPa), elongations at break (15.7%), and Young's modulus (0.98 GPa) because inherently high strength of BC allowed the mechanical properties of P(3 HB) to improve in the P(3 HB)-g-BC composite. 25256467 2 84 theme isolated 461:468 arg1 HB 474:475 3 HB 472:475 3 HB 472:475 Herein, we report a mild and eco-friendly fabrication of indigenously isolated P(3 HB) based novel composites consisting of BC (a straight-chain polysaccharide) as a backbone polymer and laccase was used as a grafting tool. 25256467 2 84 theme isolated 461:468 arg1 P 470:470 indigenously isolated P 448:470 indigenously isolated P(3 HB) based novel composites consisting of BC (a straight-chain polysaccharide) as a backbone polymer and laccase was used as a grafting tool 448:612 Herein, we report a mild and eco-friendly fabrication of indigenously isolated P(3 HB) based novel composites consisting of BC (a straight-chain polysaccharide) as a backbone polymer and laccase was used as a grafting tool. 25256467 8 85 theme graft 1581:1585 arg1 composite 1587:1595 Laccase-assisted graft composite 1564:1595 Laccase-assisted graft composite prepared from P(3 HB) and BC 1564:1624 Laccase-assisted graft composite prepared from P(3 HB) and BC was fairly flexible and strong, judged by the tensile strength (64.5 MPa), elongations at break (15.7%), and Young's modulus (0.98 GPa) because inherently high strength of BC allowed the mechanical properties of P(3 HB) to improve in the P(3 HB)-g-BC composite. 25256467 1 86 with purity 176:181 arg1 characteristics 291:305 bio-compatible and bio-degradable characteristics 257:305 bio-compatible and bio-degradable characteristics 257:305 Bacterial cellulose (BC) exhibits high purity, mechanical strength and an ultra-fine fibrous 3-D network structure with bio-compatible and bio-degradable characteristics, while P(3 HB) are a bio-degradable matrix material derived from natural resources. 25256467 4 87 theme P 915:915 arg1 [P 963:964 the pure P(3 HB) and P(3 HB) containing graft composites [P 906:964 the pure P(3 HB) and P(3 HB) containing graft composites [P(3 HB)-g-BC] 906:976 The FTIR spectra of the pure P(3 HB) and P(3 HB) containing graft composites [P(3 HB)-g-BC] showed their strong characteristic bands at 3358 cm(-1), 1721 cm(-1) and 1651 cm(-1), respectively. 25256467 4 87 theme P 915:915 arg1 HB 968:969 3 HB 966:969 3 HB 966:969 The FTIR spectra of the pure P(3 HB) and P(3 HB) containing graft composites [P(3 HB)-g-BC] showed their strong characteristic bands at 3358 cm(-1), 1721 cm(-1) and 1651 cm(-1), respectively. 25256467 7 88 theme P 1469:1469 arg1 cross-linking 1452:1464 the new cross-linking 1444:1464 the new cross-linking of P(3 HB) 1444:1475 While, in comparison with those of neat P(3 HB), the degree of crystallinity for P(3 HB)-g-BC decreased and this reduction is mainly because of the new cross-linking of P(3 HB) within the backbone polymer that changes the morphology and destroys the crystallites. 25256467 7 89 theme new 1448:1450 arg1 cross-linking 1452:1464 the new cross-linking 1444:1464 the new cross-linking of P(3 HB) 1444:1475 While, in comparison with those of neat P(3 HB), the degree of crystallinity for P(3 HB)-g-BC decreased and this reduction is mainly because of the new cross-linking of P(3 HB) within the backbone polymer that changes the morphology and destroys the crystallites. 25256467 1 90 theme fibrous 222:228 arg1 structure 242:250 an ultra-fine fibrous 3-D network structure 208:250 an ultra-fine fibrous 3-D network structure with bio-compatible and bio-degradable characteristics 208:305 Bacterial cellulose (BC) exhibits high purity, mechanical strength and an ultra-fine fibrous 3-D network structure with bio-compatible and bio-degradable characteristics, while P(3 HB) are a bio-degradable matrix material derived from natural resources. 25256467 8 91 theme mechanical 1813:1822 arg1 properties 1824:1833 the mechanical properties 1809:1833 the mechanical properties of P(3 HB) 1809:1844 Laccase-assisted graft composite prepared from P(3 HB) and BC was fairly flexible and strong, judged by the tensile strength (64.5 MPa), elongations at break (15.7%), and Young's modulus (0.98 GPa) because inherently high strength of BC allowed the mechanical properties of P(3 HB) to improve in the P(3 HB)-g-BC composite. 25256467 0 92 dep grafting 17:24 arg1 characterisation 119:134 characterisation 119:134 characterisation 119:134 Laccase-assisted grafting of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) onto the bacterial cellulose as backbone polymer: development and characterisation. 25256467 0 92 dep grafting 17:24 arg1 development 103:113 development 103:113 development 103:113 Laccase-assisted grafting of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) onto the bacterial cellulose as backbone polymer: development and characterisation. 25256467 4 93 theme graft 946:950 arg1 composites 952:961 graft composites 946:961 graft composites 946:961 The FTIR spectra of the pure P(3 HB) and P(3 HB) containing graft composites [P(3 HB)-g-BC] showed their strong characteristic bands at 3358 cm(-1), 1721 cm(-1) and 1651 cm(-1), respectively. 25256467 3 94 theme Fourier-transform 662:678 arg1 FTIR 703:706 FTIR 703:706 FTIR 703:706 The resulting composites were characterised by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analyser (DMA) and water contact angle analyser (WCA). 25256467 3 94 theme Fourier-transform 662:678 arg1 spectroscopy 689:700 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy 662:700 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 662:707 The resulting composites were characterised by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analyser (DMA) and water contact angle analyser (WCA). 25256467 1 95 theme network 234:240 arg1 structure 242:250 an ultra-fine fibrous 3-D network structure 208:250 an ultra-fine fibrous 3-D network structure with bio-compatible and bio-degradable characteristics 208:305 Bacterial cellulose (BC) exhibits high purity, mechanical strength and an ultra-fine fibrous 3-D network structure with bio-compatible and bio-degradable characteristics, while P(3 HB) are a bio-degradable matrix material derived from natural resources. 28912798 6 0 theme glycans 803:809 arg1 cleavage 791:798 the cleavage 787:798 the cleavage of glycans 787:809 Commensals are mostly involved in the cleavage of glycans, while pathogens mostly utilize monosaccharides released by commensals. 28912798 3 1 theme human 531:535 arg1 HGM 553:555 HGM 553:555 HGM 553:555 The outer layer is inhabited by various representatives of the human gut microbiota (HGM). 28912798 3 1 theme human 531:535 arg1 microbiota 541:550 the human gut microbiota 527:550 the human gut microbiota (HGM) 527:556 The outer layer is inhabited by various representatives of the human gut microbiota (HGM). 28912798 12 2 theme potential 1716:1724 arg1 pathways 1734:1741 potential feeding pathways 1716:1741 potential feeding pathways for the monosaccharides derived from cleaved mucin glycans 1716:1800 (iv) Eighty-five percent of the analyzed genomes may be involved in potential feeding pathways for the monosaccharides derived from cleaved mucin glycans. 28912798 11 3 dep identified 1512:1521 arg1 iii 1478:1480 iii 1478:1480 iii 1478:1480 (iii) Comparative genomic analysis identified four alternative forms of the monosaccharide-catabolizing enzymes and four alternative forms of monosaccharide transporters. 28912798 0 4 theme Monosaccharides 195:209 arg1 Glycans 154:160 Host-Synthetized Mucin Glycans 131:160 Host-Synthetized Mucin Glycans 131:160 Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Human Gut Microbiome Reveals a Broad Distribution of Metabolic Pathways for the Degradation of Host-Synthetized Mucin Glycans and Utilization of Mucin-Derived Monosaccharides. 28912798 0 4 theme Monosaccharides 195:209 arg1 Utilization 166:176 Utilization 166:176 Utilization of Mucin-Derived Monosaccharides 166:209 Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Human Gut Microbiome Reveals a Broad Distribution of Metabolic Pathways for the Degradation of Host-Synthetized Mucin Glycans and Utilization of Mucin-Derived Monosaccharides. 28912798 8 5 theme derived 1178:1184 arg1 monosaccharides 1186:1200 the derived monosaccharides 1174:1200 the derived monosaccharides 1174:1200 Here, we analyzed 397 individual HGM genomes to identify pathways for the cleavage of host-synthetized mucin glycans to monosaccharides as well as for the catabolism of the derived monosaccharides. 28912798 4 6 theme energy 637:642 arg1 source 616:621 a source 614:621 a source of carbon and energy 614:642 Glycans of the colonic mucus can be used by the HGM as a source of carbon and energy when dietary fibers are not sufficiently available. 28912798 4 6 theme energy 637:642 arg1 Glycans 559:565 Glycans 559:565 Glycans of the colonic mucus 559:586 Glycans of the colonic mucus can be used by the HGM as a source of carbon and energy when dietary fibers are not sufficiently available. 28912798 11 7 theme monosaccharide 1619:1632 arg1 transporters 1634:1645 monosaccharide transporters 1619:1645 monosaccharide transporters 1619:1645 (iii) Comparative genomic analysis identified four alternative forms of the monosaccharide-catabolizing enzymes and four alternative forms of monosaccharide transporters. 28912798 4 8 used used 595:598 arg2 Glycans 559:565 Glycans 559:565 Glycans of the colonic mucus 559:586 Glycans of the colonic mucus can be used by the HGM as a source of carbon and energy when dietary fibers are not sufficiently available. 28912798 4 8 used used 595:598 arg2 source 616:621 a source 614:621 a source of carbon and energy 614:642 Glycans of the colonic mucus can be used by the HGM as a source of carbon and energy when dietary fibers are not sufficiently available. 28912798 4 9 theme dietary 649:655 arg1 fibers 657:662 dietary fibers 649:662 dietary fibers 649:662 Glycans of the colonic mucus can be used by the HGM as a source of carbon and energy when dietary fibers are not sufficiently available. 28912798 11 10 theme Comparative 1483:1493 arg1 analysis 1503:1510 Comparative genomic analysis 1483:1510 Comparative genomic analysis 1483:1510 (iii) Comparative genomic analysis identified four alternative forms of the monosaccharide-catabolizing enzymes and four alternative forms of monosaccharide transporters. 28912798 9 11 located found 1284:1288 arg1 genomes 1313:1319 the analyzed genomes 1300:1319 the analyzed genomes 1300:1319 Our key results are as follows: (i) Genes for the cleavage of mucin glycans were found in 86% of the analyzed genomes, which significantly higher than a previous estimation. 28912798 9 11 located found 1284:1288 arg2 Genes 1239:1243 Genes 1239:1243 Genes for the cleavage of mucin glycans 1239:1277 Our key results are as follows: (i) Genes for the cleavage of mucin glycans were found in 86% of the analyzed genomes, which significantly higher than a previous estimation. 28912798 9 11 located found 1284:1288 arg1 % 1295:1295 86% 1293:1295 86% of the analyzed genomes, which significantly higher than a previous estimation 1293:1374 Our key results are as follows: (i) Genes for the cleavage of mucin glycans were found in 86% of the analyzed genomes, which significantly higher than a previous estimation. 28912798 1 12 theme colonic 216:222 arg1 structure 261:269 a dynamic and complex structure 239:269 a dynamic and complex structure 239:269 The colonic mucus layer is a dynamic and complex structure formed by secreted and transmembrane mucins, which are high-molecular-weight and heavily glycosylated proteins. 28912798 1 12 theme colonic 216:222 arg1 proteins 373:380 high-molecular-weight and heavily glycosylated proteins 326:380 high-molecular-weight and heavily glycosylated proteins 326:380 The colonic mucus layer is a dynamic and complex structure formed by secreted and transmembrane mucins, which are high-molecular-weight and heavily glycosylated proteins. 28912798 1 12 theme colonic 216:222 arg1 layer 230:234 The colonic mucus layer 212:234 The colonic mucus layer 212:234 The colonic mucus layer is a dynamic and complex structure formed by secreted and transmembrane mucins, which are high-molecular-weight and heavily glycosylated proteins. 28912798 4 13 theme carbon 626:631 arg1 source 616:621 a source 614:621 a source of carbon and energy 614:642 Glycans of the colonic mucus can be used by the HGM as a source of carbon and energy when dietary fibers are not sufficiently available. 28912798 4 13 theme carbon 626:631 arg1 Glycans 559:565 Glycans 559:565 Glycans of the colonic mucus 559:586 Glycans of the colonic mucus can be used by the HGM as a source of carbon and energy when dietary fibers are not sufficiently available. 28912798 15 14 theme mutualistic 2065:2075 arg1 pairs 2077:2081 mutualistic pairs 2065:2081 mutualistic pairs that are able to degrade mucin glycans and are not degradable by any of the paired organisms alone 2065:2180 (vi) Eighty-two percent of the analyzed genomes can form mutualistic pairs that are able to degrade mucin glycans and are not degradable by any of the paired organisms alone. 28912798 12 15 attach derived 1767:1773 arg1 glycans 1794:1800 cleaved mucin glycans 1780:1800 cleaved mucin glycans 1780:1800 (iv) Eighty-five percent of the analyzed genomes may be involved in potential feeding pathways for the monosaccharides derived from cleaved mucin glycans. 28912798 12 15 attach derived 1767:1773 arg2 monosaccharides 1751:1765 the monosaccharides 1747:1765 the monosaccharides derived from cleaved mucin glycans 1747:1800 (iv) Eighty-five percent of the analyzed genomes may be involved in potential feeding pathways for the monosaccharides derived from cleaved mucin glycans. 28912798 0 16 theme Mucin 148:152 arg1 Glycans 154:160 Host-Synthetized Mucin Glycans 131:160 Host-Synthetized Mucin Glycans 131:160 Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Human Gut Microbiome Reveals a Broad Distribution of Metabolic Pathways for the Degradation of Host-Synthetized Mucin Glycans and Utilization of Mucin-Derived Monosaccharides. 28912798 15 17 dep form 2060:2063 arg1 vi 2009:2010 vi 2009:2010 vi 2009:2010 (vi) Eighty-two percent of the analyzed genomes can form mutualistic pairs that are able to degrade mucin glycans and are not degradable by any of the paired organisms alone. 28912798 12 18 dep involved 1704:1711 arg1 iv 1649:1650 iv 1649:1650 iv 1649:1650 (iv) Eighty-five percent of the analyzed genomes may be involved in potential feeding pathways for the monosaccharides derived from cleaved mucin glycans. 28912798 8 19 link derived 1178:1184 arg1 monosaccharides 1186:1200 the derived monosaccharides 1174:1200 the derived monosaccharides 1174:1200 Here, we analyzed 397 individual HGM genomes to identify pathways for the cleavage of host-synthetized mucin glycans to monosaccharides as well as for the catabolism of the derived monosaccharides. 28912798 12 20 theme genomes 1689:1695 arg1 percent 1665:1671 Eighty-five percent 1653:1671 Eighty-five percent of the analyzed genomes 1653:1695 (iv) Eighty-five percent of the analyzed genomes may be involved in potential feeding pathways for the monosaccharides derived from cleaved mucin glycans. 28912798 7 21 theme health 987:992 arg1 disorders 994:1002 many other health disorders 976:1002 many other health disorders 976:1002 This HGM-derived degradation of the mucus layer increases pathogen susceptibility and causes many other health disorders. 28912798 10 22 located found 1439:1443 arg2 Genes 1382:1386 (ii) Genes 1377:1386 (ii) Genes for the catabolism of derived monosaccharides 1377:1432 (ii) Genes for the catabolism of derived monosaccharides were found in 89% of the analyzed genomes. 28912798 10 22 located found 1439:1443 arg1 % 1450:1450 89% 1448:1450 89% of the analyzed genomes 1448:1474 (ii) Genes for the catabolism of derived monosaccharides were found in 89% of the analyzed genomes. 28912798 10 22 located found 1439:1443 arg1 genomes 1468:1474 the analyzed genomes 1455:1474 the analyzed genomes 1455:1474 (ii) Genes for the catabolism of derived monosaccharides were found in 89% of the analyzed genomes. 28912798 16 23 theme further 2222:2228 arg1 insight 2230:2236 further insight 2222:2236 further insight into the inter-microbial communications of the HGM as well as into host-HGM interactions 2222:2325 Taken together, these findings provide further insight into the inter-microbial communications of the HGM as well as into host-HGM interactions. 28912798 0 24 theme Broad 67:71 arg1 Distribution 73:84 a Broad Distribution 65:84 a Broad Distribution of Metabolic Pathways for the Degradation of Host-Synthetized Mucin Glycans and Utilization of Mucin-Derived Monosaccharides 65:209 Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Human Gut Microbiome Reveals a Broad Distribution of Metabolic Pathways for the Degradation of Host-Synthetized Mucin Glycans and Utilization of Mucin-Derived Monosaccharides. 28912798 1 25 theme glycosylated 360:371 arg1 structure 261:269 a dynamic and complex structure 239:269 a dynamic and complex structure 239:269 The colonic mucus layer is a dynamic and complex structure formed by secreted and transmembrane mucins, which are high-molecular-weight and heavily glycosylated proteins. 28912798 1 25 theme glycosylated 360:371 arg1 proteins 373:380 high-molecular-weight and heavily glycosylated proteins 326:380 high-molecular-weight and heavily glycosylated proteins 326:380 The colonic mucus layer is a dynamic and complex structure formed by secreted and transmembrane mucins, which are high-molecular-weight and heavily glycosylated proteins. 28912798 1 25 theme glycosylated 360:371 arg1 layer 230:234 The colonic mucus layer 212:234 The colonic mucus layer 212:234 The colonic mucus layer is a dynamic and complex structure formed by secreted and transmembrane mucins, which are high-molecular-weight and heavily glycosylated proteins. 28912798 8 26 theme individual 1027:1036 arg1 genomes 1042:1048 397 individual HGM genomes 1023:1048 397 individual HGM genomes 1023:1048 Here, we analyzed 397 individual HGM genomes to identify pathways for the cleavage of host-synthetized mucin glycans to monosaccharides as well as for the catabolism of the derived monosaccharides. 28912798 7 27 theme many 976:979 arg1 disorders 994:1002 many other health disorders 976:1002 many other health disorders 976:1002 This HGM-derived degradation of the mucus layer increases pathogen susceptibility and causes many other health disorders. 28912798 13 28 theme known 1872:1876 arg1 glycans 1884:1890 known mucin glycans 1872:1890 known mucin glycans 1872:1890 (v) The analyzed genomes demonstrated different abilities to degrade known mucin glycans. 28912798 9 29 dep higher 1342:1347 arg1 genomes 1313:1319 the analyzed genomes 1300:1319 the analyzed genomes 1300:1319 Our key results are as follows: (i) Genes for the cleavage of mucin glycans were found in 86% of the analyzed genomes, which significantly higher than a previous estimation. 28912798 2 30 theme outer 417:421 arg1 layer 423:427 a loose outer layer 409:427 a loose outer layer 409:427 Colonic mucus consists of a loose outer layer and a dense epithelium-attached layer. 28912798 0 31 theme Pathways 99:106 arg1 Distribution 73:84 a Broad Distribution 65:84 a Broad Distribution of Metabolic Pathways for the Degradation of Host-Synthetized Mucin Glycans and Utilization of Mucin-Derived Monosaccharides 65:209 Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Human Gut Microbiome Reveals a Broad Distribution of Metabolic Pathways for the Degradation of Host-Synthetized Mucin Glycans and Utilization of Mucin-Derived Monosaccharides. 28912798 7 32 theme pathogen 941:948 arg1 susceptibility 950:963 pathogen susceptibility 941:963 pathogen susceptibility 941:963 This HGM-derived degradation of the mucus layer increases pathogen susceptibility and causes many other health disorders. 28912798 10 33 theme derived 1410:1416 arg1 monosaccharides 1418:1432 derived monosaccharides 1410:1432 derived monosaccharides 1410:1432 (ii) Genes for the catabolism of derived monosaccharides were found in 89% of the analyzed genomes. 28912798 13 34 theme different 1841:1849 arg1 abilities 1851:1859 different abilities 1841:1859 different abilities to degrade known mucin glycans 1841:1890 (v) The analyzed genomes demonstrated different abilities to degrade known mucin glycans. 28912798 0 35 theme Comparative 0:10 arg1 Analysis 20:27 Comparative Genomic Analysis 0:27 Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Human Gut Microbiome 0:55 Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Human Gut Microbiome Reveals a Broad Distribution of Metabolic Pathways for the Degradation of Host-Synthetized Mucin Glycans and Utilization of Mucin-Derived Monosaccharides. 28912798 7 36 theme layer 925:929 arg1 degradation 900:910 This HGM-derived degradation 883:910 This HGM-derived degradation of the mucus layer 883:929 This HGM-derived degradation of the mucus layer increases pathogen susceptibility and causes many other health disorders. 28912798 14 37 theme mucin 1948:1952 arg1 glycan 1954:1959 mucin glycan 1948:1959 mucin glycan 1948:1959 Generally, the ability to degrade at least one type of mucin glycan was predicted for 81% of the analyzed genomes. 28912798 2 38 theme dense 435:439 arg1 layer 461:465 a dense epithelium-attached layer 433:465 a dense epithelium-attached layer 433:465 Colonic mucus consists of a loose outer layer and a dense epithelium-attached layer. 28912798 9 39 theme analyzed 1304:1311 arg1 genomes 1313:1319 the analyzed genomes 1300:1319 the analyzed genomes 1300:1319 Our key results are as follows: (i) Genes for the cleavage of mucin glycans were found in 86% of the analyzed genomes, which significantly higher than a previous estimation. 28912798 3 40 theme outer 472:476 arg1 layer 478:482 The outer layer 468:482 The outer layer 468:482 The outer layer is inhabited by various representatives of the human gut microbiota (HGM). 28912798 15 41 theme paired 2159:2164 arg1 organisms 2166:2174 the paired organisms 2155:2174 the paired organisms 2155:2174 (vi) Eighty-two percent of the analyzed genomes can form mutualistic pairs that are able to degrade mucin glycans and are not degradable by any of the paired organisms alone. 28912798 8 42 theme host-synthetized 1091:1106 arg1 glycans 1114:1120 host-synthetized mucin glycans 1091:1120 host-synthetized mucin glycans 1091:1120 Here, we analyzed 397 individual HGM genomes to identify pathways for the cleavage of host-synthetized mucin glycans to monosaccharides as well as for the catabolism of the derived monosaccharides. 28912798 12 43 theme mucin 1788:1792 arg1 glycans 1794:1800 cleaved mucin glycans 1780:1800 cleaved mucin glycans 1780:1800 (iv) Eighty-five percent of the analyzed genomes may be involved in potential feeding pathways for the monosaccharides derived from cleaved mucin glycans. 28912798 10 44 theme genomes 1468:1474 arg1 % 1450:1450 89% 1448:1450 89% of the analyzed genomes 1448:1474 (ii) Genes for the catabolism of derived monosaccharides were found in 89% of the analyzed genomes. 28912798 10 44 theme genomes 1468:1474 arg1 genomes 1468:1474 the analyzed genomes 1455:1474 the analyzed genomes 1455:1474 (ii) Genes for the catabolism of derived monosaccharides were found in 89% of the analyzed genomes. 28912798 7 45 link HGM-derived 888:898 arg1 degradation 900:910 This HGM-derived degradation 883:910 This HGM-derived degradation of the mucus layer 883:929 This HGM-derived degradation of the mucus layer increases pathogen susceptibility and causes many other health disorders. 28912798 0 46 theme Gut 42:44 arg1 Microbiome 46:55 the Human Gut Microbiome 32:55 the Human Gut Microbiome 32:55 Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Human Gut Microbiome Reveals a Broad Distribution of Metabolic Pathways for the Degradation of Host-Synthetized Mucin Glycans and Utilization of Mucin-Derived Monosaccharides. 28912798 8 47 theme glycans 1114:1120 arg1 cleavage 1079:1086 the cleavage 1075:1086 the cleavage of host-synthetized mucin glycans to monosaccharides 1075:1139 Here, we analyzed 397 individual HGM genomes to identify pathways for the cleavage of host-synthetized mucin glycans to monosaccharides as well as for the catabolism of the derived monosaccharides. 28912798 15 48 theme analyzed 2039:2046 arg1 genomes 2048:2054 the analyzed genomes 2035:2054 the analyzed genomes 2035:2054 (vi) Eighty-two percent of the analyzed genomes can form mutualistic pairs that are able to degrade mucin glycans and are not degradable by any of the paired organisms alone. 28912798 11 49 theme alternative 1528:1538 arg1 forms 1540:1544 four alternative forms 1523:1544 four alternative forms of the monosaccharide-catabolizing enzymes 1523:1587 (iii) Comparative genomic analysis identified four alternative forms of the monosaccharide-catabolizing enzymes and four alternative forms of monosaccharide transporters. 28912798 7 50 theme mucus 919:923 arg1 layer 925:929 the mucus layer 915:929 the mucus layer 915:929 This HGM-derived degradation of the mucus layer increases pathogen susceptibility and causes many other health disorders. 28912798 13 51 dep demonstrated 1828:1839 arg1 v 1804:1804 v 1804:1804 v 1804:1804 (v) The analyzed genomes demonstrated different abilities to degrade known mucin glycans. 28912798 3 52 theme gut 537:539 arg1 HGM 553:555 HGM 553:555 HGM 553:555 The outer layer is inhabited by various representatives of the human gut microbiota (HGM). 28912798 3 52 theme gut 537:539 arg1 microbiota 541:550 the human gut microbiota 527:550 the human gut microbiota (HGM) 527:556 The outer layer is inhabited by various representatives of the human gut microbiota (HGM). 28912798 9 53 theme previous 1356:1363 arg1 estimation 1365:1374 a previous estimation 1354:1374 a previous estimation 1354:1374 Our key results are as follows: (i) Genes for the cleavage of mucin glycans were found in 86% of the analyzed genomes, which significantly higher than a previous estimation. 28912798 9 54 theme glycans 1271:1277 arg1 cleavage 1253:1260 the cleavage 1249:1260 the cleavage of mucin glycans 1249:1277 Our key results are as follows: (i) Genes for the cleavage of mucin glycans were found in 86% of the analyzed genomes, which significantly higher than a previous estimation. 28912798 0 55 theme Mucin-Derived 181:193 arg1 Monosaccharides 195:209 Mucin-Derived Monosaccharides 181:209 Mucin-Derived Monosaccharides 181:209 Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Human Gut Microbiome Reveals a Broad Distribution of Metabolic Pathways for the Degradation of Host-Synthetized Mucin Glycans and Utilization of Mucin-Derived Monosaccharides. 28912798 11 56 theme monosaccharide-catabolizing 1553:1579 arg1 enzymes 1581:1587 the monosaccharide-catabolizing enzymes 1549:1587 the monosaccharide-catabolizing enzymes 1549:1587 (iii) Comparative genomic analysis identified four alternative forms of the monosaccharide-catabolizing enzymes and four alternative forms of monosaccharide transporters. 28912798 2 57 theme Colonic 383:389 arg1 mucus 391:395 Colonic mucus 383:395 Colonic mucus 383:395 Colonic mucus consists of a loose outer layer and a dense epithelium-attached layer. 28912798 7 58 theme HGM-derived 888:898 arg1 degradation 900:910 This HGM-derived degradation 883:910 This HGM-derived degradation of the mucus layer 883:929 This HGM-derived degradation of the mucus layer increases pathogen susceptibility and causes many other health disorders. 28912798 1 59 theme complex 253:259 arg1 structure 261:269 a dynamic and complex structure 239:269 a dynamic and complex structure 239:269 The colonic mucus layer is a dynamic and complex structure formed by secreted and transmembrane mucins, which are high-molecular-weight and heavily glycosylated proteins. 28912798 1 59 theme complex 253:259 arg1 proteins 373:380 high-molecular-weight and heavily glycosylated proteins 326:380 high-molecular-weight and heavily glycosylated proteins 326:380 The colonic mucus layer is a dynamic and complex structure formed by secreted and transmembrane mucins, which are high-molecular-weight and heavily glycosylated proteins. 28912798 1 59 theme complex 253:259 arg1 layer 230:234 The colonic mucus layer 212:234 The colonic mucus layer 212:234 The colonic mucus layer is a dynamic and complex structure formed by secreted and transmembrane mucins, which are high-molecular-weight and heavily glycosylated proteins. 28912798 12 60 theme feeding 1726:1732 arg1 pathways 1734:1741 potential feeding pathways 1716:1741 potential feeding pathways for the monosaccharides derived from cleaved mucin glycans 1716:1800 (iv) Eighty-five percent of the analyzed genomes may be involved in potential feeding pathways for the monosaccharides derived from cleaved mucin glycans. 28912798 4 61 theme mucus 582:586 arg1 source 616:621 a source 614:621 a source of carbon and energy 614:642 Glycans of the colonic mucus can be used by the HGM as a source of carbon and energy when dietary fibers are not sufficiently available. 28912798 4 61 theme mucus 582:586 arg1 Glycans 559:565 Glycans 559:565 Glycans of the colonic mucus 559:586 Glycans of the colonic mucus can be used by the HGM as a source of carbon and energy when dietary fibers are not sufficiently available. 28912798 11 62 theme alternative 1598:1608 arg1 forms 1610:1614 four alternative forms 1593:1614 four alternative forms of monosaccharide transporters 1593:1645 (iii) Comparative genomic analysis identified four alternative forms of the monosaccharide-catabolizing enzymes and four alternative forms of monosaccharide transporters. 28912798 16 63 theme inter-microbial 2247:2261 arg1 communications 2263:2276 the inter-microbial communications 2243:2276 the inter-microbial communications of the HGM 2243:2287 Taken together, these findings provide further insight into the inter-microbial communications of the HGM as well as into host-HGM interactions. 28912798 9 64 theme key 1207:1209 arg1 results 1211:1217 Our key results 1203:1217 Our key results 1203:1217 Our key results are as follows: (i) Genes for the cleavage of mucin glycans were found in 86% of the analyzed genomes, which significantly higher than a previous estimation. 28912798 11 65 theme transporters 1634:1645 arg1 forms 1540:1544 four alternative forms 1523:1544 four alternative forms of the monosaccharide-catabolizing enzymes 1523:1587 (iii) Comparative genomic analysis identified four alternative forms of the monosaccharide-catabolizing enzymes and four alternative forms of monosaccharide transporters. 28912798 11 65 theme transporters 1634:1645 arg1 forms 1610:1614 four alternative forms 1593:1614 four alternative forms of monosaccharide transporters 1593:1645 (iii) Comparative genomic analysis identified four alternative forms of the monosaccharide-catabolizing enzymes and four alternative forms of monosaccharide transporters. 28912798 16 66 theme HGM 2285:2287 arg1 communications 2263:2276 the inter-microbial communications 2243:2276 the inter-microbial communications of the HGM 2243:2287 Taken together, these findings provide further insight into the inter-microbial communications of the HGM as well as into host-HGM interactions. 28912798 1 67 gly glycosylated 360:371 arg1 structure 261:269 a dynamic and complex structure 239:269 a dynamic and complex structure 239:269 The colonic mucus layer is a dynamic and complex structure formed by secreted and transmembrane mucins, which are high-molecular-weight and heavily glycosylated proteins. 28912798 1 67 gly glycosylated 360:371 arg1 proteins 373:380 high-molecular-weight and heavily glycosylated proteins 326:380 high-molecular-weight and heavily glycosylated proteins 326:380 The colonic mucus layer is a dynamic and complex structure formed by secreted and transmembrane mucins, which are high-molecular-weight and heavily glycosylated proteins. 28912798 1 67 gly glycosylated 360:371 arg1 layer 230:234 The colonic mucus layer 212:234 The colonic mucus layer 212:234 The colonic mucus layer is a dynamic and complex structure formed by secreted and transmembrane mucins, which are high-molecular-weight and heavily glycosylated proteins. 28912798 8 68 theme monosaccharides 1186:1200 arg1 catabolism 1160:1169 the catabolism 1156:1169 the catabolism of the derived monosaccharides 1156:1200 Here, we analyzed 397 individual HGM genomes to identify pathways for the cleavage of host-synthetized mucin glycans to monosaccharides as well as for the catabolism of the derived monosaccharides. 28912798 11 69 theme genomic 1495:1501 arg1 analysis 1503:1510 Comparative genomic analysis 1483:1510 Comparative genomic analysis 1483:1510 (iii) Comparative genomic analysis identified four alternative forms of the monosaccharide-catabolizing enzymes and four alternative forms of monosaccharide transporters. 28912798 0 70 theme Host-Synthetized 131:146 arg1 Glycans 154:160 Host-Synthetized Mucin Glycans 131:160 Host-Synthetized Mucin Glycans 131:160 Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Human Gut Microbiome Reveals a Broad Distribution of Metabolic Pathways for the Degradation of Host-Synthetized Mucin Glycans and Utilization of Mucin-Derived Monosaccharides. 28912798 1 71 theme mucus 224:228 arg1 structure 261:269 a dynamic and complex structure 239:269 a dynamic and complex structure 239:269 The colonic mucus layer is a dynamic and complex structure formed by secreted and transmembrane mucins, which are high-molecular-weight and heavily glycosylated proteins. 28912798 1 71 theme mucus 224:228 arg1 proteins 373:380 high-molecular-weight and heavily glycosylated proteins 326:380 high-molecular-weight and heavily glycosylated proteins 326:380 The colonic mucus layer is a dynamic and complex structure formed by secreted and transmembrane mucins, which are high-molecular-weight and heavily glycosylated proteins. 28912798 1 71 theme mucus 224:228 arg1 layer 230:234 The colonic mucus layer 212:234 The colonic mucus layer 212:234 The colonic mucus layer is a dynamic and complex structure formed by secreted and transmembrane mucins, which are high-molecular-weight and heavily glycosylated proteins. 28912798 0 72 theme Glycans 154:160 arg1 Degradation 116:126 the Degradation 112:126 the Degradation of Host-Synthetized Mucin Glycans and Utilization of Mucin-Derived Monosaccharides 112:209 Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Human Gut Microbiome Reveals a Broad Distribution of Metabolic Pathways for the Degradation of Host-Synthetized Mucin Glycans and Utilization of Mucin-Derived Monosaccharides. 28912798 13 73 theme mucin 1878:1882 arg1 glycans 1884:1890 known mucin glycans 1872:1890 known mucin glycans 1872:1890 (v) The analyzed genomes demonstrated different abilities to degrade known mucin glycans. 28912798 0 74 theme Utilization 166:176 arg1 Degradation 116:126 the Degradation 112:126 the Degradation of Host-Synthetized Mucin Glycans and Utilization of Mucin-Derived Monosaccharides 112:209 Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Human Gut Microbiome Reveals a Broad Distribution of Metabolic Pathways for the Degradation of Host-Synthetized Mucin Glycans and Utilization of Mucin-Derived Monosaccharides. 28912798 5 75 theme mucin 738:742 arg1 glycans 744:750 mucin glycans 738:750 mucin glycans 738:750 Both commensals and pathogens can utilize mucin glycans. 28912798 12 76 theme analyzed 1680:1687 arg1 genomes 1689:1695 the analyzed genomes 1676:1695 the analyzed genomes 1676:1695 (iv) Eighty-five percent of the analyzed genomes may be involved in potential feeding pathways for the monosaccharides derived from cleaved mucin glycans. 28912798 10 77 link derived 1410:1416 arg1 monosaccharides 1418:1432 derived monosaccharides 1410:1432 derived monosaccharides 1410:1432 (ii) Genes for the catabolism of derived monosaccharides were found in 89% of the analyzed genomes. 28912798 9 78 theme mucin 1265:1269 arg1 glycans 1271:1277 mucin glycans 1265:1277 mucin glycans 1265:1277 Our key results are as follows: (i) Genes for the cleavage of mucin glycans were found in 86% of the analyzed genomes, which significantly higher than a previous estimation. 28912798 8 79 theme HGM 1038:1040 arg1 genomes 1042:1048 397 individual HGM genomes 1023:1048 397 individual HGM genomes 1023:1048 Here, we analyzed 397 individual HGM genomes to identify pathways for the cleavage of host-synthetized mucin glycans to monosaccharides as well as for the catabolism of the derived monosaccharides. 28912798 15 80 theme mucin 2108:2112 arg1 glycans 2114:2120 mucin glycans 2108:2120 mucin glycans 2108:2120 (vi) Eighty-two percent of the analyzed genomes can form mutualistic pairs that are able to degrade mucin glycans and are not degradable by any of the paired organisms alone. 28912798 1 81 dep secreted 281:288 arg1 mucins 308:313 mucins 308:313 mucins 308:313 The colonic mucus layer is a dynamic and complex structure formed by secreted and transmembrane mucins, which are high-molecular-weight and heavily glycosylated proteins. 28912798 0 82 theme Metabolic 89:97 arg1 Pathways 99:106 Metabolic Pathways 89:106 Metabolic Pathways for the Degradation of Host-Synthetized Mucin Glycans and Utilization of Mucin-Derived Monosaccharides 89:209 Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Human Gut Microbiome Reveals a Broad Distribution of Metabolic Pathways for the Degradation of Host-Synthetized Mucin Glycans and Utilization of Mucin-Derived Monosaccharides. 28912798 7 83 theme other 981:985 arg1 disorders 994:1002 many other health disorders 976:1002 many other health disorders 976:1002 This HGM-derived degradation of the mucus layer increases pathogen susceptibility and causes many other health disorders. 28912798 12 84 theme Eighty-five 1653:1663 arg1 percent 1665:1671 Eighty-five percent 1653:1671 Eighty-five percent of the analyzed genomes 1653:1695 (iv) Eighty-five percent of the analyzed genomes may be involved in potential feeding pathways for the monosaccharides derived from cleaved mucin glycans. 28912798 13 85 theme analyzed 1811:1818 arg1 genomes 1820:1826 The analyzed genomes 1807:1826 The analyzed genomes 1807:1826 (v) The analyzed genomes demonstrated different abilities to degrade known mucin glycans. 28912798 10 86 theme monosaccharides 1418:1432 arg1 catabolism 1396:1405 the catabolism 1392:1405 the catabolism of derived monosaccharides 1392:1432 (ii) Genes for the catabolism of derived monosaccharides were found in 89% of the analyzed genomes. 28912798 2 87 theme loose 411:415 arg1 layer 423:427 a loose outer layer 409:427 a loose outer layer 409:427 Colonic mucus consists of a loose outer layer and a dense epithelium-attached layer. 28912798 0 88 theme Genomic 12:18 arg1 Analysis 20:27 Comparative Genomic Analysis 0:27 Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Human Gut Microbiome 0:55 Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Human Gut Microbiome Reveals a Broad Distribution of Metabolic Pathways for the Degradation of Host-Synthetized Mucin Glycans and Utilization of Mucin-Derived Monosaccharides. 28912798 14 89 theme glycan 1954:1959 arg1 type 1940:1943 at least one type 1927:1943 at least one type of mucin glycan 1927:1959 Generally, the ability to degrade at least one type of mucin glycan was predicted for 81% of the analyzed genomes. 28912798 2 90 theme epithelium-attached 441:459 arg1 layer 461:465 a dense epithelium-attached layer 433:465 a dense epithelium-attached layer 433:465 Colonic mucus consists of a loose outer layer and a dense epithelium-attached layer. 28912798 4 91 theme colonic 574:580 arg1 mucus 582:586 the colonic mucus 570:586 the colonic mucus 570:586 Glycans of the colonic mucus can be used by the HGM as a source of carbon and energy when dietary fibers are not sufficiently available. 28912798 0 92 theme Human 36:40 arg1 Microbiome 46:55 the Human Gut Microbiome 32:55 the Human Gut Microbiome 32:55 Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Human Gut Microbiome Reveals a Broad Distribution of Metabolic Pathways for the Degradation of Host-Synthetized Mucin Glycans and Utilization of Mucin-Derived Monosaccharides. 28912798 9 93 theme genomes 1313:1319 arg1 genomes 1313:1319 the analyzed genomes 1300:1319 the analyzed genomes 1300:1319 Our key results are as follows: (i) Genes for the cleavage of mucin glycans were found in 86% of the analyzed genomes, which significantly higher than a previous estimation. 28912798 9 93 theme genomes 1313:1319 arg1 % 1295:1295 86% 1293:1295 86% of the analyzed genomes, which significantly higher than a previous estimation 1293:1374 Our key results are as follows: (i) Genes for the cleavage of mucin glycans were found in 86% of the analyzed genomes, which significantly higher than a previous estimation. 28912798 8 94 theme mucin 1108:1112 arg1 glycans 1114:1120 host-synthetized mucin glycans 1091:1120 host-synthetized mucin glycans 1091:1120 Here, we analyzed 397 individual HGM genomes to identify pathways for the cleavage of host-synthetized mucin glycans to monosaccharides as well as for the catabolism of the derived monosaccharides. 28912798 15 95 theme genomes 2048:2054 arg1 percent 2024:2030 Eighty-two percent 2013:2030 Eighty-two percent of the analyzed genomes 2013:2054 (vi) Eighty-two percent of the analyzed genomes can form mutualistic pairs that are able to degrade mucin glycans and are not degradable by any of the paired organisms alone. 28912798 14 96 theme genomes 1999:2005 arg1 % 1981:1981 81% 1979:1981 81% of the analyzed genomes 1979:2005 Generally, the ability to degrade at least one type of mucin glycan was predicted for 81% of the analyzed genomes. 28912798 14 96 theme genomes 1999:2005 arg1 genomes 1999:2005 the analyzed genomes 1986:2005 the analyzed genomes 1986:2005 Generally, the ability to degrade at least one type of mucin glycan was predicted for 81% of the analyzed genomes. 28912798 14 97 theme analyzed 1990:1997 arg1 genomes 1999:2005 the analyzed genomes 1986:2005 the analyzed genomes 1986:2005 Generally, the ability to degrade at least one type of mucin glycan was predicted for 81% of the analyzed genomes. 28912798 1 98 theme dynamic 241:247 arg1 structure 261:269 a dynamic and complex structure 239:269 a dynamic and complex structure 239:269 The colonic mucus layer is a dynamic and complex structure formed by secreted and transmembrane mucins, which are high-molecular-weight and heavily glycosylated proteins. 28912798 1 98 theme dynamic 241:247 arg1 proteins 373:380 high-molecular-weight and heavily glycosylated proteins 326:380 high-molecular-weight and heavily glycosylated proteins 326:380 The colonic mucus layer is a dynamic and complex structure formed by secreted and transmembrane mucins, which are high-molecular-weight and heavily glycosylated proteins. 28912798 1 98 theme dynamic 241:247 arg1 layer 230:234 The colonic mucus layer 212:234 The colonic mucus layer 212:234 The colonic mucus layer is a dynamic and complex structure formed by secreted and transmembrane mucins, which are high-molecular-weight and heavily glycosylated proteins. 28912798 16 99 theme host-HGM 2305:2312 arg1 interactions 2314:2325 host-HGM interactions 2305:2325 host-HGM interactions 2305:2325 Taken together, these findings provide further insight into the inter-microbial communications of the HGM as well as into host-HGM interactions. 28912798 0 100 theme Microbiome 46:55 arg1 Analysis 20:27 Comparative Genomic Analysis 0:27 Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Human Gut Microbiome 0:55 Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Human Gut Microbiome Reveals a Broad Distribution of Metabolic Pathways for the Degradation of Host-Synthetized Mucin Glycans and Utilization of Mucin-Derived Monosaccharides. 28912798 12 101 theme cleaved 1780:1786 arg1 glycans 1794:1800 cleaved mucin glycans 1780:1800 cleaved mucin glycans 1780:1800 (iv) Eighty-five percent of the analyzed genomes may be involved in potential feeding pathways for the monosaccharides derived from cleaved mucin glycans. 28912798 9 102 dep found 1284:1288 arg1 i 1236:1236 i 1236:1236 i 1236:1236 Our key results are as follows: (i) Genes for the cleavage of mucin glycans were found in 86% of the analyzed genomes, which significantly higher than a previous estimation. 28912798 10 103 theme analyzed 1459:1466 arg1 genomes 1468:1474 the analyzed genomes 1455:1474 the analyzed genomes 1455:1474 (ii) Genes for the catabolism of derived monosaccharides were found in 89% of the analyzed genomes. 28912798 1 104 theme high-molecular-weight 326:346 arg1 structure 261:269 a dynamic and complex structure 239:269 a dynamic and complex structure 239:269 The colonic mucus layer is a dynamic and complex structure formed by secreted and transmembrane mucins, which are high-molecular-weight and heavily glycosylated proteins. 28912798 1 104 theme high-molecular-weight 326:346 arg1 proteins 373:380 high-molecular-weight and heavily glycosylated proteins 326:380 high-molecular-weight and heavily glycosylated proteins 326:380 The colonic mucus layer is a dynamic and complex structure formed by secreted and transmembrane mucins, which are high-molecular-weight and heavily glycosylated proteins. 28912798 1 104 theme high-molecular-weight 326:346 arg1 layer 230:234 The colonic mucus layer 212:234 The colonic mucus layer 212:234 The colonic mucus layer is a dynamic and complex structure formed by secreted and transmembrane mucins, which are high-molecular-weight and heavily glycosylated proteins. 28912798 11 105 theme enzymes 1581:1587 arg1 forms 1540:1544 four alternative forms 1523:1544 four alternative forms of the monosaccharide-catabolizing enzymes 1523:1587 (iii) Comparative genomic analysis identified four alternative forms of the monosaccharide-catabolizing enzymes and four alternative forms of monosaccharide transporters. 28912798 11 105 theme enzymes 1581:1587 arg1 forms 1610:1614 four alternative forms 1593:1614 four alternative forms of monosaccharide transporters 1593:1645 (iii) Comparative genomic analysis identified four alternative forms of the monosaccharide-catabolizing enzymes and four alternative forms of monosaccharide transporters. 28912798 3 106 theme various 500:506 arg1 representatives 508:522 various representatives 500:522 various representatives of the human gut microbiota (HGM) 500:556 The outer layer is inhabited by various representatives of the human gut microbiota (HGM). 28912798 3 107 theme microbiota 541:550 arg1 representatives 508:522 various representatives 500:522 various representatives of the human gut microbiota (HGM) 500:556 The outer layer is inhabited by various representatives of the human gut microbiota (HGM). 27987954 2 0 theme salicylic 500:508 arg1 acid 510:513 the opposite charged salicylic acid 479:513 the opposite charged salicylic acid (SA) 479:518 CS microspheres were used since they display pH-sensitive properties and have the capacity to bind electrostatically the opposite charged salicylic acid (SA), taken as model drug. 27987954 2 0 theme salicylic 500:508 arg1 SA 516:517 SA 516:517 SA 516:517 CS microspheres were used since they display pH-sensitive properties and have the capacity to bind electrostatically the opposite charged salicylic acid (SA), taken as model drug. 27987954 0 1 from embedded 57:64 arg1 hydrogel 85:92 thermosensitive hydrogel 69:92 thermosensitive hydrogel for controlled delivery of drugs 69:125 Smart composite materials based on chitosan microspheres embedded in thermosensitive hydrogel for controlled delivery of drugs. 27987954 2 2 theme charged 492:498 arg1 acid 510:513 the opposite charged salicylic acid 479:513 the opposite charged salicylic acid (SA) 479:518 CS microspheres were used since they display pH-sensitive properties and have the capacity to bind electrostatically the opposite charged salicylic acid (SA), taken as model drug. 27987954 2 2 theme charged 492:498 arg1 SA 516:517 SA 516:517 SA 516:517 CS microspheres were used since they display pH-sensitive properties and have the capacity to bind electrostatically the opposite charged salicylic acid (SA), taken as model drug. 27987954 1 3 theme small 341:345 arg1 molecule 347:354 a small molecule 339:354 a small molecule drug 339:359 Smart composite hydrogels (SCHs) consisting of chitosan (CS) microspheres physically embedded within a thermoresponsive hydrogel are synthesized and tested for their capacity of loading and long-term release of a small molecule drug. 27987954 2 4 contain have 435:438 arg1 they 394:397 they 394:397 they 394:397 CS microspheres were used since they display pH-sensitive properties and have the capacity to bind electrostatically the opposite charged salicylic acid (SA), taken as model drug. 27987954 2 4 contain have 435:438 arg2 capacity 444:451 the capacity to bind electrostatically the opposite charged salicylic acid (SA), taken as model drug 440:539 the capacity to bind electrostatically the opposite charged salicylic acid (SA), taken as model drug 440:539 CS microspheres were used since they display pH-sensitive properties and have the capacity to bind electrostatically the opposite charged salicylic acid (SA), taken as model drug. 27987954 6 5 theme thermoresponsive 1031:1046 arg1 network 1048:1054 The thermoresponsive network 1027:1054 The thermoresponsive network 1027:1054 The thermoresponsive network slightly protected the CS microspheres from the in vitro degradation. 27987954 1 6 theme molecule 347:354 arg1 drug 356:359 a small molecule drug 339:359 a small molecule drug 339:359 Smart composite hydrogels (SCHs) consisting of chitosan (CS) microspheres physically embedded within a thermoresponsive hydrogel are synthesized and tested for their capacity of loading and long-term release of a small molecule drug. 27987954 0 7 theme controlled 98:107 arg1 delivery 109:116 controlled delivery 98:116 controlled delivery of drugs 98:125 Smart composite materials based on chitosan microspheres embedded in thermosensitive hydrogel for controlled delivery of drugs. 27987954 1 8 theme drug 356:359 arg1 loading 306:312 loading 306:312 loading 306:312 Smart composite hydrogels (SCHs) consisting of chitosan (CS) microspheres physically embedded within a thermoresponsive hydrogel are synthesized and tested for their capacity of loading and long-term release of a small molecule drug. 27987954 1 8 theme drug 356:359 arg1 release 328:334 long-term release 318:334 long-term release of a small molecule drug 318:359 Smart composite hydrogels (SCHs) consisting of chitosan (CS) microspheres physically embedded within a thermoresponsive hydrogel are synthesized and tested for their capacity of loading and long-term release of a small molecule drug. 27987954 4 9 theme pH 802:803 arg1 sensitivity 805:815 temperature and pH sensitivity 786:815 sensitivity 805:815 The morphology, swelling behavior, temperature and pH sensitivity, degradability and drug release behavior of the new smart drug delivery system were investigated. 27987954 0 10 theme drugs 121:125 arg1 delivery 109:116 controlled delivery 98:116 controlled delivery of drugs 98:125 Smart composite materials based on chitosan microspheres embedded in thermosensitive hydrogel for controlled delivery of drugs. 27987954 4 11 theme delivery 880:887 arg1 system 889:894 the new smart drug delivery system 861:894 the new smart drug delivery system 861:894 The morphology, swelling behavior, temperature and pH sensitivity, degradability and drug release behavior of the new smart drug delivery system were investigated. 27987954 5 12 theme cross-linking 1005:1017 arg1 degree 1019:1024 the cross-linking degree 1001:1024 the cross-linking degree 1001:1024 Swelling ratios as well as the sharpness of the phase transition, largely depended on the cross-linking degree. 27987954 2 13 theme opposite 483:490 arg1 acid 510:513 the opposite charged salicylic acid 479:513 the opposite charged salicylic acid (SA) 479:518 CS microspheres were used since they display pH-sensitive properties and have the capacity to bind electrostatically the opposite charged salicylic acid (SA), taken as model drug. 27987954 2 13 theme opposite 483:490 arg1 SA 516:517 SA 516:517 SA 516:517 CS microspheres were used since they display pH-sensitive properties and have the capacity to bind electrostatically the opposite charged salicylic acid (SA), taken as model drug. 27987954 7 14 theme In 1126:1127 arg1 studies 1135:1141 In vitro studies 1126:1141 In vitro studies 1126:1141 In vitro studies showed that the SA followed a prolonged release profile from SCHs in accordance with pH and temperature. 27987954 1 15 theme chitosan 175:182 arg1 microspheres 189:200 chitosan (CS) microspheres 175:200 chitosan (CS) microspheres physically embedded within a thermoresponsive hydrogel 175:255 Smart composite hydrogels (SCHs) consisting of chitosan (CS) microspheres physically embedded within a thermoresponsive hydrogel are synthesized and tested for their capacity of loading and long-term release of a small molecule drug. 27987954 0 16 theme composite 6:14 arg1 materials 16:24 Smart composite materials 0:24 Smart composite materials 0:24 Smart composite materials based on chitosan microspheres embedded in thermosensitive hydrogel for controlled delivery of drugs. 27987954 7 17 dep In 1126:1127 arg1 vitro 1129:1133 vitro 1129:1133 vitro 1129:1133 In vitro studies showed that the SA followed a prolonged release profile from SCHs in accordance with pH and temperature. 27987954 5 18 theme transition 969:978 arg1 sharpness 946:954 the sharpness 942:954 the sharpness of the phase transition 942:978 Swelling ratios as well as the sharpness of the phase transition, largely depended on the cross-linking degree. 27987954 5 18 theme transition 969:978 arg1 ratios 924:929 Swelling ratios 915:929 Swelling ratios 915:929 Swelling ratios as well as the sharpness of the phase transition, largely depended on the cross-linking degree. 27987954 5 19 theme Swelling 915:922 arg1 ratios 924:929 Swelling ratios 915:929 Swelling ratios 915:929 Swelling ratios as well as the sharpness of the phase transition, largely depended on the cross-linking degree. 27987954 0 20 theme Smart 0:4 arg1 materials 16:24 Smart composite materials 0:24 Smart composite materials 0:24 Smart composite materials based on chitosan microspheres embedded in thermosensitive hydrogel for controlled delivery of drugs. 27987954 4 21 theme system 889:894 arg1 sensitivity 805:815 temperature and pH sensitivity 786:815 sensitivity 805:815 The morphology, swelling behavior, temperature and pH sensitivity, degradability and drug release behavior of the new smart drug delivery system were investigated. 27987954 4 21 theme system 889:894 arg1 morphology 755:764 morphology 755:764 morphology 755:764 The morphology, swelling behavior, temperature and pH sensitivity, degradability and drug release behavior of the new smart drug delivery system were investigated. 27987954 4 21 theme system 889:894 arg1 behavior 776:783 swelling behavior 767:783 swelling behavior 767:783 The morphology, swelling behavior, temperature and pH sensitivity, degradability and drug release behavior of the new smart drug delivery system were investigated. 27987954 4 21 theme system 889:894 arg1 behavior 849:856 drug release behavior 836:856 drug release behavior 836:856 The morphology, swelling behavior, temperature and pH sensitivity, degradability and drug release behavior of the new smart drug delivery system were investigated. 27987954 4 21 theme system 889:894 arg1 degradability 818:830 degradability 818:830 degradability 818:830 The morphology, swelling behavior, temperature and pH sensitivity, degradability and drug release behavior of the new smart drug delivery system were investigated. 27987954 7 22 from SCHs 1204:1207 arg1 profile 1191:1197 a prolonged release profile 1171:1197 a prolonged release profile from SCHs 1171:1207 In vitro studies showed that the SA followed a prolonged release profile from SCHs in accordance with pH and temperature. 27987954 4 23 theme new 865:867 arg1 system 889:894 the new smart drug delivery system 861:894 the new smart drug delivery system 861:894 The morphology, swelling behavior, temperature and pH sensitivity, degradability and drug release behavior of the new smart drug delivery system were investigated. 27987954 4 24 dep morphology 755:764 arg1 The 751:753 The 751:753 The 751:753 The morphology, swelling behavior, temperature and pH sensitivity, degradability and drug release behavior of the new smart drug delivery system were investigated. 27987954 6 25 theme in 1104:1105 arg1 degradation 1113:1123 the in vitro degradation 1100:1123 the in vitro degradation 1100:1123 The thermoresponsive network slightly protected the CS microspheres from the in vitro degradation. 27987954 6 26 dep in 1104:1105 arg1 vitro 1107:1111 vitro 1107:1111 vitro 1107:1111 The thermoresponsive network slightly protected the CS microspheres from the in vitro degradation. 27987954 3 27 theme N-isopropylacrylamide-co-hydroxyethylacrylamide 644:690 arg1 copolymer 693:701 poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-hydroxyethylacrylamide) copolymer 639:701 poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-hydroxyethylacrylamide) copolymer 639:701 These microspheres are ulterior physically entrapped within a thermoresponsive hydrogel based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-hydroxyethylacrylamide) copolymer, cross-linked with N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide. 27987954 4 28 theme temperature 786:796 arg1 sensitivity 805:815 temperature and pH sensitivity 786:815 sensitivity 805:815 The morphology, swelling behavior, temperature and pH sensitivity, degradability and drug release behavior of the new smart drug delivery system were investigated. 27987954 0 29 theme chitosan 35:42 arg1 microspheres 44:55 chitosan microspheres 35:55 chitosan microspheres embedded in thermosensitive hydrogel for controlled delivery of drugs 35:125 Smart composite materials based on chitosan microspheres embedded in thermosensitive hydrogel for controlled delivery of drugs. 27987954 2 30 theme model 530:534 arg1 drug 536:539 model drug 530:539 model drug 530:539 CS microspheres were used since they display pH-sensitive properties and have the capacity to bind electrostatically the opposite charged salicylic acid (SA), taken as model drug. 27987954 0 31 from hydrogel 85:92 arg1 embedded 57:64 embedded 57:64 embedded 57:64 Smart composite materials based on chitosan microspheres embedded in thermosensitive hydrogel for controlled delivery of drugs. 27987954 2 32 theme pH-sensitive 407:418 arg1 properties 420:429 pH-sensitive properties 407:429 pH-sensitive properties 407:429 CS microspheres were used since they display pH-sensitive properties and have the capacity to bind electrostatically the opposite charged salicylic acid (SA), taken as model drug. 27987954 1 33 theme loading 306:312 arg1 capacity 294:301 their capacity 288:301 their capacity of loading and long-term release of a small molecule drug 288:359 Smart composite hydrogels (SCHs) consisting of chitosan (CS) microspheres physically embedded within a thermoresponsive hydrogel are synthesized and tested for their capacity of loading and long-term release of a small molecule drug. 27987954 3 34 theme poly 639:642 arg1 copolymer 693:701 poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-hydroxyethylacrylamide) copolymer 639:701 poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-hydroxyethylacrylamide) copolymer 639:701 These microspheres are ulterior physically entrapped within a thermoresponsive hydrogel based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-hydroxyethylacrylamide) copolymer, cross-linked with N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide. 27987954 1 35 theme embedded 213:220 arg1 microspheres 189:200 chitosan (CS) microspheres 175:200 chitosan (CS) microspheres physically embedded within a thermoresponsive hydrogel 175:255 Smart composite hydrogels (SCHs) consisting of chitosan (CS) microspheres physically embedded within a thermoresponsive hydrogel are synthesized and tested for their capacity of loading and long-term release of a small molecule drug. 27987954 0 36 theme embedded 57:64 arg1 microspheres 44:55 chitosan microspheres 35:55 chitosan microspheres embedded in thermosensitive hydrogel for controlled delivery of drugs 35:125 Smart composite materials based on chitosan microspheres embedded in thermosensitive hydrogel for controlled delivery of drugs. 27987954 4 37 theme smart 869:873 arg1 system 889:894 the new smart drug delivery system 861:894 the new smart drug delivery system 861:894 The morphology, swelling behavior, temperature and pH sensitivity, degradability and drug release behavior of the new smart drug delivery system were investigated. 27987954 7 38 theme release 1183:1189 arg1 profile 1191:1197 a prolonged release profile 1171:1197 a prolonged release profile from SCHs 1171:1207 In vitro studies showed that the SA followed a prolonged release profile from SCHs in accordance with pH and temperature. 27987954 1 39 theme long-term 318:326 arg1 release 328:334 long-term release 318:334 long-term release of a small molecule drug 318:359 Smart composite hydrogels (SCHs) consisting of chitosan (CS) microspheres physically embedded within a thermoresponsive hydrogel are synthesized and tested for their capacity of loading and long-term release of a small molecule drug. 27987954 4 40 theme drug 875:878 arg1 system 889:894 the new smart drug delivery system 861:894 the new smart drug delivery system 861:894 The morphology, swelling behavior, temperature and pH sensitivity, degradability and drug release behavior of the new smart drug delivery system were investigated. 27987954 1 41 theme Smart 128:132 arg1 SCHs 155:158 SCHs 155:158 SCHs 155:158 Smart composite hydrogels (SCHs) consisting of chitosan (CS) microspheres physically embedded within a thermoresponsive hydrogel are synthesized and tested for their capacity of loading and long-term release of a small molecule drug. 27987954 1 41 theme Smart 128:132 arg1 hydrogels 144:152 Smart composite hydrogels 128:152 Smart composite hydrogels (SCHs) consisting of chitosan (CS) microspheres physically embedded within a thermoresponsive hydrogel 128:255 Smart composite hydrogels (SCHs) consisting of chitosan (CS) microspheres physically embedded within a thermoresponsive hydrogel are synthesized and tested for their capacity of loading and long-term release of a small molecule drug. 27987954 1 42 theme release 328:334 arg1 capacity 294:301 their capacity 288:301 their capacity of loading and long-term release of a small molecule drug 288:359 Smart composite hydrogels (SCHs) consisting of chitosan (CS) microspheres physically embedded within a thermoresponsive hydrogel are synthesized and tested for their capacity of loading and long-term release of a small molecule drug. 27987954 4 43 theme drug 836:839 arg1 behavior 849:856 drug release behavior 836:856 drug release behavior 836:856 The morphology, swelling behavior, temperature and pH sensitivity, degradability and drug release behavior of the new smart drug delivery system were investigated. 27987954 1 44 theme composite 134:142 arg1 SCHs 155:158 SCHs 155:158 SCHs 155:158 Smart composite hydrogels (SCHs) consisting of chitosan (CS) microspheres physically embedded within a thermoresponsive hydrogel are synthesized and tested for their capacity of loading and long-term release of a small molecule drug. 27987954 1 44 theme composite 134:142 arg1 hydrogels 144:152 Smart composite hydrogels 128:152 Smart composite hydrogels (SCHs) consisting of chitosan (CS) microspheres physically embedded within a thermoresponsive hydrogel 128:255 Smart composite hydrogels (SCHs) consisting of chitosan (CS) microspheres physically embedded within a thermoresponsive hydrogel are synthesized and tested for their capacity of loading and long-term release of a small molecule drug. 27987954 6 45 theme CS 1079:1080 arg1 microspheres 1082:1093 the CS microspheres 1075:1093 the CS microspheres 1075:1093 The thermoresponsive network slightly protected the CS microspheres from the in vitro degradation. 27987954 5 46 theme phase 963:967 arg1 transition 969:978 the phase transition 959:978 the phase transition 959:978 Swelling ratios as well as the sharpness of the phase transition, largely depended on the cross-linking degree. 27987954 4 47 theme swelling 767:774 arg1 behavior 776:783 swelling behavior 767:783 swelling behavior 767:783 The morphology, swelling behavior, temperature and pH sensitivity, degradability and drug release behavior of the new smart drug delivery system were investigated. 27987954 0 48 theme thermosensitive 69:83 arg1 hydrogel 85:92 thermosensitive hydrogel 69:92 thermosensitive hydrogel for controlled delivery of drugs 69:125 Smart composite materials based on chitosan microspheres embedded in thermosensitive hydrogel for controlled delivery of drugs. 27987954 3 49 theme thermoresponsive 604:619 arg1 hydrogel 621:628 a thermoresponsive hydrogel 602:628 a thermoresponsive hydrogel based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-hydroxyethylacrylamide) copolymer, cross-linked with N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide 602:748 These microspheres are ulterior physically entrapped within a thermoresponsive hydrogel based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-hydroxyethylacrylamide) copolymer, cross-linked with N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide. 27987954 2 50 used used 383:386 arg2 microspheres 365:376 CS microspheres 362:376 CS microspheres 362:376 CS microspheres were used since they display pH-sensitive properties and have the capacity to bind electrostatically the opposite charged salicylic acid (SA), taken as model drug. 27987954 1 51 theme thermoresponsive 231:246 arg1 hydrogel 248:255 a thermoresponsive hydrogel 229:255 a thermoresponsive hydrogel 229:255 Smart composite hydrogels (SCHs) consisting of chitosan (CS) microspheres physically embedded within a thermoresponsive hydrogel are synthesized and tested for their capacity of loading and long-term release of a small molecule drug. 27987954 7 52 theme prolonged 1173:1181 arg1 profile 1191:1197 a prolonged release profile 1171:1197 a prolonged release profile from SCHs 1171:1207 In vitro studies showed that the SA followed a prolonged release profile from SCHs in accordance with pH and temperature. 27987954 4 53 theme release 841:847 arg1 behavior 849:856 drug release behavior 836:856 drug release behavior 836:856 The morphology, swelling behavior, temperature and pH sensitivity, degradability and drug release behavior of the new smart drug delivery system were investigated. 27987954 2 54 theme CS 362:363 arg1 microspheres 365:376 CS microspheres 362:376 CS microspheres 362:376 CS microspheres were used since they display pH-sensitive properties and have the capacity to bind electrostatically the opposite charged salicylic acid (SA), taken as model drug. 26440287 0 0 theme cyclodextrin 96:107 arg1 complexes 109:117 cyclodextrin complexes 96:117 cyclodextrin complexes 96:117 Chiral separation of asenapine enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis and characterization of cyclodextrin complexes by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and molecular modeling. 26440287 5 1 dep method 953:958 arg1 applying 1017:1024 applying 1017:1024 applying 15 kV 1017:1030 The developed method (160 mM TRIS-acetate buffer pH 3.5, 7 mM β-CD, at 20 °C, applying 15 kV) was successful for baseline separation of ASN enantiomers (R(s)=2.40±0.04). 26440287 5 2 theme baseline 1052:1059 arg1 separation 1061:1070 baseline separation 1052:1070 baseline separation of ASN enantiomers (R(s)=2.40±0.04) 1052:1106 The developed method (160 mM TRIS-acetate buffer pH 3.5, 7 mM β-CD, at 20 °C, applying 15 kV) was successful for baseline separation of ASN enantiomers (R(s)=2.40±0.04). 26440287 7 3 theme complexes 1281:1289 arg1 Properties 1253:1262 Properties 1253:1262 Properties of the inclusion complexes, such as stoichiometry, atomic level intermolecular host-guest connections 1253:1364 Properties of the inclusion complexes, such as stoichiometry, atomic level intermolecular host-guest connections are proposed on the basis of ROESY NMR measurement, ESI-MS spectrometry and molecular modeling studies. 26440287 3 4 theme chiral 698:703 arg1 selector 705:712 the most effective chiral selector 679:712 the most effective chiral selector 679:712 Although initially, none of the applied chiral selectors gave baseline separation, β-CD proved to be the most effective chiral selector. 26440287 3 4 theme chiral 698:703 arg1 β-CD 661:664 β-CD 661:664 β-CD 661:664 Although initially, none of the applied chiral selectors gave baseline separation, β-CD proved to be the most effective chiral selector. 26440287 4 5 theme capillary 871:879 arg1 concentration 808:820 the concentration 804:820 the concentration of background electrolyte 804:846 In order to improve resolution, an orthogonal experimental design was employed, altering the concentration of background electrolyte, organic modifier, pH, capillary temperature and applied voltage in a multivariate manner. 26440287 4 5 theme capillary 871:879 arg1 temperature 881:891 capillary temperature 871:891 capillary temperature 871:891 In order to improve resolution, an orthogonal experimental design was employed, altering the concentration of background electrolyte, organic modifier, pH, capillary temperature and applied voltage in a multivariate manner. 26440287 1 6 theme modified 345:352 arg1 electrophoresis 369:383 cyclodextrin (CD) modified capillary zone electrophoresis 327:383 cyclodextrin (CD) modified capillary zone electrophoresis 327:383 The enantiomers of asenapine maleate (ASN), a novel antipsychotic against schizophrenia and mania with bipolar I disorder have been separated by cyclodextrin (CD) modified capillary zone electrophoresis for the first time. 26440287 4 7 theme applied 897:903 arg1 concentration 808:820 the concentration 804:820 the concentration of background electrolyte 804:846 In order to improve resolution, an orthogonal experimental design was employed, altering the concentration of background electrolyte, organic modifier, pH, capillary temperature and applied voltage in a multivariate manner. 26440287 4 7 theme applied 897:903 arg1 voltage 905:911 applied voltage 897:911 applied voltage 897:911 In order to improve resolution, an orthogonal experimental design was employed, altering the concentration of background electrolyte, organic modifier, pH, capillary temperature and applied voltage in a multivariate manner. 26440287 5 8 theme TRIS-acetate 968:979 arg1 buffer 981:986 160 mM TRIS-acetate buffer 961:986 160 mM TRIS-acetate buffer pH 3.5 961:993 The developed method (160 mM TRIS-acetate buffer pH 3.5, 7 mM β-CD, at 20 °C, applying 15 kV) was successful for baseline separation of ASN enantiomers (R(s)=2.40±0.04). 26440287 5 9 theme mM 965:966 arg1 buffer 981:986 160 mM TRIS-acetate buffer 961:986 160 mM TRIS-acetate buffer pH 3.5 961:993 The developed method (160 mM TRIS-acetate buffer pH 3.5, 7 mM β-CD, at 20 °C, applying 15 kV) was successful for baseline separation of ASN enantiomers (R(s)=2.40±0.04). 26440287 8 10 theme aromatic 1550:1557 arg1 rings 1559:1563 the aromatic rings 1546:1563 the aromatic rings 1546:1563 It was found that the ASN-β-CD complex is of 1:1 composition, and either of the aromatic rings can be accommodated in the β-CD cavity. 26440287 0 11 theme complexes 109:117 arg1 characterization 76:91 characterization 76:91 characterization 76:91 Chiral separation of asenapine enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis and characterization of cyclodextrin complexes by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and molecular modeling. 26440287 0 11 theme complexes 109:117 arg1 electrophoresis 56:70 capillary electrophoresis 46:70 capillary electrophoresis 46:70 Chiral separation of asenapine enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis and characterization of cyclodextrin complexes by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and molecular modeling. 26440287 1 12 theme capillary 354:362 arg1 electrophoresis 369:383 cyclodextrin (CD) modified capillary zone electrophoresis 327:383 cyclodextrin (CD) modified capillary zone electrophoresis 327:383 The enantiomers of asenapine maleate (ASN), a novel antipsychotic against schizophrenia and mania with bipolar I disorder have been separated by cyclodextrin (CD) modified capillary zone electrophoresis for the first time. 26440287 5 13 dep applying 1017:1024 arg1 buffer 981:986 160 mM TRIS-acetate buffer 961:986 160 mM TRIS-acetate buffer pH 3.5 961:993 The developed method (160 mM TRIS-acetate buffer pH 3.5, 7 mM β-CD, at 20 °C, applying 15 kV) was successful for baseline separation of ASN enantiomers (R(s)=2.40±0.04). 26440287 5 13 dep applying 1017:1024 arg1 β-CD 1001:1004 7 mM β-CD 996:1004 7 mM β-CD 996:1004 The developed method (160 mM TRIS-acetate buffer pH 3.5, 7 mM β-CD, at 20 °C, applying 15 kV) was successful for baseline separation of ASN enantiomers (R(s)=2.40±0.04). 26440287 5 13 dep applying 1017:1024 arg1 °C 1013:1014 at 20 °C 1007:1014 at 20 °C 1007:1014 The developed method (160 mM TRIS-acetate buffer pH 3.5, 7 mM β-CD, at 20 °C, applying 15 kV) was successful for baseline separation of ASN enantiomers (R(s)=2.40±0.04). 26440287 2 14 theme inclusion 514:522 arg1 complexes 524:532 the inclusion complexes 510:532 the inclusion complexes 510:532 15 different CDs were screened as complexing agents and chiral selectors, investigating the stability of the inclusion complexes and their enantiodiscriminating capacities. 26440287 1 15 theme zone 364:367 arg1 electrophoresis 369:383 cyclodextrin (CD) modified capillary zone electrophoresis 327:383 cyclodextrin (CD) modified capillary zone electrophoresis 327:383 The enantiomers of asenapine maleate (ASN), a novel antipsychotic against schizophrenia and mania with bipolar I disorder have been separated by cyclodextrin (CD) modified capillary zone electrophoresis for the first time. 26440287 7 16 theme stoichiometry 1300:1312 arg1 Properties 1253:1262 Properties 1253:1262 Properties of the inclusion complexes, such as stoichiometry, atomic level intermolecular host-guest connections 1253:1364 Properties of the inclusion complexes, such as stoichiometry, atomic level intermolecular host-guest connections are proposed on the basis of ROESY NMR measurement, ESI-MS spectrometry and molecular modeling studies. 26440287 7 17 theme host-guest 1343:1352 arg1 connections 1354:1364 atomic level intermolecular host-guest connections 1315:1364 atomic level intermolecular host-guest connections 1315:1364 Properties of the inclusion complexes, such as stoichiometry, atomic level intermolecular host-guest connections are proposed on the basis of ROESY NMR measurement, ESI-MS spectrometry and molecular modeling studies. 26440287 0 18 theme NMR 122:124 arg1 spectroscopy 126:137 NMR spectroscopy 122:137 NMR spectroscopy 122:137 Chiral separation of asenapine enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis and characterization of cyclodextrin complexes by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and molecular modeling. 26440287 2 19 theme complexing 439:448 arg1 agents 450:455 complexing agents 439:455 complexing agents 439:455 15 different CDs were screened as complexing agents and chiral selectors, investigating the stability of the inclusion complexes and their enantiodiscriminating capacities. 26440287 2 19 theme complexing 439:448 arg1 CDs 418:420 15 different CDs 405:420 15 different CDs 405:420 15 different CDs were screened as complexing agents and chiral selectors, investigating the stability of the inclusion complexes and their enantiodiscriminating capacities. 26440287 7 20 dep such 1292:1295 arg1 as 1297:1298 as 1297:1298 as 1297:1298 Properties of the inclusion complexes, such as stoichiometry, atomic level intermolecular host-guest connections are proposed on the basis of ROESY NMR measurement, ESI-MS spectrometry and molecular modeling studies. 26440287 5 21 theme ASN 1075:1077 arg1 =2.40±0.04 1096:1105 R(s)=2.40±0.04 1092:1105 R(s)=2.40±0.04 1092:1105 The developed method (160 mM TRIS-acetate buffer pH 3.5, 7 mM β-CD, at 20 °C, applying 15 kV) was successful for baseline separation of ASN enantiomers (R(s)=2.40±0.04). 26440287 5 21 theme ASN 1075:1077 arg1 enantiomers 1079:1089 ASN enantiomers 1075:1089 ASN enantiomers (R(s)=2.40±0.04) 1075:1106 The developed method (160 mM TRIS-acetate buffer pH 3.5, 7 mM β-CD, at 20 °C, applying 15 kV) was successful for baseline separation of ASN enantiomers (R(s)=2.40±0.04). 26440287 5 22 theme mM 998:999 arg1 β-CD 1001:1004 7 mM β-CD 996:1004 7 mM β-CD 996:1004 The developed method (160 mM TRIS-acetate buffer pH 3.5, 7 mM β-CD, at 20 °C, applying 15 kV) was successful for baseline separation of ASN enantiomers (R(s)=2.40±0.04). 26440287 5 22 theme mM 998:999 arg1 °C 1013:1014 at 20 °C 1007:1014 at 20 °C 1007:1014 The developed method (160 mM TRIS-acetate buffer pH 3.5, 7 mM β-CD, at 20 °C, applying 15 kV) was successful for baseline separation of ASN enantiomers (R(s)=2.40±0.04). 26440287 7 23 theme level 1322:1326 arg1 connections 1354:1364 atomic level intermolecular host-guest connections 1315:1364 atomic level intermolecular host-guest connections 1315:1364 Properties of the inclusion complexes, such as stoichiometry, atomic level intermolecular host-guest connections are proposed on the basis of ROESY NMR measurement, ESI-MS spectrometry and molecular modeling studies. 26440287 6 24 theme chiral 1227:1232 arg1 separation 1234:1243 the chiral separation 1223:1243 the chiral separation of ASN 1223:1250 Our method was validated according to ICH guidelines and proved to be sensitive, linear, accurate and precise for the chiral separation of ASN. 26440287 1 25 theme asenapine 201:209 arg1 antipsychotic 234:246 a novel antipsychotic 226:246 a novel antipsychotic against schizophrenia and mania with bipolar I disorder 226:302 The enantiomers of asenapine maleate (ASN), a novel antipsychotic against schizophrenia and mania with bipolar I disorder have been separated by cyclodextrin (CD) modified capillary zone electrophoresis for the first time. 26440287 1 25 theme asenapine 201:209 arg1 ASN 220:222 ASN 220:222 ASN 220:222 The enantiomers of asenapine maleate (ASN), a novel antipsychotic against schizophrenia and mania with bipolar I disorder have been separated by cyclodextrin (CD) modified capillary zone electrophoresis for the first time. 26440287 1 25 theme asenapine 201:209 arg1 maleate 211:217 asenapine maleate 201:217 asenapine maleate (ASN) 201:223 The enantiomers of asenapine maleate (ASN), a novel antipsychotic against schizophrenia and mania with bipolar I disorder have been separated by cyclodextrin (CD) modified capillary zone electrophoresis for the first time. 26440287 0 26 theme Chiral 0:5 arg1 separation 7:16 Chiral separation 0:16 Chiral separation of asenapine enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis and characterization of cyclodextrin complexes by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and molecular modeling. 0:180 Chiral separation of asenapine enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis and characterization of cyclodextrin complexes by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and molecular modeling. 26440287 1 27 theme bipolar 285:291 arg1 disorder 295:302 bipolar I disorder 285:302 bipolar I disorder 285:302 The enantiomers of asenapine maleate (ASN), a novel antipsychotic against schizophrenia and mania with bipolar I disorder have been separated by cyclodextrin (CD) modified capillary zone electrophoresis for the first time. 26440287 7 28 theme inclusion 1271:1279 arg1 complexes 1281:1289 the inclusion complexes 1267:1289 the inclusion complexes 1267:1289 Properties of the inclusion complexes, such as stoichiometry, atomic level intermolecular host-guest connections are proposed on the basis of ROESY NMR measurement, ESI-MS spectrometry and molecular modeling studies. 26440287 1 29 theme maleate 211:217 arg1 enantiomers 186:196 The enantiomers 182:196 The enantiomers of asenapine maleate (ASN), a novel antipsychotic against schizophrenia and mania with bipolar I disorder 182:302 The enantiomers of asenapine maleate (ASN), a novel antipsychotic against schizophrenia and mania with bipolar I disorder have been separated by cyclodextrin (CD) modified capillary zone electrophoresis for the first time. 26440287 0 30 theme asenapine 21:29 arg1 enantiomers 31:41 asenapine enantiomers 21:41 asenapine enantiomers 21:41 Chiral separation of asenapine enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis and characterization of cyclodextrin complexes by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and molecular modeling. 26440287 1 31 theme I 293:293 arg1 disorder 295:302 bipolar I disorder 285:302 bipolar I disorder 285:302 The enantiomers of asenapine maleate (ASN), a novel antipsychotic against schizophrenia and mania with bipolar I disorder have been separated by cyclodextrin (CD) modified capillary zone electrophoresis for the first time. 26440287 0 32 theme mass 140:143 arg1 spectrometry 145:156 mass spectrometry 140:156 mass spectrometry 140:156 Chiral separation of asenapine enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis and characterization of cyclodextrin complexes by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and molecular modeling. 26440287 4 33 theme experimental 761:772 arg1 design 774:779 an orthogonal experimental design 747:779 an orthogonal experimental design 747:779 In order to improve resolution, an orthogonal experimental design was employed, altering the concentration of background electrolyte, organic modifier, pH, capillary temperature and applied voltage in a multivariate manner. 26440287 4 34 theme electrolyte 836:846 arg1 concentration 808:820 the concentration 804:820 the concentration of background electrolyte 804:846 In order to improve resolution, an orthogonal experimental design was employed, altering the concentration of background electrolyte, organic modifier, pH, capillary temperature and applied voltage in a multivariate manner. 26440287 4 34 theme electrolyte 836:846 arg1 pH 867:868 pH 867:868 pH 867:868 In order to improve resolution, an orthogonal experimental design was employed, altering the concentration of background electrolyte, organic modifier, pH, capillary temperature and applied voltage in a multivariate manner. 26440287 4 34 theme electrolyte 836:846 arg1 modifier 857:864 organic modifier 849:864 organic modifier 849:864 In order to improve resolution, an orthogonal experimental design was employed, altering the concentration of background electrolyte, organic modifier, pH, capillary temperature and applied voltage in a multivariate manner. 26440287 4 34 theme electrolyte 836:846 arg1 voltage 905:911 applied voltage 897:911 applied voltage 897:911 In order to improve resolution, an orthogonal experimental design was employed, altering the concentration of background electrolyte, organic modifier, pH, capillary temperature and applied voltage in a multivariate manner. 26440287 4 34 theme electrolyte 836:846 arg1 temperature 881:891 capillary temperature 871:891 capillary temperature 871:891 In order to improve resolution, an orthogonal experimental design was employed, altering the concentration of background electrolyte, organic modifier, pH, capillary temperature and applied voltage in a multivariate manner. 26440287 7 35 theme intermolecular 1328:1341 arg1 connections 1354:1364 atomic level intermolecular host-guest connections 1315:1364 atomic level intermolecular host-guest connections 1315:1364 Properties of the inclusion complexes, such as stoichiometry, atomic level intermolecular host-guest connections are proposed on the basis of ROESY NMR measurement, ESI-MS spectrometry and molecular modeling studies. 26440287 7 36 dep measurement 1405:1415 arg1 basis 1386:1390 basis 1386:1390 basis 1386:1390 Properties of the inclusion complexes, such as stoichiometry, atomic level intermolecular host-guest connections are proposed on the basis of ROESY NMR measurement, ESI-MS spectrometry and molecular modeling studies. 26440287 7 36 dep measurement 1405:1415 arg1 the 1382:1384 the 1382:1384 the 1382:1384 Properties of the inclusion complexes, such as stoichiometry, atomic level intermolecular host-guest connections are proposed on the basis of ROESY NMR measurement, ESI-MS spectrometry and molecular modeling studies. 26440287 2 37 theme capacities 566:575 arg1 stability 497:505 the stability 493:505 the stability of the inclusion complexes and their enantiodiscriminating capacities 493:575 15 different CDs were screened as complexing agents and chiral selectors, investigating the stability of the inclusion complexes and their enantiodiscriminating capacities. 26440287 4 38 theme orthogonal 750:759 arg1 design 774:779 an orthogonal experimental design 747:779 an orthogonal experimental design 747:779 In order to improve resolution, an orthogonal experimental design was employed, altering the concentration of background electrolyte, organic modifier, pH, capillary temperature and applied voltage in a multivariate manner. 26440287 2 39 theme enantiodiscriminating 544:564 arg1 capacities 566:575 their enantiodiscriminating capacities 538:575 their enantiodiscriminating capacities 538:575 15 different CDs were screened as complexing agents and chiral selectors, investigating the stability of the inclusion complexes and their enantiodiscriminating capacities. 26440287 1 40 theme first 393:397 arg1 time 399:402 the first time 389:402 the first time 389:402 The enantiomers of asenapine maleate (ASN), a novel antipsychotic against schizophrenia and mania with bipolar I disorder have been separated by cyclodextrin (CD) modified capillary zone electrophoresis for the first time. 26440287 3 41 theme applied 610:616 arg1 selectors 625:633 the applied chiral selectors 606:633 the applied chiral selectors 606:633 Although initially, none of the applied chiral selectors gave baseline separation, β-CD proved to be the most effective chiral selector. 26440287 2 42 theme different 408:416 arg1 selectors 468:476 chiral selectors 461:476 chiral selectors 461:476 15 different CDs were screened as complexing agents and chiral selectors, investigating the stability of the inclusion complexes and their enantiodiscriminating capacities. 26440287 2 42 theme different 408:416 arg1 agents 450:455 complexing agents 439:455 complexing agents 439:455 15 different CDs were screened as complexing agents and chiral selectors, investigating the stability of the inclusion complexes and their enantiodiscriminating capacities. 26440287 2 42 theme different 408:416 arg1 CDs 418:420 15 different CDs 405:420 15 different CDs 405:420 15 different CDs were screened as complexing agents and chiral selectors, investigating the stability of the inclusion complexes and their enantiodiscriminating capacities. 26440287 0 43 theme enantiomers 31:41 arg1 separation 7:16 Chiral separation 0:16 Chiral separation of asenapine enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis and characterization of cyclodextrin complexes by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and molecular modeling. 0:180 Chiral separation of asenapine enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis and characterization of cyclodextrin complexes by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and molecular modeling. 26440287 5 44 theme s 1094:1094 arg1 =2.40±0.04 1096:1105 R(s)=2.40±0.04 1092:1105 R(s)=2.40±0.04 1092:1105 The developed method (160 mM TRIS-acetate buffer pH 3.5, 7 mM β-CD, at 20 °C, applying 15 kV) was successful for baseline separation of ASN enantiomers (R(s)=2.40±0.04). 26440287 5 44 theme s 1094:1094 arg1 enantiomers 1079:1089 ASN enantiomers 1075:1089 ASN enantiomers (R(s)=2.40±0.04) 1075:1106 The developed method (160 mM TRIS-acetate buffer pH 3.5, 7 mM β-CD, at 20 °C, applying 15 kV) was successful for baseline separation of ASN enantiomers (R(s)=2.40±0.04). 26440287 6 45 theme ASN 1248:1250 arg1 separation 1234:1243 the chiral separation 1223:1243 the chiral separation of ASN 1223:1250 Our method was validated according to ICH guidelines and proved to be sensitive, linear, accurate and precise for the chiral separation of ASN. 26440287 3 46 theme chiral 618:623 arg1 selectors 625:633 the applied chiral selectors 606:633 the applied chiral selectors 606:633 Although initially, none of the applied chiral selectors gave baseline separation, β-CD proved to be the most effective chiral selector. 26440287 1 47 with mania 274:278 arg1 disorder 295:302 bipolar I disorder 285:302 bipolar I disorder 285:302 The enantiomers of asenapine maleate (ASN), a novel antipsychotic against schizophrenia and mania with bipolar I disorder have been separated by cyclodextrin (CD) modified capillary zone electrophoresis for the first time. 26440287 5 48 dep buffer 981:986 arg1 pH 988:989 pH 3.5 988:993 160 mM TRIS-acetate buffer pH 3.5 961:993 The developed method (160 mM TRIS-acetate buffer pH 3.5, 7 mM β-CD, at 20 °C, applying 15 kV) was successful for baseline separation of ASN enantiomers (R(s)=2.40±0.04). 26440287 2 49 theme chiral 461:466 arg1 CDs 418:420 15 different CDs 405:420 15 different CDs 405:420 15 different CDs were screened as complexing agents and chiral selectors, investigating the stability of the inclusion complexes and their enantiodiscriminating capacities. 26440287 2 49 theme chiral 461:466 arg1 selectors 468:476 chiral selectors 461:476 chiral selectors 461:476 15 different CDs were screened as complexing agents and chiral selectors, investigating the stability of the inclusion complexes and their enantiodiscriminating capacities. 26440287 8 50 theme ASN-β-CD 1492:1499 arg1 complex 1501:1507 the ASN-β-CD complex 1488:1507 the ASN-β-CD complex 1488:1507 It was found that the ASN-β-CD complex is of 1:1 composition, and either of the aromatic rings can be accommodated in the β-CD cavity. 26440287 4 51 theme organic 849:855 arg1 concentration 808:820 the concentration 804:820 the concentration of background electrolyte 804:846 In order to improve resolution, an orthogonal experimental design was employed, altering the concentration of background electrolyte, organic modifier, pH, capillary temperature and applied voltage in a multivariate manner. 26440287 4 51 theme organic 849:855 arg1 modifier 857:864 organic modifier 849:864 organic modifier 849:864 In order to improve resolution, an orthogonal experimental design was employed, altering the concentration of background electrolyte, organic modifier, pH, capillary temperature and applied voltage in a multivariate manner. 26440287 5 52 theme R 1092:1092 arg1 =2.40±0.04 1096:1105 R(s)=2.40±0.04 1092:1105 R(s)=2.40±0.04 1092:1105 The developed method (160 mM TRIS-acetate buffer pH 3.5, 7 mM β-CD, at 20 °C, applying 15 kV) was successful for baseline separation of ASN enantiomers (R(s)=2.40±0.04). 26440287 5 52 theme R 1092:1092 arg1 enantiomers 1079:1089 ASN enantiomers 1075:1089 ASN enantiomers (R(s)=2.40±0.04) 1075:1106 The developed method (160 mM TRIS-acetate buffer pH 3.5, 7 mM β-CD, at 20 °C, applying 15 kV) was successful for baseline separation of ASN enantiomers (R(s)=2.40±0.04). 26440287 0 53 theme capillary 46:54 arg1 electrophoresis 56:70 capillary electrophoresis 46:70 capillary electrophoresis 46:70 Chiral separation of asenapine enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis and characterization of cyclodextrin complexes by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and molecular modeling. 26440287 0 54 theme molecular 162:170 arg1 modeling 172:179 molecular modeling 162:179 molecular modeling 162:179 Chiral separation of asenapine enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis and characterization of cyclodextrin complexes by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and molecular modeling. 26440287 7 55 theme molecular 1442:1450 arg1 studies 1461:1467 molecular modeling studies 1442:1467 molecular modeling studies 1442:1467 Properties of the inclusion complexes, such as stoichiometry, atomic level intermolecular host-guest connections are proposed on the basis of ROESY NMR measurement, ESI-MS spectrometry and molecular modeling studies. 26440287 1 56 with schizophrenia 256:268 arg1 disorder 295:302 bipolar I disorder 285:302 bipolar I disorder 285:302 The enantiomers of asenapine maleate (ASN), a novel antipsychotic against schizophrenia and mania with bipolar I disorder have been separated by cyclodextrin (CD) modified capillary zone electrophoresis for the first time. 26440287 7 57 theme modeling 1452:1459 arg1 studies 1461:1467 molecular modeling studies 1442:1467 molecular modeling studies 1442:1467 Properties of the inclusion complexes, such as stoichiometry, atomic level intermolecular host-guest connections are proposed on the basis of ROESY NMR measurement, ESI-MS spectrometry and molecular modeling studies. 26440287 4 58 theme multivariate 918:929 arg1 manner 931:936 a multivariate manner 916:936 a multivariate manner 916:936 In order to improve resolution, an orthogonal experimental design was employed, altering the concentration of background electrolyte, organic modifier, pH, capillary temperature and applied voltage in a multivariate manner. 26440287 3 59 theme effective 688:696 arg1 selector 705:712 the most effective chiral selector 679:712 the most effective chiral selector 679:712 Although initially, none of the applied chiral selectors gave baseline separation, β-CD proved to be the most effective chiral selector. 26440287 3 59 theme effective 688:696 arg1 β-CD 661:664 β-CD 661:664 β-CD 661:664 Although initially, none of the applied chiral selectors gave baseline separation, β-CD proved to be the most effective chiral selector. 26440287 3 60 theme baseline 640:647 arg1 separation 649:658 baseline separation 640:658 baseline separation 640:658 Although initially, none of the applied chiral selectors gave baseline separation, β-CD proved to be the most effective chiral selector. 26440287 4 61 theme background 825:834 arg1 electrolyte 836:846 background electrolyte 825:846 background electrolyte 825:846 In order to improve resolution, an orthogonal experimental design was employed, altering the concentration of background electrolyte, organic modifier, pH, capillary temperature and applied voltage in a multivariate manner. 26440287 7 62 theme NMR 1401:1403 arg1 measurement 1405:1415 ROESY NMR measurement 1395:1415 ROESY NMR measurement 1395:1415 Properties of the inclusion complexes, such as stoichiometry, atomic level intermolecular host-guest connections are proposed on the basis of ROESY NMR measurement, ESI-MS spectrometry and molecular modeling studies. 26440287 5 63 theme 160 961:963 arg1 mM 965:966 mM 965:966 mM 965:966 The developed method (160 mM TRIS-acetate buffer pH 3.5, 7 mM β-CD, at 20 °C, applying 15 kV) was successful for baseline separation of ASN enantiomers (R(s)=2.40±0.04). 26440287 7 64 theme atomic 1315:1320 arg1 connections 1354:1364 atomic level intermolecular host-guest connections 1315:1364 atomic level intermolecular host-guest connections 1315:1364 Properties of the inclusion complexes, such as stoichiometry, atomic level intermolecular host-guest connections are proposed on the basis of ROESY NMR measurement, ESI-MS spectrometry and molecular modeling studies. 26440287 7 65 theme connections 1354:1364 arg1 Properties 1253:1262 Properties 1253:1262 Properties of the inclusion complexes, such as stoichiometry, atomic level intermolecular host-guest connections 1253:1364 Properties of the inclusion complexes, such as stoichiometry, atomic level intermolecular host-guest connections are proposed on the basis of ROESY NMR measurement, ESI-MS spectrometry and molecular modeling studies. 26440287 7 66 theme ESI-MS 1418:1423 arg1 spectrometry 1425:1436 ESI-MS spectrometry 1418:1436 ESI-MS spectrometry 1418:1436 Properties of the inclusion complexes, such as stoichiometry, atomic level intermolecular host-guest connections are proposed on the basis of ROESY NMR measurement, ESI-MS spectrometry and molecular modeling studies. 26440287 5 67 theme 7 996:996 arg1 mM 998:999 mM 998:999 mM 998:999 The developed method (160 mM TRIS-acetate buffer pH 3.5, 7 mM β-CD, at 20 °C, applying 15 kV) was successful for baseline separation of ASN enantiomers (R(s)=2.40±0.04). 26440287 5 68 theme developed 943:951 arg1 method 953:958 The developed method 939:958 The developed method (160 mM TRIS-acetate buffer pH 3.5, 7 mM β-CD, at 20 °C, applying 15 kV) 939:1031 The developed method (160 mM TRIS-acetate buffer pH 3.5, 7 mM β-CD, at 20 °C, applying 15 kV) was successful for baseline separation of ASN enantiomers (R(s)=2.40±0.04). 26440287 5 68 theme developed 943:951 arg1 successful 1037:1046 successful 1037:1046 successful 1037:1046 The developed method (160 mM TRIS-acetate buffer pH 3.5, 7 mM β-CD, at 20 °C, applying 15 kV) was successful for baseline separation of ASN enantiomers (R(s)=2.40±0.04). 26440287 1 69 theme novel 228:232 arg1 antipsychotic 234:246 a novel antipsychotic 226:246 a novel antipsychotic against schizophrenia and mania with bipolar I disorder 226:302 The enantiomers of asenapine maleate (ASN), a novel antipsychotic against schizophrenia and mania with bipolar I disorder have been separated by cyclodextrin (CD) modified capillary zone electrophoresis for the first time. 26440287 1 69 theme novel 228:232 arg1 maleate 211:217 asenapine maleate 201:217 asenapine maleate (ASN) 201:223 The enantiomers of asenapine maleate (ASN), a novel antipsychotic against schizophrenia and mania with bipolar I disorder have been separated by cyclodextrin (CD) modified capillary zone electrophoresis for the first time. 26440287 8 70 theme β-CD 1592:1595 arg1 cavity 1597:1602 the β-CD cavity 1588:1602 the β-CD cavity 1588:1602 It was found that the ASN-β-CD complex is of 1:1 composition, and either of the aromatic rings can be accommodated in the β-CD cavity. 26440287 3 71 theme selectors 625:633 arg1 none 598:601 none 598:601 none of the applied chiral selectors 598:633 Although initially, none of the applied chiral selectors gave baseline separation, β-CD proved to be the most effective chiral selector. 26440287 7 72 theme ROESY 1395:1399 arg1 measurement 1405:1415 ROESY NMR measurement 1395:1415 ROESY NMR measurement 1395:1415 Properties of the inclusion complexes, such as stoichiometry, atomic level intermolecular host-guest connections are proposed on the basis of ROESY NMR measurement, ESI-MS spectrometry and molecular modeling studies. 26440287 5 73 theme enantiomers 1079:1089 arg1 separation 1061:1070 baseline separation 1052:1070 baseline separation of ASN enantiomers (R(s)=2.40±0.04) 1052:1106 The developed method (160 mM TRIS-acetate buffer pH 3.5, 7 mM β-CD, at 20 °C, applying 15 kV) was successful for baseline separation of ASN enantiomers (R(s)=2.40±0.04). 26440287 8 74 theme 1:1 1515:1517 arg1 composition 1519:1529 1:1 composition 1515:1529 1:1 composition 1515:1529 It was found that the ASN-β-CD complex is of 1:1 composition, and either of the aromatic rings can be accommodated in the β-CD cavity. 26440287 6 75 theme ICH 1147:1149 arg1 guidelines 1151:1160 ICH guidelines 1147:1160 ICH guidelines 1147:1160 Our method was validated according to ICH guidelines and proved to be sensitive, linear, accurate and precise for the chiral separation of ASN. 26440287 2 76 theme complexes 524:532 arg1 stability 497:505 the stability 493:505 the stability of the inclusion complexes and their enantiodiscriminating capacities 493:575 15 different CDs were screened as complexing agents and chiral selectors, investigating the stability of the inclusion complexes and their enantiodiscriminating capacities. 28449992 6 0 theme functional 1078:1087 arg1 characteristics 1089:1103 functional characteristics 1078:1103 functional characteristics 1078:1103 The chapattis made from the composite flour had higher SDS and resistant starch (RS) values demonstrating potential as a food with functional characteristics. 28449992 6 1 dep higher 995:1000 arg1 SDS 1002:1004 SDS 1002:1004 SDS 1002:1004 The chapattis made from the composite flour had higher SDS and resistant starch (RS) values demonstrating potential as a food with functional characteristics. 28449992 6 1 dep higher 995:1000 arg1 starch 1020:1025 resistant starch 1010:1025 resistant starch (RS) 1010:1030 The chapattis made from the composite flour had higher SDS and resistant starch (RS) values demonstrating potential as a food with functional characteristics. 28449992 6 1 dep higher 995:1000 arg1 RS 1028:1029 RS 1028:1029 RS 1028:1029 The chapattis made from the composite flour had higher SDS and resistant starch (RS) values demonstrating potential as a food with functional characteristics. 28449992 6 2 contain had 991:993 arg1 chapattis 951:959 The chapattis 947:959 The chapattis made from the composite flour 947:989 The chapattis made from the composite flour had higher SDS and resistant starch (RS) values demonstrating potential as a food with functional characteristics. 28449992 6 2 contain had 991:993 arg2 values 1032:1037 higher SDS and resistant starch (RS) values 995:1037 higher SDS and resistant starch (RS) values 995:1037 The chapattis made from the composite flour had higher SDS and resistant starch (RS) values demonstrating potential as a food with functional characteristics. 28449992 4 3 from amylose 746:752 arg1 chapatti 764:771 stored chapatti 757:771 stored chapatti 757:771 Chapattis prepared from the composite blends exhibited lower retrogradation as evident by the mixolab retrogradation index, higher values of soluble starch and soluble amylose in stored chapatti. 28449992 4 4 theme soluble 738:744 arg1 amylose 746:752 soluble amylose 738:752 soluble amylose in stored chapatti 738:771 Chapattis prepared from the composite blends exhibited lower retrogradation as evident by the mixolab retrogradation index, higher values of soluble starch and soluble amylose in stored chapatti. 28449992 2 5 theme making 288:293 arg1 behavior 313:320 The chapatti making and digestibility behavior 275:320 The chapatti making and digestibility behavior of the composite flour 275:343 The chapatti making and digestibility behavior of the composite flour was also investigated. 28449992 4 6 theme stored 757:762 arg1 chapatti 764:771 stored chapatti 757:771 stored chapatti 757:771 Chapattis prepared from the composite blends exhibited lower retrogradation as evident by the mixolab retrogradation index, higher values of soluble starch and soluble amylose in stored chapatti. 28449992 3 7 theme higher 432:437 arg1 TPC 463:465 TPC 463:465 TPC 463:465 The wheat finger millet (WFM) flour blend displayed up to 30.7% higher total phenolic content (TPC), 38.2% higher total flavonoid content (TFC) and 75.4% higher antioxidant activity (AOA) than the wheat flour. 28449992 3 7 theme higher 432:437 arg1 content 454:460 up to 30.7% higher total phenolic content 420:460 up to 30.7% higher total phenolic content (TPC) 420:466 The wheat finger millet (WFM) flour blend displayed up to 30.7% higher total phenolic content (TPC), 38.2% higher total flavonoid content (TFC) and 75.4% higher antioxidant activity (AOA) than the wheat flour. 28449992 1 8 theme composite 205:213 arg1 flour 215:219 a composite flour 203:219 a composite flour 203:219 Wheat and finger millet flour (two cultivars) were blended in the ratio (3:1) to form a composite flour and its dough properties were studied on the mixolab. 28449992 0 9 theme chapatti 74:81 arg1 quality 83:89 chapatti quality 74:89 chapatti quality 74:89 Effect of incorporating finger millet in wheat flour on mixolab behavior, chapatti quality and starch digestibility. 28449992 4 10 theme lower 633:637 arg1 retrogradation 639:652 lower retrogradation 633:652 lower retrogradation 633:652 Chapattis prepared from the composite blends exhibited lower retrogradation as evident by the mixolab retrogradation index, higher values of soluble starch and soluble amylose in stored chapatti. 28449992 0 11 theme starch 95:100 arg1 digestibility 102:114 starch digestibility 95:114 starch digestibility 95:114 Effect of incorporating finger millet in wheat flour on mixolab behavior, chapatti quality and starch digestibility. 28449992 5 12 theme digestible 785:794 arg1 starch 796:801 The slowly digestible starch 774:801 The slowly digestible starch (SDS) 774:807 The slowly digestible starch (SDS) correlated positively (R=0.816, p<0.05) with TPC and water absorption correlated positively (R=0.995, p<0.05) with damage starch content. 28449992 5 12 theme digestible 785:794 arg1 SDS 804:806 SDS 804:806 SDS 804:806 The slowly digestible starch (SDS) correlated positively (R=0.816, p<0.05) with TPC and water absorption correlated positively (R=0.995, p<0.05) with damage starch content. 28449992 4 13 theme soluble 719:725 arg1 starch 727:732 soluble starch 719:732 soluble starch 719:732 Chapattis prepared from the composite blends exhibited lower retrogradation as evident by the mixolab retrogradation index, higher values of soluble starch and soluble amylose in stored chapatti. 28449992 4 14 theme composite 606:614 arg1 blends 616:621 the composite blends 602:621 the composite blends 602:621 Chapattis prepared from the composite blends exhibited lower retrogradation as evident by the mixolab retrogradation index, higher values of soluble starch and soluble amylose in stored chapatti. 28449992 3 15 theme phenolic 445:452 arg1 TPC 463:465 TPC 463:465 TPC 463:465 The wheat finger millet (WFM) flour blend displayed up to 30.7% higher total phenolic content (TPC), 38.2% higher total flavonoid content (TFC) and 75.4% higher antioxidant activity (AOA) than the wheat flour. 28449992 3 15 theme phenolic 445:452 arg1 content 454:460 up to 30.7% higher total phenolic content 420:460 up to 30.7% higher total phenolic content (TPC) 420:466 The wheat finger millet (WFM) flour blend displayed up to 30.7% higher total phenolic content (TPC), 38.2% higher total flavonoid content (TFC) and 75.4% higher antioxidant activity (AOA) than the wheat flour. 28449992 2 16 theme flour 339:343 arg1 behavior 313:320 The chapatti making and digestibility behavior 275:320 The chapatti making and digestibility behavior of the composite flour 275:343 The chapatti making and digestibility behavior of the composite flour was also investigated. 28449992 6 17 theme resistant 1010:1018 arg1 starch 1020:1025 resistant starch 1010:1025 resistant starch (RS) 1010:1030 The chapattis made from the composite flour had higher SDS and resistant starch (RS) values demonstrating potential as a food with functional characteristics. 28449992 6 17 theme resistant 1010:1018 arg1 RS 1028:1029 RS 1028:1029 RS 1028:1029 The chapattis made from the composite flour had higher SDS and resistant starch (RS) values demonstrating potential as a food with functional characteristics. 28449992 2 18 theme composite 329:337 arg1 flour 339:343 the composite flour 325:343 the composite flour 325:343 The chapatti making and digestibility behavior of the composite flour was also investigated. 28449992 0 19 from millet 31:36 arg1 behavior 64:71 mixolab behavior 56:71 mixolab behavior 56:71 Effect of incorporating finger millet in wheat flour on mixolab behavior, chapatti quality and starch digestibility. 28449992 0 19 from millet 31:36 arg1 quality 83:89 chapatti quality 74:89 chapatti quality 74:89 Effect of incorporating finger millet in wheat flour on mixolab behavior, chapatti quality and starch digestibility. 28449992 0 19 from millet 31:36 arg1 digestibility 102:114 starch digestibility 95:114 starch digestibility 95:114 Effect of incorporating finger millet in wheat flour on mixolab behavior, chapatti quality and starch digestibility. 28449992 0 19 from millet 31:36 arg1 flour 47:51 wheat flour 41:51 wheat flour 41:51 Effect of incorporating finger millet in wheat flour on mixolab behavior, chapatti quality and starch digestibility. 28449992 3 20 dep 30.7 426:429 arg1 to 423:424 to 423:424 to 423:424 The wheat finger millet (WFM) flour blend displayed up to 30.7% higher total phenolic content (TPC), 38.2% higher total flavonoid content (TFC) and 75.4% higher antioxidant activity (AOA) than the wheat flour. 28449992 4 21 theme starch 727:732 arg1 amylose 746:752 soluble amylose 738:752 soluble amylose in stored chapatti 738:771 Chapattis prepared from the composite blends exhibited lower retrogradation as evident by the mixolab retrogradation index, higher values of soluble starch and soluble amylose in stored chapatti. 28449992 4 21 theme starch 727:732 arg1 index 695:699 the mixolab retrogradation index 668:699 the mixolab retrogradation index 668:699 Chapattis prepared from the composite blends exhibited lower retrogradation as evident by the mixolab retrogradation index, higher values of soluble starch and soluble amylose in stored chapatti. 28449992 4 21 theme starch 727:732 arg1 values 709:714 higher values 702:714 higher values of soluble starch 702:732 Chapattis prepared from the composite blends exhibited lower retrogradation as evident by the mixolab retrogradation index, higher values of soluble starch and soluble amylose in stored chapatti. 28449992 3 22 theme wheat 372:376 arg1 WFM 393:395 WFM 393:395 WFM 393:395 The wheat finger millet (WFM) flour blend displayed up to 30.7% higher total phenolic content (TPC), 38.2% higher total flavonoid content (TFC) and 75.4% higher antioxidant activity (AOA) than the wheat flour. 28449992 3 22 theme wheat 372:376 arg1 millet 385:390 wheat finger millet 372:390 The wheat finger millet (WFM) flour blend 368:408 The wheat finger millet (WFM) flour blend displayed up to 30.7% higher total phenolic content (TPC), 38.2% higher total flavonoid content (TFC) and 75.4% higher antioxidant activity (AOA) than the wheat flour. 28449992 0 23 theme finger 24:29 arg1 millet 31:36 finger millet 24:36 finger millet in wheat flour on mixolab behavior, chapatti quality and starch digestibility 24:114 Effect of incorporating finger millet in wheat flour on mixolab behavior, chapatti quality and starch digestibility. 28449992 4 24 theme higher 702:707 arg1 values 709:714 higher values 702:714 higher values of soluble starch 702:732 Chapattis prepared from the composite blends exhibited lower retrogradation as evident by the mixolab retrogradation index, higher values of soluble starch and soluble amylose in stored chapatti. 28449992 6 25 theme higher 995:1000 arg1 values 1032:1037 higher SDS and resistant starch (RS) values 995:1037 higher SDS and resistant starch (RS) values 995:1037 The chapattis made from the composite flour had higher SDS and resistant starch (RS) values demonstrating potential as a food with functional characteristics. 28449992 3 26 theme total 439:443 arg1 TPC 463:465 TPC 463:465 TPC 463:465 The wheat finger millet (WFM) flour blend displayed up to 30.7% higher total phenolic content (TPC), 38.2% higher total flavonoid content (TFC) and 75.4% higher antioxidant activity (AOA) than the wheat flour. 28449992 3 26 theme total 439:443 arg1 content 454:460 up to 30.7% higher total phenolic content 420:460 up to 30.7% higher total phenolic content (TPC) 420:466 The wheat finger millet (WFM) flour blend displayed up to 30.7% higher total phenolic content (TPC), 38.2% higher total flavonoid content (TFC) and 75.4% higher antioxidant activity (AOA) than the wheat flour. 28449992 1 27 theme dough 229:233 arg1 properties 235:244 its dough properties 225:244 its dough properties 225:244 Wheat and finger millet flour (two cultivars) were blended in the ratio (3:1) to form a composite flour and its dough properties were studied on the mixolab. 28449992 3 28 theme higher 522:527 arg1 AOA 551:553 AOA 551:553 AOA 551:553 The wheat finger millet (WFM) flour blend displayed up to 30.7% higher total phenolic content (TPC), 38.2% higher total flavonoid content (TFC) and 75.4% higher antioxidant activity (AOA) than the wheat flour. 28449992 3 28 theme higher 522:527 arg1 activity 541:548 75.4% higher antioxidant activity 516:548 75.4% higher antioxidant activity (AOA) 516:554 The wheat finger millet (WFM) flour blend displayed up to 30.7% higher total phenolic content (TPC), 38.2% higher total flavonoid content (TFC) and 75.4% higher antioxidant activity (AOA) than the wheat flour. 28449992 5 29 dep correlated 809:818 arg1 R=0.816 832:838 R=0.816 832:838 R=0.816 832:838 The slowly digestible starch (SDS) correlated positively (R=0.816, p<0.05) with TPC and water absorption correlated positively (R=0.995, p<0.05) with damage starch content. 28449992 3 30 theme flour 398:402 arg1 blend 404:408 The wheat finger millet (WFM) flour blend 368:408 The wheat finger millet (WFM) flour blend 368:408 The wheat finger millet (WFM) flour blend displayed up to 30.7% higher total phenolic content (TPC), 38.2% higher total flavonoid content (TFC) and 75.4% higher antioxidant activity (AOA) than the wheat flour. 28449992 3 31 theme antioxidant 529:539 arg1 AOA 551:553 AOA 551:553 AOA 551:553 The wheat finger millet (WFM) flour blend displayed up to 30.7% higher total phenolic content (TPC), 38.2% higher total flavonoid content (TFC) and 75.4% higher antioxidant activity (AOA) than the wheat flour. 28449992 3 31 theme antioxidant 529:539 arg1 activity 541:548 75.4% higher antioxidant activity 516:548 75.4% higher antioxidant activity (AOA) 516:554 The wheat finger millet (WFM) flour blend displayed up to 30.7% higher total phenolic content (TPC), 38.2% higher total flavonoid content (TFC) and 75.4% higher antioxidant activity (AOA) than the wheat flour. 28449992 3 32 theme flavonoid 488:496 arg1 TFC 507:509 TFC 507:509 TFC 507:509 The wheat finger millet (WFM) flour blend displayed up to 30.7% higher total phenolic content (TPC), 38.2% higher total flavonoid content (TFC) and 75.4% higher antioxidant activity (AOA) than the wheat flour. 28449992 3 32 theme flavonoid 488:496 arg1 content 498:504 38.2% higher total flavonoid content 469:504 38.2% higher total flavonoid content (TFC) 469:510 The wheat finger millet (WFM) flour blend displayed up to 30.7% higher total phenolic content (TPC), 38.2% higher total flavonoid content (TFC) and 75.4% higher antioxidant activity (AOA) than the wheat flour. 28449992 5 33 dep correlated 879:888 arg1 p<0.05 911:916 p<0.05 911:916 p<0.05 911:916 The slowly digestible starch (SDS) correlated positively (R=0.816, p<0.05) with TPC and water absorption correlated positively (R=0.995, p<0.05) with damage starch content. 28449992 3 34 theme finger 378:383 arg1 WFM 393:395 WFM 393:395 WFM 393:395 The wheat finger millet (WFM) flour blend displayed up to 30.7% higher total phenolic content (TPC), 38.2% higher total flavonoid content (TFC) and 75.4% higher antioxidant activity (AOA) than the wheat flour. 28449992 3 34 theme finger 378:383 arg1 millet 385:390 wheat finger millet 372:390 The wheat finger millet (WFM) flour blend 368:408 The wheat finger millet (WFM) flour blend displayed up to 30.7% higher total phenolic content (TPC), 38.2% higher total flavonoid content (TFC) and 75.4% higher antioxidant activity (AOA) than the wheat flour. 28449992 5 35 theme starch 931:936 arg1 content 938:944 damage starch content 924:944 damage starch content 924:944 The slowly digestible starch (SDS) correlated positively (R=0.816, p<0.05) with TPC and water absorption correlated positively (R=0.995, p<0.05) with damage starch content. 28449992 4 36 from values 709:714 arg1 chapatti 764:771 stored chapatti 757:771 stored chapatti 757:771 Chapattis prepared from the composite blends exhibited lower retrogradation as evident by the mixolab retrogradation index, higher values of soluble starch and soluble amylose in stored chapatti. 28449992 3 37 theme higher 475:480 arg1 TFC 507:509 TFC 507:509 TFC 507:509 The wheat finger millet (WFM) flour blend displayed up to 30.7% higher total phenolic content (TPC), 38.2% higher total flavonoid content (TFC) and 75.4% higher antioxidant activity (AOA) than the wheat flour. 28449992 3 37 theme higher 475:480 arg1 content 498:504 38.2% higher total flavonoid content 469:504 38.2% higher total flavonoid content (TFC) 469:510 The wheat finger millet (WFM) flour blend displayed up to 30.7% higher total phenolic content (TPC), 38.2% higher total flavonoid content (TFC) and 75.4% higher antioxidant activity (AOA) than the wheat flour. 28449992 2 38 theme chapatti 279:286 arg1 behavior 313:320 The chapatti making and digestibility behavior 275:320 The chapatti making and digestibility behavior of the composite flour 275:343 The chapatti making and digestibility behavior of the composite flour was also investigated. 28449992 0 39 theme wheat 41:45 arg1 flour 47:51 wheat flour 41:51 wheat flour 41:51 Effect of incorporating finger millet in wheat flour on mixolab behavior, chapatti quality and starch digestibility. 28449992 3 40 theme total 482:486 arg1 TFC 507:509 TFC 507:509 TFC 507:509 The wheat finger millet (WFM) flour blend displayed up to 30.7% higher total phenolic content (TPC), 38.2% higher total flavonoid content (TFC) and 75.4% higher antioxidant activity (AOA) than the wheat flour. 28449992 3 40 theme total 482:486 arg1 content 498:504 38.2% higher total flavonoid content 469:504 38.2% higher total flavonoid content (TFC) 469:510 The wheat finger millet (WFM) flour blend displayed up to 30.7% higher total phenolic content (TPC), 38.2% higher total flavonoid content (TFC) and 75.4% higher antioxidant activity (AOA) than the wheat flour. 28449992 6 41 theme composite 975:983 arg1 flour 985:989 the composite flour 971:989 the composite flour 971:989 The chapattis made from the composite flour had higher SDS and resistant starch (RS) values demonstrating potential as a food with functional characteristics. 28449992 5 42 theme water 862:866 arg1 absorption 868:877 water absorption 862:877 water absorption 862:877 The slowly digestible starch (SDS) correlated positively (R=0.816, p<0.05) with TPC and water absorption correlated positively (R=0.995, p<0.05) with damage starch content. 28449992 4 43 from index 695:699 arg1 chapatti 764:771 stored chapatti 757:771 stored chapatti 757:771 Chapattis prepared from the composite blends exhibited lower retrogradation as evident by the mixolab retrogradation index, higher values of soluble starch and soluble amylose in stored chapatti. 28449992 5 44 dep R=0.816 832:838 arg1 p<0.05 841:846 p<0.05 841:846 p<0.05 841:846 The slowly digestible starch (SDS) correlated positively (R=0.816, p<0.05) with TPC and water absorption correlated positively (R=0.995, p<0.05) with damage starch content. 28449992 5 45 theme damage 924:929 arg1 content 938:944 damage starch content 924:944 damage starch content 924:944 The slowly digestible starch (SDS) correlated positively (R=0.816, p<0.05) with TPC and water absorption correlated positively (R=0.995, p<0.05) with damage starch content. 28449992 1 46 theme millet 134:139 arg1 flour 141:145 finger millet flour 127:145 finger millet flour (two cultivars) 127:161 Wheat and finger millet flour (two cultivars) were blended in the ratio (3:1) to form a composite flour and its dough properties were studied on the mixolab. 28449992 1 46 theme millet 134:139 arg1 cultivars 152:160 two cultivars 148:160 two cultivars 148:160 Wheat and finger millet flour (two cultivars) were blended in the ratio (3:1) to form a composite flour and its dough properties were studied on the mixolab. 28449992 0 47 theme mixolab 56:62 arg1 behavior 64:71 mixolab behavior 56:71 mixolab behavior 56:71 Effect of incorporating finger millet in wheat flour on mixolab behavior, chapatti quality and starch digestibility. 28449992 4 48 theme retrogradation 680:693 arg1 index 695:699 the mixolab retrogradation index 668:699 the mixolab retrogradation index 668:699 Chapattis prepared from the composite blends exhibited lower retrogradation as evident by the mixolab retrogradation index, higher values of soluble starch and soluble amylose in stored chapatti. 28449992 1 49 theme finger 127:132 arg1 flour 141:145 finger millet flour 127:145 finger millet flour (two cultivars) 127:161 Wheat and finger millet flour (two cultivars) were blended in the ratio (3:1) to form a composite flour and its dough properties were studied on the mixolab. 28449992 1 49 theme finger 127:132 arg1 cultivars 152:160 two cultivars 148:160 two cultivars 148:160 Wheat and finger millet flour (two cultivars) were blended in the ratio (3:1) to form a composite flour and its dough properties were studied on the mixolab. 28449992 3 50 theme millet 385:390 arg1 blend 404:408 The wheat finger millet (WFM) flour blend 368:408 The wheat finger millet (WFM) flour blend 368:408 The wheat finger millet (WFM) flour blend displayed up to 30.7% higher total phenolic content (TPC), 38.2% higher total flavonoid content (TFC) and 75.4% higher antioxidant activity (AOA) than the wheat flour. 28449992 3 51 theme wheat 565:569 arg1 flour 571:575 the wheat flour 561:575 the wheat flour 561:575 The wheat finger millet (WFM) flour blend displayed up to 30.7% higher total phenolic content (TPC), 38.2% higher total flavonoid content (TFC) and 75.4% higher antioxidant activity (AOA) than the wheat flour. 28449992 4 52 theme mixolab 672:678 arg1 index 695:699 the mixolab retrogradation index 668:699 the mixolab retrogradation index 668:699 Chapattis prepared from the composite blends exhibited lower retrogradation as evident by the mixolab retrogradation index, higher values of soluble starch and soluble amylose in stored chapatti. 28449992 2 53 theme digestibility 299:311 arg1 behavior 313:320 The chapatti making and digestibility behavior 275:320 The chapatti making and digestibility behavior of the composite flour 275:343 The chapatti making and digestibility behavior of the composite flour was also investigated. 28449992 6 54 with food 1068:1071 arg1 characteristics 1089:1103 functional characteristics 1078:1103 functional characteristics 1078:1103 The chapattis made from the composite flour had higher SDS and resistant starch (RS) values demonstrating potential as a food with functional characteristics. 28257881 11 0 from condition 1729:1737 arg1 HCl 1778:1780 0.1N HCl 1773:1780 0.1N HCl 1773:1780 Drug release was well controlled up to 12h in the sink condition of 0.5% sodium lauryl sulphate in 0.1N HCl. 28257881 10 1 theme ex 1476:1477 arg1 5mN/pellet 1561:1570 5mN/pellet 1561:1570 5mN/pellet 1561:1570 The ex vivo bioadhesion force of the pellets to porcine stomach mucosa was approximately 5mN/pellet, which was more than five times higher than the gravitation force of the pellet saturated with water. 28257881 10 1 theme ex 1476:1477 arg1 force 1496:1500 The ex vivo bioadhesion force 1472:1500 The ex vivo bioadhesion force of the pellets to porcine stomach mucosa 1472:1541 The ex vivo bioadhesion force of the pellets to porcine stomach mucosa was approximately 5mN/pellet, which was more than five times higher than the gravitation force of the pellet saturated with water. 28257881 14 2 theme HPMC 2204:2207 arg1 content 2210:2216 hypromellose (HPMC) content 2190:2216 hypromellose (HPMC) content 2190:2216 All input factors significantly affected dissolution in the first 3h, but afterwards, only drug load and hypromellose (HPMC) content had significant effects. 28257881 2 3 theme bioadhesive 350:360 arg1 pellets 371:377 The bioadhesive floating pellets 346:377 The bioadhesive floating pellets 346:377 The bioadhesive floating pellets, loaded with an amorphous solid dispersion, were prepared in a single step of hot-melt extrusion technology. 28257881 1 4 theme gastric 246:252 arg1 emptying 254:261 gastric emptying 246:261 gastric emptying 246:261 In the present study, we aimed to prepare a gastroretentive drug delivery system that would be both highly resistant to gastric emptying via multiple mechanisms and would also potentially induce in situ supersaturation. 28257881 10 5 theme pellets 1509:1515 arg1 5mN/pellet 1561:1570 5mN/pellet 1561:1570 5mN/pellet 1561:1570 The ex vivo bioadhesion force of the pellets to porcine stomach mucosa was approximately 5mN/pellet, which was more than five times higher than the gravitation force of the pellet saturated with water. 28257881 10 5 theme pellets 1509:1515 arg1 force 1496:1500 The ex vivo bioadhesion force 1472:1500 The ex vivo bioadhesion force of the pellets to porcine stomach mucosa 1472:1541 The ex vivo bioadhesion force of the pellets to porcine stomach mucosa was approximately 5mN/pellet, which was more than five times higher than the gravitation force of the pellet saturated with water. 28257881 14 6 theme hypromellose 2190:2201 arg1 content 2210:2216 hypromellose (HPMC) content 2190:2216 hypromellose (HPMC) content 2190:2216 All input factors significantly affected dissolution in the first 3h, but afterwards, only drug load and hypromellose (HPMC) content had significant effects. 28257881 11 7 theme 0.1N 1773:1776 arg1 HCl 1778:1780 0.1N HCl 1773:1780 0.1N HCl 1773:1780 Drug release was well controlled up to 12h in the sink condition of 0.5% sodium lauryl sulphate in 0.1N HCl. 28257881 11 8 from 12h 1713:1715 arg1 condition 1729:1737 the sink condition 1720:1737 the sink condition of 0.5% sodium lauryl sulphate in 0.1N HCl 1720:1780 Drug release was well controlled up to 12h in the sink condition of 0.5% sodium lauryl sulphate in 0.1N HCl. 28257881 6 9 from " 1036:1036 arg1 matrix 1053:1058 the polymer matrix 1041:1058 the polymer matrix 1041:1058 The melt-extrusion process transformed the crystalline felodipine into an amorphous state that was dispersed and "frozen" in the polymer matrix. 28257881 0 10 theme Dual-mechanism 0:13 arg1 system 45:50 Dual-mechanism gastroretentive drug delivery system 0:50 Dual-mechanism gastroretentive drug delivery system 0:50 Dual-mechanism gastroretentive drug delivery system loaded with an amorphous solid dispersion prepared by hot-melt extrusion. 28257881 9 11 theme bicarbonate 1384:1394 arg1 percentage 1396:1405 The sodium bicarbonate percentage 1373:1405 The sodium bicarbonate percentage 1373:1405 The sodium bicarbonate percentage was found to be most significantly effect to the floating force. 28257881 9 11 theme bicarbonate 1384:1394 arg1 effect 1442:1447 effect 1442:1447 effect to the floating force 1442:1469 The sodium bicarbonate percentage was found to be most significantly effect to the floating force. 28257881 14 12 theme only 2171:2174 arg1 load 2181:2184 only drug load 2171:2184 only drug load 2171:2184 All input factors significantly affected dissolution in the first 3h, but afterwards, only drug load and hypromellose (HPMC) content had significant effects. 28257881 1 13 theme drug 186:189 arg1 system 200:205 a gastroretentive drug delivery system 168:205 a gastroretentive drug delivery system that would be both highly resistant to gastric emptying via multiple mechanisms and would also potentially induce in situ supersaturation 168:343 In the present study, we aimed to prepare a gastroretentive drug delivery system that would be both highly resistant to gastric emptying via multiple mechanisms and would also potentially induce in situ supersaturation. 28257881 1 13 theme drug 186:189 arg1 resistant 233:241 resistant 233:241 resistant 233:241 In the present study, we aimed to prepare a gastroretentive drug delivery system that would be both highly resistant to gastric emptying via multiple mechanisms and would also potentially induce in situ supersaturation. 28257881 8 14 theme pellet-specific 1222:1236 arg1 high 1272:1275 high 1272:1275 high 1272:1275 The pellet-specific floating force, which could be as high as 4800μN/g, increased significantly during the first hour, and was relatively stable until 9h. 28257881 8 14 theme pellet-specific 1222:1236 arg1 stable 1356:1361 stable 1356:1361 stable 1356:1361 The pellet-specific floating force, which could be as high as 4800μN/g, increased significantly during the first hour, and was relatively stable until 9h. 28257881 8 14 theme pellet-specific 1222:1236 arg1 force 1247:1251 The pellet-specific floating force 1218:1251 The pellet-specific floating force 1218:1251 The pellet-specific floating force, which could be as high as 4800μN/g, increased significantly during the first hour, and was relatively stable until 9h. 28257881 10 15 theme porcine 1520:1526 arg1 mucosa 1536:1541 porcine stomach mucosa 1520:1541 porcine stomach mucosa 1520:1541 The ex vivo bioadhesion force of the pellets to porcine stomach mucosa was approximately 5mN/pellet, which was more than five times higher than the gravitation force of the pellet saturated with water. 28257881 10 16 theme pellet 1645:1650 arg1 force 1632:1636 the gravitation force 1616:1636 the gravitation force of the pellet saturated with water 1616:1671 The ex vivo bioadhesion force of the pellets to porcine stomach mucosa was approximately 5mN/pellet, which was more than five times higher than the gravitation force of the pellet saturated with water. 28257881 16 17 dep CID 2484:2486 arg1 71306830 2489:2496 71306830 2489:2496 71306830 2489:2496 CHEMICAL Felodipine (PubChem CID: 3333); hypromellose (PubChem CID: 57503849), hydroxypropyl cellulose (PubChem CID: 71306830), sodium bicarbonate (PubChem CID: 516892); sodium carbonate (PubChem CID: 10340). 28257881 3 18 used used 563:566 arg2 MF 521:522 Klucel™ MF 513:522 Klucel™ MF 513:522 Hydroxypropyl cellulose (Klucel™ MF) and hypromellose (Benecel™ K15M) were used as matrix-forming polymers, and felodipine was used as the model drug. 28257881 3 18 used used 563:566 arg2 cellulose 502:510 Hydroxypropyl cellulose 488:510 Hydroxypropyl cellulose (Klucel™ MF) 488:523 Hydroxypropyl cellulose (Klucel™ MF) and hypromellose (Benecel™ K15M) were used as matrix-forming polymers, and felodipine was used as the model drug. 28257881 3 18 used used 563:566 arg2 K15M 552:555 K15M 552:555 K15M 552:555 Hydroxypropyl cellulose (Klucel™ MF) and hypromellose (Benecel™ K15M) were used as matrix-forming polymers, and felodipine was used as the model drug. 28257881 3 18 used used 563:566 arg2 hypromellose 529:540 hypromellose 529:540 hypromellose (Benecel™ K15M) 529:556 Hydroxypropyl cellulose (Klucel™ MF) and hypromellose (Benecel™ K15M) were used as matrix-forming polymers, and felodipine was used as the model drug. 28257881 3 18 used used 563:566 arg2 polymers 586:593 matrix-forming polymers 571:593 matrix-forming polymers 571:593 Hydroxypropyl cellulose (Klucel™ MF) and hypromellose (Benecel™ K15M) were used as matrix-forming polymers, and felodipine was used as the model drug. 28257881 11 19 theme 0.5 1742:1744 arg1 % 1745:1745 % 1745:1745 % 1745:1745 Drug release was well controlled up to 12h in the sink condition of 0.5% sodium lauryl sulphate in 0.1N HCl. 28257881 16 20 dep Felodipine 2381:2390 arg1 hypromellose 2413:2424 hypromellose 2413:2424 hypromellose (PubChem CID: 57503849) 2413:2448 CHEMICAL Felodipine (PubChem CID: 3333); hypromellose (PubChem CID: 57503849), hydroxypropyl cellulose (PubChem CID: 71306830), sodium bicarbonate (PubChem CID: 516892); sodium carbonate (PubChem CID: 10340). 28257881 16 20 dep Felodipine 2381:2390 arg1 CID 2401:2403 PubChem CID 2393:2403 PubChem CID: 3333 2393:2409 CHEMICAL Felodipine (PubChem CID: 3333); hypromellose (PubChem CID: 57503849), hydroxypropyl cellulose (PubChem CID: 71306830), sodium bicarbonate (PubChem CID: 516892); sodium carbonate (PubChem CID: 10340). 28257881 16 20 dep Felodipine 2381:2390 arg1 carbonate 2549:2557 sodium carbonate 2542:2557 sodium carbonate (PubChem CID: 10340) 2542:2578 CHEMICAL Felodipine (PubChem CID: 3333); hypromellose (PubChem CID: 57503849), hydroxypropyl cellulose (PubChem CID: 71306830), sodium bicarbonate (PubChem CID: 516892); sodium carbonate (PubChem CID: 10340). 28257881 0 21 theme delivery 36:43 arg1 system 45:50 Dual-mechanism gastroretentive drug delivery system 0:50 Dual-mechanism gastroretentive drug delivery system 0:50 Dual-mechanism gastroretentive drug delivery system loaded with an amorphous solid dispersion prepared by hot-melt extrusion. 28257881 5 22 theme full 787:790 arg1 design 815:820 A 2n full factorial experimental design 782:820 A 2n full factorial experimental design 782:820 A 2n full factorial experimental design was utilized to investigate the effects of formulation compositions to the pellet properties. 28257881 16 23 theme PubChem 2427:2433 arg1 CID 2435:2437 PubChem CID 2427:2437 PubChem CID: 57503849 2427:2447 CHEMICAL Felodipine (PubChem CID: 3333); hypromellose (PubChem CID: 57503849), hydroxypropyl cellulose (PubChem CID: 71306830), sodium bicarbonate (PubChem CID: 516892); sodium carbonate (PubChem CID: 10340). 28257881 10 24 dep ex 1476:1477 arg1 vivo 1479:1482 vivo 1479:1482 vivo 1479:1482 The ex vivo bioadhesion force of the pellets to porcine stomach mucosa was approximately 5mN/pellet, which was more than five times higher than the gravitation force of the pellet saturated with water. 28257881 3 25 theme matrix-forming 571:584 arg1 polymers 586:593 matrix-forming polymers 571:593 matrix-forming polymers 571:593 Hydroxypropyl cellulose (Klucel™ MF) and hypromellose (Benecel™ K15M) were used as matrix-forming polymers, and felodipine was used as the model drug. 28257881 3 25 theme matrix-forming 571:584 arg1 cellulose 502:510 Hydroxypropyl cellulose 488:510 Hydroxypropyl cellulose (Klucel™ MF) 488:523 Hydroxypropyl cellulose (Klucel™ MF) and hypromellose (Benecel™ K15M) were used as matrix-forming polymers, and felodipine was used as the model drug. 28257881 3 25 theme matrix-forming 571:584 arg1 hypromellose 529:540 hypromellose 529:540 hypromellose (Benecel™ K15M) 529:556 Hydroxypropyl cellulose (Klucel™ MF) and hypromellose (Benecel™ K15M) were used as matrix-forming polymers, and felodipine was used as the model drug. 28257881 15 26 theme great 2281:2285 arg1 potential 2287:2295 great potential 2281:2295 great potential 2281:2295 The prepared drug delivery system has great potential in overcoming low and fluctuating bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. 28257881 5 27 theme pellet 897:902 arg1 properties 904:913 the pellet properties 893:913 the pellet properties 893:913 A 2n full factorial experimental design was utilized to investigate the effects of formulation compositions to the pellet properties. 28257881 14 28 contain had 2218:2220 arg1 load 2181:2184 only drug load 2171:2184 only drug load 2171:2184 All input factors significantly affected dissolution in the first 3h, but afterwards, only drug load and hypromellose (HPMC) content had significant effects. 28257881 14 28 contain had 2218:2220 arg2 effects 2234:2240 significant effects 2222:2240 significant effects 2222:2240 All input factors significantly affected dissolution in the first 3h, but afterwards, only drug load and hypromellose (HPMC) content had significant effects. 28257881 14 28 contain had 2218:2220 arg1 content 2210:2216 hypromellose (HPMC) content 2190:2216 hypromellose (HPMC) content 2190:2216 All input factors significantly affected dissolution in the first 3h, but afterwards, only drug load and hypromellose (HPMC) content had significant effects. 28257881 4 29 theme CO2 698:700 arg1 expansion 685:693 the expansion 681:693 the expansion 681:693 The foam pellets were fabricated based on the expansion of CO2, which was generated from sodium bicarbonate during the melt-extrusion process. 28257881 12 30 from 5 1808:1808 arg1 dissolution 1787:1797 The dissolution 1783:1797 The dissolution at 1, 3, 5, and 8h 1783:1816 The dissolution at 1, 3, 5, and 8h were 5-12%, 25-45%, 55-80%, and ≥75% respectively for all 11 formulations. 28257881 12 30 from 5 1808:1808 arg1 % 1827:1827 5-12% 1823:1827 5-12% 1823:1827 The dissolution at 1, 3, 5, and 8h were 5-12%, 25-45%, 55-80%, and ≥75% respectively for all 11 formulations. 28257881 16 31 theme PubChem 2560:2566 arg1 CID 2568:2570 PubChem CID 2560:2570 PubChem CID: 10340 2560:2577 CHEMICAL Felodipine (PubChem CID: 3333); hypromellose (PubChem CID: 57503849), hydroxypropyl cellulose (PubChem CID: 71306830), sodium bicarbonate (PubChem CID: 516892); sodium carbonate (PubChem CID: 10340). 28257881 0 32 theme amorphous 67:75 arg1 dispersion 83:92 an amorphous solid dispersion 64:92 an amorphous solid dispersion prepared by hot-melt extrusion 64:123 Dual-mechanism gastroretentive drug delivery system loaded with an amorphous solid dispersion prepared by hot-melt extrusion. 28257881 11 33 dep 12h 1713:1715 arg1 up 1707:1708 up 1707:1708 up 1707:1708 Drug release was well controlled up to 12h in the sink condition of 0.5% sodium lauryl sulphate in 0.1N HCl. 28257881 5 34 theme factorial 792:800 arg1 design 815:820 A 2n full factorial experimental design 782:820 A 2n full factorial experimental design 782:820 A 2n full factorial experimental design was utilized to investigate the effects of formulation compositions to the pellet properties. 28257881 15 35 theme drug 2256:2259 arg1 system 2270:2275 The prepared drug delivery system 2243:2275 The prepared drug delivery system 2243:2275 The prepared drug delivery system has great potential in overcoming low and fluctuating bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. 28257881 5 36 theme formulation 865:875 arg1 compositions 877:888 formulation compositions 865:888 formulation compositions 865:888 A 2n full factorial experimental design was utilized to investigate the effects of formulation compositions to the pellet properties. 28257881 12 37 from 3 1805:1805 arg1 dissolution 1787:1797 The dissolution 1783:1797 The dissolution at 1, 3, 5, and 8h 1783:1816 The dissolution at 1, 3, 5, and 8h were 5-12%, 25-45%, 55-80%, and ≥75% respectively for all 11 formulations. 28257881 12 37 from 3 1805:1805 arg1 % 1827:1827 5-12% 1823:1827 5-12% 1823:1827 The dissolution at 1, 3, 5, and 8h were 5-12%, 25-45%, 55-80%, and ≥75% respectively for all 11 formulations. 28257881 3 38 used used 615:618 arg2 felodipine 600:609 felodipine 600:609 felodipine 600:609 Hydroxypropyl cellulose (Klucel™ MF) and hypromellose (Benecel™ K15M) were used as matrix-forming polymers, and felodipine was used as the model drug. 28257881 3 38 used used 615:618 arg2 drug 633:636 the model drug 623:636 the model drug 623:636 Hydroxypropyl cellulose (Klucel™ MF) and hypromellose (Benecel™ K15M) were used as matrix-forming polymers, and felodipine was used as the model drug. 28257881 16 39 dep cellulose 2465:2473 arg1 CID 2484:2486 PubChem CID 2476:2486 PubChem CID: 71306830 2476:2496 CHEMICAL Felodipine (PubChem CID: 3333); hypromellose (PubChem CID: 57503849), hydroxypropyl cellulose (PubChem CID: 71306830), sodium bicarbonate (PubChem CID: 516892); sodium carbonate (PubChem CID: 10340). 28257881 13 40 theme biorelevant 1896:1906 arg1 medium 1920:1925 biorelevant dissolution medium 1896:1925 biorelevant dissolution medium 1896:1925 In biorelevant dissolution medium, a supersaturated solution was formed, and the concentration was maintained at around 2μg/mL, approximately 10-folds higher than that of the pure felodipine. 28257881 15 41 theme soluble 2357:2363 arg1 drugs 2365:2369 poorly soluble drugs 2350:2369 poorly soluble drugs 2350:2369 The prepared drug delivery system has great potential in overcoming low and fluctuating bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. 28257881 12 42 from 1 1802:1802 arg1 dissolution 1787:1797 The dissolution 1783:1797 The dissolution at 1, 3, 5, and 8h 1783:1816 The dissolution at 1, 3, 5, and 8h were 5-12%, 25-45%, 55-80%, and ≥75% respectively for all 11 formulations. 28257881 12 42 from 1 1802:1802 arg1 % 1827:1827 5-12% 1823:1827 5-12% 1823:1827 The dissolution at 1, 3, 5, and 8h were 5-12%, 25-45%, 55-80%, and ≥75% respectively for all 11 formulations. 28257881 4 43 theme sodium 728:733 arg1 bicarbonate 735:745 sodium bicarbonate 728:745 sodium bicarbonate 728:745 The foam pellets were fabricated based on the expansion of CO2, which was generated from sodium bicarbonate during the melt-extrusion process. 28257881 1 44 dep in 321:322 arg1 situ 324:327 situ 324:327 situ 324:327 In the present study, we aimed to prepare a gastroretentive drug delivery system that would be both highly resistant to gastric emptying via multiple mechanisms and would also potentially induce in situ supersaturation. 28257881 2 45 theme amorphous 395:403 arg1 dispersion 411:420 an amorphous solid dispersion 392:420 an amorphous solid dispersion 392:420 The bioadhesive floating pellets, loaded with an amorphous solid dispersion, were prepared in a single step of hot-melt extrusion technology. 28257881 15 46 theme fluctuating 2319:2329 arg1 bioavailability 2331:2345 low and fluctuating bioavailability 2311:2345 low and fluctuating bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs 2311:2369 The prepared drug delivery system has great potential in overcoming low and fluctuating bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. 28257881 2 47 theme single 442:447 arg1 step 449:452 a single step 440:452 a single step of hot-melt extrusion technology 440:485 The bioadhesive floating pellets, loaded with an amorphous solid dispersion, were prepared in a single step of hot-melt extrusion technology. 28257881 8 48 theme first 1325:1329 arg1 hour 1331:1334 the first hour 1321:1334 the first hour 1321:1334 The pellet-specific floating force, which could be as high as 4800μN/g, increased significantly during the first hour, and was relatively stable until 9h. 28257881 14 49 theme input 2089:2093 arg1 factors 2095:2101 All input factors 2085:2101 All input factors 2085:2101 All input factors significantly affected dissolution in the first 3h, but afterwards, only drug load and hypromellose (HPMC) content had significant effects. 28257881 5 50 theme 2n 784:785 arg1 design 815:820 A 2n full factorial experimental design 782:820 A 2n full factorial experimental design 782:820 A 2n full factorial experimental design was utilized to investigate the effects of formulation compositions to the pellet properties. 28257881 1 51 theme multiple 267:274 arg1 mechanisms 276:285 multiple mechanisms 267:285 multiple mechanisms 267:285 In the present study, we aimed to prepare a gastroretentive drug delivery system that would be both highly resistant to gastric emptying via multiple mechanisms and would also potentially induce in situ supersaturation. 28257881 15 52 theme low 2311:2313 arg1 bioavailability 2331:2345 low and fluctuating bioavailability 2311:2345 low and fluctuating bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs 2311:2369 The prepared drug delivery system has great potential in overcoming low and fluctuating bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. 28257881 6 53 theme polymer 1045:1051 arg1 matrix 1053:1058 the polymer matrix 1041:1058 the polymer matrix 1041:1058 The melt-extrusion process transformed the crystalline felodipine into an amorphous state that was dispersed and "frozen" in the polymer matrix. 28257881 0 54 theme drug 31:34 arg1 system 45:50 Dual-mechanism gastroretentive drug delivery system 0:50 Dual-mechanism gastroretentive drug delivery system 0:50 Dual-mechanism gastroretentive drug delivery system loaded with an amorphous solid dispersion prepared by hot-melt extrusion. 28257881 16 55 dep CID 2435:2437 arg1 57503849 2440:2447 57503849 2440:2447 57503849 2440:2447 CHEMICAL Felodipine (PubChem CID: 3333); hypromellose (PubChem CID: 57503849), hydroxypropyl cellulose (PubChem CID: 71306830), sodium bicarbonate (PubChem CID: 516892); sodium carbonate (PubChem CID: 10340). 28257881 16 56 dep CID 2568:2570 arg1 10340 2573:2577 10340 2573:2577 10340 2573:2577 CHEMICAL Felodipine (PubChem CID: 3333); hypromellose (PubChem CID: 57503849), hydroxypropyl cellulose (PubChem CID: 71306830), sodium bicarbonate (PubChem CID: 516892); sodium carbonate (PubChem CID: 10340). 28257881 9 57 theme floating 1456:1463 arg1 force 1465:1469 the floating force 1452:1469 the floating force 1452:1469 The sodium bicarbonate percentage was found to be most significantly effect to the floating force. 28257881 2 58 theme extrusion 466:474 arg1 technology 476:485 hot-melt extrusion technology 457:485 hot-melt extrusion technology 457:485 The bioadhesive floating pellets, loaded with an amorphous solid dispersion, were prepared in a single step of hot-melt extrusion technology. 28257881 16 59 dep CID 2528:2530 arg1 516892 2533:2538 516892 2533:2538 516892 2533:2538 CHEMICAL Felodipine (PubChem CID: 3333); hypromellose (PubChem CID: 57503849), hydroxypropyl cellulose (PubChem CID: 71306830), sodium bicarbonate (PubChem CID: 516892); sodium carbonate (PubChem CID: 10340). 28257881 6 60 theme frozen 1030:1035 arg1 " 1036:1036 "frozen" 1029:1036 "frozen" 1029:1036 The melt-extrusion process transformed the crystalline felodipine into an amorphous state that was dispersed and "frozen" in the polymer matrix. 28257881 11 61 theme sulphate 1761:1768 arg1 condition 1729:1737 the sink condition 1720:1737 the sink condition of 0.5% sodium lauryl sulphate in 0.1N HCl 1720:1780 Drug release was well controlled up to 12h in the sink condition of 0.5% sodium lauryl sulphate in 0.1N HCl. 28257881 10 62 with saturated 1652:1660 arg1 water 1667:1671 water 1667:1671 water 1667:1671 The ex vivo bioadhesion force of the pellets to porcine stomach mucosa was approximately 5mN/pellet, which was more than five times higher than the gravitation force of the pellet saturated with water. 28257881 4 63 theme melt-extrusion 758:771 arg1 process 773:779 the melt-extrusion process 754:779 the melt-extrusion process 754:779 The foam pellets were fabricated based on the expansion of CO2, which was generated from sodium bicarbonate during the melt-extrusion process. 28257881 11 64 theme sodium 1747:1752 arg1 sulphate 1761:1768 0.5% sodium lauryl sulphate 1742:1768 0.5% sodium lauryl sulphate 1742:1768 Drug release was well controlled up to 12h in the sink condition of 0.5% sodium lauryl sulphate in 0.1N HCl. 28257881 12 65 from 8h 1815:1816 arg1 dissolution 1787:1797 The dissolution 1783:1797 The dissolution at 1, 3, 5, and 8h 1783:1816 The dissolution at 1, 3, 5, and 8h were 5-12%, 25-45%, 55-80%, and ≥75% respectively for all 11 formulations. 28257881 12 65 from 8h 1815:1816 arg1 % 1827:1827 5-12% 1823:1827 5-12% 1823:1827 The dissolution at 1, 3, 5, and 8h were 5-12%, 25-45%, 55-80%, and ≥75% respectively for all 11 formulations. 28257881 16 66 theme hydroxypropyl 2451:2463 arg1 Felodipine 2381:2390 CHEMICAL Felodipine 2372:2390 CHEMICAL Felodipine (PubChem CID: 3333) 2372:2410 CHEMICAL Felodipine (PubChem CID: 3333); hypromellose (PubChem CID: 57503849), hydroxypropyl cellulose (PubChem CID: 71306830), sodium bicarbonate (PubChem CID: 516892); sodium carbonate (PubChem CID: 10340). 28257881 16 66 theme hydroxypropyl 2451:2463 arg1 cellulose 2465:2473 hydroxypropyl cellulose 2451:2473 hydroxypropyl cellulose (PubChem CID: 71306830) 2451:2497 CHEMICAL Felodipine (PubChem CID: 3333); hypromellose (PubChem CID: 57503849), hydroxypropyl cellulose (PubChem CID: 71306830), sodium bicarbonate (PubChem CID: 516892); sodium carbonate (PubChem CID: 10340). 28257881 16 67 theme PubChem 2520:2526 arg1 CID 2528:2530 PubChem CID 2520:2530 PubChem CID: 516892 2520:2538 CHEMICAL Felodipine (PubChem CID: 3333); hypromellose (PubChem CID: 57503849), hydroxypropyl cellulose (PubChem CID: 71306830), sodium bicarbonate (PubChem CID: 516892); sodium carbonate (PubChem CID: 10340). 28257881 10 68 theme five 1593:1596 arg1 times 1598:1602 times 1598:1602 times 1598:1602 The ex vivo bioadhesion force of the pellets to porcine stomach mucosa was approximately 5mN/pellet, which was more than five times higher than the gravitation force of the pellet saturated with water. 28257881 14 69 from dissolution 2126:2136 arg1 3h 2151:2152 the first 3h 2141:2152 the first 3h 2141:2152 All input factors significantly affected dissolution in the first 3h, but afterwards, only drug load and hypromellose (HPMC) content had significant effects. 28257881 15 70 contain has 2277:2279 arg1 system 2270:2275 The prepared drug delivery system 2243:2275 The prepared drug delivery system 2243:2275 The prepared drug delivery system has great potential in overcoming low and fluctuating bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. 28257881 15 70 contain has 2277:2279 arg2 potential 2287:2295 great potential 2281:2295 great potential 2281:2295 The prepared drug delivery system has great potential in overcoming low and fluctuating bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. 28257881 2 71 theme floating 362:369 arg1 pellets 371:377 The bioadhesive floating pellets 346:377 The bioadhesive floating pellets 346:377 The bioadhesive floating pellets, loaded with an amorphous solid dispersion, were prepared in a single step of hot-melt extrusion technology. 28257881 5 72 used utilized 826:833 arg2 design 815:820 A 2n full factorial experimental design 782:820 A 2n full factorial experimental design 782:820 A 2n full factorial experimental design was utilized to investigate the effects of formulation compositions to the pellet properties. 28257881 3 73 theme Hydroxypropyl 488:500 arg1 polymers 586:593 matrix-forming polymers 571:593 matrix-forming polymers 571:593 Hydroxypropyl cellulose (Klucel™ MF) and hypromellose (Benecel™ K15M) were used as matrix-forming polymers, and felodipine was used as the model drug. 28257881 3 73 theme Hydroxypropyl 488:500 arg1 cellulose 502:510 Hydroxypropyl cellulose 488:510 Hydroxypropyl cellulose (Klucel™ MF) 488:523 Hydroxypropyl cellulose (Klucel™ MF) and hypromellose (Benecel™ K15M) were used as matrix-forming polymers, and felodipine was used as the model drug. 28257881 3 73 theme Hydroxypropyl 488:500 arg1 MF 521:522 Klucel™ MF 513:522 Klucel™ MF 513:522 Hydroxypropyl cellulose (Klucel™ MF) and hypromellose (Benecel™ K15M) were used as matrix-forming polymers, and felodipine was used as the model drug. 28257881 3 73 theme Hydroxypropyl 488:500 arg1 hypromellose 529:540 hypromellose 529:540 hypromellose (Benecel™ K15M) 529:556 Hydroxypropyl cellulose (Klucel™ MF) and hypromellose (Benecel™ K15M) were used as matrix-forming polymers, and felodipine was used as the model drug. 28257881 7 74 theme high 1085:1088 arg1 porosity 1090:1097 high porosity 1085:1097 high porosity 1085:1097 All formulations showed high porosity and were able to float immediately, without lag time, on top of gastric fluid, and maintained their buoyancy over 12h. 28257881 9 75 theme sodium 1377:1382 arg1 percentage 1396:1405 The sodium bicarbonate percentage 1373:1405 The sodium bicarbonate percentage 1373:1405 The sodium bicarbonate percentage was found to be most significantly effect to the floating force. 28257881 9 75 theme sodium 1377:1382 arg1 effect 1442:1447 effect 1442:1447 effect to the floating force 1442:1469 The sodium bicarbonate percentage was found to be most significantly effect to the floating force. 28257881 14 76 theme drug 2176:2179 arg1 load 2181:2184 only drug load 2171:2184 only drug load 2171:2184 All input factors significantly affected dissolution in the first 3h, but afterwards, only drug load and hypromellose (HPMC) content had significant effects. 28257881 1 77 theme gastroretentive 170:184 arg1 system 200:205 a gastroretentive drug delivery system 168:205 a gastroretentive drug delivery system that would be both highly resistant to gastric emptying via multiple mechanisms and would also potentially induce in situ supersaturation 168:343 In the present study, we aimed to prepare a gastroretentive drug delivery system that would be both highly resistant to gastric emptying via multiple mechanisms and would also potentially induce in situ supersaturation. 28257881 1 77 theme gastroretentive 170:184 arg1 resistant 233:241 resistant 233:241 resistant 233:241 In the present study, we aimed to prepare a gastroretentive drug delivery system that would be both highly resistant to gastric emptying via multiple mechanisms and would also potentially induce in situ supersaturation. 28257881 4 78 theme foam 643:646 arg1 pellets 648:654 The foam pellets 639:654 The foam pellets 639:654 The foam pellets were fabricated based on the expansion of CO2, which was generated from sodium bicarbonate during the melt-extrusion process. 28257881 10 79 theme stomach 1528:1534 arg1 mucosa 1536:1541 porcine stomach mucosa 1520:1541 porcine stomach mucosa 1520:1541 The ex vivo bioadhesion force of the pellets to porcine stomach mucosa was approximately 5mN/pellet, which was more than five times higher than the gravitation force of the pellet saturated with water. 28257881 11 80 theme sink 1724:1727 arg1 condition 1729:1737 the sink condition 1720:1737 the sink condition of 0.5% sodium lauryl sulphate in 0.1N HCl 1720:1780 Drug release was well controlled up to 12h in the sink condition of 0.5% sodium lauryl sulphate in 0.1N HCl. 28257881 1 81 theme delivery 191:198 arg1 system 200:205 a gastroretentive drug delivery system 168:205 a gastroretentive drug delivery system that would be both highly resistant to gastric emptying via multiple mechanisms and would also potentially induce in situ supersaturation 168:343 In the present study, we aimed to prepare a gastroretentive drug delivery system that would be both highly resistant to gastric emptying via multiple mechanisms and would also potentially induce in situ supersaturation. 28257881 1 81 theme delivery 191:198 arg1 resistant 233:241 resistant 233:241 resistant 233:241 In the present study, we aimed to prepare a gastroretentive drug delivery system that would be both highly resistant to gastric emptying via multiple mechanisms and would also potentially induce in situ supersaturation. 28257881 6 82 theme crystalline 959:969 arg1 felodipine 971:980 the crystalline felodipine 955:980 the crystalline felodipine 955:980 The melt-extrusion process transformed the crystalline felodipine into an amorphous state that was dispersed and "frozen" in the polymer matrix. 28257881 16 83 dep bicarbonate 2507:2517 arg1 CID 2528:2530 PubChem CID 2520:2530 PubChem CID: 516892 2520:2538 CHEMICAL Felodipine (PubChem CID: 3333); hypromellose (PubChem CID: 57503849), hydroxypropyl cellulose (PubChem CID: 71306830), sodium bicarbonate (PubChem CID: 516892); sodium carbonate (PubChem CID: 10340). 28257881 16 84 theme PubChem 2393:2399 arg1 CID 2401:2403 PubChem CID 2393:2403 PubChem CID: 3333 2393:2409 CHEMICAL Felodipine (PubChem CID: 3333); hypromellose (PubChem CID: 57503849), hydroxypropyl cellulose (PubChem CID: 71306830), sodium bicarbonate (PubChem CID: 516892); sodium carbonate (PubChem CID: 10340). 28257881 8 85 theme floating 1238:1245 arg1 high 1272:1275 high 1272:1275 high 1272:1275 The pellet-specific floating force, which could be as high as 4800μN/g, increased significantly during the first hour, and was relatively stable until 9h. 28257881 8 85 theme floating 1238:1245 arg1 stable 1356:1361 stable 1356:1361 stable 1356:1361 The pellet-specific floating force, which could be as high as 4800μN/g, increased significantly during the first hour, and was relatively stable until 9h. 28257881 8 85 theme floating 1238:1245 arg1 force 1247:1251 The pellet-specific floating force 1218:1251 The pellet-specific floating force 1218:1251 The pellet-specific floating force, which could be as high as 4800μN/g, increased significantly during the first hour, and was relatively stable until 9h. 28257881 7 86 theme gastric 1163:1169 arg1 fluid 1171:1175 gastric fluid 1163:1175 gastric fluid 1163:1175 All formulations showed high porosity and were able to float immediately, without lag time, on top of gastric fluid, and maintained their buoyancy over 12h. 28257881 6 87 theme melt-extrusion 920:933 arg1 process 935:941 The melt-extrusion process 916:941 The melt-extrusion process 916:941 The melt-extrusion process transformed the crystalline felodipine into an amorphous state that was dispersed and "frozen" in the polymer matrix. 28257881 1 88 theme present 133:139 arg1 study 141:145 the present study 129:145 the present study 129:145 In the present study, we aimed to prepare a gastroretentive drug delivery system that would be both highly resistant to gastric emptying via multiple mechanisms and would also potentially induce in situ supersaturation. 28257881 16 89 theme CHEMICAL 2372:2379 arg1 Felodipine 2381:2390 CHEMICAL Felodipine 2372:2390 CHEMICAL Felodipine (PubChem CID: 3333) 2372:2410 CHEMICAL Felodipine (PubChem CID: 3333); hypromellose (PubChem CID: 57503849), hydroxypropyl cellulose (PubChem CID: 71306830), sodium bicarbonate (PubChem CID: 516892); sodium carbonate (PubChem CID: 10340). 28257881 16 89 theme CHEMICAL 2372:2379 arg1 cellulose 2465:2473 hydroxypropyl cellulose 2451:2473 hydroxypropyl cellulose (PubChem CID: 71306830) 2451:2497 CHEMICAL Felodipine (PubChem CID: 3333); hypromellose (PubChem CID: 57503849), hydroxypropyl cellulose (PubChem CID: 71306830), sodium bicarbonate (PubChem CID: 516892); sodium carbonate (PubChem CID: 10340). 28257881 16 89 theme CHEMICAL 2372:2379 arg1 bicarbonate 2507:2517 sodium bicarbonate 2500:2517 sodium bicarbonate (PubChem CID: 516892) 2500:2539 CHEMICAL Felodipine (PubChem CID: 3333); hypromellose (PubChem CID: 57503849), hydroxypropyl cellulose (PubChem CID: 71306830), sodium bicarbonate (PubChem CID: 516892); sodium carbonate (PubChem CID: 10340). 28257881 16 90 theme sodium 2542:2547 arg1 carbonate 2549:2557 sodium carbonate 2542:2557 sodium carbonate (PubChem CID: 10340) 2542:2578 CHEMICAL Felodipine (PubChem CID: 3333); hypromellose (PubChem CID: 57503849), hydroxypropyl cellulose (PubChem CID: 71306830), sodium bicarbonate (PubChem CID: 516892); sodium carbonate (PubChem CID: 10340). 28257881 0 91 theme solid 77:81 arg1 dispersion 83:92 an amorphous solid dispersion 64:92 an amorphous solid dispersion prepared by hot-melt extrusion 64:123 Dual-mechanism gastroretentive drug delivery system loaded with an amorphous solid dispersion prepared by hot-melt extrusion. 28257881 13 92 theme supersaturated 1930:1943 arg1 solution 1945:1952 a supersaturated solution 1928:1952 a supersaturated solution 1928:1952 In biorelevant dissolution medium, a supersaturated solution was formed, and the concentration was maintained at around 2μg/mL, approximately 10-folds higher than that of the pure felodipine. 28257881 5 93 theme experimental 802:813 arg1 design 815:820 A 2n full factorial experimental design 782:820 A 2n full factorial experimental design 782:820 A 2n full factorial experimental design was utilized to investigate the effects of formulation compositions to the pellet properties. 28257881 13 94 theme pure 2068:2071 arg1 felodipine 2073:2082 the pure felodipine 2064:2082 the pure felodipine 2064:2082 In biorelevant dissolution medium, a supersaturated solution was formed, and the concentration was maintained at around 2μg/mL, approximately 10-folds higher than that of the pure felodipine. 28257881 14 95 theme first 2145:2149 arg1 3h 2151:2152 the first 3h 2141:2152 the first 3h 2141:2152 All input factors significantly affected dissolution in the first 3h, but afterwards, only drug load and hypromellose (HPMC) content had significant effects. 28257881 11 96 theme Drug 1674:1677 arg1 release 1679:1685 Drug release 1674:1685 Drug release 1674:1685 Drug release was well controlled up to 12h in the sink condition of 0.5% sodium lauryl sulphate in 0.1N HCl. 28257881 15 97 theme prepared 2247:2254 arg1 system 2270:2275 The prepared drug delivery system 2243:2275 The prepared drug delivery system 2243:2275 The prepared drug delivery system has great potential in overcoming low and fluctuating bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. 28257881 15 98 theme delivery 2261:2268 arg1 system 2270:2275 The prepared drug delivery system 2243:2275 The prepared drug delivery system 2243:2275 The prepared drug delivery system has great potential in overcoming low and fluctuating bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. 28257881 5 99 theme compositions 877:888 arg1 effects 854:860 the effects 850:860 the effects of formulation compositions to the pellet properties 850:913 A 2n full factorial experimental design was utilized to investigate the effects of formulation compositions to the pellet properties. 28257881 2 100 theme technology 476:485 arg1 step 449:452 a single step 440:452 a single step of hot-melt extrusion technology 440:485 The bioadhesive floating pellets, loaded with an amorphous solid dispersion, were prepared in a single step of hot-melt extrusion technology. 28257881 0 101 theme hot-melt 106:113 arg1 extrusion 115:123 hot-melt extrusion 106:123 hot-melt extrusion 106:123 Dual-mechanism gastroretentive drug delivery system loaded with an amorphous solid dispersion prepared by hot-melt extrusion. 28257881 13 102 theme dissolution 1908:1918 arg1 medium 1920:1925 biorelevant dissolution medium 1896:1925 biorelevant dissolution medium 1896:1925 In biorelevant dissolution medium, a supersaturated solution was formed, and the concentration was maintained at around 2μg/mL, approximately 10-folds higher than that of the pure felodipine. 28257881 15 103 theme drugs 2365:2369 arg1 bioavailability 2331:2345 low and fluctuating bioavailability 2311:2345 low and fluctuating bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs 2311:2369 The prepared drug delivery system has great potential in overcoming low and fluctuating bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. 28257881 6 104 theme amorphous 990:998 arg1 state 1000:1004 an amorphous state 987:1004 an amorphous state that was dispersed 987:1023 The melt-extrusion process transformed the crystalline felodipine into an amorphous state that was dispersed and "frozen" in the polymer matrix. 28257881 13 105 dep 10-folds 2035:2042 arg1 higher 2044:2049 higher 2044:2049 higher 2044:2049 In biorelevant dissolution medium, a supersaturated solution was formed, and the concentration was maintained at around 2μg/mL, approximately 10-folds higher than that of the pure felodipine. 28257881 10 106 theme gravitation 1620:1630 arg1 force 1632:1636 the gravitation force 1616:1636 the gravitation force of the pellet saturated with water 1616:1671 The ex vivo bioadhesion force of the pellets to porcine stomach mucosa was approximately 5mN/pellet, which was more than five times higher than the gravitation force of the pellet saturated with water. 28257881 0 107 theme gastroretentive 15:29 arg1 system 45:50 Dual-mechanism gastroretentive drug delivery system 0:50 Dual-mechanism gastroretentive drug delivery system 0:50 Dual-mechanism gastroretentive drug delivery system loaded with an amorphous solid dispersion prepared by hot-melt extrusion. 28257881 16 108 dep CID 2401:2403 arg1 3333 2406:2409 3333 2406:2409 3333 2406:2409 CHEMICAL Felodipine (PubChem CID: 3333); hypromellose (PubChem CID: 57503849), hydroxypropyl cellulose (PubChem CID: 71306830), sodium bicarbonate (PubChem CID: 516892); sodium carbonate (PubChem CID: 10340). 28257881 16 109 theme sodium 2500:2505 arg1 Felodipine 2381:2390 CHEMICAL Felodipine 2372:2390 CHEMICAL Felodipine (PubChem CID: 3333) 2372:2410 CHEMICAL Felodipine (PubChem CID: 3333); hypromellose (PubChem CID: 57503849), hydroxypropyl cellulose (PubChem CID: 71306830), sodium bicarbonate (PubChem CID: 516892); sodium carbonate (PubChem CID: 10340). 28257881 16 109 theme sodium 2500:2505 arg1 bicarbonate 2507:2517 sodium bicarbonate 2500:2517 sodium bicarbonate (PubChem CID: 516892) 2500:2539 CHEMICAL Felodipine (PubChem CID: 3333); hypromellose (PubChem CID: 57503849), hydroxypropyl cellulose (PubChem CID: 71306830), sodium bicarbonate (PubChem CID: 516892); sodium carbonate (PubChem CID: 10340). 28257881 7 110 theme lag 1143:1145 arg1 time 1147:1150 lag time 1143:1150 lag time 1143:1150 All formulations showed high porosity and were able to float immediately, without lag time, on top of gastric fluid, and maintained their buoyancy over 12h. 28257881 3 111 theme model 627:631 arg1 felodipine 600:609 felodipine 600:609 felodipine 600:609 Hydroxypropyl cellulose (Klucel™ MF) and hypromellose (Benecel™ K15M) were used as matrix-forming polymers, and felodipine was used as the model drug. 28257881 3 111 theme model 627:631 arg1 drug 633:636 the model drug 623:636 the model drug 623:636 Hydroxypropyl cellulose (Klucel™ MF) and hypromellose (Benecel™ K15M) were used as matrix-forming polymers, and felodipine was used as the model drug. 28257881 16 112 theme PubChem 2476:2482 arg1 CID 2484:2486 PubChem CID 2476:2486 PubChem CID: 71306830 2476:2496 CHEMICAL Felodipine (PubChem CID: 3333); hypromellose (PubChem CID: 57503849), hydroxypropyl cellulose (PubChem CID: 71306830), sodium bicarbonate (PubChem CID: 516892); sodium carbonate (PubChem CID: 10340). 28257881 2 113 theme hot-melt 457:464 arg1 technology 476:485 hot-melt extrusion technology 457:485 hot-melt extrusion technology 457:485 The bioadhesive floating pellets, loaded with an amorphous solid dispersion, were prepared in a single step of hot-melt extrusion technology. 28257881 10 114 dep times 1598:1602 arg1 higher 1604:1609 higher 1604:1609 higher 1604:1609 The ex vivo bioadhesion force of the pellets to porcine stomach mucosa was approximately 5mN/pellet, which was more than five times higher than the gravitation force of the pellet saturated with water. 28257881 2 115 theme solid 405:409 arg1 dispersion 411:420 an amorphous solid dispersion 392:420 an amorphous solid dispersion 392:420 The bioadhesive floating pellets, loaded with an amorphous solid dispersion, were prepared in a single step of hot-melt extrusion technology. 28257881 16 116 dep hypromellose 2413:2424 arg1 CID 2435:2437 PubChem CID 2427:2437 PubChem CID: 57503849 2427:2447 CHEMICAL Felodipine (PubChem CID: 3333); hypromellose (PubChem CID: 57503849), hydroxypropyl cellulose (PubChem CID: 71306830), sodium bicarbonate (PubChem CID: 516892); sodium carbonate (PubChem CID: 10340). 28257881 16 117 dep carbonate 2549:2557 arg1 CID 2568:2570 PubChem CID 2560:2570 PubChem CID: 10340 2560:2577 CHEMICAL Felodipine (PubChem CID: 3333); hypromellose (PubChem CID: 57503849), hydroxypropyl cellulose (PubChem CID: 71306830), sodium bicarbonate (PubChem CID: 516892); sodium carbonate (PubChem CID: 10340). 28257881 1 118 theme in 321:322 arg1 supersaturation 329:343 in situ supersaturation 321:343 in situ supersaturation 321:343 In the present study, we aimed to prepare a gastroretentive drug delivery system that would be both highly resistant to gastric emptying via multiple mechanisms and would also potentially induce in situ supersaturation. 28257881 14 119 theme significant 2222:2232 arg1 effects 2234:2240 significant effects 2222:2240 significant effects 2222:2240 All input factors significantly affected dissolution in the first 3h, but afterwards, only drug load and hypromellose (HPMC) content had significant effects. 28257881 11 120 theme lauryl 1754:1759 arg1 sulphate 1761:1768 0.5% sodium lauryl sulphate 1742:1768 0.5% sodium lauryl sulphate 1742:1768 Drug release was well controlled up to 12h in the sink condition of 0.5% sodium lauryl sulphate in 0.1N HCl. 28257881 10 121 theme saturated 1652:1660 arg1 pellet 1645:1650 the pellet 1641:1650 the pellet saturated with water 1641:1671 The ex vivo bioadhesion force of the pellets to porcine stomach mucosa was approximately 5mN/pellet, which was more than five times higher than the gravitation force of the pellet saturated with water. 28257881 10 122 theme bioadhesion 1484:1494 arg1 5mN/pellet 1561:1570 5mN/pellet 1561:1570 5mN/pellet 1561:1570 The ex vivo bioadhesion force of the pellets to porcine stomach mucosa was approximately 5mN/pellet, which was more than five times higher than the gravitation force of the pellet saturated with water. 28257881 10 122 theme bioadhesion 1484:1494 arg1 force 1496:1500 The ex vivo bioadhesion force 1472:1500 The ex vivo bioadhesion force of the pellets to porcine stomach mucosa 1472:1541 The ex vivo bioadhesion force of the pellets to porcine stomach mucosa was approximately 5mN/pellet, which was more than five times higher than the gravitation force of the pellet saturated with water. 28257881 11 123 theme % 1745:1745 arg1 sulphate 1761:1768 0.5% sodium lauryl sulphate 1742:1768 0.5% sodium lauryl sulphate 1742:1768 Drug release was well controlled up to 12h in the sink condition of 0.5% sodium lauryl sulphate in 0.1N HCl. 24929876 4 0 theme mass 951:954 arg1 spectrometry 956:967 mass spectrometry 951:967 mass spectrometry 951:967 Mannoproteins profiles were characterized by gel electrophoresis and carbohydrate composition was analyzed both by HPLC and by mass spectrometry. 24929876 5 1 theme non-Saccharomyces 980:996 arg1 yeasts 998:1003 The eight non-Saccharomyces yeasts 970:1003 The eight non-Saccharomyces yeasts 970:1003 The eight non-Saccharomyces yeasts demonstrated a higher capacity to release polysaccharides compared to S. cerevisiae. 24929876 1 2 theme Saccharomyces 243:255 arg1 cerevisiae 257:266 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 243:266 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 243:266 Eight non-Saccharomyces wine strains, previously selected for their ability to modulate the final concentrations of various volatile compounds and to persist with Saccharomyces cerevisiae in mixed inocula fermentations of grape juice, have been analyzed in the present work to test their ability to release mannoproteins. 24929876 2 3 dep Saccharomycodes 583:597 arg1 ludwigii 599:606 Saccharomycodes ludwigii 583:606 Saccharomycodes ludwigii 583:606 The eight strains were members of different genera originally isolated from grape: Hansensiaspora osmophila, Lachancea thermotolerans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Pichia fermentans, Saccharomycodes ludwigii, Starmerella bacillaris, Torulaspora delbrueckii and Zygosaccharomyces florentinus. 24929876 2 4 attach isolated 464:471 arg1 grape 478:482 grape 478:482 grape 478:482 The eight strains were members of different genera originally isolated from grape: Hansensiaspora osmophila, Lachancea thermotolerans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Pichia fermentans, Saccharomycodes ludwigii, Starmerella bacillaris, Torulaspora delbrueckii and Zygosaccharomyces florentinus. 24929876 2 4 attach isolated 464:471 arg2 genera 446:451 different genera 436:451 different genera originally isolated from grape 436:482 The eight strains were members of different genera originally isolated from grape: Hansensiaspora osmophila, Lachancea thermotolerans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Pichia fermentans, Saccharomycodes ludwigii, Starmerella bacillaris, Torulaspora delbrueckii and Zygosaccharomyces florentinus. 24929876 1 5 theme present 341:347 arg1 work 349:352 the present work 337:352 the present work 337:352 Eight non-Saccharomyces wine strains, previously selected for their ability to modulate the final concentrations of various volatile compounds and to persist with Saccharomyces cerevisiae in mixed inocula fermentations of grape juice, have been analyzed in the present work to test their ability to release mannoproteins. 24929876 6 6 theme wide 1148:1151 arg1 variety 1153:1159 a wide variety 1146:1159 a wide variety of protein sizes, ranging from 25 kDa to greater than 250 kDa 1146:1221 The proteins released by the eight yeast strains showed a wide variety of protein sizes, ranging from 25 kDa to greater than 250 kDa. 24929876 6 6 theme wide 1148:1151 arg1 sizes 1172:1176 protein sizes 1164:1176 protein sizes 1164:1176 The proteins released by the eight yeast strains showed a wide variety of protein sizes, ranging from 25 kDa to greater than 250 kDa. 24929876 0 7 from sources 46:52 arg1 wine 74:77 wine 74:77 wine 74:77 Use of non-Saccharomyces wine yeasts as novel sources of mannoproteins in wine. 24929876 4 8 theme Mannoproteins 824:836 arg1 profiles 838:845 Mannoproteins profiles 824:845 Mannoproteins profiles 824:845 Mannoproteins profiles were characterized by gel electrophoresis and carbohydrate composition was analyzed both by HPLC and by mass spectrometry. 24929876 1 9 theme mixed 271:275 arg1 fermentations 285:297 mixed inocula fermentations 271:297 mixed inocula fermentations of grape juice 271:312 Eight non-Saccharomyces wine strains, previously selected for their ability to modulate the final concentrations of various volatile compounds and to persist with Saccharomyces cerevisiae in mixed inocula fermentations of grape juice, have been analyzed in the present work to test their ability to release mannoproteins. 24929876 2 10 dep members 425:431 arg1 thermotolerans 521:534 thermotolerans 521:534 thermotolerans 521:534 The eight strains were members of different genera originally isolated from grape: Hansensiaspora osmophila, Lachancea thermotolerans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Pichia fermentans, Saccharomycodes ludwigii, Starmerella bacillaris, Torulaspora delbrueckii and Zygosaccharomyces florentinus. 24929876 2 10 dep members 425:431 arg1 members 425:431 members 425:431 members of different genera originally isolated from grape: Hansensiaspora osmophila, Lachancea thermotolerans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Pichia fermentans, Saccharomycodes ludwigii, Starmerella bacillaris, Torulaspora delbrueckii and Zygosaccharomyces florentinus 425:689 The eight strains were members of different genera originally isolated from grape: Hansensiaspora osmophila, Lachancea thermotolerans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Pichia fermentans, Saccharomycodes ludwigii, Starmerella bacillaris, Torulaspora delbrueckii and Zygosaccharomyces florentinus. 24929876 2 10 dep members 425:431 arg1 fermentans 571:580 Pichia fermentans 564:580 Pichia fermentans 564:580 The eight strains were members of different genera originally isolated from grape: Hansensiaspora osmophila, Lachancea thermotolerans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Pichia fermentans, Saccharomycodes ludwigii, Starmerella bacillaris, Torulaspora delbrueckii and Zygosaccharomyces florentinus. 24929876 2 10 dep members 425:431 arg1 Saccharomycodes 583:597 Saccharomycodes 583:597 Saccharomycodes 583:597 The eight strains were members of different genera originally isolated from grape: Hansensiaspora osmophila, Lachancea thermotolerans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Pichia fermentans, Saccharomycodes ludwigii, Starmerella bacillaris, Torulaspora delbrueckii and Zygosaccharomyces florentinus. 24929876 2 10 dep members 425:431 arg1 Torulaspora 633:643 Torulaspora 633:643 Torulaspora 633:643 The eight strains were members of different genera originally isolated from grape: Hansensiaspora osmophila, Lachancea thermotolerans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Pichia fermentans, Saccharomycodes ludwigii, Starmerella bacillaris, Torulaspora delbrueckii and Zygosaccharomyces florentinus. 24929876 2 10 dep members 425:431 arg1 osmophila 500:508 osmophila 500:508 osmophila 500:508 The eight strains were members of different genera originally isolated from grape: Hansensiaspora osmophila, Lachancea thermotolerans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Pichia fermentans, Saccharomycodes ludwigii, Starmerella bacillaris, Torulaspora delbrueckii and Zygosaccharomyces florentinus. 24929876 2 10 dep members 425:431 arg1 pulcherrima 551:561 pulcherrima 551:561 pulcherrima 551:561 The eight strains were members of different genera originally isolated from grape: Hansensiaspora osmophila, Lachancea thermotolerans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Pichia fermentans, Saccharomycodes ludwigii, Starmerella bacillaris, Torulaspora delbrueckii and Zygosaccharomyces florentinus. 24929876 2 10 dep members 425:431 arg1 Zygosaccharomyces 661:677 Zygosaccharomyces 661:677 Zygosaccharomyces 661:677 The eight strains were members of different genera originally isolated from grape: Hansensiaspora osmophila, Lachancea thermotolerans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Pichia fermentans, Saccharomycodes ludwigii, Starmerella bacillaris, Torulaspora delbrueckii and Zygosaccharomyces florentinus. 24929876 2 10 dep members 425:431 arg1 Starmerella 609:619 Starmerella 609:619 Starmerella 609:619 The eight strains were members of different genera originally isolated from grape: Hansensiaspora osmophila, Lachancea thermotolerans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Pichia fermentans, Saccharomycodes ludwigii, Starmerella bacillaris, Torulaspora delbrueckii and Zygosaccharomyces florentinus. 24929876 6 11 theme sizes 1172:1176 arg1 variety 1153:1159 a wide variety 1146:1159 a wide variety of protein sizes, ranging from 25 kDa to greater than 250 kDa 1146:1221 The proteins released by the eight yeast strains showed a wide variety of protein sizes, ranging from 25 kDa to greater than 250 kDa. 24929876 6 11 theme sizes 1172:1176 arg1 sizes 1172:1176 protein sizes 1164:1176 protein sizes 1164:1176 The proteins released by the eight yeast strains showed a wide variety of protein sizes, ranging from 25 kDa to greater than 250 kDa. 24929876 2 12 theme genera 446:451 arg1 thermotolerans 521:534 thermotolerans 521:534 thermotolerans 521:534 The eight strains were members of different genera originally isolated from grape: Hansensiaspora osmophila, Lachancea thermotolerans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Pichia fermentans, Saccharomycodes ludwigii, Starmerella bacillaris, Torulaspora delbrueckii and Zygosaccharomyces florentinus. 24929876 2 12 theme genera 446:451 arg1 members 425:431 members 425:431 members of different genera originally isolated from grape: Hansensiaspora osmophila, Lachancea thermotolerans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Pichia fermentans, Saccharomycodes ludwigii, Starmerella bacillaris, Torulaspora delbrueckii and Zygosaccharomyces florentinus 425:689 The eight strains were members of different genera originally isolated from grape: Hansensiaspora osmophila, Lachancea thermotolerans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Pichia fermentans, Saccharomycodes ludwigii, Starmerella bacillaris, Torulaspora delbrueckii and Zygosaccharomyces florentinus. 24929876 2 12 theme genera 446:451 arg1 strains 412:418 The eight strains 402:418 The eight strains 402:418 The eight strains were members of different genera originally isolated from grape: Hansensiaspora osmophila, Lachancea thermotolerans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Pichia fermentans, Saccharomycodes ludwigii, Starmerella bacillaris, Torulaspora delbrueckii and Zygosaccharomyces florentinus. 24929876 2 12 theme genera 446:451 arg1 Saccharomycodes 583:597 Saccharomycodes 583:597 Saccharomycodes 583:597 The eight strains were members of different genera originally isolated from grape: Hansensiaspora osmophila, Lachancea thermotolerans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Pichia fermentans, Saccharomycodes ludwigii, Starmerella bacillaris, Torulaspora delbrueckii and Zygosaccharomyces florentinus. 24929876 2 12 theme genera 446:451 arg1 Torulaspora 633:643 Torulaspora 633:643 Torulaspora 633:643 The eight strains were members of different genera originally isolated from grape: Hansensiaspora osmophila, Lachancea thermotolerans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Pichia fermentans, Saccharomycodes ludwigii, Starmerella bacillaris, Torulaspora delbrueckii and Zygosaccharomyces florentinus. 24929876 2 12 theme genera 446:451 arg1 osmophila 500:508 osmophila 500:508 osmophila 500:508 The eight strains were members of different genera originally isolated from grape: Hansensiaspora osmophila, Lachancea thermotolerans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Pichia fermentans, Saccharomycodes ludwigii, Starmerella bacillaris, Torulaspora delbrueckii and Zygosaccharomyces florentinus. 24929876 2 12 theme genera 446:451 arg1 pulcherrima 551:561 pulcherrima 551:561 pulcherrima 551:561 The eight strains were members of different genera originally isolated from grape: Hansensiaspora osmophila, Lachancea thermotolerans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Pichia fermentans, Saccharomycodes ludwigii, Starmerella bacillaris, Torulaspora delbrueckii and Zygosaccharomyces florentinus. 24929876 2 12 theme genera 446:451 arg1 Zygosaccharomyces 661:677 Zygosaccharomyces 661:677 Zygosaccharomyces 661:677 The eight strains were members of different genera originally isolated from grape: Hansensiaspora osmophila, Lachancea thermotolerans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Pichia fermentans, Saccharomycodes ludwigii, Starmerella bacillaris, Torulaspora delbrueckii and Zygosaccharomyces florentinus. 24929876 2 12 theme genera 446:451 arg1 Starmerella 609:619 Starmerella 609:619 Starmerella 609:619 The eight strains were members of different genera originally isolated from grape: Hansensiaspora osmophila, Lachancea thermotolerans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Pichia fermentans, Saccharomycodes ludwigii, Starmerella bacillaris, Torulaspora delbrueckii and Zygosaccharomyces florentinus. 24929876 2 13 theme different 436:444 arg1 genera 446:451 different genera 436:451 different genera originally isolated from grape 436:482 The eight strains were members of different genera originally isolated from grape: Hansensiaspora osmophila, Lachancea thermotolerans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Pichia fermentans, Saccharomycodes ludwigii, Starmerella bacillaris, Torulaspora delbrueckii and Zygosaccharomyces florentinus. 24929876 3 14 theme alcoholic 800:808 arg1 fermentation 810:821 the alcoholic fermentation 796:821 the alcoholic fermentation 796:821 A synthetic polysaccharide-free grape juice, was used to characterize the mannoproteins released during the alcoholic fermentation. 24929876 1 15 dep ability 148:154 arg1 persist 230:236 persist 230:236 to persist with Saccharomyces cerevisiae in mixed inocula fermentations of grape juice 227:312 Eight non-Saccharomyces wine strains, previously selected for their ability to modulate the final concentrations of various volatile compounds and to persist with Saccharomyces cerevisiae in mixed inocula fermentations of grape juice, have been analyzed in the present work to test their ability to release mannoproteins. 24929876 1 15 dep ability 148:154 arg1 modulate 159:166 modulate 159:166 to modulate the final concentrations of various volatile compounds 156:221 Eight non-Saccharomyces wine strains, previously selected for their ability to modulate the final concentrations of various volatile compounds and to persist with Saccharomyces cerevisiae in mixed inocula fermentations of grape juice, have been analyzed in the present work to test their ability to release mannoproteins. 24929876 1 16 theme final 172:176 arg1 concentrations 178:191 the final concentrations 168:191 the final concentrations of various volatile compounds 168:221 Eight non-Saccharomyces wine strains, previously selected for their ability to modulate the final concentrations of various volatile compounds and to persist with Saccharomyces cerevisiae in mixed inocula fermentations of grape juice, have been analyzed in the present work to test their ability to release mannoproteins. 24929876 2 17 dep Torulaspora 633:643 arg1 delbrueckii 645:655 Torulaspora delbrueckii 633:655 Torulaspora delbrueckii 633:655 The eight strains were members of different genera originally isolated from grape: Hansensiaspora osmophila, Lachancea thermotolerans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Pichia fermentans, Saccharomycodes ludwigii, Starmerella bacillaris, Torulaspora delbrueckii and Zygosaccharomyces florentinus. 24929876 1 18 theme inocula 277:283 arg1 fermentations 285:297 mixed inocula fermentations 271:297 mixed inocula fermentations of grape juice 271:312 Eight non-Saccharomyces wine strains, previously selected for their ability to modulate the final concentrations of various volatile compounds and to persist with Saccharomyces cerevisiae in mixed inocula fermentations of grape juice, have been analyzed in the present work to test their ability to release mannoproteins. 24929876 8 19 theme monosaccharides 1469:1483 arg1 15 units 1457:1464 15 units 1457:1464 15 units of monosaccharides 1457:1483 Detailed investigation of the degree of polymerization of released N-glycans revealed variable composition from 8 to 15 units of monosaccharides. 24929876 6 20 theme protein 1164:1170 arg1 sizes 1172:1176 protein sizes 1164:1176 protein sizes 1164:1176 The proteins released by the eight yeast strains showed a wide variety of protein sizes, ranging from 25 kDa to greater than 250 kDa. 24929876 0 21 theme wine 25:28 arg1 yeasts 30:35 non-Saccharomyces wine yeasts 7:35 non-Saccharomyces wine yeasts 7:35 Use of non-Saccharomyces wine yeasts as novel sources of mannoproteins in wine. 24929876 2 22 theme Pichia 564:569 arg1 fermentans 571:580 Pichia fermentans 564:580 Pichia fermentans 564:580 The eight strains were members of different genera originally isolated from grape: Hansensiaspora osmophila, Lachancea thermotolerans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Pichia fermentans, Saccharomycodes ludwigii, Starmerella bacillaris, Torulaspora delbrueckii and Zygosaccharomyces florentinus. 24929876 1 23 theme non-Saccharomyces 86:102 arg1 strains 109:115 Eight non-Saccharomyces wine strains 80:115 Eight non-Saccharomyces wine strains 80:115 Eight non-Saccharomyces wine strains, previously selected for their ability to modulate the final concentrations of various volatile compounds and to persist with Saccharomyces cerevisiae in mixed inocula fermentations of grape juice, have been analyzed in the present work to test their ability to release mannoproteins. 24929876 0 24 theme non-Saccharomyces 7:23 arg1 yeasts 30:35 non-Saccharomyces wine yeasts 7:35 non-Saccharomyces wine yeasts 7:35 Use of non-Saccharomyces wine yeasts as novel sources of mannoproteins in wine. 24929876 0 25 from wine 74:77 arg1 sources 46:52 novel sources 40:52 novel sources of mannoproteins in wine 40:77 Use of non-Saccharomyces wine yeasts as novel sources of mannoproteins in wine. 24929876 1 26 theme wine 104:107 arg1 strains 109:115 Eight non-Saccharomyces wine strains 80:115 Eight non-Saccharomyces wine strains 80:115 Eight non-Saccharomyces wine strains, previously selected for their ability to modulate the final concentrations of various volatile compounds and to persist with Saccharomyces cerevisiae in mixed inocula fermentations of grape juice, have been analyzed in the present work to test their ability to release mannoproteins. 24929876 1 27 theme various 196:202 arg1 compounds 213:221 various volatile compounds 196:221 various volatile compounds 196:221 Eight non-Saccharomyces wine strains, previously selected for their ability to modulate the final concentrations of various volatile compounds and to persist with Saccharomyces cerevisiae in mixed inocula fermentations of grape juice, have been analyzed in the present work to test their ability to release mannoproteins. 24929876 2 28 dep Starmerella 609:619 arg1 bacillaris 621:630 Starmerella bacillaris 609:630 Starmerella bacillaris 609:630 The eight strains were members of different genera originally isolated from grape: Hansensiaspora osmophila, Lachancea thermotolerans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Pichia fermentans, Saccharomycodes ludwigii, Starmerella bacillaris, Torulaspora delbrueckii and Zygosaccharomyces florentinus. 24929876 1 29 theme grape 302:306 arg1 juice 308:312 grape juice 302:312 grape juice 302:312 Eight non-Saccharomyces wine strains, previously selected for their ability to modulate the final concentrations of various volatile compounds and to persist with Saccharomyces cerevisiae in mixed inocula fermentations of grape juice, have been analyzed in the present work to test their ability to release mannoproteins. 24929876 3 30 theme synthetic 694:702 arg1 juice 730:734 A synthetic polysaccharide-free grape juice 692:734 A synthetic polysaccharide-free grape juice 692:734 A synthetic polysaccharide-free grape juice, was used to characterize the mannoproteins released during the alcoholic fermentation. 24929876 8 31 theme Detailed 1340:1347 arg1 investigation 1349:1361 Detailed investigation 1340:1361 Detailed investigation of the degree of polymerization of released N-glycans 1340:1415 Detailed investigation of the degree of polymerization of released N-glycans revealed variable composition from 8 to 15 units of monosaccharides. 24929876 1 32 theme volatile 204:211 arg1 compounds 213:221 various volatile compounds 196:221 various volatile compounds 196:221 Eight non-Saccharomyces wine strains, previously selected for their ability to modulate the final concentrations of various volatile compounds and to persist with Saccharomyces cerevisiae in mixed inocula fermentations of grape juice, have been analyzed in the present work to test their ability to release mannoproteins. 24929876 0 33 theme yeasts 30:35 arg1 Use 0:2 Use 0:2 Use of non-Saccharomyces wine yeasts as novel sources of mannoproteins in wine. 0:78 Use of non-Saccharomyces wine yeasts as novel sources of mannoproteins in wine. 24929876 1 34 theme juice 308:312 arg1 fermentations 285:297 mixed inocula fermentations 271:297 mixed inocula fermentations of grape juice 271:312 Eight non-Saccharomyces wine strains, previously selected for their ability to modulate the final concentrations of various volatile compounds and to persist with Saccharomyces cerevisiae in mixed inocula fermentations of grape juice, have been analyzed in the present work to test their ability to release mannoproteins. 24929876 0 35 from mannoproteins 57:69 arg1 wine 74:77 wine 74:77 wine 74:77 Use of non-Saccharomyces wine yeasts as novel sources of mannoproteins in wine. 24929876 2 36 dep Zygosaccharomyces 661:677 arg1 florentinus 679:689 Zygosaccharomyces florentinus 661:689 Zygosaccharomyces florentinus 661:689 The eight strains were members of different genera originally isolated from grape: Hansensiaspora osmophila, Lachancea thermotolerans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Pichia fermentans, Saccharomycodes ludwigii, Starmerella bacillaris, Torulaspora delbrueckii and Zygosaccharomyces florentinus. 24929876 1 37 theme compounds 213:221 arg1 concentrations 178:191 the final concentrations 168:191 the final concentrations of various volatile compounds 168:221 Eight non-Saccharomyces wine strains, previously selected for their ability to modulate the final concentrations of various volatile compounds and to persist with Saccharomyces cerevisiae in mixed inocula fermentations of grape juice, have been analyzed in the present work to test their ability to release mannoproteins. 24929876 7 38 theme mass 1228:1231 arg1 profile 1247:1253 The mass spectrometric profile 1224:1253 The mass spectrometric profile of the N-glycans 1224:1270 The mass spectrometric profile of the N-glycans ranged from 1600 to 4000 Da and was characteristic for each strain. 24929876 7 38 theme mass 1228:1231 arg1 characteristic 1308:1321 characteristic 1308:1321 characteristic 1308:1321 The mass spectrometric profile of the N-glycans ranged from 1600 to 4000 Da and was characteristic for each strain. 24929876 7 39 dep 4000 Da 1292:1298 arg1 to 1289:1290 to 1289:1290 to 1289:1290 The mass spectrometric profile of the N-glycans ranged from 1600 to 4000 Da and was characteristic for each strain. 24929876 0 40 theme novel 40:44 arg1 sources 46:52 novel sources 40:52 novel sources of mannoproteins in wine 40:77 Use of non-Saccharomyces wine yeasts as novel sources of mannoproteins in wine. 24929876 8 41 theme polymerization 1380:1393 arg1 degree 1370:1375 the degree 1366:1375 the degree of polymerization of released N-glycans 1366:1415 Detailed investigation of the degree of polymerization of released N-glycans revealed variable composition from 8 to 15 units of monosaccharides. 24929876 7 42 theme spectrometric 1233:1245 arg1 profile 1247:1253 The mass spectrometric profile 1224:1253 The mass spectrometric profile of the N-glycans 1224:1270 The mass spectrometric profile of the N-glycans ranged from 1600 to 4000 Da and was characteristic for each strain. 24929876 7 42 theme spectrometric 1233:1245 arg1 characteristic 1308:1321 characteristic 1308:1321 characteristic 1308:1321 The mass spectrometric profile of the N-glycans ranged from 1600 to 4000 Da and was characteristic for each strain. 24929876 4 43 theme gel 869:871 arg1 electrophoresis 873:887 gel electrophoresis 869:887 gel electrophoresis 869:887 Mannoproteins profiles were characterized by gel electrophoresis and carbohydrate composition was analyzed both by HPLC and by mass spectrometry. 24929876 4 44 theme carbohydrate 893:904 arg1 composition 906:916 carbohydrate composition 893:916 carbohydrate composition 893:916 Mannoproteins profiles were characterized by gel electrophoresis and carbohydrate composition was analyzed both by HPLC and by mass spectrometry. 24929876 5 45 theme higher 1020:1025 arg1 capacity 1027:1034 a higher capacity 1018:1034 a higher capacity to release polysaccharides compared to S. cerevisiae 1018:1087 The eight non-Saccharomyces yeasts demonstrated a higher capacity to release polysaccharides compared to S. cerevisiae. 24929876 3 46 used used 741:744 arg2 juice 730:734 A synthetic polysaccharide-free grape juice 692:734 A synthetic polysaccharide-free grape juice 692:734 A synthetic polysaccharide-free grape juice, was used to characterize the mannoproteins released during the alcoholic fermentation. 24929876 3 47 theme polysaccharide-free 704:722 arg1 juice 730:734 A synthetic polysaccharide-free grape juice 692:734 A synthetic polysaccharide-free grape juice 692:734 A synthetic polysaccharide-free grape juice, was used to characterize the mannoproteins released during the alcoholic fermentation. 24929876 8 48 theme released 1398:1405 arg1 N-glycans 1407:1415 released N-glycans 1398:1415 released N-glycans 1398:1415 Detailed investigation of the degree of polymerization of released N-glycans revealed variable composition from 8 to 15 units of monosaccharides. 24929876 8 49 theme N-glycans 1407:1415 arg1 polymerization 1380:1393 polymerization 1380:1393 polymerization of released N-glycans 1380:1415 Detailed investigation of the degree of polymerization of released N-glycans revealed variable composition from 8 to 15 units of monosaccharides. 24929876 0 50 theme mannoproteins 57:69 arg1 sources 46:52 novel sources 40:52 novel sources of mannoproteins in wine 40:77 Use of non-Saccharomyces wine yeasts as novel sources of mannoproteins in wine. 24929876 3 51 theme grape 724:728 arg1 juice 730:734 A synthetic polysaccharide-free grape juice 692:734 A synthetic polysaccharide-free grape juice 692:734 A synthetic polysaccharide-free grape juice, was used to characterize the mannoproteins released during the alcoholic fermentation. 24929876 8 52 theme degree 1370:1375 arg1 investigation 1349:1361 Detailed investigation 1340:1361 Detailed investigation of the degree of polymerization of released N-glycans 1340:1415 Detailed investigation of the degree of polymerization of released N-glycans revealed variable composition from 8 to 15 units of monosaccharides. 24929876 8 53 theme variable 1426:1433 arg1 composition 1435:1445 variable composition 1426:1445 variable composition from 8 to 15 units of monosaccharides 1426:1483 Detailed investigation of the degree of polymerization of released N-glycans revealed variable composition from 8 to 15 units of monosaccharides. 24929876 8 54 from 8 1452:1452 arg1 composition 1435:1445 variable composition 1426:1445 variable composition from 8 to 15 units of monosaccharides 1426:1483 Detailed investigation of the degree of polymerization of released N-glycans revealed variable composition from 8 to 15 units of monosaccharides. 24929876 6 55 theme yeast 1125:1129 arg1 strains 1131:1137 the eight yeast strains 1115:1137 the eight yeast strains 1115:1137 The proteins released by the eight yeast strains showed a wide variety of protein sizes, ranging from 25 kDa to greater than 250 kDa. 24929876 7 56 theme N-glycans 1262:1270 arg1 profile 1247:1253 The mass spectrometric profile 1224:1253 The mass spectrometric profile of the N-glycans 1224:1270 The mass spectrometric profile of the N-glycans ranged from 1600 to 4000 Da and was characteristic for each strain. 24929876 7 56 theme N-glycans 1262:1270 arg1 characteristic 1308:1321 characteristic 1308:1321 characteristic 1308:1321 The mass spectrometric profile of the N-glycans ranged from 1600 to 4000 Da and was characteristic for each strain. 28000715 6 0 theme Runx2 967:971 arg1 pathway 973:979 an Erk1/2-activated Runx2 pathway 947:979 an Erk1/2-activated Runx2 pathway 947:979 We conclude that this film promoted osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization through an Erk1/2-activated Runx2 pathway. 28000715 2 1 from differentiation 309:323 arg1 cells 363:367 MC3T3-E1 cells 354:367 MC3T3-E1 cells 354:367 Here, we report that a chitosan-collagen composite film accelerated osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and matrix mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells. 28000715 4 2 theme phosphorylated 632:645 arg1 Erk1/2 647:652 phosphorylated Erk1/2 632:652 phosphorylated Erk1/2 632:652 We showed that the chitosan-collagen composite film increased the transcriptional activity of Runx2, which is an important factor regulating osteoblast differentiation downstream of phosphorylated Erk1/2. 28000715 5 3 theme MC3T3-E1 834:841 arg1 cells 843:847 MC3T3-E1 cells 834:847 MC3T3-E1 cells 834:847 Consistent with this observation, we found that the chitosan-collagen composite film increased the expression of osteoblastic marker genes, including Type I Collagen and Runx2 in MC3T3-E1 cells. 28000715 5 4 theme chitosan-collagen 707:723 arg1 film 735:738 the chitosan-collagen composite film 703:738 the chitosan-collagen composite film 703:738 Consistent with this observation, we found that the chitosan-collagen composite film increased the expression of osteoblastic marker genes, including Type I Collagen and Runx2 in MC3T3-E1 cells. 28000715 2 5 from mineralization 336:349 arg1 cells 363:367 MC3T3-E1 cells 354:367 MC3T3-E1 cells 354:367 Here, we report that a chitosan-collagen composite film accelerated osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and matrix mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells. 28000715 6 6 theme Erk1/2-activated 950:965 arg1 pathway 973:979 an Erk1/2-activated Runx2 pathway 947:979 an Erk1/2-activated Runx2 pathway 947:979 We conclude that this film promoted osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization through an Erk1/2-activated Runx2 pathway. 28000715 0 7 theme cell 93:96 arg1 differentiation 98:112 MC3T3-E1 cell differentiation 84:112 MC3T3-E1 cell differentiation 84:112 The mechanism of a chitosan-collagen composite film used as biomaterial support for MC3T3-E1 cell differentiation. 28000715 5 8 theme composite 725:733 arg1 film 735:738 the chitosan-collagen composite film 703:738 the chitosan-collagen composite film 703:738 Consistent with this observation, we found that the chitosan-collagen composite film increased the expression of osteoblastic marker genes, including Type I Collagen and Runx2 in MC3T3-E1 cells. 28000715 7 9 theme bone 1081:1084 arg1 engineering 1093:1103 bone tissue engineering 1081:1103 bone tissue engineering in bone defect-related diseases 1081:1135 Our findings provide new evidence that chitosan-collagen composites are promising biomaterials for bone tissue engineering in bone defect-related diseases. 28000715 0 10 theme MC3T3-E1 84:91 arg1 differentiation 98:112 MC3T3-E1 cell differentiation 84:112 MC3T3-E1 cell differentiation 84:112 The mechanism of a chitosan-collagen composite film used as biomaterial support for MC3T3-E1 cell differentiation. 28000715 7 11 theme promising 1054:1062 arg1 composites 1039:1048 chitosan-collagen composites 1021:1048 chitosan-collagen composites 1021:1048 Our findings provide new evidence that chitosan-collagen composites are promising biomaterials for bone tissue engineering in bone defect-related diseases. 28000715 7 11 theme promising 1054:1062 arg1 biomaterials 1064:1075 promising biomaterials 1054:1075 promising biomaterials for bone tissue engineering in bone defect-related diseases 1054:1135 Our findings provide new evidence that chitosan-collagen composites are promising biomaterials for bone tissue engineering in bone defect-related diseases. 28000715 4 12 theme Erk1/2 647:652 arg1 downstream 618:627 downstream 618:627 downstream 618:627 We showed that the chitosan-collagen composite film increased the transcriptional activity of Runx2, which is an important factor regulating osteoblast differentiation downstream of phosphorylated Erk1/2. 28000715 5 13 theme I 810:810 arg1 Collagen 812:819 Type I Collagen 805:819 Type I Collagen 805:819 Consistent with this observation, we found that the chitosan-collagen composite film increased the expression of osteoblastic marker genes, including Type I Collagen and Runx2 in MC3T3-E1 cells. 28000715 2 14 theme osteoblast 283:292 arg1 proliferation 294:306 osteoblast proliferation 283:306 osteoblast proliferation 283:306 Here, we report that a chitosan-collagen composite film accelerated osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and matrix mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells. 28000715 1 15 theme bone 179:182 arg1 cells 184:188 bone cells 179:188 bone cells 179:188 Natural composite biomaterials are good structural supports for bone cells to regenerate lost bone. 28000715 7 16 from engineering 1093:1103 arg1 diseases 1128:1135 bone defect-related diseases 1108:1135 bone defect-related diseases 1108:1135 Our findings provide new evidence that chitosan-collagen composites are promising biomaterials for bone tissue engineering in bone defect-related diseases. 28000715 4 17 theme transcriptional 516:530 arg1 activity 532:539 the transcriptional activity 512:539 the transcriptional activity of Runx2 512:548 We showed that the chitosan-collagen composite film increased the transcriptional activity of Runx2, which is an important factor regulating osteoblast differentiation downstream of phosphorylated Erk1/2. 28000715 4 18 theme osteoblast 591:600 arg1 differentiation 602:616 osteoblast differentiation 591:616 osteoblast differentiation downstream of phosphorylated Erk1/2 591:652 We showed that the chitosan-collagen composite film increased the transcriptional activity of Runx2, which is an important factor regulating osteoblast differentiation downstream of phosphorylated Erk1/2. 28000715 6 19 theme osteoblast 886:895 arg1 differentiation 897:911 osteoblast differentiation 886:911 osteoblast differentiation 886:911 We conclude that this film promoted osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization through an Erk1/2-activated Runx2 pathway. 28000715 2 20 theme matrix 329:334 arg1 mineralization 336:349 matrix mineralization 329:349 matrix mineralization 329:349 Here, we report that a chitosan-collagen composite film accelerated osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and matrix mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells. 28000715 5 21 theme osteoblastic 768:779 arg1 Runx2 825:829 Runx2 825:829 Runx2 825:829 Consistent with this observation, we found that the chitosan-collagen composite film increased the expression of osteoblastic marker genes, including Type I Collagen and Runx2 in MC3T3-E1 cells. 28000715 5 21 theme osteoblastic 768:779 arg1 Collagen 812:819 Type I Collagen 805:819 Type I Collagen 805:819 Consistent with this observation, we found that the chitosan-collagen composite film increased the expression of osteoblastic marker genes, including Type I Collagen and Runx2 in MC3T3-E1 cells. 28000715 5 21 theme osteoblastic 768:779 arg1 genes 788:792 osteoblastic marker genes 768:792 osteoblastic marker genes 768:792 Consistent with this observation, we found that the chitosan-collagen composite film increased the expression of osteoblastic marker genes, including Type I Collagen and Runx2 in MC3T3-E1 cells. 28000715 7 22 theme chitosan-collagen 1021:1037 arg1 composites 1039:1048 chitosan-collagen composites 1021:1048 chitosan-collagen composites 1021:1048 Our findings provide new evidence that chitosan-collagen composites are promising biomaterials for bone tissue engineering in bone defect-related diseases. 28000715 7 22 theme chitosan-collagen 1021:1037 arg1 biomaterials 1064:1075 promising biomaterials 1054:1075 promising biomaterials for bone tissue engineering in bone defect-related diseases 1054:1135 Our findings provide new evidence that chitosan-collagen composites are promising biomaterials for bone tissue engineering in bone defect-related diseases. 28000715 5 23 theme marker 781:786 arg1 Runx2 825:829 Runx2 825:829 Runx2 825:829 Consistent with this observation, we found that the chitosan-collagen composite film increased the expression of osteoblastic marker genes, including Type I Collagen and Runx2 in MC3T3-E1 cells. 28000715 5 23 theme marker 781:786 arg1 Collagen 812:819 Type I Collagen 805:819 Type I Collagen 805:819 Consistent with this observation, we found that the chitosan-collagen composite film increased the expression of osteoblastic marker genes, including Type I Collagen and Runx2 in MC3T3-E1 cells. 28000715 5 23 theme marker 781:786 arg1 genes 788:792 osteoblastic marker genes 768:792 osteoblastic marker genes 768:792 Consistent with this observation, we found that the chitosan-collagen composite film increased the expression of osteoblastic marker genes, including Type I Collagen and Runx2 in MC3T3-E1 cells. 28000715 4 24 theme chitosan-collagen 469:485 arg1 film 497:500 the chitosan-collagen composite film 465:500 the chitosan-collagen composite film 465:500 We showed that the chitosan-collagen composite film increased the transcriptional activity of Runx2, which is an important factor regulating osteoblast differentiation downstream of phosphorylated Erk1/2. 28000715 1 25 dep structural 155:164 arg1 supports 166:173 supports 166:173 supports 166:173 Natural composite biomaterials are good structural supports for bone cells to regenerate lost bone. 28000715 0 26 theme composite 37:45 arg1 film 47:50 a chitosan-collagen composite film 17:50 a chitosan-collagen composite film used as biomaterial 17:70 The mechanism of a chitosan-collagen composite film used as biomaterial support for MC3T3-E1 cell differentiation. 28000715 4 27 dep increased 502:510 arg1 factor 573:578 an important factor 560:578 an important factor regulating osteoblast differentiation downstream of phosphorylated Erk1/2 560:652 We showed that the chitosan-collagen composite film increased the transcriptional activity of Runx2, which is an important factor regulating osteoblast differentiation downstream of phosphorylated Erk1/2. 28000715 4 27 dep increased 502:510 arg1 which 551:555 which 551:555 which 551:555 We showed that the chitosan-collagen composite film increased the transcriptional activity of Runx2, which is an important factor regulating osteoblast differentiation downstream of phosphorylated Erk1/2. 28000715 5 28 theme genes 788:792 arg1 expression 754:763 the expression 750:763 the expression of osteoblastic marker genes, including Type I Collagen and Runx2 in MC3T3-E1 cells 750:847 Consistent with this observation, we found that the chitosan-collagen composite film increased the expression of osteoblastic marker genes, including Type I Collagen and Runx2 in MC3T3-E1 cells. 28000715 5 29 from Collagen 812:819 arg1 cells 843:847 MC3T3-E1 cells 834:847 MC3T3-E1 cells 834:847 Consistent with this observation, we found that the chitosan-collagen composite film increased the expression of osteoblastic marker genes, including Type I Collagen and Runx2 in MC3T3-E1 cells. 28000715 0 30 theme chitosan-collagen 19:35 arg1 film 47:50 a chitosan-collagen composite film 17:50 a chitosan-collagen composite film used as biomaterial 17:70 The mechanism of a chitosan-collagen composite film used as biomaterial support for MC3T3-E1 cell differentiation. 28000715 3 31 theme Erk1/2 442:447 arg1 phosphorylation 423:437 the phosphorylation 419:437 the phosphorylation of Erk1/2 419:447 Intriguingly, we observed that the film enhanced the phosphorylation of Erk1/2. 28000715 1 32 dep regenerate 193:202 arg1 lost 204:207 lost 204:207 to regenerate lost bone 190:212 Natural composite biomaterials are good structural supports for bone cells to regenerate lost bone. 28000715 4 33 theme composite 487:495 arg1 film 497:500 the chitosan-collagen composite film 465:500 the chitosan-collagen composite film 465:500 We showed that the chitosan-collagen composite film increased the transcriptional activity of Runx2, which is an important factor regulating osteoblast differentiation downstream of phosphorylated Erk1/2. 28000715 1 34 theme Natural 115:121 arg1 biomaterials 133:144 Natural composite biomaterials 115:144 Natural composite biomaterials 115:144 Natural composite biomaterials are good structural supports for bone cells to regenerate lost bone. 28000715 0 35 theme film 47:50 arg1 mechanism 4:12 The mechanism 0:12 The mechanism of a chitosan-collagen composite film used as biomaterial 0:70 The mechanism of a chitosan-collagen composite film used as biomaterial support for MC3T3-E1 cell differentiation. 28000715 5 36 with Consistent 655:664 arg1 observation 676:686 this observation 671:686 this observation 671:686 Consistent with this observation, we found that the chitosan-collagen composite film increased the expression of osteoblastic marker genes, including Type I Collagen and Runx2 in MC3T3-E1 cells. 28000715 6 37 theme matrix 917:922 arg1 mineralization 924:937 matrix mineralization 917:937 matrix mineralization 917:937 We conclude that this film promoted osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization through an Erk1/2-activated Runx2 pathway. 28000715 7 38 theme defect-related 1113:1126 arg1 diseases 1128:1135 bone defect-related diseases 1108:1135 bone defect-related diseases 1108:1135 Our findings provide new evidence that chitosan-collagen composites are promising biomaterials for bone tissue engineering in bone defect-related diseases. 28000715 1 39 theme composite 123:131 arg1 biomaterials 133:144 Natural composite biomaterials 115:144 Natural composite biomaterials 115:144 Natural composite biomaterials are good structural supports for bone cells to regenerate lost bone. 28000715 7 40 theme new 1003:1005 arg1 evidence 1007:1014 new evidence that chitosan-collagen composites are promising biomaterials for bone tissue engineering in bone defect-related diseases 1003:1135 new evidence that chitosan-collagen composites are promising biomaterials for bone tissue engineering in bone defect-related diseases 1003:1135 Our findings provide new evidence that chitosan-collagen composites are promising biomaterials for bone tissue engineering in bone defect-related diseases. 28000715 4 41 theme important 563:571 arg1 factor 573:578 an important factor 560:578 an important factor regulating osteoblast differentiation downstream of phosphorylated Erk1/2 560:652 We showed that the chitosan-collagen composite film increased the transcriptional activity of Runx2, which is an important factor regulating osteoblast differentiation downstream of phosphorylated Erk1/2. 28000715 4 41 theme important 563:571 arg1 which 551:555 which 551:555 which 551:555 We showed that the chitosan-collagen composite film increased the transcriptional activity of Runx2, which is an important factor regulating osteoblast differentiation downstream of phosphorylated Erk1/2. 28000715 2 42 theme MC3T3-E1 354:361 arg1 cells 363:367 MC3T3-E1 cells 354:367 MC3T3-E1 cells 354:367 Here, we report that a chitosan-collagen composite film accelerated osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and matrix mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells. 28000715 2 43 theme composite 256:264 arg1 film 266:269 a chitosan-collagen composite film 236:269 a chitosan-collagen composite film 236:269 Here, we report that a chitosan-collagen composite film accelerated osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and matrix mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells. 28000715 5 44 from Runx2 825:829 arg1 cells 843:847 MC3T3-E1 cells 834:847 MC3T3-E1 cells 834:847 Consistent with this observation, we found that the chitosan-collagen composite film increased the expression of osteoblastic marker genes, including Type I Collagen and Runx2 in MC3T3-E1 cells. 28000715 2 45 theme chitosan-collagen 238:254 arg1 film 266:269 a chitosan-collagen composite film 236:269 a chitosan-collagen composite film 236:269 Here, we report that a chitosan-collagen composite film accelerated osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and matrix mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells. 28000715 7 46 theme bone 1108:1111 arg1 diseases 1128:1135 bone defect-related diseases 1108:1135 bone defect-related diseases 1108:1135 Our findings provide new evidence that chitosan-collagen composites are promising biomaterials for bone tissue engineering in bone defect-related diseases. 28000715 2 47 from proliferation 294:306 arg1 cells 363:367 MC3T3-E1 cells 354:367 MC3T3-E1 cells 354:367 Here, we report that a chitosan-collagen composite film accelerated osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and matrix mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells. 28000715 4 48 theme Runx2 544:548 arg1 activity 532:539 the transcriptional activity 512:539 the transcriptional activity of Runx2 512:548 We showed that the chitosan-collagen composite film increased the transcriptional activity of Runx2, which is an important factor regulating osteoblast differentiation downstream of phosphorylated Erk1/2. 28000715 7 49 theme tissue 1086:1091 arg1 engineering 1093:1103 bone tissue engineering 1081:1103 bone tissue engineering in bone defect-related diseases 1081:1135 Our findings provide new evidence that chitosan-collagen composites are promising biomaterials for bone tissue engineering in bone defect-related diseases. 28000715 5 50 theme Type 805:808 arg1 Collagen 812:819 Type I Collagen 805:819 Type I Collagen 805:819 Consistent with this observation, we found that the chitosan-collagen composite film increased the expression of osteoblastic marker genes, including Type I Collagen and Runx2 in MC3T3-E1 cells. 27988017 0 0 theme activity 192:199 arg1 assessment 158:167 assessment 158:167 assessment of their antimicrobial activity 158:199 Design of pectin-sodium alginate based films for potential healthcare application: Study of chemico-physical interactions between the components of films and assessment of their antimicrobial activity. 27988017 0 0 theme activity 192:199 arg1 Study 83:87 Study 83:87 Study of chemico-physical interactions between the components of films 83:152 Design of pectin-sodium alginate based films for potential healthcare application: Study of chemico-physical interactions between the components of films and assessment of their antimicrobial activity. 27988017 5 1 theme exploited 941:949 arg1 pathogens 951:959 the most common exploited pathogens 925:959 the most common exploited pathogens: Staphylococcus Aureus, Escherichia Coli and Candida Albicans 925:1021 Finally, zinc-crosslinked films evidenced antimicrobial activity against the most common exploited pathogens: Staphylococcus Aureus, Escherichia Coli and Candida Albicans. 27988017 6 2 theme based 1068:1072 arg1 films 1074:1078 zinc-crosslinked based films 1051:1078 zinc-crosslinked based films 1051:1078 These results suggest that zinc-crosslinked based films can be exploitable as novel bio-active biomaterials for protection and disinfection of medical devices. 27988017 0 3 theme antimicrobial 178:190 arg1 activity 192:199 their antimicrobial activity 172:199 their antimicrobial activity 172:199 Design of pectin-sodium alginate based films for potential healthcare application: Study of chemico-physical interactions between the components of films and assessment of their antimicrobial activity. 27988017 6 4 theme devices 1175:1181 arg1 protection 1136:1145 protection 1136:1145 protection 1136:1145 These results suggest that zinc-crosslinked based films can be exploitable as novel bio-active biomaterials for protection and disinfection of medical devices. 27988017 6 4 theme devices 1175:1181 arg1 disinfection 1151:1162 disinfection 1151:1162 disinfection of medical devices 1151:1181 These results suggest that zinc-crosslinked based films can be exploitable as novel bio-active biomaterials for protection and disinfection of medical devices. 27988017 4 5 theme based 692:696 arg1 formulations 698:709 pectin based formulations 685:709 pectin based formulations 685:709 The inclusion of alginate in pectin based formulations improved the strength of zinc ions crosslinking network, whereas the addition of polyglycerol significantly improved mechanical performance. 27988017 6 6 theme zinc-crosslinked 1051:1066 arg1 films 1074:1078 zinc-crosslinked based films 1051:1078 zinc-crosslinked based films 1051:1078 These results suggest that zinc-crosslinked based films can be exploitable as novel bio-active biomaterials for protection and disinfection of medical devices. 27988017 0 7 theme chemico-physical 92:107 arg1 interactions 109:120 chemico-physical interactions 92:120 chemico-physical interactions between the components of films 92:152 Design of pectin-sodium alginate based films for potential healthcare application: Study of chemico-physical interactions between the components of films and assessment of their antimicrobial activity. 27988017 3 8 theme zinc 542:545 arg1 ions 547:550 zinc ions 542:550 zinc ions 542:550 The development of junction points, occurring during the crosslinking process with zinc ions, induced the increasing of free volume with following changing in chemico-physical properties of films. 27988017 6 9 link zinc-crosslinked 1051:1066 arg1 films 1074:1078 zinc-crosslinked based films 1051:1078 zinc-crosslinked based films 1051:1078 These results suggest that zinc-crosslinked based films can be exploitable as novel bio-active biomaterials for protection and disinfection of medical devices. 27988017 1 10 theme sodium 267:272 arg1 alginate 274:281 sodium alginate 267:281 sodium alginate 267:281 In this study, pectin based films including different amounts of sodium alginate were prepared by casting method. 27988017 5 11 dep exploited 941:949 arg1 common 934:939 common 934:939 common 934:939 Finally, zinc-crosslinked films evidenced antimicrobial activity against the most common exploited pathogens: Staphylococcus Aureus, Escherichia Coli and Candida Albicans. 27988017 5 12 link zinc-crosslinked 861:876 arg1 films 878:882 zinc-crosslinked films 861:882 zinc-crosslinked films 861:882 Finally, zinc-crosslinked films evidenced antimicrobial activity against the most common exploited pathogens: Staphylococcus Aureus, Escherichia Coli and Candida Albicans. 27988017 6 13 theme medical 1167:1173 arg1 devices 1175:1181 medical devices 1167:1181 medical devices 1167:1181 These results suggest that zinc-crosslinked based films can be exploitable as novel bio-active biomaterials for protection and disinfection of medical devices. 27988017 1 14 theme alginate 274:281 arg1 amounts 256:262 different amounts 246:262 different amounts of sodium alginate 246:281 In this study, pectin based films including different amounts of sodium alginate were prepared by casting method. 27988017 1 14 theme alginate 274:281 arg1 alginate 274:281 sodium alginate 267:281 sodium alginate 267:281 In this study, pectin based films including different amounts of sodium alginate were prepared by casting method. 27988017 6 15 theme bio-active 1108:1117 arg1 biomaterials 1119:1130 novel bio-active biomaterials 1102:1130 novel bio-active biomaterials for protection and disinfection of medical devices 1102:1181 These results suggest that zinc-crosslinked based films can be exploitable as novel bio-active biomaterials for protection and disinfection of medical devices. 27988017 5 16 theme antimicrobial 894:906 arg1 activity 908:915 antimicrobial activity 894:915 antimicrobial activity against the most common exploited pathogens: Staphylococcus Aureus, Escherichia Coli and Candida Albicans 894:1021 Finally, zinc-crosslinked films evidenced antimicrobial activity against the most common exploited pathogens: Staphylococcus Aureus, Escherichia Coli and Candida Albicans. 27988017 0 17 theme interactions 109:120 arg1 assessment 158:167 assessment 158:167 assessment of their antimicrobial activity 158:199 Design of pectin-sodium alginate based films for potential healthcare application: Study of chemico-physical interactions between the components of films and assessment of their antimicrobial activity. 27988017 0 17 theme interactions 109:120 arg1 Study 83:87 Study 83:87 Study of chemico-physical interactions between the components of films 83:152 Design of pectin-sodium alginate based films for potential healthcare application: Study of chemico-physical interactions between the components of films and assessment of their antimicrobial activity. 27988017 3 18 with process 529:535 arg1 ions 547:550 zinc ions 542:550 zinc ions 542:550 The development of junction points, occurring during the crosslinking process with zinc ions, induced the increasing of free volume with following changing in chemico-physical properties of films. 27988017 4 19 from inclusion 660:668 arg1 formulations 698:709 pectin based formulations 685:709 pectin based formulations 685:709 The inclusion of alginate in pectin based formulations improved the strength of zinc ions crosslinking network, whereas the addition of polyglycerol significantly improved mechanical performance. 27988017 2 20 theme potential 434:442 arg1 functionality 444:456 their potential functionality 428:456 their potential functionality 428:456 All the films, with and without polyglycerol as plasticizer, were crosslinked with zinc ions in order to extend their potential functionality. 27988017 4 21 theme ions 741:744 arg1 strength 724:731 the strength 720:731 the strength of zinc ions crosslinking network 720:765 The inclusion of alginate in pectin based formulations improved the strength of zinc ions crosslinking network, whereas the addition of polyglycerol significantly improved mechanical performance. 27988017 4 22 theme alginate 673:680 arg1 inclusion 660:668 The inclusion 656:668 The inclusion of alginate in pectin based formulations 656:709 The inclusion of alginate in pectin based formulations improved the strength of zinc ions crosslinking network, whereas the addition of polyglycerol significantly improved mechanical performance. 27988017 4 23 theme zinc 736:739 arg1 ions 741:744 zinc ions 736:744 zinc ions crosslinking network 736:765 The inclusion of alginate in pectin based formulations improved the strength of zinc ions crosslinking network, whereas the addition of polyglycerol significantly improved mechanical performance. 27988017 0 24 theme alginate 24:31 arg1 films 39:43 pectin-sodium alginate based films 10:43 pectin-sodium alginate based films 10:43 Design of pectin-sodium alginate based films for potential healthcare application: Study of chemico-physical interactions between the components of films and assessment of their antimicrobial activity. 27988017 0 25 theme pectin-sodium 10:22 arg1 films 39:43 pectin-sodium alginate based films 10:43 pectin-sodium alginate based films 10:43 Design of pectin-sodium alginate based films for potential healthcare application: Study of chemico-physical interactions between the components of films and assessment of their antimicrobial activity. 27988017 3 26 theme films 649:653 arg1 properties 635:644 chemico-physical properties 618:644 chemico-physical properties of films 618:653 The development of junction points, occurring during the crosslinking process with zinc ions, induced the increasing of free volume with following changing in chemico-physical properties of films. 27988017 5 27 theme Candida 1006:1012 arg1 Albicans 1014:1021 Candida Albicans 1006:1021 Candida Albicans 1006:1021 Finally, zinc-crosslinked films evidenced antimicrobial activity against the most common exploited pathogens: Staphylococcus Aureus, Escherichia Coli and Candida Albicans. 27988017 5 28 theme zinc-crosslinked 861:876 arg1 films 878:882 zinc-crosslinked films 861:882 zinc-crosslinked films 861:882 Finally, zinc-crosslinked films evidenced antimicrobial activity against the most common exploited pathogens: Staphylococcus Aureus, Escherichia Coli and Candida Albicans. 27988017 0 29 theme films 39:43 arg1 Design 0:5 Design 0:5 Design of pectin-sodium alginate based films for potential healthcare application: Study of chemico-physical interactions between the components of films and assessment of their antimicrobial activity. 0:200 Design of pectin-sodium alginate based films for potential healthcare application: Study of chemico-physical interactions between the components of films and assessment of their antimicrobial activity. 27988017 1 30 theme casting 300:306 arg1 method 308:313 casting method 300:313 casting method 300:313 In this study, pectin based films including different amounts of sodium alginate were prepared by casting method. 27988017 0 31 theme films 148:152 arg1 components 134:143 the components 130:143 the components of films 130:152 Design of pectin-sodium alginate based films for potential healthcare application: Study of chemico-physical interactions between the components of films and assessment of their antimicrobial activity. 27988017 6 32 theme novel 1102:1106 arg1 biomaterials 1119:1130 novel bio-active biomaterials 1102:1130 novel bio-active biomaterials for protection and disinfection of medical devices 1102:1181 These results suggest that zinc-crosslinked based films can be exploitable as novel bio-active biomaterials for protection and disinfection of medical devices. 27988017 0 33 theme based 33:37 arg1 films 39:43 pectin-sodium alginate based films 10:43 pectin-sodium alginate based films 10:43 Design of pectin-sodium alginate based films for potential healthcare application: Study of chemico-physical interactions between the components of films and assessment of their antimicrobial activity. 27988017 4 34 theme mechanical 828:837 arg1 performance 839:849 mechanical performance 828:849 mechanical performance 828:849 The inclusion of alginate in pectin based formulations improved the strength of zinc ions crosslinking network, whereas the addition of polyglycerol significantly improved mechanical performance. 27988017 1 35 theme pectin 217:222 arg1 films 230:234 pectin based films 217:234 pectin based films including different amounts of sodium alginate 217:281 In this study, pectin based films including different amounts of sodium alginate were prepared by casting method. 27988017 0 36 theme potential 49:57 arg1 application 70:80 potential healthcare application 49:80 potential healthcare application 49:80 Design of pectin-sodium alginate based films for potential healthcare application: Study of chemico-physical interactions between the components of films and assessment of their antimicrobial activity. 27988017 5 37 dep pathogens 951:959 arg1 Aureus 977:982 Staphylococcus Aureus 962:982 Staphylococcus Aureus 962:982 Finally, zinc-crosslinked films evidenced antimicrobial activity against the most common exploited pathogens: Staphylococcus Aureus, Escherichia Coli and Candida Albicans. 27988017 5 37 dep pathogens 951:959 arg1 Coli 997:1000 Escherichia Coli 985:1000 Escherichia Coli 985:1000 Finally, zinc-crosslinked films evidenced antimicrobial activity against the most common exploited pathogens: Staphylococcus Aureus, Escherichia Coli and Candida Albicans. 27988017 5 37 dep pathogens 951:959 arg1 Albicans 1014:1021 Candida Albicans 1006:1021 Candida Albicans 1006:1021 Finally, zinc-crosslinked films evidenced antimicrobial activity against the most common exploited pathogens: Staphylococcus Aureus, Escherichia Coli and Candida Albicans. 27988017 3 38 theme points 487:492 arg1 development 463:473 The development 459:473 The development of junction points, occurring during the crosslinking process with zinc ions, 459:551 The development of junction points, occurring during the crosslinking process with zinc ions, induced the increasing of free volume with following changing in chemico-physical properties of films. 27988017 3 39 theme free 579:582 arg1 volume 584:589 free volume 579:589 free volume 579:589 The development of junction points, occurring during the crosslinking process with zinc ions, induced the increasing of free volume with following changing in chemico-physical properties of films. 27988017 4 40 theme polyglycerol 792:803 arg1 addition 780:787 the addition 776:787 the addition of polyglycerol 776:803 The inclusion of alginate in pectin based formulations improved the strength of zinc ions crosslinking network, whereas the addition of polyglycerol significantly improved mechanical performance. 27988017 1 41 theme based 224:228 arg1 films 230:234 pectin based films 217:234 pectin based films including different amounts of sodium alginate 217:281 In this study, pectin based films including different amounts of sodium alginate were prepared by casting method. 27988017 3 42 theme chemico-physical 618:633 arg1 properties 635:644 chemico-physical properties 618:644 chemico-physical properties of films 618:653 The development of junction points, occurring during the crosslinking process with zinc ions, induced the increasing of free volume with following changing in chemico-physical properties of films. 27988017 3 43 theme junction 478:485 arg1 points 487:492 junction points 478:492 junction points 478:492 The development of junction points, occurring during the crosslinking process with zinc ions, induced the increasing of free volume with following changing in chemico-physical properties of films. 27988017 2 44 theme zinc 399:402 arg1 ions 404:407 zinc ions 399:407 zinc ions 399:407 All the films, with and without polyglycerol as plasticizer, were crosslinked with zinc ions in order to extend their potential functionality. 27988017 4 45 theme pectin 685:690 arg1 formulations 698:709 pectin based formulations 685:709 pectin based formulations 685:709 The inclusion of alginate in pectin based formulations improved the strength of zinc ions crosslinking network, whereas the addition of polyglycerol significantly improved mechanical performance. 27988017 0 46 theme healthcare 59:68 arg1 application 70:80 potential healthcare application 49:80 potential healthcare application 49:80 Design of pectin-sodium alginate based films for potential healthcare application: Study of chemico-physical interactions between the components of films and assessment of their antimicrobial activity. 27988017 0 47 dep Design 0:5 arg1 assessment 158:167 assessment 158:167 assessment of their antimicrobial activity 158:199 Design of pectin-sodium alginate based films for potential healthcare application: Study of chemico-physical interactions between the components of films and assessment of their antimicrobial activity. 27988017 0 47 dep Design 0:5 arg1 Study 83:87 Study 83:87 Study of chemico-physical interactions between the components of films 83:152 Design of pectin-sodium alginate based films for potential healthcare application: Study of chemico-physical interactions between the components of films and assessment of their antimicrobial activity. 27988017 3 48 theme crosslinking 516:527 arg1 process 529:535 the crosslinking process 512:535 the crosslinking process with zinc ions 512:550 The development of junction points, occurring during the crosslinking process with zinc ions, induced the increasing of free volume with following changing in chemico-physical properties of films. 27988017 1 49 theme different 246:254 arg1 amounts 256:262 different amounts 246:262 different amounts of sodium alginate 246:281 In this study, pectin based films including different amounts of sodium alginate were prepared by casting method. 27988017 1 49 theme different 246:254 arg1 alginate 274:281 sodium alginate 267:281 sodium alginate 267:281 In this study, pectin based films including different amounts of sodium alginate were prepared by casting method. 28531457 0 0 theme Hansenula 79:87 arg1 Y2448 103:107 Pichia (Hansenula) holstii NRRL Y2448 71:107 Pichia (Hansenula) holstii NRRL Y2448 71:107 New structural insights into the oligosaccharide phosphate fraction of Pichia (Hansenula) holstii NRRL Y2448 phosphomannan. 28531457 1 1 theme PI-88 332:336 arg1 preparation 277:287 the preparation 273:287 the preparation of the Phase III anticancer drug candidate PI-88 273:336 The oligosaccharide phosphate fraction (OPF) obtained from mild acid hydrolysis of P. holstii NRRL Y-2448 phosphomannan is the starting material for the preparation of the Phase III anticancer drug candidate PI-88. 28531457 5 2 theme previous 790:797 arg1 assumptions 799:809 previous assumptions 790:809 previous assumptions 790:809 Contrary to previous assumptions, the only phosphorylated disaccharide present is α(1 → 3)-linked. 28531457 2 3 dep oligosaccharides 450:465 arg1 isolated 467:474 isolated 467:474 isolated 467:474 The OPF was for the first time successfully separated by preparative ion exchange chromatography and the major oligosaccharides isolated and characterized by NMR spectroscopy. 28531457 2 3 dep oligosaccharides 450:465 arg1 characterized 480:492 characterized 480:492 characterized by NMR spectroscopy 480:512 The OPF was for the first time successfully separated by preparative ion exchange chromatography and the major oligosaccharides isolated and characterized by NMR spectroscopy. 28531457 2 4 theme NMR 497:499 arg1 spectroscopy 501:512 NMR spectroscopy 497:512 NMR spectroscopy 497:512 The OPF was for the first time successfully separated by preparative ion exchange chromatography and the major oligosaccharides isolated and characterized by NMR spectroscopy. 28531457 6 5 theme ammonium 1031:1038 arg1 bicarbonate 1040:1050 aqueous ammonium bicarbonate 1023:1050 aqueous ammonium bicarbonate 1023:1050 In addition, it was determined that a glycosylamine derivative previously isolated is, in fact, a manufacturing byproduct formed from exposure to aqueous ammonium bicarbonate during chromatographic purification. 28531457 1 6 theme starting 251:258 arg1 fraction 154:161 The oligosaccharide phosphate fraction 124:161 The oligosaccharide phosphate fraction (OPF) obtained from mild acid hydrolysis of P. holstii NRRL Y-2448 phosphomannan 124:242 The oligosaccharide phosphate fraction (OPF) obtained from mild acid hydrolysis of P. holstii NRRL Y-2448 phosphomannan is the starting material for the preparation of the Phase III anticancer drug candidate PI-88. 28531457 1 6 theme starting 251:258 arg1 material 260:267 the starting material 247:267 the starting material for the preparation of the Phase III anticancer drug candidate PI-88 247:336 The oligosaccharide phosphate fraction (OPF) obtained from mild acid hydrolysis of P. holstii NRRL Y-2448 phosphomannan is the starting material for the preparation of the Phase III anticancer drug candidate PI-88. 28531457 0 7 theme holstii 90:96 arg1 Y2448 103:107 Pichia (Hansenula) holstii NRRL Y2448 71:107 Pichia (Hansenula) holstii NRRL Y2448 71:107 New structural insights into the oligosaccharide phosphate fraction of Pichia (Hansenula) holstii NRRL Y2448 phosphomannan. 28531457 4 8 link -linked 713:719 arg1 species 721:727 the known α(1 → 3)/(1 → 2)-linked species 687:727 the known α(1 → 3)/(1 → 2)-linked species 687:727 These studies revealed that the OPF also contained all-α(1 → 3)-linked oligosaccharides in addition to the known α(1 → 3)/(1 → 2)-linked species, most likely formed by hydrolysis of the latter. 28531457 0 9 theme Y2448 103:107 arg1 fraction 59:66 the oligosaccharide phosphate fraction 29:66 the oligosaccharide phosphate fraction of Pichia (Hansenula) holstii NRRL Y2448 29:107 New structural insights into the oligosaccharide phosphate fraction of Pichia (Hansenula) holstii NRRL Y2448 phosphomannan. 28531457 6 10 theme aqueous 1023:1029 arg1 bicarbonate 1040:1050 aqueous ammonium bicarbonate 1023:1050 aqueous ammonium bicarbonate 1023:1050 In addition, it was determined that a glycosylamine derivative previously isolated is, in fact, a manufacturing byproduct formed from exposure to aqueous ammonium bicarbonate during chromatographic purification. 28531457 0 11 theme NRRL 98:101 arg1 Y2448 103:107 Pichia (Hansenula) holstii NRRL Y2448 71:107 Pichia (Hansenula) holstii NRRL Y2448 71:107 New structural insights into the oligosaccharide phosphate fraction of Pichia (Hansenula) holstii NRRL Y2448 phosphomannan. 28531457 5 12 theme phosphorylated 821:834 arg1 -linked 868:874 -linked 868:874 -linked 868:874 Contrary to previous assumptions, the only phosphorylated disaccharide present is α(1 → 3)-linked. 28531457 5 12 theme phosphorylated 821:834 arg1 present 849:855 the only phosphorylated disaccharide present 812:855 the only phosphorylated disaccharide present 812:855 Contrary to previous assumptions, the only phosphorylated disaccharide present is α(1 → 3)-linked. 28531457 0 13 theme structural 4:13 arg1 insights 15:22 New structural insights 0:22 New structural insights into the oligosaccharide phosphate fraction of Pichia (Hansenula) holstii NRRL Y2448 0:107 New structural insights into the oligosaccharide phosphate fraction of Pichia (Hansenula) holstii NRRL Y2448 phosphomannan. 28531457 5 14 theme disaccharide 836:847 arg1 -linked 868:874 -linked 868:874 -linked 868:874 Contrary to previous assumptions, the only phosphorylated disaccharide present is α(1 → 3)-linked. 28531457 5 14 theme disaccharide 836:847 arg1 present 849:855 the only phosphorylated disaccharide present 812:855 the only phosphorylated disaccharide present 812:855 Contrary to previous assumptions, the only phosphorylated disaccharide present is α(1 → 3)-linked. 28531457 0 15 theme New 0:2 arg1 insights 15:22 New structural insights 0:22 New structural insights into the oligosaccharide phosphate fraction of Pichia (Hansenula) holstii NRRL Y2448 0:107 New structural insights into the oligosaccharide phosphate fraction of Pichia (Hansenula) holstii NRRL Y2448 phosphomannan. 28531457 6 16 theme glycosylamine 915:927 arg1 byproduct 989:997 a manufacturing byproduct 973:997 a manufacturing byproduct formed from exposure to aqueous ammonium bicarbonate during chromatographic purification 973:1086 In addition, it was determined that a glycosylamine derivative previously isolated is, in fact, a manufacturing byproduct formed from exposure to aqueous ammonium bicarbonate during chromatographic purification. 28531457 6 16 theme glycosylamine 915:927 arg1 derivative 929:938 a glycosylamine derivative 913:938 a glycosylamine derivative previously isolated 913:958 In addition, it was determined that a glycosylamine derivative previously isolated is, in fact, a manufacturing byproduct formed from exposure to aqueous ammonium bicarbonate during chromatographic purification. 28531457 1 17 theme mild 183:186 arg1 hydrolysis 193:202 mild acid hydrolysis 183:202 mild acid hydrolysis of P. holstii NRRL Y-2448 phosphomannan 183:242 The oligosaccharide phosphate fraction (OPF) obtained from mild acid hydrolysis of P. holstii NRRL Y-2448 phosphomannan is the starting material for the preparation of the Phase III anticancer drug candidate PI-88. 28531457 7 18 theme generic 1119:1125 arg1 structure 1127:1135 a new generic structure 1113:1135 a new generic structure for PI-88 1113:1145 Based on these findings a new generic structure for PI-88 is proposed which more accurately reflects its composition. 28531457 6 19 from byproduct 989:997 arg1 fact 967:970 fact 967:970 fact 967:970 In addition, it was determined that a glycosylamine derivative previously isolated is, in fact, a manufacturing byproduct formed from exposure to aqueous ammonium bicarbonate during chromatographic purification. 28531457 3 20 theme LC-MS 568:572 arg1 analysis 574:581 LC-MS analysis 568:581 LC-MS analysis 568:581 The components were also acetylated and subjected to LC-MS analysis. 28531457 1 21 theme acid 188:191 arg1 hydrolysis 193:202 mild acid hydrolysis 183:202 mild acid hydrolysis of P. holstii NRRL Y-2448 phosphomannan 183:242 The oligosaccharide phosphate fraction (OPF) obtained from mild acid hydrolysis of P. holstii NRRL Y-2448 phosphomannan is the starting material for the preparation of the Phase III anticancer drug candidate PI-88. 28531457 4 22 theme -linked 713:719 arg1 species 721:727 the known α(1 → 3)/(1 → 2)-linked species 687:727 the known α(1 → 3)/(1 → 2)-linked species 687:727 These studies revealed that the OPF also contained all-α(1 → 3)-linked oligosaccharides in addition to the known α(1 → 3)/(1 → 2)-linked species, most likely formed by hydrolysis of the latter. 28531457 2 23 theme ion 408:410 arg1 chromatography 421:434 preparative ion exchange chromatography 396:434 preparative ion exchange chromatography 396:434 The OPF was for the first time successfully separated by preparative ion exchange chromatography and the major oligosaccharides isolated and characterized by NMR spectroscopy. 28531457 0 24 theme oligosaccharide 33:47 arg1 fraction 59:66 the oligosaccharide phosphate fraction 29:66 the oligosaccharide phosphate fraction of Pichia (Hansenula) holstii NRRL Y2448 29:107 New structural insights into the oligosaccharide phosphate fraction of Pichia (Hansenula) holstii NRRL Y2448 phosphomannan. 28531457 4 25 theme -linked 647:653 arg1 oligosaccharides 655:670 all-α(1 → 3)-linked oligosaccharides 635:670 all-α(1 → 3)-linked oligosaccharides 635:670 These studies revealed that the OPF also contained all-α(1 → 3)-linked oligosaccharides in addition to the known α(1 → 3)/(1 → 2)-linked species, most likely formed by hydrolysis of the latter. 28531457 2 26 theme first 359:363 arg1 time 365:368 the first time 355:368 the first time successfully separated by preparative ion exchange chromatography 355:434 The OPF was for the first time successfully separated by preparative ion exchange chromatography and the major oligosaccharides isolated and characterized by NMR spectroscopy. 28531457 2 27 theme preparative 396:406 arg1 chromatography 421:434 preparative ion exchange chromatography 396:434 preparative ion exchange chromatography 396:434 The OPF was for the first time successfully separated by preparative ion exchange chromatography and the major oligosaccharides isolated and characterized by NMR spectroscopy. 28531457 4 28 theme known 691:695 arg1 α 697:697 the known α 687:697 the known α(1 → 3)/ 687:705 These studies revealed that the OPF also contained all-α(1 → 3)-linked oligosaccharides in addition to the known α(1 → 3)/(1 → 2)-linked species, most likely formed by hydrolysis of the latter. 28531457 4 28 theme known 691:695 arg1 1 → 3 699:703 1 → 3 699:703 1 → 3 699:703 These studies revealed that the OPF also contained all-α(1 → 3)-linked oligosaccharides in addition to the known α(1 → 3)/(1 → 2)-linked species, most likely formed by hydrolysis of the latter. 28531457 1 29 theme Phase 296:300 arg1 PI-88 332:336 the Phase III anticancer drug candidate PI-88 292:336 the Phase III anticancer drug candidate PI-88 292:336 The oligosaccharide phosphate fraction (OPF) obtained from mild acid hydrolysis of P. holstii NRRL Y-2448 phosphomannan is the starting material for the preparation of the Phase III anticancer drug candidate PI-88. 28531457 7 30 theme new 1115:1117 arg1 structure 1127:1135 a new generic structure 1113:1135 a new generic structure for PI-88 1113:1145 Based on these findings a new generic structure for PI-88 is proposed which more accurately reflects its composition. 28531457 4 31 theme latter 770:775 arg1 hydrolysis 752:761 hydrolysis 752:761 hydrolysis of the latter 752:775 These studies revealed that the OPF also contained all-α(1 → 3)-linked oligosaccharides in addition to the known α(1 → 3)/(1 → 2)-linked species, most likely formed by hydrolysis of the latter. 28531457 1 32 theme P. holstii 207:216 arg1 phosphomannan 230:242 P. holstii NRRL Y-2448 phosphomannan 207:242 P. holstii NRRL Y-2448 phosphomannan 207:242 The oligosaccharide phosphate fraction (OPF) obtained from mild acid hydrolysis of P. holstii NRRL Y-2448 phosphomannan is the starting material for the preparation of the Phase III anticancer drug candidate PI-88. 28531457 6 33 theme chromatographic 1059:1073 arg1 purification 1075:1086 chromatographic purification 1059:1086 chromatographic purification 1059:1086 In addition, it was determined that a glycosylamine derivative previously isolated is, in fact, a manufacturing byproduct formed from exposure to aqueous ammonium bicarbonate during chromatographic purification. 28531457 4 34 dep species 721:727 arg1 addition 675:682 addition 675:682 addition 675:682 These studies revealed that the OPF also contained all-α(1 → 3)-linked oligosaccharides in addition to the known α(1 → 3)/(1 → 2)-linked species, most likely formed by hydrolysis of the latter. 28531457 0 35 theme phosphate 49:57 arg1 fraction 59:66 the oligosaccharide phosphate fraction 29:66 the oligosaccharide phosphate fraction of Pichia (Hansenula) holstii NRRL Y2448 29:107 New structural insights into the oligosaccharide phosphate fraction of Pichia (Hansenula) holstii NRRL Y2448 phosphomannan. 28531457 1 36 theme anticancer 306:315 arg1 PI-88 332:336 the Phase III anticancer drug candidate PI-88 292:336 the Phase III anticancer drug candidate PI-88 292:336 The oligosaccharide phosphate fraction (OPF) obtained from mild acid hydrolysis of P. holstii NRRL Y-2448 phosphomannan is the starting material for the preparation of the Phase III anticancer drug candidate PI-88. 28531457 4 37 dep -linked 713:719 arg1 α 697:697 the known α 687:697 the known α(1 → 3)/ 687:705 These studies revealed that the OPF also contained all-α(1 → 3)-linked oligosaccharides in addition to the known α(1 → 3)/(1 → 2)-linked species, most likely formed by hydrolysis of the latter. 28531457 4 37 dep -linked 713:719 arg1 1 → 3 699:703 1 → 3 699:703 1 → 3 699:703 These studies revealed that the OPF also contained all-α(1 → 3)-linked oligosaccharides in addition to the known α(1 → 3)/(1 → 2)-linked species, most likely formed by hydrolysis of the latter. 28531457 1 38 theme drug 317:320 arg1 PI-88 332:336 the Phase III anticancer drug candidate PI-88 292:336 the Phase III anticancer drug candidate PI-88 292:336 The oligosaccharide phosphate fraction (OPF) obtained from mild acid hydrolysis of P. holstii NRRL Y-2448 phosphomannan is the starting material for the preparation of the Phase III anticancer drug candidate PI-88. 28531457 4 39 contain contained 625:633 arg1 species 721:727 the known α(1 → 3)/(1 → 2)-linked species 687:727 the known α(1 → 3)/(1 → 2)-linked species 687:727 These studies revealed that the OPF also contained all-α(1 → 3)-linked oligosaccharides in addition to the known α(1 → 3)/(1 → 2)-linked species, most likely formed by hydrolysis of the latter. 28531457 4 39 contain contained 625:633 arg2 oligosaccharides 655:670 all-α(1 → 3)-linked oligosaccharides 635:670 all-α(1 → 3)-linked oligosaccharides 635:670 These studies revealed that the OPF also contained all-α(1 → 3)-linked oligosaccharides in addition to the known α(1 → 3)/(1 → 2)-linked species, most likely formed by hydrolysis of the latter. 28531457 4 39 contain contained 625:633 arg1 OPF 616:618 the OPF 612:618 the OPF 612:618 These studies revealed that the OPF also contained all-α(1 → 3)-linked oligosaccharides in addition to the known α(1 → 3)/(1 → 2)-linked species, most likely formed by hydrolysis of the latter. 28531457 4 39 contain contained 625:633 arg2 OPF 616:618 the OPF 612:618 the OPF 612:618 These studies revealed that the OPF also contained all-α(1 → 3)-linked oligosaccharides in addition to the known α(1 → 3)/(1 → 2)-linked species, most likely formed by hydrolysis of the latter. 28531457 4 40 link -linked 647:653 arg1 oligosaccharides 655:670 all-α(1 → 3)-linked oligosaccharides 635:670 all-α(1 → 3)-linked oligosaccharides 635:670 These studies revealed that the OPF also contained all-α(1 → 3)-linked oligosaccharides in addition to the known α(1 → 3)/(1 → 2)-linked species, most likely formed by hydrolysis of the latter. 28531457 1 41 theme NRRL 218:221 arg1 phosphomannan 230:242 P. holstii NRRL Y-2448 phosphomannan 207:242 P. holstii NRRL Y-2448 phosphomannan 207:242 The oligosaccharide phosphate fraction (OPF) obtained from mild acid hydrolysis of P. holstii NRRL Y-2448 phosphomannan is the starting material for the preparation of the Phase III anticancer drug candidate PI-88. 28531457 1 42 theme oligosaccharide 128:142 arg1 fraction 154:161 The oligosaccharide phosphate fraction 124:161 The oligosaccharide phosphate fraction (OPF) obtained from mild acid hydrolysis of P. holstii NRRL Y-2448 phosphomannan 124:242 The oligosaccharide phosphate fraction (OPF) obtained from mild acid hydrolysis of P. holstii NRRL Y-2448 phosphomannan is the starting material for the preparation of the Phase III anticancer drug candidate PI-88. 28531457 1 42 theme oligosaccharide 128:142 arg1 material 260:267 the starting material 247:267 the starting material for the preparation of the Phase III anticancer drug candidate PI-88 247:336 The oligosaccharide phosphate fraction (OPF) obtained from mild acid hydrolysis of P. holstii NRRL Y-2448 phosphomannan is the starting material for the preparation of the Phase III anticancer drug candidate PI-88. 28531457 1 42 theme oligosaccharide 128:142 arg1 OPF 164:166 OPF 164:166 OPF 164:166 The oligosaccharide phosphate fraction (OPF) obtained from mild acid hydrolysis of P. holstii NRRL Y-2448 phosphomannan is the starting material for the preparation of the Phase III anticancer drug candidate PI-88. 28531457 1 43 theme Y-2448 223:228 arg1 phosphomannan 230:242 P. holstii NRRL Y-2448 phosphomannan 207:242 P. holstii NRRL Y-2448 phosphomannan 207:242 The oligosaccharide phosphate fraction (OPF) obtained from mild acid hydrolysis of P. holstii NRRL Y-2448 phosphomannan is the starting material for the preparation of the Phase III anticancer drug candidate PI-88. 28531457 0 44 theme Pichia 71:76 arg1 Y2448 103:107 Pichia (Hansenula) holstii NRRL Y2448 71:107 Pichia (Hansenula) holstii NRRL Y2448 71:107 New structural insights into the oligosaccharide phosphate fraction of Pichia (Hansenula) holstii NRRL Y2448 phosphomannan. 28531457 2 45 theme exchange 412:419 arg1 chromatography 421:434 preparative ion exchange chromatography 396:434 preparative ion exchange chromatography 396:434 The OPF was for the first time successfully separated by preparative ion exchange chromatography and the major oligosaccharides isolated and characterized by NMR spectroscopy. 28531457 1 46 theme phosphate 144:152 arg1 fraction 154:161 The oligosaccharide phosphate fraction 124:161 The oligosaccharide phosphate fraction (OPF) obtained from mild acid hydrolysis of P. holstii NRRL Y-2448 phosphomannan 124:242 The oligosaccharide phosphate fraction (OPF) obtained from mild acid hydrolysis of P. holstii NRRL Y-2448 phosphomannan is the starting material for the preparation of the Phase III anticancer drug candidate PI-88. 28531457 1 46 theme phosphate 144:152 arg1 material 260:267 the starting material 247:267 the starting material for the preparation of the Phase III anticancer drug candidate PI-88 247:336 The oligosaccharide phosphate fraction (OPF) obtained from mild acid hydrolysis of P. holstii NRRL Y-2448 phosphomannan is the starting material for the preparation of the Phase III anticancer drug candidate PI-88. 28531457 1 46 theme phosphate 144:152 arg1 OPF 164:166 OPF 164:166 OPF 164:166 The oligosaccharide phosphate fraction (OPF) obtained from mild acid hydrolysis of P. holstii NRRL Y-2448 phosphomannan is the starting material for the preparation of the Phase III anticancer drug candidate PI-88. 28531457 1 47 theme phosphomannan 230:242 arg1 hydrolysis 193:202 mild acid hydrolysis 183:202 mild acid hydrolysis of P. holstii NRRL Y-2448 phosphomannan 183:242 The oligosaccharide phosphate fraction (OPF) obtained from mild acid hydrolysis of P. holstii NRRL Y-2448 phosphomannan is the starting material for the preparation of the Phase III anticancer drug candidate PI-88. 28531457 1 48 theme candidate 322:330 arg1 PI-88 332:336 the Phase III anticancer drug candidate PI-88 292:336 the Phase III anticancer drug candidate PI-88 292:336 The oligosaccharide phosphate fraction (OPF) obtained from mild acid hydrolysis of P. holstii NRRL Y-2448 phosphomannan is the starting material for the preparation of the Phase III anticancer drug candidate PI-88. 28531457 2 49 theme major 444:448 arg1 oligosaccharides 450:465 the major oligosaccharides 440:465 the major oligosaccharides isolated and characterized by NMR spectroscopy 440:512 The OPF was for the first time successfully separated by preparative ion exchange chromatography and the major oligosaccharides isolated and characterized by NMR spectroscopy. 28531457 6 50 theme manufacturing 975:987 arg1 byproduct 989:997 a manufacturing byproduct 973:997 a manufacturing byproduct formed from exposure to aqueous ammonium bicarbonate during chromatographic purification 973:1086 In addition, it was determined that a glycosylamine derivative previously isolated is, in fact, a manufacturing byproduct formed from exposure to aqueous ammonium bicarbonate during chromatographic purification. 28531457 6 50 theme manufacturing 975:987 arg1 derivative 929:938 a glycosylamine derivative 913:938 a glycosylamine derivative previously isolated 913:958 In addition, it was determined that a glycosylamine derivative previously isolated is, in fact, a manufacturing byproduct formed from exposure to aqueous ammonium bicarbonate during chromatographic purification. 25053035 9 0 theme free 1232:1235 arg1 ε-PL 1237:1240 free ε-PL 1232:1240 free ε-PL 1232:1240 This antimicrobial trend of the composite films was in agreement with the results of free ε-PL. 25053035 3 1 theme infrared 343:350 arg1 FT-IR 361:365 FT-IR 361:365 FT-IR 361:365 Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) showed that the carbonyl group stretching vibration band of the ε-PL molecule shifted from 1646 cm(-1) to 1673 cm(-1) in the composite films. 25053035 3 1 theme infrared 343:350 arg1 spectra 352:358 Fourier-transform infrared spectra 325:358 Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) 325:366 Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) showed that the carbonyl group stretching vibration band of the ε-PL molecule shifted from 1646 cm(-1) to 1673 cm(-1) in the composite films. 25053035 7 2 theme tested 1046:1051 arg1 P<0.05 1063:1068 P<0.05 1063:1068 P<0.05 1063:1068 These composite films exhibited effective inhibition against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, films containing 2% (w/w) ε-PL effectively suppressed the growth of the tested microbes (P<0.05). 25053035 7 2 theme tested 1046:1051 arg1 microbes 1053:1060 the tested microbes 1042:1060 the tested microbes (P<0.05) 1042:1069 These composite films exhibited effective inhibition against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, films containing 2% (w/w) ε-PL effectively suppressed the growth of the tested microbes (P<0.05). 25053035 8 3 theme Aspergillus 1128:1138 arg1 niger 1140:1144 Aspergillus niger 1128:1144 Aspergillus niger 1128:1144 The starch/ε-PL films showed a low inhibitory effect on Aspergillus niger. 25053035 1 4 theme 4 174:174 arg1 % 175:175 % 175:175 % 175:175 Starch/ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) composite films were prepared by combining 4% (w/v) gelatinized cornstarch and varying the level of ε-PL. 25053035 4 5 theme calorimetry 532:542 arg1 results 550:556 Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results 510:556 Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results 510:556 Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicated that there were sharp endothermal peaks at 215-230 °C for the composite films. 25053035 3 6 from cm 479:480 arg1 films 503:507 the composite films 489:507 the composite films 489:507 Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) showed that the carbonyl group stretching vibration band of the ε-PL molecule shifted from 1646 cm(-1) to 1673 cm(-1) in the composite films. 25053035 9 7 theme composite 1179:1187 arg1 films 1189:1193 the composite films 1175:1193 the composite films 1175:1193 This antimicrobial trend of the composite films was in agreement with the results of free ε-PL. 25053035 2 8 theme antimicrobial 266:278 arg1 properties 280:289 The physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties 237:289 The physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties of these films 237:304 The physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties of these films were investigated. 25053035 3 9 theme composite 493:501 arg1 films 503:507 the composite films 489:507 the composite films 489:507 Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) showed that the carbonyl group stretching vibration band of the ε-PL molecule shifted from 1646 cm(-1) to 1673 cm(-1) in the composite films. 25053035 7 10 theme composite 879:887 arg1 films 889:893 These composite films 873:893 These composite films 873:893 These composite films exhibited effective inhibition against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, films containing 2% (w/w) ε-PL effectively suppressed the growth of the tested microbes (P<0.05). 25053035 1 11 theme % 175:175 arg1 cornstarch 195:204 4% (w/v) gelatinized cornstarch 174:204 4% (w/v) gelatinized cornstarch 174:204 Starch/ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) composite films were prepared by combining 4% (w/v) gelatinized cornstarch and varying the level of ε-PL. 25053035 5 12 theme intense 689:695 arg1 interaction 697:707 an intense interaction 686:707 an intense interaction between the two components 686:734 These results indicated that there was an intense interaction between the two components. 25053035 2 13 theme mechanical 251:260 arg1 properties 280:289 The physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties 237:289 The physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties of these films 237:304 The physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties of these films were investigated. 25053035 3 14 theme molecule 437:444 arg1 band 420:423 the carbonyl group stretching vibration band 380:423 the carbonyl group stretching vibration band of the ε-PL molecule 380:444 Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) showed that the carbonyl group stretching vibration band of the ε-PL molecule shifted from 1646 cm(-1) to 1673 cm(-1) in the composite films. 25053035 8 15 from effect 1118:1123 arg1 niger 1140:1144 Aspergillus niger 1128:1144 Aspergillus niger 1128:1144 The starch/ε-PL films showed a low inhibitory effect on Aspergillus niger. 25053035 7 16 contain containing 980:989 arg2 ε-PL 1000:1003 2% (w/w) ε-PL 991:1003 2% (w/w) ε-PL 991:1003 These composite films exhibited effective inhibition against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, films containing 2% (w/w) ε-PL effectively suppressed the growth of the tested microbes (P<0.05). 25053035 7 16 contain containing 980:989 arg1 films 974:978 films 974:978 films containing 2% (w/w) ε-PL 974:1003 These composite films exhibited effective inhibition against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, films containing 2% (w/w) ε-PL effectively suppressed the growth of the tested microbes (P<0.05). 25053035 3 17 theme carbonyl 384:391 arg1 band 420:423 the carbonyl group stretching vibration band 380:423 the carbonyl group stretching vibration band of the ε-PL molecule 380:444 Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) showed that the carbonyl group stretching vibration band of the ε-PL molecule shifted from 1646 cm(-1) to 1673 cm(-1) in the composite films. 25053035 9 18 theme ε-PL 1237:1240 arg1 results 1221:1227 the results 1217:1227 the results of free ε-PL 1217:1240 This antimicrobial trend of the composite films was in agreement with the results of free ε-PL. 25053035 2 19 theme films 300:304 arg1 properties 280:289 The physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties 237:289 The physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties of these films 237:304 The physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties of these films were investigated. 25053035 8 20 theme inhibitory 1107:1116 arg1 effect 1118:1123 a low inhibitory effect 1101:1123 a low inhibitory effect on Aspergillus niger 1101:1144 The starch/ε-PL films showed a low inhibitory effect on Aspergillus niger. 25053035 8 21 theme starch/ε-PL 1076:1086 arg1 films 1088:1092 The starch/ε-PL films 1072:1092 The starch/ε-PL films 1072:1092 The starch/ε-PL films showed a low inhibitory effect on Aspergillus niger. 25053035 1 22 theme gelatinized 183:193 arg1 cornstarch 195:204 4% (w/v) gelatinized cornstarch 174:204 4% (w/v) gelatinized cornstarch 174:204 Starch/ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) composite films were prepared by combining 4% (w/v) gelatinized cornstarch and varying the level of ε-PL. 25053035 0 23 theme mechanical 10:19 arg1 properties 39:48 Physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties 0:48 Physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties of starch films 0:64 Physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties of starch films incorporated with ε-poly-L-lysine. 25053035 4 24 theme scanning 523:530 arg1 DSC 545:547 DSC 545:547 DSC 545:547 Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicated that there were sharp endothermal peaks at 215-230 °C for the composite films. 25053035 4 24 theme scanning 523:530 arg1 calorimetry 532:542 Differential scanning calorimetry 510:542 Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results 510:556 Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicated that there were sharp endothermal peaks at 215-230 °C for the composite films. 25053035 3 25 theme vibration 410:418 arg1 band 420:423 the carbonyl group stretching vibration band 380:423 the carbonyl group stretching vibration band of the ε-PL molecule 380:444 Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) showed that the carbonyl group stretching vibration band of the ε-PL molecule shifted from 1646 cm(-1) to 1673 cm(-1) in the composite films. 25053035 4 26 theme Differential 510:521 arg1 DSC 545:547 DSC 545:547 DSC 545:547 Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicated that there were sharp endothermal peaks at 215-230 °C for the composite films. 25053035 4 26 theme Differential 510:521 arg1 calorimetry 532:542 Differential scanning calorimetry 510:542 Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results 510:556 Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicated that there were sharp endothermal peaks at 215-230 °C for the composite films. 25053035 7 27 theme % 992:992 arg1 ε-PL 1000:1003 2% (w/w) ε-PL 991:1003 2% (w/w) ε-PL 991:1003 These composite films exhibited effective inhibition against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, films containing 2% (w/w) ε-PL effectively suppressed the growth of the tested microbes (P<0.05). 25053035 7 28 theme microbes 1053:1060 arg1 growth 1032:1037 the growth 1028:1037 the growth of the tested microbes (P<0.05) 1028:1069 These composite films exhibited effective inhibition against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, films containing 2% (w/w) ε-PL effectively suppressed the growth of the tested microbes (P<0.05). 25053035 0 29 theme antimicrobial 25:37 arg1 properties 39:48 Physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties 0:48 Physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties of starch films 0:64 Physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties of starch films incorporated with ε-poly-L-lysine. 25053035 9 30 theme antimicrobial 1152:1164 arg1 trend 1166:1170 This antimicrobial trend 1147:1170 This antimicrobial trend of the composite films 1147:1193 This antimicrobial trend of the composite films was in agreement with the results of free ε-PL. 25053035 4 31 theme endothermal 590:600 arg1 peaks 602:606 sharp endothermal peaks 584:606 sharp endothermal peaks 584:606 Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicated that there were sharp endothermal peaks at 215-230 °C for the composite films. 25053035 3 32 theme group 393:397 arg1 band 420:423 the carbonyl group stretching vibration band 380:423 the carbonyl group stretching vibration band of the ε-PL molecule 380:444 Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) showed that the carbonyl group stretching vibration band of the ε-PL molecule shifted from 1646 cm(-1) to 1673 cm(-1) in the composite films. 25053035 0 33 theme films 60:64 arg1 properties 39:48 Physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties 0:48 Physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties of starch films 0:64 Physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties of starch films incorporated with ε-poly-L-lysine. 25053035 1 34 dep % 175:175 arg1 w/v 178:180 w/v 178:180 w/v 178:180 Starch/ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) composite films were prepared by combining 4% (w/v) gelatinized cornstarch and varying the level of ε-PL. 25053035 3 35 theme stretching 399:408 arg1 band 420:423 the carbonyl group stretching vibration band 380:423 the carbonyl group stretching vibration band of the ε-PL molecule 380:444 Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) showed that the carbonyl group stretching vibration band of the ε-PL molecule shifted from 1646 cm(-1) to 1673 cm(-1) in the composite films. 25053035 1 36 theme composite 131:139 arg1 films 141:145 Starch/ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) composite films 101:145 Starch/ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) composite films 101:145 Starch/ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) composite films were prepared by combining 4% (w/v) gelatinized cornstarch and varying the level of ε-PL. 25053035 3 37 theme ε-PL 432:435 arg1 molecule 437:444 the ε-PL molecule 428:444 the ε-PL molecule 428:444 Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) showed that the carbonyl group stretching vibration band of the ε-PL molecule shifted from 1646 cm(-1) to 1673 cm(-1) in the composite films. 25053035 6 38 theme starch 854:859 arg1 film 861:864 the starch film 850:864 the starch film alone 850:870 The films incorporated with ε-PL showed a higher tensile strength (TS) and elongation-at-break (E) than those of the starch film alone. 25053035 0 39 theme Physical 0:7 arg1 properties 39:48 Physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties 0:48 Physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties of starch films 0:64 Physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties of starch films incorporated with ε-poly-L-lysine. 25053035 6 40 theme tensile 786:792 arg1 TS 804:805 TS 804:805 TS 804:805 The films incorporated with ε-PL showed a higher tensile strength (TS) and elongation-at-break (E) than those of the starch film alone. 25053035 6 40 theme tensile 786:792 arg1 strength 794:801 a higher tensile strength 777:801 a higher tensile strength (TS) 777:806 The films incorporated with ε-PL showed a higher tensile strength (TS) and elongation-at-break (E) than those of the starch film alone. 25053035 6 41 theme higher 779:784 arg1 TS 804:805 TS 804:805 TS 804:805 The films incorporated with ε-PL showed a higher tensile strength (TS) and elongation-at-break (E) than those of the starch film alone. 25053035 6 41 theme higher 779:784 arg1 strength 794:801 a higher tensile strength 777:801 a higher tensile strength (TS) 777:806 The films incorporated with ε-PL showed a higher tensile strength (TS) and elongation-at-break (E) than those of the starch film alone. 25053035 2 42 theme physical 241:248 arg1 properties 280:289 The physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties 237:289 The physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties of these films 237:304 The physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties of these films were investigated. 25053035 3 43 theme Fourier-transform 325:341 arg1 FT-IR 361:365 FT-IR 361:365 FT-IR 361:365 Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) showed that the carbonyl group stretching vibration band of the ε-PL molecule shifted from 1646 cm(-1) to 1673 cm(-1) in the composite films. 25053035 3 43 theme Fourier-transform 325:341 arg1 spectra 352:358 Fourier-transform infrared spectra 325:358 Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) 325:366 Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) showed that the carbonyl group stretching vibration band of the ε-PL molecule shifted from 1646 cm(-1) to 1673 cm(-1) in the composite films. 25053035 9 44 theme films 1189:1193 arg1 trend 1166:1170 This antimicrobial trend 1147:1170 This antimicrobial trend of the composite films 1147:1193 This antimicrobial trend of the composite films was in agreement with the results of free ε-PL. 25053035 4 45 theme sharp 584:588 arg1 peaks 602:606 sharp endothermal peaks 584:606 sharp endothermal peaks 584:606 Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicated that there were sharp endothermal peaks at 215-230 °C for the composite films. 25053035 4 46 theme composite 630:638 arg1 films 640:644 the composite films 626:644 the composite films 626:644 Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicated that there were sharp endothermal peaks at 215-230 °C for the composite films. 25053035 0 47 theme starch 53:58 arg1 films 60:64 starch films 53:64 starch films 53:64 Physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties of starch films incorporated with ε-poly-L-lysine. 25053035 8 48 theme low 1103:1105 arg1 effect 1118:1123 a low inhibitory effect 1101:1123 a low inhibitory effect on Aspergillus niger 1101:1144 The starch/ε-PL films showed a low inhibitory effect on Aspergillus niger. 25053035 7 49 theme effective 905:913 arg1 inhibition 915:924 effective inhibition 905:924 effective inhibition 905:924 These composite films exhibited effective inhibition against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, films containing 2% (w/w) ε-PL effectively suppressed the growth of the tested microbes (P<0.05). 25053035 9 50 with agreement 1202:1210 arg1 results 1221:1227 the results 1217:1227 the results of free ε-PL 1217:1240 This antimicrobial trend of the composite films was in agreement with the results of free ε-PL. 25053035 1 51 theme ε-PL 231:234 arg1 level 222:226 the level 218:226 the level of ε-PL 218:234 Starch/ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) composite films were prepared by combining 4% (w/v) gelatinized cornstarch and varying the level of ε-PL. 26876843 0 0 theme efficient 89:97 arg1 separation 118:127 efficient and fast oil-water separation 89:127 efficient and fast oil-water separation 89:127 Synthesis and characterization of a porous and hydrophobic cellulose-based composite for efficient and fast oil-water separation. 26876843 1 1 theme diverse 162:168 arg1 processes 181:189 diverse industrial processes 162:189 diverse industrial processes 162:189 Oily wastewater is generated in diverse industrial processes, and its treatment has become crucial due to increasing environmental concerns. 26876843 5 2 theme % 935:935 arg1 efficiency 916:925 separation efficiency 905:925 separation efficiency of 99.93% 905:935 The silanized cellulose exhibited specific separation performance towards vegetable oil-water mixture (not for mineral oil-water mixture) with separation efficiency of 99.93%. 26876843 3 3 theme transmission 536:547 arg1 TEM 570:572 TEM 570:572 TEM 570:572 The silanized cellulose was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). 26876843 3 3 theme transmission 536:547 arg1 microscopy 558:567 transmission electron microscopy 536:567 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 536:573 The silanized cellulose was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). 26876843 6 4 theme 4628.5Lm 993:1000 arg1 -1 1007:1008 -1 1007:1008 -1 1007:1008 Moreover, the separation was fast with a water flux of 4628.5Lm(-2)h(-1). 26876843 6 4 theme 4628.5Lm 993:1000 arg1 h 1005:1005 4628.5Lm(-2)h 993:1005 4628.5Lm(-2)h(-1) 993:1009 Moreover, the separation was fast with a water flux of 4628.5Lm(-2)h(-1). 26876843 0 5 theme fast 103:106 arg1 separation 118:127 efficient and fast oil-water separation 89:127 efficient and fast oil-water separation 89:127 Synthesis and characterization of a porous and hydrophobic cellulose-based composite for efficient and fast oil-water separation. 26876843 5 6 theme specific 796:803 arg1 performance 816:826 specific separation performance 796:826 specific separation performance towards vegetable oil-water mixture (not for mineral oil-water mixture) 796:898 The silanized cellulose exhibited specific separation performance towards vegetable oil-water mixture (not for mineral oil-water mixture) with separation efficiency of 99.93%. 26876843 3 7 theme electron 585:592 arg1 SEM 606:608 SEM 606:608 SEM 606:608 The silanized cellulose was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). 26876843 3 7 theme electron 585:592 arg1 microscopy 594:603 scanning electron microscopy 576:603 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 576:609 The silanized cellulose was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). 26876843 6 8 with fast 967:970 arg1 flux 985:988 a water flux 977:988 a water flux of 4628.5Lm(-2)h(-1) 977:1009 Moreover, the separation was fast with a water flux of 4628.5Lm(-2)h(-1). 26876843 4 9 theme silanized 692:700 arg1 looser 719:724 silanized cellulose become looser 692:724 silanized cellulose become looser 692:724 A higher mass ratio of HDTMS to MCC made silanized cellulose become looser, and showed lower water absorbency. 26876843 4 10 theme HDTMS 674:678 arg1 ratio 665:669 A higher mass ratio 651:669 A higher mass ratio of HDTMS to MCC 651:685 A higher mass ratio of HDTMS to MCC made silanized cellulose become looser, and showed lower water absorbency. 26876843 5 11 theme mineral 873:879 arg1 mixture 891:897 mineral oil-water mixture 873:897 mineral oil-water mixture 873:897 The silanized cellulose exhibited specific separation performance towards vegetable oil-water mixture (not for mineral oil-water mixture) with separation efficiency of 99.93%. 26876843 0 12 theme oil-water 108:116 arg1 separation 118:127 efficient and fast oil-water separation 89:127 efficient and fast oil-water separation 89:127 Synthesis and characterization of a porous and hydrophobic cellulose-based composite for efficient and fast oil-water separation. 26876843 2 13 theme silanized 279:287 arg1 cellulose 289:297 silanized cellulose 279:297 silanized cellulose 279:297 Herein, silanized cellulose was prepared by sol-gel reaction between microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS) using for oil-water separation. 26876843 4 14 theme mass 660:663 arg1 ratio 665:669 A higher mass ratio 651:669 A higher mass ratio of HDTMS to MCC 651:685 A higher mass ratio of HDTMS to MCC made silanized cellulose become looser, and showed lower water absorbency. 26876843 5 15 theme silanized 766:774 arg1 cellulose 776:784 The silanized cellulose 762:784 The silanized cellulose 762:784 The silanized cellulose exhibited specific separation performance towards vegetable oil-water mixture (not for mineral oil-water mixture) with separation efficiency of 99.93%. 26876843 4 16 theme water 744:748 arg1 absorbency 750:759 lower water absorbency 738:759 lower water absorbency 738:759 A higher mass ratio of HDTMS to MCC made silanized cellulose become looser, and showed lower water absorbency. 26876843 3 17 theme silanized 447:455 arg1 cellulose 457:465 The silanized cellulose 443:465 The silanized cellulose 443:465 The silanized cellulose was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). 26876843 6 18 theme water 979:983 arg1 flux 985:988 a water flux 977:988 a water flux of 4628.5Lm(-2)h(-1) 977:1009 Moreover, the separation was fast with a water flux of 4628.5Lm(-2)h(-1). 26876843 4 19 dep looser 719:724 arg1 become 712:717 become 712:717 become 712:717 A higher mass ratio of HDTMS to MCC made silanized cellulose become looser, and showed lower water absorbency. 26876843 5 20 theme vegetable 836:844 arg1 mixture 856:862 vegetable oil-water mixture 836:862 vegetable oil-water mixture (not for mineral oil-water mixture) 836:898 The silanized cellulose exhibited specific separation performance towards vegetable oil-water mixture (not for mineral oil-water mixture) with separation efficiency of 99.93%. 26876843 3 21 dep transform 496:504 arg1 infrared 506:513 infrared 506:513 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) 496:648 The silanized cellulose was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). 26876843 3 22 theme scanning 576:583 arg1 SEM 606:608 SEM 606:608 SEM 606:608 The silanized cellulose was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). 26876843 3 22 theme scanning 576:583 arg1 microscopy 594:603 scanning electron microscopy 576:603 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 576:609 The silanized cellulose was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). 26876843 5 23 theme oil-water 846:854 arg1 mixture 856:862 vegetable oil-water mixture 836:862 vegetable oil-water mixture (not for mineral oil-water mixture) 836:898 The silanized cellulose exhibited specific separation performance towards vegetable oil-water mixture (not for mineral oil-water mixture) with separation efficiency of 99.93%. 26876843 1 24 theme industrial 170:179 arg1 processes 181:189 diverse industrial processes 162:189 diverse industrial processes 162:189 Oily wastewater is generated in diverse industrial processes, and its treatment has become crucial due to increasing environmental concerns. 26876843 0 25 theme porous 36:41 arg1 composite 75:83 a porous and hydrophobic cellulose-based composite 34:83 a porous and hydrophobic cellulose-based composite for efficient and fast oil-water separation 34:127 Synthesis and characterization of a porous and hydrophobic cellulose-based composite for efficient and fast oil-water separation. 26876843 4 26 theme cellulose 702:710 arg1 looser 719:724 silanized cellulose become looser 692:724 silanized cellulose become looser 692:724 A higher mass ratio of HDTMS to MCC made silanized cellulose become looser, and showed lower water absorbency. 26876843 7 27 theme separation 1016:1025 arg1 efficiency 1027:1036 The separation efficiency 1012:1036 The separation efficiency 1012:1036 The separation efficiency still remained at 99.77% even after recycling for 10 times. 26876843 1 28 dep environmental 247:259 arg1 concerns 261:268 concerns 261:268 concerns 261:268 Oily wastewater is generated in diverse industrial processes, and its treatment has become crucial due to increasing environmental concerns. 26876843 5 29 dep mixture 891:897 arg1 not 865:867 not 865:867 not 865:867 The silanized cellulose exhibited specific separation performance towards vegetable oil-water mixture (not for mineral oil-water mixture) with separation efficiency of 99.93%. 26876843 4 30 theme higher 653:658 arg1 ratio 665:669 A higher mass ratio 651:669 A higher mass ratio of HDTMS to MCC 651:685 A higher mass ratio of HDTMS to MCC made silanized cellulose become looser, and showed lower water absorbency. 26876843 3 31 theme thermal 615:621 arg1 analysis 635:642 thermal gravimetric analysis 615:642 thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) 615:648 The silanized cellulose was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). 26876843 3 31 theme thermal 615:621 arg1 TGA 645:647 TGA 645:647 TGA 645:647 The silanized cellulose was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). 26876843 2 32 theme oil-water 421:429 arg1 separation 431:440 oil-water separation 421:440 oil-water separation 421:440 Herein, silanized cellulose was prepared by sol-gel reaction between microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS) using for oil-water separation. 26876843 0 33 theme hydrophobic 47:57 arg1 composite 75:83 a porous and hydrophobic cellulose-based composite 34:83 a porous and hydrophobic cellulose-based composite for efficient and fast oil-water separation 34:127 Synthesis and characterization of a porous and hydrophobic cellulose-based composite for efficient and fast oil-water separation. 26876843 5 34 theme separation 805:814 arg1 performance 816:826 specific separation performance 796:826 specific separation performance towards vegetable oil-water mixture (not for mineral oil-water mixture) 796:898 The silanized cellulose exhibited specific separation performance towards vegetable oil-water mixture (not for mineral oil-water mixture) with separation efficiency of 99.93%. 26876843 1 35 theme Oily 130:133 arg1 wastewater 135:144 Oily wastewater 130:144 Oily wastewater 130:144 Oily wastewater is generated in diverse industrial processes, and its treatment has become crucial due to increasing environmental concerns. 26876843 2 36 theme sol-gel 315:321 arg1 reaction 323:330 sol-gel reaction 315:330 sol-gel reaction between microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS) using for oil-water separation 315:440 Herein, silanized cellulose was prepared by sol-gel reaction between microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS) using for oil-water separation. 26876843 3 37 dep Fourier 488:494 arg1 transform 496:504 transform 496:504 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) 496:648 The silanized cellulose was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). 26876843 4 38 theme lower 738:742 arg1 absorbency 750:759 lower water absorbency 738:759 lower water absorbency 738:759 A higher mass ratio of HDTMS to MCC made silanized cellulose become looser, and showed lower water absorbency. 26876843 2 39 theme microcrystalline 340:355 arg1 MCC 368:370 MCC 368:370 MCC 368:370 Herein, silanized cellulose was prepared by sol-gel reaction between microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS) using for oil-water separation. 26876843 2 39 theme microcrystalline 340:355 arg1 cellulose 357:365 microcrystalline cellulose 340:365 microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) 340:371 Herein, silanized cellulose was prepared by sol-gel reaction between microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS) using for oil-water separation. 26876843 6 40 theme h 1005:1005 arg1 flux 985:988 a water flux 977:988 a water flux of 4628.5Lm(-2)h(-1) 977:1009 Moreover, the separation was fast with a water flux of 4628.5Lm(-2)h(-1). 26876843 0 41 theme composite 75:83 arg1 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 Synthesis and characterization of a porous and hydrophobic cellulose-based composite for efficient and fast oil-water separation. 26876843 0 41 theme composite 75:83 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis and characterization of a porous and hydrophobic cellulose-based composite for efficient and fast oil-water separation. 26876843 3 42 theme gravimetric 623:633 arg1 analysis 635:642 thermal gravimetric analysis 615:642 thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) 615:648 The silanized cellulose was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). 26876843 3 42 theme gravimetric 623:633 arg1 TGA 645:647 TGA 645:647 TGA 645:647 The silanized cellulose was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). 26876843 3 43 theme electron 549:556 arg1 TEM 570:572 TEM 570:572 TEM 570:572 The silanized cellulose was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). 26876843 3 43 theme electron 549:556 arg1 microscopy 558:567 transmission electron microscopy 536:567 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 536:573 The silanized cellulose was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). 26876843 5 44 theme oil-water 881:889 arg1 mixture 891:897 mineral oil-water mixture 873:897 mineral oil-water mixture 873:897 The silanized cellulose exhibited specific separation performance towards vegetable oil-water mixture (not for mineral oil-water mixture) with separation efficiency of 99.93%. 26876843 0 45 theme cellulose-based 59:73 arg1 composite 75:83 a porous and hydrophobic cellulose-based composite 34:83 a porous and hydrophobic cellulose-based composite for efficient and fast oil-water separation 34:127 Synthesis and characterization of a porous and hydrophobic cellulose-based composite for efficient and fast oil-water separation. 26876843 5 46 theme separation 905:914 arg1 efficiency 916:925 separation efficiency 905:925 separation efficiency of 99.93% 905:935 The silanized cellulose exhibited specific separation performance towards vegetable oil-water mixture (not for mineral oil-water mixture) with separation efficiency of 99.93%. 28509534 9 0 theme N-acetyl-neuraminic 1870:1888 arg1 Neu5Ac 1896:1901 Neu5Ac 1896:1901 Neu5Ac 1896:1901 The sialylation and LacNAc extension patterns of the three ESAs were similar, with a maximum of four N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) moieties detected per glycan. 28509534 9 0 theme N-acetyl-neuraminic 1870:1888 arg1 acid 1890:1893 N-acetyl-neuraminic acid 1870:1893 four N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) moieties detected per glycan 1865:1931 The sialylation and LacNAc extension patterns of the three ESAs were similar, with a maximum of four N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) moieties detected per glycan. 28509534 8 1 theme relative 1605:1612 arg1 abundance 1614:1622 the greatest relative abundance 1592:1622 the greatest relative abundance of O-acetylated derivatives 1592:1650 It was found that Eprex contained the greatest relative abundance of O-acetylated derivatives, Binocrit expressed the least Neu5Gc, and CIGB-EPO showed the greatest variety of high-mannose-phosphate structures. 28509534 3 2 theme reputed 452:458 arg1 products 442:449 epoetin alpha products 428:449 epoetin alpha products 428:449 All three are epoetin alpha products, reputed to have similar glycosylation profiles. 28509534 3 2 theme reputed 452:458 arg1 three 418:422 three 418:422 three 418:422 All three are epoetin alpha products, reputed to have similar glycosylation profiles. 28509534 10 3 theme Such 1934:1937 arg1 differences 1939:1949 Such differences 1934:1949 Such differences in SA derivatization 1934:1970 Such differences in SA derivatization, particularly O-acetylation, could have consequences for the quality and safety of a biotherapeutic, as well as its efficacy. 28509534 10 3 theme Such 1934:1937 arg1 O-acetylation 1986:1998 O-acetylation 1986:1998 O-acetylation 1986:1998 Such differences in SA derivatization, particularly O-acetylation, could have consequences for the quality and safety of a biotherapeutic, as well as its efficacy. 28509534 6 4 theme agent 1251:1255 arg1 products 1263:1270 the erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) products 1220:1270 the erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) products 1220:1270 An automated method for enzymatic release and PROC labeling was applied for the first time to the erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) products, which facilitated novel, in-depth characterization, and allowed identification of precise structural features including the location of O-acetyl groups on sialic acid (SA) moieties. 28509534 3 5 theme glycosylation 476:488 arg1 profiles 490:497 similar glycosylation profiles 468:497 similar glycosylation profiles 468:497 All three are epoetin alpha products, reputed to have similar glycosylation profiles. 28509534 6 6 theme enzymatic 1150:1158 arg1 release 1160:1166 enzymatic release 1150:1166 enzymatic release 1150:1166 An automated method for enzymatic release and PROC labeling was applied for the first time to the erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) products, which facilitated novel, in-depth characterization, and allowed identification of precise structural features including the location of O-acetyl groups on sialic acid (SA) moieties. 28509534 0 7 theme Acid 142:145 arg1 Content 147:153 Sialic Acid Content 135:153 Sialic Acid Content 135:153 Analysis of Three Epoetin Alpha Products by LC and LC-MS Indicates Differences in Glycosylation Critical Quality Attributes, Including Sialic Acid Content. 28509534 6 8 theme erythropoiesis 1224:1237 arg1 agent 1251:1255 the erythropoiesis stimulating agent 1220:1255 the erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) products 1220:1270 An automated method for enzymatic release and PROC labeling was applied for the first time to the erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) products, which facilitated novel, in-depth characterization, and allowed identification of precise structural features including the location of O-acetyl groups on sialic acid (SA) moieties. 28509534 6 8 theme erythropoiesis 1224:1237 arg1 ESA 1258:1260 ESA 1258:1260 ESA 1258:1260 An automated method for enzymatic release and PROC labeling was applied for the first time to the erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) products, which facilitated novel, in-depth characterization, and allowed identification of precise structural features including the location of O-acetyl groups on sialic acid (SA) moieties. 28509534 8 9 theme greatest 1714:1721 arg1 variety 1723:1729 the greatest variety 1710:1729 the greatest variety of high-mannose-phosphate structures 1710:1766 It was found that Eprex contained the greatest relative abundance of O-acetylated derivatives, Binocrit expressed the least Neu5Gc, and CIGB-EPO showed the greatest variety of high-mannose-phosphate structures. 28509534 8 9 theme greatest 1714:1721 arg1 structures 1757:1766 high-mannose-phosphate structures 1734:1766 high-mannose-phosphate structures 1734:1766 It was found that Eprex contained the greatest relative abundance of O-acetylated derivatives, Binocrit expressed the least Neu5Gc, and CIGB-EPO showed the greatest variety of high-mannose-phosphate structures. 28509534 4 10 theme following 571:579 arg1 sialylation 632:642 sialylation 632:642 sialylation 632:642 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 10 theme following 571:579 arg1 pattern 761:767 O-acetylation pattern 747:767 O-acetylation pattern 747:767 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 10 theme following 571:579 arg1 content 681:687 N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content 645:687 N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content 645:687 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 10 theme following 571:579 arg1 attributes 612:621 glycosylation critical quality attributes 581:621 the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern 567:767 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 10 theme following 571:579 arg1 branching 690:698 branching 690:698 branching 690:698 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 10 theme following 571:579 arg1 GCQAs 624:628 GCQAs 624:628 GCQAs 624:628 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 5 11 theme liquid 804:809 arg1 chromatography 811:824 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography 770:824 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis of acid-released, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in combination with mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans 770:1092 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis of acid-released, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in combination with mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans were the analytical tools used. 28509534 5 11 theme liquid 804:809 arg1 RP-UHPLC 827:834 RP-UHPLC 827:834 RP-UHPLC 827:834 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis of acid-released, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in combination with mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans were the analytical tools used. 28509534 4 12 theme critical 595:602 arg1 sialylation 632:642 sialylation 632:642 sialylation 632:642 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 12 theme critical 595:602 arg1 pattern 761:767 O-acetylation pattern 747:767 O-acetylation pattern 747:767 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 12 theme critical 595:602 arg1 content 681:687 N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content 645:687 N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content 645:687 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 12 theme critical 595:602 arg1 attributes 612:621 glycosylation critical quality attributes 581:621 the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern 567:767 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 12 theme critical 595:602 arg1 branching 690:698 branching 690:698 branching 690:698 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 12 theme critical 595:602 arg1 GCQAs 624:628 GCQAs 624:628 GCQAs 624:628 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 6 13 theme in-depth 1298:1305 arg1 characterization 1307:1322 novel, in-depth characterization 1291:1322 characterization 1307:1322 An automated method for enzymatic release and PROC labeling was applied for the first time to the erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) products, which facilitated novel, in-depth characterization, and allowed identification of precise structural features including the location of O-acetyl groups on sialic acid (SA) moieties. 28509534 0 14 theme Epoetin 18:24 arg1 Products 32:39 Three Epoetin Alpha Products 12:39 Three Epoetin Alpha Products 12:39 Analysis of Three Epoetin Alpha Products by LC and LC-MS Indicates Differences in Glycosylation Critical Quality Attributes, Including Sialic Acid Content. 28509534 8 15 theme structures 1757:1766 arg1 variety 1723:1729 the greatest variety 1710:1729 the greatest variety of high-mannose-phosphate structures 1710:1766 It was found that Eprex contained the greatest relative abundance of O-acetylated derivatives, Binocrit expressed the least Neu5Gc, and CIGB-EPO showed the greatest variety of high-mannose-phosphate structures. 28509534 8 15 theme structures 1757:1766 arg1 structures 1757:1766 high-mannose-phosphate structures 1734:1766 high-mannose-phosphate structures 1734:1766 It was found that Eprex contained the greatest relative abundance of O-acetylated derivatives, Binocrit expressed the least Neu5Gc, and CIGB-EPO showed the greatest variety of high-mannose-phosphate structures. 28509534 1 16 theme main 191:194 arg1 therapeutics 196:207 the main therapeutics 187:207 the main therapeutics used to treat anemic patients 187:237 Erythropoietin (EPO) is one of the main therapeutics used to treat anemic patients, greatly improving their quality of life. 28509534 4 17 theme acid 667:670 arg1 attributes 612:621 glycosylation critical quality attributes 581:621 the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern 567:767 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 17 theme acid 667:670 arg1 content 681:687 N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content 645:687 N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content 645:687 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 6 18 theme novel 1291:1295 arg1 characterization 1307:1322 novel, in-depth characterization 1291:1322 characterization 1307:1322 An automated method for enzymatic release and PROC labeling was applied for the first time to the erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) products, which facilitated novel, in-depth characterization, and allowed identification of precise structural features including the location of O-acetyl groups on sialic acid (SA) moieties. 28509534 6 19 from groups 1418:1423 arg1 moieties 1445:1452 sialic acid (SA) moieties 1428:1452 sialic acid (SA) moieties 1428:1452 An automated method for enzymatic release and PROC labeling was applied for the first time to the erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) products, which facilitated novel, in-depth characterization, and allowed identification of precise structural features including the location of O-acetyl groups on sialic acid (SA) moieties. 28509534 5 20 from analysis 837:844 arg1 combination 1001:1011 combination 1001:1011 combination with mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans 1001:1092 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis of acid-released, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in combination with mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans were the analytical tools used. 28509534 5 21 theme sialic 916:921 arg1 derivatives 928:938 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives 864:938 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives 864:938 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis of acid-released, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in combination with mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans were the analytical tools used. 28509534 6 22 theme structural 1363:1372 arg1 features 1374:1381 precise structural features 1355:1381 precise structural features including the location of O-acetyl groups on sialic acid (SA) moieties 1355:1452 An automated method for enzymatic release and PROC labeling was applied for the first time to the erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) products, which facilitated novel, in-depth characterization, and allowed identification of precise structural features including the location of O-acetyl groups on sialic acid (SA) moieties. 28509534 6 22 theme structural 1363:1372 arg1 location 1397:1404 the location 1393:1404 the location of O-acetyl groups on sialic acid (SA) moieties 1393:1452 An automated method for enzymatic release and PROC labeling was applied for the first time to the erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) products, which facilitated novel, in-depth characterization, and allowed identification of precise structural features including the location of O-acetyl groups on sialic acid (SA) moieties. 28509534 4 23 dep biotherapeutic 542:555 arg1 depend 557:562 depend 557:562 depend 557:562 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 7 24 theme groups 1550:1555 arg1 presence 1529:1536 the presence 1525:1536 the presence of O-acetyl groups 1525:1555 Samples were digested by a sialate-O-acetylesterase (NanS) to confirm the presence of O-acetyl groups. 28509534 10 25 contain have 2007:2010 arg2 efficacy 2088:2095 its efficacy 2084:2095 its efficacy 2084:2095 Such differences in SA derivatization, particularly O-acetylation, could have consequences for the quality and safety of a biotherapeutic, as well as its efficacy. 28509534 10 25 contain have 2007:2010 arg1 differences 1939:1949 Such differences 1934:1949 Such differences in SA derivatization 1934:1970 Such differences in SA derivatization, particularly O-acetylation, could have consequences for the quality and safety of a biotherapeutic, as well as its efficacy. 28509534 10 25 contain have 2007:2010 arg1 O-acetylation 1986:1998 O-acetylation 1986:1998 O-acetylation 1986:1998 Such differences in SA derivatization, particularly O-acetylation, could have consequences for the quality and safety of a biotherapeutic, as well as its efficacy. 28509534 10 25 contain have 2007:2010 arg2 consequences 2012:2023 consequences 2012:2023 consequences for the quality and safety of a biotherapeutic 2012:2070 Such differences in SA derivatization, particularly O-acetylation, could have consequences for the quality and safety of a biotherapeutic, as well as its efficacy. 28509534 4 26 theme N-acetyl-lactosamine 701:720 arg1 extensions 731:740 N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions 701:740 N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions 701:740 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 27 from efficacy 525:532 arg1 sialylation 632:642 sialylation 632:642 sialylation 632:642 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 27 from efficacy 525:532 arg1 pattern 761:767 O-acetylation pattern 747:767 O-acetylation pattern 747:767 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 27 from efficacy 525:532 arg1 content 681:687 N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content 645:687 N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content 645:687 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 27 from efficacy 525:532 arg1 attributes 612:621 glycosylation critical quality attributes 581:621 the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern 567:767 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 27 from efficacy 525:532 arg1 branching 690:698 branching 690:698 branching 690:698 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 27 from efficacy 525:532 arg1 GCQAs 624:628 GCQAs 624:628 GCQAs 624:628 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 5 28 theme N-glycans 1084:1092 arg1 HILIC-UHPLC-MS 1037:1050 HILIC-UHPLC-MS 1037:1050 HILIC-UHPLC-MS 1037:1050 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis of acid-released, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in combination with mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans were the analytical tools used. 28509534 5 28 theme N-glycans 1084:1092 arg1 spectrometry 1023:1034 mass spectrometry 1018:1034 mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans 1018:1092 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis of acid-released, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in combination with mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans were the analytical tools used. 28509534 5 29 theme liquid 968:973 arg1 HILIC 991:995 HILIC 991:995 HILIC 991:995 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis of acid-released, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in combination with mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans were the analytical tools used. 28509534 5 29 theme liquid 968:973 arg1 chromatography 975:988 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 944:988 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) 944:996 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis of acid-released, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in combination with mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans were the analytical tools used. 28509534 9 30 theme LacNAc 1789:1794 arg1 patterns 1806:1813 The sialylation and LacNAc extension patterns 1769:1813 patterns 1806:1813 The sialylation and LacNAc extension patterns of the three ESAs were similar, with a maximum of four N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) moieties detected per glycan. 28509534 4 31 theme LacNAc 723:728 arg1 extensions 731:740 N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions 701:740 N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions 701:740 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 0 32 theme Critical 96:103 arg1 Content 147:153 Sialic Acid Content 135:153 Sialic Acid Content 135:153 Analysis of Three Epoetin Alpha Products by LC and LC-MS Indicates Differences in Glycosylation Critical Quality Attributes, Including Sialic Acid Content. 28509534 0 32 theme Critical 96:103 arg1 Attributes 113:122 Glycosylation Critical Quality Attributes 82:122 Glycosylation Critical Quality Attributes 82:122 Analysis of Three Epoetin Alpha Products by LC and LC-MS Indicates Differences in Glycosylation Critical Quality Attributes, Including Sialic Acid Content. 28509534 0 33 theme Products 32:39 arg1 Analysis 0:7 Analysis 0:7 Analysis of Three Epoetin Alpha Products by LC and LC-MS 0:55 Analysis of Three Epoetin Alpha Products by LC and LC-MS Indicates Differences in Glycosylation Critical Quality Attributes, Including Sialic Acid Content. 28509534 6 34 theme acid 1435:1438 arg1 moieties 1445:1452 sialic acid (SA) moieties 1428:1452 sialic acid (SA) moieties 1428:1452 An automated method for enzymatic release and PROC labeling was applied for the first time to the erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) products, which facilitated novel, in-depth characterization, and allowed identification of precise structural features including the location of O-acetyl groups on sialic acid (SA) moieties. 28509534 5 35 theme derivatives 928:938 arg1 analysis 837:844 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis 770:844 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis of acid-released, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in combination with mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans 770:1092 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis of acid-released, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in combination with mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans were the analytical tools used. 28509534 5 35 theme derivatives 928:938 arg1 tools 1114:1118 the analytical tools 1099:1118 the analytical tools used 1099:1123 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis of acid-released, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in combination with mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans were the analytical tools used. 28509534 2 36 theme originator 387:396 arg1 product 398:404 the originator product 383:404 the originator product 383:404 In this study, biosimilars Binocrit and a development product, called here CIGB-EPO, were compared to the originator product, Eprex. 28509534 2 36 theme originator 387:396 arg1 Eprex 407:411 Eprex 407:411 Eprex 407:411 In this study, biosimilars Binocrit and a development product, called here CIGB-EPO, were compared to the originator product, Eprex. 28509534 5 37 theme Reverse-phase 770:782 arg1 chromatography 811:824 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography 770:824 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis of acid-released, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in combination with mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans 770:1092 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis of acid-released, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in combination with mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans were the analytical tools used. 28509534 5 37 theme Reverse-phase 770:782 arg1 RP-UHPLC 827:834 RP-UHPLC 827:834 RP-UHPLC 827:834 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis of acid-released, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in combination with mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans were the analytical tools used. 28509534 5 38 theme hydrophilic 944:954 arg1 HILIC 991:995 HILIC 991:995 HILIC 991:995 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis of acid-released, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in combination with mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans were the analytical tools used. 28509534 5 38 theme hydrophilic 944:954 arg1 chromatography 975:988 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 944:988 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) 944:996 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis of acid-released, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in combination with mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans were the analytical tools used. 28509534 9 39 theme ESAs 1828:1831 arg1 patterns 1806:1813 The sialylation and LacNAc extension patterns 1769:1813 patterns 1806:1813 The sialylation and LacNAc extension patterns of the three ESAs were similar, with a maximum of four N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) moieties detected per glycan. 28509534 9 39 theme ESAs 1828:1831 arg1 similar 1838:1844 similar 1838:1844 similar 1838:1844 The sialylation and LacNAc extension patterns of the three ESAs were similar, with a maximum of four N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) moieties detected per glycan. 28509534 9 39 theme ESAs 1828:1831 arg1 sialylation 1773:1783 The sialylation and LacNAc extension patterns 1769:1813 sialylation 1773:1783 The sialylation and LacNAc extension patterns of the three ESAs were similar, with a maximum of four N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) moieties detected per glycan. 28509534 0 40 theme Alpha 26:30 arg1 Products 32:39 Three Epoetin Alpha Products 12:39 Three Epoetin Alpha Products 12:39 Analysis of Three Epoetin Alpha Products by LC and LC-MS Indicates Differences in Glycosylation Critical Quality Attributes, Including Sialic Acid Content. 28509534 1 41 theme life 275:278 arg1 quality 264:270 their quality 258:270 their quality of life 258:278 Erythropoietin (EPO) is one of the main therapeutics used to treat anemic patients, greatly improving their quality of life. 28509534 6 42 theme O-acetyl 1409:1416 arg1 groups 1418:1423 O-acetyl groups 1409:1423 O-acetyl groups on sialic acid (SA) moieties 1409:1452 An automated method for enzymatic release and PROC labeling was applied for the first time to the erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) products, which facilitated novel, in-depth characterization, and allowed identification of precise structural features including the location of O-acetyl groups on sialic acid (SA) moieties. 28509534 5 43 theme mass 1018:1021 arg1 HILIC-UHPLC-MS 1037:1050 HILIC-UHPLC-MS 1037:1050 HILIC-UHPLC-MS 1037:1050 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis of acid-released, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in combination with mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans were the analytical tools used. 28509534 5 43 theme mass 1018:1021 arg1 spectrometry 1023:1034 mass spectrometry 1018:1034 mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans 1018:1092 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis of acid-released, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in combination with mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans were the analytical tools used. 28509534 3 44 theme alpha 436:440 arg1 products 442:449 epoetin alpha products 428:449 epoetin alpha products 428:449 All three are epoetin alpha products, reputed to have similar glycosylation profiles. 28509534 3 44 theme alpha 436:440 arg1 three 418:422 three 418:422 three 418:422 All three are epoetin alpha products, reputed to have similar glycosylation profiles. 28509534 8 45 theme O-acetylated 1627:1638 arg1 derivatives 1640:1650 O-acetylated derivatives 1627:1650 O-acetylated derivatives 1627:1650 It was found that Eprex contained the greatest relative abundance of O-acetylated derivatives, Binocrit expressed the least Neu5Gc, and CIGB-EPO showed the greatest variety of high-mannose-phosphate structures. 28509534 1 46 theme therapeutics 196:207 arg1 therapeutics 196:207 the main therapeutics 187:207 the main therapeutics used to treat anemic patients 187:237 Erythropoietin (EPO) is one of the main therapeutics used to treat anemic patients, greatly improving their quality of life. 28509534 1 46 theme therapeutics 196:207 arg1 one 180:182 one 180:182 one 180:182 Erythropoietin (EPO) is one of the main therapeutics used to treat anemic patients, greatly improving their quality of life. 28509534 6 47 from moieties 1445:1452 arg1 location 1397:1404 the location 1393:1404 the location of O-acetyl groups on sialic acid (SA) moieties 1393:1452 An automated method for enzymatic release and PROC labeling was applied for the first time to the erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) products, which facilitated novel, in-depth characterization, and allowed identification of precise structural features including the location of O-acetyl groups on sialic acid (SA) moieties. 28509534 1 48 theme anemic 223:228 arg1 patients 230:237 anemic patients 223:237 anemic patients 223:237 Erythropoietin (EPO) is one of the main therapeutics used to treat anemic patients, greatly improving their quality of life. 28509534 9 49 theme acid 1890:1893 arg1 moieties 1904:1911 four N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) moieties 1865:1911 four N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) moieties detected per glycan 1865:1931 The sialylation and LacNAc extension patterns of the three ESAs were similar, with a maximum of four N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) moieties detected per glycan. 28509534 8 50 theme greatest 1596:1603 arg1 abundance 1614:1622 the greatest relative abundance 1592:1622 the greatest relative abundance of O-acetylated derivatives 1592:1650 It was found that Eprex contained the greatest relative abundance of O-acetylated derivatives, Binocrit expressed the least Neu5Gc, and CIGB-EPO showed the greatest variety of high-mannose-phosphate structures. 28509534 9 51 with similar 1838:1844 arg1 maximum 1854:1860 a maximum 1852:1860 a maximum of four N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) moieties detected per glycan 1852:1931 The sialylation and LacNAc extension patterns of the three ESAs were similar, with a maximum of four N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) moieties detected per glycan. 28509534 8 52 theme least 1676:1680 arg1 Neu5Gc 1682:1687 the least Neu5Gc 1672:1687 the least Neu5Gc 1672:1687 It was found that Eprex contained the greatest relative abundance of O-acetylated derivatives, Binocrit expressed the least Neu5Gc, and CIGB-EPO showed the greatest variety of high-mannose-phosphate structures. 28509534 6 53 theme PROC 1172:1175 arg1 labeling 1177:1184 PROC labeling 1172:1184 PROC labeling 1172:1184 An automated method for enzymatic release and PROC labeling was applied for the first time to the erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) products, which facilitated novel, in-depth characterization, and allowed identification of precise structural features including the location of O-acetyl groups on sialic acid (SA) moieties. 28509534 3 54 theme similar 468:474 arg1 profiles 490:497 similar glycosylation profiles 468:497 similar glycosylation profiles 468:497 All three are epoetin alpha products, reputed to have similar glycosylation profiles. 28509534 9 55 theme moieties 1904:1911 arg1 maximum 1854:1860 a maximum 1852:1860 a maximum of four N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) moieties detected per glycan 1852:1931 The sialylation and LacNAc extension patterns of the three ESAs were similar, with a maximum of four N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) moieties detected per glycan. 28509534 4 56 theme quality 604:610 arg1 sialylation 632:642 sialylation 632:642 sialylation 632:642 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 56 theme quality 604:610 arg1 pattern 761:767 O-acetylation pattern 747:767 O-acetylation pattern 747:767 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 56 theme quality 604:610 arg1 content 681:687 N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content 645:687 N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content 645:687 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 56 theme quality 604:610 arg1 attributes 612:621 glycosylation critical quality attributes 581:621 the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern 567:767 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 56 theme quality 604:610 arg1 branching 690:698 branching 690:698 branching 690:698 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 56 theme quality 604:610 arg1 GCQAs 624:628 GCQAs 624:628 GCQAs 624:628 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 6 57 theme stimulating 1239:1249 arg1 agent 1251:1255 the erythropoiesis stimulating agent 1220:1255 the erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) products 1220:1270 An automated method for enzymatic release and PROC labeling was applied for the first time to the erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) products, which facilitated novel, in-depth characterization, and allowed identification of precise structural features including the location of O-acetyl groups on sialic acid (SA) moieties. 28509534 6 57 theme stimulating 1239:1249 arg1 ESA 1258:1260 ESA 1258:1260 ESA 1258:1260 An automated method for enzymatic release and PROC labeling was applied for the first time to the erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) products, which facilitated novel, in-depth characterization, and allowed identification of precise structural features including the location of O-acetyl groups on sialic acid (SA) moieties. 28509534 10 58 from differences 1939:1949 arg1 derivatization 1957:1970 SA derivatization 1954:1970 SA derivatization 1954:1970 Such differences in SA derivatization, particularly O-acetylation, could have consequences for the quality and safety of a biotherapeutic, as well as its efficacy. 28509534 10 59 theme SA 1954:1955 arg1 derivatization 1957:1970 SA derivatization 1954:1970 SA derivatization 1954:1970 Such differences in SA derivatization, particularly O-acetylation, could have consequences for the quality and safety of a biotherapeutic, as well as its efficacy. 28509534 5 60 theme ultra-high-pressure 784:802 arg1 chromatography 811:824 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography 770:824 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis of acid-released, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in combination with mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans 770:1092 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis of acid-released, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in combination with mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans were the analytical tools used. 28509534 5 60 theme ultra-high-pressure 784:802 arg1 RP-UHPLC 827:834 RP-UHPLC 827:834 RP-UHPLC 827:834 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis of acid-released, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in combination with mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans were the analytical tools used. 28509534 0 61 from Differences 67:77 arg1 Content 147:153 Sialic Acid Content 135:153 Sialic Acid Content 135:153 Analysis of Three Epoetin Alpha Products by LC and LC-MS Indicates Differences in Glycosylation Critical Quality Attributes, Including Sialic Acid Content. 28509534 0 61 from Differences 67:77 arg1 Attributes 113:122 Glycosylation Critical Quality Attributes 82:122 Glycosylation Critical Quality Attributes 82:122 Analysis of Three Epoetin Alpha Products by LC and LC-MS Indicates Differences in Glycosylation Critical Quality Attributes, Including Sialic Acid Content. 28509534 6 62 theme automated 1129:1137 arg1 method 1139:1144 An automated method 1126:1144 An automated method for enzymatic release and PROC labeling 1126:1184 An automated method for enzymatic release and PROC labeling was applied for the first time to the erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) products, which facilitated novel, in-depth characterization, and allowed identification of precise structural features including the location of O-acetyl groups on sialic acid (SA) moieties. 28509534 0 63 theme Sialic 135:140 arg1 Content 147:153 Sialic Acid Content 135:153 Sialic Acid Content 135:153 Analysis of Three Epoetin Alpha Products by LC and LC-MS Indicates Differences in Glycosylation Critical Quality Attributes, Including Sialic Acid Content. 28509534 5 64 theme chromatography 811:824 arg1 analysis 837:844 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis 770:844 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis of acid-released, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in combination with mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans 770:1092 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis of acid-released, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in combination with mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans were the analytical tools used. 28509534 5 64 theme chromatography 811:824 arg1 tools 1114:1118 the analytical tools 1099:1118 the analytical tools used 1099:1123 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis of acid-released, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in combination with mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans were the analytical tools used. 28509534 4 65 theme glycosylation 581:593 arg1 sialylation 632:642 sialylation 632:642 sialylation 632:642 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 65 theme glycosylation 581:593 arg1 pattern 761:767 O-acetylation pattern 747:767 O-acetylation pattern 747:767 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 65 theme glycosylation 581:593 arg1 content 681:687 N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content 645:687 N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content 645:687 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 65 theme glycosylation 581:593 arg1 attributes 612:621 glycosylation critical quality attributes 581:621 the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern 567:767 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 65 theme glycosylation 581:593 arg1 branching 690:698 branching 690:698 branching 690:698 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 65 theme glycosylation 581:593 arg1 GCQAs 624:628 GCQAs 624:628 GCQAs 624:628 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 6 66 theme precise 1355:1361 arg1 features 1374:1381 precise structural features 1355:1381 precise structural features including the location of O-acetyl groups on sialic acid (SA) moieties 1355:1452 An automated method for enzymatic release and PROC labeling was applied for the first time to the erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) products, which facilitated novel, in-depth characterization, and allowed identification of precise structural features including the location of O-acetyl groups on sialic acid (SA) moieties. 28509534 6 66 theme precise 1355:1361 arg1 location 1397:1404 the location 1393:1404 the location of O-acetyl groups on sialic acid (SA) moieties 1393:1452 An automated method for enzymatic release and PROC labeling was applied for the first time to the erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) products, which facilitated novel, in-depth characterization, and allowed identification of precise structural features including the location of O-acetyl groups on sialic acid (SA) moieties. 28509534 5 67 theme labeled 1076:1082 arg1 N-glycans 1084:1092 procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans 1056:1092 procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans 1056:1092 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis of acid-released, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in combination with mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans were the analytical tools used. 28509534 8 68 theme high-mannose-phosphate 1734:1755 arg1 structures 1757:1766 high-mannose-phosphate structures 1734:1766 high-mannose-phosphate structures 1734:1766 It was found that Eprex contained the greatest relative abundance of O-acetylated derivatives, Binocrit expressed the least Neu5Gc, and CIGB-EPO showed the greatest variety of high-mannose-phosphate structures. 28509534 6 69 theme first 1206:1210 arg1 time 1212:1215 the first time 1202:1215 the first time to the erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) products, which facilitated novel, in-depth characterization, and allowed identification of precise structural features including the location of O-acetyl groups on sialic acid (SA) moieties 1202:1452 An automated method for enzymatic release and PROC labeling was applied for the first time to the erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) products, which facilitated novel, in-depth characterization, and allowed identification of precise structural features including the location of O-acetyl groups on sialic acid (SA) moieties. 28509534 4 70 theme N-glycolyl-neuraminic 645:665 arg1 acid 667:670 N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid 645:670 N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content 645:687 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 70 theme N-glycolyl-neuraminic 645:665 arg1 Neu5Gc 673:678 Neu5Gc 673:678 Neu5Gc 673:678 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 6 71 from location 1397:1404 arg1 moieties 1445:1452 sialic acid (SA) moieties 1428:1452 sialic acid (SA) moieties 1428:1452 An automated method for enzymatic release and PROC labeling was applied for the first time to the erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) products, which facilitated novel, in-depth characterization, and allowed identification of precise structural features including the location of O-acetyl groups on sialic acid (SA) moieties. 28509534 5 72 theme labeled 908:914 arg1 derivatives 928:938 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives 864:938 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives 864:938 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis of acid-released, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in combination with mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans were the analytical tools used. 28509534 5 73 theme procainamide 1056:1067 arg1 N-glycans 1084:1092 procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans 1056:1092 procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans 1056:1092 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis of acid-released, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in combination with mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans were the analytical tools used. 28509534 9 74 gly sialylation 1773:1783 arg1 ESAs 1828:1831 the three ESAs 1818:1831 the three ESAs 1818:1831 The sialylation and LacNAc extension patterns of the three ESAs were similar, with a maximum of four N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) moieties detected per glycan. 28509534 5 75 theme acid-released 849:861 arg1 derivatives 928:938 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives 864:938 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives 864:938 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis of acid-released, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in combination with mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans were the analytical tools used. 28509534 4 76 from quality 504:510 arg1 sialylation 632:642 sialylation 632:642 sialylation 632:642 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 76 from quality 504:510 arg1 pattern 761:767 O-acetylation pattern 747:767 O-acetylation pattern 747:767 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 76 from quality 504:510 arg1 content 681:687 N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content 645:687 N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content 645:687 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 76 from quality 504:510 arg1 attributes 612:621 glycosylation critical quality attributes 581:621 the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern 567:767 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 76 from quality 504:510 arg1 branching 690:698 branching 690:698 branching 690:698 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 76 from quality 504:510 arg1 GCQAs 624:628 GCQAs 624:628 GCQAs 624:628 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 6 77 theme features 1374:1381 arg1 identification 1337:1350 identification 1337:1350 identification of precise structural features including the location of O-acetyl groups on sialic acid (SA) moieties 1337:1452 An automated method for enzymatic release and PROC labeling was applied for the first time to the erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) products, which facilitated novel, in-depth characterization, and allowed identification of precise structural features including the location of O-acetyl groups on sialic acid (SA) moieties. 28509534 5 78 theme 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene 864:900 arg1 derivatives 928:938 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives 864:938 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives 864:938 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis of acid-released, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in combination with mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans were the analytical tools used. 28509534 7 79 theme O-acetyl 1541:1548 arg1 groups 1550:1555 O-acetyl groups 1541:1555 O-acetyl groups 1541:1555 Samples were digested by a sialate-O-acetylesterase (NanS) to confirm the presence of O-acetyl groups. 28509534 10 80 dep quality 2033:2039 arg1 the 2029:2031 the 2029:2031 the 2029:2031 Such differences in SA derivatization, particularly O-acetylation, could have consequences for the quality and safety of a biotherapeutic, as well as its efficacy. 28509534 0 81 theme Glycosylation 82:94 arg1 Content 147:153 Sialic Acid Content 135:153 Sialic Acid Content 135:153 Analysis of Three Epoetin Alpha Products by LC and LC-MS Indicates Differences in Glycosylation Critical Quality Attributes, Including Sialic Acid Content. 28509534 0 81 theme Glycosylation 82:94 arg1 Attributes 113:122 Glycosylation Critical Quality Attributes 82:122 Glycosylation Critical Quality Attributes 82:122 Analysis of Three Epoetin Alpha Products by LC and LC-MS Indicates Differences in Glycosylation Critical Quality Attributes, Including Sialic Acid Content. 28509534 5 82 theme interaction 956:966 arg1 HILIC 991:995 HILIC 991:995 HILIC 991:995 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis of acid-released, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in combination with mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans were the analytical tools used. 28509534 5 82 theme interaction 956:966 arg1 chromatography 975:988 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 944:988 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) 944:996 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis of acid-released, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in combination with mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans were the analytical tools used. 28509534 0 83 theme Quality 105:111 arg1 Content 147:153 Sialic Acid Content 135:153 Sialic Acid Content 135:153 Analysis of Three Epoetin Alpha Products by LC and LC-MS Indicates Differences in Glycosylation Critical Quality Attributes, Including Sialic Acid Content. 28509534 0 83 theme Quality 105:111 arg1 Attributes 113:122 Glycosylation Critical Quality Attributes 82:122 Glycosylation Critical Quality Attributes 82:122 Analysis of Three Epoetin Alpha Products by LC and LC-MS Indicates Differences in Glycosylation Critical Quality Attributes, Including Sialic Acid Content. 28509534 5 84 theme chromatography 975:988 arg1 analysis 837:844 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis 770:844 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis of acid-released, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in combination with mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans 770:1092 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis of acid-released, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in combination with mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans were the analytical tools used. 28509534 5 84 theme chromatography 975:988 arg1 tools 1114:1118 the analytical tools 1099:1118 the analytical tools used 1099:1123 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis of acid-released, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in combination with mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans were the analytical tools used. 28509534 9 85 theme extension 1796:1804 arg1 patterns 1806:1813 The sialylation and LacNAc extension patterns 1769:1813 patterns 1806:1813 The sialylation and LacNAc extension patterns of the three ESAs were similar, with a maximum of four N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) moieties detected per glycan. 28509534 8 86 contain contained 1582:1590 arg2 abundance 1614:1622 the greatest relative abundance 1592:1622 the greatest relative abundance of O-acetylated derivatives 1592:1650 It was found that Eprex contained the greatest relative abundance of O-acetylated derivatives, Binocrit expressed the least Neu5Gc, and CIGB-EPO showed the greatest variety of high-mannose-phosphate structures. 28509534 8 86 contain contained 1582:1590 arg1 Eprex 1576:1580 Eprex 1576:1580 Eprex 1576:1580 It was found that Eprex contained the greatest relative abundance of O-acetylated derivatives, Binocrit expressed the least Neu5Gc, and CIGB-EPO showed the greatest variety of high-mannose-phosphate structures. 28509534 4 87 from safety 513:518 arg1 sialylation 632:642 sialylation 632:642 sialylation 632:642 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 87 from safety 513:518 arg1 pattern 761:767 O-acetylation pattern 747:767 O-acetylation pattern 747:767 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 87 from safety 513:518 arg1 content 681:687 N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content 645:687 N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content 645:687 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 87 from safety 513:518 arg1 attributes 612:621 glycosylation critical quality attributes 581:621 the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern 567:767 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 87 from safety 513:518 arg1 branching 690:698 branching 690:698 branching 690:698 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 87 from safety 513:518 arg1 GCQAs 624:628 GCQAs 624:628 GCQAs 624:628 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 5 88 theme analytical 1103:1112 arg1 analysis 837:844 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis 770:844 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis of acid-released, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in combination with mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans 770:1092 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis of acid-released, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in combination with mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans were the analytical tools used. 28509534 5 88 theme analytical 1103:1112 arg1 tools 1114:1118 the analytical tools 1099:1118 the analytical tools used 1099:1123 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis of acid-released, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in combination with mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans were the analytical tools used. 28509534 5 89 theme acid 923:926 arg1 derivatives 928:938 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives 864:938 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives 864:938 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis of acid-released, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in combination with mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans were the analytical tools used. 28509534 6 90 theme sialic 1428:1433 arg1 SA 1441:1442 SA 1441:1442 SA 1441:1442 An automated method for enzymatic release and PROC labeling was applied for the first time to the erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) products, which facilitated novel, in-depth characterization, and allowed identification of precise structural features including the location of O-acetyl groups on sialic acid (SA) moieties. 28509534 6 90 theme sialic 1428:1433 arg1 acid 1435:1438 sialic acid 1428:1438 sialic acid (SA) moieties 1428:1452 An automated method for enzymatic release and PROC labeling was applied for the first time to the erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) products, which facilitated novel, in-depth characterization, and allowed identification of precise structural features including the location of O-acetyl groups on sialic acid (SA) moieties. 28509534 6 91 theme groups 1418:1423 arg1 location 1397:1404 the location 1393:1404 the location of O-acetyl groups on sialic acid (SA) moieties 1393:1452 An automated method for enzymatic release and PROC labeling was applied for the first time to the erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) products, which facilitated novel, in-depth characterization, and allowed identification of precise structural features including the location of O-acetyl groups on sialic acid (SA) moieties. 28509534 4 92 theme O-acetylation 747:759 arg1 pattern 761:767 O-acetylation pattern 747:767 O-acetylation pattern 747:767 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 92 theme O-acetylation 747:759 arg1 attributes 612:621 glycosylation critical quality attributes 581:621 the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern 567:767 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 2 93 theme biosimilars 296:306 arg1 Binocrit 308:315 biosimilars Binocrit 296:315 biosimilars Binocrit 296:315 In this study, biosimilars Binocrit and a development product, called here CIGB-EPO, were compared to the originator product, Eprex. 28509534 8 94 theme derivatives 1640:1650 arg1 abundance 1614:1622 the greatest relative abundance 1592:1622 the greatest relative abundance of O-acetylated derivatives 1592:1650 It was found that Eprex contained the greatest relative abundance of O-acetylated derivatives, Binocrit expressed the least Neu5Gc, and CIGB-EPO showed the greatest variety of high-mannose-phosphate structures. 28509534 10 95 theme biotherapeutic 2057:2070 arg1 quality 2033:2039 quality 2033:2039 quality 2033:2039 Such differences in SA derivatization, particularly O-acetylation, could have consequences for the quality and safety of a biotherapeutic, as well as its efficacy. 28509534 10 95 theme biotherapeutic 2057:2070 arg1 safety 2045:2050 safety 2045:2050 safety 2045:2050 Such differences in SA derivatization, particularly O-acetylation, could have consequences for the quality and safety of a biotherapeutic, as well as its efficacy. 28509534 4 96 theme biotherapeutic 542:555 arg1 efficacy 525:532 efficacy 525:532 efficacy 525:532 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 96 theme biotherapeutic 542:555 arg1 quality 504:510 The quality 500:510 The quality 500:510 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 96 theme biotherapeutic 542:555 arg1 safety 513:518 safety 513:518 safety 513:518 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 3 97 theme epoetin 428:434 arg1 products 442:449 epoetin alpha products 428:449 epoetin alpha products 428:449 All three are epoetin alpha products, reputed to have similar glycosylation profiles. 28509534 3 97 theme epoetin 428:434 arg1 three 418:422 three 418:422 three 418:422 All three are epoetin alpha products, reputed to have similar glycosylation profiles. 28509534 4 98 dep attributes 612:621 arg1 sialylation 632:642 sialylation 632:642 sialylation 632:642 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 98 dep attributes 612:621 arg1 pattern 761:767 O-acetylation pattern 747:767 O-acetylation pattern 747:767 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 98 dep attributes 612:621 arg1 content 681:687 N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content 645:687 N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content 645:687 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 98 dep attributes 612:621 arg1 attributes 612:621 glycosylation critical quality attributes 581:621 the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern 567:767 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 98 dep attributes 612:621 arg1 branching 690:698 branching 690:698 branching 690:698 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 4 98 dep attributes 612:621 arg1 extensions 731:740 N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions 701:740 N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions 701:740 The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. 28509534 5 99 with combination 1001:1011 arg1 HILIC-UHPLC-MS 1037:1050 HILIC-UHPLC-MS 1037:1050 HILIC-UHPLC-MS 1037:1050 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis of acid-released, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in combination with mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans were the analytical tools used. 28509534 5 99 with combination 1001:1011 arg1 spectrometry 1023:1034 mass spectrometry 1018:1034 mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans 1018:1092 Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis of acid-released, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in combination with mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans were the analytical tools used. 28509534 2 100 theme development 323:333 arg1 product 335:341 a development product 321:341 a development product 321:341 In this study, biosimilars Binocrit and a development product, called here CIGB-EPO, were compared to the originator product, Eprex. 27752111 5 0 from intestinal 957:966 arg1 derivatives 932:942 The derivatives 928:942 The derivatives from porcine intestinal and bovine lung heparins 928:991 The derivatives from porcine intestinal and bovine lung heparins were structurally more similar with each other and hence presented close anticoagulant activities whereas the derivative from bovine intestinal heparin had a higher proportion of 6-desulfated α-glucosamine units and about half anticoagulant activity. 27752111 5 0 from intestinal 957:966 arg1 similar 1016:1022 similar 1016:1022 similar 1016:1022 The derivatives from porcine intestinal and bovine lung heparins were structurally more similar with each other and hence presented close anticoagulant activities whereas the derivative from bovine intestinal heparin had a higher proportion of 6-desulfated α-glucosamine units and about half anticoagulant activity. 27752111 2 1 theme heparins 563:570 arg1 batches 531:537 several batches 523:537 several batches of pharmaceutical grade heparins obtained from porcine intestine, bovine intestine and bovine lung 523:636 We performed herein a systematic analysis on the physicochemical properties, disaccharide composition, in vitro anticoagulant potency and in vivo antithrombotic and bleeding effects of several batches of pharmaceutical grade heparins obtained from porcine intestine, bovine intestine and bovine lung. 27752111 2 2 theme disaccharide 415:426 arg1 composition 428:438 disaccharide composition 415:438 disaccharide composition 415:438 We performed herein a systematic analysis on the physicochemical properties, disaccharide composition, in vitro anticoagulant potency and in vivo antithrombotic and bleeding effects of several batches of pharmaceutical grade heparins obtained from porcine intestine, bovine intestine and bovine lung. 27752111 5 3 theme higher 1151:1156 arg1 proportion 1158:1167 a higher proportion 1149:1167 a higher proportion of 6-desulfated α-glucosamine units 1149:1203 The derivatives from porcine intestinal and bovine lung heparins were structurally more similar with each other and hence presented close anticoagulant activities whereas the derivative from bovine intestinal heparin had a higher proportion of 6-desulfated α-glucosamine units and about half anticoagulant activity. 27752111 5 4 theme units 1199:1203 arg1 proportion 1158:1167 a higher proportion 1149:1167 a higher proportion of 6-desulfated α-glucosamine units 1149:1203 The derivatives from porcine intestinal and bovine lung heparins were structurally more similar with each other and hence presented close anticoagulant activities whereas the derivative from bovine intestinal heparin had a higher proportion of 6-desulfated α-glucosamine units and about half anticoagulant activity. 27752111 5 5 theme bovine 1119:1124 arg1 heparin 1137:1143 bovine intestinal heparin 1119:1143 bovine intestinal heparin 1119:1143 The derivatives from porcine intestinal and bovine lung heparins were structurally more similar with each other and hence presented close anticoagulant activities whereas the derivative from bovine intestinal heparin had a higher proportion of 6-desulfated α-glucosamine units and about half anticoagulant activity. 27752111 2 6 from analysis 371:378 arg1 potency 464:470 in vitro anticoagulant potency 441:470 in vitro anticoagulant potency 441:470 We performed herein a systematic analysis on the physicochemical properties, disaccharide composition, in vitro anticoagulant potency and in vivo antithrombotic and bleeding effects of several batches of pharmaceutical grade heparins obtained from porcine intestine, bovine intestine and bovine lung. 27752111 2 6 from analysis 371:378 arg1 properties 403:412 the physicochemical properties 383:412 the physicochemical properties 383:412 We performed herein a systematic analysis on the physicochemical properties, disaccharide composition, in vitro anticoagulant potency and in vivo antithrombotic and bleeding effects of several batches of pharmaceutical grade heparins obtained from porcine intestine, bovine intestine and bovine lung. 27752111 2 6 from analysis 371:378 arg1 effects 512:518 in vivo antithrombotic and bleeding effects 476:518 in vivo antithrombotic and bleeding effects 476:518 We performed herein a systematic analysis on the physicochemical properties, disaccharide composition, in vitro anticoagulant potency and in vivo antithrombotic and bleeding effects of several batches of pharmaceutical grade heparins obtained from porcine intestine, bovine intestine and bovine lung. 27752111 2 6 from analysis 371:378 arg1 composition 428:438 disaccharide composition 415:438 disaccharide composition 415:438 We performed herein a systematic analysis on the physicochemical properties, disaccharide composition, in vitro anticoagulant potency and in vivo antithrombotic and bleeding effects of several batches of pharmaceutical grade heparins obtained from porcine intestine, bovine intestine and bovine lung. 27752111 1 7 theme pharmacological 305:319 arg1 dissimilarities 321:335 their pharmacological dissimilarities 299:335 their pharmacological dissimilarities 299:335 Heparins extracted from different animal sources have been conventionally considered effective anticoagulant and antithrombotic agents despite of their pharmacological dissimilarities. 27752111 2 8 theme bovine 605:610 arg1 intestine 612:620 bovine intestine 605:620 bovine intestine 605:620 We performed herein a systematic analysis on the physicochemical properties, disaccharide composition, in vitro anticoagulant potency and in vivo antithrombotic and bleeding effects of several batches of pharmaceutical grade heparins obtained from porcine intestine, bovine intestine and bovine lung. 27752111 4 9 with derivatives 811:821 arg1 weight 864:869 similar molecular weight 846:869 similar molecular weight differing exclusively in their disaccharide composition 846:925 We also prepared derivatives of these heparins with similar molecular weight differing exclusively in their disaccharide composition. 27752111 5 10 theme intestinal 1126:1135 arg1 heparin 1137:1143 bovine intestinal heparin 1119:1143 bovine intestinal heparin 1119:1143 The derivatives from porcine intestinal and bovine lung heparins were structurally more similar with each other and hence presented close anticoagulant activities whereas the derivative from bovine intestinal heparin had a higher proportion of 6-desulfated α-glucosamine units and about half anticoagulant activity. 27752111 0 11 dep define 108:113 arg1 features 27:34 Structural and haemostatic features 0:34 Structural and haemostatic features of pharmaceutical heparins from different animal sources 0:91 Structural and haemostatic features of pharmaceutical heparins from different animal sources: challenges to define thresholds separating distinct drugs. 27752111 3 12 from differences 697:707 arg1 structures 727:736 their chemical structures 712:736 their chemical structures 712:736 Each of these three heparin types unambiguously presented differences in their chemical structures, physicochemical properties and/or haemostatic effects. 27752111 3 12 from differences 697:707 arg1 properties 755:764 physicochemical properties 739:764 physicochemical properties 739:764 Each of these three heparin types unambiguously presented differences in their chemical structures, physicochemical properties and/or haemostatic effects. 27752111 3 12 from differences 697:707 arg1 effects 785:791 haemostatic effects 773:791 haemostatic effects 773:791 Each of these three heparin types unambiguously presented differences in their chemical structures, physicochemical properties and/or haemostatic effects. 27752111 5 13 contain had 1145:1147 arg1 derivative 1103:1112 the derivative 1099:1112 the derivative from bovine intestinal heparin 1099:1143 The derivatives from porcine intestinal and bovine lung heparins were structurally more similar with each other and hence presented close anticoagulant activities whereas the derivative from bovine intestinal heparin had a higher proportion of 6-desulfated α-glucosamine units and about half anticoagulant activity. 27752111 5 13 contain had 1145:1147 arg2 proportion 1158:1167 a higher proportion 1149:1167 a higher proportion of 6-desulfated α-glucosamine units 1149:1203 The derivatives from porcine intestinal and bovine lung heparins were structurally more similar with each other and hence presented close anticoagulant activities whereas the derivative from bovine intestinal heparin had a higher proportion of 6-desulfated α-glucosamine units and about half anticoagulant activity. 27752111 5 14 theme lung 979:982 arg1 heparins 984:991 porcine intestinal and bovine lung heparins 949:991 heparins 984:991 The derivatives from porcine intestinal and bovine lung heparins were structurally more similar with each other and hence presented close anticoagulant activities whereas the derivative from bovine intestinal heparin had a higher proportion of 6-desulfated α-glucosamine units and about half anticoagulant activity. 27752111 2 15 dep in 441:442 arg1 vitro 444:448 vitro 444:448 vitro 444:448 We performed herein a systematic analysis on the physicochemical properties, disaccharide composition, in vitro anticoagulant potency and in vivo antithrombotic and bleeding effects of several batches of pharmaceutical grade heparins obtained from porcine intestine, bovine intestine and bovine lung. 27752111 5 16 theme anticoagulant 1066:1078 arg1 activities 1080:1089 close anticoagulant activities 1060:1089 close anticoagulant activities 1060:1089 The derivatives from porcine intestinal and bovine lung heparins were structurally more similar with each other and hence presented close anticoagulant activities whereas the derivative from bovine intestinal heparin had a higher proportion of 6-desulfated α-glucosamine units and about half anticoagulant activity. 27752111 1 17 theme animal 187:192 arg1 sources 194:200 different animal sources 177:200 different animal sources 177:200 Heparins extracted from different animal sources have been conventionally considered effective anticoagulant and antithrombotic agents despite of their pharmacological dissimilarities. 27752111 2 18 theme batches 531:537 arg1 properties 403:412 the physicochemical properties 383:412 the physicochemical properties 383:412 We performed herein a systematic analysis on the physicochemical properties, disaccharide composition, in vitro anticoagulant potency and in vivo antithrombotic and bleeding effects of several batches of pharmaceutical grade heparins obtained from porcine intestine, bovine intestine and bovine lung. 27752111 2 18 theme batches 531:537 arg1 composition 428:438 disaccharide composition 415:438 disaccharide composition 415:438 We performed herein a systematic analysis on the physicochemical properties, disaccharide composition, in vitro anticoagulant potency and in vivo antithrombotic and bleeding effects of several batches of pharmaceutical grade heparins obtained from porcine intestine, bovine intestine and bovine lung. 27752111 2 18 theme batches 531:537 arg1 effects 512:518 in vivo antithrombotic and bleeding effects 476:518 in vivo antithrombotic and bleeding effects 476:518 We performed herein a systematic analysis on the physicochemical properties, disaccharide composition, in vitro anticoagulant potency and in vivo antithrombotic and bleeding effects of several batches of pharmaceutical grade heparins obtained from porcine intestine, bovine intestine and bovine lung. 27752111 2 18 theme batches 531:537 arg1 potency 464:470 in vitro anticoagulant potency 441:470 in vitro anticoagulant potency 441:470 We performed herein a systematic analysis on the physicochemical properties, disaccharide composition, in vitro anticoagulant potency and in vivo antithrombotic and bleeding effects of several batches of pharmaceutical grade heparins obtained from porcine intestine, bovine intestine and bovine lung. 27752111 0 19 theme pharmaceutical 39:52 arg1 heparins 54:61 pharmaceutical heparins 39:61 pharmaceutical heparins from different animal sources 39:91 Structural and haemostatic features of pharmaceutical heparins from different animal sources: challenges to define thresholds separating distinct drugs. 27752111 2 20 theme several 523:529 arg1 batches 531:537 several batches 523:537 several batches of pharmaceutical grade heparins obtained from porcine intestine, bovine intestine and bovine lung 523:636 We performed herein a systematic analysis on the physicochemical properties, disaccharide composition, in vitro anticoagulant potency and in vivo antithrombotic and bleeding effects of several batches of pharmaceutical grade heparins obtained from porcine intestine, bovine intestine and bovine lung. 27752111 6 21 theme distinct 1362:1369 arg1 drugs 1371:1375 distinct drugs 1362:1375 distinct drugs 1362:1375 Our findings reasonably indicate that pharmaceutical preparations of heparin from different animal sources constitute distinct drugs, thus requiring specific regulatory rules and therapeutic evaluations. 27752111 0 22 theme animal 78:83 arg1 sources 85:91 different animal sources 68:91 different animal sources 68:91 Structural and haemostatic features of pharmaceutical heparins from different animal sources: challenges to define thresholds separating distinct drugs. 27752111 4 23 theme molecular 854:862 arg1 weight 864:869 similar molecular weight 846:869 similar molecular weight differing exclusively in their disaccharide composition 846:925 We also prepared derivatives of these heparins with similar molecular weight differing exclusively in their disaccharide composition. 27752111 2 24 theme anticoagulant 450:462 arg1 potency 464:470 in vitro anticoagulant potency 441:470 in vitro anticoagulant potency 441:470 We performed herein a systematic analysis on the physicochemical properties, disaccharide composition, in vitro anticoagulant potency and in vivo antithrombotic and bleeding effects of several batches of pharmaceutical grade heparins obtained from porcine intestine, bovine intestine and bovine lung. 27752111 0 25 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 features 27:34 Structural and haemostatic features 0:34 Structural and haemostatic features of pharmaceutical heparins from different animal sources 0:91 Structural and haemostatic features of pharmaceutical heparins from different animal sources: challenges to define thresholds separating distinct drugs. 27752111 3 26 theme haemostatic 773:783 arg1 effects 785:791 haemostatic effects 773:791 haemostatic effects 773:791 Each of these three heparin types unambiguously presented differences in their chemical structures, physicochemical properties and/or haemostatic effects. 27752111 4 27 theme similar 846:852 arg1 weight 864:869 similar molecular weight 846:869 similar molecular weight differing exclusively in their disaccharide composition 846:925 We also prepared derivatives of these heparins with similar molecular weight differing exclusively in their disaccharide composition. 27752111 6 28 from sources 1343:1349 arg1 preparations 1297:1308 pharmaceutical preparations 1282:1308 pharmaceutical preparations of heparin from different animal sources 1282:1349 Our findings reasonably indicate that pharmaceutical preparations of heparin from different animal sources constitute distinct drugs, thus requiring specific regulatory rules and therapeutic evaluations. 27752111 0 29 theme distinct 137:144 arg1 drugs 146:150 distinct drugs 137:150 distinct drugs 137:150 Structural and haemostatic features of pharmaceutical heparins from different animal sources: challenges to define thresholds separating distinct drugs. 27752111 6 30 theme animal 1336:1341 arg1 sources 1343:1349 different animal sources 1326:1349 different animal sources 1326:1349 Our findings reasonably indicate that pharmaceutical preparations of heparin from different animal sources constitute distinct drugs, thus requiring specific regulatory rules and therapeutic evaluations. 27752111 2 31 theme systematic 360:369 arg1 analysis 371:378 a systematic analysis 358:378 a systematic analysis on the physicochemical properties, disaccharide composition, in vitro anticoagulant potency and in vivo antithrombotic and bleeding effects of several batches of pharmaceutical grade heparins obtained from porcine intestine, bovine intestine and bovine lung 358:636 We performed herein a systematic analysis on the physicochemical properties, disaccharide composition, in vitro anticoagulant potency and in vivo antithrombotic and bleeding effects of several batches of pharmaceutical grade heparins obtained from porcine intestine, bovine intestine and bovine lung. 27752111 5 32 theme bovine 972:977 arg1 heparins 984:991 porcine intestinal and bovine lung heparins 949:991 heparins 984:991 The derivatives from porcine intestinal and bovine lung heparins were structurally more similar with each other and hence presented close anticoagulant activities whereas the derivative from bovine intestinal heparin had a higher proportion of 6-desulfated α-glucosamine units and about half anticoagulant activity. 27752111 0 33 theme haemostatic 15:25 arg1 features 27:34 Structural and haemostatic features 0:34 Structural and haemostatic features of pharmaceutical heparins from different animal sources 0:91 Structural and haemostatic features of pharmaceutical heparins from different animal sources: challenges to define thresholds separating distinct drugs. 27752111 4 34 theme disaccharide 902:913 arg1 composition 915:925 their disaccharide composition 896:925 their disaccharide composition 896:925 We also prepared derivatives of these heparins with similar molecular weight differing exclusively in their disaccharide composition. 27752111 3 35 theme physicochemical 739:753 arg1 properties 755:764 physicochemical properties 739:764 physicochemical properties 739:764 Each of these three heparin types unambiguously presented differences in their chemical structures, physicochemical properties and/or haemostatic effects. 27752111 1 36 theme different 177:185 arg1 sources 194:200 different animal sources 177:200 different animal sources 177:200 Heparins extracted from different animal sources have been conventionally considered effective anticoagulant and antithrombotic agents despite of their pharmacological dissimilarities. 27752111 2 37 theme antithrombotic 484:497 arg1 effects 512:518 in vivo antithrombotic and bleeding effects 476:518 in vivo antithrombotic and bleeding effects 476:518 We performed herein a systematic analysis on the physicochemical properties, disaccharide composition, in vitro anticoagulant potency and in vivo antithrombotic and bleeding effects of several batches of pharmaceutical grade heparins obtained from porcine intestine, bovine intestine and bovine lung. 27752111 2 38 theme grade 557:561 arg1 heparins 563:570 pharmaceutical grade heparins 542:570 pharmaceutical grade heparins obtained from porcine intestine, bovine intestine and bovine lung 542:636 We performed herein a systematic analysis on the physicochemical properties, disaccharide composition, in vitro anticoagulant potency and in vivo antithrombotic and bleeding effects of several batches of pharmaceutical grade heparins obtained from porcine intestine, bovine intestine and bovine lung. 27752111 2 39 theme bovine 626:631 arg1 lung 633:636 bovine lung 626:636 bovine lung 626:636 We performed herein a systematic analysis on the physicochemical properties, disaccharide composition, in vitro anticoagulant potency and in vivo antithrombotic and bleeding effects of several batches of pharmaceutical grade heparins obtained from porcine intestine, bovine intestine and bovine lung. 27752111 0 40 from sources 85:91 arg1 features 27:34 Structural and haemostatic features 0:34 Structural and haemostatic features of pharmaceutical heparins from different animal sources 0:91 Structural and haemostatic features of pharmaceutical heparins from different animal sources: challenges to define thresholds separating distinct drugs. 27752111 0 40 from sources 85:91 arg1 heparins 54:61 pharmaceutical heparins 39:61 pharmaceutical heparins from different animal sources 39:91 Structural and haemostatic features of pharmaceutical heparins from different animal sources: challenges to define thresholds separating distinct drugs. 27752111 5 41 theme 6-desulfated 1172:1183 arg1 units 1199:1203 6-desulfated α-glucosamine units 1172:1203 6-desulfated α-glucosamine units 1172:1203 The derivatives from porcine intestinal and bovine lung heparins were structurally more similar with each other and hence presented close anticoagulant activities whereas the derivative from bovine intestinal heparin had a higher proportion of 6-desulfated α-glucosamine units and about half anticoagulant activity. 27752111 1 42 theme effective 238:246 arg1 agents 281:286 effective anticoagulant and antithrombotic agents 238:286 effective anticoagulant and antithrombotic agents 238:286 Heparins extracted from different animal sources have been conventionally considered effective anticoagulant and antithrombotic agents despite of their pharmacological dissimilarities. 27752111 2 43 theme pharmaceutical 542:555 arg1 heparins 563:570 pharmaceutical grade heparins 542:570 pharmaceutical grade heparins obtained from porcine intestine, bovine intestine and bovine lung 542:636 We performed herein a systematic analysis on the physicochemical properties, disaccharide composition, in vitro anticoagulant potency and in vivo antithrombotic and bleeding effects of several batches of pharmaceutical grade heparins obtained from porcine intestine, bovine intestine and bovine lung. 27752111 2 44 dep in 476:477 arg1 vivo 479:482 vivo 479:482 vivo 479:482 We performed herein a systematic analysis on the physicochemical properties, disaccharide composition, in vitro anticoagulant potency and in vivo antithrombotic and bleeding effects of several batches of pharmaceutical grade heparins obtained from porcine intestine, bovine intestine and bovine lung. 27752111 5 45 from heparins 984:991 arg1 derivatives 932:942 The derivatives 928:942 The derivatives from porcine intestinal and bovine lung heparins 928:991 The derivatives from porcine intestinal and bovine lung heparins were structurally more similar with each other and hence presented close anticoagulant activities whereas the derivative from bovine intestinal heparin had a higher proportion of 6-desulfated α-glucosamine units and about half anticoagulant activity. 27752111 5 45 from heparins 984:991 arg1 similar 1016:1022 similar 1016:1022 similar 1016:1022 The derivatives from porcine intestinal and bovine lung heparins were structurally more similar with each other and hence presented close anticoagulant activities whereas the derivative from bovine intestinal heparin had a higher proportion of 6-desulfated α-glucosamine units and about half anticoagulant activity. 27752111 1 46 theme anticoagulant 248:260 arg1 agents 281:286 effective anticoagulant and antithrombotic agents 238:286 effective anticoagulant and antithrombotic agents 238:286 Heparins extracted from different animal sources have been conventionally considered effective anticoagulant and antithrombotic agents despite of their pharmacological dissimilarities. 27752111 5 47 with similar 1016:1022 arg1 other 1034:1038 other 1034:1038 other 1034:1038 The derivatives from porcine intestinal and bovine lung heparins were structurally more similar with each other and hence presented close anticoagulant activities whereas the derivative from bovine intestinal heparin had a higher proportion of 6-desulfated α-glucosamine units and about half anticoagulant activity. 27752111 3 48 theme heparin 659:665 arg1 types 667:671 these three heparin types 647:671 these three heparin types 647:671 Each of these three heparin types unambiguously presented differences in their chemical structures, physicochemical properties and/or haemostatic effects. 27752111 6 49 theme heparin 1313:1319 arg1 preparations 1297:1308 pharmaceutical preparations 1282:1308 pharmaceutical preparations of heparin from different animal sources 1282:1349 Our findings reasonably indicate that pharmaceutical preparations of heparin from different animal sources constitute distinct drugs, thus requiring specific regulatory rules and therapeutic evaluations. 27752111 6 50 theme different 1326:1334 arg1 sources 1343:1349 different animal sources 1326:1349 different animal sources 1326:1349 Our findings reasonably indicate that pharmaceutical preparations of heparin from different animal sources constitute distinct drugs, thus requiring specific regulatory rules and therapeutic evaluations. 27752111 0 51 theme heparins 54:61 arg1 features 27:34 Structural and haemostatic features 0:34 Structural and haemostatic features of pharmaceutical heparins from different animal sources 0:91 Structural and haemostatic features of pharmaceutical heparins from different animal sources: challenges to define thresholds separating distinct drugs. 27752111 6 52 theme therapeutic 1423:1433 arg1 evaluations 1435:1445 therapeutic evaluations 1423:1445 therapeutic evaluations 1423:1445 Our findings reasonably indicate that pharmaceutical preparations of heparin from different animal sources constitute distinct drugs, thus requiring specific regulatory rules and therapeutic evaluations. 27752111 5 53 theme close 1060:1064 arg1 activities 1080:1089 close anticoagulant activities 1060:1089 close anticoagulant activities 1060:1089 The derivatives from porcine intestinal and bovine lung heparins were structurally more similar with each other and hence presented close anticoagulant activities whereas the derivative from bovine intestinal heparin had a higher proportion of 6-desulfated α-glucosamine units and about half anticoagulant activity. 27752111 6 54 theme specific 1393:1400 arg1 rules 1413:1417 specific regulatory rules 1393:1417 specific regulatory rules 1393:1417 Our findings reasonably indicate that pharmaceutical preparations of heparin from different animal sources constitute distinct drugs, thus requiring specific regulatory rules and therapeutic evaluations. 27752111 5 55 theme half 1215:1218 arg1 activity 1234:1241 half anticoagulant activity 1215:1241 half anticoagulant activity 1215:1241 The derivatives from porcine intestinal and bovine lung heparins were structurally more similar with each other and hence presented close anticoagulant activities whereas the derivative from bovine intestinal heparin had a higher proportion of 6-desulfated α-glucosamine units and about half anticoagulant activity. 27752111 5 56 theme α-glucosamine 1185:1197 arg1 units 1199:1203 6-desulfated α-glucosamine units 1172:1203 6-desulfated α-glucosamine units 1172:1203 The derivatives from porcine intestinal and bovine lung heparins were structurally more similar with each other and hence presented close anticoagulant activities whereas the derivative from bovine intestinal heparin had a higher proportion of 6-desulfated α-glucosamine units and about half anticoagulant activity. 27752111 2 57 theme physicochemical 387:401 arg1 properties 403:412 the physicochemical properties 383:412 the physicochemical properties 383:412 We performed herein a systematic analysis on the physicochemical properties, disaccharide composition, in vitro anticoagulant potency and in vivo antithrombotic and bleeding effects of several batches of pharmaceutical grade heparins obtained from porcine intestine, bovine intestine and bovine lung. 27752111 5 58 theme anticoagulant 1220:1232 arg1 activity 1234:1241 half anticoagulant activity 1215:1241 half anticoagulant activity 1215:1241 The derivatives from porcine intestinal and bovine lung heparins were structurally more similar with each other and hence presented close anticoagulant activities whereas the derivative from bovine intestinal heparin had a higher proportion of 6-desulfated α-glucosamine units and about half anticoagulant activity. 27752111 3 59 theme chemical 718:725 arg1 structures 727:736 their chemical structures 712:736 their chemical structures 712:736 Each of these three heparin types unambiguously presented differences in their chemical structures, physicochemical properties and/or haemostatic effects. 27752111 4 60 theme heparins 832:839 arg1 derivatives 811:821 derivatives 811:821 derivatives of these heparins with similar molecular weight differing exclusively in their disaccharide composition 811:925 We also prepared derivatives of these heparins with similar molecular weight differing exclusively in their disaccharide composition. 27752111 1 61 theme antithrombotic 266:279 arg1 agents 281:286 effective anticoagulant and antithrombotic agents 238:286 effective anticoagulant and antithrombotic agents 238:286 Heparins extracted from different animal sources have been conventionally considered effective anticoagulant and antithrombotic agents despite of their pharmacological dissimilarities. 27752111 2 62 theme porcine 586:592 arg1 intestine 594:602 porcine intestine 586:602 porcine intestine 586:602 We performed herein a systematic analysis on the physicochemical properties, disaccharide composition, in vitro anticoagulant potency and in vivo antithrombotic and bleeding effects of several batches of pharmaceutical grade heparins obtained from porcine intestine, bovine intestine and bovine lung. 27752111 2 63 theme in 476:477 arg1 effects 512:518 in vivo antithrombotic and bleeding effects 476:518 in vivo antithrombotic and bleeding effects 476:518 We performed herein a systematic analysis on the physicochemical properties, disaccharide composition, in vitro anticoagulant potency and in vivo antithrombotic and bleeding effects of several batches of pharmaceutical grade heparins obtained from porcine intestine, bovine intestine and bovine lung. 27752111 6 64 theme regulatory 1402:1411 arg1 rules 1413:1417 specific regulatory rules 1393:1417 specific regulatory rules 1393:1417 Our findings reasonably indicate that pharmaceutical preparations of heparin from different animal sources constitute distinct drugs, thus requiring specific regulatory rules and therapeutic evaluations. 27752111 5 65 dep proportion 1158:1167 arg1 activity 1234:1241 half anticoagulant activity 1215:1241 half anticoagulant activity 1215:1241 The derivatives from porcine intestinal and bovine lung heparins were structurally more similar with each other and hence presented close anticoagulant activities whereas the derivative from bovine intestinal heparin had a higher proportion of 6-desulfated α-glucosamine units and about half anticoagulant activity. 27752111 2 66 theme in 441:442 arg1 potency 464:470 in vitro anticoagulant potency 441:470 in vitro anticoagulant potency 441:470 We performed herein a systematic analysis on the physicochemical properties, disaccharide composition, in vitro anticoagulant potency and in vivo antithrombotic and bleeding effects of several batches of pharmaceutical grade heparins obtained from porcine intestine, bovine intestine and bovine lung. 27752111 0 67 theme different 68:76 arg1 sources 85:91 different animal sources 68:91 different animal sources 68:91 Structural and haemostatic features of pharmaceutical heparins from different animal sources: challenges to define thresholds separating distinct drugs. 27752111 0 68 from features 27:34 arg1 sources 85:91 different animal sources 68:91 different animal sources 68:91 Structural and haemostatic features of pharmaceutical heparins from different animal sources: challenges to define thresholds separating distinct drugs. 27752111 2 69 theme bleeding 503:510 arg1 effects 512:518 in vivo antithrombotic and bleeding effects 476:518 in vivo antithrombotic and bleeding effects 476:518 We performed herein a systematic analysis on the physicochemical properties, disaccharide composition, in vitro anticoagulant potency and in vivo antithrombotic and bleeding effects of several batches of pharmaceutical grade heparins obtained from porcine intestine, bovine intestine and bovine lung. 27752111 6 70 theme pharmaceutical 1282:1295 arg1 preparations 1297:1308 pharmaceutical preparations 1282:1308 pharmaceutical preparations of heparin from different animal sources 1282:1349 Our findings reasonably indicate that pharmaceutical preparations of heparin from different animal sources constitute distinct drugs, thus requiring specific regulatory rules and therapeutic evaluations. 27752111 5 71 from heparin 1137:1143 arg1 derivative 1103:1112 the derivative 1099:1112 the derivative from bovine intestinal heparin 1099:1143 The derivatives from porcine intestinal and bovine lung heparins were structurally more similar with each other and hence presented close anticoagulant activities whereas the derivative from bovine intestinal heparin had a higher proportion of 6-desulfated α-glucosamine units and about half anticoagulant activity. 25348610 0 0 theme obesity 82:88 arg1 independent 67:77 independent 67:77 independent 67:77 Nutritional strategy to prevent fatty liver and insulin resistance independent of obesity by reducing glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide responses in mice. 25348610 1 1 theme High 182:185 arg1 intake 187:192 AIMS/HYPOTHESIS High intake 166:192 AIMS/HYPOTHESIS High intake of carbohydrates, particularly sucrose, in western societies 166:253 AIMS/HYPOTHESIS High intake of carbohydrates, particularly sucrose, in western societies is associated with the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and diabetes mellitus. 25348610 9 2 theme signalling 1411:1420 arg1 Ablation 1395:1402 Ablation 1395:1402 Ablation of GIP signalling in Gipr(-/-) mice 1395:1438 Ablation of GIP signalling in Gipr(-/-) mice completely prevented the deleterious metabolic effects of sucrose feeding. 25348610 8 3 theme improved 1310:1317 arg1 tolerance 1327:1335 improved glucose tolerance 1310:1335 improved glucose tolerance 1310:1335 After 22 weeks, Palatinose feeding prevented hepatic steatosis (48.5%) compared with sucrose and improved glucose tolerance, without differences in body composition and food intake. 25348610 10 4 theme growth 1652:1657 arg1 pathway 1678:1684 the growth hormone signalling pathway 1648:1684 the growth hormone signalling pathway 1648:1684 Furthermore, our microarray analysis indicated that sucrose increased 2.3-fold the hepatic expression of Socs2, which is involved in the growth hormone signalling pathway and participates in the development of NAFL. 25348610 12 5 theme fatty 1931:1935 arg1 liver 1937:1941 sucrose induced fatty liver 1915:1941 sucrose induced fatty liver 1915:1941 GIP may play a role in sucrose induced fatty liver by regulating the expression of Socs2. 25348610 10 6 theme NAFL 1725:1728 arg1 development 1710:1720 the development 1706:1720 the development of NAFL 1706:1728 Furthermore, our microarray analysis indicated that sucrose increased 2.3-fold the hepatic expression of Socs2, which is involved in the growth hormone signalling pathway and participates in the development of NAFL. 25348610 12 7 theme Socs2 1975:1979 arg1 expression 1961:1970 the expression 1957:1970 the expression of Socs2 1957:1979 GIP may play a role in sucrose induced fatty liver by regulating the expression of Socs2. 25348610 6 8 theme knockout 1018:1025 arg1 mice 1039:1042 GIP receptor knockout (Gipr(-/-)) mice 1005:1042 GIP receptor knockout (Gipr(-/-)) mice 1005:1042 Studies were repeated in GIP receptor knockout (Gipr(-/-)) mice and their wild-type littermates. 25348610 6 9 dep knockout 1018:1025 arg1 -/- 1033:1035 -/- 1033:1035 -/- 1033:1035 Studies were repeated in GIP receptor knockout (Gipr(-/-)) mice and their wild-type littermates. 25348610 6 9 dep knockout 1018:1025 arg1 Gipr 1028:1031 Gipr 1028:1031 Gipr(-/-) 1028:1036 Studies were repeated in GIP receptor knockout (Gipr(-/-)) mice and their wild-type littermates. 25348610 7 10 theme Palatinose 1108:1117 arg1 intake 1119:1124 Palatinose intake 1108:1124 Palatinose intake 1108:1124 RESULTS Compared with sucrose, Palatinose intake resulted in slower glucose absorption and reduced postprandial insulin and GIP levels. 25348610 1 11 from intake 187:192 arg1 societies 245:253 western societies 237:253 western societies 237:253 AIMS/HYPOTHESIS High intake of carbohydrates, particularly sucrose, in western societies is associated with the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and diabetes mellitus. 25348610 10 12 theme hormone 1659:1665 arg1 pathway 1678:1684 the growth hormone signalling pathway 1648:1684 the growth hormone signalling pathway 1648:1684 Furthermore, our microarray analysis indicated that sucrose increased 2.3-fold the hepatic expression of Socs2, which is involved in the growth hormone signalling pathway and participates in the development of NAFL. 25348610 9 13 theme Gipr 1425:1428 arg1 mice 1435:1438 Gipr(-/-) mice 1425:1438 Gipr(-/-) mice 1425:1438 Ablation of GIP signalling in Gipr(-/-) mice completely prevented the deleterious metabolic effects of sucrose feeding. 25348610 9 14 theme feeding 1506:1512 arg1 effects 1487:1493 the deleterious metabolic effects 1461:1493 the deleterious metabolic effects of sucrose feeding 1461:1512 Ablation of GIP signalling in Gipr(-/-) mice completely prevented the deleterious metabolic effects of sucrose feeding. 25348610 6 15 theme GIP 1005:1007 arg1 receptor 1009:1016 GIP receptor 1005:1016 GIP receptor 1005:1016 Studies were repeated in GIP receptor knockout (Gipr(-/-)) mice and their wild-type littermates. 25348610 1 16 theme non-alcoholic 293:305 arg1 NAFL 320:323 NAFL 320:323 NAFL 320:323 AIMS/HYPOTHESIS High intake of carbohydrates, particularly sucrose, in western societies is associated with the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and diabetes mellitus. 25348610 1 16 theme non-alcoholic 293:305 arg1 liver 313:317 non-alcoholic fatty liver 293:317 non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) 293:324 AIMS/HYPOTHESIS High intake of carbohydrates, particularly sucrose, in western societies is associated with the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and diabetes mellitus. 25348610 0 17 theme insulinotropic 120:133 arg1 polypeptide 135:145 glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide 102:145 glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide responses in mice 102:163 Nutritional strategy to prevent fatty liver and insulin resistance independent of obesity by reducing glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide responses in mice. 25348610 2 18 dep responses 445:453 arg1 GIP 515:517 GIP 515:517 GIP 515:517 It is unclear whether this is related primarily to the carbohydrate quantity or to the hormonal responses, particularly glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which is released in the proximal intestine. 25348610 2 18 dep responses 445:453 arg1 polypeptide 502:512 glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide 469:512 glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) 469:518 It is unclear whether this is related primarily to the carbohydrate quantity or to the hormonal responses, particularly glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which is released in the proximal intestine. 25348610 8 19 theme body 1361:1364 arg1 composition 1366:1376 body composition 1361:1376 body composition 1361:1376 After 22 weeks, Palatinose feeding prevented hepatic steatosis (48.5%) compared with sucrose and improved glucose tolerance, without differences in body composition and food intake. 25348610 8 20 from differences 1346:1356 arg1 composition 1366:1376 body composition 1361:1376 body composition 1361:1376 After 22 weeks, Palatinose feeding prevented hepatic steatosis (48.5%) compared with sucrose and improved glucose tolerance, without differences in body composition and food intake. 25348610 8 20 from differences 1346:1356 arg1 intake 1387:1392 food intake 1382:1392 food intake 1382:1392 After 22 weeks, Palatinose feeding prevented hepatic steatosis (48.5%) compared with sucrose and improved glucose tolerance, without differences in body composition and food intake. 25348610 2 21 theme carbohydrate 404:415 arg1 quantity 417:424 the carbohydrate quantity 400:424 the carbohydrate quantity 400:424 It is unclear whether this is related primarily to the carbohydrate quantity or to the hormonal responses, particularly glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which is released in the proximal intestine. 25348610 0 22 theme glucose-dependent 102:118 arg1 polypeptide 135:145 glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide 102:145 glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide responses in mice 102:163 Nutritional strategy to prevent fatty liver and insulin resistance independent of obesity by reducing glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide responses in mice. 25348610 11 23 theme glucose 1795:1801 arg1 absorption 1803:1812 glucose absorption 1795:1812 glucose absorption 1795:1812 CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that the site of glucose absorption and the GIP response determine liver fat accumulation and insulin resistance. 25348610 11 24 theme absorption 1803:1812 arg1 response 1826:1833 the GIP response 1818:1833 the GIP response 1818:1833 CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that the site of glucose absorption and the GIP response determine liver fat accumulation and insulin resistance. 25348610 11 24 theme absorption 1803:1812 arg1 site 1787:1790 the site 1783:1790 the site of glucose absorption 1783:1812 CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that the site of glucose absorption and the GIP response determine liver fat accumulation and insulin resistance. 25348610 11 24 theme absorption 1803:1812 arg1 absorption 1803:1812 glucose absorption 1795:1812 glucose absorption 1795:1812 CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that the site of glucose absorption and the GIP response determine liver fat accumulation and insulin resistance. 25348610 1 25 theme carbohydrates 197:209 arg1 intake 187:192 AIMS/HYPOTHESIS High intake 166:192 AIMS/HYPOTHESIS High intake of carbohydrates, particularly sucrose, in western societies 166:253 AIMS/HYPOTHESIS High intake of carbohydrates, particularly sucrose, in western societies is associated with the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and diabetes mellitus. 25348610 7 26 theme insulin 1189:1195 arg1 levels 1205:1210 postprandial insulin and GIP levels 1176:1210 postprandial insulin and GIP levels 1176:1210 RESULTS Compared with sucrose, Palatinose intake resulted in slower glucose absorption and reduced postprandial insulin and GIP levels. 25348610 10 27 theme microarray 1532:1541 arg1 analysis 1543:1550 our microarray analysis 1528:1550 our microarray analysis 1528:1550 Furthermore, our microarray analysis indicated that sucrose increased 2.3-fold the hepatic expression of Socs2, which is involved in the growth hormone signalling pathway and participates in the development of NAFL. 25348610 12 28 theme induced 1923:1929 arg1 liver 1937:1941 sucrose induced fatty liver 1915:1941 sucrose induced fatty liver 1915:1941 GIP may play a role in sucrose induced fatty liver by regulating the expression of Socs2. 25348610 11 29 theme GIP 1822:1824 arg1 response 1826:1833 the GIP response 1818:1833 the GIP response 1818:1833 CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that the site of glucose absorption and the GIP response determine liver fat accumulation and insulin resistance. 25348610 4 30 theme incretin 749:756 arg1 responses 758:766 The glycaemic and incretin responses 731:766 METHODS The glycaemic and incretin responses to sucrose and Palatinose 723:792 METHODS The glycaemic and incretin responses to sucrose and Palatinose were studied by oral gavage and meal tests. 25348610 11 31 theme liver 1845:1849 arg1 accumulation 1855:1866 liver fat accumulation 1845:1866 liver fat accumulation 1845:1866 CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that the site of glucose absorption and the GIP response determine liver fat accumulation and insulin resistance. 25348610 5 32 theme diet-induced 880:891 arg1 changes 893:899 phenotypic and metabolic diet-induced changes 855:899 phenotypic and metabolic diet-induced changes 855:899 We then analysed phenotypic and metabolic diet-induced changes in C57Bl/6J mice exposed to isoenergetic diets differing in carbohydrate type. 25348610 0 33 theme Nutritional 0:10 arg1 strategy 12:19 Nutritional strategy 0:19 Nutritional strategy 0:19 Nutritional strategy to prevent fatty liver and insulin resistance independent of obesity by reducing glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide responses in mice. 25348610 1 34 theme fatty 307:311 arg1 NAFL 320:323 NAFL 320:323 NAFL 320:323 AIMS/HYPOTHESIS High intake of carbohydrates, particularly sucrose, in western societies is associated with the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and diabetes mellitus. 25348610 1 34 theme fatty 307:311 arg1 liver 313:317 non-alcoholic fatty liver 293:317 non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) 293:324 AIMS/HYPOTHESIS High intake of carbohydrates, particularly sucrose, in western societies is associated with the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and diabetes mellitus. 25348610 12 35 theme sucrose 1915:1921 arg1 liver 1937:1941 sucrose induced fatty liver 1915:1941 sucrose induced fatty liver 1915:1941 GIP may play a role in sucrose induced fatty liver by regulating the expression of Socs2. 25348610 5 36 theme carbohydrate 961:972 arg1 type 974:977 carbohydrate type 961:977 carbohydrate type 961:977 We then analysed phenotypic and metabolic diet-induced changes in C57Bl/6J mice exposed to isoenergetic diets differing in carbohydrate type. 25348610 6 37 theme wild-type 1054:1062 arg1 littermates 1064:1074 their wild-type littermates 1048:1074 their wild-type littermates 1048:1074 Studies were repeated in GIP receptor knockout (Gipr(-/-)) mice and their wild-type littermates. 25348610 1 38 theme liver 313:317 arg1 development 278:288 the development 274:288 the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and diabetes mellitus 274:346 AIMS/HYPOTHESIS High intake of carbohydrates, particularly sucrose, in western societies is associated with the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and diabetes mellitus. 25348610 10 39 theme Socs2 1620:1624 arg1 expression 1606:1615 the hepatic expression 1594:1615 the hepatic expression 1594:1615 Furthermore, our microarray analysis indicated that sucrose increased 2.3-fold the hepatic expression of Socs2, which is involved in the growth hormone signalling pathway and participates in the development of NAFL. 25348610 9 40 theme -/- 1430:1432 arg1 mice 1435:1438 Gipr(-/-) mice 1425:1438 Gipr(-/-) mice 1425:1438 Ablation of GIP signalling in Gipr(-/-) mice completely prevented the deleterious metabolic effects of sucrose feeding. 25348610 4 41 dep METHODS 723:729 arg1 responses 758:766 The glycaemic and incretin responses 731:766 METHODS The glycaemic and incretin responses to sucrose and Palatinose 723:792 METHODS The glycaemic and incretin responses to sucrose and Palatinose were studied by oral gavage and meal tests. 25348610 4 42 theme meal 826:829 arg1 tests 831:835 meal tests 826:835 meal tests 826:835 METHODS The glycaemic and incretin responses to sucrose and Palatinose were studied by oral gavage and meal tests. 25348610 10 43 theme signalling 1667:1676 arg1 pathway 1678:1684 the growth hormone signalling pathway 1648:1684 the growth hormone signalling pathway 1648:1684 Furthermore, our microarray analysis indicated that sucrose increased 2.3-fold the hepatic expression of Socs2, which is involved in the growth hormone signalling pathway and participates in the development of NAFL. 25348610 2 44 theme hormonal 436:443 arg1 responses 445:453 the hormonal responses 432:453 the hormonal responses 432:453 It is unclear whether this is related primarily to the carbohydrate quantity or to the hormonal responses, particularly glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which is released in the proximal intestine. 25348610 0 45 theme polypeptide 135:145 arg1 responses 147:155 glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide responses 102:155 glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide responses in mice 102:163 Nutritional strategy to prevent fatty liver and insulin resistance independent of obesity by reducing glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide responses in mice. 25348610 11 46 theme insulin 1872:1878 arg1 resistance 1880:1889 insulin resistance 1872:1889 insulin resistance 1872:1889 CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that the site of glucose absorption and the GIP response determine liver fat accumulation and insulin resistance. 25348610 8 47 theme food 1382:1385 arg1 intake 1387:1392 food intake 1382:1392 food intake 1382:1392 After 22 weeks, Palatinose feeding prevented hepatic steatosis (48.5%) compared with sucrose and improved glucose tolerance, without differences in body composition and food intake. 25348610 9 48 theme deleterious 1465:1475 arg1 effects 1487:1493 the deleterious metabolic effects 1461:1493 the deleterious metabolic effects of sucrose feeding 1461:1512 Ablation of GIP signalling in Gipr(-/-) mice completely prevented the deleterious metabolic effects of sucrose feeding. 25348610 3 49 theme GIP 605:607 arg1 role 597:600 the role 593:600 the role of GIP 593:607 Therefore, we investigated the role of GIP by comparing two glucose-fructose dimers, sucrose and Palatinose (isomaltulose), resorbed proximally or distally. 25348610 8 50 theme hepatic 1258:1264 arg1 steatosis 1266:1274 hepatic steatosis 1258:1274 hepatic steatosis (48.5%) 1258:1282 After 22 weeks, Palatinose feeding prevented hepatic steatosis (48.5%) compared with sucrose and improved glucose tolerance, without differences in body composition and food intake. 25348610 8 50 theme hepatic 1258:1264 arg1 % 1281:1281 48.5% 1277:1281 48.5% 1277:1281 After 22 weeks, Palatinose feeding prevented hepatic steatosis (48.5%) compared with sucrose and improved glucose tolerance, without differences in body composition and food intake. 25348610 7 51 theme slower 1138:1143 arg1 absorption 1153:1162 slower glucose absorption 1138:1162 slower glucose absorption 1138:1162 RESULTS Compared with sucrose, Palatinose intake resulted in slower glucose absorption and reduced postprandial insulin and GIP levels. 25348610 0 52 theme fatty 32:36 arg1 liver 38:42 fatty liver 32:42 fatty liver 32:42 Nutritional strategy to prevent fatty liver and insulin resistance independent of obesity by reducing glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide responses in mice. 25348610 11 53 theme fat 1851:1853 arg1 accumulation 1855:1866 liver fat accumulation 1845:1866 liver fat accumulation 1845:1866 CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that the site of glucose absorption and the GIP response determine liver fat accumulation and insulin resistance. 25348610 2 54 theme proximal 546:553 arg1 intestine 555:563 the proximal intestine 542:563 the proximal intestine 542:563 It is unclear whether this is related primarily to the carbohydrate quantity or to the hormonal responses, particularly glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which is released in the proximal intestine. 25348610 9 55 theme metabolic 1477:1485 arg1 effects 1487:1493 the deleterious metabolic effects 1461:1493 the deleterious metabolic effects of sucrose feeding 1461:1512 Ablation of GIP signalling in Gipr(-/-) mice completely prevented the deleterious metabolic effects of sucrose feeding. 25348610 1 56 theme western 237:243 arg1 societies 245:253 western societies 237:253 western societies 237:253 AIMS/HYPOTHESIS High intake of carbohydrates, particularly sucrose, in western societies is associated with the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and diabetes mellitus. 25348610 0 57 theme insulin 48:54 arg1 resistance 56:65 insulin resistance 48:65 insulin resistance 48:65 Nutritional strategy to prevent fatty liver and insulin resistance independent of obesity by reducing glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide responses in mice. 25348610 2 58 theme glucose-dependent 469:485 arg1 GIP 515:517 GIP 515:517 GIP 515:517 It is unclear whether this is related primarily to the carbohydrate quantity or to the hormonal responses, particularly glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which is released in the proximal intestine. 25348610 2 58 theme glucose-dependent 469:485 arg1 polypeptide 502:512 glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide 469:512 glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) 469:518 It is unclear whether this is related primarily to the carbohydrate quantity or to the hormonal responses, particularly glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which is released in the proximal intestine. 25348610 1 59 theme diabetes 330:337 arg1 mellitus 339:346 diabetes mellitus 330:346 diabetes mellitus 330:346 AIMS/HYPOTHESIS High intake of carbohydrates, particularly sucrose, in western societies is associated with the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and diabetes mellitus. 25348610 11 60 theme CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION 1731:1756 arg1 results 1762:1768 CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results 1731:1768 CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results 1731:1768 CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that the site of glucose absorption and the GIP response determine liver fat accumulation and insulin resistance. 25348610 7 61 theme postprandial 1176:1187 arg1 levels 1205:1210 postprandial insulin and GIP levels 1176:1210 postprandial insulin and GIP levels 1176:1210 RESULTS Compared with sucrose, Palatinose intake resulted in slower glucose absorption and reduced postprandial insulin and GIP levels. 25348610 5 62 theme isoenergetic 929:940 arg1 diets 942:946 isoenergetic diets 929:946 isoenergetic diets differing in carbohydrate type 929:977 We then analysed phenotypic and metabolic diet-induced changes in C57Bl/6J mice exposed to isoenergetic diets differing in carbohydrate type. 25348610 1 63 theme mellitus 339:346 arg1 development 278:288 the development 274:288 the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and diabetes mellitus 274:346 AIMS/HYPOTHESIS High intake of carbohydrates, particularly sucrose, in western societies is associated with the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and diabetes mellitus. 25348610 7 64 theme glucose 1145:1151 arg1 absorption 1153:1162 slower glucose absorption 1138:1162 slower glucose absorption 1138:1162 RESULTS Compared with sucrose, Palatinose intake resulted in slower glucose absorption and reduced postprandial insulin and GIP levels. 25348610 3 65 theme glucose-fructose 626:641 arg1 Palatinose 663:672 Palatinose 663:672 Palatinose (isomaltulose) 663:687 Therefore, we investigated the role of GIP by comparing two glucose-fructose dimers, sucrose and Palatinose (isomaltulose), resorbed proximally or distally. 25348610 3 65 theme glucose-fructose 626:641 arg1 sucrose 651:657 sucrose 651:657 sucrose 651:657 Therefore, we investigated the role of GIP by comparing two glucose-fructose dimers, sucrose and Palatinose (isomaltulose), resorbed proximally or distally. 25348610 3 65 theme glucose-fructose 626:641 arg1 dimers 643:648 two glucose-fructose dimers 622:648 two glucose-fructose dimers 622:648 Therefore, we investigated the role of GIP by comparing two glucose-fructose dimers, sucrose and Palatinose (isomaltulose), resorbed proximally or distally. 25348610 4 66 theme glycaemic 735:743 arg1 responses 758:766 The glycaemic and incretin responses 731:766 METHODS The glycaemic and incretin responses to sucrose and Palatinose 723:792 METHODS The glycaemic and incretin responses to sucrose and Palatinose were studied by oral gavage and meal tests. 25348610 9 67 from Ablation 1395:1402 arg1 mice 1435:1438 Gipr(-/-) mice 1425:1438 Gipr(-/-) mice 1425:1438 Ablation of GIP signalling in Gipr(-/-) mice completely prevented the deleterious metabolic effects of sucrose feeding. 25348610 5 68 theme C57Bl/6J 904:911 arg1 mice 913:916 C57Bl/6J mice 904:916 C57Bl/6J mice exposed to isoenergetic diets differing in carbohydrate type 904:977 We then analysed phenotypic and metabolic diet-induced changes in C57Bl/6J mice exposed to isoenergetic diets differing in carbohydrate type. 25348610 8 69 theme Palatinose 1229:1238 arg1 feeding 1240:1246 Palatinose feeding 1229:1246 Palatinose feeding 1229:1246 After 22 weeks, Palatinose feeding prevented hepatic steatosis (48.5%) compared with sucrose and improved glucose tolerance, without differences in body composition and food intake. 25348610 9 70 theme sucrose 1498:1504 arg1 feeding 1506:1512 sucrose feeding 1498:1512 sucrose feeding 1498:1512 Ablation of GIP signalling in Gipr(-/-) mice completely prevented the deleterious metabolic effects of sucrose feeding. 25348610 0 71 theme independent 67:77 arg1 liver 38:42 fatty liver 32:42 fatty liver 32:42 Nutritional strategy to prevent fatty liver and insulin resistance independent of obesity by reducing glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide responses in mice. 25348610 5 72 theme phenotypic 855:864 arg1 changes 893:899 phenotypic and metabolic diet-induced changes 855:899 phenotypic and metabolic diet-induced changes 855:899 We then analysed phenotypic and metabolic diet-induced changes in C57Bl/6J mice exposed to isoenergetic diets differing in carbohydrate type. 25348610 8 73 theme glucose 1319:1325 arg1 tolerance 1327:1335 improved glucose tolerance 1310:1335 improved glucose tolerance 1310:1335 After 22 weeks, Palatinose feeding prevented hepatic steatosis (48.5%) compared with sucrose and improved glucose tolerance, without differences in body composition and food intake. 25348610 5 74 theme metabolic 870:878 arg1 changes 893:899 phenotypic and metabolic diet-induced changes 855:899 phenotypic and metabolic diet-induced changes 855:899 We then analysed phenotypic and metabolic diet-induced changes in C57Bl/6J mice exposed to isoenergetic diets differing in carbohydrate type. 25348610 0 75 from responses 147:155 arg1 mice 160:163 mice 160:163 mice 160:163 Nutritional strategy to prevent fatty liver and insulin resistance independent of obesity by reducing glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide responses in mice. 25348610 2 76 theme insulinotropic 487:500 arg1 GIP 515:517 GIP 515:517 GIP 515:517 It is unclear whether this is related primarily to the carbohydrate quantity or to the hormonal responses, particularly glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which is released in the proximal intestine. 25348610 2 76 theme insulinotropic 487:500 arg1 polypeptide 502:512 glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide 469:512 glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) 469:518 It is unclear whether this is related primarily to the carbohydrate quantity or to the hormonal responses, particularly glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which is released in the proximal intestine. 25348610 7 77 theme GIP 1201:1203 arg1 levels 1205:1210 postprandial insulin and GIP levels 1176:1210 postprandial insulin and GIP levels 1176:1210 RESULTS Compared with sucrose, Palatinose intake resulted in slower glucose absorption and reduced postprandial insulin and GIP levels. 25348610 4 78 theme oral 810:813 arg1 gavage 815:820 oral gavage 810:820 oral gavage 810:820 METHODS The glycaemic and incretin responses to sucrose and Palatinose were studied by oral gavage and meal tests. 25348610 10 79 theme hepatic 1598:1604 arg1 expression 1606:1615 the hepatic expression 1594:1615 the hepatic expression 1594:1615 Furthermore, our microarray analysis indicated that sucrose increased 2.3-fold the hepatic expression of Socs2, which is involved in the growth hormone signalling pathway and participates in the development of NAFL. 25348610 1 80 theme AIMS/HYPOTHESIS 166:180 arg1 intake 187:192 AIMS/HYPOTHESIS High intake 166:192 AIMS/HYPOTHESIS High intake of carbohydrates, particularly sucrose, in western societies 166:253 AIMS/HYPOTHESIS High intake of carbohydrates, particularly sucrose, in western societies is associated with the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and diabetes mellitus. 25348610 9 81 theme GIP 1407:1409 arg1 signalling 1411:1420 GIP signalling 1407:1420 GIP signalling 1407:1420 Ablation of GIP signalling in Gipr(-/-) mice completely prevented the deleterious metabolic effects of sucrose feeding. 25246537 0 0 from contributions 23:35 arg1 termite 80:86 termite 80:86 termite 80:86 Complementary symbiont contributions to plant decomposition in a fungus-farming termite. 25246537 7 1 theme queen 1483:1487 arg1 microbiota 1465:1474 the gut microbiota 1457:1474 the gut microbiota of the queen 1457:1487 In sharp contrast, the gut microbiota of the queen had highly reduced plant decomposition potential, suggesting that mature reproductives digest fungal material provided by workers rather than plant substrate. 25246537 3 2 theme symbiont 518:525 arg1 genomes 454:460 high-quality annotated draft genomes 425:460 high-quality annotated draft genomes of the termite Macrotermes natalensis, its Termitomyces symbiont, and gut metagenomes from workers, soldiers, and a queen 425:582 We obtained high-quality annotated draft genomes of the termite Macrotermes natalensis, its Termitomyces symbiont, and gut metagenomes from workers, soldiers, and a queen. 25246537 7 3 theme plant 1508:1512 arg1 potential 1528:1536 highly reduced plant decomposition potential 1493:1536 highly reduced plant decomposition potential 1493:1536 In sharp contrast, the gut microbiota of the queen had highly reduced plant decomposition potential, suggesting that mature reproductives digest fungal material provided by workers rather than plant substrate. 25246537 5 4 theme Termitomyces 1116:1127 arg1 spores 1137:1142 Termitomyces asexual spores 1116:1142 Termitomyces asexual spores so that initial fungal growth and polysaccharide decomposition can proceed with high efficiency 1116:1238 This apparent division of labor is consistent with the Macrotermes gut microbes being most important during the second passage of comb material through the termite gut, after a first gut passage where the crude plant substrate is inoculated with Termitomyces asexual spores so that initial fungal growth and polysaccharide decomposition can proceed with high efficiency. 25246537 4 5 theme oligosaccharides 852:867 arg1 digestion 839:847 final digestion 833:847 final digestion of oligosaccharides 833:867 We show that members from 111 of the 128 known glycoside hydrolase families are represented in the symbiosis, that Termitomyces has the genomic capacity to handle complex carbohydrates, and that worker gut microbes primarily contribute enzymes for final digestion of oligosaccharides. 25246537 1 6 theme Macrotermitinae 165:179 arg1 fungi 207:211 the Macrotermitinae domesticated Termitomyces fungi 161:211 the Macrotermitinae domesticated Termitomyces fungi 161:211 Termites normally rely on gut symbionts to decompose organic matter but the Macrotermitinae domesticated Termitomyces fungi to produce their own food. 25246537 3 7 from workers 553:559 arg1 genomes 454:460 high-quality annotated draft genomes 425:460 high-quality annotated draft genomes of the termite Macrotermes natalensis, its Termitomyces symbiont, and gut metagenomes from workers, soldiers, and a queen 425:582 We obtained high-quality annotated draft genomes of the termite Macrotermes natalensis, its Termitomyces symbiont, and gut metagenomes from workers, soldiers, and a queen. 25246537 6 8 from conversion 1249:1258 arg1 mounds 1282:1287 termite mounds 1274:1287 termite mounds 1274:1287 Complex conversion of biomass in termite mounds thus appears to be mainly accomplished by complementary cooperation between a domesticated fungal monoculture and a specialized bacterial community. 25246537 5 9 theme asexual 1129:1135 arg1 spores 1137:1142 Termitomyces asexual spores 1116:1142 Termitomyces asexual spores so that initial fungal growth and polysaccharide decomposition can proceed with high efficiency 1116:1238 This apparent division of labor is consistent with the Macrotermes gut microbes being most important during the second passage of comb material through the termite gut, after a first gut passage where the crude plant substrate is inoculated with Termitomyces asexual spores so that initial fungal growth and polysaccharide decomposition can proceed with high efficiency. 25246537 4 10 theme complex 748:754 arg1 carbohydrates 756:768 complex carbohydrates 748:768 complex carbohydrates 748:768 We show that members from 111 of the 128 known glycoside hydrolase families are represented in the symbiosis, that Termitomyces has the genomic capacity to handle complex carbohydrates, and that worker gut microbes primarily contribute enzymes for final digestion of oligosaccharides. 25246537 4 11 theme hydrolase 642:650 arg1 families 652:659 the 128 known glycoside hydrolase families 618:659 the 128 known glycoside hydrolase families 618:659 We show that members from 111 of the 128 known glycoside hydrolase families are represented in the symbiosis, that Termitomyces has the genomic capacity to handle complex carbohydrates, and that worker gut microbes primarily contribute enzymes for final digestion of oligosaccharides. 25246537 7 12 theme fungal 1583:1588 arg1 material 1590:1597 fungal material 1583:1597 fungal material provided by workers rather than plant substrate 1583:1645 In sharp contrast, the gut microbiota of the queen had highly reduced plant decomposition potential, suggesting that mature reproductives digest fungal material provided by workers rather than plant substrate. 25246537 5 13 theme gut 937:939 arg1 microbes 941:948 the Macrotermes gut microbes 921:948 the Macrotermes gut microbes 921:948 This apparent division of labor is consistent with the Macrotermes gut microbes being most important during the second passage of comb material through the termite gut, after a first gut passage where the crude plant substrate is inoculated with Termitomyces asexual spores so that initial fungal growth and polysaccharide decomposition can proceed with high efficiency. 25246537 5 13 theme gut 937:939 arg1 important 961:969 important 961:969 important 961:969 This apparent division of labor is consistent with the Macrotermes gut microbes being most important during the second passage of comb material through the termite gut, after a first gut passage where the crude plant substrate is inoculated with Termitomyces asexual spores so that initial fungal growth and polysaccharide decomposition can proceed with high efficiency. 25246537 5 14 theme crude 1075:1079 arg1 substrate 1087:1095 the crude plant substrate 1071:1095 the crude plant substrate 1071:1095 This apparent division of labor is consistent with the Macrotermes gut microbes being most important during the second passage of comb material through the termite gut, after a first gut passage where the crude plant substrate is inoculated with Termitomyces asexual spores so that initial fungal growth and polysaccharide decomposition can proceed with high efficiency. 25246537 6 15 theme termite 1274:1280 arg1 mounds 1282:1287 termite mounds 1274:1287 termite mounds 1274:1287 Complex conversion of biomass in termite mounds thus appears to be mainly accomplished by complementary cooperation between a domesticated fungal monoculture and a specialized bacterial community. 25246537 2 16 from roles 347:351 arg1 symbiosis 378:386 the symbiosis 374:386 the symbiosis 374:386 This transition was accompanied by a shift in the composition of the gut microbiota, but the complementary roles of these bacteria in the symbiosis have remained enigmatic. 25246537 5 17 theme labor 896:900 arg1 division 884:891 This apparent division 870:891 This apparent division of labor 870:900 This apparent division of labor is consistent with the Macrotermes gut microbes being most important during the second passage of comb material through the termite gut, after a first gut passage where the crude plant substrate is inoculated with Termitomyces asexual spores so that initial fungal growth and polysaccharide decomposition can proceed with high efficiency. 25246537 5 18 theme Macrotermes 925:935 arg1 microbes 941:948 the Macrotermes gut microbes 921:948 the Macrotermes gut microbes 921:948 This apparent division of labor is consistent with the Macrotermes gut microbes being most important during the second passage of comb material through the termite gut, after a first gut passage where the crude plant substrate is inoculated with Termitomyces asexual spores so that initial fungal growth and polysaccharide decomposition can proceed with high efficiency. 25246537 5 18 theme Macrotermes 925:935 arg1 important 961:969 important 961:969 important 961:969 This apparent division of labor is consistent with the Macrotermes gut microbes being most important during the second passage of comb material through the termite gut, after a first gut passage where the crude plant substrate is inoculated with Termitomyces asexual spores so that initial fungal growth and polysaccharide decomposition can proceed with high efficiency. 25246537 6 19 theme domesticated 1367:1378 arg1 monoculture 1387:1397 a domesticated fungal monoculture 1365:1397 a domesticated fungal monoculture 1365:1397 Complex conversion of biomass in termite mounds thus appears to be mainly accomplished by complementary cooperation between a domesticated fungal monoculture and a specialized bacterial community. 25246537 4 20 contain has 713:715 arg1 Termitomyces 700:711 Termitomyces 700:711 Termitomyces 700:711 We show that members from 111 of the 128 known glycoside hydrolase families are represented in the symbiosis, that Termitomyces has the genomic capacity to handle complex carbohydrates, and that worker gut microbes primarily contribute enzymes for final digestion of oligosaccharides. 25246537 4 20 contain has 713:715 arg2 capacity 729:736 the genomic capacity 717:736 the genomic capacity to handle complex carbohydrates 717:768 We show that members from 111 of the 128 known glycoside hydrolase families are represented in the symbiosis, that Termitomyces has the genomic capacity to handle complex carbohydrates, and that worker gut microbes primarily contribute enzymes for final digestion of oligosaccharides. 25246537 4 21 theme final 833:837 arg1 digestion 839:847 final digestion 833:847 final digestion of oligosaccharides 833:867 We show that members from 111 of the 128 known glycoside hydrolase families are represented in the symbiosis, that Termitomyces has the genomic capacity to handle complex carbohydrates, and that worker gut microbes primarily contribute enzymes for final digestion of oligosaccharides. 25246537 7 22 theme sharp 1441:1445 arg1 contrast 1447:1454 sharp contrast 1441:1454 sharp contrast 1441:1454 In sharp contrast, the gut microbiota of the queen had highly reduced plant decomposition potential, suggesting that mature reproductives digest fungal material provided by workers rather than plant substrate. 25246537 3 23 theme metagenomes 536:546 arg1 genomes 454:460 high-quality annotated draft genomes 425:460 high-quality annotated draft genomes of the termite Macrotermes natalensis, its Termitomyces symbiont, and gut metagenomes from workers, soldiers, and a queen 425:582 We obtained high-quality annotated draft genomes of the termite Macrotermes natalensis, its Termitomyces symbiont, and gut metagenomes from workers, soldiers, and a queen. 25246537 1 24 theme domesticated 181:192 arg1 fungi 207:211 the Macrotermitinae domesticated Termitomyces fungi 161:211 the Macrotermitinae domesticated Termitomyces fungi 161:211 Termites normally rely on gut symbionts to decompose organic matter but the Macrotermitinae domesticated Termitomyces fungi to produce their own food. 25246537 6 25 theme biomass 1263:1269 arg1 conversion 1249:1258 Complex conversion 1241:1258 Complex conversion of biomass in termite mounds 1241:1287 Complex conversion of biomass in termite mounds thus appears to be mainly accomplished by complementary cooperation between a domesticated fungal monoculture and a specialized bacterial community. 25246537 5 26 theme second 982:987 arg1 passage 989:995 the second passage 978:995 the second passage of comb material through the termite gut 978:1036 This apparent division of labor is consistent with the Macrotermes gut microbes being most important during the second passage of comb material through the termite gut, after a first gut passage where the crude plant substrate is inoculated with Termitomyces asexual spores so that initial fungal growth and polysaccharide decomposition can proceed with high efficiency. 25246537 1 27 theme Termitomyces 194:205 arg1 fungi 207:211 the Macrotermitinae domesticated Termitomyces fungi 161:211 the Macrotermitinae domesticated Termitomyces fungi 161:211 Termites normally rely on gut symbionts to decompose organic matter but the Macrotermitinae domesticated Termitomyces fungi to produce their own food. 25246537 0 28 theme symbiont 14:21 arg1 contributions 23:35 Complementary symbiont contributions 0:35 Complementary symbiont contributions to plant decomposition in a fungus-farming termite 0:86 Complementary symbiont contributions to plant decomposition in a fungus-farming termite. 25246537 3 29 theme gut 532:534 arg1 metagenomes 536:546 gut metagenomes 532:546 gut metagenomes 532:546 We obtained high-quality annotated draft genomes of the termite Macrotermes natalensis, its Termitomyces symbiont, and gut metagenomes from workers, soldiers, and a queen. 25246537 6 30 theme bacterial 1417:1425 arg1 community 1427:1435 a specialized bacterial community 1403:1435 a specialized bacterial community 1403:1435 Complex conversion of biomass in termite mounds thus appears to be mainly accomplished by complementary cooperation between a domesticated fungal monoculture and a specialized bacterial community. 25246537 4 31 theme genomic 721:727 arg1 capacity 729:736 the genomic capacity 717:736 the genomic capacity to handle complex carbohydrates 717:768 We show that members from 111 of the 128 known glycoside hydrolase families are represented in the symbiosis, that Termitomyces has the genomic capacity to handle complex carbohydrates, and that worker gut microbes primarily contribute enzymes for final digestion of oligosaccharides. 25246537 5 32 theme plant 1081:1085 arg1 substrate 1087:1095 the crude plant substrate 1071:1095 the crude plant substrate 1071:1095 This apparent division of labor is consistent with the Macrotermes gut microbes being most important during the second passage of comb material through the termite gut, after a first gut passage where the crude plant substrate is inoculated with Termitomyces asexual spores so that initial fungal growth and polysaccharide decomposition can proceed with high efficiency. 25246537 3 33 theme high-quality 425:436 arg1 genomes 454:460 high-quality annotated draft genomes 425:460 high-quality annotated draft genomes of the termite Macrotermes natalensis, its Termitomyces symbiont, and gut metagenomes from workers, soldiers, and a queen 425:582 We obtained high-quality annotated draft genomes of the termite Macrotermes natalensis, its Termitomyces symbiont, and gut metagenomes from workers, soldiers, and a queen. 25246537 0 34 theme Complementary 0:12 arg1 contributions 23:35 Complementary symbiont contributions 0:35 Complementary symbiont contributions to plant decomposition in a fungus-farming termite 0:86 Complementary symbiont contributions to plant decomposition in a fungus-farming termite. 25246537 5 35 theme fungal 1160:1165 arg1 growth 1167:1172 initial fungal growth 1152:1172 initial fungal growth 1152:1172 This apparent division of labor is consistent with the Macrotermes gut microbes being most important during the second passage of comb material through the termite gut, after a first gut passage where the crude plant substrate is inoculated with Termitomyces asexual spores so that initial fungal growth and polysaccharide decomposition can proceed with high efficiency. 25246537 2 36 theme microbiota 313:322 arg1 composition 290:300 the composition 286:300 the composition of the gut microbiota 286:322 This transition was accompanied by a shift in the composition of the gut microbiota, but the complementary roles of these bacteria in the symbiosis have remained enigmatic. 25246537 3 37 from queen 578:582 arg1 genomes 454:460 high-quality annotated draft genomes 425:460 high-quality annotated draft genomes of the termite Macrotermes natalensis, its Termitomyces symbiont, and gut metagenomes from workers, soldiers, and a queen 425:582 We obtained high-quality annotated draft genomes of the termite Macrotermes natalensis, its Termitomyces symbiont, and gut metagenomes from workers, soldiers, and a queen. 25246537 3 38 theme annotated 438:446 arg1 genomes 454:460 high-quality annotated draft genomes 425:460 high-quality annotated draft genomes of the termite Macrotermes natalensis, its Termitomyces symbiont, and gut metagenomes from workers, soldiers, and a queen 425:582 We obtained high-quality annotated draft genomes of the termite Macrotermes natalensis, its Termitomyces symbiont, and gut metagenomes from workers, soldiers, and a queen. 25246537 5 39 theme comb 1000:1003 arg1 material 1005:1012 comb material 1000:1012 comb material 1000:1012 This apparent division of labor is consistent with the Macrotermes gut microbes being most important during the second passage of comb material through the termite gut, after a first gut passage where the crude plant substrate is inoculated with Termitomyces asexual spores so that initial fungal growth and polysaccharide decomposition can proceed with high efficiency. 25246537 2 40 theme gut 309:311 arg1 microbiota 313:322 the gut microbiota 305:322 the gut microbiota 305:322 This transition was accompanied by a shift in the composition of the gut microbiota, but the complementary roles of these bacteria in the symbiosis have remained enigmatic. 25246537 3 41 theme termite 469:475 arg1 natalensis 489:498 the termite Macrotermes natalensis 465:498 the termite Macrotermes natalensis 465:498 We obtained high-quality annotated draft genomes of the termite Macrotermes natalensis, its Termitomyces symbiont, and gut metagenomes from workers, soldiers, and a queen. 25246537 7 42 contain had 1489:1491 arg1 microbiota 1465:1474 the gut microbiota 1457:1474 the gut microbiota of the queen 1457:1487 In sharp contrast, the gut microbiota of the queen had highly reduced plant decomposition potential, suggesting that mature reproductives digest fungal material provided by workers rather than plant substrate. 25246537 7 42 contain had 1489:1491 arg2 potential 1528:1536 highly reduced plant decomposition potential 1493:1536 highly reduced plant decomposition potential 1493:1536 In sharp contrast, the gut microbiota of the queen had highly reduced plant decomposition potential, suggesting that mature reproductives digest fungal material provided by workers rather than plant substrate. 25246537 5 43 theme gut 1053:1055 arg1 passage 1057:1063 a first gut passage 1045:1063 a first gut passage where the crude plant substrate is inoculated with Termitomyces asexual spores so that initial fungal growth and polysaccharide decomposition can proceed with high efficiency 1045:1238 This apparent division of labor is consistent with the Macrotermes gut microbes being most important during the second passage of comb material through the termite gut, after a first gut passage where the crude plant substrate is inoculated with Termitomyces asexual spores so that initial fungal growth and polysaccharide decomposition can proceed with high efficiency. 25246537 1 44 theme gut 115:117 arg1 symbionts 119:127 gut symbionts 115:127 gut symbionts 115:127 Termites normally rely on gut symbionts to decompose organic matter but the Macrotermitinae domesticated Termitomyces fungi to produce their own food. 25246537 2 45 from shift 277:281 arg1 composition 290:300 the composition 286:300 the composition of the gut microbiota 286:322 This transition was accompanied by a shift in the composition of the gut microbiota, but the complementary roles of these bacteria in the symbiosis have remained enigmatic. 25246537 3 46 theme Macrotermes 477:487 arg1 natalensis 489:498 the termite Macrotermes natalensis 465:498 the termite Macrotermes natalensis 465:498 We obtained high-quality annotated draft genomes of the termite Macrotermes natalensis, its Termitomyces symbiont, and gut metagenomes from workers, soldiers, and a queen. 25246537 5 47 theme polysaccharide 1178:1191 arg1 decomposition 1193:1205 polysaccharide decomposition 1178:1205 polysaccharide decomposition 1178:1205 This apparent division of labor is consistent with the Macrotermes gut microbes being most important during the second passage of comb material through the termite gut, after a first gut passage where the crude plant substrate is inoculated with Termitomyces asexual spores so that initial fungal growth and polysaccharide decomposition can proceed with high efficiency. 25246537 3 48 theme Termitomyces 505:516 arg1 symbiont 518:525 its Termitomyces symbiont 501:525 its Termitomyces symbiont 501:525 We obtained high-quality annotated draft genomes of the termite Macrotermes natalensis, its Termitomyces symbiont, and gut metagenomes from workers, soldiers, and a queen. 25246537 6 49 theme complementary 1331:1343 arg1 cooperation 1345:1355 complementary cooperation 1331:1355 complementary cooperation between a domesticated fungal monoculture and a specialized bacterial community 1331:1435 Complex conversion of biomass in termite mounds thus appears to be mainly accomplished by complementary cooperation between a domesticated fungal monoculture and a specialized bacterial community. 25246537 4 50 theme known 626:630 arg1 families 652:659 the 128 known glycoside hydrolase families 618:659 the 128 known glycoside hydrolase families 618:659 We show that members from 111 of the 128 known glycoside hydrolase families are represented in the symbiosis, that Termitomyces has the genomic capacity to handle complex carbohydrates, and that worker gut microbes primarily contribute enzymes for final digestion of oligosaccharides. 25246537 6 51 theme Complex 1241:1247 arg1 conversion 1249:1258 Complex conversion 1241:1258 Complex conversion of biomass in termite mounds 1241:1287 Complex conversion of biomass in termite mounds thus appears to be mainly accomplished by complementary cooperation between a domesticated fungal monoculture and a specialized bacterial community. 25246537 4 52 theme families 652:659 arg1 111 611:613 111 611:613 111 of the 128 known glycoside hydrolase families 611:659 We show that members from 111 of the 128 known glycoside hydrolase families are represented in the symbiosis, that Termitomyces has the genomic capacity to handle complex carbohydrates, and that worker gut microbes primarily contribute enzymes for final digestion of oligosaccharides. 25246537 1 53 theme own 230:232 arg1 food 234:237 their own food 224:237 their own food 224:237 Termites normally rely on gut symbionts to decompose organic matter but the Macrotermitinae domesticated Termitomyces fungi to produce their own food. 25246537 0 54 theme plant 40:44 arg1 decomposition 46:58 plant decomposition 40:58 plant decomposition 40:58 Complementary symbiont contributions to plant decomposition in a fungus-farming termite. 25246537 5 55 theme initial 1152:1158 arg1 growth 1167:1172 initial fungal growth 1152:1172 initial fungal growth 1152:1172 This apparent division of labor is consistent with the Macrotermes gut microbes being most important during the second passage of comb material through the termite gut, after a first gut passage where the crude plant substrate is inoculated with Termitomyces asexual spores so that initial fungal growth and polysaccharide decomposition can proceed with high efficiency. 25246537 7 56 theme mature 1555:1560 arg1 reproductives 1562:1574 mature reproductives 1555:1574 mature reproductives 1555:1574 In sharp contrast, the gut microbiota of the queen had highly reduced plant decomposition potential, suggesting that mature reproductives digest fungal material provided by workers rather than plant substrate. 25246537 3 57 theme draft 448:452 arg1 genomes 454:460 high-quality annotated draft genomes 425:460 high-quality annotated draft genomes of the termite Macrotermes natalensis, its Termitomyces symbiont, and gut metagenomes from workers, soldiers, and a queen 425:582 We obtained high-quality annotated draft genomes of the termite Macrotermes natalensis, its Termitomyces symbiont, and gut metagenomes from workers, soldiers, and a queen. 25246537 5 58 theme termite 1026:1032 arg1 gut 1034:1036 the termite gut 1022:1036 the termite gut 1022:1036 This apparent division of labor is consistent with the Macrotermes gut microbes being most important during the second passage of comb material through the termite gut, after a first gut passage where the crude plant substrate is inoculated with Termitomyces asexual spores so that initial fungal growth and polysaccharide decomposition can proceed with high efficiency. 25246537 2 59 theme complementary 333:345 arg1 roles 347:351 the complementary roles 329:351 the complementary roles of these bacteria in the symbiosis 329:386 This transition was accompanied by a shift in the composition of the gut microbiota, but the complementary roles of these bacteria in the symbiosis have remained enigmatic. 25246537 3 60 from soldiers 562:569 arg1 genomes 454:460 high-quality annotated draft genomes 425:460 high-quality annotated draft genomes of the termite Macrotermes natalensis, its Termitomyces symbiont, and gut metagenomes from workers, soldiers, and a queen 425:582 We obtained high-quality annotated draft genomes of the termite Macrotermes natalensis, its Termitomyces symbiont, and gut metagenomes from workers, soldiers, and a queen. 25246537 5 61 theme material 1005:1012 arg1 passage 989:995 the second passage 978:995 the second passage of comb material through the termite gut 978:1036 This apparent division of labor is consistent with the Macrotermes gut microbes being most important during the second passage of comb material through the termite gut, after a first gut passage where the crude plant substrate is inoculated with Termitomyces asexual spores so that initial fungal growth and polysaccharide decomposition can proceed with high efficiency. 25246537 3 62 theme natalensis 489:498 arg1 genomes 454:460 high-quality annotated draft genomes 425:460 high-quality annotated draft genomes of the termite Macrotermes natalensis, its Termitomyces symbiont, and gut metagenomes from workers, soldiers, and a queen 425:582 We obtained high-quality annotated draft genomes of the termite Macrotermes natalensis, its Termitomyces symbiont, and gut metagenomes from workers, soldiers, and a queen. 25246537 5 63 theme apparent 875:882 arg1 division 884:891 This apparent division 870:891 This apparent division of labor 870:900 This apparent division of labor is consistent with the Macrotermes gut microbes being most important during the second passage of comb material through the termite gut, after a first gut passage where the crude plant substrate is inoculated with Termitomyces asexual spores so that initial fungal growth and polysaccharide decomposition can proceed with high efficiency. 25246537 5 64 theme high 1224:1227 arg1 efficiency 1229:1238 high efficiency 1224:1238 high efficiency 1224:1238 This apparent division of labor is consistent with the Macrotermes gut microbes being most important during the second passage of comb material through the termite gut, after a first gut passage where the crude plant substrate is inoculated with Termitomyces asexual spores so that initial fungal growth and polysaccharide decomposition can proceed with high efficiency. 25246537 7 65 theme decomposition 1514:1526 arg1 potential 1528:1536 highly reduced plant decomposition potential 1493:1536 highly reduced plant decomposition potential 1493:1536 In sharp contrast, the gut microbiota of the queen had highly reduced plant decomposition potential, suggesting that mature reproductives digest fungal material provided by workers rather than plant substrate. 25246537 7 66 theme gut 1461:1463 arg1 microbiota 1465:1474 the gut microbiota 1457:1474 the gut microbiota of the queen 1457:1487 In sharp contrast, the gut microbiota of the queen had highly reduced plant decomposition potential, suggesting that mature reproductives digest fungal material provided by workers rather than plant substrate. 25246537 1 67 theme organic 142:148 arg1 matter 150:155 organic matter 142:155 organic matter 142:155 Termites normally rely on gut symbionts to decompose organic matter but the Macrotermitinae domesticated Termitomyces fungi to produce their own food. 25246537 7 68 theme plant 1631:1635 arg1 substrate 1637:1645 plant substrate 1631:1645 fungal material provided by workers rather than plant substrate 1583:1645 In sharp contrast, the gut microbiota of the queen had highly reduced plant decomposition potential, suggesting that mature reproductives digest fungal material provided by workers rather than plant substrate. 25246537 4 69 from 111 611:613 arg1 members 598:604 members 598:604 members from 111 of the 128 known glycoside hydrolase families 598:659 We show that members from 111 of the 128 known glycoside hydrolase families are represented in the symbiosis, that Termitomyces has the genomic capacity to handle complex carbohydrates, and that worker gut microbes primarily contribute enzymes for final digestion of oligosaccharides. 25246537 5 70 theme first 1047:1051 arg1 passage 1057:1063 a first gut passage 1045:1063 a first gut passage where the crude plant substrate is inoculated with Termitomyces asexual spores so that initial fungal growth and polysaccharide decomposition can proceed with high efficiency 1045:1238 This apparent division of labor is consistent with the Macrotermes gut microbes being most important during the second passage of comb material through the termite gut, after a first gut passage where the crude plant substrate is inoculated with Termitomyces asexual spores so that initial fungal growth and polysaccharide decomposition can proceed with high efficiency. 25246537 4 71 theme gut 787:789 arg1 microbes 791:798 worker gut microbes 780:798 worker gut microbes 780:798 We show that members from 111 of the 128 known glycoside hydrolase families are represented in the symbiosis, that Termitomyces has the genomic capacity to handle complex carbohydrates, and that worker gut microbes primarily contribute enzymes for final digestion of oligosaccharides. 25246537 4 72 theme glycoside 632:640 arg1 families 652:659 the 128 known glycoside hydrolase families 618:659 the 128 known glycoside hydrolase families 618:659 We show that members from 111 of the 128 known glycoside hydrolase families are represented in the symbiosis, that Termitomyces has the genomic capacity to handle complex carbohydrates, and that worker gut microbes primarily contribute enzymes for final digestion of oligosaccharides. 25246537 6 73 theme specialized 1405:1415 arg1 community 1427:1435 a specialized bacterial community 1403:1435 a specialized bacterial community 1403:1435 Complex conversion of biomass in termite mounds thus appears to be mainly accomplished by complementary cooperation between a domesticated fungal monoculture and a specialized bacterial community. 25246537 7 74 theme reduced 1500:1506 arg1 potential 1528:1536 highly reduced plant decomposition potential 1493:1536 highly reduced plant decomposition potential 1493:1536 In sharp contrast, the gut microbiota of the queen had highly reduced plant decomposition potential, suggesting that mature reproductives digest fungal material provided by workers rather than plant substrate. 25246537 4 75 theme worker 780:785 arg1 microbes 791:798 worker gut microbes 780:798 worker gut microbes 780:798 We show that members from 111 of the 128 known glycoside hydrolase families are represented in the symbiosis, that Termitomyces has the genomic capacity to handle complex carbohydrates, and that worker gut microbes primarily contribute enzymes for final digestion of oligosaccharides. 25246537 2 76 theme bacteria 362:369 arg1 roles 347:351 the complementary roles 329:351 the complementary roles of these bacteria in the symbiosis 329:386 This transition was accompanied by a shift in the composition of the gut microbiota, but the complementary roles of these bacteria in the symbiosis have remained enigmatic. 25246537 6 77 theme fungal 1380:1385 arg1 monoculture 1387:1397 a domesticated fungal monoculture 1365:1397 a domesticated fungal monoculture 1365:1397 Complex conversion of biomass in termite mounds thus appears to be mainly accomplished by complementary cooperation between a domesticated fungal monoculture and a specialized bacterial community. 27770394 6 0 theme composite 1266:1274 arg1 scaffolds 1276:1284 porous composite scaffolds 1259:1284 porous composite scaffolds 1259:1284 Contrary to above in the higher cytotoxicity origin untreated nanohydroxyapatite films and porous composite scaffolds. 27770394 1 1 theme defects 330:336 arg1 reconstruction 293:306 reconstruction 293:306 reconstruction of deeper subchondral defects 293:336 Polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites are interesting biomaterials for utilization in regenerative medicine and they may by applied in reconstruction of deeper subchondral defects. 27770394 2 2 from influence 403:411 arg1 composites 485:494 calcium phosphate/chitosan based composites 452:494 calcium phosphate/chitosan based composites 452:494 Insufficient informations were found in recent papers about the influence of lysozyme degradation of chitosan in calcium phosphate/chitosan based composites on in vitro cytotoxicity and proliferation activity of osteoblasts. 27770394 2 2 from influence 403:411 arg1 activity 539:546 in vitro cytotoxicity and proliferation activity 499:546 in vitro cytotoxicity and proliferation activity of osteoblasts 499:561 Insufficient informations were found in recent papers about the influence of lysozyme degradation of chitosan in calcium phosphate/chitosan based composites on in vitro cytotoxicity and proliferation activity of osteoblasts. 27770394 3 3 theme osteoblasts 612:622 arg1 proliferation 624:636 osteoblasts proliferation 612:636 osteoblasts proliferation 612:636 The effect of enzymatic chitosan degradation on osteoblasts proliferation was studied on composite films in which the porosity of origin 3D scaffolds was eliminated and the surface texture was modified. 27770394 5 4 theme low 1086:1088 arg1 LMWC 1118:1121 LMWC 1118:1121 LMWC 1118:1121 No cytotoxicity of composite films prepared from lysozyme degraded scaffolds containing a large fraction of low molecular weight chitosans (LMWC), was revealed after 10 days of cultivation. 27770394 5 4 theme low 1086:1088 arg1 chitosans 1107:1115 low molecular weight chitosans 1086:1115 low molecular weight chitosans (LMWC) 1086:1122 No cytotoxicity of composite films prepared from lysozyme degraded scaffolds containing a large fraction of low molecular weight chitosans (LMWC), was revealed after 10 days of cultivation. 27770394 3 5 theme composite 653:661 arg1 films 663:667 composite films 653:667 composite films in which the porosity of origin 3D scaffolds was eliminated and the surface texture was modified 653:764 The effect of enzymatic chitosan degradation on osteoblasts proliferation was studied on composite films in which the porosity of origin 3D scaffolds was eliminated and the surface texture was modified. 27770394 1 6 theme regenerative 244:255 arg1 medicine 257:264 regenerative medicine 244:264 regenerative medicine 244:264 Polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites are interesting biomaterials for utilization in regenerative medicine and they may by applied in reconstruction of deeper subchondral defects. 27770394 7 7 from degradation 1460:1470 arg1 films 1485:1489 composite films 1475:1489 composite films 1475:1489 The results showed that the synergistic effect of surface distribution, morphology of nanohydroxyapatite particles, microtopography and the presence of LMWC due to chitosan degradation in composite films were responsible for compensation of the cytotoxicity of nanohydroxyapatite composite films or porous composite scaffolds. 27770394 4 8 theme proliferation 794:806 arg1 activity 808:815 The significantly enhanced proliferation activity 767:815 The significantly enhanced proliferation activity with faster population growth of osteoblasts 767:860 The significantly enhanced proliferation activity with faster population growth of osteoblasts were found on enzymatically degraded biopolymer composite films with α-tricalcium phosphate and nanohydroxyapatite. 27770394 2 9 theme recent 379:384 arg1 papers 386:391 recent papers 379:391 recent papers 379:391 Insufficient informations were found in recent papers about the influence of lysozyme degradation of chitosan in calcium phosphate/chitosan based composites on in vitro cytotoxicity and proliferation activity of osteoblasts. 27770394 5 10 theme films 1007:1011 arg1 cytotoxicity 981:992 No cytotoxicity 978:992 No cytotoxicity 978:992 No cytotoxicity of composite films prepared from lysozyme degraded scaffolds containing a large fraction of low molecular weight chitosans (LMWC), was revealed after 10 days of cultivation. 27770394 1 11 theme phosphate 175:183 arg1 composites 185:194 Polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites 138:194 Polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites 138:194 Polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites are interesting biomaterials for utilization in regenerative medicine and they may by applied in reconstruction of deeper subchondral defects. 27770394 1 11 theme phosphate 175:183 arg1 biomaterials 212:223 interesting biomaterials 200:223 interesting biomaterials for utilization in regenerative medicine 200:264 Polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites are interesting biomaterials for utilization in regenerative medicine and they may by applied in reconstruction of deeper subchondral defects. 27770394 7 12 theme composite 1593:1601 arg1 scaffolds 1603:1611 porous composite scaffolds 1586:1611 porous composite scaffolds 1586:1611 The results showed that the synergistic effect of surface distribution, morphology of nanohydroxyapatite particles, microtopography and the presence of LMWC due to chitosan degradation in composite films were responsible for compensation of the cytotoxicity of nanohydroxyapatite composite films or porous composite scaffolds. 27770394 7 13 theme surface 1337:1343 arg1 distribution 1345:1356 surface distribution 1337:1356 surface distribution 1337:1356 The results showed that the synergistic effect of surface distribution, morphology of nanohydroxyapatite particles, microtopography and the presence of LMWC due to chitosan degradation in composite films were responsible for compensation of the cytotoxicity of nanohydroxyapatite composite films or porous composite scaffolds. 27770394 3 14 theme 3D 701:702 arg1 scaffolds 704:712 origin 3D scaffolds 694:712 origin 3D scaffolds 694:712 The effect of enzymatic chitosan degradation on osteoblasts proliferation was studied on composite films in which the porosity of origin 3D scaffolds was eliminated and the surface texture was modified. 27770394 5 15 theme molecular 1090:1098 arg1 LMWC 1118:1121 LMWC 1118:1121 LMWC 1118:1121 No cytotoxicity of composite films prepared from lysozyme degraded scaffolds containing a large fraction of low molecular weight chitosans (LMWC), was revealed after 10 days of cultivation. 27770394 5 15 theme molecular 1090:1098 arg1 chitosans 1107:1115 low molecular weight chitosans 1086:1115 low molecular weight chitosans (LMWC) 1086:1122 No cytotoxicity of composite films prepared from lysozyme degraded scaffolds containing a large fraction of low molecular weight chitosans (LMWC), was revealed after 10 days of cultivation. 27770394 7 16 theme composite 1567:1575 arg1 films 1577:1581 nanohydroxyapatite composite films 1548:1581 nanohydroxyapatite composite films 1548:1581 The results showed that the synergistic effect of surface distribution, morphology of nanohydroxyapatite particles, microtopography and the presence of LMWC due to chitosan degradation in composite films were responsible for compensation of the cytotoxicity of nanohydroxyapatite composite films or porous composite scaffolds. 27770394 3 17 theme surface 737:743 arg1 texture 745:751 the surface texture 733:751 the surface texture 733:751 The effect of enzymatic chitosan degradation on osteoblasts proliferation was studied on composite films in which the porosity of origin 3D scaffolds was eliminated and the surface texture was modified. 27770394 5 18 theme chitosans 1107:1115 arg1 fraction 1074:1081 a large fraction 1066:1081 a large fraction of low molecular weight chitosans (LMWC) 1066:1122 No cytotoxicity of composite films prepared from lysozyme degraded scaffolds containing a large fraction of low molecular weight chitosans (LMWC), was revealed after 10 days of cultivation. 27770394 7 19 theme presence 1427:1434 arg1 effect 1327:1332 the synergistic effect 1311:1332 the synergistic effect of surface distribution, morphology of nanohydroxyapatite particles, microtopography and the presence of LMWC due to chitosan degradation in composite films 1311:1489 The results showed that the synergistic effect of surface distribution, morphology of nanohydroxyapatite particles, microtopography and the presence of LMWC due to chitosan degradation in composite films were responsible for compensation of the cytotoxicity of nanohydroxyapatite composite films or porous composite scaffolds. 27770394 7 19 theme presence 1427:1434 arg1 responsible 1496:1506 responsible 1496:1506 responsible 1496:1506 The results showed that the synergistic effect of surface distribution, morphology of nanohydroxyapatite particles, microtopography and the presence of LMWC due to chitosan degradation in composite films were responsible for compensation of the cytotoxicity of nanohydroxyapatite composite films or porous composite scaffolds. 27770394 7 20 theme distribution 1345:1356 arg1 effect 1327:1332 the synergistic effect 1311:1332 the synergistic effect of surface distribution, morphology of nanohydroxyapatite particles, microtopography and the presence of LMWC due to chitosan degradation in composite films 1311:1489 The results showed that the synergistic effect of surface distribution, morphology of nanohydroxyapatite particles, microtopography and the presence of LMWC due to chitosan degradation in composite films were responsible for compensation of the cytotoxicity of nanohydroxyapatite composite films or porous composite scaffolds. 27770394 7 20 theme distribution 1345:1356 arg1 responsible 1496:1506 responsible 1496:1506 responsible 1496:1506 The results showed that the synergistic effect of surface distribution, morphology of nanohydroxyapatite particles, microtopography and the presence of LMWC due to chitosan degradation in composite films were responsible for compensation of the cytotoxicity of nanohydroxyapatite composite films or porous composite scaffolds. 27770394 5 21 theme large 1068:1072 arg1 fraction 1074:1081 a large fraction 1066:1081 a large fraction of low molecular weight chitosans (LMWC) 1066:1122 No cytotoxicity of composite films prepared from lysozyme degraded scaffolds containing a large fraction of low molecular weight chitosans (LMWC), was revealed after 10 days of cultivation. 27770394 4 22 theme population 829:838 arg1 growth 840:845 faster population growth 822:845 faster population growth of osteoblasts 822:860 The significantly enhanced proliferation activity with faster population growth of osteoblasts were found on enzymatically degraded biopolymer composite films with α-tricalcium phosphate and nanohydroxyapatite. 27770394 0 23 from Effect 0:5 arg1 response 128:135 in vitro osteoblast response 108:135 in vitro osteoblast response 108:135 Effect of enzymatic degradation of chitosan in polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites on in vitro osteoblast response. 27770394 0 23 from Effect 0:5 arg1 composites 94:103 polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites 47:103 polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites 47:103 Effect of enzymatic degradation of chitosan in polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites on in vitro osteoblast response. 27770394 4 24 theme composite 910:918 arg1 films 920:924 enzymatically degraded biopolymer composite films 876:924 enzymatically degraded biopolymer composite films with α-tricalcium phosphate and nanohydroxyapatite 876:975 The significantly enhanced proliferation activity with faster population growth of osteoblasts were found on enzymatically degraded biopolymer composite films with α-tricalcium phosphate and nanohydroxyapatite. 27770394 7 25 theme LMWC 1439:1442 arg1 distribution 1345:1356 surface distribution 1337:1356 surface distribution 1337:1356 The results showed that the synergistic effect of surface distribution, morphology of nanohydroxyapatite particles, microtopography and the presence of LMWC due to chitosan degradation in composite films were responsible for compensation of the cytotoxicity of nanohydroxyapatite composite films or porous composite scaffolds. 27770394 7 25 theme LMWC 1439:1442 arg1 presence 1427:1434 the presence 1423:1434 the presence of LMWC due to chitosan degradation in composite films 1423:1489 The results showed that the synergistic effect of surface distribution, morphology of nanohydroxyapatite particles, microtopography and the presence of LMWC due to chitosan degradation in composite films were responsible for compensation of the cytotoxicity of nanohydroxyapatite composite films or porous composite scaffolds. 27770394 7 25 theme LMWC 1439:1442 arg1 microtopography 1403:1417 microtopography 1403:1417 microtopography 1403:1417 The results showed that the synergistic effect of surface distribution, morphology of nanohydroxyapatite particles, microtopography and the presence of LMWC due to chitosan degradation in composite films were responsible for compensation of the cytotoxicity of nanohydroxyapatite composite films or porous composite scaffolds. 27770394 7 25 theme LMWC 1439:1442 arg1 morphology 1359:1368 morphology 1359:1368 morphology of nanohydroxyapatite particles 1359:1400 The results showed that the synergistic effect of surface distribution, morphology of nanohydroxyapatite particles, microtopography and the presence of LMWC due to chitosan degradation in composite films were responsible for compensation of the cytotoxicity of nanohydroxyapatite composite films or porous composite scaffolds. 27770394 7 26 theme nanohydroxyapatite 1373:1390 arg1 particles 1392:1400 nanohydroxyapatite particles 1373:1400 nanohydroxyapatite particles 1373:1400 The results showed that the synergistic effect of surface distribution, morphology of nanohydroxyapatite particles, microtopography and the presence of LMWC due to chitosan degradation in composite films were responsible for compensation of the cytotoxicity of nanohydroxyapatite composite films or porous composite scaffolds. 27770394 7 27 theme cytotoxicity 1532:1543 arg1 compensation 1512:1523 compensation 1512:1523 compensation of the cytotoxicity of nanohydroxyapatite composite films or porous composite scaffolds 1512:1611 The results showed that the synergistic effect of surface distribution, morphology of nanohydroxyapatite particles, microtopography and the presence of LMWC due to chitosan degradation in composite films were responsible for compensation of the cytotoxicity of nanohydroxyapatite composite films or porous composite scaffolds. 27770394 2 28 theme osteoblasts 551:561 arg1 activity 539:546 in vitro cytotoxicity and proliferation activity 499:546 in vitro cytotoxicity and proliferation activity of osteoblasts 499:561 Insufficient informations were found in recent papers about the influence of lysozyme degradation of chitosan in calcium phosphate/chitosan based composites on in vitro cytotoxicity and proliferation activity of osteoblasts. 27770394 2 29 theme based 479:483 arg1 composites 485:494 calcium phosphate/chitosan based composites 452:494 calcium phosphate/chitosan based composites 452:494 Insufficient informations were found in recent papers about the influence of lysozyme degradation of chitosan in calcium phosphate/chitosan based composites on in vitro cytotoxicity and proliferation activity of osteoblasts. 27770394 7 30 theme morphology 1359:1368 arg1 effect 1327:1332 the synergistic effect 1311:1332 the synergistic effect of surface distribution, morphology of nanohydroxyapatite particles, microtopography and the presence of LMWC due to chitosan degradation in composite films 1311:1489 The results showed that the synergistic effect of surface distribution, morphology of nanohydroxyapatite particles, microtopography and the presence of LMWC due to chitosan degradation in composite films were responsible for compensation of the cytotoxicity of nanohydroxyapatite composite films or porous composite scaffolds. 27770394 7 30 theme morphology 1359:1368 arg1 responsible 1496:1506 responsible 1496:1506 responsible 1496:1506 The results showed that the synergistic effect of surface distribution, morphology of nanohydroxyapatite particles, microtopography and the presence of LMWC due to chitosan degradation in composite films were responsible for compensation of the cytotoxicity of nanohydroxyapatite composite films or porous composite scaffolds. 27770394 6 31 theme untreated 1220:1228 arg1 films 1249:1253 the higher cytotoxicity origin untreated nanohydroxyapatite films 1189:1253 the higher cytotoxicity origin untreated nanohydroxyapatite films 1189:1253 Contrary to above in the higher cytotoxicity origin untreated nanohydroxyapatite films and porous composite scaffolds. 27770394 4 32 theme degraded 890:897 arg1 films 920:924 enzymatically degraded biopolymer composite films 876:924 enzymatically degraded biopolymer composite films with α-tricalcium phosphate and nanohydroxyapatite 876:975 The significantly enhanced proliferation activity with faster population growth of osteoblasts were found on enzymatically degraded biopolymer composite films with α-tricalcium phosphate and nanohydroxyapatite. 27770394 0 33 theme enzymatic 10:18 arg1 degradation 20:30 enzymatic degradation 10:30 enzymatic degradation of chitosan in polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites 10:103 Effect of enzymatic degradation of chitosan in polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites on in vitro osteoblast response. 27770394 6 34 theme cytotoxicity 1200:1211 arg1 films 1249:1253 the higher cytotoxicity origin untreated nanohydroxyapatite films 1189:1253 the higher cytotoxicity origin untreated nanohydroxyapatite films 1189:1253 Contrary to above in the higher cytotoxicity origin untreated nanohydroxyapatite films and porous composite scaffolds. 27770394 4 35 located found 867:871 arg2 activity 808:815 The significantly enhanced proliferation activity 767:815 The significantly enhanced proliferation activity with faster population growth of osteoblasts 767:860 The significantly enhanced proliferation activity with faster population growth of osteoblasts were found on enzymatically degraded biopolymer composite films with α-tricalcium phosphate and nanohydroxyapatite. 27770394 4 35 located found 867:871 arg1 films 920:924 enzymatically degraded biopolymer composite films 876:924 enzymatically degraded biopolymer composite films with α-tricalcium phosphate and nanohydroxyapatite 876:975 The significantly enhanced proliferation activity with faster population growth of osteoblasts were found on enzymatically degraded biopolymer composite films with α-tricalcium phosphate and nanohydroxyapatite. 27770394 0 36 theme phosphate 84:92 arg1 composites 94:103 polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites 47:103 polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites 47:103 Effect of enzymatic degradation of chitosan in polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites on in vitro osteoblast response. 27770394 2 37 theme degradation 425:435 arg1 influence 403:411 the influence 399:411 the influence of lysozyme degradation of chitosan in calcium phosphate/chitosan based composites on in vitro cytotoxicity and proliferation activity of osteoblasts 399:561 Insufficient informations were found in recent papers about the influence of lysozyme degradation of chitosan in calcium phosphate/chitosan based composites on in vitro cytotoxicity and proliferation activity of osteoblasts. 27770394 7 38 theme synergistic 1315:1325 arg1 effect 1327:1332 the synergistic effect 1311:1332 the synergistic effect of surface distribution, morphology of nanohydroxyapatite particles, microtopography and the presence of LMWC due to chitosan degradation in composite films 1311:1489 The results showed that the synergistic effect of surface distribution, morphology of nanohydroxyapatite particles, microtopography and the presence of LMWC due to chitosan degradation in composite films were responsible for compensation of the cytotoxicity of nanohydroxyapatite composite films or porous composite scaffolds. 27770394 7 38 theme synergistic 1315:1325 arg1 responsible 1496:1506 responsible 1496:1506 responsible 1496:1506 The results showed that the synergistic effect of surface distribution, morphology of nanohydroxyapatite particles, microtopography and the presence of LMWC due to chitosan degradation in composite films were responsible for compensation of the cytotoxicity of nanohydroxyapatite composite films or porous composite scaffolds. 27770394 7 39 theme composite 1475:1483 arg1 films 1485:1489 composite films 1475:1489 composite films 1475:1489 The results showed that the synergistic effect of surface distribution, morphology of nanohydroxyapatite particles, microtopography and the presence of LMWC due to chitosan degradation in composite films were responsible for compensation of the cytotoxicity of nanohydroxyapatite composite films or porous composite scaffolds. 27770394 1 40 dep by 279:280 arg1 applied 282:288 applied 282:288 applied in reconstruction of deeper subchondral defects 282:336 Polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites are interesting biomaterials for utilization in regenerative medicine and they may by applied in reconstruction of deeper subchondral defects. 27770394 3 41 theme enzymatic 578:586 arg1 degradation 597:607 enzymatic chitosan degradation 578:607 enzymatic chitosan degradation 578:607 The effect of enzymatic chitosan degradation on osteoblasts proliferation was studied on composite films in which the porosity of origin 3D scaffolds was eliminated and the surface texture was modified. 27770394 2 42 theme calcium 452:458 arg1 composites 485:494 calcium phosphate/chitosan based composites 452:494 calcium phosphate/chitosan based composites 452:494 Insufficient informations were found in recent papers about the influence of lysozyme degradation of chitosan in calcium phosphate/chitosan based composites on in vitro cytotoxicity and proliferation activity of osteoblasts. 27770394 5 43 theme degraded 1036:1043 arg1 scaffolds 1045:1053 lysozyme degraded scaffolds 1027:1053 lysozyme degraded scaffolds containing a large fraction of low molecular weight chitosans (LMWC) 1027:1122 No cytotoxicity of composite films prepared from lysozyme degraded scaffolds containing a large fraction of low molecular weight chitosans (LMWC), was revealed after 10 days of cultivation. 27770394 7 44 theme microtopography 1403:1417 arg1 effect 1327:1332 the synergistic effect 1311:1332 the synergistic effect of surface distribution, morphology of nanohydroxyapatite particles, microtopography and the presence of LMWC due to chitosan degradation in composite films 1311:1489 The results showed that the synergistic effect of surface distribution, morphology of nanohydroxyapatite particles, microtopography and the presence of LMWC due to chitosan degradation in composite films were responsible for compensation of the cytotoxicity of nanohydroxyapatite composite films or porous composite scaffolds. 27770394 7 44 theme microtopography 1403:1417 arg1 responsible 1496:1506 responsible 1496:1506 responsible 1496:1506 The results showed that the synergistic effect of surface distribution, morphology of nanohydroxyapatite particles, microtopography and the presence of LMWC due to chitosan degradation in composite films were responsible for compensation of the cytotoxicity of nanohydroxyapatite composite films or porous composite scaffolds. 27770394 6 45 from scaffolds 1276:1284 arg1 above 1180:1184 above 1180:1184 above 1180:1184 Contrary to above in the higher cytotoxicity origin untreated nanohydroxyapatite films and porous composite scaffolds. 27770394 2 46 theme chitosan 440:447 arg1 degradation 425:435 lysozyme degradation 416:435 lysozyme degradation of chitosan in calcium phosphate/chitosan based composites 416:494 Insufficient informations were found in recent papers about the influence of lysozyme degradation of chitosan in calcium phosphate/chitosan based composites on in vitro cytotoxicity and proliferation activity of osteoblasts. 27770394 1 47 theme subchondral 318:328 arg1 defects 330:336 deeper subchondral defects 311:336 deeper subchondral defects 311:336 Polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites are interesting biomaterials for utilization in regenerative medicine and they may by applied in reconstruction of deeper subchondral defects. 27770394 6 48 theme porous 1259:1264 arg1 scaffolds 1276:1284 porous composite scaffolds 1259:1284 porous composite scaffolds 1259:1284 Contrary to above in the higher cytotoxicity origin untreated nanohydroxyapatite films and porous composite scaffolds. 27770394 2 49 from degradation 425:435 arg1 composites 485:494 calcium phosphate/chitosan based composites 452:494 calcium phosphate/chitosan based composites 452:494 Insufficient informations were found in recent papers about the influence of lysozyme degradation of chitosan in calcium phosphate/chitosan based composites on in vitro cytotoxicity and proliferation activity of osteoblasts. 27770394 3 50 theme degradation 597:607 arg1 effect 568:573 The effect 564:573 The effect of enzymatic chitosan degradation on osteoblasts proliferation 564:636 The effect of enzymatic chitosan degradation on osteoblasts proliferation was studied on composite films in which the porosity of origin 3D scaffolds was eliminated and the surface texture was modified. 27770394 6 51 from films 1249:1253 arg1 above 1180:1184 above 1180:1184 above 1180:1184 Contrary to above in the higher cytotoxicity origin untreated nanohydroxyapatite films and porous composite scaffolds. 27770394 4 52 with activity 808:815 arg1 growth 840:845 faster population growth 822:845 faster population growth of osteoblasts 822:860 The significantly enhanced proliferation activity with faster population growth of osteoblasts were found on enzymatically degraded biopolymer composite films with α-tricalcium phosphate and nanohydroxyapatite. 27770394 4 53 theme enhanced 785:792 arg1 activity 808:815 The significantly enhanced proliferation activity 767:815 The significantly enhanced proliferation activity with faster population growth of osteoblasts 767:860 The significantly enhanced proliferation activity with faster population growth of osteoblasts were found on enzymatically degraded biopolymer composite films with α-tricalcium phosphate and nanohydroxyapatite. 27770394 4 54 with films 920:924 arg1 nanohydroxyapatite 958:975 nanohydroxyapatite 958:975 nanohydroxyapatite 958:975 The significantly enhanced proliferation activity with faster population growth of osteoblasts were found on enzymatically degraded biopolymer composite films with α-tricalcium phosphate and nanohydroxyapatite. 27770394 4 54 with films 920:924 arg1 phosphate 944:952 α-tricalcium phosphate 931:952 α-tricalcium phosphate 931:952 The significantly enhanced proliferation activity with faster population growth of osteoblasts were found on enzymatically degraded biopolymer composite films with α-tricalcium phosphate and nanohydroxyapatite. 27770394 5 55 theme composite 997:1005 arg1 films 1007:1011 composite films 997:1011 composite films prepared from lysozyme degraded scaffolds containing a large fraction of low molecular weight chitosans (LMWC) 997:1122 No cytotoxicity of composite films prepared from lysozyme degraded scaffolds containing a large fraction of low molecular weight chitosans (LMWC), was revealed after 10 days of cultivation. 27770394 3 56 theme scaffolds 704:712 arg1 porosity 682:689 the porosity 678:689 the porosity of origin 3D scaffolds 678:712 The effect of enzymatic chitosan degradation on osteoblasts proliferation was studied on composite films in which the porosity of origin 3D scaffolds was eliminated and the surface texture was modified. 27770394 0 57 from composites 94:103 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of enzymatic degradation of chitosan in polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites on in vitro osteoblast response. 0:136 Effect of enzymatic degradation of chitosan in polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites on in vitro osteoblast response. 27770394 7 58 theme scaffolds 1603:1611 arg1 cytotoxicity 1532:1543 the cytotoxicity 1528:1543 the cytotoxicity of nanohydroxyapatite composite films or porous composite scaffolds 1528:1611 The results showed that the synergistic effect of surface distribution, morphology of nanohydroxyapatite particles, microtopography and the presence of LMWC due to chitosan degradation in composite films were responsible for compensation of the cytotoxicity of nanohydroxyapatite composite films or porous composite scaffolds. 27770394 7 59 theme particles 1392:1400 arg1 distribution 1345:1356 surface distribution 1337:1356 surface distribution 1337:1356 The results showed that the synergistic effect of surface distribution, morphology of nanohydroxyapatite particles, microtopography and the presence of LMWC due to chitosan degradation in composite films were responsible for compensation of the cytotoxicity of nanohydroxyapatite composite films or porous composite scaffolds. 27770394 7 59 theme particles 1392:1400 arg1 presence 1427:1434 the presence 1423:1434 the presence of LMWC due to chitosan degradation in composite films 1423:1489 The results showed that the synergistic effect of surface distribution, morphology of nanohydroxyapatite particles, microtopography and the presence of LMWC due to chitosan degradation in composite films were responsible for compensation of the cytotoxicity of nanohydroxyapatite composite films or porous composite scaffolds. 27770394 7 59 theme particles 1392:1400 arg1 microtopography 1403:1417 microtopography 1403:1417 microtopography 1403:1417 The results showed that the synergistic effect of surface distribution, morphology of nanohydroxyapatite particles, microtopography and the presence of LMWC due to chitosan degradation in composite films were responsible for compensation of the cytotoxicity of nanohydroxyapatite composite films or porous composite scaffolds. 27770394 7 59 theme particles 1392:1400 arg1 morphology 1359:1368 morphology 1359:1368 morphology of nanohydroxyapatite particles 1359:1400 The results showed that the synergistic effect of surface distribution, morphology of nanohydroxyapatite particles, microtopography and the presence of LMWC due to chitosan degradation in composite films were responsible for compensation of the cytotoxicity of nanohydroxyapatite composite films or porous composite scaffolds. 27770394 3 60 theme origin 694:699 arg1 scaffolds 704:712 origin 3D scaffolds 694:712 origin 3D scaffolds 694:712 The effect of enzymatic chitosan degradation on osteoblasts proliferation was studied on composite films in which the porosity of origin 3D scaffolds was eliminated and the surface texture was modified. 27770394 1 61 theme Polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium 138:173 arg1 composites 185:194 Polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites 138:194 Polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites 138:194 Polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites are interesting biomaterials for utilization in regenerative medicine and they may by applied in reconstruction of deeper subchondral defects. 27770394 1 61 theme Polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium 138:173 arg1 biomaterials 212:223 interesting biomaterials 200:223 interesting biomaterials for utilization in regenerative medicine 200:264 Polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites are interesting biomaterials for utilization in regenerative medicine and they may by applied in reconstruction of deeper subchondral defects. 27770394 7 62 theme porous 1586:1591 arg1 scaffolds 1603:1611 porous composite scaffolds 1586:1611 porous composite scaffolds 1586:1611 The results showed that the synergistic effect of surface distribution, morphology of nanohydroxyapatite particles, microtopography and the presence of LMWC due to chitosan degradation in composite films were responsible for compensation of the cytotoxicity of nanohydroxyapatite composite films or porous composite scaffolds. 27770394 2 63 theme Insufficient 339:350 arg1 informations 352:363 Insufficient informations 339:363 Insufficient informations 339:363 Insufficient informations were found in recent papers about the influence of lysozyme degradation of chitosan in calcium phosphate/chitosan based composites on in vitro cytotoxicity and proliferation activity of osteoblasts. 27770394 5 64 theme weight 1100:1105 arg1 LMWC 1118:1121 LMWC 1118:1121 LMWC 1118:1121 No cytotoxicity of composite films prepared from lysozyme degraded scaffolds containing a large fraction of low molecular weight chitosans (LMWC), was revealed after 10 days of cultivation. 27770394 5 64 theme weight 1100:1105 arg1 chitosans 1107:1115 low molecular weight chitosans 1086:1115 low molecular weight chitosans (LMWC) 1086:1122 No cytotoxicity of composite films prepared from lysozyme degraded scaffolds containing a large fraction of low molecular weight chitosans (LMWC), was revealed after 10 days of cultivation. 27770394 7 65 theme films 1577:1581 arg1 cytotoxicity 1532:1543 the cytotoxicity 1528:1543 the cytotoxicity of nanohydroxyapatite composite films or porous composite scaffolds 1528:1611 The results showed that the synergistic effect of surface distribution, morphology of nanohydroxyapatite particles, microtopography and the presence of LMWC due to chitosan degradation in composite films were responsible for compensation of the cytotoxicity of nanohydroxyapatite composite films or porous composite scaffolds. 27770394 4 66 theme osteoblasts 850:860 arg1 growth 840:845 faster population growth 822:845 faster population growth of osteoblasts 822:860 The significantly enhanced proliferation activity with faster population growth of osteoblasts were found on enzymatically degraded biopolymer composite films with α-tricalcium phosphate and nanohydroxyapatite. 27770394 1 67 theme interesting 200:210 arg1 composites 185:194 Polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites 138:194 Polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites 138:194 Polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites are interesting biomaterials for utilization in regenerative medicine and they may by applied in reconstruction of deeper subchondral defects. 27770394 1 67 theme interesting 200:210 arg1 biomaterials 212:223 interesting biomaterials 200:223 interesting biomaterials for utilization in regenerative medicine 200:264 Polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites are interesting biomaterials for utilization in regenerative medicine and they may by applied in reconstruction of deeper subchondral defects. 27770394 0 68 from degradation 20:30 arg1 composites 94:103 polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites 47:103 polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites 47:103 Effect of enzymatic degradation of chitosan in polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites on in vitro osteoblast response. 27770394 7 69 theme nanohydroxyapatite 1548:1565 arg1 films 1577:1581 nanohydroxyapatite composite films 1548:1581 nanohydroxyapatite composite films 1548:1581 The results showed that the synergistic effect of surface distribution, morphology of nanohydroxyapatite particles, microtopography and the presence of LMWC due to chitosan degradation in composite films were responsible for compensation of the cytotoxicity of nanohydroxyapatite composite films or porous composite scaffolds. 27770394 0 70 theme in 108:109 arg1 response 128:135 in vitro osteoblast response 108:135 in vitro osteoblast response 108:135 Effect of enzymatic degradation of chitosan in polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites on in vitro osteoblast response. 27770394 5 71 contain containing 1055:1064 arg1 scaffolds 1045:1053 lysozyme degraded scaffolds 1027:1053 lysozyme degraded scaffolds containing a large fraction of low molecular weight chitosans (LMWC) 1027:1122 No cytotoxicity of composite films prepared from lysozyme degraded scaffolds containing a large fraction of low molecular weight chitosans (LMWC), was revealed after 10 days of cultivation. 27770394 5 71 contain containing 1055:1064 arg2 fraction 1074:1081 a large fraction 1066:1081 a large fraction of low molecular weight chitosans (LMWC) 1066:1122 No cytotoxicity of composite films prepared from lysozyme degraded scaffolds containing a large fraction of low molecular weight chitosans (LMWC), was revealed after 10 days of cultivation. 27770394 4 72 theme faster 822:827 arg1 growth 840:845 faster population growth 822:845 faster population growth of osteoblasts 822:860 The significantly enhanced proliferation activity with faster population growth of osteoblasts were found on enzymatically degraded biopolymer composite films with α-tricalcium phosphate and nanohydroxyapatite. 27770394 0 73 theme osteoblast 117:126 arg1 response 128:135 in vitro osteoblast response 108:135 in vitro osteoblast response 108:135 Effect of enzymatic degradation of chitosan in polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites on in vitro osteoblast response. 27770394 6 74 from above 1180:1184 arg1 scaffolds 1276:1284 porous composite scaffolds 1259:1284 porous composite scaffolds 1259:1284 Contrary to above in the higher cytotoxicity origin untreated nanohydroxyapatite films and porous composite scaffolds. 27770394 6 74 from above 1180:1184 arg1 films 1249:1253 the higher cytotoxicity origin untreated nanohydroxyapatite films 1189:1253 the higher cytotoxicity origin untreated nanohydroxyapatite films 1189:1253 Contrary to above in the higher cytotoxicity origin untreated nanohydroxyapatite films and porous composite scaffolds. 27770394 4 75 theme biopolymer 899:908 arg1 films 920:924 enzymatically degraded biopolymer composite films 876:924 enzymatically degraded biopolymer composite films with α-tricalcium phosphate and nanohydroxyapatite 876:975 The significantly enhanced proliferation activity with faster population growth of osteoblasts were found on enzymatically degraded biopolymer composite films with α-tricalcium phosphate and nanohydroxyapatite. 27770394 1 76 from biomaterials 212:223 arg1 medicine 257:264 regenerative medicine 244:264 regenerative medicine 244:264 Polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites are interesting biomaterials for utilization in regenerative medicine and they may by applied in reconstruction of deeper subchondral defects. 27770394 0 77 dep in 108:109 arg1 vitro 111:115 vitro 111:115 vitro 111:115 Effect of enzymatic degradation of chitosan in polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites on in vitro osteoblast response. 27770394 6 78 theme nanohydroxyapatite 1230:1247 arg1 films 1249:1253 the higher cytotoxicity origin untreated nanohydroxyapatite films 1189:1253 the higher cytotoxicity origin untreated nanohydroxyapatite films 1189:1253 Contrary to above in the higher cytotoxicity origin untreated nanohydroxyapatite films and porous composite scaffolds. 27770394 2 79 theme phosphate/chitosan 460:477 arg1 composites 485:494 calcium phosphate/chitosan based composites 452:494 calcium phosphate/chitosan based composites 452:494 Insufficient informations were found in recent papers about the influence of lysozyme degradation of chitosan in calcium phosphate/chitosan based composites on in vitro cytotoxicity and proliferation activity of osteoblasts. 27770394 0 80 theme degradation 20:30 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of enzymatic degradation of chitosan in polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites on in vitro osteoblast response. 0:136 Effect of enzymatic degradation of chitosan in polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites on in vitro osteoblast response. 27770394 6 81 theme origin 1213:1218 arg1 films 1249:1253 the higher cytotoxicity origin untreated nanohydroxyapatite films 1189:1253 the higher cytotoxicity origin untreated nanohydroxyapatite films 1189:1253 Contrary to above in the higher cytotoxicity origin untreated nanohydroxyapatite films and porous composite scaffolds. 27770394 2 82 theme proliferation 525:537 arg1 activity 539:546 in vitro cytotoxicity and proliferation activity 499:546 in vitro cytotoxicity and proliferation activity of osteoblasts 499:561 Insufficient informations were found in recent papers about the influence of lysozyme degradation of chitosan in calcium phosphate/chitosan based composites on in vitro cytotoxicity and proliferation activity of osteoblasts. 27770394 2 83 theme cytotoxicity 508:519 arg1 activity 539:546 in vitro cytotoxicity and proliferation activity 499:546 in vitro cytotoxicity and proliferation activity of osteoblasts 499:561 Insufficient informations were found in recent papers about the influence of lysozyme degradation of chitosan in calcium phosphate/chitosan based composites on in vitro cytotoxicity and proliferation activity of osteoblasts. 27770394 0 84 theme chitosan 35:42 arg1 degradation 20:30 enzymatic degradation 10:30 enzymatic degradation of chitosan in polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites 10:103 Effect of enzymatic degradation of chitosan in polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites on in vitro osteoblast response. 27770394 6 85 theme higher 1193:1198 arg1 films 1249:1253 the higher cytotoxicity origin untreated nanohydroxyapatite films 1189:1253 the higher cytotoxicity origin untreated nanohydroxyapatite films 1189:1253 Contrary to above in the higher cytotoxicity origin untreated nanohydroxyapatite films and porous composite scaffolds. 27770394 2 86 located found 370:374 arg1 papers 386:391 recent papers 379:391 recent papers 379:391 Insufficient informations were found in recent papers about the influence of lysozyme degradation of chitosan in calcium phosphate/chitosan based composites on in vitro cytotoxicity and proliferation activity of osteoblasts. 27770394 2 86 located found 370:374 arg2 informations 352:363 Insufficient informations 339:363 Insufficient informations 339:363 Insufficient informations were found in recent papers about the influence of lysozyme degradation of chitosan in calcium phosphate/chitosan based composites on in vitro cytotoxicity and proliferation activity of osteoblasts. 27770394 2 87 dep in 499:500 arg1 vitro 502:506 vitro 502:506 vitro 502:506 Insufficient informations were found in recent papers about the influence of lysozyme degradation of chitosan in calcium phosphate/chitosan based composites on in vitro cytotoxicity and proliferation activity of osteoblasts. 27770394 2 88 theme in 499:500 arg1 cytotoxicity 508:519 in vitro cytotoxicity 499:519 in vitro cytotoxicity 499:519 Insufficient informations were found in recent papers about the influence of lysozyme degradation of chitosan in calcium phosphate/chitosan based composites on in vitro cytotoxicity and proliferation activity of osteoblasts. 27770394 0 89 theme polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium 47:82 arg1 composites 94:103 polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites 47:103 polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites 47:103 Effect of enzymatic degradation of chitosan in polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites on in vitro osteoblast response. 27770394 5 90 dep degraded 1036:1043 arg1 lysozyme 1027:1034 lysozyme 1027:1034 lysozyme 1027:1034 No cytotoxicity of composite films prepared from lysozyme degraded scaffolds containing a large fraction of low molecular weight chitosans (LMWC), was revealed after 10 days of cultivation. 27770394 3 91 from effect 568:573 arg1 proliferation 624:636 osteoblasts proliferation 612:636 osteoblasts proliferation 612:636 The effect of enzymatic chitosan degradation on osteoblasts proliferation was studied on composite films in which the porosity of origin 3D scaffolds was eliminated and the surface texture was modified. 27770394 2 92 theme lysozyme 416:423 arg1 degradation 425:435 lysozyme degradation 416:435 lysozyme degradation of chitosan in calcium phosphate/chitosan based composites 416:494 Insufficient informations were found in recent papers about the influence of lysozyme degradation of chitosan in calcium phosphate/chitosan based composites on in vitro cytotoxicity and proliferation activity of osteoblasts. 27770394 2 93 from composites 485:494 arg1 influence 403:411 the influence 399:411 the influence of lysozyme degradation of chitosan in calcium phosphate/chitosan based composites on in vitro cytotoxicity and proliferation activity of osteoblasts 399:561 Insufficient informations were found in recent papers about the influence of lysozyme degradation of chitosan in calcium phosphate/chitosan based composites on in vitro cytotoxicity and proliferation activity of osteoblasts. 27770394 7 94 theme chitosan 1451:1458 arg1 degradation 1460:1470 chitosan degradation 1451:1470 chitosan degradation in composite films 1451:1489 The results showed that the synergistic effect of surface distribution, morphology of nanohydroxyapatite particles, microtopography and the presence of LMWC due to chitosan degradation in composite films were responsible for compensation of the cytotoxicity of nanohydroxyapatite composite films or porous composite scaffolds. 27770394 4 95 theme α-tricalcium 931:942 arg1 phosphate 944:952 α-tricalcium phosphate 931:952 α-tricalcium phosphate 931:952 The significantly enhanced proliferation activity with faster population growth of osteoblasts were found on enzymatically degraded biopolymer composite films with α-tricalcium phosphate and nanohydroxyapatite. 27770394 3 96 theme chitosan 588:595 arg1 degradation 597:607 enzymatic chitosan degradation 578:607 enzymatic chitosan degradation 578:607 The effect of enzymatic chitosan degradation on osteoblasts proliferation was studied on composite films in which the porosity of origin 3D scaffolds was eliminated and the surface texture was modified. 27770394 5 97 theme cultivation 1155:1165 arg1 days 1147:1150 10 days 1144:1150 10 days of cultivation 1144:1165 No cytotoxicity of composite films prepared from lysozyme degraded scaffolds containing a large fraction of low molecular weight chitosans (LMWC), was revealed after 10 days of cultivation. 27770394 1 98 theme deeper 311:316 arg1 defects 330:336 deeper subchondral defects 311:336 deeper subchondral defects 311:336 Polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites are interesting biomaterials for utilization in regenerative medicine and they may by applied in reconstruction of deeper subchondral defects. 27531914 0 0 theme Gram-Negative 68:80 arg1 Bacteria 82:89 Gram-Negative Bacteria 68:89 Gram-Negative Bacteria 68:89 Outer Membrane Vesicle Biosynthesis in Salmonella: Is There More to Gram-Negative Bacteria? 27531914 5 1 theme OMV 835:837 arg1 production 839:848 OMV production 835:848 OMV production 835:848 That study showed that deacylation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) influences the level of OMV production and, furthermore, determines a sorting of high versus low acylated LPS in OMs and OMVs, respectively. 27531914 3 2 theme OMV 474:476 arg1 biogenesis 478:487 OMV biogenesis 474:487 OMV biogenesis 474:487 Until recently, research focused on hypothetical and empirical models that addressed the molecular mechanisms of OMV biogenesis, such as vesicles bulging from the OM in various ways. 27531914 5 3 theme high 892:895 arg1 LPS 917:919 high versus low acylated LPS 892:919 high versus low acylated LPS 892:919 That study showed that deacylation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) influences the level of OMV production and, furthermore, determines a sorting of high versus low acylated LPS in OMs and OMVs, respectively. 27531914 3 4 from bulging 507:513 arg1 vesicles 498:505 vesicles 498:505 vesicles bulging from the OM in various ways 498:541 Until recently, research focused on hypothetical and empirical models that addressed the molecular mechanisms of OMV biogenesis, such as vesicles bulging from the OM in various ways. 27531914 6 5 theme best 1094:1097 arg1 compositions 1102:1113 best OM compositions 1094:1113 best OM compositions for S Typhimurium 1094:1131 Interestingly, deacylation may inversely correlate with other LPS modifications, suggesting some synergy toward optimized host resistance via best OM compositions for S Typhimurium. 27531914 4 6 theme OMV 688:690 arg1 biogenesis 692:701 OMV biogenesis 688:701 OMV biogenesis of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium 688:744 The recently reported study by Elhenawy et al. (mBio 7:e00940-16, 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00940-16) provided further insights into OMV biogenesis of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. 27531914 5 7 from OMs 924:926 arg1 sorting 881:887 a sorting 879:887 a sorting of high versus low acylated LPS in OMs and OMVs, respectively 879:949 That study showed that deacylation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) influences the level of OMV production and, furthermore, determines a sorting of high versus low acylated LPS in OMs and OMVs, respectively. 27531914 6 8 theme optimized 1064:1072 arg1 resistance 1079:1088 optimized host resistance 1064:1088 optimized host resistance 1064:1088 Interestingly, deacylation may inversely correlate with other LPS modifications, suggesting some synergy toward optimized host resistance via best OM compositions for S Typhimurium. 27531914 6 9 theme other 1008:1012 arg1 modifications 1018:1030 other LPS modifications 1008:1030 other LPS modifications 1008:1030 Interestingly, deacylation may inversely correlate with other LPS modifications, suggesting some synergy toward optimized host resistance via best OM compositions for S Typhimurium. 27531914 5 10 theme low 904:906 arg1 LPS 917:919 high versus low acylated LPS 892:919 high versus low acylated LPS 892:919 That study showed that deacylation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) influences the level of OMV production and, furthermore, determines a sorting of high versus low acylated LPS in OMs and OMVs, respectively. 27531914 1 11 theme membrane 152:159 arg1 OMVs 171:174 OMVs 171:174 OMVs 171:174 Recent research has focused on the biological role of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are derived from the outer membranes (OMs) of Gram-negative bacteria, and their potential exploitation as therapeutics. 27531914 1 11 theme membrane 152:159 arg1 vesicles 161:168 outer membrane vesicles 146:168 outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) 146:175 Recent research has focused on the biological role of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are derived from the outer membranes (OMs) of Gram-negative bacteria, and their potential exploitation as therapeutics. 27531914 5 12 theme production 839:848 arg1 level 826:830 the level 822:830 the level of OMV production 822:848 That study showed that deacylation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) influences the level of OMV production and, furthermore, determines a sorting of high versus low acylated LPS in OMs and OMVs, respectively. 27531914 5 13 theme acylated 908:915 arg1 LPS 917:919 high versus low acylated LPS 892:919 high versus low acylated LPS 892:919 That study showed that deacylation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) influences the level of OMV production and, furthermore, determines a sorting of high versus low acylated LPS in OMs and OMVs, respectively. 27531914 5 14 from LPS 917:919 arg1 OMs 924:926 OMs 924:926 OMs 924:926 That study showed that deacylation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) influences the level of OMV production and, furthermore, determines a sorting of high versus low acylated LPS in OMs and OMVs, respectively. 27531914 5 14 from LPS 917:919 arg1 OMVs 932:935 OMVs 932:935 OMVs 932:935 That study showed that deacylation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) influences the level of OMV production and, furthermore, determines a sorting of high versus low acylated LPS in OMs and OMVs, respectively. 27531914 1 15 theme vesicles 161:168 arg1 role 138:141 the biological role 123:141 the biological role of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are derived from the outer membranes (OMs) of Gram-negative bacteria, and their potential exploitation as therapeutics 123:301 Recent research has focused on the biological role of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are derived from the outer membranes (OMs) of Gram-negative bacteria, and their potential exploitation as therapeutics. 27531914 0 16 theme Membrane 6:13 arg1 Biosynthesis 23:34 Outer Membrane Vesicle Biosynthesis in Salmonella 0:48 Outer Membrane Vesicle Biosynthesis in Salmonella: Is There More to Gram-Negative Bacteria? 0:90 Outer Membrane Vesicle Biosynthesis in Salmonella: Is There More to Gram-Negative Bacteria? 27531914 4 17 theme further 666:672 arg1 insights 674:681 further insights 666:681 further insights into OMV biogenesis of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium 666:744 The recently reported study by Elhenawy et al. (mBio 7:e00940-16, 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00940-16) provided further insights into OMV biogenesis of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. 27531914 6 18 theme LPS 1014:1016 arg1 modifications 1018:1030 other LPS modifications 1008:1030 other LPS modifications 1008:1030 Interestingly, deacylation may inversely correlate with other LPS modifications, suggesting some synergy toward optimized host resistance via best OM compositions for S Typhimurium. 27531914 0 19 theme Outer 0:4 arg1 Biosynthesis 23:34 Outer Membrane Vesicle Biosynthesis in Salmonella 0:48 Outer Membrane Vesicle Biosynthesis in Salmonella: Is There More to Gram-Negative Bacteria? 0:90 Outer Membrane Vesicle Biosynthesis in Salmonella: Is There More to Gram-Negative Bacteria? 27531914 2 20 theme many 336:339 arg1 ways 341:344 many ways 336:344 many ways 336:344 OMVs have been characterized in many ways and functions. 27531914 1 21 theme Gram-negative 230:242 arg1 bacteria 244:251 Gram-negative bacteria 230:251 Gram-negative bacteria 230:251 Recent research has focused on the biological role of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are derived from the outer membranes (OMs) of Gram-negative bacteria, and their potential exploitation as therapeutics. 27531914 1 22 theme Recent 92:97 arg1 research 99:106 Recent research 92:106 Recent research 92:106 Recent research has focused on the biological role of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are derived from the outer membranes (OMs) of Gram-negative bacteria, and their potential exploitation as therapeutics. 27531914 0 23 theme Vesicle 15:21 arg1 Biosynthesis 23:34 Outer Membrane Vesicle Biosynthesis in Salmonella 0:48 Outer Membrane Vesicle Biosynthesis in Salmonella: Is There More to Gram-Negative Bacteria? 0:90 Outer Membrane Vesicle Biosynthesis in Salmonella: Is There More to Gram-Negative Bacteria? 27531914 1 24 theme bacteria 244:251 arg1 OMs 222:224 OMs 222:224 OMs 222:224 Recent research has focused on the biological role of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are derived from the outer membranes (OMs) of Gram-negative bacteria, and their potential exploitation as therapeutics. 27531914 1 24 theme bacteria 244:251 arg1 membranes 211:219 the outer membranes 201:219 the outer membranes (OMs) of Gram-negative bacteria 201:251 Recent research has focused on the biological role of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are derived from the outer membranes (OMs) of Gram-negative bacteria, and their potential exploitation as therapeutics. 27531914 1 25 theme outer 146:150 arg1 OMVs 171:174 OMVs 171:174 OMVs 171:174 Recent research has focused on the biological role of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are derived from the outer membranes (OMs) of Gram-negative bacteria, and their potential exploitation as therapeutics. 27531914 1 25 theme outer 146:150 arg1 vesicles 161:168 outer membrane vesicles 146:168 outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) 146:175 Recent research has focused on the biological role of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are derived from the outer membranes (OMs) of Gram-negative bacteria, and their potential exploitation as therapeutics. 27531914 5 26 from OMVs 932:935 arg1 sorting 881:887 a sorting 879:887 a sorting of high versus low acylated LPS in OMs and OMVs, respectively 879:949 That study showed that deacylation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) influences the level of OMV production and, furthermore, determines a sorting of high versus low acylated LPS in OMs and OMVs, respectively. 27531914 1 27 theme biological 127:136 arg1 role 138:141 the biological role 123:141 the biological role of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are derived from the outer membranes (OMs) of Gram-negative bacteria, and their potential exploitation as therapeutics 123:301 Recent research has focused on the biological role of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are derived from the outer membranes (OMs) of Gram-negative bacteria, and their potential exploitation as therapeutics. 27531914 5 28 dep determines 868:877 arg1 influences 811:820 influences 811:820 influences the level of OMV production 811:848 That study showed that deacylation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) influences the level of OMV production and, furthermore, determines a sorting of high versus low acylated LPS in OMs and OMVs, respectively. 27531914 5 29 theme lipopolysaccharides 785:803 arg1 deacylation 770:780 deacylation 770:780 deacylation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) 770:809 That study showed that deacylation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) influences the level of OMV production and, furthermore, determines a sorting of high versus low acylated LPS in OMs and OMVs, respectively. 27531914 0 30 theme in 36:37 arg1 Biosynthesis 23:34 Outer Membrane Vesicle Biosynthesis in Salmonella 0:48 Outer Membrane Vesicle Biosynthesis in Salmonella: Is There More to Gram-Negative Bacteria? 0:90 Outer Membrane Vesicle Biosynthesis in Salmonella: Is There More to Gram-Negative Bacteria? 27531914 1 31 attach derived 188:194 arg2 exploitation 274:285 their potential exploitation 258:285 their potential exploitation 258:285 Recent research has focused on the biological role of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are derived from the outer membranes (OMs) of Gram-negative bacteria, and their potential exploitation as therapeutics. 27531914 1 31 attach derived 188:194 arg2 OMVs 171:174 OMVs 171:174 OMVs 171:174 Recent research has focused on the biological role of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are derived from the outer membranes (OMs) of Gram-negative bacteria, and their potential exploitation as therapeutics. 27531914 1 31 attach derived 188:194 arg1 OMs 222:224 OMs 222:224 OMs 222:224 Recent research has focused on the biological role of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are derived from the outer membranes (OMs) of Gram-negative bacteria, and their potential exploitation as therapeutics. 27531914 1 31 attach derived 188:194 arg2 vesicles 161:168 outer membrane vesicles 146:168 outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) 146:175 Recent research has focused on the biological role of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are derived from the outer membranes (OMs) of Gram-negative bacteria, and their potential exploitation as therapeutics. 27531914 1 31 attach derived 188:194 arg1 membranes 211:219 the outer membranes 201:219 the outer membranes (OMs) of Gram-negative bacteria 201:251 Recent research has focused on the biological role of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are derived from the outer membranes (OMs) of Gram-negative bacteria, and their potential exploitation as therapeutics. 27531914 3 32 theme empirical 414:422 arg1 models 424:429 hypothetical and empirical models 397:429 hypothetical and empirical models that addressed the molecular mechanisms of OMV biogenesis, such as vesicles bulging from the OM in various ways 397:541 Until recently, research focused on hypothetical and empirical models that addressed the molecular mechanisms of OMV biogenesis, such as vesicles bulging from the OM in various ways. 27531914 3 33 theme various 530:536 arg1 ways 538:541 various ways 530:541 various ways 530:541 Until recently, research focused on hypothetical and empirical models that addressed the molecular mechanisms of OMV biogenesis, such as vesicles bulging from the OM in various ways. 27531914 3 34 theme molecular 450:458 arg1 vesicles 498:505 vesicles 498:505 vesicles bulging from the OM in various ways 498:541 Until recently, research focused on hypothetical and empirical models that addressed the molecular mechanisms of OMV biogenesis, such as vesicles bulging from the OM in various ways. 27531914 3 34 theme molecular 450:458 arg1 mechanisms 460:469 the molecular mechanisms 446:469 the molecular mechanisms 446:469 Until recently, research focused on hypothetical and empirical models that addressed the molecular mechanisms of OMV biogenesis, such as vesicles bulging from the OM in various ways. 27531914 1 35 theme potential 264:272 arg1 exploitation 274:285 their potential exploitation 258:285 their potential exploitation 258:285 Recent research has focused on the biological role of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are derived from the outer membranes (OMs) of Gram-negative bacteria, and their potential exploitation as therapeutics. 27531914 4 36 dep Elhenawy 575:582 arg1 al 587:588 et al 584:588 Elhenawy et al. (mBio 7:e00940-16, 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00940-16) 575:655 The recently reported study by Elhenawy et al. (mBio 7:e00940-16, 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00940-16) provided further insights into OMV biogenesis of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. 27531914 5 37 from sorting 881:887 arg1 OMs 924:926 OMs 924:926 OMs 924:926 That study showed that deacylation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) influences the level of OMV production and, furthermore, determines a sorting of high versus low acylated LPS in OMs and OMVs, respectively. 27531914 5 37 from sorting 881:887 arg1 OMVs 932:935 OMVs 932:935 OMVs 932:935 That study showed that deacylation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) influences the level of OMV production and, furthermore, determines a sorting of high versus low acylated LPS in OMs and OMVs, respectively. 27531914 1 38 theme exploitation 274:285 arg1 role 138:141 the biological role 123:141 the biological role of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are derived from the outer membranes (OMs) of Gram-negative bacteria, and their potential exploitation as therapeutics 123:301 Recent research has focused on the biological role of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are derived from the outer membranes (OMs) of Gram-negative bacteria, and their potential exploitation as therapeutics. 27531914 5 39 theme LPS 917:919 arg1 sorting 881:887 a sorting 879:887 a sorting of high versus low acylated LPS in OMs and OMVs, respectively 879:949 That study showed that deacylation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) influences the level of OMV production and, furthermore, determines a sorting of high versus low acylated LPS in OMs and OMVs, respectively. 27531914 0 40 dep Biosynthesis 23:34 arg1 Salmonella 39:48 Outer Membrane Vesicle Biosynthesis in Salmonella 0:48 Outer Membrane Vesicle Biosynthesis in Salmonella: Is There More to Gram-Negative Bacteria? 0:90 Outer Membrane Vesicle Biosynthesis in Salmonella: Is There More to Gram-Negative Bacteria? 27531914 0 40 dep Biosynthesis 23:34 arg1 Bacteria 82:89 Gram-Negative Bacteria 68:89 Gram-Negative Bacteria 68:89 Outer Membrane Vesicle Biosynthesis in Salmonella: Is There More to Gram-Negative Bacteria? 27531914 4 41 theme reported 557:564 arg1 study 566:570 The recently reported study 544:570 The recently reported study by Elhenawy et al. (mBio 7:e00940-16, 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00940-16) 544:655 The recently reported study by Elhenawy et al. (mBio 7:e00940-16, 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00940-16) provided further insights into OMV biogenesis of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. 27531914 6 42 theme OM 1099:1100 arg1 compositions 1102:1113 best OM compositions 1094:1113 best OM compositions for S Typhimurium 1094:1131 Interestingly, deacylation may inversely correlate with other LPS modifications, suggesting some synergy toward optimized host resistance via best OM compositions for S Typhimurium. 27531914 3 43 dep bulging 507:513 arg1 OM 524:525 the OM 520:525 the OM in various ways 520:541 Until recently, research focused on hypothetical and empirical models that addressed the molecular mechanisms of OMV biogenesis, such as vesicles bulging from the OM in various ways. 27531914 3 44 from OM 524:525 arg1 ways 538:541 various ways 530:541 various ways 530:541 Until recently, research focused on hypothetical and empirical models that addressed the molecular mechanisms of OMV biogenesis, such as vesicles bulging from the OM in various ways. 27531914 4 45 dep mBio 592:595 arg1 http 616:619 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00940-16 616:654 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00940-16 616:654 The recently reported study by Elhenawy et al. (mBio 7:e00940-16, 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00940-16) provided further insights into OMV biogenesis of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. 27531914 3 46 theme biogenesis 478:487 arg1 vesicles 498:505 vesicles 498:505 vesicles bulging from the OM in various ways 498:541 Until recently, research focused on hypothetical and empirical models that addressed the molecular mechanisms of OMV biogenesis, such as vesicles bulging from the OM in various ways. 27531914 3 46 theme biogenesis 478:487 arg1 mechanisms 460:469 the molecular mechanisms 446:469 the molecular mechanisms 446:469 Until recently, research focused on hypothetical and empirical models that addressed the molecular mechanisms of OMV biogenesis, such as vesicles bulging from the OM in various ways. 27531914 3 47 theme hypothetical 397:408 arg1 models 424:429 hypothetical and empirical models 397:429 hypothetical and empirical models that addressed the molecular mechanisms of OMV biogenesis, such as vesicles bulging from the OM in various ways 397:541 Until recently, research focused on hypothetical and empirical models that addressed the molecular mechanisms of OMV biogenesis, such as vesicles bulging from the OM in various ways. 27531914 6 48 theme host 1074:1077 arg1 resistance 1079:1088 optimized host resistance 1064:1088 optimized host resistance 1064:1088 Interestingly, deacylation may inversely correlate with other LPS modifications, suggesting some synergy toward optimized host resistance via best OM compositions for S Typhimurium. 27531914 4 49 theme Typhimurium 734:744 arg1 biogenesis 692:701 OMV biogenesis 688:701 OMV biogenesis of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium 688:744 The recently reported study by Elhenawy et al. (mBio 7:e00940-16, 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00940-16) provided further insights into OMV biogenesis of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. 27531914 1 50 theme outer 205:209 arg1 OMs 222:224 OMs 222:224 OMs 222:224 Recent research has focused on the biological role of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are derived from the outer membranes (OMs) of Gram-negative bacteria, and their potential exploitation as therapeutics. 27531914 1 50 theme outer 205:209 arg1 membranes 211:219 the outer membranes 201:219 the outer membranes (OMs) of Gram-negative bacteria 201:251 Recent research has focused on the biological role of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are derived from the outer membranes (OMs) of Gram-negative bacteria, and their potential exploitation as therapeutics. 24360897 5 0 theme tissue 899:904 arg1 packing 890:896 antimicrobial packing 876:896 antimicrobial packing 876:896 Additionally, the result of microbial inhibition assay indicated that the composite nanofibrous mats had excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which could be used for antimicrobial packing, tissue engineering, wound dressing, etc. 24360897 5 0 theme tissue 899:904 arg1 engineering 906:916 tissue engineering 899:916 tissue engineering 899:916 Additionally, the result of microbial inhibition assay indicated that the composite nanofibrous mats had excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which could be used for antimicrobial packing, tissue engineering, wound dressing, etc. 24360897 5 1 theme assay 711:715 arg1 result 680:685 the result 676:685 the result of microbial inhibition assay 676:715 Additionally, the result of microbial inhibition assay indicated that the composite nanofibrous mats had excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which could be used for antimicrobial packing, tissue engineering, wound dressing, etc. 24360897 2 2 dep Fourier 351:357 arg1 transform 359:367 transform 359:367 transform infrared spectra 359:384 The deposition of PV and CS was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD). 24360897 1 3 theme charged 92:98 arg1 phosvitin 100:108 Negatively charged phosvitin 81:108 Negatively charged phosvitin (PV) 81:113 Negatively charged phosvitin (PV) and positively charged chitosan (CS) were alternately deposited on negatively charged cellulose mats via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. 24360897 1 3 theme charged 92:98 arg1 PV 111:112 PV 111:112 PV 111:112 Negatively charged phosvitin (PV) and positively charged chitosan (CS) were alternately deposited on negatively charged cellulose mats via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. 24360897 2 4 theme CS 291:292 arg1 deposition 270:279 The deposition 266:279 The deposition of PV and CS 266:292 The deposition of PV and CS was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD). 24360897 3 5 theme electron 504:511 arg1 SEM 525:527 SEM 525:527 SEM 525:527 Morphologies of the LBL films coating mats were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). 24360897 3 5 theme electron 504:511 arg1 microscope 513:522 scanning electron microscope 495:522 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 495:528 Morphologies of the LBL films coating mats were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). 24360897 5 6 theme excellent 767:775 arg1 activity 791:798 excellent antibacterial activity 767:798 excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus 767:849 Additionally, the result of microbial inhibition assay indicated that the composite nanofibrous mats had excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which could be used for antimicrobial packing, tissue engineering, wound dressing, etc. 24360897 2 7 theme PV 284:285 arg1 deposition 270:279 The deposition 266:279 The deposition of PV and CS 266:292 The deposition of PV and CS was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD). 24360897 0 8 theme antibacterial 19:31 arg1 films 33:37 Chitosan/phosvitin antibacterial films 0:37 Chitosan/phosvitin antibacterial films 0:37 Chitosan/phosvitin antibacterial films fabricated via layer-by-layer deposition. 24360897 2 9 theme photoelectron 317:329 arg1 XPS 345:347 XPS 345:347 XPS 345:347 The deposition of PV and CS was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD). 24360897 2 9 theme photoelectron 317:329 arg1 spectroscopy 331:342 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 311:342 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 311:348 The deposition of PV and CS was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD). 24360897 1 10 theme charged 193:199 arg1 mats 211:214 negatively charged cellulose mats 182:214 negatively charged cellulose mats 182:214 Negatively charged phosvitin (PV) and positively charged chitosan (CS) were alternately deposited on negatively charged cellulose mats via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. 24360897 0 11 theme Chitosan/phosvitin 0:17 arg1 films 33:37 Chitosan/phosvitin antibacterial films 0:37 Chitosan/phosvitin antibacterial films 0:37 Chitosan/phosvitin antibacterial films fabricated via layer-by-layer deposition. 24360897 2 12 theme X-ray 311:315 arg1 XPS 345:347 XPS 345:347 XPS 345:347 The deposition of PV and CS was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD). 24360897 2 12 theme X-ray 311:315 arg1 spectroscopy 331:342 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 311:342 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 311:348 The deposition of PV and CS was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD). 24360897 1 13 theme cellulose 201:209 arg1 mats 211:214 negatively charged cellulose mats 182:214 negatively charged cellulose mats 182:214 Negatively charged phosvitin (PV) and positively charged chitosan (CS) were alternately deposited on negatively charged cellulose mats via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. 24360897 5 14 used used 867:870 arg2 which 852:856 which 852:856 which 852:856 Additionally, the result of microbial inhibition assay indicated that the composite nanofibrous mats had excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which could be used for antimicrobial packing, tissue engineering, wound dressing, etc. 24360897 2 15 theme X-ray 410:414 arg1 XRD 429:431 XRD 429:431 XRD 429:431 The deposition of PV and CS was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD). 24360897 2 15 theme X-ray 410:414 arg1 diffraction 416:426 wide-angle X-ray diffraction 399:426 wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) 399:432 The deposition of PV and CS was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD). 24360897 4 16 theme degradation 539:549 arg1 properties 551:560 Thermal degradation properties 531:560 Thermal degradation properties 531:560 Thermal degradation properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 24360897 5 17 dep had 763:765 arg1 used 867:870 used 867:870 could be used for antimicrobial packing, tissue engineering, wound dressing, etc 858:937 Additionally, the result of microbial inhibition assay indicated that the composite nanofibrous mats had excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which could be used for antimicrobial packing, tissue engineering, wound dressing, etc. 24360897 2 18 theme wide-angle 399:408 arg1 XRD 429:431 XRD 429:431 XRD 429:431 The deposition of PV and CS was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD). 24360897 2 18 theme wide-angle 399:408 arg1 diffraction 416:426 wide-angle X-ray diffraction 399:426 wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) 399:432 The deposition of PV and CS was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD). 24360897 0 19 theme layer-by-layer 54:67 arg1 deposition 69:78 layer-by-layer deposition 54:78 layer-by-layer deposition 54:78 Chitosan/phosvitin antibacterial films fabricated via layer-by-layer deposition. 24360897 4 20 theme Thermal 531:537 arg1 properties 551:560 Thermal degradation properties 531:560 Thermal degradation properties 531:560 Thermal degradation properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 24360897 5 21 theme microbial 690:698 arg1 assay 711:715 microbial inhibition assay 690:715 microbial inhibition assay 690:715 Additionally, the result of microbial inhibition assay indicated that the composite nanofibrous mats had excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which could be used for antimicrobial packing, tissue engineering, wound dressing, etc. 24360897 5 22 theme antimicrobial 876:888 arg1 packing 890:896 antimicrobial packing 876:896 antimicrobial packing 876:896 Additionally, the result of microbial inhibition assay indicated that the composite nanofibrous mats had excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which could be used for antimicrobial packing, tissue engineering, wound dressing, etc. 24360897 5 22 theme antimicrobial 876:888 arg1 engineering 906:916 tissue engineering 899:916 tissue engineering 899:916 Additionally, the result of microbial inhibition assay indicated that the composite nanofibrous mats had excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which could be used for antimicrobial packing, tissue engineering, wound dressing, etc. 24360897 5 22 theme antimicrobial 876:888 arg1 dressing 925:932 wound dressing 919:932 wound dressing 919:932 Additionally, the result of microbial inhibition assay indicated that the composite nanofibrous mats had excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which could be used for antimicrobial packing, tissue engineering, wound dressing, etc. 24360897 5 22 theme antimicrobial 876:888 arg1 etc 935:937 etc 935:937 etc 935:937 Additionally, the result of microbial inhibition assay indicated that the composite nanofibrous mats had excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which could be used for antimicrobial packing, tissue engineering, wound dressing, etc. 24360897 4 23 theme thermo-gravimetric 627:644 arg1 TGA 656:658 TGA 656:658 TGA 656:658 Thermal degradation properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 24360897 4 23 theme thermo-gravimetric 627:644 arg1 analysis 646:653 thermo-gravimetric analysis 627:653 thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) 627:659 Thermal degradation properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 24360897 5 24 theme antibacterial 777:789 arg1 activity 791:798 excellent antibacterial activity 767:798 excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus 767:849 Additionally, the result of microbial inhibition assay indicated that the composite nanofibrous mats had excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which could be used for antimicrobial packing, tissue engineering, wound dressing, etc. 24360897 5 25 theme inhibition 700:709 arg1 assay 711:715 microbial inhibition assay 690:715 microbial inhibition assay 690:715 Additionally, the result of microbial inhibition assay indicated that the composite nanofibrous mats had excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which could be used for antimicrobial packing, tissue engineering, wound dressing, etc. 24360897 1 26 theme charged 130:136 arg1 CS 148:149 CS 148:149 CS 148:149 Negatively charged phosvitin (PV) and positively charged chitosan (CS) were alternately deposited on negatively charged cellulose mats via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. 24360897 1 26 theme charged 130:136 arg1 chitosan 138:145 positively charged chitosan 119:145 positively charged chitosan (CS) 119:150 Negatively charged phosvitin (PV) and positively charged chitosan (CS) were alternately deposited on negatively charged cellulose mats via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. 24360897 5 27 theme wound 919:923 arg1 packing 890:896 antimicrobial packing 876:896 antimicrobial packing 876:896 Additionally, the result of microbial inhibition assay indicated that the composite nanofibrous mats had excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which could be used for antimicrobial packing, tissue engineering, wound dressing, etc. 24360897 5 27 theme wound 919:923 arg1 dressing 925:932 wound dressing 919:932 wound dressing 919:932 Additionally, the result of microbial inhibition assay indicated that the composite nanofibrous mats had excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which could be used for antimicrobial packing, tissue engineering, wound dressing, etc. 24360897 3 28 theme LBL 455:457 arg1 films 459:463 the LBL films 451:463 the LBL films coating mats 451:476 Morphologies of the LBL films coating mats were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). 24360897 4 29 theme scanning 596:603 arg1 DSC 618:620 DSC 618:620 DSC 618:620 Thermal degradation properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 24360897 4 29 theme scanning 596:603 arg1 calorimetry 605:615 differential scanning calorimetry 583:615 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 583:621 Thermal degradation properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 24360897 3 30 theme films 459:463 arg1 Morphologies 435:446 Morphologies 435:446 Morphologies of the LBL films coating mats 435:476 Morphologies of the LBL films coating mats were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). 24360897 4 31 theme differential 583:594 arg1 DSC 618:620 DSC 618:620 DSC 618:620 Thermal degradation properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 24360897 4 31 theme differential 583:594 arg1 calorimetry 605:615 differential scanning calorimetry 583:615 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 583:621 Thermal degradation properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 24360897 5 32 theme composite 736:744 arg1 mats 758:761 the composite nanofibrous mats 732:761 the composite nanofibrous mats 732:761 Additionally, the result of microbial inhibition assay indicated that the composite nanofibrous mats had excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which could be used for antimicrobial packing, tissue engineering, wound dressing, etc. 24360897 2 33 theme infrared 369:376 arg1 spectra 378:384 infrared spectra 369:384 infrared spectra 369:384 The deposition of PV and CS was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD). 24360897 1 34 theme self-assembly 241:253 arg1 technique 255:263 layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique 220:263 layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique 220:263 Negatively charged phosvitin (PV) and positively charged chitosan (CS) were alternately deposited on negatively charged cellulose mats via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. 24360897 5 35 theme nanofibrous 746:756 arg1 mats 758:761 the composite nanofibrous mats 732:761 the composite nanofibrous mats 732:761 Additionally, the result of microbial inhibition assay indicated that the composite nanofibrous mats had excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which could be used for antimicrobial packing, tissue engineering, wound dressing, etc. 24360897 5 36 contain had 763:765 arg1 mats 758:761 the composite nanofibrous mats 732:761 the composite nanofibrous mats 732:761 Additionally, the result of microbial inhibition assay indicated that the composite nanofibrous mats had excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which could be used for antimicrobial packing, tissue engineering, wound dressing, etc. 24360897 5 36 contain had 763:765 arg2 activity 791:798 excellent antibacterial activity 767:798 excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus 767:849 Additionally, the result of microbial inhibition assay indicated that the composite nanofibrous mats had excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which could be used for antimicrobial packing, tissue engineering, wound dressing, etc. 24360897 3 37 theme scanning 495:502 arg1 SEM 525:527 SEM 525:527 SEM 525:527 Morphologies of the LBL films coating mats were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). 24360897 3 37 theme scanning 495:502 arg1 microscope 513:522 scanning electron microscope 495:522 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 495:528 Morphologies of the LBL films coating mats were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). 27288819 1 0 theme LBL 321:323 arg1 technique 340:348 layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique 305:348 layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique 305:348 Cellulose electrospun nanofibrous mats coated with bilayers of chitosan (CS) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) or with bilayers of CS-rectorite (REC) composite (CS-REC) and EGCG were fabricated via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. 27288819 6 1 theme REC 926:928 arg1 presence 914:921 the presence 910:921 the presence of REC 910:928 The encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of nanofibers were enhanced in the presence of REC. 27288819 3 2 theme nanofibers 531:540 arg1 diameter 519:526 The average diameter 507:526 The average diameter of nanofibers 507:540 The average diameter of nanofibers were enlarged with the addition of REC. 27288819 5 3 theme uncoated 808:815 arg1 nanofibers 817:826 uncoated nanofibers 808:826 uncoated nanofibers 808:826 The tensile strength and rate of elongation at break of LBL-structured nanofibers had no difference from those of uncoated nanofibers. 27288819 9 4 theme bacteria 1328:1335 arg1 exposure 1316:1323 exposure 1316:1323 exposure of bacteria to EGCG 1316:1343 Meanwhile the CS-REC composites improved the antimicrobial effects of CS and EGCG by adsorption of bacteria to the surface of REC then enhancement of exposure of bacteria to EGCG and the matrix of CS. 27288819 5 5 theme nanofibers 765:774 arg1 elongation 727:736 elongation 727:736 elongation at break of LBL-structured nanofibers 727:774 The tensile strength and rate of elongation at break of LBL-structured nanofibers had no difference from those of uncoated nanofibers. 27288819 1 6 theme self-assembly 326:338 arg1 technique 340:348 layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique 305:348 layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique 305:348 Cellulose electrospun nanofibrous mats coated with bilayers of chitosan (CS) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) or with bilayers of CS-rectorite (REC) composite (CS-REC) and EGCG were fabricated via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. 27288819 5 7 theme tensile 698:704 arg1 strength 706:713 tensile strength 698:713 tensile strength 698:713 The tensile strength and rate of elongation at break of LBL-structured nanofibers had no difference from those of uncoated nanofibers. 27288819 6 8 theme loading 862:868 arg1 capacity 870:877 loading capacity 862:877 loading capacity 862:877 The encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of nanofibers were enhanced in the presence of REC. 27288819 1 9 theme composite 257:265 arg1 CS-rectorite 238:249 CS-rectorite (REC) composite (CS-REC) 238:274 CS-rectorite (REC) composite (CS-REC) 238:274 Cellulose electrospun nanofibrous mats coated with bilayers of chitosan (CS) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) or with bilayers of CS-rectorite (REC) composite (CS-REC) and EGCG were fabricated via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. 27288819 1 9 theme composite 257:265 arg1 CS-REC 268:273 CS-REC 268:273 CS-REC 268:273 Cellulose electrospun nanofibrous mats coated with bilayers of chitosan (CS) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) or with bilayers of CS-rectorite (REC) composite (CS-REC) and EGCG were fabricated via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. 27288819 1 9 theme composite 257:265 arg1 REC 252:254 REC 252:254 REC 252:254 Cellulose electrospun nanofibrous mats coated with bilayers of chitosan (CS) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) or with bilayers of CS-rectorite (REC) composite (CS-REC) and EGCG were fabricated via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. 27288819 3 10 theme REC 577:579 arg1 addition 565:572 the addition 561:572 the addition of REC 561:579 The average diameter of nanofibers were enlarged with the addition of REC. 27288819 5 11 from break 741:745 arg1 elongation 727:736 elongation 727:736 elongation at break of LBL-structured nanofibers 727:774 The tensile strength and rate of elongation at break of LBL-structured nanofibers had no difference from those of uncoated nanofibers. 27288819 5 11 from break 741:745 arg1 rate 719:722 rate 719:722 rate 719:722 The tensile strength and rate of elongation at break of LBL-structured nanofibers had no difference from those of uncoated nanofibers. 27288819 5 11 from break 741:745 arg1 strength 706:713 tensile strength 698:713 tensile strength 698:713 The tensile strength and rate of elongation at break of LBL-structured nanofibers had no difference from those of uncoated nanofibers. 27288819 9 12 theme EGCG 1243:1246 arg1 effects 1225:1231 the antimicrobial effects 1207:1231 the antimicrobial effects of CS and EGCG 1207:1246 Meanwhile the CS-REC composites improved the antimicrobial effects of CS and EGCG by adsorption of bacteria to the surface of REC then enhancement of exposure of bacteria to EGCG and the matrix of CS. 27288819 2 13 theme three-dimension 404:418 arg1 structure 426:434 three-dimension fiber structure 404:434 three-dimension fiber structure 404:434 LBL-structured cellulose nanofibers still maintained three-dimension fiber structure according to the observation from scanning electron microscopy images. 27288819 5 14 contain had 776:778 arg2 difference 783:792 no difference 780:792 no difference 780:792 The tensile strength and rate of elongation at break of LBL-structured nanofibers had no difference from those of uncoated nanofibers. 27288819 5 14 contain had 776:778 arg1 rate 719:722 rate 719:722 rate 719:722 The tensile strength and rate of elongation at break of LBL-structured nanofibers had no difference from those of uncoated nanofibers. 27288819 5 14 contain had 776:778 arg1 strength 706:713 tensile strength 698:713 tensile strength 698:713 The tensile strength and rate of elongation at break of LBL-structured nanofibers had no difference from those of uncoated nanofibers. 27288819 6 15 theme encapsulation 833:845 arg1 efficiency 847:856 encapsulation efficiency 833:856 encapsulation efficiency 833:856 The encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of nanofibers were enhanced in the presence of REC. 27288819 5 16 dep strength 706:713 arg1 The 694:696 The 694:696 The 694:696 The tensile strength and rate of elongation at break of LBL-structured nanofibers had no difference from those of uncoated nanofibers. 27288819 9 17 dep Meanwhile 1166:1174 arg1 improved 1198:1205 improved 1198:1205 improved the antimicrobial effects of CS and EGCG by adsorption of bacteria to the surface of REC 1198:1294 Meanwhile the CS-REC composites improved the antimicrobial effects of CS and EGCG by adsorption of bacteria to the surface of REC then enhancement of exposure of bacteria to EGCG and the matrix of CS. 27288819 1 18 theme epigallocatechin 186:201 arg1 gallate 203:209 epigallocatechin gallate 186:209 epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) 186:216 Cellulose electrospun nanofibrous mats coated with bilayers of chitosan (CS) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) or with bilayers of CS-rectorite (REC) composite (CS-REC) and EGCG were fabricated via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. 27288819 1 18 theme epigallocatechin 186:201 arg1 EGCG 212:215 EGCG 212:215 EGCG 212:215 Cellulose electrospun nanofibrous mats coated with bilayers of chitosan (CS) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) or with bilayers of CS-rectorite (REC) composite (CS-REC) and EGCG were fabricated via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. 27288819 2 19 theme scanning 470:477 arg1 microscopy 488:497 scanning electron microscopy 470:497 scanning electron microscopy images 470:504 LBL-structured cellulose nanofibers still maintained three-dimension fiber structure according to the observation from scanning electron microscopy images. 27288819 2 20 from images 499:504 arg1 observation 453:463 the observation 449:463 the observation from scanning electron microscopy images 449:504 LBL-structured cellulose nanofibers still maintained three-dimension fiber structure according to the observation from scanning electron microscopy images. 27288819 9 21 theme CS 1236:1237 arg1 effects 1225:1231 the antimicrobial effects 1207:1231 the antimicrobial effects of CS and EGCG 1207:1246 Meanwhile the CS-REC composites improved the antimicrobial effects of CS and EGCG by adsorption of bacteria to the surface of REC then enhancement of exposure of bacteria to EGCG and the matrix of CS. 27288819 1 22 theme Cellulose 105:113 arg1 mats 139:142 Cellulose electrospun nanofibrous mats 105:142 Cellulose electrospun nanofibrous mats coated with bilayers of chitosan (CS) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) or with bilayers of CS-rectorite (REC) composite (CS-REC) and EGCG 105:283 Cellulose electrospun nanofibrous mats coated with bilayers of chitosan (CS) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) or with bilayers of CS-rectorite (REC) composite (CS-REC) and EGCG were fabricated via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. 27288819 1 23 theme gallate 203:209 arg1 bilayers 156:163 bilayers 156:163 bilayers of chitosan (CS) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) 156:216 Cellulose electrospun nanofibrous mats coated with bilayers of chitosan (CS) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) or with bilayers of CS-rectorite (REC) composite (CS-REC) and EGCG were fabricated via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. 27288819 0 24 theme Antimicrobial 0:12 arg1 application 14:24 Antimicrobial application 0:24 Antimicrobial application of nanofibrous mats 0:44 Antimicrobial application of nanofibrous mats self-assembled with chitosan and epigallocatechin gallate. 27288819 4 25 theme X-ray 582:586 arg1 results 615:621 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results 582:621 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results 582:621 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results confirmed the deposition of CS and CS-REC onto the corresponding mats. 27288819 8 26 theme CS 1114:1115 arg1 effects 1103:1109 the inhibitory effects 1088:1109 the inhibitory effects of CS and EGCG on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus 1088:1163 Antimicrobial assay demonstrated the inhibitory effects of CS and EGCG on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. 27288819 8 27 theme Antimicrobial 1055:1067 arg1 assay 1069:1073 Antimicrobial assay 1055:1073 Antimicrobial assay 1055:1073 Antimicrobial assay demonstrated the inhibitory effects of CS and EGCG on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. 27288819 1 28 theme electrospun 115:125 arg1 mats 139:142 Cellulose electrospun nanofibrous mats 105:142 Cellulose electrospun nanofibrous mats coated with bilayers of chitosan (CS) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) or with bilayers of CS-rectorite (REC) composite (CS-REC) and EGCG 105:283 Cellulose electrospun nanofibrous mats coated with bilayers of chitosan (CS) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) or with bilayers of CS-rectorite (REC) composite (CS-REC) and EGCG were fabricated via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. 27288819 0 29 theme nanofibrous 29:39 arg1 mats 41:44 nanofibrous mats 29:44 nanofibrous mats 29:44 Antimicrobial application of nanofibrous mats self-assembled with chitosan and epigallocatechin gallate. 27288819 9 30 theme CS 1363:1364 arg1 enhancement 1301:1311 enhancement 1301:1311 enhancement of exposure of bacteria to EGCG 1301:1343 Meanwhile the CS-REC composites improved the antimicrobial effects of CS and EGCG by adsorption of bacteria to the surface of REC then enhancement of exposure of bacteria to EGCG and the matrix of CS. 27288819 9 30 theme CS 1363:1364 arg1 matrix 1353:1358 the matrix 1349:1358 the matrix of CS 1349:1364 Meanwhile the CS-REC composites improved the antimicrobial effects of CS and EGCG by adsorption of bacteria to the surface of REC then enhancement of exposure of bacteria to EGCG and the matrix of CS. 27288819 9 31 theme bacteria 1265:1272 arg1 adsorption 1251:1260 adsorption 1251:1260 adsorption of bacteria to the surface of REC 1251:1294 Meanwhile the CS-REC composites improved the antimicrobial effects of CS and EGCG by adsorption of bacteria to the surface of REC then enhancement of exposure of bacteria to EGCG and the matrix of CS. 27288819 1 32 theme nanofibrous 127:137 arg1 mats 139:142 Cellulose electrospun nanofibrous mats 105:142 Cellulose electrospun nanofibrous mats coated with bilayers of chitosan (CS) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) or with bilayers of CS-rectorite (REC) composite (CS-REC) and EGCG 105:283 Cellulose electrospun nanofibrous mats coated with bilayers of chitosan (CS) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) or with bilayers of CS-rectorite (REC) composite (CS-REC) and EGCG were fabricated via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. 27288819 6 33 dep efficiency 847:856 arg1 The 829:831 The 829:831 The 829:831 The encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of nanofibers were enhanced in the presence of REC. 27288819 4 34 theme photoelectron 588:600 arg1 results 615:621 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results 582:621 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results 582:621 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results confirmed the deposition of CS and CS-REC onto the corresponding mats. 27288819 4 35 theme spectroscopy 602:613 arg1 results 615:621 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results 582:621 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results 582:621 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results confirmed the deposition of CS and CS-REC onto the corresponding mats. 27288819 8 36 theme EGCG 1121:1124 arg1 effects 1103:1109 the inhibitory effects 1088:1109 the inhibitory effects of CS and EGCG on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus 1088:1163 Antimicrobial assay demonstrated the inhibitory effects of CS and EGCG on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. 27288819 1 37 theme chitosan 168:175 arg1 bilayers 156:163 bilayers 156:163 bilayers of chitosan (CS) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) 156:216 Cellulose electrospun nanofibrous mats coated with bilayers of chitosan (CS) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) or with bilayers of CS-rectorite (REC) composite (CS-REC) and EGCG were fabricated via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. 27288819 1 38 theme EGCG 280:283 arg1 bilayers 226:233 bilayers 226:233 bilayers of CS-rectorite (REC) composite (CS-REC) and EGCG 226:283 Cellulose electrospun nanofibrous mats coated with bilayers of chitosan (CS) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) or with bilayers of CS-rectorite (REC) composite (CS-REC) and EGCG were fabricated via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. 27288819 0 39 theme mats 41:44 arg1 application 14:24 Antimicrobial application 0:24 Antimicrobial application of nanofibrous mats 0:44 Antimicrobial application of nanofibrous mats self-assembled with chitosan and epigallocatechin gallate. 27288819 5 40 theme LBL-structured 750:763 arg1 nanofibers 765:774 LBL-structured nanofibers 750:774 LBL-structured nanofibers 750:774 The tensile strength and rate of elongation at break of LBL-structured nanofibers had no difference from those of uncoated nanofibers. 27288819 4 41 theme CS-REC 658:663 arg1 deposition 637:646 the deposition 633:646 the deposition of CS and CS-REC onto the corresponding mats 633:691 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results confirmed the deposition of CS and CS-REC onto the corresponding mats. 27288819 2 42 theme fiber 420:424 arg1 structure 426:434 three-dimension fiber structure 404:434 three-dimension fiber structure 404:434 LBL-structured cellulose nanofibers still maintained three-dimension fiber structure according to the observation from scanning electron microscopy images. 27288819 2 43 theme microscopy 488:497 arg1 images 499:504 scanning electron microscopy images 470:504 scanning electron microscopy images 470:504 LBL-structured cellulose nanofibers still maintained three-dimension fiber structure according to the observation from scanning electron microscopy images. 27288819 5 44 from strength 706:713 arg1 break 741:745 break 741:745 break 741:745 The tensile strength and rate of elongation at break of LBL-structured nanofibers had no difference from those of uncoated nanofibers. 27288819 2 45 theme electron 479:486 arg1 microscopy 488:497 scanning electron microscopy 470:497 scanning electron microscopy images 470:504 LBL-structured cellulose nanofibers still maintained three-dimension fiber structure according to the observation from scanning electron microscopy images. 27288819 9 46 theme REC 1292:1294 arg1 surface 1281:1287 the surface 1277:1287 the surface of REC 1277:1294 Meanwhile the CS-REC composites improved the antimicrobial effects of CS and EGCG by adsorption of bacteria to the surface of REC then enhancement of exposure of bacteria to EGCG and the matrix of CS. 27288819 9 47 theme CS-REC 1180:1185 arg1 composites 1187:1196 the CS-REC composites 1176:1196 the CS-REC composites 1176:1196 Meanwhile the CS-REC composites improved the antimicrobial effects of CS and EGCG by adsorption of bacteria to the surface of REC then enhancement of exposure of bacteria to EGCG and the matrix of CS. 27288819 8 48 theme inhibitory 1092:1101 arg1 effects 1103:1109 the inhibitory effects 1088:1109 the inhibitory effects of CS and EGCG on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus 1088:1163 Antimicrobial assay demonstrated the inhibitory effects of CS and EGCG on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. 27288819 7 49 theme cumulative 956:965 arg1 profiles 975:982 the in-vitro cumulative release profiles 943:982 the in-vitro cumulative release profiles of EGCG 943:990 In addition the in-vitro cumulative release profiles of EGCG indicate that the addition of REC delayed the release of EGCG. 27288819 1 50 theme layer-by-layer 305:318 arg1 technique 340:348 layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique 305:348 layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique 305:348 Cellulose electrospun nanofibrous mats coated with bilayers of chitosan (CS) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) or with bilayers of CS-rectorite (REC) composite (CS-REC) and EGCG were fabricated via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. 27288819 7 51 theme EGCG 987:990 arg1 profiles 975:982 the in-vitro cumulative release profiles 943:982 the in-vitro cumulative release profiles of EGCG 943:990 In addition the in-vitro cumulative release profiles of EGCG indicate that the addition of REC delayed the release of EGCG. 27288819 7 52 theme EGCG 1049:1052 arg1 release 1038:1044 the release 1034:1044 the release of EGCG 1034:1052 In addition the in-vitro cumulative release profiles of EGCG indicate that the addition of REC delayed the release of EGCG. 27288819 7 53 theme release 967:973 arg1 profiles 975:982 the in-vitro cumulative release profiles 943:982 the in-vitro cumulative release profiles of EGCG 943:990 In addition the in-vitro cumulative release profiles of EGCG indicate that the addition of REC delayed the release of EGCG. 27288819 4 54 theme CS 651:652 arg1 deposition 637:646 the deposition 633:646 the deposition of CS and CS-REC onto the corresponding mats 633:691 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results confirmed the deposition of CS and CS-REC onto the corresponding mats. 27288819 5 55 theme elongation 727:736 arg1 rate 719:722 rate 719:722 rate 719:722 The tensile strength and rate of elongation at break of LBL-structured nanofibers had no difference from those of uncoated nanofibers. 27288819 5 55 theme elongation 727:736 arg1 strength 706:713 tensile strength 698:713 tensile strength 698:713 The tensile strength and rate of elongation at break of LBL-structured nanofibers had no difference from those of uncoated nanofibers. 27288819 6 56 theme nanofibers 882:891 arg1 efficiency 847:856 encapsulation efficiency 833:856 encapsulation efficiency 833:856 The encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of nanofibers were enhanced in the presence of REC. 27288819 6 56 theme nanofibers 882:891 arg1 capacity 870:877 loading capacity 862:877 loading capacity 862:877 The encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of nanofibers were enhanced in the presence of REC. 27288819 9 57 theme antimicrobial 1211:1223 arg1 effects 1225:1231 the antimicrobial effects 1207:1231 the antimicrobial effects of CS and EGCG 1207:1246 Meanwhile the CS-REC composites improved the antimicrobial effects of CS and EGCG by adsorption of bacteria to the surface of REC then enhancement of exposure of bacteria to EGCG and the matrix of CS. 27288819 3 58 theme average 511:517 arg1 diameter 519:526 The average diameter 507:526 The average diameter of nanofibers 507:540 The average diameter of nanofibers were enlarged with the addition of REC. 27288819 0 59 theme epigallocatechin 79:94 arg1 gallate 96:102 epigallocatechin gallate 79:102 epigallocatechin gallate 79:102 Antimicrobial application of nanofibrous mats self-assembled with chitosan and epigallocatechin gallate. 27288819 4 60 theme corresponding 674:686 arg1 mats 688:691 the corresponding mats 670:691 the corresponding mats 670:691 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results confirmed the deposition of CS and CS-REC onto the corresponding mats. 27288819 2 61 theme cellulose 366:374 arg1 nanofibers 376:385 LBL-structured cellulose nanofibers 351:385 LBL-structured cellulose nanofibers 351:385 LBL-structured cellulose nanofibers still maintained three-dimension fiber structure according to the observation from scanning electron microscopy images. 27288819 7 62 theme in-vitro 947:954 arg1 profiles 975:982 the in-vitro cumulative release profiles 943:982 the in-vitro cumulative release profiles of EGCG 943:990 In addition the in-vitro cumulative release profiles of EGCG indicate that the addition of REC delayed the release of EGCG. 27288819 1 63 theme CS-rectorite 238:249 arg1 bilayers 226:233 bilayers 226:233 bilayers of CS-rectorite (REC) composite (CS-REC) and EGCG 226:283 Cellulose electrospun nanofibrous mats coated with bilayers of chitosan (CS) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) or with bilayers of CS-rectorite (REC) composite (CS-REC) and EGCG were fabricated via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. 27288819 9 64 theme exposure 1316:1323 arg1 enhancement 1301:1311 enhancement 1301:1311 enhancement of exposure of bacteria to EGCG 1301:1343 Meanwhile the CS-REC composites improved the antimicrobial effects of CS and EGCG by adsorption of bacteria to the surface of REC then enhancement of exposure of bacteria to EGCG and the matrix of CS. 27288819 9 64 theme exposure 1316:1323 arg1 matrix 1353:1358 the matrix 1349:1358 the matrix of CS 1349:1364 Meanwhile the CS-REC composites improved the antimicrobial effects of CS and EGCG by adsorption of bacteria to the surface of REC then enhancement of exposure of bacteria to EGCG and the matrix of CS. 27288819 8 65 from effects 1103:1109 arg1 growth 1133:1138 the growth 1129:1138 the growth of Staphylococcus aureus 1129:1163 Antimicrobial assay demonstrated the inhibitory effects of CS and EGCG on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. 27288819 7 66 theme REC 1022:1024 arg1 addition 1010:1017 the addition 1006:1017 the addition of REC 1006:1024 In addition the in-vitro cumulative release profiles of EGCG indicate that the addition of REC delayed the release of EGCG. 27288819 2 67 theme LBL-structured 351:364 arg1 nanofibers 376:385 LBL-structured cellulose nanofibers 351:385 LBL-structured cellulose nanofibers 351:385 LBL-structured cellulose nanofibers still maintained three-dimension fiber structure according to the observation from scanning electron microscopy images. 27288819 8 68 theme aureus 1158:1163 arg1 growth 1133:1138 the growth 1129:1138 the growth of Staphylococcus aureus 1129:1163 Antimicrobial assay demonstrated the inhibitory effects of CS and EGCG on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. 27288819 5 69 from rate 719:722 arg1 break 741:745 break 741:745 break 741:745 The tensile strength and rate of elongation at break of LBL-structured nanofibers had no difference from those of uncoated nanofibers. 28606523 5 0 theme log 555:557 arg1 decrease 566:573 3.6 log CFU/mL decrease 551:573 3.6 log CFU/mL decrease of cells (L. acidophilus as model) 551:608 3.6 log CFU/mL decrease of cells (L. acidophilus as model) incorporated into chemical hydrogels when compared to the number of viable native cells. 28606523 7 1 theme cell 1078:1081 arg1 encapsulation 1083:1095 cell encapsulation 1078:1095 cell encapsulation 1078:1095 Overall, the developed systems are robust and their structure, rheology and swelling properties can be tuned by changing the blend ratio, thus constituting appealing bio-matrices for cell encapsulation. 28606523 6 2 theme hydrogel 819:826 arg1 network 828:834 the hydrogel network 815:834 the hydrogel network 815:834 However, the live/dead viability assay evidenced that a considerable amount of viable cells were still entrapped in the hydrogel network and therefore the viability is most likely underestimated. 28606523 1 3 theme dextran 155:161 arg1 sulfate 163:169 dextran sulfate 155:169 dextran sulfate 155:169 Physical and chemical (crosslinked with genipin) hydrogels based on chitosan and dextran sulfate were developed and characterized as novel bio-materials suitable for probiotic encapsulation. 28606523 1 4 dep hydrogels 123:131 arg1 crosslinked 97:107 crosslinked 97:107 crosslinked with genipin 97:120 Physical and chemical (crosslinked with genipin) hydrogels based on chitosan and dextran sulfate were developed and characterized as novel bio-materials suitable for probiotic encapsulation. 28606523 6 5 theme viability 722:730 arg1 assay 732:736 the live/dead viability assay 708:736 the live/dead viability assay evidenced that a considerable amount of viable cells were still entrapped in the hydrogel network and therefore the viability 708:862 However, the live/dead viability assay evidenced that a considerable amount of viable cells were still entrapped in the hydrogel network and therefore the viability is most likely underestimated. 28606523 6 6 theme live/dead 712:720 arg1 assay 732:736 the live/dead viability assay 708:736 the live/dead viability assay evidenced that a considerable amount of viable cells were still entrapped in the hydrogel network and therefore the viability 708:862 However, the live/dead viability assay evidenced that a considerable amount of viable cells were still entrapped in the hydrogel network and therefore the viability is most likely underestimated. 28606523 5 7 theme chemical 628:635 arg1 hydrogels 637:645 chemical hydrogels 628:645 chemical hydrogels 628:645 3.6 log CFU/mL decrease of cells (L. acidophilus as model) incorporated into chemical hydrogels when compared to the number of viable native cells. 28606523 1 8 theme Physical 74:81 arg1 hydrogels 123:131 Physical and chemical (crosslinked with genipin) hydrogels 74:131 Physical and chemical (crosslinked with genipin) hydrogels based on chitosan and dextran sulfate 74:169 Physical and chemical (crosslinked with genipin) hydrogels based on chitosan and dextran sulfate were developed and characterized as novel bio-materials suitable for probiotic encapsulation. 28606523 1 8 theme Physical 74:81 arg1 bio-materials 213:225 novel bio-materials 207:225 novel bio-materials suitable for probiotic encapsulation 207:262 Physical and chemical (crosslinked with genipin) hydrogels based on chitosan and dextran sulfate were developed and characterized as novel bio-materials suitable for probiotic encapsulation. 28606523 5 9 dep cells 578:582 arg1 acidophilus 588:598 L. acidophilus 585:598 L. acidophilus as model 585:607 3.6 log CFU/mL decrease of cells (L. acidophilus as model) incorporated into chemical hydrogels when compared to the number of viable native cells. 28606523 4 10 theme viability 502:510 arg1 tests 530:534 The viability and culturability tests 498:534 The viability and culturability tests 498:534 The viability and culturability tests showed approx. 28606523 0 11 theme potential 40:48 arg1 carrier 50:56 a potential carrier 38:56 a potential carrier for probiotics 38:71 Chitosan-dextran sulfate hydrogels as a potential carrier for probiotics. 28606523 3 12 theme morphology 378:387 arg1 analysis 389:396 The morphology analysis 374:396 The morphology analysis 374:396 The morphology analysis supports the swelling data showing distinct changes in microstructure depending on the composition. 28606523 1 13 theme chemical 87:94 arg1 hydrogels 123:131 Physical and chemical (crosslinked with genipin) hydrogels 74:131 Physical and chemical (crosslinked with genipin) hydrogels based on chitosan and dextran sulfate 74:169 Physical and chemical (crosslinked with genipin) hydrogels based on chitosan and dextran sulfate were developed and characterized as novel bio-materials suitable for probiotic encapsulation. 28606523 1 13 theme chemical 87:94 arg1 bio-materials 213:225 novel bio-materials 207:225 novel bio-materials suitable for probiotic encapsulation 207:262 Physical and chemical (crosslinked with genipin) hydrogels based on chitosan and dextran sulfate were developed and characterized as novel bio-materials suitable for probiotic encapsulation. 28606523 0 14 theme Chitosan-dextran 0:15 arg1 sulfate 17:23 Chitosan-dextran sulfate 0:23 Chitosan-dextran sulfate 0:23 Chitosan-dextran sulfate hydrogels as a potential carrier for probiotics. 28606523 6 15 theme cells 785:789 arg1 amount 768:773 a considerable amount 753:773 a considerable amount of viable cells 753:789 However, the live/dead viability assay evidenced that a considerable amount of viable cells were still entrapped in the hydrogel network and therefore the viability is most likely underestimated. 28606523 6 15 theme cells 785:789 arg1 cells 785:789 viable cells 778:789 viable cells 778:789 However, the live/dead viability assay evidenced that a considerable amount of viable cells were still entrapped in the hydrogel network and therefore the viability is most likely underestimated. 28606523 3 16 theme distinct 433:440 arg1 changes 442:448 distinct changes 433:448 distinct changes in microstructure 433:466 The morphology analysis supports the swelling data showing distinct changes in microstructure depending on the composition. 28606523 6 17 theme viable 778:783 arg1 cells 785:789 viable cells 778:789 viable cells 778:789 However, the live/dead viability assay evidenced that a considerable amount of viable cells were still entrapped in the hydrogel network and therefore the viability is most likely underestimated. 28606523 2 18 theme hydrogels 285:293 arg1 swelling 269:276 The swelling 265:276 The swelling of the hydrogels 265:293 The swelling of the hydrogels was dependent on the composition and weakly influenced by the pH of the media. 28606523 3 19 theme swelling 411:418 arg1 data 420:423 the swelling data 407:423 the swelling data showing distinct changes in microstructure 407:466 The morphology analysis supports the swelling data showing distinct changes in microstructure depending on the composition. 28606523 7 20 theme appealing 1051:1059 arg1 bio-matrices 1061:1072 appealing bio-matrices 1051:1072 appealing bio-matrices for cell encapsulation 1051:1095 Overall, the developed systems are robust and their structure, rheology and swelling properties can be tuned by changing the blend ratio, thus constituting appealing bio-matrices for cell encapsulation. 28606523 1 21 theme novel 207:211 arg1 hydrogels 123:131 Physical and chemical (crosslinked with genipin) hydrogels 74:131 Physical and chemical (crosslinked with genipin) hydrogels based on chitosan and dextran sulfate 74:169 Physical and chemical (crosslinked with genipin) hydrogels based on chitosan and dextran sulfate were developed and characterized as novel bio-materials suitable for probiotic encapsulation. 28606523 1 21 theme novel 207:211 arg1 bio-materials 213:225 novel bio-materials 207:225 novel bio-materials suitable for probiotic encapsulation 207:262 Physical and chemical (crosslinked with genipin) hydrogels based on chitosan and dextran sulfate were developed and characterized as novel bio-materials suitable for probiotic encapsulation. 28606523 5 22 theme CFU/mL 559:564 arg1 decrease 566:573 3.6 log CFU/mL decrease 551:573 3.6 log CFU/mL decrease of cells (L. acidophilus as model) 551:608 3.6 log CFU/mL decrease of cells (L. acidophilus as model) incorporated into chemical hydrogels when compared to the number of viable native cells. 28606523 5 23 theme viable 678:683 arg1 cells 692:696 viable native cells 678:696 viable native cells 678:696 3.6 log CFU/mL decrease of cells (L. acidophilus as model) incorporated into chemical hydrogels when compared to the number of viable native cells. 28606523 7 24 theme blend 1020:1024 arg1 ratio 1026:1030 the blend ratio 1016:1030 the blend ratio 1016:1030 Overall, the developed systems are robust and their structure, rheology and swelling properties can be tuned by changing the blend ratio, thus constituting appealing bio-matrices for cell encapsulation. 28606523 5 25 theme native 685:690 arg1 cells 692:696 viable native cells 678:696 viable native cells 678:696 3.6 log CFU/mL decrease of cells (L. acidophilus as model) incorporated into chemical hydrogels when compared to the number of viable native cells. 28606523 6 26 theme considerable 755:766 arg1 amount 768:773 a considerable amount 753:773 a considerable amount of viable cells 753:789 However, the live/dead viability assay evidenced that a considerable amount of viable cells were still entrapped in the hydrogel network and therefore the viability is most likely underestimated. 28606523 6 26 theme considerable 755:766 arg1 cells 785:789 viable cells 778:789 viable cells 778:789 However, the live/dead viability assay evidenced that a considerable amount of viable cells were still entrapped in the hydrogel network and therefore the viability is most likely underestimated. 28606523 5 27 theme cells 692:696 arg1 number 668:673 the number 664:673 the number of viable native cells 664:696 3.6 log CFU/mL decrease of cells (L. acidophilus as model) incorporated into chemical hydrogels when compared to the number of viable native cells. 28606523 5 28 theme cells 578:582 arg1 decrease 566:573 3.6 log CFU/mL decrease 551:573 3.6 log CFU/mL decrease of cells (L. acidophilus as model) 551:608 3.6 log CFU/mL decrease of cells (L. acidophilus as model) incorporated into chemical hydrogels when compared to the number of viable native cells. 28606523 3 29 from changes 442:448 arg1 microstructure 453:466 microstructure 453:466 microstructure 453:466 The morphology analysis supports the swelling data showing distinct changes in microstructure depending on the composition. 28606523 1 30 theme suitable 227:234 arg1 hydrogels 123:131 Physical and chemical (crosslinked with genipin) hydrogels 74:131 Physical and chemical (crosslinked with genipin) hydrogels based on chitosan and dextran sulfate 74:169 Physical and chemical (crosslinked with genipin) hydrogels based on chitosan and dextran sulfate were developed and characterized as novel bio-materials suitable for probiotic encapsulation. 28606523 1 30 theme suitable 227:234 arg1 bio-materials 213:225 novel bio-materials 207:225 novel bio-materials suitable for probiotic encapsulation 207:262 Physical and chemical (crosslinked with genipin) hydrogels based on chitosan and dextran sulfate were developed and characterized as novel bio-materials suitable for probiotic encapsulation. 28606523 7 31 dep structure 947:955 arg1 properties 980:989 properties 980:989 properties 980:989 Overall, the developed systems are robust and their structure, rheology and swelling properties can be tuned by changing the blend ratio, thus constituting appealing bio-matrices for cell encapsulation. 28606523 2 32 theme media 367:371 arg1 pH 357:358 the pH 353:358 the pH of the media 353:371 The swelling of the hydrogels was dependent on the composition and weakly influenced by the pH of the media. 28606523 7 33 theme developed 908:916 arg1 robust 930:935 robust 930:935 robust 930:935 Overall, the developed systems are robust and their structure, rheology and swelling properties can be tuned by changing the blend ratio, thus constituting appealing bio-matrices for cell encapsulation. 28606523 7 33 theme developed 908:916 arg1 systems 918:924 the developed systems 904:924 the developed systems 904:924 Overall, the developed systems are robust and their structure, rheology and swelling properties can be tuned by changing the blend ratio, thus constituting appealing bio-matrices for cell encapsulation. 28606523 1 34 theme probiotic 240:248 arg1 encapsulation 250:262 probiotic encapsulation 240:262 probiotic encapsulation 240:262 Physical and chemical (crosslinked with genipin) hydrogels based on chitosan and dextran sulfate were developed and characterized as novel bio-materials suitable for probiotic encapsulation. 28606523 4 35 theme culturability 516:528 arg1 tests 530:534 The viability and culturability tests 498:534 The viability and culturability tests 498:534 The viability and culturability tests showed approx. 28606523 5 36 theme 3.6 551:553 arg1 log 555:557 log 555:557 log 555:557 3.6 log CFU/mL decrease of cells (L. acidophilus as model) incorporated into chemical hydrogels when compared to the number of viable native cells. 25889942 8 0 theme cartilage 1115:1123 arg1 evaluation 1090:1099 Histological and biochemical evaluation 1061:1099 Histological and biochemical evaluation of the formed cartilage using hematoxylin and eosin and Alcian blue staining 1061:1176 RESULTS Histological and biochemical evaluation of the formed cartilage using hematoxylin and eosin and Alcian blue staining showed lacunae chondrocytes embedded in the proteoglycan rich matrix. 25889942 6 1 theme second 852:857 arg1 4 weeks 843:849 4 weeks 843:849 4 weeks (second group) 843:864 The implanted tissues were harvested after 4 weeks (second group) and after 8 weeks (third group). 25889942 6 1 theme second 852:857 arg1 group 859:863 second group 852:863 second group 852:863 The implanted tissues were harvested after 4 weeks (second group) and after 8 weeks (third group). 25889942 11 2 theme collagen 1582:1589 arg1 Sox 1606:1608 Sox 9 1606:1610 Sox 9 1606:1610 Quantitative PCR results confirmed a significant increase in cartilage associated genes expression (collagen type II, AggC, Sox 9) after implantation. 25889942 11 2 theme collagen 1582:1589 arg1 type 1591:1594 collagen type II 1582:1597 collagen type II 1582:1597 Quantitative PCR results confirmed a significant increase in cartilage associated genes expression (collagen type II, AggC, Sox 9) after implantation. 25889942 11 2 theme collagen 1582:1589 arg1 AggC 1600:1603 AggC 1600:1603 AggC 1600:1603 Quantitative PCR results confirmed a significant increase in cartilage associated genes expression (collagen type II, AggC, Sox 9) after implantation. 25889942 10 3 theme collagen 1464:1471 arg1 type 1473:1476 expressed high collagen type II 1449:1479 implantation expressed high collagen type II 1436:1479 Immunohistochemistry results showed the composites after implantation expressed high collagen type II. 25889942 2 4 theme cartilage 263:271 arg1 composite 273:281 a stable cartilage composite 254:281 a stable cartilage composite 254:281 Development of a stable cartilage composite is considered to be a good option. 25889942 8 5 theme Alcian 1157:1162 arg1 staining 1169:1176 Alcian blue staining 1157:1176 Alcian blue staining 1157:1176 RESULTS Histological and biochemical evaluation of the formed cartilage using hematoxylin and eosin and Alcian blue staining showed lacunae chondrocytes embedded in the proteoglycan rich matrix. 25889942 8 6 theme rich 1235:1238 arg1 matrix 1240:1245 the proteoglycan rich matrix 1218:1245 the proteoglycan rich matrix 1218:1245 RESULTS Histological and biochemical evaluation of the formed cartilage using hematoxylin and eosin and Alcian blue staining showed lacunae chondrocytes embedded in the proteoglycan rich matrix. 25889942 10 7 theme expressed 1449:1457 arg1 type 1473:1476 expressed high collagen type II 1449:1479 implantation expressed high collagen type II 1436:1479 Immunohistochemistry results showed the composites after implantation expressed high collagen type II. 25889942 9 8 from content 1314:1320 arg1 tissue 1337:1342 the removed tissue 1325:1342 the removed tissue 1325:1342 Dimethylmethylene blue assay demonstrated high glycosaminoglycans content in the removed tissue following 8 weeks of implantation. 25889942 12 9 theme CONCLUSION 1633:1642 arg1 scaffold 1653:1660 CONCLUSION Tantalum scaffold 1633:1660 CONCLUSION Tantalum scaffold with fibrin as cell carrier 1633:1688 CONCLUSION Tantalum scaffold with fibrin as cell carrier promotes chondrocyte proliferation and cartilaginous tissue formation. 25889942 7 10 theme quantitative 1026:1037 arg1 analysis 1043:1050 quantitative PCR analysis 1026:1050 quantitative PCR analysis 1026:1050 Specific characteristic of cartilage growth were studied by histological and biochemical assessment, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative PCR analysis. 25889942 5 11 theme third 786:790 arg1 groups 792:797 the second and third groups 771:797 the second and third groups 771:797 The first group was kept in vitro while a total of 12 constructs were implanted into the dorsum of mice for the second and third groups. 25889942 8 12 theme lacunae 1185:1191 arg1 chondrocytes 1193:1204 lacunae chondrocytes 1185:1204 lacunae chondrocytes embedded in the proteoglycan rich matrix 1185:1245 RESULTS Histological and biochemical evaluation of the formed cartilage using hematoxylin and eosin and Alcian blue staining showed lacunae chondrocytes embedded in the proteoglycan rich matrix. 25889942 13 13 theme stable 1798:1803 arg1 construct 1805:1813 a stable construct 1796:1813 a stable construct of tantalum and fibrin 1796:1836 Producing hyaline cartilage within a stable construct of tantalum and fibrin has a potential for treatment of cartilage defect. 25889942 0 14 theme defect 123:128 arg1 treatment 100:108 treatment 100:108 treatment of cartilage defect 100:128 Development of a cartilage composite utilizing porous tantalum, fibrin, and rabbit chondrocytes for treatment of cartilage defect. 25889942 8 15 theme embedded 1206:1213 arg1 chondrocytes 1193:1204 lacunae chondrocytes 1185:1204 lacunae chondrocytes embedded in the proteoglycan rich matrix 1185:1245 RESULTS Histological and biochemical evaluation of the formed cartilage using hematoxylin and eosin and Alcian blue staining showed lacunae chondrocytes embedded in the proteoglycan rich matrix. 25889942 11 16 theme cartilage 1543:1551 arg1 expression 1570:1579 cartilage associated genes expression 1543:1579 cartilage associated genes expression (collagen type II, AggC, Sox 9) 1543:1611 Quantitative PCR results confirmed a significant increase in cartilage associated genes expression (collagen type II, AggC, Sox 9) after implantation. 25889942 7 17 theme biochemical 976:986 arg1 assessment 988:997 histological and biochemical assessment 959:997 histological and biochemical assessment 959:997 Specific characteristic of cartilage growth were studied by histological and biochemical assessment, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative PCR analysis. 25889942 9 18 theme Dimethylmethylene 1248:1264 arg1 assay 1271:1275 Dimethylmethylene blue assay 1248:1275 Dimethylmethylene blue assay 1248:1275 Dimethylmethylene blue assay demonstrated high glycosaminoglycans content in the removed tissue following 8 weeks of implantation. 25889942 7 19 theme cartilage 926:934 arg1 growth 936:941 cartilage growth 926:941 cartilage growth 926:941 Specific characteristic of cartilage growth were studied by histological and biochemical assessment, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative PCR analysis. 25889942 5 20 theme constructs 717:726 arg1 total 705:709 a total 703:709 a total of 12 constructs 703:726 The first group was kept in vitro while a total of 12 constructs were implanted into the dorsum of mice for the second and third groups. 25889942 3 21 from incorporation 366:378 arg1 tantalum 415:422 porous tantalum 408:422 porous tantalum utilizing fibrin as a cell carrier 408:457 The aim of the study was to observe whether the incorporation of cultured chondrocytes on porous tantalum utilizing fibrin as a cell carrier would promote cartilage tissue formation. 25889942 4 22 with tantalum 569:576 arg1 fibrin 583:588 fibrin 583:588 fibrin 583:588 METHODS Rabbit articular chondrocytes were cultured and seeded onto tantalum with fibrin as temporary matrix in a composite, which was divided into three groups. 25889942 1 23 theme Functional 141:150 arg1 engineering 159:169 OBJECTIVE Functional tissue engineering 131:169 OBJECTIVE Functional tissue engineering 131:169 OBJECTIVE Functional tissue engineering has emerged as a potential means for treatment of cartilage defect. 25889942 12 24 theme tissue 1743:1748 arg1 formation 1750:1758 cartilaginous tissue formation 1729:1758 cartilaginous tissue formation 1729:1758 CONCLUSION Tantalum scaffold with fibrin as cell carrier promotes chondrocyte proliferation and cartilaginous tissue formation. 25889942 9 25 theme high 1290:1293 arg1 content 1314:1320 high glycosaminoglycans content 1290:1320 high glycosaminoglycans content in the removed tissue 1290:1342 Dimethylmethylene blue assay demonstrated high glycosaminoglycans content in the removed tissue following 8 weeks of implantation. 25889942 3 26 theme study 333:337 arg1 aim 322:324 The aim 318:324 The aim of the study 318:337 The aim of the study was to observe whether the incorporation of cultured chondrocytes on porous tantalum utilizing fibrin as a cell carrier would promote cartilage tissue formation. 25889942 11 27 theme genes 1564:1568 arg1 expression 1570:1579 cartilage associated genes expression 1543:1579 cartilage associated genes expression (collagen type II, AggC, Sox 9) 1543:1611 Quantitative PCR results confirmed a significant increase in cartilage associated genes expression (collagen type II, AggC, Sox 9) after implantation. 25889942 0 28 theme rabbit 76:81 arg1 chondrocytes 83:94 porous tantalum, fibrin, and rabbit chondrocytes 47:94 porous tantalum, fibrin, and rabbit chondrocytes 47:94 Development of a cartilage composite utilizing porous tantalum, fibrin, and rabbit chondrocytes for treatment of cartilage defect. 25889942 12 29 theme chondrocyte 1699:1709 arg1 proliferation 1711:1723 chondrocyte proliferation 1699:1723 chondrocyte proliferation 1699:1723 CONCLUSION Tantalum scaffold with fibrin as cell carrier promotes chondrocyte proliferation and cartilaginous tissue formation. 25889942 11 30 theme Quantitative 1482:1493 arg1 results 1499:1505 Quantitative PCR results 1482:1505 Quantitative PCR results 1482:1505 Quantitative PCR results confirmed a significant increase in cartilage associated genes expression (collagen type II, AggC, Sox 9) after implantation. 25889942 11 31 from increase 1531:1538 arg1 expression 1570:1579 cartilage associated genes expression 1543:1579 cartilage associated genes expression (collagen type II, AggC, Sox 9) 1543:1611 Quantitative PCR results confirmed a significant increase in cartilage associated genes expression (collagen type II, AggC, Sox 9) after implantation. 25889942 5 32 theme second 775:780 arg1 groups 792:797 the second and third groups 771:797 the second and third groups 771:797 The first group was kept in vitro while a total of 12 constructs were implanted into the dorsum of mice for the second and third groups. 25889942 3 33 theme cultured 383:390 arg1 chondrocytes 392:403 cultured chondrocytes 383:403 cultured chondrocytes 383:403 The aim of the study was to observe whether the incorporation of cultured chondrocytes on porous tantalum utilizing fibrin as a cell carrier would promote cartilage tissue formation. 25889942 0 34 theme composite 27:35 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development of a cartilage composite utilizing porous tantalum, fibrin, and rabbit chondrocytes for treatment of cartilage defect. 0:129 Development of a cartilage composite utilizing porous tantalum, fibrin, and rabbit chondrocytes for treatment of cartilage defect. 25889942 9 35 theme implantation 1365:1376 arg1 8 weeks 1354:1360 8 weeks 1354:1360 8 weeks of implantation 1354:1376 Dimethylmethylene blue assay demonstrated high glycosaminoglycans content in the removed tissue following 8 weeks of implantation. 25889942 6 36 theme implanted 804:812 arg1 tissues 814:820 The implanted tissues 800:820 The implanted tissues 800:820 The implanted tissues were harvested after 4 weeks (second group) and after 8 weeks (third group). 25889942 4 37 theme Rabbit 509:514 arg1 chondrocytes 526:537 METHODS Rabbit articular chondrocytes 501:537 METHODS Rabbit articular chondrocytes 501:537 METHODS Rabbit articular chondrocytes were cultured and seeded onto tantalum with fibrin as temporary matrix in a composite, which was divided into three groups. 25889942 4 37 theme Rabbit 509:514 arg1 matrix 603:608 temporary matrix 593:608 temporary matrix in a composite, which was divided into three groups 593:660 METHODS Rabbit articular chondrocytes were cultured and seeded onto tantalum with fibrin as temporary matrix in a composite, which was divided into three groups. 25889942 0 38 theme porous 47:52 arg1 chondrocytes 83:94 porous tantalum, fibrin, and rabbit chondrocytes 47:94 porous tantalum, fibrin, and rabbit chondrocytes 47:94 Development of a cartilage composite utilizing porous tantalum, fibrin, and rabbit chondrocytes for treatment of cartilage defect. 25889942 8 39 theme Histological 1061:1072 arg1 evaluation 1090:1099 Histological and biochemical evaluation 1061:1099 Histological and biochemical evaluation of the formed cartilage using hematoxylin and eosin and Alcian blue staining 1061:1176 RESULTS Histological and biochemical evaluation of the formed cartilage using hematoxylin and eosin and Alcian blue staining showed lacunae chondrocytes embedded in the proteoglycan rich matrix. 25889942 10 40 dep implantation 1436:1447 arg1 type 1473:1476 expressed high collagen type II 1449:1479 implantation expressed high collagen type II 1436:1479 Immunohistochemistry results showed the composites after implantation expressed high collagen type II. 25889942 8 41 theme biochemical 1078:1088 arg1 evaluation 1090:1099 Histological and biochemical evaluation 1061:1099 Histological and biochemical evaluation of the formed cartilage using hematoxylin and eosin and Alcian blue staining 1061:1176 RESULTS Histological and biochemical evaluation of the formed cartilage using hematoxylin and eosin and Alcian blue staining showed lacunae chondrocytes embedded in the proteoglycan rich matrix. 25889942 4 42 theme temporary 593:601 arg1 chondrocytes 526:537 METHODS Rabbit articular chondrocytes 501:537 METHODS Rabbit articular chondrocytes 501:537 METHODS Rabbit articular chondrocytes were cultured and seeded onto tantalum with fibrin as temporary matrix in a composite, which was divided into three groups. 25889942 4 42 theme temporary 593:601 arg1 matrix 603:608 temporary matrix 593:608 temporary matrix in a composite, which was divided into three groups 593:660 METHODS Rabbit articular chondrocytes were cultured and seeded onto tantalum with fibrin as temporary matrix in a composite, which was divided into three groups. 25889942 10 43 theme Immunohistochemistry 1379:1398 arg1 results 1400:1406 Immunohistochemistry results 1379:1406 Immunohistochemistry results 1379:1406 Immunohistochemistry results showed the composites after implantation expressed high collagen type II. 25889942 1 44 theme defect 231:236 arg1 treatment 208:216 treatment 208:216 treatment of cartilage defect 208:236 OBJECTIVE Functional tissue engineering has emerged as a potential means for treatment of cartilage defect. 25889942 13 45 theme defect 1881:1886 arg1 treatment 1858:1866 treatment 1858:1866 treatment of cartilage defect 1858:1886 Producing hyaline cartilage within a stable construct of tantalum and fibrin has a potential for treatment of cartilage defect. 25889942 3 46 theme tissue 483:488 arg1 formation 490:498 cartilage tissue formation 473:498 cartilage tissue formation 473:498 The aim of the study was to observe whether the incorporation of cultured chondrocytes on porous tantalum utilizing fibrin as a cell carrier would promote cartilage tissue formation. 25889942 8 47 theme formed 1108:1113 arg1 cartilage 1115:1123 the formed cartilage 1104:1123 the formed cartilage using hematoxylin and eosin and Alcian blue staining 1104:1176 RESULTS Histological and biochemical evaluation of the formed cartilage using hematoxylin and eosin and Alcian blue staining showed lacunae chondrocytes embedded in the proteoglycan rich matrix. 25889942 12 48 with scaffold 1653:1660 arg1 fibrin 1667:1672 fibrin 1667:1672 fibrin 1667:1672 CONCLUSION Tantalum scaffold with fibrin as cell carrier promotes chondrocyte proliferation and cartilaginous tissue formation. 25889942 8 49 from embedded 1206:1213 arg1 matrix 1240:1245 the proteoglycan rich matrix 1218:1245 the proteoglycan rich matrix 1218:1245 RESULTS Histological and biochemical evaluation of the formed cartilage using hematoxylin and eosin and Alcian blue staining showed lacunae chondrocytes embedded in the proteoglycan rich matrix. 25889942 2 50 theme composite 273:281 arg1 option 310:315 a good option 303:315 a good option 303:315 Development of a stable cartilage composite is considered to be a good option. 25889942 2 50 theme composite 273:281 arg1 Development 239:249 Development 239:249 Development of a stable cartilage composite 239:281 Development of a stable cartilage composite is considered to be a good option. 25889942 13 51 theme tantalum 1818:1825 arg1 construct 1805:1813 a stable construct 1796:1813 a stable construct of tantalum and fibrin 1796:1836 Producing hyaline cartilage within a stable construct of tantalum and fibrin has a potential for treatment of cartilage defect. 25889942 7 52 theme PCR 1039:1041 arg1 analysis 1043:1050 quantitative PCR analysis 1026:1050 quantitative PCR analysis 1026:1050 Specific characteristic of cartilage growth were studied by histological and biochemical assessment, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative PCR analysis. 25889942 10 53 theme high 1459:1462 arg1 type 1473:1476 expressed high collagen type II 1449:1479 implantation expressed high collagen type II 1436:1479 Immunohistochemistry results showed the composites after implantation expressed high collagen type II. 25889942 2 54 theme good 305:308 arg1 option 310:315 a good option 303:315 a good option 303:315 Development of a stable cartilage composite is considered to be a good option. 25889942 2 54 theme good 305:308 arg1 Development 239:249 Development 239:249 Development of a stable cartilage composite 239:281 Development of a stable cartilage composite is considered to be a good option. 25889942 12 55 theme Tantalum 1644:1651 arg1 scaffold 1653:1660 CONCLUSION Tantalum scaffold 1633:1660 CONCLUSION Tantalum scaffold with fibrin as cell carrier 1633:1688 CONCLUSION Tantalum scaffold with fibrin as cell carrier promotes chondrocyte proliferation and cartilaginous tissue formation. 25889942 8 56 theme proteoglycan 1222:1233 arg1 matrix 1240:1245 the proteoglycan rich matrix 1218:1245 the proteoglycan rich matrix 1218:1245 RESULTS Histological and biochemical evaluation of the formed cartilage using hematoxylin and eosin and Alcian blue staining showed lacunae chondrocytes embedded in the proteoglycan rich matrix. 25889942 13 57 theme fibrin 1831:1836 arg1 construct 1805:1813 a stable construct 1796:1813 a stable construct of tantalum and fibrin 1796:1836 Producing hyaline cartilage within a stable construct of tantalum and fibrin has a potential for treatment of cartilage defect. 25889942 0 58 theme cartilage 113:121 arg1 defect 123:128 cartilage defect 113:128 cartilage defect 113:128 Development of a cartilage composite utilizing porous tantalum, fibrin, and rabbit chondrocytes for treatment of cartilage defect. 25889942 1 59 theme potential 188:196 arg1 means 198:202 a potential means 186:202 a potential means for treatment of cartilage defect 186:236 OBJECTIVE Functional tissue engineering has emerged as a potential means for treatment of cartilage defect. 25889942 8 60 theme blue 1164:1167 arg1 staining 1169:1176 Alcian blue staining 1157:1176 Alcian blue staining 1157:1176 RESULTS Histological and biochemical evaluation of the formed cartilage using hematoxylin and eosin and Alcian blue staining showed lacunae chondrocytes embedded in the proteoglycan rich matrix. 25889942 8 61 dep RESULTS 1053:1059 arg1 showed 1178:1183 showed 1178:1183 showed lacunae chondrocytes embedded in the proteoglycan rich matrix 1178:1245 RESULTS Histological and biochemical evaluation of the formed cartilage using hematoxylin and eosin and Alcian blue staining showed lacunae chondrocytes embedded in the proteoglycan rich matrix. 25889942 6 62 theme third 885:889 arg1 8 weeks 876:882 8 weeks 876:882 8 weeks (third group) 876:896 The implanted tissues were harvested after 4 weeks (second group) and after 8 weeks (third group). 25889942 6 62 theme third 885:889 arg1 group 891:895 third group 885:895 third group 885:895 The implanted tissues were harvested after 4 weeks (second group) and after 8 weeks (third group). 25889942 7 63 theme histological 959:970 arg1 assessment 988:997 histological and biochemical assessment 959:997 histological and biochemical assessment 959:997 Specific characteristic of cartilage growth were studied by histological and biochemical assessment, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative PCR analysis. 25889942 5 64 theme first 667:671 arg1 group 673:677 The first group 663:677 The first group 663:677 The first group was kept in vitro while a total of 12 constructs were implanted into the dorsum of mice for the second and third groups. 25889942 2 65 theme stable 256:261 arg1 composite 273:281 a stable cartilage composite 254:281 a stable cartilage composite 254:281 Development of a stable cartilage composite is considered to be a good option. 25889942 11 66 theme significant 1519:1529 arg1 increase 1531:1538 a significant increase 1517:1538 a significant increase in cartilage associated genes expression (collagen type II, AggC, Sox 9) 1517:1611 Quantitative PCR results confirmed a significant increase in cartilage associated genes expression (collagen type II, AggC, Sox 9) after implantation. 25889942 0 67 theme fibrin 64:69 arg1 chondrocytes 83:94 porous tantalum, fibrin, and rabbit chondrocytes 47:94 porous tantalum, fibrin, and rabbit chondrocytes 47:94 Development of a cartilage composite utilizing porous tantalum, fibrin, and rabbit chondrocytes for treatment of cartilage defect. 25889942 9 68 theme blue 1266:1269 arg1 assay 1271:1275 Dimethylmethylene blue assay 1248:1275 Dimethylmethylene blue assay 1248:1275 Dimethylmethylene blue assay demonstrated high glycosaminoglycans content in the removed tissue following 8 weeks of implantation. 25889942 7 69 theme growth 936:941 arg1 characteristic 908:921 Specific characteristic 899:921 Specific characteristic of cartilage growth 899:941 Specific characteristic of cartilage growth were studied by histological and biochemical assessment, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative PCR analysis. 25889942 1 70 theme OBJECTIVE 131:139 arg1 engineering 159:169 OBJECTIVE Functional tissue engineering 131:169 OBJECTIVE Functional tissue engineering 131:169 OBJECTIVE Functional tissue engineering has emerged as a potential means for treatment of cartilage defect. 25889942 4 71 from matrix 603:608 arg1 composite 615:623 a composite 613:623 a composite 613:623 METHODS Rabbit articular chondrocytes were cultured and seeded onto tantalum with fibrin as temporary matrix in a composite, which was divided into three groups. 25889942 8 72 from matrix 1240:1245 arg1 embedded 1206:1213 embedded 1206:1213 embedded 1206:1213 RESULTS Histological and biochemical evaluation of the formed cartilage using hematoxylin and eosin and Alcian blue staining showed lacunae chondrocytes embedded in the proteoglycan rich matrix. 25889942 1 73 theme tissue 152:157 arg1 engineering 159:169 OBJECTIVE Functional tissue engineering 131:169 OBJECTIVE Functional tissue engineering 131:169 OBJECTIVE Functional tissue engineering has emerged as a potential means for treatment of cartilage defect. 25889942 12 74 theme cartilaginous 1729:1741 arg1 formation 1750:1758 cartilaginous tissue formation 1729:1758 cartilaginous tissue formation 1729:1758 CONCLUSION Tantalum scaffold with fibrin as cell carrier promotes chondrocyte proliferation and cartilaginous tissue formation. 25889942 4 75 theme METHODS 501:507 arg1 chondrocytes 526:537 METHODS Rabbit articular chondrocytes 501:537 METHODS Rabbit articular chondrocytes 501:537 METHODS Rabbit articular chondrocytes were cultured and seeded onto tantalum with fibrin as temporary matrix in a composite, which was divided into three groups. 25889942 4 75 theme METHODS 501:507 arg1 matrix 603:608 temporary matrix 593:608 temporary matrix in a composite, which was divided into three groups 593:660 METHODS Rabbit articular chondrocytes were cultured and seeded onto tantalum with fibrin as temporary matrix in a composite, which was divided into three groups. 25889942 13 76 theme hyaline 1771:1777 arg1 cartilage 1779:1787 hyaline cartilage 1771:1787 hyaline cartilage 1771:1787 Producing hyaline cartilage within a stable construct of tantalum and fibrin has a potential for treatment of cartilage defect. 25889942 11 77 theme associated 1553:1562 arg1 expression 1570:1579 cartilage associated genes expression 1543:1579 cartilage associated genes expression (collagen type II, AggC, Sox 9) 1543:1611 Quantitative PCR results confirmed a significant increase in cartilage associated genes expression (collagen type II, AggC, Sox 9) after implantation. 25889942 9 78 theme glycosaminoglycans 1295:1312 arg1 content 1314:1320 high glycosaminoglycans content 1290:1320 high glycosaminoglycans content in the removed tissue 1290:1342 Dimethylmethylene blue assay demonstrated high glycosaminoglycans content in the removed tissue following 8 weeks of implantation. 25889942 7 79 theme Specific 899:906 arg1 characteristic 908:921 Specific characteristic 899:921 Specific characteristic of cartilage growth 899:941 Specific characteristic of cartilage growth were studied by histological and biochemical assessment, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative PCR analysis. 25889942 5 80 theme mice 762:765 arg1 dorsum 752:757 the dorsum 748:757 the dorsum of mice 748:765 The first group was kept in vitro while a total of 12 constructs were implanted into the dorsum of mice for the second and third groups. 25889942 9 81 theme removed 1329:1335 arg1 tissue 1337:1342 the removed tissue 1325:1342 the removed tissue 1325:1342 Dimethylmethylene blue assay demonstrated high glycosaminoglycans content in the removed tissue following 8 weeks of implantation. 25889942 11 82 dep expression 1570:1579 arg1 Sox 1606:1608 Sox 9 1606:1610 Sox 9 1606:1610 Quantitative PCR results confirmed a significant increase in cartilage associated genes expression (collagen type II, AggC, Sox 9) after implantation. 25889942 11 82 dep expression 1570:1579 arg1 type 1591:1594 collagen type II 1582:1597 collagen type II 1582:1597 Quantitative PCR results confirmed a significant increase in cartilage associated genes expression (collagen type II, AggC, Sox 9) after implantation. 25889942 11 82 dep expression 1570:1579 arg1 AggC 1600:1603 AggC 1600:1603 AggC 1600:1603 Quantitative PCR results confirmed a significant increase in cartilage associated genes expression (collagen type II, AggC, Sox 9) after implantation. 25889942 3 83 theme porous 408:413 arg1 tantalum 415:422 porous tantalum 408:422 porous tantalum utilizing fibrin as a cell carrier 408:457 The aim of the study was to observe whether the incorporation of cultured chondrocytes on porous tantalum utilizing fibrin as a cell carrier would promote cartilage tissue formation. 25889942 0 84 theme cartilage 17:25 arg1 composite 27:35 a cartilage composite 15:35 a cartilage composite utilizing porous tantalum, fibrin, and rabbit chondrocytes for treatment of cartilage defect 15:128 Development of a cartilage composite utilizing porous tantalum, fibrin, and rabbit chondrocytes for treatment of cartilage defect. 25889942 11 85 theme PCR 1495:1497 arg1 results 1499:1505 Quantitative PCR results 1482:1505 Quantitative PCR results 1482:1505 Quantitative PCR results confirmed a significant increase in cartilage associated genes expression (collagen type II, AggC, Sox 9) after implantation. 25889942 3 86 theme cell 446:449 arg1 carrier 451:457 a cell carrier 444:457 a cell carrier 444:457 The aim of the study was to observe whether the incorporation of cultured chondrocytes on porous tantalum utilizing fibrin as a cell carrier would promote cartilage tissue formation. 25889942 3 86 theme cell 446:449 arg1 fibrin 434:439 fibrin 434:439 fibrin 434:439 The aim of the study was to observe whether the incorporation of cultured chondrocytes on porous tantalum utilizing fibrin as a cell carrier would promote cartilage tissue formation. 25889942 12 87 theme cell 1677:1680 arg1 carrier 1682:1688 cell carrier 1677:1688 cell carrier 1677:1688 CONCLUSION Tantalum scaffold with fibrin as cell carrier promotes chondrocyte proliferation and cartilaginous tissue formation. 25889942 3 88 theme chondrocytes 392:403 arg1 incorporation 366:378 the incorporation 362:378 the incorporation of cultured chondrocytes on porous tantalum utilizing fibrin as a cell carrier 362:457 The aim of the study was to observe whether the incorporation of cultured chondrocytes on porous tantalum utilizing fibrin as a cell carrier would promote cartilage tissue formation. 25889942 4 89 theme articular 516:524 arg1 chondrocytes 526:537 METHODS Rabbit articular chondrocytes 501:537 METHODS Rabbit articular chondrocytes 501:537 METHODS Rabbit articular chondrocytes were cultured and seeded onto tantalum with fibrin as temporary matrix in a composite, which was divided into three groups. 25889942 4 89 theme articular 516:524 arg1 matrix 603:608 temporary matrix 593:608 temporary matrix in a composite, which was divided into three groups 593:660 METHODS Rabbit articular chondrocytes were cultured and seeded onto tantalum with fibrin as temporary matrix in a composite, which was divided into three groups. 25889942 0 90 theme tantalum 54:61 arg1 chondrocytes 83:94 porous tantalum, fibrin, and rabbit chondrocytes 47:94 porous tantalum, fibrin, and rabbit chondrocytes 47:94 Development of a cartilage composite utilizing porous tantalum, fibrin, and rabbit chondrocytes for treatment of cartilage defect. 25889942 3 91 theme cartilage 473:481 arg1 formation 490:498 cartilage tissue formation 473:498 cartilage tissue formation 473:498 The aim of the study was to observe whether the incorporation of cultured chondrocytes on porous tantalum utilizing fibrin as a cell carrier would promote cartilage tissue formation. 25889942 1 92 theme cartilage 221:229 arg1 defect 231:236 cartilage defect 221:236 cartilage defect 221:236 OBJECTIVE Functional tissue engineering has emerged as a potential means for treatment of cartilage defect. 25889942 13 93 theme cartilage 1871:1879 arg1 defect 1881:1886 cartilage defect 1871:1886 cartilage defect 1871:1886 Producing hyaline cartilage within a stable construct of tantalum and fibrin has a potential for treatment of cartilage defect. 28537074 0 0 theme Tissue 90:95 arg1 Engineering 97:107 Bone Tissue Engineering 85:107 Bone Tissue Engineering 85:107 Polylactic Acid Nanofiber Scaffold Decorated with Chitosan Islandlike Topography for Bone Tissue Engineering. 28537074 1 1 theme automatic 321:329 arg1 separation 337:346 automatic phase separation 321:346 automatic phase separation 321:346 In this work, a bicomponent scaffold with a core-shell and islandlike structure that combines the respective advantages of polylactic acid (PLA) and chitosan (CS) was prepared via electrospinning accompanied by automatic phase separation and crystallization. 28537074 3 2 dep morphology 565:574 arg1 The 561:563 The 561:563 The 561:563 The morphology, inner structure, surface composition, crystallinity, and thermodynamic analyses of nanofibers with various PLA/CS ratios were carried out, and the turning mechanism of a core-shell or islandlike topography structure was also speculated. 28537074 2 3 theme fiber 481:485 arg1 surface 487:493 PLA electrospun fiber surface 465:493 PLA electrospun fiber surface 465:493 The objective of this research was to design nanosized topography with highly bioactive CS onto PLA electrospun fiber surface to improve the cell biocompatibility of the PLA fibrous membrane. 28537074 1 4 theme phase 331:335 arg1 separation 337:346 automatic phase separation 321:346 automatic phase separation 321:346 In this work, a bicomponent scaffold with a core-shell and islandlike structure that combines the respective advantages of polylactic acid (PLA) and chitosan (CS) was prepared via electrospinning accompanied by automatic phase separation and crystallization. 28537074 4 5 theme preosteoblast 874:886 arg1 cells 899:903 preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cells 874:903 preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cells 874:903 The mineralization of hydroxyapatite and culture results of preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cells on the modified scaffolds indicate that the outer CS component and rough nanoscale topography on the surface of the nanofibers balanced the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the fibers, enhanced their mineralization ability, and made them more beneficial for the attachment and growth of cells. 28537074 1 6 theme core-shell 154:163 arg1 structure 180:188 a core-shell and islandlike structure 152:188 a core-shell and islandlike structure that combines the respective advantages of polylactic acid (PLA) and chitosan (CS) 152:271 In this work, a bicomponent scaffold with a core-shell and islandlike structure that combines the respective advantages of polylactic acid (PLA) and chitosan (CS) was prepared via electrospinning accompanied by automatic phase separation and crystallization. 28537074 5 7 theme fiber 1252:1256 arg1 surface 1258:1264 the fiber surface 1248:1264 the fiber surface 1248:1264 Moreover, CS and "islandlike" protrusions on the fiber surface increased the alkaline phosphatase activity of the MC3T3-E1 cells seeded on the fibrous membrane and provided a more appropriate interface for cell adhesion and proliferation. 28537074 4 8 theme CS 955:956 arg1 component 958:966 the outer CS component 945:966 the outer CS component 945:966 The mineralization of hydroxyapatite and culture results of preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cells on the modified scaffolds indicate that the outer CS component and rough nanoscale topography on the surface of the nanofibers balanced the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the fibers, enhanced their mineralization ability, and made them more beneficial for the attachment and growth of cells. 28537074 1 9 with scaffold 138:145 arg1 structure 180:188 a core-shell and islandlike structure 152:188 a core-shell and islandlike structure that combines the respective advantages of polylactic acid (PLA) and chitosan (CS) 152:271 In this work, a bicomponent scaffold with a core-shell and islandlike structure that combines the respective advantages of polylactic acid (PLA) and chitosan (CS) was prepared via electrospinning accompanied by automatic phase separation and crystallization. 28537074 4 10 theme hydroxyapatite 836:849 arg1 mineralization 818:831 The mineralization 814:831 The mineralization of hydroxyapatite and culture results of preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cells on the modified scaffolds 814:929 The mineralization of hydroxyapatite and culture results of preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cells on the modified scaffolds indicate that the outer CS component and rough nanoscale topography on the surface of the nanofibers balanced the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the fibers, enhanced their mineralization ability, and made them more beneficial for the attachment and growth of cells. 28537074 5 11 theme CS 1213:1214 arg1 protrusions 1233:1243 CS and "islandlike" protrusions 1213:1243 CS and "islandlike" protrusions on the fiber surface 1213:1264 Moreover, CS and "islandlike" protrusions on the fiber surface increased the alkaline phosphatase activity of the MC3T3-E1 cells seeded on the fibrous membrane and provided a more appropriate interface for cell adhesion and proliferation. 28537074 4 12 theme outer 949:953 arg1 component 958:966 the outer CS component 945:966 the outer CS component 945:966 The mineralization of hydroxyapatite and culture results of preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cells on the modified scaffolds indicate that the outer CS component and rough nanoscale topography on the surface of the nanofibers balanced the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the fibers, enhanced their mineralization ability, and made them more beneficial for the attachment and growth of cells. 28537074 5 13 theme appropriate 1383:1393 arg1 interface 1395:1403 a more appropriate interface 1376:1403 a more appropriate interface for cell adhesion and proliferation 1376:1439 Moreover, CS and "islandlike" protrusions on the fiber surface increased the alkaline phosphatase activity of the MC3T3-E1 cells seeded on the fibrous membrane and provided a more appropriate interface for cell adhesion and proliferation. 28537074 4 14 theme MC3T3-E1 889:896 arg1 cells 899:903 preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cells 874:903 preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cells 874:903 The mineralization of hydroxyapatite and culture results of preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cells on the modified scaffolds indicate that the outer CS component and rough nanoscale topography on the surface of the nanofibers balanced the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the fibers, enhanced their mineralization ability, and made them more beneficial for the attachment and growth of cells. 28537074 5 15 theme fibrous 1346:1352 arg1 membrane 1354:1361 the fibrous membrane 1342:1361 the fibrous membrane 1342:1361 Moreover, CS and "islandlike" protrusions on the fiber surface increased the alkaline phosphatase activity of the MC3T3-E1 cells seeded on the fibrous membrane and provided a more appropriate interface for cell adhesion and proliferation. 28537074 3 16 with nanofibers 660:669 arg1 ratios 691:696 various PLA/CS ratios 676:696 various PLA/CS ratios 676:696 The morphology, inner structure, surface composition, crystallinity, and thermodynamic analyses of nanofibers with various PLA/CS ratios were carried out, and the turning mechanism of a core-shell or islandlike topography structure was also speculated. 28537074 1 17 theme chitosan 259:266 arg1 advantages 219:228 the respective advantages 204:228 the respective advantages of polylactic acid (PLA) and chitosan (CS) 204:271 In this work, a bicomponent scaffold with a core-shell and islandlike structure that combines the respective advantages of polylactic acid (PLA) and chitosan (CS) was prepared via electrospinning accompanied by automatic phase separation and crystallization. 28537074 2 18 theme cell 510:513 arg1 biocompatibility 515:530 the cell biocompatibility 506:530 the cell biocompatibility of the PLA fibrous membrane 506:558 The objective of this research was to design nanosized topography with highly bioactive CS onto PLA electrospun fiber surface to improve the cell biocompatibility of the PLA fibrous membrane. 28537074 3 19 theme turning 724:730 arg1 mechanism 732:740 the turning mechanism 720:740 the turning mechanism of a core-shell or islandlike topography structure 720:791 The morphology, inner structure, surface composition, crystallinity, and thermodynamic analyses of nanofibers with various PLA/CS ratios were carried out, and the turning mechanism of a core-shell or islandlike topography structure was also speculated. 28537074 4 20 theme culture 855:861 arg1 results 863:869 culture results 855:869 culture results 855:869 The mineralization of hydroxyapatite and culture results of preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cells on the modified scaffolds indicate that the outer CS component and rough nanoscale topography on the surface of the nanofibers balanced the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the fibers, enhanced their mineralization ability, and made them more beneficial for the attachment and growth of cells. 28537074 4 21 dep nanofibers 1021:1030 arg1 balanced 1032:1039 balanced 1032:1039 balanced 1032:1039 The mineralization of hydroxyapatite and culture results of preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cells on the modified scaffolds indicate that the outer CS component and rough nanoscale topography on the surface of the nanofibers balanced the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the fibers, enhanced their mineralization ability, and made them more beneficial for the attachment and growth of cells. 28537074 2 22 theme research 391:398 arg1 objective 373:381 The objective 369:381 The objective of this research 369:398 The objective of this research was to design nanosized topography with highly bioactive CS onto PLA electrospun fiber surface to improve the cell biocompatibility of the PLA fibrous membrane. 28537074 4 23 theme nanofibers 1021:1030 arg1 surface 1006:1012 the surface 1002:1012 the surface of the nanofibers balanced the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the fibers 1002:1091 The mineralization of hydroxyapatite and culture results of preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cells on the modified scaffolds indicate that the outer CS component and rough nanoscale topography on the surface of the nanofibers balanced the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the fibers, enhanced their mineralization ability, and made them more beneficial for the attachment and growth of cells. 28537074 1 24 theme islandlike 169:178 arg1 structure 180:188 a core-shell and islandlike structure 152:188 a core-shell and islandlike structure that combines the respective advantages of polylactic acid (PLA) and chitosan (CS) 152:271 In this work, a bicomponent scaffold with a core-shell and islandlike structure that combines the respective advantages of polylactic acid (PLA) and chitosan (CS) was prepared via electrospinning accompanied by automatic phase separation and crystallization. 28537074 0 25 theme Acid 11:14 arg1 Scaffold 26:33 Polylactic Acid Nanofiber Scaffold 0:33 Polylactic Acid Nanofiber Scaffold 0:33 Polylactic Acid Nanofiber Scaffold Decorated with Chitosan Islandlike Topography for Bone Tissue Engineering. 28537074 0 26 theme Bone 85:88 arg1 Engineering 97:107 Bone Tissue Engineering 85:107 Bone Tissue Engineering 85:107 Polylactic Acid Nanofiber Scaffold Decorated with Chitosan Islandlike Topography for Bone Tissue Engineering. 28537074 5 27 theme cell 1409:1412 arg1 adhesion 1414:1421 cell adhesion 1409:1421 cell adhesion 1409:1421 Moreover, CS and "islandlike" protrusions on the fiber surface increased the alkaline phosphatase activity of the MC3T3-E1 cells seeded on the fibrous membrane and provided a more appropriate interface for cell adhesion and proliferation. 28537074 6 28 from potential 1509:1517 arg1 engineering 1529:1539 tissue engineering 1522:1539 tissue engineering 1522:1539 These results illustrate that this kind of PLA/CS membrane has the potential in tissue engineering. 28537074 5 29 from protrusions 1233:1243 arg1 surface 1258:1264 the fiber surface 1248:1264 the fiber surface 1248:1264 Moreover, CS and "islandlike" protrusions on the fiber surface increased the alkaline phosphatase activity of the MC3T3-E1 cells seeded on the fibrous membrane and provided a more appropriate interface for cell adhesion and proliferation. 28537074 0 30 theme Polylactic 0:9 arg1 Scaffold 26:33 Polylactic Acid Nanofiber Scaffold 0:33 Polylactic Acid Nanofiber Scaffold 0:33 Polylactic Acid Nanofiber Scaffold Decorated with Chitosan Islandlike Topography for Bone Tissue Engineering. 28537074 7 31 theme topographic 1636:1646 arg1 effects 1675:1681 combined topographic and bioactive modification effects 1627:1681 combined topographic and bioactive modification effects at the interface between cells and materials 1627:1726 More importantly, our study provides a new approach to designing PLA scaffolds, with combined topographic and bioactive modification effects at the interface between cells and materials, for biomedicine. 28537074 4 32 theme results 863:869 arg1 mineralization 818:831 The mineralization 814:831 The mineralization of hydroxyapatite and culture results of preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cells on the modified scaffolds 814:929 The mineralization of hydroxyapatite and culture results of preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cells on the modified scaffolds indicate that the outer CS component and rough nanoscale topography on the surface of the nanofibers balanced the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the fibers, enhanced their mineralization ability, and made them more beneficial for the attachment and growth of cells. 28537074 4 33 dep hydrophilicity 1045:1058 arg1 the 1041:1043 the 1041:1043 the 1041:1043 The mineralization of hydroxyapatite and culture results of preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cells on the modified scaffolds indicate that the outer CS component and rough nanoscale topography on the surface of the nanofibers balanced the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the fibers, enhanced their mineralization ability, and made them more beneficial for the attachment and growth of cells. 28537074 6 34 theme tissue 1522:1527 arg1 engineering 1529:1539 tissue engineering 1522:1539 tissue engineering 1522:1539 These results illustrate that this kind of PLA/CS membrane has the potential in tissue engineering. 28537074 5 35 theme islandlike 1221:1230 arg1 " 1231:1231 "islandlike" 1220:1231 "islandlike" 1220:1231 Moreover, CS and "islandlike" protrusions on the fiber surface increased the alkaline phosphatase activity of the MC3T3-E1 cells seeded on the fibrous membrane and provided a more appropriate interface for cell adhesion and proliferation. 28537074 3 36 theme core-shell 747:756 arg1 structure 783:791 a core-shell or islandlike topography structure 745:791 a core-shell or islandlike topography structure 745:791 The morphology, inner structure, surface composition, crystallinity, and thermodynamic analyses of nanofibers with various PLA/CS ratios were carried out, and the turning mechanism of a core-shell or islandlike topography structure was also speculated. 28537074 2 37 theme membrane 551:558 arg1 biocompatibility 515:530 the cell biocompatibility 506:530 the cell biocompatibility of the PLA fibrous membrane 506:558 The objective of this research was to design nanosized topography with highly bioactive CS onto PLA electrospun fiber surface to improve the cell biocompatibility of the PLA fibrous membrane. 28537074 4 38 theme mineralization 1109:1122 arg1 ability 1124:1130 their mineralization ability 1103:1130 their mineralization ability 1103:1130 The mineralization of hydroxyapatite and culture results of preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cells on the modified scaffolds indicate that the outer CS component and rough nanoscale topography on the surface of the nanofibers balanced the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the fibers, enhanced their mineralization ability, and made them more beneficial for the attachment and growth of cells. 28537074 2 39 theme nanosized 414:422 arg1 topography 424:433 nanosized topography 414:433 nanosized topography with highly bioactive CS onto PLA electrospun fiber surface to improve the cell biocompatibility of the PLA fibrous membrane 414:558 The objective of this research was to design nanosized topography with highly bioactive CS onto PLA electrospun fiber surface to improve the cell biocompatibility of the PLA fibrous membrane. 28537074 0 40 theme Nanofiber 16:24 arg1 Scaffold 26:33 Polylactic Acid Nanofiber Scaffold 0:33 Polylactic Acid Nanofiber Scaffold 0:33 Polylactic Acid Nanofiber Scaffold Decorated with Chitosan Islandlike Topography for Bone Tissue Engineering. 28537074 2 41 theme fibrous 543:549 arg1 membrane 551:558 the PLA fibrous membrane 535:558 the PLA fibrous membrane 535:558 The objective of this research was to design nanosized topography with highly bioactive CS onto PLA electrospun fiber surface to improve the cell biocompatibility of the PLA fibrous membrane. 28537074 7 42 theme modification 1662:1673 arg1 effects 1675:1681 combined topographic and bioactive modification effects 1627:1681 combined topographic and bioactive modification effects at the interface between cells and materials 1627:1726 More importantly, our study provides a new approach to designing PLA scaffolds, with combined topographic and bioactive modification effects at the interface between cells and materials, for biomedicine. 28537074 5 43 theme cells 1326:1330 arg1 activity 1301:1308 the alkaline phosphatase activity 1276:1308 the alkaline phosphatase activity of the MC3T3-E1 cells seeded on the fibrous membrane 1276:1361 Moreover, CS and "islandlike" protrusions on the fiber surface increased the alkaline phosphatase activity of the MC3T3-E1 cells seeded on the fibrous membrane and provided a more appropriate interface for cell adhesion and proliferation. 28537074 6 44 theme PLA/CS 1485:1490 arg1 membrane 1492:1499 PLA/CS membrane 1485:1499 PLA/CS membrane 1485:1499 These results illustrate that this kind of PLA/CS membrane has the potential in tissue engineering. 28537074 2 45 theme electrospun 469:479 arg1 surface 487:493 PLA electrospun fiber surface 465:493 PLA electrospun fiber surface 465:493 The objective of this research was to design nanosized topography with highly bioactive CS onto PLA electrospun fiber surface to improve the cell biocompatibility of the PLA fibrous membrane. 28537074 7 46 theme combined 1627:1634 arg1 effects 1675:1681 combined topographic and bioactive modification effects 1627:1681 combined topographic and bioactive modification effects at the interface between cells and materials 1627:1726 More importantly, our study provides a new approach to designing PLA scaffolds, with combined topographic and bioactive modification effects at the interface between cells and materials, for biomedicine. 28537074 2 47 theme PLA 539:541 arg1 membrane 551:558 the PLA fibrous membrane 535:558 the PLA fibrous membrane 535:558 The objective of this research was to design nanosized topography with highly bioactive CS onto PLA electrospun fiber surface to improve the cell biocompatibility of the PLA fibrous membrane. 28537074 5 48 theme " 1231:1231 arg1 protrusions 1233:1243 CS and "islandlike" protrusions 1213:1243 CS and "islandlike" protrusions on the fiber surface 1213:1264 Moreover, CS and "islandlike" protrusions on the fiber surface increased the alkaline phosphatase activity of the MC3T3-E1 cells seeded on the fibrous membrane and provided a more appropriate interface for cell adhesion and proliferation. 28537074 5 49 theme MC3T3-E1 1317:1324 arg1 cells 1326:1330 the MC3T3-E1 cells 1313:1330 the MC3T3-E1 cells seeded on the fibrous membrane 1313:1361 Moreover, CS and "islandlike" protrusions on the fiber surface increased the alkaline phosphatase activity of the MC3T3-E1 cells seeded on the fibrous membrane and provided a more appropriate interface for cell adhesion and proliferation. 28537074 1 50 theme respective 208:217 arg1 advantages 219:228 the respective advantages 204:228 the respective advantages of polylactic acid (PLA) and chitosan (CS) 204:271 In this work, a bicomponent scaffold with a core-shell and islandlike structure that combines the respective advantages of polylactic acid (PLA) and chitosan (CS) was prepared via electrospinning accompanied by automatic phase separation and crystallization. 28537074 2 51 theme PLA 465:467 arg1 surface 487:493 PLA electrospun fiber surface 465:493 PLA electrospun fiber surface 465:493 The objective of this research was to design nanosized topography with highly bioactive CS onto PLA electrospun fiber surface to improve the cell biocompatibility of the PLA fibrous membrane. 28537074 3 52 theme topography 772:781 arg1 structure 783:791 a core-shell or islandlike topography structure 745:791 a core-shell or islandlike topography structure 745:791 The morphology, inner structure, surface composition, crystallinity, and thermodynamic analyses of nanofibers with various PLA/CS ratios were carried out, and the turning mechanism of a core-shell or islandlike topography structure was also speculated. 28537074 6 53 contain has 1501:1503 arg1 kind 1477:1480 this kind 1472:1480 this kind of PLA/CS membrane 1472:1499 These results illustrate that this kind of PLA/CS membrane has the potential in tissue engineering. 28537074 6 53 contain has 1501:1503 arg2 potential 1509:1517 the potential 1505:1517 the potential in tissue engineering 1505:1539 These results illustrate that this kind of PLA/CS membrane has the potential in tissue engineering. 28537074 3 54 theme surface 594:600 arg1 composition 602:612 surface composition 594:612 surface composition 594:612 The morphology, inner structure, surface composition, crystallinity, and thermodynamic analyses of nanofibers with various PLA/CS ratios were carried out, and the turning mechanism of a core-shell or islandlike topography structure was also speculated. 28537074 7 55 theme PLA 1607:1609 arg1 scaffolds 1611:1619 PLA scaffolds 1607:1619 PLA scaffolds 1607:1619 More importantly, our study provides a new approach to designing PLA scaffolds, with combined topographic and bioactive modification effects at the interface between cells and materials, for biomedicine. 28537074 0 56 theme Islandlike 59:68 arg1 Topography 70:79 Chitosan Islandlike Topography 50:79 Chitosan Islandlike Topography for Bone Tissue Engineering 50:107 Polylactic Acid Nanofiber Scaffold Decorated with Chitosan Islandlike Topography for Bone Tissue Engineering. 28537074 3 57 theme structure 783:791 arg1 mechanism 732:740 the turning mechanism 720:740 the turning mechanism of a core-shell or islandlike topography structure 720:791 The morphology, inner structure, surface composition, crystallinity, and thermodynamic analyses of nanofibers with various PLA/CS ratios were carried out, and the turning mechanism of a core-shell or islandlike topography structure was also speculated. 28537074 3 58 theme thermodynamic 634:646 arg1 analyses 648:655 thermodynamic analyses 634:655 thermodynamic analyses 634:655 The morphology, inner structure, surface composition, crystallinity, and thermodynamic analyses of nanofibers with various PLA/CS ratios were carried out, and the turning mechanism of a core-shell or islandlike topography structure was also speculated. 28537074 3 59 theme inner 577:581 arg1 structure 583:591 inner structure 577:591 inner structure 577:591 The morphology, inner structure, surface composition, crystallinity, and thermodynamic analyses of nanofibers with various PLA/CS ratios were carried out, and the turning mechanism of a core-shell or islandlike topography structure was also speculated. 28537074 2 60 with topography 424:433 arg1 CS 457:458 highly bioactive CS 440:458 highly bioactive CS onto PLA electrospun fiber surface 440:493 The objective of this research was to design nanosized topography with highly bioactive CS onto PLA electrospun fiber surface to improve the cell biocompatibility of the PLA fibrous membrane. 28537074 0 61 theme Chitosan 50:57 arg1 Topography 70:79 Chitosan Islandlike Topography 50:79 Chitosan Islandlike Topography for Bone Tissue Engineering 50:107 Polylactic Acid Nanofiber Scaffold Decorated with Chitosan Islandlike Topography for Bone Tissue Engineering. 28537074 4 62 theme cells 899:903 arg1 results 863:869 culture results 855:869 culture results 855:869 The mineralization of hydroxyapatite and culture results of preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cells on the modified scaffolds indicate that the outer CS component and rough nanoscale topography on the surface of the nanofibers balanced the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the fibers, enhanced their mineralization ability, and made them more beneficial for the attachment and growth of cells. 28537074 4 62 theme cells 899:903 arg1 hydroxyapatite 836:849 hydroxyapatite 836:849 hydroxyapatite 836:849 The mineralization of hydroxyapatite and culture results of preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cells on the modified scaffolds indicate that the outer CS component and rough nanoscale topography on the surface of the nanofibers balanced the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the fibers, enhanced their mineralization ability, and made them more beneficial for the attachment and growth of cells. 28537074 3 63 theme various 676:682 arg1 ratios 691:696 various PLA/CS ratios 676:696 various PLA/CS ratios 676:696 The morphology, inner structure, surface composition, crystallinity, and thermodynamic analyses of nanofibers with various PLA/CS ratios were carried out, and the turning mechanism of a core-shell or islandlike topography structure was also speculated. 28537074 4 64 from mineralization 818:831 arg1 scaffolds 921:929 the modified scaffolds 908:929 the modified scaffolds 908:929 The mineralization of hydroxyapatite and culture results of preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cells on the modified scaffolds indicate that the outer CS component and rough nanoscale topography on the surface of the nanofibers balanced the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the fibers, enhanced their mineralization ability, and made them more beneficial for the attachment and growth of cells. 28537074 3 65 theme islandlike 761:770 arg1 structure 783:791 a core-shell or islandlike topography structure 745:791 a core-shell or islandlike topography structure 745:791 The morphology, inner structure, surface composition, crystallinity, and thermodynamic analyses of nanofibers with various PLA/CS ratios were carried out, and the turning mechanism of a core-shell or islandlike topography structure was also speculated. 28537074 4 66 theme modified 912:919 arg1 scaffolds 921:929 the modified scaffolds 908:929 the modified scaffolds 908:929 The mineralization of hydroxyapatite and culture results of preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cells on the modified scaffolds indicate that the outer CS component and rough nanoscale topography on the surface of the nanofibers balanced the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the fibers, enhanced their mineralization ability, and made them more beneficial for the attachment and growth of cells. 28537074 3 67 theme PLA/CS 684:689 arg1 ratios 691:696 various PLA/CS ratios 676:696 various PLA/CS ratios 676:696 The morphology, inner structure, surface composition, crystallinity, and thermodynamic analyses of nanofibers with various PLA/CS ratios were carried out, and the turning mechanism of a core-shell or islandlike topography structure was also speculated. 28537074 6 68 theme membrane 1492:1499 arg1 kind 1477:1480 this kind 1472:1480 this kind of PLA/CS membrane 1472:1499 These results illustrate that this kind of PLA/CS membrane has the potential in tissue engineering. 28537074 4 69 theme cells 1196:1200 arg1 attachment 1171:1180 the attachment 1167:1180 the attachment 1167:1180 The mineralization of hydroxyapatite and culture results of preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cells on the modified scaffolds indicate that the outer CS component and rough nanoscale topography on the surface of the nanofibers balanced the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the fibers, enhanced their mineralization ability, and made them more beneficial for the attachment and growth of cells. 28537074 4 69 theme cells 1196:1200 arg1 growth 1186:1191 growth 1186:1191 growth 1186:1191 The mineralization of hydroxyapatite and culture results of preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cells on the modified scaffolds indicate that the outer CS component and rough nanoscale topography on the surface of the nanofibers balanced the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the fibers, enhanced their mineralization ability, and made them more beneficial for the attachment and growth of cells. 28537074 4 70 theme fibers 1086:1091 arg1 hydrophobicity 1064:1077 hydrophobicity 1064:1077 hydrophobicity 1064:1077 The mineralization of hydroxyapatite and culture results of preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cells on the modified scaffolds indicate that the outer CS component and rough nanoscale topography on the surface of the nanofibers balanced the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the fibers, enhanced their mineralization ability, and made them more beneficial for the attachment and growth of cells. 28537074 4 70 theme fibers 1086:1091 arg1 hydrophilicity 1045:1058 hydrophilicity 1045:1058 hydrophilicity 1045:1058 The mineralization of hydroxyapatite and culture results of preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cells on the modified scaffolds indicate that the outer CS component and rough nanoscale topography on the surface of the nanofibers balanced the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the fibers, enhanced their mineralization ability, and made them more beneficial for the attachment and growth of cells. 28537074 3 71 theme nanofibers 660:669 arg1 analyses 648:655 thermodynamic analyses 634:655 thermodynamic analyses 634:655 The morphology, inner structure, surface composition, crystallinity, and thermodynamic analyses of nanofibers with various PLA/CS ratios were carried out, and the turning mechanism of a core-shell or islandlike topography structure was also speculated. 28537074 3 71 theme nanofibers 660:669 arg1 crystallinity 615:627 crystallinity 615:627 crystallinity 615:627 The morphology, inner structure, surface composition, crystallinity, and thermodynamic analyses of nanofibers with various PLA/CS ratios were carried out, and the turning mechanism of a core-shell or islandlike topography structure was also speculated. 28537074 3 71 theme nanofibers 660:669 arg1 morphology 565:574 morphology 565:574 morphology 565:574 The morphology, inner structure, surface composition, crystallinity, and thermodynamic analyses of nanofibers with various PLA/CS ratios were carried out, and the turning mechanism of a core-shell or islandlike topography structure was also speculated. 28537074 3 71 theme nanofibers 660:669 arg1 structure 583:591 inner structure 577:591 inner structure 577:591 The morphology, inner structure, surface composition, crystallinity, and thermodynamic analyses of nanofibers with various PLA/CS ratios were carried out, and the turning mechanism of a core-shell or islandlike topography structure was also speculated. 28537074 3 71 theme nanofibers 660:669 arg1 composition 602:612 surface composition 594:612 surface composition 594:612 The morphology, inner structure, surface composition, crystallinity, and thermodynamic analyses of nanofibers with various PLA/CS ratios were carried out, and the turning mechanism of a core-shell or islandlike topography structure was also speculated. 28537074 7 72 from interface 1690:1698 arg1 effects 1675:1681 combined topographic and bioactive modification effects 1627:1681 combined topographic and bioactive modification effects at the interface between cells and materials 1627:1726 More importantly, our study provides a new approach to designing PLA scaffolds, with combined topographic and bioactive modification effects at the interface between cells and materials, for biomedicine. 28537074 4 73 dep beneficial 1152:1161 arg1 them 1142:1145 them 1142:1145 them 1142:1145 The mineralization of hydroxyapatite and culture results of preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cells on the modified scaffolds indicate that the outer CS component and rough nanoscale topography on the surface of the nanofibers balanced the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the fibers, enhanced their mineralization ability, and made them more beneficial for the attachment and growth of cells. 28537074 1 74 theme bicomponent 126:136 arg1 scaffold 138:145 a bicomponent scaffold 124:145 a bicomponent scaffold with a core-shell and islandlike structure that combines the respective advantages of polylactic acid (PLA) and chitosan (CS) 124:271 In this work, a bicomponent scaffold with a core-shell and islandlike structure that combines the respective advantages of polylactic acid (PLA) and chitosan (CS) was prepared via electrospinning accompanied by automatic phase separation and crystallization. 28537074 5 75 theme alkaline 1280:1287 arg1 phosphatase 1289:1299 alkaline phosphatase 1280:1299 the alkaline phosphatase activity of the MC3T3-E1 cells seeded on the fibrous membrane 1276:1361 Moreover, CS and "islandlike" protrusions on the fiber surface increased the alkaline phosphatase activity of the MC3T3-E1 cells seeded on the fibrous membrane and provided a more appropriate interface for cell adhesion and proliferation. 28537074 1 76 theme polylactic 233:242 arg1 acid 244:247 polylactic acid 233:247 polylactic acid (PLA) 233:253 In this work, a bicomponent scaffold with a core-shell and islandlike structure that combines the respective advantages of polylactic acid (PLA) and chitosan (CS) was prepared via electrospinning accompanied by automatic phase separation and crystallization. 28537074 1 76 theme polylactic 233:242 arg1 PLA 250:252 PLA 250:252 PLA 250:252 In this work, a bicomponent scaffold with a core-shell and islandlike structure that combines the respective advantages of polylactic acid (PLA) and chitosan (CS) was prepared via electrospinning accompanied by automatic phase separation and crystallization. 28537074 4 77 theme nanoscale 978:986 arg1 topography 988:997 rough nanoscale topography 972:997 rough nanoscale topography 972:997 The mineralization of hydroxyapatite and culture results of preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cells on the modified scaffolds indicate that the outer CS component and rough nanoscale topography on the surface of the nanofibers balanced the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the fibers, enhanced their mineralization ability, and made them more beneficial for the attachment and growth of cells. 28537074 7 78 theme bioactive 1652:1660 arg1 effects 1675:1681 combined topographic and bioactive modification effects 1627:1681 combined topographic and bioactive modification effects at the interface between cells and materials 1627:1726 More importantly, our study provides a new approach to designing PLA scaffolds, with combined topographic and bioactive modification effects at the interface between cells and materials, for biomedicine. 28537074 5 79 theme phosphatase 1289:1299 arg1 activity 1301:1308 the alkaline phosphatase activity 1276:1308 the alkaline phosphatase activity of the MC3T3-E1 cells seeded on the fibrous membrane 1276:1361 Moreover, CS and "islandlike" protrusions on the fiber surface increased the alkaline phosphatase activity of the MC3T3-E1 cells seeded on the fibrous membrane and provided a more appropriate interface for cell adhesion and proliferation. 28537074 1 80 theme acid 244:247 arg1 advantages 219:228 the respective advantages 204:228 the respective advantages of polylactic acid (PLA) and chitosan (CS) 204:271 In this work, a bicomponent scaffold with a core-shell and islandlike structure that combines the respective advantages of polylactic acid (PLA) and chitosan (CS) was prepared via electrospinning accompanied by automatic phase separation and crystallization. 28537074 4 81 theme rough 972:976 arg1 topography 988:997 rough nanoscale topography 972:997 rough nanoscale topography 972:997 The mineralization of hydroxyapatite and culture results of preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cells on the modified scaffolds indicate that the outer CS component and rough nanoscale topography on the surface of the nanofibers balanced the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the fibers, enhanced their mineralization ability, and made them more beneficial for the attachment and growth of cells. 28537074 2 82 theme bioactive 447:455 arg1 CS 457:458 highly bioactive CS 440:458 highly bioactive CS onto PLA electrospun fiber surface 440:493 The objective of this research was to design nanosized topography with highly bioactive CS onto PLA electrospun fiber surface to improve the cell biocompatibility of the PLA fibrous membrane. 28537074 7 83 theme new 1581:1583 arg1 approach 1585:1592 a new approach 1579:1592 a new approach to designing PLA scaffolds 1579:1619 More importantly, our study provides a new approach to designing PLA scaffolds, with combined topographic and bioactive modification effects at the interface between cells and materials, for biomedicine. 27312629 2 0 theme 0.710 435:439 arg1 18 385:386 18 385:386 18 385:386 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 0 theme 0.710 435:439 arg1 0.710 435:439 0.710 435:439 0.710 435:439 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 0 theme 0.710 435:439 arg1 index 414:418 crystallinity index 400:418 crystallinity index 400:418 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 0 theme 0.710 435:439 arg1 CI 421:422 CI 421:422 CI 421:422 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 0 theme 0.710 435:439 arg1 0.634 446:450 0.634 446:450 0.634 446:450 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 0 theme 0.710 435:439 arg1 0.663 428:432 0.663 428:432 0.663 428:432 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 3 1 theme various 586:592 arg1 concentration 594:606 various concentration 586:606 various concentration of the CNCs 586:618 Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/CNC composite films were prepared with various concentration of the CNCs. 27312629 2 2 theme ratio 370:374 arg1 W 348:348 W 348:348 W 348:348 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 2 theme ratio 370:374 arg1 width 341:345 width 341:345 width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively 341:514 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 2 theme ratio 370:374 arg1 L 321:321 L 321:321 L 321:321 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 2 theme ratio 370:374 arg1 length 313:318 length 313:318 length (L) of 120-800nm 313:335 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 4 3 theme SEM 621:623 arg1 results 625:631 SEM results 621:631 SEM results 621:631 SEM results showed that the CNCs were evenly distributed in the polymer to form homogeneous films. 27312629 2 4 theme 64 466:467 arg1 L/W 377:379 L/W 377:379 L/W 377:379 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 4 theme 64 466:467 arg1 10-25nm 354:360 10-25nm 354:360 10-25nm 354:360 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 4 theme 64 466:467 arg1 ratio 370:374 aspect ratio 363:374 aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634 363:450 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 4 theme 64 466:467 arg1 yield 457:461 yield 457:461 yield 457:461 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 0 5 from Isolation 0:8 arg1 straws 47:52 grain straws 41:52 grain straws 41:52 Isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from grain straws and their use for the preparation of carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite films. 27312629 2 6 theme 0.663 428:432 arg1 18 385:386 18 385:386 18 385:386 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 6 theme 0.663 428:432 arg1 0.710 435:439 0.710 435:439 0.710 435:439 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 6 theme 0.663 428:432 arg1 index 414:418 crystallinity index 400:418 crystallinity index 400:418 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 6 theme 0.663 428:432 arg1 CI 421:422 CI 421:422 CI 421:422 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 6 theme 0.663 428:432 arg1 0.634 446:450 0.634 446:450 0.634 446:450 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 6 theme 0.663 428:432 arg1 0.663 428:432 0.663 428:432 0.663 428:432 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 6 7 theme CNCs 1006:1009 arg1 CNCs 1006:1009 CNCs 1006:1009 CNCs obtained from RS, WS, and BS, respectively 1006:1052 Tensile strength (TS) increased by 45.7%, 25.2%, and 42.6%, and the water vapor permeability (WVP) decreased by 26.3%, 19.1%, and 20.4% after forming composite with 5wt% of CNCs obtained from RS, WS, and BS, respectively. 27312629 6 7 theme CNCs 1006:1009 arg1 % 1001:1001 5wt% 998:1001 5wt% of CNCs obtained from RS, WS, and BS, respectively 998:1052 Tensile strength (TS) increased by 45.7%, 25.2%, and 42.6%, and the water vapor permeability (WVP) decreased by 26.3%, 19.1%, and 20.4% after forming composite with 5wt% of CNCs obtained from RS, WS, and BS, respectively. 27312629 6 8 theme water 901:905 arg1 WVP 927:929 WVP 927:929 WVP 927:929 Tensile strength (TS) increased by 45.7%, 25.2%, and 42.6%, and the water vapor permeability (WVP) decreased by 26.3%, 19.1%, and 20.4% after forming composite with 5wt% of CNCs obtained from RS, WS, and BS, respectively. 27312629 6 8 theme water 901:905 arg1 permeability 913:924 the water vapor permeability 897:924 the water vapor permeability (WVP) 897:930 Tensile strength (TS) increased by 45.7%, 25.2%, and 42.6%, and the water vapor permeability (WVP) decreased by 26.3%, 19.1%, and 20.4% after forming composite with 5wt% of CNCs obtained from RS, WS, and BS, respectively. 27312629 2 9 theme yield 457:461 arg1 W 348:348 W 348:348 W 348:348 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 9 theme yield 457:461 arg1 width 341:345 width 341:345 width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively 341:514 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 9 theme yield 457:461 arg1 L 321:321 L 321:321 L 321:321 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 9 theme yield 457:461 arg1 length 313:318 length 313:318 length (L) of 120-800nm 313:335 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 5 10 theme Mechanical 720:729 arg1 properties 755:764 Mechanical and water vapor barrier properties 720:764 properties 755:764 Mechanical and water vapor barrier properties were varied depending on the type of CNCs and their concentration. 27312629 6 11 theme 5wt 998:1000 arg1 CNCs 1006:1009 CNCs 1006:1009 CNCs obtained from RS, WS, and BS, respectively 1006:1052 Tensile strength (TS) increased by 45.7%, 25.2%, and 42.6%, and the water vapor permeability (WVP) decreased by 26.3%, 19.1%, and 20.4% after forming composite with 5wt% of CNCs obtained from RS, WS, and BS, respectively. 27312629 6 11 theme 5wt 998:1000 arg1 % 1001:1001 5wt% 998:1001 5wt% of CNCs obtained from RS, WS, and BS, respectively 998:1052 Tensile strength (TS) increased by 45.7%, 25.2%, and 42.6%, and the water vapor permeability (WVP) decreased by 26.3%, 19.1%, and 20.4% after forming composite with 5wt% of CNCs obtained from RS, WS, and BS, respectively. 27312629 0 12 theme cellulose-based 105:119 arg1 films 135:139 carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite films 91:139 carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite films 91:139 Isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from grain straws and their use for the preparation of carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite films. 27312629 0 13 from straws 47:52 arg1 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from grain straws 0:52 Isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from grain straws and their use for the preparation of carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite films. 27312629 0 13 from straws 47:52 arg1 nanocrystals 23:34 cellulose nanocrystals 13:34 cellulose nanocrystals from grain straws 13:52 Isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from grain straws and their use for the preparation of carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite films. 27312629 0 13 from straws 47:52 arg1 use 64:66 their use 58:66 their use for the preparation of carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite films 58:139 Isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from grain straws and their use for the preparation of carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite films. 27312629 6 14 theme Tensile 833:839 arg1 TS 851:852 TS 851:852 TS 851:852 Tensile strength (TS) increased by 45.7%, 25.2%, and 42.6%, and the water vapor permeability (WVP) decreased by 26.3%, 19.1%, and 20.4% after forming composite with 5wt% of CNCs obtained from RS, WS, and BS, respectively. 27312629 6 14 theme Tensile 833:839 arg1 strength 841:848 Tensile strength 833:848 Tensile strength (TS) 833:853 Tensile strength (TS) increased by 45.7%, 25.2%, and 42.6%, and the water vapor permeability (WVP) decreased by 26.3%, 19.1%, and 20.4% after forming composite with 5wt% of CNCs obtained from RS, WS, and BS, respectively. 27312629 0 15 theme carboxymethyl 91:103 arg1 films 135:139 carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite films 91:139 carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite films 91:139 Isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from grain straws and their use for the preparation of carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite films. 27312629 0 16 theme grain 41:45 arg1 straws 47:52 grain straws 41:52 grain straws 41:52 Isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from grain straws and their use for the preparation of carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite films. 27312629 2 17 from fibrous 291:297 arg1 shape 302:306 shape 302:306 shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively 302:514 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 5 18 theme water 735:739 arg1 properties 755:764 Mechanical and water vapor barrier properties 720:764 properties 755:764 Mechanical and water vapor barrier properties were varied depending on the type of CNCs and their concentration. 27312629 2 19 theme 18 385:386 arg1 L/W 377:379 L/W 377:379 L/W 377:379 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 19 theme 18 385:386 arg1 10-25nm 354:360 10-25nm 354:360 10-25nm 354:360 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 19 theme 18 385:386 arg1 ratio 370:374 aspect ratio 363:374 aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634 363:450 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 19 theme 18 385:386 arg1 yield 457:461 yield 457:461 yield 457:461 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 1 20 theme barley 230:235 arg1 BS 244:245 BS 244:245 BS 244:245 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were isolated from rice straw (RS), wheat straw (WS), and barley straw (BS) by using acid hydrolysis method. 27312629 1 20 theme barley 230:235 arg1 straw 237:241 barley straw 230:241 barley straw (BS) 230:246 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were isolated from rice straw (RS), wheat straw (WS), and barley straw (BS) by using acid hydrolysis method. 27312629 2 21 theme 75 470:471 arg1 L/W 377:379 L/W 377:379 L/W 377:379 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 21 theme 75 470:471 arg1 10-25nm 354:360 10-25nm 354:360 10-25nm 354:360 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 21 theme 75 470:471 arg1 ratio 370:374 aspect ratio 363:374 aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634 363:450 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 21 theme 75 470:471 arg1 yield 457:461 yield 457:461 yield 457:461 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 1 22 theme rice 191:194 arg1 RS 203:204 RS 203:204 RS 203:204 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were isolated from rice straw (RS), wheat straw (WS), and barley straw (BS) by using acid hydrolysis method. 27312629 1 22 theme rice 191:194 arg1 straw 196:200 rice straw 191:200 rice straw (RS) 191:205 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were isolated from rice straw (RS), wheat straw (WS), and barley straw (BS) by using acid hydrolysis method. 27312629 0 23 theme nanocrystals 23:34 arg1 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from grain straws 0:52 Isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from grain straws and their use for the preparation of carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite films. 27312629 0 23 theme nanocrystals 23:34 arg1 use 64:66 their use 58:66 their use for the preparation of carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite films 58:139 Isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from grain straws and their use for the preparation of carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite films. 27312629 2 24 from shape 302:306 arg1 fibrous 291:297 fibrous 291:297 fibrous 291:297 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 25 theme crystallinity 400:412 arg1 18 385:386 18 385:386 18 385:386 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 25 theme crystallinity 400:412 arg1 0.710 435:439 0.710 435:439 0.710 435:439 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 25 theme crystallinity 400:412 arg1 0.634 446:450 0.634 446:450 0.634 446:450 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 25 theme crystallinity 400:412 arg1 0.663 428:432 0.663 428:432 0.663 428:432 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 25 theme crystallinity 400:412 arg1 index 414:418 crystallinity index 400:418 crystallinity index 400:418 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 0 26 theme cellulose 13:21 arg1 nanocrystals 23:34 cellulose nanocrystals 13:34 cellulose nanocrystals from grain straws 13:52 Isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from grain straws and their use for the preparation of carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite films. 27312629 0 27 theme nanocomposite 121:133 arg1 films 135:139 carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite films 91:139 carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite films 91:139 Isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from grain straws and their use for the preparation of carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite films. 27312629 1 28 attach isolated 177:184 arg1 straw 214:218 wheat straw 208:218 wheat straw (WS) 208:223 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were isolated from rice straw (RS), wheat straw (WS), and barley straw (BS) by using acid hydrolysis method. 27312629 1 28 attach isolated 177:184 arg1 straw 237:241 barley straw 230:241 barley straw (BS) 230:246 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were isolated from rice straw (RS), wheat straw (WS), and barley straw (BS) by using acid hydrolysis method. 27312629 1 28 attach isolated 177:184 arg1 straw 196:200 rice straw 191:200 rice straw (RS) 191:205 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were isolated from rice straw (RS), wheat straw (WS), and barley straw (BS) by using acid hydrolysis method. 27312629 1 28 attach isolated 177:184 arg1 BS 244:245 BS 244:245 BS 244:245 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were isolated from rice straw (RS), wheat straw (WS), and barley straw (BS) by using acid hydrolysis method. 27312629 1 28 attach isolated 177:184 arg1 RS 203:204 RS 203:204 RS 203:204 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were isolated from rice straw (RS), wheat straw (WS), and barley straw (BS) by using acid hydrolysis method. 27312629 1 28 attach isolated 177:184 arg2 nanocrystals 152:163 Cellulose nanocrystals 142:163 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 142:170 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were isolated from rice straw (RS), wheat straw (WS), and barley straw (BS) by using acid hydrolysis method. 27312629 1 28 attach isolated 177:184 arg1 WS 221:222 WS 221:222 WS 221:222 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were isolated from rice straw (RS), wheat straw (WS), and barley straw (BS) by using acid hydrolysis method. 27312629 1 28 attach isolated 177:184 arg2 CNCs 166:169 CNCs 166:169 CNCs 166:169 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were isolated from rice straw (RS), wheat straw (WS), and barley straw (BS) by using acid hydrolysis method. 27312629 2 29 theme 120-800nm 327:335 arg1 W 348:348 W 348:348 W 348:348 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 29 theme 120-800nm 327:335 arg1 width 341:345 width 341:345 width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively 341:514 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 29 theme 120-800nm 327:335 arg1 L 321:321 L 321:321 L 321:321 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 29 theme 120-800nm 327:335 arg1 length 313:318 length 313:318 length (L) of 120-800nm 313:335 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 30 theme aspect 363:368 arg1 L/W 377:379 L/W 377:379 L/W 377:379 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 30 theme aspect 363:368 arg1 ratio 370:374 aspect ratio 363:374 aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634 363:450 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 31 theme 19 396:397 arg1 L/W 377:379 L/W 377:379 L/W 377:379 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 31 theme 19 396:397 arg1 10-25nm 354:360 10-25nm 354:360 10-25nm 354:360 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 31 theme 19 396:397 arg1 ratio 370:374 aspect ratio 363:374 aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634 363:450 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 31 theme 19 396:397 arg1 yield 457:461 yield 457:461 yield 457:461 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 5 32 theme concentration 818:830 arg1 type 795:798 the type 791:798 the type of CNCs and their concentration 791:830 Mechanical and water vapor barrier properties were varied depending on the type of CNCs and their concentration. 27312629 0 33 from use 64:66 arg1 straws 47:52 grain straws 41:52 grain straws 41:52 Isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from grain straws and their use for the preparation of carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite films. 27312629 4 34 theme homogeneous 701:711 arg1 films 713:717 homogeneous films 701:717 homogeneous films 701:717 SEM results showed that the CNCs were evenly distributed in the polymer to form homogeneous films. 27312629 2 35 theme 10-25nm 354:360 arg1 W 348:348 W 348:348 W 348:348 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 35 theme 10-25nm 354:360 arg1 width 341:345 width 341:345 width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively 341:514 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 35 theme 10-25nm 354:360 arg1 L 321:321 L 321:321 L 321:321 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 35 theme 10-25nm 354:360 arg1 length 313:318 length 313:318 length (L) of 120-800nm 313:335 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 3 36 theme Carboxymethyl 517:529 arg1 CMC 542:544 CMC 542:544 CMC 542:544 Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/CNC composite films were prepared with various concentration of the CNCs. 27312629 3 36 theme Carboxymethyl 517:529 arg1 cellulose 531:539 Carboxymethyl cellulose 517:539 Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/CNC composite films 517:565 Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/CNC composite films were prepared with various concentration of the CNCs. 27312629 3 37 theme cellulose 531:539 arg1 films 561:565 Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/CNC composite films 517:565 Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/CNC composite films 517:565 Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/CNC composite films were prepared with various concentration of the CNCs. 27312629 0 38 theme films 135:139 arg1 preparation 76:86 the preparation 72:86 the preparation of carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite films 72:139 Isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from grain straws and their use for the preparation of carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite films. 27312629 2 39 theme 0.634 446:450 arg1 18 385:386 18 385:386 18 385:386 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 39 theme 0.634 446:450 arg1 0.710 435:439 0.710 435:439 0.710 435:439 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 39 theme 0.634 446:450 arg1 index 414:418 crystallinity index 400:418 crystallinity index 400:418 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 39 theme 0.634 446:450 arg1 CI 421:422 CI 421:422 CI 421:422 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 39 theme 0.634 446:450 arg1 0.634 446:450 0.634 446:450 0.634 446:450 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 39 theme 0.634 446:450 arg1 0.663 428:432 0.663 428:432 0.663 428:432 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 40 theme % 482:482 arg1 L/W 377:379 L/W 377:379 L/W 377:379 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 40 theme % 482:482 arg1 10-25nm 354:360 10-25nm 354:360 10-25nm 354:360 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 40 theme % 482:482 arg1 ratio 370:374 aspect ratio 363:374 aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634 363:450 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 40 theme % 482:482 arg1 yield 457:461 yield 457:461 yield 457:461 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 3 41 theme CNCs 615:618 arg1 concentration 594:606 various concentration 586:606 various concentration of the CNCs 586:618 Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/CNC composite films were prepared with various concentration of the CNCs. 27312629 1 42 theme acid 257:260 arg1 method 273:278 acid hydrolysis method 257:278 acid hydrolysis method 257:278 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were isolated from rice straw (RS), wheat straw (WS), and barley straw (BS) by using acid hydrolysis method. 27312629 6 43 theme vapor 907:911 arg1 WVP 927:929 WVP 927:929 WVP 927:929 Tensile strength (TS) increased by 45.7%, 25.2%, and 42.6%, and the water vapor permeability (WVP) decreased by 26.3%, 19.1%, and 20.4% after forming composite with 5wt% of CNCs obtained from RS, WS, and BS, respectively. 27312629 6 43 theme vapor 907:911 arg1 permeability 913:924 the water vapor permeability 897:924 the water vapor permeability (WVP) 897:930 Tensile strength (TS) increased by 45.7%, 25.2%, and 42.6%, and the water vapor permeability (WVP) decreased by 26.3%, 19.1%, and 20.4% after forming composite with 5wt% of CNCs obtained from RS, WS, and BS, respectively. 27312629 5 44 theme vapor 741:745 arg1 properties 755:764 Mechanical and water vapor barrier properties 720:764 properties 755:764 Mechanical and water vapor barrier properties were varied depending on the type of CNCs and their concentration. 27312629 2 45 theme 69wt 478:481 arg1 % 482:482 69wt% 478:482 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS 478:501 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 46 with shape 302:306 arg1 W 348:348 W 348:348 W 348:348 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 46 with shape 302:306 arg1 width 341:345 width 341:345 width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively 341:514 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 46 with shape 302:306 arg1 L 321:321 L 321:321 L 321:321 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 2 46 with shape 302:306 arg1 length 313:318 length 313:318 length (L) of 120-800nm 313:335 They were fibrous in shape with length (L) of 120-800nm and width (W) of 10-25nm, aspect ratio (L/W) of 18, 16 and 19, crystallinity index (CI) of 0.663, 0.710, and 0.634, and yield of 64, 75, and 69wt% for RS, WS, and BS respectively. 27312629 5 47 theme barrier 747:753 arg1 properties 755:764 Mechanical and water vapor barrier properties 720:764 properties 755:764 Mechanical and water vapor barrier properties were varied depending on the type of CNCs and their concentration. 27312629 1 48 theme Cellulose 142:150 arg1 CNCs 166:169 CNCs 166:169 CNCs 166:169 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were isolated from rice straw (RS), wheat straw (WS), and barley straw (BS) by using acid hydrolysis method. 27312629 1 48 theme Cellulose 142:150 arg1 nanocrystals 152:163 Cellulose nanocrystals 142:163 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 142:170 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were isolated from rice straw (RS), wheat straw (WS), and barley straw (BS) by using acid hydrolysis method. 27312629 5 49 theme CNCs 803:806 arg1 type 795:798 the type 791:798 the type of CNCs and their concentration 791:830 Mechanical and water vapor barrier properties were varied depending on the type of CNCs and their concentration. 27312629 1 50 theme wheat 208:212 arg1 straw 214:218 wheat straw 208:218 wheat straw (WS) 208:223 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were isolated from rice straw (RS), wheat straw (WS), and barley straw (BS) by using acid hydrolysis method. 27312629 1 50 theme wheat 208:212 arg1 WS 221:222 WS 221:222 WS 221:222 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were isolated from rice straw (RS), wheat straw (WS), and barley straw (BS) by using acid hydrolysis method. 27312629 3 51 theme /CNC 546:549 arg1 films 561:565 Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/CNC composite films 517:565 Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/CNC composite films 517:565 Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/CNC composite films were prepared with various concentration of the CNCs. 27312629 1 52 theme hydrolysis 262:271 arg1 method 273:278 acid hydrolysis method 257:278 acid hydrolysis method 257:278 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were isolated from rice straw (RS), wheat straw (WS), and barley straw (BS) by using acid hydrolysis method. 27312629 3 53 theme composite 551:559 arg1 films 561:565 Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/CNC composite films 517:565 Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/CNC composite films 517:565 Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/CNC composite films were prepared with various concentration of the CNCs. 24327556 7 0 theme tensile 1586:1592 arg1 properties 1594:1603 significantly improved tensile properties 1563:1603 significantly improved tensile properties 1563:1603 CG core-shell composites fabricated with perforated membranes display scaffold-membrane integration with significantly improved tensile properties compared to scaffolds without membrane shells. 24327556 2 1 theme poor 607:610 arg1 properties 623:632 poor mechanical properties 607:632 poor mechanical properties 607:632 While collagen-glycosaminoglycan (CG) scaffolds have been developed for a range of tissue engineering applications, they exhibit poor mechanical properties. 24327556 3 2 theme composite 687:695 arg1 biomaterials 700:711 composite CG biomaterials 687:711 composite CG biomaterials containing a porous scaffold core and nonporous CG membrane shell inspired by mechanically efficient core-shell composites in nature 687:844 Building on previous work in our lab that described composite CG biomaterials containing a porous scaffold core and nonporous CG membrane shell inspired by mechanically efficient core-shell composites in nature, this study explores an approach to improve cellular infiltration and metabolic health within these core-shell composites. 24327556 1 3 theme new 436:438 arg1 synthesis 467:475 new extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis 436:475 new extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis 436:475 Orthopedic tissue engineering requires biomaterials with robust mechanics as well as adequate porosity and permeability to support cell motility, proliferation, and new extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis. 24327556 8 4 theme hypoxia-inducible 1824:1840 arg1 factor 1842:1847 hypoxia-inducible factor 1α 1824:1850 hypoxia-inducible factor 1α 1824:1850 Finally, we show that perforated membrane-scaffold composites support sustained tenocyte metabolic activity as well as improved cell infiltration and reduced expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α compared to composites with nonperforated membranes. 24327556 4 5 theme similar 1083:1089 arg1 permeability 1091:1102 similar permeability 1083:1102 similar permeability to dense materials such as small intestine submucosa (SIS) 1083:1161 We use indentation analyses to demonstrate that CG membranes, while less permeable than porous CG scaffolds, show similar permeability to dense materials such as small intestine submucosa (SIS). 24327556 3 6 theme scaffold 733:740 arg1 core 742:745 a porous scaffold core and nonporous CG membrane shell 724:777 core 742:745 Building on previous work in our lab that described composite CG biomaterials containing a porous scaffold core and nonporous CG membrane shell inspired by mechanically efficient core-shell composites in nature, this study explores an approach to improve cellular infiltration and metabolic health within these core-shell composites. 24327556 0 7 theme Periodically 147:158 arg1 biomaterials 191:202 Periodically perforated core-shell collagen biomaterials 147:202 Periodically perforated core-shell collagen biomaterials balance cell infiltration 147:228 Award Winner in the Young Investigator Category, 2014 Society for Biomaterials Annual Meeting and Exposition, Denver, Colorado, April 16-19, 2014: Periodically perforated core-shell collagen biomaterials balance cell infiltration, bioactivity, and mechanical properties. 24327556 1 8 theme matrix 454:459 arg1 synthesis 467:475 new extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis 436:475 new extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis 436:475 Orthopedic tissue engineering requires biomaterials with robust mechanics as well as adequate porosity and permeability to support cell motility, proliferation, and new extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis. 24327556 5 9 theme organized 1228:1236 arg1 arrays 1238:1243 organized arrays 1228:1243 organized arrays of microscale perforations 1228:1270 We also describe a simple method to fabricate CG membranes with organized arrays of microscale perforations. 24327556 1 10 with biomaterials 310:321 arg1 porosity 365:372 porosity 365:372 porosity 365:372 Orthopedic tissue engineering requires biomaterials with robust mechanics as well as adequate porosity and permeability to support cell motility, proliferation, and new extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis. 24327556 1 10 with biomaterials 310:321 arg1 mechanics 335:343 robust mechanics 328:343 robust mechanics as well as adequate porosity and permeability 328:389 Orthopedic tissue engineering requires biomaterials with robust mechanics as well as adequate porosity and permeability to support cell motility, proliferation, and new extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis. 24327556 9 11 theme other 2074:2078 arg1 mediators 2090:2098 other extrinsic mediators 2074:2098 other extrinsic mediators of wound healing 2074:2115 These results will guide the design of improved biomaterials for tendon repair that are mechanically competent while also supporting infiltration of exogenous cells and other extrinsic mediators of wound healing. 24327556 0 12 theme core-shell 171:180 arg1 biomaterials 191:202 Periodically perforated core-shell collagen biomaterials 147:202 Periodically perforated core-shell collagen biomaterials balance cell infiltration 147:228 Award Winner in the Young Investigator Category, 2014 Society for Biomaterials Annual Meeting and Exposition, Denver, Colorado, April 16-19, 2014: Periodically perforated core-shell collagen biomaterials balance cell infiltration, bioactivity, and mechanical properties. 24327556 7 13 theme CG 1458:1459 arg1 composites 1472:1481 CG core-shell composites 1458:1481 CG core-shell composites fabricated with perforated membranes 1458:1518 CG core-shell composites fabricated with perforated membranes display scaffold-membrane integration with significantly improved tensile properties compared to scaffolds without membrane shells. 24327556 9 14 theme mediators 2090:2098 arg1 infiltration 2038:2049 infiltration 2038:2049 infiltration of exogenous cells and other extrinsic mediators of wound healing 2038:2115 These results will guide the design of improved biomaterials for tendon repair that are mechanically competent while also supporting infiltration of exogenous cells and other extrinsic mediators of wound healing. 24327556 3 15 theme CG 761:762 arg1 shell 773:777 a porous scaffold core and nonporous CG membrane shell 724:777 shell 773:777 Building on previous work in our lab that described composite CG biomaterials containing a porous scaffold core and nonporous CG membrane shell inspired by mechanically efficient core-shell composites in nature, this study explores an approach to improve cellular infiltration and metabolic health within these core-shell composites. 24327556 0 16 theme biomaterials 191:202 arg1 infiltration 217:228 Periodically perforated core-shell collagen biomaterials balance cell infiltration 147:228 Periodically perforated core-shell collagen biomaterials balance cell infiltration 147:228 Award Winner in the Young Investigator Category, 2014 Society for Biomaterials Annual Meeting and Exposition, Denver, Colorado, April 16-19, 2014: Periodically perforated core-shell collagen biomaterials balance cell infiltration, bioactivity, and mechanical properties. 24327556 9 17 theme wound 2103:2107 arg1 healing 2109:2115 wound healing 2103:2115 wound healing 2103:2115 These results will guide the design of improved biomaterials for tendon repair that are mechanically competent while also supporting infiltration of exogenous cells and other extrinsic mediators of wound healing. 24327556 4 18 theme intestine 1137:1145 arg1 SIS 1158:1160 SIS 1158:1160 SIS 1158:1160 We use indentation analyses to demonstrate that CG membranes, while less permeable than porous CG scaffolds, show similar permeability to dense materials such as small intestine submucosa (SIS). 24327556 4 18 theme intestine 1137:1145 arg1 submucosa 1147:1155 small intestine submucosa 1131:1155 small intestine submucosa (SIS) 1131:1161 We use indentation analyses to demonstrate that CG membranes, while less permeable than porous CG scaffolds, show similar permeability to dense materials such as small intestine submucosa (SIS). 24327556 1 19 theme cell 402:405 arg1 motility 407:414 cell motility 402:414 cell motility 402:414 Orthopedic tissue engineering requires biomaterials with robust mechanics as well as adequate porosity and permeability to support cell motility, proliferation, and new extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis. 24327556 2 20 theme applications 580:591 arg1 range 552:556 a range 550:556 a range of tissue engineering applications 550:591 While collagen-glycosaminoglycan (CG) scaffolds have been developed for a range of tissue engineering applications, they exhibit poor mechanical properties. 24327556 2 21 theme tissue 561:566 arg1 applications 580:591 tissue engineering applications 561:591 tissue engineering applications 561:591 While collagen-glycosaminoglycan (CG) scaffolds have been developed for a range of tissue engineering applications, they exhibit poor mechanical properties. 24327556 6 22 theme tenocyte 1331:1338 arg1 migration 1340:1348 improved tenocyte migration 1322:1348 improved tenocyte migration into CG scaffolds 1322:1366 We demonstrate that perforated membranes support improved tenocyte migration into CG scaffolds, and that migration is enhanced by platelet-derived growth factor BB-mediated chemotaxis. 24327556 9 23 theme cells 2064:2068 arg1 infiltration 2038:2049 infiltration 2038:2049 infiltration of exogenous cells and other extrinsic mediators of wound healing 2038:2115 These results will guide the design of improved biomaterials for tendon repair that are mechanically competent while also supporting infiltration of exogenous cells and other extrinsic mediators of wound healing. 24327556 3 24 theme efficient 804:812 arg1 composites 825:834 mechanically efficient core-shell composites 791:834 mechanically efficient core-shell composites in nature 791:844 Building on previous work in our lab that described composite CG biomaterials containing a porous scaffold core and nonporous CG membrane shell inspired by mechanically efficient core-shell composites in nature, this study explores an approach to improve cellular infiltration and metabolic health within these core-shell composites. 24327556 4 25 theme CG 1064:1065 arg1 scaffolds 1067:1075 porous CG scaffolds 1057:1075 porous CG scaffolds 1057:1075 We use indentation analyses to demonstrate that CG membranes, while less permeable than porous CG scaffolds, show similar permeability to dense materials such as small intestine submucosa (SIS). 24327556 2 26 theme collagen-glycosaminoglycan 484:509 arg1 scaffolds 516:524 collagen-glycosaminoglycan (CG) scaffolds 484:524 collagen-glycosaminoglycan (CG) scaffolds 484:524 While collagen-glycosaminoglycan (CG) scaffolds have been developed for a range of tissue engineering applications, they exhibit poor mechanical properties. 24327556 2 26 theme collagen-glycosaminoglycan 484:509 arg1 CG 512:513 CG 512:513 CG 512:513 While collagen-glycosaminoglycan (CG) scaffolds have been developed for a range of tissue engineering applications, they exhibit poor mechanical properties. 24327556 3 27 contain containing 713:722 arg1 biomaterials 700:711 composite CG biomaterials 687:711 composite CG biomaterials containing a porous scaffold core and nonporous CG membrane shell inspired by mechanically efficient core-shell composites in nature 687:844 Building on previous work in our lab that described composite CG biomaterials containing a porous scaffold core and nonporous CG membrane shell inspired by mechanically efficient core-shell composites in nature, this study explores an approach to improve cellular infiltration and metabolic health within these core-shell composites. 24327556 3 27 contain containing 713:722 arg2 core 742:745 a porous scaffold core and nonporous CG membrane shell 724:777 core 742:745 Building on previous work in our lab that described composite CG biomaterials containing a porous scaffold core and nonporous CG membrane shell inspired by mechanically efficient core-shell composites in nature, this study explores an approach to improve cellular infiltration and metabolic health within these core-shell composites. 24327556 3 27 contain containing 713:722 arg2 shell 773:777 a porous scaffold core and nonporous CG membrane shell 724:777 shell 773:777 Building on previous work in our lab that described composite CG biomaterials containing a porous scaffold core and nonporous CG membrane shell inspired by mechanically efficient core-shell composites in nature, this study explores an approach to improve cellular infiltration and metabolic health within these core-shell composites. 24327556 6 28 theme platelet-derived 1403:1418 arg1 factor 1427:1432 platelet-derived growth factor 1403:1432 platelet-derived growth factor 1403:1432 We demonstrate that perforated membranes support improved tenocyte migration into CG scaffolds, and that migration is enhanced by platelet-derived growth factor BB-mediated chemotaxis. 24327556 6 29 theme perforated 1293:1302 arg1 membranes 1304:1312 perforated membranes 1293:1312 perforated membranes 1293:1312 We demonstrate that perforated membranes support improved tenocyte migration into CG scaffolds, and that migration is enhanced by platelet-derived growth factor BB-mediated chemotaxis. 24327556 4 30 theme indentation 976:986 arg1 analyses 988:995 indentation analyses 976:995 indentation analyses 976:995 We use indentation analyses to demonstrate that CG membranes, while less permeable than porous CG scaffolds, show similar permeability to dense materials such as small intestine submucosa (SIS). 24327556 6 31 link platelet-derived 1403:1418 arg1 factor 1427:1432 platelet-derived growth factor 1403:1432 platelet-derived growth factor 1403:1432 We demonstrate that perforated membranes support improved tenocyte migration into CG scaffolds, and that migration is enhanced by platelet-derived growth factor BB-mediated chemotaxis. 24327556 1 32 theme adequate 356:363 arg1 porosity 365:372 porosity 365:372 porosity 365:372 Orthopedic tissue engineering requires biomaterials with robust mechanics as well as adequate porosity and permeability to support cell motility, proliferation, and new extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis. 24327556 4 33 dep show 1078:1081 arg1 permeable 1042:1050 permeable 1042:1050 permeable 1042:1050 We use indentation analyses to demonstrate that CG membranes, while less permeable than porous CG scaffolds, show similar permeability to dense materials such as small intestine submucosa (SIS). 24327556 3 34 theme metabolic 916:924 arg1 health 926:931 metabolic health 916:931 metabolic health 916:931 Building on previous work in our lab that described composite CG biomaterials containing a porous scaffold core and nonporous CG membrane shell inspired by mechanically efficient core-shell composites in nature, this study explores an approach to improve cellular infiltration and metabolic health within these core-shell composites. 24327556 4 35 theme porous 1057:1062 arg1 scaffolds 1067:1075 porous CG scaffolds 1057:1075 porous CG scaffolds 1057:1075 We use indentation analyses to demonstrate that CG membranes, while less permeable than porous CG scaffolds, show similar permeability to dense materials such as small intestine submucosa (SIS). 24327556 5 36 theme simple 1183:1188 arg1 method 1190:1195 a simple method 1181:1195 a simple method to fabricate CG membranes with organized arrays of microscale perforations 1181:1270 We also describe a simple method to fabricate CG membranes with organized arrays of microscale perforations. 24327556 1 37 theme tissue 282:287 arg1 engineering 289:299 Orthopedic tissue engineering 271:299 Orthopedic tissue engineering 271:299 Orthopedic tissue engineering requires biomaterials with robust mechanics as well as adequate porosity and permeability to support cell motility, proliferation, and new extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis. 24327556 3 38 theme core-shell 946:955 arg1 composites 957:966 these core-shell composites 940:966 these core-shell composites 940:966 Building on previous work in our lab that described composite CG biomaterials containing a porous scaffold core and nonporous CG membrane shell inspired by mechanically efficient core-shell composites in nature, this study explores an approach to improve cellular infiltration and metabolic health within these core-shell composites. 24327556 0 39 theme Young 20:24 arg1 Category 39:46 the Young Investigator Category 16:46 the Young Investigator Category 16:46 Award Winner in the Young Investigator Category, 2014 Society for Biomaterials Annual Meeting and Exposition, Denver, Colorado, April 16-19, 2014: Periodically perforated core-shell collagen biomaterials balance cell infiltration, bioactivity, and mechanical properties. 24327556 3 40 theme previous 647:654 arg1 work 656:659 previous work 647:659 previous work in our lab that described composite CG biomaterials containing a porous scaffold core and nonporous CG membrane shell inspired by mechanically efficient core-shell composites in nature 647:844 Building on previous work in our lab that described composite CG biomaterials containing a porous scaffold core and nonporous CG membrane shell inspired by mechanically efficient core-shell composites in nature, this study explores an approach to improve cellular infiltration and metabolic health within these core-shell composites. 24327556 4 41 theme dense 1107:1111 arg1 submucosa 1147:1155 small intestine submucosa 1131:1155 small intestine submucosa (SIS) 1131:1161 We use indentation analyses to demonstrate that CG membranes, while less permeable than porous CG scaffolds, show similar permeability to dense materials such as small intestine submucosa (SIS). 24327556 4 41 theme dense 1107:1111 arg1 materials 1113:1121 dense materials 1107:1121 dense materials such as small intestine submucosa (SIS) 1107:1161 We use indentation analyses to demonstrate that CG membranes, while less permeable than porous CG scaffolds, show similar permeability to dense materials such as small intestine submucosa (SIS). 24327556 8 42 theme membrane-scaffold 1685:1701 arg1 composites 1703:1712 perforated membrane-scaffold composites 1674:1712 perforated membrane-scaffold composites 1674:1712 Finally, we show that perforated membrane-scaffold composites support sustained tenocyte metabolic activity as well as improved cell infiltration and reduced expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α compared to composites with nonperforated membranes. 24327556 3 43 from composites 825:834 arg1 nature 839:844 nature 839:844 nature 839:844 Building on previous work in our lab that described composite CG biomaterials containing a porous scaffold core and nonporous CG membrane shell inspired by mechanically efficient core-shell composites in nature, this study explores an approach to improve cellular infiltration and metabolic health within these core-shell composites. 24327556 8 44 theme improved 1771:1778 arg1 infiltration 1785:1796 improved cell infiltration 1771:1796 sustained tenocyte metabolic activity as well as improved cell infiltration 1722:1796 Finally, we show that perforated membrane-scaffold composites support sustained tenocyte metabolic activity as well as improved cell infiltration and reduced expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α compared to composites with nonperforated membranes. 24327556 7 45 with integration 1546:1556 arg1 properties 1594:1603 significantly improved tensile properties 1563:1603 significantly improved tensile properties 1563:1603 CG core-shell composites fabricated with perforated membranes display scaffold-membrane integration with significantly improved tensile properties compared to scaffolds without membrane shells. 24327556 5 46 theme microscale 1248:1257 arg1 perforations 1259:1270 microscale perforations 1248:1270 microscale perforations 1248:1270 We also describe a simple method to fabricate CG membranes with organized arrays of microscale perforations. 24327556 7 47 theme improved 1577:1584 arg1 properties 1594:1603 significantly improved tensile properties 1563:1603 significantly improved tensile properties 1563:1603 CG core-shell composites fabricated with perforated membranes display scaffold-membrane integration with significantly improved tensile properties compared to scaffolds without membrane shells. 24327556 8 48 theme tenocyte 1732:1739 arg1 activity 1751:1758 sustained tenocyte metabolic activity 1722:1758 sustained tenocyte metabolic activity as well as improved cell infiltration 1722:1796 Finally, we show that perforated membrane-scaffold composites support sustained tenocyte metabolic activity as well as improved cell infiltration and reduced expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α compared to composites with nonperforated membranes. 24327556 6 49 theme improved 1322:1329 arg1 migration 1340:1348 improved tenocyte migration 1322:1348 improved tenocyte migration into CG scaffolds 1322:1366 We demonstrate that perforated membranes support improved tenocyte migration into CG scaffolds, and that migration is enhanced by platelet-derived growth factor BB-mediated chemotaxis. 24327556 5 50 theme CG 1210:1211 arg1 membranes 1213:1221 CG membranes 1210:1221 CG membranes 1210:1221 We also describe a simple method to fabricate CG membranes with organized arrays of microscale perforations. 24327556 9 51 theme exogenous 2054:2062 arg1 cells 2064:2068 exogenous cells 2054:2068 exogenous cells 2054:2068 These results will guide the design of improved biomaterials for tendon repair that are mechanically competent while also supporting infiltration of exogenous cells and other extrinsic mediators of wound healing. 24327556 3 52 theme CG 697:698 arg1 biomaterials 700:711 composite CG biomaterials 687:711 composite CG biomaterials containing a porous scaffold core and nonporous CG membrane shell inspired by mechanically efficient core-shell composites in nature 687:844 Building on previous work in our lab that described composite CG biomaterials containing a porous scaffold core and nonporous CG membrane shell inspired by mechanically efficient core-shell composites in nature, this study explores an approach to improve cellular infiltration and metabolic health within these core-shell composites. 24327556 0 53 theme perforated 160:169 arg1 biomaterials 191:202 Periodically perforated core-shell collagen biomaterials 147:202 Periodically perforated core-shell collagen biomaterials balance cell infiltration 147:228 Award Winner in the Young Investigator Category, 2014 Society for Biomaterials Annual Meeting and Exposition, Denver, Colorado, April 16-19, 2014: Periodically perforated core-shell collagen biomaterials balance cell infiltration, bioactivity, and mechanical properties. 24327556 1 54 theme extracellular 440:452 arg1 matrix 454:459 extracellular matrix 440:459 new extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis 436:475 Orthopedic tissue engineering requires biomaterials with robust mechanics as well as adequate porosity and permeability to support cell motility, proliferation, and new extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis. 24327556 1 54 theme extracellular 440:452 arg1 ECM 462:464 ECM 462:464 ECM 462:464 Orthopedic tissue engineering requires biomaterials with robust mechanics as well as adequate porosity and permeability to support cell motility, proliferation, and new extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis. 24327556 7 55 theme scaffold-membrane 1528:1544 arg1 integration 1546:1556 scaffold-membrane integration 1528:1556 scaffold-membrane integration with significantly improved tensile properties 1528:1603 CG core-shell composites fabricated with perforated membranes display scaffold-membrane integration with significantly improved tensile properties compared to scaffolds without membrane shells. 24327556 7 56 theme perforated 1499:1508 arg1 membranes 1510:1518 perforated membranes 1499:1518 perforated membranes 1499:1518 CG core-shell composites fabricated with perforated membranes display scaffold-membrane integration with significantly improved tensile properties compared to scaffolds without membrane shells. 24327556 3 57 from work 656:659 arg1 lab 668:670 our lab 664:670 our lab that described composite CG biomaterials containing a porous scaffold core and nonporous CG membrane shell inspired by mechanically efficient core-shell composites in nature 664:844 Building on previous work in our lab that described composite CG biomaterials containing a porous scaffold core and nonporous CG membrane shell inspired by mechanically efficient core-shell composites in nature, this study explores an approach to improve cellular infiltration and metabolic health within these core-shell composites. 24327556 0 58 theme collagen 182:189 arg1 biomaterials 191:202 Periodically perforated core-shell collagen biomaterials 147:202 Periodically perforated core-shell collagen biomaterials balance cell infiltration 147:228 Award Winner in the Young Investigator Category, 2014 Society for Biomaterials Annual Meeting and Exposition, Denver, Colorado, April 16-19, 2014: Periodically perforated core-shell collagen biomaterials balance cell infiltration, bioactivity, and mechanical properties. 24327556 8 59 theme factor 1842:1847 arg1 expression 1810:1819 expression 1810:1819 expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α 1810:1850 Finally, we show that perforated membrane-scaffold composites support sustained tenocyte metabolic activity as well as improved cell infiltration and reduced expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α compared to composites with nonperforated membranes. 24327556 9 60 theme extrinsic 2080:2088 arg1 mediators 2090:2098 other extrinsic mediators 2074:2098 other extrinsic mediators of wound healing 2074:2115 These results will guide the design of improved biomaterials for tendon repair that are mechanically competent while also supporting infiltration of exogenous cells and other extrinsic mediators of wound healing. 24327556 3 61 theme porous 726:731 arg1 core 742:745 a porous scaffold core and nonporous CG membrane shell 724:777 core 742:745 Building on previous work in our lab that described composite CG biomaterials containing a porous scaffold core and nonporous CG membrane shell inspired by mechanically efficient core-shell composites in nature, this study explores an approach to improve cellular infiltration and metabolic health within these core-shell composites. 24327556 0 62 theme balance 204:210 arg1 infiltration 217:228 Periodically perforated core-shell collagen biomaterials balance cell infiltration 147:228 Periodically perforated core-shell collagen biomaterials balance cell infiltration 147:228 Award Winner in the Young Investigator Category, 2014 Society for Biomaterials Annual Meeting and Exposition, Denver, Colorado, April 16-19, 2014: Periodically perforated core-shell collagen biomaterials balance cell infiltration, bioactivity, and mechanical properties. 24327556 2 63 theme mechanical 612:621 arg1 properties 623:632 poor mechanical properties 607:632 poor mechanical properties 607:632 While collagen-glycosaminoglycan (CG) scaffolds have been developed for a range of tissue engineering applications, they exhibit poor mechanical properties. 24327556 7 64 theme core-shell 1461:1470 arg1 composites 1472:1481 CG core-shell composites 1458:1481 CG core-shell composites fabricated with perforated membranes 1458:1518 CG core-shell composites fabricated with perforated membranes display scaffold-membrane integration with significantly improved tensile properties compared to scaffolds without membrane shells. 24327556 4 65 theme small 1131:1135 arg1 intestine 1137:1145 small intestine 1131:1145 small intestine submucosa (SIS) 1131:1161 We use indentation analyses to demonstrate that CG membranes, while less permeable than porous CG scaffolds, show similar permeability to dense materials such as small intestine submucosa (SIS). 24327556 3 66 theme membrane 764:771 arg1 shell 773:777 a porous scaffold core and nonporous CG membrane shell 724:777 shell 773:777 Building on previous work in our lab that described composite CG biomaterials containing a porous scaffold core and nonporous CG membrane shell inspired by mechanically efficient core-shell composites in nature, this study explores an approach to improve cellular infiltration and metabolic health within these core-shell composites. 24327556 9 67 theme healing 2109:2115 arg1 mediators 2090:2098 other extrinsic mediators 2074:2098 other extrinsic mediators of wound healing 2074:2115 These results will guide the design of improved biomaterials for tendon repair that are mechanically competent while also supporting infiltration of exogenous cells and other extrinsic mediators of wound healing. 24327556 9 67 theme healing 2109:2115 arg1 cells 2064:2068 exogenous cells 2054:2068 exogenous cells 2054:2068 These results will guide the design of improved biomaterials for tendon repair that are mechanically competent while also supporting infiltration of exogenous cells and other extrinsic mediators of wound healing. 24327556 3 68 theme nonporous 751:759 arg1 shell 773:777 a porous scaffold core and nonporous CG membrane shell 724:777 shell 773:777 Building on previous work in our lab that described composite CG biomaterials containing a porous scaffold core and nonporous CG membrane shell inspired by mechanically efficient core-shell composites in nature, this study explores an approach to improve cellular infiltration and metabolic health within these core-shell composites. 24327556 8 69 theme nonperforated 1880:1892 arg1 membranes 1894:1902 nonperforated membranes 1880:1902 nonperforated membranes 1880:1902 Finally, we show that perforated membrane-scaffold composites support sustained tenocyte metabolic activity as well as improved cell infiltration and reduced expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α compared to composites with nonperforated membranes. 24327556 6 70 theme CG 1355:1356 arg1 scaffolds 1358:1366 CG scaffolds 1355:1366 CG scaffolds 1355:1366 We demonstrate that perforated membranes support improved tenocyte migration into CG scaffolds, and that migration is enhanced by platelet-derived growth factor BB-mediated chemotaxis. 24327556 2 71 theme engineering 568:578 arg1 applications 580:591 tissue engineering applications 561:591 tissue engineering applications 561:591 While collagen-glycosaminoglycan (CG) scaffolds have been developed for a range of tissue engineering applications, they exhibit poor mechanical properties. 24327556 6 72 theme BB-mediated 1434:1444 arg1 chemotaxis 1446:1455 platelet-derived growth factor BB-mediated chemotaxis 1403:1455 platelet-derived growth factor BB-mediated chemotaxis 1403:1455 We demonstrate that perforated membranes support improved tenocyte migration into CG scaffolds, and that migration is enhanced by platelet-derived growth factor BB-mediated chemotaxis. 24327556 3 73 theme core-shell 814:823 arg1 composites 825:834 mechanically efficient core-shell composites 791:834 mechanically efficient core-shell composites in nature 791:844 Building on previous work in our lab that described composite CG biomaterials containing a porous scaffold core and nonporous CG membrane shell inspired by mechanically efficient core-shell composites in nature, this study explores an approach to improve cellular infiltration and metabolic health within these core-shell composites. 24327556 6 74 theme growth 1420:1425 arg1 factor 1427:1432 platelet-derived growth factor 1403:1432 platelet-derived growth factor 1403:1432 We demonstrate that perforated membranes support improved tenocyte migration into CG scaffolds, and that migration is enhanced by platelet-derived growth factor BB-mediated chemotaxis. 24327556 4 75 theme CG 1017:1018 arg1 membranes 1020:1028 CG membranes 1017:1028 CG membranes 1017:1028 We use indentation analyses to demonstrate that CG membranes, while less permeable than porous CG scaffolds, show similar permeability to dense materials such as small intestine submucosa (SIS). 24327556 0 76 theme cell 212:215 arg1 infiltration 217:228 Periodically perforated core-shell collagen biomaterials balance cell infiltration 147:228 Periodically perforated core-shell collagen biomaterials balance cell infiltration 147:228 Award Winner in the Young Investigator Category, 2014 Society for Biomaterials Annual Meeting and Exposition, Denver, Colorado, April 16-19, 2014: Periodically perforated core-shell collagen biomaterials balance cell infiltration, bioactivity, and mechanical properties. 24327556 3 77 theme cellular 890:897 arg1 infiltration 899:910 cellular infiltration 890:910 cellular infiltration 890:910 Building on previous work in our lab that described composite CG biomaterials containing a porous scaffold core and nonporous CG membrane shell inspired by mechanically efficient core-shell composites in nature, this study explores an approach to improve cellular infiltration and metabolic health within these core-shell composites. 24327556 0 78 dep Meeting 86:92 arg1 Annual 79:84 Annual 79:84 Annual 79:84 Award Winner in the Young Investigator Category, 2014 Society for Biomaterials Annual Meeting and Exposition, Denver, Colorado, April 16-19, 2014: Periodically perforated core-shell collagen biomaterials balance cell infiltration, bioactivity, and mechanical properties. 24327556 9 79 theme biomaterials 1953:1964 arg1 design 1934:1939 the design 1930:1939 the design of improved biomaterials for tendon repair that are mechanically competent while also supporting infiltration of exogenous cells and other extrinsic mediators of wound healing 1930:2115 These results will guide the design of improved biomaterials for tendon repair that are mechanically competent while also supporting infiltration of exogenous cells and other extrinsic mediators of wound healing. 24327556 8 80 with composites 1864:1873 arg1 membranes 1894:1902 nonperforated membranes 1880:1902 nonperforated membranes 1880:1902 Finally, we show that perforated membrane-scaffold composites support sustained tenocyte metabolic activity as well as improved cell infiltration and reduced expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α compared to composites with nonperforated membranes. 24327556 1 81 theme Orthopedic 271:280 arg1 engineering 289:299 Orthopedic tissue engineering 271:299 Orthopedic tissue engineering 271:299 Orthopedic tissue engineering requires biomaterials with robust mechanics as well as adequate porosity and permeability to support cell motility, proliferation, and new extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis. 24327556 0 82 theme mechanical 248:257 arg1 properties 259:268 mechanical properties 248:268 mechanical properties 248:268 Award Winner in the Young Investigator Category, 2014 Society for Biomaterials Annual Meeting and Exposition, Denver, Colorado, April 16-19, 2014: Periodically perforated core-shell collagen biomaterials balance cell infiltration, bioactivity, and mechanical properties. 24327556 9 83 theme tendon 1970:1975 arg1 repair 1977:1982 tendon repair 1970:1982 tendon repair that are mechanically competent while also supporting infiltration of exogenous cells and other extrinsic mediators of wound healing 1970:2115 These results will guide the design of improved biomaterials for tendon repair that are mechanically competent while also supporting infiltration of exogenous cells and other extrinsic mediators of wound healing. 24327556 0 84 theme Investigator 26:37 arg1 Category 39:46 the Young Investigator Category 16:46 the Young Investigator Category 16:46 Award Winner in the Young Investigator Category, 2014 Society for Biomaterials Annual Meeting and Exposition, Denver, Colorado, April 16-19, 2014: Periodically perforated core-shell collagen biomaterials balance cell infiltration, bioactivity, and mechanical properties. 24327556 8 85 theme perforated 1674:1683 arg1 composites 1703:1712 perforated membrane-scaffold composites 1674:1712 perforated membrane-scaffold composites 1674:1712 Finally, we show that perforated membrane-scaffold composites support sustained tenocyte metabolic activity as well as improved cell infiltration and reduced expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α compared to composites with nonperforated membranes. 24327556 7 86 theme membrane 1635:1642 arg1 shells 1644:1649 membrane shells 1635:1649 membrane shells 1635:1649 CG core-shell composites fabricated with perforated membranes display scaffold-membrane integration with significantly improved tensile properties compared to scaffolds without membrane shells. 24327556 8 87 theme cell 1780:1783 arg1 infiltration 1785:1796 improved cell infiltration 1771:1796 sustained tenocyte metabolic activity as well as improved cell infiltration 1722:1796 Finally, we show that perforated membrane-scaffold composites support sustained tenocyte metabolic activity as well as improved cell infiltration and reduced expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α compared to composites with nonperforated membranes. 24327556 1 88 theme robust 328:333 arg1 mechanics 335:343 robust mechanics 328:343 robust mechanics as well as adequate porosity and permeability 328:389 Orthopedic tissue engineering requires biomaterials with robust mechanics as well as adequate porosity and permeability to support cell motility, proliferation, and new extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis. 24327556 8 89 theme sustained 1722:1730 arg1 activity 1751:1758 sustained tenocyte metabolic activity 1722:1758 sustained tenocyte metabolic activity as well as improved cell infiltration 1722:1796 Finally, we show that perforated membrane-scaffold composites support sustained tenocyte metabolic activity as well as improved cell infiltration and reduced expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α compared to composites with nonperforated membranes. 24327556 0 90 dep Winner 6:11 arg1 bioactivity 231:241 bioactivity 231:241 bioactivity 231:241 Award Winner in the Young Investigator Category, 2014 Society for Biomaterials Annual Meeting and Exposition, Denver, Colorado, April 16-19, 2014: Periodically perforated core-shell collagen biomaterials balance cell infiltration, bioactivity, and mechanical properties. 24327556 0 90 dep Winner 6:11 arg1 infiltration 217:228 Periodically perforated core-shell collagen biomaterials balance cell infiltration 147:228 Periodically perforated core-shell collagen biomaterials balance cell infiltration 147:228 Award Winner in the Young Investigator Category, 2014 Society for Biomaterials Annual Meeting and Exposition, Denver, Colorado, April 16-19, 2014: Periodically perforated core-shell collagen biomaterials balance cell infiltration, bioactivity, and mechanical properties. 24327556 0 90 dep Winner 6:11 arg1 properties 259:268 mechanical properties 248:268 mechanical properties 248:268 Award Winner in the Young Investigator Category, 2014 Society for Biomaterials Annual Meeting and Exposition, Denver, Colorado, April 16-19, 2014: Periodically perforated core-shell collagen biomaterials balance cell infiltration, bioactivity, and mechanical properties. 24327556 8 91 theme metabolic 1741:1749 arg1 activity 1751:1758 sustained tenocyte metabolic activity 1722:1758 sustained tenocyte metabolic activity as well as improved cell infiltration 1722:1796 Finally, we show that perforated membrane-scaffold composites support sustained tenocyte metabolic activity as well as improved cell infiltration and reduced expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α compared to composites with nonperforated membranes. 24327556 9 92 theme improved 1944:1951 arg1 biomaterials 1953:1964 improved biomaterials 1944:1964 improved biomaterials 1944:1964 These results will guide the design of improved biomaterials for tendon repair that are mechanically competent while also supporting infiltration of exogenous cells and other extrinsic mediators of wound healing. 24327556 5 93 theme perforations 1259:1270 arg1 arrays 1238:1243 organized arrays 1228:1243 organized arrays of microscale perforations 1228:1270 We also describe a simple method to fabricate CG membranes with organized arrays of microscale perforations. 28501149 7 0 theme temperature 1296:1306 arg1 procedure 1324:1332 the high temperature pressure dyeing procedure 1287:1332 the high temperature pressure dyeing procedure 1287:1332 The prepared pH-sensory hydrazone-based disperse dye is then applied to dye the produced cellulose-based composite films employing the high temperature pressure dyeing procedure. 28501149 3 1 theme UV-vis 590:595 arg1 spectra 608:614 UV-vis absorption spectra 590:614 UV-vis absorption spectra 590:614 UV-vis absorption spectra display solvatochromism and reversible color changes of the TCFH solution in dimethyl sulfoxide in response to pH variations. 28501149 8 2 theme produced 1339:1346 arg1 strip 1377:1381 The produced halochromic PET-CA-TCFH test strip 1335:1381 The produced halochromic PET-CA-TCFH test strip 1335:1381 The produced halochromic PET-CA-TCFH test strip provide an instant visible signal from orange to purple upon exposure to alkaline conditions as proved by the coloration measurements. 28501149 3 3 theme reversible 644:653 arg1 changes 661:667 reversible color changes 644:667 reversible color changes 644:667 UV-vis absorption spectra display solvatochromism and reversible color changes of the TCFH solution in dimethyl sulfoxide in response to pH variations. 28501149 8 4 theme PET-CA-TCFH 1360:1370 arg1 strip 1377:1381 The produced halochromic PET-CA-TCFH test strip 1335:1381 The produced halochromic PET-CA-TCFH test strip 1335:1381 The produced halochromic PET-CA-TCFH test strip provide an instant visible signal from orange to purple upon exposure to alkaline conditions as proved by the coloration measurements. 28501149 5 5 theme modified 1033:1040 arg1 terephthalate 1055:1067 modified polyethylene terephthalate 1033:1067 modified polyethylene terephthalate 1033:1067 Composite films made from CA, Cell/CA, PET/CA, and Cell/PET-CA are produced via solvent-casting procedure using 10-30% modified cellulose or modified polyethylene terephthalate. 28501149 7 6 theme cellulose-based 1245:1259 arg1 films 1271:1275 the produced cellulose-based composite films 1232:1275 the produced cellulose-based composite films employing the high temperature pressure dyeing procedure 1232:1332 The prepared pH-sensory hydrazone-based disperse dye is then applied to dye the produced cellulose-based composite films employing the high temperature pressure dyeing procedure. 28501149 5 7 theme 10-30 1004:1008 arg1 % 1009:1009 % 1009:1009 % 1009:1009 Composite films made from CA, Cell/CA, PET/CA, and Cell/PET-CA are produced via solvent-casting procedure using 10-30% modified cellulose or modified polyethylene terephthalate. 28501149 9 8 theme room 1661:1664 arg1 temperature 1666:1676 room temperature 1661:1676 room temperature 1661:1676 The sensor strip exhibits high sensitivity and quick detection toward ammonia in both of aqueous and vapor phases by naked-eye observations at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. 28501149 8 9 theme visible 1402:1408 arg1 signal 1410:1415 an instant visible signal 1391:1415 an instant visible signal from orange to purple 1391:1437 The produced halochromic PET-CA-TCFH test strip provide an instant visible signal from orange to purple upon exposure to alkaline conditions as proved by the coloration measurements. 28501149 1 10 theme portable 113:120 arg1 test 153:156 A simple, portable and highly sensitive naked-eye test 103:156 A simple, portable and highly sensitive naked-eye test strip 103:162 A simple, portable and highly sensitive naked-eye test strip is successfully prepared for optical detection of gaseous and aqueous alkaline analytes. 28501149 3 11 theme dimethyl 693:700 arg1 sulfoxide 702:710 dimethyl sulfoxide 693:710 dimethyl sulfoxide 693:710 UV-vis absorption spectra display solvatochromism and reversible color changes of the TCFH solution in dimethyl sulfoxide in response to pH variations. 28501149 7 12 theme pH-sensory 1169:1178 arg1 dye 1205:1207 The prepared pH-sensory hydrazone-based disperse dye 1156:1207 The prepared pH-sensory hydrazone-based disperse dye 1156:1207 The prepared pH-sensory hydrazone-based disperse dye is then applied to dye the produced cellulose-based composite films employing the high temperature pressure dyeing procedure. 28501149 1 13 theme gaseous 214:220 arg1 analytes 243:250 gaseous and aqueous alkaline analytes 214:250 gaseous and aqueous alkaline analytes 214:250 A simple, portable and highly sensitive naked-eye test strip is successfully prepared for optical detection of gaseous and aqueous alkaline analytes. 28501149 3 14 theme solution 681:688 arg1 changes 661:667 reversible color changes 644:667 reversible color changes 644:667 UV-vis absorption spectra display solvatochromism and reversible color changes of the TCFH solution in dimethyl sulfoxide in response to pH variations. 28501149 3 14 theme solution 681:688 arg1 solvatochromism 624:638 solvatochromism 624:638 solvatochromism 624:638 UV-vis absorption spectra display solvatochromism and reversible color changes of the TCFH solution in dimethyl sulfoxide in response to pH variations. 28501149 5 15 theme polyethylene 1042:1053 arg1 terephthalate 1055:1067 modified polyethylene terephthalate 1033:1067 modified polyethylene terephthalate 1033:1067 Composite films made from CA, Cell/CA, PET/CA, and Cell/PET-CA are produced via solvent-casting procedure using 10-30% modified cellulose or modified polyethylene terephthalate. 28501149 7 16 theme dyeing 1317:1322 arg1 procedure 1324:1332 the high temperature pressure dyeing procedure 1287:1332 the high temperature pressure dyeing procedure 1287:1332 The prepared pH-sensory hydrazone-based disperse dye is then applied to dye the produced cellulose-based composite films employing the high temperature pressure dyeing procedure. 28501149 4 17 theme high 859:862 arg1 affinity 864:871 their high affinity 853:871 their high affinity for disperse dyes 853:889 We investigate the preparation of hydrophobic cellulose/polyethylene terephthalate composites characterized by their high affinity for disperse dyes. 28501149 3 18 from changes 661:667 arg1 sulfoxide 702:710 dimethyl sulfoxide 693:710 dimethyl sulfoxide 693:710 UV-vis absorption spectra display solvatochromism and reversible color changes of the TCFH solution in dimethyl sulfoxide in response to pH variations. 28501149 7 19 theme prepared 1160:1167 arg1 dye 1205:1207 The prepared pH-sensory hydrazone-based disperse dye 1156:1207 The prepared pH-sensory hydrazone-based disperse dye 1156:1207 The prepared pH-sensory hydrazone-based disperse dye is then applied to dye the produced cellulose-based composite films employing the high temperature pressure dyeing procedure. 28501149 2 20 theme pH-sensory 259:268 arg1 colorant 310:317 Novel pH-sensory tricyanofuran-hydrazone (TCFH) disperse colorant 253:317 Novel pH-sensory tricyanofuran-hydrazone (TCFH) disperse colorant containing a hydrazone recognition functional moiety 253:370 Novel pH-sensory tricyanofuran-hydrazone (TCFH) disperse colorant containing a hydrazone recognition functional moiety is successfully synthesized via azo-coupling reaction between active methyl-containing tricyanofuran (TCF) heterocycle and diazonium salt of 4-aminobenzaldehyde followed by Knoevenagel condensation with malononitrile. 28501149 9 21 dep aqueous 1607:1613 arg1 phases 1625:1630 phases 1625:1630 phases 1625:1630 The sensor strip exhibits high sensitivity and quick detection toward ammonia in both of aqueous and vapor phases by naked-eye observations at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. 28501149 4 22 theme cellulose/polyethylene 788:809 arg1 composites 825:834 hydrophobic cellulose/polyethylene terephthalate composites 776:834 hydrophobic cellulose/polyethylene terephthalate composites characterized by their high affinity for disperse dyes 776:889 We investigate the preparation of hydrophobic cellulose/polyethylene terephthalate composites characterized by their high affinity for disperse dyes. 28501149 5 23 theme Composite 892:900 arg1 films 902:906 Composite films 892:906 Composite films made from CA, Cell/CA, PET/CA, and Cell/PET-CA 892:953 Composite films made from CA, Cell/CA, PET/CA, and Cell/PET-CA are produced via solvent-casting procedure using 10-30% modified cellulose or modified polyethylene terephthalate. 28501149 5 24 theme modified 1011:1018 arg1 cellulose 1020:1028 10-30% modified cellulose 1004:1028 10-30% modified cellulose 1004:1028 Composite films made from CA, Cell/CA, PET/CA, and Cell/PET-CA are produced via solvent-casting procedure using 10-30% modified cellulose or modified polyethylene terephthalate. 28501149 4 25 theme composites 825:834 arg1 preparation 761:771 the preparation 757:771 the preparation of hydrophobic cellulose/polyethylene terephthalate composites characterized by their high affinity for disperse dyes 757:889 We investigate the preparation of hydrophobic cellulose/polyethylene terephthalate composites characterized by their high affinity for disperse dyes. 28501149 3 26 from solvatochromism 624:638 arg1 sulfoxide 702:710 dimethyl sulfoxide 693:710 dimethyl sulfoxide 693:710 UV-vis absorption spectra display solvatochromism and reversible color changes of the TCFH solution in dimethyl sulfoxide in response to pH variations. 28501149 0 27 theme vapors 82:87 arg1 detection 60:68 naked-eye detection 50:68 naked-eye detection of alkaline vapors and analytes 50:100 Novel cellulose-based halochromic test strips for naked-eye detection of alkaline vapors and analytes. 28501149 9 28 from detection 1571:1579 arg1 aqueous 1607:1613 aqueous 1607:1613 aqueous 1607:1613 The sensor strip exhibits high sensitivity and quick detection toward ammonia in both of aqueous and vapor phases by naked-eye observations at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. 28501149 9 28 from detection 1571:1579 arg1 both 1599:1602 both 1599:1602 both 1599:1602 The sensor strip exhibits high sensitivity and quick detection toward ammonia in both of aqueous and vapor phases by naked-eye observations at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. 28501149 9 28 from detection 1571:1579 arg1 vapor 1619:1623 vapor 1619:1623 vapor 1619:1623 The sensor strip exhibits high sensitivity and quick detection toward ammonia in both of aqueous and vapor phases by naked-eye observations at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. 28501149 2 29 with condensation 557:568 arg1 malononitrile 575:587 malononitrile 575:587 malononitrile 575:587 Novel pH-sensory tricyanofuran-hydrazone (TCFH) disperse colorant containing a hydrazone recognition functional moiety is successfully synthesized via azo-coupling reaction between active methyl-containing tricyanofuran (TCF) heterocycle and diazonium salt of 4-aminobenzaldehyde followed by Knoevenagel condensation with malononitrile. 28501149 0 30 theme analytes 93:100 arg1 detection 60:68 naked-eye detection 50:68 naked-eye detection of alkaline vapors and analytes 50:100 Novel cellulose-based halochromic test strips for naked-eye detection of alkaline vapors and analytes. 28501149 6 31 theme films 1132:1136 arg1 properties 1085:1094 The mechanical properties 1070:1094 The mechanical properties 1070:1094 The mechanical properties and morphologies of these composite films are investigated. 28501149 6 31 theme films 1132:1136 arg1 morphologies 1100:1111 morphologies 1100:1111 morphologies 1100:1111 The mechanical properties and morphologies of these composite films are investigated. 28501149 2 32 theme TCF 474:476 arg1 heterocycle 479:489 active methyl-containing tricyanofuran (TCF) heterocycle 434:489 active methyl-containing tricyanofuran (TCF) heterocycle 434:489 Novel pH-sensory tricyanofuran-hydrazone (TCFH) disperse colorant containing a hydrazone recognition functional moiety is successfully synthesized via azo-coupling reaction between active methyl-containing tricyanofuran (TCF) heterocycle and diazonium salt of 4-aminobenzaldehyde followed by Knoevenagel condensation with malononitrile. 28501149 2 33 theme methyl-containing 441:457 arg1 heterocycle 479:489 active methyl-containing tricyanofuran (TCF) heterocycle 434:489 active methyl-containing tricyanofuran (TCF) heterocycle 434:489 Novel pH-sensory tricyanofuran-hydrazone (TCFH) disperse colorant containing a hydrazone recognition functional moiety is successfully synthesized via azo-coupling reaction between active methyl-containing tricyanofuran (TCF) heterocycle and diazonium salt of 4-aminobenzaldehyde followed by Knoevenagel condensation with malononitrile. 28501149 0 34 theme Novel 0:4 arg1 test 34:37 Novel cellulose-based halochromic test 0:37 Novel cellulose-based halochromic test 0:37 Novel cellulose-based halochromic test strips for naked-eye detection of alkaline vapors and analytes. 28501149 9 35 theme sensor 1522:1527 arg1 strip 1529:1533 The sensor strip 1518:1533 The sensor strip 1518:1533 The sensor strip exhibits high sensitivity and quick detection toward ammonia in both of aqueous and vapor phases by naked-eye observations at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. 28501149 0 36 theme halochromic 22:32 arg1 test 34:37 Novel cellulose-based halochromic test 0:37 Novel cellulose-based halochromic test 0:37 Novel cellulose-based halochromic test strips for naked-eye detection of alkaline vapors and analytes. 28501149 1 37 theme simple 105:110 arg1 test 153:156 A simple, portable and highly sensitive naked-eye test 103:156 A simple, portable and highly sensitive naked-eye test strip 103:162 A simple, portable and highly sensitive naked-eye test strip is successfully prepared for optical detection of gaseous and aqueous alkaline analytes. 28501149 1 38 theme sensitive 133:141 arg1 test 153:156 A simple, portable and highly sensitive naked-eye test 103:156 A simple, portable and highly sensitive naked-eye test strip 103:162 A simple, portable and highly sensitive naked-eye test strip is successfully prepared for optical detection of gaseous and aqueous alkaline analytes. 28501149 2 39 theme 4-aminobenzaldehyde 513:531 arg1 heterocycle 479:489 active methyl-containing tricyanofuran (TCF) heterocycle 434:489 active methyl-containing tricyanofuran (TCF) heterocycle 434:489 Novel pH-sensory tricyanofuran-hydrazone (TCFH) disperse colorant containing a hydrazone recognition functional moiety is successfully synthesized via azo-coupling reaction between active methyl-containing tricyanofuran (TCF) heterocycle and diazonium salt of 4-aminobenzaldehyde followed by Knoevenagel condensation with malononitrile. 28501149 2 39 theme 4-aminobenzaldehyde 513:531 arg1 salt 505:508 diazonium salt 495:508 diazonium salt 495:508 Novel pH-sensory tricyanofuran-hydrazone (TCFH) disperse colorant containing a hydrazone recognition functional moiety is successfully synthesized via azo-coupling reaction between active methyl-containing tricyanofuran (TCF) heterocycle and diazonium salt of 4-aminobenzaldehyde followed by Knoevenagel condensation with malononitrile. 28501149 0 40 theme naked-eye 50:58 arg1 detection 60:68 naked-eye detection 50:68 naked-eye detection of alkaline vapors and analytes 50:100 Novel cellulose-based halochromic test strips for naked-eye detection of alkaline vapors and analytes. 28501149 9 41 theme quick 1565:1569 arg1 detection 1571:1579 quick detection 1565:1579 quick detection 1565:1579 The sensor strip exhibits high sensitivity and quick detection toward ammonia in both of aqueous and vapor phases by naked-eye observations at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. 28501149 2 42 theme functional 354:363 arg1 moiety 365:370 a hydrazone recognition functional moiety 330:370 a hydrazone recognition functional moiety 330:370 Novel pH-sensory tricyanofuran-hydrazone (TCFH) disperse colorant containing a hydrazone recognition functional moiety is successfully synthesized via azo-coupling reaction between active methyl-containing tricyanofuran (TCF) heterocycle and diazonium salt of 4-aminobenzaldehyde followed by Knoevenagel condensation with malononitrile. 28501149 4 43 theme hydrophobic 776:786 arg1 composites 825:834 hydrophobic cellulose/polyethylene terephthalate composites 776:834 hydrophobic cellulose/polyethylene terephthalate composites characterized by their high affinity for disperse dyes 776:889 We investigate the preparation of hydrophobic cellulose/polyethylene terephthalate composites characterized by their high affinity for disperse dyes. 28501149 3 44 theme absorption 597:606 arg1 spectra 608:614 UV-vis absorption spectra 590:614 UV-vis absorption spectra 590:614 UV-vis absorption spectra display solvatochromism and reversible color changes of the TCFH solution in dimethyl sulfoxide in response to pH variations. 28501149 1 45 theme alkaline 234:241 arg1 analytes 243:250 gaseous and aqueous alkaline analytes 214:250 gaseous and aqueous alkaline analytes 214:250 A simple, portable and highly sensitive naked-eye test strip is successfully prepared for optical detection of gaseous and aqueous alkaline analytes. 28501149 7 46 theme high 1291:1294 arg1 procedure 1324:1332 the high temperature pressure dyeing procedure 1287:1332 the high temperature pressure dyeing procedure 1287:1332 The prepared pH-sensory hydrazone-based disperse dye is then applied to dye the produced cellulose-based composite films employing the high temperature pressure dyeing procedure. 28501149 2 47 theme disperse 301:308 arg1 colorant 310:317 Novel pH-sensory tricyanofuran-hydrazone (TCFH) disperse colorant 253:317 Novel pH-sensory tricyanofuran-hydrazone (TCFH) disperse colorant containing a hydrazone recognition functional moiety 253:370 Novel pH-sensory tricyanofuran-hydrazone (TCFH) disperse colorant containing a hydrazone recognition functional moiety is successfully synthesized via azo-coupling reaction between active methyl-containing tricyanofuran (TCF) heterocycle and diazonium salt of 4-aminobenzaldehyde followed by Knoevenagel condensation with malononitrile. 28501149 7 48 theme composite 1261:1269 arg1 films 1271:1275 the produced cellulose-based composite films 1232:1275 the produced cellulose-based composite films employing the high temperature pressure dyeing procedure 1232:1332 The prepared pH-sensory hydrazone-based disperse dye is then applied to dye the produced cellulose-based composite films employing the high temperature pressure dyeing procedure. 28501149 2 49 theme TCFH 295:298 arg1 colorant 310:317 Novel pH-sensory tricyanofuran-hydrazone (TCFH) disperse colorant 253:317 Novel pH-sensory tricyanofuran-hydrazone (TCFH) disperse colorant containing a hydrazone recognition functional moiety 253:370 Novel pH-sensory tricyanofuran-hydrazone (TCFH) disperse colorant containing a hydrazone recognition functional moiety is successfully synthesized via azo-coupling reaction between active methyl-containing tricyanofuran (TCF) heterocycle and diazonium salt of 4-aminobenzaldehyde followed by Knoevenagel condensation with malononitrile. 28501149 5 50 theme solvent-casting 972:986 arg1 procedure 988:996 solvent-casting procedure 972:996 solvent-casting procedure using 10-30% modified cellulose or modified polyethylene terephthalate 972:1067 Composite films made from CA, Cell/CA, PET/CA, and Cell/PET-CA are produced via solvent-casting procedure using 10-30% modified cellulose or modified polyethylene terephthalate. 28501149 8 51 theme halochromic 1348:1358 arg1 strip 1377:1381 The produced halochromic PET-CA-TCFH test strip 1335:1381 The produced halochromic PET-CA-TCFH test strip 1335:1381 The produced halochromic PET-CA-TCFH test strip provide an instant visible signal from orange to purple upon exposure to alkaline conditions as proved by the coloration measurements. 28501149 7 52 theme produced 1236:1243 arg1 films 1271:1275 the produced cellulose-based composite films 1232:1275 the produced cellulose-based composite films employing the high temperature pressure dyeing procedure 1232:1332 The prepared pH-sensory hydrazone-based disperse dye is then applied to dye the produced cellulose-based composite films employing the high temperature pressure dyeing procedure. 28501149 2 53 theme hydrazone 332:340 arg1 moiety 365:370 a hydrazone recognition functional moiety 330:370 a hydrazone recognition functional moiety 330:370 Novel pH-sensory tricyanofuran-hydrazone (TCFH) disperse colorant containing a hydrazone recognition functional moiety is successfully synthesized via azo-coupling reaction between active methyl-containing tricyanofuran (TCF) heterocycle and diazonium salt of 4-aminobenzaldehyde followed by Knoevenagel condensation with malononitrile. 28501149 9 54 theme naked-eye 1635:1643 arg1 observations 1645:1656 naked-eye observations 1635:1656 naked-eye observations 1635:1656 The sensor strip exhibits high sensitivity and quick detection toward ammonia in both of aqueous and vapor phases by naked-eye observations at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. 28501149 8 55 theme test 1372:1375 arg1 strip 1377:1381 The produced halochromic PET-CA-TCFH test strip 1335:1381 The produced halochromic PET-CA-TCFH test strip 1335:1381 The produced halochromic PET-CA-TCFH test strip provide an instant visible signal from orange to purple upon exposure to alkaline conditions as proved by the coloration measurements. 28501149 6 56 theme composite 1122:1130 arg1 films 1132:1136 these composite films 1116:1136 these composite films 1116:1136 The mechanical properties and morphologies of these composite films are investigated. 28501149 3 57 theme color 655:659 arg1 changes 661:667 reversible color changes 644:667 reversible color changes 644:667 UV-vis absorption spectra display solvatochromism and reversible color changes of the TCFH solution in dimethyl sulfoxide in response to pH variations. 28501149 1 58 theme optical 193:199 arg1 detection 201:209 optical detection 193:209 optical detection of gaseous and aqueous alkaline analytes 193:250 A simple, portable and highly sensitive naked-eye test strip is successfully prepared for optical detection of gaseous and aqueous alkaline analytes. 28501149 8 59 theme instant 1394:1400 arg1 signal 1410:1415 an instant visible signal 1391:1415 an instant visible signal from orange to purple 1391:1437 The produced halochromic PET-CA-TCFH test strip provide an instant visible signal from orange to purple upon exposure to alkaline conditions as proved by the coloration measurements. 28501149 8 60 theme alkaline 1456:1463 arg1 conditions 1465:1474 alkaline conditions 1456:1474 alkaline conditions 1456:1474 The produced halochromic PET-CA-TCFH test strip provide an instant visible signal from orange to purple upon exposure to alkaline conditions as proved by the coloration measurements. 28501149 3 61 theme TCFH 676:679 arg1 solution 681:688 the TCFH solution 672:688 the TCFH solution 672:688 UV-vis absorption spectra display solvatochromism and reversible color changes of the TCFH solution in dimethyl sulfoxide in response to pH variations. 28501149 7 62 theme hydrazone-based 1180:1194 arg1 dye 1205:1207 The prepared pH-sensory hydrazone-based disperse dye 1156:1207 The prepared pH-sensory hydrazone-based disperse dye 1156:1207 The prepared pH-sensory hydrazone-based disperse dye is then applied to dye the produced cellulose-based composite films employing the high temperature pressure dyeing procedure. 28501149 9 63 theme atmospheric 1682:1692 arg1 pressure 1694:1701 atmospheric pressure 1682:1701 atmospheric pressure 1682:1701 The sensor strip exhibits high sensitivity and quick detection toward ammonia in both of aqueous and vapor phases by naked-eye observations at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. 28501149 6 64 theme mechanical 1074:1083 arg1 properties 1085:1094 The mechanical properties 1070:1094 The mechanical properties 1070:1094 The mechanical properties and morphologies of these composite films are investigated. 28501149 7 65 theme disperse 1196:1203 arg1 dye 1205:1207 The prepared pH-sensory hydrazone-based disperse dye 1156:1207 The prepared pH-sensory hydrazone-based disperse dye 1156:1207 The prepared pH-sensory hydrazone-based disperse dye is then applied to dye the produced cellulose-based composite films employing the high temperature pressure dyeing procedure. 28501149 2 66 theme tricyanofuran-hydrazone 270:292 arg1 colorant 310:317 Novel pH-sensory tricyanofuran-hydrazone (TCFH) disperse colorant 253:317 Novel pH-sensory tricyanofuran-hydrazone (TCFH) disperse colorant containing a hydrazone recognition functional moiety 253:370 Novel pH-sensory tricyanofuran-hydrazone (TCFH) disperse colorant containing a hydrazone recognition functional moiety is successfully synthesized via azo-coupling reaction between active methyl-containing tricyanofuran (TCF) heterocycle and diazonium salt of 4-aminobenzaldehyde followed by Knoevenagel condensation with malononitrile. 28501149 8 67 from orange 1422:1427 arg1 signal 1410:1415 an instant visible signal 1391:1415 an instant visible signal from orange to purple 1391:1437 The produced halochromic PET-CA-TCFH test strip provide an instant visible signal from orange to purple upon exposure to alkaline conditions as proved by the coloration measurements. 28501149 0 68 theme alkaline 73:80 arg1 vapors 82:87 alkaline vapors 73:87 alkaline vapors 73:87 Novel cellulose-based halochromic test strips for naked-eye detection of alkaline vapors and analytes. 28501149 2 69 theme Novel 253:257 arg1 colorant 310:317 Novel pH-sensory tricyanofuran-hydrazone (TCFH) disperse colorant 253:317 Novel pH-sensory tricyanofuran-hydrazone (TCFH) disperse colorant containing a hydrazone recognition functional moiety 253:370 Novel pH-sensory tricyanofuran-hydrazone (TCFH) disperse colorant containing a hydrazone recognition functional moiety is successfully synthesized via azo-coupling reaction between active methyl-containing tricyanofuran (TCF) heterocycle and diazonium salt of 4-aminobenzaldehyde followed by Knoevenagel condensation with malononitrile. 28501149 5 70 theme % 1009:1009 arg1 cellulose 1020:1028 10-30% modified cellulose 1004:1028 10-30% modified cellulose 1004:1028 Composite films made from CA, Cell/CA, PET/CA, and Cell/PET-CA are produced via solvent-casting procedure using 10-30% modified cellulose or modified polyethylene terephthalate. 28501149 8 71 theme coloration 1493:1502 arg1 measurements 1504:1515 the coloration measurements 1489:1515 the coloration measurements 1489:1515 The produced halochromic PET-CA-TCFH test strip provide an instant visible signal from orange to purple upon exposure to alkaline conditions as proved by the coloration measurements. 28501149 1 72 theme test 153:156 arg1 strip 158:162 A simple, portable and highly sensitive naked-eye test strip 103:162 A simple, portable and highly sensitive naked-eye test strip 103:162 A simple, portable and highly sensitive naked-eye test strip is successfully prepared for optical detection of gaseous and aqueous alkaline analytes. 28501149 2 73 theme Knoevenagel 545:555 arg1 condensation 557:568 Knoevenagel condensation 545:568 Knoevenagel condensation with malononitrile 545:587 Novel pH-sensory tricyanofuran-hydrazone (TCFH) disperse colorant containing a hydrazone recognition functional moiety is successfully synthesized via azo-coupling reaction between active methyl-containing tricyanofuran (TCF) heterocycle and diazonium salt of 4-aminobenzaldehyde followed by Knoevenagel condensation with malononitrile. 28501149 4 74 theme terephthalate 811:823 arg1 composites 825:834 hydrophobic cellulose/polyethylene terephthalate composites 776:834 hydrophobic cellulose/polyethylene terephthalate composites characterized by their high affinity for disperse dyes 776:889 We investigate the preparation of hydrophobic cellulose/polyethylene terephthalate composites characterized by their high affinity for disperse dyes. 28501149 9 75 from sensitivity 1549:1559 arg1 aqueous 1607:1613 aqueous 1607:1613 aqueous 1607:1613 The sensor strip exhibits high sensitivity and quick detection toward ammonia in both of aqueous and vapor phases by naked-eye observations at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. 28501149 9 75 from sensitivity 1549:1559 arg1 both 1599:1602 both 1599:1602 both 1599:1602 The sensor strip exhibits high sensitivity and quick detection toward ammonia in both of aqueous and vapor phases by naked-eye observations at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. 28501149 9 75 from sensitivity 1549:1559 arg1 vapor 1619:1623 vapor 1619:1623 vapor 1619:1623 The sensor strip exhibits high sensitivity and quick detection toward ammonia in both of aqueous and vapor phases by naked-eye observations at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. 28501149 2 76 theme active 434:439 arg1 heterocycle 479:489 active methyl-containing tricyanofuran (TCF) heterocycle 434:489 active methyl-containing tricyanofuran (TCF) heterocycle 434:489 Novel pH-sensory tricyanofuran-hydrazone (TCFH) disperse colorant containing a hydrazone recognition functional moiety is successfully synthesized via azo-coupling reaction between active methyl-containing tricyanofuran (TCF) heterocycle and diazonium salt of 4-aminobenzaldehyde followed by Knoevenagel condensation with malononitrile. 28501149 0 77 theme cellulose-based 6:20 arg1 test 34:37 Novel cellulose-based halochromic test 0:37 Novel cellulose-based halochromic test 0:37 Novel cellulose-based halochromic test strips for naked-eye detection of alkaline vapors and analytes. 28501149 2 78 theme diazonium 495:503 arg1 salt 505:508 diazonium salt 495:508 diazonium salt 495:508 Novel pH-sensory tricyanofuran-hydrazone (TCFH) disperse colorant containing a hydrazone recognition functional moiety is successfully synthesized via azo-coupling reaction between active methyl-containing tricyanofuran (TCF) heterocycle and diazonium salt of 4-aminobenzaldehyde followed by Knoevenagel condensation with malononitrile. 28501149 4 79 theme disperse 877:884 arg1 dyes 886:889 disperse dyes 877:889 disperse dyes 877:889 We investigate the preparation of hydrophobic cellulose/polyethylene terephthalate composites characterized by their high affinity for disperse dyes. 28501149 2 80 theme azo-coupling 404:415 arg1 reaction 417:424 azo-coupling reaction 404:424 azo-coupling reaction between active methyl-containing tricyanofuran (TCF) heterocycle and diazonium salt of 4-aminobenzaldehyde followed by Knoevenagel condensation with malononitrile 404:587 Novel pH-sensory tricyanofuran-hydrazone (TCFH) disperse colorant containing a hydrazone recognition functional moiety is successfully synthesized via azo-coupling reaction between active methyl-containing tricyanofuran (TCF) heterocycle and diazonium salt of 4-aminobenzaldehyde followed by Knoevenagel condensation with malononitrile. 28501149 9 81 theme high 1544:1547 arg1 sensitivity 1549:1559 high sensitivity 1544:1559 high sensitivity 1544:1559 The sensor strip exhibits high sensitivity and quick detection toward ammonia in both of aqueous and vapor phases by naked-eye observations at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. 28501149 3 82 theme pH 727:728 arg1 variations 730:739 pH variations 727:739 pH variations 727:739 UV-vis absorption spectra display solvatochromism and reversible color changes of the TCFH solution in dimethyl sulfoxide in response to pH variations. 28501149 2 83 theme tricyanofuran 459:471 arg1 heterocycle 479:489 active methyl-containing tricyanofuran (TCF) heterocycle 434:489 active methyl-containing tricyanofuran (TCF) heterocycle 434:489 Novel pH-sensory tricyanofuran-hydrazone (TCFH) disperse colorant containing a hydrazone recognition functional moiety is successfully synthesized via azo-coupling reaction between active methyl-containing tricyanofuran (TCF) heterocycle and diazonium salt of 4-aminobenzaldehyde followed by Knoevenagel condensation with malononitrile. 28501149 7 84 theme pressure 1308:1315 arg1 procedure 1324:1332 the high temperature pressure dyeing procedure 1287:1332 the high temperature pressure dyeing procedure 1287:1332 The prepared pH-sensory hydrazone-based disperse dye is then applied to dye the produced cellulose-based composite films employing the high temperature pressure dyeing procedure. 28501149 2 85 contain containing 319:328 arg1 colorant 310:317 Novel pH-sensory tricyanofuran-hydrazone (TCFH) disperse colorant 253:317 Novel pH-sensory tricyanofuran-hydrazone (TCFH) disperse colorant containing a hydrazone recognition functional moiety 253:370 Novel pH-sensory tricyanofuran-hydrazone (TCFH) disperse colorant containing a hydrazone recognition functional moiety is successfully synthesized via azo-coupling reaction between active methyl-containing tricyanofuran (TCF) heterocycle and diazonium salt of 4-aminobenzaldehyde followed by Knoevenagel condensation with malononitrile. 28501149 2 85 contain containing 319:328 arg2 moiety 365:370 a hydrazone recognition functional moiety 330:370 a hydrazone recognition functional moiety 330:370 Novel pH-sensory tricyanofuran-hydrazone (TCFH) disperse colorant containing a hydrazone recognition functional moiety is successfully synthesized via azo-coupling reaction between active methyl-containing tricyanofuran (TCF) heterocycle and diazonium salt of 4-aminobenzaldehyde followed by Knoevenagel condensation with malononitrile. 28501149 1 86 theme naked-eye 143:151 arg1 test 153:156 A simple, portable and highly sensitive naked-eye test 103:156 A simple, portable and highly sensitive naked-eye test strip 103:162 A simple, portable and highly sensitive naked-eye test strip is successfully prepared for optical detection of gaseous and aqueous alkaline analytes. 28501149 2 87 theme recognition 342:352 arg1 moiety 365:370 a hydrazone recognition functional moiety 330:370 a hydrazone recognition functional moiety 330:370 Novel pH-sensory tricyanofuran-hydrazone (TCFH) disperse colorant containing a hydrazone recognition functional moiety is successfully synthesized via azo-coupling reaction between active methyl-containing tricyanofuran (TCF) heterocycle and diazonium salt of 4-aminobenzaldehyde followed by Knoevenagel condensation with malononitrile. 28501149 1 88 theme aqueous 226:232 arg1 analytes 243:250 gaseous and aqueous alkaline analytes 214:250 gaseous and aqueous alkaline analytes 214:250 A simple, portable and highly sensitive naked-eye test strip is successfully prepared for optical detection of gaseous and aqueous alkaline analytes. 28501149 1 89 theme analytes 243:250 arg1 detection 201:209 optical detection 193:209 optical detection of gaseous and aqueous alkaline analytes 193:250 A simple, portable and highly sensitive naked-eye test strip is successfully prepared for optical detection of gaseous and aqueous alkaline analytes. 25818427 12 0 theme cell 2613:2616 arg1 fates 2618:2622 stem cell fates 2608:2622 stem cell fates 2608:2622 This work suggests the importance of controlling the matrix composition as a strategy to manipulate cell-matrix interactions (through changes in the integrin expression profile and cytoskeleton organization), and hence stem cell fates. 25818427 11 1 theme dominant 2226:2233 arg1 protein 2248:2254 the dominant cytoskeletal protein 2222:2254 the dominant cytoskeletal protein in these cells 2222:2269 In addition, vimentin was the dominant cytoskeletal protein in these cells, and the chondrogenic marker genes were expressed but at a much lower level than in the MSCs encapsulated in C alone. 25818427 11 1 theme dominant 2226:2233 arg1 vimentin 2209:2216 vimentin 2209:2216 vimentin 2209:2216 In addition, vimentin was the dominant cytoskeletal protein in these cells, and the chondrogenic marker genes were expressed but at a much lower level than in the MSCs encapsulated in C alone. 25818427 3 2 from changes 509:515 arg1 composition 533:543 the scaffold composition 520:543 the scaffold composition 520:543 Here, we hypothesize that imposing changes in the scaffold composition or, more specifically, incorporating GAGs into the collagen meshwork, will affect the morphology, cytoskeletal organization and integrin expression profiles, and hence the fate of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) upon the induction of differentiation. 25818427 3 2 from changes 509:515 arg1 specifically 554:565 specifically 554:565 specifically 554:565 Here, we hypothesize that imposing changes in the scaffold composition or, more specifically, incorporating GAGs into the collagen meshwork, will affect the morphology, cytoskeletal organization and integrin expression profiles, and hence the fate of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) upon the induction of differentiation. 25818427 1 3 theme mechanical 249:258 arg1 factors 260:266 soluble, matrix, cell and mechanical factors 223:266 factors 260:266 The stem cell niche, or microenvironment, consists of soluble, matrix, cell and mechanical factors that together determine the cellular fates and/or differentiation patterns of stem cells. 25818427 3 4 theme human 725:729 arg1 MSCs 755:758 MSCs 755:758 MSCs 755:758 Here, we hypothesize that imposing changes in the scaffold composition or, more specifically, incorporating GAGs into the collagen meshwork, will affect the morphology, cytoskeletal organization and integrin expression profiles, and hence the fate of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) upon the induction of differentiation. 25818427 3 4 theme human 725:729 arg1 cells 748:752 human mesenchymal stem cells 725:752 human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 725:759 Here, we hypothesize that imposing changes in the scaffold composition or, more specifically, incorporating GAGs into the collagen meshwork, will affect the morphology, cytoskeletal organization and integrin expression profiles, and hence the fate of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) upon the induction of differentiation. 25818427 9 5 dep spread 1752:1757 arg1 failed 1835:1840 failed 1835:1840 failed to differentiate into chondrogenic lineage cells even on chemical induction 1835:1916 The MSCs did not spread and they had no actin cytoskeleton; did not express integrin α2 or αv; they failed to differentiate into chondrogenic lineage cells even on chemical induction; and there was little colocalization or functional interaction between integrin α5 and fibronectin. 25818427 9 5 dep spread 1752:1757 arg1 express 1803:1809 express 1803:1809 did not express integrin α2 or αv 1795:1827 The MSCs did not spread and they had no actin cytoskeleton; did not express integrin α2 or αv; they failed to differentiate into chondrogenic lineage cells even on chemical induction; and there was little colocalization or functional interaction between integrin α5 and fibronectin. 25818427 12 6 from organization 2583:2594 arg1 profile 2558:2564 the integrin expression profile 2534:2564 the integrin expression profile 2534:2564 This work suggests the importance of controlling the matrix composition as a strategy to manipulate cell-matrix interactions (through changes in the integrin expression profile and cytoskeleton organization), and hence stem cell fates. 25818427 12 7 theme stem 2608:2611 arg1 fates 2618:2622 stem cell fates 2608:2622 stem cell fates 2608:2622 This work suggests the importance of controlling the matrix composition as a strategy to manipulate cell-matrix interactions (through changes in the integrin expression profile and cytoskeleton organization), and hence stem cell fates. 25818427 7 8 theme transcription 1547:1559 arg1 activation 1561:1570 sox9 nuclear localization transcription activation 1521:1570 sox9 nuclear localization transcription activation 1521:1570 In C, MSC chondrogenesis was successfully induced and MSCs that spread in the scaffolds had a clear actin cytoskeleton; they expressed integrin α2β1, α5 and αv; promoted sox9 nuclear localization transcription activation; and upregulated the expression of chondrogenic matrix markers. 25818427 2 9 theme scaffolding 411:421 arg1 materials 423:431 important scaffolding materials 401:431 important scaffolding materials that can mimic the natural matrix niche 401:471 Collagen and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are important scaffolding materials that can mimic the natural matrix niche. 25818427 2 9 theme scaffolding 411:421 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 371:388 glycosaminoglycans 371:388 glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 371:395 Collagen and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are important scaffolding materials that can mimic the natural matrix niche. 25818427 2 9 theme scaffolding 411:421 arg1 Collagen 358:365 Collagen 358:365 Collagen 358:365 Collagen and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are important scaffolding materials that can mimic the natural matrix niche. 25818427 3 10 theme stem 743:746 arg1 MSCs 755:758 MSCs 755:758 MSCs 755:758 Here, we hypothesize that imposing changes in the scaffold composition or, more specifically, incorporating GAGs into the collagen meshwork, will affect the morphology, cytoskeletal organization and integrin expression profiles, and hence the fate of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) upon the induction of differentiation. 25818427 3 10 theme stem 743:746 arg1 cells 748:752 human mesenchymal stem cells 725:752 human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 725:759 Here, we hypothesize that imposing changes in the scaffold composition or, more specifically, incorporating GAGs into the collagen meshwork, will affect the morphology, cytoskeletal organization and integrin expression profiles, and hence the fate of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) upon the induction of differentiation. 25818427 6 11 theme MSCs 1265:1268 arg1 fate 1253:1256 the fate 1249:1256 the fate of the MSCs 1249:1268 We also studied the fate of the MSCs by evaluating the major chondrogenic markers at both the gene and protein level. 25818427 7 12 contain had 1439:1441 arg2 cytoskeleton 1457:1468 a clear actin cytoskeleton 1443:1468 a clear actin cytoskeleton 1443:1468 In C, MSC chondrogenesis was successfully induced and MSCs that spread in the scaffolds had a clear actin cytoskeleton; they expressed integrin α2β1, α5 and αv; promoted sox9 nuclear localization transcription activation; and upregulated the expression of chondrogenic matrix markers. 25818427 7 12 contain had 1439:1441 arg1 MSCs 1405:1408 MSCs 1405:1408 MSCs that spread in the scaffolds 1405:1437 In C, MSC chondrogenesis was successfully induced and MSCs that spread in the scaffolds had a clear actin cytoskeleton; they expressed integrin α2β1, α5 and αv; promoted sox9 nuclear localization transcription activation; and upregulated the expression of chondrogenic matrix markers. 25818427 7 13 theme nuclear 1526:1532 arg1 activation 1561:1570 sox9 nuclear localization transcription activation 1521:1570 sox9 nuclear localization transcription activation 1521:1570 In C, MSC chondrogenesis was successfully induced and MSCs that spread in the scaffolds had a clear actin cytoskeleton; they expressed integrin α2β1, α5 and αv; promoted sox9 nuclear localization transcription activation; and upregulated the expression of chondrogenic matrix markers. 25818427 0 14 theme chondrogenic 139:150 arg1 differentiation 152:166 chondrogenic differentiation 139:166 chondrogenic differentiation 139:166 Scaffold composition affects cytoskeleton organization, cell-matrix interaction and the cellular fate of human mesenchymal stem cells upon chondrogenic differentiation. 25818427 1 15 theme soluble 223:229 arg1 cell 240:243 soluble, matrix, cell and mechanical factors 223:266 cell 240:243 The stem cell niche, or microenvironment, consists of soluble, matrix, cell and mechanical factors that together determine the cellular fates and/or differentiation patterns of stem cells. 25818427 11 16 from level 2341:2345 arg1 MSCs 2359:2362 the MSCs 2355:2362 the MSCs encapsulated in C alone 2355:2386 In addition, vimentin was the dominant cytoskeletal protein in these cells, and the chondrogenic marker genes were expressed but at a much lower level than in the MSCs encapsulated in C alone. 25818427 12 17 theme expression 2547:2556 arg1 profile 2558:2564 the integrin expression profile 2534:2564 the integrin expression profile 2534:2564 This work suggests the importance of controlling the matrix composition as a strategy to manipulate cell-matrix interactions (through changes in the integrin expression profile and cytoskeleton organization), and hence stem cell fates. 25818427 4 18 theme matrix 905:910 arg1 collagen 955:962 aminated collagen 946:962 aminated collagen (AC) 946:967 Using chondrogenesis as an example, we microencapsulated MSCs in three scaffold systems that had varying matrix compositions: collagen alone (C), aminated collagen (AC) and aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG). 25818427 4 18 theme matrix 905:910 arg1 collagen 982:989 aminated collagen 973:989 aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG) 973:1005 Using chondrogenesis as an example, we microencapsulated MSCs in three scaffold systems that had varying matrix compositions: collagen alone (C), aminated collagen (AC) and aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG). 25818427 4 18 theme matrix 905:910 arg1 collagen 926:933 collagen 926:933 collagen alone (C) 926:943 Using chondrogenesis as an example, we microencapsulated MSCs in three scaffold systems that had varying matrix compositions: collagen alone (C), aminated collagen (AC) and aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG). 25818427 4 18 theme matrix 905:910 arg1 compositions 912:923 varying matrix compositions 897:923 varying matrix compositions: collagen alone (C), aminated collagen (AC) and aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG) 897:1005 Using chondrogenesis as an example, we microencapsulated MSCs in three scaffold systems that had varying matrix compositions: collagen alone (C), aminated collagen (AC) and aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG). 25818427 11 19 theme marker 2293:2298 arg1 genes 2300:2304 the chondrogenic marker genes 2276:2304 the chondrogenic marker genes 2276:2304 In addition, vimentin was the dominant cytoskeletal protein in these cells, and the chondrogenic marker genes were expressed but at a much lower level than in the MSCs encapsulated in C alone. 25818427 5 20 theme profile 1224:1230 arg1 viability 1120:1128 cell viability 1115:1128 cell viability 1115:1128 We then induced the MSCs to differentiate toward a chondrogenic lineage, after which, we characterized the cell viability and morphology, as well as the level of cytoskeletal organization and the integrin expression profile. 25818427 5 20 theme profile 1224:1230 arg1 morphology 1134:1143 morphology 1134:1143 morphology 1134:1143 We then induced the MSCs to differentiate toward a chondrogenic lineage, after which, we characterized the cell viability and morphology, as well as the level of cytoskeletal organization and the integrin expression profile. 25818427 5 20 theme profile 1224:1230 arg1 level 1161:1165 the level 1157:1165 the level of cytoskeletal organization and the integrin expression profile 1157:1230 We then induced the MSCs to differentiate toward a chondrogenic lineage, after which, we characterized the cell viability and morphology, as well as the level of cytoskeletal organization and the integrin expression profile. 25818427 9 21 theme lineage 1877:1883 arg1 cells 1885:1889 chondrogenic lineage cells 1864:1889 chondrogenic lineage cells 1864:1889 The MSCs did not spread and they had no actin cytoskeleton; did not express integrin α2 or αv; they failed to differentiate into chondrogenic lineage cells even on chemical induction; and there was little colocalization or functional interaction between integrin α5 and fibronectin. 25818427 12 22 theme integrin 2538:2545 arg1 profile 2558:2564 the integrin expression profile 2534:2564 the integrin expression profile 2534:2564 This work suggests the importance of controlling the matrix composition as a strategy to manipulate cell-matrix interactions (through changes in the integrin expression profile and cytoskeleton organization), and hence stem cell fates. 25818427 0 23 theme cellular 88:95 arg1 fate 97:100 the cellular fate 84:100 the cellular fate of human mesenchymal stem cells upon chondrogenic differentiation 84:166 Scaffold composition affects cytoskeleton organization, cell-matrix interaction and the cellular fate of human mesenchymal stem cells upon chondrogenic differentiation. 25818427 1 24 theme cells 351:355 arg1 fates 305:309 the cellular fates 292:309 the cellular fates 292:309 The stem cell niche, or microenvironment, consists of soluble, matrix, cell and mechanical factors that together determine the cellular fates and/or differentiation patterns of stem cells. 25818427 1 25 theme cell 178:181 arg1 niche 183:187 The stem cell niche 169:187 The stem cell niche 169:187 The stem cell niche, or microenvironment, consists of soluble, matrix, cell and mechanical factors that together determine the cellular fates and/or differentiation patterns of stem cells. 25818427 7 26 theme matrix 1620:1625 arg1 markers 1627:1633 chondrogenic matrix markers 1607:1633 chondrogenic matrix markers 1607:1633 In C, MSC chondrogenesis was successfully induced and MSCs that spread in the scaffolds had a clear actin cytoskeleton; they expressed integrin α2β1, α5 and αv; promoted sox9 nuclear localization transcription activation; and upregulated the expression of chondrogenic matrix markers. 25818427 11 27 theme lower 2335:2339 arg1 level 2341:2345 a much lower level 2328:2345 a much lower level than in the MSCs encapsulated in C alone 2328:2386 In addition, vimentin was the dominant cytoskeletal protein in these cells, and the chondrogenic marker genes were expressed but at a much lower level than in the MSCs encapsulated in C alone. 25818427 9 28 theme chemical 1899:1906 arg1 induction 1908:1916 chemical induction 1899:1916 chemical induction 1899:1916 The MSCs did not spread and they had no actin cytoskeleton; did not express integrin α2 or αv; they failed to differentiate into chondrogenic lineage cells even on chemical induction; and there was little colocalization or functional interaction between integrin α5 and fibronectin. 25818427 5 29 theme integrin 1204:1211 arg1 profile 1224:1230 the integrin expression profile 1200:1230 the integrin expression profile 1200:1230 We then induced the MSCs to differentiate toward a chondrogenic lineage, after which, we characterized the cell viability and morphology, as well as the level of cytoskeletal organization and the integrin expression profile. 25818427 6 30 theme major 1288:1292 arg1 markers 1307:1313 the major chondrogenic markers 1284:1313 the major chondrogenic markers 1284:1313 We also studied the fate of the MSCs by evaluating the major chondrogenic markers at both the gene and protein level. 25818427 4 31 from MSCs 857:860 arg1 systems 880:886 three scaffold systems 865:886 three scaffold systems 865:886 Using chondrogenesis as an example, we microencapsulated MSCs in three scaffold systems that had varying matrix compositions: collagen alone (C), aminated collagen (AC) and aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG). 25818427 2 32 theme important 401:409 arg1 materials 423:431 important scaffolding materials 401:431 important scaffolding materials that can mimic the natural matrix niche 401:471 Collagen and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are important scaffolding materials that can mimic the natural matrix niche. 25818427 2 32 theme important 401:409 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 371:388 glycosaminoglycans 371:388 glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 371:395 Collagen and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are important scaffolding materials that can mimic the natural matrix niche. 25818427 2 32 theme important 401:409 arg1 Collagen 358:365 Collagen 358:365 Collagen 358:365 Collagen and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are important scaffolding materials that can mimic the natural matrix niche. 25818427 0 33 theme mesenchymal 111:121 arg1 cells 128:132 human mesenchymal stem cells 105:132 human mesenchymal stem cells 105:132 Scaffold composition affects cytoskeleton organization, cell-matrix interaction and the cellular fate of human mesenchymal stem cells upon chondrogenic differentiation. 25818427 2 34 theme matrix 460:465 arg1 niche 467:471 the natural matrix niche 448:471 the natural matrix niche 448:471 Collagen and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are important scaffolding materials that can mimic the natural matrix niche. 25818427 10 35 theme strong 2116:2121 arg1 co-localization 2123:2137 strong co-localization 2116:2137 strong co-localization 2116:2137 In ACG, although the MSCs did not express integrin α2, they did express integrin αv and there was strong co-localization and hence functional binding between αv and fibronectin. 25818427 0 36 theme Scaffold 0:7 arg1 composition 9:19 Scaffold composition 0:19 Scaffold composition 0:19 Scaffold composition affects cytoskeleton organization, cell-matrix interaction and the cellular fate of human mesenchymal stem cells upon chondrogenic differentiation. 25818427 5 37 theme cell 1115:1118 arg1 viability 1120:1128 cell viability 1115:1128 cell viability 1115:1128 We then induced the MSCs to differentiate toward a chondrogenic lineage, after which, we characterized the cell viability and morphology, as well as the level of cytoskeletal organization and the integrin expression profile. 25818427 9 38 theme little 1933:1938 arg1 colocalization 1940:1953 little colocalization 1933:1953 little colocalization 1933:1953 The MSCs did not spread and they had no actin cytoskeleton; did not express integrin α2 or αv; they failed to differentiate into chondrogenic lineage cells even on chemical induction; and there was little colocalization or functional interaction between integrin α5 and fibronectin. 25818427 7 39 theme clear 1445:1449 arg1 cytoskeleton 1457:1468 a clear actin cytoskeleton 1443:1468 a clear actin cytoskeleton 1443:1468 In C, MSC chondrogenesis was successfully induced and MSCs that spread in the scaffolds had a clear actin cytoskeleton; they expressed integrin α2β1, α5 and αv; promoted sox9 nuclear localization transcription activation; and upregulated the expression of chondrogenic matrix markers. 25818427 9 40 contain had 1768:1770 arg2 cytoskeleton 1781:1792 no actin cytoskeleton 1772:1792 no actin cytoskeleton 1772:1792 The MSCs did not spread and they had no actin cytoskeleton; did not express integrin α2 or αv; they failed to differentiate into chondrogenic lineage cells even on chemical induction; and there was little colocalization or functional interaction between integrin α5 and fibronectin. 25818427 9 40 contain had 1768:1770 arg1 they 1763:1766 they 1763:1766 they 1763:1766 The MSCs did not spread and they had no actin cytoskeleton; did not express integrin α2 or αv; they failed to differentiate into chondrogenic lineage cells even on chemical induction; and there was little colocalization or functional interaction between integrin α5 and fibronectin. 25818427 6 41 theme protein 1336:1342 arg1 level 1344:1348 both the gene and protein level 1318:1348 level 1344:1348 We also studied the fate of the MSCs by evaluating the major chondrogenic markers at both the gene and protein level. 25818427 0 42 theme cell-matrix 56:66 arg1 interaction 68:78 cell-matrix interaction 56:78 cell-matrix interaction 56:78 Scaffold composition affects cytoskeleton organization, cell-matrix interaction and the cellular fate of human mesenchymal stem cells upon chondrogenic differentiation. 25818427 1 43 theme differentiation 318:332 arg1 patterns 334:341 differentiation patterns 318:341 differentiation patterns 318:341 The stem cell niche, or microenvironment, consists of soluble, matrix, cell and mechanical factors that together determine the cellular fates and/or differentiation patterns of stem cells. 25818427 4 44 with collagen 955:962 arg1 GAGs 996:999 GAGs 996:999 GAGs 996:999 Using chondrogenesis as an example, we microencapsulated MSCs in three scaffold systems that had varying matrix compositions: collagen alone (C), aminated collagen (AC) and aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG). 25818427 9 45 theme integrin 1989:1996 arg1 α5 1998:1999 integrin α5 1989:1999 integrin α5 1989:1999 The MSCs did not spread and they had no actin cytoskeleton; did not express integrin α2 or αv; they failed to differentiate into chondrogenic lineage cells even on chemical induction; and there was little colocalization or functional interaction between integrin α5 and fibronectin. 25818427 3 46 theme integrin 673:680 arg1 profiles 693:700 integrin expression profiles 673:700 integrin expression profiles 673:700 Here, we hypothesize that imposing changes in the scaffold composition or, more specifically, incorporating GAGs into the collagen meshwork, will affect the morphology, cytoskeletal organization and integrin expression profiles, and hence the fate of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) upon the induction of differentiation. 25818427 9 47 theme actin 1775:1779 arg1 cytoskeleton 1781:1792 no actin cytoskeleton 1772:1792 no actin cytoskeleton 1772:1792 The MSCs did not spread and they had no actin cytoskeleton; did not express integrin α2 or αv; they failed to differentiate into chondrogenic lineage cells even on chemical induction; and there was little colocalization or functional interaction between integrin α5 and fibronectin. 25818427 10 48 theme functional 2149:2158 arg1 binding 2160:2166 functional binding 2149:2166 functional binding 2149:2166 In ACG, although the MSCs did not express integrin α2, they did express integrin αv and there was strong co-localization and hence functional binding between αv and fibronectin. 25818427 4 49 theme scaffold 871:878 arg1 systems 880:886 three scaffold systems 865:886 three scaffold systems 865:886 Using chondrogenesis as an example, we microencapsulated MSCs in three scaffold systems that had varying matrix compositions: collagen alone (C), aminated collagen (AC) and aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG). 25818427 3 50 theme mesenchymal 731:741 arg1 MSCs 755:758 MSCs 755:758 MSCs 755:758 Here, we hypothesize that imposing changes in the scaffold composition or, more specifically, incorporating GAGs into the collagen meshwork, will affect the morphology, cytoskeletal organization and integrin expression profiles, and hence the fate of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) upon the induction of differentiation. 25818427 3 50 theme mesenchymal 731:741 arg1 cells 748:752 human mesenchymal stem cells 725:752 human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 725:759 Here, we hypothesize that imposing changes in the scaffold composition or, more specifically, incorporating GAGs into the collagen meshwork, will affect the morphology, cytoskeletal organization and integrin expression profiles, and hence the fate of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) upon the induction of differentiation. 25818427 6 51 theme gene 1327:1330 arg1 level 1344:1348 both the gene and protein level 1318:1348 level 1344:1348 We also studied the fate of the MSCs by evaluating the major chondrogenic markers at both the gene and protein level. 25818427 7 52 theme MSC 1357:1359 arg1 chondrogenesis 1361:1374 MSC chondrogenesis 1357:1374 MSC chondrogenesis 1357:1374 In C, MSC chondrogenesis was successfully induced and MSCs that spread in the scaffolds had a clear actin cytoskeleton; they expressed integrin α2β1, α5 and αv; promoted sox9 nuclear localization transcription activation; and upregulated the expression of chondrogenic matrix markers. 25818427 4 53 with collagen 982:989 arg1 GAGs 996:999 GAGs 996:999 GAGs 996:999 Using chondrogenesis as an example, we microencapsulated MSCs in three scaffold systems that had varying matrix compositions: collagen alone (C), aminated collagen (AC) and aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG). 25818427 9 54 theme integrin 1811:1818 arg1 α2 1820:1821 integrin α2 1811:1821 integrin α2 1811:1821 The MSCs did not spread and they had no actin cytoskeleton; did not express integrin α2 or αv; they failed to differentiate into chondrogenic lineage cells even on chemical induction; and there was little colocalization or functional interaction between integrin α5 and fibronectin. 25818427 7 55 theme localization 1534:1545 arg1 activation 1561:1570 sox9 nuclear localization transcription activation 1521:1570 sox9 nuclear localization transcription activation 1521:1570 In C, MSC chondrogenesis was successfully induced and MSCs that spread in the scaffolds had a clear actin cytoskeleton; they expressed integrin α2β1, α5 and αv; promoted sox9 nuclear localization transcription activation; and upregulated the expression of chondrogenic matrix markers. 25818427 7 56 theme sox9 1521:1524 arg1 activation 1561:1570 sox9 nuclear localization transcription activation 1521:1570 sox9 nuclear localization transcription activation 1521:1570 In C, MSC chondrogenesis was successfully induced and MSCs that spread in the scaffolds had a clear actin cytoskeleton; they expressed integrin α2β1, α5 and αv; promoted sox9 nuclear localization transcription activation; and upregulated the expression of chondrogenic matrix markers. 25818427 3 57 theme cells 748:752 arg1 morphology 631:640 the morphology 627:640 the morphology 627:640 Here, we hypothesize that imposing changes in the scaffold composition or, more specifically, incorporating GAGs into the collagen meshwork, will affect the morphology, cytoskeletal organization and integrin expression profiles, and hence the fate of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) upon the induction of differentiation. 25818427 3 57 theme cells 748:752 arg1 organization 656:667 cytoskeletal organization 643:667 cytoskeletal organization 643:667 Here, we hypothesize that imposing changes in the scaffold composition or, more specifically, incorporating GAGs into the collagen meshwork, will affect the morphology, cytoskeletal organization and integrin expression profiles, and hence the fate of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) upon the induction of differentiation. 25818427 3 57 theme cells 748:752 arg1 fate 717:720 the fate 713:720 the fate of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) upon the induction of differentiation 713:797 Here, we hypothesize that imposing changes in the scaffold composition or, more specifically, incorporating GAGs into the collagen meshwork, will affect the morphology, cytoskeletal organization and integrin expression profiles, and hence the fate of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) upon the induction of differentiation. 25818427 3 57 theme cells 748:752 arg1 profiles 693:700 integrin expression profiles 673:700 integrin expression profiles 673:700 Here, we hypothesize that imposing changes in the scaffold composition or, more specifically, incorporating GAGs into the collagen meshwork, will affect the morphology, cytoskeletal organization and integrin expression profiles, and hence the fate of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) upon the induction of differentiation. 25818427 3 58 theme collagen 596:603 arg1 meshwork 605:612 the collagen meshwork 592:612 the collagen meshwork 592:612 Here, we hypothesize that imposing changes in the scaffold composition or, more specifically, incorporating GAGs into the collagen meshwork, will affect the morphology, cytoskeletal organization and integrin expression profiles, and hence the fate of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) upon the induction of differentiation. 25818427 8 59 theme MSC 1643:1645 arg1 chondrogenesis 1647:1660 MSC chondrogenesis 1643:1660 MSC chondrogenesis 1643:1660 In AC, MSC chondrogenesis was completely inhibited but the scaffold still supported cell survival. 25818427 3 60 dep affect 620:625 arg1 imposing 500:507 imposing 500:507 imposing changes in the scaffold composition or, more specifically, incorporating GAGs into the collagen meshwork 500:612 Here, we hypothesize that imposing changes in the scaffold composition or, more specifically, incorporating GAGs into the collagen meshwork, will affect the morphology, cytoskeletal organization and integrin expression profiles, and hence the fate of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) upon the induction of differentiation. 25818427 12 61 theme cytoskeleton 2570:2581 arg1 organization 2583:2594 cytoskeleton organization 2570:2594 cytoskeleton organization 2570:2594 This work suggests the importance of controlling the matrix composition as a strategy to manipulate cell-matrix interactions (through changes in the integrin expression profile and cytoskeleton organization), and hence stem cell fates. 25818427 7 62 theme chondrogenic 1607:1618 arg1 markers 1627:1633 chondrogenic matrix markers 1607:1633 chondrogenic matrix markers 1607:1633 In C, MSC chondrogenesis was successfully induced and MSCs that spread in the scaffolds had a clear actin cytoskeleton; they expressed integrin α2β1, α5 and αv; promoted sox9 nuclear localization transcription activation; and upregulated the expression of chondrogenic matrix markers. 25818427 10 63 theme integrin 2060:2067 arg1 α2 2069:2070 integrin α2 2060:2070 integrin α2 2060:2070 In ACG, although the MSCs did not express integrin α2, they did express integrin αv and there was strong co-localization and hence functional binding between αv and fibronectin. 25818427 6 64 theme chondrogenic 1294:1305 arg1 markers 1307:1313 the major chondrogenic markers 1284:1313 the major chondrogenic markers 1284:1313 We also studied the fate of the MSCs by evaluating the major chondrogenic markers at both the gene and protein level. 25818427 12 65 from changes 2523:2529 arg1 profile 2558:2564 the integrin expression profile 2534:2564 the integrin expression profile 2534:2564 This work suggests the importance of controlling the matrix composition as a strategy to manipulate cell-matrix interactions (through changes in the integrin expression profile and cytoskeleton organization), and hence stem cell fates. 25818427 11 66 theme chondrogenic 2280:2291 arg1 genes 2300:2304 the chondrogenic marker genes 2276:2304 the chondrogenic marker genes 2276:2304 In addition, vimentin was the dominant cytoskeletal protein in these cells, and the chondrogenic marker genes were expressed but at a much lower level than in the MSCs encapsulated in C alone. 25818427 5 67 theme expression 1213:1222 arg1 profile 1224:1230 the integrin expression profile 1200:1230 the integrin expression profile 1200:1230 We then induced the MSCs to differentiate toward a chondrogenic lineage, after which, we characterized the cell viability and morphology, as well as the level of cytoskeletal organization and the integrin expression profile. 25818427 12 68 theme matrix 2442:2447 arg1 composition 2449:2459 the matrix composition 2438:2459 the matrix composition 2438:2459 This work suggests the importance of controlling the matrix composition as a strategy to manipulate cell-matrix interactions (through changes in the integrin expression profile and cytoskeleton organization), and hence stem cell fates. 25818427 12 68 theme matrix 2442:2447 arg1 strategy 2466:2473 a strategy 2464:2473 a strategy to manipulate cell-matrix interactions (through changes in the integrin expression profile and cytoskeleton organization), and hence stem cell fates 2464:2622 This work suggests the importance of controlling the matrix composition as a strategy to manipulate cell-matrix interactions (through changes in the integrin expression profile and cytoskeleton organization), and hence stem cell fates. 25818427 4 69 theme varying 897:903 arg1 collagen 955:962 aminated collagen 946:962 aminated collagen (AC) 946:967 Using chondrogenesis as an example, we microencapsulated MSCs in three scaffold systems that had varying matrix compositions: collagen alone (C), aminated collagen (AC) and aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG). 25818427 4 69 theme varying 897:903 arg1 collagen 982:989 aminated collagen 973:989 aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG) 973:1005 Using chondrogenesis as an example, we microencapsulated MSCs in three scaffold systems that had varying matrix compositions: collagen alone (C), aminated collagen (AC) and aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG). 25818427 4 69 theme varying 897:903 arg1 collagen 926:933 collagen 926:933 collagen alone (C) 926:943 Using chondrogenesis as an example, we microencapsulated MSCs in three scaffold systems that had varying matrix compositions: collagen alone (C), aminated collagen (AC) and aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG). 25818427 4 69 theme varying 897:903 arg1 compositions 912:923 varying matrix compositions 897:923 varying matrix compositions: collagen alone (C), aminated collagen (AC) and aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG) 897:1005 Using chondrogenesis as an example, we microencapsulated MSCs in three scaffold systems that had varying matrix compositions: collagen alone (C), aminated collagen (AC) and aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG). 25818427 9 70 theme chondrogenic 1864:1875 arg1 cells 1885:1889 chondrogenic lineage cells 1864:1889 chondrogenic lineage cells 1864:1889 The MSCs did not spread and they had no actin cytoskeleton; did not express integrin α2 or αv; they failed to differentiate into chondrogenic lineage cells even on chemical induction; and there was little colocalization or functional interaction between integrin α5 and fibronectin. 25818427 7 71 theme integrin 1486:1493 arg1 α2β1 1495:1498 integrin α2β1 1486:1498 integrin α2β1 1486:1498 In C, MSC chondrogenesis was successfully induced and MSCs that spread in the scaffolds had a clear actin cytoskeleton; they expressed integrin α2β1, α5 and αv; promoted sox9 nuclear localization transcription activation; and upregulated the expression of chondrogenic matrix markers. 25818427 4 72 theme aminated 946:953 arg1 collagen 955:962 aminated collagen 946:962 aminated collagen (AC) 946:967 Using chondrogenesis as an example, we microencapsulated MSCs in three scaffold systems that had varying matrix compositions: collagen alone (C), aminated collagen (AC) and aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG). 25818427 4 72 theme aminated 946:953 arg1 compositions 912:923 varying matrix compositions 897:923 varying matrix compositions: collagen alone (C), aminated collagen (AC) and aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG) 897:1005 Using chondrogenesis as an example, we microencapsulated MSCs in three scaffold systems that had varying matrix compositions: collagen alone (C), aminated collagen (AC) and aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG). 25818427 4 72 theme aminated 946:953 arg1 AC 965:966 AC 965:966 AC 965:966 Using chondrogenesis as an example, we microencapsulated MSCs in three scaffold systems that had varying matrix compositions: collagen alone (C), aminated collagen (AC) and aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG). 25818427 12 73 theme cell-matrix 2489:2499 arg1 interactions 2501:2512 cell-matrix interactions 2489:2512 cell-matrix interactions (through changes in the integrin expression profile and cytoskeleton organization) 2489:2595 This work suggests the importance of controlling the matrix composition as a strategy to manipulate cell-matrix interactions (through changes in the integrin expression profile and cytoskeleton organization), and hence stem cell fates. 25818427 5 74 theme organization 1183:1194 arg1 viability 1120:1128 cell viability 1115:1128 cell viability 1115:1128 We then induced the MSCs to differentiate toward a chondrogenic lineage, after which, we characterized the cell viability and morphology, as well as the level of cytoskeletal organization and the integrin expression profile. 25818427 5 74 theme organization 1183:1194 arg1 morphology 1134:1143 morphology 1134:1143 morphology 1134:1143 We then induced the MSCs to differentiate toward a chondrogenic lineage, after which, we characterized the cell viability and morphology, as well as the level of cytoskeletal organization and the integrin expression profile. 25818427 5 74 theme organization 1183:1194 arg1 level 1161:1165 the level 1157:1165 the level of cytoskeletal organization and the integrin expression profile 1157:1230 We then induced the MSCs to differentiate toward a chondrogenic lineage, after which, we characterized the cell viability and morphology, as well as the level of cytoskeletal organization and the integrin expression profile. 25818427 3 75 theme differentiation 783:797 arg1 induction 770:778 the induction 766:778 the induction of differentiation 766:797 Here, we hypothesize that imposing changes in the scaffold composition or, more specifically, incorporating GAGs into the collagen meshwork, will affect the morphology, cytoskeletal organization and integrin expression profiles, and hence the fate of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) upon the induction of differentiation. 25818427 1 76 theme stem 346:349 arg1 cells 351:355 stem cells 346:355 stem cells 346:355 The stem cell niche, or microenvironment, consists of soluble, matrix, cell and mechanical factors that together determine the cellular fates and/or differentiation patterns of stem cells. 25818427 1 77 theme stem 173:176 arg1 niche 183:187 The stem cell niche 169:187 The stem cell niche 169:187 The stem cell niche, or microenvironment, consists of soluble, matrix, cell and mechanical factors that together determine the cellular fates and/or differentiation patterns of stem cells. 25818427 0 78 theme cells 128:132 arg1 fate 97:100 the cellular fate 84:100 the cellular fate of human mesenchymal stem cells upon chondrogenic differentiation 84:166 Scaffold composition affects cytoskeleton organization, cell-matrix interaction and the cellular fate of human mesenchymal stem cells upon chondrogenic differentiation. 25818427 0 78 theme cells 128:132 arg1 organization 42:53 cytoskeleton organization 29:53 cytoskeleton organization 29:53 Scaffold composition affects cytoskeleton organization, cell-matrix interaction and the cellular fate of human mesenchymal stem cells upon chondrogenic differentiation. 25818427 0 78 theme cells 128:132 arg1 interaction 68:78 cell-matrix interaction 56:78 cell-matrix interaction 56:78 Scaffold composition affects cytoskeleton organization, cell-matrix interaction and the cellular fate of human mesenchymal stem cells upon chondrogenic differentiation. 25818427 0 79 theme human 105:109 arg1 cells 128:132 human mesenchymal stem cells 105:132 human mesenchymal stem cells 105:132 Scaffold composition affects cytoskeleton organization, cell-matrix interaction and the cellular fate of human mesenchymal stem cells upon chondrogenic differentiation. 25818427 8 80 theme cell 1720:1723 arg1 survival 1725:1732 cell survival 1720:1732 cell survival 1720:1732 In AC, MSC chondrogenesis was completely inhibited but the scaffold still supported cell survival. 25818427 11 81 theme cytoskeletal 2235:2246 arg1 protein 2248:2254 the dominant cytoskeletal protein 2222:2254 the dominant cytoskeletal protein in these cells 2222:2269 In addition, vimentin was the dominant cytoskeletal protein in these cells, and the chondrogenic marker genes were expressed but at a much lower level than in the MSCs encapsulated in C alone. 25818427 11 81 theme cytoskeletal 2235:2246 arg1 vimentin 2209:2216 vimentin 2209:2216 vimentin 2209:2216 In addition, vimentin was the dominant cytoskeletal protein in these cells, and the chondrogenic marker genes were expressed but at a much lower level than in the MSCs encapsulated in C alone. 25818427 7 82 theme markers 1627:1633 arg1 expression 1593:1602 the expression 1589:1602 the expression of chondrogenic matrix markers 1589:1633 In C, MSC chondrogenesis was successfully induced and MSCs that spread in the scaffolds had a clear actin cytoskeleton; they expressed integrin α2β1, α5 and αv; promoted sox9 nuclear localization transcription activation; and upregulated the expression of chondrogenic matrix markers. 25818427 10 83 theme integrin 2090:2097 arg1 αv 2099:2100 integrin αv 2090:2100 integrin αv 2090:2100 In ACG, although the MSCs did not express integrin α2, they did express integrin αv and there was strong co-localization and hence functional binding between αv and fibronectin. 25818427 0 84 theme stem 123:126 arg1 cells 128:132 human mesenchymal stem cells 105:132 human mesenchymal stem cells 105:132 Scaffold composition affects cytoskeleton organization, cell-matrix interaction and the cellular fate of human mesenchymal stem cells upon chondrogenic differentiation. 25818427 4 85 with collagen 926:933 arg1 GAGs 996:999 GAGs 996:999 GAGs 996:999 Using chondrogenesis as an example, we microencapsulated MSCs in three scaffold systems that had varying matrix compositions: collagen alone (C), aminated collagen (AC) and aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG). 25818427 5 86 theme chondrogenic 1059:1070 arg1 lineage 1072:1078 a chondrogenic lineage 1057:1078 a chondrogenic lineage 1057:1078 We then induced the MSCs to differentiate toward a chondrogenic lineage, after which, we characterized the cell viability and morphology, as well as the level of cytoskeletal organization and the integrin expression profile. 25818427 4 87 contain had 893:895 arg2 collagen 955:962 aminated collagen 946:962 aminated collagen (AC) 946:967 Using chondrogenesis as an example, we microencapsulated MSCs in three scaffold systems that had varying matrix compositions: collagen alone (C), aminated collagen (AC) and aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG). 25818427 4 87 contain had 893:895 arg1 MSCs 857:860 MSCs 857:860 MSCs in three scaffold systems that had varying matrix compositions: collagen alone (C), aminated collagen (AC) and aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG) 857:1005 Using chondrogenesis as an example, we microencapsulated MSCs in three scaffold systems that had varying matrix compositions: collagen alone (C), aminated collagen (AC) and aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG). 25818427 4 87 contain had 893:895 arg2 collagen 982:989 aminated collagen 973:989 aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG) 973:1005 Using chondrogenesis as an example, we microencapsulated MSCs in three scaffold systems that had varying matrix compositions: collagen alone (C), aminated collagen (AC) and aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG). 25818427 4 87 contain had 893:895 arg2 compositions 912:923 varying matrix compositions 897:923 varying matrix compositions: collagen alone (C), aminated collagen (AC) and aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG) 897:1005 Using chondrogenesis as an example, we microencapsulated MSCs in three scaffold systems that had varying matrix compositions: collagen alone (C), aminated collagen (AC) and aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG). 25818427 4 87 contain had 893:895 arg2 collagen 926:933 collagen 926:933 collagen alone (C) 926:943 Using chondrogenesis as an example, we microencapsulated MSCs in three scaffold systems that had varying matrix compositions: collagen alone (C), aminated collagen (AC) and aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG). 25818427 2 88 theme natural 452:458 arg1 niche 467:471 the natural matrix niche 448:471 the natural matrix niche 448:471 Collagen and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are important scaffolding materials that can mimic the natural matrix niche. 25818427 0 89 theme cytoskeleton 29:40 arg1 organization 42:53 cytoskeleton organization 29:53 cytoskeleton organization 29:53 Scaffold composition affects cytoskeleton organization, cell-matrix interaction and the cellular fate of human mesenchymal stem cells upon chondrogenic differentiation. 25818427 3 90 theme cytoskeletal 643:654 arg1 organization 656:667 cytoskeletal organization 643:667 cytoskeletal organization 643:667 Here, we hypothesize that imposing changes in the scaffold composition or, more specifically, incorporating GAGs into the collagen meshwork, will affect the morphology, cytoskeletal organization and integrin expression profiles, and hence the fate of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) upon the induction of differentiation. 25818427 1 91 theme cellular 296:303 arg1 fates 305:309 the cellular fates 292:309 the cellular fates 292:309 The stem cell niche, or microenvironment, consists of soluble, matrix, cell and mechanical factors that together determine the cellular fates and/or differentiation patterns of stem cells. 25818427 7 92 theme actin 1451:1455 arg1 cytoskeleton 1457:1468 a clear actin cytoskeleton 1443:1468 a clear actin cytoskeleton 1443:1468 In C, MSC chondrogenesis was successfully induced and MSCs that spread in the scaffolds had a clear actin cytoskeleton; they expressed integrin α2β1, α5 and αv; promoted sox9 nuclear localization transcription activation; and upregulated the expression of chondrogenic matrix markers. 25818427 9 93 theme functional 1958:1967 arg1 interaction 1969:1979 functional interaction 1958:1979 functional interaction between integrin α5 and fibronectin 1958:2015 The MSCs did not spread and they had no actin cytoskeleton; did not express integrin α2 or αv; they failed to differentiate into chondrogenic lineage cells even on chemical induction; and there was little colocalization or functional interaction between integrin α5 and fibronectin. 25818427 4 94 dep compositions 912:923 arg1 collagen 982:989 aminated collagen 973:989 aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG) 973:1005 Using chondrogenesis as an example, we microencapsulated MSCs in three scaffold systems that had varying matrix compositions: collagen alone (C), aminated collagen (AC) and aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG). 25818427 4 94 dep compositions 912:923 arg1 collagen 926:933 collagen 926:933 collagen alone (C) 926:943 Using chondrogenesis as an example, we microencapsulated MSCs in three scaffold systems that had varying matrix compositions: collagen alone (C), aminated collagen (AC) and aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG). 25818427 4 94 dep compositions 912:923 arg1 collagen 955:962 aminated collagen 946:962 aminated collagen (AC) 946:967 Using chondrogenesis as an example, we microencapsulated MSCs in three scaffold systems that had varying matrix compositions: collagen alone (C), aminated collagen (AC) and aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG). 25818427 4 94 dep compositions 912:923 arg1 AC 965:966 AC 965:966 AC 965:966 Using chondrogenesis as an example, we microencapsulated MSCs in three scaffold systems that had varying matrix compositions: collagen alone (C), aminated collagen (AC) and aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG). 25818427 4 94 dep compositions 912:923 arg1 C 942:942 C 942:942 C 942:942 Using chondrogenesis as an example, we microencapsulated MSCs in three scaffold systems that had varying matrix compositions: collagen alone (C), aminated collagen (AC) and aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG). 25818427 4 94 dep compositions 912:923 arg1 ACG 1002:1004 ACG 1002:1004 ACG 1002:1004 Using chondrogenesis as an example, we microencapsulated MSCs in three scaffold systems that had varying matrix compositions: collagen alone (C), aminated collagen (AC) and aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG). 25818427 4 94 dep compositions 912:923 arg1 compositions 912:923 varying matrix compositions 897:923 varying matrix compositions: collagen alone (C), aminated collagen (AC) and aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG) 897:1005 Using chondrogenesis as an example, we microencapsulated MSCs in three scaffold systems that had varying matrix compositions: collagen alone (C), aminated collagen (AC) and aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG). 25818427 4 95 theme aminated 973:980 arg1 collagen 982:989 aminated collagen 973:989 aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG) 973:1005 Using chondrogenesis as an example, we microencapsulated MSCs in three scaffold systems that had varying matrix compositions: collagen alone (C), aminated collagen (AC) and aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG). 25818427 4 95 theme aminated 973:980 arg1 compositions 912:923 varying matrix compositions 897:923 varying matrix compositions: collagen alone (C), aminated collagen (AC) and aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG) 897:1005 Using chondrogenesis as an example, we microencapsulated MSCs in three scaffold systems that had varying matrix compositions: collagen alone (C), aminated collagen (AC) and aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG). 25818427 4 95 theme aminated 973:980 arg1 ACG 1002:1004 ACG 1002:1004 ACG 1002:1004 Using chondrogenesis as an example, we microencapsulated MSCs in three scaffold systems that had varying matrix compositions: collagen alone (C), aminated collagen (AC) and aminated collagen with GAGs (ACG). 25818427 3 96 theme expression 682:691 arg1 profiles 693:700 integrin expression profiles 673:700 integrin expression profiles 673:700 Here, we hypothesize that imposing changes in the scaffold composition or, more specifically, incorporating GAGs into the collagen meshwork, will affect the morphology, cytoskeletal organization and integrin expression profiles, and hence the fate of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) upon the induction of differentiation. 25818427 11 97 from protein 2248:2254 arg1 addition 2199:2206 addition 2199:2206 addition 2199:2206 In addition, vimentin was the dominant cytoskeletal protein in these cells, and the chondrogenic marker genes were expressed but at a much lower level than in the MSCs encapsulated in C alone. 25818427 11 97 from protein 2248:2254 arg1 cells 2265:2269 these cells 2259:2269 these cells 2259:2269 In addition, vimentin was the dominant cytoskeletal protein in these cells, and the chondrogenic marker genes were expressed but at a much lower level than in the MSCs encapsulated in C alone. 25818427 1 98 theme matrix 232:237 arg1 factors 260:266 soluble, matrix, cell and mechanical factors 223:266 factors 260:266 The stem cell niche, or microenvironment, consists of soluble, matrix, cell and mechanical factors that together determine the cellular fates and/or differentiation patterns of stem cells. 25818427 1 99 theme cell 240:243 arg1 factors 260:266 soluble, matrix, cell and mechanical factors 223:266 factors 260:266 The stem cell niche, or microenvironment, consists of soluble, matrix, cell and mechanical factors that together determine the cellular fates and/or differentiation patterns of stem cells. 25818427 3 100 theme scaffold 524:531 arg1 composition 533:543 the scaffold composition 520:543 the scaffold composition 520:543 Here, we hypothesize that imposing changes in the scaffold composition or, more specifically, incorporating GAGs into the collagen meshwork, will affect the morphology, cytoskeletal organization and integrin expression profiles, and hence the fate of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) upon the induction of differentiation. 25818427 5 101 theme cytoskeletal 1170:1181 arg1 organization 1183:1194 cytoskeletal organization 1170:1194 cytoskeletal organization 1170:1194 We then induced the MSCs to differentiate toward a chondrogenic lineage, after which, we characterized the cell viability and morphology, as well as the level of cytoskeletal organization and the integrin expression profile. 24867882 8 0 theme new 1102:1104 arg1 material 1116:1123 a new bioactive material 1100:1123 a new bioactive material 1100:1123 The proposed fabrication method results in the preparation of a new bioactive material, which could control the cell signalling response. 24867882 4 1 theme composition 531:541 arg1 gradient 510:517 The gradient 506:517 The gradient of the film composition 506:541 The gradient of the film composition was validated by fluorescence microscopy. 24867882 8 2 theme fabrication 1051:1061 arg1 method 1063:1068 The proposed fabrication method 1038:1068 The proposed fabrication method 1038:1068 The proposed fabrication method results in the preparation of a new bioactive material, which could control the cell signalling response. 24867882 8 3 theme bioactive 1106:1114 arg1 material 1116:1123 a new bioactive material 1100:1123 a new bioactive material 1100:1123 The proposed fabrication method results in the preparation of a new bioactive material, which could control the cell signalling response. 24867882 4 4 theme film 526:529 arg1 composition 531:541 the film composition 522:541 the film composition 522:541 The gradient of the film composition was validated by fluorescence microscopy. 24867882 8 5 theme material 1116:1123 arg1 preparation 1085:1095 the preparation 1081:1095 the preparation of a new bioactive material, which could control the cell signalling response 1081:1173 The proposed fabrication method results in the preparation of a new bioactive material, which could control the cell signalling response. 24867882 5 6 theme cell 620:623 arg1 response 625:632 the cell response 616:632 the cell response induced by the compositional gradient 616:670 In this study, we investigated the cell response induced by the compositional gradient using imaging of early osteoblast attachment and analysis of signalling phosphoprotein expression. 24867882 2 7 theme new 306:308 arg1 evaporation 279:289 combinatorial matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation 236:289 combinatorial matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (C-MAPLE) 236:299 We introduced combinatorial matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (C-MAPLE) as a new method for the fabrication of organic thin films with a compositional gradient. 24867882 2 7 theme new 306:308 arg1 method 310:315 a new method 304:315 a new method for the fabrication of organic thin films with a compositional gradient 304:387 We introduced combinatorial matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (C-MAPLE) as a new method for the fabrication of organic thin films with a compositional gradient. 24867882 5 8 theme early 689:693 arg1 attachment 706:715 early osteoblast attachment 689:715 early osteoblast attachment 689:715 In this study, we investigated the cell response induced by the compositional gradient using imaging of early osteoblast attachment and analysis of signalling phosphoprotein expression. 24867882 7 9 theme different 1016:1024 arg1 propensity 1026:1035 different propensity 1016:1035 different propensity 1016:1035 During this process distinct areas of the binary gradient have been shown to modulate the osteoblasts' extracellular signal-regulated kinase signalling with different propensity. 24867882 7 10 theme gradient 908:915 arg1 areas 888:892 distinct areas 879:892 distinct areas of the binary gradient 879:915 During this process distinct areas of the binary gradient have been shown to modulate the osteoblasts' extracellular signal-regulated kinase signalling with different propensity. 24867882 1 11 theme smart 114:118 arg1 materials 130:138 smart bioactive materials 114:138 smart bioactive materials 114:138 There is increased interest in smart bioactive materials to control tissue regeneration for the engineering of cell instructive scaffolds. 24867882 3 12 theme film 490:493 arg1 structure 495:503 a two-compound biopolymer film structure 464:503 a two-compound biopolymer film structure 464:503 Synchronized C-MAPLE of levan and oxidized levan was employed to assemble a two-compound biopolymer film structure. 24867882 6 13 theme levan 838:842 arg1 concentration 844:856 oxidized levan concentration 829:856 oxidized levan concentration 829:856 Cells attached along the gradient in direct proportion to oxidized levan concentration. 24867882 0 14 theme MAPLE 14:18 arg1 assemblies 39:48 Combinatorial MAPLE gradient thin film assemblies 0:48 Combinatorial MAPLE gradient thin film assemblies signalling to human osteoblasts 0:80 Combinatorial MAPLE gradient thin film assemblies signalling to human osteoblasts. 24867882 5 15 theme compositional 649:661 arg1 gradient 663:670 the compositional gradient 645:670 the compositional gradient 645:670 In this study, we investigated the cell response induced by the compositional gradient using imaging of early osteoblast attachment and analysis of signalling phosphoprotein expression. 24867882 6 16 theme oxidized 829:836 arg1 concentration 844:856 oxidized levan concentration 829:856 oxidized levan concentration 829:856 Cells attached along the gradient in direct proportion to oxidized levan concentration. 24867882 7 17 theme binary 901:906 arg1 gradient 908:915 the binary gradient 897:915 the binary gradient 897:915 During this process distinct areas of the binary gradient have been shown to modulate the osteoblasts' extracellular signal-regulated kinase signalling with different propensity. 24867882 3 18 theme Synchronized 390:401 arg1 C-MAPLE 403:409 Synchronized C-MAPLE 390:409 Synchronized C-MAPLE of levan and oxidized levan 390:437 Synchronized C-MAPLE of levan and oxidized levan was employed to assemble a two-compound biopolymer film structure. 24867882 0 19 theme Combinatorial 0:12 arg1 assemblies 39:48 Combinatorial MAPLE gradient thin film assemblies 0:48 Combinatorial MAPLE gradient thin film assemblies signalling to human osteoblasts 0:80 Combinatorial MAPLE gradient thin film assemblies signalling to human osteoblasts. 24867882 7 20 theme signal-regulated 976:991 arg1 kinase 993:998 the osteoblasts' extracellular signal-regulated kinase 945:998 the osteoblasts' extracellular signal-regulated kinase signalling 945:1009 During this process distinct areas of the binary gradient have been shown to modulate the osteoblasts' extracellular signal-regulated kinase signalling with different propensity. 24867882 1 21 theme increased 92:100 arg1 interest 102:109 increased interest 92:109 increased interest in smart bioactive materials to control tissue regeneration for the engineering of cell instructive scaffolds 92:219 There is increased interest in smart bioactive materials to control tissue regeneration for the engineering of cell instructive scaffolds. 24867882 1 22 theme cell 194:197 arg1 scaffolds 211:219 cell instructive scaffolds 194:219 cell instructive scaffolds 194:219 There is increased interest in smart bioactive materials to control tissue regeneration for the engineering of cell instructive scaffolds. 24867882 0 23 theme thin 29:32 arg1 assemblies 39:48 Combinatorial MAPLE gradient thin film assemblies 0:48 Combinatorial MAPLE gradient thin film assemblies signalling to human osteoblasts 0:80 Combinatorial MAPLE gradient thin film assemblies signalling to human osteoblasts. 24867882 8 24 theme cell 1150:1153 arg1 response 1166:1173 the cell signalling response 1146:1173 the cell signalling response 1146:1173 The proposed fabrication method results in the preparation of a new bioactive material, which could control the cell signalling response. 24867882 7 25 theme kinase 993:998 arg1 signalling 1000:1009 the osteoblasts' extracellular signal-regulated kinase signalling 945:1009 the osteoblasts' extracellular signal-regulated kinase signalling 945:1009 During this process distinct areas of the binary gradient have been shown to modulate the osteoblasts' extracellular signal-regulated kinase signalling with different propensity. 24867882 9 26 theme tissue 1245:1250 arg1 regeneration 1252:1263 tissue regeneration 1245:1263 tissue regeneration 1245:1263 This approach can be extended to screen new bioactive interfaces for tissue regeneration. 24867882 1 27 theme instructive 199:209 arg1 scaffolds 211:219 cell instructive scaffolds 194:219 cell instructive scaffolds 194:219 There is increased interest in smart bioactive materials to control tissue regeneration for the engineering of cell instructive scaffolds. 24867882 0 28 theme gradient 20:27 arg1 assemblies 39:48 Combinatorial MAPLE gradient thin film assemblies 0:48 Combinatorial MAPLE gradient thin film assemblies signalling to human osteoblasts 0:80 Combinatorial MAPLE gradient thin film assemblies signalling to human osteoblasts. 24867882 5 29 theme signalling 733:742 arg1 expression 759:768 signalling phosphoprotein expression 733:768 signalling phosphoprotein expression 733:768 In this study, we investigated the cell response induced by the compositional gradient using imaging of early osteoblast attachment and analysis of signalling phosphoprotein expression. 24867882 1 30 theme scaffolds 211:219 arg1 engineering 179:189 the engineering 175:189 the engineering of cell instructive scaffolds 175:219 There is increased interest in smart bioactive materials to control tissue regeneration for the engineering of cell instructive scaffolds. 24867882 3 31 theme oxidized 424:431 arg1 levan 433:437 oxidized levan 424:437 oxidized levan 424:437 Synchronized C-MAPLE of levan and oxidized levan was employed to assemble a two-compound biopolymer film structure. 24867882 2 32 theme thin 348:351 arg1 films 353:357 organic thin films 340:357 organic thin films with a compositional gradient 340:387 We introduced combinatorial matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (C-MAPLE) as a new method for the fabrication of organic thin films with a compositional gradient. 24867882 5 33 theme phosphoprotein 744:757 arg1 expression 759:768 signalling phosphoprotein expression 733:768 signalling phosphoprotein expression 733:768 In this study, we investigated the cell response induced by the compositional gradient using imaging of early osteoblast attachment and analysis of signalling phosphoprotein expression. 24867882 2 34 theme pulsed 266:271 arg1 evaporation 279:289 combinatorial matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation 236:289 combinatorial matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (C-MAPLE) 236:299 We introduced combinatorial matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (C-MAPLE) as a new method for the fabrication of organic thin films with a compositional gradient. 24867882 2 34 theme pulsed 266:271 arg1 method 310:315 a new method 304:315 a new method for the fabrication of organic thin films with a compositional gradient 304:387 We introduced combinatorial matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (C-MAPLE) as a new method for the fabrication of organic thin films with a compositional gradient. 24867882 2 34 theme pulsed 266:271 arg1 C-MAPLE 292:298 C-MAPLE 292:298 C-MAPLE 292:298 We introduced combinatorial matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (C-MAPLE) as a new method for the fabrication of organic thin films with a compositional gradient. 24867882 7 35 theme distinct 879:886 arg1 areas 888:892 distinct areas 879:892 distinct areas of the binary gradient 879:915 During this process distinct areas of the binary gradient have been shown to modulate the osteoblasts' extracellular signal-regulated kinase signalling with different propensity. 24867882 0 36 theme film 34:37 arg1 assemblies 39:48 Combinatorial MAPLE gradient thin film assemblies 0:48 Combinatorial MAPLE gradient thin film assemblies signalling to human osteoblasts 0:80 Combinatorial MAPLE gradient thin film assemblies signalling to human osteoblasts. 24867882 3 37 theme levan 433:437 arg1 C-MAPLE 403:409 Synchronized C-MAPLE 390:409 Synchronized C-MAPLE of levan and oxidized levan 390:437 Synchronized C-MAPLE of levan and oxidized levan was employed to assemble a two-compound biopolymer film structure. 24867882 2 38 with films 353:357 arg1 gradient 380:387 a compositional gradient 364:387 a compositional gradient 364:387 We introduced combinatorial matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (C-MAPLE) as a new method for the fabrication of organic thin films with a compositional gradient. 24867882 2 39 theme matrix-assisted 250:264 arg1 evaporation 279:289 combinatorial matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation 236:289 combinatorial matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (C-MAPLE) 236:299 We introduced combinatorial matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (C-MAPLE) as a new method for the fabrication of organic thin films with a compositional gradient. 24867882 2 39 theme matrix-assisted 250:264 arg1 method 310:315 a new method 304:315 a new method for the fabrication of organic thin films with a compositional gradient 304:387 We introduced combinatorial matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (C-MAPLE) as a new method for the fabrication of organic thin films with a compositional gradient. 24867882 2 39 theme matrix-assisted 250:264 arg1 C-MAPLE 292:298 C-MAPLE 292:298 C-MAPLE 292:298 We introduced combinatorial matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (C-MAPLE) as a new method for the fabrication of organic thin films with a compositional gradient. 24867882 6 40 theme direct 808:813 arg1 proportion 815:824 direct proportion 808:824 direct proportion to oxidized levan concentration 808:856 Cells attached along the gradient in direct proportion to oxidized levan concentration. 24867882 3 41 theme two-compound 466:477 arg1 structure 495:503 a two-compound biopolymer film structure 464:503 a two-compound biopolymer film structure 464:503 Synchronized C-MAPLE of levan and oxidized levan was employed to assemble a two-compound biopolymer film structure. 24867882 3 42 theme levan 414:418 arg1 C-MAPLE 403:409 Synchronized C-MAPLE 390:409 Synchronized C-MAPLE of levan and oxidized levan 390:437 Synchronized C-MAPLE of levan and oxidized levan was employed to assemble a two-compound biopolymer film structure. 24867882 5 43 theme osteoblast 695:704 arg1 attachment 706:715 early osteoblast attachment 689:715 early osteoblast attachment 689:715 In this study, we investigated the cell response induced by the compositional gradient using imaging of early osteoblast attachment and analysis of signalling phosphoprotein expression. 24867882 2 44 theme combinatorial 236:248 arg1 evaporation 279:289 combinatorial matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation 236:289 combinatorial matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (C-MAPLE) 236:299 We introduced combinatorial matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (C-MAPLE) as a new method for the fabrication of organic thin films with a compositional gradient. 24867882 2 44 theme combinatorial 236:248 arg1 method 310:315 a new method 304:315 a new method for the fabrication of organic thin films with a compositional gradient 304:387 We introduced combinatorial matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (C-MAPLE) as a new method for the fabrication of organic thin films with a compositional gradient. 24867882 2 44 theme combinatorial 236:248 arg1 C-MAPLE 292:298 C-MAPLE 292:298 C-MAPLE 292:298 We introduced combinatorial matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (C-MAPLE) as a new method for the fabrication of organic thin films with a compositional gradient. 24867882 2 45 theme films 353:357 arg1 fabrication 325:335 the fabrication 321:335 the fabrication of organic thin films with a compositional gradient 321:387 We introduced combinatorial matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (C-MAPLE) as a new method for the fabrication of organic thin films with a compositional gradient. 24867882 5 46 theme expression 759:768 arg1 imaging 678:684 imaging 678:684 imaging of early osteoblast attachment 678:715 In this study, we investigated the cell response induced by the compositional gradient using imaging of early osteoblast attachment and analysis of signalling phosphoprotein expression. 24867882 5 46 theme expression 759:768 arg1 analysis 721:728 analysis 721:728 analysis of signalling phosphoprotein expression 721:768 In this study, we investigated the cell response induced by the compositional gradient using imaging of early osteoblast attachment and analysis of signalling phosphoprotein expression. 24867882 4 47 theme fluorescence 560:571 arg1 microscopy 573:582 fluorescence microscopy 560:582 fluorescence microscopy 560:582 The gradient of the film composition was validated by fluorescence microscopy. 24867882 5 48 theme attachment 706:715 arg1 imaging 678:684 imaging 678:684 imaging of early osteoblast attachment 678:715 In this study, we investigated the cell response induced by the compositional gradient using imaging of early osteoblast attachment and analysis of signalling phosphoprotein expression. 24867882 5 48 theme attachment 706:715 arg1 analysis 721:728 analysis 721:728 analysis of signalling phosphoprotein expression 721:768 In this study, we investigated the cell response induced by the compositional gradient using imaging of early osteoblast attachment and analysis of signalling phosphoprotein expression. 24867882 1 49 theme bioactive 120:128 arg1 materials 130:138 smart bioactive materials 114:138 smart bioactive materials 114:138 There is increased interest in smart bioactive materials to control tissue regeneration for the engineering of cell instructive scaffolds. 24867882 1 50 from interest 102:109 arg1 materials 130:138 smart bioactive materials 114:138 smart bioactive materials 114:138 There is increased interest in smart bioactive materials to control tissue regeneration for the engineering of cell instructive scaffolds. 24867882 8 51 theme proposed 1042:1049 arg1 method 1063:1068 The proposed fabrication method 1038:1068 The proposed fabrication method 1038:1068 The proposed fabrication method results in the preparation of a new bioactive material, which could control the cell signalling response. 24867882 2 52 theme organic 340:346 arg1 films 353:357 organic thin films 340:357 organic thin films with a compositional gradient 340:387 We introduced combinatorial matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (C-MAPLE) as a new method for the fabrication of organic thin films with a compositional gradient. 24867882 7 53 theme extracellular 962:974 arg1 kinase 993:998 the osteoblasts' extracellular signal-regulated kinase 945:998 the osteoblasts' extracellular signal-regulated kinase signalling 945:1009 During this process distinct areas of the binary gradient have been shown to modulate the osteoblasts' extracellular signal-regulated kinase signalling with different propensity. 24867882 9 54 theme bioactive 1220:1228 arg1 interfaces 1230:1239 new bioactive interfaces 1216:1239 new bioactive interfaces 1216:1239 This approach can be extended to screen new bioactive interfaces for tissue regeneration. 24867882 9 55 theme new 1216:1218 arg1 interfaces 1230:1239 new bioactive interfaces 1216:1239 new bioactive interfaces 1216:1239 This approach can be extended to screen new bioactive interfaces for tissue regeneration. 24867882 1 56 theme tissue 151:156 arg1 regeneration 158:169 tissue regeneration 151:169 tissue regeneration 151:169 There is increased interest in smart bioactive materials to control tissue regeneration for the engineering of cell instructive scaffolds. 24867882 6 57 from gradient 796:803 arg1 proportion 815:824 direct proportion 808:824 direct proportion to oxidized levan concentration 808:856 Cells attached along the gradient in direct proportion to oxidized levan concentration. 24867882 3 58 theme biopolymer 479:488 arg1 structure 495:503 a two-compound biopolymer film structure 464:503 a two-compound biopolymer film structure 464:503 Synchronized C-MAPLE of levan and oxidized levan was employed to assemble a two-compound biopolymer film structure. 24867882 0 59 theme human 64:68 arg1 osteoblasts 70:80 human osteoblasts 64:80 human osteoblasts 64:80 Combinatorial MAPLE gradient thin film assemblies signalling to human osteoblasts. 24867882 2 60 theme laser 273:277 arg1 evaporation 279:289 combinatorial matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation 236:289 combinatorial matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (C-MAPLE) 236:299 We introduced combinatorial matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (C-MAPLE) as a new method for the fabrication of organic thin films with a compositional gradient. 24867882 2 60 theme laser 273:277 arg1 method 310:315 a new method 304:315 a new method for the fabrication of organic thin films with a compositional gradient 304:387 We introduced combinatorial matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (C-MAPLE) as a new method for the fabrication of organic thin films with a compositional gradient. 24867882 2 60 theme laser 273:277 arg1 C-MAPLE 292:298 C-MAPLE 292:298 C-MAPLE 292:298 We introduced combinatorial matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (C-MAPLE) as a new method for the fabrication of organic thin films with a compositional gradient. 24867882 2 61 theme compositional 366:378 arg1 gradient 380:387 a compositional gradient 364:387 a compositional gradient 364:387 We introduced combinatorial matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (C-MAPLE) as a new method for the fabrication of organic thin films with a compositional gradient. 24867882 8 62 theme signalling 1155:1164 arg1 response 1166:1173 the cell signalling response 1146:1173 the cell signalling response 1146:1173 The proposed fabrication method results in the preparation of a new bioactive material, which could control the cell signalling response. 27066481 10 0 theme greater 1773:1779 arg1 understanding 1781:1793 a greater understanding 1771:1793 a greater understanding to the class of MTCs 1771:1814 We believe that this study and further analyses of these cells will help further elucidate the roles of individual COG subunits and bring a greater understanding to the class of MTCs as a whole. 27066481 10 0 theme greater 1773:1779 arg1 whole 1821:1825 whole 1821:1825 whole 1821:1825 We believe that this study and further analyses of these cells will help further elucidate the roles of individual COG subunits and bring a greater understanding to the class of MTCs as a whole. 27066481 1 1 theme intracellular 247:259 arg1 trafficking 270:280 intracellular membrane trafficking 247:280 intracellular membrane trafficking 247:280 The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi complex is an evolutionarily conserved multisubunit tethering complex (MTC) that is crucial for intracellular membrane trafficking and Golgi homeostasis. 27066481 6 2 theme Cholera 1127:1133 arg1 toxin 1135:1139 Cholera toxin 1127:1139 Cholera toxin 1127:1139 We found that all KO cell lines were uniformly deficient in cis/medial-Golgi glycosylation and each had nearly abolished binding of Cholera toxin. 27066481 5 3 from changes 943:949 arg1 structure 960:968 Golgi structure 954:968 Golgi structure 954:968 These cell lines were characterized for glycosylation and trafficking defects, cell proliferation rates, stability of COG subunits, localization of Golgi markers, changes in Golgi structure, and N-glycan profiling. 27066481 5 4 theme glycosylation 820:832 arg1 defects 850:856 glycosylation and trafficking defects 820:856 defects 850:856 These cell lines were characterized for glycosylation and trafficking defects, cell proliferation rates, stability of COG subunits, localization of Golgi markers, changes in Golgi structure, and N-glycan profiling. 27066481 9 5 theme COG 1563:1565 arg1 function 1575:1582 COG complex function 1563:1582 COG complex function in Golgi trafficking 1563:1603 These results led us to conclude that every subunit is essential for COG complex function in Golgi trafficking, though to varying extents. 27066481 3 6 theme glycosylation 541:553 arg1 type 555:558 glycosylation type II 541:561 glycosylation type II 541:561 Previous studies of COG complex were limited to the use of CDGII (Congenital disorders of glycosylation type II)-COG patient fibroblasts, siRNA mediated knockdowns, or protein relocalization approaches. 27066481 1 7 theme multisubunit 190:201 arg1 complex 213:219 an evolutionarily conserved multisubunit tethering complex 162:219 an evolutionarily conserved multisubunit tethering complex (MTC) that is crucial for intracellular membrane trafficking and Golgi homeostasis 162:302 The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi complex is an evolutionarily conserved multisubunit tethering complex (MTC) that is crucial for intracellular membrane trafficking and Golgi homeostasis. 27066481 1 7 theme multisubunit 190:201 arg1 crucial 235:241 crucial 235:241 crucial 235:241 The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi complex is an evolutionarily conserved multisubunit tethering complex (MTC) that is crucial for intracellular membrane trafficking and Golgi homeostasis. 27066481 1 7 theme multisubunit 190:201 arg1 complex 151:157 The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi complex 120:157 The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi complex 120:157 The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi complex is an evolutionarily conserved multisubunit tethering complex (MTC) that is crucial for intracellular membrane trafficking and Golgi homeostasis. 27066481 1 7 theme multisubunit 190:201 arg1 MTC 222:224 MTC 222:224 MTC 222:224 The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi complex is an evolutionarily conserved multisubunit tethering complex (MTC) that is crucial for intracellular membrane trafficking and Golgi homeostasis. 27066481 5 8 theme subunits 902:909 arg1 stability 885:893 stability 885:893 stability of COG subunits 885:909 These cell lines were characterized for glycosylation and trafficking defects, cell proliferation rates, stability of COG subunits, localization of Golgi markers, changes in Golgi structure, and N-glycan profiling. 27066481 5 8 theme subunits 902:909 arg1 defects 850:856 glycosylation and trafficking defects 820:856 defects 850:856 These cell lines were characterized for glycosylation and trafficking defects, cell proliferation rates, stability of COG subunits, localization of Golgi markers, changes in Golgi structure, and N-glycan profiling. 27066481 5 8 theme subunits 902:909 arg1 profiling 984:992 N-glycan profiling 975:992 N-glycan profiling 975:992 These cell lines were characterized for glycosylation and trafficking defects, cell proliferation rates, stability of COG subunits, localization of Golgi markers, changes in Golgi structure, and N-glycan profiling. 27066481 5 8 theme subunits 902:909 arg1 changes 943:949 changes 943:949 changes in Golgi structure 943:968 These cell lines were characterized for glycosylation and trafficking defects, cell proliferation rates, stability of COG subunits, localization of Golgi markers, changes in Golgi structure, and N-glycan profiling. 27066481 5 8 theme subunits 902:909 arg1 localization 912:923 localization 912:923 localization of Golgi markers 912:940 These cell lines were characterized for glycosylation and trafficking defects, cell proliferation rates, stability of COG subunits, localization of Golgi markers, changes in Golgi structure, and N-glycan profiling. 27066481 5 8 theme subunits 902:909 arg1 rates 878:882 cell proliferation rates 859:882 cell proliferation rates 859:882 These cell lines were characterized for glycosylation and trafficking defects, cell proliferation rates, stability of COG subunits, localization of Golgi markers, changes in Golgi structure, and N-glycan profiling. 27066481 3 9 dep fibroblasts 576:586 arg1 disorders 528:536 Congenital disorders 517:536 Congenital disorders of glycosylation type II 517:561 Previous studies of COG complex were limited to the use of CDGII (Congenital disorders of glycosylation type II)-COG patient fibroblasts, siRNA mediated knockdowns, or protein relocalization approaches. 27066481 9 10 theme Golgi 1587:1591 arg1 trafficking 1593:1603 Golgi trafficking 1587:1603 Golgi trafficking 1587:1603 These results led us to conclude that every subunit is essential for COG complex function in Golgi trafficking, though to varying extents. 27066481 8 11 theme distorted 1383:1391 arg1 structure 1399:1407 a more severely distorted Golgi structure 1367:1407 a more severely distorted Golgi structure 1367:1407 Lobe A and Cog6 subunit KOs displayed a more severely distorted Golgi structure, while Cog2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 knock outs had the most hypo glycosylated form of Lamp2. 27066481 3 12 theme -COG 563:566 arg1 fibroblasts 576:586 CDGII (Congenital disorders of glycosylation type II)-COG patient fibroblasts 510:586 CDGII (Congenital disorders of glycosylation type II)-COG patient fibroblasts 510:586 Previous studies of COG complex were limited to the use of CDGII (Congenital disorders of glycosylation type II)-COG patient fibroblasts, siRNA mediated knockdowns, or protein relocalization approaches. 27066481 10 13 theme further 1664:1670 arg1 analyses 1672:1679 further analyses 1664:1679 further analyses of these cells 1664:1694 We believe that this study and further analyses of these cells will help further elucidate the roles of individual COG subunits and bring a greater understanding to the class of MTCs as a whole. 27066481 4 14 theme CRISPR 685:690 arg1 approach 692:699 the CRISPR approach 681:699 the CRISPR approach 681:699 In this study we have used the CRISPR approach to generate HEK293T knock-out (KO) cell lines missing individual COG subunits. 27066481 3 15 theme siRNA 589:593 arg1 knockdowns 604:613 siRNA mediated knockdowns 589:613 siRNA mediated knockdowns 589:613 Previous studies of COG complex were limited to the use of CDGII (Congenital disorders of glycosylation type II)-COG patient fibroblasts, siRNA mediated knockdowns, or protein relocalization approaches. 27066481 1 16 theme Conserved 124:132 arg1 complex 213:219 an evolutionarily conserved multisubunit tethering complex 162:219 an evolutionarily conserved multisubunit tethering complex (MTC) that is crucial for intracellular membrane trafficking and Golgi homeostasis 162:302 The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi complex is an evolutionarily conserved multisubunit tethering complex (MTC) that is crucial for intracellular membrane trafficking and Golgi homeostasis. 27066481 1 16 theme Conserved 124:132 arg1 crucial 235:241 crucial 235:241 crucial 235:241 The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi complex is an evolutionarily conserved multisubunit tethering complex (MTC) that is crucial for intracellular membrane trafficking and Golgi homeostasis. 27066481 1 16 theme Conserved 124:132 arg1 complex 151:157 The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi complex 120:157 The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi complex 120:157 The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi complex is an evolutionarily conserved multisubunit tethering complex (MTC) that is crucial for intracellular membrane trafficking and Golgi homeostasis. 27066481 7 17 from defects 1177:1183 arg1 morphology 1194:1203 Golgi morphology 1188:1203 Golgi morphology 1188:1203 In addition, all cell lines showed defects in Golgi morphology, retrograde trafficking and sorting, sialylation and fucosylation, but severities varied according to the affected subunit. 27066481 7 17 from defects 1177:1183 arg1 trafficking 1217:1227 retrograde trafficking 1206:1227 retrograde trafficking 1206:1227 In addition, all cell lines showed defects in Golgi morphology, retrograde trafficking and sorting, sialylation and fucosylation, but severities varied according to the affected subunit. 27066481 7 17 from defects 1177:1183 arg1 sorting 1233:1239 sorting 1233:1239 sorting 1233:1239 In addition, all cell lines showed defects in Golgi morphology, retrograde trafficking and sorting, sialylation and fucosylation, but severities varied according to the affected subunit. 27066481 0 18 theme Complete 57:64 arg1 Set 66:68 a Complete Set 55:68 a Complete Set of HEK293T Cells Lacking Individual COG Subunits 55:117 COG Complex Complexities: Detailed Characterization of a Complete Set of HEK293T Cells Lacking Individual COG Subunits. 27066481 0 18 theme Complete 57:64 arg1 Cells 81:85 HEK293T Cells 73:85 HEK293T Cells Lacking Individual COG Subunits 73:117 COG Complex Complexities: Detailed Characterization of a Complete Set of HEK293T Cells Lacking Individual COG Subunits. 27066481 3 19 theme fibroblasts 576:586 arg1 use 503:505 the use 499:505 the use of CDGII (Congenital disorders of glycosylation type II)-COG patient fibroblasts, siRNA mediated knockdowns, or protein relocalization approaches 499:651 Previous studies of COG complex were limited to the use of CDGII (Congenital disorders of glycosylation type II)-COG patient fibroblasts, siRNA mediated knockdowns, or protein relocalization approaches. 27066481 1 20 theme Golgi 145:149 arg1 complex 213:219 an evolutionarily conserved multisubunit tethering complex 162:219 an evolutionarily conserved multisubunit tethering complex (MTC) that is crucial for intracellular membrane trafficking and Golgi homeostasis 162:302 The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi complex is an evolutionarily conserved multisubunit tethering complex (MTC) that is crucial for intracellular membrane trafficking and Golgi homeostasis. 27066481 1 20 theme Golgi 145:149 arg1 crucial 235:241 crucial 235:241 crucial 235:241 The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi complex is an evolutionarily conserved multisubunit tethering complex (MTC) that is crucial for intracellular membrane trafficking and Golgi homeostasis. 27066481 1 20 theme Golgi 145:149 arg1 complex 151:157 The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi complex 120:157 The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi complex 120:157 The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi complex is an evolutionarily conserved multisubunit tethering complex (MTC) that is crucial for intracellular membrane trafficking and Golgi homeostasis. 27066481 8 21 contain had 1448:1450 arg1 outs 1443:1446 Cog2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 knock outs 1416:1446 outs 1443:1446 Lobe A and Cog6 subunit KOs displayed a more severely distorted Golgi structure, while Cog2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 knock outs had the most hypo glycosylated form of Lamp2. 27066481 8 21 contain had 1448:1450 arg2 form 1479:1482 the most hypo glycosylated form 1452:1482 the most hypo glycosylated form of Lamp2 1452:1491 Lobe A and Cog6 subunit KOs displayed a more severely distorted Golgi structure, while Cog2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 knock outs had the most hypo glycosylated form of Lamp2. 27066481 5 22 theme proliferation 864:876 arg1 rates 878:882 cell proliferation rates 859:882 cell proliferation rates 859:882 These cell lines were characterized for glycosylation and trafficking defects, cell proliferation rates, stability of COG subunits, localization of Golgi markers, changes in Golgi structure, and N-glycan profiling. 27066481 0 23 theme Cells 81:85 arg1 Set 66:68 a Complete Set 55:68 a Complete Set of HEK293T Cells Lacking Individual COG Subunits 55:117 COG Complex Complexities: Detailed Characterization of a Complete Set of HEK293T Cells Lacking Individual COG Subunits. 27066481 0 23 theme Cells 81:85 arg1 Cells 81:85 HEK293T Cells 73:85 HEK293T Cells Lacking Individual COG Subunits 73:117 COG Complex Complexities: Detailed Characterization of a Complete Set of HEK293T Cells Lacking Individual COG Subunits. 27066481 5 24 from defects 850:856 arg1 structure 960:968 Golgi structure 954:968 Golgi structure 954:968 These cell lines were characterized for glycosylation and trafficking defects, cell proliferation rates, stability of COG subunits, localization of Golgi markers, changes in Golgi structure, and N-glycan profiling. 27066481 5 25 theme Golgi 928:932 arg1 markers 934:940 Golgi markers 928:940 Golgi markers 928:940 These cell lines were characterized for glycosylation and trafficking defects, cell proliferation rates, stability of COG subunits, localization of Golgi markers, changes in Golgi structure, and N-glycan profiling. 27066481 2 26 theme exact 405:409 arg1 enigma 443:448 an enigma 440:448 an enigma 440:448 The COG complex interacts with core vesicle docking and fusion machinery at the Golgi; however, its exact mechanism of action is still an enigma. 27066481 2 26 theme exact 405:409 arg1 mechanism 411:419 its exact mechanism 401:419 its exact mechanism of action 401:429 The COG complex interacts with core vesicle docking and fusion machinery at the Golgi; however, its exact mechanism of action is still an enigma. 27066481 0 27 theme Individual 95:104 arg1 Subunits 110:117 Individual COG Subunits 95:117 Individual COG Subunits 95:117 COG Complex Complexities: Detailed Characterization of a Complete Set of HEK293T Cells Lacking Individual COG Subunits. 27066481 5 28 from stability 885:893 arg1 structure 960:968 Golgi structure 954:968 Golgi structure 954:968 These cell lines were characterized for glycosylation and trafficking defects, cell proliferation rates, stability of COG subunits, localization of Golgi markers, changes in Golgi structure, and N-glycan profiling. 27066481 6 29 theme cell 1016:1019 arg1 lines 1021:1025 all KO cell lines 1009:1025 all KO cell lines 1009:1025 We found that all KO cell lines were uniformly deficient in cis/medial-Golgi glycosylation and each had nearly abolished binding of Cholera toxin. 27066481 0 30 theme COG 0:2 arg1 Complexities 12:23 COG Complex Complexities 0:23 COG Complex Complexities: Detailed Characterization of a Complete Set of HEK293T Cells Lacking Individual COG Subunits. 0:118 COG Complex Complexities: Detailed Characterization of a Complete Set of HEK293T Cells Lacking Individual COG Subunits. 27066481 5 31 from rates 878:882 arg1 structure 960:968 Golgi structure 954:968 Golgi structure 954:968 These cell lines were characterized for glycosylation and trafficking defects, cell proliferation rates, stability of COG subunits, localization of Golgi markers, changes in Golgi structure, and N-glycan profiling. 27066481 8 32 gly glycosylated 1466:1477 arg1 Lamp2 1487:1491 Lamp2 1487:1491 Lamp2 1487:1491 Lobe A and Cog6 subunit KOs displayed a more severely distorted Golgi structure, while Cog2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 knock outs had the most hypo glycosylated form of Lamp2. 27066481 8 32 gly glycosylated 1466:1477 arg1 form 1479:1482 the most hypo glycosylated form 1452:1482 the most hypo glycosylated form of Lamp2 1452:1491 Lobe A and Cog6 subunit KOs displayed a more severely distorted Golgi structure, while Cog2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 knock outs had the most hypo glycosylated form of Lamp2. 27066481 2 33 theme action 424:429 arg1 enigma 443:448 an enigma 440:448 an enigma 440:448 The COG complex interacts with core vesicle docking and fusion machinery at the Golgi; however, its exact mechanism of action is still an enigma. 27066481 2 33 theme action 424:429 arg1 mechanism 411:419 its exact mechanism 401:419 its exact mechanism of action 401:429 The COG complex interacts with core vesicle docking and fusion machinery at the Golgi; however, its exact mechanism of action is still an enigma. 27066481 4 34 theme HEK293T 713:719 arg1 lines 741:745 HEK293T knock-out (KO) cell lines 713:745 HEK293T knock-out (KO) cell lines missing individual COG subunits 713:777 In this study we have used the CRISPR approach to generate HEK293T knock-out (KO) cell lines missing individual COG subunits. 27066481 7 35 dep showed 1170:1175 arg1 varied 1287:1292 varied 1287:1292 showed defects in Golgi morphology, retrograde trafficking and sorting, sialylation and fucosylation, but severities varied according to the affected subunit 1170:1326 In addition, all cell lines showed defects in Golgi morphology, retrograde trafficking and sorting, sialylation and fucosylation, but severities varied according to the affected subunit. 27066481 8 36 theme Cog6 1340:1343 arg1 KOs 1353:1355 Cog6 subunit KOs 1340:1355 Cog6 subunit KOs 1340:1355 Lobe A and Cog6 subunit KOs displayed a more severely distorted Golgi structure, while Cog2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 knock outs had the most hypo glycosylated form of Lamp2. 27066481 0 37 theme Detailed 26:33 arg1 Characterization 35:50 Detailed Characterization 26:50 COG Complex Complexities: Detailed Characterization of a Complete Set of HEK293T Cells Lacking Individual COG Subunits. 0:118 COG Complex Complexities: Detailed Characterization of a Complete Set of HEK293T Cells Lacking Individual COG Subunits. 27066481 8 38 theme hypo 1461:1464 arg1 form 1479:1482 the most hypo glycosylated form 1452:1482 the most hypo glycosylated form of Lamp2 1452:1491 Lobe A and Cog6 subunit KOs displayed a more severely distorted Golgi structure, while Cog2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 knock outs had the most hypo glycosylated form of Lamp2. 27066481 3 39 theme knockdowns 604:613 arg1 use 503:505 the use 499:505 the use of CDGII (Congenital disorders of glycosylation type II)-COG patient fibroblasts, siRNA mediated knockdowns, or protein relocalization approaches 499:651 Previous studies of COG complex were limited to the use of CDGII (Congenital disorders of glycosylation type II)-COG patient fibroblasts, siRNA mediated knockdowns, or protein relocalization approaches. 27066481 3 40 theme COG 471:473 arg1 complex 475:481 COG complex 471:481 COG complex 471:481 Previous studies of COG complex were limited to the use of CDGII (Congenital disorders of glycosylation type II)-COG patient fibroblasts, siRNA mediated knockdowns, or protein relocalization approaches. 27066481 10 41 theme cells 1690:1694 arg1 study 1654:1658 this study 1649:1658 this study 1649:1658 We believe that this study and further analyses of these cells will help further elucidate the roles of individual COG subunits and bring a greater understanding to the class of MTCs as a whole. 27066481 10 41 theme cells 1690:1694 arg1 analyses 1672:1679 further analyses 1664:1679 further analyses of these cells 1664:1694 We believe that this study and further analyses of these cells will help further elucidate the roles of individual COG subunits and bring a greater understanding to the class of MTCs as a whole. 27066481 10 42 theme subunits 1752:1759 arg1 roles 1728:1732 the roles 1724:1732 the roles of individual COG subunits 1724:1759 We believe that this study and further analyses of these cells will help further elucidate the roles of individual COG subunits and bring a greater understanding to the class of MTCs as a whole. 27066481 2 43 theme core 336:339 arg1 docking 349:355 core vesicle docking 336:355 core vesicle docking 336:355 The COG complex interacts with core vesicle docking and fusion machinery at the Golgi; however, its exact mechanism of action is still an enigma. 27066481 5 44 from localization 912:923 arg1 structure 960:968 Golgi structure 954:968 Golgi structure 954:968 These cell lines were characterized for glycosylation and trafficking defects, cell proliferation rates, stability of COG subunits, localization of Golgi markers, changes in Golgi structure, and N-glycan profiling. 27066481 0 45 dep Complexities 12:23 arg1 Characterization 35:50 Detailed Characterization 26:50 COG Complex Complexities: Detailed Characterization of a Complete Set of HEK293T Cells Lacking Individual COG Subunits. 0:118 COG Complex Complexities: Detailed Characterization of a Complete Set of HEK293T Cells Lacking Individual COG Subunits. 27066481 6 46 theme cis/medial-Golgi 1055:1070 arg1 glycosylation 1072:1084 cis/medial-Golgi glycosylation 1055:1084 cis/medial-Golgi glycosylation 1055:1084 We found that all KO cell lines were uniformly deficient in cis/medial-Golgi glycosylation and each had nearly abolished binding of Cholera toxin. 27066481 8 47 theme Lamp2 1487:1491 arg1 form 1479:1482 the most hypo glycosylated form 1452:1482 the most hypo glycosylated form of Lamp2 1452:1491 Lobe A and Cog6 subunit KOs displayed a more severely distorted Golgi structure, while Cog2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 knock outs had the most hypo glycosylated form of Lamp2. 27066481 3 48 theme relocalization 627:640 arg1 approaches 642:651 protein relocalization approaches 619:651 protein relocalization approaches 619:651 Previous studies of COG complex were limited to the use of CDGII (Congenital disorders of glycosylation type II)-COG patient fibroblasts, siRNA mediated knockdowns, or protein relocalization approaches. 27066481 4 49 theme individual 755:764 arg1 subunits 770:777 individual COG subunits 755:777 individual COG subunits 755:777 In this study we have used the CRISPR approach to generate HEK293T knock-out (KO) cell lines missing individual COG subunits. 27066481 7 50 theme cell 1159:1162 arg1 lines 1164:1168 all cell lines 1155:1168 all cell lines 1155:1168 In addition, all cell lines showed defects in Golgi morphology, retrograde trafficking and sorting, sialylation and fucosylation, but severities varied according to the affected subunit. 27066481 6 51 from deficient 1042:1050 arg1 glycosylation 1072:1084 cis/medial-Golgi glycosylation 1055:1084 cis/medial-Golgi glycosylation 1055:1084 We found that all KO cell lines were uniformly deficient in cis/medial-Golgi glycosylation and each had nearly abolished binding of Cholera toxin. 27066481 2 52 theme fusion 361:366 arg1 machinery 368:376 fusion machinery 361:376 fusion machinery 361:376 The COG complex interacts with core vesicle docking and fusion machinery at the Golgi; however, its exact mechanism of action is still an enigma. 27066481 7 53 theme Golgi 1188:1192 arg1 morphology 1194:1203 Golgi morphology 1188:1203 Golgi morphology 1188:1203 In addition, all cell lines showed defects in Golgi morphology, retrograde trafficking and sorting, sialylation and fucosylation, but severities varied according to the affected subunit. 27066481 3 54 theme CDGII 510:514 arg1 fibroblasts 576:586 CDGII (Congenital disorders of glycosylation type II)-COG patient fibroblasts 510:586 CDGII (Congenital disorders of glycosylation type II)-COG patient fibroblasts 510:586 Previous studies of COG complex were limited to the use of CDGII (Congenital disorders of glycosylation type II)-COG patient fibroblasts, siRNA mediated knockdowns, or protein relocalization approaches. 27066481 1 55 theme membrane 261:268 arg1 trafficking 270:280 intracellular membrane trafficking 247:280 intracellular membrane trafficking 247:280 The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi complex is an evolutionarily conserved multisubunit tethering complex (MTC) that is crucial for intracellular membrane trafficking and Golgi homeostasis. 27066481 6 56 theme toxin 1135:1139 arg1 binding 1116:1122 binding 1116:1122 binding of Cholera toxin 1116:1139 We found that all KO cell lines were uniformly deficient in cis/medial-Golgi glycosylation and each had nearly abolished binding of Cholera toxin. 27066481 1 57 theme conserved 180:188 arg1 complex 213:219 an evolutionarily conserved multisubunit tethering complex 162:219 an evolutionarily conserved multisubunit tethering complex (MTC) that is crucial for intracellular membrane trafficking and Golgi homeostasis 162:302 The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi complex is an evolutionarily conserved multisubunit tethering complex (MTC) that is crucial for intracellular membrane trafficking and Golgi homeostasis. 27066481 1 57 theme conserved 180:188 arg1 crucial 235:241 crucial 235:241 crucial 235:241 The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi complex is an evolutionarily conserved multisubunit tethering complex (MTC) that is crucial for intracellular membrane trafficking and Golgi homeostasis. 27066481 1 57 theme conserved 180:188 arg1 complex 151:157 The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi complex 120:157 The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi complex 120:157 The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi complex is an evolutionarily conserved multisubunit tethering complex (MTC) that is crucial for intracellular membrane trafficking and Golgi homeostasis. 27066481 1 57 theme conserved 180:188 arg1 MTC 222:224 MTC 222:224 MTC 222:224 The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi complex is an evolutionarily conserved multisubunit tethering complex (MTC) that is crucial for intracellular membrane trafficking and Golgi homeostasis. 27066481 9 58 theme complex 1567:1573 arg1 function 1575:1582 COG complex function 1563:1582 COG complex function in Golgi trafficking 1563:1603 These results led us to conclude that every subunit is essential for COG complex function in Golgi trafficking, though to varying extents. 27066481 2 59 theme COG 309:311 arg1 complex 313:319 The COG complex 305:319 The COG complex 305:319 The COG complex interacts with core vesicle docking and fusion machinery at the Golgi; however, its exact mechanism of action is still an enigma. 27066481 5 60 from profiling 984:992 arg1 structure 960:968 Golgi structure 954:968 Golgi structure 954:968 These cell lines were characterized for glycosylation and trafficking defects, cell proliferation rates, stability of COG subunits, localization of Golgi markers, changes in Golgi structure, and N-glycan profiling. 27066481 1 61 theme tethering 203:211 arg1 complex 213:219 an evolutionarily conserved multisubunit tethering complex 162:219 an evolutionarily conserved multisubunit tethering complex (MTC) that is crucial for intracellular membrane trafficking and Golgi homeostasis 162:302 The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi complex is an evolutionarily conserved multisubunit tethering complex (MTC) that is crucial for intracellular membrane trafficking and Golgi homeostasis. 27066481 1 61 theme tethering 203:211 arg1 crucial 235:241 crucial 235:241 crucial 235:241 The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi complex is an evolutionarily conserved multisubunit tethering complex (MTC) that is crucial for intracellular membrane trafficking and Golgi homeostasis. 27066481 1 61 theme tethering 203:211 arg1 complex 151:157 The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi complex 120:157 The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi complex 120:157 The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi complex is an evolutionarily conserved multisubunit tethering complex (MTC) that is crucial for intracellular membrane trafficking and Golgi homeostasis. 27066481 1 61 theme tethering 203:211 arg1 MTC 222:224 MTC 222:224 MTC 222:224 The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi complex is an evolutionarily conserved multisubunit tethering complex (MTC) that is crucial for intracellular membrane trafficking and Golgi homeostasis. 27066481 8 62 theme Golgi 1393:1397 arg1 structure 1399:1407 a more severely distorted Golgi structure 1367:1407 a more severely distorted Golgi structure 1367:1407 Lobe A and Cog6 subunit KOs displayed a more severely distorted Golgi structure, while Cog2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 knock outs had the most hypo glycosylated form of Lamp2. 27066481 2 63 theme vesicle 341:347 arg1 docking 349:355 core vesicle docking 336:355 core vesicle docking 336:355 The COG complex interacts with core vesicle docking and fusion machinery at the Golgi; however, its exact mechanism of action is still an enigma. 27066481 5 64 theme trafficking 838:848 arg1 defects 850:856 glycosylation and trafficking defects 820:856 defects 850:856 These cell lines were characterized for glycosylation and trafficking defects, cell proliferation rates, stability of COG subunits, localization of Golgi markers, changes in Golgi structure, and N-glycan profiling. 27066481 3 65 theme type 555:558 arg1 disorders 528:536 Congenital disorders 517:536 Congenital disorders of glycosylation type II 517:561 Previous studies of COG complex were limited to the use of CDGII (Congenital disorders of glycosylation type II)-COG patient fibroblasts, siRNA mediated knockdowns, or protein relocalization approaches. 27066481 8 66 theme Cog2 1416:1419 arg1 outs 1443:1446 Cog2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 knock outs 1416:1446 outs 1443:1446 Lobe A and Cog6 subunit KOs displayed a more severely distorted Golgi structure, while Cog2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 knock outs had the most hypo glycosylated form of Lamp2. 27066481 3 67 theme Congenital 517:526 arg1 disorders 528:536 Congenital disorders 517:536 Congenital disorders of glycosylation type II 517:561 Previous studies of COG complex were limited to the use of CDGII (Congenital disorders of glycosylation type II)-COG patient fibroblasts, siRNA mediated knockdowns, or protein relocalization approaches. 27066481 9 68 theme varying 1616:1622 arg1 extents 1624:1630 varying extents 1616:1630 varying extents 1616:1630 These results led us to conclude that every subunit is essential for COG complex function in Golgi trafficking, though to varying extents. 27066481 7 69 theme affected 1311:1318 arg1 subunit 1320:1326 the affected subunit 1307:1326 the affected subunit 1307:1326 In addition, all cell lines showed defects in Golgi morphology, retrograde trafficking and sorting, sialylation and fucosylation, but severities varied according to the affected subunit. 27066481 0 70 theme Set 66:68 arg1 Characterization 35:50 Detailed Characterization 26:50 COG Complex Complexities: Detailed Characterization of a Complete Set of HEK293T Cells Lacking Individual COG Subunits. 0:118 COG Complex Complexities: Detailed Characterization of a Complete Set of HEK293T Cells Lacking Individual COG Subunits. 27066481 3 71 theme patient 568:574 arg1 fibroblasts 576:586 CDGII (Congenital disorders of glycosylation type II)-COG patient fibroblasts 510:586 CDGII (Congenital disorders of glycosylation type II)-COG patient fibroblasts 510:586 Previous studies of COG complex were limited to the use of CDGII (Congenital disorders of glycosylation type II)-COG patient fibroblasts, siRNA mediated knockdowns, or protein relocalization approaches. 27066481 5 72 theme cell 786:789 arg1 lines 791:795 These cell lines 780:795 These cell lines 780:795 These cell lines were characterized for glycosylation and trafficking defects, cell proliferation rates, stability of COG subunits, localization of Golgi markers, changes in Golgi structure, and N-glycan profiling. 27066481 1 73 theme Oligomeric 134:143 arg1 complex 213:219 an evolutionarily conserved multisubunit tethering complex 162:219 an evolutionarily conserved multisubunit tethering complex (MTC) that is crucial for intracellular membrane trafficking and Golgi homeostasis 162:302 The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi complex is an evolutionarily conserved multisubunit tethering complex (MTC) that is crucial for intracellular membrane trafficking and Golgi homeostasis. 27066481 1 73 theme Oligomeric 134:143 arg1 crucial 235:241 crucial 235:241 crucial 235:241 The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi complex is an evolutionarily conserved multisubunit tethering complex (MTC) that is crucial for intracellular membrane trafficking and Golgi homeostasis. 27066481 1 73 theme Oligomeric 134:143 arg1 complex 151:157 The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi complex 120:157 The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi complex 120:157 The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi complex is an evolutionarily conserved multisubunit tethering complex (MTC) that is crucial for intracellular membrane trafficking and Golgi homeostasis. 27066481 0 74 theme HEK293T 73:79 arg1 Cells 81:85 HEK293T Cells 73:85 HEK293T Cells Lacking Individual COG Subunits 73:117 COG Complex Complexities: Detailed Characterization of a Complete Set of HEK293T Cells Lacking Individual COG Subunits. 27066481 5 75 theme cell 859:862 arg1 rates 878:882 cell proliferation rates 859:882 cell proliferation rates 859:882 These cell lines were characterized for glycosylation and trafficking defects, cell proliferation rates, stability of COG subunits, localization of Golgi markers, changes in Golgi structure, and N-glycan profiling. 27066481 10 76 theme COG 1748:1750 arg1 subunits 1752:1759 individual COG subunits 1737:1759 individual COG subunits 1737:1759 We believe that this study and further analyses of these cells will help further elucidate the roles of individual COG subunits and bring a greater understanding to the class of MTCs as a whole. 27066481 9 77 from function 1575:1582 arg1 trafficking 1593:1603 Golgi trafficking 1587:1603 Golgi trafficking 1587:1603 These results led us to conclude that every subunit is essential for COG complex function in Golgi trafficking, though to varying extents. 27066481 4 78 theme knock-out 721:729 arg1 lines 741:745 HEK293T knock-out (KO) cell lines 713:745 HEK293T knock-out (KO) cell lines missing individual COG subunits 713:777 In this study we have used the CRISPR approach to generate HEK293T knock-out (KO) cell lines missing individual COG subunits. 27066481 0 79 theme COG 106:108 arg1 Subunits 110:117 Individual COG Subunits 95:117 Individual COG Subunits 95:117 COG Complex Complexities: Detailed Characterization of a Complete Set of HEK293T Cells Lacking Individual COG Subunits. 27066481 4 80 used used 676:679 arg2 we 668:669 we 668:669 we 668:669 In this study we have used the CRISPR approach to generate HEK293T knock-out (KO) cell lines missing individual COG subunits. 27066481 5 81 theme markers 934:940 arg1 stability 885:893 stability 885:893 stability of COG subunits 885:909 These cell lines were characterized for glycosylation and trafficking defects, cell proliferation rates, stability of COG subunits, localization of Golgi markers, changes in Golgi structure, and N-glycan profiling. 27066481 5 81 theme markers 934:940 arg1 defects 850:856 glycosylation and trafficking defects 820:856 defects 850:856 These cell lines were characterized for glycosylation and trafficking defects, cell proliferation rates, stability of COG subunits, localization of Golgi markers, changes in Golgi structure, and N-glycan profiling. 27066481 5 81 theme markers 934:940 arg1 profiling 984:992 N-glycan profiling 975:992 N-glycan profiling 975:992 These cell lines were characterized for glycosylation and trafficking defects, cell proliferation rates, stability of COG subunits, localization of Golgi markers, changes in Golgi structure, and N-glycan profiling. 27066481 5 81 theme markers 934:940 arg1 changes 943:949 changes 943:949 changes in Golgi structure 943:968 These cell lines were characterized for glycosylation and trafficking defects, cell proliferation rates, stability of COG subunits, localization of Golgi markers, changes in Golgi structure, and N-glycan profiling. 27066481 5 81 theme markers 934:940 arg1 localization 912:923 localization 912:923 localization of Golgi markers 912:940 These cell lines were characterized for glycosylation and trafficking defects, cell proliferation rates, stability of COG subunits, localization of Golgi markers, changes in Golgi structure, and N-glycan profiling. 27066481 5 81 theme markers 934:940 arg1 rates 878:882 cell proliferation rates 859:882 cell proliferation rates 859:882 These cell lines were characterized for glycosylation and trafficking defects, cell proliferation rates, stability of COG subunits, localization of Golgi markers, changes in Golgi structure, and N-glycan profiling. 27066481 8 82 theme knock 1437:1441 arg1 outs 1443:1446 Cog2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 knock outs 1416:1446 outs 1443:1446 Lobe A and Cog6 subunit KOs displayed a more severely distorted Golgi structure, while Cog2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 knock outs had the most hypo glycosylated form of Lamp2. 27066481 4 83 theme KO 732:733 arg1 lines 741:745 HEK293T knock-out (KO) cell lines 713:745 HEK293T knock-out (KO) cell lines missing individual COG subunits 713:777 In this study we have used the CRISPR approach to generate HEK293T knock-out (KO) cell lines missing individual COG subunits. 27066481 0 84 theme Complex 4:10 arg1 Complexities 12:23 COG Complex Complexities 0:23 COG Complex Complexities: Detailed Characterization of a Complete Set of HEK293T Cells Lacking Individual COG Subunits. 0:118 COG Complex Complexities: Detailed Characterization of a Complete Set of HEK293T Cells Lacking Individual COG Subunits. 27066481 10 85 theme MTCs 1811:1814 arg1 class 1802:1806 the class 1798:1806 the class of MTCs 1798:1814 We believe that this study and further analyses of these cells will help further elucidate the roles of individual COG subunits and bring a greater understanding to the class of MTCs as a whole. 27066481 5 86 theme COG 898:900 arg1 subunits 902:909 COG subunits 898:909 COG subunits 898:909 These cell lines were characterized for glycosylation and trafficking defects, cell proliferation rates, stability of COG subunits, localization of Golgi markers, changes in Golgi structure, and N-glycan profiling. 27066481 6 87 theme KO 1013:1014 arg1 lines 1021:1025 all KO cell lines 1009:1025 all KO cell lines 1009:1025 We found that all KO cell lines were uniformly deficient in cis/medial-Golgi glycosylation and each had nearly abolished binding of Cholera toxin. 27066481 10 88 theme individual 1737:1746 arg1 subunits 1752:1759 individual COG subunits 1737:1759 individual COG subunits 1737:1759 We believe that this study and further analyses of these cells will help further elucidate the roles of individual COG subunits and bring a greater understanding to the class of MTCs as a whole. 27066481 7 89 gly showed 1170:1175 arg1 addition 1145:1152 addition 1145:1152 addition 1145:1152 In addition, all cell lines showed defects in Golgi morphology, retrograde trafficking and sorting, sialylation and fucosylation, but severities varied according to the affected subunit. 27066481 1 90 theme Golgi 286:290 arg1 homeostasis 292:302 Golgi homeostasis 286:302 Golgi homeostasis 286:302 The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi complex is an evolutionarily conserved multisubunit tethering complex (MTC) that is crucial for intracellular membrane trafficking and Golgi homeostasis. 27066481 8 91 theme Lobe 1329:1332 arg1 A 1334:1334 Lobe A 1329:1334 Lobe A 1329:1334 Lobe A and Cog6 subunit KOs displayed a more severely distorted Golgi structure, while Cog2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 knock outs had the most hypo glycosylated form of Lamp2. 27066481 3 92 theme Previous 451:458 arg1 studies 460:466 Previous studies 451:466 Previous studies of COG complex 451:481 Previous studies of COG complex were limited to the use of CDGII (Congenital disorders of glycosylation type II)-COG patient fibroblasts, siRNA mediated knockdowns, or protein relocalization approaches. 27066481 8 93 theme glycosylated 1466:1477 arg1 form 1479:1482 the most hypo glycosylated form 1452:1482 the most hypo glycosylated form of Lamp2 1452:1491 Lobe A and Cog6 subunit KOs displayed a more severely distorted Golgi structure, while Cog2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 knock outs had the most hypo glycosylated form of Lamp2. 27066481 3 94 theme mediated 595:602 arg1 knockdowns 604:613 siRNA mediated knockdowns 589:613 siRNA mediated knockdowns 589:613 Previous studies of COG complex were limited to the use of CDGII (Congenital disorders of glycosylation type II)-COG patient fibroblasts, siRNA mediated knockdowns, or protein relocalization approaches. 27066481 4 95 theme COG 766:768 arg1 subunits 770:777 individual COG subunits 755:777 individual COG subunits 755:777 In this study we have used the CRISPR approach to generate HEK293T knock-out (KO) cell lines missing individual COG subunits. 27066481 6 96 from glycosylation 1072:1084 arg1 deficient 1042:1050 deficient 1042:1050 deficient 1042:1050 We found that all KO cell lines were uniformly deficient in cis/medial-Golgi glycosylation and each had nearly abolished binding of Cholera toxin. 27066481 5 97 theme N-glycan 975:982 arg1 profiling 984:992 N-glycan profiling 975:992 N-glycan profiling 975:992 These cell lines were characterized for glycosylation and trafficking defects, cell proliferation rates, stability of COG subunits, localization of Golgi markers, changes in Golgi structure, and N-glycan profiling. 27066481 3 98 theme approaches 642:651 arg1 use 503:505 the use 499:505 the use of CDGII (Congenital disorders of glycosylation type II)-COG patient fibroblasts, siRNA mediated knockdowns, or protein relocalization approaches 499:651 Previous studies of COG complex were limited to the use of CDGII (Congenital disorders of glycosylation type II)-COG patient fibroblasts, siRNA mediated knockdowns, or protein relocalization approaches. 27066481 8 99 theme subunit 1345:1351 arg1 KOs 1353:1355 Cog6 subunit KOs 1340:1355 Cog6 subunit KOs 1340:1355 Lobe A and Cog6 subunit KOs displayed a more severely distorted Golgi structure, while Cog2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 knock outs had the most hypo glycosylated form of Lamp2. 27066481 3 100 theme complex 475:481 arg1 studies 460:466 Previous studies 451:466 Previous studies of COG complex 451:481 Previous studies of COG complex were limited to the use of CDGII (Congenital disorders of glycosylation type II)-COG patient fibroblasts, siRNA mediated knockdowns, or protein relocalization approaches. 27066481 7 101 theme retrograde 1206:1215 arg1 trafficking 1217:1227 retrograde trafficking 1206:1227 retrograde trafficking 1206:1227 In addition, all cell lines showed defects in Golgi morphology, retrograde trafficking and sorting, sialylation and fucosylation, but severities varied according to the affected subunit. 27066481 3 102 theme protein 619:625 arg1 approaches 642:651 protein relocalization approaches 619:651 protein relocalization approaches 619:651 Previous studies of COG complex were limited to the use of CDGII (Congenital disorders of glycosylation type II)-COG patient fibroblasts, siRNA mediated knockdowns, or protein relocalization approaches. 27066481 4 103 theme cell 736:739 arg1 lines 741:745 HEK293T knock-out (KO) cell lines 713:745 HEK293T knock-out (KO) cell lines missing individual COG subunits 713:777 In this study we have used the CRISPR approach to generate HEK293T knock-out (KO) cell lines missing individual COG subunits. 27066481 5 104 theme Golgi 954:958 arg1 structure 960:968 Golgi structure 954:968 Golgi structure 954:968 These cell lines were characterized for glycosylation and trafficking defects, cell proliferation rates, stability of COG subunits, localization of Golgi markers, changes in Golgi structure, and N-glycan profiling. 25384188 6 0 theme latex 1102:1106 arg1 method 1122:1127 latex cocoagulation method 1102:1127 latex cocoagulation method 1102:1127 The combination of the biotemplate synthesis of PANI and latex cocoagulation method significantly enhanced the electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of the NR-based nanocomposites simultaneously. 25384188 2 1 theme effective 383:391 arg1 strategy 393:400 a facile and effective strategy 370:400 a facile and effective strategy to prepare polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers (PANI@CNs)/natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure 370:534 In this work, we report a facile and effective strategy to prepare polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers (PANI@CNs)/natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure. 25384188 7 2 theme vol 1516:1518 arg1 % 1520:1520 8.0 to 3.6 vol % 1505:1520 8.0 to 3.6 vol % 1505:1520 The electrical conductivity of PANI@CNs/NR nanocomposites containing 5 phr PANI showed 11 orders of magnitude higher than that of the PANI/NR composites at the same loading fraction,; meanwhile, the percolation threshold was drastically decreased from 8.0 to 3.6 vol %. 25384188 6 3 theme nanocomposites 1222:1235 arg1 conductivity 1167:1178 the electrical conductivity 1152:1178 the electrical conductivity 1152:1178 The combination of the biotemplate synthesis of PANI and latex cocoagulation method significantly enhanced the electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of the NR-based nanocomposites simultaneously. 25384188 6 3 theme nanocomposites 1222:1235 arg1 properties 1195:1204 mechanical properties 1184:1204 mechanical properties 1184:1204 The combination of the biotemplate synthesis of PANI and latex cocoagulation method significantly enhanced the electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of the NR-based nanocomposites simultaneously. 25384188 7 4 theme CNs/NR 1289:1294 arg1 nanocomposites 1296:1309 PANI@CNs/NR nanocomposites 1284:1309 PANI@CNs/NR nanocomposites containing 5 phr PANI 1284:1331 The electrical conductivity of PANI@CNs/NR nanocomposites containing 5 phr PANI showed 11 orders of magnitude higher than that of the PANI/NR composites at the same loading fraction,; meanwhile, the percolation threshold was drastically decreased from 8.0 to 3.6 vol %. 25384188 7 5 theme percolation 1452:1462 arg1 threshold 1464:1472 the percolation threshold 1448:1472 the percolation threshold 1448:1472 The electrical conductivity of PANI@CNs/NR nanocomposites containing 5 phr PANI showed 11 orders of magnitude higher than that of the PANI/NR composites at the same loading fraction,; meanwhile, the percolation threshold was drastically decreased from 8.0 to 3.6 vol %. 25384188 7 5 theme percolation 1452:1462 arg1 meanwhile 1437:1445 meanwhile 1437:1445 meanwhile 1437:1445 The electrical conductivity of PANI@CNs/NR nanocomposites containing 5 phr PANI showed 11 orders of magnitude higher than that of the PANI/NR composites at the same loading fraction,; meanwhile, the percolation threshold was drastically decreased from 8.0 to 3.6 vol %. 25384188 5 6 theme PANI 863:866 arg1 CNs 868:870 PANI@CNs 863:870 PANI@CNs 863:870 During cocoagulation process, PANI@CNs nanohybrids selectively located in the interstitial space between NR microspheres and organized into a 3D hierarchical multiscale conductive network structure in NR matrix. 25384188 7 7 dep 3.6 1512:1514 arg1 to 1509:1510 to 1509:1510 to 1509:1510 The electrical conductivity of PANI@CNs/NR nanocomposites containing 5 phr PANI showed 11 orders of magnitude higher than that of the PANI/NR composites at the same loading fraction,; meanwhile, the percolation threshold was drastically decreased from 8.0 to 3.6 vol %. 25384188 1 8 theme conductive 229:238 arg1 composites 248:257 conductive polymer composites 229:257 conductive polymer composites with low percolation thresholds and high mechanical properties 229:320 Development of novel and versatile strategies to construct conductive polymer composites with low percolation thresholds and high mechanical properties is of great importance. 25384188 0 9 theme electrical 145:154 arg1 conductivity 156:167 improved electrical conductivity 136:167 improved electrical conductivity 136:167 Biotemplate synthesis of polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers/natural rubber nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure and improved electrical conductivity. 25384188 1 10 theme low 264:266 arg1 thresholds 280:289 low percolation thresholds 264:289 low percolation thresholds 264:289 Development of novel and versatile strategies to construct conductive polymer composites with low percolation thresholds and high mechanical properties is of great importance. 25384188 7 11 theme same 1413:1416 arg1 fraction 1426:1433 the same loading fraction 1409:1433 the same loading fraction 1409:1433 The electrical conductivity of PANI@CNs/NR nanocomposites containing 5 phr PANI showed 11 orders of magnitude higher than that of the PANI/NR composites at the same loading fraction,; meanwhile, the percolation threshold was drastically decreased from 8.0 to 3.6 vol %. 25384188 3 12 theme biotemplate 602:612 arg1 surface 587:593 the surface 583:593 the surface of CNs biotemplate 583:612 Specifically, PANI was synthesized in situ on the surface of CNs biotemplate to form PANI@CNs nanohybrids with high aspect ratio and good dispersity. 25384188 5 13 theme interstitial 911:922 arg1 space 924:928 the interstitial space 907:928 the interstitial space between NR microspheres 907:952 During cocoagulation process, PANI@CNs nanohybrids selectively located in the interstitial space between NR microspheres and organized into a 3D hierarchical multiscale conductive network structure in NR matrix. 25384188 4 14 theme @ 725:725 arg1 suspension 742:751 PANI@CNs nanohybrids suspension 721:751 PANI@CNs nanohybrids suspension 721:751 Then NR latex was introduced into PANI@CNs nanohybrids suspension to enable the self-assembly of PANI@CNs nanohybrids onto NR latex microspheres. 25384188 7 15 theme PANI/NR 1387:1393 arg1 composites 1395:1404 the PANI/NR composites 1383:1404 the PANI/NR composites 1383:1404 The electrical conductivity of PANI@CNs/NR nanocomposites containing 5 phr PANI showed 11 orders of magnitude higher than that of the PANI/NR composites at the same loading fraction,; meanwhile, the percolation threshold was drastically decreased from 8.0 to 3.6 vol %. 25384188 4 16 theme NR 692:693 arg1 latex 695:699 NR latex 692:699 NR latex 692:699 Then NR latex was introduced into PANI@CNs nanohybrids suspension to enable the self-assembly of PANI@CNs nanohybrids onto NR latex microspheres. 25384188 0 17 theme nanocomposites 75:88 arg1 synthesis 12:20 Biotemplate synthesis 0:20 Biotemplate synthesis of polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers/natural rubber nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure and improved electrical conductivity. 0:168 Biotemplate synthesis of polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers/natural rubber nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure and improved electrical conductivity. 25384188 3 18 theme @ 626:626 arg1 nanohybrids 631:641 PANI@CNs nanohybrids 622:641 PANI@CNs nanohybrids 622:641 Specifically, PANI was synthesized in situ on the surface of CNs biotemplate to form PANI@CNs nanohybrids with high aspect ratio and good dispersity. 25384188 1 19 theme novel 185:189 arg1 strategies 205:214 novel and versatile strategies 185:214 novel and versatile strategies 185:214 Development of novel and versatile strategies to construct conductive polymer composites with low percolation thresholds and high mechanical properties is of great importance. 25384188 2 20 theme hierarchical 502:513 arg1 structure 526:534 3D hierarchical multiscale structure 499:534 3D hierarchical multiscale structure 499:534 In this work, we report a facile and effective strategy to prepare polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers (PANI@CNs)/natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure. 25384188 0 21 theme 3D 95:96 arg1 structure 122:130 3D hierarchical multiscale structure 95:130 3D hierarchical multiscale structure 95:130 Biotemplate synthesis of polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers/natural rubber nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure and improved electrical conductivity. 25384188 5 22 from located 896:902 arg1 space 924:928 the interstitial space 907:928 the interstitial space between NR microspheres 907:952 During cocoagulation process, PANI@CNs nanohybrids selectively located in the interstitial space between NR microspheres and organized into a 3D hierarchical multiscale conductive network structure in NR matrix. 25384188 1 23 theme versatile 195:203 arg1 strategies 205:214 novel and versatile strategies 185:214 novel and versatile strategies 185:214 Development of novel and versatile strategies to construct conductive polymer composites with low percolation thresholds and high mechanical properties is of great importance. 25384188 0 24 theme multiscale 111:120 arg1 structure 122:130 3D hierarchical multiscale structure 95:130 3D hierarchical multiscale structure 95:130 Biotemplate synthesis of polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers/natural rubber nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure and improved electrical conductivity. 25384188 2 25 theme nanowhiskers 435:446 arg1 nanocomposites 479:492 polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers (PANI@CNs)/natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites 413:492 polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers (PANI@CNs)/natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure 413:534 In this work, we report a facile and effective strategy to prepare polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers (PANI@CNs)/natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure. 25384188 5 26 from space 924:928 arg1 located 896:902 located 896:902 located 896:902 During cocoagulation process, PANI@CNs nanohybrids selectively located in the interstitial space between NR microspheres and organized into a 3D hierarchical multiscale conductive network structure in NR matrix. 25384188 5 27 theme hierarchical 978:989 arg1 structure 1021:1029 a 3D hierarchical multiscale conductive network structure 973:1029 a 3D hierarchical multiscale conductive network structure in NR matrix 973:1042 During cocoagulation process, PANI@CNs nanohybrids selectively located in the interstitial space between NR microspheres and organized into a 3D hierarchical multiscale conductive network structure in NR matrix. 25384188 4 28 theme nanohybrids 730:740 arg1 suspension 742:751 PANI@CNs nanohybrids suspension 721:751 PANI@CNs nanohybrids suspension 721:751 Then NR latex was introduced into PANI@CNs nanohybrids suspension to enable the self-assembly of PANI@CNs nanohybrids onto NR latex microspheres. 25384188 2 29 theme @ 424:424 arg1 nanowhiskers 435:446 polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers 413:446 polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers (PANI@CNs)/natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure 413:534 In this work, we report a facile and effective strategy to prepare polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers (PANI@CNs)/natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure. 25384188 2 29 theme @ 424:424 arg1 CNs 454:456 PANI@CNs 449:456 PANI@CNs 449:456 In this work, we report a facile and effective strategy to prepare polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers (PANI@CNs)/natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure. 25384188 0 30 theme Biotemplate 0:10 arg1 synthesis 12:20 Biotemplate synthesis 0:20 Biotemplate synthesis of polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers/natural rubber nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure and improved electrical conductivity. 0:168 Biotemplate synthesis of polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers/natural rubber nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure and improved electrical conductivity. 25384188 1 31 theme great 328:332 arg1 importance 334:343 great importance 328:343 great importance 328:343 Development of novel and versatile strategies to construct conductive polymer composites with low percolation thresholds and high mechanical properties is of great importance. 25384188 6 32 theme biotemplate 1068:1078 arg1 synthesis 1080:1088 the biotemplate synthesis 1064:1088 the biotemplate synthesis of PANI and latex cocoagulation method 1064:1127 The combination of the biotemplate synthesis of PANI and latex cocoagulation method significantly enhanced the electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of the NR-based nanocomposites simultaneously. 25384188 2 33 theme /natural 458:465 arg1 nanocomposites 479:492 polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers (PANI@CNs)/natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites 413:492 polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers (PANI@CNs)/natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure 413:534 In this work, we report a facile and effective strategy to prepare polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers (PANI@CNs)/natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure. 25384188 7 34 from fraction 1426:1433 arg1 composites 1395:1404 the PANI/NR composites 1383:1404 the PANI/NR composites 1383:1404 The electrical conductivity of PANI@CNs/NR nanocomposites containing 5 phr PANI showed 11 orders of magnitude higher than that of the PANI/NR composites at the same loading fraction,; meanwhile, the percolation threshold was drastically decreased from 8.0 to 3.6 vol %. 25384188 7 35 theme higher 1363:1368 arg1 orders 1343:1348 11 orders 1340:1348 11 orders of magnitude higher than that of the PANI/NR composites at the same loading fraction, 1340:1434 The electrical conductivity of PANI@CNs/NR nanocomposites containing 5 phr PANI showed 11 orders of magnitude higher than that of the PANI/NR composites at the same loading fraction,; meanwhile, the percolation threshold was drastically decreased from 8.0 to 3.6 vol %. 25384188 4 36 theme NR 810:811 arg1 microspheres 819:830 NR latex microspheres 810:830 NR latex microspheres 810:830 Then NR latex was introduced into PANI@CNs nanohybrids suspension to enable the self-assembly of PANI@CNs nanohybrids onto NR latex microspheres. 25384188 2 37 theme PANI 449:452 arg1 nanowhiskers 435:446 polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers 413:446 polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers (PANI@CNs)/natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure 413:534 In this work, we report a facile and effective strategy to prepare polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers (PANI@CNs)/natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure. 25384188 2 37 theme PANI 449:452 arg1 CNs 454:456 PANI@CNs 449:456 PANI@CNs 449:456 In this work, we report a facile and effective strategy to prepare polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers (PANI@CNs)/natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure. 25384188 0 38 theme @ 36:36 arg1 nanocomposites 75:88 polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers/natural rubber nanocomposites 25:88 polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers/natural rubber nanocomposites 25:88 Biotemplate synthesis of polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers/natural rubber nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure and improved electrical conductivity. 25384188 1 39 with composites 248:257 arg1 properties 311:320 high mechanical properties 295:320 high mechanical properties 295:320 Development of novel and versatile strategies to construct conductive polymer composites with low percolation thresholds and high mechanical properties is of great importance. 25384188 1 39 with composites 248:257 arg1 thresholds 280:289 low percolation thresholds 264:289 low percolation thresholds 264:289 Development of novel and versatile strategies to construct conductive polymer composites with low percolation thresholds and high mechanical properties is of great importance. 25384188 5 40 theme NR 1034:1035 arg1 matrix 1037:1042 NR matrix 1034:1042 NR matrix 1034:1042 During cocoagulation process, PANI@CNs nanohybrids selectively located in the interstitial space between NR microspheres and organized into a 3D hierarchical multiscale conductive network structure in NR matrix. 25384188 3 41 theme high 648:651 arg1 ratio 660:664 high aspect ratio 648:664 high aspect ratio 648:664 Specifically, PANI was synthesized in situ on the surface of CNs biotemplate to form PANI@CNs nanohybrids with high aspect ratio and good dispersity. 25384188 0 42 theme nanowhiskers/natural 47:66 arg1 nanocomposites 75:88 polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers/natural rubber nanocomposites 25:88 polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers/natural rubber nanocomposites 25:88 Biotemplate synthesis of polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers/natural rubber nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure and improved electrical conductivity. 25384188 4 43 theme @ 788:788 arg1 nanohybrids 793:803 PANI@CNs nanohybrids 784:803 PANI@CNs nanohybrids 784:803 Then NR latex was introduced into PANI@CNs nanohybrids suspension to enable the self-assembly of PANI@CNs nanohybrids onto NR latex microspheres. 25384188 1 44 theme percolation 268:278 arg1 thresholds 280:289 low percolation thresholds 264:289 low percolation thresholds 264:289 Development of novel and versatile strategies to construct conductive polymer composites with low percolation thresholds and high mechanical properties is of great importance. 25384188 5 45 theme conductive 1002:1011 arg1 structure 1021:1029 a 3D hierarchical multiscale conductive network structure 973:1029 a 3D hierarchical multiscale conductive network structure in NR matrix 973:1042 During cocoagulation process, PANI@CNs nanohybrids selectively located in the interstitial space between NR microspheres and organized into a 3D hierarchical multiscale conductive network structure in NR matrix. 25384188 3 46 theme good 670:673 arg1 dispersity 675:684 good dispersity 670:684 good dispersity 670:684 Specifically, PANI was synthesized in situ on the surface of CNs biotemplate to form PANI@CNs nanohybrids with high aspect ratio and good dispersity. 25384188 4 47 theme nanohybrids 793:803 arg1 self-assembly 767:779 the self-assembly 763:779 the self-assembly of PANI@CNs nanohybrids onto NR latex microspheres 763:830 Then NR latex was introduced into PANI@CNs nanohybrids suspension to enable the self-assembly of PANI@CNs nanohybrids onto NR latex microspheres. 25384188 6 48 theme cocoagulation 1108:1120 arg1 method 1122:1127 latex cocoagulation method 1102:1127 latex cocoagulation method 1102:1127 The combination of the biotemplate synthesis of PANI and latex cocoagulation method significantly enhanced the electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of the NR-based nanocomposites simultaneously. 25384188 1 49 theme mechanical 300:309 arg1 properties 311:320 high mechanical properties 295:320 high mechanical properties 295:320 Development of novel and versatile strategies to construct conductive polymer composites with low percolation thresholds and high mechanical properties is of great importance. 25384188 7 50 theme nanocomposites 1296:1309 arg1 conductivity 1268:1279 The electrical conductivity 1253:1279 The electrical conductivity of PANI@CNs/NR nanocomposites containing 5 phr PANI 1253:1331 The electrical conductivity of PANI@CNs/NR nanocomposites containing 5 phr PANI showed 11 orders of magnitude higher than that of the PANI/NR composites at the same loading fraction,; meanwhile, the percolation threshold was drastically decreased from 8.0 to 3.6 vol %. 25384188 6 51 theme NR-based 1213:1220 arg1 nanocomposites 1222:1235 the NR-based nanocomposites 1209:1235 the NR-based nanocomposites 1209:1235 The combination of the biotemplate synthesis of PANI and latex cocoagulation method significantly enhanced the electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of the NR-based nanocomposites simultaneously. 25384188 5 52 from structure 1021:1029 arg1 matrix 1037:1042 NR matrix 1034:1042 NR matrix 1034:1042 During cocoagulation process, PANI@CNs nanohybrids selectively located in the interstitial space between NR microspheres and organized into a 3D hierarchical multiscale conductive network structure in NR matrix. 25384188 1 53 theme strategies 205:214 arg1 Development 170:180 Development 170:180 Development of novel and versatile strategies to construct conductive polymer composites with low percolation thresholds and high mechanical properties 170:320 Development of novel and versatile strategies to construct conductive polymer composites with low percolation thresholds and high mechanical properties is of great importance. 25384188 5 54 theme @ 867:867 arg1 CNs 868:870 PANI@CNs 863:870 PANI@CNs 863:870 During cocoagulation process, PANI@CNs nanohybrids selectively located in the interstitial space between NR microspheres and organized into a 3D hierarchical multiscale conductive network structure in NR matrix. 25384188 6 55 theme mechanical 1184:1193 arg1 properties 1195:1204 mechanical properties 1184:1204 mechanical properties 1184:1204 The combination of the biotemplate synthesis of PANI and latex cocoagulation method significantly enhanced the electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of the NR-based nanocomposites simultaneously. 25384188 1 56 theme polymer 240:246 arg1 composites 248:257 conductive polymer composites 229:257 conductive polymer composites with low percolation thresholds and high mechanical properties 229:320 Development of novel and versatile strategies to construct conductive polymer composites with low percolation thresholds and high mechanical properties is of great importance. 25384188 5 57 theme cocoagulation 840:852 arg1 process 854:860 cocoagulation process 840:860 cocoagulation process 840:860 During cocoagulation process, PANI@CNs nanohybrids selectively located in the interstitial space between NR microspheres and organized into a 3D hierarchical multiscale conductive network structure in NR matrix. 25384188 3 58 theme CNs 598:600 arg1 biotemplate 602:612 CNs biotemplate 598:612 CNs biotemplate 598:612 Specifically, PANI was synthesized in situ on the surface of CNs biotemplate to form PANI@CNs nanohybrids with high aspect ratio and good dispersity. 25384188 7 59 theme loading 1418:1424 arg1 fraction 1426:1433 the same loading fraction 1409:1433 the same loading fraction 1409:1433 The electrical conductivity of PANI@CNs/NR nanocomposites containing 5 phr PANI showed 11 orders of magnitude higher than that of the PANI/NR composites at the same loading fraction,; meanwhile, the percolation threshold was drastically decreased from 8.0 to 3.6 vol %. 25384188 3 60 theme CNs 627:629 arg1 nanohybrids 631:641 PANI@CNs nanohybrids 622:641 PANI@CNs nanohybrids 622:641 Specifically, PANI was synthesized in situ on the surface of CNs biotemplate to form PANI@CNs nanohybrids with high aspect ratio and good dispersity. 25384188 4 61 theme PANI 721:724 arg1 suspension 742:751 PANI@CNs nanohybrids suspension 721:751 PANI@CNs nanohybrids suspension 721:751 Then NR latex was introduced into PANI@CNs nanohybrids suspension to enable the self-assembly of PANI@CNs nanohybrids onto NR latex microspheres. 25384188 7 62 theme PANI 1284:1287 arg1 nanocomposites 1296:1309 PANI@CNs/NR nanocomposites 1284:1309 PANI@CNs/NR nanocomposites containing 5 phr PANI 1284:1331 The electrical conductivity of PANI@CNs/NR nanocomposites containing 5 phr PANI showed 11 orders of magnitude higher than that of the PANI/NR composites at the same loading fraction,; meanwhile, the percolation threshold was drastically decreased from 8.0 to 3.6 vol %. 25384188 3 63 theme PANI 622:625 arg1 nanohybrids 631:641 PANI@CNs nanohybrids 622:641 PANI@CNs nanohybrids 622:641 Specifically, PANI was synthesized in situ on the surface of CNs biotemplate to form PANI@CNs nanohybrids with high aspect ratio and good dispersity. 25384188 2 64 theme multiscale 515:524 arg1 structure 526:534 3D hierarchical multiscale structure 499:534 3D hierarchical multiscale structure 499:534 In this work, we report a facile and effective strategy to prepare polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers (PANI@CNs)/natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure. 25384188 7 65 theme electrical 1257:1266 arg1 conductivity 1268:1279 The electrical conductivity 1253:1279 The electrical conductivity of PANI@CNs/NR nanocomposites containing 5 phr PANI 1253:1331 The electrical conductivity of PANI@CNs/NR nanocomposites containing 5 phr PANI showed 11 orders of magnitude higher than that of the PANI/NR composites at the same loading fraction,; meanwhile, the percolation threshold was drastically decreased from 8.0 to 3.6 vol %. 25384188 0 66 theme hierarchical 98:109 arg1 structure 122:130 3D hierarchical multiscale structure 95:130 3D hierarchical multiscale structure 95:130 Biotemplate synthesis of polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers/natural rubber nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure and improved electrical conductivity. 25384188 2 67 with nanocomposites 479:492 arg1 structure 526:534 3D hierarchical multiscale structure 499:534 3D hierarchical multiscale structure 499:534 In this work, we report a facile and effective strategy to prepare polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers (PANI@CNs)/natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure. 25384188 2 68 theme 3D 499:500 arg1 structure 526:534 3D hierarchical multiscale structure 499:534 3D hierarchical multiscale structure 499:534 In this work, we report a facile and effective strategy to prepare polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers (PANI@CNs)/natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure. 25384188 7 69 contain containing 1311:1320 arg2 PANI 1328:1331 5 phr PANI 1322:1331 5 phr PANI 1322:1331 The electrical conductivity of PANI@CNs/NR nanocomposites containing 5 phr PANI showed 11 orders of magnitude higher than that of the PANI/NR composites at the same loading fraction,; meanwhile, the percolation threshold was drastically decreased from 8.0 to 3.6 vol %. 25384188 7 69 contain containing 1311:1320 arg1 nanocomposites 1296:1309 PANI@CNs/NR nanocomposites 1284:1309 PANI@CNs/NR nanocomposites containing 5 phr PANI 1284:1331 The electrical conductivity of PANI@CNs/NR nanocomposites containing 5 phr PANI showed 11 orders of magnitude higher than that of the PANI/NR composites at the same loading fraction,; meanwhile, the percolation threshold was drastically decreased from 8.0 to 3.6 vol %. 25384188 0 70 theme improved 136:143 arg1 conductivity 156:167 improved electrical conductivity 136:167 improved electrical conductivity 136:167 Biotemplate synthesis of polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers/natural rubber nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure and improved electrical conductivity. 25384188 5 71 theme 3D 975:976 arg1 structure 1021:1029 a 3D hierarchical multiscale conductive network structure 973:1029 a 3D hierarchical multiscale conductive network structure in NR matrix 973:1042 During cocoagulation process, PANI@CNs nanohybrids selectively located in the interstitial space between NR microspheres and organized into a 3D hierarchical multiscale conductive network structure in NR matrix. 25384188 6 72 theme PANI 1093:1096 arg1 synthesis 1080:1088 the biotemplate synthesis 1064:1088 the biotemplate synthesis of PANI and latex cocoagulation method 1064:1127 The combination of the biotemplate synthesis of PANI and latex cocoagulation method significantly enhanced the electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of the NR-based nanocomposites simultaneously. 25384188 2 73 theme cellulose 425:433 arg1 nanowhiskers 435:446 polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers 413:446 polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers (PANI@CNs)/natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure 413:534 In this work, we report a facile and effective strategy to prepare polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers (PANI@CNs)/natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure. 25384188 2 73 theme cellulose 425:433 arg1 CNs 454:456 PANI@CNs 449:456 PANI@CNs 449:456 In this work, we report a facile and effective strategy to prepare polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers (PANI@CNs)/natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure. 25384188 5 74 theme NR 938:939 arg1 microspheres 941:952 NR microspheres 938:952 NR microspheres 938:952 During cocoagulation process, PANI@CNs nanohybrids selectively located in the interstitial space between NR microspheres and organized into a 3D hierarchical multiscale conductive network structure in NR matrix. 25384188 6 75 theme synthesis 1080:1088 arg1 combination 1049:1059 The combination 1045:1059 The combination of the biotemplate synthesis of PANI and latex cocoagulation method 1045:1127 The combination of the biotemplate synthesis of PANI and latex cocoagulation method significantly enhanced the electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of the NR-based nanocomposites simultaneously. 25384188 2 76 theme rubber 467:472 arg1 nanocomposites 479:492 polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers (PANI@CNs)/natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites 413:492 polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers (PANI@CNs)/natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure 413:534 In this work, we report a facile and effective strategy to prepare polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers (PANI@CNs)/natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure. 25384188 4 77 theme CNs 726:728 arg1 suspension 742:751 PANI@CNs nanohybrids suspension 721:751 PANI@CNs nanohybrids suspension 721:751 Then NR latex was introduced into PANI@CNs nanohybrids suspension to enable the self-assembly of PANI@CNs nanohybrids onto NR latex microspheres. 25384188 2 78 theme polyaniline 413:423 arg1 nanowhiskers 435:446 polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers 413:446 polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers (PANI@CNs)/natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure 413:534 In this work, we report a facile and effective strategy to prepare polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers (PANI@CNs)/natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure. 25384188 2 78 theme polyaniline 413:423 arg1 CNs 454:456 PANI@CNs 449:456 PANI@CNs 449:456 In this work, we report a facile and effective strategy to prepare polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers (PANI@CNs)/natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure. 25384188 0 79 theme polyaniline 25:35 arg1 nanocomposites 75:88 polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers/natural rubber nanocomposites 25:88 polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers/natural rubber nanocomposites 25:88 Biotemplate synthesis of polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers/natural rubber nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure and improved electrical conductivity. 25384188 7 80 theme magnitude 1353:1361 arg1 orders 1343:1348 11 orders 1340:1348 11 orders of magnitude higher than that of the PANI/NR composites at the same loading fraction, 1340:1434 The electrical conductivity of PANI@CNs/NR nanocomposites containing 5 phr PANI showed 11 orders of magnitude higher than that of the PANI/NR composites at the same loading fraction,; meanwhile, the percolation threshold was drastically decreased from 8.0 to 3.6 vol %. 25384188 3 81 theme aspect 653:658 arg1 ratio 660:664 high aspect ratio 648:664 high aspect ratio 648:664 Specifically, PANI was synthesized in situ on the surface of CNs biotemplate to form PANI@CNs nanohybrids with high aspect ratio and good dispersity. 25384188 2 82 theme @ 453:453 arg1 nanowhiskers 435:446 polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers 413:446 polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers (PANI@CNs)/natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure 413:534 In this work, we report a facile and effective strategy to prepare polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers (PANI@CNs)/natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure. 25384188 2 82 theme @ 453:453 arg1 CNs 454:456 PANI@CNs 449:456 PANI@CNs 449:456 In this work, we report a facile and effective strategy to prepare polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers (PANI@CNs)/natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure. 25384188 0 83 theme cellulose 37:45 arg1 nanocomposites 75:88 polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers/natural rubber nanocomposites 25:88 polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers/natural rubber nanocomposites 25:88 Biotemplate synthesis of polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers/natural rubber nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure and improved electrical conductivity. 25384188 0 84 theme rubber 68:73 arg1 nanocomposites 75:88 polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers/natural rubber nanocomposites 25:88 polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers/natural rubber nanocomposites 25:88 Biotemplate synthesis of polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers/natural rubber nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure and improved electrical conductivity. 25384188 6 85 theme electrical 1156:1165 arg1 conductivity 1167:1178 the electrical conductivity 1152:1178 the electrical conductivity 1152:1178 The combination of the biotemplate synthesis of PANI and latex cocoagulation method significantly enhanced the electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of the NR-based nanocomposites simultaneously. 25384188 2 86 theme NR 475:476 arg1 nanocomposites 479:492 polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers (PANI@CNs)/natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites 413:492 polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers (PANI@CNs)/natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure 413:534 In this work, we report a facile and effective strategy to prepare polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers (PANI@CNs)/natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure. 25384188 4 87 theme latex 813:817 arg1 microspheres 819:830 NR latex microspheres 810:830 NR latex microspheres 810:830 Then NR latex was introduced into PANI@CNs nanohybrids suspension to enable the self-assembly of PANI@CNs nanohybrids onto NR latex microspheres. 25384188 0 88 with synthesis 12:20 arg1 structure 122:130 3D hierarchical multiscale structure 95:130 3D hierarchical multiscale structure 95:130 Biotemplate synthesis of polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers/natural rubber nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure and improved electrical conductivity. 25384188 0 88 with synthesis 12:20 arg1 conductivity 156:167 improved electrical conductivity 136:167 improved electrical conductivity 136:167 Biotemplate synthesis of polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers/natural rubber nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure and improved electrical conductivity. 25384188 2 89 theme facile 372:377 arg1 strategy 393:400 a facile and effective strategy 370:400 a facile and effective strategy to prepare polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers (PANI@CNs)/natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure 370:534 In this work, we report a facile and effective strategy to prepare polyaniline@cellulose nanowhiskers (PANI@CNs)/natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites with 3D hierarchical multiscale structure. 25384188 5 90 theme multiscale 991:1000 arg1 structure 1021:1029 a 3D hierarchical multiscale conductive network structure 973:1029 a 3D hierarchical multiscale conductive network structure in NR matrix 973:1042 During cocoagulation process, PANI@CNs nanohybrids selectively located in the interstitial space between NR microspheres and organized into a 3D hierarchical multiscale conductive network structure in NR matrix. 25384188 7 91 theme phr 1324:1326 arg1 PANI 1328:1331 5 phr PANI 1322:1331 5 phr PANI 1322:1331 The electrical conductivity of PANI@CNs/NR nanocomposites containing 5 phr PANI showed 11 orders of magnitude higher than that of the PANI/NR composites at the same loading fraction,; meanwhile, the percolation threshold was drastically decreased from 8.0 to 3.6 vol %. 25384188 4 92 theme PANI 784:787 arg1 nanohybrids 793:803 PANI@CNs nanohybrids 784:803 PANI@CNs nanohybrids 784:803 Then NR latex was introduced into PANI@CNs nanohybrids suspension to enable the self-assembly of PANI@CNs nanohybrids onto NR latex microspheres. 25384188 5 93 theme network 1013:1019 arg1 structure 1021:1029 a 3D hierarchical multiscale conductive network structure 973:1029 a 3D hierarchical multiscale conductive network structure in NR matrix 973:1042 During cocoagulation process, PANI@CNs nanohybrids selectively located in the interstitial space between NR microspheres and organized into a 3D hierarchical multiscale conductive network structure in NR matrix. 25384188 6 94 theme method 1122:1127 arg1 synthesis 1080:1088 the biotemplate synthesis 1064:1088 the biotemplate synthesis of PANI and latex cocoagulation method 1064:1127 The combination of the biotemplate synthesis of PANI and latex cocoagulation method significantly enhanced the electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of the NR-based nanocomposites simultaneously. 25384188 7 95 theme @ 1288:1288 arg1 nanocomposites 1296:1309 PANI@CNs/NR nanocomposites 1284:1309 PANI@CNs/NR nanocomposites containing 5 phr PANI 1284:1331 The electrical conductivity of PANI@CNs/NR nanocomposites containing 5 phr PANI showed 11 orders of magnitude higher than that of the PANI/NR composites at the same loading fraction,; meanwhile, the percolation threshold was drastically decreased from 8.0 to 3.6 vol %. 25384188 4 96 theme CNs 789:791 arg1 nanohybrids 793:803 PANI@CNs nanohybrids 784:803 PANI@CNs nanohybrids 784:803 Then NR latex was introduced into PANI@CNs nanohybrids suspension to enable the self-assembly of PANI@CNs nanohybrids onto NR latex microspheres. 25384188 1 97 theme high 295:298 arg1 properties 311:320 high mechanical properties 295:320 high mechanical properties 295:320 Development of novel and versatile strategies to construct conductive polymer composites with low percolation thresholds and high mechanical properties is of great importance. 27180297 6 0 theme enthalpy 981:988 arg1 change 990:995 the enthalpy change 977:995 the enthalpy change (ΔH) ranged from 9.45 to 14.73Jg(-1) 977:1032 Peak temperature of gelatinization was around 71°C, the enthalpy change (ΔH) ranged from 9.45 to 14.73Jg(-1). 27180297 6 0 theme enthalpy 981:988 arg1 71°C 971:974 71°C 971:974 71°C 971:974 Peak temperature of gelatinization was around 71°C, the enthalpy change (ΔH) ranged from 9.45 to 14.73Jg(-1). 27180297 6 0 theme enthalpy 981:988 arg1 ΔH 998:999 ΔH 998:999 ΔH 998:999 Peak temperature of gelatinization was around 71°C, the enthalpy change (ΔH) ranged from 9.45 to 14.73Jg(-1). 27180297 2 1 theme banana 345:350 arg1 cultivars 332:340 five cultivars 327:340 five cultivars of banana 327:350 In this study starches obtained from five cultivars of banana were analyzed for size and shape of granules, crystallinity, chemical composition, resistant starch, swelling power, solubility, thermal and paste properties. 27180297 1 2 theme sector 255:260 arg1 demands 240:246 the diverse demands 228:246 the diverse demands of the sector 228:260 The starch market is constantly evolving and studies that provide information about the physical and rheological properties of native starches to meet the diverse demands of the sector are increasingly necessary. 27180297 3 3 theme starch 527:532 arg1 large 539:543 large 539:543 large 539:543 The granules of starch were large (36.58-47.24μm), oval, showed crystallinity pattern type B and the index of crystallinity ranged from 31.94 to 34.06%. 27180297 3 3 theme starch 527:532 arg1 granules 515:522 The granules 511:522 The granules of starch 511:532 The granules of starch were large (36.58-47.24μm), oval, showed crystallinity pattern type B and the index of crystallinity ranged from 31.94 to 34.06%. 27180297 3 3 theme starch 527:532 arg1 showed 568:573 showed 568:573 showed crystallinity pattern type B and the index of crystallinity ranged from 31.94 to 34.06% 568:661 The granules of starch were large (36.58-47.24μm), oval, showed crystallinity pattern type B and the index of crystallinity ranged from 31.94 to 34.06%. 27180297 3 3 theme starch 527:532 arg1 36.58-47.24μm 546:558 36.58-47.24μm 546:558 36.58-47.24μm 546:558 The granules of starch were large (36.58-47.24μm), oval, showed crystallinity pattern type B and the index of crystallinity ranged from 31.94 to 34.06%. 27180297 2 4 theme paste 493:497 arg1 size 370:373 size 370:373 size 370:373 In this study starches obtained from five cultivars of banana were analyzed for size and shape of granules, crystallinity, chemical composition, resistant starch, swelling power, solubility, thermal and paste properties. 27180297 2 4 theme paste 493:497 arg1 properties 499:508 thermal and paste properties 481:508 thermal and paste properties 481:508 In this study starches obtained from five cultivars of banana were analyzed for size and shape of granules, crystallinity, chemical composition, resistant starch, swelling power, solubility, thermal and paste properties. 27180297 4 5 theme resistant 764:772 arg1 starch 774:779 the resistant starch 760:779 the resistant starch 760:779 The phosphorus content ranged from 0.003 to 0.011%, the amylose ranged from 25.13 to 29.01% and the resistant starch ranged from 65.70 to 80.28%. 27180297 3 6 dep crystallinity 575:587 arg1 B 602:602 pattern type B 589:602 crystallinity pattern type B 575:602 The granules of starch were large (36.58-47.24μm), oval, showed crystallinity pattern type B and the index of crystallinity ranged from 31.94 to 34.06%. 27180297 1 7 theme physical 165:172 arg1 properties 190:199 the physical and rheological properties 161:199 the physical and rheological properties of native starches 161:218 The starch market is constantly evolving and studies that provide information about the physical and rheological properties of native starches to meet the diverse demands of the sector are increasingly necessary. 27180297 7 8 theme higher 1140:1145 arg1 solubility 1147:1156 higher solubility 1140:1156 'Prata-Anã' higher solubility (11.61%) 1128:1165 The starch from 'Grand Naine' showed higher swelling power (15.19gg(-1)) and the starch from 'Prata-Anã' higher solubility (11.61%). 27180297 7 8 theme higher 1140:1145 arg1 % 1164:1164 11.61% 1159:1164 11.61% 1159:1164 The starch from 'Grand Naine' showed higher swelling power (15.19gg(-1)) and the starch from 'Prata-Anã' higher solubility (11.61%). 27180297 2 9 theme resistant 435:443 arg1 size 370:373 size 370:373 size 370:373 In this study starches obtained from five cultivars of banana were analyzed for size and shape of granules, crystallinity, chemical composition, resistant starch, swelling power, solubility, thermal and paste properties. 27180297 2 9 theme resistant 435:443 arg1 starch 445:450 resistant starch 435:450 resistant starch 435:450 In this study starches obtained from five cultivars of banana were analyzed for size and shape of granules, crystallinity, chemical composition, resistant starch, swelling power, solubility, thermal and paste properties. 27180297 1 10 theme starch 81:86 arg1 market 88:93 The starch market 77:93 The starch market 77:93 The starch market is constantly evolving and studies that provide information about the physical and rheological properties of native starches to meet the diverse demands of the sector are increasingly necessary. 27180297 1 11 theme rheological 178:188 arg1 properties 190:199 the physical and rheological properties 161:199 the physical and rheological properties of native starches 161:218 The starch market is constantly evolving and studies that provide information about the physical and rheological properties of native starches to meet the diverse demands of the sector are increasingly necessary. 27180297 8 12 theme several 1271:1277 arg1 applications 1279:1290 several applications 1271:1290 several applications 1271:1290 The starches studied are highlighted by their physical and chemical characteristics and may be used in several applications. 27180297 6 13 dep 14.73Jg 1022:1028 arg1 to 1019:1020 to 1019:1020 to 1019:1020 Peak temperature of gelatinization was around 71°C, the enthalpy change (ΔH) ranged from 9.45 to 14.73Jg(-1). 27180297 0 14 theme starches 27:34 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of banana starches 0:34 Characterization of banana starches obtained from cultivars grown in Brazil. 27180297 2 15 theme study 298:302 arg1 starches 304:311 this study starches 293:311 this study starches obtained from five cultivars of banana 293:350 In this study starches obtained from five cultivars of banana were analyzed for size and shape of granules, crystallinity, chemical composition, resistant starch, swelling power, solubility, thermal and paste properties. 27180297 6 16 theme gelatinization 945:958 arg1 temperature 930:940 Peak temperature 925:940 Peak temperature of gelatinization 925:958 Peak temperature of gelatinization was around 71°C, the enthalpy change (ΔH) ranged from 9.45 to 14.73Jg(-1). 27180297 2 17 theme chemical 413:420 arg1 size 370:373 size 370:373 size 370:373 In this study starches obtained from five cultivars of banana were analyzed for size and shape of granules, crystallinity, chemical composition, resistant starch, swelling power, solubility, thermal and paste properties. 27180297 2 17 theme chemical 413:420 arg1 composition 422:432 chemical composition 413:432 chemical composition 413:432 In this study starches obtained from five cultivars of banana were analyzed for size and shape of granules, crystallinity, chemical composition, resistant starch, swelling power, solubility, thermal and paste properties. 27180297 3 18 dep 34.06 656:660 arg1 to 653:654 to 653:654 to 653:654 The granules of starch were large (36.58-47.24μm), oval, showed crystallinity pattern type B and the index of crystallinity ranged from 31.94 to 34.06%. 27180297 4 19 dep 0.011 708:712 arg1 to 705:706 to 705:706 to 705:706 The phosphorus content ranged from 0.003 to 0.011%, the amylose ranged from 25.13 to 29.01% and the resistant starch ranged from 65.70 to 80.28%. 27180297 1 20 theme native 204:209 arg1 starches 211:218 native starches 204:218 native starches 204:218 The starch market is constantly evolving and studies that provide information about the physical and rheological properties of native starches to meet the diverse demands of the sector are increasingly necessary. 27180297 4 21 dep 80.28 802:806 arg1 to 799:800 to 799:800 to 799:800 The phosphorus content ranged from 0.003 to 0.011%, the amylose ranged from 25.13 to 29.01% and the resistant starch ranged from 65.70 to 80.28%. 27180297 4 22 dep 29.01 749:753 arg1 to 746:747 to 746:747 to 746:747 The phosphorus content ranged from 0.003 to 0.011%, the amylose ranged from 25.13 to 29.01% and the resistant starch ranged from 65.70 to 80.28%. 27180297 5 23 theme Grand 911:915 arg1 Naine 917:921 'Grand Naine' 910:922 'Grand Naine' 910:922 The starches showed high peak viscosity and breakdown, especially those obtained from 'Nanicão' and 'Grand Naine'. 27180297 1 24 theme starches 211:218 arg1 properties 190:199 the physical and rheological properties 161:199 the physical and rheological properties of native starches 161:218 The starch market is constantly evolving and studies that provide information about the physical and rheological properties of native starches to meet the diverse demands of the sector are increasingly necessary. 27180297 2 25 theme swelling 453:460 arg1 size 370:373 size 370:373 size 370:373 In this study starches obtained from five cultivars of banana were analyzed for size and shape of granules, crystallinity, chemical composition, resistant starch, swelling power, solubility, thermal and paste properties. 27180297 2 25 theme swelling 453:460 arg1 power 462:466 swelling power 453:466 swelling power 453:466 In this study starches obtained from five cultivars of banana were analyzed for size and shape of granules, crystallinity, chemical composition, resistant starch, swelling power, solubility, thermal and paste properties. 27180297 7 26 dep Prata-Anã 1129:1137 arg1 solubility 1147:1156 higher solubility 1140:1156 'Prata-Anã' higher solubility (11.61%) 1128:1165 The starch from 'Grand Naine' showed higher swelling power (15.19gg(-1)) and the starch from 'Prata-Anã' higher solubility (11.61%). 27180297 7 26 dep Prata-Anã 1129:1137 arg1 % 1164:1164 11.61% 1159:1164 11.61% 1159:1164 The starch from 'Grand Naine' showed higher swelling power (15.19gg(-1)) and the starch from 'Prata-Anã' higher solubility (11.61%). 27180297 2 27 theme granules 388:395 arg1 shape 379:383 shape 379:383 shape 379:383 In this study starches obtained from five cultivars of banana were analyzed for size and shape of granules, crystallinity, chemical composition, resistant starch, swelling power, solubility, thermal and paste properties. 27180297 2 27 theme granules 388:395 arg1 properties 499:508 thermal and paste properties 481:508 thermal and paste properties 481:508 In this study starches obtained from five cultivars of banana were analyzed for size and shape of granules, crystallinity, chemical composition, resistant starch, swelling power, solubility, thermal and paste properties. 27180297 2 27 theme granules 388:395 arg1 composition 422:432 chemical composition 413:432 chemical composition 413:432 In this study starches obtained from five cultivars of banana were analyzed for size and shape of granules, crystallinity, chemical composition, resistant starch, swelling power, solubility, thermal and paste properties. 27180297 2 27 theme granules 388:395 arg1 solubility 469:478 solubility 469:478 solubility 469:478 In this study starches obtained from five cultivars of banana were analyzed for size and shape of granules, crystallinity, chemical composition, resistant starch, swelling power, solubility, thermal and paste properties. 27180297 2 27 theme granules 388:395 arg1 crystallinity 398:410 crystallinity 398:410 crystallinity 398:410 In this study starches obtained from five cultivars of banana were analyzed for size and shape of granules, crystallinity, chemical composition, resistant starch, swelling power, solubility, thermal and paste properties. 27180297 2 27 theme granules 388:395 arg1 starch 445:450 resistant starch 435:450 resistant starch 435:450 In this study starches obtained from five cultivars of banana were analyzed for size and shape of granules, crystallinity, chemical composition, resistant starch, swelling power, solubility, thermal and paste properties. 27180297 2 27 theme granules 388:395 arg1 size 370:373 size 370:373 size 370:373 In this study starches obtained from five cultivars of banana were analyzed for size and shape of granules, crystallinity, chemical composition, resistant starch, swelling power, solubility, thermal and paste properties. 27180297 2 27 theme granules 388:395 arg1 power 462:466 swelling power 453:466 swelling power 453:466 In this study starches obtained from five cultivars of banana were analyzed for size and shape of granules, crystallinity, chemical composition, resistant starch, swelling power, solubility, thermal and paste properties. 27180297 6 28 theme Peak 925:928 arg1 temperature 930:940 Peak temperature 925:940 Peak temperature of gelatinization 925:958 Peak temperature of gelatinization was around 71°C, the enthalpy change (ΔH) ranged from 9.45 to 14.73Jg(-1). 27180297 8 29 used used 1263:1266 arg2 starches 1172:1179 The starches 1168:1179 The starches studied 1168:1187 The starches studied are highlighted by their physical and chemical characteristics and may be used in several applications. 27180297 7 30 from Naine 1058:1062 arg1 starch 1039:1044 The starch 1035:1044 The starch from 'Grand Naine' 1035:1063 The starch from 'Grand Naine' showed higher swelling power (15.19gg(-1)) and the starch from 'Prata-Anã' higher solubility (11.61%). 27180297 5 31 theme high 830:833 arg1 viscosity 840:848 high peak viscosity 830:848 high peak viscosity 830:848 The starches showed high peak viscosity and breakdown, especially those obtained from 'Nanicão' and 'Grand Naine'. 27180297 8 32 theme physical 1214:1221 arg1 characteristics 1236:1250 their physical and chemical characteristics 1208:1250 their physical and chemical characteristics 1208:1250 The starches studied are highlighted by their physical and chemical characteristics and may be used in several applications. 27180297 3 33 theme pattern 589:595 arg1 B 602:602 pattern type B 589:602 crystallinity pattern type B 575:602 The granules of starch were large (36.58-47.24μm), oval, showed crystallinity pattern type B and the index of crystallinity ranged from 31.94 to 34.06%. 27180297 5 34 theme peak 835:838 arg1 viscosity 840:848 high peak viscosity 830:848 high peak viscosity 830:848 The starches showed high peak viscosity and breakdown, especially those obtained from 'Nanicão' and 'Grand Naine'. 27180297 3 35 theme type 597:600 arg1 B 602:602 pattern type B 589:602 crystallinity pattern type B 575:602 The granules of starch were large (36.58-47.24μm), oval, showed crystallinity pattern type B and the index of crystallinity ranged from 31.94 to 34.06%. 27180297 4 36 theme phosphorus 668:677 arg1 content 679:685 The phosphorus content 664:685 The phosphorus content 664:685 The phosphorus content ranged from 0.003 to 0.011%, the amylose ranged from 25.13 to 29.01% and the resistant starch ranged from 65.70 to 80.28%. 27180297 2 37 theme thermal 481:487 arg1 size 370:373 size 370:373 size 370:373 In this study starches obtained from five cultivars of banana were analyzed for size and shape of granules, crystallinity, chemical composition, resistant starch, swelling power, solubility, thermal and paste properties. 27180297 2 37 theme thermal 481:487 arg1 properties 499:508 thermal and paste properties 481:508 thermal and paste properties 481:508 In this study starches obtained from five cultivars of banana were analyzed for size and shape of granules, crystallinity, chemical composition, resistant starch, swelling power, solubility, thermal and paste properties. 27180297 3 38 theme crystallinity 621:633 arg1 crystallinity 575:587 crystallinity 575:587 crystallinity pattern type B 575:602 The granules of starch were large (36.58-47.24μm), oval, showed crystallinity pattern type B and the index of crystallinity ranged from 31.94 to 34.06%. 27180297 3 38 theme crystallinity 621:633 arg1 index 612:616 the index 608:616 the index of crystallinity ranged from 31.94 to 34.06% 608:661 The granules of starch were large (36.58-47.24μm), oval, showed crystallinity pattern type B and the index of crystallinity ranged from 31.94 to 34.06%. 27180297 8 39 theme chemical 1227:1234 arg1 characteristics 1236:1250 their physical and chemical characteristics 1208:1250 their physical and chemical characteristics 1208:1250 The starches studied are highlighted by their physical and chemical characteristics and may be used in several applications. 27180297 7 40 from Prata-Anã 1129:1137 arg1 starch 1116:1121 the starch 1112:1121 the starch from 'Prata-Anã' higher solubility (11.61%) 1112:1165 The starch from 'Grand Naine' showed higher swelling power (15.19gg(-1)) and the starch from 'Prata-Anã' higher solubility (11.61%). 27180297 7 40 from Prata-Anã 1129:1137 arg1 15.19gg 1095:1101 15.19gg(-1) 1095:1105 15.19gg(-1) 1095:1105 The starch from 'Grand Naine' showed higher swelling power (15.19gg(-1)) and the starch from 'Prata-Anã' higher solubility (11.61%). 27180297 7 40 from Prata-Anã 1129:1137 arg1 power 1088:1092 higher swelling power 1072:1092 higher swelling power (15.19gg(-1)) 1072:1106 The starch from 'Grand Naine' showed higher swelling power (15.19gg(-1)) and the starch from 'Prata-Anã' higher solubility (11.61%). 27180297 1 41 theme diverse 232:238 arg1 demands 240:246 the diverse demands 228:246 the diverse demands of the sector 228:260 The starch market is constantly evolving and studies that provide information about the physical and rheological properties of native starches to meet the diverse demands of the sector are increasingly necessary. 27180297 7 42 theme higher 1072:1077 arg1 15.19gg 1095:1101 15.19gg(-1) 1095:1105 15.19gg(-1) 1095:1105 The starch from 'Grand Naine' showed higher swelling power (15.19gg(-1)) and the starch from 'Prata-Anã' higher solubility (11.61%). 27180297 7 42 theme higher 1072:1077 arg1 power 1088:1092 higher swelling power 1072:1092 higher swelling power (15.19gg(-1)) 1072:1106 The starch from 'Grand Naine' showed higher swelling power (15.19gg(-1)) and the starch from 'Prata-Anã' higher solubility (11.61%). 27180297 0 43 theme banana 20:25 arg1 starches 27:34 banana starches 20:34 banana starches 20:34 Characterization of banana starches obtained from cultivars grown in Brazil. 27180297 3 44 dep large 539:543 arg1 large 539:543 large 539:543 large 539:543 The granules of starch were large (36.58-47.24μm), oval, showed crystallinity pattern type B and the index of crystallinity ranged from 31.94 to 34.06%. 27180297 3 44 dep large 539:543 arg1 granules 515:522 The granules 511:522 The granules of starch 511:532 The granules of starch were large (36.58-47.24μm), oval, showed crystallinity pattern type B and the index of crystallinity ranged from 31.94 to 34.06%. 27180297 3 44 dep large 539:543 arg1 showed 568:573 showed 568:573 showed crystallinity pattern type B and the index of crystallinity ranged from 31.94 to 34.06% 568:661 The granules of starch were large (36.58-47.24μm), oval, showed crystallinity pattern type B and the index of crystallinity ranged from 31.94 to 34.06%. 27180297 3 44 dep large 539:543 arg1 36.58-47.24μm 546:558 36.58-47.24μm 546:558 36.58-47.24μm 546:558 The granules of starch were large (36.58-47.24μm), oval, showed crystallinity pattern type B and the index of crystallinity ranged from 31.94 to 34.06%. 27180297 7 45 theme swelling 1079:1086 arg1 15.19gg 1095:1101 15.19gg(-1) 1095:1105 15.19gg(-1) 1095:1105 The starch from 'Grand Naine' showed higher swelling power (15.19gg(-1)) and the starch from 'Prata-Anã' higher solubility (11.61%). 27180297 7 45 theme swelling 1079:1086 arg1 power 1088:1092 higher swelling power 1072:1092 higher swelling power (15.19gg(-1)) 1072:1106 The starch from 'Grand Naine' showed higher swelling power (15.19gg(-1)) and the starch from 'Prata-Anã' higher solubility (11.61%). 27444013 7 0 contain carrying 884:891 arg1 vectors 876:882 multigene vectors 866:882 multigene vectors carrying the human sialylation pathway 866:921 By the introduction of multigene vectors carrying the human sialylation pathway into glycosylation-destructed mutants, transgenic plants that sialylate glycoproteins in α2,6- or α2,3-linkage were generated. 27444013 7 0 contain carrying 884:891 arg2 pathway 915:921 the human sialylation pathway 893:921 the human sialylation pathway 893:921 By the introduction of multigene vectors carrying the human sialylation pathway into glycosylation-destructed mutants, transgenic plants that sialylate glycoproteins in α2,6- or α2,3-linkage were generated. 27444013 7 1 theme human 897:901 arg1 pathway 915:921 the human sialylation pathway 893:921 the human sialylation pathway 893:921 By the introduction of multigene vectors carrying the human sialylation pathway into glycosylation-destructed mutants, transgenic plants that sialylate glycoproteins in α2,6- or α2,3-linkage were generated. 27444013 5 2 theme structures 667:676 arg1 synthesis 643:651 the controlled in vivo synthesis 620:651 the controlled in vivo synthesis of sialylated structures with different interlinkages and degree of polymerization (DP) 620:739 Here, we describe a plant-based expression platform that enables the controlled in vivo synthesis of sialylated structures with different interlinkages and degree of polymerization (DP). 27444013 4 3 theme technological 403:415 arg1 hurdles 417:423 technological hurdles 403:423 technological hurdles in producing defined protein sialylation due to the enormous structural diversity 403:505 However, technological hurdles in producing defined protein sialylation due to the enormous structural diversity render their precise investigation a challenge. 27444013 5 4 theme plant-based 575:585 arg1 platform 598:605 a plant-based expression platform 573:605 a plant-based expression platform that enables the controlled in vivo synthesis of sialylated structures with different interlinkages and degree of polymerization (DP) 573:739 Here, we describe a plant-based expression platform that enables the controlled in vivo synthesis of sialylated structures with different interlinkages and degree of polymerization (DP). 27444013 8 5 theme transient 1067:1075 arg1 coexpression 1077:1088 the transient coexpression 1063:1088 the transient coexpression of human α2,8-polysialyltransferases 1063:1125 Moreover, by the transient coexpression of human α2,8-polysialyltransferases, polySia structures with a DP >40 were synthesized in these plants. 27444013 7 6 theme vectors 876:882 arg1 introduction 850:861 the introduction 846:861 the introduction of multigene vectors carrying the human sialylation pathway into glycosylation-destructed mutants 846:959 By the introduction of multigene vectors carrying the human sialylation pathway into glycosylation-destructed mutants, transgenic plants that sialylate glycoproteins in α2,6- or α2,3-linkage were generated. 27444013 7 7 gly glycoproteins 995:1007 arg1 glycoproteins 995:1007 glycoproteins 995:1007 glycoproteins 995:1007 By the introduction of multigene vectors carrying the human sialylation pathway into glycosylation-destructed mutants, transgenic plants that sialylate glycoproteins in α2,6- or α2,3-linkage were generated. 27444013 3 8 theme diverse 319:325 arg1 functions 338:346 diverse biological functions 319:346 diverse biological functions 319:346 Sia and polySia mediate diverse biological functions and have great potential for therapeutic use. 27444013 0 9 from Engineering 0:10 arg1 plants 46:51 plants 46:51 plants 46:51 Engineering of complex protein sialylation in plants. 27444013 5 10 theme expression 587:596 arg1 platform 598:605 a plant-based expression platform 573:605 a plant-based expression platform that enables the controlled in vivo synthesis of sialylated structures with different interlinkages and degree of polymerization (DP) 573:739 Here, we describe a plant-based expression platform that enables the controlled in vivo synthesis of sialylated structures with different interlinkages and degree of polymerization (DP). 27444013 1 11 theme Sialic 54:59 arg1 modifications 96:108 abundant terminal modifications 78:108 abundant terminal modifications of protein-linked glycans 78:134 Sialic acids (Sias) are abundant terminal modifications of protein-linked glycans. 27444013 1 11 theme Sialic 54:59 arg1 Sias 68:71 Sias 68:71 Sias 68:71 Sialic acids (Sias) are abundant terminal modifications of protein-linked glycans. 27444013 1 11 theme Sialic 54:59 arg1 acids 61:65 Sialic acids 54:65 Sialic acids (Sias) 54:72 Sialic acids (Sias) are abundant terminal modifications of protein-linked glycans. 27444013 1 12 theme terminal 87:94 arg1 modifications 96:108 abundant terminal modifications 78:108 abundant terminal modifications of protein-linked glycans 78:134 Sialic acids (Sias) are abundant terminal modifications of protein-linked glycans. 27444013 1 12 theme terminal 87:94 arg1 acids 61:65 Sialic acids 54:65 Sialic acids (Sias) 54:72 Sialic acids (Sias) are abundant terminal modifications of protein-linked glycans. 27444013 7 13 gly sialylate 985:993 arg1 glycoproteins 995:1007 glycoproteins 995:1007 glycoproteins 995:1007 By the introduction of multigene vectors carrying the human sialylation pathway into glycosylation-destructed mutants, transgenic plants that sialylate glycoproteins in α2,6- or α2,3-linkage were generated. 27444013 3 14 theme biological 327:336 arg1 functions 338:346 diverse biological functions 319:346 diverse biological functions 319:346 Sia and polySia mediate diverse biological functions and have great potential for therapeutic use. 27444013 5 15 theme sialylated 656:665 arg1 structures 667:676 sialylated structures 656:676 sialylated structures with different interlinkages and degree of polymerization (DP) 656:739 Here, we describe a plant-based expression platform that enables the controlled in vivo synthesis of sialylated structures with different interlinkages and degree of polymerization (DP). 27444013 6 16 theme plants 801:806 arg1 combination 767:777 a combination 765:777 a combination of stably transformed plants with transient expression modules 765:840 The approach relies on a combination of stably transformed plants with transient expression modules. 27444013 2 17 theme complex 255:261 arg1 form 263:266 its most complex form 246:266 its most complex form 246:266 A unique feature of Sia, compared with other monosaccharides, is the formation of linear homo-polymers, with its most complex form polysialic acid (polySia). 27444013 10 18 theme engineering 1359:1369 arg1 approach 1371:1378 This pathway engineering approach 1346:1378 This pathway engineering approach 1346:1378 This pathway engineering approach enables experimental investigations of defined sialylation and facilitates a rational design of glycan structures with optimized biotechnological functions. 27444013 2 19 theme unique 139:144 arg1 formation 206:214 the formation 202:214 the formation of linear homo-polymers, with its most complex form polysialic acid (polySia) 202:292 A unique feature of Sia, compared with other monosaccharides, is the formation of linear homo-polymers, with its most complex form polysialic acid (polySia). 27444013 2 19 theme unique 139:144 arg1 feature 146:152 A unique feature 137:152 A unique feature 137:152 A unique feature of Sia, compared with other monosaccharides, is the formation of linear homo-polymers, with its most complex form polysialic acid (polySia). 27444013 8 20 theme human 1093:1097 arg1 α2,8-polysialyltransferases 1099:1125 human α2,8-polysialyltransferases 1093:1125 human α2,8-polysialyltransferases 1093:1125 Moreover, by the transient coexpression of human α2,8-polysialyltransferases, polySia structures with a DP >40 were synthesized in these plants. 27444013 6 21 theme transformed 789:799 arg1 plants 801:806 stably transformed plants 782:806 stably transformed plants with transient expression modules 782:840 The approach relies on a combination of stably transformed plants with transient expression modules. 27444013 5 22 with structures 667:676 arg1 degree 711:716 degree 711:716 degree of polymerization (DP) 711:739 Here, we describe a plant-based expression platform that enables the controlled in vivo synthesis of sialylated structures with different interlinkages and degree of polymerization (DP). 27444013 5 22 with structures 667:676 arg1 interlinkages 693:705 different interlinkages 683:705 different interlinkages 683:705 Here, we describe a plant-based expression platform that enables the controlled in vivo synthesis of sialylated structures with different interlinkages and degree of polymerization (DP). 27444013 2 23 dep homo-polymers 226:238 arg1 acid 279:282 polysialic acid 268:282 polysialic acid (polySia) 268:292 A unique feature of Sia, compared with other monosaccharides, is the formation of linear homo-polymers, with its most complex form polysialic acid (polySia). 27444013 2 23 dep homo-polymers 226:238 arg1 polySia 285:291 polySia 285:291 polySia 285:291 A unique feature of Sia, compared with other monosaccharides, is the formation of linear homo-polymers, with its most complex form polysialic acid (polySia). 27444013 7 24 theme transgenic 962:971 arg1 plants 973:978 transgenic plants 962:978 transgenic plants that sialylate glycoproteins in α2,6- or α2,3-linkage 962:1032 By the introduction of multigene vectors carrying the human sialylation pathway into glycosylation-destructed mutants, transgenic plants that sialylate glycoproteins in α2,6- or α2,3-linkage were generated. 27444013 9 25 theme microglia 1324:1332 arg1 assay 1300:1304 a cell-based cytotoxicity assay 1274:1304 a cell-based cytotoxicity assay 1274:1304 Importantly, plant-derived polySia are functionally active, as demonstrated by a cell-based cytotoxicity assay and inhibition of microglia activation. 27444013 9 25 theme microglia 1324:1332 arg1 inhibition 1310:1319 inhibition 1310:1319 inhibition of microglia 1310:1332 Importantly, plant-derived polySia are functionally active, as demonstrated by a cell-based cytotoxicity assay and inhibition of microglia activation. 27444013 6 26 with plants 801:806 arg1 modules 834:840 transient expression modules 813:840 transient expression modules 813:840 The approach relies on a combination of stably transformed plants with transient expression modules. 27444013 5 27 theme controlled 624:633 arg1 synthesis 643:651 the controlled in vivo synthesis 620:651 the controlled in vivo synthesis of sialylated structures with different interlinkages and degree of polymerization (DP) 620:739 Here, we describe a plant-based expression platform that enables the controlled in vivo synthesis of sialylated structures with different interlinkages and degree of polymerization (DP). 27444013 8 28 with structures 1136:1145 arg1 >40 1157:1159 a DP >40 1152:1159 a DP >40 1152:1159 Moreover, by the transient coexpression of human α2,8-polysialyltransferases, polySia structures with a DP >40 were synthesized in these plants. 27444013 4 29 theme protein 446:452 arg1 sialylation 454:464 defined protein sialylation 438:464 defined protein sialylation 438:464 However, technological hurdles in producing defined protein sialylation due to the enormous structural diversity render their precise investigation a challenge. 27444013 5 30 gly sialylated 656:665 arg1 structures 667:676 sialylated structures 656:676 sialylated structures with different interlinkages and degree of polymerization (DP) 656:739 Here, we describe a plant-based expression platform that enables the controlled in vivo synthesis of sialylated structures with different interlinkages and degree of polymerization (DP). 27444013 3 31 theme great 357:361 arg1 potential 363:371 great potential 357:371 great potential for therapeutic use 357:391 Sia and polySia mediate diverse biological functions and have great potential for therapeutic use. 27444013 9 32 link plant-derived 1208:1220 arg1 polySia 1222:1228 plant-derived polySia 1208:1228 plant-derived polySia 1208:1228 Importantly, plant-derived polySia are functionally active, as demonstrated by a cell-based cytotoxicity assay and inhibition of microglia activation. 27444013 5 33 theme in 635:636 arg1 synthesis 643:651 the controlled in vivo synthesis 620:651 the controlled in vivo synthesis of sialylated structures with different interlinkages and degree of polymerization (DP) 620:739 Here, we describe a plant-based expression platform that enables the controlled in vivo synthesis of sialylated structures with different interlinkages and degree of polymerization (DP). 27444013 4 34 dep render 507:512 arg1 investigation 528:540 their precise investigation 514:540 their precise investigation 514:540 However, technological hurdles in producing defined protein sialylation due to the enormous structural diversity render their precise investigation a challenge. 27444013 0 35 theme protein 23:29 arg1 sialylation 31:41 complex protein sialylation 15:41 complex protein sialylation 15:41 Engineering of complex protein sialylation in plants. 27444013 10 36 theme pathway 1351:1357 arg1 approach 1371:1378 This pathway engineering approach 1346:1378 This pathway engineering approach 1346:1378 This pathway engineering approach enables experimental investigations of defined sialylation and facilitates a rational design of glycan structures with optimized biotechnological functions. 27444013 5 37 dep in 635:636 arg1 vivo 638:641 vivo 638:641 vivo 638:641 Here, we describe a plant-based expression platform that enables the controlled in vivo synthesis of sialylated structures with different interlinkages and degree of polymerization (DP). 27444013 3 38 contain have 352:355 arg1 Sia 295:297 Sia 295:297 Sia 295:297 Sia and polySia mediate diverse biological functions and have great potential for therapeutic use. 27444013 3 38 contain have 352:355 arg2 potential 363:371 great potential 357:371 great potential for therapeutic use 357:391 Sia and polySia mediate diverse biological functions and have great potential for therapeutic use. 27444013 1 39 theme abundant 78:85 arg1 modifications 96:108 abundant terminal modifications 78:108 abundant terminal modifications of protein-linked glycans 78:134 Sialic acids (Sias) are abundant terminal modifications of protein-linked glycans. 27444013 1 39 theme abundant 78:85 arg1 acids 61:65 Sialic acids 54:65 Sialic acids (Sias) 54:72 Sialic acids (Sias) are abundant terminal modifications of protein-linked glycans. 27444013 6 40 theme transient 813:821 arg1 modules 834:840 transient expression modules 813:840 transient expression modules 813:840 The approach relies on a combination of stably transformed plants with transient expression modules. 27444013 0 41 theme complex 15:21 arg1 sialylation 31:41 complex protein sialylation 15:41 complex protein sialylation 15:41 Engineering of complex protein sialylation in plants. 27444013 8 42 theme polySia 1128:1134 arg1 structures 1136:1145 polySia structures 1128:1145 polySia structures with a DP >40 1128:1159 Moreover, by the transient coexpression of human α2,8-polysialyltransferases, polySia structures with a DP >40 were synthesized in these plants. 27444013 9 43 theme cell-based 1276:1285 arg1 assay 1300:1304 a cell-based cytotoxicity assay 1274:1304 a cell-based cytotoxicity assay 1274:1304 Importantly, plant-derived polySia are functionally active, as demonstrated by a cell-based cytotoxicity assay and inhibition of microglia activation. 27444013 2 44 theme polysialic 268:277 arg1 acid 279:282 polysialic acid 268:282 polysialic acid (polySia) 268:292 A unique feature of Sia, compared with other monosaccharides, is the formation of linear homo-polymers, with its most complex form polysialic acid (polySia). 27444013 2 44 theme polysialic 268:277 arg1 polySia 285:291 polySia 285:291 polySia 285:291 A unique feature of Sia, compared with other monosaccharides, is the formation of linear homo-polymers, with its most complex form polysialic acid (polySia). 27444013 3 45 theme therapeutic 377:387 arg1 use 389:391 therapeutic use 377:391 therapeutic use 377:391 Sia and polySia mediate diverse biological functions and have great potential for therapeutic use. 27444013 7 46 theme multigene 866:874 arg1 vectors 876:882 multigene vectors 866:882 multigene vectors carrying the human sialylation pathway 866:921 By the introduction of multigene vectors carrying the human sialylation pathway into glycosylation-destructed mutants, transgenic plants that sialylate glycoproteins in α2,6- or α2,3-linkage were generated. 27444013 9 47 theme cytotoxicity 1287:1298 arg1 assay 1300:1304 a cell-based cytotoxicity assay 1274:1304 a cell-based cytotoxicity assay 1274:1304 Importantly, plant-derived polySia are functionally active, as demonstrated by a cell-based cytotoxicity assay and inhibition of microglia activation. 27444013 10 48 theme experimental 1388:1399 arg1 investigations 1401:1414 experimental investigations 1388:1414 experimental investigations of defined sialylation 1388:1437 This pathway engineering approach enables experimental investigations of defined sialylation and facilitates a rational design of glycan structures with optimized biotechnological functions. 27444013 0 49 theme sialylation 31:41 arg1 Engineering 0:10 Engineering 0:10 Engineering of complex protein sialylation in plants. 0:52 Engineering of complex protein sialylation in plants. 27444013 2 50 with homo-polymers 226:238 arg1 form 263:266 its most complex form 246:266 its most complex form 246:266 A unique feature of Sia, compared with other monosaccharides, is the formation of linear homo-polymers, with its most complex form polysialic acid (polySia). 27444013 5 51 theme polymerization 721:734 arg1 degree 711:716 degree 711:716 degree of polymerization (DP) 711:739 Here, we describe a plant-based expression platform that enables the controlled in vivo synthesis of sialylated structures with different interlinkages and degree of polymerization (DP). 27444013 5 51 theme polymerization 721:734 arg1 interlinkages 693:705 different interlinkages 683:705 different interlinkages 683:705 Here, we describe a plant-based expression platform that enables the controlled in vivo synthesis of sialylated structures with different interlinkages and degree of polymerization (DP). 27444013 2 52 theme Sia 157:159 arg1 formation 206:214 the formation 202:214 the formation of linear homo-polymers, with its most complex form polysialic acid (polySia) 202:292 A unique feature of Sia, compared with other monosaccharides, is the formation of linear homo-polymers, with its most complex form polysialic acid (polySia). 27444013 2 52 theme Sia 157:159 arg1 feature 146:152 A unique feature 137:152 A unique feature 137:152 A unique feature of Sia, compared with other monosaccharides, is the formation of linear homo-polymers, with its most complex form polysialic acid (polySia). 27444013 10 53 with design 1466:1471 arg1 functions 1526:1534 optimized biotechnological functions 1499:1534 optimized biotechnological functions 1499:1534 This pathway engineering approach enables experimental investigations of defined sialylation and facilitates a rational design of glycan structures with optimized biotechnological functions. 27444013 1 54 link protein-linked 113:126 arg1 glycans 128:134 protein-linked glycans 113:134 protein-linked glycans 113:134 Sialic acids (Sias) are abundant terminal modifications of protein-linked glycans. 27444013 10 55 theme sialylation 1427:1437 arg1 investigations 1401:1414 experimental investigations 1388:1414 experimental investigations of defined sialylation 1388:1437 This pathway engineering approach enables experimental investigations of defined sialylation and facilitates a rational design of glycan structures with optimized biotechnological functions. 27444013 4 56 theme structural 486:495 arg1 diversity 497:505 the enormous structural diversity 473:505 the enormous structural diversity 473:505 However, technological hurdles in producing defined protein sialylation due to the enormous structural diversity render their precise investigation a challenge. 27444013 8 57 theme DP 1154:1155 arg1 >40 1157:1159 a DP >40 1152:1159 a DP >40 1152:1159 Moreover, by the transient coexpression of human α2,8-polysialyltransferases, polySia structures with a DP >40 were synthesized in these plants. 27444013 10 58 theme biotechnological 1509:1524 arg1 functions 1526:1534 optimized biotechnological functions 1499:1534 optimized biotechnological functions 1499:1534 This pathway engineering approach enables experimental investigations of defined sialylation and facilitates a rational design of glycan structures with optimized biotechnological functions. 27444013 10 59 theme defined 1419:1425 arg1 sialylation 1427:1437 defined sialylation 1419:1437 defined sialylation 1419:1437 This pathway engineering approach enables experimental investigations of defined sialylation and facilitates a rational design of glycan structures with optimized biotechnological functions. 27444013 4 60 theme defined 438:444 arg1 sialylation 454:464 defined protein sialylation 438:464 defined protein sialylation 438:464 However, technological hurdles in producing defined protein sialylation due to the enormous structural diversity render their precise investigation a challenge. 27444013 4 61 theme precise 520:526 arg1 investigation 528:540 their precise investigation 514:540 their precise investigation 514:540 However, technological hurdles in producing defined protein sialylation due to the enormous structural diversity render their precise investigation a challenge. 27444013 5 62 theme different 683:691 arg1 interlinkages 693:705 different interlinkages 683:705 different interlinkages 683:705 Here, we describe a plant-based expression platform that enables the controlled in vivo synthesis of sialylated structures with different interlinkages and degree of polymerization (DP). 27444013 10 63 theme structures 1483:1492 arg1 design 1466:1471 a rational design 1455:1471 a rational design of glycan structures with optimized biotechnological functions 1455:1534 This pathway engineering approach enables experimental investigations of defined sialylation and facilitates a rational design of glycan structures with optimized biotechnological functions. 27444013 1 64 theme protein-linked 113:126 arg1 glycans 128:134 protein-linked glycans 113:134 protein-linked glycans 113:134 Sialic acids (Sias) are abundant terminal modifications of protein-linked glycans. 27444013 7 65 theme glycosylation-destructed 928:951 arg1 mutants 953:959 glycosylation-destructed mutants 928:959 glycosylation-destructed mutants 928:959 By the introduction of multigene vectors carrying the human sialylation pathway into glycosylation-destructed mutants, transgenic plants that sialylate glycoproteins in α2,6- or α2,3-linkage were generated. 27444013 9 66 dep assay 1300:1304 arg1 activation 1334:1343 activation 1334:1343 activation 1334:1343 Importantly, plant-derived polySia are functionally active, as demonstrated by a cell-based cytotoxicity assay and inhibition of microglia activation. 27444013 2 67 theme other 176:180 arg1 monosaccharides 182:196 other monosaccharides 176:196 other monosaccharides 176:196 A unique feature of Sia, compared with other monosaccharides, is the formation of linear homo-polymers, with its most complex form polysialic acid (polySia). 27444013 1 68 theme glycans 128:134 arg1 modifications 96:108 abundant terminal modifications 78:108 abundant terminal modifications of protein-linked glycans 78:134 Sialic acids (Sias) are abundant terminal modifications of protein-linked glycans. 27444013 1 68 theme glycans 128:134 arg1 acids 61:65 Sialic acids 54:65 Sialic acids (Sias) 54:72 Sialic acids (Sias) are abundant terminal modifications of protein-linked glycans. 27444013 7 69 theme sialylation 903:913 arg1 pathway 915:921 the human sialylation pathway 893:921 the human sialylation pathway 893:921 By the introduction of multigene vectors carrying the human sialylation pathway into glycosylation-destructed mutants, transgenic plants that sialylate glycoproteins in α2,6- or α2,3-linkage were generated. 27444013 8 70 theme α2,8-polysialyltransferases 1099:1125 arg1 coexpression 1077:1088 the transient coexpression 1063:1088 the transient coexpression of human α2,8-polysialyltransferases 1063:1125 Moreover, by the transient coexpression of human α2,8-polysialyltransferases, polySia structures with a DP >40 were synthesized in these plants. 27444013 6 71 theme expression 823:832 arg1 modules 834:840 transient expression modules 813:840 transient expression modules 813:840 The approach relies on a combination of stably transformed plants with transient expression modules. 27444013 2 72 theme homo-polymers 226:238 arg1 formation 206:214 the formation 202:214 the formation of linear homo-polymers, with its most complex form polysialic acid (polySia) 202:292 A unique feature of Sia, compared with other monosaccharides, is the formation of linear homo-polymers, with its most complex form polysialic acid (polySia). 27444013 2 72 theme homo-polymers 226:238 arg1 feature 146:152 A unique feature 137:152 A unique feature 137:152 A unique feature of Sia, compared with other monosaccharides, is the formation of linear homo-polymers, with its most complex form polysialic acid (polySia). 27444013 10 73 theme rational 1457:1464 arg1 design 1466:1471 a rational design 1455:1471 a rational design of glycan structures with optimized biotechnological functions 1455:1534 This pathway engineering approach enables experimental investigations of defined sialylation and facilitates a rational design of glycan structures with optimized biotechnological functions. 27444013 10 74 theme glycan 1476:1481 arg1 structures 1483:1492 glycan structures 1476:1492 glycan structures 1476:1492 This pathway engineering approach enables experimental investigations of defined sialylation and facilitates a rational design of glycan structures with optimized biotechnological functions. 27444013 10 75 theme optimized 1499:1507 arg1 functions 1526:1534 optimized biotechnological functions 1499:1534 optimized biotechnological functions 1499:1534 This pathway engineering approach enables experimental investigations of defined sialylation and facilitates a rational design of glycan structures with optimized biotechnological functions. 27444013 4 76 theme enormous 477:484 arg1 diversity 497:505 the enormous structural diversity 473:505 the enormous structural diversity 473:505 However, technological hurdles in producing defined protein sialylation due to the enormous structural diversity render their precise investigation a challenge. 27444013 2 77 theme linear 219:224 arg1 homo-polymers 226:238 linear homo-polymers 219:238 linear homo-polymers 219:238 A unique feature of Sia, compared with other monosaccharides, is the formation of linear homo-polymers, with its most complex form polysialic acid (polySia). 27444013 9 78 theme plant-derived 1208:1220 arg1 polySia 1222:1228 plant-derived polySia 1208:1228 plant-derived polySia 1208:1228 Importantly, plant-derived polySia are functionally active, as demonstrated by a cell-based cytotoxicity assay and inhibition of microglia activation. 24623695 7 0 theme branching 1564:1572 arg1 details 1587:1593 the branching and sequence details 1560:1593 details 1587:1593 Information regarding the branching and sequence details was obtained by ESI-MS(n) experiments after sample permethylation. 24623695 6 1 theme GC/MS 1519:1523 arg1 experiments 1525:1535 GC/MS experiments 1519:1535 GC/MS experiments 1519:1535 The monosaccharide composition and some linkage information were determined by GC/MS experiments. 24623695 8 2 theme collision 1718:1726 arg1 sections 1734:1741 different collision cross sections 1708:1741 different collision cross sections 1708:1741 The presence of structural isomeric ions with different collision cross sections was evidenced by IM-MS which could be differentiated using ESI-MS(n). 24623695 9 3 dep nindensis 1993:2001 arg1 tef 2010:2012 tef 2010:2012 tef 2010:2012 CONCLUSIONS We have shown that an orthogonal approach, and especially IM-MS associated to ESI-MS(n) (n = 2 to 4) and GC/MS allowed characterization of arabinoxylan fragments of E. nindensis and E. tef and revealed the presence of isomeric structures. 24623695 10 4 theme relative 2147:2154 arg1 abundance 2156:2164 different relative abundance 2137:2164 different relative abundance 2137:2164 The same arabinoxylan structures were identified for both species but in different relative abundance. 24623695 3 5 theme structural 521:530 arg1 characterization 532:547 the structural characterization 517:547 the structural characterization of arabinoxylans from desiccation-tolerant grass Eragrostis nindensis (E. nindensis) 517:632 For this purpose, the structural characterization of arabinoxylans from desiccation-tolerant grass Eragrostis nindensis (E. nindensis) was compared with its close relative, the desiccation-sensitive Eragrostis tef (E. tef) in order to further understand mechansism of desiccation tolerance in resurrection plants. 24623695 3 6 dep nindensis 609:617 arg1 nindensis 623:631 E. nindensis 620:631 E. nindensis 620:631 For this purpose, the structural characterization of arabinoxylans from desiccation-tolerant grass Eragrostis nindensis (E. nindensis) was compared with its close relative, the desiccation-sensitive Eragrostis tef (E. tef) in order to further understand mechansism of desiccation tolerance in resurrection plants. 24623695 3 7 theme grass 592:596 arg1 nindensis 609:617 desiccation-tolerant grass Eragrostis nindensis 571:617 desiccation-tolerant grass Eragrostis nindensis (E. nindensis) 571:632 For this purpose, the structural characterization of arabinoxylans from desiccation-tolerant grass Eragrostis nindensis (E. nindensis) was compared with its close relative, the desiccation-sensitive Eragrostis tef (E. tef) in order to further understand mechansism of desiccation tolerance in resurrection plants. 24623695 1 8 theme main 201:204 arg1 components 206:215 the main components 197:215 the main components of plant cell walls 197:235 RATIONALE The arabinoxylans are one of the main components of plant cell walls and are known to play major roles in plant tissues properties depending in particular on their structural features. 24623695 5 9 dep RESULTS 1294:1300 arg1 showed 1344:1349 showed 1344:1349 showed the presence of various arabinoxylan fragments within leaves of E. nindensis and E. tef 1344:1437 RESULTS Whole fingerprinting by MALDI-MS analysis showed the presence of various arabinoxylan fragments within leaves of E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 0 10 theme mass 130:133 arg1 methods 149:155 various mass spectrometric methods 122:155 various mass spectrometric methods 122:155 Structural characterization of arabinoxylans from two African plant species Eragrostis nindensis and Eragrostis tef using various mass spectrometric methods. 24623695 8 11 with ions 1698:1701 arg1 sections 1734:1741 different collision cross sections 1708:1741 different collision cross sections 1708:1741 The presence of structural isomeric ions with different collision cross sections was evidenced by IM-MS which could be differentiated using ESI-MS(n). 24623695 4 12 theme matrix-assisted 962:976 arg1 MALDI-MS 1025:1032 MALDI-MS 1025:1032 MALDI-MS 1025:1032 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 4 12 theme matrix-assisted 962:976 arg1 spectrometry 1011:1022 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry 962:1022 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) 962:1033 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 9 13 theme fragments 1977:1985 arg1 characterization 1944:1959 characterization 1944:1959 characterization of arabinoxylan fragments of E. nindensis and E. tef 1944:2012 CONCLUSIONS We have shown that an orthogonal approach, and especially IM-MS associated to ESI-MS(n) (n = 2 to 4) and GC/MS allowed characterization of arabinoxylan fragments of E. nindensis and E. tef and revealed the presence of isomeric structures. 24623695 1 14 theme cell 226:229 arg1 walls 231:235 plant cell walls 220:235 plant cell walls 220:235 RATIONALE The arabinoxylans are one of the main components of plant cell walls and are known to play major roles in plant tissues properties depending in particular on their structural features. 24623695 4 15 theme conventional 908:919 arg1 spectrometry 1136:1147 gas chromatography/mass spectrometry 1112:1147 gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) 1112:1155 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 4 15 theme conventional 908:919 arg1 spectrometry 1083:1094 electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry 1036:1094 electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) 1036:1106 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 4 15 theme conventional 908:919 arg1 spectrometry 1011:1022 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry 962:1022 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) 962:1033 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 4 15 theme conventional 908:919 arg1 approaches 940:949 the conventional mass spectrometric approaches 904:949 the conventional mass spectrometric approaches 904:949 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 0 16 from species 68:74 arg1 arabinoxylans 31:43 arabinoxylans 31:43 arabinoxylans from two African plant species Eragrostis nindensis and Eragrostis tef 31:114 Structural characterization of arabinoxylans from two African plant species Eragrostis nindensis and Eragrostis tef using various mass spectrometric methods. 24623695 0 16 from species 68:74 arg1 characterization 11:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization of arabinoxylans from two African plant species Eragrostis nindensis and Eragrostis tef 0:114 Structural characterization of arabinoxylans from two African plant species Eragrostis nindensis and Eragrostis tef using various mass spectrometric methods. 24623695 3 17 theme desiccation 767:777 arg1 tolerance 779:787 desiccation tolerance 767:787 desiccation tolerance 767:787 For this purpose, the structural characterization of arabinoxylans from desiccation-tolerant grass Eragrostis nindensis (E. nindensis) was compared with its close relative, the desiccation-sensitive Eragrostis tef (E. tef) in order to further understand mechansism of desiccation tolerance in resurrection plants. 24623695 4 18 theme spectrometric 926:938 arg1 spectrometry 1136:1147 gas chromatography/mass spectrometry 1112:1147 gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) 1112:1155 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 4 18 theme spectrometric 926:938 arg1 spectrometry 1083:1094 electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry 1036:1094 electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) 1036:1106 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 4 18 theme spectrometric 926:938 arg1 spectrometry 1011:1022 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry 962:1022 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) 962:1033 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 4 18 theme spectrometric 926:938 arg1 approaches 940:949 the conventional mass spectrometric approaches 904:949 the conventional mass spectrometric approaches 904:949 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 9 19 theme E. 2007:2008 arg1 fragments 1977:1985 arabinoxylan fragments 1964:1985 arabinoxylan fragments of E. nindensis and E. tef 1964:2012 CONCLUSIONS We have shown that an orthogonal approach, and especially IM-MS associated to ESI-MS(n) (n = 2 to 4) and GC/MS allowed characterization of arabinoxylan fragments of E. nindensis and E. tef and revealed the presence of isomeric structures. 24623695 5 20 theme MALDI-MS 1326:1333 arg1 analysis 1335:1342 MALDI-MS analysis 1326:1342 MALDI-MS analysis 1326:1342 RESULTS Whole fingerprinting by MALDI-MS analysis showed the presence of various arabinoxylan fragments within leaves of E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 4 21 dep METHODS 813:819 arg1 spectrometry 834:845 Ion mobility spectrometry 821:845 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), 813:1156 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 2 22 theme wall 481:484 arg1 composition 486:496 cell wall composition 476:496 cell wall composition 476:496 It has been recently shown that one of the strategies developed by resurrection plants to overcome dehydration is based on cell wall composition. 24623695 1 23 dep properties 288:297 arg1 particular 312:321 particular 312:321 particular 312:321 RATIONALE The arabinoxylans are one of the main components of plant cell walls and are known to play major roles in plant tissues properties depending in particular on their structural features. 24623695 1 23 dep properties 288:297 arg1 depending 299:307 depending 299:307 depending 299:307 RATIONALE The arabinoxylans are one of the main components of plant cell walls and are known to play major roles in plant tissues properties depending in particular on their structural features. 24623695 10 24 theme same 2068:2071 arg1 structures 2086:2095 The same arabinoxylan structures 2064:2095 The same arabinoxylan structures 2064:2095 The same arabinoxylan structures were identified for both species but in different relative abundance. 24623695 4 25 theme desorption 984:993 arg1 MALDI-MS 1025:1032 MALDI-MS 1025:1032 MALDI-MS 1025:1032 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 4 25 theme desorption 984:993 arg1 spectrometry 1011:1022 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry 962:1022 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) 962:1033 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 0 26 theme Eragrostis 101:110 arg1 tef 112:114 Eragrostis tef 101:114 Eragrostis tef 101:114 Structural characterization of arabinoxylans from two African plant species Eragrostis nindensis and Eragrostis tef using various mass spectrometric methods. 24623695 0 26 theme Eragrostis 101:110 arg1 species 68:74 two African plant species Eragrostis nindensis and Eragrostis tef 50:114 two African plant species Eragrostis nindensis and Eragrostis tef 50:114 Structural characterization of arabinoxylans from two African plant species Eragrostis nindensis and Eragrostis tef using various mass spectrometric methods. 24623695 4 27 theme mass 1006:1009 arg1 MALDI-MS 1025:1032 MALDI-MS 1025:1032 MALDI-MS 1025:1032 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 4 27 theme mass 1006:1009 arg1 spectrometry 1011:1022 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry 962:1022 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) 962:1033 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 4 28 theme E. 1286:1287 arg1 tef 1289:1291 E. tef 1286:1291 E. tef 1286:1291 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 5 29 theme fragments 1388:1396 arg1 presence 1355:1362 the presence 1351:1362 the presence of various arabinoxylan fragments within leaves of E. nindensis and E. tef 1351:1437 RESULTS Whole fingerprinting by MALDI-MS analysis showed the presence of various arabinoxylan fragments within leaves of E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 4 30 from spectrometry 863:874 arg1 combination 887:897 combination 887:897 combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), 887:1156 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 4 31 from nindensis 1272:1280 arg1 extracts 1255:1262 extracts 1255:1262 extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef 1255:1291 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 4 32 theme mass 1078:1081 arg1 ESI-MS 1097:1102 ESI-MS 1097:1102 ESI-MS(n) 1097:1105 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 4 32 theme mass 1078:1081 arg1 spectrometry 1083:1094 electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry 1036:1094 electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) 1036:1106 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 3 33 from mechansism 753:762 arg1 plants 805:810 resurrection plants 792:810 resurrection plants 792:810 For this purpose, the structural characterization of arabinoxylans from desiccation-tolerant grass Eragrostis nindensis (E. nindensis) was compared with its close relative, the desiccation-sensitive Eragrostis tef (E. tef) in order to further understand mechansism of desiccation tolerance in resurrection plants. 24623695 0 34 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 characterization 11:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization of arabinoxylans from two African plant species Eragrostis nindensis and Eragrostis tef 0:114 Structural characterization of arabinoxylans from two African plant species Eragrostis nindensis and Eragrostis tef using various mass spectrometric methods. 24623695 9 35 dep = 1916:1916 arg1 4 1923:1923 4 1923:1923 4 1923:1923 CONCLUSIONS We have shown that an orthogonal approach, and especially IM-MS associated to ESI-MS(n) (n = 2 to 4) and GC/MS allowed characterization of arabinoxylan fragments of E. nindensis and E. tef and revealed the presence of isomeric structures. 24623695 5 36 dep nindensis 1418:1426 arg1 tef 1435:1437 tef 1435:1437 tef 1435:1437 RESULTS Whole fingerprinting by MALDI-MS analysis showed the presence of various arabinoxylan fragments within leaves of E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 1 37 dep RATIONALE 158:166 arg1 arabinoxylans 172:184 The arabinoxylans 168:184 RATIONALE The arabinoxylans 158:184 RATIONALE The arabinoxylans are one of the main components of plant cell walls and are known to play major roles in plant tissues properties depending in particular on their structural features. 24623695 3 38 from nindensis 609:617 arg1 characterization 532:547 the structural characterization 517:547 the structural characterization of arabinoxylans from desiccation-tolerant grass Eragrostis nindensis (E. nindensis) 517:632 For this purpose, the structural characterization of arabinoxylans from desiccation-tolerant grass Eragrostis nindensis (E. nindensis) was compared with its close relative, the desiccation-sensitive Eragrostis tef (E. tef) in order to further understand mechansism of desiccation tolerance in resurrection plants. 24623695 3 38 from nindensis 609:617 arg1 arabinoxylans 552:564 arabinoxylans 552:564 arabinoxylans from desiccation-tolerant grass Eragrostis nindensis (E. nindensis) 552:632 For this purpose, the structural characterization of arabinoxylans from desiccation-tolerant grass Eragrostis nindensis (E. nindensis) was compared with its close relative, the desiccation-sensitive Eragrostis tef (E. tef) in order to further understand mechansism of desiccation tolerance in resurrection plants. 24623695 6 39 theme linkage 1480:1486 arg1 information 1488:1498 some linkage information 1475:1498 some linkage information 1475:1498 The monosaccharide composition and some linkage information were determined by GC/MS experiments. 24623695 7 40 theme ESI-MS 1611:1616 arg1 experiments 1621:1631 ESI-MS(n) experiments 1611:1631 ESI-MS(n) experiments 1611:1631 Information regarding the branching and sequence details was obtained by ESI-MS(n) experiments after sample permethylation. 24623695 0 41 dep species 68:74 arg1 nindensis 87:95 Eragrostis nindensis 76:95 Eragrostis nindensis 76:95 Structural characterization of arabinoxylans from two African plant species Eragrostis nindensis and Eragrostis tef using various mass spectrometric methods. 24623695 0 41 dep species 68:74 arg1 tef 112:114 Eragrostis tef 101:114 Eragrostis tef 101:114 Structural characterization of arabinoxylans from two African plant species Eragrostis nindensis and Eragrostis tef using various mass spectrometric methods. 24623695 0 41 dep species 68:74 arg1 species 68:74 two African plant species Eragrostis nindensis and Eragrostis tef 50:114 two African plant species Eragrostis nindensis and Eragrostis tef 50:114 Structural characterization of arabinoxylans from two African plant species Eragrostis nindensis and Eragrostis tef using various mass spectrometric methods. 24623695 4 42 theme electrospray 1036:1047 arg1 ESI-MS 1097:1102 ESI-MS 1097:1102 ESI-MS(n) 1097:1105 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 4 42 theme electrospray 1036:1047 arg1 spectrometry 1083:1094 electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry 1036:1094 electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) 1036:1106 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 11 43 theme arabinoxylan 2345:2356 arg1 characterization 2369:2384 arabinoxylan structural characterization 2345:2384 arabinoxylan structural characterization 2345:2384 Moreover, this work illustrated that IM-MS can efficiently separate isomeric structures and advantageously complements the conventional mass spectrometric methodologies used for arabinoxylan structural characterization. 24623695 5 44 theme various 1367:1373 arg1 fragments 1388:1396 various arabinoxylan fragments 1367:1396 various arabinoxylan fragments 1367:1396 RESULTS Whole fingerprinting by MALDI-MS analysis showed the presence of various arabinoxylan fragments within leaves of E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 2 45 theme strategies 396:405 arg1 one 385:387 one 385:387 one 385:387 It has been recently shown that one of the strategies developed by resurrection plants to overcome dehydration is based on cell wall composition. 24623695 2 45 theme strategies 396:405 arg1 strategies 396:405 the strategies 392:405 the strategies developed by resurrection plants to overcome dehydration 392:462 It has been recently shown that one of the strategies developed by resurrection plants to overcome dehydration is based on cell wall composition. 24623695 4 46 theme multistage 1060:1069 arg1 ESI-MS 1097:1102 ESI-MS 1097:1102 ESI-MS(n) 1097:1105 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 4 46 theme multistage 1060:1069 arg1 spectrometry 1083:1094 electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry 1036:1094 electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) 1036:1106 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 0 47 theme African 54:60 arg1 nindensis 87:95 Eragrostis nindensis 76:95 Eragrostis nindensis 76:95 Structural characterization of arabinoxylans from two African plant species Eragrostis nindensis and Eragrostis tef using various mass spectrometric methods. 24623695 0 47 theme African 54:60 arg1 tef 112:114 Eragrostis tef 101:114 Eragrostis tef 101:114 Structural characterization of arabinoxylans from two African plant species Eragrostis nindensis and Eragrostis tef using various mass spectrometric methods. 24623695 0 47 theme African 54:60 arg1 species 68:74 two African plant species Eragrostis nindensis and Eragrostis tef 50:114 two African plant species Eragrostis nindensis and Eragrostis tef 50:114 Structural characterization of arabinoxylans from two African plant species Eragrostis nindensis and Eragrostis tef using various mass spectrometric methods. 24623695 3 48 theme Eragrostis 698:707 arg1 tef 709:711 the desiccation-sensitive Eragrostis tef 672:711 the desiccation-sensitive Eragrostis tef (E. tef) 672:720 For this purpose, the structural characterization of arabinoxylans from desiccation-tolerant grass Eragrostis nindensis (E. nindensis) was compared with its close relative, the desiccation-sensitive Eragrostis tef (E. tef) in order to further understand mechansism of desiccation tolerance in resurrection plants. 24623695 3 48 theme Eragrostis 698:707 arg1 tef 717:719 E. tef 714:719 E. tef 714:719 For this purpose, the structural characterization of arabinoxylans from desiccation-tolerant grass Eragrostis nindensis (E. nindensis) was compared with its close relative, the desiccation-sensitive Eragrostis tef (E. tef) in order to further understand mechansism of desiccation tolerance in resurrection plants. 24623695 3 48 theme Eragrostis 698:707 arg1 relative 662:669 its close relative 652:669 its close relative 652:669 For this purpose, the structural characterization of arabinoxylans from desiccation-tolerant grass Eragrostis nindensis (E. nindensis) was compared with its close relative, the desiccation-sensitive Eragrostis tef (E. tef) in order to further understand mechansism of desiccation tolerance in resurrection plants. 24623695 8 49 theme cross 1728:1732 arg1 sections 1734:1741 different collision cross sections 1708:1741 different collision cross sections 1708:1741 The presence of structural isomeric ions with different collision cross sections was evidenced by IM-MS which could be differentiated using ESI-MS(n). 24623695 1 50 theme walls 231:235 arg1 components 206:215 the main components 197:215 the main components of plant cell walls 197:235 RATIONALE The arabinoxylans are one of the main components of plant cell walls and are known to play major roles in plant tissues properties depending in particular on their structural features. 24623695 4 51 theme chromatography/mass 1116:1134 arg1 GC/MS 1150:1154 GC/MS 1150:1154 GC/MS 1150:1154 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 4 51 theme chromatography/mass 1116:1134 arg1 spectrometry 1136:1147 gas chromatography/mass spectrometry 1112:1147 gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) 1112:1155 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 4 52 theme Ion 821:823 arg1 spectrometry 834:845 Ion mobility spectrometry 821:845 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), 813:1156 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 4 53 dep leave 1249:1253 arg1 of 1246:1247 of 1246:1247 of 1246:1247 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 9 54 theme = 1916:1916 arg1 n 1914:1914 n 1914:1914 n = 2 to 4 1914:1923 CONCLUSIONS We have shown that an orthogonal approach, and especially IM-MS associated to ESI-MS(n) (n = 2 to 4) and GC/MS allowed characterization of arabinoxylan fragments of E. nindensis and E. tef and revealed the presence of isomeric structures. 24623695 8 55 theme structural 1678:1687 arg1 ions 1698:1701 structural isomeric ions 1678:1701 structural isomeric ions with different collision cross sections 1678:1741 The presence of structural isomeric ions with different collision cross sections was evidenced by IM-MS which could be differentiated using ESI-MS(n). 24623695 3 56 dep understand 742:751 arg1 to 731:732 to 731:732 to 731:732 For this purpose, the structural characterization of arabinoxylans from desiccation-tolerant grass Eragrostis nindensis (E. nindensis) was compared with its close relative, the desiccation-sensitive Eragrostis tef (E. tef) in order to further understand mechansism of desiccation tolerance in resurrection plants. 24623695 8 57 theme ions 1698:1701 arg1 presence 1666:1673 The presence 1662:1673 The presence of structural isomeric ions with different collision cross sections 1662:1741 The presence of structural isomeric ions with different collision cross sections was evidenced by IM-MS which could be differentiated using ESI-MS(n). 24623695 1 58 theme major 259:263 arg1 roles 265:269 major roles 259:269 major roles 259:269 RATIONALE The arabinoxylans are one of the main components of plant cell walls and are known to play major roles in plant tissues properties depending in particular on their structural features. 24623695 8 59 theme different 1708:1716 arg1 sections 1734:1741 different collision cross sections 1708:1741 different collision cross sections 1708:1741 The presence of structural isomeric ions with different collision cross sections was evidenced by IM-MS which could be differentiated using ESI-MS(n). 24623695 9 60 dep ESI-MS 1903:1908 arg1 n 1914:1914 n 1914:1914 n = 2 to 4 1914:1923 CONCLUSIONS We have shown that an orthogonal approach, and especially IM-MS associated to ESI-MS(n) (n = 2 to 4) and GC/MS allowed characterization of arabinoxylan fragments of E. nindensis and E. tef and revealed the presence of isomeric structures. 24623695 6 61 theme monosaccharide 1444:1457 arg1 composition 1459:1469 The monosaccharide composition 1440:1469 The monosaccharide composition 1440:1469 The monosaccharide composition and some linkage information were determined by GC/MS experiments. 24623695 4 62 theme mass 858:861 arg1 IM-MS 877:881 IM-MS 877:881 IM-MS 877:881 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 4 62 theme mass 858:861 arg1 spectrometry 863:874 mass spectrometry 858:874 mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), 858:1156 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 10 63 theme different 2137:2145 arg1 abundance 2156:2164 different relative abundance 2137:2164 different relative abundance 2137:2164 The same arabinoxylan structures were identified for both species but in different relative abundance. 24623695 3 64 theme desiccation-tolerant 571:590 arg1 nindensis 609:617 desiccation-tolerant grass Eragrostis nindensis 571:617 desiccation-tolerant grass Eragrostis nindensis (E. nindensis) 571:632 For this purpose, the structural characterization of arabinoxylans from desiccation-tolerant grass Eragrostis nindensis (E. nindensis) was compared with its close relative, the desiccation-sensitive Eragrostis tef (E. tef) in order to further understand mechansism of desiccation tolerance in resurrection plants. 24623695 0 65 theme spectrometric 135:147 arg1 methods 149:155 various mass spectrometric methods 122:155 various mass spectrometric methods 122:155 Structural characterization of arabinoxylans from two African plant species Eragrostis nindensis and Eragrostis tef using various mass spectrometric methods. 24623695 3 66 theme arabinoxylans 552:564 arg1 characterization 532:547 the structural characterization 517:547 the structural characterization of arabinoxylans from desiccation-tolerant grass Eragrostis nindensis (E. nindensis) 517:632 For this purpose, the structural characterization of arabinoxylans from desiccation-tolerant grass Eragrostis nindensis (E. nindensis) was compared with its close relative, the desiccation-sensitive Eragrostis tef (E. tef) in order to further understand mechansism of desiccation tolerance in resurrection plants. 24623695 4 67 dep digestion 1236:1244 arg1 leave 1249:1253 leave 1249:1253 leave 1249:1253 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 1 68 theme components 206:215 arg1 one 190:192 one 190:192 one 190:192 RATIONALE The arabinoxylans are one of the main components of plant cell walls and are known to play major roles in plant tissues properties depending in particular on their structural features. 24623695 1 68 theme components 206:215 arg1 components 206:215 the main components 197:215 the main components of plant cell walls 197:235 RATIONALE The arabinoxylans are one of the main components of plant cell walls and are known to play major roles in plant tissues properties depending in particular on their structural features. 24623695 9 69 theme arabinoxylan 1964:1975 arg1 fragments 1977:1985 arabinoxylan fragments 1964:1985 arabinoxylan fragments of E. nindensis and E. tef 1964:2012 CONCLUSIONS We have shown that an orthogonal approach, and especially IM-MS associated to ESI-MS(n) (n = 2 to 4) and GC/MS allowed characterization of arabinoxylan fragments of E. nindensis and E. tef and revealed the presence of isomeric structures. 24623695 9 70 dep CONCLUSIONS 1813:1823 arg1 shown 1833:1837 shown 1833:1837 have shown that an orthogonal approach, and especially IM-MS associated to ESI-MS(n) (n = 2 to 4) and GC/MS allowed characterization of arabinoxylan fragments of E. nindensis and E. tef and revealed the presence of isomeric structures 1828:2061 CONCLUSIONS We have shown that an orthogonal approach, and especially IM-MS associated to ESI-MS(n) (n = 2 to 4) and GC/MS allowed characterization of arabinoxylan fragments of E. nindensis and E. tef and revealed the presence of isomeric structures. 24623695 5 71 theme Whole 1302:1306 arg1 fingerprinting 1308:1321 Whole fingerprinting 1302:1321 Whole fingerprinting by MALDI-MS analysis 1302:1342 RESULTS Whole fingerprinting by MALDI-MS analysis showed the presence of various arabinoxylan fragments within leaves of E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 1 72 theme plant 220:224 arg1 walls 231:235 plant cell walls 220:235 plant cell walls 220:235 RATIONALE The arabinoxylans are one of the main components of plant cell walls and are known to play major roles in plant tissues properties depending in particular on their structural features. 24623695 4 73 theme endo-xylanase 1222:1234 arg1 digestion 1236:1244 endo-xylanase digestion 1222:1244 endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef 1222:1291 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 3 74 theme resurrection 792:803 arg1 plants 805:810 resurrection plants 792:810 resurrection plants 792:810 For this purpose, the structural characterization of arabinoxylans from desiccation-tolerant grass Eragrostis nindensis (E. nindensis) was compared with its close relative, the desiccation-sensitive Eragrostis tef (E. tef) in order to further understand mechansism of desiccation tolerance in resurrection plants. 24623695 3 75 theme Eragrostis 598:607 arg1 nindensis 609:617 desiccation-tolerant grass Eragrostis nindensis 571:617 desiccation-tolerant grass Eragrostis nindensis (E. nindensis) 571:632 For this purpose, the structural characterization of arabinoxylans from desiccation-tolerant grass Eragrostis nindensis (E. nindensis) was compared with its close relative, the desiccation-sensitive Eragrostis tef (E. tef) in order to further understand mechansism of desiccation tolerance in resurrection plants. 24623695 9 76 theme nindensis 1993:2001 arg1 fragments 1977:1985 arabinoxylan fragments 1964:1985 arabinoxylan fragments of E. nindensis and E. tef 1964:2012 CONCLUSIONS We have shown that an orthogonal approach, and especially IM-MS associated to ESI-MS(n) (n = 2 to 4) and GC/MS allowed characterization of arabinoxylan fragments of E. nindensis and E. tef and revealed the presence of isomeric structures. 24623695 3 77 theme tolerance 779:787 arg1 mechansism 753:762 mechansism 753:762 mechansism of desiccation tolerance in resurrection plants 753:810 For this purpose, the structural characterization of arabinoxylans from desiccation-tolerant grass Eragrostis nindensis (E. nindensis) was compared with its close relative, the desiccation-sensitive Eragrostis tef (E. tef) in order to further understand mechansism of desiccation tolerance in resurrection plants. 24623695 4 78 with combination 887:897 arg1 spectrometry 1136:1147 gas chromatography/mass spectrometry 1112:1147 gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) 1112:1155 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 4 78 with combination 887:897 arg1 spectrometry 1083:1094 electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry 1036:1094 electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) 1036:1106 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 4 78 with combination 887:897 arg1 spectrometry 1011:1022 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry 962:1022 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) 962:1033 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 4 78 with combination 887:897 arg1 approaches 940:949 the conventional mass spectrometric approaches 904:949 the conventional mass spectrometric approaches 904:949 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 4 79 theme mass 921:924 arg1 spectrometry 1136:1147 gas chromatography/mass spectrometry 1112:1147 gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) 1112:1155 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 4 79 theme mass 921:924 arg1 spectrometry 1083:1094 electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry 1036:1094 electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) 1036:1106 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 4 79 theme mass 921:924 arg1 spectrometry 1011:1022 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry 962:1022 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) 962:1033 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 4 79 theme mass 921:924 arg1 approaches 940:949 the conventional mass spectrometric approaches 904:949 the conventional mass spectrometric approaches 904:949 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 4 80 theme arabinoxylan 1184:1195 arg1 fragments 1197:1205 arabinoxylan fragments 1184:1205 arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef 1184:1291 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 0 81 theme Eragrostis 76:85 arg1 nindensis 87:95 Eragrostis nindensis 76:95 Eragrostis nindensis 76:95 Structural characterization of arabinoxylans from two African plant species Eragrostis nindensis and Eragrostis tef using various mass spectrometric methods. 24623695 0 81 theme Eragrostis 76:85 arg1 species 68:74 two African plant species Eragrostis nindensis and Eragrostis tef 50:114 two African plant species Eragrostis nindensis and Eragrostis tef 50:114 Structural characterization of arabinoxylans from two African plant species Eragrostis nindensis and Eragrostis tef using various mass spectrometric methods. 24623695 7 82 theme sample 1639:1644 arg1 permethylation 1646:1659 sample permethylation 1639:1659 sample permethylation 1639:1659 Information regarding the branching and sequence details was obtained by ESI-MS(n) experiments after sample permethylation. 24623695 1 83 theme structural 332:341 arg1 features 343:350 their structural features 326:350 their structural features 326:350 RATIONALE The arabinoxylans are one of the main components of plant cell walls and are known to play major roles in plant tissues properties depending in particular on their structural features. 24623695 2 84 theme cell 476:479 arg1 composition 486:496 cell wall composition 476:496 cell wall composition 476:496 It has been recently shown that one of the strategies developed by resurrection plants to overcome dehydration is based on cell wall composition. 24623695 0 85 from characterization 11:26 arg1 nindensis 87:95 Eragrostis nindensis 76:95 Eragrostis nindensis 76:95 Structural characterization of arabinoxylans from two African plant species Eragrostis nindensis and Eragrostis tef using various mass spectrometric methods. 24623695 0 85 from characterization 11:26 arg1 tef 112:114 Eragrostis tef 101:114 Eragrostis tef 101:114 Structural characterization of arabinoxylans from two African plant species Eragrostis nindensis and Eragrostis tef using various mass spectrometric methods. 24623695 0 85 from characterization 11:26 arg1 species 68:74 two African plant species Eragrostis nindensis and Eragrostis tef 50:114 two African plant species Eragrostis nindensis and Eragrostis tef 50:114 Structural characterization of arabinoxylans from two African plant species Eragrostis nindensis and Eragrostis tef using various mass spectrometric methods. 24623695 3 86 from characterization 532:547 arg1 nindensis 609:617 desiccation-tolerant grass Eragrostis nindensis 571:617 desiccation-tolerant grass Eragrostis nindensis (E. nindensis) 571:632 For this purpose, the structural characterization of arabinoxylans from desiccation-tolerant grass Eragrostis nindensis (E. nindensis) was compared with its close relative, the desiccation-sensitive Eragrostis tef (E. tef) in order to further understand mechansism of desiccation tolerance in resurrection plants. 24623695 4 87 from tef 1289:1291 arg1 extracts 1255:1262 extracts 1255:1262 extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef 1255:1291 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 4 88 theme laser 978:982 arg1 MALDI-MS 1025:1032 MALDI-MS 1025:1032 MALDI-MS 1025:1032 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 4 88 theme laser 978:982 arg1 spectrometry 1011:1022 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry 962:1022 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) 962:1033 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 11 89 theme structural 2358:2367 arg1 characterization 2369:2384 arabinoxylan structural characterization 2345:2384 arabinoxylan structural characterization 2345:2384 Moreover, this work illustrated that IM-MS can efficiently separate isomeric structures and advantageously complements the conventional mass spectrometric methodologies used for arabinoxylan structural characterization. 24623695 5 90 theme arabinoxylan 1375:1386 arg1 fragments 1388:1396 various arabinoxylan fragments 1367:1396 various arabinoxylan fragments 1367:1396 RESULTS Whole fingerprinting by MALDI-MS analysis showed the presence of various arabinoxylan fragments within leaves of E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 0 91 theme various 122:128 arg1 methods 149:155 various mass spectrometric methods 122:155 various mass spectrometric methods 122:155 Structural characterization of arabinoxylans from two African plant species Eragrostis nindensis and Eragrostis tef using various mass spectrometric methods. 24623695 4 92 theme ionization 995:1004 arg1 MALDI-MS 1025:1032 MALDI-MS 1025:1032 MALDI-MS 1025:1032 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 4 92 theme ionization 995:1004 arg1 spectrometry 1011:1022 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry 962:1022 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) 962:1033 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 9 93 theme structures 2052:2061 arg1 presence 2031:2038 the presence 2027:2038 the presence of isomeric structures 2027:2061 CONCLUSIONS We have shown that an orthogonal approach, and especially IM-MS associated to ESI-MS(n) (n = 2 to 4) and GC/MS allowed characterization of arabinoxylan fragments of E. nindensis and E. tef and revealed the presence of isomeric structures. 24623695 9 94 theme orthogonal 1847:1856 arg1 approach 1858:1865 an orthogonal approach 1844:1865 an orthogonal approach 1844:1865 CONCLUSIONS We have shown that an orthogonal approach, and especially IM-MS associated to ESI-MS(n) (n = 2 to 4) and GC/MS allowed characterization of arabinoxylan fragments of E. nindensis and E. tef and revealed the presence of isomeric structures. 24623695 9 95 dep 4 1923:1923 arg1 to 1920:1921 to 1920:1921 to 1920:1921 CONCLUSIONS We have shown that an orthogonal approach, and especially IM-MS associated to ESI-MS(n) (n = 2 to 4) and GC/MS allowed characterization of arabinoxylan fragments of E. nindensis and E. tef and revealed the presence of isomeric structures. 24623695 4 96 theme tandem 1071:1076 arg1 ESI-MS 1097:1102 ESI-MS 1097:1102 ESI-MS(n) 1097:1105 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 4 96 theme tandem 1071:1076 arg1 spectrometry 1083:1094 electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry 1036:1094 electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) 1036:1106 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 0 97 theme arabinoxylans 31:43 arg1 characterization 11:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization of arabinoxylans from two African plant species Eragrostis nindensis and Eragrostis tef 0:114 Structural characterization of arabinoxylans from two African plant species Eragrostis nindensis and Eragrostis tef using various mass spectrometric methods. 24623695 1 98 theme plant 274:278 arg1 tissues 280:286 plant tissues 274:286 plant tissues 274:286 RATIONALE The arabinoxylans are one of the main components of plant cell walls and are known to play major roles in plant tissues properties depending in particular on their structural features. 24623695 9 99 theme isomeric 2043:2050 arg1 structures 2052:2061 isomeric structures 2043:2061 isomeric structures 2043:2061 CONCLUSIONS We have shown that an orthogonal approach, and especially IM-MS associated to ESI-MS(n) (n = 2 to 4) and GC/MS allowed characterization of arabinoxylan fragments of E. nindensis and E. tef and revealed the presence of isomeric structures. 24623695 2 100 theme resurrection 420:431 arg1 plants 433:438 resurrection plants 420:438 resurrection plants 420:438 It has been recently shown that one of the strategies developed by resurrection plants to overcome dehydration is based on cell wall composition. 24623695 3 101 theme close 656:660 arg1 tef 709:711 the desiccation-sensitive Eragrostis tef 672:711 the desiccation-sensitive Eragrostis tef (E. tef) 672:720 For this purpose, the structural characterization of arabinoxylans from desiccation-tolerant grass Eragrostis nindensis (E. nindensis) was compared with its close relative, the desiccation-sensitive Eragrostis tef (E. tef) in order to further understand mechansism of desiccation tolerance in resurrection plants. 24623695 3 101 theme close 656:660 arg1 relative 662:669 its close relative 652:669 its close relative 652:669 For this purpose, the structural characterization of arabinoxylans from desiccation-tolerant grass Eragrostis nindensis (E. nindensis) was compared with its close relative, the desiccation-sensitive Eragrostis tef (E. tef) in order to further understand mechansism of desiccation tolerance in resurrection plants. 24623695 4 102 used used 1163:1166 arg2 METHODS 813:819 METHODS 813:819 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), 813:1156 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 10 103 theme arabinoxylan 2073:2084 arg1 structures 2086:2095 The same arabinoxylan structures 2064:2095 The same arabinoxylan structures 2064:2095 The same arabinoxylan structures were identified for both species but in different relative abundance. 24623695 11 104 theme isomeric 2235:2242 arg1 structures 2244:2253 isomeric structures 2235:2253 isomeric structures 2235:2253 Moreover, this work illustrated that IM-MS can efficiently separate isomeric structures and advantageously complements the conventional mass spectrometric methodologies used for arabinoxylan structural characterization. 24623695 4 105 theme mobility 825:832 arg1 spectrometry 834:845 Ion mobility spectrometry 821:845 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), 813:1156 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 11 106 theme conventional 2290:2301 arg1 methodologies 2322:2334 the conventional mass spectrometric methodologies 2286:2334 the conventional mass spectrometric methodologies used for arabinoxylan structural characterization 2286:2384 Moreover, this work illustrated that IM-MS can efficiently separate isomeric structures and advantageously complements the conventional mass spectrometric methodologies used for arabinoxylan structural characterization. 24623695 0 107 theme plant 62:66 arg1 nindensis 87:95 Eragrostis nindensis 76:95 Eragrostis nindensis 76:95 Structural characterization of arabinoxylans from two African plant species Eragrostis nindensis and Eragrostis tef using various mass spectrometric methods. 24623695 0 107 theme plant 62:66 arg1 tef 112:114 Eragrostis tef 101:114 Eragrostis tef 101:114 Structural characterization of arabinoxylans from two African plant species Eragrostis nindensis and Eragrostis tef using various mass spectrometric methods. 24623695 0 107 theme plant 62:66 arg1 species 68:74 two African plant species Eragrostis nindensis and Eragrostis tef 50:114 two African plant species Eragrostis nindensis and Eragrostis tef 50:114 Structural characterization of arabinoxylans from two African plant species Eragrostis nindensis and Eragrostis tef using various mass spectrometric methods. 24623695 4 108 theme ionization 1049:1058 arg1 ESI-MS 1097:1102 ESI-MS 1097:1102 ESI-MS(n) 1097:1105 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 4 108 theme ionization 1049:1058 arg1 spectrometry 1083:1094 electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry 1036:1094 electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) 1036:1106 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 11 109 dep conventional 2290:2301 arg1 spectrometric 2308:2320 spectrometric 2308:2320 spectrometric 2308:2320 Moreover, this work illustrated that IM-MS can efficiently separate isomeric structures and advantageously complements the conventional mass spectrometric methodologies used for arabinoxylan structural characterization. 24623695 3 110 theme desiccation-sensitive 676:696 arg1 tef 709:711 the desiccation-sensitive Eragrostis tef 672:711 the desiccation-sensitive Eragrostis tef (E. tef) 672:720 For this purpose, the structural characterization of arabinoxylans from desiccation-tolerant grass Eragrostis nindensis (E. nindensis) was compared with its close relative, the desiccation-sensitive Eragrostis tef (E. tef) in order to further understand mechansism of desiccation tolerance in resurrection plants. 24623695 3 110 theme desiccation-sensitive 676:696 arg1 tef 717:719 E. tef 714:719 E. tef 714:719 For this purpose, the structural characterization of arabinoxylans from desiccation-tolerant grass Eragrostis nindensis (E. nindensis) was compared with its close relative, the desiccation-sensitive Eragrostis tef (E. tef) in order to further understand mechansism of desiccation tolerance in resurrection plants. 24623695 3 110 theme desiccation-sensitive 676:696 arg1 relative 662:669 its close relative 652:669 its close relative 652:669 For this purpose, the structural characterization of arabinoxylans from desiccation-tolerant grass Eragrostis nindensis (E. nindensis) was compared with its close relative, the desiccation-sensitive Eragrostis tef (E. tef) in order to further understand mechansism of desiccation tolerance in resurrection plants. 24623695 7 111 theme sequence 1578:1585 arg1 details 1587:1593 the branching and sequence details 1560:1593 details 1587:1593 Information regarding the branching and sequence details was obtained by ESI-MS(n) experiments after sample permethylation. 24623695 4 112 theme gas 1112:1114 arg1 GC/MS 1150:1154 GC/MS 1150:1154 GC/MS 1150:1154 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 4 112 theme gas 1112:1114 arg1 spectrometry 1136:1147 gas chromatography/mass spectrometry 1112:1147 gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) 1112:1155 METHODS Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in combination with the conventional mass spectrometric approaches, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were used to characterize arabinoxylan fragments obtained after endo-xylanase digestion of leave extracts from E. nindensis and E. tef. 24623695 8 113 theme isomeric 1689:1696 arg1 ions 1698:1701 structural isomeric ions 1678:1701 structural isomeric ions with different collision cross sections 1678:1741 The presence of structural isomeric ions with different collision cross sections was evidenced by IM-MS which could be differentiated using ESI-MS(n). 24623695 3 114 theme E. 714:715 arg1 tef 709:711 the desiccation-sensitive Eragrostis tef 672:711 the desiccation-sensitive Eragrostis tef (E. tef) 672:720 For this purpose, the structural characterization of arabinoxylans from desiccation-tolerant grass Eragrostis nindensis (E. nindensis) was compared with its close relative, the desiccation-sensitive Eragrostis tef (E. tef) in order to further understand mechansism of desiccation tolerance in resurrection plants. 24623695 3 114 theme E. 714:715 arg1 tef 717:719 E. tef 714:719 E. tef 714:719 For this purpose, the structural characterization of arabinoxylans from desiccation-tolerant grass Eragrostis nindensis (E. nindensis) was compared with its close relative, the desiccation-sensitive Eragrostis tef (E. tef) in order to further understand mechansism of desiccation tolerance in resurrection plants. 28007568 9 0 theme kringle1-4 1863:1872 arg1 -plasmin 1874:1881 des-(kringle1-4)-plasmin 1858:1881 des-(kringle1-4)-plasmin 1858:1881 HA of 1500 and 500kDa size prolonged clot lysis with both plasmin and tPA and this inhibition was kringle-mediated, because it was abolished by 6-aminohexanoate and was not observed with des-(kringle1-4)-plasmin. 28007568 2 1 theme oscillation 560:570 arg1 rheometer 572:580 an oscillation rheometer 557:580 an oscillation rheometer 557:580 The aim of the present study was to characterize the structure of composite fibrin-HA clots with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pressure-driven permeation and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and their viscoelastic properties with an oscillation rheometer. 28007568 7 2 theme gel/fluid 1425:1433 arg1 transition 1435:1444 gel/fluid transition 1425:1444 gel/fluid transition 1425:1444 Rheometer data showed softer fibrin structures formed with 1500kDa and 500kDa HA and these clots presented with lower dynamic viscosity values and lower critical stress values at gel/fluid transition. 28007568 4 3 contain had 995:997 arg1 fragments 985:993 the 25kDa HA fragments 972:993 the 25kDa HA fragments 972:993 Fibrin formed in the presence of native (1500kDa) HA and its 500kDa fragments had thicker fibers and larger pores according to the SEM and clot permeation data, whereas the 25kDa HA fragments had only minor effects. 28007568 4 3 contain had 995:997 arg2 effects 1010:1016 only minor effects 999:1016 only minor effects 999:1016 Fibrin formed in the presence of native (1500kDa) HA and its 500kDa fragments had thicker fibers and larger pores according to the SEM and clot permeation data, whereas the 25kDa HA fragments had only minor effects. 28007568 7 4 theme critical 1399:1406 arg1 values 1415:1420 lower critical stress values 1393:1420 lower critical stress values 1393:1420 Rheometer data showed softer fibrin structures formed with 1500kDa and 500kDa HA and these clots presented with lower dynamic viscosity values and lower critical stress values at gel/fluid transition. 28007568 3 5 theme plasminogen 736:746 arg1 activation 748:757 plasminogen activation 736:757 plasminogen activation by tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) 736:800 In addition the efficiency of fibrinolysis in these clots was investigated by kinetic turbidimetric and chromogenic assays for dissolution of fibrin and plasminogen activation by tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). 28007568 6 6 theme branching 1228:1236 arg1 points 1238:1243 branching points 1228:1243 branching points 1228:1243 These structural alterations suggest that HA modifies the pattern of fibrin polymerization favouring lateral association of protofibrils over formation of branching points. 28007568 11 7 theme injury 2035:2040 arg1 inflammation 2046:2057 inflammation 2046:2057 inflammation 2046:2057 At sites of tissue injury and inflammation, HA could stabilize fibrin through modification of its structure and lysibility. 28007568 11 7 theme injury 2035:2040 arg1 sites 2019:2023 sites 2019:2023 sites of tissue injury and inflammation 2019:2057 At sites of tissue injury and inflammation, HA could stabilize fibrin through modification of its structure and lysibility. 28007568 11 7 theme injury 2035:2040 arg1 injury 2035:2040 tissue injury 2028:2040 tissue injury 2028:2040 At sites of tissue injury and inflammation, HA could stabilize fibrin through modification of its structure and lysibility. 28007568 11 8 theme structure 2114:2122 arg1 modification 2094:2105 modification 2094:2105 modification of its structure and lysibility 2094:2137 At sites of tissue injury and inflammation, HA could stabilize fibrin through modification of its structure and lysibility. 28007568 6 9 theme protofibrils 1197:1208 arg1 association 1182:1192 lateral association 1174:1192 lateral association of protofibrils 1174:1208 These structural alterations suggest that HA modifies the pattern of fibrin polymerization favouring lateral association of protofibrils over formation of branching points. 28007568 3 10 theme fibrin 725:730 arg1 dissolution 710:720 dissolution 710:720 dissolution of fibrin and plasminogen activation by tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) 710:800 In addition the efficiency of fibrinolysis in these clots was investigated by kinetic turbidimetric and chromogenic assays for dissolution of fibrin and plasminogen activation by tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). 28007568 1 11 from healing 241:247 arg1 plaques 308:314 eroded atherosclerotic plaques 285:314 eroded atherosclerotic plaques 285:314 Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a large, non-sulfated glucosaminoglycan abundantly present at sites where fibrin is also formed (during wound healing, in arterial restenotic lesions and eroded atherosclerotic plaques). 28007568 1 11 from healing 241:247 arg1 lesions 273:279 arterial restenotic lesions 253:279 arterial restenotic lesions 253:279 Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a large, non-sulfated glucosaminoglycan abundantly present at sites where fibrin is also formed (during wound healing, in arterial restenotic lesions and eroded atherosclerotic plaques). 28007568 4 12 theme larger 904:909 arg1 pores 911:915 larger pores 904:915 larger pores 904:915 Fibrin formed in the presence of native (1500kDa) HA and its 500kDa fragments had thicker fibers and larger pores according to the SEM and clot permeation data, whereas the 25kDa HA fragments had only minor effects. 28007568 1 13 dep formed 220:225 arg1 healing 241:247 wound healing 235:247 wound healing 235:247 Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a large, non-sulfated glucosaminoglycan abundantly present at sites where fibrin is also formed (during wound healing, in arterial restenotic lesions and eroded atherosclerotic plaques). 28007568 7 14 theme viscosity 1372:1380 arg1 values 1382:1387 lower dynamic viscosity values 1358:1387 lower dynamic viscosity values 1358:1387 Rheometer data showed softer fibrin structures formed with 1500kDa and 500kDa HA and these clots presented with lower dynamic viscosity values and lower critical stress values at gel/fluid transition. 28007568 3 15 theme plasminogen 774:784 arg1 tPA 797:799 tPA 797:799 tPA 797:799 In addition the efficiency of fibrinolysis in these clots was investigated by kinetic turbidimetric and chromogenic assays for dissolution of fibrin and plasminogen activation by tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). 28007568 3 15 theme plasminogen 774:784 arg1 activator 786:794 tissue-type plasminogen activator 762:794 tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) 762:800 In addition the efficiency of fibrinolysis in these clots was investigated by kinetic turbidimetric and chromogenic assays for dissolution of fibrin and plasminogen activation by tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). 28007568 1 16 from sites 193:197 arg1 present 182:188 present 182:188 present 182:188 Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a large, non-sulfated glucosaminoglycan abundantly present at sites where fibrin is also formed (during wound healing, in arterial restenotic lesions and eroded atherosclerotic plaques). 28007568 10 17 theme polymerization 1957:1970 arg1 pattern 1939:1945 the pattern 1935:1945 the pattern of fibrin polymerization with consequent inhibition of fibrinolysis 1935:2013 Our data suggest that HA size-dependently modifies the pattern of fibrin polymerization with consequent inhibition of fibrinolysis. 28007568 4 18 theme 500kDa 864:869 arg1 fragments 871:879 its 500kDa fragments 860:879 its 500kDa fragments 860:879 Fibrin formed in the presence of native (1500kDa) HA and its 500kDa fragments had thicker fibers and larger pores according to the SEM and clot permeation data, whereas the 25kDa HA fragments had only minor effects. 28007568 8 19 theme plasminogen 1461:1471 arg1 activation 1473:1482 tPA-catalysed plasminogen activation 1447:1482 tPA-catalysed plasminogen activation 1447:1482 tPA-catalysed plasminogen activation was markedly inhibited by HA, both in free solution and on the surface of fibrin clots, in the presence and in the absence of 6-aminohexanoate suggesting a kringle-independent mechanism. 28007568 7 20 theme lower 1358:1362 arg1 values 1382:1387 lower dynamic viscosity values 1358:1387 lower dynamic viscosity values 1358:1387 Rheometer data showed softer fibrin structures formed with 1500kDa and 500kDa HA and these clots presented with lower dynamic viscosity values and lower critical stress values at gel/fluid transition. 28007568 2 21 theme viscoelastic 528:539 arg1 properties 541:550 their viscoelastic properties 522:550 their viscoelastic properties with an oscillation rheometer 522:580 The aim of the present study was to characterize the structure of composite fibrin-HA clots with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pressure-driven permeation and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and their viscoelastic properties with an oscillation rheometer. 28007568 6 22 theme polymerization 1149:1162 arg1 pattern 1131:1137 the pattern 1127:1137 the pattern of fibrin polymerization 1127:1162 These structural alterations suggest that HA modifies the pattern of fibrin polymerization favouring lateral association of protofibrils over formation of branching points. 28007568 6 23 theme lateral 1174:1180 arg1 association 1182:1192 lateral association 1174:1192 lateral association of protofibrils 1174:1208 These structural alterations suggest that HA modifies the pattern of fibrin polymerization favouring lateral association of protofibrils over formation of branching points. 28007568 10 24 theme fibrinolysis 2002:2013 arg1 inhibition 1988:1997 consequent inhibition 1977:1997 consequent inhibition of fibrinolysis 1977:2013 Our data suggest that HA size-dependently modifies the pattern of fibrin polymerization with consequent inhibition of fibrinolysis. 28007568 4 25 theme permeation 947:956 arg1 data 958:961 the SEM and clot permeation data 930:961 data 958:961 Fibrin formed in the presence of native (1500kDa) HA and its 500kDa fragments had thicker fibers and larger pores according to the SEM and clot permeation data, whereas the 25kDa HA fragments had only minor effects. 28007568 0 26 theme lytic 70:74 arg1 resistance 76:85 the lytic resistance 66:85 the lytic resistance of fibrin matrices 66:104 Hyaluronic acid decreases the mechanical stability, but increases the lytic resistance of fibrin matrices. 28007568 2 27 theme small-angle 482:492 arg1 SAXS 512:515 SAXS 512:515 SAXS 512:515 The aim of the present study was to characterize the structure of composite fibrin-HA clots with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pressure-driven permeation and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and their viscoelastic properties with an oscillation rheometer. 28007568 2 27 theme small-angle 482:492 arg1 scattering 500:509 small-angle X-ray scattering 482:509 small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) 482:516 The aim of the present study was to characterize the structure of composite fibrin-HA clots with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pressure-driven permeation and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and their viscoelastic properties with an oscillation rheometer. 28007568 8 28 theme free 1522:1525 arg1 solution 1527:1534 free solution 1522:1534 free solution 1522:1534 tPA-catalysed plasminogen activation was markedly inhibited by HA, both in free solution and on the surface of fibrin clots, in the presence and in the absence of 6-aminohexanoate suggesting a kringle-independent mechanism. 28007568 0 29 theme matrices 97:104 arg1 resistance 76:85 the lytic resistance 66:85 the lytic resistance of fibrin matrices 66:104 Hyaluronic acid decreases the mechanical stability, but increases the lytic resistance of fibrin matrices. 28007568 5 30 theme protofibrils 1059:1070 arg1 disarrangement 1041:1054 a mild disarrangement 1034:1054 a mild disarrangement of protofibrils 1034:1070 SAXS evidenced a mild disarrangement of protofibrils. 28007568 2 31 theme scanning 415:422 arg1 microscopy 433:442 scanning electron microscopy 415:442 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 415:448 The aim of the present study was to characterize the structure of composite fibrin-HA clots with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pressure-driven permeation and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and their viscoelastic properties with an oscillation rheometer. 28007568 2 31 theme scanning 415:422 arg1 SEM 445:447 SEM 445:447 SEM 445:447 The aim of the present study was to characterize the structure of composite fibrin-HA clots with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pressure-driven permeation and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and their viscoelastic properties with an oscillation rheometer. 28007568 3 32 from efficiency 599:608 arg1 clots 635:639 these clots 629:639 these clots 629:639 In addition the efficiency of fibrinolysis in these clots was investigated by kinetic turbidimetric and chromogenic assays for dissolution of fibrin and plasminogen activation by tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). 28007568 0 33 theme Hyaluronic 0:9 arg1 acid 11:14 Hyaluronic acid 0:14 Hyaluronic acid 0:14 Hyaluronic acid decreases the mechanical stability, but increases the lytic resistance of fibrin matrices. 28007568 7 34 theme 500kDa 1317:1322 arg1 HA 1324:1325 1500kDa and 500kDa HA 1305:1325 1500kDa and 500kDa HA 1305:1325 Rheometer data showed softer fibrin structures formed with 1500kDa and 500kDa HA and these clots presented with lower dynamic viscosity values and lower critical stress values at gel/fluid transition. 28007568 2 35 theme clots 404:408 arg1 structure 371:379 the structure 367:379 the structure of composite fibrin-HA clots with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pressure-driven permeation and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) 367:516 The aim of the present study was to characterize the structure of composite fibrin-HA clots with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pressure-driven permeation and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and their viscoelastic properties with an oscillation rheometer. 28007568 2 35 theme clots 404:408 arg1 properties 541:550 their viscoelastic properties 522:550 their viscoelastic properties with an oscillation rheometer 522:580 The aim of the present study was to characterize the structure of composite fibrin-HA clots with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pressure-driven permeation and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and their viscoelastic properties with an oscillation rheometer. 28007568 11 36 theme inflammation 2046:2057 arg1 inflammation 2046:2057 inflammation 2046:2057 inflammation 2046:2057 At sites of tissue injury and inflammation, HA could stabilize fibrin through modification of its structure and lysibility. 28007568 11 36 theme inflammation 2046:2057 arg1 sites 2019:2023 sites 2019:2023 sites of tissue injury and inflammation 2019:2057 At sites of tissue injury and inflammation, HA could stabilize fibrin through modification of its structure and lysibility. 28007568 11 36 theme inflammation 2046:2057 arg1 injury 2035:2040 tissue injury 2028:2040 tissue injury 2028:2040 At sites of tissue injury and inflammation, HA could stabilize fibrin through modification of its structure and lysibility. 28007568 2 37 theme composite 384:392 arg1 clots 404:408 composite fibrin-HA clots 384:408 composite fibrin-HA clots with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pressure-driven permeation and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) 384:516 The aim of the present study was to characterize the structure of composite fibrin-HA clots with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pressure-driven permeation and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and their viscoelastic properties with an oscillation rheometer. 28007568 1 38 theme arterial 253:260 arg1 lesions 273:279 arterial restenotic lesions 253:279 arterial restenotic lesions 253:279 Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a large, non-sulfated glucosaminoglycan abundantly present at sites where fibrin is also formed (during wound healing, in arterial restenotic lesions and eroded atherosclerotic plaques). 28007568 7 39 theme 1500kDa 1305:1311 arg1 HA 1324:1325 1500kDa and 500kDa HA 1305:1325 1500kDa and 500kDa HA 1305:1325 Rheometer data showed softer fibrin structures formed with 1500kDa and 500kDa HA and these clots presented with lower dynamic viscosity values and lower critical stress values at gel/fluid transition. 28007568 0 40 theme mechanical 30:39 arg1 stability 41:49 the mechanical stability 26:49 the mechanical stability 26:49 Hyaluronic acid decreases the mechanical stability, but increases the lytic resistance of fibrin matrices. 28007568 8 41 theme clots 1565:1569 arg1 surface 1547:1553 the surface 1543:1553 the surface of fibrin clots 1543:1569 tPA-catalysed plasminogen activation was markedly inhibited by HA, both in free solution and on the surface of fibrin clots, in the presence and in the absence of 6-aminohexanoate suggesting a kringle-independent mechanism. 28007568 3 42 theme fibrinolysis 613:624 arg1 efficiency 599:608 the efficiency 595:608 the efficiency of fibrinolysis in these clots 595:639 In addition the efficiency of fibrinolysis in these clots was investigated by kinetic turbidimetric and chromogenic assays for dissolution of fibrin and plasminogen activation by tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). 28007568 11 43 theme lysibility 2128:2137 arg1 modification 2094:2105 modification 2094:2105 modification of its structure and lysibility 2094:2137 At sites of tissue injury and inflammation, HA could stabilize fibrin through modification of its structure and lysibility. 28007568 1 44 theme eroded 285:290 arg1 plaques 308:314 eroded atherosclerotic plaques 285:314 eroded atherosclerotic plaques 285:314 Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a large, non-sulfated glucosaminoglycan abundantly present at sites where fibrin is also formed (during wound healing, in arterial restenotic lesions and eroded atherosclerotic plaques). 28007568 7 45 theme fibrin 1275:1280 arg1 structures 1282:1291 softer fibrin structures 1268:1291 softer fibrin structures formed with 1500kDa and 500kDa HA 1268:1325 Rheometer data showed softer fibrin structures formed with 1500kDa and 500kDa HA and these clots presented with lower dynamic viscosity values and lower critical stress values at gel/fluid transition. 28007568 1 46 attach present 182:188 arg2 large 133:137 large 133:137 large 133:137 Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a large, non-sulfated glucosaminoglycan abundantly present at sites where fibrin is also formed (during wound healing, in arterial restenotic lesions and eroded atherosclerotic plaques). 28007568 1 46 attach present 182:188 arg1 sites 193:197 sites 193:197 sites where fibrin is also formed (during wound healing, in arterial restenotic lesions and eroded atherosclerotic plaques) 193:315 Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a large, non-sulfated glucosaminoglycan abundantly present at sites where fibrin is also formed (during wound healing, in arterial restenotic lesions and eroded atherosclerotic plaques). 28007568 1 46 attach present 182:188 arg2 glucosaminoglycan 153:169 glucosaminoglycan 153:169 glucosaminoglycan 153:169 Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a large, non-sulfated glucosaminoglycan abundantly present at sites where fibrin is also formed (during wound healing, in arterial restenotic lesions and eroded atherosclerotic plaques). 28007568 2 47 theme present 333:339 arg1 study 341:345 the present study 329:345 the present study 329:345 The aim of the present study was to characterize the structure of composite fibrin-HA clots with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pressure-driven permeation and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and their viscoelastic properties with an oscillation rheometer. 28007568 7 48 theme Rheometer 1246:1254 arg1 data 1256:1259 Rheometer data 1246:1259 Rheometer data 1246:1259 Rheometer data showed softer fibrin structures formed with 1500kDa and 500kDa HA and these clots presented with lower dynamic viscosity values and lower critical stress values at gel/fluid transition. 28007568 4 49 theme minor 1004:1008 arg1 effects 1010:1016 only minor effects 999:1016 only minor effects 999:1016 Fibrin formed in the presence of native (1500kDa) HA and its 500kDa fragments had thicker fibers and larger pores according to the SEM and clot permeation data, whereas the 25kDa HA fragments had only minor effects. 28007568 3 50 theme chromogenic 687:697 arg1 assays 699:704 kinetic turbidimetric and chromogenic assays 661:704 assays 699:704 In addition the efficiency of fibrinolysis in these clots was investigated by kinetic turbidimetric and chromogenic assays for dissolution of fibrin and plasminogen activation by tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). 28007568 4 51 theme 1500kDa 844:850 arg1 HA 853:854 native (1500kDa) HA 836:854 native (1500kDa) HA 836:854 Fibrin formed in the presence of native (1500kDa) HA and its 500kDa fragments had thicker fibers and larger pores according to the SEM and clot permeation data, whereas the 25kDa HA fragments had only minor effects. 28007568 2 52 with properties 541:550 arg1 rheometer 572:580 an oscillation rheometer 557:580 an oscillation rheometer 557:580 The aim of the present study was to characterize the structure of composite fibrin-HA clots with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pressure-driven permeation and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and their viscoelastic properties with an oscillation rheometer. 28007568 1 53 theme wound 235:239 arg1 healing 241:247 wound healing 235:247 wound healing 235:247 Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a large, non-sulfated glucosaminoglycan abundantly present at sites where fibrin is also formed (during wound healing, in arterial restenotic lesions and eroded atherosclerotic plaques). 28007568 2 54 with structure 371:379 arg1 rheometer 572:580 an oscillation rheometer 557:580 an oscillation rheometer 557:580 The aim of the present study was to characterize the structure of composite fibrin-HA clots with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pressure-driven permeation and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and their viscoelastic properties with an oscillation rheometer. 28007568 4 55 theme HA 853:854 arg1 presence 824:831 the presence 820:831 the presence of native (1500kDa) HA and its 500kDa fragments 820:879 Fibrin formed in the presence of native (1500kDa) HA and its 500kDa fragments had thicker fibers and larger pores according to the SEM and clot permeation data, whereas the 25kDa HA fragments had only minor effects. 28007568 6 56 theme fibrin 1142:1147 arg1 polymerization 1149:1162 fibrin polymerization 1142:1162 fibrin polymerization 1142:1162 These structural alterations suggest that HA modifies the pattern of fibrin polymerization favouring lateral association of protofibrils over formation of branching points. 28007568 8 57 theme 6-aminohexanoate 1610:1625 arg1 absence 1599:1605 the absence 1595:1605 the absence of 6-aminohexanoate 1595:1625 tPA-catalysed plasminogen activation was markedly inhibited by HA, both in free solution and on the surface of fibrin clots, in the presence and in the absence of 6-aminohexanoate suggesting a kringle-independent mechanism. 28007568 4 58 theme clot 942:945 arg1 data 958:961 the SEM and clot permeation data 930:961 data 958:961 Fibrin formed in the presence of native (1500kDa) HA and its 500kDa fragments had thicker fibers and larger pores according to the SEM and clot permeation data, whereas the 25kDa HA fragments had only minor effects. 28007568 6 59 theme points 1238:1243 arg1 formation 1215:1223 formation 1215:1223 formation of branching points 1215:1243 These structural alterations suggest that HA modifies the pattern of fibrin polymerization favouring lateral association of protofibrils over formation of branching points. 28007568 10 60 theme fibrin 1950:1955 arg1 polymerization 1957:1970 fibrin polymerization 1950:1970 fibrin polymerization 1950:1970 Our data suggest that HA size-dependently modifies the pattern of fibrin polymerization with consequent inhibition of fibrinolysis. 28007568 11 61 theme tissue 2028:2033 arg1 injury 2035:2040 tissue injury 2028:2040 tissue injury 2028:2040 At sites of tissue injury and inflammation, HA could stabilize fibrin through modification of its structure and lysibility. 28007568 4 62 theme native 836:841 arg1 HA 853:854 native (1500kDa) HA 836:854 native (1500kDa) HA 836:854 Fibrin formed in the presence of native (1500kDa) HA and its 500kDa fragments had thicker fibers and larger pores according to the SEM and clot permeation data, whereas the 25kDa HA fragments had only minor effects. 28007568 7 63 theme stress 1408:1413 arg1 values 1415:1420 lower critical stress values 1393:1420 lower critical stress values 1393:1420 Rheometer data showed softer fibrin structures formed with 1500kDa and 500kDa HA and these clots presented with lower dynamic viscosity values and lower critical stress values at gel/fluid transition. 28007568 3 64 theme activation 748:757 arg1 dissolution 710:720 dissolution 710:720 dissolution of fibrin and plasminogen activation by tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) 710:800 In addition the efficiency of fibrinolysis in these clots was investigated by kinetic turbidimetric and chromogenic assays for dissolution of fibrin and plasminogen activation by tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). 28007568 9 65 theme size 1693:1696 arg1 HA 1671:1672 HA 1671:1672 HA of 1500 and 500kDa size 1671:1696 HA of 1500 and 500kDa size prolonged clot lysis with both plasmin and tPA and this inhibition was kringle-mediated, because it was abolished by 6-aminohexanoate and was not observed with des-(kringle1-4)-plasmin. 28007568 8 66 theme tPA-catalysed 1447:1459 arg1 activation 1473:1482 tPA-catalysed plasminogen activation 1447:1482 tPA-catalysed plasminogen activation 1447:1482 tPA-catalysed plasminogen activation was markedly inhibited by HA, both in free solution and on the surface of fibrin clots, in the presence and in the absence of 6-aminohexanoate suggesting a kringle-independent mechanism. 28007568 7 67 theme lower 1393:1397 arg1 values 1415:1420 lower critical stress values 1393:1420 lower critical stress values 1393:1420 Rheometer data showed softer fibrin structures formed with 1500kDa and 500kDa HA and these clots presented with lower dynamic viscosity values and lower critical stress values at gel/fluid transition. 28007568 9 68 theme clot 1708:1711 arg1 lysis 1713:1717 clot lysis 1708:1717 clot lysis 1708:1717 HA of 1500 and 500kDa size prolonged clot lysis with both plasmin and tPA and this inhibition was kringle-mediated, because it was abolished by 6-aminohexanoate and was not observed with des-(kringle1-4)-plasmin. 28007568 10 69 theme consequent 1977:1986 arg1 inhibition 1988:1997 consequent inhibition 1977:1997 consequent inhibition of fibrinolysis 1977:2013 Our data suggest that HA size-dependently modifies the pattern of fibrin polymerization with consequent inhibition of fibrinolysis. 28007568 5 70 theme mild 1036:1039 arg1 disarrangement 1041:1054 a mild disarrangement 1034:1054 a mild disarrangement of protofibrils 1034:1070 SAXS evidenced a mild disarrangement of protofibrils. 28007568 1 71 theme Hyaluronic 107:116 arg1 HA 124:125 HA 124:125 HA 124:125 Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a large, non-sulfated glucosaminoglycan abundantly present at sites where fibrin is also formed (during wound healing, in arterial restenotic lesions and eroded atherosclerotic plaques). 28007568 1 71 theme Hyaluronic 107:116 arg1 acid 118:121 Hyaluronic acid 107:121 Hyaluronic acid (HA) 107:126 Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a large, non-sulfated glucosaminoglycan abundantly present at sites where fibrin is also formed (during wound healing, in arterial restenotic lesions and eroded atherosclerotic plaques). 28007568 1 71 theme Hyaluronic 107:116 arg1 large 133:137 large 133:137 large 133:137 Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a large, non-sulfated glucosaminoglycan abundantly present at sites where fibrin is also formed (during wound healing, in arterial restenotic lesions and eroded atherosclerotic plaques). 28007568 7 72 theme dynamic 1364:1370 arg1 values 1382:1387 lower dynamic viscosity values 1358:1387 lower dynamic viscosity values 1358:1387 Rheometer data showed softer fibrin structures formed with 1500kDa and 500kDa HA and these clots presented with lower dynamic viscosity values and lower critical stress values at gel/fluid transition. 28007568 3 73 theme tissue-type 762:772 arg1 tPA 797:799 tPA 797:799 tPA 797:799 In addition the efficiency of fibrinolysis in these clots was investigated by kinetic turbidimetric and chromogenic assays for dissolution of fibrin and plasminogen activation by tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). 28007568 3 73 theme tissue-type 762:772 arg1 activator 786:794 tissue-type plasminogen activator 762:794 tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) 762:800 In addition the efficiency of fibrinolysis in these clots was investigated by kinetic turbidimetric and chromogenic assays for dissolution of fibrin and plasminogen activation by tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). 28007568 4 74 theme fragments 871:879 arg1 presence 824:831 the presence 820:831 the presence of native (1500kDa) HA and its 500kDa fragments 820:879 Fibrin formed in the presence of native (1500kDa) HA and its 500kDa fragments had thicker fibers and larger pores according to the SEM and clot permeation data, whereas the 25kDa HA fragments had only minor effects. 28007568 7 75 attach presented 1343:1351 arg2 clots 1337:1341 these clots 1331:1341 these clots 1331:1341 Rheometer data showed softer fibrin structures formed with 1500kDa and 500kDa HA and these clots presented with lower dynamic viscosity values and lower critical stress values at gel/fluid transition. 28007568 7 75 attach presented 1343:1351 arg1 transition 1435:1444 gel/fluid transition 1425:1444 gel/fluid transition 1425:1444 Rheometer data showed softer fibrin structures formed with 1500kDa and 500kDa HA and these clots presented with lower dynamic viscosity values and lower critical stress values at gel/fluid transition. 28007568 4 76 dep had 881:883 arg1 whereas 964:970 whereas 964:970 whereas 964:970 Fibrin formed in the presence of native (1500kDa) HA and its 500kDa fragments had thicker fibers and larger pores according to the SEM and clot permeation data, whereas the 25kDa HA fragments had only minor effects. 28007568 2 77 theme pressure-driven 451:465 arg1 permeation 467:476 pressure-driven permeation 451:476 pressure-driven permeation 451:476 The aim of the present study was to characterize the structure of composite fibrin-HA clots with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pressure-driven permeation and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and their viscoelastic properties with an oscillation rheometer. 28007568 4 78 theme thicker 885:891 arg1 fibers 893:898 thicker fibers 885:898 thicker fibers 885:898 Fibrin formed in the presence of native (1500kDa) HA and its 500kDa fragments had thicker fibers and larger pores according to the SEM and clot permeation data, whereas the 25kDa HA fragments had only minor effects. 28007568 0 79 theme fibrin 90:95 arg1 matrices 97:104 fibrin matrices 90:104 fibrin matrices 90:104 Hyaluronic acid decreases the mechanical stability, but increases the lytic resistance of fibrin matrices. 28007568 2 80 theme X-ray 494:498 arg1 SAXS 512:515 SAXS 512:515 SAXS 512:515 The aim of the present study was to characterize the structure of composite fibrin-HA clots with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pressure-driven permeation and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and their viscoelastic properties with an oscillation rheometer. 28007568 2 80 theme X-ray 494:498 arg1 scattering 500:509 small-angle X-ray scattering 482:509 small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) 482:516 The aim of the present study was to characterize the structure of composite fibrin-HA clots with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pressure-driven permeation and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and their viscoelastic properties with an oscillation rheometer. 28007568 4 81 contain had 881:883 arg2 pores 911:915 larger pores 904:915 larger pores 904:915 Fibrin formed in the presence of native (1500kDa) HA and its 500kDa fragments had thicker fibers and larger pores according to the SEM and clot permeation data, whereas the 25kDa HA fragments had only minor effects. 28007568 4 81 contain had 881:883 arg2 fibers 893:898 thicker fibers 885:898 thicker fibers 885:898 Fibrin formed in the presence of native (1500kDa) HA and its 500kDa fragments had thicker fibers and larger pores according to the SEM and clot permeation data, whereas the 25kDa HA fragments had only minor effects. 28007568 4 81 contain had 881:883 arg1 Fibrin 803:808 Fibrin 803:808 Fibrin formed in the presence of native (1500kDa) HA and its 500kDa fragments 803:879 Fibrin formed in the presence of native (1500kDa) HA and its 500kDa fragments had thicker fibers and larger pores according to the SEM and clot permeation data, whereas the 25kDa HA fragments had only minor effects. 28007568 4 82 theme 25kDa 976:980 arg1 fragments 985:993 the 25kDa HA fragments 972:993 the 25kDa HA fragments 972:993 Fibrin formed in the presence of native (1500kDa) HA and its 500kDa fragments had thicker fibers and larger pores according to the SEM and clot permeation data, whereas the 25kDa HA fragments had only minor effects. 28007568 2 83 theme study 341:345 arg1 aim 322:324 The aim 318:324 The aim of the present study 318:345 The aim of the present study was to characterize the structure of composite fibrin-HA clots with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pressure-driven permeation and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and their viscoelastic properties with an oscillation rheometer. 28007568 10 84 with pattern 1939:1945 arg1 inhibition 1988:1997 consequent inhibition 1977:1997 consequent inhibition of fibrinolysis 1977:2013 Our data suggest that HA size-dependently modifies the pattern of fibrin polymerization with consequent inhibition of fibrinolysis. 28007568 2 85 theme fibrin-HA 394:402 arg1 clots 404:408 composite fibrin-HA clots 384:408 composite fibrin-HA clots with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pressure-driven permeation and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) 384:516 The aim of the present study was to characterize the structure of composite fibrin-HA clots with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pressure-driven permeation and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and their viscoelastic properties with an oscillation rheometer. 28007568 8 86 theme fibrin 1558:1563 arg1 clots 1565:1569 fibrin clots 1558:1569 fibrin clots 1558:1569 tPA-catalysed plasminogen activation was markedly inhibited by HA, both in free solution and on the surface of fibrin clots, in the presence and in the absence of 6-aminohexanoate suggesting a kringle-independent mechanism. 28007568 1 87 theme restenotic 262:271 arg1 lesions 273:279 arterial restenotic lesions 253:279 arterial restenotic lesions 253:279 Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a large, non-sulfated glucosaminoglycan abundantly present at sites where fibrin is also formed (during wound healing, in arterial restenotic lesions and eroded atherosclerotic plaques). 28007568 7 88 theme softer 1268:1273 arg1 structures 1282:1291 softer fibrin structures 1268:1291 softer fibrin structures formed with 1500kDa and 500kDa HA 1268:1325 Rheometer data showed softer fibrin structures formed with 1500kDa and 500kDa HA and these clots presented with lower dynamic viscosity values and lower critical stress values at gel/fluid transition. 28007568 2 89 theme electron 424:431 arg1 microscopy 433:442 scanning electron microscopy 415:442 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 415:448 The aim of the present study was to characterize the structure of composite fibrin-HA clots with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pressure-driven permeation and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and their viscoelastic properties with an oscillation rheometer. 28007568 2 89 theme electron 424:431 arg1 SEM 445:447 SEM 445:447 SEM 445:447 The aim of the present study was to characterize the structure of composite fibrin-HA clots with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pressure-driven permeation and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and their viscoelastic properties with an oscillation rheometer. 28007568 8 90 theme kringle-independent 1640:1658 arg1 mechanism 1660:1668 a kringle-independent mechanism 1638:1668 a kringle-independent mechanism 1638:1668 tPA-catalysed plasminogen activation was markedly inhibited by HA, both in free solution and on the surface of fibrin clots, in the presence and in the absence of 6-aminohexanoate suggesting a kringle-independent mechanism. 28007568 1 91 theme atherosclerotic 292:306 arg1 plaques 308:314 eroded atherosclerotic plaques 285:314 eroded atherosclerotic plaques 285:314 Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a large, non-sulfated glucosaminoglycan abundantly present at sites where fibrin is also formed (during wound healing, in arterial restenotic lesions and eroded atherosclerotic plaques). 28007568 6 92 theme structural 1079:1088 arg1 alterations 1090:1100 These structural alterations 1073:1100 These structural alterations 1073:1100 These structural alterations suggest that HA modifies the pattern of fibrin polymerization favouring lateral association of protofibrils over formation of branching points. 28007568 2 93 with clots 404:408 arg1 SEM 445:447 SEM 445:447 SEM 445:447 The aim of the present study was to characterize the structure of composite fibrin-HA clots with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pressure-driven permeation and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and their viscoelastic properties with an oscillation rheometer. 28007568 2 93 with clots 404:408 arg1 microscopy 433:442 scanning electron microscopy 415:442 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 415:448 The aim of the present study was to characterize the structure of composite fibrin-HA clots with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pressure-driven permeation and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and their viscoelastic properties with an oscillation rheometer. 28007568 2 93 with clots 404:408 arg1 permeation 467:476 pressure-driven permeation 451:476 pressure-driven permeation 451:476 The aim of the present study was to characterize the structure of composite fibrin-HA clots with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pressure-driven permeation and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and their viscoelastic properties with an oscillation rheometer. 28007568 2 93 with clots 404:408 arg1 SAXS 512:515 SAXS 512:515 SAXS 512:515 The aim of the present study was to characterize the structure of composite fibrin-HA clots with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pressure-driven permeation and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and their viscoelastic properties with an oscillation rheometer. 28007568 2 93 with clots 404:408 arg1 scattering 500:509 small-angle X-ray scattering 482:509 small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) 482:516 The aim of the present study was to characterize the structure of composite fibrin-HA clots with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pressure-driven permeation and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and their viscoelastic properties with an oscillation rheometer. 28007568 9 94 theme des- 1858:1861 arg1 -plasmin 1874:1881 des-(kringle1-4)-plasmin 1858:1881 des-(kringle1-4)-plasmin 1858:1881 HA of 1500 and 500kDa size prolonged clot lysis with both plasmin and tPA and this inhibition was kringle-mediated, because it was abolished by 6-aminohexanoate and was not observed with des-(kringle1-4)-plasmin. 28007568 4 95 theme HA 982:983 arg1 fragments 985:993 the 25kDa HA fragments 972:993 the 25kDa HA fragments 972:993 Fibrin formed in the presence of native (1500kDa) HA and its 500kDa fragments had thicker fibers and larger pores according to the SEM and clot permeation data, whereas the 25kDa HA fragments had only minor effects. 27340092 8 0 theme FL 1097:1098 arg1 presence 1085:1092 the presence 1081:1092 the presence of FL in breast milk 1081:1113 Thus, the ability of bifidobacteria to utilize FL and the presence of FL in breast milk may affect the development of the gut microbiota in infants, and might ultimately have therapeutic implications. 27340092 8 0 theme FL 1097:1098 arg1 ability 1037:1043 the ability 1033:1043 the ability of bifidobacteria to utilize FL 1033:1075 Thus, the ability of bifidobacteria to utilize FL and the presence of FL in breast milk may affect the development of the gut microbiota in infants, and might ultimately have therapeutic implications. 27340092 6 1 theme altered 798:804 arg1 profiles 817:824 altered metabolite profiles 798:824 altered metabolite profiles 798:824 Colonization of fucosyllactose (FL)-utilizing bifidobacteria is associated with altered metabolite profiles and microbiota compositions, which have been previously shown to affect infant health. 27340092 2 2 theme metabolite 366:375 arg1 profiles 377:384 gut metabolite profiles 362:384 gut metabolite profiles 362:384 However, the factors shaping the development of the microbiota remain poorly understood, and the mechanisms through which these factors affect gut metabolite profiles have not been extensively investigated. 27340092 0 3 theme microbiota 71:80 arg1 development 82:92 infant gut microbiota development 60:92 infant gut microbiota development 60:92 A key genetic factor for fucosyllactose utilization affects infant gut microbiota development. 27340092 8 4 theme bifidobacteria 1048:1061 arg1 presence 1085:1092 the presence 1081:1092 the presence of FL in breast milk 1081:1113 Thus, the ability of bifidobacteria to utilize FL and the presence of FL in breast milk may affect the development of the gut microbiota in infants, and might ultimately have therapeutic implications. 27340092 8 4 theme bifidobacteria 1048:1061 arg1 ability 1037:1043 the ability 1033:1043 the ability of bifidobacteria to utilize FL 1033:1075 Thus, the ability of bifidobacteria to utilize FL and the presence of FL in breast milk may affect the development of the gut microbiota in infants, and might ultimately have therapeutic implications. 27340092 2 5 theme gut 362:364 arg1 profiles 377:384 gut metabolite profiles 362:384 gut metabolite profiles 362:384 However, the factors shaping the development of the microbiota remain poorly understood, and the mechanisms through which these factors affect gut metabolite profiles have not been extensively investigated. 27340092 8 6 theme breast 1103:1108 arg1 milk 1110:1113 breast milk 1103:1113 breast milk 1103:1113 Thus, the ability of bifidobacteria to utilize FL and the presence of FL in breast milk may affect the development of the gut microbiota in infants, and might ultimately have therapeutic implications. 27340092 5 7 theme human 650:654 arg1 utilization 677:687 human milk oligosaccharide utilization 650:687 human milk oligosaccharide utilization 650:687 We observe considerable differences in human milk oligosaccharide utilization among infant bifidobacteria. 27340092 7 8 theme ABC 967:969 arg1 transporter 971:981 an ABC transporter 964:981 an ABC transporter 964:981 Genome analysis of infants' bifidobacteria reveals an ABC transporter as a key genetic factor for FL utilization. 27340092 7 8 theme ABC 967:969 arg1 factor 1000:1005 a key genetic factor 986:1005 a key genetic factor for FL utilization 986:1024 Genome analysis of infants' bifidobacteria reveals an ABC transporter as a key genetic factor for FL utilization. 27340092 8 9 theme therapeutic 1202:1212 arg1 implications 1214:1225 therapeutic implications 1202:1225 therapeutic implications 1202:1225 Thus, the ability of bifidobacteria to utilize FL and the presence of FL in breast milk may affect the development of the gut microbiota in infants, and might ultimately have therapeutic implications. 27340092 5 10 theme milk 656:659 arg1 utilization 677:687 human milk oligosaccharide utilization 650:687 human milk oligosaccharide utilization 650:687 We observe considerable differences in human milk oligosaccharide utilization among infant bifidobacteria. 27340092 7 11 theme bifidobacteria 941:954 arg1 analysis 920:927 Genome analysis 913:927 Genome analysis of infants' bifidobacteria 913:954 Genome analysis of infants' bifidobacteria reveals an ABC transporter as a key genetic factor for FL utilization. 27340092 8 12 attach presence 1085:1092 arg2 FL 1097:1098 FL 1097:1098 FL 1097:1098 Thus, the ability of bifidobacteria to utilize FL and the presence of FL in breast milk may affect the development of the gut microbiota in infants, and might ultimately have therapeutic implications. 27340092 8 12 attach presence 1085:1092 arg1 milk 1110:1113 breast milk 1103:1113 breast milk 1103:1113 Thus, the ability of bifidobacteria to utilize FL and the presence of FL in breast milk may affect the development of the gut microbiota in infants, and might ultimately have therapeutic implications. 27340092 8 12 attach presence 1085:1092 arg2 bifidobacteria 1048:1061 bifidobacteria 1048:1061 bifidobacteria 1048:1061 Thus, the ability of bifidobacteria to utilize FL and the presence of FL in breast milk may affect the development of the gut microbiota in infants, and might ultimately have therapeutic implications. 27340092 5 13 theme oligosaccharide 661:675 arg1 utilization 677:687 human milk oligosaccharide utilization 650:687 human milk oligosaccharide utilization 650:687 We observe considerable differences in human milk oligosaccharide utilization among infant bifidobacteria. 27340092 1 14 theme subsequent 191:200 arg1 physiology 207:216 subsequent host physiology 191:216 subsequent host physiology 191:216 Recent studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota development influences infants' health and subsequent host physiology. 27340092 0 15 theme key 2:4 arg1 factor 14:19 A key genetic factor 0:19 A key genetic factor for fucosyllactose utilization 0:50 A key genetic factor for fucosyllactose utilization affects infant gut microbiota development. 27340092 5 16 theme infant 695:700 arg1 bifidobacteria 702:715 infant bifidobacteria 695:715 infant bifidobacteria 695:715 We observe considerable differences in human milk oligosaccharide utilization among infant bifidobacteria. 27340092 6 17 theme bifidobacteria 764:777 arg1 Colonization 718:729 Colonization 718:729 Colonization of fucosyllactose (FL)-utilizing bifidobacteria 718:777 Colonization of fucosyllactose (FL)-utilizing bifidobacteria is associated with altered metabolite profiles and microbiota compositions, which have been previously shown to affect infant health. 27340092 3 18 theme gut 442:444 arg1 development 457:467 gut microbiota development 442:467 gut microbiota development of 27 infants 442:481 Here we analyse gut microbiota development of 27 infants during the first month of life. 27340092 4 19 theme Bifidobacteriaceae-dominant 571:597 arg1 microbiota 599:608 Bifidobacteriaceae-dominant microbiota 571:608 Bifidobacteriaceae-dominant microbiota 571:608 We find three distinct clusters that transition towards Bifidobacteriaceae-dominant microbiota. 27340092 5 20 theme considerable 622:633 arg1 differences 635:645 considerable differences 622:645 considerable differences in human milk oligosaccharide utilization among infant bifidobacteria 622:715 We observe considerable differences in human milk oligosaccharide utilization among infant bifidobacteria. 27340092 1 21 theme Recent 95:100 arg1 studies 102:108 Recent studies 95:108 Recent studies 95:108 Recent studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota development influences infants' health and subsequent host physiology. 27340092 6 22 theme -utilizing 753:762 arg1 bifidobacteria 764:777 fucosyllactose (FL)-utilizing bifidobacteria 734:777 fucosyllactose (FL)-utilizing bifidobacteria 734:777 Colonization of fucosyllactose (FL)-utilizing bifidobacteria is associated with altered metabolite profiles and microbiota compositions, which have been previously shown to affect infant health. 27340092 3 23 theme microbiota 446:455 arg1 development 457:467 gut microbiota development 442:467 gut microbiota development of 27 infants 442:481 Here we analyse gut microbiota development of 27 infants during the first month of life. 27340092 7 24 theme FL 1011:1012 arg1 utilization 1014:1024 FL utilization 1011:1024 FL utilization 1011:1024 Genome analysis of infants' bifidobacteria reveals an ABC transporter as a key genetic factor for FL utilization. 27340092 6 25 theme infant 898:903 arg1 health 905:910 infant health 898:910 infant health 898:910 Colonization of fucosyllactose (FL)-utilizing bifidobacteria is associated with altered metabolite profiles and microbiota compositions, which have been previously shown to affect infant health. 27340092 2 26 dep factors 232:238 arg1 shaping 240:246 shaping 240:246 shaping 240:246 However, the factors shaping the development of the microbiota remain poorly understood, and the mechanisms through which these factors affect gut metabolite profiles have not been extensively investigated. 27340092 0 27 theme genetic 6:12 arg1 factor 14:19 A key genetic factor 0:19 A key genetic factor for fucosyllactose utilization 0:50 A key genetic factor for fucosyllactose utilization affects infant gut microbiota development. 27340092 7 28 theme Genome 913:918 arg1 analysis 920:927 Genome analysis 913:927 Genome analysis of infants' bifidobacteria 913:954 Genome analysis of infants' bifidobacteria reveals an ABC transporter as a key genetic factor for FL utilization. 27340092 6 29 theme FL 750:751 arg1 bifidobacteria 764:777 fucosyllactose (FL)-utilizing bifidobacteria 734:777 fucosyllactose (FL)-utilizing bifidobacteria 734:777 Colonization of fucosyllactose (FL)-utilizing bifidobacteria is associated with altered metabolite profiles and microbiota compositions, which have been previously shown to affect infant health. 27340092 0 30 theme fucosyllactose 25:38 arg1 utilization 40:50 fucosyllactose utilization 25:50 fucosyllactose utilization 25:50 A key genetic factor for fucosyllactose utilization affects infant gut microbiota development. 27340092 5 31 from differences 635:645 arg1 utilization 677:687 human milk oligosaccharide utilization 650:687 human milk oligosaccharide utilization 650:687 We observe considerable differences in human milk oligosaccharide utilization among infant bifidobacteria. 27340092 8 32 theme gut 1149:1151 arg1 microbiota 1153:1162 the gut microbiota 1145:1162 the gut microbiota 1145:1162 Thus, the ability of bifidobacteria to utilize FL and the presence of FL in breast milk may affect the development of the gut microbiota in infants, and might ultimately have therapeutic implications. 27340092 1 33 theme host 202:205 arg1 physiology 207:216 subsequent host physiology 191:216 subsequent host physiology 191:216 Recent studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota development influences infants' health and subsequent host physiology. 27340092 7 34 theme genetic 992:998 arg1 transporter 971:981 an ABC transporter 964:981 an ABC transporter 964:981 Genome analysis of infants' bifidobacteria reveals an ABC transporter as a key genetic factor for FL utilization. 27340092 7 34 theme genetic 992:998 arg1 factor 1000:1005 a key genetic factor 986:1005 a key genetic factor for FL utilization 986:1024 Genome analysis of infants' bifidobacteria reveals an ABC transporter as a key genetic factor for FL utilization. 27340092 3 35 theme infants 475:481 arg1 development 457:467 gut microbiota development 442:467 gut microbiota development of 27 infants 442:481 Here we analyse gut microbiota development of 27 infants during the first month of life. 27340092 4 36 theme distinct 529:536 arg1 clusters 538:545 three distinct clusters 523:545 three distinct clusters 523:545 We find three distinct clusters that transition towards Bifidobacteriaceae-dominant microbiota. 27340092 8 37 theme microbiota 1153:1162 arg1 development 1130:1140 the development 1126:1140 the development of the gut microbiota in infants 1126:1173 Thus, the ability of bifidobacteria to utilize FL and the presence of FL in breast milk may affect the development of the gut microbiota in infants, and might ultimately have therapeutic implications. 27340092 3 38 theme life 509:512 arg1 month 500:504 the first month 490:504 the first month of life 490:512 Here we analyse gut microbiota development of 27 infants during the first month of life. 27340092 6 39 theme fucosyllactose 734:747 arg1 bifidobacteria 764:777 fucosyllactose (FL)-utilizing bifidobacteria 734:777 fucosyllactose (FL)-utilizing bifidobacteria 734:777 Colonization of fucosyllactose (FL)-utilizing bifidobacteria is associated with altered metabolite profiles and microbiota compositions, which have been previously shown to affect infant health. 27340092 2 40 theme microbiota 271:280 arg1 development 252:262 the development 248:262 the development of the microbiota 248:280 However, the factors shaping the development of the microbiota remain poorly understood, and the mechanisms through which these factors affect gut metabolite profiles have not been extensively investigated. 27340092 6 41 theme microbiota 830:839 arg1 compositions 841:852 microbiota compositions 830:852 microbiota compositions 830:852 Colonization of fucosyllactose (FL)-utilizing bifidobacteria is associated with altered metabolite profiles and microbiota compositions, which have been previously shown to affect infant health. 27340092 1 42 theme gut 133:135 arg1 development 148:158 gut microbiota development 133:158 gut microbiota development 133:158 Recent studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota development influences infants' health and subsequent host physiology. 27340092 1 43 theme microbiota 137:146 arg1 development 148:158 gut microbiota development 133:158 gut microbiota development 133:158 Recent studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota development influences infants' health and subsequent host physiology. 27340092 3 44 theme first 494:498 arg1 month 500:504 the first month 490:504 the first month of life 490:512 Here we analyse gut microbiota development of 27 infants during the first month of life. 27340092 0 45 theme gut 67:69 arg1 development 82:92 infant gut microbiota development 60:92 infant gut microbiota development 60:92 A key genetic factor for fucosyllactose utilization affects infant gut microbiota development. 27340092 8 46 from ability 1037:1043 arg1 milk 1110:1113 breast milk 1103:1113 breast milk 1103:1113 Thus, the ability of bifidobacteria to utilize FL and the presence of FL in breast milk may affect the development of the gut microbiota in infants, and might ultimately have therapeutic implications. 27340092 8 47 from presence 1085:1092 arg1 milk 1110:1113 breast milk 1103:1113 breast milk 1103:1113 Thus, the ability of bifidobacteria to utilize FL and the presence of FL in breast milk may affect the development of the gut microbiota in infants, and might ultimately have therapeutic implications. 27340092 7 48 theme key 988:990 arg1 transporter 971:981 an ABC transporter 964:981 an ABC transporter 964:981 Genome analysis of infants' bifidobacteria reveals an ABC transporter as a key genetic factor for FL utilization. 27340092 7 48 theme key 988:990 arg1 factor 1000:1005 a key genetic factor 986:1005 a key genetic factor for FL utilization 986:1024 Genome analysis of infants' bifidobacteria reveals an ABC transporter as a key genetic factor for FL utilization. 27340092 0 49 theme infant 60:65 arg1 development 82:92 infant gut microbiota development 60:92 infant gut microbiota development 60:92 A key genetic factor for fucosyllactose utilization affects infant gut microbiota development. 27340092 8 50 from development 1130:1140 arg1 infants 1167:1173 infants 1167:1173 infants 1167:1173 Thus, the ability of bifidobacteria to utilize FL and the presence of FL in breast milk may affect the development of the gut microbiota in infants, and might ultimately have therapeutic implications. 27340092 6 51 theme metabolite 806:815 arg1 profiles 817:824 altered metabolite profiles 798:824 altered metabolite profiles 798:824 Colonization of fucosyllactose (FL)-utilizing bifidobacteria is associated with altered metabolite profiles and microbiota compositions, which have been previously shown to affect infant health. 27340092 8 52 contain have 1197:1200 arg2 implications 1214:1225 therapeutic implications 1202:1225 therapeutic implications 1202:1225 Thus, the ability of bifidobacteria to utilize FL and the presence of FL in breast milk may affect the development of the gut microbiota in infants, and might ultimately have therapeutic implications. 27340092 8 52 contain have 1197:1200 arg1 ability 1037:1043 the ability 1033:1043 the ability of bifidobacteria to utilize FL 1033:1075 Thus, the ability of bifidobacteria to utilize FL and the presence of FL in breast milk may affect the development of the gut microbiota in infants, and might ultimately have therapeutic implications. 27340092 4 53 dep find 518:521 arg1 that 547:550 that 547:550 that 547:550 We find three distinct clusters that transition towards Bifidobacteriaceae-dominant microbiota. 28224896 5 0 theme kinetic 682:688 arg1 adsorption 671:680 the adsorption kinetic 667:688 the adsorption kinetic 667:688 The pseudo-second order equation and intra-particle diffusion model exhibited good correlation with the adsorption kinetic. 28224896 3 1 theme linear 364:369 arg1 suitable 381:388 suitable 381:388 suitable 381:388 The Langmuir linear model was suitable for describing the adsorption process of Pb(II). 28224896 3 1 theme linear 364:369 arg1 model 371:375 The Langmuir linear model 351:375 The Langmuir linear model 351:375 The Langmuir linear model was suitable for describing the adsorption process of Pb(II). 28224896 6 2 dep values 709:714 arg1 ΔH0 > 0 717:723 ΔH0 > 0 717:723 ΔH0 > 0 717:723 The thermodynamic values (ΔH0 > 0, ΔS0 > 0, ΔG0 < 0) indicated that the adsorption process of Pb(II) was endothermic, feasible, and spontaneous in nature. 28224896 7 3 from chelation 850:858 arg1 CMKGM-PDA 936:944 the CMKGM-PDA 932:944 the CMKGM-PDA 932:944 The chelation and electrostatic attraction between Pb(II) and -OH (or -NH2) groups on the CMKGM-PDA formed a possible adsorption mechanism. 28224896 4 4 from 298K 489:492 arg1 95.24mgg-1 475:484 95.24mgg-1 475:484 95.24mgg-1 475:484 The maximum adsorption capacity was 95.24mgg-1 at 298K, showing a high absorption capacity in comparison to similar absorbents. 28224896 4 4 from 298K 489:492 arg1 capacity 462:469 The maximum adsorption capacity 439:469 The maximum adsorption capacity 439:469 The maximum adsorption capacity was 95.24mgg-1 at 298K, showing a high absorption capacity in comparison to similar absorbents. 28224896 5 5 theme intra-particle 604:617 arg1 model 629:633 intra-particle diffusion model 604:633 intra-particle diffusion model 604:633 The pseudo-second order equation and intra-particle diffusion model exhibited good correlation with the adsorption kinetic. 28224896 5 6 theme diffusion 619:627 arg1 model 629:633 intra-particle diffusion model 604:633 intra-particle diffusion model 604:633 The pseudo-second order equation and intra-particle diffusion model exhibited good correlation with the adsorption kinetic. 28224896 3 7 theme Langmuir 355:362 arg1 suitable 381:388 suitable 381:388 suitable 381:388 The Langmuir linear model was suitable for describing the adsorption process of Pb(II). 28224896 3 7 theme Langmuir 355:362 arg1 model 371:375 The Langmuir linear model 351:375 The Langmuir linear model 351:375 The Langmuir linear model was suitable for describing the adsorption process of Pb(II). 28224896 7 8 theme -OH 908:910 arg1 -NH2 916:919 -NH2 916:919 -NH2 916:919 The chelation and electrostatic attraction between Pb(II) and -OH (or -NH2) groups on the CMKGM-PDA formed a possible adsorption mechanism. 28224896 7 8 theme -OH 908:910 arg1 groups 922:927 Pb(II) and -OH (or -NH2) groups 897:927 groups 922:927 The chelation and electrostatic attraction between Pb(II) and -OH (or -NH2) groups on the CMKGM-PDA formed a possible adsorption mechanism. 28224896 7 9 from attraction 878:887 arg1 CMKGM-PDA 936:944 the CMKGM-PDA 932:944 the CMKGM-PDA 932:944 The chelation and electrostatic attraction between Pb(II) and -OH (or -NH2) groups on the CMKGM-PDA formed a possible adsorption mechanism. 28224896 6 10 from nature 838:843 arg1 endothermic 796:806 endothermic 796:806 endothermic 796:806 The thermodynamic values (ΔH0 > 0, ΔS0 > 0, ΔG0 < 0) indicated that the adsorption process of Pb(II) was endothermic, feasible, and spontaneous in nature. 28224896 6 10 from nature 838:843 arg1 process 774:780 the adsorption process 759:780 the adsorption process of Pb(II) 759:790 The thermodynamic values (ΔH0 > 0, ΔS0 > 0, ΔG0 < 0) indicated that the adsorption process of Pb(II) was endothermic, feasible, and spontaneous in nature. 28224896 5 11 theme good 645:648 arg1 correlation 650:660 good correlation 645:660 good correlation with the adsorption kinetic 645:688 The pseudo-second order equation and intra-particle diffusion model exhibited good correlation with the adsorption kinetic. 28224896 6 12 from endothermic 796:806 arg1 nature 838:843 nature 838:843 nature 838:843 The thermodynamic values (ΔH0 > 0, ΔS0 > 0, ΔG0 < 0) indicated that the adsorption process of Pb(II) was endothermic, feasible, and spontaneous in nature. 28224896 2 13 theme convenient 320:329 arg1 agent 331:335 a convenient agent 318:335 a convenient agent for recovery 318:348 CMKGM-PDA exhibited excellent adsorption performance for the removal of Pb(II) and could be a convenient agent for recovery. 28224896 3 14 theme Pb 431:432 arg1 process 420:426 the adsorption process 405:426 the adsorption process of Pb(II) 405:436 The Langmuir linear model was suitable for describing the adsorption process of Pb(II). 28224896 0 15 theme Carboxylmethyl 0:13 arg1 konjac 15:20 Carboxylmethyl konjac 0:20 Carboxylmethyl konjac 0:20 Carboxylmethyl konjac glucomannan conjugated polydopamine composites for Pb(II) removal. 28224896 5 16 theme pseudo-second 571:583 arg1 equation 591:598 The pseudo-second order equation 567:598 The pseudo-second order equation 567:598 The pseudo-second order equation and intra-particle diffusion model exhibited good correlation with the adsorption kinetic. 28224896 1 17 theme Carboxylmethyl 89:102 arg1 glucomannan 111:121 Carboxylmethyl konjac glucomannan 89:121 Carboxylmethyl konjac glucomannan conjugated polydopamine (CMKGM-PDA) composite 89:167 Carboxylmethyl konjac glucomannan conjugated polydopamine (CMKGM-PDA) composite was successfully prepared using a cost-effective method. 28224896 1 18 theme cost-effective 203:216 arg1 method 218:223 a cost-effective method 201:223 a cost-effective method 201:223 Carboxylmethyl konjac glucomannan conjugated polydopamine (CMKGM-PDA) composite was successfully prepared using a cost-effective method. 28224896 0 19 theme conjugated 34:43 arg1 composites 58:67 conjugated polydopamine composites 34:67 conjugated polydopamine composites for Pb(II) removal 34:86 Carboxylmethyl konjac glucomannan conjugated polydopamine composites for Pb(II) removal. 28224896 6 20 theme Pb 785:786 arg1 endothermic 796:806 endothermic 796:806 endothermic 796:806 The thermodynamic values (ΔH0 > 0, ΔS0 > 0, ΔG0 < 0) indicated that the adsorption process of Pb(II) was endothermic, feasible, and spontaneous in nature. 28224896 6 20 theme Pb 785:786 arg1 process 774:780 the adsorption process 759:780 the adsorption process of Pb(II) 759:790 The thermodynamic values (ΔH0 > 0, ΔS0 > 0, ΔG0 < 0) indicated that the adsorption process of Pb(II) was endothermic, feasible, and spontaneous in nature. 28224896 5 21 theme order 585:589 arg1 equation 591:598 The pseudo-second order equation 567:598 The pseudo-second order equation 567:598 The pseudo-second order equation and intra-particle diffusion model exhibited good correlation with the adsorption kinetic. 28224896 1 22 theme konjac 104:109 arg1 glucomannan 111:121 Carboxylmethyl konjac glucomannan 89:121 Carboxylmethyl konjac glucomannan conjugated polydopamine (CMKGM-PDA) composite 89:167 Carboxylmethyl konjac glucomannan conjugated polydopamine (CMKGM-PDA) composite was successfully prepared using a cost-effective method. 28224896 6 23 theme thermodynamic 695:707 arg1 values 709:714 The thermodynamic values 691:714 The thermodynamic values (ΔH0 > 0, ΔS0 > 0, ΔG0 < 0) 691:742 The thermodynamic values (ΔH0 > 0, ΔS0 > 0, ΔG0 < 0) indicated that the adsorption process of Pb(II) was endothermic, feasible, and spontaneous in nature. 28224896 4 24 theme similar 547:553 arg1 absorbents 555:564 similar absorbents 547:564 similar absorbents 547:564 The maximum adsorption capacity was 95.24mgg-1 at 298K, showing a high absorption capacity in comparison to similar absorbents. 28224896 5 25 with correlation 650:660 arg1 adsorption 671:680 the adsorption kinetic 667:688 the adsorption kinetic 667:688 The pseudo-second order equation and intra-particle diffusion model exhibited good correlation with the adsorption kinetic. 28224896 0 26 theme polydopamine 45:56 arg1 composites 58:67 conjugated polydopamine composites 34:67 conjugated polydopamine composites for Pb(II) removal 34:86 Carboxylmethyl konjac glucomannan conjugated polydopamine composites for Pb(II) removal. 28224896 4 27 theme absorption 510:519 arg1 capacity 521:528 a high absorption capacity 503:528 a high absorption capacity 503:528 The maximum adsorption capacity was 95.24mgg-1 at 298K, showing a high absorption capacity in comparison to similar absorbents. 28224896 4 28 theme adsorption 451:460 arg1 95.24mgg-1 475:484 95.24mgg-1 475:484 95.24mgg-1 475:484 The maximum adsorption capacity was 95.24mgg-1 at 298K, showing a high absorption capacity in comparison to similar absorbents. 28224896 4 28 theme adsorption 451:460 arg1 capacity 462:469 The maximum adsorption capacity 439:469 The maximum adsorption capacity 439:469 The maximum adsorption capacity was 95.24mgg-1 at 298K, showing a high absorption capacity in comparison to similar absorbents. 28224896 7 29 theme adsorption 964:973 arg1 mechanism 975:983 a possible adsorption mechanism 953:983 a possible adsorption mechanism 953:983 The chelation and electrostatic attraction between Pb(II) and -OH (or -NH2) groups on the CMKGM-PDA formed a possible adsorption mechanism. 28224896 0 30 theme Pb 73:74 arg1 removal 80:86 Pb(II) removal 73:86 Pb(II) removal 73:86 Carboxylmethyl konjac glucomannan conjugated polydopamine composites for Pb(II) removal. 28224896 4 31 theme high 505:508 arg1 capacity 521:528 a high absorption capacity 503:528 a high absorption capacity 503:528 The maximum adsorption capacity was 95.24mgg-1 at 298K, showing a high absorption capacity in comparison to similar absorbents. 28224896 4 32 theme maximum 443:449 arg1 95.24mgg-1 475:484 95.24mgg-1 475:484 95.24mgg-1 475:484 The maximum adsorption capacity was 95.24mgg-1 at 298K, showing a high absorption capacity in comparison to similar absorbents. 28224896 4 32 theme maximum 443:449 arg1 capacity 462:469 The maximum adsorption capacity 439:469 The maximum adsorption capacity 439:469 The maximum adsorption capacity was 95.24mgg-1 at 298K, showing a high absorption capacity in comparison to similar absorbents. 28224896 2 33 theme adsorption 256:265 arg1 performance 267:277 excellent adsorption performance 246:277 excellent adsorption performance for the removal of Pb(II) 246:303 CMKGM-PDA exhibited excellent adsorption performance for the removal of Pb(II) and could be a convenient agent for recovery. 28224896 6 34 theme adsorption 763:772 arg1 endothermic 796:806 endothermic 796:806 endothermic 796:806 The thermodynamic values (ΔH0 > 0, ΔS0 > 0, ΔG0 < 0) indicated that the adsorption process of Pb(II) was endothermic, feasible, and spontaneous in nature. 28224896 6 34 theme adsorption 763:772 arg1 process 774:780 the adsorption process 759:780 the adsorption process of Pb(II) 759:790 The thermodynamic values (ΔH0 > 0, ΔS0 > 0, ΔG0 < 0) indicated that the adsorption process of Pb(II) was endothermic, feasible, and spontaneous in nature. 28224896 3 35 theme adsorption 409:418 arg1 process 420:426 the adsorption process 405:426 the adsorption process of Pb(II) 405:436 The Langmuir linear model was suitable for describing the adsorption process of Pb(II). 28224896 2 36 theme excellent 246:254 arg1 performance 267:277 excellent adsorption performance 246:277 excellent adsorption performance for the removal of Pb(II) 246:303 CMKGM-PDA exhibited excellent adsorption performance for the removal of Pb(II) and could be a convenient agent for recovery. 28224896 1 37 theme polydopamine 134:145 arg1 composite 159:167 polydopamine (CMKGM-PDA) composite 134:167 polydopamine (CMKGM-PDA) composite 134:167 Carboxylmethyl konjac glucomannan conjugated polydopamine (CMKGM-PDA) composite was successfully prepared using a cost-effective method. 28224896 7 38 dep chelation 850:858 arg1 The 846:848 The 846:848 The 846:848 The chelation and electrostatic attraction between Pb(II) and -OH (or -NH2) groups on the CMKGM-PDA formed a possible adsorption mechanism. 28224896 2 39 theme Pb 298:299 arg1 removal 287:293 the removal 283:293 the removal of Pb(II) 283:303 CMKGM-PDA exhibited excellent adsorption performance for the removal of Pb(II) and could be a convenient agent for recovery. 28224896 7 40 theme possible 955:962 arg1 mechanism 975:983 a possible adsorption mechanism 953:983 a possible adsorption mechanism 953:983 The chelation and electrostatic attraction between Pb(II) and -OH (or -NH2) groups on the CMKGM-PDA formed a possible adsorption mechanism. 28224896 1 41 theme CMKGM-PDA 148:156 arg1 composite 159:167 polydopamine (CMKGM-PDA) composite 134:167 polydopamine (CMKGM-PDA) composite 134:167 Carboxylmethyl konjac glucomannan conjugated polydopamine (CMKGM-PDA) composite was successfully prepared using a cost-effective method. 28224896 7 42 theme electrostatic 864:876 arg1 attraction 878:887 electrostatic attraction 864:887 electrostatic attraction 864:887 The chelation and electrostatic attraction between Pb(II) and -OH (or -NH2) groups on the CMKGM-PDA formed a possible adsorption mechanism. 26360299 1 0 with structure 251:259 arg1 properties 292:301 remarkable physiochemical properties 266:301 remarkable physiochemical properties for a wide range of medical and tissue-engineering applications 266:365 Bacterial cellulose pellicle produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) is one of the best biobased materials having a unique supernetwork structure with remarkable physiochemical properties for a wide range of medical and tissue-engineering applications. 26360299 3 1 theme research 543:550 arg1 aim 531:533 The aim 527:533 The aim of this research 527:550 The aim of this research was to develop a gene-transformation route for the production of bacterial cellulose/Curdlan (β-1,3-glucan) nanocomposites by separate but simultaneous in vivo synthesis of cellulose and Curdlan. 26360299 5 2 theme structure 1220:1228 arg1 disruption 1184:1193 disruption 1184:1193 disruption of the nanofiber network structure in the pellicle 1184:1244 The obtained Curdlan/cellulose composites were characterized, and their properties were compared with those of normal bacterial cellulose pellicles, indicating that Curdlan mixed with the cellulose nanofibers at the nanoscale without disruption of the nanofiber network structure in the pellicle. 26360299 1 3 theme physiochemical 277:290 arg1 properties 292:301 remarkable physiochemical properties 266:301 remarkable physiochemical properties for a wide range of medical and tissue-engineering applications 266:365 Bacterial cellulose pellicle produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) is one of the best biobased materials having a unique supernetwork structure with remarkable physiochemical properties for a wide range of medical and tissue-engineering applications. 26360299 5 4 from disruption 1184:1193 arg1 pellicle 1237:1244 the pellicle 1233:1244 the pellicle 1233:1244 The obtained Curdlan/cellulose composites were characterized, and their properties were compared with those of normal bacterial cellulose pellicles, indicating that Curdlan mixed with the cellulose nanofibers at the nanoscale without disruption of the nanofiber network structure in the pellicle. 26360299 5 5 theme nanofiber 1202:1210 arg1 structure 1220:1228 the nanofiber network structure 1198:1228 the nanofiber network structure 1198:1228 The obtained Curdlan/cellulose composites were characterized, and their properties were compared with those of normal bacterial cellulose pellicles, indicating that Curdlan mixed with the cellulose nanofibers at the nanoscale without disruption of the nanofiber network structure in the pellicle. 26360299 5 6 theme network 1212:1218 arg1 structure 1220:1228 the nanofiber network structure 1198:1228 the nanofiber network structure 1198:1228 The obtained Curdlan/cellulose composites were characterized, and their properties were compared with those of normal bacterial cellulose pellicles, indicating that Curdlan mixed with the cellulose nanofibers at the nanoscale without disruption of the nanofiber network structure in the pellicle. 26360299 5 7 theme cellulose 1078:1086 arg1 pellicles 1088:1096 normal bacterial cellulose pellicles 1061:1096 normal bacterial cellulose pellicles 1061:1096 The obtained Curdlan/cellulose composites were characterized, and their properties were compared with those of normal bacterial cellulose pellicles, indicating that Curdlan mixed with the cellulose nanofibers at the nanoscale without disruption of the nanofiber network structure in the pellicle. 26360299 4 8 dep G. 808:809 arg1 xylinus 811:817 G. xylinus 808:817 G. xylinus 808:817 Modification of the cellulose-nanofiber-producing system of G. xylinus enabled Curdlan to be synthesized simultaneously with cellulose nanofibers in vivo, resulting in biopreparation of nanocomposites. 26360299 2 9 with use 449:451 arg1 biodegradability 492:507 biodegradability 492:507 biodegradability 492:507 It is still necessary to modify them to obtain materials suitable for biomedical use with satisfactory mechanical strength, biodegradability, and bioactivity. 26360299 2 9 with use 449:451 arg1 bioactivity 514:524 bioactivity 514:524 bioactivity 514:524 It is still necessary to modify them to obtain materials suitable for biomedical use with satisfactory mechanical strength, biodegradability, and bioactivity. 26360299 2 9 with use 449:451 arg1 strength 482:489 satisfactory mechanical strength 458:489 satisfactory mechanical strength 458:489 It is still necessary to modify them to obtain materials suitable for biomedical use with satisfactory mechanical strength, biodegradability, and bioactivity. 26360299 1 10 dep G. 172:173 arg1 xylinus 175:181 G. xylinus 172:181 G. xylinus 172:181 Bacterial cellulose pellicle produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) is one of the best biobased materials having a unique supernetwork structure with remarkable physiochemical properties for a wide range of medical and tissue-engineering applications. 26360299 4 11 theme system 798:803 arg1 Modification 748:759 Modification 748:759 Modification of the cellulose-nanofiber-producing system of G. xylinus 748:817 Modification of the cellulose-nanofiber-producing system of G. xylinus enabled Curdlan to be synthesized simultaneously with cellulose nanofibers in vivo, resulting in biopreparation of nanocomposites. 26360299 4 12 theme nanocomposites 934:947 arg1 biopreparation 916:929 biopreparation 916:929 biopreparation of nanocomposites 916:947 Modification of the cellulose-nanofiber-producing system of G. xylinus enabled Curdlan to be synthesized simultaneously with cellulose nanofibers in vivo, resulting in biopreparation of nanocomposites. 26360299 5 13 theme obtained 954:961 arg1 composites 981:990 The obtained Curdlan/cellulose composites 950:990 The obtained Curdlan/cellulose composites 950:990 The obtained Curdlan/cellulose composites were characterized, and their properties were compared with those of normal bacterial cellulose pellicles, indicating that Curdlan mixed with the cellulose nanofibers at the nanoscale without disruption of the nanofiber network structure in the pellicle. 26360299 1 14 theme Bacterial 104:112 arg1 pellicle 124:131 Bacterial cellulose pellicle 104:131 Bacterial cellulose pellicle produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) 104:182 Bacterial cellulose pellicle produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) is one of the best biobased materials having a unique supernetwork structure with remarkable physiochemical properties for a wide range of medical and tissue-engineering applications. 26360299 2 15 theme suitable 425:432 arg1 materials 415:423 materials 415:423 materials suitable for biomedical use with satisfactory mechanical strength, biodegradability, and bioactivity 415:524 It is still necessary to modify them to obtain materials suitable for biomedical use with satisfactory mechanical strength, biodegradability, and bioactivity. 26360299 2 16 theme mechanical 471:480 arg1 strength 482:489 satisfactory mechanical strength 458:489 satisfactory mechanical strength 458:489 It is still necessary to modify them to obtain materials suitable for biomedical use with satisfactory mechanical strength, biodegradability, and bioactivity. 26360299 1 17 theme cellulose 114:122 arg1 pellicle 124:131 Bacterial cellulose pellicle 104:131 Bacterial cellulose pellicle produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) 104:182 Bacterial cellulose pellicle produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) is one of the best biobased materials having a unique supernetwork structure with remarkable physiochemical properties for a wide range of medical and tissue-engineering applications. 26360299 1 18 theme best 198:201 arg1 materials 212:220 the best biobased materials 194:220 the best biobased materials having a unique supernetwork structure with remarkable physiochemical properties for a wide range of medical and tissue-engineering applications 194:365 Bacterial cellulose pellicle produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) is one of the best biobased materials having a unique supernetwork structure with remarkable physiochemical properties for a wide range of medical and tissue-engineering applications. 26360299 0 19 theme In 0:1 arg1 Synthesis 43:51 In Vivo Curdlan/Cellulose Bionanocomposite Synthesis 0:51 In Vivo Curdlan/Cellulose Bionanocomposite Synthesis by Genetically Modified Gluconacetobacter xylinus. 0:102 In Vivo Curdlan/Cellulose Bionanocomposite Synthesis by Genetically Modified Gluconacetobacter xylinus. 26360299 1 20 theme wide 309:312 arg1 range 314:318 a wide range 307:318 a wide range of medical and tissue-engineering applications 307:365 Bacterial cellulose pellicle produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) is one of the best biobased materials having a unique supernetwork structure with remarkable physiochemical properties for a wide range of medical and tissue-engineering applications. 26360299 3 21 theme cellulose 725:733 arg1 synthesis 712:720 separate but simultaneous in vivo synthesis 678:720 separate but simultaneous in vivo synthesis of cellulose and Curdlan 678:745 The aim of this research was to develop a gene-transformation route for the production of bacterial cellulose/Curdlan (β-1,3-glucan) nanocomposites by separate but simultaneous in vivo synthesis of cellulose and Curdlan. 26360299 3 22 theme bacterial 617:625 arg1 nanocomposites 660:673 bacterial cellulose/Curdlan (β-1,3-glucan) nanocomposites 617:673 bacterial cellulose/Curdlan (β-1,3-glucan) nanocomposites 617:673 The aim of this research was to develop a gene-transformation route for the production of bacterial cellulose/Curdlan (β-1,3-glucan) nanocomposites by separate but simultaneous in vivo synthesis of cellulose and Curdlan. 26360299 1 23 theme biobased 203:210 arg1 materials 212:220 the best biobased materials 194:220 the best biobased materials having a unique supernetwork structure with remarkable physiochemical properties for a wide range of medical and tissue-engineering applications 194:365 Bacterial cellulose pellicle produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) is one of the best biobased materials having a unique supernetwork structure with remarkable physiochemical properties for a wide range of medical and tissue-engineering applications. 26360299 0 24 theme Bionanocomposite 26:41 arg1 Synthesis 43:51 In Vivo Curdlan/Cellulose Bionanocomposite Synthesis 0:51 In Vivo Curdlan/Cellulose Bionanocomposite Synthesis by Genetically Modified Gluconacetobacter xylinus. 0:102 In Vivo Curdlan/Cellulose Bionanocomposite Synthesis by Genetically Modified Gluconacetobacter xylinus. 26360299 5 25 theme normal 1061:1066 arg1 pellicles 1088:1096 normal bacterial cellulose pellicles 1061:1096 normal bacterial cellulose pellicles 1061:1096 The obtained Curdlan/cellulose composites were characterized, and their properties were compared with those of normal bacterial cellulose pellicles, indicating that Curdlan mixed with the cellulose nanofibers at the nanoscale without disruption of the nanofiber network structure in the pellicle. 26360299 1 26 theme materials 212:220 arg1 materials 212:220 the best biobased materials 194:220 the best biobased materials having a unique supernetwork structure with remarkable physiochemical properties for a wide range of medical and tissue-engineering applications 194:365 Bacterial cellulose pellicle produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) is one of the best biobased materials having a unique supernetwork structure with remarkable physiochemical properties for a wide range of medical and tissue-engineering applications. 26360299 1 26 theme materials 212:220 arg1 one 187:189 one 187:189 one 187:189 Bacterial cellulose pellicle produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) is one of the best biobased materials having a unique supernetwork structure with remarkable physiochemical properties for a wide range of medical and tissue-engineering applications. 26360299 0 27 theme Curdlan/Cellulose 8:24 arg1 Synthesis 43:51 In Vivo Curdlan/Cellulose Bionanocomposite Synthesis 0:51 In Vivo Curdlan/Cellulose Bionanocomposite Synthesis by Genetically Modified Gluconacetobacter xylinus. 0:102 In Vivo Curdlan/Cellulose Bionanocomposite Synthesis by Genetically Modified Gluconacetobacter xylinus. 26360299 5 28 theme bacterial 1068:1076 arg1 pellicles 1088:1096 normal bacterial cellulose pellicles 1061:1096 normal bacterial cellulose pellicles 1061:1096 The obtained Curdlan/cellulose composites were characterized, and their properties were compared with those of normal bacterial cellulose pellicles, indicating that Curdlan mixed with the cellulose nanofibers at the nanoscale without disruption of the nanofiber network structure in the pellicle. 26360299 1 29 theme medical 323:329 arg1 applications 354:365 medical and tissue-engineering applications 323:365 medical and tissue-engineering applications 323:365 Bacterial cellulose pellicle produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) is one of the best biobased materials having a unique supernetwork structure with remarkable physiochemical properties for a wide range of medical and tissue-engineering applications. 26360299 3 30 theme β-1,3-glucan 646:657 arg1 nanocomposites 660:673 bacterial cellulose/Curdlan (β-1,3-glucan) nanocomposites 617:673 bacterial cellulose/Curdlan (β-1,3-glucan) nanocomposites 617:673 The aim of this research was to develop a gene-transformation route for the production of bacterial cellulose/Curdlan (β-1,3-glucan) nanocomposites by separate but simultaneous in vivo synthesis of cellulose and Curdlan. 26360299 3 31 theme simultaneous 691:702 arg1 synthesis 712:720 separate but simultaneous in vivo synthesis 678:720 separate but simultaneous in vivo synthesis of cellulose and Curdlan 678:745 The aim of this research was to develop a gene-transformation route for the production of bacterial cellulose/Curdlan (β-1,3-glucan) nanocomposites by separate but simultaneous in vivo synthesis of cellulose and Curdlan. 26360299 1 32 theme unique 231:236 arg1 structure 251:259 a unique supernetwork structure 229:259 a unique supernetwork structure with remarkable physiochemical properties for a wide range of medical and tissue-engineering applications 229:365 Bacterial cellulose pellicle produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) is one of the best biobased materials having a unique supernetwork structure with remarkable physiochemical properties for a wide range of medical and tissue-engineering applications. 26360299 0 33 theme Modified 68:75 arg1 xylinus 95:101 Genetically Modified Gluconacetobacter xylinus 56:101 Genetically Modified Gluconacetobacter xylinus 56:101 In Vivo Curdlan/Cellulose Bionanocomposite Synthesis by Genetically Modified Gluconacetobacter xylinus. 26360299 1 34 theme tissue-engineering 335:352 arg1 applications 354:365 medical and tissue-engineering applications 323:365 medical and tissue-engineering applications 323:365 Bacterial cellulose pellicle produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) is one of the best biobased materials having a unique supernetwork structure with remarkable physiochemical properties for a wide range of medical and tissue-engineering applications. 26360299 3 35 theme in 704:705 arg1 synthesis 712:720 separate but simultaneous in vivo synthesis 678:720 separate but simultaneous in vivo synthesis of cellulose and Curdlan 678:745 The aim of this research was to develop a gene-transformation route for the production of bacterial cellulose/Curdlan (β-1,3-glucan) nanocomposites by separate but simultaneous in vivo synthesis of cellulose and Curdlan. 26360299 3 36 theme cellulose/Curdlan 627:643 arg1 nanocomposites 660:673 bacterial cellulose/Curdlan (β-1,3-glucan) nanocomposites 617:673 bacterial cellulose/Curdlan (β-1,3-glucan) nanocomposites 617:673 The aim of this research was to develop a gene-transformation route for the production of bacterial cellulose/Curdlan (β-1,3-glucan) nanocomposites by separate but simultaneous in vivo synthesis of cellulose and Curdlan. 26360299 1 37 theme Gluconacetobacter 145:161 arg1 G. 172:173 G. 172:173 G. 172:173 Bacterial cellulose pellicle produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) is one of the best biobased materials having a unique supernetwork structure with remarkable physiochemical properties for a wide range of medical and tissue-engineering applications. 26360299 1 37 theme Gluconacetobacter 145:161 arg1 xylinus 163:169 Gluconacetobacter xylinus 145:169 Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) 145:182 Bacterial cellulose pellicle produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) is one of the best biobased materials having a unique supernetwork structure with remarkable physiochemical properties for a wide range of medical and tissue-engineering applications. 26360299 1 38 theme applications 354:365 arg1 range 314:318 a wide range 307:318 a wide range of medical and tissue-engineering applications 307:365 Bacterial cellulose pellicle produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) is one of the best biobased materials having a unique supernetwork structure with remarkable physiochemical properties for a wide range of medical and tissue-engineering applications. 26360299 4 39 theme cellulose-nanofiber-producing 768:796 arg1 system 798:803 the cellulose-nanofiber-producing system 764:803 the cellulose-nanofiber-producing system 764:803 Modification of the cellulose-nanofiber-producing system of G. xylinus enabled Curdlan to be synthesized simultaneously with cellulose nanofibers in vivo, resulting in biopreparation of nanocomposites. 26360299 3 40 theme Curdlan 739:745 arg1 synthesis 712:720 separate but simultaneous in vivo synthesis 678:720 separate but simultaneous in vivo synthesis of cellulose and Curdlan 678:745 The aim of this research was to develop a gene-transformation route for the production of bacterial cellulose/Curdlan (β-1,3-glucan) nanocomposites by separate but simultaneous in vivo synthesis of cellulose and Curdlan. 26360299 3 41 theme separate 678:685 arg1 synthesis 712:720 separate but simultaneous in vivo synthesis 678:720 separate but simultaneous in vivo synthesis of cellulose and Curdlan 678:745 The aim of this research was to develop a gene-transformation route for the production of bacterial cellulose/Curdlan (β-1,3-glucan) nanocomposites by separate but simultaneous in vivo synthesis of cellulose and Curdlan. 26360299 4 42 theme G. 808:809 arg1 Modification 748:759 Modification 748:759 Modification of the cellulose-nanofiber-producing system of G. xylinus 748:817 Modification of the cellulose-nanofiber-producing system of G. xylinus enabled Curdlan to be synthesized simultaneously with cellulose nanofibers in vivo, resulting in biopreparation of nanocomposites. 26360299 1 43 theme supernetwork 238:249 arg1 structure 251:259 a unique supernetwork structure 229:259 a unique supernetwork structure with remarkable physiochemical properties for a wide range of medical and tissue-engineering applications 229:365 Bacterial cellulose pellicle produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) is one of the best biobased materials having a unique supernetwork structure with remarkable physiochemical properties for a wide range of medical and tissue-engineering applications. 26360299 3 44 theme gene-transformation 569:587 arg1 route 589:593 a gene-transformation route 567:593 a gene-transformation route for the production of bacterial cellulose/Curdlan (β-1,3-glucan) nanocomposites by separate but simultaneous in vivo synthesis of cellulose and Curdlan 567:745 The aim of this research was to develop a gene-transformation route for the production of bacterial cellulose/Curdlan (β-1,3-glucan) nanocomposites by separate but simultaneous in vivo synthesis of cellulose and Curdlan. 26360299 1 45 contain having 222:227 arg2 structure 251:259 a unique supernetwork structure 229:259 a unique supernetwork structure with remarkable physiochemical properties for a wide range of medical and tissue-engineering applications 229:365 Bacterial cellulose pellicle produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) is one of the best biobased materials having a unique supernetwork structure with remarkable physiochemical properties for a wide range of medical and tissue-engineering applications. 26360299 1 45 contain having 222:227 arg1 materials 212:220 the best biobased materials 194:220 the best biobased materials having a unique supernetwork structure with remarkable physiochemical properties for a wide range of medical and tissue-engineering applications 194:365 Bacterial cellulose pellicle produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) is one of the best biobased materials having a unique supernetwork structure with remarkable physiochemical properties for a wide range of medical and tissue-engineering applications. 26360299 4 46 theme cellulose 873:881 arg1 nanofibers 883:892 cellulose nanofibers 873:892 cellulose nanofibers 873:892 Modification of the cellulose-nanofiber-producing system of G. xylinus enabled Curdlan to be synthesized simultaneously with cellulose nanofibers in vivo, resulting in biopreparation of nanocomposites. 26360299 3 47 dep in 704:705 arg1 vivo 707:710 vivo 707:710 vivo 707:710 The aim of this research was to develop a gene-transformation route for the production of bacterial cellulose/Curdlan (β-1,3-glucan) nanocomposites by separate but simultaneous in vivo synthesis of cellulose and Curdlan. 26360299 2 48 theme biomedical 438:447 arg1 use 449:451 biomedical use 438:451 biomedical use with satisfactory mechanical strength, biodegradability, and bioactivity 438:524 It is still necessary to modify them to obtain materials suitable for biomedical use with satisfactory mechanical strength, biodegradability, and bioactivity. 26360299 3 49 theme nanocomposites 660:673 arg1 production 603:612 the production 599:612 the production of bacterial cellulose/Curdlan (β-1,3-glucan) nanocomposites by separate but simultaneous in vivo synthesis of cellulose and Curdlan 599:745 The aim of this research was to develop a gene-transformation route for the production of bacterial cellulose/Curdlan (β-1,3-glucan) nanocomposites by separate but simultaneous in vivo synthesis of cellulose and Curdlan. 26360299 2 50 theme satisfactory 458:469 arg1 strength 482:489 satisfactory mechanical strength 458:489 satisfactory mechanical strength 458:489 It is still necessary to modify them to obtain materials suitable for biomedical use with satisfactory mechanical strength, biodegradability, and bioactivity. 26360299 5 51 theme Curdlan/cellulose 963:979 arg1 composites 981:990 The obtained Curdlan/cellulose composites 950:990 The obtained Curdlan/cellulose composites 950:990 The obtained Curdlan/cellulose composites were characterized, and their properties were compared with those of normal bacterial cellulose pellicles, indicating that Curdlan mixed with the cellulose nanofibers at the nanoscale without disruption of the nanofiber network structure in the pellicle. 26360299 0 52 theme Gluconacetobacter 77:93 arg1 xylinus 95:101 Genetically Modified Gluconacetobacter xylinus 56:101 Genetically Modified Gluconacetobacter xylinus 56:101 In Vivo Curdlan/Cellulose Bionanocomposite Synthesis by Genetically Modified Gluconacetobacter xylinus. 26360299 0 53 dep In 0:1 arg1 Vivo 3:6 Vivo 3:6 Vivo 3:6 In Vivo Curdlan/Cellulose Bionanocomposite Synthesis by Genetically Modified Gluconacetobacter xylinus. 26360299 1 54 theme remarkable 266:275 arg1 properties 292:301 remarkable physiochemical properties 266:301 remarkable physiochemical properties for a wide range of medical and tissue-engineering applications 266:365 Bacterial cellulose pellicle produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) is one of the best biobased materials having a unique supernetwork structure with remarkable physiochemical properties for a wide range of medical and tissue-engineering applications. 26307094 5 0 dep unsolved 1099:1106 arg1 n 1109:1109 n = 3 1109:1113 n = 3 1109:1113 Plasma samples were processed from controls (n = 56), patients with known defects (n = 30), and patients with secondary (n = 6) or unsolved (n = 3) cause of abnormal glycosylation. 26307094 10 1 theme single 2114:2119 arg1 assay 2121:2125 a single assay 2112:2125 a single assay 2112:2125 The established QTOF method affords high sensitivity and resolution for the detection of complete glycan loss and structural assignment of truncated glycans in a single assay. 26307094 3 2 theme high-resolution 519:533 arg1 time 583:586 high-resolution nano liquid chromatography-chip (C8)-quadrupole time 519:586 high-resolution nano liquid chromatography-chip (C8)-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS) 519:641 Here, we present the use of high-resolution nano liquid chromatography-chip (C8)-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS) for protein-specific glycoprofiling of intact transferrin, which allows screening and direct diagnosis of a number of CDG-II defects. 26307094 8 3 theme mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1667:1690 arg1 [MAN1B1-CDG 1714:1724 mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG 1667:1724 mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG 1667:1724 Known CDG-II defects (phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG], mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [MGAT2-CDG], β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [B4GALT1-CDG], CMP-sialic acid transporter [SLC35A1-CDG], UDP-galactose transporter [SLC35A2-CDG] and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG]) resulted in characteristic diagnostic profiles. 26307094 8 3 theme mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1667:1690 arg1 defects 1411:1417 Known CDG-II defects 1398:1417 Known CDG-II defects (phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG], mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [MGAT2-CDG], β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [B4GALT1-CDG], CMP-sialic acid transporter [SLC35A1-CDG], UDP-galactose transporter [SLC35A2-CDG] and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG]) 1398:1726 Known CDG-II defects (phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG], mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [MGAT2-CDG], β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [B4GALT1-CDG], CMP-sialic acid transporter [SLC35A1-CDG], UDP-galactose transporter [SLC35A2-CDG] and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG]) resulted in characteristic diagnostic profiles. 26307094 5 4 theme abnormal 1125:1132 arg1 glycosylation 1134:1146 abnormal glycosylation 1125:1146 abnormal glycosylation 1125:1146 Plasma samples were processed from controls (n = 56), patients with known defects (n = 30), and patients with secondary (n = 6) or unsolved (n = 3) cause of abnormal glycosylation. 26307094 10 5 theme established 1956:1966 arg1 method 1973:1978 The established QTOF method 1952:1978 The established QTOF method 1952:1978 The established QTOF method affords high sensitivity and resolution for the detection of complete glycan loss and structural assignment of truncated glycans in a single assay. 26307094 6 6 theme CDG 1194:1196 arg1 diagnostics 1198:1208 CDG diagnostics 1194:1208 CDG diagnostics 1194:1208 This fast and robust method, established for CDG diagnostics, requires only 2 hours analysis time, including sample preparation and analysis. 26307094 1 7 theme robust 295:300 arg1 method 302:307 a robust method 293:307 a robust method easily integrated in medical laboratories 293:349 Diagnostic screening of the congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) generally involves isoelectric focusing of plasma transferrin, a robust method easily integrated in medical laboratories. 26307094 1 7 theme robust 295:300 arg1 transferrin 280:290 plasma transferrin 273:290 plasma transferrin 273:290 Diagnostic screening of the congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) generally involves isoelectric focusing of plasma transferrin, a robust method easily integrated in medical laboratories. 26307094 4 8 theme MS. 862:864 arg1 distribution 873:884 nanoLC-chip-QTOF MS. Charge distribution raw data were deconvoluted by Mass Hunter software to reconstructed mass spectra 845:965 nanoLC-chip-QTOF MS. Charge distribution raw data were deconvoluted by Mass Hunter software to reconstructed mass spectra 845:965 Transferrin was immunopurified from 10 μL of plasma and analyzed by nanoLC-chip-QTOF MS. Charge distribution raw data were deconvoluted by Mass Hunter software to reconstructed mass spectra. 26307094 7 9 theme complete 1338:1345 arg1 N-glycans 1347:1355 complete N-glycans 1338:1355 complete N-glycans 1338:1355 For CDG-I patients, the characteristic loss of complete N-glycans could be detected with high sensitivity. 26307094 5 10 with patients 1022:1029 arg1 n 1051:1051 n = 30 1051:1056 n = 30 1051:1056 Plasma samples were processed from controls (n = 56), patients with known defects (n = 30), and patients with secondary (n = 6) or unsolved (n = 3) cause of abnormal glycosylation. 26307094 5 10 with patients 1022:1029 arg1 defects 1042:1048 known defects 1036:1048 known defects (n = 30) 1036:1057 Plasma samples were processed from controls (n = 56), patients with known defects (n = 30), and patients with secondary (n = 6) or unsolved (n = 3) cause of abnormal glycosylation. 26307094 5 10 with patients 1022:1029 arg1 cause 1116:1120 secondary (n = 6) or unsolved (n = 3) cause 1078:1120 secondary (n = 6) or unsolved (n = 3) cause of abnormal glycosylation 1078:1146 Plasma samples were processed from controls (n = 56), patients with known defects (n = 30), and patients with secondary (n = 6) or unsolved (n = 3) cause of abnormal glycosylation. 26307094 3 11 theme direct 729:734 arg1 diagnosis 736:744 direct diagnosis 729:744 direct diagnosis 729:744 Here, we present the use of high-resolution nano liquid chromatography-chip (C8)-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS) for protein-specific glycoprofiling of intact transferrin, which allows screening and direct diagnosis of a number of CDG-II defects. 26307094 8 12 dep defects 1411:1417 arg1 -glycoprotein 1470:1482 mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein 1453:1482 mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein 1453:1482 Known CDG-II defects (phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG], mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [MGAT2-CDG], β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [B4GALT1-CDG], CMP-sialic acid transporter [SLC35A1-CDG], UDP-galactose transporter [SLC35A2-CDG] and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG]) resulted in characteristic diagnostic profiles. 26307094 8 12 dep defects 1411:1417 arg1 [MAN1B1-CDG 1714:1724 mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG 1667:1724 mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG 1667:1724 Known CDG-II defects (phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG], mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [MGAT2-CDG], β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [B4GALT1-CDG], CMP-sialic acid transporter [SLC35A1-CDG], UDP-galactose transporter [SLC35A2-CDG] and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG]) resulted in characteristic diagnostic profiles. 26307094 8 12 dep defects 1411:1417 arg1 defects 1411:1417 Known CDG-II defects 1398:1417 Known CDG-II defects (phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG], mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [MGAT2-CDG], β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [B4GALT1-CDG], CMP-sialic acid transporter [SLC35A1-CDG], UDP-galactose transporter [SLC35A2-CDG] and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG]) 1398:1726 Known CDG-II defects (phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG], mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [MGAT2-CDG], β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [B4GALT1-CDG], CMP-sialic acid transporter [SLC35A1-CDG], UDP-galactose transporter [SLC35A2-CDG] and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG]) resulted in characteristic diagnostic profiles. 26307094 9 13 theme CDG 1939:1941 arg1 subtype 1943:1949 the specific CDG subtype 1926:1949 the specific CDG subtype 1926:1949 Moreover, in the group of Golgi trafficking defects and unsolved CDG-II patients, distinct profiles were observed, which facilitate identification of the specific CDG subtype. 26307094 3 14 theme CDG-II 761:766 arg1 defects 768:774 CDG-II defects 761:774 CDG-II defects 761:774 Here, we present the use of high-resolution nano liquid chromatography-chip (C8)-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS) for protein-specific glycoprofiling of intact transferrin, which allows screening and direct diagnosis of a number of CDG-II defects. 26307094 3 15 theme flight 591:596 arg1 spectrometry 603:614 flight mass spectrometry 591:614 flight mass spectrometry (nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS) 591:641 Here, we present the use of high-resolution nano liquid chromatography-chip (C8)-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS) for protein-specific glycoprofiling of intact transferrin, which allows screening and direct diagnosis of a number of CDG-II defects. 26307094 3 15 theme flight 591:596 arg1 MS 639:640 nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS 617:640 nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS 617:640 Here, we present the use of high-resolution nano liquid chromatography-chip (C8)-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS) for protein-specific glycoprofiling of intact transferrin, which allows screening and direct diagnosis of a number of CDG-II defects. 26307094 4 16 theme reconstructed 940:952 arg1 spectra 959:965 reconstructed mass spectra 940:965 reconstructed mass spectra 940:965 Transferrin was immunopurified from 10 μL of plasma and analyzed by nanoLC-chip-QTOF MS. Charge distribution raw data were deconvoluted by Mass Hunter software to reconstructed mass spectra. 26307094 3 17 theme number 751:756 arg1 screening 715:723 screening 715:723 screening 715:723 Here, we present the use of high-resolution nano liquid chromatography-chip (C8)-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS) for protein-specific glycoprofiling of intact transferrin, which allows screening and direct diagnosis of a number of CDG-II defects. 26307094 3 17 theme number 751:756 arg1 diagnosis 736:744 direct diagnosis 729:744 direct diagnosis 729:744 Here, we present the use of high-resolution nano liquid chromatography-chip (C8)-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS) for protein-specific glycoprofiling of intact transferrin, which allows screening and direct diagnosis of a number of CDG-II defects. 26307094 3 18 theme time 583:586 arg1 use 512:514 the use 508:514 the use of high-resolution nano liquid chromatography-chip (C8)-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS) for protein-specific glycoprofiling of intact transferrin, which allows screening and direct diagnosis of a number of CDG-II defects 508:774 Here, we present the use of high-resolution nano liquid chromatography-chip (C8)-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS) for protein-specific glycoprofiling of intact transferrin, which allows screening and direct diagnosis of a number of CDG-II defects. 26307094 8 19 theme diagnostic 1755:1764 arg1 profiles 1766:1773 characteristic diagnostic profiles 1740:1773 characteristic diagnostic profiles 1740:1773 Known CDG-II defects (phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG], mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [MGAT2-CDG], β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [B4GALT1-CDG], CMP-sialic acid transporter [SLC35A1-CDG], UDP-galactose transporter [SLC35A2-CDG] and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG]) resulted in characteristic diagnostic profiles. 26307094 6 20 theme robust 1163:1168 arg1 method 1170:1175 This fast and robust method 1149:1175 This fast and robust method 1149:1175 This fast and robust method, established for CDG diagnostics, requires only 2 hours analysis time, including sample preparation and analysis. 26307094 11 21 theme diagnostic 2172:2181 arg1 step 2206:2209 a first step 2198:2209 a first step in the diagnostic procedure for CDG defects 2198:2253 The speed and robustness allow its clinical diagnostic application as a first step in the diagnostic procedure for CDG defects. 26307094 11 21 theme diagnostic 2172:2181 arg1 application 2183:2193 its clinical diagnostic application 2159:2193 its clinical diagnostic application 2159:2193 The speed and robustness allow its clinical diagnostic application as a first step in the diagnostic procedure for CDG defects. 26307094 9 22 located observed 1881:1888 arg1 defects 1820:1826 Golgi trafficking defects 1802:1826 Golgi trafficking defects 1802:1826 Moreover, in the group of Golgi trafficking defects and unsolved CDG-II patients, distinct profiles were observed, which facilitate identification of the specific CDG subtype. 26307094 9 22 located observed 1881:1888 arg1 patients 1848:1855 unsolved CDG-II patients 1832:1855 unsolved CDG-II patients 1832:1855 Moreover, in the group of Golgi trafficking defects and unsolved CDG-II patients, distinct profiles were observed, which facilitate identification of the specific CDG subtype. 26307094 9 22 located observed 1881:1888 arg1 group 1793:1797 the group 1789:1797 the group of Golgi trafficking defects and unsolved CDG-II patients 1789:1855 Moreover, in the group of Golgi trafficking defects and unsolved CDG-II patients, distinct profiles were observed, which facilitate identification of the specific CDG subtype. 26307094 9 22 located observed 1881:1888 arg2 profiles 1867:1874 distinct profiles 1858:1874 distinct profiles 1858:1874 Moreover, in the group of Golgi trafficking defects and unsolved CDG-II patients, distinct profiles were observed, which facilitate identification of the specific CDG subtype. 26307094 3 23 theme nanoLC-chip 617:627 arg1 spectrometry 603:614 flight mass spectrometry 591:614 flight mass spectrometry (nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS) 591:641 Here, we present the use of high-resolution nano liquid chromatography-chip (C8)-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS) for protein-specific glycoprofiling of intact transferrin, which allows screening and direct diagnosis of a number of CDG-II defects. 26307094 3 23 theme nanoLC-chip 617:627 arg1 MS 639:640 nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS 617:640 nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS 617:640 Here, we present the use of high-resolution nano liquid chromatography-chip (C8)-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS) for protein-specific glycoprofiling of intact transferrin, which allows screening and direct diagnosis of a number of CDG-II defects. 26307094 4 24 theme Mass 916:919 arg1 software 928:935 Mass Hunter software 916:935 Mass Hunter software to reconstructed mass spectra 916:965 Transferrin was immunopurified from 10 μL of plasma and analyzed by nanoLC-chip-QTOF MS. Charge distribution raw data were deconvoluted by Mass Hunter software to reconstructed mass spectra. 26307094 6 25 theme fast 1154:1157 arg1 method 1170:1175 This fast and robust method 1149:1175 This fast and robust method 1149:1175 This fast and robust method, established for CDG diagnostics, requires only 2 hours analysis time, including sample preparation and analysis. 26307094 6 26 theme hours 1227:1231 arg1 time 1242:1245 only 2 hours analysis time 1220:1245 only 2 hours analysis time 1220:1245 This fast and robust method, established for CDG diagnostics, requires only 2 hours analysis time, including sample preparation and analysis. 26307094 3 27 theme spectrometry 603:614 arg1 time 583:586 high-resolution nano liquid chromatography-chip (C8)-quadrupole time 519:586 high-resolution nano liquid chromatography-chip (C8)-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS) 519:641 Here, we present the use of high-resolution nano liquid chromatography-chip (C8)-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS) for protein-specific glycoprofiling of intact transferrin, which allows screening and direct diagnosis of a number of CDG-II defects. 26307094 10 28 theme complete 2041:2048 arg1 loss 2057:2060 complete glycan loss 2041:2060 complete glycan loss 2041:2060 The established QTOF method affords high sensitivity and resolution for the detection of complete glycan loss and structural assignment of truncated glycans in a single assay. 26307094 1 29 theme Diagnostic 158:167 arg1 screening 169:177 Diagnostic screening 158:177 Diagnostic screening of the congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) 158:228 Diagnostic screening of the congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) generally involves isoelectric focusing of plasma transferrin, a robust method easily integrated in medical laboratories. 26307094 8 30 theme CDG-II 1404:1409 arg1 -glycoprotein 1470:1482 mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein 1453:1482 mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein 1453:1482 Known CDG-II defects (phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG], mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [MGAT2-CDG], β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [B4GALT1-CDG], CMP-sialic acid transporter [SLC35A1-CDG], UDP-galactose transporter [SLC35A2-CDG] and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG]) resulted in characteristic diagnostic profiles. 26307094 8 30 theme CDG-II 1404:1409 arg1 [MAN1B1-CDG 1714:1724 mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG 1667:1724 mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG 1667:1724 Known CDG-II defects (phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG], mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [MGAT2-CDG], β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [B4GALT1-CDG], CMP-sialic acid transporter [SLC35A1-CDG], UDP-galactose transporter [SLC35A2-CDG] and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG]) resulted in characteristic diagnostic profiles. 26307094 8 30 theme CDG-II 1404:1409 arg1 defects 1411:1417 Known CDG-II defects 1398:1417 Known CDG-II defects (phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG], mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [MGAT2-CDG], β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [B4GALT1-CDG], CMP-sialic acid transporter [SLC35A1-CDG], UDP-galactose transporter [SLC35A2-CDG] and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG]) 1398:1726 Known CDG-II defects (phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG], mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [MGAT2-CDG], β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [B4GALT1-CDG], CMP-sialic acid transporter [SLC35A1-CDG], UDP-galactose transporter [SLC35A2-CDG] and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG]) resulted in characteristic diagnostic profiles. 26307094 11 31 theme diagnostic 2218:2227 arg1 procedure 2229:2237 the diagnostic procedure 2214:2237 the diagnostic procedure for CDG defects 2214:2253 The speed and robustness allow its clinical diagnostic application as a first step in the diagnostic procedure for CDG defects. 26307094 10 32 theme structural 2066:2075 arg1 assignment 2077:2086 structural assignment 2066:2086 structural assignment of truncated glycans 2066:2107 The established QTOF method affords high sensitivity and resolution for the detection of complete glycan loss and structural assignment of truncated glycans in a single assay. 26307094 0 33 theme subtype 89:95 arg1 identification 97:110 subtype identification 89:110 subtype identification 89:110 High-resolution mass spectrometry glycoprofiling of intact transferrin for diagnosis and subtype identification in the congenital disorders of glycosylation. 26307094 1 34 theme congenital 186:195 arg1 disorders 197:205 the congenital disorders 182:205 the congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) 182:228 Diagnostic screening of the congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) generally involves isoelectric focusing of plasma transferrin, a robust method easily integrated in medical laboratories. 26307094 10 35 theme loss 2057:2060 arg1 detection 2028:2036 the detection 2024:2036 the detection of complete glycan loss 2024:2060 The established QTOF method affords high sensitivity and resolution for the detection of complete glycan loss and structural assignment of truncated glycans in a single assay. 26307094 0 36 from transferrin 59:69 arg1 disorders 130:138 the congenital disorders 115:138 the congenital disorders of glycosylation 115:155 High-resolution mass spectrometry glycoprofiling of intact transferrin for diagnosis and subtype identification in the congenital disorders of glycosylation. 26307094 0 37 theme congenital 119:128 arg1 disorders 130:138 the congenital disorders 115:138 the congenital disorders of glycosylation 115:155 High-resolution mass spectrometry glycoprofiling of intact transferrin for diagnosis and subtype identification in the congenital disorders of glycosylation. 26307094 5 38 theme secondary 1078:1086 arg1 cause 1116:1120 secondary (n = 6) or unsolved (n = 3) cause 1078:1120 secondary (n = 6) or unsolved (n = 3) cause of abnormal glycosylation 1078:1146 Plasma samples were processed from controls (n = 56), patients with known defects (n = 30), and patients with secondary (n = 6) or unsolved (n = 3) cause of abnormal glycosylation. 26307094 9 39 theme Golgi 1802:1806 arg1 defects 1820:1826 Golgi trafficking defects 1802:1826 Golgi trafficking defects 1802:1826 Moreover, in the group of Golgi trafficking defects and unsolved CDG-II patients, distinct profiles were observed, which facilitate identification of the specific CDG subtype. 26307094 8 40 theme mannosyl 1453:1460 arg1 -glycoprotein 1470:1482 mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein 1453:1482 mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein 1453:1482 Known CDG-II defects (phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG], mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [MGAT2-CDG], β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [B4GALT1-CDG], CMP-sialic acid transporter [SLC35A1-CDG], UDP-galactose transporter [SLC35A2-CDG] and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG]) resulted in characteristic diagnostic profiles. 26307094 8 40 theme mannosyl 1453:1460 arg1 defects 1411:1417 Known CDG-II defects 1398:1417 Known CDG-II defects (phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG], mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [MGAT2-CDG], β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [B4GALT1-CDG], CMP-sialic acid transporter [SLC35A1-CDG], UDP-galactose transporter [SLC35A2-CDG] and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG]) 1398:1726 Known CDG-II defects (phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG], mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [MGAT2-CDG], β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [B4GALT1-CDG], CMP-sialic acid transporter [SLC35A1-CDG], UDP-galactose transporter [SLC35A2-CDG] and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG]) resulted in characteristic diagnostic profiles. 26307094 0 41 theme High-resolution 0:14 arg1 spectrometry 21:32 High-resolution mass spectrometry 0:32 High-resolution mass spectrometry 0:32 High-resolution mass spectrometry glycoprofiling of intact transferrin for diagnosis and subtype identification in the congenital disorders of glycosylation. 26307094 5 42 theme = 1111:1111 arg1 n 1109:1109 n = 3 1109:1113 n = 3 1109:1113 Plasma samples were processed from controls (n = 56), patients with known defects (n = 30), and patients with secondary (n = 6) or unsolved (n = 3) cause of abnormal glycosylation. 26307094 5 43 theme Plasma 968:973 arg1 samples 975:981 Plasma samples 968:981 Plasma samples 968:981 Plasma samples were processed from controls (n = 56), patients with known defects (n = 30), and patients with secondary (n = 6) or unsolved (n = 3) cause of abnormal glycosylation. 26307094 2 44 theme defects 473:479 arg1 classification 435:448 the challenging classification 419:448 the challenging classification of Golgi glycosylation defects (CDG-II) 419:488 Structural information is needed as the next step, as required for the challenging classification of Golgi glycosylation defects (CDG-II). 26307094 8 45 theme α-1,6- 1463:1468 arg1 -glycoprotein 1470:1482 mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein 1453:1482 mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein 1453:1482 Known CDG-II defects (phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG], mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [MGAT2-CDG], β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [B4GALT1-CDG], CMP-sialic acid transporter [SLC35A1-CDG], UDP-galactose transporter [SLC35A2-CDG] and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG]) resulted in characteristic diagnostic profiles. 26307094 8 45 theme α-1,6- 1463:1468 arg1 defects 1411:1417 Known CDG-II defects 1398:1417 Known CDG-II defects (phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG], mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [MGAT2-CDG], β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [B4GALT1-CDG], CMP-sialic acid transporter [SLC35A1-CDG], UDP-galactose transporter [SLC35A2-CDG] and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG]) 1398:1726 Known CDG-II defects (phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG], mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [MGAT2-CDG], β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [B4GALT1-CDG], CMP-sialic acid transporter [SLC35A1-CDG], UDP-galactose transporter [SLC35A2-CDG] and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG]) resulted in characteristic diagnostic profiles. 26307094 9 46 theme defects 1820:1826 arg1 defects 1820:1826 Golgi trafficking defects 1802:1826 Golgi trafficking defects 1802:1826 Moreover, in the group of Golgi trafficking defects and unsolved CDG-II patients, distinct profiles were observed, which facilitate identification of the specific CDG subtype. 26307094 9 46 theme defects 1820:1826 arg1 patients 1848:1855 unsolved CDG-II patients 1832:1855 unsolved CDG-II patients 1832:1855 Moreover, in the group of Golgi trafficking defects and unsolved CDG-II patients, distinct profiles were observed, which facilitate identification of the specific CDG subtype. 26307094 9 46 theme defects 1820:1826 arg1 group 1793:1797 the group 1789:1797 the group of Golgi trafficking defects and unsolved CDG-II patients 1789:1855 Moreover, in the group of Golgi trafficking defects and unsolved CDG-II patients, distinct profiles were observed, which facilitate identification of the specific CDG subtype. 26307094 2 47 theme Golgi 453:457 arg1 CDG-II 482:487 CDG-II 482:487 CDG-II 482:487 Structural information is needed as the next step, as required for the challenging classification of Golgi glycosylation defects (CDG-II). 26307094 2 47 theme Golgi 453:457 arg1 defects 473:479 Golgi glycosylation defects 453:479 Golgi glycosylation defects (CDG-II) 453:488 Structural information is needed as the next step, as required for the challenging classification of Golgi glycosylation defects (CDG-II). 26307094 9 48 theme unsolved 1832:1839 arg1 patients 1848:1855 unsolved CDG-II patients 1832:1855 unsolved CDG-II patients 1832:1855 Moreover, in the group of Golgi trafficking defects and unsolved CDG-II patients, distinct profiles were observed, which facilitate identification of the specific CDG subtype. 26307094 1 49 theme medical 330:336 arg1 laboratories 338:349 medical laboratories 330:349 medical laboratories 330:349 Diagnostic screening of the congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) generally involves isoelectric focusing of plasma transferrin, a robust method easily integrated in medical laboratories. 26307094 9 50 theme patients 1848:1855 arg1 defects 1820:1826 Golgi trafficking defects 1802:1826 Golgi trafficking defects 1802:1826 Moreover, in the group of Golgi trafficking defects and unsolved CDG-II patients, distinct profiles were observed, which facilitate identification of the specific CDG subtype. 26307094 9 50 theme patients 1848:1855 arg1 patients 1848:1855 unsolved CDG-II patients 1832:1855 unsolved CDG-II patients 1832:1855 Moreover, in the group of Golgi trafficking defects and unsolved CDG-II patients, distinct profiles were observed, which facilitate identification of the specific CDG subtype. 26307094 9 50 theme patients 1848:1855 arg1 group 1793:1797 the group 1789:1797 the group of Golgi trafficking defects and unsolved CDG-II patients 1789:1855 Moreover, in the group of Golgi trafficking defects and unsolved CDG-II patients, distinct profiles were observed, which facilitate identification of the specific CDG subtype. 26307094 5 51 theme known 1036:1040 arg1 n 1051:1051 n = 30 1051:1056 n = 30 1051:1056 Plasma samples were processed from controls (n = 56), patients with known defects (n = 30), and patients with secondary (n = 6) or unsolved (n = 3) cause of abnormal glycosylation. 26307094 5 51 theme known 1036:1040 arg1 defects 1042:1048 known defects 1036:1048 known defects (n = 30) 1036:1057 Plasma samples were processed from controls (n = 56), patients with known defects (n = 30), and patients with secondary (n = 6) or unsolved (n = 3) cause of abnormal glycosylation. 26307094 9 52 theme distinct 1858:1865 arg1 profiles 1867:1874 distinct profiles 1858:1874 distinct profiles 1858:1874 Moreover, in the group of Golgi trafficking defects and unsolved CDG-II patients, distinct profiles were observed, which facilitate identification of the specific CDG subtype. 26307094 5 53 theme = 1015:1015 arg1 n 1013:1013 n = 56 1013:1018 n = 56 1013:1018 Plasma samples were processed from controls (n = 56), patients with known defects (n = 30), and patients with secondary (n = 6) or unsolved (n = 3) cause of abnormal glycosylation. 26307094 5 53 theme = 1015:1015 arg1 controls 1003:1010 controls 1003:1010 controls (n = 56) 1003:1019 Plasma samples were processed from controls (n = 56), patients with known defects (n = 30), and patients with secondary (n = 6) or unsolved (n = 3) cause of abnormal glycosylation. 26307094 3 54 theme intact 682:687 arg1 transferrin 689:699 intact transferrin 682:699 intact transferrin 682:699 Here, we present the use of high-resolution nano liquid chromatography-chip (C8)-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS) for protein-specific glycoprofiling of intact transferrin, which allows screening and direct diagnosis of a number of CDG-II defects. 26307094 3 55 theme nano 535:538 arg1 time 583:586 high-resolution nano liquid chromatography-chip (C8)-quadrupole time 519:586 high-resolution nano liquid chromatography-chip (C8)-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS) 519:641 Here, we present the use of high-resolution nano liquid chromatography-chip (C8)-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS) for protein-specific glycoprofiling of intact transferrin, which allows screening and direct diagnosis of a number of CDG-II defects. 26307094 11 56 theme first 2200:2204 arg1 step 2206:2209 a first step 2198:2209 a first step in the diagnostic procedure for CDG defects 2198:2253 The speed and robustness allow its clinical diagnostic application as a first step in the diagnostic procedure for CDG defects. 26307094 11 56 theme first 2200:2204 arg1 application 2183:2193 its clinical diagnostic application 2159:2193 its clinical diagnostic application 2159:2193 The speed and robustness allow its clinical diagnostic application as a first step in the diagnostic procedure for CDG defects. 26307094 11 57 from step 2206:2209 arg1 procedure 2229:2237 the diagnostic procedure 2214:2237 the diagnostic procedure for CDG defects 2214:2253 The speed and robustness allow its clinical diagnostic application as a first step in the diagnostic procedure for CDG defects. 26307094 2 58 theme next 392:395 arg1 information 363:373 Structural information 352:373 Structural information 352:373 Structural information is needed as the next step, as required for the challenging classification of Golgi glycosylation defects (CDG-II). 26307094 2 58 theme next 392:395 arg1 step 397:400 the next step 388:400 the next step 388:400 Structural information is needed as the next step, as required for the challenging classification of Golgi glycosylation defects (CDG-II). 26307094 1 59 theme transferrin 280:290 arg1 isoelectric 249:259 isoelectric 249:259 isoelectric 249:259 Diagnostic screening of the congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) generally involves isoelectric focusing of plasma transferrin, a robust method easily integrated in medical laboratories. 26307094 4 60 theme raw 886:888 arg1 data 890:893 raw data 886:893 raw data 886:893 Transferrin was immunopurified from 10 μL of plasma and analyzed by nanoLC-chip-QTOF MS. Charge distribution raw data were deconvoluted by Mass Hunter software to reconstructed mass spectra. 26307094 3 61 theme C8 568:569 arg1 time 583:586 high-resolution nano liquid chromatography-chip (C8)-quadrupole time 519:586 high-resolution nano liquid chromatography-chip (C8)-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS) 519:641 Here, we present the use of high-resolution nano liquid chromatography-chip (C8)-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS) for protein-specific glycoprofiling of intact transferrin, which allows screening and direct diagnosis of a number of CDG-II defects. 26307094 5 62 theme glycosylation 1134:1146 arg1 cause 1116:1120 secondary (n = 6) or unsolved (n = 3) cause 1078:1120 secondary (n = 6) or unsolved (n = 3) cause of abnormal glycosylation 1078:1146 Plasma samples were processed from controls (n = 56), patients with known defects (n = 30), and patients with secondary (n = 6) or unsolved (n = 3) cause of abnormal glycosylation. 26307094 7 63 theme high 1380:1383 arg1 sensitivity 1385:1395 high sensitivity 1380:1395 high sensitivity 1380:1395 For CDG-I patients, the characteristic loss of complete N-glycans could be detected with high sensitivity. 26307094 3 64 theme chromatography-chip 547:565 arg1 time 583:586 high-resolution nano liquid chromatography-chip (C8)-quadrupole time 519:586 high-resolution nano liquid chromatography-chip (C8)-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS) 519:641 Here, we present the use of high-resolution nano liquid chromatography-chip (C8)-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS) for protein-specific glycoprofiling of intact transferrin, which allows screening and direct diagnosis of a number of CDG-II defects. 26307094 8 65 theme 1,2-alpha-mannosidase 1692:1712 arg1 [MAN1B1-CDG 1714:1724 mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG 1667:1724 mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG 1667:1724 Known CDG-II defects (phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG], mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [MGAT2-CDG], β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [B4GALT1-CDG], CMP-sialic acid transporter [SLC35A1-CDG], UDP-galactose transporter [SLC35A2-CDG] and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG]) resulted in characteristic diagnostic profiles. 26307094 8 65 theme 1,2-alpha-mannosidase 1692:1712 arg1 defects 1411:1417 Known CDG-II defects 1398:1417 Known CDG-II defects (phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG], mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [MGAT2-CDG], β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [B4GALT1-CDG], CMP-sialic acid transporter [SLC35A1-CDG], UDP-galactose transporter [SLC35A2-CDG] and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG]) 1398:1726 Known CDG-II defects (phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG], mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [MGAT2-CDG], β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [B4GALT1-CDG], CMP-sialic acid transporter [SLC35A1-CDG], UDP-galactose transporter [SLC35A2-CDG] and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG]) resulted in characteristic diagnostic profiles. 26307094 1 66 theme disorders 197:205 arg1 screening 169:177 Diagnostic screening 158:177 Diagnostic screening of the congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) 158:228 Diagnostic screening of the congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) generally involves isoelectric focusing of plasma transferrin, a robust method easily integrated in medical laboratories. 26307094 4 67 theme nanoLC-chip-QTOF 845:860 arg1 distribution 873:884 nanoLC-chip-QTOF MS. Charge distribution raw data were deconvoluted by Mass Hunter software to reconstructed mass spectra 845:965 nanoLC-chip-QTOF MS. Charge distribution raw data were deconvoluted by Mass Hunter software to reconstructed mass spectra 845:965 Transferrin was immunopurified from 10 μL of plasma and analyzed by nanoLC-chip-QTOF MS. Charge distribution raw data were deconvoluted by Mass Hunter software to reconstructed mass spectra. 26307094 7 68 theme N-glycans 1347:1355 arg1 loss 1330:1333 the characteristic loss 1311:1333 the characteristic loss of complete N-glycans 1311:1355 For CDG-I patients, the characteristic loss of complete N-glycans could be detected with high sensitivity. 26307094 9 69 theme specific 1930:1937 arg1 subtype 1943:1949 the specific CDG subtype 1926:1949 the specific CDG subtype 1926:1949 Moreover, in the group of Golgi trafficking defects and unsolved CDG-II patients, distinct profiles were observed, which facilitate identification of the specific CDG subtype. 26307094 10 70 theme high 1988:1991 arg1 sensitivity 1993:2003 high sensitivity 1988:2003 high sensitivity 1988:2003 The established QTOF method affords high sensitivity and resolution for the detection of complete glycan loss and structural assignment of truncated glycans in a single assay. 26307094 2 71 theme Structural 352:361 arg1 information 363:373 Structural information 352:373 Structural information 352:373 Structural information is needed as the next step, as required for the challenging classification of Golgi glycosylation defects (CDG-II). 26307094 2 71 theme Structural 352:361 arg1 step 397:400 the next step 388:400 the next step 388:400 Structural information is needed as the next step, as required for the challenging classification of Golgi glycosylation defects (CDG-II). 26307094 1 72 theme glycosylation 210:222 arg1 disorders 197:205 the congenital disorders 182:205 the congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) 182:228 Diagnostic screening of the congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) generally involves isoelectric focusing of plasma transferrin, a robust method easily integrated in medical laboratories. 26307094 4 73 theme Charge 866:871 arg1 distribution 873:884 nanoLC-chip-QTOF MS. Charge distribution raw data were deconvoluted by Mass Hunter software to reconstructed mass spectra 845:965 nanoLC-chip-QTOF MS. Charge distribution raw data were deconvoluted by Mass Hunter software to reconstructed mass spectra 845:965 Transferrin was immunopurified from 10 μL of plasma and analyzed by nanoLC-chip-QTOF MS. Charge distribution raw data were deconvoluted by Mass Hunter software to reconstructed mass spectra. 26307094 9 74 theme subtype 1943:1949 arg1 identification 1908:1921 identification 1908:1921 identification of the specific CDG subtype 1908:1949 Moreover, in the group of Golgi trafficking defects and unsolved CDG-II patients, distinct profiles were observed, which facilitate identification of the specific CDG subtype. 26307094 11 75 dep speed 2132:2136 arg1 The 2128:2130 The 2128:2130 The 2128:2130 The speed and robustness allow its clinical diagnostic application as a first step in the diagnostic procedure for CDG defects. 26307094 3 76 theme defects 768:774 arg1 number 751:756 a number 749:756 a number of CDG-II defects 749:774 Here, we present the use of high-resolution nano liquid chromatography-chip (C8)-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS) for protein-specific glycoprofiling of intact transferrin, which allows screening and direct diagnosis of a number of CDG-II defects. 26307094 6 77 theme sample 1258:1263 arg1 preparation 1265:1275 sample preparation 1258:1275 sample preparation 1258:1275 This fast and robust method, established for CDG diagnostics, requires only 2 hours analysis time, including sample preparation and analysis. 26307094 3 78 theme -quadrupole 571:581 arg1 time 583:586 high-resolution nano liquid chromatography-chip (C8)-quadrupole time 519:586 high-resolution nano liquid chromatography-chip (C8)-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS) 519:641 Here, we present the use of high-resolution nano liquid chromatography-chip (C8)-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS) for protein-specific glycoprofiling of intact transferrin, which allows screening and direct diagnosis of a number of CDG-II defects. 26307094 7 79 theme characteristic 1315:1328 arg1 loss 1330:1333 the characteristic loss 1311:1333 the characteristic loss of complete N-glycans 1311:1355 For CDG-I patients, the characteristic loss of complete N-glycans could be detected with high sensitivity. 26307094 5 80 with controls 1003:1010 arg1 n 1051:1051 n = 30 1051:1056 n = 30 1051:1056 Plasma samples were processed from controls (n = 56), patients with known defects (n = 30), and patients with secondary (n = 6) or unsolved (n = 3) cause of abnormal glycosylation. 26307094 5 80 with controls 1003:1010 arg1 defects 1042:1048 known defects 1036:1048 known defects (n = 30) 1036:1057 Plasma samples were processed from controls (n = 56), patients with known defects (n = 30), and patients with secondary (n = 6) or unsolved (n = 3) cause of abnormal glycosylation. 26307094 5 80 with controls 1003:1010 arg1 cause 1116:1120 secondary (n = 6) or unsolved (n = 3) cause 1078:1120 secondary (n = 6) or unsolved (n = 3) cause of abnormal glycosylation 1078:1146 Plasma samples were processed from controls (n = 56), patients with known defects (n = 30), and patients with secondary (n = 6) or unsolved (n = 3) cause of abnormal glycosylation. 26307094 10 81 theme QTOF 1968:1971 arg1 method 1973:1978 The established QTOF method 1952:1978 The established QTOF method 1952:1978 The established QTOF method affords high sensitivity and resolution for the detection of complete glycan loss and structural assignment of truncated glycans in a single assay. 26307094 8 82 theme characteristic 1740:1753 arg1 profiles 1766:1773 characteristic diagnostic profiles 1740:1773 characteristic diagnostic profiles 1740:1773 Known CDG-II defects (phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG], mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [MGAT2-CDG], β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [B4GALT1-CDG], CMP-sialic acid transporter [SLC35A1-CDG], UDP-galactose transporter [SLC35A2-CDG] and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG]) resulted in characteristic diagnostic profiles. 26307094 10 83 theme glycans 2101:2107 arg1 assignment 2077:2086 structural assignment 2066:2086 structural assignment of truncated glycans 2066:2107 The established QTOF method affords high sensitivity and resolution for the detection of complete glycan loss and structural assignment of truncated glycans in a single assay. 26307094 10 83 theme glycans 2101:2107 arg1 resolution 2009:2018 resolution 2009:2018 resolution 2009:2018 The established QTOF method affords high sensitivity and resolution for the detection of complete glycan loss and structural assignment of truncated glycans in a single assay. 26307094 10 83 theme glycans 2101:2107 arg1 sensitivity 1993:2003 high sensitivity 1988:2003 high sensitivity 1988:2003 The established QTOF method affords high sensitivity and resolution for the detection of complete glycan loss and structural assignment of truncated glycans in a single assay. 26307094 4 84 theme mass 954:957 arg1 spectra 959:965 reconstructed mass spectra 940:965 reconstructed mass spectra 940:965 Transferrin was immunopurified from 10 μL of plasma and analyzed by nanoLC-chip-QTOF MS. Charge distribution raw data were deconvoluted by Mass Hunter software to reconstructed mass spectra. 26307094 6 85 theme analysis 1233:1240 arg1 time 1242:1245 only 2 hours analysis time 1220:1245 only 2 hours analysis time 1220:1245 This fast and robust method, established for CDG diagnostics, requires only 2 hours analysis time, including sample preparation and analysis. 26307094 3 86 theme mass 598:601 arg1 spectrometry 603:614 flight mass spectrometry 591:614 flight mass spectrometry (nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS) 591:641 Here, we present the use of high-resolution nano liquid chromatography-chip (C8)-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS) for protein-specific glycoprofiling of intact transferrin, which allows screening and direct diagnosis of a number of CDG-II defects. 26307094 3 86 theme mass 598:601 arg1 MS 639:640 nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS 617:640 nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS 617:640 Here, we present the use of high-resolution nano liquid chromatography-chip (C8)-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS) for protein-specific glycoprofiling of intact transferrin, which allows screening and direct diagnosis of a number of CDG-II defects. 26307094 0 87 theme glycosylation 143:155 arg1 disorders 130:138 the congenital disorders 115:138 the congenital disorders of glycosylation 115:155 High-resolution mass spectrometry glycoprofiling of intact transferrin for diagnosis and subtype identification in the congenital disorders of glycosylation. 26307094 8 88 theme Known 1398:1402 arg1 -glycoprotein 1470:1482 mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein 1453:1482 mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein 1453:1482 Known CDG-II defects (phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG], mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [MGAT2-CDG], β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [B4GALT1-CDG], CMP-sialic acid transporter [SLC35A1-CDG], UDP-galactose transporter [SLC35A2-CDG] and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG]) resulted in characteristic diagnostic profiles. 26307094 8 88 theme Known 1398:1402 arg1 [MAN1B1-CDG 1714:1724 mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG 1667:1724 mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG 1667:1724 Known CDG-II defects (phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG], mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [MGAT2-CDG], β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [B4GALT1-CDG], CMP-sialic acid transporter [SLC35A1-CDG], UDP-galactose transporter [SLC35A2-CDG] and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG]) resulted in characteristic diagnostic profiles. 26307094 8 88 theme Known 1398:1402 arg1 defects 1411:1417 Known CDG-II defects 1398:1417 Known CDG-II defects (phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG], mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [MGAT2-CDG], β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [B4GALT1-CDG], CMP-sialic acid transporter [SLC35A1-CDG], UDP-galactose transporter [SLC35A2-CDG] and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG]) 1398:1726 Known CDG-II defects (phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG], mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [MGAT2-CDG], β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [B4GALT1-CDG], CMP-sialic acid transporter [SLC35A1-CDG], UDP-galactose transporter [SLC35A2-CDG] and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG]) resulted in characteristic diagnostic profiles. 26307094 7 89 theme CDG-I 1295:1299 arg1 patients 1301:1308 CDG-I patients 1295:1308 CDG-I patients 1295:1308 For CDG-I patients, the characteristic loss of complete N-glycans could be detected with high sensitivity. 26307094 8 90 dep -glycoprotein 1470:1482 arg1 [MGAT2-CDG 1522:1531 [MGAT2-CDG 1522:1531 [MGAT2-CDG 1522:1531 Known CDG-II defects (phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG], mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [MGAT2-CDG], β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [B4GALT1-CDG], CMP-sialic acid transporter [SLC35A1-CDG], UDP-galactose transporter [SLC35A2-CDG] and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG]) resulted in characteristic diagnostic profiles. 26307094 8 90 dep -glycoprotein 1470:1482 arg1 UDP-galactose 1623:1635 UDP-galactose 1623:1635 UDP-galactose 1623:1635 Known CDG-II defects (phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG], mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [MGAT2-CDG], β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [B4GALT1-CDG], CMP-sialic acid transporter [SLC35A1-CDG], UDP-galactose transporter [SLC35A2-CDG] and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG]) resulted in characteristic diagnostic profiles. 26307094 8 90 dep -glycoprotein 1470:1482 arg1 transporter 1637:1647 transporter 1637:1647 transporter 1637:1647 Known CDG-II defects (phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG], mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [MGAT2-CDG], β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [B4GALT1-CDG], CMP-sialic acid transporter [SLC35A1-CDG], UDP-galactose transporter [SLC35A2-CDG] and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG]) resulted in characteristic diagnostic profiles. 26307094 8 90 dep -glycoprotein 1470:1482 arg1 CMP-sialic 1580:1589 CMP-sialic 1580:1589 CMP-sialic 1580:1589 Known CDG-II defects (phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG], mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [MGAT2-CDG], β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [B4GALT1-CDG], CMP-sialic acid transporter [SLC35A1-CDG], UDP-galactose transporter [SLC35A2-CDG] and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG]) resulted in characteristic diagnostic profiles. 26307094 8 90 dep -glycoprotein 1470:1482 arg1 β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1535:1561 β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1535:1561 β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1535:1561 Known CDG-II defects (phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG], mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [MGAT2-CDG], β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [B4GALT1-CDG], CMP-sialic acid transporter [SLC35A1-CDG], UDP-galactose transporter [SLC35A2-CDG] and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG]) resulted in characteristic diagnostic profiles. 26307094 8 90 dep -glycoprotein 1470:1482 arg1 acid 1591:1594 acid 1591:1594 acid 1591:1594 Known CDG-II defects (phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG], mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [MGAT2-CDG], β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [B4GALT1-CDG], CMP-sialic acid transporter [SLC35A1-CDG], UDP-galactose transporter [SLC35A2-CDG] and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG]) resulted in characteristic diagnostic profiles. 26307094 8 90 dep -glycoprotein 1470:1482 arg1 [PGM1-CDG 1441:1449 phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG] 1420:1450 phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG] 1420:1450 Known CDG-II defects (phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG], mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [MGAT2-CDG], β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [B4GALT1-CDG], CMP-sialic acid transporter [SLC35A1-CDG], UDP-galactose transporter [SLC35A2-CDG] and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG]) resulted in characteristic diagnostic profiles. 26307094 8 90 dep -glycoprotein 1470:1482 arg1 transporter 1596:1606 transporter 1596:1606 transporter 1596:1606 Known CDG-II defects (phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG], mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [MGAT2-CDG], β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [B4GALT1-CDG], CMP-sialic acid transporter [SLC35A1-CDG], UDP-galactose transporter [SLC35A2-CDG] and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG]) resulted in characteristic diagnostic profiles. 26307094 8 90 dep -glycoprotein 1470:1482 arg1 [SLC35A2-CDG 1649:1660 [SLC35A2-CDG 1649:1660 [SLC35A2-CDG 1649:1660 Known CDG-II defects (phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG], mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [MGAT2-CDG], β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [B4GALT1-CDG], CMP-sialic acid transporter [SLC35A1-CDG], UDP-galactose transporter [SLC35A2-CDG] and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG]) resulted in characteristic diagnostic profiles. 26307094 8 90 dep -glycoprotein 1470:1482 arg1 [SLC35A1-CDG 1608:1619 [SLC35A1-CDG 1608:1619 [SLC35A1-CDG 1608:1619 Known CDG-II defects (phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG], mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [MGAT2-CDG], β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [B4GALT1-CDG], CMP-sialic acid transporter [SLC35A1-CDG], UDP-galactose transporter [SLC35A2-CDG] and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG]) resulted in characteristic diagnostic profiles. 26307094 8 90 dep -glycoprotein 1470:1482 arg1 1 1563:1563 1 1563:1563 1 1563:1563 Known CDG-II defects (phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG], mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [MGAT2-CDG], β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [B4GALT1-CDG], CMP-sialic acid transporter [SLC35A1-CDG], UDP-galactose transporter [SLC35A2-CDG] and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG]) resulted in characteristic diagnostic profiles. 26307094 8 90 dep -glycoprotein 1470:1482 arg1 β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1484:1520 β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1484:1520 β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1484:1520 Known CDG-II defects (phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG], mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [MGAT2-CDG], β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [B4GALT1-CDG], CMP-sialic acid transporter [SLC35A1-CDG], UDP-galactose transporter [SLC35A2-CDG] and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG]) resulted in characteristic diagnostic profiles. 26307094 8 90 dep -glycoprotein 1470:1482 arg1 [B4GALT1-CDG 1565:1576 [B4GALT1-CDG 1565:1576 [B4GALT1-CDG 1565:1576 Known CDG-II defects (phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG], mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [MGAT2-CDG], β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [B4GALT1-CDG], CMP-sialic acid transporter [SLC35A1-CDG], UDP-galactose transporter [SLC35A2-CDG] and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG]) resulted in characteristic diagnostic profiles. 26307094 3 91 theme -QTOF 633:637 arg1 spectrometry 603:614 flight mass spectrometry 591:614 flight mass spectrometry (nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS) 591:641 Here, we present the use of high-resolution nano liquid chromatography-chip (C8)-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS) for protein-specific glycoprofiling of intact transferrin, which allows screening and direct diagnosis of a number of CDG-II defects. 26307094 3 91 theme -QTOF 633:637 arg1 MS 639:640 nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS 617:640 nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS 617:640 Here, we present the use of high-resolution nano liquid chromatography-chip (C8)-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS) for protein-specific glycoprofiling of intact transferrin, which allows screening and direct diagnosis of a number of CDG-II defects. 26307094 4 92 theme Hunter 921:926 arg1 software 928:935 Mass Hunter software 916:935 Mass Hunter software to reconstructed mass spectra 916:965 Transferrin was immunopurified from 10 μL of plasma and analyzed by nanoLC-chip-QTOF MS. Charge distribution raw data were deconvoluted by Mass Hunter software to reconstructed mass spectra. 26307094 5 93 with patients 1064:1071 arg1 n 1051:1051 n = 30 1051:1056 n = 30 1051:1056 Plasma samples were processed from controls (n = 56), patients with known defects (n = 30), and patients with secondary (n = 6) or unsolved (n = 3) cause of abnormal glycosylation. 26307094 5 93 with patients 1064:1071 arg1 defects 1042:1048 known defects 1036:1048 known defects (n = 30) 1036:1057 Plasma samples were processed from controls (n = 56), patients with known defects (n = 30), and patients with secondary (n = 6) or unsolved (n = 3) cause of abnormal glycosylation. 26307094 5 93 with patients 1064:1071 arg1 cause 1116:1120 secondary (n = 6) or unsolved (n = 3) cause 1078:1120 secondary (n = 6) or unsolved (n = 3) cause of abnormal glycosylation 1078:1146 Plasma samples were processed from controls (n = 56), patients with known defects (n = 30), and patients with secondary (n = 6) or unsolved (n = 3) cause of abnormal glycosylation. 26307094 5 94 theme = 1053:1053 arg1 n 1051:1051 n = 30 1051:1056 n = 30 1051:1056 Plasma samples were processed from controls (n = 56), patients with known defects (n = 30), and patients with secondary (n = 6) or unsolved (n = 3) cause of abnormal glycosylation. 26307094 5 94 theme = 1053:1053 arg1 defects 1042:1048 known defects 1036:1048 known defects (n = 30) 1036:1057 Plasma samples were processed from controls (n = 56), patients with known defects (n = 30), and patients with secondary (n = 6) or unsolved (n = 3) cause of abnormal glycosylation. 26307094 11 95 theme CDG 2243:2245 arg1 defects 2247:2253 CDG defects 2243:2253 CDG defects 2243:2253 The speed and robustness allow its clinical diagnostic application as a first step in the diagnostic procedure for CDG defects. 26307094 8 96 theme phosphoglucomutase 1420:1437 arg1 [PGM1-CDG 1441:1449 phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG] 1420:1450 phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG] 1420:1450 Known CDG-II defects (phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG], mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [MGAT2-CDG], β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [B4GALT1-CDG], CMP-sialic acid transporter [SLC35A1-CDG], UDP-galactose transporter [SLC35A2-CDG] and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG]) resulted in characteristic diagnostic profiles. 26307094 5 97 theme = 1091:1091 arg1 n 1089:1089 n = 6 1089:1093 n = 6 1089:1093 Plasma samples were processed from controls (n = 56), patients with known defects (n = 30), and patients with secondary (n = 6) or unsolved (n = 3) cause of abnormal glycosylation. 26307094 10 98 theme glycan 2050:2055 arg1 loss 2057:2060 complete glycan loss 2041:2060 complete glycan loss 2041:2060 The established QTOF method affords high sensitivity and resolution for the detection of complete glycan loss and structural assignment of truncated glycans in a single assay. 26307094 8 99 gly -glycoprotein 1470:1482 arg1 -glycoprotein 1470:1482 mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein 1453:1482 mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein 1453:1482 Known CDG-II defects (phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG], mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [MGAT2-CDG], β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [B4GALT1-CDG], CMP-sialic acid transporter [SLC35A1-CDG], UDP-galactose transporter [SLC35A2-CDG] and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG]) resulted in characteristic diagnostic profiles. 26307094 8 99 gly -glycoprotein 1470:1482 arg1 defects 1411:1417 Known CDG-II defects 1398:1417 Known CDG-II defects (phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG], mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [MGAT2-CDG], β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [B4GALT1-CDG], CMP-sialic acid transporter [SLC35A1-CDG], UDP-galactose transporter [SLC35A2-CDG] and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG]) 1398:1726 Known CDG-II defects (phosphoglucomutase 1 [PGM1-CDG], mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [MGAT2-CDG], β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [B4GALT1-CDG], CMP-sialic acid transporter [SLC35A1-CDG], UDP-galactose transporter [SLC35A2-CDG] and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase [MAN1B1-CDG]) resulted in characteristic diagnostic profiles. 26307094 11 100 theme clinical 2163:2170 arg1 step 2206:2209 a first step 2198:2209 a first step in the diagnostic procedure for CDG defects 2198:2253 The speed and robustness allow its clinical diagnostic application as a first step in the diagnostic procedure for CDG defects. 26307094 11 100 theme clinical 2163:2170 arg1 application 2183:2193 its clinical diagnostic application 2159:2193 its clinical diagnostic application 2159:2193 The speed and robustness allow its clinical diagnostic application as a first step in the diagnostic procedure for CDG defects. 26307094 0 101 theme mass 16:19 arg1 spectrometry 21:32 High-resolution mass spectrometry 0:32 High-resolution mass spectrometry 0:32 High-resolution mass spectrometry glycoprofiling of intact transferrin for diagnosis and subtype identification in the congenital disorders of glycosylation. 26307094 9 102 theme trafficking 1808:1818 arg1 defects 1820:1826 Golgi trafficking defects 1802:1826 Golgi trafficking defects 1802:1826 Moreover, in the group of Golgi trafficking defects and unsolved CDG-II patients, distinct profiles were observed, which facilitate identification of the specific CDG subtype. 26307094 2 103 theme glycosylation 459:471 arg1 CDG-II 482:487 CDG-II 482:487 CDG-II 482:487 Structural information is needed as the next step, as required for the challenging classification of Golgi glycosylation defects (CDG-II). 26307094 2 103 theme glycosylation 459:471 arg1 defects 473:479 Golgi glycosylation defects 453:479 Golgi glycosylation defects (CDG-II) 453:488 Structural information is needed as the next step, as required for the challenging classification of Golgi glycosylation defects (CDG-II). 26307094 3 104 theme protein-specific 647:662 arg1 glycoprofiling 664:677 protein-specific glycoprofiling 647:677 protein-specific glycoprofiling of intact transferrin, which allows screening and direct diagnosis of a number of CDG-II defects 647:774 Here, we present the use of high-resolution nano liquid chromatography-chip (C8)-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS) for protein-specific glycoprofiling of intact transferrin, which allows screening and direct diagnosis of a number of CDG-II defects. 26307094 0 105 theme intact 52:57 arg1 transferrin 59:69 intact transferrin 52:69 intact transferrin for diagnosis and subtype identification in the congenital disorders of glycosylation 52:155 High-resolution mass spectrometry glycoprofiling of intact transferrin for diagnosis and subtype identification in the congenital disorders of glycosylation. 26307094 9 106 theme CDG-II 1841:1846 arg1 patients 1848:1855 unsolved CDG-II patients 1832:1855 unsolved CDG-II patients 1832:1855 Moreover, in the group of Golgi trafficking defects and unsolved CDG-II patients, distinct profiles were observed, which facilitate identification of the specific CDG subtype. 26307094 5 107 dep secondary 1078:1086 arg1 n 1089:1089 n = 6 1089:1093 n = 6 1089:1093 Plasma samples were processed from controls (n = 56), patients with known defects (n = 30), and patients with secondary (n = 6) or unsolved (n = 3) cause of abnormal glycosylation. 26307094 4 108 theme plasma 822:827 arg1 μL 816:817 10 μL 813:817 10 μL of plasma 813:827 Transferrin was immunopurified from 10 μL of plasma and analyzed by nanoLC-chip-QTOF MS. Charge distribution raw data were deconvoluted by Mass Hunter software to reconstructed mass spectra. 26307094 2 109 theme challenging 423:433 arg1 classification 435:448 the challenging classification 419:448 the challenging classification of Golgi glycosylation defects (CDG-II) 419:488 Structural information is needed as the next step, as required for the challenging classification of Golgi glycosylation defects (CDG-II). 26307094 5 110 theme unsolved 1099:1106 arg1 cause 1116:1120 secondary (n = 6) or unsolved (n = 3) cause 1078:1120 secondary (n = 6) or unsolved (n = 3) cause of abnormal glycosylation 1078:1146 Plasma samples were processed from controls (n = 56), patients with known defects (n = 30), and patients with secondary (n = 6) or unsolved (n = 3) cause of abnormal glycosylation. 26307094 3 111 theme transferrin 689:699 arg1 glycoprofiling 664:677 protein-specific glycoprofiling 647:677 protein-specific glycoprofiling of intact transferrin, which allows screening and direct diagnosis of a number of CDG-II defects 647:774 Here, we present the use of high-resolution nano liquid chromatography-chip (C8)-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS) for protein-specific glycoprofiling of intact transferrin, which allows screening and direct diagnosis of a number of CDG-II defects. 26307094 10 112 theme truncated 2091:2099 arg1 glycans 2101:2107 truncated glycans 2091:2107 truncated glycans 2091:2107 The established QTOF method affords high sensitivity and resolution for the detection of complete glycan loss and structural assignment of truncated glycans in a single assay. 26307094 3 113 theme liquid 540:545 arg1 time 583:586 high-resolution nano liquid chromatography-chip (C8)-quadrupole time 519:586 high-resolution nano liquid chromatography-chip (C8)-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS) 519:641 Here, we present the use of high-resolution nano liquid chromatography-chip (C8)-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (nanoLC-chip [C8]-QTOF MS) for protein-specific glycoprofiling of intact transferrin, which allows screening and direct diagnosis of a number of CDG-II defects. 26307094 4 114 dep distribution 873:884 arg1 deconvoluted 900:911 deconvoluted 900:911 were deconvoluted by Mass Hunter software to reconstructed mass spectra 895:965 Transferrin was immunopurified from 10 μL of plasma and analyzed by nanoLC-chip-QTOF MS. Charge distribution raw data were deconvoluted by Mass Hunter software to reconstructed mass spectra. 26307094 1 115 theme plasma 273:278 arg1 method 302:307 a robust method 293:307 a robust method easily integrated in medical laboratories 293:349 Diagnostic screening of the congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) generally involves isoelectric focusing of plasma transferrin, a robust method easily integrated in medical laboratories. 26307094 1 115 theme plasma 273:278 arg1 transferrin 280:290 plasma transferrin 273:290 plasma transferrin 273:290 Diagnostic screening of the congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) generally involves isoelectric focusing of plasma transferrin, a robust method easily integrated in medical laboratories. 27987983 4 0 theme polysaccharide 467:480 arg1 extract 482:488 The cell wall polysaccharide extract 453:488 The cell wall polysaccharide extract 453:488 The cell wall polysaccharide extract consisted of ∼81.7% carbohydrates (exclusively glucose) and ∼18.3% residual amino acids and peptides. 27987983 5 1 theme composition 624:634 arg1 analyses 676:683 monosaccharide composition, methylation and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy analyses 609:683 monosaccharide composition, methylation and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy analyses 609:683 The results from monosaccharide composition, methylation and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy analyses indicated the presence of a highly branched (1,3)(1,6)-β-d-glucan, with (1,6)-β-d-glucopyranosil side-branching unit on average every 1-2 repeat units. 27987983 4 2 dep glucose 537:543 arg1 exclusively 525:535 exclusively 525:535 exclusively 525:535 The cell wall polysaccharide extract consisted of ∼81.7% carbohydrates (exclusively glucose) and ∼18.3% residual amino acids and peptides. 27987983 8 3 theme cellular 1279:1286 arg1 response 1295:1302 significant and specific Th17 cellular immune response 1249:1302 significant and specific Th17 cellular immune response 1249:1302 These results suggested that β-d-glucan extract induces significant and specific Th17 cellular immune response and provided the theoretical basis for further experiments. 27987983 5 4 dep branched 720:727 arg1 1,3 730:732 1,3 730:732 1,3 730:732 The results from monosaccharide composition, methylation and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy analyses indicated the presence of a highly branched (1,3)(1,6)-β-d-glucan, with (1,6)-β-d-glucopyranosil side-branching unit on average every 1-2 repeat units. 27987983 5 4 dep branched 720:727 arg1 1,6 735:737 1,6 735:737 1,6 735:737 The results from monosaccharide composition, methylation and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy analyses indicated the presence of a highly branched (1,3)(1,6)-β-d-glucan, with (1,6)-β-d-glucopyranosil side-branching unit on average every 1-2 repeat units. 27987983 4 5 theme % 555:555 arg1 acids 572:576 residual amino acids 557:576 residual amino acids 557:576 The cell wall polysaccharide extract consisted of ∼81.7% carbohydrates (exclusively glucose) and ∼18.3% residual amino acids and peptides. 27987983 4 6 dep carbohydrates 510:522 arg1 glucose 537:543 glucose 537:543 glucose 537:543 The cell wall polysaccharide extract consisted of ∼81.7% carbohydrates (exclusively glucose) and ∼18.3% residual amino acids and peptides. 27987983 3 7 from mycelia 395:401 arg1 quantification 348:361 The enzymatic quantification 334:361 The enzymatic quantification of the glucans in P. insidiosum mycelia 334:401 The enzymatic quantification of the glucans in P. insidiosum mycelia showed that the β-glucan content was 18.99%±3.59. 27987983 7 8 theme 0.5 1043:1045 arg1 doses 1034:1038 three doses 1028:1038 three doses of 0.5, 2.5 and 5.0mg of β-glucan/mouse 1028:1078 BALB/c mice that were subcutaneously pre-immunized with three doses of 0.5, 2.5 and 5.0mg of β-glucan/mouse, showed a significant increase in IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IL-17A production compared to non-immunized mice. 27987983 7 9 theme non-immunized 1173:1185 arg1 mice 1187:1190 non-immunized mice 1173:1190 non-immunized mice 1173:1190 BALB/c mice that were subcutaneously pre-immunized with three doses of 0.5, 2.5 and 5.0mg of β-glucan/mouse, showed a significant increase in IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IL-17A production compared to non-immunized mice. 27987983 4 10 theme ∼18.3 550:554 arg1 % 555:555 % 555:555 % 555:555 The cell wall polysaccharide extract consisted of ∼81.7% carbohydrates (exclusively glucose) and ∼18.3% residual amino acids and peptides. 27987983 3 11 theme enzymatic 338:346 arg1 quantification 348:361 The enzymatic quantification 334:361 The enzymatic quantification of the glucans in P. insidiosum mycelia 334:401 The enzymatic quantification of the glucans in P. insidiosum mycelia showed that the β-glucan content was 18.99%±3.59. 27987983 7 12 from increase 1102:1109 arg1 production 1150:1159 IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IL-17A production 1114:1159 IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IL-17A production 1114:1159 BALB/c mice that were subcutaneously pre-immunized with three doses of 0.5, 2.5 and 5.0mg of β-glucan/mouse, showed a significant increase in IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IL-17A production compared to non-immunized mice. 27987983 5 13 theme methylation 637:647 arg1 analyses 676:683 monosaccharide composition, methylation and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy analyses 609:683 monosaccharide composition, methylation and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy analyses 609:683 The results from monosaccharide composition, methylation and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy analyses indicated the presence of a highly branched (1,3)(1,6)-β-d-glucan, with (1,6)-β-d-glucopyranosil side-branching unit on average every 1-2 repeat units. 27987983 4 14 theme amino 566:570 arg1 acids 572:576 residual amino acids 557:576 residual amino acids 557:576 The cell wall polysaccharide extract consisted of ∼81.7% carbohydrates (exclusively glucose) and ∼18.3% residual amino acids and peptides. 27987983 7 15 theme IL-10 1126:1130 arg1 production 1150:1159 IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IL-17A production 1114:1159 IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IL-17A production 1114:1159 BALB/c mice that were subcutaneously pre-immunized with three doses of 0.5, 2.5 and 5.0mg of β-glucan/mouse, showed a significant increase in IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IL-17A production compared to non-immunized mice. 27987983 7 16 theme β-glucan/mouse 1065:1078 arg1 0.5 1043:1045 0.5 1043:1045 0.5 1043:1045 BALB/c mice that were subcutaneously pre-immunized with three doses of 0.5, 2.5 and 5.0mg of β-glucan/mouse, showed a significant increase in IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IL-17A production compared to non-immunized mice. 27987983 7 16 theme β-glucan/mouse 1065:1078 arg1 β-glucan/mouse 1065:1078 β-glucan/mouse 1065:1078 β-glucan/mouse 1065:1078 BALB/c mice that were subcutaneously pre-immunized with three doses of 0.5, 2.5 and 5.0mg of β-glucan/mouse, showed a significant increase in IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IL-17A production compared to non-immunized mice. 27987983 8 17 theme immune 1288:1293 arg1 response 1295:1302 significant and specific Th17 cellular immune response 1249:1302 significant and specific Th17 cellular immune response 1249:1302 These results suggested that β-d-glucan extract induces significant and specific Th17 cellular immune response and provided the theoretical basis for further experiments. 27987983 4 18 theme residual 557:564 arg1 acids 572:576 residual amino acids 557:576 residual amino acids 557:576 The cell wall polysaccharide extract consisted of ∼81.7% carbohydrates (exclusively glucose) and ∼18.3% residual amino acids and peptides. 27987983 5 19 theme branched 720:727 arg1 -β-d-glucan 739:749 a highly branched (1,3)(1,6)-β-d-glucan 711:749 a highly branched (1,3)(1,6)-β-d-glucan 711:749 The results from monosaccharide composition, methylation and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy analyses indicated the presence of a highly branched (1,3)(1,6)-β-d-glucan, with (1,6)-β-d-glucopyranosil side-branching unit on average every 1-2 repeat units. 27987983 7 20 dep showed 1081:1086 arg1 compared 1161:1168 compared 1161:1168 showed a significant increase in IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IL-17A production compared to non-immunized mice 1081:1190 BALB/c mice that were subcutaneously pre-immunized with three doses of 0.5, 2.5 and 5.0mg of β-glucan/mouse, showed a significant increase in IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IL-17A production compared to non-immunized mice. 27987983 8 21 theme β-d-glucan 1222:1231 arg1 extract 1233:1239 β-d-glucan extract 1222:1239 β-d-glucan extract 1222:1239 These results suggested that β-d-glucan extract induces significant and specific Th17 cellular immune response and provided the theoretical basis for further experiments. 27987983 5 22 theme repeat 823:828 arg1 units 830:834 every 1-2 repeat units 813:834 average every 1-2 repeat units 805:834 The results from monosaccharide composition, methylation and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy analyses indicated the presence of a highly branched (1,3)(1,6)-β-d-glucan, with (1,6)-β-d-glucopyranosil side-branching unit on average every 1-2 repeat units. 27987983 3 23 theme β-glucan 419:426 arg1 content 428:434 the β-glucan content 415:434 the β-glucan content 415:434 The enzymatic quantification of the glucans in P. insidiosum mycelia showed that the β-glucan content was 18.99%±3.59. 27987983 3 23 theme β-glucan 419:426 arg1 % 445:445 18.99%±3.59 440:450 18.99%±3.59 440:450 The enzymatic quantification of the glucans in P. insidiosum mycelia showed that the β-glucan content was 18.99%±3.59. 27987983 6 24 theme equine 940:945 arg1 cultures 962:969 human, equine and mouse cell cultures 933:969 human, equine and mouse cell cultures 933:969 In vitro, the β-d-glucan extract could significantly promote spleen lymphocyte proliferation in human, equine and mouse cell cultures. 27987983 3 25 from glucans 370:376 arg1 mycelia 395:401 P. insidiosum mycelia 381:401 P. insidiosum mycelia 381:401 The enzymatic quantification of the glucans in P. insidiosum mycelia showed that the β-glucan content was 18.99%±3.59. 27987983 6 26 theme cell 957:960 arg1 cultures 962:969 human, equine and mouse cell cultures 933:969 human, equine and mouse cell cultures 933:969 In vitro, the β-d-glucan extract could significantly promote spleen lymphocyte proliferation in human, equine and mouse cell cultures. 27987983 5 27 from analyses 676:683 arg1 results 596:602 The results 592:602 The results from monosaccharide composition, methylation and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy analyses 592:683 The results from monosaccharide composition, methylation and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy analyses indicated the presence of a highly branched (1,3)(1,6)-β-d-glucan, with (1,6)-β-d-glucopyranosil side-branching unit on average every 1-2 repeat units. 27987983 1 28 theme life-threatening 144:159 arg1 disease 172:178 a life-threatening infectious disease 142:178 a life-threatening infectious disease caused by the pathogenic oomycete Pythium insidiosum 142:231 Pythiosis is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by the pathogenic oomycete Pythium insidiosum. 27987983 1 28 theme life-threatening 144:159 arg1 Pythiosis 129:137 Pythiosis 129:137 Pythiosis 129:137 Pythiosis is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by the pathogenic oomycete Pythium insidiosum. 27987983 3 29 theme glucans 370:376 arg1 quantification 348:361 The enzymatic quantification 334:361 The enzymatic quantification of the glucans in P. insidiosum mycelia 334:401 The enzymatic quantification of the glucans in P. insidiosum mycelia showed that the β-glucan content was 18.99%±3.59. 27987983 4 30 theme cell 457:460 arg1 extract 482:488 The cell wall polysaccharide extract 453:488 The cell wall polysaccharide extract 453:488 The cell wall polysaccharide extract consisted of ∼81.7% carbohydrates (exclusively glucose) and ∼18.3% residual amino acids and peptides. 27987983 7 31 theme IL-17A 1143:1148 arg1 production 1150:1159 IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IL-17A production 1114:1159 IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IL-17A production 1114:1159 BALB/c mice that were subcutaneously pre-immunized with three doses of 0.5, 2.5 and 5.0mg of β-glucan/mouse, showed a significant increase in IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IL-17A production compared to non-immunized mice. 27987983 8 32 theme theoretical 1321:1331 arg1 basis 1333:1337 the theoretical basis 1317:1337 the theoretical basis for further experiments 1317:1361 These results suggested that β-d-glucan extract induces significant and specific Th17 cellular immune response and provided the theoretical basis for further experiments. 27987983 1 33 theme infectious 161:170 arg1 disease 172:178 a life-threatening infectious disease 142:178 a life-threatening infectious disease caused by the pathogenic oomycete Pythium insidiosum 142:231 Pythiosis is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by the pathogenic oomycete Pythium insidiosum. 27987983 1 33 theme infectious 161:170 arg1 Pythiosis 129:137 Pythiosis 129:137 Pythiosis 129:137 Pythiosis is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by the pathogenic oomycete Pythium insidiosum. 27987983 5 34 theme 1,6 758:760 arg1 unit 797:800 (1,6)-β-d-glucopyranosil side-branching unit 757:800 (1,6)-β-d-glucopyranosil side-branching unit on average every 1-2 repeat units 757:834 The results from monosaccharide composition, methylation and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy analyses indicated the presence of a highly branched (1,3)(1,6)-β-d-glucan, with (1,6)-β-d-glucopyranosil side-branching unit on average every 1-2 repeat units. 27987983 5 35 theme monosaccharide 609:622 arg1 composition 624:634 monosaccharide composition 609:634 monosaccharide composition 609:634 The results from monosaccharide composition, methylation and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy analyses indicated the presence of a highly branched (1,3)(1,6)-β-d-glucan, with (1,6)-β-d-glucopyranosil side-branching unit on average every 1-2 repeat units. 27987983 2 36 theme glucan 288:293 arg1 content 295:301 the P. insidiosum glucan content 270:301 the P. insidiosum glucan content 270:301 This study is the first to evaluate the P. insidiosum glucan content and its biological activities. 27987983 6 37 theme human 933:937 arg1 cultures 962:969 human, equine and mouse cell cultures 933:969 human, equine and mouse cell cultures 933:969 In vitro, the β-d-glucan extract could significantly promote spleen lymphocyte proliferation in human, equine and mouse cell cultures. 27987983 0 38 theme pathogenic 89:98 arg1 insidiosum 117:126 the pathogenic oomycete Pythium insidiosum 85:126 the pathogenic oomycete Pythium insidiosum 85:126 Extraction, characterization and biological activity of a (1,3)(1,6)-β-d-glucan from the pathogenic oomycete Pythium insidiosum. 27987983 8 39 theme Th17 1274:1277 arg1 response 1295:1302 significant and specific Th17 cellular immune response 1249:1302 significant and specific Th17 cellular immune response 1249:1302 These results suggested that β-d-glucan extract induces significant and specific Th17 cellular immune response and provided the theoretical basis for further experiments. 27987983 5 40 theme side-branching 782:795 arg1 unit 797:800 (1,6)-β-d-glucopyranosil side-branching unit 757:800 (1,6)-β-d-glucopyranosil side-branching unit on average every 1-2 repeat units 757:834 The results from monosaccharide composition, methylation and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy analyses indicated the presence of a highly branched (1,3)(1,6)-β-d-glucan, with (1,6)-β-d-glucopyranosil side-branching unit on average every 1-2 repeat units. 27987983 5 41 theme -β-d-glucopyranosil 762:780 arg1 unit 797:800 (1,6)-β-d-glucopyranosil side-branching unit 757:800 (1,6)-β-d-glucopyranosil side-branching unit on average every 1-2 repeat units 757:834 The results from monosaccharide composition, methylation and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy analyses indicated the presence of a highly branched (1,3)(1,6)-β-d-glucan, with (1,6)-β-d-glucopyranosil side-branching unit on average every 1-2 repeat units. 27987983 2 42 theme P. 274:275 arg1 content 295:301 the P. insidiosum glucan content 270:301 the P. insidiosum glucan content 270:301 This study is the first to evaluate the P. insidiosum glucan content and its biological activities. 27987983 7 43 theme significant 1090:1100 arg1 increase 1102:1109 a significant increase 1088:1109 a significant increase in IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IL-17A production 1088:1159 BALB/c mice that were subcutaneously pre-immunized with three doses of 0.5, 2.5 and 5.0mg of β-glucan/mouse, showed a significant increase in IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IL-17A production compared to non-immunized mice. 27987983 2 44 dep P. 274:275 arg1 insidiosum 277:286 insidiosum 277:286 insidiosum 277:286 This study is the first to evaluate the P. insidiosum glucan content and its biological activities. 27987983 0 45 theme Pythium 109:115 arg1 insidiosum 117:126 the pathogenic oomycete Pythium insidiosum 85:126 the pathogenic oomycete Pythium insidiosum 85:126 Extraction, characterization and biological activity of a (1,3)(1,6)-β-d-glucan from the pathogenic oomycete Pythium insidiosum. 27987983 7 46 theme IL-6 1120:1123 arg1 production 1150:1159 IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IL-17A production 1114:1159 IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IL-17A production 1114:1159 BALB/c mice that were subcutaneously pre-immunized with three doses of 0.5, 2.5 and 5.0mg of β-glucan/mouse, showed a significant increase in IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IL-17A production compared to non-immunized mice. 27987983 0 47 theme biological 33:42 arg1 activity 44:51 biological activity 33:51 biological activity 33:51 Extraction, characterization and biological activity of a (1,3)(1,6)-β-d-glucan from the pathogenic oomycete Pythium insidiosum. 27987983 4 48 theme % 508:508 arg1 carbohydrates 510:522 ∼81.7% carbohydrates 503:522 ∼81.7% carbohydrates (exclusively glucose) 503:544 The cell wall polysaccharide extract consisted of ∼81.7% carbohydrates (exclusively glucose) and ∼18.3% residual amino acids and peptides. 27987983 0 49 theme oomycete 100:107 arg1 insidiosum 117:126 the pathogenic oomycete Pythium insidiosum 85:126 the pathogenic oomycete Pythium insidiosum 85:126 Extraction, characterization and biological activity of a (1,3)(1,6)-β-d-glucan from the pathogenic oomycete Pythium insidiosum. 27987983 6 50 theme mouse 951:955 arg1 cultures 962:969 human, equine and mouse cell cultures 933:969 human, equine and mouse cell cultures 933:969 In vitro, the β-d-glucan extract could significantly promote spleen lymphocyte proliferation in human, equine and mouse cell cultures. 27987983 8 51 theme further 1343:1349 arg1 experiments 1351:1361 further experiments 1343:1361 further experiments 1343:1361 These results suggested that β-d-glucan extract induces significant and specific Th17 cellular immune response and provided the theoretical basis for further experiments. 27987983 7 52 theme BALB/c 972:977 arg1 mice 979:982 BALB/c mice 972:982 BALB/c mice 972:982 BALB/c mice that were subcutaneously pre-immunized with three doses of 0.5, 2.5 and 5.0mg of β-glucan/mouse, showed a significant increase in IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IL-17A production compared to non-immunized mice. 27987983 1 53 theme pathogenic 194:203 arg1 insidiosum 222:231 the pathogenic oomycete Pythium insidiosum 190:231 the pathogenic oomycete Pythium insidiosum 190:231 Pythiosis is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by the pathogenic oomycete Pythium insidiosum. 27987983 0 54 theme a 56:56 arg1 characterization 12:27 characterization 12:27 characterization 12:27 Extraction, characterization and biological activity of a (1,3)(1,6)-β-d-glucan from the pathogenic oomycete Pythium insidiosum. 27987983 0 54 theme a 56:56 arg1 activity 44:51 biological activity 33:51 biological activity 33:51 Extraction, characterization and biological activity of a (1,3)(1,6)-β-d-glucan from the pathogenic oomycete Pythium insidiosum. 27987983 0 54 theme a 56:56 arg1 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction, characterization and biological activity of a (1,3)(1,6)-β-d-glucan from the pathogenic oomycete Pythium insidiosum. 27987983 4 55 theme ∼81.7 503:507 arg1 % 508:508 % 508:508 % 508:508 The cell wall polysaccharide extract consisted of ∼81.7% carbohydrates (exclusively glucose) and ∼18.3% residual amino acids and peptides. 27987983 5 56 theme 1D/2D 653:657 arg1 spectroscopy 663:674 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy 653:674 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy 653:674 The results from monosaccharide composition, methylation and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy analyses indicated the presence of a highly branched (1,3)(1,6)-β-d-glucan, with (1,6)-β-d-glucopyranosil side-branching unit on average every 1-2 repeat units. 27987983 3 57 from quantification 348:361 arg1 mycelia 395:401 P. insidiosum mycelia 381:401 P. insidiosum mycelia 381:401 The enzymatic quantification of the glucans in P. insidiosum mycelia showed that the β-glucan content was 18.99%±3.59. 27987983 4 58 theme wall 462:465 arg1 extract 482:488 The cell wall polysaccharide extract 453:488 The cell wall polysaccharide extract 453:488 The cell wall polysaccharide extract consisted of ∼81.7% carbohydrates (exclusively glucose) and ∼18.3% residual amino acids and peptides. 27987983 6 59 theme lymphocyte 905:914 arg1 proliferation 916:928 spleen lymphocyte proliferation 898:928 spleen lymphocyte proliferation 898:928 In vitro, the β-d-glucan extract could significantly promote spleen lymphocyte proliferation in human, equine and mouse cell cultures. 27987983 5 60 theme NMR 659:661 arg1 spectroscopy 663:674 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy 653:674 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy 653:674 The results from monosaccharide composition, methylation and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy analyses indicated the presence of a highly branched (1,3)(1,6)-β-d-glucan, with (1,6)-β-d-glucopyranosil side-branching unit on average every 1-2 repeat units. 27987983 6 61 theme β-d-glucan 851:860 arg1 extract 862:868 the β-d-glucan extract 847:868 the β-d-glucan extract 847:868 In vitro, the β-d-glucan extract could significantly promote spleen lymphocyte proliferation in human, equine and mouse cell cultures. 27987983 7 62 theme TNF-α 1133:1137 arg1 production 1150:1159 IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IL-17A production 1114:1159 IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IL-17A production 1114:1159 BALB/c mice that were subcutaneously pre-immunized with three doses of 0.5, 2.5 and 5.0mg of β-glucan/mouse, showed a significant increase in IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IL-17A production compared to non-immunized mice. 27987983 2 63 theme biological 311:320 arg1 activities 322:331 its biological activities 307:331 its biological activities 307:331 This study is the first to evaluate the P. insidiosum glucan content and its biological activities. 27987983 5 64 theme spectroscopy 663:674 arg1 analyses 676:683 monosaccharide composition, methylation and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy analyses 609:683 monosaccharide composition, methylation and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy analyses 609:683 The results from monosaccharide composition, methylation and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy analyses indicated the presence of a highly branched (1,3)(1,6)-β-d-glucan, with (1,6)-β-d-glucopyranosil side-branching unit on average every 1-2 repeat units. 27987983 5 65 from unit 797:800 arg1 average 805:811 average every 1-2 repeat units 805:834 average every 1-2 repeat units 805:834 The results from monosaccharide composition, methylation and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy analyses indicated the presence of a highly branched (1,3)(1,6)-β-d-glucan, with (1,6)-β-d-glucopyranosil side-branching unit on average every 1-2 repeat units. 27987983 8 66 theme significant 1249:1259 arg1 response 1295:1302 significant and specific Th17 cellular immune response 1249:1302 significant and specific Th17 cellular immune response 1249:1302 These results suggested that β-d-glucan extract induces significant and specific Th17 cellular immune response and provided the theoretical basis for further experiments. 27987983 1 67 theme oomycete 205:212 arg1 insidiosum 222:231 the pathogenic oomycete Pythium insidiosum 190:231 the pathogenic oomycete Pythium insidiosum 190:231 Pythiosis is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by the pathogenic oomycete Pythium insidiosum. 27987983 5 68 dep average 805:811 arg1 units 830:834 every 1-2 repeat units 813:834 average every 1-2 repeat units 805:834 The results from monosaccharide composition, methylation and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy analyses indicated the presence of a highly branched (1,3)(1,6)-β-d-glucan, with (1,6)-β-d-glucopyranosil side-branching unit on average every 1-2 repeat units. 27987983 7 69 theme 5.0mg 1056:1060 arg1 doses 1034:1038 three doses 1028:1038 three doses of 0.5, 2.5 and 5.0mg of β-glucan/mouse 1028:1078 BALB/c mice that were subcutaneously pre-immunized with three doses of 0.5, 2.5 and 5.0mg of β-glucan/mouse, showed a significant increase in IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IL-17A production compared to non-immunized mice. 27987983 1 70 theme Pythium 214:220 arg1 insidiosum 222:231 the pathogenic oomycete Pythium insidiosum 190:231 the pathogenic oomycete Pythium insidiosum 190:231 Pythiosis is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by the pathogenic oomycete Pythium insidiosum. 27987983 8 71 theme specific 1265:1272 arg1 response 1295:1302 significant and specific Th17 cellular immune response 1249:1302 significant and specific Th17 cellular immune response 1249:1302 These results suggested that β-d-glucan extract induces significant and specific Th17 cellular immune response and provided the theoretical basis for further experiments. 27987983 5 72 theme -β-d-glucan 739:749 arg1 presence 699:706 the presence 695:706 the presence of a highly branched (1,3)(1,6)-β-d-glucan 695:749 The results from monosaccharide composition, methylation and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy analyses indicated the presence of a highly branched (1,3)(1,6)-β-d-glucan, with (1,6)-β-d-glucopyranosil side-branching unit on average every 1-2 repeat units. 27987983 7 73 theme IL-2 1114:1117 arg1 production 1150:1159 IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IL-17A production 1114:1159 IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IL-17A production 1114:1159 BALB/c mice that were subcutaneously pre-immunized with three doses of 0.5, 2.5 and 5.0mg of β-glucan/mouse, showed a significant increase in IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IL-17A production compared to non-immunized mice. 27987983 6 74 theme spleen 898:903 arg1 proliferation 916:928 spleen lymphocyte proliferation 898:928 spleen lymphocyte proliferation 898:928 In vitro, the β-d-glucan extract could significantly promote spleen lymphocyte proliferation in human, equine and mouse cell cultures. 28709896 0 0 theme nano 89:92 arg1 composites 94:103 chitosan silver nano composites 73:103 chitosan silver nano composites 73:103 Comparative study on antifungal activities of chitosan nanoparticles and chitosan silver nano composites against Fusarium oxysporum species complex. 28709896 7 1 dep F. 1415:1416 arg1 oxysporum 1418:1426 F. oxysporum 1415:1426 F. oxysporum 1415:1426 Both CNPs and CAgNCs were not only effective in reducing the fungal growth, but also caused morphological and ultrastructural changes in the pathogen, thereby suggesting its usage as an antifungal dispersion system to control F. oxysporum. 28709896 4 2 theme X-ray 715:719 arg1 diffraction 721:731 X-ray diffraction 715:731 X-ray diffraction 715:731 CNPs and CAgNCs were synthesized, characterized and compared based on the transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis absorbance spectra, particle size distribution, zeta potential and thermal stability analysis. 28709896 5 3 from analysis 853:860 arg1 membrane 874:881 mycelium membrane 865:881 mycelium membrane of treated F. oxysporum 865:905 Ultra-structural analysis on mycelium membrane of treated F. oxysporum showed that CNPs and CAgNCs could induce a pronounced membrane damage and disruption of the mycelium surface, increase the membrane permeability, and even cell disintegration. 28709896 9 4 theme active 1547:1552 arg1 CNPs 1554:1557 biologically active CNPs 1534:1557 biologically active CNPs 1534:1557 Data demonstrates biologically active CNPs and CAgNCs are promising antifungal agents against F. oxysporum. 28709896 0 5 theme silver 82:87 arg1 composites 94:103 chitosan silver nano composites 73:103 chitosan silver nano composites 73:103 Comparative study on antifungal activities of chitosan nanoparticles and chitosan silver nano composites against Fusarium oxysporum species complex. 28709896 0 6 from study 12:16 arg1 activities 32:41 antifungal activities 21:41 antifungal activities of chitosan nanoparticles and chitosan silver nano composites against Fusarium oxysporum species complex 21:146 Comparative study on antifungal activities of chitosan nanoparticles and chitosan silver nano composites against Fusarium oxysporum species complex. 28709896 3 7 theme chitosan 509:516 arg1 CAgNCs 541:546 CAgNCs 541:546 CAgNCs 541:546 In this study, antifungal effects of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) and chitosan silver nanocomposites (CAgNCs) were compared against Fusarium oxysporum species complex. 28709896 3 7 theme chitosan 509:516 arg1 nanocomposites 525:538 chitosan silver nanocomposites 509:538 chitosan silver nanocomposites (CAgNCs) 509:547 In this study, antifungal effects of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) and chitosan silver nanocomposites (CAgNCs) were compared against Fusarium oxysporum species complex. 28709896 3 8 theme silver 518:523 arg1 CAgNCs 541:546 CAgNCs 541:546 CAgNCs 541:546 In this study, antifungal effects of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) and chitosan silver nanocomposites (CAgNCs) were compared against Fusarium oxysporum species complex. 28709896 3 8 theme silver 518:523 arg1 nanocomposites 525:538 chitosan silver nanocomposites 509:538 chitosan silver nanocomposites (CAgNCs) 509:547 In this study, antifungal effects of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) and chitosan silver nanocomposites (CAgNCs) were compared against Fusarium oxysporum species complex. 28709896 9 9 theme antifungal 1584:1593 arg1 CAgNCs 1563:1568 CAgNCs 1563:1568 CAgNCs 1563:1568 Data demonstrates biologically active CNPs and CAgNCs are promising antifungal agents against F. oxysporum. 28709896 9 9 theme antifungal 1584:1593 arg1 agents 1595:1600 promising antifungal agents 1574:1600 promising antifungal agents against F. oxysporum 1574:1621 Data demonstrates biologically active CNPs and CAgNCs are promising antifungal agents against F. oxysporum. 28709896 0 10 theme composites 94:103 arg1 activities 32:41 antifungal activities 21:41 antifungal activities of chitosan nanoparticles and chitosan silver nano composites against Fusarium oxysporum species complex 21:146 Comparative study on antifungal activities of chitosan nanoparticles and chitosan silver nano composites against Fusarium oxysporum species complex. 28709896 5 11 theme Ultra-structural 836:851 arg1 analysis 853:860 Ultra-structural analysis 836:860 Ultra-structural analysis on mycelium membrane of treated F. oxysporum 836:905 Ultra-structural analysis on mycelium membrane of treated F. oxysporum showed that CNPs and CAgNCs could induce a pronounced membrane damage and disruption of the mycelium surface, increase the membrane permeability, and even cell disintegration. 28709896 5 12 theme mycelium 999:1006 arg1 surface 1008:1014 the mycelium surface 995:1014 the mycelium surface 995:1014 Ultra-structural analysis on mycelium membrane of treated F. oxysporum showed that CNPs and CAgNCs could induce a pronounced membrane damage and disruption of the mycelium surface, increase the membrane permeability, and even cell disintegration. 28709896 4 13 theme distribution 775:786 arg1 analysis 826:833 the transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis absorbance spectra, particle size distribution, zeta potential and thermal stability analysis 677:833 the transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis absorbance spectra, particle size distribution, zeta potential and thermal stability analysis 677:833 CNPs and CAgNCs were synthesized, characterized and compared based on the transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis absorbance spectra, particle size distribution, zeta potential and thermal stability analysis. 28709896 1 14 theme NPs 279:281 arg1 toxicity 267:274 erratic environmental toxicity 245:274 erratic environmental toxicity of NPs 245:281 Though the metal nanoparticles (NPs) have been shown favorable results against fungal diseases, erratic environmental toxicity of NPs have raised serious concerns against their applications. 28709896 0 15 theme oxysporum 122:130 arg1 complex 140:146 Fusarium oxysporum species complex 113:146 Fusarium oxysporum species complex 113:146 Comparative study on antifungal activities of chitosan nanoparticles and chitosan silver nano composites against Fusarium oxysporum species complex. 28709896 3 16 theme chitosan 475:482 arg1 CNPs 499:502 CNPs 499:502 CNPs 499:502 In this study, antifungal effects of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) and chitosan silver nanocomposites (CAgNCs) were compared against Fusarium oxysporum species complex. 28709896 3 16 theme chitosan 475:482 arg1 nanoparticles 484:496 chitosan nanoparticles 475:496 chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) 475:503 In this study, antifungal effects of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) and chitosan silver nanocomposites (CAgNCs) were compared against Fusarium oxysporum species complex. 28709896 4 17 theme potential 794:802 arg1 analysis 826:833 the transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis absorbance spectra, particle size distribution, zeta potential and thermal stability analysis 677:833 the transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis absorbance spectra, particle size distribution, zeta potential and thermal stability analysis 677:833 CNPs and CAgNCs were synthesized, characterized and compared based on the transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis absorbance spectra, particle size distribution, zeta potential and thermal stability analysis. 28709896 5 18 theme pronounced 950:959 arg1 damage 970:975 a pronounced membrane damage 948:975 a pronounced membrane damage 948:975 Ultra-structural analysis on mycelium membrane of treated F. oxysporum showed that CNPs and CAgNCs could induce a pronounced membrane damage and disruption of the mycelium surface, increase the membrane permeability, and even cell disintegration. 28709896 5 19 theme F. 894:895 arg1 oxysporum 897:905 treated F. oxysporum 886:905 treated F. oxysporum 886:905 Ultra-structural analysis on mycelium membrane of treated F. oxysporum showed that CNPs and CAgNCs could induce a pronounced membrane damage and disruption of the mycelium surface, increase the membrane permeability, and even cell disintegration. 28709896 0 20 theme Fusarium 113:120 arg1 complex 140:146 Fusarium oxysporum species complex 113:146 Fusarium oxysporum species complex 113:146 Comparative study on antifungal activities of chitosan nanoparticles and chitosan silver nano composites against Fusarium oxysporum species complex. 28709896 4 21 theme zeta 789:792 arg1 potential 794:802 zeta potential 789:802 zeta potential 789:802 CNPs and CAgNCs were synthesized, characterized and compared based on the transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis absorbance spectra, particle size distribution, zeta potential and thermal stability analysis. 28709896 6 22 theme growth 1127:1132 arg1 inhibition 1134:1143 a significantly higher radial growth inhibition 1097:1143 a significantly higher radial growth inhibition 1097:1143 CAgNCs showed a significantly higher radial growth inhibition than CNPs in all the tested concentrations. 28709896 5 23 theme oxysporum 897:905 arg1 membrane 874:881 mycelium membrane 865:881 mycelium membrane of treated F. oxysporum 865:905 Ultra-structural analysis on mycelium membrane of treated F. oxysporum showed that CNPs and CAgNCs could induce a pronounced membrane damage and disruption of the mycelium surface, increase the membrane permeability, and even cell disintegration. 28709896 7 24 theme fungal 1250:1255 arg1 growth 1257:1262 the fungal growth 1246:1262 the fungal growth 1246:1262 Both CNPs and CAgNCs were not only effective in reducing the fungal growth, but also caused morphological and ultrastructural changes in the pathogen, thereby suggesting its usage as an antifungal dispersion system to control F. oxysporum. 28709896 6 25 theme radial 1120:1125 arg1 inhibition 1134:1143 a significantly higher radial growth inhibition 1097:1143 a significantly higher radial growth inhibition 1097:1143 CAgNCs showed a significantly higher radial growth inhibition than CNPs in all the tested concentrations. 28709896 7 26 theme morphological 1281:1293 arg1 changes 1315:1321 morphological and ultrastructural changes 1281:1321 morphological and ultrastructural changes in the pathogen 1281:1337 Both CNPs and CAgNCs were not only effective in reducing the fungal growth, but also caused morphological and ultrastructural changes in the pathogen, thereby suggesting its usage as an antifungal dispersion system to control F. oxysporum. 28709896 3 27 theme Fusarium 571:578 arg1 complex 598:604 Fusarium oxysporum species complex 571:604 Fusarium oxysporum species complex 571:604 In this study, antifungal effects of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) and chitosan silver nanocomposites (CAgNCs) were compared against Fusarium oxysporum species complex. 28709896 7 28 theme ultrastructural 1299:1313 arg1 changes 1315:1321 morphological and ultrastructural changes 1281:1321 morphological and ultrastructural changes in the pathogen 1281:1337 Both CNPs and CAgNCs were not only effective in reducing the fungal growth, but also caused morphological and ultrastructural changes in the pathogen, thereby suggesting its usage as an antifungal dispersion system to control F. oxysporum. 28709896 4 29 theme transmission 681:692 arg1 microscope 703:712 transmission electron microscope 681:712 transmission electron microscope 681:712 CNPs and CAgNCs were synthesized, characterized and compared based on the transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis absorbance spectra, particle size distribution, zeta potential and thermal stability analysis. 28709896 0 30 theme Comparative 0:10 arg1 study 12:16 Comparative study 0:16 Comparative study on antifungal activities of chitosan nanoparticles and chitosan silver nano composites against Fusarium oxysporum species complex. 0:147 Comparative study on antifungal activities of chitosan nanoparticles and chitosan silver nano composites against Fusarium oxysporum species complex. 28709896 4 31 theme UV-vis 734:739 arg1 spectra 752:758 UV-vis absorbance spectra 734:758 UV-vis absorbance spectra 734:758 CNPs and CAgNCs were synthesized, characterized and compared based on the transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis absorbance spectra, particle size distribution, zeta potential and thermal stability analysis. 28709896 7 32 from changes 1315:1321 arg1 pathogen 1330:1337 the pathogen 1326:1337 the pathogen 1326:1337 Both CNPs and CAgNCs were not only effective in reducing the fungal growth, but also caused morphological and ultrastructural changes in the pathogen, thereby suggesting its usage as an antifungal dispersion system to control F. oxysporum. 28709896 3 33 theme oxysporum 580:588 arg1 complex 598:604 Fusarium oxysporum species complex 571:604 Fusarium oxysporum species complex 571:604 In this study, antifungal effects of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) and chitosan silver nanocomposites (CAgNCs) were compared against Fusarium oxysporum species complex. 28709896 0 34 theme antifungal 21:30 arg1 activities 32:41 antifungal activities 21:41 antifungal activities of chitosan nanoparticles and chitosan silver nano composites against Fusarium oxysporum species complex 21:146 Comparative study on antifungal activities of chitosan nanoparticles and chitosan silver nano composites against Fusarium oxysporum species complex. 28709896 5 35 theme membrane 1030:1037 arg1 permeability 1039:1050 the membrane permeability 1026:1050 the membrane permeability 1026:1050 Ultra-structural analysis on mycelium membrane of treated F. oxysporum showed that CNPs and CAgNCs could induce a pronounced membrane damage and disruption of the mycelium surface, increase the membrane permeability, and even cell disintegration. 28709896 5 36 theme membrane 961:968 arg1 damage 970:975 a pronounced membrane damage 948:975 a pronounced membrane damage 948:975 Ultra-structural analysis on mycelium membrane of treated F. oxysporum showed that CNPs and CAgNCs could induce a pronounced membrane damage and disruption of the mycelium surface, increase the membrane permeability, and even cell disintegration. 28709896 4 37 theme size 770:773 arg1 distribution 775:786 particle size distribution 761:786 particle size distribution 761:786 CNPs and CAgNCs were synthesized, characterized and compared based on the transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis absorbance spectra, particle size distribution, zeta potential and thermal stability analysis. 28709896 5 38 theme mycelium 865:872 arg1 membrane 874:881 mycelium membrane 865:881 mycelium membrane of treated F. oxysporum 865:905 Ultra-structural analysis on mycelium membrane of treated F. oxysporum showed that CNPs and CAgNCs could induce a pronounced membrane damage and disruption of the mycelium surface, increase the membrane permeability, and even cell disintegration. 28709896 4 39 theme spectra 752:758 arg1 analysis 826:833 the transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis absorbance spectra, particle size distribution, zeta potential and thermal stability analysis 677:833 the transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis absorbance spectra, particle size distribution, zeta potential and thermal stability analysis 677:833 CNPs and CAgNCs were synthesized, characterized and compared based on the transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis absorbance spectra, particle size distribution, zeta potential and thermal stability analysis. 28709896 0 40 theme species 132:138 arg1 complex 140:146 Fusarium oxysporum species complex 113:146 Fusarium oxysporum species complex 113:146 Comparative study on antifungal activities of chitosan nanoparticles and chitosan silver nano composites against Fusarium oxysporum species complex. 28709896 8 41 theme F. 1479:1480 arg1 infection 1492:1500 the F. oxysporum infection 1475:1500 the F. oxysporum infection in zebrafish 1475:1513 Additionally, CNPs and CAgNCs therapy reduced the F. oxysporum infection in zebrafish. 28709896 4 42 theme particle 761:768 arg1 distribution 775:786 particle size distribution 761:786 particle size distribution 761:786 CNPs and CAgNCs were synthesized, characterized and compared based on the transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis absorbance spectra, particle size distribution, zeta potential and thermal stability analysis. 28709896 9 43 theme promising 1574:1582 arg1 CAgNCs 1563:1568 CAgNCs 1563:1568 CAgNCs 1563:1568 Data demonstrates biologically active CNPs and CAgNCs are promising antifungal agents against F. oxysporum. 28709896 9 43 theme promising 1574:1582 arg1 agents 1595:1600 promising antifungal agents 1574:1600 promising antifungal agents against F. oxysporum 1574:1621 Data demonstrates biologically active CNPs and CAgNCs are promising antifungal agents against F. oxysporum. 28709896 1 44 theme favorable 202:210 arg1 results 212:218 favorable results 202:218 favorable results 202:218 Though the metal nanoparticles (NPs) have been shown favorable results against fungal diseases, erratic environmental toxicity of NPs have raised serious concerns against their applications. 28709896 1 45 dep erratic 245:251 arg1 environmental 253:265 environmental 253:265 environmental 253:265 Though the metal nanoparticles (NPs) have been shown favorable results against fungal diseases, erratic environmental toxicity of NPs have raised serious concerns against their applications. 28709896 2 46 theme synthetic 417:425 arg1 chemicals 427:435 synthetic chemicals 417:435 synthetic chemicals 417:435 Hence, it is vital to modify antifungal compounds into safe substitutes over synthetic chemicals. 28709896 4 47 theme microscope 703:712 arg1 analysis 826:833 the transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis absorbance spectra, particle size distribution, zeta potential and thermal stability analysis 677:833 the transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis absorbance spectra, particle size distribution, zeta potential and thermal stability analysis 677:833 CNPs and CAgNCs were synthesized, characterized and compared based on the transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis absorbance spectra, particle size distribution, zeta potential and thermal stability analysis. 28709896 5 48 theme treated 886:892 arg1 oxysporum 897:905 treated F. oxysporum 886:905 treated F. oxysporum 886:905 Ultra-structural analysis on mycelium membrane of treated F. oxysporum showed that CNPs and CAgNCs could induce a pronounced membrane damage and disruption of the mycelium surface, increase the membrane permeability, and even cell disintegration. 28709896 0 49 theme nanoparticles 55:67 arg1 activities 32:41 antifungal activities 21:41 antifungal activities of chitosan nanoparticles and chitosan silver nano composites against Fusarium oxysporum species complex 21:146 Comparative study on antifungal activities of chitosan nanoparticles and chitosan silver nano composites against Fusarium oxysporum species complex. 28709896 3 50 theme species 590:596 arg1 complex 598:604 Fusarium oxysporum species complex 571:604 Fusarium oxysporum species complex 571:604 In this study, antifungal effects of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) and chitosan silver nanocomposites (CAgNCs) were compared against Fusarium oxysporum species complex. 28709896 6 51 theme tested 1166:1171 arg1 concentrations 1173:1186 all the tested concentrations 1158:1186 all the tested concentrations 1158:1186 CAgNCs showed a significantly higher radial growth inhibition than CNPs in all the tested concentrations. 28709896 0 52 theme chitosan 46:53 arg1 nanoparticles 55:67 chitosan nanoparticles 46:67 chitosan nanoparticles 46:67 Comparative study on antifungal activities of chitosan nanoparticles and chitosan silver nano composites against Fusarium oxysporum species complex. 28709896 8 53 dep F. 1479:1480 arg1 oxysporum 1482:1490 F. oxysporum 1479:1490 the F. oxysporum infection in zebrafish 1475:1513 Additionally, CNPs and CAgNCs therapy reduced the F. oxysporum infection in zebrafish. 28709896 5 54 theme cell 1062:1065 arg1 disintegration 1067:1080 cell disintegration 1062:1080 cell disintegration 1062:1080 Ultra-structural analysis on mycelium membrane of treated F. oxysporum showed that CNPs and CAgNCs could induce a pronounced membrane damage and disruption of the mycelium surface, increase the membrane permeability, and even cell disintegration. 28709896 7 55 theme antifungal 1375:1384 arg1 system 1397:1402 an antifungal dispersion system 1372:1402 an antifungal dispersion system to control F. oxysporum 1372:1426 Both CNPs and CAgNCs were not only effective in reducing the fungal growth, but also caused morphological and ultrastructural changes in the pathogen, thereby suggesting its usage as an antifungal dispersion system to control F. oxysporum. 28709896 7 55 theme antifungal 1375:1384 arg1 usage 1363:1367 its usage 1359:1367 its usage 1359:1367 Both CNPs and CAgNCs were not only effective in reducing the fungal growth, but also caused morphological and ultrastructural changes in the pathogen, thereby suggesting its usage as an antifungal dispersion system to control F. oxysporum. 28709896 4 56 theme diffraction 721:731 arg1 analysis 826:833 the transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis absorbance spectra, particle size distribution, zeta potential and thermal stability analysis 677:833 the transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis absorbance spectra, particle size distribution, zeta potential and thermal stability analysis 677:833 CNPs and CAgNCs were synthesized, characterized and compared based on the transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis absorbance spectra, particle size distribution, zeta potential and thermal stability analysis. 28709896 8 57 theme CAgNCs 1452:1457 arg1 therapy 1459:1465 CAgNCs therapy 1452:1465 CAgNCs therapy 1452:1465 Additionally, CNPs and CAgNCs therapy reduced the F. oxysporum infection in zebrafish. 28709896 4 58 theme stability 816:824 arg1 analysis 826:833 the transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis absorbance spectra, particle size distribution, zeta potential and thermal stability analysis 677:833 the transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis absorbance spectra, particle size distribution, zeta potential and thermal stability analysis 677:833 CNPs and CAgNCs were synthesized, characterized and compared based on the transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis absorbance spectra, particle size distribution, zeta potential and thermal stability analysis. 28709896 7 59 theme dispersion 1386:1395 arg1 system 1397:1402 an antifungal dispersion system 1372:1402 an antifungal dispersion system to control F. oxysporum 1372:1426 Both CNPs and CAgNCs were not only effective in reducing the fungal growth, but also caused morphological and ultrastructural changes in the pathogen, thereby suggesting its usage as an antifungal dispersion system to control F. oxysporum. 28709896 7 59 theme dispersion 1386:1395 arg1 usage 1363:1367 its usage 1359:1367 its usage 1359:1367 Both CNPs and CAgNCs were not only effective in reducing the fungal growth, but also caused morphological and ultrastructural changes in the pathogen, thereby suggesting its usage as an antifungal dispersion system to control F. oxysporum. 28709896 4 60 theme thermal 808:814 arg1 stability 816:824 thermal stability 808:824 thermal stability 808:824 CNPs and CAgNCs were synthesized, characterized and compared based on the transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis absorbance spectra, particle size distribution, zeta potential and thermal stability analysis. 28709896 4 61 theme electron 694:701 arg1 microscope 703:712 transmission electron microscope 681:712 transmission electron microscope 681:712 CNPs and CAgNCs were synthesized, characterized and compared based on the transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis absorbance spectra, particle size distribution, zeta potential and thermal stability analysis. 28709896 3 62 theme nanoparticles 484:496 arg1 effects 464:470 antifungal effects 453:470 antifungal effects of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) and chitosan silver nanocomposites (CAgNCs) 453:547 In this study, antifungal effects of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) and chitosan silver nanocomposites (CAgNCs) were compared against Fusarium oxysporum species complex. 28709896 1 63 theme fungal 228:233 arg1 diseases 235:242 fungal diseases 228:242 fungal diseases 228:242 Though the metal nanoparticles (NPs) have been shown favorable results against fungal diseases, erratic environmental toxicity of NPs have raised serious concerns against their applications. 28709896 9 64 theme F. 1610:1611 arg1 oxysporum 1613:1621 F. oxysporum 1610:1621 F. oxysporum 1610:1621 Data demonstrates biologically active CNPs and CAgNCs are promising antifungal agents against F. oxysporum. 28709896 8 65 from infection 1492:1500 arg1 zebrafish 1505:1513 zebrafish 1505:1513 zebrafish 1505:1513 Additionally, CNPs and CAgNCs therapy reduced the F. oxysporum infection in zebrafish. 28709896 3 66 theme nanocomposites 525:538 arg1 effects 464:470 antifungal effects 453:470 antifungal effects of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) and chitosan silver nanocomposites (CAgNCs) 453:547 In this study, antifungal effects of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) and chitosan silver nanocomposites (CAgNCs) were compared against Fusarium oxysporum species complex. 28709896 4 67 theme absorbance 741:750 arg1 spectra 752:758 UV-vis absorbance spectra 734:758 UV-vis absorbance spectra 734:758 CNPs and CAgNCs were synthesized, characterized and compared based on the transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis absorbance spectra, particle size distribution, zeta potential and thermal stability analysis. 28709896 0 68 theme chitosan 73:80 arg1 composites 94:103 chitosan silver nano composites 73:103 chitosan silver nano composites 73:103 Comparative study on antifungal activities of chitosan nanoparticles and chitosan silver nano composites against Fusarium oxysporum species complex. 28709896 5 69 theme surface 1008:1014 arg1 disruption 981:990 disruption 981:990 disruption of the mycelium surface 981:1014 Ultra-structural analysis on mycelium membrane of treated F. oxysporum showed that CNPs and CAgNCs could induce a pronounced membrane damage and disruption of the mycelium surface, increase the membrane permeability, and even cell disintegration. 28709896 5 69 theme surface 1008:1014 arg1 damage 970:975 a pronounced membrane damage 948:975 a pronounced membrane damage 948:975 Ultra-structural analysis on mycelium membrane of treated F. oxysporum showed that CNPs and CAgNCs could induce a pronounced membrane damage and disruption of the mycelium surface, increase the membrane permeability, and even cell disintegration. 28709896 3 70 theme antifungal 453:462 arg1 effects 464:470 antifungal effects 453:470 antifungal effects of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) and chitosan silver nanocomposites (CAgNCs) 453:547 In this study, antifungal effects of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) and chitosan silver nanocomposites (CAgNCs) were compared against Fusarium oxysporum species complex. 28709896 2 71 theme antifungal 369:378 arg1 compounds 380:388 antifungal compounds 369:388 antifungal compounds 369:388 Hence, it is vital to modify antifungal compounds into safe substitutes over synthetic chemicals. 28709896 6 72 theme higher 1113:1118 arg1 inhibition 1134:1143 a significantly higher radial growth inhibition 1097:1143 a significantly higher radial growth inhibition 1097:1143 CAgNCs showed a significantly higher radial growth inhibition than CNPs in all the tested concentrations. 28709896 1 73 dep serious 295:301 arg1 concerns 303:310 concerns 303:310 concerns 303:310 Though the metal nanoparticles (NPs) have been shown favorable results against fungal diseases, erratic environmental toxicity of NPs have raised serious concerns against their applications. 28709896 2 74 dep safe 395:398 arg1 substitutes 400:410 substitutes 400:410 substitutes 400:410 Hence, it is vital to modify antifungal compounds into safe substitutes over synthetic chemicals. 28709896 6 75 from CNPs 1150:1153 arg1 concentrations 1173:1186 all the tested concentrations 1158:1186 all the tested concentrations 1158:1186 CAgNCs showed a significantly higher radial growth inhibition than CNPs in all the tested concentrations. 28709896 1 76 theme metal 160:164 arg1 NPs 181:183 NPs 181:183 NPs 181:183 Though the metal nanoparticles (NPs) have been shown favorable results against fungal diseases, erratic environmental toxicity of NPs have raised serious concerns against their applications. 28709896 1 76 theme metal 160:164 arg1 nanoparticles 166:178 the metal nanoparticles 156:178 the metal nanoparticles (NPs) 156:184 Though the metal nanoparticles (NPs) have been shown favorable results against fungal diseases, erratic environmental toxicity of NPs have raised serious concerns against their applications. 28709896 1 77 theme erratic 245:251 arg1 toxicity 267:274 erratic environmental toxicity 245:274 erratic environmental toxicity of NPs 245:281 Though the metal nanoparticles (NPs) have been shown favorable results against fungal diseases, erratic environmental toxicity of NPs have raised serious concerns against their applications. 28962766 0 0 theme hybrid-toughened 99:114 arg1 matrix 122:127 a hybrid-toughened epoxy matrix 97:127 a hybrid-toughened epoxy matrix 97:127 Nanocellulose composites with enhanced interfacial compatibility and mechanical properties using a hybrid-toughened epoxy matrix. 28962766 1 1 theme fibre 356:360 arg1 reinforcement 362:374 fibre reinforcement 356:374 fibre reinforcement 356:374 Although there is a growing interest in utilizing nanocellulose fibres (NCFs) based composites for achieving a higher sustainability, mechanical performance of these composites is limited due to the poor compatibility between fibre reinforcement and polymer matrices. 28962766 6 2 theme performance 1082:1092 arg1 NCFs 1119:1122 sustainable and high performance epoxy composites combing NCFs 1061:1122 sustainable and high performance epoxy composites combing NCFs with a hybrid petro-based and bio-based epoxy resin system 1061:1181 Thus, our findings demonstrated the promise of developing sustainable and high performance epoxy composites combing NCFs with a hybrid petro-based and bio-based epoxy resin system. 28962766 1 3 theme mechanical 264:273 arg1 performance 275:285 mechanical performance 264:285 mechanical performance of these composites 264:305 Although there is a growing interest in utilizing nanocellulose fibres (NCFs) based composites for achieving a higher sustainability, mechanical performance of these composites is limited due to the poor compatibility between fibre reinforcement and polymer matrices. 28962766 2 4 with bio-nanocomposite 418:434 arg1 fibre/resin 453:463 an enhanced fibre/resin 441:463 an enhanced fibre/resin interface using a hybrid-toughened epoxy 441:504 Here we developed a bio-nanocomposite with an enhanced fibre/resin interface using a hybrid-toughened epoxy. 28962766 1 5 theme nanocellulose 180:192 arg1 NCFs 202:205 NCFs 202:205 NCFs 202:205 Although there is a growing interest in utilizing nanocellulose fibres (NCFs) based composites for achieving a higher sustainability, mechanical performance of these composites is limited due to the poor compatibility between fibre reinforcement and polymer matrices. 28962766 1 5 theme nanocellulose 180:192 arg1 fibres 194:199 nanocellulose fibres 180:199 nanocellulose fibres (NCFs) 180:206 Although there is a growing interest in utilizing nanocellulose fibres (NCFs) based composites for achieving a higher sustainability, mechanical performance of these composites is limited due to the poor compatibility between fibre reinforcement and polymer matrices. 28962766 4 6 theme % 757:757 arg1 monomers 777:784 10wt% bio-based E-epoxy monomers 753:784 10wt% bio-based E-epoxy monomers 753:784 The toughness of neat P-epoxy was improved by 84% with the addition of 10wt% bio-based E-epoxy monomers, which also mitigated the amount of usage of bisphenol A (BPA). 28962766 0 7 theme epoxy 116:120 arg1 matrix 122:127 a hybrid-toughened epoxy matrix 97:127 a hybrid-toughened epoxy matrix 97:127 Nanocellulose composites with enhanced interfacial compatibility and mechanical properties using a hybrid-toughened epoxy matrix. 28962766 1 8 theme polymer 380:386 arg1 matrices 388:395 polymer matrices 380:395 polymer matrices 380:395 Although there is a growing interest in utilizing nanocellulose fibres (NCFs) based composites for achieving a higher sustainability, mechanical performance of these composites is limited due to the poor compatibility between fibre reinforcement and polymer matrices. 28962766 5 9 theme fibre 941:945 arg1 distribution 947:958 fibre distribution 941:958 fibre distribution 941:958 The morphological analyses showed that the hybrid epoxy improved the resin penetration and fibre distribution significantly in the resulting composites. 28962766 4 10 theme 10wt 753:756 arg1 % 757:757 % 757:757 % 757:757 The toughness of neat P-epoxy was improved by 84% with the addition of 10wt% bio-based E-epoxy monomers, which also mitigated the amount of usage of bisphenol A (BPA). 28962766 6 11 theme combing 1111:1117 arg1 NCFs 1119:1122 sustainable and high performance epoxy composites combing NCFs 1061:1122 sustainable and high performance epoxy composites combing NCFs with a hybrid petro-based and bio-based epoxy resin system 1061:1181 Thus, our findings demonstrated the promise of developing sustainable and high performance epoxy composites combing NCFs with a hybrid petro-based and bio-based epoxy resin system. 28962766 3 12 theme strong 509:514 arg1 effect 528:533 A strong reinforcing effect 507:533 A strong reinforcing effect of NCFs 507:541 A strong reinforcing effect of NCFs was achieved, demonstrating an increase up to 88% in tensile strength and 298% in tensile modulus as compared to neat petro-based P-epoxy. 28962766 4 13 theme E-epoxy 769:775 arg1 monomers 777:784 10wt% bio-based E-epoxy monomers 753:784 10wt% bio-based E-epoxy monomers 753:784 The toughness of neat P-epoxy was improved by 84% with the addition of 10wt% bio-based E-epoxy monomers, which also mitigated the amount of usage of bisphenol A (BPA). 28962766 5 14 theme hybrid 893:898 arg1 epoxy 900:904 the hybrid epoxy 889:904 the hybrid epoxy 889:904 The morphological analyses showed that the hybrid epoxy improved the resin penetration and fibre distribution significantly in the resulting composites. 28962766 4 15 theme usage 822:826 arg1 usage 822:826 usage 822:826 usage of bisphenol A (BPA) 822:847 The toughness of neat P-epoxy was improved by 84% with the addition of 10wt% bio-based E-epoxy monomers, which also mitigated the amount of usage of bisphenol A (BPA). 28962766 4 15 theme usage 822:826 arg1 amount 812:817 the amount 808:817 the amount of usage of bisphenol A (BPA) 808:847 The toughness of neat P-epoxy was improved by 84% with the addition of 10wt% bio-based E-epoxy monomers, which also mitigated the amount of usage of bisphenol A (BPA). 28962766 4 16 theme bio-based 759:767 arg1 monomers 777:784 10wt% bio-based E-epoxy monomers 753:784 10wt% bio-based E-epoxy monomers 753:784 The toughness of neat P-epoxy was improved by 84% with the addition of 10wt% bio-based E-epoxy monomers, which also mitigated the amount of usage of bisphenol A (BPA). 28962766 6 17 theme high 1077:1080 arg1 NCFs 1119:1122 sustainable and high performance epoxy composites combing NCFs 1061:1122 sustainable and high performance epoxy composites combing NCFs with a hybrid petro-based and bio-based epoxy resin system 1061:1181 Thus, our findings demonstrated the promise of developing sustainable and high performance epoxy composites combing NCFs with a hybrid petro-based and bio-based epoxy resin system. 28962766 6 18 theme sustainable 1061:1071 arg1 NCFs 1119:1122 sustainable and high performance epoxy composites combing NCFs 1061:1122 sustainable and high performance epoxy composites combing NCFs with a hybrid petro-based and bio-based epoxy resin system 1061:1181 Thus, our findings demonstrated the promise of developing sustainable and high performance epoxy composites combing NCFs with a hybrid petro-based and bio-based epoxy resin system. 28962766 2 19 theme hybrid-toughened 483:498 arg1 epoxy 500:504 a hybrid-toughened epoxy 481:504 a hybrid-toughened epoxy 481:504 Here we developed a bio-nanocomposite with an enhanced fibre/resin interface using a hybrid-toughened epoxy. 28962766 4 20 theme A 841:841 arg1 usage 822:826 usage 822:826 usage of bisphenol A (BPA) 822:847 The toughness of neat P-epoxy was improved by 84% with the addition of 10wt% bio-based E-epoxy monomers, which also mitigated the amount of usage of bisphenol A (BPA). 28962766 6 21 theme bio-based 1154:1162 arg1 resin 1170:1174 a hybrid petro-based and bio-based epoxy resin 1129:1174 a hybrid petro-based and bio-based epoxy resin system 1129:1181 Thus, our findings demonstrated the promise of developing sustainable and high performance epoxy composites combing NCFs with a hybrid petro-based and bio-based epoxy resin system. 28962766 0 22 theme Nanocellulose 0:12 arg1 composites 14:23 Nanocellulose composites 0:23 Nanocellulose composites with enhanced interfacial compatibility and mechanical properties using a hybrid-toughened epoxy matrix. 0:128 Nanocellulose composites with enhanced interfacial compatibility and mechanical properties using a hybrid-toughened epoxy matrix. 28962766 1 23 theme composites 296:305 arg1 performance 275:285 mechanical performance 264:285 mechanical performance of these composites 264:305 Although there is a growing interest in utilizing nanocellulose fibres (NCFs) based composites for achieving a higher sustainability, mechanical performance of these composites is limited due to the poor compatibility between fibre reinforcement and polymer matrices. 28962766 4 24 theme bisphenol 831:839 arg1 BPA 844:846 BPA 844:846 BPA 844:846 The toughness of neat P-epoxy was improved by 84% with the addition of 10wt% bio-based E-epoxy monomers, which also mitigated the amount of usage of bisphenol A (BPA). 28962766 4 24 theme bisphenol 831:839 arg1 A 841:841 bisphenol A 831:841 bisphenol A (BPA) 831:847 The toughness of neat P-epoxy was improved by 84% with the addition of 10wt% bio-based E-epoxy monomers, which also mitigated the amount of usage of bisphenol A (BPA). 28962766 3 25 theme tensile 596:602 arg1 strength 604:611 tensile strength 596:611 tensile strength 596:611 A strong reinforcing effect of NCFs was achieved, demonstrating an increase up to 88% in tensile strength and 298% in tensile modulus as compared to neat petro-based P-epoxy. 28962766 0 26 theme enhanced 30:37 arg1 compatibility 51:63 enhanced interfacial compatibility 30:63 enhanced interfacial compatibility 30:63 Nanocellulose composites with enhanced interfacial compatibility and mechanical properties using a hybrid-toughened epoxy matrix. 28962766 5 27 theme resulting 981:989 arg1 composites 991:1000 the resulting composites 977:1000 the resulting composites 977:1000 The morphological analyses showed that the hybrid epoxy improved the resin penetration and fibre distribution significantly in the resulting composites. 28962766 5 28 theme resin 919:923 arg1 penetration 925:935 the resin penetration 915:935 the resin penetration 915:935 The morphological analyses showed that the hybrid epoxy improved the resin penetration and fibre distribution significantly in the resulting composites. 28962766 1 29 theme based 208:212 arg1 composites 214:223 nanocellulose fibres (NCFs) based composites 180:223 nanocellulose fibres (NCFs) based composites 180:223 Although there is a growing interest in utilizing nanocellulose fibres (NCFs) based composites for achieving a higher sustainability, mechanical performance of these composites is limited due to the poor compatibility between fibre reinforcement and polymer matrices. 28962766 6 30 theme resin 1170:1174 arg1 system 1176:1181 a hybrid petro-based and bio-based epoxy resin system 1129:1181 a hybrid petro-based and bio-based epoxy resin system 1129:1181 Thus, our findings demonstrated the promise of developing sustainable and high performance epoxy composites combing NCFs with a hybrid petro-based and bio-based epoxy resin system. 28962766 3 31 theme neat 656:659 arg1 P-epoxy 673:679 neat petro-based P-epoxy 656:679 neat petro-based P-epoxy 656:679 A strong reinforcing effect of NCFs was achieved, demonstrating an increase up to 88% in tensile strength and 298% in tensile modulus as compared to neat petro-based P-epoxy. 28962766 4 32 theme P-epoxy 704:710 arg1 toughness 686:694 The toughness 682:694 The toughness of neat P-epoxy 682:710 The toughness of neat P-epoxy was improved by 84% with the addition of 10wt% bio-based E-epoxy monomers, which also mitigated the amount of usage of bisphenol A (BPA). 28962766 2 33 theme enhanced 444:451 arg1 fibre/resin 453:463 an enhanced fibre/resin 441:463 an enhanced fibre/resin interface using a hybrid-toughened epoxy 441:504 Here we developed a bio-nanocomposite with an enhanced fibre/resin interface using a hybrid-toughened epoxy. 28962766 3 34 theme petro-based 661:671 arg1 P-epoxy 673:679 neat petro-based P-epoxy 656:679 neat petro-based P-epoxy 656:679 A strong reinforcing effect of NCFs was achieved, demonstrating an increase up to 88% in tensile strength and 298% in tensile modulus as compared to neat petro-based P-epoxy. 28962766 3 35 from % 620:620 arg1 strength 604:611 tensile strength 596:611 tensile strength 596:611 A strong reinforcing effect of NCFs was achieved, demonstrating an increase up to 88% in tensile strength and 298% in tensile modulus as compared to neat petro-based P-epoxy. 28962766 3 35 from % 620:620 arg1 modulus 633:639 tensile modulus 625:639 tensile modulus 625:639 A strong reinforcing effect of NCFs was achieved, demonstrating an increase up to 88% in tensile strength and 298% in tensile modulus as compared to neat petro-based P-epoxy. 28962766 0 36 theme interfacial 39:49 arg1 compatibility 51:63 enhanced interfacial compatibility 30:63 enhanced interfacial compatibility 30:63 Nanocellulose composites with enhanced interfacial compatibility and mechanical properties using a hybrid-toughened epoxy matrix. 28962766 0 37 theme mechanical 69:78 arg1 properties 80:89 mechanical properties 69:89 mechanical properties 69:89 Nanocellulose composites with enhanced interfacial compatibility and mechanical properties using a hybrid-toughened epoxy matrix. 28962766 6 38 theme composites 1100:1109 arg1 NCFs 1119:1122 sustainable and high performance epoxy composites combing NCFs 1061:1122 sustainable and high performance epoxy composites combing NCFs with a hybrid petro-based and bio-based epoxy resin system 1061:1181 Thus, our findings demonstrated the promise of developing sustainable and high performance epoxy composites combing NCFs with a hybrid petro-based and bio-based epoxy resin system. 28962766 1 39 theme poor 329:332 arg1 compatibility 334:346 the poor compatibility 325:346 the poor compatibility between fibre reinforcement and polymer matrices 325:395 Although there is a growing interest in utilizing nanocellulose fibres (NCFs) based composites for achieving a higher sustainability, mechanical performance of these composites is limited due to the poor compatibility between fibre reinforcement and polymer matrices. 28962766 6 40 with NCFs 1119:1122 arg1 system 1176:1181 a hybrid petro-based and bio-based epoxy resin system 1129:1181 a hybrid petro-based and bio-based epoxy resin system 1129:1181 Thus, our findings demonstrated the promise of developing sustainable and high performance epoxy composites combing NCFs with a hybrid petro-based and bio-based epoxy resin system. 28962766 6 41 theme petro-based 1138:1148 arg1 resin 1170:1174 a hybrid petro-based and bio-based epoxy resin 1129:1174 a hybrid petro-based and bio-based epoxy resin system 1129:1181 Thus, our findings demonstrated the promise of developing sustainable and high performance epoxy composites combing NCFs with a hybrid petro-based and bio-based epoxy resin system. 28962766 0 42 with composites 14:23 arg1 compatibility 51:63 enhanced interfacial compatibility 30:63 enhanced interfacial compatibility 30:63 Nanocellulose composites with enhanced interfacial compatibility and mechanical properties using a hybrid-toughened epoxy matrix. 28962766 0 42 with composites 14:23 arg1 properties 80:89 mechanical properties 69:89 mechanical properties 69:89 Nanocellulose composites with enhanced interfacial compatibility and mechanical properties using a hybrid-toughened epoxy matrix. 28962766 3 43 theme NCFs 538:541 arg1 effect 528:533 A strong reinforcing effect 507:533 A strong reinforcing effect of NCFs 507:541 A strong reinforcing effect of NCFs was achieved, demonstrating an increase up to 88% in tensile strength and 298% in tensile modulus as compared to neat petro-based P-epoxy. 28962766 3 44 theme reinforcing 516:526 arg1 effect 528:533 A strong reinforcing effect 507:533 A strong reinforcing effect of NCFs 507:541 A strong reinforcing effect of NCFs was achieved, demonstrating an increase up to 88% in tensile strength and 298% in tensile modulus as compared to neat petro-based P-epoxy. 28962766 3 45 from % 591:591 arg1 strength 604:611 tensile strength 596:611 tensile strength 596:611 A strong reinforcing effect of NCFs was achieved, demonstrating an increase up to 88% in tensile strength and 298% in tensile modulus as compared to neat petro-based P-epoxy. 28962766 3 45 from % 591:591 arg1 modulus 633:639 tensile modulus 625:639 tensile modulus 625:639 A strong reinforcing effect of NCFs was achieved, demonstrating an increase up to 88% in tensile strength and 298% in tensile modulus as compared to neat petro-based P-epoxy. 28962766 6 46 theme epoxy 1164:1168 arg1 resin 1170:1174 a hybrid petro-based and bio-based epoxy resin 1129:1174 a hybrid petro-based and bio-based epoxy resin system 1129:1181 Thus, our findings demonstrated the promise of developing sustainable and high performance epoxy composites combing NCFs with a hybrid petro-based and bio-based epoxy resin system. 28962766 4 47 theme monomers 777:784 arg1 addition 741:748 the addition 737:748 the addition 737:748 The toughness of neat P-epoxy was improved by 84% with the addition of 10wt% bio-based E-epoxy monomers, which also mitigated the amount of usage of bisphenol A (BPA). 28962766 1 48 theme growing 150:156 arg1 interest 158:165 a growing interest 148:165 a growing interest in utilizing nanocellulose fibres (NCFs) based composites for achieving a higher sustainability 148:261 Although there is a growing interest in utilizing nanocellulose fibres (NCFs) based composites for achieving a higher sustainability, mechanical performance of these composites is limited due to the poor compatibility between fibre reinforcement and polymer matrices. 28962766 1 49 theme higher 241:246 arg1 sustainability 248:261 a higher sustainability 239:261 a higher sustainability 239:261 Although there is a growing interest in utilizing nanocellulose fibres (NCFs) based composites for achieving a higher sustainability, mechanical performance of these composites is limited due to the poor compatibility between fibre reinforcement and polymer matrices. 28962766 6 50 theme epoxy 1094:1098 arg1 NCFs 1119:1122 sustainable and high performance epoxy composites combing NCFs 1061:1122 sustainable and high performance epoxy composites combing NCFs with a hybrid petro-based and bio-based epoxy resin system 1061:1181 Thus, our findings demonstrated the promise of developing sustainable and high performance epoxy composites combing NCFs with a hybrid petro-based and bio-based epoxy resin system. 28962766 1 51 dep based 208:212 arg1 NCFs 202:205 NCFs 202:205 NCFs 202:205 Although there is a growing interest in utilizing nanocellulose fibres (NCFs) based composites for achieving a higher sustainability, mechanical performance of these composites is limited due to the poor compatibility between fibre reinforcement and polymer matrices. 28962766 1 51 dep based 208:212 arg1 fibres 194:199 nanocellulose fibres 180:199 nanocellulose fibres (NCFs) 180:206 Although there is a growing interest in utilizing nanocellulose fibres (NCFs) based composites for achieving a higher sustainability, mechanical performance of these composites is limited due to the poor compatibility between fibre reinforcement and polymer matrices. 28962766 4 52 theme neat 699:702 arg1 P-epoxy 704:710 neat P-epoxy 699:710 neat P-epoxy 699:710 The toughness of neat P-epoxy was improved by 84% with the addition of 10wt% bio-based E-epoxy monomers, which also mitigated the amount of usage of bisphenol A (BPA). 28962766 4 53 with % 730:730 arg1 addition 741:748 the addition 737:748 the addition 737:748 The toughness of neat P-epoxy was improved by 84% with the addition of 10wt% bio-based E-epoxy monomers, which also mitigated the amount of usage of bisphenol A (BPA). 28962766 3 54 theme tensile 625:631 arg1 modulus 633:639 tensile modulus 625:639 tensile modulus 625:639 A strong reinforcing effect of NCFs was achieved, demonstrating an increase up to 88% in tensile strength and 298% in tensile modulus as compared to neat petro-based P-epoxy. 28962766 5 55 theme morphological 854:866 arg1 analyses 868:875 The morphological analyses 850:875 The morphological analyses 850:875 The morphological analyses showed that the hybrid epoxy improved the resin penetration and fibre distribution significantly in the resulting composites. 29279105 2 0 theme loading 462:468 arg1 levels 470:475 the lower loading levels 452:475 the lower loading levels 452:475 The presence of SNC particles improves gas barrier properties, tearing strength, as well as the creep resistance of the PCL membrane evidently at the lower loading levels. 29279105 2 1 theme barrier 349:355 arg1 properties 357:366 gas barrier properties 345:366 gas barrier properties 345:366 The presence of SNC particles improves gas barrier properties, tearing strength, as well as the creep resistance of the PCL membrane evidently at the lower loading levels. 29279105 2 2 theme lower 456:460 arg1 levels 470:475 the lower loading levels 452:475 the lower loading levels 452:475 The presence of SNC particles improves gas barrier properties, tearing strength, as well as the creep resistance of the PCL membrane evidently at the lower loading levels. 29279105 2 3 theme gas 345:347 arg1 properties 357:366 gas barrier properties 345:366 gas barrier properties 345:366 The presence of SNC particles improves gas barrier properties, tearing strength, as well as the creep resistance of the PCL membrane evidently at the lower loading levels. 29279105 0 4 theme improved 96:103 arg1 properties 105:114 highly improved properties 89:114 highly improved properties 89:114 The starch nanocrystal filled biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) composite membrane with highly improved properties. 29279105 5 5 theme hour-time 859:867 arg1 scale 869:873 hour-time scale 859:873 hour-time scale to day-time one 859:889 The strain failure stage of the membrane is also highly delayed in the presence of acetylated SNC, from hour-time scale to day-time one. 29279105 6 6 theme PCL 1022:1024 arg1 membrane 1026:1033 biodegradable PCL membrane 1008:1033 biodegradable PCL membrane 1008:1033 Therefore, the biodegradable SNC is a promising candidate to be used as the filler to improve the key properties of biodegradable PCL membrane, but the chemically modified SNC is the better option. 29279105 5 7 theme acetylated 838:847 arg1 SNC 849:851 acetylated SNC 838:851 acetylated SNC 838:851 The strain failure stage of the membrane is also highly delayed in the presence of acetylated SNC, from hour-time scale to day-time one. 29279105 6 8 theme modified 1055:1062 arg1 option 1082:1087 the better option 1071:1087 the better option 1071:1087 Therefore, the biodegradable SNC is a promising candidate to be used as the filler to improve the key properties of biodegradable PCL membrane, but the chemically modified SNC is the better option. 29279105 6 8 theme modified 1055:1062 arg1 SNC 1064:1066 the chemically modified SNC 1040:1066 the chemically modified SNC 1040:1066 Therefore, the biodegradable SNC is a promising candidate to be used as the filler to improve the key properties of biodegradable PCL membrane, but the chemically modified SNC is the better option. 29279105 6 9 theme key 990:992 arg1 properties 994:1003 the key properties 986:1003 the key properties of biodegradable PCL membrane 986:1033 Therefore, the biodegradable SNC is a promising candidate to be used as the filler to improve the key properties of biodegradable PCL membrane, but the chemically modified SNC is the better option. 29279105 0 10 theme starch 4:9 arg1 nanocrystal 11:21 The starch nanocrystal 0:21 The starch nanocrystal 0:21 The starch nanocrystal filled biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) composite membrane with highly improved properties. 29279105 4 11 theme tearing 679:685 arg1 strength 687:694 the tearing strength 675:694 the tearing strength 675:694 The presence of acetylated SNC particles (1wt%) can reduce the oxygen transmission rate by about 70% and increase the tearing strength by about 68%, which is due to the improved phase adhesion. 29279105 4 12 theme oxygen 624:629 arg1 rate 644:647 the oxygen transmission rate 620:647 the oxygen transmission rate 620:647 The presence of acetylated SNC particles (1wt%) can reduce the oxygen transmission rate by about 70% and increase the tearing strength by about 68%, which is due to the improved phase adhesion. 29279105 5 13 theme SNC 849:851 arg1 presence 826:833 the presence 822:833 the presence of acetylated SNC 822:851 The strain failure stage of the membrane is also highly delayed in the presence of acetylated SNC, from hour-time scale to day-time one. 29279105 5 14 theme membrane 787:794 arg1 stage 774:778 The strain failure stage 755:778 The strain failure stage of the membrane 755:794 The strain failure stage of the membrane is also highly delayed in the presence of acetylated SNC, from hour-time scale to day-time one. 29279105 1 15 theme potential 264:272 arg1 application 293:303 the potential packaging membrane application 260:303 the potential packaging membrane application 260:303 The platelet-like starch nanocrystal (SNC) particles were used to prepare composite membrane with biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) for the potential packaging membrane application. 29279105 4 16 theme phase 739:743 arg1 adhesion 745:752 the improved phase adhesion 726:752 the improved phase adhesion 726:752 The presence of acetylated SNC particles (1wt%) can reduce the oxygen transmission rate by about 70% and increase the tearing strength by about 68%, which is due to the improved phase adhesion. 29279105 6 17 theme membrane 1026:1033 arg1 properties 994:1003 the key properties 986:1003 the key properties of biodegradable PCL membrane 986:1033 Therefore, the biodegradable SNC is a promising candidate to be used as the filler to improve the key properties of biodegradable PCL membrane, but the chemically modified SNC is the better option. 29279105 2 18 theme creep 402:406 arg1 resistance 408:417 the creep resistance 398:417 the creep resistance of the PCL membrane 398:437 The presence of SNC particles improves gas barrier properties, tearing strength, as well as the creep resistance of the PCL membrane evidently at the lower loading levels. 29279105 1 19 theme packaging 274:282 arg1 application 293:303 the potential packaging membrane application 260:303 the potential packaging membrane application 260:303 The platelet-like starch nanocrystal (SNC) particles were used to prepare composite membrane with biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) for the potential packaging membrane application. 29279105 3 20 theme surface 533:539 arg1 acetylation 541:551 the surface acetylation 529:551 the surface acetylation of SNC 529:558 This improvement effect can be further enhanced by the surface acetylation of SNC. 29279105 0 21 theme poly 44:47 arg1 membrane 75:82 biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) composite membrane 30:82 biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) composite membrane 30:82 The starch nanocrystal filled biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) composite membrane with highly improved properties. 29279105 1 22 theme membrane 284:291 arg1 application 293:303 the potential packaging membrane application 260:303 the potential packaging membrane application 260:303 The platelet-like starch nanocrystal (SNC) particles were used to prepare composite membrane with biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) for the potential packaging membrane application. 29279105 6 23 theme promising 930:938 arg1 candidate 940:948 a promising candidate 928:948 a promising candidate 928:948 Therefore, the biodegradable SNC is a promising candidate to be used as the filler to improve the key properties of biodegradable PCL membrane, but the chemically modified SNC is the better option. 29279105 6 23 theme promising 930:938 arg1 SNC 921:923 the biodegradable SNC 903:923 the biodegradable SNC 903:923 Therefore, the biodegradable SNC is a promising candidate to be used as the filler to improve the key properties of biodegradable PCL membrane, but the chemically modified SNC is the better option. 29279105 4 24 theme improved 730:737 arg1 adhesion 745:752 the improved phase adhesion 726:752 the improved phase adhesion 726:752 The presence of acetylated SNC particles (1wt%) can reduce the oxygen transmission rate by about 70% and increase the tearing strength by about 68%, which is due to the improved phase adhesion. 29279105 5 25 theme strain 759:764 arg1 stage 774:778 The strain failure stage 755:778 The strain failure stage of the membrane 755:794 The strain failure stage of the membrane is also highly delayed in the presence of acetylated SNC, from hour-time scale to day-time one. 29279105 0 26 theme biodegradable 30:42 arg1 poly 44:47 biodegradable poly 30:47 biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) composite membrane 30:82 The starch nanocrystal filled biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) composite membrane with highly improved properties. 29279105 0 26 theme biodegradable 30:42 arg1 ε-caprolactone 49:62 ε-caprolactone 49:62 ε-caprolactone 49:62 The starch nanocrystal filled biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) composite membrane with highly improved properties. 29279105 1 27 with membrane 201:208 arg1 ε-caprolactone 234:247 ε-caprolactone 234:247 ε-caprolactone 234:247 The platelet-like starch nanocrystal (SNC) particles were used to prepare composite membrane with biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) for the potential packaging membrane application. 29279105 1 27 with membrane 201:208 arg1 PCL 251:253 PCL 251:253 PCL 251:253 The platelet-like starch nanocrystal (SNC) particles were used to prepare composite membrane with biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) for the potential packaging membrane application. 29279105 1 27 with membrane 201:208 arg1 poly 229:232 biodegradable poly 215:232 biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) 215:254 The platelet-like starch nanocrystal (SNC) particles were used to prepare composite membrane with biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) for the potential packaging membrane application. 29279105 6 28 theme biodegradable 907:919 arg1 candidate 940:948 a promising candidate 928:948 a promising candidate 928:948 Therefore, the biodegradable SNC is a promising candidate to be used as the filler to improve the key properties of biodegradable PCL membrane, but the chemically modified SNC is the better option. 29279105 6 28 theme biodegradable 907:919 arg1 SNC 921:923 the biodegradable SNC 903:923 the biodegradable SNC 903:923 Therefore, the biodegradable SNC is a promising candidate to be used as the filler to improve the key properties of biodegradable PCL membrane, but the chemically modified SNC is the better option. 29279105 5 29 theme failure 766:772 arg1 stage 774:778 The strain failure stage 755:778 The strain failure stage of the membrane 755:794 The strain failure stage of the membrane is also highly delayed in the presence of acetylated SNC, from hour-time scale to day-time one. 29279105 1 30 theme biodegradable 215:227 arg1 ε-caprolactone 234:247 ε-caprolactone 234:247 ε-caprolactone 234:247 The platelet-like starch nanocrystal (SNC) particles were used to prepare composite membrane with biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) for the potential packaging membrane application. 29279105 1 30 theme biodegradable 215:227 arg1 PCL 251:253 PCL 251:253 PCL 251:253 The platelet-like starch nanocrystal (SNC) particles were used to prepare composite membrane with biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) for the potential packaging membrane application. 29279105 1 30 theme biodegradable 215:227 arg1 poly 229:232 biodegradable poly 215:232 biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) 215:254 The platelet-like starch nanocrystal (SNC) particles were used to prepare composite membrane with biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) for the potential packaging membrane application. 29279105 3 31 theme SNC 556:558 arg1 acetylation 541:551 the surface acetylation 529:551 the surface acetylation of SNC 529:558 This improvement effect can be further enhanced by the surface acetylation of SNC. 29279105 6 32 theme biodegradable 1008:1020 arg1 membrane 1026:1033 biodegradable PCL membrane 1008:1033 biodegradable PCL membrane 1008:1033 Therefore, the biodegradable SNC is a promising candidate to be used as the filler to improve the key properties of biodegradable PCL membrane, but the chemically modified SNC is the better option. 29279105 2 33 theme membrane 430:437 arg1 resistance 408:417 the creep resistance 398:417 the creep resistance of the PCL membrane 398:437 The presence of SNC particles improves gas barrier properties, tearing strength, as well as the creep resistance of the PCL membrane evidently at the lower loading levels. 29279105 2 33 theme membrane 430:437 arg1 strength 377:384 strength 377:384 strength 377:384 The presence of SNC particles improves gas barrier properties, tearing strength, as well as the creep resistance of the PCL membrane evidently at the lower loading levels. 29279105 1 34 theme SNC 155:157 arg1 particles 160:168 The platelet-like starch nanocrystal (SNC) particles 117:168 The platelet-like starch nanocrystal (SNC) particles 117:168 The platelet-like starch nanocrystal (SNC) particles were used to prepare composite membrane with biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) for the potential packaging membrane application. 29279105 3 35 theme improvement 483:493 arg1 effect 495:500 This improvement effect 478:500 This improvement effect 478:500 This improvement effect can be further enhanced by the surface acetylation of SNC. 29279105 1 36 theme platelet-like 121:133 arg1 particles 160:168 The platelet-like starch nanocrystal (SNC) particles 117:168 The platelet-like starch nanocrystal (SNC) particles 117:168 The platelet-like starch nanocrystal (SNC) particles were used to prepare composite membrane with biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) for the potential packaging membrane application. 29279105 4 37 theme transmission 631:642 arg1 rate 644:647 the oxygen transmission rate 620:647 the oxygen transmission rate 620:647 The presence of acetylated SNC particles (1wt%) can reduce the oxygen transmission rate by about 70% and increase the tearing strength by about 68%, which is due to the improved phase adhesion. 29279105 1 38 theme starch 135:140 arg1 particles 160:168 The platelet-like starch nanocrystal (SNC) particles 117:168 The platelet-like starch nanocrystal (SNC) particles 117:168 The platelet-like starch nanocrystal (SNC) particles were used to prepare composite membrane with biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) for the potential packaging membrane application. 29279105 4 39 theme acetylated 577:586 arg1 % 606:606 1wt% 603:606 1wt% 603:606 The presence of acetylated SNC particles (1wt%) can reduce the oxygen transmission rate by about 70% and increase the tearing strength by about 68%, which is due to the improved phase adhesion. 29279105 4 39 theme acetylated 577:586 arg1 particles 592:600 acetylated SNC particles 577:600 acetylated SNC particles (1wt%) 577:607 The presence of acetylated SNC particles (1wt%) can reduce the oxygen transmission rate by about 70% and increase the tearing strength by about 68%, which is due to the improved phase adhesion. 29279105 6 40 theme better 1075:1080 arg1 option 1082:1087 the better option 1071:1087 the better option 1071:1087 Therefore, the biodegradable SNC is a promising candidate to be used as the filler to improve the key properties of biodegradable PCL membrane, but the chemically modified SNC is the better option. 29279105 6 40 theme better 1075:1080 arg1 SNC 1064:1066 the chemically modified SNC 1040:1066 the chemically modified SNC 1040:1066 Therefore, the biodegradable SNC is a promising candidate to be used as the filler to improve the key properties of biodegradable PCL membrane, but the chemically modified SNC is the better option. 29279105 1 41 theme nanocrystal 142:152 arg1 particles 160:168 The platelet-like starch nanocrystal (SNC) particles 117:168 The platelet-like starch nanocrystal (SNC) particles 117:168 The platelet-like starch nanocrystal (SNC) particles were used to prepare composite membrane with biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) for the potential packaging membrane application. 29279105 2 42 theme SNC 322:324 arg1 particles 326:334 SNC particles 322:334 SNC particles 322:334 The presence of SNC particles improves gas barrier properties, tearing strength, as well as the creep resistance of the PCL membrane evidently at the lower loading levels. 29279105 0 43 theme composite 65:73 arg1 membrane 75:82 biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) composite membrane 30:82 biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) composite membrane 30:82 The starch nanocrystal filled biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) composite membrane with highly improved properties. 29279105 2 44 theme particles 326:334 arg1 presence 310:317 The presence 306:317 The presence of SNC particles 306:334 The presence of SNC particles improves gas barrier properties, tearing strength, as well as the creep resistance of the PCL membrane evidently at the lower loading levels. 29279105 1 45 used used 175:178 arg2 particles 160:168 The platelet-like starch nanocrystal (SNC) particles 117:168 The platelet-like starch nanocrystal (SNC) particles 117:168 The platelet-like starch nanocrystal (SNC) particles were used to prepare composite membrane with biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) for the potential packaging membrane application. 29279105 1 46 theme composite 191:199 arg1 membrane 201:208 composite membrane 191:208 composite membrane with biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) 191:254 The platelet-like starch nanocrystal (SNC) particles were used to prepare composite membrane with biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) for the potential packaging membrane application. 29279105 4 47 theme particles 592:600 arg1 presence 565:572 The presence 561:572 The presence of acetylated SNC particles (1wt%) 561:607 The presence of acetylated SNC particles (1wt%) can reduce the oxygen transmission rate by about 70% and increase the tearing strength by about 68%, which is due to the improved phase adhesion. 29279105 2 48 theme PCL 426:428 arg1 membrane 430:437 the PCL membrane 422:437 the PCL membrane 422:437 The presence of SNC particles improves gas barrier properties, tearing strength, as well as the creep resistance of the PCL membrane evidently at the lower loading levels. 29279105 4 49 theme SNC 588:590 arg1 % 606:606 1wt% 603:606 1wt% 603:606 The presence of acetylated SNC particles (1wt%) can reduce the oxygen transmission rate by about 70% and increase the tearing strength by about 68%, which is due to the improved phase adhesion. 29279105 4 49 theme SNC 588:590 arg1 particles 592:600 acetylated SNC particles 577:600 acetylated SNC particles (1wt%) 577:607 The presence of acetylated SNC particles (1wt%) can reduce the oxygen transmission rate by about 70% and increase the tearing strength by about 68%, which is due to the improved phase adhesion. 28532093 6 0 theme curves 1036:1041 arg1 evaluation 1005:1014 evaluation 1005:1014 evaluation of the polarization curves in DMEM at 37°C 1005:1057 Moreover, the corrosion resistance was analyzed by evaluation of the polarization curves in DMEM at 37°C, and it was found that coatings containing nZnO increased the corrosion resistance compared to the bare substrate. 28532093 1 1 theme permanent 188:196 arg1 implants 198:205 permanent implants 188:205 permanent implants 188:205 To address one of the serious problems associated with permanent implants, namely bacterial infections, novel organic/inorganic coatings containing zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) are proposed. 28532093 0 2 theme antibacterial 107:119 arg1 properties 121:130 antibacterial properties 107:130 antibacterial properties 107:130 Electrophoretic deposition of organic/inorganic composite coatings containing ZnO nanoparticles exhibiting antibacterial properties. 28532093 3 3 from times 462:466 arg1 60-300s 481:487 the range 60-300s 471:487 the range 60-300s 471:487 Different deposition conditions namely: deposition times in the range 60-300s and applied voltage in the range 5-30V as well as developing a layered coating approach were studied. 28532093 0 4 contain containing 67:76 arg2 ZnO 78:80 ZnO 78:80 ZnO 78:80 Electrophoretic deposition of organic/inorganic composite coatings containing ZnO nanoparticles exhibiting antibacterial properties. 28532093 0 4 contain containing 67:76 arg1 coatings 58:65 organic/inorganic composite coatings 30:65 organic/inorganic composite coatings containing ZnO 30:80 Electrophoretic deposition of organic/inorganic composite coatings containing ZnO nanoparticles exhibiting antibacterial properties. 28532093 2 5 theme stainless 389:397 arg1 316L 405:408 stainless steel 316L 389:408 stainless steel 316L 389:408 Coatings were obtained by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) on stainless steel 316L. 28532093 2 6 from deposition 369:378 arg1 316L 405:408 stainless steel 316L 389:408 stainless steel 316L 389:408 Coatings were obtained by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) on stainless steel 316L. 28532093 5 7 dep Coatings 761:768 arg1 Coatings 761:768 Coatings composition and morphology 761:795 Coatings composition and morphology 761:795 Coatings composition and morphology were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. 28532093 5 7 dep Coatings 761:768 arg1 morphology 786:795 morphology 786:795 morphology 786:795 Coatings composition and morphology were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. 28532093 5 7 dep Coatings 761:768 arg1 composition 770:780 composition 770:780 composition 770:780 Coatings composition and morphology were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. 28532093 7 8 theme developed 1209:1217 arg1 coatings 1219:1226 the newly developed coatings 1199:1226 the newly developed coatings 1199:1226 Considering all results, the newly developed coatings represent a suitable alternative for the surface modification of metallic implants. 28532093 5 9 theme thermogravimetric 814:830 arg1 analysis 832:839 thermogravimetric analysis 814:839 thermogravimetric analysis 814:839 Coatings composition and morphology were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. 28532093 5 9 theme thermogravimetric 814:830 arg1 Fourier 842:848 Fourier 842:848 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 842:951 Coatings composition and morphology were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. 28532093 2 10 theme steel 399:403 arg1 316L 405:408 stainless steel 316L 389:408 stainless steel 316L 389:408 Coatings were obtained by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) on stainless steel 316L. 28532093 7 11 theme implants 1302:1309 arg1 modification 1277:1288 the surface modification 1265:1288 the surface modification of metallic implants 1265:1309 Considering all results, the newly developed coatings represent a suitable alternative for the surface modification of metallic implants. 28532093 3 12 theme coating 560:566 arg1 approach 568:575 a layered coating approach 550:575 a layered coating approach 550:575 Different deposition conditions namely: deposition times in the range 60-300s and applied voltage in the range 5-30V as well as developing a layered coating approach were studied. 28532093 4 13 theme bacterial 743:751 arg1 growth 753:758 bacterial growth 743:758 bacterial growth 743:758 Antibacterial tests against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Salmonella enteric bacteria confirmed the activity of nZnO to prevent bacterial growth. 28532093 6 14 from evaluation 1005:1014 arg1 DMEM 1046:1049 DMEM 1046:1049 DMEM at 37°C 1046:1057 Moreover, the corrosion resistance was analyzed by evaluation of the polarization curves in DMEM at 37°C, and it was found that coatings containing nZnO increased the corrosion resistance compared to the bare substrate. 28532093 3 15 from conditions 432:441 arg1 60-300s 481:487 the range 60-300s 471:487 the range 60-300s 471:487 Different deposition conditions namely: deposition times in the range 60-300s and applied voltage in the range 5-30V as well as developing a layered coating approach were studied. 28532093 5 16 theme energy 916:921 arg1 spectroscopy 940:951 energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 916:951 energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 916:951 Coatings composition and morphology were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. 28532093 4 17 theme nZnO 727:730 arg1 activity 715:722 the activity 711:722 the activity of nZnO 711:730 Antibacterial tests against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Salmonella enteric bacteria confirmed the activity of nZnO to prevent bacterial growth. 28532093 6 18 from curves 1036:1041 arg1 37°C 1054:1057 37°C 1054:1057 37°C 1054:1057 Moreover, the corrosion resistance was analyzed by evaluation of the polarization curves in DMEM at 37°C, and it was found that coatings containing nZnO increased the corrosion resistance compared to the bare substrate. 28532093 6 18 from curves 1036:1041 arg1 DMEM 1046:1049 DMEM 1046:1049 DMEM at 37°C 1046:1057 Moreover, the corrosion resistance was analyzed by evaluation of the polarization curves in DMEM at 37°C, and it was found that coatings containing nZnO increased the corrosion resistance compared to the bare substrate. 28532093 4 19 dep aureus 648:653 arg1 bacteria 692:699 enteric bacteria 684:699 enteric bacteria 684:699 Antibacterial tests against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Salmonella enteric bacteria confirmed the activity of nZnO to prevent bacterial growth. 28532093 6 20 from DMEM 1046:1049 arg1 evaluation 1005:1014 evaluation 1005:1014 evaluation of the polarization curves in DMEM at 37°C 1005:1057 Moreover, the corrosion resistance was analyzed by evaluation of the polarization curves in DMEM at 37°C, and it was found that coatings containing nZnO increased the corrosion resistance compared to the bare substrate. 28532093 1 21 theme bacterial 215:223 arg1 infections 225:234 bacterial infections 215:234 bacterial infections 215:234 To address one of the serious problems associated with permanent implants, namely bacterial infections, novel organic/inorganic coatings containing zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) are proposed. 28532093 0 22 theme Electrophoretic 0:14 arg1 deposition 16:25 Electrophoretic deposition 0:25 Electrophoretic deposition of organic/inorganic composite coatings containing ZnO 0:80 Electrophoretic deposition of organic/inorganic composite coatings containing ZnO nanoparticles exhibiting antibacterial properties. 28532093 4 23 theme Antibacterial 591:603 arg1 tests 605:609 Antibacterial tests 591:609 Antibacterial tests against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Salmonella enteric bacteria 591:699 Antibacterial tests against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Salmonella enteric bacteria confirmed the activity of nZnO to prevent bacterial growth. 28532093 2 24 theme electrophoretic 353:367 arg1 EPD 381:383 EPD 381:383 EPD 381:383 Coatings were obtained by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) on stainless steel 316L. 28532093 2 24 theme electrophoretic 353:367 arg1 deposition 369:378 electrophoretic deposition 353:378 electrophoretic deposition (EPD) on stainless steel 316L 353:408 Coatings were obtained by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) on stainless steel 316L. 28532093 3 25 theme range 475:479 arg1 60-300s 481:487 the range 60-300s 471:487 the range 60-300s 471:487 Different deposition conditions namely: deposition times in the range 60-300s and applied voltage in the range 5-30V as well as developing a layered coating approach were studied. 28532093 0 26 theme organic/inorganic 30:46 arg1 coatings 58:65 organic/inorganic composite coatings 30:65 organic/inorganic composite coatings containing ZnO 30:80 Electrophoretic deposition of organic/inorganic composite coatings containing ZnO nanoparticles exhibiting antibacterial properties. 28532093 6 27 contain containing 1091:1100 arg2 nZnO 1102:1105 nZnO 1102:1105 nZnO 1102:1105 Moreover, the corrosion resistance was analyzed by evaluation of the polarization curves in DMEM at 37°C, and it was found that coatings containing nZnO increased the corrosion resistance compared to the bare substrate. 28532093 6 27 contain containing 1091:1100 arg1 coatings 1082:1089 coatings 1082:1089 coatings containing nZnO 1082:1105 Moreover, the corrosion resistance was analyzed by evaluation of the polarization curves in DMEM at 37°C, and it was found that coatings containing nZnO increased the corrosion resistance compared to the bare substrate. 28532093 6 28 theme bare 1158:1161 arg1 substrate 1163:1171 the bare substrate 1154:1171 the bare substrate 1154:1171 Moreover, the corrosion resistance was analyzed by evaluation of the polarization curves in DMEM at 37°C, and it was found that coatings containing nZnO increased the corrosion resistance compared to the bare substrate. 28532093 3 29 theme deposition 421:430 arg1 conditions 432:441 Different deposition conditions 411:441 Different deposition conditions namely 411:448 Different deposition conditions namely: deposition times in the range 60-300s and applied voltage in the range 5-30V as well as developing a layered coating approach were studied. 28532093 1 30 theme novel 237:241 arg1 coatings 261:268 novel organic/inorganic coatings 237:268 novel organic/inorganic coatings containing zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) 237:311 To address one of the serious problems associated with permanent implants, namely bacterial infections, novel organic/inorganic coatings containing zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) are proposed. 28532093 0 31 theme coatings 58:65 arg1 deposition 16:25 Electrophoretic deposition 0:25 Electrophoretic deposition of organic/inorganic composite coatings containing ZnO 0:80 Electrophoretic deposition of organic/inorganic composite coatings containing ZnO nanoparticles exhibiting antibacterial properties. 28532093 5 32 dep Fourier 842:848 arg1 transform 850:858 transform 850:858 transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 850:951 Coatings composition and morphology were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. 28532093 3 33 theme applied 493:499 arg1 voltage 501:507 applied voltage 493:507 applied voltage in the range 5-30V as well as developing a layered coating approach 493:575 Different deposition conditions namely: deposition times in the range 60-300s and applied voltage in the range 5-30V as well as developing a layered coating approach were studied. 28532093 1 34 theme organic/inorganic 243:259 arg1 coatings 261:268 novel organic/inorganic coatings 237:268 novel organic/inorganic coatings containing zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) 237:311 To address one of the serious problems associated with permanent implants, namely bacterial infections, novel organic/inorganic coatings containing zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) are proposed. 28532093 0 35 theme composite 48:56 arg1 coatings 58:65 organic/inorganic composite coatings 30:65 organic/inorganic composite coatings containing ZnO 30:80 Electrophoretic deposition of organic/inorganic composite coatings containing ZnO nanoparticles exhibiting antibacterial properties. 28532093 5 36 theme scanning 883:890 arg1 microscopy 901:910 scanning electron microscopy 883:910 scanning electron microscopy 883:910 Coatings composition and morphology were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. 28532093 6 37 theme corrosion 968:976 arg1 resistance 978:987 the corrosion resistance 964:987 the corrosion resistance 964:987 Moreover, the corrosion resistance was analyzed by evaluation of the polarization curves in DMEM at 37°C, and it was found that coatings containing nZnO increased the corrosion resistance compared to the bare substrate. 28532093 3 38 theme Different 411:419 arg1 conditions 432:441 Different deposition conditions 411:441 Different deposition conditions namely 411:448 Different deposition conditions namely: deposition times in the range 60-300s and applied voltage in the range 5-30V as well as developing a layered coating approach were studied. 28532093 5 39 theme dispersive 923:932 arg1 spectroscopy 940:951 energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 916:951 energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 916:951 Coatings composition and morphology were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. 28532093 5 40 theme electron 892:899 arg1 microscopy 901:910 scanning electron microscopy 883:910 scanning electron microscopy 883:910 Coatings composition and morphology were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. 28532093 7 41 mod modification 1277:1288 arg1 implants 1302:1309 metallic implants 1293:1309 metallic implants 1293:1309 Considering all results, the newly developed coatings represent a suitable alternative for the surface modification of metallic implants. 28532093 7 41 mod modification 1277:1288 arg3 surface 1269:1275 the surface modification 1265:1288 the surface modification of metallic implants 1265:1309 Considering all results, the newly developed coatings represent a suitable alternative for the surface modification of metallic implants. 28532093 3 42 from voltage 501:507 arg1 60-300s 481:487 the range 60-300s 471:487 the range 60-300s 471:487 Different deposition conditions namely: deposition times in the range 60-300s and applied voltage in the range 5-30V as well as developing a layered coating approach were studied. 28532093 3 43 theme deposition 451:460 arg1 times 462:466 deposition times 451:466 deposition times in the range 60-300s 451:487 Different deposition conditions namely: deposition times in the range 60-300s and applied voltage in the range 5-30V as well as developing a layered coating approach were studied. 28532093 3 44 theme range 516:520 arg1 5-30V 522:526 the range 5-30V 512:526 the range 5-30V 512:526 Different deposition conditions namely: deposition times in the range 60-300s and applied voltage in the range 5-30V as well as developing a layered coating approach were studied. 28532093 6 45 theme polarization 1023:1034 arg1 curves 1036:1041 the polarization curves 1019:1041 the polarization curves in DMEM at 37°C 1019:1057 Moreover, the corrosion resistance was analyzed by evaluation of the polarization curves in DMEM at 37°C, and it was found that coatings containing nZnO increased the corrosion resistance compared to the bare substrate. 28532093 1 46 contain containing 270:279 arg2 nZnO 307:310 nZnO 307:310 nZnO 307:310 To address one of the serious problems associated with permanent implants, namely bacterial infections, novel organic/inorganic coatings containing zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) are proposed. 28532093 1 46 contain containing 270:279 arg2 nanoparticles 292:304 zinc oxide nanoparticles 281:304 zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) 281:311 To address one of the serious problems associated with permanent implants, namely bacterial infections, novel organic/inorganic coatings containing zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) are proposed. 28532093 1 46 contain containing 270:279 arg1 coatings 261:268 novel organic/inorganic coatings 237:268 novel organic/inorganic coatings containing zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) 237:311 To address one of the serious problems associated with permanent implants, namely bacterial infections, novel organic/inorganic coatings containing zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) are proposed. 28532093 5 47 dep transform 850:858 arg1 infrared 860:867 infrared 860:867 transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 850:951 Coatings composition and morphology were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. 28532093 7 48 theme surface 1269:1275 arg1 modification 1277:1288 the surface modification 1265:1288 the surface modification of metallic implants 1265:1309 Considering all results, the newly developed coatings represent a suitable alternative for the surface modification of metallic implants. 28532093 6 49 theme corrosion 1121:1129 arg1 resistance 1131:1140 the corrosion resistance 1117:1140 the corrosion resistance compared to the bare substrate 1117:1171 Moreover, the corrosion resistance was analyzed by evaluation of the polarization curves in DMEM at 37°C, and it was found that coatings containing nZnO increased the corrosion resistance compared to the bare substrate. 28532093 1 50 theme serious 155:161 arg1 problems 163:170 the serious problems 151:170 the serious problems associated with permanent implants 151:205 To address one of the serious problems associated with permanent implants, namely bacterial infections, novel organic/inorganic coatings containing zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) are proposed. 28532093 6 51 from 37°C 1054:1057 arg1 DMEM 1046:1049 DMEM 1046:1049 DMEM at 37°C 1046:1057 Moreover, the corrosion resistance was analyzed by evaluation of the polarization curves in DMEM at 37°C, and it was found that coatings containing nZnO increased the corrosion resistance compared to the bare substrate. 28532093 6 51 from 37°C 1054:1057 arg1 curves 1036:1041 the polarization curves 1019:1041 the polarization curves in DMEM at 37°C 1019:1057 Moreover, the corrosion resistance was analyzed by evaluation of the polarization curves in DMEM at 37°C, and it was found that coatings containing nZnO increased the corrosion resistance compared to the bare substrate. 28532093 1 52 theme problems 163:170 arg1 problems 163:170 the serious problems 151:170 the serious problems associated with permanent implants 151:205 To address one of the serious problems associated with permanent implants, namely bacterial infections, novel organic/inorganic coatings containing zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) are proposed. 28532093 1 52 theme problems 163:170 arg1 one 144:146 one 144:146 one 144:146 To address one of the serious problems associated with permanent implants, namely bacterial infections, novel organic/inorganic coatings containing zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) are proposed. 28532093 1 53 theme zinc 281:284 arg1 oxide 286:290 zinc oxide 281:290 zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) 281:311 To address one of the serious problems associated with permanent implants, namely bacterial infections, novel organic/inorganic coatings containing zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) are proposed. 28532093 1 54 theme oxide 286:290 arg1 nZnO 307:310 nZnO 307:310 nZnO 307:310 To address one of the serious problems associated with permanent implants, namely bacterial infections, novel organic/inorganic coatings containing zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) are proposed. 28532093 1 54 theme oxide 286:290 arg1 nanoparticles 292:304 zinc oxide nanoparticles 281:304 zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) 281:311 To address one of the serious problems associated with permanent implants, namely bacterial infections, novel organic/inorganic coatings containing zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) are proposed. 28532093 7 55 theme suitable 1240:1247 arg1 alternative 1249:1259 a suitable alternative 1238:1259 a suitable alternative for the surface modification of metallic implants 1238:1309 Considering all results, the newly developed coatings represent a suitable alternative for the surface modification of metallic implants. 28532093 5 56 theme X-ray 934:938 arg1 spectroscopy 940:951 energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 916:951 energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 916:951 Coatings composition and morphology were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. 28532093 3 57 theme layered 552:558 arg1 approach 568:575 a layered coating approach 550:575 a layered coating approach 550:575 Different deposition conditions namely: deposition times in the range 60-300s and applied voltage in the range 5-30V as well as developing a layered coating approach were studied. 28532093 7 58 theme metallic 1293:1300 arg1 implants 1302:1309 metallic implants 1293:1309 metallic implants 1293:1309 Considering all results, the newly developed coatings represent a suitable alternative for the surface modification of metallic implants. 28532093 4 59 theme enteric 684:690 arg1 bacteria 692:699 enteric bacteria 684:699 enteric bacteria 684:699 Antibacterial tests against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Salmonella enteric bacteria confirmed the activity of nZnO to prevent bacterial growth. 26161585 7 0 theme CDP 1382:1384 arg1 architecture 1386:1397 a porous CDP architecture 1373:1397 a porous CDP architecture with uniform embedment of δ-MnO2 nanoparticles and different adsorption efficiencies 1373:1482 Pristine CDP was rearranged into the structurally loose composites that featured a porous CDP architecture with uniform embedment of δ-MnO2 nanoparticles and different adsorption efficiencies. 26161585 1 1 theme aqueous 166:172 arg1 micropollutants 174:188 aqueous micropollutants 166:188 aqueous micropollutants 166:188 The removal of aqueous micropollutants remains challenging because of the interference of natural water constituents that are typically 3-9 orders of magnitude more concentrated. 26161585 5 2 theme CD 1139:1140 arg1 cavity 1142:1147 the CD cavity 1135:1147 the CD cavity 1135:1147 The presence of simulated or natural water constituents (e.g., Mg(2+), Ca(2+), DOC, and a combination thereof) did not decrease the adsorption potential of CDP toward these pollutants because the pollutants, based on molecular specificity, were entrapped in the CD cavity. 26161585 7 3 theme adsorption 1460:1469 arg1 efficiencies 1471:1482 different adsorption efficiencies 1450:1482 different adsorption efficiencies 1450:1482 Pristine CDP was rearranged into the structurally loose composites that featured a porous CDP architecture with uniform embedment of δ-MnO2 nanoparticles and different adsorption efficiencies. 26161585 7 4 theme nanoparticles 1432:1444 arg1 embedment 1412:1420 uniform embedment 1404:1420 uniform embedment of δ-MnO2 nanoparticles and different adsorption efficiencies 1404:1482 Pristine CDP was rearranged into the structurally loose composites that featured a porous CDP architecture with uniform embedment of δ-MnO2 nanoparticles and different adsorption efficiencies. 26161585 5 5 theme water 914:918 arg1 constituents 920:931 simulated or natural water constituents 893:931 simulated or natural water constituents (e.g., Mg(2+), Ca(2+), DOC, and a combination thereof) 893:986 The presence of simulated or natural water constituents (e.g., Mg(2+), Ca(2+), DOC, and a combination thereof) did not decrease the adsorption potential of CDP toward these pollutants because the pollutants, based on molecular specificity, were entrapped in the CD cavity. 26161585 1 6 theme micropollutants 174:188 arg1 removal 155:161 The removal 151:161 The removal of aqueous micropollutants 151:188 The removal of aqueous micropollutants remains challenging because of the interference of natural water constituents that are typically 3-9 orders of magnitude more concentrated. 26161585 0 7 theme Polymer 113:119 arg1 Cavity 90:95 the Molecule-Specific Cavity 68:95 the Molecule-Specific Cavity of Cyclodextrin Polymer 68:119 Recyclable Capture and Destruction of Aqueous Micropollutants Using the Molecule-Specific Cavity of Cyclodextrin Polymer Coupled with KMnO4 Oxidation. 26161585 8 8 theme δ-MnO2 1485:1490 arg1 loading 1492:1498 δ-MnO2 loading 1485:1498 δ-MnO2 loading 1485:1498 δ-MnO2 loading was a linear function of the number of times the integrated procedure was repeated, underlying the accurate control of CDP recycling. 26161585 8 8 theme δ-MnO2 1485:1490 arg1 function 1513:1520 a linear function 1504:1520 a linear function 1504:1520 δ-MnO2 loading was a linear function of the number of times the integrated procedure was repeated, underlying the accurate control of CDP recycling. 26161585 4 9 theme solid-to-liquid 844:858 arg1 ratio 860:864 a solid-to-liquid ratio 842:864 a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:1250 842:874 CDP exhibited adsorption efficiencies of 0.81-88% and 0.81-94% toward 14 pollutants at 50.0 ng/L and 50.0 μg/L, respectively, at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:1250. 26161585 5 10 theme natural 906:912 arg1 constituents 920:931 simulated or natural water constituents 893:931 simulated or natural water constituents (e.g., Mg(2+), Ca(2+), DOC, and a combination thereof) 893:986 The presence of simulated or natural water constituents (e.g., Mg(2+), Ca(2+), DOC, and a combination thereof) did not decrease the adsorption potential of CDP toward these pollutants because the pollutants, based on molecular specificity, were entrapped in the CD cavity. 26161585 0 11 theme Cyclodextrin 100:111 arg1 Polymer 113:119 Cyclodextrin Polymer 100:119 Cyclodextrin Polymer 100:119 Recyclable Capture and Destruction of Aqueous Micropollutants Using the Molecule-Specific Cavity of Cyclodextrin Polymer Coupled with KMnO4 Oxidation. 26161585 5 12 dep Mg 940:941 arg1 e.g. 934:937 e.g. 934:937 e.g. 934:937 The presence of simulated or natural water constituents (e.g., Mg(2+), Ca(2+), DOC, and a combination thereof) did not decrease the adsorption potential of CDP toward these pollutants because the pollutants, based on molecular specificity, were entrapped in the CD cavity. 26161585 3 13 theme adsorption 585:594 arg1 integration 543:553 the facile integration 532:553 the facile integration of cyclodextrin polymer (CDP) adsorption and KMnO4 oxidation for recyclable capture and destruction of aqueous micropollutants (i.e., antibiotics and TBBPA) 532:710 Here, we described the facile integration of cyclodextrin polymer (CDP) adsorption and KMnO4 oxidation for recyclable capture and destruction of aqueous micropollutants (i.e., antibiotics and TBBPA). 26161585 7 14 theme δ-MnO2 1425:1430 arg1 nanoparticles 1432:1444 δ-MnO2 nanoparticles 1425:1444 δ-MnO2 nanoparticles 1425:1444 Pristine CDP was rearranged into the structurally loose composites that featured a porous CDP architecture with uniform embedment of δ-MnO2 nanoparticles and different adsorption efficiencies. 26161585 7 15 theme porous 1375:1380 arg1 architecture 1386:1397 a porous CDP architecture 1373:1397 a porous CDP architecture with uniform embedment of δ-MnO2 nanoparticles and different adsorption efficiencies 1373:1482 Pristine CDP was rearranged into the structurally loose composites that featured a porous CDP architecture with uniform embedment of δ-MnO2 nanoparticles and different adsorption efficiencies. 26161585 0 16 theme Micropollutants 46:60 arg1 Destruction 23:33 Destruction 23:33 Destruction 23:33 Recyclable Capture and Destruction of Aqueous Micropollutants Using the Molecule-Specific Cavity of Cyclodextrin Polymer Coupled with KMnO4 Oxidation. 26161585 0 16 theme Micropollutants 46:60 arg1 Capture 11:17 Recyclable Capture 0:17 Recyclable Capture 0:17 Recyclable Capture and Destruction of Aqueous Micropollutants Using the Molecule-Specific Cavity of Cyclodextrin Polymer Coupled with KMnO4 Oxidation. 26161585 5 17 theme constituents 920:931 arg1 presence 881:888 The presence 877:888 The presence of simulated or natural water constituents (e.g., Mg(2+), Ca(2+), DOC, and a combination thereof) 877:986 The presence of simulated or natural water constituents (e.g., Mg(2+), Ca(2+), DOC, and a combination thereof) did not decrease the adsorption potential of CDP toward these pollutants because the pollutants, based on molecular specificity, were entrapped in the CD cavity. 26161585 8 18 theme accurate 1599:1606 arg1 control 1608:1614 the accurate control 1595:1614 the accurate control of CDP recycling 1595:1631 δ-MnO2 loading was a linear function of the number of times the integrated procedure was repeated, underlying the accurate control of CDP recycling. 26161585 0 19 theme Recyclable 0:9 arg1 Capture 11:17 Recyclable Capture 0:17 Recyclable Capture 0:17 Recyclable Capture and Destruction of Aqueous Micropollutants Using the Molecule-Specific Cavity of Cyclodextrin Polymer Coupled with KMnO4 Oxidation. 26161585 2 20 theme treatment 489:497 arg1 technologies 499:510 pollutant treatment technologies 479:510 pollutant treatment technologies 479:510 Cyclodextrins, which feature molecular recognition and are widely applied in separation and catalysis, are promising materials in the development of pollutant treatment technologies. 26161585 8 21 theme linear 1506:1511 arg1 loading 1492:1498 δ-MnO2 loading 1485:1498 δ-MnO2 loading 1485:1498 δ-MnO2 loading was a linear function of the number of times the integrated procedure was repeated, underlying the accurate control of CDP recycling. 26161585 8 21 theme linear 1506:1511 arg1 function 1513:1520 a linear function 1504:1520 a linear function 1504:1520 δ-MnO2 loading was a linear function of the number of times the integrated procedure was repeated, underlying the accurate control of CDP recycling. 26161585 6 22 theme retained 1201:1208 arg1 pollutants 1210:1219 the retained pollutants 1197:1219 the retained pollutants 1197:1219 Subsequent KMnO4 oxidation completely degraded the retained pollutants, demonstrating that the pollutants could be broken down in the cavity. 26161585 9 23 theme aqueous 1700:1706 arg1 micropollutants 1708:1722 aqueous micropollutants 1700:1722 aqueous micropollutants 1700:1722 Thus, this approach may represent a new method for the removal of aqueous micropollutants. 26161585 3 24 theme oxidation 606:614 arg1 integration 543:553 the facile integration 532:553 the facile integration of cyclodextrin polymer (CDP) adsorption and KMnO4 oxidation for recyclable capture and destruction of aqueous micropollutants (i.e., antibiotics and TBBPA) 532:710 Here, we described the facile integration of cyclodextrin polymer (CDP) adsorption and KMnO4 oxidation for recyclable capture and destruction of aqueous micropollutants (i.e., antibiotics and TBBPA). 26161585 2 25 theme pollutant 479:487 arg1 technologies 499:510 pollutant treatment technologies 479:510 pollutant treatment technologies 479:510 Cyclodextrins, which feature molecular recognition and are widely applied in separation and catalysis, are promising materials in the development of pollutant treatment technologies. 26161585 1 26 theme magnitude 301:309 arg1 orders 291:296 3-9 orders 287:296 3-9 orders of magnitude more concentrated 287:327 The removal of aqueous micropollutants remains challenging because of the interference of natural water constituents that are typically 3-9 orders of magnitude more concentrated. 26161585 1 26 theme magnitude 301:309 arg1 constituents 255:266 natural water constituents 241:266 natural water constituents that are typically 3-9 orders of magnitude more concentrated 241:327 The removal of aqueous micropollutants remains challenging because of the interference of natural water constituents that are typically 3-9 orders of magnitude more concentrated. 26161585 4 27 theme 1:1250 869:874 arg1 ratio 860:864 a solid-to-liquid ratio 842:864 a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:1250 842:874 CDP exhibited adsorption efficiencies of 0.81-88% and 0.81-94% toward 14 pollutants at 50.0 ng/L and 50.0 μg/L, respectively, at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:1250. 26161585 4 28 theme % 774:774 arg1 efficiencies 738:749 adsorption efficiencies 727:749 adsorption efficiencies of 0.81-88% and 0.81-94% 727:774 CDP exhibited adsorption efficiencies of 0.81-88% and 0.81-94% toward 14 pollutants at 50.0 ng/L and 50.0 μg/L, respectively, at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:1250. 26161585 5 29 theme simulated 893:901 arg1 constituents 920:931 simulated or natural water constituents 893:931 simulated or natural water constituents (e.g., Mg(2+), Ca(2+), DOC, and a combination thereof) 893:986 The presence of simulated or natural water constituents (e.g., Mg(2+), Ca(2+), DOC, and a combination thereof) did not decrease the adsorption potential of CDP toward these pollutants because the pollutants, based on molecular specificity, were entrapped in the CD cavity. 26161585 1 30 theme concentrated 316:327 arg1 orders 291:296 3-9 orders 287:296 3-9 orders of magnitude more concentrated 287:327 The removal of aqueous micropollutants remains challenging because of the interference of natural water constituents that are typically 3-9 orders of magnitude more concentrated. 26161585 1 30 theme concentrated 316:327 arg1 constituents 255:266 natural water constituents 241:266 natural water constituents that are typically 3-9 orders of magnitude more concentrated 241:327 The removal of aqueous micropollutants remains challenging because of the interference of natural water constituents that are typically 3-9 orders of magnitude more concentrated. 26161585 0 31 theme KMnO4 134:138 arg1 Oxidation 140:148 KMnO4 Oxidation 134:148 KMnO4 Oxidation 134:148 Recyclable Capture and Destruction of Aqueous Micropollutants Using the Molecule-Specific Cavity of Cyclodextrin Polymer Coupled with KMnO4 Oxidation. 26161585 5 32 theme adsorption 1009:1018 arg1 potential 1020:1028 the adsorption potential 1005:1028 the adsorption potential of CDP toward these pollutants 1005:1059 The presence of simulated or natural water constituents (e.g., Mg(2+), Ca(2+), DOC, and a combination thereof) did not decrease the adsorption potential of CDP toward these pollutants because the pollutants, based on molecular specificity, were entrapped in the CD cavity. 26161585 3 33 theme KMnO4 600:604 arg1 oxidation 606:614 KMnO4 oxidation 600:614 KMnO4 oxidation 600:614 Here, we described the facile integration of cyclodextrin polymer (CDP) adsorption and KMnO4 oxidation for recyclable capture and destruction of aqueous micropollutants (i.e., antibiotics and TBBPA). 26161585 4 34 theme adsorption 727:736 arg1 efficiencies 738:749 adsorption efficiencies 727:749 adsorption efficiencies of 0.81-88% and 0.81-94% 727:774 CDP exhibited adsorption efficiencies of 0.81-88% and 0.81-94% toward 14 pollutants at 50.0 ng/L and 50.0 μg/L, respectively, at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:1250. 26161585 0 35 theme Aqueous 38:44 arg1 Micropollutants 46:60 Aqueous Micropollutants 38:60 Aqueous Micropollutants Using the Molecule-Specific Cavity of Cyclodextrin Polymer 38:119 Recyclable Capture and Destruction of Aqueous Micropollutants Using the Molecule-Specific Cavity of Cyclodextrin Polymer Coupled with KMnO4 Oxidation. 26161585 8 36 theme number 1529:1534 arg1 loading 1492:1498 δ-MnO2 loading 1485:1498 δ-MnO2 loading 1485:1498 δ-MnO2 loading was a linear function of the number of times the integrated procedure was repeated, underlying the accurate control of CDP recycling. 26161585 8 36 theme number 1529:1534 arg1 function 1513:1520 a linear function 1504:1520 a linear function 1504:1520 δ-MnO2 loading was a linear function of the number of times the integrated procedure was repeated, underlying the accurate control of CDP recycling. 26161585 9 37 theme new 1670:1672 arg1 method 1674:1679 a new method 1668:1679 a new method for the removal of aqueous micropollutants 1668:1722 Thus, this approach may represent a new method for the removal of aqueous micropollutants. 26161585 3 38 dep micropollutants 666:680 arg1 antibiotics 689:699 antibiotics 689:699 antibiotics 689:699 Here, we described the facile integration of cyclodextrin polymer (CDP) adsorption and KMnO4 oxidation for recyclable capture and destruction of aqueous micropollutants (i.e., antibiotics and TBBPA). 26161585 3 38 dep micropollutants 666:680 arg1 TBBPA 705:709 TBBPA 705:709 TBBPA 705:709 Here, we described the facile integration of cyclodextrin polymer (CDP) adsorption and KMnO4 oxidation for recyclable capture and destruction of aqueous micropollutants (i.e., antibiotics and TBBPA). 26161585 7 39 theme loose 1342:1346 arg1 composites 1348:1357 the structurally loose composites 1325:1357 the structurally loose composites that featured a porous CDP architecture with uniform embedment of δ-MnO2 nanoparticles and different adsorption efficiencies 1325:1482 Pristine CDP was rearranged into the structurally loose composites that featured a porous CDP architecture with uniform embedment of δ-MnO2 nanoparticles and different adsorption efficiencies. 26161585 8 40 dep times 1539:1543 arg1 repeated 1574:1581 repeated 1574:1581 was repeated 1570:1581 δ-MnO2 loading was a linear function of the number of times the integrated procedure was repeated, underlying the accurate control of CDP recycling. 26161585 1 41 theme natural 241:247 arg1 orders 291:296 3-9 orders 287:296 3-9 orders of magnitude more concentrated 287:327 The removal of aqueous micropollutants remains challenging because of the interference of natural water constituents that are typically 3-9 orders of magnitude more concentrated. 26161585 1 41 theme natural 241:247 arg1 constituents 255:266 natural water constituents 241:266 natural water constituents that are typically 3-9 orders of magnitude more concentrated 241:327 The removal of aqueous micropollutants remains challenging because of the interference of natural water constituents that are typically 3-9 orders of magnitude more concentrated. 26161585 7 42 with architecture 1386:1397 arg1 embedment 1412:1420 uniform embedment 1404:1420 uniform embedment of δ-MnO2 nanoparticles and different adsorption efficiencies 1404:1482 Pristine CDP was rearranged into the structurally loose composites that featured a porous CDP architecture with uniform embedment of δ-MnO2 nanoparticles and different adsorption efficiencies. 26161585 5 43 theme molecular 1094:1102 arg1 specificity 1104:1114 molecular specificity 1094:1114 molecular specificity 1094:1114 The presence of simulated or natural water constituents (e.g., Mg(2+), Ca(2+), DOC, and a combination thereof) did not decrease the adsorption potential of CDP toward these pollutants because the pollutants, based on molecular specificity, were entrapped in the CD cavity. 26161585 5 44 theme CDP 1033:1035 arg1 potential 1020:1028 the adsorption potential 1005:1028 the adsorption potential of CDP toward these pollutants 1005:1059 The presence of simulated or natural water constituents (e.g., Mg(2+), Ca(2+), DOC, and a combination thereof) did not decrease the adsorption potential of CDP toward these pollutants because the pollutants, based on molecular specificity, were entrapped in the CD cavity. 26161585 3 45 theme recyclable 620:629 arg1 capture 631:637 recyclable capture 620:637 recyclable capture 620:637 Here, we described the facile integration of cyclodextrin polymer (CDP) adsorption and KMnO4 oxidation for recyclable capture and destruction of aqueous micropollutants (i.e., antibiotics and TBBPA). 26161585 7 46 theme uniform 1404:1410 arg1 embedment 1412:1420 uniform embedment 1404:1420 uniform embedment of δ-MnO2 nanoparticles and different adsorption efficiencies 1404:1482 Pristine CDP was rearranged into the structurally loose composites that featured a porous CDP architecture with uniform embedment of δ-MnO2 nanoparticles and different adsorption efficiencies. 26161585 4 47 theme % 761:761 arg1 efficiencies 738:749 adsorption efficiencies 727:749 adsorption efficiencies of 0.81-88% and 0.81-94% 727:774 CDP exhibited adsorption efficiencies of 0.81-88% and 0.81-94% toward 14 pollutants at 50.0 ng/L and 50.0 μg/L, respectively, at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:1250. 26161585 2 48 theme technologies 499:510 arg1 development 464:474 the development 460:474 the development of pollutant treatment technologies 460:510 Cyclodextrins, which feature molecular recognition and are widely applied in separation and catalysis, are promising materials in the development of pollutant treatment technologies. 26161585 6 49 theme KMnO4 1161:1165 arg1 oxidation 1167:1175 Subsequent KMnO4 oxidation 1150:1175 Subsequent KMnO4 oxidation 1150:1175 Subsequent KMnO4 oxidation completely degraded the retained pollutants, demonstrating that the pollutants could be broken down in the cavity. 26161585 3 50 theme facile 536:541 arg1 integration 543:553 the facile integration 532:553 the facile integration of cyclodextrin polymer (CDP) adsorption and KMnO4 oxidation for recyclable capture and destruction of aqueous micropollutants (i.e., antibiotics and TBBPA) 532:710 Here, we described the facile integration of cyclodextrin polymer (CDP) adsorption and KMnO4 oxidation for recyclable capture and destruction of aqueous micropollutants (i.e., antibiotics and TBBPA). 26161585 8 51 theme recycling 1623:1631 arg1 control 1608:1614 the accurate control 1595:1614 the accurate control of CDP recycling 1595:1631 δ-MnO2 loading was a linear function of the number of times the integrated procedure was repeated, underlying the accurate control of CDP recycling. 26161585 8 52 theme integrated 1549:1558 arg1 procedure 1560:1568 the integrated procedure 1545:1568 the integrated procedure 1545:1568 δ-MnO2 loading was a linear function of the number of times the integrated procedure was repeated, underlying the accurate control of CDP recycling. 26161585 6 53 theme Subsequent 1150:1159 arg1 oxidation 1167:1175 Subsequent KMnO4 oxidation 1150:1175 Subsequent KMnO4 oxidation 1150:1175 Subsequent KMnO4 oxidation completely degraded the retained pollutants, demonstrating that the pollutants could be broken down in the cavity. 26161585 3 54 theme micropollutants 666:680 arg1 destruction 643:653 destruction 643:653 destruction 643:653 Here, we described the facile integration of cyclodextrin polymer (CDP) adsorption and KMnO4 oxidation for recyclable capture and destruction of aqueous micropollutants (i.e., antibiotics and TBBPA). 26161585 3 54 theme micropollutants 666:680 arg1 capture 631:637 recyclable capture 620:637 recyclable capture 620:637 Here, we described the facile integration of cyclodextrin polymer (CDP) adsorption and KMnO4 oxidation for recyclable capture and destruction of aqueous micropollutants (i.e., antibiotics and TBBPA). 26161585 8 55 theme CDP 1619:1621 arg1 recycling 1623:1631 CDP recycling 1619:1631 CDP recycling 1619:1631 δ-MnO2 loading was a linear function of the number of times the integrated procedure was repeated, underlying the accurate control of CDP recycling. 26161585 1 56 theme water 249:253 arg1 orders 291:296 3-9 orders 287:296 3-9 orders of magnitude more concentrated 287:327 The removal of aqueous micropollutants remains challenging because of the interference of natural water constituents that are typically 3-9 orders of magnitude more concentrated. 26161585 1 56 theme water 249:253 arg1 constituents 255:266 natural water constituents 241:266 natural water constituents that are typically 3-9 orders of magnitude more concentrated 241:327 The removal of aqueous micropollutants remains challenging because of the interference of natural water constituents that are typically 3-9 orders of magnitude more concentrated. 26161585 3 57 theme CDP 580:582 arg1 adsorption 585:594 cyclodextrin polymer (CDP) adsorption 558:594 cyclodextrin polymer (CDP) adsorption 558:594 Here, we described the facile integration of cyclodextrin polymer (CDP) adsorption and KMnO4 oxidation for recyclable capture and destruction of aqueous micropollutants (i.e., antibiotics and TBBPA). 26161585 7 58 theme efficiencies 1471:1482 arg1 embedment 1412:1420 uniform embedment 1404:1420 uniform embedment of δ-MnO2 nanoparticles and different adsorption efficiencies 1404:1482 Pristine CDP was rearranged into the structurally loose composites that featured a porous CDP architecture with uniform embedment of δ-MnO2 nanoparticles and different adsorption efficiencies. 26161585 2 59 from materials 447:455 arg1 development 464:474 the development 460:474 the development of pollutant treatment technologies 460:510 Cyclodextrins, which feature molecular recognition and are widely applied in separation and catalysis, are promising materials in the development of pollutant treatment technologies. 26161585 2 60 theme molecular 359:367 arg1 recognition 369:379 molecular recognition 359:379 molecular recognition 359:379 Cyclodextrins, which feature molecular recognition and are widely applied in separation and catalysis, are promising materials in the development of pollutant treatment technologies. 26161585 1 61 theme constituents 255:266 arg1 interference 225:236 the interference 221:236 the interference of natural water constituents that are typically 3-9 orders of magnitude more concentrated 221:327 The removal of aqueous micropollutants remains challenging because of the interference of natural water constituents that are typically 3-9 orders of magnitude more concentrated. 26161585 0 62 theme Molecule-Specific 72:88 arg1 Cavity 90:95 the Molecule-Specific Cavity 68:95 the Molecule-Specific Cavity of Cyclodextrin Polymer 68:119 Recyclable Capture and Destruction of Aqueous Micropollutants Using the Molecule-Specific Cavity of Cyclodextrin Polymer Coupled with KMnO4 Oxidation. 26161585 2 63 theme promising 437:445 arg1 materials 447:455 promising materials 437:455 promising materials 437:455 Cyclodextrins, which feature molecular recognition and are widely applied in separation and catalysis, are promising materials in the development of pollutant treatment technologies. 26161585 2 63 theme promising 437:445 arg1 Cyclodextrins 330:342 Cyclodextrins 330:342 Cyclodextrins 330:342 Cyclodextrins, which feature molecular recognition and are widely applied in separation and catalysis, are promising materials in the development of pollutant treatment technologies. 26161585 7 64 theme Pristine 1292:1299 arg1 CDP 1301:1303 Pristine CDP 1292:1303 Pristine CDP 1292:1303 Pristine CDP was rearranged into the structurally loose composites that featured a porous CDP architecture with uniform embedment of δ-MnO2 nanoparticles and different adsorption efficiencies. 26161585 3 65 theme cyclodextrin 558:569 arg1 adsorption 585:594 cyclodextrin polymer (CDP) adsorption 558:594 cyclodextrin polymer (CDP) adsorption 558:594 Here, we described the facile integration of cyclodextrin polymer (CDP) adsorption and KMnO4 oxidation for recyclable capture and destruction of aqueous micropollutants (i.e., antibiotics and TBBPA). 26161585 3 66 dep antibiotics 689:699 arg1 i.e. 683:686 i.e. 683:686 i.e. 683:686 Here, we described the facile integration of cyclodextrin polymer (CDP) adsorption and KMnO4 oxidation for recyclable capture and destruction of aqueous micropollutants (i.e., antibiotics and TBBPA). 26161585 9 67 theme micropollutants 1708:1722 arg1 removal 1689:1695 the removal 1685:1695 the removal of aqueous micropollutants 1685:1722 Thus, this approach may represent a new method for the removal of aqueous micropollutants. 26161585 7 68 theme different 1450:1458 arg1 efficiencies 1471:1482 different adsorption efficiencies 1450:1482 different adsorption efficiencies 1450:1482 Pristine CDP was rearranged into the structurally loose composites that featured a porous CDP architecture with uniform embedment of δ-MnO2 nanoparticles and different adsorption efficiencies. 26161585 3 69 theme aqueous 658:664 arg1 micropollutants 666:680 aqueous micropollutants 658:680 aqueous micropollutants (i.e., antibiotics and TBBPA) 658:710 Here, we described the facile integration of cyclodextrin polymer (CDP) adsorption and KMnO4 oxidation for recyclable capture and destruction of aqueous micropollutants (i.e., antibiotics and TBBPA). 26161585 3 70 theme polymer 571:577 arg1 adsorption 585:594 cyclodextrin polymer (CDP) adsorption 558:594 cyclodextrin polymer (CDP) adsorption 558:594 Here, we described the facile integration of cyclodextrin polymer (CDP) adsorption and KMnO4 oxidation for recyclable capture and destruction of aqueous micropollutants (i.e., antibiotics and TBBPA). 26161585 8 71 theme times 1539:1543 arg1 number 1529:1534 the number 1525:1534 the number of times the integrated procedure was repeated 1525:1581 δ-MnO2 loading was a linear function of the number of times the integrated procedure was repeated, underlying the accurate control of CDP recycling. 29177783 1 0 theme environmental 153:165 arg1 problem 167:173 a significant environmental problem 139:173 a significant environmental problem 139:173 Copper in drinking water causes a significant environmental problem. 29177783 7 1 theme surface 886:892 arg1 morphology 894:903 surface morphology 886:903 surface morphology 886:903 SEM and EDX are employed to analyze the surface morphology and elemental composition, respectively, both before and after their loading with Cu2+. 29177783 4 2 theme adsorption 573:582 arg1 enhancement 551:561 enhancement 551:561 enhancement of Cu(II) adsorption 551:582 The present study is devoted to the modification of chitosan/calcium alginate/Fe3O4 (CAF) hydrogel microsphere by NaOH solution for enhancement of Cu(II) adsorption. 29177783 12 3 theme excellent 1481:1489 arg1 strength 1502:1509 excellent mechanical strength 1481:1509 excellent mechanical strength 1481:1509 Hence, NACAF shows excellent mechanical strength and high sorption capacity for Cu2+. 29177783 7 4 dep morphology 894:903 arg1 the 882:884 the 882:884 the 882:884 SEM and EDX are employed to analyze the surface morphology and elemental composition, respectively, both before and after their loading with Cu2+. 29177783 12 5 theme sorption 1520:1527 arg1 capacity 1529:1536 high sorption capacity 1515:1536 high sorption capacity 1515:1536 Hence, NACAF shows excellent mechanical strength and high sorption capacity for Cu2+. 29177783 0 6 theme adsorption 95:104 arg1 enhancement 73:83 enhancement 73:83 enhancement of Cu(II) adsorption 73:104 Modification of chitosan/calcium alginate/Fe3O4 hydrogel microsphere for enhancement of Cu(II) adsorption. 29177783 4 7 theme microsphere 518:528 arg1 modification 455:466 the modification 451:466 the modification of chitosan/calcium alginate/Fe3O4 (CAF) hydrogel microsphere by NaOH solution for enhancement of Cu(II) adsorption 451:582 The present study is devoted to the modification of chitosan/calcium alginate/Fe3O4 (CAF) hydrogel microsphere by NaOH solution for enhancement of Cu(II) adsorption. 29177783 11 8 theme isotherm 1307:1314 arg1 model 1316:1320 Langmuir isotherm model 1298:1320 Langmuir isotherm model 1298:1320 The equilibrium data were best described by Langmuir isotherm model, and the estimated maximum equilibrium sorption capacity, q m,is 261.31 mg/g for the NACAF, which is larger than that of CAF (145.39 mg/g). 29177783 2 9 theme adsorption 272:281 arg1 field 256:260 the field 252:260 the field of Cu(II) adsorption 252:281 Composite material based on alginate hydrogel has been gaining attention in the field of Cu(II) adsorption. 29177783 10 10 theme pseudo-second-order 1227:1245 arg1 model 1247:1251 a pseudo-second-order model 1225:1251 a pseudo-second-order model 1225:1251 The adsorption kinetics of the two adsorbents follow a pseudo-second-order model. 29177783 3 11 theme low 364:366 arg1 capacity 379:386 relative low adsorption capacity 355:386 relative low adsorption capacity 355:386 However, alginate-based hydrogel exhibits poor mechanical property and relative low adsorption capacity which limit their application. 29177783 4 12 theme alginate/Fe3O4 488:501 arg1 microsphere 518:528 chitosan/calcium alginate/Fe3O4 (CAF) hydrogel microsphere 471:528 chitosan/calcium alginate/Fe3O4 (CAF) hydrogel microsphere by NaOH solution for enhancement of Cu(II) adsorption 471:582 The present study is devoted to the modification of chitosan/calcium alginate/Fe3O4 (CAF) hydrogel microsphere by NaOH solution for enhancement of Cu(II) adsorption. 29177783 5 13 theme mechanical 670:679 arg1 strength 681:688 mechanical strength 670:688 mechanical strength 670:688 Results reveal that modification of CAF via NaOH solution significantly improves the mechanical strength and Cu2+ adsorption capacity of pristine materials. 29177783 9 14 theme Compressive 1077:1087 arg1 curves 1103:1108 Compressive stress-strain curves 1077:1108 Compressive stress-strain curves 1077:1108 Compressive stress-strain curves demonstrate NACAF has better mechanical performance than CAF. 29177783 5 15 dep strength 681:688 arg1 the 666:668 the 666:668 the 666:668 Results reveal that modification of CAF via NaOH solution significantly improves the mechanical strength and Cu2+ adsorption capacity of pristine materials. 29177783 5 15 dep strength 681:688 arg1 capacity 710:717 adsorption capacity 699:717 adsorption capacity 699:717 Results reveal that modification of CAF via NaOH solution significantly improves the mechanical strength and Cu2+ adsorption capacity of pristine materials. 29177783 4 16 theme chitosan/calcium 471:486 arg1 microsphere 518:528 chitosan/calcium alginate/Fe3O4 (CAF) hydrogel microsphere 471:528 chitosan/calcium alginate/Fe3O4 (CAF) hydrogel microsphere by NaOH solution for enhancement of Cu(II) adsorption 471:582 The present study is devoted to the modification of chitosan/calcium alginate/Fe3O4 (CAF) hydrogel microsphere by NaOH solution for enhancement of Cu(II) adsorption. 29177783 5 17 theme CAF 621:623 arg1 modification 605:616 modification 605:616 modification of CAF via NaOH solution 605:641 Results reveal that modification of CAF via NaOH solution significantly improves the mechanical strength and Cu2+ adsorption capacity of pristine materials. 29177783 9 18 theme stress-strain 1089:1101 arg1 curves 1103:1108 Compressive stress-strain curves 1077:1108 Compressive stress-strain curves 1077:1108 Compressive stress-strain curves demonstrate NACAF has better mechanical performance than CAF. 29177783 4 19 theme CAF 504:506 arg1 microsphere 518:528 chitosan/calcium alginate/Fe3O4 (CAF) hydrogel microsphere 471:528 chitosan/calcium alginate/Fe3O4 (CAF) hydrogel microsphere by NaOH solution for enhancement of Cu(II) adsorption 471:582 The present study is devoted to the modification of chitosan/calcium alginate/Fe3O4 (CAF) hydrogel microsphere by NaOH solution for enhancement of Cu(II) adsorption. 29177783 6 20 theme prepared 792:799 arg1 NACAF 812:816 NACAF 812:816 NACAF 812:816 FTIR and XRD analysis confirms that CAF and newly prepared materials (NACAF) are successfully prepared. 29177783 6 20 theme prepared 792:799 arg1 materials 801:809 newly prepared materials 786:809 newly prepared materials (NACAF) 786:817 FTIR and XRD analysis confirms that CAF and newly prepared materials (NACAF) are successfully prepared. 29177783 5 21 theme NaOH 629:632 arg1 solution 634:641 NaOH solution 629:641 NaOH solution 629:641 Results reveal that modification of CAF via NaOH solution significantly improves the mechanical strength and Cu2+ adsorption capacity of pristine materials. 29177783 0 22 theme Cu 88:89 arg1 adsorption 95:104 Cu(II) adsorption 88:104 Cu(II) adsorption 88:104 Modification of chitosan/calcium alginate/Fe3O4 hydrogel microsphere for enhancement of Cu(II) adsorption. 29177783 11 23 theme Langmuir 1298:1305 arg1 model 1316:1320 Langmuir isotherm model 1298:1320 Langmuir isotherm model 1298:1320 The equilibrium data were best described by Langmuir isotherm model, and the estimated maximum equilibrium sorption capacity, q m,is 261.31 mg/g for the NACAF, which is larger than that of CAF (145.39 mg/g). 29177783 11 24 theme q 1380:1380 arg1 capacity 1370:1377 the estimated maximum equilibrium sorption capacity 1327:1377 the estimated maximum equilibrium sorption capacity 1327:1377 The equilibrium data were best described by Langmuir isotherm model, and the estimated maximum equilibrium sorption capacity, q m,is 261.31 mg/g for the NACAF, which is larger than that of CAF (145.39 mg/g). 29177783 11 24 theme q 1380:1380 arg1 m 1382:1382 q m 1380:1382 q m 1380:1382 The equilibrium data were best described by Langmuir isotherm model, and the estimated maximum equilibrium sorption capacity, q m,is 261.31 mg/g for the NACAF, which is larger than that of CAF (145.39 mg/g). 29177783 4 25 theme Cu 566:567 arg1 adsorption 573:582 Cu(II) adsorption 566:582 Cu(II) adsorption 566:582 The present study is devoted to the modification of chitosan/calcium alginate/Fe3O4 (CAF) hydrogel microsphere by NaOH solution for enhancement of Cu(II) adsorption. 29177783 11 26 theme estimated 1331:1339 arg1 capacity 1370:1377 the estimated maximum equilibrium sorption capacity 1327:1377 the estimated maximum equilibrium sorption capacity 1327:1377 The equilibrium data were best described by Langmuir isotherm model, and the estimated maximum equilibrium sorption capacity, q m,is 261.31 mg/g for the NACAF, which is larger than that of CAF (145.39 mg/g). 29177783 11 26 theme estimated 1331:1339 arg1 m 1382:1382 q m 1380:1382 q m 1380:1382 The equilibrium data were best described by Langmuir isotherm model, and the estimated maximum equilibrium sorption capacity, q m,is 261.31 mg/g for the NACAF, which is larger than that of CAF (145.39 mg/g). 29177783 11 26 theme estimated 1331:1339 arg1 261.31 mg/g 1387:1397 261.31 mg/g 1387:1397 261.31 mg/g for the NACAF, which is larger than that of CAF (145.39 mg/g) 1387:1459 The equilibrium data were best described by Langmuir isotherm model, and the estimated maximum equilibrium sorption capacity, q m,is 261.31 mg/g for the NACAF, which is larger than that of CAF (145.39 mg/g). 29177783 8 27 theme adsorption 1016:1025 arg1 mechanism 1027:1035 adsorption mechanism 1016:1035 adsorption mechanism 1016:1035 XPS study demonstrates adsorption mechanism is based on chelation and ion-exchange. 29177783 11 28 theme maximum 1341:1347 arg1 capacity 1370:1377 the estimated maximum equilibrium sorption capacity 1327:1377 the estimated maximum equilibrium sorption capacity 1327:1377 The equilibrium data were best described by Langmuir isotherm model, and the estimated maximum equilibrium sorption capacity, q m,is 261.31 mg/g for the NACAF, which is larger than that of CAF (145.39 mg/g). 29177783 11 28 theme maximum 1341:1347 arg1 m 1382:1382 q m 1380:1382 q m 1380:1382 The equilibrium data were best described by Langmuir isotherm model, and the estimated maximum equilibrium sorption capacity, q m,is 261.31 mg/g for the NACAF, which is larger than that of CAF (145.39 mg/g). 29177783 11 28 theme maximum 1341:1347 arg1 261.31 mg/g 1387:1397 261.31 mg/g 1387:1397 261.31 mg/g for the NACAF, which is larger than that of CAF (145.39 mg/g) 1387:1459 The equilibrium data were best described by Langmuir isotherm model, and the estimated maximum equilibrium sorption capacity, q m,is 261.31 mg/g for the NACAF, which is larger than that of CAF (145.39 mg/g). 29177783 3 29 theme adsorption 368:377 arg1 capacity 379:386 relative low adsorption capacity 355:386 relative low adsorption capacity 355:386 However, alginate-based hydrogel exhibits poor mechanical property and relative low adsorption capacity which limit their application. 29177783 3 30 theme relative 355:362 arg1 capacity 379:386 relative low adsorption capacity 355:386 relative low adsorption capacity 355:386 However, alginate-based hydrogel exhibits poor mechanical property and relative low adsorption capacity which limit their application. 29177783 13 31 theme great 1555:1559 arg1 potential 1561:1569 great potential 1555:1569 great potential for Cu(II) removal in aqueous solutions 1555:1609 It has great potential for Cu(II) removal in aqueous solutions. 29177783 13 32 theme Cu 1575:1576 arg1 removal 1582:1588 Cu(II) removal 1575:1588 Cu(II) removal 1575:1588 It has great potential for Cu(II) removal in aqueous solutions. 29177783 0 33 theme chitosan/calcium 16:31 arg1 Modification 0:11 Modification 0:11 Modification of chitosan/calcium 0:31 Modification of chitosan/calcium alginate/Fe3O4 hydrogel microsphere for enhancement of Cu(II) adsorption. 29177783 9 34 theme better 1132:1137 arg1 performance 1150:1160 better mechanical performance 1132:1160 better mechanical performance 1132:1160 Compressive stress-strain curves demonstrate NACAF has better mechanical performance than CAF. 29177783 8 35 theme XPS 993:995 arg1 study 997:1001 XPS study 993:1001 XPS study 993:1001 XPS study demonstrates adsorption mechanism is based on chelation and ion-exchange. 29177783 5 36 theme pristine 722:729 arg1 materials 731:739 pristine materials 722:739 pristine materials 722:739 Results reveal that modification of CAF via NaOH solution significantly improves the mechanical strength and Cu2+ adsorption capacity of pristine materials. 29177783 12 37 theme mechanical 1491:1500 arg1 strength 1502:1509 excellent mechanical strength 1481:1509 excellent mechanical strength 1481:1509 Hence, NACAF shows excellent mechanical strength and high sorption capacity for Cu2+. 29177783 9 38 theme mechanical 1139:1148 arg1 performance 1150:1160 better mechanical performance 1132:1160 better mechanical performance 1132:1160 Compressive stress-strain curves demonstrate NACAF has better mechanical performance than CAF. 29177783 0 39 theme hydrogel 48:55 arg1 microsphere 57:67 hydrogel microsphere 48:67 hydrogel microsphere 48:67 Modification of chitosan/calcium alginate/Fe3O4 hydrogel microsphere for enhancement of Cu(II) adsorption. 29177783 5 40 theme materials 731:739 arg1 Cu2+ 694:697 Cu2+ 694:697 Cu2+ 694:697 Results reveal that modification of CAF via NaOH solution significantly improves the mechanical strength and Cu2+ adsorption capacity of pristine materials. 29177783 5 40 theme materials 731:739 arg1 strength 681:688 mechanical strength 670:688 mechanical strength 670:688 Results reveal that modification of CAF via NaOH solution significantly improves the mechanical strength and Cu2+ adsorption capacity of pristine materials. 29177783 2 41 theme Composite 176:184 arg1 material 186:193 Composite material 176:193 Composite material based on alginate hydrogel 176:220 Composite material based on alginate hydrogel has been gaining attention in the field of Cu(II) adsorption. 29177783 11 42 theme sorption 1361:1368 arg1 capacity 1370:1377 the estimated maximum equilibrium sorption capacity 1327:1377 the estimated maximum equilibrium sorption capacity 1327:1377 The equilibrium data were best described by Langmuir isotherm model, and the estimated maximum equilibrium sorption capacity, q m,is 261.31 mg/g for the NACAF, which is larger than that of CAF (145.39 mg/g). 29177783 11 42 theme sorption 1361:1368 arg1 m 1382:1382 q m 1380:1382 q m 1380:1382 The equilibrium data were best described by Langmuir isotherm model, and the estimated maximum equilibrium sorption capacity, q m,is 261.31 mg/g for the NACAF, which is larger than that of CAF (145.39 mg/g). 29177783 11 42 theme sorption 1361:1368 arg1 261.31 mg/g 1387:1397 261.31 mg/g 1387:1397 261.31 mg/g for the NACAF, which is larger than that of CAF (145.39 mg/g) 1387:1459 The equilibrium data were best described by Langmuir isotherm model, and the estimated maximum equilibrium sorption capacity, q m,is 261.31 mg/g for the NACAF, which is larger than that of CAF (145.39 mg/g). 29177783 4 43 theme NaOH 533:536 arg1 solution 538:545 NaOH solution 533:545 NaOH solution for enhancement of Cu(II) adsorption 533:582 The present study is devoted to the modification of chitosan/calcium alginate/Fe3O4 (CAF) hydrogel microsphere by NaOH solution for enhancement of Cu(II) adsorption. 29177783 13 44 theme aqueous 1593:1599 arg1 solutions 1601:1609 aqueous solutions 1593:1609 aqueous solutions 1593:1609 It has great potential for Cu(II) removal in aqueous solutions. 29177783 13 45 contain has 1551:1553 arg1 It 1548:1549 It 1548:1549 It 1548:1549 It has great potential for Cu(II) removal in aqueous solutions. 29177783 13 45 contain has 1551:1553 arg2 potential 1561:1569 great potential 1555:1569 great potential for Cu(II) removal in aqueous solutions 1555:1609 It has great potential for Cu(II) removal in aqueous solutions. 29177783 9 46 dep demonstrate 1110:1120 arg1 has 1128:1130 has 1128:1130 demonstrate NACAF has better mechanical performance than CAF 1110:1169 Compressive stress-strain curves demonstrate NACAF has better mechanical performance than CAF. 29177783 11 47 theme equilibrium 1258:1268 arg1 data 1270:1273 The equilibrium data 1254:1273 The equilibrium data 1254:1273 The equilibrium data were best described by Langmuir isotherm model, and the estimated maximum equilibrium sorption capacity, q m,is 261.31 mg/g for the NACAF, which is larger than that of CAF (145.39 mg/g). 29177783 10 48 theme adsorption 1176:1185 arg1 kinetics 1187:1194 The adsorption kinetics 1172:1194 The adsorption kinetics of the two adsorbents 1172:1216 The adsorption kinetics of the two adsorbents follow a pseudo-second-order model. 29177783 3 49 theme alginate-based 293:306 arg1 hydrogel 308:315 alginate-based hydrogel 293:315 alginate-based hydrogel 293:315 However, alginate-based hydrogel exhibits poor mechanical property and relative low adsorption capacity which limit their application. 29177783 11 50 theme equilibrium 1349:1359 arg1 capacity 1370:1377 the estimated maximum equilibrium sorption capacity 1327:1377 the estimated maximum equilibrium sorption capacity 1327:1377 The equilibrium data were best described by Langmuir isotherm model, and the estimated maximum equilibrium sorption capacity, q m,is 261.31 mg/g for the NACAF, which is larger than that of CAF (145.39 mg/g). 29177783 11 50 theme equilibrium 1349:1359 arg1 m 1382:1382 q m 1380:1382 q m 1380:1382 The equilibrium data were best described by Langmuir isotherm model, and the estimated maximum equilibrium sorption capacity, q m,is 261.31 mg/g for the NACAF, which is larger than that of CAF (145.39 mg/g). 29177783 11 50 theme equilibrium 1349:1359 arg1 261.31 mg/g 1387:1397 261.31 mg/g 1387:1397 261.31 mg/g for the NACAF, which is larger than that of CAF (145.39 mg/g) 1387:1459 The equilibrium data were best described by Langmuir isotherm model, and the estimated maximum equilibrium sorption capacity, q m,is 261.31 mg/g for the NACAF, which is larger than that of CAF (145.39 mg/g). 29177783 12 51 theme high 1515:1518 arg1 capacity 1529:1536 high sorption capacity 1515:1536 high sorption capacity 1515:1536 Hence, NACAF shows excellent mechanical strength and high sorption capacity for Cu2+. 29177783 7 52 theme elemental 909:917 arg1 composition 919:929 elemental composition 909:929 elemental composition 909:929 SEM and EDX are employed to analyze the surface morphology and elemental composition, respectively, both before and after their loading with Cu2+. 29177783 4 53 theme present 423:429 arg1 devoted 440:446 devoted 440:446 devoted 440:446 The present study is devoted to the modification of chitosan/calcium alginate/Fe3O4 (CAF) hydrogel microsphere by NaOH solution for enhancement of Cu(II) adsorption. 29177783 4 53 theme present 423:429 arg1 study 431:435 The present study 419:435 The present study 419:435 The present study is devoted to the modification of chitosan/calcium alginate/Fe3O4 (CAF) hydrogel microsphere by NaOH solution for enhancement of Cu(II) adsorption. 29177783 2 54 theme Cu 265:266 arg1 adsorption 272:281 Cu(II) adsorption 265:281 Cu(II) adsorption 265:281 Composite material based on alginate hydrogel has been gaining attention in the field of Cu(II) adsorption. 29177783 7 55 with loading 974:980 arg1 Cu2+ 987:990 Cu2+ 987:990 Cu2+ 987:990 SEM and EDX are employed to analyze the surface morphology and elemental composition, respectively, both before and after their loading with Cu2+. 29177783 5 56 theme adsorption 699:708 arg1 capacity 710:717 adsorption capacity 699:717 adsorption capacity 699:717 Results reveal that modification of CAF via NaOH solution significantly improves the mechanical strength and Cu2+ adsorption capacity of pristine materials. 29177783 2 57 theme alginate 204:211 arg1 hydrogel 213:220 alginate hydrogel 204:220 alginate hydrogel 204:220 Composite material based on alginate hydrogel has been gaining attention in the field of Cu(II) adsorption. 29177783 6 58 theme XRD 751:753 arg1 analysis 755:762 FTIR and XRD analysis 742:762 analysis 755:762 FTIR and XRD analysis confirms that CAF and newly prepared materials (NACAF) are successfully prepared. 29177783 13 59 from potential 1561:1569 arg1 solutions 1601:1609 aqueous solutions 1593:1609 aqueous solutions 1593:1609 It has great potential for Cu(II) removal in aqueous solutions. 29177783 10 60 theme adsorbents 1207:1216 arg1 kinetics 1187:1194 The adsorption kinetics 1172:1194 The adsorption kinetics of the two adsorbents 1172:1216 The adsorption kinetics of the two adsorbents follow a pseudo-second-order model. 29177783 3 61 theme poor 326:329 arg1 property 342:349 poor mechanical property 326:349 poor mechanical property 326:349 However, alginate-based hydrogel exhibits poor mechanical property and relative low adsorption capacity which limit their application. 29177783 3 62 theme mechanical 331:340 arg1 property 342:349 poor mechanical property 326:349 poor mechanical property 326:349 However, alginate-based hydrogel exhibits poor mechanical property and relative low adsorption capacity which limit their application. 29177783 4 63 theme hydrogel 509:516 arg1 microsphere 518:528 chitosan/calcium alginate/Fe3O4 (CAF) hydrogel microsphere 471:528 chitosan/calcium alginate/Fe3O4 (CAF) hydrogel microsphere by NaOH solution for enhancement of Cu(II) adsorption 471:582 The present study is devoted to the modification of chitosan/calcium alginate/Fe3O4 (CAF) hydrogel microsphere by NaOH solution for enhancement of Cu(II) adsorption. 29177783 6 64 theme FTIR 742:745 arg1 analysis 755:762 FTIR and XRD analysis 742:762 analysis 755:762 FTIR and XRD analysis confirms that CAF and newly prepared materials (NACAF) are successfully prepared. 29177783 1 65 theme significant 141:151 arg1 problem 167:173 a significant environmental problem 139:173 a significant environmental problem 139:173 Copper in drinking water causes a significant environmental problem. 27036211 6 0 theme different 1387:1395 arg1 cyclodexrin 1397:1407 different cyclodexrin 1387:1407 different cyclodexrin as selective reagent 1387:1428 For example, germacrone and curcumenone could be selectively separated from volatile oil of Curcumae Rhizoma with methyl-β-cyclodexrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodexrin as selector respectively, and other five components were selectively separated from volatile oil of Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Myristicae Semen, Aucklandiae Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix by countercurrent chromatography with different cyclodexrin as selective reagent. 27036211 5 1 theme oil 934:936 arg1 kind 917:920 each kind 912:920 each kind of volatile oil using different type of cyclodextrin as selective reagent 912:994 Results showed that some chemical components could be well separated with high purity from each kind of volatile oil using different type of cyclodextrin as selective reagent. 27036211 7 2 from separation 1456:1465 arg1 oil 1495:1497 volatile oil 1486:1497 volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with cyclodextrin 1486:1548 Separation mechanism for separation of components from volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with cyclodextrin as selective reagent was proposed. 27036211 0 3 from isolation 10:18 arg1 oil 56:58 natural volatile oil 39:58 natural volatile oil 39:58 Selective isolation of components from natural volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with cyclodextrins as selective reagent. 27036211 8 4 theme method 1627:1632 arg1 resolution 1590:1599 Peak resolution 1585:1599 Peak resolution of the present separation method 1585:1632 Peak resolution of the present separation method could be greatly influenced by the chemical compositions of volatile oil. 27036211 6 5 dep Radix 1314:1318 arg1 Aucklandiae 1302:1312 Aucklandiae 1302:1312 Aucklandiae 1302:1312 For example, germacrone and curcumenone could be selectively separated from volatile oil of Curcumae Rhizoma with methyl-β-cyclodexrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodexrin as selector respectively, and other five components were selectively separated from volatile oil of Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Myristicae Semen, Aucklandiae Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix by countercurrent chromatography with different cyclodexrin as selective reagent. 27036211 1 6 theme selective 281:289 arg1 reagent 291:297 selective reagent 281:297 selective reagent 281:297 Selective separation of chemical components from seven kinds of volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with three types of cyclodextrins as selective reagent was investigated in this work. 27036211 3 7 dep system 498:503 arg1 cyclodextrin 529:540 n-hexane-0.10 mol L(-1) cyclodextrin 505:540 A biphasic solvent system n-hexane-0.10 mol L(-1) cyclodextrin (1:1, v/v) 479:551 A biphasic solvent system n-hexane-0.10 mol L(-1) cyclodextrin (1:1, v/v) was selected for separation of components from volatile oil and three types of cyclodextrins were investigated, including β-cyclodexrin, methyl-β-cyclodexrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodexrin. 27036211 0 8 with chromatography 78:91 arg1 cyclodextrins 98:110 cyclodextrins 98:110 cyclodextrins as selective reagent 98:131 Selective isolation of components from natural volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with cyclodextrins as selective reagent. 27036211 4 9 theme Chinese 807:813 arg1 herb 815:818 traditional Chinese herb 795:818 traditional Chinese herb 795:818 All kinds of volatile oils are from seven kinds of traditional Chinese herb. 27036211 7 10 with oil 1495:1497 arg1 cyclodextrin 1537:1548 cyclodextrin 1537:1548 cyclodextrin 1537:1548 Separation mechanism for separation of components from volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with cyclodextrin as selective reagent was proposed. 27036211 0 11 from oil 56:58 arg1 components 23:32 components 23:32 components from natural volatile oil 23:58 Selective isolation of components from natural volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with cyclodextrins as selective reagent. 27036211 0 11 from oil 56:58 arg1 isolation 10:18 Selective isolation 0:18 Selective isolation of components from natural volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with cyclodextrins as selective reagent. 0:132 Selective isolation of components from natural volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with cyclodextrins as selective reagent. 27036211 6 12 theme countercurrent 1352:1365 arg1 chromatography 1367:1380 countercurrent chromatography 1352:1380 countercurrent chromatography with different cyclodexrin as selective reagent 1352:1428 For example, germacrone and curcumenone could be selectively separated from volatile oil of Curcumae Rhizoma with methyl-β-cyclodexrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodexrin as selector respectively, and other five components were selectively separated from volatile oil of Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Myristicae Semen, Aucklandiae Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix by countercurrent chromatography with different cyclodexrin as selective reagent. 27036211 4 13 theme traditional 795:805 arg1 herb 815:818 traditional Chinese herb 795:818 traditional Chinese herb 795:818 All kinds of volatile oils are from seven kinds of traditional Chinese herb. 27036211 5 14 theme volatile 925:932 arg1 oil 934:936 volatile oil 925:936 volatile oil using different type of cyclodextrin as selective reagent 925:994 Results showed that some chemical components could be well separated with high purity from each kind of volatile oil using different type of cyclodextrin as selective reagent. 27036211 4 15 theme oils 766:769 arg1 kinds 748:752 All kinds 744:752 All kinds of volatile oils 744:769 All kinds of volatile oils are from seven kinds of traditional Chinese herb. 27036211 4 16 theme volatile 757:764 arg1 oils 766:769 volatile oils 757:769 volatile oils 757:769 All kinds of volatile oils are from seven kinds of traditional Chinese herb. 27036211 3 17 theme mol 519:521 arg1 L 523:523 n-hexane-0.10 mol L(-1) 505:527 A biphasic solvent system n-hexane-0.10 mol L(-1) cyclodextrin (1:1, v/v) 479:551 A biphasic solvent system n-hexane-0.10 mol L(-1) cyclodextrin (1:1, v/v) was selected for separation of components from volatile oil and three types of cyclodextrins were investigated, including β-cyclodexrin, methyl-β-cyclodexrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodexrin. 27036211 7 18 theme selective 1553:1561 arg1 reagent 1563:1569 selective reagent 1553:1569 selective reagent 1553:1569 Separation mechanism for separation of components from volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with cyclodextrin as selective reagent was proposed. 27036211 0 19 theme selective 115:123 arg1 reagent 125:131 selective reagent 115:131 selective reagent 115:131 Selective isolation of components from natural volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with cyclodextrins as selective reagent. 27036211 6 20 theme other 1194:1198 arg1 components 1205:1214 other five components 1194:1214 other five components 1194:1214 For example, germacrone and curcumenone could be selectively separated from volatile oil of Curcumae Rhizoma with methyl-β-cyclodexrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodexrin as selector respectively, and other five components were selectively separated from volatile oil of Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Myristicae Semen, Aucklandiae Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix by countercurrent chromatography with different cyclodexrin as selective reagent. 27036211 1 21 from separation 144:153 arg1 kinds 189:193 seven kinds 183:193 seven kinds of volatile oil 183:209 Selective separation of chemical components from seven kinds of volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with three types of cyclodextrins as selective reagent was investigated in this work. 27036211 4 22 theme herb 815:818 arg1 kinds 786:790 seven kinds 780:790 seven kinds of traditional Chinese herb 780:818 All kinds of volatile oils are from seven kinds of traditional Chinese herb. 27036211 3 23 theme biphasic 481:488 arg1 system 498:503 A biphasic solvent system n-hexane-0.10 mol L(-1) cyclodextrin (1:1, v/v) 479:551 A biphasic solvent system n-hexane-0.10 mol L(-1) cyclodextrin (1:1, v/v) 479:551 A biphasic solvent system n-hexane-0.10 mol L(-1) cyclodextrin (1:1, v/v) was selected for separation of components from volatile oil and three types of cyclodextrins were investigated, including β-cyclodexrin, methyl-β-cyclodexrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodexrin. 27036211 5 24 theme chemical 846:853 arg1 components 855:864 some chemical components 841:864 some chemical components 841:864 Results showed that some chemical components could be well separated with high purity from each kind of volatile oil using different type of cyclodextrin as selective reagent. 27036211 8 25 theme chemical 1669:1676 arg1 compositions 1678:1689 the chemical compositions 1665:1689 the chemical compositions of volatile oil 1665:1705 Peak resolution of the present separation method could be greatly influenced by the chemical compositions of volatile oil. 27036211 2 26 from oil 390:392 arg1 separation 342:351 Preparative separation 330:351 Preparative separation of chemical components from volatile oil 330:392 Preparative separation of chemical components from volatile oil is generally quite challenging due to their extremely complexity of the composition. 27036211 3 27 dep cyclodextrin 529:540 arg1 v/v 548:550 v/v 548:550 v/v 548:550 A biphasic solvent system n-hexane-0.10 mol L(-1) cyclodextrin (1:1, v/v) was selected for separation of components from volatile oil and three types of cyclodextrins were investigated, including β-cyclodexrin, methyl-β-cyclodexrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodexrin. 27036211 3 27 dep cyclodextrin 529:540 arg1 1:1 543:545 1:1 543:545 1:1 543:545 A biphasic solvent system n-hexane-0.10 mol L(-1) cyclodextrin (1:1, v/v) was selected for separation of components from volatile oil and three types of cyclodextrins were investigated, including β-cyclodexrin, methyl-β-cyclodexrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodexrin. 27036211 1 28 theme volatile 198:205 arg1 oil 207:209 volatile oil 198:209 volatile oil 198:209 Selective separation of chemical components from seven kinds of volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with three types of cyclodextrins as selective reagent was investigated in this work. 27036211 0 29 theme Selective 0:8 arg1 isolation 10:18 Selective isolation 0:18 Selective isolation of components from natural volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with cyclodextrins as selective reagent. 0:132 Selective isolation of components from natural volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with cyclodextrins as selective reagent. 27036211 8 30 theme volatile 1694:1701 arg1 oil 1703:1705 volatile oil 1694:1705 volatile oil 1694:1705 Peak resolution of the present separation method could be greatly influenced by the chemical compositions of volatile oil. 27036211 6 31 theme Angelicae 1324:1332 arg1 oil 1257:1259 volatile oil 1248:1259 volatile oil of Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Myristicae Semen, Aucklandiae Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix 1248:1347 For example, germacrone and curcumenone could be selectively separated from volatile oil of Curcumae Rhizoma with methyl-β-cyclodexrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodexrin as selector respectively, and other five components were selectively separated from volatile oil of Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Myristicae Semen, Aucklandiae Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix by countercurrent chromatography with different cyclodexrin as selective reagent. 27036211 3 32 theme components 584:593 arg1 separation 570:579 separation 570:579 separation of components from volatile oil 570:611 A biphasic solvent system n-hexane-0.10 mol L(-1) cyclodextrin (1:1, v/v) was selected for separation of components from volatile oil and three types of cyclodextrins were investigated, including β-cyclodexrin, methyl-β-cyclodexrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodexrin. 27036211 1 33 theme oil 207:209 arg1 kinds 189:193 seven kinds 183:193 seven kinds of volatile oil 183:209 Selective separation of chemical components from seven kinds of volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with three types of cyclodextrins as selective reagent was investigated in this work. 27036211 0 34 theme components 23:32 arg1 isolation 10:18 Selective isolation 0:18 Selective isolation of components from natural volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with cyclodextrins as selective reagent. 0:132 Selective isolation of components from natural volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with cyclodextrins as selective reagent. 27036211 1 35 with chromatography 229:242 arg1 types 255:259 three types 249:259 three types of cyclodextrins as selective reagent 249:297 Selective separation of chemical components from seven kinds of volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with three types of cyclodextrins as selective reagent was investigated in this work. 27036211 5 36 theme cyclodextrin 962:973 arg1 type 954:957 different type 944:957 different type of cyclodextrin 944:973 Results showed that some chemical components could be well separated with high purity from each kind of volatile oil using different type of cyclodextrin as selective reagent. 27036211 2 37 theme Preparative 330:340 arg1 separation 342:351 Preparative separation 330:351 Preparative separation of chemical components from volatile oil 330:392 Preparative separation of chemical components from volatile oil is generally quite challenging due to their extremely complexity of the composition. 27036211 7 38 from oil 1495:1497 arg1 components 1470:1479 components 1470:1479 components from volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with cyclodextrin 1470:1548 Separation mechanism for separation of components from volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with cyclodextrin as selective reagent was proposed. 27036211 7 38 from oil 1495:1497 arg1 separation 1456:1465 separation 1456:1465 separation of components from volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with cyclodextrin as selective reagent 1456:1569 Separation mechanism for separation of components from volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with cyclodextrin as selective reagent was proposed. 27036211 6 39 theme Rhizoma 1098:1104 arg1 oil 1082:1084 volatile oil 1073:1084 volatile oil of Curcumae Rhizoma with methyl-β-cyclodexrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodexrin 1073:1162 For example, germacrone and curcumenone could be selectively separated from volatile oil of Curcumae Rhizoma with methyl-β-cyclodexrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodexrin as selector respectively, and other five components were selectively separated from volatile oil of Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Myristicae Semen, Aucklandiae Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix by countercurrent chromatography with different cyclodexrin as selective reagent. 27036211 2 40 theme composition 466:476 arg1 complexity 448:457 their extremely complexity 432:457 their extremely complexity of the composition 432:476 Preparative separation of chemical components from volatile oil is generally quite challenging due to their extremely complexity of the composition. 27036211 5 41 theme selective 978:986 arg1 reagent 988:994 selective reagent 978:994 selective reagent 978:994 Results showed that some chemical components could be well separated with high purity from each kind of volatile oil using different type of cyclodextrin as selective reagent. 27036211 8 42 theme Peak 1585:1588 arg1 resolution 1590:1599 Peak resolution 1585:1599 Peak resolution of the present separation method 1585:1632 Peak resolution of the present separation method could be greatly influenced by the chemical compositions of volatile oil. 27036211 3 43 from oil 609:611 arg1 separation 570:579 separation 570:579 separation of components from volatile oil 570:611 A biphasic solvent system n-hexane-0.10 mol L(-1) cyclodextrin (1:1, v/v) was selected for separation of components from volatile oil and three types of cyclodextrins were investigated, including β-cyclodexrin, methyl-β-cyclodexrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodexrin. 27036211 3 43 from oil 609:611 arg1 components 584:593 components 584:593 components from volatile oil 584:611 A biphasic solvent system n-hexane-0.10 mol L(-1) cyclodextrin (1:1, v/v) was selected for separation of components from volatile oil and three types of cyclodextrins were investigated, including β-cyclodexrin, methyl-β-cyclodexrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodexrin. 27036211 1 44 theme countercurrent 214:227 arg1 chromatography 229:242 countercurrent chromatography 214:242 countercurrent chromatography with three types of cyclodextrins as selective reagent 214:297 Selective separation of chemical components from seven kinds of volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with three types of cyclodextrins as selective reagent was investigated in this work. 27036211 0 45 theme natural 39:45 arg1 oil 56:58 natural volatile oil 39:58 natural volatile oil 39:58 Selective isolation of components from natural volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with cyclodextrins as selective reagent. 27036211 8 46 theme oil 1703:1705 arg1 compositions 1678:1689 the chemical compositions 1665:1689 the chemical compositions of volatile oil 1665:1705 Peak resolution of the present separation method could be greatly influenced by the chemical compositions of volatile oil. 27036211 8 47 theme separation 1616:1625 arg1 method 1627:1632 the present separation method 1604:1632 the present separation method 1604:1632 Peak resolution of the present separation method could be greatly influenced by the chemical compositions of volatile oil. 27036211 7 48 theme Separation 1431:1440 arg1 mechanism 1442:1450 Separation mechanism 1431:1450 Separation mechanism for separation of components from volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with cyclodextrin as selective reagent 1431:1569 Separation mechanism for separation of components from volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with cyclodextrin as selective reagent was proposed. 27036211 3 49 theme solvent 490:496 arg1 system 498:503 A biphasic solvent system n-hexane-0.10 mol L(-1) cyclodextrin (1:1, v/v) 479:551 A biphasic solvent system n-hexane-0.10 mol L(-1) cyclodextrin (1:1, v/v) 479:551 A biphasic solvent system n-hexane-0.10 mol L(-1) cyclodextrin (1:1, v/v) was selected for separation of components from volatile oil and three types of cyclodextrins were investigated, including β-cyclodexrin, methyl-β-cyclodexrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodexrin. 27036211 6 50 theme Radix 1314:1318 arg1 oil 1257:1259 volatile oil 1248:1259 volatile oil of Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Myristicae Semen, Aucklandiae Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix 1248:1347 For example, germacrone and curcumenone could be selectively separated from volatile oil of Curcumae Rhizoma with methyl-β-cyclodexrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodexrin as selector respectively, and other five components were selectively separated from volatile oil of Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Myristicae Semen, Aucklandiae Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix by countercurrent chromatography with different cyclodexrin as selective reagent. 27036211 2 51 theme extremely 438:446 arg1 complexity 448:457 their extremely complexity 432:457 their extremely complexity of the composition 432:476 Preparative separation of chemical components from volatile oil is generally quite challenging due to their extremely complexity of the composition. 27036211 7 52 theme volatile 1486:1493 arg1 oil 1495:1497 volatile oil 1486:1497 volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with cyclodextrin 1486:1548 Separation mechanism for separation of components from volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with cyclodextrin as selective reagent was proposed. 27036211 2 53 theme volatile 381:388 arg1 oil 390:392 volatile oil 381:392 volatile oil 381:392 Preparative separation of chemical components from volatile oil is generally quite challenging due to their extremely complexity of the composition. 27036211 0 54 theme volatile 47:54 arg1 oil 56:58 natural volatile oil 39:58 natural volatile oil 39:58 Selective isolation of components from natural volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with cyclodextrins as selective reagent. 27036211 6 55 theme selective 1412:1420 arg1 reagent 1422:1428 selective reagent 1412:1428 selective reagent 1412:1428 For example, germacrone and curcumenone could be selectively separated from volatile oil of Curcumae Rhizoma with methyl-β-cyclodexrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodexrin as selector respectively, and other five components were selectively separated from volatile oil of Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Myristicae Semen, Aucklandiae Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix by countercurrent chromatography with different cyclodexrin as selective reagent. 27036211 8 56 theme present 1608:1614 arg1 method 1627:1632 the present separation method 1604:1632 the present separation method 1604:1632 Peak resolution of the present separation method could be greatly influenced by the chemical compositions of volatile oil. 27036211 3 57 theme volatile 600:607 arg1 oil 609:611 volatile oil 600:611 volatile oil 600:611 A biphasic solvent system n-hexane-0.10 mol L(-1) cyclodextrin (1:1, v/v) was selected for separation of components from volatile oil and three types of cyclodextrins were investigated, including β-cyclodexrin, methyl-β-cyclodexrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodexrin. 27036211 1 58 theme Selective 134:142 arg1 separation 144:153 Selective separation 134:153 Selective separation of chemical components from seven kinds of volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with three types of cyclodextrins as selective reagent 134:297 Selective separation of chemical components from seven kinds of volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with three types of cyclodextrins as selective reagent was investigated in this work. 27036211 6 59 with chromatography 1367:1380 arg1 cyclodexrin 1397:1407 different cyclodexrin 1387:1407 different cyclodexrin as selective reagent 1387:1428 For example, germacrone and curcumenone could be selectively separated from volatile oil of Curcumae Rhizoma with methyl-β-cyclodexrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodexrin as selector respectively, and other five components were selectively separated from volatile oil of Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Myristicae Semen, Aucklandiae Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix by countercurrent chromatography with different cyclodexrin as selective reagent. 27036211 6 60 with oil 1082:1084 arg1 methyl-β-cyclodexrin 1111:1130 methyl-β-cyclodexrin 1111:1130 methyl-β-cyclodexrin 1111:1130 For example, germacrone and curcumenone could be selectively separated from volatile oil of Curcumae Rhizoma with methyl-β-cyclodexrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodexrin as selector respectively, and other five components were selectively separated from volatile oil of Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Myristicae Semen, Aucklandiae Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix by countercurrent chromatography with different cyclodexrin as selective reagent. 27036211 6 60 with oil 1082:1084 arg1 hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodexrin 1136:1162 hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodexrin 1136:1162 hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodexrin 1136:1162 For example, germacrone and curcumenone could be selectively separated from volatile oil of Curcumae Rhizoma with methyl-β-cyclodexrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodexrin as selector respectively, and other five components were selectively separated from volatile oil of Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Myristicae Semen, Aucklandiae Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix by countercurrent chromatography with different cyclodexrin as selective reagent. 27036211 7 61 theme components 1470:1479 arg1 separation 1456:1465 separation 1456:1465 separation of components from volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with cyclodextrin as selective reagent 1456:1569 Separation mechanism for separation of components from volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with cyclodextrin as selective reagent was proposed. 27036211 7 62 theme countercurrent 1502:1515 arg1 chromatography 1517:1530 countercurrent chromatography 1502:1530 countercurrent chromatography 1502:1530 Separation mechanism for separation of components from volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with cyclodextrin as selective reagent was proposed. 27036211 2 63 theme components 365:374 arg1 separation 342:351 Preparative separation 330:351 Preparative separation of chemical components from volatile oil 330:392 Preparative separation of chemical components from volatile oil is generally quite challenging due to their extremely complexity of the composition. 27036211 3 64 from separation 570:579 arg1 oil 609:611 volatile oil 600:611 volatile oil 600:611 A biphasic solvent system n-hexane-0.10 mol L(-1) cyclodextrin (1:1, v/v) was selected for separation of components from volatile oil and three types of cyclodextrins were investigated, including β-cyclodexrin, methyl-β-cyclodexrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodexrin. 27036211 6 65 theme volatile 1073:1080 arg1 oil 1082:1084 volatile oil 1073:1084 volatile oil of Curcumae Rhizoma with methyl-β-cyclodexrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodexrin 1073:1162 For example, germacrone and curcumenone could be selectively separated from volatile oil of Curcumae Rhizoma with methyl-β-cyclodexrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodexrin as selector respectively, and other five components were selectively separated from volatile oil of Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Myristicae Semen, Aucklandiae Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix by countercurrent chromatography with different cyclodexrin as selective reagent. 27036211 6 66 theme volatile 1248:1255 arg1 oil 1257:1259 volatile oil 1248:1259 volatile oil of Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Myristicae Semen, Aucklandiae Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix 1248:1347 For example, germacrone and curcumenone could be selectively separated from volatile oil of Curcumae Rhizoma with methyl-β-cyclodexrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodexrin as selector respectively, and other five components were selectively separated from volatile oil of Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Myristicae Semen, Aucklandiae Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix by countercurrent chromatography with different cyclodexrin as selective reagent. 27036211 5 67 theme different 944:952 arg1 type 954:957 different type 944:957 different type of cyclodextrin 944:973 Results showed that some chemical components could be well separated with high purity from each kind of volatile oil using different type of cyclodextrin as selective reagent. 27036211 3 68 theme cyclodextrins 632:644 arg1 types 623:627 three types 617:627 three types of cyclodextrins 617:644 A biphasic solvent system n-hexane-0.10 mol L(-1) cyclodextrin (1:1, v/v) was selected for separation of components from volatile oil and three types of cyclodextrins were investigated, including β-cyclodexrin, methyl-β-cyclodexrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodexrin. 27036211 2 69 theme chemical 356:363 arg1 components 365:374 chemical components 356:374 chemical components 356:374 Preparative separation of chemical components from volatile oil is generally quite challenging due to their extremely complexity of the composition. 27036211 3 70 theme L 523:523 arg1 cyclodextrin 529:540 n-hexane-0.10 mol L(-1) cyclodextrin 505:540 A biphasic solvent system n-hexane-0.10 mol L(-1) cyclodextrin (1:1, v/v) 479:551 A biphasic solvent system n-hexane-0.10 mol L(-1) cyclodextrin (1:1, v/v) was selected for separation of components from volatile oil and three types of cyclodextrins were investigated, including β-cyclodexrin, methyl-β-cyclodexrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodexrin. 27036211 0 71 theme countercurrent 63:76 arg1 chromatography 78:91 countercurrent chromatography 63:91 countercurrent chromatography with cyclodextrins as selective reagent 63:131 Selective isolation of components from natural volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with cyclodextrins as selective reagent. 27036211 5 72 theme high 895:898 arg1 purity 900:905 high purity 895:905 high purity 895:905 Results showed that some chemical components could be well separated with high purity from each kind of volatile oil using different type of cyclodextrin as selective reagent. 27036211 1 73 theme chemical 158:165 arg1 components 167:176 chemical components 158:176 chemical components from seven kinds of volatile oil 158:209 Selective separation of chemical components from seven kinds of volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with three types of cyclodextrins as selective reagent was investigated in this work. 27036211 6 74 dep Angelicae 1324:1332 arg1 Radix 1343:1347 Angelicae Sinensis Radix 1324:1347 Angelicae Sinensis Radix 1324:1347 For example, germacrone and curcumenone could be selectively separated from volatile oil of Curcumae Rhizoma with methyl-β-cyclodexrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodexrin as selector respectively, and other five components were selectively separated from volatile oil of Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Myristicae Semen, Aucklandiae Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix by countercurrent chromatography with different cyclodexrin as selective reagent. 27036211 6 75 theme Rhizoma 1275:1281 arg1 oil 1257:1259 volatile oil 1248:1259 volatile oil of Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Myristicae Semen, Aucklandiae Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix 1248:1347 For example, germacrone and curcumenone could be selectively separated from volatile oil of Curcumae Rhizoma with methyl-β-cyclodexrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodexrin as selector respectively, and other five components were selectively separated from volatile oil of Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Myristicae Semen, Aucklandiae Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix by countercurrent chromatography with different cyclodexrin as selective reagent. 27036211 1 76 from kinds 189:193 arg1 separation 144:153 Selective separation 134:153 Selective separation of chemical components from seven kinds of volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with three types of cyclodextrins as selective reagent 134:297 Selective separation of chemical components from seven kinds of volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with three types of cyclodextrins as selective reagent was investigated in this work. 27036211 1 76 from kinds 189:193 arg1 components 167:176 chemical components 158:176 chemical components from seven kinds of volatile oil 158:209 Selective separation of chemical components from seven kinds of volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with three types of cyclodextrins as selective reagent was investigated in this work. 27036211 1 77 theme components 167:176 arg1 separation 144:153 Selective separation 134:153 Selective separation of chemical components from seven kinds of volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with three types of cyclodextrins as selective reagent 134:297 Selective separation of chemical components from seven kinds of volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with three types of cyclodextrins as selective reagent was investigated in this work. 27036211 1 78 theme cyclodextrins 264:276 arg1 types 255:259 three types 249:259 three types of cyclodextrins as selective reagent 249:297 Selective separation of chemical components from seven kinds of volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with three types of cyclodextrins as selective reagent was investigated in this work. 24530337 8 0 theme natural 1280:1286 arg1 antioxidants 1288:1299 the natural antioxidants 1276:1299 the natural antioxidants 1276:1299 Our findings provide the first evidence that CYP may prove to be a potential candidate of the natural antioxidants as a therapeutic agent for female infertility. 24530337 0 1 from effect 66:71 arg1 cells 99:103 endometrial epithelial cells 76:103 endometrial epithelial cells 76:103 Antioxidant Chinese yam polysaccharides and its pro-proliferative effect on endometrial epithelial cells. 24530337 0 2 theme epithelial 88:97 arg1 cells 99:103 endometrial epithelial cells 76:103 endometrial epithelial cells 76:103 Antioxidant Chinese yam polysaccharides and its pro-proliferative effect on endometrial epithelial cells. 24530337 6 3 theme endometrial 850:860 arg1 cells 873:877 human endometrial epithelial cells 844:877 human endometrial epithelial cells 844:877 Furthermore, CYP apparently promoted the proliferation of human endometrial epithelial cells, especially beyond the concentration of 100 μg/ml after 36 h exposure. 24530337 5 4 theme hydroxyl 745:752 arg1 radical 754:760 hydroxyl radical 745:760 hydroxyl radical 745:760 In vitro, CYP exhibited a potent scavenging activity on the DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical. 24530337 6 5 theme h 938:938 arg1 exposure 940:947 36 h exposure 935:947 36 h exposure 935:947 Furthermore, CYP apparently promoted the proliferation of human endometrial epithelial cells, especially beyond the concentration of 100 μg/ml after 36 h exposure. 24530337 6 6 theme human 844:848 arg1 cells 873:877 human endometrial epithelial cells 844:877 human endometrial epithelial cells 844:877 Furthermore, CYP apparently promoted the proliferation of human endometrial epithelial cells, especially beyond the concentration of 100 μg/ml after 36 h exposure. 24530337 2 7 theme endometrial 313:323 arg1 cells 336:340 human endometrial epithelial cells 307:340 human endometrial epithelial cells 307:340 Antioxidant and pro-proliferative activity of CYP on human endometrial epithelial cells in vitro were investigated. 24530337 3 8 theme cell 385:388 arg1 proliferation 390:402 cell proliferation 385:402 cell proliferation 385:402 Role of CYP on cell proliferation was also evaluated by examining pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bcl-2 by Western blot analysis. 24530337 1 9 attach isolated 156:163 arg2 polysaccharide 118:131 Chinese yam polysaccharide 106:131 Chinese yam polysaccharide (CYP) 106:137 Chinese yam polysaccharide (CYP) was successfully isolated from the rhizoma of Dioscorea opposita and its chemical characteristics were determined. 24530337 1 9 attach isolated 156:163 arg1 rhizoma 174:180 the rhizoma 170:180 the rhizoma of Dioscorea opposita 170:202 Chinese yam polysaccharide (CYP) was successfully isolated from the rhizoma of Dioscorea opposita and its chemical characteristics were determined. 24530337 1 9 attach isolated 156:163 arg2 CYP 134:136 CYP 134:136 CYP 134:136 Chinese yam polysaccharide (CYP) was successfully isolated from the rhizoma of Dioscorea opposita and its chemical characteristics were determined. 24530337 7 10 theme anti-apoptotic 981:994 arg1 Bcl-2 1004:1008 the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 977:1008 the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 977:1008 Western blot revealed that the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was upregulated after endometrial epithelial cells were treated with CYP, while the protein level of Bax was attenuated, thus leading to the downregulation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. 24530337 2 11 theme human 307:311 arg1 cells 336:340 human endometrial epithelial cells 307:340 human endometrial epithelial cells 307:340 Antioxidant and pro-proliferative activity of CYP on human endometrial epithelial cells in vitro were investigated. 24530337 4 12 theme glucuronic 622:631 arg1 acid 633:636 glucuronic acid 622:636 glucuronic acid 622:636 Chemical composition analysis indicated that CYP was mainly composed of mannose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid in the ratio of 0.5:1.2:0.3:0.3. 24530337 4 13 theme 0.5:1.2:0.3:0.3 654:668 arg1 ratio 645:649 the ratio 641:649 the ratio of 0.5:1.2:0.3:0.3 641:668 Chemical composition analysis indicated that CYP was mainly composed of mannose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid in the ratio of 0.5:1.2:0.3:0.3. 24530337 3 14 theme anti-apoptotic 454:467 arg1 Bax 478:480 Bax 478:480 Bax 478:480 Role of CYP on cell proliferation was also evaluated by examining pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bcl-2 by Western blot analysis. 24530337 3 14 theme anti-apoptotic 454:467 arg1 proteins 469:476 pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins 436:476 pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bcl-2 436:490 Role of CYP on cell proliferation was also evaluated by examining pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bcl-2 by Western blot analysis. 24530337 3 14 theme anti-apoptotic 454:467 arg1 Bcl-2 486:490 Bcl-2 486:490 Bcl-2 486:490 Role of CYP on cell proliferation was also evaluated by examining pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bcl-2 by Western blot analysis. 24530337 8 15 theme potential 1253:1261 arg1 candidate 1263:1271 a potential candidate 1251:1271 a potential candidate of the natural antioxidants 1251:1299 Our findings provide the first evidence that CYP may prove to be a potential candidate of the natural antioxidants as a therapeutic agent for female infertility. 24530337 8 15 theme potential 1253:1261 arg1 CYP 1231:1233 CYP 1231:1233 CYP 1231:1233 Our findings provide the first evidence that CYP may prove to be a potential candidate of the natural antioxidants as a therapeutic agent for female infertility. 24530337 3 16 theme CYP 378:380 arg1 Role 370:373 Role 370:373 Role of CYP on cell proliferation 370:402 Role of CYP on cell proliferation was also evaluated by examining pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bcl-2 by Western blot analysis. 24530337 4 17 theme composition 527:537 arg1 analysis 539:546 Chemical composition analysis 518:546 Chemical composition analysis 518:546 Chemical composition analysis indicated that CYP was mainly composed of mannose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid in the ratio of 0.5:1.2:0.3:0.3. 24530337 7 18 theme ratio 1179:1183 arg1 downregulation 1151:1164 the downregulation 1147:1164 the downregulation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio 1147:1183 Western blot revealed that the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was upregulated after endometrial epithelial cells were treated with CYP, while the protein level of Bax was attenuated, thus leading to the downregulation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. 24530337 7 19 theme Bax 1111:1113 arg1 level 1102:1106 the protein level 1090:1106 the protein level of Bax 1090:1113 Western blot revealed that the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was upregulated after endometrial epithelial cells were treated with CYP, while the protein level of Bax was attenuated, thus leading to the downregulation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. 24530337 2 20 theme CYP 300:302 arg1 activity 288:295 Antioxidant and pro-proliferative activity 254:295 Antioxidant and pro-proliferative activity of CYP on human endometrial epithelial cells in vitro 254:349 Antioxidant and pro-proliferative activity of CYP on human endometrial epithelial cells in vitro were investigated. 24530337 8 21 theme antioxidants 1288:1299 arg1 candidate 1263:1271 a potential candidate 1251:1271 a potential candidate of the natural antioxidants 1251:1299 Our findings provide the first evidence that CYP may prove to be a potential candidate of the natural antioxidants as a therapeutic agent for female infertility. 24530337 8 21 theme antioxidants 1288:1299 arg1 CYP 1231:1233 CYP 1231:1233 CYP 1231:1233 Our findings provide the first evidence that CYP may prove to be a potential candidate of the natural antioxidants as a therapeutic agent for female infertility. 24530337 0 22 theme Chinese 12:18 arg1 polysaccharides 24:38 Antioxidant Chinese yam polysaccharides 0:38 Antioxidant Chinese yam polysaccharides 0:38 Antioxidant Chinese yam polysaccharides and its pro-proliferative effect on endometrial epithelial cells. 24530337 4 23 theme Chemical 518:525 arg1 analysis 539:546 Chemical composition analysis 518:546 Chemical composition analysis 518:546 Chemical composition analysis indicated that CYP was mainly composed of mannose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid in the ratio of 0.5:1.2:0.3:0.3. 24530337 1 24 theme Dioscorea 185:193 arg1 opposita 195:202 Dioscorea opposita 185:202 Dioscorea opposita 185:202 Chinese yam polysaccharide (CYP) was successfully isolated from the rhizoma of Dioscorea opposita and its chemical characteristics were determined. 24530337 0 25 theme Antioxidant 0:10 arg1 polysaccharides 24:38 Antioxidant Chinese yam polysaccharides 0:38 Antioxidant Chinese yam polysaccharides 0:38 Antioxidant Chinese yam polysaccharides and its pro-proliferative effect on endometrial epithelial cells. 24530337 6 26 theme epithelial 862:871 arg1 cells 873:877 human endometrial epithelial cells 844:877 human endometrial epithelial cells 844:877 Furthermore, CYP apparently promoted the proliferation of human endometrial epithelial cells, especially beyond the concentration of 100 μg/ml after 36 h exposure. 24530337 1 27 theme Chinese 106:112 arg1 CYP 134:136 CYP 134:136 CYP 134:136 Chinese yam polysaccharide (CYP) was successfully isolated from the rhizoma of Dioscorea opposita and its chemical characteristics were determined. 24530337 1 27 theme Chinese 106:112 arg1 polysaccharide 118:131 Chinese yam polysaccharide 106:131 Chinese yam polysaccharide (CYP) 106:137 Chinese yam polysaccharide (CYP) was successfully isolated from the rhizoma of Dioscorea opposita and its chemical characteristics were determined. 24530337 1 28 theme opposita 195:202 arg1 rhizoma 174:180 the rhizoma 170:180 the rhizoma of Dioscorea opposita 170:202 Chinese yam polysaccharide (CYP) was successfully isolated from the rhizoma of Dioscorea opposita and its chemical characteristics were determined. 24530337 7 29 theme protein 996:1002 arg1 Bcl-2 1004:1008 the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 977:1008 the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 977:1008 Western blot revealed that the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was upregulated after endometrial epithelial cells were treated with CYP, while the protein level of Bax was attenuated, thus leading to the downregulation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. 24530337 1 30 theme yam 114:116 arg1 CYP 134:136 CYP 134:136 CYP 134:136 Chinese yam polysaccharide (CYP) was successfully isolated from the rhizoma of Dioscorea opposita and its chemical characteristics were determined. 24530337 1 30 theme yam 114:116 arg1 polysaccharide 118:131 Chinese yam polysaccharide 106:131 Chinese yam polysaccharide (CYP) 106:137 Chinese yam polysaccharide (CYP) was successfully isolated from the rhizoma of Dioscorea opposita and its chemical characteristics were determined. 24530337 3 31 theme Western 495:501 arg1 analysis 508:515 Western blot analysis 495:515 Western blot analysis 495:515 Role of CYP on cell proliferation was also evaluated by examining pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bcl-2 by Western blot analysis. 24530337 0 32 theme yam 20:22 arg1 polysaccharides 24:38 Antioxidant Chinese yam polysaccharides 0:38 Antioxidant Chinese yam polysaccharides 0:38 Antioxidant Chinese yam polysaccharides and its pro-proliferative effect on endometrial epithelial cells. 24530337 5 33 theme DPPH 731:734 arg1 radical 736:742 DPPH radical 731:742 DPPH radical 731:742 In vitro, CYP exhibited a potent scavenging activity on the DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical. 24530337 2 34 theme epithelial 325:334 arg1 cells 336:340 human endometrial epithelial cells 307:340 human endometrial epithelial cells 307:340 Antioxidant and pro-proliferative activity of CYP on human endometrial epithelial cells in vitro were investigated. 24530337 3 35 theme blot 503:506 arg1 analysis 508:515 Western blot analysis 495:515 Western blot analysis 495:515 Role of CYP on cell proliferation was also evaluated by examining pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bcl-2 by Western blot analysis. 24530337 3 36 theme pro-apoptotic 436:448 arg1 Bax 478:480 Bax 478:480 Bax 478:480 Role of CYP on cell proliferation was also evaluated by examining pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bcl-2 by Western blot analysis. 24530337 3 36 theme pro-apoptotic 436:448 arg1 proteins 469:476 pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins 436:476 pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bcl-2 436:490 Role of CYP on cell proliferation was also evaluated by examining pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bcl-2 by Western blot analysis. 24530337 3 36 theme pro-apoptotic 436:448 arg1 Bcl-2 486:490 Bcl-2 486:490 Bcl-2 486:490 Role of CYP on cell proliferation was also evaluated by examining pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bcl-2 by Western blot analysis. 24530337 7 37 theme protein 1094:1100 arg1 level 1102:1106 the protein level 1090:1106 the protein level of Bax 1090:1113 Western blot revealed that the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was upregulated after endometrial epithelial cells were treated with CYP, while the protein level of Bax was attenuated, thus leading to the downregulation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. 24530337 2 38 theme Antioxidant 254:264 arg1 activity 288:295 Antioxidant and pro-proliferative activity 254:295 Antioxidant and pro-proliferative activity of CYP on human endometrial epithelial cells in vitro 254:349 Antioxidant and pro-proliferative activity of CYP on human endometrial epithelial cells in vitro were investigated. 24530337 2 39 from activity 288:295 arg1 cells 336:340 human endometrial epithelial cells 307:340 human endometrial epithelial cells 307:340 Antioxidant and pro-proliferative activity of CYP on human endometrial epithelial cells in vitro were investigated. 24530337 1 40 theme chemical 212:219 arg1 characteristics 221:235 its chemical characteristics 208:235 its chemical characteristics 208:235 Chinese yam polysaccharide (CYP) was successfully isolated from the rhizoma of Dioscorea opposita and its chemical characteristics were determined. 24530337 6 41 theme 36 935:936 arg1 h 938:938 h 938:938 h 938:938 Furthermore, CYP apparently promoted the proliferation of human endometrial epithelial cells, especially beyond the concentration of 100 μg/ml after 36 h exposure. 24530337 3 42 dep proteins 469:476 arg1 Bax 478:480 Bax 478:480 Bax 478:480 Role of CYP on cell proliferation was also evaluated by examining pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bcl-2 by Western blot analysis. 24530337 3 42 dep proteins 469:476 arg1 proteins 469:476 pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins 436:476 pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bcl-2 436:490 Role of CYP on cell proliferation was also evaluated by examining pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bcl-2 by Western blot analysis. 24530337 3 42 dep proteins 469:476 arg1 Bcl-2 486:490 Bcl-2 486:490 Bcl-2 486:490 Role of CYP on cell proliferation was also evaluated by examining pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bcl-2 by Western blot analysis. 24530337 5 43 theme superoxide 766:775 arg1 radical 777:783 superoxide radical 766:783 superoxide radical 766:783 In vitro, CYP exhibited a potent scavenging activity on the DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical. 24530337 5 44 theme potent 697:702 arg1 activity 715:722 a potent scavenging activity 695:722 a potent scavenging activity on the DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical 695:783 In vitro, CYP exhibited a potent scavenging activity on the DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical. 24530337 6 45 theme μg/ml 923:927 arg1 concentration 902:914 the concentration 898:914 the concentration of 100 μg/ml after 36 h exposure 898:947 Furthermore, CYP apparently promoted the proliferation of human endometrial epithelial cells, especially beyond the concentration of 100 μg/ml after 36 h exposure. 24530337 8 46 theme therapeutic 1306:1316 arg1 agent 1318:1322 a therapeutic agent 1304:1322 a therapeutic agent for female infertility 1304:1345 Our findings provide the first evidence that CYP may prove to be a potential candidate of the natural antioxidants as a therapeutic agent for female infertility. 24530337 0 47 theme pro-proliferative 48:64 arg1 effect 66:71 its pro-proliferative effect 44:71 its pro-proliferative effect on endometrial epithelial cells 44:103 Antioxidant Chinese yam polysaccharides and its pro-proliferative effect on endometrial epithelial cells. 24530337 5 48 theme scavenging 704:713 arg1 activity 715:722 a potent scavenging activity 695:722 a potent scavenging activity on the DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical 695:783 In vitro, CYP exhibited a potent scavenging activity on the DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical. 24530337 7 49 theme Bax/Bcl-2 1169:1177 arg1 ratio 1179:1183 Bax/Bcl-2 ratio 1169:1183 Bax/Bcl-2 ratio 1169:1183 Western blot revealed that the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was upregulated after endometrial epithelial cells were treated with CYP, while the protein level of Bax was attenuated, thus leading to the downregulation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. 24530337 7 50 theme Western 950:956 arg1 blot 958:961 Western blot 950:961 Western blot 950:961 Western blot revealed that the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was upregulated after endometrial epithelial cells were treated with CYP, while the protein level of Bax was attenuated, thus leading to the downregulation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. 24530337 5 51 from activity 715:722 arg1 radical 736:742 DPPH radical 731:742 DPPH radical 731:742 In vitro, CYP exhibited a potent scavenging activity on the DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical. 24530337 5 51 from activity 715:722 arg1 radical 754:760 hydroxyl radical 745:760 hydroxyl radical 745:760 In vitro, CYP exhibited a potent scavenging activity on the DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical. 24530337 5 51 from activity 715:722 arg1 radical 777:783 superoxide radical 766:783 superoxide radical 766:783 In vitro, CYP exhibited a potent scavenging activity on the DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical. 24530337 6 52 theme cells 873:877 arg1 proliferation 827:839 the proliferation 823:839 the proliferation of human endometrial epithelial cells 823:877 Furthermore, CYP apparently promoted the proliferation of human endometrial epithelial cells, especially beyond the concentration of 100 μg/ml after 36 h exposure. 24530337 8 53 theme first 1211:1215 arg1 evidence 1217:1224 the first evidence that CYP may prove to be a potential candidate of the natural antioxidants as a therapeutic agent for female infertility 1207:1345 the first evidence that CYP may prove to be a potential candidate of the natural antioxidants as a therapeutic agent for female infertility 1207:1345 Our findings provide the first evidence that CYP may prove to be a potential candidate of the natural antioxidants as a therapeutic agent for female infertility. 24530337 7 54 theme endometrial 1032:1042 arg1 cells 1055:1059 endometrial epithelial cells 1032:1059 endometrial epithelial cells 1032:1059 Western blot revealed that the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was upregulated after endometrial epithelial cells were treated with CYP, while the protein level of Bax was attenuated, thus leading to the downregulation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. 24530337 0 55 theme endometrial 76:86 arg1 cells 99:103 endometrial epithelial cells 76:103 endometrial epithelial cells 76:103 Antioxidant Chinese yam polysaccharides and its pro-proliferative effect on endometrial epithelial cells. 24530337 3 56 from Role 370:373 arg1 proliferation 390:402 cell proliferation 385:402 cell proliferation 385:402 Role of CYP on cell proliferation was also evaluated by examining pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bcl-2 by Western blot analysis. 24530337 2 57 theme pro-proliferative 270:286 arg1 activity 288:295 Antioxidant and pro-proliferative activity 254:295 Antioxidant and pro-proliferative activity of CYP on human endometrial epithelial cells in vitro 254:349 Antioxidant and pro-proliferative activity of CYP on human endometrial epithelial cells in vitro were investigated. 24530337 7 58 theme epithelial 1044:1053 arg1 cells 1055:1059 endometrial epithelial cells 1032:1059 endometrial epithelial cells 1032:1059 Western blot revealed that the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was upregulated after endometrial epithelial cells were treated with CYP, while the protein level of Bax was attenuated, thus leading to the downregulation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. 24530337 0 59 from polysaccharides 24:38 arg1 cells 99:103 endometrial epithelial cells 76:103 endometrial epithelial cells 76:103 Antioxidant Chinese yam polysaccharides and its pro-proliferative effect on endometrial epithelial cells. 24530337 8 60 theme female 1328:1333 arg1 infertility 1335:1345 female infertility 1328:1345 female infertility 1328:1345 Our findings provide the first evidence that CYP may prove to be a potential candidate of the natural antioxidants as a therapeutic agent for female infertility. 24792697 0 0 theme cellulose 97:105 arg1 derivatives 82:92 derivatives 82:92 derivatives of cellulose and amylose 82:117 Enantioseparation characteristics of biselector chiral stationary phases based on derivatives of cellulose and amylose. 24792697 6 1 from interaction 1242:1252 arg1 blend 1283:1287 each blend 1278:1287 each blend 1278:1287 The interaction between two polymers in each blend was investigated by using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. 24792697 0 2 theme chiral 48:53 arg1 phases 66:71 biselector chiral stationary phases 37:71 biselector chiral stationary phases 37:71 Enantioseparation characteristics of biselector chiral stationary phases based on derivatives of cellulose and amylose. 24792697 3 3 theme glucose 846:852 arg1 unit 854:857 glucose unit 846:857 glucose unit 846:857 In order to overcome the defect and to study the enantioseparation characteristics of biselector CSPs, CMPC, cellulose tris(phenylcarbamate) (CPC) and CCPC were, respectively, mixed with amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamte) (ADMPC) at a ratio of 1:1 (mol/mol) of glucose unit, and three new CSPs were prepared by coating the resulting blends on 3-aminopropyl silica gel. 24792697 9 4 theme % 1635:1635 arg1 ethanol 1637:1643 30% ethanol 1633:1643 30% ethanol 1633:1643 And the biselector CSP derived from CCPC and ADMPC could safely work in a normal phase containing 30% ethanol. 24792697 5 5 theme enantioseparation 1123:1139 arg1 evaluation 1141:1150 The enantioseparation evaluation 1119:1150 The enantioseparation evaluation 1119:1150 The enantioseparation evaluation indicated that the biselector CSPs still bear excellent enantioseparation capability. 24792697 3 6 from blends 918:923 arg1 gel 949:951 3-aminopropyl silica gel 928:951 3-aminopropyl silica gel 928:951 In order to overcome the defect and to study the enantioseparation characteristics of biselector CSPs, CMPC, cellulose tris(phenylcarbamate) (CPC) and CCPC were, respectively, mixed with amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamte) (ADMPC) at a ratio of 1:1 (mol/mol) of glucose unit, and three new CSPs were prepared by coating the resulting blends on 3-aminopropyl silica gel. 24792697 2 7 theme mobile 544:549 arg1 phases 551:556 ethanol-containing mobile phases 525:556 ethanol-containing mobile phases (referring to CCPC) 525:576 However, the chiral stationary phases (CSPs) can be only used in the mobile phases containing no more than 20% ethanol (referring to CMPC) or cannot be used in ethanol-containing mobile phases (referring to CCPC). 24792697 3 8 theme new 870:872 arg1 CSPs 874:877 three new CSPs 864:877 three new CSPs 864:877 In order to overcome the defect and to study the enantioseparation characteristics of biselector CSPs, CMPC, cellulose tris(phenylcarbamate) (CPC) and CCPC were, respectively, mixed with amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamte) (ADMPC) at a ratio of 1:1 (mol/mol) of glucose unit, and three new CSPs were prepared by coating the resulting blends on 3-aminopropyl silica gel. 24792697 10 9 theme phases 1691:1696 arg1 ranges 1670:1675 the workable ranges 1657:1675 the workable ranges of the mobile phases 1657:1696 Therefore, the workable ranges of the mobile phases were broadened. 24792697 3 10 theme amylose 766:772 arg1 ADMPC 808:812 ADMPC 808:812 ADMPC 808:812 In order to overcome the defect and to study the enantioseparation characteristics of biselector CSPs, CMPC, cellulose tris(phenylcarbamate) (CPC) and CCPC were, respectively, mixed with amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamte) (ADMPC) at a ratio of 1:1 (mol/mol) of glucose unit, and three new CSPs were prepared by coating the resulting blends on 3-aminopropyl silica gel. 24792697 3 10 theme amylose 766:772 arg1 tris 774:777 amylose tris 766:777 amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamte) (ADMPC) 766:813 In order to overcome the defect and to study the enantioseparation characteristics of biselector CSPs, CMPC, cellulose tris(phenylcarbamate) (CPC) and CCPC were, respectively, mixed with amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamte) (ADMPC) at a ratio of 1:1 (mol/mol) of glucose unit, and three new CSPs were prepared by coating the resulting blends on 3-aminopropyl silica gel. 24792697 3 10 theme amylose 766:772 arg1 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamte 779:804 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamte 779:804 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamte 779:804 In order to overcome the defect and to study the enantioseparation characteristics of biselector CSPs, CMPC, cellulose tris(phenylcarbamate) (CPC) and CCPC were, respectively, mixed with amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamte) (ADMPC) at a ratio of 1:1 (mol/mol) of glucose unit, and three new CSPs were prepared by coating the resulting blends on 3-aminopropyl silica gel. 24792697 1 11 theme powerful 243:250 arg1 capability 271:280 their powerful chiral recognition capability 237:280 their powerful chiral recognition capability 237:280 Cellulose tris(4-methylphenylcarbamate) (CMPC) and cellulose tris(4-chlorophenylcarbamate) (CCPC) are well known for their powerful chiral recognition capability, and the chiral columns prepared from these two polymers have been commercialized. 24792697 0 12 theme amylose 111:117 arg1 derivatives 82:92 derivatives 82:92 derivatives of cellulose and amylose 82:117 Enantioseparation characteristics of biselector chiral stationary phases based on derivatives of cellulose and amylose. 24792697 2 13 theme ethanol-containing 525:542 arg1 phases 551:556 ethanol-containing mobile phases 525:556 ethanol-containing mobile phases (referring to CCPC) 525:576 However, the chiral stationary phases (CSPs) can be only used in the mobile phases containing no more than 20% ethanol (referring to CMPC) or cannot be used in ethanol-containing mobile phases (referring to CCPC). 24792697 4 14 theme cellulose 1096:1104 arg1 derivatives 1081:1091 the individual derivatives 1066:1091 the individual derivatives of cellulose and amylose 1066:1116 For the purpose of enantioseparation comparison, the corresponding single selector CSPs were also prepared with the individual derivatives of cellulose and amylose. 24792697 9 15 contain containing 1622:1631 arg1 phase 1616:1620 a normal phase 1607:1620 a normal phase containing 30% ethanol 1607:1643 And the biselector CSP derived from CCPC and ADMPC could safely work in a normal phase containing 30% ethanol. 24792697 9 15 contain containing 1622:1631 arg2 ethanol 1637:1643 30% ethanol 1633:1643 30% ethanol 1633:1643 And the biselector CSP derived from CCPC and ADMPC could safely work in a normal phase containing 30% ethanol. 24792697 4 16 theme selector 1028:1035 arg1 CSPs 1037:1040 the corresponding single selector CSPs 1003:1040 the corresponding single selector CSPs 1003:1040 For the purpose of enantioseparation comparison, the corresponding single selector CSPs were also prepared with the individual derivatives of cellulose and amylose. 24792697 1 17 theme chiral 252:257 arg1 capability 271:280 their powerful chiral recognition capability 237:280 their powerful chiral recognition capability 237:280 Cellulose tris(4-methylphenylcarbamate) (CMPC) and cellulose tris(4-chlorophenylcarbamate) (CCPC) are well known for their powerful chiral recognition capability, and the chiral columns prepared from these two polymers have been commercialized. 24792697 4 18 theme single 1021:1026 arg1 CSPs 1037:1040 the corresponding single selector CSPs 1003:1040 the corresponding single selector CSPs 1003:1040 For the purpose of enantioseparation comparison, the corresponding single selector CSPs were also prepared with the individual derivatives of cellulose and amylose. 24792697 3 19 theme resulting 908:916 arg1 blends 918:923 the resulting blends 904:923 the resulting blends on 3-aminopropyl silica gel 904:951 In order to overcome the defect and to study the enantioseparation characteristics of biselector CSPs, CMPC, cellulose tris(phenylcarbamate) (CPC) and CCPC were, respectively, mixed with amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamte) (ADMPC) at a ratio of 1:1 (mol/mol) of glucose unit, and three new CSPs were prepared by coating the resulting blends on 3-aminopropyl silica gel. 24792697 11 20 from order 1726:1730 arg1 CSPs 1750:1753 the biselector CSPs 1735:1753 the biselector CSPs 1735:1753 The elution order on the biselector CSPs was generally dominated by the one on the corresponding single selector CSPs that provided a higher resolution. 24792697 4 21 theme comparison 991:1000 arg1 purpose 962:968 the purpose 958:968 the purpose of enantioseparation comparison 958:1000 For the purpose of enantioseparation comparison, the corresponding single selector CSPs were also prepared with the individual derivatives of cellulose and amylose. 24792697 1 22 theme recognition 259:269 arg1 capability 271:280 their powerful chiral recognition capability 237:280 their powerful chiral recognition capability 237:280 Cellulose tris(4-methylphenylcarbamate) (CMPC) and cellulose tris(4-chlorophenylcarbamate) (CCPC) are well known for their powerful chiral recognition capability, and the chiral columns prepared from these two polymers have been commercialized. 24792697 3 23 theme biselector 665:674 arg1 CSPs 676:679 biselector CSPs 665:679 biselector CSPs 665:679 In order to overcome the defect and to study the enantioseparation characteristics of biselector CSPs, CMPC, cellulose tris(phenylcarbamate) (CPC) and CCPC were, respectively, mixed with amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamte) (ADMPC) at a ratio of 1:1 (mol/mol) of glucose unit, and three new CSPs were prepared by coating the resulting blends on 3-aminopropyl silica gel. 24792697 4 24 theme amylose 1110:1116 arg1 derivatives 1081:1091 the individual derivatives 1066:1091 the individual derivatives of cellulose and amylose 1066:1116 For the purpose of enantioseparation comparison, the corresponding single selector CSPs were also prepared with the individual derivatives of cellulose and amylose. 24792697 4 25 theme enantioseparation 973:989 arg1 comparison 991:1000 enantioseparation comparison 973:1000 enantioseparation comparison 973:1000 For the purpose of enantioseparation comparison, the corresponding single selector CSPs were also prepared with the individual derivatives of cellulose and amylose. 24792697 1 26 theme cellulose 171:179 arg1 4-chlorophenylcarbamate 186:208 4-chlorophenylcarbamate 186:208 4-chlorophenylcarbamate 186:208 Cellulose tris(4-methylphenylcarbamate) (CMPC) and cellulose tris(4-chlorophenylcarbamate) (CCPC) are well known for their powerful chiral recognition capability, and the chiral columns prepared from these two polymers have been commercialized. 24792697 1 26 theme cellulose 171:179 arg1 CCPC 212:215 CCPC 212:215 CCPC 212:215 Cellulose tris(4-methylphenylcarbamate) (CMPC) and cellulose tris(4-chlorophenylcarbamate) (CCPC) are well known for their powerful chiral recognition capability, and the chiral columns prepared from these two polymers have been commercialized. 24792697 1 26 theme cellulose 171:179 arg1 tris 181:184 cellulose tris 171:184 cellulose tris(4-chlorophenylcarbamate) (CCPC) 171:216 Cellulose tris(4-methylphenylcarbamate) (CMPC) and cellulose tris(4-chlorophenylcarbamate) (CCPC) are well known for their powerful chiral recognition capability, and the chiral columns prepared from these two polymers have been commercialized. 24792697 0 27 theme phases 66:71 arg1 characteristics 18:32 Enantioseparation characteristics 0:32 Enantioseparation characteristics of biselector chiral stationary phases 0:71 Enantioseparation characteristics of biselector chiral stationary phases based on derivatives of cellulose and amylose. 24792697 3 28 theme enantioseparation 628:644 arg1 characteristics 646:660 the enantioseparation characteristics 624:660 the enantioseparation characteristics of biselector CSPs 624:679 In order to overcome the defect and to study the enantioseparation characteristics of biselector CSPs, CMPC, cellulose tris(phenylcarbamate) (CPC) and CCPC were, respectively, mixed with amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamte) (ADMPC) at a ratio of 1:1 (mol/mol) of glucose unit, and three new CSPs were prepared by coating the resulting blends on 3-aminopropyl silica gel. 24792697 6 29 theme dichroism 1324:1332 arg1 spectroscopy 1339:1350 circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy 1315:1350 circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy 1315:1350 The interaction between two polymers in each blend was investigated by using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. 24792697 4 30 theme individual 1070:1079 arg1 derivatives 1081:1091 the individual derivatives 1066:1091 the individual derivatives of cellulose and amylose 1066:1116 For the purpose of enantioseparation comparison, the corresponding single selector CSPs were also prepared with the individual derivatives of cellulose and amylose. 24792697 2 31 theme chiral 378:383 arg1 CSPs 404:407 CSPs 404:407 CSPs 404:407 However, the chiral stationary phases (CSPs) can be only used in the mobile phases containing no more than 20% ethanol (referring to CMPC) or cannot be used in ethanol-containing mobile phases (referring to CCPC). 24792697 2 31 theme chiral 378:383 arg1 phases 396:401 the chiral stationary phases 374:401 the chiral stationary phases (CSPs) 374:408 However, the chiral stationary phases (CSPs) can be only used in the mobile phases containing no more than 20% ethanol (referring to CMPC) or cannot be used in ethanol-containing mobile phases (referring to CCPC). 24792697 2 32 used used 422:425 arg2 CSPs 404:407 CSPs 404:407 CSPs 404:407 However, the chiral stationary phases (CSPs) can be only used in the mobile phases containing no more than 20% ethanol (referring to CMPC) or cannot be used in ethanol-containing mobile phases (referring to CCPC). 24792697 2 32 used used 422:425 arg2 phases 396:401 the chiral stationary phases 374:401 the chiral stationary phases (CSPs) 374:408 However, the chiral stationary phases (CSPs) can be only used in the mobile phases containing no more than 20% ethanol (referring to CMPC) or cannot be used in ethanol-containing mobile phases (referring to CCPC). 24792697 3 33 theme 3-aminopropyl 928:940 arg1 gel 949:951 3-aminopropyl silica gel 928:951 3-aminopropyl silica gel 928:951 In order to overcome the defect and to study the enantioseparation characteristics of biselector CSPs, CMPC, cellulose tris(phenylcarbamate) (CPC) and CCPC were, respectively, mixed with amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamte) (ADMPC) at a ratio of 1:1 (mol/mol) of glucose unit, and three new CSPs were prepared by coating the resulting blends on 3-aminopropyl silica gel. 24792697 13 34 theme racemic 2100:2106 arg1 mixtures 2108:2115 partially racemic mixtures 2090:2115 partially racemic mixtures 2090:2115 The trends of the retention factors and the resolutions of partially racemic mixtures were discussed. 24792697 0 35 theme Enantioseparation 0:16 arg1 characteristics 18:32 Enantioseparation characteristics 0:32 Enantioseparation characteristics of biselector chiral stationary phases 0:71 Enantioseparation characteristics of biselector chiral stationary phases based on derivatives of cellulose and amylose. 24792697 3 36 theme silica 942:947 arg1 gel 949:951 3-aminopropyl silica gel 928:951 3-aminopropyl silica gel 928:951 In order to overcome the defect and to study the enantioseparation characteristics of biselector CSPs, CMPC, cellulose tris(phenylcarbamate) (CPC) and CCPC were, respectively, mixed with amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamte) (ADMPC) at a ratio of 1:1 (mol/mol) of glucose unit, and three new CSPs were prepared by coating the resulting blends on 3-aminopropyl silica gel. 24792697 11 37 from one 1786:1788 arg1 CSPs 1827:1830 the corresponding single selector CSPs 1793:1830 the corresponding single selector CSPs that provided a higher resolution 1793:1864 The elution order on the biselector CSPs was generally dominated by the one on the corresponding single selector CSPs that provided a higher resolution. 24792697 11 38 theme biselector 1739:1748 arg1 CSPs 1750:1753 the biselector CSPs 1735:1753 the biselector CSPs 1735:1753 The elution order on the biselector CSPs was generally dominated by the one on the corresponding single selector CSPs that provided a higher resolution. 24792697 0 39 theme biselector 37:46 arg1 phases 66:71 biselector chiral stationary phases 37:71 biselector chiral stationary phases 37:71 Enantioseparation characteristics of biselector chiral stationary phases based on derivatives of cellulose and amylose. 24792697 12 40 theme CSPs 2025:2028 arg1 enantioseparation 1989:2005 the enantioseparation 1985:2005 the enantioseparation of the biselector CSPs 1985:2028 In addition, the suprastructure variation caused by the interaction between the individual polymers might also affect the enantioseparation of the biselector CSPs. 24792697 2 41 dep % 474:474 arg1 20 472:473 20 472:473 20 472:473 However, the chiral stationary phases (CSPs) can be only used in the mobile phases containing no more than 20% ethanol (referring to CMPC) or cannot be used in ethanol-containing mobile phases (referring to CCPC). 24792697 5 42 contain bear 1193:1196 arg2 capability 1226:1235 excellent enantioseparation capability 1198:1235 excellent enantioseparation capability 1198:1235 The enantioseparation evaluation indicated that the biselector CSPs still bear excellent enantioseparation capability. 24792697 5 42 contain bear 1193:1196 arg1 CSPs 1182:1185 the biselector CSPs 1167:1185 the biselector CSPs 1167:1185 The enantioseparation evaluation indicated that the biselector CSPs still bear excellent enantioseparation capability. 24792697 12 43 theme individual 1947:1956 arg1 polymers 1958:1965 the individual polymers 1943:1965 the individual polymers 1943:1965 In addition, the suprastructure variation caused by the interaction between the individual polymers might also affect the enantioseparation of the biselector CSPs. 24792697 3 44 theme CSPs 676:679 arg1 characteristics 646:660 the enantioseparation characteristics 624:660 the enantioseparation characteristics of biselector CSPs 624:679 In order to overcome the defect and to study the enantioseparation characteristics of biselector CSPs, CMPC, cellulose tris(phenylcarbamate) (CPC) and CCPC were, respectively, mixed with amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamte) (ADMPC) at a ratio of 1:1 (mol/mol) of glucose unit, and three new CSPs were prepared by coating the resulting blends on 3-aminopropyl silica gel. 24792697 6 45 theme circular 1315:1322 arg1 CD 1335:1336 CD 1335:1336 CD 1335:1336 The interaction between two polymers in each blend was investigated by using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. 24792697 6 45 theme circular 1315:1322 arg1 dichroism 1324:1332 circular dichroism 1315:1332 circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy 1315:1350 The interaction between two polymers in each blend was investigated by using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. 24792697 1 46 theme Cellulose 120:128 arg1 4-methylphenylcarbamate 135:157 4-methylphenylcarbamate 135:157 4-methylphenylcarbamate 135:157 Cellulose tris(4-methylphenylcarbamate) (CMPC) and cellulose tris(4-chlorophenylcarbamate) (CCPC) are well known for their powerful chiral recognition capability, and the chiral columns prepared from these two polymers have been commercialized. 24792697 1 46 theme Cellulose 120:128 arg1 CMPC 161:164 CMPC 161:164 CMPC 161:164 Cellulose tris(4-methylphenylcarbamate) (CMPC) and cellulose tris(4-chlorophenylcarbamate) (CCPC) are well known for their powerful chiral recognition capability, and the chiral columns prepared from these two polymers have been commercialized. 24792697 1 46 theme Cellulose 120:128 arg1 tris 130:133 Cellulose tris 120:133 Cellulose tris(4-methylphenylcarbamate) (CMPC) 120:165 Cellulose tris(4-methylphenylcarbamate) (CMPC) and cellulose tris(4-chlorophenylcarbamate) (CCPC) are well known for their powerful chiral recognition capability, and the chiral columns prepared from these two polymers have been commercialized. 24792697 5 47 theme excellent 1198:1206 arg1 capability 1226:1235 excellent enantioseparation capability 1198:1235 excellent enantioseparation capability 1198:1235 The enantioseparation evaluation indicated that the biselector CSPs still bear excellent enantioseparation capability. 24792697 13 48 theme retention 2049:2057 arg1 factors 2059:2065 the retention factors 2045:2065 the retention factors 2045:2065 The trends of the retention factors and the resolutions of partially racemic mixtures were discussed. 24792697 0 49 theme stationary 55:64 arg1 phases 66:71 biselector chiral stationary phases 37:71 biselector chiral stationary phases 37:71 Enantioseparation characteristics of biselector chiral stationary phases based on derivatives of cellulose and amylose. 24792697 10 50 theme workable 1661:1668 arg1 ranges 1670:1675 the workable ranges 1657:1675 the workable ranges of the mobile phases 1657:1696 Therefore, the workable ranges of the mobile phases were broadened. 24792697 5 51 theme enantioseparation 1208:1224 arg1 capability 1226:1235 excellent enantioseparation capability 1198:1235 excellent enantioseparation capability 1198:1235 The enantioseparation evaluation indicated that the biselector CSPs still bear excellent enantioseparation capability. 24792697 9 52 attach derived 1558:1564 arg2 CSP 1554:1556 the biselector CSP 1539:1556 the biselector CSP derived from CCPC and ADMPC 1539:1584 And the biselector CSP derived from CCPC and ADMPC could safely work in a normal phase containing 30% ethanol. 24792697 9 52 attach derived 1558:1564 arg1 ADMPC 1580:1584 ADMPC 1580:1584 ADMPC 1580:1584 And the biselector CSP derived from CCPC and ADMPC could safely work in a normal phase containing 30% ethanol. 24792697 9 52 attach derived 1558:1564 arg1 CCPC 1571:1574 CCPC 1571:1574 CCPC 1571:1574 And the biselector CSP derived from CCPC and ADMPC could safely work in a normal phase containing 30% ethanol. 24792697 2 53 theme stationary 385:394 arg1 CSPs 404:407 CSPs 404:407 CSPs 404:407 However, the chiral stationary phases (CSPs) can be only used in the mobile phases containing no more than 20% ethanol (referring to CMPC) or cannot be used in ethanol-containing mobile phases (referring to CCPC). 24792697 2 53 theme stationary 385:394 arg1 phases 396:401 the chiral stationary phases 374:401 the chiral stationary phases (CSPs) 374:408 However, the chiral stationary phases (CSPs) can be only used in the mobile phases containing no more than 20% ethanol (referring to CMPC) or cannot be used in ethanol-containing mobile phases (referring to CCPC). 24792697 1 54 theme chiral 291:296 arg1 columns 298:304 the chiral columns 287:304 the chiral columns prepared from these two polymers 287:337 Cellulose tris(4-methylphenylcarbamate) (CMPC) and cellulose tris(4-chlorophenylcarbamate) (CCPC) are well known for their powerful chiral recognition capability, and the chiral columns prepared from these two polymers have been commercialized. 24792697 2 55 theme mobile 434:439 arg1 phases 441:446 the mobile phases 430:446 the mobile phases containing no more than 20% ethanol 430:482 However, the chiral stationary phases (CSPs) can be only used in the mobile phases containing no more than 20% ethanol (referring to CMPC) or cannot be used in ethanol-containing mobile phases (referring to CCPC). 24792697 11 56 theme corresponding 1797:1809 arg1 CSPs 1827:1830 the corresponding single selector CSPs 1793:1830 the corresponding single selector CSPs that provided a higher resolution 1793:1864 The elution order on the biselector CSPs was generally dominated by the one on the corresponding single selector CSPs that provided a higher resolution. 24792697 2 57 contain containing 448:457 arg2 ethanol 476:482 no more than 20% ethanol 459:482 no more than 20% ethanol 459:482 However, the chiral stationary phases (CSPs) can be only used in the mobile phases containing no more than 20% ethanol (referring to CMPC) or cannot be used in ethanol-containing mobile phases (referring to CCPC). 24792697 2 57 contain containing 448:457 arg1 phases 441:446 the mobile phases 430:446 the mobile phases containing no more than 20% ethanol 430:482 However, the chiral stationary phases (CSPs) can be only used in the mobile phases containing no more than 20% ethanol (referring to CMPC) or cannot be used in ethanol-containing mobile phases (referring to CCPC). 24792697 7 58 attach derived 1416:1422 arg1 CMPC 1429:1432 CMPC 1429:1432 CMPC 1429:1432 Owing to the interaction, the durability of the biselector CSP derived from CMPC and ADMPC was significantly improved. 24792697 7 58 attach derived 1416:1422 arg1 ADMPC 1438:1442 ADMPC 1438:1442 ADMPC 1438:1442 Owing to the interaction, the durability of the biselector CSP derived from CMPC and ADMPC was significantly improved. 24792697 7 58 attach derived 1416:1422 arg2 CSP 1412:1414 the biselector CSP 1397:1414 the biselector CSP derived from CMPC and ADMPC 1397:1442 Owing to the interaction, the durability of the biselector CSP derived from CMPC and ADMPC was significantly improved. 24792697 9 59 theme 30 1633:1634 arg1 % 1635:1635 % 1635:1635 % 1635:1635 And the biselector CSP derived from CCPC and ADMPC could safely work in a normal phase containing 30% ethanol. 24792697 9 60 theme normal 1609:1614 arg1 phase 1616:1620 a normal phase 1607:1620 a normal phase containing 30% ethanol 1607:1643 And the biselector CSP derived from CCPC and ADMPC could safely work in a normal phase containing 30% ethanol. 24792697 2 61 dep ethanol 476:482 arg1 % 474:474 % 474:474 % 474:474 However, the chiral stationary phases (CSPs) can be only used in the mobile phases containing no more than 20% ethanol (referring to CMPC) or cannot be used in ethanol-containing mobile phases (referring to CCPC). 24792697 3 62 theme cellulose 688:696 arg1 CPC 721:723 CPC 721:723 CPC 721:723 In order to overcome the defect and to study the enantioseparation characteristics of biselector CSPs, CMPC, cellulose tris(phenylcarbamate) (CPC) and CCPC were, respectively, mixed with amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamte) (ADMPC) at a ratio of 1:1 (mol/mol) of glucose unit, and three new CSPs were prepared by coating the resulting blends on 3-aminopropyl silica gel. 24792697 3 62 theme cellulose 688:696 arg1 tris 698:701 cellulose tris 688:701 cellulose tris(phenylcarbamate) (CPC) 688:724 In order to overcome the defect and to study the enantioseparation characteristics of biselector CSPs, CMPC, cellulose tris(phenylcarbamate) (CPC) and CCPC were, respectively, mixed with amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamte) (ADMPC) at a ratio of 1:1 (mol/mol) of glucose unit, and three new CSPs were prepared by coating the resulting blends on 3-aminopropyl silica gel. 24792697 3 62 theme cellulose 688:696 arg1 phenylcarbamate 703:717 phenylcarbamate 703:717 phenylcarbamate 703:717 In order to overcome the defect and to study the enantioseparation characteristics of biselector CSPs, CMPC, cellulose tris(phenylcarbamate) (CPC) and CCPC were, respectively, mixed with amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamte) (ADMPC) at a ratio of 1:1 (mol/mol) of glucose unit, and three new CSPs were prepared by coating the resulting blends on 3-aminopropyl silica gel. 24792697 7 63 theme biselector 1401:1410 arg1 CSP 1412:1414 the biselector CSP 1397:1414 the biselector CSP derived from CMPC and ADMPC 1397:1442 Owing to the interaction, the durability of the biselector CSP derived from CMPC and ADMPC was significantly improved. 24792697 9 64 theme biselector 1543:1552 arg1 CSP 1554:1556 the biselector CSP 1539:1556 the biselector CSP derived from CCPC and ADMPC 1539:1584 And the biselector CSP derived from CCPC and ADMPC could safely work in a normal phase containing 30% ethanol. 24792697 3 65 theme 1:1 829:831 arg1 ratio 820:824 a ratio 818:824 a ratio of 1:1 (mol/mol) of glucose unit 818:857 In order to overcome the defect and to study the enantioseparation characteristics of biselector CSPs, CMPC, cellulose tris(phenylcarbamate) (CPC) and CCPC were, respectively, mixed with amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamte) (ADMPC) at a ratio of 1:1 (mol/mol) of glucose unit, and three new CSPs were prepared by coating the resulting blends on 3-aminopropyl silica gel. 24792697 8 66 theme ethanol 1526:1532 arg1 phase 1512:1516 a mobile phase 1503:1516 a mobile phase of 100% ethanol 1503:1532 The CSP could be analyzed with a mobile phase of 100% ethanol. 24792697 11 67 theme selector 1818:1825 arg1 CSPs 1827:1830 the corresponding single selector CSPs 1793:1830 the corresponding single selector CSPs that provided a higher resolution 1793:1864 The elution order on the biselector CSPs was generally dominated by the one on the corresponding single selector CSPs that provided a higher resolution. 24792697 8 68 theme mobile 1505:1510 arg1 phase 1512:1516 a mobile phase 1503:1516 a mobile phase of 100% ethanol 1503:1532 The CSP could be analyzed with a mobile phase of 100% ethanol. 24792697 7 69 theme CSP 1412:1414 arg1 durability 1383:1392 the durability 1379:1392 the durability of the biselector CSP derived from CMPC and ADMPC 1379:1442 Owing to the interaction, the durability of the biselector CSP derived from CMPC and ADMPC was significantly improved. 24792697 10 70 theme mobile 1684:1689 arg1 phases 1691:1696 the mobile phases 1680:1696 the mobile phases 1680:1696 Therefore, the workable ranges of the mobile phases were broadened. 24792697 8 71 theme % 1524:1524 arg1 ethanol 1526:1532 100% ethanol 1521:1532 100% ethanol 1521:1532 The CSP could be analyzed with a mobile phase of 100% ethanol. 24792697 12 72 theme biselector 2014:2023 arg1 CSPs 2025:2028 the biselector CSPs 2010:2028 the biselector CSPs 2010:2028 In addition, the suprastructure variation caused by the interaction between the individual polymers might also affect the enantioseparation of the biselector CSPs. 24792697 11 73 theme higher 1848:1853 arg1 resolution 1855:1864 a higher resolution 1846:1864 a higher resolution 1846:1864 The elution order on the biselector CSPs was generally dominated by the one on the corresponding single selector CSPs that provided a higher resolution. 24792697 3 74 theme unit 854:857 arg1 mol/mol 834:840 mol/mol 834:840 mol/mol 834:840 In order to overcome the defect and to study the enantioseparation characteristics of biselector CSPs, CMPC, cellulose tris(phenylcarbamate) (CPC) and CCPC were, respectively, mixed with amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamte) (ADMPC) at a ratio of 1:1 (mol/mol) of glucose unit, and three new CSPs were prepared by coating the resulting blends on 3-aminopropyl silica gel. 24792697 3 74 theme unit 854:857 arg1 1:1 829:831 1:1 829:831 1:1 (mol/mol) of glucose unit 829:857 In order to overcome the defect and to study the enantioseparation characteristics of biselector CSPs, CMPC, cellulose tris(phenylcarbamate) (CPC) and CCPC were, respectively, mixed with amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamte) (ADMPC) at a ratio of 1:1 (mol/mol) of glucose unit, and three new CSPs were prepared by coating the resulting blends on 3-aminopropyl silica gel. 24792697 13 75 theme factors 2059:2065 arg1 resolutions 2075:2085 the resolutions 2071:2085 the resolutions of partially racemic mixtures 2071:2115 The trends of the retention factors and the resolutions of partially racemic mixtures were discussed. 24792697 13 75 theme factors 2059:2065 arg1 trends 2035:2040 The trends 2031:2040 The trends of the retention factors 2031:2065 The trends of the retention factors and the resolutions of partially racemic mixtures were discussed. 24792697 5 76 theme biselector 1171:1180 arg1 CSPs 1182:1185 the biselector CSPs 1167:1185 the biselector CSPs 1167:1185 The enantioseparation evaluation indicated that the biselector CSPs still bear excellent enantioseparation capability. 24792697 11 77 theme single 1811:1816 arg1 CSPs 1827:1830 the corresponding single selector CSPs 1793:1830 the corresponding single selector CSPs that provided a higher resolution 1793:1864 The elution order on the biselector CSPs was generally dominated by the one on the corresponding single selector CSPs that provided a higher resolution. 24792697 4 78 theme corresponding 1007:1019 arg1 CSPs 1037:1040 the corresponding single selector CSPs 1003:1040 the corresponding single selector CSPs 1003:1040 For the purpose of enantioseparation comparison, the corresponding single selector CSPs were also prepared with the individual derivatives of cellulose and amylose. 24792697 12 79 theme suprastructure 1884:1897 arg1 variation 1899:1907 the suprastructure variation 1880:1907 the suprastructure variation caused by the interaction between the individual polymers 1880:1965 In addition, the suprastructure variation caused by the interaction between the individual polymers might also affect the enantioseparation of the biselector CSPs. 24792697 8 80 theme 100 1521:1523 arg1 % 1524:1524 % 1524:1524 % 1524:1524 The CSP could be analyzed with a mobile phase of 100% ethanol. 24792697 11 81 theme elution 1718:1724 arg1 order 1726:1730 The elution order 1714:1730 The elution order on the biselector CSPs 1714:1753 The elution order on the biselector CSPs was generally dominated by the one on the corresponding single selector CSPs that provided a higher resolution. 24792697 13 82 theme mixtures 2108:2115 arg1 resolutions 2075:2085 the resolutions 2071:2085 the resolutions of partially racemic mixtures 2071:2115 The trends of the retention factors and the resolutions of partially racemic mixtures were discussed. 24792697 13 82 theme mixtures 2108:2115 arg1 trends 2035:2040 The trends 2031:2040 The trends of the retention factors 2031:2065 The trends of the retention factors and the resolutions of partially racemic mixtures were discussed. 24792697 2 83 used used 517:520 arg2 CSPs 404:407 CSPs 404:407 CSPs 404:407 However, the chiral stationary phases (CSPs) can be only used in the mobile phases containing no more than 20% ethanol (referring to CMPC) or cannot be used in ethanol-containing mobile phases (referring to CCPC). 24792697 2 83 used used 517:520 arg2 phases 396:401 the chiral stationary phases 374:401 the chiral stationary phases (CSPs) 374:408 However, the chiral stationary phases (CSPs) can be only used in the mobile phases containing no more than 20% ethanol (referring to CMPC) or cannot be used in ethanol-containing mobile phases (referring to CCPC). 27240296 8 0 theme facile 1394:1399 arg1 route 1419:1423 the low-cost of raw materials required, and facile (green) synthesis route 1350:1423 route 1419:1423 When considered in combination with the advantages of the low-cost of raw materials required, and facile (green) synthesis route, CGB is a promising material for arsenic remediation, particularly in developing countries, which suffer a diversity of socio-economical-traditional constraints for water purification and sanitation. 27240296 4 1 theme chitosan 783:790 arg1 matrix 792:797 the chitosan matrix 779:797 the chitosan matrix 779:797 The CGB material is prepared in the form of beads of high density and excellent compression strength; the embedding of the goethite nanoparticles in the chitosan matrix allows for the high adsorption capacity of nanoparticles to be realized. 27240296 4 2 theme high 814:817 arg1 capacity 830:837 the high adsorption capacity 810:837 the high adsorption capacity of nanoparticles to be realized 810:869 The CGB material is prepared in the form of beads of high density and excellent compression strength; the embedding of the goethite nanoparticles in the chitosan matrix allows for the high adsorption capacity of nanoparticles to be realized. 27240296 4 3 theme high 683:686 arg1 density 688:694 high density 683:694 high density 683:694 The CGB material is prepared in the form of beads of high density and excellent compression strength; the embedding of the goethite nanoparticles in the chitosan matrix allows for the high adsorption capacity of nanoparticles to be realized. 27240296 1 4 theme supplies 239:246 arg1 remediation 197:207 the remediation 193:207 the remediation of arsenic-contaminated water supplies 193:246 We report on the synthesis and As adsorption properties of a novel chitosan - iron (oxyhydr)oxide composite material for the remediation of arsenic-contaminated water supplies. 27240296 5 5 theme CGB 872:874 arg1 beads 876:880 CGB beads 872:880 CGB beads 872:880 CGB beads remove both As(III) and As(V) efficiently from water, over the pH range 5-9, negating the need for pre-oxidation of As(III). 27240296 7 6 theme only 1278:1281 arg1 CGB 1291:1293 only 1.4 g/L CGB 1278:1293 only 1.4 g/L CGB 1278:1293 Using CGB beads, synthetic high-arsenic water (0.5 mg-As/L) could be purified to world drinking standard level (<0.01 mg-As/L) using only 1.4 g/L CGB. 27240296 8 7 theme water 1590:1594 arg1 purification 1596:1607 water purification 1590:1607 water purification 1590:1607 When considered in combination with the advantages of the low-cost of raw materials required, and facile (green) synthesis route, CGB is a promising material for arsenic remediation, particularly in developing countries, which suffer a diversity of socio-economical-traditional constraints for water purification and sanitation. 27240296 1 8 theme iron 150:153 arg1 material 180:187 iron (oxyhydr)oxide composite material 150:187 iron (oxyhydr)oxide composite material 150:187 We report on the synthesis and As adsorption properties of a novel chitosan - iron (oxyhydr)oxide composite material for the remediation of arsenic-contaminated water supplies. 27240296 1 9 dep synthesis 89:97 arg1 the 85:87 the 85:87 the 85:87 We report on the synthesis and As adsorption properties of a novel chitosan - iron (oxyhydr)oxide composite material for the remediation of arsenic-contaminated water supplies. 27240296 6 10 theme CGB 1107:1109 arg1 beads 1111:1115 CGB beads 1107:1115 CGB beads 1107:1115 Kinetic studies and μXRF analysis of CGB bead sections show that diffusion-adsorption of As(V) into CGB beads is faster than for As(III). 27240296 7 11 theme CGB 1151:1153 arg1 beads 1155:1159 CGB beads 1151:1159 CGB beads 1151:1159 Using CGB beads, synthetic high-arsenic water (0.5 mg-As/L) could be purified to world drinking standard level (<0.01 mg-As/L) using only 1.4 g/L CGB. 27240296 2 12 theme ICP-OES 281:287 arg1 techniques 322:331 FE-SEM, Mössbauer spectroscopy, ICP-OES and synchrotron (Bulk XAS, μXRF) techniques 249:331 FE-SEM, Mössbauer spectroscopy, ICP-OES and synchrotron (Bulk XAS, μXRF) techniques 249:331 FE-SEM, Mössbauer spectroscopy, ICP-OES and synchrotron (Bulk XAS, μXRF) techniques were applied to determine the composition of the new material and investigate the As uptake efficiency and mechanism. 27240296 1 13 dep chitosan 139:146 arg1 a 131:131 a 131:131 a 131:131 We report on the synthesis and As adsorption properties of a novel chitosan - iron (oxyhydr)oxide composite material for the remediation of arsenic-contaminated water supplies. 27240296 8 14 from material 1445:1452 arg1 countries 1506:1514 developing countries 1495:1514 developing countries 1495:1514 When considered in combination with the advantages of the low-cost of raw materials required, and facile (green) synthesis route, CGB is a promising material for arsenic remediation, particularly in developing countries, which suffer a diversity of socio-economical-traditional constraints for water purification and sanitation. 27240296 7 15 theme standard 1241:1248 arg1 <0.01 mg-As/L 1257:1269 <0.01 mg-As/L 1257:1269 <0.01 mg-As/L 1257:1269 Using CGB beads, synthetic high-arsenic water (0.5 mg-As/L) could be purified to world drinking standard level (<0.01 mg-As/L) using only 1.4 g/L CGB. 27240296 7 15 theme standard 1241:1248 arg1 level 1250:1254 world drinking standard level 1226:1254 world drinking standard level (<0.01 mg-As/L) 1226:1270 Using CGB beads, synthetic high-arsenic water (0.5 mg-As/L) could be purified to world drinking standard level (<0.01 mg-As/L) using only 1.4 g/L CGB. 27240296 4 16 theme beads 674:678 arg1 form 666:669 the form 662:669 the form of beads of high density and excellent compression strength 662:729 The CGB material is prepared in the form of beads of high density and excellent compression strength; the embedding of the goethite nanoparticles in the chitosan matrix allows for the high adsorption capacity of nanoparticles to be realized. 27240296 8 17 theme arsenic 1458:1464 arg1 remediation 1466:1476 arsenic remediation 1458:1476 arsenic remediation 1458:1476 When considered in combination with the advantages of the low-cost of raw materials required, and facile (green) synthesis route, CGB is a promising material for arsenic remediation, particularly in developing countries, which suffer a diversity of socio-economical-traditional constraints for water purification and sanitation. 27240296 5 18 dep remove 882:887 arg1 negating 959:966 negating 959:966 negating 959:966 CGB beads remove both As(III) and As(V) efficiently from water, over the pH range 5-9, negating the need for pre-oxidation of As(III). 27240296 8 19 theme socio-economical-traditional 1545:1572 arg1 constraints 1574:1584 socio-economical-traditional constraints 1545:1584 socio-economical-traditional constraints for water purification and sanitation 1545:1622 When considered in combination with the advantages of the low-cost of raw materials required, and facile (green) synthesis route, CGB is a promising material for arsenic remediation, particularly in developing countries, which suffer a diversity of socio-economical-traditional constraints for water purification and sanitation. 27240296 4 20 theme goethite 753:760 arg1 nanoparticles 762:774 the goethite nanoparticles 749:774 the goethite nanoparticles 749:774 The CGB material is prepared in the form of beads of high density and excellent compression strength; the embedding of the goethite nanoparticles in the chitosan matrix allows for the high adsorption capacity of nanoparticles to be realized. 27240296 2 21 theme material 386:393 arg1 composition 363:373 the composition 359:373 the composition of the new material 359:393 FE-SEM, Mössbauer spectroscopy, ICP-OES and synchrotron (Bulk XAS, μXRF) techniques were applied to determine the composition of the new material and investigate the As uptake efficiency and mechanism. 27240296 2 22 theme spectroscopy 267:278 arg1 techniques 322:331 FE-SEM, Mössbauer spectroscopy, ICP-OES and synchrotron (Bulk XAS, μXRF) techniques 249:331 FE-SEM, Mössbauer spectroscopy, ICP-OES and synchrotron (Bulk XAS, μXRF) techniques 249:331 FE-SEM, Mössbauer spectroscopy, ICP-OES and synchrotron (Bulk XAS, μXRF) techniques were applied to determine the composition of the new material and investigate the As uptake efficiency and mechanism. 27240296 8 23 theme green 1402:1406 arg1 route 1419:1423 the low-cost of raw materials required, and facile (green) synthesis route 1350:1423 route 1419:1423 When considered in combination with the advantages of the low-cost of raw materials required, and facile (green) synthesis route, CGB is a promising material for arsenic remediation, particularly in developing countries, which suffer a diversity of socio-economical-traditional constraints for water purification and sanitation. 27240296 7 24 theme world 1226:1230 arg1 <0.01 mg-As/L 1257:1269 <0.01 mg-As/L 1257:1269 <0.01 mg-As/L 1257:1269 Using CGB beads, synthetic high-arsenic water (0.5 mg-As/L) could be purified to world drinking standard level (<0.01 mg-As/L) using only 1.4 g/L CGB. 27240296 7 24 theme world 1226:1230 arg1 level 1250:1254 world drinking standard level 1226:1254 world drinking standard level (<0.01 mg-As/L) 1226:1270 Using CGB beads, synthetic high-arsenic water (0.5 mg-As/L) could be purified to world drinking standard level (<0.01 mg-As/L) using only 1.4 g/L CGB. 27240296 6 25 theme As 1096:1097 arg1 diffusion-adsorption 1072:1091 diffusion-adsorption 1072:1091 diffusion-adsorption of As(V) into CGB beads 1072:1115 Kinetic studies and μXRF analysis of CGB bead sections show that diffusion-adsorption of As(V) into CGB beads is faster than for As(III). 27240296 2 26 theme Mössbauer 257:265 arg1 spectroscopy 267:278 Mössbauer spectroscopy 257:278 Mössbauer spectroscopy 257:278 FE-SEM, Mössbauer spectroscopy, ICP-OES and synchrotron (Bulk XAS, μXRF) techniques were applied to determine the composition of the new material and investigate the As uptake efficiency and mechanism. 27240296 1 27 theme oxyhydr 156:162 arg1 material 180:187 iron (oxyhydr)oxide composite material 150:187 iron (oxyhydr)oxide composite material 150:187 We report on the synthesis and As adsorption properties of a novel chitosan - iron (oxyhydr)oxide composite material for the remediation of arsenic-contaminated water supplies. 27240296 2 28 theme uptake 418:423 arg1 efficiency 425:434 the As uptake efficiency 411:434 the As uptake efficiency 411:434 FE-SEM, Mössbauer spectroscopy, ICP-OES and synchrotron (Bulk XAS, μXRF) techniques were applied to determine the composition of the new material and investigate the As uptake efficiency and mechanism. 27240296 7 29 theme drinking 1232:1239 arg1 <0.01 mg-As/L 1257:1269 <0.01 mg-As/L 1257:1269 <0.01 mg-As/L 1257:1269 Using CGB beads, synthetic high-arsenic water (0.5 mg-As/L) could be purified to world drinking standard level (<0.01 mg-As/L) using only 1.4 g/L CGB. 27240296 7 29 theme drinking 1232:1239 arg1 level 1250:1254 world drinking standard level 1226:1254 world drinking standard level (<0.01 mg-As/L) 1226:1270 Using CGB beads, synthetic high-arsenic water (0.5 mg-As/L) could be purified to world drinking standard level (<0.01 mg-As/L) using only 1.4 g/L CGB. 27240296 8 30 theme raw 1366:1368 arg1 materials 1370:1378 raw materials 1366:1378 raw materials required 1366:1387 When considered in combination with the advantages of the low-cost of raw materials required, and facile (green) synthesis route, CGB is a promising material for arsenic remediation, particularly in developing countries, which suffer a diversity of socio-economical-traditional constraints for water purification and sanitation. 27240296 2 31 theme Bulk 306:309 arg1 μXRF 316:319 μXRF 316:319 μXRF 316:319 FE-SEM, Mössbauer spectroscopy, ICP-OES and synchrotron (Bulk XAS, μXRF) techniques were applied to determine the composition of the new material and investigate the As uptake efficiency and mechanism. 27240296 2 31 theme Bulk 306:309 arg1 XAS 311:313 Bulk XAS 306:313 Bulk XAS 306:313 FE-SEM, Mössbauer spectroscopy, ICP-OES and synchrotron (Bulk XAS, μXRF) techniques were applied to determine the composition of the new material and investigate the As uptake efficiency and mechanism. 27240296 8 32 theme synthesis 1409:1417 arg1 route 1419:1423 the low-cost of raw materials required, and facile (green) synthesis route 1350:1423 route 1419:1423 When considered in combination with the advantages of the low-cost of raw materials required, and facile (green) synthesis route, CGB is a promising material for arsenic remediation, particularly in developing countries, which suffer a diversity of socio-economical-traditional constraints for water purification and sanitation. 27240296 0 33 theme Novel 0:4 arg1 chitosan 6:13 Novel chitosan 0:13 Novel chitosan 0:13 Novel chitosan goethite bionanocomposite beads for arsenic remediation. 27240296 4 34 theme nanoparticles 762:774 arg1 embedding 736:744 the embedding 732:744 the embedding of the goethite nanoparticles in the chitosan matrix 732:797 The CGB material is prepared in the form of beads of high density and excellent compression strength; the embedding of the goethite nanoparticles in the chitosan matrix allows for the high adsorption capacity of nanoparticles to be realized. 27240296 1 35 theme oxide 164:168 arg1 material 180:187 iron (oxyhydr)oxide composite material 150:187 iron (oxyhydr)oxide composite material 150:187 We report on the synthesis and As adsorption properties of a novel chitosan - iron (oxyhydr)oxide composite material for the remediation of arsenic-contaminated water supplies. 27240296 0 36 theme bionanocomposite 24:39 arg1 beads 41:45 bionanocomposite beads 24:45 bionanocomposite beads 24:45 Novel chitosan goethite bionanocomposite beads for arsenic remediation. 27240296 2 37 theme synchrotron 293:303 arg1 techniques 322:331 FE-SEM, Mössbauer spectroscopy, ICP-OES and synchrotron (Bulk XAS, μXRF) techniques 249:331 FE-SEM, Mössbauer spectroscopy, ICP-OES and synchrotron (Bulk XAS, μXRF) techniques 249:331 FE-SEM, Mössbauer spectroscopy, ICP-OES and synchrotron (Bulk XAS, μXRF) techniques were applied to determine the composition of the new material and investigate the As uptake efficiency and mechanism. 27240296 1 38 theme composite 170:178 arg1 material 180:187 iron (oxyhydr)oxide composite material 150:187 iron (oxyhydr)oxide composite material 150:187 We report on the synthesis and As adsorption properties of a novel chitosan - iron (oxyhydr)oxide composite material for the remediation of arsenic-contaminated water supplies. 27240296 2 39 theme As 415:416 arg1 efficiency 425:434 the As uptake efficiency 411:434 the As uptake efficiency 411:434 FE-SEM, Mössbauer spectroscopy, ICP-OES and synchrotron (Bulk XAS, μXRF) techniques were applied to determine the composition of the new material and investigate the As uptake efficiency and mechanism. 27240296 1 40 theme As 103:104 arg1 properties 117:126 As adsorption properties 103:126 As adsorption properties 103:126 We report on the synthesis and As adsorption properties of a novel chitosan - iron (oxyhydr)oxide composite material for the remediation of arsenic-contaminated water supplies. 27240296 1 41 theme material 180:187 arg1 synthesis 89:97 synthesis 89:97 synthesis 89:97 We report on the synthesis and As adsorption properties of a novel chitosan - iron (oxyhydr)oxide composite material for the remediation of arsenic-contaminated water supplies. 27240296 1 41 theme material 180:187 arg1 properties 117:126 As adsorption properties 103:126 As adsorption properties 103:126 We report on the synthesis and As adsorption properties of a novel chitosan - iron (oxyhydr)oxide composite material for the remediation of arsenic-contaminated water supplies. 27240296 4 42 theme CGB 634:636 arg1 material 638:645 The CGB material 630:645 The CGB material 630:645 The CGB material is prepared in the form of beads of high density and excellent compression strength; the embedding of the goethite nanoparticles in the chitosan matrix allows for the high adsorption capacity of nanoparticles to be realized. 27240296 3 43 theme chitosan 587:594 arg1 bionanocomposite 605:620 the name 'chitosan goethite bionanocomposite' 577:621 the name 'chitosan goethite bionanocomposite' (CGB) 577:627 The iron (oxyhydr)oxide phase has been identified as a nano-sized goethite, well dispersed in the chitosan matrix, leading to the name 'chitosan goethite bionanocomposite' (CGB). 27240296 3 43 theme chitosan 587:594 arg1 CGB 624:626 CGB 624:626 CGB 624:626 The iron (oxyhydr)oxide phase has been identified as a nano-sized goethite, well dispersed in the chitosan matrix, leading to the name 'chitosan goethite bionanocomposite' (CGB). 27240296 7 44 theme synthetic 1162:1170 arg1 0.5 mg-As/L 1192:1202 0.5 mg-As/L 1192:1202 0.5 mg-As/L 1192:1202 Using CGB beads, synthetic high-arsenic water (0.5 mg-As/L) could be purified to world drinking standard level (<0.01 mg-As/L) using only 1.4 g/L CGB. 27240296 7 44 theme synthetic 1162:1170 arg1 water 1185:1189 synthetic high-arsenic water 1162:1189 synthetic high-arsenic water (0.5 mg-As/L) 1162:1203 Using CGB beads, synthetic high-arsenic water (0.5 mg-As/L) could be purified to world drinking standard level (<0.01 mg-As/L) using only 1.4 g/L CGB. 27240296 2 45 dep FE-SEM 249:254 arg1 μXRF 316:319 μXRF 316:319 μXRF 316:319 FE-SEM, Mössbauer spectroscopy, ICP-OES and synchrotron (Bulk XAS, μXRF) techniques were applied to determine the composition of the new material and investigate the As uptake efficiency and mechanism. 27240296 2 45 dep FE-SEM 249:254 arg1 XAS 311:313 Bulk XAS 306:313 Bulk XAS 306:313 FE-SEM, Mössbauer spectroscopy, ICP-OES and synchrotron (Bulk XAS, μXRF) techniques were applied to determine the composition of the new material and investigate the As uptake efficiency and mechanism. 27240296 2 46 theme new 382:384 arg1 material 386:393 the new material 378:393 the new material 378:393 FE-SEM, Mössbauer spectroscopy, ICP-OES and synchrotron (Bulk XAS, μXRF) techniques were applied to determine the composition of the new material and investigate the As uptake efficiency and mechanism. 27240296 8 47 theme low-cost 1354:1361 arg1 advantages 1336:1345 the advantages 1332:1345 the advantages of the low-cost of raw materials required, and facile (green) synthesis route 1332:1423 When considered in combination with the advantages of the low-cost of raw materials required, and facile (green) synthesis route, CGB is a promising material for arsenic remediation, particularly in developing countries, which suffer a diversity of socio-economical-traditional constraints for water purification and sanitation. 27240296 4 48 theme nanoparticles 842:854 arg1 capacity 830:837 the high adsorption capacity 810:837 the high adsorption capacity of nanoparticles to be realized 810:869 The CGB material is prepared in the form of beads of high density and excellent compression strength; the embedding of the goethite nanoparticles in the chitosan matrix allows for the high adsorption capacity of nanoparticles to be realized. 27240296 5 49 theme pH 945:946 arg1 range 948:952 the pH range 5-9 941:956 the pH range 5-9 941:956 CGB beads remove both As(III) and As(V) efficiently from water, over the pH range 5-9, negating the need for pre-oxidation of As(III). 27240296 3 50 theme chitosan 549:556 arg1 matrix 558:563 the chitosan matrix 545:563 the chitosan matrix 545:563 The iron (oxyhydr)oxide phase has been identified as a nano-sized goethite, well dispersed in the chitosan matrix, leading to the name 'chitosan goethite bionanocomposite' (CGB). 27240296 8 51 theme developing 1495:1504 arg1 countries 1506:1514 developing countries 1495:1514 developing countries 1495:1514 When considered in combination with the advantages of the low-cost of raw materials required, and facile (green) synthesis route, CGB is a promising material for arsenic remediation, particularly in developing countries, which suffer a diversity of socio-economical-traditional constraints for water purification and sanitation. 27240296 3 52 theme name 581:584 arg1 bionanocomposite 605:620 the name 'chitosan goethite bionanocomposite' 577:621 the name 'chitosan goethite bionanocomposite' (CGB) 577:627 The iron (oxyhydr)oxide phase has been identified as a nano-sized goethite, well dispersed in the chitosan matrix, leading to the name 'chitosan goethite bionanocomposite' (CGB). 27240296 3 52 theme name 581:584 arg1 CGB 624:626 CGB 624:626 CGB 624:626 The iron (oxyhydr)oxide phase has been identified as a nano-sized goethite, well dispersed in the chitosan matrix, leading to the name 'chitosan goethite bionanocomposite' (CGB). 27240296 6 53 theme sections 1053:1060 arg1 studies 1015:1021 Kinetic studies 1007:1021 Kinetic studies 1007:1021 Kinetic studies and μXRF analysis of CGB bead sections show that diffusion-adsorption of As(V) into CGB beads is faster than for As(III). 27240296 6 53 theme sections 1053:1060 arg1 analysis 1032:1039 μXRF analysis 1027:1039 μXRF analysis of CGB bead sections 1027:1060 Kinetic studies and μXRF analysis of CGB bead sections show that diffusion-adsorption of As(V) into CGB beads is faster than for As(III). 27240296 4 54 from embedding 736:744 arg1 matrix 792:797 the chitosan matrix 779:797 the chitosan matrix 779:797 The CGB material is prepared in the form of beads of high density and excellent compression strength; the embedding of the goethite nanoparticles in the chitosan matrix allows for the high adsorption capacity of nanoparticles to be realized. 27240296 1 55 theme adsorption 106:115 arg1 properties 117:126 As adsorption properties 103:126 As adsorption properties 103:126 We report on the synthesis and As adsorption properties of a novel chitosan - iron (oxyhydr)oxide composite material for the remediation of arsenic-contaminated water supplies. 27240296 0 56 theme arsenic 51:57 arg1 remediation 59:69 arsenic remediation 51:69 arsenic remediation 51:69 Novel chitosan goethite bionanocomposite beads for arsenic remediation. 27240296 5 57 theme III 1001:1003 arg1 pre-oxidation 981:993 pre-oxidation 981:993 pre-oxidation of As(III) 981:1004 CGB beads remove both As(III) and As(V) efficiently from water, over the pH range 5-9, negating the need for pre-oxidation of As(III). 27240296 6 58 theme bead 1048:1051 arg1 sections 1053:1060 CGB bead sections 1044:1060 CGB bead sections 1044:1060 Kinetic studies and μXRF analysis of CGB bead sections show that diffusion-adsorption of As(V) into CGB beads is faster than for As(III). 27240296 3 59 theme oxide 469:473 arg1 goethite 517:524 a nano-sized goethite 504:524 a nano-sized goethite 504:524 The iron (oxyhydr)oxide phase has been identified as a nano-sized goethite, well dispersed in the chitosan matrix, leading to the name 'chitosan goethite bionanocomposite' (CGB). 27240296 3 59 theme oxide 469:473 arg1 phase 475:479 The iron (oxyhydr)oxide phase 451:479 The iron (oxyhydr)oxide phase 451:479 The iron (oxyhydr)oxide phase has been identified as a nano-sized goethite, well dispersed in the chitosan matrix, leading to the name 'chitosan goethite bionanocomposite' (CGB). 27240296 3 60 theme oxyhydr 461:467 arg1 goethite 517:524 a nano-sized goethite 504:524 a nano-sized goethite 504:524 The iron (oxyhydr)oxide phase has been identified as a nano-sized goethite, well dispersed in the chitosan matrix, leading to the name 'chitosan goethite bionanocomposite' (CGB). 27240296 3 60 theme oxyhydr 461:467 arg1 phase 475:479 The iron (oxyhydr)oxide phase 451:479 The iron (oxyhydr)oxide phase 451:479 The iron (oxyhydr)oxide phase has been identified as a nano-sized goethite, well dispersed in the chitosan matrix, leading to the name 'chitosan goethite bionanocomposite' (CGB). 27240296 8 61 theme route 1419:1423 arg1 advantages 1336:1345 the advantages 1332:1345 the advantages of the low-cost of raw materials required, and facile (green) synthesis route 1332:1423 When considered in combination with the advantages of the low-cost of raw materials required, and facile (green) synthesis route, CGB is a promising material for arsenic remediation, particularly in developing countries, which suffer a diversity of socio-economical-traditional constraints for water purification and sanitation. 27240296 6 62 theme μXRF 1027:1030 arg1 analysis 1032:1039 μXRF analysis 1027:1039 μXRF analysis of CGB bead sections 1027:1060 Kinetic studies and μXRF analysis of CGB bead sections show that diffusion-adsorption of As(V) into CGB beads is faster than for As(III). 27240296 4 63 theme adsorption 819:828 arg1 capacity 830:837 the high adsorption capacity 810:837 the high adsorption capacity of nanoparticles to be realized 810:869 The CGB material is prepared in the form of beads of high density and excellent compression strength; the embedding of the goethite nanoparticles in the chitosan matrix allows for the high adsorption capacity of nanoparticles to be realized. 27240296 6 64 theme CGB 1044:1046 arg1 sections 1053:1060 CGB bead sections 1044:1060 CGB bead sections 1044:1060 Kinetic studies and μXRF analysis of CGB bead sections show that diffusion-adsorption of As(V) into CGB beads is faster than for As(III). 27240296 4 65 theme excellent 700:708 arg1 strength 722:729 excellent compression strength 700:729 excellent compression strength 700:729 The CGB material is prepared in the form of beads of high density and excellent compression strength; the embedding of the goethite nanoparticles in the chitosan matrix allows for the high adsorption capacity of nanoparticles to be realized. 27240296 7 66 theme high-arsenic 1172:1183 arg1 0.5 mg-As/L 1192:1202 0.5 mg-As/L 1192:1202 0.5 mg-As/L 1192:1202 Using CGB beads, synthetic high-arsenic water (0.5 mg-As/L) could be purified to world drinking standard level (<0.01 mg-As/L) using only 1.4 g/L CGB. 27240296 7 66 theme high-arsenic 1172:1183 arg1 water 1185:1189 synthetic high-arsenic water 1162:1189 synthetic high-arsenic water (0.5 mg-As/L) 1162:1203 Using CGB beads, synthetic high-arsenic water (0.5 mg-As/L) could be purified to world drinking standard level (<0.01 mg-As/L) using only 1.4 g/L CGB. 27240296 3 67 theme nano-sized 506:515 arg1 goethite 517:524 a nano-sized goethite 504:524 a nano-sized goethite 504:524 The iron (oxyhydr)oxide phase has been identified as a nano-sized goethite, well dispersed in the chitosan matrix, leading to the name 'chitosan goethite bionanocomposite' (CGB). 27240296 3 67 theme nano-sized 506:515 arg1 phase 475:479 The iron (oxyhydr)oxide phase 451:479 The iron (oxyhydr)oxide phase 451:479 The iron (oxyhydr)oxide phase has been identified as a nano-sized goethite, well dispersed in the chitosan matrix, leading to the name 'chitosan goethite bionanocomposite' (CGB). 27240296 4 68 theme density 688:694 arg1 beads 674:678 beads 674:678 beads of high density and excellent compression strength 674:729 The CGB material is prepared in the form of beads of high density and excellent compression strength; the embedding of the goethite nanoparticles in the chitosan matrix allows for the high adsorption capacity of nanoparticles to be realized. 27240296 3 69 theme goethite 596:603 arg1 bionanocomposite 605:620 the name 'chitosan goethite bionanocomposite' 577:621 the name 'chitosan goethite bionanocomposite' (CGB) 577:627 The iron (oxyhydr)oxide phase has been identified as a nano-sized goethite, well dispersed in the chitosan matrix, leading to the name 'chitosan goethite bionanocomposite' (CGB). 27240296 3 69 theme goethite 596:603 arg1 CGB 624:626 CGB 624:626 CGB 624:626 The iron (oxyhydr)oxide phase has been identified as a nano-sized goethite, well dispersed in the chitosan matrix, leading to the name 'chitosan goethite bionanocomposite' (CGB). 27240296 2 70 theme FE-SEM 249:254 arg1 techniques 322:331 FE-SEM, Mössbauer spectroscopy, ICP-OES and synchrotron (Bulk XAS, μXRF) techniques 249:331 FE-SEM, Mössbauer spectroscopy, ICP-OES and synchrotron (Bulk XAS, μXRF) techniques 249:331 FE-SEM, Mössbauer spectroscopy, ICP-OES and synchrotron (Bulk XAS, μXRF) techniques were applied to determine the composition of the new material and investigate the As uptake efficiency and mechanism. 27240296 3 71 theme iron 455:458 arg1 goethite 517:524 a nano-sized goethite 504:524 a nano-sized goethite 504:524 The iron (oxyhydr)oxide phase has been identified as a nano-sized goethite, well dispersed in the chitosan matrix, leading to the name 'chitosan goethite bionanocomposite' (CGB). 27240296 3 71 theme iron 455:458 arg1 phase 475:479 The iron (oxyhydr)oxide phase 451:479 The iron (oxyhydr)oxide phase 451:479 The iron (oxyhydr)oxide phase has been identified as a nano-sized goethite, well dispersed in the chitosan matrix, leading to the name 'chitosan goethite bionanocomposite' (CGB). 27240296 8 72 theme materials 1370:1378 arg1 low-cost 1354:1361 low-cost 1354:1361 low-cost 1354:1361 When considered in combination with the advantages of the low-cost of raw materials required, and facile (green) synthesis route, CGB is a promising material for arsenic remediation, particularly in developing countries, which suffer a diversity of socio-economical-traditional constraints for water purification and sanitation. 27240296 8 73 theme promising 1435:1443 arg1 CGB 1426:1428 CGB 1426:1428 CGB 1426:1428 When considered in combination with the advantages of the low-cost of raw materials required, and facile (green) synthesis route, CGB is a promising material for arsenic remediation, particularly in developing countries, which suffer a diversity of socio-economical-traditional constraints for water purification and sanitation. 27240296 8 73 theme promising 1435:1443 arg1 material 1445:1452 a promising material 1433:1452 a promising material 1433:1452 When considered in combination with the advantages of the low-cost of raw materials required, and facile (green) synthesis route, CGB is a promising material for arsenic remediation, particularly in developing countries, which suffer a diversity of socio-economical-traditional constraints for water purification and sanitation. 27240296 7 74 theme 1.4 g/L 1283:1289 arg1 CGB 1291:1293 only 1.4 g/L CGB 1278:1293 only 1.4 g/L CGB 1278:1293 Using CGB beads, synthetic high-arsenic water (0.5 mg-As/L) could be purified to world drinking standard level (<0.01 mg-As/L) using only 1.4 g/L CGB. 27240296 4 75 theme strength 722:729 arg1 beads 674:678 beads 674:678 beads of high density and excellent compression strength 674:729 The CGB material is prepared in the form of beads of high density and excellent compression strength; the embedding of the goethite nanoparticles in the chitosan matrix allows for the high adsorption capacity of nanoparticles to be realized. 27240296 8 76 with combination 1315:1325 arg1 advantages 1336:1345 the advantages 1332:1345 the advantages of the low-cost of raw materials required, and facile (green) synthesis route 1332:1423 When considered in combination with the advantages of the low-cost of raw materials required, and facile (green) synthesis route, CGB is a promising material for arsenic remediation, particularly in developing countries, which suffer a diversity of socio-economical-traditional constraints for water purification and sanitation. 27240296 1 77 theme novel 133:137 arg1 chitosan 139:146 novel chitosan 133:146 novel chitosan 133:146 We report on the synthesis and As adsorption properties of a novel chitosan - iron (oxyhydr)oxide composite material for the remediation of arsenic-contaminated water supplies. 27240296 6 78 theme Kinetic 1007:1013 arg1 studies 1015:1021 Kinetic studies 1007:1021 Kinetic studies 1007:1021 Kinetic studies and μXRF analysis of CGB bead sections show that diffusion-adsorption of As(V) into CGB beads is faster than for As(III). 27240296 1 79 theme arsenic-contaminated 212:231 arg1 supplies 239:246 arsenic-contaminated water supplies 212:246 arsenic-contaminated water supplies 212:246 We report on the synthesis and As adsorption properties of a novel chitosan - iron (oxyhydr)oxide composite material for the remediation of arsenic-contaminated water supplies. 27240296 4 80 theme compression 710:720 arg1 strength 722:729 excellent compression strength 700:729 excellent compression strength 700:729 The CGB material is prepared in the form of beads of high density and excellent compression strength; the embedding of the goethite nanoparticles in the chitosan matrix allows for the high adsorption capacity of nanoparticles to be realized. 27240296 8 81 theme constraints 1574:1584 arg1 diversity 1532:1540 a diversity 1530:1540 a diversity of socio-economical-traditional constraints for water purification and sanitation 1530:1622 When considered in combination with the advantages of the low-cost of raw materials required, and facile (green) synthesis route, CGB is a promising material for arsenic remediation, particularly in developing countries, which suffer a diversity of socio-economical-traditional constraints for water purification and sanitation. 27240296 1 82 theme chitosan 139:146 arg1 synthesis 89:97 synthesis 89:97 synthesis 89:97 We report on the synthesis and As adsorption properties of a novel chitosan - iron (oxyhydr)oxide composite material for the remediation of arsenic-contaminated water supplies. 27240296 1 82 theme chitosan 139:146 arg1 properties 117:126 As adsorption properties 103:126 As adsorption properties 103:126 We report on the synthesis and As adsorption properties of a novel chitosan - iron (oxyhydr)oxide composite material for the remediation of arsenic-contaminated water supplies. 27240296 1 83 theme water 233:237 arg1 supplies 239:246 arsenic-contaminated water supplies 212:246 arsenic-contaminated water supplies 212:246 We report on the synthesis and As adsorption properties of a novel chitosan - iron (oxyhydr)oxide composite material for the remediation of arsenic-contaminated water supplies. 25914036 0 0 theme transcriptional 60:74 arg1 profiles 76:83 mucosal transcriptional profiles 52:83 mucosal transcriptional profiles 52:83 Comparison of the effects of five dietary fibers on mucosal transcriptional profiles, and luminal microbiota composition and SCFA concentrations in murine colon. 25914036 1 1 theme luminal 310:316 arg1 composition 329:339 luminal microbiota composition 310:339 luminal microbiota composition 310:339 SCOPE The aim of our study was to investigate and compare the effects of five fibers on the mucosal transcriptome, together with alterations in the luminal microbiota composition and SCFA concentrations in the colon. 25914036 1 2 from alterations 291:301 arg1 composition 329:339 luminal microbiota composition 310:339 luminal microbiota composition 310:339 SCOPE The aim of our study was to investigate and compare the effects of five fibers on the mucosal transcriptome, together with alterations in the luminal microbiota composition and SCFA concentrations in the colon. 25914036 1 2 from alterations 291:301 arg1 concentrations 350:363 SCFA concentrations 345:363 SCFA concentrations 345:363 SCOPE The aim of our study was to investigate and compare the effects of five fibers on the mucosal transcriptome, together with alterations in the luminal microbiota composition and SCFA concentrations in the colon. 25914036 5 3 theme Consistent 875:884 arg1 associations 886:897 Consistent associations 875:897 Consistent associations 875:897 Consistent associations were revealed between fiber-induced enrichment of Clostridium cluster IV and XIVa representatives, and changes in mucosal expression of genes related to energy metabolism. 25914036 7 4 theme exploratory 1195:1205 arg1 study 1207:1211 this exploratory study 1190:1211 this exploratory study 1190:1211 CONCLUSION Results of this exploratory study suggest that despite different sources and composition, fermentable fibers induce a highly similar mucosal response that may at least be partially governed by PPAR-γ. 25914036 1 5 theme microbiota 318:327 arg1 composition 329:339 luminal microbiota composition 310:339 luminal microbiota composition 310:339 SCOPE The aim of our study was to investigate and compare the effects of five fibers on the mucosal transcriptome, together with alterations in the luminal microbiota composition and SCFA concentrations in the colon. 25914036 6 6 theme responses 1157:1165 arg1 regulator 1132:1140 an important regulator 1119:1140 an important regulator of the mucosal responses 1119:1165 The nuclear receptor PPAR-γ was predicted to be an important regulator of the mucosal responses. 25914036 6 6 theme responses 1157:1165 arg1 PPAR-γ 1092:1097 The nuclear receptor PPAR-γ 1071:1097 The nuclear receptor PPAR-γ 1071:1097 The nuclear receptor PPAR-γ was predicted to be an important regulator of the mucosal responses. 25914036 3 7 theme expression 506:515 arg1 profiles 517:524 Colonic gene expression profiles 493:524 Colonic gene expression profiles 493:524 Colonic gene expression profiles and luminal microbiota composition were determined by microarray techniques, and integrated using multivariate statistics. 25914036 4 8 dep host 692:695 arg1 the 688:690 the 688:690 the 688:690 Our data showed a distinct reaction of the host and microbiota to resistant starch, a fiber that was not completely fermented in the colon, whereas the other fibers induced similar responses on gene expression and microbiota. 25914036 5 9 theme fiber-induced 921:933 arg1 enrichment 935:944 fiber-induced enrichment 921:944 fiber-induced enrichment of Clostridium cluster IV and XIVa representatives 921:995 Consistent associations were revealed between fiber-induced enrichment of Clostridium cluster IV and XIVa representatives, and changes in mucosal expression of genes related to energy metabolism. 25914036 4 10 theme gene 843:846 arg1 expression 848:857 gene expression 843:857 gene expression 843:857 Our data showed a distinct reaction of the host and microbiota to resistant starch, a fiber that was not completely fermented in the colon, whereas the other fibers induced similar responses on gene expression and microbiota. 25914036 1 11 theme fibers 240:245 arg1 effects 224:230 the effects 220:230 the effects of five fibers on the mucosal transcriptome 220:274 SCOPE The aim of our study was to investigate and compare the effects of five fibers on the mucosal transcriptome, together with alterations in the luminal microbiota composition and SCFA concentrations in the colon. 25914036 0 12 theme microbiota 98:107 arg1 composition 109:119 luminal microbiota composition 90:119 luminal microbiota composition 90:119 Comparison of the effects of five dietary fibers on mucosal transcriptional profiles, and luminal microbiota composition and SCFA concentrations in murine colon. 25914036 2 13 theme RESULTS 391:397 arg1 Mice 399:402 METHODS AND RESULTS Mice 379:402 METHODS AND RESULTS Mice 379:402 METHODS AND RESULTS Mice were fed fibers that differed in carbohydrate composition or a control diet for 10 days. 25914036 3 14 theme Colonic 493:499 arg1 profiles 517:524 Colonic gene expression profiles 493:524 Colonic gene expression profiles 493:524 Colonic gene expression profiles and luminal microbiota composition were determined by microarray techniques, and integrated using multivariate statistics. 25914036 5 15 from changes 1002:1008 arg1 expression 1021:1030 mucosal expression 1013:1030 mucosal expression of genes related to energy metabolism 1013:1068 Consistent associations were revealed between fiber-induced enrichment of Clostridium cluster IV and XIVa representatives, and changes in mucosal expression of genes related to energy metabolism. 25914036 6 16 theme nuclear 1075:1081 arg1 regulator 1132:1140 an important regulator 1119:1140 an important regulator of the mucosal responses 1119:1165 The nuclear receptor PPAR-γ was predicted to be an important regulator of the mucosal responses. 25914036 6 16 theme nuclear 1075:1081 arg1 PPAR-γ 1092:1097 The nuclear receptor PPAR-γ 1071:1097 The nuclear receptor PPAR-γ 1071:1097 The nuclear receptor PPAR-γ was predicted to be an important regulator of the mucosal responses. 25914036 0 17 theme luminal 90:96 arg1 composition 109:119 luminal microbiota composition 90:119 luminal microbiota composition 90:119 Comparison of the effects of five dietary fibers on mucosal transcriptional profiles, and luminal microbiota composition and SCFA concentrations in murine colon. 25914036 1 18 theme SCFA 345:348 arg1 concentrations 350:363 SCFA concentrations 345:363 SCFA concentrations 345:363 SCOPE The aim of our study was to investigate and compare the effects of five fibers on the mucosal transcriptome, together with alterations in the luminal microbiota composition and SCFA concentrations in the colon. 25914036 4 19 theme other 801:805 arg1 fibers 807:812 the other fibers 797:812 the other fibers 797:812 Our data showed a distinct reaction of the host and microbiota to resistant starch, a fiber that was not completely fermented in the colon, whereas the other fibers induced similar responses on gene expression and microbiota. 25914036 3 20 theme gene 501:504 arg1 profiles 517:524 Colonic gene expression profiles 493:524 Colonic gene expression profiles 493:524 Colonic gene expression profiles and luminal microbiota composition were determined by microarray techniques, and integrated using multivariate statistics. 25914036 6 21 theme receptor 1083:1090 arg1 regulator 1132:1140 an important regulator 1119:1140 an important regulator of the mucosal responses 1119:1165 The nuclear receptor PPAR-γ was predicted to be an important regulator of the mucosal responses. 25914036 6 21 theme receptor 1083:1090 arg1 PPAR-γ 1092:1097 The nuclear receptor PPAR-γ 1071:1097 The nuclear receptor PPAR-γ 1071:1097 The nuclear receptor PPAR-γ was predicted to be an important regulator of the mucosal responses. 25914036 7 22 theme different 1234:1242 arg1 sources 1244:1250 different sources 1234:1250 different sources 1234:1250 CONCLUSION Results of this exploratory study suggest that despite different sources and composition, fermentable fibers induce a highly similar mucosal response that may at least be partially governed by PPAR-γ. 25914036 5 23 theme mucosal 1013:1019 arg1 expression 1021:1030 mucosal expression 1013:1030 mucosal expression of genes related to energy metabolism 1013:1068 Consistent associations were revealed between fiber-induced enrichment of Clostridium cluster IV and XIVa representatives, and changes in mucosal expression of genes related to energy metabolism. 25914036 6 24 theme mucosal 1149:1155 arg1 responses 1157:1165 the mucosal responses 1145:1165 the mucosal responses 1145:1165 The nuclear receptor PPAR-γ was predicted to be an important regulator of the mucosal responses. 25914036 4 25 theme similar 822:828 arg1 responses 830:838 similar responses 822:838 similar responses 822:838 Our data showed a distinct reaction of the host and microbiota to resistant starch, a fiber that was not completely fermented in the colon, whereas the other fibers induced similar responses on gene expression and microbiota. 25914036 3 26 theme microbiota 538:547 arg1 composition 549:559 luminal microbiota composition 530:559 luminal microbiota composition 530:559 Colonic gene expression profiles and luminal microbiota composition were determined by microarray techniques, and integrated using multivariate statistics. 25914036 7 27 theme CONCLUSION 1168:1177 arg1 Results 1179:1185 CONCLUSION Results 1168:1185 CONCLUSION Results of this exploratory study 1168:1211 CONCLUSION Results of this exploratory study suggest that despite different sources and composition, fermentable fibers induce a highly similar mucosal response that may at least be partially governed by PPAR-γ. 25914036 1 28 from concentrations 350:363 arg1 colon 372:376 the colon 368:376 the colon 368:376 SCOPE The aim of our study was to investigate and compare the effects of five fibers on the mucosal transcriptome, together with alterations in the luminal microbiota composition and SCFA concentrations in the colon. 25914036 4 29 theme resistant 715:723 arg1 starch 725:730 resistant starch 715:730 resistant starch 715:730 Our data showed a distinct reaction of the host and microbiota to resistant starch, a fiber that was not completely fermented in the colon, whereas the other fibers induced similar responses on gene expression and microbiota. 25914036 4 29 theme resistant 715:723 arg1 fiber 735:739 a fiber 733:739 a fiber that was not completely fermented in the colon, whereas the other fibers induced similar responses on gene expression and microbiota 733:872 Our data showed a distinct reaction of the host and microbiota to resistant starch, a fiber that was not completely fermented in the colon, whereas the other fibers induced similar responses on gene expression and microbiota. 25914036 0 30 theme dietary 34:40 arg1 fibers 42:47 five dietary fibers 29:47 five dietary fibers 29:47 Comparison of the effects of five dietary fibers on mucosal transcriptional profiles, and luminal microbiota composition and SCFA concentrations in murine colon. 25914036 1 31 from composition 329:339 arg1 colon 372:376 the colon 368:376 the colon 368:376 SCOPE The aim of our study was to investigate and compare the effects of five fibers on the mucosal transcriptome, together with alterations in the luminal microbiota composition and SCFA concentrations in the colon. 25914036 7 32 theme mucosal 1312:1318 arg1 response 1320:1327 a highly similar mucosal response 1295:1327 a highly similar mucosal response that may at least be partially governed by PPAR-γ 1295:1377 CONCLUSION Results of this exploratory study suggest that despite different sources and composition, fermentable fibers induce a highly similar mucosal response that may at least be partially governed by PPAR-γ. 25914036 1 33 theme mucosal 254:260 arg1 transcriptome 262:274 the mucosal transcriptome 250:274 the mucosal transcriptome 250:274 SCOPE The aim of our study was to investigate and compare the effects of five fibers on the mucosal transcriptome, together with alterations in the luminal microbiota composition and SCFA concentrations in the colon. 25914036 0 34 from profiles 76:83 arg1 Comparison 0:9 Comparison 0:9 Comparison of the effects of five dietary fibers on mucosal transcriptional profiles 0:83 Comparison of the effects of five dietary fibers on mucosal transcriptional profiles, and luminal microbiota composition and SCFA concentrations in murine colon. 25914036 0 34 from profiles 76:83 arg1 concentrations 130:143 SCFA concentrations 125:143 SCFA concentrations 125:143 Comparison of the effects of five dietary fibers on mucosal transcriptional profiles, and luminal microbiota composition and SCFA concentrations in murine colon. 25914036 0 34 from profiles 76:83 arg1 composition 109:119 luminal microbiota composition 90:119 luminal microbiota composition 90:119 Comparison of the effects of five dietary fibers on mucosal transcriptional profiles, and luminal microbiota composition and SCFA concentrations in murine colon. 25914036 3 35 theme luminal 530:536 arg1 composition 549:559 luminal microbiota composition 530:559 luminal microbiota composition 530:559 Colonic gene expression profiles and luminal microbiota composition were determined by microarray techniques, and integrated using multivariate statistics. 25914036 1 36 theme study 183:187 arg1 aim 172:174 The aim 168:174 The aim of our study 168:187 SCOPE The aim of our study was to investigate and compare the effects of five fibers on the mucosal transcriptome, together with alterations in the luminal microbiota composition and SCFA concentrations in the colon. 25914036 7 37 theme similar 1304:1310 arg1 response 1320:1327 a highly similar mucosal response 1295:1327 a highly similar mucosal response that may at least be partially governed by PPAR-γ 1295:1377 CONCLUSION Results of this exploratory study suggest that despite different sources and composition, fermentable fibers induce a highly similar mucosal response that may at least be partially governed by PPAR-γ. 25914036 1 38 from effects 224:230 arg1 transcriptome 262:274 the mucosal transcriptome 250:274 the mucosal transcriptome 250:274 SCOPE The aim of our study was to investigate and compare the effects of five fibers on the mucosal transcriptome, together with alterations in the luminal microbiota composition and SCFA concentrations in the colon. 25914036 2 39 theme carbohydrate 437:448 arg1 composition 450:460 carbohydrate composition 437:460 carbohydrate composition 437:460 METHODS AND RESULTS Mice were fed fibers that differed in carbohydrate composition or a control diet for 10 days. 25914036 0 40 theme SCFA 125:128 arg1 concentrations 130:143 SCFA concentrations 125:143 SCFA concentrations 125:143 Comparison of the effects of five dietary fibers on mucosal transcriptional profiles, and luminal microbiota composition and SCFA concentrations in murine colon. 25914036 0 41 theme effects 18:24 arg1 Comparison 0:9 Comparison 0:9 Comparison of the effects of five dietary fibers on mucosal transcriptional profiles 0:83 Comparison of the effects of five dietary fibers on mucosal transcriptional profiles, and luminal microbiota composition and SCFA concentrations in murine colon. 25914036 0 41 theme effects 18:24 arg1 concentrations 130:143 SCFA concentrations 125:143 SCFA concentrations 125:143 Comparison of the effects of five dietary fibers on mucosal transcriptional profiles, and luminal microbiota composition and SCFA concentrations in murine colon. 25914036 0 41 theme effects 18:24 arg1 composition 109:119 luminal microbiota composition 90:119 luminal microbiota composition 90:119 Comparison of the effects of five dietary fibers on mucosal transcriptional profiles, and luminal microbiota composition and SCFA concentrations in murine colon. 25914036 2 42 theme METHODS 379:385 arg1 Mice 399:402 METHODS AND RESULTS Mice 379:402 METHODS AND RESULTS Mice 379:402 METHODS AND RESULTS Mice were fed fibers that differed in carbohydrate composition or a control diet for 10 days. 25914036 0 43 theme fibers 42:47 arg1 effects 18:24 the effects 14:24 the effects of five dietary fibers on mucosal transcriptional profiles 14:83 Comparison of the effects of five dietary fibers on mucosal transcriptional profiles, and luminal microbiota composition and SCFA concentrations in murine colon. 25914036 0 44 theme murine 148:153 arg1 colon 155:159 murine colon 148:159 murine colon 148:159 Comparison of the effects of five dietary fibers on mucosal transcriptional profiles, and luminal microbiota composition and SCFA concentrations in murine colon. 25914036 3 45 theme multivariate 624:635 arg1 statistics 637:646 multivariate statistics 624:646 multivariate statistics 624:646 Colonic gene expression profiles and luminal microbiota composition were determined by microarray techniques, and integrated using multivariate statistics. 25914036 1 46 dep SCOPE 162:166 arg1 was 189:191 was 189:191 was to investigate and compare the effects of five fibers on the mucosal transcriptome, together with alterations in the luminal microbiota composition and SCFA concentrations in the colon 189:376 SCOPE The aim of our study was to investigate and compare the effects of five fibers on the mucosal transcriptome, together with alterations in the luminal microbiota composition and SCFA concentrations in the colon. 25914036 6 47 theme important 1122:1130 arg1 regulator 1132:1140 an important regulator 1119:1140 an important regulator of the mucosal responses 1119:1165 The nuclear receptor PPAR-γ was predicted to be an important regulator of the mucosal responses. 25914036 6 47 theme important 1122:1130 arg1 PPAR-γ 1092:1097 The nuclear receptor PPAR-γ 1071:1097 The nuclear receptor PPAR-γ 1071:1097 The nuclear receptor PPAR-γ was predicted to be an important regulator of the mucosal responses. 25914036 0 48 from Comparison 0:9 arg1 profiles 76:83 mucosal transcriptional profiles 52:83 mucosal transcriptional profiles 52:83 Comparison of the effects of five dietary fibers on mucosal transcriptional profiles, and luminal microbiota composition and SCFA concentrations in murine colon. 25914036 0 48 from Comparison 0:9 arg1 colon 155:159 murine colon 148:159 murine colon 148:159 Comparison of the effects of five dietary fibers on mucosal transcriptional profiles, and luminal microbiota composition and SCFA concentrations in murine colon. 25914036 1 49 dep composition 329:339 arg1 the 306:308 the 306:308 the 306:308 SCOPE The aim of our study was to investigate and compare the effects of five fibers on the mucosal transcriptome, together with alterations in the luminal microbiota composition and SCFA concentrations in the colon. 25914036 5 50 theme genes 1035:1039 arg1 expression 1021:1030 mucosal expression 1013:1030 mucosal expression of genes related to energy metabolism 1013:1068 Consistent associations were revealed between fiber-induced enrichment of Clostridium cluster IV and XIVa representatives, and changes in mucosal expression of genes related to energy metabolism. 25914036 7 51 theme study 1207:1211 arg1 Results 1179:1185 CONCLUSION Results 1168:1185 CONCLUSION Results of this exploratory study 1168:1211 CONCLUSION Results of this exploratory study suggest that despite different sources and composition, fermentable fibers induce a highly similar mucosal response that may at least be partially governed by PPAR-γ. 25914036 4 52 theme host 692:695 arg1 reaction 676:683 a distinct reaction 665:683 a distinct reaction of the host and microbiota to resistant starch, a fiber that was not completely fermented in the colon, whereas the other fibers induced similar responses on gene expression and microbiota 665:872 Our data showed a distinct reaction of the host and microbiota to resistant starch, a fiber that was not completely fermented in the colon, whereas the other fibers induced similar responses on gene expression and microbiota. 25914036 5 53 theme related 1041:1047 arg1 genes 1035:1039 genes 1035:1039 genes related to energy metabolism 1035:1068 Consistent associations were revealed between fiber-induced enrichment of Clostridium cluster IV and XIVa representatives, and changes in mucosal expression of genes related to energy metabolism. 25914036 5 54 theme representatives 981:995 arg1 changes 1002:1008 changes 1002:1008 changes in mucosal expression of genes related to energy metabolism 1002:1068 Consistent associations were revealed between fiber-induced enrichment of Clostridium cluster IV and XIVa representatives, and changes in mucosal expression of genes related to energy metabolism. 25914036 5 54 theme representatives 981:995 arg1 enrichment 935:944 fiber-induced enrichment 921:944 fiber-induced enrichment of Clostridium cluster IV and XIVa representatives 921:995 Consistent associations were revealed between fiber-induced enrichment of Clostridium cluster IV and XIVa representatives, and changes in mucosal expression of genes related to energy metabolism. 25914036 3 55 theme microarray 580:589 arg1 techniques 591:600 microarray techniques 580:600 microarray techniques 580:600 Colonic gene expression profiles and luminal microbiota composition were determined by microarray techniques, and integrated using multivariate statistics. 25914036 7 56 theme fermentable 1269:1279 arg1 fibers 1281:1286 fermentable fibers 1269:1286 fermentable fibers 1269:1286 CONCLUSION Results of this exploratory study suggest that despite different sources and composition, fermentable fibers induce a highly similar mucosal response that may at least be partially governed by PPAR-γ. 25914036 0 57 from concentrations 130:143 arg1 profiles 76:83 mucosal transcriptional profiles 52:83 mucosal transcriptional profiles 52:83 Comparison of the effects of five dietary fibers on mucosal transcriptional profiles, and luminal microbiota composition and SCFA concentrations in murine colon. 25914036 0 57 from concentrations 130:143 arg1 colon 155:159 murine colon 148:159 murine colon 148:159 Comparison of the effects of five dietary fibers on mucosal transcriptional profiles, and luminal microbiota composition and SCFA concentrations in murine colon. 25914036 5 58 theme XIVa 976:979 arg1 representatives 981:995 XIVa representatives 976:995 XIVa representatives 976:995 Consistent associations were revealed between fiber-induced enrichment of Clostridium cluster IV and XIVa representatives, and changes in mucosal expression of genes related to energy metabolism. 25914036 5 59 theme cluster 961:967 arg1 changes 1002:1008 changes 1002:1008 changes in mucosal expression of genes related to energy metabolism 1002:1068 Consistent associations were revealed between fiber-induced enrichment of Clostridium cluster IV and XIVa representatives, and changes in mucosal expression of genes related to energy metabolism. 25914036 5 59 theme cluster 961:967 arg1 enrichment 935:944 fiber-induced enrichment 921:944 fiber-induced enrichment of Clostridium cluster IV and XIVa representatives 921:995 Consistent associations were revealed between fiber-induced enrichment of Clostridium cluster IV and XIVa representatives, and changes in mucosal expression of genes related to energy metabolism. 25914036 4 60 theme microbiota 701:710 arg1 reaction 676:683 a distinct reaction 665:683 a distinct reaction of the host and microbiota to resistant starch, a fiber that was not completely fermented in the colon, whereas the other fibers induced similar responses on gene expression and microbiota 665:872 Our data showed a distinct reaction of the host and microbiota to resistant starch, a fiber that was not completely fermented in the colon, whereas the other fibers induced similar responses on gene expression and microbiota. 25914036 0 61 theme mucosal 52:58 arg1 profiles 76:83 mucosal transcriptional profiles 52:83 mucosal transcriptional profiles 52:83 Comparison of the effects of five dietary fibers on mucosal transcriptional profiles, and luminal microbiota composition and SCFA concentrations in murine colon. 25914036 5 62 theme energy 1052:1057 arg1 metabolism 1059:1068 energy metabolism 1052:1068 energy metabolism 1052:1068 Consistent associations were revealed between fiber-induced enrichment of Clostridium cluster IV and XIVa representatives, and changes in mucosal expression of genes related to energy metabolism. 25914036 5 63 theme Clostridium 949:959 arg1 cluster 961:967 Clostridium cluster IV 949:970 Clostridium cluster IV 949:970 Consistent associations were revealed between fiber-induced enrichment of Clostridium cluster IV and XIVa representatives, and changes in mucosal expression of genes related to energy metabolism. 25914036 5 64 from enrichment 935:944 arg1 expression 1021:1030 mucosal expression 1013:1030 mucosal expression of genes related to energy metabolism 1013:1068 Consistent associations were revealed between fiber-induced enrichment of Clostridium cluster IV and XIVa representatives, and changes in mucosal expression of genes related to energy metabolism. 25914036 2 65 theme control 467:473 arg1 diet 475:478 a control diet 465:478 a control diet for 10 days 465:490 METHODS AND RESULTS Mice were fed fibers that differed in carbohydrate composition or a control diet for 10 days. 25914036 0 66 from effects 18:24 arg1 profiles 76:83 mucosal transcriptional profiles 52:83 mucosal transcriptional profiles 52:83 Comparison of the effects of five dietary fibers on mucosal transcriptional profiles, and luminal microbiota composition and SCFA concentrations in murine colon. 25914036 4 67 theme distinct 667:674 arg1 reaction 676:683 a distinct reaction 665:683 a distinct reaction of the host and microbiota to resistant starch, a fiber that was not completely fermented in the colon, whereas the other fibers induced similar responses on gene expression and microbiota 665:872 Our data showed a distinct reaction of the host and microbiota to resistant starch, a fiber that was not completely fermented in the colon, whereas the other fibers induced similar responses on gene expression and microbiota. 25914036 0 68 from composition 109:119 arg1 profiles 76:83 mucosal transcriptional profiles 52:83 mucosal transcriptional profiles 52:83 Comparison of the effects of five dietary fibers on mucosal transcriptional profiles, and luminal microbiota composition and SCFA concentrations in murine colon. 25914036 0 68 from composition 109:119 arg1 colon 155:159 murine colon 148:159 murine colon 148:159 Comparison of the effects of five dietary fibers on mucosal transcriptional profiles, and luminal microbiota composition and SCFA concentrations in murine colon. 27770895 1 0 with cross-linking 231:243 arg1 ions 258:261 calcium ions 250:261 calcium ions 250:261 Sodium alginate (SA)/halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) composite hydrogels were successfully prepared by solution blending and cross-linking with calcium ions. 27770895 6 1 dep cell 721:724 arg1 growth 726:731 growth 726:731 growth 726:731 A porous structure with pore size of 100-250μm is found in the hydrogels, which can provide a space for cell growth and migration. 27770895 6 1 dep cell 721:724 arg1 migration 737:745 migration 737:745 migration 737:745 A porous structure with pore size of 100-250μm is found in the hydrogels, which can provide a space for cell growth and migration. 27770895 10 2 theme endothermic 1182:1192 arg1 area 1199:1202 endothermic peak area 1182:1202 endothermic peak area 1182:1202 The differential scanning calorimetry endothermic peak area and swelling ratios in NaCl solution of the composite hydrogels decrease by the addition of HNTs. 27770895 8 3 theme % 956:956 arg1 strain 958:963 80% strain 954:963 80% strain of 2.99MPa 954:974 The SA/HNTs composite hydrogels with 80% HNTs loading exhibit the compressive stress at 80% strain of 2.99MPa, while the stress at 80% strain of pure SA hydrogel is only 0.8MPa. 27770895 11 4 theme SA 1505:1506 arg1 hydrogel 1508:1515 the pure SA hydrogel 1496:1515 the pure SA hydrogel 1496:1515 Preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) culture results reveal that the SA/HNTs composites especially at relatively low HNTs loading show a significant increase in cells adhesion and proliferation compared to the pure SA hydrogel. 27770895 2 5 theme physical 285:292 arg1 properties 294:303 the physical properties 281:303 the physical properties 281:303 HNTs can improve the physical properties and cytocompatibility of composite hydrogels. 27770895 7 6 theme SA 853:854 arg1 hydrogel 856:863 the pure SA hydrogel 844:863 the pure SA hydrogel 844:863 The compressive mechanical properties of composite hydrogels significantly increase compared to the pure SA hydrogel. 27770895 10 7 theme scanning 1161:1168 arg1 calorimetry 1170:1180 The differential scanning calorimetry endothermic peak area and swelling ratios 1144:1222 calorimetry 1170:1180 The differential scanning calorimetry endothermic peak area and swelling ratios in NaCl solution of the composite hydrogels decrease by the addition of HNTs. 27770895 10 8 from ratios 1217:1222 arg1 solution 1232:1239 NaCl solution 1227:1239 NaCl solution of the composite hydrogels 1227:1266 The differential scanning calorimetry endothermic peak area and swelling ratios in NaCl solution of the composite hydrogels decrease by the addition of HNTs. 27770895 12 9 theme promising 1590:1598 arg1 application 1600:1610 a promising application 1588:1610 a promising application in bone tissue engineering 1588:1637 All the results demonstrate that the SA/HNTs composite hydrogels show a promising application in bone tissue engineering. 27770895 4 10 theme hydrogen 466:473 arg1 interactions 480:491 hydrogen bond interactions 466:491 hydrogen bond interactions between HNTs and SA 466:511 FTIR suggests the presence of hydrogen bond interactions between HNTs and SA. 27770895 12 11 theme composite 1563:1571 arg1 hydrogels 1573:1581 the SA/HNTs composite hydrogels 1551:1581 the SA/HNTs composite hydrogels 1551:1581 All the results demonstrate that the SA/HNTs composite hydrogels show a promising application in bone tissue engineering. 27770895 10 12 theme swelling 1208:1215 arg1 ratios 1217:1222 swelling ratios 1208:1222 swelling ratios 1208:1222 The differential scanning calorimetry endothermic peak area and swelling ratios in NaCl solution of the composite hydrogels decrease by the addition of HNTs. 27770895 12 13 theme tissue 1620:1625 arg1 engineering 1627:1637 bone tissue engineering 1615:1637 bone tissue engineering 1615:1637 All the results demonstrate that the SA/HNTs composite hydrogels show a promising application in bone tissue engineering. 27770895 1 14 theme /halloysite 130:140 arg1 hydrogels 169:177 Sodium alginate (SA)/halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) composite hydrogels 110:177 Sodium alginate (SA)/halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) composite hydrogels 110:177 Sodium alginate (SA)/halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) composite hydrogels were successfully prepared by solution blending and cross-linking with calcium ions. 27770895 6 15 theme pore 641:644 arg1 size 646:649 pore size 641:649 pore size of 100-250μm 641:662 A porous structure with pore size of 100-250μm is found in the hydrogels, which can provide a space for cell growth and migration. 27770895 5 16 theme HNTs 539:542 arg1 structure 526:534 The crystal structure 514:534 The crystal structure of HNTs 514:542 The crystal structure of HNTs is retained in the composites as showed by the X-ray diffraction result. 27770895 11 17 theme pure 1500:1503 arg1 hydrogel 1508:1515 the pure SA hydrogel 1496:1515 the pure SA hydrogel 1496:1515 Preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) culture results reveal that the SA/HNTs composites especially at relatively low HNTs loading show a significant increase in cells adhesion and proliferation compared to the pure SA hydrogel. 27770895 0 18 theme alginate 80:87 arg1 hydrogels 99:107 alginate composite hydrogels 80:107 alginate composite hydrogels 80:107 Effects of halloysite nanotubes on physical properties and cytocompatibility of alginate composite hydrogels. 27770895 5 19 theme X-ray 591:595 arg1 diffraction 597:607 the X-ray diffraction 587:607 the X-ray diffraction result 587:614 The crystal structure of HNTs is retained in the composites as showed by the X-ray diffraction result. 27770895 0 20 from Effects 0:6 arg1 cytocompatibility 59:75 cytocompatibility 59:75 cytocompatibility of alginate composite hydrogels 59:107 Effects of halloysite nanotubes on physical properties and cytocompatibility of alginate composite hydrogels. 27770895 0 20 from Effects 0:6 arg1 properties 44:53 physical properties 35:53 physical properties 35:53 Effects of halloysite nanotubes on physical properties and cytocompatibility of alginate composite hydrogels. 27770895 0 21 theme hydrogels 99:107 arg1 cytocompatibility 59:75 cytocompatibility 59:75 cytocompatibility of alginate composite hydrogels 59:107 Effects of halloysite nanotubes on physical properties and cytocompatibility of alginate composite hydrogels. 27770895 0 21 theme hydrogels 99:107 arg1 properties 44:53 physical properties 35:53 physical properties 35:53 Effects of halloysite nanotubes on physical properties and cytocompatibility of alginate composite hydrogels. 27770895 8 22 theme % 999:999 arg1 strain 1001:1006 80% strain 997:1006 80% strain of pure SA hydrogel 997:1026 The SA/HNTs composite hydrogels with 80% HNTs loading exhibit the compressive stress at 80% strain of 2.99MPa, while the stress at 80% strain of pure SA hydrogel is only 0.8MPa. 27770895 4 23 theme interactions 480:491 arg1 presence 454:461 the presence 450:461 the presence of hydrogen bond interactions between HNTs and SA 450:511 FTIR suggests the presence of hydrogen bond interactions between HNTs and SA. 27770895 10 24 theme hydrogels 1258:1266 arg1 solution 1232:1239 NaCl solution 1227:1239 NaCl solution of the composite hydrogels 1227:1266 The differential scanning calorimetry endothermic peak area and swelling ratios in NaCl solution of the composite hydrogels decrease by the addition of HNTs. 27770895 8 25 theme composite 878:886 arg1 hydrogels 888:896 The SA/HNTs composite hydrogels 866:896 The SA/HNTs composite hydrogels with 80% HNTs loading 866:918 The SA/HNTs composite hydrogels with 80% HNTs loading exhibit the compressive stress at 80% strain of 2.99MPa, while the stress at 80% strain of pure SA hydrogel is only 0.8MPa. 27770895 11 26 theme HNTs 1407:1410 arg1 loading 1412:1418 relatively low HNTs loading 1392:1418 relatively low HNTs loading 1392:1418 Preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) culture results reveal that the SA/HNTs composites especially at relatively low HNTs loading show a significant increase in cells adhesion and proliferation compared to the pure SA hydrogel. 27770895 7 27 theme composite 789:797 arg1 hydrogels 799:807 composite hydrogels 789:807 composite hydrogels 789:807 The compressive mechanical properties of composite hydrogels significantly increase compared to the pure SA hydrogel. 27770895 8 28 theme SA 1016:1017 arg1 hydrogel 1019:1026 pure SA hydrogel 1011:1026 pure SA hydrogel 1011:1026 The SA/HNTs composite hydrogels with 80% HNTs loading exhibit the compressive stress at 80% strain of 2.99MPa, while the stress at 80% strain of pure SA hydrogel is only 0.8MPa. 27770895 12 29 theme bone 1615:1618 arg1 engineering 1627:1637 bone tissue engineering 1615:1637 bone tissue engineering 1615:1637 All the results demonstrate that the SA/HNTs composite hydrogels show a promising application in bone tissue engineering. 27770895 3 30 theme SA/HNTs 385:391 arg1 solution 393:400 SA/HNTs solution 385:400 SA/HNTs solution 385:400 The static and shear viscosity of SA/HNTs solution increase by the addition of HNTs. 27770895 9 31 theme dynamic 1048:1054 arg1 modulus 1064:1070 The dynamic storage modulus 1044:1070 The dynamic storage modulus of composite hydrogels 1044:1093 The dynamic storage modulus of composite hydrogels also markedly increases with HNTs concentration. 27770895 0 32 theme halloysite 11:20 arg1 nanotubes 22:30 halloysite nanotubes 11:30 halloysite nanotubes 11:30 Effects of halloysite nanotubes on physical properties and cytocompatibility of alginate composite hydrogels. 27770895 1 33 with blending 218:225 arg1 ions 258:261 calcium ions 250:261 calcium ions 250:261 Sodium alginate (SA)/halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) composite hydrogels were successfully prepared by solution blending and cross-linking with calcium ions. 27770895 10 34 dep calorimetry 1170:1180 arg1 area 1199:1202 endothermic peak area 1182:1202 endothermic peak area 1182:1202 The differential scanning calorimetry endothermic peak area and swelling ratios in NaCl solution of the composite hydrogels decrease by the addition of HNTs. 27770895 1 35 theme alginate 117:124 arg1 hydrogels 169:177 Sodium alginate (SA)/halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) composite hydrogels 110:177 Sodium alginate (SA)/halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) composite hydrogels 110:177 Sodium alginate (SA)/halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) composite hydrogels were successfully prepared by solution blending and cross-linking with calcium ions. 27770895 8 36 theme % 905:905 arg1 loading 912:918 80% HNTs loading 903:918 80% HNTs loading 903:918 The SA/HNTs composite hydrogels with 80% HNTs loading exhibit the compressive stress at 80% strain of 2.99MPa, while the stress at 80% strain of pure SA hydrogel is only 0.8MPa. 27770895 11 37 theme significant 1427:1437 arg1 increase 1439:1446 a significant increase 1425:1446 a significant increase in cells adhesion and proliferation 1425:1482 Preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) culture results reveal that the SA/HNTs composites especially at relatively low HNTs loading show a significant increase in cells adhesion and proliferation compared to the pure SA hydrogel. 27770895 7 38 theme compressive 752:762 arg1 properties 775:784 The compressive mechanical properties 748:784 The compressive mechanical properties of composite hydrogels 748:807 The compressive mechanical properties of composite hydrogels significantly increase compared to the pure SA hydrogel. 27770895 9 39 theme composite 1075:1083 arg1 hydrogels 1085:1093 composite hydrogels 1075:1093 composite hydrogels 1075:1093 The dynamic storage modulus of composite hydrogels also markedly increases with HNTs concentration. 27770895 10 40 theme HNTs 1296:1299 arg1 addition 1284:1291 the addition 1280:1291 the addition of HNTs 1280:1299 The differential scanning calorimetry endothermic peak area and swelling ratios in NaCl solution of the composite hydrogels decrease by the addition of HNTs. 27770895 10 41 theme differential 1148:1159 arg1 calorimetry 1170:1180 The differential scanning calorimetry endothermic peak area and swelling ratios 1144:1222 calorimetry 1170:1180 The differential scanning calorimetry endothermic peak area and swelling ratios in NaCl solution of the composite hydrogels decrease by the addition of HNTs. 27770895 8 42 theme 80 954:955 arg1 % 956:956 % 956:956 % 956:956 The SA/HNTs composite hydrogels with 80% HNTs loading exhibit the compressive stress at 80% strain of 2.99MPa, while the stress at 80% strain of pure SA hydrogel is only 0.8MPa. 27770895 9 43 theme HNTs 1124:1127 arg1 concentration 1129:1141 HNTs concentration 1124:1141 HNTs concentration 1124:1141 The dynamic storage modulus of composite hydrogels also markedly increases with HNTs concentration. 27770895 10 44 theme peak 1194:1197 arg1 area 1199:1202 endothermic peak area 1182:1202 endothermic peak area 1182:1202 The differential scanning calorimetry endothermic peak area and swelling ratios in NaCl solution of the composite hydrogels decrease by the addition of HNTs. 27770895 6 45 located found 667:671 arg1 hydrogels 680:688 the hydrogels 676:688 the hydrogels 676:688 A porous structure with pore size of 100-250μm is found in the hydrogels, which can provide a space for cell growth and migration. 27770895 6 45 located found 667:671 arg2 structure 626:634 A porous structure 617:634 A porous structure with pore size of 100-250μm 617:662 A porous structure with pore size of 100-250μm is found in the hydrogels, which can provide a space for cell growth and migration. 27770895 8 46 theme 2.99MPa 968:974 arg1 strain 958:963 80% strain 954:963 80% strain of 2.99MPa 954:974 The SA/HNTs composite hydrogels with 80% HNTs loading exhibit the compressive stress at 80% strain of 2.99MPa, while the stress at 80% strain of pure SA hydrogel is only 0.8MPa. 27770895 5 47 theme crystal 518:524 arg1 structure 526:534 The crystal structure 514:534 The crystal structure of HNTs 514:542 The crystal structure of HNTs is retained in the composites as showed by the X-ray diffraction result. 27770895 1 48 theme composite 159:167 arg1 hydrogels 169:177 Sodium alginate (SA)/halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) composite hydrogels 110:177 Sodium alginate (SA)/halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) composite hydrogels 110:177 Sodium alginate (SA)/halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) composite hydrogels were successfully prepared by solution blending and cross-linking with calcium ions. 27770895 11 49 theme Preosteoblast 1302:1314 arg1 results 1335:1341 Preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) culture results 1302:1341 Preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) culture results 1302:1341 Preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) culture results reveal that the SA/HNTs composites especially at relatively low HNTs loading show a significant increase in cells adhesion and proliferation compared to the pure SA hydrogel. 27770895 2 50 theme composite 330:338 arg1 hydrogels 340:348 composite hydrogels 330:348 composite hydrogels 330:348 HNTs can improve the physical properties and cytocompatibility of composite hydrogels. 27770895 7 51 theme pure 848:851 arg1 hydrogel 856:863 the pure SA hydrogel 844:863 the pure SA hydrogel 844:863 The compressive mechanical properties of composite hydrogels significantly increase compared to the pure SA hydrogel. 27770895 8 52 from strain 1001:1006 arg1 0.8MPa 1036:1041 0.8MPa 1036:1041 0.8MPa 1036:1041 The SA/HNTs composite hydrogels with 80% HNTs loading exhibit the compressive stress at 80% strain of 2.99MPa, while the stress at 80% strain of pure SA hydrogel is only 0.8MPa. 27770895 8 52 from strain 1001:1006 arg1 stress 987:992 the stress 983:992 the stress at 80% strain of pure SA hydrogel 983:1026 The SA/HNTs composite hydrogels with 80% HNTs loading exhibit the compressive stress at 80% strain of 2.99MPa, while the stress at 80% strain of pure SA hydrogel is only 0.8MPa. 27770895 8 53 with hydrogels 888:896 arg1 loading 912:918 80% HNTs loading 903:918 80% HNTs loading 903:918 The SA/HNTs composite hydrogels with 80% HNTs loading exhibit the compressive stress at 80% strain of 2.99MPa, while the stress at 80% strain of pure SA hydrogel is only 0.8MPa. 27770895 11 54 theme culture 1327:1333 arg1 results 1335:1341 Preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) culture results 1302:1341 Preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) culture results 1302:1341 Preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) culture results reveal that the SA/HNTs composites especially at relatively low HNTs loading show a significant increase in cells adhesion and proliferation compared to the pure SA hydrogel. 27770895 10 55 theme NaCl 1227:1230 arg1 solution 1232:1239 NaCl solution 1227:1239 NaCl solution of the composite hydrogels 1227:1266 The differential scanning calorimetry endothermic peak area and swelling ratios in NaCl solution of the composite hydrogels decrease by the addition of HNTs. 27770895 1 56 theme solution 209:216 arg1 blending 218:225 solution blending 209:225 solution blending 209:225 Sodium alginate (SA)/halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) composite hydrogels were successfully prepared by solution blending and cross-linking with calcium ions. 27770895 12 57 theme SA/HNTs 1555:1561 arg1 hydrogels 1573:1581 the SA/HNTs composite hydrogels 1551:1581 the SA/HNTs composite hydrogels 1551:1581 All the results demonstrate that the SA/HNTs composite hydrogels show a promising application in bone tissue engineering. 27770895 4 58 theme bond 475:478 arg1 interactions 480:491 hydrogen bond interactions 466:491 hydrogen bond interactions between HNTs and SA 466:511 FTIR suggests the presence of hydrogen bond interactions between HNTs and SA. 27770895 11 59 theme MC3T3-E1 1317:1324 arg1 results 1335:1341 Preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) culture results 1302:1341 Preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) culture results 1302:1341 Preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) culture results reveal that the SA/HNTs composites especially at relatively low HNTs loading show a significant increase in cells adhesion and proliferation compared to the pure SA hydrogel. 27770895 10 60 from calorimetry 1170:1180 arg1 solution 1232:1239 NaCl solution 1227:1239 NaCl solution of the composite hydrogels 1227:1266 The differential scanning calorimetry endothermic peak area and swelling ratios in NaCl solution of the composite hydrogels decrease by the addition of HNTs. 27770895 6 61 theme 100-250μm 654:662 arg1 size 646:649 pore size 641:649 pore size of 100-250μm 641:662 A porous structure with pore size of 100-250μm is found in the hydrogels, which can provide a space for cell growth and migration. 27770895 1 62 theme nanotubes 142:150 arg1 hydrogels 169:177 Sodium alginate (SA)/halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) composite hydrogels 110:177 Sodium alginate (SA)/halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) composite hydrogels 110:177 Sodium alginate (SA)/halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) composite hydrogels were successfully prepared by solution blending and cross-linking with calcium ions. 27770895 0 63 theme composite 89:97 arg1 hydrogels 99:107 alginate composite hydrogels 80:107 alginate composite hydrogels 80:107 Effects of halloysite nanotubes on physical properties and cytocompatibility of alginate composite hydrogels. 27770895 8 64 theme 80 997:998 arg1 % 999:999 % 999:999 % 999:999 The SA/HNTs composite hydrogels with 80% HNTs loading exhibit the compressive stress at 80% strain of 2.99MPa, while the stress at 80% strain of pure SA hydrogel is only 0.8MPa. 27770895 1 65 theme HNTs 153:156 arg1 hydrogels 169:177 Sodium alginate (SA)/halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) composite hydrogels 110:177 Sodium alginate (SA)/halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) composite hydrogels 110:177 Sodium alginate (SA)/halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) composite hydrogels were successfully prepared by solution blending and cross-linking with calcium ions. 27770895 11 66 dep cells 1451:1455 arg1 cells 1451:1455 cells adhesion and proliferation 1451:1482 cells adhesion and proliferation 1451:1482 Preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) culture results reveal that the SA/HNTs composites especially at relatively low HNTs loading show a significant increase in cells adhesion and proliferation compared to the pure SA hydrogel. 27770895 11 66 dep cells 1451:1455 arg1 proliferation 1470:1482 proliferation 1470:1482 proliferation 1470:1482 Preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) culture results reveal that the SA/HNTs composites especially at relatively low HNTs loading show a significant increase in cells adhesion and proliferation compared to the pure SA hydrogel. 27770895 11 66 dep cells 1451:1455 arg1 adhesion 1457:1464 adhesion 1457:1464 adhesion 1457:1464 Preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) culture results reveal that the SA/HNTs composites especially at relatively low HNTs loading show a significant increase in cells adhesion and proliferation compared to the pure SA hydrogel. 27770895 6 67 theme porous 619:624 arg1 structure 626:634 A porous structure 617:634 A porous structure with pore size of 100-250μm 617:662 A porous structure with pore size of 100-250μm is found in the hydrogels, which can provide a space for cell growth and migration. 27770895 8 68 theme pure 1011:1014 arg1 hydrogel 1019:1026 pure SA hydrogel 1011:1026 pure SA hydrogel 1011:1026 The SA/HNTs composite hydrogels with 80% HNTs loading exhibit the compressive stress at 80% strain of 2.99MPa, while the stress at 80% strain of pure SA hydrogel is only 0.8MPa. 27770895 3 69 theme shear 366:370 arg1 viscosity 372:380 shear viscosity 366:380 shear viscosity 366:380 The static and shear viscosity of SA/HNTs solution increase by the addition of HNTs. 27770895 11 70 theme low 1403:1405 arg1 loading 1412:1418 relatively low HNTs loading 1392:1418 relatively low HNTs loading 1392:1418 Preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) culture results reveal that the SA/HNTs composites especially at relatively low HNTs loading show a significant increase in cells adhesion and proliferation compared to the pure SA hydrogel. 27770895 8 71 theme hydrogel 1019:1026 arg1 strain 1001:1006 80% strain 997:1006 80% strain of pure SA hydrogel 997:1026 The SA/HNTs composite hydrogels with 80% HNTs loading exhibit the compressive stress at 80% strain of 2.99MPa, while the stress at 80% strain of pure SA hydrogel is only 0.8MPa. 27770895 8 72 theme SA/HNTs 870:876 arg1 hydrogels 888:896 The SA/HNTs composite hydrogels 866:896 The SA/HNTs composite hydrogels with 80% HNTs loading 866:918 The SA/HNTs composite hydrogels with 80% HNTs loading exhibit the compressive stress at 80% strain of 2.99MPa, while the stress at 80% strain of pure SA hydrogel is only 0.8MPa. 27770895 6 73 with structure 626:634 arg1 size 646:649 pore size 641:649 pore size of 100-250μm 641:662 A porous structure with pore size of 100-250μm is found in the hydrogels, which can provide a space for cell growth and migration. 27770895 0 74 theme nanotubes 22:30 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of halloysite nanotubes on physical properties and cytocompatibility of alginate composite hydrogels. 0:108 Effects of halloysite nanotubes on physical properties and cytocompatibility of alginate composite hydrogels. 27770895 7 75 theme hydrogels 799:807 arg1 properties 775:784 The compressive mechanical properties 748:784 The compressive mechanical properties of composite hydrogels 748:807 The compressive mechanical properties of composite hydrogels significantly increase compared to the pure SA hydrogel. 27770895 12 76 from application 1600:1610 arg1 engineering 1627:1637 bone tissue engineering 1615:1637 bone tissue engineering 1615:1637 All the results demonstrate that the SA/HNTs composite hydrogels show a promising application in bone tissue engineering. 27770895 1 77 theme Sodium 110:115 arg1 SA 127:128 SA 127:128 SA 127:128 Sodium alginate (SA)/halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) composite hydrogels were successfully prepared by solution blending and cross-linking with calcium ions. 27770895 1 77 theme Sodium 110:115 arg1 alginate 117:124 Sodium alginate 110:124 Sodium alginate (SA)/halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) composite hydrogels 110:177 Sodium alginate (SA)/halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) composite hydrogels were successfully prepared by solution blending and cross-linking with calcium ions. 27770895 3 78 theme solution 393:400 arg1 static 355:360 static 355:360 static 355:360 The static and shear viscosity of SA/HNTs solution increase by the addition of HNTs. 27770895 3 78 theme solution 393:400 arg1 viscosity 372:380 shear viscosity 366:380 shear viscosity 366:380 The static and shear viscosity of SA/HNTs solution increase by the addition of HNTs. 27770895 9 79 theme storage 1056:1062 arg1 modulus 1064:1070 The dynamic storage modulus 1044:1070 The dynamic storage modulus of composite hydrogels 1044:1093 The dynamic storage modulus of composite hydrogels also markedly increases with HNTs concentration. 27770895 0 80 theme physical 35:42 arg1 properties 44:53 physical properties 35:53 physical properties 35:53 Effects of halloysite nanotubes on physical properties and cytocompatibility of alginate composite hydrogels. 27770895 8 81 theme 80 903:904 arg1 % 905:905 % 905:905 % 905:905 The SA/HNTs composite hydrogels with 80% HNTs loading exhibit the compressive stress at 80% strain of 2.99MPa, while the stress at 80% strain of pure SA hydrogel is only 0.8MPa. 27770895 3 82 theme HNTs 430:433 arg1 addition 418:425 the addition 414:425 the addition of HNTs 414:433 The static and shear viscosity of SA/HNTs solution increase by the addition of HNTs. 27770895 3 83 dep static 355:360 arg1 The 351:353 The 351:353 The 351:353 The static and shear viscosity of SA/HNTs solution increase by the addition of HNTs. 27770895 7 84 theme mechanical 764:773 arg1 properties 775:784 The compressive mechanical properties 748:784 The compressive mechanical properties of composite hydrogels 748:807 The compressive mechanical properties of composite hydrogels significantly increase compared to the pure SA hydrogel. 27770895 11 85 from increase 1439:1446 arg1 cells 1451:1455 cells adhesion and proliferation 1451:1482 cells adhesion and proliferation 1451:1482 Preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) culture results reveal that the SA/HNTs composites especially at relatively low HNTs loading show a significant increase in cells adhesion and proliferation compared to the pure SA hydrogel. 27770895 11 85 from increase 1439:1446 arg1 proliferation 1470:1482 proliferation 1470:1482 proliferation 1470:1482 Preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) culture results reveal that the SA/HNTs composites especially at relatively low HNTs loading show a significant increase in cells adhesion and proliferation compared to the pure SA hydrogel. 27770895 11 85 from increase 1439:1446 arg1 adhesion 1457:1464 adhesion 1457:1464 adhesion 1457:1464 Preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) culture results reveal that the SA/HNTs composites especially at relatively low HNTs loading show a significant increase in cells adhesion and proliferation compared to the pure SA hydrogel. 27770895 8 86 theme HNTs 907:910 arg1 loading 912:918 80% HNTs loading 903:918 80% HNTs loading 903:918 The SA/HNTs composite hydrogels with 80% HNTs loading exhibit the compressive stress at 80% strain of 2.99MPa, while the stress at 80% strain of pure SA hydrogel is only 0.8MPa. 27770895 9 87 theme hydrogels 1085:1093 arg1 modulus 1064:1070 The dynamic storage modulus 1044:1070 The dynamic storage modulus of composite hydrogels 1044:1093 The dynamic storage modulus of composite hydrogels also markedly increases with HNTs concentration. 27770895 2 88 theme hydrogels 340:348 arg1 cytocompatibility 309:325 cytocompatibility 309:325 cytocompatibility of composite hydrogels 309:348 HNTs can improve the physical properties and cytocompatibility of composite hydrogels. 27770895 2 88 theme hydrogels 340:348 arg1 properties 294:303 the physical properties 281:303 the physical properties 281:303 HNTs can improve the physical properties and cytocompatibility of composite hydrogels. 27770895 10 89 theme composite 1248:1256 arg1 hydrogels 1258:1266 the composite hydrogels 1244:1266 the composite hydrogels 1244:1266 The differential scanning calorimetry endothermic peak area and swelling ratios in NaCl solution of the composite hydrogels decrease by the addition of HNTs. 27770895 11 90 from loading 1412:1418 arg1 composites 1367:1376 the SA/HNTs composites 1355:1376 the SA/HNTs composites especially at relatively low HNTs loading 1355:1418 Preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) culture results reveal that the SA/HNTs composites especially at relatively low HNTs loading show a significant increase in cells adhesion and proliferation compared to the pure SA hydrogel. 27770895 8 91 theme compressive 932:942 arg1 stress 944:949 the compressive stress 928:949 the compressive stress 928:949 The SA/HNTs composite hydrogels with 80% HNTs loading exhibit the compressive stress at 80% strain of 2.99MPa, while the stress at 80% strain of pure SA hydrogel is only 0.8MPa. 27770895 5 92 dep diffraction 597:607 arg1 result 609:614 result 609:614 result 609:614 The crystal structure of HNTs is retained in the composites as showed by the X-ray diffraction result. 27770895 11 93 theme SA/HNTs 1359:1365 arg1 composites 1367:1376 the SA/HNTs composites 1355:1376 the SA/HNTs composites especially at relatively low HNTs loading 1355:1418 Preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) culture results reveal that the SA/HNTs composites especially at relatively low HNTs loading show a significant increase in cells adhesion and proliferation compared to the pure SA hydrogel. 27770895 1 94 theme calcium 250:256 arg1 ions 258:261 calcium ions 250:261 calcium ions 250:261 Sodium alginate (SA)/halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) composite hydrogels were successfully prepared by solution blending and cross-linking with calcium ions. 28038755 7 0 theme adequate 1013:1020 arg1 balance 1022:1028 an adequate balance 1010:1028 an adequate balance between a complex stability and dissociation rate 1010:1078 As a novel vector, these nano PECs have excellent promise for gene delivery with an adequate balance between a complex stability and dissociation rate. 28038755 7 1 theme novel 934:938 arg1 promise 979:985 excellent promise 969:985 excellent promise for gene delivery 969:1003 As a novel vector, these nano PECs have excellent promise for gene delivery with an adequate balance between a complex stability and dissociation rate. 28038755 7 1 theme novel 934:938 arg1 vector 940:945 a novel vector 932:945 a novel vector 932:945 As a novel vector, these nano PECs have excellent promise for gene delivery with an adequate balance between a complex stability and dissociation rate. 28038755 3 2 theme PEC 457:459 arg1 method 473:478 The optimized nano PEC preparation method 438:478 The optimized nano PEC preparation method 438:478 The optimized nano PEC preparation method and effects of Ch molecular weight (Mw) and a CMD to Ch molar ratio (CMD:Ch) on physical characteristics and in vitro efficacy of the nano PECs was determined. 28038755 1 3 theme nanoparticles 243:255 arg1 rate 231:234 slow dissociation rate 213:234 slow dissociation rate of the nanoparticles in cytoplasm 213:268 Chitosan (Ch) nanoparticles have emerged as a promising vector for gene delivery, nonetheless slow dissociation rate of the nanoparticles in cytoplasm is a drawback of using Ch. 28038755 1 3 theme nanoparticles 243:255 arg1 drawback 275:282 a drawback 273:282 a drawback of using Ch 273:294 Chitosan (Ch) nanoparticles have emerged as a promising vector for gene delivery, nonetheless slow dissociation rate of the nanoparticles in cytoplasm is a drawback of using Ch. 28038755 0 4 theme chitosan-mediated 80:96 arg1 delivery 98:105 chitosan-mediated delivery 80:105 chitosan-mediated delivery of miR-145 80:116 Nano polyelectrolyte complexes of carboxymethyl dextran and chitosan to improve chitosan-mediated delivery of miR-145. 28038755 3 5 theme in 589:590 arg1 efficacy 598:605 in vitro efficacy 589:605 in vitro efficacy 589:605 The optimized nano PEC preparation method and effects of Ch molecular weight (Mw) and a CMD to Ch molar ratio (CMD:Ch) on physical characteristics and in vitro efficacy of the nano PECs was determined. 28038755 4 6 theme Ch 717:718 arg1 ratio 720:724 CMD:Ch ratio 713:724 CMD:Ch ratio 713:724 The size of the nano PECs depended on the preparation method, Ch Mw, and CMD:Ch ratio. 28038755 5 7 theme Ch 737:738 arg1 Mw 740:741 the Ch Mw and CMD 733:749 Mw 740:741 Also, the Ch Mw and CMD:Ch affected stability of the miR-145 PECs in presence of heparin. 28038755 3 8 theme preparation 461:471 arg1 method 473:478 The optimized nano PEC preparation method 438:478 The optimized nano PEC preparation method 438:478 The optimized nano PEC preparation method and effects of Ch molecular weight (Mw) and a CMD to Ch molar ratio (CMD:Ch) on physical characteristics and in vitro efficacy of the nano PECs was determined. 28038755 0 9 theme miR-145 110:116 arg1 delivery 98:105 chitosan-mediated delivery 80:105 chitosan-mediated delivery of miR-145 80:116 Nano polyelectrolyte complexes of carboxymethyl dextran and chitosan to improve chitosan-mediated delivery of miR-145. 28038755 3 10 theme Ch 495:496 arg1 Mw 516:517 Mw 516:517 Mw 516:517 The optimized nano PEC preparation method and effects of Ch molecular weight (Mw) and a CMD to Ch molar ratio (CMD:Ch) on physical characteristics and in vitro efficacy of the nano PECs was determined. 28038755 3 10 theme Ch 495:496 arg1 weight 508:513 Ch molecular weight 495:513 Ch molecular weight (Mw) 495:518 The optimized nano PEC preparation method and effects of Ch molecular weight (Mw) and a CMD to Ch molar ratio (CMD:Ch) on physical characteristics and in vitro efficacy of the nano PECs was determined. 28038755 3 11 theme PECs 619:622 arg1 efficacy 598:605 in vitro efficacy 589:605 in vitro efficacy 589:605 The optimized nano PEC preparation method and effects of Ch molecular weight (Mw) and a CMD to Ch molar ratio (CMD:Ch) on physical characteristics and in vitro efficacy of the nano PECs was determined. 28038755 3 11 theme PECs 619:622 arg1 characteristics 569:583 physical characteristics 560:583 physical characteristics 560:583 The optimized nano PEC preparation method and effects of Ch molecular weight (Mw) and a CMD to Ch molar ratio (CMD:Ch) on physical characteristics and in vitro efficacy of the nano PECs was determined. 28038755 5 12 theme PECs 788:791 arg1 stability 763:771 stability 763:771 stability of the miR-145 PECs 763:791 Also, the Ch Mw and CMD:Ch affected stability of the miR-145 PECs in presence of heparin. 28038755 3 13 from method 473:478 arg1 efficacy 598:605 in vitro efficacy 589:605 in vitro efficacy 589:605 The optimized nano PEC preparation method and effects of Ch molecular weight (Mw) and a CMD to Ch molar ratio (CMD:Ch) on physical characteristics and in vitro efficacy of the nano PECs was determined. 28038755 3 13 from method 473:478 arg1 characteristics 569:583 physical characteristics 560:583 physical characteristics 560:583 The optimized nano PEC preparation method and effects of Ch molecular weight (Mw) and a CMD to Ch molar ratio (CMD:Ch) on physical characteristics and in vitro efficacy of the nano PECs was determined. 28038755 3 14 theme molecular 498:506 arg1 Mw 516:517 Mw 516:517 Mw 516:517 The optimized nano PEC preparation method and effects of Ch molecular weight (Mw) and a CMD to Ch molar ratio (CMD:Ch) on physical characteristics and in vitro efficacy of the nano PECs was determined. 28038755 3 14 theme molecular 498:506 arg1 weight 508:513 Ch molecular weight 495:513 Ch molecular weight (Mw) 495:518 The optimized nano PEC preparation method and effects of Ch molecular weight (Mw) and a CMD to Ch molar ratio (CMD:Ch) on physical characteristics and in vitro efficacy of the nano PECs was determined. 28038755 7 15 theme gene 991:994 arg1 delivery 996:1003 gene delivery 991:1003 gene delivery 991:1003 As a novel vector, these nano PECs have excellent promise for gene delivery with an adequate balance between a complex stability and dissociation rate. 28038755 6 16 theme various 907:913 arg1 compositions 915:926 various compositions 907:926 various compositions 907:926 In vitro tests indicated the different gene transfection efficiency of the nano PECs with various compositions. 28038755 6 17 theme PECs 897:900 arg1 efficiency 874:883 the different gene transfection efficiency 842:883 the different gene transfection efficiency of the nano PECs with various compositions 842:926 In vitro tests indicated the different gene transfection efficiency of the nano PECs with various compositions. 28038755 4 18 theme PECs 661:664 arg1 size 644:647 The size 640:647 The size of the nano PECs 640:664 The size of the nano PECs depended on the preparation method, Ch Mw, and CMD:Ch ratio. 28038755 1 19 theme promising 165:173 arg1 vector 175:180 a promising vector 163:180 a promising vector for gene delivery 163:198 Chitosan (Ch) nanoparticles have emerged as a promising vector for gene delivery, nonetheless slow dissociation rate of the nanoparticles in cytoplasm is a drawback of using Ch. 28038755 6 20 theme In 817:818 arg1 tests 826:830 In vitro tests 817:830 In vitro tests 817:830 In vitro tests indicated the different gene transfection efficiency of the nano PECs with various compositions. 28038755 4 21 theme nano 656:659 arg1 PECs 661:664 the nano PECs 652:664 the nano PECs 652:664 The size of the nano PECs depended on the preparation method, Ch Mw, and CMD:Ch ratio. 28038755 6 22 theme nano 892:895 arg1 PECs 897:900 the nano PECs 888:900 the nano PECs 888:900 In vitro tests indicated the different gene transfection efficiency of the nano PECs with various compositions. 28038755 0 23 theme polyelectrolyte 5:19 arg1 complexes 21:29 Nano polyelectrolyte complexes 0:29 Nano polyelectrolyte complexes of carboxymethyl dextran and chitosan 0:67 Nano polyelectrolyte complexes of carboxymethyl dextran and chitosan to improve chitosan-mediated delivery of miR-145. 28038755 3 24 theme nano 614:617 arg1 PECs 619:622 the nano PECs 610:622 the nano PECs 610:622 The optimized nano PEC preparation method and effects of Ch molecular weight (Mw) and a CMD to Ch molar ratio (CMD:Ch) on physical characteristics and in vitro efficacy of the nano PECs was determined. 28038755 7 25 contain have 964:967 arg2 vector 940:945 a novel vector 932:945 a novel vector 932:945 As a novel vector, these nano PECs have excellent promise for gene delivery with an adequate balance between a complex stability and dissociation rate. 28038755 7 25 contain have 964:967 arg2 promise 979:985 excellent promise 969:985 excellent promise for gene delivery 969:1003 As a novel vector, these nano PECs have excellent promise for gene delivery with an adequate balance between a complex stability and dissociation rate. 28038755 7 25 contain have 964:967 arg1 PECs 959:962 these nano PECs 948:962 these nano PECs 948:962 As a novel vector, these nano PECs have excellent promise for gene delivery with an adequate balance between a complex stability and dissociation rate. 28038755 2 26 theme Ch 362:363 arg1 CMD 392:394 CMD 392:394 CMD 392:394 Herein, the Ch-mediated gene delivery was improved using PECs of Ch and carboxymethyl dextran (CMD) to transfer the micro RNA-145 (miR-145). 28038755 2 26 theme Ch 362:363 arg1 dextran 383:389 carboxymethyl dextran 369:389 carboxymethyl dextran (CMD) 369:395 Herein, the Ch-mediated gene delivery was improved using PECs of Ch and carboxymethyl dextran (CMD) to transfer the micro RNA-145 (miR-145). 28038755 2 26 theme Ch 362:363 arg1 PECs 354:357 PECs 354:357 PECs of Ch 354:363 Herein, the Ch-mediated gene delivery was improved using PECs of Ch and carboxymethyl dextran (CMD) to transfer the micro RNA-145 (miR-145). 28038755 0 27 theme Nano 0:3 arg1 complexes 21:29 Nano polyelectrolyte complexes 0:29 Nano polyelectrolyte complexes of carboxymethyl dextran and chitosan 0:67 Nano polyelectrolyte complexes of carboxymethyl dextran and chitosan to improve chitosan-mediated delivery of miR-145. 28038755 3 28 dep in 589:590 arg1 vitro 592:596 vitro 592:596 vitro 592:596 The optimized nano PEC preparation method and effects of Ch molecular weight (Mw) and a CMD to Ch molar ratio (CMD:Ch) on physical characteristics and in vitro efficacy of the nano PECs was determined. 28038755 4 29 theme CMD 713:715 arg1 ratio 720:724 CMD:Ch ratio 713:724 CMD:Ch ratio 713:724 The size of the nano PECs depended on the preparation method, Ch Mw, and CMD:Ch ratio. 28038755 5 30 dep Mw 740:741 arg1 Ch 751:752 Ch 751:752 the Ch Mw and CMD:Ch 733:752 Also, the Ch Mw and CMD:Ch affected stability of the miR-145 PECs in presence of heparin. 28038755 1 31 theme gene 186:189 arg1 delivery 191:198 gene delivery 186:198 gene delivery 186:198 Chitosan (Ch) nanoparticles have emerged as a promising vector for gene delivery, nonetheless slow dissociation rate of the nanoparticles in cytoplasm is a drawback of using Ch. 28038755 7 32 theme nano 954:957 arg1 PECs 959:962 these nano PECs 948:962 these nano PECs 948:962 As a novel vector, these nano PECs have excellent promise for gene delivery with an adequate balance between a complex stability and dissociation rate. 28038755 3 33 theme weight 508:513 arg1 effects 484:490 effects 484:490 effects of Ch molecular weight (Mw) and a CMD to Ch molar ratio (CMD:Ch) on physical characteristics and in vitro efficacy of the nano PECs 484:622 The optimized nano PEC preparation method and effects of Ch molecular weight (Mw) and a CMD to Ch molar ratio (CMD:Ch) on physical characteristics and in vitro efficacy of the nano PECs was determined. 28038755 3 33 theme weight 508:513 arg1 method 473:478 The optimized nano PEC preparation method 438:478 The optimized nano PEC preparation method 438:478 The optimized nano PEC preparation method and effects of Ch molecular weight (Mw) and a CMD to Ch molar ratio (CMD:Ch) on physical characteristics and in vitro efficacy of the nano PECs was determined. 28038755 7 34 theme excellent 969:977 arg1 promise 979:985 excellent promise 969:985 excellent promise for gene delivery 969:1003 As a novel vector, these nano PECs have excellent promise for gene delivery with an adequate balance between a complex stability and dissociation rate. 28038755 7 34 theme excellent 969:977 arg1 vector 940:945 a novel vector 932:945 a novel vector 932:945 As a novel vector, these nano PECs have excellent promise for gene delivery with an adequate balance between a complex stability and dissociation rate. 28038755 6 35 dep In 817:818 arg1 vitro 820:824 vitro 820:824 vitro 820:824 In vitro tests indicated the different gene transfection efficiency of the nano PECs with various compositions. 28038755 1 36 theme Chitosan 119:126 arg1 nanoparticles 133:145 Chitosan (Ch) nanoparticles 119:145 Chitosan (Ch) nanoparticles 119:145 Chitosan (Ch) nanoparticles have emerged as a promising vector for gene delivery, nonetheless slow dissociation rate of the nanoparticles in cytoplasm is a drawback of using Ch. 28038755 6 37 theme transfection 861:872 arg1 efficiency 874:883 the different gene transfection efficiency 842:883 the different gene transfection efficiency of the nano PECs with various compositions 842:926 In vitro tests indicated the different gene transfection efficiency of the nano PECs with various compositions. 28038755 0 38 theme dextran 48:54 arg1 complexes 21:29 Nano polyelectrolyte complexes 0:29 Nano polyelectrolyte complexes of carboxymethyl dextran and chitosan 0:67 Nano polyelectrolyte complexes of carboxymethyl dextran and chitosan to improve chitosan-mediated delivery of miR-145. 28038755 3 39 theme nano 452:455 arg1 method 473:478 The optimized nano PEC preparation method 438:478 The optimized nano PEC preparation method 438:478 The optimized nano PEC preparation method and effects of Ch molecular weight (Mw) and a CMD to Ch molar ratio (CMD:Ch) on physical characteristics and in vitro efficacy of the nano PECs was determined. 28038755 3 40 theme CMD 526:528 arg1 effects 484:490 effects 484:490 effects of Ch molecular weight (Mw) and a CMD to Ch molar ratio (CMD:Ch) on physical characteristics and in vitro efficacy of the nano PECs 484:622 The optimized nano PEC preparation method and effects of Ch molecular weight (Mw) and a CMD to Ch molar ratio (CMD:Ch) on physical characteristics and in vitro efficacy of the nano PECs was determined. 28038755 3 40 theme CMD 526:528 arg1 method 473:478 The optimized nano PEC preparation method 438:478 The optimized nano PEC preparation method 438:478 The optimized nano PEC preparation method and effects of Ch molecular weight (Mw) and a CMD to Ch molar ratio (CMD:Ch) on physical characteristics and in vitro efficacy of the nano PECs was determined. 28038755 6 41 theme gene 856:859 arg1 efficiency 874:883 the different gene transfection efficiency 842:883 the different gene transfection efficiency of the nano PECs with various compositions 842:926 In vitro tests indicated the different gene transfection efficiency of the nano PECs with various compositions. 28038755 0 42 theme carboxymethyl 34:46 arg1 dextran 48:54 carboxymethyl dextran 34:54 carboxymethyl dextran 34:54 Nano polyelectrolyte complexes of carboxymethyl dextran and chitosan to improve chitosan-mediated delivery of miR-145. 28038755 1 43 theme slow 213:216 arg1 rate 231:234 slow dissociation rate 213:234 slow dissociation rate of the nanoparticles in cytoplasm 213:268 Chitosan (Ch) nanoparticles have emerged as a promising vector for gene delivery, nonetheless slow dissociation rate of the nanoparticles in cytoplasm is a drawback of using Ch. 28038755 1 43 theme slow 213:216 arg1 drawback 275:282 a drawback 273:282 a drawback of using Ch 273:294 Chitosan (Ch) nanoparticles have emerged as a promising vector for gene delivery, nonetheless slow dissociation rate of the nanoparticles in cytoplasm is a drawback of using Ch. 28038755 0 44 theme chitosan 60:67 arg1 complexes 21:29 Nano polyelectrolyte complexes 0:29 Nano polyelectrolyte complexes of carboxymethyl dextran and chitosan 0:67 Nano polyelectrolyte complexes of carboxymethyl dextran and chitosan to improve chitosan-mediated delivery of miR-145. 28038755 6 45 theme different 846:854 arg1 efficiency 874:883 the different gene transfection efficiency 842:883 the different gene transfection efficiency of the nano PECs with various compositions 842:926 In vitro tests indicated the different gene transfection efficiency of the nano PECs with various compositions. 28038755 3 46 theme optimized 442:450 arg1 method 473:478 The optimized nano PEC preparation method 438:478 The optimized nano PEC preparation method 438:478 The optimized nano PEC preparation method and effects of Ch molecular weight (Mw) and a CMD to Ch molar ratio (CMD:Ch) on physical characteristics and in vitro efficacy of the nano PECs was determined. 28038755 2 47 theme carboxymethyl 369:381 arg1 CMD 392:394 CMD 392:394 CMD 392:394 Herein, the Ch-mediated gene delivery was improved using PECs of Ch and carboxymethyl dextran (CMD) to transfer the micro RNA-145 (miR-145). 28038755 2 47 theme carboxymethyl 369:381 arg1 dextran 383:389 carboxymethyl dextran 369:389 carboxymethyl dextran (CMD) 369:395 Herein, the Ch-mediated gene delivery was improved using PECs of Ch and carboxymethyl dextran (CMD) to transfer the micro RNA-145 (miR-145). 28038755 4 48 theme Ch 702:703 arg1 Mw 705:706 Ch Mw 702:706 Ch Mw 702:706 The size of the nano PECs depended on the preparation method, Ch Mw, and CMD:Ch ratio. 28038755 2 49 theme gene 321:324 arg1 delivery 326:333 the Ch-mediated gene delivery 305:333 the Ch-mediated gene delivery 305:333 Herein, the Ch-mediated gene delivery was improved using PECs of Ch and carboxymethyl dextran (CMD) to transfer the micro RNA-145 (miR-145). 28038755 7 50 theme complex 1040:1046 arg1 stability 1048:1056 a complex stability 1038:1056 a complex stability 1038:1056 As a novel vector, these nano PECs have excellent promise for gene delivery with an adequate balance between a complex stability and dissociation rate. 28038755 2 51 theme Ch-mediated 309:319 arg1 delivery 326:333 the Ch-mediated gene delivery 305:333 the Ch-mediated gene delivery 305:333 Herein, the Ch-mediated gene delivery was improved using PECs of Ch and carboxymethyl dextran (CMD) to transfer the micro RNA-145 (miR-145). 28038755 3 52 dep CMD 549:551 arg1 Ch 553:554 Ch 553:554 CMD:Ch 549:554 The optimized nano PEC preparation method and effects of Ch molecular weight (Mw) and a CMD to Ch molar ratio (CMD:Ch) on physical characteristics and in vitro efficacy of the nano PECs was determined. 28038755 1 53 theme dissociation 218:229 arg1 rate 231:234 slow dissociation rate 213:234 slow dissociation rate of the nanoparticles in cytoplasm 213:268 Chitosan (Ch) nanoparticles have emerged as a promising vector for gene delivery, nonetheless slow dissociation rate of the nanoparticles in cytoplasm is a drawback of using Ch. 28038755 1 53 theme dissociation 218:229 arg1 drawback 275:282 a drawback 273:282 a drawback of using Ch 273:294 Chitosan (Ch) nanoparticles have emerged as a promising vector for gene delivery, nonetheless slow dissociation rate of the nanoparticles in cytoplasm is a drawback of using Ch. 28038755 1 54 from rate 231:234 arg1 cytoplasm 260:268 cytoplasm 260:268 cytoplasm 260:268 Chitosan (Ch) nanoparticles have emerged as a promising vector for gene delivery, nonetheless slow dissociation rate of the nanoparticles in cytoplasm is a drawback of using Ch. 28038755 6 55 with efficiency 874:883 arg1 compositions 915:926 various compositions 907:926 various compositions 907:926 In vitro tests indicated the different gene transfection efficiency of the nano PECs with various compositions. 28038755 5 56 theme heparin 808:814 arg1 presence 796:803 presence 796:803 presence of heparin 796:814 Also, the Ch Mw and CMD:Ch affected stability of the miR-145 PECs in presence of heparin. 28038755 7 57 theme dissociation 1062:1073 arg1 rate 1075:1078 dissociation rate 1062:1078 dissociation rate 1062:1078 As a novel vector, these nano PECs have excellent promise for gene delivery with an adequate balance between a complex stability and dissociation rate. 28038755 3 58 theme physical 560:567 arg1 characteristics 569:583 physical characteristics 560:583 physical characteristics 560:583 The optimized nano PEC preparation method and effects of Ch molecular weight (Mw) and a CMD to Ch molar ratio (CMD:Ch) on physical characteristics and in vitro efficacy of the nano PECs was determined. 28038755 4 59 theme preparation 682:692 arg1 method 694:699 the preparation method 678:699 the preparation method 678:699 The size of the nano PECs depended on the preparation method, Ch Mw, and CMD:Ch ratio. 28038755 3 60 dep weight 508:513 arg1 CMD 549:551 CMD 549:551 CMD:Ch 549:554 The optimized nano PEC preparation method and effects of Ch molecular weight (Mw) and a CMD to Ch molar ratio (CMD:Ch) on physical characteristics and in vitro efficacy of the nano PECs was determined. 28038755 3 60 dep weight 508:513 arg1 ratio 542:546 molar ratio 536:546 molar ratio (CMD:Ch) 536:555 The optimized nano PEC preparation method and effects of Ch molecular weight (Mw) and a CMD to Ch molar ratio (CMD:Ch) on physical characteristics and in vitro efficacy of the nano PECs was determined. 28038755 3 61 theme molar 536:540 arg1 CMD 549:551 CMD 549:551 CMD:Ch 549:554 The optimized nano PEC preparation method and effects of Ch molecular weight (Mw) and a CMD to Ch molar ratio (CMD:Ch) on physical characteristics and in vitro efficacy of the nano PECs was determined. 28038755 3 61 theme molar 536:540 arg1 ratio 542:546 molar ratio 536:546 molar ratio (CMD:Ch) 536:555 The optimized nano PEC preparation method and effects of Ch molecular weight (Mw) and a CMD to Ch molar ratio (CMD:Ch) on physical characteristics and in vitro efficacy of the nano PECs was determined. 28038755 2 62 theme micro 413:417 arg1 miR-145 428:434 miR-145 428:434 miR-145 428:434 Herein, the Ch-mediated gene delivery was improved using PECs of Ch and carboxymethyl dextran (CMD) to transfer the micro RNA-145 (miR-145). 28038755 2 62 theme micro 413:417 arg1 RNA-145 419:425 the micro RNA-145 409:425 the micro RNA-145 (miR-145) 409:435 Herein, the Ch-mediated gene delivery was improved using PECs of Ch and carboxymethyl dextran (CMD) to transfer the micro RNA-145 (miR-145). 28038755 3 63 from effects 484:490 arg1 efficacy 598:605 in vitro efficacy 589:605 in vitro efficacy 589:605 The optimized nano PEC preparation method and effects of Ch molecular weight (Mw) and a CMD to Ch molar ratio (CMD:Ch) on physical characteristics and in vitro efficacy of the nano PECs was determined. 28038755 3 63 from effects 484:490 arg1 characteristics 569:583 physical characteristics 560:583 physical characteristics 560:583 The optimized nano PEC preparation method and effects of Ch molecular weight (Mw) and a CMD to Ch molar ratio (CMD:Ch) on physical characteristics and in vitro efficacy of the nano PECs was determined. 27112127 0 0 theme mixtures 97:104 arg1 characterization 50:65 characterization 50:65 characterization 50:65 Combining measurements to estimate properties and characterization extent of complex biochemical mixtures; applications to Heparan Sulfate. 27112127 0 0 theme mixtures 97:104 arg1 properties 35:44 properties 35:44 properties 35:44 Combining measurements to estimate properties and characterization extent of complex biochemical mixtures; applications to Heparan Sulfate. 27112127 5 1 theme mixture 739:745 arg1 properties 747:756 mixture properties 739:756 mixture properties 739:756 Mathematical frameworks to combine measurements, estimate mixture properties, and quantify remaining uncertainty, i.e. a characterization extent, are introduced here. 27112127 1 2 theme species 170:176 arg1 mixtures 148:155 Complex mixtures 140:155 Complex mixtures of molecular species, such as glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans, 140:223 Complex mixtures of molecular species, such as glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans, have important biological and therapeutic functions. 27112127 0 3 theme biochemical 85:95 arg1 mixtures 97:104 complex biochemical mixtures 77:104 complex biochemical mixtures 77:104 Combining measurements to estimate properties and characterization extent of complex biochemical mixtures; applications to Heparan Sulfate. 27112127 6 4 theme disaccharides 1012:1024 arg1 chains 1002:1007 linear chains 995:1007 linear chains of disaccharides having different levels of sulfation 995:1061 Constrained optimization and mathematical modeling are applied to a set of twenty-three experimental measurements on heparan sulfate, a mixture of linear chains of disaccharides having different levels of sulfation. 27112127 4 5 from uncertainty 568:578 arg1 composition 591:601 mixture composition 583:601 mixture composition 583:601 The question of how much uncertainty on mixture composition is reduced by combining several measurements still remains mostly unexplored. 27112127 7 6 theme sulfate 1236:1242 arg1 level 1244:1248 sulfate level 1236:1248 sulfate level 1236:1248 While this mixture has potentially over two million molecular species, mathematical modeling and the small set of measurements establish the existence of nonhomogeneity of sulfate level along chains and the presence of abundant sulfate repeats. 27112127 7 7 theme level 1244:1248 arg1 nonhomogeneity 1218:1231 nonhomogeneity 1218:1231 nonhomogeneity of sulfate level 1218:1248 While this mixture has potentially over two million molecular species, mathematical modeling and the small set of measurements establish the existence of nonhomogeneity of sulfate level along chains and the presence of abundant sulfate repeats. 27112127 7 8 theme small 1165:1169 arg1 measurements 1178:1189 measurements 1178:1189 measurements 1178:1189 While this mixture has potentially over two million molecular species, mathematical modeling and the small set of measurements establish the existence of nonhomogeneity of sulfate level along chains and the presence of abundant sulfate repeats. 27112127 7 8 theme small 1165:1169 arg1 set 1171:1173 the small set 1161:1173 the small set of measurements 1161:1189 While this mixture has potentially over two million molecular species, mathematical modeling and the small set of measurements establish the existence of nonhomogeneity of sulfate level along chains and the presence of abundant sulfate repeats. 27112127 5 9 theme Mathematical 681:692 arg1 frameworks 694:703 Mathematical frameworks 681:703 Mathematical frameworks 681:703 Mathematical frameworks to combine measurements, estimate mixture properties, and quantify remaining uncertainty, i.e. a characterization extent, are introduced here. 27112127 2 10 theme chemistry 329:337 arg1 measurements 339:350 analytical chemistry measurements 318:350 analytical chemistry measurements 318:350 Characterization of these mixtures with analytical chemistry measurements is an important step when developing generic drugs such as biosimilars. 27112127 6 11 theme chains 1002:1007 arg1 sulfate 973:979 heparan sulfate 965:979 heparan sulfate 965:979 Constrained optimization and mathematical modeling are applied to a set of twenty-three experimental measurements on heparan sulfate, a mixture of linear chains of disaccharides having different levels of sulfation. 27112127 6 11 theme chains 1002:1007 arg1 mixture 984:990 a mixture 982:990 a mixture of linear chains of disaccharides having different levels of sulfation 982:1061 Constrained optimization and mathematical modeling are applied to a set of twenty-three experimental measurements on heparan sulfate, a mixture of linear chains of disaccharides having different levels of sulfation. 27112127 1 12 gly glycoproteins 187:199 arg1 glycoproteins 187:199 glycoproteins 187:199 glycoproteins 187:199 Complex mixtures of molecular species, such as glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans, have important biological and therapeutic functions. 27112127 2 13 theme analytical 318:327 arg1 measurements 339:350 analytical chemistry measurements 318:350 analytical chemistry measurements 318:350 Characterization of these mixtures with analytical chemistry measurements is an important step when developing generic drugs such as biosimilars. 27112127 8 14 theme Constrained 1309:1319 arg1 optimization 1321:1332 Constrained optimization 1309:1332 Constrained optimization 1309:1332 Constrained optimization yields not only estimations of sulfate repeats and sulfate level at each position in the chains but also bounds on these levels, thereby estimating the extent of characterization of the sulfation pattern which is achieved by the set of measurements. 27112127 0 15 theme Heparan 123:129 arg1 Sulfate 131:137 Heparan Sulfate 123:137 Heparan Sulfate 123:137 Combining measurements to estimate properties and characterization extent of complex biochemical mixtures; applications to Heparan Sulfate. 27112127 6 16 theme linear 995:1000 arg1 chains 1002:1007 linear chains 995:1007 linear chains of disaccharides having different levels of sulfation 995:1061 Constrained optimization and mathematical modeling are applied to a set of twenty-three experimental measurements on heparan sulfate, a mixture of linear chains of disaccharides having different levels of sulfation. 27112127 7 17 theme abundant 1283:1290 arg1 repeats 1300:1306 abundant sulfate repeats 1283:1306 abundant sulfate repeats 1283:1306 While this mixture has potentially over two million molecular species, mathematical modeling and the small set of measurements establish the existence of nonhomogeneity of sulfate level along chains and the presence of abundant sulfate repeats. 27112127 8 18 theme sulfate 1385:1391 arg1 level 1393:1397 sulfate level 1385:1397 sulfate level 1385:1397 Constrained optimization yields not only estimations of sulfate repeats and sulfate level at each position in the chains but also bounds on these levels, thereby estimating the extent of characterization of the sulfation pattern which is achieved by the set of measurements. 27112127 7 19 gly nonhomogeneity 1218:1231 arg1 level 1244:1248 sulfate level 1236:1248 sulfate level 1236:1248 While this mixture has potentially over two million molecular species, mathematical modeling and the small set of measurements establish the existence of nonhomogeneity of sulfate level along chains and the presence of abundant sulfate repeats. 27112127 6 20 from measurements 949:960 arg1 sulfate 973:979 heparan sulfate 965:979 heparan sulfate 965:979 Constrained optimization and mathematical modeling are applied to a set of twenty-three experimental measurements on heparan sulfate, a mixture of linear chains of disaccharides having different levels of sulfation. 27112127 6 20 from measurements 949:960 arg1 mixture 984:990 a mixture 982:990 a mixture of linear chains of disaccharides having different levels of sulfation 982:1061 Constrained optimization and mathematical modeling are applied to a set of twenty-three experimental measurements on heparan sulfate, a mixture of linear chains of disaccharides having different levels of sulfation. 27112127 7 21 theme nonhomogeneity 1218:1231 arg1 existence 1205:1213 the existence 1201:1213 the existence of nonhomogeneity of sulfate level along chains and the presence of abundant sulfate repeats 1201:1306 While this mixture has potentially over two million molecular species, mathematical modeling and the small set of measurements establish the existence of nonhomogeneity of sulfate level along chains and the presence of abundant sulfate repeats. 27112127 2 22 theme mixtures 304:311 arg1 Characterization 278:293 Characterization 278:293 Characterization of these mixtures with analytical chemistry measurements 278:350 Characterization of these mixtures with analytical chemistry measurements is an important step when developing generic drugs such as biosimilars. 27112127 2 22 theme mixtures 304:311 arg1 step 368:371 an important step 355:371 an important step 355:371 Characterization of these mixtures with analytical chemistry measurements is an important step when developing generic drugs such as biosimilars. 27112127 6 23 theme different 1033:1041 arg1 levels 1043:1048 different levels 1033:1048 different levels of sulfation 1033:1061 Constrained optimization and mathematical modeling are applied to a set of twenty-three experimental measurements on heparan sulfate, a mixture of linear chains of disaccharides having different levels of sulfation. 27112127 6 24 from sulfate 973:979 arg1 measurements 949:960 twenty-three experimental measurements 923:960 twenty-three experimental measurements on heparan sulfate, a mixture of linear chains of disaccharides having different levels of sulfation 923:1061 Constrained optimization and mathematical modeling are applied to a set of twenty-three experimental measurements on heparan sulfate, a mixture of linear chains of disaccharides having different levels of sulfation. 27112127 6 24 from sulfate 973:979 arg1 set 916:918 a set 914:918 a set of twenty-three experimental measurements on heparan sulfate, a mixture of linear chains of disaccharides having different levels of sulfation 914:1061 Constrained optimization and mathematical modeling are applied to a set of twenty-three experimental measurements on heparan sulfate, a mixture of linear chains of disaccharides having different levels of sulfation. 27112127 8 25 from estimations 1350:1360 arg1 levels 1455:1460 these levels 1449:1460 these levels 1449:1460 Constrained optimization yields not only estimations of sulfate repeats and sulfate level at each position in the chains but also bounds on these levels, thereby estimating the extent of characterization of the sulfation pattern which is achieved by the set of measurements. 27112127 2 26 theme important 358:366 arg1 Characterization 278:293 Characterization 278:293 Characterization of these mixtures with analytical chemistry measurements 278:350 Characterization of these mixtures with analytical chemistry measurements is an important step when developing generic drugs such as biosimilars. 27112127 2 26 theme important 358:366 arg1 step 368:371 an important step 355:371 an important step 355:371 Characterization of these mixtures with analytical chemistry measurements is an important step when developing generic drugs such as biosimilars. 27112127 7 27 theme sulfate 1292:1298 arg1 repeats 1300:1306 abundant sulfate repeats 1283:1306 abundant sulfate repeats 1283:1306 While this mixture has potentially over two million molecular species, mathematical modeling and the small set of measurements establish the existence of nonhomogeneity of sulfate level along chains and the presence of abundant sulfate repeats. 27112127 6 28 contain having 1026:1031 arg1 disaccharides 1012:1024 disaccharides 1012:1024 disaccharides having different levels of sulfation 1012:1061 Constrained optimization and mathematical modeling are applied to a set of twenty-three experimental measurements on heparan sulfate, a mixture of linear chains of disaccharides having different levels of sulfation. 27112127 6 28 contain having 1026:1031 arg2 levels 1043:1048 different levels 1033:1048 different levels of sulfation 1033:1061 Constrained optimization and mathematical modeling are applied to a set of twenty-three experimental measurements on heparan sulfate, a mixture of linear chains of disaccharides having different levels of sulfation. 27112127 7 29 theme repeats 1300:1306 arg1 chains 1256:1261 chains 1256:1261 chains 1256:1261 While this mixture has potentially over two million molecular species, mathematical modeling and the small set of measurements establish the existence of nonhomogeneity of sulfate level along chains and the presence of abundant sulfate repeats. 27112127 7 29 theme repeats 1300:1306 arg1 presence 1271:1278 the presence 1267:1278 the presence of abundant sulfate repeats 1267:1306 While this mixture has potentially over two million molecular species, mathematical modeling and the small set of measurements establish the existence of nonhomogeneity of sulfate level along chains and the presence of abundant sulfate repeats. 27112127 8 30 from bounds 1439:1444 arg1 levels 1455:1460 these levels 1449:1460 these levels 1449:1460 Constrained optimization yields not only estimations of sulfate repeats and sulfate level at each position in the chains but also bounds on these levels, thereby estimating the extent of characterization of the sulfation pattern which is achieved by the set of measurements. 27112127 3 31 theme statistical 483:493 arg1 approaches 495:504 statistical approaches 483:504 statistical approaches 483:504 Recent developments have focused on analytical methods and statistical approaches to test similarity between mixtures. 27112127 7 32 theme measurements 1178:1189 arg1 modeling 1148:1155 mathematical modeling 1135:1155 mathematical modeling 1135:1155 While this mixture has potentially over two million molecular species, mathematical modeling and the small set of measurements establish the existence of nonhomogeneity of sulfate level along chains and the presence of abundant sulfate repeats. 27112127 7 32 theme measurements 1178:1189 arg1 measurements 1178:1189 measurements 1178:1189 measurements 1178:1189 While this mixture has potentially over two million molecular species, mathematical modeling and the small set of measurements establish the existence of nonhomogeneity of sulfate level along chains and the presence of abundant sulfate repeats. 27112127 7 32 theme measurements 1178:1189 arg1 set 1171:1173 the small set 1161:1173 the small set of measurements 1161:1189 While this mixture has potentially over two million molecular species, mathematical modeling and the small set of measurements establish the existence of nonhomogeneity of sulfate level along chains and the presence of abundant sulfate repeats. 27112127 6 33 theme mathematical 877:888 arg1 modeling 890:897 mathematical modeling 877:897 mathematical modeling 877:897 Constrained optimization and mathematical modeling are applied to a set of twenty-three experimental measurements on heparan sulfate, a mixture of linear chains of disaccharides having different levels of sulfation. 27112127 8 34 theme characterization 1496:1511 arg1 extent 1486:1491 the extent 1482:1491 the extent of characterization of the sulfation pattern which is achieved by the set of measurements 1482:1581 Constrained optimization yields not only estimations of sulfate repeats and sulfate level at each position in the chains but also bounds on these levels, thereby estimating the extent of characterization of the sulfation pattern which is achieved by the set of measurements. 27112127 3 35 theme Recent 424:429 arg1 developments 431:442 Recent developments 424:442 Recent developments 424:442 Recent developments have focused on analytical methods and statistical approaches to test similarity between mixtures. 27112127 7 36 theme molecular 1116:1124 arg1 species 1126:1132 two million molecular species 1104:1132 two million molecular species 1104:1132 While this mixture has potentially over two million molecular species, mathematical modeling and the small set of measurements establish the existence of nonhomogeneity of sulfate level along chains and the presence of abundant sulfate repeats. 27112127 8 37 theme level 1393:1397 arg1 bounds 1439:1444 bounds 1439:1444 not only estimations of sulfate repeats and sulfate level at each position in the chains but also bounds on these levels 1341:1460 Constrained optimization yields not only estimations of sulfate repeats and sulfate level at each position in the chains but also bounds on these levels, thereby estimating the extent of characterization of the sulfation pattern which is achieved by the set of measurements. 27112127 8 37 theme level 1393:1397 arg1 estimations 1350:1360 estimations 1350:1360 not only estimations of sulfate repeats and sulfate level at each position in the chains but also bounds on these levels 1341:1460 Constrained optimization yields not only estimations of sulfate repeats and sulfate level at each position in the chains but also bounds on these levels, thereby estimating the extent of characterization of the sulfation pattern which is achieved by the set of measurements. 27112127 3 38 theme analytical 460:469 arg1 methods 471:477 analytical methods 460:477 analytical methods 460:477 Recent developments have focused on analytical methods and statistical approaches to test similarity between mixtures. 27112127 4 39 theme several 627:633 arg1 measurements 635:646 several measurements 627:646 several measurements 627:646 The question of how much uncertainty on mixture composition is reduced by combining several measurements still remains mostly unexplored. 27112127 5 40 theme characterization 802:817 arg1 extent 819:824 a characterization extent 800:824 a characterization extent 800:824 Mathematical frameworks to combine measurements, estimate mixture properties, and quantify remaining uncertainty, i.e. a characterization extent, are introduced here. 27112127 6 41 from set 916:918 arg1 sulfate 973:979 heparan sulfate 965:979 heparan sulfate 965:979 Constrained optimization and mathematical modeling are applied to a set of twenty-three experimental measurements on heparan sulfate, a mixture of linear chains of disaccharides having different levels of sulfation. 27112127 6 41 from set 916:918 arg1 mixture 984:990 a mixture 982:990 a mixture of linear chains of disaccharides having different levels of sulfation 982:1061 Constrained optimization and mathematical modeling are applied to a set of twenty-three experimental measurements on heparan sulfate, a mixture of linear chains of disaccharides having different levels of sulfation. 27112127 8 42 theme repeats 1373:1379 arg1 bounds 1439:1444 bounds 1439:1444 not only estimations of sulfate repeats and sulfate level at each position in the chains but also bounds on these levels 1341:1460 Constrained optimization yields not only estimations of sulfate repeats and sulfate level at each position in the chains but also bounds on these levels, thereby estimating the extent of characterization of the sulfation pattern which is achieved by the set of measurements. 27112127 8 42 theme repeats 1373:1379 arg1 estimations 1350:1360 estimations 1350:1360 not only estimations of sulfate repeats and sulfate level at each position in the chains but also bounds on these levels 1341:1460 Constrained optimization yields not only estimations of sulfate repeats and sulfate level at each position in the chains but also bounds on these levels, thereby estimating the extent of characterization of the sulfation pattern which is achieved by the set of measurements. 27112127 2 43 with Characterization 278:293 arg1 measurements 339:350 analytical chemistry measurements 318:350 analytical chemistry measurements 318:350 Characterization of these mixtures with analytical chemistry measurements is an important step when developing generic drugs such as biosimilars. 27112127 8 44 theme measurements 1570:1581 arg1 measurements 1570:1581 measurements 1570:1581 measurements 1570:1581 Constrained optimization yields not only estimations of sulfate repeats and sulfate level at each position in the chains but also bounds on these levels, thereby estimating the extent of characterization of the sulfation pattern which is achieved by the set of measurements. 27112127 8 44 theme measurements 1570:1581 arg1 set 1563:1565 the set 1559:1565 the set of measurements 1559:1581 Constrained optimization yields not only estimations of sulfate repeats and sulfate level at each position in the chains but also bounds on these levels, thereby estimating the extent of characterization of the sulfation pattern which is achieved by the set of measurements. 27112127 1 45 theme important 230:238 arg1 functions 267:275 important biological and therapeutic functions 230:275 important biological and therapeutic functions 230:275 Complex mixtures of molecular species, such as glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans, have important biological and therapeutic functions. 27112127 4 46 theme mixture 583:589 arg1 composition 591:601 mixture composition 583:601 mixture composition 583:601 The question of how much uncertainty on mixture composition is reduced by combining several measurements still remains mostly unexplored. 27112127 6 47 theme heparan 965:971 arg1 sulfate 973:979 heparan sulfate 965:979 heparan sulfate 965:979 Constrained optimization and mathematical modeling are applied to a set of twenty-three experimental measurements on heparan sulfate, a mixture of linear chains of disaccharides having different levels of sulfation. 27112127 6 47 theme heparan 965:971 arg1 mixture 984:990 a mixture 982:990 a mixture of linear chains of disaccharides having different levels of sulfation 982:1061 Constrained optimization and mathematical modeling are applied to a set of twenty-three experimental measurements on heparan sulfate, a mixture of linear chains of disaccharides having different levels of sulfation. 27112127 8 48 theme pattern 1530:1536 arg1 characterization 1496:1511 characterization 1496:1511 characterization of the sulfation pattern which is achieved by the set of measurements 1496:1581 Constrained optimization yields not only estimations of sulfate repeats and sulfate level at each position in the chains but also bounds on these levels, thereby estimating the extent of characterization of the sulfation pattern which is achieved by the set of measurements. 27112127 7 49 theme mathematical 1135:1146 arg1 modeling 1148:1155 mathematical modeling 1135:1155 mathematical modeling 1135:1155 While this mixture has potentially over two million molecular species, mathematical modeling and the small set of measurements establish the existence of nonhomogeneity of sulfate level along chains and the presence of abundant sulfate repeats. 27112127 2 50 theme generic 389:395 arg1 drugs 397:401 generic drugs 389:401 generic drugs such as biosimilars 389:421 Characterization of these mixtures with analytical chemistry measurements is an important step when developing generic drugs such as biosimilars. 27112127 2 50 theme generic 389:395 arg1 biosimilars 411:421 biosimilars 411:421 biosimilars 411:421 Characterization of these mixtures with analytical chemistry measurements is an important step when developing generic drugs such as biosimilars. 27112127 6 51 theme measurements 949:960 arg1 measurements 949:960 twenty-three experimental measurements 923:960 twenty-three experimental measurements on heparan sulfate, a mixture of linear chains of disaccharides having different levels of sulfation 923:1061 Constrained optimization and mathematical modeling are applied to a set of twenty-three experimental measurements on heparan sulfate, a mixture of linear chains of disaccharides having different levels of sulfation. 27112127 6 51 theme measurements 949:960 arg1 set 916:918 a set 914:918 a set of twenty-three experimental measurements on heparan sulfate, a mixture of linear chains of disaccharides having different levels of sulfation 914:1061 Constrained optimization and mathematical modeling are applied to a set of twenty-three experimental measurements on heparan sulfate, a mixture of linear chains of disaccharides having different levels of sulfation. 27112127 5 52 theme remaining 772:780 arg1 uncertainty 782:792 remaining uncertainty 772:792 remaining uncertainty 772:792 Mathematical frameworks to combine measurements, estimate mixture properties, and quantify remaining uncertainty, i.e. a characterization extent, are introduced here. 27112127 0 53 dep properties 35:44 arg1 extent 67:72 extent 67:72 extent 67:72 Combining measurements to estimate properties and characterization extent of complex biochemical mixtures; applications to Heparan Sulfate. 27112127 6 54 theme Constrained 848:858 arg1 optimization 860:871 Constrained optimization 848:871 Constrained optimization 848:871 Constrained optimization and mathematical modeling are applied to a set of twenty-three experimental measurements on heparan sulfate, a mixture of linear chains of disaccharides having different levels of sulfation. 27112127 5 55 dep frameworks 694:703 arg1 combine 708:714 combine 708:714 combine measurements 708:727 Mathematical frameworks to combine measurements, estimate mixture properties, and quantify remaining uncertainty, i.e. a characterization extent, are introduced here. 27112127 5 55 dep frameworks 694:703 arg1 estimate 730:737 estimate 730:737 estimate mixture properties 730:756 Mathematical frameworks to combine measurements, estimate mixture properties, and quantify remaining uncertainty, i.e. a characterization extent, are introduced here. 27112127 5 55 dep frameworks 694:703 arg1 quantify 763:770 quantify 763:770 quantify remaining uncertainty 763:792 Mathematical frameworks to combine measurements, estimate mixture properties, and quantify remaining uncertainty, i.e. a characterization extent, are introduced here. 27112127 1 56 contain have 225:228 arg1 mixtures 148:155 Complex mixtures 140:155 Complex mixtures of molecular species, such as glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans, 140:223 Complex mixtures of molecular species, such as glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans, have important biological and therapeutic functions. 27112127 1 56 contain have 225:228 arg2 functions 267:275 important biological and therapeutic functions 230:275 important biological and therapeutic functions 230:275 Complex mixtures of molecular species, such as glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans, have important biological and therapeutic functions. 27112127 1 57 theme Complex 140:146 arg1 mixtures 148:155 Complex mixtures 140:155 Complex mixtures of molecular species, such as glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans, 140:223 Complex mixtures of molecular species, such as glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans, have important biological and therapeutic functions. 27112127 6 58 theme experimental 936:947 arg1 measurements 949:960 twenty-three experimental measurements 923:960 twenty-three experimental measurements on heparan sulfate, a mixture of linear chains of disaccharides having different levels of sulfation 923:1061 Constrained optimization and mathematical modeling are applied to a set of twenty-three experimental measurements on heparan sulfate, a mixture of linear chains of disaccharides having different levels of sulfation. 27112127 1 59 dep important 230:238 arg1 biological 240:249 biological 240:249 biological 240:249 Complex mixtures of molecular species, such as glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans, have important biological and therapeutic functions. 27112127 8 60 from position 1407:1414 arg1 chains 1423:1428 the chains 1419:1428 the chains 1419:1428 Constrained optimization yields not only estimations of sulfate repeats and sulfate level at each position in the chains but also bounds on these levels, thereby estimating the extent of characterization of the sulfation pattern which is achieved by the set of measurements. 27112127 8 60 from position 1407:1414 arg1 bounds 1439:1444 bounds 1439:1444 not only estimations of sulfate repeats and sulfate level at each position in the chains but also bounds on these levels 1341:1460 Constrained optimization yields not only estimations of sulfate repeats and sulfate level at each position in the chains but also bounds on these levels, thereby estimating the extent of characterization of the sulfation pattern which is achieved by the set of measurements. 27112127 8 60 from position 1407:1414 arg1 estimations 1350:1360 estimations 1350:1360 not only estimations of sulfate repeats and sulfate level at each position in the chains but also bounds on these levels 1341:1460 Constrained optimization yields not only estimations of sulfate repeats and sulfate level at each position in the chains but also bounds on these levels, thereby estimating the extent of characterization of the sulfation pattern which is achieved by the set of measurements. 27112127 0 61 theme complex 77:83 arg1 mixtures 97:104 complex biochemical mixtures 77:104 complex biochemical mixtures 77:104 Combining measurements to estimate properties and characterization extent of complex biochemical mixtures; applications to Heparan Sulfate. 27112127 6 62 theme twenty-three 923:934 arg1 measurements 949:960 twenty-three experimental measurements 923:960 twenty-three experimental measurements on heparan sulfate, a mixture of linear chains of disaccharides having different levels of sulfation 923:1061 Constrained optimization and mathematical modeling are applied to a set of twenty-three experimental measurements on heparan sulfate, a mixture of linear chains of disaccharides having different levels of sulfation. 27112127 7 63 theme million 1108:1114 arg1 species 1126:1132 two million molecular species 1104:1132 two million molecular species 1104:1132 While this mixture has potentially over two million molecular species, mathematical modeling and the small set of measurements establish the existence of nonhomogeneity of sulfate level along chains and the presence of abundant sulfate repeats. 27112127 8 64 theme sulfation 1520:1528 arg1 pattern 1530:1536 the sulfation pattern 1516:1536 the sulfation pattern which is achieved by the set of measurements 1516:1581 Constrained optimization yields not only estimations of sulfate repeats and sulfate level at each position in the chains but also bounds on these levels, thereby estimating the extent of characterization of the sulfation pattern which is achieved by the set of measurements. 27112127 8 65 theme sulfate 1365:1371 arg1 repeats 1373:1379 sulfate repeats 1365:1379 sulfate repeats 1365:1379 Constrained optimization yields not only estimations of sulfate repeats and sulfate level at each position in the chains but also bounds on these levels, thereby estimating the extent of characterization of the sulfation pattern which is achieved by the set of measurements. 27112127 1 66 theme therapeutic 255:265 arg1 functions 267:275 important biological and therapeutic functions 230:275 important biological and therapeutic functions 230:275 Complex mixtures of molecular species, such as glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans, have important biological and therapeutic functions. 27112127 5 67 dep extent 819:824 arg1 i.e. 795:798 i.e. 795:798 i.e. 795:798 Mathematical frameworks to combine measurements, estimate mixture properties, and quantify remaining uncertainty, i.e. a characterization extent, are introduced here. 27112127 4 68 theme much 563:566 arg1 uncertainty 568:578 much uncertainty 563:578 much uncertainty on mixture composition 563:601 The question of how much uncertainty on mixture composition is reduced by combining several measurements still remains mostly unexplored. 27112127 0 69 dep Combining 0:8 arg1 applications 107:118 applications 107:118 applications to Heparan Sulfate 107:137 Combining measurements to estimate properties and characterization extent of complex biochemical mixtures; applications to Heparan Sulfate. 27112127 1 70 theme molecular 160:168 arg1 glycoproteins 187:199 glycoproteins 187:199 glycoproteins 187:199 Complex mixtures of molecular species, such as glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans, have important biological and therapeutic functions. 27112127 1 70 theme molecular 160:168 arg1 species 170:176 molecular species 160:176 molecular species 160:176 Complex mixtures of molecular species, such as glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans, have important biological and therapeutic functions. 27112127 1 70 theme molecular 160:168 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 205:222 glycosaminoglycans 205:222 glycosaminoglycans 205:222 Complex mixtures of molecular species, such as glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans, have important biological and therapeutic functions. 27112127 6 71 theme sulfation 1053:1061 arg1 levels 1043:1048 different levels 1033:1048 different levels of sulfation 1033:1061 Constrained optimization and mathematical modeling are applied to a set of twenty-three experimental measurements on heparan sulfate, a mixture of linear chains of disaccharides having different levels of sulfation. 27374517 2 0 dep coli 440:443 arg1 coli 449:452 E. coli 446:452 E. coli 446:452 The influence of interfacial structure of emulsion (OVA-GA bilayer and OVA/GA complexes emulsions) on the physical properties and antimicrobial activity of thyme oil (TO) emulsion against Escherichia coli (E. coli) was evaluated. 27374517 5 1 theme improved 834:841 arg1 activity 867:874 an improved long-term antimicrobial activity 831:874 an improved long-term antimicrobial activity 831:874 The stable emulsion showed a higher minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the TO emulsions showed an improved long-term antimicrobial activity compared to the pure thyme oil, especially complexes emulsion at pH 4.0. 27374517 5 2 theme long-term 843:851 arg1 activity 867:874 an improved long-term antimicrobial activity 831:874 an improved long-term antimicrobial activity 831:874 The stable emulsion showed a higher minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the TO emulsions showed an improved long-term antimicrobial activity compared to the pure thyme oil, especially complexes emulsion at pH 4.0. 27374517 3 3 theme long 586:589 arg1 period 599:604 a long storage period 584:604 a long storage period 584:604 The results revealed that the two types of emulsions with different oil phase compositions remained stable during a long storage period. 27374517 1 4 theme Natural 101:107 arg1 emulsions 144:152 Natural biopolymer stabilized oil-in-water emulsions 101:152 Natural biopolymer stabilized oil-in-water emulsions 101:152 Natural biopolymer stabilized oil-in-water emulsions were formulated using ovalbumin (OVA), gum arabic (GA) solutions and their complexes. 27374517 2 5 theme structure 269:277 arg1 influence 244:252 The influence 240:252 The influence of interfacial structure of emulsion (OVA-GA bilayer and OVA/GA complexes emulsions) on the physical properties and antimicrobial activity of thyme oil (TO) emulsion against Escherichia coli (E. coli) 240:453 The influence of interfacial structure of emulsion (OVA-GA bilayer and OVA/GA complexes emulsions) on the physical properties and antimicrobial activity of thyme oil (TO) emulsion against Escherichia coli (E. coli) was evaluated. 27374517 4 6 theme mean 669:672 arg1 diameter 683:690 the mean particle diameter 665:690 the mean particle diameter 665:690 The oil phase composition had an appreciable influence on the mean particle diameter and retention of the TO emulsions. 27374517 5 7 theme pure 892:895 arg1 oil 903:905 the pure thyme oil 888:905 the pure thyme oil 888:905 The stable emulsion showed a higher minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the TO emulsions showed an improved long-term antimicrobial activity compared to the pure thyme oil, especially complexes emulsion at pH 4.0. 27374517 5 7 theme pure 892:895 arg1 emulsion 929:936 complexes emulsion 919:936 complexes emulsion at pH 4.0 919:946 The stable emulsion showed a higher minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the TO emulsions showed an improved long-term antimicrobial activity compared to the pure thyme oil, especially complexes emulsion at pH 4.0. 27374517 2 8 theme oil 402:404 arg1 emulsion 411:418 thyme oil (TO) emulsion 396:418 thyme oil (TO) emulsion against Escherichia coli (E. coli) 396:453 The influence of interfacial structure of emulsion (OVA-GA bilayer and OVA/GA complexes emulsions) on the physical properties and antimicrobial activity of thyme oil (TO) emulsion against Escherichia coli (E. coli) was evaluated. 27374517 2 9 theme interfacial 257:267 arg1 structure 269:277 interfacial structure 257:277 interfacial structure of emulsion (OVA-GA bilayer and OVA/GA complexes emulsions) 257:337 The influence of interfacial structure of emulsion (OVA-GA bilayer and OVA/GA complexes emulsions) on the physical properties and antimicrobial activity of thyme oil (TO) emulsion against Escherichia coli (E. coli) was evaluated. 27374517 4 10 theme phase 615:619 arg1 composition 621:631 The oil phase composition 607:631 The oil phase composition 607:631 The oil phase composition had an appreciable influence on the mean particle diameter and retention of the TO emulsions. 27374517 5 11 theme stable 731:736 arg1 emulsion 738:745 The stable emulsion 727:745 The stable emulsion 727:745 The stable emulsion showed a higher minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the TO emulsions showed an improved long-term antimicrobial activity compared to the pure thyme oil, especially complexes emulsion at pH 4.0. 27374517 0 12 theme Physical 0:7 arg1 properties 27:36 Physical and antimicrobial properties 0:36 Physical and antimicrobial properties of thyme oil emulsions 0:59 Physical and antimicrobial properties of thyme oil emulsions stabilized by ovalbumin and gum arabic. 27374517 6 13 theme essential 1042:1050 arg1 oil 1052:1054 essential oil 1042:1054 essential oil using biopolymer 1042:1071 These results provided useful information for developing protection and delivery systems for essential oil using biopolymer. 27374517 2 14 theme antimicrobial 370:382 arg1 activity 384:391 antimicrobial activity 370:391 antimicrobial activity 370:391 The influence of interfacial structure of emulsion (OVA-GA bilayer and OVA/GA complexes emulsions) on the physical properties and antimicrobial activity of thyme oil (TO) emulsion against Escherichia coli (E. coli) was evaluated. 27374517 5 15 theme higher 756:761 arg1 MIC 797:799 MIC 797:799 MIC 797:799 The stable emulsion showed a higher minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the TO emulsions showed an improved long-term antimicrobial activity compared to the pure thyme oil, especially complexes emulsion at pH 4.0. 27374517 5 15 theme higher 756:761 arg1 concentration 782:794 a higher minimum inhibitory concentration 754:794 a higher minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 754:800 The stable emulsion showed a higher minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the TO emulsions showed an improved long-term antimicrobial activity compared to the pure thyme oil, especially complexes emulsion at pH 4.0. 27374517 5 16 from pH 941:942 arg1 oil 903:905 the pure thyme oil 888:905 the pure thyme oil 888:905 The stable emulsion showed a higher minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the TO emulsions showed an improved long-term antimicrobial activity compared to the pure thyme oil, especially complexes emulsion at pH 4.0. 27374517 5 16 from pH 941:942 arg1 emulsion 929:936 complexes emulsion 919:936 complexes emulsion at pH 4.0 919:946 The stable emulsion showed a higher minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the TO emulsions showed an improved long-term antimicrobial activity compared to the pure thyme oil, especially complexes emulsion at pH 4.0. 27374517 6 17 theme delivery 1021:1028 arg1 systems 1030:1036 protection and delivery systems 1006:1036 systems 1030:1036 These results provided useful information for developing protection and delivery systems for essential oil using biopolymer. 27374517 2 18 theme emulsion 411:418 arg1 properties 355:364 physical properties 346:364 physical properties 346:364 The influence of interfacial structure of emulsion (OVA-GA bilayer and OVA/GA complexes emulsions) on the physical properties and antimicrobial activity of thyme oil (TO) emulsion against Escherichia coli (E. coli) was evaluated. 27374517 2 18 theme emulsion 411:418 arg1 activity 384:391 antimicrobial activity 370:391 antimicrobial activity 370:391 The influence of interfacial structure of emulsion (OVA-GA bilayer and OVA/GA complexes emulsions) on the physical properties and antimicrobial activity of thyme oil (TO) emulsion against Escherichia coli (E. coli) was evaluated. 27374517 3 19 theme emulsions 513:521 arg1 types 504:508 the two types 496:508 the two types of emulsions with different oil phase compositions 496:559 The results revealed that the two types of emulsions with different oil phase compositions remained stable during a long storage period. 27374517 2 20 dep emulsion 411:418 arg1 TO 407:408 TO 407:408 TO 407:408 The influence of interfacial structure of emulsion (OVA-GA bilayer and OVA/GA complexes emulsions) on the physical properties and antimicrobial activity of thyme oil (TO) emulsion against Escherichia coli (E. coli) was evaluated. 27374517 2 21 theme OVA-GA 292:297 arg1 bilayer 299:305 OVA-GA bilayer 292:305 OVA-GA bilayer 292:305 The influence of interfacial structure of emulsion (OVA-GA bilayer and OVA/GA complexes emulsions) on the physical properties and antimicrobial activity of thyme oil (TO) emulsion against Escherichia coli (E. coli) was evaluated. 27374517 5 22 theme inhibitory 771:780 arg1 MIC 797:799 MIC 797:799 MIC 797:799 The stable emulsion showed a higher minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the TO emulsions showed an improved long-term antimicrobial activity compared to the pure thyme oil, especially complexes emulsion at pH 4.0. 27374517 5 22 theme inhibitory 771:780 arg1 concentration 782:794 a higher minimum inhibitory concentration 754:794 a higher minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 754:800 The stable emulsion showed a higher minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the TO emulsions showed an improved long-term antimicrobial activity compared to the pure thyme oil, especially complexes emulsion at pH 4.0. 27374517 5 23 theme minimum 763:769 arg1 MIC 797:799 MIC 797:799 MIC 797:799 The stable emulsion showed a higher minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the TO emulsions showed an improved long-term antimicrobial activity compared to the pure thyme oil, especially complexes emulsion at pH 4.0. 27374517 5 23 theme minimum 763:769 arg1 concentration 782:794 a higher minimum inhibitory concentration 754:794 a higher minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 754:800 The stable emulsion showed a higher minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the TO emulsions showed an improved long-term antimicrobial activity compared to the pure thyme oil, especially complexes emulsion at pH 4.0. 27374517 4 24 theme the 709:711 arg1 retention 696:704 retention 696:704 retention of the TO emulsions 696:724 The oil phase composition had an appreciable influence on the mean particle diameter and retention of the TO emulsions. 27374517 4 24 theme the 709:711 arg1 diameter 683:690 the mean particle diameter 665:690 the mean particle diameter 665:690 The oil phase composition had an appreciable influence on the mean particle diameter and retention of the TO emulsions. 27374517 2 25 dep bilayer 299:305 arg1 emulsions 328:336 emulsions 328:336 emulsions 328:336 The influence of interfacial structure of emulsion (OVA-GA bilayer and OVA/GA complexes emulsions) on the physical properties and antimicrobial activity of thyme oil (TO) emulsion against Escherichia coli (E. coli) was evaluated. 27374517 1 26 theme gum 193:195 arg1 solutions 209:217 gum arabic (GA) solutions 193:217 gum arabic (GA) solutions 193:217 Natural biopolymer stabilized oil-in-water emulsions were formulated using ovalbumin (OVA), gum arabic (GA) solutions and their complexes. 27374517 0 27 dep ovalbumin 75:83 arg1 arabic 93:98 arabic 93:98 arabic 93:98 Physical and antimicrobial properties of thyme oil emulsions stabilized by ovalbumin and gum arabic. 27374517 5 28 theme complexes 919:927 arg1 oil 903:905 the pure thyme oil 888:905 the pure thyme oil 888:905 The stable emulsion showed a higher minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the TO emulsions showed an improved long-term antimicrobial activity compared to the pure thyme oil, especially complexes emulsion at pH 4.0. 27374517 5 28 theme complexes 919:927 arg1 emulsion 929:936 complexes emulsion 919:936 complexes emulsion at pH 4.0 919:946 The stable emulsion showed a higher minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the TO emulsions showed an improved long-term antimicrobial activity compared to the pure thyme oil, especially complexes emulsion at pH 4.0. 27374517 2 29 theme emulsion 282:289 arg1 structure 269:277 interfacial structure 257:277 interfacial structure of emulsion (OVA-GA bilayer and OVA/GA complexes emulsions) 257:337 The influence of interfacial structure of emulsion (OVA-GA bilayer and OVA/GA complexes emulsions) on the physical properties and antimicrobial activity of thyme oil (TO) emulsion against Escherichia coli (E. coli) was evaluated. 27374517 2 30 from influence 244:252 arg1 properties 355:364 physical properties 346:364 physical properties 346:364 The influence of interfacial structure of emulsion (OVA-GA bilayer and OVA/GA complexes emulsions) on the physical properties and antimicrobial activity of thyme oil (TO) emulsion against Escherichia coli (E. coli) was evaluated. 27374517 2 30 from influence 244:252 arg1 activity 384:391 antimicrobial activity 370:391 antimicrobial activity 370:391 The influence of interfacial structure of emulsion (OVA-GA bilayer and OVA/GA complexes emulsions) on the physical properties and antimicrobial activity of thyme oil (TO) emulsion against Escherichia coli (E. coli) was evaluated. 27374517 1 31 theme arabic 197:202 arg1 solutions 209:217 gum arabic (GA) solutions 193:217 gum arabic (GA) solutions 193:217 Natural biopolymer stabilized oil-in-water emulsions were formulated using ovalbumin (OVA), gum arabic (GA) solutions and their complexes. 27374517 0 32 theme thyme 41:45 arg1 emulsions 51:59 thyme oil emulsions 41:59 thyme oil emulsions 41:59 Physical and antimicrobial properties of thyme oil emulsions stabilized by ovalbumin and gum arabic. 27374517 2 33 dep emulsion 282:289 arg1 complexes 318:326 OVA/GA complexes 311:326 OVA/GA complexes 311:326 The influence of interfacial structure of emulsion (OVA-GA bilayer and OVA/GA complexes emulsions) on the physical properties and antimicrobial activity of thyme oil (TO) emulsion against Escherichia coli (E. coli) was evaluated. 27374517 2 33 dep emulsion 282:289 arg1 bilayer 299:305 OVA-GA bilayer 292:305 OVA-GA bilayer 292:305 The influence of interfacial structure of emulsion (OVA-GA bilayer and OVA/GA complexes emulsions) on the physical properties and antimicrobial activity of thyme oil (TO) emulsion against Escherichia coli (E. coli) was evaluated. 27374517 3 34 with emulsions 513:521 arg1 compositions 548:559 different oil phase compositions 528:559 different oil phase compositions 528:559 The results revealed that the two types of emulsions with different oil phase compositions remained stable during a long storage period. 27374517 2 35 theme thyme 396:400 arg1 emulsion 411:418 thyme oil (TO) emulsion 396:418 thyme oil (TO) emulsion against Escherichia coli (E. coli) 396:453 The influence of interfacial structure of emulsion (OVA-GA bilayer and OVA/GA complexes emulsions) on the physical properties and antimicrobial activity of thyme oil (TO) emulsion against Escherichia coli (E. coli) was evaluated. 27374517 4 36 theme appreciable 640:650 arg1 influence 652:660 an appreciable influence 637:660 an appreciable influence 637:660 The oil phase composition had an appreciable influence on the mean particle diameter and retention of the TO emulsions. 27374517 3 37 theme storage 591:597 arg1 period 599:604 a long storage period 584:604 a long storage period 584:604 The results revealed that the two types of emulsions with different oil phase compositions remained stable during a long storage period. 27374517 1 38 theme GA 205:206 arg1 solutions 209:217 gum arabic (GA) solutions 193:217 gum arabic (GA) solutions 193:217 Natural biopolymer stabilized oil-in-water emulsions were formulated using ovalbumin (OVA), gum arabic (GA) solutions and their complexes. 27374517 0 39 theme emulsions 51:59 arg1 properties 27:36 Physical and antimicrobial properties 0:36 Physical and antimicrobial properties of thyme oil emulsions 0:59 Physical and antimicrobial properties of thyme oil emulsions stabilized by ovalbumin and gum arabic. 27374517 3 40 theme oil 538:540 arg1 compositions 548:559 different oil phase compositions 528:559 different oil phase compositions 528:559 The results revealed that the two types of emulsions with different oil phase compositions remained stable during a long storage period. 27374517 1 41 theme biopolymer 109:118 arg1 emulsions 144:152 Natural biopolymer stabilized oil-in-water emulsions 101:152 Natural biopolymer stabilized oil-in-water emulsions 101:152 Natural biopolymer stabilized oil-in-water emulsions were formulated using ovalbumin (OVA), gum arabic (GA) solutions and their complexes. 27374517 0 42 theme oil 47:49 arg1 emulsions 51:59 thyme oil emulsions 41:59 thyme oil emulsions 41:59 Physical and antimicrobial properties of thyme oil emulsions stabilized by ovalbumin and gum arabic. 27374517 3 43 theme phase 542:546 arg1 compositions 548:559 different oil phase compositions 528:559 different oil phase compositions 528:559 The results revealed that the two types of emulsions with different oil phase compositions remained stable during a long storage period. 27374517 1 44 theme stabilized 120:129 arg1 emulsions 144:152 Natural biopolymer stabilized oil-in-water emulsions 101:152 Natural biopolymer stabilized oil-in-water emulsions 101:152 Natural biopolymer stabilized oil-in-water emulsions were formulated using ovalbumin (OVA), gum arabic (GA) solutions and their complexes. 27374517 4 45 contain had 633:635 arg1 composition 621:631 The oil phase composition 607:631 The oil phase composition 607:631 The oil phase composition had an appreciable influence on the mean particle diameter and retention of the TO emulsions. 27374517 4 45 contain had 633:635 arg2 influence 652:660 an appreciable influence 637:660 an appreciable influence 637:660 The oil phase composition had an appreciable influence on the mean particle diameter and retention of the TO emulsions. 27374517 1 46 theme oil-in-water 131:142 arg1 emulsions 144:152 Natural biopolymer stabilized oil-in-water emulsions 101:152 Natural biopolymer stabilized oil-in-water emulsions 101:152 Natural biopolymer stabilized oil-in-water emulsions were formulated using ovalbumin (OVA), gum arabic (GA) solutions and their complexes. 27374517 5 47 theme thyme 897:901 arg1 oil 903:905 the pure thyme oil 888:905 the pure thyme oil 888:905 The stable emulsion showed a higher minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the TO emulsions showed an improved long-term antimicrobial activity compared to the pure thyme oil, especially complexes emulsion at pH 4.0. 27374517 5 47 theme thyme 897:901 arg1 emulsion 929:936 complexes emulsion 919:936 complexes emulsion at pH 4.0 919:946 The stable emulsion showed a higher minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the TO emulsions showed an improved long-term antimicrobial activity compared to the pure thyme oil, especially complexes emulsion at pH 4.0. 27374517 6 48 theme useful 972:977 arg1 information 979:989 useful information 972:989 useful information for developing protection and delivery systems for essential oil using biopolymer 972:1071 These results provided useful information for developing protection and delivery systems for essential oil using biopolymer. 27374517 5 49 theme antimicrobial 853:865 arg1 activity 867:874 an improved long-term antimicrobial activity 831:874 an improved long-term antimicrobial activity 831:874 The stable emulsion showed a higher minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the TO emulsions showed an improved long-term antimicrobial activity compared to the pure thyme oil, especially complexes emulsion at pH 4.0. 27374517 2 50 dep properties 355:364 arg1 the 342:344 the 342:344 the 342:344 The influence of interfacial structure of emulsion (OVA-GA bilayer and OVA/GA complexes emulsions) on the physical properties and antimicrobial activity of thyme oil (TO) emulsion against Escherichia coli (E. coli) was evaluated. 27374517 4 51 theme particle 674:681 arg1 diameter 683:690 the mean particle diameter 665:690 the mean particle diameter 665:690 The oil phase composition had an appreciable influence on the mean particle diameter and retention of the TO emulsions. 27374517 2 52 theme OVA/GA 311:316 arg1 complexes 318:326 OVA/GA complexes 311:326 OVA/GA complexes 311:326 The influence of interfacial structure of emulsion (OVA-GA bilayer and OVA/GA complexes emulsions) on the physical properties and antimicrobial activity of thyme oil (TO) emulsion against Escherichia coli (E. coli) was evaluated. 27374517 6 53 theme protection 1006:1015 arg1 systems 1030:1036 protection and delivery systems 1006:1036 systems 1030:1036 These results provided useful information for developing protection and delivery systems for essential oil using biopolymer. 27374517 2 54 theme physical 346:353 arg1 properties 355:364 physical properties 346:364 physical properties 346:364 The influence of interfacial structure of emulsion (OVA-GA bilayer and OVA/GA complexes emulsions) on the physical properties and antimicrobial activity of thyme oil (TO) emulsion against Escherichia coli (E. coli) was evaluated. 27374517 4 55 theme oil 611:613 arg1 composition 621:631 The oil phase composition 607:631 The oil phase composition 607:631 The oil phase composition had an appreciable influence on the mean particle diameter and retention of the TO emulsions. 27374517 0 56 theme antimicrobial 13:25 arg1 properties 27:36 Physical and antimicrobial properties 0:36 Physical and antimicrobial properties of thyme oil emulsions 0:59 Physical and antimicrobial properties of thyme oil emulsions stabilized by ovalbumin and gum arabic. 27374517 3 57 theme different 528:536 arg1 compositions 548:559 different oil phase compositions 528:559 different oil phase compositions 528:559 The results revealed that the two types of emulsions with different oil phase compositions remained stable during a long storage period. 28606546 0 0 theme chronic 89:95 arg1 ulcers 101:106 chronic leg ulcers 89:106 chronic leg ulcers 89:106 Advanced multi-targeted composite biomaterial dressing for pain and infection control in chronic leg ulcers. 28606546 2 1 theme mechanical 477:486 arg1 strength 488:495 mechanical strength 477:495 mechanical strength 477:495 Composite carrageenan (CARR) and hyaluronic acid (HA) dressings loaded with lidocaine (LID) and AgNPs were formulated as freeze-dried wafers and functionally characterized for porous microstructure (morphology), mechanical strength, moisture handling properties, swelling, adhesion and LID release. 28606546 1 2 from ulcers 241:246 arg1 adults 257:262 older adults 251:262 older adults 251:262 This study aimed to develop advanced biomaterial polysaccharide based dressings to manage pain associated with infected chronic leg ulcers in older adults. 28606546 1 3 theme polysaccharide 158:171 arg1 dressings 179:187 advanced biomaterial polysaccharide based dressings 137:187 advanced biomaterial polysaccharide based dressings 137:187 This study aimed to develop advanced biomaterial polysaccharide based dressings to manage pain associated with infected chronic leg ulcers in older adults. 28606546 3 4 theme cell 710:713 arg1 studies 725:731 cell viability studies 710:731 cell viability studies (MTT) 710:737 Antimicrobial activity of AgNPs was evaluated (turbidity assay) against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus whilst cell viability studies (MTT) was performed on normal adult human primary epidermal keratinocyte cells. 28606546 3 4 theme cell 710:713 arg1 MTT 734:736 MTT 734:736 MTT 734:736 Antimicrobial activity of AgNPs was evaluated (turbidity assay) against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus whilst cell viability studies (MTT) was performed on normal adult human primary epidermal keratinocyte cells. 28606546 4 5 from appearance 859:868 arg1 wafers 817:822 The wafers 813:822 The wafers 813:822 The wafers were soft, flexible and elegant in appearance. 28606546 4 5 from appearance 859:868 arg1 soft 829:832 soft 829:832 soft 829:832 The wafers were soft, flexible and elegant in appearance. 28606546 1 6 theme based 173:177 arg1 dressings 179:187 advanced biomaterial polysaccharide based dressings 137:187 advanced biomaterial polysaccharide based dressings 137:187 This study aimed to develop advanced biomaterial polysaccharide based dressings to manage pain associated with infected chronic leg ulcers in older adults. 28606546 6 7 theme Water 1101:1105 arg1 uptake 1107:1112 Water uptake 1101:1112 Water uptake 1101:1112 Water uptake was influenced by HA, whilst equilibrium water content and LID release were similar for all the formulations, showing controlled release up to 6h. 28606546 9 8 theme leg 1603:1605 arg1 ulcers 1607:1612 infected chronic leg ulcers 1586:1612 infected chronic leg ulcers 1586:1612 CARR/HA wafers seem to be a promising system to simultaneously deliver LID and AgNPs, directly to infected chronic leg ulcers. 28606546 9 9 theme promising 1516:1524 arg1 wafers 1496:1501 CARR/HA wafers 1488:1501 CARR/HA wafers 1488:1501 CARR/HA wafers seem to be a promising system to simultaneously deliver LID and AgNPs, directly to infected chronic leg ulcers. 28606546 9 9 theme promising 1516:1524 arg1 system 1526:1531 a promising system 1514:1531 a promising system to simultaneously deliver LID and AgNPs, directly to infected chronic leg ulcers 1514:1612 CARR/HA wafers seem to be a promising system to simultaneously deliver LID and AgNPs, directly to infected chronic leg ulcers. 28606546 8 10 theme AgNPs/LID 1414:1422 arg1 wafers 1431:1436 the AgNPs/LID loaded wafers 1410:1436 the AgNPs/LID loaded wafers 1410:1436 MTT assay showed evidence that the AgNPs/LID loaded wafers did not interfere with cell viability and growth. 28606546 0 11 theme leg 97:99 arg1 ulcers 101:106 chronic leg ulcers 89:106 chronic leg ulcers 89:106 Advanced multi-targeted composite biomaterial dressing for pain and infection control in chronic leg ulcers. 28606546 5 12 theme wafer 887:891 arg1 structure 893:901 the wafer structure 883:901 the wafer structure 883:901 HA affected the wafer structure by increasing the resistance to compression but still possessed a balance between toughness and flexibility to withstand normal stresses and prevent damage to newly formed skin tissue respectively. 28606546 7 13 theme AgNPs 1261:1265 arg1 wafers 1282:1287 AgNPs loaded CARR/HA wafers 1261:1287 AgNPs loaded CARR/HA wafers 1261:1287 AgNPs loaded CARR/HA wafers were effective in inhibiting the growth of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. 28606546 2 14 theme handling 507:514 arg1 properties 516:525 moisture handling properties 498:525 moisture handling properties 498:525 Composite carrageenan (CARR) and hyaluronic acid (HA) dressings loaded with lidocaine (LID) and AgNPs were formulated as freeze-dried wafers and functionally characterized for porous microstructure (morphology), mechanical strength, moisture handling properties, swelling, adhesion and LID release. 28606546 6 15 theme LID 1173:1175 arg1 release 1177:1183 LID release 1173:1183 LID release 1173:1183 Water uptake was influenced by HA, whilst equilibrium water content and LID release were similar for all the formulations, showing controlled release up to 6h. 28606546 2 16 theme moisture 498:505 arg1 properties 516:525 moisture handling properties 498:525 moisture handling properties 498:525 Composite carrageenan (CARR) and hyaluronic acid (HA) dressings loaded with lidocaine (LID) and AgNPs were formulated as freeze-dried wafers and functionally characterized for porous microstructure (morphology), mechanical strength, moisture handling properties, swelling, adhesion and LID release. 28606546 3 17 theme viability 715:723 arg1 studies 725:731 cell viability studies 710:731 cell viability studies (MTT) 710:737 Antimicrobial activity of AgNPs was evaluated (turbidity assay) against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus whilst cell viability studies (MTT) was performed on normal adult human primary epidermal keratinocyte cells. 28606546 3 17 theme viability 715:723 arg1 MTT 734:736 MTT 734:736 MTT 734:736 Antimicrobial activity of AgNPs was evaluated (turbidity assay) against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus whilst cell viability studies (MTT) was performed on normal adult human primary epidermal keratinocyte cells. 28606546 2 18 theme porous 441:446 arg1 morphology 464:473 morphology 464:473 morphology 464:473 Composite carrageenan (CARR) and hyaluronic acid (HA) dressings loaded with lidocaine (LID) and AgNPs were formulated as freeze-dried wafers and functionally characterized for porous microstructure (morphology), mechanical strength, moisture handling properties, swelling, adhesion and LID release. 28606546 2 18 theme porous 441:446 arg1 microstructure 448:461 porous microstructure 441:461 porous microstructure (morphology) 441:474 Composite carrageenan (CARR) and hyaluronic acid (HA) dressings loaded with lidocaine (LID) and AgNPs were formulated as freeze-dried wafers and functionally characterized for porous microstructure (morphology), mechanical strength, moisture handling properties, swelling, adhesion and LID release. 28606546 0 19 theme multi-targeted 9:22 arg1 dressing 46:53 Advanced multi-targeted composite biomaterial dressing 0:53 Advanced multi-targeted composite biomaterial dressing for pain and infection control in chronic leg ulcers. 0:107 Advanced multi-targeted composite biomaterial dressing for pain and infection control in chronic leg ulcers. 28606546 0 20 from dressing 46:53 arg1 ulcers 101:106 chronic leg ulcers 89:106 chronic leg ulcers 89:106 Advanced multi-targeted composite biomaterial dressing for pain and infection control in chronic leg ulcers. 28606546 5 21 contain possessed 957:965 arg2 balance 969:975 a balance 967:975 a balance between toughness and flexibility to withstand normal stresses and prevent damage to newly formed skin tissue respectively 967:1098 HA affected the wafer structure by increasing the resistance to compression but still possessed a balance between toughness and flexibility to withstand normal stresses and prevent damage to newly formed skin tissue respectively. 28606546 5 21 contain possessed 957:965 arg1 HA 871:872 HA 871:872 HA 871:872 HA affected the wafer structure by increasing the resistance to compression but still possessed a balance between toughness and flexibility to withstand normal stresses and prevent damage to newly formed skin tissue respectively. 28606546 0 22 theme Advanced 0:7 arg1 dressing 46:53 Advanced multi-targeted composite biomaterial dressing 0:53 Advanced multi-targeted composite biomaterial dressing for pain and infection control in chronic leg ulcers. 0:107 Advanced multi-targeted composite biomaterial dressing for pain and infection control in chronic leg ulcers. 28606546 6 23 theme release 1243:1249 arg1 up 1251:1252 controlled release up 1232:1252 controlled release up to 6h 1232:1258 Water uptake was influenced by HA, whilst equilibrium water content and LID release were similar for all the formulations, showing controlled release up to 6h. 28606546 3 24 theme Antimicrobial 564:576 arg1 activity 578:585 Antimicrobial activity 564:585 Antimicrobial activity of AgNPs 564:594 Antimicrobial activity of AgNPs was evaluated (turbidity assay) against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus whilst cell viability studies (MTT) was performed on normal adult human primary epidermal keratinocyte cells. 28606546 5 25 theme skin 1075:1078 arg1 tissue 1080:1085 newly formed skin tissue 1062:1085 newly formed skin tissue 1062:1085 HA affected the wafer structure by increasing the resistance to compression but still possessed a balance between toughness and flexibility to withstand normal stresses and prevent damage to newly formed skin tissue respectively. 28606546 0 26 theme biomaterial 34:44 arg1 dressing 46:53 Advanced multi-targeted composite biomaterial dressing 0:53 Advanced multi-targeted composite biomaterial dressing for pain and infection control in chronic leg ulcers. 0:107 Advanced multi-targeted composite biomaterial dressing for pain and infection control in chronic leg ulcers. 28606546 9 27 theme infected 1586:1593 arg1 ulcers 1607:1612 infected chronic leg ulcers 1586:1612 infected chronic leg ulcers 1586:1612 CARR/HA wafers seem to be a promising system to simultaneously deliver LID and AgNPs, directly to infected chronic leg ulcers. 28606546 2 28 theme acid 309:312 arg1 wafers 399:404 freeze-dried wafers 386:404 freeze-dried wafers 386:404 Composite carrageenan (CARR) and hyaluronic acid (HA) dressings loaded with lidocaine (LID) and AgNPs were formulated as freeze-dried wafers and functionally characterized for porous microstructure (morphology), mechanical strength, moisture handling properties, swelling, adhesion and LID release. 28606546 2 28 theme acid 309:312 arg1 dressings 319:327 Composite carrageenan (CARR) and hyaluronic acid (HA) dressings 265:327 Composite carrageenan (CARR) and hyaluronic acid (HA) dressings loaded with lidocaine (LID) and AgNPs 265:365 Composite carrageenan (CARR) and hyaluronic acid (HA) dressings loaded with lidocaine (LID) and AgNPs were formulated as freeze-dried wafers and functionally characterized for porous microstructure (morphology), mechanical strength, moisture handling properties, swelling, adhesion and LID release. 28606546 6 29 theme controlled 1232:1241 arg1 up 1251:1252 controlled release up 1232:1252 controlled release up to 6h 1232:1258 Water uptake was influenced by HA, whilst equilibrium water content and LID release were similar for all the formulations, showing controlled release up to 6h. 28606546 3 30 dep evaluated 600:608 arg1 assay 621:625 turbidity assay 611:625 turbidity assay 611:625 Antimicrobial activity of AgNPs was evaluated (turbidity assay) against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus whilst cell viability studies (MTT) was performed on normal adult human primary epidermal keratinocyte cells. 28606546 0 31 theme composite 24:32 arg1 dressing 46:53 Advanced multi-targeted composite biomaterial dressing 0:53 Advanced multi-targeted composite biomaterial dressing for pain and infection control in chronic leg ulcers. 0:107 Advanced multi-targeted composite biomaterial dressing for pain and infection control in chronic leg ulcers. 28606546 5 32 theme formed 1068:1073 arg1 tissue 1080:1085 newly formed skin tissue 1062:1085 newly formed skin tissue 1062:1085 HA affected the wafer structure by increasing the resistance to compression but still possessed a balance between toughness and flexibility to withstand normal stresses and prevent damage to newly formed skin tissue respectively. 28606546 2 33 theme hyaluronic 298:307 arg1 acid 309:312 hyaluronic acid 298:312 hyaluronic acid (HA) 298:317 Composite carrageenan (CARR) and hyaluronic acid (HA) dressings loaded with lidocaine (LID) and AgNPs were formulated as freeze-dried wafers and functionally characterized for porous microstructure (morphology), mechanical strength, moisture handling properties, swelling, adhesion and LID release. 28606546 2 33 theme hyaluronic 298:307 arg1 HA 315:316 HA 315:316 HA 315:316 Composite carrageenan (CARR) and hyaluronic acid (HA) dressings loaded with lidocaine (LID) and AgNPs were formulated as freeze-dried wafers and functionally characterized for porous microstructure (morphology), mechanical strength, moisture handling properties, swelling, adhesion and LID release. 28606546 6 34 theme water 1155:1159 arg1 content 1161:1167 equilibrium water content 1143:1167 equilibrium water content 1143:1167 Water uptake was influenced by HA, whilst equilibrium water content and LID release were similar for all the formulations, showing controlled release up to 6h. 28606546 7 35 theme CARR/HA 1274:1280 arg1 wafers 1282:1287 AgNPs loaded CARR/HA wafers 1261:1287 AgNPs loaded CARR/HA wafers 1261:1287 AgNPs loaded CARR/HA wafers were effective in inhibiting the growth of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. 28606546 2 36 theme freeze-dried 386:397 arg1 wafers 399:404 freeze-dried wafers 386:404 freeze-dried wafers 386:404 Composite carrageenan (CARR) and hyaluronic acid (HA) dressings loaded with lidocaine (LID) and AgNPs were formulated as freeze-dried wafers and functionally characterized for porous microstructure (morphology), mechanical strength, moisture handling properties, swelling, adhesion and LID release. 28606546 2 36 theme freeze-dried 386:397 arg1 dressings 319:327 Composite carrageenan (CARR) and hyaluronic acid (HA) dressings 265:327 Composite carrageenan (CARR) and hyaluronic acid (HA) dressings loaded with lidocaine (LID) and AgNPs 265:365 Composite carrageenan (CARR) and hyaluronic acid (HA) dressings loaded with lidocaine (LID) and AgNPs were formulated as freeze-dried wafers and functionally characterized for porous microstructure (morphology), mechanical strength, moisture handling properties, swelling, adhesion and LID release. 28606546 3 37 theme AgNPs 590:594 arg1 activity 578:585 Antimicrobial activity 564:585 Antimicrobial activity of AgNPs 564:594 Antimicrobial activity of AgNPs was evaluated (turbidity assay) against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus whilst cell viability studies (MTT) was performed on normal adult human primary epidermal keratinocyte cells. 28606546 1 38 theme infected 220:227 arg1 ulcers 241:246 infected chronic leg ulcers 220:246 infected chronic leg ulcers in older adults 220:262 This study aimed to develop advanced biomaterial polysaccharide based dressings to manage pain associated with infected chronic leg ulcers in older adults. 28606546 3 39 theme human 769:773 arg1 cells 806:810 normal adult human primary epidermal keratinocyte cells 756:810 normal adult human primary epidermal keratinocyte cells 756:810 Antimicrobial activity of AgNPs was evaluated (turbidity assay) against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus whilst cell viability studies (MTT) was performed on normal adult human primary epidermal keratinocyte cells. 28606546 5 40 theme normal 1024:1029 arg1 stresses 1031:1038 normal stresses 1024:1038 normal stresses 1024:1038 HA affected the wafer structure by increasing the resistance to compression but still possessed a balance between toughness and flexibility to withstand normal stresses and prevent damage to newly formed skin tissue respectively. 28606546 4 41 from soft 829:832 arg1 appearance 859:868 appearance 859:868 appearance 859:868 The wafers were soft, flexible and elegant in appearance. 28606546 1 42 theme chronic 229:235 arg1 ulcers 241:246 infected chronic leg ulcers 220:246 infected chronic leg ulcers in older adults 220:262 This study aimed to develop advanced biomaterial polysaccharide based dressings to manage pain associated with infected chronic leg ulcers in older adults. 28606546 3 43 theme primary 775:781 arg1 cells 806:810 normal adult human primary epidermal keratinocyte cells 756:810 normal adult human primary epidermal keratinocyte cells 756:810 Antimicrobial activity of AgNPs was evaluated (turbidity assay) against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus whilst cell viability studies (MTT) was performed on normal adult human primary epidermal keratinocyte cells. 28606546 7 44 theme loaded 1267:1272 arg1 wafers 1282:1287 AgNPs loaded CARR/HA wafers 1261:1287 AgNPs loaded CARR/HA wafers 1261:1287 AgNPs loaded CARR/HA wafers were effective in inhibiting the growth of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. 28606546 3 45 theme normal 756:761 arg1 cells 806:810 normal adult human primary epidermal keratinocyte cells 756:810 normal adult human primary epidermal keratinocyte cells 756:810 Antimicrobial activity of AgNPs was evaluated (turbidity assay) against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus whilst cell viability studies (MTT) was performed on normal adult human primary epidermal keratinocyte cells. 28606546 8 46 theme cell 1461:1464 arg1 viability 1466:1474 cell viability 1461:1474 cell viability 1461:1474 MTT assay showed evidence that the AgNPs/LID loaded wafers did not interfere with cell viability and growth. 28606546 7 47 theme negative 1360:1367 arg1 bacteria 1369:1376 both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria 1332:1376 both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria 1332:1376 AgNPs loaded CARR/HA wafers were effective in inhibiting the growth of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. 28606546 6 48 dep similar 1190:1196 arg1 showing 1224:1230 showing 1224:1230 showing controlled release up to 6h 1224:1258 Water uptake was influenced by HA, whilst equilibrium water content and LID release were similar for all the formulations, showing controlled release up to 6h. 28606546 3 49 theme adult 763:767 arg1 cells 806:810 normal adult human primary epidermal keratinocyte cells 756:810 normal adult human primary epidermal keratinocyte cells 756:810 Antimicrobial activity of AgNPs was evaluated (turbidity assay) against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus whilst cell viability studies (MTT) was performed on normal adult human primary epidermal keratinocyte cells. 28606546 3 50 theme turbidity 611:619 arg1 assay 621:625 turbidity assay 611:625 turbidity assay 611:625 Antimicrobial activity of AgNPs was evaluated (turbidity assay) against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus whilst cell viability studies (MTT) was performed on normal adult human primary epidermal keratinocyte cells. 28606546 2 51 theme carrageenan 275:285 arg1 wafers 399:404 freeze-dried wafers 386:404 freeze-dried wafers 386:404 Composite carrageenan (CARR) and hyaluronic acid (HA) dressings loaded with lidocaine (LID) and AgNPs were formulated as freeze-dried wafers and functionally characterized for porous microstructure (morphology), mechanical strength, moisture handling properties, swelling, adhesion and LID release. 28606546 2 51 theme carrageenan 275:285 arg1 dressings 319:327 Composite carrageenan (CARR) and hyaluronic acid (HA) dressings 265:327 Composite carrageenan (CARR) and hyaluronic acid (HA) dressings loaded with lidocaine (LID) and AgNPs 265:365 Composite carrageenan (CARR) and hyaluronic acid (HA) dressings loaded with lidocaine (LID) and AgNPs were formulated as freeze-dried wafers and functionally characterized for porous microstructure (morphology), mechanical strength, moisture handling properties, swelling, adhesion and LID release. 28606546 8 52 theme MTT 1379:1381 arg1 assay 1383:1387 MTT assay 1379:1387 MTT assay 1379:1387 MTT assay showed evidence that the AgNPs/LID loaded wafers did not interfere with cell viability and growth. 28606546 9 53 theme CARR/HA 1488:1494 arg1 wafers 1496:1501 CARR/HA wafers 1488:1501 CARR/HA wafers 1488:1501 CARR/HA wafers seem to be a promising system to simultaneously deliver LID and AgNPs, directly to infected chronic leg ulcers. 28606546 9 53 theme CARR/HA 1488:1494 arg1 system 1526:1531 a promising system 1514:1531 a promising system to simultaneously deliver LID and AgNPs, directly to infected chronic leg ulcers 1514:1612 CARR/HA wafers seem to be a promising system to simultaneously deliver LID and AgNPs, directly to infected chronic leg ulcers. 28606546 6 54 theme equilibrium 1143:1153 arg1 content 1161:1167 equilibrium water content 1143:1167 equilibrium water content 1143:1167 Water uptake was influenced by HA, whilst equilibrium water content and LID release were similar for all the formulations, showing controlled release up to 6h. 28606546 1 55 theme leg 237:239 arg1 ulcers 241:246 infected chronic leg ulcers 220:246 infected chronic leg ulcers in older adults 220:262 This study aimed to develop advanced biomaterial polysaccharide based dressings to manage pain associated with infected chronic leg ulcers in older adults. 28606546 2 56 theme LID 551:553 arg1 release 555:561 LID release 551:561 LID release 551:561 Composite carrageenan (CARR) and hyaluronic acid (HA) dressings loaded with lidocaine (LID) and AgNPs were formulated as freeze-dried wafers and functionally characterized for porous microstructure (morphology), mechanical strength, moisture handling properties, swelling, adhesion and LID release. 28606546 2 57 theme Composite 265:273 arg1 CARR 288:291 CARR 288:291 CARR 288:291 Composite carrageenan (CARR) and hyaluronic acid (HA) dressings loaded with lidocaine (LID) and AgNPs were formulated as freeze-dried wafers and functionally characterized for porous microstructure (morphology), mechanical strength, moisture handling properties, swelling, adhesion and LID release. 28606546 2 57 theme Composite 265:273 arg1 carrageenan 275:285 Composite carrageenan 265:285 Composite carrageenan (CARR) 265:292 Composite carrageenan (CARR) and hyaluronic acid (HA) dressings loaded with lidocaine (LID) and AgNPs were formulated as freeze-dried wafers and functionally characterized for porous microstructure (morphology), mechanical strength, moisture handling properties, swelling, adhesion and LID release. 28606546 7 58 theme bacteria 1369:1376 arg1 growth 1322:1327 the growth 1318:1327 the growth of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria 1318:1376 AgNPs loaded CARR/HA wafers were effective in inhibiting the growth of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. 28606546 8 59 theme loaded 1424:1429 arg1 wafers 1431:1436 the AgNPs/LID loaded wafers 1410:1436 the AgNPs/LID loaded wafers 1410:1436 MTT assay showed evidence that the AgNPs/LID loaded wafers did not interfere with cell viability and growth. 28606546 9 60 theme chronic 1595:1601 arg1 ulcers 1607:1612 infected chronic leg ulcers 1586:1612 infected chronic leg ulcers 1586:1612 CARR/HA wafers seem to be a promising system to simultaneously deliver LID and AgNPs, directly to infected chronic leg ulcers. 28606546 1 61 theme advanced 137:144 arg1 dressings 179:187 advanced biomaterial polysaccharide based dressings 137:187 advanced biomaterial polysaccharide based dressings 137:187 This study aimed to develop advanced biomaterial polysaccharide based dressings to manage pain associated with infected chronic leg ulcers in older adults. 28606546 3 62 theme epidermal 783:791 arg1 cells 806:810 normal adult human primary epidermal keratinocyte cells 756:810 normal adult human primary epidermal keratinocyte cells 756:810 Antimicrobial activity of AgNPs was evaluated (turbidity assay) against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus whilst cell viability studies (MTT) was performed on normal adult human primary epidermal keratinocyte cells. 28606546 0 63 theme infection 68:76 arg1 control 78:84 infection control 68:84 infection control 68:84 Advanced multi-targeted composite biomaterial dressing for pain and infection control in chronic leg ulcers. 28606546 7 64 theme positive 1342:1349 arg1 bacteria 1369:1376 both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria 1332:1376 both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria 1332:1376 AgNPs loaded CARR/HA wafers were effective in inhibiting the growth of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. 28606546 3 65 theme keratinocyte 793:804 arg1 cells 806:810 normal adult human primary epidermal keratinocyte cells 756:810 normal adult human primary epidermal keratinocyte cells 756:810 Antimicrobial activity of AgNPs was evaluated (turbidity assay) against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus whilst cell viability studies (MTT) was performed on normal adult human primary epidermal keratinocyte cells. 28606546 1 66 theme biomaterial 146:156 arg1 dressings 179:187 advanced biomaterial polysaccharide based dressings 137:187 advanced biomaterial polysaccharide based dressings 137:187 This study aimed to develop advanced biomaterial polysaccharide based dressings to manage pain associated with infected chronic leg ulcers in older adults. 28606546 1 67 theme older 251:255 arg1 adults 257:262 older adults 251:262 older adults 251:262 This study aimed to develop advanced biomaterial polysaccharide based dressings to manage pain associated with infected chronic leg ulcers in older adults. 27383135 6 0 theme nm 1179:1180 arg1 sizes 1164:1168 particle sizes 1155:1168 particle sizes of 120.7 nm 1155:1180 The formulation containing copper peptide was then successfully prepared using optimum conditions and particle sizes of 120.7 nm were obtained. 27383135 7 1 theme physical 1280:1287 arg1 stability 1289:1297 good physical stability 1275:1297 good physical stability towards centrifugation test, freeze-thaw cycle test and storage 1275:1361 The final formulation exhibited a zeta potential lower than -25 mV and showed good physical stability towards centrifugation test, freeze-thaw cycle test and storage at temperature 25°C and 45°C. 27383135 6 2 theme copper 1080:1085 arg1 peptide 1087:1093 copper peptide 1080:1093 copper peptide 1080:1093 The formulation containing copper peptide was then successfully prepared using optimum conditions and particle sizes of 120.7 nm were obtained. 27383135 5 3 theme xanthan 970:976 arg1 factor 913:918 The main factor 904:918 The main factor controlling the particle size 904:948 The main factor controlling the particle size was found out to be xanthan gum (28.56%) followed by T80:PF68 (26.9%), VCO (22.8%) and water (21.74%). 27383135 5 3 theme xanthan 970:976 arg1 gum 978:980 xanthan gum 970:980 xanthan gum (28.56%) followed by T80 970:1005 The main factor controlling the particle size was found out to be xanthan gum (28.56%) followed by T80:PF68 (26.9%), VCO (22.8%) and water (21.74%). 27383135 5 3 theme xanthan 970:976 arg1 % 988:988 28.56% 983:988 28.56% 983:988 The main factor controlling the particle size was found out to be xanthan gum (28.56%) followed by T80:PF68 (26.9%), VCO (22.8%) and water (21.74%). 27383135 4 4 theme neural 799:804 arg1 network 806:812 the neural network 795:812 the neural network 795:812 The model obtained indicated the high quality performance of the neural network and its capability to identify the critical composition factors for the VCO nanoemulsion. 27383135 1 5 theme predictive 160:169 arg1 model 171:175 A predictive model 158:175 A predictive model of a virgin coconut oil (VCO) nanoemulsion system for the topical delivery of copper peptide (an anti-aging compound) 158:293 A predictive model of a virgin coconut oil (VCO) nanoemulsion system for the topical delivery of copper peptide (an anti-aging compound) was developed using an artificial neural network (ANN) to investigate the factors that influence particle size. 27383135 1 6 theme topical 235:241 arg1 delivery 243:250 the topical delivery 231:250 the topical delivery of copper peptide (an anti-aging compound) 231:293 A predictive model of a virgin coconut oil (VCO) nanoemulsion system for the topical delivery of copper peptide (an anti-aging compound) was developed using an artificial neural network (ANN) to investigate the factors that influence particle size. 27383135 0 7 theme Virgin 86:91 arg1 System 124:129 a Virgin Coconut Oil-Based Nanoemulsion System 84:129 a Virgin Coconut Oil-Based Nanoemulsion System Containing Copper Peptide 84:155 An Artificial Neural Network Based Analysis of Factors Controlling Particle Size in a Virgin Coconut Oil-Based Nanoemulsion System Containing Copper Peptide. 27383135 1 8 theme artificial 318:327 arg1 network 336:342 an artificial neural network 315:342 an artificial neural network (ANN) 315:348 A predictive model of a virgin coconut oil (VCO) nanoemulsion system for the topical delivery of copper peptide (an anti-aging compound) was developed using an artificial neural network (ANN) to investigate the factors that influence particle size. 27383135 1 8 theme artificial 318:327 arg1 ANN 345:347 ANN 345:347 ANN 345:347 A predictive model of a virgin coconut oil (VCO) nanoemulsion system for the topical delivery of copper peptide (an anti-aging compound) was developed using an artificial neural network (ANN) to investigate the factors that influence particle size. 27383135 4 9 theme high 767:770 arg1 performance 780:790 the high quality performance 763:790 the high quality performance of the neural network 763:812 The model obtained indicated the high quality performance of the neural network and its capability to identify the critical composition factors for the VCO nanoemulsion. 27383135 7 10 theme zeta 1231:1234 arg1 potential 1236:1244 a zeta potential 1229:1244 a zeta potential lower than -25 mV 1229:1262 The final formulation exhibited a zeta potential lower than -25 mV and showed good physical stability towards centrifugation test, freeze-thaw cycle test and storage at temperature 25°C and 45°C. 27383135 3 11 theme testing 700:706 arg1 sets 708:711 testing sets 700:711 testing sets 700:711 Genetic algorithms (GA) were used to model the data which were divided into training sets, testing sets and validation sets. 27383135 2 12 theme Pluronic 473:480 arg1 F68 482:484 Pluronic F68 473:484 Pluronic F68 (T80:PF68) 473:495 Four independent variables including the amount of VCO, Tween 80: Pluronic F68 (T80:PF68), xanthan gum and water were the inputs whereas particle size was taken as the response for the trained network. 27383135 2 12 theme Pluronic 473:480 arg1 inputs 529:534 the inputs 525:534 the inputs 525:534 Four independent variables including the amount of VCO, Tween 80: Pluronic F68 (T80:PF68), xanthan gum and water were the inputs whereas particle size was taken as the response for the trained network. 27383135 2 12 theme Pluronic 473:480 arg1 gum 506:508 xanthan gum 498:508 xanthan gum 498:508 Four independent variables including the amount of VCO, Tween 80: Pluronic F68 (T80:PF68), xanthan gum and water were the inputs whereas particle size was taken as the response for the trained network. 27383135 2 12 theme Pluronic 473:480 arg1 variables 424:432 Four independent variables 407:432 Four independent variables including the amount of VCO, Tween 80 407:470 Four independent variables including the amount of VCO, Tween 80: Pluronic F68 (T80:PF68), xanthan gum and water were the inputs whereas particle size was taken as the response for the trained network. 27383135 2 12 theme Pluronic 473:480 arg1 PF68 491:494 PF68 491:494 PF68 491:494 Four independent variables including the amount of VCO, Tween 80: Pluronic F68 (T80:PF68), xanthan gum and water were the inputs whereas particle size was taken as the response for the trained network. 27383135 2 12 theme Pluronic 473:480 arg1 water 514:518 water 514:518 water 514:518 Four independent variables including the amount of VCO, Tween 80: Pluronic F68 (T80:PF68), xanthan gum and water were the inputs whereas particle size was taken as the response for the trained network. 27383135 1 13 theme neural 329:334 arg1 network 336:342 an artificial neural network 315:342 an artificial neural network (ANN) 315:348 A predictive model of a virgin coconut oil (VCO) nanoemulsion system for the topical delivery of copper peptide (an anti-aging compound) was developed using an artificial neural network (ANN) to investigate the factors that influence particle size. 27383135 1 13 theme neural 329:334 arg1 ANN 345:347 ANN 345:347 ANN 345:347 A predictive model of a virgin coconut oil (VCO) nanoemulsion system for the topical delivery of copper peptide (an anti-aging compound) was developed using an artificial neural network (ANN) to investigate the factors that influence particle size. 27383135 4 14 theme composition 858:868 arg1 factors 870:876 the critical composition factors 845:876 the critical composition factors for the VCO nanoemulsion 845:901 The model obtained indicated the high quality performance of the neural network and its capability to identify the critical composition factors for the VCO nanoemulsion. 27383135 0 15 theme Oil-Based 101:109 arg1 System 124:129 a Virgin Coconut Oil-Based Nanoemulsion System 84:129 a Virgin Coconut Oil-Based Nanoemulsion System Containing Copper Peptide 84:155 An Artificial Neural Network Based Analysis of Factors Controlling Particle Size in a Virgin Coconut Oil-Based Nanoemulsion System Containing Copper Peptide. 27383135 0 16 theme Coconut 93:99 arg1 System 124:129 a Virgin Coconut Oil-Based Nanoemulsion System 84:129 a Virgin Coconut Oil-Based Nanoemulsion System Containing Copper Peptide 84:155 An Artificial Neural Network Based Analysis of Factors Controlling Particle Size in a Virgin Coconut Oil-Based Nanoemulsion System Containing Copper Peptide. 27383135 7 17 theme lower 1246:1250 arg1 potential 1236:1244 a zeta potential 1229:1244 a zeta potential lower than -25 mV 1229:1262 The final formulation exhibited a zeta potential lower than -25 mV and showed good physical stability towards centrifugation test, freeze-thaw cycle test and storage at temperature 25°C and 45°C. 27383135 2 18 theme particle 544:551 arg1 response 575:582 the response 571:582 the response for the trained network 571:606 Four independent variables including the amount of VCO, Tween 80: Pluronic F68 (T80:PF68), xanthan gum and water were the inputs whereas particle size was taken as the response for the trained network. 27383135 2 18 theme particle 544:551 arg1 size 553:556 particle size 544:556 particle size 544:556 Four independent variables including the amount of VCO, Tween 80: Pluronic F68 (T80:PF68), xanthan gum and water were the inputs whereas particle size was taken as the response for the trained network. 27383135 2 19 theme trained 592:598 arg1 network 600:606 the trained network 588:606 the trained network 588:606 Four independent variables including the amount of VCO, Tween 80: Pluronic F68 (T80:PF68), xanthan gum and water were the inputs whereas particle size was taken as the response for the trained network. 27383135 6 20 contain containing 1069:1078 arg1 formulation 1057:1067 The formulation 1053:1067 The formulation containing copper peptide 1053:1093 The formulation containing copper peptide was then successfully prepared using optimum conditions and particle sizes of 120.7 nm were obtained. 27383135 6 20 contain containing 1069:1078 arg2 peptide 1087:1093 copper peptide 1080:1093 copper peptide 1080:1093 The formulation containing copper peptide was then successfully prepared using optimum conditions and particle sizes of 120.7 nm were obtained. 27383135 6 21 theme particle 1155:1162 arg1 sizes 1164:1168 particle sizes 1155:1168 particle sizes of 120.7 nm 1155:1180 The formulation containing copper peptide was then successfully prepared using optimum conditions and particle sizes of 120.7 nm were obtained. 27383135 0 22 theme Artificial 3:12 arg1 Network 21:27 An Artificial Neural Network 0:27 An Artificial Neural Network 0:27 An Artificial Neural Network Based Analysis of Factors Controlling Particle Size in a Virgin Coconut Oil-Based Nanoemulsion System Containing Copper Peptide. 27383135 7 23 theme good 1275:1278 arg1 stability 1289:1297 good physical stability 1275:1297 good physical stability towards centrifugation test, freeze-thaw cycle test and storage 1275:1361 The final formulation exhibited a zeta potential lower than -25 mV and showed good physical stability towards centrifugation test, freeze-thaw cycle test and storage at temperature 25°C and 45°C. 27383135 2 24 theme Tween 463:467 arg1 Tween 463:467 Tween 463:467 Tween 463:467 Four independent variables including the amount of VCO, Tween 80: Pluronic F68 (T80:PF68), xanthan gum and water were the inputs whereas particle size was taken as the response for the trained network. 27383135 2 24 theme Tween 463:467 arg1 amount 448:453 the amount 444:453 the amount of VCO, Tween 80 444:470 Four independent variables including the amount of VCO, Tween 80: Pluronic F68 (T80:PF68), xanthan gum and water were the inputs whereas particle size was taken as the response for the trained network. 27383135 7 25 theme final 1201:1205 arg1 formulation 1207:1217 The final formulation 1197:1217 The final formulation 1197:1217 The final formulation exhibited a zeta potential lower than -25 mV and showed good physical stability towards centrifugation test, freeze-thaw cycle test and storage at temperature 25°C and 45°C. 27383135 4 26 theme quality 772:778 arg1 performance 780:790 the high quality performance 763:790 the high quality performance of the neural network 763:812 The model obtained indicated the high quality performance of the neural network and its capability to identify the critical composition factors for the VCO nanoemulsion. 27383135 1 27 theme copper 255:260 arg1 compound 285:292 an anti-aging compound 271:292 an anti-aging compound 271:292 A predictive model of a virgin coconut oil (VCO) nanoemulsion system for the topical delivery of copper peptide (an anti-aging compound) was developed using an artificial neural network (ANN) to investigate the factors that influence particle size. 27383135 1 27 theme copper 255:260 arg1 peptide 262:268 copper peptide 255:268 copper peptide (an anti-aging compound) 255:293 A predictive model of a virgin coconut oil (VCO) nanoemulsion system for the topical delivery of copper peptide (an anti-aging compound) was developed using an artificial neural network (ANN) to investigate the factors that influence particle size. 27383135 6 28 theme optimum 1132:1138 arg1 conditions 1140:1149 optimum conditions 1132:1149 optimum conditions 1132:1149 The formulation containing copper peptide was then successfully prepared using optimum conditions and particle sizes of 120.7 nm were obtained. 27383135 1 29 theme virgin 182:187 arg1 system 220:225 a virgin coconut oil (VCO) nanoemulsion system 180:225 a virgin coconut oil (VCO) nanoemulsion system for the topical delivery of copper peptide (an anti-aging compound) 180:293 A predictive model of a virgin coconut oil (VCO) nanoemulsion system for the topical delivery of copper peptide (an anti-aging compound) was developed using an artificial neural network (ANN) to investigate the factors that influence particle size. 27383135 1 30 theme peptide 262:268 arg1 delivery 243:250 the topical delivery 231:250 the topical delivery of copper peptide (an anti-aging compound) 231:293 A predictive model of a virgin coconut oil (VCO) nanoemulsion system for the topical delivery of copper peptide (an anti-aging compound) was developed using an artificial neural network (ANN) to investigate the factors that influence particle size. 27383135 4 31 theme network 806:812 arg1 capability 822:831 its capability to identify the critical composition factors for the VCO nanoemulsion 818:901 its capability to identify the critical composition factors for the VCO nanoemulsion 818:901 The model obtained indicated the high quality performance of the neural network and its capability to identify the critical composition factors for the VCO nanoemulsion. 27383135 4 31 theme network 806:812 arg1 performance 780:790 the high quality performance 763:790 the high quality performance of the neural network 763:812 The model obtained indicated the high quality performance of the neural network and its capability to identify the critical composition factors for the VCO nanoemulsion. 27383135 1 32 theme coconut 189:195 arg1 system 220:225 a virgin coconut oil (VCO) nanoemulsion system 180:225 a virgin coconut oil (VCO) nanoemulsion system for the topical delivery of copper peptide (an anti-aging compound) 180:293 A predictive model of a virgin coconut oil (VCO) nanoemulsion system for the topical delivery of copper peptide (an anti-aging compound) was developed using an artificial neural network (ANN) to investigate the factors that influence particle size. 27383135 0 33 theme Neural 14:19 arg1 Network 21:27 An Artificial Neural Network 0:27 An Artificial Neural Network 0:27 An Artificial Neural Network Based Analysis of Factors Controlling Particle Size in a Virgin Coconut Oil-Based Nanoemulsion System Containing Copper Peptide. 27383135 7 34 theme temperature 1366:1376 arg1 25°C 1378:1381 temperature 25°C 1366:1381 temperature 25°C 1366:1381 The final formulation exhibited a zeta potential lower than -25 mV and showed good physical stability towards centrifugation test, freeze-thaw cycle test and storage at temperature 25°C and 45°C. 27383135 0 35 theme Nanoemulsion 111:122 arg1 System 124:129 a Virgin Coconut Oil-Based Nanoemulsion System 84:129 a Virgin Coconut Oil-Based Nanoemulsion System Containing Copper Peptide 84:155 An Artificial Neural Network Based Analysis of Factors Controlling Particle Size in a Virgin Coconut Oil-Based Nanoemulsion System Containing Copper Peptide. 27383135 7 36 theme cycle 1340:1344 arg1 test 1346:1349 freeze-thaw cycle test 1328:1349 freeze-thaw cycle test 1328:1349 The final formulation exhibited a zeta potential lower than -25 mV and showed good physical stability towards centrifugation test, freeze-thaw cycle test and storage at temperature 25°C and 45°C. 27383135 1 37 theme oil 197:199 arg1 system 220:225 a virgin coconut oil (VCO) nanoemulsion system 180:225 a virgin coconut oil (VCO) nanoemulsion system for the topical delivery of copper peptide (an anti-aging compound) 180:293 A predictive model of a virgin coconut oil (VCO) nanoemulsion system for the topical delivery of copper peptide (an anti-aging compound) was developed using an artificial neural network (ANN) to investigate the factors that influence particle size. 27383135 4 38 theme VCO 886:888 arg1 nanoemulsion 890:901 the VCO nanoemulsion 882:901 the VCO nanoemulsion 882:901 The model obtained indicated the high quality performance of the neural network and its capability to identify the critical composition factors for the VCO nanoemulsion. 27383135 0 39 theme Copper 142:147 arg1 Peptide 149:155 Copper Peptide 142:155 Copper Peptide 142:155 An Artificial Neural Network Based Analysis of Factors Controlling Particle Size in a Virgin Coconut Oil-Based Nanoemulsion System Containing Copper Peptide. 27383135 3 40 used used 638:641 arg2 GA 629:630 GA 629:630 GA 629:630 Genetic algorithms (GA) were used to model the data which were divided into training sets, testing sets and validation sets. 27383135 3 40 used used 638:641 arg2 algorithms 617:626 Genetic algorithms 609:626 Genetic algorithms (GA) 609:631 Genetic algorithms (GA) were used to model the data which were divided into training sets, testing sets and validation sets. 27383135 1 41 theme anti-aging 274:283 arg1 compound 285:292 an anti-aging compound 271:292 an anti-aging compound 271:292 A predictive model of a virgin coconut oil (VCO) nanoemulsion system for the topical delivery of copper peptide (an anti-aging compound) was developed using an artificial neural network (ANN) to investigate the factors that influence particle size. 27383135 1 41 theme anti-aging 274:283 arg1 peptide 262:268 copper peptide 255:268 copper peptide (an anti-aging compound) 255:293 A predictive model of a virgin coconut oil (VCO) nanoemulsion system for the topical delivery of copper peptide (an anti-aging compound) was developed using an artificial neural network (ANN) to investigate the factors that influence particle size. 27383135 3 42 theme validation 717:726 arg1 sets 728:731 validation sets 717:731 validation sets 717:731 Genetic algorithms (GA) were used to model the data which were divided into training sets, testing sets and validation sets. 27383135 5 43 theme main 908:911 arg1 factor 913:918 The main factor 904:918 The main factor controlling the particle size 904:948 The main factor controlling the particle size was found out to be xanthan gum (28.56%) followed by T80:PF68 (26.9%), VCO (22.8%) and water (21.74%). 27383135 5 43 theme main 908:911 arg1 gum 978:980 xanthan gum 970:980 xanthan gum (28.56%) followed by T80 970:1005 The main factor controlling the particle size was found out to be xanthan gum (28.56%) followed by T80:PF68 (26.9%), VCO (22.8%) and water (21.74%). 27383135 1 44 theme VCO 202:204 arg1 system 220:225 a virgin coconut oil (VCO) nanoemulsion system 180:225 a virgin coconut oil (VCO) nanoemulsion system for the topical delivery of copper peptide (an anti-aging compound) 180:293 A predictive model of a virgin coconut oil (VCO) nanoemulsion system for the topical delivery of copper peptide (an anti-aging compound) was developed using an artificial neural network (ANN) to investigate the factors that influence particle size. 27383135 0 45 theme Factors 47:53 arg1 Analysis 35:42 Analysis 35:42 Analysis of Factors Controlling Particle Size in a Virgin Coconut Oil-Based Nanoemulsion System Containing Copper Peptide 35:155 An Artificial Neural Network Based Analysis of Factors Controlling Particle Size in a Virgin Coconut Oil-Based Nanoemulsion System Containing Copper Peptide. 27383135 7 46 theme freeze-thaw 1328:1338 arg1 test 1346:1349 freeze-thaw cycle test 1328:1349 freeze-thaw cycle test 1328:1349 The final formulation exhibited a zeta potential lower than -25 mV and showed good physical stability towards centrifugation test, freeze-thaw cycle test and storage at temperature 25°C and 45°C. 27383135 2 47 theme xanthan 498:504 arg1 F68 482:484 Pluronic F68 473:484 Pluronic F68 (T80:PF68) 473:495 Four independent variables including the amount of VCO, Tween 80: Pluronic F68 (T80:PF68), xanthan gum and water were the inputs whereas particle size was taken as the response for the trained network. 27383135 2 47 theme xanthan 498:504 arg1 water 514:518 water 514:518 water 514:518 Four independent variables including the amount of VCO, Tween 80: Pluronic F68 (T80:PF68), xanthan gum and water were the inputs whereas particle size was taken as the response for the trained network. 27383135 2 47 theme xanthan 498:504 arg1 variables 424:432 Four independent variables 407:432 Four independent variables including the amount of VCO, Tween 80 407:470 Four independent variables including the amount of VCO, Tween 80: Pluronic F68 (T80:PF68), xanthan gum and water were the inputs whereas particle size was taken as the response for the trained network. 27383135 2 47 theme xanthan 498:504 arg1 inputs 529:534 the inputs 525:534 the inputs 525:534 Four independent variables including the amount of VCO, Tween 80: Pluronic F68 (T80:PF68), xanthan gum and water were the inputs whereas particle size was taken as the response for the trained network. 27383135 2 47 theme xanthan 498:504 arg1 gum 506:508 xanthan gum 498:508 xanthan gum 498:508 Four independent variables including the amount of VCO, Tween 80: Pluronic F68 (T80:PF68), xanthan gum and water were the inputs whereas particle size was taken as the response for the trained network. 27383135 7 48 theme centrifugation 1307:1320 arg1 test 1322:1325 centrifugation test 1307:1325 centrifugation test 1307:1325 The final formulation exhibited a zeta potential lower than -25 mV and showed good physical stability towards centrifugation test, freeze-thaw cycle test and storage at temperature 25°C and 45°C. 27383135 5 49 theme particle 936:943 arg1 size 945:948 the particle size 932:948 the particle size 932:948 The main factor controlling the particle size was found out to be xanthan gum (28.56%) followed by T80:PF68 (26.9%), VCO (22.8%) and water (21.74%). 27383135 5 50 dep found 954:958 arg1 % 1030:1030 22.8% 1026:1030 22.8% 1026:1030 The main factor controlling the particle size was found out to be xanthan gum (28.56%) followed by T80:PF68 (26.9%), VCO (22.8%) and water (21.74%). 27383135 5 50 dep found 954:958 arg1 % 1049:1049 21.74% 1044:1049 21.74% 1044:1049 The main factor controlling the particle size was found out to be xanthan gum (28.56%) followed by T80:PF68 (26.9%), VCO (22.8%) and water (21.74%). 27383135 5 50 dep found 954:958 arg1 % 1017:1017 26.9% 1013:1017 26.9% 1013:1017 The main factor controlling the particle size was found out to be xanthan gum (28.56%) followed by T80:PF68 (26.9%), VCO (22.8%) and water (21.74%). 27383135 5 50 dep found 954:958 arg1 water 1037:1041 water 1037:1041 water (21.74%) 1037:1050 The main factor controlling the particle size was found out to be xanthan gum (28.56%) followed by T80:PF68 (26.9%), VCO (22.8%) and water (21.74%). 27383135 5 50 dep found 954:958 arg1 PF68 1007:1010 PF68 1007:1010 PF68 1007:1010 The main factor controlling the particle size was found out to be xanthan gum (28.56%) followed by T80:PF68 (26.9%), VCO (22.8%) and water (21.74%). 27383135 5 50 dep found 954:958 arg1 VCO 1021:1023 VCO 1021:1023 VCO 1021:1023 The main factor controlling the particle size was found out to be xanthan gum (28.56%) followed by T80:PF68 (26.9%), VCO (22.8%) and water (21.74%). 27383135 1 51 theme nanoemulsion 207:218 arg1 system 220:225 a virgin coconut oil (VCO) nanoemulsion system 180:225 a virgin coconut oil (VCO) nanoemulsion system for the topical delivery of copper peptide (an anti-aging compound) 180:293 A predictive model of a virgin coconut oil (VCO) nanoemulsion system for the topical delivery of copper peptide (an anti-aging compound) was developed using an artificial neural network (ANN) to investigate the factors that influence particle size. 27383135 0 52 theme Particle 67:74 arg1 Size 76:79 Particle Size 67:79 Particle Size 67:79 An Artificial Neural Network Based Analysis of Factors Controlling Particle Size in a Virgin Coconut Oil-Based Nanoemulsion System Containing Copper Peptide. 27383135 1 53 theme particle 392:399 arg1 size 401:404 particle size 392:404 particle size 392:404 A predictive model of a virgin coconut oil (VCO) nanoemulsion system for the topical delivery of copper peptide (an anti-aging compound) was developed using an artificial neural network (ANN) to investigate the factors that influence particle size. 27383135 1 54 theme system 220:225 arg1 model 171:175 A predictive model 158:175 A predictive model of a virgin coconut oil (VCO) nanoemulsion system for the topical delivery of copper peptide (an anti-aging compound) 158:293 A predictive model of a virgin coconut oil (VCO) nanoemulsion system for the topical delivery of copper peptide (an anti-aging compound) was developed using an artificial neural network (ANN) to investigate the factors that influence particle size. 27383135 4 55 theme critical 849:856 arg1 factors 870:876 the critical composition factors 845:876 the critical composition factors for the VCO nanoemulsion 845:901 The model obtained indicated the high quality performance of the neural network and its capability to identify the critical composition factors for the VCO nanoemulsion. 27383135 3 56 theme Genetic 609:615 arg1 GA 629:630 GA 629:630 GA 629:630 Genetic algorithms (GA) were used to model the data which were divided into training sets, testing sets and validation sets. 27383135 3 56 theme Genetic 609:615 arg1 algorithms 617:626 Genetic algorithms 609:626 Genetic algorithms (GA) 609:631 Genetic algorithms (GA) were used to model the data which were divided into training sets, testing sets and validation sets. 27383135 2 57 theme independent 412:422 arg1 F68 482:484 Pluronic F68 473:484 Pluronic F68 (T80:PF68) 473:495 Four independent variables including the amount of VCO, Tween 80: Pluronic F68 (T80:PF68), xanthan gum and water were the inputs whereas particle size was taken as the response for the trained network. 27383135 2 57 theme independent 412:422 arg1 water 514:518 water 514:518 water 514:518 Four independent variables including the amount of VCO, Tween 80: Pluronic F68 (T80:PF68), xanthan gum and water were the inputs whereas particle size was taken as the response for the trained network. 27383135 2 57 theme independent 412:422 arg1 inputs 529:534 the inputs 525:534 the inputs 525:534 Four independent variables including the amount of VCO, Tween 80: Pluronic F68 (T80:PF68), xanthan gum and water were the inputs whereas particle size was taken as the response for the trained network. 27383135 2 57 theme independent 412:422 arg1 variables 424:432 Four independent variables 407:432 Four independent variables including the amount of VCO, Tween 80 407:470 Four independent variables including the amount of VCO, Tween 80: Pluronic F68 (T80:PF68), xanthan gum and water were the inputs whereas particle size was taken as the response for the trained network. 27383135 2 57 theme independent 412:422 arg1 gum 506:508 xanthan gum 498:508 xanthan gum 498:508 Four independent variables including the amount of VCO, Tween 80: Pluronic F68 (T80:PF68), xanthan gum and water were the inputs whereas particle size was taken as the response for the trained network. 27383135 3 58 theme training 685:692 arg1 sets 694:697 training sets 685:697 training sets 685:697 Genetic algorithms (GA) were used to model the data which were divided into training sets, testing sets and validation sets. 24464844 0 0 theme nanosuspension 93:106 arg1 activity 108:115 TLR4-agonist nanosuspension activity 80:115 TLR4-agonist nanosuspension activity 80:115 Modulating potency: Physicochemical characteristics are a determining factor of TLR4-agonist nanosuspension activity. 24464844 5 1 theme adjuvant 906:913 arg1 GLA 916:918 synthetic TLR-4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) 861:919 synthetic TLR-4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) 861:919 Here we present a careful physicochemical characterization of a two-component nanosuspension containing synthetic TLR-4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) at various molar ratios. 24464844 0 2 theme TLR4-agonist 80:91 arg1 activity 108:115 TLR4-agonist nanosuspension activity 80:115 TLR4-agonist nanosuspension activity 80:115 Modulating potency: Physicochemical characteristics are a determining factor of TLR4-agonist nanosuspension activity. 24464844 4 3 theme properties 587:596 arg1 characterization 551:566 Complete characterization 542:566 Complete characterization of physicochemical properties of adjuvanted vaccine formulations and relationship to biological response 542:671 Complete characterization of physicochemical properties of adjuvanted vaccine formulations and relationship to biological response is necessary to move beyond a guess-and-check paradigm toward directed development. 24464844 8 4 dep understanding 1335:1347 arg1 light 1314:1318 light 1314:1318 light 1314:1318 We discuss these data in light of the current understanding of TLR4 activation and the conformation-potency relationship in development of adjuvanted vaccines. 24464844 8 5 theme current 1327:1333 arg1 understanding 1335:1347 the current understanding 1323:1347 the current understanding of TLR4 activation 1323:1366 We discuss these data in light of the current understanding of TLR4 activation and the conformation-potency relationship in development of adjuvanted vaccines. 24464844 4 6 theme physicochemical 571:585 arg1 properties 587:596 physicochemical properties 571:596 physicochemical properties of adjuvanted vaccine formulations and relationship to biological response 571:671 Complete characterization of physicochemical properties of adjuvanted vaccine formulations and relationship to biological response is necessary to move beyond a guess-and-check paradigm toward directed development. 24464844 0 7 theme activity 108:115 arg1 factor 70:75 a determining factor 56:75 a determining factor of TLR4-agonist nanosuspension activity 56:115 Modulating potency: Physicochemical characteristics are a determining factor of TLR4-agonist nanosuspension activity. 24464844 0 7 theme activity 108:115 arg1 characteristics 36:50 Physicochemical characteristics 20:50 Physicochemical characteristics 20:50 Modulating potency: Physicochemical characteristics are a determining factor of TLR4-agonist nanosuspension activity. 24464844 6 8 from stimulation 1071:1081 arg1 blood 1121:1125 human whole blood 1109:1125 human whole blood 1109:1125 Physicochemical properties were compared with potency, as measured by stimulation of cytokine production in human whole blood. 24464844 2 9 theme oil-in-water 292:303 arg1 emulsions 305:313 oil-in-water emulsions 292:313 oil-in-water emulsions 292:313 The wide compositional and conformational range of formulated adjuvants, from aluminum salts to oil-in-water emulsions, makes comparisons between physicochemical and immunological properties difficult. 24464844 3 10 theme mixture 533:539 arg1 potency 487:493 potency 487:493 potency 487:493 Even within a formulated adjuvant class, excipient selection and concentration can alter potency and physicochemical properties of the mixture. 24464844 3 10 theme mixture 533:539 arg1 properties 515:524 physicochemical properties 499:524 physicochemical properties 499:524 Even within a formulated adjuvant class, excipient selection and concentration can alter potency and physicochemical properties of the mixture. 24464844 5 11 theme TLR-4 871:875 arg1 GLA 916:918 synthetic TLR-4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) 861:919 synthetic TLR-4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) 861:919 Here we present a careful physicochemical characterization of a two-component nanosuspension containing synthetic TLR-4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) at various molar ratios. 24464844 7 12 theme biological 1268:1277 arg1 activity 1279:1286 biological activity 1268:1286 biological activity 1268:1286 We found a surprising, nonlinear relationship between physicochemical properties and GLA-DPPC ratios that corresponded well with changes in biological activity. 24464844 8 13 theme adjuvanted 1428:1437 arg1 vaccines 1439:1446 adjuvanted vaccines 1428:1446 adjuvanted vaccines 1428:1446 We discuss these data in light of the current understanding of TLR4 activation and the conformation-potency relationship in development of adjuvanted vaccines. 24464844 5 14 theme agonist 877:883 arg1 GLA 916:918 synthetic TLR-4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) 861:919 synthetic TLR-4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) 861:919 Here we present a careful physicochemical characterization of a two-component nanosuspension containing synthetic TLR-4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) at various molar ratios. 24464844 4 15 theme Complete 542:549 arg1 characterization 551:566 Complete characterization 542:566 Complete characterization of physicochemical properties of adjuvanted vaccine formulations and relationship to biological response 542:671 Complete characterization of physicochemical properties of adjuvanted vaccine formulations and relationship to biological response is necessary to move beyond a guess-and-check paradigm toward directed development. 24464844 8 16 theme TLR4 1352:1355 arg1 activation 1357:1366 TLR4 activation 1352:1366 TLR4 activation 1352:1366 We discuss these data in light of the current understanding of TLR4 activation and the conformation-potency relationship in development of adjuvanted vaccines. 24464844 6 17 theme production 1095:1104 arg1 stimulation 1071:1081 stimulation 1071:1081 stimulation of cytokine production in human whole blood 1071:1125 Physicochemical properties were compared with potency, as measured by stimulation of cytokine production in human whole blood. 24464844 3 18 theme adjuvant 423:430 arg1 class 432:436 a formulated adjuvant class 410:436 a formulated adjuvant class 410:436 Even within a formulated adjuvant class, excipient selection and concentration can alter potency and physicochemical properties of the mixture. 24464844 5 19 contain containing 850:859 arg2 GLA 916:918 synthetic TLR-4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) 861:919 synthetic TLR-4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) 861:919 Here we present a careful physicochemical characterization of a two-component nanosuspension containing synthetic TLR-4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) at various molar ratios. 24464844 5 19 contain containing 850:859 arg2 DPPC 970:973 DPPC 970:973 DPPC 970:973 Here we present a careful physicochemical characterization of a two-component nanosuspension containing synthetic TLR-4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) at various molar ratios. 24464844 5 19 contain containing 850:859 arg2 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine 925:967 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine 925:967 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) 925:974 Here we present a careful physicochemical characterization of a two-component nanosuspension containing synthetic TLR-4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) at various molar ratios. 24464844 5 19 contain containing 850:859 arg1 nanosuspension 835:848 a two-component nanosuspension 819:848 a two-component nanosuspension containing synthetic TLR-4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) at various molar ratios 819:998 Here we present a careful physicochemical characterization of a two-component nanosuspension containing synthetic TLR-4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) at various molar ratios. 24464844 7 20 from changes 1257:1263 arg1 activity 1279:1286 biological activity 1268:1286 biological activity 1268:1286 We found a surprising, nonlinear relationship between physicochemical properties and GLA-DPPC ratios that corresponded well with changes in biological activity. 24464844 0 21 theme Modulating 0:9 arg1 potency 11:17 Modulating potency 0:17 Modulating potency: Physicochemical characteristics are a determining factor of TLR4-agonist nanosuspension activity. 0:116 Modulating potency: Physicochemical characteristics are a determining factor of TLR4-agonist nanosuspension activity. 24464844 4 22 theme relationship 637:648 arg1 properties 587:596 physicochemical properties 571:596 physicochemical properties of adjuvanted vaccine formulations and relationship to biological response 571:671 Complete characterization of physicochemical properties of adjuvanted vaccine formulations and relationship to biological response is necessary to move beyond a guess-and-check paradigm toward directed development. 24464844 6 23 theme cytokine 1086:1093 arg1 production 1095:1104 cytokine production 1086:1104 cytokine production 1086:1104 Physicochemical properties were compared with potency, as measured by stimulation of cytokine production in human whole blood. 24464844 6 24 theme whole 1115:1119 arg1 blood 1121:1125 human whole blood 1109:1125 human whole blood 1109:1125 Physicochemical properties were compared with potency, as measured by stimulation of cytokine production in human whole blood. 24464844 8 25 theme vaccines 1439:1446 arg1 development 1413:1423 development 1413:1423 development of adjuvanted vaccines 1413:1446 We discuss these data in light of the current understanding of TLR4 activation and the conformation-potency relationship in development of adjuvanted vaccines. 24464844 0 26 theme Physicochemical 20:34 arg1 factor 70:75 a determining factor 56:75 a determining factor of TLR4-agonist nanosuspension activity 56:115 Modulating potency: Physicochemical characteristics are a determining factor of TLR4-agonist nanosuspension activity. 24464844 0 26 theme Physicochemical 20:34 arg1 characteristics 36:50 Physicochemical characteristics 20:50 Physicochemical characteristics 20:50 Modulating potency: Physicochemical characteristics are a determining factor of TLR4-agonist nanosuspension activity. 24464844 5 27 theme various 979:985 arg1 ratios 993:998 various molar ratios 979:998 various molar ratios 979:998 Here we present a careful physicochemical characterization of a two-component nanosuspension containing synthetic TLR-4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) at various molar ratios. 24464844 3 28 theme formulated 412:421 arg1 class 432:436 a formulated adjuvant class 410:436 a formulated adjuvant class 410:436 Even within a formulated adjuvant class, excipient selection and concentration can alter potency and physicochemical properties of the mixture. 24464844 4 29 theme biological 653:662 arg1 response 664:671 biological response 653:671 biological response 653:671 Complete characterization of physicochemical properties of adjuvanted vaccine formulations and relationship to biological response is necessary to move beyond a guess-and-check paradigm toward directed development. 24464844 7 30 dep surprising 1139:1148 arg1 nonlinear 1151:1159 nonlinear 1151:1159 nonlinear 1151:1159 We found a surprising, nonlinear relationship between physicochemical properties and GLA-DPPC ratios that corresponded well with changes in biological activity. 24464844 5 31 theme molar 987:991 arg1 ratios 993:998 various molar ratios 979:998 various molar ratios 979:998 Here we present a careful physicochemical characterization of a two-component nanosuspension containing synthetic TLR-4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) at various molar ratios. 24464844 2 32 theme immunological 362:374 arg1 properties 376:385 physicochemical and immunological properties 342:385 physicochemical and immunological properties 342:385 The wide compositional and conformational range of formulated adjuvants, from aluminum salts to oil-in-water emulsions, makes comparisons between physicochemical and immunological properties difficult. 24464844 5 33 theme two-component 821:833 arg1 nanosuspension 835:848 a two-component nanosuspension 819:848 a two-component nanosuspension containing synthetic TLR-4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) at various molar ratios 819:998 Here we present a careful physicochemical characterization of a two-component nanosuspension containing synthetic TLR-4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) at various molar ratios. 24464844 2 34 theme formulated 247:256 arg1 adjuvants 258:266 formulated adjuvants 247:266 formulated adjuvants 247:266 The wide compositional and conformational range of formulated adjuvants, from aluminum salts to oil-in-water emulsions, makes comparisons between physicochemical and immunological properties difficult. 24464844 8 35 theme conformation-potency 1376:1395 arg1 relationship 1397:1408 the conformation-potency relationship 1372:1408 the conformation-potency relationship in development of adjuvanted vaccines 1372:1446 We discuss these data in light of the current understanding of TLR4 activation and the conformation-potency relationship in development of adjuvanted vaccines. 24464844 4 36 theme adjuvanted 601:610 arg1 formulations 620:631 adjuvanted vaccine formulations 601:631 adjuvanted vaccine formulations 601:631 Complete characterization of physicochemical properties of adjuvanted vaccine formulations and relationship to biological response is necessary to move beyond a guess-and-check paradigm toward directed development. 24464844 5 37 theme nanosuspension 835:848 arg1 characterization 799:814 a careful physicochemical characterization 773:814 a careful physicochemical characterization of a two-component nanosuspension containing synthetic TLR-4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) at various molar ratios 773:998 Here we present a careful physicochemical characterization of a two-component nanosuspension containing synthetic TLR-4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) at various molar ratios. 24464844 3 38 theme physicochemical 499:513 arg1 properties 515:524 physicochemical properties 499:524 physicochemical properties 499:524 Even within a formulated adjuvant class, excipient selection and concentration can alter potency and physicochemical properties of the mixture. 24464844 0 39 theme determining 58:68 arg1 factor 70:75 a determining factor 56:75 a determining factor of TLR4-agonist nanosuspension activity 56:115 Modulating potency: Physicochemical characteristics are a determining factor of TLR4-agonist nanosuspension activity. 24464844 0 39 theme determining 58:68 arg1 characteristics 36:50 Physicochemical characteristics 20:50 Physicochemical characteristics 20:50 Modulating potency: Physicochemical characteristics are a determining factor of TLR4-agonist nanosuspension activity. 24464844 6 40 theme human 1109:1113 arg1 blood 1121:1125 human whole blood 1109:1125 human whole blood 1109:1125 Physicochemical properties were compared with potency, as measured by stimulation of cytokine production in human whole blood. 24464844 7 41 theme GLA-DPPC 1213:1220 arg1 ratios 1222:1227 GLA-DPPC ratios 1213:1227 GLA-DPPC ratios 1213:1227 We found a surprising, nonlinear relationship between physicochemical properties and GLA-DPPC ratios that corresponded well with changes in biological activity. 24464844 6 42 theme Physicochemical 1001:1015 arg1 properties 1017:1026 Physicochemical properties 1001:1026 Physicochemical properties 1001:1026 Physicochemical properties were compared with potency, as measured by stimulation of cytokine production in human whole blood. 24464844 7 43 theme physicochemical 1182:1196 arg1 properties 1198:1207 physicochemical properties 1182:1207 physicochemical properties 1182:1207 We found a surprising, nonlinear relationship between physicochemical properties and GLA-DPPC ratios that corresponded well with changes in biological activity. 24464844 1 44 theme adjuvanted 130:139 arg1 vaccines 141:148 adjuvanted vaccines 130:148 adjuvanted vaccines 130:148 Activity of adjuvanted vaccines is difficult to predict in vitro and in vivo. 24464844 3 45 theme excipient 439:447 arg1 selection 449:457 excipient selection 439:457 excipient selection 439:457 Even within a formulated adjuvant class, excipient selection and concentration can alter potency and physicochemical properties of the mixture. 24464844 4 46 theme formulations 620:631 arg1 properties 587:596 physicochemical properties 571:596 physicochemical properties of adjuvanted vaccine formulations and relationship to biological response 571:671 Complete characterization of physicochemical properties of adjuvanted vaccine formulations and relationship to biological response is necessary to move beyond a guess-and-check paradigm toward directed development. 24464844 5 47 theme careful 775:781 arg1 characterization 799:814 a careful physicochemical characterization 773:814 a careful physicochemical characterization of a two-component nanosuspension containing synthetic TLR-4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) at various molar ratios 773:998 Here we present a careful physicochemical characterization of a two-component nanosuspension containing synthetic TLR-4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) at various molar ratios. 24464844 2 48 theme conformational 223:236 arg1 range 238:242 The wide compositional and conformational range 196:242 The wide compositional and conformational range 196:242 The wide compositional and conformational range of formulated adjuvants, from aluminum salts to oil-in-water emulsions, makes comparisons between physicochemical and immunological properties difficult. 24464844 8 49 from understanding 1335:1347 arg1 development 1413:1423 development 1413:1423 development of adjuvanted vaccines 1413:1446 We discuss these data in light of the current understanding of TLR4 activation and the conformation-potency relationship in development of adjuvanted vaccines. 24464844 1 50 theme vaccines 141:148 arg1 Activity 118:125 Activity 118:125 Activity of adjuvanted vaccines 118:148 Activity of adjuvanted vaccines is difficult to predict in vitro and in vivo. 24464844 4 51 theme vaccine 612:618 arg1 formulations 620:631 adjuvanted vaccine formulations 601:631 adjuvanted vaccine formulations 601:631 Complete characterization of physicochemical properties of adjuvanted vaccine formulations and relationship to biological response is necessary to move beyond a guess-and-check paradigm toward directed development. 24464844 5 52 theme physicochemical 783:797 arg1 characterization 799:814 a careful physicochemical characterization 773:814 a careful physicochemical characterization of a two-component nanosuspension containing synthetic TLR-4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) at various molar ratios 773:998 Here we present a careful physicochemical characterization of a two-component nanosuspension containing synthetic TLR-4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) at various molar ratios. 24464844 2 53 theme compositional 205:217 arg1 range 238:242 The wide compositional and conformational range 196:242 The wide compositional and conformational range 196:242 The wide compositional and conformational range of formulated adjuvants, from aluminum salts to oil-in-water emulsions, makes comparisons between physicochemical and immunological properties difficult. 24464844 2 54 theme aluminum 274:281 arg1 salts 283:287 aluminum salts 274:287 aluminum salts to oil-in-water emulsions 274:313 The wide compositional and conformational range of formulated adjuvants, from aluminum salts to oil-in-water emulsions, makes comparisons between physicochemical and immunological properties difficult. 24464844 2 55 from salts 283:287 arg1 range 238:242 The wide compositional and conformational range 196:242 The wide compositional and conformational range 196:242 The wide compositional and conformational range of formulated adjuvants, from aluminum salts to oil-in-water emulsions, makes comparisons between physicochemical and immunological properties difficult. 24464844 6 56 dep potency 1047:1053 arg1 were 1028:1031 were 1028:1031 were 1028:1031 Physicochemical properties were compared with potency, as measured by stimulation of cytokine production in human whole blood. 24464844 2 57 theme wide 200:203 arg1 range 238:242 The wide compositional and conformational range 196:242 The wide compositional and conformational range 196:242 The wide compositional and conformational range of formulated adjuvants, from aluminum salts to oil-in-water emulsions, makes comparisons between physicochemical and immunological properties difficult. 24464844 7 58 theme surprising 1139:1148 arg1 relationship 1161:1172 a surprising, nonlinear relationship 1137:1172 a surprising, nonlinear relationship between physicochemical properties and GLA-DPPC ratios that corresponded well with changes in biological activity 1137:1286 We found a surprising, nonlinear relationship between physicochemical properties and GLA-DPPC ratios that corresponded well with changes in biological activity. 24464844 2 59 theme physicochemical 342:356 arg1 properties 376:385 physicochemical and immunological properties 342:385 physicochemical and immunological properties 342:385 The wide compositional and conformational range of formulated adjuvants, from aluminum salts to oil-in-water emulsions, makes comparisons between physicochemical and immunological properties difficult. 24464844 8 60 from relationship 1397:1408 arg1 development 1413:1423 development 1413:1423 development of adjuvanted vaccines 1413:1446 We discuss these data in light of the current understanding of TLR4 activation and the conformation-potency relationship in development of adjuvanted vaccines. 24464844 5 61 theme glucopyranosyl 885:898 arg1 GLA 916:918 synthetic TLR-4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) 861:919 synthetic TLR-4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) 861:919 Here we present a careful physicochemical characterization of a two-component nanosuspension containing synthetic TLR-4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) at various molar ratios. 24464844 4 62 theme directed 735:742 arg1 development 744:754 directed development 735:754 directed development 735:754 Complete characterization of physicochemical properties of adjuvanted vaccine formulations and relationship to biological response is necessary to move beyond a guess-and-check paradigm toward directed development. 24464844 0 63 dep potency 11:17 arg1 factor 70:75 a determining factor 56:75 a determining factor of TLR4-agonist nanosuspension activity 56:115 Modulating potency: Physicochemical characteristics are a determining factor of TLR4-agonist nanosuspension activity. 24464844 0 63 dep potency 11:17 arg1 characteristics 36:50 Physicochemical characteristics 20:50 Physicochemical characteristics 20:50 Modulating potency: Physicochemical characteristics are a determining factor of TLR4-agonist nanosuspension activity. 24464844 4 64 theme guess-and-check 703:717 arg1 paradigm 719:726 a guess-and-check paradigm 701:726 a guess-and-check paradigm 701:726 Complete characterization of physicochemical properties of adjuvanted vaccine formulations and relationship to biological response is necessary to move beyond a guess-and-check paradigm toward directed development. 24464844 5 65 theme lipid 900:904 arg1 GLA 916:918 synthetic TLR-4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) 861:919 synthetic TLR-4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) 861:919 Here we present a careful physicochemical characterization of a two-component nanosuspension containing synthetic TLR-4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) at various molar ratios. 24464844 2 66 theme adjuvants 258:266 arg1 range 238:242 The wide compositional and conformational range 196:242 The wide compositional and conformational range 196:242 The wide compositional and conformational range of formulated adjuvants, from aluminum salts to oil-in-water emulsions, makes comparisons between physicochemical and immunological properties difficult. 24464844 8 67 theme activation 1357:1366 arg1 relationship 1397:1408 the conformation-potency relationship 1372:1408 the conformation-potency relationship in development of adjuvanted vaccines 1372:1446 We discuss these data in light of the current understanding of TLR4 activation and the conformation-potency relationship in development of adjuvanted vaccines. 24464844 8 67 theme activation 1357:1366 arg1 understanding 1335:1347 the current understanding 1323:1347 the current understanding of TLR4 activation 1323:1366 We discuss these data in light of the current understanding of TLR4 activation and the conformation-potency relationship in development of adjuvanted vaccines. 24464844 5 68 theme synthetic 861:869 arg1 GLA 916:918 synthetic TLR-4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) 861:919 synthetic TLR-4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) 861:919 Here we present a careful physicochemical characterization of a two-component nanosuspension containing synthetic TLR-4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) at various molar ratios. 27928643 0 0 theme poly 75:78 arg1 properties 61:70 the thermal properties 49:70 the thermal properties of poly(lactic acid) 49:91 Effect of polymorphs of cellulose nanocrystal on the thermal properties of poly(lactic acid)/cellulose nanocrystal composites. 27928643 6 1 theme PLA/ACN 958:964 arg1 composites 967:976 poly(lactic acid)/acetylated CNC (PLA/ACN) composites 924:976 poly(lactic acid)/acetylated CNC (PLA/ACN) composites 924:976 The effect of CNC polymorphs on the crystallization behavior and thermal stability of poly(lactic acid)/acetylated CNC (PLA/ACN) composites was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and TGA, respectively. 27928643 6 2 theme scanning 1011:1018 arg1 calorimetry 1020:1030 differential scanning calorimetry 998:1030 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 998:1036 The effect of CNC polymorphs on the crystallization behavior and thermal stability of poly(lactic acid)/acetylated CNC (PLA/ACN) composites was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and TGA, respectively. 27928643 6 2 theme scanning 1011:1018 arg1 DSC 1033:1035 DSC 1033:1035 DSC 1033:1035 The effect of CNC polymorphs on the crystallization behavior and thermal stability of poly(lactic acid)/acetylated CNC (PLA/ACN) composites was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and TGA, respectively. 27928643 6 3 from effect 842:847 arg1 behavior 890:897 crystallization behavior 874:897 crystallization behavior 874:897 The effect of CNC polymorphs on the crystallization behavior and thermal stability of poly(lactic acid)/acetylated CNC (PLA/ACN) composites was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and TGA, respectively. 27928643 6 3 from effect 842:847 arg1 stability 911:919 thermal stability 903:919 thermal stability 903:919 The effect of CNC polymorphs on the crystallization behavior and thermal stability of poly(lactic acid)/acetylated CNC (PLA/ACN) composites was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and TGA, respectively. 27928643 4 4 theme rod-like 623:630 arg1 structure 632:640 the rod-like structure 619:640 the rod-like structure for acetylated CNC I and spherical crystal morphologies for acetylated CNC II 619:718 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the rod-like structure for acetylated CNC I and spherical crystal morphologies for acetylated CNC II. 27928643 1 5 theme mercerized 228:237 arg1 MCC 267:269 MCC 267:269 MCC 267:269 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with different polymorphs CNC I and II were fabricated from native and mercerized microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) by sulfuric acid hydrolysis. 27928643 1 5 theme mercerized 228:237 arg1 cellulose 256:264 native and mercerized microcrystalline cellulose 217:264 native and mercerized microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) 217:270 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with different polymorphs CNC I and II were fabricated from native and mercerized microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) by sulfuric acid hydrolysis. 27928643 0 6 theme lactic 80:85 arg1 poly 75:78 poly 75:78 poly(lactic acid) 75:91 Effect of polymorphs of cellulose nanocrystal on the thermal properties of poly(lactic acid)/cellulose nanocrystal composites. 27928643 0 6 theme lactic 80:85 arg1 acid 87:90 lactic acid 80:90 lactic acid 80:90 Effect of polymorphs of cellulose nanocrystal on the thermal properties of poly(lactic acid)/cellulose nanocrystal composites. 27928643 0 7 from Effect 0:5 arg1 properties 61:70 the thermal properties 49:70 the thermal properties of poly(lactic acid) 49:91 Effect of polymorphs of cellulose nanocrystal on the thermal properties of poly(lactic acid)/cellulose nanocrystal composites. 27928643 4 8 theme acetylated 702:711 arg1 CNC 713:715 acetylated CNC II 702:718 acetylated CNC II 702:718 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the rod-like structure for acetylated CNC I and spherical crystal morphologies for acetylated CNC II. 27928643 1 9 theme microcrystalline 239:254 arg1 MCC 267:269 MCC 267:269 MCC 267:269 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with different polymorphs CNC I and II were fabricated from native and mercerized microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) by sulfuric acid hydrolysis. 27928643 1 9 theme microcrystalline 239:254 arg1 cellulose 256:264 native and mercerized microcrystalline cellulose 217:264 native and mercerized microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) 217:270 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with different polymorphs CNC I and II were fabricated from native and mercerized microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) by sulfuric acid hydrolysis. 27928643 4 10 theme spherical 667:675 arg1 morphologies 685:696 spherical crystal morphologies 667:696 spherical crystal morphologies 667:696 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the rod-like structure for acetylated CNC I and spherical crystal morphologies for acetylated CNC II. 27928643 1 11 with nanocrystals 137:148 arg1 I 187:187 I 187:187 I 187:187 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with different polymorphs CNC I and II were fabricated from native and mercerized microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) by sulfuric acid hydrolysis. 27928643 1 11 with nanocrystals 137:148 arg1 CNC 183:185 different polymorphs CNC I and II 162:194 different polymorphs CNC I and II 162:194 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with different polymorphs CNC I and II were fabricated from native and mercerized microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) by sulfuric acid hydrolysis. 27928643 1 11 with nanocrystals 137:148 arg1 II 193:194 II 193:194 II 193:194 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with different polymorphs CNC I and II were fabricated from native and mercerized microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) by sulfuric acid hydrolysis. 27928643 5 12 theme CNC 793:795 arg1 stability 780:788 the thermal stability 768:788 the thermal stability of CNC I and II 768:804 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the thermal stability of CNC I and II was enhanced after acetylation. 27928643 5 13 theme thermal 772:778 arg1 stability 780:788 the thermal stability 768:788 the thermal stability of CNC I and II 768:804 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the thermal stability of CNC I and II was enhanced after acetylation. 27928643 2 14 theme " 354:354 arg1 method 356:361 a "green" method 346:361 a "green" method 346:361 CNC I and II were successfully acetylated by a "green" method, which was performed in an ionic liquid of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM]BF4). 27928643 2 15 theme tetrafluoroborate 434:450 arg1 liquid 396:401 liquid 396:401 liquid 396:401 CNC I and II were successfully acetylated by a "green" method, which was performed in an ionic liquid of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM]BF4). 27928643 7 16 theme PLA/ 1186:1189 arg1 ACN 1191:1193 PLA/ ACN II 1186:1196 PLA/ ACN II 1186:1196 It was found that compared to ACN I, ACN II was better able to promote the cold crystallization of PLA-based composites, and PLA/ ACN II possessed higher thermal stability. 27928643 6 17 theme differential 998:1009 arg1 calorimetry 1020:1030 differential scanning calorimetry 998:1030 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 998:1036 The effect of CNC polymorphs on the crystallization behavior and thermal stability of poly(lactic acid)/acetylated CNC (PLA/ACN) composites was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and TGA, respectively. 27928643 6 17 theme differential 998:1009 arg1 DSC 1033:1035 DSC 1033:1035 DSC 1033:1035 The effect of CNC polymorphs on the crystallization behavior and thermal stability of poly(lactic acid)/acetylated CNC (PLA/ACN) composites was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and TGA, respectively. 27928643 2 18 theme green 349:353 arg1 method 356:361 a "green" method 346:361 a "green" method 346:361 CNC I and II were successfully acetylated by a "green" method, which was performed in an ionic liquid of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM]BF4). 27928643 3 19 theme crystal 505:511 arg1 structure 513:521 the crystal structure 501:521 the crystal structure of CNC I and II 501:537 X-ray diffraction (XRD) proved that the crystal structure of CNC I and II was maintained after acetylation. 27928643 1 20 theme different 162:170 arg1 I 187:187 I 187:187 I 187:187 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with different polymorphs CNC I and II were fabricated from native and mercerized microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) by sulfuric acid hydrolysis. 27928643 1 20 theme different 162:170 arg1 CNC 183:185 different polymorphs CNC I and II 162:194 different polymorphs CNC I and II 162:194 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with different polymorphs CNC I and II were fabricated from native and mercerized microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) by sulfuric acid hydrolysis. 27928643 1 20 theme different 162:170 arg1 II 193:194 II 193:194 II 193:194 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with different polymorphs CNC I and II were fabricated from native and mercerized microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) by sulfuric acid hydrolysis. 27928643 6 21 theme thermal 903:909 arg1 stability 911:919 thermal stability 903:919 thermal stability 903:919 The effect of CNC polymorphs on the crystallization behavior and thermal stability of poly(lactic acid)/acetylated CNC (PLA/ACN) composites was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and TGA, respectively. 27928643 7 22 contain possessed 1198:1206 arg2 stability 1223:1231 higher thermal stability 1208:1231 higher thermal stability 1208:1231 It was found that compared to ACN I, ACN II was better able to promote the cold crystallization of PLA-based composites, and PLA/ ACN II possessed higher thermal stability. 27928643 7 22 contain possessed 1198:1206 arg1 ACN 1191:1193 PLA/ ACN II 1186:1196 PLA/ ACN II 1186:1196 It was found that compared to ACN I, ACN II was better able to promote the cold crystallization of PLA-based composites, and PLA/ ACN II possessed higher thermal stability. 27928643 2 23 dep CNC 301:303 arg1 CNC 301:303 CNC I and II 301:312 CNC I and II 301:312 CNC I and II were successfully acetylated by a "green" method, which was performed in an ionic liquid of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM]BF4). 27928643 2 23 dep CNC 301:303 arg1 II 311:312 II 311:312 II 311:312 CNC I and II were successfully acetylated by a "green" method, which was performed in an ionic liquid of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM]BF4). 27928643 2 23 dep CNC 301:303 arg1 I 305:305 I 305:305 I 305:305 CNC I and II were successfully acetylated by a "green" method, which was performed in an ionic liquid of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM]BF4). 27928643 1 24 theme polymorphs 172:181 arg1 I 187:187 I 187:187 I 187:187 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with different polymorphs CNC I and II were fabricated from native and mercerized microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) by sulfuric acid hydrolysis. 27928643 1 24 theme polymorphs 172:181 arg1 CNC 183:185 different polymorphs CNC I and II 162:194 different polymorphs CNC I and II 162:194 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with different polymorphs CNC I and II were fabricated from native and mercerized microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) by sulfuric acid hydrolysis. 27928643 1 24 theme polymorphs 172:181 arg1 II 193:194 II 193:194 II 193:194 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with different polymorphs CNC I and II were fabricated from native and mercerized microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) by sulfuric acid hydrolysis. 27928643 7 25 theme thermal 1215:1221 arg1 stability 1223:1231 higher thermal stability 1208:1231 higher thermal stability 1208:1231 It was found that compared to ACN I, ACN II was better able to promote the cold crystallization of PLA-based composites, and PLA/ ACN II possessed higher thermal stability. 27928643 0 26 theme nanocrystal 103:113 arg1 composites 115:124 nanocrystal composites 103:124 nanocrystal composites 103:124 Effect of polymorphs of cellulose nanocrystal on the thermal properties of poly(lactic acid)/cellulose nanocrystal composites. 27928643 0 27 theme polymorphs 10:19 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of polymorphs of cellulose nanocrystal on the thermal properties of poly(lactic acid) 0:91 Effect of polymorphs of cellulose nanocrystal on the thermal properties of poly(lactic acid)/cellulose nanocrystal composites. 27928643 4 28 theme crystal 677:683 arg1 morphologies 685:696 spherical crystal morphologies 667:696 spherical crystal morphologies 667:696 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the rod-like structure for acetylated CNC I and spherical crystal morphologies for acetylated CNC II. 27928643 3 29 theme X-ray 465:469 arg1 XRD 484:486 XRD 484:486 XRD 484:486 X-ray diffraction (XRD) proved that the crystal structure of CNC I and II was maintained after acetylation. 27928643 3 29 theme X-ray 465:469 arg1 diffraction 471:481 X-ray diffraction 465:481 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 465:487 X-ray diffraction (XRD) proved that the crystal structure of CNC I and II was maintained after acetylation. 27928643 0 30 theme nanocrystal 34:44 arg1 polymorphs 10:19 polymorphs 10:19 polymorphs of cellulose nanocrystal 10:44 Effect of polymorphs of cellulose nanocrystal on the thermal properties of poly(lactic acid)/cellulose nanocrystal composites. 27928643 6 31 theme crystallization 874:888 arg1 behavior 890:897 crystallization behavior 874:897 crystallization behavior 874:897 The effect of CNC polymorphs on the crystallization behavior and thermal stability of poly(lactic acid)/acetylated CNC (PLA/ACN) composites was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and TGA, respectively. 27928643 7 32 theme composites 1170:1179 arg1 crystallization 1141:1155 the cold crystallization 1132:1155 the cold crystallization of PLA-based composites 1132:1179 It was found that compared to ACN I, ACN II was better able to promote the cold crystallization of PLA-based composites, and PLA/ ACN II possessed higher thermal stability. 27928643 6 33 theme composites 967:976 arg1 behavior 890:897 crystallization behavior 874:897 crystallization behavior 874:897 The effect of CNC polymorphs on the crystallization behavior and thermal stability of poly(lactic acid)/acetylated CNC (PLA/ACN) composites was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and TGA, respectively. 27928643 6 33 theme composites 967:976 arg1 stability 911:919 thermal stability 903:919 thermal stability 903:919 The effect of CNC polymorphs on the crystallization behavior and thermal stability of poly(lactic acid)/acetylated CNC (PLA/ACN) composites was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and TGA, respectively. 27928643 4 34 theme electron 586:593 arg1 TEM 607:609 TEM 607:609 TEM 607:609 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the rod-like structure for acetylated CNC I and spherical crystal morphologies for acetylated CNC II. 27928643 4 34 theme electron 586:593 arg1 microscopy 595:604 Transmission electron microscopy 573:604 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 573:610 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the rod-like structure for acetylated CNC I and spherical crystal morphologies for acetylated CNC II. 27928643 2 35 theme 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium 406:432 arg1 [BMIM 453:457 [BMIM 453:457 [BMIM 453:457 CNC I and II were successfully acetylated by a "green" method, which was performed in an ionic liquid of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM]BF4). 27928643 2 35 theme 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium 406:432 arg1 tetrafluoroborate 434:450 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate 406:450 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM]BF4) 406:462 CNC I and II were successfully acetylated by a "green" method, which was performed in an ionic liquid of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM]BF4). 27928643 1 36 theme sulfuric 275:282 arg1 hydrolysis 289:298 sulfuric acid hydrolysis 275:298 sulfuric acid hydrolysis 275:298 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with different polymorphs CNC I and II were fabricated from native and mercerized microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) by sulfuric acid hydrolysis. 27928643 0 37 theme cellulose 24:32 arg1 nanocrystal 34:44 cellulose nanocrystal 24:44 cellulose nanocrystal 24:44 Effect of polymorphs of cellulose nanocrystal on the thermal properties of poly(lactic acid)/cellulose nanocrystal composites. 27928643 6 38 theme poly 924:927 arg1 composites 967:976 poly(lactic acid)/acetylated CNC (PLA/ACN) composites 924:976 poly(lactic acid)/acetylated CNC (PLA/ACN) composites 924:976 The effect of CNC polymorphs on the crystallization behavior and thermal stability of poly(lactic acid)/acetylated CNC (PLA/ACN) composites was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and TGA, respectively. 27928643 6 39 theme lactic 929:934 arg1 poly 924:927 poly 924:927 poly(lactic acid)/acetylated CNC (PLA/ACN) composites 924:976 The effect of CNC polymorphs on the crystallization behavior and thermal stability of poly(lactic acid)/acetylated CNC (PLA/ACN) composites was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and TGA, respectively. 27928643 6 39 theme lactic 929:934 arg1 acid 936:939 lactic acid 929:939 lactic acid 929:939 The effect of CNC polymorphs on the crystallization behavior and thermal stability of poly(lactic acid)/acetylated CNC (PLA/ACN) composites was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and TGA, respectively. 27928643 4 40 theme Transmission 573:584 arg1 TEM 607:609 TEM 607:609 TEM 607:609 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the rod-like structure for acetylated CNC I and spherical crystal morphologies for acetylated CNC II. 27928643 4 40 theme Transmission 573:584 arg1 microscopy 595:604 Transmission electron microscopy 573:604 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 573:610 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the rod-like structure for acetylated CNC I and spherical crystal morphologies for acetylated CNC II. 27928643 1 41 theme acid 284:287 arg1 hydrolysis 289:298 sulfuric acid hydrolysis 275:298 sulfuric acid hydrolysis 275:298 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with different polymorphs CNC I and II were fabricated from native and mercerized microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) by sulfuric acid hydrolysis. 27928643 2 42 dep [BMIM 453:457 arg1 BF4 459:461 BF4 459:461 BF4 459:461 CNC I and II were successfully acetylated by a "green" method, which was performed in an ionic liquid of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM]BF4). 27928643 5 43 dep CNC 793:795 arg1 I 797:797 I 797:797 I 797:797 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the thermal stability of CNC I and II was enhanced after acetylation. 27928643 5 43 dep CNC 793:795 arg1 CNC 793:795 CNC I and II 793:804 CNC I and II 793:804 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the thermal stability of CNC I and II was enhanced after acetylation. 27928643 5 43 dep CNC 793:795 arg1 II 803:804 II 803:804 II 803:804 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the thermal stability of CNC I and II was enhanced after acetylation. 27928643 4 44 theme acetylated 646:655 arg1 I 661:661 acetylated CNC I 646:661 acetylated CNC I 646:661 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the rod-like structure for acetylated CNC I and spherical crystal morphologies for acetylated CNC II. 27928643 6 45 theme polymorphs 856:865 arg1 effect 842:847 The effect 838:847 The effect of CNC polymorphs on the crystallization behavior and thermal stability of poly(lactic acid)/acetylated CNC (PLA/ACN) composites 838:976 The effect of CNC polymorphs on the crystallization behavior and thermal stability of poly(lactic acid)/acetylated CNC (PLA/ACN) composites was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and TGA, respectively. 27928643 6 46 dep behavior 890:897 arg1 the 870:872 the 870:872 the 870:872 The effect of CNC polymorphs on the crystallization behavior and thermal stability of poly(lactic acid)/acetylated CNC (PLA/ACN) composites was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and TGA, respectively. 27928643 3 47 theme CNC 526:528 arg1 structure 513:521 the crystal structure 501:521 the crystal structure of CNC I and II 501:537 X-ray diffraction (XRD) proved that the crystal structure of CNC I and II was maintained after acetylation. 27928643 7 48 theme higher 1208:1213 arg1 stability 1223:1231 higher thermal stability 1208:1231 higher thermal stability 1208:1231 It was found that compared to ACN I, ACN II was better able to promote the cold crystallization of PLA-based composites, and PLA/ ACN II possessed higher thermal stability. 27928643 7 49 theme PLA-based 1160:1168 arg1 composites 1170:1179 PLA-based composites 1160:1179 PLA-based composites 1160:1179 It was found that compared to ACN I, ACN II was better able to promote the cold crystallization of PLA-based composites, and PLA/ ACN II possessed higher thermal stability. 27928643 6 50 theme CNC 852:854 arg1 polymorphs 856:865 CNC polymorphs 852:865 CNC polymorphs 852:865 The effect of CNC polymorphs on the crystallization behavior and thermal stability of poly(lactic acid)/acetylated CNC (PLA/ACN) composites was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and TGA, respectively. 27928643 7 51 theme cold 1136:1139 arg1 crystallization 1141:1155 the cold crystallization 1132:1155 the cold crystallization of PLA-based composites 1132:1179 It was found that compared to ACN I, ACN II was better able to promote the cold crystallization of PLA-based composites, and PLA/ ACN II possessed higher thermal stability. 27928643 6 52 theme /acetylated 941:951 arg1 composites 967:976 poly(lactic acid)/acetylated CNC (PLA/ACN) composites 924:976 poly(lactic acid)/acetylated CNC (PLA/ACN) composites 924:976 The effect of CNC polymorphs on the crystallization behavior and thermal stability of poly(lactic acid)/acetylated CNC (PLA/ACN) composites was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and TGA, respectively. 27928643 4 53 theme CNC 657:659 arg1 I 661:661 acetylated CNC I 646:661 acetylated CNC I 646:661 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the rod-like structure for acetylated CNC I and spherical crystal morphologies for acetylated CNC II. 27928643 6 54 theme CNC 953:955 arg1 composites 967:976 poly(lactic acid)/acetylated CNC (PLA/ACN) composites 924:976 poly(lactic acid)/acetylated CNC (PLA/ACN) composites 924:976 The effect of CNC polymorphs on the crystallization behavior and thermal stability of poly(lactic acid)/acetylated CNC (PLA/ACN) composites was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and TGA, respectively. 27928643 1 55 dep CNC 183:185 arg1 I 187:187 I 187:187 I 187:187 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with different polymorphs CNC I and II were fabricated from native and mercerized microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) by sulfuric acid hydrolysis. 27928643 1 55 dep CNC 183:185 arg1 CNC 183:185 different polymorphs CNC I and II 162:194 different polymorphs CNC I and II 162:194 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with different polymorphs CNC I and II were fabricated from native and mercerized microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) by sulfuric acid hydrolysis. 27928643 1 55 dep CNC 183:185 arg1 II 193:194 II 193:194 II 193:194 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with different polymorphs CNC I and II were fabricated from native and mercerized microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) by sulfuric acid hydrolysis. 27928643 1 56 theme Cellulose 127:135 arg1 nanocrystals 137:148 Cellulose nanocrystals 127:148 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with different polymorphs CNC I and II 127:194 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with different polymorphs CNC I and II were fabricated from native and mercerized microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) by sulfuric acid hydrolysis. 27928643 1 56 theme Cellulose 127:135 arg1 CNCs 151:154 CNCs 151:154 CNCs 151:154 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with different polymorphs CNC I and II were fabricated from native and mercerized microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) by sulfuric acid hydrolysis. 27928643 3 57 dep CNC 526:528 arg1 I 530:530 I 530:530 I 530:530 X-ray diffraction (XRD) proved that the crystal structure of CNC I and II was maintained after acetylation. 27928643 3 57 dep CNC 526:528 arg1 CNC 526:528 CNC I and II 526:537 CNC I and II 526:537 X-ray diffraction (XRD) proved that the crystal structure of CNC I and II was maintained after acetylation. 27928643 3 57 dep CNC 526:528 arg1 II 536:537 II 536:537 II 536:537 X-ray diffraction (XRD) proved that the crystal structure of CNC I and II was maintained after acetylation. 27928643 0 58 theme thermal 53:59 arg1 properties 61:70 the thermal properties 49:70 the thermal properties of poly(lactic acid) 49:91 Effect of polymorphs of cellulose nanocrystal on the thermal properties of poly(lactic acid)/cellulose nanocrystal composites. 27928643 5 59 theme Thermogravimetric 721:737 arg1 analysis 739:746 Thermogravimetric analysis 721:746 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 721:752 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the thermal stability of CNC I and II was enhanced after acetylation. 27928643 5 59 theme Thermogravimetric 721:737 arg1 TGA 749:751 TGA 749:751 TGA 749:751 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the thermal stability of CNC I and II was enhanced after acetylation. 27928643 1 60 theme native 217:222 arg1 MCC 267:269 MCC 267:269 MCC 267:269 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with different polymorphs CNC I and II were fabricated from native and mercerized microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) by sulfuric acid hydrolysis. 27928643 1 60 theme native 217:222 arg1 cellulose 256:264 native and mercerized microcrystalline cellulose 217:264 native and mercerized microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) 217:270 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with different polymorphs CNC I and II were fabricated from native and mercerized microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) by sulfuric acid hydrolysis. 26394861 9 0 from changes 1256:1262 arg1 settleability 1267:1279 settleability 1267:1279 settleability 1267:1279 Corresponding changes in sludge volume index were observed that reflected changes in settleability. 26394861 12 1 theme live 1747:1750 arg1 cells 1752:1756 live cells 1747:1756 live cells 1747:1756 During stage 2 bulking, there was a decrease in live cells; dead cells predominated. 26394861 11 2 theme fluorescent 1605:1615 arg1 staining 1617:1624 molecule-specific fluorescent staining 1587:1624 molecule-specific fluorescent staining 1587:1624 Confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) imaging of the biomass samples, coupled with molecule-specific fluorescent staining, confirmed that protein was predominant in stage 1 and stage 3 granules. 26394861 5 3 theme dispersed 669:677 arg1 flocs 698:702 Loosely bound, dispersed, and pinpoint seed flocs 654:702 Loosely bound, dispersed, and pinpoint seed flocs 654:702 Loosely bound, dispersed, and pinpoint seed flocs gradually turned into granular flocs within 60 days of SBR operation. 26394861 11 4 theme scanning 1514:1521 arg1 CLSM 1536:1539 CLSM 1536:1539 CLSM 1536:1539 Confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) imaging of the biomass samples, coupled with molecule-specific fluorescent staining, confirmed that protein was predominant in stage 1 and stage 3 granules. 26394861 11 4 theme scanning 1514:1521 arg1 imaging 1542:1548 Confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) imaging 1499:1548 Confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) imaging 1499:1548 Confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) imaging of the biomass samples, coupled with molecule-specific fluorescent staining, confirmed that protein was predominant in stage 1 and stage 3 granules. 26394861 1 5 theme settling 279:286 arg1 properties 288:297 efficient settling properties 269:297 efficient settling properties 269:297 Aerobic granules offer enhanced biological nutrient removal and are compact and dense structures resulting in efficient settling properties. 26394861 8 6 from diameter 1172:1179 arg1 2-5 mm 1162:1167 2-5 mm 1162:1167 2-5 mm 1162:1167 By stage 3, the SBRs were selected for larger granules and better settling structures, which included filaments that became enmeshed within the granule, eventually forming structures 2-5 mm in diameter. 26394861 11 7 theme Confocal 1499:1506 arg1 CLSM 1536:1539 CLSM 1536:1539 CLSM 1536:1539 Confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) imaging of the biomass samples, coupled with molecule-specific fluorescent staining, confirmed that protein was predominant in stage 1 and stage 3 granules. 26394861 11 7 theme Confocal 1499:1506 arg1 imaging 1542:1548 Confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) imaging 1499:1548 Confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) imaging 1499:1548 Confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) imaging of the biomass samples, coupled with molecule-specific fluorescent staining, confirmed that protein was predominant in stage 1 and stage 3 granules. 26394861 10 8 dep stage 1380:1384 arg1 granules 1400:1407 granules 1400:1407 granules 1400:1407 The protein-to-polysaccharide ratio in the extracted extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) from stage 1 and stage 3 granules was higher (2.8 and 5.7, respectively), as compared to stage 2 filamentous bulking (1.5). 26394861 17 9 theme relative 2429:2436 arg1 abundance 2438:2446 The relative abundance 2425:2446 The relative abundance of Rhodanobacter 2425:2463 The relative abundance of Rhodanobacter coincided with high protein concentrations in EPS, suggesting a role in microbial aggregation and granule formation. 26394861 15 10 theme stable 2291:2296 arg1 formation 2306:2314 stage 3 stable granule formation 2283:2314 stage 3 stable granule formation 2283:2314 The chitinolytic activity of Chitinophaga is likely antagonistic towards Auxenochlorella and may have contributed to stage 3 stable granule formation. 26394861 6 11 theme granular 790:797 arg1 0.2 mm 845:850 0.2 mm 845:850 0.2 mm 845:850 In stage 1, the granular flocs were compact in structure and typically 0.2 mm in diameter, with excellent settling properties. 26394861 6 11 theme granular 790:797 arg1 compact 810:816 compact 810:816 compact 810:816 In stage 1, the granular flocs were compact in structure and typically 0.2 mm in diameter, with excellent settling properties. 26394861 6 11 theme granular 790:797 arg1 flocs 799:803 the granular flocs 786:803 the granular flocs 786:803 In stage 1, the granular flocs were compact in structure and typically 0.2 mm in diameter, with excellent settling properties. 26394861 2 12 theme Granule 300:306 arg1 challenge 341:349 a challenge 339:349 a challenge as understanding of the drivers of instability is poorly understood 339:417 Granule instability, however, is still a challenge as understanding of the drivers of instability is poorly understood. 26394861 2 12 theme Granule 300:306 arg1 instability 308:318 Granule instability 300:318 Granule instability 300:318 Granule instability, however, is still a challenge as understanding of the drivers of instability is poorly understood. 26394861 1 13 theme biological 191:200 arg1 removal 211:217 enhanced biological nutrient removal 182:217 enhanced biological nutrient removal 182:217 Aerobic granules offer enhanced biological nutrient removal and are compact and dense structures resulting in efficient settling properties. 26394861 6 14 theme excellent 870:878 arg1 properties 889:898 excellent settling properties 870:898 excellent settling properties 870:898 In stage 1, the granular flocs were compact in structure and typically 0.2 mm in diameter, with excellent settling properties. 26394861 5 15 theme bound 662:666 arg1 flocs 698:702 Loosely bound, dispersed, and pinpoint seed flocs 654:702 Loosely bound, dispersed, and pinpoint seed flocs 654:702 Loosely bound, dispersed, and pinpoint seed flocs gradually turned into granular flocs within 60 days of SBR operation. 26394861 0 16 with reactor 103:109 arg1 stage 152:156 an intermediate filamentous bulking stage 116:156 an intermediate filamentous bulking stage 116:156 Microbial dynamics and properties of aerobic granules developed in a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor with an intermediate filamentous bulking stage. 26394861 0 17 theme intermediate 119:130 arg1 stage 152:156 an intermediate filamentous bulking stage 116:156 an intermediate filamentous bulking stage 116:156 Microbial dynamics and properties of aerobic granules developed in a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor with an intermediate filamentous bulking stage. 26394861 6 18 dep compact 810:816 arg1 0.2 mm 845:850 0.2 mm 845:850 0.2 mm 845:850 In stage 1, the granular flocs were compact in structure and typically 0.2 mm in diameter, with excellent settling properties. 26394861 6 18 dep compact 810:816 arg1 compact 810:816 compact 810:816 compact 810:816 In stage 1, the granular flocs were compact in structure and typically 0.2 mm in diameter, with excellent settling properties. 26394861 6 18 dep compact 810:816 arg1 flocs 799:803 the granular flocs 786:803 the granular flocs 786:803 In stage 1, the granular flocs were compact in structure and typically 0.2 mm in diameter, with excellent settling properties. 26394861 6 19 from structure 821:829 arg1 0.2 mm 845:850 0.2 mm 845:850 0.2 mm 845:850 In stage 1, the granular flocs were compact in structure and typically 0.2 mm in diameter, with excellent settling properties. 26394861 6 19 from structure 821:829 arg1 compact 810:816 compact 810:816 compact 810:816 In stage 1, the granular flocs were compact in structure and typically 0.2 mm in diameter, with excellent settling properties. 26394861 6 19 from structure 821:829 arg1 flocs 799:803 the granular flocs 786:803 the granular flocs 786:803 In stage 1, the granular flocs were compact in structure and typically 0.2 mm in diameter, with excellent settling properties. 26394861 0 20 theme bulking 144:150 arg1 stage 152:156 an intermediate filamentous bulking stage 116:156 an intermediate filamentous bulking stage 116:156 Microbial dynamics and properties of aerobic granules developed in a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor with an intermediate filamentous bulking stage. 26394861 16 21 from stage 2407:2411 arg1 predominant 2380:2390 predominant 2380:2390 predominant 2380:2390 Rhodanobacter, known to support complete denitrification, were predominant in stage 1 and stage 3 granules. 26394861 5 22 theme seed 693:696 arg1 flocs 698:702 Loosely bound, dispersed, and pinpoint seed flocs 654:702 Loosely bound, dispersed, and pinpoint seed flocs 654:702 Loosely bound, dispersed, and pinpoint seed flocs gradually turned into granular flocs within 60 days of SBR operation. 26394861 13 23 theme Denaturing 1784:1793 arg1 DGGE 1825:1828 DGGE 1825:1828 DGGE 1825:1828 Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprint results indicated a shift in bacterial community composition during granulation, which was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. 26394861 13 23 theme Denaturing 1784:1793 arg1 electrophoresis 1808:1822 Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis 1784:1822 Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprint results 1784:1849 Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprint results indicated a shift in bacterial community composition during granulation, which was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. 26394861 11 24 from stage 1681:1685 arg1 predominant 1654:1664 predominant 1654:1664 predominant 1654:1664 Confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) imaging of the biomass samples, coupled with molecule-specific fluorescent staining, confirmed that protein was predominant in stage 1 and stage 3 granules. 26394861 16 25 attach predominant 2380:2390 arg2 Rhodanobacter 2317:2329 Rhodanobacter 2317:2329 Rhodanobacter 2317:2329 Rhodanobacter, known to support complete denitrification, were predominant in stage 1 and stage 3 granules. 26394861 16 25 attach predominant 2380:2390 arg1 stage 2395:2399 stage 1 2395:2401 stage 1 2395:2401 Rhodanobacter, known to support complete denitrification, were predominant in stage 1 and stage 3 granules. 26394861 16 25 attach predominant 2380:2390 arg1 stage 2407:2411 stage 3 2407:2413 stage 3 2407:2413 Rhodanobacter, known to support complete denitrification, were predominant in stage 1 and stage 3 granules. 26394861 13 26 theme community 1882:1890 arg1 composition 1892:1902 bacterial community composition 1872:1902 bacterial community composition 1872:1902 Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprint results indicated a shift in bacterial community composition during granulation, which was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. 26394861 16 27 dep stage 2395:2399 arg1 granules 2415:2422 granules 2415:2422 granules 2415:2422 Rhodanobacter, known to support complete denitrification, were predominant in stage 1 and stage 3 granules. 26394861 1 28 theme Aerobic 159:165 arg1 granules 167:174 Aerobic granules 159:174 Aerobic granules 159:174 Aerobic granules offer enhanced biological nutrient removal and are compact and dense structures resulting in efficient settling properties. 26394861 14 29 theme green 2112:2116 arg1 algae 2118:2122 mixotrophic green algae 2100:2122 mixotrophic green algae 2100:2122 In particular, Janthinobacterium (known denitrifier and producer of antimicrobial pigment) and Auxenochlorella protothecoides (mixotrophic green algae) were predominant during stage 2 bulking. 26394861 14 29 theme green 2112:2116 arg1 protothecoides 2084:2097 Auxenochlorella protothecoides 2068:2097 Auxenochlorella protothecoides (mixotrophic green algae) 2068:2123 In particular, Janthinobacterium (known denitrifier and producer of antimicrobial pigment) and Auxenochlorella protothecoides (mixotrophic green algae) were predominant during stage 2 bulking. 26394861 0 30 theme laboratory-scale 69:84 arg1 reactor 103:109 a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor 67:109 a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor with an intermediate filamentous bulking stage 67:156 Microbial dynamics and properties of aerobic granules developed in a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor with an intermediate filamentous bulking stage. 26394861 17 31 theme microbial 2537:2545 arg1 aggregation 2547:2557 microbial aggregation 2537:2557 microbial aggregation 2537:2557 The relative abundance of Rhodanobacter coincided with high protein concentrations in EPS, suggesting a role in microbial aggregation and granule formation. 26394861 7 32 theme poor 959:962 arg1 settleability 964:976 poor settleability 959:976 poor settleability 959:976 Filaments appeared and dominated by stage 2, resulting in poor settleability. 26394861 9 33 theme Corresponding 1182:1194 arg1 changes 1196:1202 Corresponding changes 1182:1202 Corresponding changes in sludge volume index 1182:1225 Corresponding changes in sludge volume index were observed that reflected changes in settleability. 26394861 0 34 theme batch 97:101 arg1 reactor 103:109 a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor 67:109 a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor with an intermediate filamentous bulking stage 67:156 Microbial dynamics and properties of aerobic granules developed in a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor with an intermediate filamentous bulking stage. 26394861 8 35 theme larger 1018:1023 arg1 granules 1025:1032 larger granules 1018:1032 larger granules 1018:1032 By stage 3, the SBRs were selected for larger granules and better settling structures, which included filaments that became enmeshed within the granule, eventually forming structures 2-5 mm in diameter. 26394861 13 36 theme gradient 1795:1802 arg1 DGGE 1825:1828 DGGE 1825:1828 DGGE 1825:1828 Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprint results indicated a shift in bacterial community composition during granulation, which was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. 26394861 13 36 theme gradient 1795:1802 arg1 electrophoresis 1808:1822 Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis 1784:1822 Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprint results 1784:1849 Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprint results indicated a shift in bacterial community composition during granulation, which was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. 26394861 15 37 theme Chitinophaga 2195:2206 arg1 antagonistic 2218:2229 antagonistic 2218:2229 antagonistic 2218:2229 The chitinolytic activity of Chitinophaga is likely antagonistic towards Auxenochlorella and may have contributed to stage 3 stable granule formation. 26394861 15 37 theme Chitinophaga 2195:2206 arg1 activity 2183:2190 The chitinolytic activity 2166:2190 The chitinolytic activity of Chitinophaga 2166:2206 The chitinolytic activity of Chitinophaga is likely antagonistic towards Auxenochlorella and may have contributed to stage 3 stable granule formation. 26394861 14 38 theme Auxenochlorella 2068:2082 arg1 algae 2118:2122 mixotrophic green algae 2100:2122 mixotrophic green algae 2100:2122 In particular, Janthinobacterium (known denitrifier and producer of antimicrobial pigment) and Auxenochlorella protothecoides (mixotrophic green algae) were predominant during stage 2 bulking. 26394861 14 38 theme Auxenochlorella 2068:2082 arg1 protothecoides 2084:2097 Auxenochlorella protothecoides 2068:2097 Auxenochlorella protothecoides (mixotrophic green algae) 2068:2123 In particular, Janthinobacterium (known denitrifier and producer of antimicrobial pigment) and Auxenochlorella protothecoides (mixotrophic green algae) were predominant during stage 2 bulking. 26394861 5 39 theme SBR 759:761 arg1 operation 763:771 SBR operation 759:771 SBR operation 759:771 Loosely bound, dispersed, and pinpoint seed flocs gradually turned into granular flocs within 60 days of SBR operation. 26394861 3 40 theme transient 435:443 arg1 instability 445:455 transient instability 435:455 transient instability 435:455 In this study, transient instability of aerobic granules, associated with filamentous outgrowth, was observed in laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). 26394861 0 41 theme Microbial 0:8 arg1 dynamics 10:17 Microbial dynamics 0:17 Microbial dynamics 0:17 Microbial dynamics and properties of aerobic granules developed in a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor with an intermediate filamentous bulking stage. 26394861 8 42 theme settling 1045:1052 arg1 structures 1054:1063 better settling structures 1038:1063 better settling structures 1038:1063 By stage 3, the SBRs were selected for larger granules and better settling structures, which included filaments that became enmeshed within the granule, eventually forming structures 2-5 mm in diameter. 26394861 6 43 from compact 810:816 arg1 structure 821:829 structure 821:829 structure 821:829 In stage 1, the granular flocs were compact in structure and typically 0.2 mm in diameter, with excellent settling properties. 26394861 6 43 from compact 810:816 arg1 stage 777:781 stage 1 777:783 stage 1 777:783 In stage 1, the granular flocs were compact in structure and typically 0.2 mm in diameter, with excellent settling properties. 26394861 14 44 theme antimicrobial 2041:2053 arg1 pigment 2055:2061 antimicrobial pigment 2041:2061 antimicrobial pigment 2041:2061 In particular, Janthinobacterium (known denitrifier and producer of antimicrobial pigment) and Auxenochlorella protothecoides (mixotrophic green algae) were predominant during stage 2 bulking. 26394861 10 45 theme extracellular 1335:1347 arg1 EPS 1370:1372 the extracted extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) 1321:1373 the extracted extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) from stage 1 and stage 3 granules 1321:1407 The protein-to-polysaccharide ratio in the extracted extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) from stage 1 and stage 3 granules was higher (2.8 and 5.7, respectively), as compared to stage 2 filamentous bulking (1.5). 26394861 16 46 from predominant 2380:2390 arg1 stage 2395:2399 stage 1 2395:2401 stage 1 2395:2401 Rhodanobacter, known to support complete denitrification, were predominant in stage 1 and stage 3 granules. 26394861 16 46 from predominant 2380:2390 arg1 stage 2407:2411 stage 3 2407:2413 stage 3 2407:2413 Rhodanobacter, known to support complete denitrification, were predominant in stage 1 and stage 3 granules. 26394861 13 47 theme gel 1804:1806 arg1 DGGE 1825:1828 DGGE 1825:1828 DGGE 1825:1828 Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprint results indicated a shift in bacterial community composition during granulation, which was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. 26394861 13 47 theme gel 1804:1806 arg1 electrophoresis 1808:1822 Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis 1784:1822 Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprint results 1784:1849 Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprint results indicated a shift in bacterial community composition during granulation, which was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. 26394861 3 48 theme granules 468:475 arg1 instability 445:455 transient instability 435:455 transient instability 435:455 In this study, transient instability of aerobic granules, associated with filamentous outgrowth, was observed in laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). 26394861 12 49 theme dead 1759:1762 arg1 cells 1764:1768 dead cells 1759:1768 dead cells 1759:1768 During stage 2 bulking, there was a decrease in live cells; dead cells predominated. 26394861 11 50 theme samples 1565:1571 arg1 CLSM 1536:1539 CLSM 1536:1539 CLSM 1536:1539 Confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) imaging of the biomass samples, coupled with molecule-specific fluorescent staining, confirmed that protein was predominant in stage 1 and stage 3 granules. 26394861 11 50 theme samples 1565:1571 arg1 imaging 1542:1548 Confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) imaging 1499:1548 Confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) imaging 1499:1548 Confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) imaging of the biomass samples, coupled with molecule-specific fluorescent staining, confirmed that protein was predominant in stage 1 and stage 3 granules. 26394861 0 51 theme granules 45:52 arg1 properties 23:32 properties 23:32 properties 23:32 Microbial dynamics and properties of aerobic granules developed in a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor with an intermediate filamentous bulking stage. 26394861 0 51 theme granules 45:52 arg1 dynamics 10:17 Microbial dynamics 0:17 Microbial dynamics 0:17 Microbial dynamics and properties of aerobic granules developed in a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor with an intermediate filamentous bulking stage. 26394861 10 52 from stage 1392:1396 arg1 ratio 1312:1316 The protein-to-polysaccharide ratio 1282:1316 The protein-to-polysaccharide ratio in the extracted extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) from stage 1 and stage 3 granules 1282:1407 The protein-to-polysaccharide ratio in the extracted extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) from stage 1 and stage 3 granules was higher (2.8 and 5.7, respectively), as compared to stage 2 filamentous bulking (1.5). 26394861 10 52 from stage 1392:1396 arg1 EPS 1370:1372 the extracted extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) 1321:1373 the extracted extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) from stage 1 and stage 3 granules 1321:1407 The protein-to-polysaccharide ratio in the extracted extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) from stage 1 and stage 3 granules was higher (2.8 and 5.7, respectively), as compared to stage 2 filamentous bulking (1.5). 26394861 10 52 from stage 1392:1396 arg1 higher 1413:1418 higher 1413:1418 higher 1413:1418 The protein-to-polysaccharide ratio in the extracted extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) from stage 1 and stage 3 granules was higher (2.8 and 5.7, respectively), as compared to stage 2 filamentous bulking (1.5). 26394861 17 53 theme protein 2485:2491 arg1 concentrations 2493:2506 high protein concentrations 2480:2506 high protein concentrations in EPS 2480:2513 The relative abundance of Rhodanobacter coincided with high protein concentrations in EPS, suggesting a role in microbial aggregation and granule formation. 26394861 10 54 theme substance 1359:1367 arg1 EPS 1370:1372 the extracted extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) 1321:1373 the extracted extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) from stage 1 and stage 3 granules 1321:1407 The protein-to-polysaccharide ratio in the extracted extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) from stage 1 and stage 3 granules was higher (2.8 and 5.7, respectively), as compared to stage 2 filamentous bulking (1.5). 26394861 3 55 theme filamentous 494:504 arg1 outgrowth 506:514 filamentous outgrowth 494:514 filamentous outgrowth 494:514 In this study, transient instability of aerobic granules, associated with filamentous outgrowth, was observed in laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). 26394861 10 56 dep higher 1413:1418 arg1 5.7 1429:1431 5.7 1429:1431 5.7 1429:1431 The protein-to-polysaccharide ratio in the extracted extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) from stage 1 and stage 3 granules was higher (2.8 and 5.7, respectively), as compared to stage 2 filamentous bulking (1.5). 26394861 10 56 dep higher 1413:1418 arg1 2.8 1421:1423 2.8 1421:1423 2.8 1421:1423 The protein-to-polysaccharide ratio in the extracted extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) from stage 1 and stage 3 granules was higher (2.8 and 5.7, respectively), as compared to stage 2 filamentous bulking (1.5). 26394861 1 57 theme dense 239:243 arg1 structures 245:254 compact and dense structures 227:254 compact and dense structures resulting in efficient settling properties 227:297 Aerobic granules offer enhanced biological nutrient removal and are compact and dense structures resulting in efficient settling properties. 26394861 11 58 theme molecule-specific 1587:1603 arg1 staining 1617:1624 molecule-specific fluorescent staining 1587:1624 molecule-specific fluorescent staining 1587:1624 Confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) imaging of the biomass samples, coupled with molecule-specific fluorescent staining, confirmed that protein was predominant in stage 1 and stage 3 granules. 26394861 3 59 theme laboratory-scale 533:548 arg1 SBRs 577:580 SBRs 577:580 SBRs 577:580 In this study, transient instability of aerobic granules, associated with filamentous outgrowth, was observed in laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). 26394861 3 59 theme laboratory-scale 533:548 arg1 reactors 567:574 laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors 533:574 laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) 533:581 In this study, transient instability of aerobic granules, associated with filamentous outgrowth, was observed in laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). 26394861 2 60 theme drivers 375:381 arg1 understanding 354:366 understanding 354:366 understanding of the drivers of instability 354:396 Granule instability, however, is still a challenge as understanding of the drivers of instability is poorly understood. 26394861 1 61 theme efficient 269:277 arg1 properties 288:297 efficient settling properties 269:297 efficient settling properties 269:297 Aerobic granules offer enhanced biological nutrient removal and are compact and dense structures resulting in efficient settling properties. 26394861 12 62 from decrease 1735:1742 arg1 cells 1752:1756 live cells 1747:1756 live cells 1747:1756 During stage 2 bulking, there was a decrease in live cells; dead cells predominated. 26394861 11 63 theme microscopic 1523:1533 arg1 CLSM 1536:1539 CLSM 1536:1539 CLSM 1536:1539 Confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) imaging of the biomass samples, coupled with molecule-specific fluorescent staining, confirmed that protein was predominant in stage 1 and stage 3 granules. 26394861 11 63 theme microscopic 1523:1533 arg1 imaging 1542:1548 Confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) imaging 1499:1548 Confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) imaging 1499:1548 Confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) imaging of the biomass samples, coupled with molecule-specific fluorescent staining, confirmed that protein was predominant in stage 1 and stage 3 granules. 26394861 15 64 theme stage 2283:2287 arg1 formation 2306:2314 stage 3 stable granule formation 2283:2314 stage 3 stable granule formation 2283:2314 The chitinolytic activity of Chitinophaga is likely antagonistic towards Auxenochlorella and may have contributed to stage 3 stable granule formation. 26394861 17 65 from role 2529:2532 arg1 aggregation 2547:2557 microbial aggregation 2537:2557 microbial aggregation 2537:2557 The relative abundance of Rhodanobacter coincided with high protein concentrations in EPS, suggesting a role in microbial aggregation and granule formation. 26394861 17 65 from role 2529:2532 arg1 formation 2571:2579 granule formation 2563:2579 granule formation 2563:2579 The relative abundance of Rhodanobacter coincided with high protein concentrations in EPS, suggesting a role in microbial aggregation and granule formation. 26394861 11 66 theme laser 1508:1512 arg1 CLSM 1536:1539 CLSM 1536:1539 CLSM 1536:1539 Confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) imaging of the biomass samples, coupled with molecule-specific fluorescent staining, confirmed that protein was predominant in stage 1 and stage 3 granules. 26394861 11 66 theme laser 1508:1512 arg1 imaging 1542:1548 Confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) imaging 1499:1548 Confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) imaging 1499:1548 Confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) imaging of the biomass samples, coupled with molecule-specific fluorescent staining, confirmed that protein was predominant in stage 1 and stage 3 granules. 26394861 3 67 theme batch 561:565 arg1 SBRs 577:580 SBRs 577:580 SBRs 577:580 In this study, transient instability of aerobic granules, associated with filamentous outgrowth, was observed in laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). 26394861 3 67 theme batch 561:565 arg1 reactors 567:574 laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors 533:574 laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) 533:581 In this study, transient instability of aerobic granules, associated with filamentous outgrowth, was observed in laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). 26394861 16 68 from stage 2395:2399 arg1 predominant 2380:2390 predominant 2380:2390 predominant 2380:2390 Rhodanobacter, known to support complete denitrification, were predominant in stage 1 and stage 3 granules. 26394861 1 69 theme enhanced 182:189 arg1 removal 211:217 enhanced biological nutrient removal 182:217 enhanced biological nutrient removal 182:217 Aerobic granules offer enhanced biological nutrient removal and are compact and dense structures resulting in efficient settling properties. 26394861 8 70 theme 2-5 mm 1162:1167 arg1 structures 1151:1160 structures 1151:1160 structures 2-5 mm in diameter 1151:1179 By stage 3, the SBRs were selected for larger granules and better settling structures, which included filaments that became enmeshed within the granule, eventually forming structures 2-5 mm in diameter. 26394861 6 71 theme settling 880:887 arg1 properties 889:898 excellent settling properties 870:898 excellent settling properties 870:898 In stage 1, the granular flocs were compact in structure and typically 0.2 mm in diameter, with excellent settling properties. 26394861 12 72 theme stage 1706:1710 arg1 bulking 1714:1720 stage 2 bulking 1706:1720 stage 2 bulking 1706:1720 During stage 2 bulking, there was a decrease in live cells; dead cells predominated. 26394861 6 73 from diameter 855:862 arg1 0.2 mm 845:850 0.2 mm 845:850 0.2 mm 845:850 In stage 1, the granular flocs were compact in structure and typically 0.2 mm in diameter, with excellent settling properties. 26394861 6 73 from diameter 855:862 arg1 compact 810:816 compact 810:816 compact 810:816 In stage 1, the granular flocs were compact in structure and typically 0.2 mm in diameter, with excellent settling properties. 26394861 6 73 from diameter 855:862 arg1 flocs 799:803 the granular flocs 786:803 the granular flocs 786:803 In stage 1, the granular flocs were compact in structure and typically 0.2 mm in diameter, with excellent settling properties. 26394861 9 74 theme sludge 1207:1212 arg1 index 1221:1225 sludge volume index 1207:1225 sludge volume index 1207:1225 Corresponding changes in sludge volume index were observed that reflected changes in settleability. 26394861 1 75 theme nutrient 202:209 arg1 removal 211:217 enhanced biological nutrient removal 182:217 enhanced biological nutrient removal 182:217 Aerobic granules offer enhanced biological nutrient removal and are compact and dense structures resulting in efficient settling properties. 26394861 17 76 theme Rhodanobacter 2451:2463 arg1 abundance 2438:2446 The relative abundance 2425:2446 The relative abundance of Rhodanobacter 2425:2463 The relative abundance of Rhodanobacter coincided with high protein concentrations in EPS, suggesting a role in microbial aggregation and granule formation. 26394861 14 77 theme stage 2149:2153 arg1 bulking 2157:2163 stage 2 bulking 2149:2163 stage 2 bulking 2149:2163 In particular, Janthinobacterium (known denitrifier and producer of antimicrobial pigment) and Auxenochlorella protothecoides (mixotrophic green algae) were predominant during stage 2 bulking. 26394861 9 78 theme volume 1214:1219 arg1 index 1221:1225 sludge volume index 1207:1225 sludge volume index 1207:1225 Corresponding changes in sludge volume index were observed that reflected changes in settleability. 26394861 0 79 theme filamentous 132:142 arg1 stage 152:156 an intermediate filamentous bulking stage 116:156 an intermediate filamentous bulking stage 116:156 Microbial dynamics and properties of aerobic granules developed in a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor with an intermediate filamentous bulking stage. 26394861 14 80 dep Janthinobacterium 1988:2004 arg1 producer 2029:2036 producer 2029:2036 producer 2029:2036 In particular, Janthinobacterium (known denitrifier and producer of antimicrobial pigment) and Auxenochlorella protothecoides (mixotrophic green algae) were predominant during stage 2 bulking. 26394861 14 80 dep Janthinobacterium 1988:2004 arg1 denitrifier 2013:2023 known denitrifier 2007:2023 known denitrifier 2007:2023 In particular, Janthinobacterium (known denitrifier and producer of antimicrobial pigment) and Auxenochlorella protothecoides (mixotrophic green algae) were predominant during stage 2 bulking. 26394861 13 81 theme rRNA 1951:1954 arg1 sequencing 1961:1970 rRNA gene sequencing 1951:1970 rRNA gene sequencing 1951:1970 Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprint results indicated a shift in bacterial community composition during granulation, which was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. 26394861 4 82 theme granules 644:651 arg1 formation 624:632 the formation 620:632 the formation of stable granules 620:651 The transient phase was followed by the formation of stable granules. 26394861 5 83 theme granular 726:733 arg1 flocs 735:739 granular flocs 726:739 granular flocs 726:739 Loosely bound, dispersed, and pinpoint seed flocs gradually turned into granular flocs within 60 days of SBR operation. 26394861 1 84 theme compact 227:233 arg1 structures 245:254 compact and dense structures 227:254 compact and dense structures resulting in efficient settling properties 227:297 Aerobic granules offer enhanced biological nutrient removal and are compact and dense structures resulting in efficient settling properties. 26394861 6 85 from 0.2 mm 845:850 arg1 diameter 855:862 diameter 855:862 diameter 855:862 In stage 1, the granular flocs were compact in structure and typically 0.2 mm in diameter, with excellent settling properties. 26394861 14 86 from predominant 2130:2140 arg1 particular 1976:1985 particular 1976:1985 particular 1976:1985 In particular, Janthinobacterium (known denitrifier and producer of antimicrobial pigment) and Auxenochlorella protothecoides (mixotrophic green algae) were predominant during stage 2 bulking. 26394861 10 87 from ratio 1312:1316 arg1 EPS 1370:1372 the extracted extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) 1321:1373 the extracted extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) from stage 1 and stage 3 granules 1321:1407 The protein-to-polysaccharide ratio in the extracted extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) from stage 1 and stage 3 granules was higher (2.8 and 5.7, respectively), as compared to stage 2 filamentous bulking (1.5). 26394861 10 87 from ratio 1312:1316 arg1 stage 1380:1384 stage 1 1380:1386 stage 1 1380:1386 The protein-to-polysaccharide ratio in the extracted extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) from stage 1 and stage 3 granules was higher (2.8 and 5.7, respectively), as compared to stage 2 filamentous bulking (1.5). 26394861 10 87 from ratio 1312:1316 arg1 stage 1392:1396 stage 3 1392:1398 stage 3 1392:1398 The protein-to-polysaccharide ratio in the extracted extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) from stage 1 and stage 3 granules was higher (2.8 and 5.7, respectively), as compared to stage 2 filamentous bulking (1.5). 26394861 3 88 located observed 521:528 arg1 SBRs 577:580 SBRs 577:580 SBRs 577:580 In this study, transient instability of aerobic granules, associated with filamentous outgrowth, was observed in laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). 26394861 3 88 located observed 521:528 arg1 study 428:432 this study 423:432 this study 423:432 In this study, transient instability of aerobic granules, associated with filamentous outgrowth, was observed in laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). 26394861 3 88 located observed 521:528 arg1 reactors 567:574 laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors 533:574 laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) 533:581 In this study, transient instability of aerobic granules, associated with filamentous outgrowth, was observed in laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). 26394861 3 88 located observed 521:528 arg2 instability 445:455 transient instability 435:455 transient instability 435:455 In this study, transient instability of aerobic granules, associated with filamentous outgrowth, was observed in laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). 26394861 14 89 attach predominant 2130:2140 arg2 Janthinobacterium 1988:2004 Janthinobacterium 1988:2004 Janthinobacterium (known denitrifier and producer of antimicrobial pigment) 1988:2062 In particular, Janthinobacterium (known denitrifier and producer of antimicrobial pigment) and Auxenochlorella protothecoides (mixotrophic green algae) were predominant during stage 2 bulking. 26394861 14 89 attach predominant 2130:2140 arg1 particular 1976:1985 particular 1976:1985 particular 1976:1985 In particular, Janthinobacterium (known denitrifier and producer of antimicrobial pigment) and Auxenochlorella protothecoides (mixotrophic green algae) were predominant during stage 2 bulking. 26394861 14 89 attach predominant 2130:2140 arg2 protothecoides 2084:2097 Auxenochlorella protothecoides 2068:2097 Auxenochlorella protothecoides (mixotrophic green algae) 2068:2123 In particular, Janthinobacterium (known denitrifier and producer of antimicrobial pigment) and Auxenochlorella protothecoides (mixotrophic green algae) were predominant during stage 2 bulking. 26394861 14 89 attach predominant 2130:2140 arg2 algae 2118:2122 mixotrophic green algae 2100:2122 mixotrophic green algae 2100:2122 In particular, Janthinobacterium (known denitrifier and producer of antimicrobial pigment) and Auxenochlorella protothecoides (mixotrophic green algae) were predominant during stage 2 bulking. 26394861 13 90 theme bacterial 1872:1880 arg1 composition 1892:1902 bacterial community composition 1872:1902 bacterial community composition 1872:1902 Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprint results indicated a shift in bacterial community composition during granulation, which was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. 26394861 5 91 theme operation 763:771 arg1 60 days 748:754 60 days 748:754 60 days of SBR operation 748:771 Loosely bound, dispersed, and pinpoint seed flocs gradually turned into granular flocs within 60 days of SBR operation. 26394861 15 92 theme chitinolytic 2170:2181 arg1 antagonistic 2218:2229 antagonistic 2218:2229 antagonistic 2218:2229 The chitinolytic activity of Chitinophaga is likely antagonistic towards Auxenochlorella and may have contributed to stage 3 stable granule formation. 26394861 15 92 theme chitinolytic 2170:2181 arg1 activity 2183:2190 The chitinolytic activity 2166:2190 The chitinolytic activity of Chitinophaga 2166:2206 The chitinolytic activity of Chitinophaga is likely antagonistic towards Auxenochlorella and may have contributed to stage 3 stable granule formation. 26394861 15 93 theme granule 2298:2304 arg1 formation 2306:2314 stage 3 stable granule formation 2283:2314 stage 3 stable granule formation 2283:2314 The chitinolytic activity of Chitinophaga is likely antagonistic towards Auxenochlorella and may have contributed to stage 3 stable granule formation. 26394861 9 94 from changes 1196:1202 arg1 index 1221:1225 sludge volume index 1207:1225 sludge volume index 1207:1225 Corresponding changes in sludge volume index were observed that reflected changes in settleability. 26394861 13 95 theme fingerprint 1831:1841 arg1 results 1843:1849 Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprint results 1784:1849 Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprint results 1784:1849 Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprint results indicated a shift in bacterial community composition during granulation, which was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. 26394861 0 96 theme sequencing 86:95 arg1 reactor 103:109 a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor 67:109 a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor with an intermediate filamentous bulking stage 67:156 Microbial dynamics and properties of aerobic granules developed in a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor with an intermediate filamentous bulking stage. 26394861 14 97 theme mixotrophic 2100:2110 arg1 algae 2118:2122 mixotrophic green algae 2100:2122 mixotrophic green algae 2100:2122 In particular, Janthinobacterium (known denitrifier and producer of antimicrobial pigment) and Auxenochlorella protothecoides (mixotrophic green algae) were predominant during stage 2 bulking. 26394861 14 97 theme mixotrophic 2100:2110 arg1 protothecoides 2084:2097 Auxenochlorella protothecoides 2068:2097 Auxenochlorella protothecoides (mixotrophic green algae) 2068:2123 In particular, Janthinobacterium (known denitrifier and producer of antimicrobial pigment) and Auxenochlorella protothecoides (mixotrophic green algae) were predominant during stage 2 bulking. 26394861 17 98 from concentrations 2493:2506 arg1 EPS 2511:2513 EPS 2511:2513 EPS 2511:2513 The relative abundance of Rhodanobacter coincided with high protein concentrations in EPS, suggesting a role in microbial aggregation and granule formation. 26394861 11 99 from stage 1669:1673 arg1 predominant 1654:1664 predominant 1654:1664 predominant 1654:1664 Confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) imaging of the biomass samples, coupled with molecule-specific fluorescent staining, confirmed that protein was predominant in stage 1 and stage 3 granules. 26394861 13 100 theme electrophoresis 1808:1822 arg1 results 1843:1849 Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprint results 1784:1849 Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprint results 1784:1849 Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprint results indicated a shift in bacterial community composition during granulation, which was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. 26394861 8 101 theme better 1038:1043 arg1 structures 1054:1063 better settling structures 1038:1063 better settling structures 1038:1063 By stage 3, the SBRs were selected for larger granules and better settling structures, which included filaments that became enmeshed within the granule, eventually forming structures 2-5 mm in diameter. 26394861 14 102 from particular 1976:1985 arg1 predominant 2130:2140 predominant 2130:2140 predominant 2130:2140 In particular, Janthinobacterium (known denitrifier and producer of antimicrobial pigment) and Auxenochlorella protothecoides (mixotrophic green algae) were predominant during stage 2 bulking. 26394861 17 103 theme granule 2563:2569 arg1 formation 2571:2579 granule formation 2563:2579 granule formation 2563:2579 The relative abundance of Rhodanobacter coincided with high protein concentrations in EPS, suggesting a role in microbial aggregation and granule formation. 26394861 10 104 theme protein-to-polysaccharide 1286:1310 arg1 ratio 1312:1316 The protein-to-polysaccharide ratio 1282:1316 The protein-to-polysaccharide ratio in the extracted extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) from stage 1 and stage 3 granules 1282:1407 The protein-to-polysaccharide ratio in the extracted extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) from stage 1 and stage 3 granules was higher (2.8 and 5.7, respectively), as compared to stage 2 filamentous bulking (1.5). 26394861 10 104 theme protein-to-polysaccharide 1286:1310 arg1 higher 1413:1418 higher 1413:1418 higher 1413:1418 The protein-to-polysaccharide ratio in the extracted extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) from stage 1 and stage 3 granules was higher (2.8 and 5.7, respectively), as compared to stage 2 filamentous bulking (1.5). 26394861 3 105 theme aerobic 460:466 arg1 granules 468:475 aerobic granules 460:475 aerobic granules 460:475 In this study, transient instability of aerobic granules, associated with filamentous outgrowth, was observed in laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). 26394861 14 106 theme pigment 2055:2061 arg1 producer 2029:2036 producer 2029:2036 producer 2029:2036 In particular, Janthinobacterium (known denitrifier and producer of antimicrobial pigment) and Auxenochlorella protothecoides (mixotrophic green algae) were predominant during stage 2 bulking. 26394861 14 106 theme pigment 2055:2061 arg1 denitrifier 2013:2023 known denitrifier 2007:2023 known denitrifier 2007:2023 In particular, Janthinobacterium (known denitrifier and producer of antimicrobial pigment) and Auxenochlorella protothecoides (mixotrophic green algae) were predominant during stage 2 bulking. 26394861 2 107 dep challenge 341:349 arg1 understood 408:417 understood 408:417 is poorly understood 398:417 Granule instability, however, is still a challenge as understanding of the drivers of instability is poorly understood. 26394861 10 108 theme polymeric 1349:1357 arg1 EPS 1370:1372 the extracted extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) 1321:1373 the extracted extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) from stage 1 and stage 3 granules 1321:1407 The protein-to-polysaccharide ratio in the extracted extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) from stage 1 and stage 3 granules was higher (2.8 and 5.7, respectively), as compared to stage 2 filamentous bulking (1.5). 26394861 13 109 from shift 1863:1867 arg1 composition 1892:1902 bacterial community composition 1872:1902 bacterial community composition 1872:1902 Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprint results indicated a shift in bacterial community composition during granulation, which was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. 26394861 10 110 from stage 1380:1384 arg1 ratio 1312:1316 The protein-to-polysaccharide ratio 1282:1316 The protein-to-polysaccharide ratio in the extracted extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) from stage 1 and stage 3 granules 1282:1407 The protein-to-polysaccharide ratio in the extracted extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) from stage 1 and stage 3 granules was higher (2.8 and 5.7, respectively), as compared to stage 2 filamentous bulking (1.5). 26394861 10 110 from stage 1380:1384 arg1 EPS 1370:1372 the extracted extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) 1321:1373 the extracted extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) from stage 1 and stage 3 granules 1321:1407 The protein-to-polysaccharide ratio in the extracted extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) from stage 1 and stage 3 granules was higher (2.8 and 5.7, respectively), as compared to stage 2 filamentous bulking (1.5). 26394861 10 110 from stage 1380:1384 arg1 higher 1413:1418 higher 1413:1418 higher 1413:1418 The protein-to-polysaccharide ratio in the extracted extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) from stage 1 and stage 3 granules was higher (2.8 and 5.7, respectively), as compared to stage 2 filamentous bulking (1.5). 26394861 11 111 from predominant 1654:1664 arg1 stage 1669:1673 stage 1 1669:1675 stage 1 1669:1675 Confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) imaging of the biomass samples, coupled with molecule-specific fluorescent staining, confirmed that protein was predominant in stage 1 and stage 3 granules. 26394861 11 111 from predominant 1654:1664 arg1 stage 1681:1685 stage 3 1681:1687 stage 3 1681:1687 Confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) imaging of the biomass samples, coupled with molecule-specific fluorescent staining, confirmed that protein was predominant in stage 1 and stage 3 granules. 26394861 4 112 theme transient 588:596 arg1 phase 598:602 The transient phase 584:602 The transient phase 584:602 The transient phase was followed by the formation of stable granules. 26394861 10 113 theme filamentous 1472:1482 arg1 bulking 1484:1490 stage 2 filamentous bulking (1.5) 1464:1496 stage 2 filamentous bulking (1.5) 1464:1496 The protein-to-polysaccharide ratio in the extracted extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) from stage 1 and stage 3 granules was higher (2.8 and 5.7, respectively), as compared to stage 2 filamentous bulking (1.5). 26394861 17 114 theme high 2480:2483 arg1 concentrations 2493:2506 high protein concentrations 2480:2506 high protein concentrations in EPS 2480:2513 The relative abundance of Rhodanobacter coincided with high protein concentrations in EPS, suggesting a role in microbial aggregation and granule formation. 26394861 10 115 theme extracted 1325:1333 arg1 EPS 1370:1372 the extracted extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) 1321:1373 the extracted extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) from stage 1 and stage 3 granules 1321:1407 The protein-to-polysaccharide ratio in the extracted extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) from stage 1 and stage 3 granules was higher (2.8 and 5.7, respectively), as compared to stage 2 filamentous bulking (1.5). 26394861 2 116 theme instability 386:396 arg1 drivers 375:381 the drivers 371:381 the drivers of instability 371:396 Granule instability, however, is still a challenge as understanding of the drivers of instability is poorly understood. 26394861 0 117 theme aerobic 37:43 arg1 granules 45:52 aerobic granules 37:52 aerobic granules 37:52 Microbial dynamics and properties of aerobic granules developed in a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor with an intermediate filamentous bulking stage. 26394861 6 118 with 0.2 mm 845:850 arg1 properties 889:898 excellent settling properties 870:898 excellent settling properties 870:898 In stage 1, the granular flocs were compact in structure and typically 0.2 mm in diameter, with excellent settling properties. 26394861 10 119 theme stage 1464:1468 arg1 bulking 1484:1490 stage 2 filamentous bulking (1.5) 1464:1496 stage 2 filamentous bulking (1.5) 1464:1496 The protein-to-polysaccharide ratio in the extracted extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) from stage 1 and stage 3 granules was higher (2.8 and 5.7, respectively), as compared to stage 2 filamentous bulking (1.5). 26394861 11 120 theme biomass 1557:1563 arg1 samples 1565:1571 the biomass samples 1553:1571 the biomass samples 1553:1571 Confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) imaging of the biomass samples, coupled with molecule-specific fluorescent staining, confirmed that protein was predominant in stage 1 and stage 3 granules. 26394861 14 121 theme known 2007:2011 arg1 denitrifier 2013:2023 known denitrifier 2007:2023 known denitrifier 2007:2023 In particular, Janthinobacterium (known denitrifier and producer of antimicrobial pigment) and Auxenochlorella protothecoides (mixotrophic green algae) were predominant during stage 2 bulking. 26394861 11 122 attach predominant 1654:1664 arg2 protein 1642:1648 protein 1642:1648 protein 1642:1648 Confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) imaging of the biomass samples, coupled with molecule-specific fluorescent staining, confirmed that protein was predominant in stage 1 and stage 3 granules. 26394861 11 122 attach predominant 1654:1664 arg1 stage 1669:1673 stage 1 1669:1675 stage 1 1669:1675 Confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) imaging of the biomass samples, coupled with molecule-specific fluorescent staining, confirmed that protein was predominant in stage 1 and stage 3 granules. 26394861 11 122 attach predominant 1654:1664 arg1 stage 1681:1685 stage 3 1681:1687 stage 3 1681:1687 Confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) imaging of the biomass samples, coupled with molecule-specific fluorescent staining, confirmed that protein was predominant in stage 1 and stage 3 granules. 26394861 8 123 from 2-5 mm 1162:1167 arg1 diameter 1172:1179 diameter 1172:1179 diameter 1172:1179 By stage 3, the SBRs were selected for larger granules and better settling structures, which included filaments that became enmeshed within the granule, eventually forming structures 2-5 mm in diameter. 26394861 16 124 theme complete 2349:2356 arg1 denitrification 2358:2372 complete denitrification 2349:2372 complete denitrification 2349:2372 Rhodanobacter, known to support complete denitrification, were predominant in stage 1 and stage 3 granules. 26394861 6 125 from stage 777:781 arg1 0.2 mm 845:850 0.2 mm 845:850 0.2 mm 845:850 In stage 1, the granular flocs were compact in structure and typically 0.2 mm in diameter, with excellent settling properties. 26394861 6 125 from stage 777:781 arg1 compact 810:816 compact 810:816 compact 810:816 In stage 1, the granular flocs were compact in structure and typically 0.2 mm in diameter, with excellent settling properties. 26394861 6 125 from stage 777:781 arg1 flocs 799:803 the granular flocs 786:803 the granular flocs 786:803 In stage 1, the granular flocs were compact in structure and typically 0.2 mm in diameter, with excellent settling properties. 26394861 11 126 dep stage 1669:1673 arg1 granules 1689:1696 granules 1689:1696 granules 1689:1696 Confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) imaging of the biomass samples, coupled with molecule-specific fluorescent staining, confirmed that protein was predominant in stage 1 and stage 3 granules. 26394861 4 127 theme stable 637:642 arg1 granules 644:651 stable granules 637:651 stable granules 637:651 The transient phase was followed by the formation of stable granules. 26394861 13 128 theme gene 1956:1959 arg1 sequencing 1961:1970 rRNA gene sequencing 1951:1970 rRNA gene sequencing 1951:1970 Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprint results indicated a shift in bacterial community composition during granulation, which was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. 26394861 3 129 theme sequencing 550:559 arg1 SBRs 577:580 SBRs 577:580 SBRs 577:580 In this study, transient instability of aerobic granules, associated with filamentous outgrowth, was observed in laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). 26394861 3 129 theme sequencing 550:559 arg1 reactors 567:574 laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors 533:574 laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) 533:581 In this study, transient instability of aerobic granules, associated with filamentous outgrowth, was observed in laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). 25492016 6 0 from release 895:901 arg1 h 908:908 5 h 906:908 5 h 906:908 Docetaxel was released from PLA/chitosan nanoparticles with 40% initial burst release in 5 h and 70% cumulative release within 24 h, while from PLA nanoparticles 65% of docetaxel was released in 5h. 25492016 1 1 theme surgical 287:294 arg1 treatment 296:304 surgical treatment 287:304 surgical treatment 287:304 Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a kind of non-toxic biological materials with excellent absorbability, biocompatibility and biodegradability, which can be used for drug release, tissue engineering and surgical treatment applications. 25492016 6 2 theme PLA/chitosan 845:856 arg1 nanoparticles 858:870 PLA/chitosan nanoparticles 845:870 PLA/chitosan nanoparticles with 40% initial burst release in 5 h and 70% cumulative release 845:935 Docetaxel was released from PLA/chitosan nanoparticles with 40% initial burst release in 5 h and 70% cumulative release within 24 h, while from PLA nanoparticles 65% of docetaxel was released in 5h. 25492016 5 3 theme large 738:742 arg1 charge-ability 752:765 Their large surface charge-ability 732:765 Their large surface charge-ability 732:765 Their large surface charge-ability was confirmed by zeta potential value of 53.9 mV. 25492016 1 4 theme treatment 296:304 arg1 applications 306:317 drug release, tissue engineering and surgical treatment applications 250:317 drug release, tissue engineering and surgical treatment applications 250:317 Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a kind of non-toxic biological materials with excellent absorbability, biocompatibility and biodegradability, which can be used for drug release, tissue engineering and surgical treatment applications. 25492016 3 5 theme particle 480:487 arg1 size 489:492 particle size 480:492 particle size 480:492 The morphology, particle size, zeta potential and composition of the PLA/chitosan were characterized by SEM, DLS, FTIR and XPS. 25492016 0 6 theme drug 85:88 arg1 release 63:69 controlled release 52:69 controlled release of anticancer drug 52:88 Poly(lactic acid)/chitosan hybrid nanoparticles for controlled release of anticancer drug. 25492016 6 7 theme % 879:879 arg1 release 895:901 40% initial burst release 877:901 40% initial burst release in 5 h 877:908 Docetaxel was released from PLA/chitosan nanoparticles with 40% initial burst release in 5 h and 70% cumulative release within 24 h, while from PLA nanoparticles 65% of docetaxel was released in 5h. 25492016 7 8 theme release 1030:1036 arg1 study 1038:1042 In vitro drug release study 1016:1042 In vitro drug release study 1016:1042 In vitro drug release study demonstrated that PLA/chitosan nanoparticles prolonged drug release and decreased the burst release over the unmodified PLA nanoparticles. 25492016 7 9 theme unmodified 1153:1162 arg1 nanoparticles 1168:1180 the unmodified PLA nanoparticles 1149:1180 the unmodified PLA nanoparticles 1149:1180 In vitro drug release study demonstrated that PLA/chitosan nanoparticles prolonged drug release and decreased the burst release over the unmodified PLA nanoparticles. 25492016 6 10 with nanoparticles 858:870 arg1 release 895:901 40% initial burst release 877:901 40% initial burst release in 5 h 877:908 Docetaxel was released from PLA/chitosan nanoparticles with 40% initial burst release in 5 h and 70% cumulative release within 24 h, while from PLA nanoparticles 65% of docetaxel was released in 5h. 25492016 6 10 with nanoparticles 858:870 arg1 release 929:935 70% cumulative release 914:935 70% cumulative release 914:935 Docetaxel was released from PLA/chitosan nanoparticles with 40% initial burst release in 5 h and 70% cumulative release within 24 h, while from PLA nanoparticles 65% of docetaxel was released in 5h. 25492016 0 11 theme anticancer 74:83 arg1 drug 85:88 anticancer drug 74:88 anticancer drug 74:88 Poly(lactic acid)/chitosan hybrid nanoparticles for controlled release of anticancer drug. 25492016 6 12 theme 40 877:878 arg1 % 879:879 % 879:879 % 879:879 Docetaxel was released from PLA/chitosan nanoparticles with 40% initial burst release in 5 h and 70% cumulative release within 24 h, while from PLA nanoparticles 65% of docetaxel was released in 5h. 25492016 4 13 theme 0.098 725:729 arg1 index 716:720 polydispersity index 701:720 polydispersity index of 0.098 701:729 As-prepared PLA/chitosan particles exhibited average size of 250 nm and showed very narrow distribution with polydispersity index of 0.098. 25492016 7 14 theme burst 1130:1134 arg1 release 1136:1142 the burst release 1126:1142 the burst release 1126:1142 In vitro drug release study demonstrated that PLA/chitosan nanoparticles prolonged drug release and decreased the burst release over the unmodified PLA nanoparticles. 25492016 4 15 theme polydispersity 701:714 arg1 index 716:720 polydispersity index 701:720 polydispersity index of 0.098 701:729 As-prepared PLA/chitosan particles exhibited average size of 250 nm and showed very narrow distribution with polydispersity index of 0.098. 25492016 3 16 theme zeta 495:498 arg1 potential 500:508 zeta potential 495:508 zeta potential 495:508 The morphology, particle size, zeta potential and composition of the PLA/chitosan were characterized by SEM, DLS, FTIR and XPS. 25492016 2 17 theme chitosan 347:354 arg1 nanoparticles 369:381 chitosan modified PLA nanoparticles 347:381 chitosan modified PLA nanoparticles as carriers for encapsulation of docetaxel by anti-solvent precipitation method 347:461 In this study, we prepared chitosan modified PLA nanoparticles as carriers for encapsulation of docetaxel by anti-solvent precipitation method. 25492016 0 18 theme hybrid 27:32 arg1 nanoparticles 34:46 hybrid nanoparticles 27:46 hybrid nanoparticles 27:46 Poly(lactic acid)/chitosan hybrid nanoparticles for controlled release of anticancer drug. 25492016 1 19 used used 241:244 arg2 Poly 91:94 Poly 91:94 Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) 91:113 Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a kind of non-toxic biological materials with excellent absorbability, biocompatibility and biodegradability, which can be used for drug release, tissue engineering and surgical treatment applications. 25492016 1 19 used used 241:244 arg2 kind 120:123 a kind 118:123 a kind 118:123 Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a kind of non-toxic biological materials with excellent absorbability, biocompatibility and biodegradability, which can be used for drug release, tissue engineering and surgical treatment applications. 25492016 5 20 theme surface 744:750 arg1 charge-ability 752:765 Their large surface charge-ability 732:765 Their large surface charge-ability 732:765 Their large surface charge-ability was confirmed by zeta potential value of 53.9 mV. 25492016 6 21 attach released 1000:1007 arg2 docetaxel 986:994 docetaxel 986:994 docetaxel 986:994 Docetaxel was released from PLA/chitosan nanoparticles with 40% initial burst release in 5 h and 70% cumulative release within 24 h, while from PLA nanoparticles 65% of docetaxel was released in 5h. 25492016 6 21 attach released 1000:1007 arg2 % 981:981 65% 979:981 65% of docetaxel 979:994 Docetaxel was released from PLA/chitosan nanoparticles with 40% initial burst release in 5 h and 70% cumulative release within 24 h, while from PLA nanoparticles 65% of docetaxel was released in 5h. 25492016 6 21 attach released 1000:1007 arg1 nanoparticles 965:977 PLA nanoparticles 961:977 PLA nanoparticles 961:977 Docetaxel was released from PLA/chitosan nanoparticles with 40% initial burst release in 5 h and 70% cumulative release within 24 h, while from PLA nanoparticles 65% of docetaxel was released in 5h. 25492016 7 22 theme PLA 1164:1166 arg1 nanoparticles 1168:1180 the unmodified PLA nanoparticles 1149:1180 the unmodified PLA nanoparticles 1149:1180 In vitro drug release study demonstrated that PLA/chitosan nanoparticles prolonged drug release and decreased the burst release over the unmodified PLA nanoparticles. 25492016 3 23 theme PLA/chitosan 533:544 arg1 composition 514:524 composition 514:524 composition 514:524 The morphology, particle size, zeta potential and composition of the PLA/chitosan were characterized by SEM, DLS, FTIR and XPS. 25492016 3 23 theme PLA/chitosan 533:544 arg1 morphology 468:477 The morphology 464:477 The morphology 464:477 The morphology, particle size, zeta potential and composition of the PLA/chitosan were characterized by SEM, DLS, FTIR and XPS. 25492016 3 23 theme PLA/chitosan 533:544 arg1 size 489:492 particle size 480:492 particle size 480:492 The morphology, particle size, zeta potential and composition of the PLA/chitosan were characterized by SEM, DLS, FTIR and XPS. 25492016 3 23 theme PLA/chitosan 533:544 arg1 potential 500:508 zeta potential 495:508 zeta potential 495:508 The morphology, particle size, zeta potential and composition of the PLA/chitosan were characterized by SEM, DLS, FTIR and XPS. 25492016 8 24 theme high 1209:1212 arg1 potential 1214:1222 high potential 1209:1222 high potential of chitosan modified PLA nanoparticles for usage 1209:1271 These results illustrated high potential of chitosan modified PLA nanoparticles for usage as anticancer drug carriers. 25492016 8 24 theme high 1209:1212 arg1 carriers 1292:1299 anticancer drug carriers 1276:1299 anticancer drug carriers 1276:1299 These results illustrated high potential of chitosan modified PLA nanoparticles for usage as anticancer drug carriers. 25492016 5 25 theme zeta 784:787 arg1 value 799:803 zeta potential value 784:803 zeta potential value of 53.9 mV 784:814 Their large surface charge-ability was confirmed by zeta potential value of 53.9 mV. 25492016 7 26 theme drug 1099:1102 arg1 release 1104:1110 drug release 1099:1110 drug release 1099:1110 In vitro drug release study demonstrated that PLA/chitosan nanoparticles prolonged drug release and decreased the burst release over the unmodified PLA nanoparticles. 25492016 7 27 theme In 1016:1017 arg1 release 1030:1036 In vitro drug release 1016:1036 In vitro drug release study 1016:1042 In vitro drug release study demonstrated that PLA/chitosan nanoparticles prolonged drug release and decreased the burst release over the unmodified PLA nanoparticles. 25492016 6 28 theme 70 914:915 arg1 % 916:916 % 916:916 % 916:916 Docetaxel was released from PLA/chitosan nanoparticles with 40% initial burst release in 5 h and 70% cumulative release within 24 h, while from PLA nanoparticles 65% of docetaxel was released in 5h. 25492016 1 29 theme non-toxic 128:136 arg1 materials 149:157 non-toxic biological materials 128:157 non-toxic biological materials with excellent absorbability, biocompatibility and biodegradability 128:225 Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a kind of non-toxic biological materials with excellent absorbability, biocompatibility and biodegradability, which can be used for drug release, tissue engineering and surgical treatment applications. 25492016 5 30 theme mV 813:814 arg1 value 799:803 zeta potential value 784:803 zeta potential value of 53.9 mV 784:814 Their large surface charge-ability was confirmed by zeta potential value of 53.9 mV. 25492016 6 31 theme cumulative 918:927 arg1 release 929:935 70% cumulative release 914:935 70% cumulative release 914:935 Docetaxel was released from PLA/chitosan nanoparticles with 40% initial burst release in 5 h and 70% cumulative release within 24 h, while from PLA nanoparticles 65% of docetaxel was released in 5h. 25492016 8 32 theme drug 1287:1290 arg1 potential 1214:1222 high potential 1209:1222 high potential of chitosan modified PLA nanoparticles for usage 1209:1271 These results illustrated high potential of chitosan modified PLA nanoparticles for usage as anticancer drug carriers. 25492016 8 32 theme drug 1287:1290 arg1 carriers 1292:1299 anticancer drug carriers 1276:1299 anticancer drug carriers 1276:1299 These results illustrated high potential of chitosan modified PLA nanoparticles for usage as anticancer drug carriers. 25492016 1 33 theme biological 138:147 arg1 materials 149:157 non-toxic biological materials 128:157 non-toxic biological materials with excellent absorbability, biocompatibility and biodegradability 128:225 Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a kind of non-toxic biological materials with excellent absorbability, biocompatibility and biodegradability, which can be used for drug release, tissue engineering and surgical treatment applications. 25492016 0 34 theme lactic 5:10 arg1 Poly 0:3 Poly 0:3 Poly(lactic acid) 0:16 Poly(lactic acid)/chitosan hybrid nanoparticles for controlled release of anticancer drug. 25492016 0 34 theme lactic 5:10 arg1 acid 12:15 lactic acid 5:15 lactic acid 5:15 Poly(lactic acid)/chitosan hybrid nanoparticles for controlled release of anticancer drug. 25492016 6 35 theme % 916:916 arg1 release 929:935 70% cumulative release 914:935 70% cumulative release 914:935 Docetaxel was released from PLA/chitosan nanoparticles with 40% initial burst release in 5 h and 70% cumulative release within 24 h, while from PLA nanoparticles 65% of docetaxel was released in 5h. 25492016 4 36 theme nm 657:658 arg1 size 645:648 average size 637:648 average size of 250 nm 637:658 As-prepared PLA/chitosan particles exhibited average size of 250 nm and showed very narrow distribution with polydispersity index of 0.098. 25492016 6 37 theme burst 889:893 arg1 release 895:901 40% initial burst release 877:901 40% initial burst release in 5 h 877:908 Docetaxel was released from PLA/chitosan nanoparticles with 40% initial burst release in 5 h and 70% cumulative release within 24 h, while from PLA nanoparticles 65% of docetaxel was released in 5h. 25492016 1 38 theme materials 149:157 arg1 kind 120:123 a kind 118:123 a kind 118:123 Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a kind of non-toxic biological materials with excellent absorbability, biocompatibility and biodegradability, which can be used for drug release, tissue engineering and surgical treatment applications. 25492016 1 38 theme materials 149:157 arg1 Poly 91:94 Poly 91:94 Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) 91:113 Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a kind of non-toxic biological materials with excellent absorbability, biocompatibility and biodegradability, which can be used for drug release, tissue engineering and surgical treatment applications. 25492016 2 39 theme precipitation 442:454 arg1 method 456:461 anti-solvent precipitation method 429:461 anti-solvent precipitation method 429:461 In this study, we prepared chitosan modified PLA nanoparticles as carriers for encapsulation of docetaxel by anti-solvent precipitation method. 25492016 1 40 theme drug 250:253 arg1 release 255:261 drug release 250:261 drug release 250:261 Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a kind of non-toxic biological materials with excellent absorbability, biocompatibility and biodegradability, which can be used for drug release, tissue engineering and surgical treatment applications. 25492016 6 41 from release 929:935 arg1 h 908:908 5 h 906:908 5 h 906:908 Docetaxel was released from PLA/chitosan nanoparticles with 40% initial burst release in 5 h and 70% cumulative release within 24 h, while from PLA nanoparticles 65% of docetaxel was released in 5h. 25492016 4 42 theme PLA/chitosan 604:615 arg1 particles 617:625 As-prepared PLA/chitosan particles 592:625 As-prepared PLA/chitosan particles 592:625 As-prepared PLA/chitosan particles exhibited average size of 250 nm and showed very narrow distribution with polydispersity index of 0.098. 25492016 4 43 theme As-prepared 592:602 arg1 particles 617:625 As-prepared PLA/chitosan particles 592:625 As-prepared PLA/chitosan particles 592:625 As-prepared PLA/chitosan particles exhibited average size of 250 nm and showed very narrow distribution with polydispersity index of 0.098. 25492016 4 44 theme average 637:643 arg1 size 645:648 average size 637:648 average size of 250 nm 637:658 As-prepared PLA/chitosan particles exhibited average size of 250 nm and showed very narrow distribution with polydispersity index of 0.098. 25492016 2 45 theme PLA 365:367 arg1 nanoparticles 369:381 chitosan modified PLA nanoparticles 347:381 chitosan modified PLA nanoparticles as carriers for encapsulation of docetaxel by anti-solvent precipitation method 347:461 In this study, we prepared chitosan modified PLA nanoparticles as carriers for encapsulation of docetaxel by anti-solvent precipitation method. 25492016 2 46 theme anti-solvent 429:440 arg1 method 456:461 anti-solvent precipitation method 429:461 anti-solvent precipitation method 429:461 In this study, we prepared chitosan modified PLA nanoparticles as carriers for encapsulation of docetaxel by anti-solvent precipitation method. 25492016 1 47 theme release 255:261 arg1 applications 306:317 drug release, tissue engineering and surgical treatment applications 250:317 drug release, tissue engineering and surgical treatment applications 250:317 Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a kind of non-toxic biological materials with excellent absorbability, biocompatibility and biodegradability, which can be used for drug release, tissue engineering and surgical treatment applications. 25492016 1 48 with materials 149:157 arg1 biocompatibility 189:204 biocompatibility 189:204 biocompatibility 189:204 Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a kind of non-toxic biological materials with excellent absorbability, biocompatibility and biodegradability, which can be used for drug release, tissue engineering and surgical treatment applications. 25492016 1 48 with materials 149:157 arg1 absorbability 174:186 excellent absorbability 164:186 excellent absorbability 164:186 Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a kind of non-toxic biological materials with excellent absorbability, biocompatibility and biodegradability, which can be used for drug release, tissue engineering and surgical treatment applications. 25492016 1 48 with materials 149:157 arg1 biodegradability 210:225 biodegradability 210:225 biodegradability 210:225 Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a kind of non-toxic biological materials with excellent absorbability, biocompatibility and biodegradability, which can be used for drug release, tissue engineering and surgical treatment applications. 25492016 8 49 theme modified 1236:1243 arg1 nanoparticles 1249:1261 chitosan modified PLA nanoparticles 1227:1261 chitosan modified PLA nanoparticles 1227:1261 These results illustrated high potential of chitosan modified PLA nanoparticles for usage as anticancer drug carriers. 25492016 5 50 theme potential 789:797 arg1 value 799:803 zeta potential value 784:803 zeta potential value of 53.9 mV 784:814 Their large surface charge-ability was confirmed by zeta potential value of 53.9 mV. 25492016 1 51 theme excellent 164:172 arg1 absorbability 174:186 excellent absorbability 164:186 excellent absorbability 164:186 Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a kind of non-toxic biological materials with excellent absorbability, biocompatibility and biodegradability, which can be used for drug release, tissue engineering and surgical treatment applications. 25492016 7 52 theme PLA/chitosan 1062:1073 arg1 nanoparticles 1075:1087 PLA/chitosan nanoparticles 1062:1087 PLA/chitosan nanoparticles 1062:1087 In vitro drug release study demonstrated that PLA/chitosan nanoparticles prolonged drug release and decreased the burst release over the unmodified PLA nanoparticles. 25492016 7 53 dep In 1016:1017 arg1 vitro 1019:1023 vitro 1019:1023 vitro 1019:1023 In vitro drug release study demonstrated that PLA/chitosan nanoparticles prolonged drug release and decreased the burst release over the unmodified PLA nanoparticles. 25492016 8 54 theme nanoparticles 1249:1261 arg1 potential 1214:1222 high potential 1209:1222 high potential of chitosan modified PLA nanoparticles for usage 1209:1271 These results illustrated high potential of chitosan modified PLA nanoparticles for usage as anticancer drug carriers. 25492016 8 54 theme nanoparticles 1249:1261 arg1 carriers 1292:1299 anticancer drug carriers 1276:1299 anticancer drug carriers 1276:1299 These results illustrated high potential of chitosan modified PLA nanoparticles for usage as anticancer drug carriers. 25492016 2 55 theme docetaxel 416:424 arg1 encapsulation 399:411 encapsulation 399:411 encapsulation of docetaxel by anti-solvent precipitation method 399:461 In this study, we prepared chitosan modified PLA nanoparticles as carriers for encapsulation of docetaxel by anti-solvent precipitation method. 25492016 1 56 theme tissue 264:269 arg1 engineering 271:281 tissue engineering 264:281 tissue engineering 264:281 Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a kind of non-toxic biological materials with excellent absorbability, biocompatibility and biodegradability, which can be used for drug release, tissue engineering and surgical treatment applications. 25492016 6 57 theme initial 881:887 arg1 release 895:901 40% initial burst release 877:901 40% initial burst release in 5 h 877:908 Docetaxel was released from PLA/chitosan nanoparticles with 40% initial burst release in 5 h and 70% cumulative release within 24 h, while from PLA nanoparticles 65% of docetaxel was released in 5h. 25492016 7 58 theme drug 1025:1028 arg1 release 1030:1036 In vitro drug release 1016:1036 In vitro drug release study 1016:1042 In vitro drug release study demonstrated that PLA/chitosan nanoparticles prolonged drug release and decreased the burst release over the unmodified PLA nanoparticles. 25492016 1 59 theme lactic 96:101 arg1 acid 103:106 lactic acid 96:106 lactic acid 96:106 Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a kind of non-toxic biological materials with excellent absorbability, biocompatibility and biodegradability, which can be used for drug release, tissue engineering and surgical treatment applications. 25492016 1 59 theme lactic 96:101 arg1 Poly 91:94 Poly 91:94 Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) 91:113 Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a kind of non-toxic biological materials with excellent absorbability, biocompatibility and biodegradability, which can be used for drug release, tissue engineering and surgical treatment applications. 25492016 1 60 theme engineering 271:281 arg1 applications 306:317 drug release, tissue engineering and surgical treatment applications 250:317 drug release, tissue engineering and surgical treatment applications 250:317 Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a kind of non-toxic biological materials with excellent absorbability, biocompatibility and biodegradability, which can be used for drug release, tissue engineering and surgical treatment applications. 25492016 8 61 theme chitosan 1227:1234 arg1 nanoparticles 1249:1261 chitosan modified PLA nanoparticles 1227:1261 chitosan modified PLA nanoparticles 1227:1261 These results illustrated high potential of chitosan modified PLA nanoparticles for usage as anticancer drug carriers. 25492016 8 62 theme anticancer 1276:1285 arg1 potential 1214:1222 high potential 1209:1222 high potential of chitosan modified PLA nanoparticles for usage 1209:1271 These results illustrated high potential of chitosan modified PLA nanoparticles for usage as anticancer drug carriers. 25492016 8 62 theme anticancer 1276:1285 arg1 carriers 1292:1299 anticancer drug carriers 1276:1299 anticancer drug carriers 1276:1299 These results illustrated high potential of chitosan modified PLA nanoparticles for usage as anticancer drug carriers. 25492016 4 63 theme narrow 676:681 arg1 distribution 683:694 very narrow distribution 671:694 very narrow distribution with polydispersity index of 0.098 671:729 As-prepared PLA/chitosan particles exhibited average size of 250 nm and showed very narrow distribution with polydispersity index of 0.098. 25492016 6 64 theme PLA 961:963 arg1 nanoparticles 965:977 PLA nanoparticles 961:977 PLA nanoparticles 961:977 Docetaxel was released from PLA/chitosan nanoparticles with 40% initial burst release in 5 h and 70% cumulative release within 24 h, while from PLA nanoparticles 65% of docetaxel was released in 5h. 25492016 0 65 theme controlled 52:61 arg1 release 63:69 controlled release 52:69 controlled release of anticancer drug 52:88 Poly(lactic acid)/chitosan hybrid nanoparticles for controlled release of anticancer drug. 25492016 2 66 theme modified 356:363 arg1 nanoparticles 369:381 chitosan modified PLA nanoparticles 347:381 chitosan modified PLA nanoparticles as carriers for encapsulation of docetaxel by anti-solvent precipitation method 347:461 In this study, we prepared chitosan modified PLA nanoparticles as carriers for encapsulation of docetaxel by anti-solvent precipitation method. 25492016 6 67 theme docetaxel 986:994 arg1 docetaxel 986:994 docetaxel 986:994 docetaxel 986:994 Docetaxel was released from PLA/chitosan nanoparticles with 40% initial burst release in 5 h and 70% cumulative release within 24 h, while from PLA nanoparticles 65% of docetaxel was released in 5h. 25492016 6 67 theme docetaxel 986:994 arg1 % 981:981 65% 979:981 65% of docetaxel 979:994 Docetaxel was released from PLA/chitosan nanoparticles with 40% initial burst release in 5 h and 70% cumulative release within 24 h, while from PLA nanoparticles 65% of docetaxel was released in 5h. 25492016 6 68 attach released 831:838 arg2 Docetaxel 817:825 Docetaxel 817:825 Docetaxel 817:825 Docetaxel was released from PLA/chitosan nanoparticles with 40% initial burst release in 5 h and 70% cumulative release within 24 h, while from PLA nanoparticles 65% of docetaxel was released in 5h. 25492016 6 68 attach released 831:838 arg1 nanoparticles 858:870 PLA/chitosan nanoparticles 845:870 PLA/chitosan nanoparticles with 40% initial burst release in 5 h and 70% cumulative release 845:935 Docetaxel was released from PLA/chitosan nanoparticles with 40% initial burst release in 5 h and 70% cumulative release within 24 h, while from PLA nanoparticles 65% of docetaxel was released in 5h. 25492016 4 69 with distribution 683:694 arg1 index 716:720 polydispersity index 701:720 polydispersity index of 0.098 701:729 As-prepared PLA/chitosan particles exhibited average size of 250 nm and showed very narrow distribution with polydispersity index of 0.098. 25492016 8 70 theme PLA 1245:1247 arg1 nanoparticles 1249:1261 chitosan modified PLA nanoparticles 1227:1261 chitosan modified PLA nanoparticles 1227:1261 These results illustrated high potential of chitosan modified PLA nanoparticles for usage as anticancer drug carriers. 25398013 3 0 theme Collybia 904:911 arg1 dryophila 913:921 Collybia dryophila 904:921 Collybia dryophila 904:921 Some fungi (Gomphidius rutilus, Russula integra, Pholiota adiposa, and Geastrum mammosum) secreted 3-4 enzymes with weak activities, while others (Cyathus striatus, Suillus granulate, Phallus impudicus, Collybia dryophila, Agaricus sylvicola, and Lactarius deliciosus) could secret over 5 enzymes with high activities. 25398013 6 1 theme soil 1660:1663 arg1 colloids 1665:1672 soil colloids 1660:1672 soil colloids 1660:1672 Our findings indicate that inter-fungi differences in EEA types and activities might be responsible for physical and chemical changes in soil colloids (the most active component of soil matrix), highlighting the important roles of soil fungi in soil nutrient cycling and functional maintenance. 25398013 5 2 theme enzymatic 1445:1453 arg1 fungi 1455:1459 high enzymatic fungi 1440:1459 high enzymatic fungi (C. striatus) 1440:1473 Moreover, more evident changes were generally in high enzymatic fungi (C. striatus) compared with low enzymatic fungi (G. rutilus). 25398013 4 3 theme Si-O-Si 1217:1223 arg1 stretching 1225:1234 Si-O-Si stretching 1217:1234 Si-O-Si stretching 1217:1234 The differences in these fungi contributed to the alterations of functional groups (stretching bands of O-H, N-H, C-H, C = O, COO- decreased by 11-60%, while P = O, C-O stretching, O-H bending and Si-O-Si stretching increased 9-22%), surface appearance (disappearance of adhesive organic materials), and elemental compositions (11-49% decreases in C1s) in soil colloids. 25398013 0 4 theme element 146:152 arg1 composition 154:164 element composition 146:164 element composition 146:164 Differences in the activities of eight enzymes from ten soil fungi and their possible influences on the surface structure, functional groups, and element composition of soil colloids. 25398013 5 5 theme evident 1406:1412 arg1 changes 1414:1420 more evident changes 1401:1420 more evident changes 1401:1420 Moreover, more evident changes were generally in high enzymatic fungi (C. striatus) compared with low enzymatic fungi (G. rutilus). 25398013 4 6 theme C-O 1185:1187 arg1 stretching 1189:1198 C-O stretching 1185:1198 C-O stretching 1185:1198 The differences in these fungi contributed to the alterations of functional groups (stretching bands of O-H, N-H, C-H, C = O, COO- decreased by 11-60%, while P = O, C-O stretching, O-H bending and Si-O-Si stretching increased 9-22%), surface appearance (disappearance of adhesive organic materials), and elemental compositions (11-49% decreases in C1s) in soil colloids. 25398013 4 7 dep groups 1096:1101 arg1 decreased 1151:1159 decreased 1151:1159 decreased 1151:1159 The differences in these fungi contributed to the alterations of functional groups (stretching bands of O-H, N-H, C-H, C = O, COO- decreased by 11-60%, while P = O, C-O stretching, O-H bending and Si-O-Si stretching increased 9-22%), surface appearance (disappearance of adhesive organic materials), and elemental compositions (11-49% decreases in C1s) in soil colloids. 25398013 6 8 from changes 1649:1655 arg1 colloids 1665:1672 soil colloids 1660:1672 soil colloids 1660:1672 Our findings indicate that inter-fungi differences in EEA types and activities might be responsible for physical and chemical changes in soil colloids (the most active component of soil matrix), highlighting the important roles of soil fungi in soil nutrient cycling and functional maintenance. 25398013 0 9 theme colloids 174:181 arg1 structure 112:120 surface structure 104:120 surface structure 104:120 Differences in the activities of eight enzymes from ten soil fungi and their possible influences on the surface structure, functional groups, and element composition of soil colloids. 25398013 0 9 theme colloids 174:181 arg1 groups 134:139 functional groups 123:139 functional groups 123:139 Differences in the activities of eight enzymes from ten soil fungi and their possible influences on the surface structure, functional groups, and element composition of soil colloids. 25398013 0 9 theme colloids 174:181 arg1 composition 154:164 element composition 146:164 element composition 146:164 Differences in the activities of eight enzymes from ten soil fungi and their possible influences on the surface structure, functional groups, and element composition of soil colloids. 25398013 0 9 theme colloids 174:181 arg1 colloids 174:181 soil colloids 169:181 soil colloids 169:181 Differences in the activities of eight enzymes from ten soil fungi and their possible influences on the surface structure, functional groups, and element composition of soil colloids. 25398013 2 10 dep showed 574:579 arg1 co-cultured 618:628 co-cultured 618:628 showed low and high enzymatic activity were co-cultured with soil colloids for the purpose of finding fungi-soil interactions 574:698 Eight extracellular enzymes, EEAs (chitinase, carboxymethyl cellulase, β-glucosidase, protease, acid phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase, laccase, and guaiacol oxidase) secreted by ten fungi were compared, and then the fungi that showed low and high enzymatic activity were co-cultured with soil colloids for the purpose of finding fungi-soil interactions. 25398013 6 11 theme soil 1704:1707 arg1 matrix 1709:1714 soil matrix 1704:1714 soil matrix 1704:1714 Our findings indicate that inter-fungi differences in EEA types and activities might be responsible for physical and chemical changes in soil colloids (the most active component of soil matrix), highlighting the important roles of soil fungi in soil nutrient cycling and functional maintenance. 25398013 5 12 theme low 1489:1491 arg1 fungi 1503:1507 low enzymatic fungi 1489:1507 low enzymatic fungi (G. rutilus) 1489:1520 Moreover, more evident changes were generally in high enzymatic fungi (C. striatus) compared with low enzymatic fungi (G. rutilus). 25398013 5 12 theme low 1489:1491 arg1 rutilus 1513:1519 G. rutilus 1510:1519 G. rutilus 1510:1519 Moreover, more evident changes were generally in high enzymatic fungi (C. striatus) compared with low enzymatic fungi (G. rutilus). 25398013 4 13 theme appearance 1262:1271 arg1 alterations 1070:1080 the alterations 1066:1080 the alterations of functional groups (stretching bands of O-H, N-H, C-H, C = O, COO- decreased by 11-60%, while P = O, C-O stretching, O-H bending and Si-O-Si stretching increased 9-22%), surface appearance (disappearance of adhesive organic materials), and elemental compositions (11-49% decreases in C1s) in soil colloids 1066:1388 The differences in these fungi contributed to the alterations of functional groups (stretching bands of O-H, N-H, C-H, C = O, COO- decreased by 11-60%, while P = O, C-O stretching, O-H bending and Si-O-Si stretching increased 9-22%), surface appearance (disappearance of adhesive organic materials), and elemental compositions (11-49% decreases in C1s) in soil colloids. 25398013 0 14 from fungi 61:65 arg1 activities 19:28 the activities 15:28 the activities of eight enzymes from ten soil fungi 15:65 Differences in the activities of eight enzymes from ten soil fungi and their possible influences on the surface structure, functional groups, and element composition of soil colloids. 25398013 0 14 from fungi 61:65 arg1 enzymes 39:45 eight enzymes 33:45 eight enzymes from ten soil fungi 33:65 Differences in the activities of eight enzymes from ten soil fungi and their possible influences on the surface structure, functional groups, and element composition of soil colloids. 25398013 1 15 theme soil 188:191 arg1 fungi 193:197 soil fungi 188:197 soil fungi 188:197 How soil fungi function in soil carbon and nutrient cycling is not well understood by using fungal enzymatic differences and their interactions with soil colloids. 25398013 6 16 theme soil 1768:1771 arg1 cycling 1782:1788 soil nutrient cycling 1768:1788 soil nutrient cycling 1768:1788 Our findings indicate that inter-fungi differences in EEA types and activities might be responsible for physical and chemical changes in soil colloids (the most active component of soil matrix), highlighting the important roles of soil fungi in soil nutrient cycling and functional maintenance. 25398013 0 17 theme functional 123:132 arg1 groups 134:139 functional groups 123:139 functional groups 123:139 Differences in the activities of eight enzymes from ten soil fungi and their possible influences on the surface structure, functional groups, and element composition of soil colloids. 25398013 0 17 theme functional 123:132 arg1 colloids 174:181 soil colloids 169:181 soil colloids 169:181 Differences in the activities of eight enzymes from ten soil fungi and their possible influences on the surface structure, functional groups, and element composition of soil colloids. 25398013 3 18 dep others 840:845 arg1 striatus 856:863 Cyathus striatus 848:863 Cyathus striatus 848:863 Some fungi (Gomphidius rutilus, Russula integra, Pholiota adiposa, and Geastrum mammosum) secreted 3-4 enzymes with weak activities, while others (Cyathus striatus, Suillus granulate, Phallus impudicus, Collybia dryophila, Agaricus sylvicola, and Lactarius deliciosus) could secret over 5 enzymes with high activities. 25398013 3 18 dep others 840:845 arg1 dryophila 913:921 Collybia dryophila 904:921 Collybia dryophila 904:921 Some fungi (Gomphidius rutilus, Russula integra, Pholiota adiposa, and Geastrum mammosum) secreted 3-4 enzymes with weak activities, while others (Cyathus striatus, Suillus granulate, Phallus impudicus, Collybia dryophila, Agaricus sylvicola, and Lactarius deliciosus) could secret over 5 enzymes with high activities. 25398013 3 18 dep others 840:845 arg1 deliciosus 958:967 Lactarius deliciosus 948:967 Lactarius deliciosus 948:967 Some fungi (Gomphidius rutilus, Russula integra, Pholiota adiposa, and Geastrum mammosum) secreted 3-4 enzymes with weak activities, while others (Cyathus striatus, Suillus granulate, Phallus impudicus, Collybia dryophila, Agaricus sylvicola, and Lactarius deliciosus) could secret over 5 enzymes with high activities. 25398013 3 18 dep others 840:845 arg1 granulate 874:882 Suillus granulate 866:882 Suillus granulate 866:882 Some fungi (Gomphidius rutilus, Russula integra, Pholiota adiposa, and Geastrum mammosum) secreted 3-4 enzymes with weak activities, while others (Cyathus striatus, Suillus granulate, Phallus impudicus, Collybia dryophila, Agaricus sylvicola, and Lactarius deliciosus) could secret over 5 enzymes with high activities. 25398013 3 18 dep others 840:845 arg1 impudicus 893:901 Phallus impudicus 885:901 Phallus impudicus 885:901 Some fungi (Gomphidius rutilus, Russula integra, Pholiota adiposa, and Geastrum mammosum) secreted 3-4 enzymes with weak activities, while others (Cyathus striatus, Suillus granulate, Phallus impudicus, Collybia dryophila, Agaricus sylvicola, and Lactarius deliciosus) could secret over 5 enzymes with high activities. 25398013 3 18 dep others 840:845 arg1 sylvicola 933:941 Agaricus sylvicola 924:941 Agaricus sylvicola 924:941 Some fungi (Gomphidius rutilus, Russula integra, Pholiota adiposa, and Geastrum mammosum) secreted 3-4 enzymes with weak activities, while others (Cyathus striatus, Suillus granulate, Phallus impudicus, Collybia dryophila, Agaricus sylvicola, and Lactarius deliciosus) could secret over 5 enzymes with high activities. 25398013 0 19 from influences 86:95 arg1 structure 112:120 surface structure 104:120 surface structure 104:120 Differences in the activities of eight enzymes from ten soil fungi and their possible influences on the surface structure, functional groups, and element composition of soil colloids. 25398013 0 19 from influences 86:95 arg1 groups 134:139 functional groups 123:139 functional groups 123:139 Differences in the activities of eight enzymes from ten soil fungi and their possible influences on the surface structure, functional groups, and element composition of soil colloids. 25398013 0 19 from influences 86:95 arg1 activities 19:28 the activities 15:28 the activities of eight enzymes from ten soil fungi 15:65 Differences in the activities of eight enzymes from ten soil fungi and their possible influences on the surface structure, functional groups, and element composition of soil colloids. 25398013 0 19 from influences 86:95 arg1 composition 154:164 element composition 146:164 element composition 146:164 Differences in the activities of eight enzymes from ten soil fungi and their possible influences on the surface structure, functional groups, and element composition of soil colloids. 25398013 0 19 from influences 86:95 arg1 colloids 174:181 soil colloids 169:181 soil colloids 169:181 Differences in the activities of eight enzymes from ten soil fungi and their possible influences on the surface structure, functional groups, and element composition of soil colloids. 25398013 2 20 theme soil 635:638 arg1 colloids 640:647 soil colloids 635:647 soil colloids for the purpose of finding fungi-soil interactions 635:698 Eight extracellular enzymes, EEAs (chitinase, carboxymethyl cellulase, β-glucosidase, protease, acid phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase, laccase, and guaiacol oxidase) secreted by ten fungi were compared, and then the fungi that showed low and high enzymatic activity were co-cultured with soil colloids for the purpose of finding fungi-soil interactions. 25398013 6 21 theme fungi 1759:1763 arg1 roles 1745:1749 the important roles 1731:1749 the important roles of soil fungi in soil nutrient cycling and functional maintenance 1731:1815 Our findings indicate that inter-fungi differences in EEA types and activities might be responsible for physical and chemical changes in soil colloids (the most active component of soil matrix), highlighting the important roles of soil fungi in soil nutrient cycling and functional maintenance. 25398013 4 22 theme materials 1308:1316 arg1 disappearance 1274:1286 disappearance 1274:1286 disappearance of adhesive organic materials 1274:1316 The differences in these fungi contributed to the alterations of functional groups (stretching bands of O-H, N-H, C-H, C = O, COO- decreased by 11-60%, while P = O, C-O stretching, O-H bending and Si-O-Si stretching increased 9-22%), surface appearance (disappearance of adhesive organic materials), and elemental compositions (11-49% decreases in C1s) in soil colloids. 25398013 5 23 theme enzymatic 1493:1501 arg1 fungi 1503:1507 low enzymatic fungi 1489:1507 low enzymatic fungi (G. rutilus) 1489:1520 Moreover, more evident changes were generally in high enzymatic fungi (C. striatus) compared with low enzymatic fungi (G. rutilus). 25398013 5 23 theme enzymatic 1493:1501 arg1 rutilus 1513:1519 G. rutilus 1510:1519 G. rutilus 1510:1519 Moreover, more evident changes were generally in high enzymatic fungi (C. striatus) compared with low enzymatic fungi (G. rutilus). 25398013 3 24 with enzymes 804:810 arg1 activities 822:831 weak activities 817:831 weak activities 817:831 Some fungi (Gomphidius rutilus, Russula integra, Pholiota adiposa, and Geastrum mammosum) secreted 3-4 enzymes with weak activities, while others (Cyathus striatus, Suillus granulate, Phallus impudicus, Collybia dryophila, Agaricus sylvicola, and Lactarius deliciosus) could secret over 5 enzymes with high activities. 25398013 0 25 dep structure 112:120 arg1 the 100:102 the 100:102 the 100:102 Differences in the activities of eight enzymes from ten soil fungi and their possible influences on the surface structure, functional groups, and element composition of soil colloids. 25398013 3 26 theme weak 817:820 arg1 activities 822:831 weak activities 817:831 weak activities 817:831 Some fungi (Gomphidius rutilus, Russula integra, Pholiota adiposa, and Geastrum mammosum) secreted 3-4 enzymes with weak activities, while others (Cyathus striatus, Suillus granulate, Phallus impudicus, Collybia dryophila, Agaricus sylvicola, and Lactarius deliciosus) could secret over 5 enzymes with high activities. 25398013 6 27 theme EEA 1577:1579 arg1 types 1581:1585 EEA types 1577:1585 EEA types 1577:1585 Our findings indicate that inter-fungi differences in EEA types and activities might be responsible for physical and chemical changes in soil colloids (the most active component of soil matrix), highlighting the important roles of soil fungi in soil nutrient cycling and functional maintenance. 25398013 4 28 theme functional 1085:1094 arg1 groups 1096:1101 functional groups 1085:1101 functional groups (stretching bands of O-H, N-H, C-H, C = O, COO- decreased by 11-60%, while P = O, C-O stretching, O-H bending and Si-O-Si stretching increased 9-22%) 1085:1251 The differences in these fungi contributed to the alterations of functional groups (stretching bands of O-H, N-H, C-H, C = O, COO- decreased by 11-60%, while P = O, C-O stretching, O-H bending and Si-O-Si stretching increased 9-22%), surface appearance (disappearance of adhesive organic materials), and elemental compositions (11-49% decreases in C1s) in soil colloids. 25398013 6 29 theme important 1735:1743 arg1 roles 1745:1749 the important roles 1731:1749 the important roles of soil fungi in soil nutrient cycling and functional maintenance 1731:1815 Our findings indicate that inter-fungi differences in EEA types and activities might be responsible for physical and chemical changes in soil colloids (the most active component of soil matrix), highlighting the important roles of soil fungi in soil nutrient cycling and functional maintenance. 25398013 3 30 with enzymes 990:996 arg1 activities 1008:1017 high activities 1003:1017 high activities 1003:1017 Some fungi (Gomphidius rutilus, Russula integra, Pholiota adiposa, and Geastrum mammosum) secreted 3-4 enzymes with weak activities, while others (Cyathus striatus, Suillus granulate, Phallus impudicus, Collybia dryophila, Agaricus sylvicola, and Lactarius deliciosus) could secret over 5 enzymes with high activities. 25398013 1 31 with differences 293:303 arg1 colloids 338:345 soil colloids 333:345 soil colloids 333:345 How soil fungi function in soil carbon and nutrient cycling is not well understood by using fungal enzymatic differences and their interactions with soil colloids. 25398013 0 32 from Differences 0:10 arg1 structure 112:120 surface structure 104:120 surface structure 104:120 Differences in the activities of eight enzymes from ten soil fungi and their possible influences on the surface structure, functional groups, and element composition of soil colloids. 25398013 0 32 from Differences 0:10 arg1 groups 134:139 functional groups 123:139 functional groups 123:139 Differences in the activities of eight enzymes from ten soil fungi and their possible influences on the surface structure, functional groups, and element composition of soil colloids. 25398013 0 32 from Differences 0:10 arg1 activities 19:28 the activities 15:28 the activities of eight enzymes from ten soil fungi 15:65 Differences in the activities of eight enzymes from ten soil fungi and their possible influences on the surface structure, functional groups, and element composition of soil colloids. 25398013 0 32 from Differences 0:10 arg1 composition 154:164 element composition 146:164 element composition 146:164 Differences in the activities of eight enzymes from ten soil fungi and their possible influences on the surface structure, functional groups, and element composition of soil colloids. 25398013 0 32 from Differences 0:10 arg1 colloids 174:181 soil colloids 169:181 soil colloids 169:181 Differences in the activities of eight enzymes from ten soil fungi and their possible influences on the surface structure, functional groups, and element composition of soil colloids. 25398013 2 33 theme high 589:592 arg1 activity 604:611 low and high enzymatic activity 581:611 low and high enzymatic activity 581:611 Eight extracellular enzymes, EEAs (chitinase, carboxymethyl cellulase, β-glucosidase, protease, acid phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase, laccase, and guaiacol oxidase) secreted by ten fungi were compared, and then the fungi that showed low and high enzymatic activity were co-cultured with soil colloids for the purpose of finding fungi-soil interactions. 25398013 4 34 theme adhesive 1291:1298 arg1 materials 1308:1316 adhesive organic materials 1291:1316 adhesive organic materials 1291:1316 The differences in these fungi contributed to the alterations of functional groups (stretching bands of O-H, N-H, C-H, C = O, COO- decreased by 11-60%, while P = O, C-O stretching, O-H bending and Si-O-Si stretching increased 9-22%), surface appearance (disappearance of adhesive organic materials), and elemental compositions (11-49% decreases in C1s) in soil colloids. 25398013 2 35 theme low 581:583 arg1 activity 604:611 low and high enzymatic activity 581:611 low and high enzymatic activity 581:611 Eight extracellular enzymes, EEAs (chitinase, carboxymethyl cellulase, β-glucosidase, protease, acid phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase, laccase, and guaiacol oxidase) secreted by ten fungi were compared, and then the fungi that showed low and high enzymatic activity were co-cultured with soil colloids for the purpose of finding fungi-soil interactions. 25398013 4 36 from decreases 1355:1363 arg1 C1s 1368:1370 C1s 1368:1370 C1s 1368:1370 The differences in these fungi contributed to the alterations of functional groups (stretching bands of O-H, N-H, C-H, C = O, COO- decreased by 11-60%, while P = O, C-O stretching, O-H bending and Si-O-Si stretching increased 9-22%), surface appearance (disappearance of adhesive organic materials), and elemental compositions (11-49% decreases in C1s) in soil colloids. 25398013 4 37 theme % 1353:1353 arg1 decreases 1355:1363 11-49% decreases 1348:1363 11-49% decreases in C1s 1348:1370 The differences in these fungi contributed to the alterations of functional groups (stretching bands of O-H, N-H, C-H, C = O, COO- decreased by 11-60%, while P = O, C-O stretching, O-H bending and Si-O-Si stretching increased 9-22%), surface appearance (disappearance of adhesive organic materials), and elemental compositions (11-49% decreases in C1s) in soil colloids. 25398013 4 38 theme O-H 1124:1126 arg1 bands 1115:1119 stretching bands 1104:1119 stretching bands of O-H, N-H, C-H, C = O, COO- 1104:1149 The differences in these fungi contributed to the alterations of functional groups (stretching bands of O-H, N-H, C-H, C = O, COO- decreased by 11-60%, while P = O, C-O stretching, O-H bending and Si-O-Si stretching increased 9-22%), surface appearance (disappearance of adhesive organic materials), and elemental compositions (11-49% decreases in C1s) in soil colloids. 25398013 6 39 theme functional 1794:1803 arg1 maintenance 1805:1815 functional maintenance 1794:1815 functional maintenance 1794:1815 Our findings indicate that inter-fungi differences in EEA types and activities might be responsible for physical and chemical changes in soil colloids (the most active component of soil matrix), highlighting the important roles of soil fungi in soil nutrient cycling and functional maintenance. 25398013 2 40 theme extracellular 354:366 arg1 enzymes 368:374 Eight extracellular enzymes 348:374 Eight extracellular enzymes 348:374 Eight extracellular enzymes, EEAs (chitinase, carboxymethyl cellulase, β-glucosidase, protease, acid phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase, laccase, and guaiacol oxidase) secreted by ten fungi were compared, and then the fungi that showed low and high enzymatic activity were co-cultured with soil colloids for the purpose of finding fungi-soil interactions. 25398013 2 40 theme extracellular 354:366 arg1 EEAs 377:380 EEAs 377:380 EEAs (chitinase, carboxymethyl cellulase, β-glucosidase, protease, acid phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase, laccase, and guaiacol oxidase) 377:511 Eight extracellular enzymes, EEAs (chitinase, carboxymethyl cellulase, β-glucosidase, protease, acid phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase, laccase, and guaiacol oxidase) secreted by ten fungi were compared, and then the fungi that showed low and high enzymatic activity were co-cultured with soil colloids for the purpose of finding fungi-soil interactions. 25398013 3 41 theme high 1003:1006 arg1 activities 1008:1017 high activities 1003:1017 high activities 1003:1017 Some fungi (Gomphidius rutilus, Russula integra, Pholiota adiposa, and Geastrum mammosum) secreted 3-4 enzymes with weak activities, while others (Cyathus striatus, Suillus granulate, Phallus impudicus, Collybia dryophila, Agaricus sylvicola, and Lactarius deliciosus) could secret over 5 enzymes with high activities. 25398013 6 42 theme physical 1627:1634 arg1 changes 1649:1655 physical and chemical changes 1627:1655 physical and chemical changes in soil colloids 1627:1672 Our findings indicate that inter-fungi differences in EEA types and activities might be responsible for physical and chemical changes in soil colloids (the most active component of soil matrix), highlighting the important roles of soil fungi in soil nutrient cycling and functional maintenance. 25398013 4 43 theme elemental 1324:1332 arg1 compositions 1334:1345 elemental compositions 1324:1345 elemental compositions (11-49% decreases in C1s) 1324:1371 The differences in these fungi contributed to the alterations of functional groups (stretching bands of O-H, N-H, C-H, C = O, COO- decreased by 11-60%, while P = O, C-O stretching, O-H bending and Si-O-Si stretching increased 9-22%), surface appearance (disappearance of adhesive organic materials), and elemental compositions (11-49% decreases in C1s) in soil colloids. 25398013 2 44 theme acid 444:447 arg1 phosphatase 449:459 acid phosphatase 444:459 acid phosphatase 444:459 Eight extracellular enzymes, EEAs (chitinase, carboxymethyl cellulase, β-glucosidase, protease, acid phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase, laccase, and guaiacol oxidase) secreted by ten fungi were compared, and then the fungi that showed low and high enzymatic activity were co-cultured with soil colloids for the purpose of finding fungi-soil interactions. 25398013 2 44 theme acid 444:447 arg1 EEAs 377:380 EEAs 377:380 EEAs (chitinase, carboxymethyl cellulase, β-glucosidase, protease, acid phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase, laccase, and guaiacol oxidase) 377:511 Eight extracellular enzymes, EEAs (chitinase, carboxymethyl cellulase, β-glucosidase, protease, acid phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase, laccase, and guaiacol oxidase) secreted by ten fungi were compared, and then the fungi that showed low and high enzymatic activity were co-cultured with soil colloids for the purpose of finding fungi-soil interactions. 25398013 3 45 theme Phallus 885:891 arg1 impudicus 893:901 Phallus impudicus 885:901 Phallus impudicus 885:901 Some fungi (Gomphidius rutilus, Russula integra, Pholiota adiposa, and Geastrum mammosum) secreted 3-4 enzymes with weak activities, while others (Cyathus striatus, Suillus granulate, Phallus impudicus, Collybia dryophila, Agaricus sylvicola, and Lactarius deliciosus) could secret over 5 enzymes with high activities. 25398013 6 46 from differences 1562:1572 arg1 activities 1591:1600 activities 1591:1600 activities 1591:1600 Our findings indicate that inter-fungi differences in EEA types and activities might be responsible for physical and chemical changes in soil colloids (the most active component of soil matrix), highlighting the important roles of soil fungi in soil nutrient cycling and functional maintenance. 25398013 6 46 from differences 1562:1572 arg1 types 1581:1585 EEA types 1577:1585 EEA types 1577:1585 Our findings indicate that inter-fungi differences in EEA types and activities might be responsible for physical and chemical changes in soil colloids (the most active component of soil matrix), highlighting the important roles of soil fungi in soil nutrient cycling and functional maintenance. 25398013 0 47 theme enzymes 39:45 arg1 activities 19:28 the activities 15:28 the activities of eight enzymes from ten soil fungi 15:65 Differences in the activities of eight enzymes from ten soil fungi and their possible influences on the surface structure, functional groups, and element composition of soil colloids. 25398013 1 48 theme fungal 276:281 arg1 differences 293:303 fungal enzymatic differences 276:303 fungal enzymatic differences 276:303 How soil fungi function in soil carbon and nutrient cycling is not well understood by using fungal enzymatic differences and their interactions with soil colloids. 25398013 4 49 theme compositions 1334:1345 arg1 alterations 1070:1080 the alterations 1066:1080 the alterations of functional groups (stretching bands of O-H, N-H, C-H, C = O, COO- decreased by 11-60%, while P = O, C-O stretching, O-H bending and Si-O-Si stretching increased 9-22%), surface appearance (disappearance of adhesive organic materials), and elemental compositions (11-49% decreases in C1s) in soil colloids 1066:1388 The differences in these fungi contributed to the alterations of functional groups (stretching bands of O-H, N-H, C-H, C = O, COO- decreased by 11-60%, while P = O, C-O stretching, O-H bending and Si-O-Si stretching increased 9-22%), surface appearance (disappearance of adhesive organic materials), and elemental compositions (11-49% decreases in C1s) in soil colloids. 25398013 4 50 from alterations 1070:1080 arg1 colloids 1381:1388 soil colloids 1376:1388 soil colloids 1376:1388 The differences in these fungi contributed to the alterations of functional groups (stretching bands of O-H, N-H, C-H, C = O, COO- decreased by 11-60%, while P = O, C-O stretching, O-H bending and Si-O-Si stretching increased 9-22%), surface appearance (disappearance of adhesive organic materials), and elemental compositions (11-49% decreases in C1s) in soil colloids. 25398013 5 51 theme high 1440:1443 arg1 fungi 1455:1459 high enzymatic fungi 1440:1459 high enzymatic fungi (C. striatus) 1440:1473 Moreover, more evident changes were generally in high enzymatic fungi (C. striatus) compared with low enzymatic fungi (G. rutilus). 25398013 4 52 theme O-H 1201:1203 arg1 bending 1205:1211 O-H bending 1201:1211 O-H bending 1201:1211 The differences in these fungi contributed to the alterations of functional groups (stretching bands of O-H, N-H, C-H, C = O, COO- decreased by 11-60%, while P = O, C-O stretching, O-H bending and Si-O-Si stretching increased 9-22%), surface appearance (disappearance of adhesive organic materials), and elemental compositions (11-49% decreases in C1s) in soil colloids. 25398013 4 53 theme soil 1376:1379 arg1 colloids 1381:1388 soil colloids 1376:1388 soil colloids 1376:1388 The differences in these fungi contributed to the alterations of functional groups (stretching bands of O-H, N-H, C-H, C = O, COO- decreased by 11-60%, while P = O, C-O stretching, O-H bending and Si-O-Si stretching increased 9-22%), surface appearance (disappearance of adhesive organic materials), and elemental compositions (11-49% decreases in C1s) in soil colloids. 25398013 0 54 theme soil 169:172 arg1 colloids 174:181 soil colloids 169:181 soil colloids 169:181 Differences in the activities of eight enzymes from ten soil fungi and their possible influences on the surface structure, functional groups, and element composition of soil colloids. 25398013 6 55 from roles 1745:1749 arg1 cycling 1782:1788 soil nutrient cycling 1768:1788 soil nutrient cycling 1768:1788 Our findings indicate that inter-fungi differences in EEA types and activities might be responsible for physical and chemical changes in soil colloids (the most active component of soil matrix), highlighting the important roles of soil fungi in soil nutrient cycling and functional maintenance. 25398013 6 55 from roles 1745:1749 arg1 maintenance 1805:1815 functional maintenance 1794:1815 functional maintenance 1794:1815 Our findings indicate that inter-fungi differences in EEA types and activities might be responsible for physical and chemical changes in soil colloids (the most active component of soil matrix), highlighting the important roles of soil fungi in soil nutrient cycling and functional maintenance. 25398013 1 56 theme nutrient 227:234 arg1 cycling 236:242 nutrient cycling 227:242 nutrient cycling 227:242 How soil fungi function in soil carbon and nutrient cycling is not well understood by using fungal enzymatic differences and their interactions with soil colloids. 25398013 4 57 dep appearance 1262:1271 arg1 disappearance 1274:1286 disappearance 1274:1286 disappearance of adhesive organic materials 1274:1316 The differences in these fungi contributed to the alterations of functional groups (stretching bands of O-H, N-H, C-H, C = O, COO- decreased by 11-60%, while P = O, C-O stretching, O-H bending and Si-O-Si stretching increased 9-22%), surface appearance (disappearance of adhesive organic materials), and elemental compositions (11-49% decreases in C1s) in soil colloids. 25398013 3 58 theme Agaricus 924:931 arg1 sylvicola 933:941 Agaricus sylvicola 924:941 Agaricus sylvicola 924:941 Some fungi (Gomphidius rutilus, Russula integra, Pholiota adiposa, and Geastrum mammosum) secreted 3-4 enzymes with weak activities, while others (Cyathus striatus, Suillus granulate, Phallus impudicus, Collybia dryophila, Agaricus sylvicola, and Lactarius deliciosus) could secret over 5 enzymes with high activities. 25398013 6 59 theme chemical 1640:1647 arg1 changes 1649:1655 physical and chemical changes 1627:1655 physical and chemical changes in soil colloids 1627:1672 Our findings indicate that inter-fungi differences in EEA types and activities might be responsible for physical and chemical changes in soil colloids (the most active component of soil matrix), highlighting the important roles of soil fungi in soil nutrient cycling and functional maintenance. 25398013 6 60 theme matrix 1709:1714 arg1 component 1691:1699 the most active component 1675:1699 the most active component of soil matrix 1675:1714 Our findings indicate that inter-fungi differences in EEA types and activities might be responsible for physical and chemical changes in soil colloids (the most active component of soil matrix), highlighting the important roles of soil fungi in soil nutrient cycling and functional maintenance. 25398013 0 61 theme surface 104:110 arg1 structure 112:120 surface structure 104:120 surface structure 104:120 Differences in the activities of eight enzymes from ten soil fungi and their possible influences on the surface structure, functional groups, and element composition of soil colloids. 25398013 4 62 theme surface 1254:1260 arg1 appearance 1262:1271 surface appearance 1254:1271 surface appearance (disappearance of adhesive organic materials) 1254:1317 The differences in these fungi contributed to the alterations of functional groups (stretching bands of O-H, N-H, C-H, C = O, COO- decreased by 11-60%, while P = O, C-O stretching, O-H bending and Si-O-Si stretching increased 9-22%), surface appearance (disappearance of adhesive organic materials), and elemental compositions (11-49% decreases in C1s) in soil colloids. 25398013 4 63 from differences 1024:1034 arg1 fungi 1045:1049 these fungi 1039:1049 these fungi 1039:1049 The differences in these fungi contributed to the alterations of functional groups (stretching bands of O-H, N-H, C-H, C = O, COO- decreased by 11-60%, while P = O, C-O stretching, O-H bending and Si-O-Si stretching increased 9-22%), surface appearance (disappearance of adhesive organic materials), and elemental compositions (11-49% decreases in C1s) in soil colloids. 25398013 2 64 theme guaiacol 495:502 arg1 oxidase 504:510 guaiacol oxidase 495:510 guaiacol oxidase 495:510 Eight extracellular enzymes, EEAs (chitinase, carboxymethyl cellulase, β-glucosidase, protease, acid phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase, laccase, and guaiacol oxidase) secreted by ten fungi were compared, and then the fungi that showed low and high enzymatic activity were co-cultured with soil colloids for the purpose of finding fungi-soil interactions. 25398013 2 64 theme guaiacol 495:502 arg1 EEAs 377:380 EEAs 377:380 EEAs (chitinase, carboxymethyl cellulase, β-glucosidase, protease, acid phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase, laccase, and guaiacol oxidase) 377:511 Eight extracellular enzymes, EEAs (chitinase, carboxymethyl cellulase, β-glucosidase, protease, acid phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase, laccase, and guaiacol oxidase) secreted by ten fungi were compared, and then the fungi that showed low and high enzymatic activity were co-cultured with soil colloids for the purpose of finding fungi-soil interactions. 25398013 4 65 dep compositions 1334:1345 arg1 decreases 1355:1363 11-49% decreases 1348:1363 11-49% decreases in C1s 1348:1370 The differences in these fungi contributed to the alterations of functional groups (stretching bands of O-H, N-H, C-H, C = O, COO- decreased by 11-60%, while P = O, C-O stretching, O-H bending and Si-O-Si stretching increased 9-22%), surface appearance (disappearance of adhesive organic materials), and elemental compositions (11-49% decreases in C1s) in soil colloids. 25398013 4 66 theme stretching 1104:1113 arg1 bands 1115:1119 stretching bands 1104:1119 stretching bands of O-H, N-H, C-H, C = O, COO- 1104:1149 The differences in these fungi contributed to the alterations of functional groups (stretching bands of O-H, N-H, C-H, C = O, COO- decreased by 11-60%, while P = O, C-O stretching, O-H bending and Si-O-Si stretching increased 9-22%), surface appearance (disappearance of adhesive organic materials), and elemental compositions (11-49% decreases in C1s) in soil colloids. 25398013 6 67 theme active 1684:1689 arg1 component 1691:1699 the most active component 1675:1699 the most active component of soil matrix 1675:1714 Our findings indicate that inter-fungi differences in EEA types and activities might be responsible for physical and chemical changes in soil colloids (the most active component of soil matrix), highlighting the important roles of soil fungi in soil nutrient cycling and functional maintenance. 25398013 3 68 theme Gomphidius 713:722 arg1 rutilus 724:730 Gomphidius rutilus 713:730 Gomphidius rutilus 713:730 Some fungi (Gomphidius rutilus, Russula integra, Pholiota adiposa, and Geastrum mammosum) secreted 3-4 enzymes with weak activities, while others (Cyathus striatus, Suillus granulate, Phallus impudicus, Collybia dryophila, Agaricus sylvicola, and Lactarius deliciosus) could secret over 5 enzymes with high activities. 25398013 3 68 theme Gomphidius 713:722 arg1 integra 741:747 integra 741:747 integra 741:747 Some fungi (Gomphidius rutilus, Russula integra, Pholiota adiposa, and Geastrum mammosum) secreted 3-4 enzymes with weak activities, while others (Cyathus striatus, Suillus granulate, Phallus impudicus, Collybia dryophila, Agaricus sylvicola, and Lactarius deliciosus) could secret over 5 enzymes with high activities. 25398013 3 68 theme Gomphidius 713:722 arg1 adiposa 759:765 adiposa 759:765 adiposa 759:765 Some fungi (Gomphidius rutilus, Russula integra, Pholiota adiposa, and Geastrum mammosum) secreted 3-4 enzymes with weak activities, while others (Cyathus striatus, Suillus granulate, Phallus impudicus, Collybia dryophila, Agaricus sylvicola, and Lactarius deliciosus) could secret over 5 enzymes with high activities. 25398013 3 68 theme Gomphidius 713:722 arg1 Geastrum 772:779 Geastrum 772:779 Geastrum 772:779 Some fungi (Gomphidius rutilus, Russula integra, Pholiota adiposa, and Geastrum mammosum) secreted 3-4 enzymes with weak activities, while others (Cyathus striatus, Suillus granulate, Phallus impudicus, Collybia dryophila, Agaricus sylvicola, and Lactarius deliciosus) could secret over 5 enzymes with high activities. 25398013 3 69 theme 3-4 800:802 arg1 enzymes 804:810 3-4 enzymes 800:810 3-4 enzymes with weak activities 800:831 Some fungi (Gomphidius rutilus, Russula integra, Pholiota adiposa, and Geastrum mammosum) secreted 3-4 enzymes with weak activities, while others (Cyathus striatus, Suillus granulate, Phallus impudicus, Collybia dryophila, Agaricus sylvicola, and Lactarius deliciosus) could secret over 5 enzymes with high activities. 25398013 2 70 theme fungi-soil 676:685 arg1 interactions 687:698 fungi-soil interactions 676:698 fungi-soil interactions 676:698 Eight extracellular enzymes, EEAs (chitinase, carboxymethyl cellulase, β-glucosidase, protease, acid phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase, laccase, and guaiacol oxidase) secreted by ten fungi were compared, and then the fungi that showed low and high enzymatic activity were co-cultured with soil colloids for the purpose of finding fungi-soil interactions. 25398013 6 71 theme soil 1754:1757 arg1 fungi 1759:1763 soil fungi 1754:1763 soil fungi 1754:1763 Our findings indicate that inter-fungi differences in EEA types and activities might be responsible for physical and chemical changes in soil colloids (the most active component of soil matrix), highlighting the important roles of soil fungi in soil nutrient cycling and functional maintenance. 25398013 4 72 theme organic 1300:1306 arg1 materials 1308:1316 adhesive organic materials 1291:1316 adhesive organic materials 1291:1316 The differences in these fungi contributed to the alterations of functional groups (stretching bands of O-H, N-H, C-H, C = O, COO- decreased by 11-60%, while P = O, C-O stretching, O-H bending and Si-O-Si stretching increased 9-22%), surface appearance (disappearance of adhesive organic materials), and elemental compositions (11-49% decreases in C1s) in soil colloids. 25398013 0 73 theme soil 56:59 arg1 fungi 61:65 ten soil fungi 52:65 ten soil fungi 52:65 Differences in the activities of eight enzymes from ten soil fungi and their possible influences on the surface structure, functional groups, and element composition of soil colloids. 25398013 3 74 dep Geastrum 772:779 arg1 mammosum 781:788 Geastrum mammosum 772:788 Geastrum mammosum 772:788 Some fungi (Gomphidius rutilus, Russula integra, Pholiota adiposa, and Geastrum mammosum) secreted 3-4 enzymes with weak activities, while others (Cyathus striatus, Suillus granulate, Phallus impudicus, Collybia dryophila, Agaricus sylvicola, and Lactarius deliciosus) could secret over 5 enzymes with high activities. 25398013 2 75 theme polyphenol 462:471 arg1 oxidase 473:479 polyphenol oxidase 462:479 polyphenol oxidase 462:479 Eight extracellular enzymes, EEAs (chitinase, carboxymethyl cellulase, β-glucosidase, protease, acid phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase, laccase, and guaiacol oxidase) secreted by ten fungi were compared, and then the fungi that showed low and high enzymatic activity were co-cultured with soil colloids for the purpose of finding fungi-soil interactions. 25398013 2 75 theme polyphenol 462:471 arg1 EEAs 377:380 EEAs 377:380 EEAs (chitinase, carboxymethyl cellulase, β-glucosidase, protease, acid phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase, laccase, and guaiacol oxidase) 377:511 Eight extracellular enzymes, EEAs (chitinase, carboxymethyl cellulase, β-glucosidase, protease, acid phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase, laccase, and guaiacol oxidase) secreted by ten fungi were compared, and then the fungi that showed low and high enzymatic activity were co-cultured with soil colloids for the purpose of finding fungi-soil interactions. 25398013 0 76 from activities 19:28 arg1 fungi 61:65 ten soil fungi 52:65 ten soil fungi 52:65 Differences in the activities of eight enzymes from ten soil fungi and their possible influences on the surface structure, functional groups, and element composition of soil colloids. 25398013 4 77 theme groups 1096:1101 arg1 alterations 1070:1080 the alterations 1066:1080 the alterations of functional groups (stretching bands of O-H, N-H, C-H, C = O, COO- decreased by 11-60%, while P = O, C-O stretching, O-H bending and Si-O-Si stretching increased 9-22%), surface appearance (disappearance of adhesive organic materials), and elemental compositions (11-49% decreases in C1s) in soil colloids 1066:1388 The differences in these fungi contributed to the alterations of functional groups (stretching bands of O-H, N-H, C-H, C = O, COO- decreased by 11-60%, while P = O, C-O stretching, O-H bending and Si-O-Si stretching increased 9-22%), surface appearance (disappearance of adhesive organic materials), and elemental compositions (11-49% decreases in C1s) in soil colloids. 25398013 1 78 with interactions 315:326 arg1 colloids 338:345 soil colloids 333:345 soil colloids 333:345 How soil fungi function in soil carbon and nutrient cycling is not well understood by using fungal enzymatic differences and their interactions with soil colloids. 25398013 2 79 theme enzymatic 594:602 arg1 activity 604:611 low and high enzymatic activity 581:611 low and high enzymatic activity 581:611 Eight extracellular enzymes, EEAs (chitinase, carboxymethyl cellulase, β-glucosidase, protease, acid phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase, laccase, and guaiacol oxidase) secreted by ten fungi were compared, and then the fungi that showed low and high enzymatic activity were co-cultured with soil colloids for the purpose of finding fungi-soil interactions. 25398013 0 80 theme possible 77:84 arg1 influences 86:95 their possible influences 71:95 their possible influences on the surface structure, functional groups, and element composition of soil colloids 71:181 Differences in the activities of eight enzymes from ten soil fungi and their possible influences on the surface structure, functional groups, and element composition of soil colloids. 25398013 3 81 dep fungi 706:710 arg1 rutilus 724:730 Gomphidius rutilus 713:730 Gomphidius rutilus 713:730 Some fungi (Gomphidius rutilus, Russula integra, Pholiota adiposa, and Geastrum mammosum) secreted 3-4 enzymes with weak activities, while others (Cyathus striatus, Suillus granulate, Phallus impudicus, Collybia dryophila, Agaricus sylvicola, and Lactarius deliciosus) could secret over 5 enzymes with high activities. 25398013 3 81 dep fungi 706:710 arg1 integra 741:747 integra 741:747 integra 741:747 Some fungi (Gomphidius rutilus, Russula integra, Pholiota adiposa, and Geastrum mammosum) secreted 3-4 enzymes with weak activities, while others (Cyathus striatus, Suillus granulate, Phallus impudicus, Collybia dryophila, Agaricus sylvicola, and Lactarius deliciosus) could secret over 5 enzymes with high activities. 25398013 3 81 dep fungi 706:710 arg1 adiposa 759:765 adiposa 759:765 adiposa 759:765 Some fungi (Gomphidius rutilus, Russula integra, Pholiota adiposa, and Geastrum mammosum) secreted 3-4 enzymes with weak activities, while others (Cyathus striatus, Suillus granulate, Phallus impudicus, Collybia dryophila, Agaricus sylvicola, and Lactarius deliciosus) could secret over 5 enzymes with high activities. 25398013 3 81 dep fungi 706:710 arg1 Geastrum 772:779 Geastrum 772:779 Geastrum 772:779 Some fungi (Gomphidius rutilus, Russula integra, Pholiota adiposa, and Geastrum mammosum) secreted 3-4 enzymes with weak activities, while others (Cyathus striatus, Suillus granulate, Phallus impudicus, Collybia dryophila, Agaricus sylvicola, and Lactarius deliciosus) could secret over 5 enzymes with high activities. 25398013 6 82 theme inter-fungi 1550:1560 arg1 differences 1562:1572 inter-fungi differences 1550:1572 inter-fungi differences in EEA types and activities 1550:1600 Our findings indicate that inter-fungi differences in EEA types and activities might be responsible for physical and chemical changes in soil colloids (the most active component of soil matrix), highlighting the important roles of soil fungi in soil nutrient cycling and functional maintenance. 25398013 1 83 theme soil 333:336 arg1 colloids 338:345 soil colloids 333:345 soil colloids 333:345 How soil fungi function in soil carbon and nutrient cycling is not well understood by using fungal enzymatic differences and their interactions with soil colloids. 25398013 5 84 dep fungi 1455:1459 arg1 striatus 1465:1472 C. striatus 1462:1472 C. striatus 1462:1472 Moreover, more evident changes were generally in high enzymatic fungi (C. striatus) compared with low enzymatic fungi (G. rutilus). 25398013 3 85 theme Suillus 866:872 arg1 granulate 874:882 Suillus granulate 866:882 Suillus granulate 866:882 Some fungi (Gomphidius rutilus, Russula integra, Pholiota adiposa, and Geastrum mammosum) secreted 3-4 enzymes with weak activities, while others (Cyathus striatus, Suillus granulate, Phallus impudicus, Collybia dryophila, Agaricus sylvicola, and Lactarius deliciosus) could secret over 5 enzymes with high activities. 25398013 2 86 theme carboxymethyl 394:406 arg1 cellulase 408:416 carboxymethyl cellulase 394:416 carboxymethyl cellulase 394:416 Eight extracellular enzymes, EEAs (chitinase, carboxymethyl cellulase, β-glucosidase, protease, acid phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase, laccase, and guaiacol oxidase) secreted by ten fungi were compared, and then the fungi that showed low and high enzymatic activity were co-cultured with soil colloids for the purpose of finding fungi-soil interactions. 25398013 2 86 theme carboxymethyl 394:406 arg1 EEAs 377:380 EEAs 377:380 EEAs (chitinase, carboxymethyl cellulase, β-glucosidase, protease, acid phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase, laccase, and guaiacol oxidase) 377:511 Eight extracellular enzymes, EEAs (chitinase, carboxymethyl cellulase, β-glucosidase, protease, acid phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase, laccase, and guaiacol oxidase) secreted by ten fungi were compared, and then the fungi that showed low and high enzymatic activity were co-cultured with soil colloids for the purpose of finding fungi-soil interactions. 25398013 6 87 theme nutrient 1773:1780 arg1 cycling 1782:1788 soil nutrient cycling 1768:1788 soil nutrient cycling 1768:1788 Our findings indicate that inter-fungi differences in EEA types and activities might be responsible for physical and chemical changes in soil colloids (the most active component of soil matrix), highlighting the important roles of soil fungi in soil nutrient cycling and functional maintenance. 25398013 2 88 dep EEAs 377:380 arg1 laccase 482:488 laccase 482:488 laccase 482:488 Eight extracellular enzymes, EEAs (chitinase, carboxymethyl cellulase, β-glucosidase, protease, acid phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase, laccase, and guaiacol oxidase) secreted by ten fungi were compared, and then the fungi that showed low and high enzymatic activity were co-cultured with soil colloids for the purpose of finding fungi-soil interactions. 25398013 2 88 dep EEAs 377:380 arg1 cellulase 408:416 carboxymethyl cellulase 394:416 carboxymethyl cellulase 394:416 Eight extracellular enzymes, EEAs (chitinase, carboxymethyl cellulase, β-glucosidase, protease, acid phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase, laccase, and guaiacol oxidase) secreted by ten fungi were compared, and then the fungi that showed low and high enzymatic activity were co-cultured with soil colloids for the purpose of finding fungi-soil interactions. 25398013 2 88 dep EEAs 377:380 arg1 phosphatase 449:459 acid phosphatase 444:459 acid phosphatase 444:459 Eight extracellular enzymes, EEAs (chitinase, carboxymethyl cellulase, β-glucosidase, protease, acid phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase, laccase, and guaiacol oxidase) secreted by ten fungi were compared, and then the fungi that showed low and high enzymatic activity were co-cultured with soil colloids for the purpose of finding fungi-soil interactions. 25398013 2 88 dep EEAs 377:380 arg1 β-glucosidase 419:431 β-glucosidase 419:431 β-glucosidase 419:431 Eight extracellular enzymes, EEAs (chitinase, carboxymethyl cellulase, β-glucosidase, protease, acid phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase, laccase, and guaiacol oxidase) secreted by ten fungi were compared, and then the fungi that showed low and high enzymatic activity were co-cultured with soil colloids for the purpose of finding fungi-soil interactions. 25398013 2 88 dep EEAs 377:380 arg1 EEAs 377:380 EEAs 377:380 EEAs (chitinase, carboxymethyl cellulase, β-glucosidase, protease, acid phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase, laccase, and guaiacol oxidase) 377:511 Eight extracellular enzymes, EEAs (chitinase, carboxymethyl cellulase, β-glucosidase, protease, acid phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase, laccase, and guaiacol oxidase) secreted by ten fungi were compared, and then the fungi that showed low and high enzymatic activity were co-cultured with soil colloids for the purpose of finding fungi-soil interactions. 25398013 2 88 dep EEAs 377:380 arg1 oxidase 473:479 polyphenol oxidase 462:479 polyphenol oxidase 462:479 Eight extracellular enzymes, EEAs (chitinase, carboxymethyl cellulase, β-glucosidase, protease, acid phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase, laccase, and guaiacol oxidase) secreted by ten fungi were compared, and then the fungi that showed low and high enzymatic activity were co-cultured with soil colloids for the purpose of finding fungi-soil interactions. 25398013 2 88 dep EEAs 377:380 arg1 chitinase 383:391 chitinase 383:391 chitinase 383:391 Eight extracellular enzymes, EEAs (chitinase, carboxymethyl cellulase, β-glucosidase, protease, acid phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase, laccase, and guaiacol oxidase) secreted by ten fungi were compared, and then the fungi that showed low and high enzymatic activity were co-cultured with soil colloids for the purpose of finding fungi-soil interactions. 25398013 2 88 dep EEAs 377:380 arg1 oxidase 504:510 guaiacol oxidase 495:510 guaiacol oxidase 495:510 Eight extracellular enzymes, EEAs (chitinase, carboxymethyl cellulase, β-glucosidase, protease, acid phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase, laccase, and guaiacol oxidase) secreted by ten fungi were compared, and then the fungi that showed low and high enzymatic activity were co-cultured with soil colloids for the purpose of finding fungi-soil interactions. 25398013 2 88 dep EEAs 377:380 arg1 protease 434:441 protease 434:441 protease 434:441 Eight extracellular enzymes, EEAs (chitinase, carboxymethyl cellulase, β-glucosidase, protease, acid phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase, laccase, and guaiacol oxidase) secreted by ten fungi were compared, and then the fungi that showed low and high enzymatic activity were co-cultured with soil colloids for the purpose of finding fungi-soil interactions. 25398013 5 89 theme G. 1510:1511 arg1 fungi 1503:1507 low enzymatic fungi 1489:1507 low enzymatic fungi (G. rutilus) 1489:1520 Moreover, more evident changes were generally in high enzymatic fungi (C. striatus) compared with low enzymatic fungi (G. rutilus). 25398013 5 89 theme G. 1510:1511 arg1 rutilus 1513:1519 G. rutilus 1510:1519 G. rutilus 1510:1519 Moreover, more evident changes were generally in high enzymatic fungi (C. striatus) compared with low enzymatic fungi (G. rutilus). 25398013 1 90 theme enzymatic 283:291 arg1 differences 293:303 fungal enzymatic differences 276:303 fungal enzymatic differences 276:303 How soil fungi function in soil carbon and nutrient cycling is not well understood by using fungal enzymatic differences and their interactions with soil colloids. 25398013 1 91 theme soil 211:214 arg1 carbon 216:221 soil carbon 211:221 soil carbon 211:221 How soil fungi function in soil carbon and nutrient cycling is not well understood by using fungal enzymatic differences and their interactions with soil colloids. 27220912 5 0 dep contained 600:608 arg1 iso-C17  657:664 iso-C17  657:664 iso-C17  657:664 CZ1127T contained MK-6 as the sole menaquinone, and iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH as its major fatty acids. 27220912 5 0 dep contained 600:608 arg1  0 653:654  0 653:654  0 653:654 CZ1127T contained MK-6 as the sole menaquinone, and iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH as its major fatty acids. 27220912 2 1 theme Gram-staining-negative 118:139 arg1 strain 232:237 A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterial strain 116:237 A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterial strain 116:237 A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterial strain, designated as strain CZ1127T, capable of utilizing sulfated fucan, was isolated from shallow coastal seawater of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, PR China. 27220912 7 2 theme Phylogenetic 797:808 arg1 analysis 810:817 Phylogenetic analysis 797:817 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene 797:844 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain CZ1127T clustered with members of the genus Wenyingzhuangia and was closely related to Wenyingzhuangia marina CGMCC 1.12162T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Wenyingzhuangia gracilariae KCTC 42246T (96.1 %). 27220912 5 3 theme fatty 731:735 arg1 acids 737:741 its major fatty acids 721:741 its major fatty acids 721:741 CZ1127T contained MK-6 as the sole menaquinone, and iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH as its major fatty acids. 27220912 9 4 theme phenotypic 1202:1211 arg1 data 1246:1249 the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1198:1249 the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1198:1249 On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, CZ1127T represents a novel species of the genus Wenyingzhuangia, for which the name Wenyingzhuangia fucanilytica sp. 27220912 4 5 dep optimum 507:513 arg1 pH 516:517 pH 6.5-7.5 516:525 pH 6.5-7.5 516:525 CZ1127T grew at 15-37 °C (optimum, 25 °C), pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.5) and in the presence of 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl [optimum, 0-3 % (w/v)]. 27220912 11 6 theme AB 1422:1423 arg1 42864T 1439:1444 =CCTCC AB 2015089T=KCTC 42864T 1415:1444 =CCTCC AB 2015089T=KCTC 42864T 1415:1444 The type strain is CZ1127T (=CCTCC AB 2015089T=KCTC 42864T). 27220912 11 6 theme AB 1422:1423 arg1 CZ1127T 1406:1412 CZ1127T 1406:1412 CZ1127T (=CCTCC AB 2015089T=KCTC 42864T) 1406:1445 The type strain is CZ1127T (=CCTCC AB 2015089T=KCTC 42864T). 27220912 4 7 dep % 555:555 arg1 w/v 558:560 w/v 558:560 w/v 558:560 CZ1127T grew at 15-37 °C (optimum, 25 °C), pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.5) and in the presence of 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl [optimum, 0-3 % (w/v)]. 27220912 7 8 theme KCTC 1068:1071 arg1 42246T 1073:1078 Wenyingzhuangia gracilariae KCTC 42246T 1040:1078 Wenyingzhuangia gracilariae KCTC 42246T (96.1 %) 1040:1087 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain CZ1127T clustered with members of the genus Wenyingzhuangia and was closely related to Wenyingzhuangia marina CGMCC 1.12162T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Wenyingzhuangia gracilariae KCTC 42246T (96.1 %). 27220912 7 8 theme KCTC 1068:1071 arg1 % 1086:1086 96.1 % 1081:1086 96.1 % 1081:1086 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain CZ1127T clustered with members of the genus Wenyingzhuangia and was closely related to Wenyingzhuangia marina CGMCC 1.12162T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Wenyingzhuangia gracilariae KCTC 42246T (96.1 %). 27220912 4 9 dep grew 460:463 arg1 % 582:582 0-3 % 578:582 0-3 % (w/v) 578:588 CZ1127T grew at 15-37 °C (optimum, 25 °C), pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.5) and in the presence of 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl [optimum, 0-3 % (w/v)]. 27220912 4 9 dep grew 460:463 arg1 w/v 585:587 w/v 585:587 w/v 585:587 CZ1127T grew at 15-37 °C (optimum, 25 °C), pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.5) and in the presence of 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl [optimum, 0-3 % (w/v)]. 27220912 5 10 theme sole 622:625 arg1 menaquinone 627:637 the sole menaquinone 618:637 the sole menaquinone 618:637 CZ1127T contained MK-6 as the sole menaquinone, and iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH as its major fatty acids. 27220912 11 11 theme 2015089T=KCTC 1425:1437 arg1 42864T 1439:1444 =CCTCC AB 2015089T=KCTC 42864T 1415:1444 =CCTCC AB 2015089T=KCTC 42864T 1415:1444 The type strain is CZ1127T (=CCTCC AB 2015089T=KCTC 42864T). 27220912 11 11 theme 2015089T=KCTC 1425:1437 arg1 CZ1127T 1406:1412 CZ1127T 1406:1412 CZ1127T (=CCTCC AB 2015089T=KCTC 42864T) 1406:1445 The type strain is CZ1127T (=CCTCC AB 2015089T=KCTC 42864T). 27220912 5 12 theme major 725:729 arg1 acids 737:741 its major fatty acids 721:741 its major fatty acids 721:741 CZ1127T contained MK-6 as the sole menaquinone, and iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH as its major fatty acids. 27220912 9 13 theme chemotaxonomic 1214:1227 arg1 data 1246:1249 the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1198:1249 the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1198:1249 On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, CZ1127T represents a novel species of the genus Wenyingzhuangia, for which the name Wenyingzhuangia fucanilytica sp. 27220912 7 14 theme sequence 1015:1022 arg1 1.12162T 984:991 Wenyingzhuangia marina CGMCC 1.12162T 955:991 Wenyingzhuangia marina CGMCC 1.12162T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 955:1034 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain CZ1127T clustered with members of the genus Wenyingzhuangia and was closely related to Wenyingzhuangia marina CGMCC 1.12162T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Wenyingzhuangia gracilariae KCTC 42246T (96.1 %). 27220912 7 14 theme sequence 1015:1022 arg1 similarity 1024:1033 97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 994:1033 97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 994:1033 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain CZ1127T clustered with members of the genus Wenyingzhuangia and was closely related to Wenyingzhuangia marina CGMCC 1.12162T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Wenyingzhuangia gracilariae KCTC 42246T (96.1 %). 27220912 8 15 theme marina 1144:1149 arg1 1.12162T 1157:1164 W. marina CGMCC 1.12162T 1141:1164 W. marina CGMCC 1.12162T 1141:1164 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain CZ1127T and W. marina CGMCC 1.12162T was 41.9±1.5 %. 27220912 7 16 theme gracilariae 1056:1066 arg1 42246T 1073:1078 Wenyingzhuangia gracilariae KCTC 42246T 1040:1078 Wenyingzhuangia gracilariae KCTC 42246T (96.1 %) 1040:1087 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain CZ1127T clustered with members of the genus Wenyingzhuangia and was closely related to Wenyingzhuangia marina CGMCC 1.12162T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Wenyingzhuangia gracilariae KCTC 42246T (96.1 %). 27220912 7 16 theme gracilariae 1056:1066 arg1 % 1086:1086 96.1 % 1081:1086 96.1 % 1081:1086 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain CZ1127T clustered with members of the genus Wenyingzhuangia and was closely related to Wenyingzhuangia marina CGMCC 1.12162T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Wenyingzhuangia gracilariae KCTC 42246T (96.1 %). 27220912 9 17 theme Wenyingzhuangia 1300:1314 arg1 species 1279:1285 a novel species 1271:1285 a novel species 1271:1285 On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, CZ1127T represents a novel species of the genus Wenyingzhuangia, for which the name Wenyingzhuangia fucanilytica sp. 27220912 7 18 theme 16S 1001:1003 arg1 1.12162T 984:991 Wenyingzhuangia marina CGMCC 1.12162T 955:991 Wenyingzhuangia marina CGMCC 1.12162T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 955:1034 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain CZ1127T clustered with members of the genus Wenyingzhuangia and was closely related to Wenyingzhuangia marina CGMCC 1.12162T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Wenyingzhuangia gracilariae KCTC 42246T (96.1 %). 27220912 7 18 theme 16S 1001:1003 arg1 similarity 1024:1033 97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 994:1033 97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 994:1033 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain CZ1127T clustered with members of the genus Wenyingzhuangia and was closely related to Wenyingzhuangia marina CGMCC 1.12162T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Wenyingzhuangia gracilariae KCTC 42246T (96.1 %). 27220912 8 19 theme DNA-DNA 1094:1100 arg1 relatedness 1102:1112 The DNA-DNA relatedness 1090:1112 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain CZ1127T and W. marina CGMCC 1.12162T 1090:1164 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain CZ1127T and W. marina CGMCC 1.12162T was 41.9±1.5 %. 27220912 8 19 theme DNA-DNA 1094:1100 arg1 % 1179:1179 41.9±1.5 % 1170:1179 41.9±1.5 % 1170:1179 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain CZ1127T and W. marina CGMCC 1.12162T was 41.9±1.5 %. 27220912 7 20 theme genus 906:910 arg1 Wenyingzhuangia 912:926 the genus Wenyingzhuangia 902:926 the genus Wenyingzhuangia 902:926 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain CZ1127T clustered with members of the genus Wenyingzhuangia and was closely related to Wenyingzhuangia marina CGMCC 1.12162T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Wenyingzhuangia gracilariae KCTC 42246T (96.1 %). 27220912 2 21 theme sulfated 291:298 arg1 fucan 300:304 sulfated fucan 291:304 sulfated fucan 291:304 A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterial strain, designated as strain CZ1127T, capable of utilizing sulfated fucan, was isolated from shallow coastal seawater of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, PR China. 27220912 3 22 theme polyphasic 431:440 arg1 approach 442:449 a polyphasic approach 429:449 a polyphasic approach 429:449 Its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic approach. 27220912 7 23 theme rRNA 1005:1008 arg1 1.12162T 984:991 Wenyingzhuangia marina CGMCC 1.12162T 955:991 Wenyingzhuangia marina CGMCC 1.12162T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 955:1034 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain CZ1127T clustered with members of the genus Wenyingzhuangia and was closely related to Wenyingzhuangia marina CGMCC 1.12162T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Wenyingzhuangia gracilariae KCTC 42246T (96.1 %). 27220912 7 23 theme rRNA 1005:1008 arg1 similarity 1024:1033 97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 994:1033 97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 994:1033 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain CZ1127T clustered with members of the genus Wenyingzhuangia and was closely related to Wenyingzhuangia marina CGMCC 1.12162T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Wenyingzhuangia gracilariae KCTC 42246T (96.1 %). 27220912 7 24 theme Wenyingzhuangia 912:926 arg1 members 891:897 members 891:897 members of the genus Wenyingzhuangia 891:926 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain CZ1127T clustered with members of the genus Wenyingzhuangia and was closely related to Wenyingzhuangia marina CGMCC 1.12162T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Wenyingzhuangia gracilariae KCTC 42246T (96.1 %). 27220912 7 25 theme gene 1010:1013 arg1 1.12162T 984:991 Wenyingzhuangia marina CGMCC 1.12162T 955:991 Wenyingzhuangia marina CGMCC 1.12162T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 955:1034 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain CZ1127T clustered with members of the genus Wenyingzhuangia and was closely related to Wenyingzhuangia marina CGMCC 1.12162T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Wenyingzhuangia gracilariae KCTC 42246T (96.1 %). 27220912 7 25 theme gene 1010:1013 arg1 similarity 1024:1033 97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 994:1033 97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 994:1033 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain CZ1127T clustered with members of the genus Wenyingzhuangia and was closely related to Wenyingzhuangia marina CGMCC 1.12162T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Wenyingzhuangia gracilariae KCTC 42246T (96.1 %). 27220912 2 26 dep Qingdao 367:373 arg1 China 379:383 PR China 376:383 PR China 376:383 A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterial strain, designated as strain CZ1127T, capable of utilizing sulfated fucan, was isolated from shallow coastal seawater of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, PR China. 27220912 5 27 theme  0 710:711 arg1 3-OH 713:716  0 3-OH 710:716  0 3-OH as its major fatty acids 710:741 CZ1127T contained MK-6 as the sole menaquinone, and iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH as its major fatty acids. 27220912 0 28 theme fucanilytica 16:27 arg1 sp 29:30 Wenyingzhuangia fucanilytica sp 0:30 Wenyingzhuangia fucanilytica sp. 0:31 Wenyingzhuangia fucanilytica sp. 27220912 2 29 theme rod-shaped 142:151 arg1 strain 232:237 A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterial strain 116:237 A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterial strain 116:237 A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterial strain, designated as strain CZ1127T, capable of utilizing sulfated fucan, was isolated from shallow coastal seawater of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, PR China. 27220912 2 30 theme shallow 325:331 arg1 seawater 341:348 shallow coastal seawater 325:348 shallow coastal seawater of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, PR China 325:383 A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterial strain, designated as strain CZ1127T, capable of utilizing sulfated fucan, was isolated from shallow coastal seawater of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, PR China. 27220912 0 31 theme Wenyingzhuangia 0:14 arg1 sp 29:30 Wenyingzhuangia fucanilytica sp 0:30 Wenyingzhuangia fucanilytica sp. 0:31 Wenyingzhuangia fucanilytica sp. 27220912 1 32 theme shallow 90:96 arg1 seawater 106:113 shallow coastal seawater 90:113 shallow coastal seawater 90:113 nov., a sulfated fucan utilizing bacterium isolated from shallow coastal seawater. 27220912 2 33 theme PR 376:377 arg1 China 379:383 PR China 376:383 PR China 376:383 A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterial strain, designated as strain CZ1127T, capable of utilizing sulfated fucan, was isolated from shallow coastal seawater of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, PR China. 27220912 4 34 dep optimum 478:484 arg1 25 °C 487:491 25 °C 487:491 25 °C 487:491 CZ1127T grew at 15-37 °C (optimum, 25 °C), pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.5) and in the presence of 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl [optimum, 0-3 % (w/v)]. 27220912 5 35 dep  0 653:654 arg1 C16  675:678 C16  675:678 C16  675:678 CZ1127T contained MK-6 as the sole menaquinone, and iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH as its major fatty acids. 27220912 5 35 dep  0 653:654 arg1 iso-C15  701:708 iso-C15  701:708 iso-C15  701:708 CZ1127T contained MK-6 as the sole menaquinone, and iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH as its major fatty acids. 27220912 5 35 dep  0 653:654 arg1 3-OH 713:716  0 3-OH 710:716  0 3-OH as its major fatty acids 710:741 CZ1127T contained MK-6 as the sole menaquinone, and iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH as its major fatty acids. 27220912 5 35 dep  0 653:654 arg1  1ω6c 691:695  1ω6c 691:695  1ω6c 691:695 CZ1127T contained MK-6 as the sole menaquinone, and iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH as its major fatty acids. 27220912 5 35 dep  0 653:654 arg1  1ω7c/C16  680:689  1ω7c/C16  680:689  1ω7c/C16  680:689 CZ1127T contained MK-6 as the sole menaquinone, and iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH as its major fatty acids. 27220912 9 36 theme phylogenetic 1233:1244 arg1 data 1246:1249 the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1198:1249 the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1198:1249 On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, CZ1127T represents a novel species of the genus Wenyingzhuangia, for which the name Wenyingzhuangia fucanilytica sp. 27220912 1 37 theme coastal 98:104 arg1 seawater 106:113 shallow coastal seawater 90:113 shallow coastal seawater 90:113 nov., a sulfated fucan utilizing bacterium isolated from shallow coastal seawater. 27220912 4 38 theme NaCl 563:566 arg1 [optimum 568:575 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl [optimum 551:575 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl [optimum 551:575 CZ1127T grew at 15-37 °C (optimum, 25 °C), pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.5) and in the presence of 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl [optimum, 0-3 % (w/v)]. 27220912 9 39 theme fucanilytica 1352:1363 arg1 sp 1365:1366 the name Wenyingzhuangia fucanilytica sp 1327:1366 the name Wenyingzhuangia fucanilytica sp 1327:1366 On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, CZ1127T represents a novel species of the genus Wenyingzhuangia, for which the name Wenyingzhuangia fucanilytica sp. 27220912 2 40 theme non-gliding 189:199 arg1 strain 232:237 A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterial strain 116:237 A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterial strain 116:237 A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterial strain, designated as strain CZ1127T, capable of utilizing sulfated fucan, was isolated from shallow coastal seawater of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, PR China. 27220912 6 41 theme DNA 748:750 arg1 content 756:762 The DNA G+C content 744:762 The DNA G+C content of strain CZ1127T 744:780 The DNA G+C content of strain CZ1127T was 32.2 mol%. 27220912 6 41 theme DNA 748:750 arg1 % 794:794 32.2 mol% 786:794 32.2 mol% 786:794 The DNA G+C content of strain CZ1127T was 32.2 mol%. 27220912 7 42 theme marina 971:976 arg1 similarity 1024:1033 97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 994:1033 97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 994:1033 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain CZ1127T clustered with members of the genus Wenyingzhuangia and was closely related to Wenyingzhuangia marina CGMCC 1.12162T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Wenyingzhuangia gracilariae KCTC 42246T (96.1 %). 27220912 7 42 theme marina 971:976 arg1 1.12162T 984:991 Wenyingzhuangia marina CGMCC 1.12162T 955:991 Wenyingzhuangia marina CGMCC 1.12162T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 955:1034 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain CZ1127T clustered with members of the genus Wenyingzhuangia and was closely related to Wenyingzhuangia marina CGMCC 1.12162T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Wenyingzhuangia gracilariae KCTC 42246T (96.1 %). 27220912 2 43 attach isolated 311:318 arg2 strain 232:237 A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterial strain 116:237 A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterial strain 116:237 A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterial strain, designated as strain CZ1127T, capable of utilizing sulfated fucan, was isolated from shallow coastal seawater of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, PR China. 27220912 2 43 attach isolated 311:318 arg1 seawater 341:348 shallow coastal seawater 325:348 shallow coastal seawater of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, PR China 325:383 A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterial strain, designated as strain CZ1127T, capable of utilizing sulfated fucan, was isolated from shallow coastal seawater of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, PR China. 27220912 7 44 theme % 999:999 arg1 1.12162T 984:991 Wenyingzhuangia marina CGMCC 1.12162T 955:991 Wenyingzhuangia marina CGMCC 1.12162T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 955:1034 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain CZ1127T clustered with members of the genus Wenyingzhuangia and was closely related to Wenyingzhuangia marina CGMCC 1.12162T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Wenyingzhuangia gracilariae KCTC 42246T (96.1 %). 27220912 7 44 theme % 999:999 arg1 similarity 1024:1033 97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 994:1033 97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 994:1033 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain CZ1127T clustered with members of the genus Wenyingzhuangia and was closely related to Wenyingzhuangia marina CGMCC 1.12162T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Wenyingzhuangia gracilariae KCTC 42246T (96.1 %). 27220912 2 45 theme strain 254:259 arg1 CZ1127T 261:267 strain CZ1127T 254:267 strain CZ1127T 254:267 A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterial strain, designated as strain CZ1127T, capable of utilizing sulfated fucan, was isolated from shallow coastal seawater of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, PR China. 27220912 9 46 theme novel 1273:1277 arg1 species 1279:1285 a novel species 1271:1285 a novel species 1271:1285 On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, CZ1127T represents a novel species of the genus Wenyingzhuangia, for which the name Wenyingzhuangia fucanilytica sp. 27220912 7 47 theme CGMCC 978:982 arg1 similarity 1024:1033 97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 994:1033 97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 994:1033 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain CZ1127T clustered with members of the genus Wenyingzhuangia and was closely related to Wenyingzhuangia marina CGMCC 1.12162T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Wenyingzhuangia gracilariae KCTC 42246T (96.1 %). 27220912 7 47 theme CGMCC 978:982 arg1 1.12162T 984:991 Wenyingzhuangia marina CGMCC 1.12162T 955:991 Wenyingzhuangia marina CGMCC 1.12162T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 955:1034 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain CZ1127T clustered with members of the genus Wenyingzhuangia and was closely related to Wenyingzhuangia marina CGMCC 1.12162T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Wenyingzhuangia gracilariae KCTC 42246T (96.1 %). 27220912 5 48 contain contained 600:608 arg2 MK-6 610:613 MK-6 610:613 MK-6 610:613 CZ1127T contained MK-6 as the sole menaquinone, and iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH as its major fatty acids. 27220912 5 48 contain contained 600:608 arg1 CZ1127T 592:598 CZ1127T 592:598 CZ1127T 592:598 CZ1127T contained MK-6 as the sole menaquinone, and iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH as its major fatty acids. 27220912 5 48 contain contained 600:608 arg2 iso-C15  644:651 iso-C15  644:651 iso-C15  644:651 CZ1127T contained MK-6 as the sole menaquinone, and iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH as its major fatty acids. 27220912 2 49 theme non-flagellated 172:186 arg1 strain 232:237 A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterial strain 116:237 A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterial strain 116:237 A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterial strain, designated as strain CZ1127T, capable of utilizing sulfated fucan, was isolated from shallow coastal seawater of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, PR China. 27220912 7 50 theme 16S 832:834 arg1 gene 841:844 the 16S rRNA gene 828:844 the 16S rRNA gene 828:844 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain CZ1127T clustered with members of the genus Wenyingzhuangia and was closely related to Wenyingzhuangia marina CGMCC 1.12162T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Wenyingzhuangia gracilariae KCTC 42246T (96.1 %). 27220912 4 51 theme [optimum 568:575 arg1 presence 539:546 the presence 535:546 the presence of 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl [optimum 535:575 CZ1127T grew at 15-37 °C (optimum, 25 °C), pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.5) and in the presence of 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl [optimum, 0-3 % (w/v)]. 27220912 3 52 theme taxonomic 390:398 arg1 position 400:407 Its taxonomic position 386:407 Its taxonomic position 386:407 Its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic approach. 27220912 6 53 theme strain 767:772 arg1 CZ1127T 774:780 strain CZ1127T 767:780 strain CZ1127T 767:780 The DNA G+C content of strain CZ1127T was 32.2 mol%. 27220912 8 54 theme CGMCC 1151:1155 arg1 1.12162T 1157:1164 W. marina CGMCC 1.12162T 1141:1164 W. marina CGMCC 1.12162T 1141:1164 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain CZ1127T and W. marina CGMCC 1.12162T was 41.9±1.5 %. 27220912 6 55 theme mol 791:793 arg1 content 756:762 The DNA G+C content 744:762 The DNA G+C content of strain CZ1127T 744:780 The DNA G+C content of strain CZ1127T was 32.2 mol%. 27220912 6 55 theme mol 791:793 arg1 % 794:794 32.2 mol% 786:794 32.2 mol% 786:794 The DNA G+C content of strain CZ1127T was 32.2 mol%. 27220912 7 56 theme rRNA 836:839 arg1 gene 841:844 the 16S rRNA gene 828:844 the 16S rRNA gene 828:844 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain CZ1127T clustered with members of the genus Wenyingzhuangia and was closely related to Wenyingzhuangia marina CGMCC 1.12162T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Wenyingzhuangia gracilariae KCTC 42246T (96.1 %). 27220912 8 57 theme strain 1122:1127 arg1 CZ1127T 1129:1135 strain CZ1127T 1122:1135 strain CZ1127T 1122:1135 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain CZ1127T and W. marina CGMCC 1.12162T was 41.9±1.5 %. 27220912 7 58 theme Wenyingzhuangia 955:969 arg1 similarity 1024:1033 97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 994:1033 97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 994:1033 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain CZ1127T clustered with members of the genus Wenyingzhuangia and was closely related to Wenyingzhuangia marina CGMCC 1.12162T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Wenyingzhuangia gracilariae KCTC 42246T (96.1 %). 27220912 7 58 theme Wenyingzhuangia 955:969 arg1 1.12162T 984:991 Wenyingzhuangia marina CGMCC 1.12162T 955:991 Wenyingzhuangia marina CGMCC 1.12162T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 955:1034 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain CZ1127T clustered with members of the genus Wenyingzhuangia and was closely related to Wenyingzhuangia marina CGMCC 1.12162T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Wenyingzhuangia gracilariae KCTC 42246T (96.1 %). 27220912 9 59 theme name 1331:1334 arg1 sp 1365:1366 the name Wenyingzhuangia fucanilytica sp 1327:1366 the name Wenyingzhuangia fucanilytica sp 1327:1366 On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, CZ1127T represents a novel species of the genus Wenyingzhuangia, for which the name Wenyingzhuangia fucanilytica sp. 27220912 9 60 dep data 1246:1249 arg1 the 1185:1187 the 1185:1187 the 1185:1187 On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, CZ1127T represents a novel species of the genus Wenyingzhuangia, for which the name Wenyingzhuangia fucanilytica sp. 27220912 9 60 dep data 1246:1249 arg1 basis 1189:1193 basis 1189:1193 basis 1189:1193 On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, CZ1127T represents a novel species of the genus Wenyingzhuangia, for which the name Wenyingzhuangia fucanilytica sp. 27220912 11 61 theme type 1391:1394 arg1 CZ1127T 1406:1412 CZ1127T 1406:1412 CZ1127T (=CCTCC AB 2015089T=KCTC 42864T) 1406:1445 The type strain is CZ1127T (=CCTCC AB 2015089T=KCTC 42864T). 27220912 11 61 theme type 1391:1394 arg1 strain 1396:1401 The type strain 1387:1401 The type strain 1387:1401 The type strain is CZ1127T (=CCTCC AB 2015089T=KCTC 42864T). 27220912 2 62 dep Gram-staining-negative 118:139 arg1 aerobic 163:169 aerobic 163:169 aerobic 163:169 A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterial strain, designated as strain CZ1127T, capable of utilizing sulfated fucan, was isolated from shallow coastal seawater of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, PR China. 27220912 6 63 theme CZ1127T 774:780 arg1 content 756:762 The DNA G+C content 744:762 The DNA G+C content of strain CZ1127T 744:780 The DNA G+C content of strain CZ1127T was 32.2 mol%. 27220912 6 63 theme CZ1127T 774:780 arg1 % 794:794 32.2 mol% 786:794 32.2 mol% 786:794 The DNA G+C content of strain CZ1127T was 32.2 mol%. 27220912 2 64 theme bacterial 222:230 arg1 strain 232:237 A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterial strain 116:237 A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterial strain 116:237 A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterial strain, designated as strain CZ1127T, capable of utilizing sulfated fucan, was isolated from shallow coastal seawater of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, PR China. 27220912 9 65 theme genus 1294:1298 arg1 Wenyingzhuangia 1300:1314 the genus Wenyingzhuangia 1290:1314 the genus Wenyingzhuangia 1290:1314 On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, CZ1127T represents a novel species of the genus Wenyingzhuangia, for which the name Wenyingzhuangia fucanilytica sp. 27220912 4 66 theme % 555:555 arg1 [optimum 568:575 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl [optimum 551:575 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl [optimum 551:575 CZ1127T grew at 15-37 °C (optimum, 25 °C), pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.5) and in the presence of 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl [optimum, 0-3 % (w/v)]. 27220912 2 67 theme yellow-pigmented 205:220 arg1 strain 232:237 A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterial strain 116:237 A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterial strain 116:237 A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterial strain, designated as strain CZ1127T, capable of utilizing sulfated fucan, was isolated from shallow coastal seawater of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, PR China. 27220912 2 68 theme capable 270:276 arg1 strain 232:237 A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterial strain 116:237 A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterial strain 116:237 A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterial strain, designated as strain CZ1127T, capable of utilizing sulfated fucan, was isolated from shallow coastal seawater of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, PR China. 27220912 2 69 theme coastal 333:339 arg1 seawater 341:348 shallow coastal seawater 325:348 shallow coastal seawater of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, PR China 325:383 A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterial strain, designated as strain CZ1127T, capable of utilizing sulfated fucan, was isolated from shallow coastal seawater of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, PR China. 27220912 8 70 theme W. 1141:1142 arg1 1.12162T 1157:1164 W. marina CGMCC 1.12162T 1141:1164 W. marina CGMCC 1.12162T 1141:1164 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain CZ1127T and W. marina CGMCC 1.12162T was 41.9±1.5 %. 27220912 4 71 theme 0-4  551:554 arg1 % 555:555 % 555:555 % 555:555 CZ1127T grew at 15-37 °C (optimum, 25 °C), pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.5) and in the presence of 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl [optimum, 0-3 % (w/v)]. 27220912 11 72 theme =CCTCC 1415:1420 arg1 42864T 1439:1444 =CCTCC AB 2015089T=KCTC 42864T 1415:1444 =CCTCC AB 2015089T=KCTC 42864T 1415:1444 The type strain is CZ1127T (=CCTCC AB 2015089T=KCTC 42864T). 27220912 11 72 theme =CCTCC 1415:1420 arg1 CZ1127T 1406:1412 CZ1127T 1406:1412 CZ1127T (=CCTCC AB 2015089T=KCTC 42864T) 1406:1445 The type strain is CZ1127T (=CCTCC AB 2015089T=KCTC 42864T). 27220912 9 73 theme Wenyingzhuangia 1336:1350 arg1 sp 1365:1366 the name Wenyingzhuangia fucanilytica sp 1327:1366 the name Wenyingzhuangia fucanilytica sp 1327:1366 On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, CZ1127T represents a novel species of the genus Wenyingzhuangia, for which the name Wenyingzhuangia fucanilytica sp. 27220912 7 74 theme Wenyingzhuangia 1040:1054 arg1 42246T 1073:1078 Wenyingzhuangia gracilariae KCTC 42246T 1040:1078 Wenyingzhuangia gracilariae KCTC 42246T (96.1 %) 1040:1087 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain CZ1127T clustered with members of the genus Wenyingzhuangia and was closely related to Wenyingzhuangia marina CGMCC 1.12162T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Wenyingzhuangia gracilariae KCTC 42246T (96.1 %). 27220912 7 74 theme Wenyingzhuangia 1040:1054 arg1 % 1086:1086 96.1 % 1081:1086 96.1 % 1081:1086 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain CZ1127T clustered with members of the genus Wenyingzhuangia and was closely related to Wenyingzhuangia marina CGMCC 1.12162T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Wenyingzhuangia gracilariae KCTC 42246T (96.1 %). 27220912 6 75 theme G+C 752:754 arg1 content 756:762 The DNA G+C content 744:762 The DNA G+C content of strain CZ1127T 744:780 The DNA G+C content of strain CZ1127T was 32.2 mol%. 27220912 6 75 theme G+C 752:754 arg1 % 794:794 32.2 mol% 786:794 32.2 mol% 786:794 The DNA G+C content of strain CZ1127T was 32.2 mol%. 27220912 1 76 theme sulfated 41:48 arg1 fucan 50:54 a sulfated fucan 39:54 a sulfated fucan utilizing bacterium 39:74 nov., a sulfated fucan utilizing bacterium isolated from shallow coastal seawater. 27220912 1 76 theme sulfated 41:48 arg1 nov. 33:36 nov. 33:36 nov. 33:36 nov., a sulfated fucan utilizing bacterium isolated from shallow coastal seawater. 27220912 2 77 theme Qingdao 367:373 arg1 seawater 341:348 shallow coastal seawater 325:348 shallow coastal seawater of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, PR China 325:383 A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterial strain, designated as strain CZ1127T, capable of utilizing sulfated fucan, was isolated from shallow coastal seawater of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, PR China. 25830708 2 0 theme co-oxidants 514:524 arg1 absence 503:509 the absence 499:509 the absence of co-oxidants 499:524 Highly crystalline Cladophora nanocellulose, which is dominated by the Iα-allomorph, was oxidized to various degrees with TEMPO oxidant via bulk electrolysis in the absence of co-oxidants. 25830708 4 1 theme C 724:724 arg1 NMR 726:728 CP/MAS (13)C NMR 713:728 CP/MAS (13)C NMR 713:728 The produced materials were subsequently studied using FTIR, CP/MAS (13)C NMR, XRD, and SEM. 25830708 6 2 theme pristine 916:923 arg1 samples 953:959 pristine and annealed TEMPO-oxidized samples 916:959 pristine and annealed TEMPO-oxidized samples 916:959 The results of the analyses of pristine and annealed TEMPO-oxidized samples suggest that Iα- and Iβ-dominated cellulose do not differ in susceptibility to TEMPO-oxidation. 25830708 6 3 theme analyses 904:911 arg1 results 889:895 The results 885:895 The results of the analyses of pristine and annealed TEMPO-oxidized samples 885:959 The results of the analyses of pristine and annealed TEMPO-oxidized samples suggest that Iα- and Iβ-dominated cellulose do not differ in susceptibility to TEMPO-oxidation. 25830708 2 4 from electrolysis 483:494 arg1 absence 503:509 the absence 499:509 the absence of co-oxidants 499:524 Highly crystalline Cladophora nanocellulose, which is dominated by the Iα-allomorph, was oxidized to various degrees with TEMPO oxidant via bulk electrolysis in the absence of co-oxidants. 25830708 5 5 theme Iβ-dominated 866:877 arg1 form 879:882 an Iβ-dominated form 863:882 an Iβ-dominated form 863:882 The solid-state analyses confirmed that the annealed Cladophora cellulose was successfully transformed from an Iα- to an Iβ-dominated form. 25830708 2 6 theme bulk 478:481 arg1 electrolysis 483:494 bulk electrolysis 478:494 bulk electrolysis in the absence of co-oxidants 478:524 Highly crystalline Cladophora nanocellulose, which is dominated by the Iα-allomorph, was oxidized to various degrees with TEMPO oxidant via bulk electrolysis in the absence of co-oxidants. 25830708 2 7 with degrees 447:453 arg1 oxidant 466:472 TEMPO oxidant 460:472 TEMPO oxidant 460:472 Highly crystalline Cladophora nanocellulose, which is dominated by the Iα-allomorph, was oxidized to various degrees with TEMPO oxidant via bulk electrolysis in the absence of co-oxidants. 25830708 7 8 from sources 1112:1118 arg1 cellulose 1087:1095 cellulose 1087:1095 cellulose from different sources 1087:1118 This work hence suggests that cellulose from different sources are not expected to differ in susceptibility to the oxidation due to differences in allomorph composition. 25830708 2 9 theme crystalline 345:355 arg1 nanocellulose 368:380 Highly crystalline Cladophora nanocellulose 338:380 Highly crystalline Cladophora nanocellulose 338:380 Highly crystalline Cladophora nanocellulose, which is dominated by the Iα-allomorph, was oxidized to various degrees with TEMPO oxidant via bulk electrolysis in the absence of co-oxidants. 25830708 7 10 from differences 1189:1199 arg1 composition 1214:1224 allomorph composition 1204:1224 allomorph composition 1204:1224 This work hence suggests that cellulose from different sources are not expected to differ in susceptibility to the oxidation due to differences in allomorph composition. 25830708 4 11 theme CP/MAS 713:718 arg1 NMR 726:728 CP/MAS (13)C NMR 713:728 CP/MAS (13)C NMR 713:728 The produced materials were subsequently studied using FTIR, CP/MAS (13)C NMR, XRD, and SEM. 25830708 7 12 theme allomorph 1204:1212 arg1 composition 1214:1224 allomorph composition 1204:1224 allomorph composition 1204:1224 This work hence suggests that cellulose from different sources are not expected to differ in susceptibility to the oxidation due to differences in allomorph composition. 25830708 7 13 theme due 1182:1184 arg1 oxidation 1172:1180 the oxidation 1168:1180 the oxidation due to differences in allomorph composition 1168:1224 This work hence suggests that cellulose from different sources are not expected to differ in susceptibility to the oxidation due to differences in allomorph composition. 25830708 1 14 theme Iα- 100:102 arg1 cellulose 121:129 Iα- and Iβ-dominated cellulose 100:129 Iα- and Iβ-dominated cellulose 100:129 The susceptibility of Iα- and Iβ-dominated cellulose to TEMPO-mediated oxidation was studied in this work since the cellulose Iα-allomorph is generally considered to be thermodynamically less stable and therefore more reactive than the cellulose Iβ-allomorph. 25830708 1 15 theme cellulose 194:202 arg1 stable 270:275 stable 270:275 stable 270:275 The susceptibility of Iα- and Iβ-dominated cellulose to TEMPO-mediated oxidation was studied in this work since the cellulose Iα-allomorph is generally considered to be thermodynamically less stable and therefore more reactive than the cellulose Iβ-allomorph. 25830708 1 15 theme cellulose 194:202 arg1 Iα-allomorph 204:215 the cellulose Iα-allomorph 190:215 the cellulose Iα-allomorph 190:215 The susceptibility of Iα- and Iβ-dominated cellulose to TEMPO-mediated oxidation was studied in this work since the cellulose Iα-allomorph is generally considered to be thermodynamically less stable and therefore more reactive than the cellulose Iβ-allomorph. 25830708 6 16 theme Iβ-dominated 982:993 arg1 cellulose 995:1003 Iβ-dominated cellulose 982:1003 Iβ-dominated cellulose 982:1003 The results of the analyses of pristine and annealed TEMPO-oxidized samples suggest that Iα- and Iβ-dominated cellulose do not differ in susceptibility to TEMPO-oxidation. 25830708 2 17 theme TEMPO 460:464 arg1 oxidant 466:472 TEMPO oxidant 460:472 TEMPO oxidant 460:472 Highly crystalline Cladophora nanocellulose, which is dominated by the Iα-allomorph, was oxidized to various degrees with TEMPO oxidant via bulk electrolysis in the absence of co-oxidants. 25830708 7 18 theme different 1102:1110 arg1 sources 1112:1118 different sources 1102:1118 different sources 1102:1118 This work hence suggests that cellulose from different sources are not expected to differ in susceptibility to the oxidation due to differences in allomorph composition. 25830708 1 19 theme Iβ-dominated 108:119 arg1 cellulose 121:129 Iα- and Iβ-dominated cellulose 100:129 Iα- and Iβ-dominated cellulose 100:129 The susceptibility of Iα- and Iβ-dominated cellulose to TEMPO-mediated oxidation was studied in this work since the cellulose Iα-allomorph is generally considered to be thermodynamically less stable and therefore more reactive than the cellulose Iβ-allomorph. 25830708 0 20 theme Cellulose 39:47 arg1 Susceptibility 0:13 Susceptibility 0:13 Susceptibility of Iα- and Iβ-Dominated Cellulose to TEMPO-Mediated Oxidation 0:75 Susceptibility of Iα- and Iβ-Dominated Cellulose to TEMPO-Mediated Oxidation. 25830708 1 21 theme cellulose 314:322 arg1 Iβ-allomorph 324:335 the cellulose Iβ-allomorph 310:335 the cellulose Iβ-allomorph 310:335 The susceptibility of Iα- and Iβ-dominated cellulose to TEMPO-mediated oxidation was studied in this work since the cellulose Iα-allomorph is generally considered to be thermodynamically less stable and therefore more reactive than the cellulose Iβ-allomorph. 25830708 2 22 theme various 439:445 arg1 degrees 447:453 various degrees 439:453 various degrees with TEMPO oxidant 439:472 Highly crystalline Cladophora nanocellulose, which is dominated by the Iα-allomorph, was oxidized to various degrees with TEMPO oxidant via bulk electrolysis in the absence of co-oxidants. 25830708 0 23 theme Iβ-Dominated 26:37 arg1 Cellulose 39:47 Iα- and Iβ-Dominated Cellulose 18:47 Iα- and Iβ-Dominated Cellulose 18:47 Susceptibility of Iα- and Iβ-Dominated Cellulose to TEMPO-Mediated Oxidation. 25830708 5 24 theme annealed 789:796 arg1 cellulose 809:817 the annealed Cladophora cellulose 785:817 the annealed Cladophora cellulose 785:817 The solid-state analyses confirmed that the annealed Cladophora cellulose was successfully transformed from an Iα- to an Iβ-dominated form. 25830708 0 25 theme TEMPO-Mediated 52:65 arg1 Oxidation 67:75 TEMPO-Mediated Oxidation 52:75 TEMPO-Mediated Oxidation 52:75 Susceptibility of Iα- and Iβ-Dominated Cellulose to TEMPO-Mediated Oxidation. 25830708 3 26 theme Iβ-dominated 615:626 arg1 form 628:631 its Iβ-dominated form 611:631 its Iβ-dominated form 611:631 Further, the Cladophora nanocellulose was thermally annealed in glycerol to produce its Iβ-dominated form and then oxidized. 25830708 1 27 theme cellulose 121:129 arg1 susceptibility 82:95 The susceptibility 78:95 The susceptibility of Iα- and Iβ-dominated cellulose to TEMPO-mediated oxidation 78:157 The susceptibility of Iα- and Iβ-dominated cellulose to TEMPO-mediated oxidation was studied in this work since the cellulose Iα-allomorph is generally considered to be thermodynamically less stable and therefore more reactive than the cellulose Iβ-allomorph. 25830708 6 28 theme samples 953:959 arg1 analyses 904:911 the analyses 900:911 the analyses of pristine and annealed TEMPO-oxidized samples 900:959 The results of the analyses of pristine and annealed TEMPO-oxidized samples suggest that Iα- and Iβ-dominated cellulose do not differ in susceptibility to TEMPO-oxidation. 25830708 6 29 theme TEMPO-oxidized 938:951 arg1 samples 953:959 pristine and annealed TEMPO-oxidized samples 916:959 pristine and annealed TEMPO-oxidized samples 916:959 The results of the analyses of pristine and annealed TEMPO-oxidized samples suggest that Iα- and Iβ-dominated cellulose do not differ in susceptibility to TEMPO-oxidation. 25830708 1 30 theme TEMPO-mediated 134:147 arg1 oxidation 149:157 TEMPO-mediated oxidation 134:157 TEMPO-mediated oxidation 134:157 The susceptibility of Iα- and Iβ-dominated cellulose to TEMPO-mediated oxidation was studied in this work since the cellulose Iα-allomorph is generally considered to be thermodynamically less stable and therefore more reactive than the cellulose Iβ-allomorph. 25830708 2 31 theme Cladophora 357:366 arg1 nanocellulose 368:380 Highly crystalline Cladophora nanocellulose 338:380 Highly crystalline Cladophora nanocellulose 338:380 Highly crystalline Cladophora nanocellulose, which is dominated by the Iα-allomorph, was oxidized to various degrees with TEMPO oxidant via bulk electrolysis in the absence of co-oxidants. 25830708 5 32 theme solid-state 749:759 arg1 analyses 761:768 The solid-state analyses 745:768 The solid-state analyses 745:768 The solid-state analyses confirmed that the annealed Cladophora cellulose was successfully transformed from an Iα- to an Iβ-dominated form. 25830708 3 33 theme Cladophora 540:549 arg1 nanocellulose 551:563 the Cladophora nanocellulose 536:563 the Cladophora nanocellulose 536:563 Further, the Cladophora nanocellulose was thermally annealed in glycerol to produce its Iβ-dominated form and then oxidized. 25830708 4 34 theme produced 656:663 arg1 materials 665:673 The produced materials 652:673 The produced materials 652:673 The produced materials were subsequently studied using FTIR, CP/MAS (13)C NMR, XRD, and SEM. 25830708 5 35 theme Cladophora 798:807 arg1 cellulose 809:817 the annealed Cladophora cellulose 785:817 the annealed Cladophora cellulose 785:817 The solid-state analyses confirmed that the annealed Cladophora cellulose was successfully transformed from an Iα- to an Iβ-dominated form. 25830708 6 36 theme annealed 929:936 arg1 samples 953:959 pristine and annealed TEMPO-oxidized samples 916:959 pristine and annealed TEMPO-oxidized samples 916:959 The results of the analyses of pristine and annealed TEMPO-oxidized samples suggest that Iα- and Iβ-dominated cellulose do not differ in susceptibility to TEMPO-oxidation. 25830708 0 37 theme Iα- 18:20 arg1 Cellulose 39:47 Iα- and Iβ-Dominated Cellulose 18:47 Iα- and Iβ-Dominated Cellulose 18:47 Susceptibility of Iα- and Iβ-Dominated Cellulose to TEMPO-Mediated Oxidation. 26090451 2 0 theme fine 451:454 arg1 needle 456:461 a fine needle 449:461 a fine needle 449:461 Owing to an innovative preparation method the resulting homogeneous hydrogels do not contain any detectable residual cross-linking agent and are easier to inject through a fine needle. 26090451 7 1 theme In 1131:1132 arg1 tests 1152:1156 In vitro degradation tests 1131:1156 In vitro degradation tests of the HA hydrogels 1131:1176 In vitro degradation tests of the HA hydrogels demonstrated that these new hydrogels show a good stability against enzymatic degradation, which increases by increasing HA concentration and decreasing HA/DVS weight ratio. 26090451 1 2 theme divinyl 148:154 arg1 DVS 165:167 divinyl sulfone (DVS) 148:168 divinyl sulfone (DVS) based on a simple, reproducible, and safe process that does not employ any organic solvents 148:260 Hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels, obtained by cross-linking HA molecules with divinyl sulfone (DVS) based on a simple, reproducible, and safe process that does not employ any organic solvents, were developed. 26090451 7 3 theme good 1223:1226 arg1 stability 1228:1236 a good stability 1221:1236 a good stability against enzymatic degradation, which increases by increasing HA concentration and decreasing HA/DVS weight ratio 1221:1349 In vitro degradation tests of the HA hydrogels demonstrated that these new hydrogels show a good stability against enzymatic degradation, which increases by increasing HA concentration and decreasing HA/DVS weight ratio. 26090451 2 4 theme preparation 302:312 arg1 method 314:319 an innovative preparation method 288:319 an innovative preparation method 288:319 Owing to an innovative preparation method the resulting homogeneous hydrogels do not contain any detectable residual cross-linking agent and are easier to inject through a fine needle. 26090451 1 5 with molecules 133:141 arg1 DVS 165:167 divinyl sulfone (DVS) 148:168 divinyl sulfone (DVS) based on a simple, reproducible, and safe process that does not employ any organic solvents 148:260 Hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels, obtained by cross-linking HA molecules with divinyl sulfone (DVS) based on a simple, reproducible, and safe process that does not employ any organic solvents, were developed. 26090451 4 6 theme HA/DVS 762:767 arg1 ratio 776:780 HA/DVS weight ratio 762:780 HA/DVS weight ratio 762:780 They exhibit a rheological behaviour typical of strong gels and show improved viscoelastic properties by increasing HA concentration and decreasing HA/DVS weight ratio. 26090451 3 7 theme biological 524:533 arg1 properties 535:544 biological properties 524:544 biological properties 524:544 HA hydrogels were characterized in terms of degradation and biological properties, viscoelasticity, injectability, and network structural parameters. 26090451 4 8 theme HA 730:731 arg1 concentration 733:745 HA concentration 730:745 HA concentration 730:745 They exhibit a rheological behaviour typical of strong gels and show improved viscoelastic properties by increasing HA concentration and decreasing HA/DVS weight ratio. 26090451 3 9 theme degradation 508:518 arg1 terms 499:503 terms 499:503 terms of degradation and biological properties, viscoelasticity, injectability, and network structural parameters 499:611 HA hydrogels were characterized in terms of degradation and biological properties, viscoelasticity, injectability, and network structural parameters. 26090451 1 10 theme Hyaluronic 72:81 arg1 acid 83:86 Hyaluronic acid 72:86 Hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels 72:101 Hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels, obtained by cross-linking HA molecules with divinyl sulfone (DVS) based on a simple, reproducible, and safe process that does not employ any organic solvents, were developed. 26090451 1 10 theme Hyaluronic 72:81 arg1 HA 89:90 HA 89:90 HA 89:90 Hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels, obtained by cross-linking HA molecules with divinyl sulfone (DVS) based on a simple, reproducible, and safe process that does not employ any organic solvents, were developed. 26090451 5 11 theme properties 944:953 arg1 alteration 917:926 significant alteration 905:926 significant alteration of viscoelastic properties 905:953 Furthermore, it was demonstrated that processes such as sterilization and extrusion through clinical needles do not imply significant alteration of viscoelastic properties. 26090451 4 12 theme viscoelastic 692:703 arg1 properties 705:714 improved viscoelastic properties 683:714 improved viscoelastic properties 683:714 They exhibit a rheological behaviour typical of strong gels and show improved viscoelastic properties by increasing HA concentration and decreasing HA/DVS weight ratio. 26090451 7 13 theme hydrogels 1168:1176 arg1 tests 1152:1156 In vitro degradation tests 1131:1156 In vitro degradation tests of the HA hydrogels 1131:1176 In vitro degradation tests of the HA hydrogels demonstrated that these new hydrogels show a good stability against enzymatic degradation, which increases by increasing HA concentration and decreasing HA/DVS weight ratio. 26090451 7 14 theme HA/DVS 1331:1336 arg1 ratio 1345:1349 HA/DVS weight ratio 1331:1349 HA/DVS weight ratio 1331:1349 In vitro degradation tests of the HA hydrogels demonstrated that these new hydrogels show a good stability against enzymatic degradation, which increases by increasing HA concentration and decreasing HA/DVS weight ratio. 26090451 1 15 theme acid 83:86 arg1 hydrogels 93:101 Hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels 72:101 Hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels 72:101 Hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels, obtained by cross-linking HA molecules with divinyl sulfone (DVS) based on a simple, reproducible, and safe process that does not employ any organic solvents, were developed. 26090451 7 16 theme weight 1338:1343 arg1 ratio 1345:1349 HA/DVS weight ratio 1331:1349 HA/DVS weight ratio 1331:1349 In vitro degradation tests of the HA hydrogels demonstrated that these new hydrogels show a good stability against enzymatic degradation, which increases by increasing HA concentration and decreasing HA/DVS weight ratio. 26090451 6 17 theme size 1087:1090 arg1 reduction 1065:1073 a reduction 1063:1073 a reduction of the mesh size 1063:1090 Both SANS and rheological tests indicated that the cross-links appear to compact the network, resulting in a reduction of the mesh size by increasing the cross-linker amount. 26090451 7 18 theme new 1202:1204 arg1 hydrogels 1206:1214 these new hydrogels 1196:1214 these new hydrogels 1196:1214 In vitro degradation tests of the HA hydrogels demonstrated that these new hydrogels show a good stability against enzymatic degradation, which increases by increasing HA concentration and decreasing HA/DVS weight ratio. 26090451 5 19 theme significant 905:915 arg1 alteration 917:926 significant alteration 905:926 significant alteration of viscoelastic properties 905:953 Furthermore, it was demonstrated that processes such as sterilization and extrusion through clinical needles do not imply significant alteration of viscoelastic properties. 26090451 4 20 theme weight 769:774 arg1 ratio 776:780 HA/DVS weight ratio 762:780 HA/DVS weight ratio 762:780 They exhibit a rheological behaviour typical of strong gels and show improved viscoelastic properties by increasing HA concentration and decreasing HA/DVS weight ratio. 26090451 4 21 theme rheological 629:639 arg1 behaviour 641:649 a rheological behaviour 627:649 a rheological behaviour typical of strong gels 627:672 They exhibit a rheological behaviour typical of strong gels and show improved viscoelastic properties by increasing HA concentration and decreasing HA/DVS weight ratio. 26090451 3 22 theme properties 535:544 arg1 terms 499:503 terms 499:503 terms of degradation and biological properties, viscoelasticity, injectability, and network structural parameters 499:611 HA hydrogels were characterized in terms of degradation and biological properties, viscoelasticity, injectability, and network structural parameters. 26090451 5 23 theme clinical 875:882 arg1 needles 884:890 clinical needles 875:890 clinical needles 875:890 Furthermore, it was demonstrated that processes such as sterilization and extrusion through clinical needles do not imply significant alteration of viscoelastic properties. 26090451 0 24 theme Hyaluronic 0:9 arg1 Acid 11:14 Hyaluronic Acid 0:14 Hyaluronic Acid 0:14 Hyaluronic Acid Based Hydrogels for Regenerative Medicine Applications. 26090451 7 25 theme enzymatic 1246:1254 arg1 degradation 1256:1266 enzymatic degradation 1246:1266 enzymatic degradation 1246:1266 In vitro degradation tests of the HA hydrogels demonstrated that these new hydrogels show a good stability against enzymatic degradation, which increases by increasing HA concentration and decreasing HA/DVS weight ratio. 26090451 2 26 theme homogeneous 335:345 arg1 hydrogels 347:355 the resulting homogeneous hydrogels 321:355 the resulting homogeneous hydrogels 321:355 Owing to an innovative preparation method the resulting homogeneous hydrogels do not contain any detectable residual cross-linking agent and are easier to inject through a fine needle. 26090451 2 26 theme homogeneous 335:345 arg1 easier 424:429 easier 424:429 easier 424:429 Owing to an innovative preparation method the resulting homogeneous hydrogels do not contain any detectable residual cross-linking agent and are easier to inject through a fine needle. 26090451 7 27 theme HA 1165:1166 arg1 hydrogels 1168:1176 the HA hydrogels 1161:1176 the HA hydrogels 1161:1176 In vitro degradation tests of the HA hydrogels demonstrated that these new hydrogels show a good stability against enzymatic degradation, which increases by increasing HA concentration and decreasing HA/DVS weight ratio. 26090451 8 28 dep in 1417:1418 arg1 vitro 1420:1424 vitro 1420:1424 vitro 1420:1424 Finally, the hydrogels show a good biocompatibility confirmed by in vitro tests. 26090451 8 29 theme in 1417:1418 arg1 tests 1426:1430 in vitro tests 1417:1430 in vitro tests 1417:1430 Finally, the hydrogels show a good biocompatibility confirmed by in vitro tests. 26090451 2 30 theme residual 387:394 arg1 agent 410:414 any detectable residual cross-linking agent 372:414 any detectable residual cross-linking agent 372:414 Owing to an innovative preparation method the resulting homogeneous hydrogels do not contain any detectable residual cross-linking agent and are easier to inject through a fine needle. 26090451 2 31 theme cross-linking 396:408 arg1 agent 410:414 any detectable residual cross-linking agent 372:414 any detectable residual cross-linking agent 372:414 Owing to an innovative preparation method the resulting homogeneous hydrogels do not contain any detectable residual cross-linking agent and are easier to inject through a fine needle. 26090451 1 32 theme organic 245:251 arg1 solvents 253:260 any organic solvents 241:260 any organic solvents 241:260 Hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels, obtained by cross-linking HA molecules with divinyl sulfone (DVS) based on a simple, reproducible, and safe process that does not employ any organic solvents, were developed. 26090451 1 33 theme sulfone 156:162 arg1 DVS 165:167 divinyl sulfone (DVS) 148:168 divinyl sulfone (DVS) based on a simple, reproducible, and safe process that does not employ any organic solvents 148:260 Hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels, obtained by cross-linking HA molecules with divinyl sulfone (DVS) based on a simple, reproducible, and safe process that does not employ any organic solvents, were developed. 26090451 2 34 theme detectable 376:385 arg1 agent 410:414 any detectable residual cross-linking agent 372:414 any detectable residual cross-linking agent 372:414 Owing to an innovative preparation method the resulting homogeneous hydrogels do not contain any detectable residual cross-linking agent and are easier to inject through a fine needle. 26090451 0 35 theme Regenerative 36:47 arg1 Applications 58:69 Regenerative Medicine Applications 36:69 Regenerative Medicine Applications 36:69 Hyaluronic Acid Based Hydrogels for Regenerative Medicine Applications. 26090451 6 36 theme rheological 970:980 arg1 tests 982:986 Both SANS and rheological tests 956:986 Both SANS and rheological tests 956:986 Both SANS and rheological tests indicated that the cross-links appear to compact the network, resulting in a reduction of the mesh size by increasing the cross-linker amount. 26090451 7 37 dep In 1131:1132 arg1 vitro 1134:1138 vitro 1134:1138 vitro 1134:1138 In vitro degradation tests of the HA hydrogels demonstrated that these new hydrogels show a good stability against enzymatic degradation, which increases by increasing HA concentration and decreasing HA/DVS weight ratio. 26090451 3 38 theme injectability 564:576 arg1 terms 499:503 terms 499:503 terms of degradation and biological properties, viscoelasticity, injectability, and network structural parameters 499:611 HA hydrogels were characterized in terms of degradation and biological properties, viscoelasticity, injectability, and network structural parameters. 26090451 4 39 theme typical 651:657 arg1 behaviour 641:649 a rheological behaviour 627:649 a rheological behaviour typical of strong gels 627:672 They exhibit a rheological behaviour typical of strong gels and show improved viscoelastic properties by increasing HA concentration and decreasing HA/DVS weight ratio. 26090451 1 40 theme simple 181:186 arg1 process 212:218 a simple, reproducible, and safe process 179:218 a simple, reproducible, and safe process that does not employ any organic solvents 179:260 Hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels, obtained by cross-linking HA molecules with divinyl sulfone (DVS) based on a simple, reproducible, and safe process that does not employ any organic solvents, were developed. 26090451 4 41 theme gels 669:672 arg1 typical 651:657 typical 651:657 typical 651:657 They exhibit a rheological behaviour typical of strong gels and show improved viscoelastic properties by increasing HA concentration and decreasing HA/DVS weight ratio. 26090451 2 42 dep contain 364:370 arg1 Owing 279:283 Owing 279:283 Owing to an innovative preparation method 279:319 Owing to an innovative preparation method the resulting homogeneous hydrogels do not contain any detectable residual cross-linking agent and are easier to inject through a fine needle. 26090451 7 43 theme degradation 1140:1150 arg1 tests 1152:1156 In vitro degradation tests 1131:1156 In vitro degradation tests of the HA hydrogels 1131:1176 In vitro degradation tests of the HA hydrogels demonstrated that these new hydrogels show a good stability against enzymatic degradation, which increases by increasing HA concentration and decreasing HA/DVS weight ratio. 26090451 3 44 theme HA 464:465 arg1 hydrogels 467:475 HA hydrogels 464:475 HA hydrogels 464:475 HA hydrogels were characterized in terms of degradation and biological properties, viscoelasticity, injectability, and network structural parameters. 26090451 8 45 theme good 1382:1385 arg1 biocompatibility 1387:1402 a good biocompatibility 1380:1402 a good biocompatibility confirmed by in vitro tests 1380:1430 Finally, the hydrogels show a good biocompatibility confirmed by in vitro tests. 26090451 3 46 theme viscoelasticity 547:561 arg1 terms 499:503 terms 499:503 terms of degradation and biological properties, viscoelasticity, injectability, and network structural parameters 499:611 HA hydrogels were characterized in terms of degradation and biological properties, viscoelasticity, injectability, and network structural parameters. 26090451 6 47 theme cross-linker 1110:1121 arg1 amount 1123:1128 the cross-linker amount 1106:1128 the cross-linker amount 1106:1128 Both SANS and rheological tests indicated that the cross-links appear to compact the network, resulting in a reduction of the mesh size by increasing the cross-linker amount. 26090451 2 48 theme innovative 291:300 arg1 method 314:319 an innovative preparation method 288:319 an innovative preparation method 288:319 Owing to an innovative preparation method the resulting homogeneous hydrogels do not contain any detectable residual cross-linking agent and are easier to inject through a fine needle. 26090451 0 49 theme Medicine 49:56 arg1 Applications 58:69 Regenerative Medicine Applications 36:69 Regenerative Medicine Applications 36:69 Hyaluronic Acid Based Hydrogels for Regenerative Medicine Applications. 26090451 2 50 contain contain 364:370 arg1 easier 424:429 easier 424:429 easier 424:429 Owing to an innovative preparation method the resulting homogeneous hydrogels do not contain any detectable residual cross-linking agent and are easier to inject through a fine needle. 26090451 2 50 contain contain 364:370 arg1 hydrogels 347:355 the resulting homogeneous hydrogels 321:355 the resulting homogeneous hydrogels 321:355 Owing to an innovative preparation method the resulting homogeneous hydrogels do not contain any detectable residual cross-linking agent and are easier to inject through a fine needle. 26090451 2 50 contain contain 364:370 arg2 agent 410:414 any detectable residual cross-linking agent 372:414 any detectable residual cross-linking agent 372:414 Owing to an innovative preparation method the resulting homogeneous hydrogels do not contain any detectable residual cross-linking agent and are easier to inject through a fine needle. 26090451 4 51 theme improved 683:690 arg1 properties 705:714 improved viscoelastic properties 683:714 improved viscoelastic properties 683:714 They exhibit a rheological behaviour typical of strong gels and show improved viscoelastic properties by increasing HA concentration and decreasing HA/DVS weight ratio. 26090451 3 52 theme structural 591:600 arg1 parameters 602:611 network structural parameters 583:611 network structural parameters 583:611 HA hydrogels were characterized in terms of degradation and biological properties, viscoelasticity, injectability, and network structural parameters. 26090451 1 53 theme cross-linking 116:128 arg1 molecules 133:141 cross-linking HA molecules 116:141 cross-linking HA molecules with divinyl sulfone (DVS) based on a simple, reproducible, and safe process that does not employ any organic solvents 116:260 Hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels, obtained by cross-linking HA molecules with divinyl sulfone (DVS) based on a simple, reproducible, and safe process that does not employ any organic solvents, were developed. 26090451 1 54 theme reproducible 189:200 arg1 process 212:218 a simple, reproducible, and safe process 179:218 a simple, reproducible, and safe process that does not employ any organic solvents 179:260 Hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels, obtained by cross-linking HA molecules with divinyl sulfone (DVS) based on a simple, reproducible, and safe process that does not employ any organic solvents, were developed. 26090451 7 55 theme HA 1299:1300 arg1 concentration 1302:1314 HA concentration 1299:1314 HA concentration 1299:1314 In vitro degradation tests of the HA hydrogels demonstrated that these new hydrogels show a good stability against enzymatic degradation, which increases by increasing HA concentration and decreasing HA/DVS weight ratio. 26090451 3 56 theme parameters 602:611 arg1 terms 499:503 terms 499:503 terms of degradation and biological properties, viscoelasticity, injectability, and network structural parameters 499:611 HA hydrogels were characterized in terms of degradation and biological properties, viscoelasticity, injectability, and network structural parameters. 26090451 1 57 theme HA 130:131 arg1 molecules 133:141 cross-linking HA molecules 116:141 cross-linking HA molecules with divinyl sulfone (DVS) based on a simple, reproducible, and safe process that does not employ any organic solvents 116:260 Hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels, obtained by cross-linking HA molecules with divinyl sulfone (DVS) based on a simple, reproducible, and safe process that does not employ any organic solvents, were developed. 26090451 5 58 theme viscoelastic 931:942 arg1 properties 944:953 viscoelastic properties 931:953 viscoelastic properties 931:953 Furthermore, it was demonstrated that processes such as sterilization and extrusion through clinical needles do not imply significant alteration of viscoelastic properties. 26090451 2 59 theme resulting 325:333 arg1 hydrogels 347:355 the resulting homogeneous hydrogels 321:355 the resulting homogeneous hydrogels 321:355 Owing to an innovative preparation method the resulting homogeneous hydrogels do not contain any detectable residual cross-linking agent and are easier to inject through a fine needle. 26090451 2 59 theme resulting 325:333 arg1 easier 424:429 easier 424:429 easier 424:429 Owing to an innovative preparation method the resulting homogeneous hydrogels do not contain any detectable residual cross-linking agent and are easier to inject through a fine needle. 26090451 6 60 theme mesh 1082:1085 arg1 size 1087:1090 the mesh size 1078:1090 the mesh size 1078:1090 Both SANS and rheological tests indicated that the cross-links appear to compact the network, resulting in a reduction of the mesh size by increasing the cross-linker amount. 26090451 3 61 theme network 583:589 arg1 parameters 602:611 network structural parameters 583:611 network structural parameters 583:611 HA hydrogels were characterized in terms of degradation and biological properties, viscoelasticity, injectability, and network structural parameters. 26090451 4 62 theme strong 662:667 arg1 gels 669:672 strong gels 662:672 strong gels 662:672 They exhibit a rheological behaviour typical of strong gels and show improved viscoelastic properties by increasing HA concentration and decreasing HA/DVS weight ratio. 26090451 6 63 theme SANS 961:964 arg1 tests 982:986 Both SANS and rheological tests 956:986 Both SANS and rheological tests 956:986 Both SANS and rheological tests indicated that the cross-links appear to compact the network, resulting in a reduction of the mesh size by increasing the cross-linker amount. 26090451 1 64 theme safe 207:210 arg1 process 212:218 a simple, reproducible, and safe process 179:218 a simple, reproducible, and safe process that does not employ any organic solvents 179:260 Hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels, obtained by cross-linking HA molecules with divinyl sulfone (DVS) based on a simple, reproducible, and safe process that does not employ any organic solvents, were developed. 28006734 5 0 theme adsorption 788:797 arg1 capacity 799:806 48.35mg/g maximum adsorption capacity 770:806 48.35mg/g maximum adsorption capacity 770:806 The magnetic carbon composite exhibited 48.35mg/g maximum adsorption capacity and was highly stable chemically and mechanically, with also good magnetic properties. 28006734 0 1 theme tetracycline 75:86 arg1 adsorption 61:70 adsorption 61:70 adsorption of tetracycline 61:86 Magnetic carbon composites with a hierarchical structure for adsorption of tetracycline, prepared from sugarcane bagasse via hydrothermal carbonization coupled with simple heat treatment process. 28006734 1 2 from 230°C 352:356 arg1 carbonization 335:347 low temperature hydrothermal carbonization 306:347 low temperature hydrothermal carbonization at 230°C for 24h 306:364 Sugarcane bagasse, an agricultural waste, was successfully converted into novel magnetic carbon composites by low temperature hydrothermal carbonization at 230°C for 24h, followed by heat treatment at 400°C for only 1h in air. 28006734 1 3 theme novel 270:274 arg1 composites 292:301 novel magnetic carbon composites 270:301 novel magnetic carbon composites 270:301 Sugarcane bagasse, an agricultural waste, was successfully converted into novel magnetic carbon composites by low temperature hydrothermal carbonization at 230°C for 24h, followed by heat treatment at 400°C for only 1h in air. 28006734 5 4 theme magnetic 734:741 arg1 composite 750:758 The magnetic carbon composite 730:758 The magnetic carbon composite 730:758 The magnetic carbon composite exhibited 48.35mg/g maximum adsorption capacity and was highly stable chemically and mechanically, with also good magnetic properties. 28006734 5 4 theme magnetic 734:741 arg1 stable 823:828 stable 823:828 stable 823:828 The magnetic carbon composite exhibited 48.35mg/g maximum adsorption capacity and was highly stable chemically and mechanically, with also good magnetic properties. 28006734 3 5 theme various 528:534 arg1 techniques 536:545 various techniques 528:545 various techniques 528:545 In addition, various techniques were employed to investigate the physicochemical properties of the composites. 28006734 1 6 theme magnetic 276:283 arg1 composites 292:301 novel magnetic carbon composites 270:301 novel magnetic carbon composites 270:301 Sugarcane bagasse, an agricultural waste, was successfully converted into novel magnetic carbon composites by low temperature hydrothermal carbonization at 230°C for 24h, followed by heat treatment at 400°C for only 1h in air. 28006734 1 7 from 1h 412:413 arg1 air 418:420 air 418:420 air 418:420 Sugarcane bagasse, an agricultural waste, was successfully converted into novel magnetic carbon composites by low temperature hydrothermal carbonization at 230°C for 24h, followed by heat treatment at 400°C for only 1h in air. 28006734 5 8 with stable 823:828 arg1 properties 883:892 also good magnetic properties 864:892 also good magnetic properties 864:892 The magnetic carbon composite exhibited 48.35mg/g maximum adsorption capacity and was highly stable chemically and mechanically, with also good magnetic properties. 28006734 1 9 theme carbon 285:290 arg1 composites 292:301 novel magnetic carbon composites 270:301 novel magnetic carbon composites 270:301 Sugarcane bagasse, an agricultural waste, was successfully converted into novel magnetic carbon composites by low temperature hydrothermal carbonization at 230°C for 24h, followed by heat treatment at 400°C for only 1h in air. 28006734 1 10 from 400°C 397:401 arg1 treatment 384:392 heat treatment 379:392 heat treatment at 400°C for only 1h in air 379:420 Sugarcane bagasse, an agricultural waste, was successfully converted into novel magnetic carbon composites by low temperature hydrothermal carbonization at 230°C for 24h, followed by heat treatment at 400°C for only 1h in air. 28006734 1 11 theme heat 379:382 arg1 treatment 384:392 heat treatment 379:392 heat treatment at 400°C for only 1h in air 379:420 Sugarcane bagasse, an agricultural waste, was successfully converted into novel magnetic carbon composites by low temperature hydrothermal carbonization at 230°C for 24h, followed by heat treatment at 400°C for only 1h in air. 28006734 7 12 theme friendly 1172:1179 arg1 method 1181:1186 a facile environmentally friendly method 1147:1186 a facile environmentally friendly method 1147:1186 The results indicate that waste sugarcane bagasse from the sugar industries can be efficiently transformed to a magnetic adsorbent for TC removal via a facile environmentally friendly method. 28006734 6 13 theme TC 913:914 arg1 adsorption 899:908 The adsorption 895:908 The adsorption of TC by the magnetic adsorbent 895:940 The adsorption of TC by the magnetic adsorbent was mainly attributed to H-bonds and π-π interactions. 28006734 2 14 theme chemical 463:470 arg1 properties 472:481 the chemical properties 459:481 the chemical properties of the composites 459:499 Effects of NaOH and iron loading on the chemical properties of the composites were studied. 28006734 7 15 theme sugar 1056:1060 arg1 industries 1062:1071 the sugar industries 1052:1071 the sugar industries 1052:1071 The results indicate that waste sugarcane bagasse from the sugar industries can be efficiently transformed to a magnetic adsorbent for TC removal via a facile environmentally friendly method. 28006734 2 16 theme iron 443:446 arg1 loading 448:454 iron loading 443:454 iron loading 443:454 Effects of NaOH and iron loading on the chemical properties of the composites were studied. 28006734 6 17 theme π-π 979:981 arg1 interactions 983:994 H-bonds and π-π interactions 967:994 H-bonds and π-π interactions 967:994 The adsorption of TC by the magnetic adsorbent was mainly attributed to H-bonds and π-π interactions. 28006734 5 18 theme 48.35mg/g 770:778 arg1 capacity 799:806 48.35mg/g maximum adsorption capacity 770:806 48.35mg/g maximum adsorption capacity 770:806 The magnetic carbon composite exhibited 48.35mg/g maximum adsorption capacity and was highly stable chemically and mechanically, with also good magnetic properties. 28006734 1 19 theme Sugarcane 196:204 arg1 bagasse 206:212 Sugarcane bagasse 196:212 Sugarcane bagasse 196:212 Sugarcane bagasse, an agricultural waste, was successfully converted into novel magnetic carbon composites by low temperature hydrothermal carbonization at 230°C for 24h, followed by heat treatment at 400°C for only 1h in air. 28006734 1 19 theme Sugarcane 196:204 arg1 waste 231:235 an agricultural waste 215:235 an agricultural waste 215:235 Sugarcane bagasse, an agricultural waste, was successfully converted into novel magnetic carbon composites by low temperature hydrothermal carbonization at 230°C for 24h, followed by heat treatment at 400°C for only 1h in air. 28006734 0 20 theme Magnetic 0:7 arg1 composites 16:25 Magnetic carbon composites 0:25 Magnetic carbon composites 0:25 Magnetic carbon composites with a hierarchical structure for adsorption of tetracycline, prepared from sugarcane bagasse via hydrothermal carbonization coupled with simple heat treatment process. 28006734 7 21 theme facile 1149:1154 arg1 method 1181:1186 a facile environmentally friendly method 1147:1186 a facile environmentally friendly method 1147:1186 The results indicate that waste sugarcane bagasse from the sugar industries can be efficiently transformed to a magnetic adsorbent for TC removal via a facile environmentally friendly method. 28006734 2 22 theme NaOH 434:437 arg1 Effects 423:429 Effects 423:429 Effects of NaOH and iron loading on the chemical properties of the composites 423:499 Effects of NaOH and iron loading on the chemical properties of the composites were studied. 28006734 0 23 theme hydrothermal 125:136 arg1 carbonization 138:150 hydrothermal carbonization 125:150 hydrothermal carbonization coupled with simple heat treatment process 125:193 Magnetic carbon composites with a hierarchical structure for adsorption of tetracycline, prepared from sugarcane bagasse via hydrothermal carbonization coupled with simple heat treatment process. 28006734 7 24 theme TC 1132:1133 arg1 removal 1135:1141 TC removal 1132:1141 TC removal 1132:1141 The results indicate that waste sugarcane bagasse from the sugar industries can be efficiently transformed to a magnetic adsorbent for TC removal via a facile environmentally friendly method. 28006734 1 25 theme low 306:308 arg1 carbonization 335:347 low temperature hydrothermal carbonization 306:347 low temperature hydrothermal carbonization at 230°C for 24h 306:364 Sugarcane bagasse, an agricultural waste, was successfully converted into novel magnetic carbon composites by low temperature hydrothermal carbonization at 230°C for 24h, followed by heat treatment at 400°C for only 1h in air. 28006734 0 26 theme hierarchical 34:45 arg1 structure 47:55 a hierarchical structure 32:55 a hierarchical structure for adsorption of tetracycline 32:86 Magnetic carbon composites with a hierarchical structure for adsorption of tetracycline, prepared from sugarcane bagasse via hydrothermal carbonization coupled with simple heat treatment process. 28006734 1 27 theme temperature 310:320 arg1 carbonization 335:347 low temperature hydrothermal carbonization 306:347 low temperature hydrothermal carbonization at 230°C for 24h 306:364 Sugarcane bagasse, an agricultural waste, was successfully converted into novel magnetic carbon composites by low temperature hydrothermal carbonization at 230°C for 24h, followed by heat treatment at 400°C for only 1h in air. 28006734 5 28 theme good 869:872 arg1 properties 883:892 also good magnetic properties 864:892 also good magnetic properties 864:892 The magnetic carbon composite exhibited 48.35mg/g maximum adsorption capacity and was highly stable chemically and mechanically, with also good magnetic properties. 28006734 1 29 theme agricultural 218:229 arg1 bagasse 206:212 Sugarcane bagasse 196:212 Sugarcane bagasse 196:212 Sugarcane bagasse, an agricultural waste, was successfully converted into novel magnetic carbon composites by low temperature hydrothermal carbonization at 230°C for 24h, followed by heat treatment at 400°C for only 1h in air. 28006734 1 29 theme agricultural 218:229 arg1 waste 231:235 an agricultural waste 215:235 an agricultural waste 215:235 Sugarcane bagasse, an agricultural waste, was successfully converted into novel magnetic carbon composites by low temperature hydrothermal carbonization at 230°C for 24h, followed by heat treatment at 400°C for only 1h in air. 28006734 1 30 theme hydrothermal 322:333 arg1 carbonization 335:347 low temperature hydrothermal carbonization 306:347 low temperature hydrothermal carbonization at 230°C for 24h 306:364 Sugarcane bagasse, an agricultural waste, was successfully converted into novel magnetic carbon composites by low temperature hydrothermal carbonization at 230°C for 24h, followed by heat treatment at 400°C for only 1h in air. 28006734 5 31 theme magnetic 874:881 arg1 properties 883:892 also good magnetic properties 864:892 also good magnetic properties 864:892 The magnetic carbon composite exhibited 48.35mg/g maximum adsorption capacity and was highly stable chemically and mechanically, with also good magnetic properties. 28006734 7 32 theme environmentally 1156:1170 arg1 method 1181:1186 a facile environmentally friendly method 1147:1186 a facile environmentally friendly method 1147:1186 The results indicate that waste sugarcane bagasse from the sugar industries can be efficiently transformed to a magnetic adsorbent for TC removal via a facile environmentally friendly method. 28006734 6 33 theme H-bonds 967:973 arg1 interactions 983:994 H-bonds and π-π interactions 967:994 H-bonds and π-π interactions 967:994 The adsorption of TC by the magnetic adsorbent was mainly attributed to H-bonds and π-π interactions. 28006734 0 34 theme simple 165:170 arg1 process 187:193 simple heat treatment process 165:193 simple heat treatment process 165:193 Magnetic carbon composites with a hierarchical structure for adsorption of tetracycline, prepared from sugarcane bagasse via hydrothermal carbonization coupled with simple heat treatment process. 28006734 0 35 with composites 16:25 arg1 structure 47:55 a hierarchical structure 32:55 a hierarchical structure for adsorption of tetracycline 32:86 Magnetic carbon composites with a hierarchical structure for adsorption of tetracycline, prepared from sugarcane bagasse via hydrothermal carbonization coupled with simple heat treatment process. 28006734 2 36 theme loading 448:454 arg1 Effects 423:429 Effects 423:429 Effects of NaOH and iron loading on the chemical properties of the composites 423:499 Effects of NaOH and iron loading on the chemical properties of the composites were studied. 28006734 3 37 theme physicochemical 580:594 arg1 properties 596:605 the physicochemical properties 576:605 the physicochemical properties of the composites 576:623 In addition, various techniques were employed to investigate the physicochemical properties of the composites. 28006734 7 38 theme sugarcane 1029:1037 arg1 bagasse 1039:1045 waste sugarcane bagasse 1023:1045 waste sugarcane bagasse from the sugar industries 1023:1071 The results indicate that waste sugarcane bagasse from the sugar industries can be efficiently transformed to a magnetic adsorbent for TC removal via a facile environmentally friendly method. 28006734 4 39 theme magnetic 709:716 arg1 composites 718:727 the magnetic composites 705:727 the magnetic composites 705:727 Adsorption kinetics and isotherms were investigated with tetracycline (TC) for the magnetic composites. 28006734 0 40 theme treatment 177:185 arg1 process 187:193 simple heat treatment process 165:193 simple heat treatment process 165:193 Magnetic carbon composites with a hierarchical structure for adsorption of tetracycline, prepared from sugarcane bagasse via hydrothermal carbonization coupled with simple heat treatment process. 28006734 0 41 theme heat 172:175 arg1 process 187:193 simple heat treatment process 165:193 simple heat treatment process 165:193 Magnetic carbon composites with a hierarchical structure for adsorption of tetracycline, prepared from sugarcane bagasse via hydrothermal carbonization coupled with simple heat treatment process. 28006734 7 42 from industries 1062:1071 arg1 bagasse 1039:1045 waste sugarcane bagasse 1023:1045 waste sugarcane bagasse from the sugar industries 1023:1071 The results indicate that waste sugarcane bagasse from the sugar industries can be efficiently transformed to a magnetic adsorbent for TC removal via a facile environmentally friendly method. 28006734 2 43 theme composites 490:499 arg1 properties 472:481 the chemical properties 459:481 the chemical properties of the composites 459:499 Effects of NaOH and iron loading on the chemical properties of the composites were studied. 28006734 7 44 theme waste 1023:1027 arg1 bagasse 1039:1045 waste sugarcane bagasse 1023:1045 waste sugarcane bagasse from the sugar industries 1023:1071 The results indicate that waste sugarcane bagasse from the sugar industries can be efficiently transformed to a magnetic adsorbent for TC removal via a facile environmentally friendly method. 28006734 4 45 theme Adsorption 626:635 arg1 kinetics 637:644 Adsorption kinetics 626:644 Adsorption kinetics 626:644 Adsorption kinetics and isotherms were investigated with tetracycline (TC) for the magnetic composites. 28006734 5 46 theme maximum 780:786 arg1 capacity 799:806 48.35mg/g maximum adsorption capacity 770:806 48.35mg/g maximum adsorption capacity 770:806 The magnetic carbon composite exhibited 48.35mg/g maximum adsorption capacity and was highly stable chemically and mechanically, with also good magnetic properties. 28006734 3 47 theme composites 614:623 arg1 properties 596:605 the physicochemical properties 576:605 the physicochemical properties of the composites 576:623 In addition, various techniques were employed to investigate the physicochemical properties of the composites. 28006734 2 48 from Effects 423:429 arg1 properties 472:481 the chemical properties 459:481 the chemical properties of the composites 459:499 Effects of NaOH and iron loading on the chemical properties of the composites were studied. 28006734 0 49 theme carbon 9:14 arg1 composites 16:25 Magnetic carbon composites 0:25 Magnetic carbon composites 0:25 Magnetic carbon composites with a hierarchical structure for adsorption of tetracycline, prepared from sugarcane bagasse via hydrothermal carbonization coupled with simple heat treatment process. 28006734 5 50 theme carbon 743:748 arg1 composite 750:758 The magnetic carbon composite 730:758 The magnetic carbon composite 730:758 The magnetic carbon composite exhibited 48.35mg/g maximum adsorption capacity and was highly stable chemically and mechanically, with also good magnetic properties. 28006734 5 50 theme carbon 743:748 arg1 stable 823:828 stable 823:828 stable 823:828 The magnetic carbon composite exhibited 48.35mg/g maximum adsorption capacity and was highly stable chemically and mechanically, with also good magnetic properties. 28421389 12 0 dep polyethylene 1578:1589 arg1 the 1574:1576 the 1574:1576 the 1574:1576 The histocompatibility of DBM-ALG (7:3) was examined using a rat model in which the materials were implanted subcutaneously, compared with the polyethylene, ALG and DBM. 28421389 11 1 theme 7:3 1372:1374 arg1 ratio 1363:1367 the optimal ratio 1351:1367 the optimal ratio of 7:3 1351:1374 The DBM-ALG with the optimal ratio of 7:3 was confirmed based on the results of the above mentioned. 28421389 8 2 theme significant 1003:1013 arg1 effect 1015:1020 a significant effect 1001:1020 a significant effect 1001:1020 The ratio of DBM had a significant effect on the swelling value. 28421389 6 3 theme DBM 869:871 arg1 content 873:879 DBM content 869:879 DBM content 869:879 The discrete diameter increased from 1.25 cm (5:5) to 2.08 cm (8:2) with the increase of DBM content. 28421389 16 4 theme defect 2075:2080 arg1 repair 2060:2065 repair 2060:2065 repair of bone defect 2060:2080 The DBM-ALG (7:3) putty is promising as a directly injectable graft for repair of bone defect. 28421389 4 5 theme 5:5 529:531 arg1 ratio 520:524 the DBM:ALG weight ratio 501:524 the DBM:ALG weight ratio of 5:5, 6:4, 7:3, 8:2 501:546 DBM-ALG putty with the DBM:ALG weight ratio of 5:5, 6:4, 7:3, 8:2 were prepared, respectively. 28421389 9 6 theme increase 1076:1083 arg1 trend 1085:1089 an increase trend 1073:1089 an increase trend 1073:1089 The pH of composites showed an increase trend with the DBM ratio's increase, when the ratio reached 7:3, the pH (7.22) was approximately equal to the body fluid. 28421389 4 7 theme DBM-ALG 482:488 arg1 putty 490:494 DBM-ALG putty 482:494 DBM-ALG putty with the DBM:ALG weight ratio of 5:5, 6:4, 7:3, 8:2 482:546 DBM-ALG putty with the DBM:ALG weight ratio of 5:5, 6:4, 7:3, 8:2 were prepared, respectively. 28421389 10 8 theme 8:2 1323:1325 arg1 group 1327:1331 the 8:2 group 1319:1331 the 8:2 group 1319:1331 The proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells was inhibited in the 5:5, 6:4 and 7:3 groups, while a slightly increased in the 8:2 group. 28421389 12 9 theme rat 1496:1498 arg1 model 1500:1504 a rat model 1494:1504 a rat model in which the materials were implanted subcutaneously, compared with the polyethylene, ALG and DBM 1494:1602 The histocompatibility of DBM-ALG (7:3) was examined using a rat model in which the materials were implanted subcutaneously, compared with the polyethylene, ALG and DBM. 28421389 8 10 contain had 997:999 arg2 effect 1015:1020 a significant effect 1001:1020 a significant effect 1001:1020 The ratio of DBM had a significant effect on the swelling value. 28421389 8 10 contain had 997:999 arg1 ratio 984:988 The ratio 980:988 The ratio of DBM 980:995 The ratio of DBM had a significant effect on the swelling value. 28421389 10 11 theme MC3T3-E1 1228:1235 arg1 cells 1237:1241 MC3T3-E1 cells 1228:1241 MC3T3-E1 cells 1228:1241 The proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells was inhibited in the 5:5, 6:4 and 7:3 groups, while a slightly increased in the 8:2 group. 28421389 15 12 theme DBM 1939:1941 arg1 group 1943:1947 the DBM group 1935:1947 the DBM group 1935:1947 The results indicated calcification area in the DBM-ALG group was similar to that in the DBM group, larger than ALG group and DMEM group. 28421389 1 13 theme powder 117:122 arg1 bone 99:102 Demineralized bone 85:102 Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) powder 85:122 Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) powder is widely used for bone regeneration due to its osteoinductivity and osteoconductivity. 28421389 16 14 theme DBM-ALG 1992:1998 arg1 promising 2015:2023 promising 2015:2023 promising 2015:2023 The DBM-ALG (7:3) putty is promising as a directly injectable graft for repair of bone defect. 28421389 16 14 theme DBM-ALG 1992:1998 arg1 putty 2006:2010 The DBM-ALG (7:3) putty 1988:2010 The DBM-ALG (7:3) putty 1988:2010 The DBM-ALG (7:3) putty is promising as a directly injectable graft for repair of bone defect. 28421389 1 15 theme Demineralized 85:97 arg1 bone 99:102 Demineralized bone 85:102 Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) powder 85:122 Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) powder is widely used for bone regeneration due to its osteoinductivity and osteoconductivity. 28421389 16 16 theme injectable 2039:2048 arg1 graft 2050:2054 a directly injectable graft 2028:2054 a directly injectable graft for repair of bone defect 2028:2080 The DBM-ALG (7:3) putty is promising as a directly injectable graft for repair of bone defect. 28421389 3 17 theme alginate 423:430 arg1 carrier 438:444 using sodium alginate (ALG) carrier 410:444 using sodium alginate (ALG) carrier to deliver DBM powder 410:466 In this work, the possibility of using sodium alginate (ALG) carrier to deliver DBM powder was assessed. 28421389 15 18 theme DMEM 1976:1979 arg1 group 1981:1985 DMEM group 1976:1985 DMEM group 1976:1985 The results indicated calcification area in the DBM-ALG group was similar to that in the DBM group, larger than ALG group and DMEM group. 28421389 7 19 theme discrete 961:968 arg1 diameter 970:977 discrete diameter 961:977 discrete diameter 961:977 There was significant difference between the 8:2 group and the other groups in discrete diameter. 28421389 2 20 theme graft 274:278 arg1 sites 280:284 graft sites 274:284 graft sites 274:284 However, difficulties with handling, tendency to migrate from graft sites and lack of stability after surgery sometimes limit the clinical utility of this material. 28421389 2 21 dep tendency 249:256 arg1 migrate 261:267 migrate 261:267 to migrate from graft sites 258:284 However, difficulties with handling, tendency to migrate from graft sites and lack of stability after surgery sometimes limit the clinical utility of this material. 28421389 11 22 theme the 1414:1416 arg1 results 1403:1409 the results 1399:1409 the results of the above mentioned 1399:1432 The DBM-ALG with the optimal ratio of 7:3 was confirmed based on the results of the above mentioned. 28421389 7 23 theme other 945:949 arg1 groups 951:956 the other groups 941:956 the other groups in discrete diameter 941:977 There was significant difference between the 8:2 group and the other groups in discrete diameter. 28421389 8 24 theme DBM 993:995 arg1 ratio 984:988 The ratio 980:988 The ratio of DBM 980:995 The ratio of DBM had a significant effect on the swelling value. 28421389 1 25 used used 134:137 arg2 bone 99:102 Demineralized bone 85:102 Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) powder 85:122 Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) powder is widely used for bone regeneration due to its osteoinductivity and osteoconductivity. 28421389 6 26 theme discrete 784:791 arg1 diameter 793:800 The discrete diameter 780:800 The discrete diameter 780:800 The discrete diameter increased from 1.25 cm (5:5) to 2.08 cm (8:2) with the increase of DBM content. 28421389 3 27 theme using 410:414 arg1 carrier 438:444 using sodium alginate (ALG) carrier 410:444 using sodium alginate (ALG) carrier to deliver DBM powder 410:466 In this work, the possibility of using sodium alginate (ALG) carrier to deliver DBM powder was assessed. 28421389 8 28 theme swelling 1029:1036 arg1 value 1038:1042 the swelling value 1025:1042 the swelling value 1025:1042 The ratio of DBM had a significant effect on the swelling value. 28421389 4 29 theme weight 513:518 arg1 ratio 520:524 the DBM:ALG weight ratio 501:524 the DBM:ALG weight ratio of 5:5, 6:4, 7:3, 8:2 501:546 DBM-ALG putty with the DBM:ALG weight ratio of 5:5, 6:4, 7:3, 8:2 were prepared, respectively. 28421389 9 30 theme composites 1055:1064 arg1 pH 1049:1050 The pH 1045:1050 The pH of composites 1045:1064 The pH of composites showed an increase trend with the DBM ratio's increase, when the ratio reached 7:3, the pH (7.22) was approximately equal to the body fluid. 28421389 16 31 theme 7:3 2001:2003 arg1 promising 2015:2023 promising 2015:2023 promising 2015:2023 The DBM-ALG (7:3) putty is promising as a directly injectable graft for repair of bone defect. 28421389 16 31 theme 7:3 2001:2003 arg1 putty 2006:2010 The DBM-ALG (7:3) putty 1988:2010 The DBM-ALG (7:3) putty 1988:2010 The DBM-ALG (7:3) putty is promising as a directly injectable graft for repair of bone defect. 28421389 3 32 theme sodium 416:421 arg1 carrier 438:444 using sodium alginate (ALG) carrier 410:444 using sodium alginate (ALG) carrier to deliver DBM powder 410:466 In this work, the possibility of using sodium alginate (ALG) carrier to deliver DBM powder was assessed. 28421389 4 33 with putty 490:494 arg1 ratio 520:524 the DBM:ALG weight ratio 501:524 the DBM:ALG weight ratio of 5:5, 6:4, 7:3, 8:2 501:546 DBM-ALG putty with the DBM:ALG weight ratio of 5:5, 6:4, 7:3, 8:2 were prepared, respectively. 28421389 4 34 theme ALG 509:511 arg1 ratio 520:524 the DBM:ALG weight ratio 501:524 the DBM:ALG weight ratio of 5:5, 6:4, 7:3, 8:2 501:546 DBM-ALG putty with the DBM:ALG weight ratio of 5:5, 6:4, 7:3, 8:2 were prepared, respectively. 28421389 5 35 theme discrete 627:634 arg1 pH 662:663 pH 662:663 pH 662:663 The properties of the formed composite, including discrete degree, washout property, pH, equilibrium swelling as well as cytotoxicity in vivo, were adopted to ascertain the optimal ratio of DBM and ALG. 28421389 5 35 theme discrete 627:634 arg1 degree 636:641 discrete degree 627:641 discrete degree 627:641 The properties of the formed composite, including discrete degree, washout property, pH, equilibrium swelling as well as cytotoxicity in vivo, were adopted to ascertain the optimal ratio of DBM and ALG. 28421389 5 35 theme discrete 627:634 arg1 property 652:659 washout property 644:659 washout property 644:659 The properties of the formed composite, including discrete degree, washout property, pH, equilibrium swelling as well as cytotoxicity in vivo, were adopted to ascertain the optimal ratio of DBM and ALG. 28421389 5 35 theme discrete 627:634 arg1 swelling 678:685 equilibrium swelling 666:685 equilibrium swelling 666:685 The properties of the formed composite, including discrete degree, washout property, pH, equilibrium swelling as well as cytotoxicity in vivo, were adopted to ascertain the optimal ratio of DBM and ALG. 28421389 13 36 theme inflammatory 1656:1667 arg1 response 1669:1676 a lower inflammatory response 1648:1676 a lower inflammatory response 1648:1676 The study in vivo showed DBM-ALG (7:3) had a lower inflammatory response than DBM, a higher vascularization than ALG. 28421389 2 37 theme stability 298:306 arg1 handling 239:246 handling 239:246 handling 239:246 However, difficulties with handling, tendency to migrate from graft sites and lack of stability after surgery sometimes limit the clinical utility of this material. 28421389 2 37 theme stability 298:306 arg1 lack 290:293 lack 290:293 lack of stability after surgery 290:320 However, difficulties with handling, tendency to migrate from graft sites and lack of stability after surgery sometimes limit the clinical utility of this material. 28421389 2 37 theme stability 298:306 arg1 tendency 249:256 tendency 249:256 tendency to migrate from graft sites 249:284 However, difficulties with handling, tendency to migrate from graft sites and lack of stability after surgery sometimes limit the clinical utility of this material. 28421389 3 38 theme carrier 438:444 arg1 possibility 395:405 the possibility 391:405 the possibility of using sodium alginate (ALG) carrier to deliver DBM powder 391:466 In this work, the possibility of using sodium alginate (ALG) carrier to deliver DBM powder was assessed. 28421389 14 39 with co-culturing 1776:1787 arg1 MC3T3-E1 1794:1801 MC3T3-E1 1794:1801 MC3T3-E1 1794:1801 The osteoinduction of DBM-ALG (7:3) was evaluated by co-culturing with MC3T3-E1 in vitro, compared with the DMEM, ALG and DBM. 28421389 10 40 theme 7:3 1277:1279 arg1 groups 1281:1286 the 5:5, 6:4 and 7:3 groups 1260:1286 the 5:5, 6:4 and 7:3 groups 1260:1286 The proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells was inhibited in the 5:5, 6:4 and 7:3 groups, while a slightly increased in the 8:2 group. 28421389 15 41 theme calcification 1872:1884 arg1 area 1886:1889 calcification area 1872:1889 calcification area 1872:1889 The results indicated calcification area in the DBM-ALG group was similar to that in the DBM group, larger than ALG group and DMEM group. 28421389 0 42 theme bone 50:53 arg1 biocompatibility 16:31 biocompatibility 16:31 biocompatibility 16:31 Preparation and biocompatibility of demineralized bone matrix/sodium alginate putty. 28421389 0 42 theme bone 50:53 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and biocompatibility of demineralized bone matrix/sodium alginate putty. 28421389 11 43 with DBM-ALG 1338:1344 arg1 ratio 1363:1367 the optimal ratio 1351:1367 the optimal ratio of 7:3 1351:1374 The DBM-ALG with the optimal ratio of 7:3 was confirmed based on the results of the above mentioned. 28421389 7 44 theme 8:2 927:929 arg1 group 931:935 the 8:2 group 923:935 the 8:2 group 923:935 There was significant difference between the 8:2 group and the other groups in discrete diameter. 28421389 5 45 theme optimal 750:756 arg1 ratio 758:762 the optimal ratio 746:762 the optimal ratio of DBM and ALG 746:777 The properties of the formed composite, including discrete degree, washout property, pH, equilibrium swelling as well as cytotoxicity in vivo, were adopted to ascertain the optimal ratio of DBM and ALG. 28421389 5 46 theme ALG 775:777 arg1 ratio 758:762 the optimal ratio 746:762 the optimal ratio of DBM and ALG 746:777 The properties of the formed composite, including discrete degree, washout property, pH, equilibrium swelling as well as cytotoxicity in vivo, were adopted to ascertain the optimal ratio of DBM and ALG. 28421389 3 47 theme ALG 433:435 arg1 carrier 438:444 using sodium alginate (ALG) carrier 410:444 using sodium alginate (ALG) carrier to deliver DBM powder 410:466 In this work, the possibility of using sodium alginate (ALG) carrier to deliver DBM powder was assessed. 28421389 0 48 theme demineralized 36:48 arg1 bone 50:53 demineralized bone 36:53 demineralized bone 36:53 Preparation and biocompatibility of demineralized bone matrix/sodium alginate putty. 28421389 5 49 theme washout 644:650 arg1 degree 636:641 discrete degree 627:641 discrete degree 627:641 The properties of the formed composite, including discrete degree, washout property, pH, equilibrium swelling as well as cytotoxicity in vivo, were adopted to ascertain the optimal ratio of DBM and ALG. 28421389 5 49 theme washout 644:650 arg1 property 652:659 washout property 644:659 washout property 644:659 The properties of the formed composite, including discrete degree, washout property, pH, equilibrium swelling as well as cytotoxicity in vivo, were adopted to ascertain the optimal ratio of DBM and ALG. 28421389 13 50 theme lower 1650:1654 arg1 response 1669:1676 a lower inflammatory response 1648:1676 a lower inflammatory response 1648:1676 The study in vivo showed DBM-ALG (7:3) had a lower inflammatory response than DBM, a higher vascularization than ALG. 28421389 11 51 theme optimal 1355:1361 arg1 ratio 1363:1367 the optimal ratio 1351:1367 the optimal ratio of 7:3 1351:1374 The DBM-ALG with the optimal ratio of 7:3 was confirmed based on the results of the above mentioned. 28421389 0 52 theme alginate 69:76 arg1 putty 78:82 alginate putty 69:82 alginate putty 69:82 Preparation and biocompatibility of demineralized bone matrix/sodium alginate putty. 28421389 5 53 theme formed 599:604 arg1 composite 606:614 the formed composite 595:614 the formed composite 595:614 The properties of the formed composite, including discrete degree, washout property, pH, equilibrium swelling as well as cytotoxicity in vivo, were adopted to ascertain the optimal ratio of DBM and ALG. 28421389 2 54 with difficulties 221:232 arg1 handling 239:246 handling 239:246 handling 239:246 However, difficulties with handling, tendency to migrate from graft sites and lack of stability after surgery sometimes limit the clinical utility of this material. 28421389 2 54 with difficulties 221:232 arg1 lack 290:293 lack 290:293 lack of stability after surgery 290:320 However, difficulties with handling, tendency to migrate from graft sites and lack of stability after surgery sometimes limit the clinical utility of this material. 28421389 2 54 with difficulties 221:232 arg1 tendency 249:256 tendency 249:256 tendency to migrate from graft sites 249:284 However, difficulties with handling, tendency to migrate from graft sites and lack of stability after surgery sometimes limit the clinical utility of this material. 28421389 14 55 theme DBM-ALG 1745:1751 arg1 osteoinduction 1727:1740 The osteoinduction 1723:1740 The osteoinduction of DBM-ALG (7:3) 1723:1757 The osteoinduction of DBM-ALG (7:3) was evaluated by co-culturing with MC3T3-E1 in vitro, compared with the DMEM, ALG and DBM. 28421389 2 56 theme clinical 342:349 arg1 utility 351:357 the clinical utility 338:357 the clinical utility of this material 338:374 However, difficulties with handling, tendency to migrate from graft sites and lack of stability after surgery sometimes limit the clinical utility of this material. 28421389 10 57 theme 6:4 1269:1271 arg1 groups 1281:1286 the 5:5, 6:4 and 7:3 groups 1260:1286 the 5:5, 6:4 and 7:3 groups 1260:1286 The proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells was inhibited in the 5:5, 6:4 and 7:3 groups, while a slightly increased in the 8:2 group. 28421389 5 58 theme composite 606:614 arg1 properties 581:590 The properties 577:590 The properties 577:590 The properties of the formed composite, including discrete degree, washout property, pH, equilibrium swelling as well as cytotoxicity in vivo, were adopted to ascertain the optimal ratio of DBM and ALG. 28421389 5 58 theme composite 606:614 arg1 cytotoxicity 698:709 cytotoxicity 698:709 discrete degree, washout property, pH, equilibrium swelling as well as cytotoxicity in vivo 627:717 The properties of the formed composite, including discrete degree, washout property, pH, equilibrium swelling as well as cytotoxicity in vivo, were adopted to ascertain the optimal ratio of DBM and ALG. 28421389 5 58 theme composite 606:614 arg1 degree 636:641 discrete degree 627:641 discrete degree 627:641 The properties of the formed composite, including discrete degree, washout property, pH, equilibrium swelling as well as cytotoxicity in vivo, were adopted to ascertain the optimal ratio of DBM and ALG. 28421389 10 59 theme 5:5 1264:1266 arg1 groups 1281:1286 the 5:5, 6:4 and 7:3 groups 1260:1286 the 5:5, 6:4 and 7:3 groups 1260:1286 The proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells was inhibited in the 5:5, 6:4 and 7:3 groups, while a slightly increased in the 8:2 group. 28421389 10 60 theme cells 1237:1241 arg1 proliferation 1211:1223 The proliferation 1207:1223 The proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells 1207:1241 The proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells was inhibited in the 5:5, 6:4 and 7:3 groups, while a slightly increased in the 8:2 group. 28421389 4 61 theme DBM 505:507 arg1 ratio 520:524 the DBM:ALG weight ratio 501:524 the DBM:ALG weight ratio of 5:5, 6:4, 7:3, 8:2 501:546 DBM-ALG putty with the DBM:ALG weight ratio of 5:5, 6:4, 7:3, 8:2 were prepared, respectively. 28421389 7 62 theme significant 892:902 arg1 difference 904:913 significant difference 892:913 significant difference between the 8:2 group and the other groups in discrete diameter 892:977 There was significant difference between the 8:2 group and the other groups in discrete diameter. 28421389 9 63 theme DBM 1100:1102 arg1 ratio 1104:1108 the DBM ratio 1096:1108 the DBM ratio's increase 1096:1119 The pH of composites showed an increase trend with the DBM ratio's increase, when the ratio reached 7:3, the pH (7.22) was approximately equal to the body fluid. 28421389 12 64 theme DBM-ALG 1461:1467 arg1 histocompatibility 1439:1456 The histocompatibility 1435:1456 The histocompatibility of DBM-ALG (7:3) 1435:1473 The histocompatibility of DBM-ALG (7:3) was examined using a rat model in which the materials were implanted subcutaneously, compared with the polyethylene, ALG and DBM. 28421389 13 65 dep showed 1623:1628 arg1 had 1644:1646 had 1644:1646 showed DBM-ALG (7:3) had a lower inflammatory response than DBM, a higher vascularization than ALG 1623:1720 The study in vivo showed DBM-ALG (7:3) had a lower inflammatory response than DBM, a higher vascularization than ALG. 28421389 15 66 theme DBM-ALG 1898:1904 arg1 group 1906:1910 the DBM-ALG group 1894:1910 the DBM-ALG group was similar to that in the DBM group, larger than ALG group and DMEM group 1894:1985 The results indicated calcification area in the DBM-ALG group was similar to that in the DBM group, larger than ALG group and DMEM group. 28421389 7 67 from groups 951:956 arg1 diameter 970:977 discrete diameter 961:977 discrete diameter 961:977 There was significant difference between the 8:2 group and the other groups in discrete diameter. 28421389 3 68 theme DBM 457:459 arg1 powder 461:466 DBM powder 457:466 DBM powder 457:466 In this work, the possibility of using sodium alginate (ALG) carrier to deliver DBM powder was assessed. 28421389 5 69 theme equilibrium 666:676 arg1 swelling 678:685 equilibrium swelling 666:685 equilibrium swelling 666:685 The properties of the formed composite, including discrete degree, washout property, pH, equilibrium swelling as well as cytotoxicity in vivo, were adopted to ascertain the optimal ratio of DBM and ALG. 28421389 5 69 theme equilibrium 666:676 arg1 degree 636:641 discrete degree 627:641 discrete degree 627:641 The properties of the formed composite, including discrete degree, washout property, pH, equilibrium swelling as well as cytotoxicity in vivo, were adopted to ascertain the optimal ratio of DBM and ALG. 28421389 7 70 from group 931:935 arg1 diameter 970:977 discrete diameter 961:977 discrete diameter 961:977 There was significant difference between the 8:2 group and the other groups in discrete diameter. 28421389 13 71 theme higher 1690:1695 arg1 vascularization 1697:1711 a higher vascularization 1688:1711 a higher vascularization than ALG 1688:1720 The study in vivo showed DBM-ALG (7:3) had a lower inflammatory response than DBM, a higher vascularization than ALG. 28421389 13 71 theme higher 1690:1695 arg1 DBM 1683:1685 DBM 1683:1685 DBM 1683:1685 The study in vivo showed DBM-ALG (7:3) had a lower inflammatory response than DBM, a higher vascularization than ALG. 28421389 2 72 theme material 367:374 arg1 utility 351:357 the clinical utility 338:357 the clinical utility of this material 338:374 However, difficulties with handling, tendency to migrate from graft sites and lack of stability after surgery sometimes limit the clinical utility of this material. 28421389 5 73 theme DBM 767:769 arg1 ratio 758:762 the optimal ratio 746:762 the optimal ratio of DBM and ALG 746:777 The properties of the formed composite, including discrete degree, washout property, pH, equilibrium swelling as well as cytotoxicity in vivo, were adopted to ascertain the optimal ratio of DBM and ALG. 28421389 9 74 theme body 1195:1198 arg1 fluid 1200:1204 the body fluid 1191:1204 the body fluid 1191:1204 The pH of composites showed an increase trend with the DBM ratio's increase, when the ratio reached 7:3, the pH (7.22) was approximately equal to the body fluid. 28421389 16 75 theme bone 2070:2073 arg1 defect 2075:2080 bone defect 2070:2080 bone defect 2070:2080 The DBM-ALG (7:3) putty is promising as a directly injectable graft for repair of bone defect. 28421389 1 76 theme bone 143:146 arg1 regeneration 148:159 bone regeneration 143:159 bone regeneration due to its osteoinductivity and osteoconductivity 143:209 Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) powder is widely used for bone regeneration due to its osteoinductivity and osteoconductivity. 28421389 6 77 theme content 873:879 arg1 increase 857:864 the increase 853:864 the increase of DBM content 853:879 The discrete diameter increased from 1.25 cm (5:5) to 2.08 cm (8:2) with the increase of DBM content. 28363533 6 0 theme distinct 700:707 arg1 properties 721:730 distinct rheological properties 700:730 distinct rheological properties 700:730 They also exhibit distinct rheological properties in aqueous solution, despite analytical techniques including NMR showing little difference between them. 28363533 1 1 theme barrier 247:253 arg1 creation 219:226 the creation 215:226 the creation of a water-holding barrier around seeds 215:266 Mucilages are hydrocolloid solutions produced by plants for a variety of functions, including the creation of a water-holding barrier around seeds. 28363533 2 2 theme layers 342:347 arg1 formation 305:313 the formation 301:313 the formation of three distinct mucilage layers 301:347 Here we report our discovery of the formation of three distinct mucilage layers around Plantago ovata seeds upon their hydration. 28363533 0 3 theme arabinoxylan 95:106 arg1 chains 113:118 arabinoxylan side chains 95:118 arabinoxylan side chains 95:118 Multi-layer mucilage of Plantago ovata seeds: Rheological differences arise from variations in arabinoxylan side chains. 28363533 7 4 theme key 953:955 arg1 bonding 913:919 hydrogen bonding 904:919 hydrogen bonding 904:919 Using enzymatic hydrolysis and chaotropic solvents, we reveal that hydrogen bonding and side chain distribution are key factors underpinning the distinct rheological properties of these complex AXs. 28363533 7 4 theme key 953:955 arg1 distribution 936:947 side chain distribution 925:947 side chain distribution 925:947 Using enzymatic hydrolysis and chaotropic solvents, we reveal that hydrogen bonding and side chain distribution are key factors underpinning the distinct rheological properties of these complex AXs. 28363533 7 4 theme key 953:955 arg1 factors 957:963 key factors 953:963 key factors underpinning the distinct rheological properties of these complex AXs 953:1033 Using enzymatic hydrolysis and chaotropic solvents, we reveal that hydrogen bonding and side chain distribution are key factors underpinning the distinct rheological properties of these complex AXs. 28363533 7 5 theme distinct 982:989 arg1 properties 1003:1012 the distinct rheological properties 978:1012 the distinct rheological properties of these complex AXs 978:1033 Using enzymatic hydrolysis and chaotropic solvents, we reveal that hydrogen bonding and side chain distribution are key factors underpinning the distinct rheological properties of these complex AXs. 28363533 4 6 contain contain 516:522 arg1 they 487:490 they 487:490 they 487:490 These AXs are unusual because they are highly branched and contain β-1,3-linked xylose in their side chains. 28363533 4 6 contain contain 516:522 arg2 xylose 537:542 β-1,3-linked xylose 524:542 β-1,3-linked xylose in their side chains 524:563 These AXs are unusual because they are highly branched and contain β-1,3-linked xylose in their side chains. 28363533 4 7 link β-1,3-linked 524:535 arg1 xylose 537:542 β-1,3-linked xylose 524:542 β-1,3-linked xylose in their side chains 524:563 These AXs are unusual because they are highly branched and contain β-1,3-linked xylose in their side chains. 28363533 6 8 theme little 805:810 arg1 difference 812:821 little difference 805:821 little difference between them 805:834 They also exhibit distinct rheological properties in aqueous solution, despite analytical techniques including NMR showing little difference between them. 28363533 7 9 theme chaotropic 868:877 arg1 solvents 879:886 chaotropic solvents 868:886 chaotropic solvents 868:886 Using enzymatic hydrolysis and chaotropic solvents, we reveal that hydrogen bonding and side chain distribution are key factors underpinning the distinct rheological properties of these complex AXs. 28363533 5 10 theme similar 594:600 arg1 monosaccharide 602:615 similar monosaccharide and linkage composition 594:639 monosaccharide 602:615 We show that these AXs have similar monosaccharide and linkage composition, but vary in their polymer conformation. 28363533 3 11 theme different 426:434 arg1 AXs 451:453 AXs 451:453 AXs 451:453 Each layer is dominated by different arabinoxylans (AXs). 28363533 3 11 theme different 426:434 arg1 arabinoxylans 436:448 different arabinoxylans 426:448 different arabinoxylans (AXs) 426:454 Each layer is dominated by different arabinoxylans (AXs). 28363533 0 12 theme side 108:111 arg1 chains 113:118 arabinoxylan side chains 95:118 arabinoxylan side chains 95:118 Multi-layer mucilage of Plantago ovata seeds: Rheological differences arise from variations in arabinoxylan side chains. 28363533 5 13 contain have 589:592 arg1 AXs 585:587 these AXs 579:587 these AXs 579:587 We show that these AXs have similar monosaccharide and linkage composition, but vary in their polymer conformation. 28363533 5 13 contain have 589:592 arg2 composition 629:639 similar monosaccharide and linkage composition 594:639 composition 629:639 We show that these AXs have similar monosaccharide and linkage composition, but vary in their polymer conformation. 28363533 5 13 contain have 589:592 arg2 monosaccharide 602:615 similar monosaccharide and linkage composition 594:639 monosaccharide 602:615 We show that these AXs have similar monosaccharide and linkage composition, but vary in their polymer conformation. 28363533 2 14 theme formation 305:313 arg1 discovery 288:296 our discovery 284:296 our discovery of the formation of three distinct mucilage layers around Plantago ovata seeds upon their hydration 284:396 Here we report our discovery of the formation of three distinct mucilage layers around Plantago ovata seeds upon their hydration. 28363533 0 15 theme Multi-layer 0:10 arg1 mucilage 12:19 Multi-layer mucilage 0:19 Multi-layer mucilage of Plantago ovata seeds: Rheological differences arise from variations in arabinoxylan side chains. 0:119 Multi-layer mucilage of Plantago ovata seeds: Rheological differences arise from variations in arabinoxylan side chains. 28363533 5 16 theme linkage 621:627 arg1 composition 629:639 similar monosaccharide and linkage composition 594:639 composition 629:639 We show that these AXs have similar monosaccharide and linkage composition, but vary in their polymer conformation. 28363533 7 17 theme chain 930:934 arg1 bonding 913:919 hydrogen bonding 904:919 hydrogen bonding 904:919 Using enzymatic hydrolysis and chaotropic solvents, we reveal that hydrogen bonding and side chain distribution are key factors underpinning the distinct rheological properties of these complex AXs. 28363533 7 17 theme chain 930:934 arg1 distribution 936:947 side chain distribution 925:947 side chain distribution 925:947 Using enzymatic hydrolysis and chaotropic solvents, we reveal that hydrogen bonding and side chain distribution are key factors underpinning the distinct rheological properties of these complex AXs. 28363533 7 17 theme chain 930:934 arg1 factors 957:963 key factors 953:963 key factors underpinning the distinct rheological properties of these complex AXs 953:1033 Using enzymatic hydrolysis and chaotropic solvents, we reveal that hydrogen bonding and side chain distribution are key factors underpinning the distinct rheological properties of these complex AXs. 28363533 0 18 theme Plantago 24:31 arg1 seeds 39:43 Plantago ovata seeds 24:43 Plantago ovata seeds 24:43 Multi-layer mucilage of Plantago ovata seeds: Rheological differences arise from variations in arabinoxylan side chains. 28363533 6 19 theme analytical 761:770 arg1 NMR 793:795 NMR 793:795 NMR showing little difference between them 793:834 They also exhibit distinct rheological properties in aqueous solution, despite analytical techniques including NMR showing little difference between them. 28363533 6 19 theme analytical 761:770 arg1 techniques 772:781 analytical techniques 761:781 analytical techniques including NMR showing little difference between them 761:834 They also exhibit distinct rheological properties in aqueous solution, despite analytical techniques including NMR showing little difference between them. 28363533 7 20 theme enzymatic 843:851 arg1 hydrolysis 853:862 enzymatic hydrolysis 843:862 enzymatic hydrolysis 843:862 Using enzymatic hydrolysis and chaotropic solvents, we reveal that hydrogen bonding and side chain distribution are key factors underpinning the distinct rheological properties of these complex AXs. 28363533 1 21 theme functions 194:202 arg1 variety 183:189 a variety 181:189 a variety of functions, including the creation of a water-holding barrier around seeds 181:266 Mucilages are hydrocolloid solutions produced by plants for a variety of functions, including the creation of a water-holding barrier around seeds. 28363533 1 21 theme functions 194:202 arg1 creation 219:226 the creation 215:226 the creation of a water-holding barrier around seeds 215:266 Mucilages are hydrocolloid solutions produced by plants for a variety of functions, including the creation of a water-holding barrier around seeds. 28363533 1 21 theme functions 194:202 arg1 functions 194:202 functions 194:202 functions 194:202 Mucilages are hydrocolloid solutions produced by plants for a variety of functions, including the creation of a water-holding barrier around seeds. 28363533 4 22 from xylose 537:542 arg1 chains 558:563 their side chains 547:563 their side chains 547:563 These AXs are unusual because they are highly branched and contain β-1,3-linked xylose in their side chains. 28363533 4 23 theme side 553:556 arg1 chains 558:563 their side chains 547:563 their side chains 547:563 These AXs are unusual because they are highly branched and contain β-1,3-linked xylose in their side chains. 28363533 0 24 from variations 81:90 arg1 chains 113:118 arabinoxylan side chains 95:118 arabinoxylan side chains 95:118 Multi-layer mucilage of Plantago ovata seeds: Rheological differences arise from variations in arabinoxylan side chains. 28363533 0 25 theme seeds 39:43 arg1 mucilage 12:19 Multi-layer mucilage 0:19 Multi-layer mucilage of Plantago ovata seeds: Rheological differences arise from variations in arabinoxylan side chains. 0:119 Multi-layer mucilage of Plantago ovata seeds: Rheological differences arise from variations in arabinoxylan side chains. 28363533 0 26 theme ovata 33:37 arg1 seeds 39:43 Plantago ovata seeds 24:43 Plantago ovata seeds 24:43 Multi-layer mucilage of Plantago ovata seeds: Rheological differences arise from variations in arabinoxylan side chains. 28363533 0 27 theme Rheological 46:56 arg1 differences 58:68 Rheological differences 46:68 Rheological differences 46:68 Multi-layer mucilage of Plantago ovata seeds: Rheological differences arise from variations in arabinoxylan side chains. 28363533 2 28 theme mucilage 333:340 arg1 layers 342:347 three distinct mucilage layers 318:347 three distinct mucilage layers 318:347 Here we report our discovery of the formation of three distinct mucilage layers around Plantago ovata seeds upon their hydration. 28363533 4 29 theme β-1,3-linked 524:535 arg1 xylose 537:542 β-1,3-linked xylose 524:542 β-1,3-linked xylose in their side chains 524:563 These AXs are unusual because they are highly branched and contain β-1,3-linked xylose in their side chains. 28363533 7 30 theme complex 1023:1029 arg1 AXs 1031:1033 these complex AXs 1017:1033 these complex AXs 1017:1033 Using enzymatic hydrolysis and chaotropic solvents, we reveal that hydrogen bonding and side chain distribution are key factors underpinning the distinct rheological properties of these complex AXs. 28363533 2 31 theme distinct 324:331 arg1 layers 342:347 three distinct mucilage layers 318:347 three distinct mucilage layers 318:347 Here we report our discovery of the formation of three distinct mucilage layers around Plantago ovata seeds upon their hydration. 28363533 5 32 theme polymer 660:666 arg1 conformation 668:679 their polymer conformation 654:679 their polymer conformation 654:679 We show that these AXs have similar monosaccharide and linkage composition, but vary in their polymer conformation. 28363533 6 33 theme aqueous 735:741 arg1 solution 743:750 aqueous solution 735:750 aqueous solution 735:750 They also exhibit distinct rheological properties in aqueous solution, despite analytical techniques including NMR showing little difference between them. 28363533 7 34 theme rheological 991:1001 arg1 properties 1003:1012 the distinct rheological properties 978:1012 the distinct rheological properties of these complex AXs 978:1033 Using enzymatic hydrolysis and chaotropic solvents, we reveal that hydrogen bonding and side chain distribution are key factors underpinning the distinct rheological properties of these complex AXs. 28363533 7 35 theme AXs 1031:1033 arg1 properties 1003:1012 the distinct rheological properties 978:1012 the distinct rheological properties of these complex AXs 978:1033 Using enzymatic hydrolysis and chaotropic solvents, we reveal that hydrogen bonding and side chain distribution are key factors underpinning the distinct rheological properties of these complex AXs. 28363533 1 36 theme hydrocolloid 135:146 arg1 Mucilages 121:129 Mucilages 121:129 Mucilages 121:129 Mucilages are hydrocolloid solutions produced by plants for a variety of functions, including the creation of a water-holding barrier around seeds. 28363533 1 36 theme hydrocolloid 135:146 arg1 solutions 148:156 hydrocolloid solutions 135:156 hydrocolloid solutions produced by plants for a variety of functions, including the creation of a water-holding barrier around seeds 135:266 Mucilages are hydrocolloid solutions produced by plants for a variety of functions, including the creation of a water-holding barrier around seeds. 28363533 7 37 theme hydrogen 904:911 arg1 bonding 913:919 hydrogen bonding 904:919 hydrogen bonding 904:919 Using enzymatic hydrolysis and chaotropic solvents, we reveal that hydrogen bonding and side chain distribution are key factors underpinning the distinct rheological properties of these complex AXs. 28363533 7 37 theme hydrogen 904:911 arg1 distribution 936:947 side chain distribution 925:947 side chain distribution 925:947 Using enzymatic hydrolysis and chaotropic solvents, we reveal that hydrogen bonding and side chain distribution are key factors underpinning the distinct rheological properties of these complex AXs. 28363533 7 37 theme hydrogen 904:911 arg1 factors 957:963 key factors 953:963 key factors underpinning the distinct rheological properties of these complex AXs 953:1033 Using enzymatic hydrolysis and chaotropic solvents, we reveal that hydrogen bonding and side chain distribution are key factors underpinning the distinct rheological properties of these complex AXs. 28363533 0 38 dep mucilage 12:19 arg1 arise 70:74 arise 70:74 arise from variations in arabinoxylan side chains 70:118 Multi-layer mucilage of Plantago ovata seeds: Rheological differences arise from variations in arabinoxylan side chains. 28363533 2 39 theme ovata 365:369 arg1 seeds 371:375 Plantago ovata seeds 356:375 Plantago ovata seeds upon their hydration 356:396 Here we report our discovery of the formation of three distinct mucilage layers around Plantago ovata seeds upon their hydration. 28363533 7 40 theme side 925:928 arg1 chain 930:934 side chain 925:934 side chain distribution 925:947 Using enzymatic hydrolysis and chaotropic solvents, we reveal that hydrogen bonding and side chain distribution are key factors underpinning the distinct rheological properties of these complex AXs. 28363533 6 41 theme rheological 709:719 arg1 properties 721:730 distinct rheological properties 700:730 distinct rheological properties 700:730 They also exhibit distinct rheological properties in aqueous solution, despite analytical techniques including NMR showing little difference between them. 28363533 2 42 theme Plantago 356:363 arg1 seeds 371:375 Plantago ovata seeds 356:375 Plantago ovata seeds upon their hydration 356:396 Here we report our discovery of the formation of three distinct mucilage layers around Plantago ovata seeds upon their hydration. 28363533 1 43 theme water-holding 233:245 arg1 barrier 247:253 a water-holding barrier 231:253 a water-holding barrier around seeds 231:266 Mucilages are hydrocolloid solutions produced by plants for a variety of functions, including the creation of a water-holding barrier around seeds. 24188852 6 0 theme hydrophilic 884:894 arg1 nature 896:901 the initial hydrophilic nature 872:901 the initial hydrophilic nature of cellulose film 872:919 Moreover, the initial hydrophilic nature of cellulose film changes to somewhat hydrophobic through incorporation of hydrophilic MTM platelets. 24188852 7 1 theme cellulose 1049:1057 arg1 chains 1059:1064 cellulose chains 1049:1064 cellulose chains 1049:1064 This is probably because the orientation of cellulose chains on the film surface changes by the formation of numerous hydrogen bonds between cellulose molecules and MTM platelets. 24188852 4 2 theme cellulose 555:563 arg1 film 565:568 the original cellulose film 542:568 the original cellulose film 542:568 The nanocomposite films possess high mechanical strength and gas barrier properties, and lower coefficients of thermal expansion than those of the original cellulose film. 24188852 7 3 theme chains 1059:1064 arg1 orientation 1034:1044 the orientation 1030:1044 the orientation of cellulose chains on the film surface 1030:1084 This is probably because the orientation of cellulose chains on the film surface changes by the formation of numerous hydrogen bonds between cellulose molecules and MTM platelets. 24188852 7 3 theme chains 1059:1064 arg1 changes 1086:1092 changes 1086:1092 changes by the formation of numerous hydrogen bonds between cellulose molecules and MTM platelets 1086:1182 This is probably because the orientation of cellulose chains on the film surface changes by the formation of numerous hydrogen bonds between cellulose molecules and MTM platelets. 24188852 4 4 theme mechanical 436:445 arg1 strength 447:454 high mechanical strength 431:454 high mechanical strength 431:454 The nanocomposite films possess high mechanical strength and gas barrier properties, and lower coefficients of thermal expansion than those of the original cellulose film. 24188852 1 5 dep cellulose-clay 122:135 arg1 MTM 155:157 MTM 155:157 MTM 155:157 Transparent and flexible cellulose-clay (montmorillonite, MTM) nanocomposite films are prepared from cellulose/LiOH/urea solutions. 24188852 1 5 dep cellulose-clay 122:135 arg1 montmorillonite 138:152 montmorillonite 138:152 montmorillonite 138:152 Transparent and flexible cellulose-clay (montmorillonite, MTM) nanocomposite films are prepared from cellulose/LiOH/urea solutions. 24188852 7 6 from orientation 1034:1044 arg1 surface 1078:1084 the film surface 1069:1084 the film surface 1069:1084 This is probably because the orientation of cellulose chains on the film surface changes by the formation of numerous hydrogen bonds between cellulose molecules and MTM platelets. 24188852 7 7 theme bonds 1132:1136 arg1 formation 1101:1109 the formation 1097:1109 the formation of numerous hydrogen bonds between cellulose molecules and MTM platelets 1097:1182 This is probably because the orientation of cellulose chains on the film surface changes by the formation of numerous hydrogen bonds between cellulose molecules and MTM platelets. 24188852 4 8 theme original 546:553 arg1 film 565:568 the original cellulose film 542:568 the original cellulose film 542:568 The nanocomposite films possess high mechanical strength and gas barrier properties, and lower coefficients of thermal expansion than those of the original cellulose film. 24188852 5 9 theme Young 671:675 arg1 modulus 679:685 Young's modulus 671:685 Young's modulus 161 and 180% greater than those of the 100% cellulose film 671:744 In particular, the composite film of 85% cellulose and 15% MTM has the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus 161 and 180% greater than those of the 100% cellulose film, and coefficient of thermal expansion and oxygen permeability at 50-75% RH decrease to 60 and 42-33%, respectively. 24188852 4 10 theme high 431:434 arg1 strength 447:454 high mechanical strength 431:454 high mechanical strength 431:454 The nanocomposite films possess high mechanical strength and gas barrier properties, and lower coefficients of thermal expansion than those of the original cellulose film. 24188852 7 11 theme MTM 1170:1172 arg1 platelets 1174:1182 MTM platelets 1170:1182 MTM platelets 1170:1182 This is probably because the orientation of cellulose chains on the film surface changes by the formation of numerous hydrogen bonds between cellulose molecules and MTM platelets. 24188852 4 12 theme expansion 518:526 arg1 properties 472:481 gas barrier properties 460:481 gas barrier properties 460:481 The nanocomposite films possess high mechanical strength and gas barrier properties, and lower coefficients of thermal expansion than those of the original cellulose film. 24188852 4 12 theme expansion 518:526 arg1 coefficients 494:505 lower coefficients 488:505 lower coefficients of thermal expansion 488:526 The nanocomposite films possess high mechanical strength and gas barrier properties, and lower coefficients of thermal expansion than those of the original cellulose film. 24188852 4 12 theme expansion 518:526 arg1 strength 447:454 high mechanical strength 431:454 high mechanical strength 431:454 The nanocomposite films possess high mechanical strength and gas barrier properties, and lower coefficients of thermal expansion than those of the original cellulose film. 24188852 5 13 contain has 634:636 arg2 modulus 679:685 Young's modulus 671:685 Young's modulus 161 and 180% greater than those of the 100% cellulose film 671:744 In particular, the composite film of 85% cellulose and 15% MTM has the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus 161 and 180% greater than those of the 100% cellulose film, and coefficient of thermal expansion and oxygen permeability at 50-75% RH decrease to 60 and 42-33%, respectively. 24188852 5 13 contain has 634:636 arg2 coefficient 751:761 coefficient 751:761 coefficient of thermal expansion and oxygen permeability 751:806 In particular, the composite film of 85% cellulose and 15% MTM has the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus 161 and 180% greater than those of the 100% cellulose film, and coefficient of thermal expansion and oxygen permeability at 50-75% RH decrease to 60 and 42-33%, respectively. 24188852 5 13 contain has 634:636 arg2 strength 658:665 the highest tensile strength 638:665 the highest tensile strength 638:665 In particular, the composite film of 85% cellulose and 15% MTM has the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus 161 and 180% greater than those of the 100% cellulose film, and coefficient of thermal expansion and oxygen permeability at 50-75% RH decrease to 60 and 42-33%, respectively. 24188852 5 13 contain has 634:636 arg1 film 600:603 the composite film 586:603 the composite film of 85% cellulose and 15% MTM 586:632 In particular, the composite film of 85% cellulose and 15% MTM has the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus 161 and 180% greater than those of the 100% cellulose film, and coefficient of thermal expansion and oxygen permeability at 50-75% RH decrease to 60 and 42-33%, respectively. 24188852 5 14 theme % 628:628 arg1 MTM 630:632 15% MTM 626:632 15% MTM 626:632 In particular, the composite film of 85% cellulose and 15% MTM has the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus 161 and 180% greater than those of the 100% cellulose film, and coefficient of thermal expansion and oxygen permeability at 50-75% RH decrease to 60 and 42-33%, respectively. 24188852 3 15 from present 333:339 arg1 MTM 344:346 MTM 344:346 MTM 344:346 Almost no Na ions are present in MTM, probably because they are substituted by Li ions. 24188852 5 16 theme 100 726:728 arg1 % 729:729 % 729:729 % 729:729 In particular, the composite film of 85% cellulose and 15% MTM has the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus 161 and 180% greater than those of the 100% cellulose film, and coefficient of thermal expansion and oxygen permeability at 50-75% RH decrease to 60 and 42-33%, respectively. 24188852 4 17 theme thermal 510:516 arg1 expansion 518:526 thermal expansion 510:526 thermal expansion 510:526 The nanocomposite films possess high mechanical strength and gas barrier properties, and lower coefficients of thermal expansion than those of the original cellulose film. 24188852 5 18 theme MTM 630:632 arg1 film 600:603 the composite film 586:603 the composite film of 85% cellulose and 15% MTM 586:632 In particular, the composite film of 85% cellulose and 15% MTM has the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus 161 and 180% greater than those of the 100% cellulose film, and coefficient of thermal expansion and oxygen permeability at 50-75% RH decrease to 60 and 42-33%, respectively. 24188852 1 19 theme Transparent 97:107 arg1 cellulose-clay 122:135 Transparent and flexible cellulose-clay 97:135 Transparent and flexible cellulose-clay (montmorillonite, MTM) nanocomposite films 97:178 Transparent and flexible cellulose-clay (montmorillonite, MTM) nanocomposite films are prepared from cellulose/LiOH/urea solutions. 24188852 1 20 theme cellulose/LiOH/urea 198:216 arg1 solutions 218:226 cellulose/LiOH/urea solutions 198:226 cellulose/LiOH/urea solutions 198:226 Transparent and flexible cellulose-clay (montmorillonite, MTM) nanocomposite films are prepared from cellulose/LiOH/urea solutions. 24188852 3 21 theme Li 390:391 arg1 ions 393:396 Li ions 390:396 Li ions 390:396 Almost no Na ions are present in MTM, probably because they are substituted by Li ions. 24188852 3 22 theme no 318:319 arg1 ions 324:327 Almost no Na ions 311:327 Almost no Na ions 311:327 Almost no Na ions are present in MTM, probably because they are substituted by Li ions. 24188852 4 23 theme nanocomposite 403:415 arg1 films 417:421 The nanocomposite films 399:421 The nanocomposite films 399:421 The nanocomposite films possess high mechanical strength and gas barrier properties, and lower coefficients of thermal expansion than those of the original cellulose film. 24188852 0 24 theme Cellulose-clay 0:13 arg1 films 37:41 Cellulose-clay layered nanocomposite films 0:41 Cellulose-clay layered nanocomposite films 0:41 Cellulose-clay layered nanocomposite films fabricated from aqueous cellulose/LiOH/urea solution. 24188852 0 25 theme layered 15:21 arg1 films 37:41 Cellulose-clay layered nanocomposite films 0:41 Cellulose-clay layered nanocomposite films 0:41 Cellulose-clay layered nanocomposite films fabricated from aqueous cellulose/LiOH/urea solution. 24188852 5 26 theme highest 642:648 arg1 strength 658:665 the highest tensile strength 638:665 the highest tensile strength 638:665 In particular, the composite film of 85% cellulose and 15% MTM has the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus 161 and 180% greater than those of the 100% cellulose film, and coefficient of thermal expansion and oxygen permeability at 50-75% RH decrease to 60 and 42-33%, respectively. 24188852 5 27 theme 85 608:609 arg1 % 610:610 % 610:610 % 610:610 In particular, the composite film of 85% cellulose and 15% MTM has the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus 161 and 180% greater than those of the 100% cellulose film, and coefficient of thermal expansion and oxygen permeability at 50-75% RH decrease to 60 and 42-33%, respectively. 24188852 1 28 theme flexible 113:120 arg1 cellulose-clay 122:135 Transparent and flexible cellulose-clay 97:135 Transparent and flexible cellulose-clay (montmorillonite, MTM) nanocomposite films 97:178 Transparent and flexible cellulose-clay (montmorillonite, MTM) nanocomposite films are prepared from cellulose/LiOH/urea solutions. 24188852 4 29 contain possess 423:429 arg1 films 417:421 The nanocomposite films 399:421 The nanocomposite films 399:421 The nanocomposite films possess high mechanical strength and gas barrier properties, and lower coefficients of thermal expansion than those of the original cellulose film. 24188852 4 29 contain possess 423:429 arg2 strength 447:454 high mechanical strength 431:454 high mechanical strength 431:454 The nanocomposite films possess high mechanical strength and gas barrier properties, and lower coefficients of thermal expansion than those of the original cellulose film. 24188852 4 29 contain possess 423:429 arg2 coefficients 494:505 lower coefficients 488:505 lower coefficients of thermal expansion 488:526 The nanocomposite films possess high mechanical strength and gas barrier properties, and lower coefficients of thermal expansion than those of the original cellulose film. 24188852 4 29 contain possess 423:429 arg2 properties 472:481 gas barrier properties 460:481 gas barrier properties 460:481 The nanocomposite films possess high mechanical strength and gas barrier properties, and lower coefficients of thermal expansion than those of the original cellulose film. 24188852 5 30 theme tensile 650:656 arg1 strength 658:665 the highest tensile strength 638:665 the highest tensile strength 638:665 In particular, the composite film of 85% cellulose and 15% MTM has the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus 161 and 180% greater than those of the 100% cellulose film, and coefficient of thermal expansion and oxygen permeability at 50-75% RH decrease to 60 and 42-33%, respectively. 24188852 5 31 theme % 610:610 arg1 cellulose 612:620 85% cellulose 608:620 85% cellulose 608:620 In particular, the composite film of 85% cellulose and 15% MTM has the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus 161 and 180% greater than those of the 100% cellulose film, and coefficient of thermal expansion and oxygen permeability at 50-75% RH decrease to 60 and 42-33%, respectively. 24188852 1 32 theme cellulose-clay 122:135 arg1 films 174:178 Transparent and flexible cellulose-clay (montmorillonite, MTM) nanocomposite films 97:178 Transparent and flexible cellulose-clay (montmorillonite, MTM) nanocomposite films 97:178 Transparent and flexible cellulose-clay (montmorillonite, MTM) nanocomposite films are prepared from cellulose/LiOH/urea solutions. 24188852 5 33 theme permeability 795:806 arg1 coefficient 751:761 coefficient 751:761 coefficient of thermal expansion and oxygen permeability 751:806 In particular, the composite film of 85% cellulose and 15% MTM has the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus 161 and 180% greater than those of the 100% cellulose film, and coefficient of thermal expansion and oxygen permeability at 50-75% RH decrease to 60 and 42-33%, respectively. 24188852 5 33 theme permeability 795:806 arg1 modulus 679:685 Young's modulus 671:685 Young's modulus 161 and 180% greater than those of the 100% cellulose film 671:744 In particular, the composite film of 85% cellulose and 15% MTM has the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus 161 and 180% greater than those of the 100% cellulose film, and coefficient of thermal expansion and oxygen permeability at 50-75% RH decrease to 60 and 42-33%, respectively. 24188852 5 33 theme permeability 795:806 arg1 strength 658:665 the highest tensile strength 638:665 the highest tensile strength 638:665 In particular, the composite film of 85% cellulose and 15% MTM has the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus 161 and 180% greater than those of the 100% cellulose film, and coefficient of thermal expansion and oxygen permeability at 50-75% RH decrease to 60 and 42-33%, respectively. 24188852 5 34 theme oxygen 788:793 arg1 permeability 795:806 oxygen permeability 788:806 oxygen permeability 788:806 In particular, the composite film of 85% cellulose and 15% MTM has the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus 161 and 180% greater than those of the 100% cellulose film, and coefficient of thermal expansion and oxygen permeability at 50-75% RH decrease to 60 and 42-33%, respectively. 24188852 5 35 theme cellulose 612:620 arg1 film 600:603 the composite film 586:603 the composite film of 85% cellulose and 15% MTM 586:632 In particular, the composite film of 85% cellulose and 15% MTM has the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus 161 and 180% greater than those of the 100% cellulose film, and coefficient of thermal expansion and oxygen permeability at 50-75% RH decrease to 60 and 42-33%, respectively. 24188852 5 36 theme 50-75 811:815 arg1 % 816:816 % 816:816 % 816:816 In particular, the composite film of 85% cellulose and 15% MTM has the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus 161 and 180% greater than those of the 100% cellulose film, and coefficient of thermal expansion and oxygen permeability at 50-75% RH decrease to 60 and 42-33%, respectively. 24188852 0 37 theme nanocomposite 23:35 arg1 films 37:41 Cellulose-clay layered nanocomposite films 0:41 Cellulose-clay layered nanocomposite films 0:41 Cellulose-clay layered nanocomposite films fabricated from aqueous cellulose/LiOH/urea solution. 24188852 5 38 theme greater 700:706 arg1 modulus 679:685 Young's modulus 671:685 Young's modulus 161 and 180% greater than those of the 100% cellulose film 671:744 In particular, the composite film of 85% cellulose and 15% MTM has the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus 161 and 180% greater than those of the 100% cellulose film, and coefficient of thermal expansion and oxygen permeability at 50-75% RH decrease to 60 and 42-33%, respectively. 24188852 4 39 theme lower 488:492 arg1 coefficients 494:505 lower coefficients 488:505 lower coefficients of thermal expansion 488:526 The nanocomposite films possess high mechanical strength and gas barrier properties, and lower coefficients of thermal expansion than those of the original cellulose film. 24188852 5 40 theme % 816:816 arg1 decrease 821:828 50-75% RH decrease 811:828 50-75% RH decrease 811:828 In particular, the composite film of 85% cellulose and 15% MTM has the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus 161 and 180% greater than those of the 100% cellulose film, and coefficient of thermal expansion and oxygen permeability at 50-75% RH decrease to 60 and 42-33%, respectively. 24188852 7 41 theme numerous 1114:1121 arg1 bonds 1132:1136 numerous hydrogen bonds 1114:1136 numerous hydrogen bonds between cellulose molecules and MTM platelets 1114:1182 This is probably because the orientation of cellulose chains on the film surface changes by the formation of numerous hydrogen bonds between cellulose molecules and MTM platelets. 24188852 6 42 theme film 916:919 arg1 nature 896:901 the initial hydrophilic nature 872:901 the initial hydrophilic nature of cellulose film 872:919 Moreover, the initial hydrophilic nature of cellulose film changes to somewhat hydrophobic through incorporation of hydrophilic MTM platelets. 24188852 3 43 theme Na 321:322 arg1 ions 324:327 Almost no Na ions 311:327 Almost no Na ions 311:327 Almost no Na ions are present in MTM, probably because they are substituted by Li ions. 24188852 2 44 theme nanolayered 287:297 arg1 structures 299:308 intercalated nanolayered structures 274:308 intercalated nanolayered structures 274:308 The results show that the composites possess intercalated nanolayered structures. 24188852 5 45 theme RH 818:819 arg1 decrease 821:828 50-75% RH decrease 811:828 50-75% RH decrease 811:828 In particular, the composite film of 85% cellulose and 15% MTM has the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus 161 and 180% greater than those of the 100% cellulose film, and coefficient of thermal expansion and oxygen permeability at 50-75% RH decrease to 60 and 42-33%, respectively. 24188852 7 46 theme hydrogen 1123:1130 arg1 bonds 1132:1136 numerous hydrogen bonds 1114:1136 numerous hydrogen bonds between cellulose molecules and MTM platelets 1114:1182 This is probably because the orientation of cellulose chains on the film surface changes by the formation of numerous hydrogen bonds between cellulose molecules and MTM platelets. 24188852 3 47 located present 333:339 arg1 MTM 344:346 MTM 344:346 MTM 344:346 Almost no Na ions are present in MTM, probably because they are substituted by Li ions. 24188852 3 47 located present 333:339 arg2 ions 324:327 Almost no Na ions 311:327 Almost no Na ions 311:327 Almost no Na ions are present in MTM, probably because they are substituted by Li ions. 24188852 2 48 theme intercalated 274:285 arg1 structures 299:308 intercalated nanolayered structures 274:308 intercalated nanolayered structures 274:308 The results show that the composites possess intercalated nanolayered structures. 24188852 5 49 theme % 729:729 arg1 film 741:744 the 100% cellulose film 722:744 the 100% cellulose film 722:744 In particular, the composite film of 85% cellulose and 15% MTM has the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus 161 and 180% greater than those of the 100% cellulose film, and coefficient of thermal expansion and oxygen permeability at 50-75% RH decrease to 60 and 42-33%, respectively. 24188852 0 50 theme cellulose/LiOH/urea 67:85 arg1 solution 87:94 aqueous cellulose/LiOH/urea solution 59:94 aqueous cellulose/LiOH/urea solution 59:94 Cellulose-clay layered nanocomposite films fabricated from aqueous cellulose/LiOH/urea solution. 24188852 3 51 attach present 333:339 arg1 MTM 344:346 MTM 344:346 MTM 344:346 Almost no Na ions are present in MTM, probably because they are substituted by Li ions. 24188852 3 51 attach present 333:339 arg2 ions 324:327 Almost no Na ions 311:327 Almost no Na ions 311:327 Almost no Na ions are present in MTM, probably because they are substituted by Li ions. 24188852 5 52 theme expansion 774:782 arg1 coefficient 751:761 coefficient 751:761 coefficient of thermal expansion and oxygen permeability 751:806 In particular, the composite film of 85% cellulose and 15% MTM has the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus 161 and 180% greater than those of the 100% cellulose film, and coefficient of thermal expansion and oxygen permeability at 50-75% RH decrease to 60 and 42-33%, respectively. 24188852 5 52 theme expansion 774:782 arg1 modulus 679:685 Young's modulus 671:685 Young's modulus 161 and 180% greater than those of the 100% cellulose film 671:744 In particular, the composite film of 85% cellulose and 15% MTM has the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus 161 and 180% greater than those of the 100% cellulose film, and coefficient of thermal expansion and oxygen permeability at 50-75% RH decrease to 60 and 42-33%, respectively. 24188852 5 52 theme expansion 774:782 arg1 strength 658:665 the highest tensile strength 638:665 the highest tensile strength 638:665 In particular, the composite film of 85% cellulose and 15% MTM has the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus 161 and 180% greater than those of the 100% cellulose film, and coefficient of thermal expansion and oxygen permeability at 50-75% RH decrease to 60 and 42-33%, respectively. 24188852 0 53 theme aqueous 59:65 arg1 solution 87:94 aqueous cellulose/LiOH/urea solution 59:94 aqueous cellulose/LiOH/urea solution 59:94 Cellulose-clay layered nanocomposite films fabricated from aqueous cellulose/LiOH/urea solution. 24188852 4 54 theme barrier 464:470 arg1 properties 472:481 gas barrier properties 460:481 gas barrier properties 460:481 The nanocomposite films possess high mechanical strength and gas barrier properties, and lower coefficients of thermal expansion than those of the original cellulose film. 24188852 7 55 theme film 1073:1076 arg1 surface 1078:1084 the film surface 1069:1084 the film surface 1069:1084 This is probably because the orientation of cellulose chains on the film surface changes by the formation of numerous hydrogen bonds between cellulose molecules and MTM platelets. 24188852 5 56 theme composite 590:598 arg1 film 600:603 the composite film 586:603 the composite film of 85% cellulose and 15% MTM 586:632 In particular, the composite film of 85% cellulose and 15% MTM has the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus 161 and 180% greater than those of the 100% cellulose film, and coefficient of thermal expansion and oxygen permeability at 50-75% RH decrease to 60 and 42-33%, respectively. 24188852 6 57 theme platelets 994:1002 arg1 incorporation 961:973 incorporation 961:973 incorporation of hydrophilic MTM platelets 961:1002 Moreover, the initial hydrophilic nature of cellulose film changes to somewhat hydrophobic through incorporation of hydrophilic MTM platelets. 24188852 6 58 theme cellulose 906:914 arg1 film 916:919 cellulose film 906:919 cellulose film 906:919 Moreover, the initial hydrophilic nature of cellulose film changes to somewhat hydrophobic through incorporation of hydrophilic MTM platelets. 24188852 4 59 theme gas 460:462 arg1 properties 472:481 gas barrier properties 460:481 gas barrier properties 460:481 The nanocomposite films possess high mechanical strength and gas barrier properties, and lower coefficients of thermal expansion than those of the original cellulose film. 24188852 5 60 theme 15 626:627 arg1 % 628:628 % 628:628 % 628:628 In particular, the composite film of 85% cellulose and 15% MTM has the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus 161 and 180% greater than those of the 100% cellulose film, and coefficient of thermal expansion and oxygen permeability at 50-75% RH decrease to 60 and 42-33%, respectively. 24188852 1 61 theme nanocomposite 160:172 arg1 films 174:178 Transparent and flexible cellulose-clay (montmorillonite, MTM) nanocomposite films 97:178 Transparent and flexible cellulose-clay (montmorillonite, MTM) nanocomposite films 97:178 Transparent and flexible cellulose-clay (montmorillonite, MTM) nanocomposite films are prepared from cellulose/LiOH/urea solutions. 24188852 2 62 contain possess 266:272 arg1 composites 255:264 the composites 251:264 the composites 251:264 The results show that the composites possess intercalated nanolayered structures. 24188852 2 62 contain possess 266:272 arg2 structures 299:308 intercalated nanolayered structures 274:308 intercalated nanolayered structures 274:308 The results show that the composites possess intercalated nanolayered structures. 24188852 5 63 theme cellulose 731:739 arg1 film 741:744 the 100% cellulose film 722:744 the 100% cellulose film 722:744 In particular, the composite film of 85% cellulose and 15% MTM has the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus 161 and 180% greater than those of the 100% cellulose film, and coefficient of thermal expansion and oxygen permeability at 50-75% RH decrease to 60 and 42-33%, respectively. 24188852 3 64 from MTM 344:346 arg1 present 333:339 present 333:339 present 333:339 Almost no Na ions are present in MTM, probably because they are substituted by Li ions. 24188852 6 65 theme MTM 990:992 arg1 platelets 994:1002 hydrophilic MTM platelets 978:1002 hydrophilic MTM platelets 978:1002 Moreover, the initial hydrophilic nature of cellulose film changes to somewhat hydrophobic through incorporation of hydrophilic MTM platelets. 24188852 5 66 theme thermal 766:772 arg1 expansion 774:782 thermal expansion 766:782 thermal expansion 766:782 In particular, the composite film of 85% cellulose and 15% MTM has the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus 161 and 180% greater than those of the 100% cellulose film, and coefficient of thermal expansion and oxygen permeability at 50-75% RH decrease to 60 and 42-33%, respectively. 24188852 6 67 theme initial 876:882 arg1 nature 896:901 the initial hydrophilic nature 872:901 the initial hydrophilic nature of cellulose film 872:919 Moreover, the initial hydrophilic nature of cellulose film changes to somewhat hydrophobic through incorporation of hydrophilic MTM platelets. 24188852 7 68 theme cellulose 1146:1154 arg1 molecules 1156:1164 cellulose molecules 1146:1164 cellulose molecules 1146:1164 This is probably because the orientation of cellulose chains on the film surface changes by the formation of numerous hydrogen bonds between cellulose molecules and MTM platelets. 24188852 6 69 theme hydrophilic 978:988 arg1 platelets 994:1002 hydrophilic MTM platelets 978:1002 hydrophilic MTM platelets 978:1002 Moreover, the initial hydrophilic nature of cellulose film changes to somewhat hydrophobic through incorporation of hydrophilic MTM platelets. 25805340 0 0 theme Phomopsis 85:93 arg1 sp 95:96 Phomopsis sp 85:96 Phomopsis sp 85:96 Production of pinoresinol diglucoside, pinoresinol monoglucoside, and pinoresinol by Phomopsis sp. 25805340 5 1 theme fermentation 688:699 arg1 mechanism 675:683 the mechanism 671:683 the mechanism of fermentation 671:699 In this experiment, starch, protein, and polysaccharides were isolated from mung beans and separately used as the sole substrate in order to explore the mechanism of fermentation and identify the major substrates that attributed to the biotransformation of PDG, PMG, and Pin. 25805340 3 2 contain has 194:196 arg1 XP-8 160:163 XP-8 160:163 XP-8 160:163 XP-8 is an endophytic fungus that has the ability to produce pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG) in vitro and thus has potential application for the biosynthesis of PDG independent of plants. 25805340 3 2 contain has 194:196 arg1 fungus 182:187 an endophytic fungus 168:187 an endophytic fungus that has the ability to produce pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG) in vitro and thus has potential application for the biosynthesis of PDG independent of plants 168:343 XP-8 is an endophytic fungus that has the ability to produce pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG) in vitro and thus has potential application for the biosynthesis of PDG independent of plants. 25805340 3 2 contain has 194:196 arg2 ability 202:208 the ability to produce pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG) in vitro 198:258 the ability to produce pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG) in vitro 198:258 XP-8 is an endophytic fungus that has the ability to produce pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG) in vitro and thus has potential application for the biosynthesis of PDG independent of plants. 25805340 6 3 theme PMG 821:823 arg1 production 802:811 The production 798:811 The production of PDG, PMG, and Pin 798:832 The production of PDG, PMG, and Pin was monitored using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and confirmed using HPLC-MS. 25805340 4 4 theme mung 365:368 arg1 bean 370:373 mung bean 365:373 mung bean medium 365:380 When cultivated in mung bean medium, PDG production was significantly improved and pinoresinol monoglucoside (PMG) and pinoresinol (Pin) were also found in the culture medium. 25805340 11 5 theme Pin 1701:1703 arg1 production 1673:1682 the production 1669:1682 the production of PMG, PDG, and Pin 1669:1703 After examining the monosaccharide composition of the mung bean polysaccharide and the effect of the different monosaccharides had on the production of PMG, PDG, and Pin, galactose in mung bean polysaccharide proved to be the major factor that stimulates the production of PMG. 25805340 3 6 theme independent 323:333 arg1 PDG 319:321 PDG 319:321 PDG independent of plants 319:343 XP-8 is an endophytic fungus that has the ability to produce pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG) in vitro and thus has potential application for the biosynthesis of PDG independent of plants. 25805340 6 7 theme PDG 816:818 arg1 production 802:811 The production 798:811 The production of PDG, PMG, and Pin 798:832 The production of PDG, PMG, and Pin was monitored using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and confirmed using HPLC-MS. 25805340 5 8 theme mung 598:601 arg1 beans 603:607 mung beans 598:607 mung beans 598:607 In this experiment, starch, protein, and polysaccharides were isolated from mung beans and separately used as the sole substrate in order to explore the mechanism of fermentation and identify the major substrates that attributed to the biotransformation of PDG, PMG, and Pin. 25805340 9 9 theme Pin 1294:1296 arg1 activities 1306:1315 the activities 1302:1315 the activities of PAL, C4H, and 4CL 1302:1336 Accumulation of phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, PDG, PMG, and Pin and the activities of PAL, C4H, and 4CL were measured during the bioconversion. 25805340 9 9 theme Pin 1294:1296 arg1 Accumulation 1217:1228 Accumulation 1217:1228 Accumulation of phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, PDG, PMG, and Pin 1217:1296 Accumulation of phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, PDG, PMG, and Pin and the activities of PAL, C4H, and 4CL were measured during the bioconversion. 25805340 2 10 theme Phomopsis 146:154 arg1 sp 156:157 Phomopsis sp 146:157 Phomopsis sp. 146:158 Phomopsis sp. 25805340 10 11 theme bean 1407:1410 arg1 polysaccharide 1412:1425 mung bean polysaccharide 1402:1425 mung bean polysaccharide 1402:1425 PMG was found only when mung bean polysaccharide was analyzed, while production of PDG and Pin were found when both polysaccharide and starch were analyzed. 25805340 9 12 theme 4CL 1334:1336 arg1 activities 1306:1315 the activities 1302:1315 the activities of PAL, C4H, and 4CL 1302:1336 Accumulation of phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, PDG, PMG, and Pin and the activities of PAL, C4H, and 4CL were measured during the bioconversion. 25805340 9 12 theme 4CL 1334:1336 arg1 Accumulation 1217:1228 Accumulation 1217:1228 Accumulation of phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, PDG, PMG, and Pin 1217:1296 Accumulation of phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, PDG, PMG, and Pin and the activities of PAL, C4H, and 4CL were measured during the bioconversion. 25805340 4 13 theme bean 370:373 arg1 medium 375:380 mung bean medium 365:380 mung bean medium 365:380 When cultivated in mung bean medium, PDG production was significantly improved and pinoresinol monoglucoside (PMG) and pinoresinol (Pin) were also found in the culture medium. 25805340 5 14 theme PMG 784:786 arg1 biotransformation 758:774 the biotransformation 754:774 the biotransformation of PDG, PMG, and Pin 754:795 In this experiment, starch, protein, and polysaccharides were isolated from mung beans and separately used as the sole substrate in order to explore the mechanism of fermentation and identify the major substrates that attributed to the biotransformation of PDG, PMG, and Pin. 25805340 3 15 theme PDG 319:321 arg1 biosynthesis 303:314 the biosynthesis 299:314 the biosynthesis of PDG independent of plants 299:343 XP-8 is an endophytic fungus that has the ability to produce pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG) in vitro and thus has potential application for the biosynthesis of PDG independent of plants. 25805340 8 16 contain contained 1145:1153 arg1 system 1138:1143 The reaction system 1125:1143 The reaction system 1125:1143 The reaction system contained the compounds isolated from mung bean in the designed amount. 25805340 8 16 contain contained 1145:1153 arg2 compounds 1159:1167 the compounds 1155:1167 the compounds isolated from mung bean in the designed amount 1155:1214 The reaction system contained the compounds isolated from mung bean in the designed amount. 25805340 11 17 theme polysaccharide 1599:1612 arg1 effect 1622:1627 the effect 1618:1627 the effect of the different monosaccharides had on the production of PMG, PDG, and Pin 1618:1703 After examining the monosaccharide composition of the mung bean polysaccharide and the effect of the different monosaccharides had on the production of PMG, PDG, and Pin, galactose in mung bean polysaccharide proved to be the major factor that stimulates the production of PMG. 25805340 11 17 theme polysaccharide 1599:1612 arg1 composition 1570:1580 the monosaccharide composition 1551:1580 the monosaccharide composition of the mung bean polysaccharide 1551:1612 After examining the monosaccharide composition of the mung bean polysaccharide and the effect of the different monosaccharides had on the production of PMG, PDG, and Pin, galactose in mung bean polysaccharide proved to be the major factor that stimulates the production of PMG. 25805340 9 18 theme p-coumaric 1263:1272 arg1 acid 1274:1277 p-coumaric acid 1263:1277 p-coumaric acid 1263:1277 Accumulation of phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, PDG, PMG, and Pin and the activities of PAL, C4H, and 4CL were measured during the bioconversion. 25805340 9 19 theme cinnamic 1248:1255 arg1 acid 1257:1260 cinnamic acid 1248:1260 cinnamic acid 1248:1260 Accumulation of phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, PDG, PMG, and Pin and the activities of PAL, C4H, and 4CL were measured during the bioconversion. 25805340 7 20 theme enzymes 951:957 arg1 Activities 929:938 Activities 929:938 Activities of related enzymes, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), trans-cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL) 929:1073 Activities of related enzymes, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), trans-cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL) were analyzed and tracked during the cultivation. 25805340 3 21 contain has 269:271 arg1 XP-8 160:163 XP-8 160:163 XP-8 160:163 XP-8 is an endophytic fungus that has the ability to produce pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG) in vitro and thus has potential application for the biosynthesis of PDG independent of plants. 25805340 3 21 contain has 269:271 arg2 application 283:293 potential application 273:293 potential application for the biosynthesis of PDG independent of plants 273:343 XP-8 is an endophytic fungus that has the ability to produce pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG) in vitro and thus has potential application for the biosynthesis of PDG independent of plants. 25805340 3 21 contain has 269:271 arg1 fungus 182:187 an endophytic fungus 168:187 an endophytic fungus that has the ability to produce pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG) in vitro and thus has potential application for the biosynthesis of PDG independent of plants 168:343 XP-8 is an endophytic fungus that has the ability to produce pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG) in vitro and thus has potential application for the biosynthesis of PDG independent of plants. 25805340 11 22 theme mung 1719:1722 arg1 bean 1724:1727 mung bean 1719:1727 mung bean polysaccharide 1719:1742 After examining the monosaccharide composition of the mung bean polysaccharide and the effect of the different monosaccharides had on the production of PMG, PDG, and Pin, galactose in mung bean polysaccharide proved to be the major factor that stimulates the production of PMG. 25805340 5 23 used used 624:627 arg2 starch 542:547 starch 542:547 starch 542:547 In this experiment, starch, protein, and polysaccharides were isolated from mung beans and separately used as the sole substrate in order to explore the mechanism of fermentation and identify the major substrates that attributed to the biotransformation of PDG, PMG, and Pin. 25805340 5 23 used used 624:627 arg2 substrate 641:649 the sole substrate 632:649 the sole substrate 632:649 In this experiment, starch, protein, and polysaccharides were isolated from mung beans and separately used as the sole substrate in order to explore the mechanism of fermentation and identify the major substrates that attributed to the biotransformation of PDG, PMG, and Pin. 25805340 11 24 theme monosaccharides 1646:1660 arg1 effect 1622:1627 the effect 1618:1627 the effect of the different monosaccharides had on the production of PMG, PDG, and Pin 1618:1703 After examining the monosaccharide composition of the mung bean polysaccharide and the effect of the different monosaccharides had on the production of PMG, PDG, and Pin, galactose in mung bean polysaccharide proved to be the major factor that stimulates the production of PMG. 25805340 11 24 theme monosaccharides 1646:1660 arg1 composition 1570:1580 the monosaccharide composition 1551:1580 the monosaccharide composition of the mung bean polysaccharide 1551:1612 After examining the monosaccharide composition of the mung bean polysaccharide and the effect of the different monosaccharides had on the production of PMG, PDG, and Pin, galactose in mung bean polysaccharide proved to be the major factor that stimulates the production of PMG. 25805340 3 25 theme pinoresinol 221:231 arg1 PDG 246:248 PDG 246:248 PDG 246:248 XP-8 is an endophytic fungus that has the ability to produce pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG) in vitro and thus has potential application for the biosynthesis of PDG independent of plants. 25805340 3 25 theme pinoresinol 221:231 arg1 diglucoside 233:243 pinoresinol diglucoside 221:243 pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG) 221:249 XP-8 is an endophytic fungus that has the ability to produce pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG) in vitro and thus has potential application for the biosynthesis of PDG independent of plants. 25805340 5 26 theme Pin 793:795 arg1 biotransformation 758:774 the biotransformation 754:774 the biotransformation of PDG, PMG, and Pin 754:795 In this experiment, starch, protein, and polysaccharides were isolated from mung beans and separately used as the sole substrate in order to explore the mechanism of fermentation and identify the major substrates that attributed to the biotransformation of PDG, PMG, and Pin. 25805340 3 27 theme plants 338:343 arg1 independent 323:333 independent 323:333 independent 323:333 XP-8 is an endophytic fungus that has the ability to produce pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG) in vitro and thus has potential application for the biosynthesis of PDG independent of plants. 25805340 6 28 theme liquid 871:876 arg1 HPLC 894:897 HPLC 894:897 HPLC 894:897 The production of PDG, PMG, and Pin was monitored using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and confirmed using HPLC-MS. 25805340 6 28 theme liquid 871:876 arg1 chromatography 878:891 high-performance liquid chromatography 854:891 high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 854:898 The production of PDG, PMG, and Pin was monitored using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and confirmed using HPLC-MS. 25805340 7 29 theme phenylalanine 970:982 arg1 PAL 999:1001 PAL 999:1001 PAL 999:1001 Activities of related enzymes, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), trans-cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL) were analyzed and tracked during the cultivation. 25805340 7 29 theme phenylalanine 970:982 arg1 ammonia-lyase 984:996 phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 970:996 phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) 970:1002 Activities of related enzymes, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), trans-cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL) were analyzed and tracked during the cultivation. 25805340 3 30 theme endophytic 171:180 arg1 XP-8 160:163 XP-8 160:163 XP-8 160:163 XP-8 is an endophytic fungus that has the ability to produce pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG) in vitro and thus has potential application for the biosynthesis of PDG independent of plants. 25805340 3 30 theme endophytic 171:180 arg1 fungus 182:187 an endophytic fungus 168:187 an endophytic fungus that has the ability to produce pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG) in vitro and thus has potential application for the biosynthesis of PDG independent of plants 168:343 XP-8 is an endophytic fungus that has the ability to produce pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG) in vitro and thus has potential application for the biosynthesis of PDG independent of plants. 25805340 0 31 theme pinoresinol 14:24 arg1 diglucoside 26:36 pinoresinol diglucoside 14:36 pinoresinol diglucoside 14:36 Production of pinoresinol diglucoside, pinoresinol monoglucoside, and pinoresinol by Phomopsis sp. 25805340 6 32 theme high-performance 854:869 arg1 HPLC 894:897 HPLC 894:897 HPLC 894:897 The production of PDG, PMG, and Pin was monitored using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and confirmed using HPLC-MS. 25805340 6 32 theme high-performance 854:869 arg1 chromatography 878:891 high-performance liquid chromatography 854:891 high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 854:898 The production of PDG, PMG, and Pin was monitored using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and confirmed using HPLC-MS. 25805340 5 33 theme sole 636:639 arg1 starch 542:547 starch 542:547 starch 542:547 In this experiment, starch, protein, and polysaccharides were isolated from mung beans and separately used as the sole substrate in order to explore the mechanism of fermentation and identify the major substrates that attributed to the biotransformation of PDG, PMG, and Pin. 25805340 5 33 theme sole 636:639 arg1 substrate 641:649 the sole substrate 632:649 the sole substrate 632:649 In this experiment, starch, protein, and polysaccharides were isolated from mung beans and separately used as the sole substrate in order to explore the mechanism of fermentation and identify the major substrates that attributed to the biotransformation of PDG, PMG, and Pin. 25805340 4 34 located found 493:497 arg2 Pin 478:480 Pin 478:480 Pin 478:480 When cultivated in mung bean medium, PDG production was significantly improved and pinoresinol monoglucoside (PMG) and pinoresinol (Pin) were also found in the culture medium. 25805340 4 34 located found 493:497 arg2 monoglucoside 441:453 pinoresinol monoglucoside 429:453 pinoresinol monoglucoside (PMG) 429:459 When cultivated in mung bean medium, PDG production was significantly improved and pinoresinol monoglucoside (PMG) and pinoresinol (Pin) were also found in the culture medium. 25805340 4 34 located found 493:497 arg2 pinoresinol 465:475 pinoresinol 465:475 pinoresinol (Pin) 465:481 When cultivated in mung bean medium, PDG production was significantly improved and pinoresinol monoglucoside (PMG) and pinoresinol (Pin) were also found in the culture medium. 25805340 4 34 located found 493:497 arg2 PMG 456:458 PMG 456:458 PMG 456:458 When cultivated in mung bean medium, PDG production was significantly improved and pinoresinol monoglucoside (PMG) and pinoresinol (Pin) were also found in the culture medium. 25805340 4 34 located found 493:497 arg1 medium 514:519 the culture medium 502:519 the culture medium 502:519 When cultivated in mung bean medium, PDG production was significantly improved and pinoresinol monoglucoside (PMG) and pinoresinol (Pin) were also found in the culture medium. 25805340 9 35 theme C4H 1325:1327 arg1 activities 1306:1315 the activities 1302:1315 the activities of PAL, C4H, and 4CL 1302:1336 Accumulation of phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, PDG, PMG, and Pin and the activities of PAL, C4H, and 4CL were measured during the bioconversion. 25805340 9 35 theme C4H 1325:1327 arg1 Accumulation 1217:1228 Accumulation 1217:1228 Accumulation of phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, PDG, PMG, and Pin 1217:1296 Accumulation of phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, PDG, PMG, and Pin and the activities of PAL, C4H, and 4CL were measured during the bioconversion. 25805340 0 36 theme pinoresinol 39:49 arg1 monoglucoside 51:63 pinoresinol monoglucoside 39:63 pinoresinol monoglucoside 39:63 Production of pinoresinol diglucoside, pinoresinol monoglucoside, and pinoresinol by Phomopsis sp. 25805340 4 37 theme culture 506:512 arg1 medium 514:519 the culture medium 502:519 the culture medium 502:519 When cultivated in mung bean medium, PDG production was significantly improved and pinoresinol monoglucoside (PMG) and pinoresinol (Pin) were also found in the culture medium. 25805340 11 38 theme PDG 1692:1694 arg1 production 1673:1682 the production 1669:1682 the production of PMG, PDG, and Pin 1669:1703 After examining the monosaccharide composition of the mung bean polysaccharide and the effect of the different monosaccharides had on the production of PMG, PDG, and Pin, galactose in mung bean polysaccharide proved to be the major factor that stimulates the production of PMG. 25805340 9 39 theme PAL 1320:1322 arg1 activities 1306:1315 the activities 1302:1315 the activities of PAL, C4H, and 4CL 1302:1336 Accumulation of phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, PDG, PMG, and Pin and the activities of PAL, C4H, and 4CL were measured during the bioconversion. 25805340 9 39 theme PAL 1320:1322 arg1 Accumulation 1217:1228 Accumulation 1217:1228 Accumulation of phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, PDG, PMG, and Pin 1217:1296 Accumulation of phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, PDG, PMG, and Pin and the activities of PAL, C4H, and 4CL were measured during the bioconversion. 25805340 5 40 theme PDG 779:781 arg1 biotransformation 758:774 the biotransformation 754:774 the biotransformation of PDG, PMG, and Pin 754:795 In this experiment, starch, protein, and polysaccharides were isolated from mung beans and separately used as the sole substrate in order to explore the mechanism of fermentation and identify the major substrates that attributed to the biotransformation of PDG, PMG, and Pin. 25805340 7 41 theme 4-coumarate-CoA 1046:1060 arg1 4CL 1070:1072 4CL 1070:1072 4CL 1070:1072 Activities of related enzymes, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), trans-cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL) were analyzed and tracked during the cultivation. 25805340 7 41 theme 4-coumarate-CoA 1046:1060 arg1 ligase 1062:1067 4-coumarate-CoA ligase 1046:1067 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL) 1046:1073 Activities of related enzymes, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), trans-cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL) were analyzed and tracked during the cultivation. 25805340 9 42 theme acid 1257:1260 arg1 activities 1306:1315 the activities 1302:1315 the activities of PAL, C4H, and 4CL 1302:1336 Accumulation of phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, PDG, PMG, and Pin and the activities of PAL, C4H, and 4CL were measured during the bioconversion. 25805340 9 42 theme acid 1257:1260 arg1 Accumulation 1217:1228 Accumulation 1217:1228 Accumulation of phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, PDG, PMG, and Pin 1217:1296 Accumulation of phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, PDG, PMG, and Pin and the activities of PAL, C4H, and 4CL were measured during the bioconversion. 25805340 4 43 theme pinoresinol 429:439 arg1 PMG 456:458 PMG 456:458 PMG 456:458 When cultivated in mung bean medium, PDG production was significantly improved and pinoresinol monoglucoside (PMG) and pinoresinol (Pin) were also found in the culture medium. 25805340 4 43 theme pinoresinol 429:439 arg1 monoglucoside 441:453 pinoresinol monoglucoside 429:453 pinoresinol monoglucoside (PMG) 429:459 When cultivated in mung bean medium, PDG production was significantly improved and pinoresinol monoglucoside (PMG) and pinoresinol (Pin) were also found in the culture medium. 25805340 0 44 theme diglucoside 26:36 arg1 Production 0:9 Production 0:9 Production of pinoresinol diglucoside, pinoresinol monoglucoside, and pinoresinol by Phomopsis sp. 0:97 Production of pinoresinol diglucoside, pinoresinol monoglucoside, and pinoresinol by Phomopsis sp. 25805340 10 45 theme mung 1402:1405 arg1 bean 1407:1410 mung bean 1402:1410 mung bean polysaccharide 1402:1425 PMG was found only when mung bean polysaccharide was analyzed, while production of PDG and Pin were found when both polysaccharide and starch were analyzed. 25805340 5 46 theme major 718:722 arg1 substrates 724:733 the major substrates 714:733 the major substrates that attributed to the biotransformation of PDG, PMG, and Pin 714:795 In this experiment, starch, protein, and polysaccharides were isolated from mung beans and separately used as the sole substrate in order to explore the mechanism of fermentation and identify the major substrates that attributed to the biotransformation of PDG, PMG, and Pin. 25805340 7 47 theme related 943:949 arg1 4-hydroxylase 1021:1033 trans-cinnamate 4-hydroxylase 1005:1033 trans-cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) 1005:1039 Activities of related enzymes, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), trans-cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL) were analyzed and tracked during the cultivation. 25805340 7 47 theme related 943:949 arg1 enzymes 951:957 related enzymes 943:957 related enzymes 943:957 Activities of related enzymes, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), trans-cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL) were analyzed and tracked during the cultivation. 25805340 7 47 theme related 943:949 arg1 ligase 1062:1067 4-coumarate-CoA ligase 1046:1067 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL) 1046:1073 Activities of related enzymes, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), trans-cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL) were analyzed and tracked during the cultivation. 25805340 7 47 theme related 943:949 arg1 ammonia-lyase 984:996 phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 970:996 phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) 970:1002 Activities of related enzymes, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), trans-cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL) were analyzed and tracked during the cultivation. 25805340 9 48 theme phenylalanine 1233:1245 arg1 activities 1306:1315 the activities 1302:1315 the activities of PAL, C4H, and 4CL 1302:1336 Accumulation of phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, PDG, PMG, and Pin and the activities of PAL, C4H, and 4CL were measured during the bioconversion. 25805340 9 48 theme phenylalanine 1233:1245 arg1 Accumulation 1217:1228 Accumulation 1217:1228 Accumulation of phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, PDG, PMG, and Pin 1217:1296 Accumulation of phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, PDG, PMG, and Pin and the activities of PAL, C4H, and 4CL were measured during the bioconversion. 25805340 11 49 theme major 1761:1765 arg1 factor 1767:1772 the major factor 1757:1772 the major factor that stimulates the production of PMG 1757:1810 After examining the monosaccharide composition of the mung bean polysaccharide and the effect of the different monosaccharides had on the production of PMG, PDG, and Pin, galactose in mung bean polysaccharide proved to be the major factor that stimulates the production of PMG. 25805340 11 49 theme major 1761:1765 arg1 galactose 1706:1714 galactose 1706:1714 galactose in mung bean polysaccharide 1706:1742 After examining the monosaccharide composition of the mung bean polysaccharide and the effect of the different monosaccharides had on the production of PMG, PDG, and Pin, galactose in mung bean polysaccharide proved to be the major factor that stimulates the production of PMG. 25805340 1 50 theme mung 110:113 arg1 bean 115:118 mung bean 110:118 mung bean 110:118 XP-8 using mung bean and its major components. 25805340 0 51 theme monoglucoside 51:63 arg1 Production 0:9 Production 0:9 Production of pinoresinol diglucoside, pinoresinol monoglucoside, and pinoresinol by Phomopsis sp. 0:97 Production of pinoresinol diglucoside, pinoresinol monoglucoside, and pinoresinol by Phomopsis sp. 25805340 6 52 theme Pin 830:832 arg1 production 802:811 The production 798:811 The production of PDG, PMG, and Pin 798:832 The production of PDG, PMG, and Pin was monitored using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and confirmed using HPLC-MS. 25805340 3 53 theme potential 273:281 arg1 application 283:293 potential application 273:293 potential application for the biosynthesis of PDG independent of plants 273:343 XP-8 is an endophytic fungus that has the ability to produce pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG) in vitro and thus has potential application for the biosynthesis of PDG independent of plants. 25805340 4 54 theme PDG 383:385 arg1 production 387:396 PDG production 383:396 PDG production 383:396 When cultivated in mung bean medium, PDG production was significantly improved and pinoresinol monoglucoside (PMG) and pinoresinol (Pin) were also found in the culture medium. 25805340 7 55 theme trans-cinnamate 1005:1019 arg1 4-hydroxylase 1021:1033 trans-cinnamate 4-hydroxylase 1005:1033 trans-cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) 1005:1039 Activities of related enzymes, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), trans-cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL) were analyzed and tracked during the cultivation. 25805340 7 55 theme trans-cinnamate 1005:1019 arg1 C4H 1036:1038 C4H 1036:1038 C4H 1036:1038 Activities of related enzymes, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), trans-cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL) were analyzed and tracked during the cultivation. 25805340 9 56 theme acid 1274:1277 arg1 activities 1306:1315 the activities 1302:1315 the activities of PAL, C4H, and 4CL 1302:1336 Accumulation of phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, PDG, PMG, and Pin and the activities of PAL, C4H, and 4CL were measured during the bioconversion. 25805340 9 56 theme acid 1274:1277 arg1 Accumulation 1217:1228 Accumulation 1217:1228 Accumulation of phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, PDG, PMG, and Pin 1217:1296 Accumulation of phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, PDG, PMG, and Pin and the activities of PAL, C4H, and 4CL were measured during the bioconversion. 25805340 10 57 theme Pin 1469:1471 arg1 production 1447:1456 production 1447:1456 production of PDG and Pin 1447:1471 PMG was found only when mung bean polysaccharide was analyzed, while production of PDG and Pin were found when both polysaccharide and starch were analyzed. 25805340 11 58 theme different 1636:1644 arg1 monosaccharides 1646:1660 the different monosaccharides 1632:1660 the different monosaccharides had on the production of PMG, PDG, and Pin 1632:1703 After examining the monosaccharide composition of the mung bean polysaccharide and the effect of the different monosaccharides had on the production of PMG, PDG, and Pin, galactose in mung bean polysaccharide proved to be the major factor that stimulates the production of PMG. 25805340 11 59 theme PMG 1687:1689 arg1 production 1673:1682 the production 1669:1682 the production of PMG, PDG, and Pin 1669:1703 After examining the monosaccharide composition of the mung bean polysaccharide and the effect of the different monosaccharides had on the production of PMG, PDG, and Pin, galactose in mung bean polysaccharide proved to be the major factor that stimulates the production of PMG. 25805340 5 60 attach isolated 584:591 arg2 protein 550:556 protein 550:556 protein 550:556 In this experiment, starch, protein, and polysaccharides were isolated from mung beans and separately used as the sole substrate in order to explore the mechanism of fermentation and identify the major substrates that attributed to the biotransformation of PDG, PMG, and Pin. 25805340 5 60 attach isolated 584:591 arg2 substrate 641:649 the sole substrate 632:649 the sole substrate 632:649 In this experiment, starch, protein, and polysaccharides were isolated from mung beans and separately used as the sole substrate in order to explore the mechanism of fermentation and identify the major substrates that attributed to the biotransformation of PDG, PMG, and Pin. 25805340 5 60 attach isolated 584:591 arg2 starch 542:547 starch 542:547 starch 542:547 In this experiment, starch, protein, and polysaccharides were isolated from mung beans and separately used as the sole substrate in order to explore the mechanism of fermentation and identify the major substrates that attributed to the biotransformation of PDG, PMG, and Pin. 25805340 5 60 attach isolated 584:591 arg2 polysaccharides 563:577 polysaccharides 563:577 polysaccharides 563:577 In this experiment, starch, protein, and polysaccharides were isolated from mung beans and separately used as the sole substrate in order to explore the mechanism of fermentation and identify the major substrates that attributed to the biotransformation of PDG, PMG, and Pin. 25805340 5 60 attach isolated 584:591 arg1 beans 603:607 mung beans 598:607 mung beans 598:607 In this experiment, starch, protein, and polysaccharides were isolated from mung beans and separately used as the sole substrate in order to explore the mechanism of fermentation and identify the major substrates that attributed to the biotransformation of PDG, PMG, and Pin. 25805340 11 61 theme bean 1594:1597 arg1 polysaccharide 1599:1612 the mung bean polysaccharide 1585:1612 the mung bean polysaccharide 1585:1612 After examining the monosaccharide composition of the mung bean polysaccharide and the effect of the different monosaccharides had on the production of PMG, PDG, and Pin, galactose in mung bean polysaccharide proved to be the major factor that stimulates the production of PMG. 25805340 11 62 theme PMG 1808:1810 arg1 production 1794:1803 the production 1790:1803 the production of PMG 1790:1810 After examining the monosaccharide composition of the mung bean polysaccharide and the effect of the different monosaccharides had on the production of PMG, PDG, and Pin, galactose in mung bean polysaccharide proved to be the major factor that stimulates the production of PMG. 25805340 8 63 theme designed 1200:1207 arg1 amount 1209:1214 the designed amount 1196:1214 the designed amount 1196:1214 The reaction system contained the compounds isolated from mung bean in the designed amount. 25805340 9 64 theme PDG 1280:1282 arg1 activities 1306:1315 the activities 1302:1315 the activities of PAL, C4H, and 4CL 1302:1336 Accumulation of phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, PDG, PMG, and Pin and the activities of PAL, C4H, and 4CL were measured during the bioconversion. 25805340 9 64 theme PDG 1280:1282 arg1 Accumulation 1217:1228 Accumulation 1217:1228 Accumulation of phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, PDG, PMG, and Pin 1217:1296 Accumulation of phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, PDG, PMG, and Pin and the activities of PAL, C4H, and 4CL were measured during the bioconversion. 25805340 0 65 theme pinoresinol 70:80 arg1 Production 0:9 Production 0:9 Production of pinoresinol diglucoside, pinoresinol monoglucoside, and pinoresinol by Phomopsis sp. 0:97 Production of pinoresinol diglucoside, pinoresinol monoglucoside, and pinoresinol by Phomopsis sp. 25805340 11 66 theme monosaccharide 1555:1568 arg1 composition 1570:1580 the monosaccharide composition 1551:1580 the monosaccharide composition of the mung bean polysaccharide 1551:1612 After examining the monosaccharide composition of the mung bean polysaccharide and the effect of the different monosaccharides had on the production of PMG, PDG, and Pin, galactose in mung bean polysaccharide proved to be the major factor that stimulates the production of PMG. 25805340 1 67 theme major 128:132 arg1 components 134:143 its major components 124:143 its major components 124:143 XP-8 using mung bean and its major components. 25805340 11 68 theme bean 1724:1727 arg1 polysaccharide 1729:1742 mung bean polysaccharide 1719:1742 mung bean polysaccharide 1719:1742 After examining the monosaccharide composition of the mung bean polysaccharide and the effect of the different monosaccharides had on the production of PMG, PDG, and Pin, galactose in mung bean polysaccharide proved to be the major factor that stimulates the production of PMG. 25805340 10 69 theme PDG 1461:1463 arg1 production 1447:1456 production 1447:1456 production of PDG and Pin 1447:1471 PMG was found only when mung bean polysaccharide was analyzed, while production of PDG and Pin were found when both polysaccharide and starch were analyzed. 25805340 11 70 from galactose 1706:1714 arg1 polysaccharide 1729:1742 mung bean polysaccharide 1719:1742 mung bean polysaccharide 1719:1742 After examining the monosaccharide composition of the mung bean polysaccharide and the effect of the different monosaccharides had on the production of PMG, PDG, and Pin, galactose in mung bean polysaccharide proved to be the major factor that stimulates the production of PMG. 25805340 11 71 theme mung 1589:1592 arg1 bean 1594:1597 the mung bean 1585:1597 the mung bean polysaccharide 1585:1612 After examining the monosaccharide composition of the mung bean polysaccharide and the effect of the different monosaccharides had on the production of PMG, PDG, and Pin, galactose in mung bean polysaccharide proved to be the major factor that stimulates the production of PMG. 25805340 8 72 theme reaction 1129:1136 arg1 system 1138:1143 The reaction system 1125:1143 The reaction system 1125:1143 The reaction system contained the compounds isolated from mung bean in the designed amount. 25805340 9 73 theme PMG 1285:1287 arg1 activities 1306:1315 the activities 1302:1315 the activities of PAL, C4H, and 4CL 1302:1336 Accumulation of phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, PDG, PMG, and Pin and the activities of PAL, C4H, and 4CL were measured during the bioconversion. 25805340 9 73 theme PMG 1285:1287 arg1 Accumulation 1217:1228 Accumulation 1217:1228 Accumulation of phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, PDG, PMG, and Pin 1217:1296 Accumulation of phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, PDG, PMG, and Pin and the activities of PAL, C4H, and 4CL were measured during the bioconversion. 25439907 6 0 theme oxide 952:956 arg1 materials 958:966 manganese oxide materials 942:966 manganese oxide materials 942:966 This novel method reported here maybe has a guiding significance for the synthesis of manganese oxide materials and other metal oxides using cellulose as template. 25439907 6 1 theme guiding 900:906 arg1 significance 908:919 a guiding significance 898:919 a guiding significance for the synthesis of manganese oxide materials and other metal oxides using cellulose as template 898:1017 This novel method reported here maybe has a guiding significance for the synthesis of manganese oxide materials and other metal oxides using cellulose as template. 25439907 0 2 theme sonochemistry 72:84 arg1 method 86:91 sonochemistry method 72:91 sonochemistry method 72:91 Compare study cellulose/Mn₃O₄ composites using four types of alkalis by sonochemistry method. 25439907 6 3 theme materials 958:966 arg1 synthesis 929:937 the synthesis 925:937 the synthesis of manganese oxide materials and other metal oxides using cellulose as template 925:1017 This novel method reported here maybe has a guiding significance for the synthesis of manganese oxide materials and other metal oxides using cellulose as template. 25439907 1 4 from influences 141:150 arg1 composites 192:201 the cellulose/Mn3O4 composites 172:201 the cellulose/Mn3O4 composites 172:201 The purpose of this article was to explore the influences of alkalis types on the cellulose/Mn3O4 composites via a sonochemistry method. 25439907 5 5 theme cellulose/Mn3O4 771:785 arg1 composites 787:796 cellulose/Mn3O4 composites 771:796 cellulose/Mn3O4 composites at 600°C for 3h in air 771:819 By thermal treatment of cellulose/Mn3O4 composites at 600°C for 3h in air, the Mn3O4 crystals were obtained. 25439907 2 6 theme sonochemistry 434:446 arg1 method 448:453 an environmentally-friendly sonochemistry method 406:453 an environmentally-friendly sonochemistry method 406:453 In this study, cellulose/Mn3O4 composites were successfully fabricated using four types of alkalis (urea (CO(NH2)2), hexamethylenetetramine ((CH2)6N4, HMT), NaOH, and KOH) by an environmentally-friendly sonochemistry method. 25439907 5 7 theme thermal 750:756 arg1 treatment 758:766 thermal treatment 750:766 thermal treatment of cellulose/Mn3O4 composites at 600°C for 3h in air 750:819 By thermal treatment of cellulose/Mn3O4 composites at 600°C for 3h in air, the Mn3O4 crystals were obtained. 25439907 1 8 theme alkalis 155:161 arg1 types 163:167 alkalis types 155:167 alkalis types 155:167 The purpose of this article was to explore the influences of alkalis types on the cellulose/Mn3O4 composites via a sonochemistry method. 25439907 2 9 theme environmentally-friendly 409:432 arg1 method 448:453 an environmentally-friendly sonochemistry method 406:453 an environmentally-friendly sonochemistry method 406:453 In this study, cellulose/Mn3O4 composites were successfully fabricated using four types of alkalis (urea (CO(NH2)2), hexamethylenetetramine ((CH2)6N4, HMT), NaOH, and KOH) by an environmentally-friendly sonochemistry method. 25439907 1 10 theme types 163:167 arg1 influences 141:150 the influences 137:150 the influences of alkalis types on the cellulose/Mn3O4 composites 137:201 The purpose of this article was to explore the influences of alkalis types on the cellulose/Mn3O4 composites via a sonochemistry method. 25439907 0 11 theme study 8:12 arg1 composites 30:39 study cellulose/Mn₃O₄ composites 8:39 study cellulose/Mn₃O₄ composites 8:39 Compare study cellulose/Mn₃O₄ composites using four types of alkalis by sonochemistry method. 25439907 6 12 theme novel 861:865 arg1 method 867:872 This novel method 856:872 This novel method reported here maybe 856:892 This novel method reported here maybe has a guiding significance for the synthesis of manganese oxide materials and other metal oxides using cellulose as template. 25439907 6 13 theme oxides 984:989 arg1 synthesis 929:937 the synthesis 925:937 the synthesis of manganese oxide materials and other metal oxides using cellulose as template 925:1017 This novel method reported here maybe has a guiding significance for the synthesis of manganese oxide materials and other metal oxides using cellulose as template. 25439907 6 14 theme other 972:976 arg1 oxides 984:989 other metal oxides 972:989 other metal oxides 972:989 This novel method reported here maybe has a guiding significance for the synthesis of manganese oxide materials and other metal oxides using cellulose as template. 25439907 2 15 dep alkalis 322:328 arg1 urea 331:334 urea 331:334 urea (CO(NH2)2) 331:345 In this study, cellulose/Mn3O4 composites were successfully fabricated using four types of alkalis (urea (CO(NH2)2), hexamethylenetetramine ((CH2)6N4, HMT), NaOH, and KOH) by an environmentally-friendly sonochemistry method. 25439907 2 15 dep alkalis 322:328 arg1 NaOH 388:391 NaOH 388:391 NaOH 388:391 In this study, cellulose/Mn3O4 composites were successfully fabricated using four types of alkalis (urea (CO(NH2)2), hexamethylenetetramine ((CH2)6N4, HMT), NaOH, and KOH) by an environmentally-friendly sonochemistry method. 25439907 2 15 dep alkalis 322:328 arg1 KOH 398:400 KOH 398:400 KOH 398:400 In this study, cellulose/Mn3O4 composites were successfully fabricated using four types of alkalis (urea (CO(NH2)2), hexamethylenetetramine ((CH2)6N4, HMT), NaOH, and KOH) by an environmentally-friendly sonochemistry method. 25439907 2 15 dep alkalis 322:328 arg1 hexamethylenetetramine 348:369 hexamethylenetetramine 348:369 hexamethylenetetramine ((CH2)6N4, HMT) 348:385 In this study, cellulose/Mn3O4 composites were successfully fabricated using four types of alkalis (urea (CO(NH2)2), hexamethylenetetramine ((CH2)6N4, HMT), NaOH, and KOH) by an environmentally-friendly sonochemistry method. 25439907 2 15 dep alkalis 322:328 arg1 NH2 340:342 CO(NH2)2 337:344 CO(NH2)2 337:344 In this study, cellulose/Mn3O4 composites were successfully fabricated using four types of alkalis (urea (CO(NH2)2), hexamethylenetetramine ((CH2)6N4, HMT), NaOH, and KOH) by an environmentally-friendly sonochemistry method. 25439907 6 16 theme metal 978:982 arg1 oxides 984:989 other metal oxides 972:989 other metal oxides 972:989 This novel method reported here maybe has a guiding significance for the synthesis of manganese oxide materials and other metal oxides using cellulose as template. 25439907 4 17 theme cellulose/Mn3O4 719:733 arg1 composites 735:744 cellulose/Mn3O4 composites 719:744 cellulose/Mn3O4 composites 719:744 Experimental results demonstrated that the types of alkalis played an important role in the phase, shape, dispersion, and thermal stability of cellulose/Mn3O4 composites. 25439907 1 18 theme cellulose/Mn3O4 176:190 arg1 composites 192:201 the cellulose/Mn3O4 composites 172:201 the cellulose/Mn3O4 composites 172:201 The purpose of this article was to explore the influences of alkalis types on the cellulose/Mn3O4 composites via a sonochemistry method. 25439907 0 19 theme cellulose/Mn₃O₄ 14:28 arg1 composites 30:39 study cellulose/Mn₃O₄ composites 8:39 study cellulose/Mn₃O₄ composites 8:39 Compare study cellulose/Mn₃O₄ composites using four types of alkalis by sonochemistry method. 25439907 3 20 theme thermal 474:480 arg1 stability 482:490 thermal stability 474:490 thermal stability 474:490 The phase, shape, thermal stability, and the formation mechanism of the cellulose composites were researched in detail. 25439907 2 21 theme CH2 373:375 arg1 HMT 382:384 HMT 382:384 HMT 382:384 In this study, cellulose/Mn3O4 composites were successfully fabricated using four types of alkalis (urea (CO(NH2)2), hexamethylenetetramine ((CH2)6N4, HMT), NaOH, and KOH) by an environmentally-friendly sonochemistry method. 25439907 2 21 theme CH2 373:375 arg1 6N4 377:379 (CH2)6N4 372:379 (CH2)6N4 372:379 In this study, cellulose/Mn3O4 composites were successfully fabricated using four types of alkalis (urea (CO(NH2)2), hexamethylenetetramine ((CH2)6N4, HMT), NaOH, and KOH) by an environmentally-friendly sonochemistry method. 25439907 3 22 dep phase 460:464 arg1 The 456:458 The 456:458 The 456:458 The phase, shape, thermal stability, and the formation mechanism of the cellulose composites were researched in detail. 25439907 3 23 theme formation 501:509 arg1 mechanism 511:519 the formation mechanism 497:519 the formation mechanism 497:519 The phase, shape, thermal stability, and the formation mechanism of the cellulose composites were researched in detail. 25439907 6 24 theme manganese 942:950 arg1 materials 958:966 manganese oxide materials 942:966 manganese oxide materials 942:966 This novel method reported here maybe has a guiding significance for the synthesis of manganese oxide materials and other metal oxides using cellulose as template. 25439907 4 25 theme Experimental 576:587 arg1 results 589:595 Experimental results 576:595 Experimental results 576:595 Experimental results demonstrated that the types of alkalis played an important role in the phase, shape, dispersion, and thermal stability of cellulose/Mn3O4 composites. 25439907 5 26 from treatment 758:766 arg1 600°C 801:805 600°C 801:805 600°C for 3h in air 801:819 By thermal treatment of cellulose/Mn3O4 composites at 600°C for 3h in air, the Mn3O4 crystals were obtained. 25439907 6 27 contain has 894:896 arg1 method 867:872 This novel method 856:872 This novel method reported here maybe 856:892 This novel method reported here maybe has a guiding significance for the synthesis of manganese oxide materials and other metal oxides using cellulose as template. 25439907 6 27 contain has 894:896 arg2 significance 908:919 a guiding significance 898:919 a guiding significance for the synthesis of manganese oxide materials and other metal oxides using cellulose as template 898:1017 This novel method reported here maybe has a guiding significance for the synthesis of manganese oxide materials and other metal oxides using cellulose as template. 25439907 4 28 dep phase 668:672 arg1 the 664:666 the 664:666 the 664:666 Experimental results demonstrated that the types of alkalis played an important role in the phase, shape, dispersion, and thermal stability of cellulose/Mn3O4 composites. 25439907 6 29 dep method 867:872 arg1 maybe 888:892 maybe 888:892 This novel method reported here maybe 856:892 This novel method reported here maybe has a guiding significance for the synthesis of manganese oxide materials and other metal oxides using cellulose as template. 25439907 4 30 theme composites 735:744 arg1 shape 675:679 shape 675:679 shape 675:679 Experimental results demonstrated that the types of alkalis played an important role in the phase, shape, dispersion, and thermal stability of cellulose/Mn3O4 composites. 25439907 4 30 theme composites 735:744 arg1 phase 668:672 phase 668:672 phase 668:672 Experimental results demonstrated that the types of alkalis played an important role in the phase, shape, dispersion, and thermal stability of cellulose/Mn3O4 composites. 25439907 4 30 theme composites 735:744 arg1 stability 706:714 thermal stability 698:714 thermal stability 698:714 Experimental results demonstrated that the types of alkalis played an important role in the phase, shape, dispersion, and thermal stability of cellulose/Mn3O4 composites. 25439907 4 30 theme composites 735:744 arg1 dispersion 682:691 dispersion 682:691 dispersion 682:691 Experimental results demonstrated that the types of alkalis played an important role in the phase, shape, dispersion, and thermal stability of cellulose/Mn3O4 composites. 25439907 1 31 theme article 114:120 arg1 purpose 98:104 The purpose 94:104 The purpose of this article 94:120 The purpose of this article was to explore the influences of alkalis types on the cellulose/Mn3O4 composites via a sonochemistry method. 25439907 4 32 theme thermal 698:704 arg1 stability 706:714 thermal stability 698:714 thermal stability 698:714 Experimental results demonstrated that the types of alkalis played an important role in the phase, shape, dispersion, and thermal stability of cellulose/Mn3O4 composites. 25439907 3 33 theme cellulose 528:536 arg1 composites 538:547 the cellulose composites 524:547 the cellulose composites 524:547 The phase, shape, thermal stability, and the formation mechanism of the cellulose composites were researched in detail. 25439907 2 34 theme cellulose/Mn3O4 246:260 arg1 composites 262:271 cellulose/Mn3O4 composites 246:271 cellulose/Mn3O4 composites 246:271 In this study, cellulose/Mn3O4 composites were successfully fabricated using four types of alkalis (urea (CO(NH2)2), hexamethylenetetramine ((CH2)6N4, HMT), NaOH, and KOH) by an environmentally-friendly sonochemistry method. 25439907 4 35 theme important 646:654 arg1 role 656:659 an important role 643:659 an important role 643:659 Experimental results demonstrated that the types of alkalis played an important role in the phase, shape, dispersion, and thermal stability of cellulose/Mn3O4 composites. 25439907 1 36 theme sonochemistry 209:221 arg1 method 223:228 a sonochemistry method 207:228 a sonochemistry method 207:228 The purpose of this article was to explore the influences of alkalis types on the cellulose/Mn3O4 composites via a sonochemistry method. 25439907 3 37 theme composites 538:547 arg1 shape 467:471 shape 467:471 shape 467:471 The phase, shape, thermal stability, and the formation mechanism of the cellulose composites were researched in detail. 25439907 3 37 theme composites 538:547 arg1 mechanism 511:519 the formation mechanism 497:519 the formation mechanism 497:519 The phase, shape, thermal stability, and the formation mechanism of the cellulose composites were researched in detail. 25439907 3 37 theme composites 538:547 arg1 stability 482:490 thermal stability 474:490 thermal stability 474:490 The phase, shape, thermal stability, and the formation mechanism of the cellulose composites were researched in detail. 25439907 3 37 theme composites 538:547 arg1 phase 460:464 phase 460:464 phase 460:464 The phase, shape, thermal stability, and the formation mechanism of the cellulose composites were researched in detail. 25439907 2 38 theme alkalis 322:328 arg1 types 313:317 four types 308:317 four types of alkalis (urea (CO(NH2)2), hexamethylenetetramine ((CH2)6N4, HMT), NaOH, and KOH) by an environmentally-friendly sonochemistry method 308:453 In this study, cellulose/Mn3O4 composites were successfully fabricated using four types of alkalis (urea (CO(NH2)2), hexamethylenetetramine ((CH2)6N4, HMT), NaOH, and KOH) by an environmentally-friendly sonochemistry method. 25439907 5 39 theme Mn3O4 826:830 arg1 crystals 832:839 the Mn3O4 crystals 822:839 the Mn3O4 crystals 822:839 By thermal treatment of cellulose/Mn3O4 composites at 600°C for 3h in air, the Mn3O4 crystals were obtained. 25439907 2 40 dep hexamethylenetetramine 348:369 arg1 HMT 382:384 HMT 382:384 HMT 382:384 In this study, cellulose/Mn3O4 composites were successfully fabricated using four types of alkalis (urea (CO(NH2)2), hexamethylenetetramine ((CH2)6N4, HMT), NaOH, and KOH) by an environmentally-friendly sonochemistry method. 25439907 2 40 dep hexamethylenetetramine 348:369 arg1 6N4 377:379 (CH2)6N4 372:379 (CH2)6N4 372:379 In this study, cellulose/Mn3O4 composites were successfully fabricated using four types of alkalis (urea (CO(NH2)2), hexamethylenetetramine ((CH2)6N4, HMT), NaOH, and KOH) by an environmentally-friendly sonochemistry method. 25439907 5 41 from 600°C 801:805 arg1 treatment 758:766 thermal treatment 750:766 thermal treatment of cellulose/Mn3O4 composites at 600°C for 3h in air 750:819 By thermal treatment of cellulose/Mn3O4 composites at 600°C for 3h in air, the Mn3O4 crystals were obtained. 25439907 5 41 from 600°C 801:805 arg1 composites 787:796 cellulose/Mn3O4 composites 771:796 cellulose/Mn3O4 composites at 600°C for 3h in air 771:819 By thermal treatment of cellulose/Mn3O4 composites at 600°C for 3h in air, the Mn3O4 crystals were obtained. 25439907 5 41 from 600°C 801:805 arg1 air 817:819 air 817:819 air 817:819 By thermal treatment of cellulose/Mn3O4 composites at 600°C for 3h in air, the Mn3O4 crystals were obtained. 25439907 5 42 theme composites 787:796 arg1 treatment 758:766 thermal treatment 750:766 thermal treatment of cellulose/Mn3O4 composites at 600°C for 3h in air 750:819 By thermal treatment of cellulose/Mn3O4 composites at 600°C for 3h in air, the Mn3O4 crystals were obtained. 25439907 0 43 theme alkalis 61:67 arg1 types 52:56 four types 47:56 four types of alkalis 47:67 Compare study cellulose/Mn₃O₄ composites using four types of alkalis by sonochemistry method. 25439907 0 44 dep Compare 0:6 arg1 using 41:45 using 41:45 using four types of alkalis by sonochemistry method 41:91 Compare study cellulose/Mn₃O₄ composites using four types of alkalis by sonochemistry method. 25439907 4 45 theme alkalis 628:634 arg1 types 619:623 the types 615:623 the types of alkalis 615:634 Experimental results demonstrated that the types of alkalis played an important role in the phase, shape, dispersion, and thermal stability of cellulose/Mn3O4 composites. 27321585 7 0 theme HUVEC 1279:1283 arg1 pathways 1285:1292 the coincident HUVEC pathways 1264:1292 the coincident HUVEC pathways regulated by the ∆ugm1 mutant, which overexpresses this component 1264:1358 Furthermore, a purified galactosaminogalactan fraction was also able to induce TNF-α secretion and the coincident HUVEC pathways regulated by the ∆ugm1 mutant, which overexpresses this component, as demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy. 27321585 10 1 theme endothelial 1785:1795 arg1 cells 1797:1801 endothelial cells 1785:1801 endothelial cells 1785:1801 One important clinical aspect of this invasive fungal infection is vascular thrombosis, which could be related, at least in part, to the activation of endothelial cells, as shown in previous reports from our group. 27321585 6 2 theme shotgun 935:941 arg1 approach 954:961 a shotgun proteomics approach 933:961 a shotgun proteomics approach 933:961 Using a shotgun proteomics approach, we show that the A. fumigatus ∆ugm1 strain can modulate the levels of proteins in important endothelial pathways related to the inflammatory response mediated by TNF-α and to stress response pathways. 27321585 10 3 theme cells 1797:1801 arg1 activation 1771:1780 the activation 1767:1780 the activation of endothelial cells 1767:1801 One important clinical aspect of this invasive fungal infection is vascular thrombosis, which could be related, at least in part, to the activation of endothelial cells, as shown in previous reports from our group. 27321585 10 4 from activation 1771:1780 arg1 part 1758:1761 part 1758:1761 part 1758:1761 One important clinical aspect of this invasive fungal infection is vascular thrombosis, which could be related, at least in part, to the activation of endothelial cells, as shown in previous reports from our group. 27321585 2 5 theme fungal 381:386 arg1 molecules 388:396 the fungal molecules 377:396 the fungal molecules involved in this endothelial response 377:434 However, the fungal molecules involved in this endothelial response remain unknown. 27321585 4 6 with mutant 677:682 arg1 production 721:730 increased galactosaminogalactan production 689:730 increased galactosaminogalactan production 689:730 In this study, we investigated the consequences of UGM1 gene deletion in A. fumigatus, which produces a mutant with increased galactosaminogalactan production. 27321585 13 7 theme A. 2583:2584 arg1 fungus 2576:2581 the angioinvasive fungus 2558:2581 the angioinvasive fungus A. fumigatus 2558:2594 This is the first report of the overall panel of proteins related to the HUVEC response to a specific and purified cell wall component of the angioinvasive fungus A. fumigatus. 27321585 5 8 theme " 907:907 arg1 cell 921:924 this "semi-professional" immune host cell 884:924 this "semi-professional" immune host cell 884:924 The ∆ugm1 mutant exhibited an HUVEC-hyperadhesive phenotype and induced increased endothelial TNF-α secretion and tissue factor mRNA overexpression in this "semi-professional" immune host cell. 27321585 1 9 with contact 306:312 arg1 HUVECs 359:364 HUVECs 359:364 HUVECs 359:364 Aspergillus fumigatus, the main etiologic agent causing invasive aspergillosis, can induce an inflammatory response and a prothrombotic phenotype upon contact with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). 27321585 1 9 with contact 306:312 arg1 cells 352:356 human umbilical vein endothelial cells 319:356 human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) 319:365 Aspergillus fumigatus, the main etiologic agent causing invasive aspergillosis, can induce an inflammatory response and a prothrombotic phenotype upon contact with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). 27321585 12 10 theme proteomics 2217:2226 arg1 approach 2228:2235 a discovery-driven proteomics approach 2198:2235 a discovery-driven proteomics approach 2198:2235 The present work employs a discovery-driven proteomics approach to reveal the role of one important cell wall polysaccharide of A. fumigatus, galactosaminogalactan, in the HUVEC interaction and the consequent mechanisms of endothelial activation. 27321585 11 11 theme angioinvasive 2100:2112 arg1 fungus 2114:2119 this angioinvasive fungus 2095:2119 this angioinvasive fungus 2095:2119 It is known that direct contact between the A. fumigatus hyphal cell wall and the HUVEC cell surface is necessary to induce an endothelial prothrombotic phenotype and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, though the cell surface components of this angioinvasive fungus that trigger this endothelial response are unknown. 27321585 9 12 theme Invasive 1521:1528 arg1 infection 1577:1585 the main opportunistic fungal infection 1547:1585 the main opportunistic fungal infection described in neutropenic hematologic patients 1547:1631 SIGNIFICANCE Invasive aspergillosis is the main opportunistic fungal infection described in neutropenic hematologic patients. 27321585 9 12 theme Invasive 1521:1528 arg1 aspergillosis 1530:1542 SIGNIFICANCE Invasive aspergillosis 1508:1542 SIGNIFICANCE Invasive aspergillosis 1508:1542 SIGNIFICANCE Invasive aspergillosis is the main opportunistic fungal infection described in neutropenic hematologic patients. 27321585 6 13 theme ∆ugm1 994:998 arg1 strain 1000:1005 the A. fumigatus ∆ugm1 strain 977:1005 the A. fumigatus ∆ugm1 strain 977:1005 Using a shotgun proteomics approach, we show that the A. fumigatus ∆ugm1 strain can modulate the levels of proteins in important endothelial pathways related to the inflammatory response mediated by TNF-α and to stress response pathways. 27321585 4 14 theme deletion 634:641 arg1 consequences 608:619 the consequences 604:619 the consequences of UGM1 gene deletion 604:641 In this study, we investigated the consequences of UGM1 gene deletion in A. fumigatus, which produces a mutant with increased galactosaminogalactan production. 27321585 10 15 theme fungal 1681:1686 arg1 infection 1688:1696 this invasive fungal infection 1667:1696 this invasive fungal infection 1667:1696 One important clinical aspect of this invasive fungal infection is vascular thrombosis, which could be related, at least in part, to the activation of endothelial cells, as shown in previous reports from our group. 27321585 9 16 theme fungal 1570:1575 arg1 infection 1577:1585 the main opportunistic fungal infection 1547:1585 the main opportunistic fungal infection described in neutropenic hematologic patients 1547:1631 SIGNIFICANCE Invasive aspergillosis is the main opportunistic fungal infection described in neutropenic hematologic patients. 27321585 9 16 theme fungal 1570:1575 arg1 aspergillosis 1530:1542 SIGNIFICANCE Invasive aspergillosis 1508:1542 SIGNIFICANCE Invasive aspergillosis 1508:1542 SIGNIFICANCE Invasive aspergillosis is the main opportunistic fungal infection described in neutropenic hematologic patients. 27321585 11 17 theme fungus 2114:2119 arg1 components 2081:2090 the cell surface components 2064:2090 the cell surface components of this angioinvasive fungus that trigger this endothelial response 2064:2158 It is known that direct contact between the A. fumigatus hyphal cell wall and the HUVEC cell surface is necessary to induce an endothelial prothrombotic phenotype and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, though the cell surface components of this angioinvasive fungus that trigger this endothelial response are unknown. 27321585 11 17 theme fungus 2114:2119 arg1 unknown 2164:2170 unknown 2164:2170 unknown 2164:2170 It is known that direct contact between the A. fumigatus hyphal cell wall and the HUVEC cell surface is necessary to induce an endothelial prothrombotic phenotype and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, though the cell surface components of this angioinvasive fungus that trigger this endothelial response are unknown. 27321585 13 18 theme angioinvasive 2562:2574 arg1 fungus 2576:2581 the angioinvasive fungus 2558:2581 the angioinvasive fungus A. fumigatus 2558:2594 This is the first report of the overall panel of proteins related to the HUVEC response to a specific and purified cell wall component of the angioinvasive fungus A. fumigatus. 27321585 7 19 theme galactosaminogalactan 1189:1209 arg1 fraction 1211:1218 a purified galactosaminogalactan fraction 1178:1218 a purified galactosaminogalactan fraction 1178:1218 Furthermore, a purified galactosaminogalactan fraction was also able to induce TNF-α secretion and the coincident HUVEC pathways regulated by the ∆ugm1 mutant, which overexpresses this component, as demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy. 27321585 7 19 theme galactosaminogalactan 1189:1209 arg1 able 1229:1232 able 1229:1232 able 1229:1232 Furthermore, a purified galactosaminogalactan fraction was also able to induce TNF-α secretion and the coincident HUVEC pathways regulated by the ∆ugm1 mutant, which overexpresses this component, as demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy. 27321585 9 20 theme main 1551:1554 arg1 infection 1577:1585 the main opportunistic fungal infection 1547:1585 the main opportunistic fungal infection described in neutropenic hematologic patients 1547:1631 SIGNIFICANCE Invasive aspergillosis is the main opportunistic fungal infection described in neutropenic hematologic patients. 27321585 9 20 theme main 1551:1554 arg1 aspergillosis 1530:1542 SIGNIFICANCE Invasive aspergillosis 1508:1542 SIGNIFICANCE Invasive aspergillosis 1508:1542 SIGNIFICANCE Invasive aspergillosis is the main opportunistic fungal infection described in neutropenic hematologic patients. 27321585 5 21 theme immune 909:914 arg1 cell 921:924 this "semi-professional" immune host cell 884:924 this "semi-professional" immune host cell 884:924 The ∆ugm1 mutant exhibited an HUVEC-hyperadhesive phenotype and induced increased endothelial TNF-α secretion and tissue factor mRNA overexpression in this "semi-professional" immune host cell. 27321585 11 22 theme direct 1866:1871 arg1 contact 1873:1879 direct contact 1866:1879 direct contact between the A. fumigatus hyphal cell wall and the HUVEC cell surface 1866:1948 It is known that direct contact between the A. fumigatus hyphal cell wall and the HUVEC cell surface is necessary to induce an endothelial prothrombotic phenotype and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, though the cell surface components of this angioinvasive fungus that trigger this endothelial response are unknown. 27321585 13 23 theme purified 2526:2533 arg1 component 2545:2553 a specific and purified cell wall component 2511:2553 a specific and purified cell wall component of the angioinvasive fungus A. fumigatus 2511:2594 This is the first report of the overall panel of proteins related to the HUVEC response to a specific and purified cell wall component of the angioinvasive fungus A. fumigatus. 27321585 8 24 dep A. 1484:1485 arg1 fumigatus 1487:1495 fumigatus 1487:1495 fumigatus 1487:1495 This work contributes new data regarding endothelial mechanisms in response to A. fumigatus infection. 27321585 11 25 theme endothelial 2139:2149 arg1 response 2151:2158 this endothelial response 2134:2158 this endothelial response 2134:2158 It is known that direct contact between the A. fumigatus hyphal cell wall and the HUVEC cell surface is necessary to induce an endothelial prothrombotic phenotype and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, though the cell surface components of this angioinvasive fungus that trigger this endothelial response are unknown. 27321585 6 26 dep A. 981:982 arg1 fumigatus 984:992 fumigatus 984:992 fumigatus 984:992 Using a shotgun proteomics approach, we show that the A. fumigatus ∆ugm1 strain can modulate the levels of proteins in important endothelial pathways related to the inflammatory response mediated by TNF-α and to stress response pathways. 27321585 13 27 theme wall 2540:2543 arg1 component 2545:2553 a specific and purified cell wall component 2511:2553 a specific and purified cell wall component of the angioinvasive fungus A. fumigatus 2511:2594 This is the first report of the overall panel of proteins related to the HUVEC response to a specific and purified cell wall component of the angioinvasive fungus A. fumigatus. 27321585 12 28 theme endothelial 2396:2406 arg1 activation 2408:2417 endothelial activation 2396:2417 endothelial activation 2396:2417 The present work employs a discovery-driven proteomics approach to reveal the role of one important cell wall polysaccharide of A. fumigatus, galactosaminogalactan, in the HUVEC interaction and the consequent mechanisms of endothelial activation. 27321585 7 29 theme fluorescence 1380:1391 arg1 microscopy 1393:1402 fluorescence microscopy 1380:1402 fluorescence microscopy 1380:1402 Furthermore, a purified galactosaminogalactan fraction was also able to induce TNF-α secretion and the coincident HUVEC pathways regulated by the ∆ugm1 mutant, which overexpresses this component, as demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy. 27321585 7 30 theme coincident 1268:1277 arg1 pathways 1285:1292 the coincident HUVEC pathways 1264:1292 the coincident HUVEC pathways regulated by the ∆ugm1 mutant, which overexpresses this component 1264:1358 Furthermore, a purified galactosaminogalactan fraction was also able to induce TNF-α secretion and the coincident HUVEC pathways regulated by the ∆ugm1 mutant, which overexpresses this component, as demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy. 27321585 1 31 theme endothelial 340:350 arg1 HUVECs 359:364 HUVECs 359:364 HUVECs 359:364 Aspergillus fumigatus, the main etiologic agent causing invasive aspergillosis, can induce an inflammatory response and a prothrombotic phenotype upon contact with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). 27321585 1 31 theme endothelial 340:350 arg1 cells 352:356 human umbilical vein endothelial cells 319:356 human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) 319:365 Aspergillus fumigatus, the main etiologic agent causing invasive aspergillosis, can induce an inflammatory response and a prothrombotic phenotype upon contact with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). 27321585 11 32 theme pro-inflammatory 2029:2044 arg1 cytokines 2046:2054 pro-inflammatory cytokines 2029:2054 pro-inflammatory cytokines 2029:2054 It is known that direct contact between the A. fumigatus hyphal cell wall and the HUVEC cell surface is necessary to induce an endothelial prothrombotic phenotype and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, though the cell surface components of this angioinvasive fungus that trigger this endothelial response are unknown. 27321585 9 33 theme neutropenic 1600:1610 arg1 patients 1624:1631 neutropenic hematologic patients 1600:1631 neutropenic hematologic patients 1600:1631 SIGNIFICANCE Invasive aspergillosis is the main opportunistic fungal infection described in neutropenic hematologic patients. 27321585 4 34 theme increased 689:697 arg1 production 721:730 increased galactosaminogalactan production 689:730 increased galactosaminogalactan production 689:730 In this study, we investigated the consequences of UGM1 gene deletion in A. fumigatus, which produces a mutant with increased galactosaminogalactan production. 27321585 12 35 theme fumigatus 2304:2312 arg1 polysaccharide 2283:2296 one important cell wall polysaccharide 2259:2296 one important cell wall polysaccharide of A. fumigatus 2259:2312 The present work employs a discovery-driven proteomics approach to reveal the role of one important cell wall polysaccharide of A. fumigatus, galactosaminogalactan, in the HUVEC interaction and the consequent mechanisms of endothelial activation. 27321585 12 35 theme fumigatus 2304:2312 arg1 galactosaminogalactan 2315:2335 galactosaminogalactan 2315:2335 galactosaminogalactan 2315:2335 The present work employs a discovery-driven proteomics approach to reveal the role of one important cell wall polysaccharide of A. fumigatus, galactosaminogalactan, in the HUVEC interaction and the consequent mechanisms of endothelial activation. 27321585 12 36 theme polysaccharide 2283:2296 arg1 mechanisms 2382:2391 the consequent mechanisms 2367:2391 the consequent mechanisms of endothelial activation 2367:2417 The present work employs a discovery-driven proteomics approach to reveal the role of one important cell wall polysaccharide of A. fumigatus, galactosaminogalactan, in the HUVEC interaction and the consequent mechanisms of endothelial activation. 27321585 12 36 theme polysaccharide 2283:2296 arg1 role 2251:2254 the role 2247:2254 the role of one important cell wall polysaccharide of A. fumigatus, galactosaminogalactan, in the HUVEC interaction 2247:2361 The present work employs a discovery-driven proteomics approach to reveal the role of one important cell wall polysaccharide of A. fumigatus, galactosaminogalactan, in the HUVEC interaction and the consequent mechanisms of endothelial activation. 27321585 7 37 theme TNF-α 1244:1248 arg1 secretion 1250:1258 TNF-α secretion 1244:1258 TNF-α secretion 1244:1258 Furthermore, a purified galactosaminogalactan fraction was also able to induce TNF-α secretion and the coincident HUVEC pathways regulated by the ∆ugm1 mutant, which overexpresses this component, as demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy. 27321585 10 38 theme previous 1816:1823 arg1 reports 1825:1831 previous reports 1816:1831 previous reports from our group 1816:1846 One important clinical aspect of this invasive fungal infection is vascular thrombosis, which could be related, at least in part, to the activation of endothelial cells, as shown in previous reports from our group. 27321585 11 39 theme endothelial 1976:1986 arg1 phenotype 2002:2010 endothelial prothrombotic phenotype 1976:2010 endothelial prothrombotic phenotype 1976:2010 It is known that direct contact between the A. fumigatus hyphal cell wall and the HUVEC cell surface is necessary to induce an endothelial prothrombotic phenotype and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, though the cell surface components of this angioinvasive fungus that trigger this endothelial response are unknown. 27321585 13 40 theme specific 2513:2520 arg1 component 2545:2553 a specific and purified cell wall component 2511:2553 a specific and purified cell wall component of the angioinvasive fungus A. fumigatus 2511:2594 This is the first report of the overall panel of proteins related to the HUVEC response to a specific and purified cell wall component of the angioinvasive fungus A. fumigatus. 27321585 12 41 theme wall 2278:2281 arg1 polysaccharide 2283:2296 one important cell wall polysaccharide 2259:2296 one important cell wall polysaccharide of A. fumigatus 2259:2312 The present work employs a discovery-driven proteomics approach to reveal the role of one important cell wall polysaccharide of A. fumigatus, galactosaminogalactan, in the HUVEC interaction and the consequent mechanisms of endothelial activation. 27321585 12 41 theme wall 2278:2281 arg1 galactosaminogalactan 2315:2335 galactosaminogalactan 2315:2335 galactosaminogalactan 2315:2335 The present work employs a discovery-driven proteomics approach to reveal the role of one important cell wall polysaccharide of A. fumigatus, galactosaminogalactan, in the HUVEC interaction and the consequent mechanisms of endothelial activation. 27321585 11 42 theme cell 1937:1940 arg1 surface 1942:1948 the HUVEC cell surface 1927:1948 the HUVEC cell surface 1927:1948 It is known that direct contact between the A. fumigatus hyphal cell wall and the HUVEC cell surface is necessary to induce an endothelial prothrombotic phenotype and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, though the cell surface components of this angioinvasive fungus that trigger this endothelial response are unknown. 27321585 5 43 theme tissue 847:852 arg1 overexpression 866:879 tissue factor mRNA overexpression 847:879 tissue factor mRNA overexpression 847:879 The ∆ugm1 mutant exhibited an HUVEC-hyperadhesive phenotype and induced increased endothelial TNF-α secretion and tissue factor mRNA overexpression in this "semi-professional" immune host cell. 27321585 1 44 theme prothrombotic 277:289 arg1 phenotype 291:299 a prothrombotic phenotype 275:299 a prothrombotic phenotype 275:299 Aspergillus fumigatus, the main etiologic agent causing invasive aspergillosis, can induce an inflammatory response and a prothrombotic phenotype upon contact with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). 27321585 11 45 theme surface 2073:2079 arg1 components 2081:2090 the cell surface components 2064:2090 the cell surface components of this angioinvasive fungus that trigger this endothelial response 2064:2158 It is known that direct contact between the A. fumigatus hyphal cell wall and the HUVEC cell surface is necessary to induce an endothelial prothrombotic phenotype and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, though the cell surface components of this angioinvasive fungus that trigger this endothelial response are unknown. 27321585 11 45 theme surface 2073:2079 arg1 unknown 2164:2170 unknown 2164:2170 unknown 2164:2170 It is known that direct contact between the A. fumigatus hyphal cell wall and the HUVEC cell surface is necessary to induce an endothelial prothrombotic phenotype and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, though the cell surface components of this angioinvasive fungus that trigger this endothelial response are unknown. 27321585 5 46 theme mRNA 861:864 arg1 overexpression 866:879 tissue factor mRNA overexpression 847:879 tissue factor mRNA overexpression 847:879 The ∆ugm1 mutant exhibited an HUVEC-hyperadhesive phenotype and induced increased endothelial TNF-α secretion and tissue factor mRNA overexpression in this "semi-professional" immune host cell. 27321585 13 47 theme HUVEC 2493:2497 arg1 response 2499:2506 the HUVEC response 2489:2506 the HUVEC response to a specific and purified cell wall component of the angioinvasive fungus A. fumigatus 2489:2594 This is the first report of the overall panel of proteins related to the HUVEC response to a specific and purified cell wall component of the angioinvasive fungus A. fumigatus. 27321585 6 48 theme related 1077:1083 arg1 pathways 1068:1075 important endothelial pathways 1046:1075 important endothelial pathways related to the inflammatory response mediated by TNF-α and to stress response pathways 1046:1162 Using a shotgun proteomics approach, we show that the A. fumigatus ∆ugm1 strain can modulate the levels of proteins in important endothelial pathways related to the inflammatory response mediated by TNF-α and to stress response pathways. 27321585 8 49 theme endothelial 1446:1456 arg1 mechanisms 1458:1467 endothelial mechanisms 1446:1467 endothelial mechanisms 1446:1467 This work contributes new data regarding endothelial mechanisms in response to A. fumigatus infection. 27321585 7 50 theme purified 1180:1187 arg1 fraction 1211:1218 a purified galactosaminogalactan fraction 1178:1218 a purified galactosaminogalactan fraction 1178:1218 Furthermore, a purified galactosaminogalactan fraction was also able to induce TNF-α secretion and the coincident HUVEC pathways regulated by the ∆ugm1 mutant, which overexpresses this component, as demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy. 27321585 7 50 theme purified 1180:1187 arg1 able 1229:1232 able 1229:1232 able 1229:1232 Furthermore, a purified galactosaminogalactan fraction was also able to induce TNF-α secretion and the coincident HUVEC pathways regulated by the ∆ugm1 mutant, which overexpresses this component, as demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy. 27321585 5 51 theme endothelial 815:825 arg1 secretion 833:841 increased endothelial TNF-α secretion 805:841 increased endothelial TNF-α secretion 805:841 The ∆ugm1 mutant exhibited an HUVEC-hyperadhesive phenotype and induced increased endothelial TNF-α secretion and tissue factor mRNA overexpression in this "semi-professional" immune host cell. 27321585 13 52 theme panel 2460:2464 arg1 This 2420:2423 This 2420:2423 This 2420:2423 This is the first report of the overall panel of proteins related to the HUVEC response to a specific and purified cell wall component of the angioinvasive fungus A. fumigatus. 27321585 13 52 theme panel 2460:2464 arg1 report 2438:2443 the first report 2428:2443 the first report of the overall panel of proteins related to the HUVEC response to a specific and purified cell wall component of the angioinvasive fungus A. fumigatus 2428:2594 This is the first report of the overall panel of proteins related to the HUVEC response to a specific and purified cell wall component of the angioinvasive fungus A. fumigatus. 27321585 6 53 theme endothelial 1056:1066 arg1 pathways 1068:1075 important endothelial pathways 1046:1075 important endothelial pathways related to the inflammatory response mediated by TNF-α and to stress response pathways 1046:1162 Using a shotgun proteomics approach, we show that the A. fumigatus ∆ugm1 strain can modulate the levels of proteins in important endothelial pathways related to the inflammatory response mediated by TNF-α and to stress response pathways. 27321585 0 54 theme layer 53:57 arg1 composition 21:31 the composition 17:31 the composition of the hyphal outer layer of Aspergillus fumigatus 17:82 Modifications to the composition of the hyphal outer layer of Aspergillus fumigatus modulates HUVEC proteins related to inflammatory and stress responses. 27321585 12 55 theme important 2263:2271 arg1 wall 2278:2281 one important cell wall 2259:2281 one important cell wall polysaccharide of A. fumigatus 2259:2312 The present work employs a discovery-driven proteomics approach to reveal the role of one important cell wall polysaccharide of A. fumigatus, galactosaminogalactan, in the HUVEC interaction and the consequent mechanisms of endothelial activation. 27321585 11 56 theme hyphal 1906:1911 arg1 wall 1918:1921 the A. fumigatus hyphal cell wall 1889:1921 the A. fumigatus hyphal cell wall 1889:1921 It is known that direct contact between the A. fumigatus hyphal cell wall and the HUVEC cell surface is necessary to induce an endothelial prothrombotic phenotype and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, though the cell surface components of this angioinvasive fungus that trigger this endothelial response are unknown. 27321585 0 57 theme hyphal 40:45 arg1 layer 53:57 the hyphal outer layer 36:57 the hyphal outer layer of Aspergillus fumigatus 36:82 Modifications to the composition of the hyphal outer layer of Aspergillus fumigatus modulates HUVEC proteins related to inflammatory and stress responses. 27321585 1 58 theme umbilical 325:333 arg1 HUVECs 359:364 HUVECs 359:364 HUVECs 359:364 Aspergillus fumigatus, the main etiologic agent causing invasive aspergillosis, can induce an inflammatory response and a prothrombotic phenotype upon contact with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). 27321585 1 58 theme umbilical 325:333 arg1 cells 352:356 human umbilical vein endothelial cells 319:356 human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) 319:365 Aspergillus fumigatus, the main etiologic agent causing invasive aspergillosis, can induce an inflammatory response and a prothrombotic phenotype upon contact with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). 27321585 3 59 dep A. 452:453 arg1 hyphae 465:470 A. fumigatus hyphae 452:470 A. fumigatus hyphae 452:470 A. fumigatus hyphae produce an extracellular matrix composed of galactomannan, galactosaminogalactan and α-(1,3)-glucan. 27321585 3 60 theme extracellular 483:495 arg1 matrix 497:502 an extracellular matrix 480:502 an extracellular matrix composed of galactomannan, galactosaminogalactan and α-(1,3)-glucan 480:570 A. fumigatus hyphae produce an extracellular matrix composed of galactomannan, galactosaminogalactan and α-(1,3)-glucan. 27321585 7 61 theme ∆ugm1 1311:1315 arg1 mutant 1317:1322 the ∆ugm1 mutant 1307:1322 the ∆ugm1 mutant 1307:1322 Furthermore, a purified galactosaminogalactan fraction was also able to induce TNF-α secretion and the coincident HUVEC pathways regulated by the ∆ugm1 mutant, which overexpresses this component, as demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy. 27321585 10 62 theme clinical 1648:1655 arg1 aspect 1657:1662 One important clinical aspect 1634:1662 One important clinical aspect of this invasive fungal infection 1634:1696 One important clinical aspect of this invasive fungal infection is vascular thrombosis, which could be related, at least in part, to the activation of endothelial cells, as shown in previous reports from our group. 27321585 3 63 theme galactosaminogalactan 531:551 arg1 -glucan 564:570 galactomannan, galactosaminogalactan and α-(1,3)-glucan 516:570 galactomannan, galactosaminogalactan and α-(1,3)-glucan 516:570 A. fumigatus hyphae produce an extracellular matrix composed of galactomannan, galactosaminogalactan and α-(1,3)-glucan. 27321585 11 64 dep phenotype 2002:2010 arg1 an 1973:1974 an 1973:1974 an 1973:1974 It is known that direct contact between the A. fumigatus hyphal cell wall and the HUVEC cell surface is necessary to induce an endothelial prothrombotic phenotype and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, though the cell surface components of this angioinvasive fungus that trigger this endothelial response are unknown. 27321585 0 65 theme outer 47:51 arg1 layer 53:57 the hyphal outer layer 36:57 the hyphal outer layer of Aspergillus fumigatus 36:82 Modifications to the composition of the hyphal outer layer of Aspergillus fumigatus modulates HUVEC proteins related to inflammatory and stress responses. 27321585 3 66 theme galactomannan 516:528 arg1 -glucan 564:570 galactomannan, galactosaminogalactan and α-(1,3)-glucan 516:570 galactomannan, galactosaminogalactan and α-(1,3)-glucan 516:570 A. fumigatus hyphae produce an extracellular matrix composed of galactomannan, galactosaminogalactan and α-(1,3)-glucan. 27321585 1 67 theme inflammatory 249:260 arg1 response 262:269 an inflammatory response 246:269 an inflammatory response 246:269 Aspergillus fumigatus, the main etiologic agent causing invasive aspergillosis, can induce an inflammatory response and a prothrombotic phenotype upon contact with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). 27321585 6 68 theme proteomics 943:952 arg1 approach 954:961 a shotgun proteomics approach 933:961 a shotgun proteomics approach 933:961 Using a shotgun proteomics approach, we show that the A. fumigatus ∆ugm1 strain can modulate the levels of proteins in important endothelial pathways related to the inflammatory response mediated by TNF-α and to stress response pathways. 27321585 10 69 theme invasive 1672:1679 arg1 infection 1688:1696 this invasive fungal infection 1667:1696 this invasive fungal infection 1667:1696 One important clinical aspect of this invasive fungal infection is vascular thrombosis, which could be related, at least in part, to the activation of endothelial cells, as shown in previous reports from our group. 27321585 11 70 theme cell 2068:2071 arg1 components 2081:2090 the cell surface components 2064:2090 the cell surface components of this angioinvasive fungus that trigger this endothelial response 2064:2158 It is known that direct contact between the A. fumigatus hyphal cell wall and the HUVEC cell surface is necessary to induce an endothelial prothrombotic phenotype and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, though the cell surface components of this angioinvasive fungus that trigger this endothelial response are unknown. 27321585 11 70 theme cell 2068:2071 arg1 unknown 2164:2170 unknown 2164:2170 unknown 2164:2170 It is known that direct contact between the A. fumigatus hyphal cell wall and the HUVEC cell surface is necessary to induce an endothelial prothrombotic phenotype and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, though the cell surface components of this angioinvasive fungus that trigger this endothelial response are unknown. 27321585 13 71 theme fungus 2576:2581 arg1 component 2545:2553 a specific and purified cell wall component 2511:2553 a specific and purified cell wall component of the angioinvasive fungus A. fumigatus 2511:2594 This is the first report of the overall panel of proteins related to the HUVEC response to a specific and purified cell wall component of the angioinvasive fungus A. fumigatus. 27321585 3 72 theme α- 557:558 arg1 -glucan 564:570 galactomannan, galactosaminogalactan and α-(1,3)-glucan 516:570 galactomannan, galactosaminogalactan and α-(1,3)-glucan 516:570 A. fumigatus hyphae produce an extracellular matrix composed of galactomannan, galactosaminogalactan and α-(1,3)-glucan. 27321585 9 73 theme SIGNIFICANCE 1508:1519 arg1 infection 1577:1585 the main opportunistic fungal infection 1547:1585 the main opportunistic fungal infection described in neutropenic hematologic patients 1547:1631 SIGNIFICANCE Invasive aspergillosis is the main opportunistic fungal infection described in neutropenic hematologic patients. 27321585 9 73 theme SIGNIFICANCE 1508:1519 arg1 aspergillosis 1530:1542 SIGNIFICANCE Invasive aspergillosis 1508:1542 SIGNIFICANCE Invasive aspergillosis 1508:1542 SIGNIFICANCE Invasive aspergillosis is the main opportunistic fungal infection described in neutropenic hematologic patients. 27321585 5 74 theme semi-professional 890:906 arg1 cell 921:924 this "semi-professional" immune host cell 884:924 this "semi-professional" immune host cell 884:924 The ∆ugm1 mutant exhibited an HUVEC-hyperadhesive phenotype and induced increased endothelial TNF-α secretion and tissue factor mRNA overexpression in this "semi-professional" immune host cell. 27321585 12 75 from mechanisms 2382:2391 arg1 interaction 2351:2361 the HUVEC interaction 2341:2361 the HUVEC interaction 2341:2361 The present work employs a discovery-driven proteomics approach to reveal the role of one important cell wall polysaccharide of A. fumigatus, galactosaminogalactan, in the HUVEC interaction and the consequent mechanisms of endothelial activation. 27321585 10 76 theme vascular 1701:1708 arg1 thrombosis 1710:1719 vascular thrombosis 1701:1719 vascular thrombosis 1701:1719 One important clinical aspect of this invasive fungal infection is vascular thrombosis, which could be related, at least in part, to the activation of endothelial cells, as shown in previous reports from our group. 27321585 1 77 theme main 182:185 arg1 agent 197:201 the main etiologic agent 178:201 the main etiologic agent causing invasive aspergillosis 178:232 Aspergillus fumigatus, the main etiologic agent causing invasive aspergillosis, can induce an inflammatory response and a prothrombotic phenotype upon contact with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). 27321585 1 77 theme main 182:185 arg1 fumigatus 167:175 Aspergillus fumigatus 155:175 Aspergillus fumigatus 155:175 Aspergillus fumigatus, the main etiologic agent causing invasive aspergillosis, can induce an inflammatory response and a prothrombotic phenotype upon contact with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). 27321585 12 78 theme discovery-driven 2200:2215 arg1 approach 2228:2235 a discovery-driven proteomics approach 2198:2235 a discovery-driven proteomics approach 2198:2235 The present work employs a discovery-driven proteomics approach to reveal the role of one important cell wall polysaccharide of A. fumigatus, galactosaminogalactan, in the HUVEC interaction and the consequent mechanisms of endothelial activation. 27321585 10 79 theme infection 1688:1696 arg1 aspect 1657:1662 One important clinical aspect 1634:1662 One important clinical aspect of this invasive fungal infection 1634:1696 One important clinical aspect of this invasive fungal infection is vascular thrombosis, which could be related, at least in part, to the activation of endothelial cells, as shown in previous reports from our group. 27321585 13 80 theme proteins 2469:2476 arg1 panel 2460:2464 the overall panel 2448:2464 the overall panel of proteins related to the HUVEC response to a specific and purified cell wall component of the angioinvasive fungus A. fumigatus 2448:2594 This is the first report of the overall panel of proteins related to the HUVEC response to a specific and purified cell wall component of the angioinvasive fungus A. fumigatus. 27321585 4 81 theme gene 629:632 arg1 deletion 634:641 UGM1 gene deletion 624:641 UGM1 gene deletion 624:641 In this study, we investigated the consequences of UGM1 gene deletion in A. fumigatus, which produces a mutant with increased galactosaminogalactan production. 27321585 0 82 theme stress 137:142 arg1 responses 144:152 stress responses 137:152 stress responses 137:152 Modifications to the composition of the hyphal outer layer of Aspergillus fumigatus modulates HUVEC proteins related to inflammatory and stress responses. 27321585 1 83 theme etiologic 187:195 arg1 agent 197:201 the main etiologic agent 178:201 the main etiologic agent causing invasive aspergillosis 178:232 Aspergillus fumigatus, the main etiologic agent causing invasive aspergillosis, can induce an inflammatory response and a prothrombotic phenotype upon contact with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). 27321585 1 83 theme etiologic 187:195 arg1 fumigatus 167:175 Aspergillus fumigatus 155:175 Aspergillus fumigatus 155:175 Aspergillus fumigatus, the main etiologic agent causing invasive aspergillosis, can induce an inflammatory response and a prothrombotic phenotype upon contact with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). 27321585 1 84 theme invasive 211:218 arg1 aspergillosis 220:232 invasive aspergillosis 211:232 invasive aspergillosis 211:232 Aspergillus fumigatus, the main etiologic agent causing invasive aspergillosis, can induce an inflammatory response and a prothrombotic phenotype upon contact with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). 27321585 12 85 theme present 2177:2183 arg1 work 2185:2188 The present work 2173:2188 The present work 2173:2188 The present work employs a discovery-driven proteomics approach to reveal the role of one important cell wall polysaccharide of A. fumigatus, galactosaminogalactan, in the HUVEC interaction and the consequent mechanisms of endothelial activation. 27321585 5 86 theme ∆ugm1 737:741 arg1 mutant 743:748 The ∆ugm1 mutant 733:748 The ∆ugm1 mutant 733:748 The ∆ugm1 mutant exhibited an HUVEC-hyperadhesive phenotype and induced increased endothelial TNF-α secretion and tissue factor mRNA overexpression in this "semi-professional" immune host cell. 27321585 11 87 theme prothrombotic 1988:2000 arg1 phenotype 2002:2010 endothelial prothrombotic phenotype 1976:2010 endothelial prothrombotic phenotype 1976:2010 It is known that direct contact between the A. fumigatus hyphal cell wall and the HUVEC cell surface is necessary to induce an endothelial prothrombotic phenotype and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, though the cell surface components of this angioinvasive fungus that trigger this endothelial response are unknown. 27321585 9 88 theme opportunistic 1556:1568 arg1 infection 1577:1585 the main opportunistic fungal infection 1547:1585 the main opportunistic fungal infection described in neutropenic hematologic patients 1547:1631 SIGNIFICANCE Invasive aspergillosis is the main opportunistic fungal infection described in neutropenic hematologic patients. 27321585 9 88 theme opportunistic 1556:1568 arg1 aspergillosis 1530:1542 SIGNIFICANCE Invasive aspergillosis 1508:1542 SIGNIFICANCE Invasive aspergillosis 1508:1542 SIGNIFICANCE Invasive aspergillosis is the main opportunistic fungal infection described in neutropenic hematologic patients. 27321585 4 89 theme galactosaminogalactan 699:719 arg1 production 721:730 increased galactosaminogalactan production 689:730 increased galactosaminogalactan production 689:730 In this study, we investigated the consequences of UGM1 gene deletion in A. fumigatus, which produces a mutant with increased galactosaminogalactan production. 27321585 13 90 theme cell 2535:2538 arg1 component 2545:2553 a specific and purified cell wall component 2511:2553 a specific and purified cell wall component of the angioinvasive fungus A. fumigatus 2511:2594 This is the first report of the overall panel of proteins related to the HUVEC response to a specific and purified cell wall component of the angioinvasive fungus A. fumigatus. 27321585 11 91 theme cytokines 2046:2054 arg1 secretion 2016:2024 secretion 2016:2024 secretion 2016:2024 It is known that direct contact between the A. fumigatus hyphal cell wall and the HUVEC cell surface is necessary to induce an endothelial prothrombotic phenotype and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, though the cell surface components of this angioinvasive fungus that trigger this endothelial response are unknown. 27321585 11 91 theme cytokines 2046:2054 arg1 phenotype 2002:2010 endothelial prothrombotic phenotype 1976:2010 endothelial prothrombotic phenotype 1976:2010 It is known that direct contact between the A. fumigatus hyphal cell wall and the HUVEC cell surface is necessary to induce an endothelial prothrombotic phenotype and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, though the cell surface components of this angioinvasive fungus that trigger this endothelial response are unknown. 27321585 5 92 theme host 916:919 arg1 cell 921:924 this "semi-professional" immune host cell 884:924 this "semi-professional" immune host cell 884:924 The ∆ugm1 mutant exhibited an HUVEC-hyperadhesive phenotype and induced increased endothelial TNF-α secretion and tissue factor mRNA overexpression in this "semi-professional" immune host cell. 27321585 6 93 theme important 1046:1054 arg1 pathways 1068:1075 important endothelial pathways 1046:1075 important endothelial pathways related to the inflammatory response mediated by TNF-α and to stress response pathways 1046:1162 Using a shotgun proteomics approach, we show that the A. fumigatus ∆ugm1 strain can modulate the levels of proteins in important endothelial pathways related to the inflammatory response mediated by TNF-α and to stress response pathways. 27321585 12 94 theme activation 2408:2417 arg1 mechanisms 2382:2391 the consequent mechanisms 2367:2391 the consequent mechanisms of endothelial activation 2367:2417 The present work employs a discovery-driven proteomics approach to reveal the role of one important cell wall polysaccharide of A. fumigatus, galactosaminogalactan, in the HUVEC interaction and the consequent mechanisms of endothelial activation. 27321585 12 94 theme activation 2408:2417 arg1 role 2251:2254 the role 2247:2254 the role of one important cell wall polysaccharide of A. fumigatus, galactosaminogalactan, in the HUVEC interaction 2247:2361 The present work employs a discovery-driven proteomics approach to reveal the role of one important cell wall polysaccharide of A. fumigatus, galactosaminogalactan, in the HUVEC interaction and the consequent mechanisms of endothelial activation. 27321585 11 95 theme A. 1893:1894 arg1 wall 1918:1921 the A. fumigatus hyphal cell wall 1889:1921 the A. fumigatus hyphal cell wall 1889:1921 It is known that direct contact between the A. fumigatus hyphal cell wall and the HUVEC cell surface is necessary to induce an endothelial prothrombotic phenotype and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, though the cell surface components of this angioinvasive fungus that trigger this endothelial response are unknown. 27321585 5 96 theme HUVEC-hyperadhesive 763:781 arg1 phenotype 783:791 an HUVEC-hyperadhesive phenotype 760:791 an HUVEC-hyperadhesive phenotype 760:791 The ∆ugm1 mutant exhibited an HUVEC-hyperadhesive phenotype and induced increased endothelial TNF-α secretion and tissue factor mRNA overexpression in this "semi-professional" immune host cell. 27321585 6 97 theme proteins 1034:1041 arg1 levels 1024:1029 the levels 1020:1029 the levels of proteins 1020:1041 Using a shotgun proteomics approach, we show that the A. fumigatus ∆ugm1 strain can modulate the levels of proteins in important endothelial pathways related to the inflammatory response mediated by TNF-α and to stress response pathways. 27321585 0 98 theme fumigatus 74:82 arg1 layer 53:57 the hyphal outer layer 36:57 the hyphal outer layer of Aspergillus fumigatus 36:82 Modifications to the composition of the hyphal outer layer of Aspergillus fumigatus modulates HUVEC proteins related to inflammatory and stress responses. 27321585 9 99 theme hematologic 1612:1622 arg1 patients 1624:1631 neutropenic hematologic patients 1600:1631 neutropenic hematologic patients 1600:1631 SIGNIFICANCE Invasive aspergillosis is the main opportunistic fungal infection described in neutropenic hematologic patients. 27321585 12 100 theme consequent 2371:2380 arg1 mechanisms 2382:2391 the consequent mechanisms 2367:2391 the consequent mechanisms of endothelial activation 2367:2417 The present work employs a discovery-driven proteomics approach to reveal the role of one important cell wall polysaccharide of A. fumigatus, galactosaminogalactan, in the HUVEC interaction and the consequent mechanisms of endothelial activation. 27321585 0 101 theme HUVEC 94:98 arg1 proteins 100:107 HUVEC proteins 94:107 HUVEC proteins related to inflammatory and stress responses 94:152 Modifications to the composition of the hyphal outer layer of Aspergillus fumigatus modulates HUVEC proteins related to inflammatory and stress responses. 27321585 11 102 dep A. 1893:1894 arg1 fumigatus 1896:1904 fumigatus 1896:1904 fumigatus 1896:1904 It is known that direct contact between the A. fumigatus hyphal cell wall and the HUVEC cell surface is necessary to induce an endothelial prothrombotic phenotype and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, though the cell surface components of this angioinvasive fungus that trigger this endothelial response are unknown. 27321585 10 103 from group 1842:1846 arg1 reports 1825:1831 previous reports 1816:1831 previous reports from our group 1816:1846 One important clinical aspect of this invasive fungal infection is vascular thrombosis, which could be related, at least in part, to the activation of endothelial cells, as shown in previous reports from our group. 27321585 6 104 theme stress 1139:1144 arg1 pathways 1155:1162 stress response pathways 1139:1162 stress response pathways 1139:1162 Using a shotgun proteomics approach, we show that the A. fumigatus ∆ugm1 strain can modulate the levels of proteins in important endothelial pathways related to the inflammatory response mediated by TNF-α and to stress response pathways. 27321585 0 105 theme related 109:115 arg1 proteins 100:107 HUVEC proteins 94:107 HUVEC proteins related to inflammatory and stress responses 94:152 Modifications to the composition of the hyphal outer layer of Aspergillus fumigatus modulates HUVEC proteins related to inflammatory and stress responses. 27321585 12 106 theme HUVEC 2345:2349 arg1 interaction 2351:2361 the HUVEC interaction 2341:2361 the HUVEC interaction 2341:2361 The present work employs a discovery-driven proteomics approach to reveal the role of one important cell wall polysaccharide of A. fumigatus, galactosaminogalactan, in the HUVEC interaction and the consequent mechanisms of endothelial activation. 27321585 6 107 theme A. 981:982 arg1 strain 1000:1005 the A. fumigatus ∆ugm1 strain 977:1005 the A. fumigatus ∆ugm1 strain 977:1005 Using a shotgun proteomics approach, we show that the A. fumigatus ∆ugm1 strain can modulate the levels of proteins in important endothelial pathways related to the inflammatory response mediated by TNF-α and to stress response pathways. 27321585 13 108 theme related 2478:2484 arg1 proteins 2469:2476 proteins 2469:2476 proteins related to the HUVEC response to a specific and purified cell wall component of the angioinvasive fungus A. fumigatus 2469:2594 This is the first report of the overall panel of proteins related to the HUVEC response to a specific and purified cell wall component of the angioinvasive fungus A. fumigatus. 27321585 6 109 theme inflammatory 1092:1103 arg1 response 1105:1112 the inflammatory response 1088:1112 the inflammatory response mediated by TNF-α 1088:1130 Using a shotgun proteomics approach, we show that the A. fumigatus ∆ugm1 strain can modulate the levels of proteins in important endothelial pathways related to the inflammatory response mediated by TNF-α and to stress response pathways. 27321585 12 110 theme cell 2273:2276 arg1 wall 2278:2281 one important cell wall 2259:2281 one important cell wall polysaccharide of A. fumigatus 2259:2312 The present work employs a discovery-driven proteomics approach to reveal the role of one important cell wall polysaccharide of A. fumigatus, galactosaminogalactan, in the HUVEC interaction and the consequent mechanisms of endothelial activation. 27321585 5 111 theme factor 854:859 arg1 overexpression 866:879 tissue factor mRNA overexpression 847:879 tissue factor mRNA overexpression 847:879 The ∆ugm1 mutant exhibited an HUVEC-hyperadhesive phenotype and induced increased endothelial TNF-α secretion and tissue factor mRNA overexpression in this "semi-professional" immune host cell. 27321585 8 112 theme new 1427:1429 arg1 data 1431:1434 new data 1427:1434 new data regarding endothelial mechanisms in response to A. fumigatus infection 1427:1505 This work contributes new data regarding endothelial mechanisms in response to A. fumigatus infection. 27321585 2 113 theme endothelial 415:425 arg1 response 427:434 this endothelial response 410:434 this endothelial response 410:434 However, the fungal molecules involved in this endothelial response remain unknown. 27321585 5 114 theme increased 805:813 arg1 secretion 833:841 increased endothelial TNF-α secretion 805:841 increased endothelial TNF-α secretion 805:841 The ∆ugm1 mutant exhibited an HUVEC-hyperadhesive phenotype and induced increased endothelial TNF-α secretion and tissue factor mRNA overexpression in this "semi-professional" immune host cell. 27321585 13 115 theme overall 2452:2458 arg1 panel 2460:2464 the overall panel 2448:2464 the overall panel of proteins related to the HUVEC response to a specific and purified cell wall component of the angioinvasive fungus A. fumigatus 2448:2594 This is the first report of the overall panel of proteins related to the HUVEC response to a specific and purified cell wall component of the angioinvasive fungus A. fumigatus. 27321585 12 116 from role 2251:2254 arg1 interaction 2351:2361 the HUVEC interaction 2341:2361 the HUVEC interaction 2341:2361 The present work employs a discovery-driven proteomics approach to reveal the role of one important cell wall polysaccharide of A. fumigatus, galactosaminogalactan, in the HUVEC interaction and the consequent mechanisms of endothelial activation. 27321585 5 117 theme TNF-α 827:831 arg1 secretion 833:841 increased endothelial TNF-α secretion 805:841 increased endothelial TNF-α secretion 805:841 The ∆ugm1 mutant exhibited an HUVEC-hyperadhesive phenotype and induced increased endothelial TNF-α secretion and tissue factor mRNA overexpression in this "semi-professional" immune host cell. 27321585 1 118 theme human 319:323 arg1 HUVECs 359:364 HUVECs 359:364 HUVECs 359:364 Aspergillus fumigatus, the main etiologic agent causing invasive aspergillosis, can induce an inflammatory response and a prothrombotic phenotype upon contact with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). 27321585 1 118 theme human 319:323 arg1 cells 352:356 human umbilical vein endothelial cells 319:356 human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) 319:365 Aspergillus fumigatus, the main etiologic agent causing invasive aspergillosis, can induce an inflammatory response and a prothrombotic phenotype upon contact with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). 27321585 13 119 dep A. 2583:2584 arg1 fumigatus 2586:2594 fumigatus 2586:2594 fumigatus 2586:2594 This is the first report of the overall panel of proteins related to the HUVEC response to a specific and purified cell wall component of the angioinvasive fungus A. fumigatus. 27321585 11 120 theme cell 1913:1916 arg1 wall 1918:1921 the A. fumigatus hyphal cell wall 1889:1921 the A. fumigatus hyphal cell wall 1889:1921 It is known that direct contact between the A. fumigatus hyphal cell wall and the HUVEC cell surface is necessary to induce an endothelial prothrombotic phenotype and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, though the cell surface components of this angioinvasive fungus that trigger this endothelial response are unknown. 27321585 1 121 theme vein 335:338 arg1 HUVECs 359:364 HUVECs 359:364 HUVECs 359:364 Aspergillus fumigatus, the main etiologic agent causing invasive aspergillosis, can induce an inflammatory response and a prothrombotic phenotype upon contact with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). 27321585 1 121 theme vein 335:338 arg1 cells 352:356 human umbilical vein endothelial cells 319:356 human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) 319:365 Aspergillus fumigatus, the main etiologic agent causing invasive aspergillosis, can induce an inflammatory response and a prothrombotic phenotype upon contact with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). 27321585 13 122 theme first 2432:2436 arg1 This 2420:2423 This 2420:2423 This 2420:2423 This is the first report of the overall panel of proteins related to the HUVEC response to a specific and purified cell wall component of the angioinvasive fungus A. fumigatus. 27321585 13 122 theme first 2432:2436 arg1 report 2438:2443 the first report 2428:2443 the first report of the overall panel of proteins related to the HUVEC response to a specific and purified cell wall component of the angioinvasive fungus A. fumigatus 2428:2594 This is the first report of the overall panel of proteins related to the HUVEC response to a specific and purified cell wall component of the angioinvasive fungus A. fumigatus. 27321585 6 123 theme response 1146:1153 arg1 pathways 1155:1162 stress response pathways 1139:1162 stress response pathways 1139:1162 Using a shotgun proteomics approach, we show that the A. fumigatus ∆ugm1 strain can modulate the levels of proteins in important endothelial pathways related to the inflammatory response mediated by TNF-α and to stress response pathways. 27321585 4 124 theme UGM1 624:627 arg1 deletion 634:641 UGM1 gene deletion 624:641 UGM1 gene deletion 624:641 In this study, we investigated the consequences of UGM1 gene deletion in A. fumigatus, which produces a mutant with increased galactosaminogalactan production. 27321585 10 125 theme important 1638:1646 arg1 aspect 1657:1662 One important clinical aspect 1634:1662 One important clinical aspect of this invasive fungal infection 1634:1696 One important clinical aspect of this invasive fungal infection is vascular thrombosis, which could be related, at least in part, to the activation of endothelial cells, as shown in previous reports from our group. 27321585 8 126 theme A. 1484:1485 arg1 infection 1497:1505 A. fumigatus infection 1484:1505 A. fumigatus infection 1484:1505 This work contributes new data regarding endothelial mechanisms in response to A. fumigatus infection. 27321585 11 127 theme HUVEC 1931:1935 arg1 surface 1942:1948 the HUVEC cell surface 1927:1948 the HUVEC cell surface 1927:1948 It is known that direct contact between the A. fumigatus hyphal cell wall and the HUVEC cell surface is necessary to induce an endothelial prothrombotic phenotype and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, though the cell surface components of this angioinvasive fungus that trigger this endothelial response are unknown. 25460682 6 0 theme FINDINGS 636:643 arg1 Results 645:651 FINDINGS Results 636:651 FINDINGS Results 636:651 FINDINGS Results showed that sodium caseinate influenced significantly capsules properties. 25460682 11 1 theme guest 1595:1599 arg1 molecules 1601:1609 guest molecules 1595:1609 guest molecules which can interact with the entrapped molecule under specific conditions 1595:1682 This global approach is useful to control release mechanism from macro and micro-capsules by incorporating guest molecules which can interact with the entrapped molecule under specific conditions. 25460682 3 2 theme composite 258:266 arg1 system 268:273 composite system 258:273 composite system 258:273 Consequently, the creation of composite system by addition of further components is expected to control mechanical and release properties of alginate capsules. 25460682 7 3 theme alginate 1031:1038 arg1 group 1051:1055 alginate carboxylic group 1031:1055 alginate carboxylic group 1031:1055 As regards to the membrane mechanical stability, composite capsules prepared at pH below the isoelectric point of sodium caseinate exhibited the highest surface Young's modulus, increasing with protein content, explained by potential electrostatic interactions between sodium caseinate amino-groups and alginate carboxylic group. 25460682 7 4 theme sodium 842:847 arg1 caseinate 849:857 sodium caseinate 842:857 sodium caseinate 842:857 As regards to the membrane mechanical stability, composite capsules prepared at pH below the isoelectric point of sodium caseinate exhibited the highest surface Young's modulus, increasing with protein content, explained by potential electrostatic interactions between sodium caseinate amino-groups and alginate carboxylic group. 25460682 7 5 theme membrane 746:753 arg1 stability 766:774 the membrane mechanical stability 742:774 the membrane mechanical stability 742:774 As regards to the membrane mechanical stability, composite capsules prepared at pH below the isoelectric point of sodium caseinate exhibited the highest surface Young's modulus, increasing with protein content, explained by potential electrostatic interactions between sodium caseinate amino-groups and alginate carboxylic group. 25460682 3 6 theme system 268:273 arg1 creation 246:253 the creation 242:253 the creation of composite system by addition of further components 242:307 Consequently, the creation of composite system by addition of further components is expected to control mechanical and release properties of alginate capsules. 25460682 8 7 theme composite 1123:1131 arg1 capsules 1133:1140 composite capsules 1123:1140 composite capsules 1123:1140 The kinetic of cochineal red A release changed significantly for composite capsules and showed a pH-responsive release. 25460682 7 8 theme caseinate 1004:1012 arg1 amino-groups 1014:1025 sodium caseinate amino-groups 997:1025 sodium caseinate amino-groups 997:1025 As regards to the membrane mechanical stability, composite capsules prepared at pH below the isoelectric point of sodium caseinate exhibited the highest surface Young's modulus, increasing with protein content, explained by potential electrostatic interactions between sodium caseinate amino-groups and alginate carboxylic group. 25460682 7 9 theme caseinate 849:857 arg1 point 833:837 the isoelectric point 817:837 the isoelectric point of sodium caseinate 817:857 As regards to the membrane mechanical stability, composite capsules prepared at pH below the isoelectric point of sodium caseinate exhibited the highest surface Young's modulus, increasing with protein content, explained by potential electrostatic interactions between sodium caseinate amino-groups and alginate carboxylic group. 25460682 10 10 theme membrane 1459:1466 arg1 process 1479:1485 membrane adsorption process 1459:1485 membrane adsorption process 1459:1485 Consequently, the release mechanism was explained by membrane adsorption process. 25460682 7 11 theme mechanical 755:764 arg1 stability 766:774 the membrane mechanical stability 742:774 the membrane mechanical stability 742:774 As regards to the membrane mechanical stability, composite capsules prepared at pH below the isoelectric point of sodium caseinate exhibited the highest surface Young's modulus, increasing with protein content, explained by potential electrostatic interactions between sodium caseinate amino-groups and alginate carboxylic group. 25460682 9 12 theme absorbance 1218:1227 arg1 spectroscopy 1246:1257 absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy 1218:1257 spectroscopy 1246:1257 Sodium caseinate-dye mixture studied by absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy confirmed complex formation at pH 2 by electrostatic interactions between sodium caseinate tryptophan residues and cochineal red sulfonate-groups. 25460682 8 13 theme release 1089:1095 arg1 kinetic 1062:1068 kinetic 1062:1068 kinetic 1062:1068 The kinetic of cochineal red A release changed significantly for composite capsules and showed a pH-responsive release. 25460682 11 14 theme specific 1664:1671 arg1 conditions 1673:1682 specific conditions 1664:1682 specific conditions 1664:1682 This global approach is useful to control release mechanism from macro and micro-capsules by incorporating guest molecules which can interact with the entrapped molecule under specific conditions. 25460682 9 15 theme red 1384:1386 arg1 sulfonate-groups 1388:1403 cochineal red sulfonate-groups 1374:1403 cochineal red sulfonate-groups 1374:1403 Sodium caseinate-dye mixture studied by absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy confirmed complex formation at pH 2 by electrostatic interactions between sodium caseinate tryptophan residues and cochineal red sulfonate-groups. 25460682 1 16 theme HYPOTHESIS 73:82 arg1 capsules 93:100 HYPOTHESIS Alginate capsules 73:100 HYPOTHESIS Alginate capsules 73:100 HYPOTHESIS Alginate capsules have several applications. 25460682 5 17 theme caseinate 554:562 arg1 concentration 564:576 sodium caseinate concentration 547:576 sodium caseinate concentration 547:576 The influence of the preparation pH and sodium caseinate concentration on capsules physico-chemical properties was investigated. 25460682 9 18 theme complex 1269:1275 arg1 formation 1277:1285 complex formation 1269:1285 complex formation 1269:1285 Sodium caseinate-dye mixture studied by absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy confirmed complex formation at pH 2 by electrostatic interactions between sodium caseinate tryptophan residues and cochineal red sulfonate-groups. 25460682 9 19 theme fluorescence 1233:1244 arg1 spectroscopy 1246:1257 absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy 1218:1257 spectroscopy 1246:1257 Sodium caseinate-dye mixture studied by absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy confirmed complex formation at pH 2 by electrostatic interactions between sodium caseinate tryptophan residues and cochineal red sulfonate-groups. 25460682 10 20 theme adsorption 1468:1477 arg1 process 1479:1485 membrane adsorption process 1459:1485 membrane adsorption process 1459:1485 Consequently, the release mechanism was explained by membrane adsorption process. 25460682 1 21 theme Alginate 84:91 arg1 capsules 93:100 HYPOTHESIS Alginate capsules 73:100 HYPOTHESIS Alginate capsules 73:100 HYPOTHESIS Alginate capsules have several applications. 25460682 5 22 theme concentration 564:576 arg1 influence 511:519 The influence 507:519 The influence of the preparation pH and sodium caseinate concentration on capsules physico-chemical properties 507:616 The influence of the preparation pH and sodium caseinate concentration on capsules physico-chemical properties was investigated. 25460682 3 23 theme further 290:296 arg1 components 298:307 further components 290:307 further components 290:307 Consequently, the creation of composite system by addition of further components is expected to control mechanical and release properties of alginate capsules. 25460682 4 24 theme caseinate 429:437 arg1 capsules 461:468 alginate-sodium caseinate composite liquid-core capsules 413:468 alginate-sodium caseinate composite liquid-core capsules 413:468 EXPERIMENTS Alginate and alginate-sodium caseinate composite liquid-core capsules were prepared by a simple extrusion. 25460682 7 25 theme electrostatic 962:974 arg1 interactions 976:987 potential electrostatic interactions 952:987 potential electrostatic interactions between sodium caseinate amino-groups and alginate carboxylic group 952:1055 As regards to the membrane mechanical stability, composite capsules prepared at pH below the isoelectric point of sodium caseinate exhibited the highest surface Young's modulus, increasing with protein content, explained by potential electrostatic interactions between sodium caseinate amino-groups and alginate carboxylic group. 25460682 0 26 theme caseinate 16:24 arg1 capsules 39:46 Alginate/sodium caseinate aqueous-core capsules 0:46 Alginate/sodium caseinate aqueous-core capsules 0:46 Alginate/sodium caseinate aqueous-core capsules: a pH-responsive matrix. 25460682 4 27 theme alginate-sodium 413:427 arg1 capsules 461:468 alginate-sodium caseinate composite liquid-core capsules 413:468 alginate-sodium caseinate composite liquid-core capsules 413:468 EXPERIMENTS Alginate and alginate-sodium caseinate composite liquid-core capsules were prepared by a simple extrusion. 25460682 5 28 theme capsules 581:588 arg1 properties 607:616 capsules physico-chemical properties 581:616 capsules physico-chemical properties 581:616 The influence of the preparation pH and sodium caseinate concentration on capsules physico-chemical properties was investigated. 25460682 0 29 theme Alginate/sodium 0:14 arg1 capsules 39:46 Alginate/sodium caseinate aqueous-core capsules 0:46 Alginate/sodium caseinate aqueous-core capsules 0:46 Alginate/sodium caseinate aqueous-core capsules: a pH-responsive matrix. 25460682 7 30 theme protein 922:928 arg1 content 930:936 protein content 922:936 protein content 922:936 As regards to the membrane mechanical stability, composite capsules prepared at pH below the isoelectric point of sodium caseinate exhibited the highest surface Young's modulus, increasing with protein content, explained by potential electrostatic interactions between sodium caseinate amino-groups and alginate carboxylic group. 25460682 4 31 theme liquid-core 449:459 arg1 capsules 461:468 alginate-sodium caseinate composite liquid-core capsules 413:468 alginate-sodium caseinate composite liquid-core capsules 413:468 EXPERIMENTS Alginate and alginate-sodium caseinate composite liquid-core capsules were prepared by a simple extrusion. 25460682 1 32 theme several 107:113 arg1 applications 115:126 several applications 107:126 several applications 107:126 HYPOTHESIS Alginate capsules have several applications. 25460682 5 33 theme preparation 528:538 arg1 pH 540:541 the preparation pH 524:541 the preparation pH 524:541 The influence of the preparation pH and sodium caseinate concentration on capsules physico-chemical properties was investigated. 25460682 7 34 theme isoelectric 821:831 arg1 point 833:837 the isoelectric point 817:837 the isoelectric point of sodium caseinate 817:857 As regards to the membrane mechanical stability, composite capsules prepared at pH below the isoelectric point of sodium caseinate exhibited the highest surface Young's modulus, increasing with protein content, explained by potential electrostatic interactions between sodium caseinate amino-groups and alginate carboxylic group. 25460682 6 35 theme capsules 707:714 arg1 properties 716:725 capsules properties 707:725 capsules properties 707:725 FINDINGS Results showed that sodium caseinate influenced significantly capsules properties. 25460682 9 36 theme sodium 1333:1338 arg1 residues 1361:1368 sodium caseinate tryptophan residues 1333:1368 sodium caseinate tryptophan residues 1333:1368 Sodium caseinate-dye mixture studied by absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy confirmed complex formation at pH 2 by electrostatic interactions between sodium caseinate tryptophan residues and cochineal red sulfonate-groups. 25460682 4 37 theme composite 439:447 arg1 capsules 461:468 alginate-sodium caseinate composite liquid-core capsules 413:468 alginate-sodium caseinate composite liquid-core capsules 413:468 EXPERIMENTS Alginate and alginate-sodium caseinate composite liquid-core capsules were prepared by a simple extrusion. 25460682 9 38 theme cochineal 1374:1382 arg1 sulfonate-groups 1388:1403 cochineal red sulfonate-groups 1374:1403 cochineal red sulfonate-groups 1374:1403 Sodium caseinate-dye mixture studied by absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy confirmed complex formation at pH 2 by electrostatic interactions between sodium caseinate tryptophan residues and cochineal red sulfonate-groups. 25460682 5 39 theme pH 540:541 arg1 influence 511:519 The influence 507:519 The influence of the preparation pH and sodium caseinate concentration on capsules physico-chemical properties 507:616 The influence of the preparation pH and sodium caseinate concentration on capsules physico-chemical properties was investigated. 25460682 11 40 theme release 1530:1536 arg1 mechanism 1538:1546 release mechanism 1530:1546 release mechanism 1530:1546 This global approach is useful to control release mechanism from macro and micro-capsules by incorporating guest molecules which can interact with the entrapped molecule under specific conditions. 25460682 0 41 theme aqueous-core 26:37 arg1 capsules 39:46 Alginate/sodium caseinate aqueous-core capsules 0:46 Alginate/sodium caseinate aqueous-core capsules 0:46 Alginate/sodium caseinate aqueous-core capsules: a pH-responsive matrix. 25460682 5 42 from influence 511:519 arg1 properties 607:616 capsules physico-chemical properties 581:616 capsules physico-chemical properties 581:616 The influence of the preparation pH and sodium caseinate concentration on capsules physico-chemical properties was investigated. 25460682 4 43 dep EXPERIMENTS 388:398 arg1 Alginate 400:407 Alginate 400:407 Alginate 400:407 EXPERIMENTS Alginate and alginate-sodium caseinate composite liquid-core capsules were prepared by a simple extrusion. 25460682 4 43 dep EXPERIMENTS 388:398 arg1 capsules 461:468 alginate-sodium caseinate composite liquid-core capsules 413:468 alginate-sodium caseinate composite liquid-core capsules 413:468 EXPERIMENTS Alginate and alginate-sodium caseinate composite liquid-core capsules were prepared by a simple extrusion. 25460682 7 44 theme sodium 997:1002 arg1 amino-groups 1014:1025 sodium caseinate amino-groups 997:1025 sodium caseinate amino-groups 997:1025 As regards to the membrane mechanical stability, composite capsules prepared at pH below the isoelectric point of sodium caseinate exhibited the highest surface Young's modulus, increasing with protein content, explained by potential electrostatic interactions between sodium caseinate amino-groups and alginate carboxylic group. 25460682 3 45 theme components 298:307 arg1 addition 278:285 addition 278:285 addition of further components 278:307 Consequently, the creation of composite system by addition of further components is expected to control mechanical and release properties of alginate capsules. 25460682 2 46 theme mechanical 206:215 arg1 stability 217:225 mechanical stability 206:225 mechanical stability 206:225 Their functionality depends considerably on their permeability, chemical and mechanical stability. 25460682 0 47 dep matrix 65:70 arg1 capsules 39:46 Alginate/sodium caseinate aqueous-core capsules 0:46 Alginate/sodium caseinate aqueous-core capsules 0:46 Alginate/sodium caseinate aqueous-core capsules: a pH-responsive matrix. 25460682 5 48 theme sodium 547:552 arg1 concentration 564:576 sodium caseinate concentration 547:576 sodium caseinate concentration 547:576 The influence of the preparation pH and sodium caseinate concentration on capsules physico-chemical properties was investigated. 25460682 8 49 theme pH-responsive 1155:1167 arg1 release 1169:1175 a pH-responsive release 1153:1175 a pH-responsive release 1153:1175 The kinetic of cochineal red A release changed significantly for composite capsules and showed a pH-responsive release. 25460682 9 50 theme caseinate 1340:1348 arg1 residues 1361:1368 sodium caseinate tryptophan residues 1333:1368 sodium caseinate tryptophan residues 1333:1368 Sodium caseinate-dye mixture studied by absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy confirmed complex formation at pH 2 by electrostatic interactions between sodium caseinate tryptophan residues and cochineal red sulfonate-groups. 25460682 6 51 theme sodium 665:670 arg1 caseinate 672:680 sodium caseinate 665:680 sodium caseinate 665:680 FINDINGS Results showed that sodium caseinate influenced significantly capsules properties. 25460682 9 52 theme electrostatic 1298:1310 arg1 interactions 1312:1323 electrostatic interactions 1298:1323 electrostatic interactions between sodium caseinate tryptophan residues and cochineal red sulfonate-groups 1298:1403 Sodium caseinate-dye mixture studied by absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy confirmed complex formation at pH 2 by electrostatic interactions between sodium caseinate tryptophan residues and cochineal red sulfonate-groups. 25460682 0 53 theme pH-responsive 51:63 arg1 matrix 65:70 a pH-responsive matrix 49:70 a pH-responsive matrix 49:70 Alginate/sodium caseinate aqueous-core capsules: a pH-responsive matrix. 25460682 7 54 theme Young 889:893 arg1 modulus 897:903 the highest surface Young's modulus 869:903 the highest surface Young's modulus 869:903 As regards to the membrane mechanical stability, composite capsules prepared at pH below the isoelectric point of sodium caseinate exhibited the highest surface Young's modulus, increasing with protein content, explained by potential electrostatic interactions between sodium caseinate amino-groups and alginate carboxylic group. 25460682 7 54 theme Young 889:893 arg1 regards 731:737 regards 731:737 regards to the membrane mechanical stability 731:774 As regards to the membrane mechanical stability, composite capsules prepared at pH below the isoelectric point of sodium caseinate exhibited the highest surface Young's modulus, increasing with protein content, explained by potential electrostatic interactions between sodium caseinate amino-groups and alginate carboxylic group. 25460682 3 55 theme release 347:353 arg1 properties 355:364 mechanical and release properties 332:364 properties 355:364 Consequently, the creation of composite system by addition of further components is expected to control mechanical and release properties of alginate capsules. 25460682 4 56 theme simple 489:494 arg1 extrusion 496:504 a simple extrusion 487:504 a simple extrusion 487:504 EXPERIMENTS Alginate and alginate-sodium caseinate composite liquid-core capsules were prepared by a simple extrusion. 25460682 8 57 theme red 1083:1085 arg1 release 1089:1095 cochineal red A release 1073:1095 cochineal red A release 1073:1095 The kinetic of cochineal red A release changed significantly for composite capsules and showed a pH-responsive release. 25460682 9 58 theme caseinate-dye 1185:1197 arg1 mixture 1199:1205 Sodium caseinate-dye mixture 1178:1205 Sodium caseinate-dye mixture studied by absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy 1178:1257 Sodium caseinate-dye mixture studied by absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy confirmed complex formation at pH 2 by electrostatic interactions between sodium caseinate tryptophan residues and cochineal red sulfonate-groups. 25460682 1 59 contain have 102:105 arg1 capsules 93:100 HYPOTHESIS Alginate capsules 73:100 HYPOTHESIS Alginate capsules 73:100 HYPOTHESIS Alginate capsules have several applications. 25460682 1 59 contain have 102:105 arg2 applications 115:126 several applications 107:126 several applications 107:126 HYPOTHESIS Alginate capsules have several applications. 25460682 8 60 theme cochineal 1073:1081 arg1 release 1089:1095 cochineal red A release 1073:1095 cochineal red A release 1073:1095 The kinetic of cochineal red A release changed significantly for composite capsules and showed a pH-responsive release. 25460682 9 61 theme Sodium 1178:1183 arg1 mixture 1199:1205 Sodium caseinate-dye mixture 1178:1205 Sodium caseinate-dye mixture studied by absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy 1178:1257 Sodium caseinate-dye mixture studied by absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy confirmed complex formation at pH 2 by electrostatic interactions between sodium caseinate tryptophan residues and cochineal red sulfonate-groups. 25460682 7 62 theme highest 873:879 arg1 modulus 897:903 the highest surface Young's modulus 869:903 the highest surface Young's modulus 869:903 As regards to the membrane mechanical stability, composite capsules prepared at pH below the isoelectric point of sodium caseinate exhibited the highest surface Young's modulus, increasing with protein content, explained by potential electrostatic interactions between sodium caseinate amino-groups and alginate carboxylic group. 25460682 7 62 theme highest 873:879 arg1 regards 731:737 regards 731:737 regards to the membrane mechanical stability 731:774 As regards to the membrane mechanical stability, composite capsules prepared at pH below the isoelectric point of sodium caseinate exhibited the highest surface Young's modulus, increasing with protein content, explained by potential electrostatic interactions between sodium caseinate amino-groups and alginate carboxylic group. 25460682 3 63 theme mechanical 332:341 arg1 properties 355:364 mechanical and release properties 332:364 properties 355:364 Consequently, the creation of composite system by addition of further components is expected to control mechanical and release properties of alginate capsules. 25460682 7 64 theme composite 777:785 arg1 capsules 787:794 composite capsules 777:794 composite capsules prepared at pH below the isoelectric point of sodium caseinate 777:857 As regards to the membrane mechanical stability, composite capsules prepared at pH below the isoelectric point of sodium caseinate exhibited the highest surface Young's modulus, increasing with protein content, explained by potential electrostatic interactions between sodium caseinate amino-groups and alginate carboxylic group. 25460682 5 65 theme physico-chemical 590:605 arg1 properties 607:616 capsules physico-chemical properties 581:616 capsules physico-chemical properties 581:616 The influence of the preparation pH and sodium caseinate concentration on capsules physico-chemical properties was investigated. 25460682 7 66 theme potential 952:960 arg1 interactions 976:987 potential electrostatic interactions 952:987 potential electrostatic interactions between sodium caseinate amino-groups and alginate carboxylic group 952:1055 As regards to the membrane mechanical stability, composite capsules prepared at pH below the isoelectric point of sodium caseinate exhibited the highest surface Young's modulus, increasing with protein content, explained by potential electrostatic interactions between sodium caseinate amino-groups and alginate carboxylic group. 25460682 7 67 theme carboxylic 1040:1049 arg1 group 1051:1055 alginate carboxylic group 1031:1055 alginate carboxylic group 1031:1055 As regards to the membrane mechanical stability, composite capsules prepared at pH below the isoelectric point of sodium caseinate exhibited the highest surface Young's modulus, increasing with protein content, explained by potential electrostatic interactions between sodium caseinate amino-groups and alginate carboxylic group. 25460682 7 68 theme surface 881:887 arg1 modulus 897:903 the highest surface Young's modulus 869:903 the highest surface Young's modulus 869:903 As regards to the membrane mechanical stability, composite capsules prepared at pH below the isoelectric point of sodium caseinate exhibited the highest surface Young's modulus, increasing with protein content, explained by potential electrostatic interactions between sodium caseinate amino-groups and alginate carboxylic group. 25460682 7 68 theme surface 881:887 arg1 regards 731:737 regards 731:737 regards to the membrane mechanical stability 731:774 As regards to the membrane mechanical stability, composite capsules prepared at pH below the isoelectric point of sodium caseinate exhibited the highest surface Young's modulus, increasing with protein content, explained by potential electrostatic interactions between sodium caseinate amino-groups and alginate carboxylic group. 25460682 3 69 theme alginate 369:376 arg1 capsules 378:385 alginate capsules 369:385 alginate capsules 369:385 Consequently, the creation of composite system by addition of further components is expected to control mechanical and release properties of alginate capsules. 25460682 8 70 theme A 1087:1087 arg1 release 1089:1095 cochineal red A release 1073:1095 cochineal red A release 1073:1095 The kinetic of cochineal red A release changed significantly for composite capsules and showed a pH-responsive release. 25460682 11 71 theme global 1493:1498 arg1 approach 1500:1507 This global approach 1488:1507 This global approach 1488:1507 This global approach is useful to control release mechanism from macro and micro-capsules by incorporating guest molecules which can interact with the entrapped molecule under specific conditions. 25460682 10 72 theme release 1424:1430 arg1 mechanism 1432:1440 the release mechanism 1420:1440 the release mechanism 1420:1440 Consequently, the release mechanism was explained by membrane adsorption process. 25460682 3 73 theme capsules 378:385 arg1 properties 355:364 mechanical and release properties 332:364 properties 355:364 Consequently, the creation of composite system by addition of further components is expected to control mechanical and release properties of alginate capsules. 25460682 9 74 theme tryptophan 1350:1359 arg1 residues 1361:1368 sodium caseinate tryptophan residues 1333:1368 sodium caseinate tryptophan residues 1333:1368 Sodium caseinate-dye mixture studied by absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy confirmed complex formation at pH 2 by electrostatic interactions between sodium caseinate tryptophan residues and cochineal red sulfonate-groups. 25460682 11 75 theme entrapped 1639:1647 arg1 molecule 1649:1656 the entrapped molecule 1635:1656 the entrapped molecule 1635:1656 This global approach is useful to control release mechanism from macro and micro-capsules by incorporating guest molecules which can interact with the entrapped molecule under specific conditions. 28577465 0 0 theme banana 89:94 arg1 peels 96:100 banana peels 89:100 banana peels 89:100 Nanocomposites based on banana starch reinforced with cellulose nanofibers isolated from banana peels. 28577465 3 1 theme intermolecular 692:705 arg1 interactions 707:718 the strong intermolecular interactions 681:718 the strong intermolecular interactions occurring between the starch and cellulose 681:761 The cellulose nanofibers homogeneously dispersed in the starch matrix increased the glass transition temperature, due to the strong intermolecular interactions occurring between the starch and cellulose. 28577465 6 2 theme mechanical 1116:1125 arg1 passages 1236:1243 five passages 1231:1243 five passages 1231:1243 The most suitable mechanical treatment condition for the preparation of cellulose nanofibers and the corresponding nanocomposite was five passages through the high-pressure homogenizer. 28577465 6 2 theme mechanical 1116:1125 arg1 condition 1137:1145 The most suitable mechanical treatment condition 1098:1145 The most suitable mechanical treatment condition for the preparation of cellulose nanofibers and the corresponding nanocomposite 1098:1225 The most suitable mechanical treatment condition for the preparation of cellulose nanofibers and the corresponding nanocomposite was five passages through the high-pressure homogenizer. 28577465 1 3 theme high-pressure 259:271 arg1 homogenizer 273:283 the high-pressure homogenizer 255:283 the high-pressure homogenizer (0, 3, 5, and 7 passages) 255:309 Cellulose nanofibers were isolated from banana peel using a combination of chemical and mechanical treatments with different number of passages through the high-pressure homogenizer (0, 3, 5, and 7 passages). 28577465 1 3 theme high-pressure 259:271 arg1 passages 301:308 0, 3, 5, and 7 passages 286:308 0, 3, 5, and 7 passages 286:308 Cellulose nanofibers were isolated from banana peel using a combination of chemical and mechanical treatments with different number of passages through the high-pressure homogenizer (0, 3, 5, and 7 passages). 28577465 6 4 theme treatment 1127:1135 arg1 passages 1236:1243 five passages 1231:1243 five passages 1231:1243 The most suitable mechanical treatment condition for the preparation of cellulose nanofibers and the corresponding nanocomposite was five passages through the high-pressure homogenizer. 28577465 6 4 theme treatment 1127:1135 arg1 condition 1137:1145 The most suitable mechanical treatment condition 1098:1145 The most suitable mechanical treatment condition for the preparation of cellulose nanofibers and the corresponding nanocomposite 1098:1225 The most suitable mechanical treatment condition for the preparation of cellulose nanofibers and the corresponding nanocomposite was five passages through the high-pressure homogenizer. 28577465 6 5 theme suitable 1107:1114 arg1 passages 1236:1243 five passages 1231:1243 five passages 1231:1243 The most suitable mechanical treatment condition for the preparation of cellulose nanofibers and the corresponding nanocomposite was five passages through the high-pressure homogenizer. 28577465 6 5 theme suitable 1107:1114 arg1 condition 1137:1145 The most suitable mechanical treatment condition 1098:1145 The most suitable mechanical treatment condition for the preparation of cellulose nanofibers and the corresponding nanocomposite 1098:1225 The most suitable mechanical treatment condition for the preparation of cellulose nanofibers and the corresponding nanocomposite was five passages through the high-pressure homogenizer. 28577465 5 6 theme drastic 978:984 arg1 passages 1014:1021 seven passages 1008:1021 seven passages 1008:1021 However, a more drastic mechanical treatment (seven passages) caused defects in nanofibers, deteriorating the nanocomposite properties. 28577465 5 6 theme drastic 978:984 arg1 treatment 997:1005 a more drastic mechanical treatment 971:1005 a more drastic mechanical treatment (seven passages) 971:1022 However, a more drastic mechanical treatment (seven passages) caused defects in nanofibers, deteriorating the nanocomposite properties. 28577465 2 7 theme nanofibers 481:490 arg1 addition 463:470 the addition 459:470 the addition of these nanofibers 459:490 New nanocomposites were then prepared from a mixed suspension of banana starch and cellulose nanofibers using the casting method and the effect of the addition of these nanofibers on the properties of the resulting nanocomposites was investigated. 28577465 5 8 theme mechanical 986:995 arg1 passages 1014:1021 seven passages 1008:1021 seven passages 1008:1021 However, a more drastic mechanical treatment (seven passages) caused defects in nanofibers, deteriorating the nanocomposite properties. 28577465 5 8 theme mechanical 986:995 arg1 treatment 997:1005 a more drastic mechanical treatment 971:1005 a more drastic mechanical treatment (seven passages) 971:1022 However, a more drastic mechanical treatment (seven passages) caused defects in nanofibers, deteriorating the nanocomposite properties. 28577465 7 9 from elements 1418:1425 arg1 variety 1432:1438 a variety 1430:1438 a variety of polymer composites 1430:1460 In general, the cellulose nanofibers improved the features of the starch-based material and are potentially applicable as reinforcing elements in a variety of polymer composites. 28577465 7 9 from elements 1418:1425 arg1 composites 1451:1460 polymer composites 1443:1460 polymer composites 1443:1460 In general, the cellulose nanofibers improved the features of the starch-based material and are potentially applicable as reinforcing elements in a variety of polymer composites. 28577465 2 10 from effect 449:454 arg1 properties 499:508 the properties 495:508 the properties of the resulting nanocomposites 495:540 New nanocomposites were then prepared from a mixed suspension of banana starch and cellulose nanofibers using the casting method and the effect of the addition of these nanofibers on the properties of the resulting nanocomposites was investigated. 28577465 6 11 theme corresponding 1199:1211 arg1 nanocomposite 1213:1225 the corresponding nanocomposite 1195:1225 the corresponding nanocomposite 1195:1225 The most suitable mechanical treatment condition for the preparation of cellulose nanofibers and the corresponding nanocomposite was five passages through the high-pressure homogenizer. 28577465 6 11 theme corresponding 1199:1211 arg1 nanofibers 1180:1189 cellulose nanofibers 1170:1189 cellulose nanofibers 1170:1189 The most suitable mechanical treatment condition for the preparation of cellulose nanofibers and the corresponding nanocomposite was five passages through the high-pressure homogenizer. 28577465 1 12 theme chemical 178:185 arg1 treatments 202:211 chemical and mechanical treatments 178:211 chemical and mechanical treatments with different number of passages through the high-pressure homogenizer (0, 3, 5, and 7 passages) 178:309 Cellulose nanofibers were isolated from banana peel using a combination of chemical and mechanical treatments with different number of passages through the high-pressure homogenizer (0, 3, 5, and 7 passages). 28577465 2 13 theme casting 426:432 arg1 method 434:439 the casting method 422:439 the casting method 422:439 New nanocomposites were then prepared from a mixed suspension of banana starch and cellulose nanofibers using the casting method and the effect of the addition of these nanofibers on the properties of the resulting nanocomposites was investigated. 28577465 2 14 theme mixed 357:361 arg1 suspension 363:372 a mixed suspension 355:372 a mixed suspension of banana starch and cellulose nanofibers using the casting method 355:439 New nanocomposites were then prepared from a mixed suspension of banana starch and cellulose nanofibers using the casting method and the effect of the addition of these nanofibers on the properties of the resulting nanocomposites was investigated. 28577465 1 15 theme mechanical 191:200 arg1 treatments 202:211 chemical and mechanical treatments 178:211 chemical and mechanical treatments with different number of passages through the high-pressure homogenizer (0, 3, 5, and 7 passages) 178:309 Cellulose nanofibers were isolated from banana peel using a combination of chemical and mechanical treatments with different number of passages through the high-pressure homogenizer (0, 3, 5, and 7 passages). 28577465 0 16 theme banana 24:29 arg1 starch 31:36 banana starch 24:36 banana starch 24:36 Nanocomposites based on banana starch reinforced with cellulose nanofibers isolated from banana peels. 28577465 2 17 theme resulting 517:525 arg1 nanocomposites 527:540 the resulting nanocomposites 513:540 the resulting nanocomposites 513:540 New nanocomposites were then prepared from a mixed suspension of banana starch and cellulose nanofibers using the casting method and the effect of the addition of these nanofibers on the properties of the resulting nanocomposites was investigated. 28577465 1 18 theme Cellulose 103:111 arg1 nanofibers 113:122 Cellulose nanofibers 103:122 Cellulose nanofibers 103:122 Cellulose nanofibers were isolated from banana peel using a combination of chemical and mechanical treatments with different number of passages through the high-pressure homogenizer (0, 3, 5, and 7 passages). 28577465 7 19 theme polymer 1443:1449 arg1 composites 1451:1460 polymer composites 1443:1460 polymer composites 1443:1460 In general, the cellulose nanofibers improved the features of the starch-based material and are potentially applicable as reinforcing elements in a variety of polymer composites. 28577465 1 20 theme treatments 202:211 arg1 combination 163:173 a combination 161:173 a combination of chemical and mechanical treatments with different number of passages through the high-pressure homogenizer (0, 3, 5, and 7 passages) 161:309 Cellulose nanofibers were isolated from banana peel using a combination of chemical and mechanical treatments with different number of passages through the high-pressure homogenizer (0, 3, 5, and 7 passages). 28577465 2 21 theme nanofibers 405:414 arg1 suspension 363:372 a mixed suspension 355:372 a mixed suspension of banana starch and cellulose nanofibers using the casting method 355:439 New nanocomposites were then prepared from a mixed suspension of banana starch and cellulose nanofibers using the casting method and the effect of the addition of these nanofibers on the properties of the resulting nanocomposites was investigated. 28577465 6 22 theme cellulose 1170:1178 arg1 nanofibers 1180:1189 cellulose nanofibers 1170:1189 cellulose nanofibers 1170:1189 The most suitable mechanical treatment condition for the preparation of cellulose nanofibers and the corresponding nanocomposite was five passages through the high-pressure homogenizer. 28577465 3 23 dep starch 742:747 arg1 the 738:740 the 738:740 the 738:740 The cellulose nanofibers homogeneously dispersed in the starch matrix increased the glass transition temperature, due to the strong intermolecular interactions occurring between the starch and cellulose. 28577465 7 24 theme starch-based 1350:1361 arg1 material 1363:1370 the starch-based material 1346:1370 the starch-based material 1346:1370 In general, the cellulose nanofibers improved the features of the starch-based material and are potentially applicable as reinforcing elements in a variety of polymer composites. 28577465 3 25 theme glass 644:648 arg1 transition 650:659 the glass transition 640:659 the glass transition temperature 640:671 The cellulose nanofibers homogeneously dispersed in the starch matrix increased the glass transition temperature, due to the strong intermolecular interactions occurring between the starch and cellulose. 28577465 1 26 with treatments 202:211 arg1 number 228:233 different number 218:233 different number of passages through the high-pressure homogenizer (0, 3, 5, and 7 passages) 218:309 Cellulose nanofibers were isolated from banana peel using a combination of chemical and mechanical treatments with different number of passages through the high-pressure homogenizer (0, 3, 5, and 7 passages). 28577465 1 27 theme different 218:226 arg1 number 228:233 different number 218:233 different number of passages through the high-pressure homogenizer (0, 3, 5, and 7 passages) 218:309 Cellulose nanofibers were isolated from banana peel using a combination of chemical and mechanical treatments with different number of passages through the high-pressure homogenizer (0, 3, 5, and 7 passages). 28577465 4 28 theme Young 839:843 arg1 modulus 847:853 Young's modulus 839:853 Young's modulus 839:853 The nanocomposites exhibited significantly increased the tensile strength, Young's modulus, water-resistance, opacity, and crystallinity as the number of passages through the homogenizer augmented. 28577465 5 29 from defects 1031:1037 arg1 nanofibers 1042:1051 nanofibers 1042:1051 nanofibers 1042:1051 However, a more drastic mechanical treatment (seven passages) caused defects in nanofibers, deteriorating the nanocomposite properties. 28577465 2 30 theme starch 384:389 arg1 nanofibers 405:414 banana starch and cellulose nanofibers 377:414 banana starch and cellulose nanofibers using the casting method 377:439 New nanocomposites were then prepared from a mixed suspension of banana starch and cellulose nanofibers using the casting method and the effect of the addition of these nanofibers on the properties of the resulting nanocomposites was investigated. 28577465 7 31 theme composites 1451:1460 arg1 variety 1432:1438 a variety 1430:1438 a variety of polymer composites 1430:1460 In general, the cellulose nanofibers improved the features of the starch-based material and are potentially applicable as reinforcing elements in a variety of polymer composites. 28577465 7 31 theme composites 1451:1460 arg1 composites 1451:1460 polymer composites 1443:1460 polymer composites 1443:1460 In general, the cellulose nanofibers improved the features of the starch-based material and are potentially applicable as reinforcing elements in a variety of polymer composites. 28577465 2 32 theme banana 377:382 arg1 nanofibers 405:414 banana starch and cellulose nanofibers 377:414 banana starch and cellulose nanofibers using the casting method 377:439 New nanocomposites were then prepared from a mixed suspension of banana starch and cellulose nanofibers using the casting method and the effect of the addition of these nanofibers on the properties of the resulting nanocomposites was investigated. 28577465 0 33 theme cellulose 54:62 arg1 nanofibers 64:73 cellulose nanofibers 54:73 cellulose nanofibers isolated from banana peels 54:100 Nanocomposites based on banana starch reinforced with cellulose nanofibers isolated from banana peels. 28577465 0 34 attach isolated 75:82 arg2 nanofibers 64:73 cellulose nanofibers 54:73 cellulose nanofibers isolated from banana peels 54:100 Nanocomposites based on banana starch reinforced with cellulose nanofibers isolated from banana peels. 28577465 0 34 attach isolated 75:82 arg1 peels 96:100 banana peels 89:100 banana peels 89:100 Nanocomposites based on banana starch reinforced with cellulose nanofibers isolated from banana peels. 28577465 3 35 theme strong 685:690 arg1 interactions 707:718 the strong intermolecular interactions 681:718 the strong intermolecular interactions occurring between the starch and cellulose 681:761 The cellulose nanofibers homogeneously dispersed in the starch matrix increased the glass transition temperature, due to the strong intermolecular interactions occurring between the starch and cellulose. 28577465 3 36 theme cellulose 564:572 arg1 nanofibers 574:583 The cellulose nanofibers 560:583 The cellulose nanofibers homogeneously dispersed in the starch matrix 560:628 The cellulose nanofibers homogeneously dispersed in the starch matrix increased the glass transition temperature, due to the strong intermolecular interactions occurring between the starch and cellulose. 28577465 2 37 theme New 312:314 arg1 nanocomposites 316:329 New nanocomposites 312:329 New nanocomposites 312:329 New nanocomposites were then prepared from a mixed suspension of banana starch and cellulose nanofibers using the casting method and the effect of the addition of these nanofibers on the properties of the resulting nanocomposites was investigated. 28577465 4 38 theme passages 918:925 arg1 number 908:913 the number 904:913 the number of passages 904:925 The nanocomposites exhibited significantly increased the tensile strength, Young's modulus, water-resistance, opacity, and crystallinity as the number of passages through the homogenizer augmented. 28577465 6 39 theme high-pressure 1257:1269 arg1 homogenizer 1271:1281 the high-pressure homogenizer 1253:1281 the high-pressure homogenizer 1253:1281 The most suitable mechanical treatment condition for the preparation of cellulose nanofibers and the corresponding nanocomposite was five passages through the high-pressure homogenizer. 28577465 6 40 theme nanofibers 1180:1189 arg1 nanocomposite 1213:1225 the corresponding nanocomposite 1195:1225 the corresponding nanocomposite 1195:1225 The most suitable mechanical treatment condition for the preparation of cellulose nanofibers and the corresponding nanocomposite was five passages through the high-pressure homogenizer. 28577465 6 40 theme nanofibers 1180:1189 arg1 preparation 1155:1165 the preparation 1151:1165 the preparation of cellulose nanofibers 1151:1189 The most suitable mechanical treatment condition for the preparation of cellulose nanofibers and the corresponding nanocomposite was five passages through the high-pressure homogenizer. 28577465 6 40 theme nanofibers 1180:1189 arg1 nanofibers 1180:1189 cellulose nanofibers 1170:1189 cellulose nanofibers 1170:1189 The most suitable mechanical treatment condition for the preparation of cellulose nanofibers and the corresponding nanocomposite was five passages through the high-pressure homogenizer. 28577465 2 41 theme nanocomposites 527:540 arg1 properties 499:508 the properties 495:508 the properties of the resulting nanocomposites 495:540 New nanocomposites were then prepared from a mixed suspension of banana starch and cellulose nanofibers using the casting method and the effect of the addition of these nanofibers on the properties of the resulting nanocomposites was investigated. 28577465 3 42 theme transition 650:659 arg1 temperature 661:671 the glass transition temperature 640:671 the glass transition temperature 640:671 The cellulose nanofibers homogeneously dispersed in the starch matrix increased the glass transition temperature, due to the strong intermolecular interactions occurring between the starch and cellulose. 28577465 3 43 theme starch 616:621 arg1 matrix 623:628 the starch matrix 612:628 the starch matrix 612:628 The cellulose nanofibers homogeneously dispersed in the starch matrix increased the glass transition temperature, due to the strong intermolecular interactions occurring between the starch and cellulose. 28577465 1 44 theme banana 143:148 arg1 peel 150:153 banana peel 143:153 banana peel 143:153 Cellulose nanofibers were isolated from banana peel using a combination of chemical and mechanical treatments with different number of passages through the high-pressure homogenizer (0, 3, 5, and 7 passages). 28577465 1 45 theme passages 238:245 arg1 number 228:233 different number 218:233 different number of passages through the high-pressure homogenizer (0, 3, 5, and 7 passages) 218:309 Cellulose nanofibers were isolated from banana peel using a combination of chemical and mechanical treatments with different number of passages through the high-pressure homogenizer (0, 3, 5, and 7 passages). 28577465 5 46 theme nanocomposite 1072:1084 arg1 properties 1086:1095 the nanocomposite properties 1068:1095 the nanocomposite properties 1068:1095 However, a more drastic mechanical treatment (seven passages) caused defects in nanofibers, deteriorating the nanocomposite properties. 28577465 7 47 theme reinforcing 1406:1416 arg1 elements 1418:1425 reinforcing elements 1406:1425 reinforcing elements in a variety of polymer composites 1406:1460 In general, the cellulose nanofibers improved the features of the starch-based material and are potentially applicable as reinforcing elements in a variety of polymer composites. 28577465 2 48 theme cellulose 395:403 arg1 nanofibers 405:414 banana starch and cellulose nanofibers 377:414 banana starch and cellulose nanofibers using the casting method 377:439 New nanocomposites were then prepared from a mixed suspension of banana starch and cellulose nanofibers using the casting method and the effect of the addition of these nanofibers on the properties of the resulting nanocomposites was investigated. 28577465 7 49 theme cellulose 1300:1308 arg1 nanofibers 1310:1319 the cellulose nanofibers 1296:1319 the cellulose nanofibers 1296:1319 In general, the cellulose nanofibers improved the features of the starch-based material and are potentially applicable as reinforcing elements in a variety of polymer composites. 28577465 7 49 theme cellulose 1300:1308 arg1 applicable 1392:1401 applicable 1392:1401 applicable 1392:1401 In general, the cellulose nanofibers improved the features of the starch-based material and are potentially applicable as reinforcing elements in a variety of polymer composites. 28577465 7 50 theme material 1363:1370 arg1 features 1334:1341 the features 1330:1341 the features of the starch-based material 1330:1370 In general, the cellulose nanofibers improved the features of the starch-based material and are potentially applicable as reinforcing elements in a variety of polymer composites. 28577465 2 51 theme addition 463:470 arg1 effect 449:454 the effect 445:454 the effect of the addition of these nanofibers on the properties of the resulting nanocomposites 445:540 New nanocomposites were then prepared from a mixed suspension of banana starch and cellulose nanofibers using the casting method and the effect of the addition of these nanofibers on the properties of the resulting nanocomposites was investigated. 28577465 1 52 attach isolated 129:136 arg2 nanofibers 113:122 Cellulose nanofibers 103:122 Cellulose nanofibers 103:122 Cellulose nanofibers were isolated from banana peel using a combination of chemical and mechanical treatments with different number of passages through the high-pressure homogenizer (0, 3, 5, and 7 passages). 28577465 1 52 attach isolated 129:136 arg1 peel 150:153 banana peel 143:153 banana peel 143:153 Cellulose nanofibers were isolated from banana peel using a combination of chemical and mechanical treatments with different number of passages through the high-pressure homogenizer (0, 3, 5, and 7 passages). 28577465 4 53 theme tensile 821:827 arg1 strength 829:836 the tensile strength 817:836 the tensile strength 817:836 The nanocomposites exhibited significantly increased the tensile strength, Young's modulus, water-resistance, opacity, and crystallinity as the number of passages through the homogenizer augmented. 28577465 4 54 dep exhibited 783:791 arg1 increased 807:815 increased 807:815 exhibited significantly increased the tensile strength, Young's modulus, water-resistance, opacity, and crystallinity as the number of passages through the homogenizer augmented 783:959 The nanocomposites exhibited significantly increased the tensile strength, Young's modulus, water-resistance, opacity, and crystallinity as the number of passages through the homogenizer augmented. 24342050 0 0 theme A 100:100 arg1 removal 69:75 removal 69:75 removal of tetrabromobisphenol A and Pb(II) 69:111 Development of carbon nanotubes/CoFe2O4 magnetic hybrid material for removal of tetrabromobisphenol A and Pb(II). 24342050 3 1 theme surface 715:721 arg1 method 728:733 the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area method 682:733 the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area method 682:733 The obtained hybrid materials were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrogram (FT-IR) Analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Analysis, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area method, respectively. 24342050 3 2 theme Transmission 484:495 arg1 TEM 518:520 TEM 518:520 TEM 518:520 The obtained hybrid materials were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrogram (FT-IR) Analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Analysis, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area method, respectively. 24342050 3 2 theme Transmission 484:495 arg1 Microscopy 506:515 Transmission Electron Microscopy 484:515 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) 484:521 The obtained hybrid materials were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrogram (FT-IR) Analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Analysis, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area method, respectively. 24342050 7 3 from media 1303:1307 arg1 separable 1281:1289 separable 1281:1289 separable 1281:1289 Magnetic composite particles with adsorbed TBBPA and Pb(II) could be regenerated using 0.2M NaOH solution and were separable from liquid media using a magnetic field. 24342050 0 4 theme tetrabromobisphenol 80:98 arg1 A 100:100 tetrabromobisphenol A 80:100 tetrabromobisphenol A 80:100 Development of carbon nanotubes/CoFe2O4 magnetic hybrid material for removal of tetrabromobisphenol A and Pb(II). 24342050 3 5 theme VSM 664:666 arg1 Analysis 669:676 Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis 633:676 Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis 633:676 The obtained hybrid materials were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrogram (FT-IR) Analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Analysis, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area method, respectively. 24342050 3 5 theme VSM 664:666 arg1 Analysis 571:578 Infrared Spectrogram (FT-IR) Analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy 542:615 Analysis 571:578 The obtained hybrid materials were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrogram (FT-IR) Analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Analysis, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area method, respectively. 24342050 5 6 theme Pb 1003:1004 arg1 absorption 1010:1019 Pb(II) absorption 1003:1019 Pb(II) absorption 1003:1019 The adsorption of TBBPA was well represented by the Freundlich isotherm; the Langmuir model better described Pb(II) absorption. 24342050 3 7 theme Electron 497:504 arg1 TEM 518:520 TEM 518:520 TEM 518:520 The obtained hybrid materials were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrogram (FT-IR) Analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Analysis, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area method, respectively. 24342050 3 7 theme Electron 497:504 arg1 Microscopy 506:515 Transmission Electron Microscopy 484:515 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) 484:521 The obtained hybrid materials were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrogram (FT-IR) Analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Analysis, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area method, respectively. 24342050 0 8 theme Pb 106:107 arg1 removal 69:75 removal 69:75 removal of tetrabromobisphenol A and Pb(II) 69:111 Development of carbon nanotubes/CoFe2O4 magnetic hybrid material for removal of tetrabromobisphenol A and Pb(II). 24342050 5 9 theme Langmuir 971:978 arg1 model 980:984 the Langmuir model 967:984 the Langmuir model 967:984 The adsorption of TBBPA was well represented by the Freundlich isotherm; the Langmuir model better described Pb(II) absorption. 24342050 5 10 theme TBBPA 912:916 arg1 adsorption 898:907 The adsorption 894:907 The adsorption of TBBPA 894:916 The adsorption of TBBPA was well represented by the Freundlich isotherm; the Langmuir model better described Pb(II) absorption. 24342050 6 11 theme adsorption 1070:1079 arg1 capacities 1081:1090 maximum adsorption capacities 1062:1090 maximum adsorption capacities of 42.48 and 140.1mgg(-1), respectively 1062:1130 MNP-CTS adsorbed both TBBPA and Pb(II) (maximum adsorption capacities of 42.48 and 140.1mgg(-1), respectively) better than did MNP without CTS. 24342050 6 12 theme 42.48 1095:1099 arg1 capacities 1081:1090 maximum adsorption capacities 1062:1090 maximum adsorption capacities of 42.48 and 140.1mgg(-1), respectively 1062:1130 MNP-CTS adsorbed both TBBPA and Pb(II) (maximum adsorption capacities of 42.48 and 140.1mgg(-1), respectively) better than did MNP without CTS. 24342050 2 13 theme MNP 296:298 arg1 composite 300:308 The MNP composite 292:308 The MNP composite 292:308 The MNP composite was further modified with chitosan (CTS) to obtain a chitosan-functionalized MWCNT/CoFe2O4-NH2 hybrid material (MNP-CTS). 24342050 3 14 theme BET 710:712 arg1 method 728:733 the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area method 682:733 the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area method 682:733 The obtained hybrid materials were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrogram (FT-IR) Analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Analysis, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area method, respectively. 24342050 3 15 theme hybrid 445:450 arg1 materials 452:460 The obtained hybrid materials 432:460 The obtained hybrid materials 432:460 The obtained hybrid materials were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrogram (FT-IR) Analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Analysis, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area method, respectively. 24342050 7 16 theme liquid 1296:1301 arg1 media 1303:1307 liquid media 1296:1307 liquid media using a magnetic field 1296:1330 Magnetic composite particles with adsorbed TBBPA and Pb(II) could be regenerated using 0.2M NaOH solution and were separable from liquid media using a magnetic field. 24342050 3 17 dep Analysis 571:578 arg1 Analysis 623:630 Analysis 623:630 Analysis 623:630 The obtained hybrid materials were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrogram (FT-IR) Analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Analysis, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area method, respectively. 24342050 3 18 theme obtained 436:443 arg1 materials 452:460 The obtained hybrid materials 432:460 The obtained hybrid materials 432:460 The obtained hybrid materials were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrogram (FT-IR) Analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Analysis, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area method, respectively. 24342050 7 19 theme magnetic 1317:1324 arg1 field 1326:1330 a magnetic field 1315:1330 a magnetic field 1315:1330 Magnetic composite particles with adsorbed TBBPA and Pb(II) could be regenerated using 0.2M NaOH solution and were separable from liquid media using a magnetic field. 24342050 3 20 theme Brunauer-Emmett-Teller 686:707 arg1 method 728:733 the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area method 682:733 the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area method 682:733 The obtained hybrid materials were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrogram (FT-IR) Analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Analysis, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area method, respectively. 24342050 3 21 theme Spectrogram 551:561 arg1 Analysis 571:578 Infrared Spectrogram (FT-IR) Analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy 542:615 Analysis 571:578 The obtained hybrid materials were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrogram (FT-IR) Analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Analysis, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area method, respectively. 24342050 3 21 theme Spectrogram 551:561 arg1 Analysis 669:676 Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis 633:676 Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis 633:676 The obtained hybrid materials were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrogram (FT-IR) Analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Analysis, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area method, respectively. 24342050 3 21 theme Spectrogram 551:561 arg1 XPS 618:620 XPS 618:620 XPS 618:620 The obtained hybrid materials were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrogram (FT-IR) Analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Analysis, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area method, respectively. 24342050 1 22 theme magnetic 165:172 arg1 CoFe2O4-NH2 198:208 CoFe2O4-NH2 198:208 CoFe2O4-NH2 198:208 Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) coated with magnetic amino-modified CoFe2O4 (CoFe2O4-NH2) nanoparticles (denoted as MNP) were prepared via a simple one-pot polyol method. 24342050 1 22 theme magnetic 165:172 arg1 CoFe2O4 189:195 magnetic amino-modified CoFe2O4 165:195 magnetic amino-modified CoFe2O4 (CoFe2O4-NH2) nanoparticles (denoted as MNP) 165:240 Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) coated with magnetic amino-modified CoFe2O4 (CoFe2O4-NH2) nanoparticles (denoted as MNP) were prepared via a simple one-pot polyol method. 24342050 3 23 theme area 723:726 arg1 method 728:733 the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area method 682:733 the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area method 682:733 The obtained hybrid materials were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrogram (FT-IR) Analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Analysis, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area method, respectively. 24342050 6 24 theme maximum 1062:1068 arg1 capacities 1081:1090 maximum adsorption capacities 1062:1090 maximum adsorption capacities of 42.48 and 140.1mgg(-1), respectively 1062:1130 MNP-CTS adsorbed both TBBPA and Pb(II) (maximum adsorption capacities of 42.48 and 140.1mgg(-1), respectively) better than did MNP without CTS. 24342050 1 25 theme amino-modified 174:187 arg1 CoFe2O4-NH2 198:208 CoFe2O4-NH2 198:208 CoFe2O4-NH2 198:208 Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) coated with magnetic amino-modified CoFe2O4 (CoFe2O4-NH2) nanoparticles (denoted as MNP) were prepared via a simple one-pot polyol method. 24342050 1 25 theme amino-modified 174:187 arg1 CoFe2O4 189:195 magnetic amino-modified CoFe2O4 165:195 magnetic amino-modified CoFe2O4 (CoFe2O4-NH2) nanoparticles (denoted as MNP) 165:240 Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) coated with magnetic amino-modified CoFe2O4 (CoFe2O4-NH2) nanoparticles (denoted as MNP) were prepared via a simple one-pot polyol method. 24342050 5 26 theme Freundlich 946:955 arg1 isotherm 957:964 the Freundlich isotherm 942:964 the Freundlich isotherm 942:964 The adsorption of TBBPA was well represented by the Freundlich isotherm; the Langmuir model better described Pb(II) absorption. 24342050 7 27 with particles 1185:1193 arg1 Pb 1219:1220 Pb(II) 1219:1224 Pb(II) 1219:1224 Magnetic composite particles with adsorbed TBBPA and Pb(II) could be regenerated using 0.2M NaOH solution and were separable from liquid media using a magnetic field. 24342050 7 27 with particles 1185:1193 arg1 TBBPA 1209:1213 adsorbed TBBPA 1200:1213 adsorbed TBBPA 1200:1213 Magnetic composite particles with adsorbed TBBPA and Pb(II) could be regenerated using 0.2M NaOH solution and were separable from liquid media using a magnetic field. 24342050 7 28 theme 0.2M 1253:1256 arg1 solution 1263:1270 0.2M NaOH solution 1253:1270 0.2M NaOH solution 1253:1270 Magnetic composite particles with adsorbed TBBPA and Pb(II) could be regenerated using 0.2M NaOH solution and were separable from liquid media using a magnetic field. 24342050 2 29 theme hybrid 405:410 arg1 MNP-CTS 422:428 MNP-CTS 422:428 MNP-CTS 422:428 The MNP composite was further modified with chitosan (CTS) to obtain a chitosan-functionalized MWCNT/CoFe2O4-NH2 hybrid material (MNP-CTS). 24342050 2 29 theme hybrid 405:410 arg1 material 412:419 a chitosan-functionalized MWCNT/CoFe2O4-NH2 hybrid material 361:419 a chitosan-functionalized MWCNT/CoFe2O4-NH2 hybrid material (MNP-CTS) 361:429 The MNP composite was further modified with chitosan (CTS) to obtain a chitosan-functionalized MWCNT/CoFe2O4-NH2 hybrid material (MNP-CTS). 24342050 0 30 theme carbon 15:20 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development of carbon 0:20 Development of carbon nanotubes/CoFe2O4 magnetic hybrid material for removal of tetrabromobisphenol A and Pb(II). 24342050 1 31 theme simple 262:267 arg1 method 284:289 a simple one-pot polyol method 260:289 a simple one-pot polyol method 260:289 Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) coated with magnetic amino-modified CoFe2O4 (CoFe2O4-NH2) nanoparticles (denoted as MNP) were prepared via a simple one-pot polyol method. 24342050 3 32 theme Infrared 542:549 arg1 Analysis 571:578 Infrared Spectrogram (FT-IR) Analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy 542:615 Analysis 571:578 The obtained hybrid materials were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrogram (FT-IR) Analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Analysis, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area method, respectively. 24342050 3 32 theme Infrared 542:549 arg1 Analysis 669:676 Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis 633:676 Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis 633:676 The obtained hybrid materials were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrogram (FT-IR) Analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Analysis, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area method, respectively. 24342050 3 32 theme Infrared 542:549 arg1 XPS 618:620 XPS 618:620 XPS 618:620 The obtained hybrid materials were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrogram (FT-IR) Analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Analysis, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area method, respectively. 24342050 2 33 theme MWCNT/CoFe2O4-NH2 387:403 arg1 MNP-CTS 422:428 MNP-CTS 422:428 MNP-CTS 422:428 The MNP composite was further modified with chitosan (CTS) to obtain a chitosan-functionalized MWCNT/CoFe2O4-NH2 hybrid material (MNP-CTS). 24342050 2 33 theme MWCNT/CoFe2O4-NH2 387:403 arg1 material 412:419 a chitosan-functionalized MWCNT/CoFe2O4-NH2 hybrid material 361:419 a chitosan-functionalized MWCNT/CoFe2O4-NH2 hybrid material (MNP-CTS) 361:429 The MNP composite was further modified with chitosan (CTS) to obtain a chitosan-functionalized MWCNT/CoFe2O4-NH2 hybrid material (MNP-CTS). 24342050 0 34 theme hybrid 49:54 arg1 material 56:63 magnetic hybrid material 40:63 magnetic hybrid material 40:63 Development of carbon nanotubes/CoFe2O4 magnetic hybrid material for removal of tetrabromobisphenol A and Pb(II). 24342050 1 35 theme one-pot 269:275 arg1 method 284:289 a simple one-pot polyol method 260:289 a simple one-pot polyol method 260:289 Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) coated with magnetic amino-modified CoFe2O4 (CoFe2O4-NH2) nanoparticles (denoted as MNP) were prepared via a simple one-pot polyol method. 24342050 7 36 theme NaOH 1258:1261 arg1 solution 1263:1270 0.2M NaOH solution 1253:1270 0.2M NaOH solution 1253:1270 Magnetic composite particles with adsorbed TBBPA and Pb(II) could be regenerated using 0.2M NaOH solution and were separable from liquid media using a magnetic field. 24342050 2 37 theme chitosan-functionalized 363:385 arg1 MNP-CTS 422:428 MNP-CTS 422:428 MNP-CTS 422:428 The MNP composite was further modified with chitosan (CTS) to obtain a chitosan-functionalized MWCNT/CoFe2O4-NH2 hybrid material (MNP-CTS). 24342050 2 37 theme chitosan-functionalized 363:385 arg1 material 412:419 a chitosan-functionalized MWCNT/CoFe2O4-NH2 hybrid material 361:419 a chitosan-functionalized MWCNT/CoFe2O4-NH2 hybrid material (MNP-CTS) 361:429 The MNP composite was further modified with chitosan (CTS) to obtain a chitosan-functionalized MWCNT/CoFe2O4-NH2 hybrid material (MNP-CTS). 24342050 0 38 theme magnetic 40:47 arg1 material 56:63 magnetic hybrid material 40:63 magnetic hybrid material 40:63 Development of carbon nanotubes/CoFe2O4 magnetic hybrid material for removal of tetrabromobisphenol A and Pb(II). 24342050 1 39 theme polyol 277:282 arg1 method 284:289 a simple one-pot polyol method 260:289 a simple one-pot polyol method 260:289 Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) coated with magnetic amino-modified CoFe2O4 (CoFe2O4-NH2) nanoparticles (denoted as MNP) were prepared via a simple one-pot polyol method. 24342050 4 40 theme pseudo-second-order 867:885 arg1 model 887:891 a pseudo-second-order model 865:891 a pseudo-second-order model 865:891 The composites were tested as adsorbents for tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and Pb(II), and were investigated using a pseudo-second-order model. 24342050 1 41 dep nanoparticles 211:223 arg1 denoted 226:232 denoted 226:232 denoted as MNP 226:239 Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) coated with magnetic amino-modified CoFe2O4 (CoFe2O4-NH2) nanoparticles (denoted as MNP) were prepared via a simple one-pot polyol method. 24342050 3 42 theme FT-IR 564:568 arg1 Analysis 571:578 Infrared Spectrogram (FT-IR) Analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy 542:615 Analysis 571:578 The obtained hybrid materials were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrogram (FT-IR) Analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Analysis, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area method, respectively. 24342050 3 42 theme FT-IR 564:568 arg1 Analysis 669:676 Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis 633:676 Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis 633:676 The obtained hybrid materials were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrogram (FT-IR) Analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Analysis, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area method, respectively. 24342050 3 42 theme FT-IR 564:568 arg1 XPS 618:620 XPS 618:620 XPS 618:620 The obtained hybrid materials were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrogram (FT-IR) Analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Analysis, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area method, respectively. 24342050 7 43 theme Magnetic 1166:1173 arg1 particles 1185:1193 Magnetic composite particles 1166:1193 Magnetic composite particles with adsorbed TBBPA and Pb(II) 1166:1224 Magnetic composite particles with adsorbed TBBPA and Pb(II) could be regenerated using 0.2M NaOH solution and were separable from liquid media using a magnetic field. 24342050 3 44 theme Magnetometer 650:661 arg1 Analysis 669:676 Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis 633:676 Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis 633:676 The obtained hybrid materials were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrogram (FT-IR) Analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Analysis, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area method, respectively. 24342050 3 44 theme Magnetometer 650:661 arg1 Analysis 571:578 Infrared Spectrogram (FT-IR) Analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy 542:615 Analysis 571:578 The obtained hybrid materials were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrogram (FT-IR) Analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Analysis, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area method, respectively. 24342050 4 45 theme tetrabromobisphenol 795:813 arg1 TBBPA 818:822 TBBPA 818:822 TBBPA 818:822 The composites were tested as adsorbents for tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and Pb(II), and were investigated using a pseudo-second-order model. 24342050 4 45 theme tetrabromobisphenol 795:813 arg1 A 815:815 tetrabromobisphenol A 795:815 tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) 795:823 The composites were tested as adsorbents for tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and Pb(II), and were investigated using a pseudo-second-order model. 24342050 7 46 theme composite 1175:1183 arg1 particles 1185:1193 Magnetic composite particles 1166:1193 Magnetic composite particles with adsorbed TBBPA and Pb(II) 1166:1224 Magnetic composite particles with adsorbed TBBPA and Pb(II) could be regenerated using 0.2M NaOH solution and were separable from liquid media using a magnetic field. 24342050 6 47 theme 140.1mgg 1105:1112 arg1 capacities 1081:1090 maximum adsorption capacities 1062:1090 maximum adsorption capacities of 42.48 and 140.1mgg(-1), respectively 1062:1130 MNP-CTS adsorbed both TBBPA and Pb(II) (maximum adsorption capacities of 42.48 and 140.1mgg(-1), respectively) better than did MNP without CTS. 24342050 6 48 dep Pb 1054:1055 arg1 capacities 1081:1090 maximum adsorption capacities 1062:1090 maximum adsorption capacities of 42.48 and 140.1mgg(-1), respectively 1062:1130 MNP-CTS adsorbed both TBBPA and Pb(II) (maximum adsorption capacities of 42.48 and 140.1mgg(-1), respectively) better than did MNP without CTS. 24342050 1 49 theme Multi-walled 114:125 arg1 MWCNTs 145:150 MWCNTs 145:150 MWCNTs 145:150 Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) coated with magnetic amino-modified CoFe2O4 (CoFe2O4-NH2) nanoparticles (denoted as MNP) were prepared via a simple one-pot polyol method. 24342050 1 49 theme Multi-walled 114:125 arg1 nanotubes 134:142 Multi-walled carbon nanotubes 114:142 Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) coated with magnetic amino-modified CoFe2O4 (CoFe2O4-NH2) nanoparticles (denoted as MNP) 114:240 Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) coated with magnetic amino-modified CoFe2O4 (CoFe2O4-NH2) nanoparticles (denoted as MNP) were prepared via a simple one-pot polyol method. 24342050 3 50 theme Vibrating 633:641 arg1 Analysis 669:676 Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis 633:676 Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis 633:676 The obtained hybrid materials were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrogram (FT-IR) Analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Analysis, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area method, respectively. 24342050 3 50 theme Vibrating 633:641 arg1 Analysis 571:578 Infrared Spectrogram (FT-IR) Analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy 542:615 Analysis 571:578 The obtained hybrid materials were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrogram (FT-IR) Analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Analysis, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area method, respectively. 24342050 1 51 theme carbon 127:132 arg1 MWCNTs 145:150 MWCNTs 145:150 MWCNTs 145:150 Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) coated with magnetic amino-modified CoFe2O4 (CoFe2O4-NH2) nanoparticles (denoted as MNP) were prepared via a simple one-pot polyol method. 24342050 1 51 theme carbon 127:132 arg1 nanotubes 134:142 Multi-walled carbon nanotubes 114:142 Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) coated with magnetic amino-modified CoFe2O4 (CoFe2O4-NH2) nanoparticles (denoted as MNP) 114:240 Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) coated with magnetic amino-modified CoFe2O4 (CoFe2O4-NH2) nanoparticles (denoted as MNP) were prepared via a simple one-pot polyol method. 24342050 6 52 dep did 1145:1147 arg1 than 1140:1143 than 1140:1143 than 1140:1143 MNP-CTS adsorbed both TBBPA and Pb(II) (maximum adsorption capacities of 42.48 and 140.1mgg(-1), respectively) better than did MNP without CTS. 24342050 6 52 dep did 1145:1147 arg1 CTS 1161:1163 CTS 1161:1163 CTS 1161:1163 MNP-CTS adsorbed both TBBPA and Pb(II) (maximum adsorption capacities of 42.48 and 140.1mgg(-1), respectively) better than did MNP without CTS. 24342050 3 53 theme Sample 643:648 arg1 Analysis 669:676 Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis 633:676 Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis 633:676 The obtained hybrid materials were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrogram (FT-IR) Analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Analysis, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area method, respectively. 24342050 3 53 theme Sample 643:648 arg1 Analysis 571:578 Infrared Spectrogram (FT-IR) Analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy 542:615 Analysis 571:578 The obtained hybrid materials were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrogram (FT-IR) Analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Analysis, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area method, respectively. 24342050 3 54 theme X-ray 584:588 arg1 Spectroscopy 604:615 Infrared Spectrogram (FT-IR) Analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy 542:615 Spectroscopy 604:615 The obtained hybrid materials were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrogram (FT-IR) Analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Analysis, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area method, respectively. 24342050 1 55 theme CoFe2O4 189:195 arg1 nanoparticles 211:223 magnetic amino-modified CoFe2O4 (CoFe2O4-NH2) nanoparticles 165:223 magnetic amino-modified CoFe2O4 (CoFe2O4-NH2) nanoparticles (denoted as MNP) 165:240 Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) coated with magnetic amino-modified CoFe2O4 (CoFe2O4-NH2) nanoparticles (denoted as MNP) were prepared via a simple one-pot polyol method. 24342050 7 56 theme adsorbed 1200:1207 arg1 TBBPA 1209:1213 adsorbed TBBPA 1200:1213 adsorbed TBBPA 1200:1213 Magnetic composite particles with adsorbed TBBPA and Pb(II) could be regenerated using 0.2M NaOH solution and were separable from liquid media using a magnetic field. 24342050 3 57 theme Photoelectron 590:602 arg1 Spectroscopy 604:615 Infrared Spectrogram (FT-IR) Analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy 542:615 Spectroscopy 604:615 The obtained hybrid materials were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrogram (FT-IR) Analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Analysis, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area method, respectively. 24342050 2 58 mod modified 322:329 arg3 CTS 346:348 CTS 346:348 CTS 346:348 The MNP composite was further modified with chitosan (CTS) to obtain a chitosan-functionalized MWCNT/CoFe2O4-NH2 hybrid material (MNP-CTS). 24342050 2 58 mod modified 322:329 arg1 composite 300:308 The MNP composite 292:308 The MNP composite 292:308 The MNP composite was further modified with chitosan (CTS) to obtain a chitosan-functionalized MWCNT/CoFe2O4-NH2 hybrid material (MNP-CTS). 24342050 2 58 mod modified 322:329 arg3 chitosan 336:343 chitosan 336:343 chitosan (CTS) 336:349 The MNP composite was further modified with chitosan (CTS) to obtain a chitosan-functionalized MWCNT/CoFe2O4-NH2 hybrid material (MNP-CTS). 25952165 5 0 theme scaffolds 669:677 arg1 composition 650:660 The phase composition 640:660 The phase composition of the scaffolds 640:677 The phase composition of the scaffolds was shown by XRD, which also indicated a decrease in crystallinity with the introduction of nanoclay. 25952165 1 1 theme leaching 250:257 arg1 method 259:264 solvent casting and particulate leaching method 218:264 method 259:264 A new type of hybrid three-dimensional scaffolds was prepared using poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) and chitosan-modified montmorillonite by solvent casting and particulate leaching method. 25952165 6 2 theme physiological 840:852 arg1 conditions 854:863 simulated physiological conditions 830:863 simulated physiological conditions 830:863 Biodegradability studies which were conducted in simulated physiological conditions over a period of four weeks revealed that the PCL-based scaffolds degraded by hydrolysis at a slow rate. 25952165 3 3 theme interconnected 551:564 arg1 pores 566:570 highly interconnected pores 544:570 highly interconnected pores 544:570 The resulting scaffolds displayed high porosity with highly interconnected pores. 25952165 2 4 theme scanning 303:310 arg1 microscopy 321:330 scanning electron microscopy 303:330 scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic mechanical analysis to study the structural and mechanical properties 303:488 The scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic mechanical analysis to study the structural and mechanical properties. 25952165 7 5 with slow 1008:1011 arg1 scaffolds 1039:1047 the composite-based scaffolds 1019:1047 the composite-based scaffolds recording a faster rate than the neat polymer-based scaffold 1019:1108 The overall bioresorbability was also slow, with the composite-based scaffolds recording a faster rate than the neat polymer-based scaffold. 25952165 3 6 with porosity 530:537 arg1 pores 566:570 highly interconnected pores 544:570 highly interconnected pores 544:570 The resulting scaffolds displayed high porosity with highly interconnected pores. 25952165 6 7 theme simulated 830:838 arg1 conditions 854:863 simulated physiological conditions 830:863 simulated physiological conditions 830:863 Biodegradability studies which were conducted in simulated physiological conditions over a period of four weeks revealed that the PCL-based scaffolds degraded by hydrolysis at a slow rate. 25952165 5 8 theme phase 644:648 arg1 composition 650:660 The phase composition 640:660 The phase composition of the scaffolds 640:677 The phase composition of the scaffolds was shown by XRD, which also indicated a decrease in crystallinity with the introduction of nanoclay. 25952165 4 9 theme elemental 600:608 arg1 composition 610:620 the elemental composition 596:620 the elemental composition of the scaffolds 596:637 EDS analysis confirmed the elemental composition of the scaffolds. 25952165 7 10 theme overall 974:980 arg1 bioresorbability 982:997 The overall bioresorbability 970:997 The overall bioresorbability 970:997 The overall bioresorbability was also slow, with the composite-based scaffolds recording a faster rate than the neat polymer-based scaffold. 25952165 7 10 theme overall 974:980 arg1 slow 1008:1011 slow 1008:1011 slow 1008:1011 The overall bioresorbability was also slow, with the composite-based scaffolds recording a faster rate than the neat polymer-based scaffold. 25952165 1 11 theme new 84:86 arg1 type 88:91 A new type 82:91 A new type of hybrid three-dimensional scaffolds 82:129 A new type of hybrid three-dimensional scaffolds was prepared using poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) and chitosan-modified montmorillonite by solvent casting and particulate leaching method. 25952165 4 12 theme EDS 573:575 arg1 analysis 577:584 EDS analysis 573:584 EDS analysis 573:584 EDS analysis confirmed the elemental composition of the scaffolds. 25952165 2 13 theme X-ray 383:387 arg1 XRD 402:404 XRD 402:404 XRD 402:404 The scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic mechanical analysis to study the structural and mechanical properties. 25952165 2 13 theme X-ray 383:387 arg1 diffraction 389:399 X-ray diffraction 383:399 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 383:405 The scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic mechanical analysis to study the structural and mechanical properties. 25952165 2 14 theme electron 312:319 arg1 microscopy 321:330 scanning electron microscopy 303:330 scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic mechanical analysis to study the structural and mechanical properties 303:488 The scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic mechanical analysis to study the structural and mechanical properties. 25952165 2 15 theme dynamic 412:418 arg1 analysis 431:438 dynamic mechanical analysis 412:438 dynamic mechanical analysis 412:438 The scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic mechanical analysis to study the structural and mechanical properties. 25952165 2 16 theme mechanical 420:429 arg1 analysis 431:438 dynamic mechanical analysis 412:438 dynamic mechanical analysis 412:438 The scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic mechanical analysis to study the structural and mechanical properties. 25952165 1 17 theme hybrid 96:101 arg1 scaffolds 121:129 hybrid three-dimensional scaffolds 96:129 hybrid three-dimensional scaffolds 96:129 A new type of hybrid three-dimensional scaffolds was prepared using poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) and chitosan-modified montmorillonite by solvent casting and particulate leaching method. 25952165 1 18 theme chitosan-modified 181:197 arg1 montmorillonite 199:213 chitosan-modified montmorillonite 181:213 chitosan-modified montmorillonite by solvent casting and particulate leaching method 181:264 A new type of hybrid three-dimensional scaffolds was prepared using poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) and chitosan-modified montmorillonite by solvent casting and particulate leaching method. 25952165 2 19 theme mechanical 468:477 arg1 properties 479:488 the structural and mechanical properties 449:488 the structural and mechanical properties 449:488 The scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic mechanical analysis to study the structural and mechanical properties. 25952165 1 20 theme scaffolds 121:129 arg1 type 88:91 A new type 82:91 A new type of hybrid three-dimensional scaffolds 82:129 A new type of hybrid three-dimensional scaffolds was prepared using poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) and chitosan-modified montmorillonite by solvent casting and particulate leaching method. 25952165 7 21 theme neat 1082:1085 arg1 scaffold 1101:1108 the neat polymer-based scaffold 1078:1108 the neat polymer-based scaffold 1078:1108 The overall bioresorbability was also slow, with the composite-based scaffolds recording a faster rate than the neat polymer-based scaffold. 25952165 0 22 theme poly 36:39 arg1 bioresorption 19:31 bioresorption 19:31 bioresorption 19:31 Biodegradation and bioresorption of poly(ɛ-caprolactone) nanocomposite scaffolds. 25952165 0 22 theme poly 36:39 arg1 Biodegradation 0:13 Biodegradation 0:13 Biodegradation 0:13 Biodegradation and bioresorption of poly(ɛ-caprolactone) nanocomposite scaffolds. 25952165 7 23 theme polymer-based 1087:1099 arg1 scaffold 1101:1108 the neat polymer-based scaffold 1078:1108 the neat polymer-based scaffold 1078:1108 The overall bioresorbability was also slow, with the composite-based scaffolds recording a faster rate than the neat polymer-based scaffold. 25952165 6 24 theme weeks 887:891 arg1 period 872:877 a period 870:877 a period of four weeks 870:891 Biodegradability studies which were conducted in simulated physiological conditions over a period of four weeks revealed that the PCL-based scaffolds degraded by hydrolysis at a slow rate. 25952165 5 25 from decrease 720:727 arg1 crystallinity 732:744 crystallinity 732:744 crystallinity 732:744 The phase composition of the scaffolds was shown by XRD, which also indicated a decrease in crystallinity with the introduction of nanoclay. 25952165 2 26 theme structural 453:462 arg1 properties 479:488 the structural and mechanical properties 449:488 the structural and mechanical properties 449:488 The scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic mechanical analysis to study the structural and mechanical properties. 25952165 1 27 theme three-dimensional 103:119 arg1 scaffolds 121:129 hybrid three-dimensional scaffolds 96:129 hybrid three-dimensional scaffolds 96:129 A new type of hybrid three-dimensional scaffolds was prepared using poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) and chitosan-modified montmorillonite by solvent casting and particulate leaching method. 25952165 7 28 theme composite-based 1023:1037 arg1 scaffolds 1039:1047 the composite-based scaffolds 1019:1047 the composite-based scaffolds recording a faster rate than the neat polymer-based scaffold 1019:1108 The overall bioresorbability was also slow, with the composite-based scaffolds recording a faster rate than the neat polymer-based scaffold. 25952165 3 29 theme resulting 495:503 arg1 scaffolds 505:513 The resulting scaffolds 491:513 The resulting scaffolds 491:513 The resulting scaffolds displayed high porosity with highly interconnected pores. 25952165 6 30 theme slow 959:962 arg1 rate 964:967 a slow rate 957:967 a slow rate 957:967 Biodegradability studies which were conducted in simulated physiological conditions over a period of four weeks revealed that the PCL-based scaffolds degraded by hydrolysis at a slow rate. 25952165 7 31 theme faster 1061:1066 arg1 rate 1068:1071 a faster rate 1059:1071 a faster rate than the neat polymer-based scaffold 1059:1108 The overall bioresorbability was also slow, with the composite-based scaffolds recording a faster rate than the neat polymer-based scaffold. 25952165 2 32 theme energy 345:350 arg1 EDS 377:379 EDS 377:379 EDS 377:379 The scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic mechanical analysis to study the structural and mechanical properties. 25952165 2 32 theme energy 345:350 arg1 spectroscopy 363:374 energy dispersive spectroscopy 345:374 energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) 345:380 The scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic mechanical analysis to study the structural and mechanical properties. 25952165 1 33 theme solvent 218:224 arg1 casting 226:232 solvent casting and particulate leaching method 218:264 casting 226:232 A new type of hybrid three-dimensional scaffolds was prepared using poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) and chitosan-modified montmorillonite by solvent casting and particulate leaching method. 25952165 6 34 theme Biodegradability 781:796 arg1 studies 798:804 Biodegradability studies 781:804 Biodegradability studies which were conducted in simulated physiological conditions over a period of four weeks 781:891 Biodegradability studies which were conducted in simulated physiological conditions over a period of four weeks revealed that the PCL-based scaffolds degraded by hydrolysis at a slow rate. 25952165 2 35 theme dispersive 352:361 arg1 EDS 377:379 EDS 377:379 EDS 377:379 The scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic mechanical analysis to study the structural and mechanical properties. 25952165 2 35 theme dispersive 352:361 arg1 spectroscopy 363:374 energy dispersive spectroscopy 345:374 energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) 345:380 The scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic mechanical analysis to study the structural and mechanical properties. 25952165 3 36 theme high 525:528 arg1 porosity 530:537 high porosity 525:537 high porosity with highly interconnected pores 525:570 The resulting scaffolds displayed high porosity with highly interconnected pores. 25952165 5 37 theme nanoclay 771:778 arg1 introduction 755:766 the introduction 751:766 the introduction of nanoclay 751:778 The phase composition of the scaffolds was shown by XRD, which also indicated a decrease in crystallinity with the introduction of nanoclay. 25952165 6 38 dep scaffolds 921:929 arg1 degraded 931:938 degraded 931:938 scaffolds degraded by hydrolysis at a slow rate 921:967 Biodegradability studies which were conducted in simulated physiological conditions over a period of four weeks revealed that the PCL-based scaffolds degraded by hydrolysis at a slow rate. 25952165 4 39 theme scaffolds 629:637 arg1 composition 610:620 the elemental composition 596:620 the elemental composition of the scaffolds 596:637 EDS analysis confirmed the elemental composition of the scaffolds. 25952165 1 40 theme particulate 238:248 arg1 method 259:264 solvent casting and particulate leaching method 218:264 method 259:264 A new type of hybrid three-dimensional scaffolds was prepared using poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) and chitosan-modified montmorillonite by solvent casting and particulate leaching method. 24681154 0 0 theme direct 80:85 arg1 electrochemistry 87:102 direct electrochemistry 80:102 direct electrochemistry 80:102 Carbon nanodots-chitosan composite film: a platform for protein immobilization, direct electrochemistry and bioelectrocatalysis. 24681154 6 1 theme 3 1172:1172 arg1 ratio 1163:1167 the signal-to-noise ratio 1143:1167 the signal-to-noise ratio of 3 1143:1172 The linear current response for H2O2 was from 1×10(-6) to 1.18×10(-4)M with a detection limit of 0.27(±0.02)μM at the signal-to-noise ratio of 3, and the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant was 0.067(±0.02)mM. 24681154 1 2 theme carbon 161:166 arg1 CNDs 178:181 CNDs 178:181 CNDs 178:181 A novel composite film based on carbon nanodots (CNDs) and chitosan was readily prepared and used as immobilization matrix to entrap a heme protein, hemoglobin (Hb) for direct electrochemistry and bioelectrocatalysis. 24681154 1 2 theme carbon 161:166 arg1 nanodots 168:175 carbon nanodots 161:175 carbon nanodots (CNDs) 161:182 A novel composite film based on carbon nanodots (CNDs) and chitosan was readily prepared and used as immobilization matrix to entrap a heme protein, hemoglobin (Hb) for direct electrochemistry and bioelectrocatalysis. 24681154 7 3 theme film 1280:1283 arg1 platform 1316:1323 a promising platform 1304:1323 a promising platform for elaborating bioelectrochemical devices such as biosensors and biofuel cells 1304:1403 These important features of CNDs-chitosan film have implied to be a promising platform for elaborating bioelectrochemical devices such as biosensors and biofuel cells. 24681154 7 3 theme film 1280:1283 arg1 features 1254:1261 These important features 1238:1261 These important features of CNDs-chitosan film 1238:1283 These important features of CNDs-chitosan film have implied to be a promising platform for elaborating bioelectrochemical devices such as biosensors and biofuel cells. 24681154 3 4 theme GC 665:666 arg1 electrode 668:676 the GC electrode 661:676 the GC electrode 661:676 Spectroscopic and electrochemical studies showed that Hb entrapped in the composite film remained in its native structures, and CNDs in the film can greatly facilitate DET between the protein and the GC electrode. 24681154 6 5 theme linear 1033:1038 arg1 response 1048:1055 The linear current response 1029:1055 The linear current response for H2O2 1029:1064 The linear current response for H2O2 was from 1×10(-6) to 1.18×10(-4)M with a detection limit of 0.27(±0.02)μM at the signal-to-noise ratio of 3, and the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant was 0.067(±0.02)mM. 24681154 6 6 theme detection 1107:1115 arg1 limit 1117:1121 a detection limit 1105:1121 a detection limit of 0.27(±0.02)μM at the signal-to-noise ratio of 3 1105:1172 The linear current response for H2O2 was from 1×10(-6) to 1.18×10(-4)M with a detection limit of 0.27(±0.02)μM at the signal-to-noise ratio of 3, and the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant was 0.067(±0.02)mM. 24681154 6 7 theme current 1040:1046 arg1 response 1048:1055 The linear current response 1029:1055 The linear current response for H2O2 1029:1064 The linear current response for H2O2 was from 1×10(-6) to 1.18×10(-4)M with a detection limit of 0.27(±0.02)μM at the signal-to-noise ratio of 3, and the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant was 0.067(±0.02)mM. 24681154 7 8 theme bioelectrochemical 1341:1358 arg1 devices 1360:1366 bioelectrochemical devices 1341:1366 bioelectrochemical devices such as biosensors and biofuel cells 1341:1403 These important features of CNDs-chitosan film have implied to be a promising platform for elaborating bioelectrochemical devices such as biosensors and biofuel cells. 24681154 7 8 theme bioelectrochemical 1341:1358 arg1 biosensors 1376:1385 biosensors 1376:1385 biosensors 1376:1385 These important features of CNDs-chitosan film have implied to be a promising platform for elaborating bioelectrochemical devices such as biosensors and biofuel cells. 24681154 7 8 theme bioelectrochemical 1341:1358 arg1 cells 1399:1403 biofuel cells 1391:1403 biofuel cells 1391:1403 These important features of CNDs-chitosan film have implied to be a promising platform for elaborating bioelectrochemical devices such as biosensors and biofuel cells. 24681154 6 9 theme signal-to-noise 1147:1161 arg1 ratio 1163:1167 the signal-to-noise ratio 1143:1167 the signal-to-noise ratio of 3 1143:1172 The linear current response for H2O2 was from 1×10(-6) to 1.18×10(-4)M with a detection limit of 0.27(±0.02)μM at the signal-to-noise ratio of 3, and the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant was 0.067(±0.02)mM. 24681154 3 10 theme composite 539:547 arg1 film 549:552 the composite film 535:552 the composite film 535:552 Spectroscopic and electrochemical studies showed that Hb entrapped in the composite film remained in its native structures, and CNDs in the film can greatly facilitate DET between the protein and the GC electrode. 24681154 7 11 theme CNDs-chitosan 1266:1278 arg1 film 1280:1283 CNDs-chitosan film 1266:1283 CNDs-chitosan film 1266:1283 These important features of CNDs-chitosan film have implied to be a promising platform for elaborating bioelectrochemical devices such as biosensors and biofuel cells. 24681154 4 12 theme Hb 713:714 arg1 kinetics 701:708 The electron-transfer kinetics 679:708 The electron-transfer kinetics of Hb in composite film 679:732 The electron-transfer kinetics of Hb in composite film was qualitatively evaluated by using the Marcus theory, and the apparent heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant (ks) was estimated to be 2.39(±0.03)s(-1) with Laviron equations. 24681154 4 13 theme Laviron 900:906 arg1 equations 908:916 Laviron equations 900:916 Laviron equations 900:916 The electron-transfer kinetics of Hb in composite film was qualitatively evaluated by using the Marcus theory, and the apparent heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant (ks) was estimated to be 2.39(±0.03)s(-1) with Laviron equations. 24681154 4 14 theme rate 839:842 arg1 constant 844:851 the apparent heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant 794:851 the apparent heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant (ks) 794:856 The electron-transfer kinetics of Hb in composite film was qualitatively evaluated by using the Marcus theory, and the apparent heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant (ks) was estimated to be 2.39(±0.03)s(-1) with Laviron equations. 24681154 4 14 theme rate 839:842 arg1 s 889:889 2.39(±0.03)s 878:889 2.39(±0.03)s(-1) 878:893 The electron-transfer kinetics of Hb in composite film was qualitatively evaluated by using the Marcus theory, and the apparent heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant (ks) was estimated to be 2.39(±0.03)s(-1) with Laviron equations. 24681154 4 14 theme rate 839:842 arg1 ks 854:855 ks 854:855 ks 854:855 The electron-transfer kinetics of Hb in composite film was qualitatively evaluated by using the Marcus theory, and the apparent heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant (ks) was estimated to be 2.39(±0.03)s(-1) with Laviron equations. 24681154 4 15 with s 889:889 arg1 equations 908:916 Laviron equations 900:916 Laviron equations 900:916 The electron-transfer kinetics of Hb in composite film was qualitatively evaluated by using the Marcus theory, and the apparent heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant (ks) was estimated to be 2.39(±0.03)s(-1) with Laviron equations. 24681154 4 16 theme electron-transfer 821:837 arg1 constant 844:851 the apparent heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant 794:851 the apparent heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant (ks) 794:856 The electron-transfer kinetics of Hb in composite film was qualitatively evaluated by using the Marcus theory, and the apparent heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant (ks) was estimated to be 2.39(±0.03)s(-1) with Laviron equations. 24681154 4 16 theme electron-transfer 821:837 arg1 s 889:889 2.39(±0.03)s 878:889 2.39(±0.03)s(-1) 878:893 The electron-transfer kinetics of Hb in composite film was qualitatively evaluated by using the Marcus theory, and the apparent heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant (ks) was estimated to be 2.39(±0.03)s(-1) with Laviron equations. 24681154 4 16 theme electron-transfer 821:837 arg1 ks 854:855 ks 854:855 ks 854:855 The electron-transfer kinetics of Hb in composite film was qualitatively evaluated by using the Marcus theory, and the apparent heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant (ks) was estimated to be 2.39(±0.03)s(-1) with Laviron equations. 24681154 2 17 theme GC 442:443 arg1 surface 456:462 the glassy carbon (GC) electrode surface 423:462 the glassy carbon (GC) electrode surface 423:462 A modified electrode was obtained by casting Hb-CNDs-chitosan composites on the glassy carbon (GC) electrode surface. 24681154 0 18 theme nanodots-chitosan 7:23 arg1 film 35:38 Carbon nanodots-chitosan composite film 0:38 Carbon nanodots-chitosan composite film: a platform for protein immobilization, direct electrochemistry and bioelectrocatalysis. 0:127 Carbon nanodots-chitosan composite film: a platform for protein immobilization, direct electrochemistry and bioelectrocatalysis. 24681154 7 19 theme promising 1306:1314 arg1 platform 1316:1323 a promising platform 1304:1323 a promising platform for elaborating bioelectrochemical devices such as biosensors and biofuel cells 1304:1403 These important features of CNDs-chitosan film have implied to be a promising platform for elaborating bioelectrochemical devices such as biosensors and biofuel cells. 24681154 7 19 theme promising 1306:1314 arg1 features 1254:1261 These important features 1238:1261 These important features of CNDs-chitosan film 1238:1283 These important features of CNDs-chitosan film have implied to be a promising platform for elaborating bioelectrochemical devices such as biosensors and biofuel cells. 24681154 4 20 theme composite 719:727 arg1 film 729:732 composite film 719:732 composite film 719:732 The electron-transfer kinetics of Hb in composite film was qualitatively evaluated by using the Marcus theory, and the apparent heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant (ks) was estimated to be 2.39(±0.03)s(-1) with Laviron equations. 24681154 0 21 theme Carbon 0:5 arg1 film 35:38 Carbon nanodots-chitosan composite film 0:38 Carbon nanodots-chitosan composite film: a platform for protein immobilization, direct electrochemistry and bioelectrocatalysis. 0:127 Carbon nanodots-chitosan composite film: a platform for protein immobilization, direct electrochemistry and bioelectrocatalysis. 24681154 1 22 theme heme 264:267 arg1 hemoglobin 278:287 hemoglobin 278:287 hemoglobin (Hb) 278:292 A novel composite film based on carbon nanodots (CNDs) and chitosan was readily prepared and used as immobilization matrix to entrap a heme protein, hemoglobin (Hb) for direct electrochemistry and bioelectrocatalysis. 24681154 1 22 theme heme 264:267 arg1 protein 269:275 a heme protein 262:275 a heme protein 262:275 A novel composite film based on carbon nanodots (CNDs) and chitosan was readily prepared and used as immobilization matrix to entrap a heme protein, hemoglobin (Hb) for direct electrochemistry and bioelectrocatalysis. 24681154 3 23 theme native 570:575 arg1 structures 577:586 its native structures 566:586 its native structures 566:586 Spectroscopic and electrochemical studies showed that Hb entrapped in the composite film remained in its native structures, and CNDs in the film can greatly facilitate DET between the protein and the GC electrode. 24681154 2 24 theme carbon 434:439 arg1 surface 456:462 the glassy carbon (GC) electrode surface 423:462 the glassy carbon (GC) electrode surface 423:462 A modified electrode was obtained by casting Hb-CNDs-chitosan composites on the glassy carbon (GC) electrode surface. 24681154 6 25 dep 1×10 1075:1078 arg1 M 1098:1098 1.18×10(-4)M 1087:1098 1×10(-6) to 1.18×10(-4)M 1075:1098 The linear current response for H2O2 was from 1×10(-6) to 1.18×10(-4)M with a detection limit of 0.27(±0.02)μM at the signal-to-noise ratio of 3, and the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant was 0.067(±0.02)mM. 24681154 6 25 dep 1×10 1075:1078 arg1 to 1084:1085 to 1084:1085 to 1084:1085 The linear current response for H2O2 was from 1×10(-6) to 1.18×10(-4)M with a detection limit of 0.27(±0.02)μM at the signal-to-noise ratio of 3, and the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant was 0.067(±0.02)mM. 24681154 2 26 theme glassy 427:432 arg1 surface 456:462 the glassy carbon (GC) electrode surface 423:462 the glassy carbon (GC) electrode surface 423:462 A modified electrode was obtained by casting Hb-CNDs-chitosan composites on the glassy carbon (GC) electrode surface. 24681154 4 27 theme electron-transfer 683:699 arg1 kinetics 701:708 The electron-transfer kinetics 679:708 The electron-transfer kinetics of Hb in composite film 679:732 The electron-transfer kinetics of Hb in composite film was qualitatively evaluated by using the Marcus theory, and the apparent heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant (ks) was estimated to be 2.39(±0.03)s(-1) with Laviron equations. 24681154 6 28 theme Michaelis-Menten 1192:1207 arg1 constant 1209:1216 the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant 1179:1216 the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant 1179:1216 The linear current response for H2O2 was from 1×10(-6) to 1.18×10(-4)M with a detection limit of 0.27(±0.02)μM at the signal-to-noise ratio of 3, and the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant was 0.067(±0.02)mM. 24681154 6 28 theme Michaelis-Menten 1192:1207 arg1 mM 1234:1235 0.067(±0.02)mM 1222:1235 0.067(±0.02)mM 1222:1235 The linear current response for H2O2 was from 1×10(-6) to 1.18×10(-4)M with a detection limit of 0.27(±0.02)μM at the signal-to-noise ratio of 3, and the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant was 0.067(±0.02)mM. 24681154 3 29 from CNDs 593:596 arg1 film 605:608 the film 601:608 the film 601:608 Spectroscopic and electrochemical studies showed that Hb entrapped in the composite film remained in its native structures, and CNDs in the film can greatly facilitate DET between the protein and the GC electrode. 24681154 6 30 theme μM 1137:1138 arg1 limit 1117:1121 a detection limit 1105:1121 a detection limit of 0.27(±0.02)μM at the signal-to-noise ratio of 3 1105:1172 The linear current response for H2O2 was from 1×10(-6) to 1.18×10(-4)M with a detection limit of 0.27(±0.02)μM at the signal-to-noise ratio of 3, and the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant was 0.067(±0.02)mM. 24681154 6 31 theme apparent 1183:1190 arg1 constant 1209:1216 the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant 1179:1216 the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant 1179:1216 The linear current response for H2O2 was from 1×10(-6) to 1.18×10(-4)M with a detection limit of 0.27(±0.02)μM at the signal-to-noise ratio of 3, and the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant was 0.067(±0.02)mM. 24681154 6 31 theme apparent 1183:1190 arg1 mM 1234:1235 0.067(±0.02)mM 1222:1235 0.067(±0.02)mM 1222:1235 The linear current response for H2O2 was from 1×10(-6) to 1.18×10(-4)M with a detection limit of 0.27(±0.02)μM at the signal-to-noise ratio of 3, and the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant was 0.067(±0.02)mM. 24681154 7 32 theme important 1244:1252 arg1 platform 1316:1323 a promising platform 1304:1323 a promising platform for elaborating bioelectrochemical devices such as biosensors and biofuel cells 1304:1403 These important features of CNDs-chitosan film have implied to be a promising platform for elaborating bioelectrochemical devices such as biosensors and biofuel cells. 24681154 7 32 theme important 1244:1252 arg1 features 1254:1261 These important features 1238:1261 These important features of CNDs-chitosan film 1238:1283 These important features of CNDs-chitosan film have implied to be a promising platform for elaborating bioelectrochemical devices such as biosensors and biofuel cells. 24681154 2 33 theme Hb-CNDs-chitosan 392:407 arg1 composites 409:418 Hb-CNDs-chitosan composites 392:418 Hb-CNDs-chitosan composites 392:418 A modified electrode was obtained by casting Hb-CNDs-chitosan composites on the glassy carbon (GC) electrode surface. 24681154 2 34 theme electrode 446:454 arg1 surface 456:462 the glassy carbon (GC) electrode surface 423:462 the glassy carbon (GC) electrode surface 423:462 A modified electrode was obtained by casting Hb-CNDs-chitosan composites on the glassy carbon (GC) electrode surface. 24681154 5 35 theme hydrogen 1003:1010 arg1 peroxide 1012:1019 hydrogen peroxide 1003:1019 hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) 1003:1026 The modified electrode showed excellent electrocatalytic behavior to the substrate, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). 24681154 5 35 theme hydrogen 1003:1010 arg1 H2O2 1022:1025 H2O2 1022:1025 H2O2 1022:1025 The modified electrode showed excellent electrocatalytic behavior to the substrate, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). 24681154 5 35 theme hydrogen 1003:1010 arg1 substrate 992:1000 the substrate 988:1000 the substrate 988:1000 The modified electrode showed excellent electrocatalytic behavior to the substrate, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). 24681154 4 36 theme heterogeneous 807:819 arg1 constant 844:851 the apparent heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant 794:851 the apparent heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant (ks) 794:856 The electron-transfer kinetics of Hb in composite film was qualitatively evaluated by using the Marcus theory, and the apparent heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant (ks) was estimated to be 2.39(±0.03)s(-1) with Laviron equations. 24681154 4 36 theme heterogeneous 807:819 arg1 s 889:889 2.39(±0.03)s 878:889 2.39(±0.03)s(-1) 878:893 The electron-transfer kinetics of Hb in composite film was qualitatively evaluated by using the Marcus theory, and the apparent heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant (ks) was estimated to be 2.39(±0.03)s(-1) with Laviron equations. 24681154 4 36 theme heterogeneous 807:819 arg1 ks 854:855 ks 854:855 ks 854:855 The electron-transfer kinetics of Hb in composite film was qualitatively evaluated by using the Marcus theory, and the apparent heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant (ks) was estimated to be 2.39(±0.03)s(-1) with Laviron equations. 24681154 3 37 theme electrochemical 483:497 arg1 studies 499:505 Spectroscopic and electrochemical studies 465:505 Spectroscopic and electrochemical studies 465:505 Spectroscopic and electrochemical studies showed that Hb entrapped in the composite film remained in its native structures, and CNDs in the film can greatly facilitate DET between the protein and the GC electrode. 24681154 4 38 theme apparent 798:805 arg1 constant 844:851 the apparent heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant 794:851 the apparent heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant (ks) 794:856 The electron-transfer kinetics of Hb in composite film was qualitatively evaluated by using the Marcus theory, and the apparent heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant (ks) was estimated to be 2.39(±0.03)s(-1) with Laviron equations. 24681154 4 38 theme apparent 798:805 arg1 s 889:889 2.39(±0.03)s 878:889 2.39(±0.03)s(-1) 878:893 The electron-transfer kinetics of Hb in composite film was qualitatively evaluated by using the Marcus theory, and the apparent heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant (ks) was estimated to be 2.39(±0.03)s(-1) with Laviron equations. 24681154 4 38 theme apparent 798:805 arg1 ks 854:855 ks 854:855 ks 854:855 The electron-transfer kinetics of Hb in composite film was qualitatively evaluated by using the Marcus theory, and the apparent heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant (ks) was estimated to be 2.39(±0.03)s(-1) with Laviron equations. 24681154 1 39 theme novel 131:135 arg1 film 147:150 A novel composite film 129:150 A novel composite film based on carbon nanodots (CNDs) and chitosan 129:195 A novel composite film based on carbon nanodots (CNDs) and chitosan was readily prepared and used as immobilization matrix to entrap a heme protein, hemoglobin (Hb) for direct electrochemistry and bioelectrocatalysis. 24681154 1 39 theme novel 131:135 arg1 matrix 245:250 immobilization matrix 230:250 immobilization matrix 230:250 A novel composite film based on carbon nanodots (CNDs) and chitosan was readily prepared and used as immobilization matrix to entrap a heme protein, hemoglobin (Hb) for direct electrochemistry and bioelectrocatalysis. 24681154 5 40 theme electrocatalytic 959:974 arg1 behavior 976:983 excellent electrocatalytic behavior 949:983 excellent electrocatalytic behavior to the substrate, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) 949:1026 The modified electrode showed excellent electrocatalytic behavior to the substrate, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). 24681154 4 41 theme Marcus 775:780 arg1 theory 782:787 the Marcus theory 771:787 the Marcus theory 771:787 The electron-transfer kinetics of Hb in composite film was qualitatively evaluated by using the Marcus theory, and the apparent heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant (ks) was estimated to be 2.39(±0.03)s(-1) with Laviron equations. 24681154 0 42 dep film 35:38 arg1 platform 43:50 a platform 41:50 Carbon nanodots-chitosan composite film: a platform for protein immobilization, direct electrochemistry and bioelectrocatalysis. 0:127 Carbon nanodots-chitosan composite film: a platform for protein immobilization, direct electrochemistry and bioelectrocatalysis. 24681154 1 43 theme composite 137:145 arg1 film 147:150 A novel composite film 129:150 A novel composite film based on carbon nanodots (CNDs) and chitosan 129:195 A novel composite film based on carbon nanodots (CNDs) and chitosan was readily prepared and used as immobilization matrix to entrap a heme protein, hemoglobin (Hb) for direct electrochemistry and bioelectrocatalysis. 24681154 1 43 theme composite 137:145 arg1 matrix 245:250 immobilization matrix 230:250 immobilization matrix 230:250 A novel composite film based on carbon nanodots (CNDs) and chitosan was readily prepared and used as immobilization matrix to entrap a heme protein, hemoglobin (Hb) for direct electrochemistry and bioelectrocatalysis. 24681154 6 44 from limit 1117:1121 arg1 ratio 1163:1167 the signal-to-noise ratio 1143:1167 the signal-to-noise ratio of 3 1143:1172 The linear current response for H2O2 was from 1×10(-6) to 1.18×10(-4)M with a detection limit of 0.27(±0.02)μM at the signal-to-noise ratio of 3, and the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant was 0.067(±0.02)mM. 24681154 5 45 theme modified 923:930 arg1 electrode 932:940 The modified electrode 919:940 The modified electrode 919:940 The modified electrode showed excellent electrocatalytic behavior to the substrate, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). 24681154 1 46 used used 222:225 arg2 film 147:150 A novel composite film 129:150 A novel composite film based on carbon nanodots (CNDs) and chitosan 129:195 A novel composite film based on carbon nanodots (CNDs) and chitosan was readily prepared and used as immobilization matrix to entrap a heme protein, hemoglobin (Hb) for direct electrochemistry and bioelectrocatalysis. 24681154 1 46 used used 222:225 arg2 matrix 245:250 immobilization matrix 230:250 immobilization matrix 230:250 A novel composite film based on carbon nanodots (CNDs) and chitosan was readily prepared and used as immobilization matrix to entrap a heme protein, hemoglobin (Hb) for direct electrochemistry and bioelectrocatalysis. 24681154 4 47 from kinetics 701:708 arg1 film 729:732 composite film 719:732 composite film 719:732 The electron-transfer kinetics of Hb in composite film was qualitatively evaluated by using the Marcus theory, and the apparent heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant (ks) was estimated to be 2.39(±0.03)s(-1) with Laviron equations. 24681154 3 48 theme Spectroscopic 465:477 arg1 studies 499:505 Spectroscopic and electrochemical studies 465:505 Spectroscopic and electrochemical studies 465:505 Spectroscopic and electrochemical studies showed that Hb entrapped in the composite film remained in its native structures, and CNDs in the film can greatly facilitate DET between the protein and the GC electrode. 24681154 5 49 theme excellent 949:957 arg1 behavior 976:983 excellent electrocatalytic behavior 949:983 excellent electrocatalytic behavior to the substrate, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) 949:1026 The modified electrode showed excellent electrocatalytic behavior to the substrate, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). 24681154 6 50 from ratio 1163:1167 arg1 μM 1137:1138 0.27(±0.02)μM 1126:1138 0.27(±0.02)μM at the signal-to-noise ratio of 3 1126:1172 The linear current response for H2O2 was from 1×10(-6) to 1.18×10(-4)M with a detection limit of 0.27(±0.02)μM at the signal-to-noise ratio of 3, and the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant was 0.067(±0.02)mM. 24681154 6 50 from ratio 1163:1167 arg1 limit 1117:1121 a detection limit 1105:1121 a detection limit of 0.27(±0.02)μM at the signal-to-noise ratio of 3 1105:1172 The linear current response for H2O2 was from 1×10(-6) to 1.18×10(-4)M with a detection limit of 0.27(±0.02)μM at the signal-to-noise ratio of 3, and the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant was 0.067(±0.02)mM. 24681154 0 51 theme protein 56:62 arg1 immobilization 64:77 protein immobilization 56:77 protein immobilization 56:77 Carbon nanodots-chitosan composite film: a platform for protein immobilization, direct electrochemistry and bioelectrocatalysis. 24681154 1 52 theme direct 298:303 arg1 electrochemistry 305:320 direct electrochemistry 298:320 direct electrochemistry 298:320 A novel composite film based on carbon nanodots (CNDs) and chitosan was readily prepared and used as immobilization matrix to entrap a heme protein, hemoglobin (Hb) for direct electrochemistry and bioelectrocatalysis. 24681154 0 53 theme composite 25:33 arg1 film 35:38 Carbon nanodots-chitosan composite film 0:38 Carbon nanodots-chitosan composite film: a platform for protein immobilization, direct electrochemistry and bioelectrocatalysis. 0:127 Carbon nanodots-chitosan composite film: a platform for protein immobilization, direct electrochemistry and bioelectrocatalysis. 24681154 7 54 theme biofuel 1391:1397 arg1 cells 1399:1403 biofuel cells 1391:1403 biofuel cells 1391:1403 These important features of CNDs-chitosan film have implied to be a promising platform for elaborating bioelectrochemical devices such as biosensors and biofuel cells. 24681154 2 55 theme modified 349:356 arg1 electrode 358:366 A modified electrode 347:366 A modified electrode 347:366 A modified electrode was obtained by casting Hb-CNDs-chitosan composites on the glassy carbon (GC) electrode surface. 24681154 1 56 theme immobilization 230:243 arg1 film 147:150 A novel composite film 129:150 A novel composite film based on carbon nanodots (CNDs) and chitosan 129:195 A novel composite film based on carbon nanodots (CNDs) and chitosan was readily prepared and used as immobilization matrix to entrap a heme protein, hemoglobin (Hb) for direct electrochemistry and bioelectrocatalysis. 24681154 1 56 theme immobilization 230:243 arg1 matrix 245:250 immobilization matrix 230:250 immobilization matrix 230:250 A novel composite film based on carbon nanodots (CNDs) and chitosan was readily prepared and used as immobilization matrix to entrap a heme protein, hemoglobin (Hb) for direct electrochemistry and bioelectrocatalysis. 26162975 12 0 theme alcohol 1752:1758 arg1 presence 1740:1747 the presence 1736:1747 the presence of alcohol 1736:1758 Optimized compositions showed resistance to dose dumping in the presence of alcohol. 26162975 10 1 theme study 1457:1461 arg1 Validation 1439:1448 Validation 1439:1448 Validation of the study with six confirmatory runs 1439:1488 Validation of the study with six confirmatory runs indicated high degree of prognostic ability of response surface methodology. 26162975 11 2 theme Further 1567:1573 arg1 coating 1575:1581 Further coating 1567:1581 Further coating with ReadiLycoat 1567:1598 Further coating with ReadiLycoat was providing an additional resistance to the alcohol-induced dose dumping. 26162975 7 3 theme gelling 1064:1070 arg1 property 1072:1079 the swelling and gelling property 1047:1079 the swelling and gelling property of PGA 1047:1086 ERS addition was giving structural support to the swelling and gelling property of PGA, and thus, was reducing the PGA erosion in dissolution media containing ethanol. 26162975 3 4 theme surface 499:505 arg1 methodology 507:517 response surface methodology 490:517 response surface methodology 490:517 Optimal design based on response surface methodology was employed for the optimization of the composition. 26162975 12 5 theme dose 1720:1723 arg1 dumping 1725:1731 dose dumping 1720:1731 dose dumping 1720:1731 Optimized compositions showed resistance to dose dumping in the presence of alcohol. 26162975 10 6 theme high 1500:1503 arg1 degree 1505:1510 high degree 1500:1510 high degree of prognostic ability of response surface methodology 1500:1564 Validation of the study with six confirmatory runs indicated high degree of prognostic ability of response surface methodology. 26162975 8 7 with formulations 1198:1209 arg1 composition 1224:1234 diverse composition 1216:1234 diverse composition 1216:1234 Among the formulations, four formulations with diverse composition were meeting the target dissolution (30-40%) in both the conditions. 26162975 7 8 theme swelling 1051:1058 arg1 property 1072:1079 the swelling and gelling property 1047:1079 the swelling and gelling property of PGA 1047:1086 ERS addition was giving structural support to the swelling and gelling property of PGA, and thus, was reducing the PGA erosion in dissolution media containing ethanol. 26162975 2 9 theme glycol 292:297 arg1 PGA 309:311 PGA 309:311 PGA 309:311 The study was designed to optimize the independent variables, propylene glycol alginate (PGA), Eudragit RS PO (ERS) and coating in mucoadhesive quetiapine prolonged release tablets 200 mg required for preventing the alcohol-induced dose dumping. 26162975 2 9 theme glycol 292:297 arg1 alginate 299:306 propylene glycol alginate 282:306 propylene glycol alginate (PGA) 282:312 The study was designed to optimize the independent variables, propylene glycol alginate (PGA), Eudragit RS PO (ERS) and coating in mucoadhesive quetiapine prolonged release tablets 200 mg required for preventing the alcohol-induced dose dumping. 26162975 9 10 theme equations 1350:1358 arg1 validity 1321:1328 The statistical validity 1305:1328 The statistical validity of the mathematical equations 1305:1358 The statistical validity of the mathematical equations was established, and the optimum concentration of the factors was established. 26162975 2 11 from PO 327:328 arg1 tablets 393:399 mucoadhesive quetiapine prolonged release tablets 351:399 mucoadhesive quetiapine prolonged release tablets 200 mg required for preventing the alcohol-induced dose dumping 351:463 The study was designed to optimize the independent variables, propylene glycol alginate (PGA), Eudragit RS PO (ERS) and coating in mucoadhesive quetiapine prolonged release tablets 200 mg required for preventing the alcohol-induced dose dumping. 26162975 1 12 theme administered 175:186 arg1 forms 213:217 the orally administered prolonged release dosage forms 164:217 the orally administered prolonged release dosage forms 164:217 Alcohol-induced dose dumping is a serious concern for the orally administered prolonged release dosage forms. 26162975 4 13 theme 40 666:667 arg1 % 668:668 % 668:668 % 668:668 The formulations are evaluated for in vitro drug release in hydrochloric acid alone and with 40% v/v ethanol. 26162975 10 14 theme ability 1526:1532 arg1 degree 1505:1510 high degree 1500:1510 high degree of prognostic ability of response surface methodology 1500:1564 Validation of the study with six confirmatory runs indicated high degree of prognostic ability of response surface methodology. 26162975 7 15 theme structural 1025:1034 arg1 support 1036:1042 structural support 1025:1042 structural support 1025:1042 ERS addition was giving structural support to the swelling and gelling property of PGA, and thus, was reducing the PGA erosion in dissolution media containing ethanol. 26162975 1 16 theme release 198:204 arg1 forms 213:217 the orally administered prolonged release dosage forms 164:217 the orally administered prolonged release dosage forms 164:217 Alcohol-induced dose dumping is a serious concern for the orally administered prolonged release dosage forms. 26162975 5 17 with min 765:767 arg1 R2 783:784 R2 783:784 R2 783:784 The responses, dissolution at 120 min without alcohol (R1) and dissolution at 120 min with alcohol (R2), were statistically evaluated and regression equations are generated. 26162975 5 17 with min 765:767 arg1 alcohol 774:780 alcohol 774:780 alcohol (R2) 774:785 The responses, dissolution at 120 min without alcohol (R1) and dissolution at 120 min with alcohol (R2), were statistically evaluated and regression equations are generated. 26162975 5 18 from min 717:719 arg1 responses 687:695 The responses 683:695 The responses 683:695 The responses, dissolution at 120 min without alcohol (R1) and dissolution at 120 min with alcohol (R2), were statistically evaluated and regression equations are generated. 26162975 5 18 from min 717:719 arg1 dissolution 746:756 dissolution 746:756 dissolution at 120 min with alcohol (R2) 746:785 The responses, dissolution at 120 min without alcohol (R1) and dissolution at 120 min with alcohol (R2), were statistically evaluated and regression equations are generated. 26162975 5 18 from min 717:719 arg1 dissolution 698:708 dissolution 698:708 dissolution at 120 min without alcohol (R1) 698:740 The responses, dissolution at 120 min without alcohol (R1) and dissolution at 120 min with alcohol (R2), were statistically evaluated and regression equations are generated. 26162975 9 19 theme optimum 1385:1391 arg1 concentration 1393:1405 the optimum concentration 1381:1405 the optimum concentration of the factors 1381:1420 The statistical validity of the mathematical equations was established, and the optimum concentration of the factors was established. 26162975 10 20 theme methodology 1554:1564 arg1 ability 1526:1532 prognostic ability 1515:1532 prognostic ability of response surface methodology 1515:1564 Validation of the study with six confirmatory runs indicated high degree of prognostic ability of response surface methodology. 26162975 7 21 theme ERS 1001:1003 arg1 addition 1005:1012 ERS addition 1001:1012 ERS addition 1001:1012 ERS addition was giving structural support to the swelling and gelling property of PGA, and thus, was reducing the PGA erosion in dissolution media containing ethanol. 26162975 7 22 from erosion 1120:1126 arg1 media 1143:1147 dissolution media 1131:1147 dissolution media containing ethanol 1131:1166 ERS addition was giving structural support to the swelling and gelling property of PGA, and thus, was reducing the PGA erosion in dissolution media containing ethanol. 26162975 8 23 theme diverse 1216:1222 arg1 composition 1224:1234 diverse composition 1216:1234 diverse composition 1216:1234 Among the formulations, four formulations with diverse composition were meeting the target dissolution (30-40%) in both the conditions. 26162975 10 24 theme response 1537:1544 arg1 methodology 1554:1564 response surface methodology 1537:1564 response surface methodology 1537:1564 Validation of the study with six confirmatory runs indicated high degree of prognostic ability of response surface methodology. 26162975 9 25 theme factors 1414:1420 arg1 concentration 1393:1405 the optimum concentration 1381:1405 the optimum concentration of the factors 1381:1420 The statistical validity of the mathematical equations was established, and the optimum concentration of the factors was established. 26162975 6 26 theme polymeric 878:886 arg1 matrix 888:893 a hydrophilic polymeric matrix 864:893 a hydrophilic polymeric matrix 864:893 PGA as a hydrophilic polymeric matrix was dumping the dose when dissolutions are carried in 0.1 N hydrochloric acid containing 40% v/v ethanol. 26162975 4 27 dep in 608:609 arg1 vitro 611:615 vitro 611:615 vitro 611:615 The formulations are evaluated for in vitro drug release in hydrochloric acid alone and with 40% v/v ethanol. 26162975 2 28 theme independent 259:269 arg1 variables 271:279 the independent variables 255:279 the independent variables 255:279 The study was designed to optimize the independent variables, propylene glycol alginate (PGA), Eudragit RS PO (ERS) and coating in mucoadhesive quetiapine prolonged release tablets 200 mg required for preventing the alcohol-induced dose dumping. 26162975 2 29 from alginate 299:306 arg1 tablets 393:399 mucoadhesive quetiapine prolonged release tablets 351:399 mucoadhesive quetiapine prolonged release tablets 200 mg required for preventing the alcohol-induced dose dumping 351:463 The study was designed to optimize the independent variables, propylene glycol alginate (PGA), Eudragit RS PO (ERS) and coating in mucoadhesive quetiapine prolonged release tablets 200 mg required for preventing the alcohol-induced dose dumping. 26162975 4 30 theme v/v 670:672 arg1 ethanol 674:680 40% v/v ethanol 666:680 40% v/v ethanol 666:680 The formulations are evaluated for in vitro drug release in hydrochloric acid alone and with 40% v/v ethanol. 26162975 0 31 theme Formulation 58:68 arg1 Optimization 16:27 Optimization 16:27 Optimization 16:27 Development and Optimization of a Novel Prolonged Release Formulation to Resist Alcohol-Induced Dose Dumping. 26162975 0 31 theme Formulation 58:68 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development and Optimization of a Novel Prolonged Release Formulation to Resist Alcohol-Induced Dose Dumping. 26162975 10 32 with Validation 1439:1448 arg1 runs 1485:1488 six confirmatory runs 1468:1488 six confirmatory runs 1468:1488 Validation of the study with six confirmatory runs indicated high degree of prognostic ability of response surface methodology. 26162975 6 33 theme N 953:953 arg1 acid 968:971 0.1 N hydrochloric acid 949:971 0.1 N hydrochloric acid containing 40% v/v ethanol 949:998 PGA as a hydrophilic polymeric matrix was dumping the dose when dissolutions are carried in 0.1 N hydrochloric acid containing 40% v/v ethanol. 26162975 7 34 theme dissolution 1131:1141 arg1 media 1143:1147 dissolution media 1131:1147 dissolution media containing ethanol 1131:1166 ERS addition was giving structural support to the swelling and gelling property of PGA, and thus, was reducing the PGA erosion in dissolution media containing ethanol. 26162975 0 35 theme Dose 96:99 arg1 Dumping 101:107 Alcohol-Induced Dose Dumping 80:107 Alcohol-Induced Dose Dumping 80:107 Development and Optimization of a Novel Prolonged Release Formulation to Resist Alcohol-Induced Dose Dumping. 26162975 12 36 theme Optimized 1676:1684 arg1 compositions 1686:1697 Optimized compositions 1676:1697 Optimized compositions 1676:1697 Optimized compositions showed resistance to dose dumping in the presence of alcohol. 26162975 2 37 theme prolonged 375:383 arg1 tablets 393:399 mucoadhesive quetiapine prolonged release tablets 351:399 mucoadhesive quetiapine prolonged release tablets 200 mg required for preventing the alcohol-induced dose dumping 351:463 The study was designed to optimize the independent variables, propylene glycol alginate (PGA), Eudragit RS PO (ERS) and coating in mucoadhesive quetiapine prolonged release tablets 200 mg required for preventing the alcohol-induced dose dumping. 26162975 5 38 from min 765:767 arg1 responses 687:695 The responses 683:695 The responses 683:695 The responses, dissolution at 120 min without alcohol (R1) and dissolution at 120 min with alcohol (R2), were statistically evaluated and regression equations are generated. 26162975 5 38 from min 765:767 arg1 dissolution 746:756 dissolution 746:756 dissolution at 120 min with alcohol (R2) 746:785 The responses, dissolution at 120 min without alcohol (R1) and dissolution at 120 min with alcohol (R2), were statistically evaluated and regression equations are generated. 26162975 5 38 from min 765:767 arg1 dissolution 698:708 dissolution 698:708 dissolution at 120 min without alcohol (R1) 698:740 The responses, dissolution at 120 min without alcohol (R1) and dissolution at 120 min with alcohol (R2), were statistically evaluated and regression equations are generated. 26162975 0 39 theme Novel 34:38 arg1 Formulation 58:68 a Novel Prolonged Release Formulation 32:68 a Novel Prolonged Release Formulation 32:68 Development and Optimization of a Novel Prolonged Release Formulation to Resist Alcohol-Induced Dose Dumping. 26162975 2 40 theme mucoadhesive 351:362 arg1 tablets 393:399 mucoadhesive quetiapine prolonged release tablets 351:399 mucoadhesive quetiapine prolonged release tablets 200 mg required for preventing the alcohol-induced dose dumping 351:463 The study was designed to optimize the independent variables, propylene glycol alginate (PGA), Eudragit RS PO (ERS) and coating in mucoadhesive quetiapine prolonged release tablets 200 mg required for preventing the alcohol-induced dose dumping. 26162975 1 41 theme Alcohol-induced 110:124 arg1 concern 152:158 a serious concern 142:158 a serious concern for the orally administered prolonged release dosage forms 142:217 Alcohol-induced dose dumping is a serious concern for the orally administered prolonged release dosage forms. 26162975 1 41 theme Alcohol-induced 110:124 arg1 dumping 131:137 Alcohol-induced dose dumping 110:137 Alcohol-induced dose dumping 110:137 Alcohol-induced dose dumping is a serious concern for the orally administered prolonged release dosage forms. 26162975 2 42 from variables 271:279 arg1 tablets 393:399 mucoadhesive quetiapine prolonged release tablets 351:399 mucoadhesive quetiapine prolonged release tablets 200 mg required for preventing the alcohol-induced dose dumping 351:463 The study was designed to optimize the independent variables, propylene glycol alginate (PGA), Eudragit RS PO (ERS) and coating in mucoadhesive quetiapine prolonged release tablets 200 mg required for preventing the alcohol-induced dose dumping. 26162975 6 43 theme v/v 988:990 arg1 ethanol 992:998 40% v/v ethanol 984:998 40% v/v ethanol 984:998 PGA as a hydrophilic polymeric matrix was dumping the dose when dissolutions are carried in 0.1 N hydrochloric acid containing 40% v/v ethanol. 26162975 11 44 theme alcohol-induced 1646:1660 arg1 dumping 1667:1673 the alcohol-induced dose dumping 1642:1673 the alcohol-induced dose dumping 1642:1673 Further coating with ReadiLycoat was providing an additional resistance to the alcohol-induced dose dumping. 26162975 2 45 dep tablets 393:399 arg1 mg 405:406 200 mg 401:406 mucoadhesive quetiapine prolonged release tablets 200 mg required for preventing the alcohol-induced dose dumping 351:463 The study was designed to optimize the independent variables, propylene glycol alginate (PGA), Eudragit RS PO (ERS) and coating in mucoadhesive quetiapine prolonged release tablets 200 mg required for preventing the alcohol-induced dose dumping. 26162975 6 46 theme 40 984:985 arg1 % 986:986 % 986:986 % 986:986 PGA as a hydrophilic polymeric matrix was dumping the dose when dissolutions are carried in 0.1 N hydrochloric acid containing 40% v/v ethanol. 26162975 2 47 theme dose 452:455 arg1 dumping 457:463 the alcohol-induced dose dumping 432:463 the alcohol-induced dose dumping 432:463 The study was designed to optimize the independent variables, propylene glycol alginate (PGA), Eudragit RS PO (ERS) and coating in mucoadhesive quetiapine prolonged release tablets 200 mg required for preventing the alcohol-induced dose dumping. 26162975 0 48 theme Prolonged 40:48 arg1 Formulation 58:68 a Novel Prolonged Release Formulation 32:68 a Novel Prolonged Release Formulation 32:68 Development and Optimization of a Novel Prolonged Release Formulation to Resist Alcohol-Induced Dose Dumping. 26162975 2 49 theme RS 324:325 arg1 PO 327:328 Eudragit RS PO 315:328 Eudragit RS PO (ERS) 315:334 The study was designed to optimize the independent variables, propylene glycol alginate (PGA), Eudragit RS PO (ERS) and coating in mucoadhesive quetiapine prolonged release tablets 200 mg required for preventing the alcohol-induced dose dumping. 26162975 2 49 theme RS 324:325 arg1 ERS 331:333 ERS 331:333 ERS 331:333 The study was designed to optimize the independent variables, propylene glycol alginate (PGA), Eudragit RS PO (ERS) and coating in mucoadhesive quetiapine prolonged release tablets 200 mg required for preventing the alcohol-induced dose dumping. 26162975 10 50 theme confirmatory 1472:1483 arg1 runs 1485:1488 six confirmatory runs 1468:1488 six confirmatory runs 1468:1488 Validation of the study with six confirmatory runs indicated high degree of prognostic ability of response surface methodology. 26162975 4 51 with release 622:628 arg1 ethanol 674:680 40% v/v ethanol 666:680 40% v/v ethanol 666:680 The formulations are evaluated for in vitro drug release in hydrochloric acid alone and with 40% v/v ethanol. 26162975 9 52 theme statistical 1309:1319 arg1 validity 1321:1328 The statistical validity 1305:1328 The statistical validity of the mathematical equations 1305:1358 The statistical validity of the mathematical equations was established, and the optimum concentration of the factors was established. 26162975 6 53 theme hydrophilic 866:876 arg1 matrix 888:893 a hydrophilic polymeric matrix 864:893 a hydrophilic polymeric matrix 864:893 PGA as a hydrophilic polymeric matrix was dumping the dose when dissolutions are carried in 0.1 N hydrochloric acid containing 40% v/v ethanol. 26162975 3 54 theme response 490:497 arg1 methodology 507:517 response surface methodology 490:517 response surface methodology 490:517 Optimal design based on response surface methodology was employed for the optimization of the composition. 26162975 11 55 with coating 1575:1581 arg1 ReadiLycoat 1588:1598 ReadiLycoat 1588:1598 ReadiLycoat 1588:1598 Further coating with ReadiLycoat was providing an additional resistance to the alcohol-induced dose dumping. 26162975 9 56 theme mathematical 1337:1348 arg1 equations 1350:1358 the mathematical equations 1333:1358 the mathematical equations 1333:1358 The statistical validity of the mathematical equations was established, and the optimum concentration of the factors was established. 26162975 11 57 theme additional 1617:1626 arg1 resistance 1628:1637 an additional resistance 1614:1637 an additional resistance to the alcohol-induced dose dumping 1614:1673 Further coating with ReadiLycoat was providing an additional resistance to the alcohol-induced dose dumping. 26162975 2 58 theme propylene 282:290 arg1 glycol 292:297 propylene glycol 282:297 propylene glycol alginate (PGA) 282:312 The study was designed to optimize the independent variables, propylene glycol alginate (PGA), Eudragit RS PO (ERS) and coating in mucoadhesive quetiapine prolonged release tablets 200 mg required for preventing the alcohol-induced dose dumping. 26162975 3 59 theme composition 560:570 arg1 optimization 540:551 the optimization 536:551 the optimization of the composition 536:570 Optimal design based on response surface methodology was employed for the optimization of the composition. 26162975 1 60 theme prolonged 188:196 arg1 forms 213:217 the orally administered prolonged release dosage forms 164:217 the orally administered prolonged release dosage forms 164:217 Alcohol-induced dose dumping is a serious concern for the orally administered prolonged release dosage forms. 26162975 2 61 from coating 340:346 arg1 tablets 393:399 mucoadhesive quetiapine prolonged release tablets 351:399 mucoadhesive quetiapine prolonged release tablets 200 mg required for preventing the alcohol-induced dose dumping 351:463 The study was designed to optimize the independent variables, propylene glycol alginate (PGA), Eudragit RS PO (ERS) and coating in mucoadhesive quetiapine prolonged release tablets 200 mg required for preventing the alcohol-induced dose dumping. 26162975 10 62 theme prognostic 1515:1524 arg1 ability 1526:1532 prognostic ability 1515:1532 prognostic ability of response surface methodology 1515:1564 Validation of the study with six confirmatory runs indicated high degree of prognostic ability of response surface methodology. 26162975 1 63 theme dosage 206:211 arg1 forms 213:217 the orally administered prolonged release dosage forms 164:217 the orally administered prolonged release dosage forms 164:217 Alcohol-induced dose dumping is a serious concern for the orally administered prolonged release dosage forms. 26162975 4 64 from release 622:628 arg1 acid 646:649 hydrochloric acid 633:649 hydrochloric acid alone 633:655 The formulations are evaluated for in vitro drug release in hydrochloric acid alone and with 40% v/v ethanol. 26162975 4 65 theme hydrochloric 633:644 arg1 acid 646:649 hydrochloric acid 633:649 hydrochloric acid alone 633:655 The formulations are evaluated for in vitro drug release in hydrochloric acid alone and with 40% v/v ethanol. 26162975 10 66 theme surface 1546:1552 arg1 methodology 1554:1564 response surface methodology 1537:1564 response surface methodology 1537:1564 Validation of the study with six confirmatory runs indicated high degree of prognostic ability of response surface methodology. 26162975 1 67 theme dose 126:129 arg1 concern 152:158 a serious concern 142:158 a serious concern for the orally administered prolonged release dosage forms 142:217 Alcohol-induced dose dumping is a serious concern for the orally administered prolonged release dosage forms. 26162975 1 67 theme dose 126:129 arg1 dumping 131:137 Alcohol-induced dose dumping 110:137 Alcohol-induced dose dumping 110:137 Alcohol-induced dose dumping is a serious concern for the orally administered prolonged release dosage forms. 26162975 5 68 theme regression 821:830 arg1 equations 832:840 regression equations 821:840 regression equations 821:840 The responses, dissolution at 120 min without alcohol (R1) and dissolution at 120 min with alcohol (R2), were statistically evaluated and regression equations are generated. 26162975 3 69 theme Optimal 466:472 arg1 design 474:479 Optimal design 466:479 Optimal design based on response surface methodology 466:517 Optimal design based on response surface methodology was employed for the optimization of the composition. 26162975 1 70 theme serious 144:150 arg1 concern 152:158 a serious concern 142:158 a serious concern for the orally administered prolonged release dosage forms 142:217 Alcohol-induced dose dumping is a serious concern for the orally administered prolonged release dosage forms. 26162975 1 70 theme serious 144:150 arg1 dumping 131:137 Alcohol-induced dose dumping 110:137 Alcohol-induced dose dumping 110:137 Alcohol-induced dose dumping is a serious concern for the orally administered prolonged release dosage forms. 26162975 6 71 theme hydrochloric 955:966 arg1 acid 968:971 0.1 N hydrochloric acid 949:971 0.1 N hydrochloric acid containing 40% v/v ethanol 949:998 PGA as a hydrophilic polymeric matrix was dumping the dose when dissolutions are carried in 0.1 N hydrochloric acid containing 40% v/v ethanol. 26162975 4 72 theme % 668:668 arg1 v/v 670:672 40% v/v 666:672 40% v/v ethanol 666:680 The formulations are evaluated for in vitro drug release in hydrochloric acid alone and with 40% v/v ethanol. 26162975 0 73 theme Alcohol-Induced 80:94 arg1 Dumping 101:107 Alcohol-Induced Dose Dumping 80:107 Alcohol-Induced Dose Dumping 80:107 Development and Optimization of a Novel Prolonged Release Formulation to Resist Alcohol-Induced Dose Dumping. 26162975 8 74 theme target 1253:1258 arg1 % 1278:1278 30-40% 1273:1278 30-40% 1273:1278 Among the formulations, four formulations with diverse composition were meeting the target dissolution (30-40%) in both the conditions. 26162975 8 74 theme target 1253:1258 arg1 dissolution 1260:1270 the target dissolution 1249:1270 the target dissolution (30-40%) 1249:1279 Among the formulations, four formulations with diverse composition were meeting the target dissolution (30-40%) in both the conditions. 26162975 7 75 theme PGA 1116:1118 arg1 erosion 1120:1126 the PGA erosion 1112:1126 the PGA erosion in dissolution media containing ethanol 1112:1166 ERS addition was giving structural support to the swelling and gelling property of PGA, and thus, was reducing the PGA erosion in dissolution media containing ethanol. 26162975 6 76 contain containing 973:982 arg2 ethanol 992:998 40% v/v ethanol 984:998 40% v/v ethanol 984:998 PGA as a hydrophilic polymeric matrix was dumping the dose when dissolutions are carried in 0.1 N hydrochloric acid containing 40% v/v ethanol. 26162975 6 76 contain containing 973:982 arg1 acid 968:971 0.1 N hydrochloric acid 949:971 0.1 N hydrochloric acid containing 40% v/v ethanol 949:998 PGA as a hydrophilic polymeric matrix was dumping the dose when dissolutions are carried in 0.1 N hydrochloric acid containing 40% v/v ethanol. 26162975 2 77 theme quetiapine 364:373 arg1 tablets 393:399 mucoadhesive quetiapine prolonged release tablets 351:399 mucoadhesive quetiapine prolonged release tablets 200 mg required for preventing the alcohol-induced dose dumping 351:463 The study was designed to optimize the independent variables, propylene glycol alginate (PGA), Eudragit RS PO (ERS) and coating in mucoadhesive quetiapine prolonged release tablets 200 mg required for preventing the alcohol-induced dose dumping. 26162975 7 78 theme PGA 1084:1086 arg1 property 1072:1079 the swelling and gelling property 1047:1079 the swelling and gelling property of PGA 1047:1086 ERS addition was giving structural support to the swelling and gelling property of PGA, and thus, was reducing the PGA erosion in dissolution media containing ethanol. 26162975 6 79 theme % 986:986 arg1 v/v 988:990 40% v/v 984:990 40% v/v ethanol 984:998 PGA as a hydrophilic polymeric matrix was dumping the dose when dissolutions are carried in 0.1 N hydrochloric acid containing 40% v/v ethanol. 26162975 2 80 theme release 385:391 arg1 tablets 393:399 mucoadhesive quetiapine prolonged release tablets 351:399 mucoadhesive quetiapine prolonged release tablets 200 mg required for preventing the alcohol-induced dose dumping 351:463 The study was designed to optimize the independent variables, propylene glycol alginate (PGA), Eudragit RS PO (ERS) and coating in mucoadhesive quetiapine prolonged release tablets 200 mg required for preventing the alcohol-induced dose dumping. 26162975 0 81 theme Release 50:56 arg1 Formulation 58:68 a Novel Prolonged Release Formulation 32:68 a Novel Prolonged Release Formulation 32:68 Development and Optimization of a Novel Prolonged Release Formulation to Resist Alcohol-Induced Dose Dumping. 26162975 2 82 theme alcohol-induced 436:450 arg1 dumping 457:463 the alcohol-induced dose dumping 432:463 the alcohol-induced dose dumping 432:463 The study was designed to optimize the independent variables, propylene glycol alginate (PGA), Eudragit RS PO (ERS) and coating in mucoadhesive quetiapine prolonged release tablets 200 mg required for preventing the alcohol-induced dose dumping. 26162975 4 83 theme in 608:609 arg1 release 622:628 in vitro drug release 608:628 in vitro drug release in hydrochloric acid alone and with 40% v/v ethanol 608:680 The formulations are evaluated for in vitro drug release in hydrochloric acid alone and with 40% v/v ethanol. 26162975 11 84 theme dose 1662:1665 arg1 dumping 1667:1673 the alcohol-induced dose dumping 1642:1673 the alcohol-induced dose dumping 1642:1673 Further coating with ReadiLycoat was providing an additional resistance to the alcohol-induced dose dumping. 26162975 2 85 theme Eudragit 315:322 arg1 PO 327:328 Eudragit RS PO 315:328 Eudragit RS PO (ERS) 315:334 The study was designed to optimize the independent variables, propylene glycol alginate (PGA), Eudragit RS PO (ERS) and coating in mucoadhesive quetiapine prolonged release tablets 200 mg required for preventing the alcohol-induced dose dumping. 26162975 2 85 theme Eudragit 315:322 arg1 ERS 331:333 ERS 331:333 ERS 331:333 The study was designed to optimize the independent variables, propylene glycol alginate (PGA), Eudragit RS PO (ERS) and coating in mucoadhesive quetiapine prolonged release tablets 200 mg required for preventing the alcohol-induced dose dumping. 26162975 4 86 theme drug 617:620 arg1 release 622:628 in vitro drug release 608:628 in vitro drug release in hydrochloric acid alone and with 40% v/v ethanol 608:680 The formulations are evaluated for in vitro drug release in hydrochloric acid alone and with 40% v/v ethanol. 26162975 7 87 contain containing 1149:1158 arg2 ethanol 1160:1166 ethanol 1160:1166 ethanol 1160:1166 ERS addition was giving structural support to the swelling and gelling property of PGA, and thus, was reducing the PGA erosion in dissolution media containing ethanol. 26162975 7 87 contain containing 1149:1158 arg1 media 1143:1147 dissolution media 1131:1147 dissolution media containing ethanol 1131:1166 ERS addition was giving structural support to the swelling and gelling property of PGA, and thus, was reducing the PGA erosion in dissolution media containing ethanol. 27279068 1 0 theme poorer 165:170 arg1 control 181:187 poorer glycemic control 165:187 poorer glycemic control with potentially fatal consequences 165:223 Patients tend to prevent hypoglycemia by excessive saccharide intake leading to poorer glycemic control with potentially fatal consequences. 27279068 4 1 theme ethylcellulose 581:594 arg1 dispersion 596:605 an ethylcellulose dispersion 578:605 an ethylcellulose dispersion 578:605 The pellets contain glucose in combination with an osmotically active ingredient and are coated with an ethylcellulose dispersion, which forms an insoluble semipermeable membrane and ensures delayed release. 27279068 2 2 theme drug 359:362 arg1 effect 369:374 the antidiabetic drug peak effect 342:374 the antidiabetic drug peak effect 342:374 This problem could be resolved by means of pellets with glucose release delayed by 120-360 min as a compensation of the antidiabetic drug peak effect. 27279068 5 3 theme high-performance 743:758 arg1 chromatography 767:780 high-performance liquid chromatography 743:780 high-performance liquid chromatography 743:780 The release of glucose was assessed using dissolution and high-performance liquid chromatography. 27279068 8 4 theme carboxymethyl 1009:1021 arg1 starch 1023:1028 carboxymethyl starch 1009:1028 carboxymethyl starch 1009:1028 The sample containing carboxymethyl starch was found to be most suitable for the intent of this work. 27279068 7 5 theme Lag 939:941 arg1 times 943:947 Lag times 939:947 Lag times of 60, 240 and 360 min 939:970 Lag times of 60, 240 and 360 min were achieved. 27279068 5 6 theme liquid 760:765 arg1 chromatography 767:780 high-performance liquid chromatography 743:780 high-performance liquid chromatography 743:780 The release of glucose was assessed using dissolution and high-performance liquid chromatography. 27279068 6 7 theme lag 857:859 arg1 time 861:864 the requested lag time 843:864 the requested lag time using a combination of adequate compositions and coating concentrations 843:936 Dissolution profiles indicated the possibility of achieving the requested lag time using a combination of adequate compositions and coating concentrations. 27279068 2 8 theme peak 364:367 arg1 effect 369:374 the antidiabetic drug peak effect 342:374 the antidiabetic drug peak effect 342:374 This problem could be resolved by means of pellets with glucose release delayed by 120-360 min as a compensation of the antidiabetic drug peak effect. 27279068 8 9 theme work 1083:1086 arg1 intent 1068:1073 the intent 1064:1073 the intent of this work 1064:1086 The sample containing carboxymethyl starch was found to be most suitable for the intent of this work. 27279068 4 10 theme semipermeable 633:645 arg1 membrane 647:654 an insoluble semipermeable membrane 620:654 an insoluble semipermeable membrane 620:654 The pellets contain glucose in combination with an osmotically active ingredient and are coated with an ethylcellulose dispersion, which forms an insoluble semipermeable membrane and ensures delayed release. 27279068 2 11 theme glucose 282:288 arg1 release 290:296 glucose release 282:296 glucose release delayed by 120-360 min as a compensation of the antidiabetic drug peak effect 282:374 This problem could be resolved by means of pellets with glucose release delayed by 120-360 min as a compensation of the antidiabetic drug peak effect. 27279068 4 12 theme delayed 668:674 arg1 release 676:682 delayed release 668:682 delayed release 668:682 The pellets contain glucose in combination with an osmotically active ingredient and are coated with an ethylcellulose dispersion, which forms an insoluble semipermeable membrane and ensures delayed release. 27279068 7 13 theme min 968:970 arg1 times 943:947 Lag times 939:947 Lag times of 60, 240 and 360 min 939:970 Lag times of 60, 240 and 360 min were achieved. 27279068 4 14 with combination 508:518 arg1 ingredient 547:556 an osmotically active ingredient 525:556 an osmotically active ingredient 525:556 The pellets contain glucose in combination with an osmotically active ingredient and are coated with an ethylcellulose dispersion, which forms an insoluble semipermeable membrane and ensures delayed release. 27279068 0 15 theme Coated 0:5 arg1 pellets 7:13 Coated pellets 0:13 Coated pellets with delayed-release glucose for prevention of hypoglycemic episodes 0:82 Coated pellets with delayed-release glucose for prevention of hypoglycemic episodes. 27279068 7 16 theme 360 964:966 arg1 min 968:970 60, 240 and 360 min 952:970 min 968:970 Lag times of 60, 240 and 360 min were achieved. 27279068 1 17 theme fatal 206:210 arg1 consequences 212:223 potentially fatal consequences 194:223 potentially fatal consequences 194:223 Patients tend to prevent hypoglycemia by excessive saccharide intake leading to poorer glycemic control with potentially fatal consequences. 27279068 0 18 theme delayed-release 20:34 arg1 glucose 36:42 delayed-release glucose 20:42 delayed-release glucose 20:42 Coated pellets with delayed-release glucose for prevention of hypoglycemic episodes. 27279068 8 19 contain containing 998:1007 arg1 sample 991:996 The sample 987:996 The sample containing carboxymethyl starch 987:1028 The sample containing carboxymethyl starch was found to be most suitable for the intent of this work. 27279068 8 19 contain containing 998:1007 arg2 starch 1023:1028 carboxymethyl starch 1009:1028 carboxymethyl starch 1009:1028 The sample containing carboxymethyl starch was found to be most suitable for the intent of this work. 27279068 8 19 contain containing 998:1007 arg1 suitable 1051:1058 suitable 1051:1058 suitable 1051:1058 The sample containing carboxymethyl starch was found to be most suitable for the intent of this work. 27279068 6 20 theme requested 847:855 arg1 time 861:864 the requested lag time 843:864 the requested lag time using a combination of adequate compositions and coating concentrations 843:936 Dissolution profiles indicated the possibility of achieving the requested lag time using a combination of adequate compositions and coating concentrations. 27279068 3 21 theme secondary 452:460 arg1 complications 462:474 secondary complications 452:474 secondary complications 452:474 No glucose is released before; hence there is no risk of hyperglycemia and secondary complications. 27279068 6 22 theme concentrations 923:936 arg1 combination 874:884 a combination 872:884 a combination of adequate compositions and coating concentrations 872:936 Dissolution profiles indicated the possibility of achieving the requested lag time using a combination of adequate compositions and coating concentrations. 27279068 1 23 theme glycemic 172:179 arg1 control 181:187 poorer glycemic control 165:187 poorer glycemic control with potentially fatal consequences 165:223 Patients tend to prevent hypoglycemia by excessive saccharide intake leading to poorer glycemic control with potentially fatal consequences. 27279068 3 24 theme complications 462:474 arg1 risk 426:429 no risk 423:429 no risk of hyperglycemia and secondary complications 423:474 No glucose is released before; hence there is no risk of hyperglycemia and secondary complications. 27279068 4 25 contain contain 489:495 arg1 pellets 481:487 The pellets 477:487 The pellets 477:487 The pellets contain glucose in combination with an osmotically active ingredient and are coated with an ethylcellulose dispersion, which forms an insoluble semipermeable membrane and ensures delayed release. 27279068 4 25 contain contain 489:495 arg1 combination 508:518 combination 508:518 combination with an osmotically active ingredient 508:556 The pellets contain glucose in combination with an osmotically active ingredient and are coated with an ethylcellulose dispersion, which forms an insoluble semipermeable membrane and ensures delayed release. 27279068 4 25 contain contain 489:495 arg2 glucose 497:503 glucose 497:503 glucose 497:503 The pellets contain glucose in combination with an osmotically active ingredient and are coated with an ethylcellulose dispersion, which forms an insoluble semipermeable membrane and ensures delayed release. 27279068 4 25 contain contain 489:495 arg2 pellets 481:487 The pellets 477:487 The pellets 477:487 The pellets contain glucose in combination with an osmotically active ingredient and are coated with an ethylcellulose dispersion, which forms an insoluble semipermeable membrane and ensures delayed release. 27279068 6 26 theme coating 915:921 arg1 concentrations 923:936 coating concentrations 915:936 coating concentrations 915:936 Dissolution profiles indicated the possibility of achieving the requested lag time using a combination of adequate compositions and coating concentrations. 27279068 3 27 theme hyperglycemia 434:446 arg1 risk 426:429 no risk 423:429 no risk of hyperglycemia and secondary complications 423:474 No glucose is released before; hence there is no risk of hyperglycemia and secondary complications. 27279068 2 28 with pellets 269:275 arg1 release 290:296 glucose release 282:296 glucose release delayed by 120-360 min as a compensation of the antidiabetic drug peak effect 282:374 This problem could be resolved by means of pellets with glucose release delayed by 120-360 min as a compensation of the antidiabetic drug peak effect. 27279068 6 29 theme compositions 898:909 arg1 combination 874:884 a combination 872:884 a combination of adequate compositions and coating concentrations 872:936 Dissolution profiles indicated the possibility of achieving the requested lag time using a combination of adequate compositions and coating concentrations. 27279068 5 30 theme glucose 700:706 arg1 release 689:695 The release 685:695 The release of glucose 685:706 The release of glucose was assessed using dissolution and high-performance liquid chromatography. 27279068 2 31 theme antidiabetic 346:357 arg1 effect 369:374 the antidiabetic drug peak effect 342:374 the antidiabetic drug peak effect 342:374 This problem could be resolved by means of pellets with glucose release delayed by 120-360 min as a compensation of the antidiabetic drug peak effect. 27279068 6 32 theme adequate 889:896 arg1 compositions 898:909 adequate compositions 889:909 adequate compositions 889:909 Dissolution profiles indicated the possibility of achieving the requested lag time using a combination of adequate compositions and coating concentrations. 27279068 0 33 with pellets 7:13 arg1 glucose 36:42 delayed-release glucose 20:42 delayed-release glucose 20:42 Coated pellets with delayed-release glucose for prevention of hypoglycemic episodes. 27279068 1 34 theme excessive 126:134 arg1 intake 147:152 excessive saccharide intake 126:152 excessive saccharide intake leading to poorer glycemic control with potentially fatal consequences 126:223 Patients tend to prevent hypoglycemia by excessive saccharide intake leading to poorer glycemic control with potentially fatal consequences. 27279068 4 35 theme active 540:545 arg1 ingredient 547:556 an osmotically active ingredient 525:556 an osmotically active ingredient 525:556 The pellets contain glucose in combination with an osmotically active ingredient and are coated with an ethylcellulose dispersion, which forms an insoluble semipermeable membrane and ensures delayed release. 27279068 1 36 with control 181:187 arg1 consequences 212:223 potentially fatal consequences 194:223 potentially fatal consequences 194:223 Patients tend to prevent hypoglycemia by excessive saccharide intake leading to poorer glycemic control with potentially fatal consequences. 27279068 6 37 theme Dissolution 783:793 arg1 profiles 795:802 Dissolution profiles 783:802 Dissolution profiles 783:802 Dissolution profiles indicated the possibility of achieving the requested lag time using a combination of adequate compositions and coating concentrations. 27279068 1 38 theme saccharide 136:145 arg1 intake 147:152 excessive saccharide intake 126:152 excessive saccharide intake leading to poorer glycemic control with potentially fatal consequences 126:223 Patients tend to prevent hypoglycemia by excessive saccharide intake leading to poorer glycemic control with potentially fatal consequences. 27279068 7 39 theme 60 952:953 arg1 min 968:970 60, 240 and 360 min 952:970 min 968:970 Lag times of 60, 240 and 360 min were achieved. 27279068 0 40 theme episodes 75:82 arg1 prevention 48:57 prevention 48:57 prevention of hypoglycemic episodes 48:82 Coated pellets with delayed-release glucose for prevention of hypoglycemic episodes. 27279068 4 41 theme insoluble 623:631 arg1 membrane 647:654 an insoluble semipermeable membrane 620:654 an insoluble semipermeable membrane 620:654 The pellets contain glucose in combination with an osmotically active ingredient and are coated with an ethylcellulose dispersion, which forms an insoluble semipermeable membrane and ensures delayed release. 27279068 0 42 theme hypoglycemic 62:73 arg1 episodes 75:82 hypoglycemic episodes 62:82 hypoglycemic episodes 62:82 Coated pellets with delayed-release glucose for prevention of hypoglycemic episodes. 27279068 2 43 theme effect 369:374 arg1 compensation 326:337 a compensation 324:337 a compensation of the antidiabetic drug peak effect 324:374 This problem could be resolved by means of pellets with glucose release delayed by 120-360 min as a compensation of the antidiabetic drug peak effect. 28521989 1 0 theme prevalent 141:149 arg1 disorder 167:174 the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorder 132:174 the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorder 132:174 Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorder and the leading cause of joint disability in elderly patients. 28521989 1 0 theme prevalent 141:149 arg1 Osteoarthritis 109:122 Osteoarthritis 109:122 Osteoarthritis (OA) 109:127 Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorder and the leading cause of joint disability in elderly patients. 28521989 4 1 theme Cell 582:585 arg1 studies 637:643 Cell proliferation test, RT-PCR and preliminary animal studies 582:643 studies 637:643 Cell proliferation test, RT-PCR and preliminary animal studies were conducted to evaluate the clinical potential of SrCS on OA treatment. 28521989 0 2 theme capability 69:78 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis of strontium chondroitin sulfate 0:41 Synthesis of strontium chondroitin sulfate and the evaluation of its capability to attenuate osteoarthritis. 28521989 0 2 theme capability 69:78 arg1 evaluation 51:60 the evaluation 47:60 the evaluation of its capability to attenuate osteoarthritis 47:106 Synthesis of strontium chondroitin sulfate and the evaluation of its capability to attenuate osteoarthritis. 28521989 9 3 theme OA 1486:1487 arg1 management 1498:1507 OA clinical management 1486:1507 OA clinical management as well as a beneficial component for various biomaterials in cartilage tissue engineering 1486:1598 We therefore believed that the SrCS should be a rather effective chemical for OA clinical management as well as a beneficial component for various biomaterials in cartilage tissue engineering. 28521989 2 4 theme ion 333:335 arg1 complex 337:343 a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex 306:343 a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex that is the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management 306:470 In this study, we fabricated strontium chondroitin sulfate (SrCS), a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex that is the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management. 28521989 2 4 theme ion 333:335 arg1 combination 357:367 the combination 353:367 the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management 353:470 In this study, we fabricated strontium chondroitin sulfate (SrCS), a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex that is the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management. 28521989 2 4 theme ion 333:335 arg1 sulfate 290:296 strontium chondroitin sulfate 268:296 strontium chondroitin sulfate (SrCS) 268:303 In this study, we fabricated strontium chondroitin sulfate (SrCS), a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex that is the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management. 28521989 5 5 theme materials 724:732 arg1 results 751:757 The materials characterization results 720:757 The materials characterization results 720:757 The materials characterization results verified that the Sr was successfully integrated into CS by replacing sodium in the original structure and formed a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex. 28521989 6 6 theme cell 917:920 arg1 proliferation 922:934 The cell proliferation 913:934 The cell proliferation 913:934 The cell proliferation results indicated that the SrCS has excellent biocompatibility for both chondrocyte and osteoblast. 28521989 7 7 dep IL-6 1193:1196 arg1 the 1189:1191 the 1189:1191 the 1189:1191 The RT-PCR results showed that the SrCS can significantly increase the expression of COLII and ACAN, decrease MMP1 and MMP13 in chondrocyte and decrease the IL-6 and IL-1β in both chondrocyte and osteoblast. 28521989 2 8 theme chondroitin 278:288 arg1 complex 337:343 a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex 306:343 a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex that is the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management 306:470 In this study, we fabricated strontium chondroitin sulfate (SrCS), a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex that is the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management. 28521989 2 8 theme chondroitin 278:288 arg1 SrCS 299:302 SrCS 299:302 SrCS 299:302 In this study, we fabricated strontium chondroitin sulfate (SrCS), a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex that is the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management. 28521989 2 8 theme chondroitin 278:288 arg1 combination 357:367 the combination 353:367 the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management 353:470 In this study, we fabricated strontium chondroitin sulfate (SrCS), a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex that is the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management. 28521989 2 8 theme chondroitin 278:288 arg1 sulfate 290:296 strontium chondroitin sulfate 268:296 strontium chondroitin sulfate (SrCS) 268:303 In this study, we fabricated strontium chondroitin sulfate (SrCS), a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex that is the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management. 28521989 4 9 from potential 685:693 arg1 treatment 709:717 OA treatment 706:717 OA treatment 706:717 Cell proliferation test, RT-PCR and preliminary animal studies were conducted to evaluate the clinical potential of SrCS on OA treatment. 28521989 4 10 theme test 601:604 arg1 RT-PCR 607:612 Cell proliferation test, RT-PCR and preliminary animal studies 582:643 RT-PCR 607:612 Cell proliferation test, RT-PCR and preliminary animal studies were conducted to evaluate the clinical potential of SrCS on OA treatment. 28521989 5 11 theme characterization 734:749 arg1 results 751:757 The materials characterization results 720:757 The materials characterization results 720:757 The materials characterization results verified that the Sr was successfully integrated into CS by replacing sodium in the original structure and formed a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex. 28521989 2 12 from chemicals 436:444 arg1 management 461:470 OA clinical management 449:470 OA clinical management 449:470 In this study, we fabricated strontium chondroitin sulfate (SrCS), a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex that is the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management. 28521989 3 13 theme as-fabricated 529:541 arg1 SrCS 543:546 as-fabricated SrCS 529:546 as-fabricated SrCS 529:546 The structural, chemical compositions and morphology of as-fabricated SrCS were systematically investigated. 28521989 2 14 theme strontium 268:276 arg1 complex 337:343 a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex 306:343 a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex that is the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management 306:470 In this study, we fabricated strontium chondroitin sulfate (SrCS), a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex that is the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management. 28521989 2 14 theme strontium 268:276 arg1 SrCS 299:302 SrCS 299:302 SrCS 299:302 In this study, we fabricated strontium chondroitin sulfate (SrCS), a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex that is the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management. 28521989 2 14 theme strontium 268:276 arg1 combination 357:367 the combination 353:367 the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management 353:470 In this study, we fabricated strontium chondroitin sulfate (SrCS), a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex that is the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management. 28521989 2 14 theme strontium 268:276 arg1 sulfate 290:296 strontium chondroitin sulfate 268:296 strontium chondroitin sulfate (SrCS) 268:303 In this study, we fabricated strontium chondroitin sulfate (SrCS), a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex that is the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management. 28521989 4 15 theme proliferation 587:599 arg1 studies 637:643 Cell proliferation test, RT-PCR and preliminary animal studies 582:643 studies 637:643 Cell proliferation test, RT-PCR and preliminary animal studies were conducted to evaluate the clinical potential of SrCS on OA treatment. 28521989 4 16 theme SrCS 698:701 arg1 potential 685:693 the clinical potential 672:693 the clinical potential of SrCS on OA treatment 672:717 Cell proliferation test, RT-PCR and preliminary animal studies were conducted to evaluate the clinical potential of SrCS on OA treatment. 28521989 8 17 theme articular 1323:1331 arg1 cartilage 1333:1341 the articular cartilage 1319:1341 the articular cartilage formation 1319:1351 Preliminary animal studies demonstrated that SrCS can effectively simulate the articular cartilage formation in SD-rats after modified Hulth's OA modeling surgery. 28521989 5 18 theme original 843:850 arg1 structure 852:860 the original structure 839:860 the original structure 839:860 The materials characterization results verified that the Sr was successfully integrated into CS by replacing sodium in the original structure and formed a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex. 28521989 4 19 theme animal 630:635 arg1 studies 637:643 Cell proliferation test, RT-PCR and preliminary animal studies 582:643 studies 637:643 Cell proliferation test, RT-PCR and preliminary animal studies were conducted to evaluate the clinical potential of SrCS on OA treatment. 28521989 8 20 theme modeling 1390:1397 arg1 surgery 1399:1405 modified Hulth's OA modeling surgery 1370:1405 modified Hulth's OA modeling surgery 1370:1405 Preliminary animal studies demonstrated that SrCS can effectively simulate the articular cartilage formation in SD-rats after modified Hulth's OA modeling surgery. 28521989 5 21 theme new 875:877 arg1 complex 904:910 a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex 873:910 a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex 873:910 The materials characterization results verified that the Sr was successfully integrated into CS by replacing sodium in the original structure and formed a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex. 28521989 2 22 theme chondroitin 372:382 arg1 chemicals 436:444 two widely adopted chemicals 417:444 two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management 417:470 In this study, we fabricated strontium chondroitin sulfate (SrCS), a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex that is the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management. 28521989 2 22 theme chondroitin 372:382 arg1 strontium 396:404 strontium 396:404 strontium 396:404 In this study, we fabricated strontium chondroitin sulfate (SrCS), a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex that is the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management. 28521989 2 22 theme chondroitin 372:382 arg1 sulfate 384:390 chondroitin sulfate 372:390 chondroitin sulfate 372:390 In this study, we fabricated strontium chondroitin sulfate (SrCS), a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex that is the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management. 28521989 6 23 dep results 936:942 arg1 indicated 944:952 indicated 944:952 results indicated that the SrCS has excellent biocompatibility for both chondrocyte and osteoblast 936:1033 The cell proliferation results indicated that the SrCS has excellent biocompatibility for both chondrocyte and osteoblast. 28521989 7 24 from IL-6 1193:1196 arg1 osteoblast 1232:1241 osteoblast 1232:1241 osteoblast 1232:1241 The RT-PCR results showed that the SrCS can significantly increase the expression of COLII and ACAN, decrease MMP1 and MMP13 in chondrocyte and decrease the IL-6 and IL-1β in both chondrocyte and osteoblast. 28521989 7 24 from IL-6 1193:1196 arg1 chondrocyte 1216:1226 chondrocyte 1216:1226 chondrocyte 1216:1226 The RT-PCR results showed that the SrCS can significantly increase the expression of COLII and ACAN, decrease MMP1 and MMP13 in chondrocyte and decrease the IL-6 and IL-1β in both chondrocyte and osteoblast. 28521989 7 25 theme ACAN 1131:1134 arg1 expression 1107:1116 the expression 1103:1116 the expression of COLII and ACAN 1103:1134 The RT-PCR results showed that the SrCS can significantly increase the expression of COLII and ACAN, decrease MMP1 and MMP13 in chondrocyte and decrease the IL-6 and IL-1β in both chondrocyte and osteoblast. 28521989 8 26 theme OA 1387:1388 arg1 surgery 1399:1405 modified Hulth's OA modeling surgery 1370:1405 modified Hulth's OA modeling surgery 1370:1405 Preliminary animal studies demonstrated that SrCS can effectively simulate the articular cartilage formation in SD-rats after modified Hulth's OA modeling surgery. 28521989 8 27 theme animal 1256:1261 arg1 studies 1263:1269 Preliminary animal studies 1244:1269 Preliminary animal studies 1244:1269 Preliminary animal studies demonstrated that SrCS can effectively simulate the articular cartilage formation in SD-rats after modified Hulth's OA modeling surgery. 28521989 2 28 theme clinical 452:459 arg1 management 461:470 OA clinical management 449:470 OA clinical management 449:470 In this study, we fabricated strontium chondroitin sulfate (SrCS), a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex that is the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management. 28521989 9 29 from component 1533:1541 arg1 engineering 1588:1598 cartilage tissue engineering 1571:1598 cartilage tissue engineering 1571:1598 We therefore believed that the SrCS should be a rather effective chemical for OA clinical management as well as a beneficial component for various biomaterials in cartilage tissue engineering. 28521989 3 30 dep structural 477:486 arg1 chemical 489:496 chemical 489:496 chemical 489:496 The structural, chemical compositions and morphology of as-fabricated SrCS were systematically investigated. 28521989 4 31 theme clinical 676:683 arg1 potential 685:693 the clinical potential 672:693 the clinical potential of SrCS on OA treatment 672:717 Cell proliferation test, RT-PCR and preliminary animal studies were conducted to evaluate the clinical potential of SrCS on OA treatment. 28521989 7 32 theme COLII 1121:1125 arg1 expression 1107:1116 the expression 1103:1116 the expression of COLII and ACAN 1103:1134 The RT-PCR results showed that the SrCS can significantly increase the expression of COLII and ACAN, decrease MMP1 and MMP13 in chondrocyte and decrease the IL-6 and IL-1β in both chondrocyte and osteoblast. 28521989 1 33 theme leading 184:190 arg1 cause 192:196 the leading cause 180:196 the leading cause of joint disability in elderly patients 180:236 Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorder and the leading cause of joint disability in elderly patients. 28521989 0 34 theme chondroitin 23:33 arg1 sulfate 35:41 strontium chondroitin sulfate 13:41 strontium chondroitin sulfate 13:41 Synthesis of strontium chondroitin sulfate and the evaluation of its capability to attenuate osteoarthritis. 28521989 3 35 theme SrCS 543:546 arg1 morphology 515:524 morphology 515:524 morphology of as-fabricated SrCS 515:546 The structural, chemical compositions and morphology of as-fabricated SrCS were systematically investigated. 28521989 3 35 theme SrCS 543:546 arg1 compositions 498:509 The structural, chemical compositions 473:509 The structural, chemical compositions 473:509 The structural, chemical compositions and morphology of as-fabricated SrCS were systematically investigated. 28521989 9 36 theme clinical 1489:1496 arg1 management 1498:1507 OA clinical management 1486:1507 OA clinical management as well as a beneficial component for various biomaterials in cartilage tissue engineering 1486:1598 We therefore believed that the SrCS should be a rather effective chemical for OA clinical management as well as a beneficial component for various biomaterials in cartilage tissue engineering. 28521989 0 37 theme strontium 13:21 arg1 sulfate 35:41 strontium chondroitin sulfate 13:41 strontium chondroitin sulfate 13:41 Synthesis of strontium chondroitin sulfate and the evaluation of its capability to attenuate osteoarthritis. 28521989 7 38 from IL-1β 1202:1206 arg1 osteoblast 1232:1241 osteoblast 1232:1241 osteoblast 1232:1241 The RT-PCR results showed that the SrCS can significantly increase the expression of COLII and ACAN, decrease MMP1 and MMP13 in chondrocyte and decrease the IL-6 and IL-1β in both chondrocyte and osteoblast. 28521989 7 38 from IL-1β 1202:1206 arg1 chondrocyte 1216:1226 chondrocyte 1216:1226 chondrocyte 1216:1226 The RT-PCR results showed that the SrCS can significantly increase the expression of COLII and ACAN, decrease MMP1 and MMP13 in chondrocyte and decrease the IL-6 and IL-1β in both chondrocyte and osteoblast. 28521989 1 39 theme musculoskeletal 151:165 arg1 disorder 167:174 the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorder 132:174 the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorder 132:174 Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorder and the leading cause of joint disability in elderly patients. 28521989 1 39 theme musculoskeletal 151:165 arg1 Osteoarthritis 109:122 Osteoarthritis 109:122 Osteoarthritis (OA) 109:127 Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorder and the leading cause of joint disability in elderly patients. 28521989 2 40 theme strontium 396:404 arg1 complex 337:343 a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex 306:343 a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex that is the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management 306:470 In this study, we fabricated strontium chondroitin sulfate (SrCS), a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex that is the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management. 28521989 2 40 theme strontium 396:404 arg1 combination 357:367 the combination 353:367 the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management 353:470 In this study, we fabricated strontium chondroitin sulfate (SrCS), a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex that is the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management. 28521989 2 40 theme strontium 396:404 arg1 sulfate 290:296 strontium chondroitin sulfate 268:296 strontium chondroitin sulfate (SrCS) 268:303 In this study, we fabricated strontium chondroitin sulfate (SrCS), a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex that is the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management. 28521989 2 41 theme OA 449:450 arg1 management 461:470 OA clinical management 449:470 OA clinical management 449:470 In this study, we fabricated strontium chondroitin sulfate (SrCS), a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex that is the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management. 28521989 4 42 theme OA 706:707 arg1 treatment 709:717 OA treatment 706:717 OA treatment 706:717 Cell proliferation test, RT-PCR and preliminary animal studies were conducted to evaluate the clinical potential of SrCS on OA treatment. 28521989 6 43 theme excellent 972:980 arg1 biocompatibility 982:997 excellent biocompatibility 972:997 excellent biocompatibility for both chondrocyte and osteoblast 972:1033 The cell proliferation results indicated that the SrCS has excellent biocompatibility for both chondrocyte and osteoblast. 28521989 5 44 theme polysaccharide-metal 879:898 arg1 complex 904:910 a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex 873:910 a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex 873:910 The materials characterization results verified that the Sr was successfully integrated into CS by replacing sodium in the original structure and formed a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex. 28521989 1 45 theme joint 201:205 arg1 disability 207:216 joint disability 201:216 joint disability 201:216 Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorder and the leading cause of joint disability in elderly patients. 28521989 0 46 theme sulfate 35:41 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis of strontium chondroitin sulfate 0:41 Synthesis of strontium chondroitin sulfate and the evaluation of its capability to attenuate osteoarthritis. 28521989 0 46 theme sulfate 35:41 arg1 evaluation 51:60 the evaluation 47:60 the evaluation of its capability to attenuate osteoarthritis 47:106 Synthesis of strontium chondroitin sulfate and the evaluation of its capability to attenuate osteoarthritis. 28521989 1 47 theme disability 207:216 arg1 disorder 167:174 the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorder 132:174 the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorder 132:174 Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorder and the leading cause of joint disability in elderly patients. 28521989 1 47 theme disability 207:216 arg1 cause 192:196 the leading cause 180:196 the leading cause of joint disability in elderly patients 180:236 Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorder and the leading cause of joint disability in elderly patients. 28521989 1 47 theme disability 207:216 arg1 Osteoarthritis 109:122 Osteoarthritis 109:122 Osteoarthritis (OA) 109:127 Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorder and the leading cause of joint disability in elderly patients. 28521989 8 48 theme Preliminary 1244:1254 arg1 studies 1263:1269 Preliminary animal studies 1244:1269 Preliminary animal studies 1244:1269 Preliminary animal studies demonstrated that SrCS can effectively simulate the articular cartilage formation in SD-rats after modified Hulth's OA modeling surgery. 28521989 3 49 theme structural 477:486 arg1 compositions 498:509 The structural, chemical compositions 473:509 The structural, chemical compositions 473:509 The structural, chemical compositions and morphology of as-fabricated SrCS were systematically investigated. 28521989 9 50 theme various 1547:1553 arg1 biomaterials 1555:1566 various biomaterials 1547:1566 various biomaterials 1547:1566 We therefore believed that the SrCS should be a rather effective chemical for OA clinical management as well as a beneficial component for various biomaterials in cartilage tissue engineering. 28521989 2 51 theme polysaccharide-metal 312:331 arg1 complex 337:343 a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex 306:343 a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex that is the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management 306:470 In this study, we fabricated strontium chondroitin sulfate (SrCS), a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex that is the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management. 28521989 2 51 theme polysaccharide-metal 312:331 arg1 combination 357:367 the combination 353:367 the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management 353:470 In this study, we fabricated strontium chondroitin sulfate (SrCS), a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex that is the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management. 28521989 2 51 theme polysaccharide-metal 312:331 arg1 sulfate 290:296 strontium chondroitin sulfate 268:296 strontium chondroitin sulfate (SrCS) 268:303 In this study, we fabricated strontium chondroitin sulfate (SrCS), a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex that is the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management. 28521989 2 52 theme adopted 428:434 arg1 chemicals 436:444 two widely adopted chemicals 417:444 two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management 417:470 In this study, we fabricated strontium chondroitin sulfate (SrCS), a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex that is the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management. 28521989 2 52 theme adopted 428:434 arg1 strontium 396:404 strontium 396:404 strontium 396:404 In this study, we fabricated strontium chondroitin sulfate (SrCS), a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex that is the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management. 28521989 2 52 theme adopted 428:434 arg1 sulfate 384:390 chondroitin sulfate 372:390 chondroitin sulfate 372:390 In this study, we fabricated strontium chondroitin sulfate (SrCS), a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex that is the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management. 28521989 7 53 from MMP1 1146:1149 arg1 chondrocyte 1164:1174 chondrocyte 1164:1174 chondrocyte 1164:1174 The RT-PCR results showed that the SrCS can significantly increase the expression of COLII and ACAN, decrease MMP1 and MMP13 in chondrocyte and decrease the IL-6 and IL-1β in both chondrocyte and osteoblast. 28521989 1 54 from cause 192:196 arg1 patients 229:236 elderly patients 221:236 elderly patients 221:236 Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorder and the leading cause of joint disability in elderly patients. 28521989 2 55 theme new 308:310 arg1 complex 337:343 a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex 306:343 a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex that is the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management 306:470 In this study, we fabricated strontium chondroitin sulfate (SrCS), a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex that is the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management. 28521989 2 55 theme new 308:310 arg1 combination 357:367 the combination 353:367 the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management 353:470 In this study, we fabricated strontium chondroitin sulfate (SrCS), a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex that is the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management. 28521989 2 55 theme new 308:310 arg1 sulfate 290:296 strontium chondroitin sulfate 268:296 strontium chondroitin sulfate (SrCS) 268:303 In this study, we fabricated strontium chondroitin sulfate (SrCS), a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex that is the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management. 28521989 7 56 theme RT-PCR 1040:1045 arg1 results 1047:1053 The RT-PCR results 1036:1053 The RT-PCR results 1036:1053 The RT-PCR results showed that the SrCS can significantly increase the expression of COLII and ACAN, decrease MMP1 and MMP13 in chondrocyte and decrease the IL-6 and IL-1β in both chondrocyte and osteoblast. 28521989 9 57 theme beneficial 1522:1531 arg1 component 1533:1541 a beneficial component 1520:1541 OA clinical management as well as a beneficial component for various biomaterials in cartilage tissue engineering 1486:1598 We therefore believed that the SrCS should be a rather effective chemical for OA clinical management as well as a beneficial component for various biomaterials in cartilage tissue engineering. 28521989 4 58 theme RT-PCR 607:612 arg1 studies 637:643 Cell proliferation test, RT-PCR and preliminary animal studies 582:643 studies 637:643 Cell proliferation test, RT-PCR and preliminary animal studies were conducted to evaluate the clinical potential of SrCS on OA treatment. 28521989 9 59 from management 1498:1507 arg1 engineering 1588:1598 cartilage tissue engineering 1571:1598 cartilage tissue engineering 1571:1598 We therefore believed that the SrCS should be a rather effective chemical for OA clinical management as well as a beneficial component for various biomaterials in cartilage tissue engineering. 28521989 9 60 theme cartilage 1571:1579 arg1 engineering 1588:1598 cartilage tissue engineering 1571:1598 cartilage tissue engineering 1571:1598 We therefore believed that the SrCS should be a rather effective chemical for OA clinical management as well as a beneficial component for various biomaterials in cartilage tissue engineering. 28521989 8 61 theme cartilage 1333:1341 arg1 formation 1343:1351 the articular cartilage formation 1319:1351 the articular cartilage formation 1319:1351 Preliminary animal studies demonstrated that SrCS can effectively simulate the articular cartilage formation in SD-rats after modified Hulth's OA modeling surgery. 28521989 8 62 theme modified 1370:1377 arg1 surgery 1399:1405 modified Hulth's OA modeling surgery 1370:1405 modified Hulth's OA modeling surgery 1370:1405 Preliminary animal studies demonstrated that SrCS can effectively simulate the articular cartilage formation in SD-rats after modified Hulth's OA modeling surgery. 28521989 1 63 theme elderly 221:227 arg1 patients 229:236 elderly patients 221:236 elderly patients 221:236 Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorder and the leading cause of joint disability in elderly patients. 28521989 2 64 theme sulfate 384:390 arg1 complex 337:343 a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex 306:343 a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex that is the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management 306:470 In this study, we fabricated strontium chondroitin sulfate (SrCS), a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex that is the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management. 28521989 2 64 theme sulfate 384:390 arg1 combination 357:367 the combination 353:367 the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management 353:470 In this study, we fabricated strontium chondroitin sulfate (SrCS), a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex that is the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management. 28521989 2 64 theme sulfate 384:390 arg1 sulfate 290:296 strontium chondroitin sulfate 268:296 strontium chondroitin sulfate (SrCS) 268:303 In this study, we fabricated strontium chondroitin sulfate (SrCS), a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex that is the combination of chondroitin sulfate and strontium, which are two widely adopted chemicals in OA clinical management. 28521989 5 65 theme ion 900:902 arg1 complex 904:910 a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex 873:910 a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex 873:910 The materials characterization results verified that the Sr was successfully integrated into CS by replacing sodium in the original structure and formed a new polysaccharide-metal ion complex. 28521989 4 66 theme preliminary 618:628 arg1 studies 637:643 Cell proliferation test, RT-PCR and preliminary animal studies 582:643 studies 637:643 Cell proliferation test, RT-PCR and preliminary animal studies were conducted to evaluate the clinical potential of SrCS on OA treatment. 28521989 7 67 from MMP13 1155:1159 arg1 chondrocyte 1164:1174 chondrocyte 1164:1174 chondrocyte 1164:1174 The RT-PCR results showed that the SrCS can significantly increase the expression of COLII and ACAN, decrease MMP1 and MMP13 in chondrocyte and decrease the IL-6 and IL-1β in both chondrocyte and osteoblast. 28521989 6 68 contain has 968:970 arg1 SrCS 963:966 the SrCS 959:966 the SrCS 959:966 The cell proliferation results indicated that the SrCS has excellent biocompatibility for both chondrocyte and osteoblast. 28521989 6 68 contain has 968:970 arg2 biocompatibility 982:997 excellent biocompatibility 972:997 excellent biocompatibility for both chondrocyte and osteoblast 972:1033 The cell proliferation results indicated that the SrCS has excellent biocompatibility for both chondrocyte and osteoblast. 28521989 1 69 from disorder 167:174 arg1 patients 229:236 elderly patients 221:236 elderly patients 221:236 Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorder and the leading cause of joint disability in elderly patients. 28521989 9 70 theme tissue 1581:1586 arg1 engineering 1588:1598 cartilage tissue engineering 1571:1598 cartilage tissue engineering 1571:1598 We therefore believed that the SrCS should be a rather effective chemical for OA clinical management as well as a beneficial component for various biomaterials in cartilage tissue engineering. 26304453 1 0 theme rice 298:301 arg1 bean 303:306 rice bean 298:306 rice bean 298:306 The objective of this study was to understand the factors underlying the susceptibility of pulse (lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean, velvet bean, and wrinkled pea) and hylon VII starches towards in vitro hydrolysis by the combined action of pancreatin and amyloglucosidase. 26304453 3 1 theme starch 657:662 arg1 chains 664:669 starch chains 657:669 starch chains (polarized light) 657:687 Changes to molecular order, crystallinity, double helical content, radial orientation of starch chains (polarized light), enthalpy and apparent amylose content during the progress of hydrolysis showed that rate and extent of hydrolysis were influenced both by the structure of the native starches at different levels (molecular, mesoscopic, microscopic) of granule organization, and by the extent of retrogradation between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 3 1 theme starch 657:662 arg1 light 682:686 polarized light 672:686 polarized light 672:686 Changes to molecular order, crystallinity, double helical content, radial orientation of starch chains (polarized light), enthalpy and apparent amylose content during the progress of hydrolysis showed that rate and extent of hydrolysis were influenced both by the structure of the native starches at different levels (molecular, mesoscopic, microscopic) of granule organization, and by the extent of retrogradation between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 3 2 theme radial 635:640 arg1 orientation 642:652 radial orientation 635:652 radial orientation of starch chains (polarized light) 635:687 Changes to molecular order, crystallinity, double helical content, radial orientation of starch chains (polarized light), enthalpy and apparent amylose content during the progress of hydrolysis showed that rate and extent of hydrolysis were influenced both by the structure of the native starches at different levels (molecular, mesoscopic, microscopic) of granule organization, and by the extent of retrogradation between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 3 3 theme helical 618:624 arg1 content 626:632 double helical content 611:632 double helical content 611:632 Changes to molecular order, crystallinity, double helical content, radial orientation of starch chains (polarized light), enthalpy and apparent amylose content during the progress of hydrolysis showed that rate and extent of hydrolysis were influenced both by the structure of the native starches at different levels (molecular, mesoscopic, microscopic) of granule organization, and by the extent of retrogradation between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 0 4 theme starch 161:166 arg1 chains 168:173 hydrolysed starch chains 150:173 hydrolysed starch chains 150:173 In vitro amylolysis of pulse and hylon VII starches explained in terms of their composition, morphology, granule architecture and interaction between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 1 5 theme VII 363:365 arg1 starches 367:374 pulse (lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean, velvet bean, and wrinkled pea) and hylon VII starches 267:374 starches 367:374 The objective of this study was to understand the factors underlying the susceptibility of pulse (lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean, velvet bean, and wrinkled pea) and hylon VII starches towards in vitro hydrolysis by the combined action of pancreatin and amyloglucosidase. 26304453 1 6 dep pulse 267:271 arg1 bean 292:295 navy bean 287:295 navy bean 287:295 The objective of this study was to understand the factors underlying the susceptibility of pulse (lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean, velvet bean, and wrinkled pea) and hylon VII starches towards in vitro hydrolysis by the combined action of pancreatin and amyloglucosidase. 26304453 1 6 dep pulse 267:271 arg1 bean 316:319 tepary bean 309:319 tepary bean 309:319 The objective of this study was to understand the factors underlying the susceptibility of pulse (lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean, velvet bean, and wrinkled pea) and hylon VII starches towards in vitro hydrolysis by the combined action of pancreatin and amyloglucosidase. 26304453 1 6 dep pulse 267:271 arg1 pea 348:350 wrinkled pea 339:350 wrinkled pea 339:350 The objective of this study was to understand the factors underlying the susceptibility of pulse (lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean, velvet bean, and wrinkled pea) and hylon VII starches towards in vitro hydrolysis by the combined action of pancreatin and amyloglucosidase. 26304453 1 6 dep pulse 267:271 arg1 bean 303:306 rice bean 298:306 rice bean 298:306 The objective of this study was to understand the factors underlying the susceptibility of pulse (lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean, velvet bean, and wrinkled pea) and hylon VII starches towards in vitro hydrolysis by the combined action of pancreatin and amyloglucosidase. 26304453 1 6 dep pulse 267:271 arg1 bean 329:332 velvet bean 322:332 velvet bean 322:332 The objective of this study was to understand the factors underlying the susceptibility of pulse (lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean, velvet bean, and wrinkled pea) and hylon VII starches towards in vitro hydrolysis by the combined action of pancreatin and amyloglucosidase. 26304453 1 6 dep pulse 267:271 arg1 bean 281:284 lablab bean 274:284 lablab bean 274:284 The objective of this study was to understand the factors underlying the susceptibility of pulse (lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean, velvet bean, and wrinkled pea) and hylon VII starches towards in vitro hydrolysis by the combined action of pancreatin and amyloglucosidase. 26304453 1 7 theme starches 367:374 arg1 susceptibility 249:262 the susceptibility 245:262 the susceptibility of pulse (lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean, velvet bean, and wrinkled pea) and hylon VII starches towards in vitro hydrolysis by the combined action of pancreatin and amyloglucosidase 245:460 The objective of this study was to understand the factors underlying the susceptibility of pulse (lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean, velvet bean, and wrinkled pea) and hylon VII starches towards in vitro hydrolysis by the combined action of pancreatin and amyloglucosidase. 26304453 1 8 theme tepary 309:314 arg1 bean 316:319 tepary bean 309:319 tepary bean 309:319 The objective of this study was to understand the factors underlying the susceptibility of pulse (lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean, velvet bean, and wrinkled pea) and hylon VII starches towards in vitro hydrolysis by the combined action of pancreatin and amyloglucosidase. 26304453 2 9 theme hydrolysis 510:519 arg1 level 501:505 an equivalent level 487:505 an equivalent level of hydrolysis 487:519 The time taken to reach an equivalent level of hydrolysis (50%) varied significantly among the starches. 26304453 2 10 dep reach 481:485 arg1 % 524:524 50% 522:524 50% 522:524 The time taken to reach an equivalent level of hydrolysis (50%) varied significantly among the starches. 26304453 3 11 theme retrogradation 968:981 arg1 extent 958:963 the extent 954:963 the extent of retrogradation between hydrolysed starch chains 954:1014 Changes to molecular order, crystallinity, double helical content, radial orientation of starch chains (polarized light), enthalpy and apparent amylose content during the progress of hydrolysis showed that rate and extent of hydrolysis were influenced both by the structure of the native starches at different levels (molecular, mesoscopic, microscopic) of granule organization, and by the extent of retrogradation between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 1 12 theme in 384:385 arg1 hydrolysis 393:402 in vitro hydrolysis 384:402 in vitro hydrolysis by the combined action of pancreatin and amyloglucosidase 384:460 The objective of this study was to understand the factors underlying the susceptibility of pulse (lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean, velvet bean, and wrinkled pea) and hylon VII starches towards in vitro hydrolysis by the combined action of pancreatin and amyloglucosidase. 26304453 0 13 theme composition 80:90 arg1 terms 65:69 terms 65:69 terms of their composition, morphology, granule architecture and interaction between hydrolysed starch chains 65:173 In vitro amylolysis of pulse and hylon VII starches explained in terms of their composition, morphology, granule architecture and interaction between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 3 14 theme hydrolysed 991:1000 arg1 chains 1009:1014 hydrolysed starch chains 991:1014 hydrolysed starch chains 991:1014 Changes to molecular order, crystallinity, double helical content, radial orientation of starch chains (polarized light), enthalpy and apparent amylose content during the progress of hydrolysis showed that rate and extent of hydrolysis were influenced both by the structure of the native starches at different levels (molecular, mesoscopic, microscopic) of granule organization, and by the extent of retrogradation between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 3 15 theme granule 925:931 arg1 organization 933:944 granule organization 925:944 granule organization 925:944 Changes to molecular order, crystallinity, double helical content, radial orientation of starch chains (polarized light), enthalpy and apparent amylose content during the progress of hydrolysis showed that rate and extent of hydrolysis were influenced both by the structure of the native starches at different levels (molecular, mesoscopic, microscopic) of granule organization, and by the extent of retrogradation between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 3 16 theme hydrolysis 793:802 arg1 extent 783:788 extent 783:788 extent 783:788 Changes to molecular order, crystallinity, double helical content, radial orientation of starch chains (polarized light), enthalpy and apparent amylose content during the progress of hydrolysis showed that rate and extent of hydrolysis were influenced both by the structure of the native starches at different levels (molecular, mesoscopic, microscopic) of granule organization, and by the extent of retrogradation between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 3 16 theme hydrolysis 793:802 arg1 rate 774:777 rate 774:777 rate 774:777 Changes to molecular order, crystallinity, double helical content, radial orientation of starch chains (polarized light), enthalpy and apparent amylose content during the progress of hydrolysis showed that rate and extent of hydrolysis were influenced both by the structure of the native starches at different levels (molecular, mesoscopic, microscopic) of granule organization, and by the extent of retrogradation between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 3 17 theme polarized 672:680 arg1 chains 664:669 starch chains 657:669 starch chains (polarized light) 657:687 Changes to molecular order, crystallinity, double helical content, radial orientation of starch chains (polarized light), enthalpy and apparent amylose content during the progress of hydrolysis showed that rate and extent of hydrolysis were influenced both by the structure of the native starches at different levels (molecular, mesoscopic, microscopic) of granule organization, and by the extent of retrogradation between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 3 17 theme polarized 672:680 arg1 light 682:686 polarized light 672:686 polarized light 672:686 Changes to molecular order, crystallinity, double helical content, radial orientation of starch chains (polarized light), enthalpy and apparent amylose content during the progress of hydrolysis showed that rate and extent of hydrolysis were influenced both by the structure of the native starches at different levels (molecular, mesoscopic, microscopic) of granule organization, and by the extent of retrogradation between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 1 18 theme velvet 322:327 arg1 bean 329:332 velvet bean 322:332 velvet bean 322:332 The objective of this study was to understand the factors underlying the susceptibility of pulse (lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean, velvet bean, and wrinkled pea) and hylon VII starches towards in vitro hydrolysis by the combined action of pancreatin and amyloglucosidase. 26304453 3 19 theme organization 933:944 arg1 levels 878:883 different levels 868:883 different levels (molecular, mesoscopic, microscopic) of granule organization 868:944 Changes to molecular order, crystallinity, double helical content, radial orientation of starch chains (polarized light), enthalpy and apparent amylose content during the progress of hydrolysis showed that rate and extent of hydrolysis were influenced both by the structure of the native starches at different levels (molecular, mesoscopic, microscopic) of granule organization, and by the extent of retrogradation between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 0 20 theme In 0:1 arg1 amylolysis 9:18 In vitro amylolysis 0:18 In vitro amylolysis of pulse and hylon VII starches 0:50 In vitro amylolysis of pulse and hylon VII starches explained in terms of their composition, morphology, granule architecture and interaction between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 3 21 theme chains 664:669 arg1 orientation 642:652 radial orientation 635:652 radial orientation of starch chains (polarized light) 635:687 Changes to molecular order, crystallinity, double helical content, radial orientation of starch chains (polarized light), enthalpy and apparent amylose content during the progress of hydrolysis showed that rate and extent of hydrolysis were influenced both by the structure of the native starches at different levels (molecular, mesoscopic, microscopic) of granule organization, and by the extent of retrogradation between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 3 21 theme chains 664:669 arg1 crystallinity 596:608 crystallinity 596:608 crystallinity 596:608 Changes to molecular order, crystallinity, double helical content, radial orientation of starch chains (polarized light), enthalpy and apparent amylose content during the progress of hydrolysis showed that rate and extent of hydrolysis were influenced both by the structure of the native starches at different levels (molecular, mesoscopic, microscopic) of granule organization, and by the extent of retrogradation between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 3 21 theme chains 664:669 arg1 content 720:726 apparent amylose content 703:726 apparent amylose content 703:726 Changes to molecular order, crystallinity, double helical content, radial orientation of starch chains (polarized light), enthalpy and apparent amylose content during the progress of hydrolysis showed that rate and extent of hydrolysis were influenced both by the structure of the native starches at different levels (molecular, mesoscopic, microscopic) of granule organization, and by the extent of retrogradation between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 3 21 theme chains 664:669 arg1 enthalpy 690:697 enthalpy 690:697 enthalpy 690:697 Changes to molecular order, crystallinity, double helical content, radial orientation of starch chains (polarized light), enthalpy and apparent amylose content during the progress of hydrolysis showed that rate and extent of hydrolysis were influenced both by the structure of the native starches at different levels (molecular, mesoscopic, microscopic) of granule organization, and by the extent of retrogradation between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 3 21 theme chains 664:669 arg1 order 589:593 molecular order 579:593 molecular order 579:593 Changes to molecular order, crystallinity, double helical content, radial orientation of starch chains (polarized light), enthalpy and apparent amylose content during the progress of hydrolysis showed that rate and extent of hydrolysis were influenced both by the structure of the native starches at different levels (molecular, mesoscopic, microscopic) of granule organization, and by the extent of retrogradation between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 3 21 theme chains 664:669 arg1 content 626:632 double helical content 611:632 double helical content 611:632 Changes to molecular order, crystallinity, double helical content, radial orientation of starch chains (polarized light), enthalpy and apparent amylose content during the progress of hydrolysis showed that rate and extent of hydrolysis were influenced both by the structure of the native starches at different levels (molecular, mesoscopic, microscopic) of granule organization, and by the extent of retrogradation between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 3 22 theme molecular 579:587 arg1 order 589:593 molecular order 579:593 molecular order 579:593 Changes to molecular order, crystallinity, double helical content, radial orientation of starch chains (polarized light), enthalpy and apparent amylose content during the progress of hydrolysis showed that rate and extent of hydrolysis were influenced both by the structure of the native starches at different levels (molecular, mesoscopic, microscopic) of granule organization, and by the extent of retrogradation between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 3 23 from levels 878:883 arg1 starches 856:863 the native starches 845:863 the native starches at different levels (molecular, mesoscopic, microscopic) of granule organization 845:944 Changes to molecular order, crystallinity, double helical content, radial orientation of starch chains (polarized light), enthalpy and apparent amylose content during the progress of hydrolysis showed that rate and extent of hydrolysis were influenced both by the structure of the native starches at different levels (molecular, mesoscopic, microscopic) of granule organization, and by the extent of retrogradation between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 3 23 from levels 878:883 arg1 structure 832:840 the structure 828:840 the structure of the native starches at different levels (molecular, mesoscopic, microscopic) of granule organization 828:944 Changes to molecular order, crystallinity, double helical content, radial orientation of starch chains (polarized light), enthalpy and apparent amylose content during the progress of hydrolysis showed that rate and extent of hydrolysis were influenced both by the structure of the native starches at different levels (molecular, mesoscopic, microscopic) of granule organization, and by the extent of retrogradation between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 1 24 theme pulse 267:271 arg1 susceptibility 249:262 the susceptibility 245:262 the susceptibility of pulse (lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean, velvet bean, and wrinkled pea) and hylon VII starches towards in vitro hydrolysis by the combined action of pancreatin and amyloglucosidase 245:460 The objective of this study was to understand the factors underlying the susceptibility of pulse (lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean, velvet bean, and wrinkled pea) and hylon VII starches towards in vitro hydrolysis by the combined action of pancreatin and amyloglucosidase. 26304453 3 25 dep levels 878:883 arg1 molecular 886:894 molecular 886:894 molecular 886:894 Changes to molecular order, crystallinity, double helical content, radial orientation of starch chains (polarized light), enthalpy and apparent amylose content during the progress of hydrolysis showed that rate and extent of hydrolysis were influenced both by the structure of the native starches at different levels (molecular, mesoscopic, microscopic) of granule organization, and by the extent of retrogradation between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 3 26 theme starch 1002:1007 arg1 chains 1009:1014 hydrolysed starch chains 991:1014 hydrolysed starch chains 991:1014 Changes to molecular order, crystallinity, double helical content, radial orientation of starch chains (polarized light), enthalpy and apparent amylose content during the progress of hydrolysis showed that rate and extent of hydrolysis were influenced both by the structure of the native starches at different levels (molecular, mesoscopic, microscopic) of granule organization, and by the extent of retrogradation between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 0 27 theme morphology 93:102 arg1 terms 65:69 terms 65:69 terms of their composition, morphology, granule architecture and interaction between hydrolysed starch chains 65:173 In vitro amylolysis of pulse and hylon VII starches explained in terms of their composition, morphology, granule architecture and interaction between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 1 28 theme lablab 274:279 arg1 bean 281:284 lablab bean 274:284 lablab bean 274:284 The objective of this study was to understand the factors underlying the susceptibility of pulse (lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean, velvet bean, and wrinkled pea) and hylon VII starches towards in vitro hydrolysis by the combined action of pancreatin and amyloglucosidase. 26304453 0 29 theme architecture 113:124 arg1 terms 65:69 terms 65:69 terms of their composition, morphology, granule architecture and interaction between hydrolysed starch chains 65:173 In vitro amylolysis of pulse and hylon VII starches explained in terms of their composition, morphology, granule architecture and interaction between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 3 30 dep molecular 886:894 arg1 microscopic 909:919 microscopic 909:919 microscopic 909:919 Changes to molecular order, crystallinity, double helical content, radial orientation of starch chains (polarized light), enthalpy and apparent amylose content during the progress of hydrolysis showed that rate and extent of hydrolysis were influenced both by the structure of the native starches at different levels (molecular, mesoscopic, microscopic) of granule organization, and by the extent of retrogradation between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 3 30 dep molecular 886:894 arg1 mesoscopic 897:906 mesoscopic 897:906 mesoscopic 897:906 Changes to molecular order, crystallinity, double helical content, radial orientation of starch chains (polarized light), enthalpy and apparent amylose content during the progress of hydrolysis showed that rate and extent of hydrolysis were influenced both by the structure of the native starches at different levels (molecular, mesoscopic, microscopic) of granule organization, and by the extent of retrogradation between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 0 31 theme pulse 23:27 arg1 amylolysis 9:18 In vitro amylolysis 0:18 In vitro amylolysis of pulse and hylon VII starches 0:50 In vitro amylolysis of pulse and hylon VII starches explained in terms of their composition, morphology, granule architecture and interaction between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 0 32 theme granule 105:111 arg1 architecture 113:124 granule architecture 105:124 granule architecture 105:124 In vitro amylolysis of pulse and hylon VII starches explained in terms of their composition, morphology, granule architecture and interaction between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 1 33 theme combined 411:418 arg1 action 420:425 the combined action 407:425 the combined action of pancreatin and amyloglucosidase 407:460 The objective of this study was to understand the factors underlying the susceptibility of pulse (lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean, velvet bean, and wrinkled pea) and hylon VII starches towards in vitro hydrolysis by the combined action of pancreatin and amyloglucosidase. 26304453 1 34 theme study 198:202 arg1 objective 180:188 The objective 176:188 The objective of this study 176:202 The objective of this study was to understand the factors underlying the susceptibility of pulse (lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean, velvet bean, and wrinkled pea) and hylon VII starches towards in vitro hydrolysis by the combined action of pancreatin and amyloglucosidase. 26304453 0 35 theme VII 39:41 arg1 starches 43:50 hylon VII starches 33:50 hylon VII starches 33:50 In vitro amylolysis of pulse and hylon VII starches explained in terms of their composition, morphology, granule architecture and interaction between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 0 36 theme interaction 130:140 arg1 terms 65:69 terms 65:69 terms of their composition, morphology, granule architecture and interaction between hydrolysed starch chains 65:173 In vitro amylolysis of pulse and hylon VII starches explained in terms of their composition, morphology, granule architecture and interaction between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 1 37 theme wrinkled 339:346 arg1 pea 348:350 wrinkled pea 339:350 wrinkled pea 339:350 The objective of this study was to understand the factors underlying the susceptibility of pulse (lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean, velvet bean, and wrinkled pea) and hylon VII starches towards in vitro hydrolysis by the combined action of pancreatin and amyloglucosidase. 26304453 3 38 from structure 832:840 arg1 levels 878:883 different levels 868:883 different levels (molecular, mesoscopic, microscopic) of granule organization 868:944 Changes to molecular order, crystallinity, double helical content, radial orientation of starch chains (polarized light), enthalpy and apparent amylose content during the progress of hydrolysis showed that rate and extent of hydrolysis were influenced both by the structure of the native starches at different levels (molecular, mesoscopic, microscopic) of granule organization, and by the extent of retrogradation between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 2 39 theme equivalent 490:499 arg1 level 501:505 an equivalent level 487:505 an equivalent level of hydrolysis 487:519 The time taken to reach an equivalent level of hydrolysis (50%) varied significantly among the starches. 26304453 0 40 theme hylon 33:37 arg1 starches 43:50 hylon VII starches 33:50 hylon VII starches 33:50 In vitro amylolysis of pulse and hylon VII starches explained in terms of their composition, morphology, granule architecture and interaction between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 1 41 theme navy 287:290 arg1 bean 292:295 navy bean 287:295 navy bean 287:295 The objective of this study was to understand the factors underlying the susceptibility of pulse (lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean, velvet bean, and wrinkled pea) and hylon VII starches towards in vitro hydrolysis by the combined action of pancreatin and amyloglucosidase. 26304453 0 42 theme hydrolysed 150:159 arg1 chains 168:173 hydrolysed starch chains 150:173 hydrolysed starch chains 150:173 In vitro amylolysis of pulse and hylon VII starches explained in terms of their composition, morphology, granule architecture and interaction between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 1 43 theme pancreatin 430:439 arg1 action 420:425 the combined action 407:425 the combined action of pancreatin and amyloglucosidase 407:460 The objective of this study was to understand the factors underlying the susceptibility of pulse (lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean, velvet bean, and wrinkled pea) and hylon VII starches towards in vitro hydrolysis by the combined action of pancreatin and amyloglucosidase. 26304453 1 44 dep in 384:385 arg1 vitro 387:391 vitro 387:391 vitro 387:391 The objective of this study was to understand the factors underlying the susceptibility of pulse (lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean, velvet bean, and wrinkled pea) and hylon VII starches towards in vitro hydrolysis by the combined action of pancreatin and amyloglucosidase. 26304453 3 45 theme apparent 703:710 arg1 content 720:726 apparent amylose content 703:726 apparent amylose content 703:726 Changes to molecular order, crystallinity, double helical content, radial orientation of starch chains (polarized light), enthalpy and apparent amylose content during the progress of hydrolysis showed that rate and extent of hydrolysis were influenced both by the structure of the native starches at different levels (molecular, mesoscopic, microscopic) of granule organization, and by the extent of retrogradation between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 3 46 theme native 849:854 arg1 starches 856:863 the native starches 845:863 the native starches at different levels (molecular, mesoscopic, microscopic) of granule organization 845:944 Changes to molecular order, crystallinity, double helical content, radial orientation of starch chains (polarized light), enthalpy and apparent amylose content during the progress of hydrolysis showed that rate and extent of hydrolysis were influenced both by the structure of the native starches at different levels (molecular, mesoscopic, microscopic) of granule organization, and by the extent of retrogradation between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 3 47 theme starches 856:863 arg1 structure 832:840 the structure 828:840 the structure of the native starches at different levels (molecular, mesoscopic, microscopic) of granule organization 828:944 Changes to molecular order, crystallinity, double helical content, radial orientation of starch chains (polarized light), enthalpy and apparent amylose content during the progress of hydrolysis showed that rate and extent of hydrolysis were influenced both by the structure of the native starches at different levels (molecular, mesoscopic, microscopic) of granule organization, and by the extent of retrogradation between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 3 48 theme amylose 712:718 arg1 content 720:726 apparent amylose content 703:726 apparent amylose content 703:726 Changes to molecular order, crystallinity, double helical content, radial orientation of starch chains (polarized light), enthalpy and apparent amylose content during the progress of hydrolysis showed that rate and extent of hydrolysis were influenced both by the structure of the native starches at different levels (molecular, mesoscopic, microscopic) of granule organization, and by the extent of retrogradation between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 1 49 theme hylon 357:361 arg1 starches 367:374 pulse (lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean, velvet bean, and wrinkled pea) and hylon VII starches 267:374 starches 367:374 The objective of this study was to understand the factors underlying the susceptibility of pulse (lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean, velvet bean, and wrinkled pea) and hylon VII starches towards in vitro hydrolysis by the combined action of pancreatin and amyloglucosidase. 26304453 1 50 theme amyloglucosidase 445:460 arg1 action 420:425 the combined action 407:425 the combined action of pancreatin and amyloglucosidase 407:460 The objective of this study was to understand the factors underlying the susceptibility of pulse (lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean, velvet bean, and wrinkled pea) and hylon VII starches towards in vitro hydrolysis by the combined action of pancreatin and amyloglucosidase. 26304453 3 51 theme hydrolysis 751:760 arg1 progress 739:746 the progress 735:746 the progress of hydrolysis 735:760 Changes to molecular order, crystallinity, double helical content, radial orientation of starch chains (polarized light), enthalpy and apparent amylose content during the progress of hydrolysis showed that rate and extent of hydrolysis were influenced both by the structure of the native starches at different levels (molecular, mesoscopic, microscopic) of granule organization, and by the extent of retrogradation between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 0 52 theme starches 43:50 arg1 amylolysis 9:18 In vitro amylolysis 0:18 In vitro amylolysis of pulse and hylon VII starches 0:50 In vitro amylolysis of pulse and hylon VII starches explained in terms of their composition, morphology, granule architecture and interaction between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 3 53 theme double 611:616 arg1 content 626:632 double helical content 611:632 double helical content 611:632 Changes to molecular order, crystallinity, double helical content, radial orientation of starch chains (polarized light), enthalpy and apparent amylose content during the progress of hydrolysis showed that rate and extent of hydrolysis were influenced both by the structure of the native starches at different levels (molecular, mesoscopic, microscopic) of granule organization, and by the extent of retrogradation between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 0 54 dep In 0:1 arg1 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 In vitro amylolysis of pulse and hylon VII starches explained in terms of their composition, morphology, granule architecture and interaction between hydrolysed starch chains. 26304453 3 55 theme different 868:876 arg1 levels 878:883 different levels 868:883 different levels (molecular, mesoscopic, microscopic) of granule organization 868:944 Changes to molecular order, crystallinity, double helical content, radial orientation of starch chains (polarized light), enthalpy and apparent amylose content during the progress of hydrolysis showed that rate and extent of hydrolysis were influenced both by the structure of the native starches at different levels (molecular, mesoscopic, microscopic) of granule organization, and by the extent of retrogradation between hydrolysed starch chains. 27391864 5 0 theme final 718:722 arg1 okara 734:738 The final fermented okara 714:738 The final fermented okara 714:738 The final fermented okara contained 3.37g succinate and 335mg glutamate/100g dry matter. 27391864 1 1 from manufacture 144:154 arg1 Okara 72:76 Okara 72:76 Okara 72:76 Okara, or soybean residue, is a soy food processing by-product from the manufacture of soymilk and soybean curd (tofu). 27391864 1 1 from manufacture 144:154 arg1 by-product 124:133 a soy food processing by-product 102:133 a soy food processing by-product from the manufacture of soymilk and soybean curd (tofu) 102:189 Okara, or soybean residue, is a soy food processing by-product from the manufacture of soymilk and soybean curd (tofu). 27391864 1 1 from manufacture 144:154 arg1 residue 90:96 soybean residue 82:96 soybean residue 82:96 Okara, or soybean residue, is a soy food processing by-product from the manufacture of soymilk and soybean curd (tofu). 27391864 8 2 theme antioxidant 1278:1288 arg1 substances 1209:1218 umami-tasting substances 1195:1218 umami-tasting substances 1195:1218 Overall, the okara fermented by Y. lipolytica had a greater amount of umami-tasting substances, a cheese-like odour, improved digestibility and enhanced antioxidant capacity. 27391864 8 2 theme antioxidant 1278:1288 arg1 capacity 1290:1297 enhanced antioxidant capacity 1269:1297 enhanced antioxidant capacity 1269:1297 Overall, the okara fermented by Y. lipolytica had a greater amount of umami-tasting substances, a cheese-like odour, improved digestibility and enhanced antioxidant capacity. 27391864 5 3 theme fermented 724:732 arg1 okara 734:738 The final fermented okara 714:738 The final fermented okara 714:738 The final fermented okara contained 3.37g succinate and 335mg glutamate/100g dry matter. 27391864 7 4 theme Amino 1030:1034 arg1 volatiles 1049:1057 Amino acid-derived volatiles 1030:1057 Amino acid-derived volatiles 1030:1057 Amino acid-derived volatiles, such as 3-methylbutanal and 2-phenylethanol, were also produced. 27391864 7 4 theme Amino 1030:1034 arg1 2-phenylethanol 1088:1102 2-phenylethanol 1088:1102 2-phenylethanol 1088:1102 Amino acid-derived volatiles, such as 3-methylbutanal and 2-phenylethanol, were also produced. 27391864 7 4 theme Amino 1030:1034 arg1 3-methylbutanal 1068:1082 3-methylbutanal 1068:1082 3-methylbutanal 1068:1082 Amino acid-derived volatiles, such as 3-methylbutanal and 2-phenylethanol, were also produced. 27391864 3 5 theme lipid 475:479 arg1 acids 507:511 free amino acids 496:511 free amino acids 496:511 Yeast metabolism of okara significantly increased the amounts of lipid, succinate and free amino acids and enhanced the antioxidant capacity. 27391864 3 5 theme lipid 475:479 arg1 amounts 464:470 the amounts 460:470 the amounts of lipid, succinate and free amino acids 460:511 Yeast metabolism of okara significantly increased the amounts of lipid, succinate and free amino acids and enhanced the antioxidant capacity. 27391864 3 5 theme lipid 475:479 arg1 succinate 482:490 succinate 482:490 succinate 482:490 Yeast metabolism of okara significantly increased the amounts of lipid, succinate and free amino acids and enhanced the antioxidant capacity. 27391864 3 5 theme lipid 475:479 arg1 lipid 475:479 lipid 475:479 lipid 475:479 Yeast metabolism of okara significantly increased the amounts of lipid, succinate and free amino acids and enhanced the antioxidant capacity. 27391864 10 6 theme processing 1516:1525 arg1 by-product 1527:1536 this soy food processing by-product 1502:1536 this soy food processing by-product 1502:1536 Y. lipolytica was thus demonstrated to be suitable for the biovalorisation of this soy food processing by-product. 27391864 9 7 theme nutritious 1376:1385 arg1 potential 1328:1336 the potential 1324:1336 the potential of Yarrowia-fermented okara 1324:1364 These changes highlight the potential of Yarrowia-fermented okara as a more nutritious, savoury food product or ingredient. 27391864 9 7 theme nutritious 1376:1385 arg1 product 1401:1407 a more nutritious, savoury food product 1369:1407 a more nutritious, savoury food product 1369:1407 These changes highlight the potential of Yarrowia-fermented okara as a more nutritious, savoury food product or ingredient. 27391864 3 8 theme amino 501:505 arg1 acids 507:511 free amino acids 496:511 free amino acids 496:511 Yeast metabolism of okara significantly increased the amounts of lipid, succinate and free amino acids and enhanced the antioxidant capacity. 27391864 6 9 theme grassy 937:942 arg1 off-odour 944:952 a reduced grassy off-odour 927:952 a reduced grassy off-odour 927:952 Aldehydes and their derived acids in the fresh okara were catabolised by Y. lipolytica mainly to methyl ketones, leading to a reduced grassy off-odour and a slightly pungent, musty and cheese-like odour in the fermented okara. 27391864 4 10 theme marked 579:584 arg1 increase 586:593 a marked increase 577:593 a marked increase in important umami tastants after fermentation 577:640 In particular, there was a marked increase in important umami tastants after fermentation, with 3-fold increase in succinate and a 20-fold increase in glutamate. 27391864 3 11 theme acids 507:511 arg1 acids 507:511 free amino acids 496:511 free amino acids 496:511 Yeast metabolism of okara significantly increased the amounts of lipid, succinate and free amino acids and enhanced the antioxidant capacity. 27391864 3 11 theme acids 507:511 arg1 amounts 464:470 the amounts 460:470 the amounts of lipid, succinate and free amino acids 460:511 Yeast metabolism of okara significantly increased the amounts of lipid, succinate and free amino acids and enhanced the antioxidant capacity. 27391864 3 11 theme acids 507:511 arg1 succinate 482:490 succinate 482:490 succinate 482:490 Yeast metabolism of okara significantly increased the amounts of lipid, succinate and free amino acids and enhanced the antioxidant capacity. 27391864 3 11 theme acids 507:511 arg1 lipid 475:479 lipid 475:479 lipid 475:479 Yeast metabolism of okara significantly increased the amounts of lipid, succinate and free amino acids and enhanced the antioxidant capacity. 27391864 2 12 theme okara 235:239 arg1 fermentation 219:230 solid-state fermentation 207:230 solid-state fermentation of okara 207:239 In this study, solid-state fermentation of okara was conducted over 5days using yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, and the changes in proximate composition, antioxidant capacity, non-volatiles and volatiles were investigated. 27391864 2 13 theme yeast 272:276 arg1 lipolytica 287:296 yeast Yarrowia lipolytica 272:296 yeast Yarrowia lipolytica 272:296 In this study, solid-state fermentation of okara was conducted over 5days using yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, and the changes in proximate composition, antioxidant capacity, non-volatiles and volatiles were investigated. 27391864 10 14 theme by-product 1527:1536 arg1 biovalorisation 1483:1497 the biovalorisation 1479:1497 the biovalorisation of this soy food processing by-product 1479:1536 Y. lipolytica was thus demonstrated to be suitable for the biovalorisation of this soy food processing by-product. 27391864 7 15 theme acid-derived 1036:1047 arg1 volatiles 1049:1057 Amino acid-derived volatiles 1030:1057 Amino acid-derived volatiles 1030:1057 Amino acid-derived volatiles, such as 3-methylbutanal and 2-phenylethanol, were also produced. 27391864 7 15 theme acid-derived 1036:1047 arg1 2-phenylethanol 1088:1102 2-phenylethanol 1088:1102 2-phenylethanol 1088:1102 Amino acid-derived volatiles, such as 3-methylbutanal and 2-phenylethanol, were also produced. 27391864 7 15 theme acid-derived 1036:1047 arg1 3-methylbutanal 1068:1082 3-methylbutanal 1068:1082 3-methylbutanal 1068:1082 Amino acid-derived volatiles, such as 3-methylbutanal and 2-phenylethanol, were also produced. 27391864 3 16 theme okara 430:434 arg1 metabolism 416:425 Yeast metabolism 410:425 Yeast metabolism of okara 410:434 Yeast metabolism of okara significantly increased the amounts of lipid, succinate and free amino acids and enhanced the antioxidant capacity. 27391864 7 17 link acid-derived 1036:1047 arg1 volatiles 1049:1057 Amino acid-derived volatiles 1030:1057 Amino acid-derived volatiles 1030:1057 Amino acid-derived volatiles, such as 3-methylbutanal and 2-phenylethanol, were also produced. 27391864 7 17 link acid-derived 1036:1047 arg1 2-phenylethanol 1088:1102 2-phenylethanol 1088:1102 2-phenylethanol 1088:1102 Amino acid-derived volatiles, such as 3-methylbutanal and 2-phenylethanol, were also produced. 27391864 7 17 link acid-derived 1036:1047 arg1 3-methylbutanal 1068:1082 3-methylbutanal 1068:1082 3-methylbutanal 1068:1082 Amino acid-derived volatiles, such as 3-methylbutanal and 2-phenylethanol, were also produced. 27391864 2 18 theme antioxidant 341:351 arg1 capacity 353:360 antioxidant capacity 341:360 antioxidant capacity 341:360 In this study, solid-state fermentation of okara was conducted over 5days using yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, and the changes in proximate composition, antioxidant capacity, non-volatiles and volatiles were investigated. 27391864 6 19 theme reduced 929:935 arg1 off-odour 944:952 a reduced grassy off-odour 927:952 a reduced grassy off-odour 927:952 Aldehydes and their derived acids in the fresh okara were catabolised by Y. lipolytica mainly to methyl ketones, leading to a reduced grassy off-odour and a slightly pungent, musty and cheese-like odour in the fermented okara. 27391864 6 20 theme fresh 844:848 arg1 okara 850:854 the fresh okara 840:854 the fresh okara 840:854 Aldehydes and their derived acids in the fresh okara were catabolised by Y. lipolytica mainly to methyl ketones, leading to a reduced grassy off-odour and a slightly pungent, musty and cheese-like odour in the fermented okara. 27391864 3 21 theme free 496:499 arg1 acids 507:511 free amino acids 496:511 free amino acids 496:511 Yeast metabolism of okara significantly increased the amounts of lipid, succinate and free amino acids and enhanced the antioxidant capacity. 27391864 4 22 theme umami 608:612 arg1 tastants 614:621 important umami tastants 598:621 important umami tastants after fermentation 598:640 In particular, there was a marked increase in important umami tastants after fermentation, with 3-fold increase in succinate and a 20-fold increase in glutamate. 27391864 8 23 theme improved 1242:1249 arg1 substances 1209:1218 umami-tasting substances 1195:1218 umami-tasting substances 1195:1218 Overall, the okara fermented by Y. lipolytica had a greater amount of umami-tasting substances, a cheese-like odour, improved digestibility and enhanced antioxidant capacity. 27391864 8 23 theme improved 1242:1249 arg1 digestibility 1251:1263 improved digestibility 1242:1263 improved digestibility 1242:1263 Overall, the okara fermented by Y. lipolytica had a greater amount of umami-tasting substances, a cheese-like odour, improved digestibility and enhanced antioxidant capacity. 27391864 3 24 theme succinate 482:490 arg1 acids 507:511 free amino acids 496:511 free amino acids 496:511 Yeast metabolism of okara significantly increased the amounts of lipid, succinate and free amino acids and enhanced the antioxidant capacity. 27391864 3 24 theme succinate 482:490 arg1 amounts 464:470 the amounts 460:470 the amounts of lipid, succinate and free amino acids 460:511 Yeast metabolism of okara significantly increased the amounts of lipid, succinate and free amino acids and enhanced the antioxidant capacity. 27391864 3 24 theme succinate 482:490 arg1 succinate 482:490 succinate 482:490 succinate 482:490 Yeast metabolism of okara significantly increased the amounts of lipid, succinate and free amino acids and enhanced the antioxidant capacity. 27391864 3 24 theme succinate 482:490 arg1 lipid 475:479 lipid 475:479 lipid 475:479 Yeast metabolism of okara significantly increased the amounts of lipid, succinate and free amino acids and enhanced the antioxidant capacity. 27391864 4 25 theme important 598:606 arg1 tastants 614:621 important umami tastants 598:621 important umami tastants after fermentation 598:640 In particular, there was a marked increase in important umami tastants after fermentation, with 3-fold increase in succinate and a 20-fold increase in glutamate. 27391864 5 26 theme 335mg 770:774 arg1 matter 795:800 3.37g succinate and 335mg glutamate/100g dry matter 750:800 matter 795:800 The final fermented okara contained 3.37g succinate and 335mg glutamate/100g dry matter. 27391864 6 27 from off-odour 944:952 arg1 okara 1023:1027 the fermented okara 1009:1027 the fermented okara 1009:1027 Aldehydes and their derived acids in the fresh okara were catabolised by Y. lipolytica mainly to methyl ketones, leading to a reduced grassy off-odour and a slightly pungent, musty and cheese-like odour in the fermented okara. 27391864 4 28 from increase 691:698 arg1 succinate 667:675 succinate 667:675 succinate 667:675 In particular, there was a marked increase in important umami tastants after fermentation, with 3-fold increase in succinate and a 20-fold increase in glutamate. 27391864 4 28 from increase 691:698 arg1 glutamate 703:711 glutamate 703:711 glutamate 703:711 In particular, there was a marked increase in important umami tastants after fermentation, with 3-fold increase in succinate and a 20-fold increase in glutamate. 27391864 3 29 theme antioxidant 530:540 arg1 capacity 542:549 the antioxidant capacity 526:549 the antioxidant capacity 526:549 Yeast metabolism of okara significantly increased the amounts of lipid, succinate and free amino acids and enhanced the antioxidant capacity. 27391864 8 30 theme umami-tasting 1195:1207 arg1 substances 1209:1218 umami-tasting substances 1195:1218 umami-tasting substances 1195:1218 Overall, the okara fermented by Y. lipolytica had a greater amount of umami-tasting substances, a cheese-like odour, improved digestibility and enhanced antioxidant capacity. 27391864 8 30 theme umami-tasting 1195:1207 arg1 capacity 1290:1297 enhanced antioxidant capacity 1269:1297 enhanced antioxidant capacity 1269:1297 Overall, the okara fermented by Y. lipolytica had a greater amount of umami-tasting substances, a cheese-like odour, improved digestibility and enhanced antioxidant capacity. 27391864 8 30 theme umami-tasting 1195:1207 arg1 odour 1235:1239 a cheese-like odour 1221:1239 a cheese-like odour 1221:1239 Overall, the okara fermented by Y. lipolytica had a greater amount of umami-tasting substances, a cheese-like odour, improved digestibility and enhanced antioxidant capacity. 27391864 8 30 theme umami-tasting 1195:1207 arg1 digestibility 1251:1263 improved digestibility 1242:1263 improved digestibility 1242:1263 Overall, the okara fermented by Y. lipolytica had a greater amount of umami-tasting substances, a cheese-like odour, improved digestibility and enhanced antioxidant capacity. 27391864 2 31 theme proximate 318:326 arg1 composition 328:338 proximate composition 318:338 proximate composition 318:338 In this study, solid-state fermentation of okara was conducted over 5days using yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, and the changes in proximate composition, antioxidant capacity, non-volatiles and volatiles were investigated. 27391864 5 32 theme glutamate/100g 776:789 arg1 matter 795:800 3.37g succinate and 335mg glutamate/100g dry matter 750:800 matter 795:800 The final fermented okara contained 3.37g succinate and 335mg glutamate/100g dry matter. 27391864 4 33 theme 20-fold 683:689 arg1 increase 691:698 a 20-fold increase 681:698 a 20-fold increase in glutamate 681:711 In particular, there was a marked increase in important umami tastants after fermentation, with 3-fold increase in succinate and a 20-fold increase in glutamate. 27391864 2 34 from changes 307:313 arg1 volatiles 381:389 volatiles 381:389 volatiles 381:389 In this study, solid-state fermentation of okara was conducted over 5days using yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, and the changes in proximate composition, antioxidant capacity, non-volatiles and volatiles were investigated. 27391864 2 34 from changes 307:313 arg1 non-volatiles 363:375 non-volatiles 363:375 non-volatiles 363:375 In this study, solid-state fermentation of okara was conducted over 5days using yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, and the changes in proximate composition, antioxidant capacity, non-volatiles and volatiles were investigated. 27391864 2 34 from changes 307:313 arg1 composition 328:338 proximate composition 318:338 proximate composition 318:338 In this study, solid-state fermentation of okara was conducted over 5days using yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, and the changes in proximate composition, antioxidant capacity, non-volatiles and volatiles were investigated. 27391864 2 34 from changes 307:313 arg1 capacity 353:360 antioxidant capacity 341:360 antioxidant capacity 341:360 In this study, solid-state fermentation of okara was conducted over 5days using yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, and the changes in proximate composition, antioxidant capacity, non-volatiles and volatiles were investigated. 27391864 1 35 theme soybean 82:88 arg1 Okara 72:76 Okara 72:76 Okara 72:76 Okara, or soybean residue, is a soy food processing by-product from the manufacture of soymilk and soybean curd (tofu). 27391864 1 35 theme soybean 82:88 arg1 by-product 124:133 a soy food processing by-product 102:133 a soy food processing by-product from the manufacture of soymilk and soybean curd (tofu) 102:189 Okara, or soybean residue, is a soy food processing by-product from the manufacture of soymilk and soybean curd (tofu). 27391864 1 35 theme soybean 82:88 arg1 residue 90:96 soybean residue 82:96 soybean residue 82:96 Okara, or soybean residue, is a soy food processing by-product from the manufacture of soymilk and soybean curd (tofu). 27391864 8 36 theme substances 1209:1218 arg1 amount 1185:1190 a greater amount 1175:1190 a greater amount of umami-tasting substances, a cheese-like odour, improved digestibility and enhanced antioxidant capacity 1175:1297 Overall, the okara fermented by Y. lipolytica had a greater amount of umami-tasting substances, a cheese-like odour, improved digestibility and enhanced antioxidant capacity. 27391864 8 36 theme substances 1209:1218 arg1 substances 1209:1218 umami-tasting substances 1195:1218 umami-tasting substances 1195:1218 Overall, the okara fermented by Y. lipolytica had a greater amount of umami-tasting substances, a cheese-like odour, improved digestibility and enhanced antioxidant capacity. 27391864 8 36 theme substances 1209:1218 arg1 capacity 1290:1297 enhanced antioxidant capacity 1269:1297 enhanced antioxidant capacity 1269:1297 Overall, the okara fermented by Y. lipolytica had a greater amount of umami-tasting substances, a cheese-like odour, improved digestibility and enhanced antioxidant capacity. 27391864 8 36 theme substances 1209:1218 arg1 odour 1235:1239 a cheese-like odour 1221:1239 a cheese-like odour 1221:1239 Overall, the okara fermented by Y. lipolytica had a greater amount of umami-tasting substances, a cheese-like odour, improved digestibility and enhanced antioxidant capacity. 27391864 8 36 theme substances 1209:1218 arg1 digestibility 1251:1263 improved digestibility 1242:1263 improved digestibility 1242:1263 Overall, the okara fermented by Y. lipolytica had a greater amount of umami-tasting substances, a cheese-like odour, improved digestibility and enhanced antioxidant capacity. 27391864 0 37 theme soybean 7:13 arg1 Okara 0:4 Okara 0:4 Okara (soybean residue) 0:22 Okara (soybean residue) biotransformation by yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. 27391864 0 37 theme soybean 7:13 arg1 residue 15:21 soybean residue 7:21 soybean residue 7:21 Okara (soybean residue) biotransformation by yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. 27391864 4 38 theme 3-fold 648:653 arg1 increase 655:662 3-fold increase 648:662 3-fold increase in succinate 648:675 In particular, there was a marked increase in important umami tastants after fermentation, with 3-fold increase in succinate and a 20-fold increase in glutamate. 27391864 4 39 from increase 586:593 arg1 tastants 614:621 important umami tastants 598:621 important umami tastants after fermentation 598:640 In particular, there was a marked increase in important umami tastants after fermentation, with 3-fold increase in succinate and a 20-fold increase in glutamate. 27391864 1 40 theme soybean 171:177 arg1 tofu 185:188 tofu 185:188 tofu 185:188 Okara, or soybean residue, is a soy food processing by-product from the manufacture of soymilk and soybean curd (tofu). 27391864 1 40 theme soybean 171:177 arg1 curd 179:182 soybean curd 171:182 soybean curd (tofu) 171:189 Okara, or soybean residue, is a soy food processing by-product from the manufacture of soymilk and soybean curd (tofu). 27391864 8 41 theme enhanced 1269:1276 arg1 substances 1209:1218 umami-tasting substances 1195:1218 umami-tasting substances 1195:1218 Overall, the okara fermented by Y. lipolytica had a greater amount of umami-tasting substances, a cheese-like odour, improved digestibility and enhanced antioxidant capacity. 27391864 8 41 theme enhanced 1269:1276 arg1 capacity 1290:1297 enhanced antioxidant capacity 1269:1297 enhanced antioxidant capacity 1269:1297 Overall, the okara fermented by Y. lipolytica had a greater amount of umami-tasting substances, a cheese-like odour, improved digestibility and enhanced antioxidant capacity. 27391864 1 42 theme curd 179:182 arg1 manufacture 144:154 the manufacture 140:154 the manufacture of soymilk and soybean curd (tofu) 140:189 Okara, or soybean residue, is a soy food processing by-product from the manufacture of soymilk and soybean curd (tofu). 27391864 1 43 theme soymilk 159:165 arg1 manufacture 144:154 the manufacture 140:154 the manufacture of soymilk and soybean curd (tofu) 140:189 Okara, or soybean residue, is a soy food processing by-product from the manufacture of soymilk and soybean curd (tofu). 27391864 3 44 theme Yeast 410:414 arg1 metabolism 416:425 Yeast metabolism 410:425 Yeast metabolism of okara 410:434 Yeast metabolism of okara significantly increased the amounts of lipid, succinate and free amino acids and enhanced the antioxidant capacity. 27391864 8 45 theme greater 1177:1183 arg1 amount 1185:1190 a greater amount 1175:1190 a greater amount of umami-tasting substances, a cheese-like odour, improved digestibility and enhanced antioxidant capacity 1175:1297 Overall, the okara fermented by Y. lipolytica had a greater amount of umami-tasting substances, a cheese-like odour, improved digestibility and enhanced antioxidant capacity. 27391864 8 45 theme greater 1177:1183 arg1 substances 1209:1218 umami-tasting substances 1195:1218 umami-tasting substances 1195:1218 Overall, the okara fermented by Y. lipolytica had a greater amount of umami-tasting substances, a cheese-like odour, improved digestibility and enhanced antioxidant capacity. 27391864 8 45 theme greater 1177:1183 arg1 capacity 1290:1297 enhanced antioxidant capacity 1269:1297 enhanced antioxidant capacity 1269:1297 Overall, the okara fermented by Y. lipolytica had a greater amount of umami-tasting substances, a cheese-like odour, improved digestibility and enhanced antioxidant capacity. 27391864 8 45 theme greater 1177:1183 arg1 odour 1235:1239 a cheese-like odour 1221:1239 a cheese-like odour 1221:1239 Overall, the okara fermented by Y. lipolytica had a greater amount of umami-tasting substances, a cheese-like odour, improved digestibility and enhanced antioxidant capacity. 27391864 8 45 theme greater 1177:1183 arg1 digestibility 1251:1263 improved digestibility 1242:1263 improved digestibility 1242:1263 Overall, the okara fermented by Y. lipolytica had a greater amount of umami-tasting substances, a cheese-like odour, improved digestibility and enhanced antioxidant capacity. 27391864 6 46 theme derived 823:829 arg1 acids 831:835 their derived acids 817:835 their derived acids 817:835 Aldehydes and their derived acids in the fresh okara were catabolised by Y. lipolytica mainly to methyl ketones, leading to a reduced grassy off-odour and a slightly pungent, musty and cheese-like odour in the fermented okara. 27391864 8 47 contain had 1171:1173 arg1 okara 1138:1142 the okara 1134:1142 the okara fermented by Y. lipolytica 1134:1169 Overall, the okara fermented by Y. lipolytica had a greater amount of umami-tasting substances, a cheese-like odour, improved digestibility and enhanced antioxidant capacity. 27391864 8 47 contain had 1171:1173 arg2 substances 1209:1218 umami-tasting substances 1195:1218 umami-tasting substances 1195:1218 Overall, the okara fermented by Y. lipolytica had a greater amount of umami-tasting substances, a cheese-like odour, improved digestibility and enhanced antioxidant capacity. 27391864 8 47 contain had 1171:1173 arg2 capacity 1290:1297 enhanced antioxidant capacity 1269:1297 enhanced antioxidant capacity 1269:1297 Overall, the okara fermented by Y. lipolytica had a greater amount of umami-tasting substances, a cheese-like odour, improved digestibility and enhanced antioxidant capacity. 27391864 8 47 contain had 1171:1173 arg2 digestibility 1251:1263 improved digestibility 1242:1263 improved digestibility 1242:1263 Overall, the okara fermented by Y. lipolytica had a greater amount of umami-tasting substances, a cheese-like odour, improved digestibility and enhanced antioxidant capacity. 27391864 8 47 contain had 1171:1173 arg2 odour 1235:1239 a cheese-like odour 1221:1239 a cheese-like odour 1221:1239 Overall, the okara fermented by Y. lipolytica had a greater amount of umami-tasting substances, a cheese-like odour, improved digestibility and enhanced antioxidant capacity. 27391864 8 47 contain had 1171:1173 arg2 amount 1185:1190 a greater amount 1175:1190 a greater amount of umami-tasting substances, a cheese-like odour, improved digestibility and enhanced antioxidant capacity 1175:1297 Overall, the okara fermented by Y. lipolytica had a greater amount of umami-tasting substances, a cheese-like odour, improved digestibility and enhanced antioxidant capacity. 27391864 6 48 theme cheese-like 988:998 arg1 odour 1000:1004 a slightly pungent, musty and cheese-like odour 958:1004 a slightly pungent, musty and cheese-like odour in the fermented okara 958:1027 Aldehydes and their derived acids in the fresh okara were catabolised by Y. lipolytica mainly to methyl ketones, leading to a reduced grassy off-odour and a slightly pungent, musty and cheese-like odour in the fermented okara. 27391864 6 49 theme musty 978:982 arg1 odour 1000:1004 a slightly pungent, musty and cheese-like odour 958:1004 a slightly pungent, musty and cheese-like odour in the fermented okara 958:1027 Aldehydes and their derived acids in the fresh okara were catabolised by Y. lipolytica mainly to methyl ketones, leading to a reduced grassy off-odour and a slightly pungent, musty and cheese-like odour in the fermented okara. 27391864 0 50 theme yeast 45:49 arg1 lipolytica 60:69 yeast Yarrowia lipolytica 45:69 yeast Yarrowia lipolytica 45:69 Okara (soybean residue) biotransformation by yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. 27391864 6 51 theme methyl 900:905 arg1 ketones 907:913 methyl ketones 900:913 methyl ketones 900:913 Aldehydes and their derived acids in the fresh okara were catabolised by Y. lipolytica mainly to methyl ketones, leading to a reduced grassy off-odour and a slightly pungent, musty and cheese-like odour in the fermented okara. 27391864 10 52 theme soy 1507:1509 arg1 by-product 1527:1536 this soy food processing by-product 1502:1536 this soy food processing by-product 1502:1536 Y. lipolytica was thus demonstrated to be suitable for the biovalorisation of this soy food processing by-product. 27391864 9 53 theme food 1396:1399 arg1 potential 1328:1336 the potential 1324:1336 the potential of Yarrowia-fermented okara 1324:1364 These changes highlight the potential of Yarrowia-fermented okara as a more nutritious, savoury food product or ingredient. 27391864 9 53 theme food 1396:1399 arg1 product 1401:1407 a more nutritious, savoury food product 1369:1407 a more nutritious, savoury food product 1369:1407 These changes highlight the potential of Yarrowia-fermented okara as a more nutritious, savoury food product or ingredient. 27391864 6 54 link derived 823:829 arg1 acids 831:835 their derived acids 817:835 their derived acids 817:835 Aldehydes and their derived acids in the fresh okara were catabolised by Y. lipolytica mainly to methyl ketones, leading to a reduced grassy off-odour and a slightly pungent, musty and cheese-like odour in the fermented okara. 27391864 6 55 from Aldehydes 803:811 arg1 okara 850:854 the fresh okara 840:854 the fresh okara 840:854 Aldehydes and their derived acids in the fresh okara were catabolised by Y. lipolytica mainly to methyl ketones, leading to a reduced grassy off-odour and a slightly pungent, musty and cheese-like odour in the fermented okara. 27391864 9 56 theme okara 1360:1364 arg1 potential 1328:1336 the potential 1324:1336 the potential of Yarrowia-fermented okara 1324:1364 These changes highlight the potential of Yarrowia-fermented okara as a more nutritious, savoury food product or ingredient. 27391864 9 56 theme okara 1360:1364 arg1 product 1401:1407 a more nutritious, savoury food product 1369:1407 a more nutritious, savoury food product 1369:1407 These changes highlight the potential of Yarrowia-fermented okara as a more nutritious, savoury food product or ingredient. 27391864 8 57 theme cheese-like 1223:1233 arg1 substances 1209:1218 umami-tasting substances 1195:1218 umami-tasting substances 1195:1218 Overall, the okara fermented by Y. lipolytica had a greater amount of umami-tasting substances, a cheese-like odour, improved digestibility and enhanced antioxidant capacity. 27391864 8 57 theme cheese-like 1223:1233 arg1 odour 1235:1239 a cheese-like odour 1221:1239 a cheese-like odour 1221:1239 Overall, the okara fermented by Y. lipolytica had a greater amount of umami-tasting substances, a cheese-like odour, improved digestibility and enhanced antioxidant capacity. 27391864 5 58 theme 3.37g 750:754 arg1 succinate 756:764 3.37g succinate and 335mg glutamate/100g dry matter 750:800 succinate 756:764 The final fermented okara contained 3.37g succinate and 335mg glutamate/100g dry matter. 27391864 2 59 theme solid-state 207:217 arg1 fermentation 219:230 solid-state fermentation 207:230 solid-state fermentation of okara 207:239 In this study, solid-state fermentation of okara was conducted over 5days using yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, and the changes in proximate composition, antioxidant capacity, non-volatiles and volatiles were investigated. 27391864 2 60 theme Yarrowia 278:285 arg1 lipolytica 287:296 yeast Yarrowia lipolytica 272:296 yeast Yarrowia lipolytica 272:296 In this study, solid-state fermentation of okara was conducted over 5days using yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, and the changes in proximate composition, antioxidant capacity, non-volatiles and volatiles were investigated. 27391864 6 61 from acids 831:835 arg1 okara 850:854 the fresh okara 840:854 the fresh okara 840:854 Aldehydes and their derived acids in the fresh okara were catabolised by Y. lipolytica mainly to methyl ketones, leading to a reduced grassy off-odour and a slightly pungent, musty and cheese-like odour in the fermented okara. 27391864 9 62 theme Yarrowia-fermented 1341:1358 arg1 okara 1360:1364 Yarrowia-fermented okara 1341:1364 Yarrowia-fermented okara 1341:1364 These changes highlight the potential of Yarrowia-fermented okara as a more nutritious, savoury food product or ingredient. 27391864 5 63 contain contained 740:748 arg2 matter 795:800 3.37g succinate and 335mg glutamate/100g dry matter 750:800 matter 795:800 The final fermented okara contained 3.37g succinate and 335mg glutamate/100g dry matter. 27391864 5 63 contain contained 740:748 arg1 okara 734:738 The final fermented okara 714:738 The final fermented okara 714:738 The final fermented okara contained 3.37g succinate and 335mg glutamate/100g dry matter. 27391864 5 63 contain contained 740:748 arg2 succinate 756:764 3.37g succinate and 335mg glutamate/100g dry matter 750:800 succinate 756:764 The final fermented okara contained 3.37g succinate and 335mg glutamate/100g dry matter. 27391864 1 64 theme soy 104:106 arg1 Okara 72:76 Okara 72:76 Okara 72:76 Okara, or soybean residue, is a soy food processing by-product from the manufacture of soymilk and soybean curd (tofu). 27391864 1 64 theme soy 104:106 arg1 by-product 124:133 a soy food processing by-product 102:133 a soy food processing by-product from the manufacture of soymilk and soybean curd (tofu) 102:189 Okara, or soybean residue, is a soy food processing by-product from the manufacture of soymilk and soybean curd (tofu). 27391864 1 64 theme soy 104:106 arg1 residue 90:96 soybean residue 82:96 soybean residue 82:96 Okara, or soybean residue, is a soy food processing by-product from the manufacture of soymilk and soybean curd (tofu). 27391864 6 65 theme pungent 969:975 arg1 odour 1000:1004 a slightly pungent, musty and cheese-like odour 958:1004 a slightly pungent, musty and cheese-like odour in the fermented okara 958:1027 Aldehydes and their derived acids in the fresh okara were catabolised by Y. lipolytica mainly to methyl ketones, leading to a reduced grassy off-odour and a slightly pungent, musty and cheese-like odour in the fermented okara. 27391864 10 66 theme food 1511:1514 arg1 by-product 1527:1536 this soy food processing by-product 1502:1536 this soy food processing by-product 1502:1536 Y. lipolytica was thus demonstrated to be suitable for the biovalorisation of this soy food processing by-product. 27391864 9 67 dep nutritious 1376:1385 arg1 savoury 1388:1394 savoury 1388:1394 savoury 1388:1394 These changes highlight the potential of Yarrowia-fermented okara as a more nutritious, savoury food product or ingredient. 27391864 1 68 theme food 108:111 arg1 Okara 72:76 Okara 72:76 Okara 72:76 Okara, or soybean residue, is a soy food processing by-product from the manufacture of soymilk and soybean curd (tofu). 27391864 1 68 theme food 108:111 arg1 by-product 124:133 a soy food processing by-product 102:133 a soy food processing by-product from the manufacture of soymilk and soybean curd (tofu) 102:189 Okara, or soybean residue, is a soy food processing by-product from the manufacture of soymilk and soybean curd (tofu). 27391864 1 68 theme food 108:111 arg1 residue 90:96 soybean residue 82:96 soybean residue 82:96 Okara, or soybean residue, is a soy food processing by-product from the manufacture of soymilk and soybean curd (tofu). 27391864 6 69 theme fermented 1013:1021 arg1 okara 1023:1027 the fermented okara 1009:1027 the fermented okara 1009:1027 Aldehydes and their derived acids in the fresh okara were catabolised by Y. lipolytica mainly to methyl ketones, leading to a reduced grassy off-odour and a slightly pungent, musty and cheese-like odour in the fermented okara. 27391864 0 70 theme Yarrowia 51:58 arg1 lipolytica 60:69 yeast Yarrowia lipolytica 45:69 yeast Yarrowia lipolytica 45:69 Okara (soybean residue) biotransformation by yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. 27391864 5 71 theme dry 791:793 arg1 matter 795:800 3.37g succinate and 335mg glutamate/100g dry matter 750:800 matter 795:800 The final fermented okara contained 3.37g succinate and 335mg glutamate/100g dry matter. 27391864 1 72 theme processing 113:122 arg1 Okara 72:76 Okara 72:76 Okara 72:76 Okara, or soybean residue, is a soy food processing by-product from the manufacture of soymilk and soybean curd (tofu). 27391864 1 72 theme processing 113:122 arg1 by-product 124:133 a soy food processing by-product 102:133 a soy food processing by-product from the manufacture of soymilk and soybean curd (tofu) 102:189 Okara, or soybean residue, is a soy food processing by-product from the manufacture of soymilk and soybean curd (tofu). 27391864 1 72 theme processing 113:122 arg1 residue 90:96 soybean residue 82:96 soybean residue 82:96 Okara, or soybean residue, is a soy food processing by-product from the manufacture of soymilk and soybean curd (tofu). 27391864 4 73 from increase 655:662 arg1 succinate 667:675 succinate 667:675 succinate 667:675 In particular, there was a marked increase in important umami tastants after fermentation, with 3-fold increase in succinate and a 20-fold increase in glutamate. 27391864 4 73 from increase 655:662 arg1 glutamate 703:711 glutamate 703:711 glutamate 703:711 In particular, there was a marked increase in important umami tastants after fermentation, with 3-fold increase in succinate and a 20-fold increase in glutamate. 27391864 6 74 from odour 1000:1004 arg1 okara 1023:1027 the fermented okara 1009:1027 the fermented okara 1009:1027 Aldehydes and their derived acids in the fresh okara were catabolised by Y. lipolytica mainly to methyl ketones, leading to a reduced grassy off-odour and a slightly pungent, musty and cheese-like odour in the fermented okara. 26877015 2 0 theme coagulating 349:359 arg1 agent 361:365 coagulating agent 349:365 coagulating agent 349:365 According to the SEM images, the type of coagulating agent significantly affected the morphological properties of composite foams. 26877015 6 1 from change 1043:1048 arg1 contents 1057:1064 the contents 1053:1064 the contents of the intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonds 1053:1113 In general, the results indicated a change in the contents of the intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonds when the coagulant was changed or SM-MMT was incorporated. 26877015 1 2 theme cellulose 150:158 arg1 foams 160:164 cellulose foams 150:164 cellulose foams incorporated with surface-modified montmorillonite (SM-MMT) 150:224 In this study, cellulose foams incorporated with surface-modified montmorillonite (SM-MMT) were prepared following NaOH dissolution and regeneration into water and ethanol. 26877015 0 3 theme water 102:106 arg1 effect 92:97 The effect 88:97 Crystalline structure and morphological properties of porous cellulose/clay composites: The effect of water and ethanol as coagulants. 0:133 Crystalline structure and morphological properties of porous cellulose/clay composites: The effect of water and ethanol as coagulants. 26877015 3 4 theme crystal 552:558 arg1 size 560:563 crystal size 552:563 crystal size 552:563 The crystalline parameters were evaluated using wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), which showed an increase in crystal size as the effect of SM-MMT; however, the crystal size decreased for the samples treated with ethanol. 26877015 4 5 theme bond 693:696 arg1 types 698:702 hydrogen bond types 684:702 hydrogen bond types 684:702 The distribution of hydrogen bond types was also investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). 26877015 0 6 theme ethanol 112:118 arg1 effect 92:97 The effect 88:97 Crystalline structure and morphological properties of porous cellulose/clay composites: The effect of water and ethanol as coagulants. 0:133 Crystalline structure and morphological properties of porous cellulose/clay composites: The effect of water and ethanol as coagulants. 26877015 6 7 theme bonds 1109:1113 arg1 contents 1057:1064 the contents 1053:1064 the contents of the intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonds 1053:1113 In general, the results indicated a change in the contents of the intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonds when the coagulant was changed or SM-MMT was incorporated. 26877015 3 8 theme X-ray 498:502 arg1 WAXD 517:520 WAXD 517:520 WAXD 517:520 The crystalline parameters were evaluated using wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), which showed an increase in crystal size as the effect of SM-MMT; however, the crystal size decreased for the samples treated with ethanol. 26877015 3 8 theme X-ray 498:502 arg1 diffraction 504:514 wide-angle X-ray diffraction 487:514 wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) 487:521 The crystalline parameters were evaluated using wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), which showed an increase in crystal size as the effect of SM-MMT; however, the crystal size decreased for the samples treated with ethanol. 26877015 5 9 theme new 958:960 arg1 bonds 971:975 new hydrogen bonds 958:975 new hydrogen bonds between cellulose and SM-MMT 958:1004 Resolving the hydrogen-bonded OH stretching band at around 3340 into five bands indicated that presence of SM-MMT caused the shift of OH-stretching vibration band to lower wave number due to new hydrogen bonds between cellulose and SM-MMT. 26877015 5 10 theme OH 797:798 arg1 band 811:814 the hydrogen-bonded OH stretching band 777:814 the hydrogen-bonded OH stretching band 777:814 Resolving the hydrogen-bonded OH stretching band at around 3340 into five bands indicated that presence of SM-MMT caused the shift of OH-stretching vibration band to lower wave number due to new hydrogen bonds between cellulose and SM-MMT. 26877015 6 11 theme inter-molecular 1084:1098 arg1 bonds 1109:1113 the intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonds 1069:1113 the intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonds 1069:1113 In general, the results indicated a change in the contents of the intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonds when the coagulant was changed or SM-MMT was incorporated. 26877015 5 12 theme hydrogen 962:969 arg1 bonds 971:975 new hydrogen bonds 958:975 new hydrogen bonds between cellulose and SM-MMT 958:1004 Resolving the hydrogen-bonded OH stretching band at around 3340 into five bands indicated that presence of SM-MMT caused the shift of OH-stretching vibration band to lower wave number due to new hydrogen bonds between cellulose and SM-MMT. 26877015 2 13 theme morphological 394:406 arg1 properties 408:417 the morphological properties 390:417 the morphological properties of composite foams 390:436 According to the SEM images, the type of coagulating agent significantly affected the morphological properties of composite foams. 26877015 5 14 theme stretching 800:809 arg1 band 811:814 the hydrogen-bonded OH stretching band 777:814 the hydrogen-bonded OH stretching band 777:814 Resolving the hydrogen-bonded OH stretching band at around 3340 into five bands indicated that presence of SM-MMT caused the shift of OH-stretching vibration band to lower wave number due to new hydrogen bonds between cellulose and SM-MMT. 26877015 2 15 theme SEM 325:327 arg1 images 329:334 the SEM images 321:334 the SEM images 321:334 According to the SEM images, the type of coagulating agent significantly affected the morphological properties of composite foams. 26877015 0 16 theme Crystalline 0:10 arg1 structure 12:20 Crystalline structure 0:20 Crystalline structure 0:20 Crystalline structure and morphological properties of porous cellulose/clay composites: The effect of water and ethanol as coagulants. 26877015 5 17 theme lower 933:937 arg1 number 944:949 lower wave number 933:949 lower wave number 933:949 Resolving the hydrogen-bonded OH stretching band at around 3340 into five bands indicated that presence of SM-MMT caused the shift of OH-stretching vibration band to lower wave number due to new hydrogen bonds between cellulose and SM-MMT. 26877015 3 18 theme crystalline 443:453 arg1 parameters 455:464 The crystalline parameters 439:464 The crystalline parameters 439:464 The crystalline parameters were evaluated using wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), which showed an increase in crystal size as the effect of SM-MMT; however, the crystal size decreased for the samples treated with ethanol. 26877015 0 19 theme morphological 26:38 arg1 properties 40:49 morphological properties 26:49 morphological properties 26:49 Crystalline structure and morphological properties of porous cellulose/clay composites: The effect of water and ethanol as coagulants. 26877015 5 20 theme wave 939:942 arg1 number 944:949 lower wave number 933:949 lower wave number 933:949 Resolving the hydrogen-bonded OH stretching band at around 3340 into five bands indicated that presence of SM-MMT caused the shift of OH-stretching vibration band to lower wave number due to new hydrogen bonds between cellulose and SM-MMT. 26877015 3 21 theme wide-angle 487:496 arg1 WAXD 517:520 WAXD 517:520 WAXD 517:520 The crystalline parameters were evaluated using wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), which showed an increase in crystal size as the effect of SM-MMT; however, the crystal size decreased for the samples treated with ethanol. 26877015 3 21 theme wide-angle 487:496 arg1 diffraction 504:514 wide-angle X-ray diffraction 487:514 wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) 487:521 The crystalline parameters were evaluated using wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), which showed an increase in crystal size as the effect of SM-MMT; however, the crystal size decreased for the samples treated with ethanol. 26877015 4 22 theme hydrogen 684:691 arg1 types 698:702 hydrogen bond types 684:702 hydrogen bond types 684:702 The distribution of hydrogen bond types was also investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). 26877015 2 23 theme foams 432:436 arg1 properties 408:417 the morphological properties 390:417 the morphological properties of composite foams 390:436 According to the SEM images, the type of coagulating agent significantly affected the morphological properties of composite foams. 26877015 5 24 theme OH-stretching 901:913 arg1 band 925:928 OH-stretching vibration band 901:928 OH-stretching vibration band 901:928 Resolving the hydrogen-bonded OH stretching band at around 3340 into five bands indicated that presence of SM-MMT caused the shift of OH-stretching vibration band to lower wave number due to new hydrogen bonds between cellulose and SM-MMT. 26877015 6 25 theme hydrogen 1100:1107 arg1 bonds 1109:1113 the intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonds 1069:1113 the intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonds 1069:1113 In general, the results indicated a change in the contents of the intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonds when the coagulant was changed or SM-MMT was incorporated. 26877015 1 26 theme surface-modified 184:199 arg1 SM-MMT 218:223 SM-MMT 218:223 SM-MMT 218:223 In this study, cellulose foams incorporated with surface-modified montmorillonite (SM-MMT) were prepared following NaOH dissolution and regeneration into water and ethanol. 26877015 1 26 theme surface-modified 184:199 arg1 montmorillonite 201:215 surface-modified montmorillonite 184:215 surface-modified montmorillonite (SM-MMT) 184:224 In this study, cellulose foams incorporated with surface-modified montmorillonite (SM-MMT) were prepared following NaOH dissolution and regeneration into water and ethanol. 26877015 2 27 theme composite 422:430 arg1 foams 432:436 composite foams 422:436 composite foams 422:436 According to the SEM images, the type of coagulating agent significantly affected the morphological properties of composite foams. 26877015 0 28 theme cellulose/clay 61:74 arg1 composites 76:85 porous cellulose/clay composites 54:85 porous cellulose/clay composites 54:85 Crystalline structure and morphological properties of porous cellulose/clay composites: The effect of water and ethanol as coagulants. 26877015 3 29 theme SM-MMT 582:587 arg1 increase 540:547 an increase 537:547 an increase in crystal size 537:563 The crystalline parameters were evaluated using wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), which showed an increase in crystal size as the effect of SM-MMT; however, the crystal size decreased for the samples treated with ethanol. 26877015 3 29 theme SM-MMT 582:587 arg1 effect 572:577 the effect 568:577 the effect of SM-MMT 568:587 The crystalline parameters were evaluated using wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), which showed an increase in crystal size as the effect of SM-MMT; however, the crystal size decreased for the samples treated with ethanol. 26877015 6 30 theme intra- 1073:1078 arg1 bonds 1109:1113 the intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonds 1069:1113 the intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonds 1069:1113 In general, the results indicated a change in the contents of the intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonds when the coagulant was changed or SM-MMT was incorporated. 26877015 4 31 dep infrared 750:757 arg1 FTIR 760:763 FTIR 760:763 FTIR 760:763 The distribution of hydrogen bond types was also investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). 26877015 0 32 theme porous 54:59 arg1 composites 76:85 porous cellulose/clay composites 54:85 porous cellulose/clay composites 54:85 Crystalline structure and morphological properties of porous cellulose/clay composites: The effect of water and ethanol as coagulants. 26877015 4 33 theme types 698:702 arg1 distribution 668:679 The distribution 664:679 The distribution of hydrogen bond types 664:702 The distribution of hydrogen bond types was also investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). 26877015 5 34 theme hydrogen-bonded 781:795 arg1 band 811:814 the hydrogen-bonded OH stretching band 777:814 the hydrogen-bonded OH stretching band 777:814 Resolving the hydrogen-bonded OH stretching band at around 3340 into five bands indicated that presence of SM-MMT caused the shift of OH-stretching vibration band to lower wave number due to new hydrogen bonds between cellulose and SM-MMT. 26877015 4 35 dep Fourier 732:738 arg1 transform 740:748 transform 740:748 transform infrared (FTIR) 740:764 The distribution of hydrogen bond types was also investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). 26877015 5 36 theme band 925:928 arg1 shift 892:896 the shift 888:896 the shift of OH-stretching vibration band to lower wave number due to new hydrogen bonds between cellulose and SM-MMT 888:1004 Resolving the hydrogen-bonded OH stretching band at around 3340 into five bands indicated that presence of SM-MMT caused the shift of OH-stretching vibration band to lower wave number due to new hydrogen bonds between cellulose and SM-MMT. 26877015 5 37 theme vibration 915:923 arg1 band 925:928 OH-stretching vibration band 901:928 OH-stretching vibration band 901:928 Resolving the hydrogen-bonded OH stretching band at around 3340 into five bands indicated that presence of SM-MMT caused the shift of OH-stretching vibration band to lower wave number due to new hydrogen bonds between cellulose and SM-MMT. 26877015 0 38 dep structure 12:20 arg1 effect 92:97 The effect 88:97 Crystalline structure and morphological properties of porous cellulose/clay composites: The effect of water and ethanol as coagulants. 0:133 Crystalline structure and morphological properties of porous cellulose/clay composites: The effect of water and ethanol as coagulants. 26877015 5 39 theme SM-MMT 874:879 arg1 presence 862:869 presence 862:869 presence of SM-MMT 862:879 Resolving the hydrogen-bonded OH stretching band at around 3340 into five bands indicated that presence of SM-MMT caused the shift of OH-stretching vibration band to lower wave number due to new hydrogen bonds between cellulose and SM-MMT. 26877015 0 40 theme composites 76:85 arg1 structure 12:20 Crystalline structure 0:20 Crystalline structure 0:20 Crystalline structure and morphological properties of porous cellulose/clay composites: The effect of water and ethanol as coagulants. 26877015 0 40 theme composites 76:85 arg1 properties 40:49 morphological properties 26:49 morphological properties 26:49 Crystalline structure and morphological properties of porous cellulose/clay composites: The effect of water and ethanol as coagulants. 26877015 3 41 theme crystal 603:609 arg1 size 611:614 the crystal size 599:614 the crystal size 599:614 The crystalline parameters were evaluated using wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), which showed an increase in crystal size as the effect of SM-MMT; however, the crystal size decreased for the samples treated with ethanol. 26877015 2 42 theme agent 361:365 arg1 type 341:344 the type 337:344 the type of coagulating agent 337:365 According to the SEM images, the type of coagulating agent significantly affected the morphological properties of composite foams. 26877015 3 43 from increase 540:547 arg1 size 560:563 crystal size 552:563 crystal size 552:563 The crystalline parameters were evaluated using wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), which showed an increase in crystal size as the effect of SM-MMT; however, the crystal size decreased for the samples treated with ethanol. 26877015 1 44 theme NaOH 250:253 arg1 dissolution 255:265 NaOH dissolution 250:265 NaOH dissolution 250:265 In this study, cellulose foams incorporated with surface-modified montmorillonite (SM-MMT) were prepared following NaOH dissolution and regeneration into water and ethanol. 24815414 10 0 theme blend 1080:1084 arg1 films 1086:1090 The blend films 1076:1090 The blend films 1076:1090 The blend films were also explored for antimicrobial activities against pathogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. 24815414 3 1 link crosslinked 598:608 arg1 films 616:620 starch/PVA crosslinked blend films 587:620 starch/PVA crosslinked blend films 587:620 The increase in the tensile strength, elongation percentage, degree of swelling and biodegradability of blend films was evaluated as compared to starch/PVA crosslinked blend films. 24815414 2 2 theme composite 368:376 arg1 blend 378:382 composite blend 368:382 composite blend 368:382 The mechanical properties of cellulosic fibres reinforced composite blend were compared with starch/PVA crossed linked blend films. 24815414 9 3 theme starch/PVA 1047:1056 arg1 blend 1058:1062 starch/PVA blend 1047:1062 starch/PVA blend 1047:1062 Scanning electron microscopy illustrated a good adhesion between starch/PVA blend and fibres. 24815414 8 4 theme thermogravimetric 940:956 arg1 TGA/DTA/DTG 968:978 TGA/DTA/DTG 968:978 TGA/DTA/DTG 968:978 The blend films were characterized using Fourier transform-infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA/DTG). 24815414 8 4 theme thermogravimetric 940:956 arg1 analysis 958:965 thermogravimetric analysis 940:965 thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA/DTG) 940:979 The blend films were characterized using Fourier transform-infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA/DTG). 24815414 11 5 used used 1269:1272 arg2 films 1256:1260 the blended films 1244:1260 the blended films 1244:1260 The results confirmed that the blended films may be used as exceptional material for food packaging. 24815414 11 5 used used 1269:1272 arg2 material 1289:1296 exceptional material 1277:1296 exceptional material for food packaging 1277:1315 The results confirmed that the blended films may be used as exceptional material for food packaging. 24815414 11 6 theme exceptional 1277:1287 arg1 material 1289:1296 exceptional material 1277:1296 exceptional material for food packaging 1277:1315 The results confirmed that the blended films may be used as exceptional material for food packaging. 24815414 11 6 theme exceptional 1277:1287 arg1 films 1256:1260 the blended films 1244:1260 the blended films 1244:1260 The results confirmed that the blended films may be used as exceptional material for food packaging. 24815414 3 7 theme films 552:556 arg1 biodegradability 526:541 biodegradability 526:541 biodegradability 526:541 The increase in the tensile strength, elongation percentage, degree of swelling and biodegradability of blend films was evaluated as compared to starch/PVA crosslinked blend films. 24815414 3 7 theme films 552:556 arg1 degree 503:508 degree 503:508 degree of swelling 503:520 The increase in the tensile strength, elongation percentage, degree of swelling and biodegradability of blend films was evaluated as compared to starch/PVA crosslinked blend films. 24815414 3 7 theme films 552:556 arg1 strength 470:477 tensile strength 462:477 tensile strength 462:477 The increase in the tensile strength, elongation percentage, degree of swelling and biodegradability of blend films was evaluated as compared to starch/PVA crosslinked blend films. 24815414 3 7 theme films 552:556 arg1 percentage 491:500 elongation percentage 480:500 elongation percentage 480:500 The increase in the tensile strength, elongation percentage, degree of swelling and biodegradability of blend films was evaluated as compared to starch/PVA crosslinked blend films. 24815414 2 8 theme starch/PVA 403:412 arg1 films 435:439 starch/PVA crossed linked blend films 403:439 starch/PVA crossed linked blend films 403:439 The mechanical properties of cellulosic fibres reinforced composite blend were compared with starch/PVA crossed linked blend films. 24815414 2 9 theme linked 422:427 arg1 films 435:439 starch/PVA crossed linked blend films 403:439 starch/PVA crossed linked blend films 403:439 The mechanical properties of cellulosic fibres reinforced composite blend were compared with starch/PVA crossed linked blend films. 24815414 8 10 theme transform-infrared 856:873 arg1 FTIR 894:897 FTIR 894:897 FTIR 894:897 The blend films were characterized using Fourier transform-infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA/DTG). 24815414 8 10 theme transform-infrared 856:873 arg1 spectrophotometry 875:891 Fourier transform-infrared spectrophotometry 848:891 Fourier transform-infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR) 848:898 The blend films were characterized using Fourier transform-infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA/DTG). 24815414 1 11 theme vinyl 199:203 arg1 alcohol 205:211 vinyl alcohol 199:211 vinyl alcohol 199:211 Cellulosic fibres reinforced composite blend films of starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were prepared by using citric acid as plasticizer and glutaraldehyde as the cross-linker. 24815414 1 11 theme vinyl 199:203 arg1 PVA 215:217 PVA 215:217 PVA 215:217 Cellulosic fibres reinforced composite blend films of starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were prepared by using citric acid as plasticizer and glutaraldehyde as the cross-linker. 24815414 0 12 theme films 93:97 arg1 characterization 11:26 characterization 11:26 characterization 11:26 Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of biodegradable starch/PVA composite films reinforced with cellulosic fibre. 24815414 0 12 theme films 93:97 arg1 activity 46:53 antibacterial activity 32:53 antibacterial activity 32:53 Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of biodegradable starch/PVA composite films reinforced with cellulosic fibre. 24815414 0 12 theme films 93:97 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of biodegradable starch/PVA composite films reinforced with cellulosic fibre. 24815414 11 13 theme food 1302:1305 arg1 packaging 1307:1315 food packaging 1302:1315 food packaging 1302:1315 The results confirmed that the blended films may be used as exceptional material for food packaging. 24815414 3 14 theme starch/PVA 587:596 arg1 films 616:620 starch/PVA crosslinked blend films 587:620 starch/PVA crosslinked blend films 587:620 The increase in the tensile strength, elongation percentage, degree of swelling and biodegradability of blend films was evaluated as compared to starch/PVA crosslinked blend films. 24815414 8 15 theme Fourier 848:854 arg1 FTIR 894:897 FTIR 894:897 FTIR 894:897 The blend films were characterized using Fourier transform-infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA/DTG). 24815414 8 15 theme Fourier 848:854 arg1 spectrophotometry 875:891 Fourier transform-infrared spectrophotometry 848:891 Fourier transform-infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR) 848:898 The blend films were characterized using Fourier transform-infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA/DTG). 24815414 1 16 theme alcohol 205:211 arg1 films 178:182 composite blend films 162:182 composite blend films of starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) 162:218 Cellulosic fibres reinforced composite blend films of starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were prepared by using citric acid as plasticizer and glutaraldehyde as the cross-linker. 24815414 2 17 theme mechanical 314:323 arg1 properties 325:334 The mechanical properties 310:334 The mechanical properties of cellulosic fibres reinforced composite blend 310:382 The mechanical properties of cellulosic fibres reinforced composite blend were compared with starch/PVA crossed linked blend films. 24815414 10 18 theme antimicrobial 1115:1127 arg1 activities 1129:1138 antimicrobial activities 1115:1138 antimicrobial activities against pathogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli 1115:1214 The blend films were also explored for antimicrobial activities against pathogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. 24815414 3 19 theme elongation 480:489 arg1 percentage 491:500 elongation percentage 480:500 elongation percentage 480:500 The increase in the tensile strength, elongation percentage, degree of swelling and biodegradability of blend films was evaluated as compared to starch/PVA crosslinked blend films. 24815414 3 20 theme crosslinked 598:608 arg1 films 616:620 starch/PVA crosslinked blend films 587:620 starch/PVA crosslinked blend films 587:620 The increase in the tensile strength, elongation percentage, degree of swelling and biodegradability of blend films was evaluated as compared to starch/PVA crosslinked blend films. 24815414 11 21 theme blended 1248:1254 arg1 material 1289:1296 exceptional material 1277:1296 exceptional material for food packaging 1277:1315 The results confirmed that the blended films may be used as exceptional material for food packaging. 24815414 11 21 theme blended 1248:1254 arg1 films 1256:1260 the blended films 1244:1260 the blended films 1244:1260 The results confirmed that the blended films may be used as exceptional material for food packaging. 24815414 4 22 theme parameters 656:665 arg1 wt 763:764 25 wt 760:764 25 wt 760:764 The value of different evaluated parameters such as citric acid, glutaraldehyde and reinforced fibre to starch/PVA (5:5) was found to be 25 wt. 24815414 4 22 theme parameters 656:665 arg1 value 627:631 The value 623:631 The value of different evaluated parameters such as citric acid, glutaraldehyde and reinforced fibre to starch/PVA (5:5) 623:742 The value of different evaluated parameters such as citric acid, glutaraldehyde and reinforced fibre to starch/PVA (5:5) was found to be 25 wt. 24815414 5 23 theme 0.100 769:773 arg1 % 766:766 % 766:766 % 766:766 %, 0.100 wt. 24815414 5 23 theme 0.100 769:773 arg1 wt 775:776 0.100 wt 769:776 0.100 wt 769:776 %, 0.100 wt. 24815414 3 24 theme swelling 513:520 arg1 biodegradability 526:541 biodegradability 526:541 biodegradability 526:541 The increase in the tensile strength, elongation percentage, degree of swelling and biodegradability of blend films was evaluated as compared to starch/PVA crosslinked blend films. 24815414 3 24 theme swelling 513:520 arg1 degree 503:508 degree 503:508 degree of swelling 503:520 The increase in the tensile strength, elongation percentage, degree of swelling and biodegradability of blend films was evaluated as compared to starch/PVA crosslinked blend films. 24815414 3 24 theme swelling 513:520 arg1 strength 470:477 tensile strength 462:477 tensile strength 462:477 The increase in the tensile strength, elongation percentage, degree of swelling and biodegradability of blend films was evaluated as compared to starch/PVA crosslinked blend films. 24815414 3 24 theme swelling 513:520 arg1 percentage 491:500 elongation percentage 480:500 elongation percentage 480:500 The increase in the tensile strength, elongation percentage, degree of swelling and biodegradability of blend films was evaluated as compared to starch/PVA crosslinked blend films. 24815414 9 25 theme good 1025:1028 arg1 adhesion 1030:1037 a good adhesion 1023:1037 a good adhesion between starch/PVA blend and fibres 1023:1073 Scanning electron microscopy illustrated a good adhesion between starch/PVA blend and fibres. 24815414 4 26 theme citric 675:680 arg1 acid 682:685 citric acid 675:685 citric acid 675:685 The value of different evaluated parameters such as citric acid, glutaraldehyde and reinforced fibre to starch/PVA (5:5) was found to be 25 wt. 24815414 0 27 theme antibacterial 32:44 arg1 activity 46:53 antibacterial activity 32:53 antibacterial activity 32:53 Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of biodegradable starch/PVA composite films reinforced with cellulosic fibre. 24815414 2 28 link linked 422:427 arg1 films 435:439 starch/PVA crossed linked blend films 403:439 starch/PVA crossed linked blend films 403:439 The mechanical properties of cellulosic fibres reinforced composite blend were compared with starch/PVA crossed linked blend films. 24815414 8 29 theme scanning 901:908 arg1 SEM 931:933 SEM 931:933 SEM 931:933 The blend films were characterized using Fourier transform-infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA/DTG). 24815414 8 29 theme scanning 901:908 arg1 microscopy 919:928 scanning electron microscopy 901:928 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 901:934 The blend films were characterized using Fourier transform-infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA/DTG). 24815414 2 30 theme blend 429:433 arg1 films 435:439 starch/PVA crossed linked blend films 403:439 starch/PVA crossed linked blend films 403:439 The mechanical properties of cellulosic fibres reinforced composite blend were compared with starch/PVA crossed linked blend films. 24815414 0 31 theme biodegradable 58:70 arg1 films 93:97 biodegradable starch/PVA composite films 58:97 biodegradable starch/PVA composite films 58:97 Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of biodegradable starch/PVA composite films reinforced with cellulosic fibre. 24815414 3 32 theme blend 610:614 arg1 films 616:620 starch/PVA crosslinked blend films 587:620 starch/PVA crosslinked blend films 587:620 The increase in the tensile strength, elongation percentage, degree of swelling and biodegradability of blend films was evaluated as compared to starch/PVA crosslinked blend films. 24815414 1 33 theme Cellulosic 133:142 arg1 fibres 144:149 Cellulosic fibres 133:149 Cellulosic fibres reinforced composite blend films of starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) 133:218 Cellulosic fibres reinforced composite blend films of starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were prepared by using citric acid as plasticizer and glutaraldehyde as the cross-linker. 24815414 9 34 theme electron 991:998 arg1 microscopy 1000:1009 Scanning electron microscopy 982:1009 Scanning electron microscopy 982:1009 Scanning electron microscopy illustrated a good adhesion between starch/PVA blend and fibres. 24815414 10 35 theme pathogenic 1148:1157 arg1 bacteria 1159:1166 pathogenic bacteria 1148:1166 pathogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli 1148:1214 The blend films were also explored for antimicrobial activities against pathogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. 24815414 9 36 theme Scanning 982:989 arg1 microscopy 1000:1009 Scanning electron microscopy 982:1009 Scanning electron microscopy 982:1009 Scanning electron microscopy illustrated a good adhesion between starch/PVA blend and fibres. 24815414 2 37 theme fibres 350:355 arg1 properties 325:334 The mechanical properties 310:334 The mechanical properties of cellulosic fibres reinforced composite blend 310:382 The mechanical properties of cellulosic fibres reinforced composite blend were compared with starch/PVA crossed linked blend films. 24815414 3 38 dep strength 470:477 arg1 the 458:460 the 458:460 the 458:460 The increase in the tensile strength, elongation percentage, degree of swelling and biodegradability of blend films was evaluated as compared to starch/PVA crosslinked blend films. 24815414 8 39 theme electron 910:917 arg1 SEM 931:933 SEM 931:933 SEM 931:933 The blend films were characterized using Fourier transform-infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA/DTG). 24815414 8 39 theme electron 910:917 arg1 microscopy 919:928 scanning electron microscopy 901:928 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 901:934 The blend films were characterized using Fourier transform-infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA/DTG). 24815414 2 40 theme cellulosic 339:348 arg1 fibres 350:355 cellulosic fibres 339:355 cellulosic fibres reinforced composite blend 339:382 The mechanical properties of cellulosic fibres reinforced composite blend were compared with starch/PVA crossed linked blend films. 24815414 3 41 from increase 446:453 arg1 biodegradability 526:541 biodegradability 526:541 biodegradability 526:541 The increase in the tensile strength, elongation percentage, degree of swelling and biodegradability of blend films was evaluated as compared to starch/PVA crosslinked blend films. 24815414 3 41 from increase 446:453 arg1 degree 503:508 degree 503:508 degree of swelling 503:520 The increase in the tensile strength, elongation percentage, degree of swelling and biodegradability of blend films was evaluated as compared to starch/PVA crosslinked blend films. 24815414 3 41 from increase 446:453 arg1 strength 470:477 tensile strength 462:477 tensile strength 462:477 The increase in the tensile strength, elongation percentage, degree of swelling and biodegradability of blend films was evaluated as compared to starch/PVA crosslinked blend films. 24815414 3 41 from increase 446:453 arg1 percentage 491:500 elongation percentage 480:500 elongation percentage 480:500 The increase in the tensile strength, elongation percentage, degree of swelling and biodegradability of blend films was evaluated as compared to starch/PVA crosslinked blend films. 24815414 1 42 theme composite 162:170 arg1 films 178:182 composite blend films 162:182 composite blend films of starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) 162:218 Cellulosic fibres reinforced composite blend films of starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were prepared by using citric acid as plasticizer and glutaraldehyde as the cross-linker. 24815414 3 43 theme tensile 462:468 arg1 strength 470:477 tensile strength 462:477 tensile strength 462:477 The increase in the tensile strength, elongation percentage, degree of swelling and biodegradability of blend films was evaluated as compared to starch/PVA crosslinked blend films. 24815414 0 44 theme composite 83:91 arg1 films 93:97 biodegradable starch/PVA composite films 58:97 biodegradable starch/PVA composite films 58:97 Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of biodegradable starch/PVA composite films reinforced with cellulosic fibre. 24815414 1 45 theme blend 172:176 arg1 films 178:182 composite blend films 162:182 composite blend films of starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) 162:218 Cellulosic fibres reinforced composite blend films of starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were prepared by using citric acid as plasticizer and glutaraldehyde as the cross-linker. 24815414 2 46 theme crossed 414:420 arg1 films 435:439 starch/PVA crossed linked blend films 403:439 starch/PVA crossed linked blend films 403:439 The mechanical properties of cellulosic fibres reinforced composite blend were compared with starch/PVA crossed linked blend films. 24815414 4 47 theme evaluated 646:654 arg1 parameters 656:665 different evaluated parameters 636:665 different evaluated parameters such as citric acid, glutaraldehyde and reinforced fibre 636:722 The value of different evaluated parameters such as citric acid, glutaraldehyde and reinforced fibre to starch/PVA (5:5) was found to be 25 wt. 24815414 4 47 theme evaluated 646:654 arg1 glutaraldehyde 688:701 glutaraldehyde 688:701 glutaraldehyde 688:701 The value of different evaluated parameters such as citric acid, glutaraldehyde and reinforced fibre to starch/PVA (5:5) was found to be 25 wt. 24815414 4 47 theme evaluated 646:654 arg1 fibre 718:722 fibre 718:722 fibre 718:722 The value of different evaluated parameters such as citric acid, glutaraldehyde and reinforced fibre to starch/PVA (5:5) was found to be 25 wt. 24815414 4 47 theme evaluated 646:654 arg1 acid 682:685 citric acid 675:685 citric acid 675:685 The value of different evaluated parameters such as citric acid, glutaraldehyde and reinforced fibre to starch/PVA (5:5) was found to be 25 wt. 24815414 0 48 theme starch/PVA 72:81 arg1 films 93:97 biodegradable starch/PVA composite films 58:97 biodegradable starch/PVA composite films 58:97 Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of biodegradable starch/PVA composite films reinforced with cellulosic fibre. 24815414 4 49 theme different 636:644 arg1 parameters 656:665 different evaluated parameters 636:665 different evaluated parameters such as citric acid, glutaraldehyde and reinforced fibre 636:722 The value of different evaluated parameters such as citric acid, glutaraldehyde and reinforced fibre to starch/PVA (5:5) was found to be 25 wt. 24815414 4 49 theme different 636:644 arg1 glutaraldehyde 688:701 glutaraldehyde 688:701 glutaraldehyde 688:701 The value of different evaluated parameters such as citric acid, glutaraldehyde and reinforced fibre to starch/PVA (5:5) was found to be 25 wt. 24815414 4 49 theme different 636:644 arg1 fibre 718:722 fibre 718:722 fibre 718:722 The value of different evaluated parameters such as citric acid, glutaraldehyde and reinforced fibre to starch/PVA (5:5) was found to be 25 wt. 24815414 4 49 theme different 636:644 arg1 acid 682:685 citric acid 675:685 citric acid 675:685 The value of different evaluated parameters such as citric acid, glutaraldehyde and reinforced fibre to starch/PVA (5:5) was found to be 25 wt. 24815414 3 50 theme blend 546:550 arg1 films 552:556 blend films 546:556 blend films 546:556 The increase in the tensile strength, elongation percentage, degree of swelling and biodegradability of blend films was evaluated as compared to starch/PVA crosslinked blend films. 24815414 8 51 theme blend 811:815 arg1 films 817:821 The blend films 807:821 The blend films 807:821 The blend films were characterized using Fourier transform-infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA/DTG). 24815414 1 52 theme citric 243:248 arg1 cross-linker 296:307 the cross-linker 292:307 the cross-linker 292:307 Cellulosic fibres reinforced composite blend films of starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were prepared by using citric acid as plasticizer and glutaraldehyde as the cross-linker. 24815414 1 52 theme citric 243:248 arg1 acid 250:253 citric acid 243:253 citric acid 243:253 Cellulosic fibres reinforced composite blend films of starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were prepared by using citric acid as plasticizer and glutaraldehyde as the cross-linker. 24464462 7 0 from cells 1423:1427 arg1 properties 1397:1406 different physical properties 1378:1406 different physical properties from wild-type cells 1378:1427 Our results demonstrate that changes in O polysaccharide expression do not significantly influence OMV production but do affect the size and protein content of OMVs derived from both CPA(-) and OSA(-) cells; these mutant cells also exhibited different physical properties from wild-type cells. 24464462 9 1 from significance 1754:1765 arg1 development 1796:1806 biofilm development 1788:1806 biofilm development 1788:1806 Together these results demonstrate the importance of O polysaccharide expression on P. aeruginosa OMV composition and highlight the significance of CPA expression in biofilm development. 24464462 2 2 from production 404:413 arg1 expression 322:331 the expression 318:331 the expression of cell surface lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 318:372 These adaptations include changes in the expression of cell surface lipopolysaccharide (LPS), biofilm development, and the production of a protective extracellular exopolysaccharide matrix. 24464462 6 3 theme common 1064:1069 arg1 CPA 1095:1097 CPA 1095:1097 CPA 1095:1097 These knockouts have deletions in the rmd, wbpM, and wbpL genes that produce changes in the expression of common polysaccharide antigen (CPA), O-specific antigen (OSA), or both. 24464462 6 3 theme common 1064:1069 arg1 antigen 1086:1092 common polysaccharide antigen 1064:1092 common polysaccharide antigen (CPA) 1064:1098 These knockouts have deletions in the rmd, wbpM, and wbpL genes that produce changes in the expression of common polysaccharide antigen (CPA), O-specific antigen (OSA), or both. 24464462 6 3 theme common 1064:1069 arg1 antigen 1112:1118 O-specific antigen 1101:1118 O-specific antigen (OSA) 1101:1124 These knockouts have deletions in the rmd, wbpM, and wbpL genes that produce changes in the expression of common polysaccharide antigen (CPA), O-specific antigen (OSA), or both. 24464462 3 4 theme communities 683:693 arg1 development 640:650 development 640:650 development 640:650 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have been identified as an important component of the extracellular matrix of P. aeruginosa biofilms and are thought to contribute to the development and fitness of these bacterial communities. 24464462 3 4 theme communities 683:693 arg1 fitness 656:662 fitness 656:662 fitness 656:662 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have been identified as an important component of the extracellular matrix of P. aeruginosa biofilms and are thought to contribute to the development and fitness of these bacterial communities. 24464462 7 5 theme different 1378:1386 arg1 properties 1397:1406 different physical properties 1378:1406 different physical properties from wild-type cells 1378:1427 Our results demonstrate that changes in O polysaccharide expression do not significantly influence OMV production but do affect the size and protein content of OMVs derived from both CPA(-) and OSA(-) cells; these mutant cells also exhibited different physical properties from wild-type cells. 24464462 7 6 theme polysaccharide 1178:1191 arg1 expression 1193:1202 O polysaccharide expression 1176:1202 O polysaccharide expression 1176:1202 Our results demonstrate that changes in O polysaccharide expression do not significantly influence OMV production but do affect the size and protein content of OMVs derived from both CPA(-) and OSA(-) cells; these mutant cells also exhibited different physical properties from wild-type cells. 24464462 8 7 theme biofilm 1595:1601 arg1 production 1610:1619 biofilm matrix production 1595:1619 biofilm matrix production 1595:1619 We further examined biofilm growth of the mutants and determined that CPA(-) cells could not develop into robust biofilms and exhibit changes in cell morphology and biofilm matrix production. 24464462 3 8 theme important 529:537 arg1 component 539:547 an important component 526:547 an important component of the extracellular matrix of P. aeruginosa biofilms 526:601 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have been identified as an important component of the extracellular matrix of P. aeruginosa biofilms and are thought to contribute to the development and fitness of these bacterial communities. 24464462 3 8 theme important 529:537 arg1 vesicles 486:493 Outer membrane vesicles 471:493 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) 471:500 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have been identified as an important component of the extracellular matrix of P. aeruginosa biofilms and are thought to contribute to the development and fitness of these bacterial communities. 24464462 7 9 theme mutant 1350:1355 arg1 cells 1357:1361 these mutant cells 1344:1361 these mutant cells 1344:1361 Our results demonstrate that changes in O polysaccharide expression do not significantly influence OMV production but do affect the size and protein content of OMVs derived from both CPA(-) and OSA(-) cells; these mutant cells also exhibited different physical properties from wild-type cells. 24464462 7 10 theme OSA 1330:1332 arg1 cells 1337:1341 OSA(-) cells 1330:1341 OSA(-) cells 1330:1341 Our results demonstrate that changes in O polysaccharide expression do not significantly influence OMV production but do affect the size and protein content of OMVs derived from both CPA(-) and OSA(-) cells; these mutant cells also exhibited different physical properties from wild-type cells. 24464462 3 11 theme extracellular 556:568 arg1 matrix 570:575 the extracellular matrix 552:575 the extracellular matrix of P. aeruginosa biofilms 552:601 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have been identified as an important component of the extracellular matrix of P. aeruginosa biofilms and are thought to contribute to the development and fitness of these bacterial communities. 24464462 2 12 theme protective 420:429 arg1 matrix 463:468 a protective extracellular exopolysaccharide matrix 418:468 a protective extracellular exopolysaccharide matrix 418:468 These adaptations include changes in the expression of cell surface lipopolysaccharide (LPS), biofilm development, and the production of a protective extracellular exopolysaccharide matrix. 24464462 3 13 theme aeruginosa 583:592 arg1 biofilms 594:601 P. aeruginosa biofilms 580:601 P. aeruginosa biofilms 580:601 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have been identified as an important component of the extracellular matrix of P. aeruginosa biofilms and are thought to contribute to the development and fitness of these bacterial communities. 24464462 5 14 theme P. 905:906 arg1 PAO1 919:922 wild-type P. aeruginosa PAO1 895:922 wild-type P. aeruginosa PAO1 895:922 We compared wild-type P. aeruginosa PAO1 with three chromosomal knockouts. 24464462 7 15 from changes 1165:1171 arg1 expression 1193:1202 O polysaccharide expression 1176:1202 O polysaccharide expression 1176:1202 Our results demonstrate that changes in O polysaccharide expression do not significantly influence OMV production but do affect the size and protein content of OMVs derived from both CPA(-) and OSA(-) cells; these mutant cells also exhibited different physical properties from wild-type cells. 24464462 7 16 theme O 1176:1176 arg1 expression 1193:1202 O polysaccharide expression 1176:1202 O polysaccharide expression 1176:1202 Our results demonstrate that changes in O polysaccharide expression do not significantly influence OMV production but do affect the size and protein content of OMVs derived from both CPA(-) and OSA(-) cells; these mutant cells also exhibited different physical properties from wild-type cells. 24464462 1 17 theme common 152:157 arg1 aeruginosa 136:145 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 124:145 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 124:145 Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common opportunistic human pathogen known for its ability to adapt to changes in its environment during the course of infection. 24464462 1 17 theme common 152:157 arg1 pathogen 179:186 a common opportunistic human pathogen 150:186 a common opportunistic human pathogen known for its ability to adapt to changes in its environment during the course of infection 150:278 Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common opportunistic human pathogen known for its ability to adapt to changes in its environment during the course of infection. 24464462 2 18 from changes 307:313 arg1 expression 322:331 the expression 318:331 the expression of cell surface lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 318:372 These adaptations include changes in the expression of cell surface lipopolysaccharide (LPS), biofilm development, and the production of a protective extracellular exopolysaccharide matrix. 24464462 0 19 theme vesicle 73:79 arg1 biogenesis 81:90 outer membrane vesicle biogenesis 58:90 outer membrane vesicle biogenesis 58:90 Influence of O polysaccharides on biofilm development and outer membrane vesicle biogenesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. 24464462 4 20 from biogenesis 854:863 arg1 expression 788:797 the cell surface expression 771:797 the cell surface expression of LPS O polysaccharides 771:822 The goal of this study was to examine the relationships between changes in the cell surface expression of LPS O polysaccharides, biofilm development, and OMV biogenesis in P. aeruginosa. 24464462 1 21 theme human 173:177 arg1 aeruginosa 136:145 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 124:145 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 124:145 Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common opportunistic human pathogen known for its ability to adapt to changes in its environment during the course of infection. 24464462 1 21 theme human 173:177 arg1 pathogen 179:186 a common opportunistic human pathogen 150:186 a common opportunistic human pathogen known for its ability to adapt to changes in its environment during the course of infection 150:278 Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common opportunistic human pathogen known for its ability to adapt to changes in its environment during the course of infection. 24464462 9 22 theme O 1675:1675 arg1 expression 1692:1701 O polysaccharide expression 1675:1701 O polysaccharide expression 1675:1701 Together these results demonstrate the importance of O polysaccharide expression on P. aeruginosa OMV composition and highlight the significance of CPA expression in biofilm development. 24464462 0 23 from Influence 0:8 arg1 biogenesis 81:90 outer membrane vesicle biogenesis 58:90 outer membrane vesicle biogenesis 58:90 Influence of O polysaccharides on biofilm development and outer membrane vesicle biogenesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. 24464462 0 23 from Influence 0:8 arg1 development 42:52 biofilm development 34:52 biofilm development 34:52 Influence of O polysaccharides on biofilm development and outer membrane vesicle biogenesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. 24464462 4 24 from changes 760:766 arg1 expression 788:797 the cell surface expression 771:797 the cell surface expression of LPS O polysaccharides 771:822 The goal of this study was to examine the relationships between changes in the cell surface expression of LPS O polysaccharides, biofilm development, and OMV biogenesis in P. aeruginosa. 24464462 9 25 theme expression 1692:1701 arg1 importance 1661:1670 the importance 1657:1670 the importance of O polysaccharide expression on P. aeruginosa OMV composition 1657:1734 Together these results demonstrate the importance of O polysaccharide expression on P. aeruginosa OMV composition and highlight the significance of CPA expression in biofilm development. 24464462 0 26 from development 42:52 arg1 PAO1 118:121 Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 95:121 Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 95:121 Influence of O polysaccharides on biofilm development and outer membrane vesicle biogenesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. 24464462 4 27 from development 833:843 arg1 expression 788:797 the cell surface expression 771:797 the cell surface expression of LPS O polysaccharides 771:822 The goal of this study was to examine the relationships between changes in the cell surface expression of LPS O polysaccharides, biofilm development, and OMV biogenesis in P. aeruginosa. 24464462 4 28 from relationships 738:750 arg1 aeruginosa 871:880 P. aeruginosa 868:880 P. aeruginosa 868:880 The goal of this study was to examine the relationships between changes in the cell surface expression of LPS O polysaccharides, biofilm development, and OMV biogenesis in P. aeruginosa. 24464462 2 29 theme exopolysaccharide 445:461 arg1 matrix 463:468 a protective extracellular exopolysaccharide matrix 418:468 a protective extracellular exopolysaccharide matrix 418:468 These adaptations include changes in the expression of cell surface lipopolysaccharide (LPS), biofilm development, and the production of a protective extracellular exopolysaccharide matrix. 24464462 2 30 theme biofilm 375:381 arg1 development 383:393 biofilm development 375:393 biofilm development 375:393 These adaptations include changes in the expression of cell surface lipopolysaccharide (LPS), biofilm development, and the production of a protective extracellular exopolysaccharide matrix. 24464462 1 31 theme infection 270:278 arg1 course 260:265 the course 256:265 the course of infection 256:278 Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common opportunistic human pathogen known for its ability to adapt to changes in its environment during the course of infection. 24464462 9 32 theme OMV 1720:1722 arg1 composition 1724:1734 P. aeruginosa OMV composition 1706:1734 P. aeruginosa OMV composition 1706:1734 Together these results demonstrate the importance of O polysaccharide expression on P. aeruginosa OMV composition and highlight the significance of CPA expression in biofilm development. 24464462 2 33 dep surface 341:347 arg1 LPS 369:371 LPS 369:371 LPS 369:371 These adaptations include changes in the expression of cell surface lipopolysaccharide (LPS), biofilm development, and the production of a protective extracellular exopolysaccharide matrix. 24464462 2 33 dep surface 341:347 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 349:366 lipopolysaccharide 349:366 cell surface lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 336:372 These adaptations include changes in the expression of cell surface lipopolysaccharide (LPS), biofilm development, and the production of a protective extracellular exopolysaccharide matrix. 24464462 3 34 theme Outer 471:475 arg1 OMVs 496:499 OMVs 496:499 OMVs 496:499 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have been identified as an important component of the extracellular matrix of P. aeruginosa biofilms and are thought to contribute to the development and fitness of these bacterial communities. 24464462 3 34 theme Outer 471:475 arg1 component 539:547 an important component 526:547 an important component of the extracellular matrix of P. aeruginosa biofilms 526:601 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have been identified as an important component of the extracellular matrix of P. aeruginosa biofilms and are thought to contribute to the development and fitness of these bacterial communities. 24464462 3 34 theme Outer 471:475 arg1 vesicles 486:493 Outer membrane vesicles 471:493 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) 471:500 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have been identified as an important component of the extracellular matrix of P. aeruginosa biofilms and are thought to contribute to the development and fitness of these bacterial communities. 24464462 0 35 theme O 13:13 arg1 polysaccharides 15:29 O polysaccharides 13:29 O polysaccharides 13:29 Influence of O polysaccharides on biofilm development and outer membrane vesicle biogenesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. 24464462 4 36 theme O 806:806 arg1 polysaccharides 808:822 LPS O polysaccharides 802:822 LPS O polysaccharides 802:822 The goal of this study was to examine the relationships between changes in the cell surface expression of LPS O polysaccharides, biofilm development, and OMV biogenesis in P. aeruginosa. 24464462 6 37 theme wbpL 1011:1014 arg1 genes 1016:1020 the rmd, wbpM, and wbpL genes 992:1020 the rmd, wbpM, and wbpL genes that produce changes in the expression of common polysaccharide antigen (CPA), O-specific antigen (OSA), or both 992:1133 These knockouts have deletions in the rmd, wbpM, and wbpL genes that produce changes in the expression of common polysaccharide antigen (CPA), O-specific antigen (OSA), or both. 24464462 0 38 theme outer 58:62 arg1 biogenesis 81:90 outer membrane vesicle biogenesis 58:90 outer membrane vesicle biogenesis 58:90 Influence of O polysaccharides on biofilm development and outer membrane vesicle biogenesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. 24464462 2 39 theme surface 341:347 arg1 expression 322:331 the expression 318:331 the expression of cell surface lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 318:372 These adaptations include changes in the expression of cell surface lipopolysaccharide (LPS), biofilm development, and the production of a protective extracellular exopolysaccharide matrix. 24464462 9 40 from importance 1661:1670 arg1 composition 1724:1734 P. aeruginosa OMV composition 1706:1734 P. aeruginosa OMV composition 1706:1734 Together these results demonstrate the importance of O polysaccharide expression on P. aeruginosa OMV composition and highlight the significance of CPA expression in biofilm development. 24464462 3 41 theme bacterial 673:681 arg1 communities 683:693 these bacterial communities 667:693 these bacterial communities 667:693 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have been identified as an important component of the extracellular matrix of P. aeruginosa biofilms and are thought to contribute to the development and fitness of these bacterial communities. 24464462 4 42 theme surface 780:786 arg1 expression 788:797 the cell surface expression 771:797 the cell surface expression of LPS O polysaccharides 771:822 The goal of this study was to examine the relationships between changes in the cell surface expression of LPS O polysaccharides, biofilm development, and OMV biogenesis in P. aeruginosa. 24464462 8 43 theme robust 1536:1541 arg1 biofilms 1543:1550 robust biofilms 1536:1550 robust biofilms 1536:1550 We further examined biofilm growth of the mutants and determined that CPA(-) cells could not develop into robust biofilms and exhibit changes in cell morphology and biofilm matrix production. 24464462 9 44 theme expression 1774:1783 arg1 significance 1754:1765 the significance 1750:1765 the significance of CPA expression in biofilm development 1750:1806 Together these results demonstrate the importance of O polysaccharide expression on P. aeruginosa OMV composition and highlight the significance of CPA expression in biofilm development. 24464462 3 45 dep development 640:650 arg1 the 636:638 the 636:638 the 636:638 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have been identified as an important component of the extracellular matrix of P. aeruginosa biofilms and are thought to contribute to the development and fitness of these bacterial communities. 24464462 7 46 theme physical 1388:1395 arg1 properties 1397:1406 different physical properties 1378:1406 different physical properties from wild-type cells 1378:1427 Our results demonstrate that changes in O polysaccharide expression do not significantly influence OMV production but do affect the size and protein content of OMVs derived from both CPA(-) and OSA(-) cells; these mutant cells also exhibited different physical properties from wild-type cells. 24464462 6 47 theme polysaccharide 1071:1084 arg1 CPA 1095:1097 CPA 1095:1097 CPA 1095:1097 These knockouts have deletions in the rmd, wbpM, and wbpL genes that produce changes in the expression of common polysaccharide antigen (CPA), O-specific antigen (OSA), or both. 24464462 6 47 theme polysaccharide 1071:1084 arg1 antigen 1086:1092 common polysaccharide antigen 1064:1092 common polysaccharide antigen (CPA) 1064:1098 These knockouts have deletions in the rmd, wbpM, and wbpL genes that produce changes in the expression of common polysaccharide antigen (CPA), O-specific antigen (OSA), or both. 24464462 6 47 theme polysaccharide 1071:1084 arg1 antigen 1112:1118 O-specific antigen 1101:1118 O-specific antigen (OSA) 1101:1124 These knockouts have deletions in the rmd, wbpM, and wbpL genes that produce changes in the expression of common polysaccharide antigen (CPA), O-specific antigen (OSA), or both. 24464462 9 48 theme biofilm 1788:1794 arg1 development 1796:1806 biofilm development 1788:1806 biofilm development 1788:1806 Together these results demonstrate the importance of O polysaccharide expression on P. aeruginosa OMV composition and highlight the significance of CPA expression in biofilm development. 24464462 4 49 theme OMV 850:852 arg1 biogenesis 854:863 OMV biogenesis 850:863 OMV biogenesis 850:863 The goal of this study was to examine the relationships between changes in the cell surface expression of LPS O polysaccharides, biofilm development, and OMV biogenesis in P. aeruginosa. 24464462 9 50 dep P. 1706:1707 arg1 aeruginosa 1709:1718 aeruginosa 1709:1718 aeruginosa 1709:1718 Together these results demonstrate the importance of O polysaccharide expression on P. aeruginosa OMV composition and highlight the significance of CPA expression in biofilm development. 24464462 6 51 from changes 1035:1041 arg1 expression 1050:1059 the expression 1046:1059 the expression of common polysaccharide antigen (CPA), O-specific antigen (OSA), 1046:1125 These knockouts have deletions in the rmd, wbpM, and wbpL genes that produce changes in the expression of common polysaccharide antigen (CPA), O-specific antigen (OSA), or both. 24464462 8 52 theme cell 1575:1578 arg1 morphology 1580:1589 cell morphology 1575:1589 cell morphology 1575:1589 We further examined biofilm growth of the mutants and determined that CPA(-) cells could not develop into robust biofilms and exhibit changes in cell morphology and biofilm matrix production. 24464462 4 53 theme biofilm 825:831 arg1 development 833:843 biofilm development 825:843 biofilm development 825:843 The goal of this study was to examine the relationships between changes in the cell surface expression of LPS O polysaccharides, biofilm development, and OMV biogenesis in P. aeruginosa. 24464462 3 54 theme matrix 570:575 arg1 component 539:547 an important component 526:547 an important component of the extracellular matrix of P. aeruginosa biofilms 526:601 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have been identified as an important component of the extracellular matrix of P. aeruginosa biofilms and are thought to contribute to the development and fitness of these bacterial communities. 24464462 3 54 theme matrix 570:575 arg1 vesicles 486:493 Outer membrane vesicles 471:493 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) 471:500 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have been identified as an important component of the extracellular matrix of P. aeruginosa biofilms and are thought to contribute to the development and fitness of these bacterial communities. 24464462 8 55 theme matrix 1603:1608 arg1 production 1610:1619 biofilm matrix production 1595:1619 biofilm matrix production 1595:1619 We further examined biofilm growth of the mutants and determined that CPA(-) cells could not develop into robust biofilms and exhibit changes in cell morphology and biofilm matrix production. 24464462 6 56 contain have 974:977 arg2 deletions 979:987 deletions 979:987 deletions in the rmd, wbpM, and wbpL genes that produce changes in the expression of common polysaccharide antigen (CPA), O-specific antigen (OSA), or both 979:1133 These knockouts have deletions in the rmd, wbpM, and wbpL genes that produce changes in the expression of common polysaccharide antigen (CPA), O-specific antigen (OSA), or both. 24464462 6 56 contain have 974:977 arg1 knockouts 964:972 These knockouts 958:972 These knockouts 958:972 These knockouts have deletions in the rmd, wbpM, and wbpL genes that produce changes in the expression of common polysaccharide antigen (CPA), O-specific antigen (OSA), or both. 24464462 0 57 from biogenesis 81:90 arg1 PAO1 118:121 Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 95:121 Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 95:121 Influence of O polysaccharides on biofilm development and outer membrane vesicle biogenesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. 24464462 6 58 theme O-specific 1101:1110 arg1 OSA 1121:1123 OSA 1121:1123 OSA 1121:1123 These knockouts have deletions in the rmd, wbpM, and wbpL genes that produce changes in the expression of common polysaccharide antigen (CPA), O-specific antigen (OSA), or both. 24464462 6 58 theme O-specific 1101:1110 arg1 antigen 1112:1118 O-specific antigen 1101:1118 O-specific antigen (OSA) 1101:1124 These knockouts have deletions in the rmd, wbpM, and wbpL genes that produce changes in the expression of common polysaccharide antigen (CPA), O-specific antigen (OSA), or both. 24464462 6 58 theme O-specific 1101:1110 arg1 antigen 1086:1092 common polysaccharide antigen 1064:1092 common polysaccharide antigen (CPA) 1064:1098 These knockouts have deletions in the rmd, wbpM, and wbpL genes that produce changes in the expression of common polysaccharide antigen (CPA), O-specific antigen (OSA), or both. 24464462 3 59 theme biofilms 594:601 arg1 matrix 570:575 the extracellular matrix 552:575 the extracellular matrix of P. aeruginosa biofilms 552:601 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have been identified as an important component of the extracellular matrix of P. aeruginosa biofilms and are thought to contribute to the development and fitness of these bacterial communities. 24464462 5 60 theme wild-type 895:903 arg1 PAO1 919:922 wild-type P. aeruginosa PAO1 895:922 wild-type P. aeruginosa PAO1 895:922 We compared wild-type P. aeruginosa PAO1 with three chromosomal knockouts. 24464462 1 61 from changes 222:228 arg1 environment 237:247 its environment 233:247 its environment 233:247 Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common opportunistic human pathogen known for its ability to adapt to changes in its environment during the course of infection. 24464462 4 62 theme study 713:717 arg1 goal 700:703 The goal 696:703 The goal of this study 696:717 The goal of this study was to examine the relationships between changes in the cell surface expression of LPS O polysaccharides, biofilm development, and OMV biogenesis in P. aeruginosa. 24464462 7 63 attach derived 1301:1307 arg1 CPA 1319:1321 CPA 1319:1321 CPA 1319:1321 Our results demonstrate that changes in O polysaccharide expression do not significantly influence OMV production but do affect the size and protein content of OMVs derived from both CPA(-) and OSA(-) cells; these mutant cells also exhibited different physical properties from wild-type cells. 24464462 7 63 attach derived 1301:1307 arg1 cells 1337:1341 OSA(-) cells 1330:1341 OSA(-) cells 1330:1341 Our results demonstrate that changes in O polysaccharide expression do not significantly influence OMV production but do affect the size and protein content of OMVs derived from both CPA(-) and OSA(-) cells; these mutant cells also exhibited different physical properties from wild-type cells. 24464462 7 63 attach derived 1301:1307 arg2 OMVs 1296:1299 OMVs 1296:1299 OMVs derived from both CPA(-) and OSA(-) cells 1296:1341 Our results demonstrate that changes in O polysaccharide expression do not significantly influence OMV production but do affect the size and protein content of OMVs derived from both CPA(-) and OSA(-) cells; these mutant cells also exhibited different physical properties from wild-type cells. 24464462 0 64 theme membrane 64:71 arg1 biogenesis 81:90 outer membrane vesicle biogenesis 58:90 outer membrane vesicle biogenesis 58:90 Influence of O polysaccharides on biofilm development and outer membrane vesicle biogenesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. 24464462 6 65 theme wbpM 1001:1004 arg1 genes 1016:1020 the rmd, wbpM, and wbpL genes 992:1020 the rmd, wbpM, and wbpL genes that produce changes in the expression of common polysaccharide antigen (CPA), O-specific antigen (OSA), or both 992:1133 These knockouts have deletions in the rmd, wbpM, and wbpL genes that produce changes in the expression of common polysaccharide antigen (CPA), O-specific antigen (OSA), or both. 24464462 7 66 theme OMVs 1296:1299 arg1 size 1268:1271 the size 1264:1271 the size 1264:1271 Our results demonstrate that changes in O polysaccharide expression do not significantly influence OMV production but do affect the size and protein content of OMVs derived from both CPA(-) and OSA(-) cells; these mutant cells also exhibited different physical properties from wild-type cells. 24464462 7 66 theme OMVs 1296:1299 arg1 content 1285:1291 protein content 1277:1291 protein content 1277:1291 Our results demonstrate that changes in O polysaccharide expression do not significantly influence OMV production but do affect the size and protein content of OMVs derived from both CPA(-) and OSA(-) cells; these mutant cells also exhibited different physical properties from wild-type cells. 24464462 1 67 theme opportunistic 159:171 arg1 aeruginosa 136:145 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 124:145 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 124:145 Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common opportunistic human pathogen known for its ability to adapt to changes in its environment during the course of infection. 24464462 1 67 theme opportunistic 159:171 arg1 pathogen 179:186 a common opportunistic human pathogen 150:186 a common opportunistic human pathogen known for its ability to adapt to changes in its environment during the course of infection 150:278 Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common opportunistic human pathogen known for its ability to adapt to changes in its environment during the course of infection. 24464462 6 68 theme rmd 996:998 arg1 genes 1016:1020 the rmd, wbpM, and wbpL genes 992:1020 the rmd, wbpM, and wbpL genes that produce changes in the expression of common polysaccharide antigen (CPA), O-specific antigen (OSA), or both 992:1133 These knockouts have deletions in the rmd, wbpM, and wbpL genes that produce changes in the expression of common polysaccharide antigen (CPA), O-specific antigen (OSA), or both. 24464462 0 69 theme Pseudomonas 95:105 arg1 PAO1 118:121 Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 95:121 Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 95:121 Influence of O polysaccharides on biofilm development and outer membrane vesicle biogenesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. 24464462 9 70 theme polysaccharide 1677:1690 arg1 expression 1692:1701 O polysaccharide expression 1675:1701 O polysaccharide expression 1675:1701 Together these results demonstrate the importance of O polysaccharide expression on P. aeruginosa OMV composition and highlight the significance of CPA expression in biofilm development. 24464462 0 71 dep Pseudomonas 95:105 arg1 aeruginosa 107:116 aeruginosa 107:116 aeruginosa 107:116 Influence of O polysaccharides on biofilm development and outer membrane vesicle biogenesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. 24464462 7 72 theme protein 1277:1283 arg1 content 1285:1291 protein content 1277:1291 protein content 1277:1291 Our results demonstrate that changes in O polysaccharide expression do not significantly influence OMV production but do affect the size and protein content of OMVs derived from both CPA(-) and OSA(-) cells; these mutant cells also exhibited different physical properties from wild-type cells. 24464462 8 73 theme biofilm 1450:1456 arg1 growth 1458:1463 biofilm growth 1450:1463 biofilm growth of the mutants 1450:1478 We further examined biofilm growth of the mutants and determined that CPA(-) cells could not develop into robust biofilms and exhibit changes in cell morphology and biofilm matrix production. 24464462 6 74 from deletions 979:987 arg1 genes 1016:1020 the rmd, wbpM, and wbpL genes 992:1020 the rmd, wbpM, and wbpL genes that produce changes in the expression of common polysaccharide antigen (CPA), O-specific antigen (OSA), or both 992:1133 These knockouts have deletions in the rmd, wbpM, and wbpL genes that produce changes in the expression of common polysaccharide antigen (CPA), O-specific antigen (OSA), or both. 24464462 5 75 dep P. 905:906 arg1 aeruginosa 908:917 aeruginosa 908:917 aeruginosa 908:917 We compared wild-type P. aeruginosa PAO1 with three chromosomal knockouts. 24464462 2 76 theme extracellular 431:443 arg1 matrix 463:468 a protective extracellular exopolysaccharide matrix 418:468 a protective extracellular exopolysaccharide matrix 418:468 These adaptations include changes in the expression of cell surface lipopolysaccharide (LPS), biofilm development, and the production of a protective extracellular exopolysaccharide matrix. 24464462 0 77 theme polysaccharides 15:29 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of O polysaccharides on biofilm development and outer membrane vesicle biogenesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. 0:122 Influence of O polysaccharides on biofilm development and outer membrane vesicle biogenesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. 24464462 5 78 theme chromosomal 935:945 arg1 knockouts 947:955 three chromosomal knockouts 929:955 three chromosomal knockouts 929:955 We compared wild-type P. aeruginosa PAO1 with three chromosomal knockouts. 24464462 8 79 theme mutants 1472:1478 arg1 growth 1458:1463 biofilm growth 1450:1463 biofilm growth of the mutants 1450:1478 We further examined biofilm growth of the mutants and determined that CPA(-) cells could not develop into robust biofilms and exhibit changes in cell morphology and biofilm matrix production. 24464462 8 80 from changes 1564:1570 arg1 production 1610:1619 biofilm matrix production 1595:1619 biofilm matrix production 1595:1619 We further examined biofilm growth of the mutants and determined that CPA(-) cells could not develop into robust biofilms and exhibit changes in cell morphology and biofilm matrix production. 24464462 8 80 from changes 1564:1570 arg1 morphology 1580:1589 cell morphology 1575:1589 cell morphology 1575:1589 We further examined biofilm growth of the mutants and determined that CPA(-) cells could not develop into robust biofilms and exhibit changes in cell morphology and biofilm matrix production. 24464462 3 81 theme membrane 477:484 arg1 OMVs 496:499 OMVs 496:499 OMVs 496:499 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have been identified as an important component of the extracellular matrix of P. aeruginosa biofilms and are thought to contribute to the development and fitness of these bacterial communities. 24464462 3 81 theme membrane 477:484 arg1 component 539:547 an important component 526:547 an important component of the extracellular matrix of P. aeruginosa biofilms 526:601 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have been identified as an important component of the extracellular matrix of P. aeruginosa biofilms and are thought to contribute to the development and fitness of these bacterial communities. 24464462 3 81 theme membrane 477:484 arg1 vesicles 486:493 Outer membrane vesicles 471:493 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) 471:500 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have been identified as an important component of the extracellular matrix of P. aeruginosa biofilms and are thought to contribute to the development and fitness of these bacterial communities. 24464462 0 82 theme biofilm 34:40 arg1 development 42:52 biofilm development 34:52 biofilm development 34:52 Influence of O polysaccharides on biofilm development and outer membrane vesicle biogenesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. 24464462 4 83 theme LPS 802:804 arg1 polysaccharides 808:822 LPS O polysaccharides 802:822 LPS O polysaccharides 802:822 The goal of this study was to examine the relationships between changes in the cell surface expression of LPS O polysaccharides, biofilm development, and OMV biogenesis in P. aeruginosa. 24464462 7 84 theme OMV 1235:1237 arg1 production 1239:1248 OMV production 1235:1248 OMV production 1235:1248 Our results demonstrate that changes in O polysaccharide expression do not significantly influence OMV production but do affect the size and protein content of OMVs derived from both CPA(-) and OSA(-) cells; these mutant cells also exhibited different physical properties from wild-type cells. 24464462 2 85 theme matrix 463:468 arg1 development 383:393 biofilm development 375:393 biofilm development 375:393 These adaptations include changes in the expression of cell surface lipopolysaccharide (LPS), biofilm development, and the production of a protective extracellular exopolysaccharide matrix. 24464462 2 85 theme matrix 463:468 arg1 changes 307:313 changes 307:313 changes in the expression of cell surface lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 307:372 These adaptations include changes in the expression of cell surface lipopolysaccharide (LPS), biofilm development, and the production of a protective extracellular exopolysaccharide matrix. 24464462 2 85 theme matrix 463:468 arg1 production 404:413 the production 400:413 the production of a protective extracellular exopolysaccharide matrix 400:468 These adaptations include changes in the expression of cell surface lipopolysaccharide (LPS), biofilm development, and the production of a protective extracellular exopolysaccharide matrix. 24464462 8 86 theme CPA 1500:1502 arg1 cells 1507:1511 CPA(-) cells 1500:1511 CPA(-) cells 1500:1511 We further examined biofilm growth of the mutants and determined that CPA(-) cells could not develop into robust biofilms and exhibit changes in cell morphology and biofilm matrix production. 24464462 4 87 theme polysaccharides 808:822 arg1 expression 788:797 the cell surface expression 771:797 the cell surface expression of LPS O polysaccharides 771:822 The goal of this study was to examine the relationships between changes in the cell surface expression of LPS O polysaccharides, biofilm development, and OMV biogenesis in P. aeruginosa. 24464462 2 88 theme cell 336:339 arg1 surface 341:347 cell surface lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 336:372 cell surface lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 336:372 These adaptations include changes in the expression of cell surface lipopolysaccharide (LPS), biofilm development, and the production of a protective extracellular exopolysaccharide matrix. 24464462 2 89 from development 383:393 arg1 expression 322:331 the expression 318:331 the expression of cell surface lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 318:372 These adaptations include changes in the expression of cell surface lipopolysaccharide (LPS), biofilm development, and the production of a protective extracellular exopolysaccharide matrix. 24464462 9 90 theme CPA 1770:1772 arg1 expression 1774:1783 CPA expression 1770:1783 CPA expression 1770:1783 Together these results demonstrate the importance of O polysaccharide expression on P. aeruginosa OMV composition and highlight the significance of CPA expression in biofilm development. 24464462 4 91 theme cell 775:778 arg1 expression 788:797 the cell surface expression 771:797 the cell surface expression of LPS O polysaccharides 771:822 The goal of this study was to examine the relationships between changes in the cell surface expression of LPS O polysaccharides, biofilm development, and OMV biogenesis in P. aeruginosa. 24464462 7 92 theme wild-type 1413:1421 arg1 cells 1423:1427 wild-type cells 1413:1427 wild-type cells 1413:1427 Our results demonstrate that changes in O polysaccharide expression do not significantly influence OMV production but do affect the size and protein content of OMVs derived from both CPA(-) and OSA(-) cells; these mutant cells also exhibited different physical properties from wild-type cells. 24464462 6 93 theme antigen 1086:1092 arg1 expression 1050:1059 the expression 1046:1059 the expression of common polysaccharide antigen (CPA), O-specific antigen (OSA), 1046:1125 These knockouts have deletions in the rmd, wbpM, and wbpL genes that produce changes in the expression of common polysaccharide antigen (CPA), O-specific antigen (OSA), or both. 24464462 9 94 theme P. 1706:1707 arg1 composition 1724:1734 P. aeruginosa OMV composition 1706:1734 P. aeruginosa OMV composition 1706:1734 Together these results demonstrate the importance of O polysaccharide expression on P. aeruginosa OMV composition and highlight the significance of CPA expression in biofilm development. 25805056 0 0 theme pathologic 95:104 arg1 fracture 106:113 pathologic fracture 95:113 pathologic fracture 95:113 Preformed chitosan cryogel-biphasic calcium phosphate: a potential injectable biocomposite for pathologic fracture. 25805056 8 1 theme less-invasive 1383:1395 arg1 delivery 1397:1404 a less-invasive delivery 1381:1404 a less-invasive delivery of bone filling material for stabilizing pathologic fractures 1381:1466 The biocomposite system presents a less-invasive delivery of bone filling material for stabilizing pathologic fractures. 25805056 6 2 theme protein 1081:1087 arg1 adsorption 1089:1098 good protein adsorption 1076:1098 good protein adsorption 1076:1098 Injectable composite cryogel CSG1 (2.5 ± 0.2 N, 23G needle) exhibited good protein adsorption and biocompatibility. 25805056 7 3 theme sample 1331:1336 arg1 implants 1338:1345 the sample implants 1327:1345 the sample implants 1327:1345 Results of subcutaneous implantation in rats reveal relatively high presence of polymorphonuclear cells but with no fibrous encapsulation with the composites, allowing further infiltration of cells within the sample implants. 25805056 6 4 dep CSG1 1035:1038 arg1 2.5 ± 0.2 N 1041:1051 2.5 ± 0.2 N 1041:1051 2.5 ± 0.2 N 1041:1051 Injectable composite cryogel CSG1 (2.5 ± 0.2 N, 23G needle) exhibited good protein adsorption and biocompatibility. 25805056 6 4 dep CSG1 1035:1038 arg1 needle 1058:1063 23G needle 1054:1063 23G needle 1054:1063 Injectable composite cryogel CSG1 (2.5 ± 0.2 N, 23G needle) exhibited good protein adsorption and biocompatibility. 25805056 1 5 theme desirable 186:194 arg1 properties 212:221 its desirable physicochemical properties 182:221 its desirable physicochemical properties 182:221 The increasing interest in chitosan-based biomaterials stems from its desirable physicochemical properties. 25805056 6 6 theme good 1076:1079 arg1 adsorption 1089:1098 good protein adsorption 1076:1098 good protein adsorption 1076:1098 Injectable composite cryogel CSG1 (2.5 ± 0.2 N, 23G needle) exhibited good protein adsorption and biocompatibility. 25805056 7 7 theme cells 1314:1318 arg1 infiltration 1298:1309 further infiltration 1290:1309 further infiltration of cells within the sample implants 1290:1345 Results of subcutaneous implantation in rats reveal relatively high presence of polymorphonuclear cells but with no fibrous encapsulation with the composites, allowing further infiltration of cells within the sample implants. 25805056 7 8 theme cells 1220:1224 arg1 presence 1190:1197 relatively high presence 1174:1197 relatively high presence of polymorphonuclear cells 1174:1224 Results of subcutaneous implantation in rats reveal relatively high presence of polymorphonuclear cells but with no fibrous encapsulation with the composites, allowing further infiltration of cells within the sample implants. 25805056 2 9 theme bone 332:335 arg1 engineering 344:354 bone tissue engineering 332:354 bone tissue engineering 332:354 Although calcium phosphates have been mixed with chitosan to form injectable scaffolds, its application for bone tissue engineering has been limited and is still being explored to improve its clinical translatability. 25805056 3 10 theme gauge 620:624 arg1 needle 626:631 a small gauge needle 612:631 a small gauge needle 612:631 We report a biocomposite comprised of preformed chitosan cryogel with dispersed biphasic calcium phosphate that can flow under moderate pressure allowing passage through a small gauge needle, while maintaining sufficient integrity and strength during injection for gel recovery. 25805056 4 11 theme diffraction 839:849 arg1 analysis 851:858 X-ray diffraction analysis 833:858 X-ray diffraction analysis 833:858 The formed samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and protein adsorption measurements. 25805056 4 12 dep Fourier 762:768 arg1 transform 770:778 transform 770:778 transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and protein adsorption measurements 770:894 The formed samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and protein adsorption measurements. 25805056 4 13 theme scanning 803:810 arg1 microscopy 821:830 scanning electron microscopy 803:830 scanning electron microscopy 803:830 The formed samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and protein adsorption measurements. 25805056 8 14 theme material 1422:1429 arg1 delivery 1397:1404 a less-invasive delivery 1381:1404 a less-invasive delivery of bone filling material for stabilizing pathologic fractures 1381:1466 The biocomposite system presents a less-invasive delivery of bone filling material for stabilizing pathologic fractures. 25805056 5 15 with Composite 897:905 arg1 phosphate 936:944 1% w/v biphasic calcium phosphate 912:944 1% w/v biphasic calcium phosphate (CSG1) 912:951 Composite with 1% w/v biphasic calcium phosphate (CSG1) resulted in a homogeneous and rigid final structure. 25805056 5 15 with Composite 897:905 arg1 CSG1 947:950 CSG1 947:950 CSG1 947:950 Composite with 1% w/v biphasic calcium phosphate (CSG1) resulted in a homogeneous and rigid final structure. 25805056 8 16 theme filling 1414:1420 arg1 material 1422:1429 bone filling material 1409:1429 bone filling material 1409:1429 The biocomposite system presents a less-invasive delivery of bone filling material for stabilizing pathologic fractures. 25805056 5 17 theme calcium 928:934 arg1 phosphate 936:944 1% w/v biphasic calcium phosphate 912:944 1% w/v biphasic calcium phosphate (CSG1) 912:951 Composite with 1% w/v biphasic calcium phosphate (CSG1) resulted in a homogeneous and rigid final structure. 25805056 5 17 theme calcium 928:934 arg1 CSG1 947:950 CSG1 947:950 CSG1 947:950 Composite with 1% w/v biphasic calcium phosphate (CSG1) resulted in a homogeneous and rigid final structure. 25805056 4 18 theme protein 864:870 arg1 measurements 883:894 protein adsorption measurements 864:894 protein adsorption measurements 864:894 The formed samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and protein adsorption measurements. 25805056 1 19 theme physicochemical 196:210 arg1 properties 212:221 its desirable physicochemical properties 182:221 its desirable physicochemical properties 182:221 The increasing interest in chitosan-based biomaterials stems from its desirable physicochemical properties. 25805056 5 20 theme rigid 983:987 arg1 structure 995:1003 a homogeneous and rigid final structure 965:1003 structure 995:1003 Composite with 1% w/v biphasic calcium phosphate (CSG1) resulted in a homogeneous and rigid final structure. 25805056 7 21 theme polymorphonuclear 1202:1218 arg1 cells 1220:1224 polymorphonuclear cells 1202:1224 polymorphonuclear cells 1202:1224 Results of subcutaneous implantation in rats reveal relatively high presence of polymorphonuclear cells but with no fibrous encapsulation with the composites, allowing further infiltration of cells within the sample implants. 25805056 5 22 theme 1 912:912 arg1 % 913:913 % 913:913 % 913:913 Composite with 1% w/v biphasic calcium phosphate (CSG1) resulted in a homogeneous and rigid final structure. 25805056 3 23 theme chitosan 490:497 arg1 cryogel 499:505 preformed chitosan cryogel 480:505 preformed chitosan cryogel with dispersed biphasic calcium phosphate that can flow under moderate pressure allowing passage through a small gauge needle, while maintaining sufficient integrity and strength during injection for gel recovery 480:718 We report a biocomposite comprised of preformed chitosan cryogel with dispersed biphasic calcium phosphate that can flow under moderate pressure allowing passage through a small gauge needle, while maintaining sufficient integrity and strength during injection for gel recovery. 25805056 0 24 theme chitosan 10:17 arg1 phosphate 44:52 Preformed chitosan cryogel-biphasic calcium phosphate 0:52 Preformed chitosan cryogel-biphasic calcium phosphate: a potential injectable biocomposite for pathologic fracture. 0:114 Preformed chitosan cryogel-biphasic calcium phosphate: a potential injectable biocomposite for pathologic fracture. 25805056 7 25 theme high 1185:1188 arg1 presence 1190:1197 relatively high presence 1174:1197 relatively high presence of polymorphonuclear cells 1174:1224 Results of subcutaneous implantation in rats reveal relatively high presence of polymorphonuclear cells but with no fibrous encapsulation with the composites, allowing further infiltration of cells within the sample implants. 25805056 2 26 theme clinical 416:423 arg1 translatability 425:439 its clinical translatability 412:439 its clinical translatability 412:439 Although calcium phosphates have been mixed with chitosan to form injectable scaffolds, its application for bone tissue engineering has been limited and is still being explored to improve its clinical translatability. 25805056 0 27 theme Preformed 0:8 arg1 phosphate 44:52 Preformed chitosan cryogel-biphasic calcium phosphate 0:52 Preformed chitosan cryogel-biphasic calcium phosphate: a potential injectable biocomposite for pathologic fracture. 0:114 Preformed chitosan cryogel-biphasic calcium phosphate: a potential injectable biocomposite for pathologic fracture. 25805056 8 28 theme pathologic 1447:1456 arg1 fractures 1458:1466 pathologic fractures 1447:1466 pathologic fractures 1447:1466 The biocomposite system presents a less-invasive delivery of bone filling material for stabilizing pathologic fractures. 25805056 8 29 theme biocomposite 1352:1363 arg1 system 1365:1370 The biocomposite system 1348:1370 The biocomposite system 1348:1370 The biocomposite system presents a less-invasive delivery of bone filling material for stabilizing pathologic fractures. 25805056 1 30 from interest 131:138 arg1 biomaterials 158:169 chitosan-based biomaterials 143:169 chitosan-based biomaterials 143:169 The increasing interest in chitosan-based biomaterials stems from its desirable physicochemical properties. 25805056 4 31 theme electron 812:819 arg1 microscopy 821:830 scanning electron microscopy 803:830 scanning electron microscopy 803:830 The formed samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and protein adsorption measurements. 25805056 0 32 theme calcium 36:42 arg1 phosphate 44:52 Preformed chitosan cryogel-biphasic calcium phosphate 0:52 Preformed chitosan cryogel-biphasic calcium phosphate: a potential injectable biocomposite for pathologic fracture. 0:114 Preformed chitosan cryogel-biphasic calcium phosphate: a potential injectable biocomposite for pathologic fracture. 25805056 6 33 theme 23G 1054:1056 arg1 2.5 ± 0.2 N 1041:1051 2.5 ± 0.2 N 1041:1051 2.5 ± 0.2 N 1041:1051 Injectable composite cryogel CSG1 (2.5 ± 0.2 N, 23G needle) exhibited good protein adsorption and biocompatibility. 25805056 6 33 theme 23G 1054:1056 arg1 needle 1058:1063 23G needle 1054:1063 23G needle 1054:1063 Injectable composite cryogel CSG1 (2.5 ± 0.2 N, 23G needle) exhibited good protein adsorption and biocompatibility. 25805056 3 34 with cryogel 499:505 arg1 phosphate 539:547 dispersed biphasic calcium phosphate 512:547 dispersed biphasic calcium phosphate that can flow under moderate pressure allowing passage through a small gauge needle, while maintaining sufficient integrity and strength during injection for gel recovery 512:718 We report a biocomposite comprised of preformed chitosan cryogel with dispersed biphasic calcium phosphate that can flow under moderate pressure allowing passage through a small gauge needle, while maintaining sufficient integrity and strength during injection for gel recovery. 25805056 3 35 theme small 614:618 arg1 needle 626:631 a small gauge needle 612:631 a small gauge needle 612:631 We report a biocomposite comprised of preformed chitosan cryogel with dispersed biphasic calcium phosphate that can flow under moderate pressure allowing passage through a small gauge needle, while maintaining sufficient integrity and strength during injection for gel recovery. 25805056 3 36 theme dispersed 512:520 arg1 phosphate 539:547 dispersed biphasic calcium phosphate 512:547 dispersed biphasic calcium phosphate that can flow under moderate pressure allowing passage through a small gauge needle, while maintaining sufficient integrity and strength during injection for gel recovery 512:718 We report a biocomposite comprised of preformed chitosan cryogel with dispersed biphasic calcium phosphate that can flow under moderate pressure allowing passage through a small gauge needle, while maintaining sufficient integrity and strength during injection for gel recovery. 25805056 0 37 theme cryogel-biphasic 19:34 arg1 phosphate 44:52 Preformed chitosan cryogel-biphasic calcium phosphate 0:52 Preformed chitosan cryogel-biphasic calcium phosphate: a potential injectable biocomposite for pathologic fracture. 0:114 Preformed chitosan cryogel-biphasic calcium phosphate: a potential injectable biocomposite for pathologic fracture. 25805056 1 38 theme increasing 120:129 arg1 interest 131:138 The increasing interest 116:138 The increasing interest in chitosan-based biomaterials 116:169 The increasing interest in chitosan-based biomaterials stems from its desirable physicochemical properties. 25805056 7 39 with encapsulation 1246:1258 arg1 composites 1269:1278 the composites 1265:1278 the composites 1265:1278 Results of subcutaneous implantation in rats reveal relatively high presence of polymorphonuclear cells but with no fibrous encapsulation with the composites, allowing further infiltration of cells within the sample implants. 25805056 3 40 theme biphasic 522:529 arg1 phosphate 539:547 dispersed biphasic calcium phosphate 512:547 dispersed biphasic calcium phosphate that can flow under moderate pressure allowing passage through a small gauge needle, while maintaining sufficient integrity and strength during injection for gel recovery 512:718 We report a biocomposite comprised of preformed chitosan cryogel with dispersed biphasic calcium phosphate that can flow under moderate pressure allowing passage through a small gauge needle, while maintaining sufficient integrity and strength during injection for gel recovery. 25805056 7 41 theme further 1290:1296 arg1 infiltration 1298:1309 further infiltration 1290:1309 further infiltration of cells within the sample implants 1290:1345 Results of subcutaneous implantation in rats reveal relatively high presence of polymorphonuclear cells but with no fibrous encapsulation with the composites, allowing further infiltration of cells within the sample implants. 25805056 3 42 theme sufficient 652:661 arg1 integrity 663:671 sufficient integrity 652:671 sufficient integrity 652:671 We report a biocomposite comprised of preformed chitosan cryogel with dispersed biphasic calcium phosphate that can flow under moderate pressure allowing passage through a small gauge needle, while maintaining sufficient integrity and strength during injection for gel recovery. 25805056 7 43 theme fibrous 1238:1244 arg1 encapsulation 1246:1258 no fibrous encapsulation 1235:1258 no fibrous encapsulation with the composites 1235:1278 Results of subcutaneous implantation in rats reveal relatively high presence of polymorphonuclear cells but with no fibrous encapsulation with the composites, allowing further infiltration of cells within the sample implants. 25805056 3 44 theme preformed 480:488 arg1 cryogel 499:505 preformed chitosan cryogel 480:505 preformed chitosan cryogel with dispersed biphasic calcium phosphate that can flow under moderate pressure allowing passage through a small gauge needle, while maintaining sufficient integrity and strength during injection for gel recovery 480:718 We report a biocomposite comprised of preformed chitosan cryogel with dispersed biphasic calcium phosphate that can flow under moderate pressure allowing passage through a small gauge needle, while maintaining sufficient integrity and strength during injection for gel recovery. 25805056 7 45 from rats 1162:1165 arg1 Results 1122:1128 Results 1122:1128 Results of subcutaneous implantation in rats 1122:1165 Results of subcutaneous implantation in rats reveal relatively high presence of polymorphonuclear cells but with no fibrous encapsulation with the composites, allowing further infiltration of cells within the sample implants. 25805056 5 46 theme % 913:913 arg1 phosphate 936:944 1% w/v biphasic calcium phosphate 912:944 1% w/v biphasic calcium phosphate (CSG1) 912:951 Composite with 1% w/v biphasic calcium phosphate (CSG1) resulted in a homogeneous and rigid final structure. 25805056 5 46 theme % 913:913 arg1 CSG1 947:950 CSG1 947:950 CSG1 947:950 Composite with 1% w/v biphasic calcium phosphate (CSG1) resulted in a homogeneous and rigid final structure. 25805056 0 47 theme potential 57:65 arg1 biocomposite 78:89 a potential injectable biocomposite 55:89 Preformed chitosan cryogel-biphasic calcium phosphate: a potential injectable biocomposite for pathologic fracture. 0:114 Preformed chitosan cryogel-biphasic calcium phosphate: a potential injectable biocomposite for pathologic fracture. 25805056 7 48 theme subcutaneous 1133:1144 arg1 implantation 1146:1157 subcutaneous implantation 1133:1157 subcutaneous implantation in rats 1133:1165 Results of subcutaneous implantation in rats reveal relatively high presence of polymorphonuclear cells but with no fibrous encapsulation with the composites, allowing further infiltration of cells within the sample implants. 25805056 3 49 theme gel 707:709 arg1 recovery 711:718 gel recovery 707:718 gel recovery 707:718 We report a biocomposite comprised of preformed chitosan cryogel with dispersed biphasic calcium phosphate that can flow under moderate pressure allowing passage through a small gauge needle, while maintaining sufficient integrity and strength during injection for gel recovery. 25805056 5 50 theme final 989:993 arg1 structure 995:1003 a homogeneous and rigid final structure 965:1003 structure 995:1003 Composite with 1% w/v biphasic calcium phosphate (CSG1) resulted in a homogeneous and rigid final structure. 25805056 6 51 theme cryogel 1027:1033 arg1 CSG1 1035:1038 Injectable composite cryogel CSG1 1006:1038 Injectable composite cryogel CSG1 (2.5 ± 0.2 N, 23G needle) 1006:1064 Injectable composite cryogel CSG1 (2.5 ± 0.2 N, 23G needle) exhibited good protein adsorption and biocompatibility. 25805056 7 52 theme implantation 1146:1157 arg1 Results 1122:1128 Results 1122:1128 Results of subcutaneous implantation in rats 1122:1165 Results of subcutaneous implantation in rats reveal relatively high presence of polymorphonuclear cells but with no fibrous encapsulation with the composites, allowing further infiltration of cells within the sample implants. 25805056 0 53 dep phosphate 44:52 arg1 biocomposite 78:89 a potential injectable biocomposite 55:89 Preformed chitosan cryogel-biphasic calcium phosphate: a potential injectable biocomposite for pathologic fracture. 0:114 Preformed chitosan cryogel-biphasic calcium phosphate: a potential injectable biocomposite for pathologic fracture. 25805056 8 54 theme bone 1409:1412 arg1 material 1422:1429 bone filling material 1409:1429 bone filling material 1409:1429 The biocomposite system presents a less-invasive delivery of bone filling material for stabilizing pathologic fractures. 25805056 2 55 theme tissue 337:342 arg1 engineering 344:354 bone tissue engineering 332:354 bone tissue engineering 332:354 Although calcium phosphates have been mixed with chitosan to form injectable scaffolds, its application for bone tissue engineering has been limited and is still being explored to improve its clinical translatability. 25805056 6 56 theme composite 1017:1025 arg1 CSG1 1035:1038 Injectable composite cryogel CSG1 1006:1038 Injectable composite cryogel CSG1 (2.5 ± 0.2 N, 23G needle) 1006:1064 Injectable composite cryogel CSG1 (2.5 ± 0.2 N, 23G needle) exhibited good protein adsorption and biocompatibility. 25805056 1 57 theme chitosan-based 143:156 arg1 biomaterials 158:169 chitosan-based biomaterials 143:169 chitosan-based biomaterials 143:169 The increasing interest in chitosan-based biomaterials stems from its desirable physicochemical properties. 25805056 4 58 theme X-ray 833:837 arg1 analysis 851:858 X-ray diffraction analysis 833:858 X-ray diffraction analysis 833:858 The formed samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and protein adsorption measurements. 25805056 7 59 from Results 1122:1128 arg1 rats 1162:1165 rats 1162:1165 rats 1162:1165 Results of subcutaneous implantation in rats reveal relatively high presence of polymorphonuclear cells but with no fibrous encapsulation with the composites, allowing further infiltration of cells within the sample implants. 25805056 4 60 theme adsorption 872:881 arg1 measurements 883:894 protein adsorption measurements 864:894 protein adsorption measurements 864:894 The formed samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and protein adsorption measurements. 25805056 4 61 theme formed 725:730 arg1 samples 732:738 The formed samples 721:738 The formed samples 721:738 The formed samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and protein adsorption measurements. 25805056 3 62 theme calcium 531:537 arg1 phosphate 539:547 dispersed biphasic calcium phosphate 512:547 dispersed biphasic calcium phosphate that can flow under moderate pressure allowing passage through a small gauge needle, while maintaining sufficient integrity and strength during injection for gel recovery 512:718 We report a biocomposite comprised of preformed chitosan cryogel with dispersed biphasic calcium phosphate that can flow under moderate pressure allowing passage through a small gauge needle, while maintaining sufficient integrity and strength during injection for gel recovery. 25805056 2 63 theme calcium 233:239 arg1 phosphates 241:250 calcium phosphates 233:250 calcium phosphates 233:250 Although calcium phosphates have been mixed with chitosan to form injectable scaffolds, its application for bone tissue engineering has been limited and is still being explored to improve its clinical translatability. 25805056 2 64 theme injectable 290:299 arg1 scaffolds 301:309 injectable scaffolds 290:309 injectable scaffolds 290:309 Although calcium phosphates have been mixed with chitosan to form injectable scaffolds, its application for bone tissue engineering has been limited and is still being explored to improve its clinical translatability. 25805056 5 65 theme biphasic 919:926 arg1 phosphate 936:944 1% w/v biphasic calcium phosphate 912:944 1% w/v biphasic calcium phosphate (CSG1) 912:951 Composite with 1% w/v biphasic calcium phosphate (CSG1) resulted in a homogeneous and rigid final structure. 25805056 5 65 theme biphasic 919:926 arg1 CSG1 947:950 CSG1 947:950 CSG1 947:950 Composite with 1% w/v biphasic calcium phosphate (CSG1) resulted in a homogeneous and rigid final structure. 25805056 3 66 theme moderate 569:576 arg1 pressure 578:585 moderate pressure 569:585 moderate pressure 569:585 We report a biocomposite comprised of preformed chitosan cryogel with dispersed biphasic calcium phosphate that can flow under moderate pressure allowing passage through a small gauge needle, while maintaining sufficient integrity and strength during injection for gel recovery. 25805056 0 67 theme injectable 67:76 arg1 biocomposite 78:89 a potential injectable biocomposite 55:89 Preformed chitosan cryogel-biphasic calcium phosphate: a potential injectable biocomposite for pathologic fracture. 0:114 Preformed chitosan cryogel-biphasic calcium phosphate: a potential injectable biocomposite for pathologic fracture. 25805056 6 68 theme Injectable 1006:1015 arg1 CSG1 1035:1038 Injectable composite cryogel CSG1 1006:1038 Injectable composite cryogel CSG1 (2.5 ± 0.2 N, 23G needle) 1006:1064 Injectable composite cryogel CSG1 (2.5 ± 0.2 N, 23G needle) exhibited good protein adsorption and biocompatibility. 25805056 5 69 theme w/v 915:917 arg1 phosphate 936:944 1% w/v biphasic calcium phosphate 912:944 1% w/v biphasic calcium phosphate (CSG1) 912:951 Composite with 1% w/v biphasic calcium phosphate (CSG1) resulted in a homogeneous and rigid final structure. 25805056 5 69 theme w/v 915:917 arg1 CSG1 947:950 CSG1 947:950 CSG1 947:950 Composite with 1% w/v biphasic calcium phosphate (CSG1) resulted in a homogeneous and rigid final structure. 25805056 4 70 dep transform 770:778 arg1 infrared 780:787 infrared 780:787 transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and protein adsorption measurements 770:894 The formed samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and protein adsorption measurements. 25805056 7 71 from implantation 1146:1157 arg1 rats 1162:1165 rats 1162:1165 rats 1162:1165 Results of subcutaneous implantation in rats reveal relatively high presence of polymorphonuclear cells but with no fibrous encapsulation with the composites, allowing further infiltration of cells within the sample implants. 23794053 2 0 from differences 574:584 arg1 OMPs 617:620 OMPs 617:620 OMPs expressing capacity 617:640 Presented results showed that there were differences between E. coli K1- strains in OMPs expressing capacity. 23794053 0 1 theme Escherichia 66:76 arg1 strains 83:89 Escherichia coli strains 66:89 Escherichia coli strains that have lost the ability to form K1 antigen and varied in the susceptibility to normal human serum 66:190 Analysis of the SDS-PAGE patterns of outer membrane proteins from Escherichia coli strains that have lost the ability to form K1 antigen and varied in the susceptibility to normal human serum. 23794053 1 2 theme Escherichia 313:323 arg1 strains 333:339 19 Escherichia coli K1 strains 310:339 19 Escherichia coli K1 strains that have spontaneously lost the ability to form K1 polysaccharide capsule (E. coli K1-) and demonstrated different degrees of susceptibility to the bactericidal action of normal human serum 310:530 We used SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to investigate the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) band composition of 19 Escherichia coli K1 strains that have spontaneously lost the ability to form K1 polysaccharide capsule (E. coli K1-) and demonstrated different degrees of susceptibility to the bactericidal action of normal human serum. 23794053 1 3 used used 196:199 arg2 We 193:194 We 193:194 We 193:194 We used SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to investigate the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) band composition of 19 Escherichia coli K1 strains that have spontaneously lost the ability to form K1 polysaccharide capsule (E. coli K1-) and demonstrated different degrees of susceptibility to the bactericidal action of normal human serum. 23794053 3 4 theme direct 693:698 arg1 association 700:710 a direct association 691:710 a direct association between the different OMPs band composition and the susceptibility of these strains to the serum 691:807 The analysis performed on OMPs has not revealed a direct association between the different OMPs band composition and the susceptibility of these strains to the serum. 23794053 3 5 theme strains 788:794 arg1 composition 744:754 the different OMPs band composition 720:754 the different OMPs band composition 720:754 The analysis performed on OMPs has not revealed a direct association between the different OMPs band composition and the susceptibility of these strains to the serum. 23794053 3 5 theme strains 788:794 arg1 susceptibility 764:777 the susceptibility 760:777 the susceptibility of these strains to the serum 760:807 The analysis performed on OMPs has not revealed a direct association between the different OMPs band composition and the susceptibility of these strains to the serum. 23794053 1 6 theme K1 330:331 arg1 strains 333:339 19 Escherichia coli K1 strains 310:339 19 Escherichia coli K1 strains that have spontaneously lost the ability to form K1 polysaccharide capsule (E. coli K1-) and demonstrated different degrees of susceptibility to the bactericidal action of normal human serum 310:530 We used SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to investigate the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) band composition of 19 Escherichia coli K1 strains that have spontaneously lost the ability to form K1 polysaccharide capsule (E. coli K1-) and demonstrated different degrees of susceptibility to the bactericidal action of normal human serum. 23794053 1 7 theme E. 417:418 arg1 capsule 408:414 K1 polysaccharide capsule 390:414 K1 polysaccharide capsule (E. coli K1-) 390:428 We used SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to investigate the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) band composition of 19 Escherichia coli K1 strains that have spontaneously lost the ability to form K1 polysaccharide capsule (E. coli K1-) and demonstrated different degrees of susceptibility to the bactericidal action of normal human serum. 23794053 1 7 theme E. 417:418 arg1 K1- 425:427 E. coli K1- 417:427 E. coli K1- 417:427 We used SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to investigate the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) band composition of 19 Escherichia coli K1 strains that have spontaneously lost the ability to form K1 polysaccharide capsule (E. coli K1-) and demonstrated different degrees of susceptibility to the bactericidal action of normal human serum. 23794053 2 8 theme K1- 602:604 arg1 strains 606:612 E. coli K1- strains 594:612 E. coli K1- strains 594:612 Presented results showed that there were differences between E. coli K1- strains in OMPs expressing capacity. 23794053 1 9 theme strains 333:339 arg1 composition 295:305 the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) band composition 255:305 the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) band composition of 19 Escherichia coli K1 strains that have spontaneously lost the ability to form K1 polysaccharide capsule (E. coli K1-) and demonstrated different degrees of susceptibility to the bactericidal action of normal human serum 255:530 We used SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to investigate the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) band composition of 19 Escherichia coli K1 strains that have spontaneously lost the ability to form K1 polysaccharide capsule (E. coli K1-) and demonstrated different degrees of susceptibility to the bactericidal action of normal human serum. 23794053 0 10 theme human 180:184 arg1 serum 186:190 normal human serum 173:190 normal human serum 173:190 Analysis of the SDS-PAGE patterns of outer membrane proteins from Escherichia coli strains that have lost the ability to form K1 antigen and varied in the susceptibility to normal human serum. 23794053 1 11 theme normal 513:518 arg1 serum 526:530 normal human serum 513:530 normal human serum 513:530 We used SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to investigate the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) band composition of 19 Escherichia coli K1 strains that have spontaneously lost the ability to form K1 polysaccharide capsule (E. coli K1-) and demonstrated different degrees of susceptibility to the bactericidal action of normal human serum. 23794053 0 12 theme normal 173:178 arg1 serum 186:190 normal human serum 173:190 normal human serum 173:190 Analysis of the SDS-PAGE patterns of outer membrane proteins from Escherichia coli strains that have lost the ability to form K1 antigen and varied in the susceptibility to normal human serum. 23794053 1 13 theme human 520:524 arg1 serum 526:530 normal human serum 513:530 normal human serum 513:530 We used SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to investigate the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) band composition of 19 Escherichia coli K1 strains that have spontaneously lost the ability to form K1 polysaccharide capsule (E. coli K1-) and demonstrated different degrees of susceptibility to the bactericidal action of normal human serum. 23794053 3 14 theme OMPs 734:737 arg1 composition 744:754 the different OMPs band composition 720:754 the different OMPs band composition 720:754 The analysis performed on OMPs has not revealed a direct association between the different OMPs band composition and the susceptibility of these strains to the serum. 23794053 2 15 dep E. 594:595 arg1 coli 597:600 coli 597:600 coli 597:600 Presented results showed that there were differences between E. coli K1- strains in OMPs expressing capacity. 23794053 0 16 from patterns 25:32 arg1 strains 83:89 Escherichia coli strains 66:89 Escherichia coli strains that have lost the ability to form K1 antigen and varied in the susceptibility to normal human serum 66:190 Analysis of the SDS-PAGE patterns of outer membrane proteins from Escherichia coli strains that have lost the ability to form K1 antigen and varied in the susceptibility to normal human serum. 23794053 2 17 theme E. 594:595 arg1 strains 606:612 E. coli K1- strains 594:612 E. coli K1- strains 594:612 Presented results showed that there were differences between E. coli K1- strains in OMPs expressing capacity. 23794053 1 18 dep Escherichia 313:323 arg1 coli 325:328 coli 325:328 coli 325:328 We used SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to investigate the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) band composition of 19 Escherichia coli K1 strains that have spontaneously lost the ability to form K1 polysaccharide capsule (E. coli K1-) and demonstrated different degrees of susceptibility to the bactericidal action of normal human serum. 23794053 1 19 theme serum 526:530 arg1 action 503:508 the bactericidal action 486:508 the bactericidal action of normal human serum 486:530 We used SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to investigate the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) band composition of 19 Escherichia coli K1 strains that have spontaneously lost the ability to form K1 polysaccharide capsule (E. coli K1-) and demonstrated different degrees of susceptibility to the bactericidal action of normal human serum. 23794053 1 20 theme outer 259:263 arg1 proteins 274:281 outer membrane proteins 259:281 the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) band composition of 19 Escherichia coli K1 strains that have spontaneously lost the ability to form K1 polysaccharide capsule (E. coli K1-) and demonstrated different degrees of susceptibility to the bactericidal action of normal human serum 255:530 We used SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to investigate the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) band composition of 19 Escherichia coli K1 strains that have spontaneously lost the ability to form K1 polysaccharide capsule (E. coli K1-) and demonstrated different degrees of susceptibility to the bactericidal action of normal human serum. 23794053 1 20 theme outer 259:263 arg1 OMPs 284:287 OMPs 284:287 OMPs 284:287 We used SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to investigate the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) band composition of 19 Escherichia coli K1 strains that have spontaneously lost the ability to form K1 polysaccharide capsule (E. coli K1-) and demonstrated different degrees of susceptibility to the bactericidal action of normal human serum. 23794053 0 21 from strains 83:89 arg1 proteins 52:59 outer membrane proteins 37:59 outer membrane proteins from Escherichia coli strains that have lost the ability to form K1 antigen and varied in the susceptibility to normal human serum 37:190 Analysis of the SDS-PAGE patterns of outer membrane proteins from Escherichia coli strains that have lost the ability to form K1 antigen and varied in the susceptibility to normal human serum. 23794053 0 21 from strains 83:89 arg1 patterns 25:32 the SDS-PAGE patterns 12:32 the SDS-PAGE patterns of outer membrane proteins from Escherichia coli strains that have lost the ability to form K1 antigen and varied in the susceptibility to normal human serum 12:190 Analysis of the SDS-PAGE patterns of outer membrane proteins from Escherichia coli strains that have lost the ability to form K1 antigen and varied in the susceptibility to normal human serum. 23794053 0 22 dep Escherichia 66:76 arg1 coli 78:81 coli 78:81 coli 78:81 Analysis of the SDS-PAGE patterns of outer membrane proteins from Escherichia coli strains that have lost the ability to form K1 antigen and varied in the susceptibility to normal human serum. 23794053 0 23 theme SDS-PAGE 16:23 arg1 patterns 25:32 the SDS-PAGE patterns 12:32 the SDS-PAGE patterns of outer membrane proteins from Escherichia coli strains that have lost the ability to form K1 antigen and varied in the susceptibility to normal human serum 12:190 Analysis of the SDS-PAGE patterns of outer membrane proteins from Escherichia coli strains that have lost the ability to form K1 antigen and varied in the susceptibility to normal human serum. 23794053 1 24 theme membrane 265:272 arg1 proteins 274:281 outer membrane proteins 259:281 the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) band composition of 19 Escherichia coli K1 strains that have spontaneously lost the ability to form K1 polysaccharide capsule (E. coli K1-) and demonstrated different degrees of susceptibility to the bactericidal action of normal human serum 255:530 We used SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to investigate the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) band composition of 19 Escherichia coli K1 strains that have spontaneously lost the ability to form K1 polysaccharide capsule (E. coli K1-) and demonstrated different degrees of susceptibility to the bactericidal action of normal human serum. 23794053 1 24 theme membrane 265:272 arg1 OMPs 284:287 OMPs 284:287 OMPs 284:287 We used SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to investigate the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) band composition of 19 Escherichia coli K1 strains that have spontaneously lost the ability to form K1 polysaccharide capsule (E. coli K1-) and demonstrated different degrees of susceptibility to the bactericidal action of normal human serum. 23794053 1 25 theme proteins 274:281 arg1 composition 295:305 the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) band composition 255:305 the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) band composition of 19 Escherichia coli K1 strains that have spontaneously lost the ability to form K1 polysaccharide capsule (E. coli K1-) and demonstrated different degrees of susceptibility to the bactericidal action of normal human serum 255:530 We used SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to investigate the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) band composition of 19 Escherichia coli K1 strains that have spontaneously lost the ability to form K1 polysaccharide capsule (E. coli K1-) and demonstrated different degrees of susceptibility to the bactericidal action of normal human serum. 23794053 0 26 theme patterns 25:32 arg1 Analysis 0:7 Analysis 0:7 Analysis of the SDS-PAGE patterns of outer membrane proteins from Escherichia coli strains that have lost the ability to form K1 antigen and varied in the susceptibility to normal human serum. 0:191 Analysis of the SDS-PAGE patterns of outer membrane proteins from Escherichia coli strains that have lost the ability to form K1 antigen and varied in the susceptibility to normal human serum. 23794053 1 27 theme different 447:455 arg1 degrees 457:463 different degrees 447:463 different degrees of susceptibility to the bactericidal action of normal human serum 447:530 We used SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to investigate the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) band composition of 19 Escherichia coli K1 strains that have spontaneously lost the ability to form K1 polysaccharide capsule (E. coli K1-) and demonstrated different degrees of susceptibility to the bactericidal action of normal human serum. 23794053 0 28 theme membrane 43:50 arg1 proteins 52:59 outer membrane proteins 37:59 outer membrane proteins from Escherichia coli strains that have lost the ability to form K1 antigen and varied in the susceptibility to normal human serum 37:190 Analysis of the SDS-PAGE patterns of outer membrane proteins from Escherichia coli strains that have lost the ability to form K1 antigen and varied in the susceptibility to normal human serum. 23794053 3 29 theme different 724:732 arg1 composition 744:754 the different OMPs band composition 720:754 the different OMPs band composition 720:754 The analysis performed on OMPs has not revealed a direct association between the different OMPs band composition and the susceptibility of these strains to the serum. 23794053 0 30 theme outer 37:41 arg1 proteins 52:59 outer membrane proteins 37:59 outer membrane proteins from Escherichia coli strains that have lost the ability to form K1 antigen and varied in the susceptibility to normal human serum 37:190 Analysis of the SDS-PAGE patterns of outer membrane proteins from Escherichia coli strains that have lost the ability to form K1 antigen and varied in the susceptibility to normal human serum. 23794053 1 31 theme band 290:293 arg1 composition 295:305 the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) band composition 255:305 the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) band composition of 19 Escherichia coli K1 strains that have spontaneously lost the ability to form K1 polysaccharide capsule (E. coli K1-) and demonstrated different degrees of susceptibility to the bactericidal action of normal human serum 255:530 We used SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to investigate the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) band composition of 19 Escherichia coli K1 strains that have spontaneously lost the ability to form K1 polysaccharide capsule (E. coli K1-) and demonstrated different degrees of susceptibility to the bactericidal action of normal human serum. 23794053 0 32 theme K1 126:127 arg1 antigen 129:135 K1 antigen 126:135 K1 antigen 126:135 Analysis of the SDS-PAGE patterns of outer membrane proteins from Escherichia coli strains that have lost the ability to form K1 antigen and varied in the susceptibility to normal human serum. 23794053 1 33 dep E. 417:418 arg1 coli 420:423 coli 420:423 coli 420:423 We used SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to investigate the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) band composition of 19 Escherichia coli K1 strains that have spontaneously lost the ability to form K1 polysaccharide capsule (E. coli K1-) and demonstrated different degrees of susceptibility to the bactericidal action of normal human serum. 23794053 3 34 theme band 739:742 arg1 composition 744:754 the different OMPs band composition 720:754 the different OMPs band composition 720:754 The analysis performed on OMPs has not revealed a direct association between the different OMPs band composition and the susceptibility of these strains to the serum. 23794053 2 35 theme Presented 533:541 arg1 results 543:549 Presented results 533:549 Presented results 533:549 Presented results showed that there were differences between E. coli K1- strains in OMPs expressing capacity. 23794053 1 36 theme susceptibility 468:481 arg1 degrees 457:463 different degrees 447:463 different degrees of susceptibility to the bactericidal action of normal human serum 447:530 We used SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to investigate the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) band composition of 19 Escherichia coli K1 strains that have spontaneously lost the ability to form K1 polysaccharide capsule (E. coli K1-) and demonstrated different degrees of susceptibility to the bactericidal action of normal human serum. 23794053 1 37 theme K1 390:391 arg1 capsule 408:414 K1 polysaccharide capsule 390:414 K1 polysaccharide capsule (E. coli K1-) 390:428 We used SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to investigate the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) band composition of 19 Escherichia coli K1 strains that have spontaneously lost the ability to form K1 polysaccharide capsule (E. coli K1-) and demonstrated different degrees of susceptibility to the bactericidal action of normal human serum. 23794053 1 37 theme K1 390:391 arg1 K1- 425:427 E. coli K1- 417:427 E. coli K1- 417:427 We used SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to investigate the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) band composition of 19 Escherichia coli K1 strains that have spontaneously lost the ability to form K1 polysaccharide capsule (E. coli K1-) and demonstrated different degrees of susceptibility to the bactericidal action of normal human serum. 23794053 1 38 dep ability 374:380 arg1 form 385:388 form 385:388 to form K1 polysaccharide capsule (E. coli K1-) 382:428 We used SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to investigate the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) band composition of 19 Escherichia coli K1 strains that have spontaneously lost the ability to form K1 polysaccharide capsule (E. coli K1-) and demonstrated different degrees of susceptibility to the bactericidal action of normal human serum. 23794053 1 38 dep ability 374:380 arg1 demonstrated 434:445 demonstrated 434:445 demonstrated different degrees of susceptibility to the bactericidal action of normal human serum 434:530 We used SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to investigate the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) band composition of 19 Escherichia coli K1 strains that have spontaneously lost the ability to form K1 polysaccharide capsule (E. coli K1-) and demonstrated different degrees of susceptibility to the bactericidal action of normal human serum. 23794053 1 39 theme polysaccharide 393:406 arg1 capsule 408:414 K1 polysaccharide capsule 390:414 K1 polysaccharide capsule (E. coli K1-) 390:428 We used SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to investigate the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) band composition of 19 Escherichia coli K1 strains that have spontaneously lost the ability to form K1 polysaccharide capsule (E. coli K1-) and demonstrated different degrees of susceptibility to the bactericidal action of normal human serum. 23794053 1 39 theme polysaccharide 393:406 arg1 K1- 425:427 E. coli K1- 417:427 E. coli K1- 417:427 We used SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to investigate the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) band composition of 19 Escherichia coli K1 strains that have spontaneously lost the ability to form K1 polysaccharide capsule (E. coli K1-) and demonstrated different degrees of susceptibility to the bactericidal action of normal human serum. 23794053 1 40 theme SDS-polyacrylamide 201:218 arg1 electrophoresis 224:238 SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 201:238 SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 201:238 We used SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to investigate the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) band composition of 19 Escherichia coli K1 strains that have spontaneously lost the ability to form K1 polysaccharide capsule (E. coli K1-) and demonstrated different degrees of susceptibility to the bactericidal action of normal human serum. 23794053 0 41 theme proteins 52:59 arg1 patterns 25:32 the SDS-PAGE patterns 12:32 the SDS-PAGE patterns of outer membrane proteins from Escherichia coli strains that have lost the ability to form K1 antigen and varied in the susceptibility to normal human serum 12:190 Analysis of the SDS-PAGE patterns of outer membrane proteins from Escherichia coli strains that have lost the ability to form K1 antigen and varied in the susceptibility to normal human serum. 23794053 1 42 theme bactericidal 490:501 arg1 action 503:508 the bactericidal action 486:508 the bactericidal action of normal human serum 486:530 We used SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to investigate the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) band composition of 19 Escherichia coli K1 strains that have spontaneously lost the ability to form K1 polysaccharide capsule (E. coli K1-) and demonstrated different degrees of susceptibility to the bactericidal action of normal human serum. 23794053 1 43 theme gel 220:222 arg1 electrophoresis 224:238 SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 201:238 SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 201:238 We used SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to investigate the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) band composition of 19 Escherichia coli K1 strains that have spontaneously lost the ability to form K1 polysaccharide capsule (E. coli K1-) and demonstrated different degrees of susceptibility to the bactericidal action of normal human serum. 25165690 6 0 theme filler 1044:1049 arg1 fraction 1051:1058 filler fraction 1044:1058 filler fraction 1044:1058 The tested materials demonstrated important differences in the inorganic elemental composition, filler fraction, and particle morphology. 25165690 0 1 from morphology 20:29 arg1 alginates 78:86 dental alginates 71:86 dental alginates 71:86 Characterization of morphology and composition of inorganic fillers in dental alginates. 25165690 1 2 theme electron 156:163 arg1 SEM 177:179 SEM 177:179 SEM 177:179 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Archimedes' Principle were used to determine the characteristics of inorganic filler particles in five dental alginates, including Cavex ColorChange (C), Hydrogum 5 (H5), Hydrogum (H), Orthoprint (O), and Jeltrate Plus (JP). 25165690 1 2 theme electron 156:163 arg1 microscopy 165:174 scanning electron microscopy 147:174 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 147:180 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Archimedes' Principle were used to determine the characteristics of inorganic filler particles in five dental alginates, including Cavex ColorChange (C), Hydrogum 5 (H5), Hydrogum (H), Orthoprint (O), and Jeltrate Plus (JP). 25165690 5 3 dep follows 883:889 arg1 % 900:900 H5-84.85% 892:900 H5-84.85% 892:900 The filler fractions in volume (vt) were as follows: H5-84.85%, JP-74.76%, H-70.03%, O-68.31%, and C-56.10%. 25165690 5 3 dep follows 883:889 arg1 % 911:911 JP-74.76% 903:911 JP-74.76% 903:911 The filler fractions in volume (vt) were as follows: H5-84.85%, JP-74.76%, H-70.03%, O-68.31%, and C-56.10%. 25165690 5 3 dep follows 883:889 arg1 % 921:921 H-70.03% 914:921 H-70.03% 914:921 The filler fractions in volume (vt) were as follows: H5-84.85%, JP-74.76%, H-70.03%, O-68.31%, and C-56.10%. 25165690 5 3 dep follows 883:889 arg1 % 931:931 O-68.31% 924:931 O-68.31% 924:931 The filler fractions in volume (vt) were as follows: H5-84.85%, JP-74.76%, H-70.03%, O-68.31%, and C-56.10%. 25165690 5 3 dep follows 883:889 arg1 % 945:945 C-56.10% 938:945 C-56.10% 938:945 The filler fractions in volume (vt) were as follows: H5-84.85%, JP-74.76%, H-70.03%, O-68.31%, and C-56.10%. 25165690 5 4 theme filler 843:848 arg1 fractions 850:858 The filler fractions 839:858 The filler fractions in volume (vt) 839:873 The filler fractions in volume (vt) were as follows: H5-84.85%, JP-74.76%, H-70.03%, O-68.31%, and C-56.10%. 25165690 3 5 dep water 658:662 arg1 calcining 681:689 calcining 681:689 calcining at 450(°)C for 3 h 681:708 Volume fractions were determined by weighing a sample of each material in water before and after calcining at 450(°)C for 3 h. 25165690 3 5 dep water 658:662 arg1 before 664:669 before 664:669 before 664:669 Volume fractions were determined by weighing a sample of each material in water before and after calcining at 450(°)C for 3 h. 25165690 2 6 theme plastic 466:472 arg1 n 481:481 n = 5 481:485 n = 5 481:485 The different alginate powders (0.5 mg) were fixed on plastic stubs (n = 5) and sputter coated with carbon for EDX analysis, then coated with gold, and observed using SEM. 25165690 2 6 theme plastic 466:472 arg1 stubs 474:478 plastic stubs 466:478 plastic stubs (n = 5) 466:486 The different alginate powders (0.5 mg) were fixed on plastic stubs (n = 5) and sputter coated with carbon for EDX analysis, then coated with gold, and observed using SEM. 25165690 2 7 theme alginate 426:433 arg1 powders 435:441 The different alginate powders 412:441 The different alginate powders (0.5 mg) 412:450 The different alginate powders (0.5 mg) were fixed on plastic stubs (n = 5) and sputter coated with carbon for EDX analysis, then coated with gold, and observed using SEM. 25165690 2 7 theme alginate 426:433 arg1 mg 448:449 0.5 mg 444:449 0.5 mg 444:449 The different alginate powders (0.5 mg) were fixed on plastic stubs (n = 5) and sputter coated with carbon for EDX analysis, then coated with gold, and observed using SEM. 25165690 0 8 from Characterization 0:15 arg1 alginates 78:86 dental alginates 71:86 dental alginates 71:86 Characterization of morphology and composition of inorganic fillers in dental alginates. 25165690 4 9 dep weight 774:779 arg1 % 809:809 O-78.87% 802:809 O-78.87% 802:809 The alginate materials were mainly composed of silicon (Si) by weight (C-81.59%, H-79.89%, O-78.87%, H5-77.95%, JP-66.88%, wt). 25165690 4 9 dep weight 774:779 arg1 % 831:831 JP-66.88% 823:831 JP-66.88% 823:831 The alginate materials were mainly composed of silicon (Si) by weight (C-81.59%, H-79.89%, O-78.87%, H5-77.95%, JP-66.88%, wt). 25165690 4 9 dep weight 774:779 arg1 % 789:789 C-81.59% 782:789 C-81.59% 782:789 The alginate materials were mainly composed of silicon (Si) by weight (C-81.59%, H-79.89%, O-78.87%, H5-77.95%, JP-66.88%, wt). 25165690 4 9 dep weight 774:779 arg1 wt 834:835 wt 834:835 wt 834:835 The alginate materials were mainly composed of silicon (Si) by weight (C-81.59%, H-79.89%, O-78.87%, H5-77.95%, JP-66.88%, wt). 25165690 4 9 dep weight 774:779 arg1 % 799:799 H-79.89% 792:799 H-79.89% 792:799 The alginate materials were mainly composed of silicon (Si) by weight (C-81.59%, H-79.89%, O-78.87%, H5-77.95%, JP-66.88%, wt). 25165690 4 9 dep weight 774:779 arg1 % 820:820 H5-77.95% 812:820 H5-77.95% 812:820 The alginate materials were mainly composed of silicon (Si) by weight (C-81.59%, H-79.89%, O-78.87%, H5-77.95%, JP-66.88%, wt). 25165690 3 10 theme material 646:653 arg1 sample 631:636 a sample 629:636 a sample of each material in water before and after calcining at 450(°)C for 3 h 629:708 Volume fractions were determined by weighing a sample of each material in water before and after calcining at 450(°)C for 3 h. 25165690 2 11 theme different 416:424 arg1 powders 435:441 The different alginate powders 412:441 The different alginate powders (0.5 mg) 412:450 The different alginate powders (0.5 mg) were fixed on plastic stubs (n = 5) and sputter coated with carbon for EDX analysis, then coated with gold, and observed using SEM. 25165690 2 11 theme different 416:424 arg1 mg 448:449 0.5 mg 444:449 0.5 mg 444:449 The different alginate powders (0.5 mg) were fixed on plastic stubs (n = 5) and sputter coated with carbon for EDX analysis, then coated with gold, and observed using SEM. 25165690 1 12 from alginates 297:305 arg1 Orthoprint 372:381 Orthoprint 372:381 Orthoprint (O) 372:385 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Archimedes' Principle were used to determine the characteristics of inorganic filler particles in five dental alginates, including Cavex ColorChange (C), Hydrogum 5 (H5), Hydrogum (H), Orthoprint (O), and Jeltrate Plus (JP). 25165690 1 12 from alginates 297:305 arg1 Plus 401:404 Jeltrate Plus 392:404 Jeltrate Plus (JP) 392:409 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Archimedes' Principle were used to determine the characteristics of inorganic filler particles in five dental alginates, including Cavex ColorChange (C), Hydrogum 5 (H5), Hydrogum (H), Orthoprint (O), and Jeltrate Plus (JP). 25165690 1 12 from alginates 297:305 arg1 Hydrogum 341:348 Hydrogum 5 341:350 Hydrogum 5 (H5) 341:355 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Archimedes' Principle were used to determine the characteristics of inorganic filler particles in five dental alginates, including Cavex ColorChange (C), Hydrogum 5 (H5), Hydrogum (H), Orthoprint (O), and Jeltrate Plus (JP). 25165690 1 12 from alginates 297:305 arg1 Hydrogum 358:365 Hydrogum 358:365 Hydrogum (H) 358:369 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Archimedes' Principle were used to determine the characteristics of inorganic filler particles in five dental alginates, including Cavex ColorChange (C), Hydrogum 5 (H5), Hydrogum (H), Orthoprint (O), and Jeltrate Plus (JP). 25165690 1 12 from alginates 297:305 arg1 ColorChange 324:334 Cavex ColorChange 318:334 Cavex ColorChange (C) 318:338 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Archimedes' Principle were used to determine the characteristics of inorganic filler particles in five dental alginates, including Cavex ColorChange (C), Hydrogum 5 (H5), Hydrogum (H), Orthoprint (O), and Jeltrate Plus (JP). 25165690 1 12 from alginates 297:305 arg1 characteristics 236:250 the characteristics 232:250 the characteristics 232:250 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Archimedes' Principle were used to determine the characteristics of inorganic filler particles in five dental alginates, including Cavex ColorChange (C), Hydrogum 5 (H5), Hydrogum (H), Orthoprint (O), and Jeltrate Plus (JP). 25165690 1 13 theme inorganic 255:263 arg1 particles 272:280 inorganic filler particles 255:280 inorganic filler particles in five dental alginates 255:305 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Archimedes' Principle were used to determine the characteristics of inorganic filler particles in five dental alginates, including Cavex ColorChange (C), Hydrogum 5 (H5), Hydrogum (H), Orthoprint (O), and Jeltrate Plus (JP). 25165690 6 14 theme inorganic 1011:1019 arg1 composition 1031:1041 the inorganic elemental composition 1007:1041 the inorganic elemental composition 1007:1041 The tested materials demonstrated important differences in the inorganic elemental composition, filler fraction, and particle morphology. 25165690 0 15 from composition 35:45 arg1 alginates 78:86 dental alginates 71:86 dental alginates 71:86 Characterization of morphology and composition of inorganic fillers in dental alginates. 25165690 3 16 theme Volume 584:589 arg1 fractions 591:599 Volume fractions 584:599 Volume fractions 584:599 Volume fractions were determined by weighing a sample of each material in water before and after calcining at 450(°)C for 3 h. 25165690 1 17 theme Energy 89:94 arg1 spectroscopy 113:124 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 89:124 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX) 89:144 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Archimedes' Principle were used to determine the characteristics of inorganic filler particles in five dental alginates, including Cavex ColorChange (C), Hydrogum 5 (H5), Hydrogum (H), Orthoprint (O), and Jeltrate Plus (JP). 25165690 6 18 theme tested 952:957 arg1 materials 959:967 The tested materials 948:967 The tested materials 948:967 The tested materials demonstrated important differences in the inorganic elemental composition, filler fraction, and particle morphology. 25165690 1 19 theme filler 265:270 arg1 particles 272:280 inorganic filler particles 255:280 inorganic filler particles in five dental alginates 255:305 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Archimedes' Principle were used to determine the characteristics of inorganic filler particles in five dental alginates, including Cavex ColorChange (C), Hydrogum 5 (H5), Hydrogum (H), Orthoprint (O), and Jeltrate Plus (JP). 25165690 1 20 from particles 272:280 arg1 alginates 297:305 five dental alginates 285:305 five dental alginates 285:305 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Archimedes' Principle were used to determine the characteristics of inorganic filler particles in five dental alginates, including Cavex ColorChange (C), Hydrogum 5 (H5), Hydrogum (H), Orthoprint (O), and Jeltrate Plus (JP). 25165690 2 21 theme EDX 523:525 arg1 analysis 527:534 EDX analysis 523:534 EDX analysis 523:534 The different alginate powders (0.5 mg) were fixed on plastic stubs (n = 5) and sputter coated with carbon for EDX analysis, then coated with gold, and observed using SEM. 25165690 1 22 theme dispersive 96:105 arg1 spectroscopy 113:124 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 89:124 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX) 89:144 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Archimedes' Principle were used to determine the characteristics of inorganic filler particles in five dental alginates, including Cavex ColorChange (C), Hydrogum 5 (H5), Hydrogum (H), Orthoprint (O), and Jeltrate Plus (JP). 25165690 5 23 from fractions 850:858 arg1 vt 871:872 vt 871:872 vt 871:872 The filler fractions in volume (vt) were as follows: H5-84.85%, JP-74.76%, H-70.03%, O-68.31%, and C-56.10%. 25165690 5 23 from fractions 850:858 arg1 volume 863:868 volume 863:868 volume (vt) 863:873 The filler fractions in volume (vt) were as follows: H5-84.85%, JP-74.76%, H-70.03%, O-68.31%, and C-56.10%. 25165690 1 24 theme particles 272:280 arg1 Orthoprint 372:381 Orthoprint 372:381 Orthoprint (O) 372:385 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Archimedes' Principle were used to determine the characteristics of inorganic filler particles in five dental alginates, including Cavex ColorChange (C), Hydrogum 5 (H5), Hydrogum (H), Orthoprint (O), and Jeltrate Plus (JP). 25165690 1 24 theme particles 272:280 arg1 Plus 401:404 Jeltrate Plus 392:404 Jeltrate Plus (JP) 392:409 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Archimedes' Principle were used to determine the characteristics of inorganic filler particles in five dental alginates, including Cavex ColorChange (C), Hydrogum 5 (H5), Hydrogum (H), Orthoprint (O), and Jeltrate Plus (JP). 25165690 1 24 theme particles 272:280 arg1 Hydrogum 341:348 Hydrogum 5 341:350 Hydrogum 5 (H5) 341:355 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Archimedes' Principle were used to determine the characteristics of inorganic filler particles in five dental alginates, including Cavex ColorChange (C), Hydrogum 5 (H5), Hydrogum (H), Orthoprint (O), and Jeltrate Plus (JP). 25165690 1 24 theme particles 272:280 arg1 Hydrogum 358:365 Hydrogum 358:365 Hydrogum (H) 358:369 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Archimedes' Principle were used to determine the characteristics of inorganic filler particles in five dental alginates, including Cavex ColorChange (C), Hydrogum 5 (H5), Hydrogum (H), Orthoprint (O), and Jeltrate Plus (JP). 25165690 1 24 theme particles 272:280 arg1 ColorChange 324:334 Cavex ColorChange 318:334 Cavex ColorChange (C) 318:338 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Archimedes' Principle were used to determine the characteristics of inorganic filler particles in five dental alginates, including Cavex ColorChange (C), Hydrogum 5 (H5), Hydrogum (H), Orthoprint (O), and Jeltrate Plus (JP). 25165690 1 24 theme particles 272:280 arg1 characteristics 236:250 the characteristics 232:250 the characteristics 232:250 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Archimedes' Principle were used to determine the characteristics of inorganic filler particles in five dental alginates, including Cavex ColorChange (C), Hydrogum 5 (H5), Hydrogum (H), Orthoprint (O), and Jeltrate Plus (JP). 25165690 1 25 theme Jeltrate 392:399 arg1 JP 407:408 JP 407:408 JP 407:408 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Archimedes' Principle were used to determine the characteristics of inorganic filler particles in five dental alginates, including Cavex ColorChange (C), Hydrogum 5 (H5), Hydrogum (H), Orthoprint (O), and Jeltrate Plus (JP). 25165690 1 25 theme Jeltrate 392:399 arg1 Plus 401:404 Jeltrate Plus 392:404 Jeltrate Plus (JP) 392:409 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Archimedes' Principle were used to determine the characteristics of inorganic filler particles in five dental alginates, including Cavex ColorChange (C), Hydrogum 5 (H5), Hydrogum (H), Orthoprint (O), and Jeltrate Plus (JP). 25165690 1 26 theme X-ray 107:111 arg1 spectroscopy 113:124 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 89:124 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX) 89:144 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Archimedes' Principle were used to determine the characteristics of inorganic filler particles in five dental alginates, including Cavex ColorChange (C), Hydrogum 5 (H5), Hydrogum (H), Orthoprint (O), and Jeltrate Plus (JP). 25165690 0 27 theme morphology 20:29 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of morphology and composition of inorganic fillers in dental alginates. 0:87 Characterization of morphology and composition of inorganic fillers in dental alginates. 25165690 4 28 theme alginate 715:722 arg1 materials 724:732 The alginate materials 711:732 The alginate materials 711:732 The alginate materials were mainly composed of silicon (Si) by weight (C-81.59%, H-79.89%, O-78.87%, H5-77.95%, JP-66.88%, wt). 25165690 1 29 theme spectroscopy 113:124 arg1 EDX 141:143 EDX 141:143 EDX 141:143 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Archimedes' Principle were used to determine the characteristics of inorganic filler particles in five dental alginates, including Cavex ColorChange (C), Hydrogum 5 (H5), Hydrogum (H), Orthoprint (O), and Jeltrate Plus (JP). 25165690 1 29 theme spectroscopy 113:124 arg1 microanalysis 126:138 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis 89:138 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX) 89:144 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Archimedes' Principle were used to determine the characteristics of inorganic filler particles in five dental alginates, including Cavex ColorChange (C), Hydrogum 5 (H5), Hydrogum (H), Orthoprint (O), and Jeltrate Plus (JP). 25165690 6 30 from differences 992:1002 arg1 morphology 1074:1083 particle morphology 1065:1083 particle morphology 1065:1083 The tested materials demonstrated important differences in the inorganic elemental composition, filler fraction, and particle morphology. 25165690 6 30 from differences 992:1002 arg1 composition 1031:1041 the inorganic elemental composition 1007:1041 the inorganic elemental composition 1007:1041 The tested materials demonstrated important differences in the inorganic elemental composition, filler fraction, and particle morphology. 25165690 6 30 from differences 992:1002 arg1 fraction 1051:1058 filler fraction 1044:1058 filler fraction 1044:1058 The tested materials demonstrated important differences in the inorganic elemental composition, filler fraction, and particle morphology. 25165690 6 31 theme important 982:990 arg1 differences 992:1002 important differences 982:1002 important differences in the inorganic elemental composition, filler fraction, and particle morphology 982:1083 The tested materials demonstrated important differences in the inorganic elemental composition, filler fraction, and particle morphology. 25165690 0 32 from alginates 78:86 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of morphology and composition of inorganic fillers in dental alginates. 0:87 Characterization of morphology and composition of inorganic fillers in dental alginates. 25165690 0 33 theme composition 35:45 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of morphology and composition of inorganic fillers in dental alginates. 0:87 Characterization of morphology and composition of inorganic fillers in dental alginates. 25165690 1 34 theme dental 290:295 arg1 alginates 297:305 five dental alginates 285:305 five dental alginates 285:305 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Archimedes' Principle were used to determine the characteristics of inorganic filler particles in five dental alginates, including Cavex ColorChange (C), Hydrogum 5 (H5), Hydrogum (H), Orthoprint (O), and Jeltrate Plus (JP). 25165690 1 35 from characteristics 236:250 arg1 alginates 297:305 five dental alginates 285:305 five dental alginates 285:305 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Archimedes' Principle were used to determine the characteristics of inorganic filler particles in five dental alginates, including Cavex ColorChange (C), Hydrogum 5 (H5), Hydrogum (H), Orthoprint (O), and Jeltrate Plus (JP). 25165690 0 36 theme fillers 60:66 arg1 morphology 20:29 morphology 20:29 morphology 20:29 Characterization of morphology and composition of inorganic fillers in dental alginates. 25165690 0 36 theme fillers 60:66 arg1 composition 35:45 composition 35:45 composition 35:45 Characterization of morphology and composition of inorganic fillers in dental alginates. 25165690 0 37 theme inorganic 50:58 arg1 fillers 60:66 inorganic fillers 50:66 inorganic fillers 50:66 Characterization of morphology and composition of inorganic fillers in dental alginates. 25165690 3 38 from sample 631:636 arg1 water 658:662 water 658:662 water before and after calcining at 450(°)C for 3 h 658:708 Volume fractions were determined by weighing a sample of each material in water before and after calcining at 450(°)C for 3 h. 25165690 2 39 theme = 483:483 arg1 n 481:481 n = 5 481:485 n = 5 481:485 The different alginate powders (0.5 mg) were fixed on plastic stubs (n = 5) and sputter coated with carbon for EDX analysis, then coated with gold, and observed using SEM. 25165690 2 39 theme = 483:483 arg1 stubs 474:478 plastic stubs 466:478 plastic stubs (n = 5) 466:486 The different alginate powders (0.5 mg) were fixed on plastic stubs (n = 5) and sputter coated with carbon for EDX analysis, then coated with gold, and observed using SEM. 25165690 1 40 used used 214:217 arg2 Principle 199:207 Archimedes' Principle 187:207 Archimedes' Principle 187:207 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Archimedes' Principle were used to determine the characteristics of inorganic filler particles in five dental alginates, including Cavex ColorChange (C), Hydrogum 5 (H5), Hydrogum (H), Orthoprint (O), and Jeltrate Plus (JP). 25165690 1 40 used used 214:217 arg2 microanalysis 126:138 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis 89:138 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX) 89:144 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Archimedes' Principle were used to determine the characteristics of inorganic filler particles in five dental alginates, including Cavex ColorChange (C), Hydrogum 5 (H5), Hydrogum (H), Orthoprint (O), and Jeltrate Plus (JP). 25165690 1 40 used used 214:217 arg2 microscopy 165:174 scanning electron microscopy 147:174 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 147:180 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Archimedes' Principle were used to determine the characteristics of inorganic filler particles in five dental alginates, including Cavex ColorChange (C), Hydrogum 5 (H5), Hydrogum (H), Orthoprint (O), and Jeltrate Plus (JP). 25165690 1 40 used used 214:217 arg2 SEM 177:179 SEM 177:179 SEM 177:179 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Archimedes' Principle were used to determine the characteristics of inorganic filler particles in five dental alginates, including Cavex ColorChange (C), Hydrogum 5 (H5), Hydrogum (H), Orthoprint (O), and Jeltrate Plus (JP). 25165690 1 40 used used 214:217 arg2 EDX 141:143 EDX 141:143 EDX 141:143 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Archimedes' Principle were used to determine the characteristics of inorganic filler particles in five dental alginates, including Cavex ColorChange (C), Hydrogum 5 (H5), Hydrogum (H), Orthoprint (O), and Jeltrate Plus (JP). 25165690 0 41 theme dental 71:76 arg1 alginates 78:86 dental alginates 71:86 dental alginates 71:86 Characterization of morphology and composition of inorganic fillers in dental alginates. 25165690 6 42 theme particle 1065:1072 arg1 morphology 1074:1083 particle morphology 1065:1083 particle morphology 1065:1083 The tested materials demonstrated important differences in the inorganic elemental composition, filler fraction, and particle morphology. 25165690 1 43 theme Cavex 318:322 arg1 C 337:337 C 337:337 C 337:337 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Archimedes' Principle were used to determine the characteristics of inorganic filler particles in five dental alginates, including Cavex ColorChange (C), Hydrogum 5 (H5), Hydrogum (H), Orthoprint (O), and Jeltrate Plus (JP). 25165690 1 43 theme Cavex 318:322 arg1 ColorChange 324:334 Cavex ColorChange 318:334 Cavex ColorChange (C) 318:338 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Archimedes' Principle were used to determine the characteristics of inorganic filler particles in five dental alginates, including Cavex ColorChange (C), Hydrogum 5 (H5), Hydrogum (H), Orthoprint (O), and Jeltrate Plus (JP). 25165690 1 44 theme scanning 147:154 arg1 SEM 177:179 SEM 177:179 SEM 177:179 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Archimedes' Principle were used to determine the characteristics of inorganic filler particles in five dental alginates, including Cavex ColorChange (C), Hydrogum 5 (H5), Hydrogum (H), Orthoprint (O), and Jeltrate Plus (JP). 25165690 1 44 theme scanning 147:154 arg1 microscopy 165:174 scanning electron microscopy 147:174 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 147:180 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Archimedes' Principle were used to determine the characteristics of inorganic filler particles in five dental alginates, including Cavex ColorChange (C), Hydrogum 5 (H5), Hydrogum (H), Orthoprint (O), and Jeltrate Plus (JP). 25165690 6 45 theme elemental 1021:1029 arg1 composition 1031:1041 the inorganic elemental composition 1007:1041 the inorganic elemental composition 1007:1041 The tested materials demonstrated important differences in the inorganic elemental composition, filler fraction, and particle morphology. 27841285 4 0 from Removal 654:660 arg1 A 693:693 lipid A 687:693 lipid A 687:693 Removal of phosphethanolamine in lipid A by deletion of lptA slightly reduces activity of hexa-acylated LPS, but this reduction is even more evident in penta-acylated LPS. 27841285 5 1 from expression 840:849 arg1 mutant 895:900 a penta-acylated lpxL1 mutant 872:900 a penta-acylated lpxL1 mutant 872:900 Surprisingly, expression of PagL deacylase in a penta-acylated lpxL1 mutant increased LPS activity, contradicting the general rule that tetra-acylated LPS is less active than penta-acylated LPS. 27841285 4 2 theme hexa-acylated 744:756 arg1 LPS 758:760 hexa-acylated LPS 744:760 hexa-acylated LPS 744:760 Removal of phosphethanolamine in lipid A by deletion of lptA slightly reduces activity of hexa-acylated LPS, but this reduction is even more evident in penta-acylated LPS. 27841285 8 3 theme other 1468:1472 arg1 therapeutics 1485:1496 other TLR4-based therapeutics 1468:1496 other TLR4-based therapeutics 1468:1496 These LPS derivatives display a broad range of TLR4 activity and differential cytokine induction, which can be exploited for use as vaccine adjuvant or other TLR4-based therapeutics. 27841285 8 3 theme other 1468:1472 arg1 range 1354:1358 a broad range 1346:1358 a broad range 1346:1358 These LPS derivatives display a broad range of TLR4 activity and differential cytokine induction, which can be exploited for use as vaccine adjuvant or other TLR4-based therapeutics. 27841285 2 4 theme LPS 400:402 arg1 mutants 404:410 novel LPS mutants 394:410 novel LPS mutants with changes in both lipid A acylation and phosphorylation 394:469 We used systematic molecular bioengineering of meningococcal LPS through deletion of biosynthetic enzymes in combination with induction of LPS modifying enzymes to yield a variety of novel LPS mutants with changes in both lipid A acylation and phosphorylation. 27841285 6 5 theme lpxP 1065:1068 arg1 expression 1051:1060 expression 1051:1060 expression of lpxP, an enzyme known to add a secondary 9-hexadecenoic acid to the 2' acyl chain 1051:1145 Further modification included expression of lpxP, an enzyme known to add a secondary 9-hexadecenoic acid to the 2' acyl chain. 27841285 5 6 theme tetra-acylated 962:975 arg1 LPS 977:979 tetra-acylated LPS 962:979 tetra-acylated LPS 962:979 Surprisingly, expression of PagL deacylase in a penta-acylated lpxL1 mutant increased LPS activity, contradicting the general rule that tetra-acylated LPS is less active than penta-acylated LPS. 27841285 6 7 theme secondary 1096:1104 arg1 acid 1121:1124 a secondary 9-hexadecenoic acid 1094:1124 a secondary 9-hexadecenoic acid 1094:1124 Further modification included expression of lpxP, an enzyme known to add a secondary 9-hexadecenoic acid to the 2' acyl chain. 27841285 4 8 from LPS 821:823 arg1 evident 795:801 evident 795:801 evident 795:801 Removal of phosphethanolamine in lipid A by deletion of lptA slightly reduces activity of hexa-acylated LPS, but this reduction is even more evident in penta-acylated LPS. 27841285 1 9 theme therapeutic 185:195 arg1 applications 197:208 therapeutic applications 185:208 therapeutic applications 185:208 Neisseria meningitidis contains a very potent hexa-acylated LPS that is too toxic for therapeutic applications. 27841285 7 10 theme LpxP 1152:1155 arg1 temperature-sensitive 1167:1187 temperature-sensitive 1167:1187 temperature-sensitive 1167:1187 The LpxP enzyme is temperature-sensitive, enabling control over the ratio of expressed modified hexa- and penta-acylated LPS by simply changing the growth temperature. 27841285 7 10 theme LpxP 1152:1155 arg1 enzyme 1157:1162 The LpxP enzyme 1148:1162 The LpxP enzyme 1148:1162 The LpxP enzyme is temperature-sensitive, enabling control over the ratio of expressed modified hexa- and penta-acylated LPS by simply changing the growth temperature. 27841285 7 11 theme modified 1235:1242 arg1 hexa- 1244:1248 expressed modified hexa- 1225:1248 expressed modified hexa- 1225:1248 The LpxP enzyme is temperature-sensitive, enabling control over the ratio of expressed modified hexa- and penta-acylated LPS by simply changing the growth temperature. 27841285 2 12 theme novel 394:398 arg1 mutants 404:410 novel LPS mutants 394:410 novel LPS mutants with changes in both lipid A acylation and phosphorylation 394:469 We used systematic molecular bioengineering of meningococcal LPS through deletion of biosynthetic enzymes in combination with induction of LPS modifying enzymes to yield a variety of novel LPS mutants with changes in both lipid A acylation and phosphorylation. 27841285 3 13 theme immune 589:594 arg1 cells 596:600 immune cells 589:600 immune cells 589:600 Mass spectrometry was used for detailed compositional determination of the LPS molecular species, and stimulation of immune cells was done to correlate this with endotoxic activity. 27841285 1 14 theme potent 138:143 arg1 toxic 175:179 toxic 175:179 toxic 175:179 Neisseria meningitidis contains a very potent hexa-acylated LPS that is too toxic for therapeutic applications. 27841285 1 14 theme potent 138:143 arg1 LPS 159:161 a very potent hexa-acylated LPS 131:161 a very potent hexa-acylated LPS that is too toxic for therapeutic applications 131:208 Neisseria meningitidis contains a very potent hexa-acylated LPS that is too toxic for therapeutic applications. 27841285 7 15 theme hexa- 1244:1248 arg1 ratio 1216:1220 the ratio 1212:1220 the ratio of expressed modified hexa- and penta-acylated LPS 1212:1271 The LpxP enzyme is temperature-sensitive, enabling control over the ratio of expressed modified hexa- and penta-acylated LPS by simply changing the growth temperature. 27841285 3 16 theme cells 596:600 arg1 stimulation 574:584 stimulation 574:584 stimulation of immune cells 574:600 Mass spectrometry was used for detailed compositional determination of the LPS molecular species, and stimulation of immune cells was done to correlate this with endotoxic activity. 27841285 5 17 theme penta-acylated 874:887 arg1 mutant 895:900 a penta-acylated lpxL1 mutant 872:900 a penta-acylated lpxL1 mutant 872:900 Surprisingly, expression of PagL deacylase in a penta-acylated lpxL1 mutant increased LPS activity, contradicting the general rule that tetra-acylated LPS is less active than penta-acylated LPS. 27841285 4 18 from evident 795:801 arg1 LPS 821:823 penta-acylated LPS 806:823 penta-acylated LPS 806:823 Removal of phosphethanolamine in lipid A by deletion of lptA slightly reduces activity of hexa-acylated LPS, but this reduction is even more evident in penta-acylated LPS. 27841285 1 19 theme Neisseria 99:107 arg1 meningitidis 109:120 Neisseria meningitidis 99:120 Neisseria meningitidis 99:120 Neisseria meningitidis contains a very potent hexa-acylated LPS that is too toxic for therapeutic applications. 27841285 2 20 theme lipid 433:437 arg1 acylation 441:449 lipid A acylation 433:449 lipid A acylation 433:449 We used systematic molecular bioengineering of meningococcal LPS through deletion of biosynthetic enzymes in combination with induction of LPS modifying enzymes to yield a variety of novel LPS mutants with changes in both lipid A acylation and phosphorylation. 27841285 2 21 used used 214:217 arg2 We 211:212 We 211:212 We 211:212 We used systematic molecular bioengineering of meningococcal LPS through deletion of biosynthetic enzymes in combination with induction of LPS modifying enzymes to yield a variety of novel LPS mutants with changes in both lipid A acylation and phosphorylation. 27841285 4 22 theme penta-acylated 806:819 arg1 LPS 821:823 penta-acylated LPS 806:823 penta-acylated LPS 806:823 Removal of phosphethanolamine in lipid A by deletion of lptA slightly reduces activity of hexa-acylated LPS, but this reduction is even more evident in penta-acylated LPS. 27841285 2 23 from deletion 284:291 arg1 combination 320:330 combination 320:330 combination with induction of LPS modifying enzymes 320:370 We used systematic molecular bioengineering of meningococcal LPS through deletion of biosynthetic enzymes in combination with induction of LPS modifying enzymes to yield a variety of novel LPS mutants with changes in both lipid A acylation and phosphorylation. 27841285 5 24 theme LPS 912:914 arg1 activity 916:923 LPS activity 912:923 LPS activity 912:923 Surprisingly, expression of PagL deacylase in a penta-acylated lpxL1 mutant increased LPS activity, contradicting the general rule that tetra-acylated LPS is less active than penta-acylated LPS. 27841285 0 25 theme endotoxin 11:19 arg1 activity 21:28 endotoxin activity 11:28 endotoxin activity 11:28 Modulating endotoxin activity by combinatorial bioengineering of meningococcal lipopolysaccharide. 27841285 7 26 theme penta-acylated 1254:1267 arg1 LPS 1269:1271 penta-acylated LPS 1254:1271 penta-acylated LPS 1254:1271 The LpxP enzyme is temperature-sensitive, enabling control over the ratio of expressed modified hexa- and penta-acylated LPS by simply changing the growth temperature. 27841285 7 27 theme growth 1296:1301 arg1 temperature 1303:1313 the growth temperature 1292:1313 the growth temperature 1292:1313 The LpxP enzyme is temperature-sensitive, enabling control over the ratio of expressed modified hexa- and penta-acylated LPS by simply changing the growth temperature. 27841285 5 28 theme PagL 854:857 arg1 deacylase 859:867 PagL deacylase 854:867 PagL deacylase 854:867 Surprisingly, expression of PagL deacylase in a penta-acylated lpxL1 mutant increased LPS activity, contradicting the general rule that tetra-acylated LPS is less active than penta-acylated LPS. 27841285 8 29 theme differential 1381:1392 arg1 induction 1403:1411 differential cytokine induction 1381:1411 differential cytokine induction 1381:1411 These LPS derivatives display a broad range of TLR4 activity and differential cytokine induction, which can be exploited for use as vaccine adjuvant or other TLR4-based therapeutics. 27841285 2 30 with mutants 404:410 arg1 changes 417:423 changes 417:423 changes in both lipid A acylation and phosphorylation 417:469 We used systematic molecular bioengineering of meningococcal LPS through deletion of biosynthetic enzymes in combination with induction of LPS modifying enzymes to yield a variety of novel LPS mutants with changes in both lipid A acylation and phosphorylation. 27841285 2 31 theme enzymes 364:370 arg1 induction 337:345 induction 337:345 induction of LPS modifying enzymes 337:370 We used systematic molecular bioengineering of meningococcal LPS through deletion of biosynthetic enzymes in combination with induction of LPS modifying enzymes to yield a variety of novel LPS mutants with changes in both lipid A acylation and phosphorylation. 27841285 3 32 theme Mass 472:475 arg1 spectrometry 477:488 Mass spectrometry 472:488 Mass spectrometry 472:488 Mass spectrometry was used for detailed compositional determination of the LPS molecular species, and stimulation of immune cells was done to correlate this with endotoxic activity. 27841285 5 33 theme deacylase 859:867 arg1 expression 840:849 expression 840:849 expression of PagL deacylase in a penta-acylated lpxL1 mutant 840:900 Surprisingly, expression of PagL deacylase in a penta-acylated lpxL1 mutant increased LPS activity, contradicting the general rule that tetra-acylated LPS is less active than penta-acylated LPS. 27841285 6 34 theme Further 1021:1027 arg1 modification 1029:1040 Further modification 1021:1040 Further modification 1021:1040 Further modification included expression of lpxP, an enzyme known to add a secondary 9-hexadecenoic acid to the 2' acyl chain. 27841285 5 35 theme general 944:950 arg1 rule 952:955 the general rule 940:955 the general rule that tetra-acylated LPS is less active than penta-acylated LPS 940:1018 Surprisingly, expression of PagL deacylase in a penta-acylated lpxL1 mutant increased LPS activity, contradicting the general rule that tetra-acylated LPS is less active than penta-acylated LPS. 27841285 2 36 theme modifying 354:362 arg1 enzymes 364:370 LPS modifying enzymes 350:370 LPS modifying enzymes 350:370 We used systematic molecular bioengineering of meningococcal LPS through deletion of biosynthetic enzymes in combination with induction of LPS modifying enzymes to yield a variety of novel LPS mutants with changes in both lipid A acylation and phosphorylation. 27841285 4 37 from A 693:693 arg1 Removal 654:660 Removal 654:660 Removal of phosphethanolamine in lipid A by deletion of lptA 654:713 Removal of phosphethanolamine in lipid A by deletion of lptA slightly reduces activity of hexa-acylated LPS, but this reduction is even more evident in penta-acylated LPS. 27841285 3 38 theme detailed 503:510 arg1 determination 526:538 detailed compositional determination 503:538 detailed compositional determination of the LPS molecular species 503:567 Mass spectrometry was used for detailed compositional determination of the LPS molecular species, and stimulation of immune cells was done to correlate this with endotoxic activity. 27841285 3 39 used used 494:497 arg2 spectrometry 477:488 Mass spectrometry 472:488 Mass spectrometry 472:488 Mass spectrometry was used for detailed compositional determination of the LPS molecular species, and stimulation of immune cells was done to correlate this with endotoxic activity. 27841285 8 40 theme induction 1403:1411 arg1 vaccine 1448:1454 vaccine adjuvant 1448:1463 vaccine adjuvant 1448:1463 These LPS derivatives display a broad range of TLR4 activity and differential cytokine induction, which can be exploited for use as vaccine adjuvant or other TLR4-based therapeutics. 27841285 8 40 theme induction 1403:1411 arg1 range 1354:1358 a broad range 1346:1358 a broad range 1346:1358 These LPS derivatives display a broad range of TLR4 activity and differential cytokine induction, which can be exploited for use as vaccine adjuvant or other TLR4-based therapeutics. 27841285 8 40 theme induction 1403:1411 arg1 therapeutics 1485:1496 other TLR4-based therapeutics 1468:1496 other TLR4-based therapeutics 1468:1496 These LPS derivatives display a broad range of TLR4 activity and differential cytokine induction, which can be exploited for use as vaccine adjuvant or other TLR4-based therapeutics. 27841285 5 41 dep rule 952:955 arg1 active 989:994 active 989:994 active 989:994 Surprisingly, expression of PagL deacylase in a penta-acylated lpxL1 mutant increased LPS activity, contradicting the general rule that tetra-acylated LPS is less active than penta-acylated LPS. 27841285 2 42 theme LPS 350:352 arg1 enzymes 364:370 LPS modifying enzymes 350:370 LPS modifying enzymes 350:370 We used systematic molecular bioengineering of meningococcal LPS through deletion of biosynthetic enzymes in combination with induction of LPS modifying enzymes to yield a variety of novel LPS mutants with changes in both lipid A acylation and phosphorylation. 27841285 3 43 theme compositional 512:524 arg1 determination 526:538 detailed compositional determination 503:538 detailed compositional determination of the LPS molecular species 503:567 Mass spectrometry was used for detailed compositional determination of the LPS molecular species, and stimulation of immune cells was done to correlate this with endotoxic activity. 27841285 3 44 theme molecular 551:559 arg1 species 561:567 the LPS molecular species 543:567 the LPS molecular species 543:567 Mass spectrometry was used for detailed compositional determination of the LPS molecular species, and stimulation of immune cells was done to correlate this with endotoxic activity. 27841285 4 45 theme LPS 758:760 arg1 activity 732:739 activity 732:739 activity of hexa-acylated LPS 732:760 Removal of phosphethanolamine in lipid A by deletion of lptA slightly reduces activity of hexa-acylated LPS, but this reduction is even more evident in penta-acylated LPS. 27841285 7 46 theme expressed 1225:1233 arg1 hexa- 1244:1248 expressed modified hexa- 1225:1248 expressed modified hexa- 1225:1248 The LpxP enzyme is temperature-sensitive, enabling control over the ratio of expressed modified hexa- and penta-acylated LPS by simply changing the growth temperature. 27841285 3 47 theme endotoxic 634:642 arg1 activity 644:651 endotoxic activity 634:651 endotoxic activity 634:651 Mass spectrometry was used for detailed compositional determination of the LPS molecular species, and stimulation of immune cells was done to correlate this with endotoxic activity. 27841285 2 48 from enzymes 309:315 arg1 combination 320:330 combination 320:330 combination with induction of LPS modifying enzymes 320:370 We used systematic molecular bioengineering of meningococcal LPS through deletion of biosynthetic enzymes in combination with induction of LPS modifying enzymes to yield a variety of novel LPS mutants with changes in both lipid A acylation and phosphorylation. 27841285 5 49 theme lpxL1 889:893 arg1 mutant 895:900 a penta-acylated lpxL1 mutant 872:900 a penta-acylated lpxL1 mutant 872:900 Surprisingly, expression of PagL deacylase in a penta-acylated lpxL1 mutant increased LPS activity, contradicting the general rule that tetra-acylated LPS is less active than penta-acylated LPS. 27841285 0 50 theme combinatorial 33:45 arg1 bioengineering 47:60 combinatorial bioengineering 33:60 combinatorial bioengineering of meningococcal lipopolysaccharide 33:96 Modulating endotoxin activity by combinatorial bioengineering of meningococcal lipopolysaccharide. 27841285 8 51 theme LPS 1322:1324 arg1 derivatives 1326:1336 These LPS derivatives 1316:1336 These LPS derivatives 1316:1336 These LPS derivatives display a broad range of TLR4 activity and differential cytokine induction, which can be exploited for use as vaccine adjuvant or other TLR4-based therapeutics. 27841285 2 52 theme A 439:439 arg1 acylation 441:449 lipid A acylation 433:449 lipid A acylation 433:449 We used systematic molecular bioengineering of meningococcal LPS through deletion of biosynthetic enzymes in combination with induction of LPS modifying enzymes to yield a variety of novel LPS mutants with changes in both lipid A acylation and phosphorylation. 27841285 0 53 theme meningococcal 65:77 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 79:96 meningococcal lipopolysaccharide 65:96 meningococcal lipopolysaccharide 65:96 Modulating endotoxin activity by combinatorial bioengineering of meningococcal lipopolysaccharide. 27841285 7 54 theme LPS 1269:1271 arg1 ratio 1216:1220 the ratio 1212:1220 the ratio of expressed modified hexa- and penta-acylated LPS 1212:1271 The LpxP enzyme is temperature-sensitive, enabling control over the ratio of expressed modified hexa- and penta-acylated LPS by simply changing the growth temperature. 27841285 2 55 theme LPS 272:274 arg1 bioengineering 240:253 systematic molecular bioengineering 219:253 systematic molecular bioengineering of meningococcal LPS through deletion of biosynthetic enzymes in combination with induction of LPS modifying enzymes 219:370 We used systematic molecular bioengineering of meningococcal LPS through deletion of biosynthetic enzymes in combination with induction of LPS modifying enzymes to yield a variety of novel LPS mutants with changes in both lipid A acylation and phosphorylation. 27841285 2 56 from changes 417:423 arg1 acylation 441:449 lipid A acylation 433:449 lipid A acylation 433:449 We used systematic molecular bioengineering of meningococcal LPS through deletion of biosynthetic enzymes in combination with induction of LPS modifying enzymes to yield a variety of novel LPS mutants with changes in both lipid A acylation and phosphorylation. 27841285 2 56 from changes 417:423 arg1 phosphorylation 455:469 phosphorylation 455:469 phosphorylation 455:469 We used systematic molecular bioengineering of meningococcal LPS through deletion of biosynthetic enzymes in combination with induction of LPS modifying enzymes to yield a variety of novel LPS mutants with changes in both lipid A acylation and phosphorylation. 27841285 1 57 theme hexa-acylated 145:157 arg1 toxic 175:179 toxic 175:179 toxic 175:179 Neisseria meningitidis contains a very potent hexa-acylated LPS that is too toxic for therapeutic applications. 27841285 1 57 theme hexa-acylated 145:157 arg1 LPS 159:161 a very potent hexa-acylated LPS 131:161 a very potent hexa-acylated LPS that is too toxic for therapeutic applications 131:208 Neisseria meningitidis contains a very potent hexa-acylated LPS that is too toxic for therapeutic applications. 27841285 6 58 theme 9-hexadecenoic 1106:1119 arg1 acid 1121:1124 a secondary 9-hexadecenoic acid 1094:1124 a secondary 9-hexadecenoic acid 1094:1124 Further modification included expression of lpxP, an enzyme known to add a secondary 9-hexadecenoic acid to the 2' acyl chain. 27841285 8 59 theme TLR4 1363:1366 arg1 activity 1368:1375 TLR4 activity 1363:1375 TLR4 activity 1363:1375 These LPS derivatives display a broad range of TLR4 activity and differential cytokine induction, which can be exploited for use as vaccine adjuvant or other TLR4-based therapeutics. 27841285 2 60 theme meningococcal 258:270 arg1 LPS 272:274 meningococcal LPS 258:274 meningococcal LPS 258:274 We used systematic molecular bioengineering of meningococcal LPS through deletion of biosynthetic enzymes in combination with induction of LPS modifying enzymes to yield a variety of novel LPS mutants with changes in both lipid A acylation and phosphorylation. 27841285 3 61 theme species 561:567 arg1 determination 526:538 detailed compositional determination 503:538 detailed compositional determination of the LPS molecular species 503:567 Mass spectrometry was used for detailed compositional determination of the LPS molecular species, and stimulation of immune cells was done to correlate this with endotoxic activity. 27841285 3 62 theme LPS 547:549 arg1 species 561:567 the LPS molecular species 543:567 the LPS molecular species 543:567 Mass spectrometry was used for detailed compositional determination of the LPS molecular species, and stimulation of immune cells was done to correlate this with endotoxic activity. 27841285 8 63 theme TLR4-based 1474:1483 arg1 therapeutics 1485:1496 other TLR4-based therapeutics 1468:1496 other TLR4-based therapeutics 1468:1496 These LPS derivatives display a broad range of TLR4 activity and differential cytokine induction, which can be exploited for use as vaccine adjuvant or other TLR4-based therapeutics. 27841285 8 63 theme TLR4-based 1474:1483 arg1 range 1354:1358 a broad range 1346:1358 a broad range 1346:1358 These LPS derivatives display a broad range of TLR4 activity and differential cytokine induction, which can be exploited for use as vaccine adjuvant or other TLR4-based therapeutics. 27841285 1 64 contain contains 122:129 arg2 toxic 175:179 toxic 175:179 toxic 175:179 Neisseria meningitidis contains a very potent hexa-acylated LPS that is too toxic for therapeutic applications. 27841285 1 64 contain contains 122:129 arg1 meningitidis 109:120 Neisseria meningitidis 99:120 Neisseria meningitidis 99:120 Neisseria meningitidis contains a very potent hexa-acylated LPS that is too toxic for therapeutic applications. 27841285 1 64 contain contains 122:129 arg2 LPS 159:161 a very potent hexa-acylated LPS 131:161 a very potent hexa-acylated LPS that is too toxic for therapeutic applications 131:208 Neisseria meningitidis contains a very potent hexa-acylated LPS that is too toxic for therapeutic applications. 27841285 4 65 theme lptA 710:713 arg1 deletion 698:705 deletion 698:705 deletion of lptA 698:713 Removal of phosphethanolamine in lipid A by deletion of lptA slightly reduces activity of hexa-acylated LPS, but this reduction is even more evident in penta-acylated LPS. 27841285 8 66 theme adjuvant 1456:1463 arg1 range 1354:1358 a broad range 1346:1358 a broad range 1346:1358 These LPS derivatives display a broad range of TLR4 activity and differential cytokine induction, which can be exploited for use as vaccine adjuvant or other TLR4-based therapeutics. 27841285 8 66 theme adjuvant 1456:1463 arg1 vaccine 1448:1454 vaccine adjuvant 1448:1463 vaccine adjuvant 1448:1463 These LPS derivatives display a broad range of TLR4 activity and differential cytokine induction, which can be exploited for use as vaccine adjuvant or other TLR4-based therapeutics. 27841285 8 67 theme broad 1348:1352 arg1 vaccine 1448:1454 vaccine adjuvant 1448:1463 vaccine adjuvant 1448:1463 These LPS derivatives display a broad range of TLR4 activity and differential cytokine induction, which can be exploited for use as vaccine adjuvant or other TLR4-based therapeutics. 27841285 8 67 theme broad 1348:1352 arg1 range 1354:1358 a broad range 1346:1358 a broad range 1346:1358 These LPS derivatives display a broad range of TLR4 activity and differential cytokine induction, which can be exploited for use as vaccine adjuvant or other TLR4-based therapeutics. 27841285 8 67 theme broad 1348:1352 arg1 therapeutics 1485:1496 other TLR4-based therapeutics 1468:1496 other TLR4-based therapeutics 1468:1496 These LPS derivatives display a broad range of TLR4 activity and differential cytokine induction, which can be exploited for use as vaccine adjuvant or other TLR4-based therapeutics. 27841285 2 68 from combination 320:330 arg1 deletion 284:291 deletion 284:291 deletion of biosynthetic enzymes in combination with induction of LPS modifying enzymes 284:370 We used systematic molecular bioengineering of meningococcal LPS through deletion of biosynthetic enzymes in combination with induction of LPS modifying enzymes to yield a variety of novel LPS mutants with changes in both lipid A acylation and phosphorylation. 27841285 8 69 theme cytokine 1394:1401 arg1 induction 1403:1411 differential cytokine induction 1381:1411 differential cytokine induction 1381:1411 These LPS derivatives display a broad range of TLR4 activity and differential cytokine induction, which can be exploited for use as vaccine adjuvant or other TLR4-based therapeutics. 27841285 2 70 theme molecular 230:238 arg1 bioengineering 240:253 systematic molecular bioengineering 219:253 systematic molecular bioengineering of meningococcal LPS through deletion of biosynthetic enzymes in combination with induction of LPS modifying enzymes 219:370 We used systematic molecular bioengineering of meningococcal LPS through deletion of biosynthetic enzymes in combination with induction of LPS modifying enzymes to yield a variety of novel LPS mutants with changes in both lipid A acylation and phosphorylation. 27841285 2 71 theme enzymes 309:315 arg1 deletion 284:291 deletion 284:291 deletion of biosynthetic enzymes in combination with induction of LPS modifying enzymes 284:370 We used systematic molecular bioengineering of meningococcal LPS through deletion of biosynthetic enzymes in combination with induction of LPS modifying enzymes to yield a variety of novel LPS mutants with changes in both lipid A acylation and phosphorylation. 27841285 6 72 theme acyl 1136:1139 arg1 chain 1141:1145 the 2' acyl chain 1129:1145 the 2' acyl chain 1129:1145 Further modification included expression of lpxP, an enzyme known to add a secondary 9-hexadecenoic acid to the 2' acyl chain. 27841285 8 73 theme activity 1368:1375 arg1 vaccine 1448:1454 vaccine adjuvant 1448:1463 vaccine adjuvant 1448:1463 These LPS derivatives display a broad range of TLR4 activity and differential cytokine induction, which can be exploited for use as vaccine adjuvant or other TLR4-based therapeutics. 27841285 8 73 theme activity 1368:1375 arg1 range 1354:1358 a broad range 1346:1358 a broad range 1346:1358 These LPS derivatives display a broad range of TLR4 activity and differential cytokine induction, which can be exploited for use as vaccine adjuvant or other TLR4-based therapeutics. 27841285 8 73 theme activity 1368:1375 arg1 therapeutics 1485:1496 other TLR4-based therapeutics 1468:1496 other TLR4-based therapeutics 1468:1496 These LPS derivatives display a broad range of TLR4 activity and differential cytokine induction, which can be exploited for use as vaccine adjuvant or other TLR4-based therapeutics. 27841285 2 74 with combination 320:330 arg1 induction 337:345 induction 337:345 induction of LPS modifying enzymes 337:370 We used systematic molecular bioengineering of meningococcal LPS through deletion of biosynthetic enzymes in combination with induction of LPS modifying enzymes to yield a variety of novel LPS mutants with changes in both lipid A acylation and phosphorylation. 27841285 4 75 from phosphethanolamine 665:682 arg1 A 693:693 lipid A 687:693 lipid A 687:693 Removal of phosphethanolamine in lipid A by deletion of lptA slightly reduces activity of hexa-acylated LPS, but this reduction is even more evident in penta-acylated LPS. 27841285 2 76 theme systematic 219:228 arg1 bioengineering 240:253 systematic molecular bioengineering 219:253 systematic molecular bioengineering of meningococcal LPS through deletion of biosynthetic enzymes in combination with induction of LPS modifying enzymes 219:370 We used systematic molecular bioengineering of meningococcal LPS through deletion of biosynthetic enzymes in combination with induction of LPS modifying enzymes to yield a variety of novel LPS mutants with changes in both lipid A acylation and phosphorylation. 27841285 2 77 theme biosynthetic 296:307 arg1 enzymes 309:315 biosynthetic enzymes 296:315 biosynthetic enzymes in combination with induction of LPS modifying enzymes 296:370 We used systematic molecular bioengineering of meningococcal LPS through deletion of biosynthetic enzymes in combination with induction of LPS modifying enzymes to yield a variety of novel LPS mutants with changes in both lipid A acylation and phosphorylation. 27841285 4 78 theme lipid 687:691 arg1 A 693:693 lipid A 687:693 lipid A 687:693 Removal of phosphethanolamine in lipid A by deletion of lptA slightly reduces activity of hexa-acylated LPS, but this reduction is even more evident in penta-acylated LPS. 27841285 5 79 theme penta-acylated 1001:1014 arg1 LPS 1016:1018 penta-acylated LPS 1001:1018 penta-acylated LPS 1001:1018 Surprisingly, expression of PagL deacylase in a penta-acylated lpxL1 mutant increased LPS activity, contradicting the general rule that tetra-acylated LPS is less active than penta-acylated LPS. 27841285 4 80 theme phosphethanolamine 665:682 arg1 Removal 654:660 Removal 654:660 Removal of phosphethanolamine in lipid A by deletion of lptA 654:713 Removal of phosphethanolamine in lipid A by deletion of lptA slightly reduces activity of hexa-acylated LPS, but this reduction is even more evident in penta-acylated LPS. 27841285 0 81 theme lipopolysaccharide 79:96 arg1 bioengineering 47:60 combinatorial bioengineering 33:60 combinatorial bioengineering of meningococcal lipopolysaccharide 33:96 Modulating endotoxin activity by combinatorial bioengineering of meningococcal lipopolysaccharide. 27841285 2 82 theme mutants 404:410 arg1 variety 383:389 a variety 381:389 a variety of novel LPS mutants with changes in both lipid A acylation and phosphorylation 381:469 We used systematic molecular bioengineering of meningococcal LPS through deletion of biosynthetic enzymes in combination with induction of LPS modifying enzymes to yield a variety of novel LPS mutants with changes in both lipid A acylation and phosphorylation. 27841285 2 82 theme mutants 404:410 arg1 mutants 404:410 novel LPS mutants 394:410 novel LPS mutants with changes in both lipid A acylation and phosphorylation 394:469 We used systematic molecular bioengineering of meningococcal LPS through deletion of biosynthetic enzymes in combination with induction of LPS modifying enzymes to yield a variety of novel LPS mutants with changes in both lipid A acylation and phosphorylation. 26505077 0 0 theme Cellulose 87:95 arg1 Nanocrystals 97:108 Cellulose Nanocrystals 87:108 Cellulose Nanocrystals in Poly(vinyl acetate) Matrix 87:138 Strong Surface Treatment Effects on Reinforcement Efficiency in Biocomposites Based on Cellulose Nanocrystals in Poly(vinyl acetate) Matrix. 26505077 1 1 theme approach 332:339 arg1 application 267:277 application 267:277 application of an environmentally friendly chemical modification approach inspired by clay chemistry 267:366 In this work, the problem to disperse cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in hydrophobic polymer matrices has been addressed through application of an environmentally friendly chemical modification approach inspired by clay chemistry. 26505077 3 2 theme wt 695:696 arg1 CNC 700:702 1-20 wt % CNC 690:702 1-20 wt % CNC 690:702 Hydrophobic functionalization made it possible to disperse wood-based modCNC in organic solvent and cast well-dispersed nanocomposite films of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) with 1-20 wt % CNC. 26505077 1 3 theme polymer 223:229 arg1 matrices 231:238 hydrophobic polymer matrices 211:238 hydrophobic polymer matrices 211:238 In this work, the problem to disperse cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in hydrophobic polymer matrices has been addressed through application of an environmentally friendly chemical modification approach inspired by clay chemistry. 26505077 4 4 theme field-emission 854:867 arg1 FE-SEM 899:904 FE-SEM 899:904 FE-SEM 899:904 Composite films were studied by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-vis spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), tensile testing, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). 26505077 4 4 theme field-emission 854:867 arg1 microscopy 887:896 field-emission scanning electron microscopy 854:896 field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) 854:905 Composite films were studied by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-vis spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), tensile testing, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). 26505077 3 5 theme Hydrophobic 515:525 arg1 functionalization 527:543 Hydrophobic functionalization 515:543 Hydrophobic functionalization 515:543 Hydrophobic functionalization made it possible to disperse wood-based modCNC in organic solvent and cast well-dispersed nanocomposite films of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) with 1-20 wt % CNC. 26505077 1 6 theme clay 353:356 arg1 chemistry 358:366 clay chemistry 353:366 clay chemistry 353:366 In this work, the problem to disperse cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in hydrophobic polymer matrices has been addressed through application of an environmentally friendly chemical modification approach inspired by clay chemistry. 26505077 5 7 theme increased 917:925 arg1 properties 938:947 Strongly increased mechanical properties 908:947 Strongly increased mechanical properties 908:947 Strongly increased mechanical properties were observed for modCNC nanocomposites. 26505077 3 8 with films 649:653 arg1 CNC 700:702 1-20 wt % CNC 690:702 1-20 wt % CNC 690:702 Hydrophobic functionalization made it possible to disperse wood-based modCNC in organic solvent and cast well-dispersed nanocomposite films of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) with 1-20 wt % CNC. 26505077 2 9 theme dispersion 488:497 arg1 degree 474:479 degree 474:479 degree of CNC dispersion 474:497 The objective is to compare the effects of unmodified CNC and modified CNC (modCNC) reinforcement, where degree of CNC dispersion is of interest. 26505077 3 10 theme % 698:698 arg1 CNC 700:702 1-20 wt % CNC 690:702 1-20 wt % CNC 690:702 Hydrophobic functionalization made it possible to disperse wood-based modCNC in organic solvent and cast well-dispersed nanocomposite films of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) with 1-20 wt % CNC. 26505077 4 11 theme mechanical 797:806 arg1 DMTA 826:829 DMTA 826:829 DMTA 826:829 Composite films were studied by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-vis spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), tensile testing, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). 26505077 4 11 theme mechanical 797:806 arg1 analysis 816:823 dynamic mechanical thermal analysis 789:823 dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) 789:830 Composite films were studied by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-vis spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), tensile testing, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). 26505077 4 12 theme infrared 737:744 arg1 FT-IR 760:764 FT-IR 760:764 FT-IR 760:764 Composite films were studied by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-vis spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), tensile testing, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). 26505077 4 12 theme infrared 737:744 arg1 spectroscopy 746:757 infrared spectroscopy 737:757 infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) 737:765 Composite films were studied by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-vis spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), tensile testing, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). 26505077 0 13 theme Poly 113:116 arg1 Matrix 133:138 Poly(vinyl acetate) Matrix 113:138 Poly(vinyl acetate) Matrix 113:138 Strong Surface Treatment Effects on Reinforcement Efficiency in Biocomposites Based on Cellulose Nanocrystals in Poly(vinyl acetate) Matrix. 26505077 2 14 theme reinforcement 453:465 arg1 effects 401:407 the effects 397:407 the effects of unmodified CNC and modified CNC (modCNC) reinforcement, where degree of CNC dispersion is of interest 397:512 The objective is to compare the effects of unmodified CNC and modified CNC (modCNC) reinforcement, where degree of CNC dispersion is of interest. 26505077 2 15 theme modified 431:438 arg1 reinforcement 453:465 unmodified CNC and modified CNC (modCNC) reinforcement 412:465 reinforcement 453:465 The objective is to compare the effects of unmodified CNC and modified CNC (modCNC) reinforcement, where degree of CNC dispersion is of interest. 26505077 6 16 theme CNC 1048:1050 arg1 composites 1052:1061 unmodified CNC composites 1037:1061 unmodified CNC composites 1037:1061 The reinforcement efficiency was much lower in unmodified CNC composites, and specific mechanisms causing the differences are discussed. 26505077 0 17 theme Surface 7:13 arg1 Effects 25:31 Strong Surface Treatment Effects 0:31 Strong Surface Treatment Effects on Reinforcement Efficiency in Biocomposites 0:76 Strong Surface Treatment Effects on Reinforcement Efficiency in Biocomposites Based on Cellulose Nanocrystals in Poly(vinyl acetate) Matrix. 26505077 4 18 theme tensile 833:839 arg1 testing 841:847 tensile testing 833:847 tensile testing 833:847 Composite films were studied by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-vis spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), tensile testing, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). 26505077 6 19 theme unmodified 1037:1046 arg1 composites 1052:1061 unmodified CNC composites 1037:1061 unmodified CNC composites 1037:1061 The reinforcement efficiency was much lower in unmodified CNC composites, and specific mechanisms causing the differences are discussed. 26505077 0 20 theme Strong 0:5 arg1 Effects 25:31 Strong Surface Treatment Effects 0:31 Strong Surface Treatment Effects on Reinforcement Efficiency in Biocomposites 0:76 Strong Surface Treatment Effects on Reinforcement Efficiency in Biocomposites Based on Cellulose Nanocrystals in Poly(vinyl acetate) Matrix. 26505077 4 21 theme thermal 808:814 arg1 DMTA 826:829 DMTA 826:829 DMTA 826:829 Composite films were studied by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-vis spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), tensile testing, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). 26505077 4 21 theme thermal 808:814 arg1 analysis 816:823 dynamic mechanical thermal analysis 789:823 dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) 789:830 Composite films were studied by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-vis spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), tensile testing, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). 26505077 4 22 theme scanning 869:876 arg1 FE-SEM 899:904 FE-SEM 899:904 FE-SEM 899:904 Composite films were studied by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-vis spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), tensile testing, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). 26505077 4 22 theme scanning 869:876 arg1 microscopy 887:896 field-emission scanning electron microscopy 854:896 field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) 854:905 Composite films were studied by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-vis spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), tensile testing, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). 26505077 2 23 theme unmodified 412:421 arg1 CNC 423:425 unmodified CNC and modified CNC (modCNC) reinforcement 412:465 CNC 423:425 The objective is to compare the effects of unmodified CNC and modified CNC (modCNC) reinforcement, where degree of CNC dispersion is of interest. 26505077 2 24 theme CNC 423:425 arg1 effects 401:407 the effects 397:407 the effects of unmodified CNC and modified CNC (modCNC) reinforcement, where degree of CNC dispersion is of interest 397:512 The objective is to compare the effects of unmodified CNC and modified CNC (modCNC) reinforcement, where degree of CNC dispersion is of interest. 26505077 0 25 theme vinyl 118:122 arg1 Poly 113:116 Poly 113:116 Poly(vinyl acetate) Matrix 113:138 Strong Surface Treatment Effects on Reinforcement Efficiency in Biocomposites Based on Cellulose Nanocrystals in Poly(vinyl acetate) Matrix. 26505077 0 25 theme vinyl 118:122 arg1 acetate 124:130 vinyl acetate 118:130 vinyl acetate 118:130 Strong Surface Treatment Effects on Reinforcement Efficiency in Biocomposites Based on Cellulose Nanocrystals in Poly(vinyl acetate) Matrix. 26505077 4 26 theme Composite 705:713 arg1 films 715:719 Composite films 705:719 Composite films 705:719 Composite films were studied by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-vis spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), tensile testing, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). 26505077 3 27 from modCNC 585:590 arg1 solvent 603:609 organic solvent 595:609 organic solvent 595:609 Hydrophobic functionalization made it possible to disperse wood-based modCNC in organic solvent and cast well-dispersed nanocomposite films of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) with 1-20 wt % CNC. 26505077 1 28 theme cellulose 179:187 arg1 CNC 203:205 CNC 203:205 CNC 203:205 In this work, the problem to disperse cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in hydrophobic polymer matrices has been addressed through application of an environmentally friendly chemical modification approach inspired by clay chemistry. 26505077 1 28 theme cellulose 179:187 arg1 nanocrystals 189:200 cellulose nanocrystals 179:200 cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) 179:206 In this work, the problem to disperse cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in hydrophobic polymer matrices has been addressed through application of an environmentally friendly chemical modification approach inspired by clay chemistry. 26505077 0 29 theme Reinforcement 36:48 arg1 Efficiency 50:59 Reinforcement Efficiency 36:59 Reinforcement Efficiency 36:59 Strong Surface Treatment Effects on Reinforcement Efficiency in Biocomposites Based on Cellulose Nanocrystals in Poly(vinyl acetate) Matrix. 26505077 5 30 theme modCNC 967:972 arg1 nanocomposites 974:987 modCNC nanocomposites 967:987 modCNC nanocomposites 967:987 Strongly increased mechanical properties were observed for modCNC nanocomposites. 26505077 4 31 theme UV-vis 768:773 arg1 spectroscopy 775:786 UV-vis spectroscopy 768:786 UV-vis spectroscopy 768:786 Composite films were studied by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-vis spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), tensile testing, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). 26505077 4 32 theme electron 878:885 arg1 FE-SEM 899:904 FE-SEM 899:904 FE-SEM 899:904 Composite films were studied by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-vis spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), tensile testing, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). 26505077 4 32 theme electron 878:885 arg1 microscopy 887:896 field-emission scanning electron microscopy 854:896 field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) 854:905 Composite films were studied by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-vis spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), tensile testing, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). 26505077 3 33 theme well-dispersed 620:633 arg1 films 649:653 well-dispersed nanocomposite films 620:653 well-dispersed nanocomposite films of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) with 1-20 wt % CNC 620:702 Hydrophobic functionalization made it possible to disperse wood-based modCNC in organic solvent and cast well-dispersed nanocomposite films of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) with 1-20 wt % CNC. 26505077 2 34 theme CNC 484:486 arg1 dispersion 488:497 CNC dispersion 484:497 CNC dispersion 484:497 The objective is to compare the effects of unmodified CNC and modified CNC (modCNC) reinforcement, where degree of CNC dispersion is of interest. 26505077 2 35 theme modCNC 445:450 arg1 reinforcement 453:465 unmodified CNC and modified CNC (modCNC) reinforcement 412:465 reinforcement 453:465 The objective is to compare the effects of unmodified CNC and modified CNC (modCNC) reinforcement, where degree of CNC dispersion is of interest. 26505077 3 36 theme nanocomposite 635:647 arg1 films 649:653 well-dispersed nanocomposite films 620:653 well-dispersed nanocomposite films of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) with 1-20 wt % CNC 620:702 Hydrophobic functionalization made it possible to disperse wood-based modCNC in organic solvent and cast well-dispersed nanocomposite films of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) with 1-20 wt % CNC. 26505077 4 37 theme dynamic 789:795 arg1 DMTA 826:829 DMTA 826:829 DMTA 826:829 Composite films were studied by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-vis spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), tensile testing, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). 26505077 4 37 theme dynamic 789:795 arg1 analysis 816:823 dynamic mechanical thermal analysis 789:823 dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) 789:830 Composite films were studied by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-vis spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), tensile testing, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). 26505077 1 38 theme modification 319:330 arg1 approach 332:339 an environmentally friendly chemical modification approach 282:339 an environmentally friendly chemical modification approach inspired by clay chemistry 282:366 In this work, the problem to disperse cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in hydrophobic polymer matrices has been addressed through application of an environmentally friendly chemical modification approach inspired by clay chemistry. 26505077 3 39 theme vinyl 663:667 arg1 poly 658:661 poly 658:661 poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) 658:683 Hydrophobic functionalization made it possible to disperse wood-based modCNC in organic solvent and cast well-dispersed nanocomposite films of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) with 1-20 wt % CNC. 26505077 3 39 theme vinyl 663:667 arg1 acetate 669:675 vinyl acetate 663:675 vinyl acetate 663:675 Hydrophobic functionalization made it possible to disperse wood-based modCNC in organic solvent and cast well-dispersed nanocomposite films of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) with 1-20 wt % CNC. 26505077 3 40 theme wood-based 574:583 arg1 modCNC 585:590 wood-based modCNC 574:590 wood-based modCNC in organic solvent 574:609 Hydrophobic functionalization made it possible to disperse wood-based modCNC in organic solvent and cast well-dispersed nanocomposite films of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) with 1-20 wt % CNC. 26505077 1 41 theme chemical 310:317 arg1 approach 332:339 an environmentally friendly chemical modification approach 282:339 an environmentally friendly chemical modification approach inspired by clay chemistry 282:366 In this work, the problem to disperse cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in hydrophobic polymer matrices has been addressed through application of an environmentally friendly chemical modification approach inspired by clay chemistry. 26505077 6 42 theme reinforcement 994:1006 arg1 efficiency 1008:1017 The reinforcement efficiency 990:1017 The reinforcement efficiency 990:1017 The reinforcement efficiency was much lower in unmodified CNC composites, and specific mechanisms causing the differences are discussed. 26505077 6 42 theme reinforcement 994:1006 arg1 lower 1028:1032 lower 1028:1032 lower 1028:1032 The reinforcement efficiency was much lower in unmodified CNC composites, and specific mechanisms causing the differences are discussed. 26505077 3 43 theme poly 658:661 arg1 films 649:653 well-dispersed nanocomposite films 620:653 well-dispersed nanocomposite films of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) with 1-20 wt % CNC 620:702 Hydrophobic functionalization made it possible to disperse wood-based modCNC in organic solvent and cast well-dispersed nanocomposite films of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) with 1-20 wt % CNC. 26505077 5 44 theme mechanical 927:936 arg1 properties 938:947 Strongly increased mechanical properties 908:947 Strongly increased mechanical properties 908:947 Strongly increased mechanical properties were observed for modCNC nanocomposites. 26505077 6 45 theme specific 1068:1075 arg1 mechanisms 1077:1086 specific mechanisms 1068:1086 specific mechanisms causing the differences 1068:1110 The reinforcement efficiency was much lower in unmodified CNC composites, and specific mechanisms causing the differences are discussed. 26505077 0 46 from Nanocrystals 97:108 arg1 Matrix 133:138 Poly(vinyl acetate) Matrix 113:138 Poly(vinyl acetate) Matrix 113:138 Strong Surface Treatment Effects on Reinforcement Efficiency in Biocomposites Based on Cellulose Nanocrystals in Poly(vinyl acetate) Matrix. 26505077 3 47 theme organic 595:601 arg1 solvent 603:609 organic solvent 595:609 organic solvent 595:609 Hydrophobic functionalization made it possible to disperse wood-based modCNC in organic solvent and cast well-dispersed nanocomposite films of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) with 1-20 wt % CNC. 26505077 0 48 from Effects 25:31 arg1 Biocomposites 64:76 Biocomposites 64:76 Biocomposites 64:76 Strong Surface Treatment Effects on Reinforcement Efficiency in Biocomposites Based on Cellulose Nanocrystals in Poly(vinyl acetate) Matrix. 26505077 0 48 from Effects 25:31 arg1 Efficiency 50:59 Reinforcement Efficiency 36:59 Reinforcement Efficiency 36:59 Strong Surface Treatment Effects on Reinforcement Efficiency in Biocomposites Based on Cellulose Nanocrystals in Poly(vinyl acetate) Matrix. 26505077 0 49 theme Treatment 15:23 arg1 Effects 25:31 Strong Surface Treatment Effects 0:31 Strong Surface Treatment Effects on Reinforcement Efficiency in Biocomposites 0:76 Strong Surface Treatment Effects on Reinforcement Efficiency in Biocomposites Based on Cellulose Nanocrystals in Poly(vinyl acetate) Matrix. 26505077 2 50 theme CNC 440:442 arg1 reinforcement 453:465 unmodified CNC and modified CNC (modCNC) reinforcement 412:465 reinforcement 453:465 The objective is to compare the effects of unmodified CNC and modified CNC (modCNC) reinforcement, where degree of CNC dispersion is of interest. 26505077 1 51 theme hydrophobic 211:221 arg1 matrices 231:238 hydrophobic polymer matrices 211:238 hydrophobic polymer matrices 211:238 In this work, the problem to disperse cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in hydrophobic polymer matrices has been addressed through application of an environmentally friendly chemical modification approach inspired by clay chemistry. 24681004 1 0 from reticulum 363:371 arg1 N-glycosylated 329:342 N-glycosylated 329:342 N-glycosylated 329:342 The majority of membrane and secreted proteins, including many developmentally important signalling proteins, receptors and adhesion molecules, are cotranslationally N-glycosylated in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24681004 1 0 from reticulum 363:371 arg1 majority 167:174 The majority 163:174 The majority of membrane and secreted proteins, including many developmentally important signalling proteins, receptors and adhesion molecules, 163:305 The majority of membrane and secreted proteins, including many developmentally important signalling proteins, receptors and adhesion molecules, are cotranslationally N-glycosylated in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24681004 3 1 theme from 558:561 arg1 monosaccharides 573:587 the glycan precursor from activated monosaccharides 537:587 the glycan precursor from activated monosaccharides prior to transfer to nascent proteins 537:625 Correspondingly, the enzymes are conserved, which successively assemble the glycan precursor from activated monosaccharides prior to transfer to nascent proteins. 24681004 6 2 theme mesoderm 1046:1053 arg1 cells 1065:1069 mesoderm precursor cells 1046:1069 mesoderm precursor cells 1046:1069 xit is required for timely apical constriction of mesoderm precursor cells and ventral furrow formation in early embryogenesis. 24681004 7 3 theme cell 1137:1140 arg1 intercalation 1142:1154 cell intercalation 1137:1154 cell intercalation in the lateral epidermis during germband extension 1137:1205 Furthermore, cell intercalation in the lateral epidermis during germband extension is impaired in xit mutants. 24681004 8 4 theme E-Cadherin 1295:1304 arg1 glycosylation 1247:1259 glycosylation 1247:1259 glycosylation 1247:1259 xit affects glycosylation and intracellular distribution of E-Cadherin, albeit not the total amount of E-Cadherin protein. 24681004 8 4 theme E-Cadherin 1295:1304 arg1 distribution 1279:1290 intracellular distribution 1265:1290 intracellular distribution 1265:1290 xit affects glycosylation and intracellular distribution of E-Cadherin, albeit not the total amount of E-Cadherin protein. 24681004 2 5 theme N-glycan 395:402 arg1 structure 378:386 The structure 374:386 The structure of the N-glycan 374:402 The structure of the N-glycan is invariant for all substrates and conserved in eukaryotes. 24681004 1 6 theme adhesion 287:294 arg1 molecules 296:304 adhesion molecules 287:304 adhesion molecules 287:304 The majority of membrane and secreted proteins, including many developmentally important signalling proteins, receptors and adhesion molecules, are cotranslationally N-glycosylated in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24681004 7 7 theme lateral 1163:1169 arg1 epidermis 1171:1179 the lateral epidermis 1159:1179 the lateral epidermis 1159:1179 Furthermore, cell intercalation in the lateral epidermis during germband extension is impaired in xit mutants. 24681004 8 8 gly glycosylation 1247:1259 arg1 E-Cadherin 1295:1304 E-Cadherin 1295:1304 E-Cadherin 1295:1304 xit affects glycosylation and intracellular distribution of E-Cadherin, albeit not the total amount of E-Cadherin protein. 24681004 9 9 theme E-Cadherin 1374:1383 arg1 depletion 1361:1369 depletion 1361:1369 depletion of E-Cadherin by RNAi 1361:1391 As depletion of E-Cadherin by RNAi induces a similar cell intercalation defect, E-Cadherin may be the major xit target that is functionally relevant for germband extension. 24681004 3 10 theme nascent 610:616 arg1 proteins 618:625 nascent proteins 610:625 nascent proteins 610:625 Correspondingly, the enzymes are conserved, which successively assemble the glycan precursor from activated monosaccharides prior to transfer to nascent proteins. 24681004 6 11 theme precursor 1055:1063 arg1 cells 1065:1069 mesoderm precursor cells 1046:1069 mesoderm precursor cells 1046:1069 xit is required for timely apical constriction of mesoderm precursor cells and ventral furrow formation in early embryogenesis. 24681004 0 12 theme gastrulation 125:136 arg1 movements 138:146 gastrulation movements 125:146 gastrulation movements in Drosophila 125:160 The glucosyltransferase Xiantuan of the endoplasmic reticulum specifically affects E-Cadherin expression and is required for gastrulation movements in Drosophila. 24681004 5 13 theme glucose 954:960 arg1 residues 962:969 the terminal glucose residues 941:969 the terminal glucose residues 941:969 We identified a mutation in the Drosophila gene, xiantuan (xit, CG4542), which encodes one of the conserved enzymes involved in addition of the terminal glucose residues to the glycan precursor. 24681004 1 14 from N-glycosylated 329:342 arg1 reticulum 363:371 the endoplasmic reticulum 347:371 the endoplasmic reticulum 347:371 The majority of membrane and secreted proteins, including many developmentally important signalling proteins, receptors and adhesion molecules, are cotranslationally N-glycosylated in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24681004 6 15 theme ventral 1075:1081 arg1 formation 1090:1098 ventral furrow formation 1075:1098 ventral furrow formation in early embryogenesis 1075:1121 xit is required for timely apical constriction of mesoderm precursor cells and ventral furrow formation in early embryogenesis. 24681004 8 16 theme total 1322:1326 arg1 amount 1328:1333 not the total amount 1314:1333 not the total amount of E-Cadherin protein 1314:1355 xit affects glycosylation and intracellular distribution of E-Cadherin, albeit not the total amount of E-Cadherin protein. 24681004 8 16 theme total 1322:1326 arg1 protein 1349:1355 E-Cadherin protein 1338:1355 E-Cadherin protein 1338:1355 xit affects glycosylation and intracellular distribution of E-Cadherin, albeit not the total amount of E-Cadherin protein. 24681004 4 17 theme responsible 738:748 arg1 enzymes 750:756 the responsible enzymes 734:756 the responsible enzymes 734:756 Despite the well-defined biochemistry, the physiological and developmental role of N-glycosylation and of the responsible enzymes has not been much investigated in metazoa. 24681004 6 18 theme apical 1023:1028 arg1 constriction 1030:1041 timely apical constriction 1016:1041 timely apical constriction of mesoderm precursor cells 1016:1069 xit is required for timely apical constriction of mesoderm precursor cells and ventral furrow formation in early embryogenesis. 24681004 5 19 theme terminal 945:952 arg1 residues 962:969 the terminal glucose residues 941:969 the terminal glucose residues 941:969 We identified a mutation in the Drosophila gene, xiantuan (xit, CG4542), which encodes one of the conserved enzymes involved in addition of the terminal glucose residues to the glycan precursor. 24681004 6 20 from formation 1090:1098 arg1 embryogenesis 1109:1121 early embryogenesis 1103:1121 early embryogenesis 1103:1121 xit is required for timely apical constriction of mesoderm precursor cells and ventral furrow formation in early embryogenesis. 24681004 1 21 theme secreted 192:199 arg1 proteins 201:208 secreted proteins 192:208 secreted proteins 192:208 The majority of membrane and secreted proteins, including many developmentally important signalling proteins, receptors and adhesion molecules, are cotranslationally N-glycosylated in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24681004 1 21 theme secreted 192:199 arg1 receptors 273:281 receptors 273:281 receptors 273:281 The majority of membrane and secreted proteins, including many developmentally important signalling proteins, receptors and adhesion molecules, are cotranslationally N-glycosylated in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24681004 1 21 theme secreted 192:199 arg1 molecules 296:304 adhesion molecules 287:304 adhesion molecules 287:304 The majority of membrane and secreted proteins, including many developmentally important signalling proteins, receptors and adhesion molecules, are cotranslationally N-glycosylated in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24681004 1 21 theme secreted 192:199 arg1 proteins 263:270 many developmentally important signalling proteins 221:270 many developmentally important signalling proteins 221:270 The majority of membrane and secreted proteins, including many developmentally important signalling proteins, receptors and adhesion molecules, are cotranslationally N-glycosylated in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24681004 0 22 theme glucosyltransferase 4:22 arg1 Xiantuan 24:31 The glucosyltransferase Xiantuan 0:31 The glucosyltransferase Xiantuan of the endoplasmic reticulum 0:60 The glucosyltransferase Xiantuan of the endoplasmic reticulum specifically affects E-Cadherin expression and is required for gastrulation movements in Drosophila. 24681004 9 23 theme intercalation 1416:1428 arg1 defect 1430:1435 a similar cell intercalation defect 1401:1435 a similar cell intercalation defect 1401:1435 As depletion of E-Cadherin by RNAi induces a similar cell intercalation defect, E-Cadherin may be the major xit target that is functionally relevant for germband extension. 24681004 5 24 dep xiantuan 850:857 arg1 xit 860:862 xit 860:862 xit 860:862 We identified a mutation in the Drosophila gene, xiantuan (xit, CG4542), which encodes one of the conserved enzymes involved in addition of the terminal glucose residues to the glycan precursor. 24681004 5 24 dep xiantuan 850:857 arg1 CG4542 865:870 CG4542 865:870 CG4542 865:870 We identified a mutation in the Drosophila gene, xiantuan (xit, CG4542), which encodes one of the conserved enzymes involved in addition of the terminal glucose residues to the glycan precursor. 24681004 5 25 theme glycan 978:983 arg1 precursor 985:993 the glycan precursor 974:993 the glycan precursor 974:993 We identified a mutation in the Drosophila gene, xiantuan (xit, CG4542), which encodes one of the conserved enzymes involved in addition of the terminal glucose residues to the glycan precursor. 24681004 1 26 theme proteins 201:208 arg1 N-glycosylated 329:342 N-glycosylated 329:342 N-glycosylated 329:342 The majority of membrane and secreted proteins, including many developmentally important signalling proteins, receptors and adhesion molecules, are cotranslationally N-glycosylated in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24681004 1 26 theme proteins 201:208 arg1 majority 167:174 The majority 163:174 The majority of membrane and secreted proteins, including many developmentally important signalling proteins, receptors and adhesion molecules, 163:305 The majority of membrane and secreted proteins, including many developmentally important signalling proteins, receptors and adhesion molecules, are cotranslationally N-glycosylated in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24681004 6 27 theme timely 1016:1021 arg1 constriction 1030:1041 timely apical constriction 1016:1041 timely apical constriction of mesoderm precursor cells 1016:1069 xit is required for timely apical constriction of mesoderm precursor cells and ventral furrow formation in early embryogenesis. 24681004 6 28 from constriction 1030:1041 arg1 embryogenesis 1109:1121 early embryogenesis 1103:1121 early embryogenesis 1103:1121 xit is required for timely apical constriction of mesoderm precursor cells and ventral furrow formation in early embryogenesis. 24681004 4 29 theme enzymes 750:756 arg1 role 703:706 the physiological and developmental role 667:706 the physiological and developmental role of N-glycosylation and of the responsible enzymes 667:756 Despite the well-defined biochemistry, the physiological and developmental role of N-glycosylation and of the responsible enzymes has not been much investigated in metazoa. 24681004 7 30 theme xit 1222:1224 arg1 mutants 1226:1232 xit mutants 1222:1232 xit mutants 1222:1232 Furthermore, cell intercalation in the lateral epidermis during germband extension is impaired in xit mutants. 24681004 7 31 from intercalation 1142:1154 arg1 epidermis 1171:1179 the lateral epidermis 1159:1179 the lateral epidermis 1159:1179 Furthermore, cell intercalation in the lateral epidermis during germband extension is impaired in xit mutants. 24681004 4 32 theme N-glycosylation 711:725 arg1 role 703:706 the physiological and developmental role 667:706 the physiological and developmental role of N-glycosylation and of the responsible enzymes 667:756 Despite the well-defined biochemistry, the physiological and developmental role of N-glycosylation and of the responsible enzymes has not been much investigated in metazoa. 24681004 9 33 theme cell 1411:1414 arg1 defect 1430:1435 a similar cell intercalation defect 1401:1435 a similar cell intercalation defect 1401:1435 As depletion of E-Cadherin by RNAi induces a similar cell intercalation defect, E-Cadherin may be the major xit target that is functionally relevant for germband extension. 24681004 5 34 from mutation 817:824 arg1 gene 844:847 the Drosophila gene 829:847 the Drosophila gene 829:847 We identified a mutation in the Drosophila gene, xiantuan (xit, CG4542), which encodes one of the conserved enzymes involved in addition of the terminal glucose residues to the glycan precursor. 24681004 1 35 theme membrane 179:186 arg1 N-glycosylated 329:342 N-glycosylated 329:342 N-glycosylated 329:342 The majority of membrane and secreted proteins, including many developmentally important signalling proteins, receptors and adhesion molecules, are cotranslationally N-glycosylated in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24681004 1 35 theme membrane 179:186 arg1 majority 167:174 The majority 163:174 The majority of membrane and secreted proteins, including many developmentally important signalling proteins, receptors and adhesion molecules, 163:305 The majority of membrane and secreted proteins, including many developmentally important signalling proteins, receptors and adhesion molecules, are cotranslationally N-glycosylated in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24681004 1 36 theme many 221:224 arg1 proteins 263:270 many developmentally important signalling proteins 221:270 many developmentally important signalling proteins 221:270 The majority of membrane and secreted proteins, including many developmentally important signalling proteins, receptors and adhesion molecules, are cotranslationally N-glycosylated in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24681004 0 37 theme endoplasmic 40:50 arg1 reticulum 52:60 the endoplasmic reticulum 36:60 the endoplasmic reticulum 36:60 The glucosyltransferase Xiantuan of the endoplasmic reticulum specifically affects E-Cadherin expression and is required for gastrulation movements in Drosophila. 24681004 5 38 theme residues 962:969 arg1 addition 929:936 addition 929:936 addition of the terminal glucose residues to the glycan precursor 929:993 We identified a mutation in the Drosophila gene, xiantuan (xit, CG4542), which encodes one of the conserved enzymes involved in addition of the terminal glucose residues to the glycan precursor. 24681004 8 39 theme protein 1349:1355 arg1 amount 1328:1333 not the total amount 1314:1333 not the total amount of E-Cadherin protein 1314:1355 xit affects glycosylation and intracellular distribution of E-Cadherin, albeit not the total amount of E-Cadherin protein. 24681004 8 39 theme protein 1349:1355 arg1 protein 1349:1355 E-Cadherin protein 1338:1355 E-Cadherin protein 1338:1355 xit affects glycosylation and intracellular distribution of E-Cadherin, albeit not the total amount of E-Cadherin protein. 24681004 5 40 theme conserved 899:907 arg1 enzymes 909:915 the conserved enzymes 895:915 the conserved enzymes involved in addition of the terminal glucose residues to the glycan precursor 895:993 We identified a mutation in the Drosophila gene, xiantuan (xit, CG4542), which encodes one of the conserved enzymes involved in addition of the terminal glucose residues to the glycan precursor. 24681004 4 41 theme well-defined 640:651 arg1 biochemistry 653:664 the well-defined biochemistry 636:664 the well-defined biochemistry 636:664 Despite the well-defined biochemistry, the physiological and developmental role of N-glycosylation and of the responsible enzymes has not been much investigated in metazoa. 24681004 8 42 theme intracellular 1265:1277 arg1 distribution 1279:1290 intracellular distribution 1265:1290 intracellular distribution 1265:1290 xit affects glycosylation and intracellular distribution of E-Cadherin, albeit not the total amount of E-Cadherin protein. 24681004 1 43 theme important 242:250 arg1 proteins 263:270 many developmentally important signalling proteins 221:270 many developmentally important signalling proteins 221:270 The majority of membrane and secreted proteins, including many developmentally important signalling proteins, receptors and adhesion molecules, are cotranslationally N-glycosylated in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24681004 7 44 theme germband 1188:1195 arg1 extension 1197:1205 germband extension 1188:1205 germband extension 1188:1205 Furthermore, cell intercalation in the lateral epidermis during germband extension is impaired in xit mutants. 24681004 1 45 theme endoplasmic 351:361 arg1 reticulum 363:371 the endoplasmic reticulum 347:371 the endoplasmic reticulum 347:371 The majority of membrane and secreted proteins, including many developmentally important signalling proteins, receptors and adhesion molecules, are cotranslationally N-glycosylated in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24681004 9 46 theme similar 1403:1409 arg1 defect 1430:1435 a similar cell intercalation defect 1401:1435 a similar cell intercalation defect 1401:1435 As depletion of E-Cadherin by RNAi induces a similar cell intercalation defect, E-Cadherin may be the major xit target that is functionally relevant for germband extension. 24681004 3 47 theme glycan 541:546 arg1 monosaccharides 573:587 the glycan precursor from activated monosaccharides 537:587 the glycan precursor from activated monosaccharides prior to transfer to nascent proteins 537:625 Correspondingly, the enzymes are conserved, which successively assemble the glycan precursor from activated monosaccharides prior to transfer to nascent proteins. 24681004 0 48 theme reticulum 52:60 arg1 Xiantuan 24:31 The glucosyltransferase Xiantuan 0:31 The glucosyltransferase Xiantuan of the endoplasmic reticulum 0:60 The glucosyltransferase Xiantuan of the endoplasmic reticulum specifically affects E-Cadherin expression and is required for gastrulation movements in Drosophila. 24681004 3 49 theme activated 563:571 arg1 monosaccharides 573:587 the glycan precursor from activated monosaccharides 537:587 the glycan precursor from activated monosaccharides prior to transfer to nascent proteins 537:625 Correspondingly, the enzymes are conserved, which successively assemble the glycan precursor from activated monosaccharides prior to transfer to nascent proteins. 24681004 3 50 theme precursor 548:556 arg1 monosaccharides 573:587 the glycan precursor from activated monosaccharides 537:587 the glycan precursor from activated monosaccharides prior to transfer to nascent proteins 537:625 Correspondingly, the enzymes are conserved, which successively assemble the glycan precursor from activated monosaccharides prior to transfer to nascent proteins. 24681004 1 51 gly N-glycosylated 329:342 arg1 N-glycosylated 329:342 N-glycosylated 329:342 N-glycosylated 329:342 The majority of membrane and secreted proteins, including many developmentally important signalling proteins, receptors and adhesion molecules, are cotranslationally N-glycosylated in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24681004 1 51 gly N-glycosylated 329:342 arg1 majority 167:174 The majority 163:174 The majority of membrane and secreted proteins, including many developmentally important signalling proteins, receptors and adhesion molecules, 163:305 The majority of membrane and secreted proteins, including many developmentally important signalling proteins, receptors and adhesion molecules, are cotranslationally N-glycosylated in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24681004 1 51 gly N-glycosylated 329:342 arg2 majority 167:174 The majority 163:174 The majority of membrane and secreted proteins, including many developmentally important signalling proteins, receptors and adhesion molecules, 163:305 The majority of membrane and secreted proteins, including many developmentally important signalling proteins, receptors and adhesion molecules, are cotranslationally N-glycosylated in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24681004 1 51 gly N-glycosylated 329:342 arg1 reticulum 363:371 the endoplasmic reticulum 347:371 the endoplasmic reticulum 347:371 The majority of membrane and secreted proteins, including many developmentally important signalling proteins, receptors and adhesion molecules, are cotranslationally N-glycosylated in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24681004 1 51 gly N-glycosylated 329:342 arg2 N-glycosylated 329:342 N-glycosylated 329:342 N-glycosylated 329:342 The majority of membrane and secreted proteins, including many developmentally important signalling proteins, receptors and adhesion molecules, are cotranslationally N-glycosylated in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24681004 1 52 theme signalling 252:261 arg1 proteins 263:270 many developmentally important signalling proteins 221:270 many developmentally important signalling proteins 221:270 The majority of membrane and secreted proteins, including many developmentally important signalling proteins, receptors and adhesion molecules, are cotranslationally N-glycosylated in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24681004 9 53 theme major 1460:1464 arg1 relevant 1498:1505 relevant 1498:1505 relevant 1498:1505 As depletion of E-Cadherin by RNAi induces a similar cell intercalation defect, E-Cadherin may be the major xit target that is functionally relevant for germband extension. 24681004 9 53 theme major 1460:1464 arg1 E-Cadherin 1438:1447 E-Cadherin 1438:1447 E-Cadherin 1438:1447 As depletion of E-Cadherin by RNAi induces a similar cell intercalation defect, E-Cadherin may be the major xit target that is functionally relevant for germband extension. 24681004 9 53 theme major 1460:1464 arg1 target 1470:1475 the major xit target 1456:1475 the major xit target that is functionally relevant for germband extension 1456:1528 As depletion of E-Cadherin by RNAi induces a similar cell intercalation defect, E-Cadherin may be the major xit target that is functionally relevant for germband extension. 24681004 9 54 theme germband 1511:1518 arg1 extension 1520:1528 germband extension 1511:1528 germband extension 1511:1528 As depletion of E-Cadherin by RNAi induces a similar cell intercalation defect, E-Cadherin may be the major xit target that is functionally relevant for germband extension. 24681004 4 55 theme physiological 671:683 arg1 role 703:706 the physiological and developmental role 667:706 the physiological and developmental role of N-glycosylation and of the responsible enzymes 667:756 Despite the well-defined biochemistry, the physiological and developmental role of N-glycosylation and of the responsible enzymes has not been much investigated in metazoa. 24681004 0 56 theme E-Cadherin 83:92 arg1 expression 94:103 E-Cadherin expression 83:103 E-Cadherin expression 83:103 The glucosyltransferase Xiantuan of the endoplasmic reticulum specifically affects E-Cadherin expression and is required for gastrulation movements in Drosophila. 24681004 6 57 theme furrow 1083:1088 arg1 formation 1090:1098 ventral furrow formation 1075:1098 ventral furrow formation in early embryogenesis 1075:1121 xit is required for timely apical constriction of mesoderm precursor cells and ventral furrow formation in early embryogenesis. 24681004 8 58 theme E-Cadherin 1338:1347 arg1 protein 1349:1355 E-Cadherin protein 1338:1355 E-Cadherin protein 1338:1355 xit affects glycosylation and intracellular distribution of E-Cadherin, albeit not the total amount of E-Cadherin protein. 24681004 6 59 theme early 1103:1107 arg1 embryogenesis 1109:1121 early embryogenesis 1103:1121 early embryogenesis 1103:1121 xit is required for timely apical constriction of mesoderm precursor cells and ventral furrow formation in early embryogenesis. 24681004 5 60 theme enzymes 909:915 arg1 mutation 817:824 a mutation 815:824 a mutation in the Drosophila gene 815:847 We identified a mutation in the Drosophila gene, xiantuan (xit, CG4542), which encodes one of the conserved enzymes involved in addition of the terminal glucose residues to the glycan precursor. 24681004 5 60 theme enzymes 909:915 arg1 enzymes 909:915 the conserved enzymes 895:915 the conserved enzymes involved in addition of the terminal glucose residues to the glycan precursor 895:993 We identified a mutation in the Drosophila gene, xiantuan (xit, CG4542), which encodes one of the conserved enzymes involved in addition of the terminal glucose residues to the glycan precursor. 24681004 5 60 theme enzymes 909:915 arg1 one 888:890 one 888:890 one 888:890 We identified a mutation in the Drosophila gene, xiantuan (xit, CG4542), which encodes one of the conserved enzymes involved in addition of the terminal glucose residues to the glycan precursor. 24681004 6 61 theme cells 1065:1069 arg1 constriction 1030:1041 timely apical constriction 1016:1041 timely apical constriction of mesoderm precursor cells 1016:1069 xit is required for timely apical constriction of mesoderm precursor cells and ventral furrow formation in early embryogenesis. 24681004 6 61 theme cells 1065:1069 arg1 formation 1090:1098 ventral furrow formation 1075:1098 ventral furrow formation in early embryogenesis 1075:1121 xit is required for timely apical constriction of mesoderm precursor cells and ventral furrow formation in early embryogenesis. 24681004 5 62 theme Drosophila 833:842 arg1 gene 844:847 the Drosophila gene 829:847 the Drosophila gene 829:847 We identified a mutation in the Drosophila gene, xiantuan (xit, CG4542), which encodes one of the conserved enzymes involved in addition of the terminal glucose residues to the glycan precursor. 24681004 4 63 theme developmental 689:701 arg1 role 703:706 the physiological and developmental role 667:706 the physiological and developmental role of N-glycosylation and of the responsible enzymes 667:756 Despite the well-defined biochemistry, the physiological and developmental role of N-glycosylation and of the responsible enzymes has not been much investigated in metazoa. 24681004 3 64 theme prior 589:593 arg1 monosaccharides 573:587 the glycan precursor from activated monosaccharides 537:587 the glycan precursor from activated monosaccharides prior to transfer to nascent proteins 537:625 Correspondingly, the enzymes are conserved, which successively assemble the glycan precursor from activated monosaccharides prior to transfer to nascent proteins. 24681004 9 65 theme xit 1466:1468 arg1 relevant 1498:1505 relevant 1498:1505 relevant 1498:1505 As depletion of E-Cadherin by RNAi induces a similar cell intercalation defect, E-Cadherin may be the major xit target that is functionally relevant for germband extension. 24681004 9 65 theme xit 1466:1468 arg1 E-Cadherin 1438:1447 E-Cadherin 1438:1447 E-Cadherin 1438:1447 As depletion of E-Cadherin by RNAi induces a similar cell intercalation defect, E-Cadherin may be the major xit target that is functionally relevant for germband extension. 24681004 9 65 theme xit 1466:1468 arg1 target 1470:1475 the major xit target 1456:1475 the major xit target that is functionally relevant for germband extension 1456:1528 As depletion of E-Cadherin by RNAi induces a similar cell intercalation defect, E-Cadherin may be the major xit target that is functionally relevant for germband extension. 24681004 0 66 from movements 138:146 arg1 Drosophila 151:160 Drosophila 151:160 Drosophila 151:160 The glucosyltransferase Xiantuan of the endoplasmic reticulum specifically affects E-Cadherin expression and is required for gastrulation movements in Drosophila. 27663552 0 0 theme orange 92:97 arg1 adsorption 50:59 the adsorption 46:59 the adsorption of methylene blue and reactive orange 16 46:100 Cross-linked chitosan/sepiolite composite for the adsorption of methylene blue and reactive orange 16. 27663552 4 1 from Freundlich 731:740 arg1 190.965mg/g 696:706 190.965mg/g 696:706 190.965mg/g 696:706 Monolayer adsorption capacities of CS50SP50 composite for MB and RO 16 were 40.986mg/g and 190.965mg/g, respectively at 30°C. Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin isotherms applied on the adsorption data for both the dyes reveal that data fitted best for Freundlich model. 27663552 4 1 from Freundlich 731:740 arg1 40.986mg/g 681:690 40.986mg/g 681:690 40.986mg/g 681:690 Monolayer adsorption capacities of CS50SP50 composite for MB and RO 16 were 40.986mg/g and 190.965mg/g, respectively at 30°C. Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin isotherms applied on the adsorption data for both the dyes reveal that data fitted best for Freundlich model. 27663552 0 2 theme reactive 83:90 arg1 orange 92:97 reactive orange 16 83:100 reactive orange 16 83:100 Cross-linked chitosan/sepiolite composite for the adsorption of methylene blue and reactive orange 16. 27663552 3 3 from effects 476:482 arg1 adsorption 556:565 MB and RO 16 adsorption 543:565 MB and RO 16 adsorption onto CS50SP50 composite 543:589 At an optimum adsorbent dosage of 0.2g/100mL, the effects of initial dye concentration (25-400mg/L) and pH (3-11) on MB and RO 16 adsorption onto CS50SP50 composite were studied. 27663552 4 4 theme composite 649:657 arg1 capacities 626:635 Monolayer adsorption capacities 605:635 Monolayer adsorption capacities of CS50SP50 composite for MB and RO 16 605:674 Monolayer adsorption capacities of CS50SP50 composite for MB and RO 16 were 40.986mg/g and 190.965mg/g, respectively at 30°C. Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin isotherms applied on the adsorption data for both the dyes reveal that data fitted best for Freundlich model. 27663552 6 5 theme cationic 1183:1190 arg1 dyes 1205:1208 both cationic and reactive dyes 1178:1208 both cationic and reactive dyes 1178:1208 The adsorption capacity of CS50SP50 composite for both the dyes was found better compared to previous studies thus making it potentially low-cost adsorbent for removal of both cationic and reactive dyes. 27663552 5 6 theme pseudo-second-order 891:909 arg1 kinetics 911:918 pseudo-second-order kinetics 891:918 pseudo-second-order kinetics 891:918 For both the dyes pseudo-second-order kinetics were found to describe the adsorption process better than pseudo-first-order kinetics. 27663552 3 7 theme pH 530:531 arg1 effects 476:482 the effects 472:482 the effects of initial dye concentration (25-400mg/L) and pH (3-11) on MB and RO 16 adsorption onto CS50SP50 composite 472:589 At an optimum adsorbent dosage of 0.2g/100mL, the effects of initial dye concentration (25-400mg/L) and pH (3-11) on MB and RO 16 adsorption onto CS50SP50 composite were studied. 27663552 6 8 theme reactive 1196:1203 arg1 dyes 1205:1208 both cationic and reactive dyes 1178:1208 both cationic and reactive dyes 1178:1208 The adsorption capacity of CS50SP50 composite for both the dyes was found better compared to previous studies thus making it potentially low-cost adsorbent for removal of both cationic and reactive dyes. 27663552 2 9 theme composites 309:318 arg1 percentage 267:276 the various weight ratio percentage 242:276 the various weight ratio percentage of chitosan and sepiolite clay composites 242:318 Among the various weight ratio percentage of chitosan and sepiolite clay composites, CS50SP50 was selected as the best adsorbent for both methylene blue (MB) and reactive orange 16 (RO 16). 27663552 3 10 theme 0.2g/100mL 460:469 arg1 dosage 450:455 an optimum adsorbent dosage 429:455 an optimum adsorbent dosage of 0.2g/100mL 429:469 At an optimum adsorbent dosage of 0.2g/100mL, the effects of initial dye concentration (25-400mg/L) and pH (3-11) on MB and RO 16 adsorption onto CS50SP50 composite were studied. 27663552 4 11 theme adsorption 788:797 arg1 data 799:802 the adsorption data 784:802 the adsorption data for both the dyes 784:820 Monolayer adsorption capacities of CS50SP50 composite for MB and RO 16 were 40.986mg/g and 190.965mg/g, respectively at 30°C. Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin isotherms applied on the adsorption data for both the dyes reveal that data fitted best for Freundlich model. 27663552 6 12 theme composite 1043:1051 arg1 capacity 1022:1029 The adsorption capacity 1007:1029 The adsorption capacity of CS50SP50 composite for both the dyes 1007:1069 The adsorption capacity of CS50SP50 composite for both the dyes was found better compared to previous studies thus making it potentially low-cost adsorbent for removal of both cationic and reactive dyes. 27663552 2 13 theme clay 304:307 arg1 composites 309:318 sepiolite clay composites 294:318 sepiolite clay composites 294:318 Among the various weight ratio percentage of chitosan and sepiolite clay composites, CS50SP50 was selected as the best adsorbent for both methylene blue (MB) and reactive orange 16 (RO 16). 27663552 2 14 theme reactive 398:405 arg1 orange 407:412 reactive orange 16 398:415 reactive orange 16 (RO 16) 398:423 Among the various weight ratio percentage of chitosan and sepiolite clay composites, CS50SP50 was selected as the best adsorbent for both methylene blue (MB) and reactive orange 16 (RO 16). 27663552 2 14 theme reactive 398:405 arg1 RO 418:419 RO 16 418:422 RO 16 418:422 Among the various weight ratio percentage of chitosan and sepiolite clay composites, CS50SP50 was selected as the best adsorbent for both methylene blue (MB) and reactive orange 16 (RO 16). 27663552 2 15 theme sepiolite 294:302 arg1 composites 309:318 sepiolite clay composites 294:318 sepiolite clay composites 294:318 Among the various weight ratio percentage of chitosan and sepiolite clay composites, CS50SP50 was selected as the best adsorbent for both methylene blue (MB) and reactive orange 16 (RO 16). 27663552 0 16 theme chitosan/sepiolite 13:30 arg1 composite 32:40 chitosan/sepiolite composite 13:40 chitosan/sepiolite composite 13:40 Cross-linked chitosan/sepiolite composite for the adsorption of methylene blue and reactive orange 16. 27663552 6 17 dep dyes 1066:1069 arg1 both 1057:1060 both 1057:1060 both 1057:1060 The adsorption capacity of CS50SP50 composite for both the dyes was found better compared to previous studies thus making it potentially low-cost adsorbent for removal of both cationic and reactive dyes. 27663552 6 18 theme dyes 1205:1208 arg1 removal 1167:1173 removal 1167:1173 removal of both cationic and reactive dyes 1167:1208 The adsorption capacity of CS50SP50 composite for both the dyes was found better compared to previous studies thus making it potentially low-cost adsorbent for removal of both cationic and reactive dyes. 27663552 4 19 theme adsorption 615:624 arg1 capacities 626:635 Monolayer adsorption capacities 605:635 Monolayer adsorption capacities of CS50SP50 composite for MB and RO 16 605:674 Monolayer adsorption capacities of CS50SP50 composite for MB and RO 16 were 40.986mg/g and 190.965mg/g, respectively at 30°C. Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin isotherms applied on the adsorption data for both the dyes reveal that data fitted best for Freundlich model. 27663552 4 20 theme Freundlich 855:864 arg1 model 866:870 Freundlich model 855:870 Freundlich model 855:870 Monolayer adsorption capacities of CS50SP50 composite for MB and RO 16 were 40.986mg/g and 190.965mg/g, respectively at 30°C. Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin isotherms applied on the adsorption data for both the dyes reveal that data fitted best for Freundlich model. 27663552 1 21 theme Cross-linked 103:114 arg1 composite 135:143 Cross-linked chitosan/sepiolite composite 103:143 Cross-linked chitosan/sepiolite composite 103:143 Cross-linked chitosan/sepiolite composite was prepared from sepiolite clay and chitosan, and was cross-linked using epichlorohydrin. 27663552 2 22 theme ratio 261:265 arg1 percentage 267:276 the various weight ratio percentage 242:276 the various weight ratio percentage of chitosan and sepiolite clay composites 242:318 Among the various weight ratio percentage of chitosan and sepiolite clay composites, CS50SP50 was selected as the best adsorbent for both methylene blue (MB) and reactive orange 16 (RO 16). 27663552 3 23 theme adsorbent 440:448 arg1 dosage 450:455 an optimum adsorbent dosage 429:455 an optimum adsorbent dosage of 0.2g/100mL 429:469 At an optimum adsorbent dosage of 0.2g/100mL, the effects of initial dye concentration (25-400mg/L) and pH (3-11) on MB and RO 16 adsorption onto CS50SP50 composite were studied. 27663552 3 24 theme concentration 499:511 arg1 effects 476:482 the effects 472:482 the effects of initial dye concentration (25-400mg/L) and pH (3-11) on MB and RO 16 adsorption onto CS50SP50 composite 472:589 At an optimum adsorbent dosage of 0.2g/100mL, the effects of initial dye concentration (25-400mg/L) and pH (3-11) on MB and RO 16 adsorption onto CS50SP50 composite were studied. 27663552 1 25 theme chitosan/sepiolite 116:133 arg1 composite 135:143 Cross-linked chitosan/sepiolite composite 103:143 Cross-linked chitosan/sepiolite composite 103:143 Cross-linked chitosan/sepiolite composite was prepared from sepiolite clay and chitosan, and was cross-linked using epichlorohydrin. 27663552 3 26 theme initial 487:493 arg1 25-400mg/L 514:523 25-400mg/L 514:523 25-400mg/L 514:523 At an optimum adsorbent dosage of 0.2g/100mL, the effects of initial dye concentration (25-400mg/L) and pH (3-11) on MB and RO 16 adsorption onto CS50SP50 composite were studied. 27663552 3 26 theme initial 487:493 arg1 concentration 499:511 initial dye concentration 487:511 initial dye concentration (25-400mg/L) 487:524 At an optimum adsorbent dosage of 0.2g/100mL, the effects of initial dye concentration (25-400mg/L) and pH (3-11) on MB and RO 16 adsorption onto CS50SP50 composite were studied. 27663552 3 27 theme MB 543:544 arg1 adsorption 556:565 MB and RO 16 adsorption 543:565 MB and RO 16 adsorption onto CS50SP50 composite 543:589 At an optimum adsorbent dosage of 0.2g/100mL, the effects of initial dye concentration (25-400mg/L) and pH (3-11) on MB and RO 16 adsorption onto CS50SP50 composite were studied. 27663552 4 28 theme Monolayer 605:613 arg1 capacities 626:635 Monolayer adsorption capacities 605:635 Monolayer adsorption capacities of CS50SP50 composite for MB and RO 16 605:674 Monolayer adsorption capacities of CS50SP50 composite for MB and RO 16 were 40.986mg/g and 190.965mg/g, respectively at 30°C. Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin isotherms applied on the adsorption data for both the dyes reveal that data fitted best for Freundlich model. 27663552 4 29 dep dyes 817:820 arg1 both 808:811 both 808:811 both 808:811 Monolayer adsorption capacities of CS50SP50 composite for MB and RO 16 were 40.986mg/g and 190.965mg/g, respectively at 30°C. Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin isotherms applied on the adsorption data for both the dyes reveal that data fitted best for Freundlich model. 27663552 2 30 theme weight 254:259 arg1 percentage 267:276 the various weight ratio percentage 242:276 the various weight ratio percentage of chitosan and sepiolite clay composites 242:318 Among the various weight ratio percentage of chitosan and sepiolite clay composites, CS50SP50 was selected as the best adsorbent for both methylene blue (MB) and reactive orange 16 (RO 16). 27663552 3 31 theme optimum 432:438 arg1 dosage 450:455 an optimum adsorbent dosage 429:455 an optimum adsorbent dosage of 0.2g/100mL 429:469 At an optimum adsorbent dosage of 0.2g/100mL, the effects of initial dye concentration (25-400mg/L) and pH (3-11) on MB and RO 16 adsorption onto CS50SP50 composite were studied. 27663552 0 32 theme methylene 64:72 arg1 adsorption 50:59 the adsorption 46:59 the adsorption of methylene blue and reactive orange 16 46:100 Cross-linked chitosan/sepiolite composite for the adsorption of methylene blue and reactive orange 16. 27663552 2 33 theme various 246:252 arg1 percentage 267:276 the various weight ratio percentage 242:276 the various weight ratio percentage of chitosan and sepiolite clay composites 242:318 Among the various weight ratio percentage of chitosan and sepiolite clay composites, CS50SP50 was selected as the best adsorbent for both methylene blue (MB) and reactive orange 16 (RO 16). 27663552 5 34 theme pseudo-first-order 978:995 arg1 kinetics 997:1004 pseudo-first-order kinetics 978:1004 pseudo-first-order kinetics 978:1004 For both the dyes pseudo-second-order kinetics were found to describe the adsorption process better than pseudo-first-order kinetics. 27663552 5 35 theme adsorption 947:956 arg1 process 958:964 the adsorption process 943:964 the adsorption process 943:964 For both the dyes pseudo-second-order kinetics were found to describe the adsorption process better than pseudo-first-order kinetics. 27663552 4 36 theme Temkin 756:761 arg1 isotherms 763:771 Langmuir and Temkin isotherms 743:771 Langmuir and Temkin isotherms applied on the adsorption data for both the dyes 743:820 Monolayer adsorption capacities of CS50SP50 composite for MB and RO 16 were 40.986mg/g and 190.965mg/g, respectively at 30°C. Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin isotherms applied on the adsorption data for both the dyes reveal that data fitted best for Freundlich model. 27663552 6 37 theme previous 1100:1107 arg1 studies 1109:1115 previous studies 1100:1115 previous studies 1100:1115 The adsorption capacity of CS50SP50 composite for both the dyes was found better compared to previous studies thus making it potentially low-cost adsorbent for removal of both cationic and reactive dyes. 27663552 2 38 theme chitosan 281:288 arg1 percentage 267:276 the various weight ratio percentage 242:276 the various weight ratio percentage of chitosan and sepiolite clay composites 242:318 Among the various weight ratio percentage of chitosan and sepiolite clay composites, CS50SP50 was selected as the best adsorbent for both methylene blue (MB) and reactive orange 16 (RO 16). 27663552 3 39 theme dye 495:497 arg1 25-400mg/L 514:523 25-400mg/L 514:523 25-400mg/L 514:523 At an optimum adsorbent dosage of 0.2g/100mL, the effects of initial dye concentration (25-400mg/L) and pH (3-11) on MB and RO 16 adsorption onto CS50SP50 composite were studied. 27663552 3 39 theme dye 495:497 arg1 concentration 499:511 initial dye concentration 487:511 initial dye concentration (25-400mg/L) 487:524 At an optimum adsorbent dosage of 0.2g/100mL, the effects of initial dye concentration (25-400mg/L) and pH (3-11) on MB and RO 16 adsorption onto CS50SP50 composite were studied. 27663552 1 40 link Cross-linked 103:114 arg1 composite 135:143 Cross-linked chitosan/sepiolite composite 103:143 Cross-linked chitosan/sepiolite composite 103:143 Cross-linked chitosan/sepiolite composite was prepared from sepiolite clay and chitosan, and was cross-linked using epichlorohydrin. 27663552 3 41 theme RO 550:551 arg1 adsorption 556:565 MB and RO 16 adsorption 543:565 MB and RO 16 adsorption onto CS50SP50 composite 543:589 At an optimum adsorbent dosage of 0.2g/100mL, the effects of initial dye concentration (25-400mg/L) and pH (3-11) on MB and RO 16 adsorption onto CS50SP50 composite were studied. 27663552 6 42 theme adsorption 1011:1020 arg1 capacity 1022:1029 The adsorption capacity 1007:1029 The adsorption capacity of CS50SP50 composite for both the dyes 1007:1069 The adsorption capacity of CS50SP50 composite for both the dyes was found better compared to previous studies thus making it potentially low-cost adsorbent for removal of both cationic and reactive dyes. 27663552 1 43 theme sepiolite 163:171 arg1 clay 173:176 sepiolite clay 163:176 sepiolite clay 163:176 Cross-linked chitosan/sepiolite composite was prepared from sepiolite clay and chitosan, and was cross-linked using epichlorohydrin. 27663552 0 44 theme blue 74:77 arg1 methylene 64:72 methylene blue 64:77 methylene blue 64:77 Cross-linked chitosan/sepiolite composite for the adsorption of methylene blue and reactive orange 16. 27663552 4 45 theme Langmuir 743:750 arg1 isotherms 763:771 Langmuir and Temkin isotherms 743:771 Langmuir and Temkin isotherms applied on the adsorption data for both the dyes 743:820 Monolayer adsorption capacities of CS50SP50 composite for MB and RO 16 were 40.986mg/g and 190.965mg/g, respectively at 30°C. Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin isotherms applied on the adsorption data for both the dyes reveal that data fitted best for Freundlich model. 27663552 2 46 theme blue 384:387 arg1 methylene 374:382 methylene blue 374:387 methylene blue (MB) 374:392 Among the various weight ratio percentage of chitosan and sepiolite clay composites, CS50SP50 was selected as the best adsorbent for both methylene blue (MB) and reactive orange 16 (RO 16). 27663552 2 46 theme blue 384:387 arg1 MB 390:391 MB 390:391 MB 390:391 Among the various weight ratio percentage of chitosan and sepiolite clay composites, CS50SP50 was selected as the best adsorbent for both methylene blue (MB) and reactive orange 16 (RO 16). 24753388 4 0 theme many 611:614 arg1 applications 616:627 many applications 611:627 many applications 611:627 Yet, the glycosylation pattern of insect cell-derived products is not favorable for many applications. 24753388 5 1 theme core 658:661 arg1 fucose 675:680 core α1,3-linked fucose 658:680 core α1,3-linked fucose 658:680 Especially, the presence of core α1,3-linked fucose bears the risk of causing immediate hypersensitivity reactions in patients with allergy. 24753388 0 2 with patients 112:119 arg1 allergy 126:132 allergy 126:132 allergy 126:132 Minimizing fucosylation in insect cell-derived glycoproteins reduces binding to IgE antibodies from the sera of patients with allergy. 24753388 5 3 theme fucose 675:680 arg1 presence 646:653 the presence 642:653 the presence of core α1,3-linked fucose 642:680 Especially, the presence of core α1,3-linked fucose bears the risk of causing immediate hypersensitivity reactions in patients with allergy. 24753388 2 4 theme biological 311:320 arg1 activity 322:329 reduced biological activity 303:329 reduced biological activity 303:329 Nevertheless, these products sometimes suffer from reduced biological activity and unwanted side effects. 24753388 0 5 link cell-derived 34:45 arg1 glycoproteins 47:59 insect cell-derived glycoproteins 27:59 insect cell-derived glycoproteins 27:59 Minimizing fucosylation in insect cell-derived glycoproteins reduces binding to IgE antibodies from the sera of patients with allergy. 24753388 9 6 theme overall 1258:1264 arg1 level 1266:1270 the overall level 1254:1270 the overall level of recombinant protein secretion 1254:1303 Expression studies showed that the co-expression of RMD did not influence the overall level of recombinant protein secretion. 24753388 1 7 theme powerful 194:201 arg1 system 163:168 The baculovirus/insect cell system 135:168 The baculovirus/insect cell system 135:168 The baculovirus/insect cell system has proven to be a very powerful tool for the expression of several therapeutics. 24753388 1 7 theme powerful 194:201 arg1 tool 203:206 a very powerful tool 187:206 a very powerful tool for the expression of several therapeutics 187:249 The baculovirus/insect cell system has proven to be a very powerful tool for the expression of several therapeutics. 24753388 12 8 theme IgE 1646:1648 arg1 levels 1658:1663 IgE binding levels 1646:1663 IgE binding levels 1646:1663 The non-fucosylated HA showed a 10-fold decrease in IgE binding levels as compared to wildtype variants. 24753388 5 9 theme immediate 708:716 arg1 reactions 735:743 immediate hypersensitivity reactions 708:743 immediate hypersensitivity reactions 708:743 Especially, the presence of core α1,3-linked fucose bears the risk of causing immediate hypersensitivity reactions in patients with allergy. 24753388 9 10 theme protein 1287:1293 arg1 secretion 1295:1303 recombinant protein secretion 1275:1303 recombinant protein secretion 1275:1303 Expression studies showed that the co-expression of RMD did not influence the overall level of recombinant protein secretion. 24753388 12 11 gly non-fucosylated 1598:1612 arg1 HA 1614:1615 The non-fucosylated HA 1594:1615 The non-fucosylated HA 1594:1615 The non-fucosylated HA showed a 10-fold decrease in IgE binding levels as compared to wildtype variants. 24753388 11 12 theme purified 1576:1583 arg1 antigen 1585:1591 the purified antigen 1572:1591 the purified antigen 1572:1591 In order to evaluate the biological impact of defucosylation of influenza HA we tested the binding activity of IgE derived from the sera of patients with allergy to the purified antigen. 24753388 7 13 dep Pseudomonas 984:994 arg1 aeruginosa 996:1005 aeruginosa 996:1005 aeruginosa 996:1005 In order to block the GDP-L-fucose de novo synthesis pathway, we integrated the Pseudomonas aeruginosa GDP-6-deoxy-D-lyxo-4-hexulose reductase (RMD) gene into a baculovirus backbone. 24753388 7 14 theme RMD 1048:1050 arg1 gene 1053:1056 the Pseudomonas aeruginosa GDP-6-deoxy-D-lyxo-4-hexulose reductase (RMD) gene 980:1056 the Pseudomonas aeruginosa GDP-6-deoxy-D-lyxo-4-hexulose reductase (RMD) gene 980:1056 In order to block the GDP-L-fucose de novo synthesis pathway, we integrated the Pseudomonas aeruginosa GDP-6-deoxy-D-lyxo-4-hexulose reductase (RMD) gene into a baculovirus backbone. 24753388 7 15 theme reductase 1037:1045 arg1 gene 1053:1056 the Pseudomonas aeruginosa GDP-6-deoxy-D-lyxo-4-hexulose reductase (RMD) gene 980:1056 the Pseudomonas aeruginosa GDP-6-deoxy-D-lyxo-4-hexulose reductase (RMD) gene 980:1056 In order to block the GDP-L-fucose de novo synthesis pathway, we integrated the Pseudomonas aeruginosa GDP-6-deoxy-D-lyxo-4-hexulose reductase (RMD) gene into a baculovirus backbone. 24753388 1 16 theme cell 158:161 arg1 tool 203:206 a very powerful tool 187:206 a very powerful tool for the expression of several therapeutics 187:249 The baculovirus/insect cell system has proven to be a very powerful tool for the expression of several therapeutics. 24753388 1 16 theme cell 158:161 arg1 system 163:168 The baculovirus/insect cell system 135:168 The baculovirus/insect cell system 135:168 The baculovirus/insect cell system has proven to be a very powerful tool for the expression of several therapeutics. 24753388 8 17 used used 1107:1110 arg2 virus 1092:1096 This virus 1087:1096 This virus 1087:1096 This virus was then used for the expression of soluble influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA). 24753388 5 18 link α1,3-linked 663:673 arg1 fucose 675:680 core α1,3-linked fucose 658:680 core α1,3-linked fucose 658:680 Especially, the presence of core α1,3-linked fucose bears the risk of causing immediate hypersensitivity reactions in patients with allergy. 24753388 11 19 theme HA 1481:1482 arg1 defucosylation 1453:1466 defucosylation 1453:1466 defucosylation of influenza HA 1453:1482 In order to evaluate the biological impact of defucosylation of influenza HA we tested the binding activity of IgE derived from the sera of patients with allergy to the purified antigen. 24753388 0 20 theme Minimizing 0:9 arg1 fucosylation 11:22 Minimizing fucosylation 0:22 Minimizing fucosylation in insect cell-derived glycoproteins 0:59 Minimizing fucosylation in insect cell-derived glycoproteins reduces binding to IgE antibodies from the sera of patients with allergy. 24753388 4 21 theme products 581:588 arg1 pattern 550:556 the glycosylation pattern 532:556 the glycosylation pattern of insect cell-derived products 532:588 Yet, the glycosylation pattern of insect cell-derived products is not favorable for many applications. 24753388 4 21 theme products 581:588 arg1 favorable 597:605 favorable 597:605 favorable 597:605 Yet, the glycosylation pattern of insect cell-derived products is not favorable for many applications. 24753388 6 22 from impact 803:808 arg1 potential 847:855 the allergenic potential 832:855 the allergenic potential of an insect cell-expressed vaccine candidate 832:901 In this study, we evaluated the impact of fucose residues on the allergenic potential of an insect cell-expressed vaccine candidate. 24753388 11 23 theme binding 1498:1504 arg1 activity 1506:1513 the binding activity 1494:1513 the binding activity of IgE derived from the sera of patients with allergy to the purified antigen 1494:1591 In order to evaluate the biological impact of defucosylation of influenza HA we tested the binding activity of IgE derived from the sera of patients with allergy to the purified antigen. 24753388 0 24 theme cell-derived 34:45 arg1 glycoproteins 47:59 insect cell-derived glycoproteins 27:59 insect cell-derived glycoproteins 27:59 Minimizing fucosylation in insect cell-derived glycoproteins reduces binding to IgE antibodies from the sera of patients with allergy. 24753388 12 25 from decrease 1634:1641 arg1 levels 1658:1663 IgE binding levels 1646:1663 IgE binding levels 1646:1663 The non-fucosylated HA showed a 10-fold decrease in IgE binding levels as compared to wildtype variants. 24753388 6 26 theme candidate 893:901 arg1 potential 847:855 the allergenic potential 832:855 the allergenic potential of an insect cell-expressed vaccine candidate 832:901 In this study, we evaluated the impact of fucose residues on the allergenic potential of an insect cell-expressed vaccine candidate. 24753388 0 27 gly fucosylation 11:22 arg1 glycoproteins 47:59 insect cell-derived glycoproteins 27:59 insect cell-derived glycoproteins 27:59 Minimizing fucosylation in insect cell-derived glycoproteins reduces binding to IgE antibodies from the sera of patients with allergy. 24753388 5 28 with patients 748:755 arg1 allergy 762:768 allergy 762:768 allergy 762:768 Especially, the presence of core α1,3-linked fucose bears the risk of causing immediate hypersensitivity reactions in patients with allergy. 24753388 3 29 theme glycoproteins 512:524 arg1 immunogenicity 486:499 immunogenicity 486:499 immunogenicity 486:499 Several studies have demonstrated that glycosylation can greatly influence the structure, function, half-life, antigenicity and immunogenicity of various glycoproteins. 24753388 3 29 theme glycoproteins 512:524 arg1 antigenicity 469:480 antigenicity 469:480 antigenicity 469:480 Several studies have demonstrated that glycosylation can greatly influence the structure, function, half-life, antigenicity and immunogenicity of various glycoproteins. 24753388 3 29 theme glycoproteins 512:524 arg1 half-life 458:466 half-life 458:466 half-life 458:466 Several studies have demonstrated that glycosylation can greatly influence the structure, function, half-life, antigenicity and immunogenicity of various glycoproteins. 24753388 3 29 theme glycoproteins 512:524 arg1 function 448:455 function 448:455 function 448:455 Several studies have demonstrated that glycosylation can greatly influence the structure, function, half-life, antigenicity and immunogenicity of various glycoproteins. 24753388 3 29 theme glycoproteins 512:524 arg1 structure 437:445 structure 437:445 structure 437:445 Several studies have demonstrated that glycosylation can greatly influence the structure, function, half-life, antigenicity and immunogenicity of various glycoproteins. 24753388 8 30 theme influenza 1142:1150 arg1 HA 1175:1176 HA 1175:1176 HA 1175:1176 This virus was then used for the expression of soluble influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA). 24753388 8 30 theme influenza 1142:1150 arg1 hemagglutinin 1160:1172 soluble influenza A virus hemagglutinin 1134:1172 soluble influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA) 1134:1177 This virus was then used for the expression of soluble influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA). 24753388 6 31 theme cell-expressed 870:883 arg1 candidate 893:901 an insect cell-expressed vaccine candidate 860:901 an insect cell-expressed vaccine candidate 860:901 In this study, we evaluated the impact of fucose residues on the allergenic potential of an insect cell-expressed vaccine candidate. 24753388 4 32 theme insect 561:566 arg1 products 581:588 insect cell-derived products 561:588 insect cell-derived products 561:588 Yet, the glycosylation pattern of insect cell-derived products is not favorable for many applications. 24753388 6 33 theme residues 820:827 arg1 impact 803:808 the impact 799:808 the impact of fucose residues on the allergenic potential of an insect cell-expressed vaccine candidate 799:901 In this study, we evaluated the impact of fucose residues on the allergenic potential of an insect cell-expressed vaccine candidate. 24753388 10 34 theme PNGase 1359:1364 arg1 N-glycans 1377:1385 PNGase A-released N-glycans 1359:1385 PNGase A-released N-glycans using MALDI-TOF-MS 1359:1404 We confirmed the result of our strategy by analyzing PNGase A-released N-glycans using MALDI-TOF-MS. 24753388 2 35 theme unwanted 335:342 arg1 effects 349:355 unwanted side effects 335:355 unwanted side effects 335:355 Nevertheless, these products sometimes suffer from reduced biological activity and unwanted side effects. 24753388 7 36 theme synthesis 947:955 arg1 pathway 957:963 the GDP-L-fucose de novo synthesis pathway 922:963 the GDP-L-fucose de novo synthesis pathway 922:963 In order to block the GDP-L-fucose de novo synthesis pathway, we integrated the Pseudomonas aeruginosa GDP-6-deoxy-D-lyxo-4-hexulose reductase (RMD) gene into a baculovirus backbone. 24753388 8 37 theme virus 1154:1158 arg1 HA 1175:1176 HA 1175:1176 HA 1175:1176 This virus was then used for the expression of soluble influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA). 24753388 8 37 theme virus 1154:1158 arg1 hemagglutinin 1160:1172 soluble influenza A virus hemagglutinin 1134:1172 soluble influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA) 1134:1177 This virus was then used for the expression of soluble influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA). 24753388 0 38 gly glycoproteins 47:59 arg1 glycoproteins 47:59 insect cell-derived glycoproteins 27:59 insect cell-derived glycoproteins 27:59 Minimizing fucosylation in insect cell-derived glycoproteins reduces binding to IgE antibodies from the sera of patients with allergy. 24753388 7 39 theme de 939:940 arg1 pathway 957:963 the GDP-L-fucose de novo synthesis pathway 922:963 the GDP-L-fucose de novo synthesis pathway 922:963 In order to block the GDP-L-fucose de novo synthesis pathway, we integrated the Pseudomonas aeruginosa GDP-6-deoxy-D-lyxo-4-hexulose reductase (RMD) gene into a baculovirus backbone. 24753388 5 40 contain bears 682:686 arg2 risk 692:695 the risk 688:695 the risk of causing immediate hypersensitivity reactions in patients with allergy 688:768 Especially, the presence of core α1,3-linked fucose bears the risk of causing immediate hypersensitivity reactions in patients with allergy. 24753388 5 40 contain bears 682:686 arg1 presence 646:653 the presence 642:653 the presence of core α1,3-linked fucose 642:680 Especially, the presence of core α1,3-linked fucose bears the risk of causing immediate hypersensitivity reactions in patients with allergy. 24753388 1 41 theme therapeutics 238:249 arg1 expression 216:225 the expression 212:225 the expression of several therapeutics 212:249 The baculovirus/insect cell system has proven to be a very powerful tool for the expression of several therapeutics. 24753388 11 42 theme defucosylation 1453:1466 arg1 impact 1443:1448 the biological impact 1428:1448 the biological impact of defucosylation of influenza HA 1428:1482 In order to evaluate the biological impact of defucosylation of influenza HA we tested the binding activity of IgE derived from the sera of patients with allergy to the purified antigen. 24753388 6 43 theme allergenic 836:845 arg1 potential 847:855 the allergenic potential 832:855 the allergenic potential of an insect cell-expressed vaccine candidate 832:901 In this study, we evaluated the impact of fucose residues on the allergenic potential of an insect cell-expressed vaccine candidate. 24753388 4 44 link cell-derived 568:579 arg1 products 581:588 insect cell-derived products 561:588 insect cell-derived products 561:588 Yet, the glycosylation pattern of insect cell-derived products is not favorable for many applications. 24753388 9 45 theme RMD 1232:1234 arg1 co-expression 1215:1227 the co-expression 1211:1227 the co-expression of RMD 1211:1234 Expression studies showed that the co-expression of RMD did not influence the overall level of recombinant protein secretion. 24753388 5 46 theme α1,3-linked 663:673 arg1 fucose 675:680 core α1,3-linked fucose 658:680 core α1,3-linked fucose 658:680 Especially, the presence of core α1,3-linked fucose bears the risk of causing immediate hypersensitivity reactions in patients with allergy. 24753388 6 47 theme fucose 813:818 arg1 residues 820:827 fucose residues 813:827 fucose residues 813:827 In this study, we evaluated the impact of fucose residues on the allergenic potential of an insect cell-expressed vaccine candidate. 24753388 4 48 gly glycosylation 536:548 arg1 products 581:588 insect cell-derived products 561:588 insect cell-derived products 561:588 Yet, the glycosylation pattern of insect cell-derived products is not favorable for many applications. 24753388 11 49 with patients 1547:1554 arg1 allergy 1561:1567 allergy 1561:1567 allergy to the purified antigen 1561:1591 In order to evaluate the biological impact of defucosylation of influenza HA we tested the binding activity of IgE derived from the sera of patients with allergy to the purified antigen. 24753388 2 50 theme reduced 303:309 arg1 activity 322:329 reduced biological activity 303:329 reduced biological activity 303:329 Nevertheless, these products sometimes suffer from reduced biological activity and unwanted side effects. 24753388 12 51 theme binding 1650:1656 arg1 levels 1658:1663 IgE binding levels 1646:1663 IgE binding levels 1646:1663 The non-fucosylated HA showed a 10-fold decrease in IgE binding levels as compared to wildtype variants. 24753388 4 52 theme glycosylation 536:548 arg1 pattern 550:556 the glycosylation pattern 532:556 the glycosylation pattern of insect cell-derived products 532:588 Yet, the glycosylation pattern of insect cell-derived products is not favorable for many applications. 24753388 4 52 theme glycosylation 536:548 arg1 favorable 597:605 favorable 597:605 favorable 597:605 Yet, the glycosylation pattern of insect cell-derived products is not favorable for many applications. 24753388 9 53 theme recombinant 1275:1285 arg1 secretion 1295:1303 recombinant protein secretion 1275:1303 recombinant protein secretion 1275:1303 Expression studies showed that the co-expression of RMD did not influence the overall level of recombinant protein secretion. 24753388 7 54 theme baculovirus 1065:1075 arg1 backbone 1077:1084 a baculovirus backbone 1063:1084 a baculovirus backbone 1063:1084 In order to block the GDP-L-fucose de novo synthesis pathway, we integrated the Pseudomonas aeruginosa GDP-6-deoxy-D-lyxo-4-hexulose reductase (RMD) gene into a baculovirus backbone. 24753388 12 55 theme 10-fold 1626:1632 arg1 decrease 1634:1641 a 10-fold decrease 1624:1641 a 10-fold decrease in IgE binding levels 1624:1663 The non-fucosylated HA showed a 10-fold decrease in IgE binding levels as compared to wildtype variants. 24753388 5 56 theme hypersensitivity 718:733 arg1 reactions 735:743 immediate hypersensitivity reactions 708:743 immediate hypersensitivity reactions 708:743 Especially, the presence of core α1,3-linked fucose bears the risk of causing immediate hypersensitivity reactions in patients with allergy. 24753388 9 57 theme secretion 1295:1303 arg1 level 1266:1270 the overall level 1254:1270 the overall level of recombinant protein secretion 1254:1303 Expression studies showed that the co-expression of RMD did not influence the overall level of recombinant protein secretion. 24753388 7 58 theme GDP-6-deoxy-D-lyxo-4-hexulose 1007:1035 arg1 gene 1053:1056 the Pseudomonas aeruginosa GDP-6-deoxy-D-lyxo-4-hexulose reductase (RMD) gene 980:1056 the Pseudomonas aeruginosa GDP-6-deoxy-D-lyxo-4-hexulose reductase (RMD) gene 980:1056 In order to block the GDP-L-fucose de novo synthesis pathway, we integrated the Pseudomonas aeruginosa GDP-6-deoxy-D-lyxo-4-hexulose reductase (RMD) gene into a baculovirus backbone. 24753388 11 59 theme IgE 1518:1520 arg1 activity 1506:1513 the binding activity 1494:1513 the binding activity of IgE derived from the sera of patients with allergy to the purified antigen 1494:1591 In order to evaluate the biological impact of defucosylation of influenza HA we tested the binding activity of IgE derived from the sera of patients with allergy to the purified antigen. 24753388 0 60 theme IgE 80:82 arg1 antibodies 84:93 IgE antibodies 80:93 IgE antibodies 80:93 Minimizing fucosylation in insect cell-derived glycoproteins reduces binding to IgE antibodies from the sera of patients with allergy. 24753388 1 61 theme baculovirus/insect 139:156 arg1 tool 203:206 a very powerful tool 187:206 a very powerful tool for the expression of several therapeutics 187:249 The baculovirus/insect cell system has proven to be a very powerful tool for the expression of several therapeutics. 24753388 1 61 theme baculovirus/insect 139:156 arg1 system 163:168 The baculovirus/insect cell system 135:168 The baculovirus/insect cell system 135:168 The baculovirus/insect cell system has proven to be a very powerful tool for the expression of several therapeutics. 24753388 12 62 theme non-fucosylated 1598:1612 arg1 HA 1614:1615 The non-fucosylated HA 1594:1615 The non-fucosylated HA 1594:1615 The non-fucosylated HA showed a 10-fold decrease in IgE binding levels as compared to wildtype variants. 24753388 11 63 theme patients 1547:1554 arg1 sera 1539:1542 the sera 1535:1542 the sera of patients with allergy to the purified antigen 1535:1591 In order to evaluate the biological impact of defucosylation of influenza HA we tested the binding activity of IgE derived from the sera of patients with allergy to the purified antigen. 24753388 0 64 from fucosylation 11:22 arg1 glycoproteins 47:59 insect cell-derived glycoproteins 27:59 insect cell-derived glycoproteins 27:59 Minimizing fucosylation in insect cell-derived glycoproteins reduces binding to IgE antibodies from the sera of patients with allergy. 24753388 11 65 gly defucosylation 1453:1466 arg1 HA 1481:1482 influenza HA 1471:1482 influenza HA 1471:1482 In order to evaluate the biological impact of defucosylation of influenza HA we tested the binding activity of IgE derived from the sera of patients with allergy to the purified antigen. 24753388 0 66 theme patients 112:119 arg1 sera 104:107 the sera 100:107 the sera of patients with allergy 100:132 Minimizing fucosylation in insect cell-derived glycoproteins reduces binding to IgE antibodies from the sera of patients with allergy. 24753388 7 67 theme Pseudomonas 984:994 arg1 gene 1053:1056 the Pseudomonas aeruginosa GDP-6-deoxy-D-lyxo-4-hexulose reductase (RMD) gene 980:1056 the Pseudomonas aeruginosa GDP-6-deoxy-D-lyxo-4-hexulose reductase (RMD) gene 980:1056 In order to block the GDP-L-fucose de novo synthesis pathway, we integrated the Pseudomonas aeruginosa GDP-6-deoxy-D-lyxo-4-hexulose reductase (RMD) gene into a baculovirus backbone. 24753388 12 68 theme wildtype 1680:1687 arg1 variants 1689:1696 wildtype variants 1680:1696 wildtype variants 1680:1696 The non-fucosylated HA showed a 10-fold decrease in IgE binding levels as compared to wildtype variants. 24753388 3 69 theme Several 358:364 arg1 studies 366:372 Several studies 358:372 Several studies 358:372 Several studies have demonstrated that glycosylation can greatly influence the structure, function, half-life, antigenicity and immunogenicity of various glycoproteins. 24753388 11 70 attach derived 1522:1528 arg2 IgE 1518:1520 IgE 1518:1520 IgE derived from the sera of patients with allergy to the purified antigen 1518:1591 In order to evaluate the biological impact of defucosylation of influenza HA we tested the binding activity of IgE derived from the sera of patients with allergy to the purified antigen. 24753388 11 70 attach derived 1522:1528 arg1 sera 1539:1542 the sera 1535:1542 the sera of patients with allergy to the purified antigen 1535:1591 In order to evaluate the biological impact of defucosylation of influenza HA we tested the binding activity of IgE derived from the sera of patients with allergy to the purified antigen. 24753388 11 71 theme influenza 1471:1479 arg1 HA 1481:1482 influenza HA 1471:1482 influenza HA 1471:1482 In order to evaluate the biological impact of defucosylation of influenza HA we tested the binding activity of IgE derived from the sera of patients with allergy to the purified antigen. 24753388 3 72 dep structure 437:445 arg1 the 433:435 the 433:435 the 433:435 Several studies have demonstrated that glycosylation can greatly influence the structure, function, half-life, antigenicity and immunogenicity of various glycoproteins. 24753388 3 73 gly glycoproteins 512:524 arg1 glycoproteins 512:524 various glycoproteins 504:524 various glycoproteins 504:524 Several studies have demonstrated that glycosylation can greatly influence the structure, function, half-life, antigenicity and immunogenicity of various glycoproteins. 24753388 0 74 theme insect 27:32 arg1 glycoproteins 47:59 insect cell-derived glycoproteins 27:59 insect cell-derived glycoproteins 27:59 Minimizing fucosylation in insect cell-derived glycoproteins reduces binding to IgE antibodies from the sera of patients with allergy. 24753388 10 75 theme strategy 1337:1344 arg1 result 1323:1328 the result 1319:1328 the result of our strategy 1319:1344 We confirmed the result of our strategy by analyzing PNGase A-released N-glycans using MALDI-TOF-MS. 24753388 8 76 theme soluble 1134:1140 arg1 HA 1175:1176 HA 1175:1176 HA 1175:1176 This virus was then used for the expression of soluble influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA). 24753388 8 76 theme soluble 1134:1140 arg1 hemagglutinin 1160:1172 soluble influenza A virus hemagglutinin 1134:1172 soluble influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA) 1134:1177 This virus was then used for the expression of soluble influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA). 24753388 8 77 theme A 1152:1152 arg1 HA 1175:1176 HA 1175:1176 HA 1175:1176 This virus was then used for the expression of soluble influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA). 24753388 8 77 theme A 1152:1152 arg1 hemagglutinin 1160:1172 soluble influenza A virus hemagglutinin 1134:1172 soluble influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA) 1134:1177 This virus was then used for the expression of soluble influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA). 24753388 6 78 theme vaccine 885:891 arg1 candidate 893:901 an insect cell-expressed vaccine candidate 860:901 an insect cell-expressed vaccine candidate 860:901 In this study, we evaluated the impact of fucose residues on the allergenic potential of an insect cell-expressed vaccine candidate. 24753388 4 79 theme cell-derived 568:579 arg1 products 581:588 insect cell-derived products 561:588 insect cell-derived products 561:588 Yet, the glycosylation pattern of insect cell-derived products is not favorable for many applications. 24753388 10 80 theme A-released 1366:1375 arg1 N-glycans 1377:1385 PNGase A-released N-glycans 1359:1385 PNGase A-released N-glycans using MALDI-TOF-MS 1359:1404 We confirmed the result of our strategy by analyzing PNGase A-released N-glycans using MALDI-TOF-MS. 24753388 2 81 theme side 344:347 arg1 effects 349:355 unwanted side effects 335:355 unwanted side effects 335:355 Nevertheless, these products sometimes suffer from reduced biological activity and unwanted side effects. 24753388 8 82 theme hemagglutinin 1160:1172 arg1 expression 1120:1129 the expression 1116:1129 the expression of soluble influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA) 1116:1177 This virus was then used for the expression of soluble influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA). 24753388 6 83 theme insect 863:868 arg1 candidate 893:901 an insect cell-expressed vaccine candidate 860:901 an insect cell-expressed vaccine candidate 860:901 In this study, we evaluated the impact of fucose residues on the allergenic potential of an insect cell-expressed vaccine candidate. 24753388 7 84 dep de 939:940 arg1 novo 942:945 novo 942:945 novo 942:945 In order to block the GDP-L-fucose de novo synthesis pathway, we integrated the Pseudomonas aeruginosa GDP-6-deoxy-D-lyxo-4-hexulose reductase (RMD) gene into a baculovirus backbone. 24753388 9 85 theme Expression 1180:1189 arg1 studies 1191:1197 Expression studies 1180:1197 Expression studies 1180:1197 Expression studies showed that the co-expression of RMD did not influence the overall level of recombinant protein secretion. 24753388 3 86 theme various 504:510 arg1 glycoproteins 512:524 various glycoproteins 504:524 various glycoproteins 504:524 Several studies have demonstrated that glycosylation can greatly influence the structure, function, half-life, antigenicity and immunogenicity of various glycoproteins. 24753388 7 87 theme GDP-L-fucose 926:937 arg1 pathway 957:963 the GDP-L-fucose de novo synthesis pathway 922:963 the GDP-L-fucose de novo synthesis pathway 922:963 In order to block the GDP-L-fucose de novo synthesis pathway, we integrated the Pseudomonas aeruginosa GDP-6-deoxy-D-lyxo-4-hexulose reductase (RMD) gene into a baculovirus backbone. 24753388 11 88 theme biological 1432:1441 arg1 impact 1443:1448 the biological impact 1428:1448 the biological impact of defucosylation of influenza HA 1428:1482 In order to evaluate the biological impact of defucosylation of influenza HA we tested the binding activity of IgE derived from the sera of patients with allergy to the purified antigen. 24753388 1 89 theme several 230:236 arg1 therapeutics 238:249 several therapeutics 230:249 several therapeutics 230:249 The baculovirus/insect cell system has proven to be a very powerful tool for the expression of several therapeutics. 27086296 3 0 theme % 639:639 arg1 removal 624:630 a high removal 617:630 a high removal of 97.8% (4.89mg/g gel) and 91.4% (182.4mg/g gel) 617:680 The composite hydrogel showed a high removal of 97.8% (4.89mg/g gel) and 91.4% (182.4mg/g gel) at an initial feed metal ion concentration of 5mg/L and 200mg/L, respectively. 27086296 3 1 theme high 619:622 arg1 removal 624:630 a high removal 617:630 a high removal of 97.8% (4.89mg/g gel) and 91.4% (182.4mg/g gel) 617:680 The composite hydrogel showed a high removal of 97.8% (4.89mg/g gel) and 91.4% (182.4mg/g gel) at an initial feed metal ion concentration of 5mg/L and 200mg/L, respectively. 27086296 2 2 from concentration 546:558 arg1 water 580:584 water 580:584 water 580:584 The structure of the hydrogels was characterized and the hydrogels showing the best results in mechanical and swelling properties were used for the removal of low (5-50mg/L) and high (100-800mg/L) concentration of Cr(VI) ions from water. 27086296 2 3 used used 484:487 arg2 hydrogels 406:414 the hydrogels 402:414 the hydrogels showing the best results in mechanical and swelling properties 402:477 The structure of the hydrogels was characterized and the hydrogels showing the best results in mechanical and swelling properties were used for the removal of low (5-50mg/L) and high (100-800mg/L) concentration of Cr(VI) ions from water. 27086296 0 4 theme guar 44:47 arg1 gum 49:51 guar gum 44:51 guar gum 44:51 Enhanced adsorption of Cr(VI) from water by guar gum based composite hydrogels. 27086296 1 5 from N-methylenebisacrylamide 270:293 arg1 water 342:346 water 342:346 water 342:346 Composite hydrogels were prepared by in situ incorporation of a natural macromolecule guar gum and nano sized bentonite clay in an acrylic network during copolymerization of acrylic acid, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and hydroxyethyl methacrlylate (HEMA) in water. 27086296 2 6 from water 580:584 arg1 Cr 563:564 Cr(VI) ions from water 563:584 Cr(VI) ions from water 563:584 The structure of the hydrogels was characterized and the hydrogels showing the best results in mechanical and swelling properties were used for the removal of low (5-50mg/L) and high (100-800mg/L) concentration of Cr(VI) ions from water. 27086296 2 6 from water 580:584 arg1 concentration 546:558 low (5-50mg/L) and high (100-800mg/L) concentration 508:558 low (5-50mg/L) and high (100-800mg/L) concentration of Cr(VI) ions from water 508:584 The structure of the hydrogels was characterized and the hydrogels showing the best results in mechanical and swelling properties were used for the removal of low (5-50mg/L) and high (100-800mg/L) concentration of Cr(VI) ions from water. 27086296 1 7 theme acrylic 211:217 arg1 network 219:225 an acrylic network 208:225 an acrylic network during copolymerization of acrylic acid, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and hydroxyethyl methacrlylate (HEMA) in water 208:346 Composite hydrogels were prepared by in situ incorporation of a natural macromolecule guar gum and nano sized bentonite clay in an acrylic network during copolymerization of acrylic acid, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and hydroxyethyl methacrlylate (HEMA) in water. 27086296 0 8 theme composite 59:67 arg1 hydrogels 69:77 composite hydrogels 59:77 composite hydrogels 59:77 Enhanced adsorption of Cr(VI) from water by guar gum based composite hydrogels. 27086296 3 9 theme composite 591:599 arg1 hydrogel 601:608 The composite hydrogel 587:608 The composite hydrogel 587:608 The composite hydrogel showed a high removal of 97.8% (4.89mg/g gel) and 91.4% (182.4mg/g gel) at an initial feed metal ion concentration of 5mg/L and 200mg/L, respectively. 27086296 1 10 from incorporation 125:137 arg1 network 219:225 an acrylic network 208:225 an acrylic network during copolymerization of acrylic acid, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and hydroxyethyl methacrlylate (HEMA) in water 208:346 Composite hydrogels were prepared by in situ incorporation of a natural macromolecule guar gum and nano sized bentonite clay in an acrylic network during copolymerization of acrylic acid, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and hydroxyethyl methacrlylate (HEMA) in water. 27086296 3 11 theme 5mg/L 728:732 arg1 concentration 711:723 an initial feed metal ion concentration 685:723 an initial feed metal ion concentration of 5mg/L and 200mg/L 685:744 The composite hydrogel showed a high removal of 97.8% (4.89mg/g gel) and 91.4% (182.4mg/g gel) at an initial feed metal ion concentration of 5mg/L and 200mg/L, respectively. 27086296 1 12 theme hydroxyethyl 305:316 arg1 methacrlylate 318:330 hydroxyethyl methacrlylate 305:330 hydroxyethyl methacrlylate 305:330 Composite hydrogels were prepared by in situ incorporation of a natural macromolecule guar gum and nano sized bentonite clay in an acrylic network during copolymerization of acrylic acid, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and hydroxyethyl methacrlylate (HEMA) in water. 27086296 1 13 from N 268:268 arg1 water 342:346 water 342:346 water 342:346 Composite hydrogels were prepared by in situ incorporation of a natural macromolecule guar gum and nano sized bentonite clay in an acrylic network during copolymerization of acrylic acid, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and hydroxyethyl methacrlylate (HEMA) in water. 27086296 2 14 dep Cr 563:564 arg1 VI 566:567 VI 566:567 VI 566:567 The structure of the hydrogels was characterized and the hydrogels showing the best results in mechanical and swelling properties were used for the removal of low (5-50mg/L) and high (100-800mg/L) concentration of Cr(VI) ions from water. 27086296 2 14 dep Cr 563:564 arg1 ions 570:573 ions 570:573 Cr(VI) ions from water 563:584 The structure of the hydrogels was characterized and the hydrogels showing the best results in mechanical and swelling properties were used for the removal of low (5-50mg/L) and high (100-800mg/L) concentration of Cr(VI) ions from water. 27086296 2 15 theme swelling 459:466 arg1 properties 468:477 mechanical and swelling properties 444:477 mechanical and swelling properties 444:477 The structure of the hydrogels was characterized and the hydrogels showing the best results in mechanical and swelling properties were used for the removal of low (5-50mg/L) and high (100-800mg/L) concentration of Cr(VI) ions from water. 27086296 1 16 theme methacrlylate 318:330 arg1 copolymerization 234:249 copolymerization 234:249 copolymerization of acrylic acid, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and hydroxyethyl methacrlylate (HEMA) in water 234:346 Composite hydrogels were prepared by in situ incorporation of a natural macromolecule guar gum and nano sized bentonite clay in an acrylic network during copolymerization of acrylic acid, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and hydroxyethyl methacrlylate (HEMA) in water. 27086296 2 17 theme Cr 563:564 arg1 concentration 546:558 low (5-50mg/L) and high (100-800mg/L) concentration 508:558 low (5-50mg/L) and high (100-800mg/L) concentration of Cr(VI) ions from water 508:584 The structure of the hydrogels was characterized and the hydrogels showing the best results in mechanical and swelling properties were used for the removal of low (5-50mg/L) and high (100-800mg/L) concentration of Cr(VI) ions from water. 27086296 1 18 from acid 262:265 arg1 water 342:346 water 342:346 water 342:346 Composite hydrogels were prepared by in situ incorporation of a natural macromolecule guar gum and nano sized bentonite clay in an acrylic network during copolymerization of acrylic acid, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and hydroxyethyl methacrlylate (HEMA) in water. 27086296 2 19 theme best 428:431 arg1 results 433:439 the best results 424:439 the best results 424:439 The structure of the hydrogels was characterized and the hydrogels showing the best results in mechanical and swelling properties were used for the removal of low (5-50mg/L) and high (100-800mg/L) concentration of Cr(VI) ions from water. 27086296 1 20 from copolymerization 234:249 arg1 water 342:346 water 342:346 water 342:346 Composite hydrogels were prepared by in situ incorporation of a natural macromolecule guar gum and nano sized bentonite clay in an acrylic network during copolymerization of acrylic acid, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and hydroxyethyl methacrlylate (HEMA) in water. 27086296 2 21 dep low 508:510 arg1 5-50mg/L 513:520 5-50mg/L 513:520 5-50mg/L 513:520 The structure of the hydrogels was characterized and the hydrogels showing the best results in mechanical and swelling properties were used for the removal of low (5-50mg/L) and high (100-800mg/L) concentration of Cr(VI) ions from water. 27086296 1 22 theme natural 144:150 arg1 gum 171:173 a natural macromolecule guar gum 142:173 a natural macromolecule guar gum 142:173 Composite hydrogels were prepared by in situ incorporation of a natural macromolecule guar gum and nano sized bentonite clay in an acrylic network during copolymerization of acrylic acid, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and hydroxyethyl methacrlylate (HEMA) in water. 27086296 0 23 theme Enhanced 0:7 arg1 adsorption 9:18 Enhanced adsorption 0:18 Enhanced adsorption of Cr(VI) from water by guar gum 0:51 Enhanced adsorption of Cr(VI) from water by guar gum based composite hydrogels. 27086296 1 24 theme macromolecule 152:164 arg1 gum 171:173 a natural macromolecule guar gum 142:173 a natural macromolecule guar gum 142:173 Composite hydrogels were prepared by in situ incorporation of a natural macromolecule guar gum and nano sized bentonite clay in an acrylic network during copolymerization of acrylic acid, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and hydroxyethyl methacrlylate (HEMA) in water. 27086296 0 25 theme Cr 23:24 arg1 adsorption 9:18 Enhanced adsorption 0:18 Enhanced adsorption of Cr(VI) from water by guar gum 0:51 Enhanced adsorption of Cr(VI) from water by guar gum based composite hydrogels. 27086296 3 26 theme 4.89mg/g 642:649 arg1 % 639:639 97.8% 635:639 97.8% (4.89mg/g gel) 635:654 The composite hydrogel showed a high removal of 97.8% (4.89mg/g gel) and 91.4% (182.4mg/g gel) at an initial feed metal ion concentration of 5mg/L and 200mg/L, respectively. 27086296 3 26 theme 4.89mg/g 642:649 arg1 gel 651:653 4.89mg/g gel 642:653 4.89mg/g gel 642:653 The composite hydrogel showed a high removal of 97.8% (4.89mg/g gel) and 91.4% (182.4mg/g gel) at an initial feed metal ion concentration of 5mg/L and 200mg/L, respectively. 27086296 1 27 theme guar 166:169 arg1 gum 171:173 a natural macromolecule guar gum 142:173 a natural macromolecule guar gum 142:173 Composite hydrogels were prepared by in situ incorporation of a natural macromolecule guar gum and nano sized bentonite clay in an acrylic network during copolymerization of acrylic acid, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and hydroxyethyl methacrlylate (HEMA) in water. 27086296 1 28 from methacrlylate 318:330 arg1 water 342:346 water 342:346 water 342:346 Composite hydrogels were prepared by in situ incorporation of a natural macromolecule guar gum and nano sized bentonite clay in an acrylic network during copolymerization of acrylic acid, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and hydroxyethyl methacrlylate (HEMA) in water. 27086296 1 29 theme acrylic 254:260 arg1 acid 262:265 acrylic acid 254:265 acrylic acid 254:265 Composite hydrogels were prepared by in situ incorporation of a natural macromolecule guar gum and nano sized bentonite clay in an acrylic network during copolymerization of acrylic acid, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and hydroxyethyl methacrlylate (HEMA) in water. 27086296 1 29 theme acrylic 254:260 arg1 HEMA 333:336 HEMA 333:336 HEMA 333:336 Composite hydrogels were prepared by in situ incorporation of a natural macromolecule guar gum and nano sized bentonite clay in an acrylic network during copolymerization of acrylic acid, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and hydroxyethyl methacrlylate (HEMA) in water. 27086296 1 30 dep in 117:118 arg1 situ 120:123 situ 120:123 situ 120:123 Composite hydrogels were prepared by in situ incorporation of a natural macromolecule guar gum and nano sized bentonite clay in an acrylic network during copolymerization of acrylic acid, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and hydroxyethyl methacrlylate (HEMA) in water. 27086296 1 31 theme gum 171:173 arg1 clay 200:203 nano sized bentonite clay 179:203 nano sized bentonite clay in an acrylic network during copolymerization of acrylic acid, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and hydroxyethyl methacrlylate (HEMA) in water 179:346 Composite hydrogels were prepared by in situ incorporation of a natural macromolecule guar gum and nano sized bentonite clay in an acrylic network during copolymerization of acrylic acid, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and hydroxyethyl methacrlylate (HEMA) in water. 27086296 1 31 theme gum 171:173 arg1 incorporation 125:137 in situ incorporation 117:137 in situ incorporation of a natural macromolecule guar gum 117:173 Composite hydrogels were prepared by in situ incorporation of a natural macromolecule guar gum and nano sized bentonite clay in an acrylic network during copolymerization of acrylic acid, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and hydroxyethyl methacrlylate (HEMA) in water. 27086296 1 32 theme acid 262:265 arg1 copolymerization 234:249 copolymerization 234:249 copolymerization of acrylic acid, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and hydroxyethyl methacrlylate (HEMA) in water 234:346 Composite hydrogels were prepared by in situ incorporation of a natural macromolecule guar gum and nano sized bentonite clay in an acrylic network during copolymerization of acrylic acid, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and hydroxyethyl methacrlylate (HEMA) in water. 27086296 2 33 theme high 527:530 arg1 concentration 546:558 low (5-50mg/L) and high (100-800mg/L) concentration 508:558 low (5-50mg/L) and high (100-800mg/L) concentration of Cr(VI) ions from water 508:584 The structure of the hydrogels was characterized and the hydrogels showing the best results in mechanical and swelling properties were used for the removal of low (5-50mg/L) and high (100-800mg/L) concentration of Cr(VI) ions from water. 27086296 1 34 from water 342:346 arg1 copolymerization 234:249 copolymerization 234:249 copolymerization of acrylic acid, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and hydroxyethyl methacrlylate (HEMA) in water 234:346 Composite hydrogels were prepared by in situ incorporation of a natural macromolecule guar gum and nano sized bentonite clay in an acrylic network during copolymerization of acrylic acid, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and hydroxyethyl methacrlylate (HEMA) in water. 27086296 3 35 theme initial 688:694 arg1 concentration 711:723 an initial feed metal ion concentration 685:723 an initial feed metal ion concentration of 5mg/L and 200mg/L 685:744 The composite hydrogel showed a high removal of 97.8% (4.89mg/g gel) and 91.4% (182.4mg/g gel) at an initial feed metal ion concentration of 5mg/L and 200mg/L, respectively. 27086296 1 36 theme nano 179:182 arg1 clay 200:203 nano sized bentonite clay 179:203 nano sized bentonite clay in an acrylic network during copolymerization of acrylic acid, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and hydroxyethyl methacrlylate (HEMA) in water 179:346 Composite hydrogels were prepared by in situ incorporation of a natural macromolecule guar gum and nano sized bentonite clay in an acrylic network during copolymerization of acrylic acid, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and hydroxyethyl methacrlylate (HEMA) in water. 27086296 3 37 theme 182.4mg/g 667:675 arg1 % 664:664 91.4% 660:664 91.4% (182.4mg/g gel) 660:680 The composite hydrogel showed a high removal of 97.8% (4.89mg/g gel) and 91.4% (182.4mg/g gel) at an initial feed metal ion concentration of 5mg/L and 200mg/L, respectively. 27086296 3 37 theme 182.4mg/g 667:675 arg1 gel 677:679 182.4mg/g gel 667:679 182.4mg/g gel 667:679 The composite hydrogel showed a high removal of 97.8% (4.89mg/g gel) and 91.4% (182.4mg/g gel) at an initial feed metal ion concentration of 5mg/L and 200mg/L, respectively. 27086296 1 38 theme N 268:268 arg1 copolymerization 234:249 copolymerization 234:249 copolymerization of acrylic acid, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and hydroxyethyl methacrlylate (HEMA) in water 234:346 Composite hydrogels were prepared by in situ incorporation of a natural macromolecule guar gum and nano sized bentonite clay in an acrylic network during copolymerization of acrylic acid, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and hydroxyethyl methacrlylate (HEMA) in water. 27086296 1 39 from clay 200:203 arg1 network 219:225 an acrylic network 208:225 an acrylic network during copolymerization of acrylic acid, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and hydroxyethyl methacrlylate (HEMA) in water 208:346 Composite hydrogels were prepared by in situ incorporation of a natural macromolecule guar gum and nano sized bentonite clay in an acrylic network during copolymerization of acrylic acid, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and hydroxyethyl methacrlylate (HEMA) in water. 27086296 0 40 from water 35:39 arg1 adsorption 9:18 Enhanced adsorption 0:18 Enhanced adsorption of Cr(VI) from water by guar gum 0:51 Enhanced adsorption of Cr(VI) from water by guar gum based composite hydrogels. 27086296 1 41 theme Composite 80:88 arg1 hydrogels 90:98 Composite hydrogels 80:98 Composite hydrogels 80:98 Composite hydrogels were prepared by in situ incorporation of a natural macromolecule guar gum and nano sized bentonite clay in an acrylic network during copolymerization of acrylic acid, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and hydroxyethyl methacrlylate (HEMA) in water. 27086296 2 42 dep high 527:530 arg1 100-800mg/L 533:543 100-800mg/L 533:543 100-800mg/L 533:543 The structure of the hydrogels was characterized and the hydrogels showing the best results in mechanical and swelling properties were used for the removal of low (5-50mg/L) and high (100-800mg/L) concentration of Cr(VI) ions from water. 27086296 2 43 theme concentration 546:558 arg1 removal 497:503 the removal 493:503 the removal of low (5-50mg/L) and high (100-800mg/L) concentration of Cr(VI) ions from water 493:584 The structure of the hydrogels was characterized and the hydrogels showing the best results in mechanical and swelling properties were used for the removal of low (5-50mg/L) and high (100-800mg/L) concentration of Cr(VI) ions from water. 27086296 3 44 theme ion 707:709 arg1 concentration 711:723 an initial feed metal ion concentration 685:723 an initial feed metal ion concentration of 5mg/L and 200mg/L 685:744 The composite hydrogel showed a high removal of 97.8% (4.89mg/g gel) and 91.4% (182.4mg/g gel) at an initial feed metal ion concentration of 5mg/L and 200mg/L, respectively. 27086296 1 45 theme N-methylenebisacrylamide 270:293 arg1 copolymerization 234:249 copolymerization 234:249 copolymerization of acrylic acid, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and hydroxyethyl methacrlylate (HEMA) in water 234:346 Composite hydrogels were prepared by in situ incorporation of a natural macromolecule guar gum and nano sized bentonite clay in an acrylic network during copolymerization of acrylic acid, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and hydroxyethyl methacrlylate (HEMA) in water. 27086296 2 46 theme low 508:510 arg1 concentration 546:558 low (5-50mg/L) and high (100-800mg/L) concentration 508:558 low (5-50mg/L) and high (100-800mg/L) concentration of Cr(VI) ions from water 508:584 The structure of the hydrogels was characterized and the hydrogels showing the best results in mechanical and swelling properties were used for the removal of low (5-50mg/L) and high (100-800mg/L) concentration of Cr(VI) ions from water. 27086296 0 47 dep Cr 23:24 arg1 VI 26:27 VI 26:27 VI 26:27 Enhanced adsorption of Cr(VI) from water by guar gum based composite hydrogels. 27086296 3 48 theme 200mg/L 738:744 arg1 concentration 711:723 an initial feed metal ion concentration 685:723 an initial feed metal ion concentration of 5mg/L and 200mg/L 685:744 The composite hydrogel showed a high removal of 97.8% (4.89mg/g gel) and 91.4% (182.4mg/g gel) at an initial feed metal ion concentration of 5mg/L and 200mg/L, respectively. 27086296 1 49 theme sized 184:188 arg1 clay 200:203 nano sized bentonite clay 179:203 nano sized bentonite clay in an acrylic network during copolymerization of acrylic acid, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and hydroxyethyl methacrlylate (HEMA) in water 179:346 Composite hydrogels were prepared by in situ incorporation of a natural macromolecule guar gum and nano sized bentonite clay in an acrylic network during copolymerization of acrylic acid, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and hydroxyethyl methacrlylate (HEMA) in water. 27086296 3 50 theme feed 696:699 arg1 concentration 711:723 an initial feed metal ion concentration 685:723 an initial feed metal ion concentration of 5mg/L and 200mg/L 685:744 The composite hydrogel showed a high removal of 97.8% (4.89mg/g gel) and 91.4% (182.4mg/g gel) at an initial feed metal ion concentration of 5mg/L and 200mg/L, respectively. 27086296 1 51 theme bentonite 190:198 arg1 clay 200:203 nano sized bentonite clay 179:203 nano sized bentonite clay in an acrylic network during copolymerization of acrylic acid, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and hydroxyethyl methacrlylate (HEMA) in water 179:346 Composite hydrogels were prepared by in situ incorporation of a natural macromolecule guar gum and nano sized bentonite clay in an acrylic network during copolymerization of acrylic acid, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and hydroxyethyl methacrlylate (HEMA) in water. 27086296 2 52 theme mechanical 444:453 arg1 properties 468:477 mechanical and swelling properties 444:477 mechanical and swelling properties 444:477 The structure of the hydrogels was characterized and the hydrogels showing the best results in mechanical and swelling properties were used for the removal of low (5-50mg/L) and high (100-800mg/L) concentration of Cr(VI) ions from water. 27086296 3 53 theme metal 701:705 arg1 concentration 711:723 an initial feed metal ion concentration 685:723 an initial feed metal ion concentration of 5mg/L and 200mg/L 685:744 The composite hydrogel showed a high removal of 97.8% (4.89mg/g gel) and 91.4% (182.4mg/g gel) at an initial feed metal ion concentration of 5mg/L and 200mg/L, respectively. 27086296 3 54 theme % 664:664 arg1 removal 624:630 a high removal 617:630 a high removal of 97.8% (4.89mg/g gel) and 91.4% (182.4mg/g gel) 617:680 The composite hydrogel showed a high removal of 97.8% (4.89mg/g gel) and 91.4% (182.4mg/g gel) at an initial feed metal ion concentration of 5mg/L and 200mg/L, respectively. 27086296 2 55 theme hydrogels 370:378 arg1 structure 353:361 The structure 349:361 The structure of the hydrogels 349:378 The structure of the hydrogels was characterized and the hydrogels showing the best results in mechanical and swelling properties were used for the removal of low (5-50mg/L) and high (100-800mg/L) concentration of Cr(VI) ions from water. 27086296 1 56 theme in 117:118 arg1 incorporation 125:137 in situ incorporation 117:137 in situ incorporation of a natural macromolecule guar gum 117:173 Composite hydrogels were prepared by in situ incorporation of a natural macromolecule guar gum and nano sized bentonite clay in an acrylic network during copolymerization of acrylic acid, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and hydroxyethyl methacrlylate (HEMA) in water. 25702713 3 0 theme component 987:995 arg1 analysis 997:1004 principal component analysis 977:1004 principal component analysis 977:1004 Additionally, correlation analysis and principal component analysis were carried out to detect clustering and elucidate relationships between components' concentrations and bioactivities to clarify the role of effective composition. 25702713 8 1 theme anti-inflammatory 1724:1740 arg1 contents 1710:1717 flavonoids contents 1699:1717 flavonoids contents 1699:1717 The antioxidant capacity was related to the phenolic acids and flavonoids contents, the anti-inflammatory and sedative-hypnotic capacities were related to the saponins content. 25702713 8 1 theme anti-inflammatory 1724:1740 arg1 capacities 1764:1773 the anti-inflammatory and sedative-hypnotic capacities 1720:1773 the anti-inflammatory and sedative-hypnotic capacities 1720:1773 The antioxidant capacity was related to the phenolic acids and flavonoids contents, the anti-inflammatory and sedative-hypnotic capacities were related to the saponins content. 25702713 10 2 theme cultivated 2049:2058 arg1 optimization 2060:2071 cultivated optimization 2049:2071 cultivated optimization 2049:2071 It would informatively benefit the genetic selection and cultivated optimization of Lilium varieties to improve nutritional quality, and promote Lilium bulbs as a therapeutic functional food worldwide. 25702713 8 3 theme sedative-hypnotic 1746:1762 arg1 contents 1710:1717 flavonoids contents 1699:1717 flavonoids contents 1699:1717 The antioxidant capacity was related to the phenolic acids and flavonoids contents, the anti-inflammatory and sedative-hypnotic capacities were related to the saponins content. 25702713 8 3 theme sedative-hypnotic 1746:1762 arg1 capacities 1764:1773 the anti-inflammatory and sedative-hypnotic capacities 1720:1773 the anti-inflammatory and sedative-hypnotic capacities 1720:1773 The antioxidant capacity was related to the phenolic acids and flavonoids contents, the anti-inflammatory and sedative-hypnotic capacities were related to the saponins content. 25702713 2 4 theme scavenging 667:676 arg1 activity 678:685 reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity 635:685 activity 678:685 Antioxidant activity (reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity), anti-inflammatory (xylene-induced mouse ear edema detumescent assay and carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema detumescent assay), and sedative-hypnotic capacities (sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep assay) were comparatively evaluated in mouse model. 25702713 2 5 theme xylene-induced 708:721 arg1 assay 751:755 xylene-induced mouse ear edema detumescent assay 708:755 xylene-induced mouse ear edema detumescent assay 708:755 Antioxidant activity (reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity), anti-inflammatory (xylene-induced mouse ear edema detumescent assay and carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema detumescent assay), and sedative-hypnotic capacities (sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep assay) were comparatively evaluated in mouse model. 25702713 2 6 theme ear 729:731 arg1 assay 751:755 xylene-induced mouse ear edema detumescent assay 708:755 xylene-induced mouse ear edema detumescent assay 708:755 Antioxidant activity (reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity), anti-inflammatory (xylene-induced mouse ear edema detumescent assay and carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema detumescent assay), and sedative-hypnotic capacities (sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep assay) were comparatively evaluated in mouse model. 25702713 10 7 theme varieties 2083:2091 arg1 optimization 2060:2071 cultivated optimization 2049:2071 cultivated optimization 2049:2071 It would informatively benefit the genetic selection and cultivated optimization of Lilium varieties to improve nutritional quality, and promote Lilium bulbs as a therapeutic functional food worldwide. 25702713 10 7 theme varieties 2083:2091 arg1 selection 2035:2043 genetic selection 2027:2043 genetic selection 2027:2043 It would informatively benefit the genetic selection and cultivated optimization of Lilium varieties to improve nutritional quality, and promote Lilium bulbs as a therapeutic functional food worldwide. 25702713 1 8 theme different 164:172 arg1 cultivars 174:182 6 different cultivars 162:182 6 different cultivars with different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP) 162:407 Nine Lilium samples (belong to 6 different cultivars with different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP), and the monomeric components were quantified utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) associated with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). 25702713 7 9 theme Lilium 1522:1527 arg1 varieties 1529:1537 Lilium varieties 1522:1537 Lilium varieties of Dongbei and Lanzhou 1522:1560 Lilium varieties of Dongbei and Lanzhou presented potent sedative-hypnotic effect and anti-inflammatory activity. 25702713 7 9 theme Lilium 1522:1527 arg1 Lanzhou 1554:1560 Lanzhou 1554:1560 Lanzhou 1554:1560 Lilium varieties of Dongbei and Lanzhou presented potent sedative-hypnotic effect and anti-inflammatory activity. 25702713 7 9 theme Lilium 1522:1527 arg1 Dongbei 1542:1548 Dongbei 1542:1548 Dongbei 1542:1548 Lilium varieties of Dongbei and Lanzhou presented potent sedative-hypnotic effect and anti-inflammatory activity. 25702713 4 10 theme Lilium 1171:1176 arg1 bulbs 1178:1182 Lilium bulbs 1171:1182 Lilium bulbs in later maturity stage preliminary 1171:1218 Lilium bulbs in later maturity stage preliminary evidenced higher saponins content, and lower phenolic acids and flavonoids content. 25702713 4 11 theme lower 1259:1263 arg1 acids 1274:1278 lower phenolic acids 1259:1278 lower phenolic acids 1259:1278 Lilium bulbs in later maturity stage preliminary evidenced higher saponins content, and lower phenolic acids and flavonoids content. 25702713 0 12 theme varieties 120:128 arg1 capacities 83:92 antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, sedative-hypnotic capacities 33:92 antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, sedative-hypnotic capacities of 6 common edible Lilium varieties 33:128 Role of effective composition on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, sedative-hypnotic capacities of 6 common edible Lilium varieties. 25702713 1 13 theme total 331:335 arg1 TC 352:353 TC 352:353 TC 352:353 Nine Lilium samples (belong to 6 different cultivars with different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP), and the monomeric components were quantified utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) associated with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). 25702713 1 13 theme total 331:335 arg1 carbohydrates 337:349 total carbohydrates 331:349 total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides) 331:371 Nine Lilium samples (belong to 6 different cultivars with different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP), and the monomeric components were quantified utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) associated with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). 25702713 1 14 theme maturity 199:206 arg1 SP 405:406 SP 405:406 SP 405:406 Nine Lilium samples (belong to 6 different cultivars with different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP), and the monomeric components were quantified utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) associated with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). 25702713 1 14 theme maturity 199:206 arg1 stage 208:212 different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP) 189:407 different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP) 189:407 Nine Lilium samples (belong to 6 different cultivars with different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP), and the monomeric components were quantified utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) associated with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). 25702713 9 15 theme first 1821:1825 arg1 description 1858:1868 first study presenting comprehensive description 1821:1868 first study presenting comprehensive description of common edible Lilium bulbs' chemical compositions, sedative-hypnotic, and anti-inflammatory capacities grown in China 1821:1989 This is first study presenting comprehensive description of common edible Lilium bulbs' chemical compositions, sedative-hypnotic, and anti-inflammatory capacities grown in China. 25702713 2 16 theme detumescent 739:749 arg1 assay 751:755 xylene-induced mouse ear edema detumescent assay 708:755 xylene-induced mouse ear edema detumescent assay 708:755 Antioxidant activity (reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity), anti-inflammatory (xylene-induced mouse ear edema detumescent assay and carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema detumescent assay), and sedative-hypnotic capacities (sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep assay) were comparatively evaluated in mouse model. 25702713 9 17 theme presenting 1833:1842 arg1 description 1858:1868 first study presenting comprehensive description 1821:1868 first study presenting comprehensive description of common edible Lilium bulbs' chemical compositions, sedative-hypnotic, and anti-inflammatory capacities grown in China 1821:1989 This is first study presenting comprehensive description of common edible Lilium bulbs' chemical compositions, sedative-hypnotic, and anti-inflammatory capacities grown in China. 25702713 4 18 theme preliminary 1208:1218 arg1 stage 1202:1206 later maturity stage preliminary 1187:1218 later maturity stage preliminary 1187:1218 Lilium bulbs in later maturity stage preliminary evidenced higher saponins content, and lower phenolic acids and flavonoids content. 25702713 10 19 theme Lilium 2137:2142 arg1 bulbs 2144:2148 Lilium bulbs 2137:2148 Lilium bulbs as a therapeutic functional food worldwide 2137:2191 It would informatively benefit the genetic selection and cultivated optimization of Lilium varieties to improve nutritional quality, and promote Lilium bulbs as a therapeutic functional food worldwide. 25702713 4 20 theme higher 1230:1235 arg1 content 1246:1252 higher saponins content 1230:1252 higher saponins content 1230:1252 Lilium bulbs in later maturity stage preliminary evidenced higher saponins content, and lower phenolic acids and flavonoids content. 25702713 10 21 theme food 2178:2181 arg1 worldwide 2183:2191 a therapeutic functional food worldwide 2153:2191 a therapeutic functional food worldwide 2153:2191 It would informatively benefit the genetic selection and cultivated optimization of Lilium varieties to improve nutritional quality, and promote Lilium bulbs as a therapeutic functional food worldwide. 25702713 2 22 theme DPPH 654:657 arg1 activity 678:685 reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity 635:685 activity 678:685 Antioxidant activity (reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity), anti-inflammatory (xylene-induced mouse ear edema detumescent assay and carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema detumescent assay), and sedative-hypnotic capacities (sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep assay) were comparatively evaluated in mouse model. 25702713 1 23 theme Lilium 136:141 arg1 samples 143:149 Nine Lilium samples 131:149 Nine Lilium samples (belong to 6 different cultivars with different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP), 131:408 Nine Lilium samples (belong to 6 different cultivars with different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP), and the monomeric components were quantified utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) associated with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). 25702713 9 24 theme common 1873:1878 arg1 bulbs 1894:1898 common edible Lilium bulbs 1873:1898 common edible Lilium bulbs 1873:1898 This is first study presenting comprehensive description of common edible Lilium bulbs' chemical compositions, sedative-hypnotic, and anti-inflammatory capacities grown in China. 25702713 1 25 with chromatography 489:502 arg1 detector 526:533 photodiode array detector 509:533 photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) associated with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) 509:610 Nine Lilium samples (belong to 6 different cultivars with different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP), and the monomeric components were quantified utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) associated with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). 25702713 1 25 with chromatography 489:502 arg1 HPLC-PAD 536:543 HPLC-PAD 536:543 HPLC-PAD 536:543 Nine Lilium samples (belong to 6 different cultivars with different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP), and the monomeric components were quantified utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) associated with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). 25702713 1 26 theme liquid 562:567 arg1 spectrometry 589:600 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 562:600 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) 562:610 Nine Lilium samples (belong to 6 different cultivars with different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP), and the monomeric components were quantified utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) associated with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). 25702713 1 26 theme liquid 562:567 arg1 HPLC-MS 603:609 HPLC-MS 603:609 HPLC-MS 603:609 Nine Lilium samples (belong to 6 different cultivars with different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP), and the monomeric components were quantified utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) associated with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). 25702713 10 27 theme therapeutic 2155:2165 arg1 worldwide 2183:2191 a therapeutic functional food worldwide 2153:2191 a therapeutic functional food worldwide 2153:2191 It would informatively benefit the genetic selection and cultivated optimization of Lilium varieties to improve nutritional quality, and promote Lilium bulbs as a therapeutic functional food worldwide. 25702713 2 28 theme sleep 880:884 arg1 assay 886:890 sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep assay 851:890 sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep assay 851:890 Antioxidant activity (reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity), anti-inflammatory (xylene-induced mouse ear edema detumescent assay and carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema detumescent assay), and sedative-hypnotic capacities (sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep assay) were comparatively evaluated in mouse model. 25702713 2 28 theme sleep 880:884 arg1 capacities 839:848 sedative-hypnotic capacities 821:848 sedative-hypnotic capacities (sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep assay) 821:891 Antioxidant activity (reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity), anti-inflammatory (xylene-induced mouse ear edema detumescent assay and carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema detumescent assay), and sedative-hypnotic capacities (sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep assay) were comparatively evaluated in mouse model. 25702713 6 29 theme chemical 1482:1489 arg1 composition 1491:1501 chemical composition 1482:1501 chemical composition 1482:1501 Varieties statistically differed (P < 0.05) in chemical composition and bioactivities. 25702713 9 30 theme Lilium 1887:1892 arg1 bulbs 1894:1898 common edible Lilium bulbs 1873:1898 common edible Lilium bulbs 1873:1898 This is first study presenting comprehensive description of common edible Lilium bulbs' chemical compositions, sedative-hypnotic, and anti-inflammatory capacities grown in China. 25702713 4 31 theme maturity 1193:1200 arg1 stage 1202:1206 later maturity stage preliminary 1187:1218 later maturity stage preliminary 1187:1218 Lilium bulbs in later maturity stage preliminary evidenced higher saponins content, and lower phenolic acids and flavonoids content. 25702713 1 32 theme total 310:314 arg1 TS 326:327 TS 326:327 TS 326:327 Nine Lilium samples (belong to 6 different cultivars with different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP), and the monomeric components were quantified utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) associated with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). 25702713 1 32 theme total 310:314 arg1 saponins 316:323 total saponins 310:323 total saponins (TS) 310:328 Nine Lilium samples (belong to 6 different cultivars with different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP), and the monomeric components were quantified utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) associated with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). 25702713 2 33 dep activity 625:632 arg1 activity 678:685 reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity 635:685 activity 678:685 Antioxidant activity (reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity), anti-inflammatory (xylene-induced mouse ear edema detumescent assay and carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema detumescent assay), and sedative-hypnotic capacities (sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep assay) were comparatively evaluated in mouse model. 25702713 2 33 dep activity 625:632 arg1 power 644:648 reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity 635:685 power 644:648 Antioxidant activity (reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity), anti-inflammatory (xylene-induced mouse ear edema detumescent assay and carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema detumescent assay), and sedative-hypnotic capacities (sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep assay) were comparatively evaluated in mouse model. 25702713 0 34 from Role 0:3 arg1 capacities 83:92 antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, sedative-hypnotic capacities 33:92 antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, sedative-hypnotic capacities of 6 common edible Lilium varieties 33:128 Role of effective composition on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, sedative-hypnotic capacities of 6 common edible Lilium varieties. 25702713 2 35 theme Antioxidant 613:623 arg1 activity 625:632 Antioxidant activity 613:632 Antioxidant activity (reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity) 613:686 Antioxidant activity (reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity), anti-inflammatory (xylene-induced mouse ear edema detumescent assay and carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema detumescent assay), and sedative-hypnotic capacities (sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep assay) were comparatively evaluated in mouse model. 25702713 5 36 theme anti-inflammatory 1382:1398 arg1 capacities 1423:1432 distinct antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and sedative-hypnotic capacities 1360:1432 distinct antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and sedative-hypnotic capacities 1360:1432 The result demonstrated that Lilium bulbs generally had distinct antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and sedative-hypnotic capacities. 25702713 0 37 theme edible 106:111 arg1 varieties 120:128 6 common edible Lilium varieties 97:128 6 common edible Lilium varieties 97:128 Role of effective composition on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, sedative-hypnotic capacities of 6 common edible Lilium varieties. 25702713 9 38 theme sedative-hypnotic 1924:1940 arg1 description 1858:1868 first study presenting comprehensive description 1821:1868 first study presenting comprehensive description of common edible Lilium bulbs' chemical compositions, sedative-hypnotic, and anti-inflammatory capacities grown in China 1821:1989 This is first study presenting comprehensive description of common edible Lilium bulbs' chemical compositions, sedative-hypnotic, and anti-inflammatory capacities grown in China. 25702713 1 39 theme photodiode 509:518 arg1 detector 526:533 photodiode array detector 509:533 photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) associated with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) 509:610 Nine Lilium samples (belong to 6 different cultivars with different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP), and the monomeric components were quantified utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) associated with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). 25702713 1 39 theme photodiode 509:518 arg1 HPLC-PAD 536:543 HPLC-PAD 536:543 HPLC-PAD 536:543 Nine Lilium samples (belong to 6 different cultivars with different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP), and the monomeric components were quantified utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) associated with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). 25702713 8 40 theme antioxidant 1640:1650 arg1 related 1665:1671 related 1665:1671 related 1665:1671 The antioxidant capacity was related to the phenolic acids and flavonoids contents, the anti-inflammatory and sedative-hypnotic capacities were related to the saponins content. 25702713 8 40 theme antioxidant 1640:1650 arg1 capacity 1652:1659 The antioxidant capacity 1636:1659 The antioxidant capacity 1636:1659 The antioxidant capacity was related to the phenolic acids and flavonoids contents, the anti-inflammatory and sedative-hypnotic capacities were related to the saponins content. 25702713 1 41 dep samples 143:149 arg1 belong 152:157 belong 152:157 belong to 6 different cultivars with different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP) 152:407 Nine Lilium samples (belong to 6 different cultivars with different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP), and the monomeric components were quantified utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) associated with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). 25702713 0 42 theme effective 8:16 arg1 composition 18:28 effective composition 8:28 effective composition 8:28 Role of effective composition on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, sedative-hypnotic capacities of 6 common edible Lilium varieties. 25702713 3 43 theme effective 1148:1156 arg1 composition 1158:1168 effective composition 1148:1168 effective composition 1148:1168 Additionally, correlation analysis and principal component analysis were carried out to detect clustering and elucidate relationships between components' concentrations and bioactivities to clarify the role of effective composition. 25702713 9 44 theme capacities 1965:1974 arg1 description 1858:1868 first study presenting comprehensive description 1821:1868 first study presenting comprehensive description of common edible Lilium bulbs' chemical compositions, sedative-hypnotic, and anti-inflammatory capacities grown in China 1821:1989 This is first study presenting comprehensive description of common edible Lilium bulbs' chemical compositions, sedative-hypnotic, and anti-inflammatory capacities grown in China. 25702713 5 45 theme antioxidant 1369:1379 arg1 capacities 1423:1432 distinct antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and sedative-hypnotic capacities 1360:1432 distinct antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and sedative-hypnotic capacities 1360:1432 The result demonstrated that Lilium bulbs generally had distinct antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and sedative-hypnotic capacities. 25702713 1 46 theme total 287:291 arg1 flavonoids 293:302 total flavonoids 287:302 total flavonoids (TF) 287:307 Nine Lilium samples (belong to 6 different cultivars with different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP), and the monomeric components were quantified utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) associated with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). 25702713 1 46 theme total 287:291 arg1 TF 305:306 TF 305:306 TF 305:306 Nine Lilium samples (belong to 6 different cultivars with different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP), and the monomeric components were quantified utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) associated with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). 25702713 7 47 theme anti-inflammatory 1608:1624 arg1 activity 1626:1633 anti-inflammatory activity 1608:1633 anti-inflammatory activity 1608:1633 Lilium varieties of Dongbei and Lanzhou presented potent sedative-hypnotic effect and anti-inflammatory activity. 25702713 2 48 dep assay 751:755 arg1 assay 809:813 detumescent assay 797:813 detumescent assay 797:813 Antioxidant activity (reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity), anti-inflammatory (xylene-induced mouse ear edema detumescent assay and carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema detumescent assay), and sedative-hypnotic capacities (sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep assay) were comparatively evaluated in mouse model. 25702713 2 49 theme detumescent 797:807 arg1 assay 809:813 detumescent assay 797:813 detumescent assay 797:813 Antioxidant activity (reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity), anti-inflammatory (xylene-induced mouse ear edema detumescent assay and carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema detumescent assay), and sedative-hypnotic capacities (sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep assay) were comparatively evaluated in mouse model. 25702713 8 50 theme phenolic 1680:1687 arg1 acids 1689:1693 the phenolic acids 1676:1693 the phenolic acids 1676:1693 The antioxidant capacity was related to the phenolic acids and flavonoids contents, the anti-inflammatory and sedative-hypnotic capacities were related to the saponins content. 25702713 10 51 theme genetic 2027:2033 arg1 selection 2035:2043 genetic selection 2027:2043 genetic selection 2027:2043 It would informatively benefit the genetic selection and cultivated optimization of Lilium varieties to improve nutritional quality, and promote Lilium bulbs as a therapeutic functional food worldwide. 25702713 1 52 dep stage 208:212 arg1 contents 395:402 contents 395:402 different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP) 189:407 Nine Lilium samples (belong to 6 different cultivars with different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP), and the monomeric components were quantified utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) associated with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). 25702713 1 52 dep stage 208:212 arg1 analyzed 253:260 analyzed 253:260 were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins 215:393 Nine Lilium samples (belong to 6 different cultivars with different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP), and the monomeric components were quantified utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) associated with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). 25702713 7 53 theme potent 1572:1577 arg1 effect 1597:1602 potent sedative-hypnotic effect 1572:1602 potent sedative-hypnotic effect 1572:1602 Lilium varieties of Dongbei and Lanzhou presented potent sedative-hypnotic effect and anti-inflammatory activity. 25702713 2 54 theme paw 787:789 arg1 edema 791:795 carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema 761:795 carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema 761:795 Antioxidant activity (reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity), anti-inflammatory (xylene-induced mouse ear edema detumescent assay and carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema detumescent assay), and sedative-hypnotic capacities (sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep assay) were comparatively evaluated in mouse model. 25702713 1 55 dep TC 352:353 arg1 polysaccharides 356:370 polysaccharides 356:370 polysaccharides 356:370 Nine Lilium samples (belong to 6 different cultivars with different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP), and the monomeric components were quantified utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) associated with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). 25702713 4 56 dep content 1246:1252 arg1 content 1295:1301 content 1295:1301 content 1295:1301 Lilium bulbs in later maturity stage preliminary evidenced higher saponins content, and lower phenolic acids and flavonoids content. 25702713 7 57 theme Lanzhou 1554:1560 arg1 varieties 1529:1537 Lilium varieties 1522:1537 Lilium varieties of Dongbei and Lanzhou 1522:1560 Lilium varieties of Dongbei and Lanzhou presented potent sedative-hypnotic effect and anti-inflammatory activity. 25702713 7 57 theme Lanzhou 1554:1560 arg1 Lanzhou 1554:1560 Lanzhou 1554:1560 Lanzhou 1554:1560 Lilium varieties of Dongbei and Lanzhou presented potent sedative-hypnotic effect and anti-inflammatory activity. 25702713 7 57 theme Lanzhou 1554:1560 arg1 Dongbei 1542:1548 Dongbei 1542:1548 Dongbei 1542:1548 Lilium varieties of Dongbei and Lanzhou presented potent sedative-hypnotic effect and anti-inflammatory activity. 25702713 3 58 theme principal 977:985 arg1 analysis 997:1004 principal component analysis 977:1004 principal component analysis 977:1004 Additionally, correlation analysis and principal component analysis were carried out to detect clustering and elucidate relationships between components' concentrations and bioactivities to clarify the role of effective composition. 25702713 2 59 theme sedative-hypnotic 821:837 arg1 assay 886:890 sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep assay 851:890 sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep assay 851:890 Antioxidant activity (reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity), anti-inflammatory (xylene-induced mouse ear edema detumescent assay and carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema detumescent assay), and sedative-hypnotic capacities (sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep assay) were comparatively evaluated in mouse model. 25702713 2 59 theme sedative-hypnotic 821:837 arg1 capacities 839:848 sedative-hypnotic capacities 821:848 sedative-hypnotic capacities (sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep assay) 821:891 Antioxidant activity (reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity), anti-inflammatory (xylene-induced mouse ear edema detumescent assay and carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema detumescent assay), and sedative-hypnotic capacities (sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep assay) were comparatively evaluated in mouse model. 25702713 1 60 theme high-performance 465:480 arg1 chromatography 489:502 high-performance liquid chromatography 465:502 high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) associated with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) 465:610 Nine Lilium samples (belong to 6 different cultivars with different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP), and the monomeric components were quantified utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) associated with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). 25702713 7 61 theme Dongbei 1542:1548 arg1 varieties 1529:1537 Lilium varieties 1522:1537 Lilium varieties of Dongbei and Lanzhou 1522:1560 Lilium varieties of Dongbei and Lanzhou presented potent sedative-hypnotic effect and anti-inflammatory activity. 25702713 7 61 theme Dongbei 1542:1548 arg1 Lanzhou 1554:1560 Lanzhou 1554:1560 Lanzhou 1554:1560 Lilium varieties of Dongbei and Lanzhou presented potent sedative-hypnotic effect and anti-inflammatory activity. 25702713 7 61 theme Dongbei 1542:1548 arg1 Dongbei 1542:1548 Dongbei 1542:1548 Dongbei 1542:1548 Lilium varieties of Dongbei and Lanzhou presented potent sedative-hypnotic effect and anti-inflammatory activity. 25702713 1 62 theme soluble 378:384 arg1 proteins 386:393 soluble proteins 378:393 soluble proteins 378:393 Nine Lilium samples (belong to 6 different cultivars with different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP), and the monomeric components were quantified utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) associated with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). 25702713 1 63 theme total 265:269 arg1 TP 282:283 TP 282:283 TP 282:283 Nine Lilium samples (belong to 6 different cultivars with different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP), and the monomeric components were quantified utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) associated with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). 25702713 1 63 theme total 265:269 arg1 phenolics 271:279 total phenolics 265:279 total phenolics (TP) 265:284 Nine Lilium samples (belong to 6 different cultivars with different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP), and the monomeric components were quantified utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) associated with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). 25702713 2 64 theme edema 733:737 arg1 assay 751:755 xylene-induced mouse ear edema detumescent assay 708:755 xylene-induced mouse ear edema detumescent assay 708:755 Antioxidant activity (reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity), anti-inflammatory (xylene-induced mouse ear edema detumescent assay and carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema detumescent assay), and sedative-hypnotic capacities (sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep assay) were comparatively evaluated in mouse model. 25702713 2 65 theme pentobarbital-induced 858:878 arg1 assay 886:890 sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep assay 851:890 sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep assay 851:890 Antioxidant activity (reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity), anti-inflammatory (xylene-induced mouse ear edema detumescent assay and carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema detumescent assay), and sedative-hypnotic capacities (sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep assay) were comparatively evaluated in mouse model. 25702713 2 65 theme pentobarbital-induced 858:878 arg1 capacities 839:848 sedative-hypnotic capacities 821:848 sedative-hypnotic capacities (sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep assay) 821:891 Antioxidant activity (reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity), anti-inflammatory (xylene-induced mouse ear edema detumescent assay and carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema detumescent assay), and sedative-hypnotic capacities (sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep assay) were comparatively evaluated in mouse model. 25702713 4 66 from bulbs 1178:1182 arg1 stage 1202:1206 later maturity stage preliminary 1187:1218 later maturity stage preliminary 1187:1218 Lilium bulbs in later maturity stage preliminary evidenced higher saponins content, and lower phenolic acids and flavonoids content. 25702713 2 67 theme mouse 723:727 arg1 assay 751:755 xylene-induced mouse ear edema detumescent assay 708:755 xylene-induced mouse ear edema detumescent assay 708:755 Antioxidant activity (reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity), anti-inflammatory (xylene-induced mouse ear edema detumescent assay and carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema detumescent assay), and sedative-hypnotic capacities (sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep assay) were comparatively evaluated in mouse model. 25702713 10 68 theme Lilium 2076:2081 arg1 varieties 2083:2091 Lilium varieties 2076:2091 Lilium varieties 2076:2091 It would informatively benefit the genetic selection and cultivated optimization of Lilium varieties to improve nutritional quality, and promote Lilium bulbs as a therapeutic functional food worldwide. 25702713 2 69 theme carrageenan-induced 761:779 arg1 edema 791:795 carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema 761:795 carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema 761:795 Antioxidant activity (reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity), anti-inflammatory (xylene-induced mouse ear edema detumescent assay and carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema detumescent assay), and sedative-hypnotic capacities (sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep assay) were comparatively evaluated in mouse model. 25702713 5 70 contain had 1356:1358 arg2 capacities 1423:1432 distinct antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and sedative-hypnotic capacities 1360:1432 distinct antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and sedative-hypnotic capacities 1360:1432 The result demonstrated that Lilium bulbs generally had distinct antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and sedative-hypnotic capacities. 25702713 5 70 contain had 1356:1358 arg1 bulbs 1340:1344 Lilium bulbs 1333:1344 Lilium bulbs 1333:1344 The result demonstrated that Lilium bulbs generally had distinct antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and sedative-hypnotic capacities. 25702713 1 71 theme different 189:197 arg1 SP 405:406 SP 405:406 SP 405:406 Nine Lilium samples (belong to 6 different cultivars with different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP), and the monomeric components were quantified utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) associated with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). 25702713 1 71 theme different 189:197 arg1 stage 208:212 different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP) 189:407 different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP) 189:407 Nine Lilium samples (belong to 6 different cultivars with different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP), and the monomeric components were quantified utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) associated with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). 25702713 10 72 theme nutritional 2104:2114 arg1 quality 2116:2122 nutritional quality 2104:2122 nutritional quality 2104:2122 It would informatively benefit the genetic selection and cultivated optimization of Lilium varieties to improve nutritional quality, and promote Lilium bulbs as a therapeutic functional food worldwide. 25702713 9 73 theme study 1827:1831 arg1 description 1858:1868 first study presenting comprehensive description 1821:1868 first study presenting comprehensive description of common edible Lilium bulbs' chemical compositions, sedative-hypnotic, and anti-inflammatory capacities grown in China 1821:1989 This is first study presenting comprehensive description of common edible Lilium bulbs' chemical compositions, sedative-hypnotic, and anti-inflammatory capacities grown in China. 25702713 2 74 theme mouse 925:929 arg1 model 931:935 mouse model 925:935 mouse model 925:935 Antioxidant activity (reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity), anti-inflammatory (xylene-induced mouse ear edema detumescent assay and carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema detumescent assay), and sedative-hypnotic capacities (sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep assay) were comparatively evaluated in mouse model. 25702713 9 75 dep bulbs 1894:1898 arg1 compositions 1910:1921 ' chemical compositions 1899:1921 ' chemical compositions 1899:1921 This is first study presenting comprehensive description of common edible Lilium bulbs' chemical compositions, sedative-hypnotic, and anti-inflammatory capacities grown in China. 25702713 9 76 theme comprehensive 1844:1856 arg1 description 1858:1868 first study presenting comprehensive description 1821:1868 first study presenting comprehensive description of common edible Lilium bulbs' chemical compositions, sedative-hypnotic, and anti-inflammatory capacities grown in China 1821:1989 This is first study presenting comprehensive description of common edible Lilium bulbs' chemical compositions, sedative-hypnotic, and anti-inflammatory capacities grown in China. 25702713 2 77 theme radical 659:665 arg1 activity 678:685 reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity 635:685 activity 678:685 Antioxidant activity (reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity), anti-inflammatory (xylene-induced mouse ear edema detumescent assay and carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema detumescent assay), and sedative-hypnotic capacities (sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep assay) were comparatively evaluated in mouse model. 25702713 4 78 theme phenolic 1265:1272 arg1 acids 1274:1278 lower phenolic acids 1259:1278 lower phenolic acids 1259:1278 Lilium bulbs in later maturity stage preliminary evidenced higher saponins content, and lower phenolic acids and flavonoids content. 25702713 4 79 theme later 1187:1191 arg1 stage 1202:1206 later maturity stage preliminary 1187:1218 later maturity stage preliminary 1187:1218 Lilium bulbs in later maturity stage preliminary evidenced higher saponins content, and lower phenolic acids and flavonoids content. 25702713 5 80 theme Lilium 1333:1338 arg1 bulbs 1340:1344 Lilium bulbs 1333:1344 Lilium bulbs 1333:1344 The result demonstrated that Lilium bulbs generally had distinct antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and sedative-hypnotic capacities. 25702713 10 81 theme functional 2167:2176 arg1 worldwide 2183:2191 a therapeutic functional food worldwide 2153:2191 a therapeutic functional food worldwide 2153:2191 It would informatively benefit the genetic selection and cultivated optimization of Lilium varieties to improve nutritional quality, and promote Lilium bulbs as a therapeutic functional food worldwide. 25702713 6 82 theme P 1469:1469 arg1 < 1471:1471 P < 0.05 1469:1476 P < 0.05 1469:1476 Varieties statistically differed (P < 0.05) in chemical composition and bioactivities. 25702713 9 83 theme edible 1880:1885 arg1 bulbs 1894:1898 common edible Lilium bulbs 1873:1898 common edible Lilium bulbs 1873:1898 This is first study presenting comprehensive description of common edible Lilium bulbs' chemical compositions, sedative-hypnotic, and anti-inflammatory capacities grown in China. 25702713 8 84 theme flavonoids 1699:1708 arg1 contents 1710:1717 flavonoids contents 1699:1717 flavonoids contents 1699:1717 The antioxidant capacity was related to the phenolic acids and flavonoids contents, the anti-inflammatory and sedative-hypnotic capacities were related to the saponins content. 25702713 8 84 theme flavonoids 1699:1708 arg1 capacities 1764:1773 the anti-inflammatory and sedative-hypnotic capacities 1720:1773 the anti-inflammatory and sedative-hypnotic capacities 1720:1773 The antioxidant capacity was related to the phenolic acids and flavonoids contents, the anti-inflammatory and sedative-hypnotic capacities were related to the saponins content. 25702713 1 85 theme chromatography-mass 569:587 arg1 spectrometry 589:600 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 562:600 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) 562:610 Nine Lilium samples (belong to 6 different cultivars with different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP), and the monomeric components were quantified utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) associated with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). 25702713 1 85 theme chromatography-mass 569:587 arg1 HPLC-MS 603:609 HPLC-MS 603:609 HPLC-MS 603:609 Nine Lilium samples (belong to 6 different cultivars with different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP), and the monomeric components were quantified utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) associated with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). 25702713 9 86 theme bulbs 1894:1898 arg1 description 1858:1868 first study presenting comprehensive description 1821:1868 first study presenting comprehensive description of common edible Lilium bulbs' chemical compositions, sedative-hypnotic, and anti-inflammatory capacities grown in China 1821:1989 This is first study presenting comprehensive description of common edible Lilium bulbs' chemical compositions, sedative-hypnotic, and anti-inflammatory capacities grown in China. 25702713 0 87 theme common 99:104 arg1 varieties 120:128 6 common edible Lilium varieties 97:128 6 common edible Lilium varieties 97:128 Role of effective composition on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, sedative-hypnotic capacities of 6 common edible Lilium varieties. 25702713 9 88 theme chemical 1901:1908 arg1 compositions 1910:1921 ' chemical compositions 1899:1921 ' chemical compositions 1899:1921 This is first study presenting comprehensive description of common edible Lilium bulbs' chemical compositions, sedative-hypnotic, and anti-inflammatory capacities grown in China. 25702713 1 89 theme liquid 482:487 arg1 chromatography 489:502 high-performance liquid chromatography 465:502 high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) associated with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) 465:610 Nine Lilium samples (belong to 6 different cultivars with different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP), and the monomeric components were quantified utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) associated with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). 25702713 0 90 theme Lilium 113:118 arg1 varieties 120:128 6 common edible Lilium varieties 97:128 6 common edible Lilium varieties 97:128 Role of effective composition on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, sedative-hypnotic capacities of 6 common edible Lilium varieties. 25702713 6 91 dep differed 1459:1466 arg1 < 1471:1471 P < 0.05 1469:1476 P < 0.05 1469:1476 Varieties statistically differed (P < 0.05) in chemical composition and bioactivities. 25702713 2 92 dep anti-inflammatory 689:705 arg1 edema 791:795 carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema 761:795 carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema 761:795 Antioxidant activity (reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity), anti-inflammatory (xylene-induced mouse ear edema detumescent assay and carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema detumescent assay), and sedative-hypnotic capacities (sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep assay) were comparatively evaluated in mouse model. 25702713 2 92 dep anti-inflammatory 689:705 arg1 assay 751:755 xylene-induced mouse ear edema detumescent assay 708:755 xylene-induced mouse ear edema detumescent assay 708:755 Antioxidant activity (reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity), anti-inflammatory (xylene-induced mouse ear edema detumescent assay and carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema detumescent assay), and sedative-hypnotic capacities (sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep assay) were comparatively evaluated in mouse model. 25702713 2 93 theme reducing 635:642 arg1 power 644:648 reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity 635:685 power 644:648 Antioxidant activity (reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity), anti-inflammatory (xylene-induced mouse ear edema detumescent assay and carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema detumescent assay), and sedative-hypnotic capacities (sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep assay) were comparatively evaluated in mouse model. 25702713 1 94 theme array 520:524 arg1 detector 526:533 photodiode array detector 509:533 photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) associated with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) 509:610 Nine Lilium samples (belong to 6 different cultivars with different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP), and the monomeric components were quantified utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) associated with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). 25702713 1 94 theme array 520:524 arg1 HPLC-PAD 536:543 HPLC-PAD 536:543 HPLC-PAD 536:543 Nine Lilium samples (belong to 6 different cultivars with different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP), and the monomeric components were quantified utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) associated with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). 25702713 0 95 theme composition 18:28 arg1 Role 0:3 Role 0:3 Role of effective composition on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, sedative-hypnotic capacities of 6 common edible Lilium varieties. 0:129 Role of effective composition on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, sedative-hypnotic capacities of 6 common edible Lilium varieties. 25702713 9 96 theme anti-inflammatory 1947:1963 arg1 capacities 1965:1974 anti-inflammatory capacities 1947:1974 anti-inflammatory capacities 1947:1974 This is first study presenting comprehensive description of common edible Lilium bulbs' chemical compositions, sedative-hypnotic, and anti-inflammatory capacities grown in China. 25702713 4 97 theme saponins 1237:1244 arg1 content 1246:1252 higher saponins content 1230:1252 higher saponins content 1230:1252 Lilium bulbs in later maturity stage preliminary evidenced higher saponins content, and lower phenolic acids and flavonoids content. 25702713 5 98 theme distinct 1360:1367 arg1 capacities 1423:1432 distinct antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and sedative-hypnotic capacities 1360:1432 distinct antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and sedative-hypnotic capacities 1360:1432 The result demonstrated that Lilium bulbs generally had distinct antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and sedative-hypnotic capacities. 25702713 0 99 theme antioxidant 33:43 arg1 capacities 83:92 antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, sedative-hypnotic capacities 33:92 antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, sedative-hypnotic capacities of 6 common edible Lilium varieties 33:128 Role of effective composition on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, sedative-hypnotic capacities of 6 common edible Lilium varieties. 25702713 1 100 with cultivars 174:182 arg1 SP 405:406 SP 405:406 SP 405:406 Nine Lilium samples (belong to 6 different cultivars with different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP), and the monomeric components were quantified utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) associated with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). 25702713 1 100 with cultivars 174:182 arg1 stage 208:212 different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP) 189:407 different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP) 189:407 Nine Lilium samples (belong to 6 different cultivars with different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP), and the monomeric components were quantified utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) associated with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). 25702713 0 101 dep antioxidant 33:43 arg1 sedative-hypnotic 65:81 sedative-hypnotic 65:81 sedative-hypnotic 65:81 Role of effective composition on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, sedative-hypnotic capacities of 6 common edible Lilium varieties. 25702713 0 101 dep antioxidant 33:43 arg1 anti-inflammatory 46:62 anti-inflammatory 46:62 anti-inflammatory 46:62 Role of effective composition on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, sedative-hypnotic capacities of 6 common edible Lilium varieties. 25702713 1 102 theme monomeric 418:426 arg1 components 428:437 the monomeric components 414:437 the monomeric components 414:437 Nine Lilium samples (belong to 6 different cultivars with different maturity stage) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total saponins (TS), total carbohydrates (TC, polysaccharides), and soluble proteins contents (SP), and the monomeric components were quantified utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) associated with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). 25702713 3 103 theme composition 1158:1168 arg1 role 1140:1143 the role 1136:1143 the role of effective composition 1136:1168 Additionally, correlation analysis and principal component analysis were carried out to detect clustering and elucidate relationships between components' concentrations and bioactivities to clarify the role of effective composition. 25702713 3 104 theme correlation 952:962 arg1 analysis 964:971 correlation analysis 952:971 correlation analysis 952:971 Additionally, correlation analysis and principal component analysis were carried out to detect clustering and elucidate relationships between components' concentrations and bioactivities to clarify the role of effective composition. 25702713 2 105 theme sodium 851:856 arg1 assay 886:890 sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep assay 851:890 sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep assay 851:890 Antioxidant activity (reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity), anti-inflammatory (xylene-induced mouse ear edema detumescent assay and carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema detumescent assay), and sedative-hypnotic capacities (sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep assay) were comparatively evaluated in mouse model. 25702713 2 105 theme sodium 851:856 arg1 capacities 839:848 sedative-hypnotic capacities 821:848 sedative-hypnotic capacities (sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep assay) 821:891 Antioxidant activity (reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity), anti-inflammatory (xylene-induced mouse ear edema detumescent assay and carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema detumescent assay), and sedative-hypnotic capacities (sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep assay) were comparatively evaluated in mouse model. 25702713 5 106 theme sedative-hypnotic 1405:1421 arg1 capacities 1423:1432 distinct antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and sedative-hypnotic capacities 1360:1432 distinct antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and sedative-hypnotic capacities 1360:1432 The result demonstrated that Lilium bulbs generally had distinct antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and sedative-hypnotic capacities. 25702713 7 107 theme sedative-hypnotic 1579:1595 arg1 effect 1597:1602 potent sedative-hypnotic effect 1572:1602 potent sedative-hypnotic effect 1572:1602 Lilium varieties of Dongbei and Lanzhou presented potent sedative-hypnotic effect and anti-inflammatory activity. 25702713 2 108 theme mouse 781:785 arg1 edema 791:795 carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema 761:795 carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema 761:795 Antioxidant activity (reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity), anti-inflammatory (xylene-induced mouse ear edema detumescent assay and carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema detumescent assay), and sedative-hypnotic capacities (sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep assay) were comparatively evaluated in mouse model. 25702713 10 109 dep selection 2035:2043 arg1 the 2023:2025 the 2023:2025 the 2023:2025 It would informatively benefit the genetic selection and cultivated optimization of Lilium varieties to improve nutritional quality, and promote Lilium bulbs as a therapeutic functional food worldwide. 25702713 8 110 theme saponins 1795:1802 arg1 content 1804:1810 the saponins content 1791:1810 the saponins content 1791:1810 The antioxidant capacity was related to the phenolic acids and flavonoids contents, the anti-inflammatory and sedative-hypnotic capacities were related to the saponins content. 29091855 2 0 theme regional 582:589 arg1 FRI 604:606 FRI 604:606 FRI 604:606 The excitation-emission matrix (EEM) with fluorescence regional integration (FRI) was also used to investigate compositional and structural characteristics of DOM. 29091855 2 0 theme regional 582:589 arg1 integration 591:601 fluorescence regional integration 569:601 fluorescence regional integration (FRI) 569:607 The excitation-emission matrix (EEM) with fluorescence regional integration (FRI) was also used to investigate compositional and structural characteristics of DOM. 29091855 3 1 theme highest 695:701 arg1 hydrogen 703:710 hydrogen 703:710 hydrogen 703:710 The highest hydrogen and methane yield of TB pretreated sludge was 12.2 ml/g VS (volatile suspended solid) and 124.7 ml/g VS, and that of APG pretreated sludge was 28.3 ml/g VS and 19.9 ml/g VS. The VS removal of TB pretreated sludge (36.7%) was higher than APG pretreated sludge (27.1%) in the two-stage anaerobic digestion. 29091855 2 2 used used 618:621 arg2 EEM 559:561 EEM 559:561 EEM 559:561 The excitation-emission matrix (EEM) with fluorescence regional integration (FRI) was also used to investigate compositional and structural characteristics of DOM. 29091855 2 2 used used 618:621 arg2 matrix 551:556 The excitation-emission matrix 527:556 The excitation-emission matrix (EEM) with fluorescence regional integration (FRI) 527:607 The excitation-emission matrix (EEM) with fluorescence regional integration (FRI) was also used to investigate compositional and structural characteristics of DOM. 29091855 4 3 theme TB 1207:1208 arg1 pretreatment 1210:1221 TB pretreatment 1207:1221 TB pretreatment 1207:1221 The APG pretreatment could inhibit the activity of methanogens and the substrate (such as volatile fatty acids (VFAs), protein and soluble microbial materials) was accumulated compared with TB pretreatment. 29091855 0 4 theme anaerobic 84:92 arg1 digestion 94:102 two-stage anaerobic digestion 74:102 two-stage anaerobic digestion with waste sludge: Biogas production potential and substrate metabolism process 74:182 Comparison of thermophilic bacteria and alkyl polyglucose pretreatment on two-stage anaerobic digestion with waste sludge: Biogas production potential and substrate metabolism process. 29091855 1 5 from polyglucose 324:334 arg1 digestion 256:264 two-stage anaerobic digestion 236:264 two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) 236:312 To gain a better understanding of the influence on two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) and alkyl polyglucose (APG) pretreatment, changing of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrate and protein in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and dissolved organic matters (DOM) were analyzed. 29091855 0 6 with digestion 94:102 arg1 potential 141:149 waste sludge: Biogas production potential 109:149 waste sludge: Biogas production potential 109:149 Comparison of thermophilic bacteria and alkyl polyglucose pretreatment on two-stage anaerobic digestion with waste sludge: Biogas production potential and substrate metabolism process. 29091855 0 6 with digestion 94:102 arg1 metabolism 165:174 substrate metabolism 155:174 substrate metabolism 155:174 Comparison of thermophilic bacteria and alkyl polyglucose pretreatment on two-stage anaerobic digestion with waste sludge: Biogas production potential and substrate metabolism process. 29091855 1 7 from protein 424:430 arg1 substances 459:468 extracellular polymeric substances 435:468 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 435:474 To gain a better understanding of the influence on two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) and alkyl polyglucose (APG) pretreatment, changing of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrate and protein in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and dissolved organic matters (DOM) were analyzed. 29091855 1 7 from protein 424:430 arg1 DOM 507:509 DOM 507:509 DOM 507:509 To gain a better understanding of the influence on two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) and alkyl polyglucose (APG) pretreatment, changing of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrate and protein in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and dissolved organic matters (DOM) were analyzed. 29091855 1 7 from protein 424:430 arg1 matters 498:504 dissolved organic matters 480:504 dissolved organic matters (DOM) 480:510 To gain a better understanding of the influence on two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) and alkyl polyglucose (APG) pretreatment, changing of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrate and protein in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and dissolved organic matters (DOM) were analyzed. 29091855 1 7 from protein 424:430 arg1 EPS 471:473 EPS 471:473 EPS 471:473 To gain a better understanding of the influence on two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) and alkyl polyglucose (APG) pretreatment, changing of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrate and protein in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and dissolved organic matters (DOM) were analyzed. 29091855 1 8 theme waste 269:273 arg1 sludge 275:280 waste sludge 269:280 waste sludge 269:280 To gain a better understanding of the influence on two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) and alkyl polyglucose (APG) pretreatment, changing of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrate and protein in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and dissolved organic matters (DOM) were analyzed. 29091855 0 9 theme waste 109:113 arg1 potential 141:149 waste sludge: Biogas production potential 109:149 waste sludge: Biogas production potential 109:149 Comparison of thermophilic bacteria and alkyl polyglucose pretreatment on two-stage anaerobic digestion with waste sludge: Biogas production potential and substrate metabolism process. 29091855 3 10 theme APG 829:831 arg1 sludge 844:849 APG pretreated sludge 829:849 APG pretreated sludge 829:849 The highest hydrogen and methane yield of TB pretreated sludge was 12.2 ml/g VS (volatile suspended solid) and 124.7 ml/g VS, and that of APG pretreated sludge was 28.3 ml/g VS and 19.9 ml/g VS. The VS removal of TB pretreated sludge (36.7%) was higher than APG pretreated sludge (27.1%) in the two-stage anaerobic digestion. 29091855 1 11 theme sludge 275:280 arg1 digestion 256:264 two-stage anaerobic digestion 236:264 two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) 236:312 To gain a better understanding of the influence on two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) and alkyl polyglucose (APG) pretreatment, changing of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrate and protein in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and dissolved organic matters (DOM) were analyzed. 29091855 0 12 from pretreatment 58:69 arg1 digestion 94:102 two-stage anaerobic digestion 74:102 two-stage anaerobic digestion with waste sludge: Biogas production potential and substrate metabolism process 74:182 Comparison of thermophilic bacteria and alkyl polyglucose pretreatment on two-stage anaerobic digestion with waste sludge: Biogas production potential and substrate metabolism process. 29091855 2 13 theme DOM 686:688 arg1 characteristics 667:681 compositional and structural characteristics 638:681 compositional and structural characteristics of DOM 638:688 The excitation-emission matrix (EEM) with fluorescence regional integration (FRI) was also used to investigate compositional and structural characteristics of DOM. 29091855 3 14 theme anaerobic 996:1004 arg1 digestion 1006:1014 the two-stage anaerobic digestion 982:1014 the two-stage anaerobic digestion 982:1014 The highest hydrogen and methane yield of TB pretreated sludge was 12.2 ml/g VS (volatile suspended solid) and 124.7 ml/g VS, and that of APG pretreated sludge was 28.3 ml/g VS and 19.9 ml/g VS. The VS removal of TB pretreated sludge (36.7%) was higher than APG pretreated sludge (27.1%) in the two-stage anaerobic digestion. 29091855 1 15 theme extracellular 435:447 arg1 substances 459:468 extracellular polymeric substances 435:468 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 435:474 To gain a better understanding of the influence on two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) and alkyl polyglucose (APG) pretreatment, changing of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrate and protein in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and dissolved organic matters (DOM) were analyzed. 29091855 1 15 theme extracellular 435:447 arg1 EPS 471:473 EPS 471:473 EPS 471:473 To gain a better understanding of the influence on two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) and alkyl polyglucose (APG) pretreatment, changing of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrate and protein in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and dissolved organic matters (DOM) were analyzed. 29091855 3 16 theme pretreated 907:916 arg1 sludge 918:923 TB pretreated sludge 904:923 TB pretreated sludge 904:923 The highest hydrogen and methane yield of TB pretreated sludge was 12.2 ml/g VS (volatile suspended solid) and 124.7 ml/g VS, and that of APG pretreated sludge was 28.3 ml/g VS and 19.9 ml/g VS. The VS removal of TB pretreated sludge (36.7%) was higher than APG pretreated sludge (27.1%) in the two-stage anaerobic digestion. 29091855 0 17 theme sludge 115:120 arg1 potential 141:149 waste sludge: Biogas production potential 109:149 waste sludge: Biogas production potential 109:149 Comparison of thermophilic bacteria and alkyl polyglucose pretreatment on two-stage anaerobic digestion with waste sludge: Biogas production potential and substrate metabolism process. 29091855 3 18 dep 12.2 ml/g 758:766 arg1 solid 791:795 solid 791:795 solid 791:795 The highest hydrogen and methane yield of TB pretreated sludge was 12.2 ml/g VS (volatile suspended solid) and 124.7 ml/g VS, and that of APG pretreated sludge was 28.3 ml/g VS and 19.9 ml/g VS. The VS removal of TB pretreated sludge (36.7%) was higher than APG pretreated sludge (27.1%) in the two-stage anaerobic digestion. 29091855 1 19 theme polymeric 449:457 arg1 substances 459:468 extracellular polymeric substances 435:468 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 435:474 To gain a better understanding of the influence on two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) and alkyl polyglucose (APG) pretreatment, changing of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrate and protein in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and dissolved organic matters (DOM) were analyzed. 29091855 1 19 theme polymeric 449:457 arg1 EPS 471:473 EPS 471:473 EPS 471:473 To gain a better understanding of the influence on two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) and alkyl polyglucose (APG) pretreatment, changing of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrate and protein in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and dissolved organic matters (DOM) were analyzed. 29091855 3 20 theme sludge 747:752 arg1 hydrogen 703:710 hydrogen 703:710 hydrogen 703:710 The highest hydrogen and methane yield of TB pretreated sludge was 12.2 ml/g VS (volatile suspended solid) and 124.7 ml/g VS, and that of APG pretreated sludge was 28.3 ml/g VS and 19.9 ml/g VS. The VS removal of TB pretreated sludge (36.7%) was higher than APG pretreated sludge (27.1%) in the two-stage anaerobic digestion. 29091855 3 20 theme sludge 747:752 arg1 yield 724:728 methane yield 716:728 methane yield 716:728 The highest hydrogen and methane yield of TB pretreated sludge was 12.2 ml/g VS (volatile suspended solid) and 124.7 ml/g VS, and that of APG pretreated sludge was 28.3 ml/g VS and 19.9 ml/g VS. The VS removal of TB pretreated sludge (36.7%) was higher than APG pretreated sludge (27.1%) in the two-stage anaerobic digestion. 29091855 1 21 from understanding 202:214 arg1 digestion 256:264 two-stage anaerobic digestion 236:264 two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) 236:312 To gain a better understanding of the influence on two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) and alkyl polyglucose (APG) pretreatment, changing of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrate and protein in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and dissolved organic matters (DOM) were analyzed. 29091855 1 22 theme soluble 368:374 arg1 demand 392:397 soluble chemical oxygen demand 368:397 soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) 368:404 To gain a better understanding of the influence on two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) and alkyl polyglucose (APG) pretreatment, changing of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrate and protein in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and dissolved organic matters (DOM) were analyzed. 29091855 1 22 theme soluble 368:374 arg1 SCOD 400:403 SCOD 400:403 SCOD 400:403 To gain a better understanding of the influence on two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) and alkyl polyglucose (APG) pretreatment, changing of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrate and protein in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and dissolved organic matters (DOM) were analyzed. 29091855 4 23 theme volatile 1107:1114 arg1 acids 1122:1126 volatile fatty acids 1107:1126 volatile fatty acids (VFAs) 1107:1133 The APG pretreatment could inhibit the activity of methanogens and the substrate (such as volatile fatty acids (VFAs), protein and soluble microbial materials) was accumulated compared with TB pretreatment. 29091855 4 23 theme volatile 1107:1114 arg1 VFAs 1129:1132 VFAs 1129:1132 VFAs 1129:1132 The APG pretreatment could inhibit the activity of methanogens and the substrate (such as volatile fatty acids (VFAs), protein and soluble microbial materials) was accumulated compared with TB pretreatment. 29091855 1 24 from digestion 256:264 arg1 understanding 202:214 a better understanding 193:214 a better understanding 193:214 To gain a better understanding of the influence on two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) and alkyl polyglucose (APG) pretreatment, changing of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrate and protein in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and dissolved organic matters (DOM) were analyzed. 29091855 1 25 theme thermophilic 287:298 arg1 TB 310:311 TB 310:311 TB 310:311 To gain a better understanding of the influence on two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) and alkyl polyglucose (APG) pretreatment, changing of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrate and protein in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and dissolved organic matters (DOM) were analyzed. 29091855 1 25 theme thermophilic 287:298 arg1 bacteria 300:307 thermophilic bacteria 287:307 thermophilic bacteria (TB) 287:312 To gain a better understanding of the influence on two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) and alkyl polyglucose (APG) pretreatment, changing of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrate and protein in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and dissolved organic matters (DOM) were analyzed. 29091855 3 26 theme two-stage 986:994 arg1 digestion 1006:1014 the two-stage anaerobic digestion 982:1014 the two-stage anaerobic digestion 982:1014 The highest hydrogen and methane yield of TB pretreated sludge was 12.2 ml/g VS (volatile suspended solid) and 124.7 ml/g VS, and that of APG pretreated sludge was 28.3 ml/g VS and 19.9 ml/g VS. The VS removal of TB pretreated sludge (36.7%) was higher than APG pretreated sludge (27.1%) in the two-stage anaerobic digestion. 29091855 2 27 theme compositional 638:650 arg1 characteristics 667:681 compositional and structural characteristics 638:681 compositional and structural characteristics of DOM 638:688 The excitation-emission matrix (EEM) with fluorescence regional integration (FRI) was also used to investigate compositional and structural characteristics of DOM. 29091855 1 28 theme better 195:200 arg1 understanding 202:214 a better understanding 193:214 a better understanding 193:214 To gain a better understanding of the influence on two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) and alkyl polyglucose (APG) pretreatment, changing of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrate and protein in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and dissolved organic matters (DOM) were analyzed. 29091855 0 29 theme bacteria 27:34 arg1 Comparison 0:9 Comparison 0:9 Comparison of thermophilic bacteria 0:34 Comparison of thermophilic bacteria and alkyl polyglucose pretreatment on two-stage anaerobic digestion with waste sludge: Biogas production potential and substrate metabolism process. 29091855 0 29 theme bacteria 27:34 arg1 polyglucose 46:56 alkyl polyglucose 40:56 alkyl polyglucose 40:56 Comparison of thermophilic bacteria and alkyl polyglucose pretreatment on two-stage anaerobic digestion with waste sludge: Biogas production potential and substrate metabolism process. 29091855 3 30 theme TB 733:734 arg1 sludge 747:752 TB pretreated sludge 733:752 TB pretreated sludge 733:752 The highest hydrogen and methane yield of TB pretreated sludge was 12.2 ml/g VS (volatile suspended solid) and 124.7 ml/g VS, and that of APG pretreated sludge was 28.3 ml/g VS and 19.9 ml/g VS. The VS removal of TB pretreated sludge (36.7%) was higher than APG pretreated sludge (27.1%) in the two-stage anaerobic digestion. 29091855 0 31 theme production 130:139 arg1 potential 141:149 waste sludge: Biogas production potential 109:149 waste sludge: Biogas production potential 109:149 Comparison of thermophilic bacteria and alkyl polyglucose pretreatment on two-stage anaerobic digestion with waste sludge: Biogas production potential and substrate metabolism process. 29091855 3 32 theme pretreated 953:962 arg1 sludge 964:969 APG pretreated sludge 949:969 APG pretreated sludge (27.1%) 949:977 The highest hydrogen and methane yield of TB pretreated sludge was 12.2 ml/g VS (volatile suspended solid) and 124.7 ml/g VS, and that of APG pretreated sludge was 28.3 ml/g VS and 19.9 ml/g VS. The VS removal of TB pretreated sludge (36.7%) was higher than APG pretreated sludge (27.1%) in the two-stage anaerobic digestion. 29091855 3 32 theme pretreated 953:962 arg1 % 976:976 27.1% 972:976 27.1% 972:976 The highest hydrogen and methane yield of TB pretreated sludge was 12.2 ml/g VS (volatile suspended solid) and 124.7 ml/g VS, and that of APG pretreated sludge was 28.3 ml/g VS and 19.9 ml/g VS. The VS removal of TB pretreated sludge (36.7%) was higher than APG pretreated sludge (27.1%) in the two-stage anaerobic digestion. 29091855 0 33 theme thermophilic 14:25 arg1 bacteria 27:34 thermophilic bacteria 14:34 thermophilic bacteria 14:34 Comparison of thermophilic bacteria and alkyl polyglucose pretreatment on two-stage anaerobic digestion with waste sludge: Biogas production potential and substrate metabolism process. 29091855 3 34 theme methane 716:722 arg1 yield 724:728 methane yield 716:728 methane yield 716:728 The highest hydrogen and methane yield of TB pretreated sludge was 12.2 ml/g VS (volatile suspended solid) and 124.7 ml/g VS, and that of APG pretreated sludge was 28.3 ml/g VS and 19.9 ml/g VS. The VS removal of TB pretreated sludge (36.7%) was higher than APG pretreated sludge (27.1%) in the two-stage anaerobic digestion. 29091855 0 35 theme Biogas 123:128 arg1 potential 141:149 waste sludge: Biogas production potential 109:149 waste sludge: Biogas production potential 109:149 Comparison of thermophilic bacteria and alkyl polyglucose pretreatment on two-stage anaerobic digestion with waste sludge: Biogas production potential and substrate metabolism process. 29091855 1 36 theme chemical 376:383 arg1 demand 392:397 soluble chemical oxygen demand 368:397 soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) 368:404 To gain a better understanding of the influence on two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) and alkyl polyglucose (APG) pretreatment, changing of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrate and protein in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and dissolved organic matters (DOM) were analyzed. 29091855 1 36 theme chemical 376:383 arg1 SCOD 400:403 SCOD 400:403 SCOD 400:403 To gain a better understanding of the influence on two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) and alkyl polyglucose (APG) pretreatment, changing of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrate and protein in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and dissolved organic matters (DOM) were analyzed. 29091855 4 37 dep substrate 1088:1096 arg1 such 1099:1102 such 1099:1102 such 1099:1102 The APG pretreatment could inhibit the activity of methanogens and the substrate (such as volatile fatty acids (VFAs), protein and soluble microbial materials) was accumulated compared with TB pretreatment. 29091855 3 38 dep hydrogen 703:710 arg1 The 691:693 The 691:693 The 691:693 The highest hydrogen and methane yield of TB pretreated sludge was 12.2 ml/g VS (volatile suspended solid) and 124.7 ml/g VS, and that of APG pretreated sludge was 28.3 ml/g VS and 19.9 ml/g VS. The VS removal of TB pretreated sludge (36.7%) was higher than APG pretreated sludge (27.1%) in the two-stage anaerobic digestion. 29091855 0 39 theme alkyl 40:44 arg1 polyglucose 46:56 alkyl polyglucose 40:56 alkyl polyglucose 40:56 Comparison of thermophilic bacteria and alkyl polyglucose pretreatment on two-stage anaerobic digestion with waste sludge: Biogas production potential and substrate metabolism process. 29091855 4 40 theme fatty 1116:1120 arg1 acids 1122:1126 volatile fatty acids 1107:1126 volatile fatty acids (VFAs) 1107:1133 The APG pretreatment could inhibit the activity of methanogens and the substrate (such as volatile fatty acids (VFAs), protein and soluble microbial materials) was accumulated compared with TB pretreatment. 29091855 4 40 theme fatty 1116:1120 arg1 VFAs 1129:1132 VFAs 1129:1132 VFAs 1129:1132 The APG pretreatment could inhibit the activity of methanogens and the substrate (such as volatile fatty acids (VFAs), protein and soluble microbial materials) was accumulated compared with TB pretreatment. 29091855 1 41 theme oxygen 385:390 arg1 demand 392:397 soluble chemical oxygen demand 368:397 soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) 368:404 To gain a better understanding of the influence on two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) and alkyl polyglucose (APG) pretreatment, changing of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrate and protein in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and dissolved organic matters (DOM) were analyzed. 29091855 1 41 theme oxygen 385:390 arg1 SCOD 400:403 SCOD 400:403 SCOD 400:403 To gain a better understanding of the influence on two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) and alkyl polyglucose (APG) pretreatment, changing of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrate and protein in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and dissolved organic matters (DOM) were analyzed. 29091855 4 42 theme APG 1021:1023 arg1 pretreatment 1025:1036 The APG pretreatment 1017:1036 The APG pretreatment 1017:1036 The APG pretreatment could inhibit the activity of methanogens and the substrate (such as volatile fatty acids (VFAs), protein and soluble microbial materials) was accumulated compared with TB pretreatment. 29091855 2 43 theme fluorescence 569:580 arg1 FRI 604:606 FRI 604:606 FRI 604:606 The excitation-emission matrix (EEM) with fluorescence regional integration (FRI) was also used to investigate compositional and structural characteristics of DOM. 29091855 2 43 theme fluorescence 569:580 arg1 integration 591:601 fluorescence regional integration 569:601 fluorescence regional integration (FRI) 569:607 The excitation-emission matrix (EEM) with fluorescence regional integration (FRI) was also used to investigate compositional and structural characteristics of DOM. 29091855 3 44 theme pretreated 833:842 arg1 sludge 844:849 APG pretreated sludge 829:849 APG pretreated sludge 829:849 The highest hydrogen and methane yield of TB pretreated sludge was 12.2 ml/g VS (volatile suspended solid) and 124.7 ml/g VS, and that of APG pretreated sludge was 28.3 ml/g VS and 19.9 ml/g VS. The VS removal of TB pretreated sludge (36.7%) was higher than APG pretreated sludge (27.1%) in the two-stage anaerobic digestion. 29091855 3 45 theme pretreated 736:745 arg1 sludge 747:752 TB pretreated sludge 733:752 TB pretreated sludge 733:752 The highest hydrogen and methane yield of TB pretreated sludge was 12.2 ml/g VS (volatile suspended solid) and 124.7 ml/g VS, and that of APG pretreated sludge was 28.3 ml/g VS and 19.9 ml/g VS. The VS removal of TB pretreated sludge (36.7%) was higher than APG pretreated sludge (27.1%) in the two-stage anaerobic digestion. 29091855 3 46 theme TB 904:905 arg1 sludge 918:923 TB pretreated sludge 904:923 TB pretreated sludge 904:923 The highest hydrogen and methane yield of TB pretreated sludge was 12.2 ml/g VS (volatile suspended solid) and 124.7 ml/g VS, and that of APG pretreated sludge was 28.3 ml/g VS and 19.9 ml/g VS. The VS removal of TB pretreated sludge (36.7%) was higher than APG pretreated sludge (27.1%) in the two-stage anaerobic digestion. 29091855 1 47 theme influence 223:231 arg1 understanding 202:214 a better understanding 193:214 a better understanding 193:214 To gain a better understanding of the influence on two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) and alkyl polyglucose (APG) pretreatment, changing of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrate and protein in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and dissolved organic matters (DOM) were analyzed. 29091855 1 48 from influence 223:231 arg1 digestion 256:264 two-stage anaerobic digestion 236:264 two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) 236:312 To gain a better understanding of the influence on two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) and alkyl polyglucose (APG) pretreatment, changing of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrate and protein in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and dissolved organic matters (DOM) were analyzed. 29091855 1 49 theme alkyl 318:322 arg1 APG 337:339 APG 337:339 APG 337:339 To gain a better understanding of the influence on two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) and alkyl polyglucose (APG) pretreatment, changing of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrate and protein in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and dissolved organic matters (DOM) were analyzed. 29091855 1 49 theme alkyl 318:322 arg1 polyglucose 324:334 alkyl polyglucose 318:334 alkyl polyglucose (APG) 318:340 To gain a better understanding of the influence on two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) and alkyl polyglucose (APG) pretreatment, changing of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrate and protein in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and dissolved organic matters (DOM) were analyzed. 29091855 0 50 theme substrate 155:163 arg1 metabolism 165:174 substrate metabolism 155:174 substrate metabolism 155:174 Comparison of thermophilic bacteria and alkyl polyglucose pretreatment on two-stage anaerobic digestion with waste sludge: Biogas production potential and substrate metabolism process. 29091855 4 51 theme soluble 1148:1154 arg1 materials 1166:1174 soluble microbial materials 1148:1174 soluble microbial materials 1148:1174 The APG pretreatment could inhibit the activity of methanogens and the substrate (such as volatile fatty acids (VFAs), protein and soluble microbial materials) was accumulated compared with TB pretreatment. 29091855 1 52 theme dissolved 480:488 arg1 DOM 507:509 DOM 507:509 DOM 507:509 To gain a better understanding of the influence on two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) and alkyl polyglucose (APG) pretreatment, changing of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrate and protein in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and dissolved organic matters (DOM) were analyzed. 29091855 1 52 theme dissolved 480:488 arg1 matters 498:504 dissolved organic matters 480:504 dissolved organic matters (DOM) 480:510 To gain a better understanding of the influence on two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) and alkyl polyglucose (APG) pretreatment, changing of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrate and protein in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and dissolved organic matters (DOM) were analyzed. 29091855 1 53 theme polyglucose 324:334 arg1 understanding 202:214 a better understanding 193:214 a better understanding 193:214 To gain a better understanding of the influence on two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) and alkyl polyglucose (APG) pretreatment, changing of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrate and protein in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and dissolved organic matters (DOM) were analyzed. 29091855 2 54 theme structural 656:665 arg1 characteristics 667:681 compositional and structural characteristics 638:681 compositional and structural characteristics of DOM 638:688 The excitation-emission matrix (EEM) with fluorescence regional integration (FRI) was also used to investigate compositional and structural characteristics of DOM. 29091855 1 55 theme organic 490:496 arg1 DOM 507:509 DOM 507:509 DOM 507:509 To gain a better understanding of the influence on two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) and alkyl polyglucose (APG) pretreatment, changing of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrate and protein in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and dissolved organic matters (DOM) were analyzed. 29091855 1 55 theme organic 490:496 arg1 matters 498:504 dissolved organic matters 480:504 dissolved organic matters (DOM) 480:510 To gain a better understanding of the influence on two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) and alkyl polyglucose (APG) pretreatment, changing of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrate and protein in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and dissolved organic matters (DOM) were analyzed. 29091855 2 56 theme excitation-emission 531:549 arg1 matrix 551:556 The excitation-emission matrix 527:556 The excitation-emission matrix (EEM) with fluorescence regional integration (FRI) 527:607 The excitation-emission matrix (EEM) with fluorescence regional integration (FRI) was also used to investigate compositional and structural characteristics of DOM. 29091855 2 56 theme excitation-emission 531:549 arg1 EEM 559:561 EEM 559:561 EEM 559:561 The excitation-emission matrix (EEM) with fluorescence regional integration (FRI) was also used to investigate compositional and structural characteristics of DOM. 29091855 1 57 dep influence 223:231 arg1 pretreatment 342:353 pretreatment 342:353 pretreatment 342:353 To gain a better understanding of the influence on two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) and alkyl polyglucose (APG) pretreatment, changing of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrate and protein in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and dissolved organic matters (DOM) were analyzed. 29091855 4 58 theme methanogens 1068:1078 arg1 activity 1056:1063 the activity 1052:1063 the activity of methanogens 1052:1078 The APG pretreatment could inhibit the activity of methanogens and the substrate (such as volatile fatty acids (VFAs), protein and soluble microbial materials) was accumulated compared with TB pretreatment. 29091855 3 59 dep higher 937:942 arg1 28.3 ml/g 855:863 28.3 ml/g 855:863 28.3 ml/g 855:863 The highest hydrogen and methane yield of TB pretreated sludge was 12.2 ml/g VS (volatile suspended solid) and 124.7 ml/g VS, and that of APG pretreated sludge was 28.3 ml/g VS and 19.9 ml/g VS. The VS removal of TB pretreated sludge (36.7%) was higher than APG pretreated sludge (27.1%) in the two-stage anaerobic digestion. 29091855 3 59 dep higher 937:942 arg1 19.9 ml/g 872:880 19.9 ml/g 872:880 19.9 ml/g 872:880 The highest hydrogen and methane yield of TB pretreated sludge was 12.2 ml/g VS (volatile suspended solid) and 124.7 ml/g VS, and that of APG pretreated sludge was 28.3 ml/g VS and 19.9 ml/g VS. The VS removal of TB pretreated sludge (36.7%) was higher than APG pretreated sludge (27.1%) in the two-stage anaerobic digestion. 29091855 3 59 dep higher 937:942 arg1 % 930:930 36.7% 926:930 36.7% 926:930 The highest hydrogen and methane yield of TB pretreated sludge was 12.2 ml/g VS (volatile suspended solid) and 124.7 ml/g VS, and that of APG pretreated sludge was 28.3 ml/g VS and 19.9 ml/g VS. The VS removal of TB pretreated sludge (36.7%) was higher than APG pretreated sludge (27.1%) in the two-stage anaerobic digestion. 29091855 1 60 theme two-stage 236:244 arg1 digestion 256:264 two-stage anaerobic digestion 236:264 two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) 236:312 To gain a better understanding of the influence on two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) and alkyl polyglucose (APG) pretreatment, changing of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrate and protein in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and dissolved organic matters (DOM) were analyzed. 29091855 0 61 theme two-stage 74:82 arg1 digestion 94:102 two-stage anaerobic digestion 74:102 two-stage anaerobic digestion with waste sludge: Biogas production potential and substrate metabolism process 74:182 Comparison of thermophilic bacteria and alkyl polyglucose pretreatment on two-stage anaerobic digestion with waste sludge: Biogas production potential and substrate metabolism process. 29091855 4 62 theme microbial 1156:1164 arg1 materials 1166:1174 soluble microbial materials 1148:1174 soluble microbial materials 1148:1174 The APG pretreatment could inhibit the activity of methanogens and the substrate (such as volatile fatty acids (VFAs), protein and soluble microbial materials) was accumulated compared with TB pretreatment. 29091855 1 63 with digestion 256:264 arg1 TB 310:311 TB 310:311 TB 310:311 To gain a better understanding of the influence on two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) and alkyl polyglucose (APG) pretreatment, changing of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrate and protein in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and dissolved organic matters (DOM) were analyzed. 29091855 1 63 with digestion 256:264 arg1 bacteria 300:307 thermophilic bacteria 287:307 thermophilic bacteria (TB) 287:312 To gain a better understanding of the influence on two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) and alkyl polyglucose (APG) pretreatment, changing of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrate and protein in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and dissolved organic matters (DOM) were analyzed. 29091855 3 64 theme APG 949:951 arg1 sludge 964:969 APG pretreated sludge 949:969 APG pretreated sludge (27.1%) 949:977 The highest hydrogen and methane yield of TB pretreated sludge was 12.2 ml/g VS (volatile suspended solid) and 124.7 ml/g VS, and that of APG pretreated sludge was 28.3 ml/g VS and 19.9 ml/g VS. The VS removal of TB pretreated sludge (36.7%) was higher than APG pretreated sludge (27.1%) in the two-stage anaerobic digestion. 29091855 3 64 theme APG 949:951 arg1 % 976:976 27.1% 972:976 27.1% 972:976 The highest hydrogen and methane yield of TB pretreated sludge was 12.2 ml/g VS (volatile suspended solid) and 124.7 ml/g VS, and that of APG pretreated sludge was 28.3 ml/g VS and 19.9 ml/g VS. The VS removal of TB pretreated sludge (36.7%) was higher than APG pretreated sludge (27.1%) in the two-stage anaerobic digestion. 29091855 1 65 theme anaerobic 246:254 arg1 digestion 256:264 two-stage anaerobic digestion 236:264 two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) 236:312 To gain a better understanding of the influence on two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) and alkyl polyglucose (APG) pretreatment, changing of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrate and protein in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and dissolved organic matters (DOM) were analyzed. 29091855 1 66 from carbohydrate 407:418 arg1 substances 459:468 extracellular polymeric substances 435:468 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 435:474 To gain a better understanding of the influence on two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) and alkyl polyglucose (APG) pretreatment, changing of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrate and protein in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and dissolved organic matters (DOM) were analyzed. 29091855 1 66 from carbohydrate 407:418 arg1 DOM 507:509 DOM 507:509 DOM 507:509 To gain a better understanding of the influence on two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) and alkyl polyglucose (APG) pretreatment, changing of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrate and protein in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and dissolved organic matters (DOM) were analyzed. 29091855 1 66 from carbohydrate 407:418 arg1 matters 498:504 dissolved organic matters 480:504 dissolved organic matters (DOM) 480:510 To gain a better understanding of the influence on two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) and alkyl polyglucose (APG) pretreatment, changing of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrate and protein in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and dissolved organic matters (DOM) were analyzed. 29091855 1 66 from carbohydrate 407:418 arg1 EPS 471:473 EPS 471:473 EPS 471:473 To gain a better understanding of the influence on two-stage anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with thermophilic bacteria (TB) and alkyl polyglucose (APG) pretreatment, changing of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrate and protein in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and dissolved organic matters (DOM) were analyzed. 29091855 3 67 theme sludge 918:923 arg1 removal 893:899 removal 893:899 removal of TB pretreated sludge 893:923 The highest hydrogen and methane yield of TB pretreated sludge was 12.2 ml/g VS (volatile suspended solid) and 124.7 ml/g VS, and that of APG pretreated sludge was 28.3 ml/g VS and 19.9 ml/g VS. The VS removal of TB pretreated sludge (36.7%) was higher than APG pretreated sludge (27.1%) in the two-stage anaerobic digestion. 29091855 0 68 dep potential 141:149 arg1 process 176:182 process 176:182 process 176:182 Comparison of thermophilic bacteria and alkyl polyglucose pretreatment on two-stage anaerobic digestion with waste sludge: Biogas production potential and substrate metabolism process. 29091855 2 69 with matrix 551:556 arg1 FRI 604:606 FRI 604:606 FRI 604:606 The excitation-emission matrix (EEM) with fluorescence regional integration (FRI) was also used to investigate compositional and structural characteristics of DOM. 29091855 2 69 with matrix 551:556 arg1 integration 591:601 fluorescence regional integration 569:601 fluorescence regional integration (FRI) 569:607 The excitation-emission matrix (EEM) with fluorescence regional integration (FRI) was also used to investigate compositional and structural characteristics of DOM. 24299821 7 0 theme remarkable 1178:1187 arg1 improvement 1189:1199 remarkable improvement 1178:1199 remarkable improvement in modulus and tensile strength 1178:1231 Compared with the unfilled PVA, the PVA/MCC composites exhibited remarkable improvement in modulus and tensile strength. 24299821 4 1 theme mechanical 830:839 arg1 analysis 841:848 dynamic mechanical analysis 822:848 dynamic mechanical analysis 822:848 The microstructure and mechanical properties of the melt-processed PVA/MCC composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, Raman spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis. 24299821 4 1 theme mechanical 830:839 arg1 spectra 696:702 infrared spectra 687:702 infrared spectra 687:702 The microstructure and mechanical properties of the melt-processed PVA/MCC composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, Raman spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis. 24299821 4 2 theme differential 720:731 arg1 calorimetry 742:752 differential scanning calorimetry 720:752 differential scanning calorimetry 720:752 The microstructure and mechanical properties of the melt-processed PVA/MCC composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, Raman spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis. 24299821 4 2 theme differential 720:731 arg1 spectra 696:702 infrared spectra 687:702 infrared spectra 687:702 The microstructure and mechanical properties of the melt-processed PVA/MCC composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, Raman spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis. 24299821 4 3 theme dynamic 822:828 arg1 analysis 841:848 dynamic mechanical analysis 822:848 dynamic mechanical analysis 822:848 The microstructure and mechanical properties of the melt-processed PVA/MCC composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, Raman spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis. 24299821 4 3 theme dynamic 822:828 arg1 spectra 696:702 infrared spectra 687:702 infrared spectra 687:702 The microstructure and mechanical properties of the melt-processed PVA/MCC composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, Raman spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis. 24299821 4 4 theme composites 636:645 arg1 microstructure 565:578 microstructure 565:578 microstructure 565:578 The microstructure and mechanical properties of the melt-processed PVA/MCC composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, Raman spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis. 24299821 4 4 theme composites 636:645 arg1 properties 595:604 mechanical properties 584:604 mechanical properties 584:604 The microstructure and mechanical properties of the melt-processed PVA/MCC composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, Raman spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis. 24299821 1 5 theme serious 218:224 arg1 problem 235:241 serious disposal problem 218:241 serious disposal problem 218:241 Waste cotton fabrics (WCFs), which are generated in a large volume from the textile industry, have caused serious disposal problem. 24299821 0 6 theme cotton 96:101 arg1 fabrics 103:109 waste cotton fabrics 90:109 waste cotton fabrics 90:109 Melt-processed poly(vinyl alcohol) composites filled with microcrystalline cellulose from waste cotton fabrics. 24299821 6 7 theme PVA 1108:1110 arg1 melt-processing 1089:1103 the melt-processing 1085:1103 the melt-processing of PVA 1085:1110 As a result, the crystallization of PVA was confined and its melting temperature was decreased, which was beneficial for the melt-processing of PVA. 24299821 1 8 theme disposal 226:233 arg1 problem 235:241 serious disposal problem 218:241 serious disposal problem 218:241 Waste cotton fabrics (WCFs), which are generated in a large volume from the textile industry, have caused serious disposal problem. 24299821 0 9 theme waste 90:94 arg1 fabrics 103:109 waste cotton fabrics 90:109 waste cotton fabrics 90:109 Melt-processed poly(vinyl alcohol) composites filled with microcrystalline cellulose from waste cotton fabrics. 24299821 7 10 theme tensile 1216:1222 arg1 strength 1224:1231 tensile strength 1216:1231 tensile strength 1216:1231 Compared with the unfilled PVA, the PVA/MCC composites exhibited remarkable improvement in modulus and tensile strength. 24299821 5 11 theme hydrogen 946:953 arg1 bonding 955:961 hydrogen bonding 946:961 hydrogen bonding 946:961 The results indicated that MCC could establish strong interfacial interaction with PVA through hydrogen bonding. 24299821 5 12 theme strong 898:903 arg1 interaction 917:927 strong interfacial interaction 898:927 strong interfacial interaction with PVA 898:936 The results indicated that MCC could establish strong interfacial interaction with PVA through hydrogen bonding. 24299821 1 13 theme Waste 112:116 arg1 fabrics 125:131 Waste cotton fabrics 112:131 Waste cotton fabrics (WCFs) 112:138 Waste cotton fabrics (WCFs), which are generated in a large volume from the textile industry, have caused serious disposal problem. 24299821 1 13 theme Waste 112:116 arg1 WCFs 134:137 WCFs 134:137 WCFs 134:137 Waste cotton fabrics (WCFs), which are generated in a large volume from the textile industry, have caused serious disposal problem. 24299821 4 14 theme tensile 804:810 arg1 tests 812:816 tensile tests 804:816 tensile tests 804:816 The microstructure and mechanical properties of the melt-processed PVA/MCC composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, Raman spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis. 24299821 4 14 theme tensile 804:810 arg1 spectra 696:702 infrared spectra 687:702 infrared spectra 687:702 The microstructure and mechanical properties of the melt-processed PVA/MCC composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, Raman spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis. 24299821 2 15 theme Recycling 244:252 arg1 WCFs 254:257 Recycling WCFs 244:257 Recycling WCFs into value-added products 244:283 Recycling WCFs into value-added products is one of the vital measures for both environmental and economic benefits. 24299821 7 16 theme PVA/MCC 1149:1155 arg1 composites 1157:1166 the PVA/MCC composites 1145:1166 the PVA/MCC composites 1145:1166 Compared with the unfilled PVA, the PVA/MCC composites exhibited remarkable improvement in modulus and tensile strength. 24299821 3 17 theme melt-processed 479:492 arg1 poly 494:497 melt-processed poly 479:497 melt-processed poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with water and formamide 479:543 In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was prepared by acid hydrolysis of WCFs, and used as reinforcement for melt-processed poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with water and formamide as plasticizer. 24299821 3 17 theme melt-processed 479:492 arg1 alcohol 505:511 vinyl alcohol 499:511 vinyl alcohol 499:511 In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was prepared by acid hydrolysis of WCFs, and used as reinforcement for melt-processed poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with water and formamide as plasticizer. 24299821 3 17 theme melt-processed 479:492 arg1 PVA 515:517 PVA 515:517 PVA 515:517 In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was prepared by acid hydrolysis of WCFs, and used as reinforcement for melt-processed poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with water and formamide as plasticizer. 24299821 3 18 theme WCFs 443:446 arg1 hydrolysis 429:438 acid hydrolysis 424:438 acid hydrolysis of WCFs 424:446 In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was prepared by acid hydrolysis of WCFs, and used as reinforcement for melt-processed poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with water and formamide as plasticizer. 24299821 4 19 theme mechanical 584:593 arg1 properties 595:604 mechanical properties 584:604 mechanical properties 584:604 The microstructure and mechanical properties of the melt-processed PVA/MCC composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, Raman spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis. 24299821 0 20 theme poly 15:18 arg1 composites 35:44 Melt-processed poly(vinyl alcohol) composites 0:44 Melt-processed poly(vinyl alcohol) composites 0:44 Melt-processed poly(vinyl alcohol) composites filled with microcrystalline cellulose from waste cotton fabrics. 24299821 5 21 theme interfacial 905:915 arg1 interaction 917:927 strong interfacial interaction 898:927 strong interfacial interaction with PVA 898:936 The results indicated that MCC could establish strong interfacial interaction with PVA through hydrogen bonding. 24299821 6 22 theme PVA 1000:1002 arg1 result 969:974 a result 967:974 a result 967:974 As a result, the crystallization of PVA was confined and its melting temperature was decreased, which was beneficial for the melt-processing of PVA. 24299821 6 22 theme PVA 1000:1002 arg1 crystallization 981:995 the crystallization 977:995 the crystallization of PVA 977:1002 As a result, the crystallization of PVA was confined and its melting temperature was decreased, which was beneficial for the melt-processing of PVA. 24299821 0 23 theme Melt-processed 0:13 arg1 poly 15:18 Melt-processed poly 0:18 Melt-processed poly(vinyl alcohol) composites 0:44 Melt-processed poly(vinyl alcohol) composites filled with microcrystalline cellulose from waste cotton fabrics. 24299821 0 23 theme Melt-processed 0:13 arg1 alcohol 26:32 vinyl alcohol 20:32 vinyl alcohol 20:32 Melt-processed poly(vinyl alcohol) composites filled with microcrystalline cellulose from waste cotton fabrics. 24299821 4 24 theme infrared 687:694 arg1 spectra 711:717 Raman spectra 705:717 Raman spectra 705:717 The microstructure and mechanical properties of the melt-processed PVA/MCC composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, Raman spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis. 24299821 4 24 theme infrared 687:694 arg1 tests 812:816 tensile tests 804:816 tensile tests 804:816 The microstructure and mechanical properties of the melt-processed PVA/MCC composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, Raman spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis. 24299821 4 24 theme infrared 687:694 arg1 analysis 775:782 thermal gravimetric analysis 755:782 thermal gravimetric analysis 755:782 The microstructure and mechanical properties of the melt-processed PVA/MCC composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, Raman spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis. 24299821 4 24 theme infrared 687:694 arg1 spectra 696:702 infrared spectra 687:702 infrared spectra 687:702 The microstructure and mechanical properties of the melt-processed PVA/MCC composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, Raman spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis. 24299821 4 24 theme infrared 687:694 arg1 diffraction 791:801 X-ray diffraction 785:801 X-ray diffraction 785:801 The microstructure and mechanical properties of the melt-processed PVA/MCC composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, Raman spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis. 24299821 4 24 theme infrared 687:694 arg1 calorimetry 742:752 differential scanning calorimetry 720:752 differential scanning calorimetry 720:752 The microstructure and mechanical properties of the melt-processed PVA/MCC composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, Raman spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis. 24299821 4 24 theme infrared 687:694 arg1 analysis 841:848 dynamic mechanical analysis 822:848 dynamic mechanical analysis 822:848 The microstructure and mechanical properties of the melt-processed PVA/MCC composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, Raman spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis. 24299821 2 25 theme economic 341:348 arg1 benefits 350:357 both environmental and economic benefits 318:357 both environmental and economic benefits 318:357 Recycling WCFs into value-added products is one of the vital measures for both environmental and economic benefits. 24299821 0 26 theme vinyl 20:24 arg1 poly 15:18 Melt-processed poly 0:18 Melt-processed poly(vinyl alcohol) composites 0:44 Melt-processed poly(vinyl alcohol) composites filled with microcrystalline cellulose from waste cotton fabrics. 24299821 0 26 theme vinyl 20:24 arg1 alcohol 26:32 vinyl alcohol 20:32 vinyl alcohol 20:32 Melt-processed poly(vinyl alcohol) composites filled with microcrystalline cellulose from waste cotton fabrics. 24299821 5 27 with interaction 917:927 arg1 PVA 934:936 PVA 934:936 PVA 934:936 The results indicated that MCC could establish strong interfacial interaction with PVA through hydrogen bonding. 24299821 3 28 theme vinyl 499:503 arg1 poly 494:497 melt-processed poly 479:497 melt-processed poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with water and formamide 479:543 In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was prepared by acid hydrolysis of WCFs, and used as reinforcement for melt-processed poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with water and formamide as plasticizer. 24299821 3 28 theme vinyl 499:503 arg1 alcohol 505:511 vinyl alcohol 499:511 vinyl alcohol 499:511 In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was prepared by acid hydrolysis of WCFs, and used as reinforcement for melt-processed poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with water and formamide as plasticizer. 24299821 1 29 theme large 166:170 arg1 volume 172:177 a large volume 164:177 a large volume from the textile industry 164:203 Waste cotton fabrics (WCFs), which are generated in a large volume from the textile industry, have caused serious disposal problem. 24299821 4 30 dep Fourier 669:675 arg1 transform 677:685 transform 677:685 transform infrared spectra, Raman spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis 677:848 The microstructure and mechanical properties of the melt-processed PVA/MCC composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, Raman spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis. 24299821 4 31 theme scanning 733:740 arg1 calorimetry 742:752 differential scanning calorimetry 720:752 differential scanning calorimetry 720:752 The microstructure and mechanical properties of the melt-processed PVA/MCC composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, Raman spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis. 24299821 4 31 theme scanning 733:740 arg1 spectra 696:702 infrared spectra 687:702 infrared spectra 687:702 The microstructure and mechanical properties of the melt-processed PVA/MCC composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, Raman spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis. 24299821 2 32 theme value-added 264:274 arg1 products 276:283 value-added products 264:283 value-added products 264:283 Recycling WCFs into value-added products is one of the vital measures for both environmental and economic benefits. 24299821 3 33 theme acid 424:427 arg1 hydrolysis 429:438 acid hydrolysis 424:438 acid hydrolysis of WCFs 424:446 In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was prepared by acid hydrolysis of WCFs, and used as reinforcement for melt-processed poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with water and formamide as plasticizer. 24299821 2 34 theme vital 299:303 arg1 measures 305:312 the vital measures 295:312 the vital measures for both environmental and economic benefits 295:357 Recycling WCFs into value-added products is one of the vital measures for both environmental and economic benefits. 24299821 6 35 theme melting 1025:1031 arg1 temperature 1033:1043 its melting temperature 1021:1043 its melting temperature 1021:1043 As a result, the crystallization of PVA was confined and its melting temperature was decreased, which was beneficial for the melt-processing of PVA. 24299821 3 36 theme microcrystalline 375:390 arg1 MCC 403:405 MCC 403:405 MCC 403:405 In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was prepared by acid hydrolysis of WCFs, and used as reinforcement for melt-processed poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with water and formamide as plasticizer. 24299821 3 36 theme microcrystalline 375:390 arg1 cellulose 392:400 microcrystalline cellulose 375:400 microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) 375:406 In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was prepared by acid hydrolysis of WCFs, and used as reinforcement for melt-processed poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with water and formamide as plasticizer. 24299821 3 36 theme microcrystalline 375:390 arg1 plasticizer 548:558 plasticizer 548:558 plasticizer 548:558 In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was prepared by acid hydrolysis of WCFs, and used as reinforcement for melt-processed poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with water and formamide as plasticizer. 24299821 3 36 theme microcrystalline 375:390 arg1 reinforcement 461:473 reinforcement 461:473 reinforcement 461:473 In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was prepared by acid hydrolysis of WCFs, and used as reinforcement for melt-processed poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with water and formamide as plasticizer. 24299821 4 37 dep microstructure 565:578 arg1 The 561:563 The 561:563 The 561:563 The microstructure and mechanical properties of the melt-processed PVA/MCC composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, Raman spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis. 24299821 3 38 with poly 494:497 arg1 formamide 535:543 formamide 535:543 formamide 535:543 In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was prepared by acid hydrolysis of WCFs, and used as reinforcement for melt-processed poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with water and formamide as plasticizer. 24299821 3 38 with poly 494:497 arg1 water 525:529 water 525:529 water 525:529 In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was prepared by acid hydrolysis of WCFs, and used as reinforcement for melt-processed poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with water and formamide as plasticizer. 24299821 2 39 theme measures 305:312 arg1 measures 305:312 the vital measures 295:312 the vital measures for both environmental and economic benefits 295:357 Recycling WCFs into value-added products is one of the vital measures for both environmental and economic benefits. 24299821 2 39 theme measures 305:312 arg1 one 288:290 one 288:290 one 288:290 Recycling WCFs into value-added products is one of the vital measures for both environmental and economic benefits. 24299821 4 40 theme X-ray 785:789 arg1 spectra 696:702 infrared spectra 687:702 infrared spectra 687:702 The microstructure and mechanical properties of the melt-processed PVA/MCC composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, Raman spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis. 24299821 4 40 theme X-ray 785:789 arg1 diffraction 791:801 X-ray diffraction 785:801 X-ray diffraction 785:801 The microstructure and mechanical properties of the melt-processed PVA/MCC composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, Raman spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis. 24299821 7 41 theme unfilled 1131:1138 arg1 PVA 1140:1142 the unfilled PVA 1127:1142 the unfilled PVA 1127:1142 Compared with the unfilled PVA, the PVA/MCC composites exhibited remarkable improvement in modulus and tensile strength. 24299821 1 42 theme cotton 118:123 arg1 fabrics 125:131 Waste cotton fabrics 112:131 Waste cotton fabrics (WCFs) 112:138 Waste cotton fabrics (WCFs), which are generated in a large volume from the textile industry, have caused serious disposal problem. 24299821 1 42 theme cotton 118:123 arg1 WCFs 134:137 WCFs 134:137 WCFs 134:137 Waste cotton fabrics (WCFs), which are generated in a large volume from the textile industry, have caused serious disposal problem. 24299821 0 43 from fabrics 103:109 arg1 cellulose 75:83 microcrystalline cellulose 58:83 microcrystalline cellulose from waste cotton fabrics 58:109 Melt-processed poly(vinyl alcohol) composites filled with microcrystalline cellulose from waste cotton fabrics. 24299821 3 44 used used 453:456 arg2 reinforcement 461:473 reinforcement 461:473 reinforcement 461:473 In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was prepared by acid hydrolysis of WCFs, and used as reinforcement for melt-processed poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with water and formamide as plasticizer. 24299821 3 44 used used 453:456 arg2 cellulose 392:400 microcrystalline cellulose 375:400 microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) 375:406 In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was prepared by acid hydrolysis of WCFs, and used as reinforcement for melt-processed poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with water and formamide as plasticizer. 24299821 3 44 used used 453:456 arg2 plasticizer 548:558 plasticizer 548:558 plasticizer 548:558 In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was prepared by acid hydrolysis of WCFs, and used as reinforcement for melt-processed poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with water and formamide as plasticizer. 24299821 3 44 used used 453:456 arg2 MCC 403:405 MCC 403:405 MCC 403:405 In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was prepared by acid hydrolysis of WCFs, and used as reinforcement for melt-processed poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with water and formamide as plasticizer. 24299821 4 45 theme Raman 705:709 arg1 spectra 696:702 infrared spectra 687:702 infrared spectra 687:702 The microstructure and mechanical properties of the melt-processed PVA/MCC composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, Raman spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis. 24299821 4 45 theme Raman 705:709 arg1 spectra 711:717 Raman spectra 705:717 Raman spectra 705:717 The microstructure and mechanical properties of the melt-processed PVA/MCC composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, Raman spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis. 24299821 1 46 theme textile 188:194 arg1 industry 196:203 the textile industry 184:203 the textile industry 184:203 Waste cotton fabrics (WCFs), which are generated in a large volume from the textile industry, have caused serious disposal problem. 24299821 1 47 from industry 196:203 arg1 volume 172:177 a large volume 164:177 a large volume from the textile industry 164:203 Waste cotton fabrics (WCFs), which are generated in a large volume from the textile industry, have caused serious disposal problem. 24299821 4 48 theme melt-processed 613:626 arg1 composites 636:645 the melt-processed PVA/MCC composites 609:645 the melt-processed PVA/MCC composites 609:645 The microstructure and mechanical properties of the melt-processed PVA/MCC composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, Raman spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis. 24299821 0 49 theme microcrystalline 58:73 arg1 cellulose 75:83 microcrystalline cellulose 58:83 microcrystalline cellulose from waste cotton fabrics 58:109 Melt-processed poly(vinyl alcohol) composites filled with microcrystalline cellulose from waste cotton fabrics. 24299821 4 50 theme gravimetric 763:773 arg1 spectra 696:702 infrared spectra 687:702 infrared spectra 687:702 The microstructure and mechanical properties of the melt-processed PVA/MCC composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, Raman spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis. 24299821 4 50 theme gravimetric 763:773 arg1 analysis 775:782 thermal gravimetric analysis 755:782 thermal gravimetric analysis 755:782 The microstructure and mechanical properties of the melt-processed PVA/MCC composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, Raman spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis. 24299821 4 51 theme PVA/MCC 628:634 arg1 composites 636:645 the melt-processed PVA/MCC composites 609:645 the melt-processed PVA/MCC composites 609:645 The microstructure and mechanical properties of the melt-processed PVA/MCC composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, Raman spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis. 24299821 4 52 theme thermal 755:761 arg1 spectra 696:702 infrared spectra 687:702 infrared spectra 687:702 The microstructure and mechanical properties of the melt-processed PVA/MCC composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, Raman spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis. 24299821 4 52 theme thermal 755:761 arg1 analysis 775:782 thermal gravimetric analysis 755:782 thermal gravimetric analysis 755:782 The microstructure and mechanical properties of the melt-processed PVA/MCC composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, Raman spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis. 24299821 2 53 theme environmental 323:335 arg1 benefits 350:357 both environmental and economic benefits 318:357 both environmental and economic benefits 318:357 Recycling WCFs into value-added products is one of the vital measures for both environmental and economic benefits. 24299821 7 54 from improvement 1189:1199 arg1 strength 1224:1231 tensile strength 1216:1231 tensile strength 1216:1231 Compared with the unfilled PVA, the PVA/MCC composites exhibited remarkable improvement in modulus and tensile strength. 24299821 7 54 from improvement 1189:1199 arg1 modulus 1204:1210 modulus 1204:1210 modulus 1204:1210 Compared with the unfilled PVA, the PVA/MCC composites exhibited remarkable improvement in modulus and tensile strength. 24858286 3 0 theme genome 335:340 arg1 sequence 342:349 the genome sequence 331:349 the genome sequence of L. buchneri CD034 and L. buchneri NRRL B-30929 331:399 First, the genome sequence of L. buchneri CD034 and L. buchneri NRRL B-30929 was analysed in silico for the presence of PGHs. 24858286 4 1 theme hydrolytic 495:504 arg1 family 544:549 the glycosyl hydrolase family 521:549 the glycosyl hydrolase family 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N from L. buchneri CD034 521:624 Of 23 putative PGHs with different predicted hydrolytic specificities, the glycosyl hydrolase family 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N from L. buchneri CD034 and NRRL B-30929, respectively, were selected and characterized in detail. 24858286 4 1 theme hydrolytic 495:504 arg1 specificities 506:518 different predicted hydrolytic specificities 475:518 different predicted hydrolytic specificities 475:518 Of 23 putative PGHs with different predicted hydrolytic specificities, the glycosyl hydrolase family 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N from L. buchneri CD034 and NRRL B-30929, respectively, were selected and characterized in detail. 24858286 4 1 theme hydrolytic 495:504 arg1 B-30929 635:641 NRRL B-30929 630:641 NRRL B-30929 630:641 Of 23 putative PGHs with different predicted hydrolytic specificities, the glycosyl hydrolase family 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N from L. buchneri CD034 and NRRL B-30929, respectively, were selected and characterized in detail. 24858286 1 2 theme bacterial 178:186 arg1 growth 193:198 bacterial cell growth 178:198 bacterial cell growth 178:198 Bacterial cell wall hydrolases are essential for peptidoglycan remodelling in regard to bacterial cell growth and division. 24858286 4 3 dep family 544:549 arg1 homologues 572:581 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N 551:601 the glycosyl hydrolase family 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N from L. buchneri CD034 521:624 Of 23 putative PGHs with different predicted hydrolytic specificities, the glycosyl hydrolase family 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N from L. buchneri CD034 and NRRL B-30929, respectively, were selected and characterized in detail. 24858286 4 3 dep family 544:549 arg1 LbGH25N 595:601 LbGH25N 595:601 LbGH25N 595:601 Of 23 putative PGHs with different predicted hydrolytic specificities, the glycosyl hydrolase family 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N from L. buchneri CD034 and NRRL B-30929, respectively, were selected and characterized in detail. 24858286 4 3 dep family 544:549 arg1 LbGH25B 583:589 LbGH25B 583:589 LbGH25B 583:589 Of 23 putative PGHs with different predicted hydrolytic specificities, the glycosyl hydrolase family 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N from L. buchneri CD034 and NRRL B-30929, respectively, were selected and characterized in detail. 24858286 0 4 from characterization 12:27 arg1 buchneri 80:87 Lactobacillus buchneri 66:87 Lactobacillus buchneri 66:87 Biochemical characterization of the major N-acetylmuramidase from Lactobacillus buchneri. 24858286 7 5 theme cellular 1180:1187 arg1 fractionation 1189:1201 cellular fractionation 1180:1201 cellular fractionation 1180:1201 Both enzymes were identified as cell wall-associated proteins by means of immunofluorescence microscopy and cellular fractionation, as well as by the ability of purified recombinant LbGH25B and LbGH25N to bind to L. buchneri cell walls in vitro. 24858286 1 6 theme cell 188:191 arg1 growth 193:198 bacterial cell growth 178:198 bacterial cell growth 178:198 Bacterial cell wall hydrolases are essential for peptidoglycan remodelling in regard to bacterial cell growth and division. 24858286 4 7 from buchneri 611:618 arg1 homologues 572:581 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N 551:601 the glycosyl hydrolase family 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N from L. buchneri CD034 521:624 Of 23 putative PGHs with different predicted hydrolytic specificities, the glycosyl hydrolase family 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N from L. buchneri CD034 and NRRL B-30929, respectively, were selected and characterized in detail. 24858286 4 7 from buchneri 611:618 arg1 LbGH25N 595:601 LbGH25N 595:601 LbGH25N 595:601 Of 23 putative PGHs with different predicted hydrolytic specificities, the glycosyl hydrolase family 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N from L. buchneri CD034 and NRRL B-30929, respectively, were selected and characterized in detail. 24858286 4 7 from buchneri 611:618 arg1 LbGH25B 583:589 LbGH25B 583:589 LbGH25B 583:589 Of 23 putative PGHs with different predicted hydrolytic specificities, the glycosyl hydrolase family 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N from L. buchneri CD034 and NRRL B-30929, respectively, were selected and characterized in detail. 24858286 7 8 theme immunofluorescence 1146:1163 arg1 microscopy 1165:1174 immunofluorescence microscopy 1146:1174 immunofluorescence microscopy 1146:1174 Both enzymes were identified as cell wall-associated proteins by means of immunofluorescence microscopy and cellular fractionation, as well as by the ability of purified recombinant LbGH25B and LbGH25N to bind to L. buchneri cell walls in vitro. 24858286 8 9 with stabilities 1414:1424 arg1 values 1434:1439 Tm values 1431:1439 Tm values around 49 °C 1431:1452 Moreover, similar secondary structures mainly composed of β-sheets and nearly identical thermal stabilities with Tm values around 49 °C were found for the two N-acetylmuramidases by far-UV circular dichroism spectroscopy. 24858286 5 10 theme cell 763:766 arg1 walls 768:772 bacterial cell walls 753:772 bacterial cell walls for both enzymes 753:789 Zymogram analysis confirmed hydrolysing activity on bacterial cell walls for both enzymes. 24858286 5 11 theme hydrolysing 729:739 arg1 activity 741:748 hydrolysing activity 729:748 hydrolysing activity 729:748 Zymogram analysis confirmed hydrolysing activity on bacterial cell walls for both enzymes. 24858286 6 12 from Lactobacillus 947:959 arg1 products 880:887 the peptidoglycan breakdown products 852:887 the peptidoglycan breakdown products from L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929, and from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG 852:972 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the peptidoglycan breakdown products from L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929, and from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which served as a reference, revealed that LbGH25B and LbGH25N have N-acetylmuramidase activity. 24858286 6 12 from Lactobacillus 947:959 arg1 analysis 840:847 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis 792:847 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis 792:847 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the peptidoglycan breakdown products from L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929, and from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which served as a reference, revealed that LbGH25B and LbGH25N have N-acetylmuramidase activity. 24858286 6 12 from Lactobacillus 947:959 arg1 reference 993:1001 a reference 991:1001 a reference 991:1001 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the peptidoglycan breakdown products from L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929, and from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which served as a reference, revealed that LbGH25B and LbGH25N have N-acetylmuramidase activity. 24858286 6 13 contain have 1038:1041 arg1 LbGH25B 1018:1024 LbGH25B 1018:1024 LbGH25B 1018:1024 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the peptidoglycan breakdown products from L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929, and from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which served as a reference, revealed that LbGH25B and LbGH25N have N-acetylmuramidase activity. 24858286 6 13 contain have 1038:1041 arg2 activity 1062:1069 N-acetylmuramidase activity 1043:1069 N-acetylmuramidase activity 1043:1069 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the peptidoglycan breakdown products from L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929, and from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which served as a reference, revealed that LbGH25B and LbGH25N have N-acetylmuramidase activity. 24858286 6 13 contain have 1038:1041 arg1 LbGH25N 1030:1036 LbGH25N 1030:1036 LbGH25N 1030:1036 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the peptidoglycan breakdown products from L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929, and from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which served as a reference, revealed that LbGH25B and LbGH25N have N-acetylmuramidase activity. 24858286 6 14 dep Lactobacillus 947:959 arg1 GG 971:972 Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG 947:972 Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG 947:972 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the peptidoglycan breakdown products from L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929, and from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which served as a reference, revealed that LbGH25B and LbGH25N have N-acetylmuramidase activity. 24858286 3 15 theme buchneri 357:364 arg1 sequence 342:349 the genome sequence 331:349 the genome sequence of L. buchneri CD034 and L. buchneri NRRL B-30929 331:399 First, the genome sequence of L. buchneri CD034 and L. buchneri NRRL B-30929 was analysed in silico for the presence of PGHs. 24858286 6 16 theme MS 837:838 arg1 analysis 840:847 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis 792:847 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis 792:847 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the peptidoglycan breakdown products from L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929, and from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which served as a reference, revealed that LbGH25B and LbGH25N have N-acetylmuramidase activity. 24858286 6 16 theme MS 837:838 arg1 reference 993:1001 a reference 991:1001 a reference 991:1001 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the peptidoglycan breakdown products from L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929, and from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which served as a reference, revealed that LbGH25B and LbGH25N have N-acetylmuramidase activity. 24858286 1 17 theme Bacterial 90:98 arg1 hydrolases 110:119 Bacterial cell wall hydrolases 90:119 Bacterial cell wall hydrolases 90:119 Bacterial cell wall hydrolases are essential for peptidoglycan remodelling in regard to bacterial cell growth and division. 24858286 6 18 from analysis 840:847 arg1 B-30929 929:935 NRRL B-30929 924:935 NRRL B-30929 924:935 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the peptidoglycan breakdown products from L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929, and from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which served as a reference, revealed that LbGH25B and LbGH25N have N-acetylmuramidase activity. 24858286 6 18 from analysis 840:847 arg1 Lactobacillus 947:959 Lactobacillus 947:959 Lactobacillus 947:959 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the peptidoglycan breakdown products from L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929, and from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which served as a reference, revealed that LbGH25B and LbGH25N have N-acetylmuramidase activity. 24858286 6 18 from analysis 840:847 arg1 strains 906:912 L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929 894:935 L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929 894:935 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the peptidoglycan breakdown products from L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929, and from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which served as a reference, revealed that LbGH25B and LbGH25N have N-acetylmuramidase activity. 24858286 6 18 from analysis 840:847 arg1 CD034 914:918 CD034 914:918 CD034 914:918 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the peptidoglycan breakdown products from L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929, and from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which served as a reference, revealed that LbGH25B and LbGH25N have N-acetylmuramidase activity. 24858286 7 19 theme purified 1233:1240 arg1 LbGH25B 1254:1260 purified recombinant LbGH25B 1233:1260 purified recombinant LbGH25B 1233:1260 Both enzymes were identified as cell wall-associated proteins by means of immunofluorescence microscopy and cellular fractionation, as well as by the ability of purified recombinant LbGH25B and LbGH25N to bind to L. buchneri cell walls in vitro. 24858286 4 20 theme predicted 485:493 arg1 family 544:549 the glycosyl hydrolase family 521:549 the glycosyl hydrolase family 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N from L. buchneri CD034 521:624 Of 23 putative PGHs with different predicted hydrolytic specificities, the glycosyl hydrolase family 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N from L. buchneri CD034 and NRRL B-30929, respectively, were selected and characterized in detail. 24858286 4 20 theme predicted 485:493 arg1 specificities 506:518 different predicted hydrolytic specificities 475:518 different predicted hydrolytic specificities 475:518 Of 23 putative PGHs with different predicted hydrolytic specificities, the glycosyl hydrolase family 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N from L. buchneri CD034 and NRRL B-30929, respectively, were selected and characterized in detail. 24858286 4 20 theme predicted 485:493 arg1 B-30929 635:641 NRRL B-30929 630:641 NRRL B-30929 630:641 Of 23 putative PGHs with different predicted hydrolytic specificities, the glycosyl hydrolase family 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N from L. buchneri CD034 and NRRL B-30929, respectively, were selected and characterized in detail. 24858286 6 21 theme MALDI-TOF 827:835 arg1 MS 837:838 MALDI-TOF MS 827:838 MALDI-TOF MS 827:838 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the peptidoglycan breakdown products from L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929, and from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which served as a reference, revealed that LbGH25B and LbGH25N have N-acetylmuramidase activity. 24858286 1 22 theme cell 100:103 arg1 hydrolases 110:119 Bacterial cell wall hydrolases 90:119 Bacterial cell wall hydrolases 90:119 Bacterial cell wall hydrolases are essential for peptidoglycan remodelling in regard to bacterial cell growth and division. 24858286 3 23 theme PGHs 444:447 arg1 presence 432:439 the presence 428:439 the presence of PGHs 428:447 First, the genome sequence of L. buchneri CD034 and L. buchneri NRRL B-30929 was analysed in silico for the presence of PGHs. 24858286 10 24 theme major 1645:1649 arg1 N-acetylmuramidase 1651:1668 a major N-acetylmuramidase 1643:1668 a major N-acetylmuramidase from L. buchneri 1643:1685 In this study, a major N-acetylmuramidase from L. buchneri was characterized in detail for the first time. 24858286 4 25 theme different 475:483 arg1 family 544:549 the glycosyl hydrolase family 521:549 the glycosyl hydrolase family 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N from L. buchneri CD034 521:624 Of 23 putative PGHs with different predicted hydrolytic specificities, the glycosyl hydrolase family 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N from L. buchneri CD034 and NRRL B-30929, respectively, were selected and characterized in detail. 24858286 4 25 theme different 475:483 arg1 specificities 506:518 different predicted hydrolytic specificities 475:518 different predicted hydrolytic specificities 475:518 Of 23 putative PGHs with different predicted hydrolytic specificities, the glycosyl hydrolase family 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N from L. buchneri CD034 and NRRL B-30929, respectively, were selected and characterized in detail. 24858286 4 25 theme different 475:483 arg1 B-30929 635:641 NRRL B-30929 630:641 NRRL B-30929 630:641 Of 23 putative PGHs with different predicted hydrolytic specificities, the glycosyl hydrolase family 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N from L. buchneri CD034 and NRRL B-30929, respectively, were selected and characterized in detail. 24858286 7 26 theme LbGH25N 1266:1272 arg1 ability 1222:1228 the ability 1218:1228 the ability of purified recombinant LbGH25B and LbGH25N to bind to L. buchneri cell walls in vitro 1218:1315 Both enzymes were identified as cell wall-associated proteins by means of immunofluorescence microscopy and cellular fractionation, as well as by the ability of purified recombinant LbGH25B and LbGH25N to bind to L. buchneri cell walls in vitro. 24858286 9 27 theme related 1614:1620 arg1 PGHs 1622:1625 related PGHs 1614:1625 related PGHs 1614:1625 The functional and structural data obtained are discussed and compared to related PGHs. 24858286 1 28 theme wall 105:108 arg1 hydrolases 110:119 Bacterial cell wall hydrolases 90:119 Bacterial cell wall hydrolases 90:119 Bacterial cell wall hydrolases are essential for peptidoglycan remodelling in regard to bacterial cell growth and division. 24858286 9 29 theme functional 1544:1553 arg1 data 1570:1573 The functional and structural data 1540:1573 The functional and structural data obtained 1540:1582 The functional and structural data obtained are discussed and compared to related PGHs. 24858286 0 30 theme Biochemical 0:10 arg1 characterization 12:27 Biochemical characterization 0:27 Biochemical characterization of the major N-acetylmuramidase from Lactobacillus buchneri. 0:88 Biochemical characterization of the major N-acetylmuramidase from Lactobacillus buchneri. 24858286 6 31 theme L. 894:895 arg1 B-30929 929:935 NRRL B-30929 924:935 NRRL B-30929 924:935 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the peptidoglycan breakdown products from L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929, and from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which served as a reference, revealed that LbGH25B and LbGH25N have N-acetylmuramidase activity. 24858286 6 31 theme L. 894:895 arg1 strains 906:912 L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929 894:935 L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929 894:935 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the peptidoglycan breakdown products from L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929, and from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which served as a reference, revealed that LbGH25B and LbGH25N have N-acetylmuramidase activity. 24858286 6 31 theme L. 894:895 arg1 CD034 914:918 CD034 914:918 CD034 914:918 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the peptidoglycan breakdown products from L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929, and from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which served as a reference, revealed that LbGH25B and LbGH25N have N-acetylmuramidase activity. 24858286 8 32 with structures 1346:1355 arg1 values 1434:1439 Tm values 1431:1439 Tm values around 49 °C 1431:1452 Moreover, similar secondary structures mainly composed of β-sheets and nearly identical thermal stabilities with Tm values around 49 °C were found for the two N-acetylmuramidases by far-UV circular dichroism spectroscopy. 24858286 6 33 theme HPLC 818:821 arg1 analysis 840:847 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis 792:847 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis 792:847 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the peptidoglycan breakdown products from L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929, and from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which served as a reference, revealed that LbGH25B and LbGH25N have N-acetylmuramidase activity. 24858286 6 33 theme HPLC 818:821 arg1 reference 993:1001 a reference 991:1001 a reference 991:1001 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the peptidoglycan breakdown products from L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929, and from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which served as a reference, revealed that LbGH25B and LbGH25N have N-acetylmuramidase activity. 24858286 8 34 theme thermal 1406:1412 arg1 stabilities 1414:1424 nearly identical thermal stabilities 1389:1424 nearly identical thermal stabilities with Tm values around 49 °C 1389:1452 Moreover, similar secondary structures mainly composed of β-sheets and nearly identical thermal stabilities with Tm values around 49 °C were found for the two N-acetylmuramidases by far-UV circular dichroism spectroscopy. 24858286 5 35 theme bacterial 753:761 arg1 walls 768:772 bacterial cell walls 753:772 bacterial cell walls for both enzymes 753:789 Zymogram analysis confirmed hydrolysing activity on bacterial cell walls for both enzymes. 24858286 3 36 theme buchneri 379:386 arg1 sequence 342:349 the genome sequence 331:349 the genome sequence of L. buchneri CD034 and L. buchneri NRRL B-30929 331:399 First, the genome sequence of L. buchneri CD034 and L. buchneri NRRL B-30929 was analysed in silico for the presence of PGHs. 24858286 4 37 theme domain-containing 554:570 arg1 homologues 572:581 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N 551:601 the glycosyl hydrolase family 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N from L. buchneri CD034 521:624 Of 23 putative PGHs with different predicted hydrolytic specificities, the glycosyl hydrolase family 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N from L. buchneri CD034 and NRRL B-30929, respectively, were selected and characterized in detail. 24858286 4 37 theme domain-containing 554:570 arg1 LbGH25N 595:601 LbGH25N 595:601 LbGH25N 595:601 Of 23 putative PGHs with different predicted hydrolytic specificities, the glycosyl hydrolase family 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N from L. buchneri CD034 and NRRL B-30929, respectively, were selected and characterized in detail. 24858286 4 37 theme domain-containing 554:570 arg1 LbGH25B 583:589 LbGH25B 583:589 LbGH25B 583:589 Of 23 putative PGHs with different predicted hydrolytic specificities, the glycosyl hydrolase family 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N from L. buchneri CD034 and NRRL B-30929, respectively, were selected and characterized in detail. 24858286 7 38 theme cell 1104:1107 arg1 enzymes 1077:1083 Both enzymes 1072:1083 Both enzymes 1072:1083 Both enzymes were identified as cell wall-associated proteins by means of immunofluorescence microscopy and cellular fractionation, as well as by the ability of purified recombinant LbGH25B and LbGH25N to bind to L. buchneri cell walls in vitro. 24858286 7 38 theme cell 1104:1107 arg1 proteins 1125:1132 cell wall-associated proteins 1104:1132 cell wall-associated proteins 1104:1132 Both enzymes were identified as cell wall-associated proteins by means of immunofluorescence microscopy and cellular fractionation, as well as by the ability of purified recombinant LbGH25B and LbGH25N to bind to L. buchneri cell walls in vitro. 24858286 6 39 theme reversed-phase 803:816 arg1 HPLC 818:821 reversed-phase HPLC 803:821 reversed-phase HPLC 803:821 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the peptidoglycan breakdown products from L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929, and from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which served as a reference, revealed that LbGH25B and LbGH25N have N-acetylmuramidase activity. 24858286 8 40 theme Tm 1431:1432 arg1 values 1434:1439 Tm values 1431:1439 Tm values around 49 °C 1431:1452 Moreover, similar secondary structures mainly composed of β-sheets and nearly identical thermal stabilities with Tm values around 49 °C were found for the two N-acetylmuramidases by far-UV circular dichroism spectroscopy. 24858286 10 41 from buchneri 1678:1685 arg1 N-acetylmuramidase 1651:1668 a major N-acetylmuramidase 1643:1668 a major N-acetylmuramidase from L. buchneri 1643:1685 In this study, a major N-acetylmuramidase from L. buchneri was characterized in detail for the first time. 24858286 3 42 theme NRRL 388:391 arg1 B-30929 393:399 NRRL B-30929 388:399 NRRL B-30929 388:399 First, the genome sequence of L. buchneri CD034 and L. buchneri NRRL B-30929 was analysed in silico for the presence of PGHs. 24858286 2 43 theme strains 297:303 arg1 PGHs 255:258 PGHs 255:258 PGHs 255:258 In this study, peptidoglycan hydrolases (PGHs) of different Lactobacillus buchneri strains were investigated. 24858286 2 43 theme strains 297:303 arg1 hydrolases 243:252 peptidoglycan hydrolases 229:252 peptidoglycan hydrolases (PGHs) of different Lactobacillus buchneri strains 229:303 In this study, peptidoglycan hydrolases (PGHs) of different Lactobacillus buchneri strains were investigated. 24858286 4 44 with PGHs 465:468 arg1 family 544:549 the glycosyl hydrolase family 521:549 the glycosyl hydrolase family 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N from L. buchneri CD034 521:624 Of 23 putative PGHs with different predicted hydrolytic specificities, the glycosyl hydrolase family 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N from L. buchneri CD034 and NRRL B-30929, respectively, were selected and characterized in detail. 24858286 4 44 with PGHs 465:468 arg1 specificities 506:518 different predicted hydrolytic specificities 475:518 different predicted hydrolytic specificities 475:518 Of 23 putative PGHs with different predicted hydrolytic specificities, the glycosyl hydrolase family 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N from L. buchneri CD034 and NRRL B-30929, respectively, were selected and characterized in detail. 24858286 4 44 with PGHs 465:468 arg1 B-30929 635:641 NRRL B-30929 630:641 NRRL B-30929 630:641 Of 23 putative PGHs with different predicted hydrolytic specificities, the glycosyl hydrolase family 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N from L. buchneri CD034 and NRRL B-30929, respectively, were selected and characterized in detail. 24858286 10 45 theme first 1723:1727 arg1 time 1729:1732 the first time 1719:1732 the first time 1719:1732 In this study, a major N-acetylmuramidase from L. buchneri was characterized in detail for the first time. 24858286 0 46 theme N-acetylmuramidase 42:59 arg1 characterization 12:27 Biochemical characterization 0:27 Biochemical characterization of the major N-acetylmuramidase from Lactobacillus buchneri. 0:88 Biochemical characterization of the major N-acetylmuramidase from Lactobacillus buchneri. 24858286 6 47 theme NRRL 924:927 arg1 B-30929 929:935 NRRL B-30929 924:935 NRRL B-30929 924:935 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the peptidoglycan breakdown products from L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929, and from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which served as a reference, revealed that LbGH25B and LbGH25N have N-acetylmuramidase activity. 24858286 6 47 theme NRRL 924:927 arg1 strains 906:912 L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929 894:935 L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929 894:935 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the peptidoglycan breakdown products from L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929, and from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which served as a reference, revealed that LbGH25B and LbGH25N have N-acetylmuramidase activity. 24858286 8 48 theme identical 1396:1404 arg1 stabilities 1414:1424 nearly identical thermal stabilities 1389:1424 nearly identical thermal stabilities with Tm values around 49 °C 1389:1452 Moreover, similar secondary structures mainly composed of β-sheets and nearly identical thermal stabilities with Tm values around 49 °C were found for the two N-acetylmuramidases by far-UV circular dichroism spectroscopy. 24858286 0 49 theme major 36:40 arg1 N-acetylmuramidase 42:59 the major N-acetylmuramidase 32:59 the major N-acetylmuramidase from Lactobacillus buchneri 32:87 Biochemical characterization of the major N-acetylmuramidase from Lactobacillus buchneri. 24858286 4 50 theme hydrolase 534:542 arg1 family 544:549 the glycosyl hydrolase family 521:549 the glycosyl hydrolase family 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N from L. buchneri CD034 521:624 Of 23 putative PGHs with different predicted hydrolytic specificities, the glycosyl hydrolase family 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N from L. buchneri CD034 and NRRL B-30929, respectively, were selected and characterized in detail. 24858286 4 50 theme hydrolase 534:542 arg1 specificities 506:518 different predicted hydrolytic specificities 475:518 different predicted hydrolytic specificities 475:518 Of 23 putative PGHs with different predicted hydrolytic specificities, the glycosyl hydrolase family 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N from L. buchneri CD034 and NRRL B-30929, respectively, were selected and characterized in detail. 24858286 4 51 theme putative 456:463 arg1 PGHs 465:468 23 putative PGHs 453:468 23 putative PGHs with different predicted hydrolytic specificities, the glycosyl hydrolase family 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N from L. buchneri CD034 and NRRL B-30929 453:641 Of 23 putative PGHs with different predicted hydrolytic specificities, the glycosyl hydrolase family 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N from L. buchneri CD034 and NRRL B-30929, respectively, were selected and characterized in detail. 24858286 6 52 theme Subsequent 792:801 arg1 analysis 840:847 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis 792:847 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis 792:847 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the peptidoglycan breakdown products from L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929, and from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which served as a reference, revealed that LbGH25B and LbGH25N have N-acetylmuramidase activity. 24858286 6 52 theme Subsequent 792:801 arg1 reference 993:1001 a reference 991:1001 a reference 991:1001 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the peptidoglycan breakdown products from L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929, and from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which served as a reference, revealed that LbGH25B and LbGH25N have N-acetylmuramidase activity. 24858286 7 53 theme L. 1285:1286 arg1 walls 1302:1306 L. buchneri cell walls 1285:1306 L. buchneri cell walls 1285:1306 Both enzymes were identified as cell wall-associated proteins by means of immunofluorescence microscopy and cellular fractionation, as well as by the ability of purified recombinant LbGH25B and LbGH25N to bind to L. buchneri cell walls in vitro. 24858286 4 54 theme glycosyl 525:532 arg1 family 544:549 the glycosyl hydrolase family 521:549 the glycosyl hydrolase family 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N from L. buchneri CD034 521:624 Of 23 putative PGHs with different predicted hydrolytic specificities, the glycosyl hydrolase family 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N from L. buchneri CD034 and NRRL B-30929, respectively, were selected and characterized in detail. 24858286 4 54 theme glycosyl 525:532 arg1 specificities 506:518 different predicted hydrolytic specificities 475:518 different predicted hydrolytic specificities 475:518 Of 23 putative PGHs with different predicted hydrolytic specificities, the glycosyl hydrolase family 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N from L. buchneri CD034 and NRRL B-30929, respectively, were selected and characterized in detail. 24858286 3 55 dep buchneri 357:364 arg1 B-30929 393:399 NRRL B-30929 388:399 NRRL B-30929 388:399 First, the genome sequence of L. buchneri CD034 and L. buchneri NRRL B-30929 was analysed in silico for the presence of PGHs. 24858286 0 56 from buchneri 80:87 arg1 N-acetylmuramidase 42:59 the major N-acetylmuramidase 32:59 the major N-acetylmuramidase from Lactobacillus buchneri 32:87 Biochemical characterization of the major N-acetylmuramidase from Lactobacillus buchneri. 24858286 0 56 from buchneri 80:87 arg1 characterization 12:27 Biochemical characterization 0:27 Biochemical characterization of the major N-acetylmuramidase from Lactobacillus buchneri. 0:88 Biochemical characterization of the major N-acetylmuramidase from Lactobacillus buchneri. 24858286 4 57 dep homologues 572:581 arg1 homologues 572:581 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N 551:601 the glycosyl hydrolase family 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N from L. buchneri CD034 521:624 Of 23 putative PGHs with different predicted hydrolytic specificities, the glycosyl hydrolase family 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N from L. buchneri CD034 and NRRL B-30929, respectively, were selected and characterized in detail. 24858286 4 57 dep homologues 572:581 arg1 LbGH25N 595:601 LbGH25N 595:601 LbGH25N 595:601 Of 23 putative PGHs with different predicted hydrolytic specificities, the glycosyl hydrolase family 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N from L. buchneri CD034 and NRRL B-30929, respectively, were selected and characterized in detail. 24858286 4 57 dep homologues 572:581 arg1 LbGH25B 583:589 LbGH25B 583:589 LbGH25B 583:589 Of 23 putative PGHs with different predicted hydrolytic specificities, the glycosyl hydrolase family 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N from L. buchneri CD034 and NRRL B-30929, respectively, were selected and characterized in detail. 24858286 9 58 theme structural 1559:1568 arg1 data 1570:1573 The functional and structural data 1540:1573 The functional and structural data obtained 1540:1582 The functional and structural data obtained are discussed and compared to related PGHs. 24858286 8 59 theme dichroism 1516:1524 arg1 spectroscopy 1526:1537 far-UV circular dichroism spectroscopy 1500:1537 far-UV circular dichroism spectroscopy 1500:1537 Moreover, similar secondary structures mainly composed of β-sheets and nearly identical thermal stabilities with Tm values around 49 °C were found for the two N-acetylmuramidases by far-UV circular dichroism spectroscopy. 24858286 2 60 theme peptidoglycan 229:241 arg1 PGHs 255:258 PGHs 255:258 PGHs 255:258 In this study, peptidoglycan hydrolases (PGHs) of different Lactobacillus buchneri strains were investigated. 24858286 2 60 theme peptidoglycan 229:241 arg1 hydrolases 243:252 peptidoglycan hydrolases 229:252 peptidoglycan hydrolases (PGHs) of different Lactobacillus buchneri strains 229:303 In this study, peptidoglycan hydrolases (PGHs) of different Lactobacillus buchneri strains were investigated. 24858286 7 61 theme LbGH25B 1254:1260 arg1 ability 1222:1228 the ability 1218:1228 the ability of purified recombinant LbGH25B and LbGH25N to bind to L. buchneri cell walls in vitro 1218:1315 Both enzymes were identified as cell wall-associated proteins by means of immunofluorescence microscopy and cellular fractionation, as well as by the ability of purified recombinant LbGH25B and LbGH25N to bind to L. buchneri cell walls in vitro. 24858286 6 62 theme buchneri 897:904 arg1 B-30929 929:935 NRRL B-30929 924:935 NRRL B-30929 924:935 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the peptidoglycan breakdown products from L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929, and from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which served as a reference, revealed that LbGH25B and LbGH25N have N-acetylmuramidase activity. 24858286 6 62 theme buchneri 897:904 arg1 strains 906:912 L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929 894:935 L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929 894:935 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the peptidoglycan breakdown products from L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929, and from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which served as a reference, revealed that LbGH25B and LbGH25N have N-acetylmuramidase activity. 24858286 6 62 theme buchneri 897:904 arg1 CD034 914:918 CD034 914:918 CD034 914:918 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the peptidoglycan breakdown products from L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929, and from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which served as a reference, revealed that LbGH25B and LbGH25N have N-acetylmuramidase activity. 24858286 6 63 dep strains 906:912 arg1 B-30929 929:935 NRRL B-30929 924:935 NRRL B-30929 924:935 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the peptidoglycan breakdown products from L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929, and from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which served as a reference, revealed that LbGH25B and LbGH25N have N-acetylmuramidase activity. 24858286 6 63 dep strains 906:912 arg1 strains 906:912 L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929 894:935 L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929 894:935 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the peptidoglycan breakdown products from L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929, and from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which served as a reference, revealed that LbGH25B and LbGH25N have N-acetylmuramidase activity. 24858286 6 63 dep strains 906:912 arg1 CD034 914:918 CD034 914:918 CD034 914:918 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the peptidoglycan breakdown products from L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929, and from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which served as a reference, revealed that LbGH25B and LbGH25N have N-acetylmuramidase activity. 24858286 5 64 theme Zymogram 701:708 arg1 analysis 710:717 Zymogram analysis 701:717 Zymogram analysis 701:717 Zymogram analysis confirmed hydrolysing activity on bacterial cell walls for both enzymes. 24858286 6 65 theme products 880:887 arg1 analysis 840:847 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis 792:847 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis 792:847 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the peptidoglycan breakdown products from L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929, and from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which served as a reference, revealed that LbGH25B and LbGH25N have N-acetylmuramidase activity. 24858286 6 65 theme products 880:887 arg1 reference 993:1001 a reference 991:1001 a reference 991:1001 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the peptidoglycan breakdown products from L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929, and from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which served as a reference, revealed that LbGH25B and LbGH25N have N-acetylmuramidase activity. 24858286 2 66 theme Lactobacillus 274:286 arg1 strains 297:303 different Lactobacillus buchneri strains 264:303 different Lactobacillus buchneri strains 264:303 In this study, peptidoglycan hydrolases (PGHs) of different Lactobacillus buchneri strains were investigated. 24858286 8 67 theme secondary 1336:1344 arg1 structures 1346:1355 similar secondary structures 1328:1355 similar secondary structures mainly composed of β-sheets 1328:1383 Moreover, similar secondary structures mainly composed of β-sheets and nearly identical thermal stabilities with Tm values around 49 °C were found for the two N-acetylmuramidases by far-UV circular dichroism spectroscopy. 24858286 7 68 theme recombinant 1242:1252 arg1 LbGH25B 1254:1260 purified recombinant LbGH25B 1233:1260 purified recombinant LbGH25B 1233:1260 Both enzymes were identified as cell wall-associated proteins by means of immunofluorescence microscopy and cellular fractionation, as well as by the ability of purified recombinant LbGH25B and LbGH25N to bind to L. buchneri cell walls in vitro. 24858286 2 69 theme buchneri 288:295 arg1 strains 297:303 different Lactobacillus buchneri strains 264:303 different Lactobacillus buchneri strains 264:303 In this study, peptidoglycan hydrolases (PGHs) of different Lactobacillus buchneri strains were investigated. 24858286 6 70 theme breakdown 870:878 arg1 products 880:887 the peptidoglycan breakdown products 852:887 the peptidoglycan breakdown products from L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929, and from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG 852:972 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the peptidoglycan breakdown products from L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929, and from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which served as a reference, revealed that LbGH25B and LbGH25N have N-acetylmuramidase activity. 24858286 2 71 theme different 264:272 arg1 strains 297:303 different Lactobacillus buchneri strains 264:303 different Lactobacillus buchneri strains 264:303 In this study, peptidoglycan hydrolases (PGHs) of different Lactobacillus buchneri strains were investigated. 24858286 8 72 theme circular 1507:1514 arg1 spectroscopy 1526:1537 far-UV circular dichroism spectroscopy 1500:1537 far-UV circular dichroism spectroscopy 1500:1537 Moreover, similar secondary structures mainly composed of β-sheets and nearly identical thermal stabilities with Tm values around 49 °C were found for the two N-acetylmuramidases by far-UV circular dichroism spectroscopy. 24858286 6 73 theme N-acetylmuramidase 1043:1060 arg1 activity 1062:1069 N-acetylmuramidase activity 1043:1069 N-acetylmuramidase activity 1043:1069 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the peptidoglycan breakdown products from L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929, and from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which served as a reference, revealed that LbGH25B and LbGH25N have N-acetylmuramidase activity. 24858286 8 74 theme far-UV 1500:1505 arg1 spectroscopy 1526:1537 far-UV circular dichroism spectroscopy 1500:1537 far-UV circular dichroism spectroscopy 1500:1537 Moreover, similar secondary structures mainly composed of β-sheets and nearly identical thermal stabilities with Tm values around 49 °C were found for the two N-acetylmuramidases by far-UV circular dichroism spectroscopy. 24858286 6 75 theme peptidoglycan 856:868 arg1 products 880:887 the peptidoglycan breakdown products 852:887 the peptidoglycan breakdown products from L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929, and from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG 852:972 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the peptidoglycan breakdown products from L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929, and from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which served as a reference, revealed that LbGH25B and LbGH25N have N-acetylmuramidase activity. 24858286 7 76 theme buchneri 1288:1295 arg1 walls 1302:1306 L. buchneri cell walls 1285:1306 L. buchneri cell walls 1285:1306 Both enzymes were identified as cell wall-associated proteins by means of immunofluorescence microscopy and cellular fractionation, as well as by the ability of purified recombinant LbGH25B and LbGH25N to bind to L. buchneri cell walls in vitro. 24858286 8 77 theme similar 1328:1334 arg1 structures 1346:1355 similar secondary structures 1328:1355 similar secondary structures mainly composed of β-sheets 1328:1383 Moreover, similar secondary structures mainly composed of β-sheets and nearly identical thermal stabilities with Tm values around 49 °C were found for the two N-acetylmuramidases by far-UV circular dichroism spectroscopy. 24858286 7 78 theme wall-associated 1109:1123 arg1 enzymes 1077:1083 Both enzymes 1072:1083 Both enzymes 1072:1083 Both enzymes were identified as cell wall-associated proteins by means of immunofluorescence microscopy and cellular fractionation, as well as by the ability of purified recombinant LbGH25B and LbGH25N to bind to L. buchneri cell walls in vitro. 24858286 7 78 theme wall-associated 1109:1123 arg1 proteins 1125:1132 cell wall-associated proteins 1104:1132 cell wall-associated proteins 1104:1132 Both enzymes were identified as cell wall-associated proteins by means of immunofluorescence microscopy and cellular fractionation, as well as by the ability of purified recombinant LbGH25B and LbGH25N to bind to L. buchneri cell walls in vitro. 24858286 6 79 from strains 906:912 arg1 products 880:887 the peptidoglycan breakdown products 852:887 the peptidoglycan breakdown products from L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929, and from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG 852:972 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the peptidoglycan breakdown products from L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929, and from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which served as a reference, revealed that LbGH25B and LbGH25N have N-acetylmuramidase activity. 24858286 6 79 from strains 906:912 arg1 analysis 840:847 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis 792:847 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis 792:847 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the peptidoglycan breakdown products from L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929, and from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which served as a reference, revealed that LbGH25B and LbGH25N have N-acetylmuramidase activity. 24858286 6 79 from strains 906:912 arg1 reference 993:1001 a reference 991:1001 a reference 991:1001 Subsequent reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the peptidoglycan breakdown products from L. buchneri strains CD034 and NRRL B-30929, and from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which served as a reference, revealed that LbGH25B and LbGH25N have N-acetylmuramidase activity. 24858286 7 80 theme cell 1297:1300 arg1 walls 1302:1306 L. buchneri cell walls 1285:1306 L. buchneri cell walls 1285:1306 Both enzymes were identified as cell wall-associated proteins by means of immunofluorescence microscopy and cellular fractionation, as well as by the ability of purified recombinant LbGH25B and LbGH25N to bind to L. buchneri cell walls in vitro. 24858286 4 81 theme NRRL 630:633 arg1 specificities 506:518 different predicted hydrolytic specificities 475:518 different predicted hydrolytic specificities 475:518 Of 23 putative PGHs with different predicted hydrolytic specificities, the glycosyl hydrolase family 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N from L. buchneri CD034 and NRRL B-30929, respectively, were selected and characterized in detail. 24858286 4 81 theme NRRL 630:633 arg1 B-30929 635:641 NRRL B-30929 630:641 NRRL B-30929 630:641 Of 23 putative PGHs with different predicted hydrolytic specificities, the glycosyl hydrolase family 25 domain-containing homologues LbGH25B and LbGH25N from L. buchneri CD034 and NRRL B-30929, respectively, were selected and characterized in detail. 28318588 10 0 theme distinct 1443:1450 arg1 isomers 1461:1467 21 distinct OS and 9 isomers 1440:1467 21 distinct OS and 9 isomers with unique retention times 1440:1495 In total, 30 OS were identified in early-lactation cow milk, including 21 distinct OS and 9 isomers with unique retention times. 28318588 9 1 used used 1325:1328 arg2 clusters 1291:1298 similarity clusters 1280:1298 similarity clusters 1280:1298 Factors from principal component analysis were used to create similarity clusters, which were subsequently used in a multivariate logistic regression. 28318588 12 2 theme OS 1664:1665 arg1 patterns 1652:1659 distribution patterns 1639:1659 distribution patterns of OS for the study sample 1639:1686 Two clusters described distribution patterns of OS for the study sample; when median OS abundance was compared between the 2 clusters, we found that overall OS relative abundance was consistently greater in the cluster dominated by beef cows. 28318588 13 3 theme structures 1878:1887 arg1 several 1863:1869 several 1863:1869 several 1863:1869 For several of the structures, including those with known prebiotic effect, the difference in abundance was 2- to 4-fold greater in the beef-dominated cluster. 28318588 10 4 theme unique 1474:1479 arg1 times 1491:1495 unique retention times 1474:1495 unique retention times 1474:1495 In total, 30 OS were identified in early-lactation cow milk, including 21 distinct OS and 9 isomers with unique retention times. 28318588 7 5 theme total 1014:1018 arg1 solids 1020:1025 total solids 1014:1025 total solids 1014:1025 Subsequently, each milk sample was assessed for total solids, pH, and OS content and relative abundance. 28318588 9 6 theme logistic 1348:1355 arg1 regression 1357:1366 a multivariate logistic regression 1333:1366 a multivariate logistic regression 1333:1366 Factors from principal component analysis were used to create similarity clusters, which were subsequently used in a multivariate logistic regression. 28318588 5 7 theme Early-lactation 754:768 arg1 cows 782:785 Early-lactation multiparous cows 754:785 Early-lactation multiparous cows (5-12 d in milk) from 5 commercial Holstein dairy herds and 5 Angus or Angus hybrid beef herds 754:880 Early-lactation multiparous cows (5-12 d in milk) from 5 commercial Holstein dairy herds and 5 Angus or Angus hybrid beef herds were sampled once. 28318588 8 8 theme Oligosaccharide 1071:1085 arg1 diversity 1087:1095 Oligosaccharide diversity 1071:1095 Oligosaccharide diversity 1071:1095 Oligosaccharide diversity and abundance within and between samples was transformed through principal component analysis to reduce data complexity. 28318588 14 9 theme standard 2069:2076 arg1 gold 2064:2067 the gold 2060:2067 the gold standard for cattle 2060:2087 Assuming that beef OS content in milk is the gold standard for cattle, it is likely that preweaning dairy calves are deprived of dietary-source OS. 28318588 14 9 theme standard 2069:2076 arg1 content 2041:2047 beef OS content 2033:2047 beef OS content in milk 2033:2055 Assuming that beef OS content in milk is the gold standard for cattle, it is likely that preweaning dairy calves are deprived of dietary-source OS. 28318588 10 10 with isomers 1461:1467 arg1 times 1491:1495 unique retention times 1474:1495 unique retention times 1474:1495 In total, 30 OS were identified in early-lactation cow milk, including 21 distinct OS and 9 isomers with unique retention times. 28318588 2 11 from content 346:352 arg1 milk 370:373 dairy-source milk 357:373 dairy-source milk 357:373 Although there is some information describing OS content in dairy-source milk, no information is available to describe the OS content of beef-source milk. 28318588 8 12 theme component 1172:1180 arg1 analysis 1182:1189 principal component analysis 1162:1189 principal component analysis 1162:1189 Oligosaccharide diversity and abundance within and between samples was transformed through principal component analysis to reduce data complexity. 28318588 14 13 theme beef 2033:2036 arg1 gold 2064:2067 the gold 2060:2067 the gold standard for cattle 2060:2087 Assuming that beef OS content in milk is the gold standard for cattle, it is likely that preweaning dairy calves are deprived of dietary-source OS. 28318588 14 13 theme beef 2033:2036 arg1 content 2041:2047 beef OS content 2033:2047 beef OS content in milk 2033:2055 Assuming that beef OS content in milk is the gold standard for cattle, it is likely that preweaning dairy calves are deprived of dietary-source OS. 28318588 3 14 theme calf 534:537 arg1 survivability 539:551 calf survivability 534:551 calf survivability 534:551 Given the different trait emphasis between dairy and beef for milk production and calf survivability, it is plausible that OS composition, diversity, and abundance differ between production types. 28318588 5 15 theme 5-12 788:791 arg1 d 793:793 5-12 d 788:793 5-12 d in milk 788:801 Early-lactation multiparous cows (5-12 d in milk) from 5 commercial Holstein dairy herds and 5 Angus or Angus hybrid beef herds were sampled once. 28318588 14 16 from content 2041:2047 arg1 milk 2052:2055 milk 2052:2055 milk 2052:2055 Assuming that beef OS content in milk is the gold standard for cattle, it is likely that preweaning dairy calves are deprived of dietary-source OS. 28318588 5 17 from d 793:793 arg1 milk 798:801 milk 798:801 milk 798:801 Early-lactation multiparous cows (5-12 d in milk) from 5 commercial Holstein dairy herds and 5 Angus or Angus hybrid beef herds were sampled once. 28318588 8 18 theme data 1201:1204 arg1 complexity 1206:1215 data complexity 1201:1215 data complexity 1201:1215 Oligosaccharide diversity and abundance within and between samples was transformed through principal component analysis to reduce data complexity. 28318588 13 19 from difference 1939:1948 arg1 abundance 1953:1961 abundance 1953:1961 abundance 1953:1961 For several of the structures, including those with known prebiotic effect, the difference in abundance was 2- to 4-fold greater in the beef-dominated cluster. 28318588 15 20 theme OS 2312:2313 arg1 abundance 2315:2323 OS abundance 2312:2323 OS abundance 2312:2323 Although supplementing rations with OS is an approach to rectify this deficiency, understanding the health and productivity effects of improving OS abundance being fed to preweaning calves is a necessary next step before recommending supplementation. 28318588 11 21 located present 1551:1557 arg1 samples 1577:1583 all individual samples 1562:1583 all individual samples 1562:1583 The majority of OS detected in the milk samples were present in all individual samples regardless of production type. 28318588 11 21 located present 1551:1557 arg2 majority 1502:1509 The majority 1498:1509 The majority of OS detected in the milk samples 1498:1544 The majority of OS detected in the milk samples were present in all individual samples regardless of production type. 28318588 11 21 located present 1551:1557 arg2 present 1551:1557 present 1551:1557 present 1551:1557 The majority of OS detected in the milk samples were present in all individual samples regardless of production type. 28318588 0 22 theme oligosaccharides 53:68 arg1 diversity 25:33 diversity 25:33 diversity 25:33 Comparative composition, diversity, and abundance of oligosaccharides in early lactation milk from commercial dairy and beef cows. 28318588 0 22 theme oligosaccharides 53:68 arg1 abundance 40:48 abundance 40:48 abundance 40:48 Comparative composition, diversity, and abundance of oligosaccharides in early lactation milk from commercial dairy and beef cows. 28318588 0 22 theme oligosaccharides 53:68 arg1 composition 12:22 Comparative composition 0:22 Comparative composition 0:22 Comparative composition, diversity, and abundance of oligosaccharides in early lactation milk from commercial dairy and beef cows. 28318588 15 23 theme productivity 2278:2289 arg1 effects 2291:2297 the health and productivity effects 2263:2297 effects 2291:2297 Although supplementing rations with OS is an approach to rectify this deficiency, understanding the health and productivity effects of improving OS abundance being fed to preweaning calves is a necessary next step before recommending supplementation. 28318588 5 24 theme Holstein 822:829 arg1 herds 837:841 5 commercial Holstein dairy herds 809:841 5 commercial Holstein dairy herds 809:841 Early-lactation multiparous cows (5-12 d in milk) from 5 commercial Holstein dairy herds and 5 Angus or Angus hybrid beef herds were sampled once. 28318588 14 25 theme dietary-source 2148:2161 arg1 OS 2163:2164 dietary-source OS 2148:2164 dietary-source OS 2148:2164 Assuming that beef OS content in milk is the gold standard for cattle, it is likely that preweaning dairy calves are deprived of dietary-source OS. 28318588 0 26 theme early 73:77 arg1 milk 89:92 early lactation milk 73:92 early lactation milk from commercial dairy and beef cows 73:128 Comparative composition, diversity, and abundance of oligosaccharides in early lactation milk from commercial dairy and beef cows. 28318588 15 27 theme health 2267:2272 arg1 effects 2291:2297 the health and productivity effects 2263:2297 effects 2291:2297 Although supplementing rations with OS is an approach to rectify this deficiency, understanding the health and productivity effects of improving OS abundance being fed to preweaning calves is a necessary next step before recommending supplementation. 28318588 1 28 theme dietary 160:166 arg1 ingredients 168:178 nondigestible dietary ingredients 146:178 nondigestible dietary ingredients 146:178 Prebiotics are nondigestible dietary ingredients, usually oligosaccharides (OS), that provide a health benefit to the host by directly modulating the gut microbiota. 28318588 1 28 theme dietary 160:166 arg1 oligosaccharides 189:204 oligosaccharides 189:204 oligosaccharides (OS) 189:209 Prebiotics are nondigestible dietary ingredients, usually oligosaccharides (OS), that provide a health benefit to the host by directly modulating the gut microbiota. 28318588 1 28 theme dietary 160:166 arg1 Prebiotics 131:140 Prebiotics 131:140 Prebiotics 131:140 Prebiotics are nondigestible dietary ingredients, usually oligosaccharides (OS), that provide a health benefit to the host by directly modulating the gut microbiota. 28318588 11 29 from samples 1577:1583 arg1 majority 1502:1509 The majority 1498:1509 The majority of OS detected in the milk samples 1498:1544 The majority of OS detected in the milk samples were present in all individual samples regardless of production type. 28318588 11 29 from samples 1577:1583 arg1 present 1551:1557 present 1551:1557 present 1551:1557 The majority of OS detected in the milk samples were present in all individual samples regardless of production type. 28318588 4 30 theme dairy 714:718 arg1 cows 729:732 commercial dairy and beef cows 703:732 commercial dairy and beef cows in early lactation 703:751 The goal of this study was to compare OS in milk from commercial dairy and beef cows in early lactation. 28318588 13 31 theme known 1911:1915 arg1 effect 1927:1932 known prebiotic effect 1911:1932 known prebiotic effect 1911:1932 For several of the structures, including those with known prebiotic effect, the difference in abundance was 2- to 4-fold greater in the beef-dominated cluster. 28318588 15 32 theme next 2371:2374 arg1 step 2376:2379 a necessary next step 2359:2379 a necessary next step before recommending supplementation 2359:2415 Although supplementing rations with OS is an approach to rectify this deficiency, understanding the health and productivity effects of improving OS abundance being fed to preweaning calves is a necessary next step before recommending supplementation. 28318588 0 33 from abundance 40:48 arg1 cows 125:128 commercial dairy and beef cows 99:128 commercial dairy and beef cows 99:128 Comparative composition, diversity, and abundance of oligosaccharides in early lactation milk from commercial dairy and beef cows. 28318588 0 33 from abundance 40:48 arg1 milk 89:92 early lactation milk 73:92 early lactation milk from commercial dairy and beef cows 73:128 Comparative composition, diversity, and abundance of oligosaccharides in early lactation milk from commercial dairy and beef cows. 28318588 4 34 theme beef 724:727 arg1 cows 729:732 commercial dairy and beef cows 703:732 commercial dairy and beef cows in early lactation 703:751 The goal of this study was to compare OS in milk from commercial dairy and beef cows in early lactation. 28318588 0 35 theme commercial 99:108 arg1 cows 125:128 commercial dairy and beef cows 99:128 commercial dairy and beef cows 99:128 Comparative composition, diversity, and abundance of oligosaccharides in early lactation milk from commercial dairy and beef cows. 28318588 9 36 theme principal 1231:1239 arg1 analysis 1251:1258 principal component analysis 1231:1258 principal component analysis 1231:1258 Factors from principal component analysis were used to create similarity clusters, which were subsequently used in a multivariate logistic regression. 28318588 12 37 theme overall 1765:1771 arg1 abundance 1785:1793 overall OS relative abundance 1765:1793 overall OS relative abundance 1765:1793 Two clusters described distribution patterns of OS for the study sample; when median OS abundance was compared between the 2 clusters, we found that overall OS relative abundance was consistently greater in the cluster dominated by beef cows. 28318588 11 38 from present 1551:1557 arg1 samples 1577:1583 all individual samples 1562:1583 all individual samples 1562:1583 The majority of OS detected in the milk samples were present in all individual samples regardless of production type. 28318588 14 39 theme preweaning 2108:2117 arg1 calves 2125:2130 preweaning dairy calves 2108:2130 preweaning dairy calves 2108:2130 Assuming that beef OS content in milk is the gold standard for cattle, it is likely that preweaning dairy calves are deprived of dietary-source OS. 28318588 0 40 theme Comparative 0:10 arg1 composition 12:22 Comparative composition 0:22 Comparative composition 0:22 Comparative composition, diversity, and abundance of oligosaccharides in early lactation milk from commercial dairy and beef cows. 28318588 12 41 theme relative 1776:1783 arg1 abundance 1785:1793 overall OS relative abundance 1765:1793 overall OS relative abundance 1765:1793 Two clusters described distribution patterns of OS for the study sample; when median OS abundance was compared between the 2 clusters, we found that overall OS relative abundance was consistently greater in the cluster dominated by beef cows. 28318588 5 42 theme hybrid 864:869 arg1 herds 876:880 5 Angus or Angus hybrid beef herds 847:880 5 Angus or Angus hybrid beef herds 847:880 Early-lactation multiparous cows (5-12 d in milk) from 5 commercial Holstein dairy herds and 5 Angus or Angus hybrid beef herds were sampled once. 28318588 10 43 theme cow 1420:1422 arg1 milk 1424:1427 early-lactation cow milk 1404:1427 early-lactation cow milk 1404:1427 In total, 30 OS were identified in early-lactation cow milk, including 21 distinct OS and 9 isomers with unique retention times. 28318588 11 44 theme production 1599:1608 arg1 type 1610:1613 production type 1599:1613 production type 1599:1613 The majority of OS detected in the milk samples were present in all individual samples regardless of production type. 28318588 7 45 theme OS 1036:1037 arg1 content 1039:1045 OS content 1036:1045 OS content 1036:1045 Subsequently, each milk sample was assessed for total solids, pH, and OS content and relative abundance. 28318588 1 46 theme gut 281:283 arg1 microbiota 285:294 the gut microbiota 277:294 the gut microbiota 277:294 Prebiotics are nondigestible dietary ingredients, usually oligosaccharides (OS), that provide a health benefit to the host by directly modulating the gut microbiota. 28318588 2 47 theme beef-source 434:444 arg1 milk 446:449 beef-source milk 434:449 beef-source milk 434:449 Although there is some information describing OS content in dairy-source milk, no information is available to describe the OS content of beef-source milk. 28318588 3 48 theme different 462:470 arg1 emphasis 478:485 the different trait emphasis 458:485 the different trait emphasis between dairy and beef for milk production and calf survivability 458:551 Given the different trait emphasis between dairy and beef for milk production and calf survivability, it is plausible that OS composition, diversity, and abundance differ between production types. 28318588 16 49 theme OS 2506:2507 arg1 diversity 2509:2517 OS diversity 2506:2517 OS diversity 2506:2517 These studies should account for the observation that OS products are variable for both OS diversity and structural complexity, and some products may not be suitable as prebiotics. 28318588 5 50 from herds 876:880 arg1 cows 782:785 Early-lactation multiparous cows 754:785 Early-lactation multiparous cows (5-12 d in milk) from 5 commercial Holstein dairy herds and 5 Angus or Angus hybrid beef herds 754:880 Early-lactation multiparous cows (5-12 d in milk) from 5 commercial Holstein dairy herds and 5 Angus or Angus hybrid beef herds were sampled once. 28318588 15 51 theme supplementing 2176:2188 arg1 approach 2212:2219 an approach 2209:2219 an approach to rectify this deficiency 2209:2246 Although supplementing rations with OS is an approach to rectify this deficiency, understanding the health and productivity effects of improving OS abundance being fed to preweaning calves is a necessary next step before recommending supplementation. 28318588 15 51 theme supplementing 2176:2188 arg1 rations 2190:2196 supplementing rations 2176:2196 supplementing rations with OS 2176:2204 Although supplementing rations with OS is an approach to rectify this deficiency, understanding the health and productivity effects of improving OS abundance being fed to preweaning calves is a necessary next step before recommending supplementation. 28318588 0 52 from cows 125:128 arg1 diversity 25:33 diversity 25:33 diversity 25:33 Comparative composition, diversity, and abundance of oligosaccharides in early lactation milk from commercial dairy and beef cows. 28318588 0 52 from cows 125:128 arg1 abundance 40:48 abundance 40:48 abundance 40:48 Comparative composition, diversity, and abundance of oligosaccharides in early lactation milk from commercial dairy and beef cows. 28318588 0 52 from cows 125:128 arg1 composition 12:22 Comparative composition 0:22 Comparative composition 0:22 Comparative composition, diversity, and abundance of oligosaccharides in early lactation milk from commercial dairy and beef cows. 28318588 0 52 from cows 125:128 arg1 milk 89:92 early lactation milk 73:92 early lactation milk from commercial dairy and beef cows 73:128 Comparative composition, diversity, and abundance of oligosaccharides in early lactation milk from commercial dairy and beef cows. 28318588 10 53 theme 9 1459:1459 arg1 isomers 1461:1467 21 distinct OS and 9 isomers 1440:1467 21 distinct OS and 9 isomers with unique retention times 1440:1495 In total, 30 OS were identified in early-lactation cow milk, including 21 distinct OS and 9 isomers with unique retention times. 28318588 3 54 theme production 631:640 arg1 types 642:646 production types 631:646 production types 631:646 Given the different trait emphasis between dairy and beef for milk production and calf survivability, it is plausible that OS composition, diversity, and abundance differ between production types. 28318588 11 55 attach present 1551:1557 arg1 samples 1577:1583 all individual samples 1562:1583 all individual samples 1562:1583 The majority of OS detected in the milk samples were present in all individual samples regardless of production type. 28318588 11 55 attach present 1551:1557 arg2 majority 1502:1509 The majority 1498:1509 The majority of OS detected in the milk samples 1498:1544 The majority of OS detected in the milk samples were present in all individual samples regardless of production type. 28318588 11 55 attach present 1551:1557 arg2 present 1551:1557 present 1551:1557 present 1551:1557 The majority of OS detected in the milk samples were present in all individual samples regardless of production type. 28318588 12 56 theme median 1694:1699 arg1 abundance 1704:1712 median OS abundance 1694:1712 median OS abundance 1694:1712 Two clusters described distribution patterns of OS for the study sample; when median OS abundance was compared between the 2 clusters, we found that overall OS relative abundance was consistently greater in the cluster dominated by beef cows. 28318588 10 57 theme OS 1452:1453 arg1 isomers 1461:1467 21 distinct OS and 9 isomers 1440:1467 21 distinct OS and 9 isomers with unique retention times 1440:1495 In total, 30 OS were identified in early-lactation cow milk, including 21 distinct OS and 9 isomers with unique retention times. 28318588 11 58 theme OS 1514:1515 arg1 majority 1502:1509 The majority 1498:1509 The majority of OS detected in the milk samples 1498:1544 The majority of OS detected in the milk samples were present in all individual samples regardless of production type. 28318588 11 58 theme OS 1514:1515 arg1 present 1551:1557 present 1551:1557 present 1551:1557 The majority of OS detected in the milk samples were present in all individual samples regardless of production type. 28318588 2 59 theme OS 343:344 arg1 content 346:352 OS content 343:352 OS content in dairy-source milk 343:373 Although there is some information describing OS content in dairy-source milk, no information is available to describe the OS content of beef-source milk. 28318588 5 60 dep cows 782:785 arg1 d 793:793 5-12 d 788:793 5-12 d in milk 788:801 Early-lactation multiparous cows (5-12 d in milk) from 5 commercial Holstein dairy herds and 5 Angus or Angus hybrid beef herds were sampled once. 28318588 10 61 theme retention 1481:1489 arg1 times 1491:1495 unique retention times 1474:1495 unique retention times 1474:1495 In total, 30 OS were identified in early-lactation cow milk, including 21 distinct OS and 9 isomers with unique retention times. 28318588 11 62 theme milk 1533:1536 arg1 samples 1538:1544 the milk samples 1529:1544 the milk samples 1529:1544 The majority of OS detected in the milk samples were present in all individual samples regardless of production type. 28318588 3 63 theme milk 514:517 arg1 production 519:528 milk production 514:528 milk production 514:528 Given the different trait emphasis between dairy and beef for milk production and calf survivability, it is plausible that OS composition, diversity, and abundance differ between production types. 28318588 9 64 theme multivariate 1335:1346 arg1 regression 1357:1366 a multivariate logistic regression 1333:1366 a multivariate logistic regression 1333:1366 Factors from principal component analysis were used to create similarity clusters, which were subsequently used in a multivariate logistic regression. 28318588 12 65 theme study 1675:1679 arg1 sample 1681:1686 the study sample 1671:1686 the study sample 1671:1686 Two clusters described distribution patterns of OS for the study sample; when median OS abundance was compared between the 2 clusters, we found that overall OS relative abundance was consistently greater in the cluster dominated by beef cows. 28318588 5 66 theme dairy 831:835 arg1 herds 837:841 5 commercial Holstein dairy herds 809:841 5 commercial Holstein dairy herds 809:841 Early-lactation multiparous cows (5-12 d in milk) from 5 commercial Holstein dairy herds and 5 Angus or Angus hybrid beef herds were sampled once. 28318588 13 67 dep 2- 1967:1968 arg1 to 1970:1971 to 1970:1971 to 1970:1971 For several of the structures, including those with known prebiotic effect, the difference in abundance was 2- to 4-fold greater in the beef-dominated cluster. 28318588 11 68 theme individual 1566:1575 arg1 samples 1577:1583 all individual samples 1562:1583 all individual samples 1562:1583 The majority of OS detected in the milk samples were present in all individual samples regardless of production type. 28318588 12 69 theme distribution 1639:1650 arg1 patterns 1652:1659 distribution patterns 1639:1659 distribution patterns of OS for the study sample 1639:1686 Two clusters described distribution patterns of OS for the study sample; when median OS abundance was compared between the 2 clusters, we found that overall OS relative abundance was consistently greater in the cluster dominated by beef cows. 28318588 7 70 theme milk 985:988 arg1 sample 990:995 each milk sample 980:995 each milk sample 980:995 Subsequently, each milk sample was assessed for total solids, pH, and OS content and relative abundance. 28318588 12 71 theme beef 1848:1851 arg1 cows 1853:1856 beef cows 1848:1856 beef cows 1848:1856 Two clusters described distribution patterns of OS for the study sample; when median OS abundance was compared between the 2 clusters, we found that overall OS relative abundance was consistently greater in the cluster dominated by beef cows. 28318588 14 72 theme OS 2038:2039 arg1 gold 2064:2067 the gold 2060:2067 the gold standard for cattle 2060:2087 Assuming that beef OS content in milk is the gold standard for cattle, it is likely that preweaning dairy calves are deprived of dietary-source OS. 28318588 14 72 theme OS 2038:2039 arg1 content 2041:2047 beef OS content 2033:2047 beef OS content in milk 2033:2055 Assuming that beef OS content in milk is the gold standard for cattle, it is likely that preweaning dairy calves are deprived of dietary-source OS. 28318588 0 73 theme beef 120:123 arg1 cows 125:128 commercial dairy and beef cows 99:128 commercial dairy and beef cows 99:128 Comparative composition, diversity, and abundance of oligosaccharides in early lactation milk from commercial dairy and beef cows. 28318588 8 74 theme principal 1162:1170 arg1 analysis 1182:1189 principal component analysis 1162:1189 principal component analysis 1162:1189 Oligosaccharide diversity and abundance within and between samples was transformed through principal component analysis to reduce data complexity. 28318588 9 75 used used 1265:1268 arg2 Factors 1218:1224 Factors 1218:1224 Factors from principal component analysis 1218:1258 Factors from principal component analysis were used to create similarity clusters, which were subsequently used in a multivariate logistic regression. 28318588 13 76 theme beef-dominated 1995:2008 arg1 cluster 2010:2016 the beef-dominated cluster 1991:2016 the beef-dominated cluster 1991:2016 For several of the structures, including those with known prebiotic effect, the difference in abundance was 2- to 4-fold greater in the beef-dominated cluster. 28318588 15 77 theme preweaning 2338:2347 arg1 calves 2349:2354 preweaning calves 2338:2354 preweaning calves 2338:2354 Although supplementing rations with OS is an approach to rectify this deficiency, understanding the health and productivity effects of improving OS abundance being fed to preweaning calves is a necessary next step before recommending supplementation. 28318588 4 78 theme study 666:670 arg1 goal 653:656 The goal 649:656 The goal of this study 649:670 The goal of this study was to compare OS in milk from commercial dairy and beef cows in early lactation. 28318588 15 79 theme recommending 2388:2399 arg1 supplementation 2401:2415 recommending supplementation 2388:2415 recommending supplementation 2388:2415 Although supplementing rations with OS is an approach to rectify this deficiency, understanding the health and productivity effects of improving OS abundance being fed to preweaning calves is a necessary next step before recommending supplementation. 28318588 5 80 theme Angus 849:853 arg1 herds 876:880 5 Angus or Angus hybrid beef herds 847:880 5 Angus or Angus hybrid beef herds 847:880 Early-lactation multiparous cows (5-12 d in milk) from 5 commercial Holstein dairy herds and 5 Angus or Angus hybrid beef herds were sampled once. 28318588 11 81 located detected 1517:1524 arg1 samples 1538:1544 the milk samples 1529:1544 the milk samples 1529:1544 The majority of OS detected in the milk samples were present in all individual samples regardless of production type. 28318588 11 81 located detected 1517:1524 arg2 OS 1514:1515 OS 1514:1515 OS detected in the milk samples 1514:1544 The majority of OS detected in the milk samples were present in all individual samples regardless of production type. 28318588 3 82 theme OS 575:576 arg1 composition 578:588 OS composition 575:588 OS composition 575:588 Given the different trait emphasis between dairy and beef for milk production and calf survivability, it is plausible that OS composition, diversity, and abundance differ between production types. 28318588 5 83 theme commercial 811:820 arg1 herds 837:841 5 commercial Holstein dairy herds 809:841 5 commercial Holstein dairy herds 809:841 Early-lactation multiparous cows (5-12 d in milk) from 5 commercial Holstein dairy herds and 5 Angus or Angus hybrid beef herds were sampled once. 28318588 6 84 theme enrolled 929:936 arg1 cow 938:940 each enrolled cow 924:940 each enrolled cow 924:940 Milk was obtained from each enrolled cow and frozen on the farm. 28318588 0 85 from diversity 25:33 arg1 cows 125:128 commercial dairy and beef cows 99:128 commercial dairy and beef cows 99:128 Comparative composition, diversity, and abundance of oligosaccharides in early lactation milk from commercial dairy and beef cows. 28318588 0 85 from diversity 25:33 arg1 milk 89:92 early lactation milk 73:92 early lactation milk from commercial dairy and beef cows 73:128 Comparative composition, diversity, and abundance of oligosaccharides in early lactation milk from commercial dairy and beef cows. 28318588 14 86 theme OS 2163:2164 arg1 deprived 2136:2143 deprived 2136:2143 deprived 2136:2143 Assuming that beef OS content in milk is the gold standard for cattle, it is likely that preweaning dairy calves are deprived of dietary-source OS. 28318588 0 87 theme lactation 79:87 arg1 milk 89:92 early lactation milk 73:92 early lactation milk from commercial dairy and beef cows 73:128 Comparative composition, diversity, and abundance of oligosaccharides in early lactation milk from commercial dairy and beef cows. 28318588 4 88 from cows 729:732 arg1 milk 693:696 milk 693:696 milk from commercial dairy and beef cows in early lactation 693:751 The goal of this study was to compare OS in milk from commercial dairy and beef cows in early lactation. 28318588 4 88 from cows 729:732 arg1 lactation 743:751 early lactation 737:751 early lactation 737:751 The goal of this study was to compare OS in milk from commercial dairy and beef cows in early lactation. 28318588 1 89 theme nondigestible 146:158 arg1 ingredients 168:178 nondigestible dietary ingredients 146:178 nondigestible dietary ingredients 146:178 Prebiotics are nondigestible dietary ingredients, usually oligosaccharides (OS), that provide a health benefit to the host by directly modulating the gut microbiota. 28318588 1 89 theme nondigestible 146:158 arg1 oligosaccharides 189:204 oligosaccharides 189:204 oligosaccharides (OS) 189:209 Prebiotics are nondigestible dietary ingredients, usually oligosaccharides (OS), that provide a health benefit to the host by directly modulating the gut microbiota. 28318588 1 89 theme nondigestible 146:158 arg1 Prebiotics 131:140 Prebiotics 131:140 Prebiotics 131:140 Prebiotics are nondigestible dietary ingredients, usually oligosaccharides (OS), that provide a health benefit to the host by directly modulating the gut microbiota. 28318588 0 90 from composition 12:22 arg1 cows 125:128 commercial dairy and beef cows 99:128 commercial dairy and beef cows 99:128 Comparative composition, diversity, and abundance of oligosaccharides in early lactation milk from commercial dairy and beef cows. 28318588 0 90 from composition 12:22 arg1 milk 89:92 early lactation milk 73:92 early lactation milk from commercial dairy and beef cows 73:128 Comparative composition, diversity, and abundance of oligosaccharides in early lactation milk from commercial dairy and beef cows. 28318588 5 91 from herds 837:841 arg1 cows 782:785 Early-lactation multiparous cows 754:785 Early-lactation multiparous cows (5-12 d in milk) from 5 commercial Holstein dairy herds and 5 Angus or Angus hybrid beef herds 754:880 Early-lactation multiparous cows (5-12 d in milk) from 5 commercial Holstein dairy herds and 5 Angus or Angus hybrid beef herds were sampled once. 28318588 4 92 theme commercial 703:712 arg1 cows 729:732 commercial dairy and beef cows 703:732 commercial dairy and beef cows in early lactation 703:751 The goal of this study was to compare OS in milk from commercial dairy and beef cows in early lactation. 28318588 0 93 theme dairy 110:114 arg1 cows 125:128 commercial dairy and beef cows 99:128 commercial dairy and beef cows 99:128 Comparative composition, diversity, and abundance of oligosaccharides in early lactation milk from commercial dairy and beef cows. 28318588 13 94 theme prebiotic 1917:1925 arg1 effect 1927:1932 known prebiotic effect 1911:1932 known prebiotic effect 1911:1932 For several of the structures, including those with known prebiotic effect, the difference in abundance was 2- to 4-fold greater in the beef-dominated cluster. 28318588 12 95 theme OS 1773:1774 arg1 abundance 1785:1793 overall OS relative abundance 1765:1793 overall OS relative abundance 1765:1793 Two clusters described distribution patterns of OS for the study sample; when median OS abundance was compared between the 2 clusters, we found that overall OS relative abundance was consistently greater in the cluster dominated by beef cows. 28318588 14 96 theme dairy 2119:2123 arg1 calves 2125:2130 preweaning dairy calves 2108:2130 preweaning dairy calves 2108:2130 Assuming that beef OS content in milk is the gold standard for cattle, it is likely that preweaning dairy calves are deprived of dietary-source OS. 28318588 7 97 theme relative 1051:1058 arg1 abundance 1060:1068 relative abundance 1051:1068 relative abundance 1051:1068 Subsequently, each milk sample was assessed for total solids, pH, and OS content and relative abundance. 28318588 9 98 theme component 1241:1249 arg1 analysis 1251:1258 principal component analysis 1231:1258 principal component analysis 1231:1258 Factors from principal component analysis were used to create similarity clusters, which were subsequently used in a multivariate logistic regression. 28318588 9 99 from analysis 1251:1258 arg1 Factors 1218:1224 Factors 1218:1224 Factors from principal component analysis 1218:1258 Factors from principal component analysis were used to create similarity clusters, which were subsequently used in a multivariate logistic regression. 28318588 15 100 theme necessary 2361:2369 arg1 step 2376:2379 a necessary next step 2359:2379 a necessary next step before recommending supplementation 2359:2415 Although supplementing rations with OS is an approach to rectify this deficiency, understanding the health and productivity effects of improving OS abundance being fed to preweaning calves is a necessary next step before recommending supplementation. 28318588 5 101 theme Angus 858:862 arg1 herds 876:880 5 Angus or Angus hybrid beef herds 847:880 5 Angus or Angus hybrid beef herds 847:880 Early-lactation multiparous cows (5-12 d in milk) from 5 commercial Holstein dairy herds and 5 Angus or Angus hybrid beef herds were sampled once. 28318588 2 102 theme OS 420:421 arg1 content 423:429 the OS content 416:429 the OS content of beef-source milk 416:449 Although there is some information describing OS content in dairy-source milk, no information is available to describe the OS content of beef-source milk. 28318588 16 103 theme structural 2523:2532 arg1 complexity 2534:2543 structural complexity 2523:2543 structural complexity 2523:2543 These studies should account for the observation that OS products are variable for both OS diversity and structural complexity, and some products may not be suitable as prebiotics. 28318588 2 104 theme dairy-source 357:368 arg1 milk 370:373 dairy-source milk 357:373 dairy-source milk 357:373 Although there is some information describing OS content in dairy-source milk, no information is available to describe the OS content of beef-source milk. 28318588 5 105 theme multiparous 770:780 arg1 cows 782:785 Early-lactation multiparous cows 754:785 Early-lactation multiparous cows (5-12 d in milk) from 5 commercial Holstein dairy herds and 5 Angus or Angus hybrid beef herds 754:880 Early-lactation multiparous cows (5-12 d in milk) from 5 commercial Holstein dairy herds and 5 Angus or Angus hybrid beef herds were sampled once. 28318588 5 106 theme beef 871:874 arg1 herds 876:880 5 Angus or Angus hybrid beef herds 847:880 5 Angus or Angus hybrid beef herds 847:880 Early-lactation multiparous cows (5-12 d in milk) from 5 commercial Holstein dairy herds and 5 Angus or Angus hybrid beef herds were sampled once. 28318588 10 107 theme early-lactation 1404:1418 arg1 milk 1424:1427 early-lactation cow milk 1404:1427 early-lactation cow milk 1404:1427 In total, 30 OS were identified in early-lactation cow milk, including 21 distinct OS and 9 isomers with unique retention times. 28318588 2 108 theme milk 446:449 arg1 content 423:429 the OS content 416:429 the OS content of beef-source milk 416:449 Although there is some information describing OS content in dairy-source milk, no information is available to describe the OS content of beef-source milk. 28318588 9 109 theme similarity 1280:1289 arg1 clusters 1291:1298 similarity clusters 1280:1298 similarity clusters 1280:1298 Factors from principal component analysis were used to create similarity clusters, which were subsequently used in a multivariate logistic regression. 28318588 12 110 theme OS 1701:1702 arg1 abundance 1704:1712 median OS abundance 1694:1712 median OS abundance 1694:1712 Two clusters described distribution patterns of OS for the study sample; when median OS abundance was compared between the 2 clusters, we found that overall OS relative abundance was consistently greater in the cluster dominated by beef cows. 28318588 16 111 theme OS 2472:2473 arg1 products 2475:2482 OS products 2472:2482 OS products 2472:2482 These studies should account for the observation that OS products are variable for both OS diversity and structural complexity, and some products may not be suitable as prebiotics. 28318588 3 112 theme trait 472:476 arg1 emphasis 478:485 the different trait emphasis 458:485 the different trait emphasis between dairy and beef for milk production and calf survivability 458:551 Given the different trait emphasis between dairy and beef for milk production and calf survivability, it is plausible that OS composition, diversity, and abundance differ between production types. 28318588 15 113 with rations 2190:2196 arg1 OS 2203:2204 OS 2203:2204 OS 2203:2204 Although supplementing rations with OS is an approach to rectify this deficiency, understanding the health and productivity effects of improving OS abundance being fed to preweaning calves is a necessary next step before recommending supplementation. 28318588 4 114 theme early 737:741 arg1 lactation 743:751 early lactation 737:751 early lactation 737:751 The goal of this study was to compare OS in milk from commercial dairy and beef cows in early lactation. 28318588 1 115 theme health 227:232 arg1 benefit 234:240 a health benefit 225:240 a health benefit 225:240 Prebiotics are nondigestible dietary ingredients, usually oligosaccharides (OS), that provide a health benefit to the host by directly modulating the gut microbiota. 26155720 1 0 theme full-thickness 154:167 arg1 skin 169:172 a full-thickness skin 152:172 a full-thickness skin 152:172 A tri-layered chitosan-based scaffold was successfully made to replicate the striation of a full-thickness skin more accurately than a single- or bi-layered scaffold, which needed weeks of co-culturing of fibroblasts and keratinocytes to achieve similar striation. 26155720 7 1 theme fibroblast 1052:1061 arg1 cells 1063:1067 The fibroblast cells 1048:1067 The fibroblast cells seeded on both sides of the scaffolds 1048:1105 The fibroblast cells seeded on both sides of the scaffolds were able to proliferate and stayed separated by the thin film. 26155720 7 1 theme fibroblast 1052:1061 arg1 able 1112:1115 able 1112:1115 able 1112:1115 The fibroblast cells seeded on both sides of the scaffolds were able to proliferate and stayed separated by the thin film. 26155720 3 2 theme thin 515:518 arg1 film 520:523 a thin film 513:523 a thin film 513:523 Chitosan or chitosan-pectin in acetic acid solution was electrospun onto the chitosan disk to form a nanofibrous layer and a thin film. 26155720 1 3 theme co-culturing 251:262 arg1 weeks 242:246 weeks 242:246 weeks of co-culturing of fibroblasts and keratinocytes 242:295 A tri-layered chitosan-based scaffold was successfully made to replicate the striation of a full-thickness skin more accurately than a single- or bi-layered scaffold, which needed weeks of co-culturing of fibroblasts and keratinocytes to achieve similar striation. 26155720 6 4 theme 14-day 1021:1026 arg1 tests 1041:1045 the 14-day cell culture tests 1017:1045 the 14-day cell culture tests 1017:1045 The composite was able to quickly absorb water and stayed intact throughout the course of the 14-day cell culture tests. 26155720 5 5 theme chitosan 901:908 arg1 p < 0.01 916:923 p < 0.01 916:923 p < 0.01 916:923 The tensile strength and modulus of the composite scaffold were significantly higher than those of the chitosan disk (p < 0.01). 26155720 5 5 theme chitosan 901:908 arg1 disk 910:913 the chitosan disk 897:913 the chitosan disk (p < 0.01) 897:924 The tensile strength and modulus of the composite scaffold were significantly higher than those of the chitosan disk (p < 0.01). 26155720 4 6 theme basement 702:709 arg1 membrane 711:718 the basement membrane 698:718 the basement membrane 698:718 Examinations based on scanning electron spectroscopy showed that the scaffold was composed of a porous layer (2 mm) to simulate the dermis, a thin film (25-45 μm) to mimic the basement membrane, and a layer of nanofibers (100-200 μm) to serve as the protective epidermis. 26155720 7 7 theme thin 1160:1163 arg1 film 1165:1168 the thin film 1156:1168 the thin film 1156:1168 The fibroblast cells seeded on both sides of the scaffolds were able to proliferate and stayed separated by the thin film. 26155720 5 8 theme composite 838:846 arg1 scaffold 848:855 the composite scaffold 834:855 the composite scaffold 834:855 The tensile strength and modulus of the composite scaffold were significantly higher than those of the chitosan disk (p < 0.01). 26155720 1 9 theme fibroblasts 267:277 arg1 co-culturing 251:262 co-culturing 251:262 co-culturing of fibroblasts and keratinocytes 251:295 A tri-layered chitosan-based scaffold was successfully made to replicate the striation of a full-thickness skin more accurately than a single- or bi-layered scaffold, which needed weeks of co-culturing of fibroblasts and keratinocytes to achieve similar striation. 26155720 3 10 from Chitosan 390:397 arg1 solution 433:440 acetic acid solution 421:440 acetic acid solution 421:440 Chitosan or chitosan-pectin in acetic acid solution was electrospun onto the chitosan disk to form a nanofibrous layer and a thin film. 26155720 1 11 theme tri-layered 64:74 arg1 scaffold 91:98 A tri-layered chitosan-based scaffold 62:98 A tri-layered chitosan-based scaffold 62:98 A tri-layered chitosan-based scaffold was successfully made to replicate the striation of a full-thickness skin more accurately than a single- or bi-layered scaffold, which needed weeks of co-culturing of fibroblasts and keratinocytes to achieve similar striation. 26155720 5 12 theme tensile 802:808 arg1 strength 810:817 tensile strength 802:817 tensile strength 802:817 The tensile strength and modulus of the composite scaffold were significantly higher than those of the chitosan disk (p < 0.01). 26155720 5 13 theme scaffold 848:855 arg1 strength 810:817 tensile strength 802:817 tensile strength 802:817 The tensile strength and modulus of the composite scaffold were significantly higher than those of the chitosan disk (p < 0.01). 26155720 5 13 theme scaffold 848:855 arg1 modulus 823:829 modulus 823:829 modulus 823:829 The tensile strength and modulus of the composite scaffold were significantly higher than those of the chitosan disk (p < 0.01). 26155720 0 14 theme potential 35:43 arg1 skin 45:48 a potential skin 33:48 a potential skin 33:48 Tri-layered chitosan scaffold as a potential skin substitute. 26155720 1 15 theme chitosan-based 76:89 arg1 scaffold 91:98 A tri-layered chitosan-based scaffold 62:98 A tri-layered chitosan-based scaffold 62:98 A tri-layered chitosan-based scaffold was successfully made to replicate the striation of a full-thickness skin more accurately than a single- or bi-layered scaffold, which needed weeks of co-culturing of fibroblasts and keratinocytes to achieve similar striation. 26155720 0 16 theme chitosan 12:19 arg1 scaffold 21:28 Tri-layered chitosan scaffold 0:28 Tri-layered chitosan scaffold as a potential skin 0:48 Tri-layered chitosan scaffold as a potential skin substitute. 26155720 3 17 from chitosan-pectin 402:416 arg1 solution 433:440 acetic acid solution 421:440 acetic acid solution 421:440 Chitosan or chitosan-pectin in acetic acid solution was electrospun onto the chitosan disk to form a nanofibrous layer and a thin film. 26155720 2 18 theme Chitosan 327:334 arg1 solution 336:343 Chitosan solution 327:343 Chitosan solution 327:343 Chitosan solution was freeze-dried and made into porous disks. 26155720 0 19 theme Tri-layered 0:10 arg1 scaffold 21:28 Tri-layered chitosan scaffold 0:28 Tri-layered chitosan scaffold as a potential skin 0:48 Tri-layered chitosan scaffold as a potential skin substitute. 26155720 1 20 theme keratinocytes 283:295 arg1 co-culturing 251:262 co-culturing 251:262 co-culturing of fibroblasts and keratinocytes 251:295 A tri-layered chitosan-based scaffold was successfully made to replicate the striation of a full-thickness skin more accurately than a single- or bi-layered scaffold, which needed weeks of co-culturing of fibroblasts and keratinocytes to achieve similar striation. 26155720 5 21 dep strength 810:817 arg1 The 798:800 The 798:800 The 798:800 The tensile strength and modulus of the composite scaffold were significantly higher than those of the chitosan disk (p < 0.01). 26155720 1 22 theme single- 197:203 arg1 scaffold 219:226 a single- or bi-layered scaffold 195:226 a single- or bi-layered scaffold 195:226 A tri-layered chitosan-based scaffold was successfully made to replicate the striation of a full-thickness skin more accurately than a single- or bi-layered scaffold, which needed weeks of co-culturing of fibroblasts and keratinocytes to achieve similar striation. 26155720 6 23 theme tests 1041:1045 arg1 course 1007:1012 the course 1003:1012 the course of the 14-day cell culture tests 1003:1045 The composite was able to quickly absorb water and stayed intact throughout the course of the 14-day cell culture tests. 26155720 7 24 dep stayed 1136:1141 arg1 separated 1143:1151 separated 1143:1151 stayed separated by the thin film 1136:1168 The fibroblast cells seeded on both sides of the scaffolds were able to proliferate and stayed separated by the thin film. 26155720 1 25 theme skin 169:172 arg1 striation 139:147 the striation 135:147 the striation of a full-thickness skin 135:172 A tri-layered chitosan-based scaffold was successfully made to replicate the striation of a full-thickness skin more accurately than a single- or bi-layered scaffold, which needed weeks of co-culturing of fibroblasts and keratinocytes to achieve similar striation. 26155720 6 26 theme culture 1033:1039 arg1 tests 1041:1045 the 14-day cell culture tests 1017:1045 the 14-day cell culture tests 1017:1045 The composite was able to quickly absorb water and stayed intact throughout the course of the 14-day cell culture tests. 26155720 3 27 theme acid 428:431 arg1 solution 433:440 acetic acid solution 421:440 acetic acid solution 421:440 Chitosan or chitosan-pectin in acetic acid solution was electrospun onto the chitosan disk to form a nanofibrous layer and a thin film. 26155720 1 28 theme bi-layered 208:217 arg1 scaffold 219:226 a single- or bi-layered scaffold 195:226 a single- or bi-layered scaffold 195:226 A tri-layered chitosan-based scaffold was successfully made to replicate the striation of a full-thickness skin more accurately than a single- or bi-layered scaffold, which needed weeks of co-culturing of fibroblasts and keratinocytes to achieve similar striation. 26155720 3 29 theme chitosan 467:474 arg1 disk 476:479 the chitosan disk 463:479 the chitosan disk 463:479 Chitosan or chitosan-pectin in acetic acid solution was electrospun onto the chitosan disk to form a nanofibrous layer and a thin film. 26155720 1 30 theme similar 308:314 arg1 striation 316:324 similar striation 308:324 similar striation 308:324 A tri-layered chitosan-based scaffold was successfully made to replicate the striation of a full-thickness skin more accurately than a single- or bi-layered scaffold, which needed weeks of co-culturing of fibroblasts and keratinocytes to achieve similar striation. 26155720 4 31 theme electron 557:564 arg1 spectroscopy 566:577 scanning electron spectroscopy 548:577 scanning electron spectroscopy 548:577 Examinations based on scanning electron spectroscopy showed that the scaffold was composed of a porous layer (2 mm) to simulate the dermis, a thin film (25-45 μm) to mimic the basement membrane, and a layer of nanofibers (100-200 μm) to serve as the protective epidermis. 26155720 3 32 theme acetic 421:426 arg1 acid 428:431 acetic acid 421:431 acetic acid solution 421:440 Chitosan or chitosan-pectin in acetic acid solution was electrospun onto the chitosan disk to form a nanofibrous layer and a thin film. 26155720 4 33 theme scanning 548:555 arg1 spectroscopy 566:577 scanning electron spectroscopy 548:577 scanning electron spectroscopy 548:577 Examinations based on scanning electron spectroscopy showed that the scaffold was composed of a porous layer (2 mm) to simulate the dermis, a thin film (25-45 μm) to mimic the basement membrane, and a layer of nanofibers (100-200 μm) to serve as the protective epidermis. 26155720 4 34 theme protective 776:785 arg1 layer 727:731 a layer 725:731 a layer of nanofibers (100-200 μm) 725:758 Examinations based on scanning electron spectroscopy showed that the scaffold was composed of a porous layer (2 mm) to simulate the dermis, a thin film (25-45 μm) to mimic the basement membrane, and a layer of nanofibers (100-200 μm) to serve as the protective epidermis. 26155720 4 34 theme protective 776:785 arg1 epidermis 787:795 the protective epidermis 772:795 the protective epidermis 772:795 Examinations based on scanning electron spectroscopy showed that the scaffold was composed of a porous layer (2 mm) to simulate the dermis, a thin film (25-45 μm) to mimic the basement membrane, and a layer of nanofibers (100-200 μm) to serve as the protective epidermis. 26155720 4 35 theme nanofibers 736:745 arg1 layer 727:731 a layer 725:731 a layer of nanofibers (100-200 μm) 725:758 Examinations based on scanning electron spectroscopy showed that the scaffold was composed of a porous layer (2 mm) to simulate the dermis, a thin film (25-45 μm) to mimic the basement membrane, and a layer of nanofibers (100-200 μm) to serve as the protective epidermis. 26155720 4 35 theme nanofibers 736:745 arg1 epidermis 787:795 the protective epidermis 772:795 the protective epidermis 772:795 Examinations based on scanning electron spectroscopy showed that the scaffold was composed of a porous layer (2 mm) to simulate the dermis, a thin film (25-45 μm) to mimic the basement membrane, and a layer of nanofibers (100-200 μm) to serve as the protective epidermis. 26155720 3 36 theme nanofibrous 491:501 arg1 layer 503:507 a nanofibrous layer 489:507 a nanofibrous layer 489:507 Chitosan or chitosan-pectin in acetic acid solution was electrospun onto the chitosan disk to form a nanofibrous layer and a thin film. 26155720 6 37 theme cell 1028:1031 arg1 tests 1041:1045 the 14-day cell culture tests 1017:1045 the 14-day cell culture tests 1017:1045 The composite was able to quickly absorb water and stayed intact throughout the course of the 14-day cell culture tests. 26155720 4 38 theme thin 668:671 arg1 film 673:676 a thin film 666:676 a thin film (25-45 μm) 666:687 Examinations based on scanning electron spectroscopy showed that the scaffold was composed of a porous layer (2 mm) to simulate the dermis, a thin film (25-45 μm) to mimic the basement membrane, and a layer of nanofibers (100-200 μm) to serve as the protective epidermis. 26155720 4 38 theme thin 668:671 arg1 25-45 μm 679:686 25-45 μm 679:686 25-45 μm 679:686 Examinations based on scanning electron spectroscopy showed that the scaffold was composed of a porous layer (2 mm) to simulate the dermis, a thin film (25-45 μm) to mimic the basement membrane, and a layer of nanofibers (100-200 μm) to serve as the protective epidermis. 26155720 2 39 theme porous 376:381 arg1 disks 383:387 porous disks 376:387 porous disks 376:387 Chitosan solution was freeze-dried and made into porous disks. 26155720 7 40 theme scaffolds 1097:1105 arg1 sides 1084:1088 both sides 1079:1088 both sides of the scaffolds 1079:1105 The fibroblast cells seeded on both sides of the scaffolds were able to proliferate and stayed separated by the thin film. 26155720 4 41 theme porous 622:627 arg1 2 mm 636:639 2 mm 636:639 2 mm 636:639 Examinations based on scanning electron spectroscopy showed that the scaffold was composed of a porous layer (2 mm) to simulate the dermis, a thin film (25-45 μm) to mimic the basement membrane, and a layer of nanofibers (100-200 μm) to serve as the protective epidermis. 26155720 4 41 theme porous 622:627 arg1 layer 629:633 a porous layer 620:633 a porous layer (2 mm) 620:640 Examinations based on scanning electron spectroscopy showed that the scaffold was composed of a porous layer (2 mm) to simulate the dermis, a thin film (25-45 μm) to mimic the basement membrane, and a layer of nanofibers (100-200 μm) to serve as the protective epidermis. 24274535 3 0 from films 580:584 arg1 present 565:571 present 565:571 present 565:571 FTIR analysis provided a detailed description of the binding groups present in the films, such as carboxylic, hydroxyl and sulfonate groups, while the surface composition was examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 24274535 5 1 theme properties 1022:1031 arg1 investigation 990:1002 further investigation 982:1002 further investigation of the functional properties of biodegradable films based on these biopolymers 982:1081 This is a novel approach to the characterization of agar-based films and provides knowledge about the compatibility of agar and soy protein for further investigation of the functional properties of biodegradable films based on these biopolymers. 24274535 4 2 theme XPS 760:762 arg1 spectra 764:770 FTIR and XPS spectra 751:770 spectra 764:770 The changes observed by FTIR and XPS spectra suggested interactions between functional groups of agar and SPI. 24274535 1 3 theme agar 138:141 arg1 structure 121:129 The chemical structure 108:129 The chemical structure of the agar obtained from Gelidium sesquipedale (Rhodophyta) 108:190 The chemical structure of the agar obtained from Gelidium sesquipedale (Rhodophyta) has been determined by (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance ((13)C NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24274535 3 4 theme sulfonate 620:628 arg1 groups 630:635 carboxylic, hydroxyl and sulfonate groups 595:635 groups 630:635 FTIR analysis provided a detailed description of the binding groups present in the films, such as carboxylic, hydroxyl and sulfonate groups, while the surface composition was examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 24274535 0 5 theme surface 62:68 arg1 characterization 70:85 surface characterization 62:85 surface characterization of agar based films 62:105 Extraction of agar from Gelidium sesquipedale (Rhodopyta) and surface characterization of agar based films. 24274535 1 6 theme C 219:219 arg1 resonance 238:246 (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance 215:246 (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance ((13)C NMR) 215:258 The chemical structure of the agar obtained from Gelidium sesquipedale (Rhodophyta) has been determined by (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance ((13)C NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24274535 1 6 theme C 219:219 arg1 NMR 255:257 (13)C NMR 249:257 (13)C NMR 249:257 The chemical structure of the agar obtained from Gelidium sesquipedale (Rhodophyta) has been determined by (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance ((13)C NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24274535 0 7 theme agar 90:93 arg1 films 101:105 agar based films 90:105 agar based films 90:105 Extraction of agar from Gelidium sesquipedale (Rhodopyta) and surface characterization of agar based films. 24274535 5 8 theme biodegradable 1036:1048 arg1 films 1050:1054 biodegradable films 1036:1054 biodegradable films based on these biopolymers 1036:1081 This is a novel approach to the characterization of agar-based films and provides knowledge about the compatibility of agar and soy protein for further investigation of the functional properties of biodegradable films based on these biopolymers. 24274535 5 9 theme novel 848:852 arg1 approach 854:861 a novel approach 846:861 a novel approach to the characterization of agar-based films 846:905 This is a novel approach to the characterization of agar-based films and provides knowledge about the compatibility of agar and soy protein for further investigation of the functional properties of biodegradable films based on these biopolymers. 24274535 5 9 theme novel 848:852 arg1 This 838:841 This 838:841 This 838:841 This is a novel approach to the characterization of agar-based films and provides knowledge about the compatibility of agar and soy protein for further investigation of the functional properties of biodegradable films based on these biopolymers. 24274535 1 10 theme nuclear 221:227 arg1 resonance 238:246 (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance 215:246 (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance ((13)C NMR) 215:258 The chemical structure of the agar obtained from Gelidium sesquipedale (Rhodophyta) has been determined by (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance ((13)C NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24274535 1 10 theme nuclear 221:227 arg1 NMR 255:257 (13)C NMR 249:257 (13)C NMR 249:257 The chemical structure of the agar obtained from Gelidium sesquipedale (Rhodophyta) has been determined by (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance ((13)C NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24274535 2 11 with films 322:326 arg1 amounts 343:349 different amounts 333:349 different amounts of soy protein isolate (SPI) 333:378 Agar (AG) films with different amounts of soy protein isolate (SPI) were prepared using a thermo-moulding method, and transparent and hydrophobic films were obtained and characterized. 24274535 2 11 with films 322:326 arg1 SPI 375:377 SPI 375:377 SPI 375:377 Agar (AG) films with different amounts of soy protein isolate (SPI) were prepared using a thermo-moulding method, and transparent and hydrophobic films were obtained and characterized. 24274535 2 11 with films 322:326 arg1 isolate 366:372 soy protein isolate 354:372 soy protein isolate (SPI) 354:378 Agar (AG) films with different amounts of soy protein isolate (SPI) were prepared using a thermo-moulding method, and transparent and hydrophobic films were obtained and characterized. 24274535 1 12 theme magnetic 229:236 arg1 resonance 238:246 (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance 215:246 (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance ((13)C NMR) 215:258 The chemical structure of the agar obtained from Gelidium sesquipedale (Rhodophyta) has been determined by (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance ((13)C NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24274535 1 12 theme magnetic 229:236 arg1 NMR 255:257 (13)C NMR 249:257 (13)C NMR 249:257 The chemical structure of the agar obtained from Gelidium sesquipedale (Rhodophyta) has been determined by (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance ((13)C NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24274535 0 13 theme films 101:105 arg1 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction of agar from Gelidium sesquipedale (Rhodopyta) 0:56 Extraction of agar from Gelidium sesquipedale (Rhodopyta) and surface characterization of agar based films. 24274535 0 13 theme films 101:105 arg1 characterization 70:85 surface characterization 62:85 surface characterization of agar based films 62:105 Extraction of agar from Gelidium sesquipedale (Rhodopyta) and surface characterization of agar based films. 24274535 0 14 theme based 95:99 arg1 films 101:105 agar based films 90:105 agar based films 90:105 Extraction of agar from Gelidium sesquipedale (Rhodopyta) and surface characterization of agar based films. 24274535 0 15 from sesquipedale 33:44 arg1 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction of agar from Gelidium sesquipedale (Rhodopyta) 0:56 Extraction of agar from Gelidium sesquipedale (Rhodopyta) and surface characterization of agar based films. 24274535 0 15 from sesquipedale 33:44 arg1 characterization 70:85 surface characterization 62:85 surface characterization of agar based films 62:105 Extraction of agar from Gelidium sesquipedale (Rhodopyta) and surface characterization of agar based films. 24274535 1 16 theme Gelidium 157:164 arg1 sesquipedale 166:177 Gelidium sesquipedale 157:177 Gelidium sesquipedale (Rhodophyta) 157:190 The chemical structure of the agar obtained from Gelidium sesquipedale (Rhodophyta) has been determined by (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance ((13)C NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24274535 1 16 theme Gelidium 157:164 arg1 Rhodophyta 180:189 Rhodophyta 180:189 Rhodophyta 180:189 The chemical structure of the agar obtained from Gelidium sesquipedale (Rhodophyta) has been determined by (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance ((13)C NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24274535 2 17 theme protein 358:364 arg1 SPI 375:377 SPI 375:377 SPI 375:377 Agar (AG) films with different amounts of soy protein isolate (SPI) were prepared using a thermo-moulding method, and transparent and hydrophobic films were obtained and characterized. 24274535 2 17 theme protein 358:364 arg1 isolate 366:372 soy protein isolate 354:372 soy protein isolate (SPI) 354:378 Agar (AG) films with different amounts of soy protein isolate (SPI) were prepared using a thermo-moulding method, and transparent and hydrophobic films were obtained and characterized. 24274535 4 18 theme FTIR 751:754 arg1 spectra 764:770 FTIR and XPS spectra 751:770 spectra 764:770 The changes observed by FTIR and XPS spectra suggested interactions between functional groups of agar and SPI. 24274535 2 19 theme Agar 312:315 arg1 films 322:326 Agar (AG) films 312:326 Agar (AG) films with different amounts of soy protein isolate (SPI) 312:378 Agar (AG) films with different amounts of soy protein isolate (SPI) were prepared using a thermo-moulding method, and transparent and hydrophobic films were obtained and characterized. 24274535 2 20 theme soy 354:356 arg1 SPI 375:377 SPI 375:377 SPI 375:377 Agar (AG) films with different amounts of soy protein isolate (SPI) were prepared using a thermo-moulding method, and transparent and hydrophobic films were obtained and characterized. 24274535 2 20 theme soy 354:356 arg1 isolate 366:372 soy protein isolate 354:372 soy protein isolate (SPI) 354:378 Agar (AG) films with different amounts of soy protein isolate (SPI) were prepared using a thermo-moulding method, and transparent and hydrophobic films were obtained and characterized. 24274535 1 21 dep transform 272:280 arg1 infrared 282:289 infrared 282:289 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 272:309 The chemical structure of the agar obtained from Gelidium sesquipedale (Rhodophyta) has been determined by (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance ((13)C NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24274535 5 22 theme soy 966:968 arg1 protein 970:976 soy protein 966:976 soy protein 966:976 This is a novel approach to the characterization of agar-based films and provides knowledge about the compatibility of agar and soy protein for further investigation of the functional properties of biodegradable films based on these biopolymers. 24274535 3 23 theme surface 648:654 arg1 composition 656:666 the surface composition 644:666 the surface composition 644:666 FTIR analysis provided a detailed description of the binding groups present in the films, such as carboxylic, hydroxyl and sulfonate groups, while the surface composition was examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 24274535 4 24 theme agar 824:827 arg1 agar 824:827 agar 824:827 agar 824:827 The changes observed by FTIR and XPS spectra suggested interactions between functional groups of agar and SPI. 24274535 4 24 theme agar 824:827 arg1 groups 814:819 functional groups 803:819 functional groups of agar and SPI 803:835 The changes observed by FTIR and XPS spectra suggested interactions between functional groups of agar and SPI. 24274535 4 24 theme agar 824:827 arg1 SPI 833:835 SPI 833:835 SPI 833:835 The changes observed by FTIR and XPS spectra suggested interactions between functional groups of agar and SPI. 24274535 2 25 theme different 333:341 arg1 amounts 343:349 different amounts 333:349 different amounts of soy protein isolate (SPI) 333:378 Agar (AG) films with different amounts of soy protein isolate (SPI) were prepared using a thermo-moulding method, and transparent and hydrophobic films were obtained and characterized. 24274535 2 25 theme different 333:341 arg1 SPI 375:377 SPI 375:377 SPI 375:377 Agar (AG) films with different amounts of soy protein isolate (SPI) were prepared using a thermo-moulding method, and transparent and hydrophobic films were obtained and characterized. 24274535 2 25 theme different 333:341 arg1 isolate 366:372 soy protein isolate 354:372 soy protein isolate (SPI) 354:378 Agar (AG) films with different amounts of soy protein isolate (SPI) were prepared using a thermo-moulding method, and transparent and hydrophobic films were obtained and characterized. 24274535 0 26 theme agar 14:17 arg1 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction of agar from Gelidium sesquipedale (Rhodopyta) 0:56 Extraction of agar from Gelidium sesquipedale (Rhodopyta) and surface characterization of agar based films. 24274535 0 26 theme agar 14:17 arg1 characterization 70:85 surface characterization 62:85 surface characterization of agar based films 62:105 Extraction of agar from Gelidium sesquipedale (Rhodopyta) and surface characterization of agar based films. 24274535 2 27 theme hydrophobic 446:456 arg1 films 458:462 transparent and hydrophobic films 430:462 transparent and hydrophobic films 430:462 Agar (AG) films with different amounts of soy protein isolate (SPI) were prepared using a thermo-moulding method, and transparent and hydrophobic films were obtained and characterized. 24274535 3 28 theme groups 558:563 arg1 description 531:541 a detailed description 520:541 a detailed description of the binding groups present in the films, such as carboxylic, hydroxyl and sulfonate groups 520:635 FTIR analysis provided a detailed description of the binding groups present in the films, such as carboxylic, hydroxyl and sulfonate groups, while the surface composition was examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 24274535 3 29 attach present 565:571 arg1 groups 630:635 carboxylic, hydroxyl and sulfonate groups 595:635 groups 630:635 FTIR analysis provided a detailed description of the binding groups present in the films, such as carboxylic, hydroxyl and sulfonate groups, while the surface composition was examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 24274535 3 29 attach present 565:571 arg1 films 580:584 the films 576:584 the films 576:584 FTIR analysis provided a detailed description of the binding groups present in the films, such as carboxylic, hydroxyl and sulfonate groups, while the surface composition was examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 24274535 3 29 attach present 565:571 arg2 groups 558:563 the binding groups 546:563 the binding groups present in the films, such as carboxylic, hydroxyl and sulfonate groups 546:635 FTIR analysis provided a detailed description of the binding groups present in the films, such as carboxylic, hydroxyl and sulfonate groups, while the surface composition was examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 24274535 1 30 dep Fourier 264:270 arg1 transform 272:280 transform 272:280 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 272:309 The chemical structure of the agar obtained from Gelidium sesquipedale (Rhodophyta) has been determined by (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance ((13)C NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24274535 4 31 theme SPI 833:835 arg1 agar 824:827 agar 824:827 agar 824:827 The changes observed by FTIR and XPS spectra suggested interactions between functional groups of agar and SPI. 24274535 4 31 theme SPI 833:835 arg1 groups 814:819 functional groups 803:819 functional groups of agar and SPI 803:835 The changes observed by FTIR and XPS spectra suggested interactions between functional groups of agar and SPI. 24274535 4 31 theme SPI 833:835 arg1 SPI 833:835 SPI 833:835 SPI 833:835 The changes observed by FTIR and XPS spectra suggested interactions between functional groups of agar and SPI. 24274535 3 32 theme present 565:571 arg1 groups 558:563 the binding groups 546:563 the binding groups present in the films, such as carboxylic, hydroxyl and sulfonate groups 546:635 FTIR analysis provided a detailed description of the binding groups present in the films, such as carboxylic, hydroxyl and sulfonate groups, while the surface composition was examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 24274535 5 33 theme films 1050:1054 arg1 properties 1022:1031 the functional properties 1007:1031 the functional properties of biodegradable films based on these biopolymers 1007:1081 This is a novel approach to the characterization of agar-based films and provides knowledge about the compatibility of agar and soy protein for further investigation of the functional properties of biodegradable films based on these biopolymers. 24274535 2 34 theme transparent 430:440 arg1 films 458:462 transparent and hydrophobic films 430:462 transparent and hydrophobic films 430:462 Agar (AG) films with different amounts of soy protein isolate (SPI) were prepared using a thermo-moulding method, and transparent and hydrophobic films were obtained and characterized. 24274535 5 35 theme protein 970:976 arg1 compatibility 940:952 the compatibility 936:952 the compatibility of agar and soy protein 936:976 This is a novel approach to the characterization of agar-based films and provides knowledge about the compatibility of agar and soy protein for further investigation of the functional properties of biodegradable films based on these biopolymers. 24274535 2 36 theme thermo-moulding 402:416 arg1 method 418:423 a thermo-moulding method 400:423 a thermo-moulding method 400:423 Agar (AG) films with different amounts of soy protein isolate (SPI) were prepared using a thermo-moulding method, and transparent and hydrophobic films were obtained and characterized. 24274535 1 37 theme C 253:253 arg1 resonance 238:246 (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance 215:246 (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance ((13)C NMR) 215:258 The chemical structure of the agar obtained from Gelidium sesquipedale (Rhodophyta) has been determined by (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance ((13)C NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24274535 1 37 theme C 253:253 arg1 NMR 255:257 (13)C NMR 249:257 (13)C NMR 249:257 The chemical structure of the agar obtained from Gelidium sesquipedale (Rhodophyta) has been determined by (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance ((13)C NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24274535 5 38 theme further 982:988 arg1 investigation 990:1002 further investigation 982:1002 further investigation of the functional properties of biodegradable films based on these biopolymers 982:1081 This is a novel approach to the characterization of agar-based films and provides knowledge about the compatibility of agar and soy protein for further investigation of the functional properties of biodegradable films based on these biopolymers. 24274535 3 39 theme binding 550:556 arg1 groups 558:563 the binding groups 546:563 the binding groups present in the films, such as carboxylic, hydroxyl and sulfonate groups 546:635 FTIR analysis provided a detailed description of the binding groups present in the films, such as carboxylic, hydroxyl and sulfonate groups, while the surface composition was examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 24274535 3 40 theme hydroxyl 607:614 arg1 groups 630:635 carboxylic, hydroxyl and sulfonate groups 595:635 groups 630:635 FTIR analysis provided a detailed description of the binding groups present in the films, such as carboxylic, hydroxyl and sulfonate groups, while the surface composition was examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 24274535 2 41 theme isolate 366:372 arg1 amounts 343:349 different amounts 333:349 different amounts of soy protein isolate (SPI) 333:378 Agar (AG) films with different amounts of soy protein isolate (SPI) were prepared using a thermo-moulding method, and transparent and hydrophobic films were obtained and characterized. 24274535 2 41 theme isolate 366:372 arg1 SPI 375:377 SPI 375:377 SPI 375:377 Agar (AG) films with different amounts of soy protein isolate (SPI) were prepared using a thermo-moulding method, and transparent and hydrophobic films were obtained and characterized. 24274535 2 41 theme isolate 366:372 arg1 isolate 366:372 soy protein isolate 354:372 soy protein isolate (SPI) 354:378 Agar (AG) films with different amounts of soy protein isolate (SPI) were prepared using a thermo-moulding method, and transparent and hydrophobic films were obtained and characterized. 24274535 5 42 theme functional 1011:1020 arg1 properties 1022:1031 the functional properties 1007:1031 the functional properties of biodegradable films based on these biopolymers 1007:1081 This is a novel approach to the characterization of agar-based films and provides knowledge about the compatibility of agar and soy protein for further investigation of the functional properties of biodegradable films based on these biopolymers. 24274535 3 43 theme FTIR 497:500 arg1 analysis 502:509 FTIR analysis 497:509 FTIR analysis 497:509 FTIR analysis provided a detailed description of the binding groups present in the films, such as carboxylic, hydroxyl and sulfonate groups, while the surface composition was examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 24274535 3 44 from present 565:571 arg1 films 580:584 the films 576:584 the films 576:584 FTIR analysis provided a detailed description of the binding groups present in the films, such as carboxylic, hydroxyl and sulfonate groups, while the surface composition was examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 24274535 3 44 from present 565:571 arg1 groups 630:635 carboxylic, hydroxyl and sulfonate groups 595:635 groups 630:635 FTIR analysis provided a detailed description of the binding groups present in the films, such as carboxylic, hydroxyl and sulfonate groups, while the surface composition was examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 24274535 5 45 theme films 901:905 arg1 characterization 870:885 the characterization 866:885 the characterization of agar-based films 866:905 This is a novel approach to the characterization of agar-based films and provides knowledge about the compatibility of agar and soy protein for further investigation of the functional properties of biodegradable films based on these biopolymers. 24274535 1 46 theme chemical 112:119 arg1 structure 121:129 The chemical structure 108:129 The chemical structure of the agar obtained from Gelidium sesquipedale (Rhodophyta) 108:190 The chemical structure of the agar obtained from Gelidium sesquipedale (Rhodophyta) has been determined by (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance ((13)C NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24274535 4 47 theme functional 803:812 arg1 agar 824:827 agar 824:827 agar 824:827 The changes observed by FTIR and XPS spectra suggested interactions between functional groups of agar and SPI. 24274535 4 47 theme functional 803:812 arg1 groups 814:819 functional groups 803:819 functional groups of agar and SPI 803:835 The changes observed by FTIR and XPS spectra suggested interactions between functional groups of agar and SPI. 24274535 4 47 theme functional 803:812 arg1 SPI 833:835 SPI 833:835 SPI 833:835 The changes observed by FTIR and XPS spectra suggested interactions between functional groups of agar and SPI. 24274535 5 48 theme agar 957:960 arg1 compatibility 940:952 the compatibility 936:952 the compatibility of agar and soy protein 936:976 This is a novel approach to the characterization of agar-based films and provides knowledge about the compatibility of agar and soy protein for further investigation of the functional properties of biodegradable films based on these biopolymers. 24274535 5 49 theme agar-based 890:899 arg1 films 901:905 agar-based films 890:905 agar-based films 890:905 This is a novel approach to the characterization of agar-based films and provides knowledge about the compatibility of agar and soy protein for further investigation of the functional properties of biodegradable films based on these biopolymers. 24274535 3 50 theme X-ray 687:691 arg1 spectroscopy 707:718 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 687:718 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 687:724 FTIR analysis provided a detailed description of the binding groups present in the films, such as carboxylic, hydroxyl and sulfonate groups, while the surface composition was examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 24274535 3 50 theme X-ray 687:691 arg1 XPS 721:723 XPS 721:723 XPS 721:723 FTIR analysis provided a detailed description of the binding groups present in the films, such as carboxylic, hydroxyl and sulfonate groups, while the surface composition was examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 24274535 3 51 theme carboxylic 595:604 arg1 hydroxyl 607:614 carboxylic, hydroxyl and sulfonate groups 595:635 hydroxyl 607:614 FTIR analysis provided a detailed description of the binding groups present in the films, such as carboxylic, hydroxyl and sulfonate groups, while the surface composition was examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 24274535 3 52 theme detailed 522:529 arg1 description 531:541 a detailed description 520:541 a detailed description of the binding groups present in the films, such as carboxylic, hydroxyl and sulfonate groups 520:635 FTIR analysis provided a detailed description of the binding groups present in the films, such as carboxylic, hydroxyl and sulfonate groups, while the surface composition was examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 24274535 3 53 theme photoelectron 693:705 arg1 spectroscopy 707:718 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 687:718 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 687:724 FTIR analysis provided a detailed description of the binding groups present in the films, such as carboxylic, hydroxyl and sulfonate groups, while the surface composition was examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 24274535 3 53 theme photoelectron 693:705 arg1 XPS 721:723 XPS 721:723 XPS 721:723 FTIR analysis provided a detailed description of the binding groups present in the films, such as carboxylic, hydroxyl and sulfonate groups, while the surface composition was examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 26618467 3 0 theme METHODS 359:365 arg1 properties 383:392 MATERIALS AND METHODS Physicochemical properties 345:392 MATERIALS AND METHODS Physicochemical properties 345:392 MATERIALS AND METHODS Physicochemical properties were measured in vitro. 26618467 11 1 theme filler 1468:1473 arg1 performance 1475:1485 filler performance 1468:1485 filler performance 1468:1485 Rheology alone was not sufficient to understand filler performance but was most useful when comparing within fillers of similar composition. 26618467 6 2 theme filler 760:765 arg1 composition/type 767:782 filler composition/type 760:782 filler composition/type (homogeneous > NASHA > CaHA/CMC) 760:815 RESULTS Filler lift capacity correlated better with filler composition/type (homogeneous > NASHA > CaHA/CMC) than with specific rheological properties. 26618467 6 2 theme filler 760:765 arg1 CaHA/CMC 807:814 homogeneous > NASHA > CaHA/CMC 785:814 homogeneous > NASHA > CaHA/CMC 785:814 RESULTS Filler lift capacity correlated better with filler composition/type (homogeneous > NASHA > CaHA/CMC) than with specific rheological properties. 26618467 3 3 theme Physicochemical 367:381 arg1 properties 383:392 MATERIALS AND METHODS Physicochemical properties 345:392 MATERIALS AND METHODS Physicochemical properties 345:392 MATERIALS AND METHODS Physicochemical properties were measured in vitro. 26618467 6 4 dep RESULTS 708:714 arg1 correlated 737:746 correlated 737:746 correlated better with filler composition/type (homogeneous > NASHA > CaHA/CMC) than with specific rheological properties 737:857 RESULTS Filler lift capacity correlated better with filler composition/type (homogeneous > NASHA > CaHA/CMC) than with specific rheological properties. 26618467 8 5 theme surrounding 1086:1096 arg1 tissue 1098:1103 surrounding tissue 1086:1103 surrounding tissue 1086:1103 Homogeneous HA fillers were integrated with surrounding tissue, whereas integration within particle-based fillers (NASHA and CaHA/CMC) was variable, with some areas void of tissue. 26618467 8 6 theme HA 1054:1055 arg1 fillers 1057:1063 Homogeneous HA fillers 1042:1063 Homogeneous HA fillers 1042:1063 Homogeneous HA fillers were integrated with surrounding tissue, whereas integration within particle-based fillers (NASHA and CaHA/CMC) was variable, with some areas void of tissue. 26618467 8 7 theme void 1207:1210 arg1 areas 1201:1205 some areas 1196:1205 some areas void of tissue 1196:1220 Homogeneous HA fillers were integrated with surrounding tissue, whereas integration within particle-based fillers (NASHA and CaHA/CMC) was variable, with some areas void of tissue. 26618467 8 8 theme Homogeneous 1042:1052 arg1 fillers 1057:1063 Homogeneous HA fillers 1042:1063 Homogeneous HA fillers 1042:1063 Homogeneous HA fillers were integrated with surrounding tissue, whereas integration within particle-based fillers (NASHA and CaHA/CMC) was variable, with some areas void of tissue. 26618467 2 9 theme physicochemical 317:331 arg1 properties 333:342 physicochemical properties 317:342 physicochemical properties 317:342 OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in vivo performance of fillers with different compositions and physicochemical properties. 26618467 6 10 theme > 805:805 arg1 composition/type 767:782 filler composition/type 760:782 filler composition/type (homogeneous > NASHA > CaHA/CMC) 760:815 RESULTS Filler lift capacity correlated better with filler composition/type (homogeneous > NASHA > CaHA/CMC) than with specific rheological properties. 26618467 6 10 theme > 805:805 arg1 CaHA/CMC 807:814 homogeneous > NASHA > CaHA/CMC 785:814 homogeneous > NASHA > CaHA/CMC 785:814 RESULTS Filler lift capacity correlated better with filler composition/type (homogeneous > NASHA > CaHA/CMC) than with specific rheological properties. 26618467 5 11 theme homogeneous 535:545 arg1 fillers 568:574 Four homogeneous hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers 530:574 Four homogeneous hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers 530:574 Four homogeneous hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers, 2 nonanimal stabilized HA (NASHA) fillers, and 1 calcium hydroxylapatite/carboxymethyl cellulose (CaHA/CMC) filler were evaluated. 26618467 4 12 used used 448:451 arg2 models 422:427 Rat models 418:427 Rat models 418:427 Rat models were developed and used to compare lift capacity, resistance to deformation, and tissue integration. 26618467 8 13 theme tissue 1215:1220 arg1 void 1207:1210 void 1207:1210 void 1207:1210 Homogeneous HA fillers were integrated with surrounding tissue, whereas integration within particle-based fillers (NASHA and CaHA/CMC) was variable, with some areas void of tissue. 26618467 4 14 theme tissue 510:515 arg1 integration 517:527 tissue integration 510:527 tissue integration 510:527 Rat models were developed and used to compare lift capacity, resistance to deformation, and tissue integration. 26618467 5 15 theme hydroxylapatite/carboxymethyl 634:662 arg1 filler 685:690 1 calcium hydroxylapatite/carboxymethyl cellulose (CaHA/CMC) filler 624:690 1 calcium hydroxylapatite/carboxymethyl cellulose (CaHA/CMC) filler 624:690 Four homogeneous hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers, 2 nonanimal stabilized HA (NASHA) fillers, and 1 calcium hydroxylapatite/carboxymethyl cellulose (CaHA/CMC) filler were evaluated. 26618467 5 16 theme calcium 626:632 arg1 filler 685:690 1 calcium hydroxylapatite/carboxymethyl cellulose (CaHA/CMC) filler 624:690 1 calcium hydroxylapatite/carboxymethyl cellulose (CaHA/CMC) filler 624:690 Four homogeneous hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers, 2 nonanimal stabilized HA (NASHA) fillers, and 1 calcium hydroxylapatite/carboxymethyl cellulose (CaHA/CMC) filler were evaluated. 26618467 5 17 theme hyaluronic 547:556 arg1 HA 564:565 HA 564:565 HA 564:565 Four homogeneous hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers, 2 nonanimal stabilized HA (NASHA) fillers, and 1 calcium hydroxylapatite/carboxymethyl cellulose (CaHA/CMC) filler were evaluated. 26618467 5 17 theme hyaluronic 547:556 arg1 acid 558:561 hyaluronic acid 547:561 Four homogeneous hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers 530:574 Four homogeneous hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers, 2 nonanimal stabilized HA (NASHA) fillers, and 1 calcium hydroxylapatite/carboxymethyl cellulose (CaHA/CMC) filler were evaluated. 26618467 5 18 theme cellulose 664:672 arg1 filler 685:690 1 calcium hydroxylapatite/carboxymethyl cellulose (CaHA/CMC) filler 624:690 1 calcium hydroxylapatite/carboxymethyl cellulose (CaHA/CMC) filler 624:690 Four homogeneous hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers, 2 nonanimal stabilized HA (NASHA) fillers, and 1 calcium hydroxylapatite/carboxymethyl cellulose (CaHA/CMC) filler were evaluated. 26618467 6 19 theme specific 827:834 arg1 properties 848:857 specific rheological properties 827:857 specific rheological properties 827:857 RESULTS Filler lift capacity correlated better with filler composition/type (homogeneous > NASHA > CaHA/CMC) than with specific rheological properties. 26618467 2 20 theme different 290:298 arg1 compositions 300:311 different compositions 290:311 different compositions 290:311 OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in vivo performance of fillers with different compositions and physicochemical properties. 26618467 5 21 theme acid 558:561 arg1 fillers 568:574 Four homogeneous hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers 530:574 Four homogeneous hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers 530:574 Four homogeneous hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers, 2 nonanimal stabilized HA (NASHA) fillers, and 1 calcium hydroxylapatite/carboxymethyl cellulose (CaHA/CMC) filler were evaluated. 26618467 1 22 theme soft 196:199 arg1 performance 215:225 soft tissue filler performance 196:225 soft tissue filler performance 196:225 BACKGROUND Physicochemical properties and performance in nonclinical animal models can provide insights into soft tissue filler performance. 26618467 4 23 theme Rat 418:420 arg1 models 422:427 Rat models 418:427 Rat models 418:427 Rat models were developed and used to compare lift capacity, resistance to deformation, and tissue integration. 26618467 1 24 theme BACKGROUND 87:96 arg1 properties 114:123 BACKGROUND Physicochemical properties 87:123 BACKGROUND Physicochemical properties 87:123 BACKGROUND Physicochemical properties and performance in nonclinical animal models can provide insights into soft tissue filler performance. 26618467 10 25 theme biological 1345:1354 arg1 interaction 1356:1366 biological interaction 1345:1366 biological interaction 1345:1366 The results indicated that biological interaction plays an important role in how the filler performs. 26618467 1 26 theme tissue 201:206 arg1 performance 215:225 soft tissue filler performance 196:225 soft tissue filler performance 196:225 BACKGROUND Physicochemical properties and performance in nonclinical animal models can provide insights into soft tissue filler performance. 26618467 0 27 theme Rheological 0:10 arg1 Properties 12:21 Rheological Properties 0:21 Rheological Properties 0:21 Rheological Properties and In Vivo Performance Characteristics of Soft Tissue Fillers. 26618467 5 28 theme CaHA/CMC 675:682 arg1 filler 685:690 1 calcium hydroxylapatite/carboxymethyl cellulose (CaHA/CMC) filler 624:690 1 calcium hydroxylapatite/carboxymethyl cellulose (CaHA/CMC) filler 624:690 Four homogeneous hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers, 2 nonanimal stabilized HA (NASHA) fillers, and 1 calcium hydroxylapatite/carboxymethyl cellulose (CaHA/CMC) filler were evaluated. 26618467 1 29 from performance 129:139 arg1 models 163:168 nonclinical animal models 144:168 nonclinical animal models 144:168 BACKGROUND Physicochemical properties and performance in nonclinical animal models can provide insights into soft tissue filler performance. 26618467 0 30 dep Fillers 78:84 arg1 Characteristics 47:61 In Vivo Performance Characteristics 27:61 In Vivo Performance Characteristics 27:61 Rheological Properties and In Vivo Performance Characteristics of Soft Tissue Fillers. 26618467 0 30 dep Fillers 78:84 arg1 Properties 12:21 Rheological Properties 0:21 Rheological Properties 0:21 Rheological Properties and In Vivo Performance Characteristics of Soft Tissue Fillers. 26618467 6 31 theme lift 723:726 arg1 capacity 728:735 Filler lift capacity 716:735 Filler lift capacity 716:735 RESULTS Filler lift capacity correlated better with filler composition/type (homogeneous > NASHA > CaHA/CMC) than with specific rheological properties. 26618467 1 32 theme filler 208:213 arg1 performance 215:225 soft tissue filler performance 196:225 soft tissue filler performance 196:225 BACKGROUND Physicochemical properties and performance in nonclinical animal models can provide insights into soft tissue filler performance. 26618467 0 33 theme In 27:28 arg1 Characteristics 47:61 In Vivo Performance Characteristics 27:61 In Vivo Performance Characteristics 27:61 Rheological Properties and In Vivo Performance Characteristics of Soft Tissue Fillers. 26618467 6 34 theme rheological 836:846 arg1 properties 848:857 specific rheological properties 827:857 specific rheological properties 827:857 RESULTS Filler lift capacity correlated better with filler composition/type (homogeneous > NASHA > CaHA/CMC) than with specific rheological properties. 26618467 8 35 with variable 1181:1188 arg1 areas 1201:1205 some areas 1196:1205 some areas void of tissue 1196:1220 Homogeneous HA fillers were integrated with surrounding tissue, whereas integration within particle-based fillers (NASHA and CaHA/CMC) was variable, with some areas void of tissue. 26618467 6 36 theme Filler 716:721 arg1 capacity 728:735 Filler lift capacity 716:735 Filler lift capacity 716:735 RESULTS Filler lift capacity correlated better with filler composition/type (homogeneous > NASHA > CaHA/CMC) than with specific rheological properties. 26618467 1 37 theme Physicochemical 98:112 arg1 properties 114:123 BACKGROUND Physicochemical properties 87:123 BACKGROUND Physicochemical properties 87:123 BACKGROUND Physicochemical properties and performance in nonclinical animal models can provide insights into soft tissue filler performance. 26618467 6 38 theme NASHA 799:803 arg1 composition/type 767:782 filler composition/type 760:782 filler composition/type (homogeneous > NASHA > CaHA/CMC) 760:815 RESULTS Filler lift capacity correlated better with filler composition/type (homogeneous > NASHA > CaHA/CMC) than with specific rheological properties. 26618467 6 38 theme NASHA 799:803 arg1 CaHA/CMC 807:814 homogeneous > NASHA > CaHA/CMC 785:814 homogeneous > NASHA > CaHA/CMC 785:814 RESULTS Filler lift capacity correlated better with filler composition/type (homogeneous > NASHA > CaHA/CMC) than with specific rheological properties. 26618467 7 39 theme CaHA/CMC 864:871 arg1 filler 873:878 The CaHA/CMC filler 860:878 The CaHA/CMC filler 860:878 The CaHA/CMC filler had high initial resistance to deformation relative to other groups; all HA fillers exhibited lower initial resistance to deformation, which increased over time. 26618467 10 40 theme important 1377:1385 arg1 role 1387:1390 an important role 1374:1390 an important role 1374:1390 The results indicated that biological interaction plays an important role in how the filler performs. 26618467 0 41 theme Performance 35:45 arg1 Characteristics 47:61 In Vivo Performance Characteristics 27:61 In Vivo Performance Characteristics 27:61 Rheological Properties and In Vivo Performance Characteristics of Soft Tissue Fillers. 26618467 8 42 theme particle-based 1133:1146 arg1 CaHA/CMC 1167:1174 CaHA/CMC 1167:1174 CaHA/CMC 1167:1174 Homogeneous HA fillers were integrated with surrounding tissue, whereas integration within particle-based fillers (NASHA and CaHA/CMC) was variable, with some areas void of tissue. 26618467 8 42 theme particle-based 1133:1146 arg1 NASHA 1157:1161 NASHA 1157:1161 NASHA 1157:1161 Homogeneous HA fillers were integrated with surrounding tissue, whereas integration within particle-based fillers (NASHA and CaHA/CMC) was variable, with some areas void of tissue. 26618467 8 42 theme particle-based 1133:1146 arg1 fillers 1148:1154 particle-based fillers 1133:1154 particle-based fillers (NASHA and CaHA/CMC) 1133:1175 Homogeneous HA fillers were integrated with surrounding tissue, whereas integration within particle-based fillers (NASHA and CaHA/CMC) was variable, with some areas void of tissue. 26618467 11 43 theme similar 1540:1546 arg1 composition 1548:1558 similar composition 1540:1558 similar composition 1540:1558 Rheology alone was not sufficient to understand filler performance but was most useful when comparing within fillers of similar composition. 26618467 7 44 theme HA 953:954 arg1 fillers 956:962 all HA fillers 949:962 all HA fillers 949:962 The CaHA/CMC filler had high initial resistance to deformation relative to other groups; all HA fillers exhibited lower initial resistance to deformation, which increased over time. 26618467 7 45 contain had 880:882 arg2 resistance 897:906 high initial resistance 884:906 high initial resistance to deformation relative to other groups 884:946 The CaHA/CMC filler had high initial resistance to deformation relative to other groups; all HA fillers exhibited lower initial resistance to deformation, which increased over time. 26618467 7 45 contain had 880:882 arg1 filler 873:878 The CaHA/CMC filler 860:878 The CaHA/CMC filler 860:878 The CaHA/CMC filler had high initial resistance to deformation relative to other groups; all HA fillers exhibited lower initial resistance to deformation, which increased over time. 26618467 9 46 theme comparative 1279:1289 arg1 evaluations 1291:1301 comparative evaluations 1279:1301 comparative evaluations among fillers 1279:1315 CONCLUSION The animal models provide a platform to make comparative evaluations among fillers. 26618467 2 47 theme in 254:255 arg1 performance 262:272 the in vivo performance 250:272 the in vivo performance of fillers with different compositions and physicochemical properties 250:342 OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in vivo performance of fillers with different compositions and physicochemical properties. 26618467 2 48 dep in 254:255 arg1 vivo 257:260 vivo 257:260 vivo 257:260 OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in vivo performance of fillers with different compositions and physicochemical properties. 26618467 8 49 dep fillers 1148:1154 arg1 CaHA/CMC 1167:1174 CaHA/CMC 1167:1174 CaHA/CMC 1167:1174 Homogeneous HA fillers were integrated with surrounding tissue, whereas integration within particle-based fillers (NASHA and CaHA/CMC) was variable, with some areas void of tissue. 26618467 8 49 dep fillers 1148:1154 arg1 NASHA 1157:1161 NASHA 1157:1161 NASHA 1157:1161 Homogeneous HA fillers were integrated with surrounding tissue, whereas integration within particle-based fillers (NASHA and CaHA/CMC) was variable, with some areas void of tissue. 26618467 8 49 dep fillers 1148:1154 arg1 fillers 1148:1154 particle-based fillers 1133:1154 particle-based fillers (NASHA and CaHA/CMC) 1133:1175 Homogeneous HA fillers were integrated with surrounding tissue, whereas integration within particle-based fillers (NASHA and CaHA/CMC) was variable, with some areas void of tissue. 26618467 2 50 with performance 262:272 arg1 compositions 300:311 different compositions 290:311 different compositions 290:311 OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in vivo performance of fillers with different compositions and physicochemical properties. 26618467 2 50 with performance 262:272 arg1 properties 333:342 physicochemical properties 317:342 physicochemical properties 317:342 OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in vivo performance of fillers with different compositions and physicochemical properties. 26618467 3 51 theme MATERIALS 345:353 arg1 properties 383:392 MATERIALS AND METHODS Physicochemical properties 345:392 MATERIALS AND METHODS Physicochemical properties 345:392 MATERIALS AND METHODS Physicochemical properties were measured in vitro. 26618467 7 52 theme high 884:887 arg1 resistance 897:906 high initial resistance 884:906 high initial resistance to deformation relative to other groups 884:946 The CaHA/CMC filler had high initial resistance to deformation relative to other groups; all HA fillers exhibited lower initial resistance to deformation, which increased over time. 26618467 5 53 theme nonanimal 579:587 arg1 fillers 611:617 2 nonanimal stabilized HA (NASHA) fillers 577:617 2 nonanimal stabilized HA (NASHA) fillers 577:617 Four homogeneous hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers, 2 nonanimal stabilized HA (NASHA) fillers, and 1 calcium hydroxylapatite/carboxymethyl cellulose (CaHA/CMC) filler were evaluated. 26618467 7 54 theme initial 980:986 arg1 resistance 988:997 lower initial resistance 974:997 lower initial resistance 974:997 The CaHA/CMC filler had high initial resistance to deformation relative to other groups; all HA fillers exhibited lower initial resistance to deformation, which increased over time. 26618467 5 55 theme stabilized 589:598 arg1 NASHA 604:608 NASHA 604:608 NASHA 604:608 Four homogeneous hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers, 2 nonanimal stabilized HA (NASHA) fillers, and 1 calcium hydroxylapatite/carboxymethyl cellulose (CaHA/CMC) filler were evaluated. 26618467 5 55 theme stabilized 589:598 arg1 HA 600:601 stabilized HA 589:601 2 nonanimal stabilized HA (NASHA) fillers 577:617 Four homogeneous hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers, 2 nonanimal stabilized HA (NASHA) fillers, and 1 calcium hydroxylapatite/carboxymethyl cellulose (CaHA/CMC) filler were evaluated. 26618467 1 56 from properties 114:123 arg1 models 163:168 nonclinical animal models 144:168 nonclinical animal models 144:168 BACKGROUND Physicochemical properties and performance in nonclinical animal models can provide insights into soft tissue filler performance. 26618467 7 57 theme lower 974:978 arg1 resistance 988:997 lower initial resistance 974:997 lower initial resistance 974:997 The CaHA/CMC filler had high initial resistance to deformation relative to other groups; all HA fillers exhibited lower initial resistance to deformation, which increased over time. 26618467 4 58 theme lift 464:467 arg1 capacity 469:476 lift capacity 464:476 lift capacity 464:476 Rat models were developed and used to compare lift capacity, resistance to deformation, and tissue integration. 26618467 0 59 dep In 27:28 arg1 Vivo 30:33 Vivo 30:33 Vivo 30:33 Rheological Properties and In Vivo Performance Characteristics of Soft Tissue Fillers. 26618467 5 60 theme HA 600:601 arg1 fillers 611:617 2 nonanimal stabilized HA (NASHA) fillers 577:617 2 nonanimal stabilized HA (NASHA) fillers 577:617 Four homogeneous hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers, 2 nonanimal stabilized HA (NASHA) fillers, and 1 calcium hydroxylapatite/carboxymethyl cellulose (CaHA/CMC) filler were evaluated. 26618467 1 61 theme nonclinical 144:154 arg1 models 163:168 nonclinical animal models 144:168 nonclinical animal models 144:168 BACKGROUND Physicochemical properties and performance in nonclinical animal models can provide insights into soft tissue filler performance. 26618467 6 62 theme > 797:797 arg1 composition/type 767:782 filler composition/type 760:782 filler composition/type (homogeneous > NASHA > CaHA/CMC) 760:815 RESULTS Filler lift capacity correlated better with filler composition/type (homogeneous > NASHA > CaHA/CMC) than with specific rheological properties. 26618467 6 62 theme > 797:797 arg1 CaHA/CMC 807:814 homogeneous > NASHA > CaHA/CMC 785:814 homogeneous > NASHA > CaHA/CMC 785:814 RESULTS Filler lift capacity correlated better with filler composition/type (homogeneous > NASHA > CaHA/CMC) than with specific rheological properties. 26618467 2 63 theme fillers 277:283 arg1 performance 262:272 the in vivo performance 250:272 the in vivo performance of fillers with different compositions and physicochemical properties 250:342 OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in vivo performance of fillers with different compositions and physicochemical properties. 26618467 6 64 theme homogeneous 785:795 arg1 composition/type 767:782 filler composition/type 760:782 filler composition/type (homogeneous > NASHA > CaHA/CMC) 760:815 RESULTS Filler lift capacity correlated better with filler composition/type (homogeneous > NASHA > CaHA/CMC) than with specific rheological properties. 26618467 6 64 theme homogeneous 785:795 arg1 CaHA/CMC 807:814 homogeneous > NASHA > CaHA/CMC 785:814 homogeneous > NASHA > CaHA/CMC 785:814 RESULTS Filler lift capacity correlated better with filler composition/type (homogeneous > NASHA > CaHA/CMC) than with specific rheological properties. 26618467 1 65 theme animal 156:161 arg1 models 163:168 nonclinical animal models 144:168 nonclinical animal models 144:168 BACKGROUND Physicochemical properties and performance in nonclinical animal models can provide insights into soft tissue filler performance. 26618467 9 66 theme animal 1238:1243 arg1 models 1245:1250 The animal models 1234:1250 The animal models 1234:1250 CONCLUSION The animal models provide a platform to make comparative evaluations among fillers. 26618467 7 67 theme initial 889:895 arg1 resistance 897:906 high initial resistance 884:906 high initial resistance to deformation relative to other groups 884:946 The CaHA/CMC filler had high initial resistance to deformation relative to other groups; all HA fillers exhibited lower initial resistance to deformation, which increased over time. 26618467 0 68 theme Tissue 71:76 arg1 Characteristics 47:61 In Vivo Performance Characteristics 27:61 In Vivo Performance Characteristics 27:61 Rheological Properties and In Vivo Performance Characteristics of Soft Tissue Fillers. 26618467 0 68 theme Tissue 71:76 arg1 Properties 12:21 Rheological Properties 0:21 Rheological Properties 0:21 Rheological Properties and In Vivo Performance Characteristics of Soft Tissue Fillers. 26618467 9 69 dep CONCLUSION 1223:1232 arg1 provide 1252:1258 provide 1252:1258 provide a platform to make comparative evaluations among fillers 1252:1315 CONCLUSION The animal models provide a platform to make comparative evaluations among fillers. 26618467 0 70 theme Soft 66:69 arg1 Tissue 71:76 Soft Tissue 66:76 Soft Tissue 66:76 Rheological Properties and In Vivo Performance Characteristics of Soft Tissue Fillers. 26618467 7 71 theme other 935:939 arg1 groups 941:946 other groups 935:946 other groups 935:946 The CaHA/CMC filler had high initial resistance to deformation relative to other groups; all HA fillers exhibited lower initial resistance to deformation, which increased over time. 26618467 11 72 theme composition 1548:1558 arg1 fillers 1529:1535 fillers 1529:1535 fillers of similar composition 1529:1558 Rheology alone was not sufficient to understand filler performance but was most useful when comparing within fillers of similar composition. 28451660 7 0 theme carbohydrates 1199:1211 arg1 degradation 1184:1194 the degradation 1180:1194 the degradation of carbohydrates in gut 1180:1218 The inhibition of genera by catechin could be responsible for the degradation of carbohydrates in gut and the activation of genera might be keystones for the increment of serum leptin. 28451660 0 1 from consequences 11:22 arg1 microbiota 82:91 gut microbiota 78:91 gut microbiota in rats 78:99 Impact and consequences of polyphenols and fructooligosaccharide interplay on gut microbiota in rats. 28451660 2 2 theme FOS 343:345 arg1 impact 333:338 The combination impact 317:338 The combination impact of FOS and polyphenols on rats' gut microbiota and the corresponding consequences on rats 317:428 The combination impact of FOS and polyphenols on rats' gut microbiota and the corresponding consequences on rats were investigated via MiSeq sequencing technique and bioinformatics. 28451660 1 3 theme human 253:257 arg1 health 259:264 human health 253:264 human health 253:264 Both fructooligosaccharide (FOS) and polyphenols can be individually and directly transferred to the large intestine of mammals and are beneficial for human health as they reshape the composition of gut microbiota. 28451660 0 4 from Impact 0:5 arg1 microbiota 82:91 gut microbiota 78:91 gut microbiota in rats 78:99 Impact and consequences of polyphenols and fructooligosaccharide interplay on gut microbiota in rats. 28451660 6 5 from carbohydrates 1012:1024 arg1 feces 1062:1066 feces 1062:1066 feces 1062:1066 On the other aspects, the supplement of catechin controlled the body weight (BW), up-regulated serum leptin, induced more soluble carbohydrates and less soluble polysaccharides in feces, and inhibited or activated some specific genera. 28451660 3 6 theme different 542:550 arg1 compounds 561:569 different phenolic compounds 542:569 different phenolic compounds 542:569 The results showed that the combination of different phenolic compounds and FOS displayed distinct impact on the host. 28451660 6 7 theme serum 977:981 arg1 leptin 983:988 serum leptin 977:988 serum leptin 977:988 On the other aspects, the supplement of catechin controlled the body weight (BW), up-regulated serum leptin, induced more soluble carbohydrates and less soluble polysaccharides in feces, and inhibited or activated some specific genera. 28451660 3 8 theme phenolic 552:559 arg1 compounds 561:569 different phenolic compounds 542:569 different phenolic compounds 542:569 The results showed that the combination of different phenolic compounds and FOS displayed distinct impact on the host. 28451660 5 9 theme short 736:740 arg1 acid 754:757 each short chain fatty acid 731:757 each short chain fatty acid 731:757 Moreover, the content of each short chain fatty acid fluctuated in various groups because different unique bacterial species survived or were inhibited under three conditions. 28451660 2 10 theme corresponding 395:407 arg1 consequences 409:420 the corresponding consequences 391:420 the corresponding consequences on rats 391:428 The combination impact of FOS and polyphenols on rats' gut microbiota and the corresponding consequences on rats were investigated via MiSeq sequencing technique and bioinformatics. 28451660 6 11 theme soluble 1035:1041 arg1 polysaccharides 1043:1057 less soluble polysaccharides 1030:1057 less soluble polysaccharides 1030:1057 On the other aspects, the supplement of catechin controlled the body weight (BW), up-regulated serum leptin, induced more soluble carbohydrates and less soluble polysaccharides in feces, and inhibited or activated some specific genera. 28451660 5 12 theme chain 742:746 arg1 acid 754:757 each short chain fatty acid 731:757 each short chain fatty acid 731:757 Moreover, the content of each short chain fatty acid fluctuated in various groups because different unique bacterial species survived or were inhibited under three conditions. 28451660 6 13 theme other 889:893 arg1 aspects 895:901 the other aspects 885:901 the other aspects 885:901 On the other aspects, the supplement of catechin controlled the body weight (BW), up-regulated serum leptin, induced more soluble carbohydrates and less soluble polysaccharides in feces, and inhibited or activated some specific genera. 28451660 7 14 theme genera 1136:1141 arg1 inhibition 1122:1131 The inhibition 1118:1131 The inhibition of genera by catechin 1118:1153 The inhibition of genera by catechin could be responsible for the degradation of carbohydrates in gut and the activation of genera might be keystones for the increment of serum leptin. 28451660 7 14 theme genera 1136:1141 arg1 responsible 1164:1174 responsible 1164:1174 responsible 1164:1174 The inhibition of genera by catechin could be responsible for the degradation of carbohydrates in gut and the activation of genera might be keystones for the increment of serum leptin. 28451660 7 15 theme serum 1289:1293 arg1 leptin 1295:1300 serum leptin 1289:1300 serum leptin 1289:1300 The inhibition of genera by catechin could be responsible for the degradation of carbohydrates in gut and the activation of genera might be keystones for the increment of serum leptin. 28451660 8 16 theme FOS 1327:1329 arg1 effect 1307:1312 The effect 1303:1312 The effect of consuming FOS and/or polyphenols on the health of hosts 1303:1371 The effect of consuming FOS and/or polyphenols on the health of hosts needs to be further explored. 28451660 2 17 theme gut 372:374 arg1 microbiota 376:385 gut microbiota 372:385 gut microbiota 372:385 The combination impact of FOS and polyphenols on rats' gut microbiota and the corresponding consequences on rats were investigated via MiSeq sequencing technique and bioinformatics. 28451660 5 18 theme unique 806:811 arg1 species 823:829 different unique bacterial species 796:829 different unique bacterial species 796:829 Moreover, the content of each short chain fatty acid fluctuated in various groups because different unique bacterial species survived or were inhibited under three conditions. 28451660 5 19 theme fatty 748:752 arg1 acid 754:757 each short chain fatty acid 731:757 each short chain fatty acid 731:757 Moreover, the content of each short chain fatty acid fluctuated in various groups because different unique bacterial species survived or were inhibited under three conditions. 28451660 3 20 theme FOS 575:577 arg1 combination 527:537 the combination 523:537 the combination of different phenolic compounds and FOS 523:577 The results showed that the combination of different phenolic compounds and FOS displayed distinct impact on the host. 28451660 7 21 theme leptin 1295:1300 arg1 increment 1276:1284 the increment 1272:1284 the increment of serum leptin 1272:1300 The inhibition of genera by catechin could be responsible for the degradation of carbohydrates in gut and the activation of genera might be keystones for the increment of serum leptin. 28451660 5 22 theme bacterial 813:821 arg1 species 823:829 different unique bacterial species 796:829 different unique bacterial species 796:829 Moreover, the content of each short chain fatty acid fluctuated in various groups because different unique bacterial species survived or were inhibited under three conditions. 28451660 6 23 from polysaccharides 1043:1057 arg1 feces 1062:1066 feces 1062:1066 feces 1062:1066 On the other aspects, the supplement of catechin controlled the body weight (BW), up-regulated serum leptin, induced more soluble carbohydrates and less soluble polysaccharides in feces, and inhibited or activated some specific genera. 28451660 8 24 theme polyphenols 1338:1348 arg1 effect 1307:1312 The effect 1303:1312 The effect of consuming FOS and/or polyphenols on the health of hosts 1303:1371 The effect of consuming FOS and/or polyphenols on the health of hosts needs to be further explored. 28451660 3 25 theme compounds 561:569 arg1 combination 527:537 the combination 523:537 the combination of different phenolic compounds and FOS 523:577 The results showed that the combination of different phenolic compounds and FOS displayed distinct impact on the host. 28451660 4 26 theme catechin 634:641 arg1 addition 622:629 The addition 618:629 The addition of catechin to a FOS diet 618:655 The addition of catechin to a FOS diet inhibited Firmicutes and enhanced Bacteroidetes. 28451660 1 27 theme large 203:207 arg1 intestine 209:217 the large intestine 199:217 the large intestine of mammals 199:228 Both fructooligosaccharide (FOS) and polyphenols can be individually and directly transferred to the large intestine of mammals and are beneficial for human health as they reshape the composition of gut microbiota. 28451660 5 28 theme various 773:779 arg1 groups 781:786 various groups 773:786 various groups 773:786 Moreover, the content of each short chain fatty acid fluctuated in various groups because different unique bacterial species survived or were inhibited under three conditions. 28451660 0 29 from microbiota 82:91 arg1 rats 96:99 rats 96:99 rats 96:99 Impact and consequences of polyphenols and fructooligosaccharide interplay on gut microbiota in rats. 28451660 8 30 theme hosts 1367:1371 arg1 health 1357:1362 the health 1353:1362 the health of hosts 1353:1371 The effect of consuming FOS and/or polyphenols on the health of hosts needs to be further explored. 28451660 2 31 theme sequencing 458:467 arg1 technique 469:477 MiSeq sequencing technique 452:477 MiSeq sequencing technique 452:477 The combination impact of FOS and polyphenols on rats' gut microbiota and the corresponding consequences on rats were investigated via MiSeq sequencing technique and bioinformatics. 28451660 0 32 theme polyphenols 27:37 arg1 consequences 11:22 consequences 11:22 consequences 11:22 Impact and consequences of polyphenols and fructooligosaccharide interplay on gut microbiota in rats. 28451660 0 32 theme polyphenols 27:37 arg1 Impact 0:5 Impact 0:5 Impact 0:5 Impact and consequences of polyphenols and fructooligosaccharide interplay on gut microbiota in rats. 28451660 7 33 from degradation 1184:1194 arg1 gut 1216:1218 gut 1216:1218 gut 1216:1218 The inhibition of genera by catechin could be responsible for the degradation of carbohydrates in gut and the activation of genera might be keystones for the increment of serum leptin. 28451660 0 34 theme interplay 65:73 arg1 consequences 11:22 consequences 11:22 consequences 11:22 Impact and consequences of polyphenols and fructooligosaccharide interplay on gut microbiota in rats. 28451660 0 34 theme interplay 65:73 arg1 Impact 0:5 Impact 0:5 Impact 0:5 Impact and consequences of polyphenols and fructooligosaccharide interplay on gut microbiota in rats. 28451660 1 35 theme gut 301:303 arg1 microbiota 305:314 gut microbiota 301:314 gut microbiota 301:314 Both fructooligosaccharide (FOS) and polyphenols can be individually and directly transferred to the large intestine of mammals and are beneficial for human health as they reshape the composition of gut microbiota. 28451660 5 36 theme different 796:804 arg1 species 823:829 different unique bacterial species 796:829 different unique bacterial species 796:829 Moreover, the content of each short chain fatty acid fluctuated in various groups because different unique bacterial species survived or were inhibited under three conditions. 28451660 5 37 theme acid 754:757 arg1 content 720:726 the content 716:726 the content of each short chain fatty acid 716:757 Moreover, the content of each short chain fatty acid fluctuated in various groups because different unique bacterial species survived or were inhibited under three conditions. 28451660 3 38 theme distinct 589:596 arg1 impact 598:603 distinct impact 589:603 distinct impact 589:603 The results showed that the combination of different phenolic compounds and FOS displayed distinct impact on the host. 28451660 2 39 from rats 366:369 arg1 rats 425:428 rats 425:428 rats 425:428 The combination impact of FOS and polyphenols on rats' gut microbiota and the corresponding consequences on rats were investigated via MiSeq sequencing technique and bioinformatics. 28451660 0 40 theme fructooligosaccharide 43:63 arg1 interplay 65:73 fructooligosaccharide interplay 43:73 fructooligosaccharide interplay 43:73 Impact and consequences of polyphenols and fructooligosaccharide interplay on gut microbiota in rats. 28451660 1 41 theme microbiota 305:314 arg1 composition 286:296 the composition 282:296 the composition of gut microbiota 282:314 Both fructooligosaccharide (FOS) and polyphenols can be individually and directly transferred to the large intestine of mammals and are beneficial for human health as they reshape the composition of gut microbiota. 28451660 7 42 theme genera 1242:1247 arg1 keystones 1258:1266 keystones 1258:1266 keystones 1258:1266 The inhibition of genera by catechin could be responsible for the degradation of carbohydrates in gut and the activation of genera might be keystones for the increment of serum leptin. 28451660 7 42 theme genera 1242:1247 arg1 activation 1228:1237 the activation 1224:1237 the activation of genera 1224:1247 The inhibition of genera by catechin could be responsible for the degradation of carbohydrates in gut and the activation of genera might be keystones for the increment of serum leptin. 28451660 8 43 from effect 1307:1312 arg1 health 1357:1362 the health 1353:1362 the health of hosts 1353:1371 The effect of consuming FOS and/or polyphenols on the health of hosts needs to be further explored. 28451660 2 44 theme combination 321:331 arg1 impact 333:338 The combination impact 317:338 The combination impact of FOS and polyphenols on rats' gut microbiota and the corresponding consequences on rats 317:428 The combination impact of FOS and polyphenols on rats' gut microbiota and the corresponding consequences on rats were investigated via MiSeq sequencing technique and bioinformatics. 28451660 1 45 theme mammals 222:228 arg1 intestine 209:217 the large intestine 199:217 the large intestine of mammals 199:228 Both fructooligosaccharide (FOS) and polyphenols can be individually and directly transferred to the large intestine of mammals and are beneficial for human health as they reshape the composition of gut microbiota. 28451660 2 46 dep rats 366:369 arg1 microbiota 376:385 gut microbiota 372:385 gut microbiota 372:385 The combination impact of FOS and polyphenols on rats' gut microbiota and the corresponding consequences on rats were investigated via MiSeq sequencing technique and bioinformatics. 28451660 6 47 theme specific 1101:1108 arg1 genera 1110:1115 some specific genera 1096:1115 some specific genera 1096:1115 On the other aspects, the supplement of catechin controlled the body weight (BW), up-regulated serum leptin, induced more soluble carbohydrates and less soluble polysaccharides in feces, and inhibited or activated some specific genera. 28451660 6 48 theme soluble 1004:1010 arg1 carbohydrates 1012:1024 more soluble carbohydrates 999:1024 more soluble carbohydrates 999:1024 On the other aspects, the supplement of catechin controlled the body weight (BW), up-regulated serum leptin, induced more soluble carbohydrates and less soluble polysaccharides in feces, and inhibited or activated some specific genera. 28451660 0 49 theme gut 78:80 arg1 microbiota 82:91 gut microbiota 78:91 gut microbiota in rats 78:99 Impact and consequences of polyphenols and fructooligosaccharide interplay on gut microbiota in rats. 28451660 8 50 theme consuming 1317:1325 arg1 FOS 1327:1329 consuming FOS 1317:1329 consuming FOS 1317:1329 The effect of consuming FOS and/or polyphenols on the health of hosts needs to be further explored. 28451660 4 51 theme FOS 648:650 arg1 diet 652:655 a FOS diet 646:655 a FOS diet 646:655 The addition of catechin to a FOS diet inhibited Firmicutes and enhanced Bacteroidetes. 28451660 2 52 theme MiSeq 452:456 arg1 technique 469:477 MiSeq sequencing technique 452:477 MiSeq sequencing technique 452:477 The combination impact of FOS and polyphenols on rats' gut microbiota and the corresponding consequences on rats were investigated via MiSeq sequencing technique and bioinformatics. 28451660 6 53 theme catechin 922:929 arg1 supplement 908:917 the supplement 904:917 the supplement 904:917 On the other aspects, the supplement of catechin controlled the body weight (BW), up-regulated serum leptin, induced more soluble carbohydrates and less soluble polysaccharides in feces, and inhibited or activated some specific genera. 28451660 2 54 from consequences 409:420 arg1 rats 425:428 rats 425:428 rats 425:428 The combination impact of FOS and polyphenols on rats' gut microbiota and the corresponding consequences on rats were investigated via MiSeq sequencing technique and bioinformatics. 28451660 2 55 theme polyphenols 351:361 arg1 impact 333:338 The combination impact 317:338 The combination impact of FOS and polyphenols on rats' gut microbiota and the corresponding consequences on rats 317:428 The combination impact of FOS and polyphenols on rats' gut microbiota and the corresponding consequences on rats were investigated via MiSeq sequencing technique and bioinformatics. 28451660 6 56 theme body 946:949 arg1 BW 959:960 BW 959:960 BW 959:960 On the other aspects, the supplement of catechin controlled the body weight (BW), up-regulated serum leptin, induced more soluble carbohydrates and less soluble polysaccharides in feces, and inhibited or activated some specific genera. 28451660 6 56 theme body 946:949 arg1 weight 951:956 the body weight 942:956 the body weight (BW) 942:961 On the other aspects, the supplement of catechin controlled the body weight (BW), up-regulated serum leptin, induced more soluble carbohydrates and less soluble polysaccharides in feces, and inhibited or activated some specific genera. 29231215 4 0 theme actin 904:908 arg1 polymerization 910:923 an actin polymerization 901:923 an actin polymerization inhibitor 901:933 To confirm the hypothesis, rat osteoblasts on bare titanium implants (Ti) and nCT were subjected to normal serum (NS), diabetic serum (DS), DS + NAC (a potent ROS inhibitor) and DS + cytochalasin D (an actin polymerization inhibitor). 29231215 6 1 theme nCT 1266:1268 arg1 substrate 1270:1278 nCT substrate 1266:1278 nCT substrate 1266:1278 nCT substrate reactivated the FAK-BMP-2/Smad pathway, thus reversing osteoblast dysfunction, which exerted a similar effect to NAC treatment on Ti. 29231215 3 2 theme BMP-2/Smad 515:524 arg1 pathway 526:532 the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway 474:532 the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway 474:532 We proposed that the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway played a role in mediating the promotive effect of nCTs on osteoblast adhesion and differentiation under diabetes-induced high reactive oxygen species (ROS) condition. 29231215 6 3 theme similar 1375:1381 arg1 effect 1383:1388 a similar effect 1373:1388 a similar effect to NAC treatment on Ti 1373:1411 nCT substrate reactivated the FAK-BMP-2/Smad pathway, thus reversing osteoblast dysfunction, which exerted a similar effect to NAC treatment on Ti. 29231215 6 4 from effect 1383:1388 arg1 Ti 1410:1411 Ti 1410:1411 Ti 1410:1411 nCT substrate reactivated the FAK-BMP-2/Smad pathway, thus reversing osteoblast dysfunction, which exerted a similar effect to NAC treatment on Ti. 29231215 4 5 from osteoblasts 733:743 arg1 implants 762:769 bare titanium implants 748:769 bare titanium implants (Ti) 748:774 To confirm the hypothesis, rat osteoblasts on bare titanium implants (Ti) and nCT were subjected to normal serum (NS), diabetic serum (DS), DS + NAC (a potent ROS inhibitor) and DS + cytochalasin D (an actin polymerization inhibitor). 29231215 4 5 from osteoblasts 733:743 arg1 Ti 772:773 Ti 772:773 Ti 772:773 To confirm the hypothesis, rat osteoblasts on bare titanium implants (Ti) and nCT were subjected to normal serum (NS), diabetic serum (DS), DS + NAC (a potent ROS inhibitor) and DS + cytochalasin D (an actin polymerization inhibitor). 29231215 4 5 from osteoblasts 733:743 arg1 nCT 780:782 nCT 780:782 nCT 780:782 To confirm the hypothesis, rat osteoblasts on bare titanium implants (Ti) and nCT were subjected to normal serum (NS), diabetic serum (DS), DS + NAC (a potent ROS inhibitor) and DS + cytochalasin D (an actin polymerization inhibitor). 29231215 5 6 theme suppressed 1212:1221 arg1 phosphorylation 1249:1263 suppressed BMP-2-dependent Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation 1212:1263 suppressed BMP-2-dependent Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation 1212:1263 In vivo on diabetic sheep implanted with Ti or nCT showed that diabetes-induced ROS overproduction impaired osteoblast adhesion, evidenced by immunostaining of F-actin and vinculin and morphological observation through inhibition of FAK phosphorylation, which contributed to suppressed BMP-2-dependent Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation. 29231215 5 7 theme Smad1/5/8 1239:1247 arg1 phosphorylation 1249:1263 suppressed BMP-2-dependent Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation 1212:1263 suppressed BMP-2-dependent Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation 1212:1263 In vivo on diabetic sheep implanted with Ti or nCT showed that diabetes-induced ROS overproduction impaired osteoblast adhesion, evidenced by immunostaining of F-actin and vinculin and morphological observation through inhibition of FAK phosphorylation, which contributed to suppressed BMP-2-dependent Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation. 29231215 0 8 theme composite 120:128 arg1 implant 146:152 nano-HA/chitosan composite coated titanium implant 103:152 nano-HA/chitosan composite coated titanium implant under diabetic conditions 103:178 Involvement of FAK-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway in mediating osteoblast adhesion and differentiation on nano-HA/chitosan composite coated titanium implant under diabetic conditions. 29231215 5 9 theme vinculin 1109:1116 arg1 observation 1136:1146 morphological observation 1122:1146 morphological observation through inhibition of FAK phosphorylation, which contributed to suppressed BMP-2-dependent Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation 1122:1263 In vivo on diabetic sheep implanted with Ti or nCT showed that diabetes-induced ROS overproduction impaired osteoblast adhesion, evidenced by immunostaining of F-actin and vinculin and morphological observation through inhibition of FAK phosphorylation, which contributed to suppressed BMP-2-dependent Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation. 29231215 5 9 theme vinculin 1109:1116 arg1 immunostaining 1079:1092 immunostaining 1079:1092 immunostaining of F-actin and vinculin 1079:1116 In vivo on diabetic sheep implanted with Ti or nCT showed that diabetes-induced ROS overproduction impaired osteoblast adhesion, evidenced by immunostaining of F-actin and vinculin and morphological observation through inhibition of FAK phosphorylation, which contributed to suppressed BMP-2-dependent Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation. 29231215 2 10 theme nanophase 303:311 arg1 nCT 362:364 nCT 362:364 nCT 362:364 Here nanophase HA/CS composite coated porous titanium implants (nCT) were fabricated and their biological behavior under diabetic conditions was investigated. 29231215 2 10 theme nanophase 303:311 arg1 implants 352:359 nanophase HA/CS composite coated porous titanium implants 303:359 nanophase HA/CS composite coated porous titanium implants (nCT) 303:365 Here nanophase HA/CS composite coated porous titanium implants (nCT) were fabricated and their biological behavior under diabetic conditions was investigated. 29231215 5 11 theme BMP-2-dependent 1223:1237 arg1 phosphorylation 1249:1263 suppressed BMP-2-dependent Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation 1212:1263 suppressed BMP-2-dependent Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation 1212:1263 In vivo on diabetic sheep implanted with Ti or nCT showed that diabetes-induced ROS overproduction impaired osteoblast adhesion, evidenced by immunostaining of F-actin and vinculin and morphological observation through inhibition of FAK phosphorylation, which contributed to suppressed BMP-2-dependent Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation. 29231215 7 12 theme histological 1536:1547 arg1 examinations 1549:1560 histological examinations 1536:1560 histological examinations 1536:1560 These effects were further confirmed by improved osteointegration within nCT in diabetic sheep, evidenced by micro-CT and histological examinations. 29231215 0 13 theme nano-HA/chitosan 103:118 arg1 implant 146:152 nano-HA/chitosan composite coated titanium implant 103:152 nano-HA/chitosan composite coated titanium implant under diabetic conditions 103:178 Involvement of FAK-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway in mediating osteoblast adhesion and differentiation on nano-HA/chitosan composite coated titanium implant under diabetic conditions. 29231215 5 14 theme diabetes-induced 1000:1015 arg1 overproduction 1021:1034 diabetes-induced ROS overproduction 1000:1034 diabetes-induced ROS overproduction 1000:1034 In vivo on diabetic sheep implanted with Ti or nCT showed that diabetes-induced ROS overproduction impaired osteoblast adhesion, evidenced by immunostaining of F-actin and vinculin and morphological observation through inhibition of FAK phosphorylation, which contributed to suppressed BMP-2-dependent Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation. 29231215 8 15 theme diabetic 1811:1818 arg1 conditions 1820:1829 diabetic conditions 1811:1829 diabetic conditions 1811:1829 Our study demonstrated that reactivation of the FAK-BMP-2/Smad pathway was involved in improving osteoblast adhesion and differentiation by nano-HA/CS composite coating, potentially directing biomaterial modification and biofunctionalization under diabetic conditions. 29231215 4 16 theme polymerization 910:923 arg1 inhibitor 925:933 an actin polymerization inhibitor 901:933 an actin polymerization inhibitor 901:933 To confirm the hypothesis, rat osteoblasts on bare titanium implants (Ti) and nCT were subjected to normal serum (NS), diabetic serum (DS), DS + NAC (a potent ROS inhibitor) and DS + cytochalasin D (an actin polymerization inhibitor). 29231215 4 16 theme polymerization 910:923 arg1 DS 880:881 DS 880:881 DS 880:881 To confirm the hypothesis, rat osteoblasts on bare titanium implants (Ti) and nCT were subjected to normal serum (NS), diabetic serum (DS), DS + NAC (a potent ROS inhibitor) and DS + cytochalasin D (an actin polymerization inhibitor). 29231215 1 17 theme bone 279:282 arg1 regeneration 284:295 bone regeneration 279:295 bone regeneration 279:295 Chitosan (CS)-based hydroxyapatite (HA) composites have emerged as a novel strategy for promoting bone regeneration. 29231215 0 18 theme titanium 137:144 arg1 implant 146:152 nano-HA/chitosan composite coated titanium implant 103:152 nano-HA/chitosan composite coated titanium implant under diabetic conditions 103:178 Involvement of FAK-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway in mediating osteoblast adhesion and differentiation on nano-HA/chitosan composite coated titanium implant under diabetic conditions. 29231215 5 19 theme ROS 1017:1019 arg1 overproduction 1021:1034 diabetes-induced ROS overproduction 1000:1034 diabetes-induced ROS overproduction 1000:1034 In vivo on diabetic sheep implanted with Ti or nCT showed that diabetes-induced ROS overproduction impaired osteoblast adhesion, evidenced by immunostaining of F-actin and vinculin and morphological observation through inhibition of FAK phosphorylation, which contributed to suppressed BMP-2-dependent Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation. 29231215 4 20 theme diabetic 821:828 arg1 serum 830:834 diabetic serum 821:834 diabetic serum (DS) 821:839 To confirm the hypothesis, rat osteoblasts on bare titanium implants (Ti) and nCT were subjected to normal serum (NS), diabetic serum (DS), DS + NAC (a potent ROS inhibitor) and DS + cytochalasin D (an actin polymerization inhibitor). 29231215 4 20 theme diabetic 821:828 arg1 DS 837:838 DS 837:838 DS 837:838 To confirm the hypothesis, rat osteoblasts on bare titanium implants (Ti) and nCT were subjected to normal serum (NS), diabetic serum (DS), DS + NAC (a potent ROS inhibitor) and DS + cytochalasin D (an actin polymerization inhibitor). 29231215 4 21 theme titanium 753:760 arg1 implants 762:769 bare titanium implants 748:769 bare titanium implants (Ti) 748:774 To confirm the hypothesis, rat osteoblasts on bare titanium implants (Ti) and nCT were subjected to normal serum (NS), diabetic serum (DS), DS + NAC (a potent ROS inhibitor) and DS + cytochalasin D (an actin polymerization inhibitor). 29231215 4 21 theme titanium 753:760 arg1 Ti 772:773 Ti 772:773 Ti 772:773 To confirm the hypothesis, rat osteoblasts on bare titanium implants (Ti) and nCT were subjected to normal serum (NS), diabetic serum (DS), DS + NAC (a potent ROS inhibitor) and DS + cytochalasin D (an actin polymerization inhibitor). 29231215 1 22 theme hydroxyapatite 201:214 arg1 composites 221:230 Chitosan (CS)-based hydroxyapatite (HA) composites 181:230 Chitosan (CS)-based hydroxyapatite (HA) composites 181:230 Chitosan (CS)-based hydroxyapatite (HA) composites have emerged as a novel strategy for promoting bone regeneration. 29231215 0 23 theme coated 130:135 arg1 implant 146:152 nano-HA/chitosan composite coated titanium implant 103:152 nano-HA/chitosan composite coated titanium implant under diabetic conditions 103:178 Involvement of FAK-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway in mediating osteoblast adhesion and differentiation on nano-HA/chitosan composite coated titanium implant under diabetic conditions. 29231215 6 24 theme osteoblast 1335:1344 arg1 dysfunction 1346:1356 osteoblast dysfunction 1335:1356 osteoblast dysfunction 1335:1356 nCT substrate reactivated the FAK-BMP-2/Smad pathway, thus reversing osteoblast dysfunction, which exerted a similar effect to NAC treatment on Ti. 29231215 8 25 theme biomaterial 1755:1765 arg1 modification 1767:1778 biomaterial modification 1755:1778 biomaterial modification 1755:1778 Our study demonstrated that reactivation of the FAK-BMP-2/Smad pathway was involved in improving osteoblast adhesion and differentiation by nano-HA/CS composite coating, potentially directing biomaterial modification and biofunctionalization under diabetic conditions. 29231215 1 26 theme -based 194:199 arg1 composites 221:230 Chitosan (CS)-based hydroxyapatite (HA) composites 181:230 Chitosan (CS)-based hydroxyapatite (HA) composites 181:230 Chitosan (CS)-based hydroxyapatite (HA) composites have emerged as a novel strategy for promoting bone regeneration. 29231215 2 27 theme porous 336:341 arg1 nCT 362:364 nCT 362:364 nCT 362:364 Here nanophase HA/CS composite coated porous titanium implants (nCT) were fabricated and their biological behavior under diabetic conditions was investigated. 29231215 2 27 theme porous 336:341 arg1 implants 352:359 nanophase HA/CS composite coated porous titanium implants 303:359 nanophase HA/CS composite coated porous titanium implants (nCT) 303:365 Here nanophase HA/CS composite coated porous titanium implants (nCT) were fabricated and their biological behavior under diabetic conditions was investigated. 29231215 2 28 theme biological 393:402 arg1 behavior 404:411 their biological behavior 387:411 their biological behavior under diabetic conditions 387:437 Here nanophase HA/CS composite coated porous titanium implants (nCT) were fabricated and their biological behavior under diabetic conditions was investigated. 29231215 7 29 theme improved 1454:1461 arg1 osteointegration 1463:1478 improved osteointegration 1454:1478 improved osteointegration within nCT in diabetic sheep 1454:1507 These effects were further confirmed by improved osteointegration within nCT in diabetic sheep, evidenced by micro-CT and histological examinations. 29231215 7 30 theme diabetic 1494:1501 arg1 sheep 1503:1507 diabetic sheep 1494:1507 diabetic sheep 1494:1507 These effects were further confirmed by improved osteointegration within nCT in diabetic sheep, evidenced by micro-CT and histological examinations. 29231215 2 31 theme coated 329:334 arg1 nCT 362:364 nCT 362:364 nCT 362:364 Here nanophase HA/CS composite coated porous titanium implants (nCT) were fabricated and their biological behavior under diabetic conditions was investigated. 29231215 2 31 theme coated 329:334 arg1 implants 352:359 nanophase HA/CS composite coated porous titanium implants 303:359 nanophase HA/CS composite coated porous titanium implants (nCT) 303:365 Here nanophase HA/CS composite coated porous titanium implants (nCT) were fabricated and their biological behavior under diabetic conditions was investigated. 29231215 0 32 theme BMP-2/Smad 28:37 arg1 pathway 39:45 FAK-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway 15:45 FAK-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway 15:45 Involvement of FAK-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway in mediating osteoblast adhesion and differentiation on nano-HA/chitosan composite coated titanium implant under diabetic conditions. 29231215 4 33 theme bare 748:751 arg1 implants 762:769 bare titanium implants 748:769 bare titanium implants (Ti) 748:774 To confirm the hypothesis, rat osteoblasts on bare titanium implants (Ti) and nCT were subjected to normal serum (NS), diabetic serum (DS), DS + NAC (a potent ROS inhibitor) and DS + cytochalasin D (an actin polymerization inhibitor). 29231215 4 33 theme bare 748:751 arg1 Ti 772:773 Ti 772:773 Ti 772:773 To confirm the hypothesis, rat osteoblasts on bare titanium implants (Ti) and nCT were subjected to normal serum (NS), diabetic serum (DS), DS + NAC (a potent ROS inhibitor) and DS + cytochalasin D (an actin polymerization inhibitor). 29231215 4 34 theme ROS 861:863 arg1 inhibitor 865:873 a potent ROS inhibitor 852:873 a potent ROS inhibitor 852:873 To confirm the hypothesis, rat osteoblasts on bare titanium implants (Ti) and nCT were subjected to normal serum (NS), diabetic serum (DS), DS + NAC (a potent ROS inhibitor) and DS + cytochalasin D (an actin polymerization inhibitor). 29231215 4 34 theme ROS 861:863 arg1 DS 842:843 DS 842:843 DS 842:843 To confirm the hypothesis, rat osteoblasts on bare titanium implants (Ti) and nCT were subjected to normal serum (NS), diabetic serum (DS), DS + NAC (a potent ROS inhibitor) and DS + cytochalasin D (an actin polymerization inhibitor). 29231215 5 35 theme diabetic 948:955 arg1 sheep 957:961 diabetic sheep 948:961 diabetic sheep implanted with Ti or nCT 948:986 In vivo on diabetic sheep implanted with Ti or nCT showed that diabetes-induced ROS overproduction impaired osteoblast adhesion, evidenced by immunostaining of F-actin and vinculin and morphological observation through inhibition of FAK phosphorylation, which contributed to suppressed BMP-2-dependent Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation. 29231215 2 36 theme composite 319:327 arg1 nCT 362:364 nCT 362:364 nCT 362:364 Here nanophase HA/CS composite coated porous titanium implants (nCT) were fabricated and their biological behavior under diabetic conditions was investigated. 29231215 2 36 theme composite 319:327 arg1 implants 352:359 nanophase HA/CS composite coated porous titanium implants 303:359 nanophase HA/CS composite coated porous titanium implants (nCT) 303:365 Here nanophase HA/CS composite coated porous titanium implants (nCT) were fabricated and their biological behavior under diabetic conditions was investigated. 29231215 3 37 theme adhesion 484:491 arg1 FAK 501:503 FAK 501:503 FAK 501:503 We proposed that the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway played a role in mediating the promotive effect of nCTs on osteoblast adhesion and differentiation under diabetes-induced high reactive oxygen species (ROS) condition. 29231215 3 37 theme adhesion 484:491 arg1 kinase 493:498 the focal adhesion kinase 474:498 the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway 474:532 We proposed that the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway played a role in mediating the promotive effect of nCTs on osteoblast adhesion and differentiation under diabetes-induced high reactive oxygen species (ROS) condition. 29231215 0 38 theme FAK-mediated 15:26 arg1 pathway 39:45 FAK-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway 15:45 FAK-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway 15:45 Involvement of FAK-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway in mediating osteoblast adhesion and differentiation on nano-HA/chitosan composite coated titanium implant under diabetic conditions. 29231215 4 39 theme potent 854:859 arg1 inhibitor 865:873 a potent ROS inhibitor 852:873 a potent ROS inhibitor 852:873 To confirm the hypothesis, rat osteoblasts on bare titanium implants (Ti) and nCT were subjected to normal serum (NS), diabetic serum (DS), DS + NAC (a potent ROS inhibitor) and DS + cytochalasin D (an actin polymerization inhibitor). 29231215 4 39 theme potent 854:859 arg1 DS 842:843 DS 842:843 DS 842:843 To confirm the hypothesis, rat osteoblasts on bare titanium implants (Ti) and nCT were subjected to normal serum (NS), diabetic serum (DS), DS + NAC (a potent ROS inhibitor) and DS + cytochalasin D (an actin polymerization inhibitor). 29231215 3 40 theme species 677:683 arg1 condition 691:699 diabetes-induced high reactive oxygen species (ROS) condition 639:699 diabetes-induced high reactive oxygen species (ROS) condition 639:699 We proposed that the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway played a role in mediating the promotive effect of nCTs on osteoblast adhesion and differentiation under diabetes-induced high reactive oxygen species (ROS) condition. 29231215 2 41 theme HA/CS 313:317 arg1 nCT 362:364 nCT 362:364 nCT 362:364 Here nanophase HA/CS composite coated porous titanium implants (nCT) were fabricated and their biological behavior under diabetic conditions was investigated. 29231215 2 41 theme HA/CS 313:317 arg1 implants 352:359 nanophase HA/CS composite coated porous titanium implants 303:359 nanophase HA/CS composite coated porous titanium implants (nCT) 303:365 Here nanophase HA/CS composite coated porous titanium implants (nCT) were fabricated and their biological behavior under diabetic conditions was investigated. 29231215 3 42 theme kinase 493:498 arg1 pathway 526:532 the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway 474:532 the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway 474:532 We proposed that the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway played a role in mediating the promotive effect of nCTs on osteoblast adhesion and differentiation under diabetes-induced high reactive oxygen species (ROS) condition. 29231215 5 43 theme morphological 1122:1134 arg1 observation 1136:1146 morphological observation 1122:1146 morphological observation through inhibition of FAK phosphorylation, which contributed to suppressed BMP-2-dependent Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation 1122:1263 In vivo on diabetic sheep implanted with Ti or nCT showed that diabetes-induced ROS overproduction impaired osteoblast adhesion, evidenced by immunostaining of F-actin and vinculin and morphological observation through inhibition of FAK phosphorylation, which contributed to suppressed BMP-2-dependent Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation. 29231215 0 44 theme pathway 39:45 arg1 Involvement 0:10 Involvement 0:10 Involvement of FAK-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway in mediating osteoblast adhesion and differentiation on nano-HA/chitosan composite coated titanium implant under diabetic conditions. 0:179 Involvement of FAK-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway in mediating osteoblast adhesion and differentiation on nano-HA/chitosan composite coated titanium implant under diabetic conditions. 29231215 0 45 theme diabetic 160:167 arg1 conditions 169:178 diabetic conditions 160:178 diabetic conditions 160:178 Involvement of FAK-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway in mediating osteoblast adhesion and differentiation on nano-HA/chitosan composite coated titanium implant under diabetic conditions. 29231215 3 46 theme reactive 661:668 arg1 species 677:683 diabetes-induced high reactive oxygen species 639:683 diabetes-induced high reactive oxygen species (ROS) condition 639:699 We proposed that the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway played a role in mediating the promotive effect of nCTs on osteoblast adhesion and differentiation under diabetes-induced high reactive oxygen species (ROS) condition. 29231215 3 46 theme reactive 661:668 arg1 ROS 686:688 ROS 686:688 ROS 686:688 We proposed that the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway played a role in mediating the promotive effect of nCTs on osteoblast adhesion and differentiation under diabetes-induced high reactive oxygen species (ROS) condition. 29231215 8 47 theme pathway 1626:1632 arg1 reactivation 1591:1602 reactivation 1591:1602 reactivation of the FAK-BMP-2/Smad pathway 1591:1632 Our study demonstrated that reactivation of the FAK-BMP-2/Smad pathway was involved in improving osteoblast adhesion and differentiation by nano-HA/CS composite coating, potentially directing biomaterial modification and biofunctionalization under diabetic conditions. 29231215 2 48 theme diabetic 419:426 arg1 conditions 428:437 diabetic conditions 419:437 diabetic conditions 419:437 Here nanophase HA/CS composite coated porous titanium implants (nCT) were fabricated and their biological behavior under diabetic conditions was investigated. 29231215 0 49 theme osteoblast 60:69 arg1 adhesion 71:78 osteoblast adhesion 60:78 osteoblast adhesion 60:78 Involvement of FAK-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway in mediating osteoblast adhesion and differentiation on nano-HA/chitosan composite coated titanium implant under diabetic conditions. 29231215 6 50 theme FAK-BMP-2/Smad 1296:1309 arg1 pathway 1311:1317 the FAK-BMP-2/Smad pathway 1292:1317 the FAK-BMP-2/Smad pathway 1292:1317 nCT substrate reactivated the FAK-BMP-2/Smad pathway, thus reversing osteoblast dysfunction, which exerted a similar effect to NAC treatment on Ti. 29231215 3 51 theme oxygen 670:675 arg1 species 677:683 diabetes-induced high reactive oxygen species 639:683 diabetes-induced high reactive oxygen species (ROS) condition 639:699 We proposed that the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway played a role in mediating the promotive effect of nCTs on osteoblast adhesion and differentiation under diabetes-induced high reactive oxygen species (ROS) condition. 29231215 3 51 theme oxygen 670:675 arg1 ROS 686:688 ROS 686:688 ROS 686:688 We proposed that the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway played a role in mediating the promotive effect of nCTs on osteoblast adhesion and differentiation under diabetes-induced high reactive oxygen species (ROS) condition. 29231215 7 52 from osteointegration 1463:1478 arg1 sheep 1503:1507 diabetic sheep 1494:1507 diabetic sheep 1494:1507 These effects were further confirmed by improved osteointegration within nCT in diabetic sheep, evidenced by micro-CT and histological examinations. 29231215 4 53 theme rat 729:731 arg1 osteoblasts 733:743 rat osteoblasts 729:743 rat osteoblasts on bare titanium implants (Ti) and nCT 729:782 To confirm the hypothesis, rat osteoblasts on bare titanium implants (Ti) and nCT were subjected to normal serum (NS), diabetic serum (DS), DS + NAC (a potent ROS inhibitor) and DS + cytochalasin D (an actin polymerization inhibitor). 29231215 8 54 theme osteoblast 1660:1669 arg1 adhesion 1671:1678 osteoblast adhesion 1660:1678 osteoblast adhesion 1660:1678 Our study demonstrated that reactivation of the FAK-BMP-2/Smad pathway was involved in improving osteoblast adhesion and differentiation by nano-HA/CS composite coating, potentially directing biomaterial modification and biofunctionalization under diabetic conditions. 29231215 7 55 dep confirmed 1441:1449 arg1 evidenced 1510:1518 evidenced 1510:1518 evidenced by micro-CT and histological examinations 1510:1560 These effects were further confirmed by improved osteointegration within nCT in diabetic sheep, evidenced by micro-CT and histological examinations. 29231215 3 56 theme osteoblast 593:602 arg1 adhesion 604:611 osteoblast adhesion 593:611 osteoblast adhesion 593:611 We proposed that the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway played a role in mediating the promotive effect of nCTs on osteoblast adhesion and differentiation under diabetes-induced high reactive oxygen species (ROS) condition. 29231215 3 57 theme -mediated 505:513 arg1 pathway 526:532 the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway 474:532 the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway 474:532 We proposed that the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway played a role in mediating the promotive effect of nCTs on osteoblast adhesion and differentiation under diabetes-induced high reactive oxygen species (ROS) condition. 29231215 4 58 theme cytochalasin 885:896 arg1 D 898:898 cytochalasin D 885:898 cytochalasin D 885:898 To confirm the hypothesis, rat osteoblasts on bare titanium implants (Ti) and nCT were subjected to normal serum (NS), diabetic serum (DS), DS + NAC (a potent ROS inhibitor) and DS + cytochalasin D (an actin polymerization inhibitor). 29231215 5 59 theme F-actin 1097:1103 arg1 observation 1136:1146 morphological observation 1122:1146 morphological observation through inhibition of FAK phosphorylation, which contributed to suppressed BMP-2-dependent Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation 1122:1263 In vivo on diabetic sheep implanted with Ti or nCT showed that diabetes-induced ROS overproduction impaired osteoblast adhesion, evidenced by immunostaining of F-actin and vinculin and morphological observation through inhibition of FAK phosphorylation, which contributed to suppressed BMP-2-dependent Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation. 29231215 5 59 theme F-actin 1097:1103 arg1 immunostaining 1079:1092 immunostaining 1079:1092 immunostaining of F-actin and vinculin 1079:1116 In vivo on diabetic sheep implanted with Ti or nCT showed that diabetes-induced ROS overproduction impaired osteoblast adhesion, evidenced by immunostaining of F-actin and vinculin and morphological observation through inhibition of FAK phosphorylation, which contributed to suppressed BMP-2-dependent Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation. 29231215 3 60 theme diabetes-induced 639:654 arg1 species 677:683 diabetes-induced high reactive oxygen species 639:683 diabetes-induced high reactive oxygen species (ROS) condition 639:699 We proposed that the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway played a role in mediating the promotive effect of nCTs on osteoblast adhesion and differentiation under diabetes-induced high reactive oxygen species (ROS) condition. 29231215 3 60 theme diabetes-induced 639:654 arg1 ROS 686:688 ROS 686:688 ROS 686:688 We proposed that the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway played a role in mediating the promotive effect of nCTs on osteoblast adhesion and differentiation under diabetes-induced high reactive oxygen species (ROS) condition. 29231215 3 61 theme promotive 565:573 arg1 effect 575:580 the promotive effect 561:580 the promotive effect of nCTs on osteoblast adhesion and differentiation 561:631 We proposed that the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway played a role in mediating the promotive effect of nCTs on osteoblast adhesion and differentiation under diabetes-induced high reactive oxygen species (ROS) condition. 29231215 5 62 theme FAK 1170:1172 arg1 phosphorylation 1174:1188 FAK phosphorylation 1170:1188 FAK phosphorylation 1170:1188 In vivo on diabetic sheep implanted with Ti or nCT showed that diabetes-induced ROS overproduction impaired osteoblast adhesion, evidenced by immunostaining of F-actin and vinculin and morphological observation through inhibition of FAK phosphorylation, which contributed to suppressed BMP-2-dependent Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation. 29231215 3 63 theme high 656:659 arg1 species 677:683 diabetes-induced high reactive oxygen species 639:683 diabetes-induced high reactive oxygen species (ROS) condition 639:699 We proposed that the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway played a role in mediating the promotive effect of nCTs on osteoblast adhesion and differentiation under diabetes-induced high reactive oxygen species (ROS) condition. 29231215 3 63 theme high 656:659 arg1 ROS 686:688 ROS 686:688 ROS 686:688 We proposed that the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway played a role in mediating the promotive effect of nCTs on osteoblast adhesion and differentiation under diabetes-induced high reactive oxygen species (ROS) condition. 29231215 2 64 theme titanium 343:350 arg1 nCT 362:364 nCT 362:364 nCT 362:364 Here nanophase HA/CS composite coated porous titanium implants (nCT) were fabricated and their biological behavior under diabetic conditions was investigated. 29231215 2 64 theme titanium 343:350 arg1 implants 352:359 nanophase HA/CS composite coated porous titanium implants 303:359 nanophase HA/CS composite coated porous titanium implants (nCT) 303:365 Here nanophase HA/CS composite coated porous titanium implants (nCT) were fabricated and their biological behavior under diabetic conditions was investigated. 29231215 5 65 theme phosphorylation 1174:1188 arg1 inhibition 1156:1165 inhibition 1156:1165 inhibition of FAK phosphorylation, which contributed to suppressed BMP-2-dependent Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation 1156:1263 In vivo on diabetic sheep implanted with Ti or nCT showed that diabetes-induced ROS overproduction impaired osteoblast adhesion, evidenced by immunostaining of F-actin and vinculin and morphological observation through inhibition of FAK phosphorylation, which contributed to suppressed BMP-2-dependent Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation. 29231215 3 66 theme focal 478:482 arg1 FAK 501:503 FAK 501:503 FAK 501:503 We proposed that the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway played a role in mediating the promotive effect of nCTs on osteoblast adhesion and differentiation under diabetes-induced high reactive oxygen species (ROS) condition. 29231215 3 66 theme focal 478:482 arg1 kinase 493:498 the focal adhesion kinase 474:498 the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway 474:532 We proposed that the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway played a role in mediating the promotive effect of nCTs on osteoblast adhesion and differentiation under diabetes-induced high reactive oxygen species (ROS) condition. 29231215 4 67 theme normal 802:807 arg1 NS 816:817 NS 816:817 NS 816:817 To confirm the hypothesis, rat osteoblasts on bare titanium implants (Ti) and nCT were subjected to normal serum (NS), diabetic serum (DS), DS + NAC (a potent ROS inhibitor) and DS + cytochalasin D (an actin polymerization inhibitor). 29231215 4 67 theme normal 802:807 arg1 serum 809:813 normal serum 802:813 normal serum (NS) 802:818 To confirm the hypothesis, rat osteoblasts on bare titanium implants (Ti) and nCT were subjected to normal serum (NS), diabetic serum (DS), DS + NAC (a potent ROS inhibitor) and DS + cytochalasin D (an actin polymerization inhibitor). 29231215 3 68 from effect 575:580 arg1 adhesion 604:611 osteoblast adhesion 593:611 osteoblast adhesion 593:611 We proposed that the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway played a role in mediating the promotive effect of nCTs on osteoblast adhesion and differentiation under diabetes-induced high reactive oxygen species (ROS) condition. 29231215 3 68 from effect 575:580 arg1 differentiation 617:631 differentiation 617:631 differentiation 617:631 We proposed that the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway played a role in mediating the promotive effect of nCTs on osteoblast adhesion and differentiation under diabetes-induced high reactive oxygen species (ROS) condition. 29231215 8 69 theme composite 1714:1722 arg1 coating 1724:1730 nano-HA/CS composite coating 1703:1730 nano-HA/CS composite coating 1703:1730 Our study demonstrated that reactivation of the FAK-BMP-2/Smad pathway was involved in improving osteoblast adhesion and differentiation by nano-HA/CS composite coating, potentially directing biomaterial modification and biofunctionalization under diabetic conditions. 29231215 6 70 theme NAC 1393:1395 arg1 treatment 1397:1405 NAC treatment 1393:1405 NAC treatment 1393:1405 nCT substrate reactivated the FAK-BMP-2/Smad pathway, thus reversing osteoblast dysfunction, which exerted a similar effect to NAC treatment on Ti. 29231215 5 71 theme osteoblast 1045:1054 arg1 adhesion 1056:1063 osteoblast adhesion 1045:1063 osteoblast adhesion 1045:1063 In vivo on diabetic sheep implanted with Ti or nCT showed that diabetes-induced ROS overproduction impaired osteoblast adhesion, evidenced by immunostaining of F-actin and vinculin and morphological observation through inhibition of FAK phosphorylation, which contributed to suppressed BMP-2-dependent Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation. 29231215 8 72 theme FAK-BMP-2/Smad 1611:1624 arg1 pathway 1626:1632 the FAK-BMP-2/Smad pathway 1607:1632 the FAK-BMP-2/Smad pathway 1607:1632 Our study demonstrated that reactivation of the FAK-BMP-2/Smad pathway was involved in improving osteoblast adhesion and differentiation by nano-HA/CS composite coating, potentially directing biomaterial modification and biofunctionalization under diabetic conditions. 29231215 3 73 theme nCTs 585:588 arg1 effect 575:580 the promotive effect 561:580 the promotive effect of nCTs on osteoblast adhesion and differentiation 561:631 We proposed that the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway played a role in mediating the promotive effect of nCTs on osteoblast adhesion and differentiation under diabetes-induced high reactive oxygen species (ROS) condition. 29231215 8 74 theme nano-HA/CS 1703:1712 arg1 coating 1724:1730 nano-HA/CS composite coating 1703:1730 nano-HA/CS composite coating 1703:1730 Our study demonstrated that reactivation of the FAK-BMP-2/Smad pathway was involved in improving osteoblast adhesion and differentiation by nano-HA/CS composite coating, potentially directing biomaterial modification and biofunctionalization under diabetic conditions. 29231215 1 75 theme novel 250:254 arg1 strategy 256:263 a novel strategy 248:263 a novel strategy for promoting bone regeneration 248:295 Chitosan (CS)-based hydroxyapatite (HA) composites have emerged as a novel strategy for promoting bone regeneration. 26165546 1 0 theme study 171:175 arg1 aim 159:161 The aim 155:161 The aim of this study 155:175 The aim of this study was first to ascertain the chemical composition and the physicochemical properties of cereal extracted β-glucan from barley flour. 26165546 1 1 theme extracted 270:278 arg1 β-glucan 280:287 cereal extracted β-glucan 263:287 cereal extracted β-glucan from barley flour 263:305 The aim of this study was first to ascertain the chemical composition and the physicochemical properties of cereal extracted β-glucan from barley flour. 26165546 6 2 theme α-tocopherol 898:909 arg1 equivalents 911:921 175 μmol/mL α-tocopherol equivalents 886:921 175 μmol/mL α-tocopherol equivalents 886:921 MLBO showed a high antioxidative capacity (175 μmol/mL α-tocopherol equivalents) at 5 mg/mL. 26165546 6 2 theme α-tocopherol 898:909 arg1 capacity 876:883 a high antioxidative capacity 855:883 a high antioxidative capacity (175 μmol/mL α-tocopherol equivalents) 855:922 MLBO showed a high antioxidative capacity (175 μmol/mL α-tocopherol equivalents) at 5 mg/mL. 26165546 5 3 theme radical 727:733 arg1 scavenger 735:743 a DPPH radical scavenger 720:743 a DPPH radical scavenger with IC50 about 1.8 ± 0.01 mg/mL 720:776 MLBO showed a DPPH radical scavenger with IC50 about 1.8 ± 0.01 mg/mL whereas the IC50 of extracted β-glucan was about 5 ± 0.01 mg/mL. 26165546 1 4 theme β-glucan 280:287 arg1 composition 213:223 the chemical composition 200:223 the chemical composition 200:223 The aim of this study was first to ascertain the chemical composition and the physicochemical properties of cereal extracted β-glucan from barley flour. 26165546 1 4 theme β-glucan 280:287 arg1 properties 249:258 the physicochemical properties 229:258 the physicochemical properties of cereal extracted β-glucan from barley flour 229:305 The aim of this study was first to ascertain the chemical composition and the physicochemical properties of cereal extracted β-glucan from barley flour. 26165546 0 5 theme Penicillium 118:128 arg1 lichenase 144:152 Penicillium occitanis EGL lichenase 118:152 Penicillium occitanis EGL lichenase 118:152 Antibacterial and antioxidant properties of mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides from extracted β-glucan hydrolysed by Penicillium occitanis EGL lichenase. 26165546 5 6 theme DPPH 722:725 arg1 scavenger 735:743 a DPPH radical scavenger 720:743 a DPPH radical scavenger with IC50 about 1.8 ± 0.01 mg/mL 720:776 MLBO showed a DPPH radical scavenger with IC50 about 1.8 ± 0.01 mg/mL whereas the IC50 of extracted β-glucan was about 5 ± 0.01 mg/mL. 26165546 6 7 theme 175 μmol/mL 886:896 arg1 equivalents 911:921 175 μmol/mL α-tocopherol equivalents 886:921 175 μmol/mL α-tocopherol equivalents 886:921 MLBO showed a high antioxidative capacity (175 μmol/mL α-tocopherol equivalents) at 5 mg/mL. 26165546 6 7 theme 175 μmol/mL 886:896 arg1 capacity 876:883 a high antioxidative capacity 855:883 a high antioxidative capacity (175 μmol/mL α-tocopherol equivalents) 855:922 MLBO showed a high antioxidative capacity (175 μmol/mL α-tocopherol equivalents) at 5 mg/mL. 26165546 5 8 theme extracted 798:806 arg1 β-glucan 808:815 extracted β-glucan 798:815 extracted β-glucan 798:815 MLBO showed a DPPH radical scavenger with IC50 about 1.8 ± 0.01 mg/mL whereas the IC50 of extracted β-glucan was about 5 ± 0.01 mg/mL. 26165546 4 9 from β-glucan 554:561 arg1 beta-oligosaccharides 639:659 a mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides 623:659 a mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides (MLBO) of trisaccharides and tetrasaccharides 623:705 Hydrolysates from extracted β-glucan, obtained by lichenase EGL from Penicillium occitanis, were a mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides (MLBO) of trisaccharides and tetrasaccharides. 26165546 4 9 from β-glucan 554:561 arg1 Hydrolysates 526:537 Hydrolysates 526:537 Hydrolysates 526:537 Hydrolysates from extracted β-glucan, obtained by lichenase EGL from Penicillium occitanis, were a mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides (MLBO) of trisaccharides and tetrasaccharides. 26165546 7 10 theme antimicrobial 940:952 arg1 activity 954:961 The antimicrobial activity 936:961 The antimicrobial activity 936:961 The antimicrobial activity was confirmed against all tested bacteria especially at 20 mg/mL of MLBO while no inhibition was observed for all the strains used after the addition of either EGL or extracted β-glucan. 26165546 1 11 theme barley 294:299 arg1 flour 301:305 barley flour 294:305 barley flour 294:305 The aim of this study was first to ascertain the chemical composition and the physicochemical properties of cereal extracted β-glucan from barley flour. 26165546 0 12 theme EGL 140:142 arg1 lichenase 144:152 Penicillium occitanis EGL lichenase 118:152 Penicillium occitanis EGL lichenase 118:152 Antibacterial and antioxidant properties of mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides from extracted β-glucan hydrolysed by Penicillium occitanis EGL lichenase. 26165546 5 13 with scavenger 735:743 arg1 IC50 750:753 IC50 750:753 IC50 750:753 MLBO showed a DPPH radical scavenger with IC50 about 1.8 ± 0.01 mg/mL whereas the IC50 of extracted β-glucan was about 5 ± 0.01 mg/mL. 26165546 0 14 theme occitanis 130:138 arg1 lichenase 144:152 Penicillium occitanis EGL lichenase 118:152 Penicillium occitanis EGL lichenase 118:152 Antibacterial and antioxidant properties of mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides from extracted β-glucan hydrolysed by Penicillium occitanis EGL lichenase. 26165546 4 15 theme extracted 544:552 arg1 β-glucan 554:561 extracted β-glucan 544:561 extracted β-glucan 544:561 Hydrolysates from extracted β-glucan, obtained by lichenase EGL from Penicillium occitanis, were a mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides (MLBO) of trisaccharides and tetrasaccharides. 26165546 4 16 theme linkage 631:637 arg1 beta-oligosaccharides 639:659 a mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides 623:659 a mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides (MLBO) of trisaccharides and tetrasaccharides 623:705 Hydrolysates from extracted β-glucan, obtained by lichenase EGL from Penicillium occitanis, were a mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides (MLBO) of trisaccharides and tetrasaccharides. 26165546 4 16 theme linkage 631:637 arg1 Hydrolysates 526:537 Hydrolysates 526:537 Hydrolysates 526:537 Hydrolysates from extracted β-glucan, obtained by lichenase EGL from Penicillium occitanis, were a mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides (MLBO) of trisaccharides and tetrasaccharides. 26165546 4 16 theme linkage 631:637 arg1 MLBO 662:665 MLBO 662:665 MLBO 662:665 Hydrolysates from extracted β-glucan, obtained by lichenase EGL from Penicillium occitanis, were a mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides (MLBO) of trisaccharides and tetrasaccharides. 26165546 6 17 theme antioxidative 862:874 arg1 equivalents 911:921 175 μmol/mL α-tocopherol equivalents 886:921 175 μmol/mL α-tocopherol equivalents 886:921 MLBO showed a high antioxidative capacity (175 μmol/mL α-tocopherol equivalents) at 5 mg/mL. 26165546 6 17 theme antioxidative 862:874 arg1 capacity 876:883 a high antioxidative capacity 855:883 a high antioxidative capacity (175 μmol/mL α-tocopherol equivalents) 855:922 MLBO showed a high antioxidative capacity (175 μmol/mL α-tocopherol equivalents) at 5 mg/mL. 26165546 3 18 theme proximate 428:436 arg1 composition 438:448 The proximate composition 424:448 The proximate composition 424:448 The proximate composition, FT-IR and scanning electron microscopy of extracted β-Glucan were studied. 26165546 5 19 theme β-glucan 808:815 arg1 5 ± 0.01 mg/mL 827:840 5 ± 0.01 mg/mL 827:840 5 ± 0.01 mg/mL 827:840 MLBO showed a DPPH radical scavenger with IC50 about 1.8 ± 0.01 mg/mL whereas the IC50 of extracted β-glucan was about 5 ± 0.01 mg/mL. 26165546 5 19 theme β-glucan 808:815 arg1 IC50 790:793 the IC50 786:793 the IC50 of extracted β-glucan 786:815 MLBO showed a DPPH radical scavenger with IC50 about 1.8 ± 0.01 mg/mL whereas the IC50 of extracted β-glucan was about 5 ± 0.01 mg/mL. 26165546 1 20 from flour 301:305 arg1 composition 213:223 the chemical composition 200:223 the chemical composition 200:223 The aim of this study was first to ascertain the chemical composition and the physicochemical properties of cereal extracted β-glucan from barley flour. 26165546 1 20 from flour 301:305 arg1 properties 249:258 the physicochemical properties 229:258 the physicochemical properties of cereal extracted β-glucan from barley flour 229:305 The aim of this study was first to ascertain the chemical composition and the physicochemical properties of cereal extracted β-glucan from barley flour. 26165546 1 20 from flour 301:305 arg1 β-glucan 280:287 cereal extracted β-glucan 263:287 cereal extracted β-glucan from barley flour 263:305 The aim of this study was first to ascertain the chemical composition and the physicochemical properties of cereal extracted β-glucan from barley flour. 26165546 6 21 theme high 857:860 arg1 equivalents 911:921 175 μmol/mL α-tocopherol equivalents 886:921 175 μmol/mL α-tocopherol equivalents 886:921 MLBO showed a high antioxidative capacity (175 μmol/mL α-tocopherol equivalents) at 5 mg/mL. 26165546 6 21 theme high 857:860 arg1 capacity 876:883 a high antioxidative capacity 855:883 a high antioxidative capacity (175 μmol/mL α-tocopherol equivalents) 855:922 MLBO showed a high antioxidative capacity (175 μmol/mL α-tocopherol equivalents) at 5 mg/mL. 26165546 2 22 theme antioxidant 332:342 arg1 properties 344:353 the antioxidant properties 328:353 the antioxidant properties 328:353 Secondly, to assess the antioxidant properties and the antibacterial properties of extracted β-glucan hydrolysates. 26165546 3 23 theme scanning 461:468 arg1 microscopy 479:488 scanning electron microscopy 461:488 scanning electron microscopy 461:488 The proximate composition, FT-IR and scanning electron microscopy of extracted β-Glucan were studied. 26165546 0 24 theme Antibacterial 0:12 arg1 properties 30:39 Antibacterial and antioxidant properties 0:39 Antibacterial and antioxidant properties of mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides from extracted β-glucan 0:102 Antibacterial and antioxidant properties of mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides from extracted β-glucan hydrolysed by Penicillium occitanis EGL lichenase. 26165546 7 25 theme β-glucan 1140:1147 arg1 addition 1104:1111 the addition 1100:1111 the addition of either EGL or extracted β-glucan 1100:1147 The antimicrobial activity was confirmed against all tested bacteria especially at 20 mg/mL of MLBO while no inhibition was observed for all the strains used after the addition of either EGL or extracted β-glucan. 26165546 2 26 theme hydrolysates 410:421 arg1 properties 344:353 the antioxidant properties 328:353 the antioxidant properties 328:353 Secondly, to assess the antioxidant properties and the antibacterial properties of extracted β-glucan hydrolysates. 26165546 2 26 theme hydrolysates 410:421 arg1 properties 377:386 the antibacterial properties 359:386 the antibacterial properties 359:386 Secondly, to assess the antioxidant properties and the antibacterial properties of extracted β-glucan hydrolysates. 26165546 1 27 theme chemical 204:211 arg1 composition 213:223 the chemical composition 200:223 the chemical composition 200:223 The aim of this study was first to ascertain the chemical composition and the physicochemical properties of cereal extracted β-glucan from barley flour. 26165546 0 28 theme antioxidant 18:28 arg1 properties 30:39 Antibacterial and antioxidant properties 0:39 Antibacterial and antioxidant properties of mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides from extracted β-glucan 0:102 Antibacterial and antioxidant properties of mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides from extracted β-glucan hydrolysed by Penicillium occitanis EGL lichenase. 26165546 0 29 theme mixed 44:48 arg1 beta-oligosaccharides 58:78 mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides 44:78 mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides from extracted β-glucan 44:102 Antibacterial and antioxidant properties of mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides from extracted β-glucan hydrolysed by Penicillium occitanis EGL lichenase. 26165546 7 30 theme extracted 1130:1138 arg1 β-glucan 1140:1147 extracted β-glucan 1130:1147 extracted β-glucan 1130:1147 The antimicrobial activity was confirmed against all tested bacteria especially at 20 mg/mL of MLBO while no inhibition was observed for all the strains used after the addition of either EGL or extracted β-glucan. 26165546 0 31 from β-glucan 95:102 arg1 properties 30:39 Antibacterial and antioxidant properties 0:39 Antibacterial and antioxidant properties of mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides from extracted β-glucan 0:102 Antibacterial and antioxidant properties of mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides from extracted β-glucan hydrolysed by Penicillium occitanis EGL lichenase. 26165546 0 31 from β-glucan 95:102 arg1 beta-oligosaccharides 58:78 mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides 44:78 mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides from extracted β-glucan 44:102 Antibacterial and antioxidant properties of mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides from extracted β-glucan hydrolysed by Penicillium occitanis EGL lichenase. 26165546 3 32 theme electron 470:477 arg1 microscopy 479:488 scanning electron microscopy 461:488 scanning electron microscopy 461:488 The proximate composition, FT-IR and scanning electron microscopy of extracted β-Glucan were studied. 26165546 3 33 theme extracted 493:501 arg1 β-Glucan 503:510 extracted β-Glucan 493:510 extracted β-Glucan 493:510 The proximate composition, FT-IR and scanning electron microscopy of extracted β-Glucan were studied. 26165546 4 34 theme mixed 625:629 arg1 beta-oligosaccharides 639:659 a mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides 623:659 a mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides (MLBO) of trisaccharides and tetrasaccharides 623:705 Hydrolysates from extracted β-glucan, obtained by lichenase EGL from Penicillium occitanis, were a mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides (MLBO) of trisaccharides and tetrasaccharides. 26165546 4 34 theme mixed 625:629 arg1 Hydrolysates 526:537 Hydrolysates 526:537 Hydrolysates 526:537 Hydrolysates from extracted β-glucan, obtained by lichenase EGL from Penicillium occitanis, were a mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides (MLBO) of trisaccharides and tetrasaccharides. 26165546 4 34 theme mixed 625:629 arg1 MLBO 662:665 MLBO 662:665 MLBO 662:665 Hydrolysates from extracted β-glucan, obtained by lichenase EGL from Penicillium occitanis, were a mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides (MLBO) of trisaccharides and tetrasaccharides. 26165546 3 35 theme β-Glucan 503:510 arg1 microscopy 479:488 scanning electron microscopy 461:488 scanning electron microscopy 461:488 The proximate composition, FT-IR and scanning electron microscopy of extracted β-Glucan were studied. 26165546 3 35 theme β-Glucan 503:510 arg1 FT-IR 451:455 FT-IR 451:455 FT-IR 451:455 The proximate composition, FT-IR and scanning electron microscopy of extracted β-Glucan were studied. 26165546 3 35 theme β-Glucan 503:510 arg1 composition 438:448 The proximate composition 424:448 The proximate composition 424:448 The proximate composition, FT-IR and scanning electron microscopy of extracted β-Glucan were studied. 26165546 0 36 theme beta-oligosaccharides 58:78 arg1 properties 30:39 Antibacterial and antioxidant properties 0:39 Antibacterial and antioxidant properties of mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides from extracted β-glucan 0:102 Antibacterial and antioxidant properties of mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides from extracted β-glucan hydrolysed by Penicillium occitanis EGL lichenase. 26165546 4 37 theme lichenase 576:584 arg1 EGL 586:588 lichenase EGL 576:588 lichenase EGL 576:588 Hydrolysates from extracted β-glucan, obtained by lichenase EGL from Penicillium occitanis, were a mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides (MLBO) of trisaccharides and tetrasaccharides. 26165546 7 38 theme EGL 1123:1125 arg1 addition 1104:1111 the addition 1100:1111 the addition of either EGL or extracted β-glucan 1100:1147 The antimicrobial activity was confirmed against all tested bacteria especially at 20 mg/mL of MLBO while no inhibition was observed for all the strains used after the addition of either EGL or extracted β-glucan. 26165546 2 39 theme antibacterial 363:375 arg1 properties 377:386 the antibacterial properties 359:386 the antibacterial properties 359:386 Secondly, to assess the antioxidant properties and the antibacterial properties of extracted β-glucan hydrolysates. 26165546 0 40 theme linkage 50:56 arg1 beta-oligosaccharides 58:78 mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides 44:78 mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides from extracted β-glucan 44:102 Antibacterial and antioxidant properties of mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides from extracted β-glucan hydrolysed by Penicillium occitanis EGL lichenase. 26165546 7 41 theme MLBO 1031:1034 arg1 20 mg/mL 1019:1026 20 mg/mL 1019:1026 20 mg/mL of MLBO 1019:1034 The antimicrobial activity was confirmed against all tested bacteria especially at 20 mg/mL of MLBO while no inhibition was observed for all the strains used after the addition of either EGL or extracted β-glucan. 26165546 1 42 from composition 213:223 arg1 flour 301:305 barley flour 294:305 barley flour 294:305 The aim of this study was first to ascertain the chemical composition and the physicochemical properties of cereal extracted β-glucan from barley flour. 26165546 1 43 theme physicochemical 233:247 arg1 properties 249:258 the physicochemical properties 229:258 the physicochemical properties of cereal extracted β-glucan from barley flour 229:305 The aim of this study was first to ascertain the chemical composition and the physicochemical properties of cereal extracted β-glucan from barley flour. 26165546 1 44 from properties 249:258 arg1 flour 301:305 barley flour 294:305 barley flour 294:305 The aim of this study was first to ascertain the chemical composition and the physicochemical properties of cereal extracted β-glucan from barley flour. 26165546 7 45 theme tested 989:994 arg1 bacteria 996:1003 all tested bacteria 985:1003 all tested bacteria 985:1003 The antimicrobial activity was confirmed against all tested bacteria especially at 20 mg/mL of MLBO while no inhibition was observed for all the strains used after the addition of either EGL or extracted β-glucan. 26165546 0 46 theme extracted 85:93 arg1 β-glucan 95:102 extracted β-glucan 85:102 extracted β-glucan 85:102 Antibacterial and antioxidant properties of mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides from extracted β-glucan hydrolysed by Penicillium occitanis EGL lichenase. 26165546 4 47 theme tetrasaccharides 690:705 arg1 beta-oligosaccharides 639:659 a mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides 623:659 a mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides (MLBO) of trisaccharides and tetrasaccharides 623:705 Hydrolysates from extracted β-glucan, obtained by lichenase EGL from Penicillium occitanis, were a mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides (MLBO) of trisaccharides and tetrasaccharides. 26165546 4 47 theme tetrasaccharides 690:705 arg1 Hydrolysates 526:537 Hydrolysates 526:537 Hydrolysates 526:537 Hydrolysates from extracted β-glucan, obtained by lichenase EGL from Penicillium occitanis, were a mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides (MLBO) of trisaccharides and tetrasaccharides. 26165546 4 47 theme tetrasaccharides 690:705 arg1 MLBO 662:665 MLBO 662:665 MLBO 662:665 Hydrolysates from extracted β-glucan, obtained by lichenase EGL from Penicillium occitanis, were a mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides (MLBO) of trisaccharides and tetrasaccharides. 26165546 2 48 theme β-glucan 401:408 arg1 hydrolysates 410:421 extracted β-glucan hydrolysates 391:421 extracted β-glucan hydrolysates 391:421 Secondly, to assess the antioxidant properties and the antibacterial properties of extracted β-glucan hydrolysates. 26165546 4 49 theme trisaccharides 671:684 arg1 beta-oligosaccharides 639:659 a mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides 623:659 a mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides (MLBO) of trisaccharides and tetrasaccharides 623:705 Hydrolysates from extracted β-glucan, obtained by lichenase EGL from Penicillium occitanis, were a mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides (MLBO) of trisaccharides and tetrasaccharides. 26165546 4 49 theme trisaccharides 671:684 arg1 Hydrolysates 526:537 Hydrolysates 526:537 Hydrolysates 526:537 Hydrolysates from extracted β-glucan, obtained by lichenase EGL from Penicillium occitanis, were a mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides (MLBO) of trisaccharides and tetrasaccharides. 26165546 4 49 theme trisaccharides 671:684 arg1 MLBO 662:665 MLBO 662:665 MLBO 662:665 Hydrolysates from extracted β-glucan, obtained by lichenase EGL from Penicillium occitanis, were a mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides (MLBO) of trisaccharides and tetrasaccharides. 26165546 0 50 from properties 30:39 arg1 β-glucan 95:102 extracted β-glucan 85:102 extracted β-glucan 85:102 Antibacterial and antioxidant properties of mixed linkage beta-oligosaccharides from extracted β-glucan hydrolysed by Penicillium occitanis EGL lichenase. 26165546 2 51 theme extracted 391:399 arg1 hydrolysates 410:421 extracted β-glucan hydrolysates 391:421 extracted β-glucan hydrolysates 391:421 Secondly, to assess the antioxidant properties and the antibacterial properties of extracted β-glucan hydrolysates. 26165546 1 52 theme cereal 263:268 arg1 β-glucan 280:287 cereal extracted β-glucan 263:287 cereal extracted β-glucan from barley flour 263:305 The aim of this study was first to ascertain the chemical composition and the physicochemical properties of cereal extracted β-glucan from barley flour. 27180722 0 0 theme Tibetan 74:80 arg1 Macaques 82:89 free-ranging Tibetan Macaques 61:89 free-ranging Tibetan Macaques (Macaca thibetana) 61:108 Marked variation between winter and spring gut microbiota in free-ranging Tibetan Macaques (Macaca thibetana). 27180722 0 0 theme Tibetan 74:80 arg1 thibetana 99:107 Macaca thibetana 92:107 Macaca thibetana 92:107 Marked variation between winter and spring gut microbiota in free-ranging Tibetan Macaques (Macaca thibetana). 27180722 0 1 from variation 7:15 arg1 Macaques 82:89 free-ranging Tibetan Macaques 61:89 free-ranging Tibetan Macaques (Macaca thibetana) 61:108 Marked variation between winter and spring gut microbiota in free-ranging Tibetan Macaques (Macaca thibetana). 27180722 0 1 from variation 7:15 arg1 thibetana 99:107 Macaca thibetana 92:107 Macaca thibetana 92:107 Marked variation between winter and spring gut microbiota in free-ranging Tibetan Macaques (Macaca thibetana). 27180722 5 2 theme simple 641:646 arg1 sugars 648:653 simple sugars 641:653 simple sugars 641:653 In spring, the abundance of the genus Prevotella, which is associated with digestion of carbohydrates and simple sugars, was significantly increased. 27180722 6 3 theme winter 830:835 arg1 samples 837:843 winter samples 830:843 winter samples 830:843 PICRUSt analysis revealed that the predicted metagenomes related to the glycan biosynthesis and metabolic pathway was significantly increased in winter samples, which would aid in the digestion of glycan extracted from cellulose and hemicellulose. 27180722 0 4 theme Macaca 92:97 arg1 Macaques 82:89 free-ranging Tibetan Macaques 61:89 free-ranging Tibetan Macaques (Macaca thibetana) 61:108 Marked variation between winter and spring gut microbiota in free-ranging Tibetan Macaques (Macaca thibetana). 27180722 0 4 theme Macaca 92:97 arg1 thibetana 99:107 Macaca thibetana 92:107 Macaca thibetana 92:107 Marked variation between winter and spring gut microbiota in free-ranging Tibetan Macaques (Macaca thibetana). 27180722 7 5 theme related 959:965 arg1 metagenomes 947:957 The predicted metagenomes 933:957 The predicted metagenomes related to carbohydrate and energy metabolic pathways 933:1011 The predicted metagenomes related to carbohydrate and energy metabolic pathways were significantly increased in spring samples, which could facilitate a monkey's recovery from acute energy loss experienced during winter. 27180722 5 6 theme sugars 648:653 arg1 digestion 610:618 digestion 610:618 digestion of carbohydrates and simple sugars 610:653 In spring, the abundance of the genus Prevotella, which is associated with digestion of carbohydrates and simple sugars, was significantly increased. 27180722 7 7 theme energy 987:992 arg1 pathways 1004:1011 energy metabolic pathways 987:1011 energy metabolic pathways 987:1011 The predicted metagenomes related to carbohydrate and energy metabolic pathways were significantly increased in spring samples, which could facilitate a monkey's recovery from acute energy loss experienced during winter. 27180722 3 8 theme microbial 355:363 arg1 composition 365:375 gut microbial composition 351:375 gut microbial composition 351:375 Our results showed that gut microbial composition and diversity varied by season. 27180722 6 9 theme glycan 757:762 arg1 biosynthesis 764:775 the glycan biosynthesis 753:775 the glycan biosynthesis 753:775 PICRUSt analysis revealed that the predicted metagenomes related to the glycan biosynthesis and metabolic pathway was significantly increased in winter samples, which would aid in the digestion of glycan extracted from cellulose and hemicellulose. 27180722 2 10 theme microbiota 270:279 arg1 composition 281:291 Tibetan macaque gut microbiota composition 250:291 Tibetan macaque gut microbiota composition 250:291 We explored variation in Tibetan macaque gut microbiota composition during winter and spring seasons. 27180722 7 11 theme energy 1115:1120 arg1 loss 1122:1125 acute energy loss 1109:1125 acute energy loss experienced during winter 1109:1151 The predicted metagenomes related to carbohydrate and energy metabolic pathways were significantly increased in spring samples, which could facilitate a monkey's recovery from acute energy loss experienced during winter. 27180722 2 12 theme gut 266:268 arg1 composition 281:291 Tibetan macaque gut microbiota composition 250:291 Tibetan macaque gut microbiota composition 250:291 We explored variation in Tibetan macaque gut microbiota composition during winter and spring seasons. 27180722 1 13 theme food 161:164 arg1 resources 166:174 food resources 161:174 food resources 161:174 Variation in the availability and distribution of food resources is a strong selective pressure on wild primates. 27180722 4 14 theme cellulose 477:485 arg1 digestion 464:472 the digestion 460:472 the digestion of cellulose and hemicellulose 460:503 In winter, the genus Succinivibrio, which promotes the digestion of cellulose and hemicellulose, was significantly increased. 27180722 2 15 theme macaque 258:264 arg1 composition 281:291 Tibetan macaque gut microbiota composition 250:291 Tibetan macaque gut microbiota composition 250:291 We explored variation in Tibetan macaque gut microbiota composition during winter and spring seasons. 27180722 1 16 theme resources 166:174 arg1 distribution 145:156 distribution 145:156 distribution 145:156 Variation in the availability and distribution of food resources is a strong selective pressure on wild primates. 27180722 1 16 theme resources 166:174 arg1 availability 128:139 availability 128:139 availability 128:139 Variation in the availability and distribution of food resources is a strong selective pressure on wild primates. 27180722 7 17 theme predicted 937:945 arg1 metagenomes 947:957 The predicted metagenomes 933:957 The predicted metagenomes related to carbohydrate and energy metabolic pathways 933:1011 The predicted metagenomes related to carbohydrate and energy metabolic pathways were significantly increased in spring samples, which could facilitate a monkey's recovery from acute energy loss experienced during winter. 27180722 6 18 theme PICRUSt 685:691 arg1 analysis 693:700 PICRUSt analysis 685:700 PICRUSt analysis 685:700 PICRUSt analysis revealed that the predicted metagenomes related to the glycan biosynthesis and metabolic pathway was significantly increased in winter samples, which would aid in the digestion of glycan extracted from cellulose and hemicellulose. 27180722 0 19 theme Marked 0:5 arg1 variation 7:15 Marked variation 0:15 Marked variation between winter and spring gut microbiota in free-ranging Tibetan Macaques (Macaca thibetana). 0:109 Marked variation between winter and spring gut microbiota in free-ranging Tibetan Macaques (Macaca thibetana). 27180722 5 20 theme carbohydrates 623:635 arg1 digestion 610:618 digestion 610:618 digestion of carbohydrates and simple sugars 610:653 In spring, the abundance of the genus Prevotella, which is associated with digestion of carbohydrates and simple sugars, was significantly increased. 27180722 5 21 theme genus 567:571 arg1 Prevotella 573:582 the genus Prevotella 563:582 the genus Prevotella 563:582 In spring, the abundance of the genus Prevotella, which is associated with digestion of carbohydrates and simple sugars, was significantly increased. 27180722 2 22 from variation 237:245 arg1 composition 281:291 Tibetan macaque gut microbiota composition 250:291 Tibetan macaque gut microbiota composition 250:291 We explored variation in Tibetan macaque gut microbiota composition during winter and spring seasons. 27180722 8 23 dep composition 1184:1194 arg1 the 1180:1182 the 1180:1182 the 1180:1182 We propose that shifts in the composition and function of the gut microbiota provide a buffer against seasonal fluctuations in energy and nutrient intake, thus enabling these primates to adapt to variations in food supply and quality. 27180722 8 24 theme gut 1216:1218 arg1 microbiota 1220:1229 the gut microbiota 1212:1229 the gut microbiota 1212:1229 We propose that shifts in the composition and function of the gut microbiota provide a buffer against seasonal fluctuations in energy and nutrient intake, thus enabling these primates to adapt to variations in food supply and quality. 27180722 6 25 theme metabolic 781:789 arg1 pathway 791:797 metabolic pathway 781:797 metabolic pathway 781:797 PICRUSt analysis revealed that the predicted metagenomes related to the glycan biosynthesis and metabolic pathway was significantly increased in winter samples, which would aid in the digestion of glycan extracted from cellulose and hemicellulose. 27180722 1 26 from Variation 111:119 arg1 distribution 145:156 distribution 145:156 distribution 145:156 Variation in the availability and distribution of food resources is a strong selective pressure on wild primates. 27180722 1 26 from Variation 111:119 arg1 availability 128:139 availability 128:139 availability 128:139 Variation in the availability and distribution of food resources is a strong selective pressure on wild primates. 27180722 1 27 dep availability 128:139 arg1 the 124:126 the 124:126 the 124:126 Variation in the availability and distribution of food resources is a strong selective pressure on wild primates. 27180722 1 28 theme strong 181:186 arg1 pressure 198:205 a strong selective pressure 179:205 a strong selective pressure on wild primates 179:222 Variation in the availability and distribution of food resources is a strong selective pressure on wild primates. 27180722 1 28 theme strong 181:186 arg1 Variation 111:119 Variation 111:119 Variation in the availability and distribution of food resources 111:174 Variation in the availability and distribution of food resources is a strong selective pressure on wild primates. 27180722 8 29 from shifts 1170:1175 arg1 function 1200:1207 function 1200:1207 function 1200:1207 We propose that shifts in the composition and function of the gut microbiota provide a buffer against seasonal fluctuations in energy and nutrient intake, thus enabling these primates to adapt to variations in food supply and quality. 27180722 8 29 from shifts 1170:1175 arg1 composition 1184:1194 composition 1184:1194 composition 1184:1194 We propose that shifts in the composition and function of the gut microbiota provide a buffer against seasonal fluctuations in energy and nutrient intake, thus enabling these primates to adapt to variations in food supply and quality. 27180722 1 30 theme selective 188:196 arg1 pressure 198:205 a strong selective pressure 179:205 a strong selective pressure on wild primates 179:222 Variation in the availability and distribution of food resources is a strong selective pressure on wild primates. 27180722 1 30 theme selective 188:196 arg1 Variation 111:119 Variation 111:119 Variation in the availability and distribution of food resources 111:174 Variation in the availability and distribution of food resources is a strong selective pressure on wild primates. 27180722 7 31 from loss 1122:1125 arg1 recovery 1095:1102 a monkey's recovery 1084:1102 a monkey's recovery from acute energy loss experienced during winter 1084:1151 The predicted metagenomes related to carbohydrate and energy metabolic pathways were significantly increased in spring samples, which could facilitate a monkey's recovery from acute energy loss experienced during winter. 27180722 8 32 theme microbiota 1220:1229 arg1 function 1200:1207 function 1200:1207 function 1200:1207 We propose that shifts in the composition and function of the gut microbiota provide a buffer against seasonal fluctuations in energy and nutrient intake, thus enabling these primates to adapt to variations in food supply and quality. 27180722 8 32 theme microbiota 1220:1229 arg1 composition 1184:1194 composition 1184:1194 composition 1184:1194 We propose that shifts in the composition and function of the gut microbiota provide a buffer against seasonal fluctuations in energy and nutrient intake, thus enabling these primates to adapt to variations in food supply and quality. 27180722 8 33 from fluctuations 1265:1276 arg1 energy 1281:1286 energy 1281:1286 energy 1281:1286 We propose that shifts in the composition and function of the gut microbiota provide a buffer against seasonal fluctuations in energy and nutrient intake, thus enabling these primates to adapt to variations in food supply and quality. 27180722 8 33 from fluctuations 1265:1276 arg1 intake 1301:1306 nutrient intake 1292:1306 nutrient intake 1292:1306 We propose that shifts in the composition and function of the gut microbiota provide a buffer against seasonal fluctuations in energy and nutrient intake, thus enabling these primates to adapt to variations in food supply and quality. 27180722 1 34 from pressure 198:205 arg1 primates 215:222 wild primates 210:222 wild primates 210:222 Variation in the availability and distribution of food resources is a strong selective pressure on wild primates. 27180722 8 35 theme nutrient 1292:1299 arg1 intake 1301:1306 nutrient intake 1292:1306 nutrient intake 1292:1306 We propose that shifts in the composition and function of the gut microbiota provide a buffer against seasonal fluctuations in energy and nutrient intake, thus enabling these primates to adapt to variations in food supply and quality. 27180722 3 36 theme gut 351:353 arg1 composition 365:375 gut microbial composition 351:375 gut microbial composition 351:375 Our results showed that gut microbial composition and diversity varied by season. 27180722 6 37 theme glycan 882:887 arg1 digestion 869:877 the digestion 865:877 the digestion of glycan extracted from cellulose and hemicellulose 865:930 PICRUSt analysis revealed that the predicted metagenomes related to the glycan biosynthesis and metabolic pathway was significantly increased in winter samples, which would aid in the digestion of glycan extracted from cellulose and hemicellulose. 27180722 2 38 dep winter 300:305 arg1 seasons 318:324 seasons 318:324 seasons 318:324 We explored variation in Tibetan macaque gut microbiota composition during winter and spring seasons. 27180722 0 39 theme gut 43:45 arg1 microbiota 47:56 gut microbiota 43:56 gut microbiota 43:56 Marked variation between winter and spring gut microbiota in free-ranging Tibetan Macaques (Macaca thibetana). 27180722 5 40 theme Prevotella 573:582 arg1 abundance 550:558 the abundance 546:558 the abundance of the genus Prevotella, which is associated with digestion of carbohydrates and simple sugars, 546:654 In spring, the abundance of the genus Prevotella, which is associated with digestion of carbohydrates and simple sugars, was significantly increased. 27180722 0 41 dep winter 25:30 arg1 microbiota 47:56 gut microbiota 43:56 gut microbiota 43:56 Marked variation between winter and spring gut microbiota in free-ranging Tibetan Macaques (Macaca thibetana). 27180722 2 42 theme Tibetan 250:256 arg1 composition 281:291 Tibetan macaque gut microbiota composition 250:291 Tibetan macaque gut microbiota composition 250:291 We explored variation in Tibetan macaque gut microbiota composition during winter and spring seasons. 27180722 7 43 theme metabolic 994:1002 arg1 pathways 1004:1011 energy metabolic pathways 987:1011 energy metabolic pathways 987:1011 The predicted metagenomes related to carbohydrate and energy metabolic pathways were significantly increased in spring samples, which could facilitate a monkey's recovery from acute energy loss experienced during winter. 27180722 1 44 theme wild 210:213 arg1 primates 215:222 wild primates 210:222 wild primates 210:222 Variation in the availability and distribution of food resources is a strong selective pressure on wild primates. 27180722 8 45 theme food 1364:1367 arg1 supply 1369:1374 food supply 1364:1374 food supply 1364:1374 We propose that shifts in the composition and function of the gut microbiota provide a buffer against seasonal fluctuations in energy and nutrient intake, thus enabling these primates to adapt to variations in food supply and quality. 27180722 4 46 theme genus 424:428 arg1 Succinivibrio 430:442 the genus Succinivibrio 420:442 the genus Succinivibrio 420:442 In winter, the genus Succinivibrio, which promotes the digestion of cellulose and hemicellulose, was significantly increased. 27180722 7 47 theme spring 1045:1050 arg1 samples 1052:1058 spring samples 1045:1058 spring samples 1045:1058 The predicted metagenomes related to carbohydrate and energy metabolic pathways were significantly increased in spring samples, which could facilitate a monkey's recovery from acute energy loss experienced during winter. 27180722 6 48 theme related 742:748 arg1 metagenomes 730:740 the predicted metagenomes 716:740 the predicted metagenomes related to the glycan biosynthesis and metabolic pathway 716:797 PICRUSt analysis revealed that the predicted metagenomes related to the glycan biosynthesis and metabolic pathway was significantly increased in winter samples, which would aid in the digestion of glycan extracted from cellulose and hemicellulose. 27180722 7 49 theme acute 1109:1113 arg1 loss 1122:1125 acute energy loss 1109:1125 acute energy loss experienced during winter 1109:1151 The predicted metagenomes related to carbohydrate and energy metabolic pathways were significantly increased in spring samples, which could facilitate a monkey's recovery from acute energy loss experienced during winter. 27180722 0 50 theme free-ranging 61:72 arg1 Macaques 82:89 free-ranging Tibetan Macaques 61:89 free-ranging Tibetan Macaques (Macaca thibetana) 61:108 Marked variation between winter and spring gut microbiota in free-ranging Tibetan Macaques (Macaca thibetana). 27180722 0 50 theme free-ranging 61:72 arg1 thibetana 99:107 Macaca thibetana 92:107 Macaca thibetana 92:107 Marked variation between winter and spring gut microbiota in free-ranging Tibetan Macaques (Macaca thibetana). 27180722 8 51 from variations 1350:1359 arg1 quality 1380:1386 quality 1380:1386 quality 1380:1386 We propose that shifts in the composition and function of the gut microbiota provide a buffer against seasonal fluctuations in energy and nutrient intake, thus enabling these primates to adapt to variations in food supply and quality. 27180722 8 51 from variations 1350:1359 arg1 supply 1369:1374 food supply 1364:1374 food supply 1364:1374 We propose that shifts in the composition and function of the gut microbiota provide a buffer against seasonal fluctuations in energy and nutrient intake, thus enabling these primates to adapt to variations in food supply and quality. 27180722 4 52 theme hemicellulose 491:503 arg1 digestion 464:472 the digestion 460:472 the digestion of cellulose and hemicellulose 460:503 In winter, the genus Succinivibrio, which promotes the digestion of cellulose and hemicellulose, was significantly increased. 27180722 6 53 theme predicted 720:728 arg1 metagenomes 730:740 the predicted metagenomes 716:740 the predicted metagenomes related to the glycan biosynthesis and metabolic pathway 716:797 PICRUSt analysis revealed that the predicted metagenomes related to the glycan biosynthesis and metabolic pathway was significantly increased in winter samples, which would aid in the digestion of glycan extracted from cellulose and hemicellulose. 27180722 8 54 theme seasonal 1256:1263 arg1 fluctuations 1265:1276 seasonal fluctuations 1256:1276 seasonal fluctuations in energy and nutrient intake 1256:1306 We propose that shifts in the composition and function of the gut microbiota provide a buffer against seasonal fluctuations in energy and nutrient intake, thus enabling these primates to adapt to variations in food supply and quality. 24564711 3 0 from distinct 401:408 arg1 composition 428:438 membrane composition 419:438 membrane composition 419:438 Structurally, prostate-derived exosomes are distinct in size, membrane composition and specific prostate protein content, potentially providing a novel and easily isolatable source of biomarkers from clinical biofluids. 24564711 3 0 from distinct 401:408 arg1 size 413:416 size 413:416 size 413:416 Structurally, prostate-derived exosomes are distinct in size, membrane composition and specific prostate protein content, potentially providing a novel and easily isolatable source of biomarkers from clinical biofluids. 24564711 3 0 from distinct 401:408 arg1 content 470:476 specific prostate protein content 444:476 specific prostate protein content 444:476 Structurally, prostate-derived exosomes are distinct in size, membrane composition and specific prostate protein content, potentially providing a novel and easily isolatable source of biomarkers from clinical biofluids. 24564711 1 1 theme cancer 155:160 arg1 detection 162:170 cancer detection 155:170 cancer detection 155:170 Exosomes and other microvesicles are emerging as rich reservoirs of tumor-specific proteins and biomarkers for cancer detection and progression. 24564711 2 2 theme further 329:335 arg1 analysis 347:354 further proteomic analysis 329:354 further proteomic analysis 329:354 For prostate cancer, exosomes secreted by the prostate can be isolated from prostatic secretions, seminal fluid, tissue, urine or blood for further proteomic analysis. 24564711 3 3 from size 413:416 arg1 distinct 401:408 distinct 401:408 distinct 401:408 Structurally, prostate-derived exosomes are distinct in size, membrane composition and specific prostate protein content, potentially providing a novel and easily isolatable source of biomarkers from clinical biofluids. 24564711 2 4 theme seminal 287:293 arg1 secretions 275:284 prostatic secretions 265:284 prostatic secretions 265:284 For prostate cancer, exosomes secreted by the prostate can be isolated from prostatic secretions, seminal fluid, tissue, urine or blood for further proteomic analysis. 24564711 2 4 theme seminal 287:293 arg1 fluid 295:299 seminal fluid 287:299 seminal fluid 287:299 For prostate cancer, exosomes secreted by the prostate can be isolated from prostatic secretions, seminal fluid, tissue, urine or blood for further proteomic analysis. 24564711 4 5 theme isolation 594:602 arg1 strategies 604:613 these isolation strategies 588:613 these isolation strategies 588:613 The key to these isolation strategies will be the targeting of specific prostatic proteins expressed in these exosomes, thus requiring detailed proteomic characterizations. 24564711 1 6 theme other 57:61 arg1 microvesicles 63:75 other microvesicles 57:75 other microvesicles 57:75 Exosomes and other microvesicles are emerging as rich reservoirs of tumor-specific proteins and biomarkers for cancer detection and progression. 24564711 3 7 theme novel 503:507 arg1 source 531:536 a novel and easily isolatable source 501:536 a novel and easily isolatable source of biomarkers from clinical biofluids 501:574 Structurally, prostate-derived exosomes are distinct in size, membrane composition and specific prostate protein content, potentially providing a novel and easily isolatable source of biomarkers from clinical biofluids. 24564711 5 8 theme prostate 824:831 arg1 exosomes 851:858 these unique prostate cancer-associated exosomes 811:858 these unique prostate cancer-associated exosomes 811:858 A summary of ongoing efforts to characterize the proteome of these unique prostate cancer-associated exosomes and their potential applications for use in biomarker assays is presented. 24564711 5 9 theme ongoing 763:769 arg1 efforts 771:777 ongoing efforts 763:777 ongoing efforts 763:777 A summary of ongoing efforts to characterize the proteome of these unique prostate cancer-associated exosomes and their potential applications for use in biomarker assays is presented. 24564711 2 10 theme prostatic 265:273 arg1 blood 319:323 blood 319:323 blood 319:323 For prostate cancer, exosomes secreted by the prostate can be isolated from prostatic secretions, seminal fluid, tissue, urine or blood for further proteomic analysis. 24564711 2 10 theme prostatic 265:273 arg1 urine 310:314 urine 310:314 urine 310:314 For prostate cancer, exosomes secreted by the prostate can be isolated from prostatic secretions, seminal fluid, tissue, urine or blood for further proteomic analysis. 24564711 2 10 theme prostatic 265:273 arg1 tissue 302:307 tissue 302:307 tissue 302:307 For prostate cancer, exosomes secreted by the prostate can be isolated from prostatic secretions, seminal fluid, tissue, urine or blood for further proteomic analysis. 24564711 2 10 theme prostatic 265:273 arg1 secretions 275:284 prostatic secretions 265:284 prostatic secretions 265:284 For prostate cancer, exosomes secreted by the prostate can be isolated from prostatic secretions, seminal fluid, tissue, urine or blood for further proteomic analysis. 24564711 2 10 theme prostatic 265:273 arg1 fluid 295:299 seminal fluid 287:299 seminal fluid 287:299 For prostate cancer, exosomes secreted by the prostate can be isolated from prostatic secretions, seminal fluid, tissue, urine or blood for further proteomic analysis. 24564711 4 11 theme proteins 659:666 arg1 targeting 627:635 the targeting 623:635 the targeting of specific prostatic proteins expressed in these exosomes 623:694 The key to these isolation strategies will be the targeting of specific prostatic proteins expressed in these exosomes, thus requiring detailed proteomic characterizations. 24564711 4 11 theme proteins 659:666 arg1 key 581:583 key 581:583 key 581:583 The key to these isolation strategies will be the targeting of specific prostatic proteins expressed in these exosomes, thus requiring detailed proteomic characterizations. 24564711 3 12 theme prostate-derived 371:386 arg1 exosomes 388:395 prostate-derived exosomes 371:395 prostate-derived exosomes 371:395 Structurally, prostate-derived exosomes are distinct in size, membrane composition and specific prostate protein content, potentially providing a novel and easily isolatable source of biomarkers from clinical biofluids. 24564711 5 13 theme biomarker 904:912 arg1 assays 914:919 biomarker assays 904:919 biomarker assays 904:919 A summary of ongoing efforts to characterize the proteome of these unique prostate cancer-associated exosomes and their potential applications for use in biomarker assays is presented. 24564711 5 14 theme cancer-associated 833:849 arg1 exosomes 851:858 these unique prostate cancer-associated exosomes 811:858 these unique prostate cancer-associated exosomes 811:858 A summary of ongoing efforts to characterize the proteome of these unique prostate cancer-associated exosomes and their potential applications for use in biomarker assays is presented. 24564711 3 15 theme membrane 419:426 arg1 composition 428:438 membrane composition 419:438 membrane composition 419:438 Structurally, prostate-derived exosomes are distinct in size, membrane composition and specific prostate protein content, potentially providing a novel and easily isolatable source of biomarkers from clinical biofluids. 24564711 0 16 theme prostate 18:25 arg1 cancer 27:32 prostate cancer 18:32 prostate cancer 18:32 The proteomics of prostate cancer exosomes. 24564711 5 17 from use 897:899 arg1 assays 914:919 biomarker assays 904:919 biomarker assays 904:919 A summary of ongoing efforts to characterize the proteome of these unique prostate cancer-associated exosomes and their potential applications for use in biomarker assays is presented. 24564711 3 18 theme clinical 557:564 arg1 biofluids 566:574 clinical biofluids 557:574 clinical biofluids 557:574 Structurally, prostate-derived exosomes are distinct in size, membrane composition and specific prostate protein content, potentially providing a novel and easily isolatable source of biomarkers from clinical biofluids. 24564711 3 19 theme protein 462:468 arg1 content 470:476 specific prostate protein content 444:476 specific prostate protein content 444:476 Structurally, prostate-derived exosomes are distinct in size, membrane composition and specific prostate protein content, potentially providing a novel and easily isolatable source of biomarkers from clinical biofluids. 24564711 5 20 theme potential 870:878 arg1 applications 880:891 their potential applications 864:891 their potential applications for use in biomarker assays 864:919 A summary of ongoing efforts to characterize the proteome of these unique prostate cancer-associated exosomes and their potential applications for use in biomarker assays is presented. 24564711 4 21 theme detailed 712:719 arg1 characterizations 731:747 detailed proteomic characterizations 712:747 detailed proteomic characterizations 712:747 The key to these isolation strategies will be the targeting of specific prostatic proteins expressed in these exosomes, thus requiring detailed proteomic characterizations. 24564711 4 22 theme prostatic 649:657 arg1 proteins 659:666 specific prostatic proteins 640:666 specific prostatic proteins expressed in these exosomes 640:694 The key to these isolation strategies will be the targeting of specific prostatic proteins expressed in these exosomes, thus requiring detailed proteomic characterizations. 24564711 4 23 theme specific 640:647 arg1 proteins 659:666 specific prostatic proteins 640:666 specific prostatic proteins expressed in these exosomes 640:694 The key to these isolation strategies will be the targeting of specific prostatic proteins expressed in these exosomes, thus requiring detailed proteomic characterizations. 24564711 3 24 theme specific 444:451 arg1 content 470:476 specific prostate protein content 444:476 specific prostate protein content 444:476 Structurally, prostate-derived exosomes are distinct in size, membrane composition and specific prostate protein content, potentially providing a novel and easily isolatable source of biomarkers from clinical biofluids. 24564711 0 25 theme cancer 27:32 arg1 proteomics 4:13 The proteomics 0:13 The proteomics of prostate cancer 0:32 The proteomics of prostate cancer exosomes. 24564711 5 26 theme exosomes 851:858 arg1 applications 880:891 their potential applications 864:891 their potential applications for use in biomarker assays 864:919 A summary of ongoing efforts to characterize the proteome of these unique prostate cancer-associated exosomes and their potential applications for use in biomarker assays is presented. 24564711 5 26 theme exosomes 851:858 arg1 proteome 799:806 the proteome 795:806 the proteome of these unique prostate cancer-associated exosomes 795:858 A summary of ongoing efforts to characterize the proteome of these unique prostate cancer-associated exosomes and their potential applications for use in biomarker assays is presented. 24564711 3 27 theme prostate 453:460 arg1 content 470:476 specific prostate protein content 444:476 specific prostate protein content 444:476 Structurally, prostate-derived exosomes are distinct in size, membrane composition and specific prostate protein content, potentially providing a novel and easily isolatable source of biomarkers from clinical biofluids. 24564711 4 28 theme proteomic 721:729 arg1 characterizations 731:747 detailed proteomic characterizations 712:747 detailed proteomic characterizations 712:747 The key to these isolation strategies will be the targeting of specific prostatic proteins expressed in these exosomes, thus requiring detailed proteomic characterizations. 24564711 5 29 theme unique 817:822 arg1 exosomes 851:858 these unique prostate cancer-associated exosomes 811:858 these unique prostate cancer-associated exosomes 811:858 A summary of ongoing efforts to characterize the proteome of these unique prostate cancer-associated exosomes and their potential applications for use in biomarker assays is presented. 24564711 1 30 theme tumor-specific 112:125 arg1 proteins 127:134 tumor-specific proteins 112:134 tumor-specific proteins 112:134 Exosomes and other microvesicles are emerging as rich reservoirs of tumor-specific proteins and biomarkers for cancer detection and progression. 24564711 3 31 from content 470:476 arg1 distinct 401:408 distinct 401:408 distinct 401:408 Structurally, prostate-derived exosomes are distinct in size, membrane composition and specific prostate protein content, potentially providing a novel and easily isolatable source of biomarkers from clinical biofluids. 24564711 1 32 theme proteins 127:134 arg1 biomarkers 140:149 biomarkers 140:149 biomarkers for cancer detection and progression 140:186 Exosomes and other microvesicles are emerging as rich reservoirs of tumor-specific proteins and biomarkers for cancer detection and progression. 24564711 1 32 theme proteins 127:134 arg1 reservoirs 98:107 rich reservoirs 93:107 rich reservoirs of tumor-specific proteins 93:134 Exosomes and other microvesicles are emerging as rich reservoirs of tumor-specific proteins and biomarkers for cancer detection and progression. 24564711 1 33 theme rich 93:96 arg1 reservoirs 98:107 rich reservoirs 93:107 rich reservoirs of tumor-specific proteins 93:134 Exosomes and other microvesicles are emerging as rich reservoirs of tumor-specific proteins and biomarkers for cancer detection and progression. 24564711 2 34 attach isolated 251:258 arg2 exosomes 210:217 exosomes 210:217 exosomes secreted by the prostate 210:242 For prostate cancer, exosomes secreted by the prostate can be isolated from prostatic secretions, seminal fluid, tissue, urine or blood for further proteomic analysis. 24564711 2 34 attach isolated 251:258 arg1 tissue 302:307 tissue 302:307 tissue 302:307 For prostate cancer, exosomes secreted by the prostate can be isolated from prostatic secretions, seminal fluid, tissue, urine or blood for further proteomic analysis. 24564711 2 34 attach isolated 251:258 arg1 secretions 275:284 prostatic secretions 265:284 prostatic secretions 265:284 For prostate cancer, exosomes secreted by the prostate can be isolated from prostatic secretions, seminal fluid, tissue, urine or blood for further proteomic analysis. 24564711 2 34 attach isolated 251:258 arg1 urine 310:314 urine 310:314 urine 310:314 For prostate cancer, exosomes secreted by the prostate can be isolated from prostatic secretions, seminal fluid, tissue, urine or blood for further proteomic analysis. 24564711 2 34 attach isolated 251:258 arg1 blood 319:323 blood 319:323 blood 319:323 For prostate cancer, exosomes secreted by the prostate can be isolated from prostatic secretions, seminal fluid, tissue, urine or blood for further proteomic analysis. 24564711 2 34 attach isolated 251:258 arg1 fluid 295:299 seminal fluid 287:299 seminal fluid 287:299 For prostate cancer, exosomes secreted by the prostate can be isolated from prostatic secretions, seminal fluid, tissue, urine or blood for further proteomic analysis. 24564711 3 35 theme biomarkers 541:550 arg1 source 531:536 a novel and easily isolatable source 501:536 a novel and easily isolatable source of biomarkers from clinical biofluids 501:574 Structurally, prostate-derived exosomes are distinct in size, membrane composition and specific prostate protein content, potentially providing a novel and easily isolatable source of biomarkers from clinical biofluids. 24564711 5 36 theme efforts 771:777 arg1 summary 752:758 A summary 750:758 A summary of ongoing efforts to characterize the proteome of these unique prostate cancer-associated exosomes and their potential applications for use in biomarker assays 750:919 A summary of ongoing efforts to characterize the proteome of these unique prostate cancer-associated exosomes and their potential applications for use in biomarker assays is presented. 24564711 2 37 theme prostate 193:200 arg1 cancer 202:207 prostate cancer 193:207 prostate cancer 193:207 For prostate cancer, exosomes secreted by the prostate can be isolated from prostatic secretions, seminal fluid, tissue, urine or blood for further proteomic analysis. 24564711 3 38 link prostate-derived 371:386 arg1 exosomes 388:395 prostate-derived exosomes 371:395 prostate-derived exosomes 371:395 Structurally, prostate-derived exosomes are distinct in size, membrane composition and specific prostate protein content, potentially providing a novel and easily isolatable source of biomarkers from clinical biofluids. 24564711 2 39 theme proteomic 337:345 arg1 analysis 347:354 further proteomic analysis 329:354 further proteomic analysis 329:354 For prostate cancer, exosomes secreted by the prostate can be isolated from prostatic secretions, seminal fluid, tissue, urine or blood for further proteomic analysis. 24564711 3 40 from biofluids 566:574 arg1 biomarkers 541:550 biomarkers 541:550 biomarkers from clinical biofluids 541:574 Structurally, prostate-derived exosomes are distinct in size, membrane composition and specific prostate protein content, potentially providing a novel and easily isolatable source of biomarkers from clinical biofluids. 24564711 3 40 from biofluids 566:574 arg1 source 531:536 a novel and easily isolatable source 501:536 a novel and easily isolatable source of biomarkers from clinical biofluids 501:574 Structurally, prostate-derived exosomes are distinct in size, membrane composition and specific prostate protein content, potentially providing a novel and easily isolatable source of biomarkers from clinical biofluids. 24564711 3 41 from composition 428:438 arg1 distinct 401:408 distinct 401:408 distinct 401:408 Structurally, prostate-derived exosomes are distinct in size, membrane composition and specific prostate protein content, potentially providing a novel and easily isolatable source of biomarkers from clinical biofluids. 24564711 3 42 theme isolatable 520:529 arg1 source 531:536 a novel and easily isolatable source 501:536 a novel and easily isolatable source of biomarkers from clinical biofluids 501:574 Structurally, prostate-derived exosomes are distinct in size, membrane composition and specific prostate protein content, potentially providing a novel and easily isolatable source of biomarkers from clinical biofluids. 24564711 3 43 from source 531:536 arg1 biofluids 566:574 clinical biofluids 557:574 clinical biofluids 557:574 Structurally, prostate-derived exosomes are distinct in size, membrane composition and specific prostate protein content, potentially providing a novel and easily isolatable source of biomarkers from clinical biofluids. 25542099 0 0 theme cellulose 72:80 arg1 nanofibres 96:105 cellulose and cellulose nanofibres 72:105 cellulose and cellulose nanofibres 72:105 A comparative study on properties of micro and nanopapers produced from cellulose and cellulose nanofibres. 25542099 0 1 from study 14:18 arg1 properties 23:32 properties 23:32 properties of micro and nanopapers 23:56 A comparative study on properties of micro and nanopapers produced from cellulose and cellulose nanofibres. 25542099 1 2 theme cellulose 142:150 arg1 CNFs 164:167 CNFs 164:167 CNFs 164:167 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibres (CNFs) were successfully extracted from cellulose obtained from maize stalk residues. 25542099 1 2 theme cellulose 142:150 arg1 nanofibres 152:161 cellulose nanofibres 142:161 cellulose nanofibres (CNFs) 142:168 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibres (CNFs) were successfully extracted from cellulose obtained from maize stalk residues. 25542099 3 3 dep 7 699:699 arg1 to 696:697 to 696:697 to 696:697 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) results confirmed that the diameters of CNCs and CNFs were ranging from 3 to 7 nm and 4 to 10nm, respectively, with their lengths in micro scale. 25542099 4 4 theme CNCs 768:771 arg1 suspension 773:782 CNCs suspension 768:782 CNCs suspension 768:782 CNCs suspension showed a flow of birefringence, however, the same was not observed in the case of suspension containing CNFs. 25542099 0 5 theme cellulose 86:94 arg1 nanofibres 96:105 cellulose and cellulose nanofibres 72:105 cellulose and cellulose nanofibres 72:105 A comparative study on properties of micro and nanopapers produced from cellulose and cellulose nanofibres. 25542099 3 6 with nm 701:702 arg1 lengths 744:750 their lengths 738:750 their lengths in micro scale 738:765 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) results confirmed that the diameters of CNCs and CNFs were ranging from 3 to 7 nm and 4 to 10nm, respectively, with their lengths in micro scale. 25542099 7 7 theme cellulose 1104:1112 arg1 pulp 1114:1117 cellulose pulp 1104:1117 cellulose pulp 1104:1117 Micropapers were also prepared from cellulose pulp by the same technique. 25542099 9 8 theme superior 1330:1337 arg1 properties 1350:1359 superior mechanical properties 1330:1359 superior mechanical properties 1330:1359 Nanopapers produced from CNFs provided superior mechanical properties as compared to both micropaper and nanopapers produced from CNCs. 25542099 6 9 theme solvent 1040:1046 arg1 method 1060:1065 solvent evaporation method 1040:1065 solvent evaporation method 1040:1065 Nanopapers were prepared from CNCs and CNFs by solvent evaporation method. 25542099 3 10 theme CNFs 671:674 arg1 diameters 649:657 the diameters 645:657 the diameters of CNCs and CNFs 645:674 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) results confirmed that the diameters of CNCs and CNFs were ranging from 3 to 7 nm and 4 to 10nm, respectively, with their lengths in micro scale. 25542099 2 11 theme greater 542:548 arg1 extent 550:555 a greater extent 540:555 a greater extent 540:555 A variety of techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used for characterization and the experimental results showed that lignin and hemicellulose were removed to a greater extent by following the chemical methods. 25542099 2 12 theme scanning 330:337 arg1 SEM 360:362 SEM 360:362 SEM 360:362 A variety of techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used for characterization and the experimental results showed that lignin and hemicellulose were removed to a greater extent by following the chemical methods. 25542099 2 12 theme scanning 330:337 arg1 microscopy 348:357 scanning electron microscopy 330:357 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 330:363 A variety of techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used for characterization and the experimental results showed that lignin and hemicellulose were removed to a greater extent by following the chemical methods. 25542099 9 13 theme mechanical 1339:1348 arg1 properties 1350:1359 superior mechanical properties 1330:1359 superior mechanical properties 1330:1359 Nanopapers produced from CNFs provided superior mechanical properties as compared to both micropaper and nanopapers produced from CNCs. 25542099 2 14 theme experimental 466:477 arg1 results 479:485 the experimental results 462:485 the experimental results 462:485 A variety of techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used for characterization and the experimental results showed that lignin and hemicellulose were removed to a greater extent by following the chemical methods. 25542099 1 15 theme Cellulose 108:116 arg1 CNCs 132:135 CNCs 132:135 CNCs 132:135 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibres (CNFs) were successfully extracted from cellulose obtained from maize stalk residues. 25542099 1 15 theme Cellulose 108:116 arg1 nanocrystals 118:129 Cellulose nanocrystals 108:129 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 108:136 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibres (CNFs) were successfully extracted from cellulose obtained from maize stalk residues. 25542099 2 16 theme techniques 262:271 arg1 Fourier 282:288 Fourier 282:288 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 282:425 A variety of techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used for characterization and the experimental results showed that lignin and hemicellulose were removed to a greater extent by following the chemical methods. 25542099 2 16 theme techniques 262:271 arg1 techniques 262:271 techniques 262:271 techniques 262:271 A variety of techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used for characterization and the experimental results showed that lignin and hemicellulose were removed to a greater extent by following the chemical methods. 25542099 2 16 theme techniques 262:271 arg1 variety 251:257 A variety 249:257 A variety of techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 249:425 A variety of techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used for characterization and the experimental results showed that lignin and hemicellulose were removed to a greater extent by following the chemical methods. 25542099 5 17 contain had 927:929 arg2 index 950:954 high crystallinity index 931:954 high crystallinity index 931:954 XRD analysis confirmed that CNCs had high crystallinity index in comparison to cellulose and CNFs. 25542099 5 17 contain had 927:929 arg1 CNCs 922:925 CNCs 922:925 CNCs 922:925 XRD analysis confirmed that CNCs had high crystallinity index in comparison to cellulose and CNFs. 25542099 3 18 theme CNCs 662:665 arg1 diameters 649:657 the diameters 645:657 the diameters of CNCs and CNFs 645:674 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) results confirmed that the diameters of CNCs and CNFs were ranging from 3 to 7 nm and 4 to 10nm, respectively, with their lengths in micro scale. 25542099 8 19 theme high 1246:1249 arg1 transparency 1251:1262 high transparency 1246:1262 high transparency 1246:1262 Nanopapers made from CNFs showed less transparency as compared to nanopapers produced from CNCs whereas high transparency as compared to micropaper. 25542099 6 20 theme evaporation 1048:1058 arg1 method 1060:1065 solvent evaporation method 1040:1065 solvent evaporation method 1040:1065 Nanopapers were prepared from CNCs and CNFs by solvent evaporation method. 25542099 0 21 theme comparative 2:12 arg1 study 14:18 A comparative study 0:18 A comparative study on properties of micro and nanopapers 0:56 A comparative study on properties of micro and nanopapers produced from cellulose and cellulose nanofibres. 25542099 2 22 theme chemical 574:581 arg1 methods 583:589 the chemical methods 570:589 the chemical methods 570:589 A variety of techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used for characterization and the experimental results showed that lignin and hemicellulose were removed to a greater extent by following the chemical methods. 25542099 2 23 theme infrared 300:307 arg1 spectroscopy 316:327 infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy 300:327 infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy 300:327 A variety of techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used for characterization and the experimental results showed that lignin and hemicellulose were removed to a greater extent by following the chemical methods. 25542099 2 24 theme thermogravimetric 394:410 arg1 TGA 422:424 TGA 422:424 TGA 422:424 A variety of techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used for characterization and the experimental results showed that lignin and hemicellulose were removed to a greater extent by following the chemical methods. 25542099 2 24 theme thermogravimetric 394:410 arg1 analysis 412:419 thermogravimetric analysis 394:419 thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 394:425 A variety of techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used for characterization and the experimental results showed that lignin and hemicellulose were removed to a greater extent by following the chemical methods. 25542099 3 25 theme microscopy 605:614 arg1 results 622:628 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) results 592:628 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) results 592:628 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) results confirmed that the diameters of CNCs and CNFs were ranging from 3 to 7 nm and 4 to 10nm, respectively, with their lengths in micro scale. 25542099 4 26 theme CNFs 888:891 arg1 case 858:861 the case 854:861 the case of suspension containing CNFs 854:891 CNCs suspension showed a flow of birefringence, however, the same was not observed in the case of suspension containing CNFs. 25542099 3 27 dep 10nm 713:716 arg1 to 710:711 to 710:711 to 710:711 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) results confirmed that the diameters of CNCs and CNFs were ranging from 3 to 7 nm and 4 to 10nm, respectively, with their lengths in micro scale. 25542099 4 28 theme containing 877:886 arg1 CNFs 888:891 suspension containing CNFs 866:891 suspension containing CNFs 866:891 CNCs suspension showed a flow of birefringence, however, the same was not observed in the case of suspension containing CNFs. 25542099 3 29 from lengths 744:750 arg1 scale 761:765 micro scale 755:765 micro scale 755:765 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) results confirmed that the diameters of CNCs and CNFs were ranging from 3 to 7 nm and 4 to 10nm, respectively, with their lengths in micro scale. 25542099 3 30 theme Atomic 592:597 arg1 microscopy 605:614 Atomic force microscopy 592:614 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) results 592:628 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) results confirmed that the diameters of CNCs and CNFs were ranging from 3 to 7 nm and 4 to 10nm, respectively, with their lengths in micro scale. 25542099 3 30 theme Atomic 592:597 arg1 AFM 617:619 AFM 617:619 AFM 617:619 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) results confirmed that the diameters of CNCs and CNFs were ranging from 3 to 7 nm and 4 to 10nm, respectively, with their lengths in micro scale. 25542099 2 31 theme X-ray 366:370 arg1 diffraction 372:382 X-ray diffraction 366:382 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 366:388 A variety of techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used for characterization and the experimental results showed that lignin and hemicellulose were removed to a greater extent by following the chemical methods. 25542099 2 31 theme X-ray 366:370 arg1 XRD 385:387 XRD 385:387 XRD 385:387 A variety of techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used for characterization and the experimental results showed that lignin and hemicellulose were removed to a greater extent by following the chemical methods. 25542099 3 32 theme force 599:603 arg1 microscopy 605:614 Atomic force microscopy 592:614 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) results 592:628 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) results confirmed that the diameters of CNCs and CNFs were ranging from 3 to 7 nm and 4 to 10nm, respectively, with their lengths in micro scale. 25542099 3 32 theme force 599:603 arg1 AFM 617:619 AFM 617:619 AFM 617:619 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) results confirmed that the diameters of CNCs and CNFs were ranging from 3 to 7 nm and 4 to 10nm, respectively, with their lengths in micro scale. 25542099 2 33 dep Fourier 282:288 arg1 transform 290:298 transform 290:298 transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 290:425 A variety of techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used for characterization and the experimental results showed that lignin and hemicellulose were removed to a greater extent by following the chemical methods. 25542099 0 34 theme micro 37:41 arg1 properties 23:32 properties 23:32 properties of micro and nanopapers 23:56 A comparative study on properties of micro and nanopapers produced from cellulose and cellulose nanofibres. 25542099 2 35 used used 432:435 arg2 variety 251:257 A variety 249:257 A variety of techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 249:425 A variety of techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used for characterization and the experimental results showed that lignin and hemicellulose were removed to a greater extent by following the chemical methods. 25542099 2 35 used used 432:435 arg2 Fourier 282:288 Fourier 282:288 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 282:425 A variety of techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used for characterization and the experimental results showed that lignin and hemicellulose were removed to a greater extent by following the chemical methods. 25542099 2 35 used used 432:435 arg2 techniques 262:271 techniques 262:271 techniques 262:271 A variety of techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used for characterization and the experimental results showed that lignin and hemicellulose were removed to a greater extent by following the chemical methods. 25542099 5 36 theme high 931:934 arg1 index 950:954 high crystallinity index 931:954 high crystallinity index 931:954 XRD analysis confirmed that CNCs had high crystallinity index in comparison to cellulose and CNFs. 25542099 2 37 dep infrared 300:307 arg1 FTIR 310:313 FTIR 310:313 FTIR 310:313 A variety of techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used for characterization and the experimental results showed that lignin and hemicellulose were removed to a greater extent by following the chemical methods. 25542099 4 38 theme birefringence 801:813 arg1 flow 793:796 a flow 791:796 a flow of birefringence 791:813 CNCs suspension showed a flow of birefringence, however, the same was not observed in the case of suspension containing CNFs. 25542099 5 39 theme crystallinity 936:948 arg1 index 950:954 high crystallinity index 931:954 high crystallinity index 931:954 XRD analysis confirmed that CNCs had high crystallinity index in comparison to cellulose and CNFs. 25542099 3 40 with 10nm 713:716 arg1 lengths 744:750 their lengths 738:750 their lengths in micro scale 738:765 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) results confirmed that the diameters of CNCs and CNFs were ranging from 3 to 7 nm and 4 to 10nm, respectively, with their lengths in micro scale. 25542099 3 41 theme micro 755:759 arg1 scale 761:765 micro scale 755:765 micro scale 755:765 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) results confirmed that the diameters of CNCs and CNFs were ranging from 3 to 7 nm and 4 to 10nm, respectively, with their lengths in micro scale. 25542099 1 42 theme maize 227:231 arg1 residues 239:246 maize stalk residues 227:246 maize stalk residues 227:246 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibres (CNFs) were successfully extracted from cellulose obtained from maize stalk residues. 25542099 0 43 theme nanopapers 47:56 arg1 properties 23:32 properties 23:32 properties of micro and nanopapers 23:56 A comparative study on properties of micro and nanopapers produced from cellulose and cellulose nanofibres. 25542099 4 44 theme suspension 866:875 arg1 CNFs 888:891 suspension containing CNFs 866:891 suspension containing CNFs 866:891 CNCs suspension showed a flow of birefringence, however, the same was not observed in the case of suspension containing CNFs. 25542099 5 45 theme XRD 894:896 arg1 analysis 898:905 XRD analysis 894:905 XRD analysis 894:905 XRD analysis confirmed that CNCs had high crystallinity index in comparison to cellulose and CNFs. 25542099 4 46 located observed 842:849 arg2 same 829:832 same 829:832 same 829:832 CNCs suspension showed a flow of birefringence, however, the same was not observed in the case of suspension containing CNFs. 25542099 4 46 located observed 842:849 arg1 case 858:861 the case 854:861 the case of suspension containing CNFs 854:891 CNCs suspension showed a flow of birefringence, however, the same was not observed in the case of suspension containing CNFs. 25542099 2 47 theme electron 339:346 arg1 SEM 360:362 SEM 360:362 SEM 360:362 A variety of techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used for characterization and the experimental results showed that lignin and hemicellulose were removed to a greater extent by following the chemical methods. 25542099 2 47 theme electron 339:346 arg1 microscopy 348:357 scanning electron microscopy 330:357 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 330:363 A variety of techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used for characterization and the experimental results showed that lignin and hemicellulose were removed to a greater extent by following the chemical methods. 25542099 7 48 theme same 1126:1129 arg1 technique 1131:1139 the same technique 1122:1139 the same technique 1122:1139 Micropapers were also prepared from cellulose pulp by the same technique. 25542099 1 49 theme stalk 233:237 arg1 residues 239:246 maize stalk residues 227:246 maize stalk residues 227:246 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibres (CNFs) were successfully extracted from cellulose obtained from maize stalk residues. 27278580 1 0 theme oxidized 281:288 arg1 ORC 328:330 ORC 328:330 ORC 328:330 A novel bilayer knitted fabric-reinforced composite for potentially being used as a dural substitute was developed by solution infiltration of oxidized regenerated cellulose knitted fabric (ORC) with poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) solution at various concentrations ranging 10-40 g/100 mL. 27278580 1 0 theme oxidized 281:288 arg1 fabric 320:325 oxidized regenerated cellulose knitted fabric 281:325 oxidized regenerated cellulose knitted fabric (ORC) 281:331 A novel bilayer knitted fabric-reinforced composite for potentially being used as a dural substitute was developed by solution infiltration of oxidized regenerated cellulose knitted fabric (ORC) with poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) solution at various concentrations ranging 10-40 g/100 mL. 27278580 7 1 theme rapid 1279:1283 arg1 decrease 1285:1292 an initially rapid decrease 1266:1292 an initially rapid decrease 1266:1292 In vitro degradation study revealed that the weight loss percentage and change in tensile properties of all samples displayed biphasic profile comprising an initially rapid decrease and followed by a gradual decrease with incubation times afterward. 27278580 4 2 theme Tensile 705:711 arg1 modulus 713:719 Tensile modulus 705:719 Tensile modulus 705:719 Tensile modulus and strength of the samples initially decreased with increasing PCL solution concentration for up to 20 g/100 mL and re-increased again with further increasing PCL solution concentration. 27278580 1 3 theme regenerated 290:300 arg1 ORC 328:330 ORC 328:330 ORC 328:330 A novel bilayer knitted fabric-reinforced composite for potentially being used as a dural substitute was developed by solution infiltration of oxidized regenerated cellulose knitted fabric (ORC) with poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) solution at various concentrations ranging 10-40 g/100 mL. 27278580 1 3 theme regenerated 290:300 arg1 fabric 320:325 oxidized regenerated cellulose knitted fabric 281:325 oxidized regenerated cellulose knitted fabric (ORC) 281:331 A novel bilayer knitted fabric-reinforced composite for potentially being used as a dural substitute was developed by solution infiltration of oxidized regenerated cellulose knitted fabric (ORC) with poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) solution at various concentrations ranging 10-40 g/100 mL. 27278580 7 4 theme weight 1157:1162 arg1 loss 1164:1167 the weight loss percentage and change 1153:1189 loss 1164:1167 In vitro degradation study revealed that the weight loss percentage and change in tensile properties of all samples displayed biphasic profile comprising an initially rapid decrease and followed by a gradual decrease with incubation times afterward. 27278580 7 5 dep loss 1164:1167 arg1 percentage 1169:1178 percentage 1169:1178 percentage 1169:1178 In vitro degradation study revealed that the weight loss percentage and change in tensile properties of all samples displayed biphasic profile comprising an initially rapid decrease and followed by a gradual decrease with incubation times afterward. 27278580 4 6 theme PCL 785:787 arg1 concentration 798:810 PCL solution concentration 785:810 PCL solution concentration 785:810 Tensile modulus and strength of the samples initially decreased with increasing PCL solution concentration for up to 20 g/100 mL and re-increased again with further increasing PCL solution concentration. 27278580 9 7 theme PCL 1624:1626 arg1 concentration 1637:1649 PCL solution concentration 1624:1649 PCL solution concentration 1624:1649 The degradation rate was found to decrease with increasing PCL solution concentration. 27278580 1 8 theme cellulose 302:310 arg1 ORC 328:330 ORC 328:330 ORC 328:330 A novel bilayer knitted fabric-reinforced composite for potentially being used as a dural substitute was developed by solution infiltration of oxidized regenerated cellulose knitted fabric (ORC) with poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) solution at various concentrations ranging 10-40 g/100 mL. 27278580 1 8 theme cellulose 302:310 arg1 fabric 320:325 oxidized regenerated cellulose knitted fabric 281:325 oxidized regenerated cellulose knitted fabric (ORC) 281:331 A novel bilayer knitted fabric-reinforced composite for potentially being used as a dural substitute was developed by solution infiltration of oxidized regenerated cellulose knitted fabric (ORC) with poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) solution at various concentrations ranging 10-40 g/100 mL. 27278580 10 9 theme In 1652:1653 arg1 biocompatibility 1661:1676 In vitro biocompatibility 1652:1676 In vitro biocompatibility using alamar blue assay on selected samples 1652:1720 In vitro biocompatibility using alamar blue assay on selected samples showed that fibroblasts could attach and proliferate well at all incubation periods. 27278580 1 10 theme various 376:382 arg1 concentrations 384:397 various concentrations 376:397 various concentrations ranging 10-40 g/100 mL 376:420 A novel bilayer knitted fabric-reinforced composite for potentially being used as a dural substitute was developed by solution infiltration of oxidized regenerated cellulose knitted fabric (ORC) with poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) solution at various concentrations ranging 10-40 g/100 mL. 27278580 5 11 from break 919:923 arg1 Strain 909:914 Strain at break 909:923 Strain at break of all formulations 909:943 Strain at break of all formulations were not significantly different. 27278580 5 11 from break 919:923 arg1 at 916:917 Strain at break 909:923 Strain at break of all formulations 909:943 Strain at break of all formulations were not significantly different. 27278580 3 12 theme samples 567:573 arg1 Microstructure 545:558 Microstructure 545:558 Microstructure of the samples 545:573 Microstructure of the samples typically comprised a bilayer structure having a nonporous PCL layer on one side and the ORC/PCL composite layer on another side. 27278580 1 13 theme knitted 312:318 arg1 ORC 328:330 ORC 328:330 ORC 328:330 A novel bilayer knitted fabric-reinforced composite for potentially being used as a dural substitute was developed by solution infiltration of oxidized regenerated cellulose knitted fabric (ORC) with poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) solution at various concentrations ranging 10-40 g/100 mL. 27278580 1 13 theme knitted 312:318 arg1 fabric 320:325 oxidized regenerated cellulose knitted fabric 281:325 oxidized regenerated cellulose knitted fabric (ORC) 281:331 A novel bilayer knitted fabric-reinforced composite for potentially being used as a dural substitute was developed by solution infiltration of oxidized regenerated cellulose knitted fabric (ORC) with poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) solution at various concentrations ranging 10-40 g/100 mL. 27278580 2 14 theme human 533:537 arg1 dura 539:542 the human dura 529:542 the human dura 529:542 It was found that the density of all formulations did not differ significantly and was lower than that of the human dura. 27278580 4 15 theme samples 741:747 arg1 strength 725:732 strength 725:732 strength 725:732 Tensile modulus and strength of the samples initially decreased with increasing PCL solution concentration for up to 20 g/100 mL and re-increased again with further increasing PCL solution concentration. 27278580 4 15 theme samples 741:747 arg1 modulus 713:719 Tensile modulus 705:719 Tensile modulus 705:719 Tensile modulus and strength of the samples initially decreased with increasing PCL solution concentration for up to 20 g/100 mL and re-increased again with further increasing PCL solution concentration. 27278580 7 16 with decrease 1320:1327 arg1 times 1345:1349 incubation times afterward 1334:1359 incubation times afterward 1334:1359 In vitro degradation study revealed that the weight loss percentage and change in tensile properties of all samples displayed biphasic profile comprising an initially rapid decrease and followed by a gradual decrease with incubation times afterward. 27278580 10 17 theme alamar 1684:1689 arg1 assay 1696:1700 alamar blue assay 1684:1700 alamar blue assay on selected samples 1684:1720 In vitro biocompatibility using alamar blue assay on selected samples showed that fibroblasts could attach and proliferate well at all incubation periods. 27278580 0 18 dep dural 120:124 arg1 substitute 126:135 substitute 126:135 substitute 126:135 Bilayer oxidized regenerated cellulose/poly ε-caprolactone knitted fabric-reinforced composite for use as an artificial dural substitute. 27278580 3 19 from layer 638:642 arg1 side 651:654 one side 647:654 one side 647:654 Microstructure of the samples typically comprised a bilayer structure having a nonporous PCL layer on one side and the ORC/PCL composite layer on another side. 27278580 3 19 from layer 638:642 arg1 side 699:702 another side 691:702 another side 691:702 Microstructure of the samples typically comprised a bilayer structure having a nonporous PCL layer on one side and the ORC/PCL composite layer on another side. 27278580 9 20 theme degradation 1569:1579 arg1 rate 1581:1584 The degradation rate 1565:1584 The degradation rate 1565:1584 The degradation rate was found to decrease with increasing PCL solution concentration. 27278580 3 21 contain having 615:620 arg1 structure 605:613 a bilayer structure 595:613 a bilayer structure having a nonporous PCL layer on one side and the ORC/PCL composite layer on another side 595:702 Microstructure of the samples typically comprised a bilayer structure having a nonporous PCL layer on one side and the ORC/PCL composite layer on another side. 27278580 3 21 contain having 615:620 arg2 layer 682:686 the ORC/PCL composite layer 660:686 the ORC/PCL composite layer on another side 660:702 Microstructure of the samples typically comprised a bilayer structure having a nonporous PCL layer on one side and the ORC/PCL composite layer on another side. 27278580 3 21 contain having 615:620 arg2 layer 638:642 a nonporous PCL layer 622:642 a nonporous PCL layer on one side 622:654 Microstructure of the samples typically comprised a bilayer structure having a nonporous PCL layer on one side and the ORC/PCL composite layer on another side. 27278580 4 22 theme solution 789:796 arg1 concentration 798:810 PCL solution concentration 785:810 PCL solution concentration 785:810 Tensile modulus and strength of the samples initially decreased with increasing PCL solution concentration for up to 20 g/100 mL and re-increased again with further increasing PCL solution concentration. 27278580 6 23 theme Watertight 979:988 arg1 test 990:993 Watertight test 979:993 Watertight test 979:993 Watertight test revealed that all composites could prevent leakage at the pressure within the normal range of intracranial pressure. 27278580 0 24 theme oxidized 8:15 arg1 ε-caprolactone 44:57 Bilayer oxidized regenerated cellulose/poly ε-caprolactone 0:57 Bilayer oxidized regenerated cellulose/poly ε-caprolactone 0:57 Bilayer oxidized regenerated cellulose/poly ε-caprolactone knitted fabric-reinforced composite for use as an artificial dural substitute. 27278580 4 25 theme solution 885:892 arg1 concentration 894:906 PCL solution concentration 881:906 PCL solution concentration 881:906 Tensile modulus and strength of the samples initially decreased with increasing PCL solution concentration for up to 20 g/100 mL and re-increased again with further increasing PCL solution concentration. 27278580 10 26 dep In 1652:1653 arg1 vitro 1655:1659 vitro 1655:1659 vitro 1655:1659 In vitro biocompatibility using alamar blue assay on selected samples showed that fibroblasts could attach and proliferate well at all incubation periods. 27278580 7 27 dep profile 1247:1253 arg1 comprising 1255:1264 comprising 1255:1264 comprising an initially rapid decrease 1255:1292 In vitro degradation study revealed that the weight loss percentage and change in tensile properties of all samples displayed biphasic profile comprising an initially rapid decrease and followed by a gradual decrease with incubation times afterward. 27278580 7 27 dep profile 1247:1253 arg1 followed 1298:1305 followed 1298:1305 followed by a gradual decrease with incubation times afterward 1298:1359 In vitro degradation study revealed that the weight loss percentage and change in tensile properties of all samples displayed biphasic profile comprising an initially rapid decrease and followed by a gradual decrease with incubation times afterward. 27278580 5 28 theme Strain 909:914 arg1 break 919:923 Strain at break 909:923 Strain at break of all formulations 909:943 Strain at break of all formulations were not significantly different. 27278580 0 29 theme Bilayer 0:6 arg1 ε-caprolactone 44:57 Bilayer oxidized regenerated cellulose/poly ε-caprolactone 0:57 Bilayer oxidized regenerated cellulose/poly ε-caprolactone 0:57 Bilayer oxidized regenerated cellulose/poly ε-caprolactone knitted fabric-reinforced composite for use as an artificial dural substitute. 27278580 1 30 theme fabric 320:325 arg1 infiltration 265:276 solution infiltration 256:276 solution infiltration of oxidized regenerated cellulose knitted fabric (ORC) with poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) solution at various concentrations ranging 10-40 g/100 mL 256:420 A novel bilayer knitted fabric-reinforced composite for potentially being used as a dural substitute was developed by solution infiltration of oxidized regenerated cellulose knitted fabric (ORC) with poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) solution at various concentrations ranging 10-40 g/100 mL. 27278580 4 31 theme PCL 881:883 arg1 concentration 894:906 PCL solution concentration 881:906 PCL solution concentration 881:906 Tensile modulus and strength of the samples initially decreased with increasing PCL solution concentration for up to 20 g/100 mL and re-increased again with further increasing PCL solution concentration. 27278580 3 32 theme bilayer 597:603 arg1 structure 605:613 a bilayer structure 595:613 a bilayer structure having a nonporous PCL layer on one side and the ORC/PCL composite layer on another side 595:702 Microstructure of the samples typically comprised a bilayer structure having a nonporous PCL layer on one side and the ORC/PCL composite layer on another side. 27278580 5 33 theme at 916:917 arg1 break 919:923 Strain at break 909:923 Strain at break of all formulations 909:943 Strain at break of all formulations were not significantly different. 27278580 0 34 theme cellulose/poly 29:42 arg1 ε-caprolactone 44:57 Bilayer oxidized regenerated cellulose/poly ε-caprolactone 0:57 Bilayer oxidized regenerated cellulose/poly ε-caprolactone 0:57 Bilayer oxidized regenerated cellulose/poly ε-caprolactone knitted fabric-reinforced composite for use as an artificial dural substitute. 27278580 3 35 theme PCL 634:636 arg1 layer 638:642 a nonporous PCL layer 622:642 a nonporous PCL layer on one side 622:654 Microstructure of the samples typically comprised a bilayer structure having a nonporous PCL layer on one side and the ORC/PCL composite layer on another side. 27278580 10 36 theme blue 1691:1694 arg1 assay 1696:1700 alamar blue assay 1684:1700 alamar blue assay on selected samples 1684:1720 In vitro biocompatibility using alamar blue assay on selected samples showed that fibroblasts could attach and proliferate well at all incubation periods. 27278580 10 37 from assay 1696:1700 arg1 samples 1714:1720 selected samples 1705:1720 selected samples 1705:1720 In vitro biocompatibility using alamar blue assay on selected samples showed that fibroblasts could attach and proliferate well at all incubation periods. 27278580 6 38 theme pressure 1102:1109 arg1 range 1080:1084 the normal range 1069:1084 the normal range of intracranial pressure 1069:1109 Watertight test revealed that all composites could prevent leakage at the pressure within the normal range of intracranial pressure. 27278580 1 39 from concentrations 384:397 arg1 solution 364:371 poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) solution 338:371 poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) solution at various concentrations ranging 10-40 g/100 mL 338:420 A novel bilayer knitted fabric-reinforced composite for potentially being used as a dural substitute was developed by solution infiltration of oxidized regenerated cellulose knitted fabric (ORC) with poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) solution at various concentrations ranging 10-40 g/100 mL. 27278580 7 40 theme degradation 1121:1131 arg1 study 1133:1137 In vitro degradation study 1112:1137 In vitro degradation study 1112:1137 In vitro degradation study revealed that the weight loss percentage and change in tensile properties of all samples displayed biphasic profile comprising an initially rapid decrease and followed by a gradual decrease with incubation times afterward. 27278580 8 41 theme composite 1439:1447 arg1 layer 1449:1453 the composite layer 1435:1453 the composite layer 1435:1453 Micro and macro porous channels were observed to be in situ generated in the composite layer by ORC dissolution and PCL resorption during degradation while nonporous layer remained relatively unchanged. 27278580 5 42 theme formulations 932:943 arg1 break 919:923 Strain at break 909:923 Strain at break of all formulations 909:943 Strain at break of all formulations were not significantly different. 27278580 6 43 theme intracranial 1089:1100 arg1 pressure 1102:1109 intracranial pressure 1089:1109 intracranial pressure 1089:1109 Watertight test revealed that all composites could prevent leakage at the pressure within the normal range of intracranial pressure. 27278580 7 44 theme tensile 1194:1200 arg1 properties 1202:1211 tensile properties 1194:1211 tensile properties of all samples 1194:1226 In vitro degradation study revealed that the weight loss percentage and change in tensile properties of all samples displayed biphasic profile comprising an initially rapid decrease and followed by a gradual decrease with incubation times afterward. 27278580 10 45 theme incubation 1787:1796 arg1 periods 1798:1804 all incubation periods 1783:1804 all incubation periods 1783:1804 In vitro biocompatibility using alamar blue assay on selected samples showed that fibroblasts could attach and proliferate well at all incubation periods. 27278580 3 46 theme ORC/PCL 664:670 arg1 layer 682:686 the ORC/PCL composite layer 660:686 the ORC/PCL composite layer on another side 660:702 Microstructure of the samples typically comprised a bilayer structure having a nonporous PCL layer on one side and the ORC/PCL composite layer on another side. 27278580 10 47 theme selected 1705:1712 arg1 samples 1714:1720 selected samples 1705:1720 selected samples 1705:1720 In vitro biocompatibility using alamar blue assay on selected samples showed that fibroblasts could attach and proliferate well at all incubation periods. 27278580 7 48 theme In 1112:1113 arg1 study 1133:1137 In vitro degradation study 1112:1137 In vitro degradation study 1112:1137 In vitro degradation study revealed that the weight loss percentage and change in tensile properties of all samples displayed biphasic profile comprising an initially rapid decrease and followed by a gradual decrease with incubation times afterward. 27278580 8 49 theme macro 1372:1376 arg1 channels 1385:1392 Micro and macro porous channels 1362:1392 Micro and macro porous channels 1362:1392 Micro and macro porous channels were observed to be in situ generated in the composite layer by ORC dissolution and PCL resorption during degradation while nonporous layer remained relatively unchanged. 27278580 2 50 theme formulations 460:471 arg1 lower 510:514 lower 510:514 lower 510:514 It was found that the density of all formulations did not differ significantly and was lower than that of the human dura. 27278580 2 50 theme formulations 460:471 arg1 density 445:451 the density 441:451 the density of all formulations 441:471 It was found that the density of all formulations did not differ significantly and was lower than that of the human dura. 27278580 8 51 theme Micro 1362:1366 arg1 channels 1385:1392 Micro and macro porous channels 1362:1392 Micro and macro porous channels 1362:1392 Micro and macro porous channels were observed to be in situ generated in the composite layer by ORC dissolution and PCL resorption during degradation while nonporous layer remained relatively unchanged. 27278580 1 52 theme poly 338:341 arg1 PCL 359:361 PCL 359:361 PCL 359:361 A novel bilayer knitted fabric-reinforced composite for potentially being used as a dural substitute was developed by solution infiltration of oxidized regenerated cellulose knitted fabric (ORC) with poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) solution at various concentrations ranging 10-40 g/100 mL. 27278580 1 52 theme poly 338:341 arg1 ε-caprolactone 343:356 poly ε-caprolactone 338:356 poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) solution at various concentrations ranging 10-40 g/100 mL 338:420 A novel bilayer knitted fabric-reinforced composite for potentially being used as a dural substitute was developed by solution infiltration of oxidized regenerated cellulose knitted fabric (ORC) with poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) solution at various concentrations ranging 10-40 g/100 mL. 27278580 7 53 dep In 1112:1113 arg1 vitro 1115:1119 vitro 1115:1119 vitro 1115:1119 In vitro degradation study revealed that the weight loss percentage and change in tensile properties of all samples displayed biphasic profile comprising an initially rapid decrease and followed by a gradual decrease with incubation times afterward. 27278580 8 54 theme ORC 1458:1460 arg1 dissolution 1462:1472 ORC dissolution 1458:1472 ORC dissolution 1458:1472 Micro and macro porous channels were observed to be in situ generated in the composite layer by ORC dissolution and PCL resorption during degradation while nonporous layer remained relatively unchanged. 27278580 7 55 theme incubation 1334:1343 arg1 times 1345:1349 incubation times afterward 1334:1359 incubation times afterward 1334:1359 In vitro degradation study revealed that the weight loss percentage and change in tensile properties of all samples displayed biphasic profile comprising an initially rapid decrease and followed by a gradual decrease with incubation times afterward. 27278580 0 56 theme fabric-reinforced 67:83 arg1 composite 85:93 fabric-reinforced composite 67:93 fabric-reinforced composite for use as an artificial dural substitute 67:135 Bilayer oxidized regenerated cellulose/poly ε-caprolactone knitted fabric-reinforced composite for use as an artificial dural substitute. 27278580 1 57 theme ε-caprolactone 343:356 arg1 solution 364:371 poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) solution 338:371 poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) solution at various concentrations ranging 10-40 g/100 mL 338:420 A novel bilayer knitted fabric-reinforced composite for potentially being used as a dural substitute was developed by solution infiltration of oxidized regenerated cellulose knitted fabric (ORC) with poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) solution at various concentrations ranging 10-40 g/100 mL. 27278580 7 58 from change 1184:1189 arg1 properties 1202:1211 tensile properties 1194:1211 tensile properties of all samples 1194:1226 In vitro degradation study revealed that the weight loss percentage and change in tensile properties of all samples displayed biphasic profile comprising an initially rapid decrease and followed by a gradual decrease with incubation times afterward. 27278580 8 59 theme PCL 1478:1480 arg1 resorption 1482:1491 PCL resorption 1478:1491 PCL resorption 1478:1491 Micro and macro porous channels were observed to be in situ generated in the composite layer by ORC dissolution and PCL resorption during degradation while nonporous layer remained relatively unchanged. 27278580 1 60 theme novel 140:144 arg1 composite 180:188 A novel bilayer knitted fabric-reinforced composite 138:188 A novel bilayer knitted fabric-reinforced composite for potentially being used as a dural substitute 138:237 A novel bilayer knitted fabric-reinforced composite for potentially being used as a dural substitute was developed by solution infiltration of oxidized regenerated cellulose knitted fabric (ORC) with poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) solution at various concentrations ranging 10-40 g/100 mL. 27278580 7 61 theme gradual 1312:1318 arg1 decrease 1320:1327 a gradual decrease 1310:1327 a gradual decrease with incubation times afterward 1310:1359 In vitro degradation study revealed that the weight loss percentage and change in tensile properties of all samples displayed biphasic profile comprising an initially rapid decrease and followed by a gradual decrease with incubation times afterward. 27278580 3 62 theme nonporous 624:632 arg1 layer 638:642 a nonporous PCL layer 622:642 a nonporous PCL layer on one side 622:654 Microstructure of the samples typically comprised a bilayer structure having a nonporous PCL layer on one side and the ORC/PCL composite layer on another side. 27278580 1 63 theme bilayer 146:152 arg1 composite 180:188 A novel bilayer knitted fabric-reinforced composite 138:188 A novel bilayer knitted fabric-reinforced composite for potentially being used as a dural substitute 138:237 A novel bilayer knitted fabric-reinforced composite for potentially being used as a dural substitute was developed by solution infiltration of oxidized regenerated cellulose knitted fabric (ORC) with poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) solution at various concentrations ranging 10-40 g/100 mL. 27278580 6 64 theme normal 1073:1078 arg1 range 1080:1084 the normal range 1069:1084 the normal range of intracranial pressure 1069:1109 Watertight test revealed that all composites could prevent leakage at the pressure within the normal range of intracranial pressure. 27278580 9 65 theme solution 1628:1635 arg1 concentration 1637:1649 PCL solution concentration 1624:1649 PCL solution concentration 1624:1649 The degradation rate was found to decrease with increasing PCL solution concentration. 27278580 3 66 theme composite 672:680 arg1 layer 682:686 the ORC/PCL composite layer 660:686 the ORC/PCL composite layer on another side 660:702 Microstructure of the samples typically comprised a bilayer structure having a nonporous PCL layer on one side and the ORC/PCL composite layer on another side. 27278580 8 67 theme porous 1378:1383 arg1 channels 1385:1392 Micro and macro porous channels 1362:1392 Micro and macro porous channels 1362:1392 Micro and macro porous channels were observed to be in situ generated in the composite layer by ORC dissolution and PCL resorption during degradation while nonporous layer remained relatively unchanged. 27278580 1 68 with infiltration 265:276 arg1 solution 364:371 poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) solution 338:371 poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) solution at various concentrations ranging 10-40 g/100 mL 338:420 A novel bilayer knitted fabric-reinforced composite for potentially being used as a dural substitute was developed by solution infiltration of oxidized regenerated cellulose knitted fabric (ORC) with poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) solution at various concentrations ranging 10-40 g/100 mL. 27278580 1 69 theme knitted 154:160 arg1 composite 180:188 A novel bilayer knitted fabric-reinforced composite 138:188 A novel bilayer knitted fabric-reinforced composite for potentially being used as a dural substitute 138:237 A novel bilayer knitted fabric-reinforced composite for potentially being used as a dural substitute was developed by solution infiltration of oxidized regenerated cellulose knitted fabric (ORC) with poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) solution at various concentrations ranging 10-40 g/100 mL. 27278580 1 70 theme solution 256:263 arg1 infiltration 265:276 solution infiltration 256:276 solution infiltration of oxidized regenerated cellulose knitted fabric (ORC) with poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) solution at various concentrations ranging 10-40 g/100 mL 256:420 A novel bilayer knitted fabric-reinforced composite for potentially being used as a dural substitute was developed by solution infiltration of oxidized regenerated cellulose knitted fabric (ORC) with poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) solution at various concentrations ranging 10-40 g/100 mL. 27278580 8 71 theme nonporous 1518:1526 arg1 layer 1528:1532 nonporous layer 1518:1532 nonporous layer 1518:1532 Micro and macro porous channels were observed to be in situ generated in the composite layer by ORC dissolution and PCL resorption during degradation while nonporous layer remained relatively unchanged. 27278580 1 72 dep dural 222:226 arg1 substitute 228:237 substitute 228:237 substitute 228:237 A novel bilayer knitted fabric-reinforced composite for potentially being used as a dural substitute was developed by solution infiltration of oxidized regenerated cellulose knitted fabric (ORC) with poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) solution at various concentrations ranging 10-40 g/100 mL. 27278580 1 73 theme fabric-reinforced 162:178 arg1 composite 180:188 A novel bilayer knitted fabric-reinforced composite 138:188 A novel bilayer knitted fabric-reinforced composite for potentially being used as a dural substitute 138:237 A novel bilayer knitted fabric-reinforced composite for potentially being used as a dural substitute was developed by solution infiltration of oxidized regenerated cellulose knitted fabric (ORC) with poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) solution at various concentrations ranging 10-40 g/100 mL. 27278580 3 74 from layer 682:686 arg1 side 651:654 one side 647:654 one side 647:654 Microstructure of the samples typically comprised a bilayer structure having a nonporous PCL layer on one side and the ORC/PCL composite layer on another side. 27278580 3 74 from layer 682:686 arg1 side 699:702 another side 691:702 another side 691:702 Microstructure of the samples typically comprised a bilayer structure having a nonporous PCL layer on one side and the ORC/PCL composite layer on another side. 27278580 7 75 theme biphasic 1238:1245 arg1 profile 1247:1253 biphasic profile 1238:1253 biphasic profile comprising an initially rapid decrease and followed by a gradual decrease with incubation times afterward 1238:1359 In vitro degradation study revealed that the weight loss percentage and change in tensile properties of all samples displayed biphasic profile comprising an initially rapid decrease and followed by a gradual decrease with incubation times afterward. 27278580 0 76 theme regenerated 17:27 arg1 ε-caprolactone 44:57 Bilayer oxidized regenerated cellulose/poly ε-caprolactone 0:57 Bilayer oxidized regenerated cellulose/poly ε-caprolactone 0:57 Bilayer oxidized regenerated cellulose/poly ε-caprolactone knitted fabric-reinforced composite for use as an artificial dural substitute. 27278580 7 77 theme samples 1220:1226 arg1 properties 1202:1211 tensile properties 1194:1211 tensile properties of all samples 1194:1226 In vitro degradation study revealed that the weight loss percentage and change in tensile properties of all samples displayed biphasic profile comprising an initially rapid decrease and followed by a gradual decrease with incubation times afterward. 27278580 7 78 from loss 1164:1167 arg1 properties 1202:1211 tensile properties 1194:1211 tensile properties of all samples 1194:1226 In vitro degradation study revealed that the weight loss percentage and change in tensile properties of all samples displayed biphasic profile comprising an initially rapid decrease and followed by a gradual decrease with incubation times afterward. 26917391 7 0 theme efficiency 893:902 arg1 decrease 861:868 a decrease 859:868 a decrease of both the extraction efficiency and the molecular mass of pectin 859:935 The simultaneous application of both enzymatic preparations resulted in their cooperation, leading to a decrease of both the extraction efficiency and the molecular mass of pectin. 26917391 1 1 theme endo-cellulase 172:185 arg1 preparation 139:149 monoactive preparation 128:149 monoactive preparation of endo-xylanase and endo-cellulase 128:185 Pectins were extracted from apple pomace with monoactive preparation of endo-xylanase and endo-cellulase. 26917391 7 2 theme preparations 804:815 arg1 application 774:784 The simultaneous application 757:784 The simultaneous application of both enzymatic preparations 757:815 The simultaneous application of both enzymatic preparations resulted in their cooperation, leading to a decrease of both the extraction efficiency and the molecular mass of pectin. 26917391 4 3 dep level 447:451 arg1 glucose 505:511 glucose 505:511 glucose 505:511 The obtained polymer was characterised by a very high molecular mass, high level of neutral sugars - mainly arabinose, galactose and glucose, and very high DM (73.4). 26917391 4 3 dep level 447:451 arg1 galactose 491:499 galactose 491:499 galactose 491:499 The obtained polymer was characterised by a very high molecular mass, high level of neutral sugars - mainly arabinose, galactose and glucose, and very high DM (73.4). 26917391 4 3 dep level 447:451 arg1 arabinose 480:488 arabinose 480:488 arabinose 480:488 The obtained polymer was characterised by a very high molecular mass, high level of neutral sugars - mainly arabinose, galactose and glucose, and very high DM (73.4). 26917391 3 4 theme highest 322:328 arg1 efficiency 341:350 the highest extraction efficiency 318:350 the highest extraction efficiency of pectins (19.8%) 318:369 Endo-xylanase application resulted in the highest extraction efficiency of pectins (19.8%). 26917391 5 5 theme phenols 590:596 arg1 level 569:573 the highest level 557:573 the highest level of protein and phenols 557:596 It also contained the highest level of protein and phenols. 26917391 6 6 theme methylation 736:746 arg1 degree 726:731 a high degree 719:731 a high degree of methylation (66.3%) 719:754 Pectin extracted with endo-cellulase had 1.5 fold lower molecular mass but contained significantly more GalA (70.5%) of a high degree of methylation (66.3%). 26917391 4 7 theme obtained 376:383 arg1 polymer 385:391 The obtained polymer 372:391 The obtained polymer 372:391 The obtained polymer was characterised by a very high molecular mass, high level of neutral sugars - mainly arabinose, galactose and glucose, and very high DM (73.4). 26917391 6 8 theme degree 726:731 arg1 GalA 703:706 significantly more GalA 684:706 significantly more GalA (70.5%) of a high degree of methylation (66.3%) 684:754 Pectin extracted with endo-cellulase had 1.5 fold lower molecular mass but contained significantly more GalA (70.5%) of a high degree of methylation (66.3%). 26917391 6 8 theme degree 726:731 arg1 % 713:713 70.5% 709:713 70.5% 709:713 Pectin extracted with endo-cellulase had 1.5 fold lower molecular mass but contained significantly more GalA (70.5%) of a high degree of methylation (66.3%). 26917391 6 9 theme molecular 655:663 arg1 mass 665:668 1.5 fold lower molecular mass 640:668 1.5 fold lower molecular mass 640:668 Pectin extracted with endo-cellulase had 1.5 fold lower molecular mass but contained significantly more GalA (70.5%) of a high degree of methylation (66.3%). 26917391 8 10 theme rhamnose 1009:1016 arg1 contents 1018:1025 rhamnose contents 1009:1025 rhamnose contents 1009:1025 However, this pectin was distinguished by the highest GalA (74.7%) and rhamnose contents. 26917391 7 11 theme simultaneous 761:772 arg1 application 774:784 The simultaneous application 757:784 The simultaneous application of both enzymatic preparations 757:815 The simultaneous application of both enzymatic preparations resulted in their cooperation, leading to a decrease of both the extraction efficiency and the molecular mass of pectin. 26917391 5 12 theme highest 561:567 arg1 level 569:573 the highest level 557:573 the highest level of protein and phenols 557:596 It also contained the highest level of protein and phenols. 26917391 6 13 theme high 721:724 arg1 degree 726:731 a high degree 719:731 a high degree of methylation (66.3%) 719:754 Pectin extracted with endo-cellulase had 1.5 fold lower molecular mass but contained significantly more GalA (70.5%) of a high degree of methylation (66.3%). 26917391 2 14 theme constant 262:269 arg1 shaking 271:277 constant shaking 262:277 constant shaking 262:277 The process was conducted for 10 h in conditions of pH 5.0 at 40 °C, with constant shaking. 26917391 6 15 theme lower 649:653 arg1 mass 665:668 1.5 fold lower molecular mass 640:668 1.5 fold lower molecular mass 640:668 Pectin extracted with endo-cellulase had 1.5 fold lower molecular mass but contained significantly more GalA (70.5%) of a high degree of methylation (66.3%). 26917391 3 16 theme pectins 355:361 arg1 efficiency 341:350 the highest extraction efficiency 318:350 the highest extraction efficiency of pectins (19.8%) 318:369 Endo-xylanase application resulted in the highest extraction efficiency of pectins (19.8%). 26917391 4 17 theme sugars 464:469 arg1 mass 436:439 a very high molecular mass 414:439 a very high molecular mass 414:439 The obtained polymer was characterised by a very high molecular mass, high level of neutral sugars - mainly arabinose, galactose and glucose, and very high DM (73.4). 26917391 4 17 theme sugars 464:469 arg1 level 447:451 high level 442:451 high level of neutral sugars - mainly arabinose, galactose and glucose 442:511 The obtained polymer was characterised by a very high molecular mass, high level of neutral sugars - mainly arabinose, galactose and glucose, and very high DM (73.4). 26917391 4 17 theme sugars 464:469 arg1 73.4 532:535 73.4 532:535 73.4 532:535 The obtained polymer was characterised by a very high molecular mass, high level of neutral sugars - mainly arabinose, galactose and glucose, and very high DM (73.4). 26917391 4 17 theme sugars 464:469 arg1 DM 528:529 very high DM 518:529 very high DM (73.4) 518:536 The obtained polymer was characterised by a very high molecular mass, high level of neutral sugars - mainly arabinose, galactose and glucose, and very high DM (73.4). 26917391 0 18 theme Endo-xylanase 0:12 arg1 extraction 42:51 Endo-xylanase and endo-cellulase-assisted extraction 0:51 Endo-xylanase and endo-cellulase-assisted extraction of pectin from apple pomace. 0:80 Endo-xylanase and endo-cellulase-assisted extraction of pectin from apple pomace. 26917391 5 19 contain contained 547:555 arg2 level 569:573 the highest level 557:573 the highest level of protein and phenols 557:596 It also contained the highest level of protein and phenols. 26917391 5 19 contain contained 547:555 arg1 It 539:540 It 539:540 It 539:540 It also contained the highest level of protein and phenols. 26917391 4 20 theme neutral 456:462 arg1 sugars 464:469 neutral sugars 456:469 neutral sugars 456:469 The obtained polymer was characterised by a very high molecular mass, high level of neutral sugars - mainly arabinose, galactose and glucose, and very high DM (73.4). 26917391 1 21 with pomace 116:121 arg1 preparation 139:149 monoactive preparation 128:149 monoactive preparation of endo-xylanase and endo-cellulase 128:185 Pectins were extracted from apple pomace with monoactive preparation of endo-xylanase and endo-cellulase. 26917391 5 22 theme protein 578:584 arg1 level 569:573 the highest level 557:573 the highest level of protein and phenols 557:596 It also contained the highest level of protein and phenols. 26917391 8 23 theme highest 984:990 arg1 GalA 992:995 the highest GalA 980:995 the highest GalA (74.7%) 980:1003 However, this pectin was distinguished by the highest GalA (74.7%) and rhamnose contents. 26917391 8 23 theme highest 984:990 arg1 % 1002:1002 74.7% 998:1002 74.7% 998:1002 However, this pectin was distinguished by the highest GalA (74.7%) and rhamnose contents. 26917391 1 24 theme apple 110:114 arg1 pomace 116:121 apple pomace 110:121 apple pomace with monoactive preparation of endo-xylanase and endo-cellulase 110:185 Pectins were extracted from apple pomace with monoactive preparation of endo-xylanase and endo-cellulase. 26917391 0 25 theme endo-cellulase-assisted 18:40 arg1 extraction 42:51 Endo-xylanase and endo-cellulase-assisted extraction 0:51 Endo-xylanase and endo-cellulase-assisted extraction of pectin from apple pomace. 0:80 Endo-xylanase and endo-cellulase-assisted extraction of pectin from apple pomace. 26917391 6 26 contain had 636:638 arg2 mass 665:668 1.5 fold lower molecular mass 640:668 1.5 fold lower molecular mass 640:668 Pectin extracted with endo-cellulase had 1.5 fold lower molecular mass but contained significantly more GalA (70.5%) of a high degree of methylation (66.3%). 26917391 6 26 contain had 636:638 arg1 Pectin 599:604 Pectin 599:604 Pectin extracted with endo-cellulase 599:634 Pectin extracted with endo-cellulase had 1.5 fold lower molecular mass but contained significantly more GalA (70.5%) of a high degree of methylation (66.3%). 26917391 0 27 theme pectin 56:61 arg1 extraction 42:51 Endo-xylanase and endo-cellulase-assisted extraction 0:51 Endo-xylanase and endo-cellulase-assisted extraction of pectin from apple pomace. 0:80 Endo-xylanase and endo-cellulase-assisted extraction of pectin from apple pomace. 26917391 4 28 theme high 523:526 arg1 73.4 532:535 73.4 532:535 73.4 532:535 The obtained polymer was characterised by a very high molecular mass, high level of neutral sugars - mainly arabinose, galactose and glucose, and very high DM (73.4). 26917391 4 28 theme high 523:526 arg1 DM 528:529 very high DM 518:529 very high DM (73.4) 518:536 The obtained polymer was characterised by a very high molecular mass, high level of neutral sugars - mainly arabinose, galactose and glucose, and very high DM (73.4). 26917391 4 29 theme molecular 426:434 arg1 mass 436:439 a very high molecular mass 414:439 a very high molecular mass 414:439 The obtained polymer was characterised by a very high molecular mass, high level of neutral sugars - mainly arabinose, galactose and glucose, and very high DM (73.4). 26917391 2 30 from °C 253:254 arg1 conditions 226:235 conditions 226:235 conditions of pH 5.0 at 40 °C 226:254 The process was conducted for 10 h in conditions of pH 5.0 at 40 °C, with constant shaking. 26917391 4 31 theme high 442:445 arg1 level 447:451 high level 442:451 high level of neutral sugars - mainly arabinose, galactose and glucose 442:511 The obtained polymer was characterised by a very high molecular mass, high level of neutral sugars - mainly arabinose, galactose and glucose, and very high DM (73.4). 26917391 2 32 theme pH 240:241 arg1 conditions 226:235 conditions 226:235 conditions of pH 5.0 at 40 °C 226:254 The process was conducted for 10 h in conditions of pH 5.0 at 40 °C, with constant shaking. 26917391 0 33 theme apple 68:72 arg1 pomace 74:79 apple pomace 68:79 apple pomace 68:79 Endo-xylanase and endo-cellulase-assisted extraction of pectin from apple pomace. 26917391 0 34 from pomace 74:79 arg1 extraction 42:51 Endo-xylanase and endo-cellulase-assisted extraction 0:51 Endo-xylanase and endo-cellulase-assisted extraction of pectin from apple pomace. 0:80 Endo-xylanase and endo-cellulase-assisted extraction of pectin from apple pomace. 26917391 7 35 theme pectin 930:935 arg1 mass 922:925 the molecular mass 908:925 the molecular mass of pectin 908:935 The simultaneous application of both enzymatic preparations resulted in their cooperation, leading to a decrease of both the extraction efficiency and the molecular mass of pectin. 26917391 7 35 theme pectin 930:935 arg1 efficiency 893:902 the extraction efficiency 878:902 the extraction efficiency 878:902 The simultaneous application of both enzymatic preparations resulted in their cooperation, leading to a decrease of both the extraction efficiency and the molecular mass of pectin. 26917391 7 36 theme molecular 912:920 arg1 mass 922:925 the molecular mass 908:925 the molecular mass of pectin 908:935 The simultaneous application of both enzymatic preparations resulted in their cooperation, leading to a decrease of both the extraction efficiency and the molecular mass of pectin. 26917391 1 37 theme monoactive 128:137 arg1 preparation 139:149 monoactive preparation 128:149 monoactive preparation of endo-xylanase and endo-cellulase 128:185 Pectins were extracted from apple pomace with monoactive preparation of endo-xylanase and endo-cellulase. 26917391 3 38 theme Endo-xylanase 280:292 arg1 application 294:304 Endo-xylanase application 280:304 Endo-xylanase application 280:304 Endo-xylanase application resulted in the highest extraction efficiency of pectins (19.8%). 26917391 6 39 theme more 698:701 arg1 GalA 703:706 significantly more GalA 684:706 significantly more GalA (70.5%) of a high degree of methylation (66.3%) 684:754 Pectin extracted with endo-cellulase had 1.5 fold lower molecular mass but contained significantly more GalA (70.5%) of a high degree of methylation (66.3%). 26917391 6 39 theme more 698:701 arg1 % 713:713 70.5% 709:713 70.5% 709:713 Pectin extracted with endo-cellulase had 1.5 fold lower molecular mass but contained significantly more GalA (70.5%) of a high degree of methylation (66.3%). 26917391 7 40 theme mass 922:925 arg1 decrease 861:868 a decrease 859:868 a decrease of both the extraction efficiency and the molecular mass of pectin 859:935 The simultaneous application of both enzymatic preparations resulted in their cooperation, leading to a decrease of both the extraction efficiency and the molecular mass of pectin. 26917391 4 41 theme high 421:424 arg1 mass 436:439 a very high molecular mass 414:439 a very high molecular mass 414:439 The obtained polymer was characterised by a very high molecular mass, high level of neutral sugars - mainly arabinose, galactose and glucose, and very high DM (73.4). 26917391 3 42 theme extraction 330:339 arg1 efficiency 341:350 the highest extraction efficiency 318:350 the highest extraction efficiency of pectins (19.8%) 318:369 Endo-xylanase application resulted in the highest extraction efficiency of pectins (19.8%). 26917391 1 43 theme endo-xylanase 154:166 arg1 preparation 139:149 monoactive preparation 128:149 monoactive preparation of endo-xylanase and endo-cellulase 128:185 Pectins were extracted from apple pomace with monoactive preparation of endo-xylanase and endo-cellulase. 26917391 6 44 contain contained 674:682 arg2 % 713:713 70.5% 709:713 70.5% 709:713 Pectin extracted with endo-cellulase had 1.5 fold lower molecular mass but contained significantly more GalA (70.5%) of a high degree of methylation (66.3%). 26917391 6 44 contain contained 674:682 arg2 GalA 703:706 significantly more GalA 684:706 significantly more GalA (70.5%) of a high degree of methylation (66.3%) 684:754 Pectin extracted with endo-cellulase had 1.5 fold lower molecular mass but contained significantly more GalA (70.5%) of a high degree of methylation (66.3%). 26917391 6 44 contain contained 674:682 arg1 Pectin 599:604 Pectin 599:604 Pectin extracted with endo-cellulase 599:634 Pectin extracted with endo-cellulase had 1.5 fold lower molecular mass but contained significantly more GalA (70.5%) of a high degree of methylation (66.3%). 26917391 7 45 theme extraction 882:891 arg1 efficiency 893:902 the extraction efficiency 878:902 the extraction efficiency 878:902 The simultaneous application of both enzymatic preparations resulted in their cooperation, leading to a decrease of both the extraction efficiency and the molecular mass of pectin. 26917391 7 46 theme enzymatic 794:802 arg1 preparations 804:815 both enzymatic preparations 789:815 both enzymatic preparations 789:815 The simultaneous application of both enzymatic preparations resulted in their cooperation, leading to a decrease of both the extraction efficiency and the molecular mass of pectin. 28479393 7 0 used used 1019:1022 arg2 models 1002:1007 Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models 969:1007 Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models 969:1007 Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models have been used to explain the dye adsorption capabilities. 28479393 8 1 theme chitosan 1072:1079 arg1 nanocomposites 1089:1102 The chitosan and CMC nanocomposites 1068:1102 The chitosan and CMC nanocomposites 1068:1102 The chitosan and CMC nanocomposites follow both the models with R2 value more than 0.97. 28479393 3 2 from adsorption 509:518 arg1 neutral 577:583 neutral 577:583 neutral 577:583 Effect of nanoclay on water adsorption and swelling behaviour of both the composites in acidic, neutral and alkaline medium has been studied. 28479393 3 2 from adsorption 509:518 arg1 medium 598:603 alkaline medium 589:603 alkaline medium 589:603 Effect of nanoclay on water adsorption and swelling behaviour of both the composites in acidic, neutral and alkaline medium has been studied. 28479393 3 2 from adsorption 509:518 arg1 acidic 569:574 acidic 569:574 acidic 569:574 Effect of nanoclay on water adsorption and swelling behaviour of both the composites in acidic, neutral and alkaline medium has been studied. 28479393 3 3 from medium 598:603 arg1 adsorption 509:518 water adsorption 503:518 water adsorption 503:518 Effect of nanoclay on water adsorption and swelling behaviour of both the composites in acidic, neutral and alkaline medium has been studied. 28479393 3 3 from medium 598:603 arg1 behaviour 533:541 swelling behaviour 524:541 swelling behaviour 524:541 Effect of nanoclay on water adsorption and swelling behaviour of both the composites in acidic, neutral and alkaline medium has been studied. 28479393 4 4 theme swelling 647:654 arg1 rate 656:659 swelling rate 647:659 swelling rate 647:659 Results showed enhanced swelling rate and water adsorption of both composites after adding 5% of silane treated nanoclay. 28479393 3 5 from Effect 481:486 arg1 adsorption 509:518 water adsorption 503:518 water adsorption 503:518 Effect of nanoclay on water adsorption and swelling behaviour of both the composites in acidic, neutral and alkaline medium has been studied. 28479393 3 5 from Effect 481:486 arg1 behaviour 533:541 swelling behaviour 524:541 swelling behaviour 524:541 Effect of nanoclay on water adsorption and swelling behaviour of both the composites in acidic, neutral and alkaline medium has been studied. 28479393 11 6 theme Chitosan 1303:1310 arg1 nanocomposites 1312:1325 Chitosan nanocomposites 1303:1325 Chitosan nanocomposites 1303:1325 Chitosan nanocomposites showed better performance in dye removal as compared to CMC nanocomposites. 28479393 3 7 from acidic 569:574 arg1 adsorption 509:518 water adsorption 503:518 water adsorption 503:518 Effect of nanoclay on water adsorption and swelling behaviour of both the composites in acidic, neutral and alkaline medium has been studied. 28479393 3 7 from acidic 569:574 arg1 behaviour 533:541 swelling behaviour 524:541 swelling behaviour 524:541 Effect of nanoclay on water adsorption and swelling behaviour of both the composites in acidic, neutral and alkaline medium has been studied. 28479393 1 8 theme Chitosan/carboxy 169:184 arg1 CMC 203:205 CMC 203:205 CMC 203:205 Chitosan/carboxy methyl chitosan (CMC) grafted sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide/nanoclay superabsorbent nanocomposites have been synthesized in this study by following conventional and microwave assisted grafting methods. 28479393 1 8 theme Chitosan/carboxy 169:184 arg1 chitosan 193:200 Chitosan/carboxy methyl chitosan 169:200 Chitosan/carboxy methyl chitosan (CMC) grafted sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide/nanoclay superabsorbent nanocomposites 169:283 Chitosan/carboxy methyl chitosan (CMC) grafted sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide/nanoclay superabsorbent nanocomposites have been synthesized in this study by following conventional and microwave assisted grafting methods. 28479393 10 9 theme pH 1236:1237 arg1 Effect 1226:1231 Effect 1226:1231 Effect of pH on dye adsorption 1226:1255 Effect of pH on dye adsorption has also been studied in both the composites. 28479393 4 10 theme enhanced 638:645 arg1 rate 656:659 swelling rate 647:659 swelling rate 647:659 Results showed enhanced swelling rate and water adsorption of both composites after adding 5% of silane treated nanoclay. 28479393 5 11 theme composites 781:790 arg1 capacity 760:767 Dye adsorption capacity 745:767 Dye adsorption capacity of both the composites 745:790 Dye adsorption capacity of both the composites has been investigated for crystal violet, napthol green and sunset yellow dyes. 28479393 8 12 theme CMC 1085:1087 arg1 nanocomposites 1089:1102 The chitosan and CMC nanocomposites 1068:1102 The chitosan and CMC nanocomposites 1068:1102 The chitosan and CMC nanocomposites follow both the models with R2 value more than 0.97. 28479393 7 13 theme isotherm 993:1000 arg1 models 1002:1007 Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models 969:1007 Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models 969:1007 Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models have been used to explain the dye adsorption capabilities. 28479393 0 14 theme modified 103:110 arg1 nanoclay 112:119 modified nanoclay 103:119 modified nanoclay 103:119 Synthesis and swelling characteristics of chitosan and CMC grafted sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide using modified nanoclay and examining its efficacy for removal of dyes. 28479393 3 15 from neutral 577:583 arg1 adsorption 509:518 water adsorption 503:518 water adsorption 503:518 Effect of nanoclay on water adsorption and swelling behaviour of both the composites in acidic, neutral and alkaline medium has been studied. 28479393 3 15 from neutral 577:583 arg1 behaviour 533:541 swelling behaviour 524:541 swelling behaviour 524:541 Effect of nanoclay on water adsorption and swelling behaviour of both the composites in acidic, neutral and alkaline medium has been studied. 28479393 3 16 theme composites 555:564 arg1 adsorption 509:518 water adsorption 503:518 water adsorption 503:518 Effect of nanoclay on water adsorption and swelling behaviour of both the composites in acidic, neutral and alkaline medium has been studied. 28479393 3 16 theme composites 555:564 arg1 behaviour 533:541 swelling behaviour 524:541 swelling behaviour 524:541 Effect of nanoclay on water adsorption and swelling behaviour of both the composites in acidic, neutral and alkaline medium has been studied. 28479393 11 17 theme better 1334:1339 arg1 performance 1341:1351 better performance 1334:1351 better performance in dye removal 1334:1366 Chitosan nanocomposites showed better performance in dye removal as compared to CMC nanocomposites. 28479393 4 18 theme composites 690:699 arg1 rate 656:659 swelling rate 647:659 swelling rate 647:659 Results showed enhanced swelling rate and water adsorption of both composites after adding 5% of silane treated nanoclay. 28479393 4 18 theme composites 690:699 arg1 adsorption 671:680 water adsorption 665:680 water adsorption 665:680 Results showed enhanced swelling rate and water adsorption of both composites after adding 5% of silane treated nanoclay. 28479393 3 19 theme alkaline 589:596 arg1 medium 598:603 alkaline medium 589:603 alkaline medium 589:603 Effect of nanoclay on water adsorption and swelling behaviour of both the composites in acidic, neutral and alkaline medium has been studied. 28479393 4 20 theme treated 727:733 arg1 nanoclay 735:742 silane treated nanoclay 720:742 silane treated nanoclay 720:742 Results showed enhanced swelling rate and water adsorption of both composites after adding 5% of silane treated nanoclay. 28479393 1 21 theme methyl 186:191 arg1 CMC 203:205 CMC 203:205 CMC 203:205 Chitosan/carboxy methyl chitosan (CMC) grafted sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide/nanoclay superabsorbent nanocomposites have been synthesized in this study by following conventional and microwave assisted grafting methods. 28479393 1 21 theme methyl 186:191 arg1 chitosan 193:200 Chitosan/carboxy methyl chitosan 169:200 Chitosan/carboxy methyl chitosan (CMC) grafted sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide/nanoclay superabsorbent nanocomposites 169:283 Chitosan/carboxy methyl chitosan (CMC) grafted sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide/nanoclay superabsorbent nanocomposites have been synthesized in this study by following conventional and microwave assisted grafting methods. 28479393 8 22 dep models 1120:1125 arg1 both 1111:1114 both 1111:1114 both 1111:1114 The chitosan and CMC nanocomposites follow both the models with R2 value more than 0.97. 28479393 5 23 theme napthol 834:840 arg1 green 842:846 napthol green 834:846 napthol green 834:846 Dye adsorption capacity of both the composites has been investigated for crystal violet, napthol green and sunset yellow dyes. 28479393 1 24 theme chitosan 193:200 arg1 nanocomposites 270:283 Chitosan/carboxy methyl chitosan (CMC) grafted sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide/nanoclay superabsorbent nanocomposites 169:283 Chitosan/carboxy methyl chitosan (CMC) grafted sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide/nanoclay superabsorbent nanocomposites 169:283 Chitosan/carboxy methyl chitosan (CMC) grafted sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide/nanoclay superabsorbent nanocomposites have been synthesized in this study by following conventional and microwave assisted grafting methods. 28479393 5 25 theme yellow 859:864 arg1 dyes 866:869 sunset yellow dyes 852:869 sunset yellow dyes 852:869 Dye adsorption capacity of both the composites has been investigated for crystal violet, napthol green and sunset yellow dyes. 28479393 7 26 theme Freundlich 982:991 arg1 models 1002:1007 Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models 969:1007 Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models 969:1007 Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models have been used to explain the dye adsorption capabilities. 28479393 6 27 theme dye 930:932 arg1 adsorption 934:943 the dye adsorption 926:943 the dye adsorption 926:943 It was observed that addition of 5% nanoclay enhanced the dye adsorption in both the composites. 28479393 3 28 theme nanoclay 491:498 arg1 Effect 481:486 Effect 481:486 Effect of nanoclay on water adsorption and swelling behaviour of both the composites in acidic, neutral and alkaline medium 481:603 Effect of nanoclay on water adsorption and swelling behaviour of both the composites in acidic, neutral and alkaline medium has been studied. 28479393 0 29 theme Synthesis 0:8 arg1 characteristics 23:37 Synthesis and swelling characteristics 0:37 Synthesis and swelling characteristics of chitosan and CMC 0:57 Synthesis and swelling characteristics of chitosan and CMC grafted sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide using modified nanoclay and examining its efficacy for removal of dyes. 28479393 3 30 from composites 555:564 arg1 neutral 577:583 neutral 577:583 neutral 577:583 Effect of nanoclay on water adsorption and swelling behaviour of both the composites in acidic, neutral and alkaline medium has been studied. 28479393 3 30 from composites 555:564 arg1 medium 598:603 alkaline medium 589:603 alkaline medium 589:603 Effect of nanoclay on water adsorption and swelling behaviour of both the composites in acidic, neutral and alkaline medium has been studied. 28479393 3 30 from composites 555:564 arg1 acidic 569:574 acidic 569:574 acidic 569:574 Effect of nanoclay on water adsorption and swelling behaviour of both the composites in acidic, neutral and alkaline medium has been studied. 28479393 4 31 theme silane 720:725 arg1 nanoclay 735:742 silane treated nanoclay 720:742 silane treated nanoclay 720:742 Results showed enhanced swelling rate and water adsorption of both composites after adding 5% of silane treated nanoclay. 28479393 7 32 theme Langmuir 969:976 arg1 models 1002:1007 Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models 969:1007 Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models 969:1007 Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models have been used to explain the dye adsorption capabilities. 28479393 9 33 theme % 1214:1214 arg1 nanoclay 1216:1223 5% nanoclay 1213:1223 5% nanoclay 1213:1223 Both the composites showed enhanced dye adsorption with 5% nanoclay. 28479393 9 34 theme 5 1213:1213 arg1 % 1214:1214 % 1214:1214 % 1214:1214 Both the composites showed enhanced dye adsorption with 5% nanoclay. 28479393 0 35 theme swelling 14:21 arg1 characteristics 23:37 Synthesis and swelling characteristics 0:37 Synthesis and swelling characteristics of chitosan and CMC 0:57 Synthesis and swelling characteristics of chitosan and CMC grafted sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide using modified nanoclay and examining its efficacy for removal of dyes. 28479393 1 36 theme conventional 334:345 arg1 methods 379:385 conventional and microwave assisted grafting methods 334:385 methods 379:385 Chitosan/carboxy methyl chitosan (CMC) grafted sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide/nanoclay superabsorbent nanocomposites have been synthesized in this study by following conventional and microwave assisted grafting methods. 28479393 7 37 theme dye 1039:1041 arg1 capabilities 1054:1065 the dye adsorption capabilities 1035:1065 the dye adsorption capabilities 1035:1065 Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models have been used to explain the dye adsorption capabilities. 28479393 0 38 dep grafted 59:65 arg1 using 97:101 using 97:101 using modified nanoclay 97:119 Synthesis and swelling characteristics of chitosan and CMC grafted sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide using modified nanoclay and examining its efficacy for removal of dyes. 28479393 0 38 dep grafted 59:65 arg1 examining 125:133 examining 125:133 examining its efficacy for removal of dyes 125:166 Synthesis and swelling characteristics of chitosan and CMC grafted sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide using modified nanoclay and examining its efficacy for removal of dyes. 28479393 1 39 theme grafted 208:214 arg1 nanocomposites 270:283 Chitosan/carboxy methyl chitosan (CMC) grafted sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide/nanoclay superabsorbent nanocomposites 169:283 Chitosan/carboxy methyl chitosan (CMC) grafted sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide/nanoclay superabsorbent nanocomposites 169:283 Chitosan/carboxy methyl chitosan (CMC) grafted sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide/nanoclay superabsorbent nanocomposites have been synthesized in this study by following conventional and microwave assisted grafting methods. 28479393 0 40 theme chitosan 42:49 arg1 characteristics 23:37 Synthesis and swelling characteristics 0:37 Synthesis and swelling characteristics of chitosan and CMC 0:57 Synthesis and swelling characteristics of chitosan and CMC grafted sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide using modified nanoclay and examining its efficacy for removal of dyes. 28479393 11 41 from performance 1341:1351 arg1 removal 1360:1366 dye removal 1356:1366 dye removal 1356:1366 Chitosan nanocomposites showed better performance in dye removal as compared to CMC nanocomposites. 28479393 6 42 theme % 906:906 arg1 addition 893:900 addition 893:900 addition of 5% 893:906 It was observed that addition of 5% nanoclay enhanced the dye adsorption in both the composites. 28479393 10 43 theme dye 1242:1244 arg1 adsorption 1246:1255 dye adsorption 1242:1255 dye adsorption 1242:1255 Effect of pH on dye adsorption has also been studied in both the composites. 28479393 1 44 theme sodium 216:221 arg1 nanocomposites 270:283 Chitosan/carboxy methyl chitosan (CMC) grafted sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide/nanoclay superabsorbent nanocomposites 169:283 Chitosan/carboxy methyl chitosan (CMC) grafted sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide/nanoclay superabsorbent nanocomposites 169:283 Chitosan/carboxy methyl chitosan (CMC) grafted sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide/nanoclay superabsorbent nanocomposites have been synthesized in this study by following conventional and microwave assisted grafting methods. 28479393 2 45 theme reaction 466:473 arg1 rate 475:478 enhanced reaction rate 457:478 enhanced reaction rate 457:478 Microwave assisted grafting method showed higher grafting yield with enhanced reaction rate. 28479393 1 46 theme microwave 351:359 arg1 methods 379:385 conventional and microwave assisted grafting methods 334:385 methods 379:385 Chitosan/carboxy methyl chitosan (CMC) grafted sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide/nanoclay superabsorbent nanocomposites have been synthesized in this study by following conventional and microwave assisted grafting methods. 28479393 8 47 theme R2 1132:1133 arg1 value 1135:1139 R2 value 1132:1139 R2 value more than 0.97 1132:1154 The chitosan and CMC nanocomposites follow both the models with R2 value more than 0.97. 28479393 1 48 theme acrylate-co-acrylamide/nanoclay 223:253 arg1 nanocomposites 270:283 Chitosan/carboxy methyl chitosan (CMC) grafted sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide/nanoclay superabsorbent nanocomposites 169:283 Chitosan/carboxy methyl chitosan (CMC) grafted sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide/nanoclay superabsorbent nanocomposites 169:283 Chitosan/carboxy methyl chitosan (CMC) grafted sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide/nanoclay superabsorbent nanocomposites have been synthesized in this study by following conventional and microwave assisted grafting methods. 28479393 0 49 theme CMC 55:57 arg1 characteristics 23:37 Synthesis and swelling characteristics 0:37 Synthesis and swelling characteristics of chitosan and CMC 0:57 Synthesis and swelling characteristics of chitosan and CMC grafted sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide using modified nanoclay and examining its efficacy for removal of dyes. 28479393 1 50 theme assisted 361:368 arg1 methods 379:385 conventional and microwave assisted grafting methods 334:385 methods 379:385 Chitosan/carboxy methyl chitosan (CMC) grafted sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide/nanoclay superabsorbent nanocomposites have been synthesized in this study by following conventional and microwave assisted grafting methods. 28479393 0 51 theme dyes 163:166 arg1 removal 152:158 removal 152:158 removal of dyes 152:166 Synthesis and swelling characteristics of chitosan and CMC grafted sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide using modified nanoclay and examining its efficacy for removal of dyes. 28479393 3 52 theme water 503:507 arg1 adsorption 509:518 water adsorption 503:518 water adsorption 503:518 Effect of nanoclay on water adsorption and swelling behaviour of both the composites in acidic, neutral and alkaline medium has been studied. 28479393 2 53 theme grafting 407:414 arg1 method 416:421 Microwave assisted grafting method 388:421 Microwave assisted grafting method 388:421 Microwave assisted grafting method showed higher grafting yield with enhanced reaction rate. 28479393 5 54 theme sunset 852:857 arg1 dyes 866:869 sunset yellow dyes 852:869 sunset yellow dyes 852:869 Dye adsorption capacity of both the composites has been investigated for crystal violet, napthol green and sunset yellow dyes. 28479393 1 55 theme grafting 370:377 arg1 methods 379:385 conventional and microwave assisted grafting methods 334:385 methods 379:385 Chitosan/carboxy methyl chitosan (CMC) grafted sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide/nanoclay superabsorbent nanocomposites have been synthesized in this study by following conventional and microwave assisted grafting methods. 28479393 10 56 from Effect 1226:1231 arg1 adsorption 1246:1255 dye adsorption 1242:1255 dye adsorption 1242:1255 Effect of pH on dye adsorption has also been studied in both the composites. 28479393 3 57 from behaviour 533:541 arg1 neutral 577:583 neutral 577:583 neutral 577:583 Effect of nanoclay on water adsorption and swelling behaviour of both the composites in acidic, neutral and alkaline medium has been studied. 28479393 3 57 from behaviour 533:541 arg1 medium 598:603 alkaline medium 589:603 alkaline medium 589:603 Effect of nanoclay on water adsorption and swelling behaviour of both the composites in acidic, neutral and alkaline medium has been studied. 28479393 3 57 from behaviour 533:541 arg1 acidic 569:574 acidic 569:574 acidic 569:574 Effect of nanoclay on water adsorption and swelling behaviour of both the composites in acidic, neutral and alkaline medium has been studied. 28479393 2 58 theme assisted 398:405 arg1 method 416:421 Microwave assisted grafting method 388:421 Microwave assisted grafting method 388:421 Microwave assisted grafting method showed higher grafting yield with enhanced reaction rate. 28479393 5 59 theme Dye 745:747 arg1 capacity 760:767 Dye adsorption capacity 745:767 Dye adsorption capacity of both the composites 745:790 Dye adsorption capacity of both the composites has been investigated for crystal violet, napthol green and sunset yellow dyes. 28479393 7 60 theme adsorption 1043:1052 arg1 capabilities 1054:1065 the dye adsorption capabilities 1035:1065 the dye adsorption capabilities 1035:1065 Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models have been used to explain the dye adsorption capabilities. 28479393 2 61 theme Microwave 388:396 arg1 method 416:421 Microwave assisted grafting method 388:421 Microwave assisted grafting method 388:421 Microwave assisted grafting method showed higher grafting yield with enhanced reaction rate. 28479393 11 62 theme CMC 1383:1385 arg1 nanocomposites 1387:1400 CMC nanocomposites 1383:1400 CMC nanocomposites 1383:1400 Chitosan nanocomposites showed better performance in dye removal as compared to CMC nanocomposites. 28479393 1 63 theme superabsorbent 255:268 arg1 nanocomposites 270:283 Chitosan/carboxy methyl chitosan (CMC) grafted sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide/nanoclay superabsorbent nanocomposites 169:283 Chitosan/carboxy methyl chitosan (CMC) grafted sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide/nanoclay superabsorbent nanocomposites 169:283 Chitosan/carboxy methyl chitosan (CMC) grafted sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide/nanoclay superabsorbent nanocomposites have been synthesized in this study by following conventional and microwave assisted grafting methods. 28479393 5 64 theme adsorption 749:758 arg1 capacity 760:767 Dye adsorption capacity 745:767 Dye adsorption capacity of both the composites 745:790 Dye adsorption capacity of both the composites has been investigated for crystal violet, napthol green and sunset yellow dyes. 28479393 9 65 theme enhanced 1184:1191 arg1 adsorption 1197:1206 enhanced dye adsorption 1184:1206 enhanced dye adsorption 1184:1206 Both the composites showed enhanced dye adsorption with 5% nanoclay. 28479393 4 66 theme nanoclay 735:742 arg1 nanoclay 735:742 silane treated nanoclay 720:742 silane treated nanoclay 720:742 Results showed enhanced swelling rate and water adsorption of both composites after adding 5% of silane treated nanoclay. 28479393 4 66 theme nanoclay 735:742 arg1 % 715:715 5% 714:715 5% of silane treated nanoclay 714:742 Results showed enhanced swelling rate and water adsorption of both composites after adding 5% of silane treated nanoclay. 28479393 4 67 theme water 665:669 arg1 adsorption 671:680 water adsorption 665:680 water adsorption 665:680 Results showed enhanced swelling rate and water adsorption of both composites after adding 5% of silane treated nanoclay. 28479393 0 68 theme sodium 67:72 arg1 acrylate-co-acrylamide 74:95 sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide 67:95 sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide 67:95 Synthesis and swelling characteristics of chitosan and CMC grafted sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide using modified nanoclay and examining its efficacy for removal of dyes. 28479393 3 69 theme swelling 524:531 arg1 behaviour 533:541 swelling behaviour 524:541 swelling behaviour 524:541 Effect of nanoclay on water adsorption and swelling behaviour of both the composites in acidic, neutral and alkaline medium has been studied. 28479393 9 70 theme dye 1193:1195 arg1 adsorption 1197:1206 enhanced dye adsorption 1184:1206 enhanced dye adsorption 1184:1206 Both the composites showed enhanced dye adsorption with 5% nanoclay. 28479393 2 71 theme grafting 437:444 arg1 yield 446:450 higher grafting yield 430:450 higher grafting yield 430:450 Microwave assisted grafting method showed higher grafting yield with enhanced reaction rate. 28479393 2 72 theme enhanced 457:464 arg1 rate 475:478 enhanced reaction rate 457:478 enhanced reaction rate 457:478 Microwave assisted grafting method showed higher grafting yield with enhanced reaction rate. 28479393 5 73 theme crystal 818:824 arg1 violet 826:831 crystal violet 818:831 crystal violet 818:831 Dye adsorption capacity of both the composites has been investigated for crystal violet, napthol green and sunset yellow dyes. 28479393 11 74 theme dye 1356:1358 arg1 removal 1360:1366 dye removal 1356:1366 dye removal 1356:1366 Chitosan nanocomposites showed better performance in dye removal as compared to CMC nanocomposites. 28479393 2 75 theme higher 430:435 arg1 yield 446:450 higher grafting yield 430:450 higher grafting yield 430:450 Microwave assisted grafting method showed higher grafting yield with enhanced reaction rate. 25458288 4 0 theme gels 902:905 arg1 images 892:897 CLSM images 887:897 CLSM images of gels 887:905 Comparison of CLSM images of composite gels revealed that Na2CO3 at 0.2 wt% of starch allowed the formation of fiber-like extensions around scattered swollen granules by KGM and amylose interaction, making swollen granules disperse within the micro phase, which was not typical in CLSM images of gels in the absence of Na2CO3. 25458288 5 1 theme Na2CO3 1087:1092 arg1 presence 1075:1082 the presence 1071:1082 the presence of Na2CO3 1071:1092 Dynamic storage modulus and dynamic power law exponent were substantially higher than those observed for the same concentration of KGM in the presence of Na2CO3, supporting the hypothesis that Na2CO3 could promote strong interchain associations between KGM and starch components. 25458288 4 2 theme composite 635:643 arg1 gels 645:648 composite gels 635:648 composite gels 635:648 Comparison of CLSM images of composite gels revealed that Na2CO3 at 0.2 wt% of starch allowed the formation of fiber-like extensions around scattered swollen granules by KGM and amylose interaction, making swollen granules disperse within the micro phase, which was not typical in CLSM images of gels in the absence of Na2CO3. 25458288 2 3 theme wheat 289:293 arg1 starch 295:300 wheat starch 289:300 wheat starch in varying ratios of KGM and Na2CO3 289:336 The gelling properties of wheat starch in varying ratios of KGM and Na2CO3 were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rheometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). 25458288 5 4 theme same 1042:1045 arg1 concentration 1047:1059 the same concentration 1038:1059 the same concentration of KGM 1038:1066 Dynamic storage modulus and dynamic power law exponent were substantially higher than those observed for the same concentration of KGM in the presence of Na2CO3, supporting the hypothesis that Na2CO3 could promote strong interchain associations between KGM and starch components. 25458288 1 5 theme konjac 141:146 arg1 KGM 161:163 KGM 161:163 KGM 161:163 Wheat starch gels were produced with konjac glucomannan (KGM) and low concentrations of Na2CO3 (0.1-0.2 wt% of starch) using a rapid viscosity analyzer (RVA). 25458288 1 5 theme konjac 141:146 arg1 glucomannan 148:158 konjac glucomannan 141:158 konjac glucomannan (KGM) 141:164 Wheat starch gels were produced with konjac glucomannan (KGM) and low concentrations of Na2CO3 (0.1-0.2 wt% of starch) using a rapid viscosity analyzer (RVA). 25458288 4 6 from typical 876:882 arg1 absence 914:920 the absence 910:920 the absence of Na2CO3 910:930 Comparison of CLSM images of composite gels revealed that Na2CO3 at 0.2 wt% of starch allowed the formation of fiber-like extensions around scattered swollen granules by KGM and amylose interaction, making swollen granules disperse within the micro phase, which was not typical in CLSM images of gels in the absence of Na2CO3. 25458288 4 6 from typical 876:882 arg1 images 892:897 CLSM images 887:897 CLSM images of gels 887:905 Comparison of CLSM images of composite gels revealed that Na2CO3 at 0.2 wt% of starch allowed the formation of fiber-like extensions around scattered swollen granules by KGM and amylose interaction, making swollen granules disperse within the micro phase, which was not typical in CLSM images of gels in the absence of Na2CO3. 25458288 0 7 theme wheat 86:90 arg1 gel 99:101 wheat starch gel 86:101 wheat starch gel 86:101 Effect of a small amount of sodium carbonate on konjac glucomannan-induced changes in wheat starch gel. 25458288 0 8 from Effect 0:5 arg1 konjac 48:53 konjac 48:53 konjac 48:53 Effect of a small amount of sodium carbonate on konjac glucomannan-induced changes in wheat starch gel. 25458288 4 9 theme swollen 812:818 arg1 granules 820:827 swollen granules 812:827 swollen granules 812:827 Comparison of CLSM images of composite gels revealed that Na2CO3 at 0.2 wt% of starch allowed the formation of fiber-like extensions around scattered swollen granules by KGM and amylose interaction, making swollen granules disperse within the micro phase, which was not typical in CLSM images of gels in the absence of Na2CO3. 25458288 4 10 theme starch 685:690 arg1 starch 685:690 starch 685:690 starch 685:690 Comparison of CLSM images of composite gels revealed that Na2CO3 at 0.2 wt% of starch allowed the formation of fiber-like extensions around scattered swollen granules by KGM and amylose interaction, making swollen granules disperse within the micro phase, which was not typical in CLSM images of gels in the absence of Na2CO3. 25458288 4 10 theme starch 685:690 arg1 % 680:680 0.2 wt% 674:680 0.2 wt% of starch 674:690 Comparison of CLSM images of composite gels revealed that Na2CO3 at 0.2 wt% of starch allowed the formation of fiber-like extensions around scattered swollen granules by KGM and amylose interaction, making swollen granules disperse within the micro phase, which was not typical in CLSM images of gels in the absence of Na2CO3. 25458288 5 11 theme KGM 1186:1188 arg1 components 1201:1210 KGM and starch components 1186:1210 KGM and starch components 1186:1210 Dynamic storage modulus and dynamic power law exponent were substantially higher than those observed for the same concentration of KGM in the presence of Na2CO3, supporting the hypothesis that Na2CO3 could promote strong interchain associations between KGM and starch components. 25458288 1 12 theme starch 215:220 arg1 starch 215:220 starch 215:220 starch 215:220 Wheat starch gels were produced with konjac glucomannan (KGM) and low concentrations of Na2CO3 (0.1-0.2 wt% of starch) using a rapid viscosity analyzer (RVA). 25458288 1 12 theme starch 215:220 arg1 % 210:210 0.1-0.2 wt% 200:210 0.1-0.2 wt% of starch 200:220 Wheat starch gels were produced with konjac glucomannan (KGM) and low concentrations of Na2CO3 (0.1-0.2 wt% of starch) using a rapid viscosity analyzer (RVA). 25458288 3 13 with gels 495:498 arg1 elasticity 515:524 increased elasticity 505:524 increased elasticity 505:524 A small amount of Na2CO3 resulted in gels with increased elasticity whereas structural ordering during retrogradation was insignificantly affected. 25458288 5 14 theme strong 1147:1152 arg1 associations 1165:1176 strong interchain associations 1147:1176 strong interchain associations between KGM and starch components 1147:1210 Dynamic storage modulus and dynamic power law exponent were substantially higher than those observed for the same concentration of KGM in the presence of Na2CO3, supporting the hypothesis that Na2CO3 could promote strong interchain associations between KGM and starch components. 25458288 2 15 from properties 275:284 arg1 ratios 313:318 varying ratios 305:318 varying ratios of KGM and Na2CO3 305:336 The gelling properties of wheat starch in varying ratios of KGM and Na2CO3 were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rheometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). 25458288 3 16 theme small 460:464 arg1 Na2CO3 476:481 Na2CO3 476:481 Na2CO3 476:481 A small amount of Na2CO3 resulted in gels with increased elasticity whereas structural ordering during retrogradation was insignificantly affected. 25458288 3 16 theme small 460:464 arg1 amount 466:471 A small amount 458:471 A small amount of Na2CO3 458:481 A small amount of Na2CO3 resulted in gels with increased elasticity whereas structural ordering during retrogradation was insignificantly affected. 25458288 2 17 theme KGM 323:325 arg1 ratios 313:318 varying ratios 305:318 varying ratios of KGM and Na2CO3 305:336 The gelling properties of wheat starch in varying ratios of KGM and Na2CO3 were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rheometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). 25458288 0 18 theme starch 92:97 arg1 gel 99:101 wheat starch gel 86:101 wheat starch gel 86:101 Effect of a small amount of sodium carbonate on konjac glucomannan-induced changes in wheat starch gel. 25458288 4 19 from % 680:680 arg1 Na2CO3 664:669 Na2CO3 664:669 Na2CO3 at 0.2 wt% of starch 664:690 Comparison of CLSM images of composite gels revealed that Na2CO3 at 0.2 wt% of starch allowed the formation of fiber-like extensions around scattered swollen granules by KGM and amylose interaction, making swollen granules disperse within the micro phase, which was not typical in CLSM images of gels in the absence of Na2CO3. 25458288 4 20 theme Na2CO3 925:930 arg1 absence 914:920 the absence 910:920 the absence of Na2CO3 910:930 Comparison of CLSM images of composite gels revealed that Na2CO3 at 0.2 wt% of starch allowed the formation of fiber-like extensions around scattered swollen granules by KGM and amylose interaction, making swollen granules disperse within the micro phase, which was not typical in CLSM images of gels in the absence of Na2CO3. 25458288 4 21 theme amylose 784:790 arg1 interaction 792:802 amylose interaction 784:802 amylose interaction 784:802 Comparison of CLSM images of composite gels revealed that Na2CO3 at 0.2 wt% of starch allowed the formation of fiber-like extensions around scattered swollen granules by KGM and amylose interaction, making swollen granules disperse within the micro phase, which was not typical in CLSM images of gels in the absence of Na2CO3. 25458288 3 22 theme Na2CO3 476:481 arg1 Na2CO3 476:481 Na2CO3 476:481 Na2CO3 476:481 A small amount of Na2CO3 resulted in gels with increased elasticity whereas structural ordering during retrogradation was insignificantly affected. 25458288 3 22 theme Na2CO3 476:481 arg1 amount 466:471 A small amount 458:471 A small amount of Na2CO3 458:481 A small amount of Na2CO3 resulted in gels with increased elasticity whereas structural ordering during retrogradation was insignificantly affected. 25458288 2 23 theme scanning 373:380 arg1 DSC 395:397 DSC 395:397 DSC 395:397 The gelling properties of wheat starch in varying ratios of KGM and Na2CO3 were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rheometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). 25458288 2 23 theme scanning 373:380 arg1 calorimetry 382:392 differential scanning calorimetry 360:392 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 360:398 The gelling properties of wheat starch in varying ratios of KGM and Na2CO3 were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rheometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). 25458288 5 24 theme power 969:973 arg1 law 975:977 dynamic power law 961:977 dynamic power law 961:977 Dynamic storage modulus and dynamic power law exponent were substantially higher than those observed for the same concentration of KGM in the presence of Na2CO3, supporting the hypothesis that Na2CO3 could promote strong interchain associations between KGM and starch components. 25458288 5 25 dep modulus 949:955 arg1 exponent 979:986 exponent 979:986 exponent 979:986 Dynamic storage modulus and dynamic power law exponent were substantially higher than those observed for the same concentration of KGM in the presence of Na2CO3, supporting the hypothesis that Na2CO3 could promote strong interchain associations between KGM and starch components. 25458288 2 26 theme varying 305:311 arg1 ratios 313:318 varying ratios 305:318 varying ratios of KGM and Na2CO3 305:336 The gelling properties of wheat starch in varying ratios of KGM and Na2CO3 were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rheometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). 25458288 0 27 theme small 12:16 arg1 amount 18:23 a small amount 10:23 a small amount of sodium carbonate 10:43 Effect of a small amount of sodium carbonate on konjac glucomannan-induced changes in wheat starch gel. 25458288 0 27 theme small 12:16 arg1 carbonate 35:43 sodium carbonate 28:43 sodium carbonate 28:43 Effect of a small amount of sodium carbonate on konjac glucomannan-induced changes in wheat starch gel. 25458288 2 28 from starch 295:300 arg1 ratios 313:318 varying ratios 305:318 varying ratios of KGM and Na2CO3 305:336 The gelling properties of wheat starch in varying ratios of KGM and Na2CO3 were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rheometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). 25458288 1 29 theme rapid 231:235 arg1 RVA 257:259 RVA 257:259 RVA 257:259 Wheat starch gels were produced with konjac glucomannan (KGM) and low concentrations of Na2CO3 (0.1-0.2 wt% of starch) using a rapid viscosity analyzer (RVA). 25458288 1 29 theme rapid 231:235 arg1 analyzer 247:254 a rapid viscosity analyzer 229:254 a rapid viscosity analyzer (RVA) 229:260 Wheat starch gels were produced with konjac glucomannan (KGM) and low concentrations of Na2CO3 (0.1-0.2 wt% of starch) using a rapid viscosity analyzer (RVA). 25458288 4 30 theme micro 849:853 arg1 phase 855:859 the micro phase 845:859 the micro phase 845:859 Comparison of CLSM images of composite gels revealed that Na2CO3 at 0.2 wt% of starch allowed the formation of fiber-like extensions around scattered swollen granules by KGM and amylose interaction, making swollen granules disperse within the micro phase, which was not typical in CLSM images of gels in the absence of Na2CO3. 25458288 0 31 from changes 75:81 arg1 gel 99:101 wheat starch gel 86:101 wheat starch gel 86:101 Effect of a small amount of sodium carbonate on konjac glucomannan-induced changes in wheat starch gel. 25458288 4 32 theme wt 678:679 arg1 starch 685:690 starch 685:690 starch 685:690 Comparison of CLSM images of composite gels revealed that Na2CO3 at 0.2 wt% of starch allowed the formation of fiber-like extensions around scattered swollen granules by KGM and amylose interaction, making swollen granules disperse within the micro phase, which was not typical in CLSM images of gels in the absence of Na2CO3. 25458288 4 32 theme wt 678:679 arg1 % 680:680 0.2 wt% 674:680 0.2 wt% of starch 674:690 Comparison of CLSM images of composite gels revealed that Na2CO3 at 0.2 wt% of starch allowed the formation of fiber-like extensions around scattered swollen granules by KGM and amylose interaction, making swollen granules disperse within the micro phase, which was not typical in CLSM images of gels in the absence of Na2CO3. 25458288 1 33 theme low 170:172 arg1 concentrations 174:187 low concentrations 170:187 low concentrations of Na2CO3 (0.1-0.2 wt% of starch) 170:221 Wheat starch gels were produced with konjac glucomannan (KGM) and low concentrations of Na2CO3 (0.1-0.2 wt% of starch) using a rapid viscosity analyzer (RVA). 25458288 1 34 theme viscosity 237:245 arg1 RVA 257:259 RVA 257:259 RVA 257:259 Wheat starch gels were produced with konjac glucomannan (KGM) and low concentrations of Na2CO3 (0.1-0.2 wt% of starch) using a rapid viscosity analyzer (RVA). 25458288 1 34 theme viscosity 237:245 arg1 analyzer 247:254 a rapid viscosity analyzer 229:254 a rapid viscosity analyzer (RVA) 229:260 Wheat starch gels were produced with konjac glucomannan (KGM) and low concentrations of Na2CO3 (0.1-0.2 wt% of starch) using a rapid viscosity analyzer (RVA). 25458288 4 35 theme scattered 746:754 arg1 granules 764:771 scattered swollen granules 746:771 scattered swollen granules 746:771 Comparison of CLSM images of composite gels revealed that Na2CO3 at 0.2 wt% of starch allowed the formation of fiber-like extensions around scattered swollen granules by KGM and amylose interaction, making swollen granules disperse within the micro phase, which was not typical in CLSM images of gels in the absence of Na2CO3. 25458288 2 36 theme Na2CO3 331:336 arg1 ratios 313:318 varying ratios 305:318 varying ratios of KGM and Na2CO3 305:336 The gelling properties of wheat starch in varying ratios of KGM and Na2CO3 were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rheometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). 25458288 0 37 theme amount 18:23 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of a small amount of sodium carbonate on konjac 0:53 Effect of a small amount of sodium carbonate on konjac glucomannan-induced changes in wheat starch gel. 25458288 1 38 dep Na2CO3 192:197 arg1 starch 215:220 starch 215:220 starch 215:220 Wheat starch gels were produced with konjac glucomannan (KGM) and low concentrations of Na2CO3 (0.1-0.2 wt% of starch) using a rapid viscosity analyzer (RVA). 25458288 1 38 dep Na2CO3 192:197 arg1 % 210:210 0.1-0.2 wt% 200:210 0.1-0.2 wt% of starch 200:220 Wheat starch gels were produced with konjac glucomannan (KGM) and low concentrations of Na2CO3 (0.1-0.2 wt% of starch) using a rapid viscosity analyzer (RVA). 25458288 2 39 theme differential 360:371 arg1 DSC 395:397 DSC 395:397 DSC 395:397 The gelling properties of wheat starch in varying ratios of KGM and Na2CO3 were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rheometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). 25458288 2 39 theme differential 360:371 arg1 calorimetry 382:392 differential scanning calorimetry 360:392 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 360:398 The gelling properties of wheat starch in varying ratios of KGM and Na2CO3 were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rheometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). 25458288 2 40 from ratios 313:318 arg1 properties 275:284 The gelling properties 263:284 The gelling properties of wheat starch in varying ratios of KGM and Na2CO3 263:336 The gelling properties of wheat starch in varying ratios of KGM and Na2CO3 were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rheometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). 25458288 2 41 theme scanning 430:437 arg1 microscopy 439:448 confocal laser scanning microscopy 415:448 confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) 415:455 The gelling properties of wheat starch in varying ratios of KGM and Na2CO3 were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rheometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). 25458288 2 41 theme scanning 430:437 arg1 CLSM 451:454 CLSM 451:454 CLSM 451:454 The gelling properties of wheat starch in varying ratios of KGM and Na2CO3 were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rheometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). 25458288 0 42 theme carbonate 35:43 arg1 amount 18:23 a small amount 10:23 a small amount of sodium carbonate 10:43 Effect of a small amount of sodium carbonate on konjac glucomannan-induced changes in wheat starch gel. 25458288 0 42 theme carbonate 35:43 arg1 carbonate 35:43 sodium carbonate 28:43 sodium carbonate 28:43 Effect of a small amount of sodium carbonate on konjac glucomannan-induced changes in wheat starch gel. 25458288 4 43 from absence 914:920 arg1 typical 876:882 typical 876:882 typical 876:882 Comparison of CLSM images of composite gels revealed that Na2CO3 at 0.2 wt% of starch allowed the formation of fiber-like extensions around scattered swollen granules by KGM and amylose interaction, making swollen granules disperse within the micro phase, which was not typical in CLSM images of gels in the absence of Na2CO3. 25458288 4 44 theme CLSM 887:890 arg1 images 892:897 CLSM images 887:897 CLSM images of gels 887:905 Comparison of CLSM images of composite gels revealed that Na2CO3 at 0.2 wt% of starch allowed the formation of fiber-like extensions around scattered swollen granules by KGM and amylose interaction, making swollen granules disperse within the micro phase, which was not typical in CLSM images of gels in the absence of Na2CO3. 25458288 5 45 theme Dynamic 933:939 arg1 modulus 949:955 Dynamic storage modulus 933:955 Dynamic storage modulus 933:955 Dynamic storage modulus and dynamic power law exponent were substantially higher than those observed for the same concentration of KGM in the presence of Na2CO3, supporting the hypothesis that Na2CO3 could promote strong interchain associations between KGM and starch components. 25458288 0 46 theme sodium 28:33 arg1 carbonate 35:43 sodium carbonate 28:43 sodium carbonate 28:43 Effect of a small amount of sodium carbonate on konjac glucomannan-induced changes in wheat starch gel. 25458288 5 47 theme storage 941:947 arg1 modulus 949:955 Dynamic storage modulus 933:955 Dynamic storage modulus 933:955 Dynamic storage modulus and dynamic power law exponent were substantially higher than those observed for the same concentration of KGM in the presence of Na2CO3, supporting the hypothesis that Na2CO3 could promote strong interchain associations between KGM and starch components. 25458288 4 48 theme swollen 756:762 arg1 granules 764:771 scattered swollen granules 746:771 scattered swollen granules 746:771 Comparison of CLSM images of composite gels revealed that Na2CO3 at 0.2 wt% of starch allowed the formation of fiber-like extensions around scattered swollen granules by KGM and amylose interaction, making swollen granules disperse within the micro phase, which was not typical in CLSM images of gels in the absence of Na2CO3. 25458288 1 49 theme Wheat 104:108 arg1 gels 117:120 Wheat starch gels 104:120 Wheat starch gels 104:120 Wheat starch gels were produced with konjac glucomannan (KGM) and low concentrations of Na2CO3 (0.1-0.2 wt% of starch) using a rapid viscosity analyzer (RVA). 25458288 3 50 theme structural 534:543 arg1 ordering 545:552 structural ordering 534:552 structural ordering during retrogradation 534:574 A small amount of Na2CO3 resulted in gels with increased elasticity whereas structural ordering during retrogradation was insignificantly affected. 25458288 3 51 theme increased 505:513 arg1 elasticity 515:524 increased elasticity 505:524 increased elasticity 505:524 A small amount of Na2CO3 resulted in gels with increased elasticity whereas structural ordering during retrogradation was insignificantly affected. 25458288 1 52 theme starch 110:115 arg1 gels 117:120 Wheat starch gels 104:120 Wheat starch gels 104:120 Wheat starch gels were produced with konjac glucomannan (KGM) and low concentrations of Na2CO3 (0.1-0.2 wt% of starch) using a rapid viscosity analyzer (RVA). 25458288 4 53 theme gels 645:648 arg1 images 625:630 CLSM images 620:630 CLSM images of composite gels 620:648 Comparison of CLSM images of composite gels revealed that Na2CO3 at 0.2 wt% of starch allowed the formation of fiber-like extensions around scattered swollen granules by KGM and amylose interaction, making swollen granules disperse within the micro phase, which was not typical in CLSM images of gels in the absence of Na2CO3. 25458288 1 54 theme Na2CO3 192:197 arg1 KGM 161:163 KGM 161:163 KGM 161:163 Wheat starch gels were produced with konjac glucomannan (KGM) and low concentrations of Na2CO3 (0.1-0.2 wt% of starch) using a rapid viscosity analyzer (RVA). 25458288 1 54 theme Na2CO3 192:197 arg1 glucomannan 148:158 konjac glucomannan 141:158 konjac glucomannan (KGM) 141:164 Wheat starch gels were produced with konjac glucomannan (KGM) and low concentrations of Na2CO3 (0.1-0.2 wt% of starch) using a rapid viscosity analyzer (RVA). 25458288 1 54 theme Na2CO3 192:197 arg1 concentrations 174:187 low concentrations 170:187 low concentrations of Na2CO3 (0.1-0.2 wt% of starch) 170:221 Wheat starch gels were produced with konjac glucomannan (KGM) and low concentrations of Na2CO3 (0.1-0.2 wt% of starch) using a rapid viscosity analyzer (RVA). 25458288 5 55 theme dynamic 961:967 arg1 law 975:977 dynamic power law 961:977 dynamic power law 961:977 Dynamic storage modulus and dynamic power law exponent were substantially higher than those observed for the same concentration of KGM in the presence of Na2CO3, supporting the hypothesis that Na2CO3 could promote strong interchain associations between KGM and starch components. 25458288 4 56 theme CLSM 620:623 arg1 images 625:630 CLSM images 620:630 CLSM images of composite gels 620:648 Comparison of CLSM images of composite gels revealed that Na2CO3 at 0.2 wt% of starch allowed the formation of fiber-like extensions around scattered swollen granules by KGM and amylose interaction, making swollen granules disperse within the micro phase, which was not typical in CLSM images of gels in the absence of Na2CO3. 25458288 2 57 theme laser 424:428 arg1 microscopy 439:448 confocal laser scanning microscopy 415:448 confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) 415:455 The gelling properties of wheat starch in varying ratios of KGM and Na2CO3 were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rheometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). 25458288 2 57 theme laser 424:428 arg1 CLSM 451:454 CLSM 451:454 CLSM 451:454 The gelling properties of wheat starch in varying ratios of KGM and Na2CO3 were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rheometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). 25458288 2 58 theme gelling 267:273 arg1 properties 275:284 The gelling properties 263:284 The gelling properties of wheat starch in varying ratios of KGM and Na2CO3 263:336 The gelling properties of wheat starch in varying ratios of KGM and Na2CO3 were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rheometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). 25458288 4 59 theme extensions 728:737 arg1 formation 704:712 the formation 700:712 the formation of fiber-like extensions around scattered swollen granules 700:771 Comparison of CLSM images of composite gels revealed that Na2CO3 at 0.2 wt% of starch allowed the formation of fiber-like extensions around scattered swollen granules by KGM and amylose interaction, making swollen granules disperse within the micro phase, which was not typical in CLSM images of gels in the absence of Na2CO3. 25458288 4 60 theme images 625:630 arg1 Comparison 606:615 Comparison 606:615 Comparison of CLSM images of composite gels 606:648 Comparison of CLSM images of composite gels revealed that Na2CO3 at 0.2 wt% of starch allowed the formation of fiber-like extensions around scattered swollen granules by KGM and amylose interaction, making swollen granules disperse within the micro phase, which was not typical in CLSM images of gels in the absence of Na2CO3. 25458288 5 61 theme starch 1194:1199 arg1 components 1201:1210 KGM and starch components 1186:1210 KGM and starch components 1186:1210 Dynamic storage modulus and dynamic power law exponent were substantially higher than those observed for the same concentration of KGM in the presence of Na2CO3, supporting the hypothesis that Na2CO3 could promote strong interchain associations between KGM and starch components. 25458288 4 62 from images 892:897 arg1 typical 876:882 typical 876:882 typical 876:882 Comparison of CLSM images of composite gels revealed that Na2CO3 at 0.2 wt% of starch allowed the formation of fiber-like extensions around scattered swollen granules by KGM and amylose interaction, making swollen granules disperse within the micro phase, which was not typical in CLSM images of gels in the absence of Na2CO3. 25458288 2 63 theme confocal 415:422 arg1 microscopy 439:448 confocal laser scanning microscopy 415:448 confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) 415:455 The gelling properties of wheat starch in varying ratios of KGM and Na2CO3 were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rheometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). 25458288 2 63 theme confocal 415:422 arg1 CLSM 451:454 CLSM 451:454 CLSM 451:454 The gelling properties of wheat starch in varying ratios of KGM and Na2CO3 were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rheometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). 25458288 5 64 theme KGM 1064:1066 arg1 concentration 1047:1059 the same concentration 1038:1059 the same concentration of KGM 1038:1066 Dynamic storage modulus and dynamic power law exponent were substantially higher than those observed for the same concentration of KGM in the presence of Na2CO3, supporting the hypothesis that Na2CO3 could promote strong interchain associations between KGM and starch components. 25458288 4 65 theme fiber-like 717:726 arg1 extensions 728:737 fiber-like extensions 717:737 fiber-like extensions around scattered swollen granules 717:771 Comparison of CLSM images of composite gels revealed that Na2CO3 at 0.2 wt% of starch allowed the formation of fiber-like extensions around scattered swollen granules by KGM and amylose interaction, making swollen granules disperse within the micro phase, which was not typical in CLSM images of gels in the absence of Na2CO3. 25458288 2 66 theme starch 295:300 arg1 properties 275:284 The gelling properties 263:284 The gelling properties of wheat starch in varying ratios of KGM and Na2CO3 263:336 The gelling properties of wheat starch in varying ratios of KGM and Na2CO3 were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rheometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). 25458288 5 67 theme interchain 1154:1163 arg1 associations 1165:1176 strong interchain associations 1147:1176 strong interchain associations between KGM and starch components 1147:1210 Dynamic storage modulus and dynamic power law exponent were substantially higher than those observed for the same concentration of KGM in the presence of Na2CO3, supporting the hypothesis that Na2CO3 could promote strong interchain associations between KGM and starch components. 25458288 1 68 theme wt 208:209 arg1 starch 215:220 starch 215:220 starch 215:220 Wheat starch gels were produced with konjac glucomannan (KGM) and low concentrations of Na2CO3 (0.1-0.2 wt% of starch) using a rapid viscosity analyzer (RVA). 25458288 1 68 theme wt 208:209 arg1 % 210:210 0.1-0.2 wt% 200:210 0.1-0.2 wt% of starch 200:220 Wheat starch gels were produced with konjac glucomannan (KGM) and low concentrations of Na2CO3 (0.1-0.2 wt% of starch) using a rapid viscosity analyzer (RVA). 25164955 0 0 theme aqueous 50:56 arg1 solution 58:65 aqueous solution 50:65 aqueous solution 50:65 Rapid adsorptive removal of toxic Pb(2+) ion from aqueous solution using recyclable, biodegradable nanocomposite derived from templated partially hydrolyzed xanthan gum and nanosilica. 25164955 0 1 from removal 17:23 arg1 solution 58:65 aqueous solution 50:65 aqueous solution 50:65 Rapid adsorptive removal of toxic Pb(2+) ion from aqueous solution using recyclable, biodegradable nanocomposite derived from templated partially hydrolyzed xanthan gum and nanosilica. 25164955 3 2 theme electrostatic 816:828 arg1 interactions 830:841 electrostatic interactions 816:841 electrostatic interactions 816:841 The excellent removal rate (99.54% adsorption within 25min) and superior adsorption capacity (Qmax=1012.15mgg(-1)) of the composite material have been explained on the basis of synergistic and chelating effects of h-XG/SiO2 with Pb(2+) ion through electrostatic interactions. 25164955 1 3 theme biodegradable 230:242 arg1 nanocomposite 244:256 a novel biodegradable nanocomposite 222:256 a novel biodegradable nanocomposite based on partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted xanthan gum 222:321 This work studied the application of a novel biodegradable nanocomposite based on partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted xanthan gum and nanosilica (h-XG/SiO2) towards efficient and rapid removal of toxic Pb(2+) ions from aqueous environment. 25164955 5 4 theme excellent 1069:1077 arg1 adsorption 1079:1088 excellent adsorption 1069:1088 excellent adsorption as well as regeneration characteristics of nanocomposite 1069:1145 In consequence of excellent adsorption as well as regeneration characteristics of nanocomposite, it has been found to be a promising adsorbent towards removal of Pb(2+) ions from battery industry wastewater. 25164955 5 5 theme adsorption 1079:1088 arg1 consequence 1054:1064 consequence 1054:1064 consequence of excellent adsorption as well as regeneration characteristics of nanocomposite 1054:1145 In consequence of excellent adsorption as well as regeneration characteristics of nanocomposite, it has been found to be a promising adsorbent towards removal of Pb(2+) ions from battery industry wastewater. 25164955 1 6 theme aqueous 412:418 arg1 environment 420:430 aqueous environment 412:430 aqueous environment 412:430 This work studied the application of a novel biodegradable nanocomposite based on partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted xanthan gum and nanosilica (h-XG/SiO2) towards efficient and rapid removal of toxic Pb(2+) ions from aqueous environment. 25164955 1 7 from environment 420:430 arg1 removal 378:384 efficient and rapid removal 358:384 efficient and rapid removal of toxic Pb(2+) ions from aqueous environment 358:430 This work studied the application of a novel biodegradable nanocomposite based on partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted xanthan gum and nanosilica (h-XG/SiO2) towards efficient and rapid removal of toxic Pb(2+) ions from aqueous environment. 25164955 1 8 theme nanocomposite 244:256 arg1 application 207:217 the application 203:217 the application of a novel biodegradable nanocomposite based on partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted xanthan gum 203:321 This work studied the application of a novel biodegradable nanocomposite based on partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted xanthan gum and nanosilica (h-XG/SiO2) towards efficient and rapid removal of toxic Pb(2+) ions from aqueous environment. 25164955 1 8 theme nanocomposite 244:256 arg1 h-XG/SiO2 339:347 h-XG/SiO2 339:347 h-XG/SiO2 339:347 This work studied the application of a novel biodegradable nanocomposite based on partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted xanthan gum and nanosilica (h-XG/SiO2) towards efficient and rapid removal of toxic Pb(2+) ions from aqueous environment. 25164955 1 8 theme nanocomposite 244:256 arg1 nanosilica 327:336 nanosilica 327:336 nanosilica (h-XG/SiO2) 327:348 This work studied the application of a novel biodegradable nanocomposite based on partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted xanthan gum and nanosilica (h-XG/SiO2) towards efficient and rapid removal of toxic Pb(2+) ions from aqueous environment. 25164955 4 9 theme pseudo-second-order 981:999 arg1 kinetics 1001:1008 pseudo-second-order kinetics 981:1008 pseudo-second-order kinetics 981:1008 The kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics studies reveal that Pb(2+) adsorb rapidly on nanocomposite surface, which is in agreement with pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir adsorption isotherm models. 25164955 3 10 theme chelating 761:769 arg1 effects 771:777 synergistic and chelating effects 745:777 effects 771:777 The excellent removal rate (99.54% adsorption within 25min) and superior adsorption capacity (Qmax=1012.15mgg(-1)) of the composite material have been explained on the basis of synergistic and chelating effects of h-XG/SiO2 with Pb(2+) ion through electrostatic interactions. 25164955 1 11 theme efficient 358:366 arg1 removal 378:384 efficient and rapid removal 358:384 efficient and rapid removal of toxic Pb(2+) ions from aqueous environment 358:430 This work studied the application of a novel biodegradable nanocomposite based on partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted xanthan gum and nanosilica (h-XG/SiO2) towards efficient and rapid removal of toxic Pb(2+) ions from aqueous environment. 25164955 2 12 theme parameters 556:565 arg1 variation 532:540 variation 532:540 variation of adsorption parameters 532:565 The uptake ability of Pb(2+) using h-XG/SiO2 has been studied in batch adsorption experiments with variation of adsorption parameters. 25164955 0 13 dep recyclable 73:82 arg1 biodegradable 85:97 biodegradable 85:97 biodegradable 85:97 Rapid adsorptive removal of toxic Pb(2+) ion from aqueous solution using recyclable, biodegradable nanocomposite derived from templated partially hydrolyzed xanthan gum and nanosilica. 25164955 4 14 theme nanocomposite 931:943 arg1 surface 945:951 nanocomposite surface 931:951 nanocomposite surface 931:951 The kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics studies reveal that Pb(2+) adsorb rapidly on nanocomposite surface, which is in agreement with pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir adsorption isotherm models. 25164955 4 15 theme thermodynamics 871:884 arg1 studies 886:892 The kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics studies 844:892 The kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics studies 844:892 The kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics studies reveal that Pb(2+) adsorb rapidly on nanocomposite surface, which is in agreement with pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir adsorption isotherm models. 25164955 4 16 theme isotherm 1034:1041 arg1 models 1043:1048 isotherm models 1034:1048 isotherm models 1034:1048 The kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics studies reveal that Pb(2+) adsorb rapidly on nanocomposite surface, which is in agreement with pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir adsorption isotherm models. 25164955 0 17 theme recyclable 73:82 arg1 nanocomposite 99:111 recyclable, biodegradable nanocomposite 73:111 recyclable, biodegradable nanocomposite derived from templated partially hydrolyzed xanthan gum and nanosilica 73:182 Rapid adsorptive removal of toxic Pb(2+) ion from aqueous solution using recyclable, biodegradable nanocomposite derived from templated partially hydrolyzed xanthan gum and nanosilica. 25164955 1 18 theme rapid 372:376 arg1 removal 378:384 efficient and rapid removal 358:384 efficient and rapid removal of toxic Pb(2+) ions from aqueous environment 358:430 This work studied the application of a novel biodegradable nanocomposite based on partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted xanthan gum and nanosilica (h-XG/SiO2) towards efficient and rapid removal of toxic Pb(2+) ions from aqueous environment. 25164955 2 19 theme Pb 455:456 arg1 ability 444:450 The uptake ability 433:450 The uptake ability of Pb(2+) using h-XG/SiO2 433:476 The uptake ability of Pb(2+) using h-XG/SiO2 has been studied in batch adsorption experiments with variation of adsorption parameters. 25164955 5 20 theme 2+ 1216:1217 arg1 ions 1220:1223 Pb(2+) ions 1213:1223 Pb(2+) ions 1213:1223 In consequence of excellent adsorption as well as regeneration characteristics of nanocomposite, it has been found to be a promising adsorbent towards removal of Pb(2+) ions from battery industry wastewater. 25164955 0 21 attach derived 113:119 arg1 nanosilica 173:182 nanosilica 173:182 nanosilica 173:182 Rapid adsorptive removal of toxic Pb(2+) ion from aqueous solution using recyclable, biodegradable nanocomposite derived from templated partially hydrolyzed xanthan gum and nanosilica. 25164955 0 21 attach derived 113:119 arg1 gum 165:167 templated partially hydrolyzed xanthan gum 126:167 templated partially hydrolyzed xanthan gum 126:167 Rapid adsorptive removal of toxic Pb(2+) ion from aqueous solution using recyclable, biodegradable nanocomposite derived from templated partially hydrolyzed xanthan gum and nanosilica. 25164955 0 21 attach derived 113:119 arg2 nanocomposite 99:111 recyclable, biodegradable nanocomposite 73:111 recyclable, biodegradable nanocomposite derived from templated partially hydrolyzed xanthan gum and nanosilica 73:182 Rapid adsorptive removal of toxic Pb(2+) ion from aqueous solution using recyclable, biodegradable nanocomposite derived from templated partially hydrolyzed xanthan gum and nanosilica. 25164955 0 22 theme adsorptive 6:15 arg1 removal 17:23 Rapid adsorptive removal 0:23 Rapid adsorptive removal of toxic Pb(2+) ion from aqueous solution 0:65 Rapid adsorptive removal of toxic Pb(2+) ion from aqueous solution using recyclable, biodegradable nanocomposite derived from templated partially hydrolyzed xanthan gum and nanosilica. 25164955 3 23 theme composite 690:698 arg1 material 700:707 the composite material 686:707 the composite material 686:707 The excellent removal rate (99.54% adsorption within 25min) and superior adsorption capacity (Qmax=1012.15mgg(-1)) of the composite material have been explained on the basis of synergistic and chelating effects of h-XG/SiO2 with Pb(2+) ion through electrostatic interactions. 25164955 5 24 from wastewater 1247:1256 arg1 removal 1202:1208 removal 1202:1208 removal of Pb(2+) ions from battery industry wastewater 1202:1256 In consequence of excellent adsorption as well as regeneration characteristics of nanocomposite, it has been found to be a promising adsorbent towards removal of Pb(2+) ions from battery industry wastewater. 25164955 0 25 theme Rapid 0:4 arg1 removal 17:23 Rapid adsorptive removal 0:23 Rapid adsorptive removal of toxic Pb(2+) ion from aqueous solution 0:65 Rapid adsorptive removal of toxic Pb(2+) ion from aqueous solution using recyclable, biodegradable nanocomposite derived from templated partially hydrolyzed xanthan gum and nanosilica. 25164955 3 26 theme material 700:707 arg1 Qmax=1012.15mgg 662:676 Qmax=1012.15mgg(-1) 662:680 Qmax=1012.15mgg(-1) 662:680 The excellent removal rate (99.54% adsorption within 25min) and superior adsorption capacity (Qmax=1012.15mgg(-1)) of the composite material have been explained on the basis of synergistic and chelating effects of h-XG/SiO2 with Pb(2+) ion through electrostatic interactions. 25164955 3 26 theme material 700:707 arg1 rate 590:593 The excellent removal rate 568:593 The excellent removal rate (99.54% adsorption within 25min) 568:626 The excellent removal rate (99.54% adsorption within 25min) and superior adsorption capacity (Qmax=1012.15mgg(-1)) of the composite material have been explained on the basis of synergistic and chelating effects of h-XG/SiO2 with Pb(2+) ion through electrostatic interactions. 25164955 3 26 theme material 700:707 arg1 capacity 652:659 superior adsorption capacity 632:659 superior adsorption capacity (Qmax=1012.15mgg(-1)) of the composite material 632:707 The excellent removal rate (99.54% adsorption within 25min) and superior adsorption capacity (Qmax=1012.15mgg(-1)) of the composite material have been explained on the basis of synergistic and chelating effects of h-XG/SiO2 with Pb(2+) ion through electrostatic interactions. 25164955 4 27 with agreement 966:974 arg1 kinetics 1001:1008 pseudo-second-order kinetics 981:1008 pseudo-second-order kinetics 981:1008 The kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics studies reveal that Pb(2+) adsorb rapidly on nanocomposite surface, which is in agreement with pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir adsorption isotherm models. 25164955 4 27 with agreement 966:974 arg1 adsorption 1023:1032 Langmuir adsorption 1014:1032 Langmuir adsorption 1014:1032 The kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics studies reveal that Pb(2+) adsorb rapidly on nanocomposite surface, which is in agreement with pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir adsorption isotherm models. 25164955 3 28 theme superior 632:639 arg1 Qmax=1012.15mgg 662:676 Qmax=1012.15mgg(-1) 662:680 Qmax=1012.15mgg(-1) 662:680 The excellent removal rate (99.54% adsorption within 25min) and superior adsorption capacity (Qmax=1012.15mgg(-1)) of the composite material have been explained on the basis of synergistic and chelating effects of h-XG/SiO2 with Pb(2+) ion through electrostatic interactions. 25164955 3 28 theme superior 632:639 arg1 capacity 652:659 superior adsorption capacity 632:659 superior adsorption capacity (Qmax=1012.15mgg(-1)) of the composite material 632:707 The excellent removal rate (99.54% adsorption within 25min) and superior adsorption capacity (Qmax=1012.15mgg(-1)) of the composite material have been explained on the basis of synergistic and chelating effects of h-XG/SiO2 with Pb(2+) ion through electrostatic interactions. 25164955 1 29 theme hydrolyzed 277:286 arg1 gum 319:321 partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted xanthan gum 267:321 partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted xanthan gum 267:321 This work studied the application of a novel biodegradable nanocomposite based on partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted xanthan gum and nanosilica (h-XG/SiO2) towards efficient and rapid removal of toxic Pb(2+) ions from aqueous environment. 25164955 4 30 theme isotherm 858:865 arg1 studies 886:892 The kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics studies 844:892 The kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics studies 844:892 The kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics studies reveal that Pb(2+) adsorb rapidly on nanocomposite surface, which is in agreement with pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir adsorption isotherm models. 25164955 4 31 dep kinetics 1001:1008 arg1 models 1043:1048 isotherm models 1034:1048 isotherm models 1034:1048 The kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics studies reveal that Pb(2+) adsorb rapidly on nanocomposite surface, which is in agreement with pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir adsorption isotherm models. 25164955 1 32 theme polyacrylamide 288:301 arg1 gum 319:321 partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted xanthan gum 267:321 partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted xanthan gum 267:321 This work studied the application of a novel biodegradable nanocomposite based on partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted xanthan gum and nanosilica (h-XG/SiO2) towards efficient and rapid removal of toxic Pb(2+) ions from aqueous environment. 25164955 2 33 theme adsorption 504:513 arg1 experiments 515:525 batch adsorption experiments 498:525 batch adsorption experiments with variation of adsorption parameters 498:565 The uptake ability of Pb(2+) using h-XG/SiO2 has been studied in batch adsorption experiments with variation of adsorption parameters. 25164955 5 34 theme Pb 1213:1214 arg1 ions 1220:1223 Pb(2+) ions 1213:1223 Pb(2+) ions 1213:1223 In consequence of excellent adsorption as well as regeneration characteristics of nanocomposite, it has been found to be a promising adsorbent towards removal of Pb(2+) ions from battery industry wastewater. 25164955 3 35 dep rate 590:593 arg1 adsorption 603:612 99.54% adsorption 596:612 99.54% adsorption within 25min 596:625 The excellent removal rate (99.54% adsorption within 25min) and superior adsorption capacity (Qmax=1012.15mgg(-1)) of the composite material have been explained on the basis of synergistic and chelating effects of h-XG/SiO2 with Pb(2+) ion through electrostatic interactions. 25164955 0 36 theme Pb 34:35 arg1 ion 41:43 toxic Pb(2+) ion 28:43 toxic Pb(2+) ion from aqueous solution 28:65 Rapid adsorptive removal of toxic Pb(2+) ion from aqueous solution using recyclable, biodegradable nanocomposite derived from templated partially hydrolyzed xanthan gum and nanosilica. 25164955 1 37 theme grafted 303:309 arg1 gum 319:321 partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted xanthan gum 267:321 partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted xanthan gum 267:321 This work studied the application of a novel biodegradable nanocomposite based on partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted xanthan gum and nanosilica (h-XG/SiO2) towards efficient and rapid removal of toxic Pb(2+) ions from aqueous environment. 25164955 2 38 theme batch 498:502 arg1 experiments 515:525 batch adsorption experiments 498:525 batch adsorption experiments with variation of adsorption parameters 498:565 The uptake ability of Pb(2+) using h-XG/SiO2 has been studied in batch adsorption experiments with variation of adsorption parameters. 25164955 1 39 theme toxic 389:393 arg1 ions 402:405 toxic Pb(2+) ions 389:405 toxic Pb(2+) ions 389:405 This work studied the application of a novel biodegradable nanocomposite based on partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted xanthan gum and nanosilica (h-XG/SiO2) towards efficient and rapid removal of toxic Pb(2+) ions from aqueous environment. 25164955 5 40 theme ions 1220:1223 arg1 removal 1202:1208 removal 1202:1208 removal of Pb(2+) ions from battery industry wastewater 1202:1256 In consequence of excellent adsorption as well as regeneration characteristics of nanocomposite, it has been found to be a promising adsorbent towards removal of Pb(2+) ions from battery industry wastewater. 25164955 0 41 theme toxic 28:32 arg1 ion 41:43 toxic Pb(2+) ion 28:43 toxic Pb(2+) ion from aqueous solution 28:65 Rapid adsorptive removal of toxic Pb(2+) ion from aqueous solution using recyclable, biodegradable nanocomposite derived from templated partially hydrolyzed xanthan gum and nanosilica. 25164955 1 42 theme xanthan 311:317 arg1 gum 319:321 partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted xanthan gum 267:321 partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted xanthan gum 267:321 This work studied the application of a novel biodegradable nanocomposite based on partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted xanthan gum and nanosilica (h-XG/SiO2) towards efficient and rapid removal of toxic Pb(2+) ions from aqueous environment. 25164955 3 43 theme h-XG/SiO2 782:790 arg1 effects 771:777 synergistic and chelating effects 745:777 effects 771:777 The excellent removal rate (99.54% adsorption within 25min) and superior adsorption capacity (Qmax=1012.15mgg(-1)) of the composite material have been explained on the basis of synergistic and chelating effects of h-XG/SiO2 with Pb(2+) ion through electrostatic interactions. 25164955 1 44 theme Pb 395:396 arg1 ions 402:405 toxic Pb(2+) ions 389:405 toxic Pb(2+) ions 389:405 This work studied the application of a novel biodegradable nanocomposite based on partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted xanthan gum and nanosilica (h-XG/SiO2) towards efficient and rapid removal of toxic Pb(2+) ions from aqueous environment. 25164955 3 45 theme excellent 572:580 arg1 rate 590:593 The excellent removal rate 568:593 The excellent removal rate (99.54% adsorption within 25min) 568:626 The excellent removal rate (99.54% adsorption within 25min) and superior adsorption capacity (Qmax=1012.15mgg(-1)) of the composite material have been explained on the basis of synergistic and chelating effects of h-XG/SiO2 with Pb(2+) ion through electrostatic interactions. 25164955 2 46 theme adsorption 545:554 arg1 parameters 556:565 adsorption parameters 545:565 adsorption parameters 545:565 The uptake ability of Pb(2+) using h-XG/SiO2 has been studied in batch adsorption experiments with variation of adsorption parameters. 25164955 5 47 theme nanocomposite 1133:1145 arg1 characteristics 1114:1128 regeneration characteristics 1101:1128 excellent adsorption as well as regeneration characteristics of nanocomposite 1069:1145 In consequence of excellent adsorption as well as regeneration characteristics of nanocomposite, it has been found to be a promising adsorbent towards removal of Pb(2+) ions from battery industry wastewater. 25164955 5 47 theme nanocomposite 1133:1145 arg1 adsorption 1079:1088 excellent adsorption 1069:1088 excellent adsorption as well as regeneration characteristics of nanocomposite 1069:1145 In consequence of excellent adsorption as well as regeneration characteristics of nanocomposite, it has been found to be a promising adsorbent towards removal of Pb(2+) ions from battery industry wastewater. 25164955 4 48 theme kinetics 848:855 arg1 studies 886:892 The kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics studies 844:892 The kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics studies 844:892 The kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics studies reveal that Pb(2+) adsorb rapidly on nanocomposite surface, which is in agreement with pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir adsorption isotherm models. 25164955 2 49 theme uptake 437:442 arg1 ability 444:450 The uptake ability 433:450 The uptake ability of Pb(2+) using h-XG/SiO2 433:476 The uptake ability of Pb(2+) using h-XG/SiO2 has been studied in batch adsorption experiments with variation of adsorption parameters. 25164955 5 50 theme regeneration 1101:1112 arg1 characteristics 1114:1128 regeneration characteristics 1101:1128 excellent adsorption as well as regeneration characteristics of nanocomposite 1069:1145 In consequence of excellent adsorption as well as regeneration characteristics of nanocomposite, it has been found to be a promising adsorbent towards removal of Pb(2+) ions from battery industry wastewater. 25164955 0 51 theme templated 126:134 arg1 gum 165:167 templated partially hydrolyzed xanthan gum 126:167 templated partially hydrolyzed xanthan gum 126:167 Rapid adsorptive removal of toxic Pb(2+) ion from aqueous solution using recyclable, biodegradable nanocomposite derived from templated partially hydrolyzed xanthan gum and nanosilica. 25164955 1 52 theme 2+ 398:399 arg1 ions 402:405 toxic Pb(2+) ions 389:405 toxic Pb(2+) ions 389:405 This work studied the application of a novel biodegradable nanocomposite based on partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted xanthan gum and nanosilica (h-XG/SiO2) towards efficient and rapid removal of toxic Pb(2+) ions from aqueous environment. 25164955 3 53 dep effects 771:777 arg1 basis 736:740 basis 736:740 basis 736:740 The excellent removal rate (99.54% adsorption within 25min) and superior adsorption capacity (Qmax=1012.15mgg(-1)) of the composite material have been explained on the basis of synergistic and chelating effects of h-XG/SiO2 with Pb(2+) ion through electrostatic interactions. 25164955 3 53 dep effects 771:777 arg1 the 732:734 the 732:734 the 732:734 The excellent removal rate (99.54% adsorption within 25min) and superior adsorption capacity (Qmax=1012.15mgg(-1)) of the composite material have been explained on the basis of synergistic and chelating effects of h-XG/SiO2 with Pb(2+) ion through electrostatic interactions. 25164955 3 54 theme % 601:601 arg1 adsorption 603:612 99.54% adsorption 596:612 99.54% adsorption within 25min 596:625 The excellent removal rate (99.54% adsorption within 25min) and superior adsorption capacity (Qmax=1012.15mgg(-1)) of the composite material have been explained on the basis of synergistic and chelating effects of h-XG/SiO2 with Pb(2+) ion through electrostatic interactions. 25164955 4 55 theme Langmuir 1014:1021 arg1 adsorption 1023:1032 Langmuir adsorption 1014:1032 Langmuir adsorption 1014:1032 The kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics studies reveal that Pb(2+) adsorb rapidly on nanocomposite surface, which is in agreement with pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir adsorption isotherm models. 25164955 5 56 theme characteristics 1114:1128 arg1 consequence 1054:1064 consequence 1054:1064 consequence of excellent adsorption as well as regeneration characteristics of nanocomposite 1054:1145 In consequence of excellent adsorption as well as regeneration characteristics of nanocomposite, it has been found to be a promising adsorbent towards removal of Pb(2+) ions from battery industry wastewater. 25164955 0 57 theme xanthan 157:163 arg1 gum 165:167 templated partially hydrolyzed xanthan gum 126:167 templated partially hydrolyzed xanthan gum 126:167 Rapid adsorptive removal of toxic Pb(2+) ion from aqueous solution using recyclable, biodegradable nanocomposite derived from templated partially hydrolyzed xanthan gum and nanosilica. 25164955 3 58 theme adsorption 641:650 arg1 Qmax=1012.15mgg 662:676 Qmax=1012.15mgg(-1) 662:680 Qmax=1012.15mgg(-1) 662:680 The excellent removal rate (99.54% adsorption within 25min) and superior adsorption capacity (Qmax=1012.15mgg(-1)) of the composite material have been explained on the basis of synergistic and chelating effects of h-XG/SiO2 with Pb(2+) ion through electrostatic interactions. 25164955 3 58 theme adsorption 641:650 arg1 capacity 652:659 superior adsorption capacity 632:659 superior adsorption capacity (Qmax=1012.15mgg(-1)) of the composite material 632:707 The excellent removal rate (99.54% adsorption within 25min) and superior adsorption capacity (Qmax=1012.15mgg(-1)) of the composite material have been explained on the basis of synergistic and chelating effects of h-XG/SiO2 with Pb(2+) ion through electrostatic interactions. 25164955 3 59 with h-XG/SiO2 782:790 arg1 ion 804:806 Pb(2+) ion 797:806 Pb(2+) ion through electrostatic interactions 797:841 The excellent removal rate (99.54% adsorption within 25min) and superior adsorption capacity (Qmax=1012.15mgg(-1)) of the composite material have been explained on the basis of synergistic and chelating effects of h-XG/SiO2 with Pb(2+) ion through electrostatic interactions. 25164955 3 60 theme 2+ 800:801 arg1 ion 804:806 Pb(2+) ion 797:806 Pb(2+) ion through electrostatic interactions 797:841 The excellent removal rate (99.54% adsorption within 25min) and superior adsorption capacity (Qmax=1012.15mgg(-1)) of the composite material have been explained on the basis of synergistic and chelating effects of h-XG/SiO2 with Pb(2+) ion through electrostatic interactions. 25164955 3 61 theme synergistic 745:755 arg1 effects 771:777 synergistic and chelating effects 745:777 effects 771:777 The excellent removal rate (99.54% adsorption within 25min) and superior adsorption capacity (Qmax=1012.15mgg(-1)) of the composite material have been explained on the basis of synergistic and chelating effects of h-XG/SiO2 with Pb(2+) ion through electrostatic interactions. 25164955 0 62 theme hydrolyzed 146:155 arg1 gum 165:167 templated partially hydrolyzed xanthan gum 126:167 templated partially hydrolyzed xanthan gum 126:167 Rapid adsorptive removal of toxic Pb(2+) ion from aqueous solution using recyclable, biodegradable nanocomposite derived from templated partially hydrolyzed xanthan gum and nanosilica. 25164955 1 63 theme ions 402:405 arg1 removal 378:384 efficient and rapid removal 358:384 efficient and rapid removal of toxic Pb(2+) ions from aqueous environment 358:430 This work studied the application of a novel biodegradable nanocomposite based on partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted xanthan gum and nanosilica (h-XG/SiO2) towards efficient and rapid removal of toxic Pb(2+) ions from aqueous environment. 25164955 3 64 theme 99.54 596:600 arg1 % 601:601 % 601:601 % 601:601 The excellent removal rate (99.54% adsorption within 25min) and superior adsorption capacity (Qmax=1012.15mgg(-1)) of the composite material have been explained on the basis of synergistic and chelating effects of h-XG/SiO2 with Pb(2+) ion through electrostatic interactions. 25164955 5 65 theme battery 1230:1236 arg1 wastewater 1247:1256 battery industry wastewater 1230:1256 battery industry wastewater 1230:1256 In consequence of excellent adsorption as well as regeneration characteristics of nanocomposite, it has been found to be a promising adsorbent towards removal of Pb(2+) ions from battery industry wastewater. 25164955 2 66 with experiments 515:525 arg1 variation 532:540 variation 532:540 variation of adsorption parameters 532:565 The uptake ability of Pb(2+) using h-XG/SiO2 has been studied in batch adsorption experiments with variation of adsorption parameters. 25164955 0 67 theme ion 41:43 arg1 removal 17:23 Rapid adsorptive removal 0:23 Rapid adsorptive removal of toxic Pb(2+) ion from aqueous solution 0:65 Rapid adsorptive removal of toxic Pb(2+) ion from aqueous solution using recyclable, biodegradable nanocomposite derived from templated partially hydrolyzed xanthan gum and nanosilica. 25164955 0 68 from solution 58:65 arg1 removal 17:23 Rapid adsorptive removal 0:23 Rapid adsorptive removal of toxic Pb(2+) ion from aqueous solution 0:65 Rapid adsorptive removal of toxic Pb(2+) ion from aqueous solution using recyclable, biodegradable nanocomposite derived from templated partially hydrolyzed xanthan gum and nanosilica. 25164955 0 68 from solution 58:65 arg1 ion 41:43 toxic Pb(2+) ion 28:43 toxic Pb(2+) ion from aqueous solution 28:65 Rapid adsorptive removal of toxic Pb(2+) ion from aqueous solution using recyclable, biodegradable nanocomposite derived from templated partially hydrolyzed xanthan gum and nanosilica. 25164955 3 69 theme removal 582:588 arg1 rate 590:593 The excellent removal rate 568:593 The excellent removal rate (99.54% adsorption within 25min) 568:626 The excellent removal rate (99.54% adsorption within 25min) and superior adsorption capacity (Qmax=1012.15mgg(-1)) of the composite material have been explained on the basis of synergistic and chelating effects of h-XG/SiO2 with Pb(2+) ion through electrostatic interactions. 25164955 3 70 theme Pb 797:798 arg1 ion 804:806 Pb(2+) ion 797:806 Pb(2+) ion through electrostatic interactions 797:841 The excellent removal rate (99.54% adsorption within 25min) and superior adsorption capacity (Qmax=1012.15mgg(-1)) of the composite material have been explained on the basis of synergistic and chelating effects of h-XG/SiO2 with Pb(2+) ion through electrostatic interactions. 25164955 5 71 located found 1160:1164 arg2 it 1148:1149 it 1148:1149 it 1148:1149 In consequence of excellent adsorption as well as regeneration characteristics of nanocomposite, it has been found to be a promising adsorbent towards removal of Pb(2+) ions from battery industry wastewater. 25164955 5 71 located found 1160:1164 arg2 adsorbent 1184:1192 adsorbent 1184:1192 adsorbent 1184:1192 In consequence of excellent adsorption as well as regeneration characteristics of nanocomposite, it has been found to be a promising adsorbent towards removal of Pb(2+) ions from battery industry wastewater. 25164955 5 71 located found 1160:1164 arg1 consequence 1054:1064 consequence 1054:1064 consequence of excellent adsorption as well as regeneration characteristics of nanocomposite 1054:1145 In consequence of excellent adsorption as well as regeneration characteristics of nanocomposite, it has been found to be a promising adsorbent towards removal of Pb(2+) ions from battery industry wastewater. 25164955 5 72 theme industry 1238:1245 arg1 wastewater 1247:1256 battery industry wastewater 1230:1256 battery industry wastewater 1230:1256 In consequence of excellent adsorption as well as regeneration characteristics of nanocomposite, it has been found to be a promising adsorbent towards removal of Pb(2+) ions from battery industry wastewater. 25164955 1 73 theme novel 224:228 arg1 nanocomposite 244:256 a novel biodegradable nanocomposite 222:256 a novel biodegradable nanocomposite based on partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted xanthan gum 222:321 This work studied the application of a novel biodegradable nanocomposite based on partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted xanthan gum and nanosilica (h-XG/SiO2) towards efficient and rapid removal of toxic Pb(2+) ions from aqueous environment. 27261729 8 0 theme silver 1007:1012 arg1 release 1014:1020 silver release 1007:1020 silver release 1007:1020 The antimicrobial test and EDS results demonstrated higher silver release (larger halo width) by the former in comparison to later which confers better antimicrobiality by CMC-Ag nanofibers. 27261729 1 1 theme anionic 149:155 arg1 nanocomposite 167:179 silver coated anionic cellulose nanocomposite 135:179 silver coated anionic cellulose nanocomposite 135:179 Herein, we report a comparative study of silver coated anionic cellulose nanocomposite before (CMC-Ag) and after (AgNPs/CMC) chemical reduction for antibacterial activity. 27261729 7 2 theme AgNPs/CMC 926:934 arg1 nanofibers 936:945 AgNPs/CMC nanofibers 926:945 AgNPs/CMC nanofibers 926:945 The EDS results confirmed higher silver content in CMC-Ag nanofibers than AgNPs/CMC nanofibers. 27261729 1 3 theme cellulose 157:165 arg1 nanocomposite 167:179 silver coated anionic cellulose nanocomposite 135:179 silver coated anionic cellulose nanocomposite 135:179 Herein, we report a comparative study of silver coated anionic cellulose nanocomposite before (CMC-Ag) and after (AgNPs/CMC) chemical reduction for antibacterial activity. 27261729 7 4 theme CMC-Ag 903:908 arg1 nanofibers 910:919 CMC-Ag nanofibers 903:919 CMC-Ag nanofibers 903:919 The EDS results confirmed higher silver content in CMC-Ag nanofibers than AgNPs/CMC nanofibers. 27261729 1 5 theme antibacterial 242:254 arg1 activity 256:263 antibacterial activity 242:263 antibacterial activity 242:263 Herein, we report a comparative study of silver coated anionic cellulose nanocomposite before (CMC-Ag) and after (AgNPs/CMC) chemical reduction for antibacterial activity. 27261729 3 6 theme nanofiber 537:545 arg1 composites 547:556 nanofiber composites 537:556 nanofiber composites 537:556 Aqueous AgNO3 solution with different concentrations was employed to produce nanofiber composites. 27261729 8 7 dep larger 1023:1028 arg1 width 1035:1039 halo width 1030:1039 halo width 1030:1039 The antimicrobial test and EDS results demonstrated higher silver release (larger halo width) by the former in comparison to later which confers better antimicrobiality by CMC-Ag nanofibers. 27261729 6 8 dep method 828:833 arg1 JIS 835:837 JIS 835:837 JIS 835:837 Antimicrobiality tests were conducted using S. aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria following standard test method JIS L1902, 2008. 27261729 8 9 theme halo 1030:1033 arg1 width 1035:1039 halo width 1030:1039 halo width 1030:1039 The antimicrobial test and EDS results demonstrated higher silver release (larger halo width) by the former in comparison to later which confers better antimicrobiality by CMC-Ag nanofibers. 27261729 7 10 theme silver 885:890 arg1 content 892:898 higher silver content 878:898 higher silver content 878:898 The EDS results confirmed higher silver content in CMC-Ag nanofibers than AgNPs/CMC nanofibers. 27261729 1 11 theme nanocomposite 167:179 arg1 study 126:130 a comparative study 112:130 a comparative study of silver coated anionic cellulose nanocomposite before (CMC-Ag) and after (AgNPs/CMC) chemical reduction for antibacterial activity 112:263 Herein, we report a comparative study of silver coated anionic cellulose nanocomposite before (CMC-Ag) and after (AgNPs/CMC) chemical reduction for antibacterial activity. 27261729 2 12 theme Cellulose 266:274 arg1 nanofibers 276:285 Cellulose nanofibers 266:285 Cellulose nanofibers 266:285 Cellulose nanofibers were prepared by deacetylation of electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibers, which were then treated with sodium chloroacetate to prepare anionic cellulose nanofibers (CMC). 27261729 7 13 theme higher 878:883 arg1 content 892:898 higher silver content 878:898 higher silver content 878:898 The EDS results confirmed higher silver content in CMC-Ag nanofibers than AgNPs/CMC nanofibers. 27261729 4 14 theme resultant 584:592 arg1 nanofibers 601:610 the resultant Ag/CMC nanofibers 580:610 the resultant Ag/CMC nanofibers 580:610 To obtain AgNPs/CMC, the resultant Ag/CMC nanofibers were chemically reduced with NaBH4. 27261729 2 15 theme electrospun 321:331 arg1 nanofibers 351:360 electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibers 321:360 electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibers 321:360 Cellulose nanofibers were prepared by deacetylation of electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibers, which were then treated with sodium chloroacetate to prepare anionic cellulose nanofibers (CMC). 27261729 6 16 theme Antimicrobiality 720:735 arg1 tests 737:741 Antimicrobiality tests 720:741 Antimicrobiality tests 720:741 Antimicrobiality tests were conducted using S. aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria following standard test method JIS L1902, 2008. 27261729 2 17 theme sodium 392:397 arg1 chloroacetate 399:411 sodium chloroacetate 392:411 sodium chloroacetate 392:411 Cellulose nanofibers were prepared by deacetylation of electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibers, which were then treated with sodium chloroacetate to prepare anionic cellulose nanofibers (CMC). 27261729 8 18 theme better 1093:1098 arg1 antimicrobiality 1100:1115 better antimicrobiality 1093:1115 better antimicrobiality by CMC-Ag nanofibers 1093:1136 The antimicrobial test and EDS results demonstrated higher silver release (larger halo width) by the former in comparison to later which confers better antimicrobiality by CMC-Ag nanofibers. 27261729 6 19 theme test 823:826 arg1 method 828:833 standard test method JIS L1902, 2008 814:849 standard test method JIS L1902, 2008 814:849 Antimicrobiality tests were conducted using S. aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria following standard test method JIS L1902, 2008. 27261729 0 20 theme cellulose 22:30 arg1 composites 42:51 anionic cellulose nanofiber composites 14:51 anionic cellulose nanofiber composites for an efficient antimicrobial activity 14:91 Silver coated anionic cellulose nanofiber composites for an efficient antimicrobial activity. 27261729 8 21 theme CMC-Ag 1120:1125 arg1 nanofibers 1127:1136 CMC-Ag nanofibers 1120:1136 CMC-Ag nanofibers 1120:1136 The antimicrobial test and EDS results demonstrated higher silver release (larger halo width) by the former in comparison to later which confers better antimicrobiality by CMC-Ag nanofibers. 27261729 6 22 theme standard 814:821 arg1 method 828:833 standard test method JIS L1902, 2008 814:849 standard test method JIS L1902, 2008 814:849 Antimicrobiality tests were conducted using S. aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria following standard test method JIS L1902, 2008. 27261729 0 23 theme anionic 14:20 arg1 composites 42:51 anionic cellulose nanofiber composites 14:51 anionic cellulose nanofiber composites for an efficient antimicrobial activity 14:91 Silver coated anionic cellulose nanofiber composites for an efficient antimicrobial activity. 27261729 4 24 theme Ag/CMC 594:599 arg1 nanofibers 601:610 the resultant Ag/CMC nanofibers 580:610 the resultant Ag/CMC nanofibers 580:610 To obtain AgNPs/CMC, the resultant Ag/CMC nanofibers were chemically reduced with NaBH4. 27261729 8 25 theme antimicrobial 952:964 arg1 test 966:969 The antimicrobial test and EDS results 948:985 test 966:969 The antimicrobial test and EDS results demonstrated higher silver release (larger halo width) by the former in comparison to later which confers better antimicrobiality by CMC-Ag nanofibers. 27261729 2 26 theme cellulose 432:440 arg1 CMC 454:456 CMC 454:456 CMC 454:456 Cellulose nanofibers were prepared by deacetylation of electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibers, which were then treated with sodium chloroacetate to prepare anionic cellulose nanofibers (CMC). 27261729 2 26 theme cellulose 432:440 arg1 nanofibers 442:451 anionic cellulose nanofibers 424:451 anionic cellulose nanofibers (CMC) 424:457 Cellulose nanofibers were prepared by deacetylation of electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibers, which were then treated with sodium chloroacetate to prepare anionic cellulose nanofibers (CMC). 27261729 2 27 theme nanofibers 351:360 arg1 deacetylation 304:316 deacetylation 304:316 deacetylation of electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibers, which were then treated with sodium chloroacetate to prepare anionic cellulose nanofibers (CMC) 304:457 Cellulose nanofibers were prepared by deacetylation of electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibers, which were then treated with sodium chloroacetate to prepare anionic cellulose nanofibers (CMC). 27261729 3 28 with solution 474:481 arg1 concentrations 498:511 different concentrations 488:511 different concentrations 488:511 Aqueous AgNO3 solution with different concentrations was employed to produce nanofiber composites. 27261729 3 29 theme Aqueous 460:466 arg1 solution 474:481 Aqueous AgNO3 solution 460:481 Aqueous AgNO3 solution with different concentrations 460:511 Aqueous AgNO3 solution with different concentrations was employed to produce nanofiber composites. 27261729 7 30 theme EDS 856:858 arg1 results 860:866 The EDS results 852:866 The EDS results 852:866 The EDS results confirmed higher silver content in CMC-Ag nanofibers than AgNPs/CMC nanofibers. 27261729 2 31 theme anionic 424:430 arg1 CMC 454:456 CMC 454:456 CMC 454:456 Cellulose nanofibers were prepared by deacetylation of electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibers, which were then treated with sodium chloroacetate to prepare anionic cellulose nanofibers (CMC). 27261729 2 31 theme anionic 424:430 arg1 nanofibers 442:451 anionic cellulose nanofibers 424:451 anionic cellulose nanofibers (CMC) 424:457 Cellulose nanofibers were prepared by deacetylation of electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibers, which were then treated with sodium chloroacetate to prepare anionic cellulose nanofibers (CMC). 27261729 0 32 theme nanofiber 32:40 arg1 composites 42:51 anionic cellulose nanofiber composites 14:51 anionic cellulose nanofiber composites for an efficient antimicrobial activity 14:91 Silver coated anionic cellulose nanofiber composites for an efficient antimicrobial activity. 27261729 3 33 theme AgNO3 468:472 arg1 solution 474:481 Aqueous AgNO3 solution 460:481 Aqueous AgNO3 solution with different concentrations 460:511 Aqueous AgNO3 solution with different concentrations was employed to produce nanofiber composites. 27261729 1 34 theme comparative 114:124 arg1 study 126:130 a comparative study 112:130 a comparative study of silver coated anionic cellulose nanocomposite before (CMC-Ag) and after (AgNPs/CMC) chemical reduction for antibacterial activity 112:263 Herein, we report a comparative study of silver coated anionic cellulose nanocomposite before (CMC-Ag) and after (AgNPs/CMC) chemical reduction for antibacterial activity. 27261729 8 35 theme EDS 975:977 arg1 results 979:985 The antimicrobial test and EDS results 948:985 results 979:985 The antimicrobial test and EDS results demonstrated higher silver release (larger halo width) by the former in comparison to later which confers better antimicrobiality by CMC-Ag nanofibers. 27261729 2 36 theme acetate 343:349 arg1 nanofibers 351:360 electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibers 321:360 electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibers 321:360 Cellulose nanofibers were prepared by deacetylation of electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibers, which were then treated with sodium chloroacetate to prepare anionic cellulose nanofibers (CMC). 27261729 1 37 theme AgNPs/CMC 208:216 arg1 reduction 228:236 (AgNPs/CMC) chemical reduction 207:236 (AgNPs/CMC) chemical reduction for antibacterial activity 207:263 Herein, we report a comparative study of silver coated anionic cellulose nanocomposite before (CMC-Ag) and after (AgNPs/CMC) chemical reduction for antibacterial activity. 27261729 2 38 theme cellulose 333:341 arg1 nanofibers 351:360 electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibers 321:360 electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibers 321:360 Cellulose nanofibers were prepared by deacetylation of electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibers, which were then treated with sodium chloroacetate to prepare anionic cellulose nanofibers (CMC). 27261729 8 39 dep higher 1000:1005 arg1 larger 1023:1028 larger 1023:1028 larger 1023:1028 The antimicrobial test and EDS results demonstrated higher silver release (larger halo width) by the former in comparison to later which confers better antimicrobiality by CMC-Ag nanofibers. 27261729 8 39 dep higher 1000:1005 arg1 release 1014:1020 silver release 1007:1020 silver release 1007:1020 The antimicrobial test and EDS results demonstrated higher silver release (larger halo width) by the former in comparison to later which confers better antimicrobiality by CMC-Ag nanofibers. 27261729 3 40 theme different 488:496 arg1 concentrations 498:511 different concentrations 488:511 different concentrations 488:511 Aqueous AgNO3 solution with different concentrations was employed to produce nanofiber composites. 27261729 0 41 theme antimicrobial 70:82 arg1 activity 84:91 an efficient antimicrobial activity 57:91 an efficient antimicrobial activity 57:91 Silver coated anionic cellulose nanofiber composites for an efficient antimicrobial activity. 27261729 1 42 theme silver 135:140 arg1 nanocomposite 167:179 silver coated anionic cellulose nanocomposite 135:179 silver coated anionic cellulose nanocomposite 135:179 Herein, we report a comparative study of silver coated anionic cellulose nanocomposite before (CMC-Ag) and after (AgNPs/CMC) chemical reduction for antibacterial activity. 27261729 6 43 dep aureus 767:772 arg1 bacteria 795:802 bacteria 795:802 bacteria 795:802 Antimicrobiality tests were conducted using S. aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria following standard test method JIS L1902, 2008. 27261729 1 44 theme chemical 219:226 arg1 reduction 228:236 (AgNPs/CMC) chemical reduction 207:236 (AgNPs/CMC) chemical reduction for antibacterial activity 207:263 Herein, we report a comparative study of silver coated anionic cellulose nanocomposite before (CMC-Ag) and after (AgNPs/CMC) chemical reduction for antibacterial activity. 27261729 0 45 theme efficient 60:68 arg1 activity 84:91 an efficient antimicrobial activity 57:91 an efficient antimicrobial activity 57:91 Silver coated anionic cellulose nanofiber composites for an efficient antimicrobial activity. 27261729 1 46 theme coated 142:147 arg1 nanocomposite 167:179 silver coated anionic cellulose nanocomposite 135:179 silver coated anionic cellulose nanocomposite 135:179 Herein, we report a comparative study of silver coated anionic cellulose nanocomposite before (CMC-Ag) and after (AgNPs/CMC) chemical reduction for antibacterial activity. 26076620 4 0 theme polymerisation 711:724 arg1 degrees 700:706 different estimate degrees 681:706 different estimate degrees of polymerisation (DP) 681:729 AX rich extracts were obtained for all grain fractions presenting different estimate degrees of polymerisation (DP) and degrees of branching (DB). 26076620 4 0 theme polymerisation 711:724 arg1 degrees 735:741 degrees 735:741 degrees of branching (DB) 735:759 AX rich extracts were obtained for all grain fractions presenting different estimate degrees of polymerisation (DP) and degrees of branching (DB). 26076620 5 1 theme branched 813:820 arg1 polymers 822:829 smallest and more branched polymers 795:829 smallest and more branched polymers 795:829 With the decreasing of grain PS, smallest and more branched polymers were extracted; the smallest AX in PSC, and the more branched AX in PSA and PSB. 26076620 5 2 from PSA 899:901 arg1 AX 893:894 AX 893:894 AX 893:894 With the decreasing of grain PS, smallest and more branched polymers were extracted; the smallest AX in PSC, and the more branched AX in PSA and PSB. 26076620 1 3 theme PS 203:204 arg1 PSA 215:217 PSA 215:217 PSA 215:217 BSG was milled and sieved and six different grain fractions of different particle sizes (PS) were obtained: PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF). 26076620 1 3 theme PS 203:204 arg1 μm 211:212 PS ≤ 63 μm 203:212 PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF) 203:342 BSG was milled and sieved and six different grain fractions of different particle sizes (PS) were obtained: PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF). 26076620 5 4 dep AX 860:861 arg1 smallest 851:858 smallest 851:858 smallest 851:858 With the decreasing of grain PS, smallest and more branched polymers were extracted; the smallest AX in PSC, and the more branched AX in PSA and PSB. 26076620 1 5 theme different 129:137 arg1 fractions 145:153 six different grain fractions 125:153 six different grain fractions of different particle sizes (PS) 125:186 BSG was milled and sieved and six different grain fractions of different particle sizes (PS) were obtained: PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF). 26076620 8 6 theme different 1127:1135 arg1 PS 1143:1144 different grain PS 1127:1144 different grain PS 1127:1144 AX rich extracts with different DP and DB were obtained from different grain PS. 26076620 1 7 theme ≤ 206:206 arg1 PSA 215:217 PSA 215:217 PSA 215:217 BSG was milled and sieved and six different grain fractions of different particle sizes (PS) were obtained: PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF). 26076620 1 7 theme ≤ 206:206 arg1 μm 211:212 PS ≤ 63 μm 203:212 PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF) 203:342 BSG was milled and sieved and six different grain fractions of different particle sizes (PS) were obtained: PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF). 26076620 0 8 theme spent 82:86 arg1 grain 88:92 brewer's spent grain 73:92 brewer's spent grain 73:92 Influence of grain particle sizes on the structure of arabinoxylans from brewer's spent grain. 26076620 0 9 from Influence 0:8 arg1 structure 41:49 the structure 37:49 the structure of arabinoxylans from brewer's spent grain 37:92 Influence of grain particle sizes on the structure of arabinoxylans from brewer's spent grain. 26076620 2 10 theme SEM 345:347 arg1 images 349:354 SEM images 345:354 SEM images 345:354 SEM images showed that for the highest particle sizes, cells were still intact while for the smallest particles disruption of cells occurred. 26076620 1 11 theme μm 276:277 arg1 PSD 294:296 PSD 294:296 PSD 294:296 BSG was milled and sieved and six different grain fractions of different particle sizes (PS) were obtained: PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF). 26076620 1 11 theme μm 276:277 arg1 μm 290:291 125 μm < PS ≤ 180 μm 272:291 PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF) 203:342 BSG was milled and sieved and six different grain fractions of different particle sizes (PS) were obtained: PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF). 26076620 3 12 theme arabinoxylans 552:564 arg1 presence 540:547 the constant presence 527:547 the constant presence of arabinoxylans (AX) 527:569 The sugar analysis of the grains showed the constant presence of arabinoxylans (AX) and the maximum amount was observed in PSC. 26076620 4 13 theme grain 654:658 arg1 fractions 660:668 all grain fractions 650:668 all grain fractions presenting different estimate degrees of polymerisation (DP) and degrees of branching (DB) 650:759 AX rich extracts were obtained for all grain fractions presenting different estimate degrees of polymerisation (DP) and degrees of branching (DB). 26076620 0 14 from structure 41:49 arg1 grain 88:92 brewer's spent grain 73:92 brewer's spent grain 73:92 Influence of grain particle sizes on the structure of arabinoxylans from brewer's spent grain. 26076620 7 15 located present 986:992 arg2 Starch 975:980 Starch 975:980 Starch 975:980 Starch was present in all extracts accounting for 8-10% of the composition of the extract. 26076620 7 15 located present 986:992 arg1 extracts 1001:1008 all extracts 997:1008 all extracts accounting for 8-10% of the composition of the extract 997:1063 Starch was present in all extracts accounting for 8-10% of the composition of the extract. 26076620 7 16 from present 986:992 arg1 extracts 1001:1008 all extracts 997:1008 all extracts accounting for 8-10% of the composition of the extract 997:1063 Starch was present in all extracts accounting for 8-10% of the composition of the extract. 26076620 4 17 theme different 681:689 arg1 degrees 700:706 different estimate degrees 681:706 different estimate degrees of polymerisation (DP) 681:729 AX rich extracts were obtained for all grain fractions presenting different estimate degrees of polymerisation (DP) and degrees of branching (DB). 26076620 2 18 theme highest 376:382 arg1 sizes 393:397 the highest particle sizes 372:397 the highest particle sizes 372:397 SEM images showed that for the highest particle sizes, cells were still intact while for the smallest particles disruption of cells occurred. 26076620 1 19 theme PS 281:282 arg1 PSD 294:296 PSD 294:296 PSD 294:296 BSG was milled and sieved and six different grain fractions of different particle sizes (PS) were obtained: PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF). 26076620 1 19 theme PS 281:282 arg1 μm 290:291 125 μm < PS ≤ 180 μm 272:291 PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF) 203:342 BSG was milled and sieved and six different grain fractions of different particle sizes (PS) were obtained: PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF). 26076620 5 20 from PSB 907:909 arg1 AX 893:894 AX 893:894 AX 893:894 With the decreasing of grain PS, smallest and more branched polymers were extracted; the smallest AX in PSC, and the more branched AX in PSA and PSB. 26076620 1 21 theme grain 139:143 arg1 fractions 145:153 six different grain fractions 125:153 six different grain fractions of different particle sizes (PS) 125:186 BSG was milled and sieved and six different grain fractions of different particle sizes (PS) were obtained: PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF). 26076620 5 22 theme smallest 795:802 arg1 polymers 822:829 smallest and more branched polymers 795:829 smallest and more branched polymers 795:829 With the decreasing of grain PS, smallest and more branched polymers were extracted; the smallest AX in PSC, and the more branched AX in PSA and PSB. 26076620 6 23 theme Residual 912:919 arg1 AG 939:940 AG 939:940 AG 939:940 Residual arabinogalactans (AG) were extracted from PSD to PSA. 26076620 6 23 theme Residual 912:919 arg1 arabinogalactans 921:936 Residual arabinogalactans 912:936 Residual arabinogalactans (AG) 912:941 Residual arabinogalactans (AG) were extracted from PSD to PSA. 26076620 1 24 theme ≤ 284:284 arg1 PSD 294:296 PSD 294:296 PSD 294:296 BSG was milled and sieved and six different grain fractions of different particle sizes (PS) were obtained: PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF). 26076620 1 24 theme ≤ 284:284 arg1 μm 290:291 125 μm < PS ≤ 180 μm 272:291 PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF) 203:342 BSG was milled and sieved and six different grain fractions of different particle sizes (PS) were obtained: PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF). 26076620 7 25 theme extract 1057:1063 arg1 composition 1038:1048 the composition 1034:1048 the composition of the extract 1034:1063 Starch was present in all extracts accounting for 8-10% of the composition of the extract. 26076620 5 26 from AX 860:861 arg1 PSC 866:868 PSC 866:868 PSC 866:868 With the decreasing of grain PS, smallest and more branched polymers were extracted; the smallest AX in PSC, and the more branched AX in PSA and PSB. 26076620 7 27 theme composition 1038:1048 arg1 composition 1038:1048 the composition 1034:1048 the composition of the extract 1034:1063 Starch was present in all extracts accounting for 8-10% of the composition of the extract. 26076620 7 27 theme composition 1038:1048 arg1 % 1029:1029 8-10% 1025:1029 8-10% of the composition of the extract 1025:1063 Starch was present in all extracts accounting for 8-10% of the composition of the extract. 26076620 7 28 from extracts 1001:1008 arg1 present 986:992 present 986:992 present 986:992 Starch was present in all extracts accounting for 8-10% of the composition of the extract. 26076620 8 29 theme grain 1137:1141 arg1 PS 1143:1144 different grain PS 1127:1144 different grain PS 1127:1144 AX rich extracts with different DP and DB were obtained from different grain PS. 26076620 3 30 theme sugar 491:495 arg1 analysis 497:504 The sugar analysis 487:504 The sugar analysis of the grains 487:518 The sugar analysis of the grains showed the constant presence of arabinoxylans (AX) and the maximum amount was observed in PSC. 26076620 7 31 attach present 986:992 arg2 Starch 975:980 Starch 975:980 Starch 975:980 Starch was present in all extracts accounting for 8-10% of the composition of the extract. 26076620 7 31 attach present 986:992 arg1 extracts 1001:1008 all extracts 997:1008 all extracts accounting for 8-10% of the composition of the extract 997:1063 Starch was present in all extracts accounting for 8-10% of the composition of the extract. 26076620 5 32 from PSC 866:868 arg1 AX 860:861 AX 860:861 AX 860:861 With the decreasing of grain PS, smallest and more branched polymers were extracted; the smallest AX in PSC, and the more branched AX in PSA and PSB. 26076620 1 33 theme different 158:166 arg1 sizes 177:181 different particle sizes 158:181 different particle sizes (PS) 158:186 BSG was milled and sieved and six different grain fractions of different particle sizes (PS) were obtained: PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF). 26076620 1 33 theme different 158:166 arg1 PS 184:185 PS 184:185 PS 184:185 BSG was milled and sieved and six different grain fractions of different particle sizes (PS) were obtained: PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF). 26076620 0 34 theme particle 19:26 arg1 sizes 28:32 grain particle sizes 13:32 grain particle sizes 13:32 Influence of grain particle sizes on the structure of arabinoxylans from brewer's spent grain. 26076620 2 35 theme particle 384:391 arg1 sizes 393:397 the highest particle sizes 372:397 the highest particle sizes 372:397 SEM images showed that for the highest particle sizes, cells were still intact while for the smallest particles disruption of cells occurred. 26076620 1 36 theme particle 168:175 arg1 sizes 177:181 different particle sizes 158:181 different particle sizes (PS) 158:186 BSG was milled and sieved and six different grain fractions of different particle sizes (PS) were obtained: PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF). 26076620 1 36 theme particle 168:175 arg1 PS 184:185 PS 184:185 PS 184:185 BSG was milled and sieved and six different grain fractions of different particle sizes (PS) were obtained: PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF). 26076620 0 37 theme grain 13:17 arg1 sizes 28:32 grain particle sizes 13:32 grain particle sizes 13:32 Influence of grain particle sizes on the structure of arabinoxylans from brewer's spent grain. 26076620 1 38 dep μm250 μm (PSF). 26076620 1 38 dep μm250 μm (PSF). 26076620 1 38 dep μm250 μm (PSF). 26076620 1 38 dep μm250 μm 328:336 PS>250 μm (PSF) 328:342 BSG was milled and sieved and six different grain fractions of different particle sizes (PS) were obtained: PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF). 26076620 1 39 theme sizes 177:181 arg1 fractions 145:153 six different grain fractions 125:153 six different grain fractions of different particle sizes (PS) 125:186 BSG was milled and sieved and six different grain fractions of different particle sizes (PS) were obtained: PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF). 26076620 8 40 theme rich 1069:1072 arg1 extracts 1074:1081 AX rich extracts 1066:1081 AX rich extracts with different DP and DB 1066:1106 AX rich extracts with different DP and DB were obtained from different grain PS. 26076620 0 41 theme sizes 28:32 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of grain particle sizes on the structure of arabinoxylans from brewer's spent grain. 0:93 Influence of grain particle sizes on the structure of arabinoxylans from brewer's spent grain. 26076620 3 42 theme grains 513:518 arg1 analysis 497:504 The sugar analysis 487:504 The sugar analysis of the grains 487:518 The sugar analysis of the grains showed the constant presence of arabinoxylans (AX) and the maximum amount was observed in PSC. 26076620 8 43 theme different 1088:1096 arg1 DP 1098:1099 different DP 1088:1099 different DP 1088:1099 AX rich extracts with different DP and DB were obtained from different grain PS. 26076620 1 44 theme μm 224:225 arg1 μm 237:238 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm 221:238 PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF) 203:342 BSG was milled and sieved and six different grain fractions of different particle sizes (PS) were obtained: PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF). 26076620 1 44 theme μm 224:225 arg1 PSB 241:243 PSB 241:243 PSB 241:243 BSG was milled and sieved and six different grain fractions of different particle sizes (PS) were obtained: PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF). 26076620 4 45 theme AX 615:616 arg1 extracts 623:630 AX rich extracts 615:630 AX rich extracts 615:630 AX rich extracts were obtained for all grain fractions presenting different estimate degrees of polymerisation (DP) and degrees of branching (DB). 26076620 5 46 theme grain 785:789 arg1 PS 791:792 grain PS 785:792 grain PS 785:792 With the decreasing of grain PS, smallest and more branched polymers were extracted; the smallest AX in PSC, and the more branched AX in PSA and PSB. 26076620 3 47 located observed 598:605 arg2 amount 587:592 the maximum amount 575:592 the maximum amount 575:592 The sugar analysis of the grains showed the constant presence of arabinoxylans (AX) and the maximum amount was observed in PSC. 26076620 3 47 located observed 598:605 arg1 PSC 610:612 PSC 610:612 PSC 610:612 The sugar analysis of the grains showed the constant presence of arabinoxylans (AX) and the maximum amount was observed in PSC. 26076620 2 48 theme smallest 438:445 arg1 particles 447:455 the smallest particles 434:455 the smallest particles 434:455 SEM images showed that for the highest particle sizes, cells were still intact while for the smallest particles disruption of cells occurred. 26076620 5 49 dep extracted 836:844 arg1 branched 884:891 branched 884:891 branched 884:891 With the decreasing of grain PS, smallest and more branched polymers were extracted; the smallest AX in PSC, and the more branched AX in PSA and PSB. 26076620 5 49 dep extracted 836:844 arg1 AX 860:861 AX 860:861 AX 860:861 With the decreasing of grain PS, smallest and more branched polymers were extracted; the smallest AX in PSC, and the more branched AX in PSA and PSB. 26076620 3 50 dep arabinoxylans 552:564 arg1 AX 567:568 AX 567:568 AX 567:568 The sugar analysis of the grains showed the constant presence of arabinoxylans (AX) and the maximum amount was observed in PSC. 26076620 0 51 from grain 88:92 arg1 arabinoxylans 54:66 arabinoxylans 54:66 arabinoxylans from brewer's spent grain 54:92 Influence of grain particle sizes on the structure of arabinoxylans from brewer's spent grain. 26076620 0 51 from grain 88:92 arg1 structure 41:49 the structure 37:49 the structure of arabinoxylans from brewer's spent grain 37:92 Influence of grain particle sizes on the structure of arabinoxylans from brewer's spent grain. 26076620 3 52 theme maximum 579:585 arg1 amount 587:592 the maximum amount 575:592 the maximum amount 575:592 The sugar analysis of the grains showed the constant presence of arabinoxylans (AX) and the maximum amount was observed in PSC. 26076620 1 53 theme PS 229:230 arg1 μm 237:238 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm 221:238 PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF) 203:342 BSG was milled and sieved and six different grain fractions of different particle sizes (PS) were obtained: PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF). 26076620 1 53 theme PS 229:230 arg1 PSB 241:243 PSB 241:243 PSB 241:243 BSG was milled and sieved and six different grain fractions of different particle sizes (PS) were obtained: PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF). 26076620 5 54 from AX 893:894 arg1 PSB 907:909 PSB 907:909 PSB 907:909 With the decreasing of grain PS, smallest and more branched polymers were extracted; the smallest AX in PSC, and the more branched AX in PSA and PSB. 26076620 5 54 from AX 893:894 arg1 PSA 899:901 PSA 899:901 PSA 899:901 With the decreasing of grain PS, smallest and more branched polymers were extracted; the smallest AX in PSC, and the more branched AX in PSA and PSB. 26076620 1 55 dep μm 211:212 arg1 μm 262:263 125 μm 258:263 PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF) 203:342 BSG was milled and sieved and six different grain fractions of different particle sizes (PS) were obtained: PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF). 26076620 1 55 dep μm 211:212 arg1 PSB 241:243 PSB 241:243 PSB 241:243 BSG was milled and sieved and six different grain fractions of different particle sizes (PS) were obtained: PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF). 26076620 1 55 dep μm 211:212 arg1 PSD 294:296 PSD 294:296 PSD 294:296 BSG was milled and sieved and six different grain fractions of different particle sizes (PS) were obtained: PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF). 26076620 1 55 dep μm 211:212 arg1 PSC 266:268 PSC 266:268 PSC 266:268 BSG was milled and sieved and six different grain fractions of different particle sizes (PS) were obtained: PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF). 26076620 1 55 dep μm 211:212 arg1 μm 237:238 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm 221:238 PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF) 203:342 BSG was milled and sieved and six different grain fractions of different particle sizes (PS) were obtained: PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF). 26076620 1 55 dep μm 211:212 arg1 μm250 μm (PSF) 203:342 BSG was milled and sieved and six different grain fractions of different particle sizes (PS) were obtained: PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF). 26076620 1 55 dep μm 211:212 arg1 μm 290:291 125 μm < PS ≤ 180 μm 272:291 PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF) 203:342 BSG was milled and sieved and six different grain fractions of different particle sizes (PS) were obtained: PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF). 26076620 1 55 dep μm 211:212 arg1 μm250 μm (PSF) 300:342 PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF) 203:342 BSG was milled and sieved and six different grain fractions of different particle sizes (PS) were obtained: PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF). 26076620 8 56 with extracts 1074:1081 arg1 DB 1105:1106 DB 1105:1106 DB 1105:1106 AX rich extracts with different DP and DB were obtained from different grain PS. 26076620 8 56 with extracts 1074:1081 arg1 DP 1098:1099 different DP 1088:1099 different DP 1088:1099 AX rich extracts with different DP and DB were obtained from different grain PS. 26076620 4 57 theme rich 618:621 arg1 extracts 623:630 AX rich extracts 615:630 AX rich extracts 615:630 AX rich extracts were obtained for all grain fractions presenting different estimate degrees of polymerisation (DP) and degrees of branching (DB). 26076620 5 58 dep branched 884:891 arg1 AX 893:894 AX 893:894 AX 893:894 With the decreasing of grain PS, smallest and more branched polymers were extracted; the smallest AX in PSC, and the more branched AX in PSA and PSB. 26076620 0 59 theme arabinoxylans 54:66 arg1 structure 41:49 the structure 37:49 the structure of arabinoxylans from brewer's spent grain 37:92 Influence of grain particle sizes on the structure of arabinoxylans from brewer's spent grain. 26076620 8 60 theme AX 1066:1067 arg1 extracts 1074:1081 AX rich extracts 1066:1081 AX rich extracts with different DP and DB 1066:1106 AX rich extracts with different DP and DB were obtained from different grain PS. 26076620 2 61 theme cells 471:475 arg1 disruption 457:466 disruption 457:466 disruption of cells 457:475 SEM images showed that for the highest particle sizes, cells were still intact while for the smallest particles disruption of cells occurred. 26076620 4 62 theme estimate 691:698 arg1 degrees 700:706 different estimate degrees 681:706 different estimate degrees of polymerisation (DP) 681:729 AX rich extracts were obtained for all grain fractions presenting different estimate degrees of polymerisation (DP) and degrees of branching (DB). 26076620 1 63 theme ≤ 232:232 arg1 μm 237:238 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm 221:238 PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF) 203:342 BSG was milled and sieved and six different grain fractions of different particle sizes (PS) were obtained: PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF). 26076620 1 63 theme ≤ 232:232 arg1 PSB 241:243 PSB 241:243 PSB 241:243 BSG was milled and sieved and six different grain fractions of different particle sizes (PS) were obtained: PS ≤ 63 μm (PSA); 63 μm < PS ≤ 90 μm (PSB); 90 μm250 μm (PSF). 26076620 4 64 theme branching 746:754 arg1 degrees 700:706 different estimate degrees 681:706 different estimate degrees of polymerisation (DP) 681:729 AX rich extracts were obtained for all grain fractions presenting different estimate degrees of polymerisation (DP) and degrees of branching (DB). 26076620 4 64 theme branching 746:754 arg1 degrees 735:741 degrees 735:741 degrees of branching (DB) 735:759 AX rich extracts were obtained for all grain fractions presenting different estimate degrees of polymerisation (DP) and degrees of branching (DB). 26076620 3 65 theme constant 531:538 arg1 presence 540:547 the constant presence 527:547 the constant presence of arabinoxylans (AX) 527:569 The sugar analysis of the grains showed the constant presence of arabinoxylans (AX) and the maximum amount was observed in PSC. 28406232 4 0 theme high-resolution 582:596 arg1 spectrometry 603:614 high-resolution mass spectrometry 582:614 high-resolution mass spectrometry 582:614 Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, 104 unique muropeptides fragments were identified and the relative abundance of each fragment was accurately quantified by integrating the ion current of a selected ion using extracted-ion chromatogram. 28406232 0 1 theme Enterococcus 98:109 arg1 faecalis 111:118 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis 77:118 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis 77:118 Peptidoglycan O-acetylation increases in response to vancomycin treatment in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis. 28406232 7 2 theme PG 1298:1299 arg1 units 1301:1305 PG units 1298:1305 PG units that have stems terminating in d-Ala-d-Lac, serving as markers to prevent both the PG-stem modification by carboxypeptidases and the cell wall degradation by autolysins 1298:1474 These findings show that O-acetylation preferentially occurred in regions of the cell wall with reduced PG cross-linking on PG units that have stems terminating in d-Ala-d-Lac, serving as markers to prevent both the PG-stem modification by carboxypeptidases and the cell wall degradation by autolysins. 28406232 4 3 theme extracted-ion 792:804 arg1 chromatogram 806:817 extracted-ion chromatogram 792:817 extracted-ion chromatogram 792:817 Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, 104 unique muropeptides fragments were identified and the relative abundance of each fragment was accurately quantified by integrating the ion current of a selected ion using extracted-ion chromatogram. 28406232 4 4 theme relative 675:682 arg1 abundance 684:692 the relative abundance 671:692 the relative abundance of each fragment 671:709 Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, 104 unique muropeptides fragments were identified and the relative abundance of each fragment was accurately quantified by integrating the ion current of a selected ion using extracted-ion chromatogram. 28406232 7 5 theme PG 1278:1279 arg1 cross-linking 1281:1293 reduced PG cross-linking 1270:1293 reduced PG cross-linking on PG units that have stems terminating in d-Ala-d-Lac, serving as markers to prevent both the PG-stem modification by carboxypeptidases and the cell wall degradation by autolysins 1270:1474 These findings show that O-acetylation preferentially occurred in regions of the cell wall with reduced PG cross-linking on PG units that have stems terminating in d-Ala-d-Lac, serving as markers to prevent both the PG-stem modification by carboxypeptidases and the cell wall degradation by autolysins. 28406232 8 6 theme compositional 1532:1544 arg1 insights 1546:1553 compositional insights 1532:1553 compositional insights into altered cell wall biosynthesis and modification processes in VRE that contribute to lysozyme resistance 1532:1662 Accurate quantitative PG composition analysis provided compositional insights into altered cell wall biosynthesis and modification processes in VRE that contribute to lysozyme resistance and enhanced virulence for VRE grown in the presence of vancomycin. 28406232 8 7 theme wall 1573:1576 arg1 biosynthesis 1578:1589 altered cell wall biosynthesis 1560:1589 altered cell wall biosynthesis 1560:1589 Accurate quantitative PG composition analysis provided compositional insights into altered cell wall biosynthesis and modification processes in VRE that contribute to lysozyme resistance and enhanced virulence for VRE grown in the presence of vancomycin. 28406232 5 8 theme PG 851:852 arg1 cross-linking 854:866 PG cross-linking 851:866 PG cross-linking 851:866 The analysis indicates reduced PG cross-linking, increased carboxypeptidase activities, increased N-deacetylation, and increased O-acetylation in VRE when grown in the presence of vancomycin. 28406232 7 9 theme cell 1440:1443 arg1 degradation 1450:1460 the cell wall degradation 1436:1460 the cell wall degradation by autolysins 1436:1474 These findings show that O-acetylation preferentially occurred in regions of the cell wall with reduced PG cross-linking on PG units that have stems terminating in d-Ala-d-Lac, serving as markers to prevent both the PG-stem modification by carboxypeptidases and the cell wall degradation by autolysins. 28406232 8 10 theme vancomycin 1720:1729 arg1 presence 1708:1715 the presence 1704:1715 the presence of vancomycin 1704:1729 Accurate quantitative PG composition analysis provided compositional insights into altered cell wall biosynthesis and modification processes in VRE that contribute to lysozyme resistance and enhanced virulence for VRE grown in the presence of vancomycin. 28406232 3 11 theme liquid 535:540 arg1 spectrometry 562:573 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 535:573 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 535:573 Here we comprehensively investigate the changes to PG composition in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis following the growth in presence of vancomycin using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. 28406232 5 12 theme vancomycin 1000:1009 arg1 presence 988:995 the presence 984:995 the presence of vancomycin 984:1009 The analysis indicates reduced PG cross-linking, increased carboxypeptidase activities, increased N-deacetylation, and increased O-acetylation in VRE when grown in the presence of vancomycin. 28406232 7 13 from cross-linking 1281:1293 arg1 units 1301:1305 PG units 1298:1305 PG units that have stems terminating in d-Ala-d-Lac, serving as markers to prevent both the PG-stem modification by carboxypeptidases and the cell wall degradation by autolysins 1298:1474 These findings show that O-acetylation preferentially occurred in regions of the cell wall with reduced PG cross-linking on PG units that have stems terminating in d-Ala-d-Lac, serving as markers to prevent both the PG-stem modification by carboxypeptidases and the cell wall degradation by autolysins. 28406232 0 14 theme vancomycin 53:62 arg1 treatment 64:72 vancomycin treatment 53:72 vancomycin treatment 53:72 Peptidoglycan O-acetylation increases in response to vancomycin treatment in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis. 28406232 6 15 with fragments 1080:1088 arg1 cross-linking 1103:1115 reduced cross-linking 1095:1115 reduced cross-linking with a pentapeptide stem that terminated in d-Ala-d-Lac 1095:1171 We found that O-acetylation preferentially occurred on muropeptides fragments with reduced cross-linking with a pentapeptide stem that terminated in d-Ala-d-Lac. 28406232 1 16 theme d-Ala-d-Ala 260:270 arg1 replacement 212:222 the replacement 208:222 the replacement of peptidoglycan (PG) stem terminal d-Ala-d-Ala with d-Ala-d-Lac 208:287 Vancomycin resistance is conferred upon vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) through the replacement of peptidoglycan (PG) stem terminal d-Ala-d-Ala with d-Ala-d-Lac. 28406232 8 17 theme Accurate 1477:1484 arg1 analysis 1514:1521 Accurate quantitative PG composition analysis 1477:1521 Accurate quantitative PG composition analysis 1477:1521 Accurate quantitative PG composition analysis provided compositional insights into altered cell wall biosynthesis and modification processes in VRE that contribute to lysozyme resistance and enhanced virulence for VRE grown in the presence of vancomycin. 28406232 7 18 theme cell 1255:1258 arg1 wall 1260:1263 the cell wall 1251:1263 the cell wall 1251:1263 These findings show that O-acetylation preferentially occurred in regions of the cell wall with reduced PG cross-linking on PG units that have stems terminating in d-Ala-d-Lac, serving as markers to prevent both the PG-stem modification by carboxypeptidases and the cell wall degradation by autolysins. 28406232 8 19 theme cell 1568:1571 arg1 biosynthesis 1578:1589 altered cell wall biosynthesis 1560:1589 altered cell wall biosynthesis 1560:1589 Accurate quantitative PG composition analysis provided compositional insights into altered cell wall biosynthesis and modification processes in VRE that contribute to lysozyme resistance and enhanced virulence for VRE grown in the presence of vancomycin. 28406232 4 20 theme selected 773:780 arg1 ion 782:784 a selected ion 771:784 a selected ion using extracted-ion chromatogram 771:817 Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, 104 unique muropeptides fragments were identified and the relative abundance of each fragment was accurately quantified by integrating the ion current of a selected ion using extracted-ion chromatogram. 28406232 0 21 theme Peptidoglycan 0:12 arg1 O-acetylation 14:26 Peptidoglycan O-acetylation 0:26 Peptidoglycan O-acetylation 0:26 Peptidoglycan O-acetylation increases in response to vancomycin treatment in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis. 28406232 7 22 theme wall 1260:1263 arg1 regions 1240:1246 regions 1240:1246 regions of the cell wall 1240:1263 These findings show that O-acetylation preferentially occurred in regions of the cell wall with reduced PG cross-linking on PG units that have stems terminating in d-Ala-d-Lac, serving as markers to prevent both the PG-stem modification by carboxypeptidases and the cell wall degradation by autolysins. 28406232 1 23 theme Vancomycin 121:130 arg1 resistance 132:141 Vancomycin resistance 121:141 Vancomycin resistance 121:141 Vancomycin resistance is conferred upon vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) through the replacement of peptidoglycan (PG) stem terminal d-Ala-d-Ala with d-Ala-d-Lac. 28406232 1 24 theme peptidoglycan 227:239 arg1 d-Ala-d-Ala 260:270 peptidoglycan (PG) stem terminal d-Ala-d-Ala 227:270 peptidoglycan (PG) stem terminal d-Ala-d-Ala 227:270 Vancomycin resistance is conferred upon vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) through the replacement of peptidoglycan (PG) stem terminal d-Ala-d-Ala with d-Ala-d-Lac. 28406232 4 25 theme fragment 702:709 arg1 abundance 684:692 the relative abundance 671:692 the relative abundance of each fragment 671:709 Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, 104 unique muropeptides fragments were identified and the relative abundance of each fragment was accurately quantified by integrating the ion current of a selected ion using extracted-ion chromatogram. 28406232 6 26 theme pentapeptide 1124:1135 arg1 stem 1137:1140 a pentapeptide stem 1122:1140 a pentapeptide stem that terminated in d-Ala-d-Lac 1122:1171 We found that O-acetylation preferentially occurred on muropeptides fragments with reduced cross-linking with a pentapeptide stem that terminated in d-Ala-d-Lac. 28406232 7 27 contain have 1312:1315 arg1 units 1301:1305 PG units 1298:1305 PG units that have stems terminating in d-Ala-d-Lac, serving as markers to prevent both the PG-stem modification by carboxypeptidases and the cell wall degradation by autolysins 1298:1474 These findings show that O-acetylation preferentially occurred in regions of the cell wall with reduced PG cross-linking on PG units that have stems terminating in d-Ala-d-Lac, serving as markers to prevent both the PG-stem modification by carboxypeptidases and the cell wall degradation by autolysins. 28406232 7 27 contain have 1312:1315 arg2 stems 1317:1321 stems 1317:1321 stems terminating in d-Ala-d-Lac 1317:1348 These findings show that O-acetylation preferentially occurred in regions of the cell wall with reduced PG cross-linking on PG units that have stems terminating in d-Ala-d-Lac, serving as markers to prevent both the PG-stem modification by carboxypeptidases and the cell wall degradation by autolysins. 28406232 6 28 with cross-linking 1103:1115 arg1 stem 1137:1140 a pentapeptide stem 1122:1140 a pentapeptide stem that terminated in d-Ala-d-Lac 1122:1171 We found that O-acetylation preferentially occurred on muropeptides fragments with reduced cross-linking with a pentapeptide stem that terminated in d-Ala-d-Lac. 28406232 8 29 theme modification 1595:1606 arg1 processes 1608:1616 altered cell wall biosynthesis and modification processes 1560:1616 altered cell wall biosynthesis and modification processes in VRE 1560:1623 Accurate quantitative PG composition analysis provided compositional insights into altered cell wall biosynthesis and modification processes in VRE that contribute to lysozyme resistance and enhanced virulence for VRE grown in the presence of vancomycin. 28406232 3 30 theme PG 421:422 arg1 composition 424:434 PG composition 421:434 PG composition 421:434 Here we comprehensively investigate the changes to PG composition in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis following the growth in presence of vancomycin using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. 28406232 8 31 theme composition 1502:1512 arg1 analysis 1514:1521 Accurate quantitative PG composition analysis 1477:1521 Accurate quantitative PG composition analysis 1477:1521 Accurate quantitative PG composition analysis provided compositional insights into altered cell wall biosynthesis and modification processes in VRE that contribute to lysozyme resistance and enhanced virulence for VRE grown in the presence of vancomycin. 28406232 1 32 theme PG 242:243 arg1 d-Ala-d-Ala 260:270 peptidoglycan (PG) stem terminal d-Ala-d-Ala 227:270 peptidoglycan (PG) stem terminal d-Ala-d-Ala 227:270 Vancomycin resistance is conferred upon vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) through the replacement of peptidoglycan (PG) stem terminal d-Ala-d-Ala with d-Ala-d-Lac. 28406232 8 33 from processes 1608:1616 arg1 VRE 1621:1623 VRE 1621:1623 VRE 1621:1623 Accurate quantitative PG composition analysis provided compositional insights into altered cell wall biosynthesis and modification processes in VRE that contribute to lysozyme resistance and enhanced virulence for VRE grown in the presence of vancomycin. 28406232 8 34 theme lysozyme 1644:1651 arg1 resistance 1653:1662 lysozyme resistance 1644:1662 lysozyme resistance 1644:1662 Accurate quantitative PG composition analysis provided compositional insights into altered cell wall biosynthesis and modification processes in VRE that contribute to lysozyme resistance and enhanced virulence for VRE grown in the presence of vancomycin. 28406232 0 35 dep treatment 64:72 arg1 response 41:48 response 41:48 response 41:48 Peptidoglycan O-acetylation increases in response to vancomycin treatment in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis. 28406232 4 36 theme ion 756:758 arg1 current 760:766 the ion current 752:766 the ion current of a selected ion using extracted-ion chromatogram 752:817 Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, 104 unique muropeptides fragments were identified and the relative abundance of each fragment was accurately quantified by integrating the ion current of a selected ion using extracted-ion chromatogram. 28406232 4 37 theme unique 621:626 arg1 fragments 641:649 104 unique muropeptides fragments 617:649 104 unique muropeptides fragments 617:649 Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, 104 unique muropeptides fragments were identified and the relative abundance of each fragment was accurately quantified by integrating the ion current of a selected ion using extracted-ion chromatogram. 28406232 8 38 theme quantitative 1486:1497 arg1 analysis 1514:1521 Accurate quantitative PG composition analysis 1477:1521 Accurate quantitative PG composition analysis 1477:1521 Accurate quantitative PG composition analysis provided compositional insights into altered cell wall biosynthesis and modification processes in VRE that contribute to lysozyme resistance and enhanced virulence for VRE grown in the presence of vancomycin. 28406232 3 39 theme vancomycin 518:527 arg1 presence 506:513 presence 506:513 presence of vancomycin using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 506:573 Here we comprehensively investigate the changes to PG composition in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis following the growth in presence of vancomycin using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. 28406232 3 40 theme vancomycin-resistant 439:458 arg1 faecalis 473:480 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis 439:480 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis following the growth in presence of vancomycin using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 439:573 Here we comprehensively investigate the changes to PG composition in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis following the growth in presence of vancomycin using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. 28406232 6 41 theme reduced 1095:1101 arg1 cross-linking 1103:1115 reduced cross-linking 1095:1115 reduced cross-linking with a pentapeptide stem that terminated in d-Ala-d-Lac 1095:1171 We found that O-acetylation preferentially occurred on muropeptides fragments with reduced cross-linking with a pentapeptide stem that terminated in d-Ala-d-Lac. 28406232 3 42 from changes 410:416 arg1 faecalis 473:480 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis 439:480 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis following the growth in presence of vancomycin using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 439:573 Here we comprehensively investigate the changes to PG composition in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis following the growth in presence of vancomycin using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. 28406232 8 43 theme altered 1560:1566 arg1 biosynthesis 1578:1589 altered cell wall biosynthesis 1560:1589 altered cell wall biosynthesis 1560:1589 Accurate quantitative PG composition analysis provided compositional insights into altered cell wall biosynthesis and modification processes in VRE that contribute to lysozyme resistance and enhanced virulence for VRE grown in the presence of vancomycin. 28406232 7 44 theme wall 1445:1448 arg1 degradation 1450:1460 the cell wall degradation 1436:1460 the cell wall degradation by autolysins 1436:1474 These findings show that O-acetylation preferentially occurred in regions of the cell wall with reduced PG cross-linking on PG units that have stems terminating in d-Ala-d-Lac, serving as markers to prevent both the PG-stem modification by carboxypeptidases and the cell wall degradation by autolysins. 28406232 3 45 theme Enterococcus 460:471 arg1 faecalis 473:480 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis 439:480 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis following the growth in presence of vancomycin using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 439:573 Here we comprehensively investigate the changes to PG composition in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis following the growth in presence of vancomycin using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. 28406232 6 46 theme muropeptides 1067:1078 arg1 fragments 1080:1088 muropeptides fragments 1067:1088 muropeptides fragments with reduced cross-linking with a pentapeptide stem that terminated in d-Ala-d-Lac 1067:1171 We found that O-acetylation preferentially occurred on muropeptides fragments with reduced cross-linking with a pentapeptide stem that terminated in d-Ala-d-Lac. 28406232 7 47 theme reduced 1270:1276 arg1 cross-linking 1281:1293 reduced PG cross-linking 1270:1293 reduced PG cross-linking on PG units that have stems terminating in d-Ala-d-Lac, serving as markers to prevent both the PG-stem modification by carboxypeptidases and the cell wall degradation by autolysins 1270:1474 These findings show that O-acetylation preferentially occurred in regions of the cell wall with reduced PG cross-linking on PG units that have stems terminating in d-Ala-d-Lac, serving as markers to prevent both the PG-stem modification by carboxypeptidases and the cell wall degradation by autolysins. 28406232 2 48 dep fitness 340:346 arg1 the 336:338 the 336:338 the 336:338 The d-Ala-d-Lac incorporation can affect both the fitness and virulence of VRE. 28406232 4 49 theme muropeptides 628:639 arg1 fragments 641:649 104 unique muropeptides fragments 617:649 104 unique muropeptides fragments 617:649 Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, 104 unique muropeptides fragments were identified and the relative abundance of each fragment was accurately quantified by integrating the ion current of a selected ion using extracted-ion chromatogram. 28406232 3 50 theme chromatography-mass 542:560 arg1 spectrometry 562:573 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 535:573 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 535:573 Here we comprehensively investigate the changes to PG composition in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis following the growth in presence of vancomycin using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. 28406232 8 51 theme biosynthesis 1578:1589 arg1 processes 1608:1616 altered cell wall biosynthesis and modification processes 1560:1616 altered cell wall biosynthesis and modification processes in VRE 1560:1623 Accurate quantitative PG composition analysis provided compositional insights into altered cell wall biosynthesis and modification processes in VRE that contribute to lysozyme resistance and enhanced virulence for VRE grown in the presence of vancomycin. 28406232 1 52 theme terminal 251:258 arg1 d-Ala-d-Ala 260:270 peptidoglycan (PG) stem terminal d-Ala-d-Ala 227:270 peptidoglycan (PG) stem terminal d-Ala-d-Ala 227:270 Vancomycin resistance is conferred upon vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) through the replacement of peptidoglycan (PG) stem terminal d-Ala-d-Ala with d-Ala-d-Lac. 28406232 1 53 with replacement 212:222 arg1 d-Ala-d-Lac 277:287 d-Ala-d-Lac 277:287 d-Ala-d-Lac 277:287 Vancomycin resistance is conferred upon vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) through the replacement of peptidoglycan (PG) stem terminal d-Ala-d-Ala with d-Ala-d-Lac. 28406232 2 54 theme d-Ala-d-Lac 294:304 arg1 incorporation 306:318 The d-Ala-d-Lac incorporation 290:318 The d-Ala-d-Lac incorporation 290:318 The d-Ala-d-Lac incorporation can affect both the fitness and virulence of VRE. 28406232 2 55 theme VRE 365:367 arg1 virulence 352:360 virulence 352:360 virulence 352:360 The d-Ala-d-Lac incorporation can affect both the fitness and virulence of VRE. 28406232 2 55 theme VRE 365:367 arg1 fitness 340:346 fitness 340:346 fitness 340:346 The d-Ala-d-Lac incorporation can affect both the fitness and virulence of VRE. 28406232 1 56 theme vancomycin-resistant 161:180 arg1 VRE 195:197 VRE 195:197 VRE 195:197 Vancomycin resistance is conferred upon vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) through the replacement of peptidoglycan (PG) stem terminal d-Ala-d-Ala with d-Ala-d-Lac. 28406232 1 56 theme vancomycin-resistant 161:180 arg1 enterococci 182:192 vancomycin-resistant enterococci 161:192 vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) 161:198 Vancomycin resistance is conferred upon vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) through the replacement of peptidoglycan (PG) stem terminal d-Ala-d-Ala with d-Ala-d-Lac. 28406232 0 57 theme vancomycin-resistant 77:96 arg1 faecalis 111:118 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis 77:118 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis 77:118 Peptidoglycan O-acetylation increases in response to vancomycin treatment in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis. 28406232 1 58 theme stem 246:249 arg1 d-Ala-d-Ala 260:270 peptidoglycan (PG) stem terminal d-Ala-d-Ala 227:270 peptidoglycan (PG) stem terminal d-Ala-d-Ala 227:270 Vancomycin resistance is conferred upon vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) through the replacement of peptidoglycan (PG) stem terminal d-Ala-d-Ala with d-Ala-d-Lac. 28406232 3 59 from growth 496:501 arg1 presence 506:513 presence 506:513 presence of vancomycin using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 506:573 Here we comprehensively investigate the changes to PG composition in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis following the growth in presence of vancomycin using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. 28406232 8 60 theme PG 1499:1500 arg1 analysis 1514:1521 Accurate quantitative PG composition analysis 1477:1521 Accurate quantitative PG composition analysis 1477:1521 Accurate quantitative PG composition analysis provided compositional insights into altered cell wall biosynthesis and modification processes in VRE that contribute to lysozyme resistance and enhanced virulence for VRE grown in the presence of vancomycin. 28406232 7 61 theme PG-stem 1390:1396 arg1 modification 1398:1409 the PG-stem modification 1386:1409 the PG-stem modification by carboxypeptidases 1386:1430 These findings show that O-acetylation preferentially occurred in regions of the cell wall with reduced PG cross-linking on PG units that have stems terminating in d-Ala-d-Lac, serving as markers to prevent both the PG-stem modification by carboxypeptidases and the cell wall degradation by autolysins. 28406232 5 62 theme carboxypeptidase 879:894 arg1 activities 896:905 carboxypeptidase activities 879:905 carboxypeptidase activities 879:905 The analysis indicates reduced PG cross-linking, increased carboxypeptidase activities, increased N-deacetylation, and increased O-acetylation in VRE when grown in the presence of vancomycin. 28406232 4 63 theme mass 598:601 arg1 spectrometry 603:614 high-resolution mass spectrometry 582:614 high-resolution mass spectrometry 582:614 Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, 104 unique muropeptides fragments were identified and the relative abundance of each fragment was accurately quantified by integrating the ion current of a selected ion using extracted-ion chromatogram. 28406232 4 64 theme ion 782:784 arg1 current 760:766 the ion current 752:766 the ion current of a selected ion using extracted-ion chromatogram 752:817 Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, 104 unique muropeptides fragments were identified and the relative abundance of each fragment was accurately quantified by integrating the ion current of a selected ion using extracted-ion chromatogram. 28406232 5 65 dep indicates 833:841 arg1 increased 908:916 increased 908:916 increased N-deacetylation 908:932 The analysis indicates reduced PG cross-linking, increased carboxypeptidase activities, increased N-deacetylation, and increased O-acetylation in VRE when grown in the presence of vancomycin. 28406232 5 65 dep indicates 833:841 arg1 reduced 843:849 reduced 843:849 reduced PG cross-linking 843:866 The analysis indicates reduced PG cross-linking, increased carboxypeptidase activities, increased N-deacetylation, and increased O-acetylation in VRE when grown in the presence of vancomycin. 28406232 5 65 dep indicates 833:841 arg1 increased 869:877 increased 869:877 increased carboxypeptidase activities 869:905 The analysis indicates reduced PG cross-linking, increased carboxypeptidase activities, increased N-deacetylation, and increased O-acetylation in VRE when grown in the presence of vancomycin. 28406232 5 65 dep indicates 833:841 arg1 increased 939:947 increased 939:947 increased O-acetylation in VRE when grown in the presence of vancomycin 939:1009 The analysis indicates reduced PG cross-linking, increased carboxypeptidase activities, increased N-deacetylation, and increased O-acetylation in VRE when grown in the presence of vancomycin. 24906752 5 0 theme pure 1057:1060 arg1 water 1062:1066 pure water 1057:1066 pure water 1057:1066 Both systems were tested as drug delivery platforms with two different model drugs, namely, ciprofloxacin (an antibiotic) and prednisolone (an anti-inflammatory), in two different media: pure water and PBS solution. 24906752 6 1 theme drug 1224:1227 arg1 applications 1238:1249 drug delivery applications 1224:1249 drug delivery applications than non-functionalized PSi samples 1224:1285 Results show that both kinds of PSi/β-cyclodextrin-citric acid polymer composites, nano- and macro-, provide enhanced release control for drug delivery applications than non-functionalized PSi samples. 24906752 6 2 theme delivery 1229:1236 arg1 applications 1238:1249 drug delivery applications 1224:1249 drug delivery applications than non-functionalized PSi samples 1224:1285 Results show that both kinds of PSi/β-cyclodextrin-citric acid polymer composites, nano- and macro-, provide enhanced release control for drug delivery applications than non-functionalized PSi samples. 24906752 2 3 theme new 319:321 arg1 characteristics 345:359 new chemical and physical characteristics 319:359 new chemical and physical characteristics 319:359 PSi composites are attractive candidates for drug delivery systems because they can display new chemical and physical characteristics, which are not exhibited by the individual constituents alone. 24906752 5 4 dep prednisolone 996:1007 arg1 anti-inflammatory 1013:1029 anti-inflammatory 1013:1029 anti-inflammatory 1013:1029 Both systems were tested as drug delivery platforms with two different model drugs, namely, ciprofloxacin (an antibiotic) and prednisolone (an anti-inflammatory), in two different media: pure water and PBS solution. 24906752 6 5 theme release 1204:1210 arg1 control 1212:1218 enhanced release control 1195:1218 enhanced release control for drug delivery applications than non-functionalized PSi samples 1195:1285 Results show that both kinds of PSi/β-cyclodextrin-citric acid polymer composites, nano- and macro-, provide enhanced release control for drug delivery applications than non-functionalized PSi samples. 24906752 6 6 theme acid 1144:1147 arg1 composites 1157:1166 PSi/β-cyclodextrin-citric acid polymer composites 1118:1166 PSi/β-cyclodextrin-citric acid polymer composites 1118:1166 Results show that both kinds of PSi/β-cyclodextrin-citric acid polymer composites, nano- and macro-, provide enhanced release control for drug delivery applications than non-functionalized PSi samples. 24906752 4 7 theme biological 838:847 arg1 assay 849:853 a preliminary biological assay 824:853 a preliminary biological assay 824:853 The synthesized composites were characterized by microscopy techniques (SEM and AFM), physicochemical methods (ATR-FTIR, XPS, water contact angle, TGA and TBO titration) and a preliminary biological assay was performed. 24906752 2 8 theme attractive 246:255 arg1 composites 231:240 PSi composites 227:240 PSi composites 227:240 PSi composites are attractive candidates for drug delivery systems because they can display new chemical and physical characteristics, which are not exhibited by the individual constituents alone. 24906752 2 8 theme attractive 246:255 arg1 candidates 257:266 attractive candidates 246:266 attractive candidates for drug delivery systems 246:292 PSi composites are attractive candidates for drug delivery systems because they can display new chemical and physical characteristics, which are not exhibited by the individual constituents alone. 24906752 1 9 theme composite 216:224 arg1 part 206:209 a part 204:209 a part of a composite 204:224 One of the main applications of porous silicon (PSi) in biomedicine is drug release, either as a single material or as a part of a composite. 24906752 3 10 theme in-situ 554:560 arg1 polymerization 562:575 β-cyclodextrin-citric acid in-situ polymerization 527:575 β-cyclodextrin-citric acid in-situ polymerization 527:575 Since cyclodextrin-based polymers have been proven efficient materials for drug delivery, in this work β-cyclodextrin-citric acid in-situ polymerization was used to functionalize two kinds of PSi (nanoporous and macroporous). 24906752 4 11 theme preliminary 826:836 arg1 assay 849:853 a preliminary biological assay 824:853 a preliminary biological assay 824:853 The synthesized composites were characterized by microscopy techniques (SEM and AFM), physicochemical methods (ATR-FTIR, XPS, water contact angle, TGA and TBO titration) and a preliminary biological assay was performed. 24906752 4 12 theme physicochemical 736:750 arg1 methods 752:758 physicochemical methods 736:758 physicochemical methods (ATR-FTIR, XPS, water contact angle, TGA and TBO titration) 736:818 The synthesized composites were characterized by microscopy techniques (SEM and AFM), physicochemical methods (ATR-FTIR, XPS, water contact angle, TGA and TBO titration) and a preliminary biological assay was performed. 24906752 4 12 theme physicochemical 736:750 arg1 techniques 710:719 microscopy techniques 699:719 microscopy techniques (SEM and AFM) 699:733 The synthesized composites were characterized by microscopy techniques (SEM and AFM), physicochemical methods (ATR-FTIR, XPS, water contact angle, TGA and TBO titration) and a preliminary biological assay was performed. 24906752 4 13 dep techniques 710:719 arg1 techniques 710:719 microscopy techniques 699:719 microscopy techniques (SEM and AFM) 699:733 The synthesized composites were characterized by microscopy techniques (SEM and AFM), physicochemical methods (ATR-FTIR, XPS, water contact angle, TGA and TBO titration) and a preliminary biological assay was performed. 24906752 4 13 dep techniques 710:719 arg1 AFM 730:732 AFM 730:732 AFM 730:732 The synthesized composites were characterized by microscopy techniques (SEM and AFM), physicochemical methods (ATR-FTIR, XPS, water contact angle, TGA and TBO titration) and a preliminary biological assay was performed. 24906752 4 13 dep techniques 710:719 arg1 SEM 722:724 SEM 722:724 SEM 722:724 The synthesized composites were characterized by microscopy techniques (SEM and AFM), physicochemical methods (ATR-FTIR, XPS, water contact angle, TGA and TBO titration) and a preliminary biological assay was performed. 24906752 1 14 theme porous 117:122 arg1 PSi 133:135 PSi 133:135 PSi 133:135 One of the main applications of porous silicon (PSi) in biomedicine is drug release, either as a single material or as a part of a composite. 24906752 1 14 theme porous 117:122 arg1 silicon 124:130 porous silicon 117:130 porous silicon (PSi) 117:136 One of the main applications of porous silicon (PSi) in biomedicine is drug release, either as a single material or as a part of a composite. 24906752 4 15 theme TBO 805:807 arg1 titration 809:817 TBO titration 805:817 TBO titration 805:817 The synthesized composites were characterized by microscopy techniques (SEM and AFM), physicochemical methods (ATR-FTIR, XPS, water contact angle, TGA and TBO titration) and a preliminary biological assay was performed. 24906752 4 15 theme TBO 805:807 arg1 ATR-FTIR 761:768 ATR-FTIR 761:768 ATR-FTIR 761:768 The synthesized composites were characterized by microscopy techniques (SEM and AFM), physicochemical methods (ATR-FTIR, XPS, water contact angle, TGA and TBO titration) and a preliminary biological assay was performed. 24906752 5 16 theme different 931:939 arg1 prednisolone 996:1007 prednisolone 996:1007 prednisolone (an anti-inflammatory) 996:1030 Both systems were tested as drug delivery platforms with two different model drugs, namely, ciprofloxacin (an antibiotic) and prednisolone (an anti-inflammatory), in two different media: pure water and PBS solution. 24906752 5 16 theme different 931:939 arg1 drugs 947:951 two different model drugs 927:951 two different model drugs 927:951 Both systems were tested as drug delivery platforms with two different model drugs, namely, ciprofloxacin (an antibiotic) and prednisolone (an anti-inflammatory), in two different media: pure water and PBS solution. 24906752 5 16 theme different 931:939 arg1 ciprofloxacin 962:974 ciprofloxacin 962:974 ciprofloxacin (an antibiotic) 962:990 Both systems were tested as drug delivery platforms with two different model drugs, namely, ciprofloxacin (an antibiotic) and prednisolone (an anti-inflammatory), in two different media: pure water and PBS solution. 24906752 5 17 dep ciprofloxacin 962:974 arg1 antibiotic 980:989 antibiotic 980:989 antibiotic 980:989 Both systems were tested as drug delivery platforms with two different model drugs, namely, ciprofloxacin (an antibiotic) and prednisolone (an anti-inflammatory), in two different media: pure water and PBS solution. 24906752 1 18 theme drug 156:159 arg1 release 161:167 drug release 156:167 drug release 156:167 One of the main applications of porous silicon (PSi) in biomedicine is drug release, either as a single material or as a part of a composite. 24906752 5 19 theme different 1040:1048 arg1 media 1050:1054 two different media 1036:1054 two different media 1036:1054 Both systems were tested as drug delivery platforms with two different model drugs, namely, ciprofloxacin (an antibiotic) and prednisolone (an anti-inflammatory), in two different media: pure water and PBS solution. 24906752 2 20 theme PSi 227:229 arg1 composites 231:240 PSi composites 227:240 PSi composites 227:240 PSi composites are attractive candidates for drug delivery systems because they can display new chemical and physical characteristics, which are not exhibited by the individual constituents alone. 24906752 2 20 theme PSi 227:229 arg1 candidates 257:266 attractive candidates 246:266 attractive candidates for drug delivery systems 246:292 PSi composites are attractive candidates for drug delivery systems because they can display new chemical and physical characteristics, which are not exhibited by the individual constituents alone. 24906752 2 21 theme delivery 277:284 arg1 systems 286:292 drug delivery systems 272:292 drug delivery systems 272:292 PSi composites are attractive candidates for drug delivery systems because they can display new chemical and physical characteristics, which are not exhibited by the individual constituents alone. 24906752 4 22 theme synthesized 654:664 arg1 composites 666:675 The synthesized composites 650:675 The synthesized composites 650:675 The synthesized composites were characterized by microscopy techniques (SEM and AFM), physicochemical methods (ATR-FTIR, XPS, water contact angle, TGA and TBO titration) and a preliminary biological assay was performed. 24906752 0 23 theme Porous 0:5 arg1 silicon-cyclodextrin 7:26 Porous silicon-cyclodextrin 0:26 Porous silicon-cyclodextrin 0:26 Porous silicon-cyclodextrin based polymer composites for drug delivery applications. 24906752 6 24 theme enhanced 1195:1202 arg1 control 1212:1218 enhanced release control 1195:1218 enhanced release control for drug delivery applications than non-functionalized PSi samples 1195:1285 Results show that both kinds of PSi/β-cyclodextrin-citric acid polymer composites, nano- and macro-, provide enhanced release control for drug delivery applications than non-functionalized PSi samples. 24906752 1 25 theme main 96:99 arg1 applications 101:112 the main applications 92:112 the main applications of porous silicon (PSi) in biomedicine 92:151 One of the main applications of porous silicon (PSi) in biomedicine is drug release, either as a single material or as a part of a composite. 24906752 2 26 theme physical 336:343 arg1 characteristics 345:359 new chemical and physical characteristics 319:359 new chemical and physical characteristics 319:359 PSi composites are attractive candidates for drug delivery systems because they can display new chemical and physical characteristics, which are not exhibited by the individual constituents alone. 24906752 2 27 theme individual 393:402 arg1 constituents 404:415 the individual constituents 389:415 the individual constituents alone 389:421 PSi composites are attractive candidates for drug delivery systems because they can display new chemical and physical characteristics, which are not exhibited by the individual constituents alone. 24906752 6 28 theme PSi/β-cyclodextrin-citric 1118:1142 arg1 composites 1157:1166 PSi/β-cyclodextrin-citric acid polymer composites 1118:1166 PSi/β-cyclodextrin-citric acid polymer composites 1118:1166 Results show that both kinds of PSi/β-cyclodextrin-citric acid polymer composites, nano- and macro-, provide enhanced release control for drug delivery applications than non-functionalized PSi samples. 24906752 1 29 theme applications 101:112 arg1 One 85:87 One 85:87 One 85:87 One of the main applications of porous silicon (PSi) in biomedicine is drug release, either as a single material or as a part of a composite. 24906752 1 29 theme applications 101:112 arg1 applications 101:112 the main applications 92:112 the main applications of porous silicon (PSi) in biomedicine 92:151 One of the main applications of porous silicon (PSi) in biomedicine is drug release, either as a single material or as a part of a composite. 24906752 3 30 theme cyclodextrin-based 430:447 arg1 polymers 449:456 cyclodextrin-based polymers 430:456 cyclodextrin-based polymers 430:456 Since cyclodextrin-based polymers have been proven efficient materials for drug delivery, in this work β-cyclodextrin-citric acid in-situ polymerization was used to functionalize two kinds of PSi (nanoporous and macroporous). 24906752 2 31 theme drug 272:275 arg1 systems 286:292 drug delivery systems 272:292 drug delivery systems 272:292 PSi composites are attractive candidates for drug delivery systems because they can display new chemical and physical characteristics, which are not exhibited by the individual constituents alone. 24906752 5 32 theme drug 898:901 arg1 systems 875:881 Both systems 870:881 Both systems 870:881 Both systems were tested as drug delivery platforms with two different model drugs, namely, ciprofloxacin (an antibiotic) and prednisolone (an anti-inflammatory), in two different media: pure water and PBS solution. 24906752 5 32 theme drug 898:901 arg1 platforms 912:920 drug delivery platforms 898:920 drug delivery platforms with two different model drugs, namely, ciprofloxacin (an antibiotic) and prednisolone (an anti-inflammatory) 898:1030 Both systems were tested as drug delivery platforms with two different model drugs, namely, ciprofloxacin (an antibiotic) and prednisolone (an anti-inflammatory), in two different media: pure water and PBS solution. 24906752 5 33 theme delivery 903:910 arg1 systems 875:881 Both systems 870:881 Both systems 870:881 Both systems were tested as drug delivery platforms with two different model drugs, namely, ciprofloxacin (an antibiotic) and prednisolone (an anti-inflammatory), in two different media: pure water and PBS solution. 24906752 5 33 theme delivery 903:910 arg1 platforms 912:920 drug delivery platforms 898:920 drug delivery platforms with two different model drugs, namely, ciprofloxacin (an antibiotic) and prednisolone (an anti-inflammatory) 898:1030 Both systems were tested as drug delivery platforms with two different model drugs, namely, ciprofloxacin (an antibiotic) and prednisolone (an anti-inflammatory), in two different media: pure water and PBS solution. 24906752 3 34 theme acid 549:552 arg1 polymerization 562:575 β-cyclodextrin-citric acid in-situ polymerization 527:575 β-cyclodextrin-citric acid in-situ polymerization 527:575 Since cyclodextrin-based polymers have been proven efficient materials for drug delivery, in this work β-cyclodextrin-citric acid in-situ polymerization was used to functionalize two kinds of PSi (nanoporous and macroporous). 24906752 3 35 theme efficient 475:483 arg1 materials 485:493 efficient materials 475:493 efficient materials for drug delivery 475:511 Since cyclodextrin-based polymers have been proven efficient materials for drug delivery, in this work β-cyclodextrin-citric acid in-situ polymerization was used to functionalize two kinds of PSi (nanoporous and macroporous). 24906752 4 36 dep methods 752:758 arg1 titration 809:817 TBO titration 805:817 TBO titration 805:817 The synthesized composites were characterized by microscopy techniques (SEM and AFM), physicochemical methods (ATR-FTIR, XPS, water contact angle, TGA and TBO titration) and a preliminary biological assay was performed. 24906752 4 36 dep methods 752:758 arg1 angle 790:794 water contact angle 776:794 water contact angle 776:794 The synthesized composites were characterized by microscopy techniques (SEM and AFM), physicochemical methods (ATR-FTIR, XPS, water contact angle, TGA and TBO titration) and a preliminary biological assay was performed. 24906752 4 36 dep methods 752:758 arg1 TGA 797:799 TGA 797:799 TGA 797:799 The synthesized composites were characterized by microscopy techniques (SEM and AFM), physicochemical methods (ATR-FTIR, XPS, water contact angle, TGA and TBO titration) and a preliminary biological assay was performed. 24906752 4 36 dep methods 752:758 arg1 XPS 771:773 XPS 771:773 XPS 771:773 The synthesized composites were characterized by microscopy techniques (SEM and AFM), physicochemical methods (ATR-FTIR, XPS, water contact angle, TGA and TBO titration) and a preliminary biological assay was performed. 24906752 4 36 dep methods 752:758 arg1 ATR-FTIR 761:768 ATR-FTIR 761:768 ATR-FTIR 761:768 The synthesized composites were characterized by microscopy techniques (SEM and AFM), physicochemical methods (ATR-FTIR, XPS, water contact angle, TGA and TBO titration) and a preliminary biological assay was performed. 24906752 1 37 theme single 182:187 arg1 material 189:196 a single material 180:196 a single material 180:196 One of the main applications of porous silicon (PSi) in biomedicine is drug release, either as a single material or as a part of a composite. 24906752 5 38 theme PBS 1072:1074 arg1 solution 1076:1083 PBS solution 1072:1083 PBS solution 1072:1083 Both systems were tested as drug delivery platforms with two different model drugs, namely, ciprofloxacin (an antibiotic) and prednisolone (an anti-inflammatory), in two different media: pure water and PBS solution. 24906752 6 39 theme PSi 1275:1277 arg1 samples 1279:1285 non-functionalized PSi samples 1256:1285 non-functionalized PSi samples 1256:1285 Results show that both kinds of PSi/β-cyclodextrin-citric acid polymer composites, nano- and macro-, provide enhanced release control for drug delivery applications than non-functionalized PSi samples. 24906752 0 40 theme polymer 34:40 arg1 composites 42:51 polymer composites 34:51 polymer composites 34:51 Porous silicon-cyclodextrin based polymer composites for drug delivery applications. 24906752 3 41 dep PSi 616:618 arg1 macroporous 636:646 macroporous 636:646 macroporous 636:646 Since cyclodextrin-based polymers have been proven efficient materials for drug delivery, in this work β-cyclodextrin-citric acid in-situ polymerization was used to functionalize two kinds of PSi (nanoporous and macroporous). 24906752 3 41 dep PSi 616:618 arg1 nanoporous 621:630 nanoporous 621:630 nanoporous 621:630 Since cyclodextrin-based polymers have been proven efficient materials for drug delivery, in this work β-cyclodextrin-citric acid in-situ polymerization was used to functionalize two kinds of PSi (nanoporous and macroporous). 24906752 0 42 theme delivery 62:69 arg1 applications 71:82 drug delivery applications 57:82 drug delivery applications 57:82 Porous silicon-cyclodextrin based polymer composites for drug delivery applications. 24906752 6 43 theme non-functionalized 1256:1273 arg1 samples 1279:1285 non-functionalized PSi samples 1256:1285 non-functionalized PSi samples 1256:1285 Results show that both kinds of PSi/β-cyclodextrin-citric acid polymer composites, nano- and macro-, provide enhanced release control for drug delivery applications than non-functionalized PSi samples. 24906752 3 44 used used 581:584 arg2 polymerization 562:575 β-cyclodextrin-citric acid in-situ polymerization 527:575 β-cyclodextrin-citric acid in-situ polymerization 527:575 Since cyclodextrin-based polymers have been proven efficient materials for drug delivery, in this work β-cyclodextrin-citric acid in-situ polymerization was used to functionalize two kinds of PSi (nanoporous and macroporous). 24906752 0 45 theme drug 57:60 arg1 applications 71:82 drug delivery applications 57:82 drug delivery applications 57:82 Porous silicon-cyclodextrin based polymer composites for drug delivery applications. 24906752 6 46 theme composites 1157:1166 arg1 macro- 1179:1184 macro- 1179:1184 macro- 1179:1184 Results show that both kinds of PSi/β-cyclodextrin-citric acid polymer composites, nano- and macro-, provide enhanced release control for drug delivery applications than non-functionalized PSi samples. 24906752 6 46 theme composites 1157:1166 arg1 nano- 1169:1173 nano- 1169:1173 nano- 1169:1173 Results show that both kinds of PSi/β-cyclodextrin-citric acid polymer composites, nano- and macro-, provide enhanced release control for drug delivery applications than non-functionalized PSi samples. 24906752 6 46 theme composites 1157:1166 arg1 kinds 1109:1113 both kinds 1104:1113 both kinds of PSi/β-cyclodextrin-citric acid polymer composites 1104:1166 Results show that both kinds of PSi/β-cyclodextrin-citric acid polymer composites, nano- and macro-, provide enhanced release control for drug delivery applications than non-functionalized PSi samples. 24906752 1 47 theme silicon 124:130 arg1 applications 101:112 the main applications 92:112 the main applications of porous silicon (PSi) in biomedicine 92:151 One of the main applications of porous silicon (PSi) in biomedicine is drug release, either as a single material or as a part of a composite. 24906752 1 48 from applications 101:112 arg1 biomedicine 141:151 biomedicine 141:151 biomedicine 141:151 One of the main applications of porous silicon (PSi) in biomedicine is drug release, either as a single material or as a part of a composite. 24906752 6 49 theme polymer 1149:1155 arg1 composites 1157:1166 PSi/β-cyclodextrin-citric acid polymer composites 1118:1166 PSi/β-cyclodextrin-citric acid polymer composites 1118:1166 Results show that both kinds of PSi/β-cyclodextrin-citric acid polymer composites, nano- and macro-, provide enhanced release control for drug delivery applications than non-functionalized PSi samples. 24906752 4 50 theme contact 782:788 arg1 angle 790:794 water contact angle 776:794 water contact angle 776:794 The synthesized composites were characterized by microscopy techniques (SEM and AFM), physicochemical methods (ATR-FTIR, XPS, water contact angle, TGA and TBO titration) and a preliminary biological assay was performed. 24906752 4 50 theme contact 782:788 arg1 ATR-FTIR 761:768 ATR-FTIR 761:768 ATR-FTIR 761:768 The synthesized composites were characterized by microscopy techniques (SEM and AFM), physicochemical methods (ATR-FTIR, XPS, water contact angle, TGA and TBO titration) and a preliminary biological assay was performed. 24906752 3 51 theme β-cyclodextrin-citric 527:547 arg1 polymerization 562:575 β-cyclodextrin-citric acid in-situ polymerization 527:575 β-cyclodextrin-citric acid in-situ polymerization 527:575 Since cyclodextrin-based polymers have been proven efficient materials for drug delivery, in this work β-cyclodextrin-citric acid in-situ polymerization was used to functionalize two kinds of PSi (nanoporous and macroporous). 24906752 5 52 theme model 941:945 arg1 prednisolone 996:1007 prednisolone 996:1007 prednisolone (an anti-inflammatory) 996:1030 Both systems were tested as drug delivery platforms with two different model drugs, namely, ciprofloxacin (an antibiotic) and prednisolone (an anti-inflammatory), in two different media: pure water and PBS solution. 24906752 5 52 theme model 941:945 arg1 drugs 947:951 two different model drugs 927:951 two different model drugs 927:951 Both systems were tested as drug delivery platforms with two different model drugs, namely, ciprofloxacin (an antibiotic) and prednisolone (an anti-inflammatory), in two different media: pure water and PBS solution. 24906752 5 52 theme model 941:945 arg1 ciprofloxacin 962:974 ciprofloxacin 962:974 ciprofloxacin (an antibiotic) 962:990 Both systems were tested as drug delivery platforms with two different model drugs, namely, ciprofloxacin (an antibiotic) and prednisolone (an anti-inflammatory), in two different media: pure water and PBS solution. 24906752 3 53 theme PSi 616:618 arg1 kinds 607:611 two kinds 603:611 two kinds of PSi (nanoporous and macroporous) 603:647 Since cyclodextrin-based polymers have been proven efficient materials for drug delivery, in this work β-cyclodextrin-citric acid in-situ polymerization was used to functionalize two kinds of PSi (nanoporous and macroporous). 24906752 5 54 dep tested 888:893 arg1 water 1062:1066 pure water 1057:1066 pure water 1057:1066 Both systems were tested as drug delivery platforms with two different model drugs, namely, ciprofloxacin (an antibiotic) and prednisolone (an anti-inflammatory), in two different media: pure water and PBS solution. 24906752 5 54 dep tested 888:893 arg1 solution 1076:1083 PBS solution 1072:1083 PBS solution 1072:1083 Both systems were tested as drug delivery platforms with two different model drugs, namely, ciprofloxacin (an antibiotic) and prednisolone (an anti-inflammatory), in two different media: pure water and PBS solution. 24906752 4 55 theme water 776:780 arg1 angle 790:794 water contact angle 776:794 water contact angle 776:794 The synthesized composites were characterized by microscopy techniques (SEM and AFM), physicochemical methods (ATR-FTIR, XPS, water contact angle, TGA and TBO titration) and a preliminary biological assay was performed. 24906752 4 55 theme water 776:780 arg1 ATR-FTIR 761:768 ATR-FTIR 761:768 ATR-FTIR 761:768 The synthesized composites were characterized by microscopy techniques (SEM and AFM), physicochemical methods (ATR-FTIR, XPS, water contact angle, TGA and TBO titration) and a preliminary biological assay was performed. 24906752 5 56 with platforms 912:920 arg1 prednisolone 996:1007 prednisolone 996:1007 prednisolone (an anti-inflammatory) 996:1030 Both systems were tested as drug delivery platforms with two different model drugs, namely, ciprofloxacin (an antibiotic) and prednisolone (an anti-inflammatory), in two different media: pure water and PBS solution. 24906752 5 56 with platforms 912:920 arg1 drugs 947:951 two different model drugs 927:951 two different model drugs 927:951 Both systems were tested as drug delivery platforms with two different model drugs, namely, ciprofloxacin (an antibiotic) and prednisolone (an anti-inflammatory), in two different media: pure water and PBS solution. 24906752 5 56 with platforms 912:920 arg1 ciprofloxacin 962:974 ciprofloxacin 962:974 ciprofloxacin (an antibiotic) 962:990 Both systems were tested as drug delivery platforms with two different model drugs, namely, ciprofloxacin (an antibiotic) and prednisolone (an anti-inflammatory), in two different media: pure water and PBS solution. 24906752 3 57 theme drug 499:502 arg1 delivery 504:511 drug delivery 499:511 drug delivery 499:511 Since cyclodextrin-based polymers have been proven efficient materials for drug delivery, in this work β-cyclodextrin-citric acid in-situ polymerization was used to functionalize two kinds of PSi (nanoporous and macroporous). 24906752 2 58 theme chemical 323:330 arg1 characteristics 345:359 new chemical and physical characteristics 319:359 new chemical and physical characteristics 319:359 PSi composites are attractive candidates for drug delivery systems because they can display new chemical and physical characteristics, which are not exhibited by the individual constituents alone. 24906752 4 59 theme microscopy 699:708 arg1 techniques 710:719 microscopy techniques 699:719 microscopy techniques (SEM and AFM) 699:733 The synthesized composites were characterized by microscopy techniques (SEM and AFM), physicochemical methods (ATR-FTIR, XPS, water contact angle, TGA and TBO titration) and a preliminary biological assay was performed. 24906752 4 59 theme microscopy 699:708 arg1 SEM 722:724 SEM 722:724 SEM 722:724 The synthesized composites were characterized by microscopy techniques (SEM and AFM), physicochemical methods (ATR-FTIR, XPS, water contact angle, TGA and TBO titration) and a preliminary biological assay was performed. 24906752 4 59 theme microscopy 699:708 arg1 AFM 730:732 AFM 730:732 AFM 730:732 The synthesized composites were characterized by microscopy techniques (SEM and AFM), physicochemical methods (ATR-FTIR, XPS, water contact angle, TGA and TBO titration) and a preliminary biological assay was performed. 24906752 4 59 theme microscopy 699:708 arg1 methods 752:758 physicochemical methods 736:758 physicochemical methods (ATR-FTIR, XPS, water contact angle, TGA and TBO titration) 736:818 The synthesized composites were characterized by microscopy techniques (SEM and AFM), physicochemical methods (ATR-FTIR, XPS, water contact angle, TGA and TBO titration) and a preliminary biological assay was performed. 25263924 4 0 theme liquid 528:533 arg1 AmimCl 573:578 AmimCl 573:578 AmimCl 573:578 The cellulose microfibrils were found to dissolve in an ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl) to larger extent along with little quantity of undissolved microfibrils. 25263924 4 0 theme liquid 528:533 arg1 chloride 563:570 an ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride 519:570 an ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl) to larger extent 519:596 The cellulose microfibrils were found to dissolve in an ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl) to larger extent along with little quantity of undissolved microfibrils. 25263924 5 1 theme cellulose 707:715 arg1 films 727:731 the self-reinforced regenerated cellulose composite films 675:731 the self-reinforced regenerated cellulose composite films 675:731 Using this solution, the self-reinforced regenerated cellulose composite films were prepared. 25263924 6 2 theme microfibrils 783:794 arg1 films 832:836 The raw fiber, extracted cellulose microfibrils and regenerated cellulose composite films 748:836 The raw fiber, extracted cellulose microfibrils and regenerated cellulose composite films 748:836 The raw fiber, extracted cellulose microfibrils and regenerated cellulose composite films were characterized by FTIR, (13)C CP-MAS NMR, XRD, TGA and SEM techniques. 25263924 7 3 theme tensile 925:931 arg1 MPa 1045:1047 135 MPa 1041:1047 135 MPa 1041:1047 The average tensile strength, modulus and elongation at break of the self-reinforced cellulose composite films were found to be 135 MPa, 8150 MPa and 3.2%, respectively. 25263924 7 3 theme tensile 925:931 arg1 strength 933:940 The average tensile strength 913:940 The average tensile strength 913:940 The average tensile strength, modulus and elongation at break of the self-reinforced cellulose composite films were found to be 135 MPa, 8150 MPa and 3.2%, respectively. 25263924 5 4 theme composite 717:725 arg1 films 727:731 the self-reinforced regenerated cellulose composite films 675:731 the self-reinforced regenerated cellulose composite films 675:731 Using this solution, the self-reinforced regenerated cellulose composite films were prepared. 25263924 6 5 theme CP-MAS 872:877 arg1 NMR 879:881 (13)C CP-MAS NMR 866:881 (13)C CP-MAS NMR 866:881 The raw fiber, extracted cellulose microfibrils and regenerated cellulose composite films were characterized by FTIR, (13)C CP-MAS NMR, XRD, TGA and SEM techniques. 25263924 1 6 theme microfibrils 164:175 arg1 applications 123:134 The applications 119:134 The applications of natural fibers and their microfibrils 119:175 The applications of natural fibers and their microfibrils are increasing rapidly due to their environment benefits, specific strength properties and renewability. 25263924 1 6 theme microfibrils 164:175 arg1 benefits 225:232 increasing rapidly due to their environment benefits 181:232 increasing rapidly due to their environment benefits 181:232 The applications of natural fibers and their microfibrils are increasing rapidly due to their environment benefits, specific strength properties and renewability. 25263924 9 7 theme composite 1262:1270 arg1 films 1272:1276 These self-reinforced cellulose biodegradable composite films 1216:1276 These self-reinforced cellulose biodegradable composite films prepared from renewable source 1216:1307 These self-reinforced cellulose biodegradable composite films prepared from renewable source can find applications in packaging field. 25263924 8 8 from self-reinforcement 1154:1171 arg1 matrix 1208:1213 their generated matrix 1192:1213 their generated matrix 1192:1213 The high values of tensile strength and modulus were attributed to the self-reinforcement of Agave fibers in their generated matrix. 25263924 7 9 theme composite 1008:1016 arg1 films 1018:1022 the self-reinforced cellulose composite films 978:1022 the self-reinforced cellulose composite films 978:1022 The average tensile strength, modulus and elongation at break of the self-reinforced cellulose composite films were found to be 135 MPa, 8150 MPa and 3.2%, respectively. 25263924 6 10 theme SEM 897:899 arg1 techniques 901:910 FTIR, (13)C CP-MAS NMR, XRD, TGA and SEM techniques 860:910 FTIR, (13)C CP-MAS NMR, XRD, TGA and SEM techniques 860:910 The raw fiber, extracted cellulose microfibrils and regenerated cellulose composite films were characterized by FTIR, (13)C CP-MAS NMR, XRD, TGA and SEM techniques. 25263924 4 11 theme microfibrils 640:651 arg1 quantity 616:623 little quantity 609:623 little quantity of undissolved microfibrils 609:651 The cellulose microfibrils were found to dissolve in an ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl) to larger extent along with little quantity of undissolved microfibrils. 25263924 6 12 theme cellulose 773:781 arg1 microfibrils 783:794 extracted cellulose microfibrils 763:794 extracted cellulose microfibrils 763:794 The raw fiber, extracted cellulose microfibrils and regenerated cellulose composite films were characterized by FTIR, (13)C CP-MAS NMR, XRD, TGA and SEM techniques. 25263924 4 13 theme undissolved 628:638 arg1 microfibrils 640:651 undissolved microfibrils 628:651 undissolved microfibrils 628:651 The cellulose microfibrils were found to dissolve in an ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl) to larger extent along with little quantity of undissolved microfibrils. 25263924 8 14 theme fibers 1182:1187 arg1 self-reinforcement 1154:1171 the self-reinforcement 1150:1171 the self-reinforcement of Agave fibers in their generated matrix 1150:1213 The high values of tensile strength and modulus were attributed to the self-reinforcement of Agave fibers in their generated matrix. 25263924 7 15 theme self-reinforced 982:996 arg1 films 1018:1022 the self-reinforced cellulose composite films 978:1022 the self-reinforced cellulose composite films 978:1022 The average tensile strength, modulus and elongation at break of the self-reinforced cellulose composite films were found to be 135 MPa, 8150 MPa and 3.2%, respectively. 25263924 2 16 theme present 289:295 arg1 work 297:300 the present work 285:300 the present work 285:300 In the present work, we successfully extracted cellulose microfibrils from Agave natural fibers by chemical method. 25263924 6 17 theme extracted 763:771 arg1 microfibrils 783:794 extracted cellulose microfibrils 763:794 extracted cellulose microfibrils 763:794 The raw fiber, extracted cellulose microfibrils and regenerated cellulose composite films were characterized by FTIR, (13)C CP-MAS NMR, XRD, TGA and SEM techniques. 25263924 8 18 theme Agave 1176:1180 arg1 fibers 1182:1187 Agave fibers 1176:1187 Agave fibers 1176:1187 The high values of tensile strength and modulus were attributed to the self-reinforcement of Agave fibers in their generated matrix. 25263924 4 19 theme ionic 522:526 arg1 AmimCl 573:578 AmimCl 573:578 AmimCl 573:578 The cellulose microfibrils were found to dissolve in an ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl) to larger extent along with little quantity of undissolved microfibrils. 25263924 4 19 theme ionic 522:526 arg1 chloride 563:570 an ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride 519:570 an ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl) to larger extent 519:596 The cellulose microfibrils were found to dissolve in an ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl) to larger extent along with little quantity of undissolved microfibrils. 25263924 1 20 theme increasing 181:190 arg1 applications 123:134 The applications 119:134 The applications of natural fibers and their microfibrils 119:175 The applications of natural fibers and their microfibrils are increasing rapidly due to their environment benefits, specific strength properties and renewability. 25263924 1 20 theme increasing 181:190 arg1 benefits 225:232 increasing rapidly due to their environment benefits 181:232 increasing rapidly due to their environment benefits 181:232 The applications of natural fibers and their microfibrils are increasing rapidly due to their environment benefits, specific strength properties and renewability. 25263924 3 21 theme extracted 402:410 arg1 microfibrils 412:423 The extracted microfibrils 398:423 The extracted microfibrils 398:423 The extracted microfibrils were characterized by chemical analysis. 25263924 5 22 theme self-reinforced 679:693 arg1 films 727:731 the self-reinforced regenerated cellulose composite films 675:731 the self-reinforced regenerated cellulose composite films 675:731 Using this solution, the self-reinforced regenerated cellulose composite films were prepared. 25263924 9 23 theme packaging 1334:1342 arg1 field 1344:1348 packaging field 1334:1348 packaging field 1334:1348 These self-reinforced cellulose biodegradable composite films prepared from renewable source can find applications in packaging field. 25263924 2 24 theme cellulose 329:337 arg1 microfibrils 339:350 cellulose microfibrils 329:350 cellulose microfibrils 329:350 In the present work, we successfully extracted cellulose microfibrils from Agave natural fibers by chemical method. 25263924 6 25 theme fiber 756:760 arg1 films 832:836 The raw fiber, extracted cellulose microfibrils and regenerated cellulose composite films 748:836 The raw fiber, extracted cellulose microfibrils and regenerated cellulose composite films 748:836 The raw fiber, extracted cellulose microfibrils and regenerated cellulose composite films were characterized by FTIR, (13)C CP-MAS NMR, XRD, TGA and SEM techniques. 25263924 5 26 theme regenerated 695:705 arg1 films 727:731 the self-reinforced regenerated cellulose composite films 675:731 the self-reinforced regenerated cellulose composite films 675:731 Using this solution, the self-reinforced regenerated cellulose composite films were prepared. 25263924 6 27 theme FTIR 860:863 arg1 techniques 901:910 FTIR, (13)C CP-MAS NMR, XRD, TGA and SEM techniques 860:910 FTIR, (13)C CP-MAS NMR, XRD, TGA and SEM techniques 860:910 The raw fiber, extracted cellulose microfibrils and regenerated cellulose composite films were characterized by FTIR, (13)C CP-MAS NMR, XRD, TGA and SEM techniques. 25263924 6 28 theme raw 752:754 arg1 fiber 756:760 raw fiber 752:760 raw fiber 752:760 The raw fiber, extracted cellulose microfibrils and regenerated cellulose composite films were characterized by FTIR, (13)C CP-MAS NMR, XRD, TGA and SEM techniques. 25263924 1 29 theme due 200:202 arg1 applications 123:134 The applications 119:134 The applications of natural fibers and their microfibrils 119:175 The applications of natural fibers and their microfibrils are increasing rapidly due to their environment benefits, specific strength properties and renewability. 25263924 1 29 theme due 200:202 arg1 benefits 225:232 increasing rapidly due to their environment benefits 181:232 increasing rapidly due to their environment benefits 181:232 The applications of natural fibers and their microfibrils are increasing rapidly due to their environment benefits, specific strength properties and renewability. 25263924 9 30 theme self-reinforced 1222:1236 arg1 films 1272:1276 These self-reinforced cellulose biodegradable composite films 1216:1276 These self-reinforced cellulose biodegradable composite films prepared from renewable source 1216:1307 These self-reinforced cellulose biodegradable composite films prepared from renewable source can find applications in packaging field. 25263924 8 31 theme high 1087:1090 arg1 values 1092:1097 The high values 1083:1097 The high values of tensile strength and modulus 1083:1129 The high values of tensile strength and modulus were attributed to the self-reinforcement of Agave fibers in their generated matrix. 25263924 9 32 theme cellulose 1238:1246 arg1 films 1272:1276 These self-reinforced cellulose biodegradable composite films 1216:1276 These self-reinforced cellulose biodegradable composite films prepared from renewable source 1216:1307 These self-reinforced cellulose biodegradable composite films prepared from renewable source can find applications in packaging field. 25263924 7 33 theme cellulose 998:1006 arg1 films 1018:1022 the self-reinforced cellulose composite films 978:1022 the self-reinforced cellulose composite films 978:1022 The average tensile strength, modulus and elongation at break of the self-reinforced cellulose composite films were found to be 135 MPa, 8150 MPa and 3.2%, respectively. 25263924 8 34 theme generated 1198:1206 arg1 matrix 1208:1213 their generated matrix 1192:1213 their generated matrix 1192:1213 The high values of tensile strength and modulus were attributed to the self-reinforcement of Agave fibers in their generated matrix. 25263924 4 35 theme little 609:614 arg1 quantity 616:623 little quantity 609:623 little quantity of undissolved microfibrils 609:651 The cellulose microfibrils were found to dissolve in an ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl) to larger extent along with little quantity of undissolved microfibrils. 25263924 9 36 theme biodegradable 1248:1260 arg1 films 1272:1276 These self-reinforced cellulose biodegradable composite films 1216:1276 These self-reinforced cellulose biodegradable composite films prepared from renewable source 1216:1307 These self-reinforced cellulose biodegradable composite films prepared from renewable source can find applications in packaging field. 25263924 0 37 theme cellulose 46:54 arg1 films 66:70 self-reinforced cellulose composite films 30:70 self-reinforced cellulose composite films 30:70 Preparation and properties of self-reinforced cellulose composite films from Agave microfibrils using an ionic liquid. 25263924 0 38 from microfibrils 83:94 arg1 properties 16:25 properties 16:25 properties 16:25 Preparation and properties of self-reinforced cellulose composite films from Agave microfibrils using an ionic liquid. 25263924 0 38 from microfibrils 83:94 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and properties of self-reinforced cellulose composite films from Agave microfibrils using an ionic liquid. 25263924 3 39 theme chemical 447:454 arg1 analysis 456:463 chemical analysis 447:463 chemical analysis 447:463 The extracted microfibrils were characterized by chemical analysis. 25263924 0 40 theme self-reinforced 30:44 arg1 films 66:70 self-reinforced cellulose composite films 30:70 self-reinforced cellulose composite films 30:70 Preparation and properties of self-reinforced cellulose composite films from Agave microfibrils using an ionic liquid. 25263924 0 41 theme films 66:70 arg1 properties 16:25 properties 16:25 properties 16:25 Preparation and properties of self-reinforced cellulose composite films from Agave microfibrils using an ionic liquid. 25263924 0 41 theme films 66:70 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and properties of self-reinforced cellulose composite films from Agave microfibrils using an ionic liquid. 25263924 8 42 theme strength 1110:1117 arg1 values 1092:1097 The high values 1083:1097 The high values of tensile strength and modulus 1083:1129 The high values of tensile strength and modulus were attributed to the self-reinforcement of Agave fibers in their generated matrix. 25263924 6 43 theme TGA 889:891 arg1 techniques 901:910 FTIR, (13)C CP-MAS NMR, XRD, TGA and SEM techniques 860:910 FTIR, (13)C CP-MAS NMR, XRD, TGA and SEM techniques 860:910 The raw fiber, extracted cellulose microfibrils and regenerated cellulose composite films were characterized by FTIR, (13)C CP-MAS NMR, XRD, TGA and SEM techniques. 25263924 2 44 theme natural 363:369 arg1 fibers 371:376 Agave natural fibers 357:376 Agave natural fibers 357:376 In the present work, we successfully extracted cellulose microfibrils from Agave natural fibers by chemical method. 25263924 0 45 theme composite 56:64 arg1 films 66:70 self-reinforced cellulose composite films 30:70 self-reinforced cellulose composite films 30:70 Preparation and properties of self-reinforced cellulose composite films from Agave microfibrils using an ionic liquid. 25263924 4 46 theme larger 584:589 arg1 extent 591:596 larger extent 584:596 larger extent 584:596 The cellulose microfibrils were found to dissolve in an ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl) to larger extent along with little quantity of undissolved microfibrils. 25263924 8 47 theme tensile 1102:1108 arg1 strength 1110:1117 tensile strength 1102:1117 tensile strength 1102:1117 The high values of tensile strength and modulus were attributed to the self-reinforcement of Agave fibers in their generated matrix. 25263924 9 48 theme renewable 1292:1300 arg1 source 1302:1307 renewable source 1292:1307 renewable source 1292:1307 These self-reinforced cellulose biodegradable composite films prepared from renewable source can find applications in packaging field. 25263924 2 49 theme Agave 357:361 arg1 fibers 371:376 Agave natural fibers 357:376 Agave natural fibers 357:376 In the present work, we successfully extracted cellulose microfibrils from Agave natural fibers by chemical method. 25263924 8 50 theme modulus 1123:1129 arg1 values 1092:1097 The high values 1083:1097 The high values of tensile strength and modulus 1083:1129 The high values of tensile strength and modulus were attributed to the self-reinforcement of Agave fibers in their generated matrix. 25263924 6 51 theme XRD 884:886 arg1 techniques 901:910 FTIR, (13)C CP-MAS NMR, XRD, TGA and SEM techniques 860:910 FTIR, (13)C CP-MAS NMR, XRD, TGA and SEM techniques 860:910 The raw fiber, extracted cellulose microfibrils and regenerated cellulose composite films were characterized by FTIR, (13)C CP-MAS NMR, XRD, TGA and SEM techniques. 25263924 6 52 theme C 870:870 arg1 NMR 879:881 (13)C CP-MAS NMR 866:881 (13)C CP-MAS NMR 866:881 The raw fiber, extracted cellulose microfibrils and regenerated cellulose composite films were characterized by FTIR, (13)C CP-MAS NMR, XRD, TGA and SEM techniques. 25263924 7 53 from break 969:973 arg1 MPa 1045:1047 135 MPa 1041:1047 135 MPa 1041:1047 The average tensile strength, modulus and elongation at break of the self-reinforced cellulose composite films were found to be 135 MPa, 8150 MPa and 3.2%, respectively. 25263924 7 53 from break 969:973 arg1 elongation 955:964 elongation 955:964 elongation 955:964 The average tensile strength, modulus and elongation at break of the self-reinforced cellulose composite films were found to be 135 MPa, 8150 MPa and 3.2%, respectively. 25263924 7 53 from break 969:973 arg1 modulus 943:949 modulus 943:949 modulus 943:949 The average tensile strength, modulus and elongation at break of the self-reinforced cellulose composite films were found to be 135 MPa, 8150 MPa and 3.2%, respectively. 25263924 7 53 from break 969:973 arg1 strength 933:940 The average tensile strength 913:940 The average tensile strength 913:940 The average tensile strength, modulus and elongation at break of the self-reinforced cellulose composite films were found to be 135 MPa, 8150 MPa and 3.2%, respectively. 25263924 9 54 from applications 1318:1329 arg1 field 1344:1348 packaging field 1334:1348 packaging field 1334:1348 These self-reinforced cellulose biodegradable composite films prepared from renewable source can find applications in packaging field. 25263924 6 55 theme composite 822:830 arg1 films 832:836 The raw fiber, extracted cellulose microfibrils and regenerated cellulose composite films 748:836 The raw fiber, extracted cellulose microfibrils and regenerated cellulose composite films 748:836 The raw fiber, extracted cellulose microfibrils and regenerated cellulose composite films were characterized by FTIR, (13)C CP-MAS NMR, XRD, TGA and SEM techniques. 25263924 4 56 theme cellulose 470:478 arg1 microfibrils 480:491 The cellulose microfibrils 466:491 The cellulose microfibrils 466:491 The cellulose microfibrils were found to dissolve in an ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl) to larger extent along with little quantity of undissolved microfibrils. 25263924 6 57 theme cellulose 812:820 arg1 composite 822:830 regenerated cellulose composite 800:830 regenerated cellulose composite 800:830 The raw fiber, extracted cellulose microfibrils and regenerated cellulose composite films were characterized by FTIR, (13)C CP-MAS NMR, XRD, TGA and SEM techniques. 25263924 1 58 theme natural 139:145 arg1 fibers 147:152 natural fibers 139:152 natural fibers 139:152 The applications of natural fibers and their microfibrils are increasing rapidly due to their environment benefits, specific strength properties and renewability. 25263924 1 59 theme specific 235:242 arg1 properties 253:262 specific strength properties 235:262 specific strength properties 235:262 The applications of natural fibers and their microfibrils are increasing rapidly due to their environment benefits, specific strength properties and renewability. 25263924 0 60 theme Agave 77:81 arg1 microfibrils 83:94 Agave microfibrils 77:94 Agave microfibrils using an ionic liquid 77:116 Preparation and properties of self-reinforced cellulose composite films from Agave microfibrils using an ionic liquid. 25263924 6 61 theme NMR 879:881 arg1 techniques 901:910 FTIR, (13)C CP-MAS NMR, XRD, TGA and SEM techniques 860:910 FTIR, (13)C CP-MAS NMR, XRD, TGA and SEM techniques 860:910 The raw fiber, extracted cellulose microfibrils and regenerated cellulose composite films were characterized by FTIR, (13)C CP-MAS NMR, XRD, TGA and SEM techniques. 25263924 6 62 theme regenerated 800:810 arg1 composite 822:830 regenerated cellulose composite 800:830 regenerated cellulose composite 800:830 The raw fiber, extracted cellulose microfibrils and regenerated cellulose composite films were characterized by FTIR, (13)C CP-MAS NMR, XRD, TGA and SEM techniques. 25263924 1 63 theme fibers 147:152 arg1 applications 123:134 The applications 119:134 The applications of natural fibers and their microfibrils 119:175 The applications of natural fibers and their microfibrils are increasing rapidly due to their environment benefits, specific strength properties and renewability. 25263924 1 63 theme fibers 147:152 arg1 benefits 225:232 increasing rapidly due to their environment benefits 181:232 increasing rapidly due to their environment benefits 181:232 The applications of natural fibers and their microfibrils are increasing rapidly due to their environment benefits, specific strength properties and renewability. 25263924 1 64 theme strength 244:251 arg1 properties 253:262 specific strength properties 235:262 specific strength properties 235:262 The applications of natural fibers and their microfibrils are increasing rapidly due to their environment benefits, specific strength properties and renewability. 25263924 4 65 theme 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium 535:561 arg1 AmimCl 573:578 AmimCl 573:578 AmimCl 573:578 The cellulose microfibrils were found to dissolve in an ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl) to larger extent along with little quantity of undissolved microfibrils. 25263924 4 65 theme 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium 535:561 arg1 chloride 563:570 an ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride 519:570 an ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl) to larger extent 519:596 The cellulose microfibrils were found to dissolve in an ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl) to larger extent along with little quantity of undissolved microfibrils. 25263924 7 66 theme films 1018:1022 arg1 MPa 1045:1047 135 MPa 1041:1047 135 MPa 1041:1047 The average tensile strength, modulus and elongation at break of the self-reinforced cellulose composite films were found to be 135 MPa, 8150 MPa and 3.2%, respectively. 25263924 7 66 theme films 1018:1022 arg1 elongation 955:964 elongation 955:964 elongation 955:964 The average tensile strength, modulus and elongation at break of the self-reinforced cellulose composite films were found to be 135 MPa, 8150 MPa and 3.2%, respectively. 25263924 7 66 theme films 1018:1022 arg1 modulus 943:949 modulus 943:949 modulus 943:949 The average tensile strength, modulus and elongation at break of the self-reinforced cellulose composite films were found to be 135 MPa, 8150 MPa and 3.2%, respectively. 25263924 7 66 theme films 1018:1022 arg1 strength 933:940 The average tensile strength 913:940 The average tensile strength 913:940 The average tensile strength, modulus and elongation at break of the self-reinforced cellulose composite films were found to be 135 MPa, 8150 MPa and 3.2%, respectively. 25263924 2 67 theme chemical 381:388 arg1 method 390:395 chemical method 381:395 chemical method 381:395 In the present work, we successfully extracted cellulose microfibrils from Agave natural fibers by chemical method. 25263924 7 68 theme average 917:923 arg1 MPa 1045:1047 135 MPa 1041:1047 135 MPa 1041:1047 The average tensile strength, modulus and elongation at break of the self-reinforced cellulose composite films were found to be 135 MPa, 8150 MPa and 3.2%, respectively. 25263924 7 68 theme average 917:923 arg1 strength 933:940 The average tensile strength 913:940 The average tensile strength 913:940 The average tensile strength, modulus and elongation at break of the self-reinforced cellulose composite films were found to be 135 MPa, 8150 MPa and 3.2%, respectively. 26086563 1 0 theme toxic 356:360 arg1 agent 375:379 any toxic crosslinking agent 352:379 any toxic crosslinking agent 352:379 By covalently linking dialdehyde starch and amine functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticle, and modifying with aminothiourea functional group, the novel monodisperse nano-composite has been successfully synthesized without any toxic crosslinking agent. 26086563 3 1 theme strong 864:869 arg1 kind 625:628 the new kind 617:628 the new kind of low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent with the excellent monodispersity in aqueous phase 617:730 As the new kind of low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent with the excellent monodispersity in aqueous phase, the obtained nano-composite has shown not only the good adsorption capacity for Hg(II) on high initial concentration, but also the strong removal ability on low concentration. 26086563 3 1 theme strong 864:869 arg1 ability 879:885 the strong removal ability 860:885 the strong removal ability 860:885 As the new kind of low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent with the excellent monodispersity in aqueous phase, the obtained nano-composite has shown not only the good adsorption capacity for Hg(II) on high initial concentration, but also the strong removal ability on low concentration. 26086563 3 1 theme strong 864:869 arg1 capacity 800:807 the good adsorption capacity 780:807 the good adsorption capacity for Hg(II) on high initial concentration 780:848 As the new kind of low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent with the excellent monodispersity in aqueous phase, the obtained nano-composite has shown not only the good adsorption capacity for Hg(II) on high initial concentration, but also the strong removal ability on low concentration. 26086563 1 2 theme functional 254:263 arg1 group 265:269 aminothiourea functional group 240:269 aminothiourea functional group 240:269 By covalently linking dialdehyde starch and amine functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticle, and modifying with aminothiourea functional group, the novel monodisperse nano-composite has been successfully synthesized without any toxic crosslinking agent. 26086563 3 3 from ability 879:885 arg1 concentration 836:848 high initial concentration 823:848 high initial concentration 823:848 As the new kind of low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent with the excellent monodispersity in aqueous phase, the obtained nano-composite has shown not only the good adsorption capacity for Hg(II) on high initial concentration, but also the strong removal ability on low concentration. 26086563 1 4 theme crosslinking 362:373 arg1 agent 375:379 any toxic crosslinking agent 352:379 any toxic crosslinking agent 352:379 By covalently linking dialdehyde starch and amine functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticle, and modifying with aminothiourea functional group, the novel monodisperse nano-composite has been successfully synthesized without any toxic crosslinking agent. 26086563 4 5 theme nano-composite 1026:1039 arg1 solution 980:987 solution 980:987 solution 980:987 Moreover, the unique selectivity for Hg(II) among the mixed metal ions solution and good regeneration performance of nano-composite has also been demonstrated by batch experiments. 26086563 4 5 theme nano-composite 1026:1039 arg1 performance 1011:1021 good regeneration performance 993:1021 good regeneration performance of nano-composite 993:1039 Moreover, the unique selectivity for Hg(II) among the mixed metal ions solution and good regeneration performance of nano-composite has also been demonstrated by batch experiments. 26086563 4 5 theme nano-composite 1026:1039 arg1 ions 975:978 the mixed metal ions solution and good regeneration performance of nano-composite 959:1039 the mixed metal ions solution and good regeneration performance of nano-composite 959:1039 Moreover, the unique selectivity for Hg(II) among the mixed metal ions solution and good regeneration performance of nano-composite has also been demonstrated by batch experiments. 26086563 0 6 theme effective 106:114 arg1 recovery 116:123 highly effective recovery 99:123 highly effective recovery of Hg(II) 99:133 Facile synthesis of monodisperse functional magnetic dialdehyde starch nano-composite and used for highly effective recovery of Hg(II). 26086563 3 7 theme excellent 690:698 arg1 monodispersity 700:713 the excellent monodispersity 686:713 the excellent monodispersity in aqueous phase 686:730 As the new kind of low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent with the excellent monodispersity in aqueous phase, the obtained nano-composite has shown not only the good adsorption capacity for Hg(II) on high initial concentration, but also the strong removal ability on low concentration. 26086563 2 8 theme X-ray 529:533 arg1 XRD 548:550 XRD 548:550 XRD 548:550 The resulting nano-composite was characterized by means of the Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 26086563 2 8 theme X-ray 529:533 arg1 diffraction 535:545 X-ray diffraction 529:545 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 529:551 The resulting nano-composite was characterized by means of the Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 26086563 2 8 theme X-ray 529:533 arg1 spectra 472:478 infrared spectra 463:478 infrared spectra (FT-IR) 463:486 The resulting nano-composite was characterized by means of the Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 26086563 4 9 theme regeneration 998:1009 arg1 performance 1011:1021 good regeneration performance 993:1021 good regeneration performance of nano-composite 993:1039 Moreover, the unique selectivity for Hg(II) among the mixed metal ions solution and good regeneration performance of nano-composite has also been demonstrated by batch experiments. 26086563 4 9 theme regeneration 998:1009 arg1 ions 975:978 the mixed metal ions solution and good regeneration performance of nano-composite 959:1039 the mixed metal ions solution and good regeneration performance of nano-composite 959:1039 Moreover, the unique selectivity for Hg(II) among the mixed metal ions solution and good regeneration performance of nano-composite has also been demonstrated by batch experiments. 26086563 3 10 theme low 890:892 arg1 concentration 894:906 low concentration 890:906 low concentration 890:906 As the new kind of low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent with the excellent monodispersity in aqueous phase, the obtained nano-composite has shown not only the good adsorption capacity for Hg(II) on high initial concentration, but also the strong removal ability on low concentration. 26086563 1 11 theme dialdehyde 158:167 arg1 starch 169:174 dialdehyde starch 158:174 dialdehyde starch 158:174 By covalently linking dialdehyde starch and amine functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticle, and modifying with aminothiourea functional group, the novel monodisperse nano-composite has been successfully synthesized without any toxic crosslinking agent. 26086563 4 12 theme mixed 963:967 arg1 solution 980:987 solution 980:987 solution 980:987 Moreover, the unique selectivity for Hg(II) among the mixed metal ions solution and good regeneration performance of nano-composite has also been demonstrated by batch experiments. 26086563 4 12 theme mixed 963:967 arg1 performance 1011:1021 good regeneration performance 993:1021 good regeneration performance of nano-composite 993:1039 Moreover, the unique selectivity for Hg(II) among the mixed metal ions solution and good regeneration performance of nano-composite has also been demonstrated by batch experiments. 26086563 4 12 theme mixed 963:967 arg1 ions 975:978 the mixed metal ions solution and good regeneration performance of nano-composite 959:1039 the mixed metal ions solution and good regeneration performance of nano-composite 959:1039 Moreover, the unique selectivity for Hg(II) among the mixed metal ions solution and good regeneration performance of nano-composite has also been demonstrated by batch experiments. 26086563 3 13 theme aqueous 718:724 arg1 phase 726:730 aqueous phase 718:730 aqueous phase 718:730 As the new kind of low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent with the excellent monodispersity in aqueous phase, the obtained nano-composite has shown not only the good adsorption capacity for Hg(II) on high initial concentration, but also the strong removal ability on low concentration. 26086563 2 14 theme electron 502:509 arg1 TEM 523:525 TEM 523:525 TEM 523:525 The resulting nano-composite was characterized by means of the Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 26086563 2 14 theme electron 502:509 arg1 microscope 511:520 transmission electron microscope 489:520 transmission electron microscope (TEM) 489:526 The resulting nano-composite was characterized by means of the Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 26086563 2 14 theme electron 502:509 arg1 spectra 472:478 infrared spectra 463:478 infrared spectra (FT-IR) 463:486 The resulting nano-composite was characterized by means of the Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 26086563 3 15 theme removal 871:877 arg1 kind 625:628 the new kind 617:628 the new kind of low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent with the excellent monodispersity in aqueous phase 617:730 As the new kind of low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent with the excellent monodispersity in aqueous phase, the obtained nano-composite has shown not only the good adsorption capacity for Hg(II) on high initial concentration, but also the strong removal ability on low concentration. 26086563 3 15 theme removal 871:877 arg1 ability 879:885 the strong removal ability 860:885 the strong removal ability 860:885 As the new kind of low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent with the excellent monodispersity in aqueous phase, the obtained nano-composite has shown not only the good adsorption capacity for Hg(II) on high initial concentration, but also the strong removal ability on low concentration. 26086563 3 15 theme removal 871:877 arg1 capacity 800:807 the good adsorption capacity 780:807 the good adsorption capacity for Hg(II) on high initial concentration 780:848 As the new kind of low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent with the excellent monodispersity in aqueous phase, the obtained nano-composite has shown not only the good adsorption capacity for Hg(II) on high initial concentration, but also the strong removal ability on low concentration. 26086563 4 16 theme unique 923:928 arg1 selectivity 930:940 the unique selectivity 919:940 the unique selectivity for Hg(II) among the mixed metal ions solution and good regeneration performance of nano-composite 919:1039 Moreover, the unique selectivity for Hg(II) among the mixed metal ions solution and good regeneration performance of nano-composite has also been demonstrated by batch experiments. 26086563 3 17 from capacity 800:807 arg1 concentration 836:848 high initial concentration 823:848 high initial concentration 823:848 As the new kind of low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent with the excellent monodispersity in aqueous phase, the obtained nano-composite has shown not only the good adsorption capacity for Hg(II) on high initial concentration, but also the strong removal ability on low concentration. 26086563 0 18 theme Facile 0:5 arg1 synthesis 7:15 Facile synthesis 0:15 Facile synthesis of monodisperse functional magnetic dialdehyde starch nano-composite 0:84 Facile synthesis of monodisperse functional magnetic dialdehyde starch nano-composite and used for highly effective recovery of Hg(II). 26086563 1 19 theme novel 276:280 arg1 nano-composite 295:308 the novel monodisperse nano-composite 272:308 the novel monodisperse nano-composite 272:308 By covalently linking dialdehyde starch and amine functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticle, and modifying with aminothiourea functional group, the novel monodisperse nano-composite has been successfully synthesized without any toxic crosslinking agent. 26086563 4 20 dep ions 975:978 arg1 solution 980:987 solution 980:987 solution 980:987 Moreover, the unique selectivity for Hg(II) among the mixed metal ions solution and good regeneration performance of nano-composite has also been demonstrated by batch experiments. 26086563 4 20 dep ions 975:978 arg1 performance 1011:1021 good regeneration performance 993:1021 good regeneration performance of nano-composite 993:1039 Moreover, the unique selectivity for Hg(II) among the mixed metal ions solution and good regeneration performance of nano-composite has also been demonstrated by batch experiments. 26086563 4 20 dep ions 975:978 arg1 ions 975:978 the mixed metal ions solution and good regeneration performance of nano-composite 959:1039 the mixed metal ions solution and good regeneration performance of nano-composite 959:1039 Moreover, the unique selectivity for Hg(II) among the mixed metal ions solution and good regeneration performance of nano-composite has also been demonstrated by batch experiments. 26086563 4 21 theme metal 969:973 arg1 solution 980:987 solution 980:987 solution 980:987 Moreover, the unique selectivity for Hg(II) among the mixed metal ions solution and good regeneration performance of nano-composite has also been demonstrated by batch experiments. 26086563 4 21 theme metal 969:973 arg1 performance 1011:1021 good regeneration performance 993:1021 good regeneration performance of nano-composite 993:1039 Moreover, the unique selectivity for Hg(II) among the mixed metal ions solution and good regeneration performance of nano-composite has also been demonstrated by batch experiments. 26086563 4 21 theme metal 969:973 arg1 ions 975:978 the mixed metal ions solution and good regeneration performance of nano-composite 959:1039 the mixed metal ions solution and good regeneration performance of nano-composite 959:1039 Moreover, the unique selectivity for Hg(II) among the mixed metal ions solution and good regeneration performance of nano-composite has also been demonstrated by batch experiments. 26086563 4 22 theme batch 1071:1075 arg1 experiments 1077:1087 batch experiments 1071:1087 batch experiments 1071:1087 Moreover, the unique selectivity for Hg(II) among the mixed metal ions solution and good regeneration performance of nano-composite has also been demonstrated by batch experiments. 26086563 1 23 theme amine 180:184 arg1 nanoparticle 207:218 amine functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticle 180:218 amine functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticle 180:218 By covalently linking dialdehyde starch and amine functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticle, and modifying with aminothiourea functional group, the novel monodisperse nano-composite has been successfully synthesized without any toxic crosslinking agent. 26086563 0 24 theme monodisperse 20:31 arg1 nano-composite 71:84 monodisperse functional magnetic dialdehyde starch nano-composite 20:84 monodisperse functional magnetic dialdehyde starch nano-composite 20:84 Facile synthesis of monodisperse functional magnetic dialdehyde starch nano-composite and used for highly effective recovery of Hg(II). 26086563 1 25 theme monodisperse 282:293 arg1 nano-composite 295:308 the novel monodisperse nano-composite 272:308 the novel monodisperse nano-composite 272:308 By covalently linking dialdehyde starch and amine functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticle, and modifying with aminothiourea functional group, the novel monodisperse nano-composite has been successfully synthesized without any toxic crosslinking agent. 26086563 2 26 theme elemental 554:562 arg1 spectra 472:478 infrared spectra 463:478 infrared spectra (FT-IR) 463:486 The resulting nano-composite was characterized by means of the Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 26086563 2 26 theme elemental 554:562 arg1 analysis 564:571 elemental analysis 554:571 elemental analysis 554:571 The resulting nano-composite was characterized by means of the Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 26086563 1 27 theme functionalized 186:199 arg1 nanoparticle 207:218 amine functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticle 180:218 amine functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticle 180:218 By covalently linking dialdehyde starch and amine functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticle, and modifying with aminothiourea functional group, the novel monodisperse nano-composite has been successfully synthesized without any toxic crosslinking agent. 26086563 2 28 theme infrared 463:470 arg1 diffraction 535:545 X-ray diffraction 529:545 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 529:551 The resulting nano-composite was characterized by means of the Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 26086563 2 28 theme infrared 463:470 arg1 spectra 472:478 infrared spectra 463:478 infrared spectra (FT-IR) 463:486 The resulting nano-composite was characterized by means of the Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 26086563 2 28 theme infrared 463:470 arg1 analysis 564:571 elemental analysis 554:571 elemental analysis 554:571 The resulting nano-composite was characterized by means of the Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 26086563 2 28 theme infrared 463:470 arg1 microscope 511:520 transmission electron microscope 489:520 transmission electron microscope (TEM) 489:526 The resulting nano-composite was characterized by means of the Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 26086563 2 28 theme infrared 463:470 arg1 FT-IR 481:485 FT-IR 481:485 FT-IR 481:485 The resulting nano-composite was characterized by means of the Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 26086563 2 28 theme infrared 463:470 arg1 magnetometer 594:605 vibrating sample magnetometer 577:605 vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) 577:611 The resulting nano-composite was characterized by means of the Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 26086563 3 29 theme obtained 737:744 arg1 nano-composite 746:759 the obtained nano-composite 733:759 the obtained nano-composite 733:759 As the new kind of low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent with the excellent monodispersity in aqueous phase, the obtained nano-composite has shown not only the good adsorption capacity for Hg(II) on high initial concentration, but also the strong removal ability on low concentration. 26086563 0 30 theme Hg 128:129 arg1 recovery 116:123 highly effective recovery 99:123 highly effective recovery of Hg(II) 99:133 Facile synthesis of monodisperse functional magnetic dialdehyde starch nano-composite and used for highly effective recovery of Hg(II). 26086563 3 31 theme low-cost 633:640 arg1 friendly 662:669 low-cost and environmentally friendly 633:669 low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent with the excellent monodispersity in aqueous phase 633:730 As the new kind of low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent with the excellent monodispersity in aqueous phase, the obtained nano-composite has shown not only the good adsorption capacity for Hg(II) on high initial concentration, but also the strong removal ability on low concentration. 26086563 1 32 theme Fe3O4 201:205 arg1 nanoparticle 207:218 amine functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticle 180:218 amine functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticle 180:218 By covalently linking dialdehyde starch and amine functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticle, and modifying with aminothiourea functional group, the novel monodisperse nano-composite has been successfully synthesized without any toxic crosslinking agent. 26086563 0 33 theme magnetic 44:51 arg1 nano-composite 71:84 monodisperse functional magnetic dialdehyde starch nano-composite 20:84 monodisperse functional magnetic dialdehyde starch nano-composite 20:84 Facile synthesis of monodisperse functional magnetic dialdehyde starch nano-composite and used for highly effective recovery of Hg(II). 26086563 0 34 theme functional 33:42 arg1 nano-composite 71:84 monodisperse functional magnetic dialdehyde starch nano-composite 20:84 monodisperse functional magnetic dialdehyde starch nano-composite 20:84 Facile synthesis of monodisperse functional magnetic dialdehyde starch nano-composite and used for highly effective recovery of Hg(II). 26086563 2 35 theme transmission 489:500 arg1 TEM 523:525 TEM 523:525 TEM 523:525 The resulting nano-composite was characterized by means of the Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 26086563 2 35 theme transmission 489:500 arg1 microscope 511:520 transmission electron microscope 489:520 transmission electron microscope (TEM) 489:526 The resulting nano-composite was characterized by means of the Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 26086563 2 35 theme transmission 489:500 arg1 spectra 472:478 infrared spectra 463:478 infrared spectra (FT-IR) 463:486 The resulting nano-composite was characterized by means of the Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 26086563 4 36 theme good 993:996 arg1 performance 1011:1021 good regeneration performance 993:1021 good regeneration performance of nano-composite 993:1039 Moreover, the unique selectivity for Hg(II) among the mixed metal ions solution and good regeneration performance of nano-composite has also been demonstrated by batch experiments. 26086563 4 36 theme good 993:996 arg1 ions 975:978 the mixed metal ions solution and good regeneration performance of nano-composite 959:1039 the mixed metal ions solution and good regeneration performance of nano-composite 959:1039 Moreover, the unique selectivity for Hg(II) among the mixed metal ions solution and good regeneration performance of nano-composite has also been demonstrated by batch experiments. 26086563 0 37 theme starch 64:69 arg1 nano-composite 71:84 monodisperse functional magnetic dialdehyde starch nano-composite 20:84 monodisperse functional magnetic dialdehyde starch nano-composite 20:84 Facile synthesis of monodisperse functional magnetic dialdehyde starch nano-composite and used for highly effective recovery of Hg(II). 26086563 3 38 theme good 784:787 arg1 kind 625:628 the new kind 617:628 the new kind of low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent with the excellent monodispersity in aqueous phase 617:730 As the new kind of low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent with the excellent monodispersity in aqueous phase, the obtained nano-composite has shown not only the good adsorption capacity for Hg(II) on high initial concentration, but also the strong removal ability on low concentration. 26086563 3 38 theme good 784:787 arg1 capacity 800:807 the good adsorption capacity 780:807 the good adsorption capacity for Hg(II) on high initial concentration 780:848 As the new kind of low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent with the excellent monodispersity in aqueous phase, the obtained nano-composite has shown not only the good adsorption capacity for Hg(II) on high initial concentration, but also the strong removal ability on low concentration. 26086563 3 38 theme good 784:787 arg1 ability 879:885 the strong removal ability 860:885 the strong removal ability 860:885 As the new kind of low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent with the excellent monodispersity in aqueous phase, the obtained nano-composite has shown not only the good adsorption capacity for Hg(II) on high initial concentration, but also the strong removal ability on low concentration. 26086563 2 39 theme sample 587:592 arg1 VSM 608:610 VSM 608:610 VSM 608:610 The resulting nano-composite was characterized by means of the Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 26086563 2 39 theme sample 587:592 arg1 magnetometer 594:605 vibrating sample magnetometer 577:605 vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) 577:611 The resulting nano-composite was characterized by means of the Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 26086563 2 39 theme sample 587:592 arg1 spectra 472:478 infrared spectra 463:478 infrared spectra (FT-IR) 463:486 The resulting nano-composite was characterized by means of the Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 26086563 0 40 theme dialdehyde 53:62 arg1 nano-composite 71:84 monodisperse functional magnetic dialdehyde starch nano-composite 20:84 monodisperse functional magnetic dialdehyde starch nano-composite 20:84 Facile synthesis of monodisperse functional magnetic dialdehyde starch nano-composite and used for highly effective recovery of Hg(II). 26086563 2 41 theme vibrating 577:585 arg1 VSM 608:610 VSM 608:610 VSM 608:610 The resulting nano-composite was characterized by means of the Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 26086563 2 41 theme vibrating 577:585 arg1 magnetometer 594:605 vibrating sample magnetometer 577:605 vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) 577:611 The resulting nano-composite was characterized by means of the Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 26086563 2 41 theme vibrating 577:585 arg1 spectra 472:478 infrared spectra 463:478 infrared spectra (FT-IR) 463:486 The resulting nano-composite was characterized by means of the Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 26086563 3 42 theme adsorbent 671:679 arg1 friendly 662:669 low-cost and environmentally friendly 633:669 low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent with the excellent monodispersity in aqueous phase 633:730 As the new kind of low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent with the excellent monodispersity in aqueous phase, the obtained nano-composite has shown not only the good adsorption capacity for Hg(II) on high initial concentration, but also the strong removal ability on low concentration. 26086563 2 43 dep Fourier 445:451 arg1 transform 453:461 transform 453:461 transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) 453:611 The resulting nano-composite was characterized by means of the Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 26086563 3 44 from monodispersity 700:713 arg1 phase 726:730 aqueous phase 718:730 aqueous phase 718:730 As the new kind of low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent with the excellent monodispersity in aqueous phase, the obtained nano-composite has shown not only the good adsorption capacity for Hg(II) on high initial concentration, but also the strong removal ability on low concentration. 26086563 3 45 theme environmentally 646:660 arg1 friendly 662:669 low-cost and environmentally friendly 633:669 low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent with the excellent monodispersity in aqueous phase 633:730 As the new kind of low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent with the excellent monodispersity in aqueous phase, the obtained nano-composite has shown not only the good adsorption capacity for Hg(II) on high initial concentration, but also the strong removal ability on low concentration. 26086563 3 46 theme new 621:623 arg1 kind 625:628 the new kind 617:628 the new kind of low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent with the excellent monodispersity in aqueous phase 617:730 As the new kind of low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent with the excellent monodispersity in aqueous phase, the obtained nano-composite has shown not only the good adsorption capacity for Hg(II) on high initial concentration, but also the strong removal ability on low concentration. 26086563 3 46 theme new 621:623 arg1 capacity 800:807 the good adsorption capacity 780:807 the good adsorption capacity for Hg(II) on high initial concentration 780:848 As the new kind of low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent with the excellent monodispersity in aqueous phase, the obtained nano-composite has shown not only the good adsorption capacity for Hg(II) on high initial concentration, but also the strong removal ability on low concentration. 26086563 3 46 theme new 621:623 arg1 ability 879:885 the strong removal ability 860:885 the strong removal ability 860:885 As the new kind of low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent with the excellent monodispersity in aqueous phase, the obtained nano-composite has shown not only the good adsorption capacity for Hg(II) on high initial concentration, but also the strong removal ability on low concentration. 26086563 3 47 theme high 823:826 arg1 concentration 836:848 high initial concentration 823:848 high initial concentration 823:848 As the new kind of low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent with the excellent monodispersity in aqueous phase, the obtained nano-composite has shown not only the good adsorption capacity for Hg(II) on high initial concentration, but also the strong removal ability on low concentration. 26086563 3 48 with adsorbent 671:679 arg1 monodispersity 700:713 the excellent monodispersity 686:713 the excellent monodispersity in aqueous phase 686:730 As the new kind of low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent with the excellent monodispersity in aqueous phase, the obtained nano-composite has shown not only the good adsorption capacity for Hg(II) on high initial concentration, but also the strong removal ability on low concentration. 26086563 3 49 theme friendly 662:669 arg1 kind 625:628 the new kind 617:628 the new kind of low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent with the excellent monodispersity in aqueous phase 617:730 As the new kind of low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent with the excellent monodispersity in aqueous phase, the obtained nano-composite has shown not only the good adsorption capacity for Hg(II) on high initial concentration, but also the strong removal ability on low concentration. 26086563 3 49 theme friendly 662:669 arg1 capacity 800:807 the good adsorption capacity 780:807 the good adsorption capacity for Hg(II) on high initial concentration 780:848 As the new kind of low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent with the excellent monodispersity in aqueous phase, the obtained nano-composite has shown not only the good adsorption capacity for Hg(II) on high initial concentration, but also the strong removal ability on low concentration. 26086563 3 49 theme friendly 662:669 arg1 ability 879:885 the strong removal ability 860:885 the strong removal ability 860:885 As the new kind of low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent with the excellent monodispersity in aqueous phase, the obtained nano-composite has shown not only the good adsorption capacity for Hg(II) on high initial concentration, but also the strong removal ability on low concentration. 26086563 3 50 theme initial 828:834 arg1 concentration 836:848 high initial concentration 823:848 high initial concentration 823:848 As the new kind of low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent with the excellent monodispersity in aqueous phase, the obtained nano-composite has shown not only the good adsorption capacity for Hg(II) on high initial concentration, but also the strong removal ability on low concentration. 26086563 3 51 theme adsorption 789:798 arg1 kind 625:628 the new kind 617:628 the new kind of low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent with the excellent monodispersity in aqueous phase 617:730 As the new kind of low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent with the excellent monodispersity in aqueous phase, the obtained nano-composite has shown not only the good adsorption capacity for Hg(II) on high initial concentration, but also the strong removal ability on low concentration. 26086563 3 51 theme adsorption 789:798 arg1 capacity 800:807 the good adsorption capacity 780:807 the good adsorption capacity for Hg(II) on high initial concentration 780:848 As the new kind of low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent with the excellent monodispersity in aqueous phase, the obtained nano-composite has shown not only the good adsorption capacity for Hg(II) on high initial concentration, but also the strong removal ability on low concentration. 26086563 3 51 theme adsorption 789:798 arg1 ability 879:885 the strong removal ability 860:885 the strong removal ability 860:885 As the new kind of low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent with the excellent monodispersity in aqueous phase, the obtained nano-composite has shown not only the good adsorption capacity for Hg(II) on high initial concentration, but also the strong removal ability on low concentration. 26086563 0 52 theme nano-composite 71:84 arg1 synthesis 7:15 Facile synthesis 0:15 Facile synthesis of monodisperse functional magnetic dialdehyde starch nano-composite 0:84 Facile synthesis of monodisperse functional magnetic dialdehyde starch nano-composite and used for highly effective recovery of Hg(II). 26086563 2 53 theme resulting 386:394 arg1 nano-composite 396:409 The resulting nano-composite 382:409 The resulting nano-composite 382:409 The resulting nano-composite was characterized by means of the Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 26086563 1 54 theme aminothiourea 240:252 arg1 group 265:269 aminothiourea functional group 240:269 aminothiourea functional group 240:269 By covalently linking dialdehyde starch and amine functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticle, and modifying with aminothiourea functional group, the novel monodisperse nano-composite has been successfully synthesized without any toxic crosslinking agent. 27067311 9 0 theme highest 1810:1816 arg1 deformation 1828:1838 highest inelastic deformation 1810:1838 highest inelastic deformation (strain up to ∼13%) 1810:1858 An Ashby plot comparing previous ordered CNC-based nanocomposites with our new hierarchical ones reveals that molecular engineering allows us to span an unprecedented mechanical property range from highest inelastic deformation (strain up to ∼13%) to highest stiffness (E ∼ 15 GPa) and combinations of both. 27067311 10 1 theme multifunctional 2038:2052 arg1 profiles 2063:2070 the multifunctional property profiles 2034:2070 the multifunctional property profiles of such bioinspired nanocomposites 2034:2105 We envisage that further rational design of the molecular interactions will provide efficient tools for enhancing the multifunctional property profiles of such bioinspired nanocomposites. 27067311 3 2 theme helical 613:619 arg1 structure 621:629 well-defined colloid-based helical structure 586:629 well-defined colloid-based helical structure 586:629 Here we describe a hierarchically self-assembled, cholesteric nanocomposite with well-defined colloid-based helical structure and supramolecular hydrogen bonds engineered on the molecular level in the polymer matrix. 27067311 10 3 theme nanocomposites 2092:2105 arg1 profiles 2063:2070 the multifunctional property profiles 2034:2070 the multifunctional property profiles of such bioinspired nanocomposites 2034:2105 We envisage that further rational design of the molecular interactions will provide efficient tools for enhancing the multifunctional property profiles of such bioinspired nanocomposites. 27067311 3 4 theme colloid-based 599:611 arg1 structure 621:629 well-defined colloid-based helical structure 586:629 well-defined colloid-based helical structure 586:629 Here we describe a hierarchically self-assembled, cholesteric nanocomposite with well-defined colloid-based helical structure and supramolecular hydrogen bonds engineered on the molecular level in the polymer matrix. 27067311 4 5 theme well-defined 801:812 arg1 polymers 836:843 well-defined hydrophilic, nonionic polymers 801:843 well-defined hydrophilic, nonionic polymers 801:843 We use reversible addition-fragmentation transfer polymerization to synthesize well-defined hydrophilic, nonionic polymers with a varying functionalization density of 4-fold hydrogen-bonding ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) motifs. 27067311 10 6 theme such 2075:2078 arg1 nanocomposites 2092:2105 such bioinspired nanocomposites 2075:2105 such bioinspired nanocomposites 2075:2105 We envisage that further rational design of the molecular interactions will provide efficient tools for enhancing the multifunctional property profiles of such bioinspired nanocomposites. 27067311 3 7 with nanocomposite 567:579 arg1 bonds 659:663 supramolecular hydrogen bonds 635:663 supramolecular hydrogen bonds engineered on the molecular level in the polymer matrix 635:719 Here we describe a hierarchically self-assembled, cholesteric nanocomposite with well-defined colloid-based helical structure and supramolecular hydrogen bonds engineered on the molecular level in the polymer matrix. 27067311 3 7 with nanocomposite 567:579 arg1 structure 621:629 well-defined colloid-based helical structure 586:629 well-defined colloid-based helical structure 586:629 Here we describe a hierarchically self-assembled, cholesteric nanocomposite with well-defined colloid-based helical structure and supramolecular hydrogen bonds engineered on the molecular level in the polymer matrix. 27067311 3 8 theme hydrogen 650:657 arg1 bonds 659:663 supramolecular hydrogen bonds 635:663 supramolecular hydrogen bonds engineered on the molecular level in the polymer matrix 635:719 Here we describe a hierarchically self-assembled, cholesteric nanocomposite with well-defined colloid-based helical structure and supramolecular hydrogen bonds engineered on the molecular level in the polymer matrix. 27067311 1 9 theme ordered 215:221 arg1 scales 254:259 ordered colloidal and molecular length scales 215:259 ordered colloidal and molecular length scales 215:259 Natural composites are hierarchically structured by combination of ordered colloidal and molecular length scales. 27067311 5 10 with phases 1104:1109 arg1 bands 1145:1149 characteristic photonic stop bands 1116:1149 characteristic photonic stop bands 1116:1149 We show that these copolymers can be coassembled with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), a sustainable, stiff, rod-like reinforcement, to give ordered cholesteric phases with characteristic photonic stop bands. 27067311 4 11 theme transfer 763:770 arg1 polymerization 772:785 reversible addition-fragmentation transfer polymerization 729:785 reversible addition-fragmentation transfer polymerization 729:785 We use reversible addition-fragmentation transfer polymerization to synthesize well-defined hydrophilic, nonionic polymers with a varying functionalization density of 4-fold hydrogen-bonding ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) motifs. 27067311 2 12 theme extraordinary 336:348 arg1 properties 361:370 extraordinary mechanical properties 336:370 extraordinary mechanical properties 336:370 They inspire future, biomimetic, and lightweight nanocomposites, in which extraordinary mechanical properties are in reach by understanding and mastering hierarchical structure formation as tools to engineer multiscale deformation mechanisms. 27067311 5 13 theme cellulose 1000:1008 arg1 nanocrystals 1010:1021 cellulose nanocrystals 1000:1021 cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) 1000:1027 We show that these copolymers can be coassembled with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), a sustainable, stiff, rod-like reinforcement, to give ordered cholesteric phases with characteristic photonic stop bands. 27067311 5 13 theme cellulose 1000:1008 arg1 reinforcement 1061:1073 a sustainable, stiff, rod-like reinforcement 1030:1073 a sustainable, stiff, rod-like reinforcement 1030:1073 We show that these copolymers can be coassembled with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), a sustainable, stiff, rod-like reinforcement, to give ordered cholesteric phases with characteristic photonic stop bands. 27067311 5 13 theme cellulose 1000:1008 arg1 CNC 1024:1026 CNC 1024:1026 CNC 1024:1026 We show that these copolymers can be coassembled with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), a sustainable, stiff, rod-like reinforcement, to give ordered cholesteric phases with characteristic photonic stop bands. 27067311 1 14 theme Natural 148:154 arg1 composites 156:165 Natural composites 148:165 Natural composites 148:165 Natural composites are hierarchically structured by combination of ordered colloidal and molecular length scales. 27067311 2 15 theme future 275:280 arg1 nanocomposites 311:324 future, biomimetic, and lightweight nanocomposites 275:324 future, biomimetic, and lightweight nanocomposites 275:324 They inspire future, biomimetic, and lightweight nanocomposites, in which extraordinary mechanical properties are in reach by understanding and mastering hierarchical structure formation as tools to engineer multiscale deformation mechanisms. 27067311 8 16 theme mechanical 1589:1598 arg1 properties 1600:1609 the mechanical properties 1585:1609 the mechanical properties 1585:1609 Moreover, the amount of hydrogen bonds and the polymer fraction are decisive in defining the mechanical properties. 27067311 4 17 theme functionalization 860:876 arg1 density 878:884 a varying functionalization density 850:884 a varying functionalization density of 4-fold hydrogen-bonding ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) motifs 850:943 We use reversible addition-fragmentation transfer polymerization to synthesize well-defined hydrophilic, nonionic polymers with a varying functionalization density of 4-fold hydrogen-bonding ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) motifs. 27067311 9 18 theme previous 1636:1643 arg1 nanocomposites 1663:1676 previous ordered CNC-based nanocomposites 1636:1676 previous ordered CNC-based nanocomposites 1636:1676 An Ashby plot comparing previous ordered CNC-based nanocomposites with our new hierarchical ones reveals that molecular engineering allows us to span an unprecedented mechanical property range from highest inelastic deformation (strain up to ∼13%) to highest stiffness (E ∼ 15 GPa) and combinations of both. 27067311 9 19 theme E 1882:1882 arg1 GPa 1889:1891 E ∼ 15 GPa 1882:1891 E ∼ 15 GPa 1882:1891 An Ashby plot comparing previous ordered CNC-based nanocomposites with our new hierarchical ones reveals that molecular engineering allows us to span an unprecedented mechanical property range from highest inelastic deformation (strain up to ∼13%) to highest stiffness (E ∼ 15 GPa) and combinations of both. 27067311 9 19 theme E 1882:1882 arg1 stiffness 1871:1879 highest stiffness 1863:1879 highest stiffness (E ∼ 15 GPa) 1863:1892 An Ashby plot comparing previous ordered CNC-based nanocomposites with our new hierarchical ones reveals that molecular engineering allows us to span an unprecedented mechanical property range from highest inelastic deformation (strain up to ∼13%) to highest stiffness (E ∼ 15 GPa) and combinations of both. 27067311 0 20 dep Nanocomposites 86:99 arg1 Bioinspired 61:71 Bioinspired 61:71 Bioinspired 61:71 Supramolecular Engineering of Hierarchically Self-Assembled, Bioinspired, Cholesteric Nanocomposites Formed by Cellulose Nanocrystals and Polymers. 27067311 9 21 theme CNC-based 1653:1661 arg1 nanocomposites 1663:1676 previous ordered CNC-based nanocomposites 1636:1676 previous ordered CNC-based nanocomposites 1636:1676 An Ashby plot comparing previous ordered CNC-based nanocomposites with our new hierarchical ones reveals that molecular engineering allows us to span an unprecedented mechanical property range from highest inelastic deformation (strain up to ∼13%) to highest stiffness (E ∼ 15 GPa) and combinations of both. 27067311 6 22 theme helical 1174:1180 arg1 pitch 1182:1186 the helical pitch 1170:1186 the helical pitch 1170:1186 The dimensions of the helical pitch are controlled by the ratio of polymer/CNC, confirming a smooth integration into the colloidal structure. 27067311 5 23 dep sustainable 1032:1042 arg1 stiff 1045:1049 stiff 1045:1049 stiff 1045:1049 We show that these copolymers can be coassembled with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), a sustainable, stiff, rod-like reinforcement, to give ordered cholesteric phases with characteristic photonic stop bands. 27067311 5 23 dep sustainable 1032:1042 arg1 rod-like 1052:1059 rod-like 1052:1059 rod-like 1052:1059 We show that these copolymers can be coassembled with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), a sustainable, stiff, rod-like reinforcement, to give ordered cholesteric phases with characteristic photonic stop bands. 27067311 3 24 from level 693:697 arg1 matrix 714:719 the polymer matrix 702:719 the polymer matrix 702:719 Here we describe a hierarchically self-assembled, cholesteric nanocomposite with well-defined colloid-based helical structure and supramolecular hydrogen bonds engineered on the molecular level in the polymer matrix. 27067311 2 25 theme biomimetic 283:292 arg1 nanocomposites 311:324 future, biomimetic, and lightweight nanocomposites 275:324 future, biomimetic, and lightweight nanocomposites 275:324 They inspire future, biomimetic, and lightweight nanocomposites, in which extraordinary mechanical properties are in reach by understanding and mastering hierarchical structure formation as tools to engineer multiscale deformation mechanisms. 27067311 9 26 theme new 1687:1689 arg1 ones 1704:1707 our new hierarchical ones 1683:1707 our new hierarchical ones 1683:1707 An Ashby plot comparing previous ordered CNC-based nanocomposites with our new hierarchical ones reveals that molecular engineering allows us to span an unprecedented mechanical property range from highest inelastic deformation (strain up to ∼13%) to highest stiffness (E ∼ 15 GPa) and combinations of both. 27067311 0 27 theme Cellulose 111:119 arg1 Nanocrystals 121:132 Cellulose Nanocrystals 111:132 Cellulose Nanocrystals 111:132 Supramolecular Engineering of Hierarchically Self-Assembled, Bioinspired, Cholesteric Nanocomposites Formed by Cellulose Nanocrystals and Polymers. 27067311 5 28 theme characteristic 1116:1129 arg1 bands 1145:1149 characteristic photonic stop bands 1116:1149 characteristic photonic stop bands 1116:1149 We show that these copolymers can be coassembled with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), a sustainable, stiff, rod-like reinforcement, to give ordered cholesteric phases with characteristic photonic stop bands. 27067311 9 29 theme both 1914:1917 arg1 combinations 1898:1909 combinations 1898:1909 combinations of both 1898:1917 An Ashby plot comparing previous ordered CNC-based nanocomposites with our new hierarchical ones reveals that molecular engineering allows us to span an unprecedented mechanical property range from highest inelastic deformation (strain up to ∼13%) to highest stiffness (E ∼ 15 GPa) and combinations of both. 27067311 9 29 theme both 1914:1917 arg1 stiffness 1871:1879 highest stiffness 1863:1879 highest stiffness (E ∼ 15 GPa) 1863:1892 An Ashby plot comparing previous ordered CNC-based nanocomposites with our new hierarchical ones reveals that molecular engineering allows us to span an unprecedented mechanical property range from highest inelastic deformation (strain up to ∼13%) to highest stiffness (E ∼ 15 GPa) and combinations of both. 27067311 9 29 theme both 1914:1917 arg1 GPa 1889:1891 E ∼ 15 GPa 1882:1891 E ∼ 15 GPa 1882:1891 An Ashby plot comparing previous ordered CNC-based nanocomposites with our new hierarchical ones reveals that molecular engineering allows us to span an unprecedented mechanical property range from highest inelastic deformation (strain up to ∼13%) to highest stiffness (E ∼ 15 GPa) and combinations of both. 27067311 7 30 theme motifs 1343:1348 arg1 effect 1314:1319 the effect 1310:1319 the effect of the supramolecular motifs 1310:1348 With respect to the effect of the supramolecular motifs, we demonstrate that those regulate the swelling when exposing the biomimetic hybrids to water, and they allow engineering the photonic response. 27067311 5 31 theme stop 1140:1143 arg1 bands 1145:1149 characteristic photonic stop bands 1116:1149 characteristic photonic stop bands 1116:1149 We show that these copolymers can be coassembled with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), a sustainable, stiff, rod-like reinforcement, to give ordered cholesteric phases with characteristic photonic stop bands. 27067311 6 32 theme polymer/CNC 1219:1229 arg1 ratio 1210:1214 the ratio 1206:1214 the ratio of polymer/CNC 1206:1229 The dimensions of the helical pitch are controlled by the ratio of polymer/CNC, confirming a smooth integration into the colloidal structure. 27067311 4 33 theme hydrogen-bonding 896:911 arg1 ureidopyrimidinone 913:930 4-fold hydrogen-bonding ureidopyrimidinone 889:930 4-fold hydrogen-bonding ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) motifs 889:943 We use reversible addition-fragmentation transfer polymerization to synthesize well-defined hydrophilic, nonionic polymers with a varying functionalization density of 4-fold hydrogen-bonding ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) motifs. 27067311 4 33 theme hydrogen-bonding 896:911 arg1 UPy 933:935 UPy 933:935 UPy 933:935 We use reversible addition-fragmentation transfer polymerization to synthesize well-defined hydrophilic, nonionic polymers with a varying functionalization density of 4-fold hydrogen-bonding ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) motifs. 27067311 0 34 theme Supramolecular 0:13 arg1 Engineering 15:25 Supramolecular Engineering 0:25 Supramolecular Engineering of Hierarchically Self-Assembled, Bioinspired, Cholesteric Nanocomposites 0:99 Supramolecular Engineering of Hierarchically Self-Assembled, Bioinspired, Cholesteric Nanocomposites Formed by Cellulose Nanocrystals and Polymers. 27067311 5 35 theme ordered 1084:1090 arg1 phases 1104:1109 ordered cholesteric phases 1084:1109 ordered cholesteric phases with characteristic photonic stop bands 1084:1149 We show that these copolymers can be coassembled with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), a sustainable, stiff, rod-like reinforcement, to give ordered cholesteric phases with characteristic photonic stop bands. 27067311 8 36 theme hydrogen 1520:1527 arg1 bonds 1529:1533 hydrogen bonds 1520:1533 hydrogen bonds 1520:1533 Moreover, the amount of hydrogen bonds and the polymer fraction are decisive in defining the mechanical properties. 27067311 3 37 theme self-assembled 539:552 arg1 nanocomposite 567:579 a hierarchically self-assembled, cholesteric nanocomposite 522:579 a hierarchically self-assembled, cholesteric nanocomposite with well-defined colloid-based helical structure and supramolecular hydrogen bonds engineered on the molecular level in the polymer matrix 522:719 Here we describe a hierarchically self-assembled, cholesteric nanocomposite with well-defined colloid-based helical structure and supramolecular hydrogen bonds engineered on the molecular level in the polymer matrix. 27067311 2 38 theme multiscale 470:479 arg1 mechanisms 493:502 multiscale deformation mechanisms 470:502 multiscale deformation mechanisms 470:502 They inspire future, biomimetic, and lightweight nanocomposites, in which extraordinary mechanical properties are in reach by understanding and mastering hierarchical structure formation as tools to engineer multiscale deformation mechanisms. 27067311 9 39 dep ∼13 1854:1856 arg1 to 1851:1852 to 1851:1852 to 1851:1852 An Ashby plot comparing previous ordered CNC-based nanocomposites with our new hierarchical ones reveals that molecular engineering allows us to span an unprecedented mechanical property range from highest inelastic deformation (strain up to ∼13%) to highest stiffness (E ∼ 15 GPa) and combinations of both. 27067311 10 40 theme molecular 1968:1976 arg1 interactions 1978:1989 the molecular interactions 1964:1989 the molecular interactions 1964:1989 We envisage that further rational design of the molecular interactions will provide efficient tools for enhancing the multifunctional property profiles of such bioinspired nanocomposites. 27067311 8 41 theme polymer 1543:1549 arg1 decisive 1564:1571 decisive 1564:1571 decisive 1564:1571 Moreover, the amount of hydrogen bonds and the polymer fraction are decisive in defining the mechanical properties. 27067311 8 41 theme polymer 1543:1549 arg1 fraction 1551:1558 the polymer fraction 1539:1558 the polymer fraction 1539:1558 Moreover, the amount of hydrogen bonds and the polymer fraction are decisive in defining the mechanical properties. 27067311 9 42 theme unprecedented 1765:1777 arg1 range 1799:1803 an unprecedented mechanical property range 1762:1803 an unprecedented mechanical property range from highest inelastic deformation (strain up to ∼13%) 1762:1858 An Ashby plot comparing previous ordered CNC-based nanocomposites with our new hierarchical ones reveals that molecular engineering allows us to span an unprecedented mechanical property range from highest inelastic deformation (strain up to ∼13%) to highest stiffness (E ∼ 15 GPa) and combinations of both. 27067311 6 43 theme colloidal 1273:1281 arg1 structure 1283:1291 the colloidal structure 1269:1291 the colloidal structure 1269:1291 The dimensions of the helical pitch are controlled by the ratio of polymer/CNC, confirming a smooth integration into the colloidal structure. 27067311 10 44 theme rational 1945:1952 arg1 design 1954:1959 further rational design 1937:1959 further rational design of the molecular interactions 1937:1989 We envisage that further rational design of the molecular interactions will provide efficient tools for enhancing the multifunctional property profiles of such bioinspired nanocomposites. 27067311 9 45 theme property 1790:1797 arg1 range 1799:1803 an unprecedented mechanical property range 1762:1803 an unprecedented mechanical property range from highest inelastic deformation (strain up to ∼13%) 1762:1858 An Ashby plot comparing previous ordered CNC-based nanocomposites with our new hierarchical ones reveals that molecular engineering allows us to span an unprecedented mechanical property range from highest inelastic deformation (strain up to ∼13%) to highest stiffness (E ∼ 15 GPa) and combinations of both. 27067311 7 46 theme biomimetic 1417:1426 arg1 hybrids 1428:1434 the biomimetic hybrids 1413:1434 the biomimetic hybrids 1413:1434 With respect to the effect of the supramolecular motifs, we demonstrate that those regulate the swelling when exposing the biomimetic hybrids to water, and they allow engineering the photonic response. 27067311 10 47 theme efficient 2004:2012 arg1 tools 2014:2018 efficient tools 2004:2018 efficient tools for enhancing the multifunctional property profiles of such bioinspired nanocomposites 2004:2105 We envisage that further rational design of the molecular interactions will provide efficient tools for enhancing the multifunctional property profiles of such bioinspired nanocomposites. 27067311 2 48 theme structure 429:437 arg1 formation 439:447 mastering hierarchical structure formation 406:447 mastering hierarchical structure formation 406:447 They inspire future, biomimetic, and lightweight nanocomposites, in which extraordinary mechanical properties are in reach by understanding and mastering hierarchical structure formation as tools to engineer multiscale deformation mechanisms. 27067311 6 49 theme smooth 1245:1250 arg1 integration 1252:1262 a smooth integration 1243:1262 a smooth integration into the colloidal structure 1243:1291 The dimensions of the helical pitch are controlled by the ratio of polymer/CNC, confirming a smooth integration into the colloidal structure. 27067311 10 50 theme property 2054:2061 arg1 profiles 2063:2070 the multifunctional property profiles 2034:2070 the multifunctional property profiles of such bioinspired nanocomposites 2034:2105 We envisage that further rational design of the molecular interactions will provide efficient tools for enhancing the multifunctional property profiles of such bioinspired nanocomposites. 27067311 2 51 theme mastering 406:414 arg1 formation 439:447 mastering hierarchical structure formation 406:447 mastering hierarchical structure formation 406:447 They inspire future, biomimetic, and lightweight nanocomposites, in which extraordinary mechanical properties are in reach by understanding and mastering hierarchical structure formation as tools to engineer multiscale deformation mechanisms. 27067311 9 52 theme inelastic 1818:1826 arg1 deformation 1828:1838 highest inelastic deformation 1810:1838 highest inelastic deformation (strain up to ∼13%) 1810:1858 An Ashby plot comparing previous ordered CNC-based nanocomposites with our new hierarchical ones reveals that molecular engineering allows us to span an unprecedented mechanical property range from highest inelastic deformation (strain up to ∼13%) to highest stiffness (E ∼ 15 GPa) and combinations of both. 27067311 10 53 theme bioinspired 2080:2090 arg1 nanocomposites 2092:2105 such bioinspired nanocomposites 2075:2105 such bioinspired nanocomposites 2075:2105 We envisage that further rational design of the molecular interactions will provide efficient tools for enhancing the multifunctional property profiles of such bioinspired nanocomposites. 27067311 3 54 theme supramolecular 635:648 arg1 bonds 659:663 supramolecular hydrogen bonds 635:663 supramolecular hydrogen bonds engineered on the molecular level in the polymer matrix 635:719 Here we describe a hierarchically self-assembled, cholesteric nanocomposite with well-defined colloid-based helical structure and supramolecular hydrogen bonds engineered on the molecular level in the polymer matrix. 27067311 3 55 theme molecular 683:691 arg1 level 693:697 the molecular level 679:697 the molecular level in the polymer matrix 679:719 Here we describe a hierarchically self-assembled, cholesteric nanocomposite with well-defined colloid-based helical structure and supramolecular hydrogen bonds engineered on the molecular level in the polymer matrix. 27067311 1 56 theme colloidal 223:231 arg1 scales 254:259 ordered colloidal and molecular length scales 215:259 ordered colloidal and molecular length scales 215:259 Natural composites are hierarchically structured by combination of ordered colloidal and molecular length scales. 27067311 4 57 theme hydrophilic 814:824 arg1 polymers 836:843 well-defined hydrophilic, nonionic polymers 801:843 well-defined hydrophilic, nonionic polymers 801:843 We use reversible addition-fragmentation transfer polymerization to synthesize well-defined hydrophilic, nonionic polymers with a varying functionalization density of 4-fold hydrogen-bonding ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) motifs. 27067311 2 58 theme mechanical 350:359 arg1 properties 361:370 extraordinary mechanical properties 336:370 extraordinary mechanical properties 336:370 They inspire future, biomimetic, and lightweight nanocomposites, in which extraordinary mechanical properties are in reach by understanding and mastering hierarchical structure formation as tools to engineer multiscale deformation mechanisms. 27067311 1 59 theme molecular 237:245 arg1 scales 254:259 ordered colloidal and molecular length scales 215:259 ordered colloidal and molecular length scales 215:259 Natural composites are hierarchically structured by combination of ordered colloidal and molecular length scales. 27067311 4 60 theme addition-fragmentation 740:761 arg1 polymerization 772:785 reversible addition-fragmentation transfer polymerization 729:785 reversible addition-fragmentation transfer polymerization 729:785 We use reversible addition-fragmentation transfer polymerization to synthesize well-defined hydrophilic, nonionic polymers with a varying functionalization density of 4-fold hydrogen-bonding ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) motifs. 27067311 3 61 theme polymer 706:712 arg1 matrix 714:719 the polymer matrix 702:719 the polymer matrix 702:719 Here we describe a hierarchically self-assembled, cholesteric nanocomposite with well-defined colloid-based helical structure and supramolecular hydrogen bonds engineered on the molecular level in the polymer matrix. 27067311 9 62 theme Ashby 1615:1619 arg1 plot 1621:1624 An Ashby plot 1612:1624 An Ashby plot comparing previous ordered CNC-based nanocomposites with our new hierarchical ones 1612:1707 An Ashby plot comparing previous ordered CNC-based nanocomposites with our new hierarchical ones reveals that molecular engineering allows us to span an unprecedented mechanical property range from highest inelastic deformation (strain up to ∼13%) to highest stiffness (E ∼ 15 GPa) and combinations of both. 27067311 9 63 from deformation 1828:1838 arg1 range 1799:1803 an unprecedented mechanical property range 1762:1803 an unprecedented mechanical property range from highest inelastic deformation (strain up to ∼13%) 1762:1858 An Ashby plot comparing previous ordered CNC-based nanocomposites with our new hierarchical ones reveals that molecular engineering allows us to span an unprecedented mechanical property range from highest inelastic deformation (strain up to ∼13%) to highest stiffness (E ∼ 15 GPa) and combinations of both. 27067311 9 64 theme highest 1863:1869 arg1 GPa 1889:1891 E ∼ 15 GPa 1882:1891 E ∼ 15 GPa 1882:1891 An Ashby plot comparing previous ordered CNC-based nanocomposites with our new hierarchical ones reveals that molecular engineering allows us to span an unprecedented mechanical property range from highest inelastic deformation (strain up to ∼13%) to highest stiffness (E ∼ 15 GPa) and combinations of both. 27067311 9 64 theme highest 1863:1869 arg1 stiffness 1871:1879 highest stiffness 1863:1879 highest stiffness (E ∼ 15 GPa) 1863:1892 An Ashby plot comparing previous ordered CNC-based nanocomposites with our new hierarchical ones reveals that molecular engineering allows us to span an unprecedented mechanical property range from highest inelastic deformation (strain up to ∼13%) to highest stiffness (E ∼ 15 GPa) and combinations of both. 27067311 4 65 theme varying 852:858 arg1 density 878:884 a varying functionalization density 850:884 a varying functionalization density of 4-fold hydrogen-bonding ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) motifs 850:943 We use reversible addition-fragmentation transfer polymerization to synthesize well-defined hydrophilic, nonionic polymers with a varying functionalization density of 4-fold hydrogen-bonding ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) motifs. 27067311 2 66 theme lightweight 299:309 arg1 nanocomposites 311:324 future, biomimetic, and lightweight nanocomposites 275:324 future, biomimetic, and lightweight nanocomposites 275:324 They inspire future, biomimetic, and lightweight nanocomposites, in which extraordinary mechanical properties are in reach by understanding and mastering hierarchical structure formation as tools to engineer multiscale deformation mechanisms. 27067311 9 67 theme ordered 1645:1651 arg1 nanocomposites 1663:1676 previous ordered CNC-based nanocomposites 1636:1676 previous ordered CNC-based nanocomposites 1636:1676 An Ashby plot comparing previous ordered CNC-based nanocomposites with our new hierarchical ones reveals that molecular engineering allows us to span an unprecedented mechanical property range from highest inelastic deformation (strain up to ∼13%) to highest stiffness (E ∼ 15 GPa) and combinations of both. 27067311 6 68 theme pitch 1182:1186 arg1 dimensions 1156:1165 The dimensions 1152:1165 The dimensions of the helical pitch 1152:1186 The dimensions of the helical pitch are controlled by the ratio of polymer/CNC, confirming a smooth integration into the colloidal structure. 27067311 9 69 theme ∼ 1884:1884 arg1 GPa 1889:1891 E ∼ 15 GPa 1882:1891 E ∼ 15 GPa 1882:1891 An Ashby plot comparing previous ordered CNC-based nanocomposites with our new hierarchical ones reveals that molecular engineering allows us to span an unprecedented mechanical property range from highest inelastic deformation (strain up to ∼13%) to highest stiffness (E ∼ 15 GPa) and combinations of both. 27067311 9 69 theme ∼ 1884:1884 arg1 stiffness 1871:1879 highest stiffness 1863:1879 highest stiffness (E ∼ 15 GPa) 1863:1892 An Ashby plot comparing previous ordered CNC-based nanocomposites with our new hierarchical ones reveals that molecular engineering allows us to span an unprecedented mechanical property range from highest inelastic deformation (strain up to ∼13%) to highest stiffness (E ∼ 15 GPa) and combinations of both. 27067311 0 70 theme Nanocomposites 86:99 arg1 Engineering 15:25 Supramolecular Engineering 0:25 Supramolecular Engineering of Hierarchically Self-Assembled, Bioinspired, Cholesteric Nanocomposites 0:99 Supramolecular Engineering of Hierarchically Self-Assembled, Bioinspired, Cholesteric Nanocomposites Formed by Cellulose Nanocrystals and Polymers. 27067311 5 71 theme sustainable 1032:1042 arg1 nanocrystals 1010:1021 cellulose nanocrystals 1000:1021 cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) 1000:1027 We show that these copolymers can be coassembled with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), a sustainable, stiff, rod-like reinforcement, to give ordered cholesteric phases with characteristic photonic stop bands. 27067311 5 71 theme sustainable 1032:1042 arg1 reinforcement 1061:1073 a sustainable, stiff, rod-like reinforcement 1030:1073 a sustainable, stiff, rod-like reinforcement 1030:1073 We show that these copolymers can be coassembled with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), a sustainable, stiff, rod-like reinforcement, to give ordered cholesteric phases with characteristic photonic stop bands. 27067311 9 72 dep % 1857:1857 arg1 ∼13 1854:1856 ∼13 1854:1856 ∼13 1854:1856 An Ashby plot comparing previous ordered CNC-based nanocomposites with our new hierarchical ones reveals that molecular engineering allows us to span an unprecedented mechanical property range from highest inelastic deformation (strain up to ∼13%) to highest stiffness (E ∼ 15 GPa) and combinations of both. 27067311 7 73 dep effect 1314:1319 arg1 respect 1299:1305 respect 1299:1305 respect 1299:1305 With respect to the effect of the supramolecular motifs, we demonstrate that those regulate the swelling when exposing the biomimetic hybrids to water, and they allow engineering the photonic response. 27067311 4 74 dep hydrophilic 814:824 arg1 nonionic 827:834 nonionic 827:834 nonionic 827:834 We use reversible addition-fragmentation transfer polymerization to synthesize well-defined hydrophilic, nonionic polymers with a varying functionalization density of 4-fold hydrogen-bonding ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) motifs. 27067311 9 75 theme hierarchical 1691:1702 arg1 ones 1704:1707 our new hierarchical ones 1683:1707 our new hierarchical ones 1683:1707 An Ashby plot comparing previous ordered CNC-based nanocomposites with our new hierarchical ones reveals that molecular engineering allows us to span an unprecedented mechanical property range from highest inelastic deformation (strain up to ∼13%) to highest stiffness (E ∼ 15 GPa) and combinations of both. 27067311 7 76 theme supramolecular 1328:1341 arg1 motifs 1343:1348 the supramolecular motifs 1324:1348 the supramolecular motifs 1324:1348 With respect to the effect of the supramolecular motifs, we demonstrate that those regulate the swelling when exposing the biomimetic hybrids to water, and they allow engineering the photonic response. 27067311 1 77 theme length 247:252 arg1 scales 254:259 ordered colloidal and molecular length scales 215:259 ordered colloidal and molecular length scales 215:259 Natural composites are hierarchically structured by combination of ordered colloidal and molecular length scales. 27067311 5 78 theme photonic 1131:1138 arg1 bands 1145:1149 characteristic photonic stop bands 1116:1149 characteristic photonic stop bands 1116:1149 We show that these copolymers can be coassembled with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), a sustainable, stiff, rod-like reinforcement, to give ordered cholesteric phases with characteristic photonic stop bands. 27067311 4 79 theme motifs 938:943 arg1 density 878:884 a varying functionalization density 850:884 a varying functionalization density of 4-fold hydrogen-bonding ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) motifs 850:943 We use reversible addition-fragmentation transfer polymerization to synthesize well-defined hydrophilic, nonionic polymers with a varying functionalization density of 4-fold hydrogen-bonding ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) motifs. 27067311 9 80 dep deformation 1828:1838 arg1 strain 1841:1846 strain 1841:1846 strain up to ∼13% 1841:1857 An Ashby plot comparing previous ordered CNC-based nanocomposites with our new hierarchical ones reveals that molecular engineering allows us to span an unprecedented mechanical property range from highest inelastic deformation (strain up to ∼13%) to highest stiffness (E ∼ 15 GPa) and combinations of both. 27067311 9 81 theme molecular 1722:1730 arg1 engineering 1732:1742 molecular engineering 1722:1742 molecular engineering 1722:1742 An Ashby plot comparing previous ordered CNC-based nanocomposites with our new hierarchical ones reveals that molecular engineering allows us to span an unprecedented mechanical property range from highest inelastic deformation (strain up to ∼13%) to highest stiffness (E ∼ 15 GPa) and combinations of both. 27067311 4 82 theme 4-fold 889:894 arg1 ureidopyrimidinone 913:930 4-fold hydrogen-bonding ureidopyrimidinone 889:930 4-fold hydrogen-bonding ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) motifs 889:943 We use reversible addition-fragmentation transfer polymerization to synthesize well-defined hydrophilic, nonionic polymers with a varying functionalization density of 4-fold hydrogen-bonding ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) motifs. 27067311 4 82 theme 4-fold 889:894 arg1 UPy 933:935 UPy 933:935 UPy 933:935 We use reversible addition-fragmentation transfer polymerization to synthesize well-defined hydrophilic, nonionic polymers with a varying functionalization density of 4-fold hydrogen-bonding ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) motifs. 27067311 5 83 theme cholesteric 1092:1102 arg1 phases 1104:1109 ordered cholesteric phases 1084:1109 ordered cholesteric phases with characteristic photonic stop bands 1084:1149 We show that these copolymers can be coassembled with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), a sustainable, stiff, rod-like reinforcement, to give ordered cholesteric phases with characteristic photonic stop bands. 27067311 10 84 theme further 1937:1943 arg1 design 1954:1959 further rational design 1937:1959 further rational design of the molecular interactions 1937:1989 We envisage that further rational design of the molecular interactions will provide efficient tools for enhancing the multifunctional property profiles of such bioinspired nanocomposites. 27067311 4 85 theme ureidopyrimidinone 913:930 arg1 motifs 938:943 4-fold hydrogen-bonding ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) motifs 889:943 4-fold hydrogen-bonding ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) motifs 889:943 We use reversible addition-fragmentation transfer polymerization to synthesize well-defined hydrophilic, nonionic polymers with a varying functionalization density of 4-fold hydrogen-bonding ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) motifs. 27067311 2 86 theme deformation 481:491 arg1 mechanisms 493:502 multiscale deformation mechanisms 470:502 multiscale deformation mechanisms 470:502 They inspire future, biomimetic, and lightweight nanocomposites, in which extraordinary mechanical properties are in reach by understanding and mastering hierarchical structure formation as tools to engineer multiscale deformation mechanisms. 27067311 1 87 theme scales 254:259 arg1 combination 200:210 combination 200:210 combination of ordered colloidal and molecular length scales 200:259 Natural composites are hierarchically structured by combination of ordered colloidal and molecular length scales. 27067311 10 88 theme interactions 1978:1989 arg1 design 1954:1959 further rational design 1937:1959 further rational design of the molecular interactions 1937:1989 We envisage that further rational design of the molecular interactions will provide efficient tools for enhancing the multifunctional property profiles of such bioinspired nanocomposites. 27067311 8 89 theme bonds 1529:1533 arg1 amount 1510:1515 the amount 1506:1515 the amount of hydrogen bonds 1506:1533 Moreover, the amount of hydrogen bonds and the polymer fraction are decisive in defining the mechanical properties. 27067311 8 89 theme bonds 1529:1533 arg1 bonds 1529:1533 hydrogen bonds 1520:1533 hydrogen bonds 1520:1533 Moreover, the amount of hydrogen bonds and the polymer fraction are decisive in defining the mechanical properties. 27067311 8 89 theme bonds 1529:1533 arg1 decisive 1564:1571 decisive 1564:1571 decisive 1564:1571 Moreover, the amount of hydrogen bonds and the polymer fraction are decisive in defining the mechanical properties. 27067311 8 89 theme bonds 1529:1533 arg1 fraction 1551:1558 the polymer fraction 1539:1558 the polymer fraction 1539:1558 Moreover, the amount of hydrogen bonds and the polymer fraction are decisive in defining the mechanical properties. 27067311 9 90 dep strain 1841:1846 arg1 % 1857:1857 % 1857:1857 % 1857:1857 An Ashby plot comparing previous ordered CNC-based nanocomposites with our new hierarchical ones reveals that molecular engineering allows us to span an unprecedented mechanical property range from highest inelastic deformation (strain up to ∼13%) to highest stiffness (E ∼ 15 GPa) and combinations of both. 27067311 3 91 theme well-defined 586:597 arg1 structure 621:629 well-defined colloid-based helical structure 586:629 well-defined colloid-based helical structure 586:629 Here we describe a hierarchically self-assembled, cholesteric nanocomposite with well-defined colloid-based helical structure and supramolecular hydrogen bonds engineered on the molecular level in the polymer matrix. 27067311 9 92 theme mechanical 1779:1788 arg1 range 1799:1803 an unprecedented mechanical property range 1762:1803 an unprecedented mechanical property range from highest inelastic deformation (strain up to ∼13%) 1762:1858 An Ashby plot comparing previous ordered CNC-based nanocomposites with our new hierarchical ones reveals that molecular engineering allows us to span an unprecedented mechanical property range from highest inelastic deformation (strain up to ∼13%) to highest stiffness (E ∼ 15 GPa) and combinations of both. 27067311 3 93 dep self-assembled 539:552 arg1 cholesteric 555:565 cholesteric 555:565 cholesteric 555:565 Here we describe a hierarchically self-assembled, cholesteric nanocomposite with well-defined colloid-based helical structure and supramolecular hydrogen bonds engineered on the molecular level in the polymer matrix. 27067311 7 94 theme photonic 1477:1484 arg1 response 1486:1493 the photonic response 1473:1493 the photonic response 1473:1493 With respect to the effect of the supramolecular motifs, we demonstrate that those regulate the swelling when exposing the biomimetic hybrids to water, and they allow engineering the photonic response. 27067311 4 95 theme reversible 729:738 arg1 polymerization 772:785 reversible addition-fragmentation transfer polymerization 729:785 reversible addition-fragmentation transfer polymerization 729:785 We use reversible addition-fragmentation transfer polymerization to synthesize well-defined hydrophilic, nonionic polymers with a varying functionalization density of 4-fold hydrogen-bonding ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) motifs. 27067311 2 96 dep tools 452:456 arg1 engineer 461:468 engineer 461:468 to engineer multiscale deformation mechanisms 458:502 They inspire future, biomimetic, and lightweight nanocomposites, in which extraordinary mechanical properties are in reach by understanding and mastering hierarchical structure formation as tools to engineer multiscale deformation mechanisms. 27067311 2 97 theme hierarchical 416:427 arg1 formation 439:447 mastering hierarchical structure formation 406:447 mastering hierarchical structure formation 406:447 They inspire future, biomimetic, and lightweight nanocomposites, in which extraordinary mechanical properties are in reach by understanding and mastering hierarchical structure formation as tools to engineer multiscale deformation mechanisms. 27543020 5 0 theme less 1068:1071 arg1 precisions 1057:1066 the intra- and inter-day precisions 1032:1066 the intra- and inter-day precisions less than 7.2% 1032:1081 The relative recoveries from real human blood samples were in the range from 70% to 91% with the intra- and inter-day precisions less than 7.2%. 27543020 2 1 theme high 602:605 arg1 chromatography 626:639 high performance liquid chromatography 602:639 high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of the above mentioned two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood 602:727 It was used to develop the method based on in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) with in-situ derivatization (ISD) coupled to high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of the above mentioned two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood. 27543020 8 2 theme cancer 1579:1584 arg1 patients 1586:1593 suspected liver cancer patients 1563:1593 suspected liver cancer patients 1563:1593 Hence, the developed method might be applied in the screening of suspected liver cancer patients. 27543020 7 3 theme liver 1475:1479 arg1 patients 1488:1495 liver cancer patients 1475:1495 liver cancer patients 1475:1495 The t-test's results showed there is a statistically significant difference between the data from healthy persons and liver cancer patients. 27543020 2 4 used used 475:478 arg2 It 468:469 It 468:469 It 468:469 It was used to develop the method based on in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) with in-situ derivatization (ISD) coupled to high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of the above mentioned two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood. 27543020 4 5 theme detection 852:860 arg1 1.4 874:876 1.4 874:876 1.4 874:876 Under optimum conditions, the limits of detection (LODs) were 1.4 and 1.6 nmol L(-1) for hexanal and 2-butanone, respectively. 27543020 4 5 theme detection 852:860 arg1 limits 842:847 the limits 838:847 the limits of detection (LODs) 838:867 Under optimum conditions, the limits of detection (LODs) were 1.4 and 1.6 nmol L(-1) for hexanal and 2-butanone, respectively. 27543020 1 6 theme PTFE 456:459 arg1 tube 462:465 polytetrafluoro-ethlyene (PTFE) tube 430:465 polytetrafluoro-ethlyene (PTFE) tube 430:465 In order to highly enrich two liver cancer biomarkers (hexanal and 2-butanone) in human blood, in this study, natural nontoxic polydopamine/dialdehyde starch/chitosan (PD/DAS/CHI) coating material was synthesized and immobilized on the inner wall of polytetrafluoro-ethlyene (PTFE) tube. 27543020 5 7 theme % 1018:1018 arg1 % 1025:1025 70% to 91% 1016:1025 70% to 91% with the intra- and inter-day precisions less than 7.2% 1016:1081 The relative recoveries from real human blood samples were in the range from 70% to 91% with the intra- and inter-day precisions less than 7.2%. 27543020 6 8 from analysis 1142:1149 arg1 samples 1186:1192 blood samples 1180:1192 blood samples from healthy people with 0.42 ± 0.05 and 0.34 ± 0.04 μmol L(-1), while liver cancer patients with 1.90 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1) and 0.91 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1), respectively 1180:1354 Furthermore, this method was successfully applied for the analysis of hexanal and 2-butanone in blood samples from healthy people with 0.42 ± 0.05 and 0.34 ± 0.04 μmol L(-1), while liver cancer patients with 1.90 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1) and 0.91 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1), respectively. 27543020 1 9 theme human 262:266 arg1 blood 268:272 human blood 262:272 human blood 262:272 In order to highly enrich two liver cancer biomarkers (hexanal and 2-butanone) in human blood, in this study, natural nontoxic polydopamine/dialdehyde starch/chitosan (PD/DAS/CHI) coating material was synthesized and immobilized on the inner wall of polytetrafluoro-ethlyene (PTFE) tube. 27543020 5 10 from % 1025:1025 arg1 range 1005:1009 the range 1001:1009 the range from 70% to 91% with the intra- and inter-day precisions less than 7.2% 1001:1081 The relative recoveries from real human blood samples were in the range from 70% to 91% with the intra- and inter-day precisions less than 7.2%. 27543020 5 11 theme real 968:971 arg1 samples 985:991 real human blood samples 968:991 real human blood samples 968:991 The relative recoveries from real human blood samples were in the range from 70% to 91% with the intra- and inter-day precisions less than 7.2%. 27543020 6 12 theme blood 1180:1184 arg1 samples 1186:1192 blood samples 1180:1192 blood samples from healthy people with 0.42 ± 0.05 and 0.34 ± 0.04 μmol L(-1), while liver cancer patients with 1.90 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1) and 0.91 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1), respectively 1180:1354 Furthermore, this method was successfully applied for the analysis of hexanal and 2-butanone in blood samples from healthy people with 0.42 ± 0.05 and 0.34 ± 0.04 μmol L(-1), while liver cancer patients with 1.90 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1) and 0.91 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1), respectively. 27543020 2 13 theme solid-phase 519:529 arg1 IT-SPME 548:554 IT-SPME 548:554 IT-SPME 548:554 It was used to develop the method based on in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) with in-situ derivatization (ISD) coupled to high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of the above mentioned two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood. 27543020 2 13 theme solid-phase 519:529 arg1 microextraction 531:545 in-tube solid-phase microextraction 511:545 in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) with in-situ derivatization (ISD) coupled to high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of the above mentioned two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood 511:727 It was used to develop the method based on in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) with in-situ derivatization (ISD) coupled to high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of the above mentioned two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood. 27543020 6 14 theme healthy 1199:1205 arg1 people 1207:1212 healthy people 1199:1212 healthy people with 0.42 ± 0.05 and 0.34 ± 0.04 μmol L(-1), while liver cancer patients with 1.90 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1) and 0.91 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1), respectively 1199:1354 Furthermore, this method was successfully applied for the analysis of hexanal and 2-butanone in blood samples from healthy people with 0.42 ± 0.05 and 0.34 ± 0.04 μmol L(-1), while liver cancer patients with 1.90 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1) and 0.91 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1), respectively. 27543020 1 15 theme tube 462:465 arg1 wall 422:425 the inner wall 412:425 the inner wall of polytetrafluoro-ethlyene (PTFE) tube 412:465 In order to highly enrich two liver cancer biomarkers (hexanal and 2-butanone) in human blood, in this study, natural nontoxic polydopamine/dialdehyde starch/chitosan (PD/DAS/CHI) coating material was synthesized and immobilized on the inner wall of polytetrafluoro-ethlyene (PTFE) tube. 27543020 0 16 from blood 173:177 arg1 analysis 124:131 analysis 124:131 analysis of two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood 124:177 Polydopamine/dialdehyde starch/chitosan composite coating for in-tube solid-phase microextraction and in-situ derivation to analysis of two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood. 27543020 0 17 theme liver 140:144 arg1 biomarkers 153:162 two liver cancer biomarkers 136:162 two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood 136:177 Polydopamine/dialdehyde starch/chitosan composite coating for in-tube solid-phase microextraction and in-situ derivation to analysis of two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood. 27543020 3 18 theme simple 734:739 arg1 method 774:779 The simple, rapid and sensitive IT-SPME-ISD method 730:779 The simple, rapid and sensitive IT-SPME-ISD method 730:779 The simple, rapid and sensitive IT-SPME-ISD method can be finished within 11 min. 27543020 2 19 from blood 723:727 arg1 determination 649:661 the determination 645:661 the determination of the above mentioned two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood 645:727 It was used to develop the method based on in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) with in-situ derivatization (ISD) coupled to high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of the above mentioned two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood. 27543020 5 20 theme relative 943:950 arg1 recoveries 952:961 The relative recoveries 939:961 The relative recoveries from real human blood samples 939:991 The relative recoveries from real human blood samples were in the range from 70% to 91% with the intra- and inter-day precisions less than 7.2%. 27543020 8 21 theme liver 1573:1577 arg1 patients 1586:1593 suspected liver cancer patients 1563:1593 suspected liver cancer patients 1563:1593 Hence, the developed method might be applied in the screening of suspected liver cancer patients. 27543020 2 22 from biomarkers 703:712 arg1 blood 723:727 human blood 717:727 human blood 717:727 It was used to develop the method based on in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) with in-situ derivatization (ISD) coupled to high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of the above mentioned two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood. 27543020 6 23 theme cancer 1271:1276 arg1 patients 1278:1285 liver cancer patients 1265:1285 liver cancer patients with 1.90 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1) and 0.91 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1) 1265:1340 Furthermore, this method was successfully applied for the analysis of hexanal and 2-butanone in blood samples from healthy people with 0.42 ± 0.05 and 0.34 ± 0.04 μmol L(-1), while liver cancer patients with 1.90 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1) and 0.91 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1), respectively. 27543020 2 24 theme liver 690:694 arg1 biomarkers 703:712 the above mentioned two liver cancer biomarkers 666:712 the above mentioned two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood 666:727 It was used to develop the method based on in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) with in-situ derivatization (ISD) coupled to high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of the above mentioned two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood. 27543020 2 25 theme in-tube 511:517 arg1 IT-SPME 548:554 IT-SPME 548:554 IT-SPME 548:554 It was used to develop the method based on in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) with in-situ derivatization (ISD) coupled to high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of the above mentioned two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood. 27543020 2 25 theme in-tube 511:517 arg1 microextraction 531:545 in-tube solid-phase microextraction 511:545 in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) with in-situ derivatization (ISD) coupled to high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of the above mentioned two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood 511:727 It was used to develop the method based on in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) with in-situ derivatization (ISD) coupled to high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of the above mentioned two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood. 27543020 5 26 theme inter-day 1047:1055 arg1 precisions 1057:1066 the intra- and inter-day precisions 1032:1066 the intra- and inter-day precisions less than 7.2% 1032:1081 The relative recoveries from real human blood samples were in the range from 70% to 91% with the intra- and inter-day precisions less than 7.2%. 27543020 2 27 theme liquid 619:624 arg1 chromatography 626:639 high performance liquid chromatography 602:639 high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of the above mentioned two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood 602:727 It was used to develop the method based on in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) with in-situ derivatization (ISD) coupled to high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of the above mentioned two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood. 27543020 5 28 theme intra- 1036:1041 arg1 precisions 1057:1066 the intra- and inter-day precisions 1032:1066 the intra- and inter-day precisions less than 7.2% 1032:1081 The relative recoveries from real human blood samples were in the range from 70% to 91% with the intra- and inter-day precisions less than 7.2%. 27543020 2 29 theme performance 607:617 arg1 chromatography 626:639 high performance liquid chromatography 602:639 high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of the above mentioned two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood 602:727 It was used to develop the method based on in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) with in-situ derivatization (ISD) coupled to high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of the above mentioned two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood. 27543020 2 30 theme mentioned 676:684 arg1 biomarkers 703:712 the above mentioned two liver cancer biomarkers 666:712 the above mentioned two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood 666:727 It was used to develop the method based on in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) with in-situ derivatization (ISD) coupled to high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of the above mentioned two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood. 27543020 5 31 with % 1025:1025 arg1 precisions 1057:1066 the intra- and inter-day precisions 1032:1066 the intra- and inter-day precisions less than 7.2% 1032:1081 The relative recoveries from real human blood samples were in the range from 70% to 91% with the intra- and inter-day precisions less than 7.2%. 27543020 2 32 with microextraction 531:545 arg1 derivatization 570:583 in-situ derivatization 562:583 in-situ derivatization (ISD) coupled to high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of the above mentioned two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood 562:727 It was used to develop the method based on in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) with in-situ derivatization (ISD) coupled to high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of the above mentioned two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood. 27543020 2 32 with microextraction 531:545 arg1 ISD 586:588 ISD 586:588 ISD 586:588 It was used to develop the method based on in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) with in-situ derivatization (ISD) coupled to high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of the above mentioned two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood. 27543020 0 33 theme biomarkers 153:162 arg1 analysis 124:131 analysis 124:131 analysis of two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood 124:177 Polydopamine/dialdehyde starch/chitosan composite coating for in-tube solid-phase microextraction and in-situ derivation to analysis of two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood. 27543020 2 34 theme above 670:674 arg1 biomarkers 703:712 the above mentioned two liver cancer biomarkers 666:712 the above mentioned two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood 666:727 It was used to develop the method based on in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) with in-situ derivatization (ISD) coupled to high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of the above mentioned two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood. 27543020 6 35 theme 2-butanone 1166:1175 arg1 analysis 1142:1149 the analysis 1138:1149 the analysis of hexanal and 2-butanone in blood samples from healthy people with 0.42 ± 0.05 and 0.34 ± 0.04 μmol L(-1), while liver cancer patients with 1.90 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1) and 0.91 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1), respectively 1138:1354 Furthermore, this method was successfully applied for the analysis of hexanal and 2-butanone in blood samples from healthy people with 0.42 ± 0.05 and 0.34 ± 0.04 μmol L(-1), while liver cancer patients with 1.90 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1) and 0.91 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1), respectively. 27543020 1 36 theme liver 210:214 arg1 biomarkers 223:232 two liver cancer biomarkers 206:232 two liver cancer biomarkers (hexanal and 2-butanone) in human blood 206:272 In order to highly enrich two liver cancer biomarkers (hexanal and 2-butanone) in human blood, in this study, natural nontoxic polydopamine/dialdehyde starch/chitosan (PD/DAS/CHI) coating material was synthesized and immobilized on the inner wall of polytetrafluoro-ethlyene (PTFE) tube. 27543020 0 37 theme composite 40:48 arg1 coating 50:56 composite coating 40:56 composite coating for in-tube solid-phase microextraction and in-situ derivation to analysis of two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood 40:177 Polydopamine/dialdehyde starch/chitosan composite coating for in-tube solid-phase microextraction and in-situ derivation to analysis of two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood. 27543020 0 38 theme cancer 146:151 arg1 biomarkers 153:162 two liver cancer biomarkers 136:162 two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood 136:177 Polydopamine/dialdehyde starch/chitosan composite coating for in-tube solid-phase microextraction and in-situ derivation to analysis of two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood. 27543020 5 39 from samples 985:991 arg1 recoveries 952:961 The relative recoveries 939:961 The relative recoveries from real human blood samples 939:991 The relative recoveries from real human blood samples were in the range from 70% to 91% with the intra- and inter-day precisions less than 7.2%. 27543020 1 40 theme cancer 216:221 arg1 biomarkers 223:232 two liver cancer biomarkers 206:232 two liver cancer biomarkers (hexanal and 2-butanone) in human blood 206:272 In order to highly enrich two liver cancer biomarkers (hexanal and 2-butanone) in human blood, in this study, natural nontoxic polydopamine/dialdehyde starch/chitosan (PD/DAS/CHI) coating material was synthesized and immobilized on the inner wall of polytetrafluoro-ethlyene (PTFE) tube. 27543020 0 41 theme in-tube 62:68 arg1 microextraction 82:96 in-tube solid-phase microextraction 62:96 in-tube solid-phase microextraction 62:96 Polydopamine/dialdehyde starch/chitosan composite coating for in-tube solid-phase microextraction and in-situ derivation to analysis of two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood. 27543020 3 42 theme rapid 742:746 arg1 method 774:779 The simple, rapid and sensitive IT-SPME-ISD method 730:779 The simple, rapid and sensitive IT-SPME-ISD method 730:779 The simple, rapid and sensitive IT-SPME-ISD method can be finished within 11 min. 27543020 0 43 theme human 167:171 arg1 blood 173:177 human blood 167:177 human blood 167:177 Polydopamine/dialdehyde starch/chitosan composite coating for in-tube solid-phase microextraction and in-situ derivation to analysis of two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood. 27543020 7 44 theme healthy 1455:1461 arg1 persons 1463:1469 healthy persons 1455:1469 healthy persons 1455:1469 The t-test's results showed there is a statistically significant difference between the data from healthy persons and liver cancer patients. 27543020 4 45 theme optimum 818:824 arg1 conditions 826:835 optimum conditions 818:835 optimum conditions 818:835 Under optimum conditions, the limits of detection (LODs) were 1.4 and 1.6 nmol L(-1) for hexanal and 2-butanone, respectively. 27543020 8 46 theme suspected 1563:1571 arg1 patients 1586:1593 suspected liver cancer patients 1563:1593 suspected liver cancer patients 1563:1593 Hence, the developed method might be applied in the screening of suspected liver cancer patients. 27543020 3 47 theme sensitive 752:760 arg1 method 774:779 The simple, rapid and sensitive IT-SPME-ISD method 730:779 The simple, rapid and sensitive IT-SPME-ISD method 730:779 The simple, rapid and sensitive IT-SPME-ISD method can be finished within 11 min. 27543020 1 48 theme natural 290:296 arg1 PD/DAS/CHI 348:357 PD/DAS/CHI 348:357 PD/DAS/CHI 348:357 In order to highly enrich two liver cancer biomarkers (hexanal and 2-butanone) in human blood, in this study, natural nontoxic polydopamine/dialdehyde starch/chitosan (PD/DAS/CHI) coating material was synthesized and immobilized on the inner wall of polytetrafluoro-ethlyene (PTFE) tube. 27543020 1 48 theme natural 290:296 arg1 starch/chitosan 331:345 natural nontoxic polydopamine/dialdehyde starch/chitosan 290:345 natural nontoxic polydopamine/dialdehyde starch/chitosan (PD/DAS/CHI) coating material 290:375 In order to highly enrich two liver cancer biomarkers (hexanal and 2-butanone) in human blood, in this study, natural nontoxic polydopamine/dialdehyde starch/chitosan (PD/DAS/CHI) coating material was synthesized and immobilized on the inner wall of polytetrafluoro-ethlyene (PTFE) tube. 27543020 7 49 theme cancer 1481:1486 arg1 patients 1488:1495 liver cancer patients 1475:1495 liver cancer patients 1475:1495 The t-test's results showed there is a statistically significant difference between the data from healthy persons and liver cancer patients. 27543020 3 50 theme IT-SPME-ISD 762:772 arg1 method 774:779 The simple, rapid and sensitive IT-SPME-ISD method 730:779 The simple, rapid and sensitive IT-SPME-ISD method 730:779 The simple, rapid and sensitive IT-SPME-ISD method can be finished within 11 min. 27543020 1 51 from biomarkers 223:232 arg1 blood 268:272 human blood 262:272 human blood 262:272 In order to highly enrich two liver cancer biomarkers (hexanal and 2-butanone) in human blood, in this study, natural nontoxic polydopamine/dialdehyde starch/chitosan (PD/DAS/CHI) coating material was synthesized and immobilized on the inner wall of polytetrafluoro-ethlyene (PTFE) tube. 27543020 1 52 theme nontoxic 298:305 arg1 PD/DAS/CHI 348:357 PD/DAS/CHI 348:357 PD/DAS/CHI 348:357 In order to highly enrich two liver cancer biomarkers (hexanal and 2-butanone) in human blood, in this study, natural nontoxic polydopamine/dialdehyde starch/chitosan (PD/DAS/CHI) coating material was synthesized and immobilized on the inner wall of polytetrafluoro-ethlyene (PTFE) tube. 27543020 1 52 theme nontoxic 298:305 arg1 starch/chitosan 331:345 natural nontoxic polydopamine/dialdehyde starch/chitosan 290:345 natural nontoxic polydopamine/dialdehyde starch/chitosan (PD/DAS/CHI) coating material 290:375 In order to highly enrich two liver cancer biomarkers (hexanal and 2-butanone) in human blood, in this study, natural nontoxic polydopamine/dialdehyde starch/chitosan (PD/DAS/CHI) coating material was synthesized and immobilized on the inner wall of polytetrafluoro-ethlyene (PTFE) tube. 27543020 7 53 from patients 1488:1495 arg1 data 1445:1448 the data 1441:1448 the data from healthy persons and liver cancer patients 1441:1495 The t-test's results showed there is a statistically significant difference between the data from healthy persons and liver cancer patients. 27543020 1 54 theme inner 416:420 arg1 wall 422:425 the inner wall 412:425 the inner wall of polytetrafluoro-ethlyene (PTFE) tube 412:465 In order to highly enrich two liver cancer biomarkers (hexanal and 2-butanone) in human blood, in this study, natural nontoxic polydopamine/dialdehyde starch/chitosan (PD/DAS/CHI) coating material was synthesized and immobilized on the inner wall of polytetrafluoro-ethlyene (PTFE) tube. 27543020 6 55 theme hexanal 1154:1160 arg1 analysis 1142:1149 the analysis 1138:1149 the analysis of hexanal and 2-butanone in blood samples from healthy people with 0.42 ± 0.05 and 0.34 ± 0.04 μmol L(-1), while liver cancer patients with 1.90 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1) and 0.91 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1), respectively 1138:1354 Furthermore, this method was successfully applied for the analysis of hexanal and 2-butanone in blood samples from healthy people with 0.42 ± 0.05 and 0.34 ± 0.04 μmol L(-1), while liver cancer patients with 1.90 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1) and 0.91 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1), respectively. 27543020 2 56 from determination 649:661 arg1 blood 723:727 human blood 717:727 human blood 717:727 It was used to develop the method based on in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) with in-situ derivatization (ISD) coupled to high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of the above mentioned two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood. 27543020 0 57 theme solid-phase 70:80 arg1 microextraction 82:96 in-tube solid-phase microextraction 62:96 in-tube solid-phase microextraction 62:96 Polydopamine/dialdehyde starch/chitosan composite coating for in-tube solid-phase microextraction and in-situ derivation to analysis of two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood. 27543020 1 58 theme polydopamine/dialdehyde 307:329 arg1 PD/DAS/CHI 348:357 PD/DAS/CHI 348:357 PD/DAS/CHI 348:357 In order to highly enrich two liver cancer biomarkers (hexanal and 2-butanone) in human blood, in this study, natural nontoxic polydopamine/dialdehyde starch/chitosan (PD/DAS/CHI) coating material was synthesized and immobilized on the inner wall of polytetrafluoro-ethlyene (PTFE) tube. 27543020 1 58 theme polydopamine/dialdehyde 307:329 arg1 starch/chitosan 331:345 natural nontoxic polydopamine/dialdehyde starch/chitosan 290:345 natural nontoxic polydopamine/dialdehyde starch/chitosan (PD/DAS/CHI) coating material 290:375 In order to highly enrich two liver cancer biomarkers (hexanal and 2-butanone) in human blood, in this study, natural nontoxic polydopamine/dialdehyde starch/chitosan (PD/DAS/CHI) coating material was synthesized and immobilized on the inner wall of polytetrafluoro-ethlyene (PTFE) tube. 27543020 6 59 theme liver 1265:1269 arg1 patients 1278:1285 liver cancer patients 1265:1285 liver cancer patients with 1.90 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1) and 0.91 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1) 1265:1340 Furthermore, this method was successfully applied for the analysis of hexanal and 2-butanone in blood samples from healthy people with 0.42 ± 0.05 and 0.34 ± 0.04 μmol L(-1), while liver cancer patients with 1.90 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1) and 0.91 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1), respectively. 27543020 2 60 theme biomarkers 703:712 arg1 determination 649:661 the determination 645:661 the determination of the above mentioned two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood 645:727 It was used to develop the method based on in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) with in-situ derivatization (ISD) coupled to high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of the above mentioned two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood. 27543020 8 61 theme developed 1509:1517 arg1 method 1519:1524 the developed method 1505:1524 the developed method 1505:1524 Hence, the developed method might be applied in the screening of suspected liver cancer patients. 27543020 6 62 with people 1207:1212 arg1 -1 1254:1255 -1 1254:1255 -1 1254:1255 Furthermore, this method was successfully applied for the analysis of hexanal and 2-butanone in blood samples from healthy people with 0.42 ± 0.05 and 0.34 ± 0.04 μmol L(-1), while liver cancer patients with 1.90 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1) and 0.91 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1), respectively. 27543020 6 62 with people 1207:1212 arg1 0.34 ± 0.04 μmol L 1235:1252 0.34 ± 0.04 μmol L 1235:1252 0.34 ± 0.04 μmol L 1235:1252 Furthermore, this method was successfully applied for the analysis of hexanal and 2-butanone in blood samples from healthy people with 0.42 ± 0.05 and 0.34 ± 0.04 μmol L(-1), while liver cancer patients with 1.90 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1) and 0.91 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1), respectively. 27543020 6 62 with people 1207:1212 arg1 0.42 ± 0.05 1219:1229 0.42 ± 0.05 1219:1229 0.42 ± 0.05 1219:1229 Furthermore, this method was successfully applied for the analysis of hexanal and 2-butanone in blood samples from healthy people with 0.42 ± 0.05 and 0.34 ± 0.04 μmol L(-1), while liver cancer patients with 1.90 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1) and 0.91 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1), respectively. 27543020 1 63 dep biomarkers 223:232 arg1 2-butanone 247:256 2-butanone 247:256 2-butanone 247:256 In order to highly enrich two liver cancer biomarkers (hexanal and 2-butanone) in human blood, in this study, natural nontoxic polydopamine/dialdehyde starch/chitosan (PD/DAS/CHI) coating material was synthesized and immobilized on the inner wall of polytetrafluoro-ethlyene (PTFE) tube. 27543020 1 63 dep biomarkers 223:232 arg1 hexanal 235:241 hexanal 235:241 hexanal 235:241 In order to highly enrich two liver cancer biomarkers (hexanal and 2-butanone) in human blood, in this study, natural nontoxic polydopamine/dialdehyde starch/chitosan (PD/DAS/CHI) coating material was synthesized and immobilized on the inner wall of polytetrafluoro-ethlyene (PTFE) tube. 27543020 2 64 theme cancer 696:701 arg1 biomarkers 703:712 the above mentioned two liver cancer biomarkers 666:712 the above mentioned two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood 666:727 It was used to develop the method based on in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) with in-situ derivatization (ISD) coupled to high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of the above mentioned two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood. 27543020 6 65 from samples 1186:1192 arg1 analysis 1142:1149 the analysis 1138:1149 the analysis of hexanal and 2-butanone in blood samples from healthy people with 0.42 ± 0.05 and 0.34 ± 0.04 μmol L(-1), while liver cancer patients with 1.90 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1) and 0.91 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1), respectively 1138:1354 Furthermore, this method was successfully applied for the analysis of hexanal and 2-butanone in blood samples from healthy people with 0.42 ± 0.05 and 0.34 ± 0.04 μmol L(-1), while liver cancer patients with 1.90 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1) and 0.91 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1), respectively. 27543020 6 65 from samples 1186:1192 arg1 2-butanone 1166:1175 2-butanone 1166:1175 2-butanone 1166:1175 Furthermore, this method was successfully applied for the analysis of hexanal and 2-butanone in blood samples from healthy people with 0.42 ± 0.05 and 0.34 ± 0.04 μmol L(-1), while liver cancer patients with 1.90 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1) and 0.91 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1), respectively. 27543020 5 66 dep % 1025:1025 arg1 to 1020:1021 to 1020:1021 to 1020:1021 The relative recoveries from real human blood samples were in the range from 70% to 91% with the intra- and inter-day precisions less than 7.2%. 27543020 2 67 theme in-situ 562:568 arg1 derivatization 570:583 in-situ derivatization 562:583 in-situ derivatization (ISD) coupled to high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of the above mentioned two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood 562:727 It was used to develop the method based on in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) with in-situ derivatization (ISD) coupled to high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of the above mentioned two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood. 27543020 2 67 theme in-situ 562:568 arg1 ISD 586:588 ISD 586:588 ISD 586:588 It was used to develop the method based on in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) with in-situ derivatization (ISD) coupled to high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of the above mentioned two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood. 27543020 1 68 theme polytetrafluoro-ethlyene 430:453 arg1 tube 462:465 polytetrafluoro-ethlyene (PTFE) tube 430:465 polytetrafluoro-ethlyene (PTFE) tube 430:465 In order to highly enrich two liver cancer biomarkers (hexanal and 2-butanone) in human blood, in this study, natural nontoxic polydopamine/dialdehyde starch/chitosan (PD/DAS/CHI) coating material was synthesized and immobilized on the inner wall of polytetrafluoro-ethlyene (PTFE) tube. 27543020 2 69 theme human 717:721 arg1 blood 723:727 human blood 717:727 human blood 717:727 It was used to develop the method based on in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) with in-situ derivatization (ISD) coupled to high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of the above mentioned two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood. 27543020 6 70 with patients 1278:1285 arg1 -1 1338:1339 -1 1338:1339 -1 1338:1339 Furthermore, this method was successfully applied for the analysis of hexanal and 2-butanone in blood samples from healthy people with 0.42 ± 0.05 and 0.34 ± 0.04 μmol L(-1), while liver cancer patients with 1.90 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1) and 0.91 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1), respectively. 27543020 6 70 with patients 1278:1285 arg1 -1 1311:1312 -1 1311:1312 -1 1311:1312 Furthermore, this method was successfully applied for the analysis of hexanal and 2-butanone in blood samples from healthy people with 0.42 ± 0.05 and 0.34 ± 0.04 μmol L(-1), while liver cancer patients with 1.90 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1) and 0.91 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1), respectively. 27543020 6 70 with patients 1278:1285 arg1 0.91 ± 0.07 μmol L 1319:1336 0.91 ± 0.07 μmol L 1319:1336 0.91 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1) 1319:1340 Furthermore, this method was successfully applied for the analysis of hexanal and 2-butanone in blood samples from healthy people with 0.42 ± 0.05 and 0.34 ± 0.04 μmol L(-1), while liver cancer patients with 1.90 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1) and 0.91 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1), respectively. 27543020 6 70 with patients 1278:1285 arg1 μmol L 1304:1309 1.90 ± 0.07 μmol L 1292:1309 1.90 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1) 1292:1313 Furthermore, this method was successfully applied for the analysis of hexanal and 2-butanone in blood samples from healthy people with 0.42 ± 0.05 and 0.34 ± 0.04 μmol L(-1), while liver cancer patients with 1.90 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1) and 0.91 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1), respectively. 27543020 6 71 from 2-butanone 1166:1175 arg1 samples 1186:1192 blood samples 1180:1192 blood samples from healthy people with 0.42 ± 0.05 and 0.34 ± 0.04 μmol L(-1), while liver cancer patients with 1.90 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1) and 0.91 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1), respectively 1180:1354 Furthermore, this method was successfully applied for the analysis of hexanal and 2-butanone in blood samples from healthy people with 0.42 ± 0.05 and 0.34 ± 0.04 μmol L(-1), while liver cancer patients with 1.90 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1) and 0.91 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1), respectively. 27543020 0 72 theme in-situ 102:108 arg1 derivation 110:119 in-situ derivation 102:119 in-situ derivation to analysis of two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood 102:177 Polydopamine/dialdehyde starch/chitosan composite coating for in-tube solid-phase microextraction and in-situ derivation to analysis of two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood. 27543020 0 73 from analysis 124:131 arg1 blood 173:177 human blood 167:177 human blood 167:177 Polydopamine/dialdehyde starch/chitosan composite coating for in-tube solid-phase microextraction and in-situ derivation to analysis of two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood. 27543020 5 74 theme human 973:977 arg1 samples 985:991 real human blood samples 968:991 real human blood samples 968:991 The relative recoveries from real human blood samples were in the range from 70% to 91% with the intra- and inter-day precisions less than 7.2%. 27543020 7 75 from persons 1463:1469 arg1 data 1445:1448 the data 1441:1448 the data from healthy persons and liver cancer patients 1441:1495 The t-test's results showed there is a statistically significant difference between the data from healthy persons and liver cancer patients. 27543020 0 76 from biomarkers 153:162 arg1 blood 173:177 human blood 167:177 human blood 167:177 Polydopamine/dialdehyde starch/chitosan composite coating for in-tube solid-phase microextraction and in-situ derivation to analysis of two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood. 27543020 5 77 theme blood 979:983 arg1 samples 985:991 real human blood samples 968:991 real human blood samples 968:991 The relative recoveries from real human blood samples were in the range from 70% to 91% with the intra- and inter-day precisions less than 7.2%. 27543020 6 78 from people 1207:1212 arg1 samples 1186:1192 blood samples 1180:1192 blood samples from healthy people with 0.42 ± 0.05 and 0.34 ± 0.04 μmol L(-1), while liver cancer patients with 1.90 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1) and 0.91 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1), respectively 1180:1354 Furthermore, this method was successfully applied for the analysis of hexanal and 2-butanone in blood samples from healthy people with 0.42 ± 0.05 and 0.34 ± 0.04 μmol L(-1), while liver cancer patients with 1.90 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1) and 0.91 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1), respectively. 27543020 8 79 theme patients 1586:1593 arg1 screening 1550:1558 the screening 1546:1558 the screening of suspected liver cancer patients 1546:1593 Hence, the developed method might be applied in the screening of suspected liver cancer patients. 27543020 7 80 theme significant 1410:1420 arg1 difference 1422:1431 a statistically significant difference 1394:1431 a statistically significant difference between the data from healthy persons and liver cancer patients 1394:1495 The t-test's results showed there is a statistically significant difference between the data from healthy persons and liver cancer patients. 25843853 5 0 theme composite 719:727 arg1 films 729:733 CAGO composite films 714:733 CAGO composite films 714:733 Nevertheless, CAGO composite films offered an improved high energy light-shielding capacity when compared to pristine CA films. 25843853 7 1 theme UV-protective 1069:1081 arg1 films 1021:1025 These CAGO composite films 1000:1025 These CAGO composite films 1000:1025 These CAGO composite films can be potentially applied as transparent UV-protective coatings for packing biomedical, pharmaceutical, and food products. 25843853 7 1 theme UV-protective 1069:1081 arg1 coatings 1083:1090 transparent UV-protective coatings 1057:1090 transparent UV-protective coatings for packing biomedical, pharmaceutical, and food products 1057:1148 These CAGO composite films can be potentially applied as transparent UV-protective coatings for packing biomedical, pharmaceutical, and food products. 25843853 2 2 theme transparent 350:360 arg1 films 403:407 transparent and ultraviolet (UV) shielding composite films 350:407 transparent and ultraviolet (UV) shielding composite films based on GO and cellulose acetate (CA) 350:446 In this work, we present the fabrication and characterization of transparent and ultraviolet (UV) shielding composite films based on GO and cellulose acetate (CA). 25843853 0 3 theme graphene 78:85 arg1 oxide 87:91 graphene oxide 78:91 graphene oxide 78:91 Fabrication of transparent and ultraviolet shielding composite films based on graphene oxide and cellulose acetate. 25843853 4 4 located found 678:682 arg1 surface 691:697 the surface 687:697 the surface 687:697 Moreover, the GO sheets were completely embedded within the CA matrix and no presence of this nanomaterial was found at the surface. 25843853 4 4 located found 678:682 arg2 presence 644:651 no presence 641:651 no presence of this nanomaterial 641:672 Moreover, the GO sheets were completely embedded within the CA matrix and no presence of this nanomaterial was found at the surface. 25843853 7 5 theme transparent 1057:1067 arg1 films 1021:1025 These CAGO composite films 1000:1025 These CAGO composite films 1000:1025 These CAGO composite films can be potentially applied as transparent UV-protective coatings for packing biomedical, pharmaceutical, and food products. 25843853 7 5 theme transparent 1057:1067 arg1 coatings 1083:1090 transparent UV-protective coatings 1057:1090 transparent UV-protective coatings for packing biomedical, pharmaceutical, and food products 1057:1148 These CAGO composite films can be potentially applied as transparent UV-protective coatings for packing biomedical, pharmaceutical, and food products. 25843853 0 6 theme cellulose 97:105 arg1 acetate 107:113 cellulose acetate 97:113 cellulose acetate 97:113 Fabrication of transparent and ultraviolet shielding composite films based on graphene oxide and cellulose acetate. 25843853 6 7 theme CAGO 866:869 arg1 film 871:874 the CAGO film 862:874 the CAGO film containing 0.50wt% GO 862:896 Particularly for UVC irradiation, the CAGO film containing 0.50wt% GO displayed a UV-shielding capacity of 57%, combined with 79% optical transparency under visible light. 25843853 4 8 theme CA 627:628 arg1 matrix 630:635 the CA matrix 623:635 the CA matrix 623:635 Moreover, the GO sheets were completely embedded within the CA matrix and no presence of this nanomaterial was found at the surface. 25843853 1 9 theme high 266:269 arg1 area 279:282 high surface area 266:282 high surface area 266:282 Graphene oxide (GO) has been considered a promising filler material for building polymeric nanocomposites because of its excellent dispersibility and high surface area. 25843853 5 10 theme light-shielding 767:781 arg1 capacity 783:790 an improved high energy light-shielding capacity 743:790 an improved high energy light-shielding capacity 743:790 Nevertheless, CAGO composite films offered an improved high energy light-shielding capacity when compared to pristine CA films. 25843853 6 11 theme % 937:937 arg1 capacity 923:930 a UV-shielding capacity 908:930 a UV-shielding capacity 908:930 Particularly for UVC irradiation, the CAGO film containing 0.50wt% GO displayed a UV-shielding capacity of 57%, combined with 79% optical transparency under visible light. 25843853 3 12 dep sheets 452:457 arg1 GO 449:450 GO 449:450 GO 449:450 GO sheets were found to be well-dispersed throughout the CA matrix, providing smooth and homogeneous composite films. 25843853 1 13 theme surface 271:277 arg1 area 279:282 high surface area 266:282 high surface area 266:282 Graphene oxide (GO) has been considered a promising filler material for building polymeric nanocomposites because of its excellent dispersibility and high surface area. 25843853 6 14 contain containing 876:885 arg1 film 871:874 the CAGO film 862:874 the CAGO film containing 0.50wt% GO 862:896 Particularly for UVC irradiation, the CAGO film containing 0.50wt% GO displayed a UV-shielding capacity of 57%, combined with 79% optical transparency under visible light. 25843853 6 14 contain containing 876:885 arg2 % 893:893 0.50wt% GO 887:896 0.50wt% GO 887:896 Particularly for UVC irradiation, the CAGO film containing 0.50wt% GO displayed a UV-shielding capacity of 57%, combined with 79% optical transparency under visible light. 25843853 2 15 theme shielding 383:391 arg1 films 403:407 transparent and ultraviolet (UV) shielding composite films 350:407 transparent and ultraviolet (UV) shielding composite films based on GO and cellulose acetate (CA) 350:446 In this work, we present the fabrication and characterization of transparent and ultraviolet (UV) shielding composite films based on GO and cellulose acetate (CA). 25843853 5 16 theme high 755:758 arg1 capacity 783:790 an improved high energy light-shielding capacity 743:790 an improved high energy light-shielding capacity 743:790 Nevertheless, CAGO composite films offered an improved high energy light-shielding capacity when compared to pristine CA films. 25843853 7 17 theme biomedical 1104:1113 arg1 products 1141:1148 packing biomedical, pharmaceutical, and food products 1096:1148 packing biomedical, pharmaceutical, and food products 1096:1148 These CAGO composite films can be potentially applied as transparent UV-protective coatings for packing biomedical, pharmaceutical, and food products. 25843853 1 18 dep oxide 125:129 arg1 GO 132:133 GO 132:133 GO 132:133 Graphene oxide (GO) has been considered a promising filler material for building polymeric nanocomposites because of its excellent dispersibility and high surface area. 25843853 1 19 theme promising 158:166 arg1 material 175:182 a promising filler material 156:182 a promising filler material for building polymeric nanocomposites because of its excellent dispersibility and high surface area 156:282 Graphene oxide (GO) has been considered a promising filler material for building polymeric nanocomposites because of its excellent dispersibility and high surface area. 25843853 5 20 theme energy 760:765 arg1 capacity 783:790 an improved high energy light-shielding capacity 743:790 an improved high energy light-shielding capacity 743:790 Nevertheless, CAGO composite films offered an improved high energy light-shielding capacity when compared to pristine CA films. 25843853 6 21 theme UVC 845:847 arg1 irradiation 849:859 UVC irradiation 845:859 UVC irradiation 845:859 Particularly for UVC irradiation, the CAGO film containing 0.50wt% GO displayed a UV-shielding capacity of 57%, combined with 79% optical transparency under visible light. 25843853 2 22 dep fabrication 314:324 arg1 the 310:312 the 310:312 the 310:312 In this work, we present the fabrication and characterization of transparent and ultraviolet (UV) shielding composite films based on GO and cellulose acetate (CA). 25843853 1 23 theme filler 168:173 arg1 material 175:182 a promising filler material 156:182 a promising filler material for building polymeric nanocomposites because of its excellent dispersibility and high surface area 156:282 Graphene oxide (GO) has been considered a promising filler material for building polymeric nanocomposites because of its excellent dispersibility and high surface area. 25843853 2 24 theme cellulose 425:433 arg1 CA 444:445 CA 444:445 CA 444:445 In this work, we present the fabrication and characterization of transparent and ultraviolet (UV) shielding composite films based on GO and cellulose acetate (CA). 25843853 2 24 theme cellulose 425:433 arg1 acetate 435:441 cellulose acetate 425:441 cellulose acetate (CA) 425:446 In this work, we present the fabrication and characterization of transparent and ultraviolet (UV) shielding composite films based on GO and cellulose acetate (CA). 25843853 3 25 theme homogeneous 538:548 arg1 films 560:564 smooth and homogeneous composite films 527:564 smooth and homogeneous composite films 527:564 GO sheets were found to be well-dispersed throughout the CA matrix, providing smooth and homogeneous composite films. 25843853 6 26 dep % 893:893 arg1 GO 895:896 GO 895:896 GO 895:896 Particularly for UVC irradiation, the CAGO film containing 0.50wt% GO displayed a UV-shielding capacity of 57%, combined with 79% optical transparency under visible light. 25843853 5 27 theme pristine 809:816 arg1 films 821:825 pristine CA films 809:825 pristine CA films 809:825 Nevertheless, CAGO composite films offered an improved high energy light-shielding capacity when compared to pristine CA films. 25843853 2 28 attach present 302:308 arg2 we 299:300 we 299:300 we 299:300 In this work, we present the fabrication and characterization of transparent and ultraviolet (UV) shielding composite films based on GO and cellulose acetate (CA). 25843853 2 28 attach present 302:308 arg1 work 293:296 this work 288:296 this work 288:296 In this work, we present the fabrication and characterization of transparent and ultraviolet (UV) shielding composite films based on GO and cellulose acetate (CA). 25843853 7 29 theme composite 1011:1019 arg1 coatings 1083:1090 transparent UV-protective coatings 1057:1090 transparent UV-protective coatings for packing biomedical, pharmaceutical, and food products 1057:1148 These CAGO composite films can be potentially applied as transparent UV-protective coatings for packing biomedical, pharmaceutical, and food products. 25843853 7 29 theme composite 1011:1019 arg1 films 1021:1025 These CAGO composite films 1000:1025 These CAGO composite films 1000:1025 These CAGO composite films can be potentially applied as transparent UV-protective coatings for packing biomedical, pharmaceutical, and food products. 25843853 5 30 theme improved 746:753 arg1 capacity 783:790 an improved high energy light-shielding capacity 743:790 an improved high energy light-shielding capacity 743:790 Nevertheless, CAGO composite films offered an improved high energy light-shielding capacity when compared to pristine CA films. 25843853 0 31 theme transparent 15:25 arg1 films 63:67 transparent and ultraviolet shielding composite films 15:67 transparent and ultraviolet shielding composite films 15:67 Fabrication of transparent and ultraviolet shielding composite films based on graphene oxide and cellulose acetate. 25843853 3 32 theme smooth 527:532 arg1 films 560:564 smooth and homogeneous composite films 527:564 smooth and homogeneous composite films 527:564 GO sheets were found to be well-dispersed throughout the CA matrix, providing smooth and homogeneous composite films. 25843853 0 33 theme shielding 43:51 arg1 films 63:67 transparent and ultraviolet shielding composite films 15:67 transparent and ultraviolet shielding composite films 15:67 Fabrication of transparent and ultraviolet shielding composite films based on graphene oxide and cellulose acetate. 25843853 6 34 theme UV-shielding 910:921 arg1 capacity 923:930 a UV-shielding capacity 908:930 a UV-shielding capacity 908:930 Particularly for UVC irradiation, the CAGO film containing 0.50wt% GO displayed a UV-shielding capacity of 57%, combined with 79% optical transparency under visible light. 25843853 1 35 theme polymeric 197:205 arg1 nanocomposites 207:220 polymeric nanocomposites 197:220 polymeric nanocomposites 197:220 Graphene oxide (GO) has been considered a promising filler material for building polymeric nanocomposites because of its excellent dispersibility and high surface area. 25843853 2 36 theme films 403:407 arg1 characterization 330:345 characterization 330:345 characterization 330:345 In this work, we present the fabrication and characterization of transparent and ultraviolet (UV) shielding composite films based on GO and cellulose acetate (CA). 25843853 2 36 theme films 403:407 arg1 fabrication 314:324 fabrication 314:324 fabrication 314:324 In this work, we present the fabrication and characterization of transparent and ultraviolet (UV) shielding composite films based on GO and cellulose acetate (CA). 25843853 0 37 theme ultraviolet 31:41 arg1 films 63:67 transparent and ultraviolet shielding composite films 15:67 transparent and ultraviolet shielding composite films 15:67 Fabrication of transparent and ultraviolet shielding composite films based on graphene oxide and cellulose acetate. 25843853 7 38 theme CAGO 1006:1009 arg1 coatings 1083:1090 transparent UV-protective coatings 1057:1090 transparent UV-protective coatings for packing biomedical, pharmaceutical, and food products 1057:1148 These CAGO composite films can be potentially applied as transparent UV-protective coatings for packing biomedical, pharmaceutical, and food products. 25843853 7 38 theme CAGO 1006:1009 arg1 films 1021:1025 These CAGO composite films 1000:1025 These CAGO composite films 1000:1025 These CAGO composite films can be potentially applied as transparent UV-protective coatings for packing biomedical, pharmaceutical, and food products. 25843853 7 39 theme pharmaceutical 1116:1129 arg1 products 1141:1148 packing biomedical, pharmaceutical, and food products 1096:1148 packing biomedical, pharmaceutical, and food products 1096:1148 These CAGO composite films can be potentially applied as transparent UV-protective coatings for packing biomedical, pharmaceutical, and food products. 25843853 2 40 theme composite 393:401 arg1 films 403:407 transparent and ultraviolet (UV) shielding composite films 350:407 transparent and ultraviolet (UV) shielding composite films based on GO and cellulose acetate (CA) 350:446 In this work, we present the fabrication and characterization of transparent and ultraviolet (UV) shielding composite films based on GO and cellulose acetate (CA). 25843853 0 41 theme films 63:67 arg1 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication of transparent and ultraviolet shielding composite films 0:67 Fabrication of transparent and ultraviolet shielding composite films based on graphene oxide and cellulose acetate. 25843853 3 42 theme composite 550:558 arg1 films 560:564 smooth and homogeneous composite films 527:564 smooth and homogeneous composite films 527:564 GO sheets were found to be well-dispersed throughout the CA matrix, providing smooth and homogeneous composite films. 25843853 1 43 theme Graphene 116:123 arg1 oxide 125:129 Graphene oxide 116:129 Graphene oxide (GO) 116:134 Graphene oxide (GO) has been considered a promising filler material for building polymeric nanocomposites because of its excellent dispersibility and high surface area. 25843853 0 44 theme composite 53:61 arg1 films 63:67 transparent and ultraviolet shielding composite films 15:67 transparent and ultraviolet shielding composite films 15:67 Fabrication of transparent and ultraviolet shielding composite films based on graphene oxide and cellulose acetate. 25843853 4 45 dep sheets 584:589 arg1 GO 581:582 GO 581:582 GO 581:582 Moreover, the GO sheets were completely embedded within the CA matrix and no presence of this nanomaterial was found at the surface. 25843853 4 46 theme nanomaterial 661:672 arg1 presence 644:651 no presence 641:651 no presence of this nanomaterial 641:672 Moreover, the GO sheets were completely embedded within the CA matrix and no presence of this nanomaterial was found at the surface. 25843853 7 47 theme packing 1096:1102 arg1 products 1141:1148 packing biomedical, pharmaceutical, and food products 1096:1148 packing biomedical, pharmaceutical, and food products 1096:1148 These CAGO composite films can be potentially applied as transparent UV-protective coatings for packing biomedical, pharmaceutical, and food products. 25843853 3 48 theme CA 506:507 arg1 matrix 509:514 the CA matrix 502:514 the CA matrix 502:514 GO sheets were found to be well-dispersed throughout the CA matrix, providing smooth and homogeneous composite films. 25843853 6 49 theme optical 958:964 arg1 transparency 966:977 79% optical transparency 954:977 79% optical transparency 954:977 Particularly for UVC irradiation, the CAGO film containing 0.50wt% GO displayed a UV-shielding capacity of 57%, combined with 79% optical transparency under visible light. 25843853 5 50 theme CA 818:819 arg1 films 821:825 pristine CA films 809:825 pristine CA films 809:825 Nevertheless, CAGO composite films offered an improved high energy light-shielding capacity when compared to pristine CA films. 25843853 6 51 theme % 956:956 arg1 transparency 966:977 79% optical transparency 954:977 79% optical transparency 954:977 Particularly for UVC irradiation, the CAGO film containing 0.50wt% GO displayed a UV-shielding capacity of 57%, combined with 79% optical transparency under visible light. 25843853 5 52 theme CAGO 714:717 arg1 films 729:733 CAGO composite films 714:733 CAGO composite films 714:733 Nevertheless, CAGO composite films offered an improved high energy light-shielding capacity when compared to pristine CA films. 25843853 6 53 theme 0.50wt 887:892 arg1 % 893:893 0.50wt% GO 887:896 0.50wt% GO 887:896 Particularly for UVC irradiation, the CAGO film containing 0.50wt% GO displayed a UV-shielding capacity of 57%, combined with 79% optical transparency under visible light. 25843853 6 54 theme 79 954:955 arg1 % 956:956 % 956:956 % 956:956 Particularly for UVC irradiation, the CAGO film containing 0.50wt% GO displayed a UV-shielding capacity of 57%, combined with 79% optical transparency under visible light. 25843853 6 55 theme visible 985:991 arg1 light 993:997 visible light 985:997 visible light 985:997 Particularly for UVC irradiation, the CAGO film containing 0.50wt% GO displayed a UV-shielding capacity of 57%, combined with 79% optical transparency under visible light. 25843853 7 56 theme food 1136:1139 arg1 products 1141:1148 packing biomedical, pharmaceutical, and food products 1096:1148 packing biomedical, pharmaceutical, and food products 1096:1148 These CAGO composite films can be potentially applied as transparent UV-protective coatings for packing biomedical, pharmaceutical, and food products. 25843853 1 57 theme excellent 237:245 arg1 dispersibility 247:260 its excellent dispersibility 233:260 its excellent dispersibility 233:260 Graphene oxide (GO) has been considered a promising filler material for building polymeric nanocomposites because of its excellent dispersibility and high surface area. 26187763 8 0 theme average 1143:1149 arg1 diameter 1151:1158 average diameter 1143:1158 average diameter of 160-230μm, respectively 1143:1185 The results from the particle size analyzer (PSA) revealed that all the KC-Zn beads followed logarithmic normal size distribution with the range of 50-350μm and average diameter of 160-230μm, respectively. 26187763 10 1 theme hydrodynamic 1510:1521 arg1 behavior 1523:1530 hydrodynamic behavior 1510:1530 hydrodynamic behavior of prepared matrix 1510:1549 The effects of matrix density and liquid phase viscosity on hydrodynamic behavior of prepared matrix have been investigated by residence time distribution (RTD) experiments in an expanded bed. 26187763 5 2 theme composite 674:682 arg1 KC-Zn 704:708 KC-Zn 704:708 KC-Zn 704:708 The prepared composite matrix was named as KC-Zn. 26187763 5 2 theme composite 674:682 arg1 matrix 684:689 The prepared composite matrix 661:689 The prepared composite matrix 661:689 The prepared composite matrix was named as KC-Zn. 26187763 7 3 theme good 886:889 arg1 shape 901:905 good spherical shape 886:905 good spherical shape 886:905 These analyses approved good spherical shape and porous structure with nano-scale pores in the range of about 60-180nm. 26187763 9 4 theme % 1404:1404 arg1 density 1337:1343 an appropriate wet density 1318:1343 an appropriate wet density in the range of 1.39-2.27g/ml 1318:1373 Main physical properties of KC-Zn matrices were measured as a function of zinc powder ratio to κ-carrageenan slurry, which showed an appropriate wet density in the range of 1.39-2.27g/ml, water content of 72.67-36.41% and porosity of 98.07-80.24%, respectively. 26187763 9 4 theme % 1404:1404 arg1 content 1382:1388 water content 1376:1388 water content of 72.67-36.41% 1376:1404 Main physical properties of KC-Zn matrices were measured as a function of zinc powder ratio to κ-carrageenan slurry, which showed an appropriate wet density in the range of 1.39-2.27g/ml, water content of 72.67-36.41% and porosity of 98.07-80.24%, respectively. 26187763 9 4 theme % 1404:1404 arg1 porosity 1410:1417 porosity 1410:1417 porosity of 98.07-80.24%, respectively 1410:1447 Main physical properties of KC-Zn matrices were measured as a function of zinc powder ratio to κ-carrageenan slurry, which showed an appropriate wet density in the range of 1.39-2.27g/ml, water content of 72.67-36.41% and porosity of 98.07-80.24%, respectively. 26187763 12 5 theme expanded 1942:1949 arg1 bed 1951:1953 expanded bed 1942:1953 expanded bed 1942:1953 Moreover, an enhancement in the fluid viscosity led to an increase in the bed expansion and a decrease in the stability of expanded bed. 26187763 4 6 theme polymeric 609:617 arg1 κ-carrageenan 562:574 κ-carrageenan 562:574 κ-carrageenan 562:574 In order to develop an adsorbent with desirable qualities and reduce the costs, κ-carrageenan and zinc powder were used as the polymeric skeleton and the densifier, respectively. 26187763 4 6 theme polymeric 609:617 arg1 powder 585:590 zinc powder 580:590 zinc powder 580:590 In order to develop an adsorbent with desirable qualities and reduce the costs, κ-carrageenan and zinc powder were used as the polymeric skeleton and the densifier, respectively. 26187763 4 6 theme polymeric 609:617 arg1 skeleton 619:626 the polymeric skeleton 605:626 the polymeric skeleton 605:626 In order to develop an adsorbent with desirable qualities and reduce the costs, κ-carrageenan and zinc powder were used as the polymeric skeleton and the densifier, respectively. 26187763 9 7 theme Main 1188:1191 arg1 function 1250:1257 a function 1248:1257 a function of zinc powder ratio to κ-carrageenan slurry, which showed an appropriate wet density in the range of 1.39-2.27g/ml, water content of 72.67-36.41% and porosity of 98.07-80.24%, respectively 1248:1447 Main physical properties of KC-Zn matrices were measured as a function of zinc powder ratio to κ-carrageenan slurry, which showed an appropriate wet density in the range of 1.39-2.27g/ml, water content of 72.67-36.41% and porosity of 98.07-80.24%, respectively. 26187763 9 7 theme Main 1188:1191 arg1 properties 1202:1211 Main physical properties 1188:1211 Main physical properties of KC-Zn matrices 1188:1229 Main physical properties of KC-Zn matrices were measured as a function of zinc powder ratio to κ-carrageenan slurry, which showed an appropriate wet density in the range of 1.39-2.27g/ml, water content of 72.67-36.41% and porosity of 98.07-80.24%, respectively. 26187763 7 8 with structure 918:926 arg1 pores 944:948 nano-scale pores 933:948 nano-scale pores in the range of about 60-180nm 933:979 These analyses approved good spherical shape and porous structure with nano-scale pores in the range of about 60-180nm. 26187763 0 9 link Cross-linked 0:11 arg1 matrix 61:66 Cross-linked κ-carrageenan polymer/zinc nanoporous composite matrix 0:66 Cross-linked κ-carrageenan polymer/zinc nanoporous composite matrix for expanded bed application: Fabrication and hydrodynamic characterization. 0:143 Cross-linked κ-carrageenan polymer/zinc nanoporous composite matrix for expanded bed application: Fabrication and hydrodynamic characterization. 26187763 10 10 theme matrix 1544:1549 arg1 behavior 1523:1530 hydrodynamic behavior 1510:1530 hydrodynamic behavior of prepared matrix 1510:1549 The effects of matrix density and liquid phase viscosity on hydrodynamic behavior of prepared matrix have been investigated by residence time distribution (RTD) experiments in an expanded bed. 26187763 1 11 theme separation 189:198 arg1 technique 200:208 a reliable separation technique 178:208 a reliable separation technique for the purification of bioproducts from complex feedstocks 178:268 Expanded bed adsorption (EBA) is a reliable separation technique for the purification of bioproducts from complex feedstocks. 26187763 1 11 theme separation 189:198 arg1 adsorption 158:167 Expanded bed adsorption 145:167 Expanded bed adsorption (EBA) 145:173 Expanded bed adsorption (EBA) is a reliable separation technique for the purification of bioproducts from complex feedstocks. 26187763 14 12 theme possible 2182:2189 arg1 use 2191:2193 possible use 2182:2193 possible use in high flow rate 2182:2211 All the results demonstrated that proper physical properties and hydrodynamic characteristics of KC-Zn matrix confirm good potential for possible use in high flow rate expanded bed operations. 26187763 8 13 theme particle 1003:1010 arg1 PSA 1027:1029 PSA 1027:1029 PSA 1027:1029 The results from the particle size analyzer (PSA) revealed that all the KC-Zn beads followed logarithmic normal size distribution with the range of 50-350μm and average diameter of 160-230μm, respectively. 26187763 8 13 theme particle 1003:1010 arg1 analyzer 1017:1024 the particle size analyzer 999:1024 the particle size analyzer (PSA) 999:1030 The results from the particle size analyzer (PSA) revealed that all the KC-Zn beads followed logarithmic normal size distribution with the range of 50-350μm and average diameter of 160-230μm, respectively. 26187763 10 14 theme time 1587:1590 arg1 RTD 1606:1608 RTD 1606:1608 RTD 1606:1608 The effects of matrix density and liquid phase viscosity on hydrodynamic behavior of prepared matrix have been investigated by residence time distribution (RTD) experiments in an expanded bed. 26187763 10 14 theme time 1587:1590 arg1 distribution 1592:1603 residence time distribution 1577:1603 residence time distribution (RTD) experiments in an expanded bed 1577:1640 The effects of matrix density and liquid phase viscosity on hydrodynamic behavior of prepared matrix have been investigated by residence time distribution (RTD) experiments in an expanded bed. 26187763 9 15 theme KC-Zn 1216:1220 arg1 matrices 1222:1229 KC-Zn matrices 1216:1229 KC-Zn matrices 1216:1229 Main physical properties of KC-Zn matrices were measured as a function of zinc powder ratio to κ-carrageenan slurry, which showed an appropriate wet density in the range of 1.39-2.27g/ml, water content of 72.67-36.41% and porosity of 98.07-80.24%, respectively. 26187763 2 16 theme expanded 337:344 arg1 bed 346:348 a stable expanded bed 328:348 a stable expanded bed 328:348 The specifically designed adsorbent is necessary to form a stable expanded bed. 26187763 11 17 theme mixing 1789:1794 arg1 coefficient 1796:1806 the axial mixing coefficient 1779:1806 the axial mixing coefficient 1779:1806 The results indicated that in a constant liquid velocity as the matrix density was increased, the expansion factor of bed decreased and the axial mixing coefficient increased. 26187763 11 18 dep velocity 1691:1698 arg1 increased 1726:1734 increased 1726:1734 was increased 1722:1734 The results indicated that in a constant liquid velocity as the matrix density was increased, the expansion factor of bed decreased and the axial mixing coefficient increased. 26187763 1 19 theme bioproducts 234:244 arg1 purification 218:229 the purification 214:229 the purification of bioproducts from complex feedstocks 214:268 Expanded bed adsorption (EBA) is a reliable separation technique for the purification of bioproducts from complex feedstocks. 26187763 7 20 from pores 944:948 arg1 range 957:961 the range 953:961 the range of about 60-180nm 953:979 These analyses approved good spherical shape and porous structure with nano-scale pores in the range of about 60-180nm. 26187763 14 21 theme physical 2086:2093 arg1 properties 2095:2104 proper physical properties 2079:2104 proper physical properties 2079:2104 All the results demonstrated that proper physical properties and hydrodynamic characteristics of KC-Zn matrix confirm good potential for possible use in high flow rate expanded bed operations. 26187763 1 22 theme bed 154:156 arg1 adsorption 158:167 Expanded bed adsorption 145:167 Expanded bed adsorption (EBA) 145:173 Expanded bed adsorption (EBA) is a reliable separation technique for the purification of bioproducts from complex feedstocks. 26187763 1 22 theme bed 154:156 arg1 technique 200:208 a reliable separation technique 178:208 a reliable separation technique for the purification of bioproducts from complex feedstocks 178:268 Expanded bed adsorption (EBA) is a reliable separation technique for the purification of bioproducts from complex feedstocks. 26187763 1 22 theme bed 154:156 arg1 EBA 170:172 EBA 170:172 EBA 170:172 Expanded bed adsorption (EBA) is a reliable separation technique for the purification of bioproducts from complex feedstocks. 26187763 9 23 theme zinc 1262:1265 arg1 ratio 1274:1278 zinc powder ratio 1262:1278 zinc powder ratio to κ-carrageenan slurry, which showed an appropriate wet density in the range of 1.39-2.27g/ml, water content of 72.67-36.41% and porosity of 98.07-80.24%, respectively 1262:1447 Main physical properties of KC-Zn matrices were measured as a function of zinc powder ratio to κ-carrageenan slurry, which showed an appropriate wet density in the range of 1.39-2.27g/ml, water content of 72.67-36.41% and porosity of 98.07-80.24%, respectively. 26187763 11 24 theme matrix 1707:1712 arg1 density 1714:1720 the matrix density 1703:1720 the matrix density 1703:1720 The results indicated that in a constant liquid velocity as the matrix density was increased, the expansion factor of bed decreased and the axial mixing coefficient increased. 26187763 0 25 theme bed 81:83 arg1 application 85:95 expanded bed application 72:95 expanded bed application 72:95 Cross-linked κ-carrageenan polymer/zinc nanoporous composite matrix for expanded bed application: Fabrication and hydrodynamic characterization. 26187763 9 26 theme ratio 1274:1278 arg1 properties 1202:1211 Main physical properties 1188:1211 Main physical properties of KC-Zn matrices 1188:1229 Main physical properties of KC-Zn matrices were measured as a function of zinc powder ratio to κ-carrageenan slurry, which showed an appropriate wet density in the range of 1.39-2.27g/ml, water content of 72.67-36.41% and porosity of 98.07-80.24%, respectively. 26187763 9 26 theme ratio 1274:1278 arg1 function 1250:1257 a function 1248:1257 a function of zinc powder ratio to κ-carrageenan slurry, which showed an appropriate wet density in the range of 1.39-2.27g/ml, water content of 72.67-36.41% and porosity of 98.07-80.24%, respectively 1248:1447 Main physical properties of KC-Zn matrices were measured as a function of zinc powder ratio to κ-carrageenan slurry, which showed an appropriate wet density in the range of 1.39-2.27g/ml, water content of 72.67-36.41% and porosity of 98.07-80.24%, respectively. 26187763 4 27 theme desirable 520:528 arg1 qualities 530:538 desirable qualities 520:538 desirable qualities 520:538 In order to develop an adsorbent with desirable qualities and reduce the costs, κ-carrageenan and zinc powder were used as the polymeric skeleton and the densifier, respectively. 26187763 14 28 theme proper 2079:2084 arg1 properties 2095:2104 proper physical properties 2079:2104 proper physical properties 2079:2104 All the results demonstrated that proper physical properties and hydrodynamic characteristics of KC-Zn matrix confirm good potential for possible use in high flow rate expanded bed operations. 26187763 11 29 theme expansion 1741:1749 arg1 factor 1751:1756 the expansion factor 1737:1756 the expansion factor of bed 1737:1763 The results indicated that in a constant liquid velocity as the matrix density was increased, the expansion factor of bed decreased and the axial mixing coefficient increased. 26187763 9 30 theme κ-carrageenan 1283:1295 arg1 slurry 1297:1302 κ-carrageenan slurry 1283:1302 κ-carrageenan slurry 1283:1302 Main physical properties of KC-Zn matrices were measured as a function of zinc powder ratio to κ-carrageenan slurry, which showed an appropriate wet density in the range of 1.39-2.27g/ml, water content of 72.67-36.41% and porosity of 98.07-80.24%, respectively. 26187763 7 31 theme 60-180nm 972:979 arg1 range 957:961 the range 953:961 the range of about 60-180nm 953:979 These analyses approved good spherical shape and porous structure with nano-scale pores in the range of about 60-180nm. 26187763 3 32 theme water-in-oil 453:464 arg1 emulsification 466:479 water-in-oil emulsification 453:479 water-in-oil emulsification 453:479 In the present work, a novel custom-designed composite matrix has been prepared through the method of water-in-oil emulsification. 26187763 12 33 theme fluid 1851:1855 arg1 viscosity 1857:1865 the fluid viscosity 1847:1865 the fluid viscosity 1847:1865 Moreover, an enhancement in the fluid viscosity led to an increase in the bed expansion and a decrease in the stability of expanded bed. 26187763 13 34 dep Therefore 1956:1964 arg1 using 1966:1970 using 1966:1970 using a matrix with higher density 1966:1999 Therefore using a matrix with higher density seems necessary to face viscous feedstocks. 26187763 6 35 theme Optical 711:717 arg1 microscope 719:728 Optical microscope 711:728 Optical microscope (OM) 711:733 Optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were applied to characterize the morphology and structure of prepared composite matrix. 26187763 6 35 theme Optical 711:717 arg1 OM 731:732 OM 731:732 OM 731:732 Optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were applied to characterize the morphology and structure of prepared composite matrix. 26187763 0 36 theme Cross-linked 0:11 arg1 matrix 61:66 Cross-linked κ-carrageenan polymer/zinc nanoporous composite matrix 0:66 Cross-linked κ-carrageenan polymer/zinc nanoporous composite matrix for expanded bed application: Fabrication and hydrodynamic characterization. 0:143 Cross-linked κ-carrageenan polymer/zinc nanoporous composite matrix for expanded bed application: Fabrication and hydrodynamic characterization. 26187763 9 37 theme appropriate 1321:1331 arg1 density 1337:1343 an appropriate wet density 1318:1343 an appropriate wet density in the range of 1.39-2.27g/ml 1318:1373 Main physical properties of KC-Zn matrices were measured as a function of zinc powder ratio to κ-carrageenan slurry, which showed an appropriate wet density in the range of 1.39-2.27g/ml, water content of 72.67-36.41% and porosity of 98.07-80.24%, respectively. 26187763 8 38 theme KC-Zn 1054:1058 arg1 beads 1060:1064 all the KC-Zn beads 1046:1064 all the KC-Zn beads 1046:1064 The results from the particle size analyzer (PSA) revealed that all the KC-Zn beads followed logarithmic normal size distribution with the range of 50-350μm and average diameter of 160-230μm, respectively. 26187763 3 39 theme custom-designed 380:394 arg1 matrix 406:411 a novel custom-designed composite matrix 372:411 a novel custom-designed composite matrix 372:411 In the present work, a novel custom-designed composite matrix has been prepared through the method of water-in-oil emulsification. 26187763 0 40 theme polymer/zinc 27:38 arg1 matrix 61:66 Cross-linked κ-carrageenan polymer/zinc nanoporous composite matrix 0:66 Cross-linked κ-carrageenan polymer/zinc nanoporous composite matrix for expanded bed application: Fabrication and hydrodynamic characterization. 0:143 Cross-linked κ-carrageenan polymer/zinc nanoporous composite matrix for expanded bed application: Fabrication and hydrodynamic characterization. 26187763 9 41 from porosity 1410:1417 arg1 range 1352:1356 the range 1348:1356 the range of 1.39-2.27g/ml 1348:1373 Main physical properties of KC-Zn matrices were measured as a function of zinc powder ratio to κ-carrageenan slurry, which showed an appropriate wet density in the range of 1.39-2.27g/ml, water content of 72.67-36.41% and porosity of 98.07-80.24%, respectively. 26187763 10 42 theme matrix 1465:1470 arg1 density 1472:1478 matrix density 1465:1478 matrix density 1465:1478 The effects of matrix density and liquid phase viscosity on hydrodynamic behavior of prepared matrix have been investigated by residence time distribution (RTD) experiments in an expanded bed. 26187763 11 43 theme constant 1675:1682 arg1 velocity 1691:1698 a constant liquid velocity 1673:1698 a constant liquid velocity as the matrix density was increased 1673:1734 The results indicated that in a constant liquid velocity as the matrix density was increased, the expansion factor of bed decreased and the axial mixing coefficient increased. 26187763 14 44 theme flow 2203:2206 arg1 rate 2208:2211 high flow rate 2198:2211 high flow rate 2198:2211 All the results demonstrated that proper physical properties and hydrodynamic characteristics of KC-Zn matrix confirm good potential for possible use in high flow rate expanded bed operations. 26187763 0 45 theme composite 51:59 arg1 matrix 61:66 Cross-linked κ-carrageenan polymer/zinc nanoporous composite matrix 0:66 Cross-linked κ-carrageenan polymer/zinc nanoporous composite matrix for expanded bed application: Fabrication and hydrodynamic characterization. 0:143 Cross-linked κ-carrageenan polymer/zinc nanoporous composite matrix for expanded bed application: Fabrication and hydrodynamic characterization. 26187763 8 46 theme normal 1087:1092 arg1 distribution 1099:1110 logarithmic normal size distribution 1075:1110 logarithmic normal size distribution 1075:1110 The results from the particle size analyzer (PSA) revealed that all the KC-Zn beads followed logarithmic normal size distribution with the range of 50-350μm and average diameter of 160-230μm, respectively. 26187763 12 47 theme bed 1951:1953 arg1 stability 1929:1937 the stability 1925:1937 the stability of expanded bed 1925:1953 Moreover, an enhancement in the fluid viscosity led to an increase in the bed expansion and a decrease in the stability of expanded bed. 26187763 6 48 theme matrix 854:859 arg1 morphology 807:816 morphology 807:816 morphology 807:816 Optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were applied to characterize the morphology and structure of prepared composite matrix. 26187763 6 48 theme matrix 854:859 arg1 structure 822:830 structure 822:830 structure 822:830 Optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were applied to characterize the morphology and structure of prepared composite matrix. 26187763 10 49 theme phase 1491:1495 arg1 viscosity 1497:1505 liquid phase viscosity 1484:1505 liquid phase viscosity 1484:1505 The effects of matrix density and liquid phase viscosity on hydrodynamic behavior of prepared matrix have been investigated by residence time distribution (RTD) experiments in an expanded bed. 26187763 7 50 theme nano-scale 933:942 arg1 pores 944:948 nano-scale pores 933:948 nano-scale pores in the range of about 60-180nm 933:979 These analyses approved good spherical shape and porous structure with nano-scale pores in the range of about 60-180nm. 26187763 6 51 theme prepared 835:842 arg1 matrix 854:859 prepared composite matrix 835:859 prepared composite matrix 835:859 Optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were applied to characterize the morphology and structure of prepared composite matrix. 26187763 10 52 theme prepared 1535:1542 arg1 matrix 1544:1549 prepared matrix 1535:1549 prepared matrix 1535:1549 The effects of matrix density and liquid phase viscosity on hydrodynamic behavior of prepared matrix have been investigated by residence time distribution (RTD) experiments in an expanded bed. 26187763 6 53 theme scanning 739:746 arg1 SEM 769:771 SEM 769:771 SEM 769:771 Optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were applied to characterize the morphology and structure of prepared composite matrix. 26187763 6 53 theme scanning 739:746 arg1 microscope 757:766 scanning electron microscope 739:766 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 739:772 Optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were applied to characterize the morphology and structure of prepared composite matrix. 26187763 8 54 from analyzer 1017:1024 arg1 results 986:992 The results 982:992 The results from the particle size analyzer (PSA) 982:1030 The results from the particle size analyzer (PSA) revealed that all the KC-Zn beads followed logarithmic normal size distribution with the range of 50-350μm and average diameter of 160-230μm, respectively. 26187763 5 55 theme prepared 665:672 arg1 KC-Zn 704:708 KC-Zn 704:708 KC-Zn 704:708 The prepared composite matrix was named as KC-Zn. 26187763 5 55 theme prepared 665:672 arg1 matrix 684:689 The prepared composite matrix 661:689 The prepared composite matrix 661:689 The prepared composite matrix was named as KC-Zn. 26187763 7 56 with shape 901:905 arg1 pores 944:948 nano-scale pores 933:948 nano-scale pores in the range of about 60-180nm 933:979 These analyses approved good spherical shape and porous structure with nano-scale pores in the range of about 60-180nm. 26187763 14 57 theme matrix 2148:2153 arg1 properties 2095:2104 proper physical properties 2079:2104 proper physical properties 2079:2104 All the results demonstrated that proper physical properties and hydrodynamic characteristics of KC-Zn matrix confirm good potential for possible use in high flow rate expanded bed operations. 26187763 14 57 theme matrix 2148:2153 arg1 characteristics 2123:2137 hydrodynamic characteristics 2110:2137 hydrodynamic characteristics 2110:2137 All the results demonstrated that proper physical properties and hydrodynamic characteristics of KC-Zn matrix confirm good potential for possible use in high flow rate expanded bed operations. 26187763 13 58 with matrix 1974:1979 arg1 density 1993:1999 higher density 1986:1999 higher density 1986:1999 Therefore using a matrix with higher density seems necessary to face viscous feedstocks. 26187763 7 59 theme spherical 891:899 arg1 shape 901:905 good spherical shape 886:905 good spherical shape 886:905 These analyses approved good spherical shape and porous structure with nano-scale pores in the range of about 60-180nm. 26187763 8 60 theme diameter 1151:1158 arg1 range 1121:1125 the range 1117:1125 the range of 50-350μm and average diameter of 160-230μm, respectively 1117:1185 The results from the particle size analyzer (PSA) revealed that all the KC-Zn beads followed logarithmic normal size distribution with the range of 50-350μm and average diameter of 160-230μm, respectively. 26187763 14 61 theme good 2163:2166 arg1 potential 2168:2176 good potential for possible use in high flow rate expanded bed operations 2163:2235 good potential for possible use in high flow rate expanded bed operations 2163:2235 All the results demonstrated that proper physical properties and hydrodynamic characteristics of KC-Zn matrix confirm good potential for possible use in high flow rate expanded bed operations. 26187763 9 62 theme physical 1193:1200 arg1 function 1250:1257 a function 1248:1257 a function of zinc powder ratio to κ-carrageenan slurry, which showed an appropriate wet density in the range of 1.39-2.27g/ml, water content of 72.67-36.41% and porosity of 98.07-80.24%, respectively 1248:1447 Main physical properties of KC-Zn matrices were measured as a function of zinc powder ratio to κ-carrageenan slurry, which showed an appropriate wet density in the range of 1.39-2.27g/ml, water content of 72.67-36.41% and porosity of 98.07-80.24%, respectively. 26187763 9 62 theme physical 1193:1200 arg1 properties 1202:1211 Main physical properties 1188:1211 Main physical properties of KC-Zn matrices 1188:1229 Main physical properties of KC-Zn matrices were measured as a function of zinc powder ratio to κ-carrageenan slurry, which showed an appropriate wet density in the range of 1.39-2.27g/ml, water content of 72.67-36.41% and porosity of 98.07-80.24%, respectively. 26187763 1 63 theme reliable 180:187 arg1 technique 200:208 a reliable separation technique 178:208 a reliable separation technique for the purification of bioproducts from complex feedstocks 178:268 Expanded bed adsorption (EBA) is a reliable separation technique for the purification of bioproducts from complex feedstocks. 26187763 1 63 theme reliable 180:187 arg1 adsorption 158:167 Expanded bed adsorption 145:167 Expanded bed adsorption (EBA) 145:173 Expanded bed adsorption (EBA) is a reliable separation technique for the purification of bioproducts from complex feedstocks. 26187763 8 64 theme 160-230μm 1163:1171 arg1 50-350μm 1130:1137 50-350μm 1130:1137 50-350μm 1130:1137 The results from the particle size analyzer (PSA) revealed that all the KC-Zn beads followed logarithmic normal size distribution with the range of 50-350μm and average diameter of 160-230μm, respectively. 26187763 8 64 theme 160-230μm 1163:1171 arg1 diameter 1151:1158 average diameter 1143:1158 average diameter of 160-230μm, respectively 1143:1185 The results from the particle size analyzer (PSA) revealed that all the KC-Zn beads followed logarithmic normal size distribution with the range of 50-350μm and average diameter of 160-230μm, respectively. 26187763 10 65 from experiments 1611:1621 arg1 bed 1638:1640 an expanded bed 1626:1640 an expanded bed 1626:1640 The effects of matrix density and liquid phase viscosity on hydrodynamic behavior of prepared matrix have been investigated by residence time distribution (RTD) experiments in an expanded bed. 26187763 8 66 theme size 1012:1015 arg1 PSA 1027:1029 PSA 1027:1029 PSA 1027:1029 The results from the particle size analyzer (PSA) revealed that all the KC-Zn beads followed logarithmic normal size distribution with the range of 50-350μm and average diameter of 160-230μm, respectively. 26187763 8 66 theme size 1012:1015 arg1 analyzer 1017:1024 the particle size analyzer 999:1024 the particle size analyzer (PSA) 999:1030 The results from the particle size analyzer (PSA) revealed that all the KC-Zn beads followed logarithmic normal size distribution with the range of 50-350μm and average diameter of 160-230μm, respectively. 26187763 14 67 theme KC-Zn 2142:2146 arg1 matrix 2148:2153 KC-Zn matrix 2142:2153 KC-Zn matrix 2142:2153 All the results demonstrated that proper physical properties and hydrodynamic characteristics of KC-Zn matrix confirm good potential for possible use in high flow rate expanded bed operations. 26187763 10 68 theme distribution 1592:1603 arg1 experiments 1611:1621 residence time distribution (RTD) experiments 1577:1621 residence time distribution (RTD) experiments in an expanded bed 1577:1640 The effects of matrix density and liquid phase viscosity on hydrodynamic behavior of prepared matrix have been investigated by residence time distribution (RTD) experiments in an expanded bed. 26187763 9 69 theme % 1433:1433 arg1 density 1337:1343 an appropriate wet density 1318:1343 an appropriate wet density in the range of 1.39-2.27g/ml 1318:1373 Main physical properties of KC-Zn matrices were measured as a function of zinc powder ratio to κ-carrageenan slurry, which showed an appropriate wet density in the range of 1.39-2.27g/ml, water content of 72.67-36.41% and porosity of 98.07-80.24%, respectively. 26187763 9 69 theme % 1433:1433 arg1 content 1382:1388 water content 1376:1388 water content of 72.67-36.41% 1376:1404 Main physical properties of KC-Zn matrices were measured as a function of zinc powder ratio to κ-carrageenan slurry, which showed an appropriate wet density in the range of 1.39-2.27g/ml, water content of 72.67-36.41% and porosity of 98.07-80.24%, respectively. 26187763 9 69 theme % 1433:1433 arg1 porosity 1410:1417 porosity 1410:1417 porosity of 98.07-80.24%, respectively 1410:1447 Main physical properties of KC-Zn matrices were measured as a function of zinc powder ratio to κ-carrageenan slurry, which showed an appropriate wet density in the range of 1.39-2.27g/ml, water content of 72.67-36.41% and porosity of 98.07-80.24%, respectively. 26187763 13 70 theme face 2020:2023 arg1 feedstocks 2033:2042 face viscous feedstocks 2020:2042 face viscous feedstocks 2020:2042 Therefore using a matrix with higher density seems necessary to face viscous feedstocks. 26187763 6 71 dep morphology 807:816 arg1 the 803:805 the 803:805 the 803:805 Optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were applied to characterize the morphology and structure of prepared composite matrix. 26187763 10 72 theme residence 1577:1585 arg1 RTD 1606:1608 RTD 1606:1608 RTD 1606:1608 The effects of matrix density and liquid phase viscosity on hydrodynamic behavior of prepared matrix have been investigated by residence time distribution (RTD) experiments in an expanded bed. 26187763 10 72 theme residence 1577:1585 arg1 distribution 1592:1603 residence time distribution 1577:1603 residence time distribution (RTD) experiments in an expanded bed 1577:1640 The effects of matrix density and liquid phase viscosity on hydrodynamic behavior of prepared matrix have been investigated by residence time distribution (RTD) experiments in an expanded bed. 26187763 9 73 theme matrices 1222:1229 arg1 function 1250:1257 a function 1248:1257 a function of zinc powder ratio to κ-carrageenan slurry, which showed an appropriate wet density in the range of 1.39-2.27g/ml, water content of 72.67-36.41% and porosity of 98.07-80.24%, respectively 1248:1447 Main physical properties of KC-Zn matrices were measured as a function of zinc powder ratio to κ-carrageenan slurry, which showed an appropriate wet density in the range of 1.39-2.27g/ml, water content of 72.67-36.41% and porosity of 98.07-80.24%, respectively. 26187763 9 73 theme matrices 1222:1229 arg1 properties 1202:1211 Main physical properties 1188:1211 Main physical properties of KC-Zn matrices 1188:1229 Main physical properties of KC-Zn matrices were measured as a function of zinc powder ratio to κ-carrageenan slurry, which showed an appropriate wet density in the range of 1.39-2.27g/ml, water content of 72.67-36.41% and porosity of 98.07-80.24%, respectively. 26187763 2 74 theme stable 330:335 arg1 bed 346:348 a stable expanded bed 328:348 a stable expanded bed 328:348 The specifically designed adsorbent is necessary to form a stable expanded bed. 26187763 12 75 from enhancement 1832:1842 arg1 viscosity 1857:1865 the fluid viscosity 1847:1865 the fluid viscosity 1847:1865 Moreover, an enhancement in the fluid viscosity led to an increase in the bed expansion and a decrease in the stability of expanded bed. 26187763 14 76 theme hydrodynamic 2110:2121 arg1 characteristics 2123:2137 hydrodynamic characteristics 2110:2137 hydrodynamic characteristics 2110:2137 All the results demonstrated that proper physical properties and hydrodynamic characteristics of KC-Zn matrix confirm good potential for possible use in high flow rate expanded bed operations. 26187763 11 77 theme bed 1761:1763 arg1 factor 1751:1756 the expansion factor 1737:1756 the expansion factor of bed 1737:1763 The results indicated that in a constant liquid velocity as the matrix density was increased, the expansion factor of bed decreased and the axial mixing coefficient increased. 26187763 12 78 theme bed 1893:1895 arg1 expansion 1897:1905 the bed expansion 1889:1905 the bed expansion 1889:1905 Moreover, an enhancement in the fluid viscosity led to an increase in the bed expansion and a decrease in the stability of expanded bed. 26187763 1 79 from feedstocks 259:268 arg1 purification 218:229 the purification 214:229 the purification of bioproducts from complex feedstocks 214:268 Expanded bed adsorption (EBA) is a reliable separation technique for the purification of bioproducts from complex feedstocks. 26187763 1 79 from feedstocks 259:268 arg1 bioproducts 234:244 bioproducts 234:244 bioproducts from complex feedstocks 234:268 Expanded bed adsorption (EBA) is a reliable separation technique for the purification of bioproducts from complex feedstocks. 26187763 1 80 theme Expanded 145:152 arg1 adsorption 158:167 Expanded bed adsorption 145:167 Expanded bed adsorption (EBA) 145:173 Expanded bed adsorption (EBA) is a reliable separation technique for the purification of bioproducts from complex feedstocks. 26187763 1 80 theme Expanded 145:152 arg1 technique 200:208 a reliable separation technique 178:208 a reliable separation technique for the purification of bioproducts from complex feedstocks 178:268 Expanded bed adsorption (EBA) is a reliable separation technique for the purification of bioproducts from complex feedstocks. 26187763 1 80 theme Expanded 145:152 arg1 EBA 170:172 EBA 170:172 EBA 170:172 Expanded bed adsorption (EBA) is a reliable separation technique for the purification of bioproducts from complex feedstocks. 26187763 10 81 from effects 1454:1460 arg1 behavior 1523:1530 hydrodynamic behavior 1510:1530 hydrodynamic behavior of prepared matrix 1510:1549 The effects of matrix density and liquid phase viscosity on hydrodynamic behavior of prepared matrix have been investigated by residence time distribution (RTD) experiments in an expanded bed. 26187763 11 82 theme axial 1783:1787 arg1 coefficient 1796:1806 the axial mixing coefficient 1779:1806 the axial mixing coefficient 1779:1806 The results indicated that in a constant liquid velocity as the matrix density was increased, the expansion factor of bed decreased and the axial mixing coefficient increased. 26187763 4 83 used used 597:600 arg2 densifier 636:644 the densifier 632:644 the densifier 632:644 In order to develop an adsorbent with desirable qualities and reduce the costs, κ-carrageenan and zinc powder were used as the polymeric skeleton and the densifier, respectively. 26187763 4 83 used used 597:600 arg2 powder 585:590 zinc powder 580:590 zinc powder 580:590 In order to develop an adsorbent with desirable qualities and reduce the costs, κ-carrageenan and zinc powder were used as the polymeric skeleton and the densifier, respectively. 26187763 4 83 used used 597:600 arg2 κ-carrageenan 562:574 κ-carrageenan 562:574 κ-carrageenan 562:574 In order to develop an adsorbent with desirable qualities and reduce the costs, κ-carrageenan and zinc powder were used as the polymeric skeleton and the densifier, respectively. 26187763 4 83 used used 597:600 arg2 skeleton 619:626 the polymeric skeleton 605:626 the polymeric skeleton 605:626 In order to develop an adsorbent with desirable qualities and reduce the costs, κ-carrageenan and zinc powder were used as the polymeric skeleton and the densifier, respectively. 26187763 1 84 from purification 218:229 arg1 feedstocks 259:268 complex feedstocks 251:268 complex feedstocks 251:268 Expanded bed adsorption (EBA) is a reliable separation technique for the purification of bioproducts from complex feedstocks. 26187763 14 85 from use 2191:2193 arg1 rate 2208:2211 high flow rate 2198:2211 high flow rate 2198:2211 All the results demonstrated that proper physical properties and hydrodynamic characteristics of KC-Zn matrix confirm good potential for possible use in high flow rate expanded bed operations. 26187763 9 86 theme powder 1267:1272 arg1 ratio 1274:1278 zinc powder ratio 1262:1278 zinc powder ratio to κ-carrageenan slurry, which showed an appropriate wet density in the range of 1.39-2.27g/ml, water content of 72.67-36.41% and porosity of 98.07-80.24%, respectively 1262:1447 Main physical properties of KC-Zn matrices were measured as a function of zinc powder ratio to κ-carrageenan slurry, which showed an appropriate wet density in the range of 1.39-2.27g/ml, water content of 72.67-36.41% and porosity of 98.07-80.24%, respectively. 26187763 12 87 from increase 1877:1884 arg1 expansion 1897:1905 the bed expansion 1889:1905 the bed expansion 1889:1905 Moreover, an enhancement in the fluid viscosity led to an increase in the bed expansion and a decrease in the stability of expanded bed. 26187763 12 87 from increase 1877:1884 arg1 stability 1929:1937 the stability 1925:1937 the stability of expanded bed 1925:1953 Moreover, an enhancement in the fluid viscosity led to an increase in the bed expansion and a decrease in the stability of expanded bed. 26187763 3 88 theme present 358:364 arg1 work 366:369 the present work 354:369 the present work 354:369 In the present work, a novel custom-designed composite matrix has been prepared through the method of water-in-oil emulsification. 26187763 0 89 theme hydrodynamic 114:125 arg1 characterization 127:142 hydrodynamic characterization 114:142 hydrodynamic characterization 114:142 Cross-linked κ-carrageenan polymer/zinc nanoporous composite matrix for expanded bed application: Fabrication and hydrodynamic characterization. 26187763 13 90 theme viscous 2025:2031 arg1 feedstocks 2033:2042 face viscous feedstocks 2020:2042 face viscous feedstocks 2020:2042 Therefore using a matrix with higher density seems necessary to face viscous feedstocks. 26187763 3 91 theme novel 374:378 arg1 matrix 406:411 a novel custom-designed composite matrix 372:411 a novel custom-designed composite matrix 372:411 In the present work, a novel custom-designed composite matrix has been prepared through the method of water-in-oil emulsification. 26187763 13 92 theme higher 1986:1991 arg1 density 1993:1999 higher density 1986:1999 higher density 1986:1999 Therefore using a matrix with higher density seems necessary to face viscous feedstocks. 26187763 9 93 from density 1337:1343 arg1 range 1352:1356 the range 1348:1356 the range of 1.39-2.27g/ml 1348:1373 Main physical properties of KC-Zn matrices were measured as a function of zinc powder ratio to κ-carrageenan slurry, which showed an appropriate wet density in the range of 1.39-2.27g/ml, water content of 72.67-36.41% and porosity of 98.07-80.24%, respectively. 26187763 1 94 theme complex 251:257 arg1 feedstocks 259:268 complex feedstocks 251:268 complex feedstocks 251:268 Expanded bed adsorption (EBA) is a reliable separation technique for the purification of bioproducts from complex feedstocks. 26187763 10 95 theme expanded 1629:1636 arg1 bed 1638:1640 an expanded bed 1626:1640 an expanded bed 1626:1640 The effects of matrix density and liquid phase viscosity on hydrodynamic behavior of prepared matrix have been investigated by residence time distribution (RTD) experiments in an expanded bed. 26187763 0 96 theme κ-carrageenan 13:25 arg1 matrix 61:66 Cross-linked κ-carrageenan polymer/zinc nanoporous composite matrix 0:66 Cross-linked κ-carrageenan polymer/zinc nanoporous composite matrix for expanded bed application: Fabrication and hydrodynamic characterization. 0:143 Cross-linked κ-carrageenan polymer/zinc nanoporous composite matrix for expanded bed application: Fabrication and hydrodynamic characterization. 26187763 14 97 theme high 2198:2201 arg1 rate 2208:2211 high flow rate 2198:2211 high flow rate 2198:2211 All the results demonstrated that proper physical properties and hydrodynamic characteristics of KC-Zn matrix confirm good potential for possible use in high flow rate expanded bed operations. 26187763 4 98 theme zinc 580:583 arg1 κ-carrageenan 562:574 κ-carrageenan 562:574 κ-carrageenan 562:574 In order to develop an adsorbent with desirable qualities and reduce the costs, κ-carrageenan and zinc powder were used as the polymeric skeleton and the densifier, respectively. 26187763 4 98 theme zinc 580:583 arg1 powder 585:590 zinc powder 580:590 zinc powder 580:590 In order to develop an adsorbent with desirable qualities and reduce the costs, κ-carrageenan and zinc powder were used as the polymeric skeleton and the densifier, respectively. 26187763 4 98 theme zinc 580:583 arg1 skeleton 619:626 the polymeric skeleton 605:626 the polymeric skeleton 605:626 In order to develop an adsorbent with desirable qualities and reduce the costs, κ-carrageenan and zinc powder were used as the polymeric skeleton and the densifier, respectively. 26187763 4 98 theme zinc 580:583 arg1 densifier 636:644 the densifier 632:644 the densifier 632:644 In order to develop an adsorbent with desirable qualities and reduce the costs, κ-carrageenan and zinc powder were used as the polymeric skeleton and the densifier, respectively. 26187763 14 99 theme bed 2222:2224 arg1 operations 2226:2235 bed operations 2222:2235 bed operations 2222:2235 All the results demonstrated that proper physical properties and hydrodynamic characteristics of KC-Zn matrix confirm good potential for possible use in high flow rate expanded bed operations. 26187763 0 100 theme nanoporous 40:49 arg1 matrix 61:66 Cross-linked κ-carrageenan polymer/zinc nanoporous composite matrix 0:66 Cross-linked κ-carrageenan polymer/zinc nanoporous composite matrix for expanded bed application: Fabrication and hydrodynamic characterization. 0:143 Cross-linked κ-carrageenan polymer/zinc nanoporous composite matrix for expanded bed application: Fabrication and hydrodynamic characterization. 26187763 9 101 theme wet 1333:1335 arg1 density 1337:1343 an appropriate wet density 1318:1343 an appropriate wet density in the range of 1.39-2.27g/ml 1318:1373 Main physical properties of KC-Zn matrices were measured as a function of zinc powder ratio to κ-carrageenan slurry, which showed an appropriate wet density in the range of 1.39-2.27g/ml, water content of 72.67-36.41% and porosity of 98.07-80.24%, respectively. 26187763 8 102 theme logarithmic 1075:1085 arg1 distribution 1099:1110 logarithmic normal size distribution 1075:1110 logarithmic normal size distribution 1075:1110 The results from the particle size analyzer (PSA) revealed that all the KC-Zn beads followed logarithmic normal size distribution with the range of 50-350μm and average diameter of 160-230μm, respectively. 26187763 3 103 theme composite 396:404 arg1 matrix 406:411 a novel custom-designed composite matrix 372:411 a novel custom-designed composite matrix 372:411 In the present work, a novel custom-designed composite matrix has been prepared through the method of water-in-oil emulsification. 26187763 10 104 theme density 1472:1478 arg1 effects 1454:1460 The effects 1450:1460 The effects of matrix density and liquid phase viscosity on hydrodynamic behavior of prepared matrix 1450:1549 The effects of matrix density and liquid phase viscosity on hydrodynamic behavior of prepared matrix have been investigated by residence time distribution (RTD) experiments in an expanded bed. 26187763 8 105 theme size 1094:1097 arg1 distribution 1099:1110 logarithmic normal size distribution 1075:1110 logarithmic normal size distribution 1075:1110 The results from the particle size analyzer (PSA) revealed that all the KC-Zn beads followed logarithmic normal size distribution with the range of 50-350μm and average diameter of 160-230μm, respectively. 26187763 0 106 theme expanded 72:79 arg1 application 85:95 expanded bed application 72:95 expanded bed application 72:95 Cross-linked κ-carrageenan polymer/zinc nanoporous composite matrix for expanded bed application: Fabrication and hydrodynamic characterization. 26187763 9 107 from content 1382:1388 arg1 range 1352:1356 the range 1348:1356 the range of 1.39-2.27g/ml 1348:1373 Main physical properties of KC-Zn matrices were measured as a function of zinc powder ratio to κ-carrageenan slurry, which showed an appropriate wet density in the range of 1.39-2.27g/ml, water content of 72.67-36.41% and porosity of 98.07-80.24%, respectively. 26187763 12 108 from decrease 1913:1920 arg1 expansion 1897:1905 the bed expansion 1889:1905 the bed expansion 1889:1905 Moreover, an enhancement in the fluid viscosity led to an increase in the bed expansion and a decrease in the stability of expanded bed. 26187763 12 108 from decrease 1913:1920 arg1 stability 1929:1937 the stability 1925:1937 the stability of expanded bed 1925:1953 Moreover, an enhancement in the fluid viscosity led to an increase in the bed expansion and a decrease in the stability of expanded bed. 26187763 0 109 dep matrix 61:66 arg1 Fabrication 98:108 Fabrication 98:108 Fabrication 98:108 Cross-linked κ-carrageenan polymer/zinc nanoporous composite matrix for expanded bed application: Fabrication and hydrodynamic characterization. 26187763 0 109 dep matrix 61:66 arg1 characterization 127:142 hydrodynamic characterization 114:142 hydrodynamic characterization 114:142 Cross-linked κ-carrageenan polymer/zinc nanoporous composite matrix for expanded bed application: Fabrication and hydrodynamic characterization. 26187763 10 110 theme viscosity 1497:1505 arg1 effects 1454:1460 The effects 1450:1460 The effects of matrix density and liquid phase viscosity on hydrodynamic behavior of prepared matrix 1450:1549 The effects of matrix density and liquid phase viscosity on hydrodynamic behavior of prepared matrix have been investigated by residence time distribution (RTD) experiments in an expanded bed. 26187763 9 111 theme 1.39-2.27g/ml 1361:1373 arg1 range 1352:1356 the range 1348:1356 the range of 1.39-2.27g/ml 1348:1373 Main physical properties of KC-Zn matrices were measured as a function of zinc powder ratio to κ-carrageenan slurry, which showed an appropriate wet density in the range of 1.39-2.27g/ml, water content of 72.67-36.41% and porosity of 98.07-80.24%, respectively. 26187763 6 112 theme composite 844:852 arg1 matrix 854:859 prepared composite matrix 835:859 prepared composite matrix 835:859 Optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were applied to characterize the morphology and structure of prepared composite matrix. 26187763 10 113 theme liquid 1484:1489 arg1 viscosity 1497:1505 liquid phase viscosity 1484:1505 liquid phase viscosity 1484:1505 The effects of matrix density and liquid phase viscosity on hydrodynamic behavior of prepared matrix have been investigated by residence time distribution (RTD) experiments in an expanded bed. 26187763 11 114 theme liquid 1684:1689 arg1 velocity 1691:1698 a constant liquid velocity 1673:1698 a constant liquid velocity as the matrix density was increased 1673:1734 The results indicated that in a constant liquid velocity as the matrix density was increased, the expansion factor of bed decreased and the axial mixing coefficient increased. 26187763 6 115 theme electron 748:755 arg1 SEM 769:771 SEM 769:771 SEM 769:771 Optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were applied to characterize the morphology and structure of prepared composite matrix. 26187763 6 115 theme electron 748:755 arg1 microscope 757:766 scanning electron microscope 739:766 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 739:772 Optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were applied to characterize the morphology and structure of prepared composite matrix. 26187763 7 116 theme porous 911:916 arg1 structure 918:926 porous structure 911:926 porous structure 911:926 These analyses approved good spherical shape and porous structure with nano-scale pores in the range of about 60-180nm. 26187763 9 117 theme water 1376:1380 arg1 content 1382:1388 water content 1376:1388 water content of 72.67-36.41% 1376:1404 Main physical properties of KC-Zn matrices were measured as a function of zinc powder ratio to κ-carrageenan slurry, which showed an appropriate wet density in the range of 1.39-2.27g/ml, water content of 72.67-36.41% and porosity of 98.07-80.24%, respectively. 26187763 8 118 theme 50-350μm 1130:1137 arg1 range 1121:1125 the range 1117:1125 the range of 50-350μm and average diameter of 160-230μm, respectively 1117:1185 The results from the particle size analyzer (PSA) revealed that all the KC-Zn beads followed logarithmic normal size distribution with the range of 50-350μm and average diameter of 160-230μm, respectively. 26187763 3 119 theme emulsification 466:479 arg1 method 443:448 the method 439:448 the method of water-in-oil emulsification 439:479 In the present work, a novel custom-designed composite matrix has been prepared through the method of water-in-oil emulsification. 26187763 4 120 with adsorbent 505:513 arg1 qualities 530:538 desirable qualities 520:538 desirable qualities 520:538 In order to develop an adsorbent with desirable qualities and reduce the costs, κ-carrageenan and zinc powder were used as the polymeric skeleton and the densifier, respectively. 26956372 0 0 theme high 80:83 arg1 production 104:113 high exopolysaccharides production 80:113 high exopolysaccharides production 80:113 Complete genome sequence of Streptococcus thermophilus MN-BM-A01, a strain with high exopolysaccharides production. 26956372 4 1 theme coding 542:547 arg1 sequences 549:557 1,876,516bp encoding 1704 coding sequences 516:557 1,876,516bp encoding 1704 coding sequences 516:557 We reported the complete genome sequence of ST MN-BM-A01 that contains 1,876,516bp encoding 1704 coding sequences (CDSs), 67 tRNA genes and 6 rRNA operons. 26956372 4 2 theme genome 470:475 arg1 sequence 477:484 the complete genome sequence 457:484 the complete genome sequence of ST MN-BM-A01 that contains 1,876,516bp encoding 1704 coding sequences (CDSs), 67 tRNA genes and 6 rRNA operons 457:598 We reported the complete genome sequence of ST MN-BM-A01 that contains 1,876,516bp encoding 1704 coding sequences (CDSs), 67 tRNA genes and 6 rRNA operons. 26956372 1 3 theme CGMCC 169:173 arg1 No. 175:177 CGMCC No. 11383 169:183 CGMCC No. 11383 169:183 Streptococcus thermophilus MN-BM-A01 (ST MN-BM-A01) (CGMCC No. 11383) was a strain isolated from Yogurt Block in Gansu, China. 26956372 1 3 theme CGMCC 169:173 arg1 thermophilus 130:141 Streptococcus thermophilus MN-BM-A01 116:151 Streptococcus thermophilus MN-BM-A01 (ST MN-BM-A01) (CGMCC No. 11383) 116:184 Streptococcus thermophilus MN-BM-A01 (ST MN-BM-A01) (CGMCC No. 11383) was a strain isolated from Yogurt Block in Gansu, China. 26956372 4 4 theme 1704 537:540 arg1 sequences 549:557 1,876,516bp encoding 1704 coding sequences 516:557 1,876,516bp encoding 1704 coding sequences 516:557 We reported the complete genome sequence of ST MN-BM-A01 that contains 1,876,516bp encoding 1704 coding sequences (CDSs), 67 tRNA genes and 6 rRNA operons. 26956372 5 5 theme 35.3-kb 660:666 arg1 cluster 673:679 a 35.3-kb gene cluster 658:679 a 35.3-kb gene cluster involved in EPS biosynthesis 658:708 The genomic sequence indicated that this strain included a 35.3-kb gene cluster involved in EPS biosynthesis. 26956372 4 6 theme complete 461:468 arg1 sequence 477:484 the complete genome sequence 457:484 the complete genome sequence of ST MN-BM-A01 that contains 1,876,516bp encoding 1704 coding sequences (CDSs), 67 tRNA genes and 6 rRNA operons 457:598 We reported the complete genome sequence of ST MN-BM-A01 that contains 1,876,516bp encoding 1704 coding sequences (CDSs), 67 tRNA genes and 6 rRNA operons. 26956372 1 7 theme Streptococcus 116:128 arg1 strain 192:197 a strain 190:197 a strain isolated from Yogurt Block in Gansu, China 190:240 Streptococcus thermophilus MN-BM-A01 (ST MN-BM-A01) (CGMCC No. 11383) was a strain isolated from Yogurt Block in Gansu, China. 26956372 1 7 theme Streptococcus 116:128 arg1 thermophilus 130:141 Streptococcus thermophilus MN-BM-A01 116:151 Streptococcus thermophilus MN-BM-A01 (ST MN-BM-A01) (CGMCC No. 11383) 116:184 Streptococcus thermophilus MN-BM-A01 (ST MN-BM-A01) (CGMCC No. 11383) was a strain isolated from Yogurt Block in Gansu, China. 26956372 1 7 theme Streptococcus 116:128 arg1 No. 175:177 CGMCC No. 11383 169:183 CGMCC No. 11383 169:183 Streptococcus thermophilus MN-BM-A01 (ST MN-BM-A01) (CGMCC No. 11383) was a strain isolated from Yogurt Block in Gansu, China. 26956372 1 7 theme Streptococcus 116:128 arg1 MN-BM-A01 157:165 ST MN-BM-A01 154:165 ST MN-BM-A01 154:165 Streptococcus thermophilus MN-BM-A01 (ST MN-BM-A01) (CGMCC No. 11383) was a strain isolated from Yogurt Block in Gansu, China. 26956372 0 8 theme exopolysaccharides 85:102 arg1 production 104:113 high exopolysaccharides production 80:113 high exopolysaccharides production 80:113 Complete genome sequence of Streptococcus thermophilus MN-BM-A01, a strain with high exopolysaccharides production. 26956372 0 9 with strain 68:73 arg1 production 104:113 high exopolysaccharides production 80:113 high exopolysaccharides production 80:113 Complete genome sequence of Streptococcus thermophilus MN-BM-A01, a strain with high exopolysaccharides production. 26956372 4 10 theme tRNA 570:573 arg1 genes 575:579 67 tRNA genes 567:579 67 tRNA genes 567:579 We reported the complete genome sequence of ST MN-BM-A01 that contains 1,876,516bp encoding 1704 coding sequences (CDSs), 67 tRNA genes and 6 rRNA operons. 26956372 4 11 dep contains 507:514 arg1 CDSs 560:563 CDSs 560:563 CDSs 560:563 We reported the complete genome sequence of ST MN-BM-A01 that contains 1,876,516bp encoding 1704 coding sequences (CDSs), 67 tRNA genes and 6 rRNA operons. 26956372 4 12 theme rRNA 587:590 arg1 operons 592:598 6 rRNA operons 585:598 6 rRNA operons 585:598 We reported the complete genome sequence of ST MN-BM-A01 that contains 1,876,516bp encoding 1704 coding sequences (CDSs), 67 tRNA genes and 6 rRNA operons. 26956372 0 13 theme genome 9:14 arg1 sequence 16:23 Complete genome sequence 0:23 Complete genome sequence of Streptococcus thermophilus MN-BM-A01 0:63 Complete genome sequence of Streptococcus thermophilus MN-BM-A01, a strain with high exopolysaccharides production. 26956372 0 13 theme genome 9:14 arg1 strain 68:73 a strain 66:73 a strain with high exopolysaccharides production 66:113 Complete genome sequence of Streptococcus thermophilus MN-BM-A01, a strain with high exopolysaccharides production. 26956372 3 14 theme EPS 375:377 arg1 level 366:370 a high level 359:370 a high level of EPS which can confer the yogurt with improved rheological properties 359:442 Moreover, ST MN-BM-A01 could produce a high level of EPS which can confer the yogurt with improved rheological properties. 26956372 0 15 theme Complete 0:7 arg1 sequence 16:23 Complete genome sequence 0:23 Complete genome sequence of Streptococcus thermophilus MN-BM-A01 0:63 Complete genome sequence of Streptococcus thermophilus MN-BM-A01, a strain with high exopolysaccharides production. 26956372 0 15 theme Complete 0:7 arg1 strain 68:73 a strain 66:73 a strain with high exopolysaccharides production 66:113 Complete genome sequence of Streptococcus thermophilus MN-BM-A01, a strain with high exopolysaccharides production. 26956372 2 16 theme good 285:288 arg1 flavor 290:295 good flavor 285:295 good flavor 285:295 The yogurt fermented with this strain has good flavor, acidity, and viscosity. 26956372 3 17 theme ST 332:333 arg1 MN-BM-A01 335:343 ST MN-BM-A01 332:343 ST MN-BM-A01 332:343 Moreover, ST MN-BM-A01 could produce a high level of EPS which can confer the yogurt with improved rheological properties. 26956372 4 18 theme encoding 528:535 arg1 sequences 549:557 1,876,516bp encoding 1704 coding sequences 516:557 1,876,516bp encoding 1704 coding sequences 516:557 We reported the complete genome sequence of ST MN-BM-A01 that contains 1,876,516bp encoding 1704 coding sequences (CDSs), 67 tRNA genes and 6 rRNA operons. 26956372 3 19 with yogurt 400:405 arg1 properties 433:442 improved rheological properties 412:442 improved rheological properties 412:442 Moreover, ST MN-BM-A01 could produce a high level of EPS which can confer the yogurt with improved rheological properties. 26956372 4 20 contain contains 507:514 arg1 sequence 477:484 the complete genome sequence 457:484 the complete genome sequence of ST MN-BM-A01 that contains 1,876,516bp encoding 1704 coding sequences (CDSs), 67 tRNA genes and 6 rRNA operons 457:598 We reported the complete genome sequence of ST MN-BM-A01 that contains 1,876,516bp encoding 1704 coding sequences (CDSs), 67 tRNA genes and 6 rRNA operons. 26956372 4 20 contain contains 507:514 arg2 operons 592:598 6 rRNA operons 585:598 6 rRNA operons 585:598 We reported the complete genome sequence of ST MN-BM-A01 that contains 1,876,516bp encoding 1704 coding sequences (CDSs), 67 tRNA genes and 6 rRNA operons. 26956372 4 20 contain contains 507:514 arg2 genes 575:579 67 tRNA genes 567:579 67 tRNA genes 567:579 We reported the complete genome sequence of ST MN-BM-A01 that contains 1,876,516bp encoding 1704 coding sequences (CDSs), 67 tRNA genes and 6 rRNA operons. 26956372 4 20 contain contains 507:514 arg2 sequences 549:557 1,876,516bp encoding 1704 coding sequences 516:557 1,876,516bp encoding 1704 coding sequences 516:557 We reported the complete genome sequence of ST MN-BM-A01 that contains 1,876,516bp encoding 1704 coding sequences (CDSs), 67 tRNA genes and 6 rRNA operons. 26956372 3 21 theme improved 412:419 arg1 properties 433:442 improved rheological properties 412:442 improved rheological properties 412:442 Moreover, ST MN-BM-A01 could produce a high level of EPS which can confer the yogurt with improved rheological properties. 26956372 0 22 theme thermophilus 42:53 arg1 sequence 16:23 Complete genome sequence 0:23 Complete genome sequence of Streptococcus thermophilus MN-BM-A01 0:63 Complete genome sequence of Streptococcus thermophilus MN-BM-A01, a strain with high exopolysaccharides production. 26956372 0 22 theme thermophilus 42:53 arg1 strain 68:73 a strain 66:73 a strain with high exopolysaccharides production 66:113 Complete genome sequence of Streptococcus thermophilus MN-BM-A01, a strain with high exopolysaccharides production. 26956372 4 23 theme 1,876,516bp 516:526 arg1 sequences 549:557 1,876,516bp encoding 1704 coding sequences 516:557 1,876,516bp encoding 1704 coding sequences 516:557 We reported the complete genome sequence of ST MN-BM-A01 that contains 1,876,516bp encoding 1704 coding sequences (CDSs), 67 tRNA genes and 6 rRNA operons. 26956372 0 24 theme Streptococcus 28:40 arg1 thermophilus 42:53 Streptococcus thermophilus MN-BM-A01 28:63 Streptococcus thermophilus MN-BM-A01 28:63 Complete genome sequence of Streptococcus thermophilus MN-BM-A01, a strain with high exopolysaccharides production. 26956372 2 25 contain has 281:283 arg2 flavor 290:295 good flavor 285:295 good flavor 285:295 The yogurt fermented with this strain has good flavor, acidity, and viscosity. 26956372 2 25 contain has 281:283 arg1 yogurt 247:252 The yogurt 243:252 The yogurt fermented with this strain 243:279 The yogurt fermented with this strain has good flavor, acidity, and viscosity. 26956372 2 25 contain has 281:283 arg2 viscosity 311:319 viscosity 311:319 viscosity 311:319 The yogurt fermented with this strain has good flavor, acidity, and viscosity. 26956372 2 25 contain has 281:283 arg2 acidity 298:304 acidity 298:304 acidity 298:304 The yogurt fermented with this strain has good flavor, acidity, and viscosity. 26956372 5 26 theme genomic 605:611 arg1 sequence 613:620 The genomic sequence 601:620 The genomic sequence 601:620 The genomic sequence indicated that this strain included a 35.3-kb gene cluster involved in EPS biosynthesis. 26956372 3 27 theme high 361:364 arg1 level 366:370 a high level 359:370 a high level of EPS which can confer the yogurt with improved rheological properties 359:442 Moreover, ST MN-BM-A01 could produce a high level of EPS which can confer the yogurt with improved rheological properties. 26956372 4 28 theme MN-BM-A01 492:500 arg1 sequence 477:484 the complete genome sequence 457:484 the complete genome sequence of ST MN-BM-A01 that contains 1,876,516bp encoding 1704 coding sequences (CDSs), 67 tRNA genes and 6 rRNA operons 457:598 We reported the complete genome sequence of ST MN-BM-A01 that contains 1,876,516bp encoding 1704 coding sequences (CDSs), 67 tRNA genes and 6 rRNA operons. 26956372 4 29 theme ST 489:490 arg1 MN-BM-A01 492:500 ST MN-BM-A01 489:500 ST MN-BM-A01 489:500 We reported the complete genome sequence of ST MN-BM-A01 that contains 1,876,516bp encoding 1704 coding sequences (CDSs), 67 tRNA genes and 6 rRNA operons. 26956372 3 30 theme rheological 421:431 arg1 properties 433:442 improved rheological properties 412:442 improved rheological properties 412:442 Moreover, ST MN-BM-A01 could produce a high level of EPS which can confer the yogurt with improved rheological properties. 26956372 1 31 theme Yogurt 213:218 arg1 Block 220:224 Yogurt Block 213:224 Yogurt Block in Gansu, China 213:240 Streptococcus thermophilus MN-BM-A01 (ST MN-BM-A01) (CGMCC No. 11383) was a strain isolated from Yogurt Block in Gansu, China. 26956372 1 32 from Block 220:224 arg1 China 236:240 China 236:240 China 236:240 Streptococcus thermophilus MN-BM-A01 (ST MN-BM-A01) (CGMCC No. 11383) was a strain isolated from Yogurt Block in Gansu, China. 26956372 1 33 theme ST 154:155 arg1 thermophilus 130:141 Streptococcus thermophilus MN-BM-A01 116:151 Streptococcus thermophilus MN-BM-A01 (ST MN-BM-A01) (CGMCC No. 11383) 116:184 Streptococcus thermophilus MN-BM-A01 (ST MN-BM-A01) (CGMCC No. 11383) was a strain isolated from Yogurt Block in Gansu, China. 26956372 1 33 theme ST 154:155 arg1 MN-BM-A01 157:165 ST MN-BM-A01 154:165 ST MN-BM-A01 154:165 Streptococcus thermophilus MN-BM-A01 (ST MN-BM-A01) (CGMCC No. 11383) was a strain isolated from Yogurt Block in Gansu, China. 26956372 1 34 attach isolated 199:206 arg2 thermophilus 130:141 Streptococcus thermophilus MN-BM-A01 116:151 Streptococcus thermophilus MN-BM-A01 (ST MN-BM-A01) (CGMCC No. 11383) 116:184 Streptococcus thermophilus MN-BM-A01 (ST MN-BM-A01) (CGMCC No. 11383) was a strain isolated from Yogurt Block in Gansu, China. 26956372 1 34 attach isolated 199:206 arg2 strain 192:197 a strain 190:197 a strain isolated from Yogurt Block in Gansu, China 190:240 Streptococcus thermophilus MN-BM-A01 (ST MN-BM-A01) (CGMCC No. 11383) was a strain isolated from Yogurt Block in Gansu, China. 26956372 1 34 attach isolated 199:206 arg1 Block 220:224 Yogurt Block 213:224 Yogurt Block in Gansu, China 213:240 Streptococcus thermophilus MN-BM-A01 (ST MN-BM-A01) (CGMCC No. 11383) was a strain isolated from Yogurt Block in Gansu, China. 26956372 5 35 theme EPS 693:695 arg1 biosynthesis 697:708 EPS biosynthesis 693:708 EPS biosynthesis 693:708 The genomic sequence indicated that this strain included a 35.3-kb gene cluster involved in EPS biosynthesis. 26956372 5 36 theme gene 668:671 arg1 cluster 673:679 a 35.3-kb gene cluster 658:679 a 35.3-kb gene cluster involved in EPS biosynthesis 658:708 The genomic sequence indicated that this strain included a 35.3-kb gene cluster involved in EPS biosynthesis. 28576457 1 0 theme homopteran 270:279 arg1 pests 281:285 homopteran pests 270:285 homopteran pests from which they collect honeydew as a source of carbohydrates 270:347 The mutualistic relationship that the garden ant Lasius niger (L.) establishes with trophobiotic homopterans makes this ant an unwelcome host in commercial crops, as ants improve the survival of homopteran pests from which they collect honeydew as a source of carbohydrates. 28576457 1 1 theme garden 113:118 arg1 L. 138:139 L. 138:139 L. 138:139 The mutualistic relationship that the garden ant Lasius niger (L.) establishes with trophobiotic homopterans makes this ant an unwelcome host in commercial crops, as ants improve the survival of homopteran pests from which they collect honeydew as a source of carbohydrates. 28576457 1 1 theme garden 113:118 arg1 ant 120:122 the garden ant Lasius niger 109:135 the garden ant Lasius niger (L.) 109:140 The mutualistic relationship that the garden ant Lasius niger (L.) establishes with trophobiotic homopterans makes this ant an unwelcome host in commercial crops, as ants improve the survival of homopteran pests from which they collect honeydew as a source of carbohydrates. 28576457 3 2 theme basic 774:778 arg1 sugar 780:784 basic sugar 774:784 basic sugar in small amounts 774:801 We tested the ant's preference between basic sugars (mono- and disaccharides) used as main ingredients and attractants (trisaccharides and amino acid (AA) sources) added to basic sugar in small amounts. 28576457 3 3 theme amino 740:744 arg1 AA 752:753 AA 752:753 AA 752:753 We tested the ant's preference between basic sugars (mono- and disaccharides) used as main ingredients and attractants (trisaccharides and amino acid (AA) sources) added to basic sugar in small amounts. 28576457 3 3 theme amino 740:744 arg1 acid 746:749 amino acid 740:749 amino acid (AA) sources 740:762 We tested the ant's preference between basic sugars (mono- and disaccharides) used as main ingredients and attractants (trisaccharides and amino acid (AA) sources) added to basic sugar in small amounts. 28576457 0 4 theme Lasius 56:61 arg1 L 70:70 L. 70:71 L. 70:71 Sugar and amino acid preference in the black garden ant Lasius niger (L.). 28576457 0 4 theme Lasius 56:61 arg1 niger 63:67 the black garden ant Lasius niger 35:67 the black garden ant Lasius niger (L.) 35:72 Sugar and amino acid preference in the black garden ant Lasius niger (L.). 28576457 1 5 theme pests 281:285 arg1 survival 258:265 the survival 254:265 the survival of homopteran pests from which they collect honeydew as a source of carbohydrates 254:347 The mutualistic relationship that the garden ant Lasius niger (L.) establishes with trophobiotic homopterans makes this ant an unwelcome host in commercial crops, as ants improve the survival of homopteran pests from which they collect honeydew as a source of carbohydrates. 28576457 1 6 theme unwelcome 202:210 arg1 host 212:215 an unwelcome host 199:215 an unwelcome host 199:215 The mutualistic relationship that the garden ant Lasius niger (L.) establishes with trophobiotic homopterans makes this ant an unwelcome host in commercial crops, as ants improve the survival of homopteran pests from which they collect honeydew as a source of carbohydrates. 28576457 6 7 theme solutions 1229:1237 arg1 development 1214:1224 the development 1210:1224 the development of solutions that when supplied in artificial feeders can out-compete honeydew and disrupt harmful ant-homopteran mutualisms in agriculture 1210:1364 In conclusion, trisaccharides and AA sources can be used to increase the attractiveness of sugar solutions, leading to the development of solutions that when supplied in artificial feeders can out-compete honeydew and disrupt harmful ant-homopteran mutualisms in agriculture. 28576457 2 8 used used 407:410 arg2 offering 362:369 the offering 358:369 the offering of alternative sugar sources 358:398 Because the offering of alternative sugar sources can be used to disrupt this relationship, the present study explored L. niger's preference towards sugar and amino acid components that may be used in sugar solutions to increase their attractiveness. 28576457 2 9 theme acid 515:518 arg1 components 520:529 sugar and amino acid components 499:529 sugar and amino acid components that may be used in sugar solutions to increase their attractiveness 499:598 Because the offering of alternative sugar sources can be used to disrupt this relationship, the present study explored L. niger's preference towards sugar and amino acid components that may be used in sugar solutions to increase their attractiveness. 28576457 6 10 theme ant-homopteran 1325:1338 arg1 mutualisms 1340:1349 harmful ant-homopteran mutualisms 1317:1349 harmful ant-homopteran mutualisms in agriculture 1317:1364 In conclusion, trisaccharides and AA sources can be used to increase the attractiveness of sugar solutions, leading to the development of solutions that when supplied in artificial feeders can out-compete honeydew and disrupt harmful ant-homopteran mutualisms in agriculture. 28576457 2 11 theme present 446:452 arg1 study 454:458 the present study 442:458 the present study 442:458 Because the offering of alternative sugar sources can be used to disrupt this relationship, the present study explored L. niger's preference towards sugar and amino acid components that may be used in sugar solutions to increase their attractiveness. 28576457 3 12 theme basic 640:644 arg1 disaccharides 664:676 disaccharides 664:676 disaccharides 664:676 We tested the ant's preference between basic sugars (mono- and disaccharides) used as main ingredients and attractants (trisaccharides and amino acid (AA) sources) added to basic sugar in small amounts. 28576457 3 12 theme basic 640:644 arg1 mono- 654:658 mono- 654:658 mono- 654:658 We tested the ant's preference between basic sugars (mono- and disaccharides) used as main ingredients and attractants (trisaccharides and amino acid (AA) sources) added to basic sugar in small amounts. 28576457 3 12 theme basic 640:644 arg1 sugars 646:651 basic sugars 640:651 basic sugars (mono- and disaccharides) used as main ingredients and attractants (trisaccharides and amino acid (AA) sources) added to basic sugar in small amounts 640:801 We tested the ant's preference between basic sugars (mono- and disaccharides) used as main ingredients and attractants (trisaccharides and amino acid (AA) sources) added to basic sugar in small amounts. 28576457 2 13 theme amino 509:513 arg1 acid 515:518 amino acid 509:518 amino acid 509:518 Because the offering of alternative sugar sources can be used to disrupt this relationship, the present study explored L. niger's preference towards sugar and amino acid components that may be used in sugar solutions to increase their attractiveness. 28576457 4 14 dep not 957:959 arg1 added 987:991 added 987:991 was added to the mix 983:1002 Results showed that ants preferred disaccharides over monosaccharides, and that trisaccharides increased the attractiveness of sucrose solutions, albeit not when a protein source was added to the mix. 28576457 3 15 theme small 789:793 arg1 amounts 795:801 small amounts 789:801 small amounts 789:801 We tested the ant's preference between basic sugars (mono- and disaccharides) used as main ingredients and attractants (trisaccharides and amino acid (AA) sources) added to basic sugar in small amounts. 28576457 2 16 theme sugar 551:555 arg1 solutions 557:565 sugar solutions 551:565 sugar solutions 551:565 Because the offering of alternative sugar sources can be used to disrupt this relationship, the present study explored L. niger's preference towards sugar and amino acid components that may be used in sugar solutions to increase their attractiveness. 28576457 6 17 used used 1143:1146 arg2 trisaccharides 1106:1119 trisaccharides 1106:1119 trisaccharides 1106:1119 In conclusion, trisaccharides and AA sources can be used to increase the attractiveness of sugar solutions, leading to the development of solutions that when supplied in artificial feeders can out-compete honeydew and disrupt harmful ant-homopteran mutualisms in agriculture. 28576457 6 17 used used 1143:1146 arg2 sources 1128:1134 AA sources 1125:1134 AA sources 1125:1134 In conclusion, trisaccharides and AA sources can be used to increase the attractiveness of sugar solutions, leading to the development of solutions that when supplied in artificial feeders can out-compete honeydew and disrupt harmful ant-homopteran mutualisms in agriculture. 28576457 1 18 theme Lasius 124:129 arg1 L. 138:139 L. 138:139 L. 138:139 The mutualistic relationship that the garden ant Lasius niger (L.) establishes with trophobiotic homopterans makes this ant an unwelcome host in commercial crops, as ants improve the survival of homopteran pests from which they collect honeydew as a source of carbohydrates. 28576457 1 18 theme Lasius 124:129 arg1 ant 120:122 the garden ant Lasius niger 109:135 the garden ant Lasius niger (L.) 109:140 The mutualistic relationship that the garden ant Lasius niger (L.) establishes with trophobiotic homopterans makes this ant an unwelcome host in commercial crops, as ants improve the survival of homopteran pests from which they collect honeydew as a source of carbohydrates. 28576457 6 19 theme artificial 1261:1270 arg1 feeders 1272:1278 artificial feeders 1261:1278 artificial feeders 1261:1278 In conclusion, trisaccharides and AA sources can be used to increase the attractiveness of sugar solutions, leading to the development of solutions that when supplied in artificial feeders can out-compete honeydew and disrupt harmful ant-homopteran mutualisms in agriculture. 28576457 2 20 theme sugar 386:390 arg1 sources 392:398 alternative sugar sources 374:398 alternative sugar sources 374:398 Because the offering of alternative sugar sources can be used to disrupt this relationship, the present study explored L. niger's preference towards sugar and amino acid components that may be used in sugar solutions to increase their attractiveness. 28576457 0 21 from preference 21:30 arg1 L 70:70 L. 70:71 L. 70:71 Sugar and amino acid preference in the black garden ant Lasius niger (L.). 28576457 0 21 from preference 21:30 arg1 niger 63:67 the black garden ant Lasius niger 35:67 the black garden ant Lasius niger (L.) 35:72 Sugar and amino acid preference in the black garden ant Lasius niger (L.). 28576457 6 22 theme AA 1125:1126 arg1 sources 1128:1134 AA sources 1125:1134 AA sources 1125:1134 In conclusion, trisaccharides and AA sources can be used to increase the attractiveness of sugar solutions, leading to the development of solutions that when supplied in artificial feeders can out-compete honeydew and disrupt harmful ant-homopteran mutualisms in agriculture. 28576457 2 23 theme alternative 374:384 arg1 sources 392:398 alternative sugar sources 374:398 alternative sugar sources 374:398 Because the offering of alternative sugar sources can be used to disrupt this relationship, the present study explored L. niger's preference towards sugar and amino acid components that may be used in sugar solutions to increase their attractiveness. 28576457 1 24 theme commercial 220:229 arg1 crops 231:235 commercial crops 220:235 commercial crops 220:235 The mutualistic relationship that the garden ant Lasius niger (L.) establishes with trophobiotic homopterans makes this ant an unwelcome host in commercial crops, as ants improve the survival of homopteran pests from which they collect honeydew as a source of carbohydrates. 28576457 1 25 dep ant 120:122 arg1 niger 131:135 the garden ant Lasius niger 109:135 the garden ant Lasius niger (L.) 109:140 The mutualistic relationship that the garden ant Lasius niger (L.) establishes with trophobiotic homopterans makes this ant an unwelcome host in commercial crops, as ants improve the survival of homopteran pests from which they collect honeydew as a source of carbohydrates. 28576457 5 26 with components 1047:1056 arg1 composition 1078:1088 a more diverse composition 1063:1088 a more diverse composition 1063:1088 In the case of AA sources, ants preferred components with a more diverse composition. 28576457 0 27 theme amino 10:14 arg1 acid 16:19 amino acid 10:19 amino acid 10:19 Sugar and amino acid preference in the black garden ant Lasius niger (L.). 28576457 2 28 used used 543:546 arg2 components 520:529 sugar and amino acid components 499:529 sugar and amino acid components that may be used in sugar solutions to increase their attractiveness 499:598 Because the offering of alternative sugar sources can be used to disrupt this relationship, the present study explored L. niger's preference towards sugar and amino acid components that may be used in sugar solutions to increase their attractiveness. 28576457 6 29 dep out-compete 1284:1294 arg1 can 1280:1282 can 1280:1282 can 1280:1282 In conclusion, trisaccharides and AA sources can be used to increase the attractiveness of sugar solutions, leading to the development of solutions that when supplied in artificial feeders can out-compete honeydew and disrupt harmful ant-homopteran mutualisms in agriculture. 28576457 6 29 dep out-compete 1284:1294 arg1 solutions 1229:1237 solutions 1229:1237 solutions that when supplied in artificial feeders can out-compete honeydew and disrupt harmful ant-homopteran mutualisms in agriculture 1229:1364 In conclusion, trisaccharides and AA sources can be used to increase the attractiveness of sugar solutions, leading to the development of solutions that when supplied in artificial feeders can out-compete honeydew and disrupt harmful ant-homopteran mutualisms in agriculture. 28576457 6 30 theme harmful 1317:1323 arg1 mutualisms 1340:1349 harmful ant-homopteran mutualisms 1317:1349 harmful ant-homopteran mutualisms in agriculture 1317:1364 In conclusion, trisaccharides and AA sources can be used to increase the attractiveness of sugar solutions, leading to the development of solutions that when supplied in artificial feeders can out-compete honeydew and disrupt harmful ant-homopteran mutualisms in agriculture. 28576457 5 31 theme diverse 1070:1076 arg1 composition 1078:1088 a more diverse composition 1063:1088 a more diverse composition 1063:1088 In the case of AA sources, ants preferred components with a more diverse composition. 28576457 5 32 theme AA 1020:1021 arg1 sources 1023:1029 AA sources 1020:1029 AA sources 1020:1029 In the case of AA sources, ants preferred components with a more diverse composition. 28576457 3 33 theme acid 746:749 arg1 sources 756:762 amino acid (AA) sources 740:762 amino acid (AA) sources 740:762 We tested the ant's preference between basic sugars (mono- and disaccharides) used as main ingredients and attractants (trisaccharides and amino acid (AA) sources) added to basic sugar in small amounts. 28576457 3 34 dep attractants 708:718 arg1 sources 756:762 amino acid (AA) sources 740:762 amino acid (AA) sources 740:762 We tested the ant's preference between basic sugars (mono- and disaccharides) used as main ingredients and attractants (trisaccharides and amino acid (AA) sources) added to basic sugar in small amounts. 28576457 3 34 dep attractants 708:718 arg1 trisaccharides 721:734 trisaccharides 721:734 trisaccharides 721:734 We tested the ant's preference between basic sugars (mono- and disaccharides) used as main ingredients and attractants (trisaccharides and amino acid (AA) sources) added to basic sugar in small amounts. 28576457 1 35 theme trophobiotic 159:170 arg1 homopterans 172:182 trophobiotic homopterans 159:182 trophobiotic homopterans 159:182 The mutualistic relationship that the garden ant Lasius niger (L.) establishes with trophobiotic homopterans makes this ant an unwelcome host in commercial crops, as ants improve the survival of homopteran pests from which they collect honeydew as a source of carbohydrates. 28576457 0 36 theme black 39:43 arg1 L 70:70 L. 70:71 L. 70:71 Sugar and amino acid preference in the black garden ant Lasius niger (L.). 28576457 0 36 theme black 39:43 arg1 niger 63:67 the black garden ant Lasius niger 35:67 the black garden ant Lasius niger (L.) 35:72 Sugar and amino acid preference in the black garden ant Lasius niger (L.). 28576457 3 37 theme main 687:690 arg1 ingredients 692:702 main ingredients 687:702 main ingredients 687:702 We tested the ant's preference between basic sugars (mono- and disaccharides) used as main ingredients and attractants (trisaccharides and amino acid (AA) sources) added to basic sugar in small amounts. 28576457 6 38 theme sugar 1182:1186 arg1 solutions 1188:1196 sugar solutions 1182:1196 sugar solutions 1182:1196 In conclusion, trisaccharides and AA sources can be used to increase the attractiveness of sugar solutions, leading to the development of solutions that when supplied in artificial feeders can out-compete honeydew and disrupt harmful ant-homopteran mutualisms in agriculture. 28576457 2 39 theme sources 392:398 arg1 offering 362:369 the offering 358:369 the offering of alternative sugar sources 358:398 Because the offering of alternative sugar sources can be used to disrupt this relationship, the present study explored L. niger's preference towards sugar and amino acid components that may be used in sugar solutions to increase their attractiveness. 28576457 2 40 theme sugar 499:503 arg1 components 520:529 sugar and amino acid components 499:529 sugar and amino acid components that may be used in sugar solutions to increase their attractiveness 499:598 Because the offering of alternative sugar sources can be used to disrupt this relationship, the present study explored L. niger's preference towards sugar and amino acid components that may be used in sugar solutions to increase their attractiveness. 28576457 1 41 theme carbohydrates 335:347 arg1 source 325:330 a source 323:330 a source of carbohydrates 323:347 The mutualistic relationship that the garden ant Lasius niger (L.) establishes with trophobiotic homopterans makes this ant an unwelcome host in commercial crops, as ants improve the survival of homopteran pests from which they collect honeydew as a source of carbohydrates. 28576457 1 41 theme carbohydrates 335:347 arg1 honeydew 311:318 honeydew 311:318 honeydew 311:318 The mutualistic relationship that the garden ant Lasius niger (L.) establishes with trophobiotic homopterans makes this ant an unwelcome host in commercial crops, as ants improve the survival of homopteran pests from which they collect honeydew as a source of carbohydrates. 28576457 3 42 dep sugars 646:651 arg1 disaccharides 664:676 disaccharides 664:676 disaccharides 664:676 We tested the ant's preference between basic sugars (mono- and disaccharides) used as main ingredients and attractants (trisaccharides and amino acid (AA) sources) added to basic sugar in small amounts. 28576457 3 42 dep sugars 646:651 arg1 mono- 654:658 mono- 654:658 mono- 654:658 We tested the ant's preference between basic sugars (mono- and disaccharides) used as main ingredients and attractants (trisaccharides and amino acid (AA) sources) added to basic sugar in small amounts. 28576457 3 42 dep sugars 646:651 arg1 sugars 646:651 basic sugars 640:651 basic sugars (mono- and disaccharides) used as main ingredients and attractants (trisaccharides and amino acid (AA) sources) added to basic sugar in small amounts 640:801 We tested the ant's preference between basic sugars (mono- and disaccharides) used as main ingredients and attractants (trisaccharides and amino acid (AA) sources) added to basic sugar in small amounts. 28576457 6 43 from mutualisms 1340:1349 arg1 agriculture 1354:1364 agriculture 1354:1364 agriculture 1354:1364 In conclusion, trisaccharides and AA sources can be used to increase the attractiveness of sugar solutions, leading to the development of solutions that when supplied in artificial feeders can out-compete honeydew and disrupt harmful ant-homopteran mutualisms in agriculture. 28576457 3 44 from sugar 780:784 arg1 amounts 795:801 small amounts 789:801 small amounts 789:801 We tested the ant's preference between basic sugars (mono- and disaccharides) used as main ingredients and attractants (trisaccharides and amino acid (AA) sources) added to basic sugar in small amounts. 28576457 1 45 theme mutualistic 79:89 arg1 relationship 91:102 The mutualistic relationship 75:102 The mutualistic relationship that the garden ant Lasius niger (L.) establishes with trophobiotic homopterans 75:182 The mutualistic relationship that the garden ant Lasius niger (L.) establishes with trophobiotic homopterans makes this ant an unwelcome host in commercial crops, as ants improve the survival of homopteran pests from which they collect honeydew as a source of carbohydrates. 28576457 4 46 theme protein 968:974 arg1 source 976:981 a protein source 966:981 a protein source 966:981 Results showed that ants preferred disaccharides over monosaccharides, and that trisaccharides increased the attractiveness of sucrose solutions, albeit not when a protein source was added to the mix. 28576457 6 47 theme solutions 1188:1196 arg1 attractiveness 1164:1177 the attractiveness 1160:1177 the attractiveness of sugar solutions 1160:1196 In conclusion, trisaccharides and AA sources can be used to increase the attractiveness of sugar solutions, leading to the development of solutions that when supplied in artificial feeders can out-compete honeydew and disrupt harmful ant-homopteran mutualisms in agriculture. 28576457 0 48 theme ant 52:54 arg1 L 70:70 L. 70:71 L. 70:71 Sugar and amino acid preference in the black garden ant Lasius niger (L.). 28576457 0 48 theme ant 52:54 arg1 niger 63:67 the black garden ant Lasius niger 35:67 the black garden ant Lasius niger (L.) 35:72 Sugar and amino acid preference in the black garden ant Lasius niger (L.). 28576457 0 49 theme garden 45:50 arg1 L 70:70 L. 70:71 L. 70:71 Sugar and amino acid preference in the black garden ant Lasius niger (L.). 28576457 0 49 theme garden 45:50 arg1 niger 63:67 the black garden ant Lasius niger 35:67 the black garden ant Lasius niger (L.) 35:72 Sugar and amino acid preference in the black garden ant Lasius niger (L.). 28576457 4 50 theme solutions 939:947 arg1 attractiveness 913:926 the attractiveness 909:926 the attractiveness of sucrose solutions 909:947 Results showed that ants preferred disaccharides over monosaccharides, and that trisaccharides increased the attractiveness of sucrose solutions, albeit not when a protein source was added to the mix. 28576457 4 51 theme sucrose 931:937 arg1 solutions 939:947 sucrose solutions 931:947 sucrose solutions 931:947 Results showed that ants preferred disaccharides over monosaccharides, and that trisaccharides increased the attractiveness of sucrose solutions, albeit not when a protein source was added to the mix. 28576457 5 52 theme sources 1023:1029 arg1 case 1012:1015 the case 1008:1015 the case of AA sources 1008:1029 In the case of AA sources, ants preferred components with a more diverse composition. 25660884 11 0 theme cheaper 1194:1200 arg1 promise 1172:1178 great promise 1166:1178 great promise 1166:1178 Succinylated Acha starches hold great promise as a good and cheaper replacement for gums in Food Applications. 25660884 11 0 theme cheaper 1194:1200 arg1 replacement 1202:1212 a good and cheaper replacement 1183:1212 a good and cheaper replacement for gums in Food Applications 1183:1242 Succinylated Acha starches hold great promise as a good and cheaper replacement for gums in Food Applications. 25660884 9 1 theme substitution 982:993 arg1 order 973:977 the order 969:977 the order of substitution 969:993 Pasting viscosities (165.9-307.5 RVU) decreased and did not follow the order of substitution. 25660884 0 2 theme morphological 65:77 arg1 properties 79:88 the functional and morphological properties 46:88 the functional and morphological properties of starch from acha (Digitaria exilis Kippis Stapf) 46:140 Effect of varying degrees of succinylation on the functional and morphological properties of starch from acha (Digitaria exilis Kippis Stapf). 25660884 10 3 dep different 1114:1122 arg1 P<0.05 1125:1130 P<0.05 1125:1130 P<0.05 1125:1130 Morphology (polygonal) and granular sizes (6-12 μm) among the succinylated and native starches were not significantly different (P<0.05). 25660884 6 4 dep increased 643:651 arg1 % 664:664 5.63-11.68% 654:664 5.63-11.68% 654:664 Succinylation increased (5.63-11.68%) with increasing concentration of SA. 25660884 1 5 theme Scientific 143:152 arg1 data 154:157 Scientific data 143:157 Scientific data on the effect of varying degrees of succinylation on starch from Acha, an underutilized source 143:252 Scientific data on the effect of varying degrees of succinylation on starch from Acha, an underutilized source is scanty. 25660884 4 6 theme starches 525:532 arg1 characteristics 477:491 functional characteristics 466:491 functional characteristics 466:491 Proximate composition and functional characteristics of both native and succinylated starches were evaluated according to standard methods. 25660884 4 6 theme starches 525:532 arg1 composition 450:460 Proximate composition 440:460 Proximate composition 440:460 Proximate composition and functional characteristics of both native and succinylated starches were evaluated according to standard methods. 25660884 0 7 theme starch 93:98 arg1 properties 79:88 the functional and morphological properties 46:88 the functional and morphological properties of starch from acha (Digitaria exilis Kippis Stapf) 46:140 Effect of varying degrees of succinylation on the functional and morphological properties of starch from acha (Digitaria exilis Kippis Stapf). 25660884 0 8 from Effect 0:5 arg1 properties 79:88 the functional and morphological properties 46:88 the functional and morphological properties of starch from acha (Digitaria exilis Kippis Stapf) 46:140 Effect of varying degrees of succinylation on the functional and morphological properties of starch from acha (Digitaria exilis Kippis Stapf). 25660884 11 9 theme good 1185:1188 arg1 promise 1172:1178 great promise 1166:1178 great promise 1166:1178 Succinylated Acha starches hold great promise as a good and cheaper replacement for gums in Food Applications. 25660884 11 9 theme good 1185:1188 arg1 replacement 1202:1212 a good and cheaper replacement 1183:1212 a good and cheaper replacement for gums in Food Applications 1183:1242 Succinylated Acha starches hold great promise as a good and cheaper replacement for gums in Food Applications. 25660884 11 10 theme Acha 1147:1150 arg1 starches 1152:1159 Succinylated Acha starches 1134:1159 Succinylated Acha starches 1134:1159 Succinylated Acha starches hold great promise as a good and cheaper replacement for gums in Food Applications. 25660884 3 11 dep succinylated 338:349 arg1 SA 372:373 SA 372:373 SA 372:373 Acha starch was extracted, succinylated (succinic anhydride (SA) (3-14 g/100g starch) and the degree of substitution determined. 25660884 3 11 dep succinylated 338:349 arg1 anhydride 361:369 succinic anhydride 352:369 succinic anhydride (SA) (3-14 g/100g starch 352:394 Acha starch was extracted, succinylated (succinic anhydride (SA) (3-14 g/100g starch) and the degree of substitution determined. 25660884 11 12 theme Succinylated 1134:1145 arg1 starches 1152:1159 Succinylated Acha starches 1134:1159 Succinylated Acha starches 1134:1159 Succinylated Acha starches hold great promise as a good and cheaper replacement for gums in Food Applications. 25660884 1 13 theme underutilized 233:245 arg1 source 247:252 an underutilized source 230:252 an underutilized source 230:252 Scientific data on the effect of varying degrees of succinylation on starch from Acha, an underutilized source is scanty. 25660884 1 13 theme underutilized 233:245 arg1 Acha 224:227 Acha 224:227 Acha 224:227 Scientific data on the effect of varying degrees of succinylation on starch from Acha, an underutilized source is scanty. 25660884 5 14 theme Starch 580:585 arg1 spectra 587:593 Starch spectra 580:593 Starch spectra 580:593 Starch spectra and morphology were also studied. 25660884 9 15 theme Pasting 902:908 arg1 viscosities 910:920 Pasting viscosities 902:920 Pasting viscosities (165.9-307.5 RVU) 902:938 Pasting viscosities (165.9-307.5 RVU) decreased and did not follow the order of substitution. 25660884 9 15 theme Pasting 902:908 arg1 RVU 935:937 165.9-307.5 RVU 923:937 165.9-307.5 RVU 923:937 Pasting viscosities (165.9-307.5 RVU) decreased and did not follow the order of substitution. 25660884 11 16 theme Food 1226:1229 arg1 Applications 1231:1242 Food Applications 1226:1242 Food Applications 1226:1242 Succinylated Acha starches hold great promise as a good and cheaper replacement for gums in Food Applications. 25660884 3 17 theme 3-14 377:380 arg1 starch 389:394 3-14 g/100g starch 377:394 succinic anhydride (SA) (3-14 g/100g starch 352:394 Acha starch was extracted, succinylated (succinic anhydride (SA) (3-14 g/100g starch) and the degree of substitution determined. 25660884 10 18 theme granular 1023:1030 arg1 sizes 1032:1036 granular sizes 1023:1036 granular sizes (6-12 μm) 1023:1046 Morphology (polygonal) and granular sizes (6-12 μm) among the succinylated and native starches were not significantly different (P<0.05). 25660884 10 18 theme granular 1023:1030 arg1 μm 1044:1045 6-12 μm 1039:1045 6-12 μm 1039:1045 Morphology (polygonal) and granular sizes (6-12 μm) among the succinylated and native starches were not significantly different (P<0.05). 25660884 3 19 dep anhydride 361:369 arg1 starch 389:394 3-14 g/100g starch 377:394 succinic anhydride (SA) (3-14 g/100g starch 352:394 Acha starch was extracted, succinylated (succinic anhydride (SA) (3-14 g/100g starch) and the degree of substitution determined. 25660884 1 20 from Acha 224:227 arg1 data 154:157 Scientific data 143:157 Scientific data on the effect of varying degrees of succinylation on starch from Acha, an underutilized source 143:252 Scientific data on the effect of varying degrees of succinylation on starch from Acha, an underutilized source is scanty. 25660884 4 21 theme native 501:506 arg1 starches 525:532 both native and succinylated starches 496:532 both native and succinylated starches 496:532 Proximate composition and functional characteristics of both native and succinylated starches were evaluated according to standard methods. 25660884 0 22 theme degrees 18:24 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of varying degrees of succinylation on the functional and morphological properties of starch from acha (Digitaria exilis Kippis Stapf). 0:141 Effect of varying degrees of succinylation on the functional and morphological properties of starch from acha (Digitaria exilis Kippis Stapf). 25660884 0 23 theme Digitaria 111:119 arg1 Stapf 135:139 Digitaria exilis Kippis Stapf 111:139 Digitaria exilis Kippis Stapf 111:139 Effect of varying degrees of succinylation on the functional and morphological properties of starch from acha (Digitaria exilis Kippis Stapf). 25660884 0 23 theme Digitaria 111:119 arg1 acha 105:108 acha 105:108 acha (Digitaria exilis Kippis Stapf) 105:140 Effect of varying degrees of succinylation on the functional and morphological properties of starch from acha (Digitaria exilis Kippis Stapf). 25660884 0 24 theme varying 10:16 arg1 degrees 18:24 varying degrees 10:24 varying degrees of succinylation 10:41 Effect of varying degrees of succinylation on the functional and morphological properties of starch from acha (Digitaria exilis Kippis Stapf). 25660884 4 25 theme succinylated 512:523 arg1 starches 525:532 both native and succinylated starches 496:532 both native and succinylated starches 496:532 Proximate composition and functional characteristics of both native and succinylated starches were evaluated according to standard methods. 25660884 0 26 from properties 79:88 arg1 Stapf 135:139 Digitaria exilis Kippis Stapf 111:139 Digitaria exilis Kippis Stapf 111:139 Effect of varying degrees of succinylation on the functional and morphological properties of starch from acha (Digitaria exilis Kippis Stapf). 25660884 0 26 from properties 79:88 arg1 acha 105:108 acha 105:108 acha (Digitaria exilis Kippis Stapf) 105:140 Effect of varying degrees of succinylation on the functional and morphological properties of starch from acha (Digitaria exilis Kippis Stapf). 25660884 2 27 theme study 304:308 arg1 focus 290:294 the focus 286:294 the focus of this study 286:308 Bridging this gap is the focus of this study. 25660884 1 28 theme varying 176:182 arg1 degrees 184:190 varying degrees 176:190 varying degrees of succinylation 176:207 Scientific data on the effect of varying degrees of succinylation on starch from Acha, an underutilized source is scanty. 25660884 0 29 theme succinylation 29:41 arg1 degrees 18:24 varying degrees 10:24 varying degrees of succinylation 10:41 Effect of varying degrees of succinylation on the functional and morphological properties of starch from acha (Digitaria exilis Kippis Stapf). 25660884 0 30 theme Kippis 128:133 arg1 Stapf 135:139 Digitaria exilis Kippis Stapf 111:139 Digitaria exilis Kippis Stapf 111:139 Effect of varying degrees of succinylation on the functional and morphological properties of starch from acha (Digitaria exilis Kippis Stapf). 25660884 0 30 theme Kippis 128:133 arg1 acha 105:108 acha 105:108 acha (Digitaria exilis Kippis Stapf) 105:140 Effect of varying degrees of succinylation on the functional and morphological properties of starch from acha (Digitaria exilis Kippis Stapf). 25660884 3 31 theme g/100g 382:387 arg1 starch 389:394 3-14 g/100g starch 377:394 succinic anhydride (SA) (3-14 g/100g starch 352:394 Acha starch was extracted, succinylated (succinic anhydride (SA) (3-14 g/100g starch) and the degree of substitution determined. 25660884 1 32 theme degrees 184:190 arg1 effect 166:171 the effect 162:171 the effect of varying degrees of succinylation on starch 162:217 Scientific data on the effect of varying degrees of succinylation on starch from Acha, an underutilized source is scanty. 25660884 4 33 theme functional 466:475 arg1 characteristics 477:491 functional characteristics 466:491 functional characteristics 466:491 Proximate composition and functional characteristics of both native and succinylated starches were evaluated according to standard methods. 25660884 0 34 theme exilis 121:126 arg1 Stapf 135:139 Digitaria exilis Kippis Stapf 111:139 Digitaria exilis Kippis Stapf 111:139 Effect of varying degrees of succinylation on the functional and morphological properties of starch from acha (Digitaria exilis Kippis Stapf). 25660884 0 34 theme exilis 121:126 arg1 acha 105:108 acha 105:108 acha (Digitaria exilis Kippis Stapf) 105:140 Effect of varying degrees of succinylation on the functional and morphological properties of starch from acha (Digitaria exilis Kippis Stapf). 25660884 6 35 theme SA 700:701 arg1 concentration 683:695 concentration 683:695 concentration of SA 683:701 Succinylation increased (5.63-11.68%) with increasing concentration of SA. 25660884 3 36 theme Acha 311:314 arg1 starch 316:321 Acha starch 311:321 Acha starch 311:321 Acha starch was extracted, succinylated (succinic anhydride (SA) (3-14 g/100g starch) and the degree of substitution determined. 25660884 8 37 dep multiple 808:815 arg1 folds 817:821 folds 817:821 folds 817:821 Swelling power and solubility increased in multiple folds especially at temperatures (70-90°C) at all levels of substitution (0.1-0.20). 25660884 3 38 theme succinic 352:359 arg1 SA 372:373 SA 372:373 SA 372:373 Acha starch was extracted, succinylated (succinic anhydride (SA) (3-14 g/100g starch) and the degree of substitution determined. 25660884 3 38 theme succinic 352:359 arg1 anhydride 361:369 succinic anhydride 352:369 succinic anhydride (SA) (3-14 g/100g starch 352:394 Acha starch was extracted, succinylated (succinic anhydride (SA) (3-14 g/100g starch) and the degree of substitution determined. 25660884 0 39 from acha 105:108 arg1 starch 93:98 starch 93:98 starch from acha (Digitaria exilis Kippis Stapf) 93:140 Effect of varying degrees of succinylation on the functional and morphological properties of starch from acha (Digitaria exilis Kippis Stapf). 25660884 0 39 from acha 105:108 arg1 properties 79:88 the functional and morphological properties 46:88 the functional and morphological properties of starch from acha (Digitaria exilis Kippis Stapf) 46:140 Effect of varying degrees of succinylation on the functional and morphological properties of starch from acha (Digitaria exilis Kippis Stapf). 25660884 3 40 theme substitution 415:426 arg1 degree 405:410 the degree 401:410 the degree of substitution 401:426 Acha starch was extracted, succinylated (succinic anhydride (SA) (3-14 g/100g starch) and the degree of substitution determined. 25660884 10 41 theme succinylated 1058:1069 arg1 starches 1082:1089 the succinylated and native starches 1054:1089 the succinylated and native starches 1054:1089 Morphology (polygonal) and granular sizes (6-12 μm) among the succinylated and native starches were not significantly different (P<0.05). 25660884 11 42 theme great 1166:1170 arg1 promise 1172:1178 great promise 1166:1178 great promise 1166:1178 Succinylated Acha starches hold great promise as a good and cheaper replacement for gums in Food Applications. 25660884 11 42 theme great 1166:1170 arg1 replacement 1202:1212 a good and cheaper replacement 1183:1212 a good and cheaper replacement for gums in Food Applications 1183:1242 Succinylated Acha starches hold great promise as a good and cheaper replacement for gums in Food Applications. 25660884 8 43 theme substitution 877:888 arg1 levels 867:872 all levels 863:872 all levels of substitution (0.1-0.20) 863:899 Swelling power and solubility increased in multiple folds especially at temperatures (70-90°C) at all levels of substitution (0.1-0.20). 25660884 8 44 theme Swelling 765:772 arg1 power 774:778 Swelling power 765:778 Swelling power 765:778 Swelling power and solubility increased in multiple folds especially at temperatures (70-90°C) at all levels of substitution (0.1-0.20). 25660884 1 45 theme succinylation 195:207 arg1 degrees 184:190 varying degrees 176:190 varying degrees of succinylation 176:207 Scientific data on the effect of varying degrees of succinylation on starch from Acha, an underutilized source is scanty. 25660884 11 46 from replacement 1202:1212 arg1 Applications 1231:1242 Food Applications 1226:1242 Food Applications 1226:1242 Succinylated Acha starches hold great promise as a good and cheaper replacement for gums in Food Applications. 25660884 4 47 theme Proximate 440:448 arg1 composition 450:460 Proximate composition 440:460 Proximate composition 440:460 Proximate composition and functional characteristics of both native and succinylated starches were evaluated according to standard methods. 25660884 1 48 from effect 166:171 arg1 starch 212:217 starch 212:217 starch 212:217 Scientific data on the effect of varying degrees of succinylation on starch from Acha, an underutilized source is scanty. 25660884 0 49 theme functional 50:59 arg1 properties 79:88 the functional and morphological properties 46:88 the functional and morphological properties of starch from acha (Digitaria exilis Kippis Stapf) 46:140 Effect of varying degrees of succinylation on the functional and morphological properties of starch from acha (Digitaria exilis Kippis Stapf). 25660884 1 50 from data 154:157 arg1 effect 166:171 the effect 162:171 the effect of varying degrees of succinylation on starch 162:217 Scientific data on the effect of varying degrees of succinylation on starch from Acha, an underutilized source is scanty. 25660884 4 51 theme standard 562:569 arg1 methods 571:577 standard methods 562:577 standard methods 562:577 Proximate composition and functional characteristics of both native and succinylated starches were evaluated according to standard methods. 25660884 10 52 theme native 1075:1080 arg1 starches 1082:1089 the succinylated and native starches 1054:1089 the succinylated and native starches 1054:1089 Morphology (polygonal) and granular sizes (6-12 μm) among the succinylated and native starches were not significantly different (P<0.05). 28189227 4 0 theme end 1007:1009 arg1 groups 1011:1016 C18H37 end groups 1000:1016 C18H37 end groups 1000:1016 The best activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Minimun Inhibitory Concentration 60μg/mL) was provided by polymers obtained from dextran with lower molecular mass (Mn=4500), C12H25 or C18H37 end groups, and N,N-dimethyl-N-benzylammonium pendent groups. 28189227 3 1 theme antimicrobial 721:733 arg1 activity 735:742 antimicrobial activity 721:742 antimicrobial activity for all strains studied 721:766 Polymers had antimicrobial activity for all strains studied, except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. 28189227 4 2 dep N 1023:1023 arg1 groups 1061:1066 pendent groups 1053:1066 pendent groups 1053:1066 The best activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Minimun Inhibitory Concentration 60μg/mL) was provided by polymers obtained from dextran with lower molecular mass (Mn=4500), C12H25 or C18H37 end groups, and N,N-dimethyl-N-benzylammonium pendent groups. 28189227 2 3 dep method 603:608 arg1 diameter 611:618 diameter 611:618 diameter of inhibition zone 611:637 Dependence of antimicrobial activity on both polymer chemical composition (dextran molar mass, length of end alkyl group and chemical structure of ammonium groups) and type of microbes was highlighted by disc-diffusion method (diameter of inhibition zone) and broth microdilution method (minimum inhibitory concentrations). 28189227 1 4 theme main 255:258 arg1 backbone 268:275 the main dextran backbone 251:275 the main dextran backbone 251:275 Cationic amphiphilic dextran derivatives with a long alkyl group attached to the reductive end of the polysaccharide chain and quaternary ammonium groups attached as pendent groups to the main dextran backbone were synthesized and tested for their antimicrobial properties against several bacteria and fungi strains. 28189227 2 5 theme group 499:503 arg1 mass 473:476 dextran molar mass 459:476 dextran molar mass 459:476 Dependence of antimicrobial activity on both polymer chemical composition (dextran molar mass, length of end alkyl group and chemical structure of ammonium groups) and type of microbes was highlighted by disc-diffusion method (diameter of inhibition zone) and broth microdilution method (minimum inhibitory concentrations). 28189227 2 5 theme group 499:503 arg1 structure 518:526 chemical structure 509:526 chemical structure 509:526 Dependence of antimicrobial activity on both polymer chemical composition (dextran molar mass, length of end alkyl group and chemical structure of ammonium groups) and type of microbes was highlighted by disc-diffusion method (diameter of inhibition zone) and broth microdilution method (minimum inhibitory concentrations). 28189227 2 5 theme group 499:503 arg1 length 479:484 length 479:484 length of end alkyl group 479:503 Dependence of antimicrobial activity on both polymer chemical composition (dextran molar mass, length of end alkyl group and chemical structure of ammonium groups) and type of microbes was highlighted by disc-diffusion method (diameter of inhibition zone) and broth microdilution method (minimum inhibitory concentrations). 28189227 3 6 contain had 717:719 arg1 Polymers 708:715 Polymers 708:715 Polymers 708:715 Polymers had antimicrobial activity for all strains studied, except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. 28189227 3 6 contain had 717:719 arg2 activity 735:742 antimicrobial activity 721:742 antimicrobial activity for all strains studied 721:766 Polymers had antimicrobial activity for all strains studied, except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. 28189227 1 7 theme dextran 260:266 arg1 backbone 268:275 the main dextran backbone 251:275 the main dextran backbone 251:275 Cationic amphiphilic dextran derivatives with a long alkyl group attached to the reductive end of the polysaccharide chain and quaternary ammonium groups attached as pendent groups to the main dextran backbone were synthesized and tested for their antimicrobial properties against several bacteria and fungi strains. 28189227 1 8 theme fungi 369:373 arg1 strains 375:381 fungi strains 369:381 fungi strains 369:381 Cationic amphiphilic dextran derivatives with a long alkyl group attached to the reductive end of the polysaccharide chain and quaternary ammonium groups attached as pendent groups to the main dextran backbone were synthesized and tested for their antimicrobial properties against several bacteria and fungi strains. 28189227 1 9 theme Cationic 67:74 arg1 derivatives 96:106 Cationic amphiphilic dextran derivatives 67:106 Cationic amphiphilic dextran derivatives with a long alkyl group attached to the reductive end of the polysaccharide chain and quaternary ammonium groups attached as pendent groups to the main dextran backbone 67:275 Cationic amphiphilic dextran derivatives with a long alkyl group attached to the reductive end of the polysaccharide chain and quaternary ammonium groups attached as pendent groups to the main dextran backbone were synthesized and tested for their antimicrobial properties against several bacteria and fungi strains. 28189227 2 10 theme groups 540:545 arg1 mass 473:476 dextran molar mass 459:476 dextran molar mass 459:476 Dependence of antimicrobial activity on both polymer chemical composition (dextran molar mass, length of end alkyl group and chemical structure of ammonium groups) and type of microbes was highlighted by disc-diffusion method (diameter of inhibition zone) and broth microdilution method (minimum inhibitory concentrations). 28189227 2 10 theme groups 540:545 arg1 structure 518:526 chemical structure 509:526 chemical structure 509:526 Dependence of antimicrobial activity on both polymer chemical composition (dextran molar mass, length of end alkyl group and chemical structure of ammonium groups) and type of microbes was highlighted by disc-diffusion method (diameter of inhibition zone) and broth microdilution method (minimum inhibitory concentrations). 28189227 2 10 theme groups 540:545 arg1 length 479:484 length 479:484 length of end alkyl group 479:503 Dependence of antimicrobial activity on both polymer chemical composition (dextran molar mass, length of end alkyl group and chemical structure of ammonium groups) and type of microbes was highlighted by disc-diffusion method (diameter of inhibition zone) and broth microdilution method (minimum inhibitory concentrations). 28189227 3 11 dep Pseudomonas 780:790 arg1 aeruginosa 792:801 aeruginosa 792:801 aeruginosa 792:801 Polymers had antimicrobial activity for all strains studied, except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. 28189227 2 12 theme microdilution 650:662 arg1 method 664:669 broth microdilution method 644:669 broth microdilution method 644:669 Dependence of antimicrobial activity on both polymer chemical composition (dextran molar mass, length of end alkyl group and chemical structure of ammonium groups) and type of microbes was highlighted by disc-diffusion method (diameter of inhibition zone) and broth microdilution method (minimum inhibitory concentrations). 28189227 1 13 theme amphiphilic 76:86 arg1 derivatives 96:106 Cationic amphiphilic dextran derivatives 67:106 Cationic amphiphilic dextran derivatives with a long alkyl group attached to the reductive end of the polysaccharide chain and quaternary ammonium groups attached as pendent groups to the main dextran backbone 67:275 Cationic amphiphilic dextran derivatives with a long alkyl group attached to the reductive end of the polysaccharide chain and quaternary ammonium groups attached as pendent groups to the main dextran backbone were synthesized and tested for their antimicrobial properties against several bacteria and fungi strains. 28189227 2 14 theme ammonium 531:538 arg1 groups 540:545 ammonium groups 531:545 ammonium groups 531:545 Dependence of antimicrobial activity on both polymer chemical composition (dextran molar mass, length of end alkyl group and chemical structure of ammonium groups) and type of microbes was highlighted by disc-diffusion method (diameter of inhibition zone) and broth microdilution method (minimum inhibitory concentrations). 28189227 4 15 theme lower 958:962 arg1 Mn=4500 980:986 Mn=4500 980:986 Mn=4500 980:986 The best activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Minimun Inhibitory Concentration 60μg/mL) was provided by polymers obtained from dextran with lower molecular mass (Mn=4500), C12H25 or C18H37 end groups, and N,N-dimethyl-N-benzylammonium pendent groups. 28189227 4 15 theme lower 958:962 arg1 mass 974:977 lower molecular mass 958:977 lower molecular mass (Mn=4500) 958:987 The best activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Minimun Inhibitory Concentration 60μg/mL) was provided by polymers obtained from dextran with lower molecular mass (Mn=4500), C12H25 or C18H37 end groups, and N,N-dimethyl-N-benzylammonium pendent groups. 28189227 2 16 theme broth 644:648 arg1 method 664:669 broth microdilution method 644:669 broth microdilution method 644:669 Dependence of antimicrobial activity on both polymer chemical composition (dextran molar mass, length of end alkyl group and chemical structure of ammonium groups) and type of microbes was highlighted by disc-diffusion method (diameter of inhibition zone) and broth microdilution method (minimum inhibitory concentrations). 28189227 1 17 theme dextran 88:94 arg1 derivatives 96:106 Cationic amphiphilic dextran derivatives 67:106 Cationic amphiphilic dextran derivatives with a long alkyl group attached to the reductive end of the polysaccharide chain and quaternary ammonium groups attached as pendent groups to the main dextran backbone 67:275 Cationic amphiphilic dextran derivatives with a long alkyl group attached to the reductive end of the polysaccharide chain and quaternary ammonium groups attached as pendent groups to the main dextran backbone were synthesized and tested for their antimicrobial properties against several bacteria and fungi strains. 28189227 1 18 theme polysaccharide 169:182 arg1 chain 184:188 the polysaccharide chain 165:188 the polysaccharide chain 165:188 Cationic amphiphilic dextran derivatives with a long alkyl group attached to the reductive end of the polysaccharide chain and quaternary ammonium groups attached as pendent groups to the main dextran backbone were synthesized and tested for their antimicrobial properties against several bacteria and fungi strains. 28189227 2 19 theme alkyl 493:497 arg1 group 499:503 end alkyl group 489:503 end alkyl group 489:503 Dependence of antimicrobial activity on both polymer chemical composition (dextran molar mass, length of end alkyl group and chemical structure of ammonium groups) and type of microbes was highlighted by disc-diffusion method (diameter of inhibition zone) and broth microdilution method (minimum inhibitory concentrations). 28189227 1 20 theme chain 184:188 arg1 end 158:160 the reductive end 144:160 the reductive end of the polysaccharide chain 144:188 Cationic amphiphilic dextran derivatives with a long alkyl group attached to the reductive end of the polysaccharide chain and quaternary ammonium groups attached as pendent groups to the main dextran backbone were synthesized and tested for their antimicrobial properties against several bacteria and fungi strains. 28189227 2 21 theme end 489:491 arg1 group 499:503 end alkyl group 489:503 end alkyl group 489:503 Dependence of antimicrobial activity on both polymer chemical composition (dextran molar mass, length of end alkyl group and chemical structure of ammonium groups) and type of microbes was highlighted by disc-diffusion method (diameter of inhibition zone) and broth microdilution method (minimum inhibitory concentrations). 28189227 4 22 theme C18H37 1000:1005 arg1 groups 1011:1016 C18H37 end groups 1000:1016 C18H37 end groups 1000:1016 The best activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Minimun Inhibitory Concentration 60μg/mL) was provided by polymers obtained from dextran with lower molecular mass (Mn=4500), C12H25 or C18H37 end groups, and N,N-dimethyl-N-benzylammonium pendent groups. 28189227 2 23 theme zone 634:637 arg1 diameter 611:618 diameter 611:618 diameter of inhibition zone 611:637 Dependence of antimicrobial activity on both polymer chemical composition (dextran molar mass, length of end alkyl group and chemical structure of ammonium groups) and type of microbes was highlighted by disc-diffusion method (diameter of inhibition zone) and broth microdilution method (minimum inhibitory concentrations). 28189227 2 24 theme activity 412:419 arg1 Dependence 384:393 Dependence 384:393 Dependence of antimicrobial activity on both polymer chemical composition (dextran molar mass, length of end alkyl group and chemical structure of ammonium groups) and type of microbes 384:567 Dependence of antimicrobial activity on both polymer chemical composition (dextran molar mass, length of end alkyl group and chemical structure of ammonium groups) and type of microbes was highlighted by disc-diffusion method (diameter of inhibition zone) and broth microdilution method (minimum inhibitory concentrations). 28189227 0 25 theme Antimicrobial 0:12 arg1 activity 14:21 Antimicrobial activity 0:21 Antimicrobial activity of chemically modified dextran derivatives 0:64 Antimicrobial activity of chemically modified dextran derivatives. 28189227 2 26 theme inhibition 623:632 arg1 zone 634:637 inhibition zone 623:637 inhibition zone 623:637 Dependence of antimicrobial activity on both polymer chemical composition (dextran molar mass, length of end alkyl group and chemical structure of ammonium groups) and type of microbes was highlighted by disc-diffusion method (diameter of inhibition zone) and broth microdilution method (minimum inhibitory concentrations). 28189227 2 27 theme inhibitory 680:689 arg1 concentrations 691:704 minimum inhibitory concentrations 672:704 minimum inhibitory concentrations 672:704 Dependence of antimicrobial activity on both polymer chemical composition (dextran molar mass, length of end alkyl group and chemical structure of ammonium groups) and type of microbes was highlighted by disc-diffusion method (diameter of inhibition zone) and broth microdilution method (minimum inhibitory concentrations). 28189227 4 28 theme Inhibitory 872:881 arg1 60μg/mL 897:903 Minimun Inhibitory Concentration 60μg/mL 864:903 Minimun Inhibitory Concentration 60μg/mL 864:903 The best activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Minimun Inhibitory Concentration 60μg/mL) was provided by polymers obtained from dextran with lower molecular mass (Mn=4500), C12H25 or C18H37 end groups, and N,N-dimethyl-N-benzylammonium pendent groups. 28189227 4 28 theme Inhibitory 872:881 arg1 aureus 856:861 Staphylococcus aureus 841:861 Staphylococcus aureus (Minimun Inhibitory Concentration 60μg/mL) 841:904 The best activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Minimun Inhibitory Concentration 60μg/mL) was provided by polymers obtained from dextran with lower molecular mass (Mn=4500), C12H25 or C18H37 end groups, and N,N-dimethyl-N-benzylammonium pendent groups. 28189227 4 29 with dextran 945:951 arg1 N-dimethyl-N-benzylammonium 1025:1051 N-dimethyl-N-benzylammonium 1025:1051 N-dimethyl-N-benzylammonium 1025:1051 The best activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Minimun Inhibitory Concentration 60μg/mL) was provided by polymers obtained from dextran with lower molecular mass (Mn=4500), C12H25 or C18H37 end groups, and N,N-dimethyl-N-benzylammonium pendent groups. 28189227 4 29 with dextran 945:951 arg1 N 1023:1023 N 1023:1023 N 1023:1023 The best activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Minimun Inhibitory Concentration 60μg/mL) was provided by polymers obtained from dextran with lower molecular mass (Mn=4500), C12H25 or C18H37 end groups, and N,N-dimethyl-N-benzylammonium pendent groups. 28189227 4 29 with dextran 945:951 arg1 Mn=4500 980:986 Mn=4500 980:986 Mn=4500 980:986 The best activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Minimun Inhibitory Concentration 60μg/mL) was provided by polymers obtained from dextran with lower molecular mass (Mn=4500), C12H25 or C18H37 end groups, and N,N-dimethyl-N-benzylammonium pendent groups. 28189227 4 29 with dextran 945:951 arg1 C12H25 990:995 C12H25 990:995 C12H25 990:995 The best activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Minimun Inhibitory Concentration 60μg/mL) was provided by polymers obtained from dextran with lower molecular mass (Mn=4500), C12H25 or C18H37 end groups, and N,N-dimethyl-N-benzylammonium pendent groups. 28189227 4 29 with dextran 945:951 arg1 mass 974:977 lower molecular mass 958:977 lower molecular mass (Mn=4500) 958:987 The best activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Minimun Inhibitory Concentration 60μg/mL) was provided by polymers obtained from dextran with lower molecular mass (Mn=4500), C12H25 or C18H37 end groups, and N,N-dimethyl-N-benzylammonium pendent groups. 28189227 1 30 theme quaternary 194:203 arg1 groups 214:219 quaternary ammonium groups 194:219 quaternary ammonium groups attached as pendent groups to the main dextran backbone 194:275 Cationic amphiphilic dextran derivatives with a long alkyl group attached to the reductive end of the polysaccharide chain and quaternary ammonium groups attached as pendent groups to the main dextran backbone were synthesized and tested for their antimicrobial properties against several bacteria and fungi strains. 28189227 2 31 theme molar 467:471 arg1 mass 473:476 dextran molar mass 459:476 dextran molar mass 459:476 Dependence of antimicrobial activity on both polymer chemical composition (dextran molar mass, length of end alkyl group and chemical structure of ammonium groups) and type of microbes was highlighted by disc-diffusion method (diameter of inhibition zone) and broth microdilution method (minimum inhibitory concentrations). 28189227 2 31 theme molar 467:471 arg1 structure 518:526 chemical structure 509:526 chemical structure 509:526 Dependence of antimicrobial activity on both polymer chemical composition (dextran molar mass, length of end alkyl group and chemical structure of ammonium groups) and type of microbes was highlighted by disc-diffusion method (diameter of inhibition zone) and broth microdilution method (minimum inhibitory concentrations). 28189227 2 31 theme molar 467:471 arg1 length 479:484 length 479:484 length of end alkyl group 479:503 Dependence of antimicrobial activity on both polymer chemical composition (dextran molar mass, length of end alkyl group and chemical structure of ammonium groups) and type of microbes was highlighted by disc-diffusion method (diameter of inhibition zone) and broth microdilution method (minimum inhibitory concentrations). 28189227 2 32 theme microbes 560:567 arg1 composition 446:456 polymer chemical composition 429:456 polymer chemical composition (dextran molar mass, length of end alkyl group and chemical structure of ammonium groups) 429:546 Dependence of antimicrobial activity on both polymer chemical composition (dextran molar mass, length of end alkyl group and chemical structure of ammonium groups) and type of microbes was highlighted by disc-diffusion method (diameter of inhibition zone) and broth microdilution method (minimum inhibitory concentrations). 28189227 2 32 theme microbes 560:567 arg1 type 552:555 type 552:555 type of microbes 552:567 Dependence of antimicrobial activity on both polymer chemical composition (dextran molar mass, length of end alkyl group and chemical structure of ammonium groups) and type of microbes was highlighted by disc-diffusion method (diameter of inhibition zone) and broth microdilution method (minimum inhibitory concentrations). 28189227 2 33 theme minimum 672:678 arg1 concentrations 691:704 minimum inhibitory concentrations 672:704 minimum inhibitory concentrations 672:704 Dependence of antimicrobial activity on both polymer chemical composition (dextran molar mass, length of end alkyl group and chemical structure of ammonium groups) and type of microbes was highlighted by disc-diffusion method (diameter of inhibition zone) and broth microdilution method (minimum inhibitory concentrations). 28189227 1 34 theme long 115:118 arg1 group 126:130 a long alkyl group 113:130 a long alkyl group attached to the reductive end of the polysaccharide chain 113:188 Cationic amphiphilic dextran derivatives with a long alkyl group attached to the reductive end of the polysaccharide chain and quaternary ammonium groups attached as pendent groups to the main dextran backbone were synthesized and tested for their antimicrobial properties against several bacteria and fungi strains. 28189227 1 35 theme ammonium 205:212 arg1 groups 214:219 quaternary ammonium groups 194:219 quaternary ammonium groups attached as pendent groups to the main dextran backbone 194:275 Cationic amphiphilic dextran derivatives with a long alkyl group attached to the reductive end of the polysaccharide chain and quaternary ammonium groups attached as pendent groups to the main dextran backbone were synthesized and tested for their antimicrobial properties against several bacteria and fungi strains. 28189227 2 36 theme dextran 459:465 arg1 mass 473:476 dextran molar mass 459:476 dextran molar mass 459:476 Dependence of antimicrobial activity on both polymer chemical composition (dextran molar mass, length of end alkyl group and chemical structure of ammonium groups) and type of microbes was highlighted by disc-diffusion method (diameter of inhibition zone) and broth microdilution method (minimum inhibitory concentrations). 28189227 2 36 theme dextran 459:465 arg1 structure 518:526 chemical structure 509:526 chemical structure 509:526 Dependence of antimicrobial activity on both polymer chemical composition (dextran molar mass, length of end alkyl group and chemical structure of ammonium groups) and type of microbes was highlighted by disc-diffusion method (diameter of inhibition zone) and broth microdilution method (minimum inhibitory concentrations). 28189227 2 36 theme dextran 459:465 arg1 length 479:484 length 479:484 length of end alkyl group 479:503 Dependence of antimicrobial activity on both polymer chemical composition (dextran molar mass, length of end alkyl group and chemical structure of ammonium groups) and type of microbes was highlighted by disc-diffusion method (diameter of inhibition zone) and broth microdilution method (minimum inhibitory concentrations). 28189227 4 37 theme molecular 964:972 arg1 Mn=4500 980:986 Mn=4500 980:986 Mn=4500 980:986 The best activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Minimun Inhibitory Concentration 60μg/mL) was provided by polymers obtained from dextran with lower molecular mass (Mn=4500), C12H25 or C18H37 end groups, and N,N-dimethyl-N-benzylammonium pendent groups. 28189227 4 37 theme molecular 964:972 arg1 mass 974:977 lower molecular mass 958:977 lower molecular mass (Mn=4500) 958:987 The best activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Minimun Inhibitory Concentration 60μg/mL) was provided by polymers obtained from dextran with lower molecular mass (Mn=4500), C12H25 or C18H37 end groups, and N,N-dimethyl-N-benzylammonium pendent groups. 28189227 1 38 theme alkyl 120:124 arg1 group 126:130 a long alkyl group 113:130 a long alkyl group attached to the reductive end of the polysaccharide chain 113:188 Cationic amphiphilic dextran derivatives with a long alkyl group attached to the reductive end of the polysaccharide chain and quaternary ammonium groups attached as pendent groups to the main dextran backbone were synthesized and tested for their antimicrobial properties against several bacteria and fungi strains. 28189227 0 39 theme dextran 46:52 arg1 derivatives 54:64 chemically modified dextran derivatives 26:64 chemically modified dextran derivatives 26:64 Antimicrobial activity of chemically modified dextran derivatives. 28189227 4 40 theme best 819:822 arg1 activity 824:831 The best activity 815:831 The best activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Minimun Inhibitory Concentration 60μg/mL) 815:904 The best activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Minimun Inhibitory Concentration 60μg/mL) was provided by polymers obtained from dextran with lower molecular mass (Mn=4500), C12H25 or C18H37 end groups, and N,N-dimethyl-N-benzylammonium pendent groups. 28189227 2 41 theme antimicrobial 398:410 arg1 activity 412:419 antimicrobial activity 398:419 antimicrobial activity 398:419 Dependence of antimicrobial activity on both polymer chemical composition (dextran molar mass, length of end alkyl group and chemical structure of ammonium groups) and type of microbes was highlighted by disc-diffusion method (diameter of inhibition zone) and broth microdilution method (minimum inhibitory concentrations). 28189227 2 42 theme chemical 437:444 arg1 composition 446:456 polymer chemical composition 429:456 polymer chemical composition (dextran molar mass, length of end alkyl group and chemical structure of ammonium groups) 429:546 Dependence of antimicrobial activity on both polymer chemical composition (dextran molar mass, length of end alkyl group and chemical structure of ammonium groups) and type of microbes was highlighted by disc-diffusion method (diameter of inhibition zone) and broth microdilution method (minimum inhibitory concentrations). 28189227 0 43 theme modified 37:44 arg1 derivatives 54:64 chemically modified dextran derivatives 26:64 chemically modified dextran derivatives 26:64 Antimicrobial activity of chemically modified dextran derivatives. 28189227 3 44 theme ATCC 803:806 arg1 27853 808:812 Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 780:812 Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 780:812 Polymers had antimicrobial activity for all strains studied, except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. 28189227 1 45 with derivatives 96:106 arg1 groups 214:219 quaternary ammonium groups 194:219 quaternary ammonium groups attached as pendent groups to the main dextran backbone 194:275 Cationic amphiphilic dextran derivatives with a long alkyl group attached to the reductive end of the polysaccharide chain and quaternary ammonium groups attached as pendent groups to the main dextran backbone were synthesized and tested for their antimicrobial properties against several bacteria and fungi strains. 28189227 1 45 with derivatives 96:106 arg1 group 126:130 a long alkyl group 113:130 a long alkyl group attached to the reductive end of the polysaccharide chain 113:188 Cationic amphiphilic dextran derivatives with a long alkyl group attached to the reductive end of the polysaccharide chain and quaternary ammonium groups attached as pendent groups to the main dextran backbone were synthesized and tested for their antimicrobial properties against several bacteria and fungi strains. 28189227 2 46 theme polymer 429:435 arg1 composition 446:456 polymer chemical composition 429:456 polymer chemical composition (dextran molar mass, length of end alkyl group and chemical structure of ammonium groups) 429:546 Dependence of antimicrobial activity on both polymer chemical composition (dextran molar mass, length of end alkyl group and chemical structure of ammonium groups) and type of microbes was highlighted by disc-diffusion method (diameter of inhibition zone) and broth microdilution method (minimum inhibitory concentrations). 28189227 1 47 theme antimicrobial 315:327 arg1 properties 329:338 their antimicrobial properties 309:338 their antimicrobial properties 309:338 Cationic amphiphilic dextran derivatives with a long alkyl group attached to the reductive end of the polysaccharide chain and quaternary ammonium groups attached as pendent groups to the main dextran backbone were synthesized and tested for their antimicrobial properties against several bacteria and fungi strains. 28189227 2 48 theme disc-diffusion 588:601 arg1 method 603:608 disc-diffusion method 588:608 disc-diffusion method (diameter of inhibition zone) 588:638 Dependence of antimicrobial activity on both polymer chemical composition (dextran molar mass, length of end alkyl group and chemical structure of ammonium groups) and type of microbes was highlighted by disc-diffusion method (diameter of inhibition zone) and broth microdilution method (minimum inhibitory concentrations). 28189227 4 49 theme Concentration 883:895 arg1 60μg/mL 897:903 Minimun Inhibitory Concentration 60μg/mL 864:903 Minimun Inhibitory Concentration 60μg/mL 864:903 The best activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Minimun Inhibitory Concentration 60μg/mL) was provided by polymers obtained from dextran with lower molecular mass (Mn=4500), C12H25 or C18H37 end groups, and N,N-dimethyl-N-benzylammonium pendent groups. 28189227 4 49 theme Concentration 883:895 arg1 aureus 856:861 Staphylococcus aureus 841:861 Staphylococcus aureus (Minimun Inhibitory Concentration 60μg/mL) 841:904 The best activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Minimun Inhibitory Concentration 60μg/mL) was provided by polymers obtained from dextran with lower molecular mass (Mn=4500), C12H25 or C18H37 end groups, and N,N-dimethyl-N-benzylammonium pendent groups. 28189227 0 50 theme derivatives 54:64 arg1 activity 14:21 Antimicrobial activity 0:21 Antimicrobial activity of chemically modified dextran derivatives 0:64 Antimicrobial activity of chemically modified dextran derivatives. 28189227 3 51 theme Pseudomonas 780:790 arg1 27853 808:812 Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 780:812 Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 780:812 Polymers had antimicrobial activity for all strains studied, except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. 28189227 1 52 theme several 348:354 arg1 bacteria 356:363 several bacteria 348:363 several bacteria 348:363 Cationic amphiphilic dextran derivatives with a long alkyl group attached to the reductive end of the polysaccharide chain and quaternary ammonium groups attached as pendent groups to the main dextran backbone were synthesized and tested for their antimicrobial properties against several bacteria and fungi strains. 28189227 2 53 dep composition 446:456 arg1 mass 473:476 dextran molar mass 459:476 dextran molar mass 459:476 Dependence of antimicrobial activity on both polymer chemical composition (dextran molar mass, length of end alkyl group and chemical structure of ammonium groups) and type of microbes was highlighted by disc-diffusion method (diameter of inhibition zone) and broth microdilution method (minimum inhibitory concentrations). 28189227 2 53 dep composition 446:456 arg1 structure 518:526 chemical structure 509:526 chemical structure 509:526 Dependence of antimicrobial activity on both polymer chemical composition (dextran molar mass, length of end alkyl group and chemical structure of ammonium groups) and type of microbes was highlighted by disc-diffusion method (diameter of inhibition zone) and broth microdilution method (minimum inhibitory concentrations). 28189227 2 53 dep composition 446:456 arg1 length 479:484 length 479:484 length of end alkyl group 479:503 Dependence of antimicrobial activity on both polymer chemical composition (dextran molar mass, length of end alkyl group and chemical structure of ammonium groups) and type of microbes was highlighted by disc-diffusion method (diameter of inhibition zone) and broth microdilution method (minimum inhibitory concentrations). 28189227 2 54 from Dependence 384:393 arg1 composition 446:456 polymer chemical composition 429:456 polymer chemical composition (dextran molar mass, length of end alkyl group and chemical structure of ammonium groups) 429:546 Dependence of antimicrobial activity on both polymer chemical composition (dextran molar mass, length of end alkyl group and chemical structure of ammonium groups) and type of microbes was highlighted by disc-diffusion method (diameter of inhibition zone) and broth microdilution method (minimum inhibitory concentrations). 28189227 2 54 from Dependence 384:393 arg1 type 552:555 type 552:555 type of microbes 552:567 Dependence of antimicrobial activity on both polymer chemical composition (dextran molar mass, length of end alkyl group and chemical structure of ammonium groups) and type of microbes was highlighted by disc-diffusion method (diameter of inhibition zone) and broth microdilution method (minimum inhibitory concentrations). 28189227 4 55 theme Minimun 864:870 arg1 60μg/mL 897:903 Minimun Inhibitory Concentration 60μg/mL 864:903 Minimun Inhibitory Concentration 60μg/mL 864:903 The best activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Minimun Inhibitory Concentration 60μg/mL) was provided by polymers obtained from dextran with lower molecular mass (Mn=4500), C12H25 or C18H37 end groups, and N,N-dimethyl-N-benzylammonium pendent groups. 28189227 4 55 theme Minimun 864:870 arg1 aureus 856:861 Staphylococcus aureus 841:861 Staphylococcus aureus (Minimun Inhibitory Concentration 60μg/mL) 841:904 The best activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Minimun Inhibitory Concentration 60μg/mL) was provided by polymers obtained from dextran with lower molecular mass (Mn=4500), C12H25 or C18H37 end groups, and N,N-dimethyl-N-benzylammonium pendent groups. 28189227 1 56 theme pendent 233:239 arg1 groups 241:246 pendent groups 233:246 pendent groups 233:246 Cationic amphiphilic dextran derivatives with a long alkyl group attached to the reductive end of the polysaccharide chain and quaternary ammonium groups attached as pendent groups to the main dextran backbone were synthesized and tested for their antimicrobial properties against several bacteria and fungi strains. 28189227 2 57 dep highlighted 573:583 arg1 concentrations 691:704 minimum inhibitory concentrations 672:704 minimum inhibitory concentrations 672:704 Dependence of antimicrobial activity on both polymer chemical composition (dextran molar mass, length of end alkyl group and chemical structure of ammonium groups) and type of microbes was highlighted by disc-diffusion method (diameter of inhibition zone) and broth microdilution method (minimum inhibitory concentrations). 28189227 1 58 attach attached 221:228 arg2 groups 214:219 quaternary ammonium groups 194:219 quaternary ammonium groups attached as pendent groups to the main dextran backbone 194:275 Cationic amphiphilic dextran derivatives with a long alkyl group attached to the reductive end of the polysaccharide chain and quaternary ammonium groups attached as pendent groups to the main dextran backbone were synthesized and tested for their antimicrobial properties against several bacteria and fungi strains. 28189227 1 58 attach attached 221:228 arg1 backbone 268:275 the main dextran backbone 251:275 the main dextran backbone 251:275 Cationic amphiphilic dextran derivatives with a long alkyl group attached to the reductive end of the polysaccharide chain and quaternary ammonium groups attached as pendent groups to the main dextran backbone were synthesized and tested for their antimicrobial properties against several bacteria and fungi strains. 28189227 1 59 theme reductive 148:156 arg1 end 158:160 the reductive end 144:160 the reductive end of the polysaccharide chain 144:188 Cationic amphiphilic dextran derivatives with a long alkyl group attached to the reductive end of the polysaccharide chain and quaternary ammonium groups attached as pendent groups to the main dextran backbone were synthesized and tested for their antimicrobial properties against several bacteria and fungi strains. 28189227 2 60 theme chemical 509:516 arg1 mass 473:476 dextran molar mass 459:476 dextran molar mass 459:476 Dependence of antimicrobial activity on both polymer chemical composition (dextran molar mass, length of end alkyl group and chemical structure of ammonium groups) and type of microbes was highlighted by disc-diffusion method (diameter of inhibition zone) and broth microdilution method (minimum inhibitory concentrations). 28189227 2 60 theme chemical 509:516 arg1 structure 518:526 chemical structure 509:526 chemical structure 509:526 Dependence of antimicrobial activity on both polymer chemical composition (dextran molar mass, length of end alkyl group and chemical structure of ammonium groups) and type of microbes was highlighted by disc-diffusion method (diameter of inhibition zone) and broth microdilution method (minimum inhibitory concentrations). 28189227 1 61 attach attached 132:139 arg2 group 126:130 a long alkyl group 113:130 a long alkyl group attached to the reductive end of the polysaccharide chain 113:188 Cationic amphiphilic dextran derivatives with a long alkyl group attached to the reductive end of the polysaccharide chain and quaternary ammonium groups attached as pendent groups to the main dextran backbone were synthesized and tested for their antimicrobial properties against several bacteria and fungi strains. 28189227 1 61 attach attached 132:139 arg1 end 158:160 the reductive end 144:160 the reductive end of the polysaccharide chain 144:188 Cationic amphiphilic dextran derivatives with a long alkyl group attached to the reductive end of the polysaccharide chain and quaternary ammonium groups attached as pendent groups to the main dextran backbone were synthesized and tested for their antimicrobial properties against several bacteria and fungi strains. 28189227 4 62 theme pendent 1053:1059 arg1 groups 1061:1066 pendent groups 1053:1066 pendent groups 1053:1066 The best activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Minimun Inhibitory Concentration 60μg/mL) was provided by polymers obtained from dextran with lower molecular mass (Mn=4500), C12H25 or C18H37 end groups, and N,N-dimethyl-N-benzylammonium pendent groups. 24368228 0 0 theme Prussian 79:86 arg1 blue-chitosan 88:100 Prussian blue-chitosan and gold nanoparticles-chitosan nanocomposite films 79:152 blue-chitosan 88:100 An amperometric β-glucan biosensor based on the immobilization of bi-enzyme on Prussian blue-chitosan and gold nanoparticles-chitosan nanocomposite films. 24368228 5 1 theme applied 799:805 arg1 window 817:822 a low applied potential window 793:822 a low applied potential window 793:822 It was found that PB-CS nanocomposite exhibited an excellent electrocatalytic reduction towards hydrogen peroxide at a low applied potential window. 24368228 10 2 theme good 1384:1387 arg1 selectivity 1389:1399 a good selectivity 1382:1399 a good selectivity 1382:1399 The biosensor displayed a rapid response (within 10s) toward β-glucan, with a good selectivity and stability. 24368228 3 3 theme scanning 523:530 arg1 SEM 553:555 SEM 553:555 SEM 553:555 The morphology of the AuNPs-CS/PB-CS nanocomposites was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). 24368228 3 3 theme scanning 523:530 arg1 microscope 541:550 scanning electron microscope 523:550 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 523:556 The morphology of the AuNPs-CS/PB-CS nanocomposites was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). 24368228 4 4 theme sensor 605:610 arg1 behavior 579:586 The electrochemical behavior 559:586 The electrochemical behavior of the resulting sensor 559:610 The electrochemical behavior of the resulting sensor was investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometry. 24368228 5 5 theme potential 807:815 arg1 window 817:822 a low applied potential window 793:822 a low applied potential window 793:822 It was found that PB-CS nanocomposite exhibited an excellent electrocatalytic reduction towards hydrogen peroxide at a low applied potential window. 24368228 6 6 theme nanocomposites 866:879 arg1 effect 841:846 The synergistic effect 825:846 The synergistic effect of AuNPs-CS/PB-CS nanocomposites 825:879 The synergistic effect of AuNPs-CS/PB-CS nanocomposites could remarkably improve the performances of the biosensor. 24368228 3 7 theme electron 532:539 arg1 SEM 553:555 SEM 553:555 SEM 553:555 The morphology of the AuNPs-CS/PB-CS nanocomposites was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). 24368228 3 7 theme electron 532:539 arg1 microscope 541:550 scanning electron microscope 523:550 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 523:556 The morphology of the AuNPs-CS/PB-CS nanocomposites was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). 24368228 4 8 theme resulting 595:603 arg1 sensor 605:610 the resulting sensor 591:610 the resulting sensor 591:610 The electrochemical behavior of the resulting sensor was investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometry. 24368228 9 9 theme high 1254:1257 arg1 affinity 1259:1266 a high affinity 1252:1266 a high affinity of the immobilizing β-G for β-glucan 1252:1303 The apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) was found to be 1.0mM, showed a high affinity of the immobilizing β-G for β-glucan. 24368228 8 10 theme applied 1090:1096 arg1 potential 1098:1106 an applied potential 1087:1106 an applied potential of 0.0 V 1087:1115 The sensitivity at an applied potential of 0.0 V was 100 nA μM(-1) cm(-2), with a detection limit of 1.56 μM. 24368228 6 11 theme AuNPs-CS/PB-CS 851:864 arg1 nanocomposites 866:879 AuNPs-CS/PB-CS nanocomposites 851:879 AuNPs-CS/PB-CS nanocomposites 851:879 The synergistic effect of AuNPs-CS/PB-CS nanocomposites could remarkably improve the performances of the biosensor. 24368228 5 12 theme hydrogen 772:779 arg1 peroxide 781:788 hydrogen peroxide 772:788 hydrogen peroxide 772:788 It was found that PB-CS nanocomposite exhibited an excellent electrocatalytic reduction towards hydrogen peroxide at a low applied potential window. 24368228 0 13 from immobilization 48:61 arg1 films 148:152 Prussian blue-chitosan and gold nanoparticles-chitosan nanocomposite films 79:152 films 148:152 An amperometric β-glucan biosensor based on the immobilization of bi-enzyme on Prussian blue-chitosan and gold nanoparticles-chitosan nanocomposite films. 24368228 0 13 from immobilization 48:61 arg1 blue-chitosan 88:100 Prussian blue-chitosan and gold nanoparticles-chitosan nanocomposite films 79:152 blue-chitosan 88:100 An amperometric β-glucan biosensor based on the immobilization of bi-enzyme on Prussian blue-chitosan and gold nanoparticles-chitosan nanocomposite films. 24368228 0 14 theme nanoparticles-chitosan 111:132 arg1 films 148:152 Prussian blue-chitosan and gold nanoparticles-chitosan nanocomposite films 79:152 films 148:152 An amperometric β-glucan biosensor based on the immobilization of bi-enzyme on Prussian blue-chitosan and gold nanoparticles-chitosan nanocomposite films. 24368228 3 15 theme AuNPs-CS/PB-CS 472:485 arg1 nanocomposites 487:500 the AuNPs-CS/PB-CS nanocomposites 468:500 the AuNPs-CS/PB-CS nanocomposites 468:500 The morphology of the AuNPs-CS/PB-CS nanocomposites was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). 24368228 8 16 theme μM 1174:1175 arg1 limit 1160:1164 a detection limit 1148:1164 a detection limit of 1.56 μM 1148:1175 The sensitivity at an applied potential of 0.0 V was 100 nA μM(-1) cm(-2), with a detection limit of 1.56 μM. 24368228 5 17 theme excellent 727:735 arg1 reduction 754:762 an excellent electrocatalytic reduction 724:762 an excellent electrocatalytic reduction towards hydrogen peroxide 724:788 It was found that PB-CS nanocomposite exhibited an excellent electrocatalytic reduction towards hydrogen peroxide at a low applied potential window. 24368228 0 18 theme gold 106:109 arg1 films 148:152 Prussian blue-chitosan and gold nanoparticles-chitosan nanocomposite films 79:152 films 148:152 An amperometric β-glucan biosensor based on the immobilization of bi-enzyme on Prussian blue-chitosan and gold nanoparticles-chitosan nanocomposite films. 24368228 6 19 theme synergistic 829:839 arg1 effect 841:846 The synergistic effect 825:846 The synergistic effect of AuNPs-CS/PB-CS nanocomposites 825:879 The synergistic effect of AuNPs-CS/PB-CS nanocomposites could remarkably improve the performances of the biosensor. 24368228 0 20 theme amperometric 3:14 arg1 biosensor 25:33 An amperometric β-glucan biosensor 0:33 An amperometric β-glucan biosensor 0:33 An amperometric β-glucan biosensor based on the immobilization of bi-enzyme on Prussian blue-chitosan and gold nanoparticles-chitosan nanocomposite films. 24368228 9 21 theme immobilizing 1275:1286 arg1 β-G 1288:1290 the immobilizing β-G 1271:1290 the immobilizing β-G 1271:1290 The apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) was found to be 1.0mM, showed a high affinity of the immobilizing β-G for β-glucan. 24368228 8 22 theme V 1115:1115 arg1 potential 1098:1106 an applied potential 1087:1106 an applied potential of 0.0 V 1087:1115 The sensitivity at an applied potential of 0.0 V was 100 nA μM(-1) cm(-2), with a detection limit of 1.56 μM. 24368228 9 23 theme apparent 1182:1189 arg1 Km 1218:1219 Km 1218:1219 Km 1218:1219 The apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) was found to be 1.0mM, showed a high affinity of the immobilizing β-G for β-glucan. 24368228 9 23 theme apparent 1182:1189 arg1 constant 1208:1215 The apparent Michaelis-Menten constant 1178:1215 The apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) 1178:1220 The apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) was found to be 1.0mM, showed a high affinity of the immobilizing β-G for β-glucan. 24368228 9 24 theme β-G 1288:1290 arg1 affinity 1259:1266 a high affinity 1252:1266 a high affinity of the immobilizing β-G for β-glucan 1252:1303 The apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) was found to be 1.0mM, showed a high affinity of the immobilizing β-G for β-glucan. 24368228 9 25 theme Michaelis-Menten 1191:1206 arg1 Km 1218:1219 Km 1218:1219 Km 1218:1219 The apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) was found to be 1.0mM, showed a high affinity of the immobilizing β-G for β-glucan. 24368228 9 25 theme Michaelis-Menten 1191:1206 arg1 constant 1208:1215 The apparent Michaelis-Menten constant 1178:1215 The apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) 1178:1220 The apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) was found to be 1.0mM, showed a high affinity of the immobilizing β-G for β-glucan. 24368228 2 26 theme electrode 439:447 arg1 surface 423:429 the surface 419:429 the surface of gold electrode 419:447 Both the PB-CS and AuNPs_CS film were directly electrodeposited on the surface of gold electrode. 24368228 1 27 theme glucose 236:242 arg1 GOD 253:255 GOD 253:255 GOD 253:255 A novel β-glucan biosensor was fabricated by immobilizing β-glucanase (β-G) with glucose oxidase (GOD) on nano-Prussian blue-chitosan (PB-CS) and gold nanoparticles-chitosan (AuNPs-CS) composites. 24368228 1 27 theme glucose 236:242 arg1 oxidase 244:250 glucose oxidase 236:250 glucose oxidase (GOD) on nano-Prussian blue-chitosan (PB-CS) and gold nanoparticles-chitosan (AuNPs-CS) composites 236:349 A novel β-glucan biosensor was fabricated by immobilizing β-glucanase (β-G) with glucose oxidase (GOD) on nano-Prussian blue-chitosan (PB-CS) and gold nanoparticles-chitosan (AuNPs-CS) composites. 24368228 7 28 theme wide 990:993 arg1 range 1002:1006 a wide linear range 988:1006 a wide linear range of 6.25-93.75 μM 988:1023 Under optimal conditions, the biosensor showed a wide linear range of 6.25-93.75 μM, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9991. 24368228 7 29 theme μM 1022:1023 arg1 range 1002:1006 a wide linear range 988:1006 a wide linear range of 6.25-93.75 μM 988:1023 Under optimal conditions, the biosensor showed a wide linear range of 6.25-93.75 μM, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9991. 24368228 2 30 theme gold 434:437 arg1 electrode 439:447 gold electrode 434:447 gold electrode 434:447 Both the PB-CS and AuNPs_CS film were directly electrodeposited on the surface of gold electrode. 24368228 0 31 theme nanocomposite 134:146 arg1 films 148:152 Prussian blue-chitosan and gold nanoparticles-chitosan nanocomposite films 79:152 films 148:152 An amperometric β-glucan biosensor based on the immobilization of bi-enzyme on Prussian blue-chitosan and gold nanoparticles-chitosan nanocomposite films. 24368228 6 32 theme biosensor 930:938 arg1 performances 910:921 the performances 906:921 the performances of the biosensor 906:938 The synergistic effect of AuNPs-CS/PB-CS nanocomposites could remarkably improve the performances of the biosensor. 24368228 2 33 theme AuNPs_CS 371:378 arg1 film 380:383 AuNPs_CS film 371:383 AuNPs_CS film 371:383 Both the PB-CS and AuNPs_CS film were directly electrodeposited on the surface of gold electrode. 24368228 5 34 theme electrocatalytic 737:752 arg1 reduction 754:762 an excellent electrocatalytic reduction 724:762 an excellent electrocatalytic reduction towards hydrogen peroxide 724:788 It was found that PB-CS nanocomposite exhibited an excellent electrocatalytic reduction towards hydrogen peroxide at a low applied potential window. 24368228 8 35 theme nA 1125:1126 arg1 sensitivity 1072:1082 The sensitivity 1068:1082 The sensitivity at an applied potential of 0.0 V 1068:1115 The sensitivity at an applied potential of 0.0 V was 100 nA μM(-1) cm(-2), with a detection limit of 1.56 μM. 24368228 8 35 theme nA 1125:1126 arg1 cm 1135:1136 100 nA μM(-1) cm(-2) 1121:1140 100 nA μM(-1) cm(-2) 1121:1140 The sensitivity at an applied potential of 0.0 V was 100 nA μM(-1) cm(-2), with a detection limit of 1.56 μM. 24368228 8 36 theme detection 1150:1158 arg1 limit 1160:1164 a detection limit 1148:1164 a detection limit of 1.56 μM 1148:1175 The sensitivity at an applied potential of 0.0 V was 100 nA μM(-1) cm(-2), with a detection limit of 1.56 μM. 24368228 9 37 dep 1.0mM 1238:1242 arg1 showed 1245:1250 showed 1245:1250 showed a high affinity of the immobilizing β-G for β-glucan 1245:1303 The apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) was found to be 1.0mM, showed a high affinity of the immobilizing β-G for β-glucan. 24368228 4 38 theme electrochemical 563:577 arg1 behavior 579:586 The electrochemical behavior 559:586 The electrochemical behavior of the resulting sensor 559:610 The electrochemical behavior of the resulting sensor was investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometry. 24368228 5 39 theme PB-CS 694:698 arg1 nanocomposite 700:712 PB-CS nanocomposite 694:712 PB-CS nanocomposite 694:712 It was found that PB-CS nanocomposite exhibited an excellent electrocatalytic reduction towards hydrogen peroxide at a low applied potential window. 24368228 7 40 theme linear 995:1000 arg1 range 1002:1006 a wide linear range 988:1006 a wide linear range of 6.25-93.75 μM 988:1023 Under optimal conditions, the biosensor showed a wide linear range of 6.25-93.75 μM, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9991. 24368228 8 41 from potential 1098:1106 arg1 sensitivity 1072:1082 The sensitivity 1068:1082 The sensitivity at an applied potential of 0.0 V 1068:1115 The sensitivity at an applied potential of 0.0 V was 100 nA μM(-1) cm(-2), with a detection limit of 1.56 μM. 24368228 8 41 from potential 1098:1106 arg1 cm 1135:1136 100 nA μM(-1) cm(-2) 1121:1140 100 nA μM(-1) cm(-2) 1121:1140 The sensitivity at an applied potential of 0.0 V was 100 nA μM(-1) cm(-2), with a detection limit of 1.56 μM. 24368228 1 42 dep blue-chitosan 275:287 arg1 composites 340:349 composites 340:349 composites 340:349 A novel β-glucan biosensor was fabricated by immobilizing β-glucanase (β-G) with glucose oxidase (GOD) on nano-Prussian blue-chitosan (PB-CS) and gold nanoparticles-chitosan (AuNPs-CS) composites. 24368228 7 43 theme 0.9991 1060:1065 arg1 coefficient 1045:1055 a correlation coefficient 1031:1055 a correlation coefficient of 0.9991 1031:1065 Under optimal conditions, the biosensor showed a wide linear range of 6.25-93.75 μM, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9991. 24368228 3 44 theme nanocomposites 487:500 arg1 morphology 454:463 The morphology 450:463 The morphology of the AuNPs-CS/PB-CS nanocomposites 450:500 The morphology of the AuNPs-CS/PB-CS nanocomposites was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). 24368228 4 45 theme cyclic 635:640 arg1 CV 655:656 CV 655:656 CV 655:656 The electrochemical behavior of the resulting sensor was investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometry. 24368228 4 45 theme cyclic 635:640 arg1 voltammetry 642:652 cyclic voltammetry 635:652 cyclic voltammetry (CV) 635:657 The electrochemical behavior of the resulting sensor was investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometry. 24368228 1 46 from oxidase 244:250 arg1 nanoparticles-chitosan 306:327 nanoparticles-chitosan 306:327 nanoparticles-chitosan 306:327 A novel β-glucan biosensor was fabricated by immobilizing β-glucanase (β-G) with glucose oxidase (GOD) on nano-Prussian blue-chitosan (PB-CS) and gold nanoparticles-chitosan (AuNPs-CS) composites. 24368228 1 46 from oxidase 244:250 arg1 AuNPs-CS 330:337 AuNPs-CS 330:337 AuNPs-CS 330:337 A novel β-glucan biosensor was fabricated by immobilizing β-glucanase (β-G) with glucose oxidase (GOD) on nano-Prussian blue-chitosan (PB-CS) and gold nanoparticles-chitosan (AuNPs-CS) composites. 24368228 1 46 from oxidase 244:250 arg1 PB-CS 290:294 PB-CS 290:294 PB-CS 290:294 A novel β-glucan biosensor was fabricated by immobilizing β-glucanase (β-G) with glucose oxidase (GOD) on nano-Prussian blue-chitosan (PB-CS) and gold nanoparticles-chitosan (AuNPs-CS) composites. 24368228 1 46 from oxidase 244:250 arg1 blue-chitosan 275:287 blue-chitosan 275:287 blue-chitosan 275:287 A novel β-glucan biosensor was fabricated by immobilizing β-glucanase (β-G) with glucose oxidase (GOD) on nano-Prussian blue-chitosan (PB-CS) and gold nanoparticles-chitosan (AuNPs-CS) composites. 24368228 7 47 theme correlation 1033:1043 arg1 coefficient 1045:1055 a correlation coefficient 1031:1055 a correlation coefficient of 0.9991 1031:1065 Under optimal conditions, the biosensor showed a wide linear range of 6.25-93.75 μM, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9991. 24368228 0 48 theme bi-enzyme 66:74 arg1 immobilization 48:61 the immobilization 44:61 the immobilization of bi-enzyme on Prussian blue-chitosan and gold nanoparticles-chitosan nanocomposite films 44:152 An amperometric β-glucan biosensor based on the immobilization of bi-enzyme on Prussian blue-chitosan and gold nanoparticles-chitosan nanocomposite films. 24368228 8 49 with cm 1135:1136 arg1 limit 1160:1164 a detection limit 1148:1164 a detection limit of 1.56 μM 1148:1175 The sensitivity at an applied potential of 0.0 V was 100 nA μM(-1) cm(-2), with a detection limit of 1.56 μM. 24368228 1 50 theme novel 157:161 arg1 biosensor 172:180 A novel β-glucan biosensor 155:180 A novel β-glucan biosensor 155:180 A novel β-glucan biosensor was fabricated by immobilizing β-glucanase (β-G) with glucose oxidase (GOD) on nano-Prussian blue-chitosan (PB-CS) and gold nanoparticles-chitosan (AuNPs-CS) composites. 24368228 10 51 theme rapid 1332:1336 arg1 response 1338:1345 a rapid response 1330:1345 a rapid response 1330:1345 The biosensor displayed a rapid response (within 10s) toward β-glucan, with a good selectivity and stability. 24368228 5 52 theme low 795:797 arg1 window 817:822 a low applied potential window 793:822 a low applied potential window 793:822 It was found that PB-CS nanocomposite exhibited an excellent electrocatalytic reduction towards hydrogen peroxide at a low applied potential window. 24368228 0 53 theme β-glucan 16:23 arg1 biosensor 25:33 An amperometric β-glucan biosensor 0:33 An amperometric β-glucan biosensor 0:33 An amperometric β-glucan biosensor based on the immobilization of bi-enzyme on Prussian blue-chitosan and gold nanoparticles-chitosan nanocomposite films. 24368228 1 54 theme β-glucan 163:170 arg1 biosensor 172:180 A novel β-glucan biosensor 155:180 A novel β-glucan biosensor 155:180 A novel β-glucan biosensor was fabricated by immobilizing β-glucanase (β-G) with glucose oxidase (GOD) on nano-Prussian blue-chitosan (PB-CS) and gold nanoparticles-chitosan (AuNPs-CS) composites. 24368228 7 55 theme optimal 947:953 arg1 conditions 955:964 optimal conditions 947:964 optimal conditions 947:964 Under optimal conditions, the biosensor showed a wide linear range of 6.25-93.75 μM, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9991. 28455253 2 0 theme epoxy 416:420 arg1 resin 422:426 epoxy resin 416:426 epoxy resin 416:426 In this study hand lay-up method was used to fabricate CNF reinforced Epoxy nanocomposites with CNF loading of 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% into epoxy resin. 28455253 6 1 dep applications 1097:1108 arg1 advance 1080:1086 advance 1080:1086 advance 1080:1086 Hence, it is concluded that 0.75% CNFs loading is the minimal to enhance both thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of the epoxy composites and can be utilized for advance material applications where thermal stability along with renewability are prime requirements. 28455253 6 2 theme 0.75 940:943 arg1 % 944:944 % 944:944 % 944:944 Hence, it is concluded that 0.75% CNFs loading is the minimal to enhance both thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of the epoxy composites and can be utilized for advance material applications where thermal stability along with renewability are prime requirements. 28455253 3 3 theme glass 560:564 arg1 temperature 577:587 glass transition temperature 560:587 glass transition temperature (Tg) 560:592 The obtained thermal and DMA results illustrates that thermal stability, char content, storage modulus (E'), loss modulus (E") and glass transition temperature (Tg) increases for all CNF/epoxy nanocomposites compared to the pure epoxy. 28455253 3 3 theme glass 560:564 arg1 Tg 590:591 Tg 590:591 Tg 590:591 The obtained thermal and DMA results illustrates that thermal stability, char content, storage modulus (E'), loss modulus (E") and glass transition temperature (Tg) increases for all CNF/epoxy nanocomposites compared to the pure epoxy. 28455253 2 4 used used 317:320 arg2 method 306:311 hand lay-up method 294:311 hand lay-up method 294:311 In this study hand lay-up method was used to fabricate CNF reinforced Epoxy nanocomposites with CNF loading of 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% into epoxy resin. 28455253 3 5 theme obtained 433:440 arg1 results 458:464 The obtained thermal and DMA results 429:464 The obtained thermal and DMA results 429:464 The obtained thermal and DMA results illustrates that thermal stability, char content, storage modulus (E'), loss modulus (E") and glass transition temperature (Tg) increases for all CNF/epoxy nanocomposites compared to the pure epoxy. 28455253 1 6 theme epoxy 233:237 arg1 composites 239:248 epoxy composites 233:248 epoxy composites 233:248 The current study presents about the effect of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) filler on the thermal and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of epoxy composites as a function of temperature. 28455253 3 7 theme transition 566:575 arg1 temperature 577:587 glass transition temperature 560:587 glass transition temperature (Tg) 560:592 The obtained thermal and DMA results illustrates that thermal stability, char content, storage modulus (E'), loss modulus (E") and glass transition temperature (Tg) increases for all CNF/epoxy nanocomposites compared to the pure epoxy. 28455253 3 7 theme transition 566:575 arg1 Tg 590:591 Tg 590:591 Tg 590:591 The obtained thermal and DMA results illustrates that thermal stability, char content, storage modulus (E'), loss modulus (E") and glass transition temperature (Tg) increases for all CNF/epoxy nanocomposites compared to the pure epoxy. 28455253 6 8 theme thermal 1116:1122 arg1 stability 1124:1132 thermal stability 1116:1132 thermal stability along with renewability 1116:1156 Hence, it is concluded that 0.75% CNFs loading is the minimal to enhance both thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of the epoxy composites and can be utilized for advance material applications where thermal stability along with renewability are prime requirements. 28455253 6 8 theme thermal 1116:1122 arg1 renewability 1145:1156 renewability 1145:1156 thermal stability along with renewability 1116:1156 Hence, it is concluded that 0.75% CNFs loading is the minimal to enhance both thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of the epoxy composites and can be utilized for advance material applications where thermal stability along with renewability are prime requirements. 28455253 6 8 theme thermal 1116:1122 arg1 requirements 1168:1179 prime requirements 1162:1179 prime requirements 1162:1179 Hence, it is concluded that 0.75% CNFs loading is the minimal to enhance both thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of the epoxy composites and can be utilized for advance material applications where thermal stability along with renewability are prime requirements. 28455253 3 9 theme thermal 442:448 arg1 results 458:464 The obtained thermal and DMA results 429:464 The obtained thermal and DMA results 429:464 The obtained thermal and DMA results illustrates that thermal stability, char content, storage modulus (E'), loss modulus (E") and glass transition temperature (Tg) increases for all CNF/epoxy nanocomposites compared to the pure epoxy. 28455253 6 10 used utilized 1067:1074 arg2 minimal 966:972 minimal 966:972 minimal 966:972 Hence, it is concluded that 0.75% CNFs loading is the minimal to enhance both thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of the epoxy composites and can be utilized for advance material applications where thermal stability along with renewability are prime requirements. 28455253 6 10 used utilized 1067:1074 arg2 loading 951:957 0.75% CNFs loading 940:957 0.75% CNFs loading 940:957 Hence, it is concluded that 0.75% CNFs loading is the minimal to enhance both thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of the epoxy composites and can be utilized for advance material applications where thermal stability along with renewability are prime requirements. 28455253 1 11 theme composites 239:248 arg1 DMA 225:227 DMA 225:227 DMA 225:227 The current study presents about the effect of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) filler on the thermal and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of epoxy composites as a function of temperature. 28455253 1 11 theme composites 239:248 arg1 analysis 215:222 the thermal and dynamic mechanical analysis 180:222 the thermal and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of epoxy composites 180:248 The current study presents about the effect of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) filler on the thermal and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of epoxy composites as a function of temperature. 28455253 6 12 theme thermal 990:996 arg1 properties 1021:1030 both thermal and dynamic mechanical properties 985:1030 both thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of the epoxy composites 985:1054 Hence, it is concluded that 0.75% CNFs loading is the minimal to enhance both thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of the epoxy composites and can be utilized for advance material applications where thermal stability along with renewability are prime requirements. 28455253 6 13 theme mechanical 1010:1019 arg1 properties 1021:1030 both thermal and dynamic mechanical properties 985:1030 both thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of the epoxy composites 985:1054 Hence, it is concluded that 0.75% CNFs loading is the minimal to enhance both thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of the epoxy composites and can be utilized for advance material applications where thermal stability along with renewability are prime requirements. 28455253 3 14 theme char 502:505 arg1 content 507:513 char content 502:513 char content 502:513 The obtained thermal and DMA results illustrates that thermal stability, char content, storage modulus (E'), loss modulus (E") and glass transition temperature (Tg) increases for all CNF/epoxy nanocomposites compared to the pure epoxy. 28455253 6 15 dep along 1134:1138 arg1 with 1140:1143 with 1140:1143 with 1140:1143 Hence, it is concluded that 0.75% CNFs loading is the minimal to enhance both thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of the epoxy composites and can be utilized for advance material applications where thermal stability along with renewability are prime requirements. 28455253 3 16 theme DMA 454:456 arg1 results 458:464 The obtained thermal and DMA results 429:464 The obtained thermal and DMA results 429:464 The obtained thermal and DMA results illustrates that thermal stability, char content, storage modulus (E'), loss modulus (E") and glass transition temperature (Tg) increases for all CNF/epoxy nanocomposites compared to the pure epoxy. 28455253 5 17 dep loading 903:909 arg1 % 894:894 % 894:894 % 894:894 In addition, 0.75% CNF/epoxy nanocomposites confers highest value of storage modulus as compared to 0.5% and 1% filler loading. 28455253 4 18 theme superior 708:715 arg1 resistance 717:726 superior resistance 708:726 superior resistance 708:726 Thermal results revealed that 0.75% offers superior resistance or stability towards heat compared to its counterparts. 28455253 1 19 from effect 132:137 arg1 DMA 225:227 DMA 225:227 DMA 225:227 The current study presents about the effect of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) filler on the thermal and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of epoxy composites as a function of temperature. 28455253 1 19 from effect 132:137 arg1 analysis 215:222 the thermal and dynamic mechanical analysis 180:222 the thermal and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of epoxy composites 180:248 The current study presents about the effect of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) filler on the thermal and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of epoxy composites as a function of temperature. 28455253 5 20 theme modulus 861:867 arg1 value 844:848 highest value 836:848 highest value of storage modulus 836:867 In addition, 0.75% CNF/epoxy nanocomposites confers highest value of storage modulus as compared to 0.5% and 1% filler loading. 28455253 1 21 theme filler 170:175 arg1 effect 132:137 the effect 128:137 the effect of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) filler on the thermal and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of epoxy composites 128:248 The current study presents about the effect of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) filler on the thermal and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of epoxy composites as a function of temperature. 28455253 2 22 theme % 401:401 arg1 loading 380:386 CNF loading 376:386 CNF loading of 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% into epoxy resin 376:426 In this study hand lay-up method was used to fabricate CNF reinforced Epoxy nanocomposites with CNF loading of 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% into epoxy resin. 28455253 3 23 theme CNF/epoxy 612:620 arg1 nanocomposites 622:635 all CNF/epoxy nanocomposites 608:635 all CNF/epoxy nanocomposites 608:635 The obtained thermal and DMA results illustrates that thermal stability, char content, storage modulus (E'), loss modulus (E") and glass transition temperature (Tg) increases for all CNF/epoxy nanocomposites compared to the pure epoxy. 28455253 5 24 theme CNF/epoxy 803:811 arg1 nanocomposites 813:826 0.75% CNF/epoxy nanocomposites 797:826 0.75% CNF/epoxy nanocomposites 797:826 In addition, 0.75% CNF/epoxy nanocomposites confers highest value of storage modulus as compared to 0.5% and 1% filler loading. 28455253 2 25 theme Epoxy 350:354 arg1 nanocomposites 356:369 CNF reinforced Epoxy nanocomposites 335:369 CNF reinforced Epoxy nanocomposites 335:369 In this study hand lay-up method was used to fabricate CNF reinforced Epoxy nanocomposites with CNF loading of 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% into epoxy resin. 28455253 0 26 theme Thermal 0:6 arg1 properties 31:40 Thermal and dynamic mechanical properties 0:40 Thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of cellulose nanofibers 0:64 Thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of cellulose nanofibers reinforced epoxy composites. 28455253 1 27 theme current 99:105 arg1 study 107:111 The current study 95:111 The current study 95:111 The current study presents about the effect of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) filler on the thermal and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of epoxy composites as a function of temperature. 28455253 2 28 theme reinforced 339:348 arg1 nanocomposites 356:369 CNF reinforced Epoxy nanocomposites 335:369 CNF reinforced Epoxy nanocomposites 335:369 In this study hand lay-up method was used to fabricate CNF reinforced Epoxy nanocomposites with CNF loading of 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% into epoxy resin. 28455253 0 29 theme mechanical 20:29 arg1 properties 31:40 Thermal and dynamic mechanical properties 0:40 Thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of cellulose nanofibers 0:64 Thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of cellulose nanofibers reinforced epoxy composites. 28455253 5 30 theme % 801:801 arg1 nanocomposites 813:826 0.75% CNF/epoxy nanocomposites 797:826 0.75% CNF/epoxy nanocomposites 797:826 In addition, 0.75% CNF/epoxy nanocomposites confers highest value of storage modulus as compared to 0.5% and 1% filler loading. 28455253 3 31 theme thermal 483:489 arg1 stability 491:499 thermal stability 483:499 thermal stability 483:499 The obtained thermal and DMA results illustrates that thermal stability, char content, storage modulus (E'), loss modulus (E") and glass transition temperature (Tg) increases for all CNF/epoxy nanocomposites compared to the pure epoxy. 28455253 1 32 theme thermal 184:190 arg1 DMA 225:227 DMA 225:227 DMA 225:227 The current study presents about the effect of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) filler on the thermal and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of epoxy composites as a function of temperature. 28455253 1 32 theme thermal 184:190 arg1 analysis 215:222 the thermal and dynamic mechanical analysis 180:222 the thermal and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of epoxy composites 180:248 The current study presents about the effect of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) filler on the thermal and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of epoxy composites as a function of temperature. 28455253 0 33 theme dynamic 12:18 arg1 properties 31:40 Thermal and dynamic mechanical properties 0:40 Thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of cellulose nanofibers 0:64 Thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of cellulose nanofibers reinforced epoxy composites. 28455253 5 34 theme storage 853:859 arg1 modulus 861:867 storage modulus 853:867 storage modulus 853:867 In addition, 0.75% CNF/epoxy nanocomposites confers highest value of storage modulus as compared to 0.5% and 1% filler loading. 28455253 5 35 theme highest 836:842 arg1 value 844:848 highest value 836:848 highest value of storage modulus 836:867 In addition, 0.75% CNF/epoxy nanocomposites confers highest value of storage modulus as compared to 0.5% and 1% filler loading. 28455253 1 36 theme cellulose 142:150 arg1 nanofibers 152:161 cellulose nanofibers 142:161 cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) filler 142:175 The current study presents about the effect of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) filler on the thermal and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of epoxy composites as a function of temperature. 28455253 1 36 theme cellulose 142:150 arg1 CNFs 164:167 CNFs 164:167 CNFs 164:167 The current study presents about the effect of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) filler on the thermal and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of epoxy composites as a function of temperature. 28455253 2 37 theme % 409:409 arg1 loading 380:386 CNF loading 376:386 CNF loading of 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% into epoxy resin 376:426 In this study hand lay-up method was used to fabricate CNF reinforced Epoxy nanocomposites with CNF loading of 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% into epoxy resin. 28455253 1 38 theme temperature 267:277 arg1 function 255:262 a function 253:262 a function of temperature 253:277 The current study presents about the effect of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) filler on the thermal and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of epoxy composites as a function of temperature. 28455253 3 39 theme storage 516:522 arg1 E 533:533 E' 533:534 E' 533:534 The obtained thermal and DMA results illustrates that thermal stability, char content, storage modulus (E'), loss modulus (E") and glass transition temperature (Tg) increases for all CNF/epoxy nanocomposites compared to the pure epoxy. 28455253 3 39 theme storage 516:522 arg1 modulus 524:530 storage modulus 516:530 storage modulus (E') 516:535 The obtained thermal and DMA results illustrates that thermal stability, char content, storage modulus (E'), loss modulus (E") and glass transition temperature (Tg) increases for all CNF/epoxy nanocomposites compared to the pure epoxy. 28455253 1 40 theme dynamic 196:202 arg1 DMA 225:227 DMA 225:227 DMA 225:227 The current study presents about the effect of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) filler on the thermal and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of epoxy composites as a function of temperature. 28455253 1 40 theme dynamic 196:202 arg1 analysis 215:222 the thermal and dynamic mechanical analysis 180:222 the thermal and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of epoxy composites 180:248 The current study presents about the effect of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) filler on the thermal and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of epoxy composites as a function of temperature. 28455253 3 41 theme pure 653:656 arg1 epoxy 658:662 the pure epoxy 649:662 the pure epoxy 649:662 The obtained thermal and DMA results illustrates that thermal stability, char content, storage modulus (E'), loss modulus (E") and glass transition temperature (Tg) increases for all CNF/epoxy nanocomposites compared to the pure epoxy. 28455253 2 42 theme CNF 376:378 arg1 loading 380:386 CNF loading 376:386 CNF loading of 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% into epoxy resin 376:426 In this study hand lay-up method was used to fabricate CNF reinforced Epoxy nanocomposites with CNF loading of 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% into epoxy resin. 28455253 0 43 theme nanofibers 55:64 arg1 properties 31:40 Thermal and dynamic mechanical properties 0:40 Thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of cellulose nanofibers 0:64 Thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of cellulose nanofibers reinforced epoxy composites. 28455253 6 44 theme prime 1162:1166 arg1 stability 1124:1132 thermal stability 1116:1132 thermal stability along with renewability 1116:1156 Hence, it is concluded that 0.75% CNFs loading is the minimal to enhance both thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of the epoxy composites and can be utilized for advance material applications where thermal stability along with renewability are prime requirements. 28455253 6 44 theme prime 1162:1166 arg1 renewability 1145:1156 renewability 1145:1156 thermal stability along with renewability 1116:1156 Hence, it is concluded that 0.75% CNFs loading is the minimal to enhance both thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of the epoxy composites and can be utilized for advance material applications where thermal stability along with renewability are prime requirements. 28455253 6 44 theme prime 1162:1166 arg1 requirements 1168:1179 prime requirements 1162:1179 prime requirements 1162:1179 Hence, it is concluded that 0.75% CNFs loading is the minimal to enhance both thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of the epoxy composites and can be utilized for advance material applications where thermal stability along with renewability are prime requirements. 28455253 3 45 theme loss 538:541 arg1 modulus 543:549 loss modulus 538:549 loss modulus (E") 538:554 The obtained thermal and DMA results illustrates that thermal stability, char content, storage modulus (E'), loss modulus (E") and glass transition temperature (Tg) increases for all CNF/epoxy nanocomposites compared to the pure epoxy. 28455253 3 45 theme loss 538:541 arg1 " 553:553 E" 552:553 E" 552:553 The obtained thermal and DMA results illustrates that thermal stability, char content, storage modulus (E'), loss modulus (E") and glass transition temperature (Tg) increases for all CNF/epoxy nanocomposites compared to the pure epoxy. 28455253 6 46 theme CNFs 946:949 arg1 loading 951:957 0.75% CNFs loading 940:957 0.75% CNFs loading 940:957 Hence, it is concluded that 0.75% CNFs loading is the minimal to enhance both thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of the epoxy composites and can be utilized for advance material applications where thermal stability along with renewability are prime requirements. 28455253 6 46 theme CNFs 946:949 arg1 minimal 966:972 minimal 966:972 minimal 966:972 Hence, it is concluded that 0.75% CNFs loading is the minimal to enhance both thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of the epoxy composites and can be utilized for advance material applications where thermal stability along with renewability are prime requirements. 28455253 0 47 theme cellulose 45:53 arg1 nanofibers 55:64 cellulose nanofibers 45:64 cellulose nanofibers 45:64 Thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of cellulose nanofibers reinforced epoxy composites. 28455253 5 48 theme filler 896:901 arg1 loading 903:909 0.5% and 1% filler loading 884:909 0.5% and 1% filler loading 884:909 In addition, 0.75% CNF/epoxy nanocomposites confers highest value of storage modulus as compared to 0.5% and 1% filler loading. 28455253 6 49 theme material 1088:1095 arg1 applications 1097:1108 advance material applications 1080:1108 advance material applications where thermal stability along with renewability are prime requirements 1080:1179 Hence, it is concluded that 0.75% CNFs loading is the minimal to enhance both thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of the epoxy composites and can be utilized for advance material applications where thermal stability along with renewability are prime requirements. 28455253 6 50 theme composites 1045:1054 arg1 properties 1021:1030 both thermal and dynamic mechanical properties 985:1030 both thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of the epoxy composites 985:1054 Hence, it is concluded that 0.75% CNFs loading is the minimal to enhance both thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of the epoxy composites and can be utilized for advance material applications where thermal stability along with renewability are prime requirements. 28455253 4 51 theme Thermal 665:671 arg1 results 673:679 Thermal results 665:679 Thermal results 665:679 Thermal results revealed that 0.75% offers superior resistance or stability towards heat compared to its counterparts. 28455253 2 52 theme lay-up 299:304 arg1 method 306:311 hand lay-up method 294:311 hand lay-up method 294:311 In this study hand lay-up method was used to fabricate CNF reinforced Epoxy nanocomposites with CNF loading of 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% into epoxy resin. 28455253 3 53 theme E 552:552 arg1 modulus 543:549 loss modulus 538:549 loss modulus (E") 538:554 The obtained thermal and DMA results illustrates that thermal stability, char content, storage modulus (E'), loss modulus (E") and glass transition temperature (Tg) increases for all CNF/epoxy nanocomposites compared to the pure epoxy. 28455253 3 53 theme E 552:552 arg1 " 553:553 E" 552:553 E" 552:553 The obtained thermal and DMA results illustrates that thermal stability, char content, storage modulus (E'), loss modulus (E") and glass transition temperature (Tg) increases for all CNF/epoxy nanocomposites compared to the pure epoxy. 28455253 6 54 theme epoxy 1039:1043 arg1 composites 1045:1054 the epoxy composites 1035:1054 the epoxy composites 1035:1054 Hence, it is concluded that 0.75% CNFs loading is the minimal to enhance both thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of the epoxy composites and can be utilized for advance material applications where thermal stability along with renewability are prime requirements. 28455253 6 55 theme dynamic 1002:1008 arg1 properties 1021:1030 both thermal and dynamic mechanical properties 985:1030 both thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of the epoxy composites 985:1054 Hence, it is concluded that 0.75% CNFs loading is the minimal to enhance both thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of the epoxy composites and can be utilized for advance material applications where thermal stability along with renewability are prime requirements. 28455253 2 56 theme hand 294:297 arg1 method 306:311 hand lay-up method 294:311 hand lay-up method 294:311 In this study hand lay-up method was used to fabricate CNF reinforced Epoxy nanocomposites with CNF loading of 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% into epoxy resin. 28455253 5 57 theme 0.75 797:800 arg1 % 801:801 % 801:801 % 801:801 In addition, 0.75% CNF/epoxy nanocomposites confers highest value of storage modulus as compared to 0.5% and 1% filler loading. 28455253 0 58 theme epoxy 77:81 arg1 composites 83:92 epoxy composites 77:92 epoxy composites 77:92 Thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of cellulose nanofibers reinforced epoxy composites. 28455253 6 59 theme % 944:944 arg1 loading 951:957 0.75% CNFs loading 940:957 0.75% CNFs loading 940:957 Hence, it is concluded that 0.75% CNFs loading is the minimal to enhance both thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of the epoxy composites and can be utilized for advance material applications where thermal stability along with renewability are prime requirements. 28455253 6 59 theme % 944:944 arg1 minimal 966:972 minimal 966:972 minimal 966:972 Hence, it is concluded that 0.75% CNFs loading is the minimal to enhance both thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of the epoxy composites and can be utilized for advance material applications where thermal stability along with renewability are prime requirements. 28455253 1 60 dep thermal 184:190 arg1 mechanical 204:213 mechanical 204:213 mechanical 204:213 The current study presents about the effect of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) filler on the thermal and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of epoxy composites as a function of temperature. 28455253 2 61 theme CNF 335:337 arg1 nanocomposites 356:369 CNF reinforced Epoxy nanocomposites 335:369 CNF reinforced Epoxy nanocomposites 335:369 In this study hand lay-up method was used to fabricate CNF reinforced Epoxy nanocomposites with CNF loading of 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% into epoxy resin. 28455253 5 62 dep % 894:894 arg1 1 893:893 1 893:893 1 893:893 In addition, 0.75% CNF/epoxy nanocomposites confers highest value of storage modulus as compared to 0.5% and 1% filler loading. 28455253 5 62 dep % 894:894 arg1 % 887:887 % 887:887 % 887:887 In addition, 0.75% CNF/epoxy nanocomposites confers highest value of storage modulus as compared to 0.5% and 1% filler loading. 28455253 2 63 theme % 394:394 arg1 loading 380:386 CNF loading 376:386 CNF loading of 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% into epoxy resin 376:426 In this study hand lay-up method was used to fabricate CNF reinforced Epoxy nanocomposites with CNF loading of 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% into epoxy resin. 28455253 1 64 theme nanofibers 152:161 arg1 filler 170:175 cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) filler 142:175 cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) filler 142:175 The current study presents about the effect of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) filler on the thermal and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of epoxy composites as a function of temperature. 26917382 0 0 theme xanthan 68:74 arg1 hydrogels 55:63 hydrogels 55:63 hydrogels of xanthan, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid, montmorillonite 55:138 Experimental study of the removal of copper ions using hydrogels of xanthan, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid, montmorillonite: Kinetic and equilibrium study. 26917382 6 1 theme order 1187:1191 arg1 model 1193:1197 pseudo second order model 1173:1197 pseudo second order model 1173:1197 Adsorption kinetics data fitted well with pseudo second order model. 26917382 2 2 theme scanning 630:637 arg1 microscope 648:657 scanning electron microscope 630:657 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 630:663 The structure and morphologies of the xanthan-based hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). 26917382 2 2 theme scanning 630:637 arg1 SEM 660:662 SEM 660:662 SEM 660:662 The structure and morphologies of the xanthan-based hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). 26917382 1 3 from solution 223:230 arg1 removal 187:193 removal 187:193 removal of copper ions from aqueous solution using novel xanthan gum (XG) hydrogel, xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (XG-g-P(AMPS)) hydrogel and xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid/montmorillonite (XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT) hydrogel composite 187:479 In this paper, removal of copper ions from aqueous solution using novel xanthan gum (XG) hydrogel, xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (XG-g-P(AMPS)) hydrogel and xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid/montmorillonite (XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT) hydrogel composite were studied. 26917382 1 4 theme novel 238:242 arg1 XG 257:258 XG 257:258 XG 257:258 In this paper, removal of copper ions from aqueous solution using novel xanthan gum (XG) hydrogel, xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (XG-g-P(AMPS)) hydrogel and xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid/montmorillonite (XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT) hydrogel composite were studied. 26917382 1 4 theme novel 238:242 arg1 gum 252:254 novel xanthan gum 238:254 novel xanthan gum (XG) hydrogel 238:268 In this paper, removal of copper ions from aqueous solution using novel xanthan gum (XG) hydrogel, xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (XG-g-P(AMPS)) hydrogel and xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid/montmorillonite (XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT) hydrogel composite were studied. 26917382 4 5 dep contact 891:897 arg1 h 906:906 time=5 h 899:906 the pH=5.2, initial concentrations of Cu(2+)=321.8 mg/L, Temperature=45 °C, contact time=5 h with 0.2 g/50 mL of the hydrogels 815:940 Maximum adsorption was observed in the pH=5.2, initial concentrations of Cu(2+)=321.8 mg/L, Temperature=45 °C, contact time=5 h with 0.2 g/50 mL of the hydrogels. 26917382 2 6 dep structure 499:507 arg1 The 495:497 The 495:497 The 495:497 The structure and morphologies of the xanthan-based hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). 26917382 1 7 theme xanthan 244:250 arg1 XG 257:258 XG 257:258 XG 257:258 In this paper, removal of copper ions from aqueous solution using novel xanthan gum (XG) hydrogel, xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (XG-g-P(AMPS)) hydrogel and xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid/montmorillonite (XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT) hydrogel composite were studied. 26917382 1 7 theme xanthan 244:250 arg1 gum 252:254 novel xanthan gum 238:254 novel xanthan gum (XG) hydrogel 238:268 In this paper, removal of copper ions from aqueous solution using novel xanthan gum (XG) hydrogel, xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (XG-g-P(AMPS)) hydrogel and xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid/montmorillonite (XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT) hydrogel composite were studied. 26917382 0 8 theme 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane 77:107 arg1 xanthan 68:74 xanthan 68:74 xanthan 68:74 Experimental study of the removal of copper ions using hydrogels of xanthan, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid, montmorillonite: Kinetic and equilibrium study. 26917382 0 8 theme 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane 77:107 arg1 acid 118:121 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid 77:121 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid 77:121 Experimental study of the removal of copper ions using hydrogels of xanthan, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid, montmorillonite: Kinetic and equilibrium study. 26917382 3 9 theme side 721:724 arg1 chains 726:731 side chains 721:731 side chains that carried carboxyl, hydroxyl and sulfonate 721:777 Adsorbents comprised a porous crosslink structure with side chains that carried carboxyl, hydroxyl and sulfonate. 26917382 6 10 theme pseudo 1173:1178 arg1 model 1193:1197 pseudo second order model 1173:1197 pseudo second order model 1173:1197 Adsorption kinetics data fitted well with pseudo second order model. 26917382 8 11 theme ΔH° 1315:1317 arg1 values 1319:1324 The positive ΔH° values 1302:1324 The positive ΔH° values 1302:1324 The positive ΔH° values suggested that the adsorption was endothermic in nature. 26917382 1 12 theme gum 252:254 arg1 hydrogel 261:268 novel xanthan gum (XG) hydrogel 238:268 novel xanthan gum (XG) hydrogel 238:268 In this paper, removal of copper ions from aqueous solution using novel xanthan gum (XG) hydrogel, xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (XG-g-P(AMPS)) hydrogel and xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid/montmorillonite (XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT) hydrogel composite were studied. 26917382 2 13 theme xanthan-based 533:545 arg1 hydrogels 547:555 the xanthan-based hydrogels 529:555 the xanthan-based hydrogels 529:555 The structure and morphologies of the xanthan-based hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). 26917382 2 14 dep Fourier 579:585 arg1 transform 587:595 transform 587:595 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) 587:663 The structure and morphologies of the xanthan-based hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). 26917382 1 15 theme hydrogel 462:469 arg1 composite 471:479 hydrogel composite 462:479 hydrogel composite 462:479 In this paper, removal of copper ions from aqueous solution using novel xanthan gum (XG) hydrogel, xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (XG-g-P(AMPS)) hydrogel and xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid/montmorillonite (XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT) hydrogel composite were studied. 26917382 4 16 theme Temperature=45 872:885 arg1 °C 887:888 Temperature=45 °C 872:888 Temperature=45 °C 872:888 Maximum adsorption was observed in the pH=5.2, initial concentrations of Cu(2+)=321.8 mg/L, Temperature=45 °C, contact time=5 h with 0.2 g/50 mL of the hydrogels. 26917382 4 16 theme Temperature=45 872:885 arg1 pH=5.2 819:824 pH=5.2 819:824 pH=5.2 819:824 Maximum adsorption was observed in the pH=5.2, initial concentrations of Cu(2+)=321.8 mg/L, Temperature=45 °C, contact time=5 h with 0.2 g/50 mL of the hydrogels. 26917382 0 17 theme sulfonic 109:116 arg1 xanthan 68:74 xanthan 68:74 xanthan 68:74 Experimental study of the removal of copper ions using hydrogels of xanthan, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid, montmorillonite: Kinetic and equilibrium study. 26917382 0 17 theme sulfonic 109:116 arg1 acid 118:121 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid 77:121 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid 77:121 Experimental study of the removal of copper ions using hydrogels of xanthan, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid, montmorillonite: Kinetic and equilibrium study. 26917382 5 18 theme AMPS 1106:1109 arg1 /MMT 1111:1114 XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT 1099:1114 XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT 1099:1114 Adsorption process was found to follow Langmuir isotherm model with maximum adsorption capacity of 24.57, 39.06 and 29.49 mg/g for the XG, XG-g-P(AMPS) and XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT, respectively. 26917382 5 19 theme mg/g 1065:1068 arg1 capacity 1030:1037 maximum adsorption capacity 1011:1037 maximum adsorption capacity of 24.57, 39.06 and 29.49 mg/g 1011:1068 Adsorption process was found to follow Langmuir isotherm model with maximum adsorption capacity of 24.57, 39.06 and 29.49 mg/g for the XG, XG-g-P(AMPS) and XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT, respectively. 26917382 5 20 theme isotherm 991:998 arg1 model 1000:1004 Langmuir isotherm model 982:1004 Langmuir isotherm model with maximum adsorption capacity of 24.57, 39.06 and 29.49 mg/g for the XG 982:1079 Adsorption process was found to follow Langmuir isotherm model with maximum adsorption capacity of 24.57, 39.06 and 29.49 mg/g for the XG, XG-g-P(AMPS) and XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT, respectively. 26917382 4 21 theme hydrogels 932:940 arg1 mL 922:923 0.2 g/50 mL 913:923 0.2 g/50 mL of the hydrogels 913:940 Maximum adsorption was observed in the pH=5.2, initial concentrations of Cu(2+)=321.8 mg/L, Temperature=45 °C, contact time=5 h with 0.2 g/50 mL of the hydrogels. 26917382 3 22 with structure 706:714 arg1 chains 726:731 side chains 721:731 side chains that carried carboxyl, hydroxyl and sulfonate 721:777 Adsorbents comprised a porous crosslink structure with side chains that carried carboxyl, hydroxyl and sulfonate. 26917382 0 23 theme Experimental 0:11 arg1 study 13:17 Experimental study 0:17 Experimental study of the removal of copper ions using hydrogels of xanthan, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid, montmorillonite: Kinetic and equilibrium study. 0:170 Experimental study of the removal of copper ions using hydrogels of xanthan, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid, montmorillonite: Kinetic and equilibrium study. 26917382 6 24 theme kinetics 1142:1149 arg1 data 1151:1154 Adsorption kinetics data 1131:1154 Adsorption kinetics data 1131:1154 Adsorption kinetics data fitted well with pseudo second order model. 26917382 2 25 theme electron 639:646 arg1 microscope 648:657 scanning electron microscope 630:657 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 630:663 The structure and morphologies of the xanthan-based hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). 26917382 2 25 theme electron 639:646 arg1 SEM 660:662 SEM 660:662 SEM 660:662 The structure and morphologies of the xanthan-based hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). 26917382 5 26 with /MMT 1111:1114 arg1 capacity 1030:1037 maximum adsorption capacity 1011:1037 maximum adsorption capacity of 24.57, 39.06 and 29.49 mg/g 1011:1068 Adsorption process was found to follow Langmuir isotherm model with maximum adsorption capacity of 24.57, 39.06 and 29.49 mg/g for the XG, XG-g-P(AMPS) and XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT, respectively. 26917382 8 27 from nature 1375:1380 arg1 endothermic 1360:1370 endothermic 1360:1370 endothermic 1360:1370 The positive ΔH° values suggested that the adsorption was endothermic in nature. 26917382 8 27 from nature 1375:1380 arg1 adsorption 1345:1354 the adsorption 1341:1354 the adsorption 1341:1354 The positive ΔH° values suggested that the adsorption was endothermic in nature. 26917382 4 28 theme initial 827:833 arg1 concentrations 835:848 initial concentrations 827:848 initial concentrations of Cu(2+)=321.8 mg/L 827:869 Maximum adsorption was observed in the pH=5.2, initial concentrations of Cu(2+)=321.8 mg/L, Temperature=45 °C, contact time=5 h with 0.2 g/50 mL of the hydrogels. 26917382 4 29 theme g/50 917:920 arg1 mL 922:923 0.2 g/50 mL 913:923 0.2 g/50 mL of the hydrogels 913:940 Maximum adsorption was observed in the pH=5.2, initial concentrations of Cu(2+)=321.8 mg/L, Temperature=45 °C, contact time=5 h with 0.2 g/50 mL of the hydrogels. 26917382 7 30 theme spontaneous 1281:1291 arg1 process 1293:1299 a spontaneous process 1279:1299 a spontaneous process 1279:1299 The negative ΔG° values and the positive ΔS° confirmed that the adsorption was a spontaneous process. 26917382 7 30 theme spontaneous 1281:1291 arg1 adsorption 1264:1273 the adsorption 1260:1273 the adsorption 1260:1273 The negative ΔG° values and the positive ΔS° confirmed that the adsorption was a spontaneous process. 26917382 4 31 theme Maximum 780:786 arg1 adsorption 788:797 Maximum adsorption 780:797 Maximum adsorption 780:797 Maximum adsorption was observed in the pH=5.2, initial concentrations of Cu(2+)=321.8 mg/L, Temperature=45 °C, contact time=5 h with 0.2 g/50 mL of the hydrogels. 26917382 2 32 theme hydrogels 547:555 arg1 morphologies 513:524 morphologies 513:524 morphologies 513:524 The structure and morphologies of the xanthan-based hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). 26917382 2 32 theme hydrogels 547:555 arg1 structure 499:507 structure 499:507 structure 499:507 The structure and morphologies of the xanthan-based hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). 26917382 8 33 theme positive 1306:1313 arg1 values 1319:1324 The positive ΔH° values 1302:1324 The positive ΔH° values 1302:1324 The positive ΔH° values suggested that the adsorption was endothermic in nature. 26917382 4 34 located observed 803:810 arg1 contact 891:897 the pH=5.2, initial concentrations of Cu(2+)=321.8 mg/L, Temperature=45 °C, contact 815:897 the pH=5.2, initial concentrations of Cu(2+)=321.8 mg/L, Temperature=45 °C, contact time=5 h with 0.2 g/50 mL of the hydrogels 815:940 Maximum adsorption was observed in the pH=5.2, initial concentrations of Cu(2+)=321.8 mg/L, Temperature=45 °C, contact time=5 h with 0.2 g/50 mL of the hydrogels. 26917382 4 34 located observed 803:810 arg2 adsorption 788:797 Maximum adsorption 780:797 Maximum adsorption 780:797 Maximum adsorption was observed in the pH=5.2, initial concentrations of Cu(2+)=321.8 mg/L, Temperature=45 °C, contact time=5 h with 0.2 g/50 mL of the hydrogels. 26917382 1 35 theme xanthan 363:369 arg1 acid/montmorillonite 422:441 xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid/montmorillonite 363:441 xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid/montmorillonite (XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT) 363:460 In this paper, removal of copper ions from aqueous solution using novel xanthan gum (XG) hydrogel, xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (XG-g-P(AMPS)) hydrogel and xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid/montmorillonite (XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT) hydrogel composite were studied. 26917382 1 35 theme xanthan 363:369 arg1 /MMT 456:459 XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT 444:459 XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT 444:459 In this paper, removal of copper ions from aqueous solution using novel xanthan gum (XG) hydrogel, xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (XG-g-P(AMPS)) hydrogel and xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid/montmorillonite (XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT) hydrogel composite were studied. 26917382 5 36 theme Adsorption 943:952 arg1 process 954:960 Adsorption process 943:960 Adsorption process 943:960 Adsorption process was found to follow Langmuir isotherm model with maximum adsorption capacity of 24.57, 39.06 and 29.49 mg/g for the XG, XG-g-P(AMPS) and XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT, respectively. 26917382 8 37 from endothermic 1360:1370 arg1 nature 1375:1380 nature 1375:1380 nature 1375:1380 The positive ΔH° values suggested that the adsorption was endothermic in nature. 26917382 7 38 theme positive 1232:1239 arg1 ΔS° 1241:1243 the positive ΔS° 1228:1243 the positive ΔS° 1228:1243 The negative ΔG° values and the positive ΔS° confirmed that the adsorption was a spontaneous process. 26917382 3 39 theme porous 689:694 arg1 structure 706:714 a porous crosslink structure 687:714 a porous crosslink structure with side chains that carried carboxyl, hydroxyl and sulfonate 687:777 Adsorbents comprised a porous crosslink structure with side chains that carried carboxyl, hydroxyl and sulfonate. 26917382 0 40 theme Kinetic 141:147 arg1 study 165:169 Kinetic and equilibrium study 141:169 Experimental study of the removal of copper ions using hydrogels of xanthan, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid, montmorillonite: Kinetic and equilibrium study. 0:170 Experimental study of the removal of copper ions using hydrogels of xanthan, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid, montmorillonite: Kinetic and equilibrium study. 26917382 1 41 theme gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane 371:411 arg1 acid/montmorillonite 422:441 xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid/montmorillonite 363:441 xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid/montmorillonite (XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT) 363:460 In this paper, removal of copper ions from aqueous solution using novel xanthan gum (XG) hydrogel, xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (XG-g-P(AMPS)) hydrogel and xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid/montmorillonite (XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT) hydrogel composite were studied. 26917382 1 41 theme gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane 371:411 arg1 /MMT 456:459 XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT 444:459 XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT 444:459 In this paper, removal of copper ions from aqueous solution using novel xanthan gum (XG) hydrogel, xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (XG-g-P(AMPS)) hydrogel and xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid/montmorillonite (XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT) hydrogel composite were studied. 26917382 6 42 theme second 1180:1185 arg1 model 1193:1197 pseudo second order model 1173:1197 pseudo second order model 1173:1197 Adsorption kinetics data fitted well with pseudo second order model. 26917382 4 43 with contact 891:897 arg1 mL 922:923 0.2 g/50 mL 913:923 0.2 g/50 mL of the hydrogels 913:940 Maximum adsorption was observed in the pH=5.2, initial concentrations of Cu(2+)=321.8 mg/L, Temperature=45 °C, contact time=5 h with 0.2 g/50 mL of the hydrogels. 26917382 1 44 theme copper 198:203 arg1 ions 205:208 copper ions 198:208 copper ions 198:208 In this paper, removal of copper ions from aqueous solution using novel xanthan gum (XG) hydrogel, xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (XG-g-P(AMPS)) hydrogel and xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid/montmorillonite (XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT) hydrogel composite were studied. 26917382 0 45 theme removal 26:32 arg1 study 13:17 Experimental study 0:17 Experimental study of the removal of copper ions using hydrogels of xanthan, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid, montmorillonite: Kinetic and equilibrium study. 0:170 Experimental study of the removal of copper ions using hydrogels of xanthan, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid, montmorillonite: Kinetic and equilibrium study. 26917382 1 46 theme xanthan 271:277 arg1 XG-g-P 336:341 XG-g-P 336:341 XG-g-P(AMPS) 336:347 In this paper, removal of copper ions from aqueous solution using novel xanthan gum (XG) hydrogel, xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (XG-g-P(AMPS)) hydrogel and xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid/montmorillonite (XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT) hydrogel composite were studied. 26917382 1 46 theme xanthan 271:277 arg1 acid 330:333 xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid 271:333 xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (XG-g-P(AMPS)) hydrogel 271:357 In this paper, removal of copper ions from aqueous solution using novel xanthan gum (XG) hydrogel, xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (XG-g-P(AMPS)) hydrogel and xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid/montmorillonite (XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT) hydrogel composite were studied. 26917382 1 47 theme sulfonic 413:420 arg1 acid/montmorillonite 422:441 xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid/montmorillonite 363:441 xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid/montmorillonite (XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT) 363:460 In this paper, removal of copper ions from aqueous solution using novel xanthan gum (XG) hydrogel, xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (XG-g-P(AMPS)) hydrogel and xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid/montmorillonite (XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT) hydrogel composite were studied. 26917382 1 47 theme sulfonic 413:420 arg1 /MMT 456:459 XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT 444:459 XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT 444:459 In this paper, removal of copper ions from aqueous solution using novel xanthan gum (XG) hydrogel, xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (XG-g-P(AMPS)) hydrogel and xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid/montmorillonite (XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT) hydrogel composite were studied. 26917382 4 48 theme concentrations 835:848 arg1 mg/L 866:869 initial concentrations of Cu(2+)=321.8 mg/L 827:869 initial concentrations of Cu(2+)=321.8 mg/L 827:869 Maximum adsorption was observed in the pH=5.2, initial concentrations of Cu(2+)=321.8 mg/L, Temperature=45 °C, contact time=5 h with 0.2 g/50 mL of the hydrogels. 26917382 4 48 theme concentrations 835:848 arg1 pH=5.2 819:824 pH=5.2 819:824 pH=5.2 819:824 Maximum adsorption was observed in the pH=5.2, initial concentrations of Cu(2+)=321.8 mg/L, Temperature=45 °C, contact time=5 h with 0.2 g/50 mL of the hydrogels. 26917382 1 49 theme ions 205:208 arg1 removal 187:193 removal 187:193 removal of copper ions from aqueous solution using novel xanthan gum (XG) hydrogel, xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (XG-g-P(AMPS)) hydrogel and xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid/montmorillonite (XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT) hydrogel composite 187:479 In this paper, removal of copper ions from aqueous solution using novel xanthan gum (XG) hydrogel, xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (XG-g-P(AMPS)) hydrogel and xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid/montmorillonite (XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT) hydrogel composite were studied. 26917382 0 50 theme ions 44:47 arg1 removal 26:32 the removal 22:32 the removal of copper ions using hydrogels of xanthan, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid, montmorillonite 22:138 Experimental study of the removal of copper ions using hydrogels of xanthan, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid, montmorillonite: Kinetic and equilibrium study. 26917382 1 51 theme gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane 279:319 arg1 XG-g-P 336:341 XG-g-P 336:341 XG-g-P(AMPS) 336:347 In this paper, removal of copper ions from aqueous solution using novel xanthan gum (XG) hydrogel, xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (XG-g-P(AMPS)) hydrogel and xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid/montmorillonite (XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT) hydrogel composite were studied. 26917382 1 51 theme gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane 279:319 arg1 acid 330:333 xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid 271:333 xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (XG-g-P(AMPS)) hydrogel 271:357 In this paper, removal of copper ions from aqueous solution using novel xanthan gum (XG) hydrogel, xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (XG-g-P(AMPS)) hydrogel and xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid/montmorillonite (XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT) hydrogel composite were studied. 26917382 0 52 theme equilibrium 153:163 arg1 study 165:169 Kinetic and equilibrium study 141:169 Experimental study of the removal of copper ions using hydrogels of xanthan, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid, montmorillonite: Kinetic and equilibrium study. 0:170 Experimental study of the removal of copper ions using hydrogels of xanthan, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid, montmorillonite: Kinetic and equilibrium study. 26917382 5 53 with model 1000:1004 arg1 capacity 1030:1037 maximum adsorption capacity 1011:1037 maximum adsorption capacity of 24.57, 39.06 and 29.49 mg/g 1011:1068 Adsorption process was found to follow Langmuir isotherm model with maximum adsorption capacity of 24.57, 39.06 and 29.49 mg/g for the XG, XG-g-P(AMPS) and XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT, respectively. 26917382 5 54 theme adsorption 1019:1028 arg1 capacity 1030:1037 maximum adsorption capacity 1011:1037 maximum adsorption capacity of 24.57, 39.06 and 29.49 mg/g 1011:1068 Adsorption process was found to follow Langmuir isotherm model with maximum adsorption capacity of 24.57, 39.06 and 29.49 mg/g for the XG, XG-g-P(AMPS) and XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT, respectively. 26917382 0 55 theme copper 37:42 arg1 ions 44:47 copper ions 37:47 copper ions using hydrogels of xanthan, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid, montmorillonite 37:138 Experimental study of the removal of copper ions using hydrogels of xanthan, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid, montmorillonite: Kinetic and equilibrium study. 26917382 1 56 theme sulfonic 321:328 arg1 XG-g-P 336:341 XG-g-P 336:341 XG-g-P(AMPS) 336:347 In this paper, removal of copper ions from aqueous solution using novel xanthan gum (XG) hydrogel, xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (XG-g-P(AMPS)) hydrogel and xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid/montmorillonite (XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT) hydrogel composite were studied. 26917382 1 56 theme sulfonic 321:328 arg1 acid 330:333 xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid 271:333 xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (XG-g-P(AMPS)) hydrogel 271:357 In this paper, removal of copper ions from aqueous solution using novel xanthan gum (XG) hydrogel, xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (XG-g-P(AMPS)) hydrogel and xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid/montmorillonite (XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT) hydrogel composite were studied. 26917382 3 57 theme crosslink 696:704 arg1 structure 706:714 a porous crosslink structure 687:714 a porous crosslink structure with side chains that carried carboxyl, hydroxyl and sulfonate 687:777 Adsorbents comprised a porous crosslink structure with side chains that carried carboxyl, hydroxyl and sulfonate. 26917382 4 58 theme Cu 853:854 arg1 concentrations 835:848 initial concentrations 827:848 initial concentrations of Cu(2+)=321.8 mg/L 827:869 Maximum adsorption was observed in the pH=5.2, initial concentrations of Cu(2+)=321.8 mg/L, Temperature=45 °C, contact time=5 h with 0.2 g/50 mL of the hydrogels. 26917382 5 59 theme XG-g-P 1099:1104 arg1 /MMT 1111:1114 XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT 1099:1114 XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT 1099:1114 Adsorption process was found to follow Langmuir isotherm model with maximum adsorption capacity of 24.57, 39.06 and 29.49 mg/g for the XG, XG-g-P(AMPS) and XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT, respectively. 26917382 3 60 contain carried 738:744 arg1 chains 726:731 side chains 721:731 side chains that carried carboxyl, hydroxyl and sulfonate 721:777 Adsorbents comprised a porous crosslink structure with side chains that carried carboxyl, hydroxyl and sulfonate. 26917382 3 60 contain carried 738:744 arg2 hydroxyl 756:763 hydroxyl 756:763 hydroxyl 756:763 Adsorbents comprised a porous crosslink structure with side chains that carried carboxyl, hydroxyl and sulfonate. 26917382 3 60 contain carried 738:744 arg2 carboxyl 746:753 carboxyl 746:753 carboxyl 746:753 Adsorbents comprised a porous crosslink structure with side chains that carried carboxyl, hydroxyl and sulfonate. 26917382 3 60 contain carried 738:744 arg2 sulfonate 769:777 sulfonate 769:777 sulfonate 769:777 Adsorbents comprised a porous crosslink structure with side chains that carried carboxyl, hydroxyl and sulfonate. 26917382 1 61 theme acid 330:333 arg1 hydrogel 350:357 xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (XG-g-P(AMPS)) hydrogel 271:357 xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (XG-g-P(AMPS)) hydrogel 271:357 In this paper, removal of copper ions from aqueous solution using novel xanthan gum (XG) hydrogel, xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (XG-g-P(AMPS)) hydrogel and xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid/montmorillonite (XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT) hydrogel composite were studied. 26917382 1 62 theme XG-g-P 444:449 arg1 acid/montmorillonite 422:441 xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid/montmorillonite 363:441 xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid/montmorillonite (XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT) 363:460 In this paper, removal of copper ions from aqueous solution using novel xanthan gum (XG) hydrogel, xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (XG-g-P(AMPS)) hydrogel and xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid/montmorillonite (XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT) hydrogel composite were studied. 26917382 1 62 theme XG-g-P 444:449 arg1 /MMT 456:459 XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT 444:459 XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT 444:459 In this paper, removal of copper ions from aqueous solution using novel xanthan gum (XG) hydrogel, xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (XG-g-P(AMPS)) hydrogel and xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid/montmorillonite (XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT) hydrogel composite were studied. 26917382 4 63 theme pH=5.2 819:824 arg1 contact 891:897 the pH=5.2, initial concentrations of Cu(2+)=321.8 mg/L, Temperature=45 °C, contact 815:897 the pH=5.2, initial concentrations of Cu(2+)=321.8 mg/L, Temperature=45 °C, contact time=5 h with 0.2 g/50 mL of the hydrogels 815:940 Maximum adsorption was observed in the pH=5.2, initial concentrations of Cu(2+)=321.8 mg/L, Temperature=45 °C, contact time=5 h with 0.2 g/50 mL of the hydrogels. 26917382 5 64 theme maximum 1011:1017 arg1 capacity 1030:1037 maximum adsorption capacity 1011:1037 maximum adsorption capacity of 24.57, 39.06 and 29.49 mg/g 1011:1068 Adsorption process was found to follow Langmuir isotherm model with maximum adsorption capacity of 24.57, 39.06 and 29.49 mg/g for the XG, XG-g-P(AMPS) and XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT, respectively. 26917382 7 65 theme negative 1204:1211 arg1 values 1217:1222 The negative ΔG° values 1200:1222 The negative ΔG° values 1200:1222 The negative ΔG° values and the positive ΔS° confirmed that the adsorption was a spontaneous process. 26917382 5 66 with XG-g-P 1082:1087 arg1 capacity 1030:1037 maximum adsorption capacity 1011:1037 maximum adsorption capacity of 24.57, 39.06 and 29.49 mg/g 1011:1068 Adsorption process was found to follow Langmuir isotherm model with maximum adsorption capacity of 24.57, 39.06 and 29.49 mg/g for the XG, XG-g-P(AMPS) and XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT, respectively. 26917382 5 67 theme Langmuir 982:989 arg1 model 1000:1004 Langmuir isotherm model 982:1004 Langmuir isotherm model with maximum adsorption capacity of 24.57, 39.06 and 29.49 mg/g for the XG 982:1079 Adsorption process was found to follow Langmuir isotherm model with maximum adsorption capacity of 24.57, 39.06 and 29.49 mg/g for the XG, XG-g-P(AMPS) and XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT, respectively. 26917382 7 68 theme ΔG° 1213:1215 arg1 values 1217:1222 The negative ΔG° values 1200:1222 The negative ΔG° values 1200:1222 The negative ΔG° values and the positive ΔS° confirmed that the adsorption was a spontaneous process. 26917382 1 69 theme aqueous 215:221 arg1 solution 223:230 aqueous solution 215:230 aqueous solution using novel xanthan gum (XG) hydrogel, xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (XG-g-P(AMPS)) hydrogel and xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid/montmorillonite (XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT) hydrogel composite 215:479 In this paper, removal of copper ions from aqueous solution using novel xanthan gum (XG) hydrogel, xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (XG-g-P(AMPS)) hydrogel and xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid/montmorillonite (XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT) hydrogel composite were studied. 26917382 1 70 theme AMPS 451:454 arg1 acid/montmorillonite 422:441 xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid/montmorillonite 363:441 xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid/montmorillonite (XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT) 363:460 In this paper, removal of copper ions from aqueous solution using novel xanthan gum (XG) hydrogel, xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (XG-g-P(AMPS)) hydrogel and xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid/montmorillonite (XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT) hydrogel composite were studied. 26917382 1 70 theme AMPS 451:454 arg1 /MMT 456:459 XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT 444:459 XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT 444:459 In this paper, removal of copper ions from aqueous solution using novel xanthan gum (XG) hydrogel, xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (XG-g-P(AMPS)) hydrogel and xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid/montmorillonite (XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT) hydrogel composite were studied. 26917382 0 71 dep study 13:17 arg1 study 165:169 Kinetic and equilibrium study 141:169 Experimental study of the removal of copper ions using hydrogels of xanthan, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid, montmorillonite: Kinetic and equilibrium study. 0:170 Experimental study of the removal of copper ions using hydrogels of xanthan, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid, montmorillonite: Kinetic and equilibrium study. 26917382 2 72 dep transform 587:595 arg1 infrared 597:604 infrared 597:604 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) 587:663 The structure and morphologies of the xanthan-based hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). 26917382 1 73 dep hydrogel 261:268 arg1 composite 471:479 hydrogel composite 462:479 hydrogel composite 462:479 In this paper, removal of copper ions from aqueous solution using novel xanthan gum (XG) hydrogel, xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (XG-g-P(AMPS)) hydrogel and xanthan gum-graft-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid/montmorillonite (XG-g-P(AMPS)/MMT) hydrogel composite were studied. 26917382 6 74 theme Adsorption 1131:1140 arg1 data 1151:1154 Adsorption kinetics data 1131:1154 Adsorption kinetics data 1131:1154 Adsorption kinetics data fitted well with pseudo second order model. 25077674 2 0 theme solid-state 477:487 arg1 NMR 495:497 solid-state (13)C NMR 477:497 solid-state (13)C NMR 477:497 The RCP hydrogels were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry, solid-state (13)C NMR, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and compressive test. 25077674 7 1 theme cell 1355:1358 arg1 tests 1368:1372 the cell culture tests 1351:1372 the cell culture tests 1351:1372 Furthermore, the cell culture tests indicated that the chitin/PVA composite hydrogels exhibited excellent biocompatibility and safety, showing potential applications in the field of tissue engineering. 25077674 4 2 theme crystalline 834:844 arg1 PVA 846:848 the amorphous and crystalline PVA 816:848 the amorphous and crystalline PVA 816:848 Interestingly, a jellyfish gel-like structure occurred in the RCP75 gel with 25 wt % PVA content in which the amorphous and crystalline PVA were immobilized tightly in the chitin matrix through hydrogen bonding interaction. 25077674 5 3 theme PVA 1066:1068 arg1 tight 1047:1051 tight 1047:1051 tight 1047:1051 The freezing/thawing cycles played an important role in the formation of the layered porous PVA networks and the tight combining of PVA with the pore wall of chitin. 25077674 7 4 theme excellent 1434:1442 arg1 biocompatibility 1444:1459 excellent biocompatibility 1434:1459 excellent biocompatibility 1434:1459 Furthermore, the cell culture tests indicated that the chitin/PVA composite hydrogels exhibited excellent biocompatibility and safety, showing potential applications in the field of tissue engineering. 25077674 3 5 theme PVA 674:676 arg1 crystals 678:685 chitin and PVA crystals 663:685 crystals 678:685 The results revealed that the repeated freezing/thawing cycles induced the bicrosslinked networks consisted of chitin and PVA crystals in the composite gels. 25077674 1 6 theme composite 156:164 arg1 RCP 177:179 RCP 177:179 RCP 177:179 High strength chitin/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite hydrogels (RCP) were constructed by adding PVA into chitin dissolved in a NaOH/urea aqueous solution, and then by cross-linking with epichlorohydrin (ECH) and freezing-thawing process. 25077674 1 6 theme composite 156:164 arg1 hydrogels 166:174 High strength chitin/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite hydrogels 109:174 High strength chitin/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite hydrogels (RCP) 109:180 High strength chitin/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite hydrogels (RCP) were constructed by adding PVA into chitin dissolved in a NaOH/urea aqueous solution, and then by cross-linking with epichlorohydrin (ECH) and freezing-thawing process. 25077674 3 7 link bicrosslinked 627:639 arg1 networks 641:648 the bicrosslinked networks 623:648 the bicrosslinked networks consisted of chitin and PVA crystals in the composite gels 623:707 The results revealed that the repeated freezing/thawing cycles induced the bicrosslinked networks consisted of chitin and PVA crystals in the composite gels. 25077674 7 8 theme tissue 1520:1525 arg1 engineering 1527:1537 tissue engineering 1520:1537 tissue engineering 1520:1537 Furthermore, the cell culture tests indicated that the chitin/PVA composite hydrogels exhibited excellent biocompatibility and safety, showing potential applications in the field of tissue engineering. 25077674 5 9 theme porous 1019:1024 arg1 networks 1030:1037 the layered porous PVA networks 1007:1037 the layered porous PVA networks 1007:1037 The freezing/thawing cycles played an important role in the formation of the layered porous PVA networks and the tight combining of PVA with the pore wall of chitin. 25077674 6 10 theme other 1161:1165 arg1 gels 1171:1174 the other RCP gels 1157:1174 the other RCP gels 1157:1174 The mechanical properties of RCP75 were much higher than the other RCP gels, and the compressive strength was 20× higher than that of pure chitin gels, as a result of broadly dispersing stress caused by the orderly multilayered networks. 25077674 5 11 theme freezing/thawing 938:953 arg1 cycles 955:960 The freezing/thawing cycles 934:960 The freezing/thawing cycles 934:960 The freezing/thawing cycles played an important role in the formation of the layered porous PVA networks and the tight combining of PVA with the pore wall of chitin. 25077674 4 12 theme jellyfish 727:735 arg1 structure 746:754 a jellyfish gel-like structure 725:754 a jellyfish gel-like structure 725:754 Interestingly, a jellyfish gel-like structure occurred in the RCP75 gel with 25 wt % PVA content in which the amorphous and crystalline PVA were immobilized tightly in the chitin matrix through hydrogen bonding interaction. 25077674 1 13 theme NaOH/urea 240:248 arg1 solution 258:265 a NaOH/urea aqueous solution 238:265 a NaOH/urea aqueous solution 238:265 High strength chitin/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite hydrogels (RCP) were constructed by adding PVA into chitin dissolved in a NaOH/urea aqueous solution, and then by cross-linking with epichlorohydrin (ECH) and freezing-thawing process. 25077674 4 14 theme bonding 913:919 arg1 interaction 921:931 hydrogen bonding interaction 904:931 hydrogen bonding interaction 904:931 Interestingly, a jellyfish gel-like structure occurred in the RCP75 gel with 25 wt % PVA content in which the amorphous and crystalline PVA were immobilized tightly in the chitin matrix through hydrogen bonding interaction. 25077674 1 15 theme freezing-thawing 325:340 arg1 process 342:348 freezing-thawing process 325:348 freezing-thawing process 325:348 High strength chitin/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite hydrogels (RCP) were constructed by adding PVA into chitin dissolved in a NaOH/urea aqueous solution, and then by cross-linking with epichlorohydrin (ECH) and freezing-thawing process. 25077674 5 16 theme important 972:980 arg1 role 982:985 an important role 969:985 an important role 969:985 The freezing/thawing cycles played an important role in the formation of the layered porous PVA networks and the tight combining of PVA with the pore wall of chitin. 25077674 1 17 theme aqueous 250:256 arg1 solution 258:265 a NaOH/urea aqueous solution 238:265 a NaOH/urea aqueous solution 238:265 High strength chitin/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite hydrogels (RCP) were constructed by adding PVA into chitin dissolved in a NaOH/urea aqueous solution, and then by cross-linking with epichlorohydrin (ECH) and freezing-thawing process. 25077674 2 18 theme C 493:493 arg1 NMR 495:497 solid-state (13)C NMR 477:497 solid-state (13)C NMR 477:497 The RCP hydrogels were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry, solid-state (13)C NMR, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and compressive test. 25077674 7 19 theme chitin/PVA 1393:1402 arg1 hydrogels 1414:1422 the chitin/PVA composite hydrogels 1389:1422 the chitin/PVA composite hydrogels 1389:1422 Furthermore, the cell culture tests indicated that the chitin/PVA composite hydrogels exhibited excellent biocompatibility and safety, showing potential applications in the field of tissue engineering. 25077674 1 20 with cross-linking 280:292 arg1 process 342:348 freezing-thawing process 325:348 freezing-thawing process 325:348 High strength chitin/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite hydrogels (RCP) were constructed by adding PVA into chitin dissolved in a NaOH/urea aqueous solution, and then by cross-linking with epichlorohydrin (ECH) and freezing-thawing process. 25077674 1 20 with cross-linking 280:292 arg1 ECH 316:318 ECH 316:318 ECH 316:318 High strength chitin/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite hydrogels (RCP) were constructed by adding PVA into chitin dissolved in a NaOH/urea aqueous solution, and then by cross-linking with epichlorohydrin (ECH) and freezing-thawing process. 25077674 1 20 with cross-linking 280:292 arg1 epichlorohydrin 299:313 epichlorohydrin 299:313 epichlorohydrin (ECH) 299:319 High strength chitin/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite hydrogels (RCP) were constructed by adding PVA into chitin dissolved in a NaOH/urea aqueous solution, and then by cross-linking with epichlorohydrin (ECH) and freezing-thawing process. 25077674 3 21 theme composite 694:702 arg1 gels 704:707 the composite gels 690:707 the composite gels 690:707 The results revealed that the repeated freezing/thawing cycles induced the bicrosslinked networks consisted of chitin and PVA crystals in the composite gels. 25077674 6 22 theme mechanical 1104:1113 arg1 properties 1115:1124 The mechanical properties 1100:1124 The mechanical properties of RCP75 1100:1133 The mechanical properties of RCP75 were much higher than the other RCP gels, and the compressive strength was 20× higher than that of pure chitin gels, as a result of broadly dispersing stress caused by the orderly multilayered networks. 25077674 6 22 theme mechanical 1104:1113 arg1 higher 1145:1150 higher 1145:1150 higher 1145:1150 The mechanical properties of RCP75 were much higher than the other RCP gels, and the compressive strength was 20× higher than that of pure chitin gels, as a result of broadly dispersing stress caused by the orderly multilayered networks. 25077674 6 23 theme RCP75 1129:1133 arg1 properties 1115:1124 The mechanical properties 1100:1124 The mechanical properties of RCP75 1100:1133 The mechanical properties of RCP75 were much higher than the other RCP gels, and the compressive strength was 20× higher than that of pure chitin gels, as a result of broadly dispersing stress caused by the orderly multilayered networks. 25077674 6 23 theme RCP75 1129:1133 arg1 higher 1145:1150 higher 1145:1150 higher 1145:1150 The mechanical properties of RCP75 were much higher than the other RCP gels, and the compressive strength was 20× higher than that of pure chitin gels, as a result of broadly dispersing stress caused by the orderly multilayered networks. 25077674 6 24 theme dispersing 1275:1284 arg1 stress 1286:1291 broadly dispersing stress 1267:1291 broadly dispersing stress caused by the orderly multilayered networks 1267:1335 The mechanical properties of RCP75 were much higher than the other RCP gels, and the compressive strength was 20× higher than that of pure chitin gels, as a result of broadly dispersing stress caused by the orderly multilayered networks. 25077674 4 25 dep amorphous 820:828 arg1 the 816:818 the 816:818 the 816:818 Interestingly, a jellyfish gel-like structure occurred in the RCP75 gel with 25 wt % PVA content in which the amorphous and crystalline PVA were immobilized tightly in the chitin matrix through hydrogen bonding interaction. 25077674 5 26 theme pore 1079:1082 arg1 wall 1084:1087 the pore wall 1075:1087 the pore wall of chitin 1075:1097 The freezing/thawing cycles played an important role in the formation of the layered porous PVA networks and the tight combining of PVA with the pore wall of chitin. 25077674 4 27 theme amorphous 820:828 arg1 PVA 846:848 the amorphous and crystalline PVA 816:848 the amorphous and crystalline PVA 816:848 Interestingly, a jellyfish gel-like structure occurred in the RCP75 gel with 25 wt % PVA content in which the amorphous and crystalline PVA were immobilized tightly in the chitin matrix through hydrogen bonding interaction. 25077674 7 28 from applications 1491:1502 arg1 field 1511:1515 the field 1507:1515 the field of tissue engineering 1507:1537 Furthermore, the cell culture tests indicated that the chitin/PVA composite hydrogels exhibited excellent biocompatibility and safety, showing potential applications in the field of tissue engineering. 25077674 4 29 theme hydrogen 904:911 arg1 interaction 921:931 hydrogen bonding interaction 904:931 hydrogen bonding interaction 904:931 Interestingly, a jellyfish gel-like structure occurred in the RCP75 gel with 25 wt % PVA content in which the amorphous and crystalline PVA were immobilized tightly in the chitin matrix through hydrogen bonding interaction. 25077674 4 30 with gel 778:780 arg1 content 799:805 25 wt % PVA content 787:805 25 wt % PVA content in which the amorphous and crystalline PVA were immobilized tightly in the chitin matrix through hydrogen bonding interaction 787:931 Interestingly, a jellyfish gel-like structure occurred in the RCP75 gel with 25 wt % PVA content in which the amorphous and crystalline PVA were immobilized tightly in the chitin matrix through hydrogen bonding interaction. 25077674 6 31 theme compressive 1185:1195 arg1 strength 1197:1204 the compressive strength 1181:1204 the compressive strength 1181:1204 The mechanical properties of RCP75 were much higher than the other RCP gels, and the compressive strength was 20× higher than that of pure chitin gels, as a result of broadly dispersing stress caused by the orderly multilayered networks. 25077674 6 31 theme compressive 1185:1195 arg1 higher 1214:1219 higher 1214:1219 higher 1214:1219 The mechanical properties of RCP75 were much higher than the other RCP gels, and the compressive strength was 20× higher than that of pure chitin gels, as a result of broadly dispersing stress caused by the orderly multilayered networks. 25077674 1 32 theme High 109:112 arg1 alcohol 141:147 vinyl alcohol 135:147 vinyl alcohol 135:147 High strength chitin/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite hydrogels (RCP) were constructed by adding PVA into chitin dissolved in a NaOH/urea aqueous solution, and then by cross-linking with epichlorohydrin (ECH) and freezing-thawing process. 25077674 1 32 theme High 109:112 arg1 PVA 151:153 PVA 151:153 PVA 151:153 High strength chitin/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite hydrogels (RCP) were constructed by adding PVA into chitin dissolved in a NaOH/urea aqueous solution, and then by cross-linking with epichlorohydrin (ECH) and freezing-thawing process. 25077674 1 32 theme High 109:112 arg1 chitin/poly 123:133 High strength chitin/poly 109:133 High strength chitin/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite hydrogels (RCP) 109:180 High strength chitin/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite hydrogels (RCP) were constructed by adding PVA into chitin dissolved in a NaOH/urea aqueous solution, and then by cross-linking with epichlorohydrin (ECH) and freezing-thawing process. 25077674 2 33 theme RCP 355:357 arg1 hydrogels 359:367 The RCP hydrogels 351:367 The RCP hydrogels 351:367 The RCP hydrogels were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry, solid-state (13)C NMR, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and compressive test. 25077674 0 34 theme composite 27:35 arg1 Construction 0:11 Construction 0:11 Construction of chitin/PVA composite 0:35 Construction of chitin/PVA composite hydrogels with jellyfish gel-like structure and their biocompatibility. 25077674 5 35 theme layered 1011:1017 arg1 networks 1030:1037 the layered porous PVA networks 1007:1037 the layered porous PVA networks 1007:1037 The freezing/thawing cycles played an important role in the formation of the layered porous PVA networks and the tight combining of PVA with the pore wall of chitin. 25077674 1 36 theme strength 114:121 arg1 alcohol 141:147 vinyl alcohol 135:147 vinyl alcohol 135:147 High strength chitin/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite hydrogels (RCP) were constructed by adding PVA into chitin dissolved in a NaOH/urea aqueous solution, and then by cross-linking with epichlorohydrin (ECH) and freezing-thawing process. 25077674 1 36 theme strength 114:121 arg1 PVA 151:153 PVA 151:153 PVA 151:153 High strength chitin/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite hydrogels (RCP) were constructed by adding PVA into chitin dissolved in a NaOH/urea aqueous solution, and then by cross-linking with epichlorohydrin (ECH) and freezing-thawing process. 25077674 1 36 theme strength 114:121 arg1 chitin/poly 123:133 High strength chitin/poly 109:133 High strength chitin/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite hydrogels (RCP) 109:180 High strength chitin/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite hydrogels (RCP) were constructed by adding PVA into chitin dissolved in a NaOH/urea aqueous solution, and then by cross-linking with epichlorohydrin (ECH) and freezing-thawing process. 25077674 2 37 theme scanning 406:413 arg1 microscopy 424:433 field emission scanning electron microscopy 391:433 field emission scanning electron microscopy 391:433 The RCP hydrogels were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry, solid-state (13)C NMR, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and compressive test. 25077674 2 38 theme electron 415:422 arg1 microscopy 424:433 field emission scanning electron microscopy 391:433 field emission scanning electron microscopy 391:433 The RCP hydrogels were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry, solid-state (13)C NMR, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and compressive test. 25077674 4 39 theme chitin 882:887 arg1 matrix 889:894 the chitin matrix 878:894 the chitin matrix 878:894 Interestingly, a jellyfish gel-like structure occurred in the RCP75 gel with 25 wt % PVA content in which the amorphous and crystalline PVA were immobilized tightly in the chitin matrix through hydrogen bonding interaction. 25077674 3 40 theme bicrosslinked 627:639 arg1 networks 641:648 the bicrosslinked networks 623:648 the bicrosslinked networks consisted of chitin and PVA crystals in the composite gels 623:707 The results revealed that the repeated freezing/thawing cycles induced the bicrosslinked networks consisted of chitin and PVA crystals in the composite gels. 25077674 1 41 theme chitin/poly 123:133 arg1 RCP 177:179 RCP 177:179 RCP 177:179 High strength chitin/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite hydrogels (RCP) were constructed by adding PVA into chitin dissolved in a NaOH/urea aqueous solution, and then by cross-linking with epichlorohydrin (ECH) and freezing-thawing process. 25077674 1 41 theme chitin/poly 123:133 arg1 hydrogels 166:174 High strength chitin/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite hydrogels 109:174 High strength chitin/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite hydrogels (RCP) 109:180 High strength chitin/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite hydrogels (RCP) were constructed by adding PVA into chitin dissolved in a NaOH/urea aqueous solution, and then by cross-linking with epichlorohydrin (ECH) and freezing-thawing process. 25077674 2 42 theme emission 397:404 arg1 microscopy 424:433 field emission scanning electron microscopy 391:433 field emission scanning electron microscopy 391:433 The RCP hydrogels were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry, solid-state (13)C NMR, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and compressive test. 25077674 2 43 theme X-ray 511:515 arg1 diffraction 517:527 wide-angle X-ray diffraction 500:527 wide-angle X-ray diffraction 500:527 The RCP hydrogels were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry, solid-state (13)C NMR, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and compressive test. 25077674 4 44 theme % 793:793 arg1 content 799:805 25 wt % PVA content 787:805 25 wt % PVA content in which the amorphous and crystalline PVA were immobilized tightly in the chitin matrix through hydrogen bonding interaction 787:931 Interestingly, a jellyfish gel-like structure occurred in the RCP75 gel with 25 wt % PVA content in which the amorphous and crystalline PVA were immobilized tightly in the chitin matrix through hydrogen bonding interaction. 25077674 5 45 with tight 1047:1051 arg1 wall 1084:1087 the pore wall 1075:1087 the pore wall of chitin 1075:1097 The freezing/thawing cycles played an important role in the formation of the layered porous PVA networks and the tight combining of PVA with the pore wall of chitin. 25077674 2 46 theme field 391:395 arg1 microscopy 424:433 field emission scanning electron microscopy 391:433 field emission scanning electron microscopy 391:433 The RCP hydrogels were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry, solid-state (13)C NMR, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and compressive test. 25077674 2 47 theme scanning 455:462 arg1 calorimetry 464:474 differential scanning calorimetry 442:474 differential scanning calorimetry 442:474 The RCP hydrogels were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry, solid-state (13)C NMR, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and compressive test. 25077674 3 48 from crystals 678:685 arg1 gels 704:707 the composite gels 690:707 the composite gels 690:707 The results revealed that the repeated freezing/thawing cycles induced the bicrosslinked networks consisted of chitin and PVA crystals in the composite gels. 25077674 2 49 theme wide-angle 500:509 arg1 diffraction 517:527 wide-angle X-ray diffraction 500:527 wide-angle X-ray diffraction 500:527 The RCP hydrogels were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry, solid-state (13)C NMR, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and compressive test. 25077674 4 50 theme wt 790:791 arg1 content 799:805 25 wt % PVA content 787:805 25 wt % PVA content in which the amorphous and crystalline PVA were immobilized tightly in the chitin matrix through hydrogen bonding interaction 787:931 Interestingly, a jellyfish gel-like structure occurred in the RCP75 gel with 25 wt % PVA content in which the amorphous and crystalline PVA were immobilized tightly in the chitin matrix through hydrogen bonding interaction. 25077674 0 51 theme gel-like 62:69 arg1 structure 71:79 jellyfish gel-like structure 52:79 jellyfish gel-like structure 52:79 Construction of chitin/PVA composite hydrogels with jellyfish gel-like structure and their biocompatibility. 25077674 7 52 theme potential 1481:1489 arg1 applications 1491:1502 potential applications 1481:1502 potential applications in the field of tissue engineering 1481:1537 Furthermore, the cell culture tests indicated that the chitin/PVA composite hydrogels exhibited excellent biocompatibility and safety, showing potential applications in the field of tissue engineering. 25077674 6 53 theme orderly 1307:1313 arg1 networks 1328:1335 the orderly multilayered networks 1303:1335 the orderly multilayered networks 1303:1335 The mechanical properties of RCP75 were much higher than the other RCP gels, and the compressive strength was 20× higher than that of pure chitin gels, as a result of broadly dispersing stress caused by the orderly multilayered networks. 25077674 6 54 theme chitin 1239:1244 arg1 gels 1246:1249 pure chitin gels 1234:1249 pure chitin gels 1234:1249 The mechanical properties of RCP75 were much higher than the other RCP gels, and the compressive strength was 20× higher than that of pure chitin gels, as a result of broadly dispersing stress caused by the orderly multilayered networks. 25077674 5 55 theme chitin 1092:1097 arg1 wall 1084:1087 the pore wall 1075:1087 the pore wall of chitin 1075:1097 The freezing/thawing cycles played an important role in the formation of the layered porous PVA networks and the tight combining of PVA with the pore wall of chitin. 25077674 0 56 theme jellyfish 52:60 arg1 structure 71:79 jellyfish gel-like structure 52:79 jellyfish gel-like structure 52:79 Construction of chitin/PVA composite hydrogels with jellyfish gel-like structure and their biocompatibility. 25077674 3 57 theme chitin 663:668 arg1 crystals 678:685 chitin and PVA crystals 663:685 crystals 678:685 The results revealed that the repeated freezing/thawing cycles induced the bicrosslinked networks consisted of chitin and PVA crystals in the composite gels. 25077674 4 58 theme PVA 795:797 arg1 content 799:805 25 wt % PVA content 787:805 25 wt % PVA content in which the amorphous and crystalline PVA were immobilized tightly in the chitin matrix through hydrogen bonding interaction 787:931 Interestingly, a jellyfish gel-like structure occurred in the RCP75 gel with 25 wt % PVA content in which the amorphous and crystalline PVA were immobilized tightly in the chitin matrix through hydrogen bonding interaction. 25077674 7 59 theme culture 1360:1366 arg1 tests 1368:1372 the cell culture tests 1351:1372 the cell culture tests 1351:1372 Furthermore, the cell culture tests indicated that the chitin/PVA composite hydrogels exhibited excellent biocompatibility and safety, showing potential applications in the field of tissue engineering. 25077674 1 60 theme vinyl 135:139 arg1 alcohol 141:147 vinyl alcohol 135:147 vinyl alcohol 135:147 High strength chitin/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite hydrogels (RCP) were constructed by adding PVA into chitin dissolved in a NaOH/urea aqueous solution, and then by cross-linking with epichlorohydrin (ECH) and freezing-thawing process. 25077674 1 60 theme vinyl 135:139 arg1 chitin/poly 123:133 High strength chitin/poly 109:133 High strength chitin/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite hydrogels (RCP) 109:180 High strength chitin/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite hydrogels (RCP) were constructed by adding PVA into chitin dissolved in a NaOH/urea aqueous solution, and then by cross-linking with epichlorohydrin (ECH) and freezing-thawing process. 25077674 3 61 theme repeated 582:589 arg1 cycles 608:613 the repeated freezing/thawing cycles 578:613 the repeated freezing/thawing cycles 578:613 The results revealed that the repeated freezing/thawing cycles induced the bicrosslinked networks consisted of chitin and PVA crystals in the composite gels. 25077674 2 62 theme compressive 534:544 arg1 test 546:549 compressive test 534:549 compressive test 534:549 The RCP hydrogels were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry, solid-state (13)C NMR, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and compressive test. 25077674 5 63 theme PVA 1026:1028 arg1 networks 1030:1037 the layered porous PVA networks 1007:1037 the layered porous PVA networks 1007:1037 The freezing/thawing cycles played an important role in the formation of the layered porous PVA networks and the tight combining of PVA with the pore wall of chitin. 25077674 3 64 theme freezing/thawing 591:606 arg1 cycles 608:613 the repeated freezing/thawing cycles 578:613 the repeated freezing/thawing cycles 578:613 The results revealed that the repeated freezing/thawing cycles induced the bicrosslinked networks consisted of chitin and PVA crystals in the composite gels. 25077674 4 65 theme gel-like 737:744 arg1 structure 746:754 a jellyfish gel-like structure 725:754 a jellyfish gel-like structure 725:754 Interestingly, a jellyfish gel-like structure occurred in the RCP75 gel with 25 wt % PVA content in which the amorphous and crystalline PVA were immobilized tightly in the chitin matrix through hydrogen bonding interaction. 25077674 6 66 theme pure 1234:1237 arg1 gels 1246:1249 pure chitin gels 1234:1249 pure chitin gels 1234:1249 The mechanical properties of RCP75 were much higher than the other RCP gels, and the compressive strength was 20× higher than that of pure chitin gels, as a result of broadly dispersing stress caused by the orderly multilayered networks. 25077674 5 67 theme networks 1030:1037 arg1 formation 994:1002 the formation 990:1002 the formation of the layered porous PVA networks 990:1037 The freezing/thawing cycles played an important role in the formation of the layered porous PVA networks and the tight combining of PVA with the pore wall of chitin. 25077674 4 68 theme RCP75 772:776 arg1 gel 778:780 the RCP75 gel 768:780 the RCP75 gel with 25 wt % PVA content in which the amorphous and crystalline PVA were immobilized tightly in the chitin matrix through hydrogen bonding interaction 768:931 Interestingly, a jellyfish gel-like structure occurred in the RCP75 gel with 25 wt % PVA content in which the amorphous and crystalline PVA were immobilized tightly in the chitin matrix through hydrogen bonding interaction. 25077674 7 69 theme engineering 1527:1537 arg1 field 1511:1515 the field 1507:1515 the field of tissue engineering 1507:1537 Furthermore, the cell culture tests indicated that the chitin/PVA composite hydrogels exhibited excellent biocompatibility and safety, showing potential applications in the field of tissue engineering. 25077674 6 70 theme multilayered 1315:1326 arg1 networks 1328:1335 the orderly multilayered networks 1303:1335 the orderly multilayered networks 1303:1335 The mechanical properties of RCP75 were much higher than the other RCP gels, and the compressive strength was 20× higher than that of pure chitin gels, as a result of broadly dispersing stress caused by the orderly multilayered networks. 25077674 7 71 theme composite 1404:1412 arg1 hydrogels 1414:1422 the chitin/PVA composite hydrogels 1389:1422 the chitin/PVA composite hydrogels 1389:1422 Furthermore, the cell culture tests indicated that the chitin/PVA composite hydrogels exhibited excellent biocompatibility and safety, showing potential applications in the field of tissue engineering. 25077674 2 72 theme differential 442:453 arg1 calorimetry 464:474 differential scanning calorimetry 442:474 differential scanning calorimetry 442:474 The RCP hydrogels were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry, solid-state (13)C NMR, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and compressive test. 25077674 0 73 theme chitin/PVA 16:25 arg1 composite 27:35 chitin/PVA composite 16:35 chitin/PVA composite 16:35 Construction of chitin/PVA composite hydrogels with jellyfish gel-like structure and their biocompatibility. 25077674 6 74 theme RCP 1167:1169 arg1 gels 1171:1174 the other RCP gels 1157:1174 the other RCP gels 1157:1174 The mechanical properties of RCP75 were much higher than the other RCP gels, and the compressive strength was 20× higher than that of pure chitin gels, as a result of broadly dispersing stress caused by the orderly multilayered networks. 25077674 6 75 theme stress 1286:1291 arg1 result 1257:1262 a result 1255:1262 a result of broadly dispersing stress caused by the orderly multilayered networks 1255:1335 The mechanical properties of RCP75 were much higher than the other RCP gels, and the compressive strength was 20× higher than that of pure chitin gels, as a result of broadly dispersing stress caused by the orderly multilayered networks. 24268274 3 0 with network 617:623 arg1 diameter 637:644 a pore diameter 630:644 a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3% 630:676 The results showed that the 10/1 HLC/HA composited an optimal scaffold with (1) an interconnected porous network with a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3%, (2) better mechanical properties with higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility. 24268274 1 1 theme 10/1 352:355 arg1 ratios 327:332 different mass ratios 312:332 different mass ratios of 40/1, 20/1 and 10/1 (HLC to HA) by freeze-drying process 312:392 Following the previous work of media layer and adventitia layer construction for vascular scaffold, we developed a suitable intima layer scaffold for endothelialization using novel human-like collagen/hyaluronic acid composite at different mass ratios of 40/1, 20/1 and 10/1 (HLC to HA) by freeze-drying process. 24268274 1 2 theme vascular 163:170 arg1 scaffold 172:179 vascular scaffold 163:179 vascular scaffold 163:179 Following the previous work of media layer and adventitia layer construction for vascular scaffold, we developed a suitable intima layer scaffold for endothelialization using novel human-like collagen/hyaluronic acid composite at different mass ratios of 40/1, 20/1 and 10/1 (HLC to HA) by freeze-drying process. 24268274 4 3 contain has 972:974 arg2 prospect 984:991 a broad prospect 976:991 a broad prospect of application 976:1006 This study suggests that the 10/1 HLC/HA composite has a broad prospect of application as luminal vascular scaffold in the tissue engineering. 24268274 4 3 contain has 972:974 arg1 composite 962:970 the 10/1 HLC/HA composite 946:970 the 10/1 HLC/HA composite 946:970 This study suggests that the 10/1 HLC/HA composite has a broad prospect of application as luminal vascular scaffold in the tissue engineering. 24268274 1 4 theme human-like 263:272 arg1 composite 299:307 novel human-like collagen/hyaluronic acid composite 257:307 novel human-like collagen/hyaluronic acid composite 257:307 Following the previous work of media layer and adventitia layer construction for vascular scaffold, we developed a suitable intima layer scaffold for endothelialization using novel human-like collagen/hyaluronic acid composite at different mass ratios of 40/1, 20/1 and 10/1 (HLC to HA) by freeze-drying process. 24268274 2 5 theme scaffold 487:494 arg1 biocompatibility 447:462 biocompatibility 447:462 biocompatibility 447:462 The structure, mechanical strength, degradation and biocompatibility of the vascular HLC/HA scaffold were evaluated. 24268274 2 5 theme scaffold 487:494 arg1 degradation 431:441 degradation 431:441 degradation 431:441 The structure, mechanical strength, degradation and biocompatibility of the vascular HLC/HA scaffold were evaluated. 24268274 2 5 theme scaffold 487:494 arg1 structure 399:407 structure 399:407 structure 399:407 The structure, mechanical strength, degradation and biocompatibility of the vascular HLC/HA scaffold were evaluated. 24268274 2 5 theme scaffold 487:494 arg1 strength 421:428 mechanical strength 410:428 mechanical strength 410:428 The structure, mechanical strength, degradation and biocompatibility of the vascular HLC/HA scaffold were evaluated. 24268274 3 6 from 321.7±15kPa 734:744 arg1 PBS 852:854 PBS 852:854 PBS for 45days at 37°C 852:873 The results showed that the 10/1 HLC/HA composited an optimal scaffold with (1) an interconnected porous network with a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3%, (2) better mechanical properties with higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility. 24268274 3 7 theme excellent 893:901 arg1 biocompatibility 903:918 (4) excellent biocompatibility 889:918 (4) excellent biocompatibility 889:918 The results showed that the 10/1 HLC/HA composited an optimal scaffold with (1) an interconnected porous network with a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3%, (2) better mechanical properties with higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility. 24268274 3 8 from biocompatibility 903:918 arg1 PBS 852:854 PBS 852:854 PBS for 45days at 37°C 852:873 The results showed that the 10/1 HLC/HA composited an optimal scaffold with (1) an interconnected porous network with a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3%, (2) better mechanical properties with higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility. 24268274 4 9 theme HLC/HA 955:960 arg1 composite 962:970 the 10/1 HLC/HA composite 946:970 the 10/1 HLC/HA composite 946:970 This study suggests that the 10/1 HLC/HA composite has a broad prospect of application as luminal vascular scaffold in the tissue engineering. 24268274 1 10 theme collagen/hyaluronic 274:292 arg1 composite 299:307 novel human-like collagen/hyaluronic acid composite 257:307 novel human-like collagen/hyaluronic acid composite 257:307 Following the previous work of media layer and adventitia layer construction for vascular scaffold, we developed a suitable intima layer scaffold for endothelialization using novel human-like collagen/hyaluronic acid composite at different mass ratios of 40/1, 20/1 and 10/1 (HLC to HA) by freeze-drying process. 24268274 4 11 theme broad 978:982 arg1 prospect 984:991 a broad prospect 976:991 a broad prospect of application 976:1006 This study suggests that the 10/1 HLC/HA composite has a broad prospect of application as luminal vascular scaffold in the tissue engineering. 24268274 1 12 theme HLC 358:360 arg1 HA 365:366 HLC to HA 358:366 HLC to HA 358:366 Following the previous work of media layer and adventitia layer construction for vascular scaffold, we developed a suitable intima layer scaffold for endothelialization using novel human-like collagen/hyaluronic acid composite at different mass ratios of 40/1, 20/1 and 10/1 (HLC to HA) by freeze-drying process. 24268274 1 12 theme HLC 358:360 arg1 40/1 337:340 40/1 337:340 40/1 337:340 Following the previous work of media layer and adventitia layer construction for vascular scaffold, we developed a suitable intima layer scaffold for endothelialization using novel human-like collagen/hyaluronic acid composite at different mass ratios of 40/1, 20/1 and 10/1 (HLC to HA) by freeze-drying process. 24268274 3 13 theme biocompatibility 903:918 arg1 stress 724:729 higher stress 717:729 higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility 717:918 The results showed that the 10/1 HLC/HA composited an optimal scaffold with (1) an interconnected porous network with a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3%, (2) better mechanical properties with higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility. 24268274 3 14 theme 3 811:811 arg1 % 820:820 % 820:820 % 820:820 The results showed that the 10/1 HLC/HA composited an optimal scaffold with (1) an interconnected porous network with a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3%, (2) better mechanical properties with higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility. 24268274 1 15 theme acid 294:297 arg1 composite 299:307 novel human-like collagen/hyaluronic acid composite 257:307 novel human-like collagen/hyaluronic acid composite 257:307 Following the previous work of media layer and adventitia layer construction for vascular scaffold, we developed a suitable intima layer scaffold for endothelialization using novel human-like collagen/hyaluronic acid composite at different mass ratios of 40/1, 20/1 and 10/1 (HLC to HA) by freeze-drying process. 24268274 3 16 from strain 750:755 arg1 PBS 852:854 PBS 852:854 PBS for 45days at 37°C 852:873 The results showed that the 10/1 HLC/HA composited an optimal scaffold with (1) an interconnected porous network with a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3%, (2) better mechanical properties with higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility. 24268274 3 17 theme degradation 822:832 arg1 stress 724:729 higher stress 717:729 higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility 717:918 The results showed that the 10/1 HLC/HA composited an optimal scaffold with (1) an interconnected porous network with a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3%, (2) better mechanical properties with higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility. 24268274 3 18 theme mechanical 690:699 arg1 properties 701:710 mechanical properties 690:710 (2) better mechanical properties with higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility 679:918 The results showed that the 10/1 HLC/HA composited an optimal scaffold with (1) an interconnected porous network with a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3%, (2) better mechanical properties with higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility. 24268274 2 19 theme mechanical 410:419 arg1 strength 421:428 mechanical strength 410:428 mechanical strength 410:428 The structure, mechanical strength, degradation and biocompatibility of the vascular HLC/HA scaffold were evaluated. 24268274 1 20 dep layer 119:123 arg1 construction 146:157 layer construction 140:157 layer construction 140:157 Following the previous work of media layer and adventitia layer construction for vascular scaffold, we developed a suitable intima layer scaffold for endothelialization using novel human-like collagen/hyaluronic acid composite at different mass ratios of 40/1, 20/1 and 10/1 (HLC to HA) by freeze-drying process. 24268274 3 21 from degradation 822:832 arg1 PBS 852:854 PBS 852:854 PBS for 45days at 37°C 852:873 The results showed that the 10/1 HLC/HA composited an optimal scaffold with (1) an interconnected porous network with a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3%, (2) better mechanical properties with higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility. 24268274 3 22 with properties 701:710 arg1 stress 724:729 higher stress 717:729 higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility 717:918 The results showed that the 10/1 HLC/HA composited an optimal scaffold with (1) an interconnected porous network with a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3%, (2) better mechanical properties with higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility. 24268274 3 23 theme 10/1 540:543 arg1 HLC/HA 545:550 the 10/1 HLC/HA 536:550 the 10/1 HLC/HA 536:550 The results showed that the 10/1 HLC/HA composited an optimal scaffold with (1) an interconnected porous network with a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3%, (2) better mechanical properties with higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility. 24268274 3 24 dep better 683:688 arg1 properties 701:710 mechanical properties 690:710 (2) better mechanical properties with higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility 679:918 The results showed that the 10/1 HLC/HA composited an optimal scaffold with (1) an interconnected porous network with a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3%, (2) better mechanical properties with higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility. 24268274 3 24 dep better 683:688 arg1 2 680:680 2 680:680 2 680:680 The results showed that the 10/1 HLC/HA composited an optimal scaffold with (1) an interconnected porous network with a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3%, (2) better mechanical properties with higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility. 24268274 0 25 theme collagen/hyaluronic 11:29 arg1 3D 36:37 Human-like collagen/hyaluronic acid 3D 0:37 Human-like collagen/hyaluronic acid 3D 0:37 Human-like collagen/hyaluronic acid 3D scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering. 24268274 3 26 theme higher 717:722 arg1 stress 724:729 higher stress 717:729 higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility 717:918 The results showed that the 10/1 HLC/HA composited an optimal scaffold with (1) an interconnected porous network with a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3%, (2) better mechanical properties with higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility. 24268274 1 27 theme previous 96:103 arg1 work 105:108 the previous work 92:108 the previous work of media layer and adventitia layer construction 92:157 Following the previous work of media layer and adventitia layer construction for vascular scaffold, we developed a suitable intima layer scaffold for endothelialization using novel human-like collagen/hyaluronic acid composite at different mass ratios of 40/1, 20/1 and 10/1 (HLC to HA) by freeze-drying process. 24268274 3 28 theme % 676:676 arg1 porosity 660:667 porosity 660:667 porosity 660:667 The results showed that the 10/1 HLC/HA composited an optimal scaffold with (1) an interconnected porous network with a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3%, (2) better mechanical properties with higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility. 24268274 3 28 theme % 676:676 arg1 12±2μm 649:654 12±2μm 649:654 12±2μm 649:654 The results showed that the 10/1 HLC/HA composited an optimal scaffold with (1) an interconnected porous network with a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3%, (2) better mechanical properties with higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility. 24268274 0 29 theme Human-like 0:9 arg1 3D 36:37 Human-like collagen/hyaluronic acid 3D 0:37 Human-like collagen/hyaluronic acid 3D 0:37 Human-like collagen/hyaluronic acid 3D scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering. 24268274 3 30 theme optimal 566:572 arg1 scaffold 574:581 an optimal scaffold 563:581 an optimal scaffold 563:581 The results showed that the 10/1 HLC/HA composited an optimal scaffold with (1) an interconnected porous network with a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3%, (2) better mechanical properties with higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility. 24268274 3 31 from stress 724:729 arg1 PBS 852:854 PBS 852:854 PBS for 45days at 37°C 852:873 The results showed that the 10/1 HLC/HA composited an optimal scaffold with (1) an interconnected porous network with a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3%, (2) better mechanical properties with higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility. 24268274 4 32 from scaffold 1028:1035 arg1 engineering 1051:1061 the tissue engineering 1040:1061 the tissue engineering 1040:1061 This study suggests that the 10/1 HLC/HA composite has a broad prospect of application as luminal vascular scaffold in the tissue engineering. 24268274 3 33 theme strain 750:755 arg1 stress 724:729 higher stress 717:729 higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility 717:918 The results showed that the 10/1 HLC/HA composited an optimal scaffold with (1) an interconnected porous network with a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3%, (2) better mechanical properties with higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility. 24268274 1 34 theme different 312:320 arg1 ratios 327:332 different mass ratios 312:332 different mass ratios of 40/1, 20/1 and 10/1 (HLC to HA) by freeze-drying process 312:392 Following the previous work of media layer and adventitia layer construction for vascular scaffold, we developed a suitable intima layer scaffold for endothelialization using novel human-like collagen/hyaluronic acid composite at different mass ratios of 40/1, 20/1 and 10/1 (HLC to HA) by freeze-drying process. 24268274 4 35 theme vascular 1019:1026 arg1 scaffold 1028:1035 luminal vascular scaffold 1011:1035 luminal vascular scaffold in the tissue engineering 1011:1061 This study suggests that the 10/1 HLC/HA composite has a broad prospect of application as luminal vascular scaffold in the tissue engineering. 24268274 1 36 theme suitable 197:204 arg1 scaffold 219:226 a suitable intima layer scaffold 195:226 a suitable intima layer scaffold for endothelialization 195:249 Following the previous work of media layer and adventitia layer construction for vascular scaffold, we developed a suitable intima layer scaffold for endothelialization using novel human-like collagen/hyaluronic acid composite at different mass ratios of 40/1, 20/1 and 10/1 (HLC to HA) by freeze-drying process. 24268274 0 37 theme acid 31:34 arg1 3D 36:37 Human-like collagen/hyaluronic acid 3D 0:37 Human-like collagen/hyaluronic acid 3D 0:37 Human-like collagen/hyaluronic acid 3D scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering. 24268274 1 38 theme mass 322:325 arg1 ratios 327:332 different mass ratios 312:332 different mass ratios of 40/1, 20/1 and 10/1 (HLC to HA) by freeze-drying process 312:392 Following the previous work of media layer and adventitia layer construction for vascular scaffold, we developed a suitable intima layer scaffold for endothelialization using novel human-like collagen/hyaluronic acid composite at different mass ratios of 40/1, 20/1 and 10/1 (HLC to HA) by freeze-drying process. 24268274 1 39 theme freeze-drying 372:384 arg1 process 386:392 freeze-drying process 372:392 freeze-drying process 372:392 Following the previous work of media layer and adventitia layer construction for vascular scaffold, we developed a suitable intima layer scaffold for endothelialization using novel human-like collagen/hyaluronic acid composite at different mass ratios of 40/1, 20/1 and 10/1 (HLC to HA) by freeze-drying process. 24268274 1 40 theme media 113:117 arg1 layer 119:123 media layer 113:123 media layer 113:123 Following the previous work of media layer and adventitia layer construction for vascular scaffold, we developed a suitable intima layer scaffold for endothelialization using novel human-like collagen/hyaluronic acid composite at different mass ratios of 40/1, 20/1 and 10/1 (HLC to HA) by freeze-drying process. 24268274 1 41 theme intima 206:211 arg1 scaffold 219:226 a suitable intima layer scaffold 195:226 a suitable intima layer scaffold for endothelialization 195:249 Following the previous work of media layer and adventitia layer construction for vascular scaffold, we developed a suitable intima layer scaffold for endothelialization using novel human-like collagen/hyaluronic acid composite at different mass ratios of 40/1, 20/1 and 10/1 (HLC to HA) by freeze-drying process. 24268274 2 42 theme HLC/HA 480:485 arg1 scaffold 487:494 the vascular HLC/HA scaffold 467:494 the vascular HLC/HA scaffold 467:494 The structure, mechanical strength, degradation and biocompatibility of the vascular HLC/HA scaffold were evaluated. 24268274 4 43 theme luminal 1011:1017 arg1 scaffold 1028:1035 luminal vascular scaffold 1011:1035 luminal vascular scaffold in the tissue engineering 1011:1061 This study suggests that the 10/1 HLC/HA composite has a broad prospect of application as luminal vascular scaffold in the tissue engineering. 24268274 3 44 from 37°C 870:873 arg1 45days 860:865 45days 860:865 45days at 37°C 860:873 The results showed that the 10/1 HLC/HA composited an optimal scaffold with (1) an interconnected porous network with a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3%, (2) better mechanical properties with higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility. 24268274 3 45 dep biocompatibility 903:918 arg1 4 890:890 4 890:890 4 890:890 The results showed that the 10/1 HLC/HA composited an optimal scaffold with (1) an interconnected porous network with a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3%, (2) better mechanical properties with higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility. 24268274 1 46 theme layer 213:217 arg1 scaffold 219:226 a suitable intima layer scaffold 195:226 a suitable intima layer scaffold for endothelialization 195:249 Following the previous work of media layer and adventitia layer construction for vascular scaffold, we developed a suitable intima layer scaffold for endothelialization using novel human-like collagen/hyaluronic acid composite at different mass ratios of 40/1, 20/1 and 10/1 (HLC to HA) by freeze-drying process. 24268274 2 47 theme vascular 471:478 arg1 scaffold 487:494 the vascular HLC/HA scaffold 467:494 the vascular HLC/HA scaffold 467:494 The structure, mechanical strength, degradation and biocompatibility of the vascular HLC/HA scaffold were evaluated. 24268274 2 48 dep structure 399:407 arg1 The 395:397 The 395:397 The 395:397 The structure, mechanical strength, degradation and biocompatibility of the vascular HLC/HA scaffold were evaluated. 24268274 1 49 dep HA 365:366 arg1 to 362:363 to 362:363 to 362:363 Following the previous work of media layer and adventitia layer construction for vascular scaffold, we developed a suitable intima layer scaffold for endothelialization using novel human-like collagen/hyaluronic acid composite at different mass ratios of 40/1, 20/1 and 10/1 (HLC to HA) by freeze-drying process. 24268274 0 50 theme tissue 62:67 arg1 engineering 69:79 vascular tissue engineering 53:79 vascular tissue engineering 53:79 Human-like collagen/hyaluronic acid 3D scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering. 24268274 1 51 theme 40/1 337:340 arg1 ratios 327:332 different mass ratios 312:332 different mass ratios of 40/1, 20/1 and 10/1 (HLC to HA) by freeze-drying process 312:392 Following the previous work of media layer and adventitia layer construction for vascular scaffold, we developed a suitable intima layer scaffold for endothelialization using novel human-like collagen/hyaluronic acid composite at different mass ratios of 40/1, 20/1 and 10/1 (HLC to HA) by freeze-drying process. 24268274 3 52 theme pore 632:635 arg1 diameter 637:644 a pore diameter 630:644 a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3% 630:676 The results showed that the 10/1 HLC/HA composited an optimal scaffold with (1) an interconnected porous network with a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3%, (2) better mechanical properties with higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility. 24268274 3 53 from PBS 852:854 arg1 stress 724:729 higher stress 717:729 higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility 717:918 The results showed that the 10/1 HLC/HA composited an optimal scaffold with (1) an interconnected porous network with a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3%, (2) better mechanical properties with higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility. 24268274 3 54 dep % 820:820 arg1 9 819:819 9 819:819 9 819:819 The results showed that the 10/1 HLC/HA composited an optimal scaffold with (1) an interconnected porous network with a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3%, (2) better mechanical properties with higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility. 24268274 1 55 theme layer 119:123 arg1 work 105:108 the previous work 92:108 the previous work of media layer and adventitia layer construction 92:157 Following the previous work of media layer and adventitia layer construction for vascular scaffold, we developed a suitable intima layer scaffold for endothelialization using novel human-like collagen/hyaluronic acid composite at different mass ratios of 40/1, 20/1 and 10/1 (HLC to HA) by freeze-drying process. 24268274 0 56 theme vascular 53:60 arg1 engineering 69:79 vascular tissue engineering 53:79 vascular tissue engineering 53:79 Human-like collagen/hyaluronic acid 3D scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering. 24268274 3 57 dep network 617:623 arg1 1 589:589 1 589:589 1 589:589 The results showed that the 10/1 HLC/HA composited an optimal scaffold with (1) an interconnected porous network with a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3%, (2) better mechanical properties with higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility. 24268274 3 58 theme porosity 660:667 arg1 diameter 637:644 a pore diameter 630:644 a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3% 630:676 The results showed that the 10/1 HLC/HA composited an optimal scaffold with (1) an interconnected porous network with a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3%, (2) better mechanical properties with higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility. 24268274 3 59 dep degradation 822:832 arg1 % 820:820 % 820:820 % 820:820 The results showed that the 10/1 HLC/HA composited an optimal scaffold with (1) an interconnected porous network with a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3%, (2) better mechanical properties with higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility. 24268274 1 60 theme 20/1 343:346 arg1 ratios 327:332 different mass ratios 312:332 different mass ratios of 40/1, 20/1 and 10/1 (HLC to HA) by freeze-drying process 312:392 Following the previous work of media layer and adventitia layer construction for vascular scaffold, we developed a suitable intima layer scaffold for endothelialization using novel human-like collagen/hyaluronic acid composite at different mass ratios of 40/1, 20/1 and 10/1 (HLC to HA) by freeze-drying process. 24268274 1 61 theme adventitia 129:138 arg1 work 105:108 the previous work 92:108 the previous work of media layer and adventitia layer construction 92:157 Following the previous work of media layer and adventitia layer construction for vascular scaffold, we developed a suitable intima layer scaffold for endothelialization using novel human-like collagen/hyaluronic acid composite at different mass ratios of 40/1, 20/1 and 10/1 (HLC to HA) by freeze-drying process. 24268274 3 62 theme % 768:768 arg1 degradation 822:832 (3) only 9% degradation 810:832 (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro 810:882 The results showed that the 10/1 HLC/HA composited an optimal scaffold with (1) an interconnected porous network with a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3%, (2) better mechanical properties with higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility. 24268274 3 62 theme % 768:768 arg1 321.7±15kPa 734:744 321.7±15kPa 734:744 321.7±15kPa 734:744 The results showed that the 10/1 HLC/HA composited an optimal scaffold with (1) an interconnected porous network with a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3%, (2) better mechanical properties with higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility. 24268274 3 62 theme % 768:768 arg1 biocompatibility 903:918 (4) excellent biocompatibility 889:918 (4) excellent biocompatibility 889:918 The results showed that the 10/1 HLC/HA composited an optimal scaffold with (1) an interconnected porous network with a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3%, (2) better mechanical properties with higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility. 24268274 3 62 theme % 768:768 arg1 strain 750:755 strain 750:755 strain 750:755 The results showed that the 10/1 HLC/HA composited an optimal scaffold with (1) an interconnected porous network with a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3%, (2) better mechanical properties with higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility. 24268274 3 63 theme 321.7±15kPa 734:744 arg1 stress 724:729 higher stress 717:729 higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility 717:918 The results showed that the 10/1 HLC/HA composited an optimal scaffold with (1) an interconnected porous network with a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3%, (2) better mechanical properties with higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility. 24268274 3 64 theme 12±2μm 649:654 arg1 diameter 637:644 a pore diameter 630:644 a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3% 630:676 The results showed that the 10/1 HLC/HA composited an optimal scaffold with (1) an interconnected porous network with a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3%, (2) better mechanical properties with higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility. 24268274 4 65 theme tissue 1044:1049 arg1 engineering 1051:1061 the tissue engineering 1040:1061 the tissue engineering 1040:1061 This study suggests that the 10/1 HLC/HA composite has a broad prospect of application as luminal vascular scaffold in the tissue engineering. 24268274 1 66 theme layer 140:144 arg1 construction 146:157 layer construction 140:157 layer construction 140:157 Following the previous work of media layer and adventitia layer construction for vascular scaffold, we developed a suitable intima layer scaffold for endothelialization using novel human-like collagen/hyaluronic acid composite at different mass ratios of 40/1, 20/1 and 10/1 (HLC to HA) by freeze-drying process. 24268274 3 67 theme pure 790:793 arg1 scaffolds 799:807 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds 775:807 scaffolds 799:807 The results showed that the 10/1 HLC/HA composited an optimal scaffold with (1) an interconnected porous network with a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3%, (2) better mechanical properties with higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility. 24268274 4 68 theme application 996:1006 arg1 prospect 984:991 a broad prospect 976:991 a broad prospect of application 976:1006 This study suggests that the 10/1 HLC/HA composite has a broad prospect of application as luminal vascular scaffold in the tissue engineering. 24268274 4 69 theme 10/1 950:953 arg1 composite 962:970 the 10/1 HLC/HA composite 946:970 the 10/1 HLC/HA composite 946:970 This study suggests that the 10/1 HLC/HA composite has a broad prospect of application as luminal vascular scaffold in the tissue engineering. 24268274 3 70 theme interconnected 595:608 arg1 better 683:688 better 683:688 better 683:688 The results showed that the 10/1 HLC/HA composited an optimal scaffold with (1) an interconnected porous network with a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3%, (2) better mechanical properties with higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility. 24268274 3 70 theme interconnected 595:608 arg1 network 617:623 an interconnected porous network 592:623 (1) an interconnected porous network with a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3% 588:676 The results showed that the 10/1 HLC/HA composited an optimal scaffold with (1) an interconnected porous network with a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3%, (2) better mechanical properties with higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility. 24268274 3 71 theme HLC 795:797 arg1 scaffolds 799:807 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds 775:807 scaffolds 799:807 The results showed that the 10/1 HLC/HA composited an optimal scaffold with (1) an interconnected porous network with a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3%, (2) better mechanical properties with higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility. 24268274 3 72 theme 40/1 775:778 arg1 scaffolds 799:807 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds 775:807 scaffolds 799:807 The results showed that the 10/1 HLC/HA composited an optimal scaffold with (1) an interconnected porous network with a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3%, (2) better mechanical properties with higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility. 24268274 3 73 theme porous 610:615 arg1 better 683:688 better 683:688 better 683:688 The results showed that the 10/1 HLC/HA composited an optimal scaffold with (1) an interconnected porous network with a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3%, (2) better mechanical properties with higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility. 24268274 3 73 theme porous 610:615 arg1 network 617:623 an interconnected porous network 592:623 (1) an interconnected porous network with a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3% 588:676 The results showed that the 10/1 HLC/HA composited an optimal scaffold with (1) an interconnected porous network with a pore diameter of 12±2μm and porosity of 89.3%, (2) better mechanical properties with higher stress of 321.7±15kPa and strain of 45.5±0.2% than 40/1, 20/1 and pure HLC scaffolds, (3) only 9% degradation upon immersion in PBS for 45days at 37°C in vitro, and (4) excellent biocompatibility. 24268274 1 74 theme novel 257:261 arg1 composite 299:307 novel human-like collagen/hyaluronic acid composite 257:307 novel human-like collagen/hyaluronic acid composite 257:307 Following the previous work of media layer and adventitia layer construction for vascular scaffold, we developed a suitable intima layer scaffold for endothelialization using novel human-like collagen/hyaluronic acid composite at different mass ratios of 40/1, 20/1 and 10/1 (HLC to HA) by freeze-drying process. 26586192 3 0 theme matrix 507:512 arg1 exopolysaccharides 448:465 exopolysaccharides 448:465 exopolysaccharides (EPOLs) 448:473 Although exopolysaccharides (EPOLs) are important components of the matrix, determination of their structure is usually performed on samples produced in non-biofilm conditions, or indirectly through genetic studies. 26586192 3 0 theme matrix 507:512 arg1 components 489:498 important components 479:498 important components of the matrix 479:512 Although exopolysaccharides (EPOLs) are important components of the matrix, determination of their structure is usually performed on samples produced in non-biofilm conditions, or indirectly through genetic studies. 26586192 7 1 theme significant 1469:1479 arg1 production 1489:1498 significant biofilm production 1469:1498 significant biofilm production 1469:1498 The results confirmed that the type of EPOLs biosynthesized depends both on the medium used and on the type of support, and showed that mucoid conditions do not always lead to significant biofilm production, while bacteria in a non-mucoid state can still form biofilm containing EPOLs. 26586192 0 2 theme solid 70:74 arg1 influence 47:55 influence 47:55 influence of media and solid supports on composition of matrix exopolysaccharides 47:127 Biofilms produced by Burkholderia cenocepacia: influence of media and solid supports on composition of matrix exopolysaccharides. 26586192 6 3 theme phase-contrast 1238:1251 arg1 microscopy 1253:1262 phase-contrast microscopy 1238:1262 phase-contrast microscopy 1238:1262 The structure of the matrix EPOLs was determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, while visualization of the biofilms on glass slides was obtained by means of confocal laser microscopy, phase-contrast microscopy and atomic force microscopy. 26586192 7 4 theme non-mucoid 1521:1530 arg1 state 1532:1536 a non-mucoid state 1519:1536 a non-mucoid state 1519:1536 The results confirmed that the type of EPOLs biosynthesized depends both on the medium used and on the type of support, and showed that mucoid conditions do not always lead to significant biofilm production, while bacteria in a non-mucoid state can still form biofilm containing EPOLs. 26586192 4 5 theme cystic 756:761 arg1 CF 773:774 CF 773:774 CF 773:774 Among the Burkholderia cepacia complex species, Burkholderia cenocepacia is an important pathogen in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and is generally more aggressive than other species. 26586192 4 5 theme cystic 756:761 arg1 fibrosis 763:770 cystic fibrosis 756:770 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients 756:784 Among the Burkholderia cepacia complex species, Burkholderia cenocepacia is an important pathogen in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and is generally more aggressive than other species. 26586192 6 6 from slides 1179:1184 arg1 visualization 1140:1152 visualization 1140:1152 visualization of the biofilms on glass slides 1140:1184 The structure of the matrix EPOLs was determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, while visualization of the biofilms on glass slides was obtained by means of confocal laser microscopy, phase-contrast microscopy and atomic force microscopy. 26586192 5 7 theme biofilm 924:930 arg1 mode 932:935 biofilm mode 924:935 biofilm mode 924:935 In the present investigation, B. cenocepacia strain BTS2, a CF isolate, was grown in biofilm mode on glass slides and cellulose membranes, using five growth media, one of which mimics the nutritional content of CF sputum. 26586192 6 8 theme 1H-NMR 1113:1118 arg1 spectroscopy 1120:1131 1H-NMR spectroscopy 1113:1131 1H-NMR spectroscopy 1113:1131 The structure of the matrix EPOLs was determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, while visualization of the biofilms on glass slides was obtained by means of confocal laser microscopy, phase-contrast microscopy and atomic force microscopy. 26586192 5 9 theme CF 899:900 arg1 isolate 902:908 a CF isolate 897:908 a CF isolate 897:908 In the present investigation, B. cenocepacia strain BTS2, a CF isolate, was grown in biofilm mode on glass slides and cellulose membranes, using five growth media, one of which mimics the nutritional content of CF sputum. 26586192 5 9 theme CF 899:900 arg1 BTS2 891:894 B. cenocepacia strain BTS2 869:894 B. cenocepacia strain BTS2 869:894 In the present investigation, B. cenocepacia strain BTS2, a CF isolate, was grown in biofilm mode on glass slides and cellulose membranes, using five growth media, one of which mimics the nutritional content of CF sputum. 26586192 6 10 from visualization 1140:1152 arg1 slides 1179:1184 glass slides 1173:1184 glass slides 1173:1184 The structure of the matrix EPOLs was determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, while visualization of the biofilms on glass slides was obtained by means of confocal laser microscopy, phase-contrast microscopy and atomic force microscopy. 26586192 0 11 theme matrix 103:108 arg1 exopolysaccharides 110:127 matrix exopolysaccharides 103:127 matrix exopolysaccharides 103:127 Biofilms produced by Burkholderia cenocepacia: influence of media and solid supports on composition of matrix exopolysaccharides. 26586192 0 12 from influence 47:55 arg1 composition 88:98 composition 88:98 composition of matrix exopolysaccharides 88:127 Biofilms produced by Burkholderia cenocepacia: influence of media and solid supports on composition of matrix exopolysaccharides. 26586192 6 13 theme laser 1220:1224 arg1 microscopy 1226:1235 confocal laser microscopy 1211:1235 confocal laser microscopy 1211:1235 The structure of the matrix EPOLs was determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, while visualization of the biofilms on glass slides was obtained by means of confocal laser microscopy, phase-contrast microscopy and atomic force microscopy. 26586192 5 14 theme present 846:852 arg1 investigation 854:866 the present investigation 842:866 the present investigation 842:866 In the present investigation, B. cenocepacia strain BTS2, a CF isolate, was grown in biofilm mode on glass slides and cellulose membranes, using five growth media, one of which mimics the nutritional content of CF sputum. 26586192 5 15 theme cellulose 957:965 arg1 membranes 967:975 cellulose membranes 957:975 cellulose membranes 957:975 In the present investigation, B. cenocepacia strain BTS2, a CF isolate, was grown in biofilm mode on glass slides and cellulose membranes, using five growth media, one of which mimics the nutritional content of CF sputum. 26586192 5 16 theme B. 869:870 arg1 isolate 902:908 a CF isolate 897:908 a CF isolate 897:908 In the present investigation, B. cenocepacia strain BTS2, a CF isolate, was grown in biofilm mode on glass slides and cellulose membranes, using five growth media, one of which mimics the nutritional content of CF sputum. 26586192 5 16 theme B. 869:870 arg1 BTS2 891:894 B. cenocepacia strain BTS2 869:894 B. cenocepacia strain BTS2 869:894 In the present investigation, B. cenocepacia strain BTS2, a CF isolate, was grown in biofilm mode on glass slides and cellulose membranes, using five growth media, one of which mimics the nutritional content of CF sputum. 26586192 6 17 theme confocal 1211:1218 arg1 microscopy 1226:1235 confocal laser microscopy 1211:1235 confocal laser microscopy 1211:1235 The structure of the matrix EPOLs was determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, while visualization of the biofilms on glass slides was obtained by means of confocal laser microscopy, phase-contrast microscopy and atomic force microscopy. 26586192 3 18 theme structure 538:546 arg1 determination 515:527 determination 515:527 determination of their structure 515:546 Although exopolysaccharides (EPOLs) are important components of the matrix, determination of their structure is usually performed on samples produced in non-biofilm conditions, or indirectly through genetic studies. 26586192 4 19 theme Burkholderia 665:676 arg1 species 694:700 the Burkholderia cepacia complex species 661:700 the Burkholderia cepacia complex species 661:700 Among the Burkholderia cepacia complex species, Burkholderia cenocepacia is an important pathogen in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and is generally more aggressive than other species. 26586192 7 20 theme support 1404:1410 arg1 type 1396:1399 the type 1392:1399 the type of support 1392:1410 The results confirmed that the type of EPOLs biosynthesized depends both on the medium used and on the type of support, and showed that mucoid conditions do not always lead to significant biofilm production, while bacteria in a non-mucoid state can still form biofilm containing EPOLs. 26586192 4 21 theme fibrosis 763:770 arg1 patients 777:784 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients 756:784 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients 756:784 Among the Burkholderia cepacia complex species, Burkholderia cenocepacia is an important pathogen in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and is generally more aggressive than other species. 26586192 6 22 theme force 1275:1279 arg1 microscopy 1281:1290 atomic force microscopy 1268:1290 atomic force microscopy 1268:1290 The structure of the matrix EPOLs was determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, while visualization of the biofilms on glass slides was obtained by means of confocal laser microscopy, phase-contrast microscopy and atomic force microscopy. 26586192 5 23 theme strain 884:889 arg1 isolate 902:908 a CF isolate 897:908 a CF isolate 897:908 In the present investigation, B. cenocepacia strain BTS2, a CF isolate, was grown in biofilm mode on glass slides and cellulose membranes, using five growth media, one of which mimics the nutritional content of CF sputum. 26586192 5 23 theme strain 884:889 arg1 BTS2 891:894 B. cenocepacia strain BTS2 869:894 B. cenocepacia strain BTS2 869:894 In the present investigation, B. cenocepacia strain BTS2, a CF isolate, was grown in biofilm mode on glass slides and cellulose membranes, using five growth media, one of which mimics the nutritional content of CF sputum. 26586192 1 24 theme complex 274:280 arg1 structure 300:308 a complex three-dimensional structure 272:308 a complex three-dimensional structure 272:308 Bacteria usually grow forming biofilms, which are communities of cells embedded in a self-produced dynamic polymeric matrix, characterized by a complex three-dimensional structure. 26586192 0 25 dep solid 70:74 arg1 supports 76:83 supports 76:83 supports 76:83 Biofilms produced by Burkholderia cenocepacia: influence of media and solid supports on composition of matrix exopolysaccharides. 26586192 4 26 theme complex 686:692 arg1 species 694:700 the Burkholderia cepacia complex species 661:700 the Burkholderia cepacia complex species 661:700 Among the Burkholderia cepacia complex species, Burkholderia cenocepacia is an important pathogen in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and is generally more aggressive than other species. 26586192 1 27 theme three-dimensional 282:298 arg1 structure 300:308 a complex three-dimensional structure 272:308 a complex three-dimensional structure 272:308 Bacteria usually grow forming biofilms, which are communities of cells embedded in a self-produced dynamic polymeric matrix, characterized by a complex three-dimensional structure. 26586192 2 28 theme other 423:427 arg1 surfaces 429:436 other surfaces 423:436 other surfaces 423:436 The matrix holds cells together and above a surface, and eventually releases them, resulting in colonization of other surfaces. 26586192 2 29 theme surfaces 429:436 arg1 colonization 407:418 colonization 407:418 colonization of other surfaces 407:436 The matrix holds cells together and above a surface, and eventually releases them, resulting in colonization of other surfaces. 26586192 0 30 theme exopolysaccharides 110:127 arg1 composition 88:98 composition 88:98 composition of matrix exopolysaccharides 88:127 Biofilms produced by Burkholderia cenocepacia: influence of media and solid supports on composition of matrix exopolysaccharides. 26586192 7 31 theme biofilm 1481:1487 arg1 production 1489:1498 significant biofilm production 1469:1498 significant biofilm production 1469:1498 The results confirmed that the type of EPOLs biosynthesized depends both on the medium used and on the type of support, and showed that mucoid conditions do not always lead to significant biofilm production, while bacteria in a non-mucoid state can still form biofilm containing EPOLs. 26586192 5 32 theme glass 940:944 arg1 slides 946:951 glass slides 940:951 glass slides 940:951 In the present investigation, B. cenocepacia strain BTS2, a CF isolate, was grown in biofilm mode on glass slides and cellulose membranes, using five growth media, one of which mimics the nutritional content of CF sputum. 26586192 1 33 theme embedded 201:208 arg1 cells 195:199 cells 195:199 cells embedded in a self-produced dynamic polymeric matrix, characterized by a complex three-dimensional structure 195:308 Bacteria usually grow forming biofilms, which are communities of cells embedded in a self-produced dynamic polymeric matrix, characterized by a complex three-dimensional structure. 26586192 7 34 from bacteria 1507:1514 arg1 state 1532:1536 a non-mucoid state 1519:1536 a non-mucoid state 1519:1536 The results confirmed that the type of EPOLs biosynthesized depends both on the medium used and on the type of support, and showed that mucoid conditions do not always lead to significant biofilm production, while bacteria in a non-mucoid state can still form biofilm containing EPOLs. 26586192 5 35 theme media 996:1000 arg1 one 1003:1005 one 1003:1005 one 1003:1005 In the present investigation, B. cenocepacia strain BTS2, a CF isolate, was grown in biofilm mode on glass slides and cellulose membranes, using five growth media, one of which mimics the nutritional content of CF sputum. 26586192 5 35 theme media 996:1000 arg1 media 996:1000 five growth media 984:1000 five growth media 984:1000 In the present investigation, B. cenocepacia strain BTS2, a CF isolate, was grown in biofilm mode on glass slides and cellulose membranes, using five growth media, one of which mimics the nutritional content of CF sputum. 26586192 7 36 theme biofilm 1553:1559 arg1 EPOLs 1572:1576 biofilm containing EPOLs 1553:1576 biofilm containing EPOLs 1553:1576 The results confirmed that the type of EPOLs biosynthesized depends both on the medium used and on the type of support, and showed that mucoid conditions do not always lead to significant biofilm production, while bacteria in a non-mucoid state can still form biofilm containing EPOLs. 26586192 5 37 theme CF 1050:1051 arg1 sputum 1053:1058 CF sputum 1050:1058 CF sputum 1050:1058 In the present investigation, B. cenocepacia strain BTS2, a CF isolate, was grown in biofilm mode on glass slides and cellulose membranes, using five growth media, one of which mimics the nutritional content of CF sputum. 26586192 4 38 theme other 824:828 arg1 species 830:836 other species 824:836 other species 824:836 Among the Burkholderia cepacia complex species, Burkholderia cenocepacia is an important pathogen in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and is generally more aggressive than other species. 26586192 7 39 theme containing 1561:1570 arg1 EPOLs 1572:1576 biofilm containing EPOLs 1553:1576 biofilm containing EPOLs 1553:1576 The results confirmed that the type of EPOLs biosynthesized depends both on the medium used and on the type of support, and showed that mucoid conditions do not always lead to significant biofilm production, while bacteria in a non-mucoid state can still form biofilm containing EPOLs. 26586192 5 40 theme sputum 1053:1058 arg1 content 1039:1045 the nutritional content 1023:1045 the nutritional content of CF sputum 1023:1058 In the present investigation, B. cenocepacia strain BTS2, a CF isolate, was grown in biofilm mode on glass slides and cellulose membranes, using five growth media, one of which mimics the nutritional content of CF sputum. 26586192 7 41 theme EPOLs 1332:1336 arg1 type 1324:1327 the type 1320:1327 the type of EPOLs biosynthesized 1320:1351 The results confirmed that the type of EPOLs biosynthesized depends both on the medium used and on the type of support, and showed that mucoid conditions do not always lead to significant biofilm production, while bacteria in a non-mucoid state can still form biofilm containing EPOLs. 26586192 6 42 theme matrix 1082:1087 arg1 EPOLs 1089:1093 the matrix EPOLs 1078:1093 the matrix EPOLs 1078:1093 The structure of the matrix EPOLs was determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, while visualization of the biofilms on glass slides was obtained by means of confocal laser microscopy, phase-contrast microscopy and atomic force microscopy. 26586192 4 43 theme important 734:742 arg1 cenocepacia 716:726 Burkholderia cenocepacia 703:726 Burkholderia cenocepacia 703:726 Among the Burkholderia cepacia complex species, Burkholderia cenocepacia is an important pathogen in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and is generally more aggressive than other species. 26586192 4 43 theme important 734:742 arg1 pathogen 744:751 an important pathogen 731:751 an important pathogen in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients 731:784 Among the Burkholderia cepacia complex species, Burkholderia cenocepacia is an important pathogen in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and is generally more aggressive than other species. 26586192 1 44 from matrix 247:252 arg1 embedded 201:208 embedded 201:208 embedded 201:208 Bacteria usually grow forming biofilms, which are communities of cells embedded in a self-produced dynamic polymeric matrix, characterized by a complex three-dimensional structure. 26586192 3 45 theme non-biofilm 592:602 arg1 conditions 604:613 non-biofilm conditions 592:613 non-biofilm conditions 592:613 Although exopolysaccharides (EPOLs) are important components of the matrix, determination of their structure is usually performed on samples produced in non-biofilm conditions, or indirectly through genetic studies. 26586192 6 46 theme EPOLs 1089:1093 arg1 structure 1065:1073 The structure 1061:1073 The structure of the matrix EPOLs 1061:1093 The structure of the matrix EPOLs was determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, while visualization of the biofilms on glass slides was obtained by means of confocal laser microscopy, phase-contrast microscopy and atomic force microscopy. 26586192 5 47 theme growth 989:994 arg1 media 996:1000 five growth media 984:1000 five growth media 984:1000 In the present investigation, B. cenocepacia strain BTS2, a CF isolate, was grown in biofilm mode on glass slides and cellulose membranes, using five growth media, one of which mimics the nutritional content of CF sputum. 26586192 6 48 theme atomic 1268:1273 arg1 microscopy 1281:1290 atomic force microscopy 1268:1290 atomic force microscopy 1268:1290 The structure of the matrix EPOLs was determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, while visualization of the biofilms on glass slides was obtained by means of confocal laser microscopy, phase-contrast microscopy and atomic force microscopy. 26586192 6 49 theme glass 1173:1177 arg1 slides 1179:1184 glass slides 1173:1184 glass slides 1173:1184 The structure of the matrix EPOLs was determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, while visualization of the biofilms on glass slides was obtained by means of confocal laser microscopy, phase-contrast microscopy and atomic force microscopy. 26586192 1 50 from embedded 201:208 arg1 matrix 247:252 a self-produced dynamic polymeric matrix 213:252 a self-produced dynamic polymeric matrix 213:252 Bacteria usually grow forming biofilms, which are communities of cells embedded in a self-produced dynamic polymeric matrix, characterized by a complex three-dimensional structure. 26586192 3 51 theme important 479:487 arg1 exopolysaccharides 448:465 exopolysaccharides 448:465 exopolysaccharides (EPOLs) 448:473 Although exopolysaccharides (EPOLs) are important components of the matrix, determination of their structure is usually performed on samples produced in non-biofilm conditions, or indirectly through genetic studies. 26586192 3 51 theme important 479:487 arg1 components 489:498 important components 479:498 important components of the matrix 479:512 Although exopolysaccharides (EPOLs) are important components of the matrix, determination of their structure is usually performed on samples produced in non-biofilm conditions, or indirectly through genetic studies. 26586192 4 52 from pathogen 744:751 arg1 patients 777:784 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients 756:784 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients 756:784 Among the Burkholderia cepacia complex species, Burkholderia cenocepacia is an important pathogen in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and is generally more aggressive than other species. 26586192 1 53 theme self-produced 215:227 arg1 matrix 247:252 a self-produced dynamic polymeric matrix 213:252 a self-produced dynamic polymeric matrix 213:252 Bacteria usually grow forming biofilms, which are communities of cells embedded in a self-produced dynamic polymeric matrix, characterized by a complex three-dimensional structure. 26586192 3 54 theme genetic 638:644 arg1 studies 646:652 genetic studies 638:652 genetic studies 638:652 Although exopolysaccharides (EPOLs) are important components of the matrix, determination of their structure is usually performed on samples produced in non-biofilm conditions, or indirectly through genetic studies. 26586192 1 55 theme dynamic 229:235 arg1 matrix 247:252 a self-produced dynamic polymeric matrix 213:252 a self-produced dynamic polymeric matrix 213:252 Bacteria usually grow forming biofilms, which are communities of cells embedded in a self-produced dynamic polymeric matrix, characterized by a complex three-dimensional structure. 26586192 5 56 theme nutritional 1027:1037 arg1 content 1039:1045 the nutritional content 1023:1045 the nutritional content of CF sputum 1023:1058 In the present investigation, B. cenocepacia strain BTS2, a CF isolate, was grown in biofilm mode on glass slides and cellulose membranes, using five growth media, one of which mimics the nutritional content of CF sputum. 26586192 6 57 theme biofilms 1161:1168 arg1 visualization 1140:1152 visualization 1140:1152 visualization of the biofilms on glass slides 1140:1184 The structure of the matrix EPOLs was determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, while visualization of the biofilms on glass slides was obtained by means of confocal laser microscopy, phase-contrast microscopy and atomic force microscopy. 26586192 1 58 theme cells 195:199 arg1 communities 180:190 communities 180:190 communities of cells embedded in a self-produced dynamic polymeric matrix, characterized by a complex three-dimensional structure 180:308 Bacteria usually grow forming biofilms, which are communities of cells embedded in a self-produced dynamic polymeric matrix, characterized by a complex three-dimensional structure. 26586192 1 58 theme cells 195:199 arg1 biofilms 160:167 biofilms 160:167 biofilms 160:167 Bacteria usually grow forming biofilms, which are communities of cells embedded in a self-produced dynamic polymeric matrix, characterized by a complex three-dimensional structure. 26586192 5 59 theme cenocepacia 872:882 arg1 isolate 902:908 a CF isolate 897:908 a CF isolate 897:908 In the present investigation, B. cenocepacia strain BTS2, a CF isolate, was grown in biofilm mode on glass slides and cellulose membranes, using five growth media, one of which mimics the nutritional content of CF sputum. 26586192 5 59 theme cenocepacia 872:882 arg1 BTS2 891:894 B. cenocepacia strain BTS2 869:894 B. cenocepacia strain BTS2 869:894 In the present investigation, B. cenocepacia strain BTS2, a CF isolate, was grown in biofilm mode on glass slides and cellulose membranes, using five growth media, one of which mimics the nutritional content of CF sputum. 26586192 1 60 theme polymeric 237:245 arg1 matrix 247:252 a self-produced dynamic polymeric matrix 213:252 a self-produced dynamic polymeric matrix 213:252 Bacteria usually grow forming biofilms, which are communities of cells embedded in a self-produced dynamic polymeric matrix, characterized by a complex three-dimensional structure. 26586192 0 61 theme media 60:64 arg1 influence 47:55 influence 47:55 influence of media and solid supports on composition of matrix exopolysaccharides 47:127 Biofilms produced by Burkholderia cenocepacia: influence of media and solid supports on composition of matrix exopolysaccharides. 26586192 7 62 theme mucoid 1429:1434 arg1 conditions 1436:1445 mucoid conditions 1429:1445 mucoid conditions 1429:1445 The results confirmed that the type of EPOLs biosynthesized depends both on the medium used and on the type of support, and showed that mucoid conditions do not always lead to significant biofilm production, while bacteria in a non-mucoid state can still form biofilm containing EPOLs. 26586192 4 63 dep Burkholderia 665:676 arg1 cepacia 678:684 cepacia 678:684 cepacia 678:684 Among the Burkholderia cepacia complex species, Burkholderia cenocepacia is an important pathogen in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and is generally more aggressive than other species. 26586192 6 64 from biofilms 1161:1168 arg1 slides 1179:1184 glass slides 1173:1184 glass slides 1173:1184 The structure of the matrix EPOLs was determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, while visualization of the biofilms on glass slides was obtained by means of confocal laser microscopy, phase-contrast microscopy and atomic force microscopy. 26586192 6 65 dep microscopy 1226:1235 arg1 means 1202:1206 means 1202:1206 means 1202:1206 The structure of the matrix EPOLs was determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, while visualization of the biofilms on glass slides was obtained by means of confocal laser microscopy, phase-contrast microscopy and atomic force microscopy. 26301404 5 0 theme significant 744:754 arg1 differences 756:766 no significant differences 741:766 no significant differences between the nutritional composition of controls and yoghurts supplemented with concentrations up to 0.1% w/w of COS 741:882 There were no significant differences between the nutritional composition of controls and yoghurts supplemented with concentrations up to 0.1% w/w of COS. 26301404 9 1 theme present 1371:1377 arg1 study 1379:1383 the present study 1367:1383 the present study 1367:1383 Although the nutritional composition, fatty acids and viable counts were not significantly modified after COS supplementation, the present study shows that COS diminishes bacterial acidification at concentrations higher than 0.1%, thus limiting the amounts that could be added to yoghurt. 26301404 6 2 theme yoghurt 970:976 arg1 formation 957:965 the formation 953:965 the formation of yoghurt 953:976 However, the acidification of milk decreased at 0.5% (p < 0.05) and the formation of yoghurt failed at 3.0%, without affecting viable counts. 26301404 4 3 from effects 516:522 arg1 composition 543:553 chemical composition 534:553 chemical composition 534:553 In order to study the interaction with yoghurts as a model of fermented food, the effects of COS on chemical composition, viability, morphology and metabolism of lactic acid bacteria, fatty acid profiles and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) were assessed over 28 days and after chemical digestion. 26301404 9 4 theme nutritional 1253:1263 arg1 composition 1265:1275 the nutritional composition 1249:1275 the nutritional composition 1249:1275 Although the nutritional composition, fatty acids and viable counts were not significantly modified after COS supplementation, the present study shows that COS diminishes bacterial acidification at concentrations higher than 0.1%, thus limiting the amounts that could be added to yoghurt. 26301404 7 5 theme yoghurts 1047:1054 arg1 hydrolysis 1033:1042 Lipid hydrolysis 1027:1042 Lipid hydrolysis of yoghurts supplemented with 0.1% COS 1027:1081 Lipid hydrolysis of yoghurts supplemented with 0.1% COS was not affected by chemical digestion. 26301404 4 6 theme lactic 596:601 arg1 bacteria 608:615 lactic acid bacteria 596:615 lactic acid bacteria 596:615 In order to study the interaction with yoghurts as a model of fermented food, the effects of COS on chemical composition, viability, morphology and metabolism of lactic acid bacteria, fatty acid profiles and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) were assessed over 28 days and after chemical digestion. 26301404 3 7 theme fermented 368:376 arg1 foods 378:382 fermented foods 368:382 fermented foods 368:382 Notwithstanding, the use of COS in fermented foods would be limited by its antimicrobial properties. 26301404 8 8 theme supplemented 1201:1212 arg1 yoghurts 1214:1221 supplemented yoghurts 1201:1221 supplemented yoghurts after digestion 1201:1237 No significant differences were found between CLA percentages of controls and supplemented yoghurts after digestion. 26301404 8 9 theme significant 1126:1136 arg1 differences 1138:1148 No significant differences 1123:1148 No significant differences 1123:1148 No significant differences were found between CLA percentages of controls and supplemented yoghurts after digestion. 26301404 4 10 theme food 506:509 arg1 model 487:491 a model 485:491 a model of fermented food 485:509 In order to study the interaction with yoghurts as a model of fermented food, the effects of COS on chemical composition, viability, morphology and metabolism of lactic acid bacteria, fatty acid profiles and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) were assessed over 28 days and after chemical digestion. 26301404 2 11 theme dairy 303:307 arg1 products 309:316 dairy products 303:316 dairy products 303:316 Similar to dietary supplements, prebiotics and biopreservatives, these water-soluble bioactives are easily incorporated into dairy products and beverages. 26301404 4 12 theme linoleic 653:660 arg1 acid 662:665 conjugated linoleic acid 642:665 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) 642:671 In order to study the interaction with yoghurts as a model of fermented food, the effects of COS on chemical composition, viability, morphology and metabolism of lactic acid bacteria, fatty acid profiles and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) were assessed over 28 days and after chemical digestion. 26301404 4 12 theme linoleic 653:660 arg1 CLA 668:670 CLA 668:670 CLA 668:670 In order to study the interaction with yoghurts as a model of fermented food, the effects of COS on chemical composition, viability, morphology and metabolism of lactic acid bacteria, fatty acid profiles and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) were assessed over 28 days and after chemical digestion. 26301404 7 13 theme chemical 1103:1110 arg1 digestion 1112:1120 chemical digestion 1103:1120 chemical digestion 1103:1120 Lipid hydrolysis of yoghurts supplemented with 0.1% COS was not affected by chemical digestion. 26301404 4 14 theme fermented 496:504 arg1 food 506:509 fermented food 496:509 fermented food 496:509 In order to study the interaction with yoghurts as a model of fermented food, the effects of COS on chemical composition, viability, morphology and metabolism of lactic acid bacteria, fatty acid profiles and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) were assessed over 28 days and after chemical digestion. 26301404 5 15 theme % 871:871 arg1 w/w 873:875 0.1% w/w 868:875 0.1% w/w of COS 868:882 There were no significant differences between the nutritional composition of controls and yoghurts supplemented with concentrations up to 0.1% w/w of COS. 26301404 3 16 theme antimicrobial 408:420 arg1 properties 422:431 its antimicrobial properties 404:431 its antimicrobial properties 404:431 Notwithstanding, the use of COS in fermented foods would be limited by its antimicrobial properties. 26301404 7 17 theme Lipid 1027:1031 arg1 hydrolysis 1033:1042 Lipid hydrolysis 1027:1042 Lipid hydrolysis of yoghurts supplemented with 0.1% COS 1027:1081 Lipid hydrolysis of yoghurts supplemented with 0.1% COS was not affected by chemical digestion. 26301404 4 18 theme chemical 710:717 arg1 digestion 719:727 chemical digestion 710:727 chemical digestion 710:727 In order to study the interaction with yoghurts as a model of fermented food, the effects of COS on chemical composition, viability, morphology and metabolism of lactic acid bacteria, fatty acid profiles and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) were assessed over 28 days and after chemical digestion. 26301404 7 19 theme 0.1 1074:1076 arg1 % 1077:1077 % 1077:1077 % 1077:1077 Lipid hydrolysis of yoghurts supplemented with 0.1% COS was not affected by chemical digestion. 26301404 5 20 theme controls 807:814 arg1 composition 792:802 the nutritional composition 776:802 the nutritional composition of controls and yoghurts supplemented with concentrations up to 0.1% w/w of COS 776:882 There were no significant differences between the nutritional composition of controls and yoghurts supplemented with concentrations up to 0.1% w/w of COS. 26301404 6 21 theme viable 1012:1017 arg1 counts 1019:1024 viable counts 1012:1024 viable counts 1012:1024 However, the acidification of milk decreased at 0.5% (p < 0.05) and the formation of yoghurt failed at 3.0%, without affecting viable counts. 26301404 4 22 with interaction 456:466 arg1 yoghurts 473:480 yoghurts 473:480 yoghurts as a model of fermented food 473:509 In order to study the interaction with yoghurts as a model of fermented food, the effects of COS on chemical composition, viability, morphology and metabolism of lactic acid bacteria, fatty acid profiles and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) were assessed over 28 days and after chemical digestion. 26301404 0 23 theme novel 25:29 arg1 ingredients 31:41 novel ingredients 25:41 novel ingredients of fermented foods 25:60 Chitooligosaccharides as novel ingredients of fermented foods. 26301404 4 24 theme acid 624:627 arg1 profiles 629:636 fatty acid profiles 618:636 fatty acid profiles 618:636 In order to study the interaction with yoghurts as a model of fermented food, the effects of COS on chemical composition, viability, morphology and metabolism of lactic acid bacteria, fatty acid profiles and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) were assessed over 28 days and after chemical digestion. 26301404 0 25 theme fermented 46:54 arg1 foods 56:60 fermented foods 46:60 fermented foods 46:60 Chitooligosaccharides as novel ingredients of fermented foods. 26301404 2 26 theme dietary 189:195 arg1 supplements 197:207 dietary supplements 189:207 dietary supplements 189:207 Similar to dietary supplements, prebiotics and biopreservatives, these water-soluble bioactives are easily incorporated into dairy products and beverages. 26301404 8 27 theme controls 1188:1195 arg1 yoghurts 1214:1221 supplemented yoghurts 1201:1221 supplemented yoghurts after digestion 1201:1237 No significant differences were found between CLA percentages of controls and supplemented yoghurts after digestion. 26301404 8 27 theme controls 1188:1195 arg1 percentages 1173:1183 CLA percentages 1169:1183 CLA percentages of controls 1169:1195 No significant differences were found between CLA percentages of controls and supplemented yoghurts after digestion. 26301404 4 28 theme conjugated 642:651 arg1 acid 662:665 conjugated linoleic acid 642:665 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) 642:671 In order to study the interaction with yoghurts as a model of fermented food, the effects of COS on chemical composition, viability, morphology and metabolism of lactic acid bacteria, fatty acid profiles and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) were assessed over 28 days and after chemical digestion. 26301404 4 28 theme conjugated 642:651 arg1 CLA 668:670 CLA 668:670 CLA 668:670 In order to study the interaction with yoghurts as a model of fermented food, the effects of COS on chemical composition, viability, morphology and metabolism of lactic acid bacteria, fatty acid profiles and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) were assessed over 28 days and after chemical digestion. 26301404 2 29 theme water-soluble 249:261 arg1 bioactives 263:272 these water-soluble bioactives 243:272 these water-soluble bioactives 243:272 Similar to dietary supplements, prebiotics and biopreservatives, these water-soluble bioactives are easily incorporated into dairy products and beverages. 26301404 6 30 theme milk 915:918 arg1 acidification 898:910 the acidification 894:910 the acidification of milk 894:918 However, the acidification of milk decreased at 0.5% (p < 0.05) and the formation of yoghurt failed at 3.0%, without affecting viable counts. 26301404 5 31 theme nutritional 780:790 arg1 composition 792:802 the nutritional composition 776:802 the nutritional composition of controls and yoghurts supplemented with concentrations up to 0.1% w/w of COS 776:882 There were no significant differences between the nutritional composition of controls and yoghurts supplemented with concentrations up to 0.1% w/w of COS. 26301404 4 32 theme COS 527:529 arg1 interaction 456:466 the interaction 452:466 the interaction with yoghurts as a model of fermented food 452:509 In order to study the interaction with yoghurts as a model of fermented food, the effects of COS on chemical composition, viability, morphology and metabolism of lactic acid bacteria, fatty acid profiles and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) were assessed over 28 days and after chemical digestion. 26301404 4 32 theme COS 527:529 arg1 effects 516:522 the effects 512:522 the effects of COS on chemical composition 512:553 In order to study the interaction with yoghurts as a model of fermented food, the effects of COS on chemical composition, viability, morphology and metabolism of lactic acid bacteria, fatty acid profiles and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) were assessed over 28 days and after chemical digestion. 26301404 6 33 theme p 939:939 arg1 % 936:936 0.5% 933:936 0.5% (p < 0.05) 933:947 However, the acidification of milk decreased at 0.5% (p < 0.05) and the formation of yoghurt failed at 3.0%, without affecting viable counts. 26301404 6 33 theme p 939:939 arg1 < 941:941 p < 0.05 939:946 p < 0.05 939:946 However, the acidification of milk decreased at 0.5% (p < 0.05) and the formation of yoghurt failed at 3.0%, without affecting viable counts. 26301404 9 34 theme higher 1453:1458 arg1 concentrations 1438:1451 concentrations 1438:1451 concentrations higher than 0.1% 1438:1468 Although the nutritional composition, fatty acids and viable counts were not significantly modified after COS supplementation, the present study shows that COS diminishes bacterial acidification at concentrations higher than 0.1%, thus limiting the amounts that could be added to yoghurt. 26301404 9 35 theme fatty 1278:1282 arg1 acids 1284:1288 fatty acids 1278:1288 fatty acids 1278:1288 Although the nutritional composition, fatty acids and viable counts were not significantly modified after COS supplementation, the present study shows that COS diminishes bacterial acidification at concentrations higher than 0.1%, thus limiting the amounts that could be added to yoghurt. 26301404 0 36 theme foods 56:60 arg1 ingredients 31:41 novel ingredients 25:41 novel ingredients of fermented foods 25:60 Chitooligosaccharides as novel ingredients of fermented foods. 26301404 3 37 from use 354:356 arg1 foods 378:382 fermented foods 368:382 fermented foods 368:382 Notwithstanding, the use of COS in fermented foods would be limited by its antimicrobial properties. 26301404 4 38 theme chemical 534:541 arg1 composition 543:553 chemical composition 534:553 chemical composition 534:553 In order to study the interaction with yoghurts as a model of fermented food, the effects of COS on chemical composition, viability, morphology and metabolism of lactic acid bacteria, fatty acid profiles and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) were assessed over 28 days and after chemical digestion. 26301404 5 39 dep w/w 873:875 arg1 up 862:863 up 862:863 up 862:863 There were no significant differences between the nutritional composition of controls and yoghurts supplemented with concentrations up to 0.1% w/w of COS. 26301404 1 40 theme immunostimulating 133:149 arg1 effects 151:157 their immunostimulating effects 127:157 their immunostimulating effects after oral intake 127:175 Chitooligosaccharides (COSs) have been clinically evaluated for their immunostimulating effects after oral intake. 26301404 9 41 theme COS 1346:1348 arg1 supplementation 1350:1364 COS supplementation 1346:1364 COS supplementation 1346:1364 Although the nutritional composition, fatty acids and viable counts were not significantly modified after COS supplementation, the present study shows that COS diminishes bacterial acidification at concentrations higher than 0.1%, thus limiting the amounts that could be added to yoghurt. 26301404 4 42 theme bacteria 608:615 arg1 viability 556:564 viability 556:564 viability 556:564 In order to study the interaction with yoghurts as a model of fermented food, the effects of COS on chemical composition, viability, morphology and metabolism of lactic acid bacteria, fatty acid profiles and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) were assessed over 28 days and after chemical digestion. 26301404 4 42 theme bacteria 608:615 arg1 interaction 456:466 the interaction 452:466 the interaction with yoghurts as a model of fermented food 452:509 In order to study the interaction with yoghurts as a model of fermented food, the effects of COS on chemical composition, viability, morphology and metabolism of lactic acid bacteria, fatty acid profiles and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) were assessed over 28 days and after chemical digestion. 26301404 4 42 theme bacteria 608:615 arg1 metabolism 582:591 metabolism 582:591 metabolism 582:591 In order to study the interaction with yoghurts as a model of fermented food, the effects of COS on chemical composition, viability, morphology and metabolism of lactic acid bacteria, fatty acid profiles and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) were assessed over 28 days and after chemical digestion. 26301404 4 42 theme bacteria 608:615 arg1 morphology 567:576 morphology 567:576 morphology 567:576 In order to study the interaction with yoghurts as a model of fermented food, the effects of COS on chemical composition, viability, morphology and metabolism of lactic acid bacteria, fatty acid profiles and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) were assessed over 28 days and after chemical digestion. 26301404 9 43 theme viable 1294:1299 arg1 counts 1301:1306 viable counts 1294:1306 viable counts 1294:1306 Although the nutritional composition, fatty acids and viable counts were not significantly modified after COS supplementation, the present study shows that COS diminishes bacterial acidification at concentrations higher than 0.1%, thus limiting the amounts that could be added to yoghurt. 26301404 5 44 theme COS 880:882 arg1 w/w 873:875 0.1% w/w 868:875 0.1% w/w of COS 868:882 There were no significant differences between the nutritional composition of controls and yoghurts supplemented with concentrations up to 0.1% w/w of COS. 26301404 8 45 theme CLA 1169:1171 arg1 percentages 1173:1183 CLA percentages 1169:1183 CLA percentages of controls 1169:1195 No significant differences were found between CLA percentages of controls and supplemented yoghurts after digestion. 26301404 4 46 theme acid 603:606 arg1 bacteria 608:615 lactic acid bacteria 596:615 lactic acid bacteria 596:615 In order to study the interaction with yoghurts as a model of fermented food, the effects of COS on chemical composition, viability, morphology and metabolism of lactic acid bacteria, fatty acid profiles and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) were assessed over 28 days and after chemical digestion. 26301404 3 47 theme COS 361:363 arg1 use 354:356 the use 350:356 the use of COS in fermented foods 350:382 Notwithstanding, the use of COS in fermented foods would be limited by its antimicrobial properties. 26301404 5 48 theme 0.1 868:870 arg1 % 871:871 % 871:871 % 871:871 There were no significant differences between the nutritional composition of controls and yoghurts supplemented with concentrations up to 0.1% w/w of COS. 26301404 4 49 theme fatty 618:622 arg1 profiles 629:636 fatty acid profiles 618:636 fatty acid profiles 618:636 In order to study the interaction with yoghurts as a model of fermented food, the effects of COS on chemical composition, viability, morphology and metabolism of lactic acid bacteria, fatty acid profiles and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) were assessed over 28 days and after chemical digestion. 26301404 7 50 theme % 1077:1077 arg1 COS 1079:1081 0.1% COS 1074:1081 0.1% COS 1074:1081 Lipid hydrolysis of yoghurts supplemented with 0.1% COS was not affected by chemical digestion. 26301404 9 51 theme bacterial 1411:1419 arg1 acidification 1421:1433 bacterial acidification 1411:1433 bacterial acidification 1411:1433 Although the nutritional composition, fatty acids and viable counts were not significantly modified after COS supplementation, the present study shows that COS diminishes bacterial acidification at concentrations higher than 0.1%, thus limiting the amounts that could be added to yoghurt. 26301404 5 52 theme yoghurts 820:827 arg1 composition 792:802 the nutritional composition 776:802 the nutritional composition of controls and yoghurts supplemented with concentrations up to 0.1% w/w of COS 776:882 There were no significant differences between the nutritional composition of controls and yoghurts supplemented with concentrations up to 0.1% w/w of COS. 26301404 1 53 theme oral 165:168 arg1 intake 170:175 oral intake 165:175 oral intake 165:175 Chitooligosaccharides (COSs) have been clinically evaluated for their immunostimulating effects after oral intake. 25902650 7 0 theme correlation 819:829 arg1 coefficients 831:842 The correlation coefficients 815:842 The correlation coefficients of three kinds of carbohydrates 815:874 The correlation coefficients of three kinds of carbohydrates were over 0. 25902650 2 1 theme mobile 508:513 arg1 phase 515:519 the mobile phase 504:519 the mobile phase 504:519 The analysis was performed on a CarboPac™ 10 column (250 mm x 2 mm) with the gradient elution of NaOH-NaAc as the mobile phase. 25902650 1 2 theme pulsed 357:362 arg1 HPAEC-PAD 382:390 HPAEC-PAD 382:390 HPAEC-PAD 382:390 An analytical method for the determination of trehalose, maltose, and glucose in biotransformation samples was developed by using high performance anion exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed ampere detection (HPAEC-PAD). 25902650 1 2 theme pulsed 357:362 arg1 detection 371:379 pulsed ampere detection 357:379 pulsed ampere detection (HPAEC-PAD) 357:391 An analytical method for the determination of trehalose, maltose, and glucose in biotransformation samples was developed by using high performance anion exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed ampere detection (HPAEC-PAD). 25902650 6 3 theme working 757:763 arg1 curves 765:770 the working curves 753:770 the working curves 753:770 The linear ranges and the working curves were determined by using standard samples. 25902650 15 4 theme h 1221:1221 arg1 reaction 1207:1214 reaction 1207:1214 reaction of 8 h at 37 °C, pH 8 1207:1236 In biotransformation system, 50 IU trehalose synthase were added into 200 g/L maltose for reaction of 8 h at 37 °C, pH 8. 25902650 1 5 theme biotransformation 248:264 arg1 samples 266:272 biotransformation samples 248:272 biotransformation samples 248:272 An analytical method for the determination of trehalose, maltose, and glucose in biotransformation samples was developed by using high performance anion exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed ampere detection (HPAEC-PAD). 25902650 0 6 theme performance 94:104 arg1 chromatography 121:134 high performance anion exchange chromatography 89:134 high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed ampere detection 89:163 [Simultaneous analysis of trehalose, glucose and maltose in biotransformation samples by high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed ampere detection]. 25902650 1 7 theme ampere 364:369 arg1 HPAEC-PAD 382:390 HPAEC-PAD 382:390 HPAEC-PAD 382:390 An analytical method for the determination of trehalose, maltose, and glucose in biotransformation samples was developed by using high performance anion exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed ampere detection (HPAEC-PAD). 25902650 1 7 theme ampere 364:369 arg1 detection 371:379 pulsed ampere detection 357:379 pulsed ampere detection (HPAEC-PAD) 357:391 An analytical method for the determination of trehalose, maltose, and glucose in biotransformation samples was developed by using high performance anion exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed ampere detection (HPAEC-PAD). 25902650 20 8 theme convenience 1522:1532 arg1 advantages 1493:1502 the advantages 1489:1502 the advantages of simplicity and convenience 1489:1532 The method can be applied to determine the composition in the transformation system with the advantages of simplicity and convenience. 25902650 15 9 theme IU 1149:1150 arg1 synthase 1162:1169 50 IU trehalose synthase 1146:1169 50 IU trehalose synthase 1146:1169 In biotransformation system, 50 IU trehalose synthase were added into 200 g/L maltose for reaction of 8 h at 37 °C, pH 8. 25902650 3 10 theme column 526:531 arg1 temperature 533:543 The column temperature 522:543 The column temperature 522:543 The column temperature was set at 30 °C, the flow rate was 0. 25902650 5 11 from maltose 630:636 arg1 system 672:677 biotransformation system 654:677 biotransformation system 654:677 The results showed that trehalose, maltose, and glucose in biotransformation system were completely separated and determined in 15 min. 25902650 0 12 theme high 89:92 arg1 chromatography 121:134 high performance anion exchange chromatography 89:134 high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed ampere detection 89:163 [Simultaneous analysis of trehalose, glucose and maltose in biotransformation samples by high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed ampere detection]. 25902650 0 13 from maltose 49:55 arg1 samples 78:84 biotransformation samples 60:84 biotransformation samples 60:84 [Simultaneous analysis of trehalose, glucose and maltose in biotransformation samples by high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed ampere detection]. 25902650 6 14 theme linear 735:740 arg1 ranges 742:747 The linear ranges 731:747 The linear ranges 731:747 The linear ranges and the working curves were determined by using standard samples. 25902650 18 15 theme trehalose 1374:1382 arg1 rate 1366:1369 the conversion rate 1351:1369 the conversion rate of trehalose 1351:1382 084 g/L, and the conversion rate of trehalose reached 50. 25902650 18 15 theme trehalose 1374:1382 arg1 g/L 1342:1344 084 g/L 1338:1344 084 g/L 1338:1344 084 g/L, and the conversion rate of trehalose reached 50. 25902650 12 16 from saccharides 1012:1022 arg1 system 1046:1051 the transformation system 1027:1051 the transformation system 1027:1051 Under the optimized separation conditions, the recoveries of saccharides in the transformation system at three different spiked levels ranged from 89. 25902650 0 17 theme exchange 112:119 arg1 chromatography 121:134 high performance anion exchange chromatography 89:134 high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed ampere detection 89:163 [Simultaneous analysis of trehalose, glucose and maltose in biotransformation samples by high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed ampere detection]. 25902650 12 18 from levels 1079:1084 arg1 recoveries 998:1007 the recoveries 994:1007 the recoveries of saccharides in the transformation system at three different spiked levels 994:1084 Under the optimized separation conditions, the recoveries of saccharides in the transformation system at three different spiked levels ranged from 89. 25902650 1 19 theme analytical 170:179 arg1 method 181:186 An analytical method 167:186 An analytical method for the determination of trehalose, maltose, and glucose in biotransformation samples 167:272 An analytical method for the determination of trehalose, maltose, and glucose in biotransformation samples was developed by using high performance anion exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed ampere detection (HPAEC-PAD). 25902650 0 20 theme anion 106:110 arg1 chromatography 121:134 high performance anion exchange chromatography 89:134 high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed ampere detection 89:163 [Simultaneous analysis of trehalose, glucose and maltose in biotransformation samples by high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed ampere detection]. 25902650 0 21 from glucose 37:43 arg1 samples 78:84 biotransformation samples 60:84 biotransformation samples 60:84 [Simultaneous analysis of trehalose, glucose and maltose in biotransformation samples by high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed ampere detection]. 25902650 15 22 from °C 1229:1230 arg1 reaction 1207:1214 reaction 1207:1214 reaction of 8 h at 37 °C, pH 8 1207:1236 In biotransformation system, 50 IU trehalose synthase were added into 200 g/L maltose for reaction of 8 h at 37 °C, pH 8. 25902650 9 23 theme detection 900:908 arg1 limits 910:915 The detection limits 896:915 The detection limits (LODs) 896:922 The detection limits (LODs) were 0. 25902650 9 23 theme detection 900:908 arg1 LODs 918:921 LODs 918:921 LODs 918:921 The detection limits (LODs) were 0. 25902650 9 23 theme detection 900:908 arg1 0 929:929 0 929:929 0 929:929 The detection limits (LODs) were 0. 25902650 13 24 dep % 1103:1103 arg1 103 1108:1110 103 1108:1110 103 1108:1110 4% to 103. 25902650 12 25 theme separation 971:980 arg1 conditions 982:991 the optimized separation conditions 957:991 the optimized separation conditions 957:991 Under the optimized separation conditions, the recoveries of saccharides in the transformation system at three different spiked levels ranged from 89. 25902650 2 26 theme gradient 471:478 arg1 elution 480:486 the gradient elution 467:486 the gradient elution of NaOH-NaAc as the mobile phase 467:519 The analysis was performed on a CarboPac™ 10 column (250 mm x 2 mm) with the gradient elution of NaOH-NaAc as the mobile phase. 25902650 17 27 theme above 1252:1256 arg1 conditions 1258:1267 the above conditions 1248:1267 the above conditions 1248:1267 Under the above conditions, the concentration of trehalose in biotransformation sample was 101. 25902650 20 28 from composition 1443:1453 arg1 system 1477:1482 the transformation system 1458:1482 the transformation system 1458:1482 The method can be applied to determine the composition in the transformation system with the advantages of simplicity and convenience. 25902650 0 29 theme [Simultaneous 0:12 arg1 analysis 14:21 [Simultaneous analysis 0:21 [Simultaneous analysis of trehalose 0:34 [Simultaneous analysis of trehalose, glucose and maltose in biotransformation samples by high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed ampere detection]. 25902650 12 30 theme optimized 961:969 arg1 conditions 982:991 the optimized separation conditions 957:991 the optimized separation conditions 957:991 Under the optimized separation conditions, the recoveries of saccharides in the transformation system at three different spiked levels ranged from 89. 25902650 18 31 theme conversion 1355:1364 arg1 rate 1366:1369 the conversion rate 1351:1369 the conversion rate of trehalose 1351:1382 084 g/L, and the conversion rate of trehalose reached 50. 25902650 12 32 from recoveries 998:1007 arg1 system 1046:1051 the transformation system 1027:1051 the transformation system 1027:1051 Under the optimized separation conditions, the recoveries of saccharides in the transformation system at three different spiked levels ranged from 89. 25902650 0 33 theme trehalose 26:34 arg1 analysis 14:21 [Simultaneous analysis 0:21 [Simultaneous analysis of trehalose 0:34 [Simultaneous analysis of trehalose, glucose and maltose in biotransformation samples by high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed ampere detection]. 25902650 15 34 theme biotransformation 1120:1136 arg1 system 1138:1143 biotransformation system 1120:1143 biotransformation system 1120:1143 In biotransformation system, 50 IU trehalose synthase were added into 200 g/L maltose for reaction of 8 h at 37 °C, pH 8. 25902650 1 35 from samples 266:272 arg1 determination 196:208 the determination 192:208 the determination of trehalose, maltose, and glucose in biotransformation samples 192:272 An analytical method for the determination of trehalose, maltose, and glucose in biotransformation samples was developed by using high performance anion exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed ampere detection (HPAEC-PAD). 25902650 7 36 theme carbohydrates 862:874 arg1 kinds 853:857 three kinds 847:857 three kinds of carbohydrates 847:874 The correlation coefficients of three kinds of carbohydrates were over 0. 25902650 2 37 theme CarboPac™ 426:434 arg1 column 439:444 a CarboPac™ 10 column 424:444 a CarboPac™ 10 column (250 mm x 2 mm) 424:460 The analysis was performed on a CarboPac™ 10 column (250 mm x 2 mm) with the gradient elution of NaOH-NaAc as the mobile phase. 25902650 2 37 theme CarboPac™ 426:434 arg1 mm 458:459 250 mm x 2 mm 447:459 250 mm x 2 mm 447:459 The analysis was performed on a CarboPac™ 10 column (250 mm x 2 mm) with the gradient elution of NaOH-NaAc as the mobile phase. 25902650 20 38 with composition 1443:1453 arg1 advantages 1493:1502 the advantages 1489:1502 the advantages of simplicity and convenience 1489:1532 The method can be applied to determine the composition in the transformation system with the advantages of simplicity and convenience. 25902650 6 39 theme standard 797:804 arg1 samples 806:812 standard samples 797:812 standard samples 797:812 The linear ranges and the working curves were determined by using standard samples. 25902650 2 40 theme NaOH-NaAc 491:499 arg1 elution 480:486 the gradient elution 467:486 the gradient elution of NaOH-NaAc as the mobile phase 467:519 The analysis was performed on a CarboPac™ 10 column (250 mm x 2 mm) with the gradient elution of NaOH-NaAc as the mobile phase. 25902650 15 41 theme g/L 1191:1193 arg1 maltose 1195:1201 200 g/L maltose 1187:1201 200 g/L maltose 1187:1201 In biotransformation system, 50 IU trehalose synthase were added into 200 g/L maltose for reaction of 8 h at 37 °C, pH 8. 25902650 12 42 theme saccharides 1012:1022 arg1 recoveries 998:1007 the recoveries 994:1007 the recoveries of saccharides in the transformation system at three different spiked levels 994:1084 Under the optimized separation conditions, the recoveries of saccharides in the transformation system at three different spiked levels ranged from 89. 25902650 1 43 theme high 297:300 arg1 chromatography 329:342 high performance anion exchange chromatography 297:342 high performance anion exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed ampere detection (HPAEC-PAD) 297:391 An analytical method for the determination of trehalose, maltose, and glucose in biotransformation samples was developed by using high performance anion exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed ampere detection (HPAEC-PAD). 25902650 0 44 theme ampere 148:153 arg1 detection 155:163 pulsed ampere detection 141:163 pulsed ampere detection 141:163 [Simultaneous analysis of trehalose, glucose and maltose in biotransformation samples by high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed ampere detection]. 25902650 12 45 theme transformation 1031:1044 arg1 system 1046:1051 the transformation system 1027:1051 the transformation system 1027:1051 Under the optimized separation conditions, the recoveries of saccharides in the transformation system at three different spiked levels ranged from 89. 25902650 1 46 theme trehalose 213:221 arg1 determination 196:208 the determination 192:208 the determination of trehalose, maltose, and glucose in biotransformation samples 192:272 An analytical method for the determination of trehalose, maltose, and glucose in biotransformation samples was developed by using high performance anion exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed ampere detection (HPAEC-PAD). 25902650 1 47 theme performance 302:312 arg1 chromatography 329:342 high performance anion exchange chromatography 297:342 high performance anion exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed ampere detection (HPAEC-PAD) 297:391 An analytical method for the determination of trehalose, maltose, and glucose in biotransformation samples was developed by using high performance anion exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed ampere detection (HPAEC-PAD). 25902650 0 48 theme pulsed 141:146 arg1 detection 155:163 pulsed ampere detection 141:163 pulsed ampere detection 141:163 [Simultaneous analysis of trehalose, glucose and maltose in biotransformation samples by high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed ampere detection]. 25902650 5 49 theme biotransformation 654:670 arg1 system 672:677 biotransformation system 654:677 biotransformation system 654:677 The results showed that trehalose, maltose, and glucose in biotransformation system were completely separated and determined in 15 min. 25902650 18 50 theme 084 1338:1340 arg1 g/L 1342:1344 084 g/L 1338:1344 084 g/L 1338:1344 084 g/L, and the conversion rate of trehalose reached 50. 25902650 1 51 from trehalose 213:221 arg1 samples 266:272 biotransformation samples 248:272 biotransformation samples 248:272 An analytical method for the determination of trehalose, maltose, and glucose in biotransformation samples was developed by using high performance anion exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed ampere detection (HPAEC-PAD). 25902650 17 52 from concentration 1274:1286 arg1 sample 1322:1327 biotransformation sample 1304:1327 biotransformation sample 1304:1327 Under the above conditions, the concentration of trehalose in biotransformation sample was 101. 25902650 2 53 theme x 454:454 arg1 column 439:444 a CarboPac™ 10 column 424:444 a CarboPac™ 10 column (250 mm x 2 mm) 424:460 The analysis was performed on a CarboPac™ 10 column (250 mm x 2 mm) with the gradient elution of NaOH-NaAc as the mobile phase. 25902650 2 53 theme x 454:454 arg1 mm 458:459 250 mm x 2 mm 447:459 250 mm x 2 mm 447:459 The analysis was performed on a CarboPac™ 10 column (250 mm x 2 mm) with the gradient elution of NaOH-NaAc as the mobile phase. 25902650 1 54 theme anion 314:318 arg1 chromatography 329:342 high performance anion exchange chromatography 297:342 high performance anion exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed ampere detection (HPAEC-PAD) 297:391 An analytical method for the determination of trehalose, maltose, and glucose in biotransformation samples was developed by using high performance anion exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed ampere detection (HPAEC-PAD). 25902650 17 55 theme trehalose 1291:1299 arg1 101 1333:1335 101 1333:1335 101 1333:1335 Under the above conditions, the concentration of trehalose in biotransformation sample was 101. 25902650 17 55 theme trehalose 1291:1299 arg1 concentration 1274:1286 the concentration 1270:1286 the concentration of trehalose in biotransformation sample 1270:1327 Under the above conditions, the concentration of trehalose in biotransformation sample was 101. 25902650 0 56 dep glucose 37:43 arg1 analysis 14:21 [Simultaneous analysis 0:21 [Simultaneous analysis of trehalose 0:34 [Simultaneous analysis of trehalose, glucose and maltose in biotransformation samples by high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed ampere detection]. 25902650 2 57 theme mm 451:452 arg1 column 439:444 a CarboPac™ 10 column 424:444 a CarboPac™ 10 column (250 mm x 2 mm) 424:460 The analysis was performed on a CarboPac™ 10 column (250 mm x 2 mm) with the gradient elution of NaOH-NaAc as the mobile phase. 25902650 2 57 theme mm 451:452 arg1 mm 458:459 250 mm x 2 mm 447:459 250 mm x 2 mm 447:459 The analysis was performed on a CarboPac™ 10 column (250 mm x 2 mm) with the gradient elution of NaOH-NaAc as the mobile phase. 25902650 1 58 theme exchange 320:327 arg1 chromatography 329:342 high performance anion exchange chromatography 297:342 high performance anion exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed ampere detection (HPAEC-PAD) 297:391 An analytical method for the determination of trehalose, maltose, and glucose in biotransformation samples was developed by using high performance anion exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed ampere detection (HPAEC-PAD). 25902650 1 59 from glucose 237:243 arg1 samples 266:272 biotransformation samples 248:272 biotransformation samples 248:272 An analytical method for the determination of trehalose, maltose, and glucose in biotransformation samples was developed by using high performance anion exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed ampere detection (HPAEC-PAD). 25902650 15 60 theme trehalose 1152:1160 arg1 synthase 1162:1169 50 IU trehalose synthase 1146:1169 50 IU trehalose synthase 1146:1169 In biotransformation system, 50 IU trehalose synthase were added into 200 g/L maltose for reaction of 8 h at 37 °C, pH 8. 25902650 1 61 from determination 196:208 arg1 samples 266:272 biotransformation samples 248:272 biotransformation samples 248:272 An analytical method for the determination of trehalose, maltose, and glucose in biotransformation samples was developed by using high performance anion exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed ampere detection (HPAEC-PAD). 25902650 12 62 from system 1046:1051 arg1 recoveries 998:1007 the recoveries 994:1007 the recoveries of saccharides in the transformation system at three different spiked levels 994:1084 Under the optimized separation conditions, the recoveries of saccharides in the transformation system at three different spiked levels ranged from 89. 25902650 12 63 theme spiked 1072:1077 arg1 levels 1079:1084 three different spiked levels 1056:1084 three different spiked levels 1056:1084 Under the optimized separation conditions, the recoveries of saccharides in the transformation system at three different spiked levels ranged from 89. 25902650 1 64 from maltose 224:230 arg1 samples 266:272 biotransformation samples 248:272 biotransformation samples 248:272 An analytical method for the determination of trehalose, maltose, and glucose in biotransformation samples was developed by using high performance anion exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed ampere detection (HPAEC-PAD). 25902650 17 65 theme biotransformation 1304:1320 arg1 sample 1322:1327 biotransformation sample 1304:1327 biotransformation sample 1304:1327 Under the above conditions, the concentration of trehalose in biotransformation sample was 101. 25902650 3 66 theme flow 567:570 arg1 °C 559:560 30 °C 556:560 30 °C 556:560 The column temperature was set at 30 °C, the flow rate was 0. 25902650 3 66 theme flow 567:570 arg1 rate 572:575 the flow rate 563:575 the flow rate was 0 563:581 The column temperature was set at 30 °C, the flow rate was 0. 25902650 20 67 theme transformation 1462:1475 arg1 system 1477:1482 the transformation system 1458:1482 the transformation system 1458:1482 The method can be applied to determine the composition in the transformation system with the advantages of simplicity and convenience. 25902650 7 68 theme kinds 853:857 arg1 coefficients 831:842 The correlation coefficients 815:842 The correlation coefficients of three kinds of carbohydrates 815:874 The correlation coefficients of three kinds of carbohydrates were over 0. 25902650 1 69 theme maltose 224:230 arg1 determination 196:208 the determination 192:208 the determination of trehalose, maltose, and glucose in biotransformation samples 192:272 An analytical method for the determination of trehalose, maltose, and glucose in biotransformation samples was developed by using high performance anion exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed ampere detection (HPAEC-PAD). 25902650 5 70 from glucose 643:649 arg1 system 672:677 biotransformation system 654:677 biotransformation system 654:677 The results showed that trehalose, maltose, and glucose in biotransformation system were completely separated and determined in 15 min. 25902650 15 71 theme 50 1146:1147 arg1 IU 1149:1150 IU 1149:1150 IU 1149:1150 In biotransformation system, 50 IU trehalose synthase were added into 200 g/L maltose for reaction of 8 h at 37 °C, pH 8. 25902650 0 72 theme biotransformation 60:76 arg1 samples 78:84 biotransformation samples 60:84 biotransformation samples 60:84 [Simultaneous analysis of trehalose, glucose and maltose in biotransformation samples by high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed ampere detection]. 25902650 20 73 theme simplicity 1507:1516 arg1 advantages 1493:1502 the advantages 1489:1502 the advantages of simplicity and convenience 1489:1532 The method can be applied to determine the composition in the transformation system with the advantages of simplicity and convenience. 25902650 12 74 theme different 1062:1070 arg1 levels 1079:1084 three different spiked levels 1056:1084 three different spiked levels 1056:1084 Under the optimized separation conditions, the recoveries of saccharides in the transformation system at three different spiked levels ranged from 89. 25902650 15 75 theme 200 1187:1189 arg1 g/L 1191:1193 g/L 1191:1193 g/L 1191:1193 In biotransformation system, 50 IU trehalose synthase were added into 200 g/L maltose for reaction of 8 h at 37 °C, pH 8. 25902650 0 76 with chromatography 121:134 arg1 detection 155:163 pulsed ampere detection 141:163 pulsed ampere detection 141:163 [Simultaneous analysis of trehalose, glucose and maltose in biotransformation samples by high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed ampere detection]. 25902650 10 77 dep 0 938:938 arg1 010 932:934 010 932:934 010 932:934 010 - 0. 25902650 5 78 from trehalose 619:627 arg1 system 672:677 biotransformation system 654:677 biotransformation system 654:677 The results showed that trehalose, maltose, and glucose in biotransformation system were completely separated and determined in 15 min. 25902650 1 79 theme glucose 237:243 arg1 determination 196:208 the determination 192:208 the determination of trehalose, maltose, and glucose in biotransformation samples 192:272 An analytical method for the determination of trehalose, maltose, and glucose in biotransformation samples was developed by using high performance anion exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed ampere detection (HPAEC-PAD). 29101870 6 0 theme primary 1066:1072 arg1 mechanism 1085:1093 the primary osteoblast mechanism 1062:1093 the primary osteoblast mechanism 1062:1093 The cellular responses and biocompatibility of HAp-PCL/CS nanofibrous scaffolds were investigated with human osteoblast (HOS) cells for tendon regeneration and examined the primary osteoblast mechanism by in vitro method. 29101870 2 1 theme biological 400:409 arg1 properties 411:420 significant mechanical and biological properties 373:420 significant mechanical and biological properties 373:420 Here, we establish a formation of novel nanofibrous matrix with significant mechanical and biological properties by electro-spinning process. 29101870 1 2 theme current 288:294 arg1 researchers 296:306 current researchers 288:306 current researchers 288:306 The development of tailored nanofibrous scaffolds for tendon and ligament tissue engineering has been a goal of clinical research for current researchers. 29101870 10 3 theme studied 1613:1619 arg1 results 1621:1627 these studied results 1607:1627 these studied results 1607:1627 Over all, these studied results confirmed that the prepared nanofibrous scaffolds will be effective biomaterial of tendon ligament regeneration applications. 29101870 6 4 theme scaffolds 963:971 arg1 biocompatibility 920:935 biocompatibility 920:935 biocompatibility of HAp-PCL/CS nanofibrous scaffolds 920:971 The cellular responses and biocompatibility of HAp-PCL/CS nanofibrous scaffolds were investigated with human osteoblast (HOS) cells for tendon regeneration and examined the primary osteoblast mechanism by in vitro method. 29101870 6 4 theme scaffolds 963:971 arg1 responses 906:914 The cellular responses 893:914 The cellular responses 893:914 The cellular responses and biocompatibility of HAp-PCL/CS nanofibrous scaffolds were investigated with human osteoblast (HOS) cells for tendon regeneration and examined the primary osteoblast mechanism by in vitro method. 29101870 8 5 theme HAp 1276:1278 arg1 scaffolds 1309:1317 The HAp dispersed PCL/CS nanofibrous scaffolds 1272:1317 The HAp dispersed PCL/CS nanofibrous scaffolds 1272:1317 The HAp dispersed PCL/CS nanofibrous scaffolds promoted higher adhesion and proliferation of HOS cells comparable to the nanofibrous scaffolds without HAp nanoparticles. 29101870 3 6 theme nanofibrous 578:588 arg1 matrix 590:595 the polycaprolactone/chitosan (HAp-PCL/CS) nanofibrous matrix 535:595 the polycaprolactone/chitosan (HAp-PCL/CS) nanofibrous matrix 535:595 The fine fibrous morphology of the nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HAp) dispersed in the polycaprolactone/chitosan (HAp-PCL/CS) nanofibrous matrix was exhibited by microscopic (SEM and TEM) techniques. 29101870 9 7 theme scaffold 1519:1526 arg1 that 1547:1550 that 1547:1550 that 1547:1550 The physic-chemical and biological properties of the synthesized nanofibrous scaffold were very close to that of normal ligament and tendon in human body. 29101870 9 7 theme scaffold 1519:1526 arg1 properties 1477:1486 The physic-chemical and biological properties 1442:1486 The physic-chemical and biological properties of the synthesized nanofibrous scaffold 1442:1526 The physic-chemical and biological properties of the synthesized nanofibrous scaffold were very close to that of normal ligament and tendon in human body. 29101870 0 8 theme ligament 131:138 arg1 regeneration 140:151 ligament regeneration 131:151 ligament regeneration 131:151 Enhanced biological properties of biomimetic apatite fabricated polycaprolactone/chitosan nanofibrous bio-composite for tendon and ligament regeneration. 29101870 6 9 theme nanofibrous 951:961 arg1 scaffolds 963:971 HAp-PCL/CS nanofibrous scaffolds 940:971 HAp-PCL/CS nanofibrous scaffolds 940:971 The cellular responses and biocompatibility of HAp-PCL/CS nanofibrous scaffolds were investigated with human osteoblast (HOS) cells for tendon regeneration and examined the primary osteoblast mechanism by in vitro method. 29101870 7 10 theme microscopic 1159:1169 arg1 fluorescence 1145:1156 fluorescence 1145:1156 fluorescence 1145:1156 The morphological (FE-SEM and fluorescence) microscopic images clearly exhibited that HOS cells are well attached and flatted on the nanofibrous composites. 29101870 7 10 theme microscopic 1159:1169 arg1 images 1171:1176 The morphological (FE-SEM and fluorescence) microscopic images 1115:1176 The morphological (FE-SEM and fluorescence) microscopic images 1115:1176 The morphological (FE-SEM and fluorescence) microscopic images clearly exhibited that HOS cells are well attached and flatted on the nanofibrous composites. 29101870 7 10 theme microscopic 1159:1169 arg1 FE-SEM 1134:1139 FE-SEM 1134:1139 FE-SEM 1134:1139 The morphological (FE-SEM and fluorescence) microscopic images clearly exhibited that HOS cells are well attached and flatted on the nanofibrous composites. 29101870 3 11 theme microscopic 614:624 arg1 techniques 640:649 microscopic (SEM and TEM) techniques 614:649 microscopic (SEM and TEM) techniques 614:649 The fine fibrous morphology of the nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HAp) dispersed in the polycaprolactone/chitosan (HAp-PCL/CS) nanofibrous matrix was exhibited by microscopic (SEM and TEM) techniques. 29101870 3 11 theme microscopic 614:624 arg1 TEM 635:637 TEM 635:637 TEM 635:637 The fine fibrous morphology of the nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HAp) dispersed in the polycaprolactone/chitosan (HAp-PCL/CS) nanofibrous matrix was exhibited by microscopic (SEM and TEM) techniques. 29101870 3 11 theme microscopic 614:624 arg1 SEM 627:629 SEM 627:629 SEM 627:629 The fine fibrous morphology of the nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HAp) dispersed in the polycaprolactone/chitosan (HAp-PCL/CS) nanofibrous matrix was exhibited by microscopic (SEM and TEM) techniques. 29101870 9 12 from ligament 1562:1569 arg1 body 1591:1594 human body 1585:1594 human body 1585:1594 The physic-chemical and biological properties of the synthesized nanofibrous scaffold were very close to that of normal ligament and tendon in human body. 29101870 3 13 theme fine 455:458 arg1 morphology 468:477 The fine fibrous morphology 451:477 The fine fibrous morphology of the nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HAp) dispersed in the polycaprolactone/chitosan (HAp-PCL/CS) nanofibrous matrix 451:595 The fine fibrous morphology of the nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HAp) dispersed in the polycaprolactone/chitosan (HAp-PCL/CS) nanofibrous matrix was exhibited by microscopic (SEM and TEM) techniques. 29101870 10 14 theme effective 1687:1695 arg1 biomaterial 1697:1707 effective biomaterial 1687:1707 effective biomaterial of tendon ligament regeneration applications 1687:1752 Over all, these studied results confirmed that the prepared nanofibrous scaffolds will be effective biomaterial of tendon ligament regeneration applications. 29101870 10 14 theme effective 1687:1695 arg1 scaffolds 1669:1677 the prepared nanofibrous scaffolds 1644:1677 the prepared nanofibrous scaffolds 1644:1677 Over all, these studied results confirmed that the prepared nanofibrous scaffolds will be effective biomaterial of tendon ligament regeneration applications. 29101870 6 15 theme HAp-PCL/CS 940:949 arg1 scaffolds 963:971 HAp-PCL/CS nanofibrous scaffolds 940:971 HAp-PCL/CS nanofibrous scaffolds 940:971 The cellular responses and biocompatibility of HAp-PCL/CS nanofibrous scaffolds were investigated with human osteoblast (HOS) cells for tendon regeneration and examined the primary osteoblast mechanism by in vitro method. 29101870 6 16 theme tendon 1029:1034 arg1 regeneration 1036:1047 tendon regeneration 1029:1047 tendon regeneration 1029:1047 The cellular responses and biocompatibility of HAp-PCL/CS nanofibrous scaffolds were investigated with human osteoblast (HOS) cells for tendon regeneration and examined the primary osteoblast mechanism by in vitro method. 29101870 10 17 theme tendon 1712:1717 arg1 applications 1741:1752 tendon ligament regeneration applications 1712:1752 tendon ligament regeneration applications 1712:1752 Over all, these studied results confirmed that the prepared nanofibrous scaffolds will be effective biomaterial of tendon ligament regeneration applications. 29101870 2 18 theme matrix 361:366 arg1 formation 330:338 a formation 328:338 a formation of novel nanofibrous matrix with significant mechanical and biological properties 328:420 Here, we establish a formation of novel nanofibrous matrix with significant mechanical and biological properties by electro-spinning process. 29101870 10 19 theme prepared 1648:1655 arg1 biomaterial 1697:1707 effective biomaterial 1687:1707 effective biomaterial of tendon ligament regeneration applications 1687:1752 Over all, these studied results confirmed that the prepared nanofibrous scaffolds will be effective biomaterial of tendon ligament regeneration applications. 29101870 10 19 theme prepared 1648:1655 arg1 scaffolds 1669:1677 the prepared nanofibrous scaffolds 1644:1677 the prepared nanofibrous scaffolds 1644:1677 Over all, these studied results confirmed that the prepared nanofibrous scaffolds will be effective biomaterial of tendon ligament regeneration applications. 29101870 8 20 theme HOS 1365:1367 arg1 cells 1369:1373 HOS cells 1365:1373 HOS cells 1365:1373 The HAp dispersed PCL/CS nanofibrous scaffolds promoted higher adhesion and proliferation of HOS cells comparable to the nanofibrous scaffolds without HAp nanoparticles. 29101870 3 21 theme hydroxyapatite 501:514 arg1 morphology 468:477 The fine fibrous morphology 451:477 The fine fibrous morphology of the nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HAp) dispersed in the polycaprolactone/chitosan (HAp-PCL/CS) nanofibrous matrix 451:595 The fine fibrous morphology of the nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HAp) dispersed in the polycaprolactone/chitosan (HAp-PCL/CS) nanofibrous matrix was exhibited by microscopic (SEM and TEM) techniques. 29101870 5 22 theme standard 836:843 arg1 value 845:849 standard value 836:849 standard value of the human tendon and ligament tissues 836:890 The load and modulus of the HAp-PCL/CS composite fibers was 250.1N and 215.5MPa, which is very similar to that of standard value of the human tendon and ligament tissues. 29101870 7 23 dep images 1171:1176 arg1 fluorescence 1145:1156 fluorescence 1145:1156 fluorescence 1145:1156 The morphological (FE-SEM and fluorescence) microscopic images clearly exhibited that HOS cells are well attached and flatted on the nanofibrous composites. 29101870 7 23 dep images 1171:1176 arg1 images 1171:1176 The morphological (FE-SEM and fluorescence) microscopic images 1115:1176 The morphological (FE-SEM and fluorescence) microscopic images 1115:1176 The morphological (FE-SEM and fluorescence) microscopic images clearly exhibited that HOS cells are well attached and flatted on the nanofibrous composites. 29101870 7 23 dep images 1171:1176 arg1 FE-SEM 1134:1139 FE-SEM 1134:1139 FE-SEM 1134:1139 The morphological (FE-SEM and fluorescence) microscopic images clearly exhibited that HOS cells are well attached and flatted on the nanofibrous composites. 29101870 7 24 theme nanofibrous 1248:1258 arg1 composites 1260:1269 the nanofibrous composites 1244:1269 the nanofibrous composites 1244:1269 The morphological (FE-SEM and fluorescence) microscopic images clearly exhibited that HOS cells are well attached and flatted on the nanofibrous composites. 29101870 4 25 theme mechanical 666:675 arg1 properties 677:686 The favorable mechanical properties 652:686 The favorable mechanical properties (load and modulus) 652:705 The favorable mechanical properties (load and modulus) were achieved. 29101870 4 25 theme mechanical 666:675 arg1 modulus 698:704 modulus 698:704 modulus 698:704 The favorable mechanical properties (load and modulus) were achieved. 29101870 4 25 theme mechanical 666:675 arg1 load 689:692 load 689:692 load 689:692 The favorable mechanical properties (load and modulus) were achieved. 29101870 1 26 theme ligament 219:226 arg1 engineering 235:245 ligament tissue engineering 219:245 ligament tissue engineering 219:245 The development of tailored nanofibrous scaffolds for tendon and ligament tissue engineering has been a goal of clinical research for current researchers. 29101870 0 27 theme biological 9:18 arg1 properties 20:29 Enhanced biological properties 0:29 Enhanced biological properties of biomimetic apatite 0:51 Enhanced biological properties of biomimetic apatite fabricated polycaprolactone/chitosan nanofibrous bio-composite for tendon and ligament regeneration. 29101870 10 28 theme nanofibrous 1657:1667 arg1 biomaterial 1697:1707 effective biomaterial 1687:1707 effective biomaterial of tendon ligament regeneration applications 1687:1752 Over all, these studied results confirmed that the prepared nanofibrous scaffolds will be effective biomaterial of tendon ligament regeneration applications. 29101870 10 28 theme nanofibrous 1657:1667 arg1 scaffolds 1669:1677 the prepared nanofibrous scaffolds 1644:1677 the prepared nanofibrous scaffolds 1644:1677 Over all, these studied results confirmed that the prepared nanofibrous scaffolds will be effective biomaterial of tendon ligament regeneration applications. 29101870 2 29 theme nanofibrous 349:359 arg1 matrix 361:366 novel nanofibrous matrix 343:366 novel nanofibrous matrix with significant mechanical and biological properties 343:420 Here, we establish a formation of novel nanofibrous matrix with significant mechanical and biological properties by electro-spinning process. 29101870 1 30 theme tissue 228:233 arg1 engineering 235:245 ligament tissue engineering 219:245 ligament tissue engineering 219:245 The development of tailored nanofibrous scaffolds for tendon and ligament tissue engineering has been a goal of clinical research for current researchers. 29101870 0 31 theme Enhanced 0:7 arg1 properties 20:29 Enhanced biological properties 0:29 Enhanced biological properties of biomimetic apatite 0:51 Enhanced biological properties of biomimetic apatite fabricated polycaprolactone/chitosan nanofibrous bio-composite for tendon and ligament regeneration. 29101870 8 32 theme nanofibrous 1297:1307 arg1 scaffolds 1309:1317 The HAp dispersed PCL/CS nanofibrous scaffolds 1272:1317 The HAp dispersed PCL/CS nanofibrous scaffolds 1272:1317 The HAp dispersed PCL/CS nanofibrous scaffolds promoted higher adhesion and proliferation of HOS cells comparable to the nanofibrous scaffolds without HAp nanoparticles. 29101870 2 33 theme novel 343:347 arg1 matrix 361:366 novel nanofibrous matrix 343:366 novel nanofibrous matrix with significant mechanical and biological properties 343:420 Here, we establish a formation of novel nanofibrous matrix with significant mechanical and biological properties by electro-spinning process. 29101870 3 34 theme nanostructured 486:499 arg1 hydroxyapatite 501:514 the nanostructured hydroxyapatite 482:514 the nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HAp) dispersed in the polycaprolactone/chitosan (HAp-PCL/CS) nanofibrous matrix 482:595 The fine fibrous morphology of the nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HAp) dispersed in the polycaprolactone/chitosan (HAp-PCL/CS) nanofibrous matrix was exhibited by microscopic (SEM and TEM) techniques. 29101870 3 34 theme nanostructured 486:499 arg1 HAp 517:519 HAp 517:519 HAp 517:519 The fine fibrous morphology of the nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HAp) dispersed in the polycaprolactone/chitosan (HAp-PCL/CS) nanofibrous matrix was exhibited by microscopic (SEM and TEM) techniques. 29101870 5 35 theme HAp-PCL/CS 750:759 arg1 fibers 771:776 the HAp-PCL/CS composite fibers 746:776 the HAp-PCL/CS composite fibers 746:776 The load and modulus of the HAp-PCL/CS composite fibers was 250.1N and 215.5MPa, which is very similar to that of standard value of the human tendon and ligament tissues. 29101870 3 36 dep techniques 640:649 arg1 techniques 640:649 microscopic (SEM and TEM) techniques 614:649 microscopic (SEM and TEM) techniques 614:649 The fine fibrous morphology of the nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HAp) dispersed in the polycaprolactone/chitosan (HAp-PCL/CS) nanofibrous matrix was exhibited by microscopic (SEM and TEM) techniques. 29101870 3 36 dep techniques 640:649 arg1 TEM 635:637 TEM 635:637 TEM 635:637 The fine fibrous morphology of the nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HAp) dispersed in the polycaprolactone/chitosan (HAp-PCL/CS) nanofibrous matrix was exhibited by microscopic (SEM and TEM) techniques. 29101870 3 36 dep techniques 640:649 arg1 SEM 627:629 SEM 627:629 SEM 627:629 The fine fibrous morphology of the nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HAp) dispersed in the polycaprolactone/chitosan (HAp-PCL/CS) nanofibrous matrix was exhibited by microscopic (SEM and TEM) techniques. 29101870 6 37 theme in 1098:1099 arg1 method 1107:1112 in vitro method 1098:1112 in vitro method 1098:1112 The cellular responses and biocompatibility of HAp-PCL/CS nanofibrous scaffolds were investigated with human osteoblast (HOS) cells for tendon regeneration and examined the primary osteoblast mechanism by in vitro method. 29101870 5 38 theme tendon 864:869 arg1 value 845:849 standard value 836:849 standard value of the human tendon and ligament tissues 836:890 The load and modulus of the HAp-PCL/CS composite fibers was 250.1N and 215.5MPa, which is very similar to that of standard value of the human tendon and ligament tissues. 29101870 5 39 theme human 858:862 arg1 tendon 864:869 the human tendon and ligament tissues 854:890 tendon 864:869 The load and modulus of the HAp-PCL/CS composite fibers was 250.1N and 215.5MPa, which is very similar to that of standard value of the human tendon and ligament tissues. 29101870 5 40 theme composite 761:769 arg1 fibers 771:776 the HAp-PCL/CS composite fibers 746:776 the HAp-PCL/CS composite fibers 746:776 The load and modulus of the HAp-PCL/CS composite fibers was 250.1N and 215.5MPa, which is very similar to that of standard value of the human tendon and ligament tissues. 29101870 8 41 theme nanofibrous 1393:1403 arg1 scaffolds 1405:1413 the nanofibrous scaffolds 1389:1413 the nanofibrous scaffolds without HAp nanoparticles 1389:1439 The HAp dispersed PCL/CS nanofibrous scaffolds promoted higher adhesion and proliferation of HOS cells comparable to the nanofibrous scaffolds without HAp nanoparticles. 29101870 0 42 theme apatite 45:51 arg1 properties 20:29 Enhanced biological properties 0:29 Enhanced biological properties of biomimetic apatite 0:51 Enhanced biological properties of biomimetic apatite fabricated polycaprolactone/chitosan nanofibrous bio-composite for tendon and ligament regeneration. 29101870 6 43 theme HOS 1014:1016 arg1 cells 1019:1023 human osteoblast (HOS) cells 996:1023 human osteoblast (HOS) cells 996:1023 The cellular responses and biocompatibility of HAp-PCL/CS nanofibrous scaffolds were investigated with human osteoblast (HOS) cells for tendon regeneration and examined the primary osteoblast mechanism by in vitro method. 29101870 5 44 theme fibers 771:776 arg1 modulus 735:741 modulus 735:741 modulus 735:741 The load and modulus of the HAp-PCL/CS composite fibers was 250.1N and 215.5MPa, which is very similar to that of standard value of the human tendon and ligament tissues. 29101870 5 44 theme fibers 771:776 arg1 load 726:729 load 726:729 load 726:729 The load and modulus of the HAp-PCL/CS composite fibers was 250.1N and 215.5MPa, which is very similar to that of standard value of the human tendon and ligament tissues. 29101870 2 45 with matrix 361:366 arg1 properties 411:420 significant mechanical and biological properties 373:420 significant mechanical and biological properties 373:420 Here, we establish a formation of novel nanofibrous matrix with significant mechanical and biological properties by electro-spinning process. 29101870 10 46 theme applications 1741:1752 arg1 biomaterial 1697:1707 effective biomaterial 1687:1707 effective biomaterial of tendon ligament regeneration applications 1687:1752 Over all, these studied results confirmed that the prepared nanofibrous scaffolds will be effective biomaterial of tendon ligament regeneration applications. 29101870 10 46 theme applications 1741:1752 arg1 scaffolds 1669:1677 the prepared nanofibrous scaffolds 1644:1677 the prepared nanofibrous scaffolds 1644:1677 Over all, these studied results confirmed that the prepared nanofibrous scaffolds will be effective biomaterial of tendon ligament regeneration applications. 29101870 5 47 theme ligament 875:882 arg1 tissues 884:890 the human tendon and ligament tissues 854:890 tissues 884:890 The load and modulus of the HAp-PCL/CS composite fibers was 250.1N and 215.5MPa, which is very similar to that of standard value of the human tendon and ligament tissues. 29101870 0 48 theme biomimetic 34:43 arg1 apatite 45:51 biomimetic apatite 34:51 biomimetic apatite 34:51 Enhanced biological properties of biomimetic apatite fabricated polycaprolactone/chitosan nanofibrous bio-composite for tendon and ligament regeneration. 29101870 10 49 theme ligament 1719:1726 arg1 applications 1741:1752 tendon ligament regeneration applications 1712:1752 tendon ligament regeneration applications 1712:1752 Over all, these studied results confirmed that the prepared nanofibrous scaffolds will be effective biomaterial of tendon ligament regeneration applications. 29101870 5 50 dep load 726:729 arg1 The 722:724 The 722:724 The 722:724 The load and modulus of the HAp-PCL/CS composite fibers was 250.1N and 215.5MPa, which is very similar to that of standard value of the human tendon and ligament tissues. 29101870 9 51 theme nanofibrous 1507:1517 arg1 scaffold 1519:1526 the synthesized nanofibrous scaffold 1491:1526 the synthesized nanofibrous scaffold 1491:1526 The physic-chemical and biological properties of the synthesized nanofibrous scaffold were very close to that of normal ligament and tendon in human body. 29101870 5 52 theme tissues 884:890 arg1 value 845:849 standard value 836:849 standard value of the human tendon and ligament tissues 836:890 The load and modulus of the HAp-PCL/CS composite fibers was 250.1N and 215.5MPa, which is very similar to that of standard value of the human tendon and ligament tissues. 29101870 0 53 theme polycaprolactone/chitosan 64:88 arg1 bio-composite 102:114 polycaprolactone/chitosan nanofibrous bio-composite 64:114 polycaprolactone/chitosan nanofibrous bio-composite for tendon and ligament regeneration 64:151 Enhanced biological properties of biomimetic apatite fabricated polycaprolactone/chitosan nanofibrous bio-composite for tendon and ligament regeneration. 29101870 6 54 theme osteoblast 1002:1011 arg1 cells 1019:1023 human osteoblast (HOS) cells 996:1023 human osteoblast (HOS) cells 996:1023 The cellular responses and biocompatibility of HAp-PCL/CS nanofibrous scaffolds were investigated with human osteoblast (HOS) cells for tendon regeneration and examined the primary osteoblast mechanism by in vitro method. 29101870 8 55 theme HAp 1423:1425 arg1 nanoparticles 1427:1439 HAp nanoparticles 1423:1439 HAp nanoparticles 1423:1439 The HAp dispersed PCL/CS nanofibrous scaffolds promoted higher adhesion and proliferation of HOS cells comparable to the nanofibrous scaffolds without HAp nanoparticles. 29101870 9 56 theme human 1585:1589 arg1 body 1591:1594 human body 1585:1594 human body 1585:1594 The physic-chemical and biological properties of the synthesized nanofibrous scaffold were very close to that of normal ligament and tendon in human body. 29101870 9 57 from tendon 1575:1580 arg1 body 1591:1594 human body 1585:1594 human body 1585:1594 The physic-chemical and biological properties of the synthesized nanofibrous scaffold were very close to that of normal ligament and tendon in human body. 29101870 2 58 theme mechanical 385:394 arg1 properties 411:420 significant mechanical and biological properties 373:420 significant mechanical and biological properties 373:420 Here, we establish a formation of novel nanofibrous matrix with significant mechanical and biological properties by electro-spinning process. 29101870 3 59 theme fibrous 460:466 arg1 morphology 468:477 The fine fibrous morphology 451:477 The fine fibrous morphology of the nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HAp) dispersed in the polycaprolactone/chitosan (HAp-PCL/CS) nanofibrous matrix 451:595 The fine fibrous morphology of the nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HAp) dispersed in the polycaprolactone/chitosan (HAp-PCL/CS) nanofibrous matrix was exhibited by microscopic (SEM and TEM) techniques. 29101870 6 60 theme human 996:1000 arg1 cells 1019:1023 human osteoblast (HOS) cells 996:1023 human osteoblast (HOS) cells 996:1023 The cellular responses and biocompatibility of HAp-PCL/CS nanofibrous scaffolds were investigated with human osteoblast (HOS) cells for tendon regeneration and examined the primary osteoblast mechanism by in vitro method. 29101870 7 61 theme morphological 1119:1131 arg1 fluorescence 1145:1156 fluorescence 1145:1156 fluorescence 1145:1156 The morphological (FE-SEM and fluorescence) microscopic images clearly exhibited that HOS cells are well attached and flatted on the nanofibrous composites. 29101870 7 61 theme morphological 1119:1131 arg1 images 1171:1176 The morphological (FE-SEM and fluorescence) microscopic images 1115:1176 The morphological (FE-SEM and fluorescence) microscopic images 1115:1176 The morphological (FE-SEM and fluorescence) microscopic images clearly exhibited that HOS cells are well attached and flatted on the nanofibrous composites. 29101870 7 61 theme morphological 1119:1131 arg1 FE-SEM 1134:1139 FE-SEM 1134:1139 FE-SEM 1134:1139 The morphological (FE-SEM and fluorescence) microscopic images clearly exhibited that HOS cells are well attached and flatted on the nanofibrous composites. 29101870 4 62 theme favorable 656:664 arg1 properties 677:686 The favorable mechanical properties 652:686 The favorable mechanical properties (load and modulus) 652:705 The favorable mechanical properties (load and modulus) were achieved. 29101870 4 62 theme favorable 656:664 arg1 modulus 698:704 modulus 698:704 modulus 698:704 The favorable mechanical properties (load and modulus) were achieved. 29101870 4 62 theme favorable 656:664 arg1 load 689:692 load 689:692 load 689:692 The favorable mechanical properties (load and modulus) were achieved. 29101870 2 63 theme significant 373:383 arg1 properties 411:420 significant mechanical and biological properties 373:420 significant mechanical and biological properties 373:420 Here, we establish a formation of novel nanofibrous matrix with significant mechanical and biological properties by electro-spinning process. 29101870 9 64 theme biological 1466:1475 arg1 that 1547:1550 that 1547:1550 that 1547:1550 The physic-chemical and biological properties of the synthesized nanofibrous scaffold were very close to that of normal ligament and tendon in human body. 29101870 9 64 theme biological 1466:1475 arg1 properties 1477:1486 The physic-chemical and biological properties 1442:1486 The physic-chemical and biological properties of the synthesized nanofibrous scaffold 1442:1526 The physic-chemical and biological properties of the synthesized nanofibrous scaffold were very close to that of normal ligament and tendon in human body. 29101870 10 65 theme regeneration 1728:1739 arg1 applications 1741:1752 tendon ligament regeneration applications 1712:1752 tendon ligament regeneration applications 1712:1752 Over all, these studied results confirmed that the prepared nanofibrous scaffolds will be effective biomaterial of tendon ligament regeneration applications. 29101870 7 66 theme HOS 1201:1203 arg1 cells 1205:1209 HOS cells 1201:1209 HOS cells 1201:1209 The morphological (FE-SEM and fluorescence) microscopic images clearly exhibited that HOS cells are well attached and flatted on the nanofibrous composites. 29101870 6 67 theme osteoblast 1074:1083 arg1 mechanism 1085:1093 the primary osteoblast mechanism 1062:1093 the primary osteoblast mechanism 1062:1093 The cellular responses and biocompatibility of HAp-PCL/CS nanofibrous scaffolds were investigated with human osteoblast (HOS) cells for tendon regeneration and examined the primary osteoblast mechanism by in vitro method. 29101870 8 68 dep higher 1328:1333 arg1 adhesion 1335:1342 adhesion 1335:1342 adhesion 1335:1342 The HAp dispersed PCL/CS nanofibrous scaffolds promoted higher adhesion and proliferation of HOS cells comparable to the nanofibrous scaffolds without HAp nanoparticles. 29101870 8 68 dep higher 1328:1333 arg1 proliferation 1348:1360 proliferation 1348:1360 proliferation 1348:1360 The HAp dispersed PCL/CS nanofibrous scaffolds promoted higher adhesion and proliferation of HOS cells comparable to the nanofibrous scaffolds without HAp nanoparticles. 29101870 4 69 dep properties 677:686 arg1 properties 677:686 The favorable mechanical properties 652:686 The favorable mechanical properties (load and modulus) 652:705 The favorable mechanical properties (load and modulus) were achieved. 29101870 4 69 dep properties 677:686 arg1 modulus 698:704 modulus 698:704 modulus 698:704 The favorable mechanical properties (load and modulus) were achieved. 29101870 4 69 dep properties 677:686 arg1 load 689:692 load 689:692 load 689:692 The favorable mechanical properties (load and modulus) were achieved. 29101870 6 70 dep in 1098:1099 arg1 vitro 1101:1105 vitro 1101:1105 vitro 1101:1105 The cellular responses and biocompatibility of HAp-PCL/CS nanofibrous scaffolds were investigated with human osteoblast (HOS) cells for tendon regeneration and examined the primary osteoblast mechanism by in vitro method. 29101870 1 71 theme tailored 173:180 arg1 scaffolds 194:202 tailored nanofibrous scaffolds 173:202 tailored nanofibrous scaffolds for tendon and ligament tissue engineering 173:245 The development of tailored nanofibrous scaffolds for tendon and ligament tissue engineering has been a goal of clinical research for current researchers. 29101870 8 72 theme dispersed 1280:1288 arg1 scaffolds 1309:1317 The HAp dispersed PCL/CS nanofibrous scaffolds 1272:1317 The HAp dispersed PCL/CS nanofibrous scaffolds 1272:1317 The HAp dispersed PCL/CS nanofibrous scaffolds promoted higher adhesion and proliferation of HOS cells comparable to the nanofibrous scaffolds without HAp nanoparticles. 29101870 1 73 theme clinical 266:273 arg1 research 275:282 clinical research 266:282 clinical research 266:282 The development of tailored nanofibrous scaffolds for tendon and ligament tissue engineering has been a goal of clinical research for current researchers. 29101870 6 74 theme cellular 897:904 arg1 responses 906:914 The cellular responses 893:914 The cellular responses 893:914 The cellular responses and biocompatibility of HAp-PCL/CS nanofibrous scaffolds were investigated with human osteoblast (HOS) cells for tendon regeneration and examined the primary osteoblast mechanism by in vitro method. 29101870 9 75 theme normal 1555:1560 arg1 ligament 1562:1569 normal ligament 1555:1569 normal ligament 1555:1569 The physic-chemical and biological properties of the synthesized nanofibrous scaffold were very close to that of normal ligament and tendon in human body. 29101870 1 76 theme nanofibrous 182:192 arg1 scaffolds 194:202 tailored nanofibrous scaffolds 173:202 tailored nanofibrous scaffolds for tendon and ligament tissue engineering 173:245 The development of tailored nanofibrous scaffolds for tendon and ligament tissue engineering has been a goal of clinical research for current researchers. 29101870 8 77 theme PCL/CS 1290:1295 arg1 scaffolds 1309:1317 The HAp dispersed PCL/CS nanofibrous scaffolds 1272:1317 The HAp dispersed PCL/CS nanofibrous scaffolds 1272:1317 The HAp dispersed PCL/CS nanofibrous scaffolds promoted higher adhesion and proliferation of HOS cells comparable to the nanofibrous scaffolds without HAp nanoparticles. 29101870 1 78 theme research 275:282 arg1 development 158:168 The development 154:168 The development of tailored nanofibrous scaffolds for tendon and ligament tissue engineering 154:245 The development of tailored nanofibrous scaffolds for tendon and ligament tissue engineering has been a goal of clinical research for current researchers. 29101870 1 78 theme research 275:282 arg1 goal 258:261 a goal 256:261 a goal of clinical research for current researchers 256:306 The development of tailored nanofibrous scaffolds for tendon and ligament tissue engineering has been a goal of clinical research for current researchers. 29101870 0 79 theme nanofibrous 90:100 arg1 bio-composite 102:114 polycaprolactone/chitosan nanofibrous bio-composite 64:114 polycaprolactone/chitosan nanofibrous bio-composite for tendon and ligament regeneration 64:151 Enhanced biological properties of biomimetic apatite fabricated polycaprolactone/chitosan nanofibrous bio-composite for tendon and ligament regeneration. 29101870 9 80 theme synthesized 1495:1505 arg1 scaffold 1519:1526 the synthesized nanofibrous scaffold 1491:1526 the synthesized nanofibrous scaffold 1491:1526 The physic-chemical and biological properties of the synthesized nanofibrous scaffold were very close to that of normal ligament and tendon in human body. 29101870 1 81 theme scaffolds 194:202 arg1 development 158:168 The development 154:168 The development of tailored nanofibrous scaffolds for tendon and ligament tissue engineering 154:245 The development of tailored nanofibrous scaffolds for tendon and ligament tissue engineering has been a goal of clinical research for current researchers. 29101870 1 81 theme scaffolds 194:202 arg1 goal 258:261 a goal 256:261 a goal of clinical research for current researchers 256:306 The development of tailored nanofibrous scaffolds for tendon and ligament tissue engineering has been a goal of clinical research for current researchers. 29101870 9 82 theme physic-chemical 1446:1460 arg1 that 1547:1550 that 1547:1550 that 1547:1550 The physic-chemical and biological properties of the synthesized nanofibrous scaffold were very close to that of normal ligament and tendon in human body. 29101870 9 82 theme physic-chemical 1446:1460 arg1 properties 1477:1486 The physic-chemical and biological properties 1442:1486 The physic-chemical and biological properties of the synthesized nanofibrous scaffold 1442:1526 The physic-chemical and biological properties of the synthesized nanofibrous scaffold were very close to that of normal ligament and tendon in human body. 26256353 6 0 from changes 923:929 arg1 size 948:951 molecular size 938:951 molecular size 938:951 The changes in the molecular size and higher-order structure of chitin during the course of hydrolysis were also analyzed, and a model that explains the process of oligomer accumulation is proposed. 26256353 6 0 from changes 923:929 arg1 structure 970:978 higher-order structure 957:978 higher-order structure 957:978 The changes in the molecular size and higher-order structure of chitin during the course of hydrolysis were also analyzed, and a model that explains the process of oligomer accumulation is proposed. 26256353 6 1 theme higher-order 957:968 arg1 structure 970:978 higher-order structure 957:978 higher-order structure 957:978 The changes in the molecular size and higher-order structure of chitin during the course of hydrolysis were also analyzed, and a model that explains the process of oligomer accumulation is proposed. 26256353 4 2 from β-chitin 776:783 arg1 % 743:743 21% 741:743 21% from the starting α-chitin and β-chitin 741:783 Composition analysis using gel permeation chromatography and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry indicated that (GlcNAc)4-6 could be isolated from the acetone-insoluble material with recoveries of approximately 17% and 21% from the starting α-chitin and β-chitin, respectively. 26256353 4 2 from β-chitin 776:783 arg1 recoveries 705:714 recoveries 705:714 recoveries of approximately 17% and 21% from the starting α-chitin and β-chitin, respectively 705:797 Composition analysis using gel permeation chromatography and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry indicated that (GlcNAc)4-6 could be isolated from the acetone-insoluble material with recoveries of approximately 17% and 21% from the starting α-chitin and β-chitin, respectively. 26256353 4 2 from β-chitin 776:783 arg1 % 735:735 approximately 17% 719:735 approximately 17% 719:735 Composition analysis using gel permeation chromatography and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry indicated that (GlcNAc)4-6 could be isolated from the acetone-insoluble material with recoveries of approximately 17% and 21% from the starting α-chitin and β-chitin, respectively. 26256353 6 3 theme chitin 983:988 arg1 size 948:951 molecular size 938:951 molecular size 938:951 The changes in the molecular size and higher-order structure of chitin during the course of hydrolysis were also analyzed, and a model that explains the process of oligomer accumulation is proposed. 26256353 6 3 theme chitin 983:988 arg1 structure 970:978 higher-order structure 957:978 higher-order structure 957:978 The changes in the molecular size and higher-order structure of chitin during the course of hydrolysis were also analyzed, and a model that explains the process of oligomer accumulation is proposed. 26256353 2 4 theme hydrochloric 346:357 arg1 acid 359:362 concentrated hydrochloric acid 333:362 concentrated hydrochloric acid at 40 °C 333:371 To prepare chitin oligomers containing 4-6 GlcNAc units [(GlcNAc)4-6], α- and β-chitin were hydrolyzed with concentrated hydrochloric acid at 40 °C. 26256353 0 5 theme concentrated 100:111 arg1 acid 126:129 concentrated hydrochloric acid 100:129 concentrated hydrochloric acid 100:129 A simple procedure for preparing chitin oligomers through acetone precipitation after hydrolysis in concentrated hydrochloric acid. 26256353 4 6 from α-chitin 763:770 arg1 % 743:743 21% 741:743 21% from the starting α-chitin and β-chitin 741:783 Composition analysis using gel permeation chromatography and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry indicated that (GlcNAc)4-6 could be isolated from the acetone-insoluble material with recoveries of approximately 17% and 21% from the starting α-chitin and β-chitin, respectively. 26256353 4 6 from α-chitin 763:770 arg1 recoveries 705:714 recoveries 705:714 recoveries of approximately 17% and 21% from the starting α-chitin and β-chitin, respectively 705:797 Composition analysis using gel permeation chromatography and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry indicated that (GlcNAc)4-6 could be isolated from the acetone-insoluble material with recoveries of approximately 17% and 21% from the starting α-chitin and β-chitin, respectively. 26256353 4 6 from α-chitin 763:770 arg1 % 735:735 approximately 17% 719:735 approximately 17% 719:735 Composition analysis using gel permeation chromatography and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry indicated that (GlcNAc)4-6 could be isolated from the acetone-insoluble material with recoveries of approximately 17% and 21% from the starting α-chitin and β-chitin, respectively. 26256353 4 7 theme starting 754:761 arg1 α-chitin 763:770 α-chitin 763:770 α-chitin 763:770 Composition analysis using gel permeation chromatography and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry indicated that (GlcNAc)4-6 could be isolated from the acetone-insoluble material with recoveries of approximately 17% and 21% from the starting α-chitin and β-chitin, respectively. 26256353 4 8 theme mass 601:604 arg1 spectrometry 606:617 MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry 591:617 MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry 591:617 Composition analysis using gel permeation chromatography and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry indicated that (GlcNAc)4-6 could be isolated from the acetone-insoluble material with recoveries of approximately 17% and 21% from the starting α-chitin and β-chitin, respectively. 26256353 4 9 theme MALDI-TOF 591:599 arg1 spectrometry 606:617 MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry 591:617 MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry 591:617 Composition analysis using gel permeation chromatography and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry indicated that (GlcNAc)4-6 could be isolated from the acetone-insoluble material with recoveries of approximately 17% and 21% from the starting α-chitin and β-chitin, respectively. 26256353 5 10 theme chitin 911:916 arg1 hydrolysate 896:906 the acid hydrolysate 887:906 the acid hydrolysate of chitin 887:916 The acetone precipitation method is highly useful for recovering chitin oligomers from the acid hydrolysate of chitin. 26256353 3 11 theme water 512:516 arg1 extraction 518:527 subsequent water extraction 501:527 subsequent water extraction 501:527 The reactant was mixed with acetone to recover the acetone-insoluble material, and (GlcNAc)4-6 was efficiently recovered after subsequent water extraction. 26256353 0 12 theme hydrochloric 113:124 arg1 acid 126:129 concentrated hydrochloric acid 100:129 concentrated hydrochloric acid 100:129 A simple procedure for preparing chitin oligomers through acetone precipitation after hydrolysis in concentrated hydrochloric acid. 26256353 4 13 with material 691:698 arg1 recoveries 705:714 recoveries 705:714 recoveries of approximately 17% and 21% from the starting α-chitin and β-chitin, respectively 705:797 Composition analysis using gel permeation chromatography and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry indicated that (GlcNAc)4-6 could be isolated from the acetone-insoluble material with recoveries of approximately 17% and 21% from the starting α-chitin and β-chitin, respectively. 26256353 1 14 theme numerous 182:189 arg1 properties 213:222 their numerous biologically relevant properties 176:222 their numerous biologically relevant properties 176:222 Chitin oligomers are of interest because of their numerous biologically relevant properties. 26256353 0 15 theme simple 2:7 arg1 procedure 9:17 A simple procedure 0:17 A simple procedure for preparing chitin oligomers through acetone precipitation after hydrolysis in concentrated hydrochloric acid. 0:130 A simple procedure for preparing chitin oligomers through acetone precipitation after hydrolysis in concentrated hydrochloric acid. 26256353 4 16 dep α-chitin 763:770 arg1 the 750:752 the 750:752 the 750:752 Composition analysis using gel permeation chromatography and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry indicated that (GlcNAc)4-6 could be isolated from the acetone-insoluble material with recoveries of approximately 17% and 21% from the starting α-chitin and β-chitin, respectively. 26256353 5 17 theme acetone 804:810 arg1 useful 843:848 useful 843:848 useful 843:848 The acetone precipitation method is highly useful for recovering chitin oligomers from the acid hydrolysate of chitin. 26256353 5 17 theme acetone 804:810 arg1 method 826:831 The acetone precipitation method 800:831 The acetone precipitation method 800:831 The acetone precipitation method is highly useful for recovering chitin oligomers from the acid hydrolysate of chitin. 26256353 5 18 theme chitin 865:870 arg1 oligomers 872:880 chitin oligomers 865:880 chitin oligomers 865:880 The acetone precipitation method is highly useful for recovering chitin oligomers from the acid hydrolysate of chitin. 26256353 1 19 theme relevant 204:211 arg1 properties 213:222 their numerous biologically relevant properties 176:222 their numerous biologically relevant properties 176:222 Chitin oligomers are of interest because of their numerous biologically relevant properties. 26256353 5 20 theme precipitation 812:824 arg1 useful 843:848 useful 843:848 useful 843:848 The acetone precipitation method is highly useful for recovering chitin oligomers from the acid hydrolysate of chitin. 26256353 5 20 theme precipitation 812:824 arg1 method 826:831 The acetone precipitation method 800:831 The acetone precipitation method 800:831 The acetone precipitation method is highly useful for recovering chitin oligomers from the acid hydrolysate of chitin. 26256353 4 21 theme permeation 561:570 arg1 chromatography 572:585 gel permeation chromatography 557:585 gel permeation chromatography 557:585 Composition analysis using gel permeation chromatography and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry indicated that (GlcNAc)4-6 could be isolated from the acetone-insoluble material with recoveries of approximately 17% and 21% from the starting α-chitin and β-chitin, respectively. 26256353 0 22 from hydrolysis 86:95 arg1 acid 126:129 concentrated hydrochloric acid 100:129 concentrated hydrochloric acid 100:129 A simple procedure for preparing chitin oligomers through acetone precipitation after hydrolysis in concentrated hydrochloric acid. 26256353 4 23 theme % 743:743 arg1 recoveries 705:714 recoveries 705:714 recoveries of approximately 17% and 21% from the starting α-chitin and β-chitin, respectively 705:797 Composition analysis using gel permeation chromatography and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry indicated that (GlcNAc)4-6 could be isolated from the acetone-insoluble material with recoveries of approximately 17% and 21% from the starting α-chitin and β-chitin, respectively. 26256353 6 24 theme accumulation 1092:1103 arg1 process 1072:1078 the process 1068:1078 the process of oligomer accumulation 1068:1103 The changes in the molecular size and higher-order structure of chitin during the course of hydrolysis were also analyzed, and a model that explains the process of oligomer accumulation is proposed. 26256353 0 25 theme chitin 33:38 arg1 oligomers 40:48 chitin oligomers 33:48 chitin oligomers 33:48 A simple procedure for preparing chitin oligomers through acetone precipitation after hydrolysis in concentrated hydrochloric acid. 26256353 4 26 theme gel 557:559 arg1 chromatography 572:585 gel permeation chromatography 557:585 gel permeation chromatography 557:585 Composition analysis using gel permeation chromatography and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry indicated that (GlcNAc)4-6 could be isolated from the acetone-insoluble material with recoveries of approximately 17% and 21% from the starting α-chitin and β-chitin, respectively. 26256353 4 27 attach isolated 655:662 arg2 GlcNAc 635:640 GlcNAc 635:640 GlcNAc 635:640 Composition analysis using gel permeation chromatography and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry indicated that (GlcNAc)4-6 could be isolated from the acetone-insoluble material with recoveries of approximately 17% and 21% from the starting α-chitin and β-chitin, respectively. 26256353 4 27 attach isolated 655:662 arg1 material 691:698 the acetone-insoluble material 669:698 the acetone-insoluble material with recoveries of approximately 17% and 21% from the starting α-chitin and β-chitin, respectively 669:797 Composition analysis using gel permeation chromatography and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry indicated that (GlcNAc)4-6 could be isolated from the acetone-insoluble material with recoveries of approximately 17% and 21% from the starting α-chitin and β-chitin, respectively. 26256353 4 27 attach isolated 655:662 arg2 4-6 642:644 4-6 642:644 4-6 642:644 Composition analysis using gel permeation chromatography and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry indicated that (GlcNAc)4-6 could be isolated from the acetone-insoluble material with recoveries of approximately 17% and 21% from the starting α-chitin and β-chitin, respectively. 26256353 6 28 dep size 948:951 arg1 the 934:936 the 934:936 the 934:936 The changes in the molecular size and higher-order structure of chitin during the course of hydrolysis were also analyzed, and a model that explains the process of oligomer accumulation is proposed. 26256353 6 29 theme hydrolysis 1011:1020 arg1 course 1001:1006 the course 997:1006 the course of hydrolysis 997:1020 The changes in the molecular size and higher-order structure of chitin during the course of hydrolysis were also analyzed, and a model that explains the process of oligomer accumulation is proposed. 26256353 6 30 theme molecular 938:946 arg1 size 948:951 molecular size 938:951 molecular size 938:951 The changes in the molecular size and higher-order structure of chitin during the course of hydrolysis were also analyzed, and a model that explains the process of oligomer accumulation is proposed. 26256353 2 31 from °C 370:371 arg1 acid 359:362 concentrated hydrochloric acid 333:362 concentrated hydrochloric acid at 40 °C 333:371 To prepare chitin oligomers containing 4-6 GlcNAc units [(GlcNAc)4-6], α- and β-chitin were hydrolyzed with concentrated hydrochloric acid at 40 °C. 26256353 2 32 theme concentrated 333:344 arg1 acid 359:362 concentrated hydrochloric acid 333:362 concentrated hydrochloric acid at 40 °C 333:371 To prepare chitin oligomers containing 4-6 GlcNAc units [(GlcNAc)4-6], α- and β-chitin were hydrolyzed with concentrated hydrochloric acid at 40 °C. 26256353 4 33 theme Composition 530:540 arg1 analysis 542:549 Composition analysis 530:549 Composition analysis using gel permeation chromatography and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry 530:617 Composition analysis using gel permeation chromatography and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry indicated that (GlcNAc)4-6 could be isolated from the acetone-insoluble material with recoveries of approximately 17% and 21% from the starting α-chitin and β-chitin, respectively. 26256353 2 34 theme chitin 236:241 arg1 oligomers 243:251 chitin oligomers 236:251 chitin oligomers containing 4-6 GlcNAc units [(GlcNAc)4-6] 236:293 To prepare chitin oligomers containing 4-6 GlcNAc units [(GlcNAc)4-6], α- and β-chitin were hydrolyzed with concentrated hydrochloric acid at 40 °C. 26256353 1 35 theme Chitin 132:137 arg1 oligomers 139:147 Chitin oligomers 132:147 Chitin oligomers 132:147 Chitin oligomers are of interest because of their numerous biologically relevant properties. 26256353 4 36 theme % 735:735 arg1 recoveries 705:714 recoveries 705:714 recoveries of approximately 17% and 21% from the starting α-chitin and β-chitin, respectively 705:797 Composition analysis using gel permeation chromatography and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry indicated that (GlcNAc)4-6 could be isolated from the acetone-insoluble material with recoveries of approximately 17% and 21% from the starting α-chitin and β-chitin, respectively. 26256353 4 37 theme acetone-insoluble 673:689 arg1 material 691:698 the acetone-insoluble material 669:698 the acetone-insoluble material with recoveries of approximately 17% and 21% from the starting α-chitin and β-chitin, respectively 669:797 Composition analysis using gel permeation chromatography and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry indicated that (GlcNAc)4-6 could be isolated from the acetone-insoluble material with recoveries of approximately 17% and 21% from the starting α-chitin and β-chitin, respectively. 26256353 6 38 theme oligomer 1083:1090 arg1 accumulation 1092:1103 oligomer accumulation 1083:1103 oligomer accumulation 1083:1103 The changes in the molecular size and higher-order structure of chitin during the course of hydrolysis were also analyzed, and a model that explains the process of oligomer accumulation is proposed. 26256353 5 39 theme acid 891:894 arg1 hydrolysate 896:906 the acid hydrolysate 887:906 the acid hydrolysate of chitin 887:916 The acetone precipitation method is highly useful for recovering chitin oligomers from the acid hydrolysate of chitin. 26256353 3 40 theme acetone-insoluble 425:441 arg1 material 443:450 the acetone-insoluble material 421:450 the acetone-insoluble material 421:450 The reactant was mixed with acetone to recover the acetone-insoluble material, and (GlcNAc)4-6 was efficiently recovered after subsequent water extraction. 26256353 2 41 contain containing 253:262 arg2 GlcNAc 283:288 (GlcNAc)4-6 282:292 (GlcNAc)4-6 282:292 To prepare chitin oligomers containing 4-6 GlcNAc units [(GlcNAc)4-6], α- and β-chitin were hydrolyzed with concentrated hydrochloric acid at 40 °C. 26256353 2 41 contain containing 253:262 arg2 units 275:279 4-6 GlcNAc units 264:279 4-6 GlcNAc units [(GlcNAc)4-6] 264:293 To prepare chitin oligomers containing 4-6 GlcNAc units [(GlcNAc)4-6], α- and β-chitin were hydrolyzed with concentrated hydrochloric acid at 40 °C. 26256353 2 41 contain containing 253:262 arg1 oligomers 243:251 chitin oligomers 236:251 chitin oligomers containing 4-6 GlcNAc units [(GlcNAc)4-6] 236:293 To prepare chitin oligomers containing 4-6 GlcNAc units [(GlcNAc)4-6], α- and β-chitin were hydrolyzed with concentrated hydrochloric acid at 40 °C. 26256353 0 42 theme acetone 58:64 arg1 precipitation 66:78 acetone precipitation 58:78 acetone precipitation 58:78 A simple procedure for preparing chitin oligomers through acetone precipitation after hydrolysis in concentrated hydrochloric acid. 26256353 2 43 theme GlcNAc 268:273 arg1 units 275:279 4-6 GlcNAc units 264:279 4-6 GlcNAc units [(GlcNAc)4-6] 264:293 To prepare chitin oligomers containing 4-6 GlcNAc units [(GlcNAc)4-6], α- and β-chitin were hydrolyzed with concentrated hydrochloric acid at 40 °C. 26256353 2 43 theme GlcNAc 268:273 arg1 GlcNAc 283:288 (GlcNAc)4-6 282:292 (GlcNAc)4-6 282:292 To prepare chitin oligomers containing 4-6 GlcNAc units [(GlcNAc)4-6], α- and β-chitin were hydrolyzed with concentrated hydrochloric acid at 40 °C. 26256353 3 44 theme subsequent 501:510 arg1 extraction 518:527 subsequent water extraction 501:527 subsequent water extraction 501:527 The reactant was mixed with acetone to recover the acetone-insoluble material, and (GlcNAc)4-6 was efficiently recovered after subsequent water extraction. 26256353 4 45 from recoveries 705:714 arg1 β-chitin 776:783 β-chitin 776:783 β-chitin 776:783 Composition analysis using gel permeation chromatography and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry indicated that (GlcNAc)4-6 could be isolated from the acetone-insoluble material with recoveries of approximately 17% and 21% from the starting α-chitin and β-chitin, respectively. 26256353 4 45 from recoveries 705:714 arg1 α-chitin 763:770 α-chitin 763:770 α-chitin 763:770 Composition analysis using gel permeation chromatography and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry indicated that (GlcNAc)4-6 could be isolated from the acetone-insoluble material with recoveries of approximately 17% and 21% from the starting α-chitin and β-chitin, respectively. 24274518 2 0 theme DS 345:346 arg1 S 348:348 DS(S)=1.67 345:354 DS(Q)=0.33; DS(S)=1.67 333:354 When quaternized xylan (QX) was prepared in the first step (DS(Q)=0.55), than by sulfation of QX in the second step the fully substituted ampholytic derivative (QXS; DS(Q)=0.33; DS(S)=1.67) could be obtained. 24274518 3 1 theme SXQ 483:485 arg1 film 487:490 SXQ film 483:490 SXQ film with DSQ=0.55 and DSS=0.33 which contained partially unsubstituted hydroxyls 483:567 By sulfation in first step, xylan sulphate (SX, DS(S)=0.70) was obtained and by subsequent quaternization, SXQ film with DSQ=0.55 and DSS=0.33 which contained partially unsubstituted hydroxyls. 24274518 3 2 theme subsequent 456:465 arg1 quaternization 467:480 subsequent quaternization 456:480 subsequent quaternization 456:480 By sulfation in first step, xylan sulphate (SX, DS(S)=0.70) was obtained and by subsequent quaternization, SXQ film with DSQ=0.55 and DSS=0.33 which contained partially unsubstituted hydroxyls. 24274518 4 3 theme soluble 608:614 arg1 parts 616:620 the film's soluble parts 597:620 the film's soluble parts 597:620 The molar masses (M(n)) of the film's soluble parts were increasing in order X 0.97 893:901 r2 > 0.97 893:901 The experimental data satisfactorily fit the Dose-Response model with high correlation (r2 > 0.97) across the breakthrough curve. 27763338 6 0 with model 864:868 arg1 correlation 880:890 high correlation 875:890 high correlation (r2 > 0.97) across the breakthrough curve 875:932 The experimental data satisfactorily fit the Dose-Response model with high correlation (r2 > 0.97) across the breakthrough curve. 27763338 8 1 theme TiO2 1097:1100 arg1 inclusion 1084:1092 inclusion 1084:1092 inclusion of TiO2 1084:1100 It was postulated that inclusion of TiO2 facilitates the desorbed pollutant degradation from the used adsorbent beads. 27763338 6 2 theme high 875:878 arg1 0.97 898:901 r2 > 0.97 893:901 r2 > 0.97 893:901 The experimental data satisfactorily fit the Dose-Response model with high correlation (r2 > 0.97) across the breakthrough curve. 27763338 6 2 theme high 875:878 arg1 correlation 880:890 high correlation 875:890 high correlation (r2 > 0.97) across the breakthrough curve 875:932 The experimental data satisfactorily fit the Dose-Response model with high correlation (r2 > 0.97) across the breakthrough curve. 27763338 8 3 theme pollutant 1127:1135 arg1 degradation 1137:1147 the desorbed pollutant degradation 1114:1147 the desorbed pollutant degradation from the used adsorbent beads 1114:1177 It was postulated that inclusion of TiO2 facilitates the desorbed pollutant degradation from the used adsorbent beads. 27763338 4 4 theme bed 629:631 arg1 height 633:638 20 cm bed height 623:638 20 cm bed height at saturation 623:652 The highest sorption capacity of 5.46 mg.g-1 was achieved at 10 mg.L-1 BPA concentration, 2.0 mL.min-1 flow rate and 20 cm bed height at saturation. 27763338 3 5 theme bed 357:359 arg1 cm 375:376 15-20 cm 369:376 15-20 cm 369:376 By varying parameters such as bed height (15-20 cm), flow rate (2.0-6.0 mL.min-1) and inlet BPA concentration (10-30 mg.L-1) we assessed the removal capacity of these composites. 27763338 3 5 theme bed 357:359 arg1 height 361:366 bed height 357:366 bed height (15-20 cm) 357:377 By varying parameters such as bed height (15-20 cm), flow rate (2.0-6.0 mL.min-1) and inlet BPA concentration (10-30 mg.L-1) we assessed the removal capacity of these composites. 27763338 3 6 theme composites 494:503 arg1 capacity 476:483 the removal capacity 464:483 the removal capacity of these composites 464:503 By varying parameters such as bed height (15-20 cm), flow rate (2.0-6.0 mL.min-1) and inlet BPA concentration (10-30 mg.L-1) we assessed the removal capacity of these composites. 27763338 5 7 theme Yoon-Nelson 669:679 arg1 models 708:713 Adams-Bohart, Yoon-Nelson and Dose-Response isotherm models 655:713 Adams-Bohart, Yoon-Nelson and Dose-Response isotherm models 655:713 Adams-Bohart, Yoon-Nelson and Dose-Response isotherm models were applied to evaluate the performance of the column at different inlet concentrations. 27763338 4 8 theme mg.g-1 544:549 arg1 capacity 527:534 The highest sorption capacity 506:534 The highest sorption capacity of 5.46 mg.g-1 506:549 The highest sorption capacity of 5.46 mg.g-1 was achieved at 10 mg.L-1 BPA concentration, 2.0 mL.min-1 flow rate and 20 cm bed height at saturation. 27763338 6 9 theme Dose-Response 850:862 arg1 model 864:868 the Dose-Response model 846:868 the Dose-Response model with high correlation (r2 > 0.97) across the breakthrough curve 846:932 The experimental data satisfactorily fit the Dose-Response model with high correlation (r2 > 0.97) across the breakthrough curve. 27763338 5 10 theme inlet 783:787 arg1 concentrations 789:802 different inlet concentrations 773:802 different inlet concentrations 773:802 Adams-Bohart, Yoon-Nelson and Dose-Response isotherm models were applied to evaluate the performance of the column at different inlet concentrations. 27763338 4 11 theme BPA 577:579 arg1 concentration 581:593 10 mg.L-1 BPA concentration 567:593 10 mg.L-1 BPA concentration 567:593 The highest sorption capacity of 5.46 mg.g-1 was achieved at 10 mg.L-1 BPA concentration, 2.0 mL.min-1 flow rate and 20 cm bed height at saturation. 27763338 8 12 theme used 1158:1161 arg1 beads 1173:1177 the used adsorbent beads 1154:1177 the used adsorbent beads 1154:1177 It was postulated that inclusion of TiO2 facilitates the desorbed pollutant degradation from the used adsorbent beads. 27763338 4 13 theme flow 609:612 arg1 rate 614:617 2.0 mL.min-1 flow rate 596:617 2.0 mL.min-1 flow rate 596:617 The highest sorption capacity of 5.46 mg.g-1 was achieved at 10 mg.L-1 BPA concentration, 2.0 mL.min-1 flow rate and 20 cm bed height at saturation. 27763338 5 14 theme Dose-Response 685:697 arg1 isotherm 699:706 Dose-Response isotherm 685:706 Dose-Response isotherm 685:706 Adams-Bohart, Yoon-Nelson and Dose-Response isotherm models were applied to evaluate the performance of the column at different inlet concentrations. 27763338 4 15 theme mL.min-1 600:607 arg1 rate 614:617 2.0 mL.min-1 flow rate 596:617 2.0 mL.min-1 flow rate 596:617 The highest sorption capacity of 5.46 mg.g-1 was achieved at 10 mg.L-1 BPA concentration, 2.0 mL.min-1 flow rate and 20 cm bed height at saturation. 27763338 8 16 from beads 1173:1177 arg1 degradation 1137:1147 the desorbed pollutant degradation 1114:1147 the desorbed pollutant degradation from the used adsorbent beads 1114:1177 It was postulated that inclusion of TiO2 facilitates the desorbed pollutant degradation from the used adsorbent beads. 27763338 4 17 theme 2.0 596:598 arg1 mL.min-1 600:607 mL.min-1 600:607 mL.min-1 600:607 The highest sorption capacity of 5.46 mg.g-1 was achieved at 10 mg.L-1 BPA concentration, 2.0 mL.min-1 flow rate and 20 cm bed height at saturation. 27763338 4 18 theme highest 510:516 arg1 capacity 527:534 The highest sorption capacity 506:534 The highest sorption capacity of 5.46 mg.g-1 506:549 The highest sorption capacity of 5.46 mg.g-1 was achieved at 10 mg.L-1 BPA concentration, 2.0 mL.min-1 flow rate and 20 cm bed height at saturation. 27763338 7 19 theme light 1042:1046 arg1 irradiation 1048:1058 light irradiation 1042:1058 light irradiation 1042:1058 Regeneration of the used adsorbent beads were performed by immersion in the desorption solvent followed by light irradiation. 27763338 7 20 theme desorption 1011:1020 arg1 solvent 1022:1028 the desorption solvent 1007:1028 the desorption solvent followed by light irradiation 1007:1058 Regeneration of the used adsorbent beads were performed by immersion in the desorption solvent followed by light irradiation. 27763338 2 21 theme sorption 310:317 arg1 column 319:324 a fixed-bed sorption column 298:324 a fixed-bed sorption column 298:324 The removal traits were inspected using a fixed-bed sorption column. 27763338 5 22 theme column 763:768 arg1 performance 744:754 the performance 740:754 the performance of the column at different inlet concentrations 740:802 Adams-Bohart, Yoon-Nelson and Dose-Response isotherm models were applied to evaluate the performance of the column at different inlet concentrations. 27763338 6 23 theme breakthrough 915:926 arg1 curve 928:932 the breakthrough curve 911:932 the breakthrough curve 911:932 The experimental data satisfactorily fit the Dose-Response model with high correlation (r2 > 0.97) across the breakthrough curve. 27763338 2 24 theme fixed-bed 300:308 arg1 column 319:324 a fixed-bed sorption column 298:324 a fixed-bed sorption column 298:324 The removal traits were inspected using a fixed-bed sorption column. 27763338 5 25 theme different 773:781 arg1 concentrations 789:802 different inlet concentrations 773:802 different inlet concentrations 773:802 Adams-Bohart, Yoon-Nelson and Dose-Response isotherm models were applied to evaluate the performance of the column at different inlet concentrations. 27763338 0 26 theme composite 39:47 arg1 beads 49:53 composite beads 39:53 composite beads 39:53 Calcium-alginate/carbon nanotubes/TiO2 composite beads for removal of bisphenol A. 27763338 1 27 theme calcium-alginate/carbon 108:130 arg1 beads 147:151 composite calcium-alginate/carbon nanotubes/TiO2 beads 98:151 composite calcium-alginate/carbon nanotubes/TiO2 beads 98:151 In this study, composite calcium-alginate/carbon nanotubes/TiO2 beads were prepared and tested for their potential in the removal of bisphenol A (BPA) from aqueous solutions. 27763338 1 28 theme bisphenol 216:224 arg1 BPA 229:231 BPA 229:231 BPA 229:231 In this study, composite calcium-alginate/carbon nanotubes/TiO2 beads were prepared and tested for their potential in the removal of bisphenol A (BPA) from aqueous solutions. 27763338 1 28 theme bisphenol 216:224 arg1 A 226:226 bisphenol A 216:226 bisphenol A (BPA) 216:232 In this study, composite calcium-alginate/carbon nanotubes/TiO2 beads were prepared and tested for their potential in the removal of bisphenol A (BPA) from aqueous solutions. 27763338 4 29 theme sorption 518:525 arg1 capacity 527:534 The highest sorption capacity 506:534 The highest sorption capacity of 5.46 mg.g-1 506:549 The highest sorption capacity of 5.46 mg.g-1 was achieved at 10 mg.L-1 BPA concentration, 2.0 mL.min-1 flow rate and 20 cm bed height at saturation. 27763338 1 30 from solutions 247:255 arg1 potential 188:196 their potential 182:196 their potential in the removal of bisphenol A (BPA) from aqueous solutions 182:255 In this study, composite calcium-alginate/carbon nanotubes/TiO2 beads were prepared and tested for their potential in the removal of bisphenol A (BPA) from aqueous solutions. 27763338 1 30 from solutions 247:255 arg1 removal 205:211 the removal 201:211 the removal of bisphenol A (BPA) from aqueous solutions 201:255 In this study, composite calcium-alginate/carbon nanotubes/TiO2 beads were prepared and tested for their potential in the removal of bisphenol A (BPA) from aqueous solutions. 27763338 1 31 theme A 226:226 arg1 removal 205:211 the removal 201:211 the removal of bisphenol A (BPA) from aqueous solutions 201:255 In this study, composite calcium-alginate/carbon nanotubes/TiO2 beads were prepared and tested for their potential in the removal of bisphenol A (BPA) from aqueous solutions. 27763338 3 32 theme inlet 413:417 arg1 concentration 423:435 inlet BPA concentration 413:435 inlet BPA concentration (10-30 mg.L-1) 413:450 By varying parameters such as bed height (15-20 cm), flow rate (2.0-6.0 mL.min-1) and inlet BPA concentration (10-30 mg.L-1) we assessed the removal capacity of these composites. 27763338 3 32 theme inlet 413:417 arg1 mg.L-1 444:449 10-30 mg.L-1 438:449 10-30 mg.L-1 438:449 By varying parameters such as bed height (15-20 cm), flow rate (2.0-6.0 mL.min-1) and inlet BPA concentration (10-30 mg.L-1) we assessed the removal capacity of these composites. 27763338 4 33 theme cm 626:627 arg1 height 633:638 20 cm bed height 623:638 20 cm bed height at saturation 623:652 The highest sorption capacity of 5.46 mg.g-1 was achieved at 10 mg.L-1 BPA concentration, 2.0 mL.min-1 flow rate and 20 cm bed height at saturation. 27763338 5 34 theme Adams-Bohart 655:666 arg1 models 708:713 Adams-Bohart, Yoon-Nelson and Dose-Response isotherm models 655:713 Adams-Bohart, Yoon-Nelson and Dose-Response isotherm models 655:713 Adams-Bohart, Yoon-Nelson and Dose-Response isotherm models were applied to evaluate the performance of the column at different inlet concentrations. 27763338 6 35 theme experimental 809:820 arg1 data 822:825 The experimental data 805:825 The experimental data 805:825 The experimental data satisfactorily fit the Dose-Response model with high correlation (r2 > 0.97) across the breakthrough curve. 27763338 8 36 theme adsorbent 1163:1171 arg1 beads 1173:1177 the used adsorbent beads 1154:1177 the used adsorbent beads 1154:1177 It was postulated that inclusion of TiO2 facilitates the desorbed pollutant degradation from the used adsorbent beads. 27763338 5 37 from concentrations 789:802 arg1 performance 744:754 the performance 740:754 the performance of the column at different inlet concentrations 740:802 Adams-Bohart, Yoon-Nelson and Dose-Response isotherm models were applied to evaluate the performance of the column at different inlet concentrations. 27763338 3 38 theme BPA 419:421 arg1 concentration 423:435 inlet BPA concentration 413:435 inlet BPA concentration (10-30 mg.L-1) 413:450 By varying parameters such as bed height (15-20 cm), flow rate (2.0-6.0 mL.min-1) and inlet BPA concentration (10-30 mg.L-1) we assessed the removal capacity of these composites. 27763338 3 38 theme BPA 419:421 arg1 mg.L-1 444:449 10-30 mg.L-1 438:449 10-30 mg.L-1 438:449 By varying parameters such as bed height (15-20 cm), flow rate (2.0-6.0 mL.min-1) and inlet BPA concentration (10-30 mg.L-1) we assessed the removal capacity of these composites. 27763338 0 39 theme bisphenol 70:78 arg1 A 80:80 bisphenol A 70:80 bisphenol A 70:80 Calcium-alginate/carbon nanotubes/TiO2 composite beads for removal of bisphenol A. 27763338 8 40 theme desorbed 1118:1125 arg1 degradation 1137:1147 the desorbed pollutant degradation 1114:1147 the desorbed pollutant degradation from the used adsorbent beads 1114:1177 It was postulated that inclusion of TiO2 facilitates the desorbed pollutant degradation from the used adsorbent beads. 27763338 1 41 theme nanotubes/TiO2 132:145 arg1 beads 147:151 composite calcium-alginate/carbon nanotubes/TiO2 beads 98:151 composite calcium-alginate/carbon nanotubes/TiO2 beads 98:151 In this study, composite calcium-alginate/carbon nanotubes/TiO2 beads were prepared and tested for their potential in the removal of bisphenol A (BPA) from aqueous solutions. 27763338 3 42 theme flow 380:383 arg1 rate 385:388 flow rate 380:388 flow rate (2.0-6.0 mL.min-1) 380:407 By varying parameters such as bed height (15-20 cm), flow rate (2.0-6.0 mL.min-1) and inlet BPA concentration (10-30 mg.L-1) we assessed the removal capacity of these composites. 27763338 3 42 theme flow 380:383 arg1 mL.min-1 399:406 2.0-6.0 mL.min-1 391:406 2.0-6.0 mL.min-1 391:406 By varying parameters such as bed height (15-20 cm), flow rate (2.0-6.0 mL.min-1) and inlet BPA concentration (10-30 mg.L-1) we assessed the removal capacity of these composites. 27763338 6 43 theme > 896:896 arg1 0.97 898:901 r2 > 0.97 893:901 r2 > 0.97 893:901 The experimental data satisfactorily fit the Dose-Response model with high correlation (r2 > 0.97) across the breakthrough curve. 27763338 6 43 theme > 896:896 arg1 correlation 880:890 high correlation 875:890 high correlation (r2 > 0.97) across the breakthrough curve 875:932 The experimental data satisfactorily fit the Dose-Response model with high correlation (r2 > 0.97) across the breakthrough curve. 27763338 7 44 theme used 955:958 arg1 beads 970:974 the used adsorbent beads 951:974 the used adsorbent beads 951:974 Regeneration of the used adsorbent beads were performed by immersion in the desorption solvent followed by light irradiation. 27763338 6 45 theme r2 893:894 arg1 0.97 898:901 r2 > 0.97 893:901 r2 > 0.97 893:901 The experimental data satisfactorily fit the Dose-Response model with high correlation (r2 > 0.97) across the breakthrough curve. 27763338 6 45 theme r2 893:894 arg1 correlation 880:890 high correlation 875:890 high correlation (r2 > 0.97) across the breakthrough curve 875:932 The experimental data satisfactorily fit the Dose-Response model with high correlation (r2 > 0.97) across the breakthrough curve. 27763338 2 46 theme removal 262:268 arg1 traits 270:275 The removal traits 258:275 The removal traits 258:275 The removal traits were inspected using a fixed-bed sorption column. 27763338 7 47 theme adsorbent 960:968 arg1 beads 970:974 the used adsorbent beads 951:974 the used adsorbent beads 951:974 Regeneration of the used adsorbent beads were performed by immersion in the desorption solvent followed by light irradiation. 27763338 1 48 theme composite 98:106 arg1 beads 147:151 composite calcium-alginate/carbon nanotubes/TiO2 beads 98:151 composite calcium-alginate/carbon nanotubes/TiO2 beads 98:151 In this study, composite calcium-alginate/carbon nanotubes/TiO2 beads were prepared and tested for their potential in the removal of bisphenol A (BPA) from aqueous solutions. 27763338 7 49 theme beads 970:974 arg1 Regeneration 935:946 Regeneration 935:946 Regeneration of the used adsorbent beads 935:974 Regeneration of the used adsorbent beads were performed by immersion in the desorption solvent followed by light irradiation. 27763338 4 50 from saturation 643:652 arg1 height 633:638 20 cm bed height 623:638 20 cm bed height at saturation 623:652 The highest sorption capacity of 5.46 mg.g-1 was achieved at 10 mg.L-1 BPA concentration, 2.0 mL.min-1 flow rate and 20 cm bed height at saturation. 27763338 4 50 from saturation 643:652 arg1 rate 614:617 2.0 mL.min-1 flow rate 596:617 2.0 mL.min-1 flow rate 596:617 The highest sorption capacity of 5.46 mg.g-1 was achieved at 10 mg.L-1 BPA concentration, 2.0 mL.min-1 flow rate and 20 cm bed height at saturation. 27763338 4 50 from saturation 643:652 arg1 concentration 581:593 10 mg.L-1 BPA concentration 567:593 10 mg.L-1 BPA concentration 567:593 The highest sorption capacity of 5.46 mg.g-1 was achieved at 10 mg.L-1 BPA concentration, 2.0 mL.min-1 flow rate and 20 cm bed height at saturation. 27763338 5 51 theme isotherm 699:706 arg1 models 708:713 Adams-Bohart, Yoon-Nelson and Dose-Response isotherm models 655:713 Adams-Bohart, Yoon-Nelson and Dose-Response isotherm models 655:713 Adams-Bohart, Yoon-Nelson and Dose-Response isotherm models were applied to evaluate the performance of the column at different inlet concentrations. 27763338 3 52 theme removal 468:474 arg1 capacity 476:483 the removal capacity 464:483 the removal capacity of these composites 464:503 By varying parameters such as bed height (15-20 cm), flow rate (2.0-6.0 mL.min-1) and inlet BPA concentration (10-30 mg.L-1) we assessed the removal capacity of these composites. 27763338 4 53 theme mg.L-1 570:575 arg1 concentration 581:593 10 mg.L-1 BPA concentration 567:593 10 mg.L-1 BPA concentration 567:593 The highest sorption capacity of 5.46 mg.g-1 was achieved at 10 mg.L-1 BPA concentration, 2.0 mL.min-1 flow rate and 20 cm bed height at saturation. 27763338 0 54 theme A 80:80 arg1 removal 59:65 removal 59:65 removal of bisphenol A 59:80 Calcium-alginate/carbon nanotubes/TiO2 composite beads for removal of bisphenol A. 27763338 1 55 theme aqueous 239:245 arg1 solutions 247:255 aqueous solutions 239:255 aqueous solutions 239:255 In this study, composite calcium-alginate/carbon nanotubes/TiO2 beads were prepared and tested for their potential in the removal of bisphenol A (BPA) from aqueous solutions. 27763338 1 56 from potential 188:196 arg1 removal 205:211 the removal 201:211 the removal of bisphenol A (BPA) from aqueous solutions 201:255 In this study, composite calcium-alginate/carbon nanotubes/TiO2 beads were prepared and tested for their potential in the removal of bisphenol A (BPA) from aqueous solutions. 27763338 1 56 from potential 188:196 arg1 solutions 247:255 aqueous solutions 239:255 aqueous solutions 239:255 In this study, composite calcium-alginate/carbon nanotubes/TiO2 beads were prepared and tested for their potential in the removal of bisphenol A (BPA) from aqueous solutions. 27763338 4 57 theme 20 623:624 arg1 cm 626:627 cm 626:627 cm 626:627 The highest sorption capacity of 5.46 mg.g-1 was achieved at 10 mg.L-1 BPA concentration, 2.0 mL.min-1 flow rate and 20 cm bed height at saturation. 27763338 4 58 theme 10 567:568 arg1 mg.L-1 570:575 mg.L-1 570:575 mg.L-1 570:575 The highest sorption capacity of 5.46 mg.g-1 was achieved at 10 mg.L-1 BPA concentration, 2.0 mL.min-1 flow rate and 20 cm bed height at saturation. 27543344 0 0 theme fruiting 75:82 arg1 bodies 84:89 the fruiting bodies 71:89 the fruiting bodies of Daedalea quercina 71:110 Extraction, isolation and MALDI-QTOF MS/MS analysis of β-d-Glucan from the fruiting bodies of Daedalea quercina. 27543344 4 1 theme average 483:489 arg1 weight 501:506 Its average molecular weight 479:506 Its average molecular weight obtained using size exclusion chromatography 479:551 Its average molecular weight obtained using size exclusion chromatography was 1.6×104Da, consistent with glucans derived from the order Polyporaceae. 27543344 7 2 theme unit 988:991 arg1 Presence 966:973 Presence 966:973 Presence of branching unit 966:991 Presence of branching unit was identified from high intensity 0,3A4 fragment and verified from diagnostic ion of [D] and [D-H2O] types. 27543344 7 3 theme [D 1079:1080 arg1 ion 1072:1074 diagnostic ion 1061:1074 diagnostic ion of [D] and [D-H2O] types 1061:1099 Presence of branching unit was identified from high intensity 0,3A4 fragment and verified from diagnostic ion of [D] and [D-H2O] types. 27543344 1 4 dep Daedalea 244:251 arg1 quercina 253:260 Daedalea quercina 244:260 Daedalea quercina 244:260 We report for the first time the extraction, isolation, and the proposed structure of a polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Daedalea quercina. 27543344 10 5 theme glucose 1408:1414 arg1 unit 1351:1354 The repeating unit 1337:1354 The repeating unit of isolate DQW1Pa1 1337:1373 The repeating unit of isolate DQW1Pa1 was deduced as 1-3 linked linear glucose backbone with branches composed of three 1-3 linked glucose units connected to backbone by 1-6 linkage. 27543344 10 5 theme glucose 1408:1414 arg1 backbone 1416:1423 1-3 linked linear glucose backbone 1390:1423 1-3 linked linear glucose backbone with branches composed of three 1-3 linked glucose units connected to backbone by 1-6 linkage 1390:1517 The repeating unit of isolate DQW1Pa1 was deduced as 1-3 linked linear glucose backbone with branches composed of three 1-3 linked glucose units connected to backbone by 1-6 linkage. 27543344 10 6 theme DQW1Pa1 1367:1373 arg1 unit 1351:1354 The repeating unit 1337:1354 The repeating unit of isolate DQW1Pa1 1337:1373 The repeating unit of isolate DQW1Pa1 was deduced as 1-3 linked linear glucose backbone with branches composed of three 1-3 linked glucose units connected to backbone by 1-6 linkage. 27543344 10 6 theme DQW1Pa1 1367:1373 arg1 backbone 1416:1423 1-3 linked linear glucose backbone 1390:1423 1-3 linked linear glucose backbone with branches composed of three 1-3 linked glucose units connected to backbone by 1-6 linkage 1390:1517 The repeating unit of isolate DQW1Pa1 was deduced as 1-3 linked linear glucose backbone with branches composed of three 1-3 linked glucose units connected to backbone by 1-6 linkage. 27543344 10 7 theme linked 1394:1399 arg1 unit 1351:1354 The repeating unit 1337:1354 The repeating unit of isolate DQW1Pa1 1337:1373 The repeating unit of isolate DQW1Pa1 was deduced as 1-3 linked linear glucose backbone with branches composed of three 1-3 linked glucose units connected to backbone by 1-6 linkage. 27543344 10 7 theme linked 1394:1399 arg1 backbone 1416:1423 1-3 linked linear glucose backbone 1390:1423 1-3 linked linear glucose backbone with branches composed of three 1-3 linked glucose units connected to backbone by 1-6 linkage 1390:1517 The repeating unit of isolate DQW1Pa1 was deduced as 1-3 linked linear glucose backbone with branches composed of three 1-3 linked glucose units connected to backbone by 1-6 linkage. 27543344 1 8 theme fruiting 225:232 arg1 bodies 234:239 the fruiting bodies 221:239 the fruiting bodies of Daedalea quercina 221:260 We report for the first time the extraction, isolation, and the proposed structure of a polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Daedalea quercina. 27543344 8 9 theme MALDI-QTOF 1151:1160 arg1 MS/MS 1162:1166 MALDI-QTOF MS/MS 1151:1166 MALDI-QTOF MS/MS 1151:1166 To confirm the linkage assignment obtained using MALDI-QTOF MS/MS, DQW1Pa1 was subjected to methylation analysis. 27543344 6 10 theme 1-6 917:919 arg1 linkage 921:927 1-6 linkage 917:927 1-6 linkage 917:927 Collision Induced Dissociation (CID) of selected parent ions of different oligosaccharide lengths showed the presence of characteristic glycosidic bond cleavages Bn/Cn, the linear backbone by 1-6 linkage, and the cross-ring fragment, 0,3An. 27543344 7 11 theme types 1095:1099 arg1 ion 1072:1074 diagnostic ion 1061:1074 diagnostic ion of [D] and [D-H2O] types 1061:1099 Presence of branching unit was identified from high intensity 0,3A4 fragment and verified from diagnostic ion of [D] and [D-H2O] types. 27543344 10 12 theme isolate 1359:1365 arg1 DQW1Pa1 1367:1373 isolate DQW1Pa1 1359:1373 isolate DQW1Pa1 1359:1373 The repeating unit of isolate DQW1Pa1 was deduced as 1-3 linked linear glucose backbone with branches composed of three 1-3 linked glucose units connected to backbone by 1-6 linkage. 27543344 4 13 with consistent 568:577 arg1 glucans 584:590 glucans 584:590 glucans derived from the order Polyporaceae 584:626 Its average molecular weight obtained using size exclusion chromatography was 1.6×104Da, consistent with glucans derived from the order Polyporaceae. 27543344 9 14 theme linked 1270:1275 arg1 glucose 1277:1283 1-3, 1-6, 1- and 1-3-6 linked glucose 1247:1283 1-3, 1-6, 1- and 1-3-6 linked glucose 1247:1283 Results showed the presence of 1-3, 1-6, 1- and 1-3-6 linked glucose in the order of decreasing abundance, respectively. 27543344 2 15 theme D. 297:298 arg1 DQW1Pa1 318:324 DQW1Pa1 318:324 DQW1Pa1 318:324 The monosaccharide composition of D. quercina isolate (DQW1Pa1) was mainly glucose as identified using GC-MS. 27543344 2 15 theme D. 297:298 arg1 isolate 309:315 D. quercina isolate 297:315 D. quercina isolate (DQW1Pa1) 297:325 The monosaccharide composition of D. quercina isolate (DQW1Pa1) was mainly glucose as identified using GC-MS. 27543344 9 16 theme glucose 1277:1283 arg1 presence 1235:1242 the presence 1231:1242 the presence of 1-3, 1-6, 1- and 1-3-6 linked glucose in the order of decreasing abundance, respectively 1231:1334 Results showed the presence of 1-3, 1-6, 1- and 1-3-6 linked glucose in the order of decreasing abundance, respectively. 27543344 7 17 theme 0,3A4 1028:1032 arg1 fragment 1034:1041 high intensity 0,3A4 fragment 1013:1041 high intensity 0,3A4 fragment 1013:1041 Presence of branching unit was identified from high intensity 0,3A4 fragment and verified from diagnostic ion of [D] and [D-H2O] types. 27543344 6 18 theme lengths 815:821 arg1 Dissociation 743:754 Collision Induced Dissociation 725:754 Collision Induced Dissociation (CID) of selected parent ions of different oligosaccharide lengths 725:821 Collision Induced Dissociation (CID) of selected parent ions of different oligosaccharide lengths showed the presence of characteristic glycosidic bond cleavages Bn/Cn, the linear backbone by 1-6 linkage, and the cross-ring fragment, 0,3An. 27543344 6 18 theme lengths 815:821 arg1 CID 757:759 CID 757:759 CID 757:759 Collision Induced Dissociation (CID) of selected parent ions of different oligosaccharide lengths showed the presence of characteristic glycosidic bond cleavages Bn/Cn, the linear backbone by 1-6 linkage, and the cross-ring fragment, 0,3An. 27543344 0 19 dep Daedalea 94:101 arg1 quercina 103:110 Daedalea quercina 94:110 Daedalea quercina 94:110 Extraction, isolation and MALDI-QTOF MS/MS analysis of β-d-Glucan from the fruiting bodies of Daedalea quercina. 27543344 6 20 theme backbone 905:912 arg1 presence 834:841 the presence 830:841 the presence of characteristic glycosidic bond cleavages Bn/Cn, the linear backbone by 1-6 linkage, and the cross-ring fragment, 0,3An 830:963 Collision Induced Dissociation (CID) of selected parent ions of different oligosaccharide lengths showed the presence of characteristic glycosidic bond cleavages Bn/Cn, the linear backbone by 1-6 linkage, and the cross-ring fragment, 0,3An. 27543344 5 21 theme MALDI-QTOF 629:638 arg1 MS/MS 640:644 MALDI-QTOF MS/MS 629:644 MALDI-QTOF MS/MS 629:644 MALDI-QTOF MS/MS was carried out to identify the linkage and connectivity of the glucose units. 27543344 6 22 theme oligosaccharide 799:813 arg1 lengths 815:821 different oligosaccharide lengths 789:821 different oligosaccharide lengths 789:821 Collision Induced Dissociation (CID) of selected parent ions of different oligosaccharide lengths showed the presence of characteristic glycosidic bond cleavages Bn/Cn, the linear backbone by 1-6 linkage, and the cross-ring fragment, 0,3An. 27543344 10 23 link linked 1394:1399 arg1 unit 1351:1354 The repeating unit 1337:1354 The repeating unit of isolate DQW1Pa1 1337:1373 The repeating unit of isolate DQW1Pa1 was deduced as 1-3 linked linear glucose backbone with branches composed of three 1-3 linked glucose units connected to backbone by 1-6 linkage. 27543344 10 23 link linked 1394:1399 arg1 backbone 1416:1423 1-3 linked linear glucose backbone 1390:1423 1-3 linked linear glucose backbone with branches composed of three 1-3 linked glucose units connected to backbone by 1-6 linkage 1390:1517 The repeating unit of isolate DQW1Pa1 was deduced as 1-3 linked linear glucose backbone with branches composed of three 1-3 linked glucose units connected to backbone by 1-6 linkage. 27543344 0 24 theme Daedalea 94:101 arg1 bodies 84:89 the fruiting bodies 71:89 the fruiting bodies of Daedalea quercina 71:110 Extraction, isolation and MALDI-QTOF MS/MS analysis of β-d-Glucan from the fruiting bodies of Daedalea quercina. 27543344 6 25 theme linear 898:903 arg1 backbone 905:912 the linear backbone 894:912 the linear backbone by 1-6 linkage 894:927 Collision Induced Dissociation (CID) of selected parent ions of different oligosaccharide lengths showed the presence of characteristic glycosidic bond cleavages Bn/Cn, the linear backbone by 1-6 linkage, and the cross-ring fragment, 0,3An. 27543344 6 26 theme different 789:797 arg1 lengths 815:821 different oligosaccharide lengths 789:821 different oligosaccharide lengths 789:821 Collision Induced Dissociation (CID) of selected parent ions of different oligosaccharide lengths showed the presence of characteristic glycosidic bond cleavages Bn/Cn, the linear backbone by 1-6 linkage, and the cross-ring fragment, 0,3An. 27543344 10 27 with backbone 1416:1423 arg1 branches 1430:1437 branches 1430:1437 branches composed of three 1-3 linked glucose units connected to backbone by 1-6 linkage 1430:1517 The repeating unit of isolate DQW1Pa1 was deduced as 1-3 linked linear glucose backbone with branches composed of three 1-3 linked glucose units connected to backbone by 1-6 linkage. 27543344 3 28 dep spectroscopy 382:393 arg1 studies 422:428 studies 422:428 studies 422:428 FTIR-ATR spectroscopy and absolute configuration studies showed that this polysaccharide is a β-d-glucan. 27543344 1 29 dep time 137:140 arg1 isolation 158:166 isolation 158:166 isolation 158:166 We report for the first time the extraction, isolation, and the proposed structure of a polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Daedalea quercina. 27543344 1 29 dep time 137:140 arg1 extraction 146:155 extraction 146:155 extraction 146:155 We report for the first time the extraction, isolation, and the proposed structure of a polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Daedalea quercina. 27543344 1 29 dep time 137:140 arg1 structure 186:194 the proposed structure 173:194 the proposed structure of a polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Daedalea quercina 173:260 We report for the first time the extraction, isolation, and the proposed structure of a polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Daedalea quercina. 27543344 10 30 link linked 1461:1466 arg1 units 1476:1480 three 1-3 linked glucose units 1451:1480 three 1-3 linked glucose units connected to backbone by 1-6 linkage 1451:1517 The repeating unit of isolate DQW1Pa1 was deduced as 1-3 linked linear glucose backbone with branches composed of three 1-3 linked glucose units connected to backbone by 1-6 linkage. 27543344 3 31 theme absolute 399:406 arg1 configuration 408:420 absolute configuration 399:420 absolute configuration 399:420 FTIR-ATR spectroscopy and absolute configuration studies showed that this polysaccharide is a β-d-glucan. 27543344 7 32 theme diagnostic 1061:1070 arg1 ion 1072:1074 diagnostic ion 1061:1074 diagnostic ion of [D] and [D-H2O] types 1061:1099 Presence of branching unit was identified from high intensity 0,3A4 fragment and verified from diagnostic ion of [D] and [D-H2O] types. 27543344 1 33 theme Daedalea 244:251 arg1 bodies 234:239 the fruiting bodies 221:239 the fruiting bodies of Daedalea quercina 221:260 We report for the first time the extraction, isolation, and the proposed structure of a polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Daedalea quercina. 27543344 6 34 theme ions 781:784 arg1 Dissociation 743:754 Collision Induced Dissociation 725:754 Collision Induced Dissociation (CID) of selected parent ions of different oligosaccharide lengths 725:821 Collision Induced Dissociation (CID) of selected parent ions of different oligosaccharide lengths showed the presence of characteristic glycosidic bond cleavages Bn/Cn, the linear backbone by 1-6 linkage, and the cross-ring fragment, 0,3An. 27543344 6 34 theme ions 781:784 arg1 CID 757:759 CID 757:759 CID 757:759 Collision Induced Dissociation (CID) of selected parent ions of different oligosaccharide lengths showed the presence of characteristic glycosidic bond cleavages Bn/Cn, the linear backbone by 1-6 linkage, and the cross-ring fragment, 0,3An. 27543344 7 35 theme [D-H2O 1087:1092 arg1 types 1095:1099 [D] and [D-H2O] types 1079:1099 types 1095:1099 Presence of branching unit was identified from high intensity 0,3A4 fragment and verified from diagnostic ion of [D] and [D-H2O] types. 27543344 10 36 theme linked 1461:1466 arg1 units 1476:1480 three 1-3 linked glucose units 1451:1480 three 1-3 linked glucose units connected to backbone by 1-6 linkage 1451:1517 The repeating unit of isolate DQW1Pa1 was deduced as 1-3 linked linear glucose backbone with branches composed of three 1-3 linked glucose units connected to backbone by 1-6 linkage. 27543344 1 37 from bodies 234:239 arg1 polysaccharide 201:214 a polysaccharide 199:214 a polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Daedalea quercina 199:260 We report for the first time the extraction, isolation, and the proposed structure of a polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Daedalea quercina. 27543344 1 37 from bodies 234:239 arg1 isolation 158:166 isolation 158:166 isolation 158:166 We report for the first time the extraction, isolation, and the proposed structure of a polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Daedalea quercina. 27543344 1 37 from bodies 234:239 arg1 extraction 146:155 extraction 146:155 extraction 146:155 We report for the first time the extraction, isolation, and the proposed structure of a polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Daedalea quercina. 27543344 1 37 from bodies 234:239 arg1 structure 186:194 the proposed structure 173:194 the proposed structure of a polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Daedalea quercina 173:260 We report for the first time the extraction, isolation, and the proposed structure of a polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Daedalea quercina. 27543344 6 38 theme parent 774:779 arg1 ions 781:784 selected parent ions 765:784 selected parent ions 765:784 Collision Induced Dissociation (CID) of selected parent ions of different oligosaccharide lengths showed the presence of characteristic glycosidic bond cleavages Bn/Cn, the linear backbone by 1-6 linkage, and the cross-ring fragment, 0,3An. 27543344 9 39 link linked 1270:1275 arg1 glucose 1277:1283 1-3, 1-6, 1- and 1-3-6 linked glucose 1247:1283 1-3, 1-6, 1- and 1-3-6 linked glucose 1247:1283 Results showed the presence of 1-3, 1-6, 1- and 1-3-6 linked glucose in the order of decreasing abundance, respectively. 27543344 5 40 theme glucose 710:716 arg1 units 718:722 the glucose units 706:722 the glucose units 706:722 MALDI-QTOF MS/MS was carried out to identify the linkage and connectivity of the glucose units. 27543344 2 41 theme monosaccharide 267:280 arg1 composition 282:292 The monosaccharide composition 263:292 The monosaccharide composition of D. quercina isolate (DQW1Pa1) 263:325 The monosaccharide composition of D. quercina isolate (DQW1Pa1) was mainly glucose as identified using GC-MS. 27543344 2 41 theme monosaccharide 267:280 arg1 glucose 338:344 glucose 338:344 glucose 338:344 The monosaccharide composition of D. quercina isolate (DQW1Pa1) was mainly glucose as identified using GC-MS. 27543344 10 42 theme 1-6 1507:1509 arg1 linkage 1511:1517 1-6 linkage 1507:1517 1-6 linkage 1507:1517 The repeating unit of isolate DQW1Pa1 was deduced as 1-3 linked linear glucose backbone with branches composed of three 1-3 linked glucose units connected to backbone by 1-6 linkage. 27543344 0 43 theme MS/MS 37:41 arg1 analysis 43:50 MALDI-QTOF MS/MS analysis 26:50 MALDI-QTOF MS/MS analysis 26:50 Extraction, isolation and MALDI-QTOF MS/MS analysis of β-d-Glucan from the fruiting bodies of Daedalea quercina. 27543344 10 44 theme repeating 1341:1349 arg1 unit 1351:1354 The repeating unit 1337:1354 The repeating unit of isolate DQW1Pa1 1337:1373 The repeating unit of isolate DQW1Pa1 was deduced as 1-3 linked linear glucose backbone with branches composed of three 1-3 linked glucose units connected to backbone by 1-6 linkage. 27543344 10 44 theme repeating 1341:1349 arg1 backbone 1416:1423 1-3 linked linear glucose backbone 1390:1423 1-3 linked linear glucose backbone with branches composed of three 1-3 linked glucose units connected to backbone by 1-6 linkage 1390:1517 The repeating unit of isolate DQW1Pa1 was deduced as 1-3 linked linear glucose backbone with branches composed of three 1-3 linked glucose units connected to backbone by 1-6 linkage. 27543344 5 45 theme units 718:722 arg1 connectivity 690:701 connectivity 690:701 connectivity 690:701 MALDI-QTOF MS/MS was carried out to identify the linkage and connectivity of the glucose units. 27543344 5 45 theme units 718:722 arg1 linkage 678:684 linkage 678:684 linkage 678:684 MALDI-QTOF MS/MS was carried out to identify the linkage and connectivity of the glucose units. 27543344 6 46 theme Bn/Cn 887:891 arg1 presence 834:841 the presence 830:841 the presence of characteristic glycosidic bond cleavages Bn/Cn, the linear backbone by 1-6 linkage, and the cross-ring fragment, 0,3An 830:963 Collision Induced Dissociation (CID) of selected parent ions of different oligosaccharide lengths showed the presence of characteristic glycosidic bond cleavages Bn/Cn, the linear backbone by 1-6 linkage, and the cross-ring fragment, 0,3An. 27543344 9 47 from presence 1235:1242 arg1 order 1292:1296 the order 1288:1296 the order of decreasing abundance, respectively 1288:1334 Results showed the presence of 1-3, 1-6, 1- and 1-3-6 linked glucose in the order of decreasing abundance, respectively. 27543344 1 48 theme proposed 177:184 arg1 structure 186:194 the proposed structure 173:194 the proposed structure of a polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Daedalea quercina 173:260 We report for the first time the extraction, isolation, and the proposed structure of a polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Daedalea quercina. 27543344 0 49 theme MALDI-QTOF 26:35 arg1 analysis 43:50 MALDI-QTOF MS/MS analysis 26:50 MALDI-QTOF MS/MS analysis 26:50 Extraction, isolation and MALDI-QTOF MS/MS analysis of β-d-Glucan from the fruiting bodies of Daedalea quercina. 27543344 4 50 theme size 523:526 arg1 chromatography 538:551 size exclusion chromatography 523:551 size exclusion chromatography 523:551 Its average molecular weight obtained using size exclusion chromatography was 1.6×104Da, consistent with glucans derived from the order Polyporaceae. 27543344 7 51 theme branching 978:986 arg1 unit 988:991 branching unit 978:991 branching unit 978:991 Presence of branching unit was identified from high intensity 0,3A4 fragment and verified from diagnostic ion of [D] and [D-H2O] types. 27543344 6 52 theme cleavages 877:885 arg1 Bn/Cn 887:891 characteristic glycosidic bond cleavages Bn/Cn 846:891 characteristic glycosidic bond cleavages Bn/Cn 846:891 Collision Induced Dissociation (CID) of selected parent ions of different oligosaccharide lengths showed the presence of characteristic glycosidic bond cleavages Bn/Cn, the linear backbone by 1-6 linkage, and the cross-ring fragment, 0,3An. 27543344 6 53 theme selected 765:772 arg1 ions 781:784 selected parent ions 765:784 selected parent ions 765:784 Collision Induced Dissociation (CID) of selected parent ions of different oligosaccharide lengths showed the presence of characteristic glycosidic bond cleavages Bn/Cn, the linear backbone by 1-6 linkage, and the cross-ring fragment, 0,3An. 27543344 6 54 theme fragment 949:956 arg1 presence 834:841 the presence 830:841 the presence of characteristic glycosidic bond cleavages Bn/Cn, the linear backbone by 1-6 linkage, and the cross-ring fragment, 0,3An 830:963 Collision Induced Dissociation (CID) of selected parent ions of different oligosaccharide lengths showed the presence of characteristic glycosidic bond cleavages Bn/Cn, the linear backbone by 1-6 linkage, and the cross-ring fragment, 0,3An. 27543344 8 55 theme methylation 1194:1204 arg1 analysis 1206:1213 methylation analysis 1194:1213 methylation analysis 1194:1213 To confirm the linkage assignment obtained using MALDI-QTOF MS/MS, DQW1Pa1 was subjected to methylation analysis. 27543344 6 56 theme bond 872:875 arg1 Bn/Cn 887:891 characteristic glycosidic bond cleavages Bn/Cn 846:891 characteristic glycosidic bond cleavages Bn/Cn 846:891 Collision Induced Dissociation (CID) of selected parent ions of different oligosaccharide lengths showed the presence of characteristic glycosidic bond cleavages Bn/Cn, the linear backbone by 1-6 linkage, and the cross-ring fragment, 0,3An. 27543344 1 57 from structure 186:194 arg1 bodies 234:239 the fruiting bodies 221:239 the fruiting bodies of Daedalea quercina 221:260 We report for the first time the extraction, isolation, and the proposed structure of a polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Daedalea quercina. 27543344 3 58 theme FTIR-ATR 373:380 arg1 spectroscopy 382:393 FTIR-ATR spectroscopy 373:393 FTIR-ATR spectroscopy 373:393 FTIR-ATR spectroscopy and absolute configuration studies showed that this polysaccharide is a β-d-glucan. 27543344 6 59 theme cross-ring 938:947 arg1 fragment 949:956 the cross-ring fragment 934:956 the cross-ring fragment 934:956 Collision Induced Dissociation (CID) of selected parent ions of different oligosaccharide lengths showed the presence of characteristic glycosidic bond cleavages Bn/Cn, the linear backbone by 1-6 linkage, and the cross-ring fragment, 0,3An. 27543344 6 59 theme cross-ring 938:947 arg1 0,3An 959:963 0,3An 959:963 0,3An 959:963 Collision Induced Dissociation (CID) of selected parent ions of different oligosaccharide lengths showed the presence of characteristic glycosidic bond cleavages Bn/Cn, the linear backbone by 1-6 linkage, and the cross-ring fragment, 0,3An. 27543344 10 60 theme glucose 1468:1474 arg1 units 1476:1480 three 1-3 linked glucose units 1451:1480 three 1-3 linked glucose units connected to backbone by 1-6 linkage 1451:1517 The repeating unit of isolate DQW1Pa1 was deduced as 1-3 linked linear glucose backbone with branches composed of three 1-3 linked glucose units connected to backbone by 1-6 linkage. 27543344 6 61 theme glycosidic 861:870 arg1 Bn/Cn 887:891 characteristic glycosidic bond cleavages Bn/Cn 846:891 characteristic glycosidic bond cleavages Bn/Cn 846:891 Collision Induced Dissociation (CID) of selected parent ions of different oligosaccharide lengths showed the presence of characteristic glycosidic bond cleavages Bn/Cn, the linear backbone by 1-6 linkage, and the cross-ring fragment, 0,3An. 27543344 10 62 theme linear 1401:1406 arg1 unit 1351:1354 The repeating unit 1337:1354 The repeating unit of isolate DQW1Pa1 1337:1373 The repeating unit of isolate DQW1Pa1 was deduced as 1-3 linked linear glucose backbone with branches composed of three 1-3 linked glucose units connected to backbone by 1-6 linkage. 27543344 10 62 theme linear 1401:1406 arg1 backbone 1416:1423 1-3 linked linear glucose backbone 1390:1423 1-3 linked linear glucose backbone with branches composed of three 1-3 linked glucose units connected to backbone by 1-6 linkage 1390:1517 The repeating unit of isolate DQW1Pa1 was deduced as 1-3 linked linear glucose backbone with branches composed of three 1-3 linked glucose units connected to backbone by 1-6 linkage. 27543344 4 63 theme exclusion 528:536 arg1 chromatography 538:551 size exclusion chromatography 523:551 size exclusion chromatography 523:551 Its average molecular weight obtained using size exclusion chromatography was 1.6×104Da, consistent with glucans derived from the order Polyporaceae. 27543344 6 64 theme characteristic 846:859 arg1 Bn/Cn 887:891 characteristic glycosidic bond cleavages Bn/Cn 846:891 characteristic glycosidic bond cleavages Bn/Cn 846:891 Collision Induced Dissociation (CID) of selected parent ions of different oligosaccharide lengths showed the presence of characteristic glycosidic bond cleavages Bn/Cn, the linear backbone by 1-6 linkage, and the cross-ring fragment, 0,3An. 27543344 7 65 theme high 1013:1016 arg1 fragment 1034:1041 high intensity 0,3A4 fragment 1013:1041 high intensity 0,3A4 fragment 1013:1041 Presence of branching unit was identified from high intensity 0,3A4 fragment and verified from diagnostic ion of [D] and [D-H2O] types. 27543344 2 66 theme isolate 309:315 arg1 composition 282:292 The monosaccharide composition 263:292 The monosaccharide composition of D. quercina isolate (DQW1Pa1) 263:325 The monosaccharide composition of D. quercina isolate (DQW1Pa1) was mainly glucose as identified using GC-MS. 27543344 2 66 theme isolate 309:315 arg1 glucose 338:344 glucose 338:344 glucose 338:344 The monosaccharide composition of D. quercina isolate (DQW1Pa1) was mainly glucose as identified using GC-MS. 27543344 6 67 theme Induced 735:741 arg1 Dissociation 743:754 Collision Induced Dissociation 725:754 Collision Induced Dissociation (CID) of selected parent ions of different oligosaccharide lengths 725:821 Collision Induced Dissociation (CID) of selected parent ions of different oligosaccharide lengths showed the presence of characteristic glycosidic bond cleavages Bn/Cn, the linear backbone by 1-6 linkage, and the cross-ring fragment, 0,3An. 27543344 6 67 theme Induced 735:741 arg1 CID 757:759 CID 757:759 CID 757:759 Collision Induced Dissociation (CID) of selected parent ions of different oligosaccharide lengths showed the presence of characteristic glycosidic bond cleavages Bn/Cn, the linear backbone by 1-6 linkage, and the cross-ring fragment, 0,3An. 27543344 4 68 theme order 609:613 arg1 Polyporaceae 615:626 the order Polyporaceae 605:626 the order Polyporaceae 605:626 Its average molecular weight obtained using size exclusion chromatography was 1.6×104Da, consistent with glucans derived from the order Polyporaceae. 27543344 7 69 theme intensity 1018:1026 arg1 fragment 1034:1041 high intensity 0,3A4 fragment 1013:1041 high intensity 0,3A4 fragment 1013:1041 Presence of branching unit was identified from high intensity 0,3A4 fragment and verified from diagnostic ion of [D] and [D-H2O] types. 27543344 1 70 from isolation 158:166 arg1 bodies 234:239 the fruiting bodies 221:239 the fruiting bodies of Daedalea quercina 221:260 We report for the first time the extraction, isolation, and the proposed structure of a polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Daedalea quercina. 27543344 2 71 theme quercina 300:307 arg1 DQW1Pa1 318:324 DQW1Pa1 318:324 DQW1Pa1 318:324 The monosaccharide composition of D. quercina isolate (DQW1Pa1) was mainly glucose as identified using GC-MS. 27543344 2 71 theme quercina 300:307 arg1 isolate 309:315 D. quercina isolate 297:315 D. quercina isolate (DQW1Pa1) 297:325 The monosaccharide composition of D. quercina isolate (DQW1Pa1) was mainly glucose as identified using GC-MS. 27543344 8 72 theme linkage 1117:1123 arg1 assignment 1125:1134 the linkage assignment 1113:1134 the linkage assignment obtained using MALDI-QTOF MS/MS 1113:1166 To confirm the linkage assignment obtained using MALDI-QTOF MS/MS, DQW1Pa1 was subjected to methylation analysis. 27543344 0 73 from bodies 84:89 arg1 isolation 12:20 isolation 12:20 isolation 12:20 Extraction, isolation and MALDI-QTOF MS/MS analysis of β-d-Glucan from the fruiting bodies of Daedalea quercina. 27543344 0 73 from bodies 84:89 arg1 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction, isolation and MALDI-QTOF MS/MS analysis of β-d-Glucan from the fruiting bodies of Daedalea quercina. 27543344 0 73 from bodies 84:89 arg1 analysis 43:50 MALDI-QTOF MS/MS analysis 26:50 MALDI-QTOF MS/MS analysis 26:50 Extraction, isolation and MALDI-QTOF MS/MS analysis of β-d-Glucan from the fruiting bodies of Daedalea quercina. 27543344 4 74 attach derived 592:598 arg1 Polyporaceae 615:626 the order Polyporaceae 605:626 the order Polyporaceae 605:626 Its average molecular weight obtained using size exclusion chromatography was 1.6×104Da, consistent with glucans derived from the order Polyporaceae. 27543344 4 74 attach derived 592:598 arg2 glucans 584:590 glucans 584:590 glucans derived from the order Polyporaceae 584:626 Its average molecular weight obtained using size exclusion chromatography was 1.6×104Da, consistent with glucans derived from the order Polyporaceae. 27543344 9 75 attach presence 1235:1242 arg2 glucose 1277:1283 1-3, 1-6, 1- and 1-3-6 linked glucose 1247:1283 1-3, 1-6, 1- and 1-3-6 linked glucose 1247:1283 Results showed the presence of 1-3, 1-6, 1- and 1-3-6 linked glucose in the order of decreasing abundance, respectively. 27543344 9 75 attach presence 1235:1242 arg1 order 1292:1296 the order 1288:1296 the order of decreasing abundance, respectively 1288:1334 Results showed the presence of 1-3, 1-6, 1- and 1-3-6 linked glucose in the order of decreasing abundance, respectively. 27543344 1 76 theme polysaccharide 201:214 arg1 isolation 158:166 isolation 158:166 isolation 158:166 We report for the first time the extraction, isolation, and the proposed structure of a polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Daedalea quercina. 27543344 1 76 theme polysaccharide 201:214 arg1 extraction 146:155 extraction 146:155 extraction 146:155 We report for the first time the extraction, isolation, and the proposed structure of a polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Daedalea quercina. 27543344 1 76 theme polysaccharide 201:214 arg1 structure 186:194 the proposed structure 173:194 the proposed structure of a polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Daedalea quercina 173:260 We report for the first time the extraction, isolation, and the proposed structure of a polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Daedalea quercina. 27543344 0 77 theme β-d-Glucan 55:64 arg1 isolation 12:20 isolation 12:20 isolation 12:20 Extraction, isolation and MALDI-QTOF MS/MS analysis of β-d-Glucan from the fruiting bodies of Daedalea quercina. 27543344 0 77 theme β-d-Glucan 55:64 arg1 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction, isolation and MALDI-QTOF MS/MS analysis of β-d-Glucan from the fruiting bodies of Daedalea quercina. 27543344 0 77 theme β-d-Glucan 55:64 arg1 analysis 43:50 MALDI-QTOF MS/MS analysis 26:50 MALDI-QTOF MS/MS analysis 26:50 Extraction, isolation and MALDI-QTOF MS/MS analysis of β-d-Glucan from the fruiting bodies of Daedalea quercina. 27543344 4 78 theme molecular 491:499 arg1 weight 501:506 Its average molecular weight 479:506 Its average molecular weight obtained using size exclusion chromatography 479:551 Its average molecular weight obtained using size exclusion chromatography was 1.6×104Da, consistent with glucans derived from the order Polyporaceae. 27543344 1 79 from extraction 146:155 arg1 bodies 234:239 the fruiting bodies 221:239 the fruiting bodies of Daedalea quercina 221:260 We report for the first time the extraction, isolation, and the proposed structure of a polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Daedalea quercina. 27543344 1 80 theme first 131:135 arg1 time 137:140 the first time the extraction, isolation, and the proposed structure of a polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Daedalea quercina 127:260 the first time the extraction, isolation, and the proposed structure of a polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Daedalea quercina 127:260 We report for the first time the extraction, isolation, and the proposed structure of a polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Daedalea quercina. 24299857 7 0 theme power 611:615 arg1 water/gstarch 625:637 power 17.64 g water/gstarch 611:637 power 17.64 g water/gstarch 611:637 At 90°C, solubility was 20.42%, swelling power 17.64 g water/gstarch and water absorption capacity was 13 gwater/gstarch. 24299857 5 1 dep high 441:444 arg1 % 452:452 92.57% 447:452 92.57% 447:452 Starch purity was high (92.57%) with amylose content of 25.36%. 24299857 1 2 theme chemical 142:149 arg1 composition 151:161 its chemical composition 138:161 its chemical composition 138:161 In this paper, the Ramon starch was isolated and its chemical composition and physical and microscopic characteristics were determined. 24299857 3 3 from general 263:269 arg1 composition 285:295 the proximal composition 272:295 the proximal composition 272:295 In general, the proximal composition was similar between starches studied. 24299857 3 3 from general 263:269 arg1 similar 301:307 similar 301:307 similar 301:307 In general, the proximal composition was similar between starches studied. 24299857 6 4 theme gelatinization 491:504 arg1 temperature 506:516 The gelatinization temperature 487:516 The gelatinization temperature 487:516 The gelatinization temperature was 83.05°C and transition enthalpy was 21.423 J/g. 24299857 5 5 theme Starch 423:428 arg1 purity 430:435 Starch purity 423:435 Starch purity 423:435 Starch purity was high (92.57%) with amylose content of 25.36%. 24299857 8 6 theme starch 739:744 arg1 color 712:716 color 712:716 color 712:716 The pH, clarity and color (Hue angle) of Ramon starch were higher to those reported for corn starch. 24299857 8 6 theme starch 739:744 arg1 angle 723:727 Hue angle 719:727 Hue angle 719:727 The pH, clarity and color (Hue angle) of Ramon starch were higher to those reported for corn starch. 24299857 8 6 theme starch 739:744 arg1 clarity 700:706 clarity 700:706 clarity 700:706 The pH, clarity and color (Hue angle) of Ramon starch were higher to those reported for corn starch. 24299857 8 6 theme starch 739:744 arg1 pH 696:697 pH 696:697 pH 696:697 The pH, clarity and color (Hue angle) of Ramon starch were higher to those reported for corn starch. 24299857 9 7 theme food 873:876 arg1 systems 878:884 food systems 873:884 food systems requiring high processing temperatures 873:923 The results achieved suggest that Ramon starch has potential for application in food systems requiring high processing temperatures and it is also a promising option for use in the manufacture of biodegradable materials. 24299857 5 8 with high 441:444 arg1 content 468:474 amylose content 460:474 amylose content of 25.36% 460:484 Starch purity was high (92.57%) with amylose content of 25.36%. 24299857 2 9 used used 241:244 arg2 reference 249:257 reference 249:257 reference 249:257 Corn starch was used as reference. 24299857 2 9 used used 241:244 arg2 starch 230:235 Corn starch 225:235 Corn starch 225:235 Corn starch was used as reference. 24299857 8 10 theme Ramon 733:737 arg1 starch 739:744 Ramon starch 733:744 Ramon starch 733:744 The pH, clarity and color (Hue angle) of Ramon starch were higher to those reported for corn starch. 24299857 5 11 theme amylose 460:466 arg1 content 468:474 amylose content 460:474 amylose content of 25.36% 460:484 Starch purity was high (92.57%) with amylose content of 25.36%. 24299857 9 12 theme materials 1003:1011 arg1 manufacture 974:984 the manufacture 970:984 the manufacture of biodegradable materials 970:1011 The results achieved suggest that Ramon starch has potential for application in food systems requiring high processing temperatures and it is also a promising option for use in the manufacture of biodegradable materials. 24299857 4 13 with oval-spherical 362:375 arg1 sizes 394:398 sizes 394:398 sizes between 6.5 and 15 μm 394:420 Ramon starch granules were oval-spherical and rounded with sizes between 6.5 and 15 μm. 24299857 9 14 contain has 840:842 arg2 potential 844:852 potential 844:852 potential for application 844:868 The results achieved suggest that Ramon starch has potential for application in food systems requiring high processing temperatures and it is also a promising option for use in the manufacture of biodegradable materials. 24299857 9 14 contain has 840:842 arg1 starch 833:838 Ramon starch 827:838 Ramon starch 827:838 The results achieved suggest that Ramon starch has potential for application in food systems requiring high processing temperatures and it is also a promising option for use in the manufacture of biodegradable materials. 24299857 9 15 theme high 896:899 arg1 temperatures 912:923 high processing temperatures 896:923 high processing temperatures 896:923 The results achieved suggest that Ramon starch has potential for application in food systems requiring high processing temperatures and it is also a promising option for use in the manufacture of biodegradable materials. 24299857 1 16 theme physical 167:174 arg1 characteristics 192:206 physical and microscopic characteristics 167:206 physical and microscopic characteristics 167:206 In this paper, the Ramon starch was isolated and its chemical composition and physical and microscopic characteristics were determined. 24299857 9 17 theme processing 901:910 arg1 temperatures 912:923 high processing temperatures 896:923 high processing temperatures 896:923 The results achieved suggest that Ramon starch has potential for application in food systems requiring high processing temperatures and it is also a promising option for use in the manufacture of biodegradable materials. 24299857 9 18 from use 963:965 arg1 manufacture 974:984 the manufacture 970:984 the manufacture of biodegradable materials 970:1011 The results achieved suggest that Ramon starch has potential for application in food systems requiring high processing temperatures and it is also a promising option for use in the manufacture of biodegradable materials. 24299857 8 19 dep pH 696:697 arg1 The 692:694 The 692:694 The 692:694 The pH, clarity and color (Hue angle) of Ramon starch were higher to those reported for corn starch. 24299857 1 20 theme microscopic 180:190 arg1 characteristics 192:206 physical and microscopic characteristics 167:206 physical and microscopic characteristics 167:206 In this paper, the Ramon starch was isolated and its chemical composition and physical and microscopic characteristics were determined. 24299857 0 21 theme starch 34:39 arg1 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 Isolation and characterization of starch obtained from Brosimum alicastrum Swarts seeds. 24299857 0 21 theme starch 34:39 arg1 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation and characterization of starch obtained from Brosimum alicastrum Swarts seeds. 24299857 7 22 theme water 643:647 arg1 capacity 660:667 water absorption capacity 643:667 water absorption capacity 643:667 At 90°C, solubility was 20.42%, swelling power 17.64 g water/gstarch and water absorption capacity was 13 gwater/gstarch. 24299857 4 23 theme starch 341:346 arg1 granules 348:355 Ramon starch granules 335:355 Ramon starch granules 335:355 Ramon starch granules were oval-spherical and rounded with sizes between 6.5 and 15 μm. 24299857 0 24 theme Brosimum 55:62 arg1 seeds 82:86 Brosimum alicastrum Swarts seeds 55:86 Brosimum alicastrum Swarts seeds 55:86 Isolation and characterization of starch obtained from Brosimum alicastrum Swarts seeds. 24299857 9 25 theme Ramon 827:831 arg1 starch 833:838 Ramon starch 827:838 Ramon starch 827:838 The results achieved suggest that Ramon starch has potential for application in food systems requiring high processing temperatures and it is also a promising option for use in the manufacture of biodegradable materials. 24299857 7 26 theme absorption 649:658 arg1 capacity 660:667 water absorption capacity 643:667 water absorption capacity 643:667 At 90°C, solubility was 20.42%, swelling power 17.64 g water/gstarch and water absorption capacity was 13 gwater/gstarch. 24299857 2 27 theme Corn 225:228 arg1 starch 230:235 Corn starch 225:235 Corn starch 225:235 Corn starch was used as reference. 24299857 2 27 theme Corn 225:228 arg1 reference 249:257 reference 249:257 reference 249:257 Corn starch was used as reference. 24299857 4 28 theme Ramon 335:339 arg1 granules 348:355 Ramon starch granules 335:355 Ramon starch granules 335:355 Ramon starch granules were oval-spherical and rounded with sizes between 6.5 and 15 μm. 24299857 6 29 theme transition 534:543 arg1 enthalpy 545:552 transition enthalpy 534:552 transition enthalpy 534:552 The gelatinization temperature was 83.05°C and transition enthalpy was 21.423 J/g. 24299857 8 30 theme corn 780:783 arg1 starch 785:790 corn starch 780:790 corn starch 780:790 The pH, clarity and color (Hue angle) of Ramon starch were higher to those reported for corn starch. 24299857 1 31 theme Ramon 108:112 arg1 starch 114:119 the Ramon starch 104:119 the Ramon starch 104:119 In this paper, the Ramon starch was isolated and its chemical composition and physical and microscopic characteristics were determined. 24299857 9 32 theme promising 942:950 arg1 option 952:957 a promising option 940:957 a promising option for use in the manufacture of biodegradable materials 940:1011 The results achieved suggest that Ramon starch has potential for application in food systems requiring high processing temperatures and it is also a promising option for use in the manufacture of biodegradable materials. 24299857 9 32 theme promising 942:950 arg1 it 929:930 it 929:930 it 929:930 The results achieved suggest that Ramon starch has potential for application in food systems requiring high processing temperatures and it is also a promising option for use in the manufacture of biodegradable materials. 24299857 3 33 theme proximal 276:283 arg1 composition 285:295 the proximal composition 272:295 the proximal composition 272:295 In general, the proximal composition was similar between starches studied. 24299857 3 33 theme proximal 276:283 arg1 similar 301:307 similar 301:307 similar 301:307 In general, the proximal composition was similar between starches studied. 24299857 7 34 from 90°C 573:576 arg1 gwater/gstarch 676:689 13 gwater/gstarch 673:689 13 gwater/gstarch 673:689 At 90°C, solubility was 20.42%, swelling power 17.64 g water/gstarch and water absorption capacity was 13 gwater/gstarch. 24299857 7 34 from 90°C 573:576 arg1 % 599:599 20.42% 594:599 20.42% 594:599 At 90°C, solubility was 20.42%, swelling power 17.64 g water/gstarch and water absorption capacity was 13 gwater/gstarch. 24299857 5 35 theme % 484:484 arg1 content 468:474 amylose content 460:474 amylose content of 25.36% 460:484 Starch purity was high (92.57%) with amylose content of 25.36%. 24299857 0 36 theme Swarts 75:80 arg1 seeds 82:86 Brosimum alicastrum Swarts seeds 55:86 Brosimum alicastrum Swarts seeds 55:86 Isolation and characterization of starch obtained from Brosimum alicastrum Swarts seeds. 24299857 7 37 theme g 623:623 arg1 water/gstarch 625:637 power 17.64 g water/gstarch 611:637 power 17.64 g water/gstarch 611:637 At 90°C, solubility was 20.42%, swelling power 17.64 g water/gstarch and water absorption capacity was 13 gwater/gstarch. 24299857 0 38 theme alicastrum 64:73 arg1 seeds 82:86 Brosimum alicastrum Swarts seeds 55:86 Brosimum alicastrum Swarts seeds 55:86 Isolation and characterization of starch obtained from Brosimum alicastrum Swarts seeds. 24299857 8 39 theme Hue 719:721 arg1 angle 723:727 Hue angle 719:727 Hue angle 719:727 The pH, clarity and color (Hue angle) of Ramon starch were higher to those reported for corn starch. 24299857 8 39 theme Hue 719:721 arg1 pH 696:697 pH 696:697 pH 696:697 The pH, clarity and color (Hue angle) of Ramon starch were higher to those reported for corn starch. 24299857 9 40 theme biodegradable 989:1001 arg1 materials 1003:1011 biodegradable materials 989:1011 biodegradable materials 989:1011 The results achieved suggest that Ramon starch has potential for application in food systems requiring high processing temperatures and it is also a promising option for use in the manufacture of biodegradable materials. 24299857 3 41 from similar 301:307 arg1 general 263:269 general 263:269 general 263:269 In general, the proximal composition was similar between starches studied. 24222411 3 0 theme adjacent 608:615 arg1 atoms 624:628 adjacent carbon atoms 608:628 adjacent carbon atoms 608:628 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR distinguishes particularly between the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms, and leads to a characteristic enrichment of each carbon atom of amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24222411 10 1 theme starch 1983:1988 arg1 hydrolysate 1990:2000 starch hydrolysate 1983:2000 starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2D HSQC NMR spectra 1983:2042 In addition, this chapter includes procedures to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units from protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2D HSQC NMR spectra. 24222411 7 2 theme peak 1355:1358 arg1 structure 1360:1368 The peak structure 1351:1368 The peak structure obtained from the HSQC experiment 1351:1402 The peak structure obtained from the HSQC experiment show multiplet patterns, which are directly related to isotopomer balancing. 24222411 10 3 theme 2D 2024:2025 arg1 spectra 2036:2042 2D HSQC NMR spectra 2024:2042 2D HSQC NMR spectra 2024:2042 In addition, this chapter includes procedures to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units from protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2D HSQC NMR spectra. 24222411 6 4 theme prior 1198:1202 arg1 compounds 1188:1196 separate individual compounds 1168:1196 separate individual compounds prior to analysis 1168:1214 NMR has the advantage of minimal sample handle without separate individual compounds prior to analysis, for example multiple isotopomers can be detected, and their distribution extracted quantitatively from a single 2D HSQC NMR spectrum. 24222411 7 5 theme HSQC 1388:1391 arg1 experiment 1393:1402 the HSQC experiment 1384:1402 the HSQC experiment 1384:1402 The peak structure obtained from the HSQC experiment show multiplet patterns, which are directly related to isotopomer balancing. 24222411 3 6 from hydrolysates 750:761 arg1 present 739:745 present 739:745 present 739:745 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR distinguishes particularly between the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms, and leads to a characteristic enrichment of each carbon atom of amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24222411 10 7 theme embryos 2013:2019 arg1 hydrolysate 1990:2000 starch hydrolysate 1983:2000 starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2D HSQC NMR spectra 1983:2042 In addition, this chapter includes procedures to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units from protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2D HSQC NMR spectra. 24222411 10 8 theme relative 1876:1883 arg1 intensity 1885:1893 the relative intensity 1872:1893 the relative intensity of 16 amino acids 1872:1911 In addition, this chapter includes procedures to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units from protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2D HSQC NMR spectra. 24222411 6 9 theme individual 1177:1186 arg1 compounds 1188:1196 separate individual compounds 1168:1196 separate individual compounds prior to analysis 1168:1214 NMR has the advantage of minimal sample handle without separate individual compounds prior to analysis, for example multiple isotopomers can be detected, and their distribution extracted quantitatively from a single 2D HSQC NMR spectrum. 24222411 1 10 theme plant 180:184 arg1 systems 186:192 plant systems 180:192 plant systems 180:192 Comprehensive analysis of isotopic labeling patterns of metabolites in proteinogenic amino acids and starch for plant systems lay in the powerful tool of 2-Dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy. 24222411 2 11 theme isomers 471:477 arg1 quantification 434:447 the quantification 430:447 the quantification of positional isotope isomers (isotopomer) 430:490 From (13)C-labeling experiments, 2D NMR provides information on the labeling of particular carbon positions, which contributes to the quantification of positional isotope isomers (isotopomer). 24222411 3 12 theme characteristic 646:659 arg1 enrichment 661:670 a characteristic enrichment 644:670 a characteristic enrichment of each carbon atom of amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein 644:785 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR distinguishes particularly between the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms, and leads to a characteristic enrichment of each carbon atom of amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24222411 5 13 theme amino 994:998 arg1 acids 1000:1004 proteinogenic amino acids 980:1004 proteinogenic amino acids 980:1004 Therefore, the 2D HSQC NMR method uses proteinogenic amino acids and starch to provide an understanding of carbon distribution of compartmentalization in the plant system. 24222411 2 14 theme positional 452:461 arg1 isotopomer 480:489 isotopomer 480:489 isotopomer 480:489 From (13)C-labeling experiments, 2D NMR provides information on the labeling of particular carbon positions, which contributes to the quantification of positional isotope isomers (isotopomer). 24222411 2 14 theme positional 452:461 arg1 isomers 471:477 positional isotope isomers 452:477 positional isotope isomers (isotopomer) 452:490 From (13)C-labeling experiments, 2D NMR provides information on the labeling of particular carbon positions, which contributes to the quantification of positional isotope isomers (isotopomer). 24222411 1 15 dep 2-Dimensional 222:234 arg1 C 247:247 (13)C 243:247 (13)C 243:247 Comprehensive analysis of isotopic labeling patterns of metabolites in proteinogenic amino acids and starch for plant systems lay in the powerful tool of 2-Dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy. 24222411 1 15 dep 2-Dimensional 222:234 arg1 H 240:240 (1)H 237:240 (1)H 237:240 Comprehensive analysis of isotopic labeling patterns of metabolites in proteinogenic amino acids and starch for plant systems lay in the powerful tool of 2-Dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy. 24222411 6 16 theme separate 1168:1175 arg1 compounds 1188:1196 separate individual compounds 1168:1196 separate individual compounds prior to analysis 1168:1214 NMR has the advantage of minimal sample handle without separate individual compounds prior to analysis, for example multiple isotopomers can be detected, and their distribution extracted quantitatively from a single 2D HSQC NMR spectrum. 24222411 10 17 theme NMR 2032:2034 arg1 spectra 2036:2042 2D HSQC NMR spectra 2024:2042 2D HSQC NMR spectra 2024:2042 In addition, this chapter includes procedures to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units from protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2D HSQC NMR spectra. 24222411 10 18 theme amino 1901:1905 arg1 acids 1907:1911 16 amino acids 1898:1911 16 amino acids 1898:1911 In addition, this chapter includes procedures to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units from protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2D HSQC NMR spectra. 24222411 3 19 theme Quantum 517:523 arg1 NMR 544:546 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR 493:546 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR 493:546 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR distinguishes particularly between the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms, and leads to a characteristic enrichment of each carbon atom of amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24222411 10 20 theme protein 1937:1943 arg1 hydrolysate 1945:1955 protein hydrolysate 1937:1955 protein hydrolysate 1937:1955 In addition, this chapter includes procedures to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units from protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2D HSQC NMR spectra. 24222411 10 21 from procedures 1851:1860 arg1 spectra 2036:2042 2D HSQC NMR spectra 2024:2042 2D HSQC NMR spectra 2024:2042 In addition, this chapter includes procedures to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units from protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2D HSQC NMR spectra. 24222411 6 22 theme handle 1153:1158 arg1 advantage 1125:1133 the advantage 1121:1133 the advantage of minimal sample handle without separate individual compounds prior to analysis 1121:1214 NMR has the advantage of minimal sample handle without separate individual compounds prior to analysis, for example multiple isotopomers can be detected, and their distribution extracted quantitatively from a single 2D HSQC NMR spectrum. 24222411 3 23 theme carbon 680:685 arg1 atom 687:690 each carbon atom 675:690 each carbon atom of amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein 675:785 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR distinguishes particularly between the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms, and leads to a characteristic enrichment of each carbon atom of amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24222411 5 24 theme NMR 964:966 arg1 method 968:973 the 2D HSQC NMR method 952:973 the 2D HSQC NMR method 952:973 Therefore, the 2D HSQC NMR method uses proteinogenic amino acids and starch to provide an understanding of carbon distribution of compartmentalization in the plant system. 24222411 3 25 theme Heteronuclear 496:508 arg1 NMR 544:546 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR 493:546 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR 493:546 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR distinguishes particularly between the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms, and leads to a characteristic enrichment of each carbon atom of amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24222411 1 26 theme patterns 112:119 arg1 analysis 82:89 Comprehensive analysis 68:89 Comprehensive analysis of isotopic labeling patterns of metabolites in proteinogenic amino acids 68:163 Comprehensive analysis of isotopic labeling patterns of metabolites in proteinogenic amino acids and starch for plant systems lay in the powerful tool of 2-Dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy. 24222411 1 26 theme patterns 112:119 arg1 starch 169:174 starch 169:174 starch for plant systems 169:192 Comprehensive analysis of isotopic labeling patterns of metabolites in proteinogenic amino acids and starch for plant systems lay in the powerful tool of 2-Dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy. 24222411 3 27 theme glycosylated 766:777 arg1 protein 779:785 glycosylated protein 766:785 glycosylated protein 766:785 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR distinguishes particularly between the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms, and leads to a characteristic enrichment of each carbon atom of amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24222411 6 28 theme minimal 1138:1144 arg1 handle 1153:1158 minimal sample handle 1138:1158 minimal sample handle without separate individual compounds prior to analysis 1138:1214 NMR has the advantage of minimal sample handle without separate individual compounds prior to analysis, for example multiple isotopomers can be detected, and their distribution extracted quantitatively from a single 2D HSQC NMR spectrum. 24222411 3 29 theme glucosyl 711:718 arg1 units 733:737 glucosyl and mannosyl units 711:737 units 733:737 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR distinguishes particularly between the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms, and leads to a characteristic enrichment of each carbon atom of amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24222411 6 30 theme multiple 1229:1236 arg1 isotopomers 1238:1248 multiple isotopomers 1229:1248 multiple isotopomers 1229:1248 NMR has the advantage of minimal sample handle without separate individual compounds prior to analysis, for example multiple isotopomers can be detected, and their distribution extracted quantitatively from a single 2D HSQC NMR spectrum. 24222411 1 31 theme metabolites 124:134 arg1 patterns 112:119 isotopic labeling patterns 94:119 isotopic labeling patterns of metabolites in proteinogenic amino acids 94:163 Comprehensive analysis of isotopic labeling patterns of metabolites in proteinogenic amino acids and starch for plant systems lay in the powerful tool of 2-Dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy. 24222411 4 32 theme protein 903:909 arg1 hydrolysate 911:921 protein hydrolysate 903:921 protein hydrolysate of plant biomass 903:938 Furthermore, this technique can quantitatively classify differences in glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate and of protein hydrolysate of plant biomass. 24222411 3 33 theme acids 701:705 arg1 atom 687:690 each carbon atom 675:690 each carbon atom of amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein 675:785 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR distinguishes particularly between the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms, and leads to a characteristic enrichment of each carbon atom of amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24222411 6 34 theme 2D 1329:1330 arg1 spectrum 1341:1348 a single 2D HSQC NMR spectrum 1320:1348 a single 2D HSQC NMR spectrum 1320:1348 NMR has the advantage of minimal sample handle without separate individual compounds prior to analysis, for example multiple isotopomers can be detected, and their distribution extracted quantitatively from a single 2D HSQC NMR spectrum. 24222411 1 35 theme Magnetic 258:265 arg1 Resonance 267:275 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 250:275 2-Dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy 222:297 Comprehensive analysis of isotopic labeling patterns of metabolites in proteinogenic amino acids and starch for plant systems lay in the powerful tool of 2-Dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy. 24222411 1 35 theme Magnetic 258:265 arg1 NMR 281:283 2D NMR 278:283 2D NMR 278:283 Comprehensive analysis of isotopic labeling patterns of metabolites in proteinogenic amino acids and starch for plant systems lay in the powerful tool of 2-Dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy. 24222411 1 36 theme proteinogenic 139:151 arg1 acids 159:163 proteinogenic amino acids 139:163 proteinogenic amino acids 139:163 Comprehensive analysis of isotopic labeling patterns of metabolites in proteinogenic amino acids and starch for plant systems lay in the powerful tool of 2-Dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy. 24222411 2 37 theme positions 398:406 arg1 labeling 368:375 the labeling 364:375 the labeling of particular carbon positions, which contributes to the quantification of positional isotope isomers (isotopomer) 364:490 From (13)C-labeling experiments, 2D NMR provides information on the labeling of particular carbon positions, which contributes to the quantification of positional isotope isomers (isotopomer). 24222411 9 38 theme starch 1696:1701 arg1 hydrolysis 1653:1662 hydrolysis 1653:1662 hydrolysis of proteinogenic amino acid and starch 1653:1701 Detailed methods for the extractions of protein, oil, soluble sugars, and starch, hydrolysis of proteinogenic amino acid and starch, and NMR preparation using soybean embryos cultured in vitro as a model plant systems are reported in this text. 24222411 9 38 theme starch 1696:1701 arg1 extractions 1596:1606 the extractions 1592:1606 the extractions of protein, oil, soluble sugars, and starch 1592:1650 Detailed methods for the extractions of protein, oil, soluble sugars, and starch, hydrolysis of proteinogenic amino acid and starch, and NMR preparation using soybean embryos cultured in vitro as a model plant systems are reported in this text. 24222411 9 38 theme starch 1696:1701 arg1 preparation 1712:1722 NMR preparation 1708:1722 NMR preparation using soybean embryos cultured in vitro as a model plant systems 1708:1787 Detailed methods for the extractions of protein, oil, soluble sugars, and starch, hydrolysis of proteinogenic amino acid and starch, and NMR preparation using soybean embryos cultured in vitro as a model plant systems are reported in this text. 24222411 3 39 theme present 739:745 arg1 acids 701:705 amino acids 695:705 amino acids 695:705 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR distinguishes particularly between the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms, and leads to a characteristic enrichment of each carbon atom of amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24222411 5 40 theme distribution 1055:1066 arg1 understanding 1031:1043 an understanding 1028:1043 an understanding of carbon distribution of compartmentalization in the plant system 1028:1110 Therefore, the 2D HSQC NMR method uses proteinogenic amino acids and starch to provide an understanding of carbon distribution of compartmentalization in the plant system. 24222411 3 41 attach present 739:745 arg2 acids 701:705 amino acids 695:705 amino acids 695:705 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR distinguishes particularly between the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms, and leads to a characteristic enrichment of each carbon atom of amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24222411 3 41 attach present 739:745 arg1 hydrolysates 750:761 hydrolysates 750:761 hydrolysates of glycosylated protein 750:785 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR distinguishes particularly between the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms, and leads to a characteristic enrichment of each carbon atom of amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24222411 4 42 theme starch 877:882 arg1 hydrolysate 884:894 starch hydrolysate 877:894 starch hydrolysate 877:894 Furthermore, this technique can quantitatively classify differences in glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate and of protein hydrolysate of plant biomass. 24222411 2 43 from information 349:359 arg1 labeling 368:375 the labeling 364:375 the labeling of particular carbon positions, which contributes to the quantification of positional isotope isomers (isotopomer) 364:490 From (13)C-labeling experiments, 2D NMR provides information on the labeling of particular carbon positions, which contributes to the quantification of positional isotope isomers (isotopomer). 24222411 3 44 theme mannosyl 724:731 arg1 units 733:737 glucosyl and mannosyl units 711:737 units 733:737 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR distinguishes particularly between the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms, and leads to a characteristic enrichment of each carbon atom of amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24222411 9 45 theme NMR 1708:1710 arg1 preparation 1712:1722 NMR preparation 1708:1722 NMR preparation using soybean embryos cultured in vitro as a model plant systems 1708:1787 Detailed methods for the extractions of protein, oil, soluble sugars, and starch, hydrolysis of proteinogenic amino acid and starch, and NMR preparation using soybean embryos cultured in vitro as a model plant systems are reported in this text. 24222411 1 46 theme spectroscopy 286:297 arg1 tool 214:217 the powerful tool 201:217 the powerful tool of 2-Dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy 201:297 Comprehensive analysis of isotopic labeling patterns of metabolites in proteinogenic amino acids and starch for plant systems lay in the powerful tool of 2-Dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy. 24222411 2 47 theme particular 380:389 arg1 positions 398:406 particular carbon positions 380:406 particular carbon positions 380:406 From (13)C-labeling experiments, 2D NMR provides information on the labeling of particular carbon positions, which contributes to the quantification of positional isotope isomers (isotopomer). 24222411 3 48 gly glycosylated 766:777 arg1 protein 779:785 glycosylated protein 766:785 glycosylated protein 766:785 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR distinguishes particularly between the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms, and leads to a characteristic enrichment of each carbon atom of amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24222411 10 49 from hydrolysate 1990:2000 arg1 spectra 2036:2042 2D HSQC NMR spectra 2024:2042 2D HSQC NMR spectra 2024:2042 In addition, this chapter includes procedures to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units from protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2D HSQC NMR spectra. 24222411 9 50 theme amino 1681:1685 arg1 acid 1687:1690 proteinogenic amino acid 1667:1690 proteinogenic amino acid 1667:1690 Detailed methods for the extractions of protein, oil, soluble sugars, and starch, hydrolysis of proteinogenic amino acid and starch, and NMR preparation using soybean embryos cultured in vitro as a model plant systems are reported in this text. 24222411 2 51 theme 2D 333:334 arg1 NMR 336:338 2D NMR 333:338 2D NMR 333:338 From (13)C-labeling experiments, 2D NMR provides information on the labeling of particular carbon positions, which contributes to the quantification of positional isotope isomers (isotopomer). 24222411 0 52 theme proteinogenic 12:24 arg1 acid 32:35 proteinogenic amino acid 12:35 proteinogenic amino acid 12:35 Analysis of proteinogenic amino acid and starch labeling by 2D NMR. 24222411 1 53 theme isotopic 94:101 arg1 patterns 112:119 isotopic labeling patterns 94:119 isotopic labeling patterns of metabolites in proteinogenic amino acids 94:163 Comprehensive analysis of isotopic labeling patterns of metabolites in proteinogenic amino acids and starch for plant systems lay in the powerful tool of 2-Dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy. 24222411 4 54 theme biomass 932:938 arg1 hydrolysate 911:921 protein hydrolysate 903:921 protein hydrolysate of plant biomass 903:938 Furthermore, this technique can quantitatively classify differences in glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate and of protein hydrolysate of plant biomass. 24222411 3 55 from present 739:745 arg1 hydrolysates 750:761 hydrolysates 750:761 hydrolysates of glycosylated protein 750:785 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR distinguishes particularly between the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms, and leads to a characteristic enrichment of each carbon atom of amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24222411 0 56 theme acid 32:35 arg1 Analysis 0:7 Analysis 0:7 Analysis of proteinogenic amino acid and starch labeling by 2D NMR. 0:66 Analysis of proteinogenic amino acid and starch labeling by 2D NMR. 24222411 5 57 theme compartmentalization 1071:1090 arg1 distribution 1055:1066 carbon distribution 1048:1066 carbon distribution of compartmentalization in the plant system 1048:1110 Therefore, the 2D HSQC NMR method uses proteinogenic amino acids and starch to provide an understanding of carbon distribution of compartmentalization in the plant system. 24222411 7 58 theme isotopomer 1459:1468 arg1 balancing 1470:1478 isotopomer balancing 1459:1478 isotopomer balancing 1459:1478 The peak structure obtained from the HSQC experiment show multiplet patterns, which are directly related to isotopomer balancing. 24222411 6 59 theme NMR 1337:1339 arg1 spectrum 1341:1348 a single 2D HSQC NMR spectrum 1320:1348 a single 2D HSQC NMR spectrum 1320:1348 NMR has the advantage of minimal sample handle without separate individual compounds prior to analysis, for example multiple isotopomers can be detected, and their distribution extracted quantitatively from a single 2D HSQC NMR spectrum. 24222411 5 60 theme HSQC 959:962 arg1 method 968:973 the 2D HSQC NMR method 952:973 the 2D HSQC NMR method 952:973 Therefore, the 2D HSQC NMR method uses proteinogenic amino acids and starch to provide an understanding of carbon distribution of compartmentalization in the plant system. 24222411 9 61 theme model 1769:1773 arg1 systems 1781:1787 a model plant systems 1767:1787 a model plant systems 1767:1787 Detailed methods for the extractions of protein, oil, soluble sugars, and starch, hydrolysis of proteinogenic amino acid and starch, and NMR preparation using soybean embryos cultured in vitro as a model plant systems are reported in this text. 24222411 9 61 theme model 1769:1773 arg1 embryos 1738:1744 soybean embryos 1730:1744 soybean embryos cultured in vitro 1730:1762 Detailed methods for the extractions of protein, oil, soluble sugars, and starch, hydrolysis of proteinogenic amino acid and starch, and NMR preparation using soybean embryos cultured in vitro as a model plant systems are reported in this text. 24222411 10 62 from spectra 2036:2042 arg1 units 1974:1978 the glucosyl units 1961:1978 the glucosyl units 1961:1978 In addition, this chapter includes procedures to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units from protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2D HSQC NMR spectra. 24222411 10 62 from spectra 2036:2042 arg1 units 1926:1930 glucosyl units 1917:1930 glucosyl units from protein hydrolysate 1917:1955 In addition, this chapter includes procedures to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units from protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2D HSQC NMR spectra. 24222411 10 62 from spectra 2036:2042 arg1 procedures 1851:1860 procedures 1851:1860 procedures to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids 1851:1911 In addition, this chapter includes procedures to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units from protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2D HSQC NMR spectra. 24222411 1 63 theme powerful 205:212 arg1 tool 214:217 the powerful tool 201:217 the powerful tool of 2-Dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy 201:297 Comprehensive analysis of isotopic labeling patterns of metabolites in proteinogenic amino acids and starch for plant systems lay in the powerful tool of 2-Dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy. 24222411 10 64 from hydrolysate 1945:1955 arg1 units 1974:1978 the glucosyl units 1961:1978 the glucosyl units 1961:1978 In addition, this chapter includes procedures to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units from protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2D HSQC NMR spectra. 24222411 10 64 from hydrolysate 1945:1955 arg1 units 1926:1930 glucosyl units 1917:1930 glucosyl units from protein hydrolysate 1917:1955 In addition, this chapter includes procedures to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units from protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2D HSQC NMR spectra. 24222411 10 64 from hydrolysate 1945:1955 arg1 procedures 1851:1860 procedures 1851:1860 procedures to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids 1851:1911 In addition, this chapter includes procedures to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units from protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2D HSQC NMR spectra. 24222411 9 65 theme Detailed 1571:1578 arg1 methods 1580:1586 Detailed methods 1571:1586 Detailed methods for the extractions of protein, oil, soluble sugars, and starch, hydrolysis of proteinogenic amino acid and starch, and NMR preparation using soybean embryos cultured in vitro as a model plant systems 1571:1787 Detailed methods for the extractions of protein, oil, soluble sugars, and starch, hydrolysis of proteinogenic amino acid and starch, and NMR preparation using soybean embryos cultured in vitro as a model plant systems are reported in this text. 24222411 10 66 theme glucosyl 1965:1972 arg1 units 1974:1978 the glucosyl units 1961:1978 the glucosyl units 1961:1978 In addition, this chapter includes procedures to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units from protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2D HSQC NMR spectra. 24222411 3 67 theme labeling 587:594 arg1 patterns 596:603 the labeling patterns 583:603 the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms 583:628 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR distinguishes particularly between the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms, and leads to a characteristic enrichment of each carbon atom of amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24222411 10 68 theme soybean 2005:2011 arg1 embryos 2013:2019 soybean embryos 2005:2019 soybean embryos 2005:2019 In addition, this chapter includes procedures to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units from protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2D HSQC NMR spectra. 24222411 6 69 contain has 1117:1119 arg1 NMR 1113:1115 NMR 1113:1115 NMR 1113:1115 NMR has the advantage of minimal sample handle without separate individual compounds prior to analysis, for example multiple isotopomers can be detected, and their distribution extracted quantitatively from a single 2D HSQC NMR spectrum. 24222411 6 69 contain has 1117:1119 arg2 advantage 1125:1133 the advantage 1121:1133 the advantage of minimal sample handle without separate individual compounds prior to analysis 1121:1214 NMR has the advantage of minimal sample handle without separate individual compounds prior to analysis, for example multiple isotopomers can be detected, and their distribution extracted quantitatively from a single 2D HSQC NMR spectrum. 24222411 5 70 theme carbon 1048:1053 arg1 distribution 1055:1066 carbon distribution 1048:1066 carbon distribution of compartmentalization in the plant system 1048:1110 Therefore, the 2D HSQC NMR method uses proteinogenic amino acids and starch to provide an understanding of carbon distribution of compartmentalization in the plant system. 24222411 7 71 theme multiplet 1409:1417 arg1 patterns 1419:1426 multiplet patterns 1409:1426 multiplet patterns 1409:1426 The peak structure obtained from the HSQC experiment show multiplet patterns, which are directly related to isotopomer balancing. 24222411 10 72 theme hydrolysate 1990:2000 arg1 units 1974:1978 the glucosyl units 1961:1978 the glucosyl units 1961:1978 In addition, this chapter includes procedures to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units from protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2D HSQC NMR spectra. 24222411 10 72 theme hydrolysate 1990:2000 arg1 units 1926:1930 glucosyl units 1917:1930 glucosyl units from protein hydrolysate 1917:1955 In addition, this chapter includes procedures to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units from protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2D HSQC NMR spectra. 24222411 10 72 theme hydrolysate 1990:2000 arg1 procedures 1851:1860 procedures 1851:1860 procedures to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids 1851:1911 In addition, this chapter includes procedures to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units from protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2D HSQC NMR spectra. 24222411 3 73 theme carbon 617:622 arg1 atoms 624:628 adjacent carbon atoms 608:628 adjacent carbon atoms 608:628 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR distinguishes particularly between the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms, and leads to a characteristic enrichment of each carbon atom of amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24222411 5 74 from compartmentalization 1071:1090 arg1 system 1105:1110 the plant system 1095:1110 the plant system 1095:1110 Therefore, the 2D HSQC NMR method uses proteinogenic amino acids and starch to provide an understanding of carbon distribution of compartmentalization in the plant system. 24222411 9 75 theme protein 1611:1617 arg1 hydrolysis 1653:1662 hydrolysis 1653:1662 hydrolysis of proteinogenic amino acid and starch 1653:1701 Detailed methods for the extractions of protein, oil, soluble sugars, and starch, hydrolysis of proteinogenic amino acid and starch, and NMR preparation using soybean embryos cultured in vitro as a model plant systems are reported in this text. 24222411 9 75 theme protein 1611:1617 arg1 extractions 1596:1606 the extractions 1592:1606 the extractions of protein, oil, soluble sugars, and starch 1592:1650 Detailed methods for the extractions of protein, oil, soluble sugars, and starch, hydrolysis of proteinogenic amino acid and starch, and NMR preparation using soybean embryos cultured in vitro as a model plant systems are reported in this text. 24222411 9 75 theme protein 1611:1617 arg1 preparation 1712:1722 NMR preparation 1708:1722 NMR preparation using soybean embryos cultured in vitro as a model plant systems 1708:1787 Detailed methods for the extractions of protein, oil, soluble sugars, and starch, hydrolysis of proteinogenic amino acid and starch, and NMR preparation using soybean embryos cultured in vitro as a model plant systems are reported in this text. 24222411 10 76 theme HSQC 2027:2030 arg1 spectra 2036:2042 2D HSQC NMR spectra 2024:2042 2D HSQC NMR spectra 2024:2042 In addition, this chapter includes procedures to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units from protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2D HSQC NMR spectra. 24222411 0 77 theme starch 41:46 arg1 labeling 48:55 starch labeling 41:55 starch labeling 41:55 Analysis of proteinogenic amino acid and starch labeling by 2D NMR. 24222411 9 78 theme oil 1620:1622 arg1 hydrolysis 1653:1662 hydrolysis 1653:1662 hydrolysis of proteinogenic amino acid and starch 1653:1701 Detailed methods for the extractions of protein, oil, soluble sugars, and starch, hydrolysis of proteinogenic amino acid and starch, and NMR preparation using soybean embryos cultured in vitro as a model plant systems are reported in this text. 24222411 9 78 theme oil 1620:1622 arg1 extractions 1596:1606 the extractions 1592:1606 the extractions of protein, oil, soluble sugars, and starch 1592:1650 Detailed methods for the extractions of protein, oil, soluble sugars, and starch, hydrolysis of proteinogenic amino acid and starch, and NMR preparation using soybean embryos cultured in vitro as a model plant systems are reported in this text. 24222411 9 78 theme oil 1620:1622 arg1 preparation 1712:1722 NMR preparation 1708:1722 NMR preparation using soybean embryos cultured in vitro as a model plant systems 1708:1787 Detailed methods for the extractions of protein, oil, soluble sugars, and starch, hydrolysis of proteinogenic amino acid and starch, and NMR preparation using soybean embryos cultured in vitro as a model plant systems are reported in this text. 24222411 4 79 theme hydrolysate 911:921 arg1 differences 844:854 differences 844:854 differences in glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate and of protein hydrolysate of plant biomass 844:938 Furthermore, this technique can quantitatively classify differences in glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate and of protein hydrolysate of plant biomass. 24222411 5 80 from system 1105:1110 arg1 distribution 1055:1066 carbon distribution 1048:1066 carbon distribution of compartmentalization in the plant system 1048:1110 Therefore, the 2D HSQC NMR method uses proteinogenic amino acids and starch to provide an understanding of carbon distribution of compartmentalization in the plant system. 24222411 9 81 theme soluble 1625:1631 arg1 sugars 1633:1638 soluble sugars 1625:1638 soluble sugars 1625:1638 Detailed methods for the extractions of protein, oil, soluble sugars, and starch, hydrolysis of proteinogenic amino acid and starch, and NMR preparation using soybean embryos cultured in vitro as a model plant systems are reported in this text. 24222411 2 82 theme isotope 463:469 arg1 isotopomer 480:489 isotopomer 480:489 isotopomer 480:489 From (13)C-labeling experiments, 2D NMR provides information on the labeling of particular carbon positions, which contributes to the quantification of positional isotope isomers (isotopomer). 24222411 2 82 theme isotope 463:469 arg1 isomers 471:477 positional isotope isomers 452:477 positional isotope isomers (isotopomer) 452:490 From (13)C-labeling experiments, 2D NMR provides information on the labeling of particular carbon positions, which contributes to the quantification of positional isotope isomers (isotopomer). 24222411 3 83 theme Single 510:515 arg1 NMR 544:546 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR 493:546 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR 493:546 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR distinguishes particularly between the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms, and leads to a characteristic enrichment of each carbon atom of amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24222411 4 84 theme glucosyl 859:866 arg1 units 868:872 glucosyl units 859:872 glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate 859:894 Furthermore, this technique can quantitatively classify differences in glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate and of protein hydrolysate of plant biomass. 24222411 1 85 theme Nuclear 250:256 arg1 Resonance 267:275 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 250:275 2-Dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy 222:297 Comprehensive analysis of isotopic labeling patterns of metabolites in proteinogenic amino acids and starch for plant systems lay in the powerful tool of 2-Dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy. 24222411 1 85 theme Nuclear 250:256 arg1 NMR 281:283 2D NMR 278:283 2D NMR 278:283 Comprehensive analysis of isotopic labeling patterns of metabolites in proteinogenic amino acids and starch for plant systems lay in the powerful tool of 2-Dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy. 24222411 3 86 theme amino 695:699 arg1 acids 701:705 amino acids 695:705 amino acids 695:705 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR distinguishes particularly between the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms, and leads to a characteristic enrichment of each carbon atom of amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24222411 4 87 from differences 844:854 arg1 units 868:872 glucosyl units 859:872 glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate 859:894 Furthermore, this technique can quantitatively classify differences in glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate and of protein hydrolysate of plant biomass. 24222411 3 88 theme 2D 493:494 arg1 NMR 544:546 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR 493:546 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR 493:546 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR distinguishes particularly between the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms, and leads to a characteristic enrichment of each carbon atom of amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24222411 1 89 theme labeling 103:110 arg1 patterns 112:119 isotopic labeling patterns 94:119 isotopic labeling patterns of metabolites in proteinogenic amino acids 94:163 Comprehensive analysis of isotopic labeling patterns of metabolites in proteinogenic amino acids and starch for plant systems lay in the powerful tool of 2-Dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy. 24222411 9 90 theme sugars 1633:1638 arg1 hydrolysis 1653:1662 hydrolysis 1653:1662 hydrolysis of proteinogenic amino acid and starch 1653:1701 Detailed methods for the extractions of protein, oil, soluble sugars, and starch, hydrolysis of proteinogenic amino acid and starch, and NMR preparation using soybean embryos cultured in vitro as a model plant systems are reported in this text. 24222411 9 90 theme sugars 1633:1638 arg1 extractions 1596:1606 the extractions 1592:1606 the extractions of protein, oil, soluble sugars, and starch 1592:1650 Detailed methods for the extractions of protein, oil, soluble sugars, and starch, hydrolysis of proteinogenic amino acid and starch, and NMR preparation using soybean embryos cultured in vitro as a model plant systems are reported in this text. 24222411 9 90 theme sugars 1633:1638 arg1 preparation 1712:1722 NMR preparation 1708:1722 NMR preparation using soybean embryos cultured in vitro as a model plant systems 1708:1787 Detailed methods for the extractions of protein, oil, soluble sugars, and starch, hydrolysis of proteinogenic amino acid and starch, and NMR preparation using soybean embryos cultured in vitro as a model plant systems are reported in this text. 24222411 6 91 theme sample 1146:1151 arg1 handle 1153:1158 minimal sample handle 1138:1158 minimal sample handle without separate individual compounds prior to analysis 1138:1214 NMR has the advantage of minimal sample handle without separate individual compounds prior to analysis, for example multiple isotopomers can be detected, and their distribution extracted quantitatively from a single 2D HSQC NMR spectrum. 24222411 3 92 theme atom 687:690 arg1 enrichment 661:670 a characteristic enrichment 644:670 a characteristic enrichment of each carbon atom of amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein 644:785 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR distinguishes particularly between the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms, and leads to a characteristic enrichment of each carbon atom of amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24222411 3 93 theme HSQC 538:541 arg1 NMR 544:546 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR 493:546 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR 493:546 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR distinguishes particularly between the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms, and leads to a characteristic enrichment of each carbon atom of amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24222411 3 94 theme protein 779:785 arg1 hydrolysates 750:761 hydrolysates 750:761 hydrolysates of glycosylated protein 750:785 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR distinguishes particularly between the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms, and leads to a characteristic enrichment of each carbon atom of amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24222411 9 95 theme proteinogenic 1667:1679 arg1 acid 1687:1690 proteinogenic amino acid 1667:1690 proteinogenic amino acid 1667:1690 Detailed methods for the extractions of protein, oil, soluble sugars, and starch, hydrolysis of proteinogenic amino acid and starch, and NMR preparation using soybean embryos cultured in vitro as a model plant systems are reported in this text. 24222411 10 96 theme glucosyl 1917:1924 arg1 units 1926:1930 glucosyl units 1917:1930 glucosyl units from protein hydrolysate 1917:1955 In addition, this chapter includes procedures to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units from protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2D HSQC NMR spectra. 24222411 6 97 theme HSQC 1332:1335 arg1 spectrum 1341:1348 a single 2D HSQC NMR spectrum 1320:1348 a single 2D HSQC NMR spectrum 1320:1348 NMR has the advantage of minimal sample handle without separate individual compounds prior to analysis, for example multiple isotopomers can be detected, and their distribution extracted quantitatively from a single 2D HSQC NMR spectrum. 24222411 5 98 theme proteinogenic 980:992 arg1 acids 1000:1004 proteinogenic amino acids 980:1004 proteinogenic amino acids 980:1004 Therefore, the 2D HSQC NMR method uses proteinogenic amino acids and starch to provide an understanding of carbon distribution of compartmentalization in the plant system. 24222411 3 99 theme Correlation 525:535 arg1 NMR 544:546 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR 493:546 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR 493:546 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR distinguishes particularly between the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms, and leads to a characteristic enrichment of each carbon atom of amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24222411 9 100 theme acid 1687:1690 arg1 hydrolysis 1653:1662 hydrolysis 1653:1662 hydrolysis of proteinogenic amino acid and starch 1653:1701 Detailed methods for the extractions of protein, oil, soluble sugars, and starch, hydrolysis of proteinogenic amino acid and starch, and NMR preparation using soybean embryos cultured in vitro as a model plant systems are reported in this text. 24222411 9 100 theme acid 1687:1690 arg1 extractions 1596:1606 the extractions 1592:1606 the extractions of protein, oil, soluble sugars, and starch 1592:1650 Detailed methods for the extractions of protein, oil, soluble sugars, and starch, hydrolysis of proteinogenic amino acid and starch, and NMR preparation using soybean embryos cultured in vitro as a model plant systems are reported in this text. 24222411 9 100 theme acid 1687:1690 arg1 preparation 1712:1722 NMR preparation 1708:1722 NMR preparation using soybean embryos cultured in vitro as a model plant systems 1708:1787 Detailed methods for the extractions of protein, oil, soluble sugars, and starch, hydrolysis of proteinogenic amino acid and starch, and NMR preparation using soybean embryos cultured in vitro as a model plant systems are reported in this text. 24222411 10 101 theme acids 1907:1911 arg1 intensity 1885:1893 the relative intensity 1872:1893 the relative intensity of 16 amino acids 1872:1911 In addition, this chapter includes procedures to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units from protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2D HSQC NMR spectra. 24222411 6 102 theme single 1322:1327 arg1 spectrum 1341:1348 a single 2D HSQC NMR spectrum 1320:1348 a single 2D HSQC NMR spectrum 1320:1348 NMR has the advantage of minimal sample handle without separate individual compounds prior to analysis, for example multiple isotopomers can be detected, and their distribution extracted quantitatively from a single 2D HSQC NMR spectrum. 24222411 1 103 theme Resonance 267:275 arg1 spectroscopy 286:297 2-Dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy 222:297 2-Dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy 222:297 Comprehensive analysis of isotopic labeling patterns of metabolites in proteinogenic amino acids and starch for plant systems lay in the powerful tool of 2-Dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy. 24222411 1 104 theme amino 153:157 arg1 acids 159:163 proteinogenic amino acids 139:163 proteinogenic amino acids 139:163 Comprehensive analysis of isotopic labeling patterns of metabolites in proteinogenic amino acids and starch for plant systems lay in the powerful tool of 2-Dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy. 24222411 8 105 from information 1527:1537 arg1 analysis 1561:1568 the metabolic flux analysis 1542:1568 the metabolic flux analysis 1542:1568 These abundances can be translated to maximum information on the metabolic flux analysis. 24222411 2 106 theme carbon 391:396 arg1 positions 398:406 particular carbon positions 380:406 particular carbon positions 380:406 From (13)C-labeling experiments, 2D NMR provides information on the labeling of particular carbon positions, which contributes to the quantification of positional isotope isomers (isotopomer). 24222411 1 107 dep H 240:240 arg1 1 238:238 1 238:238 1 238:238 Comprehensive analysis of isotopic labeling patterns of metabolites in proteinogenic amino acids and starch for plant systems lay in the powerful tool of 2-Dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy. 24222411 1 108 from acids 159:163 arg1 patterns 112:119 isotopic labeling patterns 94:119 isotopic labeling patterns of metabolites in proteinogenic amino acids 94:163 Comprehensive analysis of isotopic labeling patterns of metabolites in proteinogenic amino acids and starch for plant systems lay in the powerful tool of 2-Dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy. 24222411 3 109 theme units 733:737 arg1 atom 687:690 each carbon atom 675:690 each carbon atom of amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein 675:785 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR distinguishes particularly between the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms, and leads to a characteristic enrichment of each carbon atom of amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24222411 4 110 theme hydrolysate 884:894 arg1 units 868:872 glucosyl units 859:872 glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate 859:894 Furthermore, this technique can quantitatively classify differences in glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate and of protein hydrolysate of plant biomass. 24222411 10 111 from units 1974:1978 arg1 spectra 2036:2042 2D HSQC NMR spectra 2024:2042 2D HSQC NMR spectra 2024:2042 In addition, this chapter includes procedures to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units from protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2D HSQC NMR spectra. 24222411 1 112 from metabolites 124:134 arg1 acids 159:163 proteinogenic amino acids 139:163 proteinogenic amino acids 139:163 Comprehensive analysis of isotopic labeling patterns of metabolites in proteinogenic amino acids and starch for plant systems lay in the powerful tool of 2-Dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy. 24222411 1 113 theme Comprehensive 68:80 arg1 analysis 82:89 Comprehensive analysis 68:89 Comprehensive analysis of isotopic labeling patterns of metabolites in proteinogenic amino acids 68:163 Comprehensive analysis of isotopic labeling patterns of metabolites in proteinogenic amino acids and starch for plant systems lay in the powerful tool of 2-Dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy. 24222411 9 114 theme soybean 1730:1736 arg1 embryos 1738:1744 soybean embryos 1730:1744 soybean embryos cultured in vitro 1730:1762 Detailed methods for the extractions of protein, oil, soluble sugars, and starch, hydrolysis of proteinogenic amino acid and starch, and NMR preparation using soybean embryos cultured in vitro as a model plant systems are reported in this text. 24222411 9 114 theme soybean 1730:1736 arg1 systems 1781:1787 a model plant systems 1767:1787 a model plant systems 1767:1787 Detailed methods for the extractions of protein, oil, soluble sugars, and starch, hydrolysis of proteinogenic amino acid and starch, and NMR preparation using soybean embryos cultured in vitro as a model plant systems are reported in this text. 24222411 0 115 theme amino 26:30 arg1 acid 32:35 proteinogenic amino acid 12:35 proteinogenic amino acid 12:35 Analysis of proteinogenic amino acid and starch labeling by 2D NMR. 24222411 1 116 from patterns 112:119 arg1 acids 159:163 proteinogenic amino acids 139:163 proteinogenic amino acids 139:163 Comprehensive analysis of isotopic labeling patterns of metabolites in proteinogenic amino acids and starch for plant systems lay in the powerful tool of 2-Dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy. 24222411 10 117 dep procedures 1851:1860 arg1 obtain 1865:1870 obtain 1865:1870 to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids 1862:1911 In addition, this chapter includes procedures to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units from protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2D HSQC NMR spectra. 24222411 5 118 from distribution 1055:1066 arg1 system 1105:1110 the plant system 1095:1110 the plant system 1095:1110 Therefore, the 2D HSQC NMR method uses proteinogenic amino acids and starch to provide an understanding of carbon distribution of compartmentalization in the plant system. 24222411 10 119 from units 1926:1930 arg1 spectra 2036:2042 2D HSQC NMR spectra 2024:2042 2D HSQC NMR spectra 2024:2042 In addition, this chapter includes procedures to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units from protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2D HSQC NMR spectra. 24222411 4 120 theme plant 926:930 arg1 biomass 932:938 plant biomass 926:938 plant biomass 926:938 Furthermore, this technique can quantitatively classify differences in glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate and of protein hydrolysate of plant biomass. 24222411 8 121 theme maximum 1519:1525 arg1 information 1527:1537 maximum information 1519:1537 maximum information on the metabolic flux analysis 1519:1568 These abundances can be translated to maximum information on the metabolic flux analysis. 24222411 2 122 theme C-labeling 309:318 arg1 experiments 320:330 (13)C-labeling experiments 305:330 (13)C-labeling experiments 305:330 From (13)C-labeling experiments, 2D NMR provides information on the labeling of particular carbon positions, which contributes to the quantification of positional isotope isomers (isotopomer). 24222411 0 123 theme labeling 48:55 arg1 Analysis 0:7 Analysis 0:7 Analysis of proteinogenic amino acid and starch labeling by 2D NMR. 0:66 Analysis of proteinogenic amino acid and starch labeling by 2D NMR. 24222411 5 124 theme 2D 956:957 arg1 method 968:973 the 2D HSQC NMR method 952:973 the 2D HSQC NMR method 952:973 Therefore, the 2D HSQC NMR method uses proteinogenic amino acids and starch to provide an understanding of carbon distribution of compartmentalization in the plant system. 24222411 9 125 theme starch 1645:1650 arg1 hydrolysis 1653:1662 hydrolysis 1653:1662 hydrolysis of proteinogenic amino acid and starch 1653:1701 Detailed methods for the extractions of protein, oil, soluble sugars, and starch, hydrolysis of proteinogenic amino acid and starch, and NMR preparation using soybean embryos cultured in vitro as a model plant systems are reported in this text. 24222411 9 125 theme starch 1645:1650 arg1 extractions 1596:1606 the extractions 1592:1606 the extractions of protein, oil, soluble sugars, and starch 1592:1650 Detailed methods for the extractions of protein, oil, soluble sugars, and starch, hydrolysis of proteinogenic amino acid and starch, and NMR preparation using soybean embryos cultured in vitro as a model plant systems are reported in this text. 24222411 9 125 theme starch 1645:1650 arg1 preparation 1712:1722 NMR preparation 1708:1722 NMR preparation using soybean embryos cultured in vitro as a model plant systems 1708:1787 Detailed methods for the extractions of protein, oil, soluble sugars, and starch, hydrolysis of proteinogenic amino acid and starch, and NMR preparation using soybean embryos cultured in vitro as a model plant systems are reported in this text. 24222411 5 126 theme plant 1099:1103 arg1 system 1105:1110 the plant system 1095:1110 the plant system 1095:1110 Therefore, the 2D HSQC NMR method uses proteinogenic amino acids and starch to provide an understanding of carbon distribution of compartmentalization in the plant system. 24222411 9 127 theme plant 1775:1779 arg1 systems 1781:1787 a model plant systems 1767:1787 a model plant systems 1767:1787 Detailed methods for the extractions of protein, oil, soluble sugars, and starch, hydrolysis of proteinogenic amino acid and starch, and NMR preparation using soybean embryos cultured in vitro as a model plant systems are reported in this text. 24222411 9 127 theme plant 1775:1779 arg1 embryos 1738:1744 soybean embryos 1730:1744 soybean embryos cultured in vitro 1730:1762 Detailed methods for the extractions of protein, oil, soluble sugars, and starch, hydrolysis of proteinogenic amino acid and starch, and NMR preparation using soybean embryos cultured in vitro as a model plant systems are reported in this text. 24222411 8 128 theme metabolic 1546:1554 arg1 analysis 1561:1568 the metabolic flux analysis 1542:1568 the metabolic flux analysis 1542:1568 These abundances can be translated to maximum information on the metabolic flux analysis. 24222411 3 129 theme atoms 624:628 arg1 patterns 596:603 the labeling patterns 583:603 the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms 583:628 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR distinguishes particularly between the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms, and leads to a characteristic enrichment of each carbon atom of amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24222411 8 130 theme flux 1556:1559 arg1 analysis 1561:1568 the metabolic flux analysis 1542:1568 the metabolic flux analysis 1542:1568 These abundances can be translated to maximum information on the metabolic flux analysis. 24222411 1 131 theme 2-Dimensional 222:234 arg1 spectroscopy 286:297 2-Dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy 222:297 2-Dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy 222:297 Comprehensive analysis of isotopic labeling patterns of metabolites in proteinogenic amino acids and starch for plant systems lay in the powerful tool of 2-Dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy. 25969981 7 0 theme antimicrobial 1129:1141 arg1 activity 1143:1150 intrinsic antimicrobial activity 1119:1150 intrinsic antimicrobial activity 1119:1150 Results show that alginate hydrogels coated with chitosan hydrochloride described here can be proposed as a novel medicated dressing by associating intrinsic antimicrobial activity with improved sustained release characteristics. 25969981 2 1 theme Alginate 331:338 arg1 hydrogels 340:348 Alginate hydrogels 331:348 Alginate hydrogels with different calcium contents 331:380 Alginate hydrogels with different calcium contents were prepared by the internal setting method and coated by immersion in a CH-Cl solution. 25969981 2 2 theme CH-Cl 456:460 arg1 solution 462:469 a CH-Cl solution 454:469 a CH-Cl solution 454:469 Alginate hydrogels with different calcium contents were prepared by the internal setting method and coated by immersion in a CH-Cl solution. 25969981 1 3 theme alginate 314:321 arg1 matrix 323:328 the alginate matrix 310:328 the alginate matrix 310:328 In this work, a coating of chitosan onto alginate hydrogels was realized using the water-soluble hydrochloride form of chitosan (CH-Cl), with the dual purpose of imparting antibacterial activity and delaying the release of hydrophilic molecules from the alginate matrix. 25969981 5 4 theme uncoated 882:889 arg1 hydrogels 891:899 relative uncoated hydrogels 873:899 relative uncoated hydrogels 873:899 Swelling, stability in physiological solution and release characteristics using rhodamine B as the hydrophilic model drug were compared to those of relative uncoated hydrogels. 25969981 7 5 theme intrinsic 1119:1127 arg1 activity 1143:1150 intrinsic antimicrobial activity 1119:1150 intrinsic antimicrobial activity 1119:1150 Results show that alginate hydrogels coated with chitosan hydrochloride described here can be proposed as a novel medicated dressing by associating intrinsic antimicrobial activity with improved sustained release characteristics. 25969981 5 6 theme relative 873:880 arg1 hydrogels 891:899 relative uncoated hydrogels 873:899 relative uncoated hydrogels 873:899 Swelling, stability in physiological solution and release characteristics using rhodamine B as the hydrophilic model drug were compared to those of relative uncoated hydrogels. 25969981 1 7 theme antibacterial 232:244 arg1 activity 246:253 antibacterial activity 232:253 antibacterial activity 232:253 In this work, a coating of chitosan onto alginate hydrogels was realized using the water-soluble hydrochloride form of chitosan (CH-Cl), with the dual purpose of imparting antibacterial activity and delaying the release of hydrophilic molecules from the alginate matrix. 25969981 1 8 theme water-soluble 143:155 arg1 form 171:174 the water-soluble hydrochloride form 139:174 the water-soluble hydrochloride form of chitosan (CH-Cl) 139:194 In this work, a coating of chitosan onto alginate hydrogels was realized using the water-soluble hydrochloride form of chitosan (CH-Cl), with the dual purpose of imparting antibacterial activity and delaying the release of hydrophilic molecules from the alginate matrix. 25969981 5 9 theme release 775:781 arg1 characteristics 783:797 release characteristics 775:797 release characteristics 775:797 Swelling, stability in physiological solution and release characteristics using rhodamine B as the hydrophilic model drug were compared to those of relative uncoated hydrogels. 25969981 5 10 from characteristics 783:797 arg1 solution 762:769 physiological solution 748:769 physiological solution 748:769 Swelling, stability in physiological solution and release characteristics using rhodamine B as the hydrophilic model drug were compared to those of relative uncoated hydrogels. 25969981 7 11 theme sustained 1166:1174 arg1 characteristics 1184:1198 improved sustained release characteristics 1157:1198 improved sustained release characteristics 1157:1198 Results show that alginate hydrogels coated with chitosan hydrochloride described here can be proposed as a novel medicated dressing by associating intrinsic antimicrobial activity with improved sustained release characteristics. 25969981 7 12 theme alginate 989:996 arg1 dressing 1095:1102 a novel medicated dressing 1077:1102 a novel medicated dressing 1077:1102 Results show that alginate hydrogels coated with chitosan hydrochloride described here can be proposed as a novel medicated dressing by associating intrinsic antimicrobial activity with improved sustained release characteristics. 25969981 7 12 theme alginate 989:996 arg1 hydrogels 998:1006 alginate hydrogels 989:1006 alginate hydrogels coated with chitosan hydrochloride described here 989:1056 Results show that alginate hydrogels coated with chitosan hydrochloride described here can be proposed as a novel medicated dressing by associating intrinsic antimicrobial activity with improved sustained release characteristics. 25969981 1 13 theme hydrochloride 157:169 arg1 form 171:174 the water-soluble hydrochloride form 139:174 the water-soluble hydrochloride form of chitosan (CH-Cl) 139:194 In this work, a coating of chitosan onto alginate hydrogels was realized using the water-soluble hydrochloride form of chitosan (CH-Cl), with the dual purpose of imparting antibacterial activity and delaying the release of hydrophilic molecules from the alginate matrix. 25969981 7 14 theme novel 1079:1083 arg1 dressing 1095:1102 a novel medicated dressing 1077:1102 a novel medicated dressing 1077:1102 Results show that alginate hydrogels coated with chitosan hydrochloride described here can be proposed as a novel medicated dressing by associating intrinsic antimicrobial activity with improved sustained release characteristics. 25969981 7 14 theme novel 1079:1083 arg1 hydrogels 998:1006 alginate hydrogels 989:1006 alginate hydrogels coated with chitosan hydrochloride described here 989:1056 Results show that alginate hydrogels coated with chitosan hydrochloride described here can be proposed as a novel medicated dressing by associating intrinsic antimicrobial activity with improved sustained release characteristics. 25969981 3 15 theme morphological 558:570 arg1 alterations 572:582 morphological alterations 558:582 morphological alterations due to the coating layer 558:607 Structural analysis by cryo-scanning electron microscopy was carried out to highlight morphological alterations due to the coating layer. 25969981 2 16 theme calcium 365:371 arg1 contents 373:380 different calcium contents 355:380 different calcium contents 355:380 Alginate hydrogels with different calcium contents were prepared by the internal setting method and coated by immersion in a CH-Cl solution. 25969981 6 17 theme antibacterial 911:923 arg1 activity 925:932 antibacterial activity 911:932 antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli 911:957 Finally, antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli was tested. 25969981 4 18 theme toxicity 706:713 arg1 absence 695:701 the absence 691:701 the absence of toxicity of CH-Cl 691:722 Tests in vitro with human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) were assessed to check the absence of toxicity of CH-Cl. 25969981 2 19 theme different 355:363 arg1 contents 373:380 different calcium contents 355:380 different calcium contents 355:380 Alginate hydrogels with different calcium contents were prepared by the internal setting method and coated by immersion in a CH-Cl solution. 25969981 5 20 theme rhodamine 805:813 arg1 drug 842:845 the hydrophilic model drug 820:845 the hydrophilic model drug 820:845 Swelling, stability in physiological solution and release characteristics using rhodamine B as the hydrophilic model drug were compared to those of relative uncoated hydrogels. 25969981 5 20 theme rhodamine 805:813 arg1 B 815:815 rhodamine B 805:815 rhodamine B 805:815 Swelling, stability in physiological solution and release characteristics using rhodamine B as the hydrophilic model drug were compared to those of relative uncoated hydrogels. 25969981 2 21 theme internal 403:410 arg1 method 420:425 the internal setting method 399:425 the internal setting method 399:425 Alginate hydrogels with different calcium contents were prepared by the internal setting method and coated by immersion in a CH-Cl solution. 25969981 2 22 theme setting 412:418 arg1 method 420:425 the internal setting method 399:425 the internal setting method 399:425 Alginate hydrogels with different calcium contents were prepared by the internal setting method and coated by immersion in a CH-Cl solution. 25969981 4 23 theme CH-Cl 718:722 arg1 toxicity 706:713 toxicity 706:713 toxicity of CH-Cl 706:722 Tests in vitro with human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) were assessed to check the absence of toxicity of CH-Cl. 25969981 5 24 theme physiological 748:760 arg1 solution 762:769 physiological solution 748:769 physiological solution 748:769 Swelling, stability in physiological solution and release characteristics using rhodamine B as the hydrophilic model drug were compared to those of relative uncoated hydrogels. 25969981 5 25 theme hydrophilic 824:834 arg1 drug 842:845 the hydrophilic model drug 820:845 the hydrophilic model drug 820:845 Swelling, stability in physiological solution and release characteristics using rhodamine B as the hydrophilic model drug were compared to those of relative uncoated hydrogels. 25969981 5 25 theme hydrophilic 824:834 arg1 B 815:815 rhodamine B 805:815 rhodamine B 805:815 Swelling, stability in physiological solution and release characteristics using rhodamine B as the hydrophilic model drug were compared to those of relative uncoated hydrogels. 25969981 4 26 theme mesenchymal 636:646 arg1 cells 656:660 human mesenchymal stromal cells 630:660 human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) 630:666 Tests in vitro with human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) were assessed to check the absence of toxicity of CH-Cl. 25969981 4 26 theme mesenchymal 636:646 arg1 MSC 663:665 MSC 663:665 MSC 663:665 Tests in vitro with human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) were assessed to check the absence of toxicity of CH-Cl. 25969981 1 27 from matrix 323:328 arg1 release 272:278 the release 268:278 the release of hydrophilic molecules from the alginate matrix 268:328 In this work, a coating of chitosan onto alginate hydrogels was realized using the water-soluble hydrochloride form of chitosan (CH-Cl), with the dual purpose of imparting antibacterial activity and delaying the release of hydrophilic molecules from the alginate matrix. 25969981 7 28 theme release 1176:1182 arg1 characteristics 1184:1198 improved sustained release characteristics 1157:1198 improved sustained release characteristics 1157:1198 Results show that alginate hydrogels coated with chitosan hydrochloride described here can be proposed as a novel medicated dressing by associating intrinsic antimicrobial activity with improved sustained release characteristics. 25969981 3 29 theme coating 595:601 arg1 layer 603:607 the coating layer 591:607 the coating layer 591:607 Structural analysis by cryo-scanning electron microscopy was carried out to highlight morphological alterations due to the coating layer. 25969981 5 30 theme model 836:840 arg1 drug 842:845 the hydrophilic model drug 820:845 the hydrophilic model drug 820:845 Swelling, stability in physiological solution and release characteristics using rhodamine B as the hydrophilic model drug were compared to those of relative uncoated hydrogels. 25969981 5 30 theme model 836:840 arg1 B 815:815 rhodamine B 805:815 rhodamine B 805:815 Swelling, stability in physiological solution and release characteristics using rhodamine B as the hydrophilic model drug were compared to those of relative uncoated hydrogels. 25969981 4 31 theme human 630:634 arg1 cells 656:660 human mesenchymal stromal cells 630:660 human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) 630:666 Tests in vitro with human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) were assessed to check the absence of toxicity of CH-Cl. 25969981 4 31 theme human 630:634 arg1 MSC 663:665 MSC 663:665 MSC 663:665 Tests in vitro with human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) were assessed to check the absence of toxicity of CH-Cl. 25969981 3 32 theme due 584:586 arg1 alterations 572:582 morphological alterations 558:582 morphological alterations due to the coating layer 558:607 Structural analysis by cryo-scanning electron microscopy was carried out to highlight morphological alterations due to the coating layer. 25969981 7 33 theme chitosan 1020:1027 arg1 hydrochloride 1029:1041 chitosan hydrochloride 1020:1041 chitosan hydrochloride described here 1020:1056 Results show that alginate hydrogels coated with chitosan hydrochloride described here can be proposed as a novel medicated dressing by associating intrinsic antimicrobial activity with improved sustained release characteristics. 25969981 1 34 theme chitosan 87:94 arg1 coating 76:82 a coating 74:82 a coating of chitosan onto alginate hydrogels 74:118 In this work, a coating of chitosan onto alginate hydrogels was realized using the water-soluble hydrochloride form of chitosan (CH-Cl), with the dual purpose of imparting antibacterial activity and delaying the release of hydrophilic molecules from the alginate matrix. 25969981 0 35 theme wound 44:48 arg1 dressing 50:57 wound dressing 44:57 wound dressing 44:57 Alginate hydrogels coated with chitosan for wound dressing. 25969981 1 36 theme hydrophilic 283:293 arg1 molecules 295:303 hydrophilic molecules 283:303 hydrophilic molecules 283:303 In this work, a coating of chitosan onto alginate hydrogels was realized using the water-soluble hydrochloride form of chitosan (CH-Cl), with the dual purpose of imparting antibacterial activity and delaying the release of hydrophilic molecules from the alginate matrix. 25969981 5 37 from stability 735:743 arg1 solution 762:769 physiological solution 748:769 physiological solution 748:769 Swelling, stability in physiological solution and release characteristics using rhodamine B as the hydrophilic model drug were compared to those of relative uncoated hydrogels. 25969981 3 38 theme Structural 472:481 arg1 analysis 483:490 Structural analysis 472:490 Structural analysis by cryo-scanning electron microscopy 472:527 Structural analysis by cryo-scanning electron microscopy was carried out to highlight morphological alterations due to the coating layer. 25969981 1 39 theme molecules 295:303 arg1 release 272:278 the release 268:278 the release of hydrophilic molecules from the alginate matrix 268:328 In this work, a coating of chitosan onto alginate hydrogels was realized using the water-soluble hydrochloride form of chitosan (CH-Cl), with the dual purpose of imparting antibacterial activity and delaying the release of hydrophilic molecules from the alginate matrix. 25969981 7 40 theme improved 1157:1164 arg1 characteristics 1184:1198 improved sustained release characteristics 1157:1198 improved sustained release characteristics 1157:1198 Results show that alginate hydrogels coated with chitosan hydrochloride described here can be proposed as a novel medicated dressing by associating intrinsic antimicrobial activity with improved sustained release characteristics. 25969981 1 41 theme alginate 101:108 arg1 hydrogels 110:118 alginate hydrogels 101:118 alginate hydrogels 101:118 In this work, a coating of chitosan onto alginate hydrogels was realized using the water-soluble hydrochloride form of chitosan (CH-Cl), with the dual purpose of imparting antibacterial activity and delaying the release of hydrophilic molecules from the alginate matrix. 25969981 5 42 from Swelling 725:732 arg1 solution 762:769 physiological solution 748:769 physiological solution 748:769 Swelling, stability in physiological solution and release characteristics using rhodamine B as the hydrophilic model drug were compared to those of relative uncoated hydrogels. 25969981 7 43 theme medicated 1085:1093 arg1 dressing 1095:1102 a novel medicated dressing 1077:1102 a novel medicated dressing 1077:1102 Results show that alginate hydrogels coated with chitosan hydrochloride described here can be proposed as a novel medicated dressing by associating intrinsic antimicrobial activity with improved sustained release characteristics. 25969981 7 43 theme medicated 1085:1093 arg1 hydrogels 998:1006 alginate hydrogels 989:1006 alginate hydrogels coated with chitosan hydrochloride described here 989:1056 Results show that alginate hydrogels coated with chitosan hydrochloride described here can be proposed as a novel medicated dressing by associating intrinsic antimicrobial activity with improved sustained release characteristics. 25969981 2 44 with hydrogels 340:348 arg1 contents 373:380 different calcium contents 355:380 different calcium contents 355:380 Alginate hydrogels with different calcium contents were prepared by the internal setting method and coated by immersion in a CH-Cl solution. 25969981 0 45 dep hydrogels 9:17 arg1 coated 19:24 coated 19:24 hydrogels coated with chitosan for wound dressing 9:57 Alginate hydrogels coated with chitosan for wound dressing. 25969981 1 46 theme chitosan 179:186 arg1 form 171:174 the water-soluble hydrochloride form 139:174 the water-soluble hydrochloride form of chitosan (CH-Cl) 139:194 In this work, a coating of chitosan onto alginate hydrogels was realized using the water-soluble hydrochloride form of chitosan (CH-Cl), with the dual purpose of imparting antibacterial activity and delaying the release of hydrophilic molecules from the alginate matrix. 25969981 3 47 theme cryo-scanning 495:507 arg1 microscopy 518:527 cryo-scanning electron microscopy 495:527 cryo-scanning electron microscopy 495:527 Structural analysis by cryo-scanning electron microscopy was carried out to highlight morphological alterations due to the coating layer. 25969981 4 48 theme stromal 648:654 arg1 cells 656:660 human mesenchymal stromal cells 630:660 human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) 630:666 Tests in vitro with human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) were assessed to check the absence of toxicity of CH-Cl. 25969981 4 48 theme stromal 648:654 arg1 MSC 663:665 MSC 663:665 MSC 663:665 Tests in vitro with human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) were assessed to check the absence of toxicity of CH-Cl. 25969981 4 49 from Tests 610:614 arg1 vitro 619:623 vitro 619:623 vitro with human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) 619:666 Tests in vitro with human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) were assessed to check the absence of toxicity of CH-Cl. 25969981 3 50 theme electron 509:516 arg1 microscopy 518:527 cryo-scanning electron microscopy 495:527 cryo-scanning electron microscopy 495:527 Structural analysis by cryo-scanning electron microscopy was carried out to highlight morphological alterations due to the coating layer. 25969981 1 51 theme dual 206:209 arg1 purpose 211:217 the dual purpose 202:217 the dual purpose of imparting antibacterial activity and delaying the release of hydrophilic molecules from the alginate matrix 202:328 In this work, a coating of chitosan onto alginate hydrogels was realized using the water-soluble hydrochloride form of chitosan (CH-Cl), with the dual purpose of imparting antibacterial activity and delaying the release of hydrophilic molecules from the alginate matrix. 25716331 2 0 theme physicochemical 496:510 arg1 properties 512:521 their physicochemical properties 490:521 their physicochemical properties 490:521 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 6 1 theme xerogel 1331:1337 arg1 composites 1339:1348 xerogel composites 1331:1348 xerogel composites 1331:1348 Obtained results for xerogel composites suggest that the metronidazole-loaded xerogels could be attractive candidates for local delivery systems particularly to a bone. 25716331 6 2 theme delivery 1438:1445 arg1 systems 1447:1453 local delivery systems 1432:1453 local delivery systems 1432:1453 Obtained results for xerogel composites suggest that the metronidazole-loaded xerogels could be attractive candidates for local delivery systems particularly to a bone. 25716331 2 3 theme different 377:385 arg1 HPC 436:438 HPC 436:438 HPC 436:438 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 3 theme different 377:385 arg1 cellulose 425:433 the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose 398:433 the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] 398:440 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 3 theme different 377:385 arg1 amounts 387:393 different amounts 377:393 different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] 377:440 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 5 4 theme oxide 1205:1209 arg1 material 1211:1218 the oxide material 1201:1218 the oxide material 1201:1218 HPC addition to the oxide material resulted in a decrease in the porosity and improved the bioactive properties of xerogels. 25716331 1 5 theme drug 259:262 arg1 carriers 247:254 carriers 247:254 carriers of drug 247:262 In this study, oxide and polymer/oxide xerogels with metronidazole were prepared and examined as carriers of drug for the local application to the bone. 25716331 1 5 theme drug 259:262 arg1 xerogels 189:196 oxide and polymer/oxide xerogels 165:196 oxide and polymer/oxide xerogels with metronidazole 165:215 In this study, oxide and polymer/oxide xerogels with metronidazole were prepared and examined as carriers of drug for the local application to the bone. 25716331 2 6 from spectroscopy 855:866 arg1 region 894:899 the ultraviolet light region 872:899 the ultraviolet light region 872:899 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 7 theme solids 672:677 arg1 XRD 730:732 XRD 730:732 XRD 730:732 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 7 theme solids 672:677 arg1 area 664:667 the specific surface area 643:667 the specific surface area of solids 643:677 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 7 theme solids 672:677 arg1 spectroscopy 608:619 infrared spectroscopy 599:619 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)] 599:627 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 7 theme solids 672:677 arg1 microscope 770:779 morphology [by scanning electron microscope 737:779 morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] 737:786 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 7 theme solids 672:677 arg1 porosity 630:637 porosity 630:637 porosity 630:637 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 7 theme solids 672:677 arg1 release 805:811 the in vitro release 792:811 the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region) 792:900 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 7 theme solids 672:677 arg1 BET 680:682 BET 680:682 BET 680:682 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 7 theme solids 672:677 arg1 FTIR 622:625 FTIR 622:625 FTIR 622:625 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 7 theme solids 672:677 arg1 SEM 782:784 SEM 782:784 SEM 782:784 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 7 theme solids 672:677 arg1 diffraction 717:727 crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction 686:727 crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)] 686:734 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 1 8 theme oxide 165:169 arg1 xerogels 189:196 oxide and polymer/oxide xerogels 165:196 oxide and polymer/oxide xerogels with metronidazole 165:215 In this study, oxide and polymer/oxide xerogels with metronidazole were prepared and examined as carriers of drug for the local application to the bone. 25716331 1 8 theme oxide 165:169 arg1 carriers 247:254 carriers 247:254 carriers of drug 247:262 In this study, oxide and polymer/oxide xerogels with metronidazole were prepared and examined as carriers of drug for the local application to the bone. 25716331 2 9 theme in 796:797 arg1 release 805:811 the in vitro release 792:811 the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region) 792:900 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 3 10 theme pure 1073:1076 arg1 xerogel 1084:1090 the pure oxide xerogel 1069:1090 the pure oxide xerogel 1069:1090 HPC-modified oxide xerogels as the carriers of drug showed slower release of metronidazole, due to the structure and stronger interactions with drug as compared with the pure oxide xerogel. 25716331 0 11 theme Parameters 109:118 arg1 Influence 80:88 Influence 80:88 The Design of Nanostructured Metronidazole-Loaded HPC/Oxide Xerogel Composites: Influence of the Formulation Parameters on In Vitro Characterisation. 0:148 The Design of Nanostructured Metronidazole-Loaded HPC/Oxide Xerogel Composites: Influence of the Formulation Parameters on In Vitro Characterisation. 25716331 0 12 dep In 123:124 arg1 Vitro 126:130 Vitro 126:130 Vitro 126:130 The Design of Nanostructured Metronidazole-Loaded HPC/Oxide Xerogel Composites: Influence of the Formulation Parameters on In Vitro Characterisation. 25716331 2 13 with SiO2-CaO-P2O5 318:330 arg1 HPC 436:438 HPC 436:438 HPC 436:438 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 13 with SiO2-CaO-P2O5 318:330 arg1 cellulose 425:433 the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose 398:433 the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] 398:440 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 13 with SiO2-CaO-P2O5 318:330 arg1 amounts 387:393 different amounts 377:393 different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] 377:440 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 0 14 theme Formulation 97:107 arg1 Parameters 109:118 the Formulation Parameters 93:118 the Formulation Parameters 93:118 The Design of Nanostructured Metronidazole-Loaded HPC/Oxide Xerogel Composites: Influence of the Formulation Parameters on In Vitro Characterisation. 25716331 3 15 theme drug 950:953 arg1 carriers 938:945 the carriers 934:945 the carriers of drug 934:953 HPC-modified oxide xerogels as the carriers of drug showed slower release of metronidazole, due to the structure and stronger interactions with drug as compared with the pure oxide xerogel. 25716331 3 16 with structure 1006:1014 arg1 drug 1047:1050 drug 1047:1050 drug 1047:1050 HPC-modified oxide xerogels as the carriers of drug showed slower release of metronidazole, due to the structure and stronger interactions with drug as compared with the pure oxide xerogel. 25716331 2 17 theme [by 748:750 arg1 SEM 782:784 SEM 782:784 SEM 782:784 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 17 theme [by 748:750 arg1 microscope 770:779 morphology [by scanning electron microscope 737:779 morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] 737:786 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 1 18 theme local 272:276 arg1 application 278:288 the local application 268:288 the local application to the bone 268:300 In this study, oxide and polymer/oxide xerogels with metronidazole were prepared and examined as carriers of drug for the local application to the bone. 25716331 0 19 theme In 123:124 arg1 Characterisation 132:147 In Vitro Characterisation 123:147 In Vitro Characterisation 123:147 The Design of Nanostructured Metronidazole-Loaded HPC/Oxide Xerogel Composites: Influence of the Formulation Parameters on In Vitro Characterisation. 25716331 2 20 theme specific 647:654 arg1 area 664:667 the specific surface area 643:667 the specific surface area of solids 643:677 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 21 theme surface 656:662 arg1 area 664:667 the specific surface area 643:667 the specific surface area of solids 643:677 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 22 theme morphology 737:746 arg1 SEM 782:784 SEM 782:784 SEM 782:784 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 22 theme morphology 737:746 arg1 microscope 770:779 morphology [by scanning electron microscope 737:779 morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] 737:786 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 23 theme cellulose 425:433 arg1 HPC 436:438 HPC 436:438 HPC 436:438 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 23 theme cellulose 425:433 arg1 cellulose 425:433 the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose 398:433 the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] 398:440 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 23 theme cellulose 425:433 arg1 amounts 387:393 different amounts 377:393 different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] 377:440 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 24 theme sol-gel 466:472 arg1 technology 474:483 the sol-gel technology 462:483 the sol-gel technology 462:483 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 25 theme UV-vis 848:853 arg1 spectroscopy 855:866 UV-vis spectroscopy 848:866 UV-vis spectroscopy 848:866 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 5 26 theme HPC 1185:1187 arg1 addition 1189:1196 HPC addition 1185:1196 HPC addition to the oxide material 1185:1218 HPC addition to the oxide material resulted in a decrease in the porosity and improved the bioactive properties of xerogels. 25716331 1 27 theme polymer/oxide 175:187 arg1 xerogels 189:196 oxide and polymer/oxide xerogels 165:196 oxide and polymer/oxide xerogels with metronidazole 165:215 In this study, oxide and polymer/oxide xerogels with metronidazole were prepared and examined as carriers of drug for the local application to the bone. 25716331 1 27 theme polymer/oxide 175:187 arg1 carriers 247:254 carriers 247:254 carriers of drug 247:262 In this study, oxide and polymer/oxide xerogels with metronidazole were prepared and examined as carriers of drug for the local application to the bone. 25716331 4 28 theme xerogel 1167:1173 arg1 carriers 1175:1182 all xerogel carriers 1163:1182 all xerogel carriers 1163:1182 Kinetic analysis indicated diffusional mechanism of drug release from all xerogel carriers. 25716331 5 29 from decrease 1234:1241 arg1 porosity 1250:1257 the porosity 1246:1257 the porosity 1246:1257 HPC addition to the oxide material resulted in a decrease in the porosity and improved the bioactive properties of xerogels. 25716331 3 30 theme stronger 1020:1027 arg1 interactions 1029:1040 stronger interactions 1020:1040 stronger interactions with drug 1020:1050 HPC-modified oxide xerogels as the carriers of drug showed slower release of metronidazole, due to the structure and stronger interactions with drug as compared with the pure oxide xerogel. 25716331 4 31 from carriers 1175:1182 arg1 mechanism 1132:1140 diffusional mechanism 1120:1140 diffusional mechanism of drug release from all xerogel carriers 1120:1182 Kinetic analysis indicated diffusional mechanism of drug release from all xerogel carriers. 25716331 4 31 from carriers 1175:1182 arg1 release 1150:1156 drug release 1145:1156 drug release from all xerogel carriers 1145:1182 Kinetic analysis indicated diffusional mechanism of drug release from all xerogel carriers. 25716331 2 32 theme polymer 402:408 arg1 HPC 436:438 HPC 436:438 HPC 436:438 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 32 theme polymer 402:408 arg1 cellulose 425:433 the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose 398:433 the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] 398:440 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 6 33 theme attractive 1406:1415 arg1 xerogels 1388:1395 the metronidazole-loaded xerogels 1363:1395 the metronidazole-loaded xerogels 1363:1395 Obtained results for xerogel composites suggest that the metronidazole-loaded xerogels could be attractive candidates for local delivery systems particularly to a bone. 25716331 6 33 theme attractive 1406:1415 arg1 candidates 1417:1426 attractive candidates 1406:1426 attractive candidates for local delivery systems 1406:1453 Obtained results for xerogel composites suggest that the metronidazole-loaded xerogels could be attractive candidates for local delivery systems particularly to a bone. 25716331 4 34 theme drug 1145:1148 arg1 release 1150:1156 drug release 1145:1156 drug release from all xerogel carriers 1145:1182 Kinetic analysis indicated diffusional mechanism of drug release from all xerogel carriers. 25716331 2 35 theme nanoporous 307:316 arg1 SiO2-CaO-P2O5 318:330 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials 303:370 SiO2-CaO-P2O5 318:330 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 0 36 theme Nanostructured 14:27 arg1 Composites 68:77 Nanostructured Metronidazole-Loaded HPC/Oxide Xerogel Composites 14:77 Nanostructured Metronidazole-Loaded HPC/Oxide Xerogel Composites 14:77 The Design of Nanostructured Metronidazole-Loaded HPC/Oxide Xerogel Composites: Influence of the Formulation Parameters on In Vitro Characterisation. 25716331 3 37 theme metronidazole 980:992 arg1 release 969:975 slower release 962:975 slower release of metronidazole 962:992 HPC-modified oxide xerogels as the carriers of drug showed slower release of metronidazole, due to the structure and stronger interactions with drug as compared with the pure oxide xerogel. 25716331 2 38 dep in 796:797 arg1 vitro 799:803 vitro 799:803 vitro 799:803 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 39 theme [by 577:579 arg1 Fourier 581:587 chemical structure [by Fourier 558:587 chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region) 558:900 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 6 40 theme metronidazole-loaded 1367:1386 arg1 xerogels 1388:1395 the metronidazole-loaded xerogels 1363:1395 the metronidazole-loaded xerogels 1363:1395 Obtained results for xerogel composites suggest that the metronidazole-loaded xerogels could be attractive candidates for local delivery systems particularly to a bone. 25716331 6 40 theme metronidazole-loaded 1367:1386 arg1 candidates 1417:1426 attractive candidates 1406:1426 attractive candidates for local delivery systems 1406:1453 Obtained results for xerogel composites suggest that the metronidazole-loaded xerogels could be attractive candidates for local delivery systems particularly to a bone. 25716331 2 41 theme electron 761:768 arg1 SEM 782:784 SEM 782:784 SEM 782:784 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 41 theme electron 761:768 arg1 microscope 770:779 morphology [by scanning electron microscope 737:779 morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] 737:786 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 0 42 theme HPC/Oxide 50:58 arg1 Composites 68:77 Nanostructured Metronidazole-Loaded HPC/Oxide Xerogel Composites 14:77 Nanostructured Metronidazole-Loaded HPC/Oxide Xerogel Composites 14:77 The Design of Nanostructured Metronidazole-Loaded HPC/Oxide Xerogel Composites: Influence of the Formulation Parameters on In Vitro Characterisation. 25716331 3 43 with interactions 1029:1040 arg1 drug 1047:1050 drug 1047:1050 drug 1047:1050 HPC-modified oxide xerogels as the carriers of drug showed slower release of metronidazole, due to the structure and stronger interactions with drug as compared with the pure oxide xerogel. 25716331 2 44 theme structure 567:575 arg1 Fourier 581:587 chemical structure [by Fourier 558:587 chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region) 558:900 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 6 45 theme local 1432:1436 arg1 systems 1447:1453 local delivery systems 1432:1453 local delivery systems 1432:1453 Obtained results for xerogel composites suggest that the metronidazole-loaded xerogels could be attractive candidates for local delivery systems particularly to a bone. 25716331 2 46 theme scanning 752:759 arg1 SEM 782:784 SEM 782:784 SEM 782:784 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 46 theme scanning 752:759 arg1 microscope 770:779 morphology [by scanning electron microscope 737:779 morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] 737:786 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 0 47 theme Metronidazole-Loaded 29:48 arg1 Composites 68:77 Nanostructured Metronidazole-Loaded HPC/Oxide Xerogel Composites 14:77 Nanostructured Metronidazole-Loaded HPC/Oxide Xerogel Composites 14:77 The Design of Nanostructured Metronidazole-Loaded HPC/Oxide Xerogel Composites: Influence of the Formulation Parameters on In Vitro Characterisation. 25716331 2 48 theme chemical 558:565 arg1 Fourier 581:587 chemical structure [by Fourier 558:587 chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region) 558:900 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 0 49 from Influence 80:88 arg1 Characterisation 132:147 In Vitro Characterisation 123:147 In Vitro Characterisation 123:147 The Design of Nanostructured Metronidazole-Loaded HPC/Oxide Xerogel Composites: Influence of the Formulation Parameters on In Vitro Characterisation. 25716331 3 50 dep structure 1006:1014 arg1 the 1002:1004 the 1002:1004 the 1002:1004 HPC-modified oxide xerogels as the carriers of drug showed slower release of metronidazole, due to the structure and stronger interactions with drug as compared with the pure oxide xerogel. 25716331 3 50 dep structure 1006:1014 arg1 compared 1055:1062 compared 1055:1062 compared with the pure oxide xerogel 1055:1090 HPC-modified oxide xerogels as the carriers of drug showed slower release of metronidazole, due to the structure and stronger interactions with drug as compared with the pure oxide xerogel. 25716331 2 51 theme powder 710:715 arg1 XRD 730:732 XRD 730:732 XRD 730:732 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 51 theme powder 710:715 arg1 diffraction 717:727 crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction 686:727 crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)] 686:734 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 0 52 theme Composites 68:77 arg1 Design 4:9 The Design 0:9 The Design of Nanostructured Metronidazole-Loaded HPC/Oxide Xerogel Composites: Influence of the Formulation Parameters on In Vitro Characterisation. 0:148 The Design of Nanostructured Metronidazole-Loaded HPC/Oxide Xerogel Composites: Influence of the Formulation Parameters on In Vitro Characterisation. 25716331 1 53 with xerogels 189:196 arg1 metronidazole 203:215 metronidazole 203:215 metronidazole 203:215 In this study, oxide and polymer/oxide xerogels with metronidazole were prepared and examined as carriers of drug for the local application to the bone. 25716331 3 54 theme HPC-modified 903:914 arg1 xerogels 922:929 HPC-modified oxide xerogels 903:929 HPC-modified oxide xerogels as the carriers of drug 903:953 HPC-modified oxide xerogels as the carriers of drug showed slower release of metronidazole, due to the structure and stronger interactions with drug as compared with the pure oxide xerogel. 25716331 2 55 theme X-ray 704:708 arg1 XRD 730:732 XRD 730:732 XRD 730:732 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 55 theme X-ray 704:708 arg1 diffraction 717:727 crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction 686:727 crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)] 686:734 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 3 56 theme slower 962:967 arg1 release 969:975 slower release 962:975 slower release of metronidazole 962:992 HPC-modified oxide xerogels as the carriers of drug showed slower release of metronidazole, due to the structure and stronger interactions with drug as compared with the pure oxide xerogel. 25716331 0 57 theme Xerogel 60:66 arg1 Composites 68:77 Nanostructured Metronidazole-Loaded HPC/Oxide Xerogel Composites 14:77 Nanostructured Metronidazole-Loaded HPC/Oxide Xerogel Composites 14:77 The Design of Nanostructured Metronidazole-Loaded HPC/Oxide Xerogel Composites: Influence of the Formulation Parameters on In Vitro Characterisation. 25716331 2 58 theme light 888:892 arg1 region 894:899 the ultraviolet light region 872:899 the ultraviolet light region 872:899 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 4 59 from mechanism 1132:1140 arg1 carriers 1175:1182 all xerogel carriers 1163:1182 all xerogel carriers 1163:1182 Kinetic analysis indicated diffusional mechanism of drug release from all xerogel carriers. 25716331 2 60 theme [by 700:702 arg1 XRD 730:732 XRD 730:732 XRD 730:732 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 60 theme [by 700:702 arg1 diffraction 717:727 crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction 686:727 crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)] 686:734 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 61 theme xerogel 354:360 arg1 materials 362:370 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials 303:370 materials 362:370 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 62 theme ultraviolet 876:886 arg1 region 894:899 the ultraviolet light region 872:899 the ultraviolet light region 872:899 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 63 theme infrared 599:606 arg1 FTIR 622:625 FTIR 622:625 FTIR 622:625 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 63 theme infrared 599:606 arg1 spectroscopy 608:619 infrared spectroscopy 599:619 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)] 599:627 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 64 theme crystallinity 686:698 arg1 XRD 730:732 XRD 730:732 XRD 730:732 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 64 theme crystallinity 686:698 arg1 diffraction 717:727 crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction 686:727 crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)] 686:734 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 65 theme HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 336:352 arg1 materials 362:370 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials 303:370 materials 362:370 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 4 66 theme release 1150:1156 arg1 mechanism 1132:1140 diffusional mechanism 1120:1140 diffusional mechanism of drug release from all xerogel carriers 1120:1182 Kinetic analysis indicated diffusional mechanism of drug release from all xerogel carriers. 25716331 3 67 theme oxide 1078:1082 arg1 xerogel 1084:1090 the pure oxide xerogel 1069:1090 the pure oxide xerogel 1069:1090 HPC-modified oxide xerogels as the carriers of drug showed slower release of metronidazole, due to the structure and stronger interactions with drug as compared with the pure oxide xerogel. 25716331 3 68 theme oxide 916:920 arg1 xerogels 922:929 HPC-modified oxide xerogels 903:929 HPC-modified oxide xerogels as the carriers of drug 903:953 HPC-modified oxide xerogels as the carriers of drug showed slower release of metronidazole, due to the structure and stronger interactions with drug as compared with the pure oxide xerogel. 25716331 5 69 theme xerogels 1300:1307 arg1 properties 1286:1295 the bioactive properties 1272:1295 the bioactive properties of xerogels 1272:1307 HPC addition to the oxide material resulted in a decrease in the porosity and improved the bioactive properties of xerogels. 25716331 2 70 theme metronidazole 820:832 arg1 XRD 730:732 XRD 730:732 XRD 730:732 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 70 theme metronidazole 820:832 arg1 area 664:667 the specific surface area 643:667 the specific surface area of solids 643:677 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 70 theme metronidazole 820:832 arg1 spectroscopy 608:619 infrared spectroscopy 599:619 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)] 599:627 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 70 theme metronidazole 820:832 arg1 microscope 770:779 morphology [by scanning electron microscope 737:779 morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] 737:786 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 70 theme metronidazole 820:832 arg1 porosity 630:637 porosity 630:637 porosity 630:637 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 70 theme metronidazole 820:832 arg1 release 805:811 the in vitro release 792:811 the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region) 792:900 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 70 theme metronidazole 820:832 arg1 BET 680:682 BET 680:682 BET 680:682 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 70 theme metronidazole 820:832 arg1 FTIR 622:625 FTIR 622:625 FTIR 622:625 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 70 theme metronidazole 820:832 arg1 SEM 782:784 SEM 782:784 SEM 782:784 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 70 theme metronidazole 820:832 arg1 diffraction 717:727 crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction 686:727 crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)] 686:734 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 0 71 dep Design 4:9 arg1 Influence 80:88 Influence 80:88 The Design of Nanostructured Metronidazole-Loaded HPC/Oxide Xerogel Composites: Influence of the Formulation Parameters on In Vitro Characterisation. 0:148 The Design of Nanostructured Metronidazole-Loaded HPC/Oxide Xerogel Composites: Influence of the Formulation Parameters on In Vitro Characterisation. 25716331 4 72 theme Kinetic 1093:1099 arg1 analysis 1101:1108 Kinetic analysis 1093:1108 Kinetic analysis 1093:1108 Kinetic analysis indicated diffusional mechanism of drug release from all xerogel carriers. 25716331 2 73 theme [hydroxypropyl 410:423 arg1 HPC 436:438 HPC 436:438 HPC 436:438 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 73 theme [hydroxypropyl 410:423 arg1 cellulose 425:433 the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose 398:433 the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] 398:440 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 74 dep Fourier 581:587 arg1 transform 589:597 transform 589:597 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region) 589:900 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 5 75 theme bioactive 1276:1284 arg1 properties 1286:1295 the bioactive properties 1272:1295 the bioactive properties of xerogels 1272:1307 HPC addition to the oxide material resulted in a decrease in the porosity and improved the bioactive properties of xerogels. 25716331 2 76 with materials 362:370 arg1 HPC 436:438 HPC 436:438 HPC 436:438 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 76 with materials 362:370 arg1 cellulose 425:433 the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose 398:433 the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] 398:440 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 2 76 with materials 362:370 arg1 amounts 387:393 different amounts 377:393 different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] 377:440 The nanoporous SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and HPC-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] were prepared using the sol-gel technology, and their physicochemical properties were characterised with respect to chemical structure [by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], porosity and the specific surface area of solids (BET), crystallinity [by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)], morphology [by scanning electron microscope (SEM)] and the in vitro release of the metronidazole over time (by UV-vis spectroscopy, in the ultraviolet light region). 25716331 4 77 theme diffusional 1120:1130 arg1 mechanism 1132:1140 diffusional mechanism 1120:1140 diffusional mechanism of drug release from all xerogel carriers 1120:1182 Kinetic analysis indicated diffusional mechanism of drug release from all xerogel carriers. 25716331 6 78 theme Obtained 1310:1317 arg1 results 1319:1325 Obtained results 1310:1325 Obtained results for xerogel composites 1310:1348 Obtained results for xerogel composites suggest that the metronidazole-loaded xerogels could be attractive candidates for local delivery systems particularly to a bone. 24274492 1 0 theme support 318:324 arg1 layer 326:330 the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) support layer 290:330 the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) support layer 290:330 The composite membranes with two-active-layer (a capping layer and an inner layer) were prepared by sequential spin-coatings of hyaluronic acid (HA) and sodium alginate (NaAlg) on the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) support layer. 24274492 3 1 contain had 478:480 arg2 influence 493:501 an obvious influence 482:501 an obvious influence 482:501 The coating sequence of two-active-layer had an obvious influence on the pervaporation dehydration performance of membranes. 24274492 3 1 contain had 478:480 arg1 sequence 449:456 The coating sequence 437:456 The coating sequence of two-active-layer 437:476 The coating sequence of two-active-layer had an obvious influence on the pervaporation dehydration performance of membranes. 24274492 6 2 theme retention 865:873 arg1 capacity 875:882 water retention capacity 859:882 water retention capacity 859:882 It was found that the capping layer with higher hydrophilicity and water retention capacity, and the inner layer with higher permselectivity could increase the separation performance of the composite membranes. 24274492 1 3 theme inner 180:184 arg1 layer 186:190 an inner layer 177:190 an inner layer 177:190 The composite membranes with two-active-layer (a capping layer and an inner layer) were prepared by sequential spin-coatings of hyaluronic acid (HA) and sodium alginate (NaAlg) on the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) support layer. 24274492 6 4 theme separation 952:961 arg1 performance 963:973 the separation performance 948:973 the separation performance of the composite membranes 948:1000 It was found that the capping layer with higher hydrophilicity and water retention capacity, and the inner layer with higher permselectivity could increase the separation performance of the composite membranes. 24274492 7 5 from temperature 1035:1045 arg1 feed 1074:1077 feed 1074:1077 feed 1074:1077 Meanwhile, effects of operation temperature and water concentration in feed on pervaporation performance as well as membrane properties were studied. 24274492 6 6 theme water 859:863 arg1 capacity 875:882 water retention capacity 859:882 water retention capacity 859:882 It was found that the capping layer with higher hydrophilicity and water retention capacity, and the inner layer with higher permselectivity could increase the separation performance of the composite membranes. 24274492 3 7 theme pervaporation 510:522 arg1 performance 536:546 the pervaporation dehydration performance 506:546 the pervaporation dehydration performance of membranes 506:559 The coating sequence of two-active-layer had an obvious influence on the pervaporation dehydration performance of membranes. 24274492 1 8 theme sodium 263:268 arg1 NaAlg 280:284 NaAlg 280:284 NaAlg 280:284 The composite membranes with two-active-layer (a capping layer and an inner layer) were prepared by sequential spin-coatings of hyaluronic acid (HA) and sodium alginate (NaAlg) on the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) support layer. 24274492 1 8 theme sodium 263:268 arg1 alginate 270:277 sodium alginate 263:277 sodium alginate (NaAlg) 263:285 The composite membranes with two-active-layer (a capping layer and an inner layer) were prepared by sequential spin-coatings of hyaluronic acid (HA) and sodium alginate (NaAlg) on the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) support layer. 24274492 5 9 theme Alg/HA/PAN 695:704 arg1 membrane 706:713 Alg/HA/PAN membrane 695:713 Alg/HA/PAN membrane 695:713 %, the permeate fluxes of HA/Alg/PAN membrane and Alg/HA/PAN membrane were similar, whereas the separation factor were 1130 and 527, respectively. 24274492 7 10 theme pervaporation 1082:1094 arg1 performance 1096:1106 pervaporation performance 1082:1106 pervaporation performance 1082:1106 Meanwhile, effects of operation temperature and water concentration in feed on pervaporation performance as well as membrane properties were studied. 24274492 7 11 theme membrane 1119:1126 arg1 properties 1128:1137 membrane properties 1119:1137 effects of operation temperature and water concentration in feed on pervaporation performance as well as membrane properties 1014:1137 Meanwhile, effects of operation temperature and water concentration in feed on pervaporation performance as well as membrane properties were studied. 24274492 7 11 theme membrane 1119:1126 arg1 Meanwhile 1003:1011 Meanwhile 1003:1011 Meanwhile 1003:1011 Meanwhile, effects of operation temperature and water concentration in feed on pervaporation performance as well as membrane properties were studied. 24274492 3 12 theme dehydration 524:534 arg1 performance 536:546 the pervaporation dehydration performance 506:546 the pervaporation dehydration performance of membranes 506:559 The coating sequence of two-active-layer had an obvious influence on the pervaporation dehydration performance of membranes. 24274492 1 13 theme alginate 270:277 arg1 spin-coatings 221:233 sequential spin-coatings 210:233 sequential spin-coatings of hyaluronic acid (HA) and sodium alginate (NaAlg) on the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) support layer 210:330 The composite membranes with two-active-layer (a capping layer and an inner layer) were prepared by sequential spin-coatings of hyaluronic acid (HA) and sodium alginate (NaAlg) on the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) support layer. 24274492 5 14 theme membrane 706:713 arg1 % 645:645 % 645:645 % 645:645 %, the permeate fluxes of HA/Alg/PAN membrane and Alg/HA/PAN membrane were similar, whereas the separation factor were 1130 and 527, respectively. 24274492 5 14 theme membrane 706:713 arg1 fluxes 661:666 the permeate fluxes 648:666 the permeate fluxes of HA/Alg/PAN membrane and Alg/HA/PAN membrane 648:713 %, the permeate fluxes of HA/Alg/PAN membrane and Alg/HA/PAN membrane were similar, whereas the separation factor were 1130 and 527, respectively. 24274492 4 15 theme water 607:611 arg1 concentration 613:625 water concentration 607:625 water concentration 607:625 When the operation temperature was 80 °C and water concentration in feed was 10 wt. 24274492 1 16 dep two-active-layer 139:154 arg1 layer 186:190 an inner layer 177:190 an inner layer 177:190 The composite membranes with two-active-layer (a capping layer and an inner layer) were prepared by sequential spin-coatings of hyaluronic acid (HA) and sodium alginate (NaAlg) on the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) support layer. 24274492 1 16 dep two-active-layer 139:154 arg1 layer 167:171 a capping layer 157:171 a capping layer 157:171 The composite membranes with two-active-layer (a capping layer and an inner layer) were prepared by sequential spin-coatings of hyaluronic acid (HA) and sodium alginate (NaAlg) on the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) support layer. 24274492 2 17 theme NaAlg 424:428 arg1 layer 430:434 the NaAlg layer 420:434 the NaAlg layer 420:434 The SEM showed a mutilayer structure and a distinct interface between the HA layer and the NaAlg layer. 24274492 6 18 theme higher 833:838 arg1 hydrophilicity 840:853 higher hydrophilicity 833:853 higher hydrophilicity 833:853 It was found that the capping layer with higher hydrophilicity and water retention capacity, and the inner layer with higher permselectivity could increase the separation performance of the composite membranes. 24274492 5 19 theme separation 741:750 arg1 1130 764:767 1130 764:767 1130 764:767 %, the permeate fluxes of HA/Alg/PAN membrane and Alg/HA/PAN membrane were similar, whereas the separation factor were 1130 and 527, respectively. 24274492 5 19 theme separation 741:750 arg1 factor 752:757 the separation factor 737:757 the separation factor 737:757 %, the permeate fluxes of HA/Alg/PAN membrane and Alg/HA/PAN membrane were similar, whereas the separation factor were 1130 and 527, respectively. 24274492 6 20 theme composite 982:990 arg1 membranes 992:1000 the composite membranes 978:1000 the composite membranes 978:1000 It was found that the capping layer with higher hydrophilicity and water retention capacity, and the inner layer with higher permselectivity could increase the separation performance of the composite membranes. 24274492 1 21 with membranes 124:132 arg1 two-active-layer 139:154 two-active-layer 139:154 two-active-layer (a capping layer and an inner layer) 139:191 The composite membranes with two-active-layer (a capping layer and an inner layer) were prepared by sequential spin-coatings of hyaluronic acid (HA) and sodium alginate (NaAlg) on the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) support layer. 24274492 7 22 theme water 1051:1055 arg1 concentration 1057:1069 water concentration 1051:1069 water concentration 1051:1069 Meanwhile, effects of operation temperature and water concentration in feed on pervaporation performance as well as membrane properties were studied. 24274492 3 23 theme membranes 551:559 arg1 performance 536:546 the pervaporation dehydration performance 506:546 the pervaporation dehydration performance of membranes 506:559 The coating sequence of two-active-layer had an obvious influence on the pervaporation dehydration performance of membranes. 24274492 6 24 with layer 822:826 arg1 hydrophilicity 840:853 higher hydrophilicity 833:853 higher hydrophilicity 833:853 It was found that the capping layer with higher hydrophilicity and water retention capacity, and the inner layer with higher permselectivity could increase the separation performance of the composite membranes. 24274492 6 24 with layer 822:826 arg1 capacity 875:882 water retention capacity 859:882 water retention capacity 859:882 It was found that the capping layer with higher hydrophilicity and water retention capacity, and the inner layer with higher permselectivity could increase the separation performance of the composite membranes. 24274492 6 24 with layer 822:826 arg1 permselectivity 917:931 higher permselectivity 910:931 higher permselectivity 910:931 It was found that the capping layer with higher hydrophilicity and water retention capacity, and the inner layer with higher permselectivity could increase the separation performance of the composite membranes. 24274492 0 25 theme Pervaporation 0:12 arg1 dehydration 14:24 Pervaporation dehydration 0:24 Pervaporation dehydration of ethanol by hyaluronic acid/sodium alginate two-active-layer composite membranes. 0:108 Pervaporation dehydration of ethanol by hyaluronic acid/sodium alginate two-active-layer composite membranes. 24274492 7 26 theme concentration 1057:1069 arg1 properties 1128:1137 membrane properties 1119:1137 effects of operation temperature and water concentration in feed on pervaporation performance as well as membrane properties 1014:1137 Meanwhile, effects of operation temperature and water concentration in feed on pervaporation performance as well as membrane properties were studied. 24274492 7 26 theme concentration 1057:1069 arg1 effects 1014:1020 effects 1014:1020 effects of operation temperature and water concentration in feed on pervaporation performance as well as membrane properties 1014:1137 Meanwhile, effects of operation temperature and water concentration in feed on pervaporation performance as well as membrane properties were studied. 24274492 7 26 theme concentration 1057:1069 arg1 Meanwhile 1003:1011 Meanwhile 1003:1011 Meanwhile 1003:1011 Meanwhile, effects of operation temperature and water concentration in feed on pervaporation performance as well as membrane properties were studied. 24274492 1 27 theme composite 114:122 arg1 membranes 124:132 The composite membranes 110:132 The composite membranes with two-active-layer (a capping layer and an inner layer) 110:191 The composite membranes with two-active-layer (a capping layer and an inner layer) were prepared by sequential spin-coatings of hyaluronic acid (HA) and sodium alginate (NaAlg) on the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) support layer. 24274492 2 28 theme mutilayer 350:358 arg1 structure 360:368 a mutilayer structure 348:368 a mutilayer structure 348:368 The SEM showed a mutilayer structure and a distinct interface between the HA layer and the NaAlg layer. 24274492 0 29 theme ethanol 29:35 arg1 dehydration 14:24 Pervaporation dehydration 0:24 Pervaporation dehydration of ethanol by hyaluronic acid/sodium alginate two-active-layer composite membranes. 0:108 Pervaporation dehydration of ethanol by hyaluronic acid/sodium alginate two-active-layer composite membranes. 24274492 7 30 from concentration 1057:1069 arg1 feed 1074:1077 feed 1074:1077 feed 1074:1077 Meanwhile, effects of operation temperature and water concentration in feed on pervaporation performance as well as membrane properties were studied. 24274492 7 31 theme temperature 1035:1045 arg1 properties 1128:1137 membrane properties 1119:1137 effects of operation temperature and water concentration in feed on pervaporation performance as well as membrane properties 1014:1137 Meanwhile, effects of operation temperature and water concentration in feed on pervaporation performance as well as membrane properties were studied. 24274492 7 31 theme temperature 1035:1045 arg1 effects 1014:1020 effects 1014:1020 effects of operation temperature and water concentration in feed on pervaporation performance as well as membrane properties 1014:1137 Meanwhile, effects of operation temperature and water concentration in feed on pervaporation performance as well as membrane properties were studied. 24274492 7 31 theme temperature 1035:1045 arg1 Meanwhile 1003:1011 Meanwhile 1003:1011 Meanwhile 1003:1011 Meanwhile, effects of operation temperature and water concentration in feed on pervaporation performance as well as membrane properties were studied. 24274492 6 32 with layer 899:903 arg1 hydrophilicity 840:853 higher hydrophilicity 833:853 higher hydrophilicity 833:853 It was found that the capping layer with higher hydrophilicity and water retention capacity, and the inner layer with higher permselectivity could increase the separation performance of the composite membranes. 24274492 6 32 with layer 899:903 arg1 capacity 875:882 water retention capacity 859:882 water retention capacity 859:882 It was found that the capping layer with higher hydrophilicity and water retention capacity, and the inner layer with higher permselectivity could increase the separation performance of the composite membranes. 24274492 6 32 with layer 899:903 arg1 permselectivity 917:931 higher permselectivity 910:931 higher permselectivity 910:931 It was found that the capping layer with higher hydrophilicity and water retention capacity, and the inner layer with higher permselectivity could increase the separation performance of the composite membranes. 24274492 2 33 theme HA 407:408 arg1 layer 410:414 the HA layer 403:414 the HA layer 403:414 The SEM showed a mutilayer structure and a distinct interface between the HA layer and the NaAlg layer. 24274492 6 34 theme higher 910:915 arg1 permselectivity 917:931 higher permselectivity 910:931 higher permselectivity 910:931 It was found that the capping layer with higher hydrophilicity and water retention capacity, and the inner layer with higher permselectivity could increase the separation performance of the composite membranes. 24274492 4 35 from concentration 613:625 arg1 feed 630:633 feed 630:633 feed 630:633 When the operation temperature was 80 °C and water concentration in feed was 10 wt. 24274492 1 36 theme sequential 210:219 arg1 spin-coatings 221:233 sequential spin-coatings 210:233 sequential spin-coatings of hyaluronic acid (HA) and sodium alginate (NaAlg) on the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) support layer 210:330 The composite membranes with two-active-layer (a capping layer and an inner layer) were prepared by sequential spin-coatings of hyaluronic acid (HA) and sodium alginate (NaAlg) on the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) support layer. 24274492 0 37 theme hyaluronic 40:49 arg1 membranes 99:107 hyaluronic acid/sodium alginate two-active-layer composite membranes 40:107 hyaluronic acid/sodium alginate two-active-layer composite membranes 40:107 Pervaporation dehydration of ethanol by hyaluronic acid/sodium alginate two-active-layer composite membranes. 24274492 7 38 from feed 1074:1077 arg1 properties 1128:1137 membrane properties 1119:1137 effects of operation temperature and water concentration in feed on pervaporation performance as well as membrane properties 1014:1137 Meanwhile, effects of operation temperature and water concentration in feed on pervaporation performance as well as membrane properties were studied. 24274492 7 38 from feed 1074:1077 arg1 effects 1014:1020 effects 1014:1020 effects of operation temperature and water concentration in feed on pervaporation performance as well as membrane properties 1014:1137 Meanwhile, effects of operation temperature and water concentration in feed on pervaporation performance as well as membrane properties were studied. 24274492 7 38 from feed 1074:1077 arg1 Meanwhile 1003:1011 Meanwhile 1003:1011 Meanwhile 1003:1011 Meanwhile, effects of operation temperature and water concentration in feed on pervaporation performance as well as membrane properties were studied. 24274492 5 39 theme HA/Alg/PAN 671:680 arg1 membrane 682:689 HA/Alg/PAN membrane 671:689 HA/Alg/PAN membrane 671:689 %, the permeate fluxes of HA/Alg/PAN membrane and Alg/HA/PAN membrane were similar, whereas the separation factor were 1130 and 527, respectively. 24274492 6 40 theme capping 814:820 arg1 layer 822:826 the capping layer 810:826 the capping layer with higher hydrophilicity and water retention capacity 810:882 It was found that the capping layer with higher hydrophilicity and water retention capacity, and the inner layer with higher permselectivity could increase the separation performance of the composite membranes. 24274492 5 41 theme membrane 682:689 arg1 % 645:645 % 645:645 % 645:645 %, the permeate fluxes of HA/Alg/PAN membrane and Alg/HA/PAN membrane were similar, whereas the separation factor were 1130 and 527, respectively. 24274492 5 41 theme membrane 682:689 arg1 fluxes 661:666 the permeate fluxes 648:666 the permeate fluxes of HA/Alg/PAN membrane and Alg/HA/PAN membrane 648:713 %, the permeate fluxes of HA/Alg/PAN membrane and Alg/HA/PAN membrane were similar, whereas the separation factor were 1130 and 527, respectively. 24274492 1 42 from spin-coatings 221:233 arg1 layer 326:330 the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) support layer 290:330 the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) support layer 290:330 The composite membranes with two-active-layer (a capping layer and an inner layer) were prepared by sequential spin-coatings of hyaluronic acid (HA) and sodium alginate (NaAlg) on the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) support layer. 24274492 2 43 theme distinct 376:383 arg1 interface 385:393 a distinct interface 374:393 a distinct interface between the HA layer and the NaAlg layer 374:434 The SEM showed a mutilayer structure and a distinct interface between the HA layer and the NaAlg layer. 24274492 0 44 theme alginate 63:70 arg1 membranes 99:107 hyaluronic acid/sodium alginate two-active-layer composite membranes 40:107 hyaluronic acid/sodium alginate two-active-layer composite membranes 40:107 Pervaporation dehydration of ethanol by hyaluronic acid/sodium alginate two-active-layer composite membranes. 24274492 1 45 theme polyacrylonitrile 294:310 arg1 layer 326:330 the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) support layer 290:330 the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) support layer 290:330 The composite membranes with two-active-layer (a capping layer and an inner layer) were prepared by sequential spin-coatings of hyaluronic acid (HA) and sodium alginate (NaAlg) on the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) support layer. 24274492 4 46 from °C 600:601 arg1 feed 630:633 feed 630:633 feed 630:633 When the operation temperature was 80 °C and water concentration in feed was 10 wt. 24274492 7 47 theme operation 1025:1033 arg1 temperature 1035:1045 operation temperature 1025:1045 operation temperature 1025:1045 Meanwhile, effects of operation temperature and water concentration in feed on pervaporation performance as well as membrane properties were studied. 24274492 0 48 theme acid/sodium 51:61 arg1 membranes 99:107 hyaluronic acid/sodium alginate two-active-layer composite membranes 40:107 hyaluronic acid/sodium alginate two-active-layer composite membranes 40:107 Pervaporation dehydration of ethanol by hyaluronic acid/sodium alginate two-active-layer composite membranes. 24274492 3 49 theme two-active-layer 461:476 arg1 sequence 449:456 The coating sequence 437:456 The coating sequence of two-active-layer 437:476 The coating sequence of two-active-layer had an obvious influence on the pervaporation dehydration performance of membranes. 24274492 1 50 theme PAN 313:315 arg1 layer 326:330 the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) support layer 290:330 the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) support layer 290:330 The composite membranes with two-active-layer (a capping layer and an inner layer) were prepared by sequential spin-coatings of hyaluronic acid (HA) and sodium alginate (NaAlg) on the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) support layer. 24274492 3 51 theme coating 441:447 arg1 sequence 449:456 The coating sequence 437:456 The coating sequence of two-active-layer 437:476 The coating sequence of two-active-layer had an obvious influence on the pervaporation dehydration performance of membranes. 24274492 1 52 theme hyaluronic 238:247 arg1 HA 255:256 HA 255:256 HA 255:256 The composite membranes with two-active-layer (a capping layer and an inner layer) were prepared by sequential spin-coatings of hyaluronic acid (HA) and sodium alginate (NaAlg) on the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) support layer. 24274492 1 52 theme hyaluronic 238:247 arg1 acid 249:252 hyaluronic acid 238:252 hyaluronic acid (HA) 238:257 The composite membranes with two-active-layer (a capping layer and an inner layer) were prepared by sequential spin-coatings of hyaluronic acid (HA) and sodium alginate (NaAlg) on the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) support layer. 24274492 5 53 theme permeate 652:659 arg1 % 645:645 % 645:645 % 645:645 %, the permeate fluxes of HA/Alg/PAN membrane and Alg/HA/PAN membrane were similar, whereas the separation factor were 1130 and 527, respectively. 24274492 5 53 theme permeate 652:659 arg1 fluxes 661:666 the permeate fluxes 648:666 the permeate fluxes of HA/Alg/PAN membrane and Alg/HA/PAN membrane 648:713 %, the permeate fluxes of HA/Alg/PAN membrane and Alg/HA/PAN membrane were similar, whereas the separation factor were 1130 and 527, respectively. 24274492 7 54 from properties 1128:1137 arg1 feed 1074:1077 feed 1074:1077 feed 1074:1077 Meanwhile, effects of operation temperature and water concentration in feed on pervaporation performance as well as membrane properties were studied. 24274492 7 54 from properties 1128:1137 arg1 performance 1096:1106 pervaporation performance 1082:1106 pervaporation performance 1082:1106 Meanwhile, effects of operation temperature and water concentration in feed on pervaporation performance as well as membrane properties were studied. 24274492 1 55 theme capping 159:165 arg1 layer 167:171 a capping layer 157:171 a capping layer 157:171 The composite membranes with two-active-layer (a capping layer and an inner layer) were prepared by sequential spin-coatings of hyaluronic acid (HA) and sodium alginate (NaAlg) on the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) support layer. 24274492 1 56 theme acid 249:252 arg1 spin-coatings 221:233 sequential spin-coatings 210:233 sequential spin-coatings of hyaluronic acid (HA) and sodium alginate (NaAlg) on the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) support layer 210:330 The composite membranes with two-active-layer (a capping layer and an inner layer) were prepared by sequential spin-coatings of hyaluronic acid (HA) and sodium alginate (NaAlg) on the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) support layer. 24274492 0 57 theme composite 89:97 arg1 membranes 99:107 hyaluronic acid/sodium alginate two-active-layer composite membranes 40:107 hyaluronic acid/sodium alginate two-active-layer composite membranes 40:107 Pervaporation dehydration of ethanol by hyaluronic acid/sodium alginate two-active-layer composite membranes. 24274492 3 58 theme obvious 485:491 arg1 influence 493:501 an obvious influence 482:501 an obvious influence 482:501 The coating sequence of two-active-layer had an obvious influence on the pervaporation dehydration performance of membranes. 24274492 4 59 theme operation 571:579 arg1 temperature 581:591 the operation temperature 567:591 the operation temperature 567:591 When the operation temperature was 80 °C and water concentration in feed was 10 wt. 24274492 4 59 theme operation 571:579 arg1 °C 600:601 80 °C 597:601 80 °C 597:601 When the operation temperature was 80 °C and water concentration in feed was 10 wt. 24274492 0 60 theme two-active-layer 72:87 arg1 membranes 99:107 hyaluronic acid/sodium alginate two-active-layer composite membranes 40:107 hyaluronic acid/sodium alginate two-active-layer composite membranes 40:107 Pervaporation dehydration of ethanol by hyaluronic acid/sodium alginate two-active-layer composite membranes. 24274492 7 61 from effects 1014:1020 arg1 feed 1074:1077 feed 1074:1077 feed 1074:1077 Meanwhile, effects of operation temperature and water concentration in feed on pervaporation performance as well as membrane properties were studied. 24274492 7 61 from effects 1014:1020 arg1 performance 1096:1106 pervaporation performance 1082:1106 pervaporation performance 1082:1106 Meanwhile, effects of operation temperature and water concentration in feed on pervaporation performance as well as membrane properties were studied. 24274492 6 62 theme membranes 992:1000 arg1 performance 963:973 the separation performance 948:973 the separation performance of the composite membranes 948:1000 It was found that the capping layer with higher hydrophilicity and water retention capacity, and the inner layer with higher permselectivity could increase the separation performance of the composite membranes. 24274492 6 63 theme inner 893:897 arg1 layer 899:903 the inner layer 889:903 the inner layer with higher permselectivity 889:931 It was found that the capping layer with higher hydrophilicity and water retention capacity, and the inner layer with higher permselectivity could increase the separation performance of the composite membranes. 28801095 3 0 from content 726:732 arg1 release 765:771 the release 761:771 the release of DOX from nanofibrous scaffolds 761:805 Three-factor three-level central composite design was used to determine the influence of PLA to chitosan ratio, TiO2/DOX content and GO/TiO2/DOX content on the release of DOX from nanofibrous scaffolds. 28801095 4 1 from nanofibers 863:872 arg1 efficiency 821:830 Drug loading efficiency 808:830 Drug loading efficiency 808:830 Drug loading efficiency and drug release behavior from nanofibers were investigated. 28801095 4 1 from nanofibers 863:872 arg1 behavior 849:856 drug release behavior 836:856 drug release behavior 836:856 Drug loading efficiency and drug release behavior from nanofibers were investigated. 28801095 3 2 used used 659:662 arg2 design 648:653 Three-factor three-level central composite design 605:653 Three-factor three-level central composite design 605:653 Three-factor three-level central composite design was used to determine the influence of PLA to chitosan ratio, TiO2/DOX content and GO/TiO2/DOX content on the release of DOX from nanofibrous scaffolds. 28801095 0 3 theme nanofibrous 72:82 arg1 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication of chitosan/poly(lactic acid)/graphene oxide/TiO2 composite nanofibrous 0:82 Fabrication of chitosan/poly(lactic acid)/graphene oxide/TiO2 composite nanofibrous scaffolds for sustained delivery of doxorubicin and treatment of lung cancer. 28801095 3 4 theme ratio 710:714 arg1 influence 681:689 the influence 677:689 the influence of PLA to chitosan ratio 677:714 Three-factor three-level central composite design was used to determine the influence of PLA to chitosan ratio, TiO2/DOX content and GO/TiO2/DOX content on the release of DOX from nanofibrous scaffolds. 28801095 3 4 theme ratio 710:714 arg1 content 750:756 GO/TiO2/DOX content 738:756 GO/TiO2/DOX content 738:756 Three-factor three-level central composite design was used to determine the influence of PLA to chitosan ratio, TiO2/DOX content and GO/TiO2/DOX content on the release of DOX from nanofibrous scaffolds. 28801095 3 4 theme ratio 710:714 arg1 content 726:732 TiO2/DOX content 717:732 TiO2/DOX content 717:732 Three-factor three-level central composite design was used to determine the influence of PLA to chitosan ratio, TiO2/DOX content and GO/TiO2/DOX content on the release of DOX from nanofibrous scaffolds. 28801095 4 5 theme Drug 808:811 arg1 efficiency 821:830 Drug loading efficiency 808:830 Drug loading efficiency 808:830 Drug loading efficiency and drug release behavior from nanofibers were investigated. 28801095 0 6 theme sustained 98:106 arg1 delivery 108:115 sustained delivery 98:115 sustained delivery of doxorubicin and treatment of lung cancer 98:159 Fabrication of chitosan/poly(lactic acid)/graphene oxide/TiO2 composite nanofibrous scaffolds for sustained delivery of doxorubicin and treatment of lung cancer. 28801095 1 7 theme electrospun 330:340 arg1 scaffolds 379:387 the electrospun chitosan/PLA/GO/TiO2/DOX nanofibrous scaffolds 326:387 the electrospun chitosan/PLA/GO/TiO2/DOX nanofibrous scaffolds 326:387 In this work, the synthesized graphene oxide/TiO2/doxorubicin (GO/TiO2/DOX) composites were loaded into the chitosan/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) solutions to fabricate the electrospun chitosan/PLA/GO/TiO2/DOX nanofibrous scaffolds via electrospinning process. 28801095 3 8 from scaffolds 797:805 arg1 release 765:771 the release 761:771 the release of DOX from nanofibrous scaffolds 761:805 Three-factor three-level central composite design was used to determine the influence of PLA to chitosan ratio, TiO2/DOX content and GO/TiO2/DOX content on the release of DOX from nanofibrous scaffolds. 28801095 7 9 theme DOX 1216:1218 arg1 mechanism 1228:1236 the DOX release mechanism 1212:1236 the DOX release mechanism from nanofibers 1212:1252 Korsmayer-Peppas kinetic model was used to determine the DOX release mechanism from nanofibers. 28801095 1 10 theme chitosan/PLA/GO/TiO2/DOX 342:365 arg1 scaffolds 379:387 the electrospun chitosan/PLA/GO/TiO2/DOX nanofibrous scaffolds 326:387 the electrospun chitosan/PLA/GO/TiO2/DOX nanofibrous scaffolds 326:387 In this work, the synthesized graphene oxide/TiO2/doxorubicin (GO/TiO2/DOX) composites were loaded into the chitosan/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) solutions to fabricate the electrospun chitosan/PLA/GO/TiO2/DOX nanofibrous scaffolds via electrospinning process. 28801095 5 11 theme DOX 930:932 arg1 rate 922:925 The higher sustained release rate 893:925 The higher sustained release rate of DOX following the small burst release 893:966 The higher sustained release rate of DOX following the small burst release were achieved from nanofibrous scaffolds with 30 and 50μm thicknesses within two weeks incubation time. 28801095 1 12 theme chitosan/poly 270:282 arg1 solutions 303:311 the chitosan/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) solutions 266:311 the chitosan/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) solutions 266:311 In this work, the synthesized graphene oxide/TiO2/doxorubicin (GO/TiO2/DOX) composites were loaded into the chitosan/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) solutions to fabricate the electrospun chitosan/PLA/GO/TiO2/DOX nanofibrous scaffolds via electrospinning process. 28801095 1 13 theme nanofibrous 367:377 arg1 scaffolds 379:387 the electrospun chitosan/PLA/GO/TiO2/DOX nanofibrous scaffolds 326:387 the electrospun chitosan/PLA/GO/TiO2/DOX nanofibrous scaffolds 326:387 In this work, the synthesized graphene oxide/TiO2/doxorubicin (GO/TiO2/DOX) composites were loaded into the chitosan/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) solutions to fabricate the electrospun chitosan/PLA/GO/TiO2/DOX nanofibrous scaffolds via electrospinning process. 28801095 2 14 theme electron 569:576 arg1 TEM 590:592 TEM 590:592 TEM 590:592 The synthesized composites and nanofibers were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. 28801095 2 14 theme electron 569:576 arg1 microscopy 578:587 transmission electron microscopy 556:587 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis 556:602 The synthesized composites and nanofibers were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. 28801095 6 15 theme DOX 1083:1085 arg1 rate 1095:1098 The faster DOX release rate 1072:1098 The faster DOX release rate from nanofibers 1072:1114 The faster DOX release rate from nanofibers was obtained in pH 5.3 compared to pH 7.4. 28801095 8 16 theme higher 1293:1298 arg1 effect 1325:1330 the higher proliferation inhibition effect 1289:1330 the higher proliferation inhibition effect of nanofibers on target lung cancer cells 1289:1372 The cell viability results showed the higher proliferation inhibition effect of nanofibers on target lung cancer cells in the presence of magnetic field. 28801095 3 17 from influence 681:689 arg1 release 765:771 the release 761:771 the release of DOX from nanofibrous scaffolds 761:805 Three-factor three-level central composite design was used to determine the influence of PLA to chitosan ratio, TiO2/DOX content and GO/TiO2/DOX content on the release of DOX from nanofibrous scaffolds. 28801095 8 18 theme proliferation 1300:1312 arg1 effect 1325:1330 the higher proliferation inhibition effect 1289:1330 the higher proliferation inhibition effect of nanofibers on target lung cancer cells 1289:1372 The cell viability results showed the higher proliferation inhibition effect of nanofibers on target lung cancer cells in the presence of magnetic field. 28801095 5 19 theme higher 897:902 arg1 rate 922:925 The higher sustained release rate 893:925 The higher sustained release rate of DOX following the small burst release 893:966 The higher sustained release rate of DOX following the small burst release were achieved from nanofibrous scaffolds with 30 and 50μm thicknesses within two weeks incubation time. 28801095 2 20 theme X-ray 485:489 arg1 diffraction 498:508 X-ray powder diffraction 485:508 X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) 485:514 The synthesized composites and nanofibers were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. 28801095 2 20 theme X-ray 485:489 arg1 XRD 511:513 XRD 511:513 XRD 511:513 The synthesized composites and nanofibers were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. 28801095 3 21 theme GO/TiO2/DOX 738:748 arg1 content 750:756 GO/TiO2/DOX content 738:756 GO/TiO2/DOX content 738:756 Three-factor three-level central composite design was used to determine the influence of PLA to chitosan ratio, TiO2/DOX content and GO/TiO2/DOX content on the release of DOX from nanofibrous scaffolds. 28801095 2 22 theme electron 526:533 arg1 SEM 547:549 SEM 547:549 SEM 547:549 The synthesized composites and nanofibers were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. 28801095 2 22 theme electron 526:533 arg1 microscopy 535:544 scanning electron microscopy 517:544 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 517:550 The synthesized composites and nanofibers were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. 28801095 8 23 theme field 1402:1406 arg1 presence 1381:1388 the presence 1377:1388 the presence of magnetic field 1377:1406 The cell viability results showed the higher proliferation inhibition effect of nanofibers on target lung cancer cells in the presence of magnetic field. 28801095 5 24 theme sustained 904:912 arg1 rate 922:925 The higher sustained release rate 893:925 The higher sustained release rate of DOX following the small burst release 893:966 The higher sustained release rate of DOX following the small burst release were achieved from nanofibrous scaffolds with 30 and 50μm thicknesses within two weeks incubation time. 28801095 8 25 from effect 1325:1330 arg1 cells 1368:1372 target lung cancer cells 1349:1372 target lung cancer cells 1349:1372 The cell viability results showed the higher proliferation inhibition effect of nanofibers on target lung cancer cells in the presence of magnetic field. 28801095 3 26 dep ratio 710:714 arg1 to 698:699 to 698:699 to 698:699 Three-factor three-level central composite design was used to determine the influence of PLA to chitosan ratio, TiO2/DOX content and GO/TiO2/DOX content on the release of DOX from nanofibrous scaffolds. 28801095 5 27 theme weeks 1049:1053 arg1 time 1066:1069 two weeks incubation time 1045:1069 two weeks incubation time 1045:1069 The higher sustained release rate of DOX following the small burst release were achieved from nanofibrous scaffolds with 30 and 50μm thicknesses within two weeks incubation time. 28801095 8 28 theme magnetic 1393:1400 arg1 field 1402:1406 magnetic field 1393:1406 magnetic field 1393:1406 The cell viability results showed the higher proliferation inhibition effect of nanofibers on target lung cancer cells in the presence of magnetic field. 28801095 5 29 theme release 914:920 arg1 rate 922:925 The higher sustained release rate 893:925 The higher sustained release rate of DOX following the small burst release 893:966 The higher sustained release rate of DOX following the small burst release were achieved from nanofibrous scaffolds with 30 and 50μm thicknesses within two weeks incubation time. 28801095 3 30 from content 750:756 arg1 release 765:771 the release 761:771 the release of DOX from nanofibrous scaffolds 761:805 Three-factor three-level central composite design was used to determine the influence of PLA to chitosan ratio, TiO2/DOX content and GO/TiO2/DOX content on the release of DOX from nanofibrous scaffolds. 28801095 1 31 theme lactic 284:289 arg1 acid 291:294 lactic acid 284:294 lactic acid 284:294 In this work, the synthesized graphene oxide/TiO2/doxorubicin (GO/TiO2/DOX) composites were loaded into the chitosan/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) solutions to fabricate the electrospun chitosan/PLA/GO/TiO2/DOX nanofibrous scaffolds via electrospinning process. 28801095 1 31 theme lactic 284:289 arg1 chitosan/poly 270:282 the chitosan/poly 266:282 the chitosan/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) solutions 266:311 In this work, the synthesized graphene oxide/TiO2/doxorubicin (GO/TiO2/DOX) composites were loaded into the chitosan/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) solutions to fabricate the electrospun chitosan/PLA/GO/TiO2/DOX nanofibrous scaffolds via electrospinning process. 28801095 2 32 theme microscopy 578:587 arg1 analysis 595:602 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis 556:602 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis 556:602 The synthesized composites and nanofibers were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. 28801095 6 33 from nanofibers 1105:1114 arg1 rate 1095:1098 The faster DOX release rate 1072:1098 The faster DOX release rate from nanofibers 1072:1114 The faster DOX release rate from nanofibers was obtained in pH 5.3 compared to pH 7.4. 28801095 8 34 theme cancer 1361:1366 arg1 cells 1368:1372 target lung cancer cells 1349:1372 target lung cancer cells 1349:1372 The cell viability results showed the higher proliferation inhibition effect of nanofibers on target lung cancer cells in the presence of magnetic field. 28801095 4 35 theme release 841:847 arg1 behavior 849:856 drug release behavior 836:856 drug release behavior 836:856 Drug loading efficiency and drug release behavior from nanofibers were investigated. 28801095 1 36 theme synthesized 180:190 arg1 composites 238:247 the synthesized graphene oxide/TiO2/doxorubicin (GO/TiO2/DOX) composites 176:247 the synthesized graphene oxide/TiO2/doxorubicin (GO/TiO2/DOX) composites 176:247 In this work, the synthesized graphene oxide/TiO2/doxorubicin (GO/TiO2/DOX) composites were loaded into the chitosan/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) solutions to fabricate the electrospun chitosan/PLA/GO/TiO2/DOX nanofibrous scaffolds via electrospinning process. 28801095 0 37 theme chitosan/poly 15:27 arg1 nanofibrous 72:82 chitosan/poly(lactic acid)/graphene oxide/TiO2 composite nanofibrous 15:82 chitosan/poly(lactic acid)/graphene oxide/TiO2 composite nanofibrous 15:82 Fabrication of chitosan/poly(lactic acid)/graphene oxide/TiO2 composite nanofibrous scaffolds for sustained delivery of doxorubicin and treatment of lung cancer. 28801095 0 38 theme doxorubicin 120:130 arg1 delivery 108:115 sustained delivery 98:115 sustained delivery of doxorubicin and treatment of lung cancer 98:159 Fabrication of chitosan/poly(lactic acid)/graphene oxide/TiO2 composite nanofibrous scaffolds for sustained delivery of doxorubicin and treatment of lung cancer. 28801095 1 39 theme electrospinning 393:407 arg1 process 409:415 electrospinning process 393:415 electrospinning process 393:415 In this work, the synthesized graphene oxide/TiO2/doxorubicin (GO/TiO2/DOX) composites were loaded into the chitosan/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) solutions to fabricate the electrospun chitosan/PLA/GO/TiO2/DOX nanofibrous scaffolds via electrospinning process. 28801095 5 40 theme nanofibrous 987:997 arg1 scaffolds 999:1007 nanofibrous scaffolds 987:1007 nanofibrous scaffolds with 30 and 50μm thicknesses within two weeks incubation time 987:1069 The higher sustained release rate of DOX following the small burst release were achieved from nanofibrous scaffolds with 30 and 50μm thicknesses within two weeks incubation time. 28801095 1 41 theme graphene 192:199 arg1 composites 238:247 the synthesized graphene oxide/TiO2/doxorubicin (GO/TiO2/DOX) composites 176:247 the synthesized graphene oxide/TiO2/doxorubicin (GO/TiO2/DOX) composites 176:247 In this work, the synthesized graphene oxide/TiO2/doxorubicin (GO/TiO2/DOX) composites were loaded into the chitosan/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) solutions to fabricate the electrospun chitosan/PLA/GO/TiO2/DOX nanofibrous scaffolds via electrospinning process. 28801095 7 42 theme kinetic 1176:1182 arg1 model 1184:1188 Korsmayer-Peppas kinetic model 1159:1188 Korsmayer-Peppas kinetic model 1159:1188 Korsmayer-Peppas kinetic model was used to determine the DOX release mechanism from nanofibers. 28801095 2 43 theme transmission 556:567 arg1 TEM 590:592 TEM 590:592 TEM 590:592 The synthesized composites and nanofibers were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. 28801095 2 43 theme transmission 556:567 arg1 microscopy 578:587 transmission electron microscopy 556:587 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis 556:602 The synthesized composites and nanofibers were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. 28801095 6 44 theme faster 1076:1081 arg1 rate 1095:1098 The faster DOX release rate 1072:1098 The faster DOX release rate from nanofibers 1072:1114 The faster DOX release rate from nanofibers was obtained in pH 5.3 compared to pH 7.4. 28801095 3 45 theme three-level 618:628 arg1 design 648:653 Three-factor three-level central composite design 605:653 Three-factor three-level central composite design 605:653 Three-factor three-level central composite design was used to determine the influence of PLA to chitosan ratio, TiO2/DOX content and GO/TiO2/DOX content on the release of DOX from nanofibrous scaffolds. 28801095 1 46 theme oxide/TiO2/doxorubicin 201:222 arg1 composites 238:247 the synthesized graphene oxide/TiO2/doxorubicin (GO/TiO2/DOX) composites 176:247 the synthesized graphene oxide/TiO2/doxorubicin (GO/TiO2/DOX) composites 176:247 In this work, the synthesized graphene oxide/TiO2/doxorubicin (GO/TiO2/DOX) composites were loaded into the chitosan/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) solutions to fabricate the electrospun chitosan/PLA/GO/TiO2/DOX nanofibrous scaffolds via electrospinning process. 28801095 0 47 theme lactic 29:34 arg1 acid 36:39 lactic acid 29:39 lactic acid 29:39 Fabrication of chitosan/poly(lactic acid)/graphene oxide/TiO2 composite nanofibrous scaffolds for sustained delivery of doxorubicin and treatment of lung cancer. 28801095 0 48 theme treatment 136:144 arg1 delivery 108:115 sustained delivery 98:115 sustained delivery of doxorubicin and treatment of lung cancer 98:159 Fabrication of chitosan/poly(lactic acid)/graphene oxide/TiO2 composite nanofibrous scaffolds for sustained delivery of doxorubicin and treatment of lung cancer. 28801095 7 49 theme Korsmayer-Peppas 1159:1174 arg1 model 1184:1188 Korsmayer-Peppas kinetic model 1159:1188 Korsmayer-Peppas kinetic model 1159:1188 Korsmayer-Peppas kinetic model was used to determine the DOX release mechanism from nanofibers. 28801095 3 50 theme central 630:636 arg1 design 648:653 Three-factor three-level central composite design 605:653 Three-factor three-level central composite design 605:653 Three-factor three-level central composite design was used to determine the influence of PLA to chitosan ratio, TiO2/DOX content and GO/TiO2/DOX content on the release of DOX from nanofibrous scaffolds. 28801095 8 51 theme nanofibers 1335:1344 arg1 effect 1325:1330 the higher proliferation inhibition effect 1289:1330 the higher proliferation inhibition effect of nanofibers on target lung cancer cells 1289:1372 The cell viability results showed the higher proliferation inhibition effect of nanofibers on target lung cancer cells in the presence of magnetic field. 28801095 2 52 theme synthesized 422:432 arg1 composites 434:443 The synthesized composites 418:443 The synthesized composites 418:443 The synthesized composites and nanofibers were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. 28801095 0 53 theme /graphene 41:49 arg1 nanofibrous 72:82 chitosan/poly(lactic acid)/graphene oxide/TiO2 composite nanofibrous 15:82 chitosan/poly(lactic acid)/graphene oxide/TiO2 composite nanofibrous 15:82 Fabrication of chitosan/poly(lactic acid)/graphene oxide/TiO2 composite nanofibrous scaffolds for sustained delivery of doxorubicin and treatment of lung cancer. 28801095 7 54 theme release 1220:1226 arg1 mechanism 1228:1236 the DOX release mechanism 1212:1236 the DOX release mechanism from nanofibers 1212:1252 Korsmayer-Peppas kinetic model was used to determine the DOX release mechanism from nanofibers. 28801095 0 55 theme cancer 154:159 arg1 treatment 136:144 treatment 136:144 treatment of lung cancer 136:159 Fabrication of chitosan/poly(lactic acid)/graphene oxide/TiO2 composite nanofibrous scaffolds for sustained delivery of doxorubicin and treatment of lung cancer. 28801095 0 55 theme cancer 154:159 arg1 doxorubicin 120:130 doxorubicin 120:130 doxorubicin 120:130 Fabrication of chitosan/poly(lactic acid)/graphene oxide/TiO2 composite nanofibrous scaffolds for sustained delivery of doxorubicin and treatment of lung cancer. 28801095 2 56 theme scanning 517:524 arg1 SEM 547:549 SEM 547:549 SEM 547:549 The synthesized composites and nanofibers were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. 28801095 2 56 theme scanning 517:524 arg1 microscopy 535:544 scanning electron microscopy 517:544 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 517:550 The synthesized composites and nanofibers were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. 28801095 3 57 theme DOX 776:778 arg1 release 765:771 the release 761:771 the release of DOX from nanofibrous scaffolds 761:805 Three-factor three-level central composite design was used to determine the influence of PLA to chitosan ratio, TiO2/DOX content and GO/TiO2/DOX content on the release of DOX from nanofibrous scaffolds. 28801095 2 58 theme powder 491:496 arg1 diffraction 498:508 X-ray powder diffraction 485:508 X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) 485:514 The synthesized composites and nanofibers were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. 28801095 2 58 theme powder 491:496 arg1 XRD 511:513 XRD 511:513 XRD 511:513 The synthesized composites and nanofibers were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. 28801095 0 59 theme lung 149:152 arg1 cancer 154:159 lung cancer 149:159 lung cancer 149:159 Fabrication of chitosan/poly(lactic acid)/graphene oxide/TiO2 composite nanofibrous scaffolds for sustained delivery of doxorubicin and treatment of lung cancer. 28801095 3 60 theme Three-factor 605:616 arg1 design 648:653 Three-factor three-level central composite design 605:653 Three-factor three-level central composite design 605:653 Three-factor three-level central composite design was used to determine the influence of PLA to chitosan ratio, TiO2/DOX content and GO/TiO2/DOX content on the release of DOX from nanofibrous scaffolds. 28801095 5 61 theme small 948:952 arg1 burst 954:958 the small burst 944:958 the small burst release 944:966 The higher sustained release rate of DOX following the small burst release were achieved from nanofibrous scaffolds with 30 and 50μm thicknesses within two weeks incubation time. 28801095 3 62 theme nanofibrous 785:795 arg1 scaffolds 797:805 nanofibrous scaffolds 785:805 nanofibrous scaffolds 785:805 Three-factor three-level central composite design was used to determine the influence of PLA to chitosan ratio, TiO2/DOX content and GO/TiO2/DOX content on the release of DOX from nanofibrous scaffolds. 28801095 5 63 theme incubation 1055:1064 arg1 time 1066:1069 two weeks incubation time 1045:1069 two weeks incubation time 1045:1069 The higher sustained release rate of DOX following the small burst release were achieved from nanofibrous scaffolds with 30 and 50μm thicknesses within two weeks incubation time. 28801095 3 64 theme chitosan 701:708 arg1 ratio 710:714 PLA to chitosan ratio 694:714 PLA to chitosan ratio 694:714 Three-factor three-level central composite design was used to determine the influence of PLA to chitosan ratio, TiO2/DOX content and GO/TiO2/DOX content on the release of DOX from nanofibrous scaffolds. 28801095 4 65 theme loading 813:819 arg1 efficiency 821:830 Drug loading efficiency 808:830 Drug loading efficiency 808:830 Drug loading efficiency and drug release behavior from nanofibers were investigated. 28801095 4 66 theme drug 836:839 arg1 behavior 849:856 drug release behavior 836:856 drug release behavior 836:856 Drug loading efficiency and drug release behavior from nanofibers were investigated. 28801095 5 67 theme burst 954:958 arg1 release 960:966 the small burst release 944:966 the small burst release 944:966 The higher sustained release rate of DOX following the small burst release were achieved from nanofibrous scaffolds with 30 and 50μm thicknesses within two weeks incubation time. 28801095 8 68 dep viability 1264:1272 arg1 results 1274:1280 results 1274:1280 The cell viability results 1255:1280 The cell viability results showed the higher proliferation inhibition effect of nanofibers on target lung cancer cells in the presence of magnetic field. 28801095 1 69 theme GO/TiO2/DOX 225:235 arg1 composites 238:247 the synthesized graphene oxide/TiO2/doxorubicin (GO/TiO2/DOX) composites 176:247 the synthesized graphene oxide/TiO2/doxorubicin (GO/TiO2/DOX) composites 176:247 In this work, the synthesized graphene oxide/TiO2/doxorubicin (GO/TiO2/DOX) composites were loaded into the chitosan/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) solutions to fabricate the electrospun chitosan/PLA/GO/TiO2/DOX nanofibrous scaffolds via electrospinning process. 28801095 0 70 dep chitosan/poly 15:27 arg1 acid 36:39 lactic acid 29:39 lactic acid 29:39 Fabrication of chitosan/poly(lactic acid)/graphene oxide/TiO2 composite nanofibrous scaffolds for sustained delivery of doxorubicin and treatment of lung cancer. 28801095 5 71 with scaffolds 999:1007 arg1 thicknesses 1026:1036 30 and 50μm thicknesses 1014:1036 30 and 50μm thicknesses within two weeks incubation time 1014:1069 The higher sustained release rate of DOX following the small burst release were achieved from nanofibrous scaffolds with 30 and 50μm thicknesses within two weeks incubation time. 28801095 0 72 theme composite 62:70 arg1 nanofibrous 72:82 chitosan/poly(lactic acid)/graphene oxide/TiO2 composite nanofibrous 15:82 chitosan/poly(lactic acid)/graphene oxide/TiO2 composite nanofibrous 15:82 Fabrication of chitosan/poly(lactic acid)/graphene oxide/TiO2 composite nanofibrous scaffolds for sustained delivery of doxorubicin and treatment of lung cancer. 28801095 3 73 theme PLA 694:696 arg1 ratio 710:714 PLA to chitosan ratio 694:714 PLA to chitosan ratio 694:714 Three-factor three-level central composite design was used to determine the influence of PLA to chitosan ratio, TiO2/DOX content and GO/TiO2/DOX content on the release of DOX from nanofibrous scaffolds. 28801095 3 74 theme composite 638:646 arg1 design 648:653 Three-factor three-level central composite design 605:653 Three-factor three-level central composite design 605:653 Three-factor three-level central composite design was used to determine the influence of PLA to chitosan ratio, TiO2/DOX content and GO/TiO2/DOX content on the release of DOX from nanofibrous scaffolds. 28801095 6 75 theme release 1087:1093 arg1 rate 1095:1098 The faster DOX release rate 1072:1098 The faster DOX release rate from nanofibers 1072:1114 The faster DOX release rate from nanofibers was obtained in pH 5.3 compared to pH 7.4. 28801095 8 76 theme lung 1356:1359 arg1 cells 1368:1372 target lung cancer cells 1349:1372 target lung cancer cells 1349:1372 The cell viability results showed the higher proliferation inhibition effect of nanofibers on target lung cancer cells in the presence of magnetic field. 28801095 8 77 theme cell 1259:1262 arg1 viability 1264:1272 The cell viability results 1255:1280 The cell viability results 1255:1280 The cell viability results showed the higher proliferation inhibition effect of nanofibers on target lung cancer cells in the presence of magnetic field. 28801095 7 78 used used 1194:1197 arg2 model 1184:1188 Korsmayer-Peppas kinetic model 1159:1188 Korsmayer-Peppas kinetic model 1159:1188 Korsmayer-Peppas kinetic model was used to determine the DOX release mechanism from nanofibers. 28801095 0 79 theme oxide/TiO2 51:60 arg1 nanofibrous 72:82 chitosan/poly(lactic acid)/graphene oxide/TiO2 composite nanofibrous 15:82 chitosan/poly(lactic acid)/graphene oxide/TiO2 composite nanofibrous 15:82 Fabrication of chitosan/poly(lactic acid)/graphene oxide/TiO2 composite nanofibrous scaffolds for sustained delivery of doxorubicin and treatment of lung cancer. 28801095 3 80 theme TiO2/DOX 717:724 arg1 content 726:732 TiO2/DOX content 717:732 TiO2/DOX content 717:732 Three-factor three-level central composite design was used to determine the influence of PLA to chitosan ratio, TiO2/DOX content and GO/TiO2/DOX content on the release of DOX from nanofibrous scaffolds. 28801095 8 81 theme inhibition 1314:1323 arg1 effect 1325:1330 the higher proliferation inhibition effect 1289:1330 the higher proliferation inhibition effect of nanofibers on target lung cancer cells 1289:1372 The cell viability results showed the higher proliferation inhibition effect of nanofibers on target lung cancer cells in the presence of magnetic field. 28801095 8 82 theme target 1349:1354 arg1 cells 1368:1372 target lung cancer cells 1349:1372 target lung cancer cells 1349:1372 The cell viability results showed the higher proliferation inhibition effect of nanofibers on target lung cancer cells in the presence of magnetic field. 28801095 7 83 from nanofibers 1243:1252 arg1 mechanism 1228:1236 the DOX release mechanism 1212:1236 the DOX release mechanism from nanofibers 1212:1252 Korsmayer-Peppas kinetic model was used to determine the DOX release mechanism from nanofibers. 28993297 5 0 theme CoR 738:740 arg1 100mg/L 743:749 100mg/L 743:749 100mg/L 743:749 It removed over 99.3% of CoR (100mg/L) when the dosage was over 1.4g/L. 28993297 5 0 theme CoR 738:740 arg1 CoR 738:740 CoR 738:740 CoR (100mg/L) 738:750 It removed over 99.3% of CoR (100mg/L) when the dosage was over 1.4g/L. 28993297 5 0 theme CoR 738:740 arg1 % 733:733 99.3% 729:733 99.3% of CoR (100mg/L) 729:750 It removed over 99.3% of CoR (100mg/L) when the dosage was over 1.4g/L. 28993297 12 1 from solution 1545:1552 arg1 removal 1506:1512 the efficient removal 1492:1512 the efficient removal of dye pollutants from aqueous solution 1492:1552 The results demonstrated that the porous magnetic Fe3O4/CS-PEI polymer composite is a promising adsorbent for the efficient removal of dye pollutants from aqueous solution. 28993297 7 2 from range 904:908 arg1 effective 865:873 effective 865:873 effective 865:873 The Fe3O4/CS-PEI composite was effective for CoR removal in a wide pH range (3-13). 28993297 7 2 from range 904:908 arg1 composite 851:859 The Fe3O4/CS-PEI composite 834:859 The Fe3O4/CS-PEI composite 834:859 The Fe3O4/CS-PEI composite was effective for CoR removal in a wide pH range (3-13). 28993297 7 3 theme Fe3O4/CS-PEI 838:849 arg1 effective 865:873 effective 865:873 effective 865:873 The Fe3O4/CS-PEI composite was effective for CoR removal in a wide pH range (3-13). 28993297 7 3 theme Fe3O4/CS-PEI 838:849 arg1 composite 851:859 The Fe3O4/CS-PEI composite 834:859 The Fe3O4/CS-PEI composite 834:859 The Fe3O4/CS-PEI composite was effective for CoR removal in a wide pH range (3-13). 28993297 0 4 theme polymer 81:87 arg1 composite 89:97 polyethylenimine polymer composite 64:97 Facile synthesis of high performance porous magnetic chitosan - polyethylenimine polymer composite for Congo red removal. 0:120 Facile synthesis of high performance porous magnetic chitosan - polyethylenimine polymer composite for Congo red removal. 28993297 11 5 theme process 1303:1309 arg1 energy 1273:1278 The activation energy 1258:1278 The activation energy (Ea) of the adsorption process 1258:1309 The activation energy (Ea) of the adsorption process was 34.08kJ/mol, indicating that chemisorption existed in the process. 28993297 11 5 theme process 1303:1309 arg1 34.08kJ/mol 1315:1325 34.08kJ/mol 1315:1325 34.08kJ/mol 1315:1325 The activation energy (Ea) of the adsorption process was 34.08kJ/mol, indicating that chemisorption existed in the process. 28993297 11 5 theme process 1303:1309 arg1 Ea 1281:1282 Ea 1281:1282 Ea 1281:1282 The activation energy (Ea) of the adsorption process was 34.08kJ/mol, indicating that chemisorption existed in the process. 28993297 8 6 theme adsorption 954:963 arg1 mechanism 965:973 the adsorption mechanism 950:973 the adsorption mechanism of CoR 950:980 Kinetics studies suggested that the adsorption mechanism of CoR followed the pseudo-second model and it was also affected by the boundary layer diffusion. 28993297 9 7 theme Redlich-Peterson 1109:1124 arg1 equation 1135:1142 the Redlich-Peterson isotherm equation 1105:1142 the Redlich-Peterson isotherm equation 1105:1142 The adsorption process followed the Redlich-Peterson isotherm equation. 28993297 1 8 theme Fe3O4/CS-PEI 171:182 arg1 composite 193:201 A new porous magnetic chitosan-polyethylenimine (Fe3O4/CS-PEI) polymer composite 122:201 A new porous magnetic chitosan-polyethylenimine (Fe3O4/CS-PEI) polymer composite 122:201 A new porous magnetic chitosan-polyethylenimine (Fe3O4/CS-PEI) polymer composite was synthesized by crosslinking chitosan (CS) with polyethylenimine (PEI) in the present of FeCl3·6H2O and FeCl2·4H2O in alkaline condition and applied to remove congo red (CoR) from aqueous solutions. 28993297 12 9 theme Fe3O4/CS-PEI 1432:1443 arg1 adsorbent 1478:1486 adsorbent 1478:1486 adsorbent 1478:1486 The results demonstrated that the porous magnetic Fe3O4/CS-PEI polymer composite is a promising adsorbent for the efficient removal of dye pollutants from aqueous solution. 28993297 12 9 theme Fe3O4/CS-PEI 1432:1443 arg1 composite 1453:1461 the porous magnetic Fe3O4/CS-PEI polymer composite 1412:1461 the porous magnetic Fe3O4/CS-PEI polymer composite 1412:1461 The results demonstrated that the porous magnetic Fe3O4/CS-PEI polymer composite is a promising adsorbent for the efficient removal of dye pollutants from aqueous solution. 28993297 12 10 theme magnetic 1423:1430 arg1 adsorbent 1478:1486 adsorbent 1478:1486 adsorbent 1478:1486 The results demonstrated that the porous magnetic Fe3O4/CS-PEI polymer composite is a promising adsorbent for the efficient removal of dye pollutants from aqueous solution. 28993297 12 10 theme magnetic 1423:1430 arg1 composite 1453:1461 the porous magnetic Fe3O4/CS-PEI polymer composite 1412:1461 the porous magnetic Fe3O4/CS-PEI polymer composite 1412:1461 The results demonstrated that the porous magnetic Fe3O4/CS-PEI polymer composite is a promising adsorbent for the efficient removal of dye pollutants from aqueous solution. 28993297 8 11 theme CoR 978:980 arg1 mechanism 965:973 the adsorption mechanism 950:973 the adsorption mechanism of CoR 950:980 Kinetics studies suggested that the adsorption mechanism of CoR followed the pseudo-second model and it was also affected by the boundary layer diffusion. 28993297 8 12 theme Kinetics 918:925 arg1 studies 927:933 Kinetics studies 918:933 Kinetics studies 918:933 Kinetics studies suggested that the adsorption mechanism of CoR followed the pseudo-second model and it was also affected by the boundary layer diffusion. 28993297 3 13 theme high 515:518 arg1 charge 529:534 The polymer composite owned high positive charge 487:534 The polymer composite owned high positive charge 487:534 The polymer composite owned high positive charge, large surface area, multi-level pore distribution and magnetic responsiveness. 28993297 12 14 theme dye 1517:1519 arg1 pollutants 1521:1530 dye pollutants 1517:1530 dye pollutants 1517:1530 The results demonstrated that the porous magnetic Fe3O4/CS-PEI polymer composite is a promising adsorbent for the efficient removal of dye pollutants from aqueous solution. 28993297 7 15 theme wide 896:899 arg1 3-13 911:914 3-13 911:914 3-13 911:914 The Fe3O4/CS-PEI composite was effective for CoR removal in a wide pH range (3-13). 28993297 7 15 theme wide 896:899 arg1 range 904:908 a wide pH range 894:908 a wide pH range (3-13) 894:915 The Fe3O4/CS-PEI composite was effective for CoR removal in a wide pH range (3-13). 28993297 3 16 theme positive 520:527 arg1 charge 529:534 The polymer composite owned high positive charge 487:534 The polymer composite owned high positive charge 487:534 The polymer composite owned high positive charge, large surface area, multi-level pore distribution and magnetic responsiveness. 28993297 10 17 theme Thermodynamic 1145:1157 arg1 studies 1159:1165 Thermodynamic studies 1145:1165 Thermodynamic studies 1145:1165 Thermodynamic studies also demonstrated that this adsorption process was spontaneous, favorable and endothermic. 28993297 1 18 from present 284:290 arg1 condition 333:341 alkaline condition 324:341 alkaline condition 324:341 A new porous magnetic chitosan-polyethylenimine (Fe3O4/CS-PEI) polymer composite was synthesized by crosslinking chitosan (CS) with polyethylenimine (PEI) in the present of FeCl3·6H2O and FeCl2·4H2O in alkaline condition and applied to remove congo red (CoR) from aqueous solutions. 28993297 7 19 theme pH 901:902 arg1 3-13 911:914 3-13 911:914 3-13 911:914 The Fe3O4/CS-PEI composite was effective for CoR removal in a wide pH range (3-13). 28993297 7 19 theme pH 901:902 arg1 range 904:908 a wide pH range 894:908 a wide pH range (3-13) 894:915 The Fe3O4/CS-PEI composite was effective for CoR removal in a wide pH range (3-13). 28993297 3 20 theme composite 499:507 arg1 charge 529:534 The polymer composite owned high positive charge 487:534 The polymer composite owned high positive charge 487:534 The polymer composite owned high positive charge, large surface area, multi-level pore distribution and magnetic responsiveness. 28993297 0 21 theme red 109:111 arg1 removal 113:119 Congo red removal 103:119 Congo red removal 103:119 Facile synthesis of high performance porous magnetic chitosan - polyethylenimine polymer composite for Congo red removal. 28993297 3 22 theme owned 509:513 arg1 charge 529:534 The polymer composite owned high positive charge 487:534 The polymer composite owned high positive charge 487:534 The polymer composite owned high positive charge, large surface area, multi-level pore distribution and magnetic responsiveness. 28993297 1 23 theme polymer 185:191 arg1 composite 193:201 A new porous magnetic chitosan-polyethylenimine (Fe3O4/CS-PEI) polymer composite 122:201 A new porous magnetic chitosan-polyethylenimine (Fe3O4/CS-PEI) polymer composite 122:201 A new porous magnetic chitosan-polyethylenimine (Fe3O4/CS-PEI) polymer composite was synthesized by crosslinking chitosan (CS) with polyethylenimine (PEI) in the present of FeCl3·6H2O and FeCl2·4H2O in alkaline condition and applied to remove congo red (CoR) from aqueous solutions. 28993297 3 24 theme polymer 491:497 arg1 charge 529:534 The polymer composite owned high positive charge 487:534 The polymer composite owned high positive charge 487:534 The polymer composite owned high positive charge, large surface area, multi-level pore distribution and magnetic responsiveness. 28993297 11 25 theme activation 1262:1271 arg1 energy 1273:1278 The activation energy 1258:1278 The activation energy (Ea) of the adsorption process 1258:1309 The activation energy (Ea) of the adsorption process was 34.08kJ/mol, indicating that chemisorption existed in the process. 28993297 11 25 theme activation 1262:1271 arg1 34.08kJ/mol 1315:1325 34.08kJ/mol 1315:1325 34.08kJ/mol 1315:1325 The activation energy (Ea) of the adsorption process was 34.08kJ/mol, indicating that chemisorption existed in the process. 28993297 11 25 theme activation 1262:1271 arg1 Ea 1281:1282 Ea 1281:1282 Ea 1281:1282 The activation energy (Ea) of the adsorption process was 34.08kJ/mol, indicating that chemisorption existed in the process. 28993297 2 26 theme FT-IR 471:475 arg1 analysis 477:484 FT-IR analysis 471:484 FT-IR analysis 471:484 The Fe3O4/CS-PEI composite was characterized by SEM, XRD, TGA and FT-IR analysis. 28993297 3 27 theme large 537:541 arg1 area 551:554 large surface area 537:554 large surface area 537:554 The polymer composite owned high positive charge, large surface area, multi-level pore distribution and magnetic responsiveness. 28993297 4 28 theme ultrahigh 666:674 arg1 1876mg/g 686:693 1876mg/g 686:693 1876mg/g 686:693 The porous magnetic Fe3O4/CS-PEI composite showed ultrahigh capacity (1876mg/g) for CoR removal. 28993297 4 28 theme ultrahigh 666:674 arg1 capacity 676:683 ultrahigh capacity 666:683 ultrahigh capacity (1876mg/g) for CoR removal 666:710 The porous magnetic Fe3O4/CS-PEI composite showed ultrahigh capacity (1876mg/g) for CoR removal. 28993297 0 29 theme Facile 0:5 arg1 synthesis 7:15 Facile synthesis 0:15 Facile synthesis of high performance porous magnetic chitosan - polyethylenimine polymer composite for Congo red removal. 0:120 Facile synthesis of high performance porous magnetic chitosan - polyethylenimine polymer composite for Congo red removal. 28993297 8 30 theme pseudo-second 995:1007 arg1 model 1009:1013 the pseudo-second model 991:1013 the pseudo-second model 991:1013 Kinetics studies suggested that the adsorption mechanism of CoR followed the pseudo-second model and it was also affected by the boundary layer diffusion. 28993297 7 31 theme CoR 879:881 arg1 removal 883:889 CoR removal 879:889 CoR removal 879:889 The Fe3O4/CS-PEI composite was effective for CoR removal in a wide pH range (3-13). 28993297 3 32 theme surface 543:549 arg1 area 551:554 large surface area 537:554 large surface area 537:554 The polymer composite owned high positive charge, large surface area, multi-level pore distribution and magnetic responsiveness. 28993297 0 33 theme high 20:23 arg1 chitosan 53:60 high performance porous magnetic chitosan 20:60 high performance porous magnetic chitosan 20:60 Facile synthesis of high performance porous magnetic chitosan - polyethylenimine polymer composite for Congo red removal. 28993297 7 34 from effective 865:873 arg1 3-13 911:914 3-13 911:914 3-13 911:914 The Fe3O4/CS-PEI composite was effective for CoR removal in a wide pH range (3-13). 28993297 7 34 from effective 865:873 arg1 range 904:908 a wide pH range 894:908 a wide pH range (3-13) 894:915 The Fe3O4/CS-PEI composite was effective for CoR removal in a wide pH range (3-13). 28993297 2 35 theme Fe3O4/CS-PEI 409:420 arg1 composite 422:430 The Fe3O4/CS-PEI composite 405:430 The Fe3O4/CS-PEI composite 405:430 The Fe3O4/CS-PEI composite was characterized by SEM, XRD, TGA and FT-IR analysis. 28993297 1 36 with chitosan 235:242 arg1 PEI 272:274 PEI 272:274 PEI 272:274 A new porous magnetic chitosan-polyethylenimine (Fe3O4/CS-PEI) polymer composite was synthesized by crosslinking chitosan (CS) with polyethylenimine (PEI) in the present of FeCl3·6H2O and FeCl2·4H2O in alkaline condition and applied to remove congo red (CoR) from aqueous solutions. 28993297 1 36 with chitosan 235:242 arg1 polyethylenimine 254:269 polyethylenimine 254:269 polyethylenimine (PEI) 254:275 A new porous magnetic chitosan-polyethylenimine (Fe3O4/CS-PEI) polymer composite was synthesized by crosslinking chitosan (CS) with polyethylenimine (PEI) in the present of FeCl3·6H2O and FeCl2·4H2O in alkaline condition and applied to remove congo red (CoR) from aqueous solutions. 28993297 6 37 theme CoR 821:823 arg1 removal 825:831 CoR removal 821:831 CoR removal 821:831 A higher temperature was benefit to CoR removal. 28993297 0 38 theme porous 37:42 arg1 chitosan 53:60 high performance porous magnetic chitosan 20:60 high performance porous magnetic chitosan 20:60 Facile synthesis of high performance porous magnetic chitosan - polyethylenimine polymer composite for Congo red removal. 28993297 4 39 theme magnetic 627:634 arg1 composite 649:657 The porous magnetic Fe3O4/CS-PEI composite 616:657 The porous magnetic Fe3O4/CS-PEI composite 616:657 The porous magnetic Fe3O4/CS-PEI composite showed ultrahigh capacity (1876mg/g) for CoR removal. 28993297 3 40 theme multi-level 557:567 arg1 distribution 574:585 multi-level pore distribution 557:585 multi-level pore distribution 557:585 The polymer composite owned high positive charge, large surface area, multi-level pore distribution and magnetic responsiveness. 28993297 1 41 theme crosslinking 222:233 arg1 CS 245:246 CS 245:246 CS 245:246 A new porous magnetic chitosan-polyethylenimine (Fe3O4/CS-PEI) polymer composite was synthesized by crosslinking chitosan (CS) with polyethylenimine (PEI) in the present of FeCl3·6H2O and FeCl2·4H2O in alkaline condition and applied to remove congo red (CoR) from aqueous solutions. 28993297 1 41 theme crosslinking 222:233 arg1 chitosan 235:242 crosslinking chitosan 222:242 crosslinking chitosan (CS) with polyethylenimine (PEI) 222:275 A new porous magnetic chitosan-polyethylenimine (Fe3O4/CS-PEI) polymer composite was synthesized by crosslinking chitosan (CS) with polyethylenimine (PEI) in the present of FeCl3·6H2O and FeCl2·4H2O in alkaline condition and applied to remove congo red (CoR) from aqueous solutions. 28993297 0 42 theme performance 25:35 arg1 chitosan 53:60 high performance porous magnetic chitosan 20:60 high performance porous magnetic chitosan 20:60 Facile synthesis of high performance porous magnetic chitosan - polyethylenimine polymer composite for Congo red removal. 28993297 1 43 theme FeCl3·6H2O 295:304 arg1 present 284:290 the present 280:290 the present of FeCl3·6H2O and FeCl2·4H2O in alkaline condition 280:341 A new porous magnetic chitosan-polyethylenimine (Fe3O4/CS-PEI) polymer composite was synthesized by crosslinking chitosan (CS) with polyethylenimine (PEI) in the present of FeCl3·6H2O and FeCl2·4H2O in alkaline condition and applied to remove congo red (CoR) from aqueous solutions. 28993297 12 44 theme efficient 1496:1504 arg1 removal 1506:1512 the efficient removal 1492:1512 the efficient removal of dye pollutants from aqueous solution 1492:1552 The results demonstrated that the porous magnetic Fe3O4/CS-PEI polymer composite is a promising adsorbent for the efficient removal of dye pollutants from aqueous solution. 28993297 3 45 theme pore 569:572 arg1 distribution 574:585 multi-level pore distribution 557:585 multi-level pore distribution 557:585 The polymer composite owned high positive charge, large surface area, multi-level pore distribution and magnetic responsiveness. 28993297 4 46 theme porous 620:625 arg1 composite 649:657 The porous magnetic Fe3O4/CS-PEI composite 616:657 The porous magnetic Fe3O4/CS-PEI composite 616:657 The porous magnetic Fe3O4/CS-PEI composite showed ultrahigh capacity (1876mg/g) for CoR removal. 28993297 0 47 theme chitosan 53:60 arg1 synthesis 7:15 Facile synthesis 0:15 Facile synthesis of high performance porous magnetic chitosan - polyethylenimine polymer composite for Congo red removal. 0:120 Facile synthesis of high performance porous magnetic chitosan - polyethylenimine polymer composite for Congo red removal. 28993297 12 48 theme pollutants 1521:1530 arg1 removal 1506:1512 the efficient removal 1492:1512 the efficient removal of dye pollutants from aqueous solution 1492:1552 The results demonstrated that the porous magnetic Fe3O4/CS-PEI polymer composite is a promising adsorbent for the efficient removal of dye pollutants from aqueous solution. 28993297 4 49 theme CoR 700:702 arg1 removal 704:710 CoR removal 700:710 CoR removal 700:710 The porous magnetic Fe3O4/CS-PEI composite showed ultrahigh capacity (1876mg/g) for CoR removal. 28993297 0 50 theme magnetic 44:51 arg1 chitosan 53:60 high performance porous magnetic chitosan 20:60 high performance porous magnetic chitosan 20:60 Facile synthesis of high performance porous magnetic chitosan - polyethylenimine polymer composite for Congo red removal. 28993297 1 51 theme FeCl2·4H2O 310:319 arg1 present 284:290 the present 280:290 the present of FeCl3·6H2O and FeCl2·4H2O in alkaline condition 280:341 A new porous magnetic chitosan-polyethylenimine (Fe3O4/CS-PEI) polymer composite was synthesized by crosslinking chitosan (CS) with polyethylenimine (PEI) in the present of FeCl3·6H2O and FeCl2·4H2O in alkaline condition and applied to remove congo red (CoR) from aqueous solutions. 28993297 12 52 theme porous 1416:1421 arg1 adsorbent 1478:1486 adsorbent 1478:1486 adsorbent 1478:1486 The results demonstrated that the porous magnetic Fe3O4/CS-PEI polymer composite is a promising adsorbent for the efficient removal of dye pollutants from aqueous solution. 28993297 12 52 theme porous 1416:1421 arg1 composite 1453:1461 the porous magnetic Fe3O4/CS-PEI polymer composite 1412:1461 the porous magnetic Fe3O4/CS-PEI polymer composite 1412:1461 The results demonstrated that the porous magnetic Fe3O4/CS-PEI polymer composite is a promising adsorbent for the efficient removal of dye pollutants from aqueous solution. 28993297 1 53 theme aqueous 386:392 arg1 solutions 394:402 aqueous solutions 386:402 aqueous solutions 386:402 A new porous magnetic chitosan-polyethylenimine (Fe3O4/CS-PEI) polymer composite was synthesized by crosslinking chitosan (CS) with polyethylenimine (PEI) in the present of FeCl3·6H2O and FeCl2·4H2O in alkaline condition and applied to remove congo red (CoR) from aqueous solutions. 28993297 12 54 theme polymer 1445:1451 arg1 adsorbent 1478:1486 adsorbent 1478:1486 adsorbent 1478:1486 The results demonstrated that the porous magnetic Fe3O4/CS-PEI polymer composite is a promising adsorbent for the efficient removal of dye pollutants from aqueous solution. 28993297 12 54 theme polymer 1445:1451 arg1 composite 1453:1461 the porous magnetic Fe3O4/CS-PEI polymer composite 1412:1461 the porous magnetic Fe3O4/CS-PEI polymer composite 1412:1461 The results demonstrated that the porous magnetic Fe3O4/CS-PEI polymer composite is a promising adsorbent for the efficient removal of dye pollutants from aqueous solution. 28993297 8 55 theme boundary 1047:1054 arg1 diffusion 1062:1070 the boundary layer diffusion 1043:1070 the boundary layer diffusion 1043:1070 Kinetics studies suggested that the adsorption mechanism of CoR followed the pseudo-second model and it was also affected by the boundary layer diffusion. 28993297 6 56 theme higher 787:792 arg1 benefit 810:816 benefit 810:816 benefit to CoR removal 810:831 A higher temperature was benefit to CoR removal. 28993297 6 56 theme higher 787:792 arg1 temperature 794:804 A higher temperature 785:804 A higher temperature 785:804 A higher temperature was benefit to CoR removal. 28993297 3 57 theme magnetic 591:598 arg1 responsiveness 600:613 magnetic responsiveness 591:613 magnetic responsiveness 591:613 The polymer composite owned high positive charge, large surface area, multi-level pore distribution and magnetic responsiveness. 28993297 9 58 theme isotherm 1126:1133 arg1 equation 1135:1142 the Redlich-Peterson isotherm equation 1105:1142 the Redlich-Peterson isotherm equation 1105:1142 The adsorption process followed the Redlich-Peterson isotherm equation. 28993297 1 59 theme new 124:126 arg1 composite 193:201 A new porous magnetic chitosan-polyethylenimine (Fe3O4/CS-PEI) polymer composite 122:201 A new porous magnetic chitosan-polyethylenimine (Fe3O4/CS-PEI) polymer composite 122:201 A new porous magnetic chitosan-polyethylenimine (Fe3O4/CS-PEI) polymer composite was synthesized by crosslinking chitosan (CS) with polyethylenimine (PEI) in the present of FeCl3·6H2O and FeCl2·4H2O in alkaline condition and applied to remove congo red (CoR) from aqueous solutions. 28993297 10 60 theme adsorption 1195:1204 arg1 process 1206:1212 this adsorption process 1190:1212 this adsorption process 1190:1212 Thermodynamic studies also demonstrated that this adsorption process was spontaneous, favorable and endothermic. 28993297 9 61 theme adsorption 1077:1086 arg1 process 1088:1094 The adsorption process 1073:1094 The adsorption process 1073:1094 The adsorption process followed the Redlich-Peterson isotherm equation. 28993297 1 62 theme porous 128:133 arg1 composite 193:201 A new porous magnetic chitosan-polyethylenimine (Fe3O4/CS-PEI) polymer composite 122:201 A new porous magnetic chitosan-polyethylenimine (Fe3O4/CS-PEI) polymer composite 122:201 A new porous magnetic chitosan-polyethylenimine (Fe3O4/CS-PEI) polymer composite was synthesized by crosslinking chitosan (CS) with polyethylenimine (PEI) in the present of FeCl3·6H2O and FeCl2·4H2O in alkaline condition and applied to remove congo red (CoR) from aqueous solutions. 28993297 11 63 theme adsorption 1292:1301 arg1 process 1303:1309 the adsorption process 1288:1309 the adsorption process 1288:1309 The activation energy (Ea) of the adsorption process was 34.08kJ/mol, indicating that chemisorption existed in the process. 28993297 0 64 theme polyethylenimine 64:79 arg1 composite 89:97 polyethylenimine polymer composite 64:97 Facile synthesis of high performance porous magnetic chitosan - polyethylenimine polymer composite for Congo red removal. 0:120 Facile synthesis of high performance porous magnetic chitosan - polyethylenimine polymer composite for Congo red removal. 28993297 0 65 dep synthesis 7:15 arg1 composite 89:97 polyethylenimine polymer composite 64:97 Facile synthesis of high performance porous magnetic chitosan - polyethylenimine polymer composite for Congo red removal. 0:120 Facile synthesis of high performance porous magnetic chitosan - polyethylenimine polymer composite for Congo red removal. 28993297 1 66 theme magnetic 135:142 arg1 composite 193:201 A new porous magnetic chitosan-polyethylenimine (Fe3O4/CS-PEI) polymer composite 122:201 A new porous magnetic chitosan-polyethylenimine (Fe3O4/CS-PEI) polymer composite 122:201 A new porous magnetic chitosan-polyethylenimine (Fe3O4/CS-PEI) polymer composite was synthesized by crosslinking chitosan (CS) with polyethylenimine (PEI) in the present of FeCl3·6H2O and FeCl2·4H2O in alkaline condition and applied to remove congo red (CoR) from aqueous solutions. 28993297 4 67 theme Fe3O4/CS-PEI 636:647 arg1 composite 649:657 The porous magnetic Fe3O4/CS-PEI composite 616:657 The porous magnetic Fe3O4/CS-PEI composite 616:657 The porous magnetic Fe3O4/CS-PEI composite showed ultrahigh capacity (1876mg/g) for CoR removal. 28993297 8 68 theme layer 1056:1060 arg1 diffusion 1062:1070 the boundary layer diffusion 1043:1070 the boundary layer diffusion 1043:1070 Kinetics studies suggested that the adsorption mechanism of CoR followed the pseudo-second model and it was also affected by the boundary layer diffusion. 28993297 1 69 theme alkaline 324:331 arg1 condition 333:341 alkaline condition 324:341 alkaline condition 324:341 A new porous magnetic chitosan-polyethylenimine (Fe3O4/CS-PEI) polymer composite was synthesized by crosslinking chitosan (CS) with polyethylenimine (PEI) in the present of FeCl3·6H2O and FeCl2·4H2O in alkaline condition and applied to remove congo red (CoR) from aqueous solutions. 28993297 1 70 theme chitosan-polyethylenimine 144:168 arg1 composite 193:201 A new porous magnetic chitosan-polyethylenimine (Fe3O4/CS-PEI) polymer composite 122:201 A new porous magnetic chitosan-polyethylenimine (Fe3O4/CS-PEI) polymer composite 122:201 A new porous magnetic chitosan-polyethylenimine (Fe3O4/CS-PEI) polymer composite was synthesized by crosslinking chitosan (CS) with polyethylenimine (PEI) in the present of FeCl3·6H2O and FeCl2·4H2O in alkaline condition and applied to remove congo red (CoR) from aqueous solutions. 28993297 12 71 theme aqueous 1537:1543 arg1 solution 1545:1552 aqueous solution 1537:1552 aqueous solution 1537:1552 The results demonstrated that the porous magnetic Fe3O4/CS-PEI polymer composite is a promising adsorbent for the efficient removal of dye pollutants from aqueous solution. 25933518 6 0 theme salt 1005:1008 arg1 proof 796:800 proof 796:800 proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands 796:893 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 6 0 theme salt 1005:1008 arg1 compounds 1053:1061 model compounds 1047:1061 model compounds 1047:1061 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 6 0 theme salt 1005:1008 arg1 hydrate 950:956 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate 896:956 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) 896:963 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 6 0 theme salt 1005:1008 arg1 4-SPITC 1023:1029 4-SPITC 1023:1029 4-SPITC 1023:1029 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 6 0 theme salt 1005:1008 arg1 monohydrate 1010:1020 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate 969:1020 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) 969:1030 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 7 1 theme hydroxyl 1316:1323 arg1 groups 1325:1330 surface hydroxyl groups 1308:1330 surface hydroxyl groups 1308:1330 The approaches presented are not only applicable to polysaccharide nanocrystals, but also other classes of polymeric and inorganic substrates presenting surface hydroxyl groups, as in the case of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), silica or glass. 25933518 6 2 theme sulfonated 876:885 arg1 ligands 887:893 sulfonated ligands 876:893 sulfonated ligands 876:893 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 3 3 theme surface 537:543 arg1 hydroxyls 545:553 available surface hydroxyls 527:553 available surface hydroxyls 527:553 At first, surface sulfate groups of CNCs were hydrolytically cleaved by alkaline hydrolysis to increase the number of available surface hydroxyls. 25933518 6 4 theme isothiocyanate 983:996 arg1 proof 796:800 proof 796:800 proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands 796:893 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 6 4 theme isothiocyanate 983:996 arg1 compounds 1053:1061 model compounds 1047:1061 model compounds 1047:1061 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 6 4 theme isothiocyanate 983:996 arg1 hydrate 950:956 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate 896:956 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) 896:963 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 6 4 theme isothiocyanate 983:996 arg1 4-SPITC 1023:1029 4-SPITC 1023:1029 4-SPITC 1023:1029 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 6 4 theme isothiocyanate 983:996 arg1 monohydrate 1010:1020 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate 969:1020 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) 969:1030 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 1 5 theme aqueous 131:137 arg1 procedure 139:147 a facile aqueous procedure 122:147 a facile aqueous procedure to create multivalent displays of sulfonated ligands on CNCs for future applications as viral inhibitors 122:252 We report a facile aqueous procedure to create multivalent displays of sulfonated ligands on CNCs for future applications as viral inhibitors. 25933518 10 6 theme facile 1640:1645 arg1 procedures 1655:1664 these facile aqueous procedures 1634:1664 these facile aqueous procedures as the proof of concept 1634:1688 We anticipate that with these facile aqueous procedures as the proof of concept, a diverse library of target-specific functionalities can be conjugated to CNCs for applications in nanomedicine, especially related to viral inhibition. 25933518 5 7 theme CNC 695:697 arg1 groups 716:721 CNC surface hydroxyl groups 695:721 CNC surface hydroxyl groups 695:721 CNC surface hydroxyl groups were then activated with epichlorohydrin before subsequent reactions. 25933518 10 8 theme viral 1826:1830 arg1 inhibition 1832:1841 viral inhibition 1826:1841 viral inhibition 1826:1841 We anticipate that with these facile aqueous procedures as the proof of concept, a diverse library of target-specific functionalities can be conjugated to CNCs for applications in nanomedicine, especially related to viral inhibition. 25933518 2 9 theme model 280:284 arg1 compounds 286:294 model compounds 280:294 model compounds containing sulfonate groups via reactions of epoxides and isothiocyanates with amines under alkaline conditions 280:406 CNCs were decorated with model compounds containing sulfonate groups via reactions of epoxides and isothiocyanates with amines under alkaline conditions. 25933518 1 10 theme sulfonated 183:192 arg1 ligands 194:200 sulfonated ligands 183:200 sulfonated ligands 183:200 We report a facile aqueous procedure to create multivalent displays of sulfonated ligands on CNCs for future applications as viral inhibitors. 25933518 6 11 theme aqueous 820:826 arg1 pathways 828:835 aqueous pathways 820:835 aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands 820:893 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 6 12 theme model 1047:1051 arg1 monohydrate 1010:1020 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate 969:1020 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) 969:1030 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 6 12 theme model 1047:1051 arg1 hydrate 950:956 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate 896:956 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) 896:963 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 6 12 theme model 1047:1051 arg1 compounds 1053:1061 model compounds 1047:1061 model compounds 1047:1061 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 4 13 theme thermogravimetric 661:677 arg1 analysis 679:686 thermogravimetric analysis 661:686 thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 661:692 Success of desulfation was confirmed via dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential measurements and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 25933518 4 13 theme thermogravimetric 661:677 arg1 TGA 689:691 TGA 689:691 TGA 689:691 Success of desulfation was confirmed via dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential measurements and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 25933518 9 14 theme desired 1533:1539 arg1 elements 1541:1548 desired elements 1533:1548 desired elements 1533:1548 Surface chemical compositions of desired elements were determined via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 25933518 5 15 theme hydroxyl 707:714 arg1 groups 716:721 CNC surface hydroxyl groups 695:721 CNC surface hydroxyl groups 695:721 CNC surface hydroxyl groups were then activated with epichlorohydrin before subsequent reactions. 25933518 1 16 theme facile 124:129 arg1 procedure 139:147 a facile aqueous procedure 122:147 a facile aqueous procedure to create multivalent displays of sulfonated ligands on CNCs for future applications as viral inhibitors 122:252 We report a facile aqueous procedure to create multivalent displays of sulfonated ligands on CNCs for future applications as viral inhibitors. 25933518 9 17 theme photoelectron 1576:1588 arg1 XPS 1604:1606 XPS 1604:1606 XPS 1604:1606 Surface chemical compositions of desired elements were determined via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 25933518 9 17 theme photoelectron 1576:1588 arg1 spectroscopy 1590:1601 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 1570:1601 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 1570:1607 Surface chemical compositions of desired elements were determined via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 25933518 6 18 theme ethylenedioxy 1100:1112 arg1 spacer 1147:1152 homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer 1077:1152 homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer 1077:1152 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 8 19 contain carrying 1416:1423 arg1 CNCs 1411:1414 CNCs 1411:1414 CNCs carrying sulfonated ligands 1411:1442 CNCs carrying sulfonated ligands were characterized by ATR-FTIR and UV-vis spectroscopy. 25933518 8 19 contain carrying 1416:1423 arg2 ligands 1436:1442 sulfonated ligands 1425:1442 sulfonated ligands 1425:1442 CNCs carrying sulfonated ligands were characterized by ATR-FTIR and UV-vis spectroscopy. 25933518 7 20 theme surface 1308:1314 arg1 groups 1325:1330 surface hydroxyl groups 1308:1330 surface hydroxyl groups 1308:1330 The approaches presented are not only applicable to polysaccharide nanocrystals, but also other classes of polymeric and inorganic substrates presenting surface hydroxyl groups, as in the case of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), silica or glass. 25933518 6 21 theme 2,2'- 1094:1098 arg1 spacer 1147:1152 homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer 1077:1152 homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer 1077:1152 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 7 22 theme substrates 1286:1295 arg1 classes 1251:1257 other classes 1245:1257 other classes of polymeric and inorganic substrates presenting surface hydroxyl groups 1245:1330 The approaches presented are not only applicable to polysaccharide nanocrystals, but also other classes of polymeric and inorganic substrates presenting surface hydroxyl groups, as in the case of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), silica or glass. 25933518 7 22 theme substrates 1286:1295 arg1 nanocrystals 1222:1233 polysaccharide nanocrystals 1207:1233 polysaccharide nanocrystals 1207:1233 The approaches presented are not only applicable to polysaccharide nanocrystals, but also other classes of polymeric and inorganic substrates presenting surface hydroxyl groups, as in the case of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), silica or glass. 25933518 5 23 theme subsequent 771:780 arg1 reactions 782:790 subsequent reactions 771:790 subsequent reactions 771:790 CNC surface hydroxyl groups were then activated with epichlorohydrin before subsequent reactions. 25933518 10 24 theme target-specific 1712:1726 arg1 functionalities 1728:1742 target-specific functionalities 1712:1742 target-specific functionalities 1712:1742 We anticipate that with these facile aqueous procedures as the proof of concept, a diverse library of target-specific functionalities can be conjugated to CNCs for applications in nanomedicine, especially related to viral inhibition. 25933518 0 25 theme sulfate 46:52 arg1 Manipulation 0:11 Manipulation 0:11 Manipulation of cellulose nanocrystal surface sulfate 0:52 Manipulation of cellulose nanocrystal surface sulfate groups toward biomimetic nanostructures in aqueous media. 25933518 1 26 dep multivalent 159:169 arg1 displays 171:178 displays 171:178 displays 171:178 We report a facile aqueous procedure to create multivalent displays of sulfonated ligands on CNCs for future applications as viral inhibitors. 25933518 3 27 theme CNCs 445:448 arg1 CNCs 445:448 CNCs 445:448 CNCs 445:448 At first, surface sulfate groups of CNCs were hydrolytically cleaved by alkaline hydrolysis to increase the number of available surface hydroxyls. 25933518 3 27 theme CNCs 445:448 arg1 groups 435:440 surface sulfate groups 419:440 surface sulfate groups of CNCs 419:448 At first, surface sulfate groups of CNCs were hydrolytically cleaved by alkaline hydrolysis to increase the number of available surface hydroxyls. 25933518 7 28 theme other 1245:1249 arg1 classes 1251:1257 other classes 1245:1257 other classes of polymeric and inorganic substrates presenting surface hydroxyl groups 1245:1330 The approaches presented are not only applicable to polysaccharide nanocrystals, but also other classes of polymeric and inorganic substrates presenting surface hydroxyl groups, as in the case of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), silica or glass. 25933518 8 29 theme sulfonated 1425:1434 arg1 ligands 1436:1442 sulfonated ligands 1425:1442 sulfonated ligands 1425:1442 CNCs carrying sulfonated ligands were characterized by ATR-FTIR and UV-vis spectroscopy. 25933518 0 30 theme cellulose 16:24 arg1 sulfate 46:52 cellulose nanocrystal surface sulfate 16:52 cellulose nanocrystal surface sulfate 16:52 Manipulation of cellulose nanocrystal surface sulfate groups toward biomimetic nanostructures in aqueous media. 25933518 2 31 contain containing 296:305 arg1 compounds 286:294 model compounds 280:294 model compounds containing sulfonate groups via reactions of epoxides and isothiocyanates with amines under alkaline conditions 280:406 CNCs were decorated with model compounds containing sulfonate groups via reactions of epoxides and isothiocyanates with amines under alkaline conditions. 25933518 2 31 contain containing 296:305 arg2 groups 317:322 sulfonate groups 307:322 sulfonate groups 307:322 CNCs were decorated with model compounds containing sulfonate groups via reactions of epoxides and isothiocyanates with amines under alkaline conditions. 25933518 6 32 theme ethylamine 1118:1127 arg1 spacer 1147:1152 homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer 1077:1152 homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer 1077:1152 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 4 33 theme dynamic 597:603 arg1 DLS 623:625 DLS 623:625 DLS 623:625 Success of desulfation was confirmed via dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential measurements and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 25933518 4 33 theme dynamic 597:603 arg1 scattering 611:620 dynamic light scattering 597:620 dynamic light scattering (DLS) 597:626 Success of desulfation was confirmed via dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential measurements and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 25933518 0 34 theme surface 38:44 arg1 sulfate 46:52 cellulose nanocrystal surface sulfate 16:52 cellulose nanocrystal surface sulfate 16:52 Manipulation of cellulose nanocrystal surface sulfate groups toward biomimetic nanostructures in aqueous media. 25933518 6 35 theme salt 945:948 arg1 proof 796:800 proof 796:800 proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands 796:893 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 6 35 theme salt 945:948 arg1 CPSA 959:962 CPSA 959:962 CPSA 959:962 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 6 35 theme salt 945:948 arg1 monohydrate 1010:1020 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate 969:1020 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) 969:1030 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 6 35 theme salt 945:948 arg1 hydrate 950:956 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate 896:956 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) 896:963 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 6 35 theme salt 945:948 arg1 compounds 1053:1061 model compounds 1047:1061 model compounds 1047:1061 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 6 36 theme bis 1114:1116 arg1 spacer 1147:1152 homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer 1077:1152 homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer 1077:1152 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 3 37 theme surface 419:425 arg1 CNCs 445:448 CNCs 445:448 CNCs 445:448 At first, surface sulfate groups of CNCs were hydrolytically cleaved by alkaline hydrolysis to increase the number of available surface hydroxyls. 25933518 3 37 theme surface 419:425 arg1 groups 435:440 surface sulfate groups 419:440 surface sulfate groups of CNCs 419:448 At first, surface sulfate groups of CNCs were hydrolytically cleaved by alkaline hydrolysis to increase the number of available surface hydroxyls. 25933518 0 38 theme biomimetic 68:77 arg1 nanostructures 79:92 biomimetic nanostructures 68:92 biomimetic nanostructures in aqueous media 68:109 Manipulation of cellulose nanocrystal surface sulfate groups toward biomimetic nanostructures in aqueous media. 25933518 6 39 theme acid 933:936 arg1 proof 796:800 proof 796:800 proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands 796:893 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 6 39 theme acid 933:936 arg1 CPSA 959:962 CPSA 959:962 CPSA 959:962 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 6 39 theme acid 933:936 arg1 monohydrate 1010:1020 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate 969:1020 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) 969:1030 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 6 39 theme acid 933:936 arg1 hydrate 950:956 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate 896:956 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) 896:963 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 6 39 theme acid 933:936 arg1 compounds 1053:1061 model compounds 1047:1061 model compounds 1047:1061 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 4 40 theme desulfation 567:577 arg1 Success 556:562 Success 556:562 Success of desulfation 556:577 Success of desulfation was confirmed via dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential measurements and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 25933518 10 41 theme related 1815:1821 arg1 applications 1774:1785 applications 1774:1785 applications 1774:1785 We anticipate that with these facile aqueous procedures as the proof of concept, a diverse library of target-specific functionalities can be conjugated to CNCs for applications in nanomedicine, especially related to viral inhibition. 25933518 10 42 theme functionalities 1728:1742 arg1 library 1701:1707 a diverse library 1691:1707 a diverse library of target-specific functionalities 1691:1742 We anticipate that with these facile aqueous procedures as the proof of concept, a diverse library of target-specific functionalities can be conjugated to CNCs for applications in nanomedicine, especially related to viral inhibition. 25933518 3 43 theme hydroxyls 545:553 arg1 number 517:522 the number 513:522 the number of available surface hydroxyls 513:553 At first, surface sulfate groups of CNCs were hydrolytically cleaved by alkaline hydrolysis to increase the number of available surface hydroxyls. 25933518 9 44 theme Surface 1500:1506 arg1 compositions 1517:1528 Surface chemical compositions 1500:1528 Surface chemical compositions of desired elements 1500:1548 Surface chemical compositions of desired elements were determined via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 25933518 4 45 theme potential 634:642 arg1 measurements 644:655 dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential measurements 597:655 measurements 644:655 Success of desulfation was confirmed via dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential measurements and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 25933518 7 46 theme inorganic 1276:1284 arg1 substrates 1286:1295 polymeric and inorganic substrates 1262:1295 polymeric and inorganic substrates presenting surface hydroxyl groups 1262:1330 The approaches presented are not only applicable to polysaccharide nanocrystals, but also other classes of polymeric and inorganic substrates presenting surface hydroxyl groups, as in the case of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), silica or glass. 25933518 3 47 theme available 527:535 arg1 hydroxyls 545:553 available surface hydroxyls 527:553 available surface hydroxyls 527:553 At first, surface sulfate groups of CNCs were hydrolytically cleaved by alkaline hydrolysis to increase the number of available surface hydroxyls. 25933518 6 48 theme sodium 998:1003 arg1 proof 796:800 proof 796:800 proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands 796:893 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 6 48 theme sodium 998:1003 arg1 compounds 1053:1061 model compounds 1047:1061 model compounds 1047:1061 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 6 48 theme sodium 998:1003 arg1 hydrate 950:956 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate 896:956 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) 896:963 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 6 48 theme sodium 998:1003 arg1 4-SPITC 1023:1029 4-SPITC 1023:1029 4-SPITC 1023:1029 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 6 48 theme sodium 998:1003 arg1 monohydrate 1010:1020 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate 969:1020 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) 969:1030 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 2 49 with isothiocyanates 354:368 arg1 amines 375:380 amines 375:380 amines under alkaline conditions 375:406 CNCs were decorated with model compounds containing sulfonate groups via reactions of epoxides and isothiocyanates with amines under alkaline conditions. 25933518 4 50 theme scattering 611:620 arg1 measurements 644:655 dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential measurements 597:655 measurements 644:655 Success of desulfation was confirmed via dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential measurements and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 25933518 10 51 theme aqueous 1647:1653 arg1 procedures 1655:1664 these facile aqueous procedures 1634:1664 these facile aqueous procedures as the proof of concept 1634:1688 We anticipate that with these facile aqueous procedures as the proof of concept, a diverse library of target-specific functionalities can be conjugated to CNCs for applications in nanomedicine, especially related to viral inhibition. 25933518 2 52 theme sulfonate 307:315 arg1 groups 317:322 sulfonate groups 307:322 sulfonate groups 307:322 CNCs were decorated with model compounds containing sulfonate groups via reactions of epoxides and isothiocyanates with amines under alkaline conditions. 25933518 6 53 theme 4-sulfophenyl 969:981 arg1 proof 796:800 proof 796:800 proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands 796:893 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 6 53 theme 4-sulfophenyl 969:981 arg1 compounds 1053:1061 model compounds 1047:1061 model compounds 1047:1061 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 6 53 theme 4-sulfophenyl 969:981 arg1 hydrate 950:956 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate 896:956 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) 896:963 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 6 53 theme 4-sulfophenyl 969:981 arg1 4-SPITC 1023:1029 4-SPITC 1023:1029 4-SPITC 1023:1029 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 6 53 theme 4-sulfophenyl 969:981 arg1 monohydrate 1010:1020 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate 969:1020 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) 969:1030 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 10 54 from applications 1774:1785 arg1 nanomedicine 1790:1801 nanomedicine 1790:1801 nanomedicine 1790:1801 We anticipate that with these facile aqueous procedures as the proof of concept, a diverse library of target-specific functionalities can be conjugated to CNCs for applications in nanomedicine, especially related to viral inhibition. 25933518 6 55 theme functionalizing 841:855 arg1 nanoparticles 857:869 functionalizing nanoparticles 841:869 functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands 841:893 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 9 56 theme chemical 1508:1515 arg1 compositions 1517:1528 Surface chemical compositions 1500:1528 Surface chemical compositions of desired elements 1500:1548 Surface chemical compositions of desired elements were determined via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 25933518 6 57 with nanoparticles 857:869 arg1 ligands 887:893 sulfonated ligands 876:893 sulfonated ligands 876:893 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 1 58 theme ligands 194:200 arg1 multivalent 159:169 multivalent 159:169 multivalent 159:169 We report a facile aqueous procedure to create multivalent displays of sulfonated ligands on CNCs for future applications as viral inhibitors. 25933518 7 59 from case 1343:1346 arg1 applicable 1193:1202 applicable 1193:1202 applicable 1193:1202 The approaches presented are not only applicable to polysaccharide nanocrystals, but also other classes of polymeric and inorganic substrates presenting surface hydroxyl groups, as in the case of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), silica or glass. 25933518 7 59 from case 1343:1346 arg1 approaches 1159:1168 The approaches 1155:1168 The approaches presented 1155:1178 The approaches presented are not only applicable to polysaccharide nanocrystals, but also other classes of polymeric and inorganic substrates presenting surface hydroxyl groups, as in the case of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), silica or glass. 25933518 1 60 theme future 214:219 arg1 applications 221:232 future applications 214:232 future applications as viral inhibitors 214:252 We report a facile aqueous procedure to create multivalent displays of sulfonated ligands on CNCs for future applications as viral inhibitors. 25933518 0 61 from nanostructures 79:92 arg1 media 105:109 aqueous media 97:109 aqueous media 97:109 Manipulation of cellulose nanocrystal surface sulfate groups toward biomimetic nanostructures in aqueous media. 25933518 10 62 theme concept 1682:1688 arg1 proof 1673:1677 the proof 1669:1677 the proof of concept 1669:1688 We anticipate that with these facile aqueous procedures as the proof of concept, a diverse library of target-specific functionalities can be conjugated to CNCs for applications in nanomedicine, especially related to viral inhibition. 25933518 5 63 theme surface 699:705 arg1 groups 716:721 CNC surface hydroxyl groups 695:721 CNC surface hydroxyl groups 695:721 CNC surface hydroxyl groups were then activated with epichlorohydrin before subsequent reactions. 25933518 9 64 theme X-ray 1570:1574 arg1 XPS 1604:1606 XPS 1604:1606 XPS 1604:1606 Surface chemical compositions of desired elements were determined via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 25933518 9 64 theme X-ray 1570:1574 arg1 spectroscopy 1590:1601 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 1570:1601 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 1570:1607 Surface chemical compositions of desired elements were determined via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 25933518 7 65 theme glass 1404:1408 arg1 case 1343:1346 the case 1339:1346 the case of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), silica or glass 1339:1408 The approaches presented are not only applicable to polysaccharide nanocrystals, but also other classes of polymeric and inorganic substrates presenting surface hydroxyl groups, as in the case of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), silica or glass. 25933518 7 66 from applicable 1193:1202 arg1 case 1343:1346 the case 1339:1346 the case of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), silica or glass 1339:1408 The approaches presented are not only applicable to polysaccharide nanocrystals, but also other classes of polymeric and inorganic substrates presenting surface hydroxyl groups, as in the case of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), silica or glass. 25933518 7 67 theme silica 1394:1399 arg1 case 1343:1346 the case 1339:1346 the case of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), silica or glass 1339:1408 The approaches presented are not only applicable to polysaccharide nanocrystals, but also other classes of polymeric and inorganic substrates presenting surface hydroxyl groups, as in the case of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), silica or glass. 25933518 0 68 theme aqueous 97:103 arg1 media 105:109 aqueous media 97:109 aqueous media 97:109 Manipulation of cellulose nanocrystal surface sulfate groups toward biomimetic nanostructures in aqueous media. 25933518 6 69 theme homobifunctional 1077:1092 arg1 spacer 1147:1152 homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer 1077:1152 homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer 1077:1152 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 7 70 theme polymeric 1262:1270 arg1 substrates 1286:1295 polymeric and inorganic substrates 1262:1295 polymeric and inorganic substrates presenting surface hydroxyl groups 1262:1330 The approaches presented are not only applicable to polysaccharide nanocrystals, but also other classes of polymeric and inorganic substrates presenting surface hydroxyl groups, as in the case of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), silica or glass. 25933518 6 71 theme molecular 1137:1145 arg1 spacer 1147:1152 homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer 1077:1152 homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer 1077:1152 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 6 72 theme EBEA 1131:1134 arg1 spacer 1147:1152 homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer 1077:1152 homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer 1077:1152 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 10 73 theme diverse 1693:1699 arg1 library 1701:1707 a diverse library 1691:1707 a diverse library of target-specific functionalities 1691:1742 We anticipate that with these facile aqueous procedures as the proof of concept, a diverse library of target-specific functionalities can be conjugated to CNCs for applications in nanomedicine, especially related to viral inhibition. 25933518 0 74 theme nanocrystal 26:36 arg1 sulfate 46:52 cellulose nanocrystal surface sulfate 16:52 cellulose nanocrystal surface sulfate 16:52 Manipulation of cellulose nanocrystal surface sulfate groups toward biomimetic nanostructures in aqueous media. 25933518 7 75 theme 2-hydroxyethyl 1356:1369 arg1 poly 1351:1354 poly 1351:1354 poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) 1351:1391 The approaches presented are not only applicable to polysaccharide nanocrystals, but also other classes of polymeric and inorganic substrates presenting surface hydroxyl groups, as in the case of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), silica or glass. 25933518 7 75 theme 2-hydroxyethyl 1356:1369 arg1 methacrylate 1371:1382 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate 1356:1382 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate 1356:1382 The approaches presented are not only applicable to polysaccharide nanocrystals, but also other classes of polymeric and inorganic substrates presenting surface hydroxyl groups, as in the case of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), silica or glass. 25933518 4 76 theme light 605:609 arg1 DLS 623:625 DLS 623:625 DLS 623:625 Success of desulfation was confirmed via dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential measurements and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 25933518 4 76 theme light 605:609 arg1 scattering 611:620 dynamic light scattering 597:620 dynamic light scattering (DLS) 597:626 Success of desulfation was confirmed via dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential measurements and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 25933518 7 77 theme polysaccharide 1207:1220 arg1 nanocrystals 1222:1233 polysaccharide nanocrystals 1207:1233 polysaccharide nanocrystals 1207:1233 The approaches presented are not only applicable to polysaccharide nanocrystals, but also other classes of polymeric and inorganic substrates presenting surface hydroxyl groups, as in the case of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), silica or glass. 25933518 2 78 with epoxides 341:348 arg1 amines 375:380 amines 375:380 amines under alkaline conditions 375:406 CNCs were decorated with model compounds containing sulfonate groups via reactions of epoxides and isothiocyanates with amines under alkaline conditions. 25933518 7 79 theme poly 1351:1354 arg1 case 1343:1346 the case 1339:1346 the case of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), silica or glass 1339:1408 The approaches presented are not only applicable to polysaccharide nanocrystals, but also other classes of polymeric and inorganic substrates presenting surface hydroxyl groups, as in the case of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), silica or glass. 25933518 6 80 theme concept 805:811 arg1 proof 796:800 proof 796:800 proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands 796:893 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 6 80 theme concept 805:811 arg1 hydrate 950:956 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate 896:956 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) 896:963 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 6 80 theme concept 805:811 arg1 monohydrate 1010:1020 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate 969:1020 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) 969:1030 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 3 81 theme alkaline 481:488 arg1 hydrolysis 490:499 alkaline hydrolysis 481:499 alkaline hydrolysis 481:499 At first, surface sulfate groups of CNCs were hydrolytically cleaved by alkaline hydrolysis to increase the number of available surface hydroxyls. 25933518 6 82 theme sodium 938:943 arg1 proof 796:800 proof 796:800 proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands 796:893 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 6 82 theme sodium 938:943 arg1 CPSA 959:962 CPSA 959:962 CPSA 959:962 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 6 82 theme sodium 938:943 arg1 monohydrate 1010:1020 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate 969:1020 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) 969:1030 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 6 82 theme sodium 938:943 arg1 hydrate 950:956 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate 896:956 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) 896:963 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 6 82 theme sodium 938:943 arg1 compounds 1053:1061 model compounds 1047:1061 model compounds 1047:1061 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 9 83 theme elements 1541:1548 arg1 compositions 1517:1528 Surface chemical compositions 1500:1528 Surface chemical compositions of desired elements 1500:1548 Surface chemical compositions of desired elements were determined via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 25933518 3 84 theme sulfate 427:433 arg1 CNCs 445:448 CNCs 445:448 CNCs 445:448 At first, surface sulfate groups of CNCs were hydrolytically cleaved by alkaline hydrolysis to increase the number of available surface hydroxyls. 25933518 3 84 theme sulfate 427:433 arg1 groups 435:440 surface sulfate groups 419:440 surface sulfate groups of CNCs 419:448 At first, surface sulfate groups of CNCs were hydrolytically cleaved by alkaline hydrolysis to increase the number of available surface hydroxyls. 25933518 2 85 theme isothiocyanates 354:368 arg1 reactions 328:336 reactions 328:336 reactions of epoxides and isothiocyanates with amines under alkaline conditions 328:406 CNCs were decorated with model compounds containing sulfonate groups via reactions of epoxides and isothiocyanates with amines under alkaline conditions. 25933518 6 86 theme 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic 896:931 arg1 proof 796:800 proof 796:800 proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands 796:893 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 6 86 theme 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic 896:931 arg1 CPSA 959:962 CPSA 959:962 CPSA 959:962 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 6 86 theme 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic 896:931 arg1 monohydrate 1010:1020 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate 969:1020 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) 969:1030 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 6 86 theme 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic 896:931 arg1 hydrate 950:956 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate 896:956 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) 896:963 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 6 86 theme 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic 896:931 arg1 compounds 1053:1061 model compounds 1047:1061 model compounds 1047:1061 As proof of concept toward aqueous pathways for functionalizing nanoparticles with sulfonated ligands, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (CPSA) and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate sodium salt monohydrate (4-SPITC) were chosen as model compounds to react with homobifunctional 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EBEA) molecular spacer. 25933518 4 87 theme zeta 629:632 arg1 measurements 644:655 dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential measurements 597:655 measurements 644:655 Success of desulfation was confirmed via dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential measurements and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 25933518 8 88 theme ATR-FTIR 1466:1473 arg1 spectroscopy 1486:1497 ATR-FTIR and UV-vis spectroscopy 1466:1497 ATR-FTIR and UV-vis spectroscopy 1466:1497 CNCs carrying sulfonated ligands were characterized by ATR-FTIR and UV-vis spectroscopy. 25933518 2 89 theme epoxides 341:348 arg1 reactions 328:336 reactions 328:336 reactions of epoxides and isothiocyanates with amines under alkaline conditions 328:406 CNCs were decorated with model compounds containing sulfonate groups via reactions of epoxides and isothiocyanates with amines under alkaline conditions. 25933518 1 90 theme viral 237:241 arg1 inhibitors 243:252 viral inhibitors 237:252 viral inhibitors 237:252 We report a facile aqueous procedure to create multivalent displays of sulfonated ligands on CNCs for future applications as viral inhibitors. 25933518 8 91 theme UV-vis 1479:1484 arg1 spectroscopy 1486:1497 ATR-FTIR and UV-vis spectroscopy 1466:1497 ATR-FTIR and UV-vis spectroscopy 1466:1497 CNCs carrying sulfonated ligands were characterized by ATR-FTIR and UV-vis spectroscopy. 25933518 2 92 theme alkaline 388:395 arg1 conditions 397:406 alkaline conditions 388:406 alkaline conditions 388:406 CNCs were decorated with model compounds containing sulfonate groups via reactions of epoxides and isothiocyanates with amines under alkaline conditions. 29127847 0 0 theme NMR 72:74 arg1 spectroscopy 76:87 real-time NMR spectroscopy 62:87 real-time NMR spectroscopy 62:87 Effect of sucralose on the enzyme kinetics of invertase using real-time NMR spectroscopy and progress curve analysis. 29127847 4 1 theme curve 651:655 arg1 analysis 657:664 The real-time NMR progress curve analysis 624:664 The real-time NMR progress curve analysis 624:664 The real-time NMR progress curve analysis suggests that sucralose has the characteristic of a competitive inhibitor on the kinetics of the enzymatic process. 29127847 5 2 theme mutarotation 861:872 arg1 process 874:880 the mutarotation process 857:880 the mutarotation process of α-D-glucose to β-D-glucose conversion 857:921 This affects the rate of glucose production, and thus indirectly affecting the mutarotation process of α-D-glucose to β-D-glucose conversion. 29127847 0 3 theme real-time 62:70 arg1 spectroscopy 76:87 real-time NMR spectroscopy 62:87 real-time NMR spectroscopy 62:87 Effect of sucralose on the enzyme kinetics of invertase using real-time NMR spectroscopy and progress curve analysis. 29127847 1 4 theme sucrose 145:151 arg1 Sucralose 118:126 Sucralose 118:126 Sucralose 118:126 Sucralose, a derivative of sucrose, is widely used in noncaloric artificial sweeteners (NAS). 29127847 1 4 theme sucrose 145:151 arg1 derivative 131:140 a derivative 129:140 a derivative of sucrose 129:151 Sucralose, a derivative of sucrose, is widely used in noncaloric artificial sweeteners (NAS). 29127847 0 5 from Effect 0:5 arg1 kinetics 34:41 the enzyme kinetics 23:41 the enzyme kinetics of invertase 23:54 Effect of sucralose on the enzyme kinetics of invertase using real-time NMR spectroscopy and progress curve analysis. 29127847 7 6 theme glucose 1152:1158 arg1 production 1160:1169 glucose production 1152:1169 glucose production 1152:1169 Altogether, as sucralose alters the rate of glucose production, sucralose cannot be considered inert to the metabolism as several downstream events in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems strongly depend on the rate of glucose metabolism. 29127847 4 7 contain has 690:692 arg1 sucralose 680:688 sucralose 680:688 sucralose 680:688 The real-time NMR progress curve analysis suggests that sucralose has the characteristic of a competitive inhibitor on the kinetics of the enzymatic process. 29127847 4 7 contain has 690:692 arg2 characteristic 698:711 the characteristic 694:711 the characteristic of a competitive inhibitor 694:738 The real-time NMR progress curve analysis suggests that sucralose has the characteristic of a competitive inhibitor on the kinetics of the enzymatic process. 29127847 4 8 theme inhibitor 730:738 arg1 characteristic 698:711 the characteristic 694:711 the characteristic of a competitive inhibitor 694:738 The real-time NMR progress curve analysis suggests that sucralose has the characteristic of a competitive inhibitor on the kinetics of the enzymatic process. 29127847 5 9 theme β-D-glucose 900:910 arg1 conversion 912:921 β-D-glucose conversion 900:921 β-D-glucose conversion 900:921 This affects the rate of glucose production, and thus indirectly affecting the mutarotation process of α-D-glucose to β-D-glucose conversion. 29127847 0 10 theme curve 102:106 arg1 analysis 108:115 progress curve analysis 93:115 progress curve analysis 93:115 Effect of sucralose on the enzyme kinetics of invertase using real-time NMR spectroscopy and progress curve analysis. 29127847 3 11 theme magnetic 488:495 arg1 NMR 508:510 NMR 508:510 NMR 508:510 In this manuscript, we use real-time nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to demonstrate that sucralose alters the enzymatic conversion of sucrose to glucose and fructose. 29127847 3 11 theme magnetic 488:495 arg1 resonance 497:505 nuclear magnetic resonance 480:505 real-time nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 470:524 In this manuscript, we use real-time nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to demonstrate that sucralose alters the enzymatic conversion of sucrose to glucose and fructose. 29127847 7 12 theme downstream 1238:1247 arg1 events 1249:1254 several downstream events 1230:1254 several downstream events in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems 1230:1297 Altogether, as sucralose alters the rate of glucose production, sucralose cannot be considered inert to the metabolism as several downstream events in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems strongly depend on the rate of glucose metabolism. 29127847 0 13 theme progress 93:100 arg1 analysis 108:115 progress curve analysis 93:115 progress curve analysis 93:115 Effect of sucralose on the enzyme kinetics of invertase using real-time NMR spectroscopy and progress curve analysis. 29127847 3 14 theme resonance 497:505 arg1 spectroscopy 513:524 real-time nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 470:524 real-time nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 470:524 In this manuscript, we use real-time nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to demonstrate that sucralose alters the enzymatic conversion of sucrose to glucose and fructose. 29127847 7 15 theme eukaryotic 1280:1289 arg1 systems 1291:1297 both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems 1259:1297 both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems 1259:1297 Altogether, as sucralose alters the rate of glucose production, sucralose cannot be considered inert to the metabolism as several downstream events in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems strongly depend on the rate of glucose metabolism. 29127847 6 16 theme 1:2 M 929:933 arg1 ratio 935:939 a 1:2 M ratio 927:939 a 1:2 M ratio of sucrose to sucralose 927:963 At a 1:2 M ratio of sucrose to sucralose, the results show that the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme is reduced by more than 50% in comparison to the measurements without sucralose. 29127847 7 17 theme production 1160:1169 arg1 rate 1144:1147 the rate 1140:1147 the rate of glucose production 1140:1169 Altogether, as sucralose alters the rate of glucose production, sucralose cannot be considered inert to the metabolism as several downstream events in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems strongly depend on the rate of glucose metabolism. 29127847 4 18 theme NMR 638:640 arg1 analysis 657:664 The real-time NMR progress curve analysis 624:664 The real-time NMR progress curve analysis 624:664 The real-time NMR progress curve analysis suggests that sucralose has the characteristic of a competitive inhibitor on the kinetics of the enzymatic process. 29127847 6 19 theme sucrose 944:950 arg1 ratio 935:939 a 1:2 M ratio 927:939 a 1:2 M ratio of sucrose to sucralose 927:963 At a 1:2 M ratio of sucrose to sucralose, the results show that the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme is reduced by more than 50% in comparison to the measurements without sucralose. 29127847 7 20 theme several 1230:1236 arg1 events 1249:1254 several downstream events 1230:1254 several downstream events in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems 1230:1297 Altogether, as sucralose alters the rate of glucose production, sucralose cannot be considered inert to the metabolism as several downstream events in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems strongly depend on the rate of glucose metabolism. 29127847 4 21 theme real-time 628:636 arg1 analysis 657:664 The real-time NMR progress curve analysis 624:664 The real-time NMR progress curve analysis 624:664 The real-time NMR progress curve analysis suggests that sucralose has the characteristic of a competitive inhibitor on the kinetics of the enzymatic process. 29127847 5 22 theme glucose 807:813 arg1 production 815:824 glucose production 807:824 glucose production 807:824 This affects the rate of glucose production, and thus indirectly affecting the mutarotation process of α-D-glucose to β-D-glucose conversion. 29127847 4 23 theme process 773:779 arg1 kinetics 747:754 the kinetics 743:754 the kinetics of the enzymatic process 743:779 The real-time NMR progress curve analysis suggests that sucralose has the characteristic of a competitive inhibitor on the kinetics of the enzymatic process. 29127847 4 24 theme competitive 718:728 arg1 inhibitor 730:738 a competitive inhibitor 716:738 a competitive inhibitor 716:738 The real-time NMR progress curve analysis suggests that sucralose has the characteristic of a competitive inhibitor on the kinetics of the enzymatic process. 29127847 0 25 theme sucralose 10:18 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of sucralose on the enzyme kinetics of invertase 0:54 Effect of sucralose on the enzyme kinetics of invertase using real-time NMR spectroscopy and progress curve analysis. 29127847 1 26 theme noncaloric 172:181 arg1 NAS 206:208 NAS 206:208 NAS 206:208 Sucralose, a derivative of sucrose, is widely used in noncaloric artificial sweeteners (NAS). 29127847 1 26 theme noncaloric 172:181 arg1 sweeteners 194:203 noncaloric artificial sweeteners 172:203 noncaloric artificial sweeteners (NAS) 172:209 Sucralose, a derivative of sucrose, is widely used in noncaloric artificial sweeteners (NAS). 29127847 0 27 theme enzyme 27:32 arg1 kinetics 34:41 the enzyme kinetics 23:41 the enzyme kinetics of invertase 23:54 Effect of sucralose on the enzyme kinetics of invertase using real-time NMR spectroscopy and progress curve analysis. 29127847 5 28 theme α-D-glucose 885:895 arg1 process 874:880 the mutarotation process 857:880 the mutarotation process of α-D-glucose to β-D-glucose conversion 857:921 This affects the rate of glucose production, and thus indirectly affecting the mutarotation process of α-D-glucose to β-D-glucose conversion. 29127847 1 29 theme artificial 183:192 arg1 NAS 206:208 NAS 206:208 NAS 206:208 Sucralose, a derivative of sucrose, is widely used in noncaloric artificial sweeteners (NAS). 29127847 1 29 theme artificial 183:192 arg1 sweeteners 194:203 noncaloric artificial sweeteners 172:203 noncaloric artificial sweeteners (NAS) 172:209 Sucralose, a derivative of sucrose, is widely used in noncaloric artificial sweeteners (NAS). 29127847 6 30 theme enzyme 1020:1025 arg1 efficiency 1002:1011 the catalytic efficiency 988:1011 the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme 988:1025 At a 1:2 M ratio of sucrose to sucralose, the results show that the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme is reduced by more than 50% in comparison to the measurements without sucralose. 29127847 2 31 theme host 381:384 arg1 metabolism 386:395 the host metabolism 377:395 the host metabolism as well as the composition of the microbiome 377:440 Contrary to the belief that sucralose is physiologically inert and a healthy alternative sweetener to natural sugar, emerging studies indicate that sucralose alters the host metabolism as well as the composition of the microbiome. 29127847 2 32 theme microbiome 431:440 arg1 composition 412:422 the composition 408:422 the host metabolism as well as the composition of the microbiome 377:440 Contrary to the belief that sucralose is physiologically inert and a healthy alternative sweetener to natural sugar, emerging studies indicate that sucralose alters the host metabolism as well as the composition of the microbiome. 29127847 2 32 theme microbiome 431:440 arg1 metabolism 386:395 the host metabolism 377:395 the host metabolism as well as the composition of the microbiome 377:440 Contrary to the belief that sucralose is physiologically inert and a healthy alternative sweetener to natural sugar, emerging studies indicate that sucralose alters the host metabolism as well as the composition of the microbiome. 29127847 7 33 theme glucose 1330:1336 arg1 metabolism 1338:1347 glucose metabolism 1330:1347 glucose metabolism 1330:1347 Altogether, as sucralose alters the rate of glucose production, sucralose cannot be considered inert to the metabolism as several downstream events in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems strongly depend on the rate of glucose metabolism. 29127847 5 34 theme production 815:824 arg1 rate 799:802 the rate 795:802 the rate of glucose production 795:824 This affects the rate of glucose production, and thus indirectly affecting the mutarotation process of α-D-glucose to β-D-glucose conversion. 29127847 2 35 theme natural 314:320 arg1 sugar 322:326 natural sugar 314:326 natural sugar 314:326 Contrary to the belief that sucralose is physiologically inert and a healthy alternative sweetener to natural sugar, emerging studies indicate that sucralose alters the host metabolism as well as the composition of the microbiome. 29127847 7 36 theme prokaryotic 1264:1274 arg1 systems 1291:1297 both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems 1259:1297 both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems 1259:1297 Altogether, as sucralose alters the rate of glucose production, sucralose cannot be considered inert to the metabolism as several downstream events in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems strongly depend on the rate of glucose metabolism. 29127847 7 37 from events 1249:1254 arg1 systems 1291:1297 both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems 1259:1297 both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems 1259:1297 Altogether, as sucralose alters the rate of glucose production, sucralose cannot be considered inert to the metabolism as several downstream events in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems strongly depend on the rate of glucose metabolism. 29127847 2 38 dep inert 269:273 arg1 sweetener 301:309 sweetener 301:309 sweetener 301:309 Contrary to the belief that sucralose is physiologically inert and a healthy alternative sweetener to natural sugar, emerging studies indicate that sucralose alters the host metabolism as well as the composition of the microbiome. 29127847 1 39 used used 164:167 arg2 derivative 131:140 a derivative 129:140 a derivative of sucrose 129:151 Sucralose, a derivative of sucrose, is widely used in noncaloric artificial sweeteners (NAS). 29127847 1 39 used used 164:167 arg2 Sucralose 118:126 Sucralose 118:126 Sucralose 118:126 Sucralose, a derivative of sucrose, is widely used in noncaloric artificial sweeteners (NAS). 29127847 4 40 theme progress 642:649 arg1 analysis 657:664 The real-time NMR progress curve analysis 624:664 The real-time NMR progress curve analysis 624:664 The real-time NMR progress curve analysis suggests that sucralose has the characteristic of a competitive inhibitor on the kinetics of the enzymatic process. 29127847 7 41 theme metabolism 1338:1347 arg1 rate 1322:1325 the rate 1318:1325 the rate of glucose metabolism 1318:1347 Altogether, as sucralose alters the rate of glucose production, sucralose cannot be considered inert to the metabolism as several downstream events in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems strongly depend on the rate of glucose metabolism. 29127847 3 42 theme sucrose 591:597 arg1 conversion 577:586 the enzymatic conversion 563:586 the enzymatic conversion of sucrose to glucose and fructose 563:621 In this manuscript, we use real-time nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to demonstrate that sucralose alters the enzymatic conversion of sucrose to glucose and fructose. 29127847 2 43 theme emerging 329:336 arg1 studies 338:344 emerging studies 329:344 emerging studies 329:344 Contrary to the belief that sucralose is physiologically inert and a healthy alternative sweetener to natural sugar, emerging studies indicate that sucralose alters the host metabolism as well as the composition of the microbiome. 29127847 6 44 theme catalytic 992:1000 arg1 efficiency 1002:1011 the catalytic efficiency 988:1011 the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme 988:1025 At a 1:2 M ratio of sucrose to sucralose, the results show that the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme is reduced by more than 50% in comparison to the measurements without sucralose. 29127847 3 45 theme enzymatic 567:575 arg1 conversion 577:586 the enzymatic conversion 563:586 the enzymatic conversion of sucrose to glucose and fructose 563:621 In this manuscript, we use real-time nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to demonstrate that sucralose alters the enzymatic conversion of sucrose to glucose and fructose. 29127847 3 46 theme real-time 470:478 arg1 spectroscopy 513:524 real-time nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 470:524 real-time nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 470:524 In this manuscript, we use real-time nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to demonstrate that sucralose alters the enzymatic conversion of sucrose to glucose and fructose. 29127847 0 47 theme invertase 46:54 arg1 kinetics 34:41 the enzyme kinetics 23:41 the enzyme kinetics of invertase 23:54 Effect of sucralose on the enzyme kinetics of invertase using real-time NMR spectroscopy and progress curve analysis. 29127847 4 48 theme enzymatic 763:771 arg1 process 773:779 the enzymatic process 759:779 the enzymatic process 759:779 The real-time NMR progress curve analysis suggests that sucralose has the characteristic of a competitive inhibitor on the kinetics of the enzymatic process. 29127847 3 49 theme nuclear 480:486 arg1 NMR 508:510 NMR 508:510 NMR 508:510 In this manuscript, we use real-time nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to demonstrate that sucralose alters the enzymatic conversion of sucrose to glucose and fructose. 29127847 3 49 theme nuclear 480:486 arg1 resonance 497:505 nuclear magnetic resonance 480:505 real-time nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 470:524 In this manuscript, we use real-time nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to demonstrate that sucralose alters the enzymatic conversion of sucrose to glucose and fructose. 25301699 1 0 theme solvent-free 338:349 arg1 system 369:374 a solvent-free and catalyst-free system 336:374 a solvent-free and catalyst-free system 336:374 A mechanochemical approach to improve the dispersion and the degree of crosslinking between cellulose fiber and polymer matrix is presented herein to create high performance poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/cellulose biocomposites in a solvent-free and catalyst-free system. 25301699 1 1 from biocomposites 319:331 arg1 system 369:374 a solvent-free and catalyst-free system 336:374 a solvent-free and catalyst-free system 336:374 A mechanochemical approach to improve the dispersion and the degree of crosslinking between cellulose fiber and polymer matrix is presented herein to create high performance poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/cellulose biocomposites in a solvent-free and catalyst-free system. 25301699 4 2 theme reaction 704:711 arg1 kinetics 713:720 The reaction kinetics 700:720 The reaction kinetics 700:720 The reaction kinetics was discussed according to the conversion rate of SA during the pan-milling process. 25301699 1 3 theme performance 271:281 arg1 poly 283:286 high performance poly 266:286 high performance poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/cellulose biocomposites in a solvent-free and catalyst-free system 266:374 A mechanochemical approach to improve the dispersion and the degree of crosslinking between cellulose fiber and polymer matrix is presented herein to create high performance poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/cellulose biocomposites in a solvent-free and catalyst-free system. 25301699 1 3 theme performance 271:281 arg1 alcohol 294:300 vinyl alcohol 288:300 vinyl alcohol 288:300 A mechanochemical approach to improve the dispersion and the degree of crosslinking between cellulose fiber and polymer matrix is presented herein to create high performance poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/cellulose biocomposites in a solvent-free and catalyst-free system. 25301699 1 3 theme performance 271:281 arg1 PVA 304:306 PVA 304:306 PVA 304:306 A mechanochemical approach to improve the dispersion and the degree of crosslinking between cellulose fiber and polymer matrix is presented herein to create high performance poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/cellulose biocomposites in a solvent-free and catalyst-free system. 25301699 0 4 from dispersion 10:19 arg1 fiber 55:59 PVA/cellulose fiber 41:59 PVA/cellulose fiber 41:59 Effective dispersion and crosslinking in PVA/cellulose fiber biocomposites via solid-state mechanochemistry. 25301699 5 5 link crosslinked 857:867 arg1 PVA/cellulose 869:881 the crosslinked PVA/cellulose 853:881 the crosslinked PVA/cellulose 853:881 Soxhlet extraction with hot water showed that the crosslinked PVA/cellulose retained more PVA in the composites due to the homogeneous and heterogeneous crosslinking. 25301699 1 6 theme crosslinking 180:191 arg1 dispersion 151:160 dispersion 151:160 dispersion 151:160 A mechanochemical approach to improve the dispersion and the degree of crosslinking between cellulose fiber and polymer matrix is presented herein to create high performance poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/cellulose biocomposites in a solvent-free and catalyst-free system. 25301699 1 6 theme crosslinking 180:191 arg1 degree 170:175 the degree 166:175 the degree of crosslinking 166:191 A mechanochemical approach to improve the dispersion and the degree of crosslinking between cellulose fiber and polymer matrix is presented herein to create high performance poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/cellulose biocomposites in a solvent-free and catalyst-free system. 25301699 1 7 theme poly 283:286 arg1 biocomposites 319:331 high performance poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/cellulose biocomposites 266:331 high performance poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/cellulose biocomposites in a solvent-free and catalyst-free system 266:374 A mechanochemical approach to improve the dispersion and the degree of crosslinking between cellulose fiber and polymer matrix is presented herein to create high performance poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/cellulose biocomposites in a solvent-free and catalyst-free system. 25301699 1 8 theme catalyst-free 355:367 arg1 system 369:374 a solvent-free and catalyst-free system 336:374 a solvent-free and catalyst-free system 336:374 A mechanochemical approach to improve the dispersion and the degree of crosslinking between cellulose fiber and polymer matrix is presented herein to create high performance poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/cellulose biocomposites in a solvent-free and catalyst-free system. 25301699 1 9 dep dispersion 151:160 arg1 the 147:149 the 147:149 the 147:149 A mechanochemical approach to improve the dispersion and the degree of crosslinking between cellulose fiber and polymer matrix is presented herein to create high performance poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/cellulose biocomposites in a solvent-free and catalyst-free system. 25301699 3 10 dep transform 667:675 arg1 infrared 677:684 infrared 677:684 transform infrared spectroscopy 667:697 This stress-induced chemical reaction was verified by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 25301699 8 11 dep 361.7 1331:1335 arg1 to 1328:1329 to 1328:1329 to 1328:1329 The tensile strength increased from 8.8 MPa (without mechanochemical treatment) to 18.2 MPa, and elongation at break increased from 76.8 to 361.7% after the treatment. 25301699 1 12 theme vinyl 288:292 arg1 poly 283:286 high performance poly 266:286 high performance poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/cellulose biocomposites in a solvent-free and catalyst-free system 266:374 A mechanochemical approach to improve the dispersion and the degree of crosslinking between cellulose fiber and polymer matrix is presented herein to create high performance poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/cellulose biocomposites in a solvent-free and catalyst-free system. 25301699 1 12 theme vinyl 288:292 arg1 alcohol 294:300 vinyl alcohol 288:300 vinyl alcohol 288:300 A mechanochemical approach to improve the dispersion and the degree of crosslinking between cellulose fiber and polymer matrix is presented herein to create high performance poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/cellulose biocomposites in a solvent-free and catalyst-free system. 25301699 8 13 theme mechanochemical 1244:1258 arg1 treatment 1260:1268 mechanochemical treatment 1244:1268 mechanochemical treatment 1244:1268 The tensile strength increased from 8.8 MPa (without mechanochemical treatment) to 18.2 MPa, and elongation at break increased from 76.8 to 361.7% after the treatment. 25301699 9 14 theme thermal 1365:1371 arg1 stability 1373:1381 Their thermal stability 1359:1381 Their thermal stability 1359:1381 Their thermal stability was also significantly improved. 25301699 7 15 theme enhanced 1159:1166 arg1 properties 1179:1188 enhanced mechanical properties 1159:1188 enhanced mechanical properties 1159:1188 The resulting composites exhibited remarkably enhanced mechanical properties. 25301699 4 16 theme pan-milling 786:796 arg1 process 798:804 the pan-milling process 782:804 the pan-milling process 782:804 The reaction kinetics was discussed according to the conversion rate of SA during the pan-milling process. 25301699 5 17 theme due 919:921 arg1 composites 908:917 the composites 904:917 the composites due to the homogeneous and heterogeneous crosslinking 904:971 Soxhlet extraction with hot water showed that the crosslinked PVA/cellulose retained more PVA in the composites due to the homogeneous and heterogeneous crosslinking. 25301699 6 18 theme interfacial 1039:1049 arg1 interactions 1051:1062 interfacial interactions 1039:1062 interfacial interactions between PVA and cellulose 1039:1088 Scanning electron microscope images indicated the dispersion and interfacial interactions between PVA and cellulose were largely improved. 25301699 1 19 theme cellulose 201:209 arg1 fiber 211:215 cellulose fiber and polymer matrix 201:234 fiber 211:215 A mechanochemical approach to improve the dispersion and the degree of crosslinking between cellulose fiber and polymer matrix is presented herein to create high performance poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/cellulose biocomposites in a solvent-free and catalyst-free system. 25301699 0 20 theme solid-state 79:89 arg1 mechanochemistry 91:106 solid-state mechanochemistry 79:106 solid-state mechanochemistry 79:106 Effective dispersion and crosslinking in PVA/cellulose fiber biocomposites via solid-state mechanochemistry. 25301699 5 21 theme heterogeneous 946:958 arg1 crosslinking 960:971 the homogeneous and heterogeneous crosslinking 926:971 the homogeneous and heterogeneous crosslinking 926:971 Soxhlet extraction with hot water showed that the crosslinked PVA/cellulose retained more PVA in the composites due to the homogeneous and heterogeneous crosslinking. 25301699 5 22 theme more 892:895 arg1 PVA 897:899 more PVA 892:899 more PVA 892:899 Soxhlet extraction with hot water showed that the crosslinked PVA/cellulose retained more PVA in the composites due to the homogeneous and heterogeneous crosslinking. 25301699 0 23 theme Effective 0:8 arg1 dispersion 10:19 Effective dispersion 0:19 Effective dispersion 0:19 Effective dispersion and crosslinking in PVA/cellulose fiber biocomposites via solid-state mechanochemistry. 25301699 1 24 theme mechanochemical 111:125 arg1 approach 127:134 A mechanochemical approach 109:134 A mechanochemical approach to improve the dispersion and the degree of crosslinking between cellulose fiber and polymer matrix 109:234 A mechanochemical approach to improve the dispersion and the degree of crosslinking between cellulose fiber and polymer matrix is presented herein to create high performance poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/cellulose biocomposites in a solvent-free and catalyst-free system. 25301699 4 25 theme SA 772:773 arg1 rate 764:767 the conversion rate 749:767 the conversion rate of SA during the pan-milling process 749:804 The reaction kinetics was discussed according to the conversion rate of SA during the pan-milling process. 25301699 2 26 theme pan-milling 386:396 arg1 process 398:404 a pan-milling process 384:404 a pan-milling process 384:404 During a pan-milling process, the hydrogen bonds in both cellulose and PVA were effectively broken up, and the released hydroxyl groups could react with succinic anhydride (SA) to form covalent bonds between the two components. 25301699 5 27 theme hot 831:833 arg1 water 835:839 hot water 831:839 hot water 831:839 Soxhlet extraction with hot water showed that the crosslinked PVA/cellulose retained more PVA in the composites due to the homogeneous and heterogeneous crosslinking. 25301699 7 28 theme resulting 1117:1125 arg1 composites 1127:1136 The resulting composites 1113:1136 The resulting composites 1113:1136 The resulting composites exhibited remarkably enhanced mechanical properties. 25301699 5 29 with extraction 815:824 arg1 water 835:839 hot water 831:839 hot water 831:839 Soxhlet extraction with hot water showed that the crosslinked PVA/cellulose retained more PVA in the composites due to the homogeneous and heterogeneous crosslinking. 25301699 1 30 theme polymer 221:227 arg1 matrix 229:234 cellulose fiber and polymer matrix 201:234 matrix 229:234 A mechanochemical approach to improve the dispersion and the degree of crosslinking between cellulose fiber and polymer matrix is presented herein to create high performance poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/cellulose biocomposites in a solvent-free and catalyst-free system. 25301699 6 31 theme microscope 992:1001 arg1 images 1003:1008 Scanning electron microscope images 974:1008 Scanning electron microscope images 974:1008 Scanning electron microscope images indicated the dispersion and interfacial interactions between PVA and cellulose were largely improved. 25301699 4 32 theme conversion 753:762 arg1 rate 764:767 the conversion rate 749:767 the conversion rate of SA during the pan-milling process 749:804 The reaction kinetics was discussed according to the conversion rate of SA during the pan-milling process. 25301699 0 33 theme PVA/cellulose 41:53 arg1 fiber 55:59 PVA/cellulose fiber 41:59 PVA/cellulose fiber 41:59 Effective dispersion and crosslinking in PVA/cellulose fiber biocomposites via solid-state mechanochemistry. 25301699 6 34 theme electron 983:990 arg1 images 1003:1008 Scanning electron microscope images 974:1008 Scanning electron microscope images 974:1008 Scanning electron microscope images indicated the dispersion and interfacial interactions between PVA and cellulose were largely improved. 25301699 6 35 theme Scanning 974:981 arg1 images 1003:1008 Scanning electron microscope images 974:1008 Scanning electron microscope images 974:1008 Scanning electron microscope images indicated the dispersion and interfacial interactions between PVA and cellulose were largely improved. 25301699 2 36 theme succinic 530:537 arg1 SA 550:551 SA 550:551 SA 550:551 During a pan-milling process, the hydrogen bonds in both cellulose and PVA were effectively broken up, and the released hydroxyl groups could react with succinic anhydride (SA) to form covalent bonds between the two components. 25301699 2 36 theme succinic 530:537 arg1 anhydride 539:547 succinic anhydride 530:547 succinic anhydride (SA) 530:552 During a pan-milling process, the hydrogen bonds in both cellulose and PVA were effectively broken up, and the released hydroxyl groups could react with succinic anhydride (SA) to form covalent bonds between the two components. 25301699 3 37 theme chemical 625:632 arg1 reaction 634:641 This stress-induced chemical reaction 605:641 This stress-induced chemical reaction 605:641 This stress-induced chemical reaction was verified by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 25301699 2 38 theme hydrogen 411:418 arg1 bonds 420:424 the hydrogen bonds 407:424 the hydrogen bonds in both cellulose and PVA 407:450 During a pan-milling process, the hydrogen bonds in both cellulose and PVA were effectively broken up, and the released hydroxyl groups could react with succinic anhydride (SA) to form covalent bonds between the two components. 25301699 1 39 theme /cellulose 308:317 arg1 biocomposites 319:331 high performance poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/cellulose biocomposites 266:331 high performance poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/cellulose biocomposites in a solvent-free and catalyst-free system 266:374 A mechanochemical approach to improve the dispersion and the degree of crosslinking between cellulose fiber and polymer matrix is presented herein to create high performance poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/cellulose biocomposites in a solvent-free and catalyst-free system. 25301699 2 40 theme covalent 562:569 arg1 bonds 571:575 covalent bonds 562:575 covalent bonds between the two components 562:602 During a pan-milling process, the hydrogen bonds in both cellulose and PVA were effectively broken up, and the released hydroxyl groups could react with succinic anhydride (SA) to form covalent bonds between the two components. 25301699 5 41 theme Soxhlet 807:813 arg1 extraction 815:824 Soxhlet extraction 807:824 Soxhlet extraction with hot water 807:839 Soxhlet extraction with hot water showed that the crosslinked PVA/cellulose retained more PVA in the composites due to the homogeneous and heterogeneous crosslinking. 25301699 7 42 theme mechanical 1168:1177 arg1 properties 1179:1188 enhanced mechanical properties 1159:1188 enhanced mechanical properties 1159:1188 The resulting composites exhibited remarkably enhanced mechanical properties. 25301699 8 43 from break 1302:1306 arg1 elongation 1288:1297 elongation 1288:1297 elongation at break 1288:1306 The tensile strength increased from 8.8 MPa (without mechanochemical treatment) to 18.2 MPa, and elongation at break increased from 76.8 to 361.7% after the treatment. 25301699 8 44 theme tensile 1195:1201 arg1 strength 1203:1210 The tensile strength 1191:1210 The tensile strength 1191:1210 The tensile strength increased from 8.8 MPa (without mechanochemical treatment) to 18.2 MPa, and elongation at break increased from 76.8 to 361.7% after the treatment. 25301699 5 45 theme homogeneous 930:940 arg1 crosslinking 960:971 the homogeneous and heterogeneous crosslinking 926:971 the homogeneous and heterogeneous crosslinking 926:971 Soxhlet extraction with hot water showed that the crosslinked PVA/cellulose retained more PVA in the composites due to the homogeneous and heterogeneous crosslinking. 25301699 3 46 dep fourier 659:665 arg1 transform 667:675 transform 667:675 transform infrared spectroscopy 667:697 This stress-induced chemical reaction was verified by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 25301699 3 47 theme stress-induced 610:623 arg1 reaction 634:641 This stress-induced chemical reaction 605:641 This stress-induced chemical reaction 605:641 This stress-induced chemical reaction was verified by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 25301699 2 48 from bonds 420:424 arg1 PVA 448:450 PVA 448:450 PVA 448:450 During a pan-milling process, the hydrogen bonds in both cellulose and PVA were effectively broken up, and the released hydroxyl groups could react with succinic anhydride (SA) to form covalent bonds between the two components. 25301699 2 48 from bonds 420:424 arg1 cellulose 434:442 cellulose 434:442 cellulose 434:442 During a pan-milling process, the hydrogen bonds in both cellulose and PVA were effectively broken up, and the released hydroxyl groups could react with succinic anhydride (SA) to form covalent bonds between the two components. 25301699 2 49 theme hydroxyl 497:504 arg1 groups 506:511 the released hydroxyl groups 484:511 the released hydroxyl groups 484:511 During a pan-milling process, the hydrogen bonds in both cellulose and PVA were effectively broken up, and the released hydroxyl groups could react with succinic anhydride (SA) to form covalent bonds between the two components. 25301699 5 50 theme crosslinked 857:867 arg1 PVA/cellulose 869:881 the crosslinked PVA/cellulose 853:881 the crosslinked PVA/cellulose 853:881 Soxhlet extraction with hot water showed that the crosslinked PVA/cellulose retained more PVA in the composites due to the homogeneous and heterogeneous crosslinking. 25301699 1 51 dep approach 127:134 arg1 improve 139:145 improve 139:145 to improve the dispersion and the degree of crosslinking between cellulose fiber and polymer matrix 136:234 A mechanochemical approach to improve the dispersion and the degree of crosslinking between cellulose fiber and polymer matrix is presented herein to create high performance poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/cellulose biocomposites in a solvent-free and catalyst-free system. 25301699 2 52 theme released 488:495 arg1 groups 506:511 the released hydroxyl groups 484:511 the released hydroxyl groups 484:511 During a pan-milling process, the hydrogen bonds in both cellulose and PVA were effectively broken up, and the released hydroxyl groups could react with succinic anhydride (SA) to form covalent bonds between the two components. 25301699 0 53 from crosslinking 25:36 arg1 fiber 55:59 PVA/cellulose fiber 41:59 PVA/cellulose fiber 41:59 Effective dispersion and crosslinking in PVA/cellulose fiber biocomposites via solid-state mechanochemistry. 25301699 1 54 theme high 266:269 arg1 poly 283:286 high performance poly 266:286 high performance poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/cellulose biocomposites in a solvent-free and catalyst-free system 266:374 A mechanochemical approach to improve the dispersion and the degree of crosslinking between cellulose fiber and polymer matrix is presented herein to create high performance poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/cellulose biocomposites in a solvent-free and catalyst-free system. 25301699 1 54 theme high 266:269 arg1 alcohol 294:300 vinyl alcohol 288:300 vinyl alcohol 288:300 A mechanochemical approach to improve the dispersion and the degree of crosslinking between cellulose fiber and polymer matrix is presented herein to create high performance poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/cellulose biocomposites in a solvent-free and catalyst-free system. 25301699 1 54 theme high 266:269 arg1 PVA 304:306 PVA 304:306 PVA 304:306 A mechanochemical approach to improve the dispersion and the degree of crosslinking between cellulose fiber and polymer matrix is presented herein to create high performance poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/cellulose biocomposites in a solvent-free and catalyst-free system. 28978675 6 0 theme wall 916:919 arg1 chitosan 872:879 chitosan 872:879 chitosan 872:879 The spore wall is a multilaminar structure and SRT1 is required for the generation of the outer chitosan and dityrosine layers of the spore wall. 28978675 5 1 theme important 664:672 arg1 function 674:681 an important function 661:681 an important function in sporulating cells, where the haploid genomes created by meiosis are packaged into spores 661:773 In contrast, SRT1 performs an important function in sporulating cells, where the haploid genomes created by meiosis are packaged into spores. 28978675 6 2 theme spore 910:914 arg1 wall 916:919 the spore wall 906:919 the spore wall 906:919 The spore wall is a multilaminar structure and SRT1 is required for the generation of the outer chitosan and dityrosine layers of the spore wall. 28978675 1 3 theme glycosylation 161:173 arg1 reactions 175:183 glycosylation reactions 161:183 glycosylation reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum 161:212 Dolichols are isoprenoid lipids of varying length that act as sugar carriers in glycosylation reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum. 28978675 8 4 theme chitin 1155:1160 arg1 Chs3 1145:1148 Chs3 1145:1148 Chs3 1145:1148 Synthesis of chitin by Chs3, the chitin synthase responsible for chitosan layer formation, is dependent on the cis-prenyltransferase activity of Srt1, indicating that polyprenols are necessary to coordinate assembly of the spore wall layers. 28978675 8 4 theme chitin 1155:1160 arg1 synthase 1162:1169 the chitin synthase 1151:1169 the chitin synthase responsible for chitosan layer formation 1151:1210 Synthesis of chitin by Chs3, the chitin synthase responsible for chitosan layer formation, is dependent on the cis-prenyltransferase activity of Srt1, indicating that polyprenols are necessary to coordinate assembly of the spore wall layers. 28978675 8 5 theme wall 1351:1354 arg1 layers 1356:1361 the spore wall layers 1341:1361 the spore wall layers 1341:1361 Synthesis of chitin by Chs3, the chitin synthase responsible for chitosan layer formation, is dependent on the cis-prenyltransferase activity of Srt1, indicating that polyprenols are necessary to coordinate assembly of the spore wall layers. 28978675 4 6 theme dividing 618:625 arg1 cells 627:631 mitotically dividing cells 606:631 mitotically dividing cells 606:631 Rer2-Nus1 and Srt1-Nus1 can both generate dolichol in vegetative cells, but srt1∆ cells grow normally while rer2∆ grows very slowly, indicating that Rer2-Nus1 is the primary enzyme used in mitotically dividing cells. 28978675 5 7 theme sporulating 686:696 arg1 cells 698:702 sporulating cells 686:702 sporulating cells 686:702 In contrast, SRT1 performs an important function in sporulating cells, where the haploid genomes created by meiosis are packaged into spores. 28978675 7 8 theme lipid 953:957 arg1 droplets 959:966 lipid droplets 953:966 lipid droplets associated with spore walls 953:994 Srt1 specifically localizes to lipid droplets associated with spore walls, and, during sporulation there is an SRT1-dependent increase in long-chain polyprenols and dolichols in these lipid droplets. 28978675 8 9 theme spore 1345:1349 arg1 layers 1356:1361 the spore wall layers 1341:1361 the spore wall layers 1341:1361 Synthesis of chitin by Chs3, the chitin synthase responsible for chitosan layer formation, is dependent on the cis-prenyltransferase activity of Srt1, indicating that polyprenols are necessary to coordinate assembly of the spore wall layers. 28978675 8 10 theme responsible 1171:1181 arg1 Chs3 1145:1148 Chs3 1145:1148 Chs3 1145:1148 Synthesis of chitin by Chs3, the chitin synthase responsible for chitosan layer formation, is dependent on the cis-prenyltransferase activity of Srt1, indicating that polyprenols are necessary to coordinate assembly of the spore wall layers. 28978675 8 10 theme responsible 1171:1181 arg1 synthase 1162:1169 the chitin synthase 1151:1169 the chitin synthase responsible for chitosan layer formation 1151:1210 Synthesis of chitin by Chs3, the chitin synthase responsible for chitosan layer formation, is dependent on the cis-prenyltransferase activity of Srt1, indicating that polyprenols are necessary to coordinate assembly of the spore wall layers. 28978675 1 11 from carriers 149:156 arg1 reactions 175:183 glycosylation reactions 161:183 glycosylation reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum 161:212 Dolichols are isoprenoid lipids of varying length that act as sugar carriers in glycosylation reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum. 28978675 2 12 theme essential 311:319 arg1 precursor 321:329 polyprenol-an essential precursor 297:329 polyprenol-an essential precursor 297:329 In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, there are two cis-prenyltransferases that synthesize polyprenol-an essential precursor to dolichol. 28978675 8 13 theme cis-prenyltransferase 1233:1253 arg1 activity 1255:1262 the cis-prenyltransferase activity 1229:1262 the cis-prenyltransferase activity of Srt1 1229:1270 Synthesis of chitin by Chs3, the chitin synthase responsible for chitosan layer formation, is dependent on the cis-prenyltransferase activity of Srt1, indicating that polyprenols are necessary to coordinate assembly of the spore wall layers. 28978675 6 14 theme dityrosine 885:894 arg1 generation 848:857 the generation 844:857 the generation of the outer chitosan and dityrosine layers of the spore wall 844:919 The spore wall is a multilaminar structure and SRT1 is required for the generation of the outer chitosan and dityrosine layers of the spore wall. 28978675 7 15 theme lipid 1106:1110 arg1 droplets 1112:1119 these lipid droplets 1100:1119 these lipid droplets 1100:1119 Srt1 specifically localizes to lipid droplets associated with spore walls, and, during sporulation there is an SRT1-dependent increase in long-chain polyprenols and dolichols in these lipid droplets. 28978675 6 16 theme multilaminar 796:807 arg1 wall 786:789 The spore wall 776:789 The spore wall 776:789 The spore wall is a multilaminar structure and SRT1 is required for the generation of the outer chitosan and dityrosine layers of the spore wall. 28978675 6 16 theme multilaminar 796:807 arg1 structure 809:817 a multilaminar structure 794:817 a multilaminar structure 794:817 The spore wall is a multilaminar structure and SRT1 is required for the generation of the outer chitosan and dityrosine layers of the spore wall. 28978675 2 17 theme polyprenol-an 297:309 arg1 precursor 321:329 polyprenol-an essential precursor 297:329 polyprenol-an essential precursor 297:329 In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, there are two cis-prenyltransferases that synthesize polyprenol-an essential precursor to dolichol. 28978675 8 18 theme chitosan 1187:1194 arg1 formation 1202:1210 chitosan layer formation 1187:1210 chitosan layer formation 1187:1210 Synthesis of chitin by Chs3, the chitin synthase responsible for chitosan layer formation, is dependent on the cis-prenyltransferase activity of Srt1, indicating that polyprenols are necessary to coordinate assembly of the spore wall layers. 28978675 1 19 theme isoprenoid 95:104 arg1 Dolichols 81:89 Dolichols 81:89 Dolichols 81:89 Dolichols are isoprenoid lipids of varying length that act as sugar carriers in glycosylation reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum. 28978675 1 19 theme isoprenoid 95:104 arg1 lipids 106:111 isoprenoid lipids 95:111 isoprenoid lipids of varying length that act as sugar carriers in glycosylation reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum 95:212 Dolichols are isoprenoid lipids of varying length that act as sugar carriers in glycosylation reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum. 28978675 1 19 theme isoprenoid 95:104 arg1 carriers 149:156 sugar carriers 143:156 sugar carriers in glycosylation reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum 143:212 Dolichols are isoprenoid lipids of varying length that act as sugar carriers in glycosylation reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum. 28978675 9 20 theme cellular 1476:1483 arg1 processes 1485:1493 cellular processes 1476:1493 cellular processes besides protein glycosylation 1476:1523 This work shows that a developmentally regulated cis-prenyltransferase can produce polyprenols that function in cellular processes besides protein glycosylation. 28978675 0 21 theme Long-Chain 0:9 arg1 Polyprenols 11:21 Long-Chain Polyprenols 0:21 Long-Chain Polyprenols 0:21 Long-Chain Polyprenols Promote Spore Wall Formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 28978675 1 22 theme endoplasmic 192:202 arg1 reticulum 204:212 the endoplasmic reticulum 188:212 the endoplasmic reticulum 188:212 Dolichols are isoprenoid lipids of varying length that act as sugar carriers in glycosylation reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum. 28978675 0 23 theme Spore 31:35 arg1 Formation 42:50 Spore Wall Formation 31:50 Spore Wall Formation 31:50 Long-Chain Polyprenols Promote Spore Wall Formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 28978675 5 24 theme haploid 715:721 arg1 genomes 723:729 the haploid genomes 711:729 the haploid genomes created by meiosis 711:748 In contrast, SRT1 performs an important function in sporulating cells, where the haploid genomes created by meiosis are packaged into spores. 28978675 9 25 theme protein 1503:1509 arg1 glycosylation 1511:1523 protein glycosylation 1503:1523 protein glycosylation 1503:1523 This work shows that a developmentally regulated cis-prenyltransferase can produce polyprenols that function in cellular processes besides protein glycosylation. 28978675 8 26 theme layer 1196:1200 arg1 formation 1202:1210 chitosan layer formation 1187:1210 chitosan layer formation 1187:1210 Synthesis of chitin by Chs3, the chitin synthase responsible for chitosan layer formation, is dependent on the cis-prenyltransferase activity of Srt1, indicating that polyprenols are necessary to coordinate assembly of the spore wall layers. 28978675 6 27 theme chitosan 872:879 arg1 generation 848:857 the generation 844:857 the generation of the outer chitosan and dityrosine layers of the spore wall 844:919 The spore wall is a multilaminar structure and SRT1 is required for the generation of the outer chitosan and dityrosine layers of the spore wall. 28978675 1 28 theme varying 116:122 arg1 length 124:129 varying length 116:129 varying length 116:129 Dolichols are isoprenoid lipids of varying length that act as sugar carriers in glycosylation reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum. 28978675 8 29 theme Srt1 1267:1270 arg1 activity 1255:1262 the cis-prenyltransferase activity 1229:1262 the cis-prenyltransferase activity of Srt1 1229:1270 Synthesis of chitin by Chs3, the chitin synthase responsible for chitosan layer formation, is dependent on the cis-prenyltransferase activity of Srt1, indicating that polyprenols are necessary to coordinate assembly of the spore wall layers. 28978675 4 30 theme primary 583:589 arg1 Rer2-Nus1 566:574 Rer2-Nus1 566:574 Rer2-Nus1 566:574 Rer2-Nus1 and Srt1-Nus1 can both generate dolichol in vegetative cells, but srt1∆ cells grow normally while rer2∆ grows very slowly, indicating that Rer2-Nus1 is the primary enzyme used in mitotically dividing cells. 28978675 4 30 theme primary 583:589 arg1 enzyme 591:596 the primary enzyme 579:596 the primary enzyme used in mitotically dividing cells 579:631 Rer2-Nus1 and Srt1-Nus1 can both generate dolichol in vegetative cells, but srt1∆ cells grow normally while rer2∆ grows very slowly, indicating that Rer2-Nus1 is the primary enzyme used in mitotically dividing cells. 28978675 0 31 theme Wall 37:40 arg1 Formation 42:50 Spore Wall Formation 31:50 Spore Wall Formation 31:50 Long-Chain Polyprenols Promote Spore Wall Formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 28978675 7 32 theme long-chain 1060:1069 arg1 polyprenols 1071:1081 long-chain polyprenols 1060:1081 long-chain polyprenols 1060:1081 Srt1 specifically localizes to lipid droplets associated with spore walls, and, during sporulation there is an SRT1-dependent increase in long-chain polyprenols and dolichols in these lipid droplets. 28978675 4 33 theme srt1∆ 493:497 arg1 cells 499:503 srt1∆ cells 493:503 srt1∆ cells 493:503 Rer2-Nus1 and Srt1-Nus1 can both generate dolichol in vegetative cells, but srt1∆ cells grow normally while rer2∆ grows very slowly, indicating that Rer2-Nus1 is the primary enzyme used in mitotically dividing cells. 28978675 6 34 theme spore 780:784 arg1 wall 786:789 The spore wall 776:789 The spore wall 776:789 The spore wall is a multilaminar structure and SRT1 is required for the generation of the outer chitosan and dityrosine layers of the spore wall. 28978675 6 34 theme spore 780:784 arg1 structure 809:817 a multilaminar structure 794:817 a multilaminar structure 794:817 The spore wall is a multilaminar structure and SRT1 is required for the generation of the outer chitosan and dityrosine layers of the spore wall. 28978675 0 35 theme Saccharomyces 55:67 arg1 cerevisiae 69:78 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 55:78 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 55:78 Long-Chain Polyprenols Promote Spore Wall Formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 28978675 7 36 theme SRT1-dependent 1033:1046 arg1 increase 1048:1055 an SRT1-dependent increase 1030:1055 an SRT1-dependent increase in long-chain polyprenols and dolichols in these lipid droplets 1030:1119 Srt1 specifically localizes to lipid droplets associated with spore walls, and, during sporulation there is an SRT1-dependent increase in long-chain polyprenols and dolichols in these lipid droplets. 28978675 1 37 theme length 124:129 arg1 Dolichols 81:89 Dolichols 81:89 Dolichols 81:89 Dolichols are isoprenoid lipids of varying length that act as sugar carriers in glycosylation reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum. 28978675 1 37 theme length 124:129 arg1 lipids 106:111 isoprenoid lipids 95:111 isoprenoid lipids of varying length that act as sugar carriers in glycosylation reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum 95:212 Dolichols are isoprenoid lipids of varying length that act as sugar carriers in glycosylation reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum. 28978675 1 37 theme length 124:129 arg1 carriers 149:156 sugar carriers 143:156 sugar carriers in glycosylation reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum 143:212 Dolichols are isoprenoid lipids of varying length that act as sugar carriers in glycosylation reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum. 28978675 6 38 dep chitosan 872:879 arg1 layers 896:901 layers 896:901 layers 896:901 The spore wall is a multilaminar structure and SRT1 is required for the generation of the outer chitosan and dityrosine layers of the spore wall. 28978675 5 39 from function 674:681 arg1 cells 698:702 sporulating cells 686:702 sporulating cells 686:702 In contrast, SRT1 performs an important function in sporulating cells, where the haploid genomes created by meiosis are packaged into spores. 28978675 4 40 from dolichol 459:466 arg1 cells 482:486 vegetative cells 471:486 vegetative cells 471:486 Rer2-Nus1 and Srt1-Nus1 can both generate dolichol in vegetative cells, but srt1∆ cells grow normally while rer2∆ grows very slowly, indicating that Rer2-Nus1 is the primary enzyme used in mitotically dividing cells. 28978675 7 41 theme spore 984:988 arg1 walls 990:994 spore walls 984:994 spore walls 984:994 Srt1 specifically localizes to lipid droplets associated with spore walls, and, during sporulation there is an SRT1-dependent increase in long-chain polyprenols and dolichols in these lipid droplets. 28978675 8 42 theme layers 1356:1361 arg1 assembly 1329:1336 assembly 1329:1336 assembly of the spore wall layers 1329:1361 Synthesis of chitin by Chs3, the chitin synthase responsible for chitosan layer formation, is dependent on the cis-prenyltransferase activity of Srt1, indicating that polyprenols are necessary to coordinate assembly of the spore wall layers. 28978675 4 43 theme vegetative 471:480 arg1 cells 482:486 vegetative cells 471:486 vegetative cells 471:486 Rer2-Nus1 and Srt1-Nus1 can both generate dolichol in vegetative cells, but srt1∆ cells grow normally while rer2∆ grows very slowly, indicating that Rer2-Nus1 is the primary enzyme used in mitotically dividing cells. 28978675 1 44 theme sugar 143:147 arg1 carriers 149:156 sugar carriers 143:156 sugar carriers in glycosylation reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum 143:212 Dolichols are isoprenoid lipids of varying length that act as sugar carriers in glycosylation reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum. 28978675 1 44 theme sugar 143:147 arg1 lipids 106:111 isoprenoid lipids 95:111 isoprenoid lipids of varying length that act as sugar carriers in glycosylation reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum 95:212 Dolichols are isoprenoid lipids of varying length that act as sugar carriers in glycosylation reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum. 28978675 9 45 theme regulated 1403:1411 arg1 cis-prenyltransferase 1413:1433 a developmentally regulated cis-prenyltransferase 1385:1433 a developmentally regulated cis-prenyltransferase 1385:1433 This work shows that a developmentally regulated cis-prenyltransferase can produce polyprenols that function in cellular processes besides protein glycosylation. 28978675 8 46 theme chitin 1135:1140 arg1 Synthesis 1122:1130 Synthesis 1122:1130 Synthesis of chitin by Chs3, the chitin synthase responsible for chitosan layer formation, 1122:1211 Synthesis of chitin by Chs3, the chitin synthase responsible for chitosan layer formation, is dependent on the cis-prenyltransferase activity of Srt1, indicating that polyprenols are necessary to coordinate assembly of the spore wall layers. 28978675 1 47 from reactions 175:183 arg1 reticulum 204:212 the endoplasmic reticulum 188:212 the endoplasmic reticulum 188:212 Dolichols are isoprenoid lipids of varying length that act as sugar carriers in glycosylation reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum. 28978675 7 48 from increase 1048:1055 arg1 dolichols 1087:1095 dolichols 1087:1095 dolichols 1087:1095 Srt1 specifically localizes to lipid droplets associated with spore walls, and, during sporulation there is an SRT1-dependent increase in long-chain polyprenols and dolichols in these lipid droplets. 28978675 7 48 from increase 1048:1055 arg1 polyprenols 1071:1081 long-chain polyprenols 1060:1081 long-chain polyprenols 1060:1081 Srt1 specifically localizes to lipid droplets associated with spore walls, and, during sporulation there is an SRT1-dependent increase in long-chain polyprenols and dolichols in these lipid droplets. 28978675 7 48 from increase 1048:1055 arg1 droplets 1112:1119 these lipid droplets 1100:1119 these lipid droplets 1100:1119 Srt1 specifically localizes to lipid droplets associated with spore walls, and, during sporulation there is an SRT1-dependent increase in long-chain polyprenols and dolichols in these lipid droplets. 28391105 2 0 theme 1st 475:477 arg1 step 479:482 1st step 475:482 1st step 475:482 The glucan conversion rate (17.4%) was not significantly improved after liquid hot water treatment (1st step) even though most of the hemicellulose was dissolved into liquid hydrolysate. 28391105 2 0 theme 1st 475:477 arg1 treatment 464:472 liquid hot water treatment 447:472 liquid hot water treatment (1st step) 447:483 The glucan conversion rate (17.4%) was not significantly improved after liquid hot water treatment (1st step) even though most of the hemicellulose was dissolved into liquid hydrolysate. 28391105 1 1 theme solid 344:348 arg1 fraction 350:357 treated solid fraction 336:357 treated solid fraction of Jabon Merah 336:372 The main purpose of this study was to investigate the glucan conversion rate after enzymatic hydrolysis depending on the treatment methods and conditions with changes in the chemical composition of treated solid fraction of Jabon Merah. 28391105 7 2 theme recalcitrant 1160:1171 arg1 Merah 1198:1202 Merah 1198:1202 Merah 1198:1202 Finally, the glucan conversion rate and AIL content were highly correlated, which was revealed by the R-squared value (0.84), but inhibitory factors including cellulose crystallinity must be considered for advanced glucan conversion from highly recalcitrant biomasses, such as Jabon Merah. 28391105 7 2 theme recalcitrant 1160:1171 arg1 biomasses 1173:1181 highly recalcitrant biomasses 1153:1181 highly recalcitrant biomasses 1153:1181 Finally, the glucan conversion rate and AIL content were highly correlated, which was revealed by the R-squared value (0.84), but inhibitory factors including cellulose crystallinity must be considered for advanced glucan conversion from highly recalcitrant biomasses, such as Jabon Merah. 28391105 1 3 theme fraction 350:357 arg1 composition 321:331 the chemical composition 308:331 the chemical composition of treated solid fraction of Jabon Merah 308:372 The main purpose of this study was to investigate the glucan conversion rate after enzymatic hydrolysis depending on the treatment methods and conditions with changes in the chemical composition of treated solid fraction of Jabon Merah. 28391105 1 4 theme study 163:167 arg1 purpose 147:153 The main purpose 138:153 The main purpose of this study 138:167 The main purpose of this study was to investigate the glucan conversion rate after enzymatic hydrolysis depending on the treatment methods and conditions with changes in the chemical composition of treated solid fraction of Jabon Merah. 28391105 7 5 from biomasses 1173:1181 arg1 conversion 1137:1146 advanced glucan conversion 1121:1146 advanced glucan conversion from highly recalcitrant biomasses, such as Jabon Merah 1121:1202 Finally, the glucan conversion rate and AIL content were highly correlated, which was revealed by the R-squared value (0.84), but inhibitory factors including cellulose crystallinity must be considered for advanced glucan conversion from highly recalcitrant biomasses, such as Jabon Merah. 28391105 7 6 theme glucan 1130:1135 arg1 conversion 1137:1146 advanced glucan conversion 1121:1146 advanced glucan conversion from highly recalcitrant biomasses, such as Jabon Merah 1121:1202 Finally, the glucan conversion rate and AIL content were highly correlated, which was revealed by the R-squared value (0.84), but inhibitory factors including cellulose crystallinity must be considered for advanced glucan conversion from highly recalcitrant biomasses, such as Jabon Merah. 28391105 0 7 theme pretreatment 95:106 arg1 strategies 108:117 pretreatment strategies 95:117 pretreatment strategies using Jabon Merah 95:135 Evaluation of correlation between glucan conversion and degree of delignification depending on pretreatment strategies using Jabon Merah. 28391105 3 8 theme glucan 691:696 arg1 conversion 698:707 glucan conversion 691:707 glucan conversion 691:707 Subsequently, dilute acid, organosolv, and peracetic acid treatment (2nd step) was conducted under various conditions to enhance glucan conversion. 28391105 4 9 theme step 724:727 arg1 treatment 729:737 the 2nd step treatment 716:737 the 2nd step treatment 716:737 Among the 2nd step treatment, the glucan conversion rate of organosolv (max. 28391105 5 10 theme peracetic 798:806 arg1 treatment 813:821 peracetic acid treatment 798:821 peracetic acid treatment 798:821 46.0%) and peracetic acid treatment (max. 28391105 1 11 theme Merah 368:372 arg1 fraction 350:357 treated solid fraction 336:357 treated solid fraction of Jabon Merah 336:372 The main purpose of this study was to investigate the glucan conversion rate after enzymatic hydrolysis depending on the treatment methods and conditions with changes in the chemical composition of treated solid fraction of Jabon Merah. 28391105 1 12 from changes 297:303 arg1 composition 321:331 the chemical composition 308:331 the chemical composition of treated solid fraction of Jabon Merah 308:372 The main purpose of this study was to investigate the glucan conversion rate after enzymatic hydrolysis depending on the treatment methods and conditions with changes in the chemical composition of treated solid fraction of Jabon Merah. 28391105 4 13 theme organosolv 770:779 arg1 rate 762:765 the glucan conversion rate 740:765 the glucan conversion rate of organosolv (max 740:784 Among the 2nd step treatment, the glucan conversion rate of organosolv (max. 28391105 7 14 theme R-squared 1017:1025 arg1 0.84 1034:1037 0.84 1034:1037 0.84 1034:1037 Finally, the glucan conversion rate and AIL content were highly correlated, which was revealed by the R-squared value (0.84), but inhibitory factors including cellulose crystallinity must be considered for advanced glucan conversion from highly recalcitrant biomasses, such as Jabon Merah. 28391105 7 14 theme R-squared 1017:1025 arg1 value 1027:1031 the R-squared value 1013:1031 the R-squared value (0.84) 1013:1038 Finally, the glucan conversion rate and AIL content were highly correlated, which was revealed by the R-squared value (0.84), but inhibitory factors including cellulose crystallinity must be considered for advanced glucan conversion from highly recalcitrant biomasses, such as Jabon Merah. 28391105 4 15 dep rate 762:765 arg1 treatment 729:737 the 2nd step treatment 716:737 the 2nd step treatment 716:737 Among the 2nd step treatment, the glucan conversion rate of organosolv (max. 28391105 4 15 dep rate 762:765 arg1 max 782:784 max 782:784 the glucan conversion rate of organosolv (max 740:784 Among the 2nd step treatment, the glucan conversion rate of organosolv (max. 28391105 2 16 theme conversion 386:395 arg1 rate 397:400 The glucan conversion rate 375:400 The glucan conversion rate (17.4%) 375:408 The glucan conversion rate (17.4%) was not significantly improved after liquid hot water treatment (1st step) even though most of the hemicellulose was dissolved into liquid hydrolysate. 28391105 2 16 theme conversion 386:395 arg1 % 407:407 17.4% 403:407 17.4% 403:407 The glucan conversion rate (17.4%) was not significantly improved after liquid hot water treatment (1st step) even though most of the hemicellulose was dissolved into liquid hydrolysate. 28391105 2 17 theme glucan 379:384 arg1 rate 397:400 The glucan conversion rate 375:400 The glucan conversion rate (17.4%) 375:408 The glucan conversion rate (17.4%) was not significantly improved after liquid hot water treatment (1st step) even though most of the hemicellulose was dissolved into liquid hydrolysate. 28391105 2 17 theme glucan 379:384 arg1 % 407:407 17.4% 403:407 17.4% 403:407 The glucan conversion rate (17.4%) was not significantly improved after liquid hot water treatment (1st step) even though most of the hemicellulose was dissolved into liquid hydrolysate. 28391105 4 18 theme 2nd 720:722 arg1 treatment 729:737 the 2nd step treatment 716:737 the 2nd step treatment 716:737 Among the 2nd step treatment, the glucan conversion rate of organosolv (max. 28391105 1 19 theme glucan 192:197 arg1 rate 210:213 the glucan conversion rate 188:213 the glucan conversion rate 188:213 The main purpose of this study was to investigate the glucan conversion rate after enzymatic hydrolysis depending on the treatment methods and conditions with changes in the chemical composition of treated solid fraction of Jabon Merah. 28391105 0 20 theme correlation 14:24 arg1 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation of correlation between glucan conversion 0:50 Evaluation of correlation between glucan conversion and degree of delignification depending on pretreatment strategies using Jabon Merah. 28391105 0 20 theme correlation 14:24 arg1 degree 56:61 degree 56:61 degree of delignification 56:80 Evaluation of correlation between glucan conversion and degree of delignification depending on pretreatment strategies using Jabon Merah. 28391105 1 21 theme conversion 199:208 arg1 rate 210:213 the glucan conversion rate 188:213 the glucan conversion rate 188:213 The main purpose of this study was to investigate the glucan conversion rate after enzymatic hydrolysis depending on the treatment methods and conditions with changes in the chemical composition of treated solid fraction of Jabon Merah. 28391105 7 22 theme inhibitory 1045:1054 arg1 factors 1056:1062 inhibitory factors 1045:1062 inhibitory factors including cellulose crystallinity 1045:1096 Finally, the glucan conversion rate and AIL content were highly correlated, which was revealed by the R-squared value (0.84), but inhibitory factors including cellulose crystallinity must be considered for advanced glucan conversion from highly recalcitrant biomasses, such as Jabon Merah. 28391105 7 22 theme inhibitory 1045:1054 arg1 crystallinity 1084:1096 cellulose crystallinity 1074:1096 cellulose crystallinity 1074:1096 Finally, the glucan conversion rate and AIL content were highly correlated, which was revealed by the R-squared value (0.84), but inhibitory factors including cellulose crystallinity must be considered for advanced glucan conversion from highly recalcitrant biomasses, such as Jabon Merah. 28391105 6 23 theme lignin 901:906 arg1 decomposition 869:881 decomposition 869:881 decomposition of acid-insoluble lignin (AIL) 869:912 65.9%) was increased remarkably through decomposition of acid-insoluble lignin (AIL). 28391105 3 24 theme dilute 576:581 arg1 acid 583:586 dilute acid 576:586 dilute acid 576:586 Subsequently, dilute acid, organosolv, and peracetic acid treatment (2nd step) was conducted under various conditions to enhance glucan conversion. 28391105 2 25 theme water 458:462 arg1 step 479:482 1st step 475:482 1st step 475:482 The glucan conversion rate (17.4%) was not significantly improved after liquid hot water treatment (1st step) even though most of the hemicellulose was dissolved into liquid hydrolysate. 28391105 2 25 theme water 458:462 arg1 treatment 464:472 liquid hot water treatment 447:472 liquid hot water treatment (1st step) 447:483 The glucan conversion rate (17.4%) was not significantly improved after liquid hot water treatment (1st step) even though most of the hemicellulose was dissolved into liquid hydrolysate. 28391105 6 26 theme acid-insoluble 886:899 arg1 AIL 909:911 AIL 909:911 AIL 909:911 65.9%) was increased remarkably through decomposition of acid-insoluble lignin (AIL). 28391105 6 26 theme acid-insoluble 886:899 arg1 lignin 901:906 acid-insoluble lignin 886:906 acid-insoluble lignin (AIL) 886:912 65.9%) was increased remarkably through decomposition of acid-insoluble lignin (AIL). 28391105 0 27 theme glucan 34:39 arg1 conversion 41:50 glucan conversion 34:50 glucan conversion 34:50 Evaluation of correlation between glucan conversion and degree of delignification depending on pretreatment strategies using Jabon Merah. 28391105 3 28 theme peracetic 605:613 arg1 acid 615:618 peracetic acid 605:618 peracetic acid 605:618 Subsequently, dilute acid, organosolv, and peracetic acid treatment (2nd step) was conducted under various conditions to enhance glucan conversion. 28391105 3 29 theme acid 583:586 arg1 treatment 620:628 dilute acid, organosolv, and peracetic acid treatment 576:628 dilute acid, organosolv, and peracetic acid treatment (2nd step) 576:639 Subsequently, dilute acid, organosolv, and peracetic acid treatment (2nd step) was conducted under various conditions to enhance glucan conversion. 28391105 3 29 theme acid 583:586 arg1 step 635:638 2nd step 631:638 2nd step 631:638 Subsequently, dilute acid, organosolv, and peracetic acid treatment (2nd step) was conducted under various conditions to enhance glucan conversion. 28391105 2 30 theme hot 454:456 arg1 step 479:482 1st step 475:482 1st step 475:482 The glucan conversion rate (17.4%) was not significantly improved after liquid hot water treatment (1st step) even though most of the hemicellulose was dissolved into liquid hydrolysate. 28391105 2 30 theme hot 454:456 arg1 treatment 464:472 liquid hot water treatment 447:472 liquid hot water treatment (1st step) 447:483 The glucan conversion rate (17.4%) was not significantly improved after liquid hot water treatment (1st step) even though most of the hemicellulose was dissolved into liquid hydrolysate. 28391105 1 31 theme chemical 312:319 arg1 composition 321:331 the chemical composition 308:331 the chemical composition of treated solid fraction of Jabon Merah 308:372 The main purpose of this study was to investigate the glucan conversion rate after enzymatic hydrolysis depending on the treatment methods and conditions with changes in the chemical composition of treated solid fraction of Jabon Merah. 28391105 3 32 theme acid 615:618 arg1 treatment 620:628 dilute acid, organosolv, and peracetic acid treatment 576:628 dilute acid, organosolv, and peracetic acid treatment (2nd step) 576:639 Subsequently, dilute acid, organosolv, and peracetic acid treatment (2nd step) was conducted under various conditions to enhance glucan conversion. 28391105 3 32 theme acid 615:618 arg1 step 635:638 2nd step 631:638 2nd step 631:638 Subsequently, dilute acid, organosolv, and peracetic acid treatment (2nd step) was conducted under various conditions to enhance glucan conversion. 28391105 7 33 theme AIL 955:957 arg1 content 959:965 AIL content 955:965 AIL content 955:965 Finally, the glucan conversion rate and AIL content were highly correlated, which was revealed by the R-squared value (0.84), but inhibitory factors including cellulose crystallinity must be considered for advanced glucan conversion from highly recalcitrant biomasses, such as Jabon Merah. 28391105 2 34 theme liquid 447:452 arg1 step 479:482 1st step 475:482 1st step 475:482 The glucan conversion rate (17.4%) was not significantly improved after liquid hot water treatment (1st step) even though most of the hemicellulose was dissolved into liquid hydrolysate. 28391105 2 34 theme liquid 447:452 arg1 treatment 464:472 liquid hot water treatment 447:472 liquid hot water treatment (1st step) 447:483 The glucan conversion rate (17.4%) was not significantly improved after liquid hot water treatment (1st step) even though most of the hemicellulose was dissolved into liquid hydrolysate. 28391105 3 35 theme various 661:667 arg1 conditions 669:678 various conditions 661:678 various conditions 661:678 Subsequently, dilute acid, organosolv, and peracetic acid treatment (2nd step) was conducted under various conditions to enhance glucan conversion. 28391105 7 36 theme glucan 928:933 arg1 rate 946:949 the glucan conversion rate 924:949 the glucan conversion rate 924:949 Finally, the glucan conversion rate and AIL content were highly correlated, which was revealed by the R-squared value (0.84), but inhibitory factors including cellulose crystallinity must be considered for advanced glucan conversion from highly recalcitrant biomasses, such as Jabon Merah. 28391105 5 37 dep % 791:791 arg1 max 824:826 max 824:826 max 824:826 46.0%) and peracetic acid treatment (max. 28391105 2 38 theme liquid 542:547 arg1 hydrolysate 549:559 liquid hydrolysate 542:559 liquid hydrolysate 542:559 The glucan conversion rate (17.4%) was not significantly improved after liquid hot water treatment (1st step) even though most of the hemicellulose was dissolved into liquid hydrolysate. 28391105 4 39 theme conversion 751:760 arg1 rate 762:765 the glucan conversion rate 740:765 the glucan conversion rate of organosolv (max 740:784 Among the 2nd step treatment, the glucan conversion rate of organosolv (max. 28391105 1 40 with treatment 259:267 arg1 changes 297:303 changes 297:303 changes in the chemical composition of treated solid fraction of Jabon Merah 297:372 The main purpose of this study was to investigate the glucan conversion rate after enzymatic hydrolysis depending on the treatment methods and conditions with changes in the chemical composition of treated solid fraction of Jabon Merah. 28391105 1 41 theme enzymatic 221:229 arg1 hydrolysis 231:240 enzymatic hydrolysis 221:240 enzymatic hydrolysis 221:240 The main purpose of this study was to investigate the glucan conversion rate after enzymatic hydrolysis depending on the treatment methods and conditions with changes in the chemical composition of treated solid fraction of Jabon Merah. 28391105 7 42 theme conversion 935:944 arg1 rate 946:949 the glucan conversion rate 924:949 the glucan conversion rate 924:949 Finally, the glucan conversion rate and AIL content were highly correlated, which was revealed by the R-squared value (0.84), but inhibitory factors including cellulose crystallinity must be considered for advanced glucan conversion from highly recalcitrant biomasses, such as Jabon Merah. 28391105 3 43 theme 2nd 631:633 arg1 treatment 620:628 dilute acid, organosolv, and peracetic acid treatment 576:628 dilute acid, organosolv, and peracetic acid treatment (2nd step) 576:639 Subsequently, dilute acid, organosolv, and peracetic acid treatment (2nd step) was conducted under various conditions to enhance glucan conversion. 28391105 3 43 theme 2nd 631:633 arg1 step 635:638 2nd step 631:638 2nd step 631:638 Subsequently, dilute acid, organosolv, and peracetic acid treatment (2nd step) was conducted under various conditions to enhance glucan conversion. 28391105 4 44 theme glucan 744:749 arg1 rate 762:765 the glucan conversion rate 740:765 the glucan conversion rate of organosolv (max 740:784 Among the 2nd step treatment, the glucan conversion rate of organosolv (max. 28391105 1 45 theme main 142:145 arg1 purpose 147:153 The main purpose 138:153 The main purpose of this study 138:167 The main purpose of this study was to investigate the glucan conversion rate after enzymatic hydrolysis depending on the treatment methods and conditions with changes in the chemical composition of treated solid fraction of Jabon Merah. 28391105 0 46 theme delignification 66:80 arg1 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation of correlation between glucan conversion 0:50 Evaluation of correlation between glucan conversion and degree of delignification depending on pretreatment strategies using Jabon Merah. 28391105 0 46 theme delignification 66:80 arg1 degree 56:61 degree 56:61 degree of delignification 56:80 Evaluation of correlation between glucan conversion and degree of delignification depending on pretreatment strategies using Jabon Merah. 28391105 1 47 dep treatment 259:267 arg1 conditions 281:290 conditions 281:290 conditions 281:290 The main purpose of this study was to investigate the glucan conversion rate after enzymatic hydrolysis depending on the treatment methods and conditions with changes in the chemical composition of treated solid fraction of Jabon Merah. 28391105 1 47 dep treatment 259:267 arg1 methods 269:275 methods 269:275 methods 269:275 The main purpose of this study was to investigate the glucan conversion rate after enzymatic hydrolysis depending on the treatment methods and conditions with changes in the chemical composition of treated solid fraction of Jabon Merah. 28391105 5 48 theme acid 808:811 arg1 treatment 813:821 peracetic acid treatment 798:821 peracetic acid treatment 798:821 46.0%) and peracetic acid treatment (max. 28391105 1 49 theme treated 336:342 arg1 fraction 350:357 treated solid fraction 336:357 treated solid fraction of Jabon Merah 336:372 The main purpose of this study was to investigate the glucan conversion rate after enzymatic hydrolysis depending on the treatment methods and conditions with changes in the chemical composition of treated solid fraction of Jabon Merah. 28391105 3 50 theme organosolv 589:598 arg1 treatment 620:628 dilute acid, organosolv, and peracetic acid treatment 576:628 dilute acid, organosolv, and peracetic acid treatment (2nd step) 576:639 Subsequently, dilute acid, organosolv, and peracetic acid treatment (2nd step) was conducted under various conditions to enhance glucan conversion. 28391105 3 50 theme organosolv 589:598 arg1 step 635:638 2nd step 631:638 2nd step 631:638 Subsequently, dilute acid, organosolv, and peracetic acid treatment (2nd step) was conducted under various conditions to enhance glucan conversion. 28391105 7 51 theme cellulose 1074:1082 arg1 crystallinity 1084:1096 cellulose crystallinity 1074:1096 cellulose crystallinity 1074:1096 Finally, the glucan conversion rate and AIL content were highly correlated, which was revealed by the R-squared value (0.84), but inhibitory factors including cellulose crystallinity must be considered for advanced glucan conversion from highly recalcitrant biomasses, such as Jabon Merah. 28391105 7 52 theme advanced 1121:1128 arg1 conversion 1137:1146 advanced glucan conversion 1121:1146 advanced glucan conversion from highly recalcitrant biomasses, such as Jabon Merah 1121:1202 Finally, the glucan conversion rate and AIL content were highly correlated, which was revealed by the R-squared value (0.84), but inhibitory factors including cellulose crystallinity must be considered for advanced glucan conversion from highly recalcitrant biomasses, such as Jabon Merah. 27474631 5 0 theme microscope 841:850 arg1 results 897:903 The transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results 815:903 The transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results 815:903 The transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results further revealed that the spherical Ag NPs (5-12nm) were well dispersed on the surface of CNC. 27474631 1 1 theme Ag 189:190 arg1 nano-particles 173:186 Immobilized silver nano-particles 154:186 Immobilized silver nano-particles (Ag NPs) 154:195 Immobilized silver nano-particles (Ag NPs) possess excellent antimicrobial properties due to their unique surface characteristics. 27474631 1 1 theme Ag 189:190 arg1 NPs 192:194 Ag NPs 189:194 Ag NPs 189:194 Immobilized silver nano-particles (Ag NPs) possess excellent antimicrobial properties due to their unique surface characteristics. 27474631 4 2 dep transform 695:703 arg1 infrared 705:712 infrared 705:712 transform infrared 695:712 Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed that the Ag NPs were immobilized onto the CNC. 27474631 3 3 theme NPs-loaded 559:568 arg1 nano-composites 574:588 The prepared Ag NPs-loaded CNC nano-composites 543:588 The prepared Ag NPs-loaded CNC nano-composites 543:588 The prepared Ag NPs-loaded CNC nano-composites were then applied onto the paper surface via coating for the preparation of antibacterial paper. 27474631 0 4 theme cellulose 100:108 arg1 paper 110:114 cellulose paper 100:114 cellulose paper 100:114 Preparation of silver nano-particles immobilized onto chitin nano-crystals and their application to cellulose paper for imparting antimicrobial activity. 27474631 3 5 theme CNC 570:572 arg1 nano-composites 574:588 The prepared Ag NPs-loaded CNC nano-composites 543:588 The prepared Ag NPs-loaded CNC nano-composites 543:588 The prepared Ag NPs-loaded CNC nano-composites were then applied onto the paper surface via coating for the preparation of antibacterial paper. 27474631 2 6 theme silver 312:317 arg1 nano-particles 319:332 immobilized silver nano-particles 300:332 immobilized silver nano-particles 300:332 In this paper, immobilized silver nano-particles were synthesized in the presence of chitin nano-crystals (CNC) based on the Tollens mechanism (reduction of silver ion by aldehydes in the chitosan oligosaccharides (COS)) under microwave-assisted conditions. 27474631 4 7 theme diffraction 732:742 arg1 results 750:756 Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results 687:756 Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results 687:756 Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed that the Ag NPs were immobilized onto the CNC. 27474631 2 8 theme immobilized 300:310 arg1 nano-particles 319:332 immobilized silver nano-particles 300:332 immobilized silver nano-particles 300:332 In this paper, immobilized silver nano-particles were synthesized in the presence of chitin nano-crystals (CNC) based on the Tollens mechanism (reduction of silver ion by aldehydes in the chitosan oligosaccharides (COS)) under microwave-assisted conditions. 27474631 6 9 theme Ag 1031:1032 arg1 nano-composites 1049:1063 the Ag NPs-loaded CNC nano-composites 1027:1063 the Ag NPs-loaded CNC nano-composites 1027:1063 The coated paper made from the Ag NPs-loaded CNC nano-composites exhibited a high effectiveness of the antibacterial activity against E. coli or S. aureus. 27474631 4 10 theme Fourier 687:693 arg1 results 750:756 Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results 687:756 Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results 687:756 Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed that the Ag NPs were immobilized onto the CNC. 27474631 2 11 theme microwave-assisted 512:529 arg1 conditions 531:540 microwave-assisted conditions 512:540 microwave-assisted conditions 512:540 In this paper, immobilized silver nano-particles were synthesized in the presence of chitin nano-crystals (CNC) based on the Tollens mechanism (reduction of silver ion by aldehydes in the chitosan oligosaccharides (COS)) under microwave-assisted conditions. 27474631 3 12 theme Ag 556:557 arg1 nano-composites 574:588 The prepared Ag NPs-loaded CNC nano-composites 543:588 The prepared Ag NPs-loaded CNC nano-composites 543:588 The prepared Ag NPs-loaded CNC nano-composites were then applied onto the paper surface via coating for the preparation of antibacterial paper. 27474631 2 13 theme Tollens 410:416 arg1 mechanism 418:426 the Tollens mechanism 406:426 the Tollens mechanism (reduction of silver ion by aldehydes in the chitosan oligosaccharides (COS)) 406:504 In this paper, immobilized silver nano-particles were synthesized in the presence of chitin nano-crystals (CNC) based on the Tollens mechanism (reduction of silver ion by aldehydes in the chitosan oligosaccharides (COS)) under microwave-assisted conditions. 27474631 3 14 theme paper 680:684 arg1 preparation 651:661 the preparation 647:661 the preparation of antibacterial paper 647:684 The prepared Ag NPs-loaded CNC nano-composites were then applied onto the paper surface via coating for the preparation of antibacterial paper. 27474631 5 15 theme spherical 931:939 arg1 NPs 944:946 the spherical Ag NPs 927:946 the spherical Ag NPs (5-12nm) 927:955 The transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results further revealed that the spherical Ag NPs (5-12nm) were well dispersed on the surface of CNC. 27474631 5 15 theme spherical 931:939 arg1 5-12nm 949:954 5-12nm 949:954 5-12nm 949:954 The transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results further revealed that the spherical Ag NPs (5-12nm) were well dispersed on the surface of CNC. 27474631 3 16 theme prepared 547:554 arg1 nano-composites 574:588 The prepared Ag NPs-loaded CNC nano-composites 543:588 The prepared Ag NPs-loaded CNC nano-composites 543:588 The prepared Ag NPs-loaded CNC nano-composites were then applied onto the paper surface via coating for the preparation of antibacterial paper. 27474631 5 17 theme electron 871:878 arg1 microscopy 880:889 transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy 819:889 microscopy 880:889 The transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results further revealed that the spherical Ag NPs (5-12nm) were well dispersed on the surface of CNC. 27474631 5 18 theme Ag 941:942 arg1 NPs 944:946 the spherical Ag NPs 927:946 the spherical Ag NPs (5-12nm) 927:955 The transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results further revealed that the spherical Ag NPs (5-12nm) were well dispersed on the surface of CNC. 27474631 5 18 theme Ag 941:942 arg1 5-12nm 949:954 5-12nm 949:954 5-12nm 949:954 The transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results further revealed that the spherical Ag NPs (5-12nm) were well dispersed on the surface of CNC. 27474631 1 19 theme excellent 205:213 arg1 properties 229:238 excellent antimicrobial properties 205:238 excellent antimicrobial properties due to their unique surface characteristics 205:282 Immobilized silver nano-particles (Ag NPs) possess excellent antimicrobial properties due to their unique surface characteristics. 27474631 0 20 theme nano-particles 22:35 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation of silver nano-particles 0:35 Preparation of silver nano-particles immobilized onto chitin nano-crystals and their application to cellulose paper for imparting antimicrobial activity. 27474631 4 21 dep Fourier 687:693 arg1 transform 695:703 transform 695:703 transform infrared 695:712 Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed that the Ag NPs were immobilized onto the CNC. 27474631 6 22 theme NPs-loaded 1034:1043 arg1 nano-composites 1049:1063 the Ag NPs-loaded CNC nano-composites 1027:1063 the Ag NPs-loaded CNC nano-composites 1027:1063 The coated paper made from the Ag NPs-loaded CNC nano-composites exhibited a high effectiveness of the antibacterial activity against E. coli or S. aureus. 27474631 2 23 theme silver 442:447 arg1 ion 449:451 silver ion 442:451 silver ion 442:451 In this paper, immobilized silver nano-particles were synthesized in the presence of chitin nano-crystals (CNC) based on the Tollens mechanism (reduction of silver ion by aldehydes in the chitosan oligosaccharides (COS)) under microwave-assisted conditions. 27474631 2 24 theme ion 449:451 arg1 reduction 429:437 reduction 429:437 reduction of silver ion by aldehydes in the chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) 429:503 In this paper, immobilized silver nano-particles were synthesized in the presence of chitin nano-crystals (CNC) based on the Tollens mechanism (reduction of silver ion by aldehydes in the chitosan oligosaccharides (COS)) under microwave-assisted conditions. 27474631 0 25 theme antimicrobial 130:142 arg1 activity 144:151 antimicrobial activity 130:151 antimicrobial activity 130:151 Preparation of silver nano-particles immobilized onto chitin nano-crystals and their application to cellulose paper for imparting antimicrobial activity. 27474631 3 26 theme antibacterial 666:678 arg1 paper 680:684 antibacterial paper 666:684 antibacterial paper 666:684 The prepared Ag NPs-loaded CNC nano-composites were then applied onto the paper surface via coating for the preparation of antibacterial paper. 27474631 6 27 theme activity 1117:1124 arg1 effectiveness 1082:1094 a high effectiveness 1075:1094 a high effectiveness of the antibacterial activity against E. coli or S. aureus 1075:1153 The coated paper made from the Ag NPs-loaded CNC nano-composites exhibited a high effectiveness of the antibacterial activity against E. coli or S. aureus. 27474631 6 28 theme high 1077:1080 arg1 effectiveness 1082:1094 a high effectiveness 1075:1094 a high effectiveness of the antibacterial activity against E. coli or S. aureus 1075:1153 The coated paper made from the Ag NPs-loaded CNC nano-composites exhibited a high effectiveness of the antibacterial activity against E. coli or S. aureus. 27474631 4 29 theme X-ray 726:730 arg1 diffraction 732:742 X-ray diffraction 726:742 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 726:748 Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed that the Ag NPs were immobilized onto the CNC. 27474631 4 29 theme X-ray 726:730 arg1 XRD 745:747 XRD 745:747 XRD 745:747 Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed that the Ag NPs were immobilized onto the CNC. 27474631 1 30 contain possess 197:203 arg1 nano-particles 173:186 Immobilized silver nano-particles 154:186 Immobilized silver nano-particles (Ag NPs) 154:195 Immobilized silver nano-particles (Ag NPs) possess excellent antimicrobial properties due to their unique surface characteristics. 27474631 1 30 contain possess 197:203 arg2 properties 229:238 excellent antimicrobial properties 205:238 excellent antimicrobial properties due to their unique surface characteristics 205:282 Immobilized silver nano-particles (Ag NPs) possess excellent antimicrobial properties due to their unique surface characteristics. 27474631 1 30 contain possess 197:203 arg1 NPs 192:194 Ag NPs 189:194 Ag NPs 189:194 Immobilized silver nano-particles (Ag NPs) possess excellent antimicrobial properties due to their unique surface characteristics. 27474631 3 31 theme paper 617:621 arg1 surface 623:629 the paper surface 613:629 the paper surface 613:629 The prepared Ag NPs-loaded CNC nano-composites were then applied onto the paper surface via coating for the preparation of antibacterial paper. 27474631 5 32 theme microscopy 880:889 arg1 results 897:903 The transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results 815:903 The transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results 815:903 The transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results further revealed that the spherical Ag NPs (5-12nm) were well dispersed on the surface of CNC. 27474631 1 33 theme due 240:242 arg1 properties 229:238 excellent antimicrobial properties 205:238 excellent antimicrobial properties due to their unique surface characteristics 205:282 Immobilized silver nano-particles (Ag NPs) possess excellent antimicrobial properties due to their unique surface characteristics. 27474631 6 34 theme CNC 1045:1047 arg1 nano-composites 1049:1063 the Ag NPs-loaded CNC nano-composites 1027:1063 the Ag NPs-loaded CNC nano-composites 1027:1063 The coated paper made from the Ag NPs-loaded CNC nano-composites exhibited a high effectiveness of the antibacterial activity against E. coli or S. aureus. 27474631 5 35 theme transmission 819:830 arg1 TEM 853:855 TEM 853:855 TEM 853:855 The transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results further revealed that the spherical Ag NPs (5-12nm) were well dispersed on the surface of CNC. 27474631 5 35 theme transmission 819:830 arg1 microscope 841:850 transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy 819:889 microscope 841:850 The transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results further revealed that the spherical Ag NPs (5-12nm) were well dispersed on the surface of CNC. 27474631 5 35 theme transmission 819:830 arg1 SEM 892:894 SEM 892:894 SEM 892:894 The transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results further revealed that the spherical Ag NPs (5-12nm) were well dispersed on the surface of CNC. 27474631 6 36 theme coated 1004:1009 arg1 paper 1011:1015 The coated paper 1000:1015 The coated paper made from the Ag NPs-loaded CNC nano-composites 1000:1063 The coated paper made from the Ag NPs-loaded CNC nano-composites exhibited a high effectiveness of the antibacterial activity against E. coli or S. aureus. 27474631 2 37 theme chitosan 473:480 arg1 COS 500:502 COS 500:502 COS 500:502 In this paper, immobilized silver nano-particles were synthesized in the presence of chitin nano-crystals (CNC) based on the Tollens mechanism (reduction of silver ion by aldehydes in the chitosan oligosaccharides (COS)) under microwave-assisted conditions. 27474631 2 37 theme chitosan 473:480 arg1 oligosaccharides 482:497 the chitosan oligosaccharides 469:497 the chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) 469:503 In this paper, immobilized silver nano-particles were synthesized in the presence of chitin nano-crystals (CNC) based on the Tollens mechanism (reduction of silver ion by aldehydes in the chitosan oligosaccharides (COS)) under microwave-assisted conditions. 27474631 5 38 theme electron 832:839 arg1 TEM 853:855 TEM 853:855 TEM 853:855 The transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results further revealed that the spherical Ag NPs (5-12nm) were well dispersed on the surface of CNC. 27474631 5 38 theme electron 832:839 arg1 microscope 841:850 transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy 819:889 microscope 841:850 The transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results further revealed that the spherical Ag NPs (5-12nm) were well dispersed on the surface of CNC. 27474631 5 38 theme electron 832:839 arg1 SEM 892:894 SEM 892:894 SEM 892:894 The transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results further revealed that the spherical Ag NPs (5-12nm) were well dispersed on the surface of CNC. 27474631 2 39 theme nano-crystals 377:389 arg1 presence 358:365 the presence 354:365 the presence of chitin nano-crystals (CNC) based on the Tollens mechanism (reduction of silver ion by aldehydes in the chitosan oligosaccharides (COS)) 354:504 In this paper, immobilized silver nano-particles were synthesized in the presence of chitin nano-crystals (CNC) based on the Tollens mechanism (reduction of silver ion by aldehydes in the chitosan oligosaccharides (COS)) under microwave-assisted conditions. 27474631 0 40 theme chitin 54:59 arg1 nano-crystals 61:73 chitin nano-crystals 54:73 chitin nano-crystals 54:73 Preparation of silver nano-particles immobilized onto chitin nano-crystals and their application to cellulose paper for imparting antimicrobial activity. 27474631 2 41 theme chitin 370:375 arg1 CNC 392:394 CNC 392:394 CNC 392:394 In this paper, immobilized silver nano-particles were synthesized in the presence of chitin nano-crystals (CNC) based on the Tollens mechanism (reduction of silver ion by aldehydes in the chitosan oligosaccharides (COS)) under microwave-assisted conditions. 27474631 2 41 theme chitin 370:375 arg1 nano-crystals 377:389 chitin nano-crystals 370:389 chitin nano-crystals (CNC) based on the Tollens mechanism (reduction of silver ion by aldehydes in the chitosan oligosaccharides (COS)) 370:504 In this paper, immobilized silver nano-particles were synthesized in the presence of chitin nano-crystals (CNC) based on the Tollens mechanism (reduction of silver ion by aldehydes in the chitosan oligosaccharides (COS)) under microwave-assisted conditions. 27474631 5 42 theme CNC 995:997 arg1 surface 984:990 the surface 980:990 the surface of CNC 980:997 The transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results further revealed that the spherical Ag NPs (5-12nm) were well dispersed on the surface of CNC. 27474631 4 43 theme Ag 777:778 arg1 NPs 780:782 the Ag NPs 773:782 the Ag NPs 773:782 Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed that the Ag NPs were immobilized onto the CNC. 27474631 2 44 from reduction 429:437 arg1 COS 500:502 COS 500:502 COS 500:502 In this paper, immobilized silver nano-particles were synthesized in the presence of chitin nano-crystals (CNC) based on the Tollens mechanism (reduction of silver ion by aldehydes in the chitosan oligosaccharides (COS)) under microwave-assisted conditions. 27474631 2 44 from reduction 429:437 arg1 oligosaccharides 482:497 the chitosan oligosaccharides 469:497 the chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) 469:503 In this paper, immobilized silver nano-particles were synthesized in the presence of chitin nano-crystals (CNC) based on the Tollens mechanism (reduction of silver ion by aldehydes in the chitosan oligosaccharides (COS)) under microwave-assisted conditions. 27474631 1 45 theme Immobilized 154:164 arg1 nano-particles 173:186 Immobilized silver nano-particles 154:186 Immobilized silver nano-particles (Ag NPs) 154:195 Immobilized silver nano-particles (Ag NPs) possess excellent antimicrobial properties due to their unique surface characteristics. 27474631 1 45 theme Immobilized 154:164 arg1 NPs 192:194 Ag NPs 189:194 Ag NPs 189:194 Immobilized silver nano-particles (Ag NPs) possess excellent antimicrobial properties due to their unique surface characteristics. 27474631 6 46 theme antibacterial 1103:1115 arg1 activity 1117:1124 the antibacterial activity 1099:1124 the antibacterial activity against E. coli or S. aureus 1099:1153 The coated paper made from the Ag NPs-loaded CNC nano-composites exhibited a high effectiveness of the antibacterial activity against E. coli or S. aureus. 27474631 1 47 theme unique 253:258 arg1 characteristics 268:282 their unique surface characteristics 247:282 their unique surface characteristics 247:282 Immobilized silver nano-particles (Ag NPs) possess excellent antimicrobial properties due to their unique surface characteristics. 27474631 2 48 dep mechanism 418:426 arg1 reduction 429:437 reduction 429:437 reduction of silver ion by aldehydes in the chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) 429:503 In this paper, immobilized silver nano-particles were synthesized in the presence of chitin nano-crystals (CNC) based on the Tollens mechanism (reduction of silver ion by aldehydes in the chitosan oligosaccharides (COS)) under microwave-assisted conditions. 27474631 1 49 theme antimicrobial 215:227 arg1 properties 229:238 excellent antimicrobial properties 205:238 excellent antimicrobial properties due to their unique surface characteristics 205:282 Immobilized silver nano-particles (Ag NPs) possess excellent antimicrobial properties due to their unique surface characteristics. 27474631 1 50 theme silver 166:171 arg1 nano-particles 173:186 Immobilized silver nano-particles 154:186 Immobilized silver nano-particles (Ag NPs) 154:195 Immobilized silver nano-particles (Ag NPs) possess excellent antimicrobial properties due to their unique surface characteristics. 27474631 1 50 theme silver 166:171 arg1 NPs 192:194 Ag NPs 189:194 Ag NPs 189:194 Immobilized silver nano-particles (Ag NPs) possess excellent antimicrobial properties due to their unique surface characteristics. 27474631 5 51 theme scanning 862:869 arg1 microscopy 880:889 transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy 819:889 microscopy 880:889 The transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results further revealed that the spherical Ag NPs (5-12nm) were well dispersed on the surface of CNC. 27474631 1 52 theme surface 260:266 arg1 characteristics 268:282 their unique surface characteristics 247:282 their unique surface characteristics 247:282 Immobilized silver nano-particles (Ag NPs) possess excellent antimicrobial properties due to their unique surface characteristics. 27474631 0 53 theme silver 15:20 arg1 nano-particles 22:35 silver nano-particles 15:35 silver nano-particles 15:35 Preparation of silver nano-particles immobilized onto chitin nano-crystals and their application to cellulose paper for imparting antimicrobial activity. 27261744 1 0 theme inversion 197:205 arg1 procedure 207:215 two step phase inversion procedure 182:215 two step phase inversion procedure 182:215 Cellulose acetate/Polyethylene glycol-600 composite membranes were fabricated by two step phase inversion procedure and modified by in-situ reduction of silver nitrate. 27261744 5 1 theme surface 781:787 arg1 roughness 789:797 the surface roughness 777:797 the surface roughness of the membranes 777:814 The atomic force microscopy was used to determine the increase in the surface roughness of the membranes. 27261744 6 2 theme silver 913:918 arg1 embedment 900:908 the embedment 896:908 the embedment of silver 896:918 The increase in hydrophilicity, measured through contact angle, is rendered to the embedment of silver. 27261744 7 3 from 0.80 975:978 arg1 flux 965:968 the flux 961:968 the flux from 0.80 to 0.95L/hr 961:990 The modification of membranes increased the flux from 0.80 to 0.95L/hr. 27261744 2 4 from 370cm 368:372 arg1 oxygen 358:363 oxygen 358:363 oxygen at 370cm(-1), 535cm(-1) 358:387 FTIR spectra demonstrated the existence of functional groups for bonding of silver with oxygen at 370cm(-1), 535cm(-1). 27261744 3 5 theme silver 540:545 arg1 incorporation 523:535 the successful incorporation 508:535 the successful incorporation of silver within matrix of composite membranes 508:582 The XRD diffractogram indicates characteristic peaks at 2θ values of 38.10°, 44.30°, 64.40°, and 77.30° which confirm the successful incorporation of silver within matrix of composite membranes. 27261744 3 6 theme composite 564:572 arg1 membranes 574:582 composite membranes 564:582 composite membranes 564:582 The XRD diffractogram indicates characteristic peaks at 2θ values of 38.10°, 44.30°, 64.40°, and 77.30° which confirm the successful incorporation of silver within matrix of composite membranes. 27261744 5 7 used used 743:746 arg2 microscopy 728:737 The atomic force microscopy 711:737 The atomic force microscopy 711:737 The atomic force microscopy was used to determine the increase in the surface roughness of the membranes. 27261744 0 8 theme Self-sterilized 0:14 arg1 membranes 26:34 Self-sterilized composite membranes 0:34 Self-sterilized composite membranes of cellulose 0:47 Self-sterilized composite membranes of cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol for water desalination. 27261744 7 9 theme membranes 941:949 arg1 modification 925:936 The modification 921:936 The modification of membranes 921:949 The modification of membranes increased the flux from 0.80 to 0.95L/hr. 27261744 1 10 theme Cellulose 101:109 arg1 membranes 153:161 Cellulose acetate/Polyethylene glycol-600 composite membranes 101:161 Cellulose acetate/Polyethylene glycol-600 composite membranes 101:161 Cellulose acetate/Polyethylene glycol-600 composite membranes were fabricated by two step phase inversion procedure and modified by in-situ reduction of silver nitrate. 27261744 9 11 theme negative 1069:1076 arg1 gram 1064:1067 gram negative Escherichia Coli 1064:1093 gram negative Escherichia Coli 1064:1093 The resulting membranes have outstanding ability to fight against gram negative Escherichia Coli and Bacillus Sabtilus. 27261744 0 12 theme composite 16:24 arg1 membranes 26:34 Self-sterilized composite membranes 0:34 Self-sterilized composite membranes of cellulose 0:47 Self-sterilized composite membranes of cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol for water desalination. 27261744 6 13 from increase 821:828 arg1 hydrophilicity 833:846 hydrophilicity 833:846 hydrophilicity 833:846 The increase in hydrophilicity, measured through contact angle, is rendered to the embedment of silver. 27261744 1 14 theme acetate/Polyethylene 111:130 arg1 membranes 153:161 Cellulose acetate/Polyethylene glycol-600 composite membranes 101:161 Cellulose acetate/Polyethylene glycol-600 composite membranes 101:161 Cellulose acetate/Polyethylene glycol-600 composite membranes were fabricated by two step phase inversion procedure and modified by in-situ reduction of silver nitrate. 27261744 9 15 theme Escherichia 1078:1088 arg1 gram 1064:1067 gram negative Escherichia Coli 1064:1093 gram negative Escherichia Coli 1064:1093 The resulting membranes have outstanding ability to fight against gram negative Escherichia Coli and Bacillus Sabtilus. 27261744 4 16 theme scanning 681:688 arg1 microscope 699:708 the scanning electron microscope 677:708 the scanning electron microscope 677:708 The morphology of composite membranes with appearances of spongy voids was exemplified from the scanning electron microscope. 27261744 3 17 theme XRD 394:396 arg1 diffractogram 398:410 The XRD diffractogram 390:410 The XRD diffractogram 390:410 The XRD diffractogram indicates characteristic peaks at 2θ values of 38.10°, 44.30°, 64.40°, and 77.30° which confirm the successful incorporation of silver within matrix of composite membranes. 27261744 10 18 theme cellulose 1128:1136 arg1 membranes 1166:1174 The novel cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol membranes 1118:1174 The novel cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol membranes customized with silver 1118:1197 The novel cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol membranes customized with silver have paved the path for evolution of axenic membranes. 27261744 1 19 theme glycol-600 132:141 arg1 membranes 153:161 Cellulose acetate/Polyethylene glycol-600 composite membranes 101:161 Cellulose acetate/Polyethylene glycol-600 composite membranes 101:161 Cellulose acetate/Polyethylene glycol-600 composite membranes were fabricated by two step phase inversion procedure and modified by in-situ reduction of silver nitrate. 27261744 3 20 theme 2θ 446:447 arg1 values 449:454 2θ values 446:454 2θ values of 38.10°, 44.30°, 64.40°, and 77.30° which confirm the successful incorporation of silver within matrix of composite membranes 446:582 The XRD diffractogram indicates characteristic peaks at 2θ values of 38.10°, 44.30°, 64.40°, and 77.30° which confirm the successful incorporation of silver within matrix of composite membranes. 27261744 10 21 theme novel 1122:1126 arg1 membranes 1166:1174 The novel cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol membranes 1118:1174 The novel cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol membranes customized with silver 1118:1197 The novel cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol membranes customized with silver have paved the path for evolution of axenic membranes. 27261744 5 22 theme atomic 715:720 arg1 microscopy 728:737 The atomic force microscopy 711:737 The atomic force microscopy 711:737 The atomic force microscopy was used to determine the increase in the surface roughness of the membranes. 27261744 1 23 theme composite 143:151 arg1 membranes 153:161 Cellulose acetate/Polyethylene glycol-600 composite membranes 101:161 Cellulose acetate/Polyethylene glycol-600 composite membranes 101:161 Cellulose acetate/Polyethylene glycol-600 composite membranes were fabricated by two step phase inversion procedure and modified by in-situ reduction of silver nitrate. 27261744 3 24 theme 44.30° 467:472 arg1 values 449:454 2θ values 446:454 2θ values of 38.10°, 44.30°, 64.40°, and 77.30° which confirm the successful incorporation of silver within matrix of composite membranes 446:582 The XRD diffractogram indicates characteristic peaks at 2θ values of 38.10°, 44.30°, 64.40°, and 77.30° which confirm the successful incorporation of silver within matrix of composite membranes. 27261744 3 25 theme membranes 574:582 arg1 matrix 554:559 matrix 554:559 matrix of composite membranes 554:582 The XRD diffractogram indicates characteristic peaks at 2θ values of 38.10°, 44.30°, 64.40°, and 77.30° which confirm the successful incorporation of silver within matrix of composite membranes. 27261744 5 26 theme force 722:726 arg1 microscopy 728:737 The atomic force microscopy 711:737 The atomic force microscopy 711:737 The atomic force microscopy was used to determine the increase in the surface roughness of the membranes. 27261744 9 27 contain have 1022:1025 arg1 membranes 1012:1020 The resulting membranes 998:1020 The resulting membranes 998:1020 The resulting membranes have outstanding ability to fight against gram negative Escherichia Coli and Bacillus Sabtilus. 27261744 9 27 contain have 1022:1025 arg2 ability 1039:1045 outstanding ability 1027:1045 outstanding ability 1027:1045 The resulting membranes have outstanding ability to fight against gram negative Escherichia Coli and Bacillus Sabtilus. 27261744 2 28 theme silver 346:351 arg1 bonding 335:341 bonding 335:341 bonding of silver with oxygen at 370cm(-1), 535cm(-1) 335:387 FTIR spectra demonstrated the existence of functional groups for bonding of silver with oxygen at 370cm(-1), 535cm(-1). 27261744 3 29 theme characteristic 422:435 arg1 peaks 437:441 characteristic peaks 422:441 characteristic peaks at 2θ values of 38.10°, 44.30°, 64.40°, and 77.30° which confirm the successful incorporation of silver within matrix of composite membranes 422:582 The XRD diffractogram indicates characteristic peaks at 2θ values of 38.10°, 44.30°, 64.40°, and 77.30° which confirm the successful incorporation of silver within matrix of composite membranes. 27261744 3 30 theme 38.10° 459:464 arg1 values 449:454 2θ values 446:454 2θ values of 38.10°, 44.30°, 64.40°, and 77.30° which confirm the successful incorporation of silver within matrix of composite membranes 446:582 The XRD diffractogram indicates characteristic peaks at 2θ values of 38.10°, 44.30°, 64.40°, and 77.30° which confirm the successful incorporation of silver within matrix of composite membranes. 27261744 1 31 theme in-situ 233:239 arg1 reduction 241:249 in-situ reduction 233:249 in-situ reduction of silver nitrate 233:267 Cellulose acetate/Polyethylene glycol-600 composite membranes were fabricated by two step phase inversion procedure and modified by in-situ reduction of silver nitrate. 27261744 1 32 theme silver 254:259 arg1 nitrate 261:267 silver nitrate 254:267 silver nitrate 254:267 Cellulose acetate/Polyethylene glycol-600 composite membranes were fabricated by two step phase inversion procedure and modified by in-situ reduction of silver nitrate. 27261744 0 33 theme cellulose 39:47 arg1 membranes 26:34 Self-sterilized composite membranes 0:34 Self-sterilized composite membranes of cellulose 0:47 Self-sterilized composite membranes of cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol for water desalination. 27261744 10 34 theme customized 1176:1185 arg1 membranes 1166:1174 The novel cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol membranes 1118:1174 The novel cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol membranes customized with silver 1118:1197 The novel cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol membranes customized with silver have paved the path for evolution of axenic membranes. 27261744 1 35 theme nitrate 261:267 arg1 reduction 241:249 in-situ reduction 233:249 in-situ reduction of silver nitrate 233:267 Cellulose acetate/Polyethylene glycol-600 composite membranes were fabricated by two step phase inversion procedure and modified by in-situ reduction of silver nitrate. 27261744 6 36 theme contact 866:872 arg1 angle 874:878 contact angle 866:878 contact angle 866:878 The increase in hydrophilicity, measured through contact angle, is rendered to the embedment of silver. 27261744 2 37 theme FTIR 270:273 arg1 spectra 275:281 FTIR spectra 270:281 FTIR spectra 270:281 FTIR spectra demonstrated the existence of functional groups for bonding of silver with oxygen at 370cm(-1), 535cm(-1). 27261744 9 38 dep Escherichia 1078:1088 arg1 Coli 1090:1093 Coli 1090:1093 Coli 1090:1093 The resulting membranes have outstanding ability to fight against gram negative Escherichia Coli and Bacillus Sabtilus. 27261744 5 39 theme membranes 806:814 arg1 roughness 789:797 the surface roughness 777:797 the surface roughness of the membranes 777:814 The atomic force microscopy was used to determine the increase in the surface roughness of the membranes. 27261744 10 40 theme glycol 1159:1164 arg1 membranes 1166:1174 The novel cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol membranes 1118:1174 The novel cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol membranes customized with silver 1118:1197 The novel cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol membranes customized with silver have paved the path for evolution of axenic membranes. 27261744 3 41 theme 77.30° 487:492 arg1 values 449:454 2θ values 446:454 2θ values of 38.10°, 44.30°, 64.40°, and 77.30° which confirm the successful incorporation of silver within matrix of composite membranes 446:582 The XRD diffractogram indicates characteristic peaks at 2θ values of 38.10°, 44.30°, 64.40°, and 77.30° which confirm the successful incorporation of silver within matrix of composite membranes. 27261744 10 42 theme acetate/polyethylene 1138:1157 arg1 membranes 1166:1174 The novel cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol membranes 1118:1174 The novel cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol membranes customized with silver 1118:1197 The novel cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol membranes customized with silver have paved the path for evolution of axenic membranes. 27261744 2 43 theme functional 313:322 arg1 groups 324:329 functional groups 313:329 functional groups for bonding of silver with oxygen at 370cm(-1), 535cm(-1) 313:387 FTIR spectra demonstrated the existence of functional groups for bonding of silver with oxygen at 370cm(-1), 535cm(-1). 27261744 4 44 theme electron 690:697 arg1 microscope 699:708 the scanning electron microscope 677:708 the scanning electron microscope 677:708 The morphology of composite membranes with appearances of spongy voids was exemplified from the scanning electron microscope. 27261744 3 45 theme 64.40° 475:480 arg1 values 449:454 2θ values 446:454 2θ values of 38.10°, 44.30°, 64.40°, and 77.30° which confirm the successful incorporation of silver within matrix of composite membranes 446:582 The XRD diffractogram indicates characteristic peaks at 2θ values of 38.10°, 44.30°, 64.40°, and 77.30° which confirm the successful incorporation of silver within matrix of composite membranes. 27261744 9 46 theme resulting 1002:1010 arg1 membranes 1012:1020 The resulting membranes 998:1020 The resulting membranes 998:1020 The resulting membranes have outstanding ability to fight against gram negative Escherichia Coli and Bacillus Sabtilus. 27261744 4 47 theme membranes 613:621 arg1 morphology 589:598 The morphology 585:598 The morphology of composite membranes with appearances of spongy voids 585:654 The morphology of composite membranes with appearances of spongy voids was exemplified from the scanning electron microscope. 27261744 2 48 theme groups 324:329 arg1 existence 300:308 the existence 296:308 the existence of functional groups for bonding of silver with oxygen at 370cm(-1), 535cm(-1) 296:387 FTIR spectra demonstrated the existence of functional groups for bonding of silver with oxygen at 370cm(-1), 535cm(-1). 27261744 5 49 from increase 765:772 arg1 roughness 789:797 the surface roughness 777:797 the surface roughness of the membranes 777:814 The atomic force microscopy was used to determine the increase in the surface roughness of the membranes. 27261744 4 50 with morphology 589:598 arg1 appearances 628:638 appearances 628:638 appearances of spongy voids 628:654 The morphology of composite membranes with appearances of spongy voids was exemplified from the scanning electron microscope. 27261744 3 51 theme successful 512:521 arg1 incorporation 523:535 the successful incorporation 508:535 the successful incorporation of silver within matrix of composite membranes 508:582 The XRD diffractogram indicates characteristic peaks at 2θ values of 38.10°, 44.30°, 64.40°, and 77.30° which confirm the successful incorporation of silver within matrix of composite membranes. 27261744 10 52 theme axenic 1236:1241 arg1 membranes 1243:1251 axenic membranes 1236:1251 axenic membranes 1236:1251 The novel cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol membranes customized with silver have paved the path for evolution of axenic membranes. 27261744 4 53 theme composite 603:611 arg1 membranes 613:621 composite membranes 603:621 composite membranes 603:621 The morphology of composite membranes with appearances of spongy voids was exemplified from the scanning electron microscope. 27261744 4 54 theme voids 650:654 arg1 appearances 628:638 appearances 628:638 appearances of spongy voids 628:654 The morphology of composite membranes with appearances of spongy voids was exemplified from the scanning electron microscope. 27261744 10 55 with customized 1176:1185 arg1 silver 1192:1197 silver 1192:1197 silver 1192:1197 The novel cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol membranes customized with silver have paved the path for evolution of axenic membranes. 27261744 4 56 theme spongy 643:648 arg1 voids 650:654 spongy voids 643:654 spongy voids 643:654 The morphology of composite membranes with appearances of spongy voids was exemplified from the scanning electron microscope. 27261744 1 57 theme step 186:189 arg1 procedure 207:215 two step phase inversion procedure 182:215 two step phase inversion procedure 182:215 Cellulose acetate/Polyethylene glycol-600 composite membranes were fabricated by two step phase inversion procedure and modified by in-situ reduction of silver nitrate. 27261744 10 58 theme membranes 1243:1251 arg1 evolution 1223:1231 evolution 1223:1231 evolution of axenic membranes 1223:1251 The novel cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol membranes customized with silver have paved the path for evolution of axenic membranes. 27261744 0 59 theme water 81:85 arg1 desalination 87:98 water desalination 81:98 water desalination 81:98 Self-sterilized composite membranes of cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol for water desalination. 27261744 3 60 from values 449:454 arg1 peaks 437:441 characteristic peaks 422:441 characteristic peaks at 2θ values of 38.10°, 44.30°, 64.40°, and 77.30° which confirm the successful incorporation of silver within matrix of composite membranes 422:582 The XRD diffractogram indicates characteristic peaks at 2θ values of 38.10°, 44.30°, 64.40°, and 77.30° which confirm the successful incorporation of silver within matrix of composite membranes. 27261744 1 61 theme phase 191:195 arg1 procedure 207:215 two step phase inversion procedure 182:215 two step phase inversion procedure 182:215 Cellulose acetate/Polyethylene glycol-600 composite membranes were fabricated by two step phase inversion procedure and modified by in-situ reduction of silver nitrate. 27261744 9 62 theme outstanding 1027:1037 arg1 ability 1039:1045 outstanding ability 1027:1045 outstanding ability 1027:1045 The resulting membranes have outstanding ability to fight against gram negative Escherichia Coli and Bacillus Sabtilus. 27261744 2 63 with bonding 335:341 arg1 oxygen 358:363 oxygen 358:363 oxygen at 370cm(-1), 535cm(-1) 358:387 FTIR spectra demonstrated the existence of functional groups for bonding of silver with oxygen at 370cm(-1), 535cm(-1). 27188779 8 0 theme basic 1126:1130 arg1 pretreatments 1132:1144 Acid and basic pretreatments 1117:1144 pretreatments 1132:1144 Acid and basic pretreatments applied to the polymer further improve the process efficiency, and the exposure to an alkaline solution seems to alter the RPS conformation. 27188779 1 1 theme RPS 139:141 arg1 sites 151:155 RPS binding sites 139:155 RPS binding sites 139:155 CCY 0110 as biosorbent for heavy metals bioremediation: interactions between metals and RPS binding sites. 27188779 4 2 theme various 592:598 arg1 fractions 608:616 various culture fractions 592:616 various culture fractions of the unicellular cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp 592:664 In this work, various culture fractions of the unicellular cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp. 27188779 6 3 theme efficient 913:921 arg1 polysaccharides 877:891 the released polysaccharides 864:891 the released polysaccharides (RPS) 864:897 Our study showed that the released polysaccharides (RPS) were the most efficient fraction, removing the metal(s) by biosorption. 27188779 6 3 theme efficient 913:921 arg1 fraction 923:930 the most efficient fraction 904:930 the most efficient fraction 904:930 Our study showed that the released polysaccharides (RPS) were the most efficient fraction, removing the metal(s) by biosorption. 27188779 2 4 theme cations 358:364 arg1 use 290:292 the use 286:292 the use of renewable resources and efficiencies of removal particularly cations 286:364 Bioremediation of heavy metals using microorganisms can be advantageous compared to conventional physicochemical methods due to the use of renewable resources and efficiencies of removal particularly cations at low concentrations. 27188779 10 5 theme efficient 1520:1528 arg1 RPS-producer 1530:1541 a highly efficient RPS-producer 1511:1541 a highly efficient RPS-producer 1511:1541 Considering that Cyanothece is a highly efficient RPS-producer and that RPS can be easily separated from the culture, immobilized or confined, this polymer can be advantageous for the establishment/improvement of heavy metal removal systems. 27188779 10 5 theme efficient 1520:1528 arg1 Cyanothece 1497:1506 Cyanothece 1497:1506 Cyanothece 1497:1506 Considering that Cyanothece is a highly efficient RPS-producer and that RPS can be easily separated from the culture, immobilized or confined, this polymer can be advantageous for the establishment/improvement of heavy metal removal systems. 27188779 5 6 from pollutants 754:763 arg1 bodies-copper 774:786 water bodies-copper 768:786 water bodies-copper 768:786 CCY 0110 were employed in bioremoval assays using three of the most common heavy metal pollutants in water bodies-copper, cadmium, and lead-separately or in combined systems. 27188779 5 6 from pollutants 754:763 arg1 systems 833:839 combined systems 824:839 combined systems 824:839 CCY 0110 were employed in bioremoval assays using three of the most common heavy metal pollutants in water bodies-copper, cadmium, and lead-separately or in combined systems. 27188779 5 7 theme heavy 742:746 arg1 pollutants 754:763 three of the most common heavy metal pollutants 717:763 three of the most common heavy metal pollutants in water bodies-copper, cadmium, and lead-separately or in combined systems 717:839 CCY 0110 were employed in bioremoval assays using three of the most common heavy metal pollutants in water bodies-copper, cadmium, and lead-separately or in combined systems. 27188779 9 8 theme functional 1386:1395 arg1 hydroxyl 1435:1442 hydroxyl 1435:1442 hydroxyl 1435:1442 The differences observed in the specific metal bioremoval seem to be mainly due to the RPS organic functional groups available, mainly carboxyl and hydroxyl, than to an ion exchange mechanism. 27188779 9 8 theme functional 1386:1395 arg1 carboxyl 1422:1429 carboxyl 1422:1429 carboxyl 1422:1429 The differences observed in the specific metal bioremoval seem to be mainly due to the RPS organic functional groups available, mainly carboxyl and hydroxyl, than to an ion exchange mechanism. 27188779 9 8 theme functional 1386:1395 arg1 groups 1397:1402 the RPS organic functional groups 1370:1402 the RPS organic functional groups available 1370:1412 The differences observed in the specific metal bioremoval seem to be mainly due to the RPS organic functional groups available, mainly carboxyl and hydroxyl, than to an ion exchange mechanism. 27188779 5 9 theme metal 748:752 arg1 pollutants 754:763 three of the most common heavy metal pollutants 717:763 three of the most common heavy metal pollutants in water bodies-copper, cadmium, and lead-separately or in combined systems 717:839 CCY 0110 were employed in bioremoval assays using three of the most common heavy metal pollutants in water bodies-copper, cadmium, and lead-separately or in combined systems. 27188779 9 10 theme exchange 1460:1467 arg1 mechanism 1469:1477 an ion exchange mechanism 1453:1477 an ion exchange mechanism 1453:1477 The differences observed in the specific metal bioremoval seem to be mainly due to the RPS organic functional groups available, mainly carboxyl and hydroxyl, than to an ion exchange mechanism. 27188779 3 11 theme polymers 568:575 arg1 nature 525:530 anionic nature 517:530 anionic nature 517:530 In this context, cyanobacteria/cyanobacterial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) emerge as a valid alternative due to the anionic nature and particular composition of these polymers. 27188779 3 11 theme polymers 568:575 arg1 composition 547:557 particular composition 536:557 particular composition 536:557 In this context, cyanobacteria/cyanobacterial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) emerge as a valid alternative due to the anionic nature and particular composition of these polymers. 27188779 3 12 theme anionic 517:523 arg1 nature 525:530 anionic nature 517:530 anionic nature 517:530 In this context, cyanobacteria/cyanobacterial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) emerge as a valid alternative due to the anionic nature and particular composition of these polymers. 27188779 4 13 theme culture 600:606 arg1 fractions 608:616 various culture fractions 592:616 various culture fractions of the unicellular cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp 592:664 In this work, various culture fractions of the unicellular cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp. 27188779 4 14 theme Cyanothece 652:661 arg1 sp 663:664 the unicellular cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp 621:664 the unicellular cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp 621:664 In this work, various culture fractions of the unicellular cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp. 27188779 1 15 dep bioremediation 91:104 arg1 interactions 107:118 interactions 107:118 interactions between metals and RPS binding sites 107:155 CCY 0110 as biosorbent for heavy metals bioremediation: interactions between metals and RPS binding sites. 27188779 1 15 dep bioremediation 91:104 arg1 CCY 51:53 CCY 51:53 CCY 51:53 CCY 0110 as biosorbent for heavy metals bioremediation: interactions between metals and RPS binding sites. 27188779 9 16 theme available 1404:1412 arg1 hydroxyl 1435:1442 hydroxyl 1435:1442 hydroxyl 1435:1442 The differences observed in the specific metal bioremoval seem to be mainly due to the RPS organic functional groups available, mainly carboxyl and hydroxyl, than to an ion exchange mechanism. 27188779 9 16 theme available 1404:1412 arg1 carboxyl 1422:1429 carboxyl 1422:1429 carboxyl 1422:1429 The differences observed in the specific metal bioremoval seem to be mainly due to the RPS organic functional groups available, mainly carboxyl and hydroxyl, than to an ion exchange mechanism. 27188779 9 16 theme available 1404:1412 arg1 groups 1397:1402 the RPS organic functional groups 1370:1402 the RPS organic functional groups available 1370:1412 The differences observed in the specific metal bioremoval seem to be mainly due to the RPS organic functional groups available, mainly carboxyl and hydroxyl, than to an ion exchange mechanism. 27188779 0 17 theme Cyanothece 36:45 arg1 sp 47:48 Cyanothece sp 36:48 Cyanothece sp 36:48 Released polysaccharides (RPS) from Cyanothece sp. 27188779 9 18 theme organic 1378:1384 arg1 hydroxyl 1435:1442 hydroxyl 1435:1442 hydroxyl 1435:1442 The differences observed in the specific metal bioremoval seem to be mainly due to the RPS organic functional groups available, mainly carboxyl and hydroxyl, than to an ion exchange mechanism. 27188779 9 18 theme organic 1378:1384 arg1 carboxyl 1422:1429 carboxyl 1422:1429 carboxyl 1422:1429 The differences observed in the specific metal bioremoval seem to be mainly due to the RPS organic functional groups available, mainly carboxyl and hydroxyl, than to an ion exchange mechanism. 27188779 9 18 theme organic 1378:1384 arg1 groups 1397:1402 the RPS organic functional groups 1370:1402 the RPS organic functional groups available 1370:1412 The differences observed in the specific metal bioremoval seem to be mainly due to the RPS organic functional groups available, mainly carboxyl and hydroxyl, than to an ion exchange mechanism. 27188779 9 19 theme RPS 1374:1376 arg1 hydroxyl 1435:1442 hydroxyl 1435:1442 hydroxyl 1435:1442 The differences observed in the specific metal bioremoval seem to be mainly due to the RPS organic functional groups available, mainly carboxyl and hydroxyl, than to an ion exchange mechanism. 27188779 9 19 theme RPS 1374:1376 arg1 carboxyl 1422:1429 carboxyl 1422:1429 carboxyl 1422:1429 The differences observed in the specific metal bioremoval seem to be mainly due to the RPS organic functional groups available, mainly carboxyl and hydroxyl, than to an ion exchange mechanism. 27188779 9 19 theme RPS 1374:1376 arg1 groups 1397:1402 the RPS organic functional groups 1370:1402 the RPS organic functional groups available 1370:1412 The differences observed in the specific metal bioremoval seem to be mainly due to the RPS organic functional groups available, mainly carboxyl and hydroxyl, than to an ion exchange mechanism. 27188779 10 20 theme removal 1705:1711 arg1 systems 1713:1719 heavy metal removal systems 1693:1719 heavy metal removal systems 1693:1719 Considering that Cyanothece is a highly efficient RPS-producer and that RPS can be easily separated from the culture, immobilized or confined, this polymer can be advantageous for the establishment/improvement of heavy metal removal systems. 27188779 3 21 theme particular 536:545 arg1 composition 547:557 particular composition 536:557 particular composition 536:557 In this context, cyanobacteria/cyanobacterial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) emerge as a valid alternative due to the anionic nature and particular composition of these polymers. 27188779 8 22 theme Acid 1117:1120 arg1 pretreatments 1132:1144 Acid and basic pretreatments 1117:1144 pretreatments 1132:1144 Acid and basic pretreatments applied to the polymer further improve the process efficiency, and the exposure to an alkaline solution seems to alter the RPS conformation. 27188779 5 23 theme combined 824:831 arg1 systems 833:839 combined systems 824:839 combined systems 824:839 CCY 0110 were employed in bioremoval assays using three of the most common heavy metal pollutants in water bodies-copper, cadmium, and lead-separately or in combined systems. 27188779 5 24 theme CCY 667:669 arg1 0110 671:674 CCY 0110 667:674 CCY 0110 667:674 CCY 0110 were employed in bioremoval assays using three of the most common heavy metal pollutants in water bodies-copper, cadmium, and lead-separately or in combined systems. 27188779 2 25 from concentrations 373:386 arg1 advantageous 217:228 advantageous 217:228 advantageous 217:228 Bioremediation of heavy metals using microorganisms can be advantageous compared to conventional physicochemical methods due to the use of renewable resources and efficiencies of removal particularly cations at low concentrations. 27188779 2 26 theme resources 307:315 arg1 use 290:292 the use 286:292 the use of renewable resources and efficiencies of removal particularly cations 286:364 Bioremediation of heavy metals using microorganisms can be advantageous compared to conventional physicochemical methods due to the use of renewable resources and efficiencies of removal particularly cations at low concentrations. 27188779 8 27 theme alkaline 1232:1239 arg1 solution 1241:1248 an alkaline solution 1229:1248 an alkaline solution 1229:1248 Acid and basic pretreatments applied to the polymer further improve the process efficiency, and the exposure to an alkaline solution seems to alter the RPS conformation. 27188779 5 28 theme of 723:724 arg1 pollutants 754:763 three of the most common heavy metal pollutants 717:763 three of the most common heavy metal pollutants in water bodies-copper, cadmium, and lead-separately or in combined systems 717:839 CCY 0110 were employed in bioremoval assays using three of the most common heavy metal pollutants in water bodies-copper, cadmium, and lead-separately or in combined systems. 27188779 2 29 theme renewable 297:305 arg1 resources 307:315 renewable resources 297:315 renewable resources 297:315 Bioremediation of heavy metals using microorganisms can be advantageous compared to conventional physicochemical methods due to the use of renewable resources and efficiencies of removal particularly cations at low concentrations. 27188779 4 30 theme sp 663:664 arg1 fractions 608:616 various culture fractions 592:616 various culture fractions of the unicellular cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp 592:664 In this work, various culture fractions of the unicellular cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp. 27188779 3 31 dep nature 525:530 arg1 the 513:515 the 513:515 the 513:515 In this context, cyanobacteria/cyanobacterial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) emerge as a valid alternative due to the anionic nature and particular composition of these polymers. 27188779 9 32 theme specific 1319:1326 arg1 bioremoval 1334:1343 the specific metal bioremoval 1315:1343 the specific metal bioremoval 1315:1343 The differences observed in the specific metal bioremoval seem to be mainly due to the RPS organic functional groups available, mainly carboxyl and hydroxyl, than to an ion exchange mechanism. 27188779 7 33 theme binding 1069:1075 arg1 sites 1077:1081 the metals/RPS binding sites 1054:1081 the metals/RPS binding sites using SEM-EDX, ICP-OES, and FTIR 1054:1114 Therefore, this polymer was subsequently used to evaluate the interactions between the metals/RPS binding sites using SEM-EDX, ICP-OES, and FTIR. 27188779 4 34 dep fractions 608:616 arg1 work 586:589 this work 581:589 this work 581:589 In this work, various culture fractions of the unicellular cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp. 27188779 1 35 theme binding 143:149 arg1 sites 151:155 RPS binding sites 139:155 RPS binding sites 139:155 CCY 0110 as biosorbent for heavy metals bioremediation: interactions between metals and RPS binding sites. 27188779 9 36 located observed 1303:1310 arg2 differences 1291:1301 The differences 1287:1301 The differences observed in the specific metal bioremoval 1287:1343 The differences observed in the specific metal bioremoval seem to be mainly due to the RPS organic functional groups available, mainly carboxyl and hydroxyl, than to an ion exchange mechanism. 27188779 9 36 located observed 1303:1310 arg2 due 1363:1365 due 1363:1365 due 1363:1365 The differences observed in the specific metal bioremoval seem to be mainly due to the RPS organic functional groups available, mainly carboxyl and hydroxyl, than to an ion exchange mechanism. 27188779 9 36 located observed 1303:1310 arg1 bioremoval 1334:1343 the specific metal bioremoval 1315:1343 the specific metal bioremoval 1315:1343 The differences observed in the specific metal bioremoval seem to be mainly due to the RPS organic functional groups available, mainly carboxyl and hydroxyl, than to an ion exchange mechanism. 27188779 3 37 theme valid 488:492 arg1 alternative 494:504 a valid alternative 486:504 a valid alternative due to the anionic nature and particular composition of these polymers 486:575 In this context, cyanobacteria/cyanobacterial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) emerge as a valid alternative due to the anionic nature and particular composition of these polymers. 27188779 3 38 theme extracellular 435:447 arg1 EPS 471:473 EPS 471:473 EPS 471:473 In this context, cyanobacteria/cyanobacterial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) emerge as a valid alternative due to the anionic nature and particular composition of these polymers. 27188779 3 38 theme extracellular 435:447 arg1 substances 459:468 cyanobacteria/cyanobacterial extracellular polymeric substances 406:468 cyanobacteria/cyanobacterial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 406:474 In this context, cyanobacteria/cyanobacterial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) emerge as a valid alternative due to the anionic nature and particular composition of these polymers. 27188779 9 39 theme metal 1328:1332 arg1 bioremoval 1334:1343 the specific metal bioremoval 1315:1343 the specific metal bioremoval 1315:1343 The differences observed in the specific metal bioremoval seem to be mainly due to the RPS organic functional groups available, mainly carboxyl and hydroxyl, than to an ion exchange mechanism. 27188779 5 40 theme most 730:733 arg1 pollutants 754:763 three of the most common heavy metal pollutants 717:763 three of the most common heavy metal pollutants in water bodies-copper, cadmium, and lead-separately or in combined systems 717:839 CCY 0110 were employed in bioremoval assays using three of the most common heavy metal pollutants in water bodies-copper, cadmium, and lead-separately or in combined systems. 27188779 3 41 theme polymeric 449:457 arg1 EPS 471:473 EPS 471:473 EPS 471:473 In this context, cyanobacteria/cyanobacterial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) emerge as a valid alternative due to the anionic nature and particular composition of these polymers. 27188779 3 41 theme polymeric 449:457 arg1 substances 459:468 cyanobacteria/cyanobacterial extracellular polymeric substances 406:468 cyanobacteria/cyanobacterial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 406:474 In this context, cyanobacteria/cyanobacterial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) emerge as a valid alternative due to the anionic nature and particular composition of these polymers. 27188779 5 42 theme common 735:740 arg1 pollutants 754:763 three of the most common heavy metal pollutants 717:763 three of the most common heavy metal pollutants in water bodies-copper, cadmium, and lead-separately or in combined systems 717:839 CCY 0110 were employed in bioremoval assays using three of the most common heavy metal pollutants in water bodies-copper, cadmium, and lead-separately or in combined systems. 27188779 6 43 theme released 868:875 arg1 fraction 923:930 the most efficient fraction 904:930 the most efficient fraction 904:930 Our study showed that the released polysaccharides (RPS) were the most efficient fraction, removing the metal(s) by biosorption. 27188779 6 43 theme released 868:875 arg1 RPS 894:896 RPS 894:896 RPS 894:896 Our study showed that the released polysaccharides (RPS) were the most efficient fraction, removing the metal(s) by biosorption. 27188779 6 43 theme released 868:875 arg1 polysaccharides 877:891 the released polysaccharides 864:891 the released polysaccharides (RPS) 864:897 Our study showed that the released polysaccharides (RPS) were the most efficient fraction, removing the metal(s) by biosorption. 27188779 8 44 theme RPS 1269:1271 arg1 conformation 1273:1284 the RPS conformation 1265:1284 the RPS conformation 1265:1284 Acid and basic pretreatments applied to the polymer further improve the process efficiency, and the exposure to an alkaline solution seems to alter the RPS conformation. 27188779 10 45 theme heavy 1693:1697 arg1 systems 1713:1719 heavy metal removal systems 1693:1719 heavy metal removal systems 1693:1719 Considering that Cyanothece is a highly efficient RPS-producer and that RPS can be easily separated from the culture, immobilized or confined, this polymer can be advantageous for the establishment/improvement of heavy metal removal systems. 27188779 5 46 theme bioremoval 693:702 arg1 assays 704:709 bioremoval assays 693:709 bioremoval assays using three of the most common heavy metal pollutants in water bodies-copper, cadmium, and lead-separately or in combined systems 693:839 CCY 0110 were employed in bioremoval assays using three of the most common heavy metal pollutants in water bodies-copper, cadmium, and lead-separately or in combined systems. 27188779 3 47 theme cyanobacteria/cyanobacterial 406:433 arg1 EPS 471:473 EPS 471:473 EPS 471:473 In this context, cyanobacteria/cyanobacterial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) emerge as a valid alternative due to the anionic nature and particular composition of these polymers. 27188779 3 47 theme cyanobacteria/cyanobacterial 406:433 arg1 substances 459:468 cyanobacteria/cyanobacterial extracellular polymeric substances 406:468 cyanobacteria/cyanobacterial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 406:474 In this context, cyanobacteria/cyanobacterial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) emerge as a valid alternative due to the anionic nature and particular composition of these polymers. 27188779 7 48 theme metals/RPS 1058:1067 arg1 sites 1077:1081 the metals/RPS binding sites 1054:1081 the metals/RPS binding sites using SEM-EDX, ICP-OES, and FTIR 1054:1114 Therefore, this polymer was subsequently used to evaluate the interactions between the metals/RPS binding sites using SEM-EDX, ICP-OES, and FTIR. 27188779 10 49 theme systems 1713:1719 arg1 establishment/improvement 1664:1688 the establishment/improvement 1660:1688 the establishment/improvement of heavy metal removal systems 1660:1719 Considering that Cyanothece is a highly efficient RPS-producer and that RPS can be easily separated from the culture, immobilized or confined, this polymer can be advantageous for the establishment/improvement of heavy metal removal systems. 27188779 2 50 theme removal 337:343 arg1 cations 358:364 removal particularly cations 337:364 removal particularly cations 337:364 Bioremediation of heavy metals using microorganisms can be advantageous compared to conventional physicochemical methods due to the use of renewable resources and efficiencies of removal particularly cations at low concentrations. 27188779 9 51 theme ion 1456:1458 arg1 mechanism 1469:1477 an ion exchange mechanism 1453:1477 an ion exchange mechanism 1453:1477 The differences observed in the specific metal bioremoval seem to be mainly due to the RPS organic functional groups available, mainly carboxyl and hydroxyl, than to an ion exchange mechanism. 27188779 1 52 theme heavy 78:82 arg1 metals 84:89 heavy metals 78:89 heavy metals 78:89 CCY 0110 as biosorbent for heavy metals bioremediation: interactions between metals and RPS binding sites. 27188779 2 53 theme metals 182:187 arg1 Bioremediation 158:171 Bioremediation 158:171 Bioremediation of heavy metals using microorganisms 158:208 Bioremediation of heavy metals using microorganisms can be advantageous compared to conventional physicochemical methods due to the use of renewable resources and efficiencies of removal particularly cations at low concentrations. 27188779 2 54 theme physicochemical 255:269 arg1 methods 271:277 conventional physicochemical methods 242:277 conventional physicochemical methods 242:277 Bioremediation of heavy metals using microorganisms can be advantageous compared to conventional physicochemical methods due to the use of renewable resources and efficiencies of removal particularly cations at low concentrations. 27188779 2 55 theme efficiencies 321:332 arg1 use 290:292 the use 286:292 the use of renewable resources and efficiencies of removal particularly cations 286:364 Bioremediation of heavy metals using microorganisms can be advantageous compared to conventional physicochemical methods due to the use of renewable resources and efficiencies of removal particularly cations at low concentrations. 27188779 7 56 used used 1012:1015 arg2 polymer 987:993 this polymer 982:993 this polymer 982:993 Therefore, this polymer was subsequently used to evaluate the interactions between the metals/RPS binding sites using SEM-EDX, ICP-OES, and FTIR. 27188779 8 57 theme process 1189:1195 arg1 efficiency 1197:1206 the process efficiency 1185:1206 the process efficiency 1185:1206 Acid and basic pretreatments applied to the polymer further improve the process efficiency, and the exposure to an alkaline solution seems to alter the RPS conformation. 27188779 5 58 theme water 768:772 arg1 bodies-copper 774:786 water bodies-copper 768:786 water bodies-copper 768:786 CCY 0110 were employed in bioremoval assays using three of the most common heavy metal pollutants in water bodies-copper, cadmium, and lead-separately or in combined systems. 27188779 2 59 theme heavy 176:180 arg1 metals 182:187 heavy metals 176:187 heavy metals using microorganisms 176:208 Bioremediation of heavy metals using microorganisms can be advantageous compared to conventional physicochemical methods due to the use of renewable resources and efficiencies of removal particularly cations at low concentrations. 27188779 2 60 theme conventional 242:253 arg1 methods 271:277 conventional physicochemical methods 242:277 conventional physicochemical methods 242:277 Bioremediation of heavy metals using microorganisms can be advantageous compared to conventional physicochemical methods due to the use of renewable resources and efficiencies of removal particularly cations at low concentrations. 27188779 10 61 theme metal 1699:1703 arg1 systems 1713:1719 heavy metal removal systems 1693:1719 heavy metal removal systems 1693:1719 Considering that Cyanothece is a highly efficient RPS-producer and that RPS can be easily separated from the culture, immobilized or confined, this polymer can be advantageous for the establishment/improvement of heavy metal removal systems. 27188779 4 62 theme cyanobacterium 637:650 arg1 sp 663:664 the unicellular cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp 621:664 the unicellular cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp 621:664 In this work, various culture fractions of the unicellular cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp. 27188779 2 63 theme low 369:371 arg1 concentrations 373:386 low concentrations 369:386 low concentrations 369:386 Bioremediation of heavy metals using microorganisms can be advantageous compared to conventional physicochemical methods due to the use of renewable resources and efficiencies of removal particularly cations at low concentrations. 27188779 4 64 theme unicellular 625:635 arg1 sp 663:664 the unicellular cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp 621:664 the unicellular cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp 621:664 In this work, various culture fractions of the unicellular cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp. 24320239 7 0 theme 1E 1114:1115 arg1 growth 1037:1042 growth 1037:1042 growth of Lactobacillus plantarum MTCC 5422 and Lactobacillus salivarius CHS 1E 1037:1115 These oligosaccharides were tested in vitro for their ability to promote growth of Lactobacillus plantarum MTCC 5422 and Lactobacillus salivarius CHS 1E. 24320239 4 1 dep IU/mL 492:496 arg1 polyester 470:478 polyester 470:478 polyester 470:478 Under immobilized cell system, synthetic supports (polyurethane foam, scotch brite, polyester; up to 33.2 IU/mL) were found marginally superior as compared to natural supports (cotton and silk; up to 28.2 IU/mL) for endo-mannanase production. 24320239 4 1 dep IU/mL 492:496 arg1 foam 450:453 polyurethane foam 437:453 polyurethane foam 437:453 Under immobilized cell system, synthetic supports (polyurethane foam, scotch brite, polyester; up to 33.2 IU/mL) were found marginally superior as compared to natural supports (cotton and silk; up to 28.2 IU/mL) for endo-mannanase production. 24320239 4 1 dep IU/mL 492:496 arg1 brite 463:467 scotch brite 456:467 scotch brite 456:467 Under immobilized cell system, synthetic supports (polyurethane foam, scotch brite, polyester; up to 33.2 IU/mL) were found marginally superior as compared to natural supports (cotton and silk; up to 28.2 IU/mL) for endo-mannanase production. 24320239 7 2 dep Lactobacillus 1047:1059 arg1 plantarum 1061:1069 plantarum 1061:1069 plantarum 1061:1069 These oligosaccharides were tested in vitro for their ability to promote growth of Lactobacillus plantarum MTCC 5422 and Lactobacillus salivarius CHS 1E. 24320239 5 3 theme Cooperative 629:639 arg1 interactions 641:652 Cooperative interactions 629:652 Cooperative interactions between L-lysine HCl (0.3% w/v), Tween 60 (0.3% v/v), and sunflower oil cake (3.0% w/v) in central composite design response surface methodology 629:797 Cooperative interactions between L-lysine HCl (0.3% w/v), Tween 60 (0.3% v/v), and sunflower oil cake (3.0% w/v) in central composite design response surface methodology ameliorated (1.61-fold) endo-mannanase titers to 48.0 IU/mL. 24320239 5 4 theme design 763:768 arg1 methodology 787:797 central composite design response surface methodology 745:797 central composite design response surface methodology 745:797 Cooperative interactions between L-lysine HCl (0.3% w/v), Tween 60 (0.3% v/v), and sunflower oil cake (3.0% w/v) in central composite design response surface methodology ameliorated (1.61-fold) endo-mannanase titers to 48.0 IU/mL. 24320239 1 5 from generation 79:88 arg1 gum 120:122 guar gum 115:122 guar gum 115:122 CFR1601 and its application in generation of oligosaccharides from guar gum and as detergent additive. 24320239 8 6 theme ionization-mass 1452:1466 arg1 ESI-MS 1482:1487 ESI-MS 1482:1487 ESI-MS 1482:1487 Results indicated that low-molecular-weight degraded products from guar gum were (1) able to support the growth of tested strains [increased O.D600nm up to 2.3-fold and decrease in pH (<6.3) due to production of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)] when used as sole carbon source; and (2) after purification and analysis by electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) were found to be composed of mainly disaccharide and tetrasaccharide. 24320239 8 6 theme ionization-mass 1452:1466 arg1 spectrometry 1468:1479 electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry 1437:1479 electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) 1437:1488 Results indicated that low-molecular-weight degraded products from guar gum were (1) able to support the growth of tested strains [increased O.D600nm up to 2.3-fold and decrease in pH (<6.3) due to production of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)] when used as sole carbon source; and (2) after purification and analysis by electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) were found to be composed of mainly disaccharide and tetrasaccharide. 24320239 4 7 dep 33.2 487:490 arg1 to 484:485 to 484:485 to 484:485 Under immobilized cell system, synthetic supports (polyurethane foam, scotch brite, polyester; up to 33.2 IU/mL) were found marginally superior as compared to natural supports (cotton and silk; up to 28.2 IU/mL) for endo-mannanase production. 24320239 6 8 from gum 959:961 arg1 oligosaccharides 932:947 oligosaccharides 932:947 oligosaccharides from guar gum 932:961 Partially purified endo-mannanase was tested for its ability to produce oligosaccharides from guar gum. 24320239 5 9 theme response 770:777 arg1 methodology 787:797 central composite design response surface methodology 745:797 central composite design response surface methodology 745:797 Cooperative interactions between L-lysine HCl (0.3% w/v), Tween 60 (0.3% v/v), and sunflower oil cake (3.0% w/v) in central composite design response surface methodology ameliorated (1.61-fold) endo-mannanase titers to 48.0 IU/mL. 24320239 8 10 theme spray 1446:1450 arg1 ESI-MS 1482:1487 ESI-MS 1482:1487 ESI-MS 1482:1487 Results indicated that low-molecular-weight degraded products from guar gum were (1) able to support the growth of tested strains [increased O.D600nm up to 2.3-fold and decrease in pH (<6.3) due to production of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)] when used as sole carbon source; and (2) after purification and analysis by electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) were found to be composed of mainly disaccharide and tetrasaccharide. 24320239 8 10 theme spray 1446:1450 arg1 spectrometry 1468:1479 electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry 1437:1479 electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) 1437:1488 Results indicated that low-molecular-weight degraded products from guar gum were (1) able to support the growth of tested strains [increased O.D600nm up to 2.3-fold and decrease in pH (<6.3) due to production of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)] when used as sole carbon source; and (2) after purification and analysis by electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) were found to be composed of mainly disaccharide and tetrasaccharide. 24320239 8 11 theme tested 1233:1238 arg1 strains 1240:1246 tested strains 1233:1246 tested strains [increased O.D600nm up to 2.3-fold and decrease in pH (<6.3) due to production of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)] when used as sole carbon source; and (2) after purification and analysis by electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) were found to be composed of mainly disaccharide and tetrasaccharide 1233:1557 Results indicated that low-molecular-weight degraded products from guar gum were (1) able to support the growth of tested strains [increased O.D600nm up to 2.3-fold and decrease in pH (<6.3) due to production of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)] when used as sole carbon source; and (2) after purification and analysis by electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) were found to be composed of mainly disaccharide and tetrasaccharide. 24320239 1 12 from application 64:74 arg1 generation 79:88 generation 79:88 generation of oligosaccharides from guar gum 79:122 CFR1601 and its application in generation of oligosaccharides from guar gum and as detergent additive. 24320239 5 13 from interactions 641:652 arg1 methodology 787:797 central composite design response surface methodology 745:797 central composite design response surface methodology 745:797 Cooperative interactions between L-lysine HCl (0.3% w/v), Tween 60 (0.3% v/v), and sunflower oil cake (3.0% w/v) in central composite design response surface methodology ameliorated (1.61-fold) endo-mannanase titers to 48.0 IU/mL. 24320239 3 14 theme sole 338:341 arg1 carbon 343:348 sole carbon and nitrogen sources 338:369 carbon 343:348 CFR1601 produced significant levels of endo-mannanase when grown on agro-wastes, namely, green gram husk and sunflower oil cake (25.6 IU/mL), used as sole carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. 24320239 2 15 theme indigenous 155:164 arg1 bacteria 166:173 The indigenous bacteria 151:173 The indigenous bacteria 151:173 The indigenous bacteria Bacillus sp. 24320239 3 16 theme endo-mannanase 227:240 arg1 levels 217:222 significant levels 205:222 significant levels of endo-mannanase 205:240 CFR1601 produced significant levels of endo-mannanase when grown on agro-wastes, namely, green gram husk and sunflower oil cake (25.6 IU/mL), used as sole carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. 24320239 1 17 from CFR1601 48:54 arg1 generation 79:88 generation 79:88 generation of oligosaccharides from guar gum 79:122 CFR1601 and its application in generation of oligosaccharides from guar gum and as detergent additive. 24320239 2 18 dep sp 184:185 arg1 bacteria 166:173 The indigenous bacteria 151:173 The indigenous bacteria 151:173 The indigenous bacteria Bacillus sp. 24320239 5 19 theme % 679:679 arg1 w/v 681:683 0.3% w/v 676:683 0.3% w/v 676:683 Cooperative interactions between L-lysine HCl (0.3% w/v), Tween 60 (0.3% v/v), and sunflower oil cake (3.0% w/v) in central composite design response surface methodology ameliorated (1.61-fold) endo-mannanase titers to 48.0 IU/mL. 24320239 5 19 theme % 679:679 arg1 HCl 671:673 L-lysine HCl 662:673 L-lysine HCl (0.3% w/v) 662:684 Cooperative interactions between L-lysine HCl (0.3% w/v), Tween 60 (0.3% v/v), and sunflower oil cake (3.0% w/v) in central composite design response surface methodology ameliorated (1.61-fold) endo-mannanase titers to 48.0 IU/mL. 24320239 8 20 theme fatty 1342:1346 arg1 SCFA 1354:1357 SCFA 1354:1357 SCFA 1354:1357 Results indicated that low-molecular-weight degraded products from guar gum were (1) able to support the growth of tested strains [increased O.D600nm up to 2.3-fold and decrease in pH (<6.3) due to production of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)] when used as sole carbon source; and (2) after purification and analysis by electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) were found to be composed of mainly disaccharide and tetrasaccharide. 24320239 8 20 theme fatty 1342:1346 arg1 acid 1348:1351 short chain fatty acid 1330:1351 short chain fatty acid (SCFA)] when used as sole carbon source; and (2) after purification and analysis by electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) 1330:1488 Results indicated that low-molecular-weight degraded products from guar gum were (1) able to support the growth of tested strains [increased O.D600nm up to 2.3-fold and decrease in pH (<6.3) due to production of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)] when used as sole carbon source; and (2) after purification and analysis by electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) were found to be composed of mainly disaccharide and tetrasaccharide. 24320239 8 21 theme [increased 1248:1257 arg1 up 1268:1269 [increased O.D600nm up 1248:1269 [increased O.D600nm up to 2.3-fold and decrease in pH (<6.3) due to production of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)] when used as sole carbon source; and (2) after purification and analysis by electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) 1248:1488 Results indicated that low-molecular-weight degraded products from guar gum were (1) able to support the growth of tested strains [increased O.D600nm up to 2.3-fold and decrease in pH (<6.3) due to production of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)] when used as sole carbon source; and (2) after purification and analysis by electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) were found to be composed of mainly disaccharide and tetrasaccharide. 24320239 8 22 from gum 1190:1192 arg1 products 1171:1178 low-molecular-weight degraded products 1141:1178 low-molecular-weight degraded products from guar gum 1141:1192 Results indicated that low-molecular-weight degraded products from guar gum were (1) able to support the growth of tested strains [increased O.D600nm up to 2.3-fold and decrease in pH (<6.3) due to production of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)] when used as sole carbon source; and (2) after purification and analysis by electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) were found to be composed of mainly disaccharide and tetrasaccharide. 24320239 5 23 theme % 735:735 arg1 w/v 737:739 3.0% w/v 732:739 3.0% w/v 732:739 Cooperative interactions between L-lysine HCl (0.3% w/v), Tween 60 (0.3% v/v), and sunflower oil cake (3.0% w/v) in central composite design response surface methodology ameliorated (1.61-fold) endo-mannanase titers to 48.0 IU/mL. 24320239 5 23 theme % 735:735 arg1 cake 726:729 sunflower oil cake 712:729 sunflower oil cake (3.0% w/v) 712:740 Cooperative interactions between L-lysine HCl (0.3% w/v), Tween 60 (0.3% v/v), and sunflower oil cake (3.0% w/v) in central composite design response surface methodology ameliorated (1.61-fold) endo-mannanase titers to 48.0 IU/mL. 24320239 4 24 dep synthetic 417:425 arg1 IU/mL 492:496 up to 33.2 IU/mL 481:496 up to 33.2 IU/mL 481:496 Under immobilized cell system, synthetic supports (polyurethane foam, scotch brite, polyester; up to 33.2 IU/mL) were found marginally superior as compared to natural supports (cotton and silk; up to 28.2 IU/mL) for endo-mannanase production. 24320239 4 24 dep synthetic 417:425 arg1 supports 427:434 supports 427:434 supports 427:434 Under immobilized cell system, synthetic supports (polyurethane foam, scotch brite, polyester; up to 33.2 IU/mL) were found marginally superior as compared to natural supports (cotton and silk; up to 28.2 IU/mL) for endo-mannanase production. 24320239 8 25 theme carbon 1379:1384 arg1 source 1386:1391 sole carbon source 1374:1391 sole carbon source 1374:1391 Results indicated that low-molecular-weight degraded products from guar gum were (1) able to support the growth of tested strains [increased O.D600nm up to 2.3-fold and decrease in pH (<6.3) due to production of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)] when used as sole carbon source; and (2) after purification and analysis by electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) were found to be composed of mainly disaccharide and tetrasaccharide. 24320239 3 26 theme significant 205:215 arg1 levels 217:222 significant levels 205:222 significant levels of endo-mannanase 205:240 CFR1601 produced significant levels of endo-mannanase when grown on agro-wastes, namely, green gram husk and sunflower oil cake (25.6 IU/mL), used as sole carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. 24320239 8 27 theme strains 1240:1246 arg1 growth 1223:1228 the growth 1219:1228 the growth of tested strains [increased O.D600nm up to 2.3-fold and decrease in pH (<6.3) due to production of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)] when used as sole carbon source; and (2) after purification and analysis by electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) were found to be composed of mainly disaccharide and tetrasaccharide 1219:1557 Results indicated that low-molecular-weight degraded products from guar gum were (1) able to support the growth of tested strains [increased O.D600nm up to 2.3-fold and decrease in pH (<6.3) due to production of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)] when used as sole carbon source; and (2) after purification and analysis by electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) were found to be composed of mainly disaccharide and tetrasaccharide. 24320239 8 28 theme chain 1336:1340 arg1 SCFA 1354:1357 SCFA 1354:1357 SCFA 1354:1357 Results indicated that low-molecular-weight degraded products from guar gum were (1) able to support the growth of tested strains [increased O.D600nm up to 2.3-fold and decrease in pH (<6.3) due to production of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)] when used as sole carbon source; and (2) after purification and analysis by electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) were found to be composed of mainly disaccharide and tetrasaccharide. 24320239 8 28 theme chain 1336:1340 arg1 acid 1348:1351 short chain fatty acid 1330:1351 short chain fatty acid (SCFA)] when used as sole carbon source; and (2) after purification and analysis by electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) 1330:1488 Results indicated that low-molecular-weight degraded products from guar gum were (1) able to support the growth of tested strains [increased O.D600nm up to 2.3-fold and decrease in pH (<6.3) due to production of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)] when used as sole carbon source; and (2) after purification and analysis by electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) were found to be composed of mainly disaccharide and tetrasaccharide. 24320239 9 29 theme wash 1634:1637 arg1 test 1651:1654 wash performance test 1634:1654 wash performance test 1634:1654 The compatibility of endo-mannanase with various detergents together with wash performance test confirmed its potential applicability for laundry industry. 24320239 3 30 theme nitrogen 354:361 arg1 sources 363:369 sole carbon and nitrogen sources 338:369 sources 363:369 CFR1601 produced significant levels of endo-mannanase when grown on agro-wastes, namely, green gram husk and sunflower oil cake (25.6 IU/mL), used as sole carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. 24320239 4 31 theme scotch 456:461 arg1 foam 450:453 polyurethane foam 437:453 polyurethane foam 437:453 Under immobilized cell system, synthetic supports (polyurethane foam, scotch brite, polyester; up to 33.2 IU/mL) were found marginally superior as compared to natural supports (cotton and silk; up to 28.2 IU/mL) for endo-mannanase production. 24320239 4 31 theme scotch 456:461 arg1 brite 463:467 scotch brite 456:467 scotch brite 456:467 Under immobilized cell system, synthetic supports (polyurethane foam, scotch brite, polyester; up to 33.2 IU/mL) were found marginally superior as compared to natural supports (cotton and silk; up to 28.2 IU/mL) for endo-mannanase production. 24320239 9 32 theme endo-mannanase 1581:1594 arg1 compatibility 1564:1576 The compatibility 1560:1576 The compatibility of endo-mannanase with various detergents together with wash performance test 1560:1654 The compatibility of endo-mannanase with various detergents together with wash performance test confirmed its potential applicability for laundry industry. 24320239 5 33 theme 1.61-fold 812:820 arg1 titers 838:843 (1.61-fold) endo-mannanase titers 811:843 (1.61-fold) endo-mannanase titers 811:843 Cooperative interactions between L-lysine HCl (0.3% w/v), Tween 60 (0.3% v/v), and sunflower oil cake (3.0% w/v) in central composite design response surface methodology ameliorated (1.61-fold) endo-mannanase titers to 48.0 IU/mL. 24320239 7 34 theme MTCC 1071:1074 arg1 5422 1076:1079 Lactobacillus plantarum MTCC 5422 1047:1079 Lactobacillus plantarum MTCC 5422 1047:1079 These oligosaccharides were tested in vitro for their ability to promote growth of Lactobacillus plantarum MTCC 5422 and Lactobacillus salivarius CHS 1E. 24320239 7 35 theme 5422 1076:1079 arg1 growth 1037:1042 growth 1037:1042 growth of Lactobacillus plantarum MTCC 5422 and Lactobacillus salivarius CHS 1E 1037:1115 These oligosaccharides were tested in vitro for their ability to promote growth of Lactobacillus plantarum MTCC 5422 and Lactobacillus salivarius CHS 1E. 24320239 1 36 from gum 120:122 arg1 oligosaccharides 93:108 oligosaccharides 93:108 oligosaccharides from guar gum 93:122 CFR1601 and its application in generation of oligosaccharides from guar gum and as detergent additive. 24320239 1 36 from gum 120:122 arg1 generation 79:88 generation 79:88 generation of oligosaccharides from guar gum 79:122 CFR1601 and its application in generation of oligosaccharides from guar gum and as detergent additive. 24320239 1 37 theme oligosaccharides 93:108 arg1 generation 79:88 generation 79:88 generation of oligosaccharides from guar gum 79:122 CFR1601 and its application in generation of oligosaccharides from guar gum and as detergent additive. 24320239 6 38 theme guar 954:957 arg1 gum 959:961 guar gum 954:961 guar gum 954:961 Partially purified endo-mannanase was tested for its ability to produce oligosaccharides from guar gum. 24320239 0 39 theme Bacillus 35:42 arg1 sp 44:45 Bacillus sp 35:45 Bacillus sp 35:45 Cost-effective endo-mannanase from Bacillus sp. 24320239 3 40 theme gram 283:286 arg1 agro-wastes 256:266 agro-wastes 256:266 agro-wastes 256:266 CFR1601 produced significant levels of endo-mannanase when grown on agro-wastes, namely, green gram husk and sunflower oil cake (25.6 IU/mL), used as sole carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. 24320239 3 40 theme gram 283:286 arg1 husk 288:291 green gram husk 277:291 green gram husk 277:291 CFR1601 produced significant levels of endo-mannanase when grown on agro-wastes, namely, green gram husk and sunflower oil cake (25.6 IU/mL), used as sole carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. 24320239 5 41 theme endo-mannanase 823:836 arg1 titers 838:843 (1.61-fold) endo-mannanase titers 811:843 (1.61-fold) endo-mannanase titers 811:843 Cooperative interactions between L-lysine HCl (0.3% w/v), Tween 60 (0.3% v/v), and sunflower oil cake (3.0% w/v) in central composite design response surface methodology ameliorated (1.61-fold) endo-mannanase titers to 48.0 IU/mL. 24320239 5 42 theme oil 722:724 arg1 w/v 737:739 3.0% w/v 732:739 3.0% w/v 732:739 Cooperative interactions between L-lysine HCl (0.3% w/v), Tween 60 (0.3% v/v), and sunflower oil cake (3.0% w/v) in central composite design response surface methodology ameliorated (1.61-fold) endo-mannanase titers to 48.0 IU/mL. 24320239 5 42 theme oil 722:724 arg1 cake 726:729 sunflower oil cake 712:729 sunflower oil cake (3.0% w/v) 712:740 Cooperative interactions between L-lysine HCl (0.3% w/v), Tween 60 (0.3% v/v), and sunflower oil cake (3.0% w/v) in central composite design response surface methodology ameliorated (1.61-fold) endo-mannanase titers to 48.0 IU/mL. 24320239 5 43 theme sunflower 712:720 arg1 w/v 737:739 3.0% w/v 732:739 3.0% w/v 732:739 Cooperative interactions between L-lysine HCl (0.3% w/v), Tween 60 (0.3% v/v), and sunflower oil cake (3.0% w/v) in central composite design response surface methodology ameliorated (1.61-fold) endo-mannanase titers to 48.0 IU/mL. 24320239 5 43 theme sunflower 712:720 arg1 cake 726:729 sunflower oil cake 712:729 sunflower oil cake (3.0% w/v) 712:740 Cooperative interactions between L-lysine HCl (0.3% w/v), Tween 60 (0.3% v/v), and sunflower oil cake (3.0% w/v) in central composite design response surface methodology ameliorated (1.61-fold) endo-mannanase titers to 48.0 IU/mL. 24320239 4 44 dep natural 545:551 arg1 silk 574:577 silk 574:577 silk 574:577 Under immobilized cell system, synthetic supports (polyurethane foam, scotch brite, polyester; up to 33.2 IU/mL) were found marginally superior as compared to natural supports (cotton and silk; up to 28.2 IU/mL) for endo-mannanase production. 24320239 4 44 dep natural 545:551 arg1 cotton 563:568 cotton 563:568 cotton 563:568 Under immobilized cell system, synthetic supports (polyurethane foam, scotch brite, polyester; up to 33.2 IU/mL) were found marginally superior as compared to natural supports (cotton and silk; up to 28.2 IU/mL) for endo-mannanase production. 24320239 4 44 dep natural 545:551 arg1 supports 553:560 supports 553:560 supports 553:560 Under immobilized cell system, synthetic supports (polyurethane foam, scotch brite, polyester; up to 33.2 IU/mL) were found marginally superior as compared to natural supports (cotton and silk; up to 28.2 IU/mL) for endo-mannanase production. 24320239 1 45 theme guar 115:118 arg1 gum 120:122 guar gum 115:122 guar gum 115:122 CFR1601 and its application in generation of oligosaccharides from guar gum and as detergent additive. 24320239 8 46 dep strains 1240:1246 arg1 found 1495:1499 found 1495:1499 were found to be composed of mainly disaccharide and tetrasaccharide 1490:1557 Results indicated that low-molecular-weight degraded products from guar gum were (1) able to support the growth of tested strains [increased O.D600nm up to 2.3-fold and decrease in pH (<6.3) due to production of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)] when used as sole carbon source; and (2) after purification and analysis by electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) were found to be composed of mainly disaccharide and tetrasaccharide. 24320239 9 47 with compatibility 1564:1576 arg1 detergents 1609:1618 various detergents 1601:1618 various detergents together with wash performance test 1601:1654 The compatibility of endo-mannanase with various detergents together with wash performance test confirmed its potential applicability for laundry industry. 24320239 5 48 theme L-lysine 662:669 arg1 w/v 681:683 0.3% w/v 676:683 0.3% w/v 676:683 Cooperative interactions between L-lysine HCl (0.3% w/v), Tween 60 (0.3% v/v), and sunflower oil cake (3.0% w/v) in central composite design response surface methodology ameliorated (1.61-fold) endo-mannanase titers to 48.0 IU/mL. 24320239 5 48 theme L-lysine 662:669 arg1 HCl 671:673 L-lysine HCl 662:673 L-lysine HCl (0.3% w/v) 662:684 Cooperative interactions between L-lysine HCl (0.3% w/v), Tween 60 (0.3% v/v), and sunflower oil cake (3.0% w/v) in central composite design response surface methodology ameliorated (1.61-fold) endo-mannanase titers to 48.0 IU/mL. 24320239 8 49 theme degraded 1162:1169 arg1 products 1171:1178 low-molecular-weight degraded products 1141:1178 low-molecular-weight degraded products from guar gum 1141:1192 Results indicated that low-molecular-weight degraded products from guar gum were (1) able to support the growth of tested strains [increased O.D600nm up to 2.3-fold and decrease in pH (<6.3) due to production of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)] when used as sole carbon source; and (2) after purification and analysis by electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) were found to be composed of mainly disaccharide and tetrasaccharide. 24320239 8 50 theme low-molecular-weight 1141:1160 arg1 products 1171:1178 low-molecular-weight degraded products 1141:1178 low-molecular-weight degraded products from guar gum 1141:1192 Results indicated that low-molecular-weight degraded products from guar gum were (1) able to support the growth of tested strains [increased O.D600nm up to 2.3-fold and decrease in pH (<6.3) due to production of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)] when used as sole carbon source; and (2) after purification and analysis by electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) were found to be composed of mainly disaccharide and tetrasaccharide. 24320239 9 51 theme potential 1670:1678 arg1 applicability 1680:1692 its potential applicability 1666:1692 its potential applicability for laundry industry 1666:1713 The compatibility of endo-mannanase with various detergents together with wash performance test confirmed its potential applicability for laundry industry. 24320239 3 52 theme green 277:281 arg1 agro-wastes 256:266 agro-wastes 256:266 agro-wastes 256:266 CFR1601 produced significant levels of endo-mannanase when grown on agro-wastes, namely, green gram husk and sunflower oil cake (25.6 IU/mL), used as sole carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. 24320239 3 52 theme green 277:281 arg1 husk 288:291 green gram husk 277:291 green gram husk 277:291 CFR1601 produced significant levels of endo-mannanase when grown on agro-wastes, namely, green gram husk and sunflower oil cake (25.6 IU/mL), used as sole carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. 24320239 4 53 theme polyurethane 437:448 arg1 polyester 470:478 polyester 470:478 polyester 470:478 Under immobilized cell system, synthetic supports (polyurethane foam, scotch brite, polyester; up to 33.2 IU/mL) were found marginally superior as compared to natural supports (cotton and silk; up to 28.2 IU/mL) for endo-mannanase production. 24320239 4 53 theme polyurethane 437:448 arg1 foam 450:453 polyurethane foam 437:453 polyurethane foam 437:453 Under immobilized cell system, synthetic supports (polyurethane foam, scotch brite, polyester; up to 33.2 IU/mL) were found marginally superior as compared to natural supports (cotton and silk; up to 28.2 IU/mL) for endo-mannanase production. 24320239 4 53 theme polyurethane 437:448 arg1 brite 463:467 scotch brite 456:467 scotch brite 456:467 Under immobilized cell system, synthetic supports (polyurethane foam, scotch brite, polyester; up to 33.2 IU/mL) were found marginally superior as compared to natural supports (cotton and silk; up to 28.2 IU/mL) for endo-mannanase production. 24320239 7 54 theme Lactobacillus 1047:1059 arg1 5422 1076:1079 Lactobacillus plantarum MTCC 5422 1047:1079 Lactobacillus plantarum MTCC 5422 1047:1079 These oligosaccharides were tested in vitro for their ability to promote growth of Lactobacillus plantarum MTCC 5422 and Lactobacillus salivarius CHS 1E. 24320239 7 55 theme Lactobacillus 1085:1097 arg1 1E 1114:1115 Lactobacillus salivarius CHS 1E 1085:1115 Lactobacillus salivarius CHS 1E 1085:1115 These oligosaccharides were tested in vitro for their ability to promote growth of Lactobacillus plantarum MTCC 5422 and Lactobacillus salivarius CHS 1E. 24320239 5 56 theme % 700:700 arg1 v/v 702:704 0.3% v/v 697:704 0.3% v/v 697:704 Cooperative interactions between L-lysine HCl (0.3% w/v), Tween 60 (0.3% v/v), and sunflower oil cake (3.0% w/v) in central composite design response surface methodology ameliorated (1.61-fold) endo-mannanase titers to 48.0 IU/mL. 24320239 5 56 theme % 700:700 arg1 Tween 687:691 Tween 687:691 Tween 687:691 Cooperative interactions between L-lysine HCl (0.3% w/v), Tween 60 (0.3% v/v), and sunflower oil cake (3.0% w/v) in central composite design response surface methodology ameliorated (1.61-fold) endo-mannanase titers to 48.0 IU/mL. 24320239 8 57 theme sole 1374:1377 arg1 source 1386:1391 sole carbon source 1374:1391 sole carbon source 1374:1391 Results indicated that low-molecular-weight degraded products from guar gum were (1) able to support the growth of tested strains [increased O.D600nm up to 2.3-fold and decrease in pH (<6.3) due to production of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)] when used as sole carbon source; and (2) after purification and analysis by electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) were found to be composed of mainly disaccharide and tetrasaccharide. 24320239 3 58 theme oil 307:309 arg1 IU/mL 322:326 25.6 IU/mL 317:326 25.6 IU/mL 317:326 CFR1601 produced significant levels of endo-mannanase when grown on agro-wastes, namely, green gram husk and sunflower oil cake (25.6 IU/mL), used as sole carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. 24320239 3 58 theme oil 307:309 arg1 agro-wastes 256:266 agro-wastes 256:266 agro-wastes 256:266 CFR1601 produced significant levels of endo-mannanase when grown on agro-wastes, namely, green gram husk and sunflower oil cake (25.6 IU/mL), used as sole carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. 24320239 3 58 theme oil 307:309 arg1 cake 311:314 sunflower oil cake 297:314 sunflower oil cake (25.6 IU/mL) 297:327 CFR1601 produced significant levels of endo-mannanase when grown on agro-wastes, namely, green gram husk and sunflower oil cake (25.6 IU/mL), used as sole carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. 24320239 9 59 theme laundry 1698:1704 arg1 industry 1706:1713 laundry industry 1698:1713 laundry industry 1698:1713 The compatibility of endo-mannanase with various detergents together with wash performance test confirmed its potential applicability for laundry industry. 24320239 8 60 theme O.D600nm 1259:1266 arg1 up 1268:1269 [increased O.D600nm up 1248:1269 [increased O.D600nm up to 2.3-fold and decrease in pH (<6.3) due to production of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)] when used as sole carbon source; and (2) after purification and analysis by electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) 1248:1488 Results indicated that low-molecular-weight degraded products from guar gum were (1) able to support the growth of tested strains [increased O.D600nm up to 2.3-fold and decrease in pH (<6.3) due to production of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)] when used as sole carbon source; and (2) after purification and analysis by electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) were found to be composed of mainly disaccharide and tetrasaccharide. 24320239 5 61 theme surface 779:785 arg1 methodology 787:797 central composite design response surface methodology 745:797 central composite design response surface methodology 745:797 Cooperative interactions between L-lysine HCl (0.3% w/v), Tween 60 (0.3% v/v), and sunflower oil cake (3.0% w/v) in central composite design response surface methodology ameliorated (1.61-fold) endo-mannanase titers to 48.0 IU/mL. 24320239 7 62 dep Lactobacillus 1085:1097 arg1 salivarius 1099:1108 salivarius 1099:1108 salivarius 1099:1108 These oligosaccharides were tested in vitro for their ability to promote growth of Lactobacillus plantarum MTCC 5422 and Lactobacillus salivarius CHS 1E. 24320239 4 63 theme cell 404:407 arg1 system 409:414 immobilized cell system 392:414 immobilized cell system 392:414 Under immobilized cell system, synthetic supports (polyurethane foam, scotch brite, polyester; up to 33.2 IU/mL) were found marginally superior as compared to natural supports (cotton and silk; up to 28.2 IU/mL) for endo-mannanase production. 24320239 4 64 dep cotton 563:568 arg1 IU/mL 591:595 up to 28.2 IU/mL 580:595 cotton and silk; up to 28.2 IU/mL 563:595 Under immobilized cell system, synthetic supports (polyurethane foam, scotch brite, polyester; up to 33.2 IU/mL) were found marginally superior as compared to natural supports (cotton and silk; up to 28.2 IU/mL) for endo-mannanase production. 24320239 2 65 theme Bacillus 175:182 arg1 sp 184:185 Bacillus sp 175:185 Bacillus sp 175:185 The indigenous bacteria Bacillus sp. 24320239 4 66 theme immobilized 392:402 arg1 system 409:414 immobilized cell system 392:414 immobilized cell system 392:414 Under immobilized cell system, synthetic supports (polyurethane foam, scotch brite, polyester; up to 33.2 IU/mL) were found marginally superior as compared to natural supports (cotton and silk; up to 28.2 IU/mL) for endo-mannanase production. 24320239 9 67 theme various 1601:1607 arg1 detergents 1609:1618 various detergents 1601:1618 various detergents together with wash performance test 1601:1654 The compatibility of endo-mannanase with various detergents together with wash performance test confirmed its potential applicability for laundry industry. 24320239 3 68 theme sunflower 297:305 arg1 IU/mL 322:326 25.6 IU/mL 317:326 25.6 IU/mL 317:326 CFR1601 produced significant levels of endo-mannanase when grown on agro-wastes, namely, green gram husk and sunflower oil cake (25.6 IU/mL), used as sole carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. 24320239 3 68 theme sunflower 297:305 arg1 agro-wastes 256:266 agro-wastes 256:266 agro-wastes 256:266 CFR1601 produced significant levels of endo-mannanase when grown on agro-wastes, namely, green gram husk and sunflower oil cake (25.6 IU/mL), used as sole carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. 24320239 3 68 theme sunflower 297:305 arg1 cake 311:314 sunflower oil cake 297:314 sunflower oil cake (25.6 IU/mL) 297:327 CFR1601 produced significant levels of endo-mannanase when grown on agro-wastes, namely, green gram husk and sunflower oil cake (25.6 IU/mL), used as sole carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. 24320239 9 69 theme performance 1639:1649 arg1 test 1651:1654 wash performance test 1634:1654 wash performance test 1634:1654 The compatibility of endo-mannanase with various detergents together with wash performance test confirmed its potential applicability for laundry industry. 24320239 5 70 theme composite 753:761 arg1 methodology 787:797 central composite design response surface methodology 745:797 central composite design response surface methodology 745:797 Cooperative interactions between L-lysine HCl (0.3% w/v), Tween 60 (0.3% v/v), and sunflower oil cake (3.0% w/v) in central composite design response surface methodology ameliorated (1.61-fold) endo-mannanase titers to 48.0 IU/mL. 24320239 8 71 from decrease 1287:1294 arg1 pH 1299:1300 pH (<6.3) 1299:1307 pH (<6.3) due to production of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)] when used as sole carbon source; and (2) after purification and analysis by electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) 1299:1488 Results indicated that low-molecular-weight degraded products from guar gum were (1) able to support the growth of tested strains [increased O.D600nm up to 2.3-fold and decrease in pH (<6.3) due to production of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)] when used as sole carbon source; and (2) after purification and analysis by electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) were found to be composed of mainly disaccharide and tetrasaccharide. 24320239 8 72 theme short 1330:1334 arg1 SCFA 1354:1357 SCFA 1354:1357 SCFA 1354:1357 Results indicated that low-molecular-weight degraded products from guar gum were (1) able to support the growth of tested strains [increased O.D600nm up to 2.3-fold and decrease in pH (<6.3) due to production of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)] when used as sole carbon source; and (2) after purification and analysis by electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) were found to be composed of mainly disaccharide and tetrasaccharide. 24320239 8 72 theme short 1330:1334 arg1 acid 1348:1351 short chain fatty acid 1330:1351 short chain fatty acid (SCFA)] when used as sole carbon source; and (2) after purification and analysis by electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) 1330:1488 Results indicated that low-molecular-weight degraded products from guar gum were (1) able to support the growth of tested strains [increased O.D600nm up to 2.3-fold and decrease in pH (<6.3) due to production of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)] when used as sole carbon source; and (2) after purification and analysis by electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) were found to be composed of mainly disaccharide and tetrasaccharide. 24320239 8 73 theme acid 1348:1351 arg1 production 1316:1325 production 1316:1325 production of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)] when used as sole carbon source; and (2) after purification and analysis by electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) 1316:1488 Results indicated that low-molecular-weight degraded products from guar gum were (1) able to support the growth of tested strains [increased O.D600nm up to 2.3-fold and decrease in pH (<6.3) due to production of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)] when used as sole carbon source; and (2) after purification and analysis by electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) were found to be composed of mainly disaccharide and tetrasaccharide. 24320239 8 74 theme due 1309:1311 arg1 pH 1299:1300 pH (<6.3) 1299:1307 pH (<6.3) due to production of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)] when used as sole carbon source; and (2) after purification and analysis by electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) 1299:1488 Results indicated that low-molecular-weight degraded products from guar gum were (1) able to support the growth of tested strains [increased O.D600nm up to 2.3-fold and decrease in pH (<6.3) due to production of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)] when used as sole carbon source; and (2) after purification and analysis by electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) were found to be composed of mainly disaccharide and tetrasaccharide. 24320239 8 75 theme guar 1185:1188 arg1 gum 1190:1192 guar gum 1185:1192 guar gum 1185:1192 Results indicated that low-molecular-weight degraded products from guar gum were (1) able to support the growth of tested strains [increased O.D600nm up to 2.3-fold and decrease in pH (<6.3) due to production of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)] when used as sole carbon source; and (2) after purification and analysis by electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) were found to be composed of mainly disaccharide and tetrasaccharide. 24320239 5 76 theme central 745:751 arg1 methodology 787:797 central composite design response surface methodology 745:797 central composite design response surface methodology 745:797 Cooperative interactions between L-lysine HCl (0.3% w/v), Tween 60 (0.3% v/v), and sunflower oil cake (3.0% w/v) in central composite design response surface methodology ameliorated (1.61-fold) endo-mannanase titers to 48.0 IU/mL. 24320239 8 77 theme electron 1437:1444 arg1 ESI-MS 1482:1487 ESI-MS 1482:1487 ESI-MS 1482:1487 Results indicated that low-molecular-weight degraded products from guar gum were (1) able to support the growth of tested strains [increased O.D600nm up to 2.3-fold and decrease in pH (<6.3) due to production of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)] when used as sole carbon source; and (2) after purification and analysis by electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) were found to be composed of mainly disaccharide and tetrasaccharide. 24320239 8 77 theme electron 1437:1444 arg1 spectrometry 1468:1479 electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry 1437:1479 electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) 1437:1488 Results indicated that low-molecular-weight degraded products from guar gum were (1) able to support the growth of tested strains [increased O.D600nm up to 2.3-fold and decrease in pH (<6.3) due to production of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)] when used as sole carbon source; and (2) after purification and analysis by electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) were found to be composed of mainly disaccharide and tetrasaccharide. 24320239 6 78 theme purified 870:877 arg1 endo-mannanase 879:892 Partially purified endo-mannanase 860:892 Partially purified endo-mannanase 860:892 Partially purified endo-mannanase was tested for its ability to produce oligosaccharides from guar gum. 24320239 4 79 dep 28.2 586:589 arg1 to 583:584 to 583:584 to 583:584 Under immobilized cell system, synthetic supports (polyurethane foam, scotch brite, polyester; up to 33.2 IU/mL) were found marginally superior as compared to natural supports (cotton and silk; up to 28.2 IU/mL) for endo-mannanase production. 24320239 4 80 theme endo-mannanase 602:615 arg1 production 617:626 endo-mannanase production 602:626 endo-mannanase production 602:626 Under immobilized cell system, synthetic supports (polyurethane foam, scotch brite, polyester; up to 33.2 IU/mL) were found marginally superior as compared to natural supports (cotton and silk; up to 28.2 IU/mL) for endo-mannanase production. 24320239 8 81 from 2.3-fold 1274:1281 arg1 pH 1299:1300 pH (<6.3) 1299:1307 pH (<6.3) due to production of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)] when used as sole carbon source; and (2) after purification and analysis by electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) 1299:1488 Results indicated that low-molecular-weight degraded products from guar gum were (1) able to support the growth of tested strains [increased O.D600nm up to 2.3-fold and decrease in pH (<6.3) due to production of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)] when used as sole carbon source; and (2) after purification and analysis by electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) were found to be composed of mainly disaccharide and tetrasaccharide. 24320239 7 82 theme CHS 1110:1112 arg1 1E 1114:1115 Lactobacillus salivarius CHS 1E 1085:1115 Lactobacillus salivarius CHS 1E 1085:1115 These oligosaccharides were tested in vitro for their ability to promote growth of Lactobacillus plantarum MTCC 5422 and Lactobacillus salivarius CHS 1E. 27083358 3 0 theme BOPP 691:694 arg1 ∼2GPa 673:677 ∼2GPa 673:677 ∼2GPa of the neat BOPP to ∼3.1GPa of the P/B+/MFC-coated BOPP 673:733 The deposition of the coatings yielded an increase in the elastic modulus of the entire plastic substrate (from ∼2GPa of the neat BOPP to ∼3.1GPa of the P/B+/MFC-coated BOPP). 27083358 6 1 theme high 1043:1046 arg1 coatings 1060:1067 the high hydrophilic coatings 1039:1067 the high hydrophilic coatings 1039:1067 The deposition of the high hydrophilic coatings allowed to obtain highly wettable surfaces (water contact angle of ∼18°). 27083358 0 2 theme surface-modulating 68:85 arg1 agents 87:92 mechanical, O₂-barrier, and surface-modulating agents 40:92 mechanical, O₂-barrier, and surface-modulating agents of pullulan biocomposite coatings on BOPP 40:134 Microfibrillated cellulose and borax as mechanical, O₂-barrier, and surface-modulating agents of pullulan biocomposite coatings on BOPP. 27083358 0 2 theme surface-modulating 68:85 arg1 cellulose 17:25 cellulose 17:25 cellulose 17:25 Microfibrillated cellulose and borax as mechanical, O₂-barrier, and surface-modulating agents of pullulan biocomposite coatings on BOPP. 27083358 0 2 theme surface-modulating 68:85 arg1 borax 31:35 borax 31:35 borax 31:35 Microfibrillated cellulose and borax as mechanical, O₂-barrier, and surface-modulating agents of pullulan biocomposite coatings on BOPP. 27083358 5 3 theme dry 1005:1007 arg1 conditions 1009:1018 dry conditions 1005:1018 dry conditions 1005:1018 All composite coatings dramatically increased the oxygen barrier performance of BOPP, especially under dry conditions. 27083358 1 4 theme bi-oriented 175:185 arg1 BOPP 202:205 BOPP 202:205 BOPP 202:205 Multifunctional composite coatings on bi-oriented polypropylene (BOPP) films were obtained using borax and microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) added to the main pullulan coating polymer. 27083358 1 4 theme bi-oriented 175:185 arg1 polypropylene 187:199 bi-oriented polypropylene 175:199 bi-oriented polypropylene (BOPP) films 175:212 Multifunctional composite coatings on bi-oriented polypropylene (BOPP) films were obtained using borax and microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) added to the main pullulan coating polymer. 27083358 3 5 theme entire 642:647 arg1 substrate 657:665 the entire plastic substrate 638:665 the entire plastic substrate (from ∼2GPa of the neat BOPP to ∼3.1GPa of the P/B+/MFC-coated BOPP) 638:734 The deposition of the coatings yielded an increase in the elastic modulus of the entire plastic substrate (from ∼2GPa of the neat BOPP to ∼3.1GPa of the P/B+/MFC-coated BOPP). 27083358 0 6 theme pullulan 97:104 arg1 coatings 119:126 pullulan biocomposite coatings 97:126 pullulan biocomposite coatings on BOPP 97:134 Microfibrillated cellulose and borax as mechanical, O₂-barrier, and surface-modulating agents of pullulan biocomposite coatings on BOPP. 27083358 4 7 theme kinetic 795:801 arg1 coefficients 803:814 both static and kinetic coefficients 779:814 both static and kinetic coefficients of friction of approximately 22% and 25%, respectively 779:869 The addition of MFC yielded a decrease of both static and kinetic coefficients of friction of approximately 22% and 25%, respectively, as compared to the neat BOPP. 27083358 6 8 theme ∼18° 1136:1139 arg1 angle 1127:1131 water contact angle 1113:1131 water contact angle of ∼18° 1113:1139 The deposition of the high hydrophilic coatings allowed to obtain highly wettable surfaces (water contact angle of ∼18°). 27083358 6 9 theme wettable 1094:1101 arg1 surfaces 1103:1110 highly wettable surfaces 1087:1110 highly wettable surfaces (water contact angle of ∼18°) 1087:1140 The deposition of the high hydrophilic coatings allowed to obtain highly wettable surfaces (water contact angle of ∼18°). 27083358 6 10 theme water 1113:1117 arg1 angle 1127:1131 water contact angle 1113:1131 water contact angle of ∼18° 1113:1139 The deposition of the high hydrophilic coatings allowed to obtain highly wettable surfaces (water contact angle of ∼18°). 27083358 4 11 theme % 847:847 arg1 friction 819:826 friction 819:826 friction of approximately 22% and 25%, respectively 819:869 The addition of MFC yielded a decrease of both static and kinetic coefficients of friction of approximately 22% and 25%, respectively, as compared to the neat BOPP. 27083358 5 12 theme composite 906:914 arg1 coatings 916:923 All composite coatings 902:923 All composite coatings 902:923 All composite coatings dramatically increased the oxygen barrier performance of BOPP, especially under dry conditions. 27083358 2 13 theme didiol 509:514 arg1 complexation 516:527 didiol complexation 509:527 didiol complexation 509:527 Spectroscopy analyses suggested that a first type of interaction occurred via hydrogen bonding between the C6OH group of pullulan and the hydroxyl groups of boric acid, while monodiol and didiol complexation represented a second mechanism. 27083358 1 14 from coatings 163:170 arg1 films 208:212 bi-oriented polypropylene (BOPP) films 175:212 bi-oriented polypropylene (BOPP) films 175:212 Multifunctional composite coatings on bi-oriented polypropylene (BOPP) films were obtained using borax and microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) added to the main pullulan coating polymer. 27083358 4 15 theme MFC 753:755 arg1 addition 741:748 The addition 737:748 The addition of MFC 737:755 The addition of MFC yielded a decrease of both static and kinetic coefficients of friction of approximately 22% and 25%, respectively, as compared to the neat BOPP. 27083358 1 16 theme polypropylene 187:199 arg1 films 208:212 bi-oriented polypropylene (BOPP) films 175:212 bi-oriented polypropylene (BOPP) films 175:212 Multifunctional composite coatings on bi-oriented polypropylene (BOPP) films were obtained using borax and microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) added to the main pullulan coating polymer. 27083358 0 17 theme biocomposite 106:117 arg1 coatings 119:126 pullulan biocomposite coatings 97:126 pullulan biocomposite coatings on BOPP 97:134 Microfibrillated cellulose and borax as mechanical, O₂-barrier, and surface-modulating agents of pullulan biocomposite coatings on BOPP. 27083358 2 18 theme boric 478:482 arg1 acid 484:487 boric acid 478:487 boric acid 478:487 Spectroscopy analyses suggested that a first type of interaction occurred via hydrogen bonding between the C6OH group of pullulan and the hydroxyl groups of boric acid, while monodiol and didiol complexation represented a second mechanism. 27083358 6 19 theme contact 1119:1125 arg1 angle 1127:1131 water contact angle 1113:1131 water contact angle of ∼18° 1113:1139 The deposition of the high hydrophilic coatings allowed to obtain highly wettable surfaces (water contact angle of ∼18°). 27083358 2 20 theme hydrogen 399:406 arg1 bonding 408:414 hydrogen bonding 399:414 hydrogen bonding between the C6OH group of pullulan and the hydroxyl groups of boric acid 399:487 Spectroscopy analyses suggested that a first type of interaction occurred via hydrogen bonding between the C6OH group of pullulan and the hydroxyl groups of boric acid, while monodiol and didiol complexation represented a second mechanism. 27083358 2 21 theme acid 484:487 arg1 groups 468:473 the hydroxyl groups 455:473 the hydroxyl groups of boric acid 455:487 Spectroscopy analyses suggested that a first type of interaction occurred via hydrogen bonding between the C6OH group of pullulan and the hydroxyl groups of boric acid, while monodiol and didiol complexation represented a second mechanism. 27083358 2 21 theme acid 484:487 arg1 acid 484:487 boric acid 478:487 boric acid 478:487 Spectroscopy analyses suggested that a first type of interaction occurred via hydrogen bonding between the C6OH group of pullulan and the hydroxyl groups of boric acid, while monodiol and didiol complexation represented a second mechanism. 27083358 2 21 theme acid 484:487 arg1 pullulan 442:449 pullulan 442:449 pullulan 442:449 Spectroscopy analyses suggested that a first type of interaction occurred via hydrogen bonding between the C6OH group of pullulan and the hydroxyl groups of boric acid, while monodiol and didiol complexation represented a second mechanism. 27083358 2 21 theme acid 484:487 arg1 group 433:437 the C6OH group 424:437 the C6OH group of pullulan 424:449 Spectroscopy analyses suggested that a first type of interaction occurred via hydrogen bonding between the C6OH group of pullulan and the hydroxyl groups of boric acid, while monodiol and didiol complexation represented a second mechanism. 27083358 2 22 theme Spectroscopy 321:332 arg1 analyses 334:341 Spectroscopy analyses 321:341 Spectroscopy analyses 321:341 Spectroscopy analyses suggested that a first type of interaction occurred via hydrogen bonding between the C6OH group of pullulan and the hydroxyl groups of boric acid, while monodiol and didiol complexation represented a second mechanism. 27083358 3 23 from modulus 627:633 arg1 ∼2GPa 673:677 ∼2GPa 673:677 ∼2GPa of the neat BOPP to ∼3.1GPa of the P/B+/MFC-coated BOPP 673:733 The deposition of the coatings yielded an increase in the elastic modulus of the entire plastic substrate (from ∼2GPa of the neat BOPP to ∼3.1GPa of the P/B+/MFC-coated BOPP). 27083358 4 24 theme friction 819:826 arg1 coefficients 803:814 both static and kinetic coefficients 779:814 both static and kinetic coefficients of friction of approximately 22% and 25%, respectively 779:869 The addition of MFC yielded a decrease of both static and kinetic coefficients of friction of approximately 22% and 25%, respectively, as compared to the neat BOPP. 27083358 2 25 theme pullulan 442:449 arg1 groups 468:473 the hydroxyl groups 455:473 the hydroxyl groups of boric acid 455:487 Spectroscopy analyses suggested that a first type of interaction occurred via hydrogen bonding between the C6OH group of pullulan and the hydroxyl groups of boric acid, while monodiol and didiol complexation represented a second mechanism. 27083358 2 25 theme pullulan 442:449 arg1 acid 484:487 boric acid 478:487 boric acid 478:487 Spectroscopy analyses suggested that a first type of interaction occurred via hydrogen bonding between the C6OH group of pullulan and the hydroxyl groups of boric acid, while monodiol and didiol complexation represented a second mechanism. 27083358 2 25 theme pullulan 442:449 arg1 pullulan 442:449 pullulan 442:449 pullulan 442:449 Spectroscopy analyses suggested that a first type of interaction occurred via hydrogen bonding between the C6OH group of pullulan and the hydroxyl groups of boric acid, while monodiol and didiol complexation represented a second mechanism. 27083358 2 25 theme pullulan 442:449 arg1 group 433:437 the C6OH group 424:437 the C6OH group of pullulan 424:449 Spectroscopy analyses suggested that a first type of interaction occurred via hydrogen bonding between the C6OH group of pullulan and the hydroxyl groups of boric acid, while monodiol and didiol complexation represented a second mechanism. 27083358 4 26 theme static 784:789 arg1 coefficients 803:814 both static and kinetic coefficients 779:814 both static and kinetic coefficients of friction of approximately 22% and 25%, respectively 779:869 The addition of MFC yielded a decrease of both static and kinetic coefficients of friction of approximately 22% and 25%, respectively, as compared to the neat BOPP. 27083358 1 27 theme main 290:293 arg1 pullulan 295:302 the main pullulan 286:302 the main pullulan coating polymer 286:318 Multifunctional composite coatings on bi-oriented polypropylene (BOPP) films were obtained using borax and microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) added to the main pullulan coating polymer. 27083358 2 28 theme interaction 374:384 arg1 type 366:369 a first type 358:369 a first type of interaction 358:384 Spectroscopy analyses suggested that a first type of interaction occurred via hydrogen bonding between the C6OH group of pullulan and the hydroxyl groups of boric acid, while monodiol and didiol complexation represented a second mechanism. 27083358 0 29 from agents 87:92 arg1 BOPP 131:134 BOPP 131:134 BOPP 131:134 Microfibrillated cellulose and borax as mechanical, O₂-barrier, and surface-modulating agents of pullulan biocomposite coatings on BOPP. 27083358 2 30 theme first 360:364 arg1 type 366:369 a first type 358:369 a first type of interaction 358:384 Spectroscopy analyses suggested that a first type of interaction occurred via hydrogen bonding between the C6OH group of pullulan and the hydroxyl groups of boric acid, while monodiol and didiol complexation represented a second mechanism. 27083358 5 31 theme BOPP 982:985 arg1 performance 967:977 the oxygen barrier performance 948:977 the oxygen barrier performance of BOPP 948:985 All composite coatings dramatically increased the oxygen barrier performance of BOPP, especially under dry conditions. 27083358 2 32 theme C6OH 428:431 arg1 acid 484:487 boric acid 478:487 boric acid 478:487 Spectroscopy analyses suggested that a first type of interaction occurred via hydrogen bonding between the C6OH group of pullulan and the hydroxyl groups of boric acid, while monodiol and didiol complexation represented a second mechanism. 27083358 2 32 theme C6OH 428:431 arg1 pullulan 442:449 pullulan 442:449 pullulan 442:449 Spectroscopy analyses suggested that a first type of interaction occurred via hydrogen bonding between the C6OH group of pullulan and the hydroxyl groups of boric acid, while monodiol and didiol complexation represented a second mechanism. 27083358 2 32 theme C6OH 428:431 arg1 group 433:437 the C6OH group 424:437 the C6OH group of pullulan 424:449 Spectroscopy analyses suggested that a first type of interaction occurred via hydrogen bonding between the C6OH group of pullulan and the hydroxyl groups of boric acid, while monodiol and didiol complexation represented a second mechanism. 27083358 0 33 theme mechanical 40:49 arg1 agents 87:92 mechanical, O₂-barrier, and surface-modulating agents 40:92 mechanical, O₂-barrier, and surface-modulating agents of pullulan biocomposite coatings on BOPP 40:134 Microfibrillated cellulose and borax as mechanical, O₂-barrier, and surface-modulating agents of pullulan biocomposite coatings on BOPP. 27083358 0 33 theme mechanical 40:49 arg1 cellulose 17:25 cellulose 17:25 cellulose 17:25 Microfibrillated cellulose and borax as mechanical, O₂-barrier, and surface-modulating agents of pullulan biocomposite coatings on BOPP. 27083358 0 33 theme mechanical 40:49 arg1 borax 31:35 borax 31:35 borax 31:35 Microfibrillated cellulose and borax as mechanical, O₂-barrier, and surface-modulating agents of pullulan biocomposite coatings on BOPP. 27083358 3 34 theme BOPP 730:733 arg1 ∼3.1GPa 699:705 ∼3.1GPa 699:705 ∼3.1GPa of the P/B+/MFC-coated BOPP 699:733 The deposition of the coatings yielded an increase in the elastic modulus of the entire plastic substrate (from ∼2GPa of the neat BOPP to ∼3.1GPa of the P/B+/MFC-coated BOPP). 27083358 2 35 theme second 543:548 arg1 mechanism 550:558 a second mechanism 541:558 a second mechanism 541:558 Spectroscopy analyses suggested that a first type of interaction occurred via hydrogen bonding between the C6OH group of pullulan and the hydroxyl groups of boric acid, while monodiol and didiol complexation represented a second mechanism. 27083358 3 36 theme plastic 649:655 arg1 substrate 657:665 the entire plastic substrate 638:665 the entire plastic substrate (from ∼2GPa of the neat BOPP to ∼3.1GPa of the P/B+/MFC-coated BOPP) 638:734 The deposition of the coatings yielded an increase in the elastic modulus of the entire plastic substrate (from ∼2GPa of the neat BOPP to ∼3.1GPa of the P/B+/MFC-coated BOPP). 27083358 0 37 theme coatings 119:126 arg1 agents 87:92 mechanical, O₂-barrier, and surface-modulating agents 40:92 mechanical, O₂-barrier, and surface-modulating agents of pullulan biocomposite coatings on BOPP 40:134 Microfibrillated cellulose and borax as mechanical, O₂-barrier, and surface-modulating agents of pullulan biocomposite coatings on BOPP. 27083358 0 37 theme coatings 119:126 arg1 cellulose 17:25 cellulose 17:25 cellulose 17:25 Microfibrillated cellulose and borax as mechanical, O₂-barrier, and surface-modulating agents of pullulan biocomposite coatings on BOPP. 27083358 0 37 theme coatings 119:126 arg1 borax 31:35 borax 31:35 borax 31:35 Microfibrillated cellulose and borax as mechanical, O₂-barrier, and surface-modulating agents of pullulan biocomposite coatings on BOPP. 27083358 3 38 from increase 603:610 arg1 modulus 627:633 the elastic modulus 615:633 the elastic modulus of the entire plastic substrate (from ∼2GPa of the neat BOPP to ∼3.1GPa of the P/B+/MFC-coated BOPP) 615:734 The deposition of the coatings yielded an increase in the elastic modulus of the entire plastic substrate (from ∼2GPa of the neat BOPP to ∼3.1GPa of the P/B+/MFC-coated BOPP). 27083358 6 39 dep surfaces 1103:1110 arg1 angle 1127:1131 water contact angle 1113:1131 water contact angle of ∼18° 1113:1139 The deposition of the high hydrophilic coatings allowed to obtain highly wettable surfaces (water contact angle of ∼18°). 27083358 0 40 from BOPP 131:134 arg1 agents 87:92 mechanical, O₂-barrier, and surface-modulating agents 40:92 mechanical, O₂-barrier, and surface-modulating agents of pullulan biocomposite coatings on BOPP 40:134 Microfibrillated cellulose and borax as mechanical, O₂-barrier, and surface-modulating agents of pullulan biocomposite coatings on BOPP. 27083358 0 40 from BOPP 131:134 arg1 cellulose 17:25 cellulose 17:25 cellulose 17:25 Microfibrillated cellulose and borax as mechanical, O₂-barrier, and surface-modulating agents of pullulan biocomposite coatings on BOPP. 27083358 0 40 from BOPP 131:134 arg1 borax 31:35 borax 31:35 borax 31:35 Microfibrillated cellulose and borax as mechanical, O₂-barrier, and surface-modulating agents of pullulan biocomposite coatings on BOPP. 27083358 0 41 theme O₂-barrier 52:61 arg1 agents 87:92 mechanical, O₂-barrier, and surface-modulating agents 40:92 mechanical, O₂-barrier, and surface-modulating agents of pullulan biocomposite coatings on BOPP 40:134 Microfibrillated cellulose and borax as mechanical, O₂-barrier, and surface-modulating agents of pullulan biocomposite coatings on BOPP. 27083358 0 41 theme O₂-barrier 52:61 arg1 cellulose 17:25 cellulose 17:25 cellulose 17:25 Microfibrillated cellulose and borax as mechanical, O₂-barrier, and surface-modulating agents of pullulan biocomposite coatings on BOPP. 27083358 0 41 theme O₂-barrier 52:61 arg1 borax 31:35 borax 31:35 borax 31:35 Microfibrillated cellulose and borax as mechanical, O₂-barrier, and surface-modulating agents of pullulan biocomposite coatings on BOPP. 27083358 4 42 theme neat 891:894 arg1 BOPP 896:899 the neat BOPP 887:899 the neat BOPP 887:899 The addition of MFC yielded a decrease of both static and kinetic coefficients of friction of approximately 22% and 25%, respectively, as compared to the neat BOPP. 27083358 4 43 theme % 855:855 arg1 friction 819:826 friction 819:826 friction of approximately 22% and 25%, respectively 819:869 The addition of MFC yielded a decrease of both static and kinetic coefficients of friction of approximately 22% and 25%, respectively, as compared to the neat BOPP. 27083358 3 44 theme coatings 583:590 arg1 deposition 565:574 The deposition 561:574 The deposition of the coatings 561:590 The deposition of the coatings yielded an increase in the elastic modulus of the entire plastic substrate (from ∼2GPa of the neat BOPP to ∼3.1GPa of the P/B+/MFC-coated BOPP). 27083358 6 45 theme coatings 1060:1067 arg1 deposition 1025:1034 The deposition 1021:1034 The deposition of the high hydrophilic coatings 1021:1067 The deposition of the high hydrophilic coatings allowed to obtain highly wettable surfaces (water contact angle of ∼18°). 27083358 2 46 theme hydroxyl 459:466 arg1 groups 468:473 the hydroxyl groups 455:473 the hydroxyl groups of boric acid 455:487 Spectroscopy analyses suggested that a first type of interaction occurred via hydrogen bonding between the C6OH group of pullulan and the hydroxyl groups of boric acid, while monodiol and didiol complexation represented a second mechanism. 27083358 2 46 theme hydroxyl 459:466 arg1 acid 484:487 boric acid 478:487 boric acid 478:487 Spectroscopy analyses suggested that a first type of interaction occurred via hydrogen bonding between the C6OH group of pullulan and the hydroxyl groups of boric acid, while monodiol and didiol complexation represented a second mechanism. 27083358 2 46 theme hydroxyl 459:466 arg1 pullulan 442:449 pullulan 442:449 pullulan 442:449 Spectroscopy analyses suggested that a first type of interaction occurred via hydrogen bonding between the C6OH group of pullulan and the hydroxyl groups of boric acid, while monodiol and didiol complexation represented a second mechanism. 27083358 0 47 from coatings 119:126 arg1 BOPP 131:134 BOPP 131:134 BOPP 131:134 Microfibrillated cellulose and borax as mechanical, O₂-barrier, and surface-modulating agents of pullulan biocomposite coatings on BOPP. 27083358 4 48 theme coefficients 803:814 arg1 decrease 767:774 a decrease 765:774 a decrease of both static and kinetic coefficients of friction of approximately 22% and 25%, respectively 765:869 The addition of MFC yielded a decrease of both static and kinetic coefficients of friction of approximately 22% and 25%, respectively, as compared to the neat BOPP. 27083358 3 49 theme elastic 619:625 arg1 modulus 627:633 the elastic modulus 615:633 the elastic modulus of the entire plastic substrate (from ∼2GPa of the neat BOPP to ∼3.1GPa of the P/B+/MFC-coated BOPP) 615:734 The deposition of the coatings yielded an increase in the elastic modulus of the entire plastic substrate (from ∼2GPa of the neat BOPP to ∼3.1GPa of the P/B+/MFC-coated BOPP). 27083358 3 50 theme P/B+/MFC-coated 714:728 arg1 BOPP 730:733 the P/B+/MFC-coated BOPP 710:733 the P/B+/MFC-coated BOPP 710:733 The deposition of the coatings yielded an increase in the elastic modulus of the entire plastic substrate (from ∼2GPa of the neat BOPP to ∼3.1GPa of the P/B+/MFC-coated BOPP). 27083358 3 51 theme substrate 657:665 arg1 modulus 627:633 the elastic modulus 615:633 the elastic modulus of the entire plastic substrate (from ∼2GPa of the neat BOPP to ∼3.1GPa of the P/B+/MFC-coated BOPP) 615:734 The deposition of the coatings yielded an increase in the elastic modulus of the entire plastic substrate (from ∼2GPa of the neat BOPP to ∼3.1GPa of the P/B+/MFC-coated BOPP). 27083358 1 52 theme Multifunctional 137:151 arg1 coatings 163:170 Multifunctional composite coatings 137:170 Multifunctional composite coatings on bi-oriented polypropylene (BOPP) films 137:212 Multifunctional composite coatings on bi-oriented polypropylene (BOPP) films were obtained using borax and microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) added to the main pullulan coating polymer. 27083358 3 53 from ∼2GPa 673:677 arg1 substrate 657:665 the entire plastic substrate 638:665 the entire plastic substrate (from ∼2GPa of the neat BOPP to ∼3.1GPa of the P/B+/MFC-coated BOPP) 638:734 The deposition of the coatings yielded an increase in the elastic modulus of the entire plastic substrate (from ∼2GPa of the neat BOPP to ∼3.1GPa of the P/B+/MFC-coated BOPP). 27083358 3 53 from ∼2GPa 673:677 arg1 modulus 627:633 the elastic modulus 615:633 the elastic modulus of the entire plastic substrate (from ∼2GPa of the neat BOPP to ∼3.1GPa of the P/B+/MFC-coated BOPP) 615:734 The deposition of the coatings yielded an increase in the elastic modulus of the entire plastic substrate (from ∼2GPa of the neat BOPP to ∼3.1GPa of the P/B+/MFC-coated BOPP). 27083358 5 54 theme oxygen 952:957 arg1 performance 967:977 the oxygen barrier performance 948:977 the oxygen barrier performance of BOPP 948:985 All composite coatings dramatically increased the oxygen barrier performance of BOPP, especially under dry conditions. 27083358 1 55 theme composite 153:161 arg1 coatings 163:170 Multifunctional composite coatings 137:170 Multifunctional composite coatings on bi-oriented polypropylene (BOPP) films 137:212 Multifunctional composite coatings on bi-oriented polypropylene (BOPP) films were obtained using borax and microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) added to the main pullulan coating polymer. 27083358 1 56 theme microfibrillated 244:259 arg1 MFC 272:274 MFC 272:274 MFC 272:274 Multifunctional composite coatings on bi-oriented polypropylene (BOPP) films were obtained using borax and microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) added to the main pullulan coating polymer. 27083358 1 56 theme microfibrillated 244:259 arg1 cellulose 261:269 microfibrillated cellulose 244:269 microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) 244:275 Multifunctional composite coatings on bi-oriented polypropylene (BOPP) films were obtained using borax and microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) added to the main pullulan coating polymer. 27083358 3 57 theme neat 686:689 arg1 BOPP 691:694 the neat BOPP 682:694 the neat BOPP 682:694 The deposition of the coatings yielded an increase in the elastic modulus of the entire plastic substrate (from ∼2GPa of the neat BOPP to ∼3.1GPa of the P/B+/MFC-coated BOPP). 27083358 5 58 theme barrier 959:965 arg1 performance 967:977 the oxygen barrier performance 948:977 the oxygen barrier performance of BOPP 948:985 All composite coatings dramatically increased the oxygen barrier performance of BOPP, especially under dry conditions. 27083358 6 59 theme hydrophilic 1048:1058 arg1 coatings 1060:1067 the high hydrophilic coatings 1039:1067 the high hydrophilic coatings 1039:1067 The deposition of the high hydrophilic coatings allowed to obtain highly wettable surfaces (water contact angle of ∼18°). 25263859 0 0 theme enzymatic 75:83 arg1 conversion 85:94 enzymatic conversion 75:94 enzymatic conversion of cellulose in corncob 75:118 Effects of acid impregnated steam explosion process on xylose recovery and enzymatic conversion of cellulose in corncob. 25263859 5 1 theme acid 789:792 arg1 residue 822:828 acid impregnated steam explosion residue 789:828 acid impregnated steam explosion residue of corncob (ASERC) 789:847 The maximum conversion of cellulose in acid impregnated steam explosion residue of corncob (ASERC) reached 85.3%, which was 1.6 times higher than that of AHRC. 25263859 5 1 theme acid 789:792 arg1 corncob 833:839 corncob 833:839 corncob (ASERC) 833:847 The maximum conversion of cellulose in acid impregnated steam explosion residue of corncob (ASERC) reached 85.3%, which was 1.6 times higher than that of AHRC. 25263859 4 2 theme cellulose 714:722 arg1 conversion 724:733 higher cellulose conversion 707:733 higher cellulose conversion 707:733 With the acid impregnated steam explosion process, both higher xylose recovery and higher cellulose conversion were obtained. 25263859 1 3 theme cellulose-rich 142:155 arg1 residue 129:135 Corncob residue 121:135 Corncob residue 121:135 Corncob residue is a cellulose-rich byproduct obtained from industrial xylose production via dilute acid hydrolysis processes. 25263859 1 3 theme cellulose-rich 142:155 arg1 byproduct 157:165 a cellulose-rich byproduct 140:165 a cellulose-rich byproduct obtained from industrial xylose production via dilute acid hydrolysis processes 140:245 Corncob residue is a cellulose-rich byproduct obtained from industrial xylose production via dilute acid hydrolysis processes. 25263859 8 4 from porosity 1144:1151 arg1 ASERC 1156:1160 ASERC 1156:1160 ASERC 1156:1160 The improved enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency was attributed to higher porosity in ASERC, measured by mercury porosimetry. 25263859 5 5 theme impregnated 794:804 arg1 residue 822:828 acid impregnated steam explosion residue 789:828 acid impregnated steam explosion residue of corncob (ASERC) 789:847 The maximum conversion of cellulose in acid impregnated steam explosion residue of corncob (ASERC) reached 85.3%, which was 1.6 times higher than that of AHRC. 25263859 5 5 theme impregnated 794:804 arg1 corncob 833:839 corncob 833:839 corncob (ASERC) 833:847 The maximum conversion of cellulose in acid impregnated steam explosion residue of corncob (ASERC) reached 85.3%, which was 1.6 times higher than that of AHRC. 25263859 4 6 theme higher 707:712 arg1 conversion 724:733 higher cellulose conversion 707:733 higher cellulose conversion 707:733 With the acid impregnated steam explosion process, both higher xylose recovery and higher cellulose conversion were obtained. 25263859 8 7 theme mercury 1175:1181 arg1 porosimetry 1183:1193 mercury porosimetry 1175:1193 mercury porosimetry 1175:1193 The improved enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency was attributed to higher porosity in ASERC, measured by mercury porosimetry. 25263859 0 8 from Effects 0:6 arg1 recovery 62:69 xylose recovery 55:69 xylose recovery 55:69 Effects of acid impregnated steam explosion process on xylose recovery and enzymatic conversion of cellulose in corncob. 25263859 0 8 from Effects 0:6 arg1 conversion 85:94 enzymatic conversion 75:94 enzymatic conversion of cellulose in corncob 75:118 Effects of acid impregnated steam explosion process on xylose recovery and enzymatic conversion of cellulose in corncob. 25263859 3 9 theme physiochemical 536:549 arg1 changes 551:557 physiochemical changes 536:557 physiochemical changes 536:557 In this work, the process characteristics of acid impregnated steam explosion were studied in conjunction with a dilute acid process, and their effects on physiochemical changes and enzymatic saccharification of corncob residue were compared. 25263859 3 10 theme enzymatic 563:571 arg1 saccharification 573:588 enzymatic saccharification 563:588 enzymatic saccharification 563:588 In this work, the process characteristics of acid impregnated steam explosion were studied in conjunction with a dilute acid process, and their effects on physiochemical changes and enzymatic saccharification of corncob residue were compared. 25263859 5 11 theme maximum 754:760 arg1 conversion 762:771 The maximum conversion 750:771 The maximum conversion of cellulose in acid impregnated steam explosion residue of corncob (ASERC) 750:847 The maximum conversion of cellulose in acid impregnated steam explosion residue of corncob (ASERC) reached 85.3%, which was 1.6 times higher than that of AHRC. 25263859 2 12 theme further 359:365 arg1 pretreatment 367:378 further pretreatment 359:378 further pretreatment 359:378 Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose in acid hydrolysis residue of corncob (AHRC) is often less efficient without further pretreatment. 25263859 2 13 theme hydrolysis 290:299 arg1 residue 301:307 acid hydrolysis residue 285:307 acid hydrolysis residue of corncob (AHRC) 285:325 Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose in acid hydrolysis residue of corncob (AHRC) is often less efficient without further pretreatment. 25263859 2 13 theme hydrolysis 290:299 arg1 corncob 312:318 corncob 312:318 corncob (AHRC) 312:325 Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose in acid hydrolysis residue of corncob (AHRC) is often less efficient without further pretreatment. 25263859 3 14 theme acid 426:429 arg1 explosion 449:457 acid impregnated steam explosion 426:457 acid impregnated steam explosion 426:457 In this work, the process characteristics of acid impregnated steam explosion were studied in conjunction with a dilute acid process, and their effects on physiochemical changes and enzymatic saccharification of corncob residue were compared. 25263859 3 15 theme steam 443:447 arg1 explosion 449:457 acid impregnated steam explosion 426:457 acid impregnated steam explosion 426:457 In this work, the process characteristics of acid impregnated steam explosion were studied in conjunction with a dilute acid process, and their effects on physiochemical changes and enzymatic saccharification of corncob residue were compared. 25263859 0 16 theme cellulose 99:107 arg1 recovery 62:69 xylose recovery 55:69 xylose recovery 55:69 Effects of acid impregnated steam explosion process on xylose recovery and enzymatic conversion of cellulose in corncob. 25263859 0 16 theme cellulose 99:107 arg1 conversion 85:94 enzymatic conversion 75:94 enzymatic conversion of cellulose in corncob 75:118 Effects of acid impregnated steam explosion process on xylose recovery and enzymatic conversion of cellulose in corncob. 25263859 5 17 theme steam 806:810 arg1 residue 822:828 acid impregnated steam explosion residue 789:828 acid impregnated steam explosion residue of corncob (ASERC) 789:847 The maximum conversion of cellulose in acid impregnated steam explosion residue of corncob (ASERC) reached 85.3%, which was 1.6 times higher than that of AHRC. 25263859 5 17 theme steam 806:810 arg1 corncob 833:839 corncob 833:839 corncob (ASERC) 833:847 The maximum conversion of cellulose in acid impregnated steam explosion residue of corncob (ASERC) reached 85.3%, which was 1.6 times higher than that of AHRC. 25263859 2 18 theme acid 285:288 arg1 residue 301:307 acid hydrolysis residue 285:307 acid hydrolysis residue of corncob (AHRC) 285:325 Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose in acid hydrolysis residue of corncob (AHRC) is often less efficient without further pretreatment. 25263859 2 18 theme acid 285:288 arg1 corncob 312:318 corncob 312:318 corncob (AHRC) 312:325 Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose in acid hydrolysis residue of corncob (AHRC) is often less efficient without further pretreatment. 25263859 3 19 theme explosion 449:457 arg1 characteristics 407:421 the process characteristics 395:421 the process characteristics of acid impregnated steam explosion 395:457 In this work, the process characteristics of acid impregnated steam explosion were studied in conjunction with a dilute acid process, and their effects on physiochemical changes and enzymatic saccharification of corncob residue were compared. 25263859 5 20 theme corncob 833:839 arg1 residue 822:828 acid impregnated steam explosion residue 789:828 acid impregnated steam explosion residue of corncob (ASERC) 789:847 The maximum conversion of cellulose in acid impregnated steam explosion residue of corncob (ASERC) reached 85.3%, which was 1.6 times higher than that of AHRC. 25263859 5 20 theme corncob 833:839 arg1 corncob 833:839 corncob 833:839 corncob (ASERC) 833:847 The maximum conversion of cellulose in acid impregnated steam explosion residue of corncob (ASERC) reached 85.3%, which was 1.6 times higher than that of AHRC. 25263859 4 21 theme explosion 656:664 arg1 process 666:672 the acid impregnated steam explosion process 629:672 the acid impregnated steam explosion process 629:672 With the acid impregnated steam explosion process, both higher xylose recovery and higher cellulose conversion were obtained. 25263859 8 22 theme improved 1078:1085 arg1 efficiency 1108:1117 The improved enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency 1074:1117 The improved enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency 1074:1117 The improved enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency was attributed to higher porosity in ASERC, measured by mercury porosimetry. 25263859 3 23 theme process 399:405 arg1 characteristics 407:421 the process characteristics 395:421 the process characteristics of acid impregnated steam explosion 395:457 In this work, the process characteristics of acid impregnated steam explosion were studied in conjunction with a dilute acid process, and their effects on physiochemical changes and enzymatic saccharification of corncob residue were compared. 25263859 1 24 theme industrial 181:190 arg1 production 199:208 industrial xylose production 181:208 industrial xylose production via dilute acid hydrolysis processes 181:245 Corncob residue is a cellulose-rich byproduct obtained from industrial xylose production via dilute acid hydrolysis processes. 25263859 1 25 theme xylose 192:197 arg1 production 199:208 industrial xylose production 181:208 industrial xylose production via dilute acid hydrolysis processes 181:245 Corncob residue is a cellulose-rich byproduct obtained from industrial xylose production via dilute acid hydrolysis processes. 25263859 0 26 theme impregnated 16:26 arg1 process 44:50 acid impregnated steam explosion process 11:50 acid impregnated steam explosion process 11:50 Effects of acid impregnated steam explosion process on xylose recovery and enzymatic conversion of cellulose in corncob. 25263859 8 27 theme hydrolysis 1097:1106 arg1 efficiency 1108:1117 The improved enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency 1074:1117 The improved enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency 1074:1117 The improved enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency was attributed to higher porosity in ASERC, measured by mercury porosimetry. 25263859 2 28 from hydrolysis 258:267 arg1 residue 301:307 acid hydrolysis residue 285:307 acid hydrolysis residue of corncob (AHRC) 285:325 Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose in acid hydrolysis residue of corncob (AHRC) is often less efficient without further pretreatment. 25263859 2 28 from hydrolysis 258:267 arg1 corncob 312:318 corncob 312:318 corncob (AHRC) 312:325 Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose in acid hydrolysis residue of corncob (AHRC) is often less efficient without further pretreatment. 25263859 4 29 theme steam 650:654 arg1 process 666:672 the acid impregnated steam explosion process 629:672 the acid impregnated steam explosion process 629:672 With the acid impregnated steam explosion process, both higher xylose recovery and higher cellulose conversion were obtained. 25263859 0 30 theme acid 11:14 arg1 process 44:50 acid impregnated steam explosion process 11:50 acid impregnated steam explosion process 11:50 Effects of acid impregnated steam explosion process on xylose recovery and enzymatic conversion of cellulose in corncob. 25263859 6 31 theme lignin 970:975 arg1 content 977:983 similar cellulose and lignin content 948:983 similar cellulose and lignin content in ASERC and AHRC 948:1001 Biomass compositional analysis showed similar cellulose and lignin content in ASERC and AHRC. 25263859 8 32 theme enzymatic 1087:1095 arg1 efficiency 1108:1117 The improved enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency 1074:1117 The improved enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency 1074:1117 The improved enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency was attributed to higher porosity in ASERC, measured by mercury porosimetry. 25263859 5 33 from conversion 762:771 arg1 residue 822:828 acid impregnated steam explosion residue 789:828 acid impregnated steam explosion residue of corncob (ASERC) 789:847 The maximum conversion of cellulose in acid impregnated steam explosion residue of corncob (ASERC) reached 85.3%, which was 1.6 times higher than that of AHRC. 25263859 5 33 from conversion 762:771 arg1 corncob 833:839 corncob 833:839 corncob (ASERC) 833:847 The maximum conversion of cellulose in acid impregnated steam explosion residue of corncob (ASERC) reached 85.3%, which was 1.6 times higher than that of AHRC. 25263859 2 34 theme corncob 312:318 arg1 residue 301:307 acid hydrolysis residue 285:307 acid hydrolysis residue of corncob (AHRC) 285:325 Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose in acid hydrolysis residue of corncob (AHRC) is often less efficient without further pretreatment. 25263859 2 34 theme corncob 312:318 arg1 corncob 312:318 corncob 312:318 corncob (AHRC) 312:325 Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose in acid hydrolysis residue of corncob (AHRC) is often less efficient without further pretreatment. 25263859 6 35 theme Biomass 910:916 arg1 analysis 932:939 Biomass compositional analysis 910:939 Biomass compositional analysis 910:939 Biomass compositional analysis showed similar cellulose and lignin content in ASERC and AHRC. 25263859 4 36 theme impregnated 638:648 arg1 process 666:672 the acid impregnated steam explosion process 629:672 the acid impregnated steam explosion process 629:672 With the acid impregnated steam explosion process, both higher xylose recovery and higher cellulose conversion were obtained. 25263859 0 37 theme explosion 34:42 arg1 process 44:50 acid impregnated steam explosion process 11:50 acid impregnated steam explosion process 11:50 Effects of acid impregnated steam explosion process on xylose recovery and enzymatic conversion of cellulose in corncob. 25263859 4 38 theme xylose 687:692 arg1 recovery 694:701 higher xylose recovery 680:701 higher xylose recovery 680:701 With the acid impregnated steam explosion process, both higher xylose recovery and higher cellulose conversion were obtained. 25263859 7 39 theme AHRC 1068:1071 arg1 crystallinity 1041:1053 comparable crystallinity 1030:1053 comparable crystallinity of ASERC and AHRC 1030:1071 XRD analysis demonstrated comparable crystallinity of ASERC and AHRC. 25263859 2 40 theme Enzymatic 248:256 arg1 hydrolysis 258:267 Enzymatic hydrolysis 248:267 Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose in acid hydrolysis residue of corncob (AHRC) 248:325 Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose in acid hydrolysis residue of corncob (AHRC) is often less efficient without further pretreatment. 25263859 3 41 theme impregnated 431:441 arg1 explosion 449:457 acid impregnated steam explosion 426:457 acid impregnated steam explosion 426:457 In this work, the process characteristics of acid impregnated steam explosion were studied in conjunction with a dilute acid process, and their effects on physiochemical changes and enzymatic saccharification of corncob residue were compared. 25263859 1 42 theme dilute 214:219 arg1 processes 237:245 dilute acid hydrolysis processes 214:245 dilute acid hydrolysis processes 214:245 Corncob residue is a cellulose-rich byproduct obtained from industrial xylose production via dilute acid hydrolysis processes. 25263859 0 43 theme steam 28:32 arg1 process 44:50 acid impregnated steam explosion process 11:50 acid impregnated steam explosion process 11:50 Effects of acid impregnated steam explosion process on xylose recovery and enzymatic conversion of cellulose in corncob. 25263859 6 44 theme cellulose 956:964 arg1 content 977:983 similar cellulose and lignin content 948:983 similar cellulose and lignin content in ASERC and AHRC 948:1001 Biomass compositional analysis showed similar cellulose and lignin content in ASERC and AHRC. 25263859 3 45 with conjunction 475:485 arg1 process 506:512 a dilute acid process 492:512 a dilute acid process 492:512 In this work, the process characteristics of acid impregnated steam explosion were studied in conjunction with a dilute acid process, and their effects on physiochemical changes and enzymatic saccharification of corncob residue were compared. 25263859 0 46 from recovery 62:69 arg1 corncob 112:118 corncob 112:118 corncob 112:118 Effects of acid impregnated steam explosion process on xylose recovery and enzymatic conversion of cellulose in corncob. 25263859 5 47 dep times 878:882 arg1 higher 884:889 higher 884:889 higher 884:889 The maximum conversion of cellulose in acid impregnated steam explosion residue of corncob (ASERC) reached 85.3%, which was 1.6 times higher than that of AHRC. 25263859 6 48 from content 977:983 arg1 AHRC 998:1001 AHRC 998:1001 AHRC 998:1001 Biomass compositional analysis showed similar cellulose and lignin content in ASERC and AHRC. 25263859 6 48 from content 977:983 arg1 ASERC 988:992 ASERC 988:992 ASERC 988:992 Biomass compositional analysis showed similar cellulose and lignin content in ASERC and AHRC. 25263859 1 49 theme acid 221:224 arg1 processes 237:245 dilute acid hydrolysis processes 214:245 dilute acid hydrolysis processes 214:245 Corncob residue is a cellulose-rich byproduct obtained from industrial xylose production via dilute acid hydrolysis processes. 25263859 5 50 theme 1.6 874:876 arg1 times 878:882 times 878:882 times 878:882 The maximum conversion of cellulose in acid impregnated steam explosion residue of corncob (ASERC) reached 85.3%, which was 1.6 times higher than that of AHRC. 25263859 7 51 theme ASERC 1058:1062 arg1 crystallinity 1041:1053 comparable crystallinity 1030:1053 comparable crystallinity of ASERC and AHRC 1030:1071 XRD analysis demonstrated comparable crystallinity of ASERC and AHRC. 25263859 3 52 theme corncob 593:599 arg1 residue 601:607 corncob residue 593:607 corncob residue 593:607 In this work, the process characteristics of acid impregnated steam explosion were studied in conjunction with a dilute acid process, and their effects on physiochemical changes and enzymatic saccharification of corncob residue were compared. 25263859 7 53 theme comparable 1030:1039 arg1 crystallinity 1041:1053 comparable crystallinity 1030:1053 comparable crystallinity of ASERC and AHRC 1030:1071 XRD analysis demonstrated comparable crystallinity of ASERC and AHRC. 25263859 3 54 theme dilute 494:499 arg1 process 506:512 a dilute acid process 492:512 a dilute acid process 492:512 In this work, the process characteristics of acid impregnated steam explosion were studied in conjunction with a dilute acid process, and their effects on physiochemical changes and enzymatic saccharification of corncob residue were compared. 25263859 0 55 theme process 44:50 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of acid impregnated steam explosion process on xylose recovery and enzymatic conversion of cellulose in corncob. 0:119 Effects of acid impregnated steam explosion process on xylose recovery and enzymatic conversion of cellulose in corncob. 25263859 3 56 theme residue 601:607 arg1 effects 525:531 their effects 519:531 their effects on physiochemical changes and enzymatic saccharification of corncob residue 519:607 In this work, the process characteristics of acid impregnated steam explosion were studied in conjunction with a dilute acid process, and their effects on physiochemical changes and enzymatic saccharification of corncob residue were compared. 25263859 7 57 theme XRD 1004:1006 arg1 analysis 1008:1015 XRD analysis 1004:1015 XRD analysis 1004:1015 XRD analysis demonstrated comparable crystallinity of ASERC and AHRC. 25263859 3 58 theme acid 501:504 arg1 process 506:512 a dilute acid process 492:512 a dilute acid process 492:512 In this work, the process characteristics of acid impregnated steam explosion were studied in conjunction with a dilute acid process, and their effects on physiochemical changes and enzymatic saccharification of corncob residue were compared. 25263859 4 59 theme higher 680:685 arg1 recovery 694:701 higher xylose recovery 680:701 higher xylose recovery 680:701 With the acid impregnated steam explosion process, both higher xylose recovery and higher cellulose conversion were obtained. 25263859 1 60 theme Corncob 121:127 arg1 residue 129:135 Corncob residue 121:135 Corncob residue 121:135 Corncob residue is a cellulose-rich byproduct obtained from industrial xylose production via dilute acid hydrolysis processes. 25263859 1 60 theme Corncob 121:127 arg1 byproduct 157:165 a cellulose-rich byproduct 140:165 a cellulose-rich byproduct obtained from industrial xylose production via dilute acid hydrolysis processes 140:245 Corncob residue is a cellulose-rich byproduct obtained from industrial xylose production via dilute acid hydrolysis processes. 25263859 1 61 theme hydrolysis 226:235 arg1 processes 237:245 dilute acid hydrolysis processes 214:245 dilute acid hydrolysis processes 214:245 Corncob residue is a cellulose-rich byproduct obtained from industrial xylose production via dilute acid hydrolysis processes. 25263859 8 62 theme higher 1137:1142 arg1 porosity 1144:1151 higher porosity 1137:1151 higher porosity 1137:1151 The improved enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency was attributed to higher porosity in ASERC, measured by mercury porosimetry. 25263859 2 63 theme cellulose 272:280 arg1 hydrolysis 258:267 Enzymatic hydrolysis 248:267 Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose in acid hydrolysis residue of corncob (AHRC) 248:325 Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose in acid hydrolysis residue of corncob (AHRC) is often less efficient without further pretreatment. 25263859 5 64 theme cellulose 776:784 arg1 conversion 762:771 The maximum conversion 750:771 The maximum conversion of cellulose in acid impregnated steam explosion residue of corncob (ASERC) 750:847 The maximum conversion of cellulose in acid impregnated steam explosion residue of corncob (ASERC) reached 85.3%, which was 1.6 times higher than that of AHRC. 25263859 0 65 from conversion 85:94 arg1 corncob 112:118 corncob 112:118 corncob 112:118 Effects of acid impregnated steam explosion process on xylose recovery and enzymatic conversion of cellulose in corncob. 25263859 4 66 theme acid 633:636 arg1 process 666:672 the acid impregnated steam explosion process 629:672 the acid impregnated steam explosion process 629:672 With the acid impregnated steam explosion process, both higher xylose recovery and higher cellulose conversion were obtained. 25263859 0 67 theme xylose 55:60 arg1 recovery 62:69 xylose recovery 55:69 xylose recovery 55:69 Effects of acid impregnated steam explosion process on xylose recovery and enzymatic conversion of cellulose in corncob. 25263859 6 68 theme compositional 918:930 arg1 analysis 932:939 Biomass compositional analysis 910:939 Biomass compositional analysis 910:939 Biomass compositional analysis showed similar cellulose and lignin content in ASERC and AHRC. 25263859 5 69 theme explosion 812:820 arg1 residue 822:828 acid impregnated steam explosion residue 789:828 acid impregnated steam explosion residue of corncob (ASERC) 789:847 The maximum conversion of cellulose in acid impregnated steam explosion residue of corncob (ASERC) reached 85.3%, which was 1.6 times higher than that of AHRC. 25263859 5 69 theme explosion 812:820 arg1 corncob 833:839 corncob 833:839 corncob (ASERC) 833:847 The maximum conversion of cellulose in acid impregnated steam explosion residue of corncob (ASERC) reached 85.3%, which was 1.6 times higher than that of AHRC. 25263859 3 70 from effects 525:531 arg1 changes 551:557 physiochemical changes 536:557 physiochemical changes 536:557 In this work, the process characteristics of acid impregnated steam explosion were studied in conjunction with a dilute acid process, and their effects on physiochemical changes and enzymatic saccharification of corncob residue were compared. 25263859 3 70 from effects 525:531 arg1 saccharification 573:588 enzymatic saccharification 563:588 enzymatic saccharification 563:588 In this work, the process characteristics of acid impregnated steam explosion were studied in conjunction with a dilute acid process, and their effects on physiochemical changes and enzymatic saccharification of corncob residue were compared. 25263859 6 71 theme similar 948:954 arg1 content 977:983 similar cellulose and lignin content 948:983 similar cellulose and lignin content in ASERC and AHRC 948:1001 Biomass compositional analysis showed similar cellulose and lignin content in ASERC and AHRC. 28407893 0 0 theme oligosaccharide 81:95 arg1 preparation 15:25 preparation 15:25 preparation 15:25 H2O2 oxidative preparation, characterization and antiradical activity of a novel oligosaccharide derived from flaxseed gum. 28407893 0 0 theme oligosaccharide 81:95 arg1 characterization 28:43 characterization 28:43 characterization 28:43 H2O2 oxidative preparation, characterization and antiradical activity of a novel oligosaccharide derived from flaxseed gum. 28407893 0 0 theme oligosaccharide 81:95 arg1 activity 61:68 antiradical activity 49:68 antiradical activity 49:68 H2O2 oxidative preparation, characterization and antiradical activity of a novel oligosaccharide derived from flaxseed gum. 28407893 5 1 theme DPPH 1025:1028 arg1 % 1035:1035 DPPH 52.74% 1025:1035 DPPH 52.74% 1025:1035 FGOS exhibited good free radical scavenging ability (OH 82.58%, DPPH 52.74% and ABTS 91.29% at most, respectively), suggesting its potent antiradical activity. 28407893 4 2 with arabinose 834:842 arg1 percentages 877:887 mole percentages 872:887 mole percentages of 8.26%, 7.54%, 12.85%, 7.93%, 29.31%, 14.28% and 19.82% respectively 872:958 Characterizations showed FGOS is acid glycopyranose that consists of rhamnose, fucose, xylose, mannose, arabinose, glucose and galactose with mole percentages of 8.26%, 7.54%, 12.85%, 7.93%, 29.31%, 14.28% and 19.82% respectively. 28407893 0 3 theme novel 75:79 arg1 oligosaccharide 81:95 a novel oligosaccharide 73:95 a novel oligosaccharide derived from flaxseed gum 73:121 H2O2 oxidative preparation, characterization and antiradical activity of a novel oligosaccharide derived from flaxseed gum. 28407893 1 4 dep properties 269:278 arg1 evaluation 322:331 antiradical activity evaluation 301:331 antiradical activity evaluation 301:331 In this present study, a novel flaxseed gum oligosaccharide (FGOS) was prepared by H2O2 oxidative degradation method followed by physicochemical properties characterization and antiradical activity evaluation. 28407893 1 4 dep properties 269:278 arg1 properties 269:278 physicochemical properties characterization and antiradical activity evaluation 253:331 physicochemical properties characterization and antiradical activity evaluation 253:331 In this present study, a novel flaxseed gum oligosaccharide (FGOS) was prepared by H2O2 oxidative degradation method followed by physicochemical properties characterization and antiradical activity evaluation. 28407893 1 4 dep properties 269:278 arg1 characterization 280:295 characterization 280:295 characterization 280:295 In this present study, a novel flaxseed gum oligosaccharide (FGOS) was prepared by H2O2 oxidative degradation method followed by physicochemical properties characterization and antiradical activity evaluation. 28407893 1 5 theme novel 149:153 arg1 oligosaccharide 168:182 a novel flaxseed gum oligosaccharide 147:182 a novel flaxseed gum oligosaccharide (FGOS) 147:189 In this present study, a novel flaxseed gum oligosaccharide (FGOS) was prepared by H2O2 oxidative degradation method followed by physicochemical properties characterization and antiradical activity evaluation. 28407893 1 5 theme novel 149:153 arg1 FGOS 185:188 FGOS 185:188 FGOS 185:188 In this present study, a novel flaxseed gum oligosaccharide (FGOS) was prepared by H2O2 oxidative degradation method followed by physicochemical properties characterization and antiradical activity evaluation. 28407893 4 6 dep FGOS 755:758 arg1 glycopyranose 768:780 acid glycopyranose 763:780 acid glycopyranose that consists of rhamnose, fucose, xylose, mannose, arabinose, glucose and galactose with mole percentages of 8.26%, 7.54%, 12.85%, 7.93%, 29.31%, 14.28% and 19.82% respectively 763:958 Characterizations showed FGOS is acid glycopyranose that consists of rhamnose, fucose, xylose, mannose, arabinose, glucose and galactose with mole percentages of 8.26%, 7.54%, 12.85%, 7.93%, 29.31%, 14.28% and 19.82% respectively. 28407893 2 7 theme 2.0h 519:522 arg1 time 511:514 reaction time 502:514 reaction time of 2.0h 502:522 Results indicated that the degradation rate of flaxseed gum is 37.81% under the optimum conditions (i.e., reaction temperature of 120°C, H2O2 concentration of 0.2M and reaction time of 2.0h) and FGOS as a reddish brown semisolid was obtained. 28407893 2 7 theme 2.0h 519:522 arg1 concentration 476:488 H2O2 concentration 471:488 H2O2 concentration of 0.2M 471:496 Results indicated that the degradation rate of flaxseed gum is 37.81% under the optimum conditions (i.e., reaction temperature of 120°C, H2O2 concentration of 0.2M and reaction time of 2.0h) and FGOS as a reddish brown semisolid was obtained. 28407893 2 7 theme 2.0h 519:522 arg1 conditions 422:431 the optimum conditions 410:431 the optimum conditions (i.e., reaction temperature of 120°C, H2O2 concentration of 0.2M and reaction time of 2.0h) 410:523 Results indicated that the degradation rate of flaxseed gum is 37.81% under the optimum conditions (i.e., reaction temperature of 120°C, H2O2 concentration of 0.2M and reaction time of 2.0h) and FGOS as a reddish brown semisolid was obtained. 28407893 4 8 theme acid 763:766 arg1 glycopyranose 768:780 acid glycopyranose 763:780 acid glycopyranose that consists of rhamnose, fucose, xylose, mannose, arabinose, glucose and galactose with mole percentages of 8.26%, 7.54%, 12.85%, 7.93%, 29.31%, 14.28% and 19.82% respectively 763:958 Characterizations showed FGOS is acid glycopyranose that consists of rhamnose, fucose, xylose, mannose, arabinose, glucose and galactose with mole percentages of 8.26%, 7.54%, 12.85%, 7.93%, 29.31%, 14.28% and 19.82% respectively. 28407893 4 9 with mannose 825:831 arg1 percentages 877:887 mole percentages 872:887 mole percentages of 8.26%, 7.54%, 12.85%, 7.93%, 29.31%, 14.28% and 19.82% respectively 872:958 Characterizations showed FGOS is acid glycopyranose that consists of rhamnose, fucose, xylose, mannose, arabinose, glucose and galactose with mole percentages of 8.26%, 7.54%, 12.85%, 7.93%, 29.31%, 14.28% and 19.82% respectively. 28407893 4 10 theme % 911:911 arg1 percentages 877:887 mole percentages 872:887 mole percentages of 8.26%, 7.54%, 12.85%, 7.93%, 29.31%, 14.28% and 19.82% respectively 872:958 Characterizations showed FGOS is acid glycopyranose that consists of rhamnose, fucose, xylose, mannose, arabinose, glucose and galactose with mole percentages of 8.26%, 7.54%, 12.85%, 7.93%, 29.31%, 14.28% and 19.82% respectively. 28407893 3 11 theme uronic 717:722 arg1 acid 724:727 uronic acid 717:727 uronic acid 717:727 Physicochemical properties identification showed that FGOS has a molecular weight of 1047Da and is a typical oligosaccharide which contains uronic acid. 28407893 1 12 theme physicochemical 253:267 arg1 evaluation 322:331 antiradical activity evaluation 301:331 antiradical activity evaluation 301:331 In this present study, a novel flaxseed gum oligosaccharide (FGOS) was prepared by H2O2 oxidative degradation method followed by physicochemical properties characterization and antiradical activity evaluation. 28407893 1 12 theme physicochemical 253:267 arg1 properties 269:278 physicochemical properties characterization and antiradical activity evaluation 253:331 physicochemical properties characterization and antiradical activity evaluation 253:331 In this present study, a novel flaxseed gum oligosaccharide (FGOS) was prepared by H2O2 oxidative degradation method followed by physicochemical properties characterization and antiradical activity evaluation. 28407893 1 12 theme physicochemical 253:267 arg1 characterization 280:295 characterization 280:295 characterization 280:295 In this present study, a novel flaxseed gum oligosaccharide (FGOS) was prepared by H2O2 oxidative degradation method followed by physicochemical properties characterization and antiradical activity evaluation. 28407893 3 13 contain contains 708:715 arg2 acid 724:727 uronic acid 717:727 uronic acid 717:727 Physicochemical properties identification showed that FGOS has a molecular weight of 1047Da and is a typical oligosaccharide which contains uronic acid. 28407893 3 13 contain contains 708:715 arg1 oligosaccharide 686:700 a typical oligosaccharide 676:700 a typical oligosaccharide which contains uronic acid 676:727 Physicochemical properties identification showed that FGOS has a molecular weight of 1047Da and is a typical oligosaccharide which contains uronic acid. 28407893 1 14 theme flaxseed 155:162 arg1 oligosaccharide 168:182 a novel flaxseed gum oligosaccharide 147:182 a novel flaxseed gum oligosaccharide (FGOS) 147:189 In this present study, a novel flaxseed gum oligosaccharide (FGOS) was prepared by H2O2 oxidative degradation method followed by physicochemical properties characterization and antiradical activity evaluation. 28407893 1 14 theme flaxseed 155:162 arg1 FGOS 185:188 FGOS 185:188 FGOS 185:188 In this present study, a novel flaxseed gum oligosaccharide (FGOS) was prepared by H2O2 oxidative degradation method followed by physicochemical properties characterization and antiradical activity evaluation. 28407893 0 15 theme flaxseed 110:117 arg1 gum 119:121 flaxseed gum 110:121 flaxseed gum 110:121 H2O2 oxidative preparation, characterization and antiradical activity of a novel oligosaccharide derived from flaxseed gum. 28407893 5 16 theme antiradical 1099:1109 arg1 activity 1111:1118 its potent antiradical activity 1088:1118 its potent antiradical activity 1088:1118 FGOS exhibited good free radical scavenging ability (OH 82.58%, DPPH 52.74% and ABTS 91.29% at most, respectively), suggesting its potent antiradical activity. 28407893 5 17 theme OH 1014:1015 arg1 % 1022:1022 OH 82.58% 1014:1022 OH 82.58% 1014:1022 FGOS exhibited good free radical scavenging ability (OH 82.58%, DPPH 52.74% and ABTS 91.29% at most, respectively), suggesting its potent antiradical activity. 28407893 1 18 theme gum 164:166 arg1 oligosaccharide 168:182 a novel flaxseed gum oligosaccharide 147:182 a novel flaxseed gum oligosaccharide (FGOS) 147:189 In this present study, a novel flaxseed gum oligosaccharide (FGOS) was prepared by H2O2 oxidative degradation method followed by physicochemical properties characterization and antiradical activity evaluation. 28407893 1 18 theme gum 164:166 arg1 FGOS 185:188 FGOS 185:188 FGOS 185:188 In this present study, a novel flaxseed gum oligosaccharide (FGOS) was prepared by H2O2 oxidative degradation method followed by physicochemical properties characterization and antiradical activity evaluation. 28407893 2 19 dep temperature 449:459 arg1 i.e. 434:437 i.e. 434:437 i.e. 434:437 Results indicated that the degradation rate of flaxseed gum is 37.81% under the optimum conditions (i.e., reaction temperature of 120°C, H2O2 concentration of 0.2M and reaction time of 2.0h) and FGOS as a reddish brown semisolid was obtained. 28407893 4 20 theme mole 872:875 arg1 percentages 877:887 mole percentages 872:887 mole percentages of 8.26%, 7.54%, 12.85%, 7.93%, 29.31%, 14.28% and 19.82% respectively 872:958 Characterizations showed FGOS is acid glycopyranose that consists of rhamnose, fucose, xylose, mannose, arabinose, glucose and galactose with mole percentages of 8.26%, 7.54%, 12.85%, 7.93%, 29.31%, 14.28% and 19.82% respectively. 28407893 2 21 theme reaction 440:447 arg1 temperature 449:459 reaction temperature 440:459 reaction temperature of 120°C 440:468 Results indicated that the degradation rate of flaxseed gum is 37.81% under the optimum conditions (i.e., reaction temperature of 120°C, H2O2 concentration of 0.2M and reaction time of 2.0h) and FGOS as a reddish brown semisolid was obtained. 28407893 4 22 theme % 934:934 arg1 percentages 877:887 mole percentages 872:887 mole percentages of 8.26%, 7.54%, 12.85%, 7.93%, 29.31%, 14.28% and 19.82% respectively 872:958 Characterizations showed FGOS is acid glycopyranose that consists of rhamnose, fucose, xylose, mannose, arabinose, glucose and galactose with mole percentages of 8.26%, 7.54%, 12.85%, 7.93%, 29.31%, 14.28% and 19.82% respectively. 28407893 5 23 theme radical 986:992 arg1 ability 1005:1011 good free radical scavenging ability 976:1011 good free radical scavenging ability 976:1011 FGOS exhibited good free radical scavenging ability (OH 82.58%, DPPH 52.74% and ABTS 91.29% at most, respectively), suggesting its potent antiradical activity. 28407893 3 24 contain has 636:638 arg1 FGOS 631:634 FGOS 631:634 FGOS 631:634 Physicochemical properties identification showed that FGOS has a molecular weight of 1047Da and is a typical oligosaccharide which contains uronic acid. 28407893 3 24 contain has 636:638 arg2 weight 652:657 a molecular weight 640:657 a molecular weight of 1047Da 640:667 Physicochemical properties identification showed that FGOS has a molecular weight of 1047Da and is a typical oligosaccharide which contains uronic acid. 28407893 4 25 theme % 945:945 arg1 percentages 877:887 mole percentages 872:887 mole percentages of 8.26%, 7.54%, 12.85%, 7.93%, 29.31%, 14.28% and 19.82% respectively 872:958 Characterizations showed FGOS is acid glycopyranose that consists of rhamnose, fucose, xylose, mannose, arabinose, glucose and galactose with mole percentages of 8.26%, 7.54%, 12.85%, 7.93%, 29.31%, 14.28% and 19.82% respectively. 28407893 4 26 theme % 896:896 arg1 percentages 877:887 mole percentages 872:887 mole percentages of 8.26%, 7.54%, 12.85%, 7.93%, 29.31%, 14.28% and 19.82% respectively 872:958 Characterizations showed FGOS is acid glycopyranose that consists of rhamnose, fucose, xylose, mannose, arabinose, glucose and galactose with mole percentages of 8.26%, 7.54%, 12.85%, 7.93%, 29.31%, 14.28% and 19.82% respectively. 28407893 5 27 theme free 981:984 arg1 radical 986:992 free radical 981:992 good free radical scavenging ability 976:1011 FGOS exhibited good free radical scavenging ability (OH 82.58%, DPPH 52.74% and ABTS 91.29% at most, respectively), suggesting its potent antiradical activity. 28407893 2 28 theme H2O2 471:474 arg1 concentration 476:488 H2O2 concentration 471:488 H2O2 concentration of 0.2M 471:496 Results indicated that the degradation rate of flaxseed gum is 37.81% under the optimum conditions (i.e., reaction temperature of 120°C, H2O2 concentration of 0.2M and reaction time of 2.0h) and FGOS as a reddish brown semisolid was obtained. 28407893 2 28 theme H2O2 471:474 arg1 conditions 422:431 the optimum conditions 410:431 the optimum conditions (i.e., reaction temperature of 120°C, H2O2 concentration of 0.2M and reaction time of 2.0h) 410:523 Results indicated that the degradation rate of flaxseed gum is 37.81% under the optimum conditions (i.e., reaction temperature of 120°C, H2O2 concentration of 0.2M and reaction time of 2.0h) and FGOS as a reddish brown semisolid was obtained. 28407893 1 29 theme antiradical 301:311 arg1 evaluation 322:331 antiradical activity evaluation 301:331 antiradical activity evaluation 301:331 In this present study, a novel flaxseed gum oligosaccharide (FGOS) was prepared by H2O2 oxidative degradation method followed by physicochemical properties characterization and antiradical activity evaluation. 28407893 1 29 theme antiradical 301:311 arg1 properties 269:278 physicochemical properties characterization and antiradical activity evaluation 253:331 physicochemical properties characterization and antiradical activity evaluation 253:331 In this present study, a novel flaxseed gum oligosaccharide (FGOS) was prepared by H2O2 oxidative degradation method followed by physicochemical properties characterization and antiradical activity evaluation. 28407893 4 30 theme % 903:903 arg1 percentages 877:887 mole percentages 872:887 mole percentages of 8.26%, 7.54%, 12.85%, 7.93%, 29.31%, 14.28% and 19.82% respectively 872:958 Characterizations showed FGOS is acid glycopyranose that consists of rhamnose, fucose, xylose, mannose, arabinose, glucose and galactose with mole percentages of 8.26%, 7.54%, 12.85%, 7.93%, 29.31%, 14.28% and 19.82% respectively. 28407893 3 31 theme molecular 642:650 arg1 weight 652:657 a molecular weight 640:657 a molecular weight of 1047Da 640:667 Physicochemical properties identification showed that FGOS has a molecular weight of 1047Da and is a typical oligosaccharide which contains uronic acid. 28407893 2 32 theme optimum 414:420 arg1 time 511:514 reaction time 502:514 reaction time of 2.0h 502:522 Results indicated that the degradation rate of flaxseed gum is 37.81% under the optimum conditions (i.e., reaction temperature of 120°C, H2O2 concentration of 0.2M and reaction time of 2.0h) and FGOS as a reddish brown semisolid was obtained. 28407893 2 32 theme optimum 414:420 arg1 concentration 476:488 H2O2 concentration 471:488 H2O2 concentration of 0.2M 471:496 Results indicated that the degradation rate of flaxseed gum is 37.81% under the optimum conditions (i.e., reaction temperature of 120°C, H2O2 concentration of 0.2M and reaction time of 2.0h) and FGOS as a reddish brown semisolid was obtained. 28407893 2 32 theme optimum 414:420 arg1 conditions 422:431 the optimum conditions 410:431 the optimum conditions (i.e., reaction temperature of 120°C, H2O2 concentration of 0.2M and reaction time of 2.0h) 410:523 Results indicated that the degradation rate of flaxseed gum is 37.81% under the optimum conditions (i.e., reaction temperature of 120°C, H2O2 concentration of 0.2M and reaction time of 2.0h) and FGOS as a reddish brown semisolid was obtained. 28407893 4 33 theme % 926:926 arg1 percentages 877:887 mole percentages 872:887 mole percentages of 8.26%, 7.54%, 12.85%, 7.93%, 29.31%, 14.28% and 19.82% respectively 872:958 Characterizations showed FGOS is acid glycopyranose that consists of rhamnose, fucose, xylose, mannose, arabinose, glucose and galactose with mole percentages of 8.26%, 7.54%, 12.85%, 7.93%, 29.31%, 14.28% and 19.82% respectively. 28407893 1 34 theme activity 313:320 arg1 evaluation 322:331 antiradical activity evaluation 301:331 antiradical activity evaluation 301:331 In this present study, a novel flaxseed gum oligosaccharide (FGOS) was prepared by H2O2 oxidative degradation method followed by physicochemical properties characterization and antiradical activity evaluation. 28407893 1 34 theme activity 313:320 arg1 properties 269:278 physicochemical properties characterization and antiradical activity evaluation 253:331 physicochemical properties characterization and antiradical activity evaluation 253:331 In this present study, a novel flaxseed gum oligosaccharide (FGOS) was prepared by H2O2 oxidative degradation method followed by physicochemical properties characterization and antiradical activity evaluation. 28407893 5 35 theme scavenging 994:1003 arg1 ability 1005:1011 good free radical scavenging ability 976:1011 good free radical scavenging ability 976:1011 FGOS exhibited good free radical scavenging ability (OH 82.58%, DPPH 52.74% and ABTS 91.29% at most, respectively), suggesting its potent antiradical activity. 28407893 3 36 theme Physicochemical 577:591 arg1 properties 593:602 Physicochemical properties 577:602 Physicochemical properties identification 577:617 Physicochemical properties identification showed that FGOS has a molecular weight of 1047Da and is a typical oligosaccharide which contains uronic acid. 28407893 2 37 theme reaction 502:509 arg1 time 511:514 reaction time 502:514 reaction time of 2.0h 502:522 Results indicated that the degradation rate of flaxseed gum is 37.81% under the optimum conditions (i.e., reaction temperature of 120°C, H2O2 concentration of 0.2M and reaction time of 2.0h) and FGOS as a reddish brown semisolid was obtained. 28407893 2 37 theme reaction 502:509 arg1 conditions 422:431 the optimum conditions 410:431 the optimum conditions (i.e., reaction temperature of 120°C, H2O2 concentration of 0.2M and reaction time of 2.0h) 410:523 Results indicated that the degradation rate of flaxseed gum is 37.81% under the optimum conditions (i.e., reaction temperature of 120°C, H2O2 concentration of 0.2M and reaction time of 2.0h) and FGOS as a reddish brown semisolid was obtained. 28407893 2 38 theme 120°C 464:468 arg1 temperature 449:459 reaction temperature 440:459 reaction temperature of 120°C 440:468 Results indicated that the degradation rate of flaxseed gum is 37.81% under the optimum conditions (i.e., reaction temperature of 120°C, H2O2 concentration of 0.2M and reaction time of 2.0h) and FGOS as a reddish brown semisolid was obtained. 28407893 5 39 theme ABTS 1041:1044 arg1 % 1051:1051 ABTS 91.29% 1041:1051 ABTS 91.29% at most 1041:1059 FGOS exhibited good free radical scavenging ability (OH 82.58%, DPPH 52.74% and ABTS 91.29% at most, respectively), suggesting its potent antiradical activity. 28407893 2 40 theme semisolid 553:561 arg1 reddish 539:545 a reddish brown semisolid 537:561 a reddish brown semisolid 537:561 Results indicated that the degradation rate of flaxseed gum is 37.81% under the optimum conditions (i.e., reaction temperature of 120°C, H2O2 concentration of 0.2M and reaction time of 2.0h) and FGOS as a reddish brown semisolid was obtained. 28407893 2 41 theme degradation 361:371 arg1 % 402:402 37.81% 397:402 37.81% 397:402 Results indicated that the degradation rate of flaxseed gum is 37.81% under the optimum conditions (i.e., reaction temperature of 120°C, H2O2 concentration of 0.2M and reaction time of 2.0h) and FGOS as a reddish brown semisolid was obtained. 28407893 2 41 theme degradation 361:371 arg1 rate 373:376 the degradation rate 357:376 the degradation rate of flaxseed gum 357:392 Results indicated that the degradation rate of flaxseed gum is 37.81% under the optimum conditions (i.e., reaction temperature of 120°C, H2O2 concentration of 0.2M and reaction time of 2.0h) and FGOS as a reddish brown semisolid was obtained. 28407893 0 42 theme antiradical 49:59 arg1 activity 61:68 antiradical activity 49:68 antiradical activity 49:68 H2O2 oxidative preparation, characterization and antiradical activity of a novel oligosaccharide derived from flaxseed gum. 28407893 2 43 theme brown 547:551 arg1 reddish 539:545 a reddish brown semisolid 537:561 a reddish brown semisolid 537:561 Results indicated that the degradation rate of flaxseed gum is 37.81% under the optimum conditions (i.e., reaction temperature of 120°C, H2O2 concentration of 0.2M and reaction time of 2.0h) and FGOS as a reddish brown semisolid was obtained. 28407893 3 44 theme 1047Da 662:667 arg1 weight 652:657 a molecular weight 640:657 a molecular weight of 1047Da 640:667 Physicochemical properties identification showed that FGOS has a molecular weight of 1047Da and is a typical oligosaccharide which contains uronic acid. 28407893 2 45 dep conditions 422:431 arg1 time 511:514 reaction time 502:514 reaction time of 2.0h 502:522 Results indicated that the degradation rate of flaxseed gum is 37.81% under the optimum conditions (i.e., reaction temperature of 120°C, H2O2 concentration of 0.2M and reaction time of 2.0h) and FGOS as a reddish brown semisolid was obtained. 28407893 2 45 dep conditions 422:431 arg1 concentration 476:488 H2O2 concentration 471:488 H2O2 concentration of 0.2M 471:496 Results indicated that the degradation rate of flaxseed gum is 37.81% under the optimum conditions (i.e., reaction temperature of 120°C, H2O2 concentration of 0.2M and reaction time of 2.0h) and FGOS as a reddish brown semisolid was obtained. 28407893 2 45 dep conditions 422:431 arg1 conditions 422:431 the optimum conditions 410:431 the optimum conditions (i.e., reaction temperature of 120°C, H2O2 concentration of 0.2M and reaction time of 2.0h) 410:523 Results indicated that the degradation rate of flaxseed gum is 37.81% under the optimum conditions (i.e., reaction temperature of 120°C, H2O2 concentration of 0.2M and reaction time of 2.0h) and FGOS as a reddish brown semisolid was obtained. 28407893 4 46 with galactose 857:865 arg1 percentages 877:887 mole percentages 872:887 mole percentages of 8.26%, 7.54%, 12.85%, 7.93%, 29.31%, 14.28% and 19.82% respectively 872:958 Characterizations showed FGOS is acid glycopyranose that consists of rhamnose, fucose, xylose, mannose, arabinose, glucose and galactose with mole percentages of 8.26%, 7.54%, 12.85%, 7.93%, 29.31%, 14.28% and 19.82% respectively. 28407893 5 47 theme potent 1092:1097 arg1 activity 1111:1118 its potent antiradical activity 1088:1118 its potent antiradical activity 1088:1118 FGOS exhibited good free radical scavenging ability (OH 82.58%, DPPH 52.74% and ABTS 91.29% at most, respectively), suggesting its potent antiradical activity. 28407893 0 48 attach derived 97:103 arg2 oligosaccharide 81:95 a novel oligosaccharide 73:95 a novel oligosaccharide derived from flaxseed gum 73:121 H2O2 oxidative preparation, characterization and antiradical activity of a novel oligosaccharide derived from flaxseed gum. 28407893 0 48 attach derived 97:103 arg1 gum 119:121 flaxseed gum 110:121 flaxseed gum 110:121 H2O2 oxidative preparation, characterization and antiradical activity of a novel oligosaccharide derived from flaxseed gum. 28407893 1 49 theme present 132:138 arg1 study 140:144 this present study 127:144 this present study 127:144 In this present study, a novel flaxseed gum oligosaccharide (FGOS) was prepared by H2O2 oxidative degradation method followed by physicochemical properties characterization and antiradical activity evaluation. 28407893 1 50 theme H2O2 207:210 arg1 method 234:239 H2O2 oxidative degradation method 207:239 H2O2 oxidative degradation method followed by physicochemical properties characterization and antiradical activity evaluation 207:331 In this present study, a novel flaxseed gum oligosaccharide (FGOS) was prepared by H2O2 oxidative degradation method followed by physicochemical properties characterization and antiradical activity evaluation. 28407893 4 51 theme % 918:918 arg1 percentages 877:887 mole percentages 872:887 mole percentages of 8.26%, 7.54%, 12.85%, 7.93%, 29.31%, 14.28% and 19.82% respectively 872:958 Characterizations showed FGOS is acid glycopyranose that consists of rhamnose, fucose, xylose, mannose, arabinose, glucose and galactose with mole percentages of 8.26%, 7.54%, 12.85%, 7.93%, 29.31%, 14.28% and 19.82% respectively. 28407893 5 52 theme good 976:979 arg1 ability 1005:1011 good free radical scavenging ability 976:1011 good free radical scavenging ability 976:1011 FGOS exhibited good free radical scavenging ability (OH 82.58%, DPPH 52.74% and ABTS 91.29% at most, respectively), suggesting its potent antiradical activity. 28407893 3 53 theme properties 593:602 arg1 identification 604:617 Physicochemical properties identification 577:617 Physicochemical properties identification 577:617 Physicochemical properties identification showed that FGOS has a molecular weight of 1047Da and is a typical oligosaccharide which contains uronic acid. 28407893 2 54 theme gum 390:392 arg1 % 402:402 37.81% 397:402 37.81% 397:402 Results indicated that the degradation rate of flaxseed gum is 37.81% under the optimum conditions (i.e., reaction temperature of 120°C, H2O2 concentration of 0.2M and reaction time of 2.0h) and FGOS as a reddish brown semisolid was obtained. 28407893 2 54 theme gum 390:392 arg1 rate 373:376 the degradation rate 357:376 the degradation rate of flaxseed gum 357:392 Results indicated that the degradation rate of flaxseed gum is 37.81% under the optimum conditions (i.e., reaction temperature of 120°C, H2O2 concentration of 0.2M and reaction time of 2.0h) and FGOS as a reddish brown semisolid was obtained. 28407893 4 55 with glucose 845:851 arg1 percentages 877:887 mole percentages 872:887 mole percentages of 8.26%, 7.54%, 12.85%, 7.93%, 29.31%, 14.28% and 19.82% respectively 872:958 Characterizations showed FGOS is acid glycopyranose that consists of rhamnose, fucose, xylose, mannose, arabinose, glucose and galactose with mole percentages of 8.26%, 7.54%, 12.85%, 7.93%, 29.31%, 14.28% and 19.82% respectively. 28407893 1 56 theme oxidative 212:220 arg1 method 234:239 H2O2 oxidative degradation method 207:239 H2O2 oxidative degradation method followed by physicochemical properties characterization and antiradical activity evaluation 207:331 In this present study, a novel flaxseed gum oligosaccharide (FGOS) was prepared by H2O2 oxidative degradation method followed by physicochemical properties characterization and antiradical activity evaluation. 28407893 2 57 theme 0.2M 493:496 arg1 time 511:514 reaction time 502:514 reaction time of 2.0h 502:522 Results indicated that the degradation rate of flaxseed gum is 37.81% under the optimum conditions (i.e., reaction temperature of 120°C, H2O2 concentration of 0.2M and reaction time of 2.0h) and FGOS as a reddish brown semisolid was obtained. 28407893 2 57 theme 0.2M 493:496 arg1 concentration 476:488 H2O2 concentration 471:488 H2O2 concentration of 0.2M 471:496 Results indicated that the degradation rate of flaxseed gum is 37.81% under the optimum conditions (i.e., reaction temperature of 120°C, H2O2 concentration of 0.2M and reaction time of 2.0h) and FGOS as a reddish brown semisolid was obtained. 28407893 2 57 theme 0.2M 493:496 arg1 conditions 422:431 the optimum conditions 410:431 the optimum conditions (i.e., reaction temperature of 120°C, H2O2 concentration of 0.2M and reaction time of 2.0h) 410:523 Results indicated that the degradation rate of flaxseed gum is 37.81% under the optimum conditions (i.e., reaction temperature of 120°C, H2O2 concentration of 0.2M and reaction time of 2.0h) and FGOS as a reddish brown semisolid was obtained. 28407893 3 58 theme typical 678:684 arg1 oligosaccharide 686:700 a typical oligosaccharide 676:700 a typical oligosaccharide which contains uronic acid 676:727 Physicochemical properties identification showed that FGOS has a molecular weight of 1047Da and is a typical oligosaccharide which contains uronic acid. 28407893 2 59 theme flaxseed 381:388 arg1 gum 390:392 flaxseed gum 381:392 flaxseed gum 381:392 Results indicated that the degradation rate of flaxseed gum is 37.81% under the optimum conditions (i.e., reaction temperature of 120°C, H2O2 concentration of 0.2M and reaction time of 2.0h) and FGOS as a reddish brown semisolid was obtained. 28407893 1 60 theme degradation 222:232 arg1 method 234:239 H2O2 oxidative degradation method 207:239 H2O2 oxidative degradation method followed by physicochemical properties characterization and antiradical activity evaluation 207:331 In this present study, a novel flaxseed gum oligosaccharide (FGOS) was prepared by H2O2 oxidative degradation method followed by physicochemical properties characterization and antiradical activity evaluation. 27459232 0 0 theme dynamic 90:96 arg1 model 107:111 a dynamic in vitro model 88:111 a dynamic in vitro model 88:111 Ureteral double-J stents performances toward encrustation after long-term indwelling in a dynamic in vitro model. 27459232 3 1 theme encrustation 668:679 arg1 level 659:663 an increasing level 645:663 an increasing level of encrustation which remains particularly low in the case of two polyurethane stents 645:749 Morphological, compositional, and qualitative analyses were carried out both before stent insertion and after stent permanence for the different time steps, showing an increasing level of encrustation which remains particularly low in the case of two polyurethane stents. 27459232 7 2 dep Res 1155:1157 arg1 105B 1182:1185 105B 1182:1185 105B 1182:1185 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2244-2253, 2017. 27459232 7 2 dep Res 1155:1157 arg1 B 1164:1164 Part B 1159:1164 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2244-2253, 2017. 1140:1203 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2244-2253, 2017. 27459232 7 2 dep Res 1155:1157 arg1 Biomater 1172:1179 Biomater 1172:1179 Biomater 1172:1179 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2244-2253, 2017. 27459232 7 2 dep Res 1155:1157 arg1 2244-2253 1188:1196 2244-2253 1188:1196 2244-2253 1188:1196 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2244-2253, 2017. 27459232 2 3 theme selected 341:348 arg1 steps 355:359 selected time steps 341:359 selected time steps of 1, 3, and 6 months 341:381 The aim was to evaluate, at selected time steps of 1, 3, and 6 months, the material performances of the stents in preventing the formation of inorganic encrustations. 27459232 3 4 theme increasing 648:657 arg1 level 659:663 an increasing level 645:663 an increasing level of encrustation which remains particularly low in the case of two polyurethane stents 645:749 Morphological, compositional, and qualitative analyses were carried out both before stent insertion and after stent permanence for the different time steps, showing an increasing level of encrustation which remains particularly low in the case of two polyurethane stents. 27459232 1 5 theme different 171:179 arg1 materials 181:189 different materials 171:189 different materials 171:189 Three different single-lumen double-J ureteral stents of different materials were studied and compared after the insertion into a dynamic in vitro model with sterile artificial urine up to 6 months. 27459232 5 6 theme time 1097:1100 arg1 steps 1102:1106 the different time steps 1083:1106 the different time steps 1083:1106 Evaluation of the wetting behavior of the stent outer surfaces indicates a hydrophilic behavior in most of the cases, which is generally preserved after immersion in artificial urine for the different time steps. 27459232 3 7 theme Morphological 480:492 arg1 analyses 526:533 Morphological, compositional, and qualitative analyses 480:533 Morphological, compositional, and qualitative analyses 480:533 Morphological, compositional, and qualitative analyses were carried out both before stent insertion and after stent permanence for the different time steps, showing an increasing level of encrustation which remains particularly low in the case of two polyurethane stents. 27459232 7 8 theme Part 1159:1162 arg1 B 1164:1164 Part B 1159:1164 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2244-2253, 2017. 1140:1203 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2244-2253, 2017. 27459232 0 9 theme in 98:99 arg1 model 107:111 a dynamic in vitro model 88:111 a dynamic in vitro model 88:111 Ureteral double-J stents performances toward encrustation after long-term indwelling in a dynamic in vitro model. 27459232 3 10 theme qualitative 514:524 arg1 analyses 526:533 Morphological, compositional, and qualitative analyses 480:533 Morphological, compositional, and qualitative analyses 480:533 Morphological, compositional, and qualitative analyses were carried out both before stent insertion and after stent permanence for the different time steps, showing an increasing level of encrustation which remains particularly low in the case of two polyurethane stents. 27459232 1 11 theme sterile 272:278 arg1 up 297:298 sterile artificial urine up 272:298 sterile artificial urine up to 6 months 272:310 Three different single-lumen double-J ureteral stents of different materials were studied and compared after the insertion into a dynamic in vitro model with sterile artificial urine up to 6 months. 27459232 3 12 theme compositional 495:507 arg1 analyses 526:533 Morphological, compositional, and qualitative analyses 480:533 Morphological, compositional, and qualitative analyses 480:533 Morphological, compositional, and qualitative analyses were carried out both before stent insertion and after stent permanence for the different time steps, showing an increasing level of encrustation which remains particularly low in the case of two polyurethane stents. 27459232 1 13 theme materials 181:189 arg1 stents 161:166 Three different single-lumen double-J ureteral stents 114:166 Three different single-lumen double-J ureteral stents of different materials 114:189 Three different single-lumen double-J ureteral stents of different materials were studied and compared after the insertion into a dynamic in vitro model with sterile artificial urine up to 6 months. 27459232 2 14 theme encrustations 465:477 arg1 formation 442:450 the formation 438:450 the formation of inorganic encrustations 438:477 The aim was to evaluate, at selected time steps of 1, 3, and 6 months, the material performances of the stents in preventing the formation of inorganic encrustations. 27459232 5 15 theme artificial 1062:1071 arg1 urine 1073:1077 artificial urine 1062:1077 artificial urine for the different time steps 1062:1106 Evaluation of the wetting behavior of the stent outer surfaces indicates a hydrophilic behavior in most of the cases, which is generally preserved after immersion in artificial urine for the different time steps. 27459232 0 16 dep in 98:99 arg1 vitro 101:105 vitro 101:105 vitro 101:105 Ureteral double-J stents performances toward encrustation after long-term indwelling in a dynamic in vitro model. 27459232 3 17 from case 719:722 arg1 low 708:710 low 708:710 low 708:710 Morphological, compositional, and qualitative analyses were carried out both before stent insertion and after stent permanence for the different time steps, showing an increasing level of encrustation which remains particularly low in the case of two polyurethane stents. 27459232 2 18 theme 1 364:364 arg1 steps 355:359 selected time steps 341:359 selected time steps of 1, 3, and 6 months 341:381 The aim was to evaluate, at selected time steps of 1, 3, and 6 months, the material performances of the stents in preventing the formation of inorganic encrustations. 27459232 0 19 theme Ureteral 0:7 arg1 double-J 9:16 Ureteral double-J 0:16 Ureteral double-J 0:16 Ureteral double-J stents performances toward encrustation after long-term indwelling in a dynamic in vitro model. 27459232 1 20 theme artificial 280:289 arg1 up 297:298 sterile artificial urine up 272:298 sterile artificial urine up to 6 months 272:310 Three different single-lumen double-J ureteral stents of different materials were studied and compared after the insertion into a dynamic in vitro model with sterile artificial urine up to 6 months. 27459232 4 21 theme chitosan 816:823 arg1 one 825:827 the chitosan one 812:827 the chitosan one 812:827 Mechanical tests show that both the polyurethane stents and the chitosan one do not decrease the tensile strength after 6 months of indwelling. 27459232 3 22 theme time 625:628 arg1 steps 630:634 the different time steps 611:634 the different time steps 611:634 Morphological, compositional, and qualitative analyses were carried out both before stent insertion and after stent permanence for the different time steps, showing an increasing level of encrustation which remains particularly low in the case of two polyurethane stents. 27459232 2 23 theme material 388:395 arg1 performances 397:408 the material performances 384:408 the material performances of the stents in preventing the formation of inorganic encrustations 384:477 The aim was to evaluate, at selected time steps of 1, 3, and 6 months, the material performances of the stents in preventing the formation of inorganic encrustations. 27459232 1 24 theme urine 291:295 arg1 up 297:298 sterile artificial urine up 272:298 sterile artificial urine up to 6 months 272:310 Three different single-lumen double-J ureteral stents of different materials were studied and compared after the insertion into a dynamic in vitro model with sterile artificial urine up to 6 months. 27459232 4 25 theme indwelling 884:893 arg1 6 months 872:879 6 months 872:879 6 months of indwelling 872:893 Mechanical tests show that both the polyurethane stents and the chitosan one do not decrease the tensile strength after 6 months of indwelling. 27459232 5 26 theme wetting 914:920 arg1 behavior 922:929 the wetting behavior 910:929 the wetting behavior of the stent outer surfaces 910:957 Evaluation of the wetting behavior of the stent outer surfaces indicates a hydrophilic behavior in most of the cases, which is generally preserved after immersion in artificial urine for the different time steps. 27459232 3 27 from low 708:710 arg1 case 719:722 the case 715:722 the case of two polyurethane stents 715:749 Morphological, compositional, and qualitative analyses were carried out both before stent insertion and after stent permanence for the different time steps, showing an increasing level of encrustation which remains particularly low in the case of two polyurethane stents. 27459232 5 28 theme stent 938:942 arg1 surfaces 950:957 the stent outer surfaces 934:957 the stent outer surfaces 934:957 Evaluation of the wetting behavior of the stent outer surfaces indicates a hydrophilic behavior in most of the cases, which is generally preserved after immersion in artificial urine for the different time steps. 27459232 3 29 theme different 615:623 arg1 steps 630:634 the different time steps 611:634 the different time steps 611:634 Morphological, compositional, and qualitative analyses were carried out both before stent insertion and after stent permanence for the different time steps, showing an increasing level of encrustation which remains particularly low in the case of two polyurethane stents. 27459232 5 30 theme behavior 922:929 arg1 Evaluation 896:905 Evaluation 896:905 Evaluation of the wetting behavior of the stent outer surfaces 896:957 Evaluation of the wetting behavior of the stent outer surfaces indicates a hydrophilic behavior in most of the cases, which is generally preserved after immersion in artificial urine for the different time steps. 27459232 5 31 from behavior 983:990 arg1 most 995:998 most 995:998 most 995:998 Evaluation of the wetting behavior of the stent outer surfaces indicates a hydrophilic behavior in most of the cases, which is generally preserved after immersion in artificial urine for the different time steps. 27459232 5 31 from behavior 983:990 arg1 cases 1007:1011 the cases 1003:1011 the cases 1003:1011 Evaluation of the wetting behavior of the stent outer surfaces indicates a hydrophilic behavior in most of the cases, which is generally preserved after immersion in artificial urine for the different time steps. 27459232 2 32 theme 6 months 374:381 arg1 steps 355:359 selected time steps 341:359 selected time steps of 1, 3, and 6 months 341:381 The aim was to evaluate, at selected time steps of 1, 3, and 6 months, the material performances of the stents in preventing the formation of inorganic encrustations. 27459232 1 33 dep in 252:253 arg1 vitro 255:259 vitro 255:259 vitro 255:259 Three different single-lumen double-J ureteral stents of different materials were studied and compared after the insertion into a dynamic in vitro model with sterile artificial urine up to 6 months. 27459232 3 34 theme stent 564:568 arg1 insertion 570:578 stent insertion 564:578 stent insertion 564:578 Morphological, compositional, and qualitative analyses were carried out both before stent insertion and after stent permanence for the different time steps, showing an increasing level of encrustation which remains particularly low in the case of two polyurethane stents. 27459232 6 35 dep © 1109:1109 arg1 Inc. 1135:1138 Inc. 1135:1138 Inc. 1135:1138 © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 27459232 2 36 theme 3 367:367 arg1 steps 355:359 selected time steps 341:359 selected time steps of 1, 3, and 6 months 341:381 The aim was to evaluate, at selected time steps of 1, 3, and 6 months, the material performances of the stents in preventing the formation of inorganic encrustations. 27459232 3 37 theme stents 744:749 arg1 case 719:722 the case 715:722 the case of two polyurethane stents 715:749 Morphological, compositional, and qualitative analyses were carried out both before stent insertion and after stent permanence for the different time steps, showing an increasing level of encrustation which remains particularly low in the case of two polyurethane stents. 27459232 0 38 theme long-term 64:72 arg1 indwelling 74:83 long-term indwelling 64:83 long-term indwelling in a dynamic in vitro model 64:111 Ureteral double-J stents performances toward encrustation after long-term indwelling in a dynamic in vitro model. 27459232 0 39 from indwelling 74:83 arg1 model 107:111 a dynamic in vitro model 88:111 a dynamic in vitro model 88:111 Ureteral double-J stents performances toward encrustation after long-term indwelling in a dynamic in vitro model. 27459232 5 40 theme different 1087:1095 arg1 steps 1102:1106 the different time steps 1083:1106 the different time steps 1083:1106 Evaluation of the wetting behavior of the stent outer surfaces indicates a hydrophilic behavior in most of the cases, which is generally preserved after immersion in artificial urine for the different time steps. 27459232 4 41 theme tensile 849:855 arg1 strength 857:864 the tensile strength 845:864 the tensile strength 845:864 Mechanical tests show that both the polyurethane stents and the chitosan one do not decrease the tensile strength after 6 months of indwelling. 27459232 4 42 theme polyurethane 788:799 arg1 stents 801:806 the polyurethane stents 784:806 the polyurethane stents 784:806 Mechanical tests show that both the polyurethane stents and the chitosan one do not decrease the tensile strength after 6 months of indwelling. 27459232 1 43 theme different 120:128 arg1 stents 161:166 Three different single-lumen double-J ureteral stents 114:166 Three different single-lumen double-J ureteral stents of different materials 114:189 Three different single-lumen double-J ureteral stents of different materials were studied and compared after the insertion into a dynamic in vitro model with sterile artificial urine up to 6 months. 27459232 3 44 theme polyurethane 731:742 arg1 stents 744:749 two polyurethane stents 727:749 two polyurethane stents 727:749 Morphological, compositional, and qualitative analyses were carried out both before stent insertion and after stent permanence for the different time steps, showing an increasing level of encrustation which remains particularly low in the case of two polyurethane stents. 27459232 5 45 theme surfaces 950:957 arg1 behavior 922:929 the wetting behavior 910:929 the wetting behavior of the stent outer surfaces 910:957 Evaluation of the wetting behavior of the stent outer surfaces indicates a hydrophilic behavior in most of the cases, which is generally preserved after immersion in artificial urine for the different time steps. 27459232 3 46 theme stent 590:594 arg1 permanence 596:605 stent permanence 590:605 stent permanence 590:605 Morphological, compositional, and qualitative analyses were carried out both before stent insertion and after stent permanence for the different time steps, showing an increasing level of encrustation which remains particularly low in the case of two polyurethane stents. 27459232 1 47 with model 261:265 arg1 up 297:298 sterile artificial urine up 272:298 sterile artificial urine up to 6 months 272:310 Three different single-lumen double-J ureteral stents of different materials were studied and compared after the insertion into a dynamic in vitro model with sterile artificial urine up to 6 months. 27459232 1 48 theme single-lumen 130:141 arg1 stents 161:166 Three different single-lumen double-J ureteral stents 114:166 Three different single-lumen double-J ureteral stents of different materials 114:189 Three different single-lumen double-J ureteral stents of different materials were studied and compared after the insertion into a dynamic in vitro model with sterile artificial urine up to 6 months. 27459232 5 49 theme outer 944:948 arg1 surfaces 950:957 the stent outer surfaces 934:957 the stent outer surfaces 934:957 Evaluation of the wetting behavior of the stent outer surfaces indicates a hydrophilic behavior in most of the cases, which is generally preserved after immersion in artificial urine for the different time steps. 27459232 4 50 theme Mechanical 752:761 arg1 tests 763:767 Mechanical tests 752:767 Mechanical tests 752:767 Mechanical tests show that both the polyurethane stents and the chitosan one do not decrease the tensile strength after 6 months of indwelling. 27459232 1 51 theme double-J 143:150 arg1 stents 161:166 Three different single-lumen double-J ureteral stents 114:166 Three different single-lumen double-J ureteral stents of different materials 114:189 Three different single-lumen double-J ureteral stents of different materials were studied and compared after the insertion into a dynamic in vitro model with sterile artificial urine up to 6 months. 27459232 2 52 theme inorganic 455:463 arg1 encrustations 465:477 inorganic encrustations 455:477 inorganic encrustations 455:477 The aim was to evaluate, at selected time steps of 1, 3, and 6 months, the material performances of the stents in preventing the formation of inorganic encrustations. 27459232 1 53 theme ureteral 152:159 arg1 stents 161:166 Three different single-lumen double-J ureteral stents 114:166 Three different single-lumen double-J ureteral stents of different materials 114:189 Three different single-lumen double-J ureteral stents of different materials were studied and compared after the insertion into a dynamic in vitro model with sterile artificial urine up to 6 months. 27459232 1 54 theme dynamic 244:250 arg1 model 261:265 a dynamic in vitro model 242:265 a dynamic in vitro model with sterile artificial urine up to 6 months 242:310 Three different single-lumen double-J ureteral stents of different materials were studied and compared after the insertion into a dynamic in vitro model with sterile artificial urine up to 6 months. 27459232 2 55 theme stents 417:422 arg1 performances 397:408 the material performances 384:408 the material performances of the stents in preventing the formation of inorganic encrustations 384:477 The aim was to evaluate, at selected time steps of 1, 3, and 6 months, the material performances of the stents in preventing the formation of inorganic encrustations. 27459232 5 56 theme hydrophilic 971:981 arg1 behavior 983:990 a hydrophilic behavior 969:990 a hydrophilic behavior 969:990 Evaluation of the wetting behavior of the stent outer surfaces indicates a hydrophilic behavior in most of the cases, which is generally preserved after immersion in artificial urine for the different time steps. 27459232 2 57 theme time 350:353 arg1 steps 355:359 selected time steps 341:359 selected time steps of 1, 3, and 6 months 341:381 The aim was to evaluate, at selected time steps of 1, 3, and 6 months, the material performances of the stents in preventing the formation of inorganic encrustations. 27459232 1 58 theme in 252:253 arg1 model 261:265 a dynamic in vitro model 242:265 a dynamic in vitro model with sterile artificial urine up to 6 months 242:310 Three different single-lumen double-J ureteral stents of different materials were studied and compared after the insertion into a dynamic in vitro model with sterile artificial urine up to 6 months. 28987501 0 0 theme Alveolar 92:99 arg1 Wounds 101:106 Postextractive Alveolar Wounds 77:106 Postextractive Alveolar Wounds 77:106 Composite Alginate-Hyaluronan Sponges for the Delivery of Tranexamic Acid in Postextractive Alveolar Wounds. 28987501 1 1 theme healing 262:268 arg1 process 270:276 a nonsatisfactory healing process 244:276 a nonsatisfactory healing process 244:276 The management of wounds in patients on anticoagulant therapy who require oral surgical procedures is problematic and often results in a nonsatisfactory healing process. 28987501 2 2 theme acid 481:484 arg1 release 459:465 a fast release 452:465 a fast release of tranexamic acid (TA) 452:489 Here, we report a method to prepare an advanced dressing able to avoid uncontrolled bleeding by occluding the postextractive alveolar wounds, and simultaneously, capable of a fast release of tranexamic acid (TA). 28987501 1 3 from therapy 163:169 arg1 problematic 211:221 problematic 211:221 problematic 211:221 The management of wounds in patients on anticoagulant therapy who require oral surgical procedures is problematic and often results in a nonsatisfactory healing process. 28987501 1 3 from therapy 163:169 arg1 management 113:122 The management 109:122 The management of wounds in patients on anticoagulant therapy who require oral surgical procedures 109:206 The management of wounds in patients on anticoagulant therapy who require oral surgical procedures is problematic and often results in a nonsatisfactory healing process. 28987501 3 4 theme Composite 492:500 arg1 ALG/HA 523:528 ALG/HA 523:528 ALG/HA 523:528 Composite alginate/hyaluronan (ALG/HA) sponge dressings loaded with TA were prepared by a straightforward internal gelation method followed by a freeze-drying step. 28987501 3 4 theme Composite 492:500 arg1 alginate/hyaluronan 502:520 Composite alginate/hyaluronan 492:520 Composite alginate/hyaluronan (ALG/HA) sponge dressings loaded with TA 492:561 Composite alginate/hyaluronan (ALG/HA) sponge dressings loaded with TA were prepared by a straightforward internal gelation method followed by a freeze-drying step. 28987501 6 5 theme HA 870:871 arg1 integration 855:865 The integration 851:865 The integration of HA 851:871 The integration of HA influenced the microstructure, reducing the porosity, modifying the water uptake kinetic, and increasing the resistance to compression. 28987501 7 6 dep h 1076:1076 arg1 up 1068:1069 up 1068:1069 up 1068:1069 TA release from ALG/HA sponges showed a controlled release up to 3 h, and it was faster in the presence of HA. 28987501 2 7 dep method 297:302 arg1 prepare 307:313 prepare 307:313 to prepare an advanced dressing able to avoid uncontrolled bleeding by occluding the postextractive alveolar wounds 304:418 Here, we report a method to prepare an advanced dressing able to avoid uncontrolled bleeding by occluding the postextractive alveolar wounds, and simultaneously, capable of a fast release of tranexamic acid (TA). 28987501 2 7 dep method 297:302 arg1 capable 441:447 capable 441:447 capable 441:447 Here, we report a method to prepare an advanced dressing able to avoid uncontrolled bleeding by occluding the postextractive alveolar wounds, and simultaneously, capable of a fast release of tranexamic acid (TA). 28987501 4 8 from nature 757:762 arg1 soft 697:700 soft 697:700 soft 697:700 Both blank and drug-loaded sponges were soft, flexible, and elegant in appearance and nonbrittle in nature. 28987501 3 9 theme sponge 531:536 arg1 dressings 538:546 Composite alginate/hyaluronan (ALG/HA) sponge dressings 492:546 Composite alginate/hyaluronan (ALG/HA) sponge dressings loaded with TA 492:561 Composite alginate/hyaluronan (ALG/HA) sponge dressings loaded with TA were prepared by a straightforward internal gelation method followed by a freeze-drying step. 28987501 8 10 theme ALG/HA20 1290:1297 arg1 sponges 1299:1305 ALG/HA20 sponges 1290:1305 ALG/HA20 sponges 1290:1305 Finally, an in vitro clotting test performed on human whole blood confirmed that the TA-loaded sponges significantly reduce the blood clotting index by 30% compared with ALG/HA20 sponges. 28987501 9 11 theme dental 1439:1444 arg1 extractions 1446:1456 dental extractions 1439:1456 dental extractions 1439:1456 These results suggest that, if placed in a socket cavity, these dressings could give a relevant help to the blood hemostasis after dental extractions, especially in patients with coagulation disorders. 28987501 9 12 theme blood 1416:1420 arg1 hemostasis 1422:1431 the blood hemostasis 1412:1431 the blood hemostasis 1412:1431 These results suggest that, if placed in a socket cavity, these dressings could give a relevant help to the blood hemostasis after dental extractions, especially in patients with coagulation disorders. 28987501 4 13 from nonbrittle 743:752 arg1 soft 697:700 soft 697:700 soft 697:700 Both blank and drug-loaded sponges were soft, flexible, and elegant in appearance and nonbrittle in nature. 28987501 9 14 theme coagulation 1487:1497 arg1 disorders 1499:1507 coagulation disorders 1487:1507 coagulation disorders 1487:1507 These results suggest that, if placed in a socket cavity, these dressings could give a relevant help to the blood hemostasis after dental extractions, especially in patients with coagulation disorders. 28987501 8 15 theme TA-loaded 1205:1213 arg1 sponges 1215:1221 the TA-loaded sponges 1201:1221 the TA-loaded sponges 1201:1221 Finally, an in vitro clotting test performed on human whole blood confirmed that the TA-loaded sponges significantly reduce the blood clotting index by 30% compared with ALG/HA20 sponges. 28987501 2 16 theme alveolar 404:411 arg1 wounds 413:418 the postextractive alveolar wounds 385:418 the postextractive alveolar wounds 385:418 Here, we report a method to prepare an advanced dressing able to avoid uncontrolled bleeding by occluding the postextractive alveolar wounds, and simultaneously, capable of a fast release of tranexamic acid (TA). 28987501 8 17 theme whole 1174:1178 arg1 blood 1180:1184 human whole blood 1168:1184 human whole blood 1168:1184 Finally, an in vitro clotting test performed on human whole blood confirmed that the TA-loaded sponges significantly reduce the blood clotting index by 30% compared with ALG/HA20 sponges. 28987501 0 18 from Delivery 46:53 arg1 Wounds 101:106 Postextractive Alveolar Wounds 77:106 Postextractive Alveolar Wounds 77:106 Composite Alginate-Hyaluronan Sponges for the Delivery of Tranexamic Acid in Postextractive Alveolar Wounds. 28987501 5 19 theme Scanning 765:772 arg1 microscopy 783:792 Scanning electron microscopy 765:792 Scanning electron microscopy analysis 765:801 Scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed the porous nature of these dressings. 28987501 7 20 from sponges 1032:1038 arg1 release 1012:1018 TA release 1009:1018 TA release from ALG/HA sponges 1009:1038 TA release from ALG/HA sponges showed a controlled release up to 3 h, and it was faster in the presence of HA. 28987501 1 21 theme oral 183:186 arg1 procedures 197:206 oral surgical procedures 183:206 oral surgical procedures 183:206 The management of wounds in patients on anticoagulant therapy who require oral surgical procedures is problematic and often results in a nonsatisfactory healing process. 28987501 0 22 theme Alginate-Hyaluronan 10:28 arg1 Sponges 30:36 Composite Alginate-Hyaluronan Sponges 0:36 Composite Alginate-Hyaluronan Sponges for the Delivery of Tranexamic Acid in Postextractive Alveolar Wounds. 0:107 Composite Alginate-Hyaluronan Sponges for the Delivery of Tranexamic Acid in Postextractive Alveolar Wounds. 28987501 0 23 theme Postextractive 77:90 arg1 Wounds 101:106 Postextractive Alveolar Wounds 77:106 Postextractive Alveolar Wounds 77:106 Composite Alginate-Hyaluronan Sponges for the Delivery of Tranexamic Acid in Postextractive Alveolar Wounds. 28987501 1 24 from patients 137:144 arg1 therapy 163:169 anticoagulant therapy 149:169 anticoagulant therapy 149:169 The management of wounds in patients on anticoagulant therapy who require oral surgical procedures is problematic and often results in a nonsatisfactory healing process. 28987501 1 25 theme surgical 188:195 arg1 procedures 197:206 oral surgical procedures 183:206 oral surgical procedures 183:206 The management of wounds in patients on anticoagulant therapy who require oral surgical procedures is problematic and often results in a nonsatisfactory healing process. 28987501 0 26 theme Composite 0:8 arg1 Sponges 30:36 Composite Alginate-Hyaluronan Sponges 0:36 Composite Alginate-Hyaluronan Sponges for the Delivery of Tranexamic Acid in Postextractive Alveolar Wounds. 0:107 Composite Alginate-Hyaluronan Sponges for the Delivery of Tranexamic Acid in Postextractive Alveolar Wounds. 28987501 8 27 theme human 1168:1172 arg1 blood 1180:1184 human whole blood 1168:1184 human whole blood 1168:1184 Finally, an in vitro clotting test performed on human whole blood confirmed that the TA-loaded sponges significantly reduce the blood clotting index by 30% compared with ALG/HA20 sponges. 28987501 4 28 theme blank 662:666 arg1 sponges 684:690 Both blank and drug-loaded sponges 657:690 sponges 684:690 Both blank and drug-loaded sponges were soft, flexible, and elegant in appearance and nonbrittle in nature. 28987501 5 29 theme porous 817:822 arg1 nature 824:829 the porous nature 813:829 the porous nature of these dressings 813:848 Scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed the porous nature of these dressings. 28987501 9 30 dep relevant 1395:1402 arg1 help 1404:1407 help 1404:1407 help 1404:1407 These results suggest that, if placed in a socket cavity, these dressings could give a relevant help to the blood hemostasis after dental extractions, especially in patients with coagulation disorders. 28987501 5 31 theme microscopy 783:792 arg1 analysis 794:801 Scanning electron microscopy analysis 765:801 Scanning electron microscopy analysis 765:801 Scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed the porous nature of these dressings. 28987501 3 32 theme freeze-drying 637:649 arg1 step 651:654 a freeze-drying step 635:654 a freeze-drying step 635:654 Composite alginate/hyaluronan (ALG/HA) sponge dressings loaded with TA were prepared by a straightforward internal gelation method followed by a freeze-drying step. 28987501 2 33 theme release 459:465 arg1 capable 441:447 capable 441:447 capable 441:447 Here, we report a method to prepare an advanced dressing able to avoid uncontrolled bleeding by occluding the postextractive alveolar wounds, and simultaneously, capable of a fast release of tranexamic acid (TA). 28987501 2 34 theme tranexamic 470:479 arg1 TA 487:488 TA 487:488 TA 487:488 Here, we report a method to prepare an advanced dressing able to avoid uncontrolled bleeding by occluding the postextractive alveolar wounds, and simultaneously, capable of a fast release of tranexamic acid (TA). 28987501 2 34 theme tranexamic 470:479 arg1 acid 481:484 tranexamic acid 470:484 tranexamic acid (TA) 470:489 Here, we report a method to prepare an advanced dressing able to avoid uncontrolled bleeding by occluding the postextractive alveolar wounds, and simultaneously, capable of a fast release of tranexamic acid (TA). 28987501 2 35 theme able 336:339 arg1 dressing 327:334 an advanced dressing 315:334 an advanced dressing able to avoid uncontrolled bleeding by occluding the postextractive alveolar wounds 315:418 Here, we report a method to prepare an advanced dressing able to avoid uncontrolled bleeding by occluding the postextractive alveolar wounds, and simultaneously, capable of a fast release of tranexamic acid (TA). 28987501 7 36 theme controlled 1049:1058 arg1 release 1060:1066 a controlled release 1047:1066 a controlled release up to 3 h 1047:1076 TA release from ALG/HA sponges showed a controlled release up to 3 h, and it was faster in the presence of HA. 28987501 6 37 theme kinetic 954:960 arg1 uptake 947:952 the water uptake kinetic 937:960 the water uptake kinetic 937:960 The integration of HA influenced the microstructure, reducing the porosity, modifying the water uptake kinetic, and increasing the resistance to compression. 28987501 5 38 theme dressings 840:848 arg1 nature 824:829 the porous nature 813:829 the porous nature of these dressings 813:848 Scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed the porous nature of these dressings. 28987501 5 39 theme electron 774:781 arg1 microscopy 783:792 Scanning electron microscopy 765:792 Scanning electron microscopy analysis 765:801 Scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed the porous nature of these dressings. 28987501 7 40 theme HA 1116:1117 arg1 presence 1104:1111 the presence 1100:1111 the presence of HA 1100:1117 TA release from ALG/HA sponges showed a controlled release up to 3 h, and it was faster in the presence of HA. 28987501 3 41 theme straightforward 582:596 arg1 method 616:621 a straightforward internal gelation method 580:621 a straightforward internal gelation method followed by a freeze-drying step 580:654 Composite alginate/hyaluronan (ALG/HA) sponge dressings loaded with TA were prepared by a straightforward internal gelation method followed by a freeze-drying step. 28987501 9 42 theme socket 1351:1356 arg1 cavity 1358:1363 a socket cavity 1349:1363 a socket cavity 1349:1363 These results suggest that, if placed in a socket cavity, these dressings could give a relevant help to the blood hemostasis after dental extractions, especially in patients with coagulation disorders. 28987501 8 43 theme clotting 1141:1148 arg1 test 1150:1153 an in vitro clotting test 1129:1153 an in vitro clotting test performed on human whole blood 1129:1184 Finally, an in vitro clotting test performed on human whole blood confirmed that the TA-loaded sponges significantly reduce the blood clotting index by 30% compared with ALG/HA20 sponges. 28987501 0 44 theme Tranexamic 58:67 arg1 Acid 69:72 Tranexamic Acid 58:72 Tranexamic Acid 58:72 Composite Alginate-Hyaluronan Sponges for the Delivery of Tranexamic Acid in Postextractive Alveolar Wounds. 28987501 6 45 theme water 941:945 arg1 uptake 947:952 the water uptake kinetic 937:960 the water uptake kinetic 937:960 The integration of HA influenced the microstructure, reducing the porosity, modifying the water uptake kinetic, and increasing the resistance to compression. 28987501 9 46 with patients 1473:1480 arg1 disorders 1499:1507 coagulation disorders 1487:1507 coagulation disorders 1487:1507 These results suggest that, if placed in a socket cavity, these dressings could give a relevant help to the blood hemostasis after dental extractions, especially in patients with coagulation disorders. 28987501 8 47 theme clotting 1254:1261 arg1 index 1263:1267 the blood clotting index 1244:1267 the blood clotting index 1244:1267 Finally, an in vitro clotting test performed on human whole blood confirmed that the TA-loaded sponges significantly reduce the blood clotting index by 30% compared with ALG/HA20 sponges. 28987501 2 48 theme fast 454:457 arg1 release 459:465 a fast release 452:465 a fast release of tranexamic acid (TA) 452:489 Here, we report a method to prepare an advanced dressing able to avoid uncontrolled bleeding by occluding the postextractive alveolar wounds, and simultaneously, capable of a fast release of tranexamic acid (TA). 28987501 4 49 from appearance 728:737 arg1 soft 697:700 soft 697:700 soft 697:700 Both blank and drug-loaded sponges were soft, flexible, and elegant in appearance and nonbrittle in nature. 28987501 1 50 theme wounds 127:132 arg1 problematic 211:221 problematic 211:221 problematic 211:221 The management of wounds in patients on anticoagulant therapy who require oral surgical procedures is problematic and often results in a nonsatisfactory healing process. 28987501 1 50 theme wounds 127:132 arg1 management 113:122 The management 109:122 The management of wounds in patients on anticoagulant therapy who require oral surgical procedures 109:206 The management of wounds in patients on anticoagulant therapy who require oral surgical procedures is problematic and often results in a nonsatisfactory healing process. 28987501 7 51 theme ALG/HA 1025:1030 arg1 sponges 1032:1038 ALG/HA sponges 1025:1038 ALG/HA sponges 1025:1038 TA release from ALG/HA sponges showed a controlled release up to 3 h, and it was faster in the presence of HA. 28987501 4 52 theme drug-loaded 672:682 arg1 sponges 684:690 Both blank and drug-loaded sponges 657:690 sponges 684:690 Both blank and drug-loaded sponges were soft, flexible, and elegant in appearance and nonbrittle in nature. 28987501 1 53 from management 113:122 arg1 patients 137:144 patients 137:144 patients on anticoagulant therapy who require oral surgical procedures 137:206 The management of wounds in patients on anticoagulant therapy who require oral surgical procedures is problematic and often results in a nonsatisfactory healing process. 28987501 1 53 from management 113:122 arg1 therapy 163:169 anticoagulant therapy 149:169 anticoagulant therapy 149:169 The management of wounds in patients on anticoagulant therapy who require oral surgical procedures is problematic and often results in a nonsatisfactory healing process. 28987501 7 54 theme TA 1009:1010 arg1 release 1012:1018 TA release 1009:1018 TA release from ALG/HA sponges 1009:1038 TA release from ALG/HA sponges showed a controlled release up to 3 h, and it was faster in the presence of HA. 28987501 8 55 theme in vitro 1132:1139 arg1 test 1150:1153 an in vitro clotting test 1129:1153 an in vitro clotting test performed on human whole blood 1129:1184 Finally, an in vitro clotting test performed on human whole blood confirmed that the TA-loaded sponges significantly reduce the blood clotting index by 30% compared with ALG/HA20 sponges. 28987501 2 56 theme advanced 318:325 arg1 dressing 327:334 an advanced dressing 315:334 an advanced dressing able to avoid uncontrolled bleeding by occluding the postextractive alveolar wounds 315:418 Here, we report a method to prepare an advanced dressing able to avoid uncontrolled bleeding by occluding the postextractive alveolar wounds, and simultaneously, capable of a fast release of tranexamic acid (TA). 28987501 6 57 dep influenced 873:882 arg1 modifying 927:935 modifying 927:935 modifying the water uptake kinetic 927:960 The integration of HA influenced the microstructure, reducing the porosity, modifying the water uptake kinetic, and increasing the resistance to compression. 28987501 6 57 dep influenced 873:882 arg1 reducing 904:911 reducing 904:911 reducing the porosity 904:924 The integration of HA influenced the microstructure, reducing the porosity, modifying the water uptake kinetic, and increasing the resistance to compression. 28987501 6 57 dep influenced 873:882 arg1 increasing 967:976 increasing 967:976 increasing the resistance to compression 967:1006 The integration of HA influenced the microstructure, reducing the porosity, modifying the water uptake kinetic, and increasing the resistance to compression. 28987501 8 58 theme blood 1248:1252 arg1 index 1263:1267 the blood clotting index 1244:1267 the blood clotting index 1244:1267 Finally, an in vitro clotting test performed on human whole blood confirmed that the TA-loaded sponges significantly reduce the blood clotting index by 30% compared with ALG/HA20 sponges. 28987501 3 59 theme internal 598:605 arg1 method 616:621 a straightforward internal gelation method 580:621 a straightforward internal gelation method followed by a freeze-drying step 580:654 Composite alginate/hyaluronan (ALG/HA) sponge dressings loaded with TA were prepared by a straightforward internal gelation method followed by a freeze-drying step. 28987501 3 60 theme alginate/hyaluronan 502:520 arg1 dressings 538:546 Composite alginate/hyaluronan (ALG/HA) sponge dressings 492:546 Composite alginate/hyaluronan (ALG/HA) sponge dressings loaded with TA 492:561 Composite alginate/hyaluronan (ALG/HA) sponge dressings loaded with TA were prepared by a straightforward internal gelation method followed by a freeze-drying step. 28987501 2 61 theme postextractive 389:402 arg1 wounds 413:418 the postextractive alveolar wounds 385:418 the postextractive alveolar wounds 385:418 Here, we report a method to prepare an advanced dressing able to avoid uncontrolled bleeding by occluding the postextractive alveolar wounds, and simultaneously, capable of a fast release of tranexamic acid (TA). 28987501 0 62 theme Acid 69:72 arg1 Delivery 46:53 the Delivery 42:53 the Delivery of Tranexamic Acid in Postextractive Alveolar Wounds 42:106 Composite Alginate-Hyaluronan Sponges for the Delivery of Tranexamic Acid in Postextractive Alveolar Wounds. 28987501 3 63 theme gelation 607:614 arg1 method 616:621 a straightforward internal gelation method 580:621 a straightforward internal gelation method followed by a freeze-drying step 580:654 Composite alginate/hyaluronan (ALG/HA) sponge dressings loaded with TA were prepared by a straightforward internal gelation method followed by a freeze-drying step. 28987501 1 64 theme anticoagulant 149:161 arg1 therapy 163:169 anticoagulant therapy 149:169 anticoagulant therapy 149:169 The management of wounds in patients on anticoagulant therapy who require oral surgical procedures is problematic and often results in a nonsatisfactory healing process. 28987501 4 65 from soft 697:700 arg1 appearance 728:737 appearance 728:737 appearance 728:737 Both blank and drug-loaded sponges were soft, flexible, and elegant in appearance and nonbrittle in nature. 28987501 4 65 from soft 697:700 arg1 nature 757:762 nature 757:762 nature 757:762 Both blank and drug-loaded sponges were soft, flexible, and elegant in appearance and nonbrittle in nature. 28987501 4 65 from soft 697:700 arg1 nonbrittle 743:752 nonbrittle 743:752 nonbrittle 743:752 Both blank and drug-loaded sponges were soft, flexible, and elegant in appearance and nonbrittle in nature. 28987501 1 66 theme nonsatisfactory 246:260 arg1 process 270:276 a nonsatisfactory healing process 244:276 a nonsatisfactory healing process 244:276 The management of wounds in patients on anticoagulant therapy who require oral surgical procedures is problematic and often results in a nonsatisfactory healing process. 25645947 5 0 theme block 915:919 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 933:950 block copolymeric glycosaminoglycans 915:950 block copolymeric glycosaminoglycans 915:950 Consequently, block copolymeric glycosaminoglycans contained microarchitectures capable of multivalent binding to growth factors and collagen, with potential for interactional synergy at greater chain number. 25645947 5 1 theme growth 1015:1020 arg1 factors 1022:1028 growth factors 1015:1028 growth factors 1015:1028 Consequently, block copolymeric glycosaminoglycans contained microarchitectures capable of multivalent binding to growth factors and collagen, with potential for interactional synergy at greater chain number. 25645947 6 2 theme biomaterials 1323:1334 arg1 signaling 1258:1266 their fundamental signaling and mechanical biological roles 1240:1298 signaling 1258:1266 The described atomic scale views of proteoglycans and heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans provide structural routes to understanding their fundamental signaling and mechanical biological roles and development of new biomaterials. 25645947 6 2 theme biomaterials 1323:1334 arg1 development 1304:1314 development 1304:1314 development of new biomaterials 1304:1334 The described atomic scale views of proteoglycans and heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans provide structural routes to understanding their fundamental signaling and mechanical biological roles and development of new biomaterials. 25645947 6 2 theme biomaterials 1323:1334 arg1 roles 1294:1298 their fundamental signaling and mechanical biological roles 1240:1298 roles 1294:1298 The described atomic scale views of proteoglycans and heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans provide structural routes to understanding their fundamental signaling and mechanical biological roles and development of new biomaterials. 25645947 4 3 theme Uronic 691:696 arg1 equilibria 718:727 Uronic acid conformational equilibria 691:727 Uronic acid conformational equilibria 691:727 Uronic acid conformational equilibria were modulated by adjacent hexosamine sulfonation and iduronic acid increased glycosaminoglycan chain volume and rigidity, while glucuronic acid imparted chain plasticity. 25645947 5 4 theme copolymeric 921:931 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 933:950 block copolymeric glycosaminoglycans 915:950 block copolymeric glycosaminoglycans 915:950 Consequently, block copolymeric glycosaminoglycans contained microarchitectures capable of multivalent binding to growth factors and collagen, with potential for interactional synergy at greater chain number. 25645947 6 5 theme biological 1283:1292 arg1 roles 1294:1298 their fundamental signaling and mechanical biological roles 1240:1298 roles 1294:1298 The described atomic scale views of proteoglycans and heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans provide structural routes to understanding their fundamental signaling and mechanical biological roles and development of new biomaterials. 25645947 5 6 theme greater 1088:1094 arg1 number 1102:1107 greater chain number 1088:1107 greater chain number 1088:1107 Consequently, block copolymeric glycosaminoglycans contained microarchitectures capable of multivalent binding to growth factors and collagen, with potential for interactional synergy at greater chain number. 25645947 6 7 theme structural 1205:1214 arg1 routes 1216:1221 structural routes 1205:1221 structural routes to understanding their fundamental signaling and mechanical biological roles and development of new biomaterials 1205:1334 The described atomic scale views of proteoglycans and heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans provide structural routes to understanding their fundamental signaling and mechanical biological roles and development of new biomaterials. 25645947 2 8 theme dermatan 340:347 arg1 sulfates 349:356 chondroitin and dermatan sulfates 324:356 sulfates 349:356 To overcome this, multimicrosecond aqueous simulations of chondroitin and dermatan sulfates were abstracted into a prior coarse-grained model, which was extended to heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans and small leucine-rich proteoglycans. 25645947 2 9 theme sulfates 349:356 arg1 simulations 309:319 multimicrosecond aqueous simulations 284:319 multimicrosecond aqueous simulations of chondroitin and dermatan sulfates 284:356 To overcome this, multimicrosecond aqueous simulations of chondroitin and dermatan sulfates were abstracted into a prior coarse-grained model, which was extended to heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans and small leucine-rich proteoglycans. 25645947 4 10 theme conformational 703:716 arg1 equilibria 718:727 Uronic acid conformational equilibria 691:727 Uronic acid conformational equilibria 691:727 Uronic acid conformational equilibria were modulated by adjacent hexosamine sulfonation and iduronic acid increased glycosaminoglycan chain volume and rigidity, while glucuronic acid imparted chain plasticity. 25645947 4 11 theme chain 883:887 arg1 plasticity 889:898 chain plasticity 883:898 chain plasticity 883:898 Uronic acid conformational equilibria were modulated by adjacent hexosamine sulfonation and iduronic acid increased glycosaminoglycan chain volume and rigidity, while glucuronic acid imparted chain plasticity. 25645947 4 12 theme acid 698:701 arg1 equilibria 718:727 Uronic acid conformational equilibria 691:727 Uronic acid conformational equilibria 691:727 Uronic acid conformational equilibria were modulated by adjacent hexosamine sulfonation and iduronic acid increased glycosaminoglycan chain volume and rigidity, while glucuronic acid imparted chain plasticity. 25645947 6 13 theme mechanical 1272:1281 arg1 roles 1294:1298 their fundamental signaling and mechanical biological roles 1240:1298 roles 1294:1298 The described atomic scale views of proteoglycans and heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans provide structural routes to understanding their fundamental signaling and mechanical biological roles and development of new biomaterials. 25645947 1 14 theme Proteoglycan 78:89 arg1 organization 106:117 Proteoglycan spatiotemporal organization 78:117 Proteoglycan spatiotemporal organization 78:117 Proteoglycan spatiotemporal organization underpins extracellular matrix biology, but atomic scale glimpses of this microarchitecture are obscured by glycosaminoglycan size and complexity. 25645947 4 15 theme glycosaminoglycan 807:823 arg1 volume 831:836 glycosaminoglycan chain volume 807:836 glycosaminoglycan chain volume 807:836 Uronic acid conformational equilibria were modulated by adjacent hexosamine sulfonation and iduronic acid increased glycosaminoglycan chain volume and rigidity, while glucuronic acid imparted chain plasticity. 25645947 1 16 theme microarchitecture 193:209 arg1 glimpses 176:183 atomic scale glimpses 163:183 atomic scale glimpses of this microarchitecture 163:209 Proteoglycan spatiotemporal organization underpins extracellular matrix biology, but atomic scale glimpses of this microarchitecture are obscured by glycosaminoglycan size and complexity. 25645947 6 17 theme glycosaminoglycans 1178:1195 arg1 views 1137:1141 The described atomic scale views 1110:1141 The described atomic scale views of proteoglycans and heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans 1110:1195 The described atomic scale views of proteoglycans and heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans provide structural routes to understanding their fundamental signaling and mechanical biological roles and development of new biomaterials. 25645947 1 18 theme spatiotemporal 91:104 arg1 organization 106:117 Proteoglycan spatiotemporal organization 78:117 Proteoglycan spatiotemporal organization 78:117 Proteoglycan spatiotemporal organization underpins extracellular matrix biology, but atomic scale glimpses of this microarchitecture are obscured by glycosaminoglycan size and complexity. 25645947 6 19 theme new 1319:1321 arg1 biomaterials 1323:1334 new biomaterials 1319:1334 new biomaterials 1319:1334 The described atomic scale views of proteoglycans and heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans provide structural routes to understanding their fundamental signaling and mechanical biological roles and development of new biomaterials. 25645947 4 20 theme iduronic 783:790 arg1 acid 792:795 iduronic acid 783:795 iduronic acid 783:795 Uronic acid conformational equilibria were modulated by adjacent hexosamine sulfonation and iduronic acid increased glycosaminoglycan chain volume and rigidity, while glucuronic acid imparted chain plasticity. 25645947 3 21 theme sequence 669:676 arg1 permutation 678:688 sequence permutation 669:688 sequence permutation 669:688 Exploration of relationships between sequence and shape led to hypotheses that proteoglycan size is dependent on glycosaminoglycan unit composition but independent of sequence permutation. 25645947 3 22 theme glycosaminoglycan 615:631 arg1 composition 638:648 glycosaminoglycan unit composition 615:648 glycosaminoglycan unit composition 615:648 Exploration of relationships between sequence and shape led to hypotheses that proteoglycan size is dependent on glycosaminoglycan unit composition but independent of sequence permutation. 25645947 2 23 theme heterogeneous 431:443 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 445:462 heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans 431:462 heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans 431:462 To overcome this, multimicrosecond aqueous simulations of chondroitin and dermatan sulfates were abstracted into a prior coarse-grained model, which was extended to heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans and small leucine-rich proteoglycans. 25645947 5 24 theme multivalent 992:1002 arg1 binding 1004:1010 multivalent binding 992:1010 multivalent binding to growth factors 992:1028 Consequently, block copolymeric glycosaminoglycans contained microarchitectures capable of multivalent binding to growth factors and collagen, with potential for interactional synergy at greater chain number. 25645947 6 25 theme heterogeneous 1164:1176 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 1178:1195 heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans 1164:1195 heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans 1164:1195 The described atomic scale views of proteoglycans and heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans provide structural routes to understanding their fundamental signaling and mechanical biological roles and development of new biomaterials. 25645947 4 26 theme glucuronic 858:867 arg1 acid 869:872 glucuronic acid 858:872 glucuronic acid 858:872 Uronic acid conformational equilibria were modulated by adjacent hexosamine sulfonation and iduronic acid increased glycosaminoglycan chain volume and rigidity, while glucuronic acid imparted chain plasticity. 25645947 3 27 theme permutation 678:688 arg1 independent 654:664 independent 654:664 independent 654:664 Exploration of relationships between sequence and shape led to hypotheses that proteoglycan size is dependent on glycosaminoglycan unit composition but independent of sequence permutation. 25645947 0 28 theme heterogeneous 24:36 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 38:55 their heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans 18:55 their heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans 18:55 Proteoglycans and their heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans at the atomic scale. 25645947 5 29 from number 1102:1107 arg1 synergy 1077:1083 interactional synergy 1063:1083 interactional synergy at greater chain number 1063:1107 Consequently, block copolymeric glycosaminoglycans contained microarchitectures capable of multivalent binding to growth factors and collagen, with potential for interactional synergy at greater chain number. 25645947 1 30 theme extracellular 129:141 arg1 biology 150:156 extracellular matrix biology 129:156 extracellular matrix biology 129:156 Proteoglycan spatiotemporal organization underpins extracellular matrix biology, but atomic scale glimpses of this microarchitecture are obscured by glycosaminoglycan size and complexity. 25645947 1 31 theme glycosaminoglycan 227:243 arg1 size 245:248 glycosaminoglycan size 227:248 glycosaminoglycan size 227:248 Proteoglycan spatiotemporal organization underpins extracellular matrix biology, but atomic scale glimpses of this microarchitecture are obscured by glycosaminoglycan size and complexity. 25645947 6 32 theme proteoglycans 1146:1158 arg1 views 1137:1141 The described atomic scale views 1110:1141 The described atomic scale views of proteoglycans and heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans 1110:1195 The described atomic scale views of proteoglycans and heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans provide structural routes to understanding their fundamental signaling and mechanical biological roles and development of new biomaterials. 25645947 2 33 theme chondroitin 324:334 arg1 sulfates 349:356 chondroitin and dermatan sulfates 324:356 sulfates 349:356 To overcome this, multimicrosecond aqueous simulations of chondroitin and dermatan sulfates were abstracted into a prior coarse-grained model, which was extended to heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans and small leucine-rich proteoglycans. 25645947 1 34 theme matrix 143:148 arg1 biology 150:156 extracellular matrix biology 129:156 extracellular matrix biology 129:156 Proteoglycan spatiotemporal organization underpins extracellular matrix biology, but atomic scale glimpses of this microarchitecture are obscured by glycosaminoglycan size and complexity. 25645947 4 35 theme adjacent 747:754 arg1 sulfonation 767:777 adjacent hexosamine sulfonation 747:777 adjacent hexosamine sulfonation 747:777 Uronic acid conformational equilibria were modulated by adjacent hexosamine sulfonation and iduronic acid increased glycosaminoglycan chain volume and rigidity, while glucuronic acid imparted chain plasticity. 25645947 2 36 theme coarse-grained 387:400 arg1 model 402:406 a prior coarse-grained model 379:406 a prior coarse-grained model 379:406 To overcome this, multimicrosecond aqueous simulations of chondroitin and dermatan sulfates were abstracted into a prior coarse-grained model, which was extended to heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans and small leucine-rich proteoglycans. 25645947 2 37 theme leucine-rich 474:485 arg1 proteoglycans 487:499 small leucine-rich proteoglycans 468:499 small leucine-rich proteoglycans 468:499 To overcome this, multimicrosecond aqueous simulations of chondroitin and dermatan sulfates were abstracted into a prior coarse-grained model, which was extended to heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans and small leucine-rich proteoglycans. 25645947 3 38 theme relationships 517:529 arg1 Exploration 502:512 Exploration 502:512 Exploration of relationships between sequence and shape 502:556 Exploration of relationships between sequence and shape led to hypotheses that proteoglycan size is dependent on glycosaminoglycan unit composition but independent of sequence permutation. 25645947 5 39 theme binding 1004:1010 arg1 capable 981:987 capable 981:987 capable 981:987 Consequently, block copolymeric glycosaminoglycans contained microarchitectures capable of multivalent binding to growth factors and collagen, with potential for interactional synergy at greater chain number. 25645947 2 40 theme small 468:472 arg1 proteoglycans 487:499 small leucine-rich proteoglycans 468:499 small leucine-rich proteoglycans 468:499 To overcome this, multimicrosecond aqueous simulations of chondroitin and dermatan sulfates were abstracted into a prior coarse-grained model, which was extended to heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans and small leucine-rich proteoglycans. 25645947 0 41 theme atomic 64:69 arg1 scale 71:75 the atomic scale 60:75 the atomic scale 60:75 Proteoglycans and their heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans at the atomic scale. 25645947 5 42 theme interactional 1063:1075 arg1 synergy 1077:1083 interactional synergy 1063:1083 interactional synergy at greater chain number 1063:1107 Consequently, block copolymeric glycosaminoglycans contained microarchitectures capable of multivalent binding to growth factors and collagen, with potential for interactional synergy at greater chain number. 25645947 5 43 theme chain 1096:1100 arg1 number 1102:1107 greater chain number 1088:1107 greater chain number 1088:1107 Consequently, block copolymeric glycosaminoglycans contained microarchitectures capable of multivalent binding to growth factors and collagen, with potential for interactional synergy at greater chain number. 25645947 5 44 theme capable 981:987 arg1 microarchitectures 962:979 microarchitectures 962:979 microarchitectures capable of multivalent binding to growth factors and collagen 962:1041 Consequently, block copolymeric glycosaminoglycans contained microarchitectures capable of multivalent binding to growth factors and collagen, with potential for interactional synergy at greater chain number. 25645947 6 45 theme atomic 1124:1129 arg1 views 1137:1141 The described atomic scale views 1110:1141 The described atomic scale views of proteoglycans and heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans 1110:1195 The described atomic scale views of proteoglycans and heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans provide structural routes to understanding their fundamental signaling and mechanical biological roles and development of new biomaterials. 25645947 3 46 theme proteoglycan 581:592 arg1 size 594:597 size 594:597 size 594:597 Exploration of relationships between sequence and shape led to hypotheses that proteoglycan size is dependent on glycosaminoglycan unit composition but independent of sequence permutation. 25645947 6 47 theme described 1114:1122 arg1 views 1137:1141 The described atomic scale views 1110:1141 The described atomic scale views of proteoglycans and heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans 1110:1195 The described atomic scale views of proteoglycans and heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans provide structural routes to understanding their fundamental signaling and mechanical biological roles and development of new biomaterials. 25645947 2 48 theme prior 381:385 arg1 model 402:406 a prior coarse-grained model 379:406 a prior coarse-grained model 379:406 To overcome this, multimicrosecond aqueous simulations of chondroitin and dermatan sulfates were abstracted into a prior coarse-grained model, which was extended to heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans and small leucine-rich proteoglycans. 25645947 6 49 theme fundamental 1246:1256 arg1 signaling 1258:1266 their fundamental signaling and mechanical biological roles 1240:1298 signaling 1258:1266 The described atomic scale views of proteoglycans and heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans provide structural routes to understanding their fundamental signaling and mechanical biological roles and development of new biomaterials. 25645947 3 50 theme unit 633:636 arg1 composition 638:648 glycosaminoglycan unit composition 615:648 glycosaminoglycan unit composition 615:648 Exploration of relationships between sequence and shape led to hypotheses that proteoglycan size is dependent on glycosaminoglycan unit composition but independent of sequence permutation. 25645947 5 51 contain contained 952:960 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 933:950 block copolymeric glycosaminoglycans 915:950 block copolymeric glycosaminoglycans 915:950 Consequently, block copolymeric glycosaminoglycans contained microarchitectures capable of multivalent binding to growth factors and collagen, with potential for interactional synergy at greater chain number. 25645947 5 51 contain contained 952:960 arg2 microarchitectures 962:979 microarchitectures 962:979 microarchitectures capable of multivalent binding to growth factors and collagen 962:1041 Consequently, block copolymeric glycosaminoglycans contained microarchitectures capable of multivalent binding to growth factors and collagen, with potential for interactional synergy at greater chain number. 25645947 2 52 theme aqueous 301:307 arg1 simulations 309:319 multimicrosecond aqueous simulations 284:319 multimicrosecond aqueous simulations of chondroitin and dermatan sulfates 284:356 To overcome this, multimicrosecond aqueous simulations of chondroitin and dermatan sulfates were abstracted into a prior coarse-grained model, which was extended to heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans and small leucine-rich proteoglycans. 25645947 1 53 theme atomic 163:168 arg1 glimpses 176:183 atomic scale glimpses 163:183 atomic scale glimpses of this microarchitecture 163:209 Proteoglycan spatiotemporal organization underpins extracellular matrix biology, but atomic scale glimpses of this microarchitecture are obscured by glycosaminoglycan size and complexity. 25645947 5 54 theme collagen 1034:1041 arg1 capable 981:987 capable 981:987 capable 981:987 Consequently, block copolymeric glycosaminoglycans contained microarchitectures capable of multivalent binding to growth factors and collagen, with potential for interactional synergy at greater chain number. 25645947 2 55 theme multimicrosecond 284:299 arg1 simulations 309:319 multimicrosecond aqueous simulations 284:319 multimicrosecond aqueous simulations of chondroitin and dermatan sulfates 284:356 To overcome this, multimicrosecond aqueous simulations of chondroitin and dermatan sulfates were abstracted into a prior coarse-grained model, which was extended to heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans and small leucine-rich proteoglycans. 25645947 4 56 theme hexosamine 756:765 arg1 sulfonation 767:777 adjacent hexosamine sulfonation 747:777 adjacent hexosamine sulfonation 747:777 Uronic acid conformational equilibria were modulated by adjacent hexosamine sulfonation and iduronic acid increased glycosaminoglycan chain volume and rigidity, while glucuronic acid imparted chain plasticity. 25645947 1 57 theme scale 170:174 arg1 glimpses 176:183 atomic scale glimpses 163:183 atomic scale glimpses of this microarchitecture 163:209 Proteoglycan spatiotemporal organization underpins extracellular matrix biology, but atomic scale glimpses of this microarchitecture are obscured by glycosaminoglycan size and complexity. 25645947 0 58 dep Proteoglycans 0:12 arg1 scale 71:75 the atomic scale 60:75 the atomic scale 60:75 Proteoglycans and their heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans at the atomic scale. 25645947 4 59 theme chain 825:829 arg1 volume 831:836 glycosaminoglycan chain volume 807:836 glycosaminoglycan chain volume 807:836 Uronic acid conformational equilibria were modulated by adjacent hexosamine sulfonation and iduronic acid increased glycosaminoglycan chain volume and rigidity, while glucuronic acid imparted chain plasticity. 25645947 6 60 theme scale 1131:1135 arg1 views 1137:1141 The described atomic scale views 1110:1141 The described atomic scale views of proteoglycans and heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans 1110:1195 The described atomic scale views of proteoglycans and heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans provide structural routes to understanding their fundamental signaling and mechanical biological roles and development of new biomaterials. 24372590 0 0 theme blood-glucose 68:80 arg1 control 82:88 blood-glucose control 68:88 blood-glucose control 68:88 Changes in glycogen structure over feeding cycle sheds new light on blood-glucose control. 24372590 1 1 theme glucose 136:142 arg1 Liver 91:95 Liver glycogen 91:104 Liver glycogen 91:104 Liver glycogen, a highly branched polymer of glucose, is important for maintaining blood-glucose homeostasis. 24372590 1 1 theme glucose 136:142 arg1 polymer 125:131 a highly branched polymer 107:131 a highly branched polymer of glucose 107:142 Liver glycogen, a highly branched polymer of glucose, is important for maintaining blood-glucose homeostasis. 24372590 7 2 theme diabetes 981:988 arg1 management 990:999 diabetes management 981:999 diabetes management 981:999 This discovery suggests novel approaches to diabetes management. 24372590 5 3 theme optimal 809:815 arg1 control 831:837 optimal blood-glucose control 809:837 optimal blood-glucose control 809:837 This pathway, missing in diabetic animals, is likely to give optimal blood-glucose control during the daily feeding cycle. 24372590 2 4 theme composite 298:306 arg1 particles 319:327 the large composite glycogen α particles 288:327 the large composite glycogen α particles present in normal, healthy mice 288:359 It was recently shown that db/db mice, a model for Type 2 diabetes, are unable to form the large composite glycogen α particles present in normal, healthy mice. 24372590 0 5 from Changes 0:6 arg1 structure 20:28 glycogen structure 11:28 glycogen structure 11:28 Changes in glycogen structure over feeding cycle sheds new light on blood-glucose control. 24372590 2 6 theme Type 252:255 arg1 diabetes 259:266 Type 2 diabetes 252:266 Type 2 diabetes 252:266 It was recently shown that db/db mice, a model for Type 2 diabetes, are unable to form the large composite glycogen α particles present in normal, healthy mice. 24372590 2 7 theme glycogen 308:315 arg1 particles 319:327 the large composite glycogen α particles 288:327 the large composite glycogen α particles present in normal, healthy mice 288:359 It was recently shown that db/db mice, a model for Type 2 diabetes, are unable to form the large composite glycogen α particles present in normal, healthy mice. 24372590 4 8 theme broad 649:653 arg1 distribution 660:671 a broad size distribution 647:671 a broad size distribution 647:671 Glycogen was found to be formed as smaller β particles, and then only assembled into large α particles, with a broad size distribution, significantly after the time when glycogen content had reached a maximum. 24372590 4 9 theme β 581:581 arg1 Glycogen 538:545 Glycogen 538:545 Glycogen 538:545 Glycogen was found to be formed as smaller β particles, and then only assembled into large α particles, with a broad size distribution, significantly after the time when glycogen content had reached a maximum. 24372590 4 9 theme β 581:581 arg1 particles 583:591 smaller β particles 573:591 smaller β particles 573:591 Glycogen was found to be formed as smaller β particles, and then only assembled into large α particles, with a broad size distribution, significantly after the time when glycogen content had reached a maximum. 24372590 3 10 theme size 470:473 arg1 chromatography 485:498 size exclusion chromatography 470:498 size exclusion chromatography 470:498 In this study, the structure of healthy mouse-liver glycogen over the diurnal cycle was characterized using size exclusion chromatography and transmission electron microscopy. 24372590 5 11 theme blood-glucose 817:829 arg1 control 831:837 optimal blood-glucose control 809:837 optimal blood-glucose control 809:837 This pathway, missing in diabetic animals, is likely to give optimal blood-glucose control during the daily feeding cycle. 24372590 3 12 theme exclusion 475:483 arg1 chromatography 485:498 size exclusion chromatography 470:498 size exclusion chromatography 470:498 In this study, the structure of healthy mouse-liver glycogen over the diurnal cycle was characterized using size exclusion chromatography and transmission electron microscopy. 24372590 2 13 theme normal 340:345 arg1 mice 356:359 normal, healthy mice 340:359 normal, healthy mice 340:359 It was recently shown that db/db mice, a model for Type 2 diabetes, are unable to form the large composite glycogen α particles present in normal, healthy mice. 24372590 5 14 theme feeding 856:862 arg1 cycle 864:868 the daily feeding cycle 846:868 the daily feeding cycle 846:868 This pathway, missing in diabetic animals, is likely to give optimal blood-glucose control during the daily feeding cycle. 24372590 2 15 theme present 329:335 arg1 particles 319:327 the large composite glycogen α particles 288:327 the large composite glycogen α particles present in normal, healthy mice 288:359 It was recently shown that db/db mice, a model for Type 2 diabetes, are unable to form the large composite glycogen α particles present in normal, healthy mice. 24372590 6 16 theme control 884:890 arg1 Lack 871:874 Lack 871:874 Lack of this control 871:890 Lack of this control may contribute to, or result from, diabetes. 24372590 5 17 theme daily 850:854 arg1 cycle 864:868 the daily feeding cycle 846:868 the daily feeding cycle 846:868 This pathway, missing in diabetic animals, is likely to give optimal blood-glucose control during the daily feeding cycle. 24372590 3 18 theme transmission 504:515 arg1 microscopy 526:535 transmission electron microscopy 504:535 transmission electron microscopy 504:535 In this study, the structure of healthy mouse-liver glycogen over the diurnal cycle was characterized using size exclusion chromatography and transmission electron microscopy. 24372590 1 19 theme blood-glucose 174:186 arg1 homeostasis 188:198 blood-glucose homeostasis 174:198 blood-glucose homeostasis 174:198 Liver glycogen, a highly branched polymer of glucose, is important for maintaining blood-glucose homeostasis. 24372590 0 20 theme glycogen 11:18 arg1 structure 20:28 glycogen structure 11:28 glycogen structure 11:28 Changes in glycogen structure over feeding cycle sheds new light on blood-glucose control. 24372590 4 21 theme glycogen 708:715 arg1 content 717:723 glycogen content 708:723 glycogen content 708:723 Glycogen was found to be formed as smaller β particles, and then only assembled into large α particles, with a broad size distribution, significantly after the time when glycogen content had reached a maximum. 24372590 3 22 theme electron 517:524 arg1 microscopy 526:535 transmission electron microscopy 504:535 transmission electron microscopy 504:535 In this study, the structure of healthy mouse-liver glycogen over the diurnal cycle was characterized using size exclusion chromatography and transmission electron microscopy. 24372590 3 23 theme mouse-liver 402:412 arg1 glycogen 414:421 healthy mouse-liver glycogen 394:421 healthy mouse-liver glycogen 394:421 In this study, the structure of healthy mouse-liver glycogen over the diurnal cycle was characterized using size exclusion chromatography and transmission electron microscopy. 24372590 0 24 theme feeding 35:41 arg1 cycle 43:47 feeding cycle 35:47 feeding cycle 35:47 Changes in glycogen structure over feeding cycle sheds new light on blood-glucose control. 24372590 7 25 theme novel 961:965 arg1 approaches 967:976 novel approaches 961:976 novel approaches to diabetes management 961:999 This discovery suggests novel approaches to diabetes management. 24372590 4 26 dep found 551:555 arg1 assembled 608:616 assembled 608:616 assembled into large α particles 608:639 Glycogen was found to be formed as smaller β particles, and then only assembled into large α particles, with a broad size distribution, significantly after the time when glycogen content had reached a maximum. 24372590 5 27 theme diabetic 773:780 arg1 animals 782:788 diabetic animals 773:788 diabetic animals 773:788 This pathway, missing in diabetic animals, is likely to give optimal blood-glucose control during the daily feeding cycle. 24372590 2 28 from present 329:335 arg1 mice 356:359 normal, healthy mice 340:359 normal, healthy mice 340:359 It was recently shown that db/db mice, a model for Type 2 diabetes, are unable to form the large composite glycogen α particles present in normal, healthy mice. 24372590 2 29 theme large 292:296 arg1 particles 319:327 the large composite glycogen α particles 288:327 the large composite glycogen α particles present in normal, healthy mice 288:359 It was recently shown that db/db mice, a model for Type 2 diabetes, are unable to form the large composite glycogen α particles present in normal, healthy mice. 24372590 3 30 theme diurnal 432:438 arg1 cycle 440:444 the diurnal cycle 428:444 the diurnal cycle 428:444 In this study, the structure of healthy mouse-liver glycogen over the diurnal cycle was characterized using size exclusion chromatography and transmission electron microscopy. 24372590 2 31 dep normal 340:345 arg1 healthy 348:354 healthy 348:354 healthy 348:354 It was recently shown that db/db mice, a model for Type 2 diabetes, are unable to form the large composite glycogen α particles present in normal, healthy mice. 24372590 4 32 theme large 623:627 arg1 particles 631:639 large α particles 623:639 large α particles 623:639 Glycogen was found to be formed as smaller β particles, and then only assembled into large α particles, with a broad size distribution, significantly after the time when glycogen content had reached a maximum. 24372590 3 33 theme glycogen 414:421 arg1 structure 381:389 the structure 377:389 the structure of healthy mouse-liver glycogen over the diurnal cycle 377:444 In this study, the structure of healthy mouse-liver glycogen over the diurnal cycle was characterized using size exclusion chromatography and transmission electron microscopy. 24372590 2 34 attach present 329:335 arg2 particles 319:327 the large composite glycogen α particles 288:327 the large composite glycogen α particles present in normal, healthy mice 288:359 It was recently shown that db/db mice, a model for Type 2 diabetes, are unable to form the large composite glycogen α particles present in normal, healthy mice. 24372590 2 34 attach present 329:335 arg1 mice 356:359 normal, healthy mice 340:359 normal, healthy mice 340:359 It was recently shown that db/db mice, a model for Type 2 diabetes, are unable to form the large composite glycogen α particles present in normal, healthy mice. 24372590 2 35 from mice 356:359 arg1 present 329:335 present 329:335 present 329:335 It was recently shown that db/db mice, a model for Type 2 diabetes, are unable to form the large composite glycogen α particles present in normal, healthy mice. 24372590 1 36 theme branched 116:123 arg1 Liver 91:95 Liver glycogen 91:104 Liver glycogen 91:104 Liver glycogen, a highly branched polymer of glucose, is important for maintaining blood-glucose homeostasis. 24372590 1 36 theme branched 116:123 arg1 polymer 125:131 a highly branched polymer 107:131 a highly branched polymer of glucose 107:142 Liver glycogen, a highly branched polymer of glucose, is important for maintaining blood-glucose homeostasis. 24372590 4 37 theme size 655:658 arg1 distribution 660:671 a broad size distribution 647:671 a broad size distribution 647:671 Glycogen was found to be formed as smaller β particles, and then only assembled into large α particles, with a broad size distribution, significantly after the time when glycogen content had reached a maximum. 24372590 3 38 theme healthy 394:400 arg1 glycogen 414:421 healthy mouse-liver glycogen 394:421 healthy mouse-liver glycogen 394:421 In this study, the structure of healthy mouse-liver glycogen over the diurnal cycle was characterized using size exclusion chromatography and transmission electron microscopy. 24372590 4 39 theme α 629:629 arg1 particles 631:639 large α particles 623:639 large α particles 623:639 Glycogen was found to be formed as smaller β particles, and then only assembled into large α particles, with a broad size distribution, significantly after the time when glycogen content had reached a maximum. 24372590 4 40 theme smaller 573:579 arg1 Glycogen 538:545 Glycogen 538:545 Glycogen 538:545 Glycogen was found to be formed as smaller β particles, and then only assembled into large α particles, with a broad size distribution, significantly after the time when glycogen content had reached a maximum. 24372590 4 40 theme smaller 573:579 arg1 particles 583:591 smaller β particles 573:591 smaller β particles 573:591 Glycogen was found to be formed as smaller β particles, and then only assembled into large α particles, with a broad size distribution, significantly after the time when glycogen content had reached a maximum. 24372590 0 41 theme new 55:57 arg1 light 59:63 new light 55:63 new light 55:63 Changes in glycogen structure over feeding cycle sheds new light on blood-glucose control. 24372590 2 42 theme db/db 228:232 arg1 mice 234:237 db/db mice 228:237 db/db mice 228:237 It was recently shown that db/db mice, a model for Type 2 diabetes, are unable to form the large composite glycogen α particles present in normal, healthy mice. 24372590 2 42 theme db/db 228:232 arg1 model 242:246 a model 240:246 a model for Type 2 diabetes 240:266 It was recently shown that db/db mice, a model for Type 2 diabetes, are unable to form the large composite glycogen α particles present in normal, healthy mice. 24372590 2 43 theme α 317:317 arg1 particles 319:327 the large composite glycogen α particles 288:327 the large composite glycogen α particles present in normal, healthy mice 288:359 It was recently shown that db/db mice, a model for Type 2 diabetes, are unable to form the large composite glycogen α particles present in normal, healthy mice. 28526348 5 0 theme different 656:664 arg1 concentration 666:678 different concentration 656:678 different concentration 656:678 Particularly, the mechanical and biomaterial property of pure chitosan was improved by making copolymer with hyaluronic acid in different concentration. 28526348 1 1 theme tissue-engineering 162:179 arg1 scaffold 181:188 a tissue-engineering scaffold 160:188 a tissue-engineering scaffold 160:188 In this work, the usability of chitosan-co-hyaluronic acid cryogels as a tissue-engineering scaffold was investigated. 28526348 4 2 theme % 516:516 arg1 porosity 518:525 90-95% porosity 511:525 90-95% porosity 511:525 Morphological studies showed that the macroporous cryogels have been developed with 90-95% porosity. 28526348 3 3 dep % 394:394 arg1 50wt 390:393 50wt 390:393 50wt 390:393 Cryogels which were composed of various compositions of chitosan and hyaluronic acid (0, 10, 20, 30 and 50wt% hyaluronic acid) was prepared. 28526348 3 3 dep % 394:394 arg1 30 383:384 30 383:384 30 383:384 Cryogels which were composed of various compositions of chitosan and hyaluronic acid (0, 10, 20, 30 and 50wt% hyaluronic acid) was prepared. 28526348 6 4 dep results 704:710 arg1 demonstrated 712:723 demonstrated 712:723 results demonstrated that the cryogels have no significant cytotoxicity effect on 3T3 fibroblast and SAOS-2 cells 704:816 The MTT cell viability results demonstrated that the cryogels have no significant cytotoxicity effect on 3T3 fibroblast and SAOS-2 cells. 28526348 0 5 from application 54:64 arg1 engineering 76:86 tissue engineering 69:86 tissue engineering 69:86 Chitosan-co-Hyaluronic acid porous cryogels and their application in tissue engineering. 28526348 3 6 dep acid 407:410 arg1 % 394:394 % 394:394 % 394:394 Cryogels which were composed of various compositions of chitosan and hyaluronic acid (0, 10, 20, 30 and 50wt% hyaluronic acid) was prepared. 28526348 0 7 theme acid 23:26 arg1 cryogels 35:42 Chitosan-co-Hyaluronic acid porous cryogels 0:42 Chitosan-co-Hyaluronic acid porous cryogels 0:42 Chitosan-co-Hyaluronic acid porous cryogels and their application in tissue engineering. 28526348 5 8 theme pure 585:588 arg1 chitosan 590:597 pure chitosan 585:597 pure chitosan 585:597 Particularly, the mechanical and biomaterial property of pure chitosan was improved by making copolymer with hyaluronic acid in different concentration. 28526348 3 9 theme hyaluronic 355:364 arg1 acid 407:410 0, 10, 20, 30 and 50wt% hyaluronic acid 372:410 0, 10, 20, 30 and 50wt% hyaluronic acid 372:410 Cryogels which were composed of various compositions of chitosan and hyaluronic acid (0, 10, 20, 30 and 50wt% hyaluronic acid) was prepared. 28526348 3 9 theme hyaluronic 355:364 arg1 acid 366:369 hyaluronic acid 355:369 hyaluronic acid (0, 10, 20, 30 and 50wt% hyaluronic acid) 355:411 Cryogels which were composed of various compositions of chitosan and hyaluronic acid (0, 10, 20, 30 and 50wt% hyaluronic acid) was prepared. 28526348 0 10 theme Chitosan-co-Hyaluronic 0:21 arg1 cryogels 35:42 Chitosan-co-Hyaluronic acid porous cryogels 0:42 Chitosan-co-Hyaluronic acid porous cryogels 0:42 Chitosan-co-Hyaluronic acid porous cryogels and their application in tissue engineering. 28526348 5 11 from acid 648:651 arg1 concentration 666:678 different concentration 656:678 different concentration 656:678 Particularly, the mechanical and biomaterial property of pure chitosan was improved by making copolymer with hyaluronic acid in different concentration. 28526348 4 12 theme Morphological 427:439 arg1 studies 441:447 Morphological studies 427:447 Morphological studies 427:447 Morphological studies showed that the macroporous cryogels have been developed with 90-95% porosity. 28526348 5 13 theme chitosan 590:597 arg1 property 573:580 the mechanical and biomaterial property 542:580 the mechanical and biomaterial property of pure chitosan 542:597 Particularly, the mechanical and biomaterial property of pure chitosan was improved by making copolymer with hyaluronic acid in different concentration. 28526348 6 14 theme SAOS-2 805:810 arg1 cells 812:816 3T3 fibroblast and SAOS-2 cells 786:816 cells 812:816 The MTT cell viability results demonstrated that the cryogels have no significant cytotoxicity effect on 3T3 fibroblast and SAOS-2 cells. 28526348 3 15 theme various 318:324 arg1 compositions 326:337 various compositions 318:337 various compositions of chitosan 318:349 Cryogels which were composed of various compositions of chitosan and hyaluronic acid (0, 10, 20, 30 and 50wt% hyaluronic acid) was prepared. 28526348 0 16 theme porous 28:33 arg1 cryogels 35:42 Chitosan-co-Hyaluronic acid porous cryogels 0:42 Chitosan-co-Hyaluronic acid porous cryogels 0:42 Chitosan-co-Hyaluronic acid porous cryogels and their application in tissue engineering. 28526348 6 17 theme cell 689:692 arg1 viability 694:702 The MTT cell viability 681:702 The MTT cell viability 681:702 The MTT cell viability results demonstrated that the cryogels have no significant cytotoxicity effect on 3T3 fibroblast and SAOS-2 cells. 28526348 6 18 contain have 743:746 arg2 effect 776:781 no significant cytotoxicity effect 748:781 no significant cytotoxicity effect 748:781 The MTT cell viability results demonstrated that the cryogels have no significant cytotoxicity effect on 3T3 fibroblast and SAOS-2 cells. 28526348 6 18 contain have 743:746 arg1 cryogels 734:741 the cryogels 730:741 the cryogels 730:741 The MTT cell viability results demonstrated that the cryogels have no significant cytotoxicity effect on 3T3 fibroblast and SAOS-2 cells. 28526348 6 19 theme MTT 685:687 arg1 viability 694:702 The MTT cell viability 681:702 The MTT cell viability 681:702 The MTT cell viability results demonstrated that the cryogels have no significant cytotoxicity effect on 3T3 fibroblast and SAOS-2 cells. 28526348 4 20 theme macroporous 465:475 arg1 cryogels 477:484 the macroporous cryogels 461:484 the macroporous cryogels 461:484 Morphological studies showed that the macroporous cryogels have been developed with 90-95% porosity. 28526348 2 21 theme subzero 265:271 arg1 temperature 273:283 subzero temperature 265:283 subzero temperature 265:283 Chitosan-co-hyaluronic acid cryogels were synthesized at subzero temperature. 28526348 5 22 theme mechanical 546:555 arg1 property 573:580 the mechanical and biomaterial property 542:580 the mechanical and biomaterial property of pure chitosan 542:597 Particularly, the mechanical and biomaterial property of pure chitosan was improved by making copolymer with hyaluronic acid in different concentration. 28526348 3 23 theme hyaluronic 396:405 arg1 acid 407:410 0, 10, 20, 30 and 50wt% hyaluronic acid 372:410 0, 10, 20, 30 and 50wt% hyaluronic acid 372:410 Cryogels which were composed of various compositions of chitosan and hyaluronic acid (0, 10, 20, 30 and 50wt% hyaluronic acid) was prepared. 28526348 3 23 theme hyaluronic 396:405 arg1 acid 366:369 hyaluronic acid 355:369 hyaluronic acid (0, 10, 20, 30 and 50wt% hyaluronic acid) 355:411 Cryogels which were composed of various compositions of chitosan and hyaluronic acid (0, 10, 20, 30 and 50wt% hyaluronic acid) was prepared. 28526348 6 24 theme 3T3 786:788 arg1 fibroblast 790:799 3T3 fibroblast and SAOS-2 cells 786:816 fibroblast 790:799 The MTT cell viability results demonstrated that the cryogels have no significant cytotoxicity effect on 3T3 fibroblast and SAOS-2 cells. 28526348 0 25 from cryogels 35:42 arg1 engineering 76:86 tissue engineering 69:86 tissue engineering 69:86 Chitosan-co-Hyaluronic acid porous cryogels and their application in tissue engineering. 28526348 5 26 theme hyaluronic 637:646 arg1 acid 648:651 hyaluronic acid 637:651 hyaluronic acid in different concentration 637:678 Particularly, the mechanical and biomaterial property of pure chitosan was improved by making copolymer with hyaluronic acid in different concentration. 28526348 5 27 theme biomaterial 561:571 arg1 property 573:580 the mechanical and biomaterial property 542:580 the mechanical and biomaterial property of pure chitosan 542:597 Particularly, the mechanical and biomaterial property of pure chitosan was improved by making copolymer with hyaluronic acid in different concentration. 28526348 1 28 theme chitosan-co-hyaluronic 120:141 arg1 cryogels 148:155 chitosan-co-hyaluronic acid cryogels 120:155 chitosan-co-hyaluronic acid cryogels 120:155 In this work, the usability of chitosan-co-hyaluronic acid cryogels as a tissue-engineering scaffold was investigated. 28526348 3 29 theme chitosan 342:349 arg1 compositions 326:337 various compositions 318:337 various compositions of chitosan 318:349 Cryogels which were composed of various compositions of chitosan and hyaluronic acid (0, 10, 20, 30 and 50wt% hyaluronic acid) was prepared. 28526348 2 30 theme acid 231:234 arg1 cryogels 236:243 Chitosan-co-hyaluronic acid cryogels 208:243 Chitosan-co-hyaluronic acid cryogels 208:243 Chitosan-co-hyaluronic acid cryogels were synthesized at subzero temperature. 28526348 6 31 theme cytotoxicity 763:774 arg1 effect 776:781 no significant cytotoxicity effect 748:781 no significant cytotoxicity effect 748:781 The MTT cell viability results demonstrated that the cryogels have no significant cytotoxicity effect on 3T3 fibroblast and SAOS-2 cells. 28526348 1 32 theme acid 143:146 arg1 cryogels 148:155 chitosan-co-hyaluronic acid cryogels 120:155 chitosan-co-hyaluronic acid cryogels 120:155 In this work, the usability of chitosan-co-hyaluronic acid cryogels as a tissue-engineering scaffold was investigated. 28526348 2 33 theme Chitosan-co-hyaluronic 208:229 arg1 cryogels 236:243 Chitosan-co-hyaluronic acid cryogels 208:243 Chitosan-co-hyaluronic acid cryogels 208:243 Chitosan-co-hyaluronic acid cryogels were synthesized at subzero temperature. 28526348 6 34 theme significant 751:761 arg1 effect 776:781 no significant cytotoxicity effect 748:781 no significant cytotoxicity effect 748:781 The MTT cell viability results demonstrated that the cryogels have no significant cytotoxicity effect on 3T3 fibroblast and SAOS-2 cells. 28526348 1 35 theme cryogels 148:155 arg1 usability 107:115 the usability 103:115 the usability of chitosan-co-hyaluronic acid cryogels as a tissue-engineering scaffold 103:188 In this work, the usability of chitosan-co-hyaluronic acid cryogels as a tissue-engineering scaffold was investigated. 28526348 0 36 theme tissue 69:74 arg1 engineering 76:86 tissue engineering 69:86 tissue engineering 69:86 Chitosan-co-Hyaluronic acid porous cryogels and their application in tissue engineering. 28526348 4 37 theme 90-95 511:515 arg1 % 516:516 % 516:516 % 516:516 Morphological studies showed that the macroporous cryogels have been developed with 90-95% porosity. 24822206 5 0 from impact 760:765 arg1 process 795:801 bone remodeling process 779:801 bone remodeling process 779:801 To observe the impact of cells on bone remodeling process, the scaffolds were planted into the back of the SD rats with and without rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs). 24822206 4 1 theme reinforced 633:642 arg1 composite 644:652 the novel mineralized collagen fiber reinforced composite 596:652 the novel mineralized collagen fiber reinforced composite which is synthesized by chitosan (CS), nanohydroxyapatite (nHA), and collagen fiber (Col) 596:742 In this paper, diagnostic medical ultrasound was used to monitor the in vivo bone formation and degradation process of the novel mineralized collagen fiber reinforced composite which is synthesized by chitosan (CS), nanohydroxyapatite (nHA), and collagen fiber (Col). 24822206 0 2 theme fiber 70:74 arg1 evolution 44:52 the evolution 40:52 the evolution of the collagen fiber 40:74 Application of ultrasound on monitoring the evolution of the collagen fiber reinforced nHAC/CS composites in vivo. 24822206 5 3 theme remodeling 784:793 arg1 process 795:801 bone remodeling process 779:801 bone remodeling process 779:801 To observe the impact of cells on bone remodeling process, the scaffolds were planted into the back of the SD rats with and without rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs). 24822206 2 4 dep in 262:263 arg1 vivo 265:268 vivo 265:268 vivo 265:268 Meanwhile, monitoring the scaffolds for long periods in vivo is recognized as a crucial issue before its wide use. 24822206 8 5 from situ 1217:1220 arg1 evolution 1191:1199 the evolution 1187:1199 the evolution of scaffolds in situ 1187:1220 This indicated that ultrasound may serve as a feasible alternative for noninvasive monitoring the evolution of scaffolds in situ during cell growth. 24822206 5 6 theme stem 898:901 arg1 rBMSCs 910:915 rBMSCs 910:915 rBMSCs 910:915 To observe the impact of cells on bone remodeling process, the scaffolds were planted into the back of the SD rats with and without rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs). 24822206 5 6 theme stem 898:901 arg1 cells 903:907 rat bone mesenchymal stem cells 877:907 rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) 877:916 To observe the impact of cells on bone remodeling process, the scaffolds were planted into the back of the SD rats with and without rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs). 24822206 5 7 theme bone 779:782 arg1 process 795:801 bone remodeling process 779:801 bone remodeling process 779:801 To observe the impact of cells on bone remodeling process, the scaffolds were planted into the back of the SD rats with and without rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs). 24822206 0 8 theme nHAC/CS 87:93 arg1 composites 95:104 nHAC/CS composites 87:104 nHAC/CS composites 87:104 Application of ultrasound on monitoring the evolution of the collagen fiber reinforced nHAC/CS composites in vivo. 24822206 2 9 theme in 262:263 arg1 periods 254:260 long periods 249:260 long periods in vivo 249:268 Meanwhile, monitoring the scaffolds for long periods in vivo is recognized as a crucial issue before its wide use. 24822206 3 10 theme remolding 433:441 arg1 process 443:449 the implantation remolding process 416:449 the implantation remolding process in situ and in real time 416:474 As a consequence, there is a growing need for noninvasive and convenient methods to analyze the implantation remolding process in situ and in real time. 24822206 4 11 theme fiber 627:631 arg1 composite 644:652 the novel mineralized collagen fiber reinforced composite 596:652 the novel mineralized collagen fiber reinforced composite which is synthesized by chitosan (CS), nanohydroxyapatite (nHA), and collagen fiber (Col) 596:742 In this paper, diagnostic medical ultrasound was used to monitor the in vivo bone formation and degradation process of the novel mineralized collagen fiber reinforced composite which is synthesized by chitosan (CS), nanohydroxyapatite (nHA), and collagen fiber (Col). 24822206 5 12 theme SD 852:853 arg1 rats 855:858 the SD rats 848:858 the SD rats 848:858 To observe the impact of cells on bone remodeling process, the scaffolds were planted into the back of the SD rats with and without rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs). 24822206 6 13 theme scaffolds 938:946 arg1 data 930:933 Systematic data 919:933 Systematic data of scaffolds in vivo 919:954 Systematic data of scaffolds in vivo was extracted from ultrasound images. 24822206 2 14 theme long 249:252 arg1 periods 254:260 long periods 249:260 long periods in vivo 249:268 Meanwhile, monitoring the scaffolds for long periods in vivo is recognized as a crucial issue before its wide use. 24822206 6 15 theme in 948:949 arg1 scaffolds 938:946 scaffolds 938:946 scaffolds in vivo 938:954 Systematic data of scaffolds in vivo was extracted from ultrasound images. 24822206 3 16 theme convenient 386:395 arg1 methods 397:403 noninvasive and convenient methods 370:403 noninvasive and convenient methods 370:403 As a consequence, there is a growing need for noninvasive and convenient methods to analyze the implantation remolding process in situ and in real time. 24822206 5 17 theme mesenchymal 886:896 arg1 rBMSCs 910:915 rBMSCs 910:915 rBMSCs 910:915 To observe the impact of cells on bone remodeling process, the scaffolds were planted into the back of the SD rats with and without rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs). 24822206 5 17 theme mesenchymal 886:896 arg1 cells 903:907 rat bone mesenchymal stem cells 877:907 rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) 877:916 To observe the impact of cells on bone remodeling process, the scaffolds were planted into the back of the SD rats with and without rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs). 24822206 7 18 from ultrasound 1044:1053 arg1 data 1030:1033 the data 1026:1033 the data from the ultrasound and DXA 1026:1061 Significant consistency between the data from the ultrasound and DXA could be observed (P < 0.05). 24822206 7 19 theme P 1082:1082 arg1 < 1084:1084 P < 0.05 1082:1089 P < 0.05 1082:1089 Significant consistency between the data from the ultrasound and DXA could be observed (P < 0.05). 24822206 1 20 dep scaffolds 140:148 arg1 reinforce 130:138 reinforce 130:138 reinforce 130:138 To date, fiber reinforce scaffolds have been largely applied to repair hard and soft tissues. 24822206 4 21 theme novel 600:604 arg1 composite 644:652 the novel mineralized collagen fiber reinforced composite 596:652 the novel mineralized collagen fiber reinforced composite which is synthesized by chitosan (CS), nanohydroxyapatite (nHA), and collagen fiber (Col) 596:742 In this paper, diagnostic medical ultrasound was used to monitor the in vivo bone formation and degradation process of the novel mineralized collagen fiber reinforced composite which is synthesized by chitosan (CS), nanohydroxyapatite (nHA), and collagen fiber (Col). 24822206 3 22 from process 443:449 arg1 time 471:474 real time 466:474 real time 466:474 As a consequence, there is a growing need for noninvasive and convenient methods to analyze the implantation remolding process in situ and in real time. 24822206 3 22 from process 443:449 arg1 situ 454:457 situ 454:457 situ 454:457 As a consequence, there is a growing need for noninvasive and convenient methods to analyze the implantation remolding process in situ and in real time. 24822206 3 23 theme noninvasive 370:380 arg1 methods 397:403 noninvasive and convenient methods 370:403 noninvasive and convenient methods 370:403 As a consequence, there is a growing need for noninvasive and convenient methods to analyze the implantation remolding process in situ and in real time. 24822206 8 24 theme feasible 1139:1146 arg1 ultrasound 1113:1122 ultrasound 1113:1122 ultrasound 1113:1122 This indicated that ultrasound may serve as a feasible alternative for noninvasive monitoring the evolution of scaffolds in situ during cell growth. 24822206 8 24 theme feasible 1139:1146 arg1 alternative 1148:1158 a feasible alternative 1137:1158 a feasible alternative for noninvasive monitoring the evolution of scaffolds in situ during cell growth 1137:1239 This indicated that ultrasound may serve as a feasible alternative for noninvasive monitoring the evolution of scaffolds in situ during cell growth. 24822206 7 25 dep observed 1072:1079 arg1 < 1084:1084 P < 0.05 1082:1089 P < 0.05 1082:1089 Significant consistency between the data from the ultrasound and DXA could be observed (P < 0.05). 24822206 8 26 theme cell 1229:1232 arg1 growth 1234:1239 cell growth 1229:1239 cell growth 1229:1239 This indicated that ultrasound may serve as a feasible alternative for noninvasive monitoring the evolution of scaffolds in situ during cell growth. 24822206 8 27 dep monitoring 1176:1185 arg1 noninvasive 1164:1174 noninvasive 1164:1174 noninvasive 1164:1174 This indicated that ultrasound may serve as a feasible alternative for noninvasive monitoring the evolution of scaffolds in situ during cell growth. 24822206 1 28 theme repair 179:184 arg1 hard 186:189 repair hard 179:189 repair hard 179:189 To date, fiber reinforce scaffolds have been largely applied to repair hard and soft tissues. 24822206 0 29 theme ultrasound 15:24 arg1 Application 0:10 Application 0:10 Application of ultrasound on monitoring the evolution of the collagen fiber 0:74 Application of ultrasound on monitoring the evolution of the collagen fiber reinforced nHAC/CS composites in vivo. 24822206 4 30 theme medical 503:509 arg1 ultrasound 511:520 diagnostic medical ultrasound 492:520 diagnostic medical ultrasound 492:520 In this paper, diagnostic medical ultrasound was used to monitor the in vivo bone formation and degradation process of the novel mineralized collagen fiber reinforced composite which is synthesized by chitosan (CS), nanohydroxyapatite (nHA), and collagen fiber (Col). 24822206 8 31 theme scaffolds 1204:1212 arg1 evolution 1191:1199 the evolution 1187:1199 the evolution of scaffolds in situ 1187:1220 This indicated that ultrasound may serve as a feasible alternative for noninvasive monitoring the evolution of scaffolds in situ during cell growth. 24822206 2 32 theme wide 314:317 arg1 use 319:321 its wide use 310:321 its wide use 310:321 Meanwhile, monitoring the scaffolds for long periods in vivo is recognized as a crucial issue before its wide use. 24822206 4 33 theme bone 554:557 arg1 formation 559:567 in vivo bone formation 546:567 in vivo bone formation 546:567 In this paper, diagnostic medical ultrasound was used to monitor the in vivo bone formation and degradation process of the novel mineralized collagen fiber reinforced composite which is synthesized by chitosan (CS), nanohydroxyapatite (nHA), and collagen fiber (Col). 24822206 3 34 theme growing 353:359 arg1 need 361:364 a growing need 351:364 a growing need for noninvasive and convenient methods to analyze the implantation remolding process in situ and in real time 351:474 As a consequence, there is a growing need for noninvasive and convenient methods to analyze the implantation remolding process in situ and in real time. 24822206 4 35 theme diagnostic 492:501 arg1 ultrasound 511:520 diagnostic medical ultrasound 492:520 diagnostic medical ultrasound 492:520 In this paper, diagnostic medical ultrasound was used to monitor the in vivo bone formation and degradation process of the novel mineralized collagen fiber reinforced composite which is synthesized by chitosan (CS), nanohydroxyapatite (nHA), and collagen fiber (Col). 24822206 7 36 from DXA 1059:1061 arg1 data 1030:1033 the data 1026:1033 the data from the ultrasound and DXA 1026:1061 Significant consistency between the data from the ultrasound and DXA could be observed (P < 0.05). 24822206 5 37 theme bone 881:884 arg1 rBMSCs 910:915 rBMSCs 910:915 rBMSCs 910:915 To observe the impact of cells on bone remodeling process, the scaffolds were planted into the back of the SD rats with and without rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs). 24822206 5 37 theme bone 881:884 arg1 cells 903:907 rat bone mesenchymal stem cells 877:907 rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) 877:916 To observe the impact of cells on bone remodeling process, the scaffolds were planted into the back of the SD rats with and without rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs). 24822206 5 38 theme cells 770:774 arg1 impact 760:765 the impact 756:765 the impact of cells on bone remodeling process 756:801 To observe the impact of cells on bone remodeling process, the scaffolds were planted into the back of the SD rats with and without rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs). 24822206 4 39 theme degradation 573:583 arg1 process 585:591 degradation process 573:591 degradation process 573:591 In this paper, diagnostic medical ultrasound was used to monitor the in vivo bone formation and degradation process of the novel mineralized collagen fiber reinforced composite which is synthesized by chitosan (CS), nanohydroxyapatite (nHA), and collagen fiber (Col). 24822206 4 40 theme collagen 618:625 arg1 composite 644:652 the novel mineralized collagen fiber reinforced composite 596:652 the novel mineralized collagen fiber reinforced composite which is synthesized by chitosan (CS), nanohydroxyapatite (nHA), and collagen fiber (Col) 596:742 In this paper, diagnostic medical ultrasound was used to monitor the in vivo bone formation and degradation process of the novel mineralized collagen fiber reinforced composite which is synthesized by chitosan (CS), nanohydroxyapatite (nHA), and collagen fiber (Col). 24822206 4 41 theme collagen 723:730 arg1 fiber 732:736 collagen fiber 723:736 collagen fiber (Col) 723:742 In this paper, diagnostic medical ultrasound was used to monitor the in vivo bone formation and degradation process of the novel mineralized collagen fiber reinforced composite which is synthesized by chitosan (CS), nanohydroxyapatite (nHA), and collagen fiber (Col). 24822206 4 41 theme collagen 723:730 arg1 Col 739:741 Col 739:741 Col 739:741 In this paper, diagnostic medical ultrasound was used to monitor the in vivo bone formation and degradation process of the novel mineralized collagen fiber reinforced composite which is synthesized by chitosan (CS), nanohydroxyapatite (nHA), and collagen fiber (Col). 24822206 1 42 theme soft 195:198 arg1 tissues 200:206 soft tissues 195:206 soft tissues 195:206 To date, fiber reinforce scaffolds have been largely applied to repair hard and soft tissues. 24822206 7 43 theme Significant 994:1004 arg1 consistency 1006:1016 Significant consistency 994:1016 Significant consistency between the data from the ultrasound and DXA 994:1061 Significant consistency between the data from the ultrasound and DXA could be observed (P < 0.05). 24822206 4 44 used used 526:529 arg2 ultrasound 511:520 diagnostic medical ultrasound 492:520 diagnostic medical ultrasound 492:520 In this paper, diagnostic medical ultrasound was used to monitor the in vivo bone formation and degradation process of the novel mineralized collagen fiber reinforced composite which is synthesized by chitosan (CS), nanohydroxyapatite (nHA), and collagen fiber (Col). 24822206 4 45 dep formation 559:567 arg1 the 542:544 the 542:544 the 542:544 In this paper, diagnostic medical ultrasound was used to monitor the in vivo bone formation and degradation process of the novel mineralized collagen fiber reinforced composite which is synthesized by chitosan (CS), nanohydroxyapatite (nHA), and collagen fiber (Col). 24822206 4 46 theme composite 644:652 arg1 formation 559:567 in vivo bone formation 546:567 in vivo bone formation 546:567 In this paper, diagnostic medical ultrasound was used to monitor the in vivo bone formation and degradation process of the novel mineralized collagen fiber reinforced composite which is synthesized by chitosan (CS), nanohydroxyapatite (nHA), and collagen fiber (Col). 24822206 4 46 theme composite 644:652 arg1 process 585:591 degradation process 573:591 degradation process 573:591 In this paper, diagnostic medical ultrasound was used to monitor the in vivo bone formation and degradation process of the novel mineralized collagen fiber reinforced composite which is synthesized by chitosan (CS), nanohydroxyapatite (nHA), and collagen fiber (Col). 24822206 8 47 from scaffolds 1204:1212 arg1 situ 1217:1220 situ 1217:1220 situ 1217:1220 This indicated that ultrasound may serve as a feasible alternative for noninvasive monitoring the evolution of scaffolds in situ during cell growth. 24822206 4 48 dep in 546:547 arg1 vivo 549:552 vivo 549:552 vivo 549:552 In this paper, diagnostic medical ultrasound was used to monitor the in vivo bone formation and degradation process of the novel mineralized collagen fiber reinforced composite which is synthesized by chitosan (CS), nanohydroxyapatite (nHA), and collagen fiber (Col). 24822206 4 49 theme mineralized 606:616 arg1 composite 644:652 the novel mineralized collagen fiber reinforced composite 596:652 the novel mineralized collagen fiber reinforced composite which is synthesized by chitosan (CS), nanohydroxyapatite (nHA), and collagen fiber (Col) 596:742 In this paper, diagnostic medical ultrasound was used to monitor the in vivo bone formation and degradation process of the novel mineralized collagen fiber reinforced composite which is synthesized by chitosan (CS), nanohydroxyapatite (nHA), and collagen fiber (Col). 24822206 3 50 theme implantation 420:431 arg1 process 443:449 the implantation remolding process 416:449 the implantation remolding process in situ and in real time 416:474 As a consequence, there is a growing need for noninvasive and convenient methods to analyze the implantation remolding process in situ and in real time. 24822206 6 51 theme Systematic 919:928 arg1 data 930:933 Systematic data 919:933 Systematic data of scaffolds in vivo 919:954 Systematic data of scaffolds in vivo was extracted from ultrasound images. 24822206 2 52 theme crucial 289:295 arg1 Meanwhile 209:217 Meanwhile 209:217 Meanwhile 209:217 Meanwhile, monitoring the scaffolds for long periods in vivo is recognized as a crucial issue before its wide use. 24822206 2 52 theme crucial 289:295 arg1 issue 297:301 a crucial issue 287:301 a crucial issue before its wide use 287:321 Meanwhile, monitoring the scaffolds for long periods in vivo is recognized as a crucial issue before its wide use. 24822206 8 53 from evolution 1191:1199 arg1 situ 1217:1220 situ 1217:1220 situ 1217:1220 This indicated that ultrasound may serve as a feasible alternative for noninvasive monitoring the evolution of scaffolds in situ during cell growth. 24822206 6 54 theme ultrasound 975:984 arg1 images 986:991 ultrasound images 975:991 ultrasound images 975:991 Systematic data of scaffolds in vivo was extracted from ultrasound images. 24822206 0 55 theme collagen 61:68 arg1 fiber 70:74 the collagen fiber 57:74 the collagen fiber 57:74 Application of ultrasound on monitoring the evolution of the collagen fiber reinforced nHAC/CS composites in vivo. 24822206 2 56 dep Meanwhile 209:217 arg1 monitoring 220:229 monitoring 220:229 monitoring the scaffolds for long periods in vivo 220:268 Meanwhile, monitoring the scaffolds for long periods in vivo is recognized as a crucial issue before its wide use. 24822206 1 57 theme fiber 124:128 arg1 scaffolds 140:148 fiber reinforce scaffolds 124:148 fiber reinforce scaffolds 124:148 To date, fiber reinforce scaffolds have been largely applied to repair hard and soft tissues. 24822206 6 58 dep in 948:949 arg1 vivo 951:954 vivo 951:954 vivo 951:954 Systematic data of scaffolds in vivo was extracted from ultrasound images. 24822206 5 59 theme rat 877:879 arg1 rBMSCs 910:915 rBMSCs 910:915 rBMSCs 910:915 To observe the impact of cells on bone remodeling process, the scaffolds were planted into the back of the SD rats with and without rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs). 24822206 5 59 theme rat 877:879 arg1 cells 903:907 rat bone mesenchymal stem cells 877:907 rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) 877:916 To observe the impact of cells on bone remodeling process, the scaffolds were planted into the back of the SD rats with and without rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs). 24822206 3 60 theme real 466:469 arg1 time 471:474 real time 466:474 real time 466:474 As a consequence, there is a growing need for noninvasive and convenient methods to analyze the implantation remolding process in situ and in real time. 24822206 4 61 theme in 546:547 arg1 formation 559:567 in vivo bone formation 546:567 in vivo bone formation 546:567 In this paper, diagnostic medical ultrasound was used to monitor the in vivo bone formation and degradation process of the novel mineralized collagen fiber reinforced composite which is synthesized by chitosan (CS), nanohydroxyapatite (nHA), and collagen fiber (Col). 27220916 4 0 theme physical 1273:1280 arg1 attributes 1282:1291 physical attributes 1273:1291 physical attributes for cell walls 1273:1306 A major challenge in the mechanical modeling of dynamic biological structures, such as guard cell walls, is to connect nanoscale features (e.g., wall polymers and their molecular interactions) with cell-scale mechanics; this challenge can be addressed by applying multiscale computational modeling that spans multiple spatial scales and physical attributes for cell walls. 27220916 4 1 theme multiple 1245:1252 arg1 scales 1262:1267 multiple spatial scales 1245:1267 multiple spatial scales 1245:1267 A major challenge in the mechanical modeling of dynamic biological structures, such as guard cell walls, is to connect nanoscale features (e.g., wall polymers and their molecular interactions) with cell-scale mechanics; this challenge can be addressed by applying multiscale computational modeling that spans multiple spatial scales and physical attributes for cell walls. 27220916 4 2 theme biological 992:1001 arg1 structures 1003:1012 dynamic biological structures 984:1012 dynamic biological structures 984:1012 A major challenge in the mechanical modeling of dynamic biological structures, such as guard cell walls, is to connect nanoscale features (e.g., wall polymers and their molecular interactions) with cell-scale mechanics; this challenge can be addressed by applying multiscale computational modeling that spans multiple spatial scales and physical attributes for cell walls. 27220916 4 2 theme biological 992:1001 arg1 walls 1034:1038 guard cell walls 1023:1038 guard cell walls 1023:1038 A major challenge in the mechanical modeling of dynamic biological structures, such as guard cell walls, is to connect nanoscale features (e.g., wall polymers and their molecular interactions) with cell-scale mechanics; this challenge can be addressed by applying multiscale computational modeling that spans multiple spatial scales and physical attributes for cell walls. 27220916 1 3 theme flexibility 238:248 arg1 determinants 197:208 essential determinants 187:208 essential determinants of the amazing strength and flexibility of the guard cells that surround each stomatal pore in plants, but surprisingly little is known about cell wall composition, organization, and dynamics in guard cells 187:415 Cell walls are likely to be essential determinants of the amazing strength and flexibility of the guard cells that surround each stomatal pore in plants, but surprisingly little is known about cell wall composition, organization, and dynamics in guard cells. 27220916 4 4 theme cell 1297:1300 arg1 walls 1302:1306 cell walls 1297:1306 cell walls 1297:1306 A major challenge in the mechanical modeling of dynamic biological structures, such as guard cell walls, is to connect nanoscale features (e.g., wall polymers and their molecular interactions) with cell-scale mechanics; this challenge can be addressed by applying multiscale computational modeling that spans multiple spatial scales and physical attributes for cell walls. 27220916 1 5 theme guard 405:409 arg1 cells 411:415 guard cells 405:415 guard cells 405:415 Cell walls are likely to be essential determinants of the amazing strength and flexibility of the guard cells that surround each stomatal pore in plants, but surprisingly little is known about cell wall composition, organization, and dynamics in guard cells. 27220916 1 6 theme Cell 159:162 arg1 walls 164:168 Cell walls 159:168 Cell walls 159:168 Cell walls are likely to be essential determinants of the amazing strength and flexibility of the guard cells that surround each stomatal pore in plants, but surprisingly little is known about cell wall composition, organization, and dynamics in guard cells. 27220916 3 7 theme Synthesis 832:840 arg1 Complexes 842:850 Cellulose Synthesis Complexes 822:850 Cellulose Synthesis Complexes (CSCs) 822:857 Advanced image analysis methods can allow for the automated detection of key structures, such as microtubules (MTs) and Cellulose Synthesis Complexes (CSCs), in guard cells, to help determine their contributions to stomatal function. 27220916 3 7 theme Synthesis 832:840 arg1 CSCs 853:856 CSCs 853:856 CSCs 853:856 Advanced image analysis methods can allow for the automated detection of key structures, such as microtubules (MTs) and Cellulose Synthesis Complexes (CSCs), in guard cells, to help determine their contributions to stomatal function. 27220916 1 8 dep strength 225:232 arg1 the 213:215 the 213:215 the 213:215 Cell walls are likely to be essential determinants of the amazing strength and flexibility of the guard cells that surround each stomatal pore in plants, but surprisingly little is known about cell wall composition, organization, and dynamics in guard cells. 27220916 2 9 dep Arabidopsis 504:514 arg1 thaliana 516:523 thaliana 516:523 thaliana 516:523 Recent analyses of cell wall organization and stomatal function in the guard cells of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with defects in cellulose and xyloglucan have allowed for the development of new hypotheses about the relative contributions of these components to guard cell function. 27220916 2 10 dep wall 442:445 arg1 organization 447:458 organization 447:458 organization 447:458 Recent analyses of cell wall organization and stomatal function in the guard cells of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with defects in cellulose and xyloglucan have allowed for the development of new hypotheses about the relative contributions of these components to guard cell function. 27220916 1 11 from organization 375:386 arg1 cells 411:415 guard cells 405:415 guard cells 405:415 Cell walls are likely to be essential determinants of the amazing strength and flexibility of the guard cells that surround each stomatal pore in plants, but surprisingly little is known about cell wall composition, organization, and dynamics in guard cells. 27220916 3 12 theme Advanced 702:709 arg1 methods 726:732 Advanced image analysis methods 702:732 Advanced image analysis methods 702:732 Advanced image analysis methods can allow for the automated detection of key structures, such as microtubules (MTs) and Cellulose Synthesis Complexes (CSCs), in guard cells, to help determine their contributions to stomatal function. 27220916 1 13 from pore 297:300 arg1 plants 305:310 plants 305:310 plants 305:310 Cell walls are likely to be essential determinants of the amazing strength and flexibility of the guard cells that surround each stomatal pore in plants, but surprisingly little is known about cell wall composition, organization, and dynamics in guard cells. 27220916 2 14 theme hypotheses 614:623 arg1 development 595:605 the development 591:605 the development of new hypotheses about the relative contributions of these components to guard cell function 591:699 Recent analyses of cell wall organization and stomatal function in the guard cells of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with defects in cellulose and xyloglucan have allowed for the development of new hypotheses about the relative contributions of these components to guard cell function. 27220916 4 15 theme major 938:942 arg1 challenge 944:952 A major challenge 936:952 A major challenge in the mechanical modeling of dynamic biological structures, such as guard cell walls, 936:1039 A major challenge in the mechanical modeling of dynamic biological structures, such as guard cell walls, is to connect nanoscale features (e.g., wall polymers and their molecular interactions) with cell-scale mechanics; this challenge can be addressed by applying multiscale computational modeling that spans multiple spatial scales and physical attributes for cell walls. 27220916 1 16 theme guard 257:261 arg1 cells 263:267 the guard cells 253:267 the guard cells that surround each stomatal pore in plants, but surprisingly little is known about cell wall composition, organization, and dynamics in guard cells 253:415 Cell walls are likely to be essential determinants of the amazing strength and flexibility of the guard cells that surround each stomatal pore in plants, but surprisingly little is known about cell wall composition, organization, and dynamics in guard cells. 27220916 3 17 theme automated 752:760 arg1 detection 762:770 the automated detection 748:770 the automated detection of key structures, such as microtubules (MTs) and Cellulose Synthesis Complexes (CSCs), in guard cells 748:873 Advanced image analysis methods can allow for the automated detection of key structures, such as microtubules (MTs) and Cellulose Synthesis Complexes (CSCs), in guard cells, to help determine their contributions to stomatal function. 27220916 2 18 from analyses 425:432 arg1 cells 495:499 the guard cells 485:499 the guard cells of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with defects in cellulose and xyloglucan 485:572 Recent analyses of cell wall organization and stomatal function in the guard cells of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with defects in cellulose and xyloglucan have allowed for the development of new hypotheses about the relative contributions of these components to guard cell function. 27220916 2 19 theme new 610:612 arg1 hypotheses 614:623 new hypotheses 610:623 new hypotheses about the relative contributions of these components 610:676 Recent analyses of cell wall organization and stomatal function in the guard cells of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with defects in cellulose and xyloglucan have allowed for the development of new hypotheses about the relative contributions of these components to guard cell function. 27220916 3 20 theme guard 863:867 arg1 cells 869:873 guard cells 863:873 guard cells 863:873 Advanced image analysis methods can allow for the automated detection of key structures, such as microtubules (MTs) and Cellulose Synthesis Complexes (CSCs), in guard cells, to help determine their contributions to stomatal function. 27220916 1 21 from composition 362:372 arg1 cells 411:415 guard cells 405:415 guard cells 405:415 Cell walls are likely to be essential determinants of the amazing strength and flexibility of the guard cells that surround each stomatal pore in plants, but surprisingly little is known about cell wall composition, organization, and dynamics in guard cells. 27220916 3 22 from detection 762:770 arg1 cells 869:873 guard cells 863:873 guard cells 863:873 Advanced image analysis methods can allow for the automated detection of key structures, such as microtubules (MTs) and Cellulose Synthesis Complexes (CSCs), in guard cells, to help determine their contributions to stomatal function. 27220916 2 23 from defects 538:544 arg1 xyloglucan 563:572 xyloglucan 563:572 xyloglucan 563:572 Recent analyses of cell wall organization and stomatal function in the guard cells of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with defects in cellulose and xyloglucan have allowed for the development of new hypotheses about the relative contributions of these components to guard cell function. 27220916 2 23 from defects 538:544 arg1 cellulose 549:557 cellulose 549:557 cellulose 549:557 Recent analyses of cell wall organization and stomatal function in the guard cells of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with defects in cellulose and xyloglucan have allowed for the development of new hypotheses about the relative contributions of these components to guard cell function. 27220916 4 24 theme cell-scale 1134:1143 arg1 mechanics 1145:1153 cell-scale mechanics 1134:1153 cell-scale mechanics 1134:1153 A major challenge in the mechanical modeling of dynamic biological structures, such as guard cell walls, is to connect nanoscale features (e.g., wall polymers and their molecular interactions) with cell-scale mechanics; this challenge can be addressed by applying multiscale computational modeling that spans multiple spatial scales and physical attributes for cell walls. 27220916 4 25 theme spatial 1254:1260 arg1 scales 1262:1267 multiple spatial scales 1245:1267 multiple spatial scales 1245:1267 A major challenge in the mechanical modeling of dynamic biological structures, such as guard cell walls, is to connect nanoscale features (e.g., wall polymers and their molecular interactions) with cell-scale mechanics; this challenge can be addressed by applying multiscale computational modeling that spans multiple spatial scales and physical attributes for cell walls. 27220916 0 26 theme cell 12:15 arg1 biology 17:23 cell biology 12:23 cell biology 12:23 Integrating cell biology, image analysis, and computational mechanical modeling to analyze the contributions of cellulose and xyloglucan to stomatal function. 27220916 1 27 theme cell 352:355 arg1 composition 362:372 cell wall composition 352:372 cell wall composition 352:372 Cell walls are likely to be essential determinants of the amazing strength and flexibility of the guard cells that surround each stomatal pore in plants, but surprisingly little is known about cell wall composition, organization, and dynamics in guard cells. 27220916 0 28 theme mechanical 60:69 arg1 modeling 71:78 computational mechanical modeling 46:78 computational mechanical modeling 46:78 Integrating cell biology, image analysis, and computational mechanical modeling to analyze the contributions of cellulose and xyloglucan to stomatal function. 27220916 3 29 theme image 711:715 arg1 methods 726:732 Advanced image analysis methods 702:732 Advanced image analysis methods 702:732 Advanced image analysis methods can allow for the automated detection of key structures, such as microtubules (MTs) and Cellulose Synthesis Complexes (CSCs), in guard cells, to help determine their contributions to stomatal function. 27220916 4 30 theme mechanical 961:970 arg1 modeling 972:979 the mechanical modeling 957:979 the mechanical modeling of dynamic biological structures, such as guard cell walls, 957:1039 A major challenge in the mechanical modeling of dynamic biological structures, such as guard cell walls, is to connect nanoscale features (e.g., wall polymers and their molecular interactions) with cell-scale mechanics; this challenge can be addressed by applying multiscale computational modeling that spans multiple spatial scales and physical attributes for cell walls. 27220916 1 31 theme cells 263:267 arg1 strength 225:232 amazing strength 217:232 amazing strength 217:232 Cell walls are likely to be essential determinants of the amazing strength and flexibility of the guard cells that surround each stomatal pore in plants, but surprisingly little is known about cell wall composition, organization, and dynamics in guard cells. 27220916 1 31 theme cells 263:267 arg1 flexibility 238:248 flexibility 238:248 flexibility 238:248 Cell walls are likely to be essential determinants of the amazing strength and flexibility of the guard cells that surround each stomatal pore in plants, but surprisingly little is known about cell wall composition, organization, and dynamics in guard cells. 27220916 4 32 with features 1065:1072 arg1 mechanics 1145:1153 cell-scale mechanics 1134:1153 cell-scale mechanics 1134:1153 A major challenge in the mechanical modeling of dynamic biological structures, such as guard cell walls, is to connect nanoscale features (e.g., wall polymers and their molecular interactions) with cell-scale mechanics; this challenge can be addressed by applying multiscale computational modeling that spans multiple spatial scales and physical attributes for cell walls. 27220916 4 33 theme dynamic 984:990 arg1 structures 1003:1012 dynamic biological structures 984:1012 dynamic biological structures 984:1012 A major challenge in the mechanical modeling of dynamic biological structures, such as guard cell walls, is to connect nanoscale features (e.g., wall polymers and their molecular interactions) with cell-scale mechanics; this challenge can be addressed by applying multiscale computational modeling that spans multiple spatial scales and physical attributes for cell walls. 27220916 4 33 theme dynamic 984:990 arg1 walls 1034:1038 guard cell walls 1023:1038 guard cell walls 1023:1038 A major challenge in the mechanical modeling of dynamic biological structures, such as guard cell walls, is to connect nanoscale features (e.g., wall polymers and their molecular interactions) with cell-scale mechanics; this challenge can be addressed by applying multiscale computational modeling that spans multiple spatial scales and physical attributes for cell walls. 27220916 2 34 theme mutants 525:531 arg1 cells 495:499 the guard cells 485:499 the guard cells of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with defects in cellulose and xyloglucan 485:572 Recent analyses of cell wall organization and stomatal function in the guard cells of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with defects in cellulose and xyloglucan have allowed for the development of new hypotheses about the relative contributions of these components to guard cell function. 27220916 2 35 theme relative 635:642 arg1 contributions 644:656 the relative contributions 631:656 the relative contributions of these components 631:676 Recent analyses of cell wall organization and stomatal function in the guard cells of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with defects in cellulose and xyloglucan have allowed for the development of new hypotheses about the relative contributions of these components to guard cell function. 27220916 3 36 theme analysis 717:724 arg1 methods 726:732 Advanced image analysis methods 702:732 Advanced image analysis methods 702:732 Advanced image analysis methods can allow for the automated detection of key structures, such as microtubules (MTs) and Cellulose Synthesis Complexes (CSCs), in guard cells, to help determine their contributions to stomatal function. 27220916 0 37 theme cellulose 112:120 arg1 contributions 95:107 the contributions 91:107 the contributions of cellulose and xyloglucan to stomatal function 91:156 Integrating cell biology, image analysis, and computational mechanical modeling to analyze the contributions of cellulose and xyloglucan to stomatal function. 27220916 1 38 theme wall 357:360 arg1 composition 362:372 cell wall composition 352:372 cell wall composition 352:372 Cell walls are likely to be essential determinants of the amazing strength and flexibility of the guard cells that surround each stomatal pore in plants, but surprisingly little is known about cell wall composition, organization, and dynamics in guard cells. 27220916 2 39 theme cell 437:440 arg1 wall 442:445 cell wall organization and stomatal function 437:480 wall 442:445 Recent analyses of cell wall organization and stomatal function in the guard cells of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with defects in cellulose and xyloglucan have allowed for the development of new hypotheses about the relative contributions of these components to guard cell function. 27220916 1 40 theme essential 187:195 arg1 determinants 197:208 essential determinants 187:208 essential determinants of the amazing strength and flexibility of the guard cells that surround each stomatal pore in plants, but surprisingly little is known about cell wall composition, organization, and dynamics in guard cells 187:415 Cell walls are likely to be essential determinants of the amazing strength and flexibility of the guard cells that surround each stomatal pore in plants, but surprisingly little is known about cell wall composition, organization, and dynamics in guard cells. 27220916 2 41 theme wall 442:445 arg1 analyses 425:432 Recent analyses 418:432 Recent analyses of cell wall organization and stomatal function in the guard cells of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with defects in cellulose and xyloglucan 418:572 Recent analyses of cell wall organization and stomatal function in the guard cells of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with defects in cellulose and xyloglucan have allowed for the development of new hypotheses about the relative contributions of these components to guard cell function. 27220916 4 42 theme nanoscale 1055:1063 arg1 features 1065:1072 nanoscale features 1055:1072 nanoscale features (e.g., wall polymers and their molecular interactions) with cell-scale mechanics 1055:1153 A major challenge in the mechanical modeling of dynamic biological structures, such as guard cell walls, is to connect nanoscale features (e.g., wall polymers and their molecular interactions) with cell-scale mechanics; this challenge can be addressed by applying multiscale computational modeling that spans multiple spatial scales and physical attributes for cell walls. 27220916 2 43 theme Arabidopsis 504:514 arg1 mutants 525:531 Arabidopsis thaliana mutants 504:531 Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with defects in cellulose and xyloglucan 504:572 Recent analyses of cell wall organization and stomatal function in the guard cells of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with defects in cellulose and xyloglucan have allowed for the development of new hypotheses about the relative contributions of these components to guard cell function. 27220916 4 44 theme computational 1211:1223 arg1 modeling 1225:1232 multiscale computational modeling 1200:1232 multiscale computational modeling that spans multiple spatial scales and physical attributes for cell walls 1200:1306 A major challenge in the mechanical modeling of dynamic biological structures, such as guard cell walls, is to connect nanoscale features (e.g., wall polymers and their molecular interactions) with cell-scale mechanics; this challenge can be addressed by applying multiscale computational modeling that spans multiple spatial scales and physical attributes for cell walls. 27220916 0 45 theme image 26:30 arg1 analysis 32:39 image analysis 26:39 image analysis 26:39 Integrating cell biology, image analysis, and computational mechanical modeling to analyze the contributions of cellulose and xyloglucan to stomatal function. 27220916 1 46 theme stomatal 288:295 arg1 pore 297:300 each stomatal pore 283:300 each stomatal pore in plants 283:310 Cell walls are likely to be essential determinants of the amazing strength and flexibility of the guard cells that surround each stomatal pore in plants, but surprisingly little is known about cell wall composition, organization, and dynamics in guard cells. 27220916 0 47 theme xyloglucan 126:135 arg1 contributions 95:107 the contributions 91:107 the contributions of cellulose and xyloglucan to stomatal function 91:156 Integrating cell biology, image analysis, and computational mechanical modeling to analyze the contributions of cellulose and xyloglucan to stomatal function. 27220916 2 48 theme cell 687:690 arg1 function 692:699 cell function 687:699 cell function 687:699 Recent analyses of cell wall organization and stomatal function in the guard cells of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with defects in cellulose and xyloglucan have allowed for the development of new hypotheses about the relative contributions of these components to guard cell function. 27220916 2 49 theme function 473:480 arg1 analyses 425:432 Recent analyses 418:432 Recent analyses of cell wall organization and stomatal function in the guard cells of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with defects in cellulose and xyloglucan 418:572 Recent analyses of cell wall organization and stomatal function in the guard cells of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with defects in cellulose and xyloglucan have allowed for the development of new hypotheses about the relative contributions of these components to guard cell function. 27220916 2 50 theme stomatal 464:471 arg1 function 473:480 stomatal function 464:480 stomatal function 464:480 Recent analyses of cell wall organization and stomatal function in the guard cells of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with defects in cellulose and xyloglucan have allowed for the development of new hypotheses about the relative contributions of these components to guard cell function. 27220916 4 51 from challenge 944:952 arg1 modeling 972:979 the mechanical modeling 957:979 the mechanical modeling of dynamic biological structures, such as guard cell walls, 957:1039 A major challenge in the mechanical modeling of dynamic biological structures, such as guard cell walls, is to connect nanoscale features (e.g., wall polymers and their molecular interactions) with cell-scale mechanics; this challenge can be addressed by applying multiscale computational modeling that spans multiple spatial scales and physical attributes for cell walls. 27220916 0 52 theme stomatal 140:147 arg1 function 149:156 stomatal function 140:156 stomatal function 140:156 Integrating cell biology, image analysis, and computational mechanical modeling to analyze the contributions of cellulose and xyloglucan to stomatal function. 27220916 4 53 theme guard 1023:1027 arg1 walls 1034:1038 guard cell walls 1023:1038 guard cell walls 1023:1038 A major challenge in the mechanical modeling of dynamic biological structures, such as guard cell walls, is to connect nanoscale features (e.g., wall polymers and their molecular interactions) with cell-scale mechanics; this challenge can be addressed by applying multiscale computational modeling that spans multiple spatial scales and physical attributes for cell walls. 27220916 4 54 dep features 1065:1072 arg1 polymers 1086:1093 wall polymers 1081:1093 wall polymers 1081:1093 A major challenge in the mechanical modeling of dynamic biological structures, such as guard cell walls, is to connect nanoscale features (e.g., wall polymers and their molecular interactions) with cell-scale mechanics; this challenge can be addressed by applying multiscale computational modeling that spans multiple spatial scales and physical attributes for cell walls. 27220916 4 54 dep features 1065:1072 arg1 interactions 1115:1126 their molecular interactions 1099:1126 their molecular interactions 1099:1126 A major challenge in the mechanical modeling of dynamic biological structures, such as guard cell walls, is to connect nanoscale features (e.g., wall polymers and their molecular interactions) with cell-scale mechanics; this challenge can be addressed by applying multiscale computational modeling that spans multiple spatial scales and physical attributes for cell walls. 27220916 2 55 theme components 667:676 arg1 contributions 644:656 the relative contributions 631:656 the relative contributions of these components 631:676 Recent analyses of cell wall organization and stomatal function in the guard cells of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with defects in cellulose and xyloglucan have allowed for the development of new hypotheses about the relative contributions of these components to guard cell function. 27220916 3 56 theme Cellulose 822:830 arg1 Complexes 842:850 Cellulose Synthesis Complexes 822:850 Cellulose Synthesis Complexes (CSCs) 822:857 Advanced image analysis methods can allow for the automated detection of key structures, such as microtubules (MTs) and Cellulose Synthesis Complexes (CSCs), in guard cells, to help determine their contributions to stomatal function. 27220916 3 56 theme Cellulose 822:830 arg1 CSCs 853:856 CSCs 853:856 CSCs 853:856 Advanced image analysis methods can allow for the automated detection of key structures, such as microtubules (MTs) and Cellulose Synthesis Complexes (CSCs), in guard cells, to help determine their contributions to stomatal function. 27220916 3 57 theme structures 779:788 arg1 detection 762:770 the automated detection 748:770 the automated detection of key structures, such as microtubules (MTs) and Cellulose Synthesis Complexes (CSCs), in guard cells 748:873 Advanced image analysis methods can allow for the automated detection of key structures, such as microtubules (MTs) and Cellulose Synthesis Complexes (CSCs), in guard cells, to help determine their contributions to stomatal function. 27220916 4 58 theme multiscale 1200:1209 arg1 modeling 1225:1232 multiscale computational modeling 1200:1232 multiscale computational modeling that spans multiple spatial scales and physical attributes for cell walls 1200:1306 A major challenge in the mechanical modeling of dynamic biological structures, such as guard cell walls, is to connect nanoscale features (e.g., wall polymers and their molecular interactions) with cell-scale mechanics; this challenge can be addressed by applying multiscale computational modeling that spans multiple spatial scales and physical attributes for cell walls. 27220916 4 59 theme molecular 1105:1113 arg1 interactions 1115:1126 their molecular interactions 1099:1126 their molecular interactions 1099:1126 A major challenge in the mechanical modeling of dynamic biological structures, such as guard cell walls, is to connect nanoscale features (e.g., wall polymers and their molecular interactions) with cell-scale mechanics; this challenge can be addressed by applying multiscale computational modeling that spans multiple spatial scales and physical attributes for cell walls. 27220916 4 60 theme wall 1081:1084 arg1 polymers 1086:1093 wall polymers 1081:1093 wall polymers 1081:1093 A major challenge in the mechanical modeling of dynamic biological structures, such as guard cell walls, is to connect nanoscale features (e.g., wall polymers and their molecular interactions) with cell-scale mechanics; this challenge can be addressed by applying multiscale computational modeling that spans multiple spatial scales and physical attributes for cell walls. 27220916 2 61 with mutants 525:531 arg1 defects 538:544 defects 538:544 defects in cellulose and xyloglucan 538:572 Recent analyses of cell wall organization and stomatal function in the guard cells of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with defects in cellulose and xyloglucan have allowed for the development of new hypotheses about the relative contributions of these components to guard cell function. 27220916 1 62 theme amazing 217:223 arg1 strength 225:232 amazing strength 217:232 amazing strength 217:232 Cell walls are likely to be essential determinants of the amazing strength and flexibility of the guard cells that surround each stomatal pore in plants, but surprisingly little is known about cell wall composition, organization, and dynamics in guard cells. 27220916 1 63 from dynamics 393:400 arg1 cells 411:415 guard cells 405:415 guard cells 405:415 Cell walls are likely to be essential determinants of the amazing strength and flexibility of the guard cells that surround each stomatal pore in plants, but surprisingly little is known about cell wall composition, organization, and dynamics in guard cells. 27220916 4 64 dep polymers 1086:1093 arg1 e.g. 1075:1078 e.g. 1075:1078 e.g. 1075:1078 A major challenge in the mechanical modeling of dynamic biological structures, such as guard cell walls, is to connect nanoscale features (e.g., wall polymers and their molecular interactions) with cell-scale mechanics; this challenge can be addressed by applying multiscale computational modeling that spans multiple spatial scales and physical attributes for cell walls. 27220916 4 65 theme cell 1029:1032 arg1 walls 1034:1038 guard cell walls 1023:1038 guard cell walls 1023:1038 A major challenge in the mechanical modeling of dynamic biological structures, such as guard cell walls, is to connect nanoscale features (e.g., wall polymers and their molecular interactions) with cell-scale mechanics; this challenge can be addressed by applying multiscale computational modeling that spans multiple spatial scales and physical attributes for cell walls. 27220916 1 66 theme strength 225:232 arg1 determinants 197:208 essential determinants 187:208 essential determinants of the amazing strength and flexibility of the guard cells that surround each stomatal pore in plants, but surprisingly little is known about cell wall composition, organization, and dynamics in guard cells 187:415 Cell walls are likely to be essential determinants of the amazing strength and flexibility of the guard cells that surround each stomatal pore in plants, but surprisingly little is known about cell wall composition, organization, and dynamics in guard cells. 27220916 0 67 theme computational 46:58 arg1 modeling 71:78 computational mechanical modeling 46:78 computational mechanical modeling 46:78 Integrating cell biology, image analysis, and computational mechanical modeling to analyze the contributions of cellulose and xyloglucan to stomatal function. 27220916 1 68 dep surround 274:281 arg1 cells 263:267 the guard cells 253:267 the guard cells that surround each stomatal pore in plants, but surprisingly little is known about cell wall composition, organization, and dynamics in guard cells 253:415 Cell walls are likely to be essential determinants of the amazing strength and flexibility of the guard cells that surround each stomatal pore in plants, but surprisingly little is known about cell wall composition, organization, and dynamics in guard cells. 27220916 3 69 theme key 775:777 arg1 structures 779:788 key structures 775:788 key structures 775:788 Advanced image analysis methods can allow for the automated detection of key structures, such as microtubules (MTs) and Cellulose Synthesis Complexes (CSCs), in guard cells, to help determine their contributions to stomatal function. 27220916 3 69 theme key 775:777 arg1 Complexes 842:850 Cellulose Synthesis Complexes 822:850 Cellulose Synthesis Complexes (CSCs) 822:857 Advanced image analysis methods can allow for the automated detection of key structures, such as microtubules (MTs) and Cellulose Synthesis Complexes (CSCs), in guard cells, to help determine their contributions to stomatal function. 27220916 3 69 theme key 775:777 arg1 microtubules 799:810 microtubules 799:810 microtubules (MTs) 799:816 Advanced image analysis methods can allow for the automated detection of key structures, such as microtubules (MTs) and Cellulose Synthesis Complexes (CSCs), in guard cells, to help determine their contributions to stomatal function. 27220916 3 70 theme stomatal 917:924 arg1 function 926:933 stomatal function 917:933 stomatal function 917:933 Advanced image analysis methods can allow for the automated detection of key structures, such as microtubules (MTs) and Cellulose Synthesis Complexes (CSCs), in guard cells, to help determine their contributions to stomatal function. 27220916 2 71 theme Recent 418:423 arg1 analyses 425:432 Recent analyses 418:432 Recent analyses of cell wall organization and stomatal function in the guard cells of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with defects in cellulose and xyloglucan 418:572 Recent analyses of cell wall organization and stomatal function in the guard cells of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with defects in cellulose and xyloglucan have allowed for the development of new hypotheses about the relative contributions of these components to guard cell function. 27220916 4 72 theme structures 1003:1012 arg1 modeling 972:979 the mechanical modeling 957:979 the mechanical modeling of dynamic biological structures, such as guard cell walls, 957:1039 A major challenge in the mechanical modeling of dynamic biological structures, such as guard cell walls, is to connect nanoscale features (e.g., wall polymers and their molecular interactions) with cell-scale mechanics; this challenge can be addressed by applying multiscale computational modeling that spans multiple spatial scales and physical attributes for cell walls. 27220916 2 73 theme guard 489:493 arg1 cells 495:499 the guard cells 485:499 the guard cells of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with defects in cellulose and xyloglucan 485:572 Recent analyses of cell wall organization and stomatal function in the guard cells of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with defects in cellulose and xyloglucan have allowed for the development of new hypotheses about the relative contributions of these components to guard cell function. 25502824 10 0 dep filler 1658:1663 arg1 developed 1668:1676 developed 1668:1676 developed 1668:1676 The filler we developed may be a suitable candidate as an injectable dermal filler for tissue augmentation in humans. 25502824 1 1 theme composite 142:150 arg1 filler 152:157 a composite filler 140:157 a composite filler comprising cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) and human collagen (COL) derived from the human umbilical cord with the aim of improving its biocompatibility and longevity compared with commercially available fillers 140:371 In this study, we developed a composite filler comprising cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) and human collagen (COL) derived from the human umbilical cord with the aim of improving its biocompatibility and longevity compared with commercially available fillers. 25502824 6 2 theme complex 961:967 arg1 properties 949:958 improved or similar physical properties 920:958 properties 949:958 The composites showed improved or similar physical properties (complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP, and injection force of 10- 12 N) over the commercial dermal fillers. 25502824 6 2 theme complex 961:967 arg1 cP 996:997 complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP 961:997 complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP 961:997 The composites showed improved or similar physical properties (complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP, and injection force of 10- 12 N) over the commercial dermal fillers. 25502824 7 3 theme remaining 1121:1129 arg1 weight 1148:1153 remaining composite filler weight 1121:1153 remaining composite filler weight 1121:1153 Sixteen weeks following the injection, the ratio of remaining composite filler weight to initial weight (75.5 ± 16.9%; 10:1) was shown to be greater than that of the commercial fillers (43.2 ± 8.1%, Restylane; 12.3 ± 5.3%, TheraFill). 25502824 2 4 dep ratios 433:438 arg1 5:1 450:452 5:1 450:452 5:1 450:452 After HA/ COL composite fillers were made in two different ratios (10:1 and 5:1), the physical properties of the fillers were evaluated. 25502824 2 4 dep ratios 433:438 arg1 10:1 441:444 10:1 441:444 10:1 441:444 After HA/ COL composite fillers were made in two different ratios (10:1 and 5:1), the physical properties of the fillers were evaluated. 25502824 7 5 dep % 1265:1265 arg1 % 1289:1289 12.3 ± 5.3% 1279:1289 12.3 ± 5.3% 1279:1289 Sixteen weeks following the injection, the ratio of remaining composite filler weight to initial weight (75.5 ± 16.9%; 10:1) was shown to be greater than that of the commercial fillers (43.2 ± 8.1%, Restylane; 12.3 ± 5.3%, TheraFill). 25502824 8 6 theme other 1520:1524 arg1 fillers 1526:1532 the other fillers 1516:1532 the other fillers 1516:1532 In addition, immunohistochemical analysis with angiogenesis-related markers such as isolectin and vWF revealed newly formed blood vessels and cellular influx into the composite filler, which were not observed in the other fillers. 25502824 8 7 theme immunohistochemical 1317:1335 arg1 analysis 1337:1344 immunohistochemical analysis 1317:1344 immunohistochemical analysis with angiogenesis-related markers such as isolectin and vWF 1317:1404 In addition, immunohistochemical analysis with angiogenesis-related markers such as isolectin and vWF revealed newly formed blood vessels and cellular influx into the composite filler, which were not observed in the other fillers. 25502824 10 8 theme tissue 1741:1746 arg1 augmentation 1748:1759 tissue augmentation 1741:1759 tissue augmentation in humans 1741:1769 The filler we developed may be a suitable candidate as an injectable dermal filler for tissue augmentation in humans. 25502824 6 9 theme commercial 1042:1051 arg1 fillers 1060:1066 the commercial dermal fillers 1038:1066 the commercial dermal fillers 1038:1066 The composites showed improved or similar physical properties (complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP, and injection force of 10- 12 N) over the commercial dermal fillers. 25502824 0 10 theme tissue 89:94 arg1 reconstruction 96:109 tissue reconstruction 89:109 tissue reconstruction 89:109 A composite dermal filler comprising cross-linked hyaluronic acid and human collagen for tissue reconstruction. 25502824 8 11 theme angiogenesis-related 1351:1370 arg1 vWF 1402:1404 vWF 1402:1404 vWF 1402:1404 In addition, immunohistochemical analysis with angiogenesis-related markers such as isolectin and vWF revealed newly formed blood vessels and cellular influx into the composite filler, which were not observed in the other fillers. 25502824 8 11 theme angiogenesis-related 1351:1370 arg1 markers 1372:1378 angiogenesis-related markers 1351:1378 angiogenesis-related markers such as isolectin and vWF 1351:1404 In addition, immunohistochemical analysis with angiogenesis-related markers such as isolectin and vWF revealed newly formed blood vessels and cellular influx into the composite filler, which were not observed in the other fillers. 25502824 8 11 theme angiogenesis-related 1351:1370 arg1 isolectin 1388:1396 isolectin 1388:1396 isolectin 1388:1396 In addition, immunohistochemical analysis with angiogenesis-related markers such as isolectin and vWF revealed newly formed blood vessels and cellular influx into the composite filler, which were not observed in the other fillers. 25502824 8 12 theme composite 1471:1479 arg1 filler 1481:1486 the composite filler 1467:1486 the composite filler 1467:1486 In addition, immunohistochemical analysis with angiogenesis-related markers such as isolectin and vWF revealed newly formed blood vessels and cellular influx into the composite filler, which were not observed in the other fillers. 25502824 5 13 theme dermal 856:861 arg1 Restylane 872:880 Restylane 872:880 Restylane 872:880 The variations of injected gel weight were measured and compared with the commercial dermal fillers (Restylane and TheraFill). 25502824 5 13 theme dermal 856:861 arg1 fillers 863:869 the commercial dermal fillers 841:869 the commercial dermal fillers (Restylane and TheraFill) 841:895 The variations of injected gel weight were measured and compared with the commercial dermal fillers (Restylane and TheraFill). 25502824 5 13 theme dermal 856:861 arg1 TheraFill 886:894 TheraFill 886:894 TheraFill 886:894 The variations of injected gel weight were measured and compared with the commercial dermal fillers (Restylane and TheraFill). 25502824 6 14 theme physical 940:947 arg1 force 1014:1018 injection force 1004:1018 injection force of 10- 12 N 1004:1030 The composites showed improved or similar physical properties (complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP, and injection force of 10- 12 N) over the commercial dermal fillers. 25502824 6 14 theme physical 940:947 arg1 properties 949:958 improved or similar physical properties 920:958 properties 949:958 The composites showed improved or similar physical properties (complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP, and injection force of 10- 12 N) over the commercial dermal fillers. 25502824 6 14 theme physical 940:947 arg1 cP 996:997 complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP 961:997 complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP 961:997 The composites showed improved or similar physical properties (complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP, and injection force of 10- 12 N) over the commercial dermal fillers. 25502824 6 15 theme injection 1004:1012 arg1 force 1014:1018 injection force 1004:1018 injection force of 10- 12 N 1004:1030 The composites showed improved or similar physical properties (complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP, and injection force of 10- 12 N) over the commercial dermal fillers. 25502824 6 15 theme injection 1004:1012 arg1 properties 949:958 improved or similar physical properties 920:958 properties 949:958 The composites showed improved or similar physical properties (complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP, and injection force of 10- 12 N) over the commercial dermal fillers. 25502824 6 16 theme × 988:988 arg1 properties 949:958 improved or similar physical properties 920:958 properties 949:958 The composites showed improved or similar physical properties (complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP, and injection force of 10- 12 N) over the commercial dermal fillers. 25502824 6 16 theme × 988:988 arg1 cP 996:997 complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP 961:997 complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP 961:997 The composites showed improved or similar physical properties (complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP, and injection force of 10- 12 N) over the commercial dermal fillers. 25502824 7 17 dep fillers 1246:1252 arg1 Restylane 1268:1276 Restylane 1268:1276 Restylane 1268:1276 Sixteen weeks following the injection, the ratio of remaining composite filler weight to initial weight (75.5 ± 16.9%; 10:1) was shown to be greater than that of the commercial fillers (43.2 ± 8.1%, Restylane; 12.3 ± 5.3%, TheraFill). 25502824 7 17 dep fillers 1246:1252 arg1 % 1265:1265 43.2 ± 8.1% 1255:1265 43.2 ± 8.1% 1255:1265 Sixteen weeks following the injection, the ratio of remaining composite filler weight to initial weight (75.5 ± 16.9%; 10:1) was shown to be greater than that of the commercial fillers (43.2 ± 8.1%, Restylane; 12.3 ± 5.3%, TheraFill). 25502824 7 17 dep fillers 1246:1252 arg1 TheraFill 1292:1300 TheraFill 1292:1300 TheraFill 1292:1300 Sixteen weeks following the injection, the ratio of remaining composite filler weight to initial weight (75.5 ± 16.9%; 10:1) was shown to be greater than that of the commercial fillers (43.2 ± 8.1%, Restylane; 12.3 ± 5.3%, TheraFill). 25502824 2 18 theme HA/ 380:382 arg1 fillers 398:404 HA/ COL composite fillers 380:404 HA/ COL composite fillers 380:404 After HA/ COL composite fillers were made in two different ratios (10:1 and 5:1), the physical properties of the fillers were evaluated. 25502824 2 19 theme physical 460:467 arg1 properties 469:478 the physical properties 456:478 the physical properties of the fillers 456:493 After HA/ COL composite fillers were made in two different ratios (10:1 and 5:1), the physical properties of the fillers were evaluated. 25502824 7 20 theme ± 1284:1284 arg1 % 1289:1289 12.3 ± 5.3% 1279:1289 12.3 ± 5.3% 1279:1289 Sixteen weeks following the injection, the ratio of remaining composite filler weight to initial weight (75.5 ± 16.9%; 10:1) was shown to be greater than that of the commercial fillers (43.2 ± 8.1%, Restylane; 12.3 ± 5.3%, TheraFill). 25502824 4 21 theme composite 722:730 arg1 fillers 732:738 the composite fillers 718:738 the composite fillers 718:738 To evaluate their biocompatibility and durability in vivo, we injected the composite fillers into nude mice subcutaneously. 25502824 10 22 theme injectable 1712:1721 arg1 filler 1730:1735 an injectable dermal filler 1709:1735 an injectable dermal filler for tissue augmentation in humans 1709:1769 The filler we developed may be a suitable candidate as an injectable dermal filler for tissue augmentation in humans. 25502824 1 23 theme cross-linked 170:181 arg1 HA 200:201 HA 200:201 HA 200:201 In this study, we developed a composite filler comprising cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) and human collagen (COL) derived from the human umbilical cord with the aim of improving its biocompatibility and longevity compared with commercially available fillers. 25502824 1 23 theme cross-linked 170:181 arg1 acid 194:197 cross-linked hyaluronic acid 170:197 cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) 170:202 In this study, we developed a composite filler comprising cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) and human collagen (COL) derived from the human umbilical cord with the aim of improving its biocompatibility and longevity compared with commercially available fillers. 25502824 2 24 theme different 423:431 arg1 ratios 433:438 two different ratios 419:438 two different ratios (10:1 and 5:1) 419:453 After HA/ COL composite fillers were made in two different ratios (10:1 and 5:1), the physical properties of the fillers were evaluated. 25502824 1 25 theme available 355:363 arg1 fillers 365:371 commercially available fillers 342:371 commercially available fillers 342:371 In this study, we developed a composite filler comprising cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) and human collagen (COL) derived from the human umbilical cord with the aim of improving its biocompatibility and longevity compared with commercially available fillers. 25502824 6 26 theme similar 932:938 arg1 force 1014:1018 injection force 1004:1018 injection force of 10- 12 N 1004:1030 The composites showed improved or similar physical properties (complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP, and injection force of 10- 12 N) over the commercial dermal fillers. 25502824 6 26 theme similar 932:938 arg1 properties 949:958 improved or similar physical properties 920:958 properties 949:958 The composites showed improved or similar physical properties (complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP, and injection force of 10- 12 N) over the commercial dermal fillers. 25502824 6 26 theme similar 932:938 arg1 cP 996:997 complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP 961:997 complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP 961:997 The composites showed improved or similar physical properties (complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP, and injection force of 10- 12 N) over the commercial dermal fillers. 25502824 1 27 theme hyaluronic 183:192 arg1 HA 200:201 HA 200:201 HA 200:201 In this study, we developed a composite filler comprising cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) and human collagen (COL) derived from the human umbilical cord with the aim of improving its biocompatibility and longevity compared with commercially available fillers. 25502824 1 27 theme hyaluronic 183:192 arg1 acid 194:197 cross-linked hyaluronic acid 170:197 cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) 170:202 In this study, we developed a composite filler comprising cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) and human collagen (COL) derived from the human umbilical cord with the aim of improving its biocompatibility and longevity compared with commercially available fillers. 25502824 9 28 theme tissue 1631:1636 arg1 reconstruction 1638:1651 soft tissue reconstruction 1626:1651 soft tissue reconstruction 1626:1651 These results clearly suggest that the HA/COL composite filler is a superior candidate for soft tissue reconstruction. 25502824 1 29 theme human 246:250 arg1 cord 262:265 the human umbilical cord 242:265 the human umbilical cord 242:265 In this study, we developed a composite filler comprising cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) and human collagen (COL) derived from the human umbilical cord with the aim of improving its biocompatibility and longevity compared with commercially available fillers. 25502824 1 30 link cross-linked 170:181 arg1 HA 200:201 HA 200:201 HA 200:201 In this study, we developed a composite filler comprising cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) and human collagen (COL) derived from the human umbilical cord with the aim of improving its biocompatibility and longevity compared with commercially available fillers. 25502824 1 30 link cross-linked 170:181 arg1 acid 194:197 cross-linked hyaluronic acid 170:197 cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) 170:202 In this study, we developed a composite filler comprising cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) and human collagen (COL) derived from the human umbilical cord with the aim of improving its biocompatibility and longevity compared with commercially available fillers. 25502824 0 31 link cross-linked 37:48 arg1 acid 61:64 cross-linked hyaluronic acid 37:64 cross-linked hyaluronic acid 37:64 A composite dermal filler comprising cross-linked hyaluronic acid and human collagen for tissue reconstruction. 25502824 5 32 dep fillers 863:869 arg1 Restylane 872:880 Restylane 872:880 Restylane 872:880 The variations of injected gel weight were measured and compared with the commercial dermal fillers (Restylane and TheraFill). 25502824 5 32 dep fillers 863:869 arg1 fillers 863:869 the commercial dermal fillers 841:869 the commercial dermal fillers (Restylane and TheraFill) 841:895 The variations of injected gel weight were measured and compared with the commercial dermal fillers (Restylane and TheraFill). 25502824 5 32 dep fillers 863:869 arg1 TheraFill 886:894 TheraFill 886:894 TheraFill 886:894 The variations of injected gel weight were measured and compared with the commercial dermal fillers (Restylane and TheraFill). 25502824 10 33 from augmentation 1748:1759 arg1 humans 1764:1769 humans 1764:1769 humans 1764:1769 The filler we developed may be a suitable candidate as an injectable dermal filler for tissue augmentation in humans. 25502824 7 34 dep weeks 1077:1081 arg1 injection 1097:1105 the injection 1093:1105 the injection 1093:1105 Sixteen weeks following the injection, the ratio of remaining composite filler weight to initial weight (75.5 ± 16.9%; 10:1) was shown to be greater than that of the commercial fillers (43.2 ± 8.1%, Restylane; 12.3 ± 5.3%, TheraFill). 25502824 7 34 dep weeks 1077:1081 arg1 following 1083:1091 following 1083:1091 following 1083:1091 Sixteen weeks following the injection, the ratio of remaining composite filler weight to initial weight (75.5 ± 16.9%; 10:1) was shown to be greater than that of the commercial fillers (43.2 ± 8.1%, Restylane; 12.3 ± 5.3%, TheraFill). 25502824 9 35 theme superior 1603:1610 arg1 filler 1591:1596 the HA/COL composite filler 1570:1596 the HA/COL composite filler 1570:1596 These results clearly suggest that the HA/COL composite filler is a superior candidate for soft tissue reconstruction. 25502824 9 35 theme superior 1603:1610 arg1 candidate 1612:1620 a superior candidate 1601:1620 a superior candidate for soft tissue reconstruction 1601:1651 These results clearly suggest that the HA/COL composite filler is a superior candidate for soft tissue reconstruction. 25502824 1 36 theme umbilical 252:260 arg1 cord 262:265 the human umbilical cord 242:265 the human umbilical cord 242:265 In this study, we developed a composite filler comprising cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) and human collagen (COL) derived from the human umbilical cord with the aim of improving its biocompatibility and longevity compared with commercially available fillers. 25502824 7 37 theme commercial 1235:1244 arg1 fillers 1246:1252 the commercial fillers 1231:1252 the commercial fillers (43.2 ± 8.1%, Restylane; 12.3 ± 5.3%, TheraFill) 1231:1301 Sixteen weeks following the injection, the ratio of remaining composite filler weight to initial weight (75.5 ± 16.9%; 10:1) was shown to be greater than that of the commercial fillers (43.2 ± 8.1%, Restylane; 12.3 ± 5.3%, TheraFill). 25502824 6 38 theme dermal 1053:1058 arg1 fillers 1060:1066 the commercial dermal fillers 1038:1066 the commercial dermal fillers 1038:1066 The composites showed improved or similar physical properties (complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP, and injection force of 10- 12 N) over the commercial dermal fillers. 25502824 7 39 dep weight 1166:1171 arg1 % 1185:1185 75.5 ± 16.9% 1174:1185 75.5 ± 16.9%; 10:1 1174:1191 Sixteen weeks following the injection, the ratio of remaining composite filler weight to initial weight (75.5 ± 16.9%; 10:1) was shown to be greater than that of the commercial fillers (43.2 ± 8.1%, Restylane; 12.3 ± 5.3%, TheraFill). 25502824 5 40 theme injected 789:796 arg1 weight 802:807 injected gel weight 789:807 injected gel weight 789:807 The variations of injected gel weight were measured and compared with the commercial dermal fillers (Restylane and TheraFill). 25502824 0 41 theme dermal 12:17 arg1 filler 19:24 A composite dermal filler 0:24 A composite dermal filler 0:24 A composite dermal filler comprising cross-linked hyaluronic acid and human collagen for tissue reconstruction. 25502824 6 42 theme improved 920:927 arg1 force 1014:1018 injection force 1004:1018 injection force of 10- 12 N 1004:1030 The composites showed improved or similar physical properties (complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP, and injection force of 10- 12 N) over the commercial dermal fillers. 25502824 6 42 theme improved 920:927 arg1 properties 949:958 improved or similar physical properties 920:958 properties 949:958 The composites showed improved or similar physical properties (complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP, and injection force of 10- 12 N) over the commercial dermal fillers. 25502824 6 42 theme improved 920:927 arg1 cP 996:997 complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP 961:997 complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP 961:997 The composites showed improved or similar physical properties (complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP, and injection force of 10- 12 N) over the commercial dermal fillers. 25502824 10 43 theme suitable 1687:1694 arg1 filler 1658:1663 The filler we developed 1654:1676 The filler we developed 1654:1676 The filler we developed may be a suitable candidate as an injectable dermal filler for tissue augmentation in humans. 25502824 10 43 theme suitable 1687:1694 arg1 candidate 1696:1704 a suitable candidate 1685:1704 a suitable candidate as an injectable dermal filler for tissue augmentation in humans 1685:1769 The filler we developed may be a suitable candidate as an injectable dermal filler for tissue augmentation in humans. 25502824 3 44 theme interior 515:522 arg1 morphologies 524:535 The interior morphologies 511:535 The interior morphologies 511:535 The interior morphologies and in vivo weight change of these hydrogels were also characterized at 1-16 weeks after injection into mice. 25502824 5 45 theme gel 798:800 arg1 weight 802:807 injected gel weight 789:807 injected gel weight 789:807 The variations of injected gel weight were measured and compared with the commercial dermal fillers (Restylane and TheraFill). 25502824 0 46 theme cross-linked 37:48 arg1 acid 61:64 cross-linked hyaluronic acid 37:64 cross-linked hyaluronic acid 37:64 A composite dermal filler comprising cross-linked hyaluronic acid and human collagen for tissue reconstruction. 25502824 7 47 dep % 1185:1185 arg1 10:1 1188:1191 10:1 1188:1191 75.5 ± 16.9%; 10:1 1174:1191 Sixteen weeks following the injection, the ratio of remaining composite filler weight to initial weight (75.5 ± 16.9%; 10:1) was shown to be greater than that of the commercial fillers (43.2 ± 8.1%, Restylane; 12.3 ± 5.3%, TheraFill). 25502824 5 48 theme weight 802:807 arg1 variations 775:784 The variations 771:784 The variations of injected gel weight 771:807 The variations of injected gel weight were measured and compared with the commercial dermal fillers (Restylane and TheraFill). 25502824 3 49 theme weight 549:554 arg1 change 556:561 in vivo weight change 541:561 in vivo weight change 541:561 The interior morphologies and in vivo weight change of these hydrogels were also characterized at 1-16 weeks after injection into mice. 25502824 2 50 theme composite 388:396 arg1 fillers 398:404 HA/ COL composite fillers 380:404 HA/ COL composite fillers 380:404 After HA/ COL composite fillers were made in two different ratios (10:1 and 5:1), the physical properties of the fillers were evaluated. 25502824 3 51 dep in 541:542 arg1 vivo 544:547 vivo 544:547 vivo 544:547 The interior morphologies and in vivo weight change of these hydrogels were also characterized at 1-16 weeks after injection into mice. 25502824 2 52 theme fillers 487:493 arg1 properties 469:478 the physical properties 456:478 the physical properties of the fillers 456:493 After HA/ COL composite fillers were made in two different ratios (10:1 and 5:1), the physical properties of the fillers were evaluated. 25502824 6 53 dep force 1014:1018 arg1 N 1030:1030 12 N 1027:1030 injection force of 10- 12 N 1004:1030 The composites showed improved or similar physical properties (complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP, and injection force of 10- 12 N) over the commercial dermal fillers. 25502824 2 54 theme COL 384:386 arg1 fillers 398:404 HA/ COL composite fillers 380:404 HA/ COL composite fillers 380:404 After HA/ COL composite fillers were made in two different ratios (10:1 and 5:1), the physical properties of the fillers were evaluated. 25502824 9 55 theme composite 1581:1589 arg1 filler 1591:1596 the HA/COL composite filler 1570:1596 the HA/COL composite filler 1570:1596 These results clearly suggest that the HA/COL composite filler is a superior candidate for soft tissue reconstruction. 25502824 9 55 theme composite 1581:1589 arg1 candidate 1612:1620 a superior candidate 1601:1620 a superior candidate for soft tissue reconstruction 1601:1651 These results clearly suggest that the HA/COL composite filler is a superior candidate for soft tissue reconstruction. 25502824 3 56 theme in 541:542 arg1 change 556:561 in vivo weight change 541:561 in vivo weight change 541:561 The interior morphologies and in vivo weight change of these hydrogels were also characterized at 1-16 weeks after injection into mice. 25502824 7 57 theme ± 1179:1179 arg1 % 1185:1185 75.5 ± 16.9% 1174:1185 75.5 ± 16.9%; 10:1 1174:1191 Sixteen weeks following the injection, the ratio of remaining composite filler weight to initial weight (75.5 ± 16.9%; 10:1) was shown to be greater than that of the commercial fillers (43.2 ± 8.1%, Restylane; 12.3 ± 5.3%, TheraFill). 25502824 0 58 theme hyaluronic 50:59 arg1 acid 61:64 cross-linked hyaluronic acid 37:64 cross-linked hyaluronic acid 37:64 A composite dermal filler comprising cross-linked hyaluronic acid and human collagen for tissue reconstruction. 25502824 8 59 theme blood 1428:1432 arg1 vessels 1434:1440 newly formed blood vessels 1415:1440 newly formed blood vessels 1415:1440 In addition, immunohistochemical analysis with angiogenesis-related markers such as isolectin and vWF revealed newly formed blood vessels and cellular influx into the composite filler, which were not observed in the other fillers. 25502824 7 60 theme composite 1131:1139 arg1 weight 1148:1153 remaining composite filler weight 1121:1153 remaining composite filler weight 1121:1153 Sixteen weeks following the injection, the ratio of remaining composite filler weight to initial weight (75.5 ± 16.9%; 10:1) was shown to be greater than that of the commercial fillers (43.2 ± 8.1%, Restylane; 12.3 ± 5.3%, TheraFill). 25502824 8 61 located observed 1504:1511 arg2 filler 1481:1486 the composite filler 1467:1486 the composite filler 1467:1486 In addition, immunohistochemical analysis with angiogenesis-related markers such as isolectin and vWF revealed newly formed blood vessels and cellular influx into the composite filler, which were not observed in the other fillers. 25502824 8 61 located observed 1504:1511 arg1 fillers 1526:1532 the other fillers 1516:1532 the other fillers 1516:1532 In addition, immunohistochemical analysis with angiogenesis-related markers such as isolectin and vWF revealed newly formed blood vessels and cellular influx into the composite filler, which were not observed in the other fillers. 25502824 7 62 theme ± 1260:1260 arg1 Restylane 1268:1276 Restylane 1268:1276 Restylane 1268:1276 Sixteen weeks following the injection, the ratio of remaining composite filler weight to initial weight (75.5 ± 16.9%; 10:1) was shown to be greater than that of the commercial fillers (43.2 ± 8.1%, Restylane; 12.3 ± 5.3%, TheraFill). 25502824 7 62 theme ± 1260:1260 arg1 % 1265:1265 43.2 ± 8.1% 1255:1265 43.2 ± 8.1% 1255:1265 Sixteen weeks following the injection, the ratio of remaining composite filler weight to initial weight (75.5 ± 16.9%; 10:1) was shown to be greater than that of the commercial fillers (43.2 ± 8.1%, Restylane; 12.3 ± 5.3%, TheraFill). 25502824 7 62 theme ± 1260:1260 arg1 TheraFill 1292:1300 TheraFill 1292:1300 TheraFill 1292:1300 Sixteen weeks following the injection, the ratio of remaining composite filler weight to initial weight (75.5 ± 16.9%; 10:1) was shown to be greater than that of the commercial fillers (43.2 ± 8.1%, Restylane; 12.3 ± 5.3%, TheraFill). 25502824 10 63 theme dermal 1723:1728 arg1 filler 1730:1735 an injectable dermal filler 1709:1735 an injectable dermal filler for tissue augmentation in humans 1709:1769 The filler we developed may be a suitable candidate as an injectable dermal filler for tissue augmentation in humans. 25502824 8 64 theme formed 1421:1426 arg1 vessels 1434:1440 newly formed blood vessels 1415:1440 newly formed blood vessels 1415:1440 In addition, immunohistochemical analysis with angiogenesis-related markers such as isolectin and vWF revealed newly formed blood vessels and cellular influx into the composite filler, which were not observed in the other fillers. 25502824 9 65 theme HA/COL 1574:1579 arg1 filler 1591:1596 the HA/COL composite filler 1570:1596 the HA/COL composite filler 1570:1596 These results clearly suggest that the HA/COL composite filler is a superior candidate for soft tissue reconstruction. 25502824 9 65 theme HA/COL 1574:1579 arg1 candidate 1612:1620 a superior candidate 1601:1620 a superior candidate for soft tissue reconstruction 1601:1651 These results clearly suggest that the HA/COL composite filler is a superior candidate for soft tissue reconstruction. 25502824 3 66 theme hydrogels 572:580 arg1 change 556:561 in vivo weight change 541:561 in vivo weight change 541:561 The interior morphologies and in vivo weight change of these hydrogels were also characterized at 1-16 weeks after injection into mice. 25502824 3 66 theme hydrogels 572:580 arg1 morphologies 524:535 The interior morphologies 511:535 The interior morphologies 511:535 The interior morphologies and in vivo weight change of these hydrogels were also characterized at 1-16 weeks after injection into mice. 25502824 1 67 attach derived 229:235 arg1 cord 262:265 the human umbilical cord 242:265 the human umbilical cord 242:265 In this study, we developed a composite filler comprising cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) and human collagen (COL) derived from the human umbilical cord with the aim of improving its biocompatibility and longevity compared with commercially available fillers. 25502824 1 67 attach derived 229:235 arg2 HA 200:201 HA 200:201 HA 200:201 In this study, we developed a composite filler comprising cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) and human collagen (COL) derived from the human umbilical cord with the aim of improving its biocompatibility and longevity compared with commercially available fillers. 25502824 1 67 attach derived 229:235 arg2 acid 194:197 cross-linked hyaluronic acid 170:197 cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) 170:202 In this study, we developed a composite filler comprising cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) and human collagen (COL) derived from the human umbilical cord with the aim of improving its biocompatibility and longevity compared with commercially available fillers. 25502824 1 68 theme human 208:212 arg1 COL 224:226 COL 224:226 COL 224:226 In this study, we developed a composite filler comprising cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) and human collagen (COL) derived from the human umbilical cord with the aim of improving its biocompatibility and longevity compared with commercially available fillers. 25502824 1 68 theme human 208:212 arg1 collagen 214:221 human collagen 208:221 human collagen (COL) 208:227 In this study, we developed a composite filler comprising cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) and human collagen (COL) derived from the human umbilical cord with the aim of improving its biocompatibility and longevity compared with commercially available fillers. 25502824 8 69 with analysis 1337:1344 arg1 vWF 1402:1404 vWF 1402:1404 vWF 1402:1404 In addition, immunohistochemical analysis with angiogenesis-related markers such as isolectin and vWF revealed newly formed blood vessels and cellular influx into the composite filler, which were not observed in the other fillers. 25502824 8 69 with analysis 1337:1344 arg1 markers 1372:1378 angiogenesis-related markers 1351:1378 angiogenesis-related markers such as isolectin and vWF 1351:1404 In addition, immunohistochemical analysis with angiogenesis-related markers such as isolectin and vWF revealed newly formed blood vessels and cellular influx into the composite filler, which were not observed in the other fillers. 25502824 8 69 with analysis 1337:1344 arg1 isolectin 1388:1396 isolectin 1388:1396 isolectin 1388:1396 In addition, immunohistochemical analysis with angiogenesis-related markers such as isolectin and vWF revealed newly formed blood vessels and cellular influx into the composite filler, which were not observed in the other fillers. 25502824 5 70 theme commercial 845:854 arg1 Restylane 872:880 Restylane 872:880 Restylane 872:880 The variations of injected gel weight were measured and compared with the commercial dermal fillers (Restylane and TheraFill). 25502824 5 70 theme commercial 845:854 arg1 fillers 863:869 the commercial dermal fillers 841:869 the commercial dermal fillers (Restylane and TheraFill) 841:895 The variations of injected gel weight were measured and compared with the commercial dermal fillers (Restylane and TheraFill). 25502824 5 70 theme commercial 845:854 arg1 TheraFill 886:894 TheraFill 886:894 TheraFill 886:894 The variations of injected gel weight were measured and compared with the commercial dermal fillers (Restylane and TheraFill). 25502824 9 71 theme soft 1626:1629 arg1 reconstruction 1638:1651 soft tissue reconstruction 1626:1651 soft tissue reconstruction 1626:1651 These results clearly suggest that the HA/COL composite filler is a superior candidate for soft tissue reconstruction. 25502824 4 72 theme nude 745:748 arg1 mice 750:753 nude mice 745:753 nude mice 745:753 To evaluate their biocompatibility and durability in vivo, we injected the composite fillers into nude mice subcutaneously. 25502824 0 73 theme human 70:74 arg1 collagen 76:83 human collagen 70:83 human collagen 70:83 A composite dermal filler comprising cross-linked hyaluronic acid and human collagen for tissue reconstruction. 25502824 6 74 theme 10- 1023:1025 arg1 force 1014:1018 injection force 1004:1018 injection force of 10- 12 N 1004:1030 The composites showed improved or similar physical properties (complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP, and injection force of 10- 12 N) over the commercial dermal fillers. 25502824 6 74 theme 10- 1023:1025 arg1 properties 949:958 improved or similar physical properties 920:958 properties 949:958 The composites showed improved or similar physical properties (complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP, and injection force of 10- 12 N) over the commercial dermal fillers. 25502824 6 74 theme 10- 1023:1025 arg1 cP 996:997 complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP 961:997 complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP 961:997 The composites showed improved or similar physical properties (complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP, and injection force of 10- 12 N) over the commercial dermal fillers. 25502824 7 75 theme initial 1158:1164 arg1 weight 1166:1171 initial weight 1158:1171 initial weight (75.5 ± 16.9%; 10:1) 1158:1192 Sixteen weeks following the injection, the ratio of remaining composite filler weight to initial weight (75.5 ± 16.9%; 10:1) was shown to be greater than that of the commercial fillers (43.2 ± 8.1%, Restylane; 12.3 ± 5.3%, TheraFill). 25502824 6 76 theme of 979:980 arg1 properties 949:958 improved or similar physical properties 920:958 properties 949:958 The composites showed improved or similar physical properties (complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP, and injection force of 10- 12 N) over the commercial dermal fillers. 25502824 6 76 theme of 979:980 arg1 cP 996:997 complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP 961:997 complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP 961:997 The composites showed improved or similar physical properties (complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP, and injection force of 10- 12 N) over the commercial dermal fillers. 25502824 7 77 theme filler 1141:1146 arg1 weight 1148:1153 remaining composite filler weight 1121:1153 remaining composite filler weight 1121:1153 Sixteen weeks following the injection, the ratio of remaining composite filler weight to initial weight (75.5 ± 16.9%; 10:1) was shown to be greater than that of the commercial fillers (43.2 ± 8.1%, Restylane; 12.3 ± 5.3%, TheraFill). 25502824 6 78 dep properties 949:958 arg1 force 1014:1018 injection force 1004:1018 injection force of 10- 12 N 1004:1030 The composites showed improved or similar physical properties (complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP, and injection force of 10- 12 N) over the commercial dermal fillers. 25502824 6 78 dep properties 949:958 arg1 properties 949:958 improved or similar physical properties 920:958 properties 949:958 The composites showed improved or similar physical properties (complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP, and injection force of 10- 12 N) over the commercial dermal fillers. 25502824 6 78 dep properties 949:958 arg1 cP 996:997 complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP 961:997 complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP 961:997 The composites showed improved or similar physical properties (complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP, and injection force of 10- 12 N) over the commercial dermal fillers. 25502824 8 79 theme cellular 1446:1453 arg1 influx 1455:1460 cellular influx 1446:1460 cellular influx into the composite filler, which were not observed in the other fillers 1446:1532 In addition, immunohistochemical analysis with angiogenesis-related markers such as isolectin and vWF revealed newly formed blood vessels and cellular influx into the composite filler, which were not observed in the other fillers. 25502824 0 80 theme composite 2:10 arg1 filler 19:24 A composite dermal filler 0:24 A composite dermal filler 0:24 A composite dermal filler comprising cross-linked hyaluronic acid and human collagen for tissue reconstruction. 25502824 7 81 theme weight 1148:1153 arg1 greater 1210:1216 greater 1210:1216 greater 1210:1216 Sixteen weeks following the injection, the ratio of remaining composite filler weight to initial weight (75.5 ± 16.9%; 10:1) was shown to be greater than that of the commercial fillers (43.2 ± 8.1%, Restylane; 12.3 ± 5.3%, TheraFill). 25502824 7 81 theme weight 1148:1153 arg1 ratio 1112:1116 the ratio 1108:1116 the ratio of remaining composite filler weight to initial weight (75.5 ± 16.9%; 10:1) 1108:1192 Sixteen weeks following the injection, the ratio of remaining composite filler weight to initial weight (75.5 ± 16.9%; 10:1) was shown to be greater than that of the commercial fillers (43.2 ± 8.1%, Restylane; 12.3 ± 5.3%, TheraFill). 25502824 6 82 theme viscosity 969:977 arg1 properties 949:958 improved or similar physical properties 920:958 properties 949:958 The composites showed improved or similar physical properties (complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP, and injection force of 10- 12 N) over the commercial dermal fillers. 25502824 6 82 theme viscosity 969:977 arg1 cP 996:997 complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP 961:997 complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP 961:997 The composites showed improved or similar physical properties (complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10(5) cP, and injection force of 10- 12 N) over the commercial dermal fillers. 28069126 0 0 theme Smallanthus 79:89 arg1 roots 105:109 yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) roots 72:109 yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) roots 72:109 Characterization of a water soluble, hyperbranched arabinogalactan from yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) roots. 28069126 9 1 theme hydrodynamic 1066:1077 arg1 1-2·105g/mol 1050:1061 1-2·105g/mol 1050:1061 approximately 1-2·105g/mol 1036:1061 The results show that the dominating population consists of a highly branched arabinogalactan (type 2) with a molar mass of approximately 1-2·105g/mol, a hydrodynamic radius of approximately 6-10nm and a relatively high apparent density (approx. 28069126 9 1 theme hydrodynamic 1066:1077 arg1 radius 1079:1084 a hydrodynamic radius 1064:1084 a hydrodynamic radius of approximately 6-10nm 1064:1108 The results show that the dominating population consists of a highly branched arabinogalactan (type 2) with a molar mass of approximately 1-2·105g/mol, a hydrodynamic radius of approximately 6-10nm and a relatively high apparent density (approx. 28069126 5 2 theme refractive 562:571 arg1 index 573:577 differential refractive index 549:577 differential refractive index (dRI) 549:583 The macromolecular properties of an aqueous extract of yacon are investigated using asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) coupled to UV, multiangle light scattering (MALS) and differential refractive index (dRI) detection. 28069126 5 2 theme refractive 562:571 arg1 dRI 580:582 dRI 580:582 dRI 580:582 The macromolecular properties of an aqueous extract of yacon are investigated using asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) coupled to UV, multiangle light scattering (MALS) and differential refractive index (dRI) detection. 28069126 5 3 theme aqueous 400:406 arg1 extract 408:414 an aqueous extract 397:414 an aqueous extract of yacon 397:423 The macromolecular properties of an aqueous extract of yacon are investigated using asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) coupled to UV, multiangle light scattering (MALS) and differential refractive index (dRI) detection. 28069126 7 4 theme major 689:693 arg1 populations 695:705 Three major populations 683:705 Three major populations 683:705 Three major populations were found of which one strongly dominates in concentration. 28069126 0 5 from Characterization 0:15 arg1 roots 105:109 yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) roots 72:109 yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) roots 72:109 Characterization of a water soluble, hyperbranched arabinogalactan from yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) roots. 28069126 5 6 theme extract 408:414 arg1 properties 383:392 The macromolecular properties 364:392 The macromolecular properties of an aqueous extract of yacon 364:423 The macromolecular properties of an aqueous extract of yacon are investigated using asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) coupled to UV, multiangle light scattering (MALS) and differential refractive index (dRI) detection. 28069126 0 7 theme sonchifolius 91:102 arg1 roots 105:109 yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) roots 72:109 yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) roots 72:109 Characterization of a water soluble, hyperbranched arabinogalactan from yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) roots. 28069126 9 8 theme 6-10nm 1103:1108 arg1 1-2·105g/mol 1050:1061 1-2·105g/mol 1050:1061 approximately 1-2·105g/mol 1036:1061 The results show that the dominating population consists of a highly branched arabinogalactan (type 2) with a molar mass of approximately 1-2·105g/mol, a hydrodynamic radius of approximately 6-10nm and a relatively high apparent density (approx. 28069126 9 8 theme 6-10nm 1103:1108 arg1 radius 1079:1084 a hydrodynamic radius 1064:1084 a hydrodynamic radius of approximately 6-10nm 1064:1108 The results show that the dominating population consists of a highly branched arabinogalactan (type 2) with a molar mass of approximately 1-2·105g/mol, a hydrodynamic radius of approximately 6-10nm and a relatively high apparent density (approx. 28069126 6 9 theme molar 635:639 arg1 mass 641:644 molar mass 635:644 molar mass 635:644 The method allows for determination of molar mass and size over the size distribution. 28069126 6 10 theme size 664:667 arg1 distribution 669:680 the size distribution 660:680 the size distribution 660:680 The method allows for determination of molar mass and size over the size distribution. 28069126 8 11 theme linkage 850:856 arg1 analysis 858:865 glycosidic linkage analysis 839:865 glycosidic linkage analysis 839:865 Through collection of fractions from AF4, carbohydrate composition and glycosidic linkage analysis for the dominating population was performed. 28069126 8 12 theme glycosidic 839:848 arg1 analysis 858:865 glycosidic linkage analysis 839:865 glycosidic linkage analysis 839:865 Through collection of fractions from AF4, carbohydrate composition and glycosidic linkage analysis for the dominating population was performed. 28069126 8 13 from collection 776:785 arg1 AF4 805:807 AF4 805:807 AF4 805:807 Through collection of fractions from AF4, carbohydrate composition and glycosidic linkage analysis for the dominating population was performed. 28069126 9 14 theme 1-2·105g/mol 1050:1061 arg1 density 1141:1147 a relatively high apparent density 1114:1147 a relatively high apparent density (approx 1114:1155 The results show that the dominating population consists of a highly branched arabinogalactan (type 2) with a molar mass of approximately 1-2·105g/mol, a hydrodynamic radius of approximately 6-10nm and a relatively high apparent density (approx. 28069126 9 14 theme 1-2·105g/mol 1050:1061 arg1 mass 1028:1031 a molar mass 1020:1031 a molar mass of approximately 1-2·105g/mol, a hydrodynamic radius of approximately 6-10nm 1020:1108 The results show that the dominating population consists of a highly branched arabinogalactan (type 2) with a molar mass of approximately 1-2·105g/mol, a hydrodynamic radius of approximately 6-10nm and a relatively high apparent density (approx. 28069126 9 15 theme dominating 938:947 arg1 population 949:958 the dominating population 934:958 the dominating population 934:958 The results show that the dominating population consists of a highly branched arabinogalactan (type 2) with a molar mass of approximately 1-2·105g/mol, a hydrodynamic radius of approximately 6-10nm and a relatively high apparent density (approx. 28069126 3 16 theme recent 223:228 arg1 interest 230:237 recent interest 223:237 recent interest 223:237 roots are largely grown in Andean countries and have attracted recent interest due to their antioxidant and prebiotic effects. 28069126 3 17 theme Andean 187:192 arg1 countries 194:202 Andean countries 187:202 Andean countries 187:202 roots are largely grown in Andean countries and have attracted recent interest due to their antioxidant and prebiotic effects. 28069126 6 18 theme size 650:653 arg1 determination 618:630 determination 618:630 determination of molar mass and size 618:653 The method allows for determination of molar mass and size over the size distribution. 28069126 5 19 dep UV 506:507 arg1 detection 585:593 detection 585:593 detection 585:593 The macromolecular properties of an aqueous extract of yacon are investigated using asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) coupled to UV, multiangle light scattering (MALS) and differential refractive index (dRI) detection. 28069126 5 20 theme differential 549:560 arg1 index 573:577 differential refractive index 549:577 differential refractive index (dRI) 549:583 The macromolecular properties of an aqueous extract of yacon are investigated using asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) coupled to UV, multiangle light scattering (MALS) and differential refractive index (dRI) detection. 28069126 5 20 theme differential 549:560 arg1 dRI 580:582 dRI 580:582 dRI 580:582 The macromolecular properties of an aqueous extract of yacon are investigated using asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) coupled to UV, multiangle light scattering (MALS) and differential refractive index (dRI) detection. 28069126 5 21 theme asymmetric 448:457 arg1 AF4 490:492 AF4 490:492 AF4 490:492 The macromolecular properties of an aqueous extract of yacon are investigated using asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) coupled to UV, multiangle light scattering (MALS) and differential refractive index (dRI) detection. 28069126 5 21 theme asymmetric 448:457 arg1 fractionation 475:487 asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation 448:487 asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) coupled to UV, multiangle light scattering (MALS) and differential refractive index (dRI) detection 448:593 The macromolecular properties of an aqueous extract of yacon are investigated using asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) coupled to UV, multiangle light scattering (MALS) and differential refractive index (dRI) detection. 28069126 3 22 theme prebiotic 268:276 arg1 effects 278:284 their antioxidant and prebiotic effects 246:284 their antioxidant and prebiotic effects 246:284 roots are largely grown in Andean countries and have attracted recent interest due to their antioxidant and prebiotic effects. 28069126 8 23 theme dominating 875:884 arg1 population 886:895 the dominating population 871:895 the dominating population 871:895 Through collection of fractions from AF4, carbohydrate composition and glycosidic linkage analysis for the dominating population was performed. 28069126 5 24 theme flow 459:462 arg1 AF4 490:492 AF4 490:492 AF4 490:492 The macromolecular properties of an aqueous extract of yacon are investigated using asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) coupled to UV, multiangle light scattering (MALS) and differential refractive index (dRI) detection. 28069126 5 24 theme flow 459:462 arg1 fractionation 475:487 asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation 448:487 asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) coupled to UV, multiangle light scattering (MALS) and differential refractive index (dRI) detection 448:593 The macromolecular properties of an aqueous extract of yacon are investigated using asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) coupled to UV, multiangle light scattering (MALS) and differential refractive index (dRI) detection. 28069126 9 25 theme molar 1022:1026 arg1 mass 1028:1031 a molar mass 1020:1031 a molar mass of approximately 1-2·105g/mol, a hydrodynamic radius of approximately 6-10nm 1020:1108 The results show that the dominating population consists of a highly branched arabinogalactan (type 2) with a molar mass of approximately 1-2·105g/mol, a hydrodynamic radius of approximately 6-10nm and a relatively high apparent density (approx. 28069126 5 26 theme field-flow 464:473 arg1 AF4 490:492 AF4 490:492 AF4 490:492 The macromolecular properties of an aqueous extract of yacon are investigated using asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) coupled to UV, multiangle light scattering (MALS) and differential refractive index (dRI) detection. 28069126 5 26 theme field-flow 464:473 arg1 fractionation 475:487 asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation 448:487 asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) coupled to UV, multiangle light scattering (MALS) and differential refractive index (dRI) detection 448:593 The macromolecular properties of an aqueous extract of yacon are investigated using asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) coupled to UV, multiangle light scattering (MALS) and differential refractive index (dRI) detection. 28069126 0 27 theme soluble 28:34 arg1 arabinogalactan 51:65 a water soluble, hyperbranched arabinogalactan 20:65 a water soluble, hyperbranched arabinogalactan from yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) roots 20:109 Characterization of a water soluble, hyperbranched arabinogalactan from yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) roots. 28069126 3 28 theme antioxidant 252:262 arg1 effects 278:284 their antioxidant and prebiotic effects 246:284 their antioxidant and prebiotic effects 246:284 roots are largely grown in Andean countries and have attracted recent interest due to their antioxidant and prebiotic effects. 28069126 5 29 theme multiangle 510:519 arg1 MALS 539:542 MALS 539:542 MALS 539:542 The macromolecular properties of an aqueous extract of yacon are investigated using asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) coupled to UV, multiangle light scattering (MALS) and differential refractive index (dRI) detection. 28069126 5 29 theme multiangle 510:519 arg1 scattering 527:536 multiangle light scattering 510:536 multiangle light scattering (MALS) 510:543 The macromolecular properties of an aqueous extract of yacon are investigated using asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) coupled to UV, multiangle light scattering (MALS) and differential refractive index (dRI) detection. 28069126 0 30 theme arabinogalactan 51:65 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of a water soluble, hyperbranched arabinogalactan from yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) roots. 0:110 Characterization of a water soluble, hyperbranched arabinogalactan from yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) roots. 28069126 9 31 with arabinogalactan 990:1004 arg1 density 1141:1147 a relatively high apparent density 1114:1147 a relatively high apparent density (approx 1114:1155 The results show that the dominating population consists of a highly branched arabinogalactan (type 2) with a molar mass of approximately 1-2·105g/mol, a hydrodynamic radius of approximately 6-10nm and a relatively high apparent density (approx. 28069126 9 31 with arabinogalactan 990:1004 arg1 mass 1028:1031 a molar mass 1020:1031 a molar mass of approximately 1-2·105g/mol, a hydrodynamic radius of approximately 6-10nm 1020:1108 The results show that the dominating population consists of a highly branched arabinogalactan (type 2) with a molar mass of approximately 1-2·105g/mol, a hydrodynamic radius of approximately 6-10nm and a relatively high apparent density (approx. 28069126 5 32 theme light 521:525 arg1 MALS 539:542 MALS 539:542 MALS 539:542 The macromolecular properties of an aqueous extract of yacon are investigated using asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) coupled to UV, multiangle light scattering (MALS) and differential refractive index (dRI) detection. 28069126 5 32 theme light 521:525 arg1 scattering 527:536 multiangle light scattering 510:536 multiangle light scattering (MALS) 510:543 The macromolecular properties of an aqueous extract of yacon are investigated using asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) coupled to UV, multiangle light scattering (MALS) and differential refractive index (dRI) detection. 28069126 0 33 dep soluble 28:34 arg1 hyperbranched 37:49 hyperbranched 37:49 hyperbranched 37:49 Characterization of a water soluble, hyperbranched arabinogalactan from yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) roots. 28069126 0 34 from roots 105:109 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of a water soluble, hyperbranched arabinogalactan from yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) roots. 0:110 Characterization of a water soluble, hyperbranched arabinogalactan from yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) roots. 28069126 0 34 from roots 105:109 arg1 arabinogalactan 51:65 a water soluble, hyperbranched arabinogalactan 20:65 a water soluble, hyperbranched arabinogalactan from yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) roots 20:109 Characterization of a water soluble, hyperbranched arabinogalactan from yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) roots. 28069126 5 35 theme yacon 419:423 arg1 extract 408:414 an aqueous extract 397:414 an aqueous extract of yacon 397:423 The macromolecular properties of an aqueous extract of yacon are investigated using asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) coupled to UV, multiangle light scattering (MALS) and differential refractive index (dRI) detection. 28069126 4 36 theme due 326:328 arg1 Yacon 287:291 Yacon 287:291 Yacon 287:291 Yacon is typically consumed as a fruit due to its sweet taste and juiciness. 28069126 4 36 theme due 326:328 arg1 fruit 320:324 a fruit 318:324 a fruit due to its sweet taste and juiciness 318:361 Yacon is typically consumed as a fruit due to its sweet taste and juiciness. 28069126 6 37 theme mass 641:644 arg1 determination 618:630 determination 618:630 determination of molar mass and size 618:653 The method allows for determination of molar mass and size over the size distribution. 28069126 0 38 theme yacon 72:76 arg1 roots 105:109 yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) roots 72:109 yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) roots 72:109 Characterization of a water soluble, hyperbranched arabinogalactan from yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) roots. 28069126 8 39 theme carbohydrate 810:821 arg1 composition 823:833 carbohydrate composition 810:833 carbohydrate composition 810:833 Through collection of fractions from AF4, carbohydrate composition and glycosidic linkage analysis for the dominating population was performed. 28069126 9 40 theme high 1127:1130 arg1 density 1141:1147 a relatively high apparent density 1114:1147 a relatively high apparent density (approx 1114:1155 The results show that the dominating population consists of a highly branched arabinogalactan (type 2) with a molar mass of approximately 1-2·105g/mol, a hydrodynamic radius of approximately 6-10nm and a relatively high apparent density (approx. 28069126 8 41 theme fractions 790:798 arg1 collection 776:785 collection 776:785 collection of fractions from AF4 776:807 Through collection of fractions from AF4, carbohydrate composition and glycosidic linkage analysis for the dominating population was performed. 28069126 5 42 theme macromolecular 368:381 arg1 properties 383:392 The macromolecular properties 364:392 The macromolecular properties of an aqueous extract of yacon 364:423 The macromolecular properties of an aqueous extract of yacon are investigated using asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) coupled to UV, multiangle light scattering (MALS) and differential refractive index (dRI) detection. 28069126 9 43 theme branched 981:988 arg1 type 1007:1010 type 2 1007:1012 type 2 1007:1012 The results show that the dominating population consists of a highly branched arabinogalactan (type 2) with a molar mass of approximately 1-2·105g/mol, a hydrodynamic radius of approximately 6-10nm and a relatively high apparent density (approx. 28069126 9 43 theme branched 981:988 arg1 arabinogalactan 990:1004 a highly branched arabinogalactan 972:1004 a highly branched arabinogalactan (type 2) with a molar mass of approximately 1-2·105g/mol, a hydrodynamic radius of approximately 6-10nm and a relatively high apparent density (approx 972:1155 The results show that the dominating population consists of a highly branched arabinogalactan (type 2) with a molar mass of approximately 1-2·105g/mol, a hydrodynamic radius of approximately 6-10nm and a relatively high apparent density (approx. 28069126 8 44 from AF4 805:807 arg1 fractions 790:798 fractions 790:798 fractions from AF4 790:807 Through collection of fractions from AF4, carbohydrate composition and glycosidic linkage analysis for the dominating population was performed. 28069126 8 44 from AF4 805:807 arg1 collection 776:785 collection 776:785 collection of fractions from AF4 776:807 Through collection of fractions from AF4, carbohydrate composition and glycosidic linkage analysis for the dominating population was performed. 28069126 9 45 theme apparent 1132:1139 arg1 density 1141:1147 a relatively high apparent density 1114:1147 a relatively high apparent density (approx 1114:1155 The results show that the dominating population consists of a highly branched arabinogalactan (type 2) with a molar mass of approximately 1-2·105g/mol, a hydrodynamic radius of approximately 6-10nm and a relatively high apparent density (approx. 28069126 4 46 theme sweet 337:341 arg1 taste 343:347 its sweet taste 333:347 its sweet taste 333:347 Yacon is typically consumed as a fruit due to its sweet taste and juiciness. 26022546 1 0 theme albumin 277:283 arg1 loading 291:297 bovine serum albumin (BSA) loading 264:297 bovine serum albumin (BSA) loading 264:297 A poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) electrospun/magnetic/chitosan nanocomposite fibrous cross-linked network was fabricated using in situ cross-linking electrospinning technique and used for bovine serum albumin (BSA) loading and release applications. 26022546 8 1 theme network 1085:1091 arg1 size 1047:1050 size 1047:1050 size 1047:1050 The size and morphology of the nanofibers network was controlled by varying the cross-linker type. 26022546 8 1 theme network 1085:1091 arg1 morphology 1056:1065 morphology 1056:1065 morphology 1056:1065 The size and morphology of the nanofibers network was controlled by varying the cross-linker type. 26022546 6 2 theme average 878:884 arg1 size 886:889 average size 878:889 average size of 45 nm 878:898 The characterization results suggest that Fe3O4 nanoparticles with average size of 45 nm were successfully bound on the surface of chitosan. 26022546 10 3 theme experimental 1326:1337 arg1 investigation 1339:1351 30-h experimental investigation 1321:1351 30-h experimental investigation 1321:1351 The sample with TPP cross-linker showed an enhancement of the controlled release properties of BSA during 30-h experimental investigation. 26022546 10 4 theme controlled 1277:1286 arg1 properties 1296:1305 the controlled release properties 1273:1305 the controlled release properties of BSA 1273:1312 The sample with TPP cross-linker showed an enhancement of the controlled release properties of BSA during 30-h experimental investigation. 26022546 5 5 theme field 707:711 arg1 microscopy 740:749 field emission scanning electron microscopy 707:749 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) 707:757 Nanofibers were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26022546 5 5 theme field 707:711 arg1 FESEM 752:756 FESEM 752:756 FESEM 752:756 Nanofibers were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26022546 10 6 theme 30-h 1321:1324 arg1 investigation 1339:1351 30-h experimental investigation 1321:1351 30-h experimental investigation 1321:1351 The sample with TPP cross-linker showed an enhancement of the controlled release properties of BSA during 30-h experimental investigation. 26022546 6 7 theme chitosan 942:949 arg1 surface 931:937 the surface 927:937 the surface of chitosan 927:949 The characterization results suggest that Fe3O4 nanoparticles with average size of 45 nm were successfully bound on the surface of chitosan. 26022546 5 8 theme emission 713:720 arg1 microscopy 740:749 field emission scanning electron microscopy 707:749 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) 707:757 Nanofibers were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26022546 5 8 theme emission 713:720 arg1 FESEM 752:756 FESEM 752:756 FESEM 752:756 Nanofibers were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26022546 3 9 dep Fe3O4/CS/TPP/BSA 561:576 arg1 nanoparticles 598:610 nanoparticles 598:610 nanoparticles 598:610 BSA was used as a model protein drugs which was encapsulated to form Fe3O4/CS/TPP/BSA and Fe3O4/CS/GA/BSA nanoparticles. 26022546 6 10 theme Fe3O4 853:857 arg1 nanoparticles 859:871 Fe3O4 nanoparticles 853:871 Fe3O4 nanoparticles with average size of 45 nm 853:898 The characterization results suggest that Fe3O4 nanoparticles with average size of 45 nm were successfully bound on the surface of chitosan. 26022546 9 11 theme FTIR 1142:1145 arg1 data 1147:1150 FTIR data 1142:1150 FTIR data 1142:1150 FTIR data show that these two polymers have intermolecular interactions. 26022546 10 12 theme release 1288:1294 arg1 properties 1296:1305 the controlled release properties 1273:1305 the controlled release properties of BSA 1273:1312 The sample with TPP cross-linker showed an enhancement of the controlled release properties of BSA during 30-h experimental investigation. 26022546 1 13 theme poly 84:87 arg1 network 174:180 A poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) electrospun/magnetic/chitosan nanocomposite fibrous cross-linked network 82:180 A poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) electrospun/magnetic/chitosan nanocomposite fibrous cross-linked network 82:180 A poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) electrospun/magnetic/chitosan nanocomposite fibrous cross-linked network was fabricated using in situ cross-linking electrospinning technique and used for bovine serum albumin (BSA) loading and release applications. 26022546 6 14 with nanoparticles 859:871 arg1 size 886:889 average size 878:889 average size of 45 nm 878:898 The characterization results suggest that Fe3O4 nanoparticles with average size of 45 nm were successfully bound on the surface of chitosan. 26022546 3 15 dep protein 516:522 arg1 drugs 524:528 drugs 524:528 a model protein drugs which was encapsulated to form Fe3O4/CS/TPP/BSA and Fe3O4/CS/GA/BSA nanoparticles 508:610 BSA was used as a model protein drugs which was encapsulated to form Fe3O4/CS/TPP/BSA and Fe3O4/CS/GA/BSA nanoparticles. 26022546 1 16 theme in 203:204 arg1 technique 241:249 in situ cross-linking electrospinning technique 203:249 in situ cross-linking electrospinning technique 203:249 A poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) electrospun/magnetic/chitosan nanocomposite fibrous cross-linked network was fabricated using in situ cross-linking electrospinning technique and used for bovine serum albumin (BSA) loading and release applications. 26022546 1 17 theme loading 291:297 arg1 applications 311:322 bovine serum albumin (BSA) loading and release applications 264:322 bovine serum albumin (BSA) loading and release applications 264:322 A poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) electrospun/magnetic/chitosan nanocomposite fibrous cross-linked network was fabricated using in situ cross-linking electrospinning technique and used for bovine serum albumin (BSA) loading and release applications. 26022546 8 18 theme cross-linker 1123:1134 arg1 type 1136:1139 the cross-linker type 1119:1139 the cross-linker type 1119:1139 The size and morphology of the nanofibers network was controlled by varying the cross-linker type. 26022546 8 19 theme nanofibers 1074:1083 arg1 network 1085:1091 the nanofibers network 1070:1091 the nanofibers network 1070:1091 The size and morphology of the nanofibers network was controlled by varying the cross-linker type. 26022546 0 20 theme Magnetic 32:39 arg1 Chitosan 41:48 Cross-Linked Magnetic Chitosan 19:48 Cross-Linked Magnetic Chitosan 19:48 Electrospinning of Cross-Linked Magnetic Chitosan Nanofibers for Protein Release. 26022546 6 21 theme characterization 815:830 arg1 results 832:838 The characterization results 811:838 The characterization results 811:838 The characterization results suggest that Fe3O4 nanoparticles with average size of 45 nm were successfully bound on the surface of chitosan. 26022546 2 22 theme Sodium 325:330 arg1 cross-linkers 392:404 cross-linkers 392:404 cross-linkers which modified magnetic-Fe3O4 chitosan as Fe3O4/CS/TPP and Fe3O4/CS/GA, respectively 392:489 Sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) and glutaraldehyde (GA) were used as cross-linkers which modified magnetic-Fe3O4 chitosan as Fe3O4/CS/TPP and Fe3O4/CS/GA, respectively. 26022546 2 22 theme Sodium 325:330 arg1 TPP 350:352 TPP 350:352 TPP 350:352 Sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) and glutaraldehyde (GA) were used as cross-linkers which modified magnetic-Fe3O4 chitosan as Fe3O4/CS/TPP and Fe3O4/CS/GA, respectively. 26022546 2 22 theme Sodium 325:330 arg1 glutaraldehyde 359:372 glutaraldehyde 359:372 glutaraldehyde (GA) 359:377 Sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) and glutaraldehyde (GA) were used as cross-linkers which modified magnetic-Fe3O4 chitosan as Fe3O4/CS/TPP and Fe3O4/CS/GA, respectively. 26022546 2 22 theme Sodium 325:330 arg1 tripolyphosphate 332:347 Sodium tripolyphosphate 325:347 Sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) 325:353 Sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) and glutaraldehyde (GA) were used as cross-linkers which modified magnetic-Fe3O4 chitosan as Fe3O4/CS/TPP and Fe3O4/CS/GA, respectively. 26022546 7 23 theme Fe3O4 1022:1026 arg1 nanoparticles 1028:1040 uniformly dispersed Fe3O4 nanoparticles 1002:1040 uniformly dispersed Fe3O4 nanoparticles 1002:1040 The cross-linked nanofibers were found to contain uniformly dispersed Fe3O4 nanoparticles. 26022546 1 24 theme cross-linking 211:223 arg1 technique 241:249 in situ cross-linking electrospinning technique 203:249 in situ cross-linking electrospinning technique 203:249 A poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) electrospun/magnetic/chitosan nanocomposite fibrous cross-linked network was fabricated using in situ cross-linking electrospinning technique and used for bovine serum albumin (BSA) loading and release applications. 26022546 0 25 theme Cross-Linked 19:30 arg1 Chitosan 41:48 Cross-Linked Magnetic Chitosan 19:48 Cross-Linked Magnetic Chitosan 19:48 Electrospinning of Cross-Linked Magnetic Chitosan Nanofibers for Protein Release. 26022546 1 26 theme release 303:309 arg1 applications 311:322 bovine serum albumin (BSA) loading and release applications 264:322 bovine serum albumin (BSA) loading and release applications 264:322 A poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) electrospun/magnetic/chitosan nanocomposite fibrous cross-linked network was fabricated using in situ cross-linking electrospinning technique and used for bovine serum albumin (BSA) loading and release applications. 26022546 7 27 theme dispersed 1012:1020 arg1 nanoparticles 1028:1040 uniformly dispersed Fe3O4 nanoparticles 1002:1040 uniformly dispersed Fe3O4 nanoparticles 1002:1040 The cross-linked nanofibers were found to contain uniformly dispersed Fe3O4 nanoparticles. 26022546 1 28 theme electrospinning 225:239 arg1 technique 241:249 in situ cross-linking electrospinning technique 203:249 in situ cross-linking electrospinning technique 203:249 A poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) electrospun/magnetic/chitosan nanocomposite fibrous cross-linked network was fabricated using in situ cross-linking electrospinning technique and used for bovine serum albumin (BSA) loading and release applications. 26022546 9 29 contain have 1181:1184 arg2 interactions 1201:1212 intermolecular interactions 1186:1212 intermolecular interactions 1186:1212 FTIR data show that these two polymers have intermolecular interactions. 26022546 9 29 contain have 1181:1184 arg1 polymers 1172:1179 these two polymers 1162:1179 these two polymers 1162:1179 FTIR data show that these two polymers have intermolecular interactions. 26022546 1 30 dep in 203:204 arg1 situ 206:209 situ 206:209 situ 206:209 A poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) electrospun/magnetic/chitosan nanocomposite fibrous cross-linked network was fabricated using in situ cross-linking electrospinning technique and used for bovine serum albumin (BSA) loading and release applications. 26022546 2 31 theme magnetic-Fe3O4 421:434 arg1 chitosan 436:443 magnetic-Fe3O4 chitosan 421:443 magnetic-Fe3O4 chitosan 421:443 Sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) and glutaraldehyde (GA) were used as cross-linkers which modified magnetic-Fe3O4 chitosan as Fe3O4/CS/TPP and Fe3O4/CS/GA, respectively. 26022546 0 32 theme Chitosan 41:48 arg1 Electrospinning 0:14 Electrospinning 0:14 Electrospinning of Cross-Linked Magnetic Chitosan 0:48 Electrospinning of Cross-Linked Magnetic Chitosan Nanofibers for Protein Release. 26022546 10 33 theme TPP 1231:1233 arg1 cross-linker 1235:1246 TPP cross-linker 1231:1246 TPP cross-linker 1231:1246 The sample with TPP cross-linker showed an enhancement of the controlled release properties of BSA during 30-h experimental investigation. 26022546 1 34 link cross-linked 161:172 arg1 network 174:180 A poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) electrospun/magnetic/chitosan nanocomposite fibrous cross-linked network 82:180 A poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) electrospun/magnetic/chitosan nanocomposite fibrous cross-linked network 82:180 A poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) electrospun/magnetic/chitosan nanocomposite fibrous cross-linked network was fabricated using in situ cross-linking electrospinning technique and used for bovine serum albumin (BSA) loading and release applications. 26022546 3 35 used used 500:503 arg2 BSA 492:494 BSA 492:494 BSA 492:494 BSA was used as a model protein drugs which was encapsulated to form Fe3O4/CS/TPP/BSA and Fe3O4/CS/GA/BSA nanoparticles. 26022546 3 35 used used 500:503 arg2 protein 516:522 a model protein 508:522 a model protein drugs which was encapsulated to form Fe3O4/CS/TPP/BSA and Fe3O4/CS/GA/BSA nanoparticles 508:610 BSA was used as a model protein drugs which was encapsulated to form Fe3O4/CS/TPP/BSA and Fe3O4/CS/GA/BSA nanoparticles. 26022546 0 36 theme Protein 65:71 arg1 Release 73:79 Protein Release 65:79 Protein Release 65:79 Electrospinning of Cross-Linked Magnetic Chitosan Nanofibers for Protein Release. 26022546 5 37 theme scanning 722:729 arg1 microscopy 740:749 field emission scanning electron microscopy 707:749 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) 707:757 Nanofibers were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26022546 5 37 theme scanning 722:729 arg1 FESEM 752:756 FESEM 752:756 FESEM 752:756 Nanofibers were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26022546 9 38 theme intermolecular 1186:1199 arg1 interactions 1201:1212 intermolecular interactions 1186:1212 intermolecular interactions 1186:1212 FTIR data show that these two polymers have intermolecular interactions. 26022546 5 39 theme electron 731:738 arg1 microscopy 740:749 field emission scanning electron microscopy 707:749 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) 707:757 Nanofibers were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26022546 5 39 theme electron 731:738 arg1 FESEM 752:756 FESEM 752:756 FESEM 752:756 Nanofibers were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26022546 6 40 theme nm 897:898 arg1 size 886:889 average size 878:889 average size of 45 nm 878:898 The characterization results suggest that Fe3O4 nanoparticles with average size of 45 nm were successfully bound on the surface of chitosan. 26022546 3 41 theme model 510:514 arg1 BSA 492:494 BSA 492:494 BSA 492:494 BSA was used as a model protein drugs which was encapsulated to form Fe3O4/CS/TPP/BSA and Fe3O4/CS/GA/BSA nanoparticles. 26022546 3 41 theme model 510:514 arg1 protein 516:522 a model protein 508:522 a model protein drugs which was encapsulated to form Fe3O4/CS/TPP/BSA and Fe3O4/CS/GA/BSA nanoparticles 508:610 BSA was used as a model protein drugs which was encapsulated to form Fe3O4/CS/TPP/BSA and Fe3O4/CS/GA/BSA nanoparticles. 26022546 7 42 theme cross-linked 956:967 arg1 nanofibers 969:978 The cross-linked nanofibers 952:978 The cross-linked nanofibers 952:978 The cross-linked nanofibers were found to contain uniformly dispersed Fe3O4 nanoparticles. 26022546 5 43 dep transform 771:779 arg1 infrared 781:788 infrared 781:788 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 771:808 Nanofibers were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26022546 10 44 with sample 1219:1224 arg1 cross-linker 1235:1246 TPP cross-linker 1231:1246 TPP cross-linker 1231:1246 The sample with TPP cross-linker showed an enhancement of the controlled release properties of BSA during 30-h experimental investigation. 26022546 1 45 theme electrospun/magnetic/chitosan 109:137 arg1 network 174:180 A poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) electrospun/magnetic/chitosan nanocomposite fibrous cross-linked network 82:180 A poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) electrospun/magnetic/chitosan nanocomposite fibrous cross-linked network 82:180 A poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) electrospun/magnetic/chitosan nanocomposite fibrous cross-linked network was fabricated using in situ cross-linking electrospinning technique and used for bovine serum albumin (BSA) loading and release applications. 26022546 10 46 theme BSA 1310:1312 arg1 properties 1296:1305 the controlled release properties 1273:1305 the controlled release properties of BSA 1273:1312 The sample with TPP cross-linker showed an enhancement of the controlled release properties of BSA during 30-h experimental investigation. 26022546 7 47 link cross-linked 956:967 arg1 nanofibers 969:978 The cross-linked nanofibers 952:978 The cross-linked nanofibers 952:978 The cross-linked nanofibers were found to contain uniformly dispersed Fe3O4 nanoparticles. 26022546 2 48 used used 384:387 arg2 TPP 350:352 TPP 350:352 TPP 350:352 Sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) and glutaraldehyde (GA) were used as cross-linkers which modified magnetic-Fe3O4 chitosan as Fe3O4/CS/TPP and Fe3O4/CS/GA, respectively. 26022546 2 48 used used 384:387 arg2 GA 375:376 GA 375:376 GA 375:376 Sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) and glutaraldehyde (GA) were used as cross-linkers which modified magnetic-Fe3O4 chitosan as Fe3O4/CS/TPP and Fe3O4/CS/GA, respectively. 26022546 2 48 used used 384:387 arg2 tripolyphosphate 332:347 Sodium tripolyphosphate 325:347 Sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) 325:353 Sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) and glutaraldehyde (GA) were used as cross-linkers which modified magnetic-Fe3O4 chitosan as Fe3O4/CS/TPP and Fe3O4/CS/GA, respectively. 26022546 2 48 used used 384:387 arg2 glutaraldehyde 359:372 glutaraldehyde 359:372 glutaraldehyde (GA) 359:377 Sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) and glutaraldehyde (GA) were used as cross-linkers which modified magnetic-Fe3O4 chitosan as Fe3O4/CS/TPP and Fe3O4/CS/GA, respectively. 26022546 2 48 used used 384:387 arg2 cross-linkers 392:404 cross-linkers 392:404 cross-linkers which modified magnetic-Fe3O4 chitosan as Fe3O4/CS/TPP and Fe3O4/CS/GA, respectively 392:489 Sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) and glutaraldehyde (GA) were used as cross-linkers which modified magnetic-Fe3O4 chitosan as Fe3O4/CS/TPP and Fe3O4/CS/GA, respectively. 26022546 1 49 theme nanocomposite 139:151 arg1 network 174:180 A poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) electrospun/magnetic/chitosan nanocomposite fibrous cross-linked network 82:180 A poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) electrospun/magnetic/chitosan nanocomposite fibrous cross-linked network 82:180 A poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) electrospun/magnetic/chitosan nanocomposite fibrous cross-linked network was fabricated using in situ cross-linking electrospinning technique and used for bovine serum albumin (BSA) loading and release applications. 26022546 7 50 contain contain 994:1000 arg2 nanoparticles 1028:1040 uniformly dispersed Fe3O4 nanoparticles 1002:1040 uniformly dispersed Fe3O4 nanoparticles 1002:1040 The cross-linked nanofibers were found to contain uniformly dispersed Fe3O4 nanoparticles. 26022546 7 50 contain contain 994:1000 arg1 nanofibers 969:978 The cross-linked nanofibers 952:978 The cross-linked nanofibers 952:978 The cross-linked nanofibers were found to contain uniformly dispersed Fe3O4 nanoparticles. 26022546 1 51 used used 255:258 arg2 network 174:180 A poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) electrospun/magnetic/chitosan nanocomposite fibrous cross-linked network 82:180 A poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) electrospun/magnetic/chitosan nanocomposite fibrous cross-linked network 82:180 A poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) electrospun/magnetic/chitosan nanocomposite fibrous cross-linked network was fabricated using in situ cross-linking electrospinning technique and used for bovine serum albumin (BSA) loading and release applications. 26022546 1 52 theme fibrous 153:159 arg1 network 174:180 A poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) electrospun/magnetic/chitosan nanocomposite fibrous cross-linked network 82:180 A poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) electrospun/magnetic/chitosan nanocomposite fibrous cross-linked network 82:180 A poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) electrospun/magnetic/chitosan nanocomposite fibrous cross-linked network was fabricated using in situ cross-linking electrospinning technique and used for bovine serum albumin (BSA) loading and release applications. 26022546 10 53 theme properties 1296:1305 arg1 enhancement 1258:1268 an enhancement 1255:1268 an enhancement of the controlled release properties of BSA 1255:1312 The sample with TPP cross-linker showed an enhancement of the controlled release properties of BSA during 30-h experimental investigation. 26022546 1 54 theme bovine 264:269 arg1 BSA 286:288 BSA 286:288 BSA 286:288 A poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) electrospun/magnetic/chitosan nanocomposite fibrous cross-linked network was fabricated using in situ cross-linking electrospinning technique and used for bovine serum albumin (BSA) loading and release applications. 26022546 1 54 theme bovine 264:269 arg1 albumin 277:283 bovine serum albumin 264:283 bovine serum albumin (BSA) loading 264:297 A poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) electrospun/magnetic/chitosan nanocomposite fibrous cross-linked network was fabricated using in situ cross-linking electrospinning technique and used for bovine serum albumin (BSA) loading and release applications. 26022546 5 55 dep Fourier 763:769 arg1 transform 771:779 transform 771:779 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 771:808 Nanofibers were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26022546 11 56 theme Graphical 1354:1362 arg1 Abstract 1364:1371 Graphical Abstract 1354:1371 Graphical Abstract 1354:1371 Graphical Abstract ᅟ. 26022546 1 57 theme cross-linked 161:172 arg1 network 174:180 A poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) electrospun/magnetic/chitosan nanocomposite fibrous cross-linked network 82:180 A poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) electrospun/magnetic/chitosan nanocomposite fibrous cross-linked network 82:180 A poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) electrospun/magnetic/chitosan nanocomposite fibrous cross-linked network was fabricated using in situ cross-linking electrospinning technique and used for bovine serum albumin (BSA) loading and release applications. 26022546 1 58 theme serum 271:275 arg1 BSA 286:288 BSA 286:288 BSA 286:288 A poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) electrospun/magnetic/chitosan nanocomposite fibrous cross-linked network was fabricated using in situ cross-linking electrospinning technique and used for bovine serum albumin (BSA) loading and release applications. 26022546 1 58 theme serum 271:275 arg1 albumin 277:283 bovine serum albumin 264:283 bovine serum albumin (BSA) loading 264:297 A poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) electrospun/magnetic/chitosan nanocomposite fibrous cross-linked network was fabricated using in situ cross-linking electrospinning technique and used for bovine serum albumin (BSA) loading and release applications. 26042691 0 0 theme drilled 76:82 arg1 voids 89:93 drilled bone voids 76:93 drilled bone voids in the proximal tibial metaphysis of rabbits 76:138 Effect of a carbonated HAP/β-glucan composite bone substitute on healing of drilled bone voids in the proximal tibial metaphysis of rabbits. 26042691 7 1 with tissue 840:845 arg1 signs 855:859 no signs 852:859 no signs of graft rejection 852:878 Radiological images and histological sections revealed integration of implants with bone tissue with no signs of graft rejection. 26042691 9 2 theme porous 1151:1156 arg1 granules 1166:1173 porous ceramic granules 1151:1173 porous ceramic granules 1151:1173 Densitometry (DXA) analysis suggested that biomineralization of bones was preceded by bioresorption and gradual disappearance of porous ceramic granules. 26042691 9 3 theme Densitometry 1022:1033 arg1 analysis 1041:1048 Densitometry (DXA) analysis 1022:1048 Densitometry (DXA) analysis 1022:1048 Densitometry (DXA) analysis suggested that biomineralization of bones was preceded by bioresorption and gradual disappearance of porous ceramic granules. 26042691 4 4 from 4mm 452:454 arg1 diameter 459:466 diameter 459:466 diameter 459:466 Cylinders of 4mm in diameter and 6mm in length were implanted into bone cavities created in the proximal metaphysis of tibiae of 24 New Zealand white rabbits. 26042691 9 5 theme ceramic 1158:1164 arg1 granules 1166:1173 porous ceramic granules 1151:1173 porous ceramic granules 1151:1173 Densitometry (DXA) analysis suggested that biomineralization of bones was preceded by bioresorption and gradual disappearance of porous ceramic granules. 26042691 1 6 theme novel 143:147 arg1 composite 178:186 A novel elastic hydroxyapatite-based composite 141:186 A novel elastic hydroxyapatite-based composite of high surgical handiness 141:213 A novel elastic hydroxyapatite-based composite of high surgical handiness has been developed. 26042691 1 6 theme novel 143:147 arg1 handiness 205:213 high surgical handiness 191:213 high surgical handiness 191:213 A novel elastic hydroxyapatite-based composite of high surgical handiness has been developed. 26042691 7 7 theme bone 835:838 arg1 tissue 840:845 bone tissue 835:845 bone tissue with no signs of graft rejection 835:878 Radiological images and histological sections revealed integration of implants with bone tissue with no signs of graft rejection. 26042691 4 8 theme tibiae 558:563 arg1 metaphysis 544:553 the proximal metaphysis 531:553 the proximal metaphysis of tibiae of 24 New Zealand white rabbits 531:595 Cylinders of 4mm in diameter and 6mm in length were implanted into bone cavities created in the proximal metaphysis of tibiae of 24 New Zealand white rabbits. 26042691 0 9 theme voids 89:93 arg1 healing 65:71 healing 65:71 healing of drilled bone voids in the proximal tibial metaphysis of rabbits 65:138 Effect of a carbonated HAP/β-glucan composite bone substitute on healing of drilled bone voids in the proximal tibial metaphysis of rabbits. 26042691 4 10 theme rabbits 589:595 arg1 tibiae 558:563 tibiae 558:563 tibiae of 24 New Zealand white rabbits 558:595 Cylinders of 4mm in diameter and 6mm in length were implanted into bone cavities created in the proximal metaphysis of tibiae of 24 New Zealand white rabbits. 26042691 9 11 theme granules 1166:1173 arg1 bioresorption 1108:1120 bioresorption 1108:1120 bioresorption 1108:1120 Densitometry (DXA) analysis suggested that biomineralization of bones was preceded by bioresorption and gradual disappearance of porous ceramic granules. 26042691 9 11 theme granules 1166:1173 arg1 disappearance 1134:1146 gradual disappearance 1126:1146 gradual disappearance 1126:1146 Densitometry (DXA) analysis suggested that biomineralization of bones was preceded by bioresorption and gradual disappearance of porous ceramic granules. 26042691 4 12 theme New 571:573 arg1 rabbits 589:595 24 New Zealand white rabbits 568:595 24 New Zealand white rabbits 568:595 Cylinders of 4mm in diameter and 6mm in length were implanted into bone cavities created in the proximal metaphysis of tibiae of 24 New Zealand white rabbits. 26042691 0 13 theme bone 84:87 arg1 voids 89:93 drilled bone voids 76:93 drilled bone voids in the proximal tibial metaphysis of rabbits 76:138 Effect of a carbonated HAP/β-glucan composite bone substitute on healing of drilled bone voids in the proximal tibial metaphysis of rabbits. 26042691 4 14 from length 479:484 arg1 Cylinders 439:447 Cylinders 439:447 Cylinders of 4mm in diameter and 6mm in length 439:484 Cylinders of 4mm in diameter and 6mm in length were implanted into bone cavities created in the proximal metaphysis of tibiae of 24 New Zealand white rabbits. 26042691 10 15 theme bone 1294:1297 arg1 material 1228:1235 the CHAP-glucan composite material 1202:1235 the CHAP-glucan composite material 1202:1235 The findings suggest that the CHAP-glucan composite material enables regeneration of bone tissue and could serve as a bone defect filler. 26042691 10 15 theme bone 1294:1297 arg1 filler 1306:1311 a bone defect filler 1292:1311 a bone defect filler 1292:1311 The findings suggest that the CHAP-glucan composite material enables regeneration of bone tissue and could serve as a bone defect filler. 26042691 7 16 theme implants 821:828 arg1 integration 806:816 integration 806:816 integration of implants with bone tissue with no signs of graft rejection 806:878 Radiological images and histological sections revealed integration of implants with bone tissue with no signs of graft rejection. 26042691 8 17 theme stimulating 946:956 arg1 effect 958:963 the stimulating effect 942:963 the stimulating effect of the biomaterial on bone formation and mineralization 942:1019 Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) indicated the stimulating effect of the biomaterial on bone formation and mineralization. 26042691 1 18 theme elastic 149:155 arg1 composite 178:186 A novel elastic hydroxyapatite-based composite 141:186 A novel elastic hydroxyapatite-based composite of high surgical handiness 141:213 A novel elastic hydroxyapatite-based composite of high surgical handiness has been developed. 26042691 1 18 theme elastic 149:155 arg1 handiness 205:213 high surgical handiness 191:213 high surgical handiness 191:213 A novel elastic hydroxyapatite-based composite of high surgical handiness has been developed. 26042691 5 19 used used 628:631 arg2 controls 636:643 controls 636:643 controls 636:643 18 sham-operated animals were used as controls. 26042691 5 19 used used 628:631 arg2 animals 615:621 18 sham-operated animals 598:621 18 sham-operated animals 598:621 18 sham-operated animals were used as controls. 26042691 3 20 theme polysaccharide 400:413 arg1 β-1,3-glucan 424:435 β-1,3-glucan 424:435 β-1,3-glucan 424:435 The biomaterial was composed of carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHAP) granules and polysaccharide polymer (β-1,3-glucan). 26042691 3 20 theme polysaccharide 400:413 arg1 polymer 415:421 polysaccharide polymer 400:421 polysaccharide polymer (β-1,3-glucan) 400:436 The biomaterial was composed of carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHAP) granules and polysaccharide polymer (β-1,3-glucan). 26042691 4 21 theme Zealand 575:581 arg1 rabbits 589:595 24 New Zealand white rabbits 568:595 24 New Zealand white rabbits 568:595 Cylinders of 4mm in diameter and 6mm in length were implanted into bone cavities created in the proximal metaphysis of tibiae of 24 New Zealand white rabbits. 26042691 1 22 theme hydroxyapatite-based 157:176 arg1 composite 178:186 A novel elastic hydroxyapatite-based composite 141:186 A novel elastic hydroxyapatite-based composite of high surgical handiness 141:213 A novel elastic hydroxyapatite-based composite of high surgical handiness has been developed. 26042691 1 22 theme hydroxyapatite-based 157:176 arg1 handiness 205:213 high surgical handiness 191:213 high surgical handiness 191:213 A novel elastic hydroxyapatite-based composite of high surgical handiness has been developed. 26042691 3 23 theme CHAP 381:384 arg1 granules 387:394 carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHAP) granules 354:394 carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHAP) granules 354:394 The biomaterial was composed of carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHAP) granules and polysaccharide polymer (β-1,3-glucan). 26042691 4 24 theme 6mm 472:474 arg1 Cylinders 439:447 Cylinders 439:447 Cylinders of 4mm in diameter and 6mm in length 439:484 Cylinders of 4mm in diameter and 6mm in length were implanted into bone cavities created in the proximal metaphysis of tibiae of 24 New Zealand white rabbits. 26042691 5 25 theme sham-operated 601:613 arg1 animals 615:621 18 sham-operated animals 598:621 18 sham-operated animals 598:621 18 sham-operated animals were used as controls. 26042691 5 25 theme sham-operated 601:613 arg1 controls 636:643 controls 636:643 controls 636:643 18 sham-operated animals were used as controls. 26042691 4 26 theme proximal 535:542 arg1 metaphysis 544:553 the proximal metaphysis 531:553 the proximal metaphysis of tibiae of 24 New Zealand white rabbits 531:595 Cylinders of 4mm in diameter and 6mm in length were implanted into bone cavities created in the proximal metaphysis of tibiae of 24 New Zealand white rabbits. 26042691 4 27 from diameter 459:466 arg1 Cylinders 439:447 Cylinders 439:447 Cylinders of 4mm in diameter and 6mm in length 439:484 Cylinders of 4mm in diameter and 6mm in length were implanted into bone cavities created in the proximal metaphysis of tibiae of 24 New Zealand white rabbits. 26042691 2 28 from application 249:259 arg1 orthopedics 264:274 orthopedics 264:274 orthopedics 264:274 Its potential application in orthopedics as a filler of bone defects has been studied. 26042691 0 29 theme carbonated 12:21 arg1 bone 46:49 a carbonated HAP/β-glucan composite bone 10:49 a carbonated HAP/β-glucan composite bone 10:49 Effect of a carbonated HAP/β-glucan composite bone substitute on healing of drilled bone voids in the proximal tibial metaphysis of rabbits. 26042691 0 30 theme tibial 111:116 arg1 metaphysis 118:127 the proximal tibial metaphysis 98:127 the proximal tibial metaphysis of rabbits 98:138 Effect of a carbonated HAP/β-glucan composite bone substitute on healing of drilled bone voids in the proximal tibial metaphysis of rabbits. 26042691 8 31 theme biomaterial 972:982 arg1 effect 958:963 the stimulating effect 942:963 the stimulating effect of the biomaterial on bone formation and mineralization 942:1019 Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) indicated the stimulating effect of the biomaterial on bone formation and mineralization. 26042691 2 32 theme defects 296:302 arg1 filler 281:286 a filler 279:286 a filler of bone defects 279:302 Its potential application in orthopedics as a filler of bone defects has been studied. 26042691 10 33 theme defect 1299:1304 arg1 material 1228:1235 the CHAP-glucan composite material 1202:1235 the CHAP-glucan composite material 1202:1235 The findings suggest that the CHAP-glucan composite material enables regeneration of bone tissue and could serve as a bone defect filler. 26042691 10 33 theme defect 1299:1304 arg1 filler 1306:1311 a bone defect filler 1292:1311 a bone defect filler 1292:1311 The findings suggest that the CHAP-glucan composite material enables regeneration of bone tissue and could serve as a bone defect filler. 26042691 1 34 theme high 191:194 arg1 handiness 205:213 high surgical handiness 191:213 high surgical handiness 191:213 A novel elastic hydroxyapatite-based composite of high surgical handiness has been developed. 26042691 0 35 theme proximal 102:109 arg1 metaphysis 118:127 the proximal tibial metaphysis 98:127 the proximal tibial metaphysis of rabbits 98:138 Effect of a carbonated HAP/β-glucan composite bone substitute on healing of drilled bone voids in the proximal tibial metaphysis of rabbits. 26042691 2 36 theme bone 291:294 arg1 defects 296:302 bone defects 291:302 bone defects 291:302 Its potential application in orthopedics as a filler of bone defects has been studied. 26042691 9 37 theme bones 1086:1090 arg1 biomineralization 1065:1081 biomineralization 1065:1081 biomineralization of bones 1065:1090 Densitometry (DXA) analysis suggested that biomineralization of bones was preceded by bioresorption and gradual disappearance of porous ceramic granules. 26042691 1 38 theme surgical 196:203 arg1 handiness 205:213 high surgical handiness 191:213 high surgical handiness 191:213 A novel elastic hydroxyapatite-based composite of high surgical handiness has been developed. 26042691 0 39 theme composite 36:44 arg1 bone 46:49 a carbonated HAP/β-glucan composite bone 10:49 a carbonated HAP/β-glucan composite bone 10:49 Effect of a carbonated HAP/β-glucan composite bone substitute on healing of drilled bone voids in the proximal tibial metaphysis of rabbits. 26042691 7 40 theme histological 775:786 arg1 sections 788:795 histological sections 775:795 histological sections 775:795 Radiological images and histological sections revealed integration of implants with bone tissue with no signs of graft rejection. 26042691 1 41 theme handiness 205:213 arg1 composite 178:186 A novel elastic hydroxyapatite-based composite 141:186 A novel elastic hydroxyapatite-based composite of high surgical handiness 141:213 A novel elastic hydroxyapatite-based composite of high surgical handiness has been developed. 26042691 1 41 theme handiness 205:213 arg1 handiness 205:213 high surgical handiness 191:213 high surgical handiness 191:213 A novel elastic hydroxyapatite-based composite of high surgical handiness has been developed. 26042691 0 42 theme HAP/β-glucan 23:34 arg1 bone 46:49 a carbonated HAP/β-glucan composite bone 10:49 a carbonated HAP/β-glucan composite bone 10:49 Effect of a carbonated HAP/β-glucan composite bone substitute on healing of drilled bone voids in the proximal tibial metaphysis of rabbits. 26042691 4 43 from Cylinders 439:447 arg1 diameter 459:466 diameter 459:466 diameter 459:466 Cylinders of 4mm in diameter and 6mm in length were implanted into bone cavities created in the proximal metaphysis of tibiae of 24 New Zealand white rabbits. 26042691 4 43 from Cylinders 439:447 arg1 length 479:484 length 479:484 length 479:484 Cylinders of 4mm in diameter and 6mm in length were implanted into bone cavities created in the proximal metaphysis of tibiae of 24 New Zealand white rabbits. 26042691 0 44 from healing 65:71 arg1 metaphysis 118:127 the proximal tibial metaphysis 98:127 the proximal tibial metaphysis of rabbits 98:138 Effect of a carbonated HAP/β-glucan composite bone substitute on healing of drilled bone voids in the proximal tibial metaphysis of rabbits. 26042691 3 45 theme hydroxyapatite 365:378 arg1 granules 387:394 carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHAP) granules 354:394 carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHAP) granules 354:394 The biomaterial was composed of carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHAP) granules and polysaccharide polymer (β-1,3-glucan). 26042691 8 46 theme Peripheral 881:890 arg1 pQCT 926:929 pQCT 926:929 pQCT 926:929 Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) indicated the stimulating effect of the biomaterial on bone formation and mineralization. 26042691 8 46 theme Peripheral 881:890 arg1 tomography 914:923 Peripheral quantitative computed tomography 881:923 Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) 881:930 Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) indicated the stimulating effect of the biomaterial on bone formation and mineralization. 26042691 8 47 dep bone 987:990 arg1 formation 992:1000 formation 992:1000 formation 992:1000 Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) indicated the stimulating effect of the biomaterial on bone formation and mineralization. 26042691 4 48 theme bone 506:509 arg1 cavities 511:518 bone cavities 506:518 bone cavities created in the proximal metaphysis of tibiae of 24 New Zealand white rabbits 506:595 Cylinders of 4mm in diameter and 6mm in length were implanted into bone cavities created in the proximal metaphysis of tibiae of 24 New Zealand white rabbits. 26042691 4 49 theme 4mm 452:454 arg1 Cylinders 439:447 Cylinders 439:447 Cylinders of 4mm in diameter and 6mm in length 439:484 Cylinders of 4mm in diameter and 6mm in length were implanted into bone cavities created in the proximal metaphysis of tibiae of 24 New Zealand white rabbits. 26042691 8 50 from effect 958:963 arg1 bone 987:990 bone formation and mineralization 987:1019 bone 987:990 Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) indicated the stimulating effect of the biomaterial on bone formation and mineralization. 26042691 8 50 from effect 958:963 arg1 mineralization 1006:1019 mineralization 1006:1019 mineralization 1006:1019 Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) indicated the stimulating effect of the biomaterial on bone formation and mineralization. 26042691 0 51 theme bone 46:49 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of a carbonated HAP/β-glucan composite bone 0:49 Effect of a carbonated HAP/β-glucan composite bone substitute on healing of drilled bone voids in the proximal tibial metaphysis of rabbits. 26042691 0 52 theme rabbits 132:138 arg1 metaphysis 118:127 the proximal tibial metaphysis 98:127 the proximal tibial metaphysis of rabbits 98:138 Effect of a carbonated HAP/β-glucan composite bone substitute on healing of drilled bone voids in the proximal tibial metaphysis of rabbits. 26042691 7 53 with integration 806:816 arg1 tissue 840:845 bone tissue 835:845 bone tissue with no signs of graft rejection 835:878 Radiological images and histological sections revealed integration of implants with bone tissue with no signs of graft rejection. 26042691 4 54 from 6mm 472:474 arg1 length 479:484 length 479:484 length 479:484 Cylinders of 4mm in diameter and 6mm in length were implanted into bone cavities created in the proximal metaphysis of tibiae of 24 New Zealand white rabbits. 26042691 8 55 theme computed 905:912 arg1 pQCT 926:929 pQCT 926:929 pQCT 926:929 Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) indicated the stimulating effect of the biomaterial on bone formation and mineralization. 26042691 8 55 theme computed 905:912 arg1 tomography 914:923 Peripheral quantitative computed tomography 881:923 Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) 881:930 Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) indicated the stimulating effect of the biomaterial on bone formation and mineralization. 26042691 7 56 theme graft 864:868 arg1 rejection 870:878 graft rejection 864:878 graft rejection 864:878 Radiological images and histological sections revealed integration of implants with bone tissue with no signs of graft rejection. 26042691 7 57 theme Radiological 751:762 arg1 images 764:769 Radiological images 751:769 Radiological images 751:769 Radiological images and histological sections revealed integration of implants with bone tissue with no signs of graft rejection. 26042691 8 58 theme quantitative 892:903 arg1 pQCT 926:929 pQCT 926:929 pQCT 926:929 Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) indicated the stimulating effect of the biomaterial on bone formation and mineralization. 26042691 8 58 theme quantitative 892:903 arg1 tomography 914:923 Peripheral quantitative computed tomography 881:923 Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) 881:930 Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) indicated the stimulating effect of the biomaterial on bone formation and mineralization. 26042691 7 59 theme rejection 870:878 arg1 signs 855:859 no signs 852:859 no signs of graft rejection 852:878 Radiological images and histological sections revealed integration of implants with bone tissue with no signs of graft rejection. 26042691 4 60 theme white 583:587 arg1 rabbits 589:595 24 New Zealand white rabbits 568:595 24 New Zealand white rabbits 568:595 Cylinders of 4mm in diameter and 6mm in length were implanted into bone cavities created in the proximal metaphysis of tibiae of 24 New Zealand white rabbits. 26042691 0 61 from voids 89:93 arg1 metaphysis 118:127 the proximal tibial metaphysis 98:127 the proximal tibial metaphysis of rabbits 98:138 Effect of a carbonated HAP/β-glucan composite bone substitute on healing of drilled bone voids in the proximal tibial metaphysis of rabbits. 26042691 9 62 theme gradual 1126:1132 arg1 disappearance 1134:1146 gradual disappearance 1126:1146 gradual disappearance 1126:1146 Densitometry (DXA) analysis suggested that biomineralization of bones was preceded by bioresorption and gradual disappearance of porous ceramic granules. 26042691 10 63 theme composite 1218:1226 arg1 material 1228:1235 the CHAP-glucan composite material 1202:1235 the CHAP-glucan composite material 1202:1235 The findings suggest that the CHAP-glucan composite material enables regeneration of bone tissue and could serve as a bone defect filler. 26042691 10 63 theme composite 1218:1226 arg1 filler 1306:1311 a bone defect filler 1292:1311 a bone defect filler 1292:1311 The findings suggest that the CHAP-glucan composite material enables regeneration of bone tissue and could serve as a bone defect filler. 26042691 0 64 from metaphysis 118:127 arg1 healing 65:71 healing 65:71 healing of drilled bone voids in the proximal tibial metaphysis of rabbits 65:138 Effect of a carbonated HAP/β-glucan composite bone substitute on healing of drilled bone voids in the proximal tibial metaphysis of rabbits. 26042691 10 65 theme tissue 1266:1271 arg1 regeneration 1245:1256 regeneration 1245:1256 regeneration of bone tissue 1245:1271 The findings suggest that the CHAP-glucan composite material enables regeneration of bone tissue and could serve as a bone defect filler. 26042691 10 66 theme CHAP-glucan 1206:1216 arg1 material 1228:1235 the CHAP-glucan composite material 1202:1235 the CHAP-glucan composite material 1202:1235 The findings suggest that the CHAP-glucan composite material enables regeneration of bone tissue and could serve as a bone defect filler. 26042691 10 66 theme CHAP-glucan 1206:1216 arg1 filler 1306:1311 a bone defect filler 1292:1311 a bone defect filler 1292:1311 The findings suggest that the CHAP-glucan composite material enables regeneration of bone tissue and could serve as a bone defect filler. 26042691 2 67 theme potential 239:247 arg1 application 249:259 Its potential application 235:259 Its potential application in orthopedics as a filler of bone defects 235:302 Its potential application in orthopedics as a filler of bone defects has been studied. 26042691 10 68 theme bone 1261:1264 arg1 tissue 1266:1271 bone tissue 1261:1271 bone tissue 1261:1271 The findings suggest that the CHAP-glucan composite material enables regeneration of bone tissue and could serve as a bone defect filler. 26042691 3 69 theme carbonated 354:363 arg1 granules 387:394 carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHAP) granules 354:394 carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHAP) granules 354:394 The biomaterial was composed of carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHAP) granules and polysaccharide polymer (β-1,3-glucan). 27541800 5 0 theme severe 728:733 arg1 intolerance 743:753 severe lactose intolerance 728:753 severe lactose intolerance 728:753 Some patients with severe lactose intolerance may experience symptoms of many allergic reactions after taking medicine that contains this substance. 27541800 11 1 theme chemometric 1872:1882 arg1 technique 1884:1892 the chemometric technique 1868:1892 the chemometric technique applied 1868:1900 The results seem to indicate that the success of identifying one component in FTIR spectra collected for pharmaceutical composition (that is tablet) is largely dependent on the choice of the chemometric technique applied. 27541800 7 2 dep identification 1130:1143 arg1 the 1126:1128 the 1126:1128 the 1126:1128 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has a unique chemical fingerprinting capability and plays a significant important role in the identification and characterization of analyzed samples and hence has been widely used in pharmaceutical science. 27541800 9 3 theme multivariate 1385:1396 arg1 processing 1412:1421 Powerful multivariate spectral data processing 1376:1421 Powerful multivariate spectral data processing 1376:1421 Powerful multivariate spectral data processing can transform FTIR spectroscopy into an ideal tool for high volume, rapid screening and characterization of even minor tablet components. 27541800 5 4 theme lactose 735:741 arg1 intolerance 743:753 severe lactose intolerance 728:753 severe lactose intolerance 728:753 Some patients with severe lactose intolerance may experience symptoms of many allergic reactions after taking medicine that contains this substance. 27541800 7 5 theme significant 1096:1106 arg1 role 1118:1121 a significant important role 1094:1121 a significant important role 1094:1121 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has a unique chemical fingerprinting capability and plays a significant important role in the identification and characterization of analyzed samples and hence has been widely used in pharmaceutical science. 27541800 2 6 contain have 151:154 arg1 saccharose 140:149 saccharose 140:149 saccharose 140:149 Lactose and saccharose have the same molecular formula; however, the arrangement of their atoms is different. 27541800 2 6 contain have 151:154 arg2 formula 175:181 the same molecular formula 156:181 the same molecular formula 156:181 Lactose and saccharose have the same molecular formula; however, the arrangement of their atoms is different. 27541800 2 6 contain have 151:154 arg1 Lactose 128:134 Lactose 128:134 Lactose 128:134 Lactose and saccharose have the same molecular formula; however, the arrangement of their atoms is different. 27541800 9 7 theme spectral 1398:1405 arg1 processing 1412:1421 Powerful multivariate spectral data processing 1376:1421 Powerful multivariate spectral data processing 1376:1421 Powerful multivariate spectral data processing can transform FTIR spectroscopy into an ideal tool for high volume, rapid screening and characterization of even minor tablet components. 27541800 11 8 from component 1746:1754 arg1 spectra 1764:1770 FTIR spectra 1759:1770 FTIR spectra collected for pharmaceutical composition (that is tablet) 1759:1828 The results seem to indicate that the success of identifying one component in FTIR spectra collected for pharmaceutical composition (that is tablet) is largely dependent on the choice of the chemometric technique applied. 27541800 7 9 used used 1212:1215 arg2 Fourier 989:995 Fourier 989:995 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy 989:1034 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has a unique chemical fingerprinting capability and plays a significant important role in the identification and characterization of analyzed samples and hence has been widely used in pharmaceutical science. 27541800 8 10 theme valuable 1321:1328 arg1 information 1330:1340 valuable information 1321:1340 valuable information hidden in a family of tiny peaks 1321:1373 However, a typical FTIR spectrum collected from tablets contains a myriad of valuable information hidden in a family of tiny peaks. 27541800 6 11 contain containing 961:970 arg1 tablets 953:959 tablets 953:959 tablets containing this ingredient 953:986 People who are specifically "allergic" to lactose (not just lactose intolerant) should not use tablets containing this ingredient. 27541800 6 11 contain containing 961:970 arg2 ingredient 977:986 this ingredient 972:986 this ingredient 972:986 People who are specifically "allergic" to lactose (not just lactose intolerant) should not use tablets containing this ingredient. 27541800 9 12 theme data 1407:1410 arg1 processing 1412:1421 Powerful multivariate spectral data processing 1376:1421 Powerful multivariate spectral data processing 1376:1421 Powerful multivariate spectral data processing can transform FTIR spectroscopy into an ideal tool for high volume, rapid screening and characterization of even minor tablet components. 27541800 7 13 dep Infrared 1007:1014 arg1 FTIR 1017:1020 FTIR 1017:1020 FTIR 1017:1020 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has a unique chemical fingerprinting capability and plays a significant important role in the identification and characterization of analyzed samples and hence has been widely used in pharmaceutical science. 27541800 9 14 theme even 1531:1534 arg1 components 1549:1558 even minor tablet components 1531:1558 even minor tablet components 1531:1558 Powerful multivariate spectral data processing can transform FTIR spectroscopy into an ideal tool for high volume, rapid screening and characterization of even minor tablet components. 27541800 6 15 dep " 895:895 arg1 allergic 887:894 allergic 887:894 allergic 887:894 People who are specifically "allergic" to lactose (not just lactose intolerant) should not use tablets containing this ingredient. 27541800 7 16 theme analyzed 1169:1176 arg1 samples 1178:1184 analyzed samples 1169:1184 analyzed samples 1169:1184 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has a unique chemical fingerprinting capability and plays a significant important role in the identification and characterization of analyzed samples and hence has been widely used in pharmaceutical science. 27541800 7 17 theme fingerprinting 1058:1071 arg1 capability 1073:1082 a unique chemical fingerprinting capability 1040:1082 a unique chemical fingerprinting capability 1040:1082 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has a unique chemical fingerprinting capability and plays a significant important role in the identification and characterization of analyzed samples and hence has been widely used in pharmaceutical science. 27541800 5 18 contain contains 833:840 arg1 medicine 819:826 medicine 819:826 medicine that contains this substance 819:855 Some patients with severe lactose intolerance may experience symptoms of many allergic reactions after taking medicine that contains this substance. 27541800 5 18 contain contains 833:840 arg2 substance 847:855 this substance 842:855 this substance 842:855 Some patients with severe lactose intolerance may experience symptoms of many allergic reactions after taking medicine that contains this substance. 27541800 3 19 dep ability 447:453 arg1 digest 458:463 digest 458:463 to digest lactose after infancy 455:485 A major difference between lactose and saccharose with regard to digestion and processing is that it is not uncommon for individuals to be lactose intolerant (around two thirds of the population has a limited ability to digest lactose after infancy), but it is rather unlikely to be saccharose intolerant. 27541800 9 20 theme FTIR 1437:1440 arg1 spectroscopy 1442:1453 FTIR spectroscopy 1437:1453 FTIR spectroscopy 1437:1453 Powerful multivariate spectral data processing can transform FTIR spectroscopy into an ideal tool for high volume, rapid screening and characterization of even minor tablet components. 27541800 9 21 theme tablet 1542:1547 arg1 components 1549:1558 even minor tablet components 1531:1558 even minor tablet components 1531:1558 Powerful multivariate spectral data processing can transform FTIR spectroscopy into an ideal tool for high volume, rapid screening and characterization of even minor tablet components. 27541800 7 22 theme samples 1178:1184 arg1 characterization 1149:1164 characterization 1149:1164 characterization 1149:1164 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has a unique chemical fingerprinting capability and plays a significant important role in the identification and characterization of analyzed samples and hence has been widely used in pharmaceutical science. 27541800 7 22 theme samples 1178:1184 arg1 identification 1130:1143 identification 1130:1143 identification 1130:1143 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has a unique chemical fingerprinting capability and plays a significant important role in the identification and characterization of analyzed samples and hence has been widely used in pharmaceutical science. 27541800 0 23 from presence 23:30 arg1 pharmaceuticals 46:60 pharmaceuticals 46:60 pharmaceuticals 46:60 Is it possible to find presence of lactose in pharmaceuticals? 27541800 8 24 theme information 1330:1340 arg1 myriad 1311:1316 a myriad 1309:1316 a myriad of valuable information hidden in a family of tiny peaks 1309:1373 However, a typical FTIR spectrum collected from tablets contains a myriad of valuable information hidden in a family of tiny peaks. 27541800 11 25 theme FTIR 1759:1762 arg1 spectra 1764:1770 FTIR spectra 1759:1770 FTIR spectra collected for pharmaceutical composition (that is tablet) 1759:1828 The results seem to indicate that the success of identifying one component in FTIR spectra collected for pharmaceutical composition (that is tablet) is largely dependent on the choice of the chemometric technique applied. 27541800 4 26 theme inactive 603:610 arg1 ingredients 612:622 inactive ingredients 603:622 inactive ingredients of drugs 603:631 The pharmaceutical industry uses lactose and saccharose as inactive ingredients of drugs to help form tablets because of their excellent compressibility properties. 27541800 7 27 theme unique 1042:1047 arg1 capability 1073:1082 a unique chemical fingerprinting capability 1040:1082 a unique chemical fingerprinting capability 1040:1082 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has a unique chemical fingerprinting capability and plays a significant important role in the identification and characterization of analyzed samples and hence has been widely used in pharmaceutical science. 27541800 0 28 attach presence 23:30 arg2 lactose 35:41 lactose 35:41 lactose 35:41 Is it possible to find presence of lactose in pharmaceuticals? 27541800 0 28 attach presence 23:30 arg1 pharmaceuticals 46:60 pharmaceuticals 46:60 pharmaceuticals 46:60 Is it possible to find presence of lactose in pharmaceuticals? 27541800 1 29 theme Preliminary 65:75 arg1 studies 77:83 Preliminary studies 65:83 Preliminary studies 65:83 - Preliminary studies by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics. 27541800 7 30 dep Fourier 989:995 arg1 Transform 997:1005 Transform 997:1005 Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy 997:1034 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has a unique chemical fingerprinting capability and plays a significant important role in the identification and characterization of analyzed samples and hence has been widely used in pharmaceutical science. 27541800 4 31 theme drugs 627:631 arg1 ingredients 612:622 inactive ingredients 603:622 inactive ingredients of drugs 603:631 The pharmaceutical industry uses lactose and saccharose as inactive ingredients of drugs to help form tablets because of their excellent compressibility properties. 27541800 5 32 theme many 782:785 arg1 reactions 796:804 many allergic reactions 782:804 many allergic reactions 782:804 Some patients with severe lactose intolerance may experience symptoms of many allergic reactions after taking medicine that contains this substance. 27541800 9 33 theme components 1549:1558 arg1 volume 1483:1488 high volume 1478:1488 high volume 1478:1488 Powerful multivariate spectral data processing can transform FTIR spectroscopy into an ideal tool for high volume, rapid screening and characterization of even minor tablet components. 27541800 9 33 theme components 1549:1558 arg1 screening 1497:1505 rapid screening 1491:1505 rapid screening 1491:1505 Powerful multivariate spectral data processing can transform FTIR spectroscopy into an ideal tool for high volume, rapid screening and characterization of even minor tablet components. 27541800 9 33 theme components 1549:1558 arg1 characterization 1511:1526 characterization 1511:1526 characterization 1511:1526 Powerful multivariate spectral data processing can transform FTIR spectroscopy into an ideal tool for high volume, rapid screening and characterization of even minor tablet components. 27541800 3 34 dep intolerant 385:394 arg1 thirds 408:413 two thirds 404:413 two thirds of the population has a limited ability to digest lactose after infancy 404:485 A major difference between lactose and saccharose with regard to digestion and processing is that it is not uncommon for individuals to be lactose intolerant (around two thirds of the population has a limited ability to digest lactose after infancy), but it is rather unlikely to be saccharose intolerant. 27541800 4 35 theme compressibility 681:695 arg1 properties 697:706 their excellent compressibility properties 665:706 their excellent compressibility properties 665:706 The pharmaceutical industry uses lactose and saccharose as inactive ingredients of drugs to help form tablets because of their excellent compressibility properties. 27541800 5 36 theme allergic 787:794 arg1 reactions 796:804 many allergic reactions 782:804 many allergic reactions 782:804 Some patients with severe lactose intolerance may experience symptoms of many allergic reactions after taking medicine that contains this substance. 27541800 5 37 with patients 714:721 arg1 intolerance 743:753 severe lactose intolerance 728:753 severe lactose intolerance 728:753 Some patients with severe lactose intolerance may experience symptoms of many allergic reactions after taking medicine that contains this substance. 27541800 8 38 theme peaks 1369:1373 arg1 family 1354:1359 a family 1352:1359 a family of tiny peaks 1352:1373 However, a typical FTIR spectrum collected from tablets contains a myriad of valuable information hidden in a family of tiny peaks. 27541800 3 39 theme population 422:431 arg1 thirds 408:413 two thirds 404:413 two thirds of the population has a limited ability to digest lactose after infancy 404:485 A major difference between lactose and saccharose with regard to digestion and processing is that it is not uncommon for individuals to be lactose intolerant (around two thirds of the population has a limited ability to digest lactose after infancy), but it is rather unlikely to be saccharose intolerant. 27541800 5 40 theme reactions 796:804 arg1 symptoms 770:777 symptoms 770:777 symptoms of many allergic reactions 770:804 Some patients with severe lactose intolerance may experience symptoms of many allergic reactions after taking medicine that contains this substance. 27541800 9 41 theme minor 1536:1540 arg1 components 1549:1558 even minor tablet components 1531:1558 even minor tablet components 1531:1558 Powerful multivariate spectral data processing can transform FTIR spectroscopy into an ideal tool for high volume, rapid screening and characterization of even minor tablet components. 27541800 1 42 theme ATR-FTIR 88:95 arg1 spectroscopy 97:108 ATR-FTIR spectroscopy 88:108 ATR-FTIR spectroscopy 88:108 - Preliminary studies by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics. 27541800 7 43 theme chemical 1049:1056 arg1 capability 1073:1082 a unique chemical fingerprinting capability 1040:1082 a unique chemical fingerprinting capability 1040:1082 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has a unique chemical fingerprinting capability and plays a significant important role in the identification and characterization of analyzed samples and hence has been widely used in pharmaceutical science. 27541800 3 44 theme lactose 377:383 arg1 intolerant 385:394 lactose intolerant 377:394 lactose intolerant 377:394 A major difference between lactose and saccharose with regard to digestion and processing is that it is not uncommon for individuals to be lactose intolerant (around two thirds of the population has a limited ability to digest lactose after infancy), but it is rather unlikely to be saccharose intolerant. 27541800 6 45 theme lactose 918:924 arg1 intolerant 926:935 lactose intolerant 918:935 People who are specifically "allergic" to lactose (not just lactose intolerant) 858:936 People who are specifically "allergic" to lactose (not just lactose intolerant) should not use tablets containing this ingredient. 27541800 3 46 theme major 240:244 arg1 difference 246:255 A major difference 238:255 A major difference between lactose and saccharose with regard to digestion and processing 238:326 A major difference between lactose and saccharose with regard to digestion and processing is that it is not uncommon for individuals to be lactose intolerant (around two thirds of the population has a limited ability to digest lactose after infancy), but it is rather unlikely to be saccharose intolerant. 27541800 2 47 theme molecular 165:173 arg1 formula 175:181 the same molecular formula 156:181 the same molecular formula 156:181 Lactose and saccharose have the same molecular formula; however, the arrangement of their atoms is different. 27541800 2 48 theme atoms 218:222 arg1 different 227:235 different 227:235 different 227:235 Lactose and saccharose have the same molecular formula; however, the arrangement of their atoms is different. 27541800 2 48 theme atoms 218:222 arg1 arrangement 197:207 the arrangement 193:207 the arrangement of their atoms 193:222 Lactose and saccharose have the same molecular formula; however, the arrangement of their atoms is different. 27541800 7 49 contain has 1036:1038 arg2 capability 1073:1082 a unique chemical fingerprinting capability 1040:1082 a unique chemical fingerprinting capability 1040:1082 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has a unique chemical fingerprinting capability and plays a significant important role in the identification and characterization of analyzed samples and hence has been widely used in pharmaceutical science. 27541800 7 49 contain has 1036:1038 arg1 Fourier 989:995 Fourier 989:995 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy 989:1034 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has a unique chemical fingerprinting capability and plays a significant important role in the identification and characterization of analyzed samples and hence has been widely used in pharmaceutical science. 27541800 8 50 theme typical 1255:1261 arg1 spectrum 1268:1275 a typical FTIR spectrum 1253:1275 a typical FTIR spectrum collected from tablets 1253:1298 However, a typical FTIR spectrum collected from tablets contains a myriad of valuable information hidden in a family of tiny peaks. 27541800 10 51 theme FTIR 1608:1611 arg1 spectra 1613:1619 FTIR spectra 1608:1619 FTIR spectra collected for tablets with or without lactose 1608:1665 In this paper a method for distinction between FTIR spectra collected for tablets with or without lactose is presented. 27541800 8 52 contain contains 1300:1307 arg2 myriad 1311:1316 a myriad 1309:1316 a myriad of valuable information hidden in a family of tiny peaks 1309:1373 However, a typical FTIR spectrum collected from tablets contains a myriad of valuable information hidden in a family of tiny peaks. 27541800 8 52 contain contains 1300:1307 arg1 spectrum 1268:1275 a typical FTIR spectrum 1253:1275 a typical FTIR spectrum collected from tablets 1253:1298 However, a typical FTIR spectrum collected from tablets contains a myriad of valuable information hidden in a family of tiny peaks. 27541800 2 53 theme same 160:163 arg1 formula 175:181 the same molecular formula 156:181 the same molecular formula 156:181 Lactose and saccharose have the same molecular formula; however, the arrangement of their atoms is different. 27541800 8 54 theme tiny 1364:1367 arg1 peaks 1369:1373 tiny peaks 1364:1373 tiny peaks 1364:1373 However, a typical FTIR spectrum collected from tablets contains a myriad of valuable information hidden in a family of tiny peaks. 27541800 0 55 theme lactose 35:41 arg1 presence 23:30 presence 23:30 presence of lactose in pharmaceuticals 23:60 Is it possible to find presence of lactose in pharmaceuticals? 27541800 11 56 theme pharmaceutical 1786:1799 arg1 composition 1801:1811 pharmaceutical composition 1786:1811 pharmaceutical composition (that is tablet) 1786:1828 The results seem to indicate that the success of identifying one component in FTIR spectra collected for pharmaceutical composition (that is tablet) is largely dependent on the choice of the chemometric technique applied. 27541800 9 57 theme ideal 1463:1467 arg1 tool 1469:1472 an ideal tool 1460:1472 an ideal tool for high volume, rapid screening and characterization of even minor tablet components 1460:1558 Powerful multivariate spectral data processing can transform FTIR spectroscopy into an ideal tool for high volume, rapid screening and characterization of even minor tablet components. 27541800 3 58 theme saccharose 521:530 arg1 intolerant 532:541 saccharose intolerant 521:541 saccharose intolerant 521:541 A major difference between lactose and saccharose with regard to digestion and processing is that it is not uncommon for individuals to be lactose intolerant (around two thirds of the population has a limited ability to digest lactose after infancy), but it is rather unlikely to be saccharose intolerant. 27541800 8 59 theme FTIR 1263:1266 arg1 spectrum 1268:1275 a typical FTIR spectrum 1253:1275 a typical FTIR spectrum collected from tablets 1253:1298 However, a typical FTIR spectrum collected from tablets contains a myriad of valuable information hidden in a family of tiny peaks. 27541800 4 60 theme excellent 671:679 arg1 properties 697:706 their excellent compressibility properties 665:706 their excellent compressibility properties 665:706 The pharmaceutical industry uses lactose and saccharose as inactive ingredients of drugs to help form tablets because of their excellent compressibility properties. 27541800 4 61 theme pharmaceutical 548:561 arg1 industry 563:570 The pharmaceutical industry 544:570 The pharmaceutical industry 544:570 The pharmaceutical industry uses lactose and saccharose as inactive ingredients of drugs to help form tablets because of their excellent compressibility properties. 27541800 7 62 theme Infrared 1007:1014 arg1 spectroscopy 1023:1034 Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy 1007:1034 Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy 1007:1034 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has a unique chemical fingerprinting capability and plays a significant important role in the identification and characterization of analyzed samples and hence has been widely used in pharmaceutical science. 27541800 3 63 theme limited 439:445 arg1 ability 447:453 a limited ability 437:453 a limited ability to digest lactose after infancy 437:485 A major difference between lactose and saccharose with regard to digestion and processing is that it is not uncommon for individuals to be lactose intolerant (around two thirds of the population has a limited ability to digest lactose after infancy), but it is rather unlikely to be saccharose intolerant. 27541800 6 64 dep People 858:863 arg1 just 913:916 just 913:916 just 913:916 People who are specifically "allergic" to lactose (not just lactose intolerant) should not use tablets containing this ingredient. 27541800 3 65 dep population 422:431 arg1 has 433:435 has 433:435 has a limited ability to digest lactose after infancy 433:485 A major difference between lactose and saccharose with regard to digestion and processing is that it is not uncommon for individuals to be lactose intolerant (around two thirds of the population has a limited ability to digest lactose after infancy), but it is rather unlikely to be saccharose intolerant. 27541800 9 66 theme rapid 1491:1495 arg1 screening 1497:1505 rapid screening 1491:1505 rapid screening 1491:1505 Powerful multivariate spectral data processing can transform FTIR spectroscopy into an ideal tool for high volume, rapid screening and characterization of even minor tablet components. 27541800 9 67 theme high 1478:1481 arg1 volume 1483:1488 high volume 1478:1488 high volume 1478:1488 Powerful multivariate spectral data processing can transform FTIR spectroscopy into an ideal tool for high volume, rapid screening and characterization of even minor tablet components. 27541800 11 68 theme technique 1884:1892 arg1 choice 1858:1863 the choice 1854:1863 the choice of the chemometric technique applied 1854:1900 The results seem to indicate that the success of identifying one component in FTIR spectra collected for pharmaceutical composition (that is tablet) is largely dependent on the choice of the chemometric technique applied. 27541800 7 69 theme important 1108:1116 arg1 role 1118:1121 a significant important role 1094:1121 a significant important role 1094:1121 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has a unique chemical fingerprinting capability and plays a significant important role in the identification and characterization of analyzed samples and hence has been widely used in pharmaceutical science. 27541800 9 70 theme Powerful 1376:1383 arg1 processing 1412:1421 Powerful multivariate spectral data processing 1376:1421 Powerful multivariate spectral data processing 1376:1421 Powerful multivariate spectral data processing can transform FTIR spectroscopy into an ideal tool for high volume, rapid screening and characterization of even minor tablet components. 29060221 0 0 theme conductive 79:88 arg1 composite 99:107 conductive hydrogel composite 79:107 conductive hydrogel composite 79:107 Implantable bladder volume sensor based on resistor ladder network composed of conductive hydrogel composite. 29060221 6 1 theme material 884:891 arg1 patterning 842:851 patterning 842:851 patterning 842:851 We also demonstrate the patterning and molding capability of this material by fabrication various structures. 29060221 6 1 theme material 884:891 arg1 capability 865:874 molding capability 857:874 molding capability 857:874 We also demonstrate the patterning and molding capability of this material by fabrication various structures. 29060221 2 2 theme discrete 362:369 arg1 values 382:387 discrete resistance values 362:387 discrete resistance values 362:387 Here, we report an implantable bladder volume sensor with a multi-level resistor ladder which estimates the bladder volume through discrete resistance values. 29060221 5 3 theme bladder 742:748 arg1 movement 750:757 the bladder movement 738:757 the bladder movement 738:757 Because Young's modulus of this composite is comparable to that of the bladder wall, the effect of mechanical loading of the sensor on the bladder movement is minimized which allows more accurate volume monitoring. 29060221 1 4 theme critical 160:167 arg1 component 169:177 a critical component 158:177 a critical component in diagnosis and treatment of urological disorders 158:228 An accurate bladder volume monitoring system is a critical component in diagnosis and treatment of urological disorders. 29060221 1 4 theme critical 160:167 arg1 system 148:153 An accurate bladder volume monitoring system 110:153 An accurate bladder volume monitoring system 110:153 An accurate bladder volume monitoring system is a critical component in diagnosis and treatment of urological disorders. 29060221 7 5 theme sensor 1017:1022 arg1 functionality 968:980 the functionality 964:980 the functionality of the multi-level resistor ladder sensor 964:1022 Lastly, we successfully demonstrate the functionality of the multi-level resistor ladder sensor as a bladder volume sensor by attaching the sensor on the pig's bladder and observing the impedance change of the sensor. 29060221 7 5 theme sensor 1017:1022 arg1 sensor 1044:1049 a bladder volume sensor 1027:1049 a bladder volume sensor 1027:1049 Lastly, we successfully demonstrate the functionality of the multi-level resistor ladder sensor as a bladder volume sensor by attaching the sensor on the pig's bladder and observing the impedance change of the sensor. 29060221 5 6 theme sensor 728:733 arg1 loading 713:719 mechanical loading 702:719 mechanical loading of the sensor 702:733 Because Young's modulus of this composite is comparable to that of the bladder wall, the effect of mechanical loading of the sensor on the bladder movement is minimized which allows more accurate volume monitoring. 29060221 5 7 theme bladder 674:680 arg1 wall 682:685 the bladder wall 670:685 the bladder wall 670:685 Because Young's modulus of this composite is comparable to that of the bladder wall, the effect of mechanical loading of the sensor on the bladder movement is minimized which allows more accurate volume monitoring. 29060221 7 8 theme multi-level 989:999 arg1 sensor 1017:1022 the multi-level resistor ladder sensor 985:1022 the multi-level resistor ladder sensor 985:1022 Lastly, we successfully demonstrate the functionality of the multi-level resistor ladder sensor as a bladder volume sensor by attaching the sensor on the pig's bladder and observing the impedance change of the sensor. 29060221 5 9 theme accurate 790:797 arg1 monitoring 806:815 more accurate volume monitoring 785:815 more accurate volume monitoring 785:815 Because Young's modulus of this composite is comparable to that of the bladder wall, the effect of mechanical loading of the sensor on the bladder movement is minimized which allows more accurate volume monitoring. 29060221 7 10 theme ladder 1010:1015 arg1 sensor 1017:1022 the multi-level resistor ladder sensor 985:1022 the multi-level resistor ladder sensor 985:1022 Lastly, we successfully demonstrate the functionality of the multi-level resistor ladder sensor as a bladder volume sensor by attaching the sensor on the pig's bladder and observing the impedance change of the sensor. 29060221 0 11 theme hydrogel 90:97 arg1 composite 99:107 conductive hydrogel composite 79:107 conductive hydrogel composite 79:107 Implantable bladder volume sensor based on resistor ladder network composed of conductive hydrogel composite. 29060221 6 12 theme various 908:914 arg1 structures 916:925 fabrication various structures 896:925 fabrication various structures 896:925 We also demonstrate the patterning and molding capability of this material by fabrication various structures. 29060221 3 13 theme sensor 505:510 arg1 materials 512:520 the sensor materials 501:520 the sensor materials 501:520 Discretization allows the sensor output to be resilient to the long-term drift, hysteresis, and degradation of the sensor materials. 29060221 6 14 theme fabrication 896:906 arg1 structures 916:925 fabrication various structures 896:925 fabrication various structures 896:925 We also demonstrate the patterning and molding capability of this material by fabrication various structures. 29060221 5 15 theme composite 635:643 arg1 modulus 619:625 Young's modulus 611:625 Young's modulus of this composite 611:643 Because Young's modulus of this composite is comparable to that of the bladder wall, the effect of mechanical loading of the sensor on the bladder movement is minimized which allows more accurate volume monitoring. 29060221 5 16 theme volume 799:804 arg1 monitoring 806:815 more accurate volume monitoring 785:815 more accurate volume monitoring 785:815 Because Young's modulus of this composite is comparable to that of the bladder wall, the effect of mechanical loading of the sensor on the bladder movement is minimized which allows more accurate volume monitoring. 29060221 7 17 theme sensor 1138:1143 arg1 change 1124:1129 the impedance change 1110:1129 the impedance change of the sensor 1110:1143 Lastly, we successfully demonstrate the functionality of the multi-level resistor ladder sensor as a bladder volume sensor by attaching the sensor on the pig's bladder and observing the impedance change of the sensor. 29060221 2 18 theme volume 270:275 arg1 sensor 277:282 an implantable bladder volume sensor 247:282 an implantable bladder volume sensor with a multi-level resistor ladder which estimates the bladder volume through discrete resistance values 247:387 Here, we report an implantable bladder volume sensor with a multi-level resistor ladder which estimates the bladder volume through discrete resistance values. 29060221 3 19 theme long-term 453:461 arg1 drift 463:467 the long-term drift 449:467 the long-term drift 449:467 Discretization allows the sensor output to be resilient to the long-term drift, hysteresis, and degradation of the sensor materials. 29060221 0 20 theme bladder 12:18 arg1 sensor 27:32 Implantable bladder volume sensor 0:32 Implantable bladder volume sensor 0:32 Implantable bladder volume sensor based on resistor ladder network composed of conductive hydrogel composite. 29060221 4 21 theme hydrogel 583:590 arg1 composite 592:600 biocompatible polypyrrole/agarose hydrogel composite 549:600 biocompatible polypyrrole/agarose hydrogel composite 549:600 Our sensor is composed of biocompatible polypyrrole/agarose hydrogel composite. 29060221 6 22 dep patterning 842:851 arg1 the 838:840 the 838:840 the 838:840 We also demonstrate the patterning and molding capability of this material by fabrication various structures. 29060221 0 23 theme Implantable 0:10 arg1 sensor 27:32 Implantable bladder volume sensor 0:32 Implantable bladder volume sensor 0:32 Implantable bladder volume sensor based on resistor ladder network composed of conductive hydrogel composite. 29060221 4 24 theme polypyrrole/agarose 563:581 arg1 composite 592:600 biocompatible polypyrrole/agarose hydrogel composite 549:600 biocompatible polypyrrole/agarose hydrogel composite 549:600 Our sensor is composed of biocompatible polypyrrole/agarose hydrogel composite. 29060221 5 25 theme Young 611:615 arg1 modulus 619:625 Young's modulus 611:625 Young's modulus of this composite 611:643 Because Young's modulus of this composite is comparable to that of the bladder wall, the effect of mechanical loading of the sensor on the bladder movement is minimized which allows more accurate volume monitoring. 29060221 4 26 theme biocompatible 549:561 arg1 composite 592:600 biocompatible polypyrrole/agarose hydrogel composite 549:600 biocompatible polypyrrole/agarose hydrogel composite 549:600 Our sensor is composed of biocompatible polypyrrole/agarose hydrogel composite. 29060221 5 27 theme mechanical 702:711 arg1 loading 713:719 mechanical loading 702:719 mechanical loading of the sensor 702:733 Because Young's modulus of this composite is comparable to that of the bladder wall, the effect of mechanical loading of the sensor on the bladder movement is minimized which allows more accurate volume monitoring. 29060221 2 28 theme resistor 303:310 arg1 ladder 312:317 a multi-level resistor ladder 289:317 a multi-level resistor ladder which estimates the bladder volume through discrete resistance values 289:387 Here, we report an implantable bladder volume sensor with a multi-level resistor ladder which estimates the bladder volume through discrete resistance values. 29060221 0 29 theme volume 20:25 arg1 sensor 27:32 Implantable bladder volume sensor 0:32 Implantable bladder volume sensor 0:32 Implantable bladder volume sensor based on resistor ladder network composed of conductive hydrogel composite. 29060221 5 30 theme loading 713:719 arg1 effect 692:697 the effect 688:697 the effect of mechanical loading of the sensor on the bladder movement 688:757 Because Young's modulus of this composite is comparable to that of the bladder wall, the effect of mechanical loading of the sensor on the bladder movement is minimized which allows more accurate volume monitoring. 29060221 2 31 theme multi-level 291:301 arg1 ladder 312:317 a multi-level resistor ladder 289:317 a multi-level resistor ladder which estimates the bladder volume through discrete resistance values 289:387 Here, we report an implantable bladder volume sensor with a multi-level resistor ladder which estimates the bladder volume through discrete resistance values. 29060221 2 32 theme bladder 339:345 arg1 volume 347:352 the bladder volume 335:352 the bladder volume 335:352 Here, we report an implantable bladder volume sensor with a multi-level resistor ladder which estimates the bladder volume through discrete resistance values. 29060221 1 33 theme urological 209:218 arg1 disorders 220:228 urological disorders 209:228 urological disorders 209:228 An accurate bladder volume monitoring system is a critical component in diagnosis and treatment of urological disorders. 29060221 7 34 theme volume 1037:1042 arg1 functionality 968:980 the functionality 964:980 the functionality of the multi-level resistor ladder sensor 964:1022 Lastly, we successfully demonstrate the functionality of the multi-level resistor ladder sensor as a bladder volume sensor by attaching the sensor on the pig's bladder and observing the impedance change of the sensor. 29060221 7 34 theme volume 1037:1042 arg1 sensor 1044:1049 a bladder volume sensor 1027:1049 a bladder volume sensor 1027:1049 Lastly, we successfully demonstrate the functionality of the multi-level resistor ladder sensor as a bladder volume sensor by attaching the sensor on the pig's bladder and observing the impedance change of the sensor. 29060221 1 35 theme disorders 220:228 arg1 diagnosis 182:190 diagnosis 182:190 diagnosis 182:190 An accurate bladder volume monitoring system is a critical component in diagnosis and treatment of urological disorders. 29060221 1 35 theme disorders 220:228 arg1 treatment 196:204 treatment 196:204 treatment 196:204 An accurate bladder volume monitoring system is a critical component in diagnosis and treatment of urological disorders. 29060221 0 36 theme ladder 52:57 arg1 network 59:65 resistor ladder network 43:65 resistor ladder network composed of conductive hydrogel composite 43:107 Implantable bladder volume sensor based on resistor ladder network composed of conductive hydrogel composite. 29060221 6 37 theme molding 857:863 arg1 capability 865:874 molding capability 857:874 molding capability 857:874 We also demonstrate the patterning and molding capability of this material by fabrication various structures. 29060221 1 38 theme accurate 113:120 arg1 component 169:177 a critical component 158:177 a critical component in diagnosis and treatment of urological disorders 158:228 An accurate bladder volume monitoring system is a critical component in diagnosis and treatment of urological disorders. 29060221 1 38 theme accurate 113:120 arg1 system 148:153 An accurate bladder volume monitoring system 110:153 An accurate bladder volume monitoring system 110:153 An accurate bladder volume monitoring system is a critical component in diagnosis and treatment of urological disorders. 29060221 0 39 theme resistor 43:50 arg1 network 59:65 resistor ladder network 43:65 resistor ladder network composed of conductive hydrogel composite 43:107 Implantable bladder volume sensor based on resistor ladder network composed of conductive hydrogel composite. 29060221 3 40 theme materials 512:520 arg1 hysteresis 470:479 hysteresis 470:479 hysteresis 470:479 Discretization allows the sensor output to be resilient to the long-term drift, hysteresis, and degradation of the sensor materials. 29060221 3 40 theme materials 512:520 arg1 degradation 486:496 degradation 486:496 degradation 486:496 Discretization allows the sensor output to be resilient to the long-term drift, hysteresis, and degradation of the sensor materials. 29060221 3 40 theme materials 512:520 arg1 drift 463:467 the long-term drift 449:467 the long-term drift 449:467 Discretization allows the sensor output to be resilient to the long-term drift, hysteresis, and degradation of the sensor materials. 29060221 1 41 theme bladder 122:128 arg1 component 169:177 a critical component 158:177 a critical component in diagnosis and treatment of urological disorders 158:228 An accurate bladder volume monitoring system is a critical component in diagnosis and treatment of urological disorders. 29060221 1 41 theme bladder 122:128 arg1 system 148:153 An accurate bladder volume monitoring system 110:153 An accurate bladder volume monitoring system 110:153 An accurate bladder volume monitoring system is a critical component in diagnosis and treatment of urological disorders. 29060221 2 42 theme bladder 262:268 arg1 sensor 277:282 an implantable bladder volume sensor 247:282 an implantable bladder volume sensor with a multi-level resistor ladder which estimates the bladder volume through discrete resistance values 247:387 Here, we report an implantable bladder volume sensor with a multi-level resistor ladder which estimates the bladder volume through discrete resistance values. 29060221 7 43 theme bladder 1029:1035 arg1 functionality 968:980 the functionality 964:980 the functionality of the multi-level resistor ladder sensor 964:1022 Lastly, we successfully demonstrate the functionality of the multi-level resistor ladder sensor as a bladder volume sensor by attaching the sensor on the pig's bladder and observing the impedance change of the sensor. 29060221 7 43 theme bladder 1029:1035 arg1 sensor 1044:1049 a bladder volume sensor 1027:1049 a bladder volume sensor 1027:1049 Lastly, we successfully demonstrate the functionality of the multi-level resistor ladder sensor as a bladder volume sensor by attaching the sensor on the pig's bladder and observing the impedance change of the sensor. 29060221 1 44 theme volume 130:135 arg1 component 169:177 a critical component 158:177 a critical component in diagnosis and treatment of urological disorders 158:228 An accurate bladder volume monitoring system is a critical component in diagnosis and treatment of urological disorders. 29060221 1 44 theme volume 130:135 arg1 system 148:153 An accurate bladder volume monitoring system 110:153 An accurate bladder volume monitoring system 110:153 An accurate bladder volume monitoring system is a critical component in diagnosis and treatment of urological disorders. 29060221 5 45 from effect 692:697 arg1 movement 750:757 the bladder movement 738:757 the bladder movement 738:757 Because Young's modulus of this composite is comparable to that of the bladder wall, the effect of mechanical loading of the sensor on the bladder movement is minimized which allows more accurate volume monitoring. 29060221 2 46 with sensor 277:282 arg1 ladder 312:317 a multi-level resistor ladder 289:317 a multi-level resistor ladder which estimates the bladder volume through discrete resistance values 289:387 Here, we report an implantable bladder volume sensor with a multi-level resistor ladder which estimates the bladder volume through discrete resistance values. 29060221 2 47 theme implantable 250:260 arg1 sensor 277:282 an implantable bladder volume sensor 247:282 an implantable bladder volume sensor with a multi-level resistor ladder which estimates the bladder volume through discrete resistance values 247:387 Here, we report an implantable bladder volume sensor with a multi-level resistor ladder which estimates the bladder volume through discrete resistance values. 29060221 7 48 theme impedance 1114:1122 arg1 change 1124:1129 the impedance change 1110:1129 the impedance change of the sensor 1110:1143 Lastly, we successfully demonstrate the functionality of the multi-level resistor ladder sensor as a bladder volume sensor by attaching the sensor on the pig's bladder and observing the impedance change of the sensor. 29060221 1 49 theme monitoring 137:146 arg1 component 169:177 a critical component 158:177 a critical component in diagnosis and treatment of urological disorders 158:228 An accurate bladder volume monitoring system is a critical component in diagnosis and treatment of urological disorders. 29060221 1 49 theme monitoring 137:146 arg1 system 148:153 An accurate bladder volume monitoring system 110:153 An accurate bladder volume monitoring system 110:153 An accurate bladder volume monitoring system is a critical component in diagnosis and treatment of urological disorders. 29060221 7 50 theme resistor 1001:1008 arg1 sensor 1017:1022 the multi-level resistor ladder sensor 985:1022 the multi-level resistor ladder sensor 985:1022 Lastly, we successfully demonstrate the functionality of the multi-level resistor ladder sensor as a bladder volume sensor by attaching the sensor on the pig's bladder and observing the impedance change of the sensor. 29060221 3 51 theme sensor 416:421 arg1 output 423:428 the sensor output 412:428 the sensor output 412:428 Discretization allows the sensor output to be resilient to the long-term drift, hysteresis, and degradation of the sensor materials. 29060221 3 51 theme sensor 416:421 arg1 resilient 436:444 resilient 436:444 resilient 436:444 Discretization allows the sensor output to be resilient to the long-term drift, hysteresis, and degradation of the sensor materials. 29060221 1 52 from component 169:177 arg1 diagnosis 182:190 diagnosis 182:190 diagnosis 182:190 An accurate bladder volume monitoring system is a critical component in diagnosis and treatment of urological disorders. 29060221 1 52 from component 169:177 arg1 treatment 196:204 treatment 196:204 treatment 196:204 An accurate bladder volume monitoring system is a critical component in diagnosis and treatment of urological disorders. 29060221 2 53 theme resistance 371:380 arg1 values 382:387 discrete resistance values 362:387 discrete resistance values 362:387 Here, we report an implantable bladder volume sensor with a multi-level resistor ladder which estimates the bladder volume through discrete resistance values. 29060221 7 54 from sensor 1068:1073 arg1 bladder 1088:1094 the pig's bladder 1078:1094 the pig's bladder 1078:1094 Lastly, we successfully demonstrate the functionality of the multi-level resistor ladder sensor as a bladder volume sensor by attaching the sensor on the pig's bladder and observing the impedance change of the sensor. 28102016 4 0 theme % 790:790 arg1 RH 792:793 75% RH 788:793 75% RH 788:793 At 75% RH, the presence of Al and Ns in the gelatin matrix increased the film strength but decreased its elongation, while Ap exhibited an inverse effect. 28102016 6 1 theme water 1106:1110 arg1 permeability 1118:1129 the water vapor permeability 1102:1129 the water vapor permeability of the film at 90% RH, especially Ns starch 1102:1173 All starches, notably at 30% content, led to a decrease in the water vapor permeability of the film at 90% RH, especially Ns starch. 28102016 1 2 theme resulting 373:381 arg1 properties 388:397 the resulting film properties 369:397 the resulting film properties 369:397 BACKGROUND In order to obtain new reinforcing bio-fillers to improve the physicochemical properties of gelatin-based films, three types of maize starch, waxy maize starch (Ap), normal starch (Ns) and high-amylose starch (Al), were incorporated into gelatin film and the resulting film properties were investigated, focusing on the impact of amylose content. 28102016 6 3 theme vapor 1112:1116 arg1 permeability 1118:1129 the water vapor permeability 1102:1129 the water vapor permeability of the film at 90% RH, especially Ns starch 1102:1173 All starches, notably at 30% content, led to a decrease in the water vapor permeability of the film at 90% RH, especially Ns starch. 28102016 1 4 theme maize 261:265 arg1 Ap 275:276 waxy maize starch (Ap) 256:277 waxy maize starch (Ap) 256:277 BACKGROUND In order to obtain new reinforcing bio-fillers to improve the physicochemical properties of gelatin-based films, three types of maize starch, waxy maize starch (Ap), normal starch (Ns) and high-amylose starch (Al), were incorporated into gelatin film and the resulting film properties were investigated, focusing on the impact of amylose content. 28102016 1 4 theme maize 261:265 arg1 starch 248:253 maize starch 242:253 maize starch 242:253 BACKGROUND In order to obtain new reinforcing bio-fillers to improve the physicochemical properties of gelatin-based films, three types of maize starch, waxy maize starch (Ap), normal starch (Ns) and high-amylose starch (Al), were incorporated into gelatin film and the resulting film properties were investigated, focusing on the impact of amylose content. 28102016 3 5 theme mechanical 643:652 arg1 properties 654:663 the mechanical properties 639:663 the mechanical properties of gelatin film 639:679 The effects of the three starches on the mechanical properties of gelatin film were governed by amylose content, starch concentration as well as environmental relative humidity (RH). 28102016 10 6 theme gelatin 1563:1569 arg1 film 1571:1574 gelatin film 1563:1574 gelatin film 1563:1574 CONCLUSION Tailoring the properties of gelatin film by the incorporation of different types of maize starch provides the potential to extend its applications in edible food packaging. 28102016 10 7 theme different 1600:1608 arg1 types 1610:1614 different types 1600:1614 different types of maize starch 1600:1630 CONCLUSION Tailoring the properties of gelatin film by the incorporation of different types of maize starch provides the potential to extend its applications in edible food packaging. 28102016 9 8 theme starch 1462:1467 arg1 crystallinity 1445:1457 B-type crystallinity 1438:1457 B-type crystallinity of starch 1438:1467 Moreover, a high degree of B-type crystallinity of starch was characterized in Gel-Al film by X-ray diffraction. 28102016 4 9 theme Ns 819:820 arg1 presence 800:807 the presence 796:807 the presence of Al and Ns in the gelatin matrix 796:842 At 75% RH, the presence of Al and Ns in the gelatin matrix increased the film strength but decreased its elongation, while Ap exhibited an inverse effect. 28102016 3 10 theme film 676:679 arg1 properties 654:663 the mechanical properties 639:663 the mechanical properties of gelatin film 639:679 The effects of the three starches on the mechanical properties of gelatin film were governed by amylose content, starch concentration as well as environmental relative humidity (RH). 28102016 6 11 theme % 1148:1148 arg1 RH 1150:1151 90% RH 1146:1151 90% RH 1146:1151 All starches, notably at 30% content, led to a decrease in the water vapor permeability of the film at 90% RH, especially Ns starch. 28102016 1 12 theme gelatin-based 206:218 arg1 films 220:224 gelatin-based films 206:224 gelatin-based films 206:224 BACKGROUND In order to obtain new reinforcing bio-fillers to improve the physicochemical properties of gelatin-based films, three types of maize starch, waxy maize starch (Ap), normal starch (Ns) and high-amylose starch (Al), were incorporated into gelatin film and the resulting film properties were investigated, focusing on the impact of amylose content. 28102016 5 13 theme oxygen 970:975 arg1 permeability 977:988 the oxygen permeability 966:988 the oxygen permeability of the film 966:1000 Starch addition decreased the oxygen permeability of the film, with the lowest value at 20% Al and Ns. 28102016 10 14 theme starch 1625:1630 arg1 types 1610:1614 different types 1600:1614 different types of maize starch 1600:1630 CONCLUSION Tailoring the properties of gelatin film by the incorporation of different types of maize starch provides the potential to extend its applications in edible food packaging. 28102016 2 15 theme film 517:520 arg1 opacity 484:490 opacity 484:490 opacity 484:490 RESULTS The thickness, opacity and roughness of gelatin film increased depending on the amylose content along with the starch concentration. 28102016 2 15 theme film 517:520 arg1 thickness 473:481 thickness 473:481 thickness 473:481 RESULTS The thickness, opacity and roughness of gelatin film increased depending on the amylose content along with the starch concentration. 28102016 2 15 theme film 517:520 arg1 roughness 496:504 roughness 496:504 roughness 496:504 RESULTS The thickness, opacity and roughness of gelatin film increased depending on the amylose content along with the starch concentration. 28102016 6 16 theme % 1070:1070 arg1 content 1072:1078 30% content 1068:1078 30% content 1068:1078 All starches, notably at 30% content, led to a decrease in the water vapor permeability of the film at 90% RH, especially Ns starch. 28102016 3 17 theme amylose 698:704 arg1 content 706:712 amylose content 698:712 amylose content 698:712 The effects of the three starches on the mechanical properties of gelatin film were governed by amylose content, starch concentration as well as environmental relative humidity (RH). 28102016 1 18 theme gelatin 352:358 arg1 film 360:363 gelatin film 352:363 gelatin film 352:363 BACKGROUND In order to obtain new reinforcing bio-fillers to improve the physicochemical properties of gelatin-based films, three types of maize starch, waxy maize starch (Ap), normal starch (Ns) and high-amylose starch (Al), were incorporated into gelatin film and the resulting film properties were investigated, focusing on the impact of amylose content. 28102016 4 19 theme Al 812:813 arg1 presence 800:807 the presence 796:807 the presence of Al and Ns in the gelatin matrix 796:842 At 75% RH, the presence of Al and Ns in the gelatin matrix increased the film strength but decreased its elongation, while Ap exhibited an inverse effect. 28102016 4 20 from presence 800:807 arg1 matrix 837:842 the gelatin matrix 825:842 the gelatin matrix 825:842 At 75% RH, the presence of Al and Ns in the gelatin matrix increased the film strength but decreased its elongation, while Ap exhibited an inverse effect. 28102016 8 21 theme infrared 1279:1286 arg1 spectra 1288:1294 infrared spectra 1279:1294 infrared spectra 1279:1294 Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated that some weak intermolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding occurred between gelatin and starch. 28102016 6 22 from content 1072:1078 arg1 starches 1047:1054 All starches 1043:1054 All starches 1043:1054 All starches, notably at 30% content, led to a decrease in the water vapor permeability of the film at 90% RH, especially Ns starch. 28102016 6 23 from decrease 1090:1097 arg1 permeability 1118:1129 the water vapor permeability 1102:1129 the water vapor permeability of the film at 90% RH, especially Ns starch 1102:1173 All starches, notably at 30% content, led to a decrease in the water vapor permeability of the film at 90% RH, especially Ns starch. 28102016 1 24 theme reinforcing 137:147 arg1 bio-fillers 149:159 new reinforcing bio-fillers 133:159 new reinforcing bio-fillers 133:159 BACKGROUND In order to obtain new reinforcing bio-fillers to improve the physicochemical properties of gelatin-based films, three types of maize starch, waxy maize starch (Ap), normal starch (Ns) and high-amylose starch (Al), were incorporated into gelatin film and the resulting film properties were investigated, focusing on the impact of amylose content. 28102016 5 25 theme lowest 1012:1017 arg1 value 1019:1023 the lowest value 1008:1023 the lowest value at 20% Al 1008:1033 Starch addition decreased the oxygen permeability of the film, with the lowest value at 20% Al and Ns. 28102016 5 26 theme Starch 940:945 arg1 addition 947:954 Starch addition 940:954 Starch addition 940:954 Starch addition decreased the oxygen permeability of the film, with the lowest value at 20% Al and Ns. 28102016 3 27 theme environmental 747:759 arg1 RH 780:781 RH 780:781 RH 780:781 The effects of the three starches on the mechanical properties of gelatin film were governed by amylose content, starch concentration as well as environmental relative humidity (RH). 28102016 3 27 theme environmental 747:759 arg1 humidity 770:777 environmental relative humidity 747:777 environmental relative humidity (RH) 747:782 The effects of the three starches on the mechanical properties of gelatin film were governed by amylose content, starch concentration as well as environmental relative humidity (RH). 28102016 0 28 theme amylose 86:92 arg1 content 94:100 amylose content 86:100 amylose content 86:100 Mechanical and barrier properties of maize starch-gelatin composite films: effects of amylose content. 28102016 8 29 theme intermolecular 1321:1334 arg1 interactions 1336:1347 some weak intermolecular interactions 1311:1347 some weak intermolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding 1311:1372 Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated that some weak intermolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding occurred between gelatin and starch. 28102016 8 29 theme intermolecular 1321:1334 arg1 bonding 1366:1372 hydrogen bonding 1357:1372 hydrogen bonding 1357:1372 Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated that some weak intermolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding occurred between gelatin and starch. 28102016 5 30 theme film 997:1000 arg1 permeability 977:988 the oxygen permeability 966:988 the oxygen permeability of the film 966:1000 Starch addition decreased the oxygen permeability of the film, with the lowest value at 20% Al and Ns. 28102016 0 31 theme Mechanical 0:9 arg1 properties 23:32 Mechanical and barrier properties 0:32 properties 23:32 Mechanical and barrier properties of maize starch-gelatin composite films: effects of amylose content. 28102016 1 32 theme starch 267:272 arg1 Ap 275:276 waxy maize starch (Ap) 256:277 waxy maize starch (Ap) 256:277 BACKGROUND In order to obtain new reinforcing bio-fillers to improve the physicochemical properties of gelatin-based films, three types of maize starch, waxy maize starch (Ap), normal starch (Ns) and high-amylose starch (Al), were incorporated into gelatin film and the resulting film properties were investigated, focusing on the impact of amylose content. 28102016 1 32 theme starch 267:272 arg1 starch 248:253 maize starch 242:253 maize starch 242:253 BACKGROUND In order to obtain new reinforcing bio-fillers to improve the physicochemical properties of gelatin-based films, three types of maize starch, waxy maize starch (Ap), normal starch (Ns) and high-amylose starch (Al), were incorporated into gelatin film and the resulting film properties were investigated, focusing on the impact of amylose content. 28102016 4 33 theme inverse 924:930 arg1 effect 932:937 an inverse effect 921:937 an inverse effect 921:937 At 75% RH, the presence of Al and Ns in the gelatin matrix increased the film strength but decreased its elongation, while Ap exhibited an inverse effect. 28102016 8 34 theme hydrogen 1357:1364 arg1 bonding 1366:1372 hydrogen bonding 1357:1372 hydrogen bonding 1357:1372 Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated that some weak intermolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding occurred between gelatin and starch. 28102016 0 35 theme barrier 15:21 arg1 properties 23:32 Mechanical and barrier properties 0:32 properties 23:32 Mechanical and barrier properties of maize starch-gelatin composite films: effects of amylose content. 28102016 6 36 from RH 1150:1151 arg1 permeability 1118:1129 the water vapor permeability 1102:1129 the water vapor permeability of the film at 90% RH, especially Ns starch 1102:1173 All starches, notably at 30% content, led to a decrease in the water vapor permeability of the film at 90% RH, especially Ns starch. 28102016 6 36 from RH 1150:1151 arg1 film 1138:1141 the film 1134:1141 the film at 90% RH 1134:1151 All starches, notably at 30% content, led to a decrease in the water vapor permeability of the film at 90% RH, especially Ns starch. 28102016 6 36 from RH 1150:1151 arg1 starch 1168:1173 Ns starch 1165:1173 Ns starch 1165:1173 All starches, notably at 30% content, led to a decrease in the water vapor permeability of the film at 90% RH, especially Ns starch. 28102016 2 37 dep RESULTS 461:467 arg1 increased 522:530 increased 522:530 increased depending on the amylose content along with the starch concentration 522:599 RESULTS The thickness, opacity and roughness of gelatin film increased depending on the amylose content along with the starch concentration. 28102016 0 38 theme films 68:72 arg1 properties 23:32 Mechanical and barrier properties 0:32 properties 23:32 Mechanical and barrier properties of maize starch-gelatin composite films: effects of amylose content. 28102016 0 39 theme starch-gelatin 43:56 arg1 films 68:72 maize starch-gelatin composite films 37:72 maize starch-gelatin composite films 37:72 Mechanical and barrier properties of maize starch-gelatin composite films: effects of amylose content. 28102016 9 40 theme high 1423:1426 arg1 degree 1428:1433 a high degree 1421:1433 a high degree of B-type crystallinity of starch 1421:1467 Moreover, a high degree of B-type crystallinity of starch was characterized in Gel-Al film by X-ray diffraction. 28102016 1 41 theme amylose 444:450 arg1 content 452:458 amylose content 444:458 amylose content 444:458 BACKGROUND In order to obtain new reinforcing bio-fillers to improve the physicochemical properties of gelatin-based films, three types of maize starch, waxy maize starch (Ap), normal starch (Ns) and high-amylose starch (Al), were incorporated into gelatin film and the resulting film properties were investigated, focusing on the impact of amylose content. 28102016 10 42 theme food 1692:1695 arg1 packaging 1697:1705 edible food packaging 1685:1705 edible food packaging 1685:1705 CONCLUSION Tailoring the properties of gelatin film by the incorporation of different types of maize starch provides the potential to extend its applications in edible food packaging. 28102016 9 43 theme crystallinity 1445:1457 arg1 degree 1428:1433 a high degree 1421:1433 a high degree of B-type crystallinity of starch 1421:1467 Moreover, a high degree of B-type crystallinity of starch was characterized in Gel-Al film by X-ray diffraction. 28102016 6 44 from permeability 1118:1129 arg1 RH 1150:1151 90% RH 1146:1151 90% RH 1146:1151 All starches, notably at 30% content, led to a decrease in the water vapor permeability of the film at 90% RH, especially Ns starch. 28102016 5 45 from % 1030:1030 arg1 Ns 1039:1040 Ns 1039:1040 Ns 1039:1040 Starch addition decreased the oxygen permeability of the film, with the lowest value at 20% Al and Ns. 28102016 5 45 from % 1030:1030 arg1 value 1019:1023 the lowest value 1008:1023 the lowest value at 20% Al 1008:1033 Starch addition decreased the oxygen permeability of the film, with the lowest value at 20% Al and Ns. 28102016 1 46 theme starch 248:253 arg1 types 233:237 three types 227:237 three types of maize starch, waxy maize starch (Ap), normal starch (Ns) and high-amylose starch (Al), 227:327 BACKGROUND In order to obtain new reinforcing bio-fillers to improve the physicochemical properties of gelatin-based films, three types of maize starch, waxy maize starch (Ap), normal starch (Ns) and high-amylose starch (Al), were incorporated into gelatin film and the resulting film properties were investigated, focusing on the impact of amylose content. 28102016 4 47 theme 75 788:789 arg1 % 790:790 % 790:790 % 790:790 At 75% RH, the presence of Al and Ns in the gelatin matrix increased the film strength but decreased its elongation, while Ap exhibited an inverse effect. 28102016 3 48 theme starches 627:634 arg1 effects 606:612 The effects 602:612 The effects of the three starches on the mechanical properties of gelatin film 602:679 The effects of the three starches on the mechanical properties of gelatin film were governed by amylose content, starch concentration as well as environmental relative humidity (RH). 28102016 1 49 theme film 383:386 arg1 properties 388:397 the resulting film properties 369:397 the resulting film properties 369:397 BACKGROUND In order to obtain new reinforcing bio-fillers to improve the physicochemical properties of gelatin-based films, three types of maize starch, waxy maize starch (Ap), normal starch (Ns) and high-amylose starch (Al), were incorporated into gelatin film and the resulting film properties were investigated, focusing on the impact of amylose content. 28102016 1 50 theme waxy 256:259 arg1 Ap 275:276 waxy maize starch (Ap) 256:277 waxy maize starch (Ap) 256:277 BACKGROUND In order to obtain new reinforcing bio-fillers to improve the physicochemical properties of gelatin-based films, three types of maize starch, waxy maize starch (Ap), normal starch (Ns) and high-amylose starch (Al), were incorporated into gelatin film and the resulting film properties were investigated, focusing on the impact of amylose content. 28102016 1 50 theme waxy 256:259 arg1 starch 248:253 maize starch 242:253 maize starch 242:253 BACKGROUND In order to obtain new reinforcing bio-fillers to improve the physicochemical properties of gelatin-based films, three types of maize starch, waxy maize starch (Ap), normal starch (Ns) and high-amylose starch (Al), were incorporated into gelatin film and the resulting film properties were investigated, focusing on the impact of amylose content. 28102016 2 51 dep thickness 473:481 arg1 The 469:471 The 469:471 The 469:471 RESULTS The thickness, opacity and roughness of gelatin film increased depending on the amylose content along with the starch concentration. 28102016 7 52 theme film 1240:1243 arg1 stability 1223:1231 the thermal stability 1211:1231 the thermal stability of the film to some extent 1211:1258 Furthermore, the starches improved the thermal stability of the film to some extent. 28102016 3 53 theme gelatin 668:674 arg1 film 676:679 gelatin film 668:679 gelatin film 668:679 The effects of the three starches on the mechanical properties of gelatin film were governed by amylose content, starch concentration as well as environmental relative humidity (RH). 28102016 10 54 theme film 1571:1574 arg1 properties 1549:1558 the properties 1545:1558 the properties of gelatin film 1545:1574 CONCLUSION Tailoring the properties of gelatin film by the incorporation of different types of maize starch provides the potential to extend its applications in edible food packaging. 28102016 9 55 theme Gel-Al 1490:1495 arg1 film 1497:1500 Gel-Al film 1490:1500 Gel-Al film 1490:1500 Moreover, a high degree of B-type crystallinity of starch was characterized in Gel-Al film by X-ray diffraction. 28102016 10 56 theme types 1610:1614 arg1 incorporation 1583:1595 the incorporation 1579:1595 the incorporation of different types of maize starch 1579:1630 CONCLUSION Tailoring the properties of gelatin film by the incorporation of different types of maize starch provides the potential to extend its applications in edible food packaging. 28102016 1 57 theme physicochemical 176:190 arg1 properties 192:201 the physicochemical properties 172:201 the physicochemical properties of gelatin-based films 172:224 BACKGROUND In order to obtain new reinforcing bio-fillers to improve the physicochemical properties of gelatin-based films, three types of maize starch, waxy maize starch (Ap), normal starch (Ns) and high-amylose starch (Al), were incorporated into gelatin film and the resulting film properties were investigated, focusing on the impact of amylose content. 28102016 2 58 theme amylose 549:555 arg1 content 557:563 the amylose content 545:563 the amylose content along with the starch concentration 545:599 RESULTS The thickness, opacity and roughness of gelatin film increased depending on the amylose content along with the starch concentration. 28102016 7 59 theme thermal 1215:1221 arg1 stability 1223:1231 the thermal stability 1211:1231 the thermal stability of the film to some extent 1211:1258 Furthermore, the starches improved the thermal stability of the film to some extent. 28102016 6 60 theme 90 1146:1147 arg1 % 1148:1148 % 1148:1148 % 1148:1148 All starches, notably at 30% content, led to a decrease in the water vapor permeability of the film at 90% RH, especially Ns starch. 28102016 1 61 theme films 220:224 arg1 properties 192:201 the physicochemical properties 172:201 the physicochemical properties of gelatin-based films 172:224 BACKGROUND In order to obtain new reinforcing bio-fillers to improve the physicochemical properties of gelatin-based films, three types of maize starch, waxy maize starch (Ap), normal starch (Ns) and high-amylose starch (Al), were incorporated into gelatin film and the resulting film properties were investigated, focusing on the impact of amylose content. 28102016 3 62 theme starch 715:720 arg1 concentration 722:734 starch concentration 715:734 starch concentration 715:734 The effects of the three starches on the mechanical properties of gelatin film were governed by amylose content, starch concentration as well as environmental relative humidity (RH). 28102016 6 63 theme film 1138:1141 arg1 permeability 1118:1129 the water vapor permeability 1102:1129 the water vapor permeability of the film at 90% RH, especially Ns starch 1102:1173 All starches, notably at 30% content, led to a decrease in the water vapor permeability of the film at 90% RH, especially Ns starch. 28102016 10 64 theme maize 1619:1623 arg1 starch 1625:1630 maize starch 1619:1630 maize starch 1619:1630 CONCLUSION Tailoring the properties of gelatin film by the incorporation of different types of maize starch provides the potential to extend its applications in edible food packaging. 28102016 2 65 theme gelatin 509:515 arg1 film 517:520 gelatin film 509:520 gelatin film 509:520 RESULTS The thickness, opacity and roughness of gelatin film increased depending on the amylose content along with the starch concentration. 28102016 6 66 theme 30 1068:1069 arg1 % 1070:1070 % 1070:1070 % 1070:1070 All starches, notably at 30% content, led to a decrease in the water vapor permeability of the film at 90% RH, especially Ns starch. 28102016 1 67 theme new 133:135 arg1 bio-fillers 149:159 new reinforcing bio-fillers 133:159 new reinforcing bio-fillers 133:159 BACKGROUND In order to obtain new reinforcing bio-fillers to improve the physicochemical properties of gelatin-based films, three types of maize starch, waxy maize starch (Ap), normal starch (Ns) and high-amylose starch (Al), were incorporated into gelatin film and the resulting film properties were investigated, focusing on the impact of amylose content. 28102016 4 68 theme film 858:861 arg1 strength 863:870 the film strength 854:870 the film strength 854:870 At 75% RH, the presence of Al and Ns in the gelatin matrix increased the film strength but decreased its elongation, while Ap exhibited an inverse effect. 28102016 6 69 theme Ns 1165:1166 arg1 film 1138:1141 the film 1134:1141 the film at 90% RH 1134:1151 All starches, notably at 30% content, led to a decrease in the water vapor permeability of the film at 90% RH, especially Ns starch. 28102016 6 69 theme Ns 1165:1166 arg1 starch 1168:1173 Ns starch 1165:1173 Ns starch 1165:1173 All starches, notably at 30% content, led to a decrease in the water vapor permeability of the film at 90% RH, especially Ns starch. 28102016 8 70 theme weak 1316:1319 arg1 interactions 1336:1347 some weak intermolecular interactions 1311:1347 some weak intermolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding 1311:1372 Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated that some weak intermolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding occurred between gelatin and starch. 28102016 8 70 theme weak 1316:1319 arg1 bonding 1366:1372 hydrogen bonding 1357:1372 hydrogen bonding 1357:1372 Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated that some weak intermolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding occurred between gelatin and starch. 28102016 0 71 theme content 94:100 arg1 effects 75:81 effects 75:81 Mechanical and barrier properties of maize starch-gelatin composite films: effects of amylose content. 0:101 Mechanical and barrier properties of maize starch-gelatin composite films: effects of amylose content. 28102016 1 72 theme high-amylose 303:314 arg1 starch 248:253 maize starch 242:253 maize starch 242:253 BACKGROUND In order to obtain new reinforcing bio-fillers to improve the physicochemical properties of gelatin-based films, three types of maize starch, waxy maize starch (Ap), normal starch (Ns) and high-amylose starch (Al), were incorporated into gelatin film and the resulting film properties were investigated, focusing on the impact of amylose content. 28102016 1 72 theme high-amylose 303:314 arg1 starch 316:321 high-amylose starch 303:321 high-amylose starch 303:321 BACKGROUND In order to obtain new reinforcing bio-fillers to improve the physicochemical properties of gelatin-based films, three types of maize starch, waxy maize starch (Ap), normal starch (Ns) and high-amylose starch (Al), were incorporated into gelatin film and the resulting film properties were investigated, focusing on the impact of amylose content. 28102016 4 73 theme gelatin 829:835 arg1 matrix 837:842 the gelatin matrix 825:842 the gelatin matrix 825:842 At 75% RH, the presence of Al and Ns in the gelatin matrix increased the film strength but decreased its elongation, while Ap exhibited an inverse effect. 28102016 1 74 dep starch 287:292 arg1 Al 324:325 Al 324:325 Al 324:325 BACKGROUND In order to obtain new reinforcing bio-fillers to improve the physicochemical properties of gelatin-based films, three types of maize starch, waxy maize starch (Ap), normal starch (Ns) and high-amylose starch (Al), were incorporated into gelatin film and the resulting film properties were investigated, focusing on the impact of amylose content. 28102016 2 75 theme starch 580:585 arg1 concentration 587:599 the starch concentration 576:599 the starch concentration 576:599 RESULTS The thickness, opacity and roughness of gelatin film increased depending on the amylose content along with the starch concentration. 28102016 3 76 theme relative 761:768 arg1 RH 780:781 RH 780:781 RH 780:781 The effects of the three starches on the mechanical properties of gelatin film were governed by amylose content, starch concentration as well as environmental relative humidity (RH). 28102016 3 76 theme relative 761:768 arg1 humidity 770:777 environmental relative humidity 747:777 environmental relative humidity (RH) 747:782 The effects of the three starches on the mechanical properties of gelatin film were governed by amylose content, starch concentration as well as environmental relative humidity (RH). 28102016 11 77 theme Chemical 1726:1733 arg1 Industry 1735:1742 Chemical Industry 1726:1742 Chemical Industry 1726:1742 © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry. 28102016 4 78 attach presence 800:807 arg2 Ns 819:820 Ns 819:820 Ns 819:820 At 75% RH, the presence of Al and Ns in the gelatin matrix increased the film strength but decreased its elongation, while Ap exhibited an inverse effect. 28102016 4 78 attach presence 800:807 arg2 Al 812:813 Al 812:813 Al 812:813 At 75% RH, the presence of Al and Ns in the gelatin matrix increased the film strength but decreased its elongation, while Ap exhibited an inverse effect. 28102016 4 78 attach presence 800:807 arg1 matrix 837:842 the gelatin matrix 825:842 the gelatin matrix 825:842 At 75% RH, the presence of Al and Ns in the gelatin matrix increased the film strength but decreased its elongation, while Ap exhibited an inverse effect. 28102016 10 79 theme edible 1685:1690 arg1 packaging 1697:1705 edible food packaging 1685:1705 edible food packaging 1685:1705 CONCLUSION Tailoring the properties of gelatin film by the incorporation of different types of maize starch provides the potential to extend its applications in edible food packaging. 28102016 0 80 theme maize 37:41 arg1 films 68:72 maize starch-gelatin composite films 37:72 maize starch-gelatin composite films 37:72 Mechanical and barrier properties of maize starch-gelatin composite films: effects of amylose content. 28102016 8 81 dep Fourier 1261:1267 arg1 transform 1269:1277 transform 1269:1277 transform infrared spectra 1269:1294 Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated that some weak intermolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding occurred between gelatin and starch. 28102016 0 82 theme composite 58:66 arg1 films 68:72 maize starch-gelatin composite films 37:72 maize starch-gelatin composite films 37:72 Mechanical and barrier properties of maize starch-gelatin composite films: effects of amylose content. 28102016 1 83 theme normal 280:285 arg1 Ns 295:296 Ns 295:296 Ns 295:296 BACKGROUND In order to obtain new reinforcing bio-fillers to improve the physicochemical properties of gelatin-based films, three types of maize starch, waxy maize starch (Ap), normal starch (Ns) and high-amylose starch (Al), were incorporated into gelatin film and the resulting film properties were investigated, focusing on the impact of amylose content. 28102016 1 83 theme normal 280:285 arg1 starch 287:292 normal starch 280:292 normal starch (Ns) 280:297 BACKGROUND In order to obtain new reinforcing bio-fillers to improve the physicochemical properties of gelatin-based films, three types of maize starch, waxy maize starch (Ap), normal starch (Ns) and high-amylose starch (Al), were incorporated into gelatin film and the resulting film properties were investigated, focusing on the impact of amylose content. 28102016 1 83 theme normal 280:285 arg1 starch 248:253 maize starch 242:253 maize starch 242:253 BACKGROUND In order to obtain new reinforcing bio-fillers to improve the physicochemical properties of gelatin-based films, three types of maize starch, waxy maize starch (Ap), normal starch (Ns) and high-amylose starch (Al), were incorporated into gelatin film and the resulting film properties were investigated, focusing on the impact of amylose content. 28102016 9 84 theme X-ray 1505:1509 arg1 diffraction 1511:1521 X-ray diffraction 1505:1521 X-ray diffraction 1505:1521 Moreover, a high degree of B-type crystallinity of starch was characterized in Gel-Al film by X-ray diffraction. 28102016 0 85 dep properties 23:32 arg1 effects 75:81 effects 75:81 Mechanical and barrier properties of maize starch-gelatin composite films: effects of amylose content. 0:101 Mechanical and barrier properties of maize starch-gelatin composite films: effects of amylose content. 28102016 1 86 theme content 452:458 arg1 impact 434:439 the impact 430:439 the impact of amylose content 430:458 BACKGROUND In order to obtain new reinforcing bio-fillers to improve the physicochemical properties of gelatin-based films, three types of maize starch, waxy maize starch (Ap), normal starch (Ns) and high-amylose starch (Al), were incorporated into gelatin film and the resulting film properties were investigated, focusing on the impact of amylose content. 28102016 9 87 theme B-type 1438:1443 arg1 crystallinity 1445:1457 B-type crystallinity 1438:1457 B-type crystallinity of starch 1438:1467 Moreover, a high degree of B-type crystallinity of starch was characterized in Gel-Al film by X-ray diffraction. 28102016 3 88 from effects 606:612 arg1 properties 654:663 the mechanical properties 639:663 the mechanical properties of gelatin film 639:679 The effects of the three starches on the mechanical properties of gelatin film were governed by amylose content, starch concentration as well as environmental relative humidity (RH). 28102016 1 89 theme maize 242:246 arg1 Ap 275:276 waxy maize starch (Ap) 256:277 waxy maize starch (Ap) 256:277 BACKGROUND In order to obtain new reinforcing bio-fillers to improve the physicochemical properties of gelatin-based films, three types of maize starch, waxy maize starch (Ap), normal starch (Ns) and high-amylose starch (Al), were incorporated into gelatin film and the resulting film properties were investigated, focusing on the impact of amylose content. 28102016 1 89 theme maize 242:246 arg1 starch 287:292 normal starch 280:292 normal starch (Ns) 280:297 BACKGROUND In order to obtain new reinforcing bio-fillers to improve the physicochemical properties of gelatin-based films, three types of maize starch, waxy maize starch (Ap), normal starch (Ns) and high-amylose starch (Al), were incorporated into gelatin film and the resulting film properties were investigated, focusing on the impact of amylose content. 28102016 1 89 theme maize 242:246 arg1 starch 316:321 high-amylose starch 303:321 high-amylose starch 303:321 BACKGROUND In order to obtain new reinforcing bio-fillers to improve the physicochemical properties of gelatin-based films, three types of maize starch, waxy maize starch (Ap), normal starch (Ns) and high-amylose starch (Al), were incorporated into gelatin film and the resulting film properties were investigated, focusing on the impact of amylose content. 28102016 1 89 theme maize 242:246 arg1 starch 248:253 maize starch 242:253 maize starch 242:253 BACKGROUND In order to obtain new reinforcing bio-fillers to improve the physicochemical properties of gelatin-based films, three types of maize starch, waxy maize starch (Ap), normal starch (Ns) and high-amylose starch (Al), were incorporated into gelatin film and the resulting film properties were investigated, focusing on the impact of amylose content. 28035976 4 0 theme RP-HPLC-UV 866:875 arg1 procedure 877:885 a microcolumn RP-HPLC-UV procedure 852:885 a microcolumn RP-HPLC-UV procedure 852:885 Quantification of the main phenolic compounds in the decoctions of meadowsweet floral teas was performed by a microcolumn RP-HPLC-UV procedure; the highest content was revealed in F. stepposa tea. 28035976 9 1 theme bleaching 1690:1698 arg1 assay 1700:1704 the carotene bleaching assay 1677:1704 the carotene bleaching assay 1677:1704 Tea samples showed antioxidant properties by the DPPH•, ABTS•+ and Br• free radicals scavenging assays and the carotene bleaching assay, caused by the presence of highly active ellagitannins. 28035976 9 2 dep ABTS•+ 1626:1631 arg1 radicals 1646:1653 free radicals 1641:1653 free radicals 1641:1653 Tea samples showed antioxidant properties by the DPPH•, ABTS•+ and Br• free radicals scavenging assays and the carotene bleaching assay, caused by the presence of highly active ellagitannins. 28035976 7 3 with galacturonans 1413:1425 arg1 admixture 1369:1377 an admixture 1366:1377 an admixture of glucans of the starch type 1366:1407 Studies on the water soluble polysaccharides of Filipendula flowers allowed us to establish their general affiliation to galactans and/or arabinogalactans with an admixture of glucans of the starch type and galacturonans as minor components. 28035976 10 4 theme polysaccharide 1812:1825 arg1 fraction 1827:1834 the water-soluble polysaccharide fraction 1794:1834 the water-soluble polysaccharide fraction of meadowsweet teas 1794:1854 The anti-complement activity of the water-soluble polysaccharide fraction of meadowsweet teas indicated their possible immune-modulating properties. 28035976 12 5 theme health-promoting 2077:2092 arg1 products 2105:2112 health-promoting functional products 2077:2112 health-promoting functional products 2077:2112 Potential applications as health-promoting functional products may be suggested. 28035976 6 6 theme methyl 1142:1147 arg1 salicylate 1149:1158 methyl salicylate 1142:1158 methyl salicylate 1142:1158 The dominance of methyl salicylate and salicylaldehyde was noted in all samples. 28035976 3 7 theme mineral 723:729 arg1 composition 731:741 mineral composition 723:741 mineral composition 723:741 The investigated decoctions were analyzed regarding their macronutrient, carbohydrate, organic acid, amino acid and mineral composition. 28035976 5 8 theme simple 1054:1059 arg1 phenols 1061:1067 simple phenols 1054:1067 simple phenols 1054:1067 The investigation of the essential oil of four meadowsweet teas revealed the presence of 28 compounds, including simple phenols, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and aliphatic components. 28035976 1 9 theme functional 193:202 arg1 teas 229:232 herbal teas 222:232 herbal teas 222:232 In recent years, the increased popularity of functional beverages such as herbal teas and decoctions has led to the search for new sources of raw materials that provide appropriate taste and functionality to consumers. 28035976 1 9 theme functional 193:202 arg1 beverages 204:212 functional beverages 193:212 functional beverages such as herbal teas and decoctions 193:247 In recent years, the increased popularity of functional beverages such as herbal teas and decoctions has led to the search for new sources of raw materials that provide appropriate taste and functionality to consumers. 28035976 1 9 theme functional 193:202 arg1 decoctions 238:247 decoctions 238:247 decoctions 238:247 In recent years, the increased popularity of functional beverages such as herbal teas and decoctions has led to the search for new sources of raw materials that provide appropriate taste and functionality to consumers. 28035976 2 10 dep denudata 583:590 arg1 F. 580:581 F. 580:581 F. 580:581 The objective of this study was to investigate the nutritional, phytochemical profiles and bioactivities of possible functional beverages produced from F. ulmaria and its alternative substitutes (F. camtschatica, F. denudata, F. stepposa). 28035976 5 11 theme teas 1000:1003 arg1 oil 976:978 the essential oil 962:978 the essential oil of four meadowsweet teas 962:1003 The investigation of the essential oil of four meadowsweet teas revealed the presence of 28 compounds, including simple phenols, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and aliphatic components. 28035976 4 12 theme stepposa 927:934 arg1 tea 936:938 F. stepposa tea 924:938 F. stepposa tea 924:938 Quantification of the main phenolic compounds in the decoctions of meadowsweet floral teas was performed by a microcolumn RP-HPLC-UV procedure; the highest content was revealed in F. stepposa tea. 28035976 7 13 theme starch 1397:1402 arg1 type 1404:1407 the starch type 1393:1407 the starch type 1393:1407 Studies on the water soluble polysaccharides of Filipendula flowers allowed us to establish their general affiliation to galactans and/or arabinogalactans with an admixture of glucans of the starch type and galacturonans as minor components. 28035976 0 14 theme Filipendula 127:137 arg1 Species 139:145 Four Filipendula Species 122:145 Four Filipendula Species 122:145 Meadowsweet Teas as New Functional Beverages: Comparative Analysis of Nutrients, Phytochemicals and Biological Effects of Four Filipendula Species. 28035976 10 15 theme teas 1851:1854 arg1 fraction 1827:1834 the water-soluble polysaccharide fraction 1794:1834 the water-soluble polysaccharide fraction of meadowsweet teas 1794:1854 The anti-complement activity of the water-soluble polysaccharide fraction of meadowsweet teas indicated their possible immune-modulating properties. 28035976 10 16 dep possible 1872:1879 arg1 immune-modulating 1881:1897 immune-modulating 1881:1897 immune-modulating 1881:1897 The anti-complement activity of the water-soluble polysaccharide fraction of meadowsweet teas indicated their possible immune-modulating properties. 28035976 4 17 theme highest 892:898 arg1 content 900:906 the highest content 888:906 the highest content 888:906 Quantification of the main phenolic compounds in the decoctions of meadowsweet floral teas was performed by a microcolumn RP-HPLC-UV procedure; the highest content was revealed in F. stepposa tea. 28035976 7 18 from Studies 1206:1212 arg1 polysaccharides 1235:1249 the water soluble polysaccharides 1217:1249 the water soluble polysaccharides of Filipendula flowers 1217:1272 Studies on the water soluble polysaccharides of Filipendula flowers allowed us to establish their general affiliation to galactans and/or arabinogalactans with an admixture of glucans of the starch type and galacturonans as minor components. 28035976 11 19 theme phytochemical 2027:2039 arg1 profiles 2041:2048 their unique nutritional and phytochemical profiles 1998:2048 their unique nutritional and phytochemical profiles 1998:2048 Filipendula beverage formulations can be expected to deliver beneficial effects due to their unique nutritional and phytochemical profiles. 28035976 9 20 theme ellagitannins 1747:1759 arg1 presence 1721:1728 the presence 1717:1728 the presence of highly active ellagitannins 1717:1759 Tea samples showed antioxidant properties by the DPPH•, ABTS•+ and Br• free radicals scavenging assays and the carotene bleaching assay, caused by the presence of highly active ellagitannins. 28035976 2 21 theme beverages 495:503 arg1 profiles 445:452 the nutritional, phytochemical profiles 414:452 the nutritional, phytochemical profiles 414:452 The objective of this study was to investigate the nutritional, phytochemical profiles and bioactivities of possible functional beverages produced from F. ulmaria and its alternative substitutes (F. camtschatica, F. denudata, F. stepposa). 28035976 2 21 theme beverages 495:503 arg1 bioactivities 458:470 bioactivities 458:470 bioactivities 458:470 The objective of this study was to investigate the nutritional, phytochemical profiles and bioactivities of possible functional beverages produced from F. ulmaria and its alternative substitutes (F. camtschatica, F. denudata, F. stepposa). 28035976 8 22 theme meadowsweet 1500:1510 arg1 teas 1512:1515 meadowsweet teas 1500:1515 meadowsweet teas 1500:1515 The bioactivity data demonstrated a good ability of meadowsweet teas to inhibit amylase, α-glucosidase and AGE formation. 28035976 7 23 theme soluble 1227:1233 arg1 polysaccharides 1235:1249 the water soluble polysaccharides 1217:1249 the water soluble polysaccharides of Filipendula flowers 1217:1272 Studies on the water soluble polysaccharides of Filipendula flowers allowed us to establish their general affiliation to galactans and/or arabinogalactans with an admixture of glucans of the starch type and galacturonans as minor components. 28035976 2 24 theme possible 475:482 arg1 beverages 495:503 possible functional beverages 475:503 possible functional beverages produced from F. ulmaria and its alternative substitutes (F. camtschatica, F. denudata, F. stepposa) 475:604 The objective of this study was to investigate the nutritional, phytochemical profiles and bioactivities of possible functional beverages produced from F. ulmaria and its alternative substitutes (F. camtschatica, F. denudata, F. stepposa). 28035976 0 25 theme Nutrients 70:78 arg1 Analysis 58:65 Comparative Analysis 46:65 Meadowsweet Teas as New Functional Beverages: Comparative Analysis of Nutrients, Phytochemicals and Biological Effects of Four Filipendula Species. 0:146 Meadowsweet Teas as New Functional Beverages: Comparative Analysis of Nutrients, Phytochemicals and Biological Effects of Four Filipendula Species. 28035976 1 26 theme appropriate 317:327 arg1 taste 329:333 appropriate taste 317:333 appropriate taste 317:333 In recent years, the increased popularity of functional beverages such as herbal teas and decoctions has led to the search for new sources of raw materials that provide appropriate taste and functionality to consumers. 28035976 0 27 theme Phytochemicals 81:94 arg1 Analysis 58:65 Comparative Analysis 46:65 Meadowsweet Teas as New Functional Beverages: Comparative Analysis of Nutrients, Phytochemicals and Biological Effects of Four Filipendula Species. 0:146 Meadowsweet Teas as New Functional Beverages: Comparative Analysis of Nutrients, Phytochemicals and Biological Effects of Four Filipendula Species. 28035976 9 28 theme Tea 1570:1572 arg1 samples 1574:1580 Tea samples 1570:1580 Tea samples 1570:1580 Tea samples showed antioxidant properties by the DPPH•, ABTS•+ and Br• free radicals scavenging assays and the carotene bleaching assay, caused by the presence of highly active ellagitannins. 28035976 4 29 theme phenolic 771:778 arg1 compounds 780:788 the main phenolic compounds 762:788 the main phenolic compounds 762:788 Quantification of the main phenolic compounds in the decoctions of meadowsweet floral teas was performed by a microcolumn RP-HPLC-UV procedure; the highest content was revealed in F. stepposa tea. 28035976 0 30 theme Biological 100:109 arg1 Effects 111:117 Biological Effects 100:117 Biological Effects of Four Filipendula Species 100:145 Meadowsweet Teas as New Functional Beverages: Comparative Analysis of Nutrients, Phytochemicals and Biological Effects of Four Filipendula Species. 28035976 4 31 from Quantification 744:757 arg1 decoctions 797:806 the decoctions 793:806 the decoctions of meadowsweet floral teas 793:833 Quantification of the main phenolic compounds in the decoctions of meadowsweet floral teas was performed by a microcolumn RP-HPLC-UV procedure; the highest content was revealed in F. stepposa tea. 28035976 5 32 theme oil 976:978 arg1 investigation 945:957 The investigation 941:957 The investigation of the essential oil of four meadowsweet teas 941:1003 The investigation of the essential oil of four meadowsweet teas revealed the presence of 28 compounds, including simple phenols, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and aliphatic components. 28035976 8 33 theme AGE 1555:1557 arg1 formation 1559:1567 AGE formation 1555:1567 AGE formation 1555:1567 The bioactivity data demonstrated a good ability of meadowsweet teas to inhibit amylase, α-glucosidase and AGE formation. 28035976 0 34 theme Meadowsweet 0:10 arg1 Teas 12:15 Meadowsweet Teas 0:15 Meadowsweet Teas as New Functional Beverages: Comparative Analysis of Nutrients, Phytochemicals and Biological Effects of Four Filipendula Species. 0:146 Meadowsweet Teas as New Functional Beverages: Comparative Analysis of Nutrients, Phytochemicals and Biological Effects of Four Filipendula Species. 28035976 2 35 dep nutritional 418:428 arg1 phytochemical 431:443 phytochemical 431:443 phytochemical 431:443 The objective of this study was to investigate the nutritional, phytochemical profiles and bioactivities of possible functional beverages produced from F. ulmaria and its alternative substitutes (F. camtschatica, F. denudata, F. stepposa). 28035976 11 36 theme unique 2004:2009 arg1 profiles 2041:2048 their unique nutritional and phytochemical profiles 1998:2048 their unique nutritional and phytochemical profiles 1998:2048 Filipendula beverage formulations can be expected to deliver beneficial effects due to their unique nutritional and phytochemical profiles. 28035976 4 37 theme meadowsweet 811:821 arg1 teas 830:833 meadowsweet floral teas 811:833 meadowsweet floral teas 811:833 Quantification of the main phenolic compounds in the decoctions of meadowsweet floral teas was performed by a microcolumn RP-HPLC-UV procedure; the highest content was revealed in F. stepposa tea. 28035976 2 38 theme study 389:393 arg1 objective 371:379 The objective 367:379 The objective of this study 367:393 The objective of this study was to investigate the nutritional, phytochemical profiles and bioactivities of possible functional beverages produced from F. ulmaria and its alternative substitutes (F. camtschatica, F. denudata, F. stepposa). 28035976 0 39 theme Functional 24:33 arg1 Beverages 35:43 New Functional Beverages 20:43 New Functional Beverages 20:43 Meadowsweet Teas as New Functional Beverages: Comparative Analysis of Nutrients, Phytochemicals and Biological Effects of Four Filipendula Species. 28035976 7 40 theme general 1304:1310 arg1 affiliation 1312:1322 their general affiliation 1298:1322 their general affiliation to galactans and/or arabinogalactans with an admixture of glucans of the starch type and galacturonans as minor components 1298:1445 Studies on the water soluble polysaccharides of Filipendula flowers allowed us to establish their general affiliation to galactans and/or arabinogalactans with an admixture of glucans of the starch type and galacturonans as minor components. 28035976 4 41 theme teas 830:833 arg1 decoctions 797:806 the decoctions 793:806 the decoctions of meadowsweet floral teas 793:833 Quantification of the main phenolic compounds in the decoctions of meadowsweet floral teas was performed by a microcolumn RP-HPLC-UV procedure; the highest content was revealed in F. stepposa tea. 28035976 11 42 theme beverage 1923:1930 arg1 formulations 1932:1943 Filipendula beverage formulations 1911:1943 Filipendula beverage formulations 1911:1943 Filipendula beverage formulations can be expected to deliver beneficial effects due to their unique nutritional and phytochemical profiles. 28035976 1 43 theme raw 290:292 arg1 materials 294:302 raw materials 290:302 raw materials that provide appropriate taste and functionality to consumers 290:364 In recent years, the increased popularity of functional beverages such as herbal teas and decoctions has led to the search for new sources of raw materials that provide appropriate taste and functionality to consumers. 28035976 9 44 theme free 1641:1644 arg1 radicals 1646:1653 free radicals 1641:1653 free radicals 1641:1653 Tea samples showed antioxidant properties by the DPPH•, ABTS•+ and Br• free radicals scavenging assays and the carotene bleaching assay, caused by the presence of highly active ellagitannins. 28035976 8 45 theme bioactivity 1452:1462 arg1 data 1464:1467 The bioactivity data 1448:1467 The bioactivity data 1448:1467 The bioactivity data demonstrated a good ability of meadowsweet teas to inhibit amylase, α-glucosidase and AGE formation. 28035976 9 46 theme scavenging 1655:1664 arg1 assays 1666:1671 the DPPH•, ABTS•+ and Br• free radicals scavenging assays 1615:1671 the DPPH•, ABTS•+ and Br• free radicals scavenging assays 1615:1671 Tea samples showed antioxidant properties by the DPPH•, ABTS•+ and Br• free radicals scavenging assays and the carotene bleaching assay, caused by the presence of highly active ellagitannins. 28035976 7 47 theme flowers 1266:1272 arg1 polysaccharides 1235:1249 the water soluble polysaccharides 1217:1249 the water soluble polysaccharides of Filipendula flowers 1217:1272 Studies on the water soluble polysaccharides of Filipendula flowers allowed us to establish their general affiliation to galactans and/or arabinogalactans with an admixture of glucans of the starch type and galacturonans as minor components. 28035976 4 48 theme microcolumn 854:864 arg1 procedure 877:885 a microcolumn RP-HPLC-UV procedure 852:885 a microcolumn RP-HPLC-UV procedure 852:885 Quantification of the main phenolic compounds in the decoctions of meadowsweet floral teas was performed by a microcolumn RP-HPLC-UV procedure; the highest content was revealed in F. stepposa tea. 28035976 12 49 theme functional 2094:2103 arg1 products 2105:2112 health-promoting functional products 2077:2112 health-promoting functional products 2077:2112 Potential applications as health-promoting functional products may be suggested. 28035976 9 50 theme carotene 1681:1688 arg1 assay 1700:1704 the carotene bleaching assay 1677:1704 the carotene bleaching assay 1677:1704 Tea samples showed antioxidant properties by the DPPH•, ABTS•+ and Br• free radicals scavenging assays and the carotene bleaching assay, caused by the presence of highly active ellagitannins. 28035976 10 51 theme anti-complement 1766:1780 arg1 activity 1782:1789 The anti-complement activity 1762:1789 The anti-complement activity of the water-soluble polysaccharide fraction of meadowsweet teas 1762:1854 The anti-complement activity of the water-soluble polysaccharide fraction of meadowsweet teas indicated their possible immune-modulating properties. 28035976 2 52 dep alternative 538:548 arg1 substitutes 550:560 substitutes 550:560 substitutes 550:560 The objective of this study was to investigate the nutritional, phytochemical profiles and bioactivities of possible functional beverages produced from F. ulmaria and its alternative substitutes (F. camtschatica, F. denudata, F. stepposa). 28035976 2 52 dep alternative 538:548 arg1 denudata 583:590 denudata 583:590 denudata 583:590 The objective of this study was to investigate the nutritional, phytochemical profiles and bioactivities of possible functional beverages produced from F. ulmaria and its alternative substitutes (F. camtschatica, F. denudata, F. stepposa). 28035976 2 52 dep alternative 538:548 arg1 stepposa 596:603 stepposa 596:603 stepposa 596:603 The objective of this study was to investigate the nutritional, phytochemical profiles and bioactivities of possible functional beverages produced from F. ulmaria and its alternative substitutes (F. camtschatica, F. denudata, F. stepposa). 28035976 6 53 theme salicylaldehyde 1164:1178 arg1 dominance 1129:1137 The dominance 1125:1137 The dominance of methyl salicylate and salicylaldehyde 1125:1178 The dominance of methyl salicylate and salicylaldehyde was noted in all samples. 28035976 3 54 theme amino 708:712 arg1 acid 714:717 amino acid 708:717 amino acid 708:717 The investigated decoctions were analyzed regarding their macronutrient, carbohydrate, organic acid, amino acid and mineral composition. 28035976 10 55 theme fraction 1827:1834 arg1 activity 1782:1789 The anti-complement activity 1762:1789 The anti-complement activity of the water-soluble polysaccharide fraction of meadowsweet teas 1762:1854 The anti-complement activity of the water-soluble polysaccharide fraction of meadowsweet teas indicated their possible immune-modulating properties. 28035976 1 56 theme increased 169:177 arg1 popularity 179:188 the increased popularity 165:188 the increased popularity of functional beverages such as herbal teas and decoctions 165:247 In recent years, the increased popularity of functional beverages such as herbal teas and decoctions has led to the search for new sources of raw materials that provide appropriate taste and functionality to consumers. 28035976 12 57 theme Potential 2051:2059 arg1 applications 2061:2072 Potential applications 2051:2072 Potential applications as health-promoting functional products 2051:2112 Potential applications as health-promoting functional products may be suggested. 28035976 6 58 theme salicylate 1149:1158 arg1 dominance 1129:1137 The dominance 1125:1137 The dominance of methyl salicylate and salicylaldehyde 1125:1178 The dominance of methyl salicylate and salicylaldehyde was noted in all samples. 28035976 10 59 theme water-soluble 1798:1810 arg1 fraction 1827:1834 the water-soluble polysaccharide fraction 1794:1834 the water-soluble polysaccharide fraction of meadowsweet teas 1794:1854 The anti-complement activity of the water-soluble polysaccharide fraction of meadowsweet teas indicated their possible immune-modulating properties. 28035976 7 60 theme minor 1430:1434 arg1 components 1436:1445 minor components 1430:1445 minor components 1430:1445 Studies on the water soluble polysaccharides of Filipendula flowers allowed us to establish their general affiliation to galactans and/or arabinogalactans with an admixture of glucans of the starch type and galacturonans as minor components. 28035976 0 61 theme Species 139:145 arg1 Nutrients 70:78 Nutrients 70:78 Nutrients 70:78 Meadowsweet Teas as New Functional Beverages: Comparative Analysis of Nutrients, Phytochemicals and Biological Effects of Four Filipendula Species. 28035976 0 61 theme Species 139:145 arg1 Phytochemicals 81:94 Phytochemicals 81:94 Phytochemicals 81:94 Meadowsweet Teas as New Functional Beverages: Comparative Analysis of Nutrients, Phytochemicals and Biological Effects of Four Filipendula Species. 28035976 0 61 theme Species 139:145 arg1 Effects 111:117 Biological Effects 100:117 Biological Effects of Four Filipendula Species 100:145 Meadowsweet Teas as New Functional Beverages: Comparative Analysis of Nutrients, Phytochemicals and Biological Effects of Four Filipendula Species. 28035976 1 62 theme beverages 204:212 arg1 popularity 179:188 the increased popularity 165:188 the increased popularity of functional beverages such as herbal teas and decoctions 165:247 In recent years, the increased popularity of functional beverages such as herbal teas and decoctions has led to the search for new sources of raw materials that provide appropriate taste and functionality to consumers. 28035976 4 63 theme F. 924:925 arg1 tea 936:938 F. stepposa tea 924:938 F. stepposa tea 924:938 Quantification of the main phenolic compounds in the decoctions of meadowsweet floral teas was performed by a microcolumn RP-HPLC-UV procedure; the highest content was revealed in F. stepposa tea. 28035976 8 64 theme good 1484:1487 arg1 ability 1489:1495 a good ability 1482:1495 a good ability of meadowsweet teas to inhibit amylase, α-glucosidase and AGE formation 1482:1567 The bioactivity data demonstrated a good ability of meadowsweet teas to inhibit amylase, α-glucosidase and AGE formation. 28035976 7 65 theme type 1404:1407 arg1 glucans 1382:1388 glucans 1382:1388 glucans of the starch type 1382:1407 Studies on the water soluble polysaccharides of Filipendula flowers allowed us to establish their general affiliation to galactans and/or arabinogalactans with an admixture of glucans of the starch type and galacturonans as minor components. 28035976 7 66 with galactans 1327:1335 arg1 admixture 1369:1377 an admixture 1366:1377 an admixture of glucans of the starch type 1366:1407 Studies on the water soluble polysaccharides of Filipendula flowers allowed us to establish their general affiliation to galactans and/or arabinogalactans with an admixture of glucans of the starch type and galacturonans as minor components. 28035976 10 67 theme meadowsweet 1839:1849 arg1 teas 1851:1854 meadowsweet teas 1839:1854 meadowsweet teas 1839:1854 The anti-complement activity of the water-soluble polysaccharide fraction of meadowsweet teas indicated their possible immune-modulating properties. 28035976 9 68 theme active 1740:1745 arg1 ellagitannins 1747:1759 highly active ellagitannins 1733:1759 highly active ellagitannins 1733:1759 Tea samples showed antioxidant properties by the DPPH•, ABTS•+ and Br• free radicals scavenging assays and the carotene bleaching assay, caused by the presence of highly active ellagitannins. 28035976 5 69 theme compounds 1033:1041 arg1 presence 1018:1025 the presence 1014:1025 the presence of 28 compounds, including simple phenols, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and aliphatic components 1014:1122 The investigation of the essential oil of four meadowsweet teas revealed the presence of 28 compounds, including simple phenols, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and aliphatic components. 28035976 8 70 theme teas 1512:1515 arg1 ability 1489:1495 a good ability 1482:1495 a good ability of meadowsweet teas to inhibit amylase, α-glucosidase and AGE formation 1482:1567 The bioactivity data demonstrated a good ability of meadowsweet teas to inhibit amylase, α-glucosidase and AGE formation. 28035976 7 71 theme glucans 1382:1388 arg1 admixture 1369:1377 an admixture 1366:1377 an admixture of glucans of the starch type 1366:1407 Studies on the water soluble polysaccharides of Filipendula flowers allowed us to establish their general affiliation to galactans and/or arabinogalactans with an admixture of glucans of the starch type and galacturonans as minor components. 28035976 10 72 theme possible 1872:1879 arg1 properties 1899:1908 their possible immune-modulating properties 1866:1908 their possible immune-modulating properties 1866:1908 The anti-complement activity of the water-soluble polysaccharide fraction of meadowsweet teas indicated their possible immune-modulating properties. 28035976 2 73 theme functional 484:493 arg1 beverages 495:503 possible functional beverages 475:503 possible functional beverages produced from F. ulmaria and its alternative substitutes (F. camtschatica, F. denudata, F. stepposa) 475:604 The objective of this study was to investigate the nutritional, phytochemical profiles and bioactivities of possible functional beverages produced from F. ulmaria and its alternative substitutes (F. camtschatica, F. denudata, F. stepposa). 28035976 1 74 theme recent 151:156 arg1 years 158:162 recent years 151:162 recent years 151:162 In recent years, the increased popularity of functional beverages such as herbal teas and decoctions has led to the search for new sources of raw materials that provide appropriate taste and functionality to consumers. 28035976 0 75 theme Effects 111:117 arg1 Analysis 58:65 Comparative Analysis 46:65 Meadowsweet Teas as New Functional Beverages: Comparative Analysis of Nutrients, Phytochemicals and Biological Effects of Four Filipendula Species. 0:146 Meadowsweet Teas as New Functional Beverages: Comparative Analysis of Nutrients, Phytochemicals and Biological Effects of Four Filipendula Species. 28035976 5 76 theme essential 966:974 arg1 oil 976:978 the essential oil 962:978 the essential oil of four meadowsweet teas 962:1003 The investigation of the essential oil of four meadowsweet teas revealed the presence of 28 compounds, including simple phenols, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and aliphatic components. 28035976 4 77 theme main 766:769 arg1 compounds 780:788 the main phenolic compounds 762:788 the main phenolic compounds 762:788 Quantification of the main phenolic compounds in the decoctions of meadowsweet floral teas was performed by a microcolumn RP-HPLC-UV procedure; the highest content was revealed in F. stepposa tea. 28035976 5 78 theme aliphatic 1103:1111 arg1 components 1113:1122 aliphatic components 1103:1122 aliphatic components 1103:1122 The investigation of the essential oil of four meadowsweet teas revealed the presence of 28 compounds, including simple phenols, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and aliphatic components. 28035976 9 79 theme antioxidant 1589:1599 arg1 properties 1601:1610 antioxidant properties 1589:1610 antioxidant properties 1589:1610 Tea samples showed antioxidant properties by the DPPH•, ABTS•+ and Br• free radicals scavenging assays and the carotene bleaching assay, caused by the presence of highly active ellagitannins. 28035976 2 80 theme nutritional 418:428 arg1 profiles 445:452 the nutritional, phytochemical profiles 414:452 the nutritional, phytochemical profiles 414:452 The objective of this study was to investigate the nutritional, phytochemical profiles and bioactivities of possible functional beverages produced from F. ulmaria and its alternative substitutes (F. camtschatica, F. denudata, F. stepposa). 28035976 11 81 theme beneficial 1972:1981 arg1 effects 1983:1989 beneficial effects 1972:1989 beneficial effects 1972:1989 Filipendula beverage formulations can be expected to deliver beneficial effects due to their unique nutritional and phytochemical profiles. 28035976 0 82 theme New 20:22 arg1 Beverages 35:43 New Functional Beverages 20:43 New Functional Beverages 20:43 Meadowsweet Teas as New Functional Beverages: Comparative Analysis of Nutrients, Phytochemicals and Biological Effects of Four Filipendula Species. 28035976 0 83 dep Teas 12:15 arg1 Analysis 58:65 Comparative Analysis 46:65 Meadowsweet Teas as New Functional Beverages: Comparative Analysis of Nutrients, Phytochemicals and Biological Effects of Four Filipendula Species. 0:146 Meadowsweet Teas as New Functional Beverages: Comparative Analysis of Nutrients, Phytochemicals and Biological Effects of Four Filipendula Species. 28035976 11 84 theme nutritional 2011:2021 arg1 profiles 2041:2048 their unique nutritional and phytochemical profiles 1998:2048 their unique nutritional and phytochemical profiles 1998:2048 Filipendula beverage formulations can be expected to deliver beneficial effects due to their unique nutritional and phytochemical profiles. 28035976 1 85 theme new 275:277 arg1 sources 279:285 new sources 275:285 new sources of raw materials that provide appropriate taste and functionality to consumers 275:364 In recent years, the increased popularity of functional beverages such as herbal teas and decoctions has led to the search for new sources of raw materials that provide appropriate taste and functionality to consumers. 28035976 3 86 theme investigated 611:622 arg1 decoctions 624:633 The investigated decoctions 607:633 The investigated decoctions 607:633 The investigated decoctions were analyzed regarding their macronutrient, carbohydrate, organic acid, amino acid and mineral composition. 28035976 0 87 theme Comparative 46:56 arg1 Analysis 58:65 Comparative Analysis 46:65 Meadowsweet Teas as New Functional Beverages: Comparative Analysis of Nutrients, Phytochemicals and Biological Effects of Four Filipendula Species. 0:146 Meadowsweet Teas as New Functional Beverages: Comparative Analysis of Nutrients, Phytochemicals and Biological Effects of Four Filipendula Species. 28035976 9 88 theme ABTS•+ 1626:1631 arg1 assays 1666:1671 the DPPH•, ABTS•+ and Br• free radicals scavenging assays 1615:1671 the DPPH•, ABTS•+ and Br• free radicals scavenging assays 1615:1671 Tea samples showed antioxidant properties by the DPPH•, ABTS•+ and Br• free radicals scavenging assays and the carotene bleaching assay, caused by the presence of highly active ellagitannins. 28035976 4 89 theme floral 823:828 arg1 teas 830:833 meadowsweet floral teas 811:833 meadowsweet floral teas 811:833 Quantification of the main phenolic compounds in the decoctions of meadowsweet floral teas was performed by a microcolumn RP-HPLC-UV procedure; the highest content was revealed in F. stepposa tea. 28035976 1 90 theme materials 294:302 arg1 sources 279:285 new sources 275:285 new sources of raw materials that provide appropriate taste and functionality to consumers 275:364 In recent years, the increased popularity of functional beverages such as herbal teas and decoctions has led to the search for new sources of raw materials that provide appropriate taste and functionality to consumers. 28035976 9 91 theme Br• 1637:1639 arg1 assays 1666:1671 the DPPH•, ABTS•+ and Br• free radicals scavenging assays 1615:1671 the DPPH•, ABTS•+ and Br• free radicals scavenging assays 1615:1671 Tea samples showed antioxidant properties by the DPPH•, ABTS•+ and Br• free radicals scavenging assays and the carotene bleaching assay, caused by the presence of highly active ellagitannins. 28035976 4 92 theme compounds 780:788 arg1 Quantification 744:757 Quantification 744:757 Quantification of the main phenolic compounds in the decoctions of meadowsweet floral teas 744:833 Quantification of the main phenolic compounds in the decoctions of meadowsweet floral teas was performed by a microcolumn RP-HPLC-UV procedure; the highest content was revealed in F. stepposa tea. 28035976 11 93 theme Filipendula 1911:1921 arg1 formulations 1932:1943 Filipendula beverage formulations 1911:1943 Filipendula beverage formulations 1911:1943 Filipendula beverage formulations can be expected to deliver beneficial effects due to their unique nutritional and phytochemical profiles. 28035976 1 94 theme herbal 222:227 arg1 teas 229:232 herbal teas 222:232 herbal teas 222:232 In recent years, the increased popularity of functional beverages such as herbal teas and decoctions has led to the search for new sources of raw materials that provide appropriate taste and functionality to consumers. 28035976 5 95 theme meadowsweet 988:998 arg1 teas 1000:1003 four meadowsweet teas 983:1003 four meadowsweet teas 983:1003 The investigation of the essential oil of four meadowsweet teas revealed the presence of 28 compounds, including simple phenols, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and aliphatic components. 28035976 7 96 theme Filipendula 1254:1264 arg1 flowers 1266:1272 Filipendula flowers 1254:1272 Filipendula flowers 1254:1272 Studies on the water soluble polysaccharides of Filipendula flowers allowed us to establish their general affiliation to galactans and/or arabinogalactans with an admixture of glucans of the starch type and galacturonans as minor components. 28035976 3 97 theme organic 694:700 arg1 acid 702:705 organic acid 694:705 organic acid 694:705 The investigated decoctions were analyzed regarding their macronutrient, carbohydrate, organic acid, amino acid and mineral composition. 25258103 5 0 theme different 1141:1149 arg1 techniques 1157:1166 the different aging techniques 1137:1166 the different aging techniques used in this study on color stabilization 1137:1208 Moreover, no clear effect of the different aging techniques used in this study on color stabilization was found. 25258103 1 1 with aging 480:484 arg1 yeast 515:519 commercial inactive dry yeast 491:519 commercial inactive dry yeast on the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines 491:607 BACKGROUND The objective of this work was to study the effect of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains with different capabilities of polysaccharide liberation during alcoholic fermentation in addition to subsequent aging on lees with or without oak wood chips as well as aging with commercial inactive dry yeast on the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 8 2 theme aging 1685:1689 arg1 technique 1691:1699 the aging technique 1681:1699 the aging technique used 1681:1704 According to the results obtained during the aging period, all aging techniques contributed to improve wine quality, but it was difficult to establish the technique that allowed the best wine to be obtained, because it depended on the aging technique used and the period of aging. 25258103 8 3 theme wine 1553:1556 arg1 quality 1558:1564 wine quality 1553:1564 wine quality 1553:1564 According to the results obtained during the aging period, all aging techniques contributed to improve wine quality, but it was difficult to establish the technique that allowed the best wine to be obtained, because it depended on the aging technique used and the period of aging. 25258103 0 4 theme techniques 78:87 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of selected Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains and different aging techniques on the polysaccharide and polyphenolic composition and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 0:201 Effect of selected Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains and different aging techniques on the polysaccharide and polyphenolic composition and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 1 5 theme alcoholic 375:383 arg1 fermentation 385:396 alcoholic fermentation 375:396 alcoholic fermentation in addition to subsequent aging 375:428 BACKGROUND The objective of this work was to study the effect of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains with different capabilities of polysaccharide liberation during alcoholic fermentation in addition to subsequent aging on lees with or without oak wood chips as well as aging with commercial inactive dry yeast on the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 0 6 theme wines 196:200 arg1 polysaccharide 96:109 polysaccharide 96:109 polysaccharide 96:109 Effect of selected Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains and different aging techniques on the polysaccharide and polyphenolic composition and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 0 6 theme wines 196:200 arg1 composition 128:138 polyphenolic composition 115:138 polyphenolic composition 115:138 Effect of selected Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains and different aging techniques on the polysaccharide and polyphenolic composition and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 0 6 theme wines 196:200 arg1 characteristics 154:168 sensorial characteristics 144:168 sensorial characteristics 144:168 Effect of selected Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains and different aging techniques on the polysaccharide and polyphenolic composition and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 7 7 dep CONCLUSION 1330:1339 arg1 general 1344:1350 general 1344:1350 general 1344:1350 CONCLUSION In general, the HPS wines showed better physicochemical and sensorial characteristics than the EC1118 wines. 25258103 0 8 from Effect 0:5 arg1 polysaccharide 96:109 polysaccharide 96:109 polysaccharide 96:109 Effect of selected Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains and different aging techniques on the polysaccharide and polyphenolic composition and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 0 8 from Effect 0:5 arg1 composition 128:138 polyphenolic composition 115:138 polyphenolic composition 115:138 Effect of selected Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains and different aging techniques on the polysaccharide and polyphenolic composition and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 5 9 theme color 1190:1194 arg1 stabilization 1196:1208 color stabilization 1190:1208 color stabilization 1190:1208 Moreover, no clear effect of the different aging techniques used in this study on color stabilization was found. 25258103 1 10 from yeast 515:519 arg1 characteristics 561:575 the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics 524:575 the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines 524:607 BACKGROUND The objective of this work was to study the effect of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains with different capabilities of polysaccharide liberation during alcoholic fermentation in addition to subsequent aging on lees with or without oak wood chips as well as aging with commercial inactive dry yeast on the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 3 11 theme aging 882:886 arg1 techniques 888:897 All aging techniques 878:897 All aging techniques 878:897 All aging techniques increased the polysaccharide concentration, but the increase was dependent on the technique applied. 25258103 2 12 theme yeast 659:663 arg1 strain 665:670 yeast strain 659:670 RESULTS The HPS (high levels of polysaccharides) yeast strain 610:670 RESULTS The HPS (high levels of polysaccharides) yeast strain released higher amounts of polysaccharides (429 g L(-1)) than EC1118 (390 g L(-1)) during alcoholic fermentation, but the concentration equalized during the aging period (424 and 417 g L(-1) respectively). 25258103 1 13 theme sensorial 551:559 arg1 characteristics 561:575 the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics 524:575 the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines 524:607 BACKGROUND The objective of this work was to study the effect of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains with different capabilities of polysaccharide liberation during alcoholic fermentation in addition to subsequent aging on lees with or without oak wood chips as well as aging with commercial inactive dry yeast on the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 1 14 theme Saccharomyces 272:284 arg1 strains 303:309 two Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains 268:309 two Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains with different capabilities of polysaccharide liberation during alcoholic fermentation in addition to subsequent aging 268:428 BACKGROUND The objective of this work was to study the effect of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains with different capabilities of polysaccharide liberation during alcoholic fermentation in addition to subsequent aging on lees with or without oak wood chips as well as aging with commercial inactive dry yeast on the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 0 15 theme polyphenolic 115:126 arg1 composition 128:138 polyphenolic composition 115:138 polyphenolic composition 115:138 Effect of selected Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains and different aging techniques on the polysaccharide and polyphenolic composition and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 4 16 theme most 1068:1071 arg1 concentration 1051:1063 the concentration 1047:1063 the concentration of most of the phenolic families analyzed 1047:1105 A higher liberation of polysaccharides reduced the concentration of most of the phenolic families analyzed. 25258103 2 17 theme polysaccharides 642:656 arg1 levels 632:637 high levels 627:637 high levels of polysaccharides 627:656 RESULTS The HPS (high levels of polysaccharides) yeast strain released higher amounts of polysaccharides (429 g L(-1)) than EC1118 (390 g L(-1)) during alcoholic fermentation, but the concentration equalized during the aging period (424 and 417 g L(-1) respectively). 25258103 8 18 theme aging 1724:1728 arg1 period 1714:1719 the period 1710:1719 the period of aging 1710:1728 According to the results obtained during the aging period, all aging techniques contributed to improve wine quality, but it was difficult to establish the technique that allowed the best wine to be obtained, because it depended on the aging technique used and the period of aging. 25258103 8 18 theme aging 1724:1728 arg1 technique 1691:1699 the aging technique 1681:1699 the aging technique used 1681:1704 According to the results obtained during the aging period, all aging techniques contributed to improve wine quality, but it was difficult to establish the technique that allowed the best wine to be obtained, because it depended on the aging technique used and the period of aging. 25258103 0 19 dep polysaccharide 96:109 arg1 the 92:94 the 92:94 the 92:94 Effect of selected Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains and different aging techniques on the polysaccharide and polyphenolic composition and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 2 20 theme aging 829:833 arg1 period 835:840 the aging period 825:840 the aging period (424 and 417 g L(-1) respectively) 825:875 RESULTS The HPS (high levels of polysaccharides) yeast strain released higher amounts of polysaccharides (429 g L(-1)) than EC1118 (390 g L(-1)) during alcoholic fermentation, but the concentration equalized during the aging period (424 and 417 g L(-1) respectively). 25258103 7 21 theme HPS 1357:1359 arg1 wines 1361:1365 the HPS wines 1353:1365 the HPS wines 1353:1365 CONCLUSION In general, the HPS wines showed better physicochemical and sensorial characteristics than the EC1118 wines. 25258103 2 22 theme higher 681:686 arg1 amounts 688:694 higher amounts 681:694 higher amounts of polysaccharides (429 g L(-1)) 681:727 RESULTS The HPS (high levels of polysaccharides) yeast strain released higher amounts of polysaccharides (429 g L(-1)) than EC1118 (390 g L(-1)) during alcoholic fermentation, but the concentration equalized during the aging period (424 and 417 g L(-1) respectively). 25258103 2 22 theme higher 681:686 arg1 L 722:722 429 g L(-1) 716:726 429 g L(-1) 716:726 RESULTS The HPS (high levels of polysaccharides) yeast strain released higher amounts of polysaccharides (429 g L(-1)) than EC1118 (390 g L(-1)) during alcoholic fermentation, but the concentration equalized during the aging period (424 and 417 g L(-1) respectively). 25258103 2 22 theme higher 681:686 arg1 polysaccharides 699:713 polysaccharides 699:713 polysaccharides (429 g L(-1)) 699:727 RESULTS The HPS (high levels of polysaccharides) yeast strain released higher amounts of polysaccharides (429 g L(-1)) than EC1118 (390 g L(-1)) during alcoholic fermentation, but the concentration equalized during the aging period (424 and 417 g L(-1) respectively). 25258103 1 23 with strains 303:309 arg1 capabilities 326:337 different capabilities 316:337 different capabilities of polysaccharide liberation during alcoholic fermentation in addition to subsequent aging 316:428 BACKGROUND The objective of this work was to study the effect of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains with different capabilities of polysaccharide liberation during alcoholic fermentation in addition to subsequent aging on lees with or without oak wood chips as well as aging with commercial inactive dry yeast on the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 8 24 theme aging 1513:1517 arg1 techniques 1519:1528 all aging techniques 1509:1528 all aging techniques 1509:1528 According to the results obtained during the aging period, all aging techniques contributed to improve wine quality, but it was difficult to establish the technique that allowed the best wine to be obtained, because it depended on the aging technique used and the period of aging. 25258103 8 25 theme best 1632:1635 arg1 wine 1637:1640 the best wine 1628:1640 the best wine 1628:1640 According to the results obtained during the aging period, all aging techniques contributed to improve wine quality, but it was difficult to establish the technique that allowed the best wine to be obtained, because it depended on the aging technique used and the period of aging. 25258103 1 26 theme subsequent 413:422 arg1 aging 424:428 subsequent aging 413:428 subsequent aging 413:428 BACKGROUND The objective of this work was to study the effect of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains with different capabilities of polysaccharide liberation during alcoholic fermentation in addition to subsequent aging on lees with or without oak wood chips as well as aging with commercial inactive dry yeast on the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 4 27 theme phenolic 1080:1087 arg1 families 1089:1096 the phenolic families 1076:1096 the phenolic families analyzed 1076:1105 A higher liberation of polysaccharides reduced the concentration of most of the phenolic families analyzed. 25258103 7 28 theme physicochemical 1381:1395 arg1 characteristics 1411:1425 better physicochemical and sensorial characteristics 1374:1425 better physicochemical and sensorial characteristics 1374:1425 CONCLUSION In general, the HPS wines showed better physicochemical and sensorial characteristics than the EC1118 wines. 25258103 2 29 theme high 627:630 arg1 levels 632:637 high levels 627:637 high levels of polysaccharides 627:656 RESULTS The HPS (high levels of polysaccharides) yeast strain released higher amounts of polysaccharides (429 g L(-1)) than EC1118 (390 g L(-1)) during alcoholic fermentation, but the concentration equalized during the aging period (424 and 417 g L(-1) respectively). 25258103 1 30 theme commercial 491:500 arg1 yeast 515:519 commercial inactive dry yeast 491:519 commercial inactive dry yeast on the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines 491:607 BACKGROUND The objective of this work was to study the effect of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains with different capabilities of polysaccharide liberation during alcoholic fermentation in addition to subsequent aging on lees with or without oak wood chips as well as aging with commercial inactive dry yeast on the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 1 31 theme Sauvignon 589:597 arg1 wines 603:607 Cabernet Sauvignon red wines 580:607 Cabernet Sauvignon red wines 580:607 BACKGROUND The objective of this work was to study the effect of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains with different capabilities of polysaccharide liberation during alcoholic fermentation in addition to subsequent aging on lees with or without oak wood chips as well as aging with commercial inactive dry yeast on the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 0 32 theme Saccharomyces 19:31 arg1 strains 50:56 selected Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains 10:56 selected Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains 10:56 Effect of selected Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains and different aging techniques on the polysaccharide and polyphenolic composition and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 1 33 theme yeast 297:301 arg1 strains 303:309 two Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains 268:309 two Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains with different capabilities of polysaccharide liberation during alcoholic fermentation in addition to subsequent aging 268:428 BACKGROUND The objective of this work was to study the effect of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains with different capabilities of polysaccharide liberation during alcoholic fermentation in addition to subsequent aging on lees with or without oak wood chips as well as aging with commercial inactive dry yeast on the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 1 34 theme inactive 502:509 arg1 yeast 515:519 commercial inactive dry yeast 491:519 commercial inactive dry yeast on the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines 491:607 BACKGROUND The objective of this work was to study the effect of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains with different capabilities of polysaccharide liberation during alcoholic fermentation in addition to subsequent aging on lees with or without oak wood chips as well as aging with commercial inactive dry yeast on the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 1 35 theme red 599:601 arg1 wines 603:607 Cabernet Sauvignon red wines 580:607 Cabernet Sauvignon red wines 580:607 BACKGROUND The objective of this work was to study the effect of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains with different capabilities of polysaccharide liberation during alcoholic fermentation in addition to subsequent aging on lees with or without oak wood chips as well as aging with commercial inactive dry yeast on the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 0 36 theme selected 10:17 arg1 strains 50:56 selected Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains 10:56 selected Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains 10:56 Effect of selected Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains and different aging techniques on the polysaccharide and polyphenolic composition and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 1 37 theme strains 303:309 arg1 effect 258:263 the effect 254:263 the effect of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains with different capabilities of polysaccharide liberation during alcoholic fermentation in addition to subsequent aging on lees with or without oak wood chips as well as aging with commercial inactive dry yeast on the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines 254:607 BACKGROUND The objective of this work was to study the effect of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains with different capabilities of polysaccharide liberation during alcoholic fermentation in addition to subsequent aging on lees with or without oak wood chips as well as aging with commercial inactive dry yeast on the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 6 38 theme alcoholic 1306:1314 arg1 fermentation 1316:1327 alcoholic fermentation 1306:1327 alcoholic fermentation 1306:1327 The HPS wines were better valued than the EC1118 wines by the panel of tasters after alcoholic fermentation. 25258103 2 39 dep period 835:840 arg1 -1 859:860 -1 859:860 -1 859:860 RESULTS The HPS (high levels of polysaccharides) yeast strain released higher amounts of polysaccharides (429 g L(-1)) than EC1118 (390 g L(-1)) during alcoholic fermentation, but the concentration equalized during the aging period (424 and 417 g L(-1) respectively). 25258103 2 39 dep period 835:840 arg1 L 857:857 424 and 417 g L 843:857 424 and 417 g L(-1) respectively 843:874 RESULTS The HPS (high levels of polysaccharides) yeast strain released higher amounts of polysaccharides (429 g L(-1)) than EC1118 (390 g L(-1)) during alcoholic fermentation, but the concentration equalized during the aging period (424 and 417 g L(-1) respectively). 25258103 1 40 theme wines 603:607 arg1 characteristics 561:575 the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics 524:575 the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines 524:607 BACKGROUND The objective of this work was to study the effect of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains with different capabilities of polysaccharide liberation during alcoholic fermentation in addition to subsequent aging on lees with or without oak wood chips as well as aging with commercial inactive dry yeast on the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 0 41 theme yeast 44:48 arg1 strains 50:56 selected Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains 10:56 selected Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains 10:56 Effect of selected Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains and different aging techniques on the polysaccharide and polyphenolic composition and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 5 42 theme clear 1121:1125 arg1 effect 1127:1132 no clear effect 1118:1132 no clear effect of the different aging techniques used in this study on color stabilization 1118:1208 Moreover, no clear effect of the different aging techniques used in this study on color stabilization was found. 25258103 1 43 from effect 258:263 arg1 lees 433:436 lees 433:436 lees 433:436 BACKGROUND The objective of this work was to study the effect of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains with different capabilities of polysaccharide liberation during alcoholic fermentation in addition to subsequent aging on lees with or without oak wood chips as well as aging with commercial inactive dry yeast on the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 1 44 dep BACKGROUND 203:212 arg1 was 241:243 was 241:243 was to study the effect of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains with different capabilities of polysaccharide liberation during alcoholic fermentation in addition to subsequent aging on lees with or without oak wood chips as well as aging with commercial inactive dry yeast on the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines 241:607 BACKGROUND The objective of this work was to study the effect of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains with different capabilities of polysaccharide liberation during alcoholic fermentation in addition to subsequent aging on lees with or without oak wood chips as well as aging with commercial inactive dry yeast on the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 2 45 theme g 746:746 arg1 L 748:748 390 g L(-1) 742:752 390 g L(-1) 742:752 RESULTS The HPS (high levels of polysaccharides) yeast strain released higher amounts of polysaccharides (429 g L(-1)) than EC1118 (390 g L(-1)) during alcoholic fermentation, but the concentration equalized during the aging period (424 and 417 g L(-1) respectively). 25258103 2 45 theme g 746:746 arg1 EC1118 734:739 EC1118 734:739 EC1118 (390 g L(-1)) 734:753 RESULTS The HPS (high levels of polysaccharides) yeast strain released higher amounts of polysaccharides (429 g L(-1)) than EC1118 (390 g L(-1)) during alcoholic fermentation, but the concentration equalized during the aging period (424 and 417 g L(-1) respectively). 25258103 2 46 dep RESULTS 610:616 arg1 HPS 622:624 The HPS 618:624 RESULTS The HPS (high levels of polysaccharides) yeast strain 610:670 RESULTS The HPS (high levels of polysaccharides) yeast strain released higher amounts of polysaccharides (429 g L(-1)) than EC1118 (390 g L(-1)) during alcoholic fermentation, but the concentration equalized during the aging period (424 and 417 g L(-1) respectively). 25258103 2 46 dep RESULTS 610:616 arg1 strain 665:670 yeast strain 659:670 RESULTS The HPS (high levels of polysaccharides) yeast strain 610:670 RESULTS The HPS (high levels of polysaccharides) yeast strain released higher amounts of polysaccharides (429 g L(-1)) than EC1118 (390 g L(-1)) during alcoholic fermentation, but the concentration equalized during the aging period (424 and 417 g L(-1) respectively). 25258103 1 47 theme different 316:324 arg1 capabilities 326:337 different capabilities 316:337 different capabilities of polysaccharide liberation during alcoholic fermentation in addition to subsequent aging 316:428 BACKGROUND The objective of this work was to study the effect of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains with different capabilities of polysaccharide liberation during alcoholic fermentation in addition to subsequent aging on lees with or without oak wood chips as well as aging with commercial inactive dry yeast on the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 0 48 theme sensorial 144:152 arg1 characteristics 154:168 sensorial characteristics 144:168 sensorial characteristics 144:168 Effect of selected Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains and different aging techniques on the polysaccharide and polyphenolic composition and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 1 49 theme dry 511:513 arg1 yeast 515:519 commercial inactive dry yeast 491:519 commercial inactive dry yeast on the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines 491:607 BACKGROUND The objective of this work was to study the effect of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains with different capabilities of polysaccharide liberation during alcoholic fermentation in addition to subsequent aging on lees with or without oak wood chips as well as aging with commercial inactive dry yeast on the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 1 50 theme work 236:239 arg1 objective 218:226 The objective 214:226 The objective of this work 214:239 BACKGROUND The objective of this work was to study the effect of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains with different capabilities of polysaccharide liberation during alcoholic fermentation in addition to subsequent aging on lees with or without oak wood chips as well as aging with commercial inactive dry yeast on the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 8 51 theme aging 1495:1499 arg1 period 1501:1506 the aging period 1491:1506 the aging period 1491:1506 According to the results obtained during the aging period, all aging techniques contributed to improve wine quality, but it was difficult to establish the technique that allowed the best wine to be obtained, because it depended on the aging technique used and the period of aging. 25258103 2 52 theme g 855:855 arg1 -1 859:860 -1 859:860 -1 859:860 RESULTS The HPS (high levels of polysaccharides) yeast strain released higher amounts of polysaccharides (429 g L(-1)) than EC1118 (390 g L(-1)) during alcoholic fermentation, but the concentration equalized during the aging period (424 and 417 g L(-1) respectively). 25258103 2 52 theme g 855:855 arg1 L 857:857 424 and 417 g L 843:857 424 and 417 g L(-1) respectively 843:874 RESULTS The HPS (high levels of polysaccharides) yeast strain released higher amounts of polysaccharides (429 g L(-1)) than EC1118 (390 g L(-1)) during alcoholic fermentation, but the concentration equalized during the aging period (424 and 417 g L(-1) respectively). 25258103 2 53 theme g 720:720 arg1 L 722:722 429 g L(-1) 716:726 429 g L(-1) 716:726 RESULTS The HPS (high levels of polysaccharides) yeast strain released higher amounts of polysaccharides (429 g L(-1)) than EC1118 (390 g L(-1)) during alcoholic fermentation, but the concentration equalized during the aging period (424 and 417 g L(-1) respectively). 25258103 2 53 theme g 720:720 arg1 polysaccharides 699:713 polysaccharides 699:713 polysaccharides (429 g L(-1)) 699:727 RESULTS The HPS (high levels of polysaccharides) yeast strain released higher amounts of polysaccharides (429 g L(-1)) than EC1118 (390 g L(-1)) during alcoholic fermentation, but the concentration equalized during the aging period (424 and 417 g L(-1) respectively). 25258103 0 54 theme strains 50:56 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of selected Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains and different aging techniques on the polysaccharide and polyphenolic composition and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 0:201 Effect of selected Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains and different aging techniques on the polysaccharide and polyphenolic composition and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 1 55 with chips 463:467 arg1 yeast 515:519 commercial inactive dry yeast 491:519 commercial inactive dry yeast on the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines 491:607 BACKGROUND The objective of this work was to study the effect of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains with different capabilities of polysaccharide liberation during alcoholic fermentation in addition to subsequent aging on lees with or without oak wood chips as well as aging with commercial inactive dry yeast on the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 7 56 theme sensorial 1401:1409 arg1 characteristics 1411:1425 better physicochemical and sensorial characteristics 1374:1425 better physicochemical and sensorial characteristics 1374:1425 CONCLUSION In general, the HPS wines showed better physicochemical and sensorial characteristics than the EC1118 wines. 25258103 6 57 theme HPS 1225:1227 arg1 wines 1229:1233 The HPS wines 1221:1233 The HPS wines 1221:1233 The HPS wines were better valued than the EC1118 wines by the panel of tasters after alcoholic fermentation. 25258103 2 58 theme alcoholic 762:770 arg1 fermentation 772:783 alcoholic fermentation 762:783 alcoholic fermentation 762:783 RESULTS The HPS (high levels of polysaccharides) yeast strain released higher amounts of polysaccharides (429 g L(-1)) than EC1118 (390 g L(-1)) during alcoholic fermentation, but the concentration equalized during the aging period (424 and 417 g L(-1) respectively). 25258103 1 59 theme polysaccharide 342:355 arg1 liberation 357:366 polysaccharide liberation 342:366 polysaccharide liberation during alcoholic fermentation in addition to subsequent aging 342:428 BACKGROUND The objective of this work was to study the effect of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains with different capabilities of polysaccharide liberation during alcoholic fermentation in addition to subsequent aging on lees with or without oak wood chips as well as aging with commercial inactive dry yeast on the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 0 60 theme red 192:194 arg1 wines 196:200 Cabernet Sauvignon red wines 173:200 Cabernet Sauvignon red wines 173:200 Effect of selected Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains and different aging techniques on the polysaccharide and polyphenolic composition and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 1 61 dep Saccharomyces 272:284 arg1 cerevisiae 286:295 cerevisiae 286:295 cerevisiae 286:295 BACKGROUND The objective of this work was to study the effect of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains with different capabilities of polysaccharide liberation during alcoholic fermentation in addition to subsequent aging on lees with or without oak wood chips as well as aging with commercial inactive dry yeast on the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 0 62 dep Saccharomyces 19:31 arg1 cerevisiae 33:42 cerevisiae 33:42 cerevisiae 33:42 Effect of selected Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains and different aging techniques on the polysaccharide and polyphenolic composition and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 4 63 theme higher 1002:1007 arg1 liberation 1009:1018 A higher liberation 1000:1018 A higher liberation of polysaccharides 1000:1037 A higher liberation of polysaccharides reduced the concentration of most of the phenolic families analyzed. 25258103 2 64 theme polysaccharides 699:713 arg1 amounts 688:694 higher amounts 681:694 higher amounts of polysaccharides (429 g L(-1)) 681:727 RESULTS The HPS (high levels of polysaccharides) yeast strain released higher amounts of polysaccharides (429 g L(-1)) than EC1118 (390 g L(-1)) during alcoholic fermentation, but the concentration equalized during the aging period (424 and 417 g L(-1) respectively). 25258103 2 64 theme polysaccharides 699:713 arg1 L 722:722 429 g L(-1) 716:726 429 g L(-1) 716:726 RESULTS The HPS (high levels of polysaccharides) yeast strain released higher amounts of polysaccharides (429 g L(-1)) than EC1118 (390 g L(-1)) during alcoholic fermentation, but the concentration equalized during the aging period (424 and 417 g L(-1) respectively). 25258103 2 64 theme polysaccharides 699:713 arg1 polysaccharides 699:713 polysaccharides 699:713 polysaccharides (429 g L(-1)) 699:727 RESULTS The HPS (high levels of polysaccharides) yeast strain released higher amounts of polysaccharides (429 g L(-1)) than EC1118 (390 g L(-1)) during alcoholic fermentation, but the concentration equalized during the aging period (424 and 417 g L(-1) respectively). 25258103 0 65 theme Sauvignon 182:190 arg1 wines 196:200 Cabernet Sauvignon red wines 173:200 Cabernet Sauvignon red wines 173:200 Effect of selected Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains and different aging techniques on the polysaccharide and polyphenolic composition and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 1 66 theme oak 454:456 arg1 chips 463:467 oak wood chips 454:467 oak wood chips as well as aging with commercial inactive dry yeast on the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines 454:607 BACKGROUND The objective of this work was to study the effect of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains with different capabilities of polysaccharide liberation during alcoholic fermentation in addition to subsequent aging on lees with or without oak wood chips as well as aging with commercial inactive dry yeast on the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 3 67 theme All 878:880 arg1 techniques 888:897 All aging techniques 878:897 All aging techniques 878:897 All aging techniques increased the polysaccharide concentration, but the increase was dependent on the technique applied. 25258103 1 68 theme physical 528:535 arg1 characteristics 561:575 the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics 524:575 the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines 524:607 BACKGROUND The objective of this work was to study the effect of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains with different capabilities of polysaccharide liberation during alcoholic fermentation in addition to subsequent aging on lees with or without oak wood chips as well as aging with commercial inactive dry yeast on the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 4 69 theme polysaccharides 1023:1037 arg1 liberation 1009:1018 A higher liberation 1000:1018 A higher liberation of polysaccharides 1000:1037 A higher liberation of polysaccharides reduced the concentration of most of the phenolic families analyzed. 25258103 5 70 theme techniques 1157:1166 arg1 effect 1127:1132 no clear effect 1118:1132 no clear effect of the different aging techniques used in this study on color stabilization 1118:1208 Moreover, no clear effect of the different aging techniques used in this study on color stabilization was found. 25258103 0 71 theme aging 72:76 arg1 techniques 78:87 different aging techniques 62:87 different aging techniques 62:87 Effect of selected Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains and different aging techniques on the polysaccharide and polyphenolic composition and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 1 72 theme wood 458:461 arg1 chips 463:467 oak wood chips 454:467 oak wood chips as well as aging with commercial inactive dry yeast on the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines 454:607 BACKGROUND The objective of this work was to study the effect of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains with different capabilities of polysaccharide liberation during alcoholic fermentation in addition to subsequent aging on lees with or without oak wood chips as well as aging with commercial inactive dry yeast on the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 6 73 theme tasters 1292:1298 arg1 panel 1283:1287 the panel 1279:1287 the panel of tasters after alcoholic fermentation 1279:1327 The HPS wines were better valued than the EC1118 wines by the panel of tasters after alcoholic fermentation. 25258103 3 74 theme polysaccharide 913:926 arg1 concentration 928:940 the polysaccharide concentration 909:940 the polysaccharide concentration 909:940 All aging techniques increased the polysaccharide concentration, but the increase was dependent on the technique applied. 25258103 2 75 dep HPS 622:624 arg1 levels 632:637 high levels 627:637 high levels of polysaccharides 627:656 RESULTS The HPS (high levels of polysaccharides) yeast strain released higher amounts of polysaccharides (429 g L(-1)) than EC1118 (390 g L(-1)) during alcoholic fermentation, but the concentration equalized during the aging period (424 and 417 g L(-1) respectively). 25258103 1 76 dep aging 424:428 arg1 addition 401:408 addition 401:408 addition 401:408 BACKGROUND The objective of this work was to study the effect of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains with different capabilities of polysaccharide liberation during alcoholic fermentation in addition to subsequent aging on lees with or without oak wood chips as well as aging with commercial inactive dry yeast on the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 0 77 theme different 62:70 arg1 techniques 78:87 different aging techniques 62:87 different aging techniques 62:87 Effect of selected Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains and different aging techniques on the polysaccharide and polyphenolic composition and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 1 78 theme liberation 357:366 arg1 capabilities 326:337 different capabilities 316:337 different capabilities of polysaccharide liberation during alcoholic fermentation in addition to subsequent aging 316:428 BACKGROUND The objective of this work was to study the effect of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains with different capabilities of polysaccharide liberation during alcoholic fermentation in addition to subsequent aging on lees with or without oak wood chips as well as aging with commercial inactive dry yeast on the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 1 79 theme chemical 538:545 arg1 characteristics 561:575 the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics 524:575 the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines 524:607 BACKGROUND The objective of this work was to study the effect of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains with different capabilities of polysaccharide liberation during alcoholic fermentation in addition to subsequent aging on lees with or without oak wood chips as well as aging with commercial inactive dry yeast on the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. 25258103 5 80 theme aging 1151:1155 arg1 techniques 1157:1166 the different aging techniques 1137:1166 the different aging techniques used in this study on color stabilization 1137:1208 Moreover, no clear effect of the different aging techniques used in this study on color stabilization was found. 26800283 6 0 theme bacteria 983:990 arg1 growth 973:978 the growth 969:978 the growth of bacteria 969:990 The hydrophobic surface of the dressing shows waterproof and antiadhesion for contaminant properties, whereas the hydrophilic surface preserves its water-absorbing capability and efficiently inhibits the growth of bacteria. 26800283 4 1 theme drug-sensitive 575:588 arg1 bacteria 620:627 drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria 575:627 drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria 575:627 The incorporation of AgNPs into chitosan dressing could enhance the antibacterial activity against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria. 26800283 11 2 theme clinical 1765:1772 arg1 use 1774:1776 clinical use 1765:1776 clinical use 1765:1776 This work indicates the huge potential of the novel AgNPs/chitosan wound dressing with asymmetrical wettability for clinical use. 26800283 1 3 theme biomedical 251:260 arg1 applications 262:273 biomedical applications 251:273 biomedical applications as wound healing materials 251:300 A novel silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)/chitosan composite dressing with asymmetric wettability surfaces was successfully prepared via a simple two-step method for biomedical applications as wound healing materials. 26800283 8 4 theme composite 1258:1266 arg1 dressing 1268:1275 the composite dressing 1254:1275 the composite dressing 1254:1275 Cytocompatibility test evaluated in vitro and in a wound infection model illustrates the nontoxic nature of the composite dressing. 26800283 4 5 theme drug-resistant 594:607 arg1 bacteria 620:627 drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria 575:627 drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria 575:627 The incorporation of AgNPs into chitosan dressing could enhance the antibacterial activity against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria. 26800283 6 6 theme contaminant 847:857 arg1 properties 859:868 contaminant properties 847:868 contaminant properties 847:868 The hydrophobic surface of the dressing shows waterproof and antiadhesion for contaminant properties, whereas the hydrophilic surface preserves its water-absorbing capability and efficiently inhibits the growth of bacteria. 26800283 5 7 theme surface 645:651 arg1 modification 653:664 The asymmetric surface modification 630:664 The asymmetric surface modification 630:664 The asymmetric surface modification endows the dressing with both highly hydrophobic property and inherent hydrophilic nature of chitosan. 26800283 9 8 theme in 1300:1301 arg1 healing 1314:1320 the in vivo wound healing 1296:1320 the in vivo wound healing model evaluation in mice 1296:1345 More importantly, the in vivo wound healing model evaluation in mice reveals that the asymmetric AgNPs/chitosan dressing promotes the wound healing and accelerates the reepithelialization and collagen deposition. 26800283 1 9 theme asymmetric 160:169 arg1 surfaces 183:190 asymmetric wettability surfaces 160:190 asymmetric wettability surfaces 160:190 A novel silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)/chitosan composite dressing with asymmetric wettability surfaces was successfully prepared via a simple two-step method for biomedical applications as wound healing materials. 26800283 9 10 theme wound 1308:1312 arg1 healing 1314:1320 the in vivo wound healing 1296:1320 the in vivo wound healing model evaluation in mice 1296:1345 More importantly, the in vivo wound healing model evaluation in mice reveals that the asymmetric AgNPs/chitosan dressing promotes the wound healing and accelerates the reepithelialization and collagen deposition. 26800283 5 11 theme hydrophilic 737:747 arg1 nature 749:754 inherent hydrophilic nature 728:754 inherent hydrophilic nature 728:754 The asymmetric surface modification endows the dressing with both highly hydrophobic property and inherent hydrophilic nature of chitosan. 26800283 9 12 theme model 1322:1326 arg1 evaluation 1328:1337 the in vivo wound healing model evaluation 1296:1337 the in vivo wound healing model evaluation in mice 1296:1345 More importantly, the in vivo wound healing model evaluation in mice reveals that the asymmetric AgNPs/chitosan dressing promotes the wound healing and accelerates the reepithelialization and collagen deposition. 26800283 1 13 dep simple 224:229 arg1 two-step 231:238 two-step 231:238 two-step 231:238 A novel silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)/chitosan composite dressing with asymmetric wettability surfaces was successfully prepared via a simple two-step method for biomedical applications as wound healing materials. 26800283 5 14 theme hydrophobic 703:713 arg1 property 715:722 highly hydrophobic property 696:722 highly hydrophobic property 696:722 The asymmetric surface modification endows the dressing with both highly hydrophobic property and inherent hydrophilic nature of chitosan. 26800283 7 15 theme clotting 1091:1098 arg1 ability 1100:1106 blood clotting ability 1085:1106 blood clotting ability 1085:1106 Furthermore, the AgNPs/chitosan composite dressing displays improved moisture retention and blood clotting ability compared to the unmodified dressings. 26800283 1 16 theme nanoparticles 105:117 arg1 dressing 146:153 A novel silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)/chitosan composite dressing 90:153 A novel silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)/chitosan composite dressing with asymmetric wettability surfaces 90:190 A novel silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)/chitosan composite dressing with asymmetric wettability surfaces was successfully prepared via a simple two-step method for biomedical applications as wound healing materials. 26800283 7 17 theme unmodified 1124:1133 arg1 dressings 1135:1143 the unmodified dressings 1120:1143 the unmodified dressings 1120:1143 Furthermore, the AgNPs/chitosan composite dressing displays improved moisture retention and blood clotting ability compared to the unmodified dressings. 26800283 1 18 theme AgNPs 120:124 arg1 dressing 146:153 A novel silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)/chitosan composite dressing 90:153 A novel silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)/chitosan composite dressing with asymmetric wettability surfaces 90:190 A novel silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)/chitosan composite dressing with asymmetric wettability surfaces was successfully prepared via a simple two-step method for biomedical applications as wound healing materials. 26800283 9 19 theme AgNPs/chitosan 1375:1388 arg1 dressing 1390:1397 the asymmetric AgNPs/chitosan dressing 1360:1397 the asymmetric AgNPs/chitosan dressing 1360:1397 More importantly, the in vivo wound healing model evaluation in mice reveals that the asymmetric AgNPs/chitosan dressing promotes the wound healing and accelerates the reepithelialization and collagen deposition. 26800283 7 20 theme moisture 1062:1069 arg1 retention 1071:1079 improved moisture retention 1053:1079 improved moisture retention 1053:1079 Furthermore, the AgNPs/chitosan composite dressing displays improved moisture retention and blood clotting ability compared to the unmodified dressings. 26800283 1 21 theme /chitosan 126:134 arg1 dressing 146:153 A novel silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)/chitosan composite dressing 90:153 A novel silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)/chitosan composite dressing with asymmetric wettability surfaces 90:190 A novel silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)/chitosan composite dressing with asymmetric wettability surfaces was successfully prepared via a simple two-step method for biomedical applications as wound healing materials. 26800283 0 22 theme In 70:71 arg1 Evaluation 78:87 In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation 57:87 In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation 57:87 Novel Asymmetric Wettable AgNPs/Chitosan Wound Dressing: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. 26800283 1 23 with dressing 146:153 arg1 surfaces 183:190 asymmetric wettability surfaces 160:190 asymmetric wettability surfaces 160:190 A novel silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)/chitosan composite dressing with asymmetric wettability surfaces was successfully prepared via a simple two-step method for biomedical applications as wound healing materials. 26800283 9 24 dep in 1300:1301 arg1 vivo 1303:1306 vivo 1303:1306 vivo 1303:1306 More importantly, the in vivo wound healing model evaluation in mice reveals that the asymmetric AgNPs/chitosan dressing promotes the wound healing and accelerates the reepithelialization and collagen deposition. 26800283 9 25 theme wound 1412:1416 arg1 healing 1418:1424 the wound healing 1408:1424 the wound healing 1408:1424 More importantly, the in vivo wound healing model evaluation in mice reveals that the asymmetric AgNPs/chitosan dressing promotes the wound healing and accelerates the reepithelialization and collagen deposition. 26800283 7 26 theme composite 1025:1033 arg1 dressing 1035:1042 the AgNPs/chitosan composite dressing 1006:1042 the AgNPs/chitosan composite dressing 1006:1042 Furthermore, the AgNPs/chitosan composite dressing displays improved moisture retention and blood clotting ability compared to the unmodified dressings. 26800283 8 27 theme Cytocompatibility 1146:1162 arg1 test 1164:1167 Cytocompatibility test 1146:1167 Cytocompatibility test 1146:1167 Cytocompatibility test evaluated in vitro and in a wound infection model illustrates the nontoxic nature of the composite dressing. 26800283 0 28 dep Evaluation 78:87 arg1 Dressing 47:54 Novel Asymmetric Wettable AgNPs/Chitosan Wound Dressing 0:54 Novel Asymmetric Wettable AgNPs/Chitosan Wound Dressing 0:54 Novel Asymmetric Wettable AgNPs/Chitosan Wound Dressing: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. 26800283 2 29 theme lyophilization 378:391 arg1 process 393:399 lyophilization process 378:399 lyophilization process 378:399 First, AgNPs were assembled into the chitosan sponge which was prepared by lyophilization process. 26800283 0 30 theme Novel 0:4 arg1 Dressing 47:54 Novel Asymmetric Wettable AgNPs/Chitosan Wound Dressing 0:54 Novel Asymmetric Wettable AgNPs/Chitosan Wound Dressing 0:54 Novel Asymmetric Wettable AgNPs/Chitosan Wound Dressing: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. 26800283 1 31 theme wound 278:282 arg1 healing 284:290 wound healing 278:290 wound healing materials 278:300 A novel silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)/chitosan composite dressing with asymmetric wettability surfaces was successfully prepared via a simple two-step method for biomedical applications as wound healing materials. 26800283 0 32 dep In 70:71 arg1 Vivo 73:76 Vivo 73:76 Vivo 73:76 Novel Asymmetric Wettable AgNPs/Chitosan Wound Dressing: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. 26800283 10 33 theme nanosilver 1615:1624 arg1 mice 1643:1646 the clinically used Acasin nanosilver dressing treated mice 1588:1646 the clinically used Acasin nanosilver dressing treated mice 1588:1646 The silver accumulation in mice body treated by the composite dressing is far lower than that of the clinically used Acasin nanosilver dressing treated mice. 26800283 3 34 theme thin 448:451 arg1 layer 453:457 a thin layer 446:457 a thin layer of stearic acid 446:473 Then one side of the sponge was modified by a thin layer of stearic acid. 26800283 0 35 theme Wettable 17:24 arg1 Dressing 47:54 Novel Asymmetric Wettable AgNPs/Chitosan Wound Dressing 0:54 Novel Asymmetric Wettable AgNPs/Chitosan Wound Dressing 0:54 Novel Asymmetric Wettable AgNPs/Chitosan Wound Dressing: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. 26800283 1 36 theme novel 92:96 arg1 dressing 146:153 A novel silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)/chitosan composite dressing 90:153 A novel silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)/chitosan composite dressing with asymmetric wettability surfaces 90:190 A novel silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)/chitosan composite dressing with asymmetric wettability surfaces was successfully prepared via a simple two-step method for biomedical applications as wound healing materials. 26800283 4 37 theme antibacterial 544:556 arg1 activity 558:565 the antibacterial activity 540:565 the antibacterial activity against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria 540:627 The incorporation of AgNPs into chitosan dressing could enhance the antibacterial activity against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria. 26800283 10 38 theme used 1603:1606 arg1 mice 1643:1646 the clinically used Acasin nanosilver dressing treated mice 1588:1646 the clinically used Acasin nanosilver dressing treated mice 1588:1646 The silver accumulation in mice body treated by the composite dressing is far lower than that of the clinically used Acasin nanosilver dressing treated mice. 26800283 0 39 theme Wound 41:45 arg1 Dressing 47:54 Novel Asymmetric Wettable AgNPs/Chitosan Wound Dressing 0:54 Novel Asymmetric Wettable AgNPs/Chitosan Wound Dressing 0:54 Novel Asymmetric Wettable AgNPs/Chitosan Wound Dressing: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. 26800283 9 40 from evaluation 1328:1337 arg1 mice 1342:1345 mice 1342:1345 mice 1342:1345 More importantly, the in vivo wound healing model evaluation in mice reveals that the asymmetric AgNPs/chitosan dressing promotes the wound healing and accelerates the reepithelialization and collagen deposition. 26800283 11 41 theme dressing 1722:1729 arg1 potential 1678:1686 the huge potential 1669:1686 the huge potential of the novel AgNPs/chitosan wound dressing with asymmetrical wettability for clinical use 1669:1776 This work indicates the huge potential of the novel AgNPs/chitosan wound dressing with asymmetrical wettability for clinical use. 26800283 2 42 theme chitosan 340:347 arg1 sponge 349:354 the chitosan sponge 336:354 the chitosan sponge which was prepared by lyophilization process 336:399 First, AgNPs were assembled into the chitosan sponge which was prepared by lyophilization process. 26800283 8 43 theme wound 1197:1201 arg1 model 1213:1217 a wound infection model 1195:1217 a wound infection model 1195:1217 Cytocompatibility test evaluated in vitro and in a wound infection model illustrates the nontoxic nature of the composite dressing. 26800283 10 44 from accumulation 1502:1513 arg1 mice 1518:1521 mice 1518:1521 mice body treated by the composite dressing 1518:1560 The silver accumulation in mice body treated by the composite dressing is far lower than that of the clinically used Acasin nanosilver dressing treated mice. 26800283 10 44 from accumulation 1502:1513 arg1 body 1523:1526 body 1523:1526 body 1523:1526 The silver accumulation in mice body treated by the composite dressing is far lower than that of the clinically used Acasin nanosilver dressing treated mice. 26800283 10 45 theme treated 1635:1641 arg1 mice 1643:1646 the clinically used Acasin nanosilver dressing treated mice 1588:1646 the clinically used Acasin nanosilver dressing treated mice 1588:1646 The silver accumulation in mice body treated by the composite dressing is far lower than that of the clinically used Acasin nanosilver dressing treated mice. 26800283 10 46 theme composite 1543:1551 arg1 dressing 1553:1560 the composite dressing 1539:1560 the composite dressing 1539:1560 The silver accumulation in mice body treated by the composite dressing is far lower than that of the clinically used Acasin nanosilver dressing treated mice. 26800283 11 47 theme AgNPs/chitosan 1701:1714 arg1 dressing 1722:1729 the novel AgNPs/chitosan wound dressing 1691:1729 the novel AgNPs/chitosan wound dressing with asymmetrical wettability for clinical use 1691:1776 This work indicates the huge potential of the novel AgNPs/chitosan wound dressing with asymmetrical wettability for clinical use. 26800283 10 48 dep treated 1528:1534 arg1 mice 1518:1521 mice 1518:1521 mice body treated by the composite dressing 1518:1560 The silver accumulation in mice body treated by the composite dressing is far lower than that of the clinically used Acasin nanosilver dressing treated mice. 26800283 10 48 dep treated 1528:1534 arg1 body 1523:1526 body 1523:1526 body 1523:1526 The silver accumulation in mice body treated by the composite dressing is far lower than that of the clinically used Acasin nanosilver dressing treated mice. 26800283 11 49 theme wound 1716:1720 arg1 dressing 1722:1729 the novel AgNPs/chitosan wound dressing 1691:1729 the novel AgNPs/chitosan wound dressing with asymmetrical wettability for clinical use 1691:1776 This work indicates the huge potential of the novel AgNPs/chitosan wound dressing with asymmetrical wettability for clinical use. 26800283 4 50 theme pathogenic 609:618 arg1 bacteria 620:627 drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria 575:627 drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria 575:627 The incorporation of AgNPs into chitosan dressing could enhance the antibacterial activity against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria. 26800283 11 51 theme asymmetrical 1736:1747 arg1 wettability 1749:1759 asymmetrical wettability 1736:1759 asymmetrical wettability 1736:1759 This work indicates the huge potential of the novel AgNPs/chitosan wound dressing with asymmetrical wettability for clinical use. 26800283 3 52 mod modified 434:441 arg3 layer 453:457 a thin layer 446:457 a thin layer of stearic acid 446:473 Then one side of the sponge was modified by a thin layer of stearic acid. 26800283 3 52 mod modified 434:441 arg1 side 411:414 one side 407:414 one side of the sponge 407:428 Then one side of the sponge was modified by a thin layer of stearic acid. 26800283 11 53 with dressing 1722:1729 arg1 wettability 1749:1759 asymmetrical wettability 1736:1759 asymmetrical wettability 1736:1759 This work indicates the huge potential of the novel AgNPs/chitosan wound dressing with asymmetrical wettability for clinical use. 26800283 3 54 theme acid 470:473 arg1 layer 453:457 a thin layer 446:457 a thin layer of stearic acid 446:473 Then one side of the sponge was modified by a thin layer of stearic acid. 26800283 5 55 theme asymmetric 634:643 arg1 modification 653:664 The asymmetric surface modification 630:664 The asymmetric surface modification 630:664 The asymmetric surface modification endows the dressing with both highly hydrophobic property and inherent hydrophilic nature of chitosan. 26800283 8 56 theme dressing 1268:1275 arg1 nature 1244:1249 the nontoxic nature 1231:1249 the nontoxic nature of the composite dressing 1231:1275 Cytocompatibility test evaluated in vitro and in a wound infection model illustrates the nontoxic nature of the composite dressing. 26800283 1 57 theme wettability 171:181 arg1 surfaces 183:190 asymmetric wettability surfaces 160:190 asymmetric wettability surfaces 160:190 A novel silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)/chitosan composite dressing with asymmetric wettability surfaces was successfully prepared via a simple two-step method for biomedical applications as wound healing materials. 26800283 11 58 theme huge 1673:1676 arg1 potential 1678:1686 the huge potential 1669:1686 the huge potential of the novel AgNPs/chitosan wound dressing with asymmetrical wettability for clinical use 1669:1776 This work indicates the huge potential of the novel AgNPs/chitosan wound dressing with asymmetrical wettability for clinical use. 26800283 5 59 theme inherent 728:735 arg1 nature 749:754 inherent hydrophilic nature 728:754 inherent hydrophilic nature 728:754 The asymmetric surface modification endows the dressing with both highly hydrophobic property and inherent hydrophilic nature of chitosan. 26800283 9 60 theme healing 1314:1320 arg1 evaluation 1328:1337 the in vivo wound healing model evaluation 1296:1337 the in vivo wound healing model evaluation in mice 1296:1345 More importantly, the in vivo wound healing model evaluation in mice reveals that the asymmetric AgNPs/chitosan dressing promotes the wound healing and accelerates the reepithelialization and collagen deposition. 26800283 1 61 theme silver 98:103 arg1 dressing 146:153 A novel silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)/chitosan composite dressing 90:153 A novel silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)/chitosan composite dressing with asymmetric wettability surfaces 90:190 A novel silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)/chitosan composite dressing with asymmetric wettability surfaces was successfully prepared via a simple two-step method for biomedical applications as wound healing materials. 26800283 9 62 theme asymmetric 1364:1373 arg1 dressing 1390:1397 the asymmetric AgNPs/chitosan dressing 1360:1397 the asymmetric AgNPs/chitosan dressing 1360:1397 More importantly, the in vivo wound healing model evaluation in mice reveals that the asymmetric AgNPs/chitosan dressing promotes the wound healing and accelerates the reepithelialization and collagen deposition. 26800283 7 63 theme blood 1085:1089 arg1 ability 1100:1106 blood clotting ability 1085:1106 blood clotting ability 1085:1106 Furthermore, the AgNPs/chitosan composite dressing displays improved moisture retention and blood clotting ability compared to the unmodified dressings. 26800283 1 64 theme composite 136:144 arg1 dressing 146:153 A novel silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)/chitosan composite dressing 90:153 A novel silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)/chitosan composite dressing with asymmetric wettability surfaces 90:190 A novel silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)/chitosan composite dressing with asymmetric wettability surfaces was successfully prepared via a simple two-step method for biomedical applications as wound healing materials. 26800283 4 65 theme AgNPs 497:501 arg1 incorporation 480:492 The incorporation 476:492 The incorporation of AgNPs into chitosan dressing 476:524 The incorporation of AgNPs into chitosan dressing could enhance the antibacterial activity against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria. 26800283 5 66 theme chitosan 759:766 arg1 property 715:722 highly hydrophobic property 696:722 highly hydrophobic property 696:722 The asymmetric surface modification endows the dressing with both highly hydrophobic property and inherent hydrophilic nature of chitosan. 26800283 5 66 theme chitosan 759:766 arg1 nature 749:754 inherent hydrophilic nature 728:754 inherent hydrophilic nature 728:754 The asymmetric surface modification endows the dressing with both highly hydrophobic property and inherent hydrophilic nature of chitosan. 26800283 7 67 theme improved 1053:1060 arg1 retention 1071:1079 improved moisture retention 1053:1079 improved moisture retention 1053:1079 Furthermore, the AgNPs/chitosan composite dressing displays improved moisture retention and blood clotting ability compared to the unmodified dressings. 26800283 6 68 theme hydrophobic 773:783 arg1 surface 785:791 The hydrophobic surface 769:791 The hydrophobic surface of the dressing 769:807 The hydrophobic surface of the dressing shows waterproof and antiadhesion for contaminant properties, whereas the hydrophilic surface preserves its water-absorbing capability and efficiently inhibits the growth of bacteria. 26800283 0 69 theme Asymmetric 6:15 arg1 Dressing 47:54 Novel Asymmetric Wettable AgNPs/Chitosan Wound Dressing 0:54 Novel Asymmetric Wettable AgNPs/Chitosan Wound Dressing 0:54 Novel Asymmetric Wettable AgNPs/Chitosan Wound Dressing: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. 26800283 7 70 theme AgNPs/chitosan 1010:1023 arg1 dressing 1035:1042 the AgNPs/chitosan composite dressing 1006:1042 the AgNPs/chitosan composite dressing 1006:1042 Furthermore, the AgNPs/chitosan composite dressing displays improved moisture retention and blood clotting ability compared to the unmodified dressings. 26800283 3 71 theme sponge 423:428 arg1 side 411:414 one side 407:414 one side of the sponge 407:428 Then one side of the sponge was modified by a thin layer of stearic acid. 26800283 0 72 theme AgNPs/Chitosan 26:39 arg1 Dressing 47:54 Novel Asymmetric Wettable AgNPs/Chitosan Wound Dressing 0:54 Novel Asymmetric Wettable AgNPs/Chitosan Wound Dressing 0:54 Novel Asymmetric Wettable AgNPs/Chitosan Wound Dressing: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. 26800283 1 73 theme healing 284:290 arg1 materials 292:300 wound healing materials 278:300 wound healing materials 278:300 A novel silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)/chitosan composite dressing with asymmetric wettability surfaces was successfully prepared via a simple two-step method for biomedical applications as wound healing materials. 26800283 10 74 theme Acasin 1608:1613 arg1 mice 1643:1646 the clinically used Acasin nanosilver dressing treated mice 1588:1646 the clinically used Acasin nanosilver dressing treated mice 1588:1646 The silver accumulation in mice body treated by the composite dressing is far lower than that of the clinically used Acasin nanosilver dressing treated mice. 26800283 9 75 theme collagen 1470:1477 arg1 deposition 1479:1488 collagen deposition 1470:1488 collagen deposition 1470:1488 More importantly, the in vivo wound healing model evaluation in mice reveals that the asymmetric AgNPs/chitosan dressing promotes the wound healing and accelerates the reepithelialization and collagen deposition. 26800283 6 76 theme water-absorbing 917:931 arg1 capability 933:942 its water-absorbing capability 913:942 its water-absorbing capability 913:942 The hydrophobic surface of the dressing shows waterproof and antiadhesion for contaminant properties, whereas the hydrophilic surface preserves its water-absorbing capability and efficiently inhibits the growth of bacteria. 26800283 0 77 dep In 57:58 arg1 Vitro 60:64 Vitro 60:64 Vitro 60:64 Novel Asymmetric Wettable AgNPs/Chitosan Wound Dressing: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. 26800283 4 78 theme chitosan 508:515 arg1 dressing 517:524 chitosan dressing 508:524 chitosan dressing 508:524 The incorporation of AgNPs into chitosan dressing could enhance the antibacterial activity against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria. 26800283 6 79 theme dressing 800:807 arg1 surface 785:791 The hydrophobic surface 769:791 The hydrophobic surface of the dressing 769:807 The hydrophobic surface of the dressing shows waterproof and antiadhesion for contaminant properties, whereas the hydrophilic surface preserves its water-absorbing capability and efficiently inhibits the growth of bacteria. 26800283 0 80 theme In 57:58 arg1 Evaluation 78:87 In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation 57:87 In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation 57:87 Novel Asymmetric Wettable AgNPs/Chitosan Wound Dressing: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. 26800283 8 81 theme infection 1203:1211 arg1 model 1213:1217 a wound infection model 1195:1217 a wound infection model 1195:1217 Cytocompatibility test evaluated in vitro and in a wound infection model illustrates the nontoxic nature of the composite dressing. 26800283 11 82 theme novel 1695:1699 arg1 dressing 1722:1729 the novel AgNPs/chitosan wound dressing 1691:1729 the novel AgNPs/chitosan wound dressing with asymmetrical wettability for clinical use 1691:1776 This work indicates the huge potential of the novel AgNPs/chitosan wound dressing with asymmetrical wettability for clinical use. 26800283 6 83 theme hydrophilic 883:893 arg1 surface 895:901 the hydrophilic surface 879:901 the hydrophilic surface 879:901 The hydrophobic surface of the dressing shows waterproof and antiadhesion for contaminant properties, whereas the hydrophilic surface preserves its water-absorbing capability and efficiently inhibits the growth of bacteria. 26800283 10 84 theme dressing 1626:1633 arg1 mice 1643:1646 the clinically used Acasin nanosilver dressing treated mice 1588:1646 the clinically used Acasin nanosilver dressing treated mice 1588:1646 The silver accumulation in mice body treated by the composite dressing is far lower than that of the clinically used Acasin nanosilver dressing treated mice. 26800283 10 85 theme silver 1495:1500 arg1 accumulation 1502:1513 The silver accumulation 1491:1513 The silver accumulation in mice body treated by the composite dressing 1491:1560 The silver accumulation in mice body treated by the composite dressing is far lower than that of the clinically used Acasin nanosilver dressing treated mice. 26800283 10 85 theme silver 1495:1500 arg1 lower 1569:1573 lower 1569:1573 lower 1569:1573 The silver accumulation in mice body treated by the composite dressing is far lower than that of the clinically used Acasin nanosilver dressing treated mice. 26800283 3 86 theme stearic 462:468 arg1 acid 470:473 stearic acid 462:473 stearic acid 462:473 Then one side of the sponge was modified by a thin layer of stearic acid. 26800283 1 87 theme simple 224:229 arg1 method 240:245 a simple two-step method 222:245 a simple two-step method for biomedical applications as wound healing materials 222:300 A novel silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)/chitosan composite dressing with asymmetric wettability surfaces was successfully prepared via a simple two-step method for biomedical applications as wound healing materials. 26800283 8 88 theme nontoxic 1235:1242 arg1 nature 1244:1249 the nontoxic nature 1231:1249 the nontoxic nature of the composite dressing 1231:1275 Cytocompatibility test evaluated in vitro and in a wound infection model illustrates the nontoxic nature of the composite dressing. 26800283 8 89 dep evaluated 1169:1177 arg1 illustrates 1219:1229 illustrates 1219:1229 illustrates the nontoxic nature of the composite dressing 1219:1275 Cytocompatibility test evaluated in vitro and in a wound infection model illustrates the nontoxic nature of the composite dressing. 25450047 3 0 theme X-ray 310:314 arg1 diffraction 316:326 X-ray diffraction 310:326 X-ray diffraction 310:326 Its amorphous structure was identified by the pattern of X-ray diffraction. 25450047 2 1 theme var 128:130 arg1 xyloglucan 147:156 Hymenaea courbaril var courbaril seed xyloglucan 109:156 Hymenaea courbaril var courbaril seed xyloglucan 109:156 Hymenaea courbaril var courbaril seed xyloglucan was efficiently extracted with 0.1M NaCl, followed by ethanol precipitation (yield=72±5% w/w). 25450047 8 2 from courbaril 1065:1073 arg1 polysaccharide 1090:1103 a promising polysaccharide 1078:1103 a promising polysaccharide for food and pharmaceutical industries 1078:1142 Overall our results indicate that xyloglucan from H. courbaril is a promising polysaccharide for food and pharmaceutical industries. 25450047 8 2 from courbaril 1065:1073 arg1 xyloglucan 1046:1055 xyloglucan 1046:1055 xyloglucan from H. courbaril 1046:1073 Overall our results indicate that xyloglucan from H. courbaril is a promising polysaccharide for food and pharmaceutical industries. 25450047 6 3 dep % 875:875 arg1 behave 897:902 behave 897:902 behave as a viscoelastic fluid 897:926 The xyloglucan solution was evaluated by dynamic light scattering and presents a polydisperse and practically neutral profile, and at 0.5 and 1.0% (w/v) the solutions behave as a viscoelastic fluid. 25450047 3 4 theme diffraction 316:326 arg1 pattern 299:305 the pattern 295:305 the pattern of X-ray diffraction 295:326 Its amorphous structure was identified by the pattern of X-ray diffraction. 25450047 2 5 theme courbaril 118:126 arg1 xyloglucan 147:156 Hymenaea courbaril var courbaril seed xyloglucan 109:156 Hymenaea courbaril var courbaril seed xyloglucan 109:156 Hymenaea courbaril var courbaril seed xyloglucan was efficiently extracted with 0.1M NaCl, followed by ethanol precipitation (yield=72±5% w/w). 25450047 4 6 theme alditol 400:406 arg1 acetates 408:415 the alditol acetates 396:415 the alditol acetates 396:415 The monosaccharide composition was determined by GC/MS analysis of the alditol acetates and showed the occurrence of glucose:xylose:galactose:arabinose (40:34:20:6). 25450047 2 7 dep extracted 174:182 arg1 followed 200:207 followed 200:207 followed by ethanol precipitation (yield=72±5% w/w) 200:250 Hymenaea courbaril var courbaril seed xyloglucan was efficiently extracted with 0.1M NaCl, followed by ethanol precipitation (yield=72±5% w/w). 25450047 2 8 theme Hymenaea 109:116 arg1 xyloglucan 147:156 Hymenaea courbaril var courbaril seed xyloglucan 109:156 Hymenaea courbaril var courbaril seed xyloglucan 109:156 Hymenaea courbaril var courbaril seed xyloglucan was efficiently extracted with 0.1M NaCl, followed by ethanol precipitation (yield=72±5% w/w). 25450047 8 9 theme pharmaceutical 1118:1131 arg1 industries 1133:1142 food and pharmaceutical industries 1109:1142 food and pharmaceutical industries 1109:1142 Overall our results indicate that xyloglucan from H. courbaril is a promising polysaccharide for food and pharmaceutical industries. 25450047 7 10 theme antibacterial 973:985 arg1 activities 1000:1009 significant antibacterial or hemolytic activities 961:1009 significant antibacterial or hemolytic activities 961:1009 The polysaccharide did not show significant antibacterial or hemolytic activities. 25450047 6 11 theme light 779:783 arg1 scattering 785:794 dynamic light scattering 771:794 dynamic light scattering 771:794 The xyloglucan solution was evaluated by dynamic light scattering and presents a polydisperse and practically neutral profile, and at 0.5 and 1.0% (w/v) the solutions behave as a viscoelastic fluid. 25450047 4 12 dep glucose 446:452 arg1 arabinose 471:479 arabinose 471:479 glucose:xylose:galactose:arabinose (40:34:20:6) 446:492 The monosaccharide composition was determined by GC/MS analysis of the alditol acetates and showed the occurrence of glucose:xylose:galactose:arabinose (40:34:20:6). 25450047 4 12 dep glucose 446:452 arg1 galactose 461:469 galactose 461:469 glucose:xylose:galactose:arabinose (40:34:20:6) 446:492 The monosaccharide composition was determined by GC/MS analysis of the alditol acetates and showed the occurrence of glucose:xylose:galactose:arabinose (40:34:20:6). 25450047 4 12 dep glucose 446:452 arg1 xylose 454:459 xylose 454:459 glucose:xylose:galactose:arabinose (40:34:20:6) 446:492 The monosaccharide composition was determined by GC/MS analysis of the alditol acetates and showed the occurrence of glucose:xylose:galactose:arabinose (40:34:20:6). 25450047 4 12 dep glucose 446:452 arg1 40:34:20:6 482:491 40:34:20:6 482:491 40:34:20:6 482:491 The monosaccharide composition was determined by GC/MS analysis of the alditol acetates and showed the occurrence of glucose:xylose:galactose:arabinose (40:34:20:6). 25450047 5 13 theme 4-linked 582:589 arg1 units 601:605 4-linked β-glucose units 582:605 4-linked β-glucose units partially branched at position 6 with non-reducing terminal units of α-xylose or β-galactose-(1→2)-α-xylose disaccharides 582:727 One-(1D) and two-dimensional-(2D) NMR spectra confirmed a central backbone composed by 4-linked β-glucose units partially branched at position 6 with non-reducing terminal units of α-xylose or β-galactose-(1→2)-α-xylose disaccharides. 25450047 4 14 theme acetates 408:415 arg1 analysis 384:391 GC/MS analysis 378:391 GC/MS analysis of the alditol acetates 378:415 The monosaccharide composition was determined by GC/MS analysis of the alditol acetates and showed the occurrence of glucose:xylose:galactose:arabinose (40:34:20:6). 25450047 5 15 theme -α-xylose 705:713 arg1 1→2 701:703 1→2 701:703 1→2 701:703 One-(1D) and two-dimensional-(2D) NMR spectra confirmed a central backbone composed by 4-linked β-glucose units partially branched at position 6 with non-reducing terminal units of α-xylose or β-galactose-(1→2)-α-xylose disaccharides. 25450047 5 15 theme -α-xylose 705:713 arg1 disaccharides 715:727 α-xylose or β-galactose-(1→2)-α-xylose disaccharides 676:727 α-xylose or β-galactose-(1→2)-α-xylose disaccharides 676:727 One-(1D) and two-dimensional-(2D) NMR spectra confirmed a central backbone composed by 4-linked β-glucose units partially branched at position 6 with non-reducing terminal units of α-xylose or β-galactose-(1→2)-α-xylose disaccharides. 25450047 7 16 theme significant 961:971 arg1 activities 1000:1009 significant antibacterial or hemolytic activities 961:1009 significant antibacterial or hemolytic activities 961:1009 The polysaccharide did not show significant antibacterial or hemolytic activities. 25450047 5 17 theme β-glucose 591:599 arg1 units 601:605 4-linked β-glucose units 582:605 4-linked β-glucose units partially branched at position 6 with non-reducing terminal units of α-xylose or β-galactose-(1→2)-α-xylose disaccharides 582:727 One-(1D) and two-dimensional-(2D) NMR spectra confirmed a central backbone composed by 4-linked β-glucose units partially branched at position 6 with non-reducing terminal units of α-xylose or β-galactose-(1→2)-α-xylose disaccharides. 25450047 4 18 theme GC/MS 378:382 arg1 analysis 384:391 GC/MS analysis 378:391 GC/MS analysis of the alditol acetates 378:415 The monosaccharide composition was determined by GC/MS analysis of the alditol acetates and showed the occurrence of glucose:xylose:galactose:arabinose (40:34:20:6). 25450047 2 19 theme seed 142:145 arg1 xyloglucan 147:156 Hymenaea courbaril var courbaril seed xyloglucan 109:156 Hymenaea courbaril var courbaril seed xyloglucan 109:156 Hymenaea courbaril var courbaril seed xyloglucan was efficiently extracted with 0.1M NaCl, followed by ethanol precipitation (yield=72±5% w/w). 25450047 5 20 link 4-linked 582:589 arg1 units 601:605 4-linked β-glucose units 582:605 4-linked β-glucose units partially branched at position 6 with non-reducing terminal units of α-xylose or β-galactose-(1→2)-α-xylose disaccharides 582:727 One-(1D) and two-dimensional-(2D) NMR spectra confirmed a central backbone composed by 4-linked β-glucose units partially branched at position 6 with non-reducing terminal units of α-xylose or β-galactose-(1→2)-α-xylose disaccharides. 25450047 8 21 theme H. 1062:1063 arg1 courbaril 1065:1073 H. courbaril 1062:1073 H. courbaril 1062:1073 Overall our results indicate that xyloglucan from H. courbaril is a promising polysaccharide for food and pharmaceutical industries. 25450047 1 22 theme courbaril 92:100 arg1 seeds 102:106 courbaril seeds 92:106 courbaril seeds. 92:107 courbaril seeds. 25450047 4 23 theme glucose 446:452 arg1 occurrence 432:441 the occurrence 428:441 the occurrence of glucose:xylose:galactose:arabinose (40:34:20:6) 428:492 The monosaccharide composition was determined by GC/MS analysis of the alditol acetates and showed the occurrence of glucose:xylose:galactose:arabinose (40:34:20:6). 25450047 6 24 theme viscoelastic 909:920 arg1 fluid 922:926 a viscoelastic fluid 907:926 a viscoelastic fluid 907:926 The xyloglucan solution was evaluated by dynamic light scattering and presents a polydisperse and practically neutral profile, and at 0.5 and 1.0% (w/v) the solutions behave as a viscoelastic fluid. 25450047 6 25 theme dynamic 771:777 arg1 scattering 785:794 dynamic light scattering 771:794 dynamic light scattering 771:794 The xyloglucan solution was evaluated by dynamic light scattering and presents a polydisperse and practically neutral profile, and at 0.5 and 1.0% (w/v) the solutions behave as a viscoelastic fluid. 25450047 5 26 theme central 553:559 arg1 backbone 561:568 a central backbone 551:568 a central backbone composed by 4-linked β-glucose units partially branched at position 6 with non-reducing terminal units of α-xylose or β-galactose-(1→2)-α-xylose disaccharides 551:727 One-(1D) and two-dimensional-(2D) NMR spectra confirmed a central backbone composed by 4-linked β-glucose units partially branched at position 6 with non-reducing terminal units of α-xylose or β-galactose-(1→2)-α-xylose disaccharides. 25450047 0 27 theme rheological 14:24 arg1 properties 26:35 rheological properties 14:35 rheological properties 14:35 Structure and rheological properties of a xyloglucan extracted from Hymenaea courbaril var. 25450047 5 28 theme α-xylose 676:683 arg1 1→2 701:703 1→2 701:703 1→2 701:703 One-(1D) and two-dimensional-(2D) NMR spectra confirmed a central backbone composed by 4-linked β-glucose units partially branched at position 6 with non-reducing terminal units of α-xylose or β-galactose-(1→2)-α-xylose disaccharides. 25450047 5 28 theme α-xylose 676:683 arg1 disaccharides 715:727 α-xylose or β-galactose-(1→2)-α-xylose disaccharides 676:727 α-xylose or β-galactose-(1→2)-α-xylose disaccharides 676:727 One-(1D) and two-dimensional-(2D) NMR spectra confirmed a central backbone composed by 4-linked β-glucose units partially branched at position 6 with non-reducing terminal units of α-xylose or β-galactose-(1→2)-α-xylose disaccharides. 25450047 8 29 theme food 1109:1112 arg1 industries 1133:1142 food and pharmaceutical industries 1109:1142 food and pharmaceutical industries 1109:1142 Overall our results indicate that xyloglucan from H. courbaril is a promising polysaccharide for food and pharmaceutical industries. 25450047 3 30 theme amorphous 257:265 arg1 structure 267:275 Its amorphous structure 253:275 Its amorphous structure 253:275 Its amorphous structure was identified by the pattern of X-ray diffraction. 25450047 2 31 theme 0.1M 189:192 arg1 NaCl 194:197 0.1M NaCl 189:197 0.1M NaCl 189:197 Hymenaea courbaril var courbaril seed xyloglucan was efficiently extracted with 0.1M NaCl, followed by ethanol precipitation (yield=72±5% w/w). 25450047 8 32 theme promising 1080:1088 arg1 polysaccharide 1090:1103 a promising polysaccharide 1078:1103 a promising polysaccharide for food and pharmaceutical industries 1078:1142 Overall our results indicate that xyloglucan from H. courbaril is a promising polysaccharide for food and pharmaceutical industries. 25450047 8 32 theme promising 1080:1088 arg1 xyloglucan 1046:1055 xyloglucan 1046:1055 xyloglucan from H. courbaril 1046:1073 Overall our results indicate that xyloglucan from H. courbaril is a promising polysaccharide for food and pharmaceutical industries. 25450047 5 33 theme β-galactose- 688:699 arg1 1→2 701:703 1→2 701:703 1→2 701:703 One-(1D) and two-dimensional-(2D) NMR spectra confirmed a central backbone composed by 4-linked β-glucose units partially branched at position 6 with non-reducing terminal units of α-xylose or β-galactose-(1→2)-α-xylose disaccharides. 25450047 5 33 theme β-galactose- 688:699 arg1 disaccharides 715:727 α-xylose or β-galactose-(1→2)-α-xylose disaccharides 676:727 α-xylose or β-galactose-(1→2)-α-xylose disaccharides 676:727 One-(1D) and two-dimensional-(2D) NMR spectra confirmed a central backbone composed by 4-linked β-glucose units partially branched at position 6 with non-reducing terminal units of α-xylose or β-galactose-(1→2)-α-xylose disaccharides. 25450047 6 34 theme neutral 840:846 arg1 profile 848:854 a polydisperse and practically neutral profile 809:854 a polydisperse and practically neutral profile 809:854 The xyloglucan solution was evaluated by dynamic light scattering and presents a polydisperse and practically neutral profile, and at 0.5 and 1.0% (w/v) the solutions behave as a viscoelastic fluid. 25450047 5 35 theme two-dimensional- 508:523 arg1 spectra 533:539 two-dimensional-(2D) NMR spectra 508:539 two-dimensional-(2D) NMR spectra 508:539 One-(1D) and two-dimensional-(2D) NMR spectra confirmed a central backbone composed by 4-linked β-glucose units partially branched at position 6 with non-reducing terminal units of α-xylose or β-galactose-(1→2)-α-xylose disaccharides. 25450047 4 36 theme monosaccharide 333:346 arg1 composition 348:358 The monosaccharide composition 329:358 The monosaccharide composition 329:358 The monosaccharide composition was determined by GC/MS analysis of the alditol acetates and showed the occurrence of glucose:xylose:galactose:arabinose (40:34:20:6). 25450047 0 37 theme xyloglucan 42:51 arg1 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure and rheological properties of a xyloglucan extracted from Hymenaea courbaril var. 25450047 0 37 theme xyloglucan 42:51 arg1 properties 26:35 rheological properties 14:35 rheological properties 14:35 Structure and rheological properties of a xyloglucan extracted from Hymenaea courbaril var. 25450047 5 38 theme non-reducing 645:656 arg1 units 667:671 non-reducing terminal units 645:671 non-reducing terminal units of α-xylose or β-galactose-(1→2)-α-xylose disaccharides 645:727 One-(1D) and two-dimensional-(2D) NMR spectra confirmed a central backbone composed by 4-linked β-glucose units partially branched at position 6 with non-reducing terminal units of α-xylose or β-galactose-(1→2)-α-xylose disaccharides. 25450047 2 39 theme ethanol 212:218 arg1 precipitation 220:232 ethanol precipitation 212:232 ethanol precipitation (yield=72±5% w/w) 212:250 Hymenaea courbaril var courbaril seed xyloglucan was efficiently extracted with 0.1M NaCl, followed by ethanol precipitation (yield=72±5% w/w). 25450047 2 39 theme ethanol 212:218 arg1 % 245:245 yield=72±5% w/w 235:249 yield=72±5% w/w 235:249 Hymenaea courbaril var courbaril seed xyloglucan was efficiently extracted with 0.1M NaCl, followed by ethanol precipitation (yield=72±5% w/w). 25450047 6 40 theme polydisperse 811:822 arg1 profile 848:854 a polydisperse and practically neutral profile 809:854 a polydisperse and practically neutral profile 809:854 The xyloglucan solution was evaluated by dynamic light scattering and presents a polydisperse and practically neutral profile, and at 0.5 and 1.0% (w/v) the solutions behave as a viscoelastic fluid. 25450047 5 41 theme 2D 525:526 arg1 spectra 533:539 two-dimensional-(2D) NMR spectra 508:539 two-dimensional-(2D) NMR spectra 508:539 One-(1D) and two-dimensional-(2D) NMR spectra confirmed a central backbone composed by 4-linked β-glucose units partially branched at position 6 with non-reducing terminal units of α-xylose or β-galactose-(1→2)-α-xylose disaccharides. 25450047 5 42 theme terminal 658:665 arg1 units 667:671 non-reducing terminal units 645:671 non-reducing terminal units of α-xylose or β-galactose-(1→2)-α-xylose disaccharides 645:727 One-(1D) and two-dimensional-(2D) NMR spectra confirmed a central backbone composed by 4-linked β-glucose units partially branched at position 6 with non-reducing terminal units of α-xylose or β-galactose-(1→2)-α-xylose disaccharides. 25450047 5 43 theme NMR 529:531 arg1 spectra 533:539 two-dimensional-(2D) NMR spectra 508:539 two-dimensional-(2D) NMR spectra 508:539 One-(1D) and two-dimensional-(2D) NMR spectra confirmed a central backbone composed by 4-linked β-glucose units partially branched at position 6 with non-reducing terminal units of α-xylose or β-galactose-(1→2)-α-xylose disaccharides. 25450047 7 44 theme hemolytic 990:998 arg1 activities 1000:1009 significant antibacterial or hemolytic activities 961:1009 significant antibacterial or hemolytic activities 961:1009 The polysaccharide did not show significant antibacterial or hemolytic activities. 25450047 6 45 theme xyloglucan 734:743 arg1 solution 745:752 The xyloglucan solution 730:752 The xyloglucan solution 730:752 The xyloglucan solution was evaluated by dynamic light scattering and presents a polydisperse and practically neutral profile, and at 0.5 and 1.0% (w/v) the solutions behave as a viscoelastic fluid. 25450047 5 46 theme disaccharides 715:727 arg1 units 667:671 non-reducing terminal units 645:671 non-reducing terminal units of α-xylose or β-galactose-(1→2)-α-xylose disaccharides 645:727 One-(1D) and two-dimensional-(2D) NMR spectra confirmed a central backbone composed by 4-linked β-glucose units partially branched at position 6 with non-reducing terminal units of α-xylose or β-galactose-(1→2)-α-xylose disaccharides. 25450047 2 47 theme courbaril 132:140 arg1 xyloglucan 147:156 Hymenaea courbaril var courbaril seed xyloglucan 109:156 Hymenaea courbaril var courbaril seed xyloglucan 109:156 Hymenaea courbaril var courbaril seed xyloglucan was efficiently extracted with 0.1M NaCl, followed by ethanol precipitation (yield=72±5% w/w). 25450047 2 48 theme w/w 247:249 arg1 precipitation 220:232 ethanol precipitation 212:232 ethanol precipitation (yield=72±5% w/w) 212:250 Hymenaea courbaril var courbaril seed xyloglucan was efficiently extracted with 0.1M NaCl, followed by ethanol precipitation (yield=72±5% w/w). 25450047 2 48 theme w/w 247:249 arg1 % 245:245 yield=72±5% w/w 235:249 yield=72±5% w/w 235:249 Hymenaea courbaril var courbaril seed xyloglucan was efficiently extracted with 0.1M NaCl, followed by ethanol precipitation (yield=72±5% w/w). 26987609 7 0 theme release 1274:1280 arg1 characteristics 1282:1296 tailored drug release characteristics 1260:1296 tailored drug release characteristics 1260:1296 This work shows the potential of custom-made, drug loaded feed materials for 3D printing of precision drug products with tailored drug release characteristics. 26987609 2 1 contain containing 342:351 arg1 acid 282:285 novel polylactic acid and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose based feed materials 265:340 acid 282:285 The production of novel polylactic acid and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose based feed materials containing nitrofurantoin for 3D printing purposes is demonstrated. 26987609 2 1 contain containing 342:351 arg2 nitrofurantoin 353:366 nitrofurantoin 353:366 nitrofurantoin for 3D printing purposes 353:391 The production of novel polylactic acid and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose based feed materials containing nitrofurantoin for 3D printing purposes is demonstrated. 26987609 6 2 theme higher 1115:1120 arg1 loads 1132:1136 higher Metolose® loads 1115:1136 higher Metolose® loads 1115:1136 Release of nitrofurantoin from the disks was dependent on Metolose® loading, with higher accumulated release observed for higher Metolose® loads. 26987609 2 3 theme printing 375:382 arg1 purposes 384:391 3D printing purposes 372:391 3D printing purposes 372:391 The production of novel polylactic acid and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose based feed materials containing nitrofurantoin for 3D printing purposes is demonstrated. 26987609 4 4 theme Thermal 591:597 arg1 analysis 599:606 Thermal analysis 591:606 Thermal analysis with differential scanning calorimetry and solid phase identification with Raman spectroscopy 591:700 Thermal analysis with differential scanning calorimetry and solid phase identification with Raman spectroscopy showed that nitrofurantoin remained in its original solid form during both hot-melt extrusion and subsequent 3D printing. 26987609 5 5 theme Rheological 824:834 arg1 measurements 836:847 Rheological measurements 824:847 Rheological measurements of the different compositions 824:877 Rheological measurements of the different compositions showed that the flow properties were sensitive to the amount of undissolved particles present in the formulation. 26987609 5 6 theme particles 955:963 arg1 particles 955:963 undissolved particles 943:963 undissolved particles 943:963 Rheological measurements of the different compositions showed that the flow properties were sensitive to the amount of undissolved particles present in the formulation. 26987609 5 6 theme particles 955:963 arg1 amount 933:938 the amount 929:938 the amount of undissolved particles present in the formulation 929:990 Rheological measurements of the different compositions showed that the flow properties were sensitive to the amount of undissolved particles present in the formulation. 26987609 2 7 theme 3D 372:373 arg1 purposes 384:391 3D printing purposes 372:391 3D printing purposes 372:391 The production of novel polylactic acid and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose based feed materials containing nitrofurantoin for 3D printing purposes is demonstrated. 26987609 7 8 theme tailored 1260:1267 arg1 characteristics 1282:1296 tailored drug release characteristics 1260:1296 tailored drug release characteristics 1260:1296 This work shows the potential of custom-made, drug loaded feed materials for 3D printing of precision drug products with tailored drug release characteristics. 26987609 7 9 theme custom-made 1172:1182 arg1 materials 1202:1210 custom-made, drug loaded feed materials 1172:1210 custom-made, drug loaded feed materials 1172:1210 This work shows the potential of custom-made, drug loaded feed materials for 3D printing of precision drug products with tailored drug release characteristics. 26987609 5 10 from present 965:971 arg1 formulation 980:990 the formulation 976:990 the formulation 976:990 Rheological measurements of the different compositions showed that the flow properties were sensitive to the amount of undissolved particles present in the formulation. 26987609 4 11 theme 3D 811:812 arg1 printing 814:821 subsequent 3D printing 800:821 subsequent 3D printing 800:821 Thermal analysis with differential scanning calorimetry and solid phase identification with Raman spectroscopy showed that nitrofurantoin remained in its original solid form during both hot-melt extrusion and subsequent 3D printing. 26987609 2 12 theme hydroxypropyl 291:303 arg1 materials 332:340 novel polylactic acid and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose based feed materials 265:340 materials 332:340 The production of novel polylactic acid and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose based feed materials containing nitrofurantoin for 3D printing purposes is demonstrated. 26987609 6 13 theme Metolose® 1051:1059 arg1 loading 1061:1067 Metolose® loading 1051:1067 Metolose® loading 1051:1067 Release of nitrofurantoin from the disks was dependent on Metolose® loading, with higher accumulated release observed for higher Metolose® loads. 26987609 4 14 theme hot-melt 777:784 arg1 extrusion 786:794 hot-melt extrusion 777:794 hot-melt extrusion 777:794 Thermal analysis with differential scanning calorimetry and solid phase identification with Raman spectroscopy showed that nitrofurantoin remained in its original solid form during both hot-melt extrusion and subsequent 3D printing. 26987609 3 15 dep content 511:517 arg1 % 499:499 % 499:499 % 499:499 Nitrofurantoin, Metolose® and polylactic acid were successfully co-extruded with up to 40% Metolose® content, and subsequently 3D printed into model disk geometries (ø10mm, h=2mm). 26987609 2 16 theme acid 282:285 arg1 production 251:260 The production 247:260 The production of novel polylactic acid and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose based feed materials containing nitrofurantoin for 3D printing purposes 247:391 The production of novel polylactic acid and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose based feed materials containing nitrofurantoin for 3D printing purposes is demonstrated. 26987609 1 17 theme active 130:135 arg1 compound 137:144 active compound 130:144 active compound 130:144 This work describes an approach to modify the release of active compound from a 3D printed model drug product geometry intended for flexible dosing and precision medication. 26987609 7 18 theme products 1246:1253 arg1 printing 1219:1226 3D printing 1216:1226 3D printing of precision drug products with tailored drug release characteristics 1216:1296 This work shows the potential of custom-made, drug loaded feed materials for 3D printing of precision drug products with tailored drug release characteristics. 26987609 5 19 theme flow 895:898 arg1 properties 900:909 the flow properties 891:909 the flow properties 891:909 Rheological measurements of the different compositions showed that the flow properties were sensitive to the amount of undissolved particles present in the formulation. 26987609 5 19 theme flow 895:898 arg1 sensitive 916:924 sensitive 916:924 sensitive 916:924 Rheological measurements of the different compositions showed that the flow properties were sensitive to the amount of undissolved particles present in the formulation. 26987609 2 20 theme polylactic 271:280 arg1 acid 282:285 novel polylactic acid and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose based feed materials 265:340 acid 282:285 The production of novel polylactic acid and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose based feed materials containing nitrofurantoin for 3D printing purposes is demonstrated. 26987609 1 21 theme printed 156:162 arg1 geometry 183:190 a 3D printed model drug product geometry 151:190 a 3D printed model drug product geometry intended for flexible dosing and precision medication 151:244 This work describes an approach to modify the release of active compound from a 3D printed model drug product geometry intended for flexible dosing and precision medication. 26987609 7 22 theme materials 1202:1210 arg1 potential 1159:1167 the potential 1155:1167 the potential of custom-made, drug loaded feed materials for 3D printing of precision drug products with tailored drug release characteristics 1155:1296 This work shows the potential of custom-made, drug loaded feed materials for 3D printing of precision drug products with tailored drug release characteristics. 26987609 5 23 attach present 965:971 arg2 amount 933:938 the amount 929:938 the amount of undissolved particles present in the formulation 929:990 Rheological measurements of the different compositions showed that the flow properties were sensitive to the amount of undissolved particles present in the formulation. 26987609 5 23 attach present 965:971 arg1 formulation 980:990 the formulation 976:990 the formulation 976:990 Rheological measurements of the different compositions showed that the flow properties were sensitive to the amount of undissolved particles present in the formulation. 26987609 5 23 attach present 965:971 arg2 particles 955:963 undissolved particles 943:963 undissolved particles 943:963 Rheological measurements of the different compositions showed that the flow properties were sensitive to the amount of undissolved particles present in the formulation. 26987609 3 24 theme polylactic 440:449 arg1 acid 451:454 polylactic acid 440:454 polylactic acid 440:454 Nitrofurantoin, Metolose® and polylactic acid were successfully co-extruded with up to 40% Metolose® content, and subsequently 3D printed into model disk geometries (ø10mm, h=2mm). 26987609 5 25 from formulation 980:990 arg1 present 965:971 present 965:971 present 965:971 Rheological measurements of the different compositions showed that the flow properties were sensitive to the amount of undissolved particles present in the formulation. 26987609 2 26 theme novel 265:269 arg1 acid 282:285 novel polylactic acid and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose based feed materials 265:340 acid 282:285 The production of novel polylactic acid and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose based feed materials containing nitrofurantoin for 3D printing purposes is demonstrated. 26987609 1 27 theme model 164:168 arg1 geometry 183:190 a 3D printed model drug product geometry 151:190 a 3D printed model drug product geometry intended for flexible dosing and precision medication 151:244 This work describes an approach to modify the release of active compound from a 3D printed model drug product geometry intended for flexible dosing and precision medication. 26987609 0 28 theme release 10:16 arg1 characteristics 18:32 release characteristics 10:32 release characteristics 10:32 Modifying release characteristics from 3D printed drug-eluting products. 26987609 5 29 theme present 965:971 arg1 particles 955:963 undissolved particles 943:963 undissolved particles 943:963 Rheological measurements of the different compositions showed that the flow properties were sensitive to the amount of undissolved particles present in the formulation. 26987609 5 29 theme present 965:971 arg1 amount 933:938 the amount 929:938 the amount of undissolved particles present in the formulation 929:990 Rheological measurements of the different compositions showed that the flow properties were sensitive to the amount of undissolved particles present in the formulation. 26987609 2 30 theme feed 327:330 arg1 materials 332:340 novel polylactic acid and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose based feed materials 265:340 materials 332:340 The production of novel polylactic acid and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose based feed materials containing nitrofurantoin for 3D printing purposes is demonstrated. 26987609 7 31 theme precision 1231:1239 arg1 products 1246:1253 precision drug products 1231:1253 precision drug products 1231:1253 This work shows the potential of custom-made, drug loaded feed materials for 3D printing of precision drug products with tailored drug release characteristics. 26987609 1 32 theme drug 170:173 arg1 geometry 183:190 a 3D printed model drug product geometry 151:190 a 3D printed model drug product geometry intended for flexible dosing and precision medication 151:244 This work describes an approach to modify the release of active compound from a 3D printed model drug product geometry intended for flexible dosing and precision medication. 26987609 5 33 theme compositions 866:877 arg1 measurements 836:847 Rheological measurements 824:847 Rheological measurements of the different compositions 824:877 Rheological measurements of the different compositions showed that the flow properties were sensitive to the amount of undissolved particles present in the formulation. 26987609 6 34 dep accumulated 1082:1092 arg1 higher 1075:1080 higher 1075:1080 higher 1075:1080 Release of nitrofurantoin from the disks was dependent on Metolose® loading, with higher accumulated release observed for higher Metolose® loads. 26987609 2 35 theme based 321:325 arg1 materials 332:340 novel polylactic acid and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose based feed materials 265:340 materials 332:340 The production of novel polylactic acid and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose based feed materials containing nitrofurantoin for 3D printing purposes is demonstrated. 26987609 1 36 theme product 175:181 arg1 geometry 183:190 a 3D printed model drug product geometry 151:190 a 3D printed model drug product geometry intended for flexible dosing and precision medication 151:244 This work describes an approach to modify the release of active compound from a 3D printed model drug product geometry intended for flexible dosing and precision medication. 26987609 4 37 theme differential 613:624 arg1 calorimetry 635:645 differential scanning calorimetry 613:645 differential scanning calorimetry 613:645 Thermal analysis with differential scanning calorimetry and solid phase identification with Raman spectroscopy showed that nitrofurantoin remained in its original solid form during both hot-melt extrusion and subsequent 3D printing. 26987609 6 38 from disks 1028:1032 arg1 Release 993:999 Release 993:999 Release of nitrofurantoin from the disks 993:1032 Release of nitrofurantoin from the disks was dependent on Metolose® loading, with higher accumulated release observed for higher Metolose® loads. 26987609 2 39 theme methylcellulose 305:319 arg1 materials 332:340 novel polylactic acid and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose based feed materials 265:340 materials 332:340 The production of novel polylactic acid and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose based feed materials containing nitrofurantoin for 3D printing purposes is demonstrated. 26987609 4 40 theme phase 657:661 arg1 identification 663:676 solid phase identification 651:676 solid phase identification 651:676 Thermal analysis with differential scanning calorimetry and solid phase identification with Raman spectroscopy showed that nitrofurantoin remained in its original solid form during both hot-melt extrusion and subsequent 3D printing. 26987609 7 41 dep loaded 1190:1195 arg1 drug 1185:1188 drug 1185:1188 drug 1185:1188 This work shows the potential of custom-made, drug loaded feed materials for 3D printing of precision drug products with tailored drug release characteristics. 26987609 3 42 theme model 553:557 arg1 geometries 564:573 model disk geometries 553:573 model disk geometries (ø10mm, h=2mm) 553:588 Nitrofurantoin, Metolose® and polylactic acid were successfully co-extruded with up to 40% Metolose® content, and subsequently 3D printed into model disk geometries (ø10mm, h=2mm). 26987609 7 43 dep custom-made 1172:1182 arg1 loaded 1190:1195 loaded 1190:1195 loaded 1190:1195 This work shows the potential of custom-made, drug loaded feed materials for 3D printing of precision drug products with tailored drug release characteristics. 26987609 1 44 theme 3D 153:154 arg1 geometry 183:190 a 3D printed model drug product geometry 151:190 a 3D printed model drug product geometry intended for flexible dosing and precision medication 151:244 This work describes an approach to modify the release of active compound from a 3D printed model drug product geometry intended for flexible dosing and precision medication. 26987609 4 45 theme solid 651:655 arg1 identification 663:676 solid phase identification 651:676 solid phase identification 651:676 Thermal analysis with differential scanning calorimetry and solid phase identification with Raman spectroscopy showed that nitrofurantoin remained in its original solid form during both hot-melt extrusion and subsequent 3D printing. 26987609 0 46 theme printed 42:48 arg1 products 63:70 3D printed drug-eluting products 39:70 3D printed drug-eluting products 39:70 Modifying release characteristics from 3D printed drug-eluting products. 26987609 7 47 theme drug 1241:1244 arg1 products 1246:1253 precision drug products 1231:1253 precision drug products 1231:1253 This work shows the potential of custom-made, drug loaded feed materials for 3D printing of precision drug products with tailored drug release characteristics. 26987609 0 48 theme 3D 39:40 arg1 products 63:70 3D printed drug-eluting products 39:70 3D printed drug-eluting products 39:70 Modifying release characteristics from 3D printed drug-eluting products. 26987609 7 49 theme 3D 1216:1217 arg1 printing 1219:1226 3D printing 1216:1226 3D printing of precision drug products with tailored drug release characteristics 1216:1296 This work shows the potential of custom-made, drug loaded feed materials for 3D printing of precision drug products with tailored drug release characteristics. 26987609 4 50 theme subsequent 800:809 arg1 printing 814:821 subsequent 3D printing 800:821 subsequent 3D printing 800:821 Thermal analysis with differential scanning calorimetry and solid phase identification with Raman spectroscopy showed that nitrofurantoin remained in its original solid form during both hot-melt extrusion and subsequent 3D printing. 26987609 4 51 with calorimetry 635:645 arg1 spectroscopy 689:700 Raman spectroscopy 683:700 Raman spectroscopy 683:700 Thermal analysis with differential scanning calorimetry and solid phase identification with Raman spectroscopy showed that nitrofurantoin remained in its original solid form during both hot-melt extrusion and subsequent 3D printing. 26987609 1 52 theme flexible 205:212 arg1 dosing 214:219 flexible dosing 205:219 flexible dosing 205:219 This work describes an approach to modify the release of active compound from a 3D printed model drug product geometry intended for flexible dosing and precision medication. 26987609 7 53 theme feed 1197:1200 arg1 materials 1202:1210 custom-made, drug loaded feed materials 1172:1210 custom-made, drug loaded feed materials 1172:1210 This work shows the potential of custom-made, drug loaded feed materials for 3D printing of precision drug products with tailored drug release characteristics. 26987609 6 54 theme nitrofurantoin 1004:1017 arg1 Release 993:999 Release 993:999 Release of nitrofurantoin from the disks 993:1032 Release of nitrofurantoin from the disks was dependent on Metolose® loading, with higher accumulated release observed for higher Metolose® loads. 26987609 6 55 with dependent 1038:1046 arg1 release 1094:1100 higher accumulated release 1075:1100 higher accumulated release observed for higher Metolose® loads 1075:1136 Release of nitrofurantoin from the disks was dependent on Metolose® loading, with higher accumulated release observed for higher Metolose® loads. 26987609 4 56 theme solid 754:758 arg1 form 760:763 its original solid form 741:763 its original solid form 741:763 Thermal analysis with differential scanning calorimetry and solid phase identification with Raman spectroscopy showed that nitrofurantoin remained in its original solid form during both hot-melt extrusion and subsequent 3D printing. 26987609 0 57 theme drug-eluting 50:61 arg1 products 63:70 3D printed drug-eluting products 39:70 3D printed drug-eluting products 39:70 Modifying release characteristics from 3D printed drug-eluting products. 26987609 1 58 from geometry 183:190 arg1 release 119:125 the release 115:125 the release of active compound from a 3D printed model drug product geometry intended for flexible dosing and precision medication 115:244 This work describes an approach to modify the release of active compound from a 3D printed model drug product geometry intended for flexible dosing and precision medication. 26987609 4 59 theme original 745:752 arg1 form 760:763 its original solid form 741:763 its original solid form 741:763 Thermal analysis with differential scanning calorimetry and solid phase identification with Raman spectroscopy showed that nitrofurantoin remained in its original solid form during both hot-melt extrusion and subsequent 3D printing. 26987609 4 60 with identification 663:676 arg1 spectroscopy 689:700 Raman spectroscopy 683:700 Raman spectroscopy 683:700 Thermal analysis with differential scanning calorimetry and solid phase identification with Raman spectroscopy showed that nitrofurantoin remained in its original solid form during both hot-melt extrusion and subsequent 3D printing. 26987609 6 61 theme accumulated 1082:1092 arg1 release 1094:1100 higher accumulated release 1075:1100 higher accumulated release observed for higher Metolose® loads 1075:1136 Release of nitrofurantoin from the disks was dependent on Metolose® loading, with higher accumulated release observed for higher Metolose® loads. 26987609 3 62 theme Metolose® 501:509 arg1 content 511:517 up to 40% Metolose® content 491:517 up to 40% Metolose® content 491:517 Nitrofurantoin, Metolose® and polylactic acid were successfully co-extruded with up to 40% Metolose® content, and subsequently 3D printed into model disk geometries (ø10mm, h=2mm). 26987609 4 63 theme scanning 626:633 arg1 calorimetry 635:645 differential scanning calorimetry 613:645 differential scanning calorimetry 613:645 Thermal analysis with differential scanning calorimetry and solid phase identification with Raman spectroscopy showed that nitrofurantoin remained in its original solid form during both hot-melt extrusion and subsequent 3D printing. 26987609 3 64 theme disk 559:562 arg1 geometries 564:573 model disk geometries 553:573 model disk geometries (ø10mm, h=2mm) 553:588 Nitrofurantoin, Metolose® and polylactic acid were successfully co-extruded with up to 40% Metolose® content, and subsequently 3D printed into model disk geometries (ø10mm, h=2mm). 26987609 4 65 with analysis 599:606 arg1 identification 663:676 solid phase identification 651:676 solid phase identification 651:676 Thermal analysis with differential scanning calorimetry and solid phase identification with Raman spectroscopy showed that nitrofurantoin remained in its original solid form during both hot-melt extrusion and subsequent 3D printing. 26987609 4 65 with analysis 599:606 arg1 calorimetry 635:645 differential scanning calorimetry 613:645 differential scanning calorimetry 613:645 Thermal analysis with differential scanning calorimetry and solid phase identification with Raman spectroscopy showed that nitrofurantoin remained in its original solid form during both hot-melt extrusion and subsequent 3D printing. 26987609 2 66 theme materials 332:340 arg1 production 251:260 The production 247:260 The production of novel polylactic acid and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose based feed materials containing nitrofurantoin for 3D printing purposes 247:391 The production of novel polylactic acid and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose based feed materials containing nitrofurantoin for 3D printing purposes is demonstrated. 26987609 3 67 dep geometries 564:573 arg1 h=2mm 583:587 h=2mm 583:587 h=2mm 583:587 Nitrofurantoin, Metolose® and polylactic acid were successfully co-extruded with up to 40% Metolose® content, and subsequently 3D printed into model disk geometries (ø10mm, h=2mm). 26987609 3 67 dep geometries 564:573 arg1 ø10mm 576:580 ø10mm 576:580 ø10mm 576:580 Nitrofurantoin, Metolose® and polylactic acid were successfully co-extruded with up to 40% Metolose® content, and subsequently 3D printed into model disk geometries (ø10mm, h=2mm). 26987609 3 68 dep 40 497:498 arg1 to 494:495 to 494:495 to 494:495 Nitrofurantoin, Metolose® and polylactic acid were successfully co-extruded with up to 40% Metolose® content, and subsequently 3D printed into model disk geometries (ø10mm, h=2mm). 26987609 6 69 theme Metolose® 1122:1130 arg1 loads 1132:1136 higher Metolose® loads 1115:1136 higher Metolose® loads 1115:1136 Release of nitrofurantoin from the disks was dependent on Metolose® loading, with higher accumulated release observed for higher Metolose® loads. 26987609 1 70 theme compound 137:144 arg1 release 119:125 the release 115:125 the release of active compound from a 3D printed model drug product geometry intended for flexible dosing and precision medication 115:244 This work describes an approach to modify the release of active compound from a 3D printed model drug product geometry intended for flexible dosing and precision medication. 26987609 4 71 theme Raman 683:687 arg1 spectroscopy 689:700 Raman spectroscopy 683:700 Raman spectroscopy 683:700 Thermal analysis with differential scanning calorimetry and solid phase identification with Raman spectroscopy showed that nitrofurantoin remained in its original solid form during both hot-melt extrusion and subsequent 3D printing. 26987609 1 72 theme precision 225:233 arg1 medication 235:244 precision medication 225:244 precision medication 225:244 This work describes an approach to modify the release of active compound from a 3D printed model drug product geometry intended for flexible dosing and precision medication. 26987609 5 73 theme different 856:864 arg1 compositions 866:877 the different compositions 852:877 the different compositions 852:877 Rheological measurements of the different compositions showed that the flow properties were sensitive to the amount of undissolved particles present in the formulation. 26987609 7 74 with printing 1219:1226 arg1 characteristics 1282:1296 tailored drug release characteristics 1260:1296 tailored drug release characteristics 1260:1296 This work shows the potential of custom-made, drug loaded feed materials for 3D printing of precision drug products with tailored drug release characteristics. 26987609 3 75 dep % 499:499 arg1 40 497:498 40 497:498 40 497:498 Nitrofurantoin, Metolose® and polylactic acid were successfully co-extruded with up to 40% Metolose® content, and subsequently 3D printed into model disk geometries (ø10mm, h=2mm). 26987609 5 76 theme undissolved 943:953 arg1 particles 955:963 undissolved particles 943:963 undissolved particles 943:963 Rheological measurements of the different compositions showed that the flow properties were sensitive to the amount of undissolved particles present in the formulation. 26987609 7 77 theme drug 1269:1272 arg1 characteristics 1282:1296 tailored drug release characteristics 1260:1296 tailored drug release characteristics 1260:1296 This work shows the potential of custom-made, drug loaded feed materials for 3D printing of precision drug products with tailored drug release characteristics. 26794943 0 0 theme high 85:88 arg1 amount 90:95 high amount 85:95 high amount of esterified starch without plasticizer 85:136 Preparation and properties of thermoplastic poly(caprolactone) composites containing high amount of esterified starch without plasticizer. 26794943 0 0 theme high 85:88 arg1 starch 111:116 esterified starch 100:116 esterified starch without plasticizer 100:136 Preparation and properties of thermoplastic poly(caprolactone) composites containing high amount of esterified starch without plasticizer. 26794943 5 1 theme tensile 791:797 arg1 strength 799:806 tensile strength 791:806 tensile strength 791:806 The tensile strength and elongation at break were increased from 2.7 MPa to 56% for PCL/native starch composites to 9.1 MPa and 626% for PCL/esterified starch ones with DS of 1.50, respectively. 26794943 5 2 dep MPa 856:858 arg1 to 860:861 to 860:861 to 860:861 The tensile strength and elongation at break were increased from 2.7 MPa to 56% for PCL/native starch composites to 9.1 MPa and 626% for PCL/esterified starch ones with DS of 1.50, respectively. 26794943 8 3 theme PCL 1193:1195 arg1 composites 1197:1206 PCL composites 1193:1206 PCL composites containing 80 wt% esterified starch with favorable mechanical properties 1193:1279 PCL composites containing 80 wt% esterified starch with favorable mechanical properties would have great potential applications in broad areas. 26794943 4 4 theme composites 747:756 arg1 properties 711:720 the tensile properties 699:720 the tensile properties of PCL/esterified starch composites 699:756 Compared with PCL/native starch, the tensile properties of PCL/esterified starch composites were significantly enhanced. 26794943 5 5 theme PCL/esterified 924:937 arg1 ones 946:949 PCL/esterified starch ones 924:949 PCL/esterified starch ones with DS of 1.50 924:965 The tensile strength and elongation at break were increased from 2.7 MPa to 56% for PCL/native starch composites to 9.1 MPa and 626% for PCL/esterified starch ones with DS of 1.50, respectively. 26794943 5 6 from break 826:830 arg1 elongation 812:821 elongation 812:821 elongation 812:821 The tensile strength and elongation at break were increased from 2.7 MPa to 56% for PCL/native starch composites to 9.1 MPa and 626% for PCL/esterified starch ones with DS of 1.50, respectively. 26794943 5 6 from break 826:830 arg1 strength 799:806 tensile strength 791:806 tensile strength 791:806 The tensile strength and elongation at break were increased from 2.7 MPa to 56% for PCL/native starch composites to 9.1 MPa and 626% for PCL/esterified starch ones with DS of 1.50, respectively. 26794943 7 7 dep resistance 1105:1114 arg1 the 1095:1097 the 1095:1097 the 1095:1097 In addition, the water resistance and hydrophobic character of PCL/esterified starch composites were improved. 26794943 3 8 theme poly 470:473 arg1 blending 427:434 the melt blending 418:434 the melt blending of esterified starch (80 wt%) and poly(caprolactone) (PCL, 20 wt%) 418:501 During the melt blending of esterified starch (80 wt%) and poly(caprolactone) (PCL, 20 wt%), it was shown the torque of PCL/esterified starch was much lower than that of PCL/native starch without any plasticizer, and further decreased with increasing DS. 26794943 8 9 theme mechanical 1259:1268 arg1 properties 1270:1279 favorable mechanical properties 1249:1279 favorable mechanical properties 1249:1279 PCL composites containing 80 wt% esterified starch with favorable mechanical properties would have great potential applications in broad areas. 26794943 6 10 dep revealed 998:1005 arg1 became 1049:1054 became 1049:1054 revealed the esterified starch particles in matrix became smaller and more uniform 998:1079 SEM observation revealed the esterified starch particles in matrix became smaller and more uniform. 26794943 6 11 theme starch 1022:1027 arg1 particles 1029:1037 the esterified starch particles 1007:1037 the esterified starch particles in matrix 1007:1047 SEM observation revealed the esterified starch particles in matrix became smaller and more uniform. 26794943 8 12 theme wt 1222:1223 arg1 % 1224:1224 80 wt% 1219:1224 80 wt% esterified starch 1219:1242 PCL composites containing 80 wt% esterified starch with favorable mechanical properties would have great potential applications in broad areas. 26794943 7 13 theme water 1099:1103 arg1 resistance 1105:1114 water resistance 1099:1114 water resistance 1099:1114 In addition, the water resistance and hydrophobic character of PCL/esterified starch composites were improved. 26794943 0 14 theme starch 111:116 arg1 amount 90:95 high amount 85:95 high amount of esterified starch without plasticizer 85:136 Preparation and properties of thermoplastic poly(caprolactone) composites containing high amount of esterified starch without plasticizer. 26794943 0 14 theme starch 111:116 arg1 starch 111:116 esterified starch 100:116 esterified starch without plasticizer 100:136 Preparation and properties of thermoplastic poly(caprolactone) composites containing high amount of esterified starch without plasticizer. 26794943 5 15 theme 1.50 962:965 arg1 DS 956:957 DS 956:957 DS of 1.50 956:965 The tensile strength and elongation at break were increased from 2.7 MPa to 56% for PCL/native starch composites to 9.1 MPa and 626% for PCL/esterified starch ones with DS of 1.50, respectively. 26794943 5 16 theme 56 863:864 arg1 MPa 856:858 MPa 856:858 MPa 856:858 The tensile strength and elongation at break were increased from 2.7 MPa to 56% for PCL/native starch composites to 9.1 MPa and 626% for PCL/esterified starch ones with DS of 1.50, respectively. 26794943 1 17 theme native 169:174 arg1 starch 176:181 native starch 169:181 native starch 169:181 Based on stearyl chloride and native starch, esterified starch were prepared and the chemical structure was characterized by (1)H NMR and FTIR. 26794943 0 18 theme esterified 100:109 arg1 starch 111:116 esterified starch 100:116 esterified starch without plasticizer 100:136 Preparation and properties of thermoplastic poly(caprolactone) composites containing high amount of esterified starch without plasticizer. 26794943 3 19 theme PCL/native 581:590 arg1 starch 592:597 PCL/native starch 581:597 PCL/native starch 581:597 During the melt blending of esterified starch (80 wt%) and poly(caprolactone) (PCL, 20 wt%), it was shown the torque of PCL/esterified starch was much lower than that of PCL/native starch without any plasticizer, and further decreased with increasing DS. 26794943 6 20 theme SEM 982:984 arg1 observation 986:996 SEM observation 982:996 SEM observation 982:996 SEM observation revealed the esterified starch particles in matrix became smaller and more uniform. 26794943 8 21 theme esterified 1226:1235 arg1 starch 1237:1242 80 wt% esterified starch 1219:1242 80 wt% esterified starch 1219:1242 PCL composites containing 80 wt% esterified starch with favorable mechanical properties would have great potential applications in broad areas. 26794943 2 22 theme esterified 354:363 arg1 starch 365:370 esterified starch 354:370 esterified starch 354:370 It was found that stearyl chloride was an efficient agent to fabricate esterified starch with high degree of substitution (DS). 26794943 4 23 theme starch 740:745 arg1 composites 747:756 PCL/esterified starch composites 725:756 PCL/esterified starch composites 725:756 Compared with PCL/native starch, the tensile properties of PCL/esterified starch composites were significantly enhanced. 26794943 5 24 theme starch 882:887 arg1 composites 889:898 PCL/native starch composites 871:898 PCL/native starch composites to 9.1 MPa 871:909 The tensile strength and elongation at break were increased from 2.7 MPa to 56% for PCL/native starch composites to 9.1 MPa and 626% for PCL/esterified starch ones with DS of 1.50, respectively. 26794943 8 25 theme favorable 1249:1257 arg1 properties 1270:1279 favorable mechanical properties 1249:1279 favorable mechanical properties 1249:1279 PCL composites containing 80 wt% esterified starch with favorable mechanical properties would have great potential applications in broad areas. 26794943 4 26 theme PCL/esterified 725:738 arg1 composites 747:756 PCL/esterified starch composites 725:756 PCL/esterified starch composites 725:756 Compared with PCL/native starch, the tensile properties of PCL/esterified starch composites were significantly enhanced. 26794943 5 27 dep strength 799:806 arg1 The 787:789 The 787:789 The 787:789 The tensile strength and elongation at break were increased from 2.7 MPa to 56% for PCL/native starch composites to 9.1 MPa and 626% for PCL/esterified starch ones with DS of 1.50, respectively. 26794943 1 28 theme esterified 184:193 arg1 starch 195:200 esterified starch 184:200 esterified starch 184:200 Based on stearyl chloride and native starch, esterified starch were prepared and the chemical structure was characterized by (1)H NMR and FTIR. 26794943 1 29 theme H 267:267 arg1 NMR 269:271 (1)H NMR 264:271 (1)H NMR 264:271 Based on stearyl chloride and native starch, esterified starch were prepared and the chemical structure was characterized by (1)H NMR and FTIR. 26794943 8 30 contain containing 1208:1217 arg1 composites 1197:1206 PCL composites 1193:1206 PCL composites containing 80 wt% esterified starch with favorable mechanical properties 1193:1279 PCL composites containing 80 wt% esterified starch with favorable mechanical properties would have great potential applications in broad areas. 26794943 8 30 contain containing 1208:1217 arg2 starch 1237:1242 80 wt% esterified starch 1219:1242 80 wt% esterified starch 1219:1242 PCL composites containing 80 wt% esterified starch with favorable mechanical properties would have great potential applications in broad areas. 26794943 8 31 theme great 1292:1296 arg1 applications 1308:1319 great potential applications 1292:1319 great potential applications 1292:1319 PCL composites containing 80 wt% esterified starch with favorable mechanical properties would have great potential applications in broad areas. 26794943 6 32 theme esterified 1011:1020 arg1 particles 1029:1037 the esterified starch particles 1007:1037 the esterified starch particles in matrix 1007:1047 SEM observation revealed the esterified starch particles in matrix became smaller and more uniform. 26794943 2 33 theme substitution 392:403 arg1 degree 382:387 high degree 377:387 high degree of substitution (DS) 377:408 It was found that stearyl chloride was an efficient agent to fabricate esterified starch with high degree of substitution (DS). 26794943 5 34 theme starch 939:944 arg1 ones 946:949 PCL/esterified starch ones 924:949 PCL/esterified starch ones with DS of 1.50 924:965 The tensile strength and elongation at break were increased from 2.7 MPa to 56% for PCL/native starch composites to 9.1 MPa and 626% for PCL/esterified starch ones with DS of 1.50, respectively. 26794943 5 35 theme 2.7 852:854 arg1 MPa 856:858 MPa 856:858 MPa 856:858 The tensile strength and elongation at break were increased from 2.7 MPa to 56% for PCL/native starch composites to 9.1 MPa and 626% for PCL/esterified starch ones with DS of 1.50, respectively. 26794943 6 36 from particles 1029:1037 arg1 matrix 1042:1047 matrix 1042:1047 matrix 1042:1047 SEM observation revealed the esterified starch particles in matrix became smaller and more uniform. 26794943 3 37 theme melt 422:425 arg1 blending 427:434 the melt blending 418:434 the melt blending of esterified starch (80 wt%) and poly(caprolactone) (PCL, 20 wt%) 418:501 During the melt blending of esterified starch (80 wt%) and poly(caprolactone) (PCL, 20 wt%), it was shown the torque of PCL/esterified starch was much lower than that of PCL/native starch without any plasticizer, and further decreased with increasing DS. 26794943 0 38 theme poly 44:47 arg1 composites 63:72 thermoplastic poly(caprolactone) composites 30:72 thermoplastic poly(caprolactone) composites 30:72 Preparation and properties of thermoplastic poly(caprolactone) composites containing high amount of esterified starch without plasticizer. 26794943 3 39 theme starch 450:455 arg1 blending 427:434 the melt blending 418:434 the melt blending of esterified starch (80 wt%) and poly(caprolactone) (PCL, 20 wt%) 418:501 During the melt blending of esterified starch (80 wt%) and poly(caprolactone) (PCL, 20 wt%), it was shown the torque of PCL/esterified starch was much lower than that of PCL/native starch without any plasticizer, and further decreased with increasing DS. 26794943 7 40 theme composites 1167:1176 arg1 resistance 1105:1114 water resistance 1099:1114 water resistance 1099:1114 In addition, the water resistance and hydrophobic character of PCL/esterified starch composites were improved. 26794943 7 40 theme composites 1167:1176 arg1 character 1132:1140 hydrophobic character 1120:1140 hydrophobic character 1120:1140 In addition, the water resistance and hydrophobic character of PCL/esterified starch composites were improved. 26794943 3 41 theme wt 498:499 arg1 % 500:500 20 wt% 495:500 20 wt% 495:500 During the melt blending of esterified starch (80 wt%) and poly(caprolactone) (PCL, 20 wt%), it was shown the torque of PCL/esterified starch was much lower than that of PCL/native starch without any plasticizer, and further decreased with increasing DS. 26794943 3 41 theme wt 498:499 arg1 PCL 490:492 PCL 490:492 PCL 490:492 During the melt blending of esterified starch (80 wt%) and poly(caprolactone) (PCL, 20 wt%), it was shown the torque of PCL/esterified starch was much lower than that of PCL/native starch without any plasticizer, and further decreased with increasing DS. 26794943 5 42 with ones 946:949 arg1 DS 956:957 DS 956:957 DS of 1.50 956:965 The tensile strength and elongation at break were increased from 2.7 MPa to 56% for PCL/native starch composites to 9.1 MPa and 626% for PCL/esterified starch ones with DS of 1.50, respectively. 26794943 2 43 theme high 377:380 arg1 degree 382:387 high degree 377:387 high degree of substitution (DS) 377:408 It was found that stearyl chloride was an efficient agent to fabricate esterified starch with high degree of substitution (DS). 26794943 0 44 theme thermoplastic 30:42 arg1 poly 44:47 thermoplastic poly 30:47 thermoplastic poly(caprolactone) composites 30:72 Preparation and properties of thermoplastic poly(caprolactone) composites containing high amount of esterified starch without plasticizer. 26794943 0 44 theme thermoplastic 30:42 arg1 caprolactone 49:60 caprolactone 49:60 caprolactone 49:60 Preparation and properties of thermoplastic poly(caprolactone) composites containing high amount of esterified starch without plasticizer. 26794943 8 45 theme % 1224:1224 arg1 starch 1237:1242 80 wt% esterified starch 1219:1242 80 wt% esterified starch 1219:1242 PCL composites containing 80 wt% esterified starch with favorable mechanical properties would have great potential applications in broad areas. 26794943 4 46 theme tensile 703:709 arg1 properties 711:720 the tensile properties 699:720 the tensile properties of PCL/esterified starch composites 699:756 Compared with PCL/native starch, the tensile properties of PCL/esterified starch composites were significantly enhanced. 26794943 3 47 theme esterified 439:448 arg1 starch 450:455 esterified starch 439:455 esterified starch (80 wt%) 439:464 During the melt blending of esterified starch (80 wt%) and poly(caprolactone) (PCL, 20 wt%), it was shown the torque of PCL/esterified starch was much lower than that of PCL/native starch without any plasticizer, and further decreased with increasing DS. 26794943 3 47 theme esterified 439:448 arg1 % 463:463 80 wt% 458:463 80 wt% 458:463 During the melt blending of esterified starch (80 wt%) and poly(caprolactone) (PCL, 20 wt%), it was shown the torque of PCL/esterified starch was much lower than that of PCL/native starch without any plasticizer, and further decreased with increasing DS. 26794943 8 48 contain have 1287:1290 arg1 composites 1197:1206 PCL composites 1193:1206 PCL composites containing 80 wt% esterified starch with favorable mechanical properties 1193:1279 PCL composites containing 80 wt% esterified starch with favorable mechanical properties would have great potential applications in broad areas. 26794943 8 48 contain have 1287:1290 arg2 applications 1308:1319 great potential applications 1292:1319 great potential applications 1292:1319 PCL composites containing 80 wt% esterified starch with favorable mechanical properties would have great potential applications in broad areas. 26794943 8 49 theme potential 1298:1306 arg1 applications 1308:1319 great potential applications 1292:1319 great potential applications 1292:1319 PCL composites containing 80 wt% esterified starch with favorable mechanical properties would have great potential applications in broad areas. 26794943 8 50 theme broad 1324:1328 arg1 areas 1330:1334 broad areas 1324:1334 broad areas 1324:1334 PCL composites containing 80 wt% esterified starch with favorable mechanical properties would have great potential applications in broad areas. 26794943 7 51 theme PCL/esterified 1145:1158 arg1 composites 1167:1176 PCL/esterified starch composites 1145:1176 PCL/esterified starch composites 1145:1176 In addition, the water resistance and hydrophobic character of PCL/esterified starch composites were improved. 26794943 2 52 theme stearyl 301:307 arg1 chloride 309:316 stearyl chloride 301:316 stearyl chloride 301:316 It was found that stearyl chloride was an efficient agent to fabricate esterified starch with high degree of substitution (DS). 26794943 2 52 theme stearyl 301:307 arg1 agent 335:339 an efficient agent 322:339 an efficient agent to fabricate esterified starch with high degree of substitution (DS) 322:408 It was found that stearyl chloride was an efficient agent to fabricate esterified starch with high degree of substitution (DS). 26794943 7 53 theme hydrophobic 1120:1130 arg1 character 1132:1140 hydrophobic character 1120:1140 hydrophobic character 1120:1140 In addition, the water resistance and hydrophobic character of PCL/esterified starch composites were improved. 26794943 3 54 dep poly 470:473 arg1 % 500:500 20 wt% 495:500 20 wt% 495:500 During the melt blending of esterified starch (80 wt%) and poly(caprolactone) (PCL, 20 wt%), it was shown the torque of PCL/esterified starch was much lower than that of PCL/native starch without any plasticizer, and further decreased with increasing DS. 26794943 3 54 dep poly 470:473 arg1 PCL 490:492 PCL 490:492 PCL 490:492 During the melt blending of esterified starch (80 wt%) and poly(caprolactone) (PCL, 20 wt%), it was shown the torque of PCL/esterified starch was much lower than that of PCL/native starch without any plasticizer, and further decreased with increasing DS. 26794943 3 55 theme PCL/esterified 531:544 arg1 starch 546:551 PCL/esterified starch 531:551 PCL/esterified starch 531:551 During the melt blending of esterified starch (80 wt%) and poly(caprolactone) (PCL, 20 wt%), it was shown the torque of PCL/esterified starch was much lower than that of PCL/native starch without any plasticizer, and further decreased with increasing DS. 26794943 5 56 theme PCL/native 871:880 arg1 composites 889:898 PCL/native starch composites 871:898 PCL/native starch composites to 9.1 MPa 871:909 The tensile strength and elongation at break were increased from 2.7 MPa to 56% for PCL/native starch composites to 9.1 MPa and 626% for PCL/esterified starch ones with DS of 1.50, respectively. 26794943 1 57 theme stearyl 148:154 arg1 chloride 156:163 stearyl chloride 148:163 stearyl chloride 148:163 Based on stearyl chloride and native starch, esterified starch were prepared and the chemical structure was characterized by (1)H NMR and FTIR. 26794943 1 58 theme chemical 224:231 arg1 structure 233:241 the chemical structure 220:241 the chemical structure 220:241 Based on stearyl chloride and native starch, esterified starch were prepared and the chemical structure was characterized by (1)H NMR and FTIR. 26794943 0 59 theme composites 63:72 arg1 properties 16:25 properties 16:25 properties 16:25 Preparation and properties of thermoplastic poly(caprolactone) composites containing high amount of esterified starch without plasticizer. 26794943 0 59 theme composites 63:72 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and properties of thermoplastic poly(caprolactone) composites containing high amount of esterified starch without plasticizer. 26794943 3 60 theme starch 546:551 arg1 torque 521:526 the torque 517:526 the torque of PCL/esterified starch 517:551 During the melt blending of esterified starch (80 wt%) and poly(caprolactone) (PCL, 20 wt%), it was shown the torque of PCL/esterified starch was much lower than that of PCL/native starch without any plasticizer, and further decreased with increasing DS. 26794943 3 60 theme starch 546:551 arg1 lower 562:566 lower 562:566 lower 562:566 During the melt blending of esterified starch (80 wt%) and poly(caprolactone) (PCL, 20 wt%), it was shown the torque of PCL/esterified starch was much lower than that of PCL/native starch without any plasticizer, and further decreased with increasing DS. 26794943 4 61 theme PCL/native 680:689 arg1 starch 691:696 PCL/native starch 680:696 PCL/native starch 680:696 Compared with PCL/native starch, the tensile properties of PCL/esterified starch composites were significantly enhanced. 26794943 3 62 theme wt 461:462 arg1 starch 450:455 esterified starch 439:455 esterified starch (80 wt%) 439:464 During the melt blending of esterified starch (80 wt%) and poly(caprolactone) (PCL, 20 wt%), it was shown the torque of PCL/esterified starch was much lower than that of PCL/native starch without any plasticizer, and further decreased with increasing DS. 26794943 3 62 theme wt 461:462 arg1 % 463:463 80 wt% 458:463 80 wt% 458:463 During the melt blending of esterified starch (80 wt%) and poly(caprolactone) (PCL, 20 wt%), it was shown the torque of PCL/esterified starch was much lower than that of PCL/native starch without any plasticizer, and further decreased with increasing DS. 26794943 1 63 dep NMR 269:271 arg1 1 265:265 1 265:265 1 265:265 Based on stearyl chloride and native starch, esterified starch were prepared and the chemical structure was characterized by (1)H NMR and FTIR. 26794943 7 64 theme starch 1160:1165 arg1 composites 1167:1176 PCL/esterified starch composites 1145:1176 PCL/esterified starch composites 1145:1176 In addition, the water resistance and hydrophobic character of PCL/esterified starch composites were improved. 26794943 2 65 theme efficient 325:333 arg1 chloride 309:316 stearyl chloride 301:316 stearyl chloride 301:316 It was found that stearyl chloride was an efficient agent to fabricate esterified starch with high degree of substitution (DS). 26794943 2 65 theme efficient 325:333 arg1 agent 335:339 an efficient agent 322:339 an efficient agent to fabricate esterified starch with high degree of substitution (DS) 322:408 It was found that stearyl chloride was an efficient agent to fabricate esterified starch with high degree of substitution (DS). 28075556 7 0 theme Actinomycetes 1780:1792 arg1 number 1770:1775 a number 1768:1775 a number of Actinomycetes 1768:1792 The conservation of the MTX biosynthetic genes in a number of Actinomycetes suggests that this discrete glycosyl substituent may be more widespread in prokaryotes than originally thought. 28075556 6 1 theme nucleotide 1520:1529 arg1 sugar 1531:1535 a 5'-methylthioribose nucleotide sugar 1498:1535 a 5'-methylthioribose nucleotide sugar 1498:1535 Collectively, our NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses of mtxS and mtxT overexpressors and knockout mutants support a biosynthetic model wherein the conversion of 5'-methylthioadenosine, which is a ubiquitous byproduct of spermidine biosynthesis, into 5'-methylthioribose-1-phosphate precedes the formation of a 5'-methylthioribose nucleotide sugar, followed by the epimerization at C-3 of the ribose residue, and the transfer of MTX from the nucleotide sugar to decaprenyl-phosphate yielding the substrate for transfer onto LAM. 28075556 1 2 theme cell 179:182 arg1 envelope 184:191 the cell envelope 175:191 the cell envelope of all mycobacteria 175:211 Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is a lipoglycan found in abundant quantities in the cell envelope of all mycobacteria. 28075556 7 3 theme biosynthetic 1746:1757 arg1 genes 1759:1763 the MTX biosynthetic genes 1738:1763 the MTX biosynthetic genes 1738:1763 The conservation of the MTX biosynthetic genes in a number of Actinomycetes suggests that this discrete glycosyl substituent may be more widespread in prokaryotes than originally thought. 28075556 3 4 theme methylthio-d-xylose 545:563 arg1 → 533:533 1 → 4 531:535 1 → 4 531:535 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, for instance, produces mannoside caps made of one to three α-(1 → 2)-Manp-linked residues that may be further substituted with an α-(1 → 4)-linked methylthio-d-xylose (MTX) residue. 28075556 3 4 theme methylthio-d-xylose 545:563 arg1 residue 571:577 an α-(1 → 4)-linked methylthio-d-xylose (MTX) residue 525:577 an α-(1 → 4)-linked methylthio-d-xylose (MTX) residue 525:577 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, for instance, produces mannoside caps made of one to three α-(1 → 2)-Manp-linked residues that may be further substituted with an α-(1 → 4)-linked methylthio-d-xylose (MTX) residue. 28075556 2 5 theme nonreducing 218:228 arg1 termini 239:245 The nonreducing arabinan termini 214:245 The nonreducing arabinan termini of LAM 214:252 The nonreducing arabinan termini of LAM display species-specific structural microheterogeneity that impacts the biological activity of the entire molecule. 28075556 2 6 theme biological 326:335 arg1 activity 337:344 the biological activity 322:344 the biological activity of the entire molecule 322:367 The nonreducing arabinan termini of LAM display species-specific structural microheterogeneity that impacts the biological activity of the entire molecule. 28075556 1 7 theme mycobacteria 200:211 arg1 envelope 184:191 the cell envelope 175:191 the cell envelope of all mycobacteria 175:211 Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is a lipoglycan found in abundant quantities in the cell envelope of all mycobacteria. 28075556 0 8 from tuberculosis 89:100 arg1 Biosynthesis 0:11 Biosynthesis 0:11 Biosynthesis of the Methylthioxylose Capping Motif of Lipoarabinomannan in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 0:101 Biosynthesis of the Methylthioxylose Capping Motif of Lipoarabinomannan in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 28075556 5 9 from DP-MTX 1138:1143 arg1 production 1063:1072 the production 1059:1072 the production of decaprenyl-phospho-MTX (DP-MTX) and the transfer of MTX from DP-MTX to the mannoside caps of LAM 1059:1172 We here report on the discovery of a five-gene cluster dedicated to the biosynthesis of the MTX capping motif of M. tuberculosis LAM, and on the functional characterization of two glycosyltransferases, MtxS and MtxT, responsible, respectively, for the production of decaprenyl-phospho-MTX (DP-MTX) and the transfer of MTX from DP-MTX to the mannoside caps of LAM. 28075556 5 9 from DP-MTX 1138:1143 arg1 transfer 1117:1124 the transfer 1113:1124 the transfer of MTX from DP-MTX to the mannoside caps of LAM 1113:1172 We here report on the discovery of a five-gene cluster dedicated to the biosynthesis of the MTX capping motif of M. tuberculosis LAM, and on the functional characterization of two glycosyltransferases, MtxS and MtxT, responsible, respectively, for the production of decaprenyl-phospho-MTX (DP-MTX) and the transfer of MTX from DP-MTX to the mannoside caps of LAM. 28075556 5 9 from DP-MTX 1138:1143 arg1 DP-MTX 1101:1106 DP-MTX 1101:1106 DP-MTX 1101:1106 We here report on the discovery of a five-gene cluster dedicated to the biosynthesis of the MTX capping motif of M. tuberculosis LAM, and on the functional characterization of two glycosyltransferases, MtxS and MtxT, responsible, respectively, for the production of decaprenyl-phospho-MTX (DP-MTX) and the transfer of MTX from DP-MTX to the mannoside caps of LAM. 28075556 5 9 from DP-MTX 1138:1143 arg1 decaprenyl-phospho-MTX 1077:1098 decaprenyl-phospho-MTX 1077:1098 decaprenyl-phospho-MTX (DP-MTX) 1077:1107 We here report on the discovery of a five-gene cluster dedicated to the biosynthesis of the MTX capping motif of M. tuberculosis LAM, and on the functional characterization of two glycosyltransferases, MtxS and MtxT, responsible, respectively, for the production of decaprenyl-phospho-MTX (DP-MTX) and the transfer of MTX from DP-MTX to the mannoside caps of LAM. 28075556 4 10 theme M. 681:682 arg1 LAM 697:699 M. tuberculosis LAM 681:699 M. tuberculosis LAM 681:699 While the biological functions and catalytic steps leading to the formation of the mannoside caps of M. tuberculosis LAM have been well established, the biosynthetic origin and biological relevance of the MTX motif remain elusive. 28075556 3 11 theme MTX 566:568 arg1 → 533:533 1 → 4 531:535 1 → 4 531:535 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, for instance, produces mannoside caps made of one to three α-(1 → 2)-Manp-linked residues that may be further substituted with an α-(1 → 4)-linked methylthio-d-xylose (MTX) residue. 28075556 3 11 theme MTX 566:568 arg1 residue 571:577 an α-(1 → 4)-linked methylthio-d-xylose (MTX) residue 525:577 an α-(1 → 4)-linked methylthio-d-xylose (MTX) residue 525:577 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, for instance, produces mannoside caps made of one to three α-(1 → 2)-Manp-linked residues that may be further substituted with an α-(1 → 4)-linked methylthio-d-xylose (MTX) residue. 28075556 6 12 theme nucleotide 1631:1640 arg1 sugar 1642:1646 the nucleotide sugar 1627:1646 the nucleotide sugar to decaprenyl-phosphate 1627:1670 Collectively, our NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses of mtxS and mtxT overexpressors and knockout mutants support a biosynthetic model wherein the conversion of 5'-methylthioadenosine, which is a ubiquitous byproduct of spermidine biosynthesis, into 5'-methylthioribose-1-phosphate precedes the formation of a 5'-methylthioribose nucleotide sugar, followed by the epimerization at C-3 of the ribose residue, and the transfer of MTX from the nucleotide sugar to decaprenyl-phosphate yielding the substrate for transfer onto LAM. 28075556 4 13 theme LAM 697:699 arg1 caps 673:676 the mannoside caps 659:676 the mannoside caps of M. tuberculosis LAM 659:699 While the biological functions and catalytic steps leading to the formation of the mannoside caps of M. tuberculosis LAM have been well established, the biosynthetic origin and biological relevance of the MTX motif remain elusive. 28075556 6 14 theme spectrometric 1220:1232 arg1 analyses 1234:1241 our NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses 1189:1241 our NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses of mtxS 1189:1249 Collectively, our NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses of mtxS and mtxT overexpressors and knockout mutants support a biosynthetic model wherein the conversion of 5'-methylthioadenosine, which is a ubiquitous byproduct of spermidine biosynthesis, into 5'-methylthioribose-1-phosphate precedes the formation of a 5'-methylthioribose nucleotide sugar, followed by the epimerization at C-3 of the ribose residue, and the transfer of MTX from the nucleotide sugar to decaprenyl-phosphate yielding the substrate for transfer onto LAM. 28075556 2 15 theme species-specific 262:277 arg1 microheterogeneity 290:307 species-specific structural microheterogeneity 262:307 species-specific structural microheterogeneity that impacts the biological activity of the entire molecule 262:367 The nonreducing arabinan termini of LAM display species-specific structural microheterogeneity that impacts the biological activity of the entire molecule. 28075556 2 16 theme LAM 250:252 arg1 termini 239:245 The nonreducing arabinan termini 214:245 The nonreducing arabinan termini of LAM 214:252 The nonreducing arabinan termini of LAM display species-specific structural microheterogeneity that impacts the biological activity of the entire molecule. 28075556 1 17 theme abundant 152:159 arg1 quantities 161:170 abundant quantities 152:170 abundant quantities in the cell envelope of all mycobacteria 152:211 Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is a lipoglycan found in abundant quantities in the cell envelope of all mycobacteria. 28075556 7 18 from widespread 1855:1864 arg1 prokaryotes 1869:1879 prokaryotes 1869:1879 prokaryotes 1869:1879 The conservation of the MTX biosynthetic genes in a number of Actinomycetes suggests that this discrete glycosyl substituent may be more widespread in prokaryotes than originally thought. 28075556 3 19 link -linked 537:543 arg1 → 533:533 1 → 4 531:535 1 → 4 531:535 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, for instance, produces mannoside caps made of one to three α-(1 → 2)-Manp-linked residues that may be further substituted with an α-(1 → 4)-linked methylthio-d-xylose (MTX) residue. 28075556 3 19 link -linked 537:543 arg1 residue 571:577 an α-(1 → 4)-linked methylthio-d-xylose (MTX) residue 525:577 an α-(1 → 4)-linked methylthio-d-xylose (MTX) residue 525:577 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, for instance, produces mannoside caps made of one to three α-(1 → 2)-Manp-linked residues that may be further substituted with an α-(1 → 4)-linked methylthio-d-xylose (MTX) residue. 28075556 4 20 theme caps 673:676 arg1 formation 646:654 the formation 642:654 the formation of the mannoside caps of M. tuberculosis LAM 642:699 While the biological functions and catalytic steps leading to the formation of the mannoside caps of M. tuberculosis LAM have been well established, the biosynthetic origin and biological relevance of the MTX motif remain elusive. 28075556 6 21 theme biosynthetic 1306:1317 arg1 wherein 1325:1331 a biosynthetic model wherein 1304:1331 a biosynthetic model wherein the conversion of 5'-methylthioadenosine, which is a ubiquitous byproduct of spermidine biosynthesis, into 5'-methylthioribose-1-phosphate precedes the formation of a 5'-methylthioribose nucleotide sugar, followed by the epimerization at C-3 of the ribose residue, and the transfer of MTX from the nucleotide sugar to decaprenyl-phosphate yielding the substrate for transfer onto LAM 1304:1715 Collectively, our NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses of mtxS and mtxT overexpressors and knockout mutants support a biosynthetic model wherein the conversion of 5'-methylthioadenosine, which is a ubiquitous byproduct of spermidine biosynthesis, into 5'-methylthioribose-1-phosphate precedes the formation of a 5'-methylthioribose nucleotide sugar, followed by the epimerization at C-3 of the ribose residue, and the transfer of MTX from the nucleotide sugar to decaprenyl-phosphate yielding the substrate for transfer onto LAM. 28075556 1 22 located found 143:147 arg1 quantities 161:170 abundant quantities 152:170 abundant quantities in the cell envelope of all mycobacteria 152:211 Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is a lipoglycan found in abundant quantities in the cell envelope of all mycobacteria. 28075556 1 22 located found 143:147 arg2 Lipoarabinomannan 103:119 Lipoarabinomannan 103:119 Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) 103:125 Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is a lipoglycan found in abundant quantities in the cell envelope of all mycobacteria. 28075556 1 22 located found 143:147 arg2 lipoglycan 132:141 lipoglycan 132:141 lipoglycan 132:141 Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is a lipoglycan found in abundant quantities in the cell envelope of all mycobacteria. 28075556 6 23 theme MTX 1618:1620 arg1 transfer 1606:1613 the transfer 1602:1613 the transfer of MTX from the nucleotide sugar to decaprenyl-phosphate 1602:1670 Collectively, our NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses of mtxS and mtxT overexpressors and knockout mutants support a biosynthetic model wherein the conversion of 5'-methylthioadenosine, which is a ubiquitous byproduct of spermidine biosynthesis, into 5'-methylthioribose-1-phosphate precedes the formation of a 5'-methylthioribose nucleotide sugar, followed by the epimerization at C-3 of the ribose residue, and the transfer of MTX from the nucleotide sugar to decaprenyl-phosphate yielding the substrate for transfer onto LAM. 28075556 6 23 theme MTX 1618:1620 arg1 formation 1485:1493 the formation 1481:1493 the formation of a 5'-methylthioribose nucleotide sugar, followed by the epimerization at C-3 of the ribose residue, 1481:1596 Collectively, our NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses of mtxS and mtxT overexpressors and knockout mutants support a biosynthetic model wherein the conversion of 5'-methylthioadenosine, which is a ubiquitous byproduct of spermidine biosynthesis, into 5'-methylthioribose-1-phosphate precedes the formation of a 5'-methylthioribose nucleotide sugar, followed by the epimerization at C-3 of the ribose residue, and the transfer of MTX from the nucleotide sugar to decaprenyl-phosphate yielding the substrate for transfer onto LAM. 28075556 5 24 theme cluster 858:864 arg1 discovery 833:841 the discovery 829:841 the discovery of a five-gene cluster dedicated to the biosynthesis of the MTX capping motif of M. tuberculosis LAM 829:942 We here report on the discovery of a five-gene cluster dedicated to the biosynthesis of the MTX capping motif of M. tuberculosis LAM, and on the functional characterization of two glycosyltransferases, MtxS and MtxT, responsible, respectively, for the production of decaprenyl-phospho-MTX (DP-MTX) and the transfer of MTX from DP-MTX to the mannoside caps of LAM. 28075556 7 25 from prokaryotes 1869:1879 arg1 widespread 1855:1864 widespread 1855:1864 widespread 1855:1864 The conservation of the MTX biosynthetic genes in a number of Actinomycetes suggests that this discrete glycosyl substituent may be more widespread in prokaryotes than originally thought. 28075556 0 26 from Biosynthesis 0:11 arg1 tuberculosis 89:100 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 75:100 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 75:100 Biosynthesis of the Methylthioxylose Capping Motif of Lipoarabinomannan in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 28075556 6 27 theme knockout 1279:1286 arg1 mutants 1288:1294 knockout mutants 1279:1294 knockout mutants 1279:1294 Collectively, our NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses of mtxS and mtxT overexpressors and knockout mutants support a biosynthetic model wherein the conversion of 5'-methylthioadenosine, which is a ubiquitous byproduct of spermidine biosynthesis, into 5'-methylthioribose-1-phosphate precedes the formation of a 5'-methylthioribose nucleotide sugar, followed by the epimerization at C-3 of the ribose residue, and the transfer of MTX from the nucleotide sugar to decaprenyl-phosphate yielding the substrate for transfer onto LAM. 28075556 5 28 theme tuberculosis 927:938 arg1 LAM 940:942 M. tuberculosis LAM 924:942 M. tuberculosis LAM 924:942 We here report on the discovery of a five-gene cluster dedicated to the biosynthesis of the MTX capping motif of M. tuberculosis LAM, and on the functional characterization of two glycosyltransferases, MtxS and MtxT, responsible, respectively, for the production of decaprenyl-phospho-MTX (DP-MTX) and the transfer of MTX from DP-MTX to the mannoside caps of LAM. 28075556 3 29 theme mannoside 421:429 arg1 caps 431:434 mannoside caps 421:434 mannoside caps made of one to three α-(1 → 2)-Manp-linked residues that may be further substituted with an α-(1 → 4)-linked methylthio-d-xylose (MTX) residue 421:577 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, for instance, produces mannoside caps made of one to three α-(1 → 2)-Manp-linked residues that may be further substituted with an α-(1 → 4)-linked methylthio-d-xylose (MTX) residue. 28075556 6 30 dep wherein 1325:1331 arg1 precedes 1472:1479 precedes 1472:1479 precedes the formation of a 5'-methylthioribose nucleotide sugar, followed by the epimerization at C-3 of the ribose residue, and the transfer of MTX from the nucleotide sugar to decaprenyl-phosphate yielding the substrate for transfer onto LAM 1472:1715 Collectively, our NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses of mtxS and mtxT overexpressors and knockout mutants support a biosynthetic model wherein the conversion of 5'-methylthioadenosine, which is a ubiquitous byproduct of spermidine biosynthesis, into 5'-methylthioribose-1-phosphate precedes the formation of a 5'-methylthioribose nucleotide sugar, followed by the epimerization at C-3 of the ribose residue, and the transfer of MTX from the nucleotide sugar to decaprenyl-phosphate yielding the substrate for transfer onto LAM. 28075556 6 31 theme residue 1589:1595 arg1 C-3 1571:1573 C-3 1571:1573 C-3 of the ribose residue 1571:1595 Collectively, our NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses of mtxS and mtxT overexpressors and knockout mutants support a biosynthetic model wherein the conversion of 5'-methylthioadenosine, which is a ubiquitous byproduct of spermidine biosynthesis, into 5'-methylthioribose-1-phosphate precedes the formation of a 5'-methylthioribose nucleotide sugar, followed by the epimerization at C-3 of the ribose residue, and the transfer of MTX from the nucleotide sugar to decaprenyl-phosphate yielding the substrate for transfer onto LAM. 28075556 5 32 theme capping 907:913 arg1 motif 915:919 the MTX capping motif 899:919 the MTX capping motif of M. tuberculosis LAM 899:942 We here report on the discovery of a five-gene cluster dedicated to the biosynthesis of the MTX capping motif of M. tuberculosis LAM, and on the functional characterization of two glycosyltransferases, MtxS and MtxT, responsible, respectively, for the production of decaprenyl-phospho-MTX (DP-MTX) and the transfer of MTX from DP-MTX to the mannoside caps of LAM. 28075556 4 33 theme MTX 785:787 arg1 motif 789:793 the MTX motif 781:793 the MTX motif 781:793 While the biological functions and catalytic steps leading to the formation of the mannoside caps of M. tuberculosis LAM have been well established, the biosynthetic origin and biological relevance of the MTX motif remain elusive. 28075556 6 34 theme 5'-methylthioadenosine 1351:1372 arg1 conversion 1337:1346 the conversion 1333:1346 the conversion of 5'-methylthioadenosine, which is a ubiquitous byproduct of spermidine biosynthesis, into 5'-methylthioribose-1-phosphate 1333:1470 Collectively, our NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses of mtxS and mtxT overexpressors and knockout mutants support a biosynthetic model wherein the conversion of 5'-methylthioadenosine, which is a ubiquitous byproduct of spermidine biosynthesis, into 5'-methylthioribose-1-phosphate precedes the formation of a 5'-methylthioribose nucleotide sugar, followed by the epimerization at C-3 of the ribose residue, and the transfer of MTX from the nucleotide sugar to decaprenyl-phosphate yielding the substrate for transfer onto LAM. 28075556 0 35 theme Capping 37:43 arg1 Motif 45:49 the Methylthioxylose Capping Motif 16:49 the Methylthioxylose Capping Motif of Lipoarabinomannan in Mycobacterium tuberculosis 16:100 Biosynthesis of the Methylthioxylose Capping Motif of Lipoarabinomannan in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 28075556 3 36 dep α- 457:458 arg1 → 462:462 1 → 2 460:464 1 → 2 460:464 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, for instance, produces mannoside caps made of one to three α-(1 → 2)-Manp-linked residues that may be further substituted with an α-(1 → 4)-linked methylthio-d-xylose (MTX) residue. 28075556 7 37 theme glycosyl 1822:1829 arg1 substituent 1831:1841 this discrete glycosyl substituent 1808:1841 this discrete glycosyl substituent 1808:1841 The conservation of the MTX biosynthetic genes in a number of Actinomycetes suggests that this discrete glycosyl substituent may be more widespread in prokaryotes than originally thought. 28075556 6 38 from sugar 1642:1646 arg1 transfer 1606:1613 the transfer 1602:1613 the transfer of MTX from the nucleotide sugar to decaprenyl-phosphate 1602:1670 Collectively, our NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses of mtxS and mtxT overexpressors and knockout mutants support a biosynthetic model wherein the conversion of 5'-methylthioadenosine, which is a ubiquitous byproduct of spermidine biosynthesis, into 5'-methylthioribose-1-phosphate precedes the formation of a 5'-methylthioribose nucleotide sugar, followed by the epimerization at C-3 of the ribose residue, and the transfer of MTX from the nucleotide sugar to decaprenyl-phosphate yielding the substrate for transfer onto LAM. 28075556 6 38 from sugar 1642:1646 arg1 formation 1485:1493 the formation 1481:1493 the formation of a 5'-methylthioribose nucleotide sugar, followed by the epimerization at C-3 of the ribose residue, 1481:1596 Collectively, our NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses of mtxS and mtxT overexpressors and knockout mutants support a biosynthetic model wherein the conversion of 5'-methylthioadenosine, which is a ubiquitous byproduct of spermidine biosynthesis, into 5'-methylthioribose-1-phosphate precedes the formation of a 5'-methylthioribose nucleotide sugar, followed by the epimerization at C-3 of the ribose residue, and the transfer of MTX from the nucleotide sugar to decaprenyl-phosphate yielding the substrate for transfer onto LAM. 28075556 5 39 from production 1063:1072 arg1 DP-MTX 1138:1143 DP-MTX 1138:1143 DP-MTX to the mannoside caps of LAM 1138:1172 We here report on the discovery of a five-gene cluster dedicated to the biosynthesis of the MTX capping motif of M. tuberculosis LAM, and on the functional characterization of two glycosyltransferases, MtxS and MtxT, responsible, respectively, for the production of decaprenyl-phospho-MTX (DP-MTX) and the transfer of MTX from DP-MTX to the mannoside caps of LAM. 28075556 4 40 dep functions 601:609 arg1 the 586:588 the 586:588 the 586:588 While the biological functions and catalytic steps leading to the formation of the mannoside caps of M. tuberculosis LAM have been well established, the biosynthetic origin and biological relevance of the MTX motif remain elusive. 28075556 4 41 theme biological 757:766 arg1 relevance 768:776 biological relevance 757:776 biological relevance 757:776 While the biological functions and catalytic steps leading to the formation of the mannoside caps of M. tuberculosis LAM have been well established, the biosynthetic origin and biological relevance of the MTX motif remain elusive. 28075556 5 42 theme functional 956:965 arg1 characterization 967:982 the functional characterization 952:982 the functional characterization of two glycosyltransferases, MtxS and MtxT 952:1025 We here report on the discovery of a five-gene cluster dedicated to the biosynthesis of the MTX capping motif of M. tuberculosis LAM, and on the functional characterization of two glycosyltransferases, MtxS and MtxT, responsible, respectively, for the production of decaprenyl-phospho-MTX (DP-MTX) and the transfer of MTX from DP-MTX to the mannoside caps of LAM. 28075556 2 43 theme molecule 360:367 arg1 activity 337:344 the biological activity 322:344 the biological activity of the entire molecule 322:367 The nonreducing arabinan termini of LAM display species-specific structural microheterogeneity that impacts the biological activity of the entire molecule. 28075556 5 44 theme mannoside 1152:1160 arg1 caps 1162:1165 the mannoside caps 1148:1165 the mannoside caps of LAM 1148:1172 We here report on the discovery of a five-gene cluster dedicated to the biosynthesis of the MTX capping motif of M. tuberculosis LAM, and on the functional characterization of two glycosyltransferases, MtxS and MtxT, responsible, respectively, for the production of decaprenyl-phospho-MTX (DP-MTX) and the transfer of MTX from DP-MTX to the mannoside caps of LAM. 28075556 6 45 theme spermidine 1410:1419 arg1 biosynthesis 1421:1432 spermidine biosynthesis 1410:1432 spermidine biosynthesis 1410:1432 Collectively, our NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses of mtxS and mtxT overexpressors and knockout mutants support a biosynthetic model wherein the conversion of 5'-methylthioadenosine, which is a ubiquitous byproduct of spermidine biosynthesis, into 5'-methylthioribose-1-phosphate precedes the formation of a 5'-methylthioribose nucleotide sugar, followed by the epimerization at C-3 of the ribose residue, and the transfer of MTX from the nucleotide sugar to decaprenyl-phosphate yielding the substrate for transfer onto LAM. 28075556 6 46 theme spectroscopic 1197:1209 arg1 analyses 1234:1241 our NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses 1189:1241 our NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses of mtxS 1189:1249 Collectively, our NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses of mtxS and mtxT overexpressors and knockout mutants support a biosynthetic model wherein the conversion of 5'-methylthioadenosine, which is a ubiquitous byproduct of spermidine biosynthesis, into 5'-methylthioribose-1-phosphate precedes the formation of a 5'-methylthioribose nucleotide sugar, followed by the epimerization at C-3 of the ribose residue, and the transfer of MTX from the nucleotide sugar to decaprenyl-phosphate yielding the substrate for transfer onto LAM. 28075556 3 47 link -Manp-linked 466:477 arg1 residues 479:486 one to three α-(1 → 2)-Manp-linked residues 444:486 one to three α-(1 → 2)-Manp-linked residues that may be further substituted with an α-(1 → 4)-linked methylthio-d-xylose (MTX) residue 444:577 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, for instance, produces mannoside caps made of one to three α-(1 → 2)-Manp-linked residues that may be further substituted with an α-(1 → 4)-linked methylthio-d-xylose (MTX) residue. 28075556 7 48 theme genes 1759:1763 arg1 conservation 1722:1733 The conservation 1718:1733 The conservation of the MTX biosynthetic genes in a number of Actinomycetes 1718:1792 The conservation of the MTX biosynthetic genes in a number of Actinomycetes suggests that this discrete glycosyl substituent may be more widespread in prokaryotes than originally thought. 28075556 3 49 theme α- 528:529 arg1 → 533:533 1 → 4 531:535 1 → 4 531:535 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, for instance, produces mannoside caps made of one to three α-(1 → 2)-Manp-linked residues that may be further substituted with an α-(1 → 4)-linked methylthio-d-xylose (MTX) residue. 28075556 3 49 theme α- 528:529 arg1 residue 571:577 an α-(1 → 4)-linked methylthio-d-xylose (MTX) residue 525:577 an α-(1 → 4)-linked methylthio-d-xylose (MTX) residue 525:577 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, for instance, produces mannoside caps made of one to three α-(1 → 2)-Manp-linked residues that may be further substituted with an α-(1 → 4)-linked methylthio-d-xylose (MTX) residue. 28075556 6 50 theme sugar 1531:1535 arg1 transfer 1606:1613 the transfer 1602:1613 the transfer of MTX from the nucleotide sugar to decaprenyl-phosphate 1602:1670 Collectively, our NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses of mtxS and mtxT overexpressors and knockout mutants support a biosynthetic model wherein the conversion of 5'-methylthioadenosine, which is a ubiquitous byproduct of spermidine biosynthesis, into 5'-methylthioribose-1-phosphate precedes the formation of a 5'-methylthioribose nucleotide sugar, followed by the epimerization at C-3 of the ribose residue, and the transfer of MTX from the nucleotide sugar to decaprenyl-phosphate yielding the substrate for transfer onto LAM. 28075556 6 50 theme sugar 1531:1535 arg1 formation 1485:1493 the formation 1481:1493 the formation of a 5'-methylthioribose nucleotide sugar, followed by the epimerization at C-3 of the ribose residue, 1481:1596 Collectively, our NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses of mtxS and mtxT overexpressors and knockout mutants support a biosynthetic model wherein the conversion of 5'-methylthioadenosine, which is a ubiquitous byproduct of spermidine biosynthesis, into 5'-methylthioribose-1-phosphate precedes the formation of a 5'-methylthioribose nucleotide sugar, followed by the epimerization at C-3 of the ribose residue, and the transfer of MTX from the nucleotide sugar to decaprenyl-phosphate yielding the substrate for transfer onto LAM. 28075556 7 51 theme MTX 1742:1744 arg1 genes 1759:1763 the MTX biosynthetic genes 1738:1763 the MTX biosynthetic genes 1738:1763 The conservation of the MTX biosynthetic genes in a number of Actinomycetes suggests that this discrete glycosyl substituent may be more widespread in prokaryotes than originally thought. 28075556 3 52 theme -linked 537:543 arg1 → 533:533 1 → 4 531:535 1 → 4 531:535 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, for instance, produces mannoside caps made of one to three α-(1 → 2)-Manp-linked residues that may be further substituted with an α-(1 → 4)-linked methylthio-d-xylose (MTX) residue. 28075556 3 52 theme -linked 537:543 arg1 residue 571:577 an α-(1 → 4)-linked methylthio-d-xylose (MTX) residue 525:577 an α-(1 → 4)-linked methylthio-d-xylose (MTX) residue 525:577 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, for instance, produces mannoside caps made of one to three α-(1 → 2)-Manp-linked residues that may be further substituted with an α-(1 → 4)-linked methylthio-d-xylose (MTX) residue. 28075556 6 53 theme 5'-methylthioribose 1500:1518 arg1 sugar 1531:1535 a 5'-methylthioribose nucleotide sugar 1498:1535 a 5'-methylthioribose nucleotide sugar 1498:1535 Collectively, our NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses of mtxS and mtxT overexpressors and knockout mutants support a biosynthetic model wherein the conversion of 5'-methylthioadenosine, which is a ubiquitous byproduct of spermidine biosynthesis, into 5'-methylthioribose-1-phosphate precedes the formation of a 5'-methylthioribose nucleotide sugar, followed by the epimerization at C-3 of the ribose residue, and the transfer of MTX from the nucleotide sugar to decaprenyl-phosphate yielding the substrate for transfer onto LAM. 28075556 1 54 from quantities 161:170 arg1 envelope 184:191 the cell envelope 175:191 the cell envelope of all mycobacteria 175:211 Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is a lipoglycan found in abundant quantities in the cell envelope of all mycobacteria. 28075556 7 55 from conservation 1722:1733 arg1 number 1770:1775 a number 1768:1775 a number of Actinomycetes 1768:1792 The conservation of the MTX biosynthetic genes in a number of Actinomycetes suggests that this discrete glycosyl substituent may be more widespread in prokaryotes than originally thought. 28075556 6 56 theme mtxT 1255:1258 arg1 overexpressors 1260:1273 mtxT overexpressors 1255:1273 mtxT overexpressors 1255:1273 Collectively, our NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses of mtxS and mtxT overexpressors and knockout mutants support a biosynthetic model wherein the conversion of 5'-methylthioadenosine, which is a ubiquitous byproduct of spermidine biosynthesis, into 5'-methylthioribose-1-phosphate precedes the formation of a 5'-methylthioribose nucleotide sugar, followed by the epimerization at C-3 of the ribose residue, and the transfer of MTX from the nucleotide sugar to decaprenyl-phosphate yielding the substrate for transfer onto LAM. 28075556 4 57 theme catalytic 615:623 arg1 steps 625:629 catalytic steps 615:629 catalytic steps 615:629 While the biological functions and catalytic steps leading to the formation of the mannoside caps of M. tuberculosis LAM have been well established, the biosynthetic origin and biological relevance of the MTX motif remain elusive. 28075556 6 58 theme mtxS 1246:1249 arg1 overexpressors 1260:1273 mtxT overexpressors 1255:1273 mtxT overexpressors 1255:1273 Collectively, our NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses of mtxS and mtxT overexpressors and knockout mutants support a biosynthetic model wherein the conversion of 5'-methylthioadenosine, which is a ubiquitous byproduct of spermidine biosynthesis, into 5'-methylthioribose-1-phosphate precedes the formation of a 5'-methylthioribose nucleotide sugar, followed by the epimerization at C-3 of the ribose residue, and the transfer of MTX from the nucleotide sugar to decaprenyl-phosphate yielding the substrate for transfer onto LAM. 28075556 6 58 theme mtxS 1246:1249 arg1 analyses 1234:1241 our NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses 1189:1241 our NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses of mtxS 1189:1249 Collectively, our NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses of mtxS and mtxT overexpressors and knockout mutants support a biosynthetic model wherein the conversion of 5'-methylthioadenosine, which is a ubiquitous byproduct of spermidine biosynthesis, into 5'-methylthioribose-1-phosphate precedes the formation of a 5'-methylthioribose nucleotide sugar, followed by the epimerization at C-3 of the ribose residue, and the transfer of MTX from the nucleotide sugar to decaprenyl-phosphate yielding the substrate for transfer onto LAM. 28075556 6 58 theme mtxS 1246:1249 arg1 mutants 1288:1294 knockout mutants 1279:1294 knockout mutants 1279:1294 Collectively, our NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses of mtxS and mtxT overexpressors and knockout mutants support a biosynthetic model wherein the conversion of 5'-methylthioadenosine, which is a ubiquitous byproduct of spermidine biosynthesis, into 5'-methylthioribose-1-phosphate precedes the formation of a 5'-methylthioribose nucleotide sugar, followed by the epimerization at C-3 of the ribose residue, and the transfer of MTX from the nucleotide sugar to decaprenyl-phosphate yielding the substrate for transfer onto LAM. 28075556 2 59 theme arabinan 230:237 arg1 termini 239:245 The nonreducing arabinan termini 214:245 The nonreducing arabinan termini of LAM 214:252 The nonreducing arabinan termini of LAM display species-specific structural microheterogeneity that impacts the biological activity of the entire molecule. 28075556 6 60 from C-3 1571:1573 arg1 epimerization 1554:1566 the epimerization 1550:1566 the epimerization at C-3 of the ribose residue 1550:1595 Collectively, our NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses of mtxS and mtxT overexpressors and knockout mutants support a biosynthetic model wherein the conversion of 5'-methylthioadenosine, which is a ubiquitous byproduct of spermidine biosynthesis, into 5'-methylthioribose-1-phosphate precedes the formation of a 5'-methylthioribose nucleotide sugar, followed by the epimerization at C-3 of the ribose residue, and the transfer of MTX from the nucleotide sugar to decaprenyl-phosphate yielding the substrate for transfer onto LAM. 28075556 5 61 theme glycosyltransferases 991:1010 arg1 characterization 967:982 the functional characterization 952:982 the functional characterization of two glycosyltransferases, MtxS and MtxT 952:1025 We here report on the discovery of a five-gene cluster dedicated to the biosynthesis of the MTX capping motif of M. tuberculosis LAM, and on the functional characterization of two glycosyltransferases, MtxS and MtxT, responsible, respectively, for the production of decaprenyl-phospho-MTX (DP-MTX) and the transfer of MTX from DP-MTX to the mannoside caps of LAM. 28075556 2 62 theme structural 279:288 arg1 microheterogeneity 290:307 species-specific structural microheterogeneity 262:307 species-specific structural microheterogeneity that impacts the biological activity of the entire molecule 262:367 The nonreducing arabinan termini of LAM display species-specific structural microheterogeneity that impacts the biological activity of the entire molecule. 28075556 4 63 theme tuberculosis 684:695 arg1 LAM 697:699 M. tuberculosis LAM 681:699 M. tuberculosis LAM 681:699 While the biological functions and catalytic steps leading to the formation of the mannoside caps of M. tuberculosis LAM have been well established, the biosynthetic origin and biological relevance of the MTX motif remain elusive. 28075556 0 64 theme Mycobacterium 75:87 arg1 tuberculosis 89:100 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 75:100 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 75:100 Biosynthesis of the Methylthioxylose Capping Motif of Lipoarabinomannan in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 28075556 4 65 dep origin 746:751 arg1 the 729:731 the 729:731 the 729:731 While the biological functions and catalytic steps leading to the formation of the mannoside caps of M. tuberculosis LAM have been well established, the biosynthetic origin and biological relevance of the MTX motif remain elusive. 28075556 3 66 theme Mycobacterium 370:382 arg1 tuberculosis 384:395 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 370:395 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 370:395 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, for instance, produces mannoside caps made of one to three α-(1 → 2)-Manp-linked residues that may be further substituted with an α-(1 → 4)-linked methylthio-d-xylose (MTX) residue. 28075556 6 67 theme model 1319:1323 arg1 wherein 1325:1331 a biosynthetic model wherein 1304:1331 a biosynthetic model wherein the conversion of 5'-methylthioadenosine, which is a ubiquitous byproduct of spermidine biosynthesis, into 5'-methylthioribose-1-phosphate precedes the formation of a 5'-methylthioribose nucleotide sugar, followed by the epimerization at C-3 of the ribose residue, and the transfer of MTX from the nucleotide sugar to decaprenyl-phosphate yielding the substrate for transfer onto LAM 1304:1715 Collectively, our NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses of mtxS and mtxT overexpressors and knockout mutants support a biosynthetic model wherein the conversion of 5'-methylthioadenosine, which is a ubiquitous byproduct of spermidine biosynthesis, into 5'-methylthioribose-1-phosphate precedes the formation of a 5'-methylthioribose nucleotide sugar, followed by the epimerization at C-3 of the ribose residue, and the transfer of MTX from the nucleotide sugar to decaprenyl-phosphate yielding the substrate for transfer onto LAM. 28075556 5 68 theme five-gene 848:856 arg1 cluster 858:864 a five-gene cluster 846:864 a five-gene cluster dedicated to the biosynthesis of the MTX capping motif of M. tuberculosis LAM 846:942 We here report on the discovery of a five-gene cluster dedicated to the biosynthesis of the MTX capping motif of M. tuberculosis LAM, and on the functional characterization of two glycosyltransferases, MtxS and MtxT, responsible, respectively, for the production of decaprenyl-phospho-MTX (DP-MTX) and the transfer of MTX from DP-MTX to the mannoside caps of LAM. 28075556 4 69 theme mannoside 663:671 arg1 caps 673:676 the mannoside caps 659:676 the mannoside caps of M. tuberculosis LAM 659:699 While the biological functions and catalytic steps leading to the formation of the mannoside caps of M. tuberculosis LAM have been well established, the biosynthetic origin and biological relevance of the MTX motif remain elusive. 28075556 5 70 theme decaprenyl-phospho-MTX 1077:1098 arg1 production 1063:1072 the production 1059:1072 the production of decaprenyl-phospho-MTX (DP-MTX) and the transfer of MTX from DP-MTX to the mannoside caps of LAM 1059:1172 We here report on the discovery of a five-gene cluster dedicated to the biosynthesis of the MTX capping motif of M. tuberculosis LAM, and on the functional characterization of two glycosyltransferases, MtxS and MtxT, responsible, respectively, for the production of decaprenyl-phospho-MTX (DP-MTX) and the transfer of MTX from DP-MTX to the mannoside caps of LAM. 28075556 5 71 theme motif 915:919 arg1 biosynthesis 883:894 the biosynthesis 879:894 the biosynthesis of the MTX capping motif of M. tuberculosis LAM 879:942 We here report on the discovery of a five-gene cluster dedicated to the biosynthesis of the MTX capping motif of M. tuberculosis LAM, and on the functional characterization of two glycosyltransferases, MtxS and MtxT, responsible, respectively, for the production of decaprenyl-phospho-MTX (DP-MTX) and the transfer of MTX from DP-MTX to the mannoside caps of LAM. 28075556 5 72 theme M. 924:925 arg1 LAM 940:942 M. tuberculosis LAM 924:942 M. tuberculosis LAM 924:942 We here report on the discovery of a five-gene cluster dedicated to the biosynthesis of the MTX capping motif of M. tuberculosis LAM, and on the functional characterization of two glycosyltransferases, MtxS and MtxT, responsible, respectively, for the production of decaprenyl-phospho-MTX (DP-MTX) and the transfer of MTX from DP-MTX to the mannoside caps of LAM. 28075556 0 73 from Motif 45:49 arg1 tuberculosis 89:100 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 75:100 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 75:100 Biosynthesis of the Methylthioxylose Capping Motif of Lipoarabinomannan in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 28075556 4 74 theme biosynthetic 733:744 arg1 origin 746:751 biosynthetic origin 733:751 biosynthetic origin 733:751 While the biological functions and catalytic steps leading to the formation of the mannoside caps of M. tuberculosis LAM have been well established, the biosynthetic origin and biological relevance of the MTX motif remain elusive. 28075556 6 75 theme ubiquitous 1386:1395 arg1 5'-methylthioadenosine 1351:1372 5'-methylthioadenosine 1351:1372 5'-methylthioadenosine 1351:1372 Collectively, our NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses of mtxS and mtxT overexpressors and knockout mutants support a biosynthetic model wherein the conversion of 5'-methylthioadenosine, which is a ubiquitous byproduct of spermidine biosynthesis, into 5'-methylthioribose-1-phosphate precedes the formation of a 5'-methylthioribose nucleotide sugar, followed by the epimerization at C-3 of the ribose residue, and the transfer of MTX from the nucleotide sugar to decaprenyl-phosphate yielding the substrate for transfer onto LAM. 28075556 6 75 theme ubiquitous 1386:1395 arg1 byproduct 1397:1405 a ubiquitous byproduct 1384:1405 a ubiquitous byproduct of spermidine biosynthesis 1384:1432 Collectively, our NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses of mtxS and mtxT overexpressors and knockout mutants support a biosynthetic model wherein the conversion of 5'-methylthioadenosine, which is a ubiquitous byproduct of spermidine biosynthesis, into 5'-methylthioribose-1-phosphate precedes the formation of a 5'-methylthioribose nucleotide sugar, followed by the epimerization at C-3 of the ribose residue, and the transfer of MTX from the nucleotide sugar to decaprenyl-phosphate yielding the substrate for transfer onto LAM. 28075556 3 76 theme α- 457:458 arg1 residues 479:486 one to three α-(1 → 2)-Manp-linked residues 444:486 one to three α-(1 → 2)-Manp-linked residues that may be further substituted with an α-(1 → 4)-linked methylthio-d-xylose (MTX) residue 444:577 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, for instance, produces mannoside caps made of one to three α-(1 → 2)-Manp-linked residues that may be further substituted with an α-(1 → 4)-linked methylthio-d-xylose (MTX) residue. 28075556 0 77 theme Methylthioxylose 20:35 arg1 Motif 45:49 the Methylthioxylose Capping Motif 16:49 the Methylthioxylose Capping Motif of Lipoarabinomannan in Mycobacterium tuberculosis 16:100 Biosynthesis of the Methylthioxylose Capping Motif of Lipoarabinomannan in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 28075556 5 78 theme transfer 1117:1124 arg1 production 1063:1072 the production 1059:1072 the production of decaprenyl-phospho-MTX (DP-MTX) and the transfer of MTX from DP-MTX to the mannoside caps of LAM 1059:1172 We here report on the discovery of a five-gene cluster dedicated to the biosynthesis of the MTX capping motif of M. tuberculosis LAM, and on the functional characterization of two glycosyltransferases, MtxS and MtxT, responsible, respectively, for the production of decaprenyl-phospho-MTX (DP-MTX) and the transfer of MTX from DP-MTX to the mannoside caps of LAM. 28075556 6 79 theme ribose 1582:1587 arg1 residue 1589:1595 the ribose residue 1578:1595 the ribose residue 1578:1595 Collectively, our NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses of mtxS and mtxT overexpressors and knockout mutants support a biosynthetic model wherein the conversion of 5'-methylthioadenosine, which is a ubiquitous byproduct of spermidine biosynthesis, into 5'-methylthioribose-1-phosphate precedes the formation of a 5'-methylthioribose nucleotide sugar, followed by the epimerization at C-3 of the ribose residue, and the transfer of MTX from the nucleotide sugar to decaprenyl-phosphate yielding the substrate for transfer onto LAM. 28075556 5 80 theme MTX 903:905 arg1 motif 915:919 the MTX capping motif 899:919 the MTX capping motif of M. tuberculosis LAM 899:942 We here report on the discovery of a five-gene cluster dedicated to the biosynthesis of the MTX capping motif of M. tuberculosis LAM, and on the functional characterization of two glycosyltransferases, MtxS and MtxT, responsible, respectively, for the production of decaprenyl-phospho-MTX (DP-MTX) and the transfer of MTX from DP-MTX to the mannoside caps of LAM. 28075556 3 81 theme -Manp-linked 466:477 arg1 residues 479:486 one to three α-(1 → 2)-Manp-linked residues 444:486 one to three α-(1 → 2)-Manp-linked residues that may be further substituted with an α-(1 → 4)-linked methylthio-d-xylose (MTX) residue 444:577 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, for instance, produces mannoside caps made of one to three α-(1 → 2)-Manp-linked residues that may be further substituted with an α-(1 → 4)-linked methylthio-d-xylose (MTX) residue. 28075556 0 82 theme Motif 45:49 arg1 Biosynthesis 0:11 Biosynthesis 0:11 Biosynthesis of the Methylthioxylose Capping Motif of Lipoarabinomannan in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 0:101 Biosynthesis of the Methylthioxylose Capping Motif of Lipoarabinomannan in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 28075556 5 83 theme MTX 1129:1131 arg1 transfer 1117:1124 the transfer 1113:1124 the transfer of MTX from DP-MTX to the mannoside caps of LAM 1113:1172 We here report on the discovery of a five-gene cluster dedicated to the biosynthesis of the MTX capping motif of M. tuberculosis LAM, and on the functional characterization of two glycosyltransferases, MtxS and MtxT, responsible, respectively, for the production of decaprenyl-phospho-MTX (DP-MTX) and the transfer of MTX from DP-MTX to the mannoside caps of LAM. 28075556 5 83 theme MTX 1129:1131 arg1 DP-MTX 1101:1106 DP-MTX 1101:1106 DP-MTX 1101:1106 We here report on the discovery of a five-gene cluster dedicated to the biosynthesis of the MTX capping motif of M. tuberculosis LAM, and on the functional characterization of two glycosyltransferases, MtxS and MtxT, responsible, respectively, for the production of decaprenyl-phospho-MTX (DP-MTX) and the transfer of MTX from DP-MTX to the mannoside caps of LAM. 28075556 5 83 theme MTX 1129:1131 arg1 decaprenyl-phospho-MTX 1077:1098 decaprenyl-phospho-MTX 1077:1098 decaprenyl-phospho-MTX (DP-MTX) 1077:1107 We here report on the discovery of a five-gene cluster dedicated to the biosynthesis of the MTX capping motif of M. tuberculosis LAM, and on the functional characterization of two glycosyltransferases, MtxS and MtxT, responsible, respectively, for the production of decaprenyl-phospho-MTX (DP-MTX) and the transfer of MTX from DP-MTX to the mannoside caps of LAM. 28075556 3 84 dep three 451:455 arg1 to 448:449 to 448:449 to 448:449 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, for instance, produces mannoside caps made of one to three α-(1 → 2)-Manp-linked residues that may be further substituted with an α-(1 → 4)-linked methylthio-d-xylose (MTX) residue. 28075556 0 85 theme Lipoarabinomannan 54:70 arg1 Motif 45:49 the Methylthioxylose Capping Motif 16:49 the Methylthioxylose Capping Motif of Lipoarabinomannan in Mycobacterium tuberculosis 16:100 Biosynthesis of the Methylthioxylose Capping Motif of Lipoarabinomannan in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 28075556 4 86 theme motif 789:793 arg1 relevance 768:776 biological relevance 757:776 biological relevance 757:776 While the biological functions and catalytic steps leading to the formation of the mannoside caps of M. tuberculosis LAM have been well established, the biosynthetic origin and biological relevance of the MTX motif remain elusive. 28075556 4 86 theme motif 789:793 arg1 origin 746:751 biosynthetic origin 733:751 biosynthetic origin 733:751 While the biological functions and catalytic steps leading to the formation of the mannoside caps of M. tuberculosis LAM have been well established, the biosynthetic origin and biological relevance of the MTX motif remain elusive. 28075556 5 87 theme LAM 940:942 arg1 motif 915:919 the MTX capping motif 899:919 the MTX capping motif of M. tuberculosis LAM 899:942 We here report on the discovery of a five-gene cluster dedicated to the biosynthesis of the MTX capping motif of M. tuberculosis LAM, and on the functional characterization of two glycosyltransferases, MtxS and MtxT, responsible, respectively, for the production of decaprenyl-phospho-MTX (DP-MTX) and the transfer of MTX from DP-MTX to the mannoside caps of LAM. 28075556 7 88 theme discrete 1813:1820 arg1 substituent 1831:1841 this discrete glycosyl substituent 1808:1841 this discrete glycosyl substituent 1808:1841 The conservation of the MTX biosynthetic genes in a number of Actinomycetes suggests that this discrete glycosyl substituent may be more widespread in prokaryotes than originally thought. 28075556 2 89 theme entire 353:358 arg1 molecule 360:367 the entire molecule 349:367 the entire molecule 349:367 The nonreducing arabinan termini of LAM display species-specific structural microheterogeneity that impacts the biological activity of the entire molecule. 28075556 4 90 theme biological 590:599 arg1 functions 601:609 biological functions 590:609 biological functions 590:609 While the biological functions and catalytic steps leading to the formation of the mannoside caps of M. tuberculosis LAM have been well established, the biosynthetic origin and biological relevance of the MTX motif remain elusive. 28075556 6 91 theme biosynthesis 1421:1432 arg1 5'-methylthioadenosine 1351:1372 5'-methylthioadenosine 1351:1372 5'-methylthioadenosine 1351:1372 Collectively, our NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses of mtxS and mtxT overexpressors and knockout mutants support a biosynthetic model wherein the conversion of 5'-methylthioadenosine, which is a ubiquitous byproduct of spermidine biosynthesis, into 5'-methylthioribose-1-phosphate precedes the formation of a 5'-methylthioribose nucleotide sugar, followed by the epimerization at C-3 of the ribose residue, and the transfer of MTX from the nucleotide sugar to decaprenyl-phosphate yielding the substrate for transfer onto LAM. 28075556 6 91 theme biosynthesis 1421:1432 arg1 byproduct 1397:1405 a ubiquitous byproduct 1384:1405 a ubiquitous byproduct of spermidine biosynthesis 1384:1432 Collectively, our NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses of mtxS and mtxT overexpressors and knockout mutants support a biosynthetic model wherein the conversion of 5'-methylthioadenosine, which is a ubiquitous byproduct of spermidine biosynthesis, into 5'-methylthioribose-1-phosphate precedes the formation of a 5'-methylthioribose nucleotide sugar, followed by the epimerization at C-3 of the ribose residue, and the transfer of MTX from the nucleotide sugar to decaprenyl-phosphate yielding the substrate for transfer onto LAM. 28075556 5 92 theme LAM 1170:1172 arg1 caps 1162:1165 the mannoside caps 1148:1165 the mannoside caps of LAM 1148:1172 We here report on the discovery of a five-gene cluster dedicated to the biosynthesis of the MTX capping motif of M. tuberculosis LAM, and on the functional characterization of two glycosyltransferases, MtxS and MtxT, responsible, respectively, for the production of decaprenyl-phospho-MTX (DP-MTX) and the transfer of MTX from DP-MTX to the mannoside caps of LAM. 24190499 0 0 theme cellobiose 93:102 arg1 fermentation 104:115 cellobiose fermentation 93:115 cellobiose fermentation 93:115 Analysis of cellodextrin transporters from Neurospora crassa in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for cellobiose fermentation. 24190499 8 1 from properties 1516:1525 arg1 cerevisiae 1542:1551 S. cerevisiae 1539:1551 S. cerevisiae 1539:1551 While CDT-2 is expected to have energetic benefits, the expression levels and kinetic properties of CDT-1 in S. cerevisiae appears to be optimum for cellobiose fermentation. 24190499 2 2 theme present 416:422 arg1 sugars 409:414 non-glucose sugars 397:414 non-glucose sugars present in cellulosic hydrolyzates 397:449 Direct fermentation of cellodextrins instead of glucose is advantageous because glucose inhibits cellulase activity and represses the fermentation of non-glucose sugars present in cellulosic hydrolyzates. 24190499 8 3 theme CDT-1 1530:1534 arg1 expression 1486:1495 the expression levels and kinetic properties 1482:1525 expression 1486:1495 While CDT-2 is expected to have energetic benefits, the expression levels and kinetic properties of CDT-1 in S. cerevisiae appears to be optimum for cellobiose fermentation. 24190499 8 3 theme CDT-1 1530:1534 arg1 properties 1516:1525 kinetic properties 1508:1525 kinetic properties 1508:1525 While CDT-2 is expected to have energetic benefits, the expression levels and kinetic properties of CDT-1 in S. cerevisiae appears to be optimum for cellobiose fermentation. 24190499 8 3 theme CDT-1 1530:1534 arg1 optimum 1567:1573 optimum 1567:1573 optimum 1567:1573 While CDT-2 is expected to have energetic benefits, the expression levels and kinetic properties of CDT-1 in S. cerevisiae appears to be optimum for cellobiose fermentation. 24190499 8 4 contain have 1457:1460 arg2 benefits 1472:1479 energetic benefits 1462:1479 energetic benefits 1462:1479 While CDT-2 is expected to have energetic benefits, the expression levels and kinetic properties of CDT-1 in S. cerevisiae appears to be optimum for cellobiose fermentation. 24190499 8 4 contain have 1457:1460 arg1 CDT-2 1436:1440 CDT-2 1436:1440 CDT-2 1436:1440 While CDT-2 is expected to have energetic benefits, the expression levels and kinetic properties of CDT-1 in S. cerevisiae appears to be optimum for cellobiose fermentation. 24190499 2 5 theme sugars 409:414 arg1 fermentation 381:392 the fermentation 377:392 the fermentation of non-glucose sugars present in cellulosic hydrolyzates 377:449 Direct fermentation of cellodextrins instead of glucose is advantageous because glucose inhibits cellulase activity and represses the fermentation of non-glucose sugars present in cellulosic hydrolyzates. 24190499 2 6 attach present 416:422 arg1 hydrolyzates 438:449 cellulosic hydrolyzates 427:449 cellulosic hydrolyzates 427:449 Direct fermentation of cellodextrins instead of glucose is advantageous because glucose inhibits cellulase activity and represses the fermentation of non-glucose sugars present in cellulosic hydrolyzates. 24190499 2 6 attach present 416:422 arg2 sugars 409:414 non-glucose sugars 397:414 non-glucose sugars present in cellulosic hydrolyzates 397:449 Direct fermentation of cellodextrins instead of glucose is advantageous because glucose inhibits cellulase activity and represses the fermentation of non-glucose sugars present in cellulosic hydrolyzates. 24190499 8 7 theme energetic 1462:1470 arg1 benefits 1472:1479 energetic benefits 1462:1479 energetic benefits 1462:1479 While CDT-2 is expected to have energetic benefits, the expression levels and kinetic properties of CDT-1 in S. cerevisiae appears to be optimum for cellobiose fermentation. 24190499 6 8 theme transport 1080:1088 arg1 assays 1090:1095 Cellobiose transport assays 1069:1095 Cellobiose transport assays with the resulting strains 1069:1122 Cellobiose transport assays with the resulting strains indicated that CDT-1 is a proton symporter while CDT-2 is a simple facilitator. 24190499 9 9 theme cellobiose 1652:1661 arg1 transporter 1663:1673 a more effective cellobiose transporter 1635:1673 a more effective cellobiose transporter than CDT-2 for engineering S. cerevisiae to ferment cellobiose 1635:1736 These results suggest CDT-1 is a more effective cellobiose transporter than CDT-2 for engineering S. cerevisiae to ferment cellobiose. 24190499 9 9 theme cellobiose 1652:1661 arg1 CDT-1 1626:1630 CDT-1 1626:1630 CDT-1 1626:1630 These results suggest CDT-1 is a more effective cellobiose transporter than CDT-2 for engineering S. cerevisiae to ferment cellobiose. 24190499 3 10 theme cellodextrin 588:599 arg1 transporter 601:611 a cellodextrin transporter 586:611 a cellodextrin transporter 586:611 To facilitate cellodextrin utilization by S. cerevisiae, a fungal cellodextrin-utilizing pathway from Neurospora crassa consisting of a cellodextrin transporter and a cellodextrin hydrolase has been introduced into S. cerevisiae. 24190499 4 11 theme cellodextrin 686:697 arg1 CDT-1 713:717 CDT-1 713:717 CDT-1 713:717 Two cellodextrin transporters (CDT-1 and CDT-2) were previously identified in N. crassa, but their kinetic properties and efficiency for cellobiose fermentation have not been studied in detail. 24190499 4 11 theme cellodextrin 686:697 arg1 transporters 699:710 Two cellodextrin transporters 682:710 Two cellodextrin transporters (CDT-1 and CDT-2) 682:728 Two cellodextrin transporters (CDT-1 and CDT-2) were previously identified in N. crassa, but their kinetic properties and efficiency for cellobiose fermentation have not been studied in detail. 24190499 4 11 theme cellodextrin 686:697 arg1 CDT-2 723:727 CDT-2 723:727 CDT-2 723:727 Two cellodextrin transporters (CDT-1 and CDT-2) were previously identified in N. crassa, but their kinetic properties and efficiency for cellobiose fermentation have not been studied in detail. 24190499 4 12 theme kinetic 781:787 arg1 properties 789:798 their kinetic properties 775:798 their kinetic properties 775:798 Two cellodextrin transporters (CDT-1 and CDT-2) were previously identified in N. crassa, but their kinetic properties and efficiency for cellobiose fermentation have not been studied in detail. 24190499 0 13 from crassa 54:59 arg1 cerevisiae 78:87 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 64:87 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 64:87 Analysis of cellodextrin transporters from Neurospora crassa in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for cellobiose fermentation. 24190499 3 14 theme Neurospora 554:563 arg1 crassa 565:570 Neurospora crassa 554:570 Neurospora crassa consisting of a cellodextrin transporter and a cellodextrin hydrolase 554:640 To facilitate cellodextrin utilization by S. cerevisiae, a fungal cellodextrin-utilizing pathway from Neurospora crassa consisting of a cellodextrin transporter and a cellodextrin hydrolase has been introduced into S. cerevisiae. 24190499 3 15 theme cellodextrin 619:630 arg1 hydrolase 632:640 a cellodextrin hydrolase 617:640 a cellodextrin hydrolase 617:640 To facilitate cellodextrin utilization by S. cerevisiae, a fungal cellodextrin-utilizing pathway from Neurospora crassa consisting of a cellodextrin transporter and a cellodextrin hydrolase has been introduced into S. cerevisiae. 24190499 8 16 from expression 1486:1495 arg1 cerevisiae 1542:1551 S. cerevisiae 1539:1551 S. cerevisiae 1539:1551 While CDT-2 is expected to have energetic benefits, the expression levels and kinetic properties of CDT-1 in S. cerevisiae appears to be optimum for cellobiose fermentation. 24190499 4 17 theme N. 760:761 arg1 crassa 763:768 N. crassa 760:768 N. crassa 760:768 Two cellodextrin transporters (CDT-1 and CDT-2) were previously identified in N. crassa, but their kinetic properties and efficiency for cellobiose fermentation have not been studied in detail. 24190499 6 18 theme Cellobiose 1069:1078 arg1 assays 1090:1095 Cellobiose transport assays 1069:1095 Cellobiose transport assays with the resulting strains 1069:1122 Cellobiose transport assays with the resulting strains indicated that CDT-1 is a proton symporter while CDT-2 is a simple facilitator. 24190499 2 19 from present 416:422 arg1 hydrolyzates 438:449 cellulosic hydrolyzates 427:449 cellulosic hydrolyzates 427:449 Direct fermentation of cellodextrins instead of glucose is advantageous because glucose inhibits cellulase activity and represses the fermentation of non-glucose sugars present in cellulosic hydrolyzates. 24190499 9 20 theme effective 1642:1650 arg1 transporter 1663:1673 a more effective cellobiose transporter 1635:1673 a more effective cellobiose transporter than CDT-2 for engineering S. cerevisiae to ferment cellobiose 1635:1736 These results suggest CDT-1 is a more effective cellobiose transporter than CDT-2 for engineering S. cerevisiae to ferment cellobiose. 24190499 9 20 theme effective 1642:1650 arg1 CDT-1 1626:1630 CDT-1 1626:1630 CDT-1 1626:1630 These results suggest CDT-1 is a more effective cellobiose transporter than CDT-2 for engineering S. cerevisiae to ferment cellobiose. 24190499 3 21 theme fungal 511:516 arg1 pathway 541:547 a fungal cellodextrin-utilizing pathway 509:547 a fungal cellodextrin-utilizing pathway from Neurospora crassa consisting of a cellodextrin transporter and a cellodextrin hydrolase 509:640 To facilitate cellodextrin utilization by S. cerevisiae, a fungal cellodextrin-utilizing pathway from Neurospora crassa consisting of a cellodextrin transporter and a cellodextrin hydrolase has been introduced into S. cerevisiae. 24190499 6 22 dep symporter 1157:1165 arg1 facilitator 1191:1201 a simple facilitator 1182:1201 a simple facilitator 1182:1201 Cellobiose transport assays with the resulting strains indicated that CDT-1 is a proton symporter while CDT-2 is a simple facilitator. 24190499 6 22 dep symporter 1157:1165 arg1 CDT-2 1173:1177 CDT-2 1173:1177 CDT-2 1173:1177 Cellobiose transport assays with the resulting strains indicated that CDT-1 is a proton symporter while CDT-2 is a simple facilitator. 24190499 7 23 theme faster 1257:1262 arg1 fermentation 1275:1286 faster cellobiose fermentation 1257:1286 faster cellobiose fermentation 1257:1286 A strain expressing CDT-1 and GH1-1 (DCDT-1G) showed faster cellobiose fermentation than the strain expressing CDT-2 and GH1-1 (DCDT-2G) under various culture conditions with different medium compositions and aeration levels. 24190499 5 24 theme distinct 962:969 arg1 mechanisms 971:980 distinct mechanisms 962:980 distinct mechanisms 962:980 In this study, CDT-1 and CDT-2, which are hypothesized to transport cellodextrin with distinct mechanisms, were introduced into S. cerevisiae along with an intracellular β-glucosidase (GH1-1). 24190499 5 25 theme intracellular 1032:1044 arg1 GH1-1 1061:1065 GH1-1 1061:1065 GH1-1 1061:1065 In this study, CDT-1 and CDT-2, which are hypothesized to transport cellodextrin with distinct mechanisms, were introduced into S. cerevisiae along with an intracellular β-glucosidase (GH1-1). 24190499 5 25 theme intracellular 1032:1044 arg1 β-glucosidase 1046:1058 an intracellular β-glucosidase 1029:1058 an intracellular β-glucosidase (GH1-1) 1029:1066 In this study, CDT-1 and CDT-2, which are hypothesized to transport cellodextrin with distinct mechanisms, were introduced into S. cerevisiae along with an intracellular β-glucosidase (GH1-1). 24190499 8 26 theme cellobiose 1579:1588 arg1 fermentation 1590:1601 cellobiose fermentation 1579:1601 cellobiose fermentation 1579:1601 While CDT-2 is expected to have energetic benefits, the expression levels and kinetic properties of CDT-1 in S. cerevisiae appears to be optimum for cellobiose fermentation. 24190499 7 27 theme medium 1389:1394 arg1 compositions 1396:1407 different medium compositions 1379:1407 different medium compositions 1379:1407 A strain expressing CDT-1 and GH1-1 (DCDT-1G) showed faster cellobiose fermentation than the strain expressing CDT-2 and GH1-1 (DCDT-2G) under various culture conditions with different medium compositions and aeration levels. 24190499 0 28 theme cellodextrin 12:23 arg1 Analysis 0:7 Analysis 0:7 Analysis of cellodextrin 0:23 Analysis of cellodextrin transporters from Neurospora crassa in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for cellobiose fermentation. 24190499 4 29 dep transporters 699:710 arg1 CDT-1 713:717 CDT-1 713:717 CDT-1 713:717 Two cellodextrin transporters (CDT-1 and CDT-2) were previously identified in N. crassa, but their kinetic properties and efficiency for cellobiose fermentation have not been studied in detail. 24190499 4 29 dep transporters 699:710 arg1 transporters 699:710 Two cellodextrin transporters 682:710 Two cellodextrin transporters (CDT-1 and CDT-2) 682:728 Two cellodextrin transporters (CDT-1 and CDT-2) were previously identified in N. crassa, but their kinetic properties and efficiency for cellobiose fermentation have not been studied in detail. 24190499 4 29 dep transporters 699:710 arg1 CDT-2 723:727 CDT-2 723:727 CDT-2 723:727 Two cellodextrin transporters (CDT-1 and CDT-2) were previously identified in N. crassa, but their kinetic properties and efficiency for cellobiose fermentation have not been studied in detail. 24190499 2 30 theme cellulase 344:352 arg1 activity 354:361 cellulase activity 344:361 cellulase activity 344:361 Direct fermentation of cellodextrins instead of glucose is advantageous because glucose inhibits cellulase activity and represses the fermentation of non-glucose sugars present in cellulosic hydrolyzates. 24190499 1 31 theme cellulose 225:233 arg1 hydrolysis 235:244 cellulose hydrolysis 225:244 cellulose hydrolysis 225:244 Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be engineered to ferment cellodextrins produced by cellulases as a product of cellulose hydrolysis. 24190499 0 32 theme Neurospora 43:52 arg1 crassa 54:59 Neurospora crassa 43:59 Neurospora crassa in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for cellobiose fermentation 43:115 Analysis of cellodextrin transporters from Neurospora crassa in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for cellobiose fermentation. 24190499 3 33 theme cellodextrin-utilizing 518:539 arg1 pathway 541:547 a fungal cellodextrin-utilizing pathway 509:547 a fungal cellodextrin-utilizing pathway from Neurospora crassa consisting of a cellodextrin transporter and a cellodextrin hydrolase 509:640 To facilitate cellodextrin utilization by S. cerevisiae, a fungal cellodextrin-utilizing pathway from Neurospora crassa consisting of a cellodextrin transporter and a cellodextrin hydrolase has been introduced into S. cerevisiae. 24190499 2 34 theme cellodextrins 270:282 arg1 fermentation 254:265 Direct fermentation 247:265 Direct fermentation of cellodextrins instead of glucose 247:301 Direct fermentation of cellodextrins instead of glucose is advantageous because glucose inhibits cellulase activity and represses the fermentation of non-glucose sugars present in cellulosic hydrolyzates. 24190499 6 35 theme proton 1150:1155 arg1 symporter 1157:1165 a proton symporter 1148:1165 a proton symporter while CDT-2 is a simple facilitator 1148:1201 Cellobiose transport assays with the resulting strains indicated that CDT-1 is a proton symporter while CDT-2 is a simple facilitator. 24190499 6 35 theme proton 1150:1155 arg1 CDT-1 1139:1143 CDT-1 1139:1143 CDT-1 1139:1143 Cellobiose transport assays with the resulting strains indicated that CDT-1 is a proton symporter while CDT-2 is a simple facilitator. 24190499 1 36 theme hydrolysis 235:244 arg1 product 214:220 a product 212:220 a product of cellulose hydrolysis 212:244 Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be engineered to ferment cellodextrins produced by cellulases as a product of cellulose hydrolysis. 24190499 7 37 theme different 1379:1387 arg1 compositions 1396:1407 different medium compositions 1379:1407 different medium compositions 1379:1407 A strain expressing CDT-1 and GH1-1 (DCDT-1G) showed faster cellobiose fermentation than the strain expressing CDT-2 and GH1-1 (DCDT-2G) under various culture conditions with different medium compositions and aeration levels. 24190499 3 38 theme cellodextrin 466:477 arg1 utilization 479:489 cellodextrin utilization 466:489 cellodextrin utilization 466:489 To facilitate cellodextrin utilization by S. cerevisiae, a fungal cellodextrin-utilizing pathway from Neurospora crassa consisting of a cellodextrin transporter and a cellodextrin hydrolase has been introduced into S. cerevisiae. 24190499 8 39 dep expression 1486:1495 arg1 levels 1497:1502 levels 1497:1502 levels 1497:1502 While CDT-2 is expected to have energetic benefits, the expression levels and kinetic properties of CDT-1 in S. cerevisiae appears to be optimum for cellobiose fermentation. 24190499 2 40 from hydrolyzates 438:449 arg1 present 416:422 present 416:422 present 416:422 Direct fermentation of cellodextrins instead of glucose is advantageous because glucose inhibits cellulase activity and represses the fermentation of non-glucose sugars present in cellulosic hydrolyzates. 24190499 2 41 theme non-glucose 397:407 arg1 sugars 409:414 non-glucose sugars 397:414 non-glucose sugars present in cellulosic hydrolyzates 397:449 Direct fermentation of cellodextrins instead of glucose is advantageous because glucose inhibits cellulase activity and represses the fermentation of non-glucose sugars present in cellulosic hydrolyzates. 24190499 7 42 theme aeration 1413:1420 arg1 levels 1422:1427 aeration levels 1413:1427 aeration levels 1413:1427 A strain expressing CDT-1 and GH1-1 (DCDT-1G) showed faster cellobiose fermentation than the strain expressing CDT-2 and GH1-1 (DCDT-2G) under various culture conditions with different medium compositions and aeration levels. 24190499 2 43 theme Direct 247:252 arg1 fermentation 254:265 Direct fermentation 247:265 Direct fermentation of cellodextrins instead of glucose 247:301 Direct fermentation of cellodextrins instead of glucose is advantageous because glucose inhibits cellulase activity and represses the fermentation of non-glucose sugars present in cellulosic hydrolyzates. 24190499 7 44 theme culture 1355:1361 arg1 conditions 1363:1372 various culture conditions 1347:1372 various culture conditions 1347:1372 A strain expressing CDT-1 and GH1-1 (DCDT-1G) showed faster cellobiose fermentation than the strain expressing CDT-2 and GH1-1 (DCDT-2G) under various culture conditions with different medium compositions and aeration levels. 24190499 3 45 from crassa 565:570 arg1 pathway 541:547 a fungal cellodextrin-utilizing pathway 509:547 a fungal cellodextrin-utilizing pathway from Neurospora crassa consisting of a cellodextrin transporter and a cellodextrin hydrolase 509:640 To facilitate cellodextrin utilization by S. cerevisiae, a fungal cellodextrin-utilizing pathway from Neurospora crassa consisting of a cellodextrin transporter and a cellodextrin hydrolase has been introduced into S. cerevisiae. 24190499 8 46 theme kinetic 1508:1514 arg1 properties 1516:1525 kinetic properties 1508:1525 kinetic properties 1508:1525 While CDT-2 is expected to have energetic benefits, the expression levels and kinetic properties of CDT-1 in S. cerevisiae appears to be optimum for cellobiose fermentation. 24190499 4 47 theme cellobiose 819:828 arg1 fermentation 830:841 cellobiose fermentation 819:841 cellobiose fermentation 819:841 Two cellodextrin transporters (CDT-1 and CDT-2) were previously identified in N. crassa, but their kinetic properties and efficiency for cellobiose fermentation have not been studied in detail. 24190499 2 48 theme glucose 295:301 arg1 cellodextrins 270:282 cellodextrins 270:282 cellodextrins instead of glucose 270:301 Direct fermentation of cellodextrins instead of glucose is advantageous because glucose inhibits cellulase activity and represses the fermentation of non-glucose sugars present in cellulosic hydrolyzates. 24190499 7 49 theme various 1347:1353 arg1 conditions 1363:1372 various culture conditions 1347:1372 various culture conditions 1347:1372 A strain expressing CDT-1 and GH1-1 (DCDT-1G) showed faster cellobiose fermentation than the strain expressing CDT-2 and GH1-1 (DCDT-2G) under various culture conditions with different medium compositions and aeration levels. 24190499 2 50 theme cellulosic 427:436 arg1 hydrolyzates 438:449 cellulosic hydrolyzates 427:449 cellulosic hydrolyzates 427:449 Direct fermentation of cellodextrins instead of glucose is advantageous because glucose inhibits cellulase activity and represses the fermentation of non-glucose sugars present in cellulosic hydrolyzates. 24190499 6 51 theme resulting 1106:1114 arg1 strains 1116:1122 the resulting strains 1102:1122 the resulting strains 1102:1122 Cellobiose transport assays with the resulting strains indicated that CDT-1 is a proton symporter while CDT-2 is a simple facilitator. 24190499 7 52 theme cellobiose 1264:1273 arg1 fermentation 1275:1286 faster cellobiose fermentation 1257:1286 faster cellobiose fermentation 1257:1286 A strain expressing CDT-1 and GH1-1 (DCDT-1G) showed faster cellobiose fermentation than the strain expressing CDT-2 and GH1-1 (DCDT-2G) under various culture conditions with different medium compositions and aeration levels. 24190499 6 53 with assays 1090:1095 arg1 strains 1116:1122 the resulting strains 1102:1122 the resulting strains 1102:1122 Cellobiose transport assays with the resulting strains indicated that CDT-1 is a proton symporter while CDT-2 is a simple facilitator. 24190499 6 54 theme simple 1184:1189 arg1 facilitator 1191:1201 a simple facilitator 1182:1201 a simple facilitator 1182:1201 Cellobiose transport assays with the resulting strains indicated that CDT-1 is a proton symporter while CDT-2 is a simple facilitator. 24190499 6 54 theme simple 1184:1189 arg1 CDT-2 1173:1177 CDT-2 1173:1177 CDT-2 1173:1177 Cellobiose transport assays with the resulting strains indicated that CDT-1 is a proton symporter while CDT-2 is a simple facilitator. 25037375 4 0 theme fibers 660:665 arg1 analysis 634:641 Thermal analysis 626:641 Thermal analysis of the composite fibers 626:665 Thermal analysis of the composite fibers showed remarkably enhanced thermal stability and dynamic heat transfer performance of graphene-filled cellulose composite fiber, also, the presence of graphene oxide can significantly enhance the thermal conductivity of the composite fiber. 25037375 1 1 theme SEM 261:263 arg1 techniques 284:293 SEM, TEM, FTIR and XRD techniques 261:293 SEM, TEM, FTIR and XRD techniques 261:293 In this study, a wet spinning method was applied to fabricate regenerated cellulose fibers filled with low graphene loading which was systematically characterized by SEM, TEM, FTIR and XRD techniques. 25037375 6 2 theme reinforced 1102:1111 arg1 materials 1121:1129 reinforced fibrous materials 1102:1129 reinforced fibrous materials 1102:1129 The resultant composite fibers have potential application in thermal insulation and reinforced fibrous materials. 25037375 3 3 theme 25 474:475 arg1 % 476:476 % 476:476 % 476:476 With only 0.2 wt% loading of graphene, a ∼ 50% improvement of tensile strength and 25% enhancement of Young's modulus were obtained and the modified Halpin-Tsai model was built to predict the mechanical properties of composite fibers. 25037375 4 4 theme thermal 863:869 arg1 conductivity 871:882 the thermal conductivity 859:882 the thermal conductivity of the composite fiber 859:905 Thermal analysis of the composite fibers showed remarkably enhanced thermal stability and dynamic heat transfer performance of graphene-filled cellulose composite fiber, also, the presence of graphene oxide can significantly enhance the thermal conductivity of the composite fiber. 25037375 3 5 theme % 476:476 arg1 enhancement 478:488 25% enhancement 474:488 25% enhancement of Young's modulus 474:507 With only 0.2 wt% loading of graphene, a ∼ 50% improvement of tensile strength and 25% enhancement of Young's modulus were obtained and the modified Halpin-Tsai model was built to predict the mechanical properties of composite fibers. 25037375 4 6 theme dynamic 716:722 arg1 performance 738:748 dynamic heat transfer performance 716:748 dynamic heat transfer performance 716:748 Thermal analysis of the composite fibers showed remarkably enhanced thermal stability and dynamic heat transfer performance of graphene-filled cellulose composite fiber, also, the presence of graphene oxide can significantly enhance the thermal conductivity of the composite fiber. 25037375 1 7 theme TEM 266:268 arg1 techniques 284:293 SEM, TEM, FTIR and XRD techniques 261:293 SEM, TEM, FTIR and XRD techniques 261:293 In this study, a wet spinning method was applied to fabricate regenerated cellulose fibers filled with low graphene loading which was systematically characterized by SEM, TEM, FTIR and XRD techniques. 25037375 4 8 theme transfer 729:736 arg1 performance 738:748 dynamic heat transfer performance 716:748 dynamic heat transfer performance 716:748 Thermal analysis of the composite fibers showed remarkably enhanced thermal stability and dynamic heat transfer performance of graphene-filled cellulose composite fiber, also, the presence of graphene oxide can significantly enhance the thermal conductivity of the composite fiber. 25037375 4 9 theme enhanced 685:692 arg1 stability 702:710 remarkably enhanced thermal stability 674:710 remarkably enhanced thermal stability 674:710 Thermal analysis of the composite fibers showed remarkably enhanced thermal stability and dynamic heat transfer performance of graphene-filled cellulose composite fiber, also, the presence of graphene oxide can significantly enhance the thermal conductivity of the composite fiber. 25037375 4 10 theme composite 650:658 arg1 fibers 660:665 the composite fibers 646:665 the composite fibers 646:665 Thermal analysis of the composite fibers showed remarkably enhanced thermal stability and dynamic heat transfer performance of graphene-filled cellulose composite fiber, also, the presence of graphene oxide can significantly enhance the thermal conductivity of the composite fiber. 25037375 1 11 theme wet 112:114 arg1 method 125:130 a wet spinning method 110:130 a wet spinning method 110:130 In this study, a wet spinning method was applied to fabricate regenerated cellulose fibers filled with low graphene loading which was systematically characterized by SEM, TEM, FTIR and XRD techniques. 25037375 4 12 theme graphene 818:825 arg1 oxide 827:831 graphene oxide 818:831 graphene oxide 818:831 Thermal analysis of the composite fibers showed remarkably enhanced thermal stability and dynamic heat transfer performance of graphene-filled cellulose composite fiber, also, the presence of graphene oxide can significantly enhance the thermal conductivity of the composite fiber. 25037375 3 13 theme % 436:436 arg1 improvement 438:448 a ∼ 50% improvement 430:448 a ∼ 50% improvement of tensile strength 430:468 With only 0.2 wt% loading of graphene, a ∼ 50% improvement of tensile strength and 25% enhancement of Young's modulus were obtained and the modified Halpin-Tsai model was built to predict the mechanical properties of composite fibers. 25037375 4 14 theme graphene-filled 753:767 arg1 fiber 789:793 graphene-filled cellulose composite fiber 753:793 graphene-filled cellulose composite fiber 753:793 Thermal analysis of the composite fibers showed remarkably enhanced thermal stability and dynamic heat transfer performance of graphene-filled cellulose composite fiber, also, the presence of graphene oxide can significantly enhance the thermal conductivity of the composite fiber. 25037375 1 15 theme cellulose 169:177 arg1 fibers 179:184 regenerated cellulose fibers 157:184 regenerated cellulose fibers filled with low graphene loading which was systematically characterized by SEM, TEM, FTIR and XRD techniques 157:293 In this study, a wet spinning method was applied to fabricate regenerated cellulose fibers filled with low graphene loading which was systematically characterized by SEM, TEM, FTIR and XRD techniques. 25037375 3 16 theme Young 493:497 arg1 modulus 501:507 Young's modulus 493:507 Young's modulus 493:507 With only 0.2 wt% loading of graphene, a ∼ 50% improvement of tensile strength and 25% enhancement of Young's modulus were obtained and the modified Halpin-Tsai model was built to predict the mechanical properties of composite fibers. 25037375 0 17 theme mechanical 9:18 arg1 properties 32:41 Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties 0:41 Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of regenerated 0:56 Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of regenerated cellulose/graphene composite fibers. 25037375 6 18 contain have 1049:1052 arg1 fibers 1042:1047 The resultant composite fibers 1018:1047 The resultant composite fibers 1018:1047 The resultant composite fibers have potential application in thermal insulation and reinforced fibrous materials. 25037375 6 18 contain have 1049:1052 arg2 application 1064:1074 potential application 1054:1074 potential application 1054:1074 The resultant composite fibers have potential application in thermal insulation and reinforced fibrous materials. 25037375 6 19 theme thermal 1079:1085 arg1 insulation 1087:1096 thermal insulation 1079:1096 thermal insulation 1079:1096 The resultant composite fibers have potential application in thermal insulation and reinforced fibrous materials. 25037375 0 20 theme Enhanced 0:7 arg1 properties 32:41 Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties 0:41 Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of regenerated 0:56 Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of regenerated cellulose/graphene composite fibers. 25037375 1 21 theme FTIR 271:274 arg1 techniques 284:293 SEM, TEM, FTIR and XRD techniques 261:293 SEM, TEM, FTIR and XRD techniques 261:293 In this study, a wet spinning method was applied to fabricate regenerated cellulose fibers filled with low graphene loading which was systematically characterized by SEM, TEM, FTIR and XRD techniques. 25037375 4 22 theme oxide 827:831 arg1 presence 806:813 the presence 802:813 the presence of graphene oxide 802:831 Thermal analysis of the composite fibers showed remarkably enhanced thermal stability and dynamic heat transfer performance of graphene-filled cellulose composite fiber, also, the presence of graphene oxide can significantly enhance the thermal conductivity of the composite fiber. 25037375 4 23 dep showed 667:672 arg1 enhance 851:857 enhance 851:857 can significantly enhance the thermal conductivity of the composite fiber 833:905 Thermal analysis of the composite fibers showed remarkably enhanced thermal stability and dynamic heat transfer performance of graphene-filled cellulose composite fiber, also, the presence of graphene oxide can significantly enhance the thermal conductivity of the composite fiber. 25037375 4 24 theme Thermal 626:632 arg1 analysis 634:641 Thermal analysis 626:641 Thermal analysis of the composite fibers 626:665 Thermal analysis of the composite fibers showed remarkably enhanced thermal stability and dynamic heat transfer performance of graphene-filled cellulose composite fiber, also, the presence of graphene oxide can significantly enhance the thermal conductivity of the composite fiber. 25037375 0 25 theme thermal 24:30 arg1 properties 32:41 Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties 0:41 Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of regenerated 0:56 Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of regenerated cellulose/graphene composite fibers. 25037375 4 26 theme heat 724:727 arg1 performance 738:748 dynamic heat transfer performance 716:748 dynamic heat transfer performance 716:748 Thermal analysis of the composite fibers showed remarkably enhanced thermal stability and dynamic heat transfer performance of graphene-filled cellulose composite fiber, also, the presence of graphene oxide can significantly enhance the thermal conductivity of the composite fiber. 25037375 1 27 theme low 198:200 arg1 loading 211:217 low graphene loading 198:217 low graphene loading which was systematically characterized by SEM, TEM, FTIR and XRD techniques 198:293 In this study, a wet spinning method was applied to fabricate regenerated cellulose fibers filled with low graphene loading which was systematically characterized by SEM, TEM, FTIR and XRD techniques. 25037375 1 28 theme XRD 280:282 arg1 techniques 284:293 SEM, TEM, FTIR and XRD techniques 261:293 SEM, TEM, FTIR and XRD techniques 261:293 In this study, a wet spinning method was applied to fabricate regenerated cellulose fibers filled with low graphene loading which was systematically characterized by SEM, TEM, FTIR and XRD techniques. 25037375 4 29 theme fiber 901:905 arg1 conductivity 871:882 the thermal conductivity 859:882 the thermal conductivity of the composite fiber 859:905 Thermal analysis of the composite fibers showed remarkably enhanced thermal stability and dynamic heat transfer performance of graphene-filled cellulose composite fiber, also, the presence of graphene oxide can significantly enhance the thermal conductivity of the composite fiber. 25037375 1 30 theme regenerated 157:167 arg1 fibers 179:184 regenerated cellulose fibers 157:184 regenerated cellulose fibers filled with low graphene loading which was systematically characterized by SEM, TEM, FTIR and XRD techniques 157:293 In this study, a wet spinning method was applied to fabricate regenerated cellulose fibers filled with low graphene loading which was systematically characterized by SEM, TEM, FTIR and XRD techniques. 25037375 1 31 theme graphene 202:209 arg1 loading 211:217 low graphene loading 198:217 low graphene loading which was systematically characterized by SEM, TEM, FTIR and XRD techniques 198:293 In this study, a wet spinning method was applied to fabricate regenerated cellulose fibers filled with low graphene loading which was systematically characterized by SEM, TEM, FTIR and XRD techniques. 25037375 3 32 theme wt 405:406 arg1 loading 409:415 only 0.2 wt% loading 396:415 only 0.2 wt% loading of graphene 396:427 With only 0.2 wt% loading of graphene, a ∼ 50% improvement of tensile strength and 25% enhancement of Young's modulus were obtained and the modified Halpin-Tsai model was built to predict the mechanical properties of composite fibers. 25037375 2 33 theme thermal 329:335 arg1 properties 337:346 the mechanical and thermal properties 310:346 the mechanical and thermal properties of the resulting fibers 310:370 Subsequently, the mechanical and thermal properties of the resulting fibers were investigated. 25037375 3 34 theme composite 608:616 arg1 fibers 618:623 composite fibers 608:623 composite fibers 608:623 With only 0.2 wt% loading of graphene, a ∼ 50% improvement of tensile strength and 25% enhancement of Young's modulus were obtained and the modified Halpin-Tsai model was built to predict the mechanical properties of composite fibers. 25037375 5 35 theme cellulose 1000:1008 arg1 fibers 1010:1015 regenerated cellulose fibers 988:1015 regenerated cellulose fibers 988:1015 This work provided a facile way to improve mechanical and thermal properties of regenerated cellulose fibers. 25037375 6 36 theme potential 1054:1062 arg1 application 1064:1074 potential application 1054:1074 potential application 1054:1074 The resultant composite fibers have potential application in thermal insulation and reinforced fibrous materials. 25037375 6 37 theme composite 1032:1040 arg1 fibers 1042:1047 The resultant composite fibers 1018:1047 The resultant composite fibers 1018:1047 The resultant composite fibers have potential application in thermal insulation and reinforced fibrous materials. 25037375 3 38 theme % 407:407 arg1 loading 409:415 only 0.2 wt% loading 396:415 only 0.2 wt% loading of graphene 396:427 With only 0.2 wt% loading of graphene, a ∼ 50% improvement of tensile strength and 25% enhancement of Young's modulus were obtained and the modified Halpin-Tsai model was built to predict the mechanical properties of composite fibers. 25037375 3 39 theme mechanical 583:592 arg1 properties 594:603 the mechanical properties 579:603 the mechanical properties of composite fibers 579:623 With only 0.2 wt% loading of graphene, a ∼ 50% improvement of tensile strength and 25% enhancement of Young's modulus were obtained and the modified Halpin-Tsai model was built to predict the mechanical properties of composite fibers. 25037375 5 40 theme fibers 1010:1015 arg1 properties 974:983 mechanical and thermal properties 951:983 mechanical and thermal properties of regenerated cellulose fibers 951:1015 This work provided a facile way to improve mechanical and thermal properties of regenerated cellulose fibers. 25037375 3 41 theme ∼ 432:432 arg1 improvement 438:448 a ∼ 50% improvement 430:448 a ∼ 50% improvement of tensile strength 430:468 With only 0.2 wt% loading of graphene, a ∼ 50% improvement of tensile strength and 25% enhancement of Young's modulus were obtained and the modified Halpin-Tsai model was built to predict the mechanical properties of composite fibers. 25037375 6 42 theme resultant 1022:1030 arg1 fibers 1042:1047 The resultant composite fibers 1018:1047 The resultant composite fibers 1018:1047 The resultant composite fibers have potential application in thermal insulation and reinforced fibrous materials. 25037375 3 43 theme graphene 420:427 arg1 loading 409:415 only 0.2 wt% loading 396:415 only 0.2 wt% loading of graphene 396:427 With only 0.2 wt% loading of graphene, a ∼ 50% improvement of tensile strength and 25% enhancement of Young's modulus were obtained and the modified Halpin-Tsai model was built to predict the mechanical properties of composite fibers. 25037375 3 44 theme modified 531:538 arg1 model 552:556 the modified Halpin-Tsai model 527:556 the modified Halpin-Tsai model 527:556 With only 0.2 wt% loading of graphene, a ∼ 50% improvement of tensile strength and 25% enhancement of Young's modulus were obtained and the modified Halpin-Tsai model was built to predict the mechanical properties of composite fibers. 25037375 6 45 theme fibrous 1113:1119 arg1 materials 1121:1129 reinforced fibrous materials 1102:1129 reinforced fibrous materials 1102:1129 The resultant composite fibers have potential application in thermal insulation and reinforced fibrous materials. 25037375 3 46 theme tensile 453:459 arg1 strength 461:468 tensile strength 453:468 tensile strength 453:468 With only 0.2 wt% loading of graphene, a ∼ 50% improvement of tensile strength and 25% enhancement of Young's modulus were obtained and the modified Halpin-Tsai model was built to predict the mechanical properties of composite fibers. 25037375 0 47 theme regenerated 46:56 arg1 properties 32:41 Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties 0:41 Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of regenerated 0:56 Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of regenerated cellulose/graphene composite fibers. 25037375 3 48 theme Halpin-Tsai 540:550 arg1 model 552:556 the modified Halpin-Tsai model 527:556 the modified Halpin-Tsai model 527:556 With only 0.2 wt% loading of graphene, a ∼ 50% improvement of tensile strength and 25% enhancement of Young's modulus were obtained and the modified Halpin-Tsai model was built to predict the mechanical properties of composite fibers. 25037375 1 49 theme spinning 116:123 arg1 method 125:130 a wet spinning method 110:130 a wet spinning method 110:130 In this study, a wet spinning method was applied to fabricate regenerated cellulose fibers filled with low graphene loading which was systematically characterized by SEM, TEM, FTIR and XRD techniques. 25037375 5 50 theme regenerated 988:998 arg1 fibers 1010:1015 regenerated cellulose fibers 988:1015 regenerated cellulose fibers 988:1015 This work provided a facile way to improve mechanical and thermal properties of regenerated cellulose fibers. 25037375 4 51 theme composite 891:899 arg1 fiber 901:905 the composite fiber 887:905 the composite fiber 887:905 Thermal analysis of the composite fibers showed remarkably enhanced thermal stability and dynamic heat transfer performance of graphene-filled cellulose composite fiber, also, the presence of graphene oxide can significantly enhance the thermal conductivity of the composite fiber. 25037375 5 52 theme thermal 966:972 arg1 properties 974:983 mechanical and thermal properties 951:983 mechanical and thermal properties of regenerated cellulose fibers 951:1015 This work provided a facile way to improve mechanical and thermal properties of regenerated cellulose fibers. 25037375 4 53 theme composite 779:787 arg1 fiber 789:793 graphene-filled cellulose composite fiber 753:793 graphene-filled cellulose composite fiber 753:793 Thermal analysis of the composite fibers showed remarkably enhanced thermal stability and dynamic heat transfer performance of graphene-filled cellulose composite fiber, also, the presence of graphene oxide can significantly enhance the thermal conductivity of the composite fiber. 25037375 4 54 theme thermal 694:700 arg1 stability 702:710 remarkably enhanced thermal stability 674:710 remarkably enhanced thermal stability 674:710 Thermal analysis of the composite fibers showed remarkably enhanced thermal stability and dynamic heat transfer performance of graphene-filled cellulose composite fiber, also, the presence of graphene oxide can significantly enhance the thermal conductivity of the composite fiber. 25037375 5 55 theme facile 929:934 arg1 way 936:938 a facile way 927:938 a facile way to improve mechanical and thermal properties of regenerated cellulose fibers 927:1015 This work provided a facile way to improve mechanical and thermal properties of regenerated cellulose fibers. 25037375 3 56 theme fibers 618:623 arg1 properties 594:603 the mechanical properties 579:603 the mechanical properties of composite fibers 579:623 With only 0.2 wt% loading of graphene, a ∼ 50% improvement of tensile strength and 25% enhancement of Young's modulus were obtained and the modified Halpin-Tsai model was built to predict the mechanical properties of composite fibers. 25037375 4 57 theme cellulose 769:777 arg1 fiber 789:793 graphene-filled cellulose composite fiber 753:793 graphene-filled cellulose composite fiber 753:793 Thermal analysis of the composite fibers showed remarkably enhanced thermal stability and dynamic heat transfer performance of graphene-filled cellulose composite fiber, also, the presence of graphene oxide can significantly enhance the thermal conductivity of the composite fiber. 25037375 2 58 theme mechanical 314:323 arg1 properties 337:346 the mechanical and thermal properties 310:346 the mechanical and thermal properties of the resulting fibers 310:370 Subsequently, the mechanical and thermal properties of the resulting fibers were investigated. 25037375 5 59 theme mechanical 951:960 arg1 properties 974:983 mechanical and thermal properties 951:983 mechanical and thermal properties of regenerated cellulose fibers 951:1015 This work provided a facile way to improve mechanical and thermal properties of regenerated cellulose fibers. 25037375 3 60 theme 50 434:435 arg1 % 436:436 % 436:436 % 436:436 With only 0.2 wt% loading of graphene, a ∼ 50% improvement of tensile strength and 25% enhancement of Young's modulus were obtained and the modified Halpin-Tsai model was built to predict the mechanical properties of composite fibers. 25037375 2 61 theme fibers 365:370 arg1 properties 337:346 the mechanical and thermal properties 310:346 the mechanical and thermal properties of the resulting fibers 310:370 Subsequently, the mechanical and thermal properties of the resulting fibers were investigated. 25037375 0 62 theme composite 77:85 arg1 fibers 87:92 composite fibers 77:92 composite fibers 77:92 Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of regenerated cellulose/graphene composite fibers. 25037375 4 63 theme fiber 789:793 arg1 performance 738:748 dynamic heat transfer performance 716:748 dynamic heat transfer performance 716:748 Thermal analysis of the composite fibers showed remarkably enhanced thermal stability and dynamic heat transfer performance of graphene-filled cellulose composite fiber, also, the presence of graphene oxide can significantly enhance the thermal conductivity of the composite fiber. 25037375 4 63 theme fiber 789:793 arg1 stability 702:710 remarkably enhanced thermal stability 674:710 remarkably enhanced thermal stability 674:710 Thermal analysis of the composite fibers showed remarkably enhanced thermal stability and dynamic heat transfer performance of graphene-filled cellulose composite fiber, also, the presence of graphene oxide can significantly enhance the thermal conductivity of the composite fiber. 25037375 2 64 theme resulting 355:363 arg1 fibers 365:370 the resulting fibers 351:370 the resulting fibers 351:370 Subsequently, the mechanical and thermal properties of the resulting fibers were investigated. 25037375 3 65 theme strength 461:468 arg1 improvement 438:448 a ∼ 50% improvement 430:448 a ∼ 50% improvement of tensile strength 430:468 With only 0.2 wt% loading of graphene, a ∼ 50% improvement of tensile strength and 25% enhancement of Young's modulus were obtained and the modified Halpin-Tsai model was built to predict the mechanical properties of composite fibers. 25037375 3 65 theme strength 461:468 arg1 enhancement 478:488 25% enhancement 474:488 25% enhancement of Young's modulus 474:507 With only 0.2 wt% loading of graphene, a ∼ 50% improvement of tensile strength and 25% enhancement of Young's modulus were obtained and the modified Halpin-Tsai model was built to predict the mechanical properties of composite fibers. 26686133 2 0 theme wound 400:404 arg1 dressings 406:414 alginate-based composite film wound dressings 370:414 alginate-based composite film wound dressings 370:414 This study aimed to formulate and characterize simvastatin in alginate-based composite film wound dressings. 26686133 6 1 contain possess 865:871 arg2 properties 933:942 superior mechanical properties 913:942 superior mechanical properties 913:942 From the pre-formulation studies, alginate/pectin composite film showed to possess desirable wound dressing properties and superior mechanical properties. 26686133 6 1 contain possess 865:871 arg2 properties 898:907 desirable wound dressing properties 873:907 desirable wound dressing properties 873:907 From the pre-formulation studies, alginate/pectin composite film showed to possess desirable wound dressing properties and superior mechanical properties. 26686133 6 1 contain possess 865:871 arg1 film 850:853 alginate/pectin composite film 824:853 alginate/pectin composite film 824:853 From the pre-formulation studies, alginate/pectin composite film showed to possess desirable wound dressing properties and superior mechanical properties. 26686133 4 2 theme physical 564:571 arg1 properties 573:582 their physical properties 558:582 their physical properties 558:582 The films were prepared and characterized based on their physical properties, surface morphology, mechanical strength and rheology. 26686133 5 3 theme in 645:646 arg1 drug 654:657 in vitro drug 645:657 in vitro drug 645:657 Then, in vitro drug releases from the films were investigated and, finally, the cell viability assay was performed to assess the cytotoxicity profile. 26686133 1 4 theme topical 174:180 arg1 application 182:192 topical application 174:192 topical application of simvastatin 174:207 Previously, studies have demonstrated that topical application of simvastatin can promote wound healing in diabetic mice via augmentation of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. 26686133 1 5 theme angiogenesis 272:283 arg1 augmentation 256:267 augmentation 256:267 augmentation of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis 256:305 Previously, studies have demonstrated that topical application of simvastatin can promote wound healing in diabetic mice via augmentation of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. 26686133 0 6 theme potential 105:113 arg1 dressing 121:128 a potential wound dressing 103:128 a potential wound dressing 103:128 Development and physicochemical characterization of alginate composite film loaded with simvastatin as a potential wound dressing. 26686133 2 7 from simvastatin 355:365 arg1 dressings 406:414 alginate-based composite film wound dressings 370:414 alginate-based composite film wound dressings 370:414 This study aimed to formulate and characterize simvastatin in alginate-based composite film wound dressings. 26686133 8 8 theme potential 1213:1221 arg1 film 1157:1160 alginate/pectin composite film 1131:1160 alginate/pectin composite film 1131:1160 In summary, alginate/pectin composite film is suitable to be formulated with simvastatin as a potential wound dressing. 26686133 8 8 theme potential 1213:1221 arg1 dressing 1229:1236 a potential wound dressing 1211:1236 a potential wound dressing 1211:1236 In summary, alginate/pectin composite film is suitable to be formulated with simvastatin as a potential wound dressing. 26686133 1 9 theme lymphangiogenesis 289:305 arg1 augmentation 256:267 augmentation 256:267 augmentation of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis 256:305 Previously, studies have demonstrated that topical application of simvastatin can promote wound healing in diabetic mice via augmentation of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. 26686133 5 10 theme cytotoxicity 768:779 arg1 profile 781:787 the cytotoxicity profile 764:787 the cytotoxicity profile 764:787 Then, in vitro drug releases from the films were investigated and, finally, the cell viability assay was performed to assess the cytotoxicity profile. 26686133 7 11 theme controlled 1025:1034 arg1 profile 1049:1055 a controlled release drug profile 1023:1055 a controlled release drug profile 1023:1055 The in vitro drug release profile revealed that alginate/pectin film produced a controlled release drug profile, and cell viability assay showed that the film was non-toxic. 26686133 7 12 theme drug 958:961 arg1 profile 971:977 The in vitro drug release profile 945:977 The in vitro drug release profile 945:977 The in vitro drug release profile revealed that alginate/pectin film produced a controlled release drug profile, and cell viability assay showed that the film was non-toxic. 26686133 0 13 theme wound 115:119 arg1 dressing 121:128 a potential wound dressing 103:128 a potential wound dressing 103:128 Development and physicochemical characterization of alginate composite film loaded with simvastatin as a potential wound dressing. 26686133 6 14 theme composite 840:848 arg1 film 850:853 alginate/pectin composite film 824:853 alginate/pectin composite film 824:853 From the pre-formulation studies, alginate/pectin composite film showed to possess desirable wound dressing properties and superior mechanical properties. 26686133 8 15 from suitable 1165:1172 arg1 summary 1122:1128 summary 1122:1128 summary 1122:1128 In summary, alginate/pectin composite film is suitable to be formulated with simvastatin as a potential wound dressing. 26686133 6 16 theme alginate/pectin 824:838 arg1 film 850:853 alginate/pectin composite film 824:853 alginate/pectin composite film 824:853 From the pre-formulation studies, alginate/pectin composite film showed to possess desirable wound dressing properties and superior mechanical properties. 26686133 1 17 theme simvastatin 197:207 arg1 application 182:192 topical application 174:192 topical application of simvastatin 174:207 Previously, studies have demonstrated that topical application of simvastatin can promote wound healing in diabetic mice via augmentation of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. 26686133 3 18 theme composite 438:446 arg1 films 448:452 composite films 438:452 composite films 438:452 Biopolymers used for composite films were sodium alginate blended with pectin or gelatin. 26686133 4 19 theme mechanical 605:614 arg1 strength 616:623 mechanical strength 605:623 mechanical strength 605:623 The films were prepared and characterized based on their physical properties, surface morphology, mechanical strength and rheology. 26686133 7 20 dep in 949:950 arg1 vitro 952:956 vitro 952:956 vitro 952:956 The in vitro drug release profile revealed that alginate/pectin film produced a controlled release drug profile, and cell viability assay showed that the film was non-toxic. 26686133 8 21 theme composite 1147:1155 arg1 film 1157:1160 alginate/pectin composite film 1131:1160 alginate/pectin composite film 1131:1160 In summary, alginate/pectin composite film is suitable to be formulated with simvastatin as a potential wound dressing. 26686133 8 21 theme composite 1147:1155 arg1 dressing 1229:1236 a potential wound dressing 1211:1236 a potential wound dressing 1211:1236 In summary, alginate/pectin composite film is suitable to be formulated with simvastatin as a potential wound dressing. 26686133 7 22 theme alginate/pectin 993:1007 arg1 film 1009:1012 alginate/pectin film 993:1012 alginate/pectin film 993:1012 The in vitro drug release profile revealed that alginate/pectin film produced a controlled release drug profile, and cell viability assay showed that the film was non-toxic. 26686133 7 23 theme release 1036:1042 arg1 profile 1049:1055 a controlled release drug profile 1023:1055 a controlled release drug profile 1023:1055 The in vitro drug release profile revealed that alginate/pectin film produced a controlled release drug profile, and cell viability assay showed that the film was non-toxic. 26686133 0 24 theme physicochemical 16:30 arg1 characterization 32:47 physicochemical characterization 16:47 physicochemical characterization 16:47 Development and physicochemical characterization of alginate composite film loaded with simvastatin as a potential wound dressing. 26686133 8 25 theme alginate/pectin 1131:1145 arg1 film 1157:1160 alginate/pectin composite film 1131:1160 alginate/pectin composite film 1131:1160 In summary, alginate/pectin composite film is suitable to be formulated with simvastatin as a potential wound dressing. 26686133 8 25 theme alginate/pectin 1131:1145 arg1 dressing 1229:1236 a potential wound dressing 1211:1236 a potential wound dressing 1211:1236 In summary, alginate/pectin composite film is suitable to be formulated with simvastatin as a potential wound dressing. 26686133 2 26 theme film 395:398 arg1 dressings 406:414 alginate-based composite film wound dressings 370:414 alginate-based composite film wound dressings 370:414 This study aimed to formulate and characterize simvastatin in alginate-based composite film wound dressings. 26686133 1 27 theme wound 221:225 arg1 healing 227:233 wound healing 221:233 wound healing 221:233 Previously, studies have demonstrated that topical application of simvastatin can promote wound healing in diabetic mice via augmentation of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. 26686133 0 28 theme alginate 52:59 arg1 film 71:74 alginate composite film 52:74 alginate composite film 52:74 Development and physicochemical characterization of alginate composite film loaded with simvastatin as a potential wound dressing. 26686133 6 29 theme mechanical 922:931 arg1 properties 933:942 superior mechanical properties 913:942 superior mechanical properties 913:942 From the pre-formulation studies, alginate/pectin composite film showed to possess desirable wound dressing properties and superior mechanical properties. 26686133 6 30 theme superior 913:920 arg1 properties 933:942 superior mechanical properties 913:942 superior mechanical properties 913:942 From the pre-formulation studies, alginate/pectin composite film showed to possess desirable wound dressing properties and superior mechanical properties. 26686133 6 31 theme pre-formulation 799:813 arg1 studies 815:821 the pre-formulation studies 795:821 the pre-formulation studies 795:821 From the pre-formulation studies, alginate/pectin composite film showed to possess desirable wound dressing properties and superior mechanical properties. 26686133 0 32 theme film 71:74 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development and physicochemical characterization of alginate composite film loaded with simvastatin as a potential wound dressing. 26686133 0 32 theme film 71:74 arg1 characterization 32:47 physicochemical characterization 16:47 physicochemical characterization 16:47 Development and physicochemical characterization of alginate composite film loaded with simvastatin as a potential wound dressing. 26686133 8 33 theme wound 1223:1227 arg1 film 1157:1160 alginate/pectin composite film 1131:1160 alginate/pectin composite film 1131:1160 In summary, alginate/pectin composite film is suitable to be formulated with simvastatin as a potential wound dressing. 26686133 8 33 theme wound 1223:1227 arg1 dressing 1229:1236 a potential wound dressing 1211:1236 a potential wound dressing 1211:1236 In summary, alginate/pectin composite film is suitable to be formulated with simvastatin as a potential wound dressing. 26686133 3 34 with blended 475:481 arg1 pectin 488:493 pectin 488:493 pectin 488:493 Biopolymers used for composite films were sodium alginate blended with pectin or gelatin. 26686133 3 34 with blended 475:481 arg1 gelatin 498:504 gelatin 498:504 gelatin 498:504 Biopolymers used for composite films were sodium alginate blended with pectin or gelatin. 26686133 2 35 theme composite 385:393 arg1 dressings 406:414 alginate-based composite film wound dressings 370:414 alginate-based composite film wound dressings 370:414 This study aimed to formulate and characterize simvastatin in alginate-based composite film wound dressings. 26686133 0 36 theme composite 61:69 arg1 film 71:74 alginate composite film 52:74 alginate composite film 52:74 Development and physicochemical characterization of alginate composite film loaded with simvastatin as a potential wound dressing. 26686133 7 37 theme viability 1067:1075 arg1 assay 1077:1081 cell viability assay 1062:1081 cell viability assay 1062:1081 The in vitro drug release profile revealed that alginate/pectin film produced a controlled release drug profile, and cell viability assay showed that the film was non-toxic. 26686133 2 38 theme alginate-based 370:383 arg1 dressings 406:414 alginate-based composite film wound dressings 370:414 alginate-based composite film wound dressings 370:414 This study aimed to formulate and characterize simvastatin in alginate-based composite film wound dressings. 26686133 4 39 theme surface 585:591 arg1 morphology 593:602 surface morphology 585:602 surface morphology 585:602 The films were prepared and characterized based on their physical properties, surface morphology, mechanical strength and rheology. 26686133 5 40 theme cell 719:722 arg1 assay 734:738 the cell viability assay 715:738 the cell viability assay 715:738 Then, in vitro drug releases from the films were investigated and, finally, the cell viability assay was performed to assess the cytotoxicity profile. 26686133 6 41 theme dressing 889:896 arg1 properties 898:907 desirable wound dressing properties 873:907 desirable wound dressing properties 873:907 From the pre-formulation studies, alginate/pectin composite film showed to possess desirable wound dressing properties and superior mechanical properties. 26686133 7 42 theme drug 1044:1047 arg1 profile 1049:1055 a controlled release drug profile 1023:1055 a controlled release drug profile 1023:1055 The in vitro drug release profile revealed that alginate/pectin film produced a controlled release drug profile, and cell viability assay showed that the film was non-toxic. 26686133 1 43 theme diabetic 238:245 arg1 mice 247:250 diabetic mice 238:250 diabetic mice 238:250 Previously, studies have demonstrated that topical application of simvastatin can promote wound healing in diabetic mice via augmentation of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. 26686133 5 44 theme viability 724:732 arg1 assay 734:738 the cell viability assay 715:738 the cell viability assay 715:738 Then, in vitro drug releases from the films were investigated and, finally, the cell viability assay was performed to assess the cytotoxicity profile. 26686133 6 45 theme wound 883:887 arg1 properties 898:907 desirable wound dressing properties 873:907 desirable wound dressing properties 873:907 From the pre-formulation studies, alginate/pectin composite film showed to possess desirable wound dressing properties and superior mechanical properties. 26686133 5 46 dep in 645:646 arg1 vitro 648:652 vitro 648:652 vitro 648:652 Then, in vitro drug releases from the films were investigated and, finally, the cell viability assay was performed to assess the cytotoxicity profile. 26686133 6 47 theme desirable 873:881 arg1 properties 898:907 desirable wound dressing properties 873:907 desirable wound dressing properties 873:907 From the pre-formulation studies, alginate/pectin composite film showed to possess desirable wound dressing properties and superior mechanical properties. 26686133 7 48 theme cell 1062:1065 arg1 assay 1077:1081 cell viability assay 1062:1081 cell viability assay 1062:1081 The in vitro drug release profile revealed that alginate/pectin film produced a controlled release drug profile, and cell viability assay showed that the film was non-toxic. 26686133 7 49 theme release 963:969 arg1 profile 971:977 The in vitro drug release profile 945:977 The in vitro drug release profile 945:977 The in vitro drug release profile revealed that alginate/pectin film produced a controlled release drug profile, and cell viability assay showed that the film was non-toxic. 26686133 7 50 theme in 949:950 arg1 profile 971:977 The in vitro drug release profile 945:977 The in vitro drug release profile 945:977 The in vitro drug release profile revealed that alginate/pectin film produced a controlled release drug profile, and cell viability assay showed that the film was non-toxic. 26686133 8 51 from summary 1122:1128 arg1 suitable 1165:1172 suitable 1165:1172 suitable 1165:1172 In summary, alginate/pectin composite film is suitable to be formulated with simvastatin as a potential wound dressing. 28866160 2 0 theme infrared 611:618 arg1 FTIR 634:637 FTIR 634:637 FTIR 634:637 The effect of diatomite loading on the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties, wettability and in vitro cytotoxicity and cell proliferation on of composite membranes were investigated and observed by tensile test, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), protein adsorption assay, air/water contact angle analysis and WST-1 respectively. 28866160 2 0 theme infrared 611:618 arg1 spectroscopy 620:631 infrared spectroscopy 611:631 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 611:638 The effect of diatomite loading on the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties, wettability and in vitro cytotoxicity and cell proliferation on of composite membranes were investigated and observed by tensile test, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), protein adsorption assay, air/water contact angle analysis and WST-1 respectively. 28866160 7 1 theme activity 1247:1254 arg1 results 1256:1262 in vitro cell proliferation and ALP activity results 1211:1262 in vitro cell proliferation and ALP activity results 1211:1262 Besides, in vitro cell proliferation and ALP activity results showed that diatom incorporation significantly increased the ALP activity of Saos-2 cells cultured on chitosan membranes. 28866160 4 2 theme chitosan 895:902 arg1 matrix 904:909 the chitosan matrix 891:909 the chitosan matrix 891:909 Results showed that incorporation of diatomite to the chitosan matrix increased the surface roughness, swelling capacity and tensile modulus of membranes. 28866160 1 3 theme possible 282:289 arg1 regeneration 296:307 possible bone regeneration 282:307 possible bone regeneration membrane 282:316 In this study, natural silica source, diatomite, incorporated novel chitosan based composite membranes were fabricated and characterized for bone tissue engineering applications as possible bone regeneration membrane. 28866160 6 4 theme extraction 1183:1192 arg1 method 1194:1199 indirect extraction method 1174:1199 indirect extraction method 1174:1199 High cell viability results were obtained with indirect extraction method. 28866160 1 5 theme composite 184:192 arg1 membranes 194:202 based composite membranes 178:202 based composite membranes 178:202 In this study, natural silica source, diatomite, incorporated novel chitosan based composite membranes were fabricated and characterized for bone tissue engineering applications as possible bone regeneration membrane. 28866160 2 6 theme force 569:573 arg1 test 556:559 tensile test 548:559 tensile test 548:559 The effect of diatomite loading on the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties, wettability and in vitro cytotoxicity and cell proliferation on of composite membranes were investigated and observed by tensile test, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), protein adsorption assay, air/water contact angle analysis and WST-1 respectively. 28866160 2 6 theme force 569:573 arg1 AFM 587:589 AFM 587:589 AFM 587:589 The effect of diatomite loading on the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties, wettability and in vitro cytotoxicity and cell proliferation on of composite membranes were investigated and observed by tensile test, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), protein adsorption assay, air/water contact angle analysis and WST-1 respectively. 28866160 2 6 theme force 569:573 arg1 microscopy 575:584 atomic force microscopy 562:584 atomic force microscopy (AFM) 562:590 The effect of diatomite loading on the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties, wettability and in vitro cytotoxicity and cell proliferation on of composite membranes were investigated and observed by tensile test, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), protein adsorption assay, air/water contact angle analysis and WST-1 respectively. 28866160 5 7 theme % 1061:1061 arg1 diatomite 1063:1071 10wt% diatomite 1057:1071 10wt% diatomite composite membranes compared with chitosan membranes 1057:1124 An increase of about 52% in Young's modulus was achieved for 10wt% diatomite composite membranes compared with chitosan membranes. 28866160 5 8 theme composite 1073:1081 arg1 membranes 1083:1091 10wt% diatomite composite membranes 1057:1091 10wt% diatomite composite membranes compared with chitosan membranes 1057:1124 An increase of about 52% in Young's modulus was achieved for 10wt% diatomite composite membranes compared with chitosan membranes. 28866160 3 9 theme Swelling 760:767 arg1 studies 769:775 Swelling studies 760:775 Swelling studies 760:775 Swelling studies were also performed by water absorption capacity determination. 28866160 1 10 theme natural 116:122 arg1 membrane 309:316 possible bone regeneration membrane 282:316 possible bone regeneration membrane 282:316 In this study, natural silica source, diatomite, incorporated novel chitosan based composite membranes were fabricated and characterized for bone tissue engineering applications as possible bone regeneration membrane. 28866160 1 10 theme natural 116:122 arg1 diatomite 139:147 diatomite 139:147 diatomite 139:147 In this study, natural silica source, diatomite, incorporated novel chitosan based composite membranes were fabricated and characterized for bone tissue engineering applications as possible bone regeneration membrane. 28866160 1 10 theme natural 116:122 arg1 source 131:136 natural silica source 116:136 natural silica source 116:136 In this study, natural silica source, diatomite, incorporated novel chitosan based composite membranes were fabricated and characterized for bone tissue engineering applications as possible bone regeneration membrane. 28866160 1 10 theme natural 116:122 arg1 chitosan 169:176 incorporated novel chitosan 150:176 incorporated novel chitosan 150:176 In this study, natural silica source, diatomite, incorporated novel chitosan based composite membranes were fabricated and characterized for bone tissue engineering applications as possible bone regeneration membrane. 28866160 4 11 theme surface 925:931 arg1 roughness 933:941 the surface roughness 921:941 the surface roughness 921:941 Results showed that incorporation of diatomite to the chitosan matrix increased the surface roughness, swelling capacity and tensile modulus of membranes. 28866160 8 12 theme potential 1493:1501 arg1 candidate 1503:1511 a potential candidate 1491:1511 a potential candidate as a scaffold in view of its enhanced physical & chemical properties as well as biological activities for bone tissue engineering applications 1491:1654 The novel composite membranes prepared in the present study with tunable properties can be considered as a potential candidate as a scaffold in view of its enhanced physical & chemical properties as well as biological activities for bone tissue engineering applications. 28866160 8 12 theme potential 1493:1501 arg1 membranes 1406:1414 The novel composite membranes 1386:1414 The novel composite membranes prepared in the present study with tunable properties 1386:1468 The novel composite membranes prepared in the present study with tunable properties can be considered as a potential candidate as a scaffold in view of its enhanced physical & chemical properties as well as biological activities for bone tissue engineering applications. 28866160 2 13 theme protein 677:683 arg1 assay 696:700 protein adsorption assay 677:700 protein adsorption assay 677:700 The effect of diatomite loading on the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties, wettability and in vitro cytotoxicity and cell proliferation on of composite membranes were investigated and observed by tensile test, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), protein adsorption assay, air/water contact angle analysis and WST-1 respectively. 28866160 3 14 theme water 800:804 arg1 determination 826:838 water absorption capacity determination 800:838 water absorption capacity determination 800:838 Swelling studies were also performed by water absorption capacity determination. 28866160 7 15 theme chitosan 1366:1373 arg1 membranes 1375:1383 chitosan membranes 1366:1383 chitosan membranes 1366:1383 Besides, in vitro cell proliferation and ALP activity results showed that diatom incorporation significantly increased the ALP activity of Saos-2 cells cultured on chitosan membranes. 28866160 2 16 theme angle 721:725 arg1 analysis 727:734 air/water contact angle analysis 703:734 air/water contact angle analysis 703:734 The effect of diatomite loading on the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties, wettability and in vitro cytotoxicity and cell proliferation on of composite membranes were investigated and observed by tensile test, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), protein adsorption assay, air/water contact angle analysis and WST-1 respectively. 28866160 7 17 theme ALP 1243:1245 arg1 activity 1247:1254 ALP activity 1243:1254 ALP activity 1243:1254 Besides, in vitro cell proliferation and ALP activity results showed that diatom incorporation significantly increased the ALP activity of Saos-2 cells cultured on chitosan membranes. 28866160 8 18 from scaffold 1518:1525 arg1 view 1530:1533 view 1530:1533 view of its enhanced physical & chemical properties as well as biological activities for bone tissue engineering applications 1530:1654 The novel composite membranes prepared in the present study with tunable properties can be considered as a potential candidate as a scaffold in view of its enhanced physical & chemical properties as well as biological activities for bone tissue engineering applications. 28866160 2 19 from effect 323:328 arg1 cytotoxicity 452:463 in vitro cytotoxicity 443:463 in vitro cytotoxicity 443:463 The effect of diatomite loading on the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties, wettability and in vitro cytotoxicity and cell proliferation on of composite membranes were investigated and observed by tensile test, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), protein adsorption assay, air/water contact angle analysis and WST-1 respectively. 28866160 2 19 from effect 323:328 arg1 wettability 427:437 wettability 427:437 wettability 427:437 The effect of diatomite loading on the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties, wettability and in vitro cytotoxicity and cell proliferation on of composite membranes were investigated and observed by tensile test, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), protein adsorption assay, air/water contact angle analysis and WST-1 respectively. 28866160 2 19 from effect 323:328 arg1 properties 415:424 the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties 354:424 the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties 354:424 The effect of diatomite loading on the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties, wettability and in vitro cytotoxicity and cell proliferation on of composite membranes were investigated and observed by tensile test, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), protein adsorption assay, air/water contact angle analysis and WST-1 respectively. 28866160 2 20 theme membranes 504:512 arg1 cytotoxicity 452:463 in vitro cytotoxicity 443:463 in vitro cytotoxicity 443:463 The effect of diatomite loading on the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties, wettability and in vitro cytotoxicity and cell proliferation on of composite membranes were investigated and observed by tensile test, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), protein adsorption assay, air/water contact angle analysis and WST-1 respectively. 28866160 2 20 theme membranes 504:512 arg1 proliferation 474:486 cell proliferation 469:486 cell proliferation 469:486 The effect of diatomite loading on the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties, wettability and in vitro cytotoxicity and cell proliferation on of composite membranes were investigated and observed by tensile test, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), protein adsorption assay, air/water contact angle analysis and WST-1 respectively. 28866160 2 20 theme membranes 504:512 arg1 wettability 427:437 wettability 427:437 wettability 427:437 The effect of diatomite loading on the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties, wettability and in vitro cytotoxicity and cell proliferation on of composite membranes were investigated and observed by tensile test, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), protein adsorption assay, air/water contact angle analysis and WST-1 respectively. 28866160 2 20 theme membranes 504:512 arg1 properties 415:424 the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties 354:424 the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties 354:424 The effect of diatomite loading on the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties, wettability and in vitro cytotoxicity and cell proliferation on of composite membranes were investigated and observed by tensile test, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), protein adsorption assay, air/water contact angle analysis and WST-1 respectively. 28866160 2 21 theme air/water 703:711 arg1 analysis 727:734 air/water contact angle analysis 703:734 air/water contact angle analysis 703:734 The effect of diatomite loading on the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties, wettability and in vitro cytotoxicity and cell proliferation on of composite membranes were investigated and observed by tensile test, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), protein adsorption assay, air/water contact angle analysis and WST-1 respectively. 28866160 0 22 theme bone 82:85 arg1 regeneration 87:98 guided bone regeneration 75:98 guided bone regeneration 75:98 Diatomite reinforced chitosan composite membrane as potential scaffold for guided bone regeneration. 28866160 1 23 theme incorporated 150:161 arg1 source 131:136 natural silica source 116:136 natural silica source 116:136 In this study, natural silica source, diatomite, incorporated novel chitosan based composite membranes were fabricated and characterized for bone tissue engineering applications as possible bone regeneration membrane. 28866160 1 23 theme incorporated 150:161 arg1 chitosan 169:176 incorporated novel chitosan 150:176 incorporated novel chitosan 150:176 In this study, natural silica source, diatomite, incorporated novel chitosan based composite membranes were fabricated and characterized for bone tissue engineering applications as possible bone regeneration membrane. 28866160 2 24 theme tensile 548:554 arg1 test 556:559 tensile test 548:559 tensile test 548:559 The effect of diatomite loading on the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties, wettability and in vitro cytotoxicity and cell proliferation on of composite membranes were investigated and observed by tensile test, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), protein adsorption assay, air/water contact angle analysis and WST-1 respectively. 28866160 2 24 theme tensile 548:554 arg1 microscopy 575:584 atomic force microscopy 562:584 atomic force microscopy (AFM) 562:590 The effect of diatomite loading on the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties, wettability and in vitro cytotoxicity and cell proliferation on of composite membranes were investigated and observed by tensile test, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), protein adsorption assay, air/water contact angle analysis and WST-1 respectively. 28866160 2 25 theme gravimetric 649:659 arg1 TGA 671:673 TGA 671:673 TGA 671:673 The effect of diatomite loading on the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties, wettability and in vitro cytotoxicity and cell proliferation on of composite membranes were investigated and observed by tensile test, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), protein adsorption assay, air/water contact angle analysis and WST-1 respectively. 28866160 2 25 theme gravimetric 649:659 arg1 analysis 661:668 thermal gravimetric analysis 641:668 thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) 641:674 The effect of diatomite loading on the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties, wettability and in vitro cytotoxicity and cell proliferation on of composite membranes were investigated and observed by tensile test, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), protein adsorption assay, air/water contact angle analysis and WST-1 respectively. 28866160 3 26 theme capacity 817:824 arg1 determination 826:838 water absorption capacity determination 800:838 water absorption capacity determination 800:838 Swelling studies were also performed by water absorption capacity determination. 28866160 2 27 theme surface 407:413 arg1 properties 415:424 the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties 354:424 the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties 354:424 The effect of diatomite loading on the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties, wettability and in vitro cytotoxicity and cell proliferation on of composite membranes were investigated and observed by tensile test, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), protein adsorption assay, air/water contact angle analysis and WST-1 respectively. 28866160 5 28 theme chitosan 1107:1114 arg1 membranes 1116:1124 chitosan membranes 1107:1124 chitosan membranes 1107:1124 An increase of about 52% in Young's modulus was achieved for 10wt% diatomite composite membranes compared with chitosan membranes. 28866160 2 29 dep in 443:444 arg1 vitro 446:450 vitro 446:450 vitro 446:450 The effect of diatomite loading on the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties, wettability and in vitro cytotoxicity and cell proliferation on of composite membranes were investigated and observed by tensile test, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), protein adsorption assay, air/water contact angle analysis and WST-1 respectively. 28866160 3 30 theme absorption 806:815 arg1 determination 826:838 water absorption capacity determination 800:838 water absorption capacity determination 800:838 Swelling studies were also performed by water absorption capacity determination. 28866160 8 31 theme physical 1551:1558 arg1 properties 1571:1580 physical & chemical properties 1551:1580 its enhanced physical & chemical properties as well as biological activities for bone tissue engineering applications 1538:1654 The novel composite membranes prepared in the present study with tunable properties can be considered as a potential candidate as a scaffold in view of its enhanced physical & chemical properties as well as biological activities for bone tissue engineering applications. 28866160 8 32 theme composite 1396:1404 arg1 candidate 1503:1511 a potential candidate 1491:1511 a potential candidate as a scaffold in view of its enhanced physical & chemical properties as well as biological activities for bone tissue engineering applications 1491:1654 The novel composite membranes prepared in the present study with tunable properties can be considered as a potential candidate as a scaffold in view of its enhanced physical & chemical properties as well as biological activities for bone tissue engineering applications. 28866160 8 32 theme composite 1396:1404 arg1 membranes 1406:1414 The novel composite membranes 1386:1414 The novel composite membranes prepared in the present study with tunable properties 1386:1468 The novel composite membranes prepared in the present study with tunable properties can be considered as a potential candidate as a scaffold in view of its enhanced physical & chemical properties as well as biological activities for bone tissue engineering applications. 28866160 2 33 theme thermal 395:401 arg1 properties 415:424 the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties 354:424 the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties 354:424 The effect of diatomite loading on the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties, wettability and in vitro cytotoxicity and cell proliferation on of composite membranes were investigated and observed by tensile test, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), protein adsorption assay, air/water contact angle analysis and WST-1 respectively. 28866160 1 34 theme bone 291:294 arg1 regeneration 296:307 possible bone regeneration 282:307 possible bone regeneration membrane 282:316 In this study, natural silica source, diatomite, incorporated novel chitosan based composite membranes were fabricated and characterized for bone tissue engineering applications as possible bone regeneration membrane. 28866160 7 35 theme cells 1348:1352 arg1 activity 1329:1336 the ALP activity 1321:1336 the ALP activity of Saos-2 cells cultured on chitosan membranes 1321:1383 Besides, in vitro cell proliferation and ALP activity results showed that diatom incorporation significantly increased the ALP activity of Saos-2 cells cultured on chitosan membranes. 28866160 8 36 theme chemical 1562:1569 arg1 properties 1571:1580 physical & chemical properties 1551:1580 its enhanced physical & chemical properties as well as biological activities for bone tissue engineering applications 1538:1654 The novel composite membranes prepared in the present study with tunable properties can be considered as a potential candidate as a scaffold in view of its enhanced physical & chemical properties as well as biological activities for bone tissue engineering applications. 28866160 0 37 theme chitosan 21:28 arg1 membrane 40:47 chitosan composite membrane 21:47 chitosan composite membrane 21:47 Diatomite reinforced chitosan composite membrane as potential scaffold for guided bone regeneration. 28866160 5 38 theme Young 1024:1028 arg1 modulus 1032:1038 Young's modulus 1024:1038 Young's modulus 1024:1038 An increase of about 52% in Young's modulus was achieved for 10wt% diatomite composite membranes compared with chitosan membranes. 28866160 7 39 theme ALP 1325:1327 arg1 activity 1329:1336 the ALP activity 1321:1336 the ALP activity of Saos-2 cells cultured on chitosan membranes 1321:1383 Besides, in vitro cell proliferation and ALP activity results showed that diatom incorporation significantly increased the ALP activity of Saos-2 cells cultured on chitosan membranes. 28866160 2 40 theme mechanical 358:367 arg1 properties 415:424 the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties 354:424 the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties 354:424 The effect of diatomite loading on the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties, wettability and in vitro cytotoxicity and cell proliferation on of composite membranes were investigated and observed by tensile test, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), protein adsorption assay, air/water contact angle analysis and WST-1 respectively. 28866160 0 41 theme potential 52:60 arg1 scaffold 62:69 potential scaffold 52:69 potential scaffold for guided bone regeneration 52:98 Diatomite reinforced chitosan composite membrane as potential scaffold for guided bone regeneration. 28866160 6 42 theme cell 1132:1135 arg1 results 1147:1153 High cell viability results 1127:1153 High cell viability results 1127:1153 High cell viability results were obtained with indirect extraction method. 28866160 8 43 theme activities 1604:1613 arg1 view 1530:1533 view 1530:1533 view of its enhanced physical & chemical properties as well as biological activities for bone tissue engineering applications 1530:1654 The novel composite membranes prepared in the present study with tunable properties can be considered as a potential candidate as a scaffold in view of its enhanced physical & chemical properties as well as biological activities for bone tissue engineering applications. 28866160 7 44 dep in 1211:1212 arg1 vitro 1214:1218 vitro 1214:1218 vitro 1214:1218 Besides, in vitro cell proliferation and ALP activity results showed that diatom incorporation significantly increased the ALP activity of Saos-2 cells cultured on chitosan membranes. 28866160 8 45 theme tunable 1451:1457 arg1 properties 1459:1468 tunable properties 1451:1468 tunable properties 1451:1468 The novel composite membranes prepared in the present study with tunable properties can be considered as a potential candidate as a scaffold in view of its enhanced physical & chemical properties as well as biological activities for bone tissue engineering applications. 28866160 8 46 theme bone 1619:1622 arg1 applications 1643:1654 bone tissue engineering applications 1619:1654 bone tissue engineering applications 1619:1654 The novel composite membranes prepared in the present study with tunable properties can be considered as a potential candidate as a scaffold in view of its enhanced physical & chemical properties as well as biological activities for bone tissue engineering applications. 28866160 2 47 theme chemical 385:392 arg1 properties 415:424 the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties 354:424 the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties 354:424 The effect of diatomite loading on the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties, wettability and in vitro cytotoxicity and cell proliferation on of composite membranes were investigated and observed by tensile test, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), protein adsorption assay, air/water contact angle analysis and WST-1 respectively. 28866160 1 48 theme bone 242:245 arg1 applications 266:277 bone tissue engineering applications 242:277 bone tissue engineering applications 242:277 In this study, natural silica source, diatomite, incorporated novel chitosan based composite membranes were fabricated and characterized for bone tissue engineering applications as possible bone regeneration membrane. 28866160 5 49 theme % 1019:1019 arg1 increase 999:1006 An increase 996:1006 An increase of about 52% in Young's modulus 996:1038 An increase of about 52% in Young's modulus was achieved for 10wt% diatomite composite membranes compared with chitosan membranes. 28866160 8 50 theme engineering 1631:1641 arg1 applications 1643:1654 bone tissue engineering applications 1619:1654 bone tissue engineering applications 1619:1654 The novel composite membranes prepared in the present study with tunable properties can be considered as a potential candidate as a scaffold in view of its enhanced physical & chemical properties as well as biological activities for bone tissue engineering applications. 28866160 2 51 theme morphological 370:382 arg1 properties 415:424 the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties 354:424 the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties 354:424 The effect of diatomite loading on the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties, wettability and in vitro cytotoxicity and cell proliferation on of composite membranes were investigated and observed by tensile test, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), protein adsorption assay, air/water contact angle analysis and WST-1 respectively. 28866160 1 52 theme engineering 254:264 arg1 applications 266:277 bone tissue engineering applications 242:277 bone tissue engineering applications 242:277 In this study, natural silica source, diatomite, incorporated novel chitosan based composite membranes were fabricated and characterized for bone tissue engineering applications as possible bone regeneration membrane. 28866160 4 53 theme diatomite 878:886 arg1 incorporation 861:873 incorporation 861:873 incorporation of diatomite to the chitosan matrix 861:909 Results showed that incorporation of diatomite to the chitosan matrix increased the surface roughness, swelling capacity and tensile modulus of membranes. 28866160 1 54 theme novel 163:167 arg1 source 131:136 natural silica source 116:136 natural silica source 116:136 In this study, natural silica source, diatomite, incorporated novel chitosan based composite membranes were fabricated and characterized for bone tissue engineering applications as possible bone regeneration membrane. 28866160 1 54 theme novel 163:167 arg1 chitosan 169:176 incorporated novel chitosan 150:176 incorporated novel chitosan 150:176 In this study, natural silica source, diatomite, incorporated novel chitosan based composite membranes were fabricated and characterized for bone tissue engineering applications as possible bone regeneration membrane. 28866160 6 55 theme indirect 1174:1181 arg1 method 1194:1199 indirect extraction method 1174:1199 indirect extraction method 1174:1199 High cell viability results were obtained with indirect extraction method. 28866160 7 56 theme proliferation 1225:1237 arg1 results 1256:1262 in vitro cell proliferation and ALP activity results 1211:1262 in vitro cell proliferation and ALP activity results 1211:1262 Besides, in vitro cell proliferation and ALP activity results showed that diatom incorporation significantly increased the ALP activity of Saos-2 cells cultured on chitosan membranes. 28866160 2 57 theme diatomite 333:341 arg1 loading 343:349 diatomite loading 333:349 diatomite loading 333:349 The effect of diatomite loading on the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties, wettability and in vitro cytotoxicity and cell proliferation on of composite membranes were investigated and observed by tensile test, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), protein adsorption assay, air/water contact angle analysis and WST-1 respectively. 28866160 1 58 theme based 178:182 arg1 membranes 194:202 based composite membranes 178:202 based composite membranes 178:202 In this study, natural silica source, diatomite, incorporated novel chitosan based composite membranes were fabricated and characterized for bone tissue engineering applications as possible bone regeneration membrane. 28866160 2 59 theme atomic 562:567 arg1 test 556:559 tensile test 548:559 tensile test 548:559 The effect of diatomite loading on the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties, wettability and in vitro cytotoxicity and cell proliferation on of composite membranes were investigated and observed by tensile test, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), protein adsorption assay, air/water contact angle analysis and WST-1 respectively. 28866160 2 59 theme atomic 562:567 arg1 AFM 587:589 AFM 587:589 AFM 587:589 The effect of diatomite loading on the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties, wettability and in vitro cytotoxicity and cell proliferation on of composite membranes were investigated and observed by tensile test, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), protein adsorption assay, air/water contact angle analysis and WST-1 respectively. 28866160 2 59 theme atomic 562:567 arg1 microscopy 575:584 atomic force microscopy 562:584 atomic force microscopy (AFM) 562:590 The effect of diatomite loading on the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties, wettability and in vitro cytotoxicity and cell proliferation on of composite membranes were investigated and observed by tensile test, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), protein adsorption assay, air/water contact angle analysis and WST-1 respectively. 28866160 5 60 theme diatomite 1063:1071 arg1 membranes 1083:1091 10wt% diatomite composite membranes 1057:1091 10wt% diatomite composite membranes compared with chitosan membranes 1057:1124 An increase of about 52% in Young's modulus was achieved for 10wt% diatomite composite membranes compared with chitosan membranes. 28866160 4 61 theme tensile 966:972 arg1 modulus 974:980 tensile modulus 966:980 tensile modulus 966:980 Results showed that incorporation of diatomite to the chitosan matrix increased the surface roughness, swelling capacity and tensile modulus of membranes. 28866160 2 62 theme adsorption 685:694 arg1 assay 696:700 protein adsorption assay 677:700 protein adsorption assay 677:700 The effect of diatomite loading on the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties, wettability and in vitro cytotoxicity and cell proliferation on of composite membranes were investigated and observed by tensile test, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), protein adsorption assay, air/water contact angle analysis and WST-1 respectively. 28866160 1 63 theme silica 124:129 arg1 membrane 309:316 possible bone regeneration membrane 282:316 possible bone regeneration membrane 282:316 In this study, natural silica source, diatomite, incorporated novel chitosan based composite membranes were fabricated and characterized for bone tissue engineering applications as possible bone regeneration membrane. 28866160 1 63 theme silica 124:129 arg1 diatomite 139:147 diatomite 139:147 diatomite 139:147 In this study, natural silica source, diatomite, incorporated novel chitosan based composite membranes were fabricated and characterized for bone tissue engineering applications as possible bone regeneration membrane. 28866160 1 63 theme silica 124:129 arg1 source 131:136 natural silica source 116:136 natural silica source 116:136 In this study, natural silica source, diatomite, incorporated novel chitosan based composite membranes were fabricated and characterized for bone tissue engineering applications as possible bone regeneration membrane. 28866160 1 63 theme silica 124:129 arg1 chitosan 169:176 incorporated novel chitosan 150:176 incorporated novel chitosan 150:176 In this study, natural silica source, diatomite, incorporated novel chitosan based composite membranes were fabricated and characterized for bone tissue engineering applications as possible bone regeneration membrane. 28866160 6 64 theme High 1127:1130 arg1 results 1147:1153 High cell viability results 1127:1153 High cell viability results 1127:1153 High cell viability results were obtained with indirect extraction method. 28866160 0 65 theme guided 75:80 arg1 regeneration 87:98 guided bone regeneration 75:98 guided bone regeneration 75:98 Diatomite reinforced chitosan composite membrane as potential scaffold for guided bone regeneration. 28866160 5 66 theme 10wt 1057:1060 arg1 diatomite 1063:1071 10wt% diatomite 1057:1071 10wt% diatomite composite membranes compared with chitosan membranes 1057:1124 An increase of about 52% in Young's modulus was achieved for 10wt% diatomite composite membranes compared with chitosan membranes. 28866160 4 67 theme membranes 985:993 arg1 modulus 974:980 tensile modulus 966:980 tensile modulus 966:980 Results showed that incorporation of diatomite to the chitosan matrix increased the surface roughness, swelling capacity and tensile modulus of membranes. 28866160 4 67 theme membranes 985:993 arg1 capacity 953:960 capacity 953:960 capacity 953:960 Results showed that incorporation of diatomite to the chitosan matrix increased the surface roughness, swelling capacity and tensile modulus of membranes. 28866160 2 68 theme contact 713:719 arg1 analysis 727:734 air/water contact angle analysis 703:734 air/water contact angle analysis 703:734 The effect of diatomite loading on the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties, wettability and in vitro cytotoxicity and cell proliferation on of composite membranes were investigated and observed by tensile test, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), protein adsorption assay, air/water contact angle analysis and WST-1 respectively. 28866160 7 69 theme cell 1220:1223 arg1 proliferation 1225:1237 cell proliferation 1220:1237 cell proliferation 1220:1237 Besides, in vitro cell proliferation and ALP activity results showed that diatom incorporation significantly increased the ALP activity of Saos-2 cells cultured on chitosan membranes. 28866160 2 70 theme composite 494:502 arg1 membranes 504:512 composite membranes 494:512 composite membranes 494:512 The effect of diatomite loading on the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties, wettability and in vitro cytotoxicity and cell proliferation on of composite membranes were investigated and observed by tensile test, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), protein adsorption assay, air/water contact angle analysis and WST-1 respectively. 28866160 7 71 theme in 1211:1212 arg1 results 1256:1262 in vitro cell proliferation and ALP activity results 1211:1262 in vitro cell proliferation and ALP activity results 1211:1262 Besides, in vitro cell proliferation and ALP activity results showed that diatom incorporation significantly increased the ALP activity of Saos-2 cells cultured on chitosan membranes. 28866160 8 72 theme enhanced 1542:1549 arg1 properties 1571:1580 physical & chemical properties 1551:1580 its enhanced physical & chemical properties as well as biological activities for bone tissue engineering applications 1538:1654 The novel composite membranes prepared in the present study with tunable properties can be considered as a potential candidate as a scaffold in view of its enhanced physical & chemical properties as well as biological activities for bone tissue engineering applications. 28866160 2 73 theme thermal 641:647 arg1 TGA 671:673 TGA 671:673 TGA 671:673 The effect of diatomite loading on the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties, wettability and in vitro cytotoxicity and cell proliferation on of composite membranes were investigated and observed by tensile test, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), protein adsorption assay, air/water contact angle analysis and WST-1 respectively. 28866160 2 73 theme thermal 641:647 arg1 analysis 661:668 thermal gravimetric analysis 641:668 thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) 641:674 The effect of diatomite loading on the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties, wettability and in vitro cytotoxicity and cell proliferation on of composite membranes were investigated and observed by tensile test, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), protein adsorption assay, air/water contact angle analysis and WST-1 respectively. 28866160 1 74 dep source 131:136 arg1 membranes 194:202 based composite membranes 178:202 based composite membranes 178:202 In this study, natural silica source, diatomite, incorporated novel chitosan based composite membranes were fabricated and characterized for bone tissue engineering applications as possible bone regeneration membrane. 28866160 8 75 theme & 1560:1560 arg1 properties 1571:1580 physical & chemical properties 1551:1580 its enhanced physical & chemical properties as well as biological activities for bone tissue engineering applications 1538:1654 The novel composite membranes prepared in the present study with tunable properties can be considered as a potential candidate as a scaffold in view of its enhanced physical & chemical properties as well as biological activities for bone tissue engineering applications. 28866160 7 76 theme Saos-2 1341:1346 arg1 cells 1348:1352 Saos-2 cells 1341:1352 Saos-2 cells cultured on chitosan membranes 1341:1383 Besides, in vitro cell proliferation and ALP activity results showed that diatom incorporation significantly increased the ALP activity of Saos-2 cells cultured on chitosan membranes. 28866160 8 77 theme properties 1571:1580 arg1 view 1530:1533 view 1530:1533 view of its enhanced physical & chemical properties as well as biological activities for bone tissue engineering applications 1530:1654 The novel composite membranes prepared in the present study with tunable properties can be considered as a potential candidate as a scaffold in view of its enhanced physical & chemical properties as well as biological activities for bone tissue engineering applications. 28866160 8 78 theme novel 1390:1394 arg1 candidate 1503:1511 a potential candidate 1491:1511 a potential candidate as a scaffold in view of its enhanced physical & chemical properties as well as biological activities for bone tissue engineering applications 1491:1654 The novel composite membranes prepared in the present study with tunable properties can be considered as a potential candidate as a scaffold in view of its enhanced physical & chemical properties as well as biological activities for bone tissue engineering applications. 28866160 8 78 theme novel 1390:1394 arg1 membranes 1406:1414 The novel composite membranes 1386:1414 The novel composite membranes prepared in the present study with tunable properties 1386:1468 The novel composite membranes prepared in the present study with tunable properties can be considered as a potential candidate as a scaffold in view of its enhanced physical & chemical properties as well as biological activities for bone tissue engineering applications. 28866160 0 79 theme composite 30:38 arg1 membrane 40:47 chitosan composite membrane 21:47 chitosan composite membrane 21:47 Diatomite reinforced chitosan composite membrane as potential scaffold for guided bone regeneration. 28866160 1 80 theme regeneration 296:307 arg1 membrane 309:316 possible bone regeneration membrane 282:316 possible bone regeneration membrane 282:316 In this study, natural silica source, diatomite, incorporated novel chitosan based composite membranes were fabricated and characterized for bone tissue engineering applications as possible bone regeneration membrane. 28866160 1 80 theme regeneration 296:307 arg1 source 131:136 natural silica source 116:136 natural silica source 116:136 In this study, natural silica source, diatomite, incorporated novel chitosan based composite membranes were fabricated and characterized for bone tissue engineering applications as possible bone regeneration membrane. 28866160 2 81 theme in 443:444 arg1 cytotoxicity 452:463 in vitro cytotoxicity 443:463 in vitro cytotoxicity 443:463 The effect of diatomite loading on the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties, wettability and in vitro cytotoxicity and cell proliferation on of composite membranes were investigated and observed by tensile test, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), protein adsorption assay, air/water contact angle analysis and WST-1 respectively. 28866160 8 82 theme biological 1593:1602 arg1 activities 1604:1613 biological activities 1593:1613 its enhanced physical & chemical properties as well as biological activities for bone tissue engineering applications 1538:1654 The novel composite membranes prepared in the present study with tunable properties can be considered as a potential candidate as a scaffold in view of its enhanced physical & chemical properties as well as biological activities for bone tissue engineering applications. 28866160 6 83 theme viability 1137:1145 arg1 results 1147:1153 High cell viability results 1127:1153 High cell viability results 1127:1153 High cell viability results were obtained with indirect extraction method. 28866160 2 84 theme cell 469:472 arg1 proliferation 474:486 cell proliferation 469:486 cell proliferation 469:486 The effect of diatomite loading on the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties, wettability and in vitro cytotoxicity and cell proliferation on of composite membranes were investigated and observed by tensile test, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), protein adsorption assay, air/water contact angle analysis and WST-1 respectively. 28866160 8 85 theme present 1432:1438 arg1 study 1440:1444 the present study 1428:1444 the present study 1428:1444 The novel composite membranes prepared in the present study with tunable properties can be considered as a potential candidate as a scaffold in view of its enhanced physical & chemical properties as well as biological activities for bone tissue engineering applications. 28866160 7 86 theme diatom 1276:1281 arg1 incorporation 1283:1295 diatom incorporation 1276:1295 diatom incorporation 1276:1295 Besides, in vitro cell proliferation and ALP activity results showed that diatom incorporation significantly increased the ALP activity of Saos-2 cells cultured on chitosan membranes. 28866160 8 87 theme tissue 1624:1629 arg1 applications 1643:1654 bone tissue engineering applications 1619:1654 bone tissue engineering applications 1619:1654 The novel composite membranes prepared in the present study with tunable properties can be considered as a potential candidate as a scaffold in view of its enhanced physical & chemical properties as well as biological activities for bone tissue engineering applications. 28866160 2 88 theme loading 343:349 arg1 effect 323:328 The effect 319:328 The effect of diatomite loading on the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties, wettability and in vitro cytotoxicity and cell proliferation on of composite membranes 319:512 The effect of diatomite loading on the mechanical, morphological, chemical, thermal and surface properties, wettability and in vitro cytotoxicity and cell proliferation on of composite membranes were investigated and observed by tensile test, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), protein adsorption assay, air/water contact angle analysis and WST-1 respectively. 28866160 1 89 theme tissue 247:252 arg1 applications 266:277 bone tissue engineering applications 242:277 bone tissue engineering applications 242:277 In this study, natural silica source, diatomite, incorporated novel chitosan based composite membranes were fabricated and characterized for bone tissue engineering applications as possible bone regeneration membrane. 28372240 1 0 from macerans 414:421 arg1 glucosyltransferase 380:398 cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase 367:398 cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase from Bacillus macerans 367:421 Enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ), oligoglucosyl naringenin-7-(glucose [G]), and oligoglucosyl hesperetin (H)-7-G were produced via oligoglucosylation of quercetin-3-glucose, naringenin-7-G (prunin), and H-7-G, respectively, by cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase from Bacillus macerans. 28372240 8 1 theme aglycones 1086:1094 arg1 Degradation 1061:1071 Degradation 1061:1071 Degradation of flavonoid aglycones by ultraviolet light C irradiation at 254nm 1061:1138 Degradation of flavonoid aglycones by ultraviolet light C irradiation at 254nm was not affected, and their antioxidant activities gradually decreased with the greater extent of oligoglucosylation. 28372240 3 2 theme Water 527:531 arg1 solubility 533:542 Water solubility 527:542 Water solubility of EMIQ, oligoglucosyl prunin, and oligoglucosyl H-7-G 527:597 Water solubility of EMIQ, oligoglucosyl prunin, and oligoglucosyl H-7-G enormously increased in comparison with that of their aglycones. 28372240 5 3 theme oxidative 759:767 arg1 degradation 769:779 oxidative degradation 759:779 oxidative degradation by the Cu2+ ion 759:795 Resistance of the aglycones to oxidative degradation by the Cu2+ ion was strongly increased by the oligoglucosylation. 28372240 1 4 theme H-7-G 343:347 arg1 oligoglucosylation 271:288 oligoglucosylation 271:288 oligoglucosylation of quercetin-3-glucose, naringenin-7-G (prunin), and H-7-G 271:347 Enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ), oligoglucosyl naringenin-7-(glucose [G]), and oligoglucosyl hesperetin (H)-7-G were produced via oligoglucosylation of quercetin-3-glucose, naringenin-7-G (prunin), and H-7-G, respectively, by cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase from Bacillus macerans. 28372240 8 5 theme light 1111:1115 arg1 irradiation 1119:1129 ultraviolet light C irradiation 1099:1129 ultraviolet light C irradiation at 254nm 1099:1138 Degradation of flavonoid aglycones by ultraviolet light C irradiation at 254nm was not affected, and their antioxidant activities gradually decreased with the greater extent of oligoglucosylation. 28372240 3 6 theme oligoglucosyl 553:565 arg1 prunin 567:572 oligoglucosyl prunin 553:572 oligoglucosyl prunin 553:572 Water solubility of EMIQ, oligoglucosyl prunin, and oligoglucosyl H-7-G enormously increased in comparison with that of their aglycones. 28372240 8 7 theme greater 1220:1226 arg1 extent 1228:1233 the greater extent 1216:1233 the greater extent of oligoglucosylation 1216:1255 Degradation of flavonoid aglycones by ultraviolet light C irradiation at 254nm was not affected, and their antioxidant activities gradually decreased with the greater extent of oligoglucosylation. 28372240 8 8 theme ultraviolet 1099:1109 arg1 irradiation 1119:1129 ultraviolet light C irradiation 1099:1129 ultraviolet light C irradiation at 254nm 1099:1138 Degradation of flavonoid aglycones by ultraviolet light C irradiation at 254nm was not affected, and their antioxidant activities gradually decreased with the greater extent of oligoglucosylation. 28372240 3 9 theme prunin 567:572 arg1 solubility 533:542 Water solubility 527:542 Water solubility of EMIQ, oligoglucosyl prunin, and oligoglucosyl H-7-G 527:597 Water solubility of EMIQ, oligoglucosyl prunin, and oligoglucosyl H-7-G enormously increased in comparison with that of their aglycones. 28372240 8 10 theme oligoglucosylation 1238:1255 arg1 extent 1228:1233 the greater extent 1216:1233 the greater extent of oligoglucosylation 1216:1255 Degradation of flavonoid aglycones by ultraviolet light C irradiation at 254nm was not affected, and their antioxidant activities gradually decreased with the greater extent of oligoglucosylation. 28372240 2 11 from oligoglucosylation 451:468 arg1 properties 515:524 physicochemical properties 499:524 physicochemical properties 499:524 The aim was to explore the oligoglucosylation and the resulting changes in physicochemical properties. 28372240 7 12 theme thermal 1011:1017 arg1 treatment 1019:1027 thermal treatment 1011:1027 thermal treatment 1011:1027 Only EMIQ maintained its structure during thermal treatment much longer than quercetin did. 28372240 3 13 theme EMIQ 547:550 arg1 solubility 533:542 Water solubility 527:542 Water solubility of EMIQ, oligoglucosyl prunin, and oligoglucosyl H-7-G 527:597 Water solubility of EMIQ, oligoglucosyl prunin, and oligoglucosyl H-7-G enormously increased in comparison with that of their aglycones. 28372240 4 14 theme aglycone 684:691 arg1 Glycosylation 664:676 Glycosylation 664:676 Glycosylation of an aglycone 664:691 Glycosylation of an aglycone generally enhances its solubility. 28372240 3 15 with comparison 623:632 arg1 that 639:642 that 639:642 that 639:642 Water solubility of EMIQ, oligoglucosyl prunin, and oligoglucosyl H-7-G enormously increased in comparison with that of their aglycones. 28372240 6 16 theme molecule 935:942 arg1 parts 913:917 sensitive parts 903:917 sensitive parts of an aglycones molecule 903:942 This is probably because oligoglucosylation may protect sensitive parts of an aglycones molecule from the Cu2+ oxidation. 28372240 8 17 theme C 1117:1117 arg1 irradiation 1119:1129 ultraviolet light C irradiation 1099:1129 ultraviolet light C irradiation at 254nm 1099:1138 Degradation of flavonoid aglycones by ultraviolet light C irradiation at 254nm was not affected, and their antioxidant activities gradually decreased with the greater extent of oligoglucosylation. 28372240 6 18 theme sensitive 903:911 arg1 parts 913:917 sensitive parts 903:917 sensitive parts of an aglycones molecule 903:942 This is probably because oligoglucosylation may protect sensitive parts of an aglycones molecule from the Cu2+ oxidation. 28372240 6 19 theme aglycones 925:933 arg1 molecule 935:942 an aglycones molecule 922:942 an aglycones molecule 922:942 This is probably because oligoglucosylation may protect sensitive parts of an aglycones molecule from the Cu2+ oxidation. 28372240 4 20 gly Glycosylation 664:676 arg1 aglycone 684:691 an aglycone 681:691 an aglycone 681:691 Glycosylation of an aglycone generally enhances its solubility. 28372240 3 21 theme oligoglucosyl 579:591 arg1 H-7-G 593:597 oligoglucosyl H-7-G 579:597 oligoglucosyl H-7-G 579:597 Water solubility of EMIQ, oligoglucosyl prunin, and oligoglucosyl H-7-G enormously increased in comparison with that of their aglycones. 28372240 1 22 theme glucose 202:208 arg1 [G 210:211 glucose [G 202:211 glucose [G 202:211 Enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ), oligoglucosyl naringenin-7-(glucose [G]), and oligoglucosyl hesperetin (H)-7-G were produced via oligoglucosylation of quercetin-3-glucose, naringenin-7-G (prunin), and H-7-G, respectively, by cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase from Bacillus macerans. 28372240 1 22 theme glucose 202:208 arg1 oligoglucosyl 174:186 oligoglucosyl naringenin-7- 174:200 oligoglucosyl naringenin-7-(glucose [G]) 174:213 Enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ), oligoglucosyl naringenin-7-(glucose [G]), and oligoglucosyl hesperetin (H)-7-G were produced via oligoglucosylation of quercetin-3-glucose, naringenin-7-G (prunin), and H-7-G, respectively, by cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase from Bacillus macerans. 28372240 8 23 theme flavonoid 1076:1084 arg1 aglycones 1086:1094 flavonoid aglycones 1076:1094 flavonoid aglycones 1076:1094 Degradation of flavonoid aglycones by ultraviolet light C irradiation at 254nm was not affected, and their antioxidant activities gradually decreased with the greater extent of oligoglucosylation. 28372240 3 24 theme H-7-G 593:597 arg1 solubility 533:542 Water solubility 527:542 Water solubility of EMIQ, oligoglucosyl prunin, and oligoglucosyl H-7-G 527:597 Water solubility of EMIQ, oligoglucosyl prunin, and oligoglucosyl H-7-G enormously increased in comparison with that of their aglycones. 28372240 0 25 theme flavonol 17:24 arg1 Glucosylation 0:12 Glucosylation 0:12 Glucosylation of flavonol and flavanones by Bacillus cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase to enhance their solubility and stability. 0:127 Glucosylation of flavonol and flavanones by Bacillus cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase to enhance their solubility and stability. 28372240 1 26 theme cyclodextrin 367:378 arg1 glucosyltransferase 380:398 cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase 367:398 cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase from Bacillus macerans 367:421 Enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ), oligoglucosyl naringenin-7-(glucose [G]), and oligoglucosyl hesperetin (H)-7-G were produced via oligoglucosylation of quercetin-3-glucose, naringenin-7-G (prunin), and H-7-G, respectively, by cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase from Bacillus macerans. 28372240 0 27 dep glucosyltransferase 66:84 arg1 enhance 89:95 enhance 89:95 to enhance their solubility and stability 86:126 Glucosylation of flavonol and flavanones by Bacillus cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase to enhance their solubility and stability. 28372240 2 28 theme resulting 478:486 arg1 changes 488:494 the resulting changes 474:494 the resulting changes in physicochemical properties 474:524 The aim was to explore the oligoglucosylation and the resulting changes in physicochemical properties. 28372240 1 29 theme quercetin-3-glucose 293:311 arg1 oligoglucosylation 271:288 oligoglucosylation 271:288 oligoglucosylation of quercetin-3-glucose, naringenin-7-G (prunin), and H-7-G 271:347 Enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ), oligoglucosyl naringenin-7-(glucose [G]), and oligoglucosyl hesperetin (H)-7-G were produced via oligoglucosylation of quercetin-3-glucose, naringenin-7-G (prunin), and H-7-G, respectively, by cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase from Bacillus macerans. 28372240 5 30 theme aglycones 746:754 arg1 Resistance 728:737 Resistance 728:737 Resistance of the aglycones to oxidative degradation by the Cu2+ ion 728:795 Resistance of the aglycones to oxidative degradation by the Cu2+ ion was strongly increased by the oligoglucosylation. 28372240 2 31 from changes 488:494 arg1 properties 515:524 physicochemical properties 499:524 physicochemical properties 499:524 The aim was to explore the oligoglucosylation and the resulting changes in physicochemical properties. 28372240 0 32 theme flavanones 30:39 arg1 Glucosylation 0:12 Glucosylation 0:12 Glucosylation of flavonol and flavanones by Bacillus cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase to enhance their solubility and stability. 0:127 Glucosylation of flavonol and flavanones by Bacillus cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase to enhance their solubility and stability. 28372240 8 33 from 254nm 1134:1138 arg1 irradiation 1119:1129 ultraviolet light C irradiation 1099:1129 ultraviolet light C irradiation at 254nm 1099:1138 Degradation of flavonoid aglycones by ultraviolet light C irradiation at 254nm was not affected, and their antioxidant activities gradually decreased with the greater extent of oligoglucosylation. 28372240 0 34 theme cyclodextrin 53:64 arg1 glucosyltransferase 66:84 Bacillus cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase 44:84 Bacillus cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase to enhance their solubility and stability 44:126 Glucosylation of flavonol and flavanones by Bacillus cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase to enhance their solubility and stability. 28372240 1 35 theme naringenin-7-G 314:327 arg1 oligoglucosylation 271:288 oligoglucosylation 271:288 oligoglucosylation of quercetin-3-glucose, naringenin-7-G (prunin), and H-7-G 271:347 Enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ), oligoglucosyl naringenin-7-(glucose [G]), and oligoglucosyl hesperetin (H)-7-G were produced via oligoglucosylation of quercetin-3-glucose, naringenin-7-G (prunin), and H-7-G, respectively, by cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase from Bacillus macerans. 28372240 1 36 theme Bacillus 405:412 arg1 macerans 414:421 Bacillus macerans 405:421 Bacillus macerans 405:421 Enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ), oligoglucosyl naringenin-7-(glucose [G]), and oligoglucosyl hesperetin (H)-7-G were produced via oligoglucosylation of quercetin-3-glucose, naringenin-7-G (prunin), and H-7-G, respectively, by cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase from Bacillus macerans. 28372240 0 37 theme Bacillus 44:51 arg1 glucosyltransferase 66:84 Bacillus cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase 44:84 Bacillus cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase to enhance their solubility and stability 44:126 Glucosylation of flavonol and flavanones by Bacillus cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase to enhance their solubility and stability. 28372240 1 38 theme modified 143:150 arg1 isoquercitrin 152:164 Enzymatically modified isoquercitrin 129:164 Enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ) 129:171 Enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ), oligoglucosyl naringenin-7-(glucose [G]), and oligoglucosyl hesperetin (H)-7-G were produced via oligoglucosylation of quercetin-3-glucose, naringenin-7-G (prunin), and H-7-G, respectively, by cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase from Bacillus macerans. 28372240 1 38 theme modified 143:150 arg1 EMIQ 167:170 EMIQ 167:170 EMIQ 167:170 Enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ), oligoglucosyl naringenin-7-(glucose [G]), and oligoglucosyl hesperetin (H)-7-G were produced via oligoglucosylation of quercetin-3-glucose, naringenin-7-G (prunin), and H-7-G, respectively, by cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase from Bacillus macerans. 28372240 7 39 theme Only 969:972 arg1 EMIQ 974:977 Only EMIQ 969:977 Only EMIQ 969:977 Only EMIQ maintained its structure during thermal treatment much longer than quercetin did. 28372240 1 40 theme oligoglucosyl 220:232 arg1 -7-G 248:251 oligoglucosyl hesperetin (H)-7-G 220:251 oligoglucosyl hesperetin (H)-7-G 220:251 Enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ), oligoglucosyl naringenin-7-(glucose [G]), and oligoglucosyl hesperetin (H)-7-G were produced via oligoglucosylation of quercetin-3-glucose, naringenin-7-G (prunin), and H-7-G, respectively, by cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase from Bacillus macerans. 28372240 8 41 theme antioxidant 1168:1178 arg1 activities 1180:1189 their antioxidant activities 1162:1189 their antioxidant activities 1162:1189 Degradation of flavonoid aglycones by ultraviolet light C irradiation at 254nm was not affected, and their antioxidant activities gradually decreased with the greater extent of oligoglucosylation. 28372240 1 42 theme hesperetin 234:243 arg1 -7-G 248:251 oligoglucosyl hesperetin (H)-7-G 220:251 oligoglucosyl hesperetin (H)-7-G 220:251 Enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ), oligoglucosyl naringenin-7-(glucose [G]), and oligoglucosyl hesperetin (H)-7-G were produced via oligoglucosylation of quercetin-3-glucose, naringenin-7-G (prunin), and H-7-G, respectively, by cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase from Bacillus macerans. 28372240 5 43 theme Cu2+ 788:791 arg1 ion 793:795 the Cu2+ ion 784:795 the Cu2+ ion 784:795 Resistance of the aglycones to oxidative degradation by the Cu2+ ion was strongly increased by the oligoglucosylation. 28372240 6 44 theme Cu2+ 953:956 arg1 oxidation 958:966 the Cu2+ oxidation 949:966 the Cu2+ oxidation 949:966 This is probably because oligoglucosylation may protect sensitive parts of an aglycones molecule from the Cu2+ oxidation. 28372240 2 45 theme physicochemical 499:513 arg1 properties 515:524 physicochemical properties 499:524 physicochemical properties 499:524 The aim was to explore the oligoglucosylation and the resulting changes in physicochemical properties. 28372240 1 46 theme H 246:246 arg1 -7-G 248:251 oligoglucosyl hesperetin (H)-7-G 220:251 oligoglucosyl hesperetin (H)-7-G 220:251 Enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ), oligoglucosyl naringenin-7-(glucose [G]), and oligoglucosyl hesperetin (H)-7-G were produced via oligoglucosylation of quercetin-3-glucose, naringenin-7-G (prunin), and H-7-G, respectively, by cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase from Bacillus macerans. 28370083 0 0 theme flow-through 91:102 arg1 interface 114:122 a flow-through microvial interface 89:122 a flow-through microvial interface 89:122 Improved sensitivity by post-column chemical environment modification of CE-ESI-MS using a flow-through microvial interface. 28370083 5 1 theme basic 897:901 arg1 modifier 903:910 a basic modifier 895:910 a basic modifier 895:910 Using an acidic modifier, the LOD of Neu5Ac was 47.7 nM, whereas for a basic modifier, the LOD of Neu5Ac was 5.20 nM. 28370083 6 2 theme Neu5Ac 989:994 arg1 100 nM 979:984 100 nM 979:984 100 nM of Neu5Ac 979:994 The calculated asymmetry factor at 100 nM of Neu5Ac ranged from 0.71 to 1.5 when an acidic modifier was used, while the factor ranged from 1.0 to 1.1 when a basic modifier was used. 28370083 3 3 theme acidic 710:715 arg1 modifier 717:724 an acidic modifier 707:724 an acidic modifier 707:724 The use of a basic modifier resulted in improved detection compared to the results obtained when an acidic modifier was used in negative ion mode. 28370083 5 4 theme Neu5Ac 924:929 arg1 5.20 nM 935:941 5.20 nM 935:941 5.20 nM 935:941 Using an acidic modifier, the LOD of Neu5Ac was 47.7 nM, whereas for a basic modifier, the LOD of Neu5Ac was 5.20 nM. 28370083 5 4 theme Neu5Ac 924:929 arg1 LOD 917:919 the LOD 913:919 the LOD of Neu5Ac 913:929 Using an acidic modifier, the LOD of Neu5Ac was 47.7 nM, whereas for a basic modifier, the LOD of Neu5Ac was 5.20 nM. 28370083 2 5 theme basic 562:566 arg1 composition 597:607 an acidic or basic background electrolyte (BGE) composition 549:607 an acidic or basic background electrolyte (BGE) composition 549:607 In this study, changes in the signal intensity and peak shape of N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) were examined when the modifier solution used in a flow-through microvial interface for CE-ESI-MS was prepared using an acidic or basic background electrolyte (BGE) composition. 28370083 4 6 theme symmetrical 788:798 arg1 shape 805:809 more symmetrical peak shape 783:809 more symmetrical peak shape 783:809 Increased sensitivity and more symmetrical peak shape were obtained. 28370083 0 7 theme microvial 104:112 arg1 interface 114:122 a flow-through microvial interface 89:122 a flow-through microvial interface 89:122 Improved sensitivity by post-column chemical environment modification of CE-ESI-MS using a flow-through microvial interface. 28370083 3 8 theme ion 747:749 arg1 mode 751:754 negative ion mode 738:754 negative ion mode 738:754 The use of a basic modifier resulted in improved detection compared to the results obtained when an acidic modifier was used in negative ion mode. 28370083 6 9 dep 1.5 1016:1018 arg1 to 1013:1014 to 1013:1014 to 1013:1014 The calculated asymmetry factor at 100 nM of Neu5Ac ranged from 0.71 to 1.5 when an acidic modifier was used, while the factor ranged from 1.0 to 1.1 when a basic modifier was used. 28370083 2 10 theme acidic 552:557 arg1 composition 597:607 an acidic or basic background electrolyte (BGE) composition 549:607 an acidic or basic background electrolyte (BGE) composition 549:607 In this study, changes in the signal intensity and peak shape of N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) were examined when the modifier solution used in a flow-through microvial interface for CE-ESI-MS was prepared using an acidic or basic background electrolyte (BGE) composition. 28370083 2 11 theme peak 385:388 arg1 shape 390:394 peak shape 385:394 peak shape 385:394 In this study, changes in the signal intensity and peak shape of N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) were examined when the modifier solution used in a flow-through microvial interface for CE-ESI-MS was prepared using an acidic or basic background electrolyte (BGE) composition. 28370083 6 12 from 100 nM 979:984 arg1 factor 969:974 The calculated asymmetry factor 944:974 The calculated asymmetry factor at 100 nM of Neu5Ac 944:994 The calculated asymmetry factor at 100 nM of Neu5Ac ranged from 0.71 to 1.5 when an acidic modifier was used, while the factor ranged from 1.0 to 1.1 when a basic modifier was used. 28370083 4 13 theme Increased 757:765 arg1 sensitivity 767:777 Increased sensitivity 757:777 Increased sensitivity 757:777 Increased sensitivity and more symmetrical peak shape were obtained. 28370083 1 14 theme signal 208:213 arg1 appearance 215:224 signal appearance 208:224 signal appearance 208:224 Post-column chemical environment modification can affect detection sensitivity and signal appearance when capillary electrophoresis is coupled through electrospray ionization to mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS). 28370083 7 15 theme post-column 1142:1152 arg1 modification 1163:1174 Properly chosen post-column chemical modification 1126:1174 Properly chosen post-column chemical modification 1126:1174 Properly chosen post-column chemical modification can have a significant effect on the performance of the CE-MS system. 28370083 4 16 theme peak 800:803 arg1 shape 805:809 more symmetrical peak shape 783:809 more symmetrical peak shape 783:809 Increased sensitivity and more symmetrical peak shape were obtained. 28370083 7 17 theme chosen 1135:1140 arg1 modification 1163:1174 Properly chosen post-column chemical modification 1126:1174 Properly chosen post-column chemical modification 1126:1174 Properly chosen post-column chemical modification can have a significant effect on the performance of the CE-MS system. 28370083 3 18 theme negative 738:745 arg1 mode 751:754 negative ion mode 738:754 negative ion mode 738:754 The use of a basic modifier resulted in improved detection compared to the results obtained when an acidic modifier was used in negative ion mode. 28370083 2 19 dep intensity 371:379 arg1 the 360:362 the 360:362 the 360:362 In this study, changes in the signal intensity and peak shape of N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) were examined when the modifier solution used in a flow-through microvial interface for CE-ESI-MS was prepared using an acidic or basic background electrolyte (BGE) composition. 28370083 5 20 theme acidic 835:840 arg1 modifier 842:849 an acidic modifier 832:849 an acidic modifier 832:849 Using an acidic modifier, the LOD of Neu5Ac was 47.7 nM, whereas for a basic modifier, the LOD of Neu5Ac was 5.20 nM. 28370083 0 21 mod modification 57:68 arg1 CE-ESI-MS 73:81 CE-ESI-MS 73:81 CE-ESI-MS using a flow-through microvial interface 73:122 Improved sensitivity by post-column chemical environment modification of CE-ESI-MS using a flow-through microvial interface. 28370083 0 21 mod modification 57:68 arg3 environment 45:55 post-column chemical environment modification 24:68 post-column chemical environment modification of CE-ESI-MS using a flow-through microvial interface 24:122 Improved sensitivity by post-column chemical environment modification of CE-ESI-MS using a flow-through microvial interface. 28370083 6 22 used used 1048:1051 arg2 modifier 1035:1042 an acidic modifier 1025:1042 an acidic modifier 1025:1042 The calculated asymmetry factor at 100 nM of Neu5Ac ranged from 0.71 to 1.5 when an acidic modifier was used, while the factor ranged from 1.0 to 1.1 when a basic modifier was used. 28370083 6 23 theme basic 1101:1105 arg1 modifier 1107:1114 a basic modifier 1099:1114 a basic modifier 1099:1114 The calculated asymmetry factor at 100 nM of Neu5Ac ranged from 0.71 to 1.5 when an acidic modifier was used, while the factor ranged from 1.0 to 1.1 when a basic modifier was used. 28370083 1 24 theme capillary 231:239 arg1 electrophoresis 241:255 capillary electrophoresis 231:255 capillary electrophoresis 231:255 Post-column chemical environment modification can affect detection sensitivity and signal appearance when capillary electrophoresis is coupled through electrospray ionization to mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS). 28370083 0 25 theme post-column 24:34 arg1 modification 57:68 post-column chemical environment modification 24:68 post-column chemical environment modification of CE-ESI-MS using a flow-through microvial interface 24:122 Improved sensitivity by post-column chemical environment modification of CE-ESI-MS using a flow-through microvial interface. 28370083 2 26 theme N-Acetylneuraminic 399:416 arg1 Neu5Ac 424:429 Neu5Ac 424:429 Neu5Ac 424:429 In this study, changes in the signal intensity and peak shape of N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) were examined when the modifier solution used in a flow-through microvial interface for CE-ESI-MS was prepared using an acidic or basic background electrolyte (BGE) composition. 28370083 2 26 theme N-Acetylneuraminic 399:416 arg1 acid 418:421 N-Acetylneuraminic acid 399:421 N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) 399:430 In this study, changes in the signal intensity and peak shape of N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) were examined when the modifier solution used in a flow-through microvial interface for CE-ESI-MS was prepared using an acidic or basic background electrolyte (BGE) composition. 28370083 2 27 theme BGE 592:594 arg1 composition 597:607 an acidic or basic background electrolyte (BGE) composition 549:607 an acidic or basic background electrolyte (BGE) composition 549:607 In this study, changes in the signal intensity and peak shape of N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) were examined when the modifier solution used in a flow-through microvial interface for CE-ESI-MS was prepared using an acidic or basic background electrolyte (BGE) composition. 28370083 6 28 used used 1120:1123 arg2 modifier 1107:1114 a basic modifier 1099:1114 a basic modifier 1099:1114 The calculated asymmetry factor at 100 nM of Neu5Ac ranged from 0.71 to 1.5 when an acidic modifier was used, while the factor ranged from 1.0 to 1.1 when a basic modifier was used. 28370083 2 29 theme modifier 455:462 arg1 solution 464:471 the modifier solution 451:471 the modifier solution used in a flow-through microvial interface for CE-ESI-MS 451:528 In this study, changes in the signal intensity and peak shape of N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) were examined when the modifier solution used in a flow-through microvial interface for CE-ESI-MS was prepared using an acidic or basic background electrolyte (BGE) composition. 28370083 6 30 theme calculated 948:957 arg1 factor 969:974 The calculated asymmetry factor 944:974 The calculated asymmetry factor at 100 nM of Neu5Ac 944:994 The calculated asymmetry factor at 100 nM of Neu5Ac ranged from 0.71 to 1.5 when an acidic modifier was used, while the factor ranged from 1.0 to 1.1 when a basic modifier was used. 28370083 1 31 theme Post-column 125:135 arg1 modification 158:169 Post-column chemical environment modification 125:169 Post-column chemical environment modification 125:169 Post-column chemical environment modification can affect detection sensitivity and signal appearance when capillary electrophoresis is coupled through electrospray ionization to mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS). 28370083 0 32 theme environment 45:55 arg1 modification 57:68 post-column chemical environment modification 24:68 post-column chemical environment modification of CE-ESI-MS using a flow-through microvial interface 24:122 Improved sensitivity by post-column chemical environment modification of CE-ESI-MS using a flow-through microvial interface. 28370083 7 33 theme system 1238:1243 arg1 performance 1213:1223 the performance 1209:1223 the performance of the CE-MS system 1209:1243 Properly chosen post-column chemical modification can have a significant effect on the performance of the CE-MS system. 28370083 2 34 theme electrolyte 579:589 arg1 composition 597:607 an acidic or basic background electrolyte (BGE) composition 549:607 an acidic or basic background electrolyte (BGE) composition 549:607 In this study, changes in the signal intensity and peak shape of N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) were examined when the modifier solution used in a flow-through microvial interface for CE-ESI-MS was prepared using an acidic or basic background electrolyte (BGE) composition. 28370083 0 35 theme chemical 36:43 arg1 modification 57:68 post-column chemical environment modification 24:68 post-column chemical environment modification of CE-ESI-MS using a flow-through microvial interface 24:122 Improved sensitivity by post-column chemical environment modification of CE-ESI-MS using a flow-through microvial interface. 28370083 2 36 theme background 568:577 arg1 composition 597:607 an acidic or basic background electrolyte (BGE) composition 549:607 an acidic or basic background electrolyte (BGE) composition 549:607 In this study, changes in the signal intensity and peak shape of N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) were examined when the modifier solution used in a flow-through microvial interface for CE-ESI-MS was prepared using an acidic or basic background electrolyte (BGE) composition. 28370083 3 37 theme basic 623:627 arg1 modifier 629:636 a basic modifier 621:636 a basic modifier 621:636 The use of a basic modifier resulted in improved detection compared to the results obtained when an acidic modifier was used in negative ion mode. 28370083 5 38 theme Neu5Ac 863:868 arg1 47.7 nM 874:880 47.7 nM 874:880 47.7 nM 874:880 Using an acidic modifier, the LOD of Neu5Ac was 47.7 nM, whereas for a basic modifier, the LOD of Neu5Ac was 5.20 nM. 28370083 5 38 theme Neu5Ac 863:868 arg1 LOD 856:858 the LOD 852:858 the LOD of Neu5Ac 852:868 Using an acidic modifier, the LOD of Neu5Ac was 47.7 nM, whereas for a basic modifier, the LOD of Neu5Ac was 5.20 nM. 28370083 5 38 theme Neu5Ac 863:868 arg1 whereas 883:889 whereas 883:889 whereas 883:889 Using an acidic modifier, the LOD of Neu5Ac was 47.7 nM, whereas for a basic modifier, the LOD of Neu5Ac was 5.20 nM. 28370083 2 39 theme microvial 496:504 arg1 interface 506:514 a flow-through microvial interface 481:514 a flow-through microvial interface for CE-ESI-MS 481:528 In this study, changes in the signal intensity and peak shape of N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) were examined when the modifier solution used in a flow-through microvial interface for CE-ESI-MS was prepared using an acidic or basic background electrolyte (BGE) composition. 28370083 7 40 theme chemical 1154:1161 arg1 modification 1163:1174 Properly chosen post-column chemical modification 1126:1174 Properly chosen post-column chemical modification 1126:1174 Properly chosen post-column chemical modification can have a significant effect on the performance of the CE-MS system. 28370083 6 41 theme asymmetry 959:967 arg1 factor 969:974 The calculated asymmetry factor 944:974 The calculated asymmetry factor at 100 nM of Neu5Ac 944:994 The calculated asymmetry factor at 100 nM of Neu5Ac ranged from 0.71 to 1.5 when an acidic modifier was used, while the factor ranged from 1.0 to 1.1 when a basic modifier was used. 28370083 1 42 theme chemical 137:144 arg1 modification 158:169 Post-column chemical environment modification 125:169 Post-column chemical environment modification 125:169 Post-column chemical environment modification can affect detection sensitivity and signal appearance when capillary electrophoresis is coupled through electrospray ionization to mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS). 28370083 2 43 theme flow-through 483:494 arg1 interface 506:514 a flow-through microvial interface 481:514 a flow-through microvial interface for CE-ESI-MS 481:528 In this study, changes in the signal intensity and peak shape of N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) were examined when the modifier solution used in a flow-through microvial interface for CE-ESI-MS was prepared using an acidic or basic background electrolyte (BGE) composition. 28370083 6 44 dep 1.1 1090:1092 arg1 to 1087:1088 to 1087:1088 to 1087:1088 The calculated asymmetry factor at 100 nM of Neu5Ac ranged from 0.71 to 1.5 when an acidic modifier was used, while the factor ranged from 1.0 to 1.1 when a basic modifier was used. 28370083 5 45 dep 47.7 nM 874:880 arg1 47.7 nM 874:880 47.7 nM 874:880 47.7 nM 874:880 Using an acidic modifier, the LOD of Neu5Ac was 47.7 nM, whereas for a basic modifier, the LOD of Neu5Ac was 5.20 nM. 28370083 5 45 dep 47.7 nM 874:880 arg1 LOD 856:858 the LOD 852:858 the LOD of Neu5Ac 852:868 Using an acidic modifier, the LOD of Neu5Ac was 47.7 nM, whereas for a basic modifier, the LOD of Neu5Ac was 5.20 nM. 28370083 5 45 dep 47.7 nM 874:880 arg1 whereas 883:889 whereas 883:889 whereas 883:889 Using an acidic modifier, the LOD of Neu5Ac was 47.7 nM, whereas for a basic modifier, the LOD of Neu5Ac was 5.20 nM. 28370083 7 46 theme CE-MS 1232:1236 arg1 system 1238:1243 the CE-MS system 1228:1243 the CE-MS system 1228:1243 Properly chosen post-column chemical modification can have a significant effect on the performance of the CE-MS system. 28370083 1 47 theme environment 146:156 arg1 modification 158:169 Post-column chemical environment modification 125:169 Post-column chemical environment modification 125:169 Post-column chemical environment modification can affect detection sensitivity and signal appearance when capillary electrophoresis is coupled through electrospray ionization to mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS). 28370083 1 48 theme electrospray 276:287 arg1 CE-ESI-MS 322:330 CE-ESI-MS 322:330 CE-ESI-MS 322:330 Post-column chemical environment modification can affect detection sensitivity and signal appearance when capillary electrophoresis is coupled through electrospray ionization to mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS). 28370083 1 48 theme electrospray 276:287 arg1 spectrometry 308:319 electrospray ionization to mass spectrometry 276:319 electrospray ionization to mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS) 276:331 Post-column chemical environment modification can affect detection sensitivity and signal appearance when capillary electrophoresis is coupled through electrospray ionization to mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS). 28370083 1 49 dep spectrometry 308:319 arg1 to 300:301 to 300:301 to 300:301 Post-column chemical environment modification can affect detection sensitivity and signal appearance when capillary electrophoresis is coupled through electrospray ionization to mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS). 28370083 3 50 theme improved 650:657 arg1 detection 659:667 improved detection 650:667 improved detection 650:667 The use of a basic modifier resulted in improved detection compared to the results obtained when an acidic modifier was used in negative ion mode. 28370083 7 51 contain have 1180:1183 arg2 effect 1199:1204 a significant effect 1185:1204 a significant effect 1185:1204 Properly chosen post-column chemical modification can have a significant effect on the performance of the CE-MS system. 28370083 7 51 contain have 1180:1183 arg1 modification 1163:1174 Properly chosen post-column chemical modification 1126:1174 Properly chosen post-column chemical modification 1126:1174 Properly chosen post-column chemical modification can have a significant effect on the performance of the CE-MS system. 28370083 2 52 theme signal 364:369 arg1 intensity 371:379 signal intensity 364:379 signal intensity 364:379 In this study, changes in the signal intensity and peak shape of N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) were examined when the modifier solution used in a flow-through microvial interface for CE-ESI-MS was prepared using an acidic or basic background electrolyte (BGE) composition. 28370083 1 53 theme ionization 289:298 arg1 CE-ESI-MS 322:330 CE-ESI-MS 322:330 CE-ESI-MS 322:330 Post-column chemical environment modification can affect detection sensitivity and signal appearance when capillary electrophoresis is coupled through electrospray ionization to mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS). 28370083 1 53 theme ionization 289:298 arg1 spectrometry 308:319 electrospray ionization to mass spectrometry 276:319 electrospray ionization to mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS) 276:331 Post-column chemical environment modification can affect detection sensitivity and signal appearance when capillary electrophoresis is coupled through electrospray ionization to mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS). 28370083 3 54 theme modifier 629:636 arg1 use 614:616 The use 610:616 The use of a basic modifier 610:636 The use of a basic modifier resulted in improved detection compared to the results obtained when an acidic modifier was used in negative ion mode. 28370083 6 55 theme acidic 1028:1033 arg1 modifier 1035:1042 an acidic modifier 1025:1042 an acidic modifier 1025:1042 The calculated asymmetry factor at 100 nM of Neu5Ac ranged from 0.71 to 1.5 when an acidic modifier was used, while the factor ranged from 1.0 to 1.1 when a basic modifier was used. 28370083 2 56 theme acid 418:421 arg1 intensity 371:379 signal intensity 364:379 signal intensity 364:379 In this study, changes in the signal intensity and peak shape of N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) were examined when the modifier solution used in a flow-through microvial interface for CE-ESI-MS was prepared using an acidic or basic background electrolyte (BGE) composition. 28370083 2 56 theme acid 418:421 arg1 shape 390:394 peak shape 385:394 peak shape 385:394 In this study, changes in the signal intensity and peak shape of N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) were examined when the modifier solution used in a flow-through microvial interface for CE-ESI-MS was prepared using an acidic or basic background electrolyte (BGE) composition. 28370083 7 57 theme significant 1187:1197 arg1 effect 1199:1204 a significant effect 1185:1204 a significant effect 1185:1204 Properly chosen post-column chemical modification can have a significant effect on the performance of the CE-MS system. 28370083 3 58 used used 730:733 arg2 modifier 717:724 an acidic modifier 707:724 an acidic modifier 707:724 The use of a basic modifier resulted in improved detection compared to the results obtained when an acidic modifier was used in negative ion mode. 28370083 0 59 theme CE-ESI-MS 73:81 arg1 modification 57:68 post-column chemical environment modification 24:68 post-column chemical environment modification of CE-ESI-MS using a flow-through microvial interface 24:122 Improved sensitivity by post-column chemical environment modification of CE-ESI-MS using a flow-through microvial interface. 28370083 1 60 theme detection 182:190 arg1 sensitivity 192:202 detection sensitivity 182:202 detection sensitivity 182:202 Post-column chemical environment modification can affect detection sensitivity and signal appearance when capillary electrophoresis is coupled through electrospray ionization to mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS). 28370083 2 61 from changes 349:355 arg1 intensity 371:379 signal intensity 364:379 signal intensity 364:379 In this study, changes in the signal intensity and peak shape of N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) were examined when the modifier solution used in a flow-through microvial interface for CE-ESI-MS was prepared using an acidic or basic background electrolyte (BGE) composition. 28370083 2 61 from changes 349:355 arg1 shape 390:394 peak shape 385:394 peak shape 385:394 In this study, changes in the signal intensity and peak shape of N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) were examined when the modifier solution used in a flow-through microvial interface for CE-ESI-MS was prepared using an acidic or basic background electrolyte (BGE) composition. 28370083 1 62 theme mass 303:306 arg1 CE-ESI-MS 322:330 CE-ESI-MS 322:330 CE-ESI-MS 322:330 Post-column chemical environment modification can affect detection sensitivity and signal appearance when capillary electrophoresis is coupled through electrospray ionization to mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS). 28370083 1 62 theme mass 303:306 arg1 spectrometry 308:319 electrospray ionization to mass spectrometry 276:319 electrospray ionization to mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS) 276:331 Post-column chemical environment modification can affect detection sensitivity and signal appearance when capillary electrophoresis is coupled through electrospray ionization to mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS). 24139866 0 0 theme ligament 78:85 arg1 matrix 47:52 the extracellular matrix 29:52 the extracellular matrix of the human iliolumbar ligament 29:85 The molecular composition of the extracellular matrix of the human iliolumbar ligament. 24139866 4 1 theme Special 492:498 arg1 attention 500:508 STUDY DESIGN Special attention 479:508 STUDY DESIGN Special attention 479:508 STUDY DESIGN Special attention is given to the attachment sites, to determine whether the ligament is subjected to a certain mechanical environment. 24139866 3 2 dep PURPOSE 365:371 arg1 study 388:392 the present study 376:392 the present study 376:392 PURPOSE In the present study, we analyze the regional molecular composition of the ligament extracellular matrix. 24139866 7 3 dep mid-substance 930:942 arg1 RESULTS 918:924 RESULTS 918:924 RESULTS 918:924 RESULTS The mid-substance of the ligament labeled for all the molecules normally found in dense fibrous connective tissue including types I, III, and VI collagen, versican, dermatan -, chondroitin 4 -, and keratan sulfate. 24139866 10 4 contain contained 1352:1360 arg2 fibers 1368:1373 nerve fibers 1362:1373 nerve fibers 1362:1373 Occasionally this fat contained nerve fibers. 24139866 10 4 contain contained 1352:1360 arg1 fat 1348:1350 Occasionally this fat 1330:1350 Occasionally this fat 1330:1350 Occasionally this fat contained nerve fibers. 24139866 0 5 theme iliolumbar 67:76 arg1 ligament 78:85 the human iliolumbar ligament 57:85 the human iliolumbar ligament 57:85 The molecular composition of the extracellular matrix of the human iliolumbar ligament. 24139866 11 6 theme tensile 1503:1509 arg1 loading-probably 1527:1542 both tensile and compressive loading-probably 1498:1542 both tensile and compressive loading-probably 1498:1542 CONCLUSIONS The existence of fibrocartilaginous entheses suggests that the insertion sites of the ligament are subject to both tensile and compressive loading-probably because of insertional angle changes between ligament and bone during loading. 24139866 8 7 theme type 1204:1207 arg1 collagen 1212:1219 type II collagen 1204:1219 type II collagen 1204:1219 However, both entheses were fibrocartilaginous and labeled for type II collagen, aggrecan, and chondroitin 6- sulfate. 24139866 5 8 theme ligament 647:654 arg1 samples 656:662 METHODS Iliolumbar ligament samples 628:662 METHODS Iliolumbar ligament samples 628:662 METHODS Iliolumbar ligament samples, extending from one enthesis to the other, were removed from 11 cadavers and fixed in methanol. 24139866 6 9 theme antibodies 808:817 arg1 panel 799:803 a panel 797:803 a panel of antibodies directed against collagens, glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, matrix proteins, and neurofilament 797:915 Cryosections were immunolabeled with a panel of antibodies directed against collagens, glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, matrix proteins, and neurofilament. 24139866 11 10 theme ligament 1474:1481 arg1 sites 1461:1465 the insertion sites 1447:1465 the insertion sites of the ligament 1447:1481 CONCLUSIONS The existence of fibrocartilaginous entheses suggests that the insertion sites of the ligament are subject to both tensile and compressive loading-probably because of insertional angle changes between ligament and bone during loading. 24139866 11 10 theme ligament 1474:1481 arg1 ligament 1474:1481 the ligament 1470:1481 the ligament 1470:1481 CONCLUSIONS The existence of fibrocartilaginous entheses suggests that the insertion sites of the ligament are subject to both tensile and compressive loading-probably because of insertional angle changes between ligament and bone during loading. 24139866 11 10 theme ligament 1474:1481 arg1 subject 1487:1493 subject 1487:1493 subject 1487:1493 CONCLUSIONS The existence of fibrocartilaginous entheses suggests that the insertion sites of the ligament are subject to both tensile and compressive loading-probably because of insertional angle changes between ligament and bone during loading. 24139866 7 11 theme connective 1022:1031 arg1 tissue 1033:1038 dense fibrous connective tissue 1008:1038 dense fibrous connective tissue including types I, III, and VI collagen, versican, dermatan -, chondroitin 4 -, and keratan sulfate 1008:1138 RESULTS The mid-substance of the ligament labeled for all the molecules normally found in dense fibrous connective tissue including types I, III, and VI collagen, versican, dermatan -, chondroitin 4 -, and keratan sulfate. 24139866 7 12 theme ligament 951:958 arg1 mid-substance 930:942 The mid-substance 926:942 The mid-substance of the ligament labeled for all the molecules normally found in dense fibrous connective tissue including types I, III, and VI collagen, versican, dermatan -, chondroitin 4 -, and keratan sulfate 926:1138 RESULTS The mid-substance of the ligament labeled for all the molecules normally found in dense fibrous connective tissue including types I, III, and VI collagen, versican, dermatan -, chondroitin 4 -, and keratan sulfate. 24139866 1 13 theme low 264:266 arg1 pain 273:276 low back pain 264:276 low back pain 264:276 BACKGROUND CONTEXT The human iliolumbar ligament connects the transverse process of L5 to the iliac crest and contributes to lumbosacral stability and has been associated with low back pain. 24139866 7 14 dep types 1050:1054 arg1 dermatan 1091:1098 dermatan 1091:1098 dermatan 1091:1098 RESULTS The mid-substance of the ligament labeled for all the molecules normally found in dense fibrous connective tissue including types I, III, and VI collagen, versican, dermatan -, chondroitin 4 -, and keratan sulfate. 24139866 7 14 dep types 1050:1054 arg1 types 1050:1054 types I, III, and VI collagen, versican, dermatan - 1050:1100 types I, III, and VI collagen, versican, dermatan - 1050:1100 RESULTS The mid-substance of the ligament labeled for all the molecules normally found in dense fibrous connective tissue including types I, III, and VI collagen, versican, dermatan -, chondroitin 4 -, and keratan sulfate. 24139866 7 14 dep types 1050:1054 arg1 I 1056:1056 I 1056:1056 I 1056:1056 RESULTS The mid-substance of the ligament labeled for all the molecules normally found in dense fibrous connective tissue including types I, III, and VI collagen, versican, dermatan -, chondroitin 4 -, and keratan sulfate. 24139866 7 14 dep types 1050:1054 arg1 collagen 1071:1078 collagen 1071:1078 collagen 1071:1078 RESULTS The mid-substance of the ligament labeled for all the molecules normally found in dense fibrous connective tissue including types I, III, and VI collagen, versican, dermatan -, chondroitin 4 -, and keratan sulfate. 24139866 7 14 dep types 1050:1054 arg1 versican 1081:1088 versican 1081:1088 versican 1081:1088 RESULTS The mid-substance of the ligament labeled for all the molecules normally found in dense fibrous connective tissue including types I, III, and VI collagen, versican, dermatan -, chondroitin 4 -, and keratan sulfate. 24139866 7 14 dep types 1050:1054 arg1 III 1059:1061 III 1059:1061 III 1059:1061 RESULTS The mid-substance of the ligament labeled for all the molecules normally found in dense fibrous connective tissue including types I, III, and VI collagen, versican, dermatan -, chondroitin 4 -, and keratan sulfate. 24139866 9 15 theme common 1262:1267 arg1 fat 1281:1283 fat 1281:1283 fat 1281:1283 A common feature was fat between the fiber bundles near the entheses. 24139866 9 15 theme common 1262:1267 arg1 feature 1269:1275 A common feature 1260:1275 A common feature 1260:1275 A common feature was fat between the fiber bundles near the entheses. 24139866 8 16 theme chondroitin 1236:1246 arg1 sulfate 1251:1257 chondroitin 6- sulfate 1236:1257 chondroitin 6- sulfate 1236:1257 However, both entheses were fibrocartilaginous and labeled for type II collagen, aggrecan, and chondroitin 6- sulfate. 24139866 1 17 theme L5 172:173 arg1 process 161:167 the transverse process 146:167 the transverse process of L5 146:173 BACKGROUND CONTEXT The human iliolumbar ligament connects the transverse process of L5 to the iliac crest and contributes to lumbosacral stability and has been associated with low back pain. 24139866 4 18 theme DESIGN 485:490 arg1 attention 500:508 STUDY DESIGN Special attention 479:508 STUDY DESIGN Special attention 479:508 STUDY DESIGN Special attention is given to the attachment sites, to determine whether the ligament is subjected to a certain mechanical environment. 24139866 0 19 theme molecular 4:12 arg1 composition 14:24 The molecular composition 0:24 The molecular composition of the extracellular matrix of the human iliolumbar ligament 0:85 The molecular composition of the extracellular matrix of the human iliolumbar ligament. 24139866 4 20 theme STUDY 479:483 arg1 attention 500:508 STUDY DESIGN Special attention 479:508 STUDY DESIGN Special attention 479:508 STUDY DESIGN Special attention is given to the attachment sites, to determine whether the ligament is subjected to a certain mechanical environment. 24139866 5 21 theme METHODS 628:634 arg1 samples 656:662 METHODS Iliolumbar ligament samples 628:662 METHODS Iliolumbar ligament samples 628:662 METHODS Iliolumbar ligament samples, extending from one enthesis to the other, were removed from 11 cadavers and fixed in methanol. 24139866 7 22 located found 999:1003 arg1 tissue 1033:1038 dense fibrous connective tissue 1008:1038 dense fibrous connective tissue including types I, III, and VI collagen, versican, dermatan -, chondroitin 4 -, and keratan sulfate 1008:1138 RESULTS The mid-substance of the ligament labeled for all the molecules normally found in dense fibrous connective tissue including types I, III, and VI collagen, versican, dermatan -, chondroitin 4 -, and keratan sulfate. 24139866 7 22 located found 999:1003 arg2 molecules 980:988 all the molecules 972:988 all the molecules normally found in dense fibrous connective tissue including types I, III, and VI collagen, versican, dermatan -, chondroitin 4 -, and keratan sulfate 972:1138 RESULTS The mid-substance of the ligament labeled for all the molecules normally found in dense fibrous connective tissue including types I, III, and VI collagen, versican, dermatan -, chondroitin 4 -, and keratan sulfate. 24139866 3 23 theme present 380:386 arg1 study 388:392 the present study 376:392 the present study 376:392 PURPOSE In the present study, we analyze the regional molecular composition of the ligament extracellular matrix. 24139866 5 24 theme Iliolumbar 636:645 arg1 samples 656:662 METHODS Iliolumbar ligament samples 628:662 METHODS Iliolumbar ligament samples 628:662 METHODS Iliolumbar ligament samples, extending from one enthesis to the other, were removed from 11 cadavers and fixed in methanol. 24139866 10 25 theme nerve 1362:1366 arg1 fibers 1368:1373 nerve fibers 1362:1373 nerve fibers 1362:1373 Occasionally this fat contained nerve fibers. 24139866 1 26 theme BACKGROUND 88:97 arg1 CONTEXT 99:105 BACKGROUND CONTEXT 88:105 BACKGROUND CONTEXT The human iliolumbar ligament 88:135 BACKGROUND CONTEXT The human iliolumbar ligament connects the transverse process of L5 to the iliac crest and contributes to lumbosacral stability and has been associated with low back pain. 24139866 3 27 theme regional 410:417 arg1 composition 429:439 the regional molecular composition 406:439 the regional molecular composition of the ligament extracellular matrix 406:476 PURPOSE In the present study, we analyze the regional molecular composition of the ligament extracellular matrix. 24139866 11 28 theme compressive 1515:1525 arg1 loading-probably 1527:1542 both tensile and compressive loading-probably 1498:1542 both tensile and compressive loading-probably 1498:1542 CONCLUSIONS The existence of fibrocartilaginous entheses suggests that the insertion sites of the ligament are subject to both tensile and compressive loading-probably because of insertional angle changes between ligament and bone during loading. 24139866 12 29 theme junction 1757:1764 arg1 stabilization 1724:1736 the stabilization 1720:1736 the stabilization of the lumbosacral junction 1720:1764 Our findings support the suggestion that the iliolumbar ligament might play an important role in the stabilization of the lumbosacral junction. 24139866 2 30 theme different 288:296 arg1 opinions 298:305 different opinions 288:305 different opinions 288:305 However, different opinions exist regarding the functional relevance of the ligament. 24139866 12 31 theme lumbosacral 1745:1755 arg1 junction 1757:1764 the lumbosacral junction 1741:1764 the lumbosacral junction 1741:1764 Our findings support the suggestion that the iliolumbar ligament might play an important role in the stabilization of the lumbosacral junction. 24139866 3 32 theme ligament 448:455 arg1 matrix 471:476 the ligament extracellular matrix 444:476 the ligament extracellular matrix 444:476 PURPOSE In the present study, we analyze the regional molecular composition of the ligament extracellular matrix. 24139866 7 33 theme keratan 1124:1130 arg1 types 1050:1054 types I, III, and VI collagen, versican, dermatan - 1050:1100 types I, III, and VI collagen, versican, dermatan - 1050:1100 RESULTS The mid-substance of the ligament labeled for all the molecules normally found in dense fibrous connective tissue including types I, III, and VI collagen, versican, dermatan -, chondroitin 4 -, and keratan sulfate. 24139866 7 33 theme keratan 1124:1130 arg1 sulfate 1132:1138 keratan sulfate 1124:1138 keratan sulfate 1124:1138 RESULTS The mid-substance of the ligament labeled for all the molecules normally found in dense fibrous connective tissue including types I, III, and VI collagen, versican, dermatan -, chondroitin 4 -, and keratan sulfate. 24139866 11 34 theme entheses 1424:1431 arg1 existence 1392:1400 The existence 1388:1400 The existence of fibrocartilaginous entheses 1388:1431 CONCLUSIONS The existence of fibrocartilaginous entheses suggests that the insertion sites of the ligament are subject to both tensile and compressive loading-probably because of insertional angle changes between ligament and bone during loading. 24139866 11 35 theme fibrocartilaginous 1405:1422 arg1 entheses 1424:1431 fibrocartilaginous entheses 1405:1431 fibrocartilaginous entheses 1405:1431 CONCLUSIONS The existence of fibrocartilaginous entheses suggests that the insertion sites of the ligament are subject to both tensile and compressive loading-probably because of insertional angle changes between ligament and bone during loading. 24139866 3 36 theme extracellular 457:469 arg1 matrix 471:476 the ligament extracellular matrix 444:476 the ligament extracellular matrix 444:476 PURPOSE In the present study, we analyze the regional molecular composition of the ligament extracellular matrix. 24139866 0 37 theme extracellular 33:45 arg1 matrix 47:52 the extracellular matrix 29:52 the extracellular matrix of the human iliolumbar ligament 29:85 The molecular composition of the extracellular matrix of the human iliolumbar ligament. 24139866 2 38 theme functional 327:336 arg1 relevance 338:346 the functional relevance 323:346 the functional relevance of the ligament 323:362 However, different opinions exist regarding the functional relevance of the ligament. 24139866 1 39 theme iliac 182:186 arg1 crest 188:192 the iliac crest 178:192 the iliac crest 178:192 BACKGROUND CONTEXT The human iliolumbar ligament connects the transverse process of L5 to the iliac crest and contributes to lumbosacral stability and has been associated with low back pain. 24139866 3 40 theme molecular 419:427 arg1 composition 429:439 the regional molecular composition 406:439 the regional molecular composition of the ligament extracellular matrix 406:476 PURPOSE In the present study, we analyze the regional molecular composition of the ligament extracellular matrix. 24139866 7 41 dep collagen 1071:1078 arg1 VI 1068:1069 VI 1068:1069 VI 1068:1069 RESULTS The mid-substance of the ligament labeled for all the molecules normally found in dense fibrous connective tissue including types I, III, and VI collagen, versican, dermatan -, chondroitin 4 -, and keratan sulfate. 24139866 7 42 theme fibrous 1014:1020 arg1 tissue 1033:1038 dense fibrous connective tissue 1008:1038 dense fibrous connective tissue including types I, III, and VI collagen, versican, dermatan -, chondroitin 4 -, and keratan sulfate 1008:1138 RESULTS The mid-substance of the ligament labeled for all the molecules normally found in dense fibrous connective tissue including types I, III, and VI collagen, versican, dermatan -, chondroitin 4 -, and keratan sulfate. 24139866 12 43 theme important 1702:1710 arg1 role 1712:1715 an important role 1699:1715 an important role 1699:1715 Our findings support the suggestion that the iliolumbar ligament might play an important role in the stabilization of the lumbosacral junction. 24139866 6 44 theme matrix 882:887 arg1 proteins 889:896 matrix proteins 882:896 matrix proteins 882:896 Cryosections were immunolabeled with a panel of antibodies directed against collagens, glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, matrix proteins, and neurofilament. 24139866 1 45 theme human 111:115 arg1 ligament 128:135 The human iliolumbar ligament 107:135 BACKGROUND CONTEXT The human iliolumbar ligament 88:135 BACKGROUND CONTEXT The human iliolumbar ligament connects the transverse process of L5 to the iliac crest and contributes to lumbosacral stability and has been associated with low back pain. 24139866 0 46 theme matrix 47:52 arg1 composition 14:24 The molecular composition 0:24 The molecular composition of the extracellular matrix of the human iliolumbar ligament 0:85 The molecular composition of the extracellular matrix of the human iliolumbar ligament. 24139866 11 47 theme insertional 1555:1565 arg1 changes 1573:1579 insertional angle changes 1555:1579 insertional angle changes between ligament and bone 1555:1605 CONCLUSIONS The existence of fibrocartilaginous entheses suggests that the insertion sites of the ligament are subject to both tensile and compressive loading-probably because of insertional angle changes between ligament and bone during loading. 24139866 1 48 theme iliolumbar 117:126 arg1 ligament 128:135 The human iliolumbar ligament 107:135 BACKGROUND CONTEXT The human iliolumbar ligament 88:135 BACKGROUND CONTEXT The human iliolumbar ligament connects the transverse process of L5 to the iliac crest and contributes to lumbosacral stability and has been associated with low back pain. 24139866 4 49 theme attachment 526:535 arg1 sites 537:541 the attachment sites 522:541 the attachment sites 522:541 STUDY DESIGN Special attention is given to the attachment sites, to determine whether the ligament is subjected to a certain mechanical environment. 24139866 5 50 from methanol 750:757 arg1 fixed 741:745 fixed 741:745 fixed 741:745 METHODS Iliolumbar ligament samples, extending from one enthesis to the other, were removed from 11 cadavers and fixed in methanol. 24139866 9 51 theme fiber 1297:1301 arg1 bundles 1303:1309 the fiber bundles 1293:1309 the fiber bundles near the entheses 1293:1327 A common feature was fat between the fiber bundles near the entheses. 24139866 7 52 theme dense 1008:1012 arg1 tissue 1033:1038 dense fibrous connective tissue 1008:1038 dense fibrous connective tissue including types I, III, and VI collagen, versican, dermatan -, chondroitin 4 -, and keratan sulfate 1008:1138 RESULTS The mid-substance of the ligament labeled for all the molecules normally found in dense fibrous connective tissue including types I, III, and VI collagen, versican, dermatan -, chondroitin 4 -, and keratan sulfate. 24139866 3 53 theme matrix 471:476 arg1 composition 429:439 the regional molecular composition 406:439 the regional molecular composition of the ligament extracellular matrix 406:476 PURPOSE In the present study, we analyze the regional molecular composition of the ligament extracellular matrix. 24139866 1 54 theme lumbosacral 213:223 arg1 stability 225:233 lumbosacral stability 213:233 lumbosacral stability 213:233 BACKGROUND CONTEXT The human iliolumbar ligament connects the transverse process of L5 to the iliac crest and contributes to lumbosacral stability and has been associated with low back pain. 24139866 11 55 theme angle 1567:1571 arg1 changes 1573:1579 insertional angle changes 1555:1579 insertional angle changes between ligament and bone 1555:1605 CONCLUSIONS The existence of fibrocartilaginous entheses suggests that the insertion sites of the ligament are subject to both tensile and compressive loading-probably because of insertional angle changes between ligament and bone during loading. 24139866 11 56 dep CONCLUSIONS 1376:1386 arg1 suggests 1433:1440 suggests 1433:1440 suggests that the insertion sites of the ligament are subject to both tensile and compressive loading-probably because of insertional angle changes between ligament and bone during loading 1433:1620 CONCLUSIONS The existence of fibrocartilaginous entheses suggests that the insertion sites of the ligament are subject to both tensile and compressive loading-probably because of insertional angle changes between ligament and bone during loading. 24139866 1 57 theme transverse 150:159 arg1 process 161:167 the transverse process 146:167 the transverse process of L5 146:173 BACKGROUND CONTEXT The human iliolumbar ligament connects the transverse process of L5 to the iliac crest and contributes to lumbosacral stability and has been associated with low back pain. 24139866 0 58 theme human 61:65 arg1 ligament 78:85 the human iliolumbar ligament 57:85 the human iliolumbar ligament 57:85 The molecular composition of the extracellular matrix of the human iliolumbar ligament. 24139866 5 59 from fixed 741:745 arg1 methanol 750:757 methanol 750:757 methanol 750:757 METHODS Iliolumbar ligament samples, extending from one enthesis to the other, were removed from 11 cadavers and fixed in methanol. 24139866 1 60 dep CONTEXT 99:105 arg1 ligament 128:135 The human iliolumbar ligament 107:135 BACKGROUND CONTEXT The human iliolumbar ligament 88:135 BACKGROUND CONTEXT The human iliolumbar ligament connects the transverse process of L5 to the iliac crest and contributes to lumbosacral stability and has been associated with low back pain. 24139866 11 61 theme insertion 1451:1459 arg1 sites 1461:1465 the insertion sites 1447:1465 the insertion sites of the ligament 1447:1481 CONCLUSIONS The existence of fibrocartilaginous entheses suggests that the insertion sites of the ligament are subject to both tensile and compressive loading-probably because of insertional angle changes between ligament and bone during loading. 24139866 11 61 theme insertion 1451:1459 arg1 ligament 1474:1481 the ligament 1470:1481 the ligament 1470:1481 CONCLUSIONS The existence of fibrocartilaginous entheses suggests that the insertion sites of the ligament are subject to both tensile and compressive loading-probably because of insertional angle changes between ligament and bone during loading. 24139866 11 61 theme insertion 1451:1459 arg1 subject 1487:1493 subject 1487:1493 subject 1487:1493 CONCLUSIONS The existence of fibrocartilaginous entheses suggests that the insertion sites of the ligament are subject to both tensile and compressive loading-probably because of insertional angle changes between ligament and bone during loading. 24139866 4 62 theme mechanical 604:613 arg1 environment 615:625 a certain mechanical environment 594:625 a certain mechanical environment 594:625 STUDY DESIGN Special attention is given to the attachment sites, to determine whether the ligament is subjected to a certain mechanical environment. 24139866 2 63 theme ligament 355:362 arg1 relevance 338:346 the functional relevance 323:346 the functional relevance of the ligament 323:362 However, different opinions exist regarding the functional relevance of the ligament. 24139866 12 64 theme iliolumbar 1668:1677 arg1 ligament 1679:1686 the iliolumbar ligament 1664:1686 the iliolumbar ligament 1664:1686 Our findings support the suggestion that the iliolumbar ligament might play an important role in the stabilization of the lumbosacral junction. 24139866 4 65 theme certain 596:602 arg1 environment 615:625 a certain mechanical environment 594:625 a certain mechanical environment 594:625 STUDY DESIGN Special attention is given to the attachment sites, to determine whether the ligament is subjected to a certain mechanical environment. 25043794 11 0 theme floc 2055:2058 arg1 flocculation 2066:2077 floc level flocculation 2055:2077 floc level flocculation 2055:2077 It suggested that cation bridging interactions are more crucial in floc level flocculation, while the entanglement and hydrophobic interactions are more important in microcolony level cohesion. 25043794 11 1 from important 2141:2149 arg1 cohesion 2172:2179 microcolony level cohesion 2154:2179 microcolony level cohesion 2154:2179 It suggested that cation bridging interactions are more crucial in floc level flocculation, while the entanglement and hydrophobic interactions are more important in microcolony level cohesion. 25043794 0 2 theme microcolony 165:175 arg1 level 177:181 microcolony level 165:181 microcolony level 165:181 A new classification paradigm of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge: separation and characterization of exopolymers between floc level and microcolony level. 25043794 3 3 theme new 461:463 arg1 paradigm 480:487 a new classification paradigm 459:487 a new classification paradigm of EPS 459:494 In this paper, a new classification paradigm of EPS was proposed, which offered a novel approach to identify the role of EPS in the formation of activated sludge flocs. 25043794 11 4 theme cation 2006:2011 arg1 interactions 2022:2033 cation bridging interactions 2006:2033 cation bridging interactions 2006:2033 It suggested that cation bridging interactions are more crucial in floc level flocculation, while the entanglement and hydrophobic interactions are more important in microcolony level cohesion. 25043794 6 5 theme physicochemical 1188:1202 arg1 characteristics 1204:1218 the physicochemical characteristics 1184:1218 the physicochemical characteristics of EMPS 1184:1226 A two-steps extraction strategy (cation exchange resin treatment followed by ultrasonication-high speed centrifugation treatment) was suggested to separate these two types of EPS in activated sludge flocs and the physicochemical characteristics of EMPS and ECPS were compared. 25043794 3 6 theme EPS 492:494 arg1 paradigm 480:487 a new classification paradigm 459:487 a new classification paradigm of EPS 459:494 In this paper, a new classification paradigm of EPS was proposed, which offered a novel approach to identify the role of EPS in the formation of activated sludge flocs. 25043794 7 7 theme molecular 1330:1338 arg1 weight 1340:1345 the molecular weight 1326:1345 the molecular weight of proteins in EMPS and ECPS 1326:1374 The protein/polysaccharide ratio of ECPS was higher than that of EMPS and the molecular weight of proteins in EMPS and ECPS were found to be different. 25043794 7 7 theme molecular 1330:1338 arg1 different 1393:1401 different 1393:1401 different 1393:1401 The protein/polysaccharide ratio of ECPS was higher than that of EMPS and the molecular weight of proteins in EMPS and ECPS were found to be different. 25043794 10 8 theme flocs 1914:1918 arg1 aggregation 1882:1892 aggregation 1882:1892 aggregation of activated sludge flocs 1882:1918 All results reported herein demonstrated that two different types of exopolymers exist in the activated sludge flocs and the inter-particle forces for aggregation of activated sludge flocs are not identical between the floc level and the microcolony level. 25043794 6 9 theme sludge 1167:1172 arg1 flocs 1174:1178 activated sludge flocs 1157:1178 activated sludge flocs 1157:1178 A two-steps extraction strategy (cation exchange resin treatment followed by ultrasonication-high speed centrifugation treatment) was suggested to separate these two types of EPS in activated sludge flocs and the physicochemical characteristics of EMPS and ECPS were compared. 25043794 1 10 theme Extracellular 184:196 arg1 substances 208:217 Extracellular polymeric substances 184:217 Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 184:223 Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play a crucial role in the formation of activated sludge flocs. 25043794 1 10 theme Extracellular 184:196 arg1 EPS 220:222 EPS 220:222 EPS 220:222 Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play a crucial role in the formation of activated sludge flocs. 25043794 6 11 theme speed 1073:1077 arg1 treatment 1094:1102 ultrasonication-high speed centrifugation treatment 1052:1102 ultrasonication-high speed centrifugation treatment 1052:1102 A two-steps extraction strategy (cation exchange resin treatment followed by ultrasonication-high speed centrifugation treatment) was suggested to separate these two types of EPS in activated sludge flocs and the physicochemical characteristics of EMPS and ECPS were compared. 25043794 10 12 theme activated 1897:1905 arg1 flocs 1914:1918 activated sludge flocs 1897:1918 activated sludge flocs 1897:1918 All results reported herein demonstrated that two different types of exopolymers exist in the activated sludge flocs and the inter-particle forces for aggregation of activated sludge flocs are not identical between the floc level and the microcolony level. 25043794 9 13 theme fluorescent 1643:1653 arg1 expressions 1655:1665 different fluorescent expressions 1633:1665 different fluorescent expressions 1633:1665 The result of excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy analysis also showed that the EMPS and the ECPS have different fluorescent expressions and the components of EMPS were more diverse than that of ECPS. 25043794 6 14 theme activated 1157:1165 arg1 flocs 1174:1178 activated sludge flocs 1157:1178 activated sludge flocs 1157:1178 A two-steps extraction strategy (cation exchange resin treatment followed by ultrasonication-high speed centrifugation treatment) was suggested to separate these two types of EPS in activated sludge flocs and the physicochemical characteristics of EMPS and ECPS were compared. 25043794 11 15 from crucial 2044:2050 arg1 flocculation 2066:2077 floc level flocculation 2055:2077 floc level flocculation 2055:2077 It suggested that cation bridging interactions are more crucial in floc level flocculation, while the entanglement and hydrophobic interactions are more important in microcolony level cohesion. 25043794 6 16 theme EPS 1150:1152 arg1 characteristics 1204:1218 the physicochemical characteristics 1184:1218 the physicochemical characteristics of EMPS 1184:1226 A two-steps extraction strategy (cation exchange resin treatment followed by ultrasonication-high speed centrifugation treatment) was suggested to separate these two types of EPS in activated sludge flocs and the physicochemical characteristics of EMPS and ECPS were compared. 25043794 6 16 theme EPS 1150:1152 arg1 types 1141:1145 these two types 1131:1145 these two types of EPS in activated sludge flocs 1131:1178 A two-steps extraction strategy (cation exchange resin treatment followed by ultrasonication-high speed centrifugation treatment) was suggested to separate these two types of EPS in activated sludge flocs and the physicochemical characteristics of EMPS and ECPS were compared. 25043794 5 17 theme exchange 814:821 arg1 treatment 829:837 cation exchange resin treatment 807:837 cation exchange resin treatment 807:837 It was found that cation exchange resin treatment is efficient to disintegrate the flocs for EMPS extraction, however, inefficient to disaggregate the microcolonies for ECPS harvesting. 25043794 11 18 theme bridging 2013:2020 arg1 interactions 2022:2033 cation bridging interactions 2006:2033 cation bridging interactions 2006:2033 It suggested that cation bridging interactions are more crucial in floc level flocculation, while the entanglement and hydrophobic interactions are more important in microcolony level cohesion. 25043794 5 19 theme ECPS 958:961 arg1 harvesting 963:972 ECPS harvesting 958:972 ECPS harvesting 958:972 It was found that cation exchange resin treatment is efficient to disintegrate the flocs for EMPS extraction, however, inefficient to disaggregate the microcolonies for ECPS harvesting. 25043794 3 20 theme EPS 565:567 arg1 role 557:560 the role 553:560 the role of EPS in the formation of activated sludge flocs 553:610 In this paper, a new classification paradigm of EPS was proposed, which offered a novel approach to identify the role of EPS in the formation of activated sludge flocs. 25043794 9 21 theme EMPS 1689:1692 arg1 diverse 1704:1710 diverse 1704:1710 diverse 1704:1710 The result of excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy analysis also showed that the EMPS and the ECPS have different fluorescent expressions and the components of EMPS were more diverse than that of ECPS. 25043794 9 21 theme EMPS 1689:1692 arg1 components 1675:1684 the components 1671:1684 the components of EMPS 1671:1692 The result of excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy analysis also showed that the EMPS and the ECPS have different fluorescent expressions and the components of EMPS were more diverse than that of ECPS. 25043794 4 22 theme current 617:623 arg1 study 625:629 The current study 613:629 The current study 613:629 The current study gave an exploration to distinguish the EPS in the floc level (extra-microcolony polymers, EMPS) and in the microcolony level (extra-cellular polymers, ECPS). 25043794 10 23 theme floc 1950:1953 arg1 level 1955:1959 the floc level 1946:1959 the floc level 1946:1959 All results reported herein demonstrated that two different types of exopolymers exist in the activated sludge flocs and the inter-particle forces for aggregation of activated sludge flocs are not identical between the floc level and the microcolony level. 25043794 0 24 theme classification 6:19 arg1 paradigm 21:28 A new classification paradigm 0:28 A new classification paradigm of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge: separation and characterization of exopolymers between floc level and microcolony level. 0:182 A new classification paradigm of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge: separation and characterization of exopolymers between floc level and microcolony level. 25043794 11 25 theme microcolony 2154:2164 arg1 cohesion 2172:2179 microcolony level cohesion 2154:2179 microcolony level cohesion 2154:2179 It suggested that cation bridging interactions are more crucial in floc level flocculation, while the entanglement and hydrophobic interactions are more important in microcolony level cohesion. 25043794 10 26 theme microcolony 1969:1979 arg1 level 1981:1985 the microcolony level 1965:1985 the microcolony level 1965:1985 All results reported herein demonstrated that two different types of exopolymers exist in the activated sludge flocs and the inter-particle forces for aggregation of activated sludge flocs are not identical between the floc level and the microcolony level. 25043794 0 27 theme activated 77:85 arg1 sludge 87:92 activated sludge 77:92 activated sludge 77:92 A new classification paradigm of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge: separation and characterization of exopolymers between floc level and microcolony level. 25043794 8 28 theme molecular 1430:1438 arg1 weight 1440:1445 higher molecular weight 1423:1445 higher molecular weight proteins 1423:1454 The ECPS contained higher molecular weight proteins and more hydrophobic substances than the EMPS contained. 25043794 4 29 theme extra-microcolony 693:709 arg1 EMPS 721:724 EMPS 721:724 EMPS 721:724 The current study gave an exploration to distinguish the EPS in the floc level (extra-microcolony polymers, EMPS) and in the microcolony level (extra-cellular polymers, ECPS). 25043794 4 29 theme extra-microcolony 693:709 arg1 polymers 711:718 extra-microcolony polymers 693:718 extra-microcolony polymers 693:718 The current study gave an exploration to distinguish the EPS in the floc level (extra-microcolony polymers, EMPS) and in the microcolony level (extra-cellular polymers, ECPS). 25043794 3 30 from role 557:560 arg1 formation 576:584 the formation 572:584 the formation of activated sludge flocs 572:610 In this paper, a new classification paradigm of EPS was proposed, which offered a novel approach to identify the role of EPS in the formation of activated sludge flocs. 25043794 5 31 theme EMPS 882:885 arg1 extraction 887:896 EMPS extraction 882:896 EMPS extraction 882:896 It was found that cation exchange resin treatment is efficient to disintegrate the flocs for EMPS extraction, however, inefficient to disaggregate the microcolonies for ECPS harvesting. 25043794 10 32 theme activated 1825:1833 arg1 flocs 1842:1846 the activated sludge flocs 1821:1846 the activated sludge flocs 1821:1846 All results reported herein demonstrated that two different types of exopolymers exist in the activated sludge flocs and the inter-particle forces for aggregation of activated sludge flocs are not identical between the floc level and the microcolony level. 25043794 6 33 theme two-steps 977:985 arg1 strategy 998:1005 A two-steps extraction strategy 975:1005 A two-steps extraction strategy (cation exchange resin treatment followed by ultrasonication-high speed centrifugation treatment) 975:1103 A two-steps extraction strategy (cation exchange resin treatment followed by ultrasonication-high speed centrifugation treatment) was suggested to separate these two types of EPS in activated sludge flocs and the physicochemical characteristics of EMPS and ECPS were compared. 25043794 11 34 theme hydrophobic 2107:2117 arg1 interactions 2119:2130 the entanglement and hydrophobic interactions 2086:2130 the entanglement and hydrophobic interactions 2086:2130 It suggested that cation bridging interactions are more crucial in floc level flocculation, while the entanglement and hydrophobic interactions are more important in microcolony level cohesion. 25043794 11 34 theme hydrophobic 2107:2117 arg1 important 2141:2149 important 2141:2149 important 2141:2149 It suggested that cation bridging interactions are more crucial in floc level flocculation, while the entanglement and hydrophobic interactions are more important in microcolony level cohesion. 25043794 4 35 from EPS 670:672 arg1 level 686:690 the floc level 677:690 the floc level (extra-microcolony polymers, EMPS) 677:725 The current study gave an exploration to distinguish the EPS in the floc level (extra-microcolony polymers, EMPS) and in the microcolony level (extra-cellular polymers, ECPS). 25043794 4 35 from EPS 670:672 arg1 level 750:754 the microcolony level 734:754 the microcolony level (extra-cellular polymers, ECPS) 734:786 The current study gave an exploration to distinguish the EPS in the floc level (extra-microcolony polymers, EMPS) and in the microcolony level (extra-cellular polymers, ECPS). 25043794 11 36 theme entanglement 2090:2101 arg1 interactions 2119:2130 the entanglement and hydrophobic interactions 2086:2130 the entanglement and hydrophobic interactions 2086:2130 It suggested that cation bridging interactions are more crucial in floc level flocculation, while the entanglement and hydrophobic interactions are more important in microcolony level cohesion. 25043794 11 36 theme entanglement 2090:2101 arg1 important 2141:2149 important 2141:2149 important 2141:2149 It suggested that cation bridging interactions are more crucial in floc level flocculation, while the entanglement and hydrophobic interactions are more important in microcolony level cohesion. 25043794 4 37 dep level 750:754 arg1 ECPS 782:785 ECPS 782:785 ECPS 782:785 The current study gave an exploration to distinguish the EPS in the floc level (extra-microcolony polymers, EMPS) and in the microcolony level (extra-cellular polymers, ECPS). 25043794 4 37 dep level 750:754 arg1 polymers 772:779 extra-cellular polymers 757:779 extra-cellular polymers 757:779 The current study gave an exploration to distinguish the EPS in the floc level (extra-microcolony polymers, EMPS) and in the microcolony level (extra-cellular polymers, ECPS). 25043794 1 38 theme sludge 275:280 arg1 flocs 282:286 activated sludge flocs 265:286 activated sludge flocs 265:286 Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play a crucial role in the formation of activated sludge flocs. 25043794 2 39 theme composition 431:441 arg1 consideration 395:407 a theoretical consideration 381:407 a theoretical consideration of their function and composition 381:441 However, until now, the EPS are rather classified by the method used for extraction than by a theoretical consideration of their function and composition. 25043794 10 40 theme different 1781:1789 arg1 types 1791:1795 two different types 1777:1795 two different types of exopolymers 1777:1810 All results reported herein demonstrated that two different types of exopolymers exist in the activated sludge flocs and the inter-particle forces for aggregation of activated sludge flocs are not identical between the floc level and the microcolony level. 25043794 4 41 theme microcolony 738:748 arg1 level 750:754 the microcolony level 734:754 the microcolony level (extra-cellular polymers, ECPS) 734:786 The current study gave an exploration to distinguish the EPS in the floc level (extra-microcolony polymers, EMPS) and in the microcolony level (extra-cellular polymers, ECPS). 25043794 0 42 theme polymeric 47:55 arg1 EPS 69:71 EPS 69:71 EPS 69:71 A new classification paradigm of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge: separation and characterization of exopolymers between floc level and microcolony level. 25043794 0 42 theme polymeric 47:55 arg1 substances 57:66 extracellular polymeric substances 33:66 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 33:72 A new classification paradigm of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge: separation and characterization of exopolymers between floc level and microcolony level. 25043794 9 43 theme excitation-emission 1527:1545 arg1 spectroscopy 1567:1578 excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy 1527:1578 excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy analysis 1527:1587 The result of excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy analysis also showed that the EMPS and the ECPS have different fluorescent expressions and the components of EMPS were more diverse than that of ECPS. 25043794 6 44 from characteristics 1204:1218 arg1 flocs 1174:1178 activated sludge flocs 1157:1178 activated sludge flocs 1157:1178 A two-steps extraction strategy (cation exchange resin treatment followed by ultrasonication-high speed centrifugation treatment) was suggested to separate these two types of EPS in activated sludge flocs and the physicochemical characteristics of EMPS and ECPS were compared. 25043794 9 45 theme fluorescence 1554:1565 arg1 spectroscopy 1567:1578 excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy 1527:1578 excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy analysis 1527:1587 The result of excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy analysis also showed that the EMPS and the ECPS have different fluorescent expressions and the components of EMPS were more diverse than that of ECPS. 25043794 6 46 theme resin 1024:1028 arg1 treatment 1030:1038 cation exchange resin treatment 1008:1038 cation exchange resin treatment followed by ultrasonication-high speed centrifugation treatment 1008:1102 A two-steps extraction strategy (cation exchange resin treatment followed by ultrasonication-high speed centrifugation treatment) was suggested to separate these two types of EPS in activated sludge flocs and the physicochemical characteristics of EMPS and ECPS were compared. 25043794 3 47 theme sludge 599:604 arg1 flocs 606:610 activated sludge flocs 589:610 activated sludge flocs 589:610 In this paper, a new classification paradigm of EPS was proposed, which offered a novel approach to identify the role of EPS in the formation of activated sludge flocs. 25043794 3 48 theme classification 465:478 arg1 paradigm 480:487 a new classification paradigm 459:487 a new classification paradigm of EPS 459:494 In this paper, a new classification paradigm of EPS was proposed, which offered a novel approach to identify the role of EPS in the formation of activated sludge flocs. 25043794 9 49 theme analysis 1580:1587 arg1 result 1517:1522 The result 1513:1522 The result of excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy analysis 1513:1587 The result of excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy analysis also showed that the EMPS and the ECPS have different fluorescent expressions and the components of EMPS were more diverse than that of ECPS. 25043794 6 50 theme cation 1008:1013 arg1 resin 1024:1028 cation exchange resin 1008:1028 cation exchange resin treatment followed by ultrasonication-high speed centrifugation treatment 1008:1102 A two-steps extraction strategy (cation exchange resin treatment followed by ultrasonication-high speed centrifugation treatment) was suggested to separate these two types of EPS in activated sludge flocs and the physicochemical characteristics of EMPS and ECPS were compared. 25043794 6 51 theme EMPS 1223:1226 arg1 characteristics 1204:1218 the physicochemical characteristics 1184:1218 the physicochemical characteristics of EMPS 1184:1226 A two-steps extraction strategy (cation exchange resin treatment followed by ultrasonication-high speed centrifugation treatment) was suggested to separate these two types of EPS in activated sludge flocs and the physicochemical characteristics of EMPS and ECPS were compared. 25043794 6 51 theme EMPS 1223:1226 arg1 types 1141:1145 these two types 1131:1145 these two types of EPS in activated sludge flocs 1131:1178 A two-steps extraction strategy (cation exchange resin treatment followed by ultrasonication-high speed centrifugation treatment) was suggested to separate these two types of EPS in activated sludge flocs and the physicochemical characteristics of EMPS and ECPS were compared. 25043794 6 52 from flocs 1174:1178 arg1 characteristics 1204:1218 the physicochemical characteristics 1184:1218 the physicochemical characteristics of EMPS 1184:1226 A two-steps extraction strategy (cation exchange resin treatment followed by ultrasonication-high speed centrifugation treatment) was suggested to separate these two types of EPS in activated sludge flocs and the physicochemical characteristics of EMPS and ECPS were compared. 25043794 6 52 from flocs 1174:1178 arg1 types 1141:1145 these two types 1131:1145 these two types of EPS in activated sludge flocs 1131:1178 A two-steps extraction strategy (cation exchange resin treatment followed by ultrasonication-high speed centrifugation treatment) was suggested to separate these two types of EPS in activated sludge flocs and the physicochemical characteristics of EMPS and ECPS were compared. 25043794 11 53 theme level 2060:2064 arg1 flocculation 2066:2077 floc level flocculation 2055:2077 floc level flocculation 2055:2077 It suggested that cation bridging interactions are more crucial in floc level flocculation, while the entanglement and hydrophobic interactions are more important in microcolony level cohesion. 25043794 10 54 theme sludge 1835:1840 arg1 flocs 1842:1846 the activated sludge flocs 1821:1846 the activated sludge flocs 1821:1846 All results reported herein demonstrated that two different types of exopolymers exist in the activated sludge flocs and the inter-particle forces for aggregation of activated sludge flocs are not identical between the floc level and the microcolony level. 25043794 7 55 theme proteins 1350:1357 arg1 weight 1340:1345 the molecular weight 1326:1345 the molecular weight of proteins in EMPS and ECPS 1326:1374 The protein/polysaccharide ratio of ECPS was higher than that of EMPS and the molecular weight of proteins in EMPS and ECPS were found to be different. 25043794 7 55 theme proteins 1350:1357 arg1 different 1393:1401 different 1393:1401 different 1393:1401 The protein/polysaccharide ratio of ECPS was higher than that of EMPS and the molecular weight of proteins in EMPS and ECPS were found to be different. 25043794 10 56 theme inter-particle 1856:1869 arg1 forces 1871:1876 the inter-particle forces 1852:1876 the inter-particle forces for aggregation of activated sludge flocs 1852:1918 All results reported herein demonstrated that two different types of exopolymers exist in the activated sludge flocs and the inter-particle forces for aggregation of activated sludge flocs are not identical between the floc level and the microcolony level. 25043794 10 56 theme inter-particle 1856:1869 arg1 identical 1928:1936 identical 1928:1936 identical 1928:1936 All results reported herein demonstrated that two different types of exopolymers exist in the activated sludge flocs and the inter-particle forces for aggregation of activated sludge flocs are not identical between the floc level and the microcolony level. 25043794 11 57 from flocculation 2066:2077 arg1 crucial 2044:2050 crucial 2044:2050 crucial 2044:2050 It suggested that cation bridging interactions are more crucial in floc level flocculation, while the entanglement and hydrophobic interactions are more important in microcolony level cohesion. 25043794 7 58 from ECPS 1371:1374 arg1 weight 1340:1345 the molecular weight 1326:1345 the molecular weight of proteins in EMPS and ECPS 1326:1374 The protein/polysaccharide ratio of ECPS was higher than that of EMPS and the molecular weight of proteins in EMPS and ECPS were found to be different. 25043794 7 58 from ECPS 1371:1374 arg1 different 1393:1401 different 1393:1401 different 1393:1401 The protein/polysaccharide ratio of ECPS was higher than that of EMPS and the molecular weight of proteins in EMPS and ECPS were found to be different. 25043794 4 59 theme extra-cellular 757:770 arg1 ECPS 782:785 ECPS 782:785 ECPS 782:785 The current study gave an exploration to distinguish the EPS in the floc level (extra-microcolony polymers, EMPS) and in the microcolony level (extra-cellular polymers, ECPS). 25043794 4 59 theme extra-cellular 757:770 arg1 polymers 772:779 extra-cellular polymers 757:779 extra-cellular polymers 757:779 The current study gave an exploration to distinguish the EPS in the floc level (extra-microcolony polymers, EMPS) and in the microcolony level (extra-cellular polymers, ECPS). 25043794 6 60 theme centrifugation 1079:1092 arg1 treatment 1094:1102 ultrasonication-high speed centrifugation treatment 1052:1102 ultrasonication-high speed centrifugation treatment 1052:1102 A two-steps extraction strategy (cation exchange resin treatment followed by ultrasonication-high speed centrifugation treatment) was suggested to separate these two types of EPS in activated sludge flocs and the physicochemical characteristics of EMPS and ECPS were compared. 25043794 8 61 contain contained 1413:1421 arg2 proteins 1447:1454 higher molecular weight proteins 1423:1454 higher molecular weight proteins 1423:1454 The ECPS contained higher molecular weight proteins and more hydrophobic substances than the EMPS contained. 25043794 8 61 contain contained 1413:1421 arg1 ECPS 1408:1411 The ECPS 1404:1411 The ECPS 1404:1411 The ECPS contained higher molecular weight proteins and more hydrophobic substances than the EMPS contained. 25043794 8 61 contain contained 1413:1421 arg2 substances 1477:1486 more hydrophobic substances 1460:1486 more hydrophobic substances 1460:1486 The ECPS contained higher molecular weight proteins and more hydrophobic substances than the EMPS contained. 25043794 10 62 theme sludge 1907:1912 arg1 flocs 1914:1918 activated sludge flocs 1897:1918 activated sludge flocs 1897:1918 All results reported herein demonstrated that two different types of exopolymers exist in the activated sludge flocs and the inter-particle forces for aggregation of activated sludge flocs are not identical between the floc level and the microcolony level. 25043794 1 63 theme polymeric 198:206 arg1 substances 208:217 Extracellular polymeric substances 184:217 Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 184:223 Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play a crucial role in the formation of activated sludge flocs. 25043794 1 63 theme polymeric 198:206 arg1 EPS 220:222 EPS 220:222 EPS 220:222 Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play a crucial role in the formation of activated sludge flocs. 25043794 9 64 theme different 1633:1641 arg1 expressions 1655:1665 different fluorescent expressions 1633:1665 different fluorescent expressions 1633:1665 The result of excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy analysis also showed that the EMPS and the ECPS have different fluorescent expressions and the components of EMPS were more diverse than that of ECPS. 25043794 6 65 theme ultrasonication-high 1052:1071 arg1 treatment 1094:1102 ultrasonication-high speed centrifugation treatment 1052:1102 ultrasonication-high speed centrifugation treatment 1052:1102 A two-steps extraction strategy (cation exchange resin treatment followed by ultrasonication-high speed centrifugation treatment) was suggested to separate these two types of EPS in activated sludge flocs and the physicochemical characteristics of EMPS and ECPS were compared. 25043794 0 66 theme exopolymers 130:140 arg1 characterization 110:125 characterization 110:125 characterization 110:125 A new classification paradigm of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge: separation and characterization of exopolymers between floc level and microcolony level. 25043794 0 66 theme exopolymers 130:140 arg1 separation 95:104 separation 95:104 separation 95:104 A new classification paradigm of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge: separation and characterization of exopolymers between floc level and microcolony level. 25043794 0 67 theme floc 150:153 arg1 level 155:159 floc level 150:159 floc level 150:159 A new classification paradigm of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge: separation and characterization of exopolymers between floc level and microcolony level. 25043794 3 68 theme novel 526:530 arg1 approach 532:539 a novel approach 524:539 a novel approach to identify the role of EPS in the formation of activated sludge flocs 524:610 In this paper, a new classification paradigm of EPS was proposed, which offered a novel approach to identify the role of EPS in the formation of activated sludge flocs. 25043794 5 69 theme cation 807:812 arg1 exchange 814:821 cation exchange 807:821 cation exchange resin treatment 807:837 It was found that cation exchange resin treatment is efficient to disintegrate the flocs for EMPS extraction, however, inefficient to disaggregate the microcolonies for ECPS harvesting. 25043794 6 70 from EPS 1150:1152 arg1 flocs 1174:1178 activated sludge flocs 1157:1178 activated sludge flocs 1157:1178 A two-steps extraction strategy (cation exchange resin treatment followed by ultrasonication-high speed centrifugation treatment) was suggested to separate these two types of EPS in activated sludge flocs and the physicochemical characteristics of EMPS and ECPS were compared. 25043794 0 71 dep paradigm 21:28 arg1 characterization 110:125 characterization 110:125 characterization 110:125 A new classification paradigm of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge: separation and characterization of exopolymers between floc level and microcolony level. 25043794 0 71 dep paradigm 21:28 arg1 separation 95:104 separation 95:104 separation 95:104 A new classification paradigm of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge: separation and characterization of exopolymers between floc level and microcolony level. 25043794 5 72 theme resin 823:827 arg1 treatment 829:837 cation exchange resin treatment 807:837 cation exchange resin treatment 807:837 It was found that cation exchange resin treatment is efficient to disintegrate the flocs for EMPS extraction, however, inefficient to disaggregate the microcolonies for ECPS harvesting. 25043794 7 73 from weight 1340:1345 arg1 ECPS 1371:1374 ECPS 1371:1374 ECPS 1371:1374 The protein/polysaccharide ratio of ECPS was higher than that of EMPS and the molecular weight of proteins in EMPS and ECPS were found to be different. 25043794 7 73 from weight 1340:1345 arg1 EMPS 1362:1365 EMPS 1362:1365 EMPS 1362:1365 The protein/polysaccharide ratio of ECPS was higher than that of EMPS and the molecular weight of proteins in EMPS and ECPS were found to be different. 25043794 0 74 from paradigm 21:28 arg1 sludge 87:92 activated sludge 77:92 activated sludge 77:92 A new classification paradigm of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge: separation and characterization of exopolymers between floc level and microcolony level. 25043794 7 75 theme ECPS 1288:1291 arg1 higher 1297:1302 higher 1297:1302 higher 1297:1302 The protein/polysaccharide ratio of ECPS was higher than that of EMPS and the molecular weight of proteins in EMPS and ECPS were found to be different. 25043794 7 75 theme ECPS 1288:1291 arg1 ratio 1279:1283 The protein/polysaccharide ratio 1252:1283 The protein/polysaccharide ratio of ECPS 1252:1291 The protein/polysaccharide ratio of ECPS was higher than that of EMPS and the molecular weight of proteins in EMPS and ECPS were found to be different. 25043794 4 76 dep level 686:690 arg1 EMPS 721:724 EMPS 721:724 EMPS 721:724 The current study gave an exploration to distinguish the EPS in the floc level (extra-microcolony polymers, EMPS) and in the microcolony level (extra-cellular polymers, ECPS). 25043794 4 76 dep level 686:690 arg1 polymers 711:718 extra-microcolony polymers 693:718 extra-microcolony polymers 693:718 The current study gave an exploration to distinguish the EPS in the floc level (extra-microcolony polymers, EMPS) and in the microcolony level (extra-cellular polymers, ECPS). 25043794 7 77 from proteins 1350:1357 arg1 ECPS 1371:1374 ECPS 1371:1374 ECPS 1371:1374 The protein/polysaccharide ratio of ECPS was higher than that of EMPS and the molecular weight of proteins in EMPS and ECPS were found to be different. 25043794 7 77 from proteins 1350:1357 arg1 EMPS 1362:1365 EMPS 1362:1365 EMPS 1362:1365 The protein/polysaccharide ratio of ECPS was higher than that of EMPS and the molecular weight of proteins in EMPS and ECPS were found to be different. 25043794 11 78 theme level 2166:2170 arg1 cohesion 2172:2179 microcolony level cohesion 2154:2179 microcolony level cohesion 2154:2179 It suggested that cation bridging interactions are more crucial in floc level flocculation, while the entanglement and hydrophobic interactions are more important in microcolony level cohesion. 25043794 8 79 theme higher 1423:1428 arg1 weight 1440:1445 higher molecular weight 1423:1445 higher molecular weight proteins 1423:1454 The ECPS contained higher molecular weight proteins and more hydrophobic substances than the EMPS contained. 25043794 11 80 from cohesion 2172:2179 arg1 interactions 2119:2130 the entanglement and hydrophobic interactions 2086:2130 the entanglement and hydrophobic interactions 2086:2130 It suggested that cation bridging interactions are more crucial in floc level flocculation, while the entanglement and hydrophobic interactions are more important in microcolony level cohesion. 25043794 11 80 from cohesion 2172:2179 arg1 important 2141:2149 important 2141:2149 important 2141:2149 It suggested that cation bridging interactions are more crucial in floc level flocculation, while the entanglement and hydrophobic interactions are more important in microcolony level cohesion. 25043794 6 81 from types 1141:1145 arg1 flocs 1174:1178 activated sludge flocs 1157:1178 activated sludge flocs 1157:1178 A two-steps extraction strategy (cation exchange resin treatment followed by ultrasonication-high speed centrifugation treatment) was suggested to separate these two types of EPS in activated sludge flocs and the physicochemical characteristics of EMPS and ECPS were compared. 25043794 7 82 from EMPS 1362:1365 arg1 weight 1340:1345 the molecular weight 1326:1345 the molecular weight of proteins in EMPS and ECPS 1326:1374 The protein/polysaccharide ratio of ECPS was higher than that of EMPS and the molecular weight of proteins in EMPS and ECPS were found to be different. 25043794 7 82 from EMPS 1362:1365 arg1 different 1393:1401 different 1393:1401 different 1393:1401 The protein/polysaccharide ratio of ECPS was higher than that of EMPS and the molecular weight of proteins in EMPS and ECPS were found to be different. 25043794 8 83 theme weight 1440:1445 arg1 proteins 1447:1454 higher molecular weight proteins 1423:1454 higher molecular weight proteins 1423:1454 The ECPS contained higher molecular weight proteins and more hydrophobic substances than the EMPS contained. 25043794 4 84 theme floc 681:684 arg1 level 686:690 the floc level 677:690 the floc level (extra-microcolony polymers, EMPS) 677:725 The current study gave an exploration to distinguish the EPS in the floc level (extra-microcolony polymers, EMPS) and in the microcolony level (extra-cellular polymers, ECPS). 25043794 7 85 theme protein/polysaccharide 1256:1277 arg1 higher 1297:1302 higher 1297:1302 higher 1297:1302 The protein/polysaccharide ratio of ECPS was higher than that of EMPS and the molecular weight of proteins in EMPS and ECPS were found to be different. 25043794 7 85 theme protein/polysaccharide 1256:1277 arg1 ratio 1279:1283 The protein/polysaccharide ratio 1252:1283 The protein/polysaccharide ratio of ECPS 1252:1291 The protein/polysaccharide ratio of ECPS was higher than that of EMPS and the molecular weight of proteins in EMPS and ECPS were found to be different. 25043794 0 86 theme new 2:4 arg1 paradigm 21:28 A new classification paradigm 0:28 A new classification paradigm of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge: separation and characterization of exopolymers between floc level and microcolony level. 0:182 A new classification paradigm of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge: separation and characterization of exopolymers between floc level and microcolony level. 25043794 8 87 theme hydrophobic 1465:1475 arg1 substances 1477:1486 more hydrophobic substances 1460:1486 more hydrophobic substances 1460:1486 The ECPS contained higher molecular weight proteins and more hydrophobic substances than the EMPS contained. 25043794 1 88 theme activated 265:273 arg1 flocs 282:286 activated sludge flocs 265:286 activated sludge flocs 265:286 Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play a crucial role in the formation of activated sludge flocs. 25043794 2 89 theme theoretical 383:393 arg1 consideration 395:407 a theoretical consideration 381:407 a theoretical consideration of their function and composition 381:441 However, until now, the EPS are rather classified by the method used for extraction than by a theoretical consideration of their function and composition. 25043794 10 90 theme exopolymers 1800:1810 arg1 types 1791:1795 two different types 1777:1795 two different types of exopolymers 1777:1810 All results reported herein demonstrated that two different types of exopolymers exist in the activated sludge flocs and the inter-particle forces for aggregation of activated sludge flocs are not identical between the floc level and the microcolony level. 25043794 0 91 theme extracellular 33:45 arg1 EPS 69:71 EPS 69:71 EPS 69:71 A new classification paradigm of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge: separation and characterization of exopolymers between floc level and microcolony level. 25043794 0 91 theme extracellular 33:45 arg1 substances 57:66 extracellular polymeric substances 33:66 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 33:72 A new classification paradigm of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge: separation and characterization of exopolymers between floc level and microcolony level. 25043794 1 92 theme flocs 282:286 arg1 formation 252:260 the formation 248:260 the formation of activated sludge flocs 248:286 Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play a crucial role in the formation of activated sludge flocs. 25043794 6 93 theme extraction 987:996 arg1 strategy 998:1005 A two-steps extraction strategy 975:1005 A two-steps extraction strategy (cation exchange resin treatment followed by ultrasonication-high speed centrifugation treatment) 975:1103 A two-steps extraction strategy (cation exchange resin treatment followed by ultrasonication-high speed centrifugation treatment) was suggested to separate these two types of EPS in activated sludge flocs and the physicochemical characteristics of EMPS and ECPS were compared. 25043794 6 94 dep strategy 998:1005 arg1 treatment 1030:1038 cation exchange resin treatment 1008:1038 cation exchange resin treatment followed by ultrasonication-high speed centrifugation treatment 1008:1102 A two-steps extraction strategy (cation exchange resin treatment followed by ultrasonication-high speed centrifugation treatment) was suggested to separate these two types of EPS in activated sludge flocs and the physicochemical characteristics of EMPS and ECPS were compared. 25043794 0 95 theme substances 57:66 arg1 paradigm 21:28 A new classification paradigm 0:28 A new classification paradigm of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge: separation and characterization of exopolymers between floc level and microcolony level. 0:182 A new classification paradigm of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge: separation and characterization of exopolymers between floc level and microcolony level. 25043794 2 96 theme function 418:425 arg1 consideration 395:407 a theoretical consideration 381:407 a theoretical consideration of their function and composition 381:441 However, until now, the EPS are rather classified by the method used for extraction than by a theoretical consideration of their function and composition. 25043794 3 97 theme flocs 606:610 arg1 formation 576:584 the formation 572:584 the formation of activated sludge flocs 572:610 In this paper, a new classification paradigm of EPS was proposed, which offered a novel approach to identify the role of EPS in the formation of activated sludge flocs. 25043794 9 98 theme matrix 1547:1552 arg1 spectroscopy 1567:1578 excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy 1527:1578 excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy analysis 1527:1587 The result of excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy analysis also showed that the EMPS and the ECPS have different fluorescent expressions and the components of EMPS were more diverse than that of ECPS. 25043794 3 99 theme activated 589:597 arg1 flocs 606:610 activated sludge flocs 589:610 activated sludge flocs 589:610 In this paper, a new classification paradigm of EPS was proposed, which offered a novel approach to identify the role of EPS in the formation of activated sludge flocs. 25043794 9 100 contain have 1628:1631 arg2 expressions 1655:1665 different fluorescent expressions 1633:1665 different fluorescent expressions 1633:1665 The result of excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy analysis also showed that the EMPS and the ECPS have different fluorescent expressions and the components of EMPS were more diverse than that of ECPS. 25043794 9 100 contain have 1628:1631 arg1 EMPS 1610:1613 the EMPS 1606:1613 the EMPS 1606:1613 The result of excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy analysis also showed that the EMPS and the ECPS have different fluorescent expressions and the components of EMPS were more diverse than that of ECPS. 25043794 9 100 contain have 1628:1631 arg1 ECPS 1623:1626 the ECPS 1619:1626 the ECPS 1619:1626 The result of excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy analysis also showed that the EMPS and the ECPS have different fluorescent expressions and the components of EMPS were more diverse than that of ECPS. 25043794 9 101 theme spectroscopy 1567:1578 arg1 analysis 1580:1587 excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy analysis 1527:1587 excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy analysis 1527:1587 The result of excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy analysis also showed that the EMPS and the ECPS have different fluorescent expressions and the components of EMPS were more diverse than that of ECPS. 25043794 6 102 theme exchange 1015:1022 arg1 resin 1024:1028 cation exchange resin 1008:1028 cation exchange resin treatment followed by ultrasonication-high speed centrifugation treatment 1008:1102 A two-steps extraction strategy (cation exchange resin treatment followed by ultrasonication-high speed centrifugation treatment) was suggested to separate these two types of EPS in activated sludge flocs and the physicochemical characteristics of EMPS and ECPS were compared. 25043794 1 103 theme crucial 232:238 arg1 role 240:243 a crucial role 230:243 a crucial role 230:243 Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play a crucial role in the formation of activated sludge flocs. 26572338 4 0 theme aqueous 613:619 arg1 medium 621:626 the aqueous medium 609:626 the aqueous medium 609:626 The solubility of CSG increased slightly with temperature and pH of the aqueous medium. 26572338 1 1 theme seed 128:131 arg1 coat 133:136 the seed coat 124:136 the seed coat 124:136 Chia seed gum (CSG) was extracted from the seed coat of Salvia hispanica, purified in the laboratory and its chemical composition and functional properties were investigated. 26572338 5 2 dep exhibited 722:730 arg1 times 766:770 23 times 763:770 23 times of its own weight 763:788 CSG was able to resist pyrolytic decomposition at temperatures well in excess of 250 °C, and exhibited a high water holding capacity (23 times of its own weight). 26572338 5 3 theme own 779:781 arg1 weight 783:788 its own weight 775:788 its own weight 775:788 CSG was able to resist pyrolytic decomposition at temperatures well in excess of 250 °C, and exhibited a high water holding capacity (23 times of its own weight). 26572338 5 4 theme weight 783:788 arg1 times 766:770 23 times 763:770 23 times of its own weight 763:788 CSG was able to resist pyrolytic decomposition at temperatures well in excess of 250 °C, and exhibited a high water holding capacity (23 times of its own weight). 26572338 1 5 theme functional 219:228 arg1 properties 230:239 functional properties 219:239 functional properties 219:239 Chia seed gum (CSG) was extracted from the seed coat of Salvia hispanica, purified in the laboratory and its chemical composition and functional properties were investigated. 26572338 6 6 theme CSG 974:976 arg1 thickener 994:1002 an effective thickener 981:1002 an effective thickener 981:1002 The surface activity and emulsifying properties of CSG were found to be either superior or comparable to other common gums and industrial polysaccharides indicating the potential of CSG as an effective thickener and stabilizer of processed foods. 26572338 6 6 theme CSG 974:976 arg1 potential 961:969 the potential 957:969 the potential of CSG 957:976 The surface activity and emulsifying properties of CSG were found to be either superior or comparable to other common gums and industrial polysaccharides indicating the potential of CSG as an effective thickener and stabilizer of processed foods. 26572338 3 7 theme CSG 495:497 arg1 solution 499:506 the CSG solution 491:506 the CSG solution 491:506 The presence of uronic acids was reflected in the anionic behavior of the CSG solution over a wide range of pH (≥ 1.8). 26572338 1 8 theme Chia 85:88 arg1 CSG 100:102 CSG 100:102 CSG 100:102 Chia seed gum (CSG) was extracted from the seed coat of Salvia hispanica, purified in the laboratory and its chemical composition and functional properties were investigated. 26572338 1 8 theme Chia 85:88 arg1 gum 95:97 Chia seed gum 85:97 Chia seed gum (CSG) 85:103 Chia seed gum (CSG) was extracted from the seed coat of Salvia hispanica, purified in the laboratory and its chemical composition and functional properties were investigated. 26572338 6 9 theme foods 1032:1036 arg1 thickener 994:1002 an effective thickener 981:1002 an effective thickener 981:1002 The surface activity and emulsifying properties of CSG were found to be either superior or comparable to other common gums and industrial polysaccharides indicating the potential of CSG as an effective thickener and stabilizer of processed foods. 26572338 6 9 theme foods 1032:1036 arg1 potential 961:969 the potential 957:969 the potential of CSG 957:976 The surface activity and emulsifying properties of CSG were found to be either superior or comparable to other common gums and industrial polysaccharides indicating the potential of CSG as an effective thickener and stabilizer of processed foods. 26572338 6 9 theme foods 1032:1036 arg1 stabilizer 1008:1017 stabilizer 1008:1017 stabilizer 1008:1017 The surface activity and emulsifying properties of CSG were found to be either superior or comparable to other common gums and industrial polysaccharides indicating the potential of CSG as an effective thickener and stabilizer of processed foods. 26572338 3 10 theme solution 499:506 arg1 behavior 479:486 the anionic behavior 467:486 the anionic behavior of the CSG solution 467:506 The presence of uronic acids was reflected in the anionic behavior of the CSG solution over a wide range of pH (≥ 1.8). 26572338 6 11 theme effective 984:992 arg1 thickener 994:1002 an effective thickener 981:1002 an effective thickener 981:1002 The surface activity and emulsifying properties of CSG were found to be either superior or comparable to other common gums and industrial polysaccharides indicating the potential of CSG as an effective thickener and stabilizer of processed foods. 26572338 6 11 theme effective 984:992 arg1 potential 961:969 the potential 957:969 the potential of CSG 957:976 The surface activity and emulsifying properties of CSG were found to be either superior or comparable to other common gums and industrial polysaccharides indicating the potential of CSG as an effective thickener and stabilizer of processed foods. 26572338 5 12 theme pyrolytic 652:660 arg1 decomposition 662:674 pyrolytic decomposition 652:674 pyrolytic decomposition at temperatures 652:690 CSG was able to resist pyrolytic decomposition at temperatures well in excess of 250 °C, and exhibited a high water holding capacity (23 times of its own weight). 26572338 5 13 theme °C 714:715 arg1 excess 700:705 excess 700:705 excess of 250 °C 700:715 CSG was able to resist pyrolytic decomposition at temperatures well in excess of 250 °C, and exhibited a high water holding capacity (23 times of its own weight). 26572338 3 14 theme wide 515:518 arg1 range 520:524 a wide range 513:524 a wide range of pH (≥ 1.8) 513:538 The presence of uronic acids was reflected in the anionic behavior of the CSG solution over a wide range of pH (≥ 1.8). 26572338 1 15 theme hispanica 148:156 arg1 coat 133:136 the seed coat 124:136 the seed coat 124:136 Chia seed gum (CSG) was extracted from the seed coat of Salvia hispanica, purified in the laboratory and its chemical composition and functional properties were investigated. 26572338 2 16 theme monosaccharide 399:412 arg1 units 414:418 monosaccharide units 399:418 monosaccharide units 399:418 CSG was found to comprise 93.8% carbohydrate consisting of xylose, glucose, arabinose, galactose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid as monosaccharide units. 26572338 1 17 theme seed 90:93 arg1 CSG 100:102 CSG 100:102 CSG 100:102 Chia seed gum (CSG) was extracted from the seed coat of Salvia hispanica, purified in the laboratory and its chemical composition and functional properties were investigated. 26572338 1 17 theme seed 90:93 arg1 gum 95:97 Chia seed gum 85:97 Chia seed gum (CSG) 85:103 Chia seed gum (CSG) was extracted from the seed coat of Salvia hispanica, purified in the laboratory and its chemical composition and functional properties were investigated. 26572338 6 18 dep activity 804:811 arg1 The 792:794 The 792:794 The 792:794 The surface activity and emulsifying properties of CSG were found to be either superior or comparable to other common gums and industrial polysaccharides indicating the potential of CSG as an effective thickener and stabilizer of processed foods. 26572338 6 19 theme processed 1022:1030 arg1 foods 1032:1036 processed foods 1022:1036 processed foods 1022:1036 The surface activity and emulsifying properties of CSG were found to be either superior or comparable to other common gums and industrial polysaccharides indicating the potential of CSG as an effective thickener and stabilizer of processed foods. 26572338 2 20 theme galacturonic 378:389 arg1 acid 391:394 galacturonic acid 378:394 galacturonic acid 378:394 CSG was found to comprise 93.8% carbohydrate consisting of xylose, glucose, arabinose, galactose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid as monosaccharide units. 26572338 0 21 theme functional 14:23 arg1 characteristics 25:39 functional characteristics 14:39 functional characteristics 14:39 Molecular and functional characteristics of purified gum from Australian chia seeds. 26572338 6 22 theme CSG 843:845 arg1 activity 804:811 surface activity 796:811 surface activity 796:811 The surface activity and emulsifying properties of CSG were found to be either superior or comparable to other common gums and industrial polysaccharides indicating the potential of CSG as an effective thickener and stabilizer of processed foods. 26572338 6 22 theme CSG 843:845 arg1 properties 829:838 emulsifying properties 817:838 emulsifying properties 817:838 The surface activity and emulsifying properties of CSG were found to be either superior or comparable to other common gums and industrial polysaccharides indicating the potential of CSG as an effective thickener and stabilizer of processed foods. 26572338 5 23 theme high 734:737 arg1 capacity 753:760 a high water holding capacity 732:760 a high water holding capacity 732:760 CSG was able to resist pyrolytic decomposition at temperatures well in excess of 250 °C, and exhibited a high water holding capacity (23 times of its own weight). 26572338 0 24 theme purified 44:51 arg1 gum 53:55 purified gum 44:55 purified gum 44:55 Molecular and functional characteristics of purified gum from Australian chia seeds. 26572338 0 25 from seeds 78:82 arg1 Molecular 0:8 Molecular 0:8 Molecular 0:8 Molecular and functional characteristics of purified gum from Australian chia seeds. 26572338 0 25 from seeds 78:82 arg1 characteristics 25:39 functional characteristics 14:39 functional characteristics 14:39 Molecular and functional characteristics of purified gum from Australian chia seeds. 26572338 5 26 theme water 739:743 arg1 capacity 753:760 a high water holding capacity 732:760 a high water holding capacity 732:760 CSG was able to resist pyrolytic decomposition at temperatures well in excess of 250 °C, and exhibited a high water holding capacity (23 times of its own weight). 26572338 5 27 theme holding 745:751 arg1 capacity 753:760 a high water holding capacity 732:760 a high water holding capacity 732:760 CSG was able to resist pyrolytic decomposition at temperatures well in excess of 250 °C, and exhibited a high water holding capacity (23 times of its own weight). 26572338 2 28 theme glucuronic 358:367 arg1 acid 369:372 glucuronic acid 358:372 glucuronic acid 358:372 CSG was found to comprise 93.8% carbohydrate consisting of xylose, glucose, arabinose, galactose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid as monosaccharide units. 26572338 6 29 theme emulsifying 817:827 arg1 properties 829:838 emulsifying properties 817:838 emulsifying properties 817:838 The surface activity and emulsifying properties of CSG were found to be either superior or comparable to other common gums and industrial polysaccharides indicating the potential of CSG as an effective thickener and stabilizer of processed foods. 26572338 6 30 theme common 903:908 arg1 gums 910:913 other common gums 897:913 other common gums 897:913 The surface activity and emulsifying properties of CSG were found to be either superior or comparable to other common gums and industrial polysaccharides indicating the potential of CSG as an effective thickener and stabilizer of processed foods. 26572338 0 31 theme gum 53:55 arg1 Molecular 0:8 Molecular 0:8 Molecular 0:8 Molecular and functional characteristics of purified gum from Australian chia seeds. 26572338 0 31 theme gum 53:55 arg1 characteristics 25:39 functional characteristics 14:39 functional characteristics 14:39 Molecular and functional characteristics of purified gum from Australian chia seeds. 26572338 5 32 from temperatures 679:690 arg1 decomposition 662:674 pyrolytic decomposition 652:674 pyrolytic decomposition at temperatures 652:690 CSG was able to resist pyrolytic decomposition at temperatures well in excess of 250 °C, and exhibited a high water holding capacity (23 times of its own weight). 26572338 3 33 theme pH 529:530 arg1 range 520:524 a wide range 513:524 a wide range of pH (≥ 1.8) 513:538 The presence of uronic acids was reflected in the anionic behavior of the CSG solution over a wide range of pH (≥ 1.8). 26572338 4 34 theme medium 621:626 arg1 pH 603:604 pH 603:604 pH 603:604 The solubility of CSG increased slightly with temperature and pH of the aqueous medium. 26572338 4 34 theme medium 621:626 arg1 temperature 587:597 temperature 587:597 temperature 587:597 The solubility of CSG increased slightly with temperature and pH of the aqueous medium. 26572338 2 35 theme carbohydrate 292:303 arg1 % 290:290 93.8% carbohydrate 286:303 93.8% carbohydrate consisting of xylose, glucose, arabinose, galactose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid as monosaccharide units 286:418 CSG was found to comprise 93.8% carbohydrate consisting of xylose, glucose, arabinose, galactose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid as monosaccharide units. 26572338 6 36 theme other 897:901 arg1 gums 910:913 other common gums 897:913 other common gums 897:913 The surface activity and emulsifying properties of CSG were found to be either superior or comparable to other common gums and industrial polysaccharides indicating the potential of CSG as an effective thickener and stabilizer of processed foods. 26572338 3 37 theme acids 444:448 arg1 presence 425:432 The presence 421:432 The presence of uronic acids 421:448 The presence of uronic acids was reflected in the anionic behavior of the CSG solution over a wide range of pH (≥ 1.8). 26572338 3 38 theme uronic 437:442 arg1 acids 444:448 uronic acids 437:448 uronic acids 437:448 The presence of uronic acids was reflected in the anionic behavior of the CSG solution over a wide range of pH (≥ 1.8). 26572338 0 39 theme chia 73:76 arg1 seeds 78:82 Australian chia seeds 62:82 Australian chia seeds 62:82 Molecular and functional characteristics of purified gum from Australian chia seeds. 26572338 4 40 theme CSG 559:561 arg1 solubility 545:554 The solubility 541:554 The solubility of CSG 541:561 The solubility of CSG increased slightly with temperature and pH of the aqueous medium. 26572338 6 41 theme industrial 919:928 arg1 polysaccharides 930:944 industrial polysaccharides 919:944 industrial polysaccharides 919:944 The surface activity and emulsifying properties of CSG were found to be either superior or comparable to other common gums and industrial polysaccharides indicating the potential of CSG as an effective thickener and stabilizer of processed foods. 26572338 3 42 theme anionic 471:477 arg1 behavior 479:486 the anionic behavior 467:486 the anionic behavior of the CSG solution 467:506 The presence of uronic acids was reflected in the anionic behavior of the CSG solution over a wide range of pH (≥ 1.8). 26572338 1 43 theme chemical 194:201 arg1 composition 203:213 chemical composition 194:213 chemical composition 194:213 Chia seed gum (CSG) was extracted from the seed coat of Salvia hispanica, purified in the laboratory and its chemical composition and functional properties were investigated. 26572338 0 44 theme Australian 62:71 arg1 seeds 78:82 Australian chia seeds 62:82 Australian chia seeds 62:82 Molecular and functional characteristics of purified gum from Australian chia seeds. 26572338 6 45 theme surface 796:802 arg1 activity 804:811 surface activity 796:811 surface activity 796:811 The surface activity and emulsifying properties of CSG were found to be either superior or comparable to other common gums and industrial polysaccharides indicating the potential of CSG as an effective thickener and stabilizer of processed foods. 26020890 11 0 theme CP 1549:1550 arg1 content 1552:1558 total CP content 1543:1558 total CP content 1543:1558 Among the 8 wheat genotypes, standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP followed total CP content and ranged from 9.1 to 11.3% (as-fed basis). 26020890 15 1 theme other 2199:2203 arg1 fractions 2229:2237 fiber fractions 2223:2237 fiber fractions 2223:2237 Because SID and cSID of CP and most AA increased ( < 0.05) with lower test weight and falling number, these variables may aid to predict SID and cSID in wheat batches, whereas other nutrients such as fiber fractions are not suitable due to low variation among the 8 genotypes. 26020890 15 1 theme other 2199:2203 arg1 nutrients 2205:2213 other nutrients 2199:2213 other nutrients such as fiber fractions 2199:2237 Because SID and cSID of CP and most AA increased ( < 0.05) with lower test weight and falling number, these variables may aid to predict SID and cSID in wheat batches, whereas other nutrients such as fiber fractions are not suitable due to low variation among the 8 genotypes. 26020890 15 2 theme fiber 2223:2227 arg1 fractions 2229:2237 fiber fractions 2223:2237 fiber fractions 2223:2237 Because SID and cSID of CP and most AA increased ( < 0.05) with lower test weight and falling number, these variables may aid to predict SID and cSID in wheat batches, whereas other nutrients such as fiber fractions are not suitable due to low variation among the 8 genotypes. 26020890 7 3 from SID 983:985 arg1 genotypes 1002:1010 the 8 genotypes 996:1010 the 8 genotypes 996:1010 The SID of CP in the 8 genotypes ranged from 83 to 87%, with greatest ( = 0.01) values for Event and lowest ( = 0.01) for all other wheat genotypes. 26020890 16 4 theme comprehensive 2329:2341 arg1 database 2343:2350 a comprehensive database 2327:2350 a comprehensive database on nutritional composition and SID of CP and AA of 8 wheat genotypes grown under identical conditions 2327:2452 The present study provides a comprehensive database on nutritional composition and SID of CP and AA of 8 wheat genotypes grown under identical conditions. 26020890 4 5 theme d 745:745 arg1 pigs 721:724 9 pigs 719:724 9 pigs 719:724 Nine barrows with an initial BW of 32 ± 2 kg were surgically fitted with simple ileal T-cannulas and allotted to a row-column design with 9 pigs and 8 periods of 6 d each. 26020890 4 5 theme d 745:745 arg1 periods 732:738 8 periods 730:738 8 periods of 6 d each 730:750 Nine barrows with an initial BW of 32 ± 2 kg were surgically fitted with simple ileal T-cannulas and allotted to a row-column design with 9 pigs and 8 periods of 6 d each. 26020890 9 6 dep greater 1208:1214 arg1 < 1218:1218 < 0.05 1218:1223 < 0.05 1218:1223 For Lys, greater ( < 0.05) SID was observed in Adler (73%) and KWS Erasmus (74%) in comparison to Tommi, Tobak, and Mulan (69%). 26020890 17 7 theme digestibility 2541:2553 arg1 values 2555:2560 digestibility values 2541:2560 digestibility values in actual feed tables for wheat 2541:2592 Because the SID values in these genotypes are lower when compared to literature data, digestibility values in actual feed tables for wheat may overestimate their protein values and need to be updated. 26020890 15 8 theme test 2093:2096 arg1 weight 2098:2103 lower test weight 2087:2103 lower test weight 2087:2103 Because SID and cSID of CP and most AA increased ( < 0.05) with lower test weight and falling number, these variables may aid to predict SID and cSID in wheat batches, whereas other nutrients such as fiber fractions are not suitable due to low variation among the 8 genotypes. 26020890 15 9 theme wheat 2176:2180 arg1 batches 2182:2188 wheat batches 2176:2188 wheat batches 2176:2188 Because SID and cSID of CP and most AA increased ( < 0.05) with lower test weight and falling number, these variables may aid to predict SID and cSID in wheat batches, whereas other nutrients such as fiber fractions are not suitable due to low variation among the 8 genotypes. 26020890 13 10 dep lowest 1756:1761 arg1 < 1765:1765 < 1765:1765 < 0.001; except for His, Trp, Asp, and Cys 1765:1806 For most AA, Tabasco had the lowest ( < 0.001; except for His, Trp, Asp, and Cys) cSID values of all wheat genotypes. 26020890 7 11 dep = 1089:1089 arg1 0.01 1091:1094 0.01 1091:1094 0.01 1091:1094 The SID of CP in the 8 genotypes ranged from 83 to 87%, with greatest ( = 0.01) values for Event and lowest ( = 0.01) for all other wheat genotypes. 26020890 7 12 theme other 1105:1109 arg1 genotypes 1117:1125 all other wheat genotypes 1101:1125 all other wheat genotypes 1101:1125 The SID of CP in the 8 genotypes ranged from 83 to 87%, with greatest ( = 0.01) values for Event and lowest ( = 0.01) for all other wheat genotypes. 26020890 6 13 dep 9.4 958:960 arg1 to 955:956 to 955:956 to 955:956 Among the 8 wheat genotypes, contents of CP ranged from 10.9 to 13.3% (as-fed basis), whereas contents of total nonstarch polysaccharides ranged from 8.0 to 9.4% (as-fed basis). 26020890 13 14 theme genotypes 1834:1842 arg1 values 1814:1819 the lowest ( < 0.001; except for His, Trp, Asp, and Cys) cSID values 1752:1819 the lowest ( < 0.001; except for His, Trp, Asp, and Cys) cSID values of all wheat genotypes 1752:1842 For most AA, Tabasco had the lowest ( < 0.001; except for His, Trp, Asp, and Cys) cSID values of all wheat genotypes. 26020890 17 15 theme feed 2572:2575 arg1 tables 2577:2582 actual feed tables 2565:2582 actual feed tables 2565:2582 Because the SID values in these genotypes are lower when compared to literature data, digestibility values in actual feed tables for wheat may overestimate their protein values and need to be updated. 26020890 10 16 theme Met 1353:1355 arg1 SID 1346:1348 greater SID 1338:1348 greater SID of Met (88%; = 0.01) 1338:1369 Adler had greater SID of Met (88%; = 0.01) when compared to Tabasco (86%); Tobak, Skalmeje, and Mulan (85%); and Tommi (84%). 26020890 3 17 theme environmental 473:485 arg1 conditions 487:496 identical environmental conditions 463:496 identical environmental conditions 463:496 The 8 genotypes were grown under identical environmental conditions on the same site, and they were harvested and processed under the same conditions. 26020890 11 18 theme ileal 1496:1500 arg1 content 1513:1519 standardized ileal digestible content 1483:1519 standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP 1483:1532 Among the 8 wheat genotypes, standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP followed total CP content and ranged from 9.1 to 11.3% (as-fed basis). 26020890 11 18 theme ileal 1496:1500 arg1 cSID 1522:1525 cSID 1522:1525 cSID 1522:1525 Among the 8 wheat genotypes, standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP followed total CP content and ranged from 9.1 to 11.3% (as-fed basis). 26020890 12 19 theme other 1710:1714 arg1 genotypes 1716:1724 all other genotypes 1706:1724 all other genotypes 1706:1724 Standardized ileal digestible content of both CP and AA were greater ( < 0.001) in Adler compared to all other genotypes. 26020890 10 20 dep = 1363:1363 arg1 % 1360:1360 88% 1358:1360 88% 1358:1360 Adler had greater SID of Met (88%; = 0.01) when compared to Tabasco (86%); Tobak, Skalmeje, and Mulan (85%); and Tommi (84%). 26020890 16 21 theme AA 2397:2398 arg1 genotypes 2411:2419 CP and AA of 8 wheat genotypes 2390:2419 genotypes 2411:2419 The present study provides a comprehensive database on nutritional composition and SID of CP and AA of 8 wheat genotypes grown under identical conditions. 26020890 1 22 theme standardized 191:202 arg1 SID 225:227 SID 225:227 SID 225:227 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 wheat genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 26020890 1 22 theme standardized 191:202 arg1 digestibility 210:222 standardized ileal digestibility 191:222 standardized ileal digestibility (SID) 191:228 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 wheat genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 26020890 15 23 theme low 2263:2265 arg1 variation 2267:2275 low variation 2263:2275 low variation among the 8 genotypes 2263:2297 Because SID and cSID of CP and most AA increased ( < 0.05) with lower test weight and falling number, these variables may aid to predict SID and cSID in wheat batches, whereas other nutrients such as fiber fractions are not suitable due to low variation among the 8 genotypes. 26020890 8 24 theme values 1151:1156 arg1 SID 1141:1143 Intermediate SID 1128:1143 Intermediate SID of CP values 1128:1156 Intermediate SID of CP values were obtained for Adler and KWS Erasmus. 26020890 15 25 theme most 2054:2057 arg1 AA 2059:2060 most AA 2054:2060 most AA 2054:2060 Because SID and cSID of CP and most AA increased ( < 0.05) with lower test weight and falling number, these variables may aid to predict SID and cSID in wheat batches, whereas other nutrients such as fiber fractions are not suitable due to low variation among the 8 genotypes. 26020890 3 26 theme same 505:508 arg1 site 510:513 the same site 501:513 the same site 501:513 The 8 genotypes were grown under identical environmental conditions on the same site, and they were harvested and processed under the same conditions. 26020890 5 27 theme sole 767:770 arg1 Wheat 753:757 Wheat 753:757 Wheat 753:757 Wheat was the sole dietary source of CP and AA. 26020890 5 27 theme sole 767:770 arg1 source 780:785 the sole dietary source 763:785 the sole dietary source of CP and AA 763:798 Wheat was the sole dietary source of CP and AA. 26020890 14 28 theme starch 1888:1893 arg1 content 1895:1901 the starch content 1884:1901 the starch content in the 8 wheat genotypes 1884:1926 The cSID of CP decreased ( < 0.001) as the starch content in the 8 wheat genotypes increased, but cSID of CP increased ( < 0.001) as the CP content in the 8 genotypes increased. 26020890 15 29 theme CP 2047:2048 arg1 SID 2031:2033 SID 2031:2033 SID 2031:2033 Because SID and cSID of CP and most AA increased ( < 0.05) with lower test weight and falling number, these variables may aid to predict SID and cSID in wheat batches, whereas other nutrients such as fiber fractions are not suitable due to low variation among the 8 genotypes. 26020890 15 29 theme CP 2047:2048 arg1 cSID 2039:2042 cSID 2039:2042 cSID 2039:2042 Because SID and cSID of CP and most AA increased ( < 0.05) with lower test weight and falling number, these variables may aid to predict SID and cSID in wheat batches, whereas other nutrients such as fiber fractions are not suitable due to low variation among the 8 genotypes. 26020890 15 30 theme lower 2087:2091 arg1 weight 2098:2103 lower test weight 2087:2103 lower test weight 2087:2103 Because SID and cSID of CP and most AA increased ( < 0.05) with lower test weight and falling number, these variables may aid to predict SID and cSID in wheat batches, whereas other nutrients such as fiber fractions are not suitable due to low variation among the 8 genotypes. 26020890 16 31 theme genotypes 2411:2419 arg1 SID 2383:2385 SID 2383:2385 SID of CP and AA of 8 wheat genotypes grown under identical conditions 2383:2452 The present study provides a comprehensive database on nutritional composition and SID of CP and AA of 8 wheat genotypes grown under identical conditions. 26020890 16 31 theme genotypes 2411:2419 arg1 composition 2367:2377 nutritional composition 2355:2377 nutritional composition 2355:2377 The present study provides a comprehensive database on nutritional composition and SID of CP and AA of 8 wheat genotypes grown under identical conditions. 26020890 14 32 dep increased 1954:1962 arg1 < 1966:1966 < 0.001 1966:1972 < 0.001 1966:1972 The cSID of CP decreased ( < 0.001) as the starch content in the 8 wheat genotypes increased, but cSID of CP increased ( < 0.001) as the CP content in the 8 genotypes increased. 26020890 1 33 theme growing 122:128 arg1 pigs 130:133 growing pigs 122:133 growing pigs 122:133 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 wheat genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 26020890 10 34 contain had 1334:1336 arg1 Adler 1328:1332 Adler 1328:1332 Adler 1328:1332 Adler had greater SID of Met (88%; = 0.01) when compared to Tabasco (86%); Tobak, Skalmeje, and Mulan (85%); and Tommi (84%). 26020890 10 34 contain had 1334:1336 arg2 SID 1346:1348 greater SID 1338:1348 greater SID of Met (88%; = 0.01) 1338:1369 Adler had greater SID of Met (88%; = 0.01) when compared to Tabasco (86%); Tobak, Skalmeje, and Mulan (85%); and Tommi (84%). 26020890 0 35 from digestibility 19:31 arg1 genotypes 57:65 eight genotypes 51:65 eight genotypes of soft winter wheat 51:86 Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in eight genotypes of soft winter wheat fed to growing pigs. 26020890 4 36 theme initial 602:608 arg1 BW 610:611 an initial BW 599:611 an initial BW of 32 ± 2 kg 599:624 Nine barrows with an initial BW of 32 ± 2 kg were surgically fitted with simple ileal T-cannulas and allotted to a row-column design with 9 pigs and 8 periods of 6 d each. 26020890 0 37 theme soft 70:73 arg1 wheat 82:86 soft winter wheat 70:86 soft winter wheat 70:86 Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in eight genotypes of soft winter wheat fed to growing pigs. 26020890 9 38 located observed 1234:1241 arg1 % 1255:1255 73% 1253:1255 73% 1253:1255 For Lys, greater ( < 0.05) SID was observed in Adler (73%) and KWS Erasmus (74%) in comparison to Tommi, Tobak, and Mulan (69%). 26020890 9 38 located observed 1234:1241 arg2 SID 1226:1228 greater ( < 0.05) SID 1208:1228 greater ( < 0.05) SID 1208:1228 For Lys, greater ( < 0.05) SID was observed in Adler (73%) and KWS Erasmus (74%) in comparison to Tommi, Tobak, and Mulan (69%). 26020890 9 38 located observed 1234:1241 arg1 Erasmus 1266:1272 Erasmus 1266:1272 Erasmus 1266:1272 For Lys, greater ( < 0.05) SID was observed in Adler (73%) and KWS Erasmus (74%) in comparison to Tommi, Tobak, and Mulan (69%). 26020890 9 38 located observed 1234:1241 arg1 % 1277:1277 74% 1275:1277 74% 1275:1277 For Lys, greater ( < 0.05) SID was observed in Adler (73%) and KWS Erasmus (74%) in comparison to Tommi, Tobak, and Mulan (69%). 26020890 9 38 located observed 1234:1241 arg1 Adler 1246:1250 Adler 1246:1250 Adler 1246:1250 For Lys, greater ( < 0.05) SID was observed in Adler (73%) and KWS Erasmus (74%) in comparison to Tommi, Tobak, and Mulan (69%). 26020890 16 39 from database 2343:2350 arg1 SID 2383:2385 SID 2383:2385 SID of CP and AA of 8 wheat genotypes grown under identical conditions 2383:2452 The present study provides a comprehensive database on nutritional composition and SID of CP and AA of 8 wheat genotypes grown under identical conditions. 26020890 16 39 from database 2343:2350 arg1 composition 2367:2377 nutritional composition 2355:2377 nutritional composition 2355:2377 The present study provides a comprehensive database on nutritional composition and SID of CP and AA of 8 wheat genotypes grown under identical conditions. 26020890 17 40 theme literature 2524:2533 arg1 data 2535:2538 literature data 2524:2538 literature data 2524:2538 Because the SID values in these genotypes are lower when compared to literature data, digestibility values in actual feed tables for wheat may overestimate their protein values and need to be updated. 26020890 0 41 theme wheat 82:86 arg1 genotypes 57:65 eight genotypes 51:65 eight genotypes of soft winter wheat 51:86 Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in eight genotypes of soft winter wheat fed to growing pigs. 26020890 1 42 theme German 301:306 arg1 List 328:331 the German Descriptive Variety List 297:331 the German Descriptive Variety List 297:331 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 wheat genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 26020890 15 43 theme falling 2109:2115 arg1 number 2117:2122 falling number 2109:2122 falling number 2109:2122 Because SID and cSID of CP and most AA increased ( < 0.05) with lower test weight and falling number, these variables may aid to predict SID and cSID in wheat batches, whereas other nutrients such as fiber fractions are not suitable due to low variation among the 8 genotypes. 26020890 6 44 theme wheat 813:817 arg1 genotypes 819:827 the 8 wheat genotypes 807:827 the 8 wheat genotypes 807:827 Among the 8 wheat genotypes, contents of CP ranged from 10.9 to 13.3% (as-fed basis), whereas contents of total nonstarch polysaccharides ranged from 8.0 to 9.4% (as-fed basis). 26020890 12 45 theme AA 1658:1659 arg1 content 1635:1641 Standardized ileal digestible content 1605:1641 Standardized ileal digestible content of both CP and AA 1605:1659 Standardized ileal digestible content of both CP and AA were greater ( < 0.001) in Adler compared to all other genotypes. 26020890 4 46 theme ileal 661:665 arg1 T-cannulas 667:676 simple ileal T-cannulas 654:676 simple ileal T-cannulas 654:676 Nine barrows with an initial BW of 32 ± 2 kg were surgically fitted with simple ileal T-cannulas and allotted to a row-column design with 9 pigs and 8 periods of 6 d each. 26020890 1 47 theme Variety 320:326 arg1 List 328:331 the German Descriptive Variety List 297:331 the German Descriptive Variety List 297:331 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 wheat genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 26020890 1 48 with study 111:115 arg1 pigs 130:133 growing pigs 122:133 growing pigs 122:133 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 wheat genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 26020890 4 49 theme kg 623:624 arg1 BW 610:611 an initial BW 599:611 an initial BW of 32 ± 2 kg 599:624 Nine barrows with an initial BW of 32 ± 2 kg were surgically fitted with simple ileal T-cannulas and allotted to a row-column design with 9 pigs and 8 periods of 6 d each. 26020890 0 50 theme Standardized 0:11 arg1 digestibility 19:31 Standardized ileal digestibility 0:31 Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in eight genotypes of soft winter wheat 0:86 Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in eight genotypes of soft winter wheat fed to growing pigs. 26020890 1 51 theme AA 240:241 arg1 composition 175:185 chemical composition 166:185 chemical composition 166:185 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 wheat genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 26020890 1 51 theme AA 240:241 arg1 SID 225:227 SID 225:227 SID 225:227 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 wheat genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 26020890 1 51 theme AA 240:241 arg1 digestibility 210:222 standardized ileal digestibility 191:222 standardized ileal digestibility (SID) 191:228 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 wheat genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 26020890 16 52 theme CP 2390:2391 arg1 genotypes 2411:2419 CP and AA of 8 wheat genotypes 2390:2419 genotypes 2411:2419 The present study provides a comprehensive database on nutritional composition and SID of CP and AA of 8 wheat genotypes grown under identical conditions. 26020890 5 53 theme CP 790:791 arg1 Wheat 753:757 Wheat 753:757 Wheat 753:757 Wheat was the sole dietary source of CP and AA. 26020890 5 53 theme CP 790:791 arg1 source 780:785 the sole dietary source 763:785 the sole dietary source of CP and AA 763:798 Wheat was the sole dietary source of CP and AA. 26020890 14 54 theme CP 1982:1983 arg1 content 1985:1991 the CP content 1978:1991 the CP content in the 8 genotypes 1978:2010 The cSID of CP decreased ( < 0.001) as the starch content in the 8 wheat genotypes increased, but cSID of CP increased ( < 0.001) as the CP content in the 8 genotypes increased. 26020890 17 55 theme SID 2467:2469 arg1 lower 2501:2505 lower 2501:2505 lower 2501:2505 Because the SID values in these genotypes are lower when compared to literature data, digestibility values in actual feed tables for wheat may overestimate their protein values and need to be updated. 26020890 17 55 theme SID 2467:2469 arg1 values 2471:2476 the SID values 2463:2476 the SID values in these genotypes 2463:2495 Because the SID values in these genotypes are lower when compared to literature data, digestibility values in actual feed tables for wheat may overestimate their protein values and need to be updated. 26020890 17 56 from values 2471:2476 arg1 genotypes 2487:2495 these genotypes 2481:2495 these genotypes 2481:2495 Because the SID values in these genotypes are lower when compared to literature data, digestibility values in actual feed tables for wheat may overestimate their protein values and need to be updated. 26020890 5 57 theme AA 797:798 arg1 Wheat 753:757 Wheat 753:757 Wheat 753:757 Wheat was the sole dietary source of CP and AA. 26020890 5 57 theme AA 797:798 arg1 source 780:785 the sole dietary source 763:785 the sole dietary source of CP and AA 763:798 Wheat was the sole dietary source of CP and AA. 26020890 9 58 dep Tommi 1297:1301 arg1 comparison 1283:1292 comparison 1283:1292 comparison 1283:1292 For Lys, greater ( < 0.05) SID was observed in Adler (73%) and KWS Erasmus (74%) in comparison to Tommi, Tobak, and Mulan (69%). 26020890 4 59 theme row-column 696:705 arg1 design 707:712 a row-column design 694:712 a row-column design with 9 pigs and 8 periods of 6 d each 694:750 Nine barrows with an initial BW of 32 ± 2 kg were surgically fitted with simple ileal T-cannulas and allotted to a row-column design with 9 pigs and 8 periods of 6 d each. 26020890 0 60 theme amino 36:40 arg1 acids 42:46 amino acids 36:46 amino acids 36:46 Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in eight genotypes of soft winter wheat fed to growing pigs. 26020890 1 61 theme genotypes 254:262 arg1 composition 175:185 chemical composition 166:185 chemical composition 166:185 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 wheat genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 26020890 1 61 theme genotypes 254:262 arg1 SID 225:227 SID 225:227 SID 225:227 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 wheat genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 26020890 1 61 theme genotypes 254:262 arg1 digestibility 210:222 standardized ileal digestibility 191:222 standardized ileal digestibility (SID) 191:228 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 wheat genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 26020890 15 62 from SID 2160:2162 arg1 batches 2182:2188 wheat batches 2176:2188 wheat batches 2176:2188 Because SID and cSID of CP and most AA increased ( < 0.05) with lower test weight and falling number, these variables may aid to predict SID and cSID in wheat batches, whereas other nutrients such as fiber fractions are not suitable due to low variation among the 8 genotypes. 26020890 11 63 theme as-fed 1590:1595 arg1 % 1587:1587 9.1 to 11.3% 1576:1587 9.1 to 11.3% (as-fed basis) 1576:1602 Among the 8 wheat genotypes, standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP followed total CP content and ranged from 9.1 to 11.3% (as-fed basis). 26020890 11 63 theme as-fed 1590:1595 arg1 basis 1597:1601 as-fed basis 1590:1601 as-fed basis 1590:1601 Among the 8 wheat genotypes, standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP followed total CP content and ranged from 9.1 to 11.3% (as-fed basis). 26020890 4 64 dep periods 732:738 arg1 each 747:750 each 747:750 each 747:750 Nine barrows with an initial BW of 32 ± 2 kg were surgically fitted with simple ileal T-cannulas and allotted to a row-column design with 9 pigs and 8 periods of 6 d each. 26020890 15 65 from cSID 2168:2171 arg1 batches 2182:2188 wheat batches 2176:2188 wheat batches 2176:2188 Because SID and cSID of CP and most AA increased ( < 0.05) with lower test weight and falling number, these variables may aid to predict SID and cSID in wheat batches, whereas other nutrients such as fiber fractions are not suitable due to low variation among the 8 genotypes. 26020890 6 66 theme polysaccharides 923:937 arg1 contents 895:902 contents 895:902 contents of total nonstarch polysaccharides 895:937 Among the 8 wheat genotypes, contents of CP ranged from 10.9 to 13.3% (as-fed basis), whereas contents of total nonstarch polysaccharides ranged from 8.0 to 9.4% (as-fed basis). 26020890 1 67 theme ileal 204:208 arg1 SID 225:227 SID 225:227 SID 225:227 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 wheat genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 26020890 1 67 theme ileal 204:208 arg1 digestibility 210:222 standardized ileal digestibility 191:222 standardized ileal digestibility (SID) 191:228 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 wheat genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 26020890 6 68 theme total 907:911 arg1 polysaccharides 923:937 total nonstarch polysaccharides 907:937 total nonstarch polysaccharides 907:937 Among the 8 wheat genotypes, contents of CP ranged from 10.9 to 13.3% (as-fed basis), whereas contents of total nonstarch polysaccharides ranged from 8.0 to 9.4% (as-fed basis). 26020890 17 69 theme protein 2617:2623 arg1 values 2625:2630 their protein values 2611:2630 their protein values 2611:2630 Because the SID values in these genotypes are lower when compared to literature data, digestibility values in actual feed tables for wheat may overestimate their protein values and need to be updated. 26020890 13 70 contain had 1748:1750 arg2 values 1814:1819 the lowest ( < 0.001; except for His, Trp, Asp, and Cys) cSID values 1752:1819 the lowest ( < 0.001; except for His, Trp, Asp, and Cys) cSID values of all wheat genotypes 1752:1842 For most AA, Tabasco had the lowest ( < 0.001; except for His, Trp, Asp, and Cys) cSID values of all wheat genotypes. 26020890 13 70 contain had 1748:1750 arg1 Tabasco 1740:1746 Tabasco 1740:1746 Tabasco 1740:1746 For most AA, Tabasco had the lowest ( < 0.001; except for His, Trp, Asp, and Cys) cSID values of all wheat genotypes. 26020890 13 71 theme wheat 1828:1832 arg1 genotypes 1834:1842 all wheat genotypes 1824:1842 all wheat genotypes 1824:1842 For most AA, Tabasco had the lowest ( < 0.001; except for His, Trp, Asp, and Cys) cSID values of all wheat genotypes. 26020890 10 72 theme greater 1338:1344 arg1 SID 1346:1348 greater SID 1338:1348 greater SID of Met (88%; = 0.01) 1338:1369 Adler had greater SID of Met (88%; = 0.01) when compared to Tabasco (86%); Tobak, Skalmeje, and Mulan (85%); and Tommi (84%). 26020890 1 73 theme CP 233:234 arg1 composition 175:185 chemical composition 166:185 chemical composition 166:185 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 wheat genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 26020890 1 73 theme CP 233:234 arg1 SID 225:227 SID 225:227 SID 225:227 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 wheat genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 26020890 1 73 theme CP 233:234 arg1 digestibility 210:222 standardized ileal digestibility 191:222 standardized ileal digestibility (SID) 191:228 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 wheat genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 26020890 11 74 theme total 1543:1547 arg1 content 1552:1558 total CP content 1543:1558 total CP content 1543:1558 Among the 8 wheat genotypes, standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP followed total CP content and ranged from 9.1 to 11.3% (as-fed basis). 26020890 6 75 theme as-fed 964:969 arg1 % 961:961 8.0 to 9.4% 951:961 8.0 to 9.4% (as-fed basis) 951:976 Among the 8 wheat genotypes, contents of CP ranged from 10.9 to 13.3% (as-fed basis), whereas contents of total nonstarch polysaccharides ranged from 8.0 to 9.4% (as-fed basis). 26020890 6 75 theme as-fed 964:969 arg1 basis 971:975 as-fed basis 964:975 as-fed basis 964:975 Among the 8 wheat genotypes, contents of CP ranged from 10.9 to 13.3% (as-fed basis), whereas contents of total nonstarch polysaccharides ranged from 8.0 to 9.4% (as-fed basis). 26020890 4 76 with barrows 586:592 arg1 BW 610:611 an initial BW 599:611 an initial BW of 32 ± 2 kg 599:624 Nine barrows with an initial BW of 32 ± 2 kg were surgically fitted with simple ileal T-cannulas and allotted to a row-column design with 9 pigs and 8 periods of 6 d each. 26020890 7 77 theme CP 990:991 arg1 SID 983:985 The SID 979:985 The SID of CP in the 8 genotypes 979:1010 The SID of CP in the 8 genotypes ranged from 83 to 87%, with greatest ( = 0.01) values for Event and lowest ( = 0.01) for all other wheat genotypes. 26020890 17 78 theme actual 2565:2570 arg1 tables 2577:2582 actual feed tables 2565:2582 actual feed tables 2565:2582 Because the SID values in these genotypes are lower when compared to literature data, digestibility values in actual feed tables for wheat may overestimate their protein values and need to be updated. 26020890 7 79 theme wheat 1111:1115 arg1 genotypes 1117:1125 all other wheat genotypes 1101:1125 all other wheat genotypes 1101:1125 The SID of CP in the 8 genotypes ranged from 83 to 87%, with greatest ( = 0.01) values for Event and lowest ( = 0.01) for all other wheat genotypes. 26020890 3 80 theme identical 463:471 arg1 conditions 487:496 identical environmental conditions 463:496 identical environmental conditions 463:496 The 8 genotypes were grown under identical environmental conditions on the same site, and they were harvested and processed under the same conditions. 26020890 1 81 theme chemical 166:173 arg1 composition 175:185 chemical composition 166:185 chemical composition 166:185 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 wheat genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 26020890 11 82 theme standardized 1483:1494 arg1 content 1513:1519 standardized ileal digestible content 1483:1519 standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP 1483:1532 Among the 8 wheat genotypes, standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP followed total CP content and ranged from 9.1 to 11.3% (as-fed basis). 26020890 11 82 theme standardized 1483:1494 arg1 cSID 1522:1525 cSID 1522:1525 cSID 1522:1525 Among the 8 wheat genotypes, standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP followed total CP content and ranged from 9.1 to 11.3% (as-fed basis). 26020890 14 83 theme wheat 1912:1916 arg1 genotypes 1918:1926 the 8 wheat genotypes 1906:1926 the 8 wheat genotypes 1906:1926 The cSID of CP decreased ( < 0.001) as the starch content in the 8 wheat genotypes increased, but cSID of CP increased ( < 0.001) as the CP content in the 8 genotypes increased. 26020890 8 84 theme CP 1148:1149 arg1 values 1151:1156 CP values 1148:1156 CP values 1148:1156 Intermediate SID of CP values were obtained for Adler and KWS Erasmus. 26020890 14 85 from content 1895:1901 arg1 genotypes 1918:1926 the 8 wheat genotypes 1906:1926 the 8 wheat genotypes 1906:1926 The cSID of CP decreased ( < 0.001) as the starch content in the 8 wheat genotypes increased, but cSID of CP increased ( < 0.001) as the CP content in the 8 genotypes increased. 26020890 13 86 theme cSID 1809:1812 arg1 values 1814:1819 the lowest ( < 0.001; except for His, Trp, Asp, and Cys) cSID values 1752:1819 the lowest ( < 0.001; except for His, Trp, Asp, and Cys) cSID values of all wheat genotypes 1752:1842 For most AA, Tabasco had the lowest ( < 0.001; except for His, Trp, Asp, and Cys) cSID values of all wheat genotypes. 26020890 11 87 theme digestible 1502:1511 arg1 content 1513:1519 standardized ileal digestible content 1483:1519 standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP 1483:1532 Among the 8 wheat genotypes, standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP followed total CP content and ranged from 9.1 to 11.3% (as-fed basis). 26020890 11 87 theme digestible 1502:1511 arg1 cSID 1522:1525 cSID 1522:1525 cSID 1522:1525 Among the 8 wheat genotypes, standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP followed total CP content and ranged from 9.1 to 11.3% (as-fed basis). 26020890 11 88 theme CP 1531:1532 arg1 content 1513:1519 standardized ileal digestible content 1483:1519 standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP 1483:1532 Among the 8 wheat genotypes, standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP followed total CP content and ranged from 9.1 to 11.3% (as-fed basis). 26020890 11 88 theme CP 1531:1532 arg1 cSID 1522:1525 cSID 1522:1525 cSID 1522:1525 Among the 8 wheat genotypes, standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP followed total CP content and ranged from 9.1 to 11.3% (as-fed basis). 26020890 16 89 theme of 2400:2401 arg1 genotypes 2411:2419 CP and AA of 8 wheat genotypes 2390:2419 genotypes 2411:2419 The present study provides a comprehensive database on nutritional composition and SID of CP and AA of 8 wheat genotypes grown under identical conditions. 26020890 5 90 theme dietary 772:778 arg1 Wheat 753:757 Wheat 753:757 Wheat 753:757 Wheat was the sole dietary source of CP and AA. 26020890 5 90 theme dietary 772:778 arg1 source 780:785 the sole dietary source 763:785 the sole dietary source of CP and AA 763:798 Wheat was the sole dietary source of CP and AA. 26020890 11 91 theme wheat 1466:1470 arg1 genotypes 1472:1480 the 8 wheat genotypes 1460:1480 the 8 wheat genotypes 1460:1480 Among the 8 wheat genotypes, standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP followed total CP content and ranged from 9.1 to 11.3% (as-fed basis). 26020890 10 92 dep Met 1353:1355 arg1 = 1363:1363 = 1363:1363 = 0.01 1363:1368 Adler had greater SID of Met (88%; = 0.01) when compared to Tabasco (86%); Tobak, Skalmeje, and Mulan (85%); and Tommi (84%). 26020890 4 93 with design 707:712 arg1 pigs 721:724 9 pigs 719:724 9 pigs 719:724 Nine barrows with an initial BW of 32 ± 2 kg were surgically fitted with simple ileal T-cannulas and allotted to a row-column design with 9 pigs and 8 periods of 6 d each. 26020890 4 93 with design 707:712 arg1 periods 732:738 8 periods 730:738 8 periods of 6 d each 730:750 Nine barrows with an initial BW of 32 ± 2 kg were surgically fitted with simple ileal T-cannulas and allotted to a row-column design with 9 pigs and 8 periods of 6 d each. 26020890 16 94 theme identical 2433:2441 arg1 conditions 2443:2452 identical conditions 2433:2452 identical conditions 2433:2452 The present study provides a comprehensive database on nutritional composition and SID of CP and AA of 8 wheat genotypes grown under identical conditions. 26020890 16 95 theme wheat 2405:2409 arg1 genotypes 2411:2419 CP and AA of 8 wheat genotypes 2390:2419 genotypes 2411:2419 The present study provides a comprehensive database on nutritional composition and SID of CP and AA of 8 wheat genotypes grown under identical conditions. 26020890 6 96 theme CP 842:843 arg1 contents 830:837 contents 830:837 contents of CP 830:843 Among the 8 wheat genotypes, contents of CP ranged from 10.9 to 13.3% (as-fed basis), whereas contents of total nonstarch polysaccharides ranged from 8.0 to 9.4% (as-fed basis). 26020890 17 97 from values 2555:2560 arg1 tables 2577:2582 actual feed tables 2565:2582 actual feed tables 2565:2582 Because the SID values in these genotypes are lower when compared to literature data, digestibility values in actual feed tables for wheat may overestimate their protein values and need to be updated. 26020890 0 98 theme winter 75:80 arg1 wheat 82:86 soft winter wheat 70:86 soft winter wheat 70:86 Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in eight genotypes of soft winter wheat fed to growing pigs. 26020890 9 99 theme greater 1208:1214 arg1 SID 1226:1228 greater ( < 0.05) SID 1208:1228 greater ( < 0.05) SID 1208:1228 For Lys, greater ( < 0.05) SID was observed in Adler (73%) and KWS Erasmus (74%) in comparison to Tommi, Tobak, and Mulan (69%). 26020890 11 100 dep 11.3 1583:1586 arg1 to 1580:1581 to 1580:1581 to 1580:1581 Among the 8 wheat genotypes, standardized ileal digestible content (cSID) of CP followed total CP content and ranged from 9.1 to 11.3% (as-fed basis). 26020890 14 101 from content 1985:1991 arg1 genotypes 2002:2010 the 8 genotypes 1996:2010 the 8 genotypes 1996:2010 The cSID of CP decreased ( < 0.001) as the starch content in the 8 wheat genotypes increased, but cSID of CP increased ( < 0.001) as the CP content in the 8 genotypes increased. 26020890 14 102 theme CP 1951:1952 arg1 cSID 1943:1946 cSID 1943:1946 cSID of CP 1943:1952 The cSID of CP decreased ( < 0.001) as the starch content in the 8 wheat genotypes increased, but cSID of CP increased ( < 0.001) as the CP content in the 8 genotypes increased. 26020890 0 103 theme growing 95:101 arg1 pigs 103:106 growing pigs 95:106 growing pigs 95:106 Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in eight genotypes of soft winter wheat fed to growing pigs. 26020890 1 104 theme Descriptive 308:318 arg1 List 328:331 the German Descriptive Variety List 297:331 the German Descriptive Variety List 297:331 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 wheat genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 26020890 16 105 theme nutritional 2355:2365 arg1 composition 2367:2377 nutritional composition 2355:2377 nutritional composition 2355:2377 The present study provides a comprehensive database on nutritional composition and SID of CP and AA of 8 wheat genotypes grown under identical conditions. 26020890 7 106 dep 87 1030:1031 arg1 to 1027:1028 to 1027:1028 to 1027:1028 The SID of CP in the 8 genotypes ranged from 83 to 87%, with greatest ( = 0.01) values for Event and lowest ( = 0.01) for all other wheat genotypes. 26020890 14 107 theme CP 1857:1858 arg1 cSID 1849:1852 The cSID 1845:1852 The cSID of CP 1845:1858 The cSID of CP decreased ( < 0.001) as the starch content in the 8 wheat genotypes increased, but cSID of CP increased ( < 0.001) as the CP content in the 8 genotypes increased. 26020890 4 108 theme simple 654:659 arg1 T-cannulas 667:676 simple ileal T-cannulas 654:676 simple ileal T-cannulas 654:676 Nine barrows with an initial BW of 32 ± 2 kg were surgically fitted with simple ileal T-cannulas and allotted to a row-column design with 9 pigs and 8 periods of 6 d each. 26020890 0 109 theme ileal 13:17 arg1 digestibility 19:31 Standardized ileal digestibility 0:31 Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in eight genotypes of soft winter wheat 0:86 Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in eight genotypes of soft winter wheat fed to growing pigs. 26020890 6 110 theme as-fed 872:877 arg1 % 869:869 10.9 to 13.3% 857:869 10.9 to 13.3% (as-fed basis) 857:884 Among the 8 wheat genotypes, contents of CP ranged from 10.9 to 13.3% (as-fed basis), whereas contents of total nonstarch polysaccharides ranged from 8.0 to 9.4% (as-fed basis). 26020890 6 110 theme as-fed 872:877 arg1 basis 879:883 as-fed basis 872:883 as-fed basis 872:883 Among the 8 wheat genotypes, contents of CP ranged from 10.9 to 13.3% (as-fed basis), whereas contents of total nonstarch polysaccharides ranged from 8.0 to 9.4% (as-fed basis). 26020890 15 111 theme AA 2059:2060 arg1 SID 2031:2033 SID 2031:2033 SID 2031:2033 Because SID and cSID of CP and most AA increased ( < 0.05) with lower test weight and falling number, these variables may aid to predict SID and cSID in wheat batches, whereas other nutrients such as fiber fractions are not suitable due to low variation among the 8 genotypes. 26020890 15 111 theme AA 2059:2060 arg1 cSID 2039:2042 cSID 2039:2042 cSID 2039:2042 Because SID and cSID of CP and most AA increased ( < 0.05) with lower test weight and falling number, these variables may aid to predict SID and cSID in wheat batches, whereas other nutrients such as fiber fractions are not suitable due to low variation among the 8 genotypes. 26020890 12 112 theme Standardized 1605:1616 arg1 content 1635:1641 Standardized ileal digestible content 1605:1641 Standardized ileal digestible content of both CP and AA 1605:1659 Standardized ileal digestible content of both CP and AA were greater ( < 0.001) in Adler compared to all other genotypes. 26020890 8 113 dep Adler 1176:1180 arg1 Erasmus 1190:1196 Erasmus 1190:1196 Erasmus 1190:1196 Intermediate SID of CP values were obtained for Adler and KWS Erasmus. 26020890 7 114 theme greatest 1040:1047 arg1 values 1059:1064 greatest ( = 0.01) values 1040:1064 greatest ( = 0.01) values for Event and lowest ( = 0.01) for all other wheat genotypes 1040:1125 The SID of CP in the 8 genotypes ranged from 83 to 87%, with greatest ( = 0.01) values for Event and lowest ( = 0.01) for all other wheat genotypes. 26020890 6 115 dep % 869:869 arg1 to 862:863 to 862:863 to 862:863 Among the 8 wheat genotypes, contents of CP ranged from 10.9 to 13.3% (as-fed basis), whereas contents of total nonstarch polysaccharides ranged from 8.0 to 9.4% (as-fed basis). 26020890 12 116 theme digestible 1624:1633 arg1 content 1635:1641 Standardized ileal digestible content 1605:1641 Standardized ileal digestible content of both CP and AA 1605:1659 Standardized ileal digestible content of both CP and AA were greater ( < 0.001) in Adler compared to all other genotypes. 26020890 0 117 theme acids 42:46 arg1 digestibility 19:31 Standardized ileal digestibility 0:31 Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in eight genotypes of soft winter wheat 0:86 Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in eight genotypes of soft winter wheat fed to growing pigs. 26020890 1 118 theme wheat 248:252 arg1 genotypes 254:262 8 wheat genotypes 246:262 8 wheat genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List 246:331 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 wheat genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 26020890 12 119 dep greater 1666:1672 arg1 < 1676:1676 < 0.001 1676:1682 < 0.001 1676:1682 Standardized ileal digestible content of both CP and AA were greater ( < 0.001) in Adler compared to all other genotypes. 26020890 13 120 theme lowest 1756:1761 arg1 values 1814:1819 the lowest ( < 0.001; except for His, Trp, Asp, and Cys) cSID values 1752:1819 the lowest ( < 0.001; except for His, Trp, Asp, and Cys) cSID values of all wheat genotypes 1752:1842 For most AA, Tabasco had the lowest ( < 0.001; except for His, Trp, Asp, and Cys) cSID values of all wheat genotypes. 26020890 1 121 dep composition 175:185 arg1 the 162:164 the 162:164 the 162:164 A study with growing pigs was conducted to determine the chemical composition and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA of 8 wheat genotypes that have recently been added to the German Descriptive Variety List. 26020890 13 122 theme most 1731:1734 arg1 AA 1736:1737 most AA 1731:1737 most AA 1731:1737 For most AA, Tabasco had the lowest ( < 0.001; except for His, Trp, Asp, and Cys) cSID values of all wheat genotypes. 26020890 6 123 theme nonstarch 913:921 arg1 polysaccharides 923:937 total nonstarch polysaccharides 907:937 total nonstarch polysaccharides 907:937 Among the 8 wheat genotypes, contents of CP ranged from 10.9 to 13.3% (as-fed basis), whereas contents of total nonstarch polysaccharides ranged from 8.0 to 9.4% (as-fed basis). 26020890 14 124 dep decreased 1860:1868 arg1 < 1872:1872 < 0.001 1872:1878 < 0.001 1872:1878 The cSID of CP decreased ( < 0.001) as the starch content in the 8 wheat genotypes increased, but cSID of CP increased ( < 0.001) as the CP content in the 8 genotypes increased. 26020890 12 125 theme CP 1651:1652 arg1 content 1635:1641 Standardized ileal digestible content 1605:1641 Standardized ileal digestible content of both CP and AA 1605:1659 Standardized ileal digestible content of both CP and AA were greater ( < 0.001) in Adler compared to all other genotypes. 26020890 3 126 theme same 564:567 arg1 conditions 569:578 the same conditions 560:578 the same conditions 560:578 The 8 genotypes were grown under identical environmental conditions on the same site, and they were harvested and processed under the same conditions. 26020890 16 127 theme present 2304:2310 arg1 study 2312:2316 The present study 2300:2316 The present study 2300:2316 The present study provides a comprehensive database on nutritional composition and SID of CP and AA of 8 wheat genotypes grown under identical conditions. 26020890 7 128 dep lowest 1080:1085 arg1 = 1089:1089 = 1089:1089 = 1089:1089 The SID of CP in the 8 genotypes ranged from 83 to 87%, with greatest ( = 0.01) values for Event and lowest ( = 0.01) for all other wheat genotypes. 26020890 7 129 dep greatest 1040:1047 arg1 0.01 1053:1056 0.01 1053:1056 0.01 1053:1056 The SID of CP in the 8 genotypes ranged from 83 to 87%, with greatest ( = 0.01) values for Event and lowest ( = 0.01) for all other wheat genotypes. 26020890 15 130 dep increased 2062:2070 arg1 < 2074:2074 < 0.05 2074:2079 < 0.05 2074:2079 Because SID and cSID of CP and most AA increased ( < 0.05) with lower test weight and falling number, these variables may aid to predict SID and cSID in wheat batches, whereas other nutrients such as fiber fractions are not suitable due to low variation among the 8 genotypes. 26020890 8 131 theme Intermediate 1128:1139 arg1 SID 1141:1143 Intermediate SID 1128:1143 Intermediate SID of CP values 1128:1156 Intermediate SID of CP values were obtained for Adler and KWS Erasmus. 26020890 12 132 theme ileal 1618:1622 arg1 content 1635:1641 Standardized ileal digestible content 1605:1641 Standardized ileal digestible content of both CP and AA 1605:1659 Standardized ileal digestible content of both CP and AA were greater ( < 0.001) in Adler compared to all other genotypes. 28353631 4 0 theme cell 807:810 arg1 A549 817:820 the human lung cancer cell line A549 785:820 the human lung cancer cell line A549 785:820 We demonstrated that PGL exerted its antitumor activities by modulating cell viability, morphology, apoptosis, and the apoptosis-related Fas/FasL signaling pathway in the human lung cancer cell line A549, the gastric cancer cell line MKN28, and the mouse melanoma cell line B16. 28353631 4 1 theme Fas/FasL 755:762 arg1 pathway 774:780 the apoptosis-related Fas/FasL signaling pathway 733:780 the apoptosis-related Fas/FasL signaling pathway 733:780 We demonstrated that PGL exerted its antitumor activities by modulating cell viability, morphology, apoptosis, and the apoptosis-related Fas/FasL signaling pathway in the human lung cancer cell line A549, the gastric cancer cell line MKN28, and the mouse melanoma cell line B16. 28353631 5 2 theme therapeutic 1085:1095 arg1 PGL 1064:1066 PGL 1064:1066 PGL 1064:1066 Our data provide the first evidence that PGL inhibits cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis, which is largely mediated by Fas/FasL in cancer cells, suggesting that PGL might be a novel therapeutic agent against cancer. 28353631 5 2 theme therapeutic 1085:1095 arg1 agent 1097:1101 a novel therapeutic agent 1077:1101 a novel therapeutic agent against cancer 1077:1116 Our data provide the first evidence that PGL inhibits cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis, which is largely mediated by Fas/FasL in cancer cells, suggesting that PGL might be a novel therapeutic agent against cancer. 28353631 5 3 theme first 918:922 arg1 evidence 924:931 the first evidence that PGL inhibits cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis, which is largely mediated by Fas/FasL in cancer cells, suggesting that PGL might be a novel therapeutic agent against cancer 914:1116 the first evidence that PGL inhibits cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis, which is largely mediated by Fas/FasL in cancer cells, suggesting that PGL might be a novel therapeutic agent against cancer 914:1116 Our data provide the first evidence that PGL inhibits cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis, which is largely mediated by Fas/FasL in cancer cells, suggesting that PGL might be a novel therapeutic agent against cancer. 28353631 2 4 theme cancer 408:413 arg1 activity 415:422 anti-lung cancer activity 398:422 anti-lung cancer activity 398:422 We previously reported transcriptome profiling data showing that PGL induced transcriptional alterations generate anti-lung cancer activity. 28353631 0 5 from Characterization 0:15 arg1 lemaneiformis 88:100 Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis 73:100 Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis 73:100 Characterization and Potential Antitumor Activity of Polysaccharide from Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis. 28353631 4 6 theme line 812:815 arg1 A549 817:820 the human lung cancer cell line A549 785:820 the human lung cancer cell line A549 785:820 We demonstrated that PGL exerted its antitumor activities by modulating cell viability, morphology, apoptosis, and the apoptosis-related Fas/FasL signaling pathway in the human lung cancer cell line A549, the gastric cancer cell line MKN28, and the mouse melanoma cell line B16. 28353631 2 7 theme profiling 321:329 arg1 data 331:334 transcriptome profiling data 307:334 transcriptome profiling data showing that PGL induced transcriptional alterations generate anti-lung cancer activity 307:422 We previously reported transcriptome profiling data showing that PGL induced transcriptional alterations generate anti-lung cancer activity. 28353631 5 8 from Fas/FasL 1022:1029 arg1 cells 1041:1045 cancer cells 1034:1045 cancer cells 1034:1045 Our data provide the first evidence that PGL inhibits cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis, which is largely mediated by Fas/FasL in cancer cells, suggesting that PGL might be a novel therapeutic agent against cancer. 28353631 3 9 theme molecular 529:537 arg1 weight 539:544 molecular weight 529:544 molecular weight 529:544 To identify how PGL is detrimental to tumors, we purified PGL to characterize its chemical composition, molecular weight, and sugar and protein content and investigated its antitumor activity. 28353631 4 10 theme apoptosis-related 737:753 arg1 pathway 774:780 the apoptosis-related Fas/FasL signaling pathway 733:780 the apoptosis-related Fas/FasL signaling pathway 733:780 We demonstrated that PGL exerted its antitumor activities by modulating cell viability, morphology, apoptosis, and the apoptosis-related Fas/FasL signaling pathway in the human lung cancer cell line A549, the gastric cancer cell line MKN28, and the mouse melanoma cell line B16. 28353631 4 11 theme melanoma 873:880 arg1 line 887:890 the mouse melanoma cell line 863:890 the mouse melanoma cell line 863:890 We demonstrated that PGL exerted its antitumor activities by modulating cell viability, morphology, apoptosis, and the apoptosis-related Fas/FasL signaling pathway in the human lung cancer cell line A549, the gastric cancer cell line MKN28, and the mouse melanoma cell line B16. 28353631 2 12 theme transcriptome 307:319 arg1 data 331:334 transcriptome profiling data 307:334 transcriptome profiling data showing that PGL induced transcriptional alterations generate anti-lung cancer activity 307:422 We previously reported transcriptome profiling data showing that PGL induced transcriptional alterations generate anti-lung cancer activity. 28353631 4 13 dep line 847:850 arg1 B16 892:894 B16 892:894 B16 892:894 We demonstrated that PGL exerted its antitumor activities by modulating cell viability, morphology, apoptosis, and the apoptosis-related Fas/FasL signaling pathway in the human lung cancer cell line A549, the gastric cancer cell line MKN28, and the mouse melanoma cell line B16. 28353631 4 14 theme mouse 867:871 arg1 line 887:890 the mouse melanoma cell line 863:890 the mouse melanoma cell line 863:890 We demonstrated that PGL exerted its antitumor activities by modulating cell viability, morphology, apoptosis, and the apoptosis-related Fas/FasL signaling pathway in the human lung cancer cell line A549, the gastric cancer cell line MKN28, and the mouse melanoma cell line B16. 28353631 0 15 from Activity 41:48 arg1 lemaneiformis 88:100 Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis 73:100 Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis 73:100 Characterization and Potential Antitumor Activity of Polysaccharide from Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis. 28353631 4 16 theme lung 795:798 arg1 A549 817:820 the human lung cancer cell line A549 785:820 the human lung cancer cell line A549 785:820 We demonstrated that PGL exerted its antitumor activities by modulating cell viability, morphology, apoptosis, and the apoptosis-related Fas/FasL signaling pathway in the human lung cancer cell line A549, the gastric cancer cell line MKN28, and the mouse melanoma cell line B16. 28353631 1 17 theme edible 205:210 arg1 polysaccharide 212:225 an edible polysaccharide 202:225 an edible polysaccharide from the marine alga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (PGL) 202:281 Substances with valuable antitumor properties have been identified in many marine algae, including an edible polysaccharide from the marine alga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (PGL). 28353631 4 18 theme cell 882:885 arg1 line 887:890 the mouse melanoma cell line 863:890 the mouse melanoma cell line 863:890 We demonstrated that PGL exerted its antitumor activities by modulating cell viability, morphology, apoptosis, and the apoptosis-related Fas/FasL signaling pathway in the human lung cancer cell line A549, the gastric cancer cell line MKN28, and the mouse melanoma cell line B16. 28353631 1 19 theme valuable 119:126 arg1 properties 138:147 valuable antitumor properties 119:147 valuable antitumor properties 119:147 Substances with valuable antitumor properties have been identified in many marine algae, including an edible polysaccharide from the marine alga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (PGL). 28353631 0 20 theme Antitumor 31:39 arg1 Activity 41:48 Potential Antitumor Activity 21:48 Potential Antitumor Activity 21:48 Characterization and Potential Antitumor Activity of Polysaccharide from Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis. 28353631 4 21 theme human 789:793 arg1 A549 817:820 the human lung cancer cell line A549 785:820 the human lung cancer cell line A549 785:820 We demonstrated that PGL exerted its antitumor activities by modulating cell viability, morphology, apoptosis, and the apoptosis-related Fas/FasL signaling pathway in the human lung cancer cell line A549, the gastric cancer cell line MKN28, and the mouse melanoma cell line B16. 28353631 5 22 theme cell 951:954 arg1 proliferation 956:968 cell proliferation 951:968 cell proliferation 951:968 Our data provide the first evidence that PGL inhibits cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis, which is largely mediated by Fas/FasL in cancer cells, suggesting that PGL might be a novel therapeutic agent against cancer. 28353631 1 23 theme antitumor 128:136 arg1 properties 138:147 valuable antitumor properties 119:147 valuable antitumor properties 119:147 Substances with valuable antitumor properties have been identified in many marine algae, including an edible polysaccharide from the marine alga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (PGL). 28353631 3 24 theme chemical 507:514 arg1 composition 516:526 its chemical composition 503:526 its chemical composition 503:526 To identify how PGL is detrimental to tumors, we purified PGL to characterize its chemical composition, molecular weight, and sugar and protein content and investigated its antitumor activity. 28353631 0 25 theme Potential 21:29 arg1 Activity 41:48 Potential Antitumor Activity 21:48 Potential Antitumor Activity 21:48 Characterization and Potential Antitumor Activity of Polysaccharide from Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis. 28353631 4 26 theme antitumor 655:663 arg1 activities 665:674 its antitumor activities 651:674 its antitumor activities 651:674 We demonstrated that PGL exerted its antitumor activities by modulating cell viability, morphology, apoptosis, and the apoptosis-related Fas/FasL signaling pathway in the human lung cancer cell line A549, the gastric cancer cell line MKN28, and the mouse melanoma cell line B16. 28353631 4 27 theme cancer 800:805 arg1 A549 817:820 the human lung cancer cell line A549 785:820 the human lung cancer cell line A549 785:820 We demonstrated that PGL exerted its antitumor activities by modulating cell viability, morphology, apoptosis, and the apoptosis-related Fas/FasL signaling pathway in the human lung cancer cell line A549, the gastric cancer cell line MKN28, and the mouse melanoma cell line B16. 28353631 5 28 dep inducing 973:980 arg1 mediated 1010:1017 mediated 1010:1017 is largely mediated by Fas/FasL in cancer cells 999:1045 Our data provide the first evidence that PGL inhibits cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis, which is largely mediated by Fas/FasL in cancer cells, suggesting that PGL might be a novel therapeutic agent against cancer. 28353631 5 29 theme novel 1079:1083 arg1 PGL 1064:1066 PGL 1064:1066 PGL 1064:1066 Our data provide the first evidence that PGL inhibits cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis, which is largely mediated by Fas/FasL in cancer cells, suggesting that PGL might be a novel therapeutic agent against cancer. 28353631 5 29 theme novel 1079:1083 arg1 agent 1097:1101 a novel therapeutic agent 1077:1101 a novel therapeutic agent against cancer 1077:1116 Our data provide the first evidence that PGL inhibits cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis, which is largely mediated by Fas/FasL in cancer cells, suggesting that PGL might be a novel therapeutic agent against cancer. 28353631 5 30 theme cancer 1034:1039 arg1 cells 1041:1045 cancer cells 1034:1045 cancer cells 1034:1045 Our data provide the first evidence that PGL inhibits cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis, which is largely mediated by Fas/FasL in cancer cells, suggesting that PGL might be a novel therapeutic agent against cancer. 28353631 1 31 theme marine 236:241 arg1 PGL 278:280 PGL 278:280 PGL 278:280 Substances with valuable antitumor properties have been identified in many marine algae, including an edible polysaccharide from the marine alga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (PGL). 28353631 1 31 theme marine 236:241 arg1 lemaneiformis 263:275 the marine alga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis 232:275 the marine alga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (PGL) 232:281 Substances with valuable antitumor properties have been identified in many marine algae, including an edible polysaccharide from the marine alga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (PGL). 28353631 1 32 with Substances 103:112 arg1 properties 138:147 valuable antitumor properties 119:147 valuable antitumor properties 119:147 Substances with valuable antitumor properties have been identified in many marine algae, including an edible polysaccharide from the marine alga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (PGL). 28353631 0 33 from lemaneiformis 88:100 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization and Potential Antitumor Activity of Polysaccharide from Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis. 28353631 0 33 from lemaneiformis 88:100 arg1 Polysaccharide 53:66 Polysaccharide 53:66 Polysaccharide from Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis 53:100 Characterization and Potential Antitumor Activity of Polysaccharide from Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis. 28353631 0 33 from lemaneiformis 88:100 arg1 Activity 41:48 Potential Antitumor Activity 21:48 Potential Antitumor Activity 21:48 Characterization and Potential Antitumor Activity of Polysaccharide from Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis. 28353631 1 34 theme alga 243:246 arg1 PGL 278:280 PGL 278:280 PGL 278:280 Substances with valuable antitumor properties have been identified in many marine algae, including an edible polysaccharide from the marine alga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (PGL). 28353631 1 34 theme alga 243:246 arg1 lemaneiformis 263:275 the marine alga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis 232:275 the marine alga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (PGL) 232:281 Substances with valuable antitumor properties have been identified in many marine algae, including an edible polysaccharide from the marine alga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (PGL). 28353631 2 35 theme anti-lung 398:406 arg1 activity 415:422 anti-lung cancer activity 398:422 anti-lung cancer activity 398:422 We previously reported transcriptome profiling data showing that PGL induced transcriptional alterations generate anti-lung cancer activity. 28353631 0 36 theme Polysaccharide 53:66 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization and Potential Antitumor Activity of Polysaccharide from Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis. 28353631 0 36 theme Polysaccharide 53:66 arg1 Activity 41:48 Potential Antitumor Activity 21:48 Potential Antitumor Activity 21:48 Characterization and Potential Antitumor Activity of Polysaccharide from Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis. 28353631 4 37 theme signaling 764:772 arg1 pathway 774:780 the apoptosis-related Fas/FasL signaling pathway 733:780 the apoptosis-related Fas/FasL signaling pathway 733:780 We demonstrated that PGL exerted its antitumor activities by modulating cell viability, morphology, apoptosis, and the apoptosis-related Fas/FasL signaling pathway in the human lung cancer cell line A549, the gastric cancer cell line MKN28, and the mouse melanoma cell line B16. 28353631 4 38 theme cancer 835:840 arg1 line 847:850 the gastric cancer cell line MKN28 823:856 the gastric cancer cell line MKN28 823:856 We demonstrated that PGL exerted its antitumor activities by modulating cell viability, morphology, apoptosis, and the apoptosis-related Fas/FasL signaling pathway in the human lung cancer cell line A549, the gastric cancer cell line MKN28, and the mouse melanoma cell line B16. 28353631 2 39 dep induced 353:359 arg1 generate 389:396 generate 389:396 induced transcriptional alterations generate anti-lung cancer activity 353:422 We previously reported transcriptome profiling data showing that PGL induced transcriptional alterations generate anti-lung cancer activity. 28353631 3 40 theme antitumor 598:606 arg1 activity 608:615 its antitumor activity 594:615 its antitumor activity 594:615 To identify how PGL is detrimental to tumors, we purified PGL to characterize its chemical composition, molecular weight, and sugar and protein content and investigated its antitumor activity. 28353631 1 41 theme Gracilariopsis 248:261 arg1 PGL 278:280 PGL 278:280 PGL 278:280 Substances with valuable antitumor properties have been identified in many marine algae, including an edible polysaccharide from the marine alga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (PGL). 28353631 1 41 theme Gracilariopsis 248:261 arg1 lemaneiformis 263:275 the marine alga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis 232:275 the marine alga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (PGL) 232:281 Substances with valuable antitumor properties have been identified in many marine algae, including an edible polysaccharide from the marine alga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (PGL). 28353631 1 42 from lemaneiformis 263:275 arg1 polysaccharide 212:225 an edible polysaccharide 202:225 an edible polysaccharide from the marine alga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (PGL) 202:281 Substances with valuable antitumor properties have been identified in many marine algae, including an edible polysaccharide from the marine alga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (PGL). 28353631 4 43 theme gastric 827:833 arg1 line 847:850 the gastric cancer cell line MKN28 823:856 the gastric cancer cell line MKN28 823:856 We demonstrated that PGL exerted its antitumor activities by modulating cell viability, morphology, apoptosis, and the apoptosis-related Fas/FasL signaling pathway in the human lung cancer cell line A549, the gastric cancer cell line MKN28, and the mouse melanoma cell line B16. 28353631 2 44 theme transcriptional 361:375 arg1 alterations 377:387 transcriptional alterations 361:387 transcriptional alterations 361:387 We previously reported transcriptome profiling data showing that PGL induced transcriptional alterations generate anti-lung cancer activity. 28353631 4 45 theme cell 690:693 arg1 viability 695:703 cell viability 690:703 cell viability 690:703 We demonstrated that PGL exerted its antitumor activities by modulating cell viability, morphology, apoptosis, and the apoptosis-related Fas/FasL signaling pathway in the human lung cancer cell line A549, the gastric cancer cell line MKN28, and the mouse melanoma cell line B16. 28353631 1 46 theme many 173:176 arg1 algae 185:189 many marine algae 173:189 many marine algae 173:189 Substances with valuable antitumor properties have been identified in many marine algae, including an edible polysaccharide from the marine alga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (PGL). 28353631 3 47 theme protein 561:567 arg1 content 569:575 protein content 561:575 protein content 561:575 To identify how PGL is detrimental to tumors, we purified PGL to characterize its chemical composition, molecular weight, and sugar and protein content and investigated its antitumor activity. 28353631 0 48 theme Gracilariopsis 73:86 arg1 lemaneiformis 88:100 Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis 73:100 Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis 73:100 Characterization and Potential Antitumor Activity of Polysaccharide from Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis. 28353631 4 49 theme cell 842:845 arg1 line 847:850 the gastric cancer cell line MKN28 823:856 the gastric cancer cell line MKN28 823:856 We demonstrated that PGL exerted its antitumor activities by modulating cell viability, morphology, apoptosis, and the apoptosis-related Fas/FasL signaling pathway in the human lung cancer cell line A549, the gastric cancer cell line MKN28, and the mouse melanoma cell line B16. 28353631 1 50 theme marine 178:183 arg1 algae 185:189 many marine algae 173:189 many marine algae 173:189 Substances with valuable antitumor properties have been identified in many marine algae, including an edible polysaccharide from the marine alga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (PGL). 27185155 1 0 theme functionalized 271:284 arg1 acetate 296:302 triethylenetetramine functionalized cellulose acetate 250:302 triethylenetetramine functionalized cellulose acetate grafted with the copolymer-manganese dioxide composite 250:357 In this manuscript, we have studied the removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution by using triethylenetetramine functionalized cellulose acetate grafted with the copolymer-manganese dioxide composite. 27185155 7 1 theme matrices 1074:1081 arg1 samples 1053:1059 real wastewater samples 1037:1059 real wastewater samples of different matrices 1037:1081 The studied metal ions were successfully recovered from real wastewater samples of different matrices. 27185155 6 2 theme cellulose 865:873 arg1 composite 875:883 The functionalized hybrid cellulose composite 839:883 The functionalized hybrid cellulose composite 839:883 The functionalized hybrid cellulose composite showed maximum adsorption capacity 82.06 and 196.84mgg(-1) for Cd(II) and Pb(II), respectively. 27185155 1 3 theme cellulose 286:294 arg1 acetate 296:302 triethylenetetramine functionalized cellulose acetate 250:302 triethylenetetramine functionalized cellulose acetate grafted with the copolymer-manganese dioxide composite 250:357 In this manuscript, we have studied the removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution by using triethylenetetramine functionalized cellulose acetate grafted with the copolymer-manganese dioxide composite. 27185155 7 4 theme different 1064:1072 arg1 matrices 1074:1081 different matrices 1064:1081 different matrices 1064:1081 The studied metal ions were successfully recovered from real wastewater samples of different matrices. 27185155 6 5 theme hybrid 858:863 arg1 composite 875:883 The functionalized hybrid cellulose composite 839:883 The functionalized hybrid cellulose composite 839:883 The functionalized hybrid cellulose composite showed maximum adsorption capacity 82.06 and 196.84mgg(-1) for Cd(II) and Pb(II), respectively. 27185155 6 6 theme adsorption 900:909 arg1 capacity 911:918 maximum adsorption capacity 82.06 892:924 maximum adsorption capacity 82.06 892:924 The functionalized hybrid cellulose composite showed maximum adsorption capacity 82.06 and 196.84mgg(-1) for Cd(II) and Pb(II), respectively. 27185155 1 7 theme Pb 207:208 arg1 ions 214:217 Pb(II) ions 207:217 Pb(II) ions 207:217 In this manuscript, we have studied the removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution by using triethylenetetramine functionalized cellulose acetate grafted with the copolymer-manganese dioxide composite. 27185155 6 8 theme maximum 892:898 arg1 capacity 911:918 maximum adsorption capacity 82.06 892:924 maximum adsorption capacity 82.06 892:924 The functionalized hybrid cellulose composite showed maximum adsorption capacity 82.06 and 196.84mgg(-1) for Cd(II) and Pb(II), respectively. 27185155 1 9 from solution 232:239 arg1 removal 185:191 the removal 181:191 the removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution 181:239 In this manuscript, we have studied the removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution by using triethylenetetramine functionalized cellulose acetate grafted with the copolymer-manganese dioxide composite. 27185155 7 10 theme wastewater 1042:1051 arg1 samples 1053:1059 real wastewater samples 1037:1059 real wastewater samples of different matrices 1037:1081 The studied metal ions were successfully recovered from real wastewater samples of different matrices. 27185155 4 11 theme SEM 632:634 arg1 techniques 650:659 FT-IR, SEM, EDAX and TGA techniques 625:659 FT-IR, SEM, EDAX and TGA techniques 625:659 FT-IR, SEM, EDAX and TGA techniques were employed to characterize the cellulose modified composite. 27185155 2 12 theme mangrove 411:418 arg1 trees 420:424 the mangrove trees 407:424 the mangrove trees (Avicennia marina) 407:443 The novel sorbent cellulose was extracted from the mangrove trees (Avicennia marina) and it was then acetylated and grafted with acrylamide. 27185155 2 12 theme mangrove 411:418 arg1 marina 437:442 marina 437:442 marina 437:442 The novel sorbent cellulose was extracted from the mangrove trees (Avicennia marina) and it was then acetylated and grafted with acrylamide. 27185155 1 13 theme copolymer-manganese 321:339 arg1 composite 349:357 the copolymer-manganese dioxide composite 317:357 the copolymer-manganese dioxide composite 317:357 In this manuscript, we have studied the removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution by using triethylenetetramine functionalized cellulose acetate grafted with the copolymer-manganese dioxide composite. 27185155 4 14 theme modified 705:712 arg1 composite 714:722 the cellulose modified composite 691:722 the cellulose modified composite 691:722 FT-IR, SEM, EDAX and TGA techniques were employed to characterize the cellulose modified composite. 27185155 7 15 theme metal 993:997 arg1 ions 999:1002 The studied metal ions 981:1002 The studied metal ions 981:1002 The studied metal ions were successfully recovered from real wastewater samples of different matrices. 27185155 4 16 theme EDAX 637:640 arg1 techniques 650:659 FT-IR, SEM, EDAX and TGA techniques 625:659 FT-IR, SEM, EDAX and TGA techniques 625:659 FT-IR, SEM, EDAX and TGA techniques were employed to characterize the cellulose modified composite. 27185155 1 17 theme II 210:211 arg1 ions 214:217 Pb(II) ions 207:217 Pb(II) ions 207:217 In this manuscript, we have studied the removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution by using triethylenetetramine functionalized cellulose acetate grafted with the copolymer-manganese dioxide composite. 27185155 7 18 theme real 1037:1040 arg1 samples 1053:1059 real wastewater samples 1037:1059 real wastewater samples of different matrices 1037:1081 The studied metal ions were successfully recovered from real wastewater samples of different matrices. 27185155 4 19 theme cellulose 695:703 arg1 composite 714:722 the cellulose modified composite 691:722 the cellulose modified composite 691:722 FT-IR, SEM, EDAX and TGA techniques were employed to characterize the cellulose modified composite. 27185155 6 20 theme functionalized 843:856 arg1 composite 875:883 The functionalized hybrid cellulose composite 839:883 The functionalized hybrid cellulose composite 839:883 The functionalized hybrid cellulose composite showed maximum adsorption capacity 82.06 and 196.84mgg(-1) for Cd(II) and Pb(II), respectively. 27185155 5 21 theme Freundlich 820:829 arg1 models 831:836 Freundlich models 820:836 Freundlich models 820:836 Sorption equilibria were established after 30min and their data were described by Langmuir and Freundlich models. 27185155 3 22 theme sorbent 505:511 arg1 composite 513:521 The sorbent composite 501:521 The sorbent composite 501:521 The sorbent composite was designed to interact simultaneously with higher metal loading by complexation-adsorption process. 27185155 0 23 theme Cd 11:12 arg1 Removal 0:6 Removal 0:6 Removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from wastewater by using triethylenetetramine functionalized 0:88 Removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from wastewater by using triethylenetetramine functionalized grafted cellulose acetate-manganese dioxide composite. 27185155 1 24 theme ions 214:217 arg1 removal 185:191 the removal 181:191 the removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution 181:239 In this manuscript, we have studied the removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution by using triethylenetetramine functionalized cellulose acetate grafted with the copolymer-manganese dioxide composite. 27185155 1 25 theme dioxide 341:347 arg1 composite 349:357 the copolymer-manganese dioxide composite 317:357 the copolymer-manganese dioxide composite 317:357 In this manuscript, we have studied the removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution by using triethylenetetramine functionalized cellulose acetate grafted with the copolymer-manganese dioxide composite. 27185155 0 26 theme acetate-manganese 108:124 arg1 composite 134:142 cellulose acetate-manganese dioxide composite 98:142 cellulose acetate-manganese dioxide composite 98:142 Removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from wastewater by using triethylenetetramine functionalized grafted cellulose acetate-manganese dioxide composite. 27185155 4 27 theme FT-IR 625:629 arg1 techniques 650:659 FT-IR, SEM, EDAX and TGA techniques 625:659 FT-IR, SEM, EDAX and TGA techniques 625:659 FT-IR, SEM, EDAX and TGA techniques were employed to characterize the cellulose modified composite. 27185155 2 28 theme sorbent 370:376 arg1 cellulose 378:386 The novel sorbent cellulose 360:386 The novel sorbent cellulose 360:386 The novel sorbent cellulose was extracted from the mangrove trees (Avicennia marina) and it was then acetylated and grafted with acrylamide. 27185155 1 29 theme aqueous 224:230 arg1 solution 232:239 aqueous solution 224:239 aqueous solution 224:239 In this manuscript, we have studied the removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution by using triethylenetetramine functionalized cellulose acetate grafted with the copolymer-manganese dioxide composite. 27185155 0 30 theme cellulose 98:106 arg1 composite 134:142 cellulose acetate-manganese dioxide composite 98:142 cellulose acetate-manganese dioxide composite 98:142 Removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from wastewater by using triethylenetetramine functionalized grafted cellulose acetate-manganese dioxide composite. 27185155 3 31 theme complexation-adsorption 592:614 arg1 process 616:622 complexation-adsorption process 592:622 complexation-adsorption process 592:622 The sorbent composite was designed to interact simultaneously with higher metal loading by complexation-adsorption process. 27185155 2 32 theme novel 364:368 arg1 cellulose 378:386 The novel sorbent cellulose 360:386 The novel sorbent cellulose 360:386 The novel sorbent cellulose was extracted from the mangrove trees (Avicennia marina) and it was then acetylated and grafted with acrylamide. 27185155 0 33 theme Pb 22:23 arg1 Removal 0:6 Removal 0:6 Removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from wastewater by using triethylenetetramine functionalized 0:88 Removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from wastewater by using triethylenetetramine functionalized grafted cellulose acetate-manganese dioxide composite. 27185155 7 34 theme studied 985:991 arg1 ions 999:1002 The studied metal ions 981:1002 The studied metal ions 981:1002 The studied metal ions were successfully recovered from real wastewater samples of different matrices. 27185155 0 35 theme dioxide 126:132 arg1 composite 134:142 cellulose acetate-manganese dioxide composite 98:142 cellulose acetate-manganese dioxide composite 98:142 Removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from wastewater by using triethylenetetramine functionalized grafted cellulose acetate-manganese dioxide composite. 27185155 1 36 theme Cd 196:197 arg1 removal 185:191 the removal 181:191 the removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution 181:239 In this manuscript, we have studied the removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution by using triethylenetetramine functionalized cellulose acetate grafted with the copolymer-manganese dioxide composite. 27185155 5 37 theme Sorption 725:732 arg1 equilibria 734:743 Sorption equilibria 725:743 Sorption equilibria 725:743 Sorption equilibria were established after 30min and their data were described by Langmuir and Freundlich models. 27185155 0 38 from wastewater 34:43 arg1 Removal 0:6 Removal 0:6 Removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from wastewater by using triethylenetetramine functionalized 0:88 Removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from wastewater by using triethylenetetramine functionalized grafted cellulose acetate-manganese dioxide composite. 27185155 3 39 theme higher 568:573 arg1 loading 581:587 higher metal loading 568:587 higher metal loading 568:587 The sorbent composite was designed to interact simultaneously with higher metal loading by complexation-adsorption process. 27185155 4 40 theme TGA 646:648 arg1 techniques 650:659 FT-IR, SEM, EDAX and TGA techniques 625:659 FT-IR, SEM, EDAX and TGA techniques 625:659 FT-IR, SEM, EDAX and TGA techniques were employed to characterize the cellulose modified composite. 27185155 1 41 theme triethylenetetramine 250:269 arg1 acetate 296:302 triethylenetetramine functionalized cellulose acetate 250:302 triethylenetetramine functionalized cellulose acetate grafted with the copolymer-manganese dioxide composite 250:357 In this manuscript, we have studied the removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution by using triethylenetetramine functionalized cellulose acetate grafted with the copolymer-manganese dioxide composite. 27185155 3 42 theme metal 575:579 arg1 loading 581:587 higher metal loading 568:587 higher metal loading 568:587 The sorbent composite was designed to interact simultaneously with higher metal loading by complexation-adsorption process. 27481647 8 0 theme excellent 1070:1078 arg1 activity 1090:1097 excellent catalytic activity 1070:1097 excellent catalytic activity 1070:1097 Furthermore, we demonstrated that the nanocomposite displays an excellent catalytic activity and reusability in three reduction reactions of toxic compounds i.e. conversion of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, 2-nitrophenol to 2-aminophenol, and methyl orange dye reduction by NaBH4. 27481647 5 1 theme water 809:813 arg1 process 841:847 water based in-situ preparation process 809:847 water based in-situ preparation process 809:847 Thus, we achieved Ni nanoparticles-CS composite through water based in-situ preparation process. 27481647 1 2 theme green 241:245 arg1 substrate 247:255 green substrate 241:255 green substrate for the synthesis of nickel (Ni) nanoparticles in thin chitosan (CS) coating layer and their easy separation was demonstrated for next use 241:394 In this report, we used cellulose filter paper (FP) as high surface area catalyst supporting green substrate for the synthesis of nickel (Ni) nanoparticles in thin chitosan (CS) coating layer and their easy separation was demonstrated for next use. 27481647 8 3 theme catalytic 1080:1088 arg1 activity 1090:1097 excellent catalytic activity 1070:1097 excellent catalytic activity 1070:1097 Furthermore, we demonstrated that the nanocomposite displays an excellent catalytic activity and reusability in three reduction reactions of toxic compounds i.e. conversion of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, 2-nitrophenol to 2-aminophenol, and methyl orange dye reduction by NaBH4. 27481647 2 4 theme host 527:530 arg1 CS-FP 479:483 CS-FP 479:483 CS-FP 479:483 In this work, FP was coated with a 1 wt% CS solution onto cellulose FP to prepare CS-FP as an economical and environment friendly host material. 27481647 2 4 theme host 527:530 arg1 material 532:539 an economical and environment friendly host material 488:539 an economical and environment friendly host material 488:539 In this work, FP was coated with a 1 wt% CS solution onto cellulose FP to prepare CS-FP as an economical and environment friendly host material. 27481647 9 5 theme various 1409:1415 arg1 applications 1417:1428 various applications 1409:1428 various applications in catalysis, sensing, and environmental sciences 1409:1478 Such a fabrication process of Ni/CS-FP may be applicable for the immobilization of other metal nanoparticles onto FP for various applications in catalysis, sensing, and environmental sciences. 27481647 5 6 theme based 815:819 arg1 process 841:847 water based in-situ preparation process 809:847 water based in-situ preparation process 809:847 Thus, we achieved Ni nanoparticles-CS composite through water based in-situ preparation process. 27481647 8 7 from activity 1090:1097 arg1 reactions 1134:1142 three reduction reactions 1118:1142 three reduction reactions of toxic compounds i.e. conversion of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, 2-nitrophenol to 2-aminophenol, and methyl orange dye reduction by NaBH4 1118:1285 Furthermore, we demonstrated that the nanocomposite displays an excellent catalytic activity and reusability in three reduction reactions of toxic compounds i.e. conversion of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, 2-nitrophenol to 2-aminophenol, and methyl orange dye reduction by NaBH4. 27481647 2 8 theme cellulose 455:463 arg1 FP 465:466 cellulose FP 455:466 cellulose FP 455:466 In this work, FP was coated with a 1 wt% CS solution onto cellulose FP to prepare CS-FP as an economical and environment friendly host material. 27481647 3 9 theme Ni2+ 612:615 arg1 ions 617:620 Ni2+ ions 612:620 Ni2+ ions 612:620 CS-FP was put into 0.2 M NiCl2 aqueous solution for the adsorption of Ni2+ ions by CS coating layer. 27481647 2 10 theme friendly 518:525 arg1 CS-FP 479:483 CS-FP 479:483 CS-FP 479:483 In this work, FP was coated with a 1 wt% CS solution onto cellulose FP to prepare CS-FP as an economical and environment friendly host material. 27481647 2 10 theme friendly 518:525 arg1 material 532:539 an economical and environment friendly host material 488:539 an economical and environment friendly host material 488:539 In this work, FP was coated with a 1 wt% CS solution onto cellulose FP to prepare CS-FP as an economical and environment friendly host material. 27481647 1 11 used used 167:170 arg2 we 164:165 we 164:165 we 164:165 In this report, we used cellulose filter paper (FP) as high surface area catalyst supporting green substrate for the synthesis of nickel (Ni) nanoparticles in thin chitosan (CS) coating layer and their easy separation was demonstrated for next use. 27481647 9 12 theme metal 1377:1381 arg1 nanoparticles 1383:1395 other metal nanoparticles 1371:1395 other metal nanoparticles 1371:1395 Such a fabrication process of Ni/CS-FP may be applicable for the immobilization of other metal nanoparticles onto FP for various applications in catalysis, sensing, and environmental sciences. 27481647 0 13 theme recoverable 95:105 arg1 dip-catalyst 107:118 An efficient and easily recoverable dip-catalyst 71:118 Nickel nanoparticles-chitosan composite coated cellulose filter paper: An efficient and easily recoverable dip-catalyst for pollutants degradation. 0:146 Nickel nanoparticles-chitosan composite coated cellulose filter paper: An efficient and easily recoverable dip-catalyst for pollutants degradation. 27481647 1 14 dep nanoparticles 290:302 arg1 demonstrated 370:381 demonstrated 370:381 was demonstrated for next use 366:394 In this report, we used cellulose filter paper (FP) as high surface area catalyst supporting green substrate for the synthesis of nickel (Ni) nanoparticles in thin chitosan (CS) coating layer and their easy separation was demonstrated for next use. 27481647 2 15 theme environment 506:516 arg1 CS-FP 479:483 CS-FP 479:483 CS-FP 479:483 In this work, FP was coated with a 1 wt% CS solution onto cellulose FP to prepare CS-FP as an economical and environment friendly host material. 27481647 2 15 theme environment 506:516 arg1 material 532:539 an economical and environment friendly host material 488:539 an economical and environment friendly host material 488:539 In this work, FP was coated with a 1 wt% CS solution onto cellulose FP to prepare CS-FP as an economical and environment friendly host material. 27481647 6 16 theme Ni 861:862 arg1 formations 878:887 Successful Ni nanoparticles formations 850:887 Successful Ni nanoparticles formations 850:887 Successful Ni nanoparticles formations was assessed by FESEM and EDX analyses. 27481647 9 17 theme nanoparticles 1383:1395 arg1 immobilization 1353:1366 the immobilization 1349:1366 the immobilization of other metal nanoparticles onto FP for various applications in catalysis, sensing, and environmental sciences 1349:1478 Such a fabrication process of Ni/CS-FP may be applicable for the immobilization of other metal nanoparticles onto FP for various applications in catalysis, sensing, and environmental sciences. 27481647 0 18 theme pollutants 124:133 arg1 degradation 135:145 pollutants degradation 124:145 pollutants degradation 124:145 Nickel nanoparticles-chitosan composite coated cellulose filter paper: An efficient and easily recoverable dip-catalyst for pollutants degradation. 27481647 8 19 theme methyl 1250:1255 arg1 reduction 1268:1276 methyl orange dye reduction 1250:1276 methyl orange dye reduction by NaBH4 1250:1285 Furthermore, we demonstrated that the nanocomposite displays an excellent catalytic activity and reusability in three reduction reactions of toxic compounds i.e. conversion of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, 2-nitrophenol to 2-aminophenol, and methyl orange dye reduction by NaBH4. 27481647 8 20 dep activity 1090:1097 arg1 an 1067:1068 an 1067:1068 an 1067:1068 Furthermore, we demonstrated that the nanocomposite displays an excellent catalytic activity and reusability in three reduction reactions of toxic compounds i.e. conversion of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, 2-nitrophenol to 2-aminophenol, and methyl orange dye reduction by NaBH4. 27481647 4 21 theme 0.1 M 684:688 arg1 solution 704:711 0.1 M NaBH4 aqueous solution 684:711 0.1 M NaBH4 aqueous solution 684:711 The Ni2+ adsorbed CS-FP was treated with 0.1 M NaBH4 aqueous solution to convert the ions into nanoparticles. 27481647 1 22 theme cellulose 172:180 arg1 paper 189:193 cellulose filter paper 172:193 cellulose filter paper (FP) 172:198 In this report, we used cellulose filter paper (FP) as high surface area catalyst supporting green substrate for the synthesis of nickel (Ni) nanoparticles in thin chitosan (CS) coating layer and their easy separation was demonstrated for next use. 27481647 1 22 theme cellulose 172:180 arg1 FP 196:197 FP 196:197 FP 196:197 In this report, we used cellulose filter paper (FP) as high surface area catalyst supporting green substrate for the synthesis of nickel (Ni) nanoparticles in thin chitosan (CS) coating layer and their easy separation was demonstrated for next use. 27481647 2 23 theme CS 438:439 arg1 solution 441:448 a 1 wt% CS solution 430:448 a 1 wt% CS solution onto cellulose FP 430:466 In this work, FP was coated with a 1 wt% CS solution onto cellulose FP to prepare CS-FP as an economical and environment friendly host material. 27481647 9 24 theme other 1371:1375 arg1 nanoparticles 1383:1395 other metal nanoparticles 1371:1395 other metal nanoparticles 1371:1395 Such a fabrication process of Ni/CS-FP may be applicable for the immobilization of other metal nanoparticles onto FP for various applications in catalysis, sensing, and environmental sciences. 27481647 8 25 theme reduction 1124:1132 arg1 reactions 1134:1142 three reduction reactions 1118:1142 three reduction reactions of toxic compounds i.e. conversion of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, 2-nitrophenol to 2-aminophenol, and methyl orange dye reduction by NaBH4 1118:1285 Furthermore, we demonstrated that the nanocomposite displays an excellent catalytic activity and reusability in three reduction reactions of toxic compounds i.e. conversion of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, 2-nitrophenol to 2-aminophenol, and methyl orange dye reduction by NaBH4. 27481647 1 26 theme filter 182:187 arg1 paper 189:193 cellulose filter paper 172:193 cellulose filter paper (FP) 172:198 In this report, we used cellulose filter paper (FP) as high surface area catalyst supporting green substrate for the synthesis of nickel (Ni) nanoparticles in thin chitosan (CS) coating layer and their easy separation was demonstrated for next use. 27481647 1 26 theme filter 182:187 arg1 FP 196:197 FP 196:197 FP 196:197 In this report, we used cellulose filter paper (FP) as high surface area catalyst supporting green substrate for the synthesis of nickel (Ni) nanoparticles in thin chitosan (CS) coating layer and their easy separation was demonstrated for next use. 27481647 0 27 theme nanoparticles-chitosan 7:28 arg1 paper 64:68 Nickel nanoparticles-chitosan composite coated cellulose filter paper 0:68 Nickel nanoparticles-chitosan composite coated cellulose filter paper: An efficient and easily recoverable dip-catalyst for pollutants degradation. 0:146 Nickel nanoparticles-chitosan composite coated cellulose filter paper: An efficient and easily recoverable dip-catalyst for pollutants degradation. 27481647 2 28 theme % 436:436 arg1 solution 441:448 a 1 wt% CS solution 430:448 a 1 wt% CS solution onto cellulose FP 430:466 In this work, FP was coated with a 1 wt% CS solution onto cellulose FP to prepare CS-FP as an economical and environment friendly host material. 27481647 4 29 theme Ni2+ 647:650 arg1 CS-FP 661:665 The Ni2+ adsorbed CS-FP 643:665 The Ni2+ adsorbed CS-FP 643:665 The Ni2+ adsorbed CS-FP was treated with 0.1 M NaBH4 aqueous solution to convert the ions into nanoparticles. 27481647 5 30 theme Ni 771:772 arg1 composite 791:799 Ni nanoparticles-CS composite 771:799 Ni nanoparticles-CS composite 771:799 Thus, we achieved Ni nanoparticles-CS composite through water based in-situ preparation process. 27481647 0 31 theme Nickel 0:5 arg1 paper 64:68 Nickel nanoparticles-chitosan composite coated cellulose filter paper 0:68 Nickel nanoparticles-chitosan composite coated cellulose filter paper: An efficient and easily recoverable dip-catalyst for pollutants degradation. 0:146 Nickel nanoparticles-chitosan composite coated cellulose filter paper: An efficient and easily recoverable dip-catalyst for pollutants degradation. 27481647 3 32 theme aqueous 573:579 arg1 solution 581:588 0.2 M NiCl2 aqueous solution 561:588 0.2 M NiCl2 aqueous solution for the adsorption of Ni2+ ions by CS coating layer 561:640 CS-FP was put into 0.2 M NiCl2 aqueous solution for the adsorption of Ni2+ ions by CS coating layer. 27481647 0 33 theme coated 40:45 arg1 paper 64:68 Nickel nanoparticles-chitosan composite coated cellulose filter paper 0:68 Nickel nanoparticles-chitosan composite coated cellulose filter paper: An efficient and easily recoverable dip-catalyst for pollutants degradation. 0:146 Nickel nanoparticles-chitosan composite coated cellulose filter paper: An efficient and easily recoverable dip-catalyst for pollutants degradation. 27481647 8 34 theme toxic 1147:1151 arg1 compounds 1153:1161 toxic compounds 1147:1161 toxic compounds i.e. conversion of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, 2-nitrophenol to 2-aminophenol, and methyl orange dye reduction by NaBH4 1147:1285 Furthermore, we demonstrated that the nanocomposite displays an excellent catalytic activity and reusability in three reduction reactions of toxic compounds i.e. conversion of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, 2-nitrophenol to 2-aminophenol, and methyl orange dye reduction by NaBH4. 27481647 0 35 theme composite 30:38 arg1 paper 64:68 Nickel nanoparticles-chitosan composite coated cellulose filter paper 0:68 Nickel nanoparticles-chitosan composite coated cellulose filter paper: An efficient and easily recoverable dip-catalyst for pollutants degradation. 0:146 Nickel nanoparticles-chitosan composite coated cellulose filter paper: An efficient and easily recoverable dip-catalyst for pollutants degradation. 27481647 1 36 theme nickel 278:283 arg1 nanoparticles 290:302 nickel (Ni) nanoparticles 278:302 nickel (Ni) nanoparticles in thin chitosan (CS) coating layer and their easy separation was demonstrated for next use 278:394 In this report, we used cellulose filter paper (FP) as high surface area catalyst supporting green substrate for the synthesis of nickel (Ni) nanoparticles in thin chitosan (CS) coating layer and their easy separation was demonstrated for next use. 27481647 8 37 dep conversion 1168:1177 arg1 i.e. 1163:1166 i.e. 1163:1166 i.e. 1163:1166 Furthermore, we demonstrated that the nanocomposite displays an excellent catalytic activity and reusability in three reduction reactions of toxic compounds i.e. conversion of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, 2-nitrophenol to 2-aminophenol, and methyl orange dye reduction by NaBH4. 27481647 3 38 theme NiCl2 567:571 arg1 solution 581:588 0.2 M NiCl2 aqueous solution 561:588 0.2 M NiCl2 aqueous solution for the adsorption of Ni2+ ions by CS coating layer 561:640 CS-FP was put into 0.2 M NiCl2 aqueous solution for the adsorption of Ni2+ ions by CS coating layer. 27481647 4 39 theme adsorbed 652:659 arg1 CS-FP 661:665 The Ni2+ adsorbed CS-FP 643:665 The Ni2+ adsorbed CS-FP 643:665 The Ni2+ adsorbed CS-FP was treated with 0.1 M NaBH4 aqueous solution to convert the ions into nanoparticles. 27481647 0 40 theme filter 57:62 arg1 paper 64:68 Nickel nanoparticles-chitosan composite coated cellulose filter paper 0:68 Nickel nanoparticles-chitosan composite coated cellulose filter paper: An efficient and easily recoverable dip-catalyst for pollutants degradation. 0:146 Nickel nanoparticles-chitosan composite coated cellulose filter paper: An efficient and easily recoverable dip-catalyst for pollutants degradation. 27481647 5 41 theme preparation 829:839 arg1 process 841:847 water based in-situ preparation process 809:847 water based in-situ preparation process 809:847 Thus, we achieved Ni nanoparticles-CS composite through water based in-situ preparation process. 27481647 1 42 theme easy 350:353 arg1 separation 355:364 their easy separation 344:364 their easy separation 344:364 In this report, we used cellulose filter paper (FP) as high surface area catalyst supporting green substrate for the synthesis of nickel (Ni) nanoparticles in thin chitosan (CS) coating layer and their easy separation was demonstrated for next use. 27481647 5 43 theme nanoparticles-CS 774:789 arg1 composite 791:799 Ni nanoparticles-CS composite 771:799 Ni nanoparticles-CS composite 771:799 Thus, we achieved Ni nanoparticles-CS composite through water based in-situ preparation process. 27481647 9 44 theme fabrication 1295:1305 arg1 applicable 1334:1343 applicable 1334:1343 applicable 1334:1343 Such a fabrication process of Ni/CS-FP may be applicable for the immobilization of other metal nanoparticles onto FP for various applications in catalysis, sensing, and environmental sciences. 27481647 9 44 theme fabrication 1295:1305 arg1 process 1307:1313 Such a fabrication process 1288:1313 Such a fabrication process of Ni/CS-FP 1288:1325 Such a fabrication process of Ni/CS-FP may be applicable for the immobilization of other metal nanoparticles onto FP for various applications in catalysis, sensing, and environmental sciences. 27481647 0 45 theme cellulose 47:55 arg1 paper 64:68 Nickel nanoparticles-chitosan composite coated cellulose filter paper 0:68 Nickel nanoparticles-chitosan composite coated cellulose filter paper: An efficient and easily recoverable dip-catalyst for pollutants degradation. 0:146 Nickel nanoparticles-chitosan composite coated cellulose filter paper: An efficient and easily recoverable dip-catalyst for pollutants degradation. 27481647 7 46 theme host 991:994 arg1 material 996:1003 host material 991:1003 host material 991:1003 FTIR used to track the interactions between nanoparticles and host material. 27481647 0 47 dep paper 64:68 arg1 dip-catalyst 107:118 An efficient and easily recoverable dip-catalyst 71:118 Nickel nanoparticles-chitosan composite coated cellulose filter paper: An efficient and easily recoverable dip-catalyst for pollutants degradation. 0:146 Nickel nanoparticles-chitosan composite coated cellulose filter paper: An efficient and easily recoverable dip-catalyst for pollutants degradation. 27481647 1 48 theme high 203:206 arg1 catalyst 221:228 high surface area catalyst 203:228 high surface area catalyst supporting green substrate for the synthesis of nickel (Ni) nanoparticles in thin chitosan (CS) coating layer and their easy separation was demonstrated for next use 203:394 In this report, we used cellulose filter paper (FP) as high surface area catalyst supporting green substrate for the synthesis of nickel (Ni) nanoparticles in thin chitosan (CS) coating layer and their easy separation was demonstrated for next use. 27481647 6 49 theme nanoparticles 864:876 arg1 formations 878:887 Successful Ni nanoparticles formations 850:887 Successful Ni nanoparticles formations 850:887 Successful Ni nanoparticles formations was assessed by FESEM and EDX analyses. 27481647 8 50 theme compounds 1153:1161 arg1 reactions 1134:1142 three reduction reactions 1118:1142 three reduction reactions of toxic compounds i.e. conversion of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, 2-nitrophenol to 2-aminophenol, and methyl orange dye reduction by NaBH4 1118:1285 Furthermore, we demonstrated that the nanocomposite displays an excellent catalytic activity and reusability in three reduction reactions of toxic compounds i.e. conversion of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, 2-nitrophenol to 2-aminophenol, and methyl orange dye reduction by NaBH4. 27481647 3 51 theme 0.2 M 561:565 arg1 solution 581:588 0.2 M NiCl2 aqueous solution 561:588 0.2 M NiCl2 aqueous solution for the adsorption of Ni2+ ions by CS coating layer 561:640 CS-FP was put into 0.2 M NiCl2 aqueous solution for the adsorption of Ni2+ ions by CS coating layer. 27481647 6 52 dep FESEM 905:909 arg1 analyses 919:926 analyses 919:926 analyses 919:926 Successful Ni nanoparticles formations was assessed by FESEM and EDX analyses. 27481647 5 53 theme in-situ 821:827 arg1 process 841:847 water based in-situ preparation process 809:847 water based in-situ preparation process 809:847 Thus, we achieved Ni nanoparticles-CS composite through water based in-situ preparation process. 27481647 9 54 theme environmental 1457:1469 arg1 sciences 1471:1478 environmental sciences 1457:1478 environmental sciences 1457:1478 Such a fabrication process of Ni/CS-FP may be applicable for the immobilization of other metal nanoparticles onto FP for various applications in catalysis, sensing, and environmental sciences. 27481647 1 55 theme nanoparticles 290:302 arg1 synthesis 265:273 the synthesis 261:273 the synthesis of nickel (Ni) nanoparticles in thin chitosan (CS) coating layer and their easy separation was demonstrated for next use 261:394 In this report, we used cellulose filter paper (FP) as high surface area catalyst supporting green substrate for the synthesis of nickel (Ni) nanoparticles in thin chitosan (CS) coating layer and their easy separation was demonstrated for next use. 27481647 2 56 theme economical 491:500 arg1 CS-FP 479:483 CS-FP 479:483 CS-FP 479:483 In this work, FP was coated with a 1 wt% CS solution onto cellulose FP to prepare CS-FP as an economical and environment friendly host material. 27481647 2 56 theme economical 491:500 arg1 material 532:539 an economical and environment friendly host material 488:539 an economical and environment friendly host material 488:539 In this work, FP was coated with a 1 wt% CS solution onto cellulose FP to prepare CS-FP as an economical and environment friendly host material. 27481647 9 57 from applications 1417:1428 arg1 sensing 1444:1450 sensing 1444:1450 sensing 1444:1450 Such a fabrication process of Ni/CS-FP may be applicable for the immobilization of other metal nanoparticles onto FP for various applications in catalysis, sensing, and environmental sciences. 27481647 9 57 from applications 1417:1428 arg1 catalysis 1433:1441 catalysis 1433:1441 catalysis 1433:1441 Such a fabrication process of Ni/CS-FP may be applicable for the immobilization of other metal nanoparticles onto FP for various applications in catalysis, sensing, and environmental sciences. 27481647 9 57 from applications 1417:1428 arg1 sciences 1471:1478 environmental sciences 1457:1478 environmental sciences 1457:1478 Such a fabrication process of Ni/CS-FP may be applicable for the immobilization of other metal nanoparticles onto FP for various applications in catalysis, sensing, and environmental sciences. 27481647 3 58 theme ions 617:620 arg1 adsorption 598:607 the adsorption 594:607 the adsorption of Ni2+ ions by CS coating layer 594:640 CS-FP was put into 0.2 M NiCl2 aqueous solution for the adsorption of Ni2+ ions by CS coating layer. 27481647 7 59 used used 934:937 arg2 FTIR 929:932 FTIR 929:932 FTIR 929:932 FTIR used to track the interactions between nanoparticles and host material. 27481647 6 60 theme Successful 850:859 arg1 formations 878:887 Successful Ni nanoparticles formations 850:887 Successful Ni nanoparticles formations 850:887 Successful Ni nanoparticles formations was assessed by FESEM and EDX analyses. 27481647 4 61 theme aqueous 696:702 arg1 solution 704:711 0.1 M NaBH4 aqueous solution 684:711 0.1 M NaBH4 aqueous solution 684:711 The Ni2+ adsorbed CS-FP was treated with 0.1 M NaBH4 aqueous solution to convert the ions into nanoparticles. 27481647 8 62 theme dye 1264:1266 arg1 reduction 1268:1276 methyl orange dye reduction 1250:1276 methyl orange dye reduction by NaBH4 1250:1285 Furthermore, we demonstrated that the nanocomposite displays an excellent catalytic activity and reusability in three reduction reactions of toxic compounds i.e. conversion of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, 2-nitrophenol to 2-aminophenol, and methyl orange dye reduction by NaBH4. 27481647 1 63 theme surface 208:214 arg1 catalyst 221:228 high surface area catalyst 203:228 high surface area catalyst supporting green substrate for the synthesis of nickel (Ni) nanoparticles in thin chitosan (CS) coating layer and their easy separation was demonstrated for next use 203:394 In this report, we used cellulose filter paper (FP) as high surface area catalyst supporting green substrate for the synthesis of nickel (Ni) nanoparticles in thin chitosan (CS) coating layer and their easy separation was demonstrated for next use. 27481647 1 64 theme next 387:390 arg1 use 392:394 next use 387:394 next use 387:394 In this report, we used cellulose filter paper (FP) as high surface area catalyst supporting green substrate for the synthesis of nickel (Ni) nanoparticles in thin chitosan (CS) coating layer and their easy separation was demonstrated for next use. 27481647 4 65 theme NaBH4 690:694 arg1 solution 704:711 0.1 M NaBH4 aqueous solution 684:711 0.1 M NaBH4 aqueous solution 684:711 The Ni2+ adsorbed CS-FP was treated with 0.1 M NaBH4 aqueous solution to convert the ions into nanoparticles. 27481647 8 66 theme orange 1257:1262 arg1 reduction 1268:1276 methyl orange dye reduction 1250:1276 methyl orange dye reduction by NaBH4 1250:1285 Furthermore, we demonstrated that the nanocomposite displays an excellent catalytic activity and reusability in three reduction reactions of toxic compounds i.e. conversion of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, 2-nitrophenol to 2-aminophenol, and methyl orange dye reduction by NaBH4. 27481647 1 67 theme area 216:219 arg1 catalyst 221:228 high surface area catalyst 203:228 high surface area catalyst supporting green substrate for the synthesis of nickel (Ni) nanoparticles in thin chitosan (CS) coating layer and their easy separation was demonstrated for next use 203:394 In this report, we used cellulose filter paper (FP) as high surface area catalyst supporting green substrate for the synthesis of nickel (Ni) nanoparticles in thin chitosan (CS) coating layer and their easy separation was demonstrated for next use. 27481647 0 68 theme efficient 74:82 arg1 dip-catalyst 107:118 An efficient and easily recoverable dip-catalyst 71:118 Nickel nanoparticles-chitosan composite coated cellulose filter paper: An efficient and easily recoverable dip-catalyst for pollutants degradation. 0:146 Nickel nanoparticles-chitosan composite coated cellulose filter paper: An efficient and easily recoverable dip-catalyst for pollutants degradation. 27481647 8 69 from reusability 1103:1113 arg1 reactions 1134:1142 three reduction reactions 1118:1142 three reduction reactions of toxic compounds i.e. conversion of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, 2-nitrophenol to 2-aminophenol, and methyl orange dye reduction by NaBH4 1118:1285 Furthermore, we demonstrated that the nanocomposite displays an excellent catalytic activity and reusability in three reduction reactions of toxic compounds i.e. conversion of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, 2-nitrophenol to 2-aminophenol, and methyl orange dye reduction by NaBH4. 27481647 8 70 theme 4-nitrophenol 1182:1194 arg1 conversion 1168:1177 conversion 1168:1177 conversion of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, 2-nitrophenol to 2-aminophenol, and methyl orange dye reduction by NaBH4 1168:1285 Furthermore, we demonstrated that the nanocomposite displays an excellent catalytic activity and reusability in three reduction reactions of toxic compounds i.e. conversion of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, 2-nitrophenol to 2-aminophenol, and methyl orange dye reduction by NaBH4. 27481647 2 71 theme 1 wt 432:435 arg1 solution 441:448 a 1 wt% CS solution 430:448 a 1 wt% CS solution onto cellulose FP 430:466 In this work, FP was coated with a 1 wt% CS solution onto cellulose FP to prepare CS-FP as an economical and environment friendly host material. 27481647 1 72 theme thin 307:310 arg1 CS 322:323 CS 322:323 CS 322:323 In this report, we used cellulose filter paper (FP) as high surface area catalyst supporting green substrate for the synthesis of nickel (Ni) nanoparticles in thin chitosan (CS) coating layer and their easy separation was demonstrated for next use. 27481647 1 72 theme thin 307:310 arg1 chitosan 312:319 thin chitosan 307:319 thin chitosan (CS) coating layer and their easy separation 307:364 In this report, we used cellulose filter paper (FP) as high surface area catalyst supporting green substrate for the synthesis of nickel (Ni) nanoparticles in thin chitosan (CS) coating layer and their easy separation was demonstrated for next use. 27481647 9 73 theme Ni/CS-FP 1318:1325 arg1 applicable 1334:1343 applicable 1334:1343 applicable 1334:1343 Such a fabrication process of Ni/CS-FP may be applicable for the immobilization of other metal nanoparticles onto FP for various applications in catalysis, sensing, and environmental sciences. 27481647 9 73 theme Ni/CS-FP 1318:1325 arg1 process 1307:1313 Such a fabrication process 1288:1313 Such a fabrication process of Ni/CS-FP 1288:1325 Such a fabrication process of Ni/CS-FP may be applicable for the immobilization of other metal nanoparticles onto FP for various applications in catalysis, sensing, and environmental sciences. 25865276 1 0 theme pioneering 133:142 arg1 studies 144:150 pioneering studies 133:150 pioneering studies related to the biotechnological production of xanthan, the commercially most important polysaccharide of bacterial origin 133:272 Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459 was used in pioneering studies related to the biotechnological production of xanthan, the commercially most important polysaccharide of bacterial origin. 25865276 2 1 theme strain 382:387 arg1 plasmid 354:360 the first complete plasmid 335:360 the first complete plasmid of an X. campestris strain applied in biotechnology 335:412 The analysis of its genome revealed a 5.1Mb chromosome plus the first complete plasmid of an X. campestris strain applied in biotechnology. 25865276 2 2 theme first 339:343 arg1 plasmid 354:360 the first complete plasmid 335:360 the first complete plasmid of an X. campestris strain applied in biotechnology 335:412 The analysis of its genome revealed a 5.1Mb chromosome plus the first complete plasmid of an X. campestris strain applied in biotechnology. 25865276 1 3 theme bacterial 257:265 arg1 origin 267:272 bacterial origin 257:272 bacterial origin 257:272 Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459 was used in pioneering studies related to the biotechnological production of xanthan, the commercially most important polysaccharide of bacterial origin. 25865276 2 4 theme complete 345:352 arg1 plasmid 354:360 the first complete plasmid 335:360 the first complete plasmid of an X. campestris strain applied in biotechnology 335:412 The analysis of its genome revealed a 5.1Mb chromosome plus the first complete plasmid of an X. campestris strain applied in biotechnology. 25865276 1 5 theme origin 267:272 arg1 xanthan 198:204 xanthan 198:204 xanthan 198:204 Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459 was used in pioneering studies related to the biotechnological production of xanthan, the commercially most important polysaccharide of bacterial origin. 25865276 1 5 theme origin 267:272 arg1 polysaccharide 239:252 the commercially most important polysaccharide 207:252 the commercially most important polysaccharide of bacterial origin 207:272 Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459 was used in pioneering studies related to the biotechnological production of xanthan, the commercially most important polysaccharide of bacterial origin. 25865276 1 6 theme related 152:158 arg1 studies 144:150 pioneering studies 133:150 pioneering studies related to the biotechnological production of xanthan, the commercially most important polysaccharide of bacterial origin 133:272 Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459 was used in pioneering studies related to the biotechnological production of xanthan, the commercially most important polysaccharide of bacterial origin. 25865276 1 7 used used 125:128 arg2 B-1459 114:119 Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459 86:119 Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459 86:119 Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459 was used in pioneering studies related to the biotechnological production of xanthan, the commercially most important polysaccharide of bacterial origin. 25865276 2 8 theme campestris 371:380 arg1 strain 382:387 an X. campestris strain 365:387 an X. campestris strain applied in biotechnology 365:412 The analysis of its genome revealed a 5.1Mb chromosome plus the first complete plasmid of an X. campestris strain applied in biotechnology. 25865276 2 9 theme X. 368:369 arg1 strain 382:387 an X. campestris strain 365:387 an X. campestris strain applied in biotechnology 365:412 The analysis of its genome revealed a 5.1Mb chromosome plus the first complete plasmid of an X. campestris strain applied in biotechnology. 25865276 0 10 theme Draft 0:4 arg1 genome 6:11 Draft genome 0:11 Draft genome of the xanthan producer Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459 (ATCC 13951) 0:83 Draft genome of the xanthan producer Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459 (ATCC 13951). 25865276 1 11 theme biotechnological 167:182 arg1 production 184:193 the biotechnological production 163:193 the biotechnological production of xanthan, the commercially most important polysaccharide of bacterial origin 163:272 Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459 was used in pioneering studies related to the biotechnological production of xanthan, the commercially most important polysaccharide of bacterial origin. 25865276 2 12 theme genome 295:300 arg1 analysis 279:286 The analysis 275:286 The analysis of its genome 275:300 The analysis of its genome revealed a 5.1Mb chromosome plus the first complete plasmid of an X. campestris strain applied in biotechnology. 25865276 1 13 theme Xanthomonas 86:96 arg1 campestris 98:107 Xanthomonas campestris 86:107 Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459 86:119 Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459 was used in pioneering studies related to the biotechnological production of xanthan, the commercially most important polysaccharide of bacterial origin. 25865276 0 14 theme producer 28:35 arg1 genome 6:11 Draft genome 0:11 Draft genome of the xanthan producer Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459 (ATCC 13951) 0:83 Draft genome of the xanthan producer Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459 (ATCC 13951). 25865276 1 15 theme xanthan 198:204 arg1 production 184:193 the biotechnological production 163:193 the biotechnological production of xanthan, the commercially most important polysaccharide of bacterial origin 163:272 Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459 was used in pioneering studies related to the biotechnological production of xanthan, the commercially most important polysaccharide of bacterial origin. 25865276 0 16 theme xanthan 20:26 arg1 producer 28:35 the xanthan producer 16:35 the xanthan producer 16:35 Draft genome of the xanthan producer Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459 (ATCC 13951). 25865276 1 17 theme campestris 98:107 arg1 B-1459 114:119 Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459 86:119 Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459 86:119 Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459 was used in pioneering studies related to the biotechnological production of xanthan, the commercially most important polysaccharide of bacterial origin. 25865276 1 18 theme NRRL 109:112 arg1 B-1459 114:119 Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459 86:119 Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459 86:119 Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459 was used in pioneering studies related to the biotechnological production of xanthan, the commercially most important polysaccharide of bacterial origin. 25865276 2 19 theme 5.1Mb 313:317 arg1 chromosome 319:328 a 5.1Mb chromosome 311:328 a 5.1Mb chromosome 311:328 The analysis of its genome revealed a 5.1Mb chromosome plus the first complete plasmid of an X. campestris strain applied in biotechnology. 25865276 0 20 dep genome 6:11 arg1 ATCC 73:76 ATCC 13951 73:82 ATCC 13951 73:82 Draft genome of the xanthan producer Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459 (ATCC 13951). 25865276 0 20 dep genome 6:11 arg1 B-1459 65:70 NRRL B-1459 60:70 Draft genome of the xanthan producer Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459 (ATCC 13951) 0:83 Draft genome of the xanthan producer Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459 (ATCC 13951). 25865276 0 21 theme NRRL 60:63 arg1 ATCC 73:76 ATCC 13951 73:82 ATCC 13951 73:82 Draft genome of the xanthan producer Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459 (ATCC 13951). 25865276 0 21 theme NRRL 60:63 arg1 B-1459 65:70 NRRL B-1459 60:70 Draft genome of the xanthan producer Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459 (ATCC 13951) 0:83 Draft genome of the xanthan producer Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459 (ATCC 13951). 25865276 1 22 theme important 229:237 arg1 xanthan 198:204 xanthan 198:204 xanthan 198:204 Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459 was used in pioneering studies related to the biotechnological production of xanthan, the commercially most important polysaccharide of bacterial origin. 25865276 1 22 theme important 229:237 arg1 polysaccharide 239:252 the commercially most important polysaccharide 207:252 the commercially most important polysaccharide of bacterial origin 207:272 Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459 was used in pioneering studies related to the biotechnological production of xanthan, the commercially most important polysaccharide of bacterial origin. 24952101 0 0 theme stationary 89:98 arg1 phase 100:104 a stationary phase 87:104 a stationary phase for liquid chromatographic separation of darunavir enantiomers 87:167 Thermodynamic evaluation of immobilized cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) as a stationary phase for liquid chromatographic separation of darunavir enantiomers. 24952101 1 1 theme solvents 369:376 arg1 variety 345:351 a variety 343:351 a variety of mobile phase solvents 343:376 Liquid chromatographic separation of darunavir (DRV) enantiomers was studied on Chiralpak IC column containing immobilized cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) using a variety of mobile phase solvents at different temperatures. 24952101 1 1 theme solvents 369:376 arg1 solvents 369:376 mobile phase solvents 356:376 mobile phase solvents 356:376 Liquid chromatographic separation of darunavir (DRV) enantiomers was studied on Chiralpak IC column containing immobilized cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) using a variety of mobile phase solvents at different temperatures. 24952101 2 2 dep modifier 519:526 arg1 1-propanol 552:561 1-propanol 552:561 1-propanol 552:561 The separations were accomplished under normal phase conditions using different compositions of n-hexane, organic modifier (2-propanol, ethanol or 1-propanol) and diethyl amine (0.1%) as mobile phase solvents. 24952101 2 2 dep modifier 519:526 arg1 ethanol 541:547 ethanol 541:547 ethanol 541:547 The separations were accomplished under normal phase conditions using different compositions of n-hexane, organic modifier (2-propanol, ethanol or 1-propanol) and diethyl amine (0.1%) as mobile phase solvents. 24952101 2 2 dep modifier 519:526 arg1 2-propanol 529:538 2-propanol 529:538 2-propanol 529:538 The separations were accomplished under normal phase conditions using different compositions of n-hexane, organic modifier (2-propanol, ethanol or 1-propanol) and diethyl amine (0.1%) as mobile phase solvents. 24952101 1 3 theme chromatographic 177:191 arg1 separation 193:202 Liquid chromatographic separation 170:202 Liquid chromatographic separation of darunavir (DRV) enantiomers 170:233 Liquid chromatographic separation of darunavir (DRV) enantiomers was studied on Chiralpak IC column containing immobilized cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) using a variety of mobile phase solvents at different temperatures. 24952101 2 4 dep phase 599:603 arg1 solvents 605:612 solvents 605:612 mobile phase solvents 592:612 The separations were accomplished under normal phase conditions using different compositions of n-hexane, organic modifier (2-propanol, ethanol or 1-propanol) and diethyl amine (0.1%) as mobile phase solvents. 24952101 4 5 theme thermodynamic 852:864 arg1 parameters 866:875 apparent thermodynamic parameters 843:875 apparent thermodynamic parameters 843:875 Van't Hoff plots (ln k' vs 1/T) were drawn from the chromatographic retention data to calculate to apparent thermodynamic parameters and explain the interactions between the DRV enantiomers and cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) immobilized on silica. 24952101 1 6 theme immobilized 281:291 arg1 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate 308:334 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate 308:334 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate 308:334 Liquid chromatographic separation of darunavir (DRV) enantiomers was studied on Chiralpak IC column containing immobilized cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) using a variety of mobile phase solvents at different temperatures. 24952101 1 6 theme immobilized 281:291 arg1 tris 303:306 immobilized cellulose tris 281:306 immobilized cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) 281:335 Liquid chromatographic separation of darunavir (DRV) enantiomers was studied on Chiralpak IC column containing immobilized cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) using a variety of mobile phase solvents at different temperatures. 24952101 2 7 theme amine 576:580 arg1 compositions 485:496 different compositions 475:496 different compositions of n-hexane, organic modifier (2-propanol, ethanol or 1-propanol) and diethyl amine (0.1%) 475:587 The separations were accomplished under normal phase conditions using different compositions of n-hexane, organic modifier (2-propanol, ethanol or 1-propanol) and diethyl amine (0.1%) as mobile phase solvents. 24952101 1 8 theme different 381:389 arg1 temperatures 391:402 different temperatures 381:402 different temperatures 381:402 Liquid chromatographic separation of darunavir (DRV) enantiomers was studied on Chiralpak IC column containing immobilized cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) using a variety of mobile phase solvents at different temperatures. 24952101 1 9 theme cellulose 293:301 arg1 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate 308:334 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate 308:334 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate 308:334 Liquid chromatographic separation of darunavir (DRV) enantiomers was studied on Chiralpak IC column containing immobilized cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) using a variety of mobile phase solvents at different temperatures. 24952101 1 9 theme cellulose 293:301 arg1 tris 303:306 immobilized cellulose tris 281:306 immobilized cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) 281:335 Liquid chromatographic separation of darunavir (DRV) enantiomers was studied on Chiralpak IC column containing immobilized cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) using a variety of mobile phase solvents at different temperatures. 24952101 2 10 theme diethyl 568:574 arg1 % 586:586 0.1% 583:586 0.1% 583:586 The separations were accomplished under normal phase conditions using different compositions of n-hexane, organic modifier (2-propanol, ethanol or 1-propanol) and diethyl amine (0.1%) as mobile phase solvents. 24952101 2 10 theme diethyl 568:574 arg1 amine 576:580 diethyl amine 568:580 diethyl amine (0.1%) 568:587 The separations were accomplished under normal phase conditions using different compositions of n-hexane, organic modifier (2-propanol, ethanol or 1-propanol) and diethyl amine (0.1%) as mobile phase solvents. 24952101 0 11 theme chromatographic 117:131 arg1 separation 133:142 liquid chromatographic separation 110:142 liquid chromatographic separation of darunavir enantiomers 110:167 Thermodynamic evaluation of immobilized cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) as a stationary phase for liquid chromatographic separation of darunavir enantiomers. 24952101 2 12 theme normal 445:450 arg1 conditions 458:467 normal phase conditions 445:467 normal phase conditions using different compositions of n-hexane, organic modifier (2-propanol, ethanol or 1-propanol) and diethyl amine (0.1%) as mobile phase solvents 445:612 The separations were accomplished under normal phase conditions using different compositions of n-hexane, organic modifier (2-propanol, ethanol or 1-propanol) and diethyl amine (0.1%) as mobile phase solvents. 24952101 0 13 theme liquid 110:115 arg1 separation 133:142 liquid chromatographic separation 110:142 liquid chromatographic separation of darunavir enantiomers 110:167 Thermodynamic evaluation of immobilized cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) as a stationary phase for liquid chromatographic separation of darunavir enantiomers. 24952101 2 14 theme n-hexane 501:508 arg1 compositions 485:496 different compositions 475:496 different compositions of n-hexane, organic modifier (2-propanol, ethanol or 1-propanol) and diethyl amine (0.1%) 475:587 The separations were accomplished under normal phase conditions using different compositions of n-hexane, organic modifier (2-propanol, ethanol or 1-propanol) and diethyl amine (0.1%) as mobile phase solvents. 24952101 4 15 theme cellulose 938:946 arg1 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate 953:979 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate 953:979 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate 953:979 Van't Hoff plots (ln k' vs 1/T) were drawn from the chromatographic retention data to calculate to apparent thermodynamic parameters and explain the interactions between the DRV enantiomers and cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) immobilized on silica. 24952101 4 15 theme cellulose 938:946 arg1 tris 948:951 cellulose tris 938:951 cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) immobilized on silica 938:1002 Van't Hoff plots (ln k' vs 1/T) were drawn from the chromatographic retention data to calculate to apparent thermodynamic parameters and explain the interactions between the DRV enantiomers and cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) immobilized on silica. 24952101 1 16 theme darunavir 207:215 arg1 enantiomers 223:233 darunavir (DRV) enantiomers 207:233 darunavir (DRV) enantiomers 207:233 Liquid chromatographic separation of darunavir (DRV) enantiomers was studied on Chiralpak IC column containing immobilized cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) using a variety of mobile phase solvents at different temperatures. 24952101 4 17 theme apparent 843:850 arg1 parameters 866:875 apparent thermodynamic parameters 843:875 apparent thermodynamic parameters 843:875 Van't Hoff plots (ln k' vs 1/T) were drawn from the chromatographic retention data to calculate to apparent thermodynamic parameters and explain the interactions between the DRV enantiomers and cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) immobilized on silica. 24952101 0 18 theme Thermodynamic 0:12 arg1 evaluation 14:23 Thermodynamic evaluation 0:23 Thermodynamic evaluation of immobilized cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) as a stationary phase for liquid chromatographic separation of darunavir enantiomers. 0:168 Thermodynamic evaluation of immobilized cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) as a stationary phase for liquid chromatographic separation of darunavir enantiomers. 24952101 4 19 theme Hoff 750:753 arg1 plots 755:759 Van't Hoff plots 744:759 Van't Hoff plots (ln k' vs 1/T) 744:774 Van't Hoff plots (ln k' vs 1/T) were drawn from the chromatographic retention data to calculate to apparent thermodynamic parameters and explain the interactions between the DRV enantiomers and cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) immobilized on silica. 24952101 1 20 theme DRV 218:220 arg1 enantiomers 223:233 darunavir (DRV) enantiomers 207:233 darunavir (DRV) enantiomers 207:233 Liquid chromatographic separation of darunavir (DRV) enantiomers was studied on Chiralpak IC column containing immobilized cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) using a variety of mobile phase solvents at different temperatures. 24952101 0 21 theme immobilized 28:38 arg1 tris 50:53 immobilized cellulose tris 28:53 immobilized cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) 28:82 Thermodynamic evaluation of immobilized cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) as a stationary phase for liquid chromatographic separation of darunavir enantiomers. 24952101 0 21 theme immobilized 28:38 arg1 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate 55:81 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate 55:81 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate 55:81 Thermodynamic evaluation of immobilized cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) as a stationary phase for liquid chromatographic separation of darunavir enantiomers. 24952101 4 22 theme ln 762:763 arg1 k 765:765 ln k' 762:766 ln k' 762:766 Van't Hoff plots (ln k' vs 1/T) were drawn from the chromatographic retention data to calculate to apparent thermodynamic parameters and explain the interactions between the DRV enantiomers and cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) immobilized on silica. 24952101 2 23 theme different 475:483 arg1 compositions 485:496 different compositions 475:496 different compositions of n-hexane, organic modifier (2-propanol, ethanol or 1-propanol) and diethyl amine (0.1%) 475:587 The separations were accomplished under normal phase conditions using different compositions of n-hexane, organic modifier (2-propanol, ethanol or 1-propanol) and diethyl amine (0.1%) as mobile phase solvents. 24952101 4 24 theme DRV 918:920 arg1 enantiomers 922:932 the DRV enantiomers 914:932 the DRV enantiomers 914:932 Van't Hoff plots (ln k' vs 1/T) were drawn from the chromatographic retention data to calculate to apparent thermodynamic parameters and explain the interactions between the DRV enantiomers and cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) immobilized on silica. 24952101 3 25 from effect 619:624 arg1 resolution 719:728 resolution 719:728 resolution 719:728 The effect of volume and nature of organic modifier and column temperature on retention, separation and resolution were studied. 24952101 3 25 from effect 619:624 arg1 separation 704:713 separation 704:713 separation 704:713 The effect of volume and nature of organic modifier and column temperature on retention, separation and resolution were studied. 24952101 3 25 from effect 619:624 arg1 retention 693:701 retention 693:701 retention 693:701 The effect of volume and nature of organic modifier and column temperature on retention, separation and resolution were studied. 24952101 1 26 theme enantiomers 223:233 arg1 separation 193:202 Liquid chromatographic separation 170:202 Liquid chromatographic separation of darunavir (DRV) enantiomers 170:233 Liquid chromatographic separation of darunavir (DRV) enantiomers was studied on Chiralpak IC column containing immobilized cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) using a variety of mobile phase solvents at different temperatures. 24952101 0 27 theme tris 50:53 arg1 evaluation 14:23 Thermodynamic evaluation 0:23 Thermodynamic evaluation of immobilized cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) as a stationary phase for liquid chromatographic separation of darunavir enantiomers. 0:168 Thermodynamic evaluation of immobilized cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) as a stationary phase for liquid chromatographic separation of darunavir enantiomers. 24952101 0 28 theme enantiomers 157:167 arg1 separation 133:142 liquid chromatographic separation 110:142 liquid chromatographic separation of darunavir enantiomers 110:167 Thermodynamic evaluation of immobilized cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) as a stationary phase for liquid chromatographic separation of darunavir enantiomers. 24952101 3 29 theme column 671:676 arg1 temperature 678:688 column temperature 671:688 column temperature 671:688 The effect of volume and nature of organic modifier and column temperature on retention, separation and resolution were studied. 24952101 4 30 theme chromatographic 796:810 arg1 data 822:825 the chromatographic retention data 792:825 the chromatographic retention data 792:825 Van't Hoff plots (ln k' vs 1/T) were drawn from the chromatographic retention data to calculate to apparent thermodynamic parameters and explain the interactions between the DRV enantiomers and cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) immobilized on silica. 24952101 0 31 theme cellulose 40:48 arg1 tris 50:53 immobilized cellulose tris 28:53 immobilized cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) 28:82 Thermodynamic evaluation of immobilized cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) as a stationary phase for liquid chromatographic separation of darunavir enantiomers. 24952101 0 31 theme cellulose 40:48 arg1 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate 55:81 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate 55:81 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate 55:81 Thermodynamic evaluation of immobilized cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) as a stationary phase for liquid chromatographic separation of darunavir enantiomers. 24952101 0 32 theme darunavir 147:155 arg1 enantiomers 157:167 darunavir enantiomers 147:167 darunavir enantiomers 147:167 Thermodynamic evaluation of immobilized cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) as a stationary phase for liquid chromatographic separation of darunavir enantiomers. 24952101 3 33 theme organic 650:656 arg1 modifier 658:665 organic modifier 650:665 organic modifier 650:665 The effect of volume and nature of organic modifier and column temperature on retention, separation and resolution were studied. 24952101 2 34 theme phase 452:456 arg1 conditions 458:467 normal phase conditions 445:467 normal phase conditions using different compositions of n-hexane, organic modifier (2-propanol, ethanol or 1-propanol) and diethyl amine (0.1%) as mobile phase solvents 445:612 The separations were accomplished under normal phase conditions using different compositions of n-hexane, organic modifier (2-propanol, ethanol or 1-propanol) and diethyl amine (0.1%) as mobile phase solvents. 24952101 2 35 theme modifier 519:526 arg1 compositions 485:496 different compositions 475:496 different compositions of n-hexane, organic modifier (2-propanol, ethanol or 1-propanol) and diethyl amine (0.1%) 475:587 The separations were accomplished under normal phase conditions using different compositions of n-hexane, organic modifier (2-propanol, ethanol or 1-propanol) and diethyl amine (0.1%) as mobile phase solvents. 24952101 3 36 theme modifier 658:665 arg1 nature 640:645 nature 640:645 nature 640:645 The effect of volume and nature of organic modifier and column temperature on retention, separation and resolution were studied. 24952101 3 36 theme modifier 658:665 arg1 volume 629:634 volume 629:634 volume 629:634 The effect of volume and nature of organic modifier and column temperature on retention, separation and resolution were studied. 24952101 2 37 theme organic 511:517 arg1 modifier 519:526 organic modifier 511:526 organic modifier (2-propanol, ethanol or 1-propanol) 511:562 The separations were accomplished under normal phase conditions using different compositions of n-hexane, organic modifier (2-propanol, ethanol or 1-propanol) and diethyl amine (0.1%) as mobile phase solvents. 24952101 4 38 theme retention 812:820 arg1 data 822:825 the chromatographic retention data 792:825 the chromatographic retention data 792:825 Van't Hoff plots (ln k' vs 1/T) were drawn from the chromatographic retention data to calculate to apparent thermodynamic parameters and explain the interactions between the DRV enantiomers and cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) immobilized on silica. 24952101 1 39 theme mobile 356:361 arg1 solvents 369:376 mobile phase solvents 356:376 mobile phase solvents 356:376 Liquid chromatographic separation of darunavir (DRV) enantiomers was studied on Chiralpak IC column containing immobilized cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) using a variety of mobile phase solvents at different temperatures. 24952101 2 40 theme mobile 592:597 arg1 phase 599:603 mobile phase solvents 592:612 mobile phase solvents 592:612 The separations were accomplished under normal phase conditions using different compositions of n-hexane, organic modifier (2-propanol, ethanol or 1-propanol) and diethyl amine (0.1%) as mobile phase solvents. 24952101 3 41 theme nature 640:645 arg1 effect 619:624 The effect 615:624 The effect of volume and nature of organic modifier and column temperature on retention, separation and resolution 615:728 The effect of volume and nature of organic modifier and column temperature on retention, separation and resolution were studied. 24952101 4 42 dep plots 755:759 arg1 k 765:765 ln k' 762:766 ln k' 762:766 Van't Hoff plots (ln k' vs 1/T) were drawn from the chromatographic retention data to calculate to apparent thermodynamic parameters and explain the interactions between the DRV enantiomers and cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) immobilized on silica. 24952101 4 42 dep plots 755:759 arg1 1/T 771:773 1/T 771:773 1/T 771:773 Van't Hoff plots (ln k' vs 1/T) were drawn from the chromatographic retention data to calculate to apparent thermodynamic parameters and explain the interactions between the DRV enantiomers and cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) immobilized on silica. 24952101 3 43 theme temperature 678:688 arg1 nature 640:645 nature 640:645 nature 640:645 The effect of volume and nature of organic modifier and column temperature on retention, separation and resolution were studied. 24952101 3 43 theme temperature 678:688 arg1 volume 629:634 volume 629:634 volume 629:634 The effect of volume and nature of organic modifier and column temperature on retention, separation and resolution were studied. 24952101 1 44 theme Chiralpak 250:258 arg1 column 263:268 Chiralpak IC column 250:268 Chiralpak IC column containing immobilized cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) 250:335 Liquid chromatographic separation of darunavir (DRV) enantiomers was studied on Chiralpak IC column containing immobilized cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) using a variety of mobile phase solvents at different temperatures. 24952101 3 45 theme volume 629:634 arg1 effect 619:624 The effect 615:624 The effect of volume and nature of organic modifier and column temperature on retention, separation and resolution 615:728 The effect of volume and nature of organic modifier and column temperature on retention, separation and resolution were studied. 24952101 1 46 theme IC 260:261 arg1 column 263:268 Chiralpak IC column 250:268 Chiralpak IC column containing immobilized cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) 250:335 Liquid chromatographic separation of darunavir (DRV) enantiomers was studied on Chiralpak IC column containing immobilized cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) using a variety of mobile phase solvents at different temperatures. 24952101 1 47 theme phase 363:367 arg1 solvents 369:376 mobile phase solvents 356:376 mobile phase solvents 356:376 Liquid chromatographic separation of darunavir (DRV) enantiomers was studied on Chiralpak IC column containing immobilized cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) using a variety of mobile phase solvents at different temperatures. 24952101 1 48 contain containing 270:279 arg2 tris 303:306 immobilized cellulose tris 281:306 immobilized cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) 281:335 Liquid chromatographic separation of darunavir (DRV) enantiomers was studied on Chiralpak IC column containing immobilized cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) using a variety of mobile phase solvents at different temperatures. 24952101 1 48 contain containing 270:279 arg1 column 263:268 Chiralpak IC column 250:268 Chiralpak IC column containing immobilized cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) 250:335 Liquid chromatographic separation of darunavir (DRV) enantiomers was studied on Chiralpak IC column containing immobilized cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) using a variety of mobile phase solvents at different temperatures. 24952101 1 48 contain containing 270:279 arg2 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate 308:334 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate 308:334 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate 308:334 Liquid chromatographic separation of darunavir (DRV) enantiomers was studied on Chiralpak IC column containing immobilized cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) using a variety of mobile phase solvents at different temperatures. 24952101 1 49 theme Liquid 170:175 arg1 separation 193:202 Liquid chromatographic separation 170:202 Liquid chromatographic separation of darunavir (DRV) enantiomers 170:233 Liquid chromatographic separation of darunavir (DRV) enantiomers was studied on Chiralpak IC column containing immobilized cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) using a variety of mobile phase solvents at different temperatures. 28531995 4 0 theme chondroitin 608:618 arg1 TG 631:632 TG 631:632 TG 631:632 Here, they are three different nano-composites prepared such as nano-TiO2 with chitosan (TC), nano-TiO2 with chondroitin 4-sulfate (TG), and nano-TiO2 with chitosan and chondroitin 4-sulfate (TCG), whereas nano-TiO2 act as a control. 28531995 4 0 theme chondroitin 608:618 arg1 4-sulfate 620:628 chondroitin 4-sulfate 608:628 chondroitin 4-sulfate (TG) 608:633 Here, they are three different nano-composites prepared such as nano-TiO2 with chitosan (TC), nano-TiO2 with chondroitin 4-sulfate (TG), and nano-TiO2 with chitosan and chondroitin 4-sulfate (TCG), whereas nano-TiO2 act as a control. 28531995 7 1 theme bone-infecting 1121:1134 arg1 pathogens 1136:1144 bone-infecting pathogens 1121:1144 bone-infecting pathogens 1121:1144 The augmented fungicidal (~16mm) activities of TCG against bone-infecting pathogens can be effectively used in bone transplantation application. 28531995 2 2 theme natural 307:313 arg1 issues 289:294 issues 289:294 issues associated natural process of aging and degeneration of bone due to diseases 289:371 However, these are inadequate and inappropriate for addressing issues associated natural process of aging and degeneration of bone due to diseases. 28531995 2 2 theme natural 307:313 arg1 process 315:321 associated natural process 296:321 associated natural process of aging 296:330 However, these are inadequate and inappropriate for addressing issues associated natural process of aging and degeneration of bone due to diseases. 28531995 10 3 theme oxide 1690:1694 arg1 mutase 1696:1701 super oxide mutase 1684:1701 super oxide mutase 1684:1701 Contrarily, it was found that MG-63 along with nanocomposites statistically increases the production of ALP, antioxidant enzymes (super oxide mutase) and total antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power) in several folds compare with the control and nano-TiO2. 28531995 10 3 theme oxide 1690:1694 arg1 enzymes 1675:1681 antioxidant enzymes 1663:1681 antioxidant enzymes (super oxide mutase) 1663:1702 Contrarily, it was found that MG-63 along with nanocomposites statistically increases the production of ALP, antioxidant enzymes (super oxide mutase) and total antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power) in several folds compare with the control and nano-TiO2. 28531995 7 4 theme TCG 1109:1111 arg1 activities 1095:1104 The augmented fungicidal (~16mm) activities 1062:1104 The augmented fungicidal (~16mm) activities of TCG against bone-infecting pathogens 1062:1144 The augmented fungicidal (~16mm) activities of TCG against bone-infecting pathogens can be effectively used in bone transplantation application. 28531995 4 5 with chitosan 578:585 arg1 TG 631:632 TG 631:632 TG 631:632 Here, they are three different nano-composites prepared such as nano-TiO2 with chitosan (TC), nano-TiO2 with chondroitin 4-sulfate (TG), and nano-TiO2 with chitosan and chondroitin 4-sulfate (TCG), whereas nano-TiO2 act as a control. 28531995 4 5 with chitosan 578:585 arg1 4-sulfate 620:628 chondroitin 4-sulfate 608:628 chondroitin 4-sulfate (TG) 608:633 Here, they are three different nano-composites prepared such as nano-TiO2 with chitosan (TC), nano-TiO2 with chondroitin 4-sulfate (TG), and nano-TiO2 with chitosan and chondroitin 4-sulfate (TCG), whereas nano-TiO2 act as a control. 28531995 8 6 from genes 1245:1249 arg1 TCG 1336:1338 TCG 1336:1338 TCG 1336:1338 The expression of osteoblast-inducing genes in MG-63 cell line and their up-regulation in nanocomposite treatment, especially in TCG, made this material more desirable. 28531995 8 6 from genes 1245:1249 arg1 line 1265:1268 MG-63 cell line 1254:1268 MG-63 cell line 1254:1268 The expression of osteoblast-inducing genes in MG-63 cell line and their up-regulation in nanocomposite treatment, especially in TCG, made this material more desirable. 28531995 8 6 from genes 1245:1249 arg1 up-regulation 1280:1292 their up-regulation 1274:1292 their up-regulation in nanocomposite treatment 1274:1319 The expression of osteoblast-inducing genes in MG-63 cell line and their up-regulation in nanocomposite treatment, especially in TCG, made this material more desirable. 28531995 8 7 from expression 1211:1220 arg1 TCG 1336:1338 TCG 1336:1338 TCG 1336:1338 The expression of osteoblast-inducing genes in MG-63 cell line and their up-regulation in nanocomposite treatment, especially in TCG, made this material more desirable. 28531995 8 7 from expression 1211:1220 arg1 line 1265:1268 MG-63 cell line 1254:1268 MG-63 cell line 1254:1268 The expression of osteoblast-inducing genes in MG-63 cell line and their up-regulation in nanocomposite treatment, especially in TCG, made this material more desirable. 28531995 8 7 from expression 1211:1220 arg1 up-regulation 1280:1292 their up-regulation 1274:1292 their up-regulation in nanocomposite treatment 1274:1319 The expression of osteoblast-inducing genes in MG-63 cell line and their up-regulation in nanocomposite treatment, especially in TCG, made this material more desirable. 28531995 4 8 with nano-TiO2 563:571 arg1 chitosan 578:585 chitosan 578:585 chitosan (TC) 578:590 Here, they are three different nano-composites prepared such as nano-TiO2 with chitosan (TC), nano-TiO2 with chondroitin 4-sulfate (TG), and nano-TiO2 with chitosan and chondroitin 4-sulfate (TCG), whereas nano-TiO2 act as a control. 28531995 4 8 with nano-TiO2 563:571 arg1 nano-TiO2 640:648 nano-TiO2 640:648 nano-TiO2 640:648 Here, they are three different nano-composites prepared such as nano-TiO2 with chitosan (TC), nano-TiO2 with chondroitin 4-sulfate (TG), and nano-TiO2 with chitosan and chondroitin 4-sulfate (TCG), whereas nano-TiO2 act as a control. 28531995 4 8 with nano-TiO2 563:571 arg1 TC 588:589 TC 588:589 TC 588:589 Here, they are three different nano-composites prepared such as nano-TiO2 with chitosan (TC), nano-TiO2 with chondroitin 4-sulfate (TG), and nano-TiO2 with chitosan and chondroitin 4-sulfate (TCG), whereas nano-TiO2 act as a control. 28531995 4 8 with nano-TiO2 563:571 arg1 TCG 691:693 TCG 691:693 TCG 691:693 Here, they are three different nano-composites prepared such as nano-TiO2 with chitosan (TC), nano-TiO2 with chondroitin 4-sulfate (TG), and nano-TiO2 with chitosan and chondroitin 4-sulfate (TCG), whereas nano-TiO2 act as a control. 28531995 4 8 with nano-TiO2 563:571 arg1 chitosan 655:662 chitosan 655:662 chitosan 655:662 Here, they are three different nano-composites prepared such as nano-TiO2 with chitosan (TC), nano-TiO2 with chondroitin 4-sulfate (TG), and nano-TiO2 with chitosan and chondroitin 4-sulfate (TCG), whereas nano-TiO2 act as a control. 28531995 4 8 with nano-TiO2 563:571 arg1 nano-TiO2 593:601 nano-TiO2 593:601 nano-TiO2 with chondroitin 4-sulfate (TG) 593:633 Here, they are three different nano-composites prepared such as nano-TiO2 with chitosan (TC), nano-TiO2 with chondroitin 4-sulfate (TG), and nano-TiO2 with chitosan and chondroitin 4-sulfate (TCG), whereas nano-TiO2 act as a control. 28531995 4 8 with nano-TiO2 563:571 arg1 4-sulfate 680:688 chondroitin 4-sulfate 668:688 chondroitin 4-sulfate (TCG) 668:694 Here, they are three different nano-composites prepared such as nano-TiO2 with chitosan (TC), nano-TiO2 with chondroitin 4-sulfate (TG), and nano-TiO2 with chitosan and chondroitin 4-sulfate (TCG), whereas nano-TiO2 act as a control. 28531995 1 9 theme ever-growing 196:207 arg1 disruption 214:223 the ever-growing bone disruption 192:223 the ever-growing bone disruption 192:223 A number of materials are now available to alleviate the ever-growing bone disruption. 28531995 8 10 theme osteoblast-inducing 1225:1243 arg1 genes 1245:1249 osteoblast-inducing genes 1225:1249 osteoblast-inducing genes 1225:1249 The expression of osteoblast-inducing genes in MG-63 cell line and their up-regulation in nanocomposite treatment, especially in TCG, made this material more desirable. 28531995 6 11 theme MG-63 970:974 arg1 lines 981:985 the nanocomposite treated MG-63 cell lines 944:985 the nanocomposite treated MG-63 cell lines 944:985 In addition, the osteoinductive, free radical forming, and scavenging abilities of the nanocomposite treated MG-63 cell lines were analyzed using gene expression and biochemical analysis respectively. 28531995 8 12 theme nanocomposite 1297:1309 arg1 treatment 1311:1319 nanocomposite treatment 1297:1319 nanocomposite treatment 1297:1319 The expression of osteoblast-inducing genes in MG-63 cell line and their up-regulation in nanocomposite treatment, especially in TCG, made this material more desirable. 28531995 7 13 theme ~16mm 1088:1092 arg1 activities 1095:1104 The augmented fungicidal (~16mm) activities 1062:1104 The augmented fungicidal (~16mm) activities of TCG against bone-infecting pathogens 1062:1144 The augmented fungicidal (~16mm) activities of TCG against bone-infecting pathogens can be effectively used in bone transplantation application. 28531995 5 14 theme disk 838:841 arg1 method 853:858 disk diffusion method 838:858 disk diffusion method 838:858 The prepared nanocomposite was studied for determining its bactericidal and fungicidal activity by using disk diffusion method. 28531995 10 15 theme enzymes 1675:1681 arg1 production 1644:1653 the production 1640:1653 the production of ALP, antioxidant enzymes (super oxide mutase) and total antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power) in several folds compare with the control and nano-TiO2 1640:1825 Contrarily, it was found that MG-63 along with nanocomposites statistically increases the production of ALP, antioxidant enzymes (super oxide mutase) and total antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power) in several folds compare with the control and nano-TiO2. 28531995 7 16 theme fungicidal 1076:1085 arg1 activities 1095:1104 The augmented fungicidal (~16mm) activities 1062:1104 The augmented fungicidal (~16mm) activities of TCG against bone-infecting pathogens 1062:1144 The augmented fungicidal (~16mm) activities of TCG against bone-infecting pathogens can be effectively used in bone transplantation application. 28531995 8 17 from up-regulation 1280:1292 arg1 treatment 1311:1319 nanocomposite treatment 1297:1319 nanocomposite treatment 1297:1319 The expression of osteoblast-inducing genes in MG-63 cell line and their up-regulation in nanocomposite treatment, especially in TCG, made this material more desirable. 28531995 8 17 from up-regulation 1280:1292 arg1 expression 1211:1220 The expression 1207:1220 The expression of osteoblast-inducing genes in MG-63 cell line and their up-regulation in nanocomposite treatment, especially in TCG, 1207:1339 The expression of osteoblast-inducing genes in MG-63 cell line and their up-regulation in nanocomposite treatment, especially in TCG, made this material more desirable. 28531995 8 18 theme cell 1260:1263 arg1 line 1265:1268 MG-63 cell line 1254:1268 MG-63 cell line 1254:1268 The expression of osteoblast-inducing genes in MG-63 cell line and their up-regulation in nanocomposite treatment, especially in TCG, made this material more desirable. 28531995 11 19 theme statistical 1849:1859 arg1 scale 1861:1865 statistical scale 1849:1865 statistical scale 1849:1865 All the results with statistical scale suggest TCG as an effectual and affordable biomaterial in bone regeneration therapy among the prepared samples. 28531995 6 20 theme scavenging 920:929 arg1 abilities 931:939 the osteoinductive, free radical forming, and scavenging abilities 874:939 abilities 931:939 In addition, the osteoinductive, free radical forming, and scavenging abilities of the nanocomposite treated MG-63 cell lines were analyzed using gene expression and biochemical analysis respectively. 28531995 0 21 theme cellular 61:68 arg1 nanocomposites 91:104 extra cellular matrix protein-based nanocomposites 55:104 extra cellular matrix protein-based nanocomposites on degenerative bone treatments 55:136 Scavenging free radicals and soaring osteoinduction by extra cellular matrix protein-based nanocomposites on degenerative bone treatments. 28531995 6 22 theme gene 1007:1010 arg1 expression 1012:1021 gene expression 1007:1021 gene expression 1007:1021 In addition, the osteoinductive, free radical forming, and scavenging abilities of the nanocomposite treated MG-63 cell lines were analyzed using gene expression and biochemical analysis respectively. 28531995 0 23 theme protein-based 77:89 arg1 nanocomposites 91:104 extra cellular matrix protein-based nanocomposites 55:104 extra cellular matrix protein-based nanocomposites on degenerative bone treatments 55:136 Scavenging free radicals and soaring osteoinduction by extra cellular matrix protein-based nanocomposites on degenerative bone treatments. 28531995 11 24 from biomaterial 1910:1920 arg1 therapy 1943:1949 bone regeneration therapy 1925:1949 bone regeneration therapy 1925:1949 All the results with statistical scale suggest TCG as an effectual and affordable biomaterial in bone regeneration therapy among the prepared samples. 28531995 6 25 theme lines 981:985 arg1 abilities 931:939 the osteoinductive, free radical forming, and scavenging abilities 874:939 abilities 931:939 In addition, the osteoinductive, free radical forming, and scavenging abilities of the nanocomposite treated MG-63 cell lines were analyzed using gene expression and biochemical analysis respectively. 28531995 6 25 theme lines 981:985 arg1 radical 899:905 free radical forming 894:913 free radical forming 894:913 In addition, the osteoinductive, free radical forming, and scavenging abilities of the nanocomposite treated MG-63 cell lines were analyzed using gene expression and biochemical analysis respectively. 28531995 10 26 dep several 1774:1780 arg1 folds 1782:1786 folds 1782:1786 folds compare with the control and nano-TiO2 1782:1825 Contrarily, it was found that MG-63 along with nanocomposites statistically increases the production of ALP, antioxidant enzymes (super oxide mutase) and total antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power) in several folds compare with the control and nano-TiO2. 28531995 3 27 theme active 463:468 arg1 remedy 470:475 more privileged and synergistically active remedy 427:475 more privileged and synergistically active remedy 427:475 This study advances the existing material and offers more privileged and synergistically active remedy for these conditions. 28531995 0 28 theme bone 122:125 arg1 treatments 127:136 degenerative bone treatments 109:136 degenerative bone treatments 109:136 Scavenging free radicals and soaring osteoinduction by extra cellular matrix protein-based nanocomposites on degenerative bone treatments. 28531995 3 29 theme existing 398:405 arg1 material 407:414 the existing material 394:414 the existing material 394:414 This study advances the existing material and offers more privileged and synergistically active remedy for these conditions. 28531995 0 30 theme matrix 70:75 arg1 nanocomposites 91:104 extra cellular matrix protein-based nanocomposites 55:104 extra cellular matrix protein-based nanocomposites on degenerative bone treatments 55:136 Scavenging free radicals and soaring osteoinduction by extra cellular matrix protein-based nanocomposites on degenerative bone treatments. 28531995 11 31 theme regeneration 1930:1941 arg1 therapy 1943:1949 bone regeneration therapy 1925:1949 bone regeneration therapy 1925:1949 All the results with statistical scale suggest TCG as an effectual and affordable biomaterial in bone regeneration therapy among the prepared samples. 28531995 0 32 theme Scavenging 0:9 arg1 radicals 16:23 Scavenging free radicals 0:23 Scavenging free radicals 0:23 Scavenging free radicals and soaring osteoinduction by extra cellular matrix protein-based nanocomposites on degenerative bone treatments. 28531995 11 33 with results 1836:1842 arg1 scale 1861:1865 statistical scale 1849:1865 statistical scale 1849:1865 All the results with statistical scale suggest TCG as an effectual and affordable biomaterial in bone regeneration therapy among the prepared samples. 28531995 10 34 theme activity 1726:1733 arg1 production 1644:1653 the production 1640:1653 the production of ALP, antioxidant enzymes (super oxide mutase) and total antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power) in several folds compare with the control and nano-TiO2 1640:1825 Contrarily, it was found that MG-63 along with nanocomposites statistically increases the production of ALP, antioxidant enzymes (super oxide mutase) and total antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power) in several folds compare with the control and nano-TiO2. 28531995 7 35 theme transplantation 1178:1192 arg1 application 1194:1204 bone transplantation application 1173:1204 bone transplantation application 1173:1204 The augmented fungicidal (~16mm) activities of TCG against bone-infecting pathogens can be effectively used in bone transplantation application. 28531995 11 36 theme prepared 1961:1968 arg1 samples 1970:1976 the prepared samples 1957:1976 the prepared samples 1957:1976 All the results with statistical scale suggest TCG as an effectual and affordable biomaterial in bone regeneration therapy among the prepared samples. 28531995 10 37 theme total 1708:1712 arg1 power 1764:1768 ferric reducing antioxidant power 1736:1768 ferric reducing antioxidant power 1736:1768 Contrarily, it was found that MG-63 along with nanocomposites statistically increases the production of ALP, antioxidant enzymes (super oxide mutase) and total antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power) in several folds compare with the control and nano-TiO2. 28531995 10 37 theme total 1708:1712 arg1 activity 1726:1733 total antioxidant activity 1708:1733 total antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power) 1708:1769 Contrarily, it was found that MG-63 along with nanocomposites statistically increases the production of ALP, antioxidant enzymes (super oxide mutase) and total antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power) in several folds compare with the control and nano-TiO2. 28531995 11 38 theme effectual 1885:1893 arg1 biomaterial 1910:1920 an effectual and affordable biomaterial 1882:1920 an effectual and affordable biomaterial in bone regeneration therapy among the prepared samples 1882:1976 All the results with statistical scale suggest TCG as an effectual and affordable biomaterial in bone regeneration therapy among the prepared samples. 28531995 11 38 theme effectual 1885:1893 arg1 TCG 1875:1877 TCG 1875:1877 TCG 1875:1877 All the results with statistical scale suggest TCG as an effectual and affordable biomaterial in bone regeneration therapy among the prepared samples. 28531995 5 39 theme bactericidal 792:803 arg1 activity 820:827 its bactericidal and fungicidal activity 788:827 its bactericidal and fungicidal activity 788:827 The prepared nanocomposite was studied for determining its bactericidal and fungicidal activity by using disk diffusion method. 28531995 9 40 theme radicals 1398:1405 arg1 formation 1380:1388 The formation 1376:1388 The formation of free radicals such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and nitric oxide 1376:1469 The formation of free radicals such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and nitric oxide gradually reduced with the treatment of nanocomposites than control and nano-TiO2. 28531995 4 41 with nano-TiO2 640:648 arg1 TG 631:632 TG 631:632 TG 631:632 Here, they are three different nano-composites prepared such as nano-TiO2 with chitosan (TC), nano-TiO2 with chondroitin 4-sulfate (TG), and nano-TiO2 with chitosan and chondroitin 4-sulfate (TCG), whereas nano-TiO2 act as a control. 28531995 4 41 with nano-TiO2 640:648 arg1 4-sulfate 620:628 chondroitin 4-sulfate 608:628 chondroitin 4-sulfate (TG) 608:633 Here, they are three different nano-composites prepared such as nano-TiO2 with chitosan (TC), nano-TiO2 with chondroitin 4-sulfate (TG), and nano-TiO2 with chitosan and chondroitin 4-sulfate (TCG), whereas nano-TiO2 act as a control. 28531995 10 42 theme ferric 1736:1741 arg1 power 1764:1768 ferric reducing antioxidant power 1736:1768 ferric reducing antioxidant power 1736:1768 Contrarily, it was found that MG-63 along with nanocomposites statistically increases the production of ALP, antioxidant enzymes (super oxide mutase) and total antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power) in several folds compare with the control and nano-TiO2. 28531995 10 42 theme ferric 1736:1741 arg1 activity 1726:1733 total antioxidant activity 1708:1733 total antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power) 1708:1769 Contrarily, it was found that MG-63 along with nanocomposites statistically increases the production of ALP, antioxidant enzymes (super oxide mutase) and total antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power) in several folds compare with the control and nano-TiO2. 28531995 7 43 used used 1165:1168 arg2 activities 1095:1104 The augmented fungicidal (~16mm) activities 1062:1104 The augmented fungicidal (~16mm) activities of TCG against bone-infecting pathogens 1062:1144 The augmented fungicidal (~16mm) activities of TCG against bone-infecting pathogens can be effectively used in bone transplantation application. 28531995 9 44 theme acid 1430:1433 arg1 substance 1444:1452 thiobarbituric acid reactive substance 1415:1452 thiobarbituric acid reactive substance 1415:1452 The formation of free radicals such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and nitric oxide gradually reduced with the treatment of nanocomposites than control and nano-TiO2. 28531995 10 45 from production 1644:1653 arg1 several 1774:1780 several 1774:1780 several 1774:1780 Contrarily, it was found that MG-63 along with nanocomposites statistically increases the production of ALP, antioxidant enzymes (super oxide mutase) and total antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power) in several folds compare with the control and nano-TiO2. 28531995 4 46 dep nano-composites 530:544 arg1 whereas 697:703 whereas 697:703 whereas 697:703 Here, they are three different nano-composites prepared such as nano-TiO2 with chitosan (TC), nano-TiO2 with chondroitin 4-sulfate (TG), and nano-TiO2 with chitosan and chondroitin 4-sulfate (TCG), whereas nano-TiO2 act as a control. 28531995 11 47 theme affordable 1899:1908 arg1 biomaterial 1910:1920 an effectual and affordable biomaterial 1882:1920 an effectual and affordable biomaterial in bone regeneration therapy among the prepared samples 1882:1976 All the results with statistical scale suggest TCG as an effectual and affordable biomaterial in bone regeneration therapy among the prepared samples. 28531995 11 47 theme affordable 1899:1908 arg1 TCG 1875:1877 TCG 1875:1877 TCG 1875:1877 All the results with statistical scale suggest TCG as an effectual and affordable biomaterial in bone regeneration therapy among the prepared samples. 28531995 6 48 theme forming 907:913 arg1 radical 899:905 free radical forming 894:913 free radical forming 894:913 In addition, the osteoinductive, free radical forming, and scavenging abilities of the nanocomposite treated MG-63 cell lines were analyzed using gene expression and biochemical analysis respectively. 28531995 9 49 theme nitric 1458:1463 arg1 oxide 1465:1469 nitric oxide 1458:1469 nitric oxide 1458:1469 The formation of free radicals such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and nitric oxide gradually reduced with the treatment of nanocomposites than control and nano-TiO2. 28531995 6 50 theme free 894:897 arg1 radical 899:905 free radical forming 894:913 free radical forming 894:913 In addition, the osteoinductive, free radical forming, and scavenging abilities of the nanocomposite treated MG-63 cell lines were analyzed using gene expression and biochemical analysis respectively. 28531995 10 51 theme antioxidant 1752:1762 arg1 power 1764:1768 ferric reducing antioxidant power 1736:1768 ferric reducing antioxidant power 1736:1768 Contrarily, it was found that MG-63 along with nanocomposites statistically increases the production of ALP, antioxidant enzymes (super oxide mutase) and total antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power) in several folds compare with the control and nano-TiO2. 28531995 10 51 theme antioxidant 1752:1762 arg1 activity 1726:1733 total antioxidant activity 1708:1733 total antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power) 1708:1769 Contrarily, it was found that MG-63 along with nanocomposites statistically increases the production of ALP, antioxidant enzymes (super oxide mutase) and total antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power) in several folds compare with the control and nano-TiO2. 28531995 2 52 theme associated 296:305 arg1 issues 289:294 issues 289:294 issues associated natural process of aging and degeneration of bone due to diseases 289:371 However, these are inadequate and inappropriate for addressing issues associated natural process of aging and degeneration of bone due to diseases. 28531995 2 52 theme associated 296:305 arg1 process 315:321 associated natural process 296:321 associated natural process of aging 296:330 However, these are inadequate and inappropriate for addressing issues associated natural process of aging and degeneration of bone due to diseases. 28531995 6 53 theme osteoinductive 878:891 arg1 radical 899:905 free radical forming 894:913 free radical forming 894:913 In addition, the osteoinductive, free radical forming, and scavenging abilities of the nanocomposite treated MG-63 cell lines were analyzed using gene expression and biochemical analysis respectively. 28531995 10 54 theme ALP 1658:1660 arg1 production 1644:1653 the production 1640:1653 the production of ALP, antioxidant enzymes (super oxide mutase) and total antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power) in several folds compare with the control and nano-TiO2 1640:1825 Contrarily, it was found that MG-63 along with nanocomposites statistically increases the production of ALP, antioxidant enzymes (super oxide mutase) and total antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power) in several folds compare with the control and nano-TiO2. 28531995 6 55 theme cell 976:979 arg1 lines 981:985 the nanocomposite treated MG-63 cell lines 944:985 the nanocomposite treated MG-63 cell lines 944:985 In addition, the osteoinductive, free radical forming, and scavenging abilities of the nanocomposite treated MG-63 cell lines were analyzed using gene expression and biochemical analysis respectively. 28531995 4 56 theme chondroitin 668:678 arg1 TCG 691:693 TCG 691:693 TCG 691:693 Here, they are three different nano-composites prepared such as nano-TiO2 with chitosan (TC), nano-TiO2 with chondroitin 4-sulfate (TG), and nano-TiO2 with chitosan and chondroitin 4-sulfate (TCG), whereas nano-TiO2 act as a control. 28531995 4 56 theme chondroitin 668:678 arg1 4-sulfate 680:688 chondroitin 4-sulfate 668:688 chondroitin 4-sulfate (TCG) 668:694 Here, they are three different nano-composites prepared such as nano-TiO2 with chitosan (TC), nano-TiO2 with chondroitin 4-sulfate (TG), and nano-TiO2 with chitosan and chondroitin 4-sulfate (TCG), whereas nano-TiO2 act as a control. 28531995 2 57 theme aging 326:330 arg1 issues 289:294 issues 289:294 issues associated natural process of aging and degeneration of bone due to diseases 289:371 However, these are inadequate and inappropriate for addressing issues associated natural process of aging and degeneration of bone due to diseases. 28531995 2 57 theme aging 326:330 arg1 process 315:321 associated natural process 296:321 associated natural process of aging 296:330 However, these are inadequate and inappropriate for addressing issues associated natural process of aging and degeneration of bone due to diseases. 28531995 2 57 theme aging 326:330 arg1 degeneration 336:347 degeneration 336:347 degeneration of bone due to diseases 336:371 However, these are inadequate and inappropriate for addressing issues associated natural process of aging and degeneration of bone due to diseases. 28531995 1 58 theme bone 209:212 arg1 disruption 214:223 the ever-growing bone disruption 192:223 the ever-growing bone disruption 192:223 A number of materials are now available to alleviate the ever-growing bone disruption. 28531995 6 59 theme treated 962:968 arg1 lines 981:985 the nanocomposite treated MG-63 cell lines 944:985 the nanocomposite treated MG-63 cell lines 944:985 In addition, the osteoinductive, free radical forming, and scavenging abilities of the nanocomposite treated MG-63 cell lines were analyzed using gene expression and biochemical analysis respectively. 28531995 0 60 from nanocomposites 91:104 arg1 treatments 127:136 degenerative bone treatments 109:136 degenerative bone treatments 109:136 Scavenging free radicals and soaring osteoinduction by extra cellular matrix protein-based nanocomposites on degenerative bone treatments. 28531995 2 61 theme due 357:359 arg1 bone 352:355 bone 352:355 bone due to diseases 352:371 However, these are inadequate and inappropriate for addressing issues associated natural process of aging and degeneration of bone due to diseases. 28531995 7 62 theme augmented 1066:1074 arg1 activities 1095:1104 The augmented fungicidal (~16mm) activities 1062:1104 The augmented fungicidal (~16mm) activities of TCG against bone-infecting pathogens 1062:1144 The augmented fungicidal (~16mm) activities of TCG against bone-infecting pathogens can be effectively used in bone transplantation application. 28531995 9 63 theme nanocomposites 1511:1524 arg1 treatment 1498:1506 the treatment 1494:1506 the treatment of nanocomposites than control and nano-TiO2 1494:1551 The formation of free radicals such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and nitric oxide gradually reduced with the treatment of nanocomposites than control and nano-TiO2. 28531995 8 64 theme genes 1245:1249 arg1 expression 1211:1220 The expression 1207:1220 The expression of osteoblast-inducing genes in MG-63 cell line and their up-regulation in nanocomposite treatment, especially in TCG, 1207:1339 The expression of osteoblast-inducing genes in MG-63 cell line and their up-regulation in nanocomposite treatment, especially in TCG, made this material more desirable. 28531995 10 65 theme antioxidant 1663:1673 arg1 mutase 1696:1701 super oxide mutase 1684:1701 super oxide mutase 1684:1701 Contrarily, it was found that MG-63 along with nanocomposites statistically increases the production of ALP, antioxidant enzymes (super oxide mutase) and total antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power) in several folds compare with the control and nano-TiO2. 28531995 10 65 theme antioxidant 1663:1673 arg1 enzymes 1675:1681 antioxidant enzymes 1663:1681 antioxidant enzymes (super oxide mutase) 1663:1702 Contrarily, it was found that MG-63 along with nanocomposites statistically increases the production of ALP, antioxidant enzymes (super oxide mutase) and total antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power) in several folds compare with the control and nano-TiO2. 28531995 8 66 theme MG-63 1254:1258 arg1 line 1265:1268 MG-63 cell line 1254:1268 MG-63 cell line 1254:1268 The expression of osteoblast-inducing genes in MG-63 cell line and their up-regulation in nanocomposite treatment, especially in TCG, made this material more desirable. 28531995 10 67 dep control 1805:1811 arg1 the 1801:1803 the 1801:1803 the 1801:1803 Contrarily, it was found that MG-63 along with nanocomposites statistically increases the production of ALP, antioxidant enzymes (super oxide mutase) and total antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power) in several folds compare with the control and nano-TiO2. 28531995 8 68 from line 1265:1268 arg1 treatment 1311:1319 nanocomposite treatment 1297:1319 nanocomposite treatment 1297:1319 The expression of osteoblast-inducing genes in MG-63 cell line and their up-regulation in nanocomposite treatment, especially in TCG, made this material more desirable. 28531995 8 68 from line 1265:1268 arg1 expression 1211:1220 The expression 1207:1220 The expression of osteoblast-inducing genes in MG-63 cell line and their up-regulation in nanocomposite treatment, especially in TCG, 1207:1339 The expression of osteoblast-inducing genes in MG-63 cell line and their up-regulation in nanocomposite treatment, especially in TCG, made this material more desirable. 28531995 6 69 theme biochemical 1027:1037 arg1 analysis 1039:1046 biochemical analysis 1027:1046 biochemical analysis 1027:1046 In addition, the osteoinductive, free radical forming, and scavenging abilities of the nanocomposite treated MG-63 cell lines were analyzed using gene expression and biochemical analysis respectively. 28531995 2 70 theme bone 352:355 arg1 issues 289:294 issues 289:294 issues associated natural process of aging and degeneration of bone due to diseases 289:371 However, these are inadequate and inappropriate for addressing issues associated natural process of aging and degeneration of bone due to diseases. 28531995 2 70 theme bone 352:355 arg1 process 315:321 associated natural process 296:321 associated natural process of aging 296:330 However, these are inadequate and inappropriate for addressing issues associated natural process of aging and degeneration of bone due to diseases. 28531995 2 70 theme bone 352:355 arg1 degeneration 336:347 degeneration 336:347 degeneration of bone due to diseases 336:371 However, these are inadequate and inappropriate for addressing issues associated natural process of aging and degeneration of bone due to diseases. 28531995 5 71 theme prepared 737:744 arg1 nanocomposite 746:758 The prepared nanocomposite 733:758 The prepared nanocomposite 733:758 The prepared nanocomposite was studied for determining its bactericidal and fungicidal activity by using disk diffusion method. 28531995 4 72 with nano-TiO2 593:601 arg1 TG 631:632 TG 631:632 TG 631:632 Here, they are three different nano-composites prepared such as nano-TiO2 with chitosan (TC), nano-TiO2 with chondroitin 4-sulfate (TG), and nano-TiO2 with chitosan and chondroitin 4-sulfate (TCG), whereas nano-TiO2 act as a control. 28531995 4 72 with nano-TiO2 593:601 arg1 4-sulfate 620:628 chondroitin 4-sulfate 608:628 chondroitin 4-sulfate (TG) 608:633 Here, they are three different nano-composites prepared such as nano-TiO2 with chitosan (TC), nano-TiO2 with chondroitin 4-sulfate (TG), and nano-TiO2 with chitosan and chondroitin 4-sulfate (TCG), whereas nano-TiO2 act as a control. 28531995 1 73 theme materials 151:159 arg1 number 141:146 A number 139:146 A number of materials 139:159 A number of materials are now available to alleviate the ever-growing bone disruption. 28531995 1 73 theme materials 151:159 arg1 available 169:177 available 169:177 available 169:177 A number of materials are now available to alleviate the ever-growing bone disruption. 28531995 4 74 theme different 520:528 arg1 they 505:508 they 505:508 they 505:508 Here, they are three different nano-composites prepared such as nano-TiO2 with chitosan (TC), nano-TiO2 with chondroitin 4-sulfate (TG), and nano-TiO2 with chitosan and chondroitin 4-sulfate (TCG), whereas nano-TiO2 act as a control. 28531995 4 74 theme different 520:528 arg1 nano-composites 530:544 three different nano-composites 514:544 three different nano-composites prepared such as nano-TiO2 with chitosan (TC), nano-TiO2 with chondroitin 4-sulfate (TG), and nano-TiO2 with chitosan and chondroitin 4-sulfate (TCG) 514:694 Here, they are three different nano-composites prepared such as nano-TiO2 with chitosan (TC), nano-TiO2 with chondroitin 4-sulfate (TG), and nano-TiO2 with chitosan and chondroitin 4-sulfate (TCG), whereas nano-TiO2 act as a control. 28531995 2 75 dep issues 289:294 arg1 issues 289:294 issues 289:294 issues associated natural process of aging and degeneration of bone due to diseases 289:371 However, these are inadequate and inappropriate for addressing issues associated natural process of aging and degeneration of bone due to diseases. 28531995 2 75 dep issues 289:294 arg1 process 315:321 associated natural process 296:321 associated natural process of aging 296:330 However, these are inadequate and inappropriate for addressing issues associated natural process of aging and degeneration of bone due to diseases. 28531995 2 75 dep issues 289:294 arg1 degeneration 336:347 degeneration 336:347 degeneration of bone due to diseases 336:371 However, these are inadequate and inappropriate for addressing issues associated natural process of aging and degeneration of bone due to diseases. 28531995 0 76 theme degenerative 109:120 arg1 treatments 127:136 degenerative bone treatments 109:136 degenerative bone treatments 109:136 Scavenging free radicals and soaring osteoinduction by extra cellular matrix protein-based nanocomposites on degenerative bone treatments. 28531995 8 77 from TCG 1336:1338 arg1 expression 1211:1220 The expression 1207:1220 The expression of osteoblast-inducing genes in MG-63 cell line and their up-regulation in nanocomposite treatment, especially in TCG, 1207:1339 The expression of osteoblast-inducing genes in MG-63 cell line and their up-regulation in nanocomposite treatment, especially in TCG, made this material more desirable. 28531995 0 78 theme free 11:14 arg1 radicals 16:23 Scavenging free radicals 0:23 Scavenging free radicals 0:23 Scavenging free radicals and soaring osteoinduction by extra cellular matrix protein-based nanocomposites on degenerative bone treatments. 28531995 10 79 theme super 1684:1688 arg1 mutase 1696:1701 super oxide mutase 1684:1701 super oxide mutase 1684:1701 Contrarily, it was found that MG-63 along with nanocomposites statistically increases the production of ALP, antioxidant enzymes (super oxide mutase) and total antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power) in several folds compare with the control and nano-TiO2. 28531995 10 79 theme super 1684:1688 arg1 enzymes 1675:1681 antioxidant enzymes 1663:1681 antioxidant enzymes (super oxide mutase) 1663:1702 Contrarily, it was found that MG-63 along with nanocomposites statistically increases the production of ALP, antioxidant enzymes (super oxide mutase) and total antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power) in several folds compare with the control and nano-TiO2. 28531995 7 80 theme bone 1173:1176 arg1 transplantation 1178:1192 bone transplantation 1173:1192 bone transplantation application 1173:1204 The augmented fungicidal (~16mm) activities of TCG against bone-infecting pathogens can be effectively used in bone transplantation application. 28531995 5 81 theme fungicidal 809:818 arg1 activity 820:827 its bactericidal and fungicidal activity 788:827 its bactericidal and fungicidal activity 788:827 The prepared nanocomposite was studied for determining its bactericidal and fungicidal activity by using disk diffusion method. 28531995 10 82 theme antioxidant 1714:1724 arg1 power 1764:1768 ferric reducing antioxidant power 1736:1768 ferric reducing antioxidant power 1736:1768 Contrarily, it was found that MG-63 along with nanocomposites statistically increases the production of ALP, antioxidant enzymes (super oxide mutase) and total antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power) in several folds compare with the control and nano-TiO2. 28531995 10 82 theme antioxidant 1714:1724 arg1 activity 1726:1733 total antioxidant activity 1708:1733 total antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power) 1708:1769 Contrarily, it was found that MG-63 along with nanocomposites statistically increases the production of ALP, antioxidant enzymes (super oxide mutase) and total antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power) in several folds compare with the control and nano-TiO2. 28531995 5 83 theme diffusion 843:851 arg1 method 853:858 disk diffusion method 838:858 disk diffusion method 838:858 The prepared nanocomposite was studied for determining its bactericidal and fungicidal activity by using disk diffusion method. 28531995 3 84 theme privileged 432:441 arg1 remedy 470:475 more privileged and synergistically active remedy 427:475 more privileged and synergistically active remedy 427:475 This study advances the existing material and offers more privileged and synergistically active remedy for these conditions. 28531995 0 85 theme extra 55:59 arg1 nanocomposites 91:104 extra cellular matrix protein-based nanocomposites 55:104 extra cellular matrix protein-based nanocomposites on degenerative bone treatments 55:136 Scavenging free radicals and soaring osteoinduction by extra cellular matrix protein-based nanocomposites on degenerative bone treatments. 28531995 9 86 theme free 1393:1396 arg1 radicals 1398:1405 free radicals 1393:1405 free radicals such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and nitric oxide 1393:1469 The formation of free radicals such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and nitric oxide gradually reduced with the treatment of nanocomposites than control and nano-TiO2. 28531995 9 86 theme free 1393:1396 arg1 substance 1444:1452 thiobarbituric acid reactive substance 1415:1452 thiobarbituric acid reactive substance 1415:1452 The formation of free radicals such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and nitric oxide gradually reduced with the treatment of nanocomposites than control and nano-TiO2. 28531995 9 86 theme free 1393:1396 arg1 oxide 1465:1469 nitric oxide 1458:1469 nitric oxide 1458:1469 The formation of free radicals such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and nitric oxide gradually reduced with the treatment of nanocomposites than control and nano-TiO2. 28531995 10 87 theme reducing 1743:1750 arg1 power 1764:1768 ferric reducing antioxidant power 1736:1768 ferric reducing antioxidant power 1736:1768 Contrarily, it was found that MG-63 along with nanocomposites statistically increases the production of ALP, antioxidant enzymes (super oxide mutase) and total antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power) in several folds compare with the control and nano-TiO2. 28531995 10 87 theme reducing 1743:1750 arg1 activity 1726:1733 total antioxidant activity 1708:1733 total antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power) 1708:1769 Contrarily, it was found that MG-63 along with nanocomposites statistically increases the production of ALP, antioxidant enzymes (super oxide mutase) and total antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power) in several folds compare with the control and nano-TiO2. 28531995 9 88 theme thiobarbituric 1415:1428 arg1 substance 1444:1452 thiobarbituric acid reactive substance 1415:1452 thiobarbituric acid reactive substance 1415:1452 The formation of free radicals such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and nitric oxide gradually reduced with the treatment of nanocomposites than control and nano-TiO2. 28531995 11 89 theme bone 1925:1928 arg1 therapy 1943:1949 bone regeneration therapy 1925:1949 bone regeneration therapy 1925:1949 All the results with statistical scale suggest TCG as an effectual and affordable biomaterial in bone regeneration therapy among the prepared samples. 28531995 9 90 theme reactive 1435:1442 arg1 substance 1444:1452 thiobarbituric acid reactive substance 1415:1452 thiobarbituric acid reactive substance 1415:1452 The formation of free radicals such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and nitric oxide gradually reduced with the treatment of nanocomposites than control and nano-TiO2. 27702725 10 0 theme lactating 1402:1410 arg1 women 1412:1416 the lactating women 1398:1416 the lactating women who provided the breast milk 1398:1445 In addition, serum retinol and carotenoids, 25(OH)D, vitamin B-12, folic acid, ferritin and biochemical indicators (n=1,200 to 2,000) were analysed in the lactating women who provided the breast milk. 27702725 4 1 theme women 493:497 arg1 status 469:474 Nutritional and health status 446:474 status 469:474 Nutritional and health status of the lactating women and their infants were evaluated through questionnaire, physical examination and biochemical indicators. 27702725 1 2 theme recommended 153:163 arg1 RNIs 174:177 RNIs 174:177 RNIs 174:177 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Understanding human milk composition is critical for setting nutrient recommended intakes (RNIs) for both infants and lactating women. 27702725 1 2 theme recommended 153:163 arg1 intakes 165:171 nutrient recommended intakes 144:171 nutrient recommended intakes (RNIs) for both infants and lactating women 144:215 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Understanding human milk composition is critical for setting nutrient recommended intakes (RNIs) for both infants and lactating women. 27702725 5 3 dep RESULTS 604:610 arg1 total 614:618 A total 612:618 RESULTS A total of 6,481 breast milk samples including colostrum (1,859), transitional milk (1,235) and mature milk (3,387) 604:726 RESULTS A total of 6,481 breast milk samples including colostrum (1,859), transitional milk (1,235) and mature milk (3,387) were collected. 27702725 4 4 theme infants 509:515 arg1 status 469:474 Nutritional and health status 446:474 status 469:474 Nutritional and health status of the lactating women and their infants were evaluated through questionnaire, physical examination and biochemical indicators. 27702725 12 5 theme advanced 1611:1618 arg1 stage 1620:1624 an advanced stage 1608:1624 an advanced stage of development in China with the intention that it be available on-line 1608:1696 CONCLUSIONS A regional breast milk compositional database is at an advanced stage of development in China with the intention that it be available on-line. 27702725 4 6 theme biochemical 580:590 arg1 indicators 592:601 biochemical indicators 580:601 biochemical indicators 580:601 Nutritional and health status of the lactating women and their infants were evaluated through questionnaire, physical examination and biochemical indicators. 27702725 3 7 theme milk 353:356 arg1 samples 358:364 human milk samples 347:364 human milk samples from 11 provinces in China 347:391 METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN Through cross-sectional study, human milk samples from 11 provinces in China were collected and their compositions were analyzed. 27702725 6 8 theme human 851:855 arg1 analyzer 862:869 a human milk analyzer 849:869 a human milk analyzer 849:869 Contents of protein, fat, lactose, total solid and energy of more than 4,500 samples were analyzed using a human milk analyzer. 27702725 10 9 theme folic 1314:1318 arg1 acid 1320:1323 folic acid 1314:1323 folic acid 1314:1323 In addition, serum retinol and carotenoids, 25(OH)D, vitamin B-12, folic acid, ferritin and biochemical indicators (n=1,200 to 2,000) were analysed in the lactating women who provided the breast milk. 27702725 8 10 theme Free 940:943 arg1 B-vitamins 945:954 Free B-vitamins 940:954 Free B-vitamins including thiamin, riboflavin, pyridoxal, pyridomine, pyridoxamine, nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), biotin and pantothenic acid 940:1115 Free B-vitamins including thiamin, riboflavin, pyridoxal, pyridomine, pyridoxamine, nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), biotin and pantothenic acid were analyzed in 1,800 samples. 27702725 9 11 dep proteins 1172:1179 arg1 beta-casein 1202:1212 beta-casein 1202:1212 beta-casein 1202:1212 Amino acids (~800) and proteins (alpha-lactoalbumin, beta-casein, and lactoferrin) were analyzed. 27702725 9 11 dep proteins 1172:1179 arg1 lactoferrin 1219:1229 lactoferrin 1219:1229 lactoferrin 1219:1229 Amino acids (~800) and proteins (alpha-lactoalbumin, beta-casein, and lactoferrin) were analyzed. 27702725 9 11 dep proteins 1172:1179 arg1 alpha-lactoalbumin 1182:1199 alpha-lactoalbumin 1182:1199 alpha-lactoalbumin 1182:1199 Amino acids (~800) and proteins (alpha-lactoalbumin, beta-casein, and lactoferrin) were analyzed. 27702725 9 11 dep proteins 1172:1179 arg1 proteins 1172:1179 proteins 1172:1179 proteins (alpha-lactoalbumin, beta-casein, and lactoferrin) 1172:1230 Amino acids (~800) and proteins (alpha-lactoalbumin, beta-casein, and lactoferrin) were analyzed. 27702725 3 12 dep METHODS 291:297 arg1 collected 398:406 collected 398:406 were collected 393:406 METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN Through cross-sectional study, human milk samples from 11 provinces in China were collected and their compositions were analyzed. 27702725 6 13 theme lactose 770:776 arg1 Contents 744:751 Contents 744:751 Contents of protein, fat, lactose, total solid and energy of more than 4,500 samples 744:827 Contents of protein, fat, lactose, total solid and energy of more than 4,500 samples were analyzed using a human milk analyzer. 27702725 10 14 dep 2,000 1374:1378 arg1 to 1371:1372 to 1371:1372 to 1371:1372 In addition, serum retinol and carotenoids, 25(OH)D, vitamin B-12, folic acid, ferritin and biochemical indicators (n=1,200 to 2,000) were analysed in the lactating women who provided the breast milk. 27702725 0 15 from composition 35:45 arg1 China 50:54 China 50:54 China 50:54 An on-line database for human milk composition in China. 27702725 5 16 theme breast 629:634 arg1 samples 641:647 6,481 breast milk samples 623:647 6,481 breast milk samples including colostrum (1,859), transitional milk (1,235) and mature milk (3,387) 623:726 RESULTS A total of 6,481 breast milk samples including colostrum (1,859), transitional milk (1,235) and mature milk (3,387) were collected. 27702725 5 16 theme breast 629:634 arg1 milk 691:694 transitional milk 678:694 transitional milk (1,235) 678:702 RESULTS A total of 6,481 breast milk samples including colostrum (1,859), transitional milk (1,235) and mature milk (3,387) were collected. 27702725 5 16 theme breast 629:634 arg1 milk 715:718 mature milk 708:718 mature milk (3,387) 708:726 RESULTS A total of 6,481 breast milk samples including colostrum (1,859), transitional milk (1,235) and mature milk (3,387) were collected. 27702725 5 16 theme breast 629:634 arg1 colostrum 659:667 colostrum 659:667 colostrum (1,859) 659:675 RESULTS A total of 6,481 breast milk samples including colostrum (1,859), transitional milk (1,235) and mature milk (3,387) were collected. 27702725 5 17 theme 6,481 623:627 arg1 samples 641:647 6,481 breast milk samples 623:647 6,481 breast milk samples including colostrum (1,859), transitional milk (1,235) and mature milk (3,387) 623:726 RESULTS A total of 6,481 breast milk samples including colostrum (1,859), transitional milk (1,235) and mature milk (3,387) were collected. 27702725 5 17 theme 6,481 623:627 arg1 milk 691:694 transitional milk 678:694 transitional milk (1,235) 678:702 RESULTS A total of 6,481 breast milk samples including colostrum (1,859), transitional milk (1,235) and mature milk (3,387) were collected. 27702725 5 17 theme 6,481 623:627 arg1 milk 715:718 mature milk 708:718 mature milk (3,387) 708:726 RESULTS A total of 6,481 breast milk samples including colostrum (1,859), transitional milk (1,235) and mature milk (3,387) were collected. 27702725 5 17 theme 6,481 623:627 arg1 colostrum 659:667 colostrum 659:667 colostrum (1,859) 659:675 RESULTS A total of 6,481 breast milk samples including colostrum (1,859), transitional milk (1,235) and mature milk (3,387) were collected. 27702725 3 18 theme human 347:351 arg1 samples 358:364 human milk samples 347:364 human milk samples from 11 provinces in China 347:391 METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN Through cross-sectional study, human milk samples from 11 provinces in China were collected and their compositions were analyzed. 27702725 3 19 from provinces 374:382 arg1 China 387:391 China 387:391 China 387:391 METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN Through cross-sectional study, human milk samples from 11 provinces in China were collected and their compositions were analyzed. 27702725 3 19 from provinces 374:382 arg1 samples 358:364 human milk samples 347:364 human milk samples from 11 provinces in China 347:391 METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN Through cross-sectional study, human milk samples from 11 provinces in China were collected and their compositions were analyzed. 27702725 5 20 theme milk 636:639 arg1 samples 641:647 6,481 breast milk samples 623:647 6,481 breast milk samples including colostrum (1,859), transitional milk (1,235) and mature milk (3,387) 623:726 RESULTS A total of 6,481 breast milk samples including colostrum (1,859), transitional milk (1,235) and mature milk (3,387) were collected. 27702725 5 20 theme milk 636:639 arg1 milk 691:694 transitional milk 678:694 transitional milk (1,235) 678:702 RESULTS A total of 6,481 breast milk samples including colostrum (1,859), transitional milk (1,235) and mature milk (3,387) were collected. 27702725 5 20 theme milk 636:639 arg1 milk 715:718 mature milk 708:718 mature milk (3,387) 708:726 RESULTS A total of 6,481 breast milk samples including colostrum (1,859), transitional milk (1,235) and mature milk (3,387) were collected. 27702725 5 20 theme milk 636:639 arg1 colostrum 659:667 colostrum 659:667 colostrum (1,859) 659:675 RESULTS A total of 6,481 breast milk samples including colostrum (1,859), transitional milk (1,235) and mature milk (3,387) were collected. 27702725 6 21 theme fat 765:767 arg1 Contents 744:751 Contents 744:751 Contents of protein, fat, lactose, total solid and energy of more than 4,500 samples 744:827 Contents of protein, fat, lactose, total solid and energy of more than 4,500 samples were analyzed using a human milk analyzer. 27702725 11 22 dep work 1456:1459 arg1 acids 1468:1472 Fatty acids 1462:1472 Fatty acids (C4-C24) 1462:1481 Ongoing work: Fatty acids (C4-C24), fatsoluble vitamins and carotenoids, are on-going analysis. 27702725 11 22 dep work 1456:1459 arg1 analysis 1534:1541 on-going analysis 1525:1541 on-going analysis 1525:1541 Ongoing work: Fatty acids (C4-C24), fatsoluble vitamins and carotenoids, are on-going analysis. 27702725 12 23 from stage 1620:1624 arg1 China 1644:1648 China 1644:1648 China with the intention that it be available on-line 1644:1696 CONCLUSIONS A regional breast milk compositional database is at an advanced stage of development in China with the intention that it be available on-line. 27702725 0 24 theme on-line 3:9 arg1 database 11:18 An on-line database 0:18 An on-line database for human milk composition in China 0:54 An on-line database for human milk composition in China. 27702725 5 25 theme samples 641:647 arg1 total 614:618 A total 612:618 RESULTS A total of 6,481 breast milk samples including colostrum (1,859), transitional milk (1,235) and mature milk (3,387) 604:726 RESULTS A total of 6,481 breast milk samples including colostrum (1,859), transitional milk (1,235) and mature milk (3,387) were collected. 27702725 10 26 theme vitamin 1300:1306 arg1 B-12 1308:1311 vitamin B-12 1300:1311 vitamin B-12 1300:1311 In addition, serum retinol and carotenoids, 25(OH)D, vitamin B-12, folic acid, ferritin and biochemical indicators (n=1,200 to 2,000) were analysed in the lactating women who provided the breast milk. 27702725 5 27 theme transitional 678:689 arg1 milk 691:694 transitional milk 678:694 transitional milk (1,235) 678:702 RESULTS A total of 6,481 breast milk samples including colostrum (1,859), transitional milk (1,235) and mature milk (3,387) were collected. 27702725 5 27 theme transitional 678:689 arg1 1,235 697:701 1,235 697:701 1,235 697:701 RESULTS A total of 6,481 breast milk samples including colostrum (1,859), transitional milk (1,235) and mature milk (3,387) were collected. 27702725 6 28 theme milk 857:860 arg1 analyzer 862:869 a human milk analyzer 849:869 a human milk analyzer 849:869 Contents of protein, fat, lactose, total solid and energy of more than 4,500 samples were analyzed using a human milk analyzer. 27702725 4 29 theme physical 555:562 arg1 examination 564:574 physical examination 555:574 physical examination 555:574 Nutritional and health status of the lactating women and their infants were evaluated through questionnaire, physical examination and biochemical indicators. 27702725 6 30 theme protein 756:762 arg1 Contents 744:751 Contents 744:751 Contents of protein, fat, lactose, total solid and energy of more than 4,500 samples 744:827 Contents of protein, fat, lactose, total solid and energy of more than 4,500 samples were analyzed using a human milk analyzer. 27702725 8 31 theme pantothenic 1100:1110 arg1 acid 1112:1115 pantothenic acid 1100:1115 pantothenic acid 1100:1115 Free B-vitamins including thiamin, riboflavin, pyridoxal, pyridomine, pyridoxamine, nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), biotin and pantothenic acid were analyzed in 1,800 samples. 27702725 10 32 theme 25 1291:1292 arg1 D 1297:1297 25(OH)D 1291:1297 25(OH)D 1291:1297 In addition, serum retinol and carotenoids, 25(OH)D, vitamin B-12, folic acid, ferritin and biochemical indicators (n=1,200 to 2,000) were analysed in the lactating women who provided the breast milk. 27702725 1 33 theme human 97:101 arg1 composition 108:118 human milk composition 97:118 human milk composition 97:118 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Understanding human milk composition is critical for setting nutrient recommended intakes (RNIs) for both infants and lactating women. 27702725 12 34 dep CONCLUSIONS 1544:1554 arg1 stage 1620:1624 an advanced stage 1608:1624 an advanced stage of development in China with the intention that it be available on-line 1608:1696 CONCLUSIONS A regional breast milk compositional database is at an advanced stage of development in China with the intention that it be available on-line. 27702725 9 35 theme Amino 1149:1153 arg1 ~800 1162:1165 ~800 1162:1165 ~800 1162:1165 Amino acids (~800) and proteins (alpha-lactoalbumin, beta-casein, and lactoferrin) were analyzed. 27702725 9 35 theme Amino 1149:1153 arg1 acids 1155:1159 Amino acids 1149:1159 Amino acids (~800) 1149:1166 Amino acids (~800) and proteins (alpha-lactoalbumin, beta-casein, and lactoferrin) were analyzed. 27702725 4 36 theme Nutritional 446:456 arg1 status 469:474 Nutritional and health status 446:474 status 469:474 Nutritional and health status of the lactating women and their infants were evaluated through questionnaire, physical examination and biochemical indicators. 27702725 1 37 theme milk 103:106 arg1 composition 108:118 human milk composition 97:118 human milk composition 97:118 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Understanding human milk composition is critical for setting nutrient recommended intakes (RNIs) for both infants and lactating women. 27702725 12 38 with China 1644:1648 arg1 intention 1659:1667 the intention that it be available on-line 1655:1696 the intention that it be available on-line 1655:1696 CONCLUSIONS A regional breast milk compositional database is at an advanced stage of development in China with the intention that it be available on-line. 27702725 0 39 theme milk 30:33 arg1 composition 35:45 human milk composition 24:45 human milk composition in China 24:54 An on-line database for human milk composition in China. 27702725 0 40 theme human 24:28 arg1 composition 35:45 human milk composition 24:45 human milk composition in China 24:54 An on-line database for human milk composition in China. 27702725 5 41 theme mature 708:713 arg1 3,387 721:725 3,387 721:725 3,387 721:725 RESULTS A total of 6,481 breast milk samples including colostrum (1,859), transitional milk (1,235) and mature milk (3,387) were collected. 27702725 5 41 theme mature 708:713 arg1 milk 715:718 mature milk 708:718 mature milk (3,387) 708:726 RESULTS A total of 6,481 breast milk samples including colostrum (1,859), transitional milk (1,235) and mature milk (3,387) were collected. 27702725 4 42 theme health 462:467 arg1 status 469:474 Nutritional and health status 446:474 status 469:474 Nutritional and health status of the lactating women and their infants were evaluated through questionnaire, physical examination and biochemical indicators. 27702725 10 43 theme serum 1260:1264 arg1 retinol 1266:1272 serum retinol 1260:1272 serum retinol 1260:1272 In addition, serum retinol and carotenoids, 25(OH)D, vitamin B-12, folic acid, ferritin and biochemical indicators (n=1,200 to 2,000) were analysed in the lactating women who provided the breast milk. 27702725 1 44 theme lactating 201:209 arg1 women 211:215 lactating women 201:215 lactating women 201:215 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Understanding human milk composition is critical for setting nutrient recommended intakes (RNIs) for both infants and lactating women. 27702725 8 45 theme flavin 1054:1059 arg1 FAD 1083:1085 FAD 1083:1085 FAD 1083:1085 Free B-vitamins including thiamin, riboflavin, pyridoxal, pyridomine, pyridoxamine, nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), biotin and pantothenic acid were analyzed in 1,800 samples. 27702725 8 45 theme flavin 1054:1059 arg1 dinucleotide 1069:1080 flavin adenine dinucleotide 1054:1080 flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) 1054:1086 Free B-vitamins including thiamin, riboflavin, pyridoxal, pyridomine, pyridoxamine, nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), biotin and pantothenic acid were analyzed in 1,800 samples. 27702725 6 46 theme samples 821:827 arg1 energy 795:800 energy 795:800 energy of more than 4,500 samples 795:827 Contents of protein, fat, lactose, total solid and energy of more than 4,500 samples were analyzed using a human milk analyzer. 27702725 6 46 theme samples 821:827 arg1 lactose 770:776 lactose 770:776 lactose 770:776 Contents of protein, fat, lactose, total solid and energy of more than 4,500 samples were analyzed using a human milk analyzer. 27702725 6 46 theme samples 821:827 arg1 fat 765:767 fat 765:767 fat 765:767 Contents of protein, fat, lactose, total solid and energy of more than 4,500 samples were analyzed using a human milk analyzer. 27702725 6 46 theme samples 821:827 arg1 protein 756:762 protein 756:762 protein 756:762 Contents of protein, fat, lactose, total solid and energy of more than 4,500 samples were analyzed using a human milk analyzer. 27702725 4 47 theme lactating 483:491 arg1 women 493:497 the lactating women 479:497 the lactating women 479:497 Nutritional and health status of the lactating women and their infants were evaluated through questionnaire, physical examination and biochemical indicators. 27702725 1 48 dep BACKGROUND 57:66 arg1 critical 123:130 critical 123:130 critical 123:130 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Understanding human milk composition is critical for setting nutrient recommended intakes (RNIs) for both infants and lactating women. 27702725 1 48 dep BACKGROUND 57:66 arg1 Understanding 83:95 Understanding 83:95 Understanding 83:95 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Understanding human milk composition is critical for setting nutrient recommended intakes (RNIs) for both infants and lactating women. 27702725 8 49 theme nicotinic 1038:1046 arg1 acid 1048:1051 nicotinic acid 1038:1051 nicotinic acid 1038:1051 Free B-vitamins including thiamin, riboflavin, pyridoxal, pyridomine, pyridoxamine, nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), biotin and pantothenic acid were analyzed in 1,800 samples. 27702725 3 50 theme STUDY 303:307 arg1 DESIGN 309:314 STUDY DESIGN 303:314 STUDY DESIGN 303:314 METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN Through cross-sectional study, human milk samples from 11 provinces in China were collected and their compositions were analyzed. 27702725 10 51 theme biochemical 1339:1349 arg1 2,000 1374:1378 2,000 1374:1378 2,000 1374:1378 In addition, serum retinol and carotenoids, 25(OH)D, vitamin B-12, folic acid, ferritin and biochemical indicators (n=1,200 to 2,000) were analysed in the lactating women who provided the breast milk. 27702725 10 51 theme biochemical 1339:1349 arg1 indicators 1351:1360 biochemical indicators 1339:1360 biochemical indicators (n=1,200 to 2,000) 1339:1379 In addition, serum retinol and carotenoids, 25(OH)D, vitamin B-12, folic acid, ferritin and biochemical indicators (n=1,200 to 2,000) were analysed in the lactating women who provided the breast milk. 27702725 11 52 theme on-going 1525:1532 arg1 acids 1468:1472 Fatty acids 1462:1472 Fatty acids (C4-C24) 1462:1481 Ongoing work: Fatty acids (C4-C24), fatsoluble vitamins and carotenoids, are on-going analysis. 27702725 11 52 theme on-going 1525:1532 arg1 analysis 1534:1541 on-going analysis 1525:1541 on-going analysis 1525:1541 Ongoing work: Fatty acids (C4-C24), fatsoluble vitamins and carotenoids, are on-going analysis. 27702725 12 53 theme regional 1558:1565 arg1 database 1593:1600 A regional breast milk compositional database 1556:1600 A regional breast milk compositional database 1556:1600 CONCLUSIONS A regional breast milk compositional database is at an advanced stage of development in China with the intention that it be available on-line. 27702725 6 54 theme energy 795:800 arg1 Contents 744:751 Contents 744:751 Contents of protein, fat, lactose, total solid and energy of more than 4,500 samples 744:827 Contents of protein, fat, lactose, total solid and energy of more than 4,500 samples were analyzed using a human milk analyzer. 27702725 11 55 theme Ongoing 1448:1454 arg1 work 1456:1459 Ongoing work 1448:1459 Ongoing work: Fatty acids (C4-C24), fatsoluble vitamins and carotenoids, are on-going analysis. 1448:1542 Ongoing work: Fatty acids (C4-C24), fatsoluble vitamins and carotenoids, are on-going analysis. 27702725 11 56 theme Fatty 1462:1466 arg1 carotenoids 1508:1518 carotenoids 1508:1518 carotenoids 1508:1518 Ongoing work: Fatty acids (C4-C24), fatsoluble vitamins and carotenoids, are on-going analysis. 27702725 11 56 theme Fatty 1462:1466 arg1 acids 1468:1472 Fatty acids 1462:1472 Fatty acids (C4-C24) 1462:1481 Ongoing work: Fatty acids (C4-C24), fatsoluble vitamins and carotenoids, are on-going analysis. 27702725 11 56 theme Fatty 1462:1466 arg1 vitamins 1495:1502 vitamins 1495:1502 vitamins 1495:1502 Ongoing work: Fatty acids (C4-C24), fatsoluble vitamins and carotenoids, are on-going analysis. 27702725 11 56 theme Fatty 1462:1466 arg1 analysis 1534:1541 on-going analysis 1525:1541 on-going analysis 1525:1541 Ongoing work: Fatty acids (C4-C24), fatsoluble vitamins and carotenoids, are on-going analysis. 27702725 11 56 theme Fatty 1462:1466 arg1 C4-C24 1475:1480 C4-C24 1475:1480 C4-C24 1475:1480 Ongoing work: Fatty acids (C4-C24), fatsoluble vitamins and carotenoids, are on-going analysis. 27702725 8 57 theme adenine 1061:1067 arg1 FAD 1083:1085 FAD 1083:1085 FAD 1083:1085 Free B-vitamins including thiamin, riboflavin, pyridoxal, pyridomine, pyridoxamine, nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), biotin and pantothenic acid were analyzed in 1,800 samples. 27702725 8 57 theme adenine 1061:1067 arg1 dinucleotide 1069:1080 flavin adenine dinucleotide 1054:1080 flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) 1054:1086 Free B-vitamins including thiamin, riboflavin, pyridoxal, pyridomine, pyridoxamine, nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), biotin and pantothenic acid were analyzed in 1,800 samples. 27702725 2 58 theme milk 244:247 arg1 composition 249:259 nationwide human milk composition 227:259 nationwide human milk composition 227:259 However, nationwide human milk composition remains unavailable in China. 27702725 12 59 theme available 1680:1688 arg1 on-line 1690:1696 available on-line 1680:1696 available on-line 1680:1696 CONCLUSIONS A regional breast milk compositional database is at an advanced stage of development in China with the intention that it be available on-line. 27702725 12 60 theme milk 1574:1577 arg1 database 1593:1600 A regional breast milk compositional database 1556:1600 A regional breast milk compositional database 1556:1600 CONCLUSIONS A regional breast milk compositional database is at an advanced stage of development in China with the intention that it be available on-line. 27702725 3 61 theme cross-sectional 324:338 arg1 study 340:344 cross-sectional study 324:344 cross-sectional study 324:344 METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN Through cross-sectional study, human milk samples from 11 provinces in China were collected and their compositions were analyzed. 27702725 6 62 theme solid 785:789 arg1 Contents 744:751 Contents 744:751 Contents of protein, fat, lactose, total solid and energy of more than 4,500 samples 744:827 Contents of protein, fat, lactose, total solid and energy of more than 4,500 samples were analyzed using a human milk analyzer. 27702725 2 63 theme human 238:242 arg1 composition 249:259 nationwide human milk composition 227:259 nationwide human milk composition 227:259 However, nationwide human milk composition remains unavailable in China. 27702725 12 64 theme development 1629:1639 arg1 stage 1620:1624 an advanced stage 1608:1624 an advanced stage of development in China with the intention that it be available on-line 1608:1696 CONCLUSIONS A regional breast milk compositional database is at an advanced stage of development in China with the intention that it be available on-line. 27702725 12 65 theme breast 1567:1572 arg1 database 1593:1600 A regional breast milk compositional database 1556:1600 A regional breast milk compositional database 1556:1600 CONCLUSIONS A regional breast milk compositional database is at an advanced stage of development in China with the intention that it be available on-line. 27702725 11 66 theme fatsoluble 1484:1493 arg1 acids 1468:1472 Fatty acids 1462:1472 Fatty acids (C4-C24) 1462:1481 Ongoing work: Fatty acids (C4-C24), fatsoluble vitamins and carotenoids, are on-going analysis. 27702725 11 66 theme fatsoluble 1484:1493 arg1 vitamins 1495:1502 vitamins 1495:1502 vitamins 1495:1502 Ongoing work: Fatty acids (C4-C24), fatsoluble vitamins and carotenoids, are on-going analysis. 27702725 2 67 theme nationwide 227:236 arg1 composition 249:259 nationwide human milk composition 227:259 nationwide human milk composition 227:259 However, nationwide human milk composition remains unavailable in China. 27702725 7 68 theme mineral 922:928 arg1 analyses 930:937 24 mineral analyses 919:937 24 mineral analyses 919:937 About 2,000 samples were randomly selected for 24 mineral analyses. 27702725 1 69 theme nutrient 144:151 arg1 RNIs 174:177 RNIs 174:177 RNIs 174:177 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Understanding human milk composition is critical for setting nutrient recommended intakes (RNIs) for both infants and lactating women. 27702725 1 69 theme nutrient 144:151 arg1 intakes 165:171 nutrient recommended intakes 144:171 nutrient recommended intakes (RNIs) for both infants and lactating women 144:215 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Understanding human milk composition is critical for setting nutrient recommended intakes (RNIs) for both infants and lactating women. 27702725 12 70 theme compositional 1579:1591 arg1 database 1593:1600 A regional breast milk compositional database 1556:1600 A regional breast milk compositional database 1556:1600 CONCLUSIONS A regional breast milk compositional database is at an advanced stage of development in China with the intention that it be available on-line. 27702725 10 71 theme breast 1435:1440 arg1 milk 1442:1445 the breast milk 1431:1445 the breast milk 1431:1445 In addition, serum retinol and carotenoids, 25(OH)D, vitamin B-12, folic acid, ferritin and biochemical indicators (n=1,200 to 2,000) were analysed in the lactating women who provided the breast milk. 29241052 9 0 theme apatite 1124:1130 arg1 layer 1132:1136 apatite layer 1124:1136 apatite layer 1124:1136 Formation of apatite layer on their surfaces indicated bioactive nature of the developed biomaterials. 29241052 3 1 theme phosphate 497:505 arg1 species 507:513 the negative phosphate species 484:513 the negative phosphate species (HPO42- and H2PO4-) 484:533 During the synthesis of these hybrids, the electrostatic complexes between positively charged, protonated amine groups of chitosan and the negative phosphate species (HPO42- and H2PO4-) were formed. 29241052 3 1 theme phosphate 497:505 arg1 H2PO4- 527:532 H2PO4- 527:532 H2PO4- 527:532 During the synthesis of these hybrids, the electrostatic complexes between positively charged, protonated amine groups of chitosan and the negative phosphate species (HPO42- and H2PO4-) were formed. 29241052 3 1 theme phosphate 497:505 arg1 HPO42- 516:521 HPO42- 516:521 HPO42- 516:521 During the synthesis of these hybrids, the electrostatic complexes between positively charged, protonated amine groups of chitosan and the negative phosphate species (HPO42- and H2PO4-) were formed. 29241052 7 2 theme chitosan 853:860 arg1 chitosan 853:860 chitosan 853:860 chitosan 853:860 The use of 17wt% and 23wt% of chitosan resulted in approximately 12-fold and 16-fold increase in the compressive strength of HA/CTS as compared to the non-modified HA material. 29241052 7 2 theme chitosan 853:860 arg1 % 838:838 17wt% 834:838 17wt% 834:838 The use of 17wt% and 23wt% of chitosan resulted in approximately 12-fold and 16-fold increase in the compressive strength of HA/CTS as compared to the non-modified HA material. 29241052 7 2 theme chitosan 853:860 arg1 % 848:848 23wt% 844:848 23wt% 844:848 The use of 17wt% and 23wt% of chitosan resulted in approximately 12-fold and 16-fold increase in the compressive strength of HA/CTS as compared to the non-modified HA material. 29241052 8 3 theme physiological 1092:1104 arg1 one 1106:1108 the physiological one 1088:1108 the physiological one 1088:1108 During incubation of the studied materials in SBF, pH of the solution remained close to the physiological one. 29241052 9 4 theme layer 1132:1136 arg1 Formation 1111:1119 Formation 1111:1119 Formation of apatite layer on their surfaces 1111:1154 Formation of apatite layer on their surfaces indicated bioactive nature of the developed biomaterials. 29241052 7 5 theme 23wt 844:847 arg1 chitosan 853:860 chitosan 853:860 chitosan 853:860 The use of 17wt% and 23wt% of chitosan resulted in approximately 12-fold and 16-fold increase in the compressive strength of HA/CTS as compared to the non-modified HA material. 29241052 7 5 theme 23wt 844:847 arg1 % 848:848 23wt% 844:848 23wt% 844:848 The use of 17wt% and 23wt% of chitosan resulted in approximately 12-fold and 16-fold increase in the compressive strength of HA/CTS as compared to the non-modified HA material. 29241052 9 6 theme developed 1190:1198 arg1 biomaterials 1200:1211 the developed biomaterials 1186:1211 the developed biomaterials 1186:1211 Formation of apatite layer on their surfaces indicated bioactive nature of the developed biomaterials. 29241052 3 7 dep charged 435:441 arg1 protonated 444:453 protonated 444:453 protonated 444:453 During the synthesis of these hybrids, the electrostatic complexes between positively charged, protonated amine groups of chitosan and the negative phosphate species (HPO42- and H2PO4-) were formed. 29241052 7 8 theme % 848:848 arg1 use 827:829 The use 823:829 The use of 17wt% and 23wt% of chitosan 823:860 The use of 17wt% and 23wt% of chitosan resulted in approximately 12-fold and 16-fold increase in the compressive strength of HA/CTS as compared to the non-modified HA material. 29241052 5 9 theme XRD 637:639 arg1 analysis 641:648 XRD analysis 637:648 XRD analysis 637:648 XRD analysis revealed that the obtained materials consisted of hydroxyapatite as the only crystalline phase. 29241052 6 10 theme HA/CTS 790:795 arg1 composites 797:806 HA/CTS composites 790:806 HA/CTS composites 790:806 Homogeneous dispersion of the components in HA/CTS composites was confirmed. 29241052 7 11 theme % 838:838 arg1 use 827:829 The use 823:829 The use of 17wt% and 23wt% of chitosan 823:860 The use of 17wt% and 23wt% of chitosan resulted in approximately 12-fold and 16-fold increase in the compressive strength of HA/CTS as compared to the non-modified HA material. 29241052 8 12 theme studied 1025:1031 arg1 materials 1033:1041 the studied materials 1021:1041 the studied materials 1021:1041 During incubation of the studied materials in SBF, pH of the solution remained close to the physiological one. 29241052 7 13 theme compressive 924:934 arg1 strength 936:943 the compressive strength 920:943 the compressive strength of HA/CTS 920:953 The use of 17wt% and 23wt% of chitosan resulted in approximately 12-fold and 16-fold increase in the compressive strength of HA/CTS as compared to the non-modified HA material. 29241052 3 14 theme charged 435:441 arg1 chitosan 471:478 chitosan 471:478 chitosan 471:478 During the synthesis of these hybrids, the electrostatic complexes between positively charged, protonated amine groups of chitosan and the negative phosphate species (HPO42- and H2PO4-) were formed. 29241052 3 14 theme charged 435:441 arg1 groups 461:466 positively charged, protonated amine groups 424:466 positively charged, protonated amine groups of chitosan 424:478 During the synthesis of these hybrids, the electrostatic complexes between positively charged, protonated amine groups of chitosan and the negative phosphate species (HPO42- and H2PO4-) were formed. 29241052 5 15 theme only 722:725 arg1 phase 739:743 the only crystalline phase 718:743 the only crystalline phase 718:743 XRD analysis revealed that the obtained materials consisted of hydroxyapatite as the only crystalline phase. 29241052 7 16 theme HA 987:988 arg1 material 990:997 the non-modified HA material 970:997 the non-modified HA material 970:997 The use of 17wt% and 23wt% of chitosan resulted in approximately 12-fold and 16-fold increase in the compressive strength of HA/CTS as compared to the non-modified HA material. 29241052 6 17 theme components 776:785 arg1 dispersion 758:767 Homogeneous dispersion 746:767 Homogeneous dispersion of the components in HA/CTS composites 746:806 Homogeneous dispersion of the components in HA/CTS composites was confirmed. 29241052 4 18 theme FTIR 623:626 arg1 studies 628:634 FTIR studies 623:634 FTIR studies 623:634 Our biocomposites belong to the class I of hybrids, which was confirmed by FTIR studies. 29241052 9 19 theme bioactive 1166:1174 arg1 nature 1176:1181 bioactive nature 1166:1181 bioactive nature of the developed biomaterials 1166:1211 Formation of apatite layer on their surfaces indicated bioactive nature of the developed biomaterials. 29241052 7 20 theme 17wt 834:837 arg1 chitosan 853:860 chitosan 853:860 chitosan 853:860 The use of 17wt% and 23wt% of chitosan resulted in approximately 12-fold and 16-fold increase in the compressive strength of HA/CTS as compared to the non-modified HA material. 29241052 7 20 theme 17wt 834:837 arg1 % 838:838 17wt% 834:838 17wt% 834:838 The use of 17wt% and 23wt% of chitosan resulted in approximately 12-fold and 16-fold increase in the compressive strength of HA/CTS as compared to the non-modified HA material. 29241052 3 21 theme hybrids 379:385 arg1 synthesis 360:368 the synthesis 356:368 the synthesis of these hybrids 356:385 During the synthesis of these hybrids, the electrostatic complexes between positively charged, protonated amine groups of chitosan and the negative phosphate species (HPO42- and H2PO4-) were formed. 29241052 8 22 theme materials 1033:1041 arg1 incubation 1007:1016 incubation 1007:1016 incubation of the studied materials in SBF 1007:1048 During incubation of the studied materials in SBF, pH of the solution remained close to the physiological one. 29241052 3 23 dep species 507:513 arg1 species 507:513 the negative phosphate species 484:513 the negative phosphate species (HPO42- and H2PO4-) 484:533 During the synthesis of these hybrids, the electrostatic complexes between positively charged, protonated amine groups of chitosan and the negative phosphate species (HPO42- and H2PO4-) were formed. 29241052 3 23 dep species 507:513 arg1 H2PO4- 527:532 H2PO4- 527:532 H2PO4- 527:532 During the synthesis of these hybrids, the electrostatic complexes between positively charged, protonated amine groups of chitosan and the negative phosphate species (HPO42- and H2PO4-) were formed. 29241052 3 23 dep species 507:513 arg1 HPO42- 516:521 HPO42- 516:521 HPO42- 516:521 During the synthesis of these hybrids, the electrostatic complexes between positively charged, protonated amine groups of chitosan and the negative phosphate species (HPO42- and H2PO4-) were formed. 29241052 6 24 from composites 797:806 arg1 dispersion 758:767 Homogeneous dispersion 746:767 Homogeneous dispersion of the components in HA/CTS composites 746:806 Homogeneous dispersion of the components in HA/CTS composites was confirmed. 29241052 0 25 theme hybrid 40:45 arg1 biomaterials 47:58 bioactive hybrid biomaterials 30:58 bioactive hybrid biomaterials 30:58 Hydroxyapatite-chitosan based bioactive hybrid biomaterials with improved mechanical strength. 29241052 8 26 from incubation 1007:1016 arg1 SBF 1046:1048 SBF 1046:1048 SBF 1046:1048 During incubation of the studied materials in SBF, pH of the solution remained close to the physiological one. 29241052 5 27 theme obtained 668:675 arg1 materials 677:685 the obtained materials 664:685 the obtained materials 664:685 XRD analysis revealed that the obtained materials consisted of hydroxyapatite as the only crystalline phase. 29241052 7 28 theme 16-fold 900:906 arg1 increase 908:915 approximately 12-fold and 16-fold increase 874:915 approximately 12-fold and 16-fold increase in the compressive strength of HA/CTS 874:953 The use of 17wt% and 23wt% of chitosan resulted in approximately 12-fold and 16-fold increase in the compressive strength of HA/CTS as compared to the non-modified HA material. 29241052 0 29 theme bioactive 30:38 arg1 biomaterials 47:58 bioactive hybrid biomaterials 30:58 bioactive hybrid biomaterials 30:58 Hydroxyapatite-chitosan based bioactive hybrid biomaterials with improved mechanical strength. 29241052 2 30 theme granules 277:284 arg1 form 269:272 the form 265:272 the form of granules 265:284 In this work, a novel inorganic-organic (I/O) HA/CTS materials in the form of granules were prepared through a simple solution-based chemical method. 29241052 2 31 from materials 252:260 arg1 form 269:272 the form 265:272 the form of granules 265:284 In this work, a novel inorganic-organic (I/O) HA/CTS materials in the form of granules were prepared through a simple solution-based chemical method. 29241052 6 32 from dispersion 758:767 arg1 composites 797:806 HA/CTS composites 790:806 HA/CTS composites 790:806 Homogeneous dispersion of the components in HA/CTS composites was confirmed. 29241052 3 33 theme electrostatic 392:404 arg1 complexes 406:414 the electrostatic complexes 388:414 the electrostatic complexes between positively charged, protonated amine groups of chitosan and the negative phosphate species (HPO42- and H2PO4-) 388:533 During the synthesis of these hybrids, the electrostatic complexes between positively charged, protonated amine groups of chitosan and the negative phosphate species (HPO42- and H2PO4-) were formed. 29241052 3 34 theme negative 488:495 arg1 species 507:513 the negative phosphate species 484:513 the negative phosphate species (HPO42- and H2PO4-) 484:533 During the synthesis of these hybrids, the electrostatic complexes between positively charged, protonated amine groups of chitosan and the negative phosphate species (HPO42- and H2PO4-) were formed. 29241052 3 34 theme negative 488:495 arg1 H2PO4- 527:532 H2PO4- 527:532 H2PO4- 527:532 During the synthesis of these hybrids, the electrostatic complexes between positively charged, protonated amine groups of chitosan and the negative phosphate species (HPO42- and H2PO4-) were formed. 29241052 3 34 theme negative 488:495 arg1 HPO42- 516:521 HPO42- 516:521 HPO42- 516:521 During the synthesis of these hybrids, the electrostatic complexes between positively charged, protonated amine groups of chitosan and the negative phosphate species (HPO42- and H2PO4-) were formed. 29241052 7 35 from increase 908:915 arg1 strength 936:943 the compressive strength 920:943 the compressive strength of HA/CTS 920:953 The use of 17wt% and 23wt% of chitosan resulted in approximately 12-fold and 16-fold increase in the compressive strength of HA/CTS as compared to the non-modified HA material. 29241052 9 36 from Formation 1111:1119 arg1 surfaces 1147:1154 their surfaces 1141:1154 their surfaces 1141:1154 Formation of apatite layer on their surfaces indicated bioactive nature of the developed biomaterials. 29241052 6 37 from components 776:785 arg1 composites 797:806 HA/CTS composites 790:806 HA/CTS composites 790:806 Homogeneous dispersion of the components in HA/CTS composites was confirmed. 29241052 9 38 theme biomaterials 1200:1211 arg1 nature 1176:1181 bioactive nature 1166:1181 bioactive nature of the developed biomaterials 1166:1211 Formation of apatite layer on their surfaces indicated bioactive nature of the developed biomaterials. 29241052 2 39 theme inorganic-organic 221:237 arg1 materials 252:260 a novel inorganic-organic (I/O) HA/CTS materials 213:260 a novel inorganic-organic (I/O) HA/CTS materials in the form of granules 213:284 In this work, a novel inorganic-organic (I/O) HA/CTS materials in the form of granules were prepared through a simple solution-based chemical method. 29241052 6 40 theme Homogeneous 746:756 arg1 dispersion 758:767 Homogeneous dispersion 746:767 Homogeneous dispersion of the components in HA/CTS composites 746:806 Homogeneous dispersion of the components in HA/CTS composites was confirmed. 29241052 3 41 theme amine 455:459 arg1 chitosan 471:478 chitosan 471:478 chitosan 471:478 During the synthesis of these hybrids, the electrostatic complexes between positively charged, protonated amine groups of chitosan and the negative phosphate species (HPO42- and H2PO4-) were formed. 29241052 3 41 theme amine 455:459 arg1 groups 461:466 positively charged, protonated amine groups 424:466 positively charged, protonated amine groups of chitosan 424:478 During the synthesis of these hybrids, the electrostatic complexes between positively charged, protonated amine groups of chitosan and the negative phosphate species (HPO42- and H2PO4-) were formed. 29241052 0 42 theme mechanical 74:83 arg1 strength 85:92 improved mechanical strength 65:92 improved mechanical strength 65:92 Hydroxyapatite-chitosan based bioactive hybrid biomaterials with improved mechanical strength. 29241052 8 43 theme solution 1061:1068 arg1 pH 1051:1052 pH 1051:1052 pH of the solution 1051:1068 During incubation of the studied materials in SBF, pH of the solution remained close to the physiological one. 29241052 2 44 theme novel 215:219 arg1 inorganic-organic 221:237 a novel inorganic-organic 213:237 a novel inorganic-organic (I/O) HA/CTS materials in the form of granules 213:284 In this work, a novel inorganic-organic (I/O) HA/CTS materials in the form of granules were prepared through a simple solution-based chemical method. 29241052 2 44 theme novel 215:219 arg1 I/O 240:242 I/O 240:242 I/O 240:242 In this work, a novel inorganic-organic (I/O) HA/CTS materials in the form of granules were prepared through a simple solution-based chemical method. 29241052 2 45 theme chemical 332:339 arg1 method 341:346 a simple solution-based chemical method 308:346 a simple solution-based chemical method 308:346 In this work, a novel inorganic-organic (I/O) HA/CTS materials in the form of granules were prepared through a simple solution-based chemical method. 29241052 0 46 theme improved 65:72 arg1 strength 85:92 improved mechanical strength 65:92 improved mechanical strength 65:92 Hydroxyapatite-chitosan based bioactive hybrid biomaterials with improved mechanical strength. 29241052 2 47 theme solution-based 317:330 arg1 method 341:346 a simple solution-based chemical method 308:346 a simple solution-based chemical method 308:346 In this work, a novel inorganic-organic (I/O) HA/CTS materials in the form of granules were prepared through a simple solution-based chemical method. 29241052 7 48 theme non-modified 974:985 arg1 material 990:997 the non-modified HA material 970:997 the non-modified HA material 970:997 The use of 17wt% and 23wt% of chitosan resulted in approximately 12-fold and 16-fold increase in the compressive strength of HA/CTS as compared to the non-modified HA material. 29241052 2 49 theme simple 310:315 arg1 method 341:346 a simple solution-based chemical method 308:346 a simple solution-based chemical method 308:346 In this work, a novel inorganic-organic (I/O) HA/CTS materials in the form of granules were prepared through a simple solution-based chemical method. 29241052 7 50 theme 12-fold 888:894 arg1 increase 908:915 approximately 12-fold and 16-fold increase 874:915 approximately 12-fold and 16-fold increase in the compressive strength of HA/CTS 874:953 The use of 17wt% and 23wt% of chitosan resulted in approximately 12-fold and 16-fold increase in the compressive strength of HA/CTS as compared to the non-modified HA material. 29241052 2 51 theme HA/CTS 245:250 arg1 materials 252:260 a novel inorganic-organic (I/O) HA/CTS materials 213:260 a novel inorganic-organic (I/O) HA/CTS materials in the form of granules 213:284 In this work, a novel inorganic-organic (I/O) HA/CTS materials in the form of granules were prepared through a simple solution-based chemical method. 29241052 3 52 theme chitosan 471:478 arg1 species 507:513 the negative phosphate species 484:513 the negative phosphate species (HPO42- and H2PO4-) 484:533 During the synthesis of these hybrids, the electrostatic complexes between positively charged, protonated amine groups of chitosan and the negative phosphate species (HPO42- and H2PO4-) were formed. 29241052 3 52 theme chitosan 471:478 arg1 chitosan 471:478 chitosan 471:478 chitosan 471:478 During the synthesis of these hybrids, the electrostatic complexes between positively charged, protonated amine groups of chitosan and the negative phosphate species (HPO42- and H2PO4-) were formed. 29241052 3 52 theme chitosan 471:478 arg1 groups 461:466 positively charged, protonated amine groups 424:466 positively charged, protonated amine groups of chitosan 424:478 During the synthesis of these hybrids, the electrostatic complexes between positively charged, protonated amine groups of chitosan and the negative phosphate species (HPO42- and H2PO4-) were formed. 29241052 3 52 theme chitosan 471:478 arg1 H2PO4- 527:532 H2PO4- 527:532 H2PO4- 527:532 During the synthesis of these hybrids, the electrostatic complexes between positively charged, protonated amine groups of chitosan and the negative phosphate species (HPO42- and H2PO4-) were formed. 29241052 3 52 theme chitosan 471:478 arg1 HPO42- 516:521 HPO42- 516:521 HPO42- 516:521 During the synthesis of these hybrids, the electrostatic complexes between positively charged, protonated amine groups of chitosan and the negative phosphate species (HPO42- and H2PO4-) were formed. 29241052 5 53 theme crystalline 727:737 arg1 phase 739:743 the only crystalline phase 718:743 the only crystalline phase 718:743 XRD analysis revealed that the obtained materials consisted of hydroxyapatite as the only crystalline phase. 29241052 7 54 theme HA/CTS 948:953 arg1 strength 936:943 the compressive strength 920:943 the compressive strength of HA/CTS 920:953 The use of 17wt% and 23wt% of chitosan resulted in approximately 12-fold and 16-fold increase in the compressive strength of HA/CTS as compared to the non-modified HA material. 29241052 4 55 theme hybrids 591:597 arg1 class 580:584 the class I 576:586 the class I 576:586 Our biocomposites belong to the class I of hybrids, which was confirmed by FTIR studies. 24572494 7 0 theme matrix 1253:1258 arg1 implantation 1260:1271 The in vivo matrix implantation 1241:1271 The in vivo matrix implantation 1241:1271 The in vivo matrix implantation showed higher matrix-tissue integration and cell infiltration as the duration of the implant increased. 24572494 8 1 theme bone 1562:1565 arg1 applications 1586:1597 bone tissue engineering applications 1562:1597 bone tissue engineering applications 1562:1597 These results suggest that a porous GHA matrix with suitable mechanical integrity and tissue compatibility is a promising substrate for the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells for bone tissue engineering applications. 24572494 4 2 theme GHA 705:707 arg1 analysis 693:700 The rheological analysis 677:700 The rheological analysis of GHA 677:707 The rheological analysis of GHA showed a viscoelastic characteristic, which suggested a high load bearing capacity without fractural deformation. 24572494 8 3 theme osteogenic 1517:1526 arg1 differentiation 1528:1542 the osteogenic differentiation 1513:1542 the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells 1513:1556 These results suggest that a porous GHA matrix with suitable mechanical integrity and tissue compatibility is a promising substrate for the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells for bone tissue engineering applications. 24572494 1 4 theme three-dimensional 161:177 arg1 scaffolds 192:200 three-dimensional (3-D) porous scaffolds 161:200 three-dimensional (3-D) porous scaffolds 161:200 Engineering three-dimensional (3-D) porous scaffolds with precise bio-functional properties is one of the most important issues in tissue engineering. 24572494 6 5 theme cells 1026:1030 arg1 monitoring 1012:1021 The monitoring 1008:1021 The monitoring of cells over a period of four weeks 1008:1058 The monitoring of cells over a period of four weeks showed increased cellular proliferation and osteogenic differentiation without external growth factors, compared with control (supplemented with osteogenic differentiation medium). 24572494 0 6 theme in 91:92 arg1 growth 110:115 in vitro stem cell growth 91:115 in vitro stem cell growth 91:115 Synthesis of composite gelatin-hyaluronic acid-alginate porous scaffold and evaluation for in vitro stem cell growth and in vivo tissue integration. 24572494 0 7 dep in 121:122 arg1 vivo 124:127 vivo 124:127 vivo 124:127 Synthesis of composite gelatin-hyaluronic acid-alginate porous scaffold and evaluation for in vitro stem cell growth and in vivo tissue integration. 24572494 8 8 theme suitable 1429:1436 arg1 integrity 1449:1457 suitable mechanical integrity 1429:1457 suitable mechanical integrity 1429:1457 These results suggest that a porous GHA matrix with suitable mechanical integrity and tissue compatibility is a promising substrate for the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells for bone tissue engineering applications. 24572494 1 9 theme important 260:268 arg1 issues 270:275 the most important issues 251:275 the most important issues in tissue engineering 251:297 Engineering three-dimensional (3-D) porous scaffolds with precise bio-functional properties is one of the most important issues in tissue engineering. 24572494 0 10 theme cell 105:108 arg1 growth 110:115 in vitro stem cell growth 91:115 in vitro stem cell growth 91:115 Synthesis of composite gelatin-hyaluronic acid-alginate porous scaffold and evaluation for in vitro stem cell growth and in vivo tissue integration. 24572494 8 11 theme engineering 1574:1584 arg1 applications 1586:1597 bone tissue engineering applications 1562:1597 bone tissue engineering applications 1562:1597 These results suggest that a porous GHA matrix with suitable mechanical integrity and tissue compatibility is a promising substrate for the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells for bone tissue engineering applications. 24572494 5 12 theme differentiation 892:906 arg1 ability 908:914 the differentiation ability 888:914 the differentiation ability of mesenchymal stem cells 888:940 The influence of the GHA matrix on cell growth and on modulating the differentiation ability of mesenchymal stem cells was evaluated by different biochemical and immunostaining assays. 24572494 6 13 theme weeks 1054:1058 arg1 period 1039:1044 a period 1037:1044 a period of four weeks 1037:1058 The monitoring of cells over a period of four weeks showed increased cellular proliferation and osteogenic differentiation without external growth factors, compared with control (supplemented with osteogenic differentiation medium). 24572494 1 14 theme issues 270:275 arg1 issues 270:275 the most important issues 251:275 the most important issues in tissue engineering 251:297 Engineering three-dimensional (3-D) porous scaffolds with precise bio-functional properties is one of the most important issues in tissue engineering. 24572494 1 14 theme issues 270:275 arg1 one 244:246 one 244:246 one 244:246 Engineering three-dimensional (3-D) porous scaffolds with precise bio-functional properties is one of the most important issues in tissue engineering. 24572494 0 15 theme stem 100:103 arg1 growth 110:115 in vitro stem cell growth 91:115 in vitro stem cell growth 91:115 Synthesis of composite gelatin-hyaluronic acid-alginate porous scaffold and evaluation for in vitro stem cell growth and in vivo tissue integration. 24572494 3 16 theme obtained 568:575 arg1 matrix 577:582 The obtained matrix 564:582 The obtained matrix 564:582 The obtained matrix showed high porosity (85%), an interconnected pore morphology and a rapid swelling behavior. 24572494 2 17 theme GHA 376:378 arg1 composite 391:399 a three-dimensional gelatin-hyaluronic acid-alginate (GHA) polymeric composite 322:399 a three-dimensional gelatin-hyaluronic acid-alginate (GHA) polymeric composite 322:399 In the present study, a three-dimensional gelatin-hyaluronic acid-alginate (GHA) polymeric composite was synthesized by freeze-drying, which was followed by ionic crosslinking using CaCl2, and evaluated for its suitability in bone tissue engineering applications. 24572494 8 18 with matrix 1417:1422 arg1 integrity 1449:1457 suitable mechanical integrity 1429:1457 suitable mechanical integrity 1429:1457 These results suggest that a porous GHA matrix with suitable mechanical integrity and tissue compatibility is a promising substrate for the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells for bone tissue engineering applications. 24572494 8 18 with matrix 1417:1422 arg1 compatibility 1470:1482 tissue compatibility 1463:1482 tissue compatibility 1463:1482 These results suggest that a porous GHA matrix with suitable mechanical integrity and tissue compatibility is a promising substrate for the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells for bone tissue engineering applications. 24572494 2 19 theme bone 526:529 arg1 applications 550:561 bone tissue engineering applications 526:561 bone tissue engineering applications 526:561 In the present study, a three-dimensional gelatin-hyaluronic acid-alginate (GHA) polymeric composite was synthesized by freeze-drying, which was followed by ionic crosslinking using CaCl2, and evaluated for its suitability in bone tissue engineering applications. 24572494 5 20 theme mesenchymal 919:929 arg1 cells 936:940 mesenchymal stem cells 919:940 mesenchymal stem cells 919:940 The influence of the GHA matrix on cell growth and on modulating the differentiation ability of mesenchymal stem cells was evaluated by different biochemical and immunostaining assays. 24572494 5 21 theme matrix 848:853 arg1 influence 827:835 The influence 823:835 The influence of the GHA matrix on cell growth and on modulating the differentiation ability of mesenchymal stem cells 823:940 The influence of the GHA matrix on cell growth and on modulating the differentiation ability of mesenchymal stem cells was evaluated by different biochemical and immunostaining assays. 24572494 6 22 theme differentiation 1216:1230 arg1 medium 1232:1237 osteogenic differentiation medium 1205:1237 osteogenic differentiation medium 1205:1237 The monitoring of cells over a period of four weeks showed increased cellular proliferation and osteogenic differentiation without external growth factors, compared with control (supplemented with osteogenic differentiation medium). 24572494 8 23 theme mechanical 1438:1447 arg1 integrity 1449:1457 suitable mechanical integrity 1429:1457 suitable mechanical integrity 1429:1457 These results suggest that a porous GHA matrix with suitable mechanical integrity and tissue compatibility is a promising substrate for the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells for bone tissue engineering applications. 24572494 6 24 theme osteogenic 1104:1113 arg1 differentiation 1115:1129 osteogenic differentiation 1104:1129 osteogenic differentiation 1104:1129 The monitoring of cells over a period of four weeks showed increased cellular proliferation and osteogenic differentiation without external growth factors, compared with control (supplemented with osteogenic differentiation medium). 24572494 7 25 theme in 1245:1246 arg1 implantation 1260:1271 The in vivo matrix implantation 1241:1271 The in vivo matrix implantation 1241:1271 The in vivo matrix implantation showed higher matrix-tissue integration and cell infiltration as the duration of the implant increased. 24572494 6 26 theme osteogenic 1205:1214 arg1 medium 1232:1237 osteogenic differentiation medium 1205:1237 osteogenic differentiation medium 1205:1237 The monitoring of cells over a period of four weeks showed increased cellular proliferation and osteogenic differentiation without external growth factors, compared with control (supplemented with osteogenic differentiation medium). 24572494 5 27 from influence 827:835 arg1 growth 863:868 cell growth 858:868 cell growth 858:868 The influence of the GHA matrix on cell growth and on modulating the differentiation ability of mesenchymal stem cells was evaluated by different biochemical and immunostaining assays. 24572494 5 27 from influence 827:835 arg1 modulating 877:886 modulating 877:886 modulating the differentiation ability of mesenchymal stem cells 877:940 The influence of the GHA matrix on cell growth and on modulating the differentiation ability of mesenchymal stem cells was evaluated by different biochemical and immunostaining assays. 24572494 7 28 theme cell 1317:1320 arg1 infiltration 1322:1333 cell infiltration 1317:1333 cell infiltration 1317:1333 The in vivo matrix implantation showed higher matrix-tissue integration and cell infiltration as the duration of the implant increased. 24572494 1 29 dep three-dimensional 161:177 arg1 3-D 180:182 3-D 180:182 3-D 180:182 Engineering three-dimensional (3-D) porous scaffolds with precise bio-functional properties is one of the most important issues in tissue engineering. 24572494 1 30 theme porous 185:190 arg1 scaffolds 192:200 three-dimensional (3-D) porous scaffolds 161:200 three-dimensional (3-D) porous scaffolds 161:200 Engineering three-dimensional (3-D) porous scaffolds with precise bio-functional properties is one of the most important issues in tissue engineering. 24572494 2 31 theme ionic 457:461 arg1 crosslinking 463:474 ionic crosslinking 457:474 ionic crosslinking using CaCl2 457:486 In the present study, a three-dimensional gelatin-hyaluronic acid-alginate (GHA) polymeric composite was synthesized by freeze-drying, which was followed by ionic crosslinking using CaCl2, and evaluated for its suitability in bone tissue engineering applications. 24572494 1 32 theme tissue 280:285 arg1 engineering 287:297 tissue engineering 280:297 tissue engineering 280:297 Engineering three-dimensional (3-D) porous scaffolds with precise bio-functional properties is one of the most important issues in tissue engineering. 24572494 8 33 theme cells 1552:1556 arg1 differentiation 1528:1542 the osteogenic differentiation 1513:1542 the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells 1513:1556 These results suggest that a porous GHA matrix with suitable mechanical integrity and tissue compatibility is a promising substrate for the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells for bone tissue engineering applications. 24572494 0 34 dep in 91:92 arg1 vitro 94:98 vitro 94:98 vitro 94:98 Synthesis of composite gelatin-hyaluronic acid-alginate porous scaffold and evaluation for in vitro stem cell growth and in vivo tissue integration. 24572494 8 35 theme GHA 1413:1415 arg1 matrix 1417:1422 a porous GHA matrix 1404:1422 a porous GHA matrix with suitable mechanical integrity and tissue compatibility 1404:1482 These results suggest that a porous GHA matrix with suitable mechanical integrity and tissue compatibility is a promising substrate for the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells for bone tissue engineering applications. 24572494 8 35 theme GHA 1413:1415 arg1 substrate 1499:1507 a promising substrate 1487:1507 a promising substrate for the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells for bone tissue engineering applications 1487:1597 These results suggest that a porous GHA matrix with suitable mechanical integrity and tissue compatibility is a promising substrate for the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells for bone tissue engineering applications. 24572494 6 36 theme cellular 1077:1084 arg1 proliferation 1086:1098 cellular proliferation 1077:1098 cellular proliferation 1077:1098 The monitoring of cells over a period of four weeks showed increased cellular proliferation and osteogenic differentiation without external growth factors, compared with control (supplemented with osteogenic differentiation medium). 24572494 0 37 theme gelatin-hyaluronic 23:40 arg1 scaffold 63:70 composite gelatin-hyaluronic acid-alginate porous scaffold 13:70 composite gelatin-hyaluronic acid-alginate porous scaffold 13:70 Synthesis of composite gelatin-hyaluronic acid-alginate porous scaffold and evaluation for in vitro stem cell growth and in vivo tissue integration. 24572494 1 38 from issues 270:275 arg1 engineering 287:297 tissue engineering 280:297 tissue engineering 280:297 Engineering three-dimensional (3-D) porous scaffolds with precise bio-functional properties is one of the most important issues in tissue engineering. 24572494 2 39 theme present 307:313 arg1 study 315:319 the present study 303:319 the present study 303:319 In the present study, a three-dimensional gelatin-hyaluronic acid-alginate (GHA) polymeric composite was synthesized by freeze-drying, which was followed by ionic crosslinking using CaCl2, and evaluated for its suitability in bone tissue engineering applications. 24572494 5 40 theme GHA 844:846 arg1 matrix 848:853 the GHA matrix 840:853 the GHA matrix 840:853 The influence of the GHA matrix on cell growth and on modulating the differentiation ability of mesenchymal stem cells was evaluated by different biochemical and immunostaining assays. 24572494 0 41 theme composite 13:21 arg1 scaffold 63:70 composite gelatin-hyaluronic acid-alginate porous scaffold 13:70 composite gelatin-hyaluronic acid-alginate porous scaffold 13:70 Synthesis of composite gelatin-hyaluronic acid-alginate porous scaffold and evaluation for in vitro stem cell growth and in vivo tissue integration. 24572494 0 42 theme in 121:122 arg1 integration 136:146 in vivo tissue integration 121:146 in vivo tissue integration 121:146 Synthesis of composite gelatin-hyaluronic acid-alginate porous scaffold and evaluation for in vitro stem cell growth and in vivo tissue integration. 24572494 5 43 theme biochemical 969:979 arg1 assays 1000:1005 different biochemical and immunostaining assays 959:1005 different biochemical and immunostaining assays 959:1005 The influence of the GHA matrix on cell growth and on modulating the differentiation ability of mesenchymal stem cells was evaluated by different biochemical and immunostaining assays. 24572494 1 44 theme precise 207:213 arg1 properties 230:239 precise bio-functional properties 207:239 precise bio-functional properties 207:239 Engineering three-dimensional (3-D) porous scaffolds with precise bio-functional properties is one of the most important issues in tissue engineering. 24572494 0 45 theme porous 56:61 arg1 scaffold 63:70 composite gelatin-hyaluronic acid-alginate porous scaffold 13:70 composite gelatin-hyaluronic acid-alginate porous scaffold 13:70 Synthesis of composite gelatin-hyaluronic acid-alginate porous scaffold and evaluation for in vitro stem cell growth and in vivo tissue integration. 24572494 5 46 theme stem 931:934 arg1 cells 936:940 mesenchymal stem cells 919:940 mesenchymal stem cells 919:940 The influence of the GHA matrix on cell growth and on modulating the differentiation ability of mesenchymal stem cells was evaluated by different biochemical and immunostaining assays. 24572494 3 47 theme rapid 652:656 arg1 behavior 667:674 a rapid swelling behavior 650:674 a rapid swelling behavior 650:674 The obtained matrix showed high porosity (85%), an interconnected pore morphology and a rapid swelling behavior. 24572494 1 48 theme bio-functional 215:228 arg1 properties 230:239 precise bio-functional properties 207:239 precise bio-functional properties 207:239 Engineering three-dimensional (3-D) porous scaffolds with precise bio-functional properties is one of the most important issues in tissue engineering. 24572494 0 49 theme acid-alginate 42:54 arg1 scaffold 63:70 composite gelatin-hyaluronic acid-alginate porous scaffold 13:70 composite gelatin-hyaluronic acid-alginate porous scaffold 13:70 Synthesis of composite gelatin-hyaluronic acid-alginate porous scaffold and evaluation for in vitro stem cell growth and in vivo tissue integration. 24572494 0 50 theme tissue 129:134 arg1 integration 136:146 in vivo tissue integration 121:146 in vivo tissue integration 121:146 Synthesis of composite gelatin-hyaluronic acid-alginate porous scaffold and evaluation for in vitro stem cell growth and in vivo tissue integration. 24572494 2 51 from suitability 511:521 arg1 applications 550:561 bone tissue engineering applications 526:561 bone tissue engineering applications 526:561 In the present study, a three-dimensional gelatin-hyaluronic acid-alginate (GHA) polymeric composite was synthesized by freeze-drying, which was followed by ionic crosslinking using CaCl2, and evaluated for its suitability in bone tissue engineering applications. 24572494 5 52 theme cell 858:861 arg1 growth 863:868 cell growth 858:868 cell growth 858:868 The influence of the GHA matrix on cell growth and on modulating the differentiation ability of mesenchymal stem cells was evaluated by different biochemical and immunostaining assays. 24572494 2 53 theme engineering 538:548 arg1 applications 550:561 bone tissue engineering applications 526:561 bone tissue engineering applications 526:561 In the present study, a three-dimensional gelatin-hyaluronic acid-alginate (GHA) polymeric composite was synthesized by freeze-drying, which was followed by ionic crosslinking using CaCl2, and evaluated for its suitability in bone tissue engineering applications. 24572494 4 54 theme high 765:768 arg1 load 770:773 a high load 763:773 a high load bearing capacity without fractural deformation 763:820 The rheological analysis of GHA showed a viscoelastic characteristic, which suggested a high load bearing capacity without fractural deformation. 24572494 5 55 theme immunostaining 985:998 arg1 assays 1000:1005 different biochemical and immunostaining assays 959:1005 different biochemical and immunostaining assays 959:1005 The influence of the GHA matrix on cell growth and on modulating the differentiation ability of mesenchymal stem cells was evaluated by different biochemical and immunostaining assays. 24572494 6 56 theme growth 1148:1153 arg1 factors 1155:1161 external growth factors 1139:1161 external growth factors 1139:1161 The monitoring of cells over a period of four weeks showed increased cellular proliferation and osteogenic differentiation without external growth factors, compared with control (supplemented with osteogenic differentiation medium). 24572494 2 57 theme acid-alginate 361:373 arg1 composite 391:399 a three-dimensional gelatin-hyaluronic acid-alginate (GHA) polymeric composite 322:399 a three-dimensional gelatin-hyaluronic acid-alginate (GHA) polymeric composite 322:399 In the present study, a three-dimensional gelatin-hyaluronic acid-alginate (GHA) polymeric composite was synthesized by freeze-drying, which was followed by ionic crosslinking using CaCl2, and evaluated for its suitability in bone tissue engineering applications. 24572494 0 58 theme scaffold 63:70 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis of composite gelatin-hyaluronic acid-alginate porous scaffold 0:70 Synthesis of composite gelatin-hyaluronic acid-alginate porous scaffold and evaluation for in vitro stem cell growth and in vivo tissue integration. 24572494 0 58 theme scaffold 63:70 arg1 evaluation 76:85 evaluation 76:85 evaluation for in vitro stem cell growth and in vivo tissue integration 76:146 Synthesis of composite gelatin-hyaluronic acid-alginate porous scaffold and evaluation for in vitro stem cell growth and in vivo tissue integration. 24572494 8 59 theme stem 1547:1550 arg1 cells 1552:1556 stem cells 1547:1556 stem cells 1547:1556 These results suggest that a porous GHA matrix with suitable mechanical integrity and tissue compatibility is a promising substrate for the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells for bone tissue engineering applications. 24572494 8 60 theme tissue 1463:1468 arg1 compatibility 1470:1482 tissue compatibility 1463:1482 tissue compatibility 1463:1482 These results suggest that a porous GHA matrix with suitable mechanical integrity and tissue compatibility is a promising substrate for the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells for bone tissue engineering applications. 24572494 2 61 theme gelatin-hyaluronic 342:359 arg1 composite 391:399 a three-dimensional gelatin-hyaluronic acid-alginate (GHA) polymeric composite 322:399 a three-dimensional gelatin-hyaluronic acid-alginate (GHA) polymeric composite 322:399 In the present study, a three-dimensional gelatin-hyaluronic acid-alginate (GHA) polymeric composite was synthesized by freeze-drying, which was followed by ionic crosslinking using CaCl2, and evaluated for its suitability in bone tissue engineering applications. 24572494 3 62 theme high 591:594 arg1 % 608:608 85% 606:608 85% 606:608 The obtained matrix showed high porosity (85%), an interconnected pore morphology and a rapid swelling behavior. 24572494 3 62 theme high 591:594 arg1 porosity 596:603 high porosity 591:603 high porosity (85%) 591:609 The obtained matrix showed high porosity (85%), an interconnected pore morphology and a rapid swelling behavior. 24572494 7 63 dep in 1245:1246 arg1 vivo 1248:1251 vivo 1248:1251 vivo 1248:1251 The in vivo matrix implantation showed higher matrix-tissue integration and cell infiltration as the duration of the implant increased. 24572494 4 64 theme fractural 800:808 arg1 deformation 810:820 fractural deformation 800:820 fractural deformation 800:820 The rheological analysis of GHA showed a viscoelastic characteristic, which suggested a high load bearing capacity without fractural deformation. 24572494 3 65 theme interconnected 615:628 arg1 morphology 635:644 an interconnected pore morphology 612:644 an interconnected pore morphology 612:644 The obtained matrix showed high porosity (85%), an interconnected pore morphology and a rapid swelling behavior. 24572494 2 66 theme three-dimensional 324:340 arg1 composite 391:399 a three-dimensional gelatin-hyaluronic acid-alginate (GHA) polymeric composite 322:399 a three-dimensional gelatin-hyaluronic acid-alginate (GHA) polymeric composite 322:399 In the present study, a three-dimensional gelatin-hyaluronic acid-alginate (GHA) polymeric composite was synthesized by freeze-drying, which was followed by ionic crosslinking using CaCl2, and evaluated for its suitability in bone tissue engineering applications. 24572494 5 67 theme different 959:967 arg1 assays 1000:1005 different biochemical and immunostaining assays 959:1005 different biochemical and immunostaining assays 959:1005 The influence of the GHA matrix on cell growth and on modulating the differentiation ability of mesenchymal stem cells was evaluated by different biochemical and immunostaining assays. 24572494 8 68 theme porous 1406:1411 arg1 matrix 1417:1422 a porous GHA matrix 1404:1422 a porous GHA matrix with suitable mechanical integrity and tissue compatibility 1404:1482 These results suggest that a porous GHA matrix with suitable mechanical integrity and tissue compatibility is a promising substrate for the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells for bone tissue engineering applications. 24572494 8 68 theme porous 1406:1411 arg1 substrate 1499:1507 a promising substrate 1487:1507 a promising substrate for the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells for bone tissue engineering applications 1487:1597 These results suggest that a porous GHA matrix with suitable mechanical integrity and tissue compatibility is a promising substrate for the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells for bone tissue engineering applications. 24572494 3 69 theme swelling 658:665 arg1 behavior 667:674 a rapid swelling behavior 650:674 a rapid swelling behavior 650:674 The obtained matrix showed high porosity (85%), an interconnected pore morphology and a rapid swelling behavior. 24572494 3 70 theme pore 630:633 arg1 morphology 635:644 an interconnected pore morphology 612:644 an interconnected pore morphology 612:644 The obtained matrix showed high porosity (85%), an interconnected pore morphology and a rapid swelling behavior. 24572494 4 71 theme viscoelastic 718:729 arg1 characteristic 731:744 a viscoelastic characteristic 716:744 a viscoelastic characteristic 716:744 The rheological analysis of GHA showed a viscoelastic characteristic, which suggested a high load bearing capacity without fractural deformation. 24572494 5 72 theme cells 936:940 arg1 ability 908:914 the differentiation ability 888:914 the differentiation ability of mesenchymal stem cells 888:940 The influence of the GHA matrix on cell growth and on modulating the differentiation ability of mesenchymal stem cells was evaluated by different biochemical and immunostaining assays. 24572494 6 73 theme external 1139:1146 arg1 factors 1155:1161 external growth factors 1139:1161 external growth factors 1139:1161 The monitoring of cells over a period of four weeks showed increased cellular proliferation and osteogenic differentiation without external growth factors, compared with control (supplemented with osteogenic differentiation medium). 24572494 6 74 theme increased 1067:1075 arg1 proliferation 1086:1098 cellular proliferation 1077:1098 cellular proliferation 1077:1098 The monitoring of cells over a period of four weeks showed increased cellular proliferation and osteogenic differentiation without external growth factors, compared with control (supplemented with osteogenic differentiation medium). 24572494 2 75 theme polymeric 381:389 arg1 composite 391:399 a three-dimensional gelatin-hyaluronic acid-alginate (GHA) polymeric composite 322:399 a three-dimensional gelatin-hyaluronic acid-alginate (GHA) polymeric composite 322:399 In the present study, a three-dimensional gelatin-hyaluronic acid-alginate (GHA) polymeric composite was synthesized by freeze-drying, which was followed by ionic crosslinking using CaCl2, and evaluated for its suitability in bone tissue engineering applications. 24572494 7 76 theme implant 1358:1364 arg1 duration 1342:1349 the duration 1338:1349 the duration of the implant 1338:1364 The in vivo matrix implantation showed higher matrix-tissue integration and cell infiltration as the duration of the implant increased. 24572494 7 77 theme higher 1280:1285 arg1 integration 1301:1311 higher matrix-tissue integration 1280:1311 higher matrix-tissue integration 1280:1311 The in vivo matrix implantation showed higher matrix-tissue integration and cell infiltration as the duration of the implant increased. 24572494 8 78 theme tissue 1567:1572 arg1 applications 1586:1597 bone tissue engineering applications 1562:1597 bone tissue engineering applications 1562:1597 These results suggest that a porous GHA matrix with suitable mechanical integrity and tissue compatibility is a promising substrate for the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells for bone tissue engineering applications. 24572494 8 79 theme promising 1489:1497 arg1 matrix 1417:1422 a porous GHA matrix 1404:1422 a porous GHA matrix with suitable mechanical integrity and tissue compatibility 1404:1482 These results suggest that a porous GHA matrix with suitable mechanical integrity and tissue compatibility is a promising substrate for the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells for bone tissue engineering applications. 24572494 8 79 theme promising 1489:1497 arg1 substrate 1499:1507 a promising substrate 1487:1507 a promising substrate for the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells for bone tissue engineering applications 1487:1597 These results suggest that a porous GHA matrix with suitable mechanical integrity and tissue compatibility is a promising substrate for the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells for bone tissue engineering applications. 24572494 4 80 theme rheological 681:691 arg1 analysis 693:700 The rheological analysis 677:700 The rheological analysis of GHA 677:707 The rheological analysis of GHA showed a viscoelastic characteristic, which suggested a high load bearing capacity without fractural deformation. 24572494 7 81 theme matrix-tissue 1287:1299 arg1 integration 1301:1311 higher matrix-tissue integration 1280:1311 higher matrix-tissue integration 1280:1311 The in vivo matrix implantation showed higher matrix-tissue integration and cell infiltration as the duration of the implant increased. 24572494 2 82 theme tissue 531:536 arg1 applications 550:561 bone tissue engineering applications 526:561 bone tissue engineering applications 526:561 In the present study, a three-dimensional gelatin-hyaluronic acid-alginate (GHA) polymeric composite was synthesized by freeze-drying, which was followed by ionic crosslinking using CaCl2, and evaluated for its suitability in bone tissue engineering applications. 26794763 0 0 theme treatment 86:94 arg1 methods--Preparation 96:115 ultrasonic treatment methods--Preparation 75:115 ultrasonic treatment methods--Preparation 75:115 Processing surface sizing starch using oxidation, enzymatic hydrolysis and ultrasonic treatment methods--Preparation and application. 26794763 8 1 theme treated 1083:1089 arg1 solutions 1098:1106 ultrasonically treated starch solutions 1068:1106 ultrasonically treated starch solutions show the same strength properties compared to commercially sized paper 1068:1177 Paper sized with ultrasonically treated starch solutions show the same strength properties compared to commercially sized paper. 26794763 6 2 theme ultrasonic 752:761 arg1 treatment 763:771 ultrasonic treatment 752:771 ultrasonic treatment 752:771 The molecular composition of starch solutions prepared by ultrasonic treatment differed from that of starch solutions degraded by enzymes or by thermo-oxidation. 26794763 0 3 theme ultrasonic 75:84 arg1 methods--Preparation 96:115 ultrasonic treatment methods--Preparation 75:115 ultrasonic treatment methods--Preparation 75:115 Processing surface sizing starch using oxidation, enzymatic hydrolysis and ultrasonic treatment methods--Preparation and application. 26794763 5 4 theme surface 678:684 arg1 sizing 686:691 surface sizing 678:691 surface sizing 678:691 It was found that ultrasonic-assisted starch degradation can provide a starch solution that is suitable for surface sizing. 26794763 7 5 theme higher 1015:1020 arg1 content 1029:1035 a higher starch content 1013:1035 a higher starch content of the paper 1013:1048 Compared to commercial degradation processes, this resulted in intensified film formation and in greater penetration during surface sizing and ultimately in a higher starch content of the paper. 26794763 1 6 theme well-established 173:188 arg1 application 146:156 The surface application 134:156 The surface application of starch 134:166 The surface application of starch is a well-established method for increasing paper strength. 26794763 1 6 theme well-established 173:188 arg1 method 190:195 a well-established method 171:195 a well-established method for increasing paper strength 171:225 The surface application of starch is a well-established method for increasing paper strength. 26794763 7 7 theme intensified 919:929 arg1 formation 936:944 intensified film formation 919:944 intensified film formation 919:944 Compared to commercial degradation processes, this resulted in intensified film formation and in greater penetration during surface sizing and ultimately in a higher starch content of the paper. 26794763 8 8 dep solutions 1098:1106 arg1 show 1108:1111 show 1108:1111 show the same strength properties compared to commercially sized paper 1108:1177 Paper sized with ultrasonically treated starch solutions show the same strength properties compared to commercially sized paper. 26794763 7 9 theme starch 1022:1027 arg1 content 1029:1035 a higher starch content 1013:1035 a higher starch content of the paper 1013:1048 Compared to commercial degradation processes, this resulted in intensified film formation and in greater penetration during surface sizing and ultimately in a higher starch content of the paper. 26794763 7 10 theme film 931:934 arg1 formation 936:944 intensified film formation 919:944 intensified film formation 919:944 Compared to commercial degradation processes, this resulted in intensified film formation and in greater penetration during surface sizing and ultimately in a higher starch content of the paper. 26794763 3 11 theme paper 368:372 arg1 mill 374:377 the paper mill 364:377 the paper mill 364:377 Two procedures have proved valuable for starch degradation in the paper mill: enzymatic and thermo-oxidative degradation. 26794763 8 12 theme starch 1091:1096 arg1 solutions 1098:1106 ultrasonically treated starch solutions 1068:1106 ultrasonically treated starch solutions show the same strength properties compared to commercially sized paper 1068:1177 Paper sized with ultrasonically treated starch solutions show the same strength properties compared to commercially sized paper. 26794763 0 13 theme enzymatic 50:58 arg1 hydrolysis 60:69 enzymatic hydrolysis 50:69 enzymatic hydrolysis 50:69 Processing surface sizing starch using oxidation, enzymatic hydrolysis and ultrasonic treatment methods--Preparation and application. 26794763 5 14 theme starch 641:646 arg1 solution 648:655 a starch solution 639:655 a starch solution that is suitable for surface sizing 639:691 It was found that ultrasonic-assisted starch degradation can provide a starch solution that is suitable for surface sizing. 26794763 5 14 theme starch 641:646 arg1 suitable 665:672 suitable 665:672 suitable 665:672 It was found that ultrasonic-assisted starch degradation can provide a starch solution that is suitable for surface sizing. 26794763 3 15 contain have 317:320 arg2 degradation 411:421 thermo-oxidative degradation 394:421 thermo-oxidative degradation 394:421 Two procedures have proved valuable for starch degradation in the paper mill: enzymatic and thermo-oxidative degradation. 26794763 3 15 contain have 317:320 arg1 procedures 306:315 Two procedures 302:315 Two procedures 302:315 Two procedures have proved valuable for starch degradation in the paper mill: enzymatic and thermo-oxidative degradation. 26794763 3 15 contain have 317:320 arg2 enzymatic 380:388 enzymatic 380:388 enzymatic 380:388 Two procedures have proved valuable for starch degradation in the paper mill: enzymatic and thermo-oxidative degradation. 26794763 0 16 theme surface 11:17 arg1 starch 26:31 Processing surface sizing starch 0:31 Processing surface sizing starch 0:31 Processing surface sizing starch using oxidation, enzymatic hydrolysis and ultrasonic treatment methods--Preparation and application. 26794763 4 17 theme cavitation 496:505 arg1 efficiencies 480:491 achievable efficiencies 469:491 achievable efficiencies of cavitation 469:505 The objective of this study was to determine achievable efficiencies of cavitation in preparing degraded starch for surface application on paper. 26794763 8 18 theme strength 1122:1129 arg1 properties 1131:1140 the same strength properties 1113:1140 the same strength properties 1113:1140 Paper sized with ultrasonically treated starch solutions show the same strength properties compared to commercially sized paper. 26794763 5 19 theme ultrasonic-assisted 588:606 arg1 degradation 615:625 ultrasonic-assisted starch degradation 588:625 ultrasonic-assisted starch degradation 588:625 It was found that ultrasonic-assisted starch degradation can provide a starch solution that is suitable for surface sizing. 26794763 6 20 theme starch 723:728 arg1 solutions 730:738 starch solutions 723:738 starch solutions prepared by ultrasonic treatment 723:771 The molecular composition of starch solutions prepared by ultrasonic treatment differed from that of starch solutions degraded by enzymes or by thermo-oxidation. 26794763 0 21 theme Processing 0:9 arg1 starch 26:31 Processing surface sizing starch 0:31 Processing surface sizing starch 0:31 Processing surface sizing starch using oxidation, enzymatic hydrolysis and ultrasonic treatment methods--Preparation and application. 26794763 8 22 theme same 1117:1120 arg1 properties 1131:1140 the same strength properties 1113:1140 the same strength properties 1113:1140 Paper sized with ultrasonically treated starch solutions show the same strength properties compared to commercially sized paper. 26794763 5 23 theme starch 608:613 arg1 degradation 615:625 ultrasonic-assisted starch degradation 588:625 ultrasonic-assisted starch degradation 588:625 It was found that ultrasonic-assisted starch degradation can provide a starch solution that is suitable for surface sizing. 26794763 7 24 theme degradation 879:889 arg1 processes 891:899 commercial degradation processes 868:899 commercial degradation processes 868:899 Compared to commercial degradation processes, this resulted in intensified film formation and in greater penetration during surface sizing and ultimately in a higher starch content of the paper. 26794763 1 25 theme paper 212:216 arg1 strength 218:225 paper strength 212:225 paper strength 212:225 The surface application of starch is a well-established method for increasing paper strength. 26794763 7 26 theme surface 980:986 arg1 sizing 988:993 surface sizing 980:993 surface sizing 980:993 Compared to commercial degradation processes, this resulted in intensified film formation and in greater penetration during surface sizing and ultimately in a higher starch content of the paper. 26794763 4 27 from application 548:558 arg1 paper 563:567 paper 563:567 paper 563:567 The objective of this study was to determine achievable efficiencies of cavitation in preparing degraded starch for surface application on paper. 26794763 0 28 theme sizing 19:24 arg1 starch 26:31 Processing surface sizing starch 0:31 Processing surface sizing starch 0:31 Processing surface sizing starch using oxidation, enzymatic hydrolysis and ultrasonic treatment methods--Preparation and application. 26794763 3 29 from degradation 349:359 arg1 mill 374:377 the paper mill 364:377 the paper mill 364:377 Two procedures have proved valuable for starch degradation in the paper mill: enzymatic and thermo-oxidative degradation. 26794763 6 30 theme molecular 698:706 arg1 composition 708:718 The molecular composition 694:718 The molecular composition of starch solutions prepared by ultrasonic treatment 694:771 The molecular composition of starch solutions prepared by ultrasonic treatment differed from that of starch solutions degraded by enzymes or by thermo-oxidation. 26794763 7 31 theme commercial 868:877 arg1 processes 891:899 commercial degradation processes 868:899 commercial degradation processes 868:899 Compared to commercial degradation processes, this resulted in intensified film formation and in greater penetration during surface sizing and ultimately in a higher starch content of the paper. 26794763 4 32 theme achievable 469:478 arg1 efficiencies 480:491 achievable efficiencies 469:491 achievable efficiencies of cavitation 469:505 The objective of this study was to determine achievable efficiencies of cavitation in preparing degraded starch for surface application on paper. 26794763 3 33 theme thermo-oxidative 394:409 arg1 degradation 411:421 thermo-oxidative degradation 394:421 thermo-oxidative degradation 394:421 Two procedures have proved valuable for starch degradation in the paper mill: enzymatic and thermo-oxidative degradation. 26794763 4 34 theme surface 540:546 arg1 application 548:558 surface application 540:558 surface application on paper 540:567 The objective of this study was to determine achievable efficiencies of cavitation in preparing degraded starch for surface application on paper. 26794763 6 35 theme starch 795:800 arg1 solutions 802:810 starch solutions 795:810 starch solutions degraded by enzymes or by thermo-oxidation 795:853 The molecular composition of starch solutions prepared by ultrasonic treatment differed from that of starch solutions degraded by enzymes or by thermo-oxidation. 26794763 8 36 theme sized 1167:1171 arg1 paper 1173:1177 commercially sized paper 1154:1177 commercially sized paper 1154:1177 Paper sized with ultrasonically treated starch solutions show the same strength properties compared to commercially sized paper. 26794763 2 37 theme surface 231:237 arg1 sizing 239:244 surface sizing 231:244 surface sizing 231:244 In surface sizing, a solution of degraded starch is applied to the paper. 26794763 1 38 theme surface 138:144 arg1 application 146:156 The surface application 134:156 The surface application of starch 134:166 The surface application of starch is a well-established method for increasing paper strength. 26794763 1 38 theme surface 138:144 arg1 method 190:195 a well-established method 171:195 a well-established method for increasing paper strength 171:225 The surface application of starch is a well-established method for increasing paper strength. 26794763 4 39 theme study 446:450 arg1 objective 428:436 The objective 424:436 The objective of this study 424:450 The objective of this study was to determine achievable efficiencies of cavitation in preparing degraded starch for surface application on paper. 26794763 2 40 theme starch 270:275 arg1 solution 249:256 a solution 247:256 a solution of degraded starch 247:275 In surface sizing, a solution of degraded starch is applied to the paper. 26794763 6 41 theme solutions 730:738 arg1 composition 708:718 The molecular composition 694:718 The molecular composition of starch solutions prepared by ultrasonic treatment 694:771 The molecular composition of starch solutions prepared by ultrasonic treatment differed from that of starch solutions degraded by enzymes or by thermo-oxidation. 26794763 2 42 theme degraded 261:268 arg1 starch 270:275 degraded starch 261:275 degraded starch 261:275 In surface sizing, a solution of degraded starch is applied to the paper. 26794763 7 43 theme paper 1044:1048 arg1 content 1029:1035 a higher starch content 1013:1035 a higher starch content of the paper 1013:1048 Compared to commercial degradation processes, this resulted in intensified film formation and in greater penetration during surface sizing and ultimately in a higher starch content of the paper. 26794763 1 44 theme starch 161:166 arg1 application 146:156 The surface application 134:156 The surface application of starch 134:166 The surface application of starch is a well-established method for increasing paper strength. 26794763 1 44 theme starch 161:166 arg1 method 190:195 a well-established method 171:195 a well-established method for increasing paper strength 171:225 The surface application of starch is a well-established method for increasing paper strength. 26794763 7 45 theme greater 953:959 arg1 penetration 961:971 greater penetration 953:971 greater penetration during surface sizing 953:993 Compared to commercial degradation processes, this resulted in intensified film formation and in greater penetration during surface sizing and ultimately in a higher starch content of the paper. 26794763 3 46 theme starch 342:347 arg1 degradation 349:359 starch degradation 342:359 starch degradation in the paper mill 342:377 Two procedures have proved valuable for starch degradation in the paper mill: enzymatic and thermo-oxidative degradation. 26794763 4 47 theme degraded 520:527 arg1 starch 529:534 degraded starch 520:534 degraded starch 520:534 The objective of this study was to determine achievable efficiencies of cavitation in preparing degraded starch for surface application on paper. 26313257 9 0 theme endogenous 1437:1446 arg1 cellulases 1455:1464 endogenous (hemi) cellulases 1437:1464 endogenous (hemi) cellulases 1437:1464 This study describes, for the first time, bacterial endosymbionts and endogenous (hemi) cellulases of two Argentinean native termites as well as their potential application in degradation of lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production. 26313257 9 0 theme endogenous 1437:1446 arg1 hemi 1449:1452 hemi 1449:1452 hemi 1449:1452 This study describes, for the first time, bacterial endosymbionts and endogenous (hemi) cellulases of two Argentinean native termites as well as their potential application in degradation of lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production. 26313257 6 1 theme gel 1106:1108 arg1 electrophoresis 1110:1124 two-dimensional gel electrophoresis 1090:1124 two-dimensional gel electrophoresis 1090:1124 Several protein bands with (hemi) cellulolytic activity were detected in zymograms and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. 26313257 9 2 theme native 1485:1490 arg1 termites 1492:1499 two Argentinean native termites 1469:1499 two Argentinean native termites as well as their potential application in degradation of lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production 1469:1606 This study describes, for the first time, bacterial endosymbionts and endogenous (hemi) cellulases of two Argentinean native termites as well as their potential application in degradation of lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production. 26313257 0 3 theme Untreated 64:72 arg1 Biomasses 89:97 Untreated and Pretreated Biomasses 64:97 Untreated and Pretreated Biomasses in Two Argentinean Native Termites 64:132 Prospection and Evaluation of (Hemi) Cellulolytic Enzymes Using Untreated and Pretreated Biomasses in Two Argentinean Native Termites. 26313257 7 4 theme xylanolytic 1184:1194 arg1 peptides 1196:1203 xylanolytic peptides 1184:1203 xylanolytic peptides 1184:1203 Some proteins of these bands or spots were identified as xylanolytic peptides by mass spectrometry. 26313257 7 4 theme xylanolytic 1184:1194 arg1 proteins 1132:1139 Some proteins 1127:1139 Some proteins of these bands or spots 1127:1163 Some proteins of these bands or spots were identified as xylanolytic peptides by mass spectrometry. 26313257 9 5 theme application 1528:1538 arg1 endosymbionts 1419:1431 bacterial endosymbionts 1409:1431 bacterial endosymbionts 1409:1431 This study describes, for the first time, bacterial endosymbionts and endogenous (hemi) cellulases of two Argentinean native termites as well as their potential application in degradation of lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production. 26313257 9 5 theme application 1528:1538 arg1 cellulases 1455:1464 endogenous (hemi) cellulases 1437:1464 endogenous (hemi) cellulases 1437:1464 This study describes, for the first time, bacterial endosymbionts and endogenous (hemi) cellulases of two Argentinean native termites as well as their potential application in degradation of lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production. 26313257 9 5 theme application 1528:1538 arg1 hemi 1449:1452 hemi 1449:1452 hemi 1449:1452 This study describes, for the first time, bacterial endosymbionts and endogenous (hemi) cellulases of two Argentinean native termites as well as their potential application in degradation of lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production. 26313257 8 6 theme Argentinean 1318:1328 arg1 species 1345:1351 both Argentinean native termite species 1313:1351 both Argentinean native termite species 1313:1351 Finally, the diversity of cultured cellulolytic bacterial endosymbionts associated to both Argentinean native termite species was analyzed. 26313257 1 7 theme Napier 238:243 arg1 grass 245:249 Napier grass 238:249 Napier grass 238:249 Saccharum officinarum bagasse (common name: sugarcane bagasse) and Pennisetum purpureum (also known as Napier grass) are among the most promising feedstocks for bioethanol production in Argentina and Brazil. 26313257 6 8 dep cellulolytic 1037:1048 arg1 hemi 1031:1034 hemi 1031:1034 hemi 1031:1034 Several protein bands with (hemi) cellulolytic activity were detected in zymograms and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. 26313257 3 9 theme composition 539:549 arg1 analysis 551:558 The chemical composition analysis 526:558 The chemical composition analysis of the biomasses after diluted acid pretreatment 526:607 The chemical composition analysis of the biomasses after diluted acid pretreatment showed that the hemicellulose fraction was partially removed. 26313257 6 10 located detected 1064:1071 arg2 bands 1019:1023 Several protein bands 1003:1023 Several protein bands with (hemi) cellulolytic activity 1003:1057 Several protein bands with (hemi) cellulolytic activity were detected in zymograms and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. 26313257 6 10 located detected 1064:1071 arg1 electrophoresis 1110:1124 two-dimensional gel electrophoresis 1090:1124 two-dimensional gel electrophoresis 1090:1124 Several protein bands with (hemi) cellulolytic activity were detected in zymograms and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. 26313257 6 10 located detected 1064:1071 arg1 zymograms 1076:1084 zymograms 1076:1084 zymograms 1076:1084 Several protein bands with (hemi) cellulolytic activity were detected in zymograms and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. 26313257 0 11 theme Pretreated 78:87 arg1 Biomasses 89:97 Untreated and Pretreated Biomasses 64:97 Untreated and Pretreated Biomasses in Two Argentinean Native Termites 64:132 Prospection and Evaluation of (Hemi) Cellulolytic Enzymes Using Untreated and Pretreated Biomasses in Two Argentinean Native Termites. 26313257 1 12 from production 307:316 arg1 Argentina 321:329 Argentina 321:329 Argentina 321:329 Saccharum officinarum bagasse (common name: sugarcane bagasse) and Pennisetum purpureum (also known as Napier grass) are among the most promising feedstocks for bioethanol production in Argentina and Brazil. 26313257 1 12 from production 307:316 arg1 Brazil 335:340 Brazil 335:340 Brazil 335:340 Saccharum officinarum bagasse (common name: sugarcane bagasse) and Pennisetum purpureum (also known as Napier grass) are among the most promising feedstocks for bioethanol production in Argentina and Brazil. 26313257 5 13 theme untreated 948:956 arg1 biomasses 958:966 untreated biomasses 948:966 untreated biomasses 948:966 In all cases, we detected significantly higher endoglucanase and xylanase activities using pretreated biomasses compared to untreated biomasses, carboxymethylcellulose and xylan. 26313257 5 13 theme untreated 948:956 arg1 xylan 996:1000 xylan 996:1000 xylan 996:1000 In all cases, we detected significantly higher endoglucanase and xylanase activities using pretreated biomasses compared to untreated biomasses, carboxymethylcellulose and xylan. 26313257 5 13 theme untreated 948:956 arg1 carboxymethylcellulose 969:990 carboxymethylcellulose 969:990 carboxymethylcellulose 969:990 In all cases, we detected significantly higher endoglucanase and xylanase activities using pretreated biomasses compared to untreated biomasses, carboxymethylcellulose and xylan. 26313257 9 14 from endosymbionts 1419:1431 arg1 degradation 1543:1553 degradation 1543:1553 degradation of lignocellulosic biomass 1543:1580 This study describes, for the first time, bacterial endosymbionts and endogenous (hemi) cellulases of two Argentinean native termites as well as their potential application in degradation of lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production. 26313257 4 15 theme termite 758:764 arg1 homogenates 770:780 termite gut homogenates 758:780 termite gut homogenates grown in treated and untreated biomasses 758:821 The (hemi) cellulolytic activities were evaluated in bacterial culture supernatants of termite gut homogenates grown in treated and untreated biomasses. 26313257 9 16 theme potential 1518:1526 arg1 application 1528:1538 their potential application 1512:1538 two Argentinean native termites as well as their potential application in degradation of lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production 1469:1606 This study describes, for the first time, bacterial endosymbionts and endogenous (hemi) cellulases of two Argentinean native termites as well as their potential application in degradation of lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production. 26313257 1 17 theme common 166:171 arg1 name 173:176 common name 166:176 common name: sugarcane bagasse 166:195 Saccharum officinarum bagasse (common name: sugarcane bagasse) and Pennisetum purpureum (also known as Napier grass) are among the most promising feedstocks for bioethanol production in Argentina and Brazil. 26313257 2 18 theme termite 503:509 arg1 digestome 515:523 termite gut digestome 503:523 termite gut digestome 503:523 In this study, both biomasses were assessed before and after acid pretreatment and following hydrolysis with Nasutitermes aquilinus and Cortaritermes fulviceps termite gut digestome. 26313257 9 19 theme termites 1492:1499 arg1 endosymbionts 1419:1431 bacterial endosymbionts 1409:1431 bacterial endosymbionts 1409:1431 This study describes, for the first time, bacterial endosymbionts and endogenous (hemi) cellulases of two Argentinean native termites as well as their potential application in degradation of lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production. 26313257 9 19 theme termites 1492:1499 arg1 cellulases 1455:1464 endogenous (hemi) cellulases 1437:1464 endogenous (hemi) cellulases 1437:1464 This study describes, for the first time, bacterial endosymbionts and endogenous (hemi) cellulases of two Argentinean native termites as well as their potential application in degradation of lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production. 26313257 9 19 theme termites 1492:1499 arg1 hemi 1449:1452 hemi 1449:1452 hemi 1449:1452 This study describes, for the first time, bacterial endosymbionts and endogenous (hemi) cellulases of two Argentinean native termites as well as their potential application in degradation of lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production. 26313257 7 20 theme spots 1159:1163 arg1 peptides 1196:1203 xylanolytic peptides 1184:1203 xylanolytic peptides 1184:1203 Some proteins of these bands or spots were identified as xylanolytic peptides by mass spectrometry. 26313257 7 20 theme spots 1159:1163 arg1 proteins 1132:1139 Some proteins 1127:1139 Some proteins of these bands or spots 1127:1163 Some proteins of these bands or spots were identified as xylanolytic peptides by mass spectrometry. 26313257 3 21 theme chemical 530:537 arg1 analysis 551:558 The chemical composition analysis 526:558 The chemical composition analysis of the biomasses after diluted acid pretreatment 526:607 The chemical composition analysis of the biomasses after diluted acid pretreatment showed that the hemicellulose fraction was partially removed. 26313257 2 22 theme gut 511:513 arg1 digestome 515:523 termite gut digestome 503:523 termite gut digestome 503:523 In this study, both biomasses were assessed before and after acid pretreatment and following hydrolysis with Nasutitermes aquilinus and Cortaritermes fulviceps termite gut digestome. 26313257 6 23 theme protein 1011:1017 arg1 bands 1019:1023 Several protein bands 1003:1023 Several protein bands with (hemi) cellulolytic activity 1003:1057 Several protein bands with (hemi) cellulolytic activity were detected in zymograms and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. 26313257 1 24 dep bagasse 157:163 arg1 name 173:176 common name 166:176 common name: sugarcane bagasse 166:195 Saccharum officinarum bagasse (common name: sugarcane bagasse) and Pennisetum purpureum (also known as Napier grass) are among the most promising feedstocks for bioethanol production in Argentina and Brazil. 26313257 8 25 theme termite 1337:1343 arg1 species 1345:1351 both Argentinean native termite species 1313:1351 both Argentinean native termite species 1313:1351 Finally, the diversity of cultured cellulolytic bacterial endosymbionts associated to both Argentinean native termite species was analyzed. 26313257 7 26 theme bands 1150:1154 arg1 peptides 1196:1203 xylanolytic peptides 1184:1203 xylanolytic peptides 1184:1203 Some proteins of these bands or spots were identified as xylanolytic peptides by mass spectrometry. 26313257 7 26 theme bands 1150:1154 arg1 proteins 1132:1139 Some proteins 1127:1139 Some proteins of these bands or spots 1127:1163 Some proteins of these bands or spots were identified as xylanolytic peptides by mass spectrometry. 26313257 1 27 theme sugarcane 179:187 arg1 bagasse 189:195 sugarcane bagasse 179:195 common name: sugarcane bagasse 166:195 Saccharum officinarum bagasse (common name: sugarcane bagasse) and Pennisetum purpureum (also known as Napier grass) are among the most promising feedstocks for bioethanol production in Argentina and Brazil. 26313257 2 28 theme acid 404:407 arg1 pretreatment 409:420 acid pretreatment 404:420 acid pretreatment 404:420 In this study, both biomasses were assessed before and after acid pretreatment and following hydrolysis with Nasutitermes aquilinus and Cortaritermes fulviceps termite gut digestome. 26313257 9 29 theme bacterial 1409:1417 arg1 endosymbionts 1419:1431 bacterial endosymbionts 1409:1431 bacterial endosymbionts 1409:1431 This study describes, for the first time, bacterial endosymbionts and endogenous (hemi) cellulases of two Argentinean native termites as well as their potential application in degradation of lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production. 26313257 0 30 theme Native 118:123 arg1 Termites 125:132 Two Argentinean Native Termites 102:132 Two Argentinean Native Termites 102:132 Prospection and Evaluation of (Hemi) Cellulolytic Enzymes Using Untreated and Pretreated Biomasses in Two Argentinean Native Termites. 26313257 3 31 theme acid 591:594 arg1 pretreatment 596:607 diluted acid pretreatment 583:607 diluted acid pretreatment 583:607 The chemical composition analysis of the biomasses after diluted acid pretreatment showed that the hemicellulose fraction was partially removed. 26313257 1 32 dep Saccharum 135:143 arg1 officinarum 145:155 officinarum 145:155 officinarum 145:155 Saccharum officinarum bagasse (common name: sugarcane bagasse) and Pennisetum purpureum (also known as Napier grass) are among the most promising feedstocks for bioethanol production in Argentina and Brazil. 26313257 8 33 theme cultured 1253:1260 arg1 endosymbionts 1285:1297 cultured cellulolytic bacterial endosymbionts 1253:1297 cultured cellulolytic bacterial endosymbionts associated to both Argentinean native termite species 1253:1351 Finally, the diversity of cultured cellulolytic bacterial endosymbionts associated to both Argentinean native termite species was analyzed. 26313257 0 34 theme Argentinean 106:116 arg1 Termites 125:132 Two Argentinean Native Termites 102:132 Two Argentinean Native Termites 102:132 Prospection and Evaluation of (Hemi) Cellulolytic Enzymes Using Untreated and Pretreated Biomasses in Two Argentinean Native Termites. 26313257 4 35 theme gut 766:768 arg1 homogenates 770:780 termite gut homogenates 758:780 termite gut homogenates grown in treated and untreated biomasses 758:821 The (hemi) cellulolytic activities were evaluated in bacterial culture supernatants of termite gut homogenates grown in treated and untreated biomasses. 26313257 5 36 theme pretreated 915:924 arg1 biomasses 926:934 pretreated biomasses 915:934 pretreated biomasses 915:934 In all cases, we detected significantly higher endoglucanase and xylanase activities using pretreated biomasses compared to untreated biomasses, carboxymethylcellulose and xylan. 26313257 7 37 theme mass 1208:1211 arg1 spectrometry 1213:1224 mass spectrometry 1208:1224 mass spectrometry 1208:1224 Some proteins of these bands or spots were identified as xylanolytic peptides by mass spectrometry. 26313257 1 38 theme most 266:269 arg1 feedstocks 281:290 the most promising feedstocks 262:290 the most promising feedstocks for bioethanol production in Argentina and Brazil 262:340 Saccharum officinarum bagasse (common name: sugarcane bagasse) and Pennisetum purpureum (also known as Napier grass) are among the most promising feedstocks for bioethanol production in Argentina and Brazil. 26313257 1 39 dep known 229:233 arg1 also 224:227 also 224:227 also 224:227 Saccharum officinarum bagasse (common name: sugarcane bagasse) and Pennisetum purpureum (also known as Napier grass) are among the most promising feedstocks for bioethanol production in Argentina and Brazil. 26313257 8 40 theme native 1330:1335 arg1 species 1345:1351 both Argentinean native termite species 1313:1351 both Argentinean native termite species 1313:1351 Finally, the diversity of cultured cellulolytic bacterial endosymbionts associated to both Argentinean native termite species was analyzed. 26313257 5 41 theme higher 864:869 arg1 activities 898:907 significantly higher endoglucanase and xylanase activities 850:907 significantly higher endoglucanase and xylanase activities using pretreated biomasses 850:934 In all cases, we detected significantly higher endoglucanase and xylanase activities using pretreated biomasses compared to untreated biomasses, carboxymethylcellulose and xylan. 26313257 8 42 theme bacterial 1275:1283 arg1 endosymbionts 1285:1297 cultured cellulolytic bacterial endosymbionts 1253:1297 cultured cellulolytic bacterial endosymbionts associated to both Argentinean native termite species 1253:1351 Finally, the diversity of cultured cellulolytic bacterial endosymbionts associated to both Argentinean native termite species was analyzed. 26313257 1 43 theme promising 271:279 arg1 feedstocks 281:290 the most promising feedstocks 262:290 the most promising feedstocks for bioethanol production in Argentina and Brazil 262:340 Saccharum officinarum bagasse (common name: sugarcane bagasse) and Pennisetum purpureum (also known as Napier grass) are among the most promising feedstocks for bioethanol production in Argentina and Brazil. 26313257 6 44 theme cellulolytic 1037:1048 arg1 activity 1050:1057 (hemi) cellulolytic activity 1030:1057 (hemi) cellulolytic activity 1030:1057 Several protein bands with (hemi) cellulolytic activity were detected in zymograms and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. 26313257 1 45 dep purpureum 213:221 arg1 known 229:233 known 229:233 known as Napier grass 229:249 Saccharum officinarum bagasse (common name: sugarcane bagasse) and Pennisetum purpureum (also known as Napier grass) are among the most promising feedstocks for bioethanol production in Argentina and Brazil. 26313257 8 46 theme cellulolytic 1262:1273 arg1 endosymbionts 1285:1297 cultured cellulolytic bacterial endosymbionts 1253:1297 cultured cellulolytic bacterial endosymbionts associated to both Argentinean native termite species 1253:1351 Finally, the diversity of cultured cellulolytic bacterial endosymbionts associated to both Argentinean native termite species was analyzed. 26313257 1 47 theme Pennisetum 202:211 arg1 purpureum 213:221 Pennisetum purpureum 202:221 Pennisetum purpureum (also known as Napier grass) 202:250 Saccharum officinarum bagasse (common name: sugarcane bagasse) and Pennisetum purpureum (also known as Napier grass) are among the most promising feedstocks for bioethanol production in Argentina and Brazil. 26313257 0 48 theme Cellulolytic 37:48 arg1 Hemi 31:34 Hemi 31:34 Hemi 31:34 Prospection and Evaluation of (Hemi) Cellulolytic Enzymes Using Untreated and Pretreated Biomasses in Two Argentinean Native Termites. 26313257 0 48 theme Cellulolytic 37:48 arg1 Enzymes 50:56 (Hemi) Cellulolytic Enzymes 30:56 (Hemi) Cellulolytic Enzymes Using Untreated and Pretreated Biomasses in Two Argentinean Native Termites 30:132 Prospection and Evaluation of (Hemi) Cellulolytic Enzymes Using Untreated and Pretreated Biomasses in Two Argentinean Native Termites. 26313257 6 49 theme Several 1003:1009 arg1 bands 1019:1023 Several protein bands 1003:1023 Several protein bands with (hemi) cellulolytic activity 1003:1057 Several protein bands with (hemi) cellulolytic activity were detected in zymograms and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. 26313257 3 50 theme diluted 583:589 arg1 pretreatment 596:607 diluted acid pretreatment 583:607 diluted acid pretreatment 583:607 The chemical composition analysis of the biomasses after diluted acid pretreatment showed that the hemicellulose fraction was partially removed. 26313257 9 51 theme first 1397:1401 arg1 time 1403:1406 the first time 1393:1406 the first time 1393:1406 This study describes, for the first time, bacterial endosymbionts and endogenous (hemi) cellulases of two Argentinean native termites as well as their potential application in degradation of lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production. 26313257 4 52 theme bacterial 724:732 arg1 supernatants 742:753 bacterial culture supernatants 724:753 bacterial culture supernatants of termite gut homogenates grown in treated and untreated biomasses 724:821 The (hemi) cellulolytic activities were evaluated in bacterial culture supernatants of termite gut homogenates grown in treated and untreated biomasses. 26313257 6 53 with bands 1019:1023 arg1 activity 1050:1057 (hemi) cellulolytic activity 1030:1057 (hemi) cellulolytic activity 1030:1057 Several protein bands with (hemi) cellulolytic activity were detected in zymograms and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. 26313257 2 54 dep aquilinus 465:473 arg1 digestome 515:523 termite gut digestome 503:523 termite gut digestome 503:523 In this study, both biomasses were assessed before and after acid pretreatment and following hydrolysis with Nasutitermes aquilinus and Cortaritermes fulviceps termite gut digestome. 26313257 9 55 from termites 1492:1499 arg1 degradation 1543:1553 degradation 1543:1553 degradation of lignocellulosic biomass 1543:1580 This study describes, for the first time, bacterial endosymbionts and endogenous (hemi) cellulases of two Argentinean native termites as well as their potential application in degradation of lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production. 26313257 1 56 dep name 173:176 arg1 bagasse 189:195 sugarcane bagasse 179:195 common name: sugarcane bagasse 166:195 Saccharum officinarum bagasse (common name: sugarcane bagasse) and Pennisetum purpureum (also known as Napier grass) are among the most promising feedstocks for bioethanol production in Argentina and Brazil. 26313257 9 57 theme biomass 1574:1580 arg1 degradation 1543:1553 degradation 1543:1553 degradation of lignocellulosic biomass 1543:1580 This study describes, for the first time, bacterial endosymbionts and endogenous (hemi) cellulases of two Argentinean native termites as well as their potential application in degradation of lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production. 26313257 8 58 theme endosymbionts 1285:1297 arg1 diversity 1240:1248 the diversity 1236:1248 the diversity of cultured cellulolytic bacterial endosymbionts associated to both Argentinean native termite species 1236:1351 Finally, the diversity of cultured cellulolytic bacterial endosymbionts associated to both Argentinean native termite species was analyzed. 26313257 1 59 theme bioethanol 296:305 arg1 production 307:316 bioethanol production 296:316 bioethanol production in Argentina and Brazil 296:340 Saccharum officinarum bagasse (common name: sugarcane bagasse) and Pennisetum purpureum (also known as Napier grass) are among the most promising feedstocks for bioethanol production in Argentina and Brazil. 26313257 9 60 from cellulases 1455:1464 arg1 degradation 1543:1553 degradation 1543:1553 degradation of lignocellulosic biomass 1543:1580 This study describes, for the first time, bacterial endosymbionts and endogenous (hemi) cellulases of two Argentinean native termites as well as their potential application in degradation of lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production. 26313257 3 61 theme hemicellulose 625:637 arg1 fraction 639:646 the hemicellulose fraction 621:646 the hemicellulose fraction 621:646 The chemical composition analysis of the biomasses after diluted acid pretreatment showed that the hemicellulose fraction was partially removed. 26313257 9 62 from degradation 1543:1553 arg1 endosymbionts 1419:1431 bacterial endosymbionts 1409:1431 bacterial endosymbionts 1409:1431 This study describes, for the first time, bacterial endosymbionts and endogenous (hemi) cellulases of two Argentinean native termites as well as their potential application in degradation of lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production. 26313257 9 62 from degradation 1543:1553 arg1 cellulases 1455:1464 endogenous (hemi) cellulases 1437:1464 endogenous (hemi) cellulases 1437:1464 This study describes, for the first time, bacterial endosymbionts and endogenous (hemi) cellulases of two Argentinean native termites as well as their potential application in degradation of lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production. 26313257 9 62 from degradation 1543:1553 arg1 hemi 1449:1452 hemi 1449:1452 hemi 1449:1452 This study describes, for the first time, bacterial endosymbionts and endogenous (hemi) cellulases of two Argentinean native termites as well as their potential application in degradation of lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production. 26313257 9 63 theme bioethanol 1586:1595 arg1 production 1597:1606 bioethanol production 1586:1606 bioethanol production 1586:1606 This study describes, for the first time, bacterial endosymbionts and endogenous (hemi) cellulases of two Argentinean native termites as well as their potential application in degradation of lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production. 26313257 4 64 theme homogenates 770:780 arg1 supernatants 742:753 bacterial culture supernatants 724:753 bacterial culture supernatants of termite gut homogenates grown in treated and untreated biomasses 724:821 The (hemi) cellulolytic activities were evaluated in bacterial culture supernatants of termite gut homogenates grown in treated and untreated biomasses. 26313257 3 65 theme biomasses 567:575 arg1 analysis 551:558 The chemical composition analysis 526:558 The chemical composition analysis of the biomasses after diluted acid pretreatment 526:607 The chemical composition analysis of the biomasses after diluted acid pretreatment showed that the hemicellulose fraction was partially removed. 26313257 4 66 theme treated 791:797 arg1 biomasses 813:821 treated and untreated biomasses 791:821 treated and untreated biomasses 791:821 The (hemi) cellulolytic activities were evaluated in bacterial culture supernatants of termite gut homogenates grown in treated and untreated biomasses. 26313257 0 67 from Biomasses 89:97 arg1 Termites 125:132 Two Argentinean Native Termites 102:132 Two Argentinean Native Termites 102:132 Prospection and Evaluation of (Hemi) Cellulolytic Enzymes Using Untreated and Pretreated Biomasses in Two Argentinean Native Termites. 26313257 4 68 theme untreated 803:811 arg1 biomasses 813:821 treated and untreated biomasses 791:821 treated and untreated biomasses 791:821 The (hemi) cellulolytic activities were evaluated in bacterial culture supernatants of termite gut homogenates grown in treated and untreated biomasses. 26313257 2 69 with hydrolysis 436:445 arg1 aquilinus 465:473 aquilinus 465:473 aquilinus 465:473 In this study, both biomasses were assessed before and after acid pretreatment and following hydrolysis with Nasutitermes aquilinus and Cortaritermes fulviceps termite gut digestome. 26313257 2 69 with hydrolysis 436:445 arg1 fulviceps 493:501 fulviceps 493:501 fulviceps 493:501 In this study, both biomasses were assessed before and after acid pretreatment and following hydrolysis with Nasutitermes aquilinus and Cortaritermes fulviceps termite gut digestome. 26313257 4 70 theme culture 734:740 arg1 supernatants 742:753 bacterial culture supernatants 724:753 bacterial culture supernatants of termite gut homogenates grown in treated and untreated biomasses 724:821 The (hemi) cellulolytic activities were evaluated in bacterial culture supernatants of termite gut homogenates grown in treated and untreated biomasses. 26313257 9 71 theme lignocellulosic 1558:1572 arg1 biomass 1574:1580 lignocellulosic biomass 1558:1580 lignocellulosic biomass 1558:1580 This study describes, for the first time, bacterial endosymbionts and endogenous (hemi) cellulases of two Argentinean native termites as well as their potential application in degradation of lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production. 26313257 5 72 theme endoglucanase 871:883 arg1 activities 898:907 significantly higher endoglucanase and xylanase activities 850:907 significantly higher endoglucanase and xylanase activities using pretreated biomasses 850:934 In all cases, we detected significantly higher endoglucanase and xylanase activities using pretreated biomasses compared to untreated biomasses, carboxymethylcellulose and xylan. 26313257 9 73 from application 1528:1538 arg1 degradation 1543:1553 degradation 1543:1553 degradation of lignocellulosic biomass 1543:1580 This study describes, for the first time, bacterial endosymbionts and endogenous (hemi) cellulases of two Argentinean native termites as well as their potential application in degradation of lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production. 26313257 1 74 theme Saccharum 135:143 arg1 bagasse 157:163 Saccharum officinarum bagasse 135:163 Saccharum officinarum bagasse (common name: sugarcane bagasse) 135:196 Saccharum officinarum bagasse (common name: sugarcane bagasse) and Pennisetum purpureum (also known as Napier grass) are among the most promising feedstocks for bioethanol production in Argentina and Brazil. 26313257 5 75 theme xylanase 889:896 arg1 activities 898:907 significantly higher endoglucanase and xylanase activities 850:907 significantly higher endoglucanase and xylanase activities using pretreated biomasses 850:934 In all cases, we detected significantly higher endoglucanase and xylanase activities using pretreated biomasses compared to untreated biomasses, carboxymethylcellulose and xylan. 26313257 0 76 theme Enzymes 50:56 arg1 Evaluation 16:25 Evaluation 16:25 Evaluation 16:25 Prospection and Evaluation of (Hemi) Cellulolytic Enzymes Using Untreated and Pretreated Biomasses in Two Argentinean Native Termites. 26313257 0 76 theme Enzymes 50:56 arg1 Prospection 0:10 Prospection 0:10 Prospection 0:10 Prospection and Evaluation of (Hemi) Cellulolytic Enzymes Using Untreated and Pretreated Biomasses in Two Argentinean Native Termites. 26313257 9 77 theme Argentinean 1473:1483 arg1 termites 1492:1499 two Argentinean native termites 1469:1499 two Argentinean native termites as well as their potential application in degradation of lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production 1469:1606 This study describes, for the first time, bacterial endosymbionts and endogenous (hemi) cellulases of two Argentinean native termites as well as their potential application in degradation of lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production. 26313257 4 78 theme cellulolytic 682:693 arg1 hemi 676:679 hemi 676:679 hemi 676:679 The (hemi) cellulolytic activities were evaluated in bacterial culture supernatants of termite gut homogenates grown in treated and untreated biomasses. 26313257 4 78 theme cellulolytic 682:693 arg1 activities 695:704 The (hemi) cellulolytic activities 671:704 The (hemi) cellulolytic activities 671:704 The (hemi) cellulolytic activities were evaluated in bacterial culture supernatants of termite gut homogenates grown in treated and untreated biomasses. 26313257 6 79 theme two-dimensional 1090:1104 arg1 electrophoresis 1110:1124 two-dimensional gel electrophoresis 1090:1124 two-dimensional gel electrophoresis 1090:1124 Several protein bands with (hemi) cellulolytic activity were detected in zymograms and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. 28762194 4 0 theme 2.5 784:786 arg1 % 787:787 % 787:787 % 787:787 Specimens were treated with 35% phosphoric acid and were subdivided into two groups according to dentin biomodification: without chitosan (control) and 2.5% chitosan. 28762194 13 1 theme chemical 1819:1826 arg1 composition 1828:1838 chemical composition 1819:1838 chemical composition 1819:1838 The selective removal of carious dentin with Er:YAG laser increased microhardness of residual caries-affected dentin, changing its surface morphology and chemical composition. 28762194 1 2 theme lesion 202:207 arg1 removal 183:189 selective removal 173:189 selective removal of carious lesion 173:207 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Er:YAG laser for selective removal of carious lesion, followed by biomodification with chitosan gel where the subsurface microhardness, chemical composition, and morphological changes of the residual caries-affected dentin were examined. 28762194 11 3 theme Ca/P 1518:1521 arg1 ratio 1523:1527 Ca/P ratio 1518:1527 Ca/P ratio of residual caries-affected dentin (p > 0.05) 1518:1573 The biomodification with chitosan did not influence the microhardness and atomic percentage of Ca, P, and Ca/P ratio of residual caries-affected dentin (p > 0.05). 28762194 12 4 theme residual 1621:1628 arg1 p > 0.05 1654:1661 p > 0.05 1654:1661 p > 0.05 1654:1661 SEM analysis showed morphological changes on residual caries-affected dentin (p > 0.05). 28762194 12 4 theme residual 1621:1628 arg1 dentin 1646:1651 residual caries-affected dentin 1621:1651 residual caries-affected dentin (p > 0.05) 1621:1662 SEM analysis showed morphological changes on residual caries-affected dentin (p > 0.05). 28762194 7 5 theme other 1025:1029 arg1 specimens 1034:1042 The other 64 specimens 1021:1042 The other 64 specimens 1021:1042 The other 64 specimens were subjected to SEM-EDS atomic analysis. 28762194 12 6 theme SEM 1576:1578 arg1 analysis 1580:1587 SEM analysis 1576:1587 SEM analysis 1576:1587 SEM analysis showed morphological changes on residual caries-affected dentin (p > 0.05). 28762194 0 7 with biomodification 73:87 arg1 chitosan 94:101 chitosan 94:101 chitosan 94:101 Selective removal of carious lesion with Er:YAG laser followed by dentin biomodification with chitosan. 28762194 6 8 theme microhardness 885:897 arg1 tests 899:903 Subsurface microhardness tests 874:903 Subsurface microhardness tests 874:903 Subsurface microhardness tests were performed in sound dentin, caries-affected dentin, residual caries-affected dentin, and after the restoration. 28762194 1 9 with biomodification 222:236 arg1 gel 252:254 chitosan gel 243:254 chitosan gel where the subsurface microhardness, chemical composition, and morphological changes of the residual caries-affected dentin were examined 243:391 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Er:YAG laser for selective removal of carious lesion, followed by biomodification with chitosan gel where the subsurface microhardness, chemical composition, and morphological changes of the residual caries-affected dentin were examined. 28762194 14 10 theme caries-affected 1945:1959 arg1 dentin 1961:1966 residual caries-affected dentin 1936:1966 residual caries-affected dentin 1936:1966 The biomodification with chitosan did not influence the structural and chemical composition of residual caries-affected dentin. 28762194 9 11 theme laser 1149:1153 arg1 excavation 1155:1164 the Er:YAG laser excavation 1138:1164 the Er:YAG laser excavation 1138:1164 After the Er:YAG laser excavation, the microhardness value of residual caries-affected dentin was higher (p < 0.05) than bur-treated dentin. 28762194 3 12 theme removal 559:565 arg1 method 567:572 the carious removal method 547:572 the carious removal method: bur (low-speed handpiece) or Er:YAG laser (250 mJ/4 Hz) 547:629 Specimens were randomly divided according to the carious removal method: bur (low-speed handpiece) or Er:YAG laser (250 mJ/4 Hz). 28762194 10 13 from decrease 1287:1294 arg1 amount 1303:1308 the amount 1299:1308 the amount of Ca 1299:1314 A significant decrease in the amount of Ca, P, and Ca/P ratio was found after the removal of carious lesions with Er:YAG laser (p < 0.05). 28762194 10 13 from decrease 1287:1294 arg1 ratio 1329:1333 Ca/P ratio 1324:1333 Ca/P ratio 1324:1333 A significant decrease in the amount of Ca, P, and Ca/P ratio was found after the removal of carious lesions with Er:YAG laser (p < 0.05). 28762194 10 13 from decrease 1287:1294 arg1 P 1317:1317 P 1317:1317 P 1317:1317 A significant decrease in the amount of Ca, P, and Ca/P ratio was found after the removal of carious lesions with Er:YAG laser (p < 0.05). 28762194 10 13 from decrease 1287:1294 arg1 Ca 1313:1314 Ca 1313:1314 Ca 1313:1314 A significant decrease in the amount of Ca, P, and Ca/P ratio was found after the removal of carious lesions with Er:YAG laser (p < 0.05). 28762194 1 14 theme dentin 372:377 arg1 microhardness 277:289 the subsurface microhardness 262:289 the subsurface microhardness 262:289 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Er:YAG laser for selective removal of carious lesion, followed by biomodification with chitosan gel where the subsurface microhardness, chemical composition, and morphological changes of the residual caries-affected dentin were examined. 28762194 1 14 theme dentin 372:377 arg1 composition 301:311 chemical composition 292:311 chemical composition 292:311 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Er:YAG laser for selective removal of carious lesion, followed by biomodification with chitosan gel where the subsurface microhardness, chemical composition, and morphological changes of the residual caries-affected dentin were examined. 28762194 1 14 theme dentin 372:377 arg1 changes 332:338 morphological changes 318:338 morphological changes 318:338 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Er:YAG laser for selective removal of carious lesion, followed by biomodification with chitosan gel where the subsurface microhardness, chemical composition, and morphological changes of the residual caries-affected dentin were examined. 28762194 13 15 theme dentin 1775:1780 arg1 microhardness 1733:1745 microhardness 1733:1745 microhardness of residual caries-affected dentin 1733:1780 The selective removal of carious dentin with Er:YAG laser increased microhardness of residual caries-affected dentin, changing its surface morphology and chemical composition. 28762194 9 16 theme microhardness 1171:1183 arg1 higher 1230:1235 higher 1230:1235 higher 1230:1235 After the Er:YAG laser excavation, the microhardness value of residual caries-affected dentin was higher (p < 0.05) than bur-treated dentin. 28762194 9 16 theme microhardness 1171:1183 arg1 value 1185:1189 the microhardness value 1167:1189 the microhardness value of residual caries-affected dentin 1167:1224 After the Er:YAG laser excavation, the microhardness value of residual caries-affected dentin was higher (p < 0.05) than bur-treated dentin. 28762194 5 17 theme adhesive 837:844 arg1 system 846:851 an adhesive system 834:851 an adhesive system 834:851 Forty specimens were restored with an adhesive system and composite resin. 28762194 6 18 theme caries-affected 937:951 arg1 dentin 929:934 sound dentin 923:934 sound dentin 923:934 Subsurface microhardness tests were performed in sound dentin, caries-affected dentin, residual caries-affected dentin, and after the restoration. 28762194 6 18 theme caries-affected 937:951 arg1 dentin 953:958 caries-affected dentin 937:958 caries-affected dentin 937:958 Subsurface microhardness tests were performed in sound dentin, caries-affected dentin, residual caries-affected dentin, and after the restoration. 28762194 0 19 theme YAG 44:46 arg1 laser 48:52 YAG laser 44:52 YAG laser 44:52 Selective removal of carious lesion with Er:YAG laser followed by dentin biomodification with chitosan. 28762194 1 20 theme study 120:124 arg1 aim 108:110 The aim 104:110 The aim of this study 104:124 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Er:YAG laser for selective removal of carious lesion, followed by biomodification with chitosan gel where the subsurface microhardness, chemical composition, and morphological changes of the residual caries-affected dentin were examined. 28762194 14 21 theme dentin 1961:1966 arg1 composition 1921:1931 the structural and chemical composition 1893:1931 the structural and chemical composition of residual caries-affected dentin 1893:1966 The biomodification with chitosan did not influence the structural and chemical composition of residual caries-affected dentin. 28762194 1 22 theme chemical 292:299 arg1 composition 301:311 chemical composition 292:311 chemical composition 292:311 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Er:YAG laser for selective removal of carious lesion, followed by biomodification with chitosan gel where the subsurface microhardness, chemical composition, and morphological changes of the residual caries-affected dentin were examined. 28762194 10 23 theme Ca/P 1324:1327 arg1 ratio 1329:1333 Ca/P ratio 1324:1333 Ca/P ratio 1324:1333 A significant decrease in the amount of Ca, P, and Ca/P ratio was found after the removal of carious lesions with Er:YAG laser (p < 0.05). 28762194 13 24 theme residual 1750:1757 arg1 dentin 1775:1780 residual caries-affected dentin 1750:1780 residual caries-affected dentin 1750:1780 The selective removal of carious dentin with Er:YAG laser increased microhardness of residual caries-affected dentin, changing its surface morphology and chemical composition. 28762194 0 25 theme dentin 66:71 arg1 biomodification 73:87 dentin biomodification 66:87 dentin biomodification with chitosan 66:101 Selective removal of carious lesion with Er:YAG laser followed by dentin biomodification with chitosan. 28762194 2 26 theme bovine 473:478 arg1 5 × 5 mm 491:498 5 × 5 mm 491:498 5 × 5 mm 491:498 Artificial dentinal lesions were created by pH-cycling method (14 days) in 104 bovine specimens (5 × 5 mm). 28762194 2 26 theme bovine 473:478 arg1 specimens 480:488 104 bovine specimens 469:488 104 bovine specimens (5 × 5 mm) 469:499 Artificial dentinal lesions were created by pH-cycling method (14 days) in 104 bovine specimens (5 × 5 mm). 28762194 1 27 theme morphological 318:330 arg1 changes 332:338 morphological changes 318:338 morphological changes 318:338 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Er:YAG laser for selective removal of carious lesion, followed by biomodification with chitosan gel where the subsurface microhardness, chemical composition, and morphological changes of the residual caries-affected dentin were examined. 28762194 4 28 theme % 662:662 arg1 acid 675:678 35% phosphoric acid 660:678 35% phosphoric acid 660:678 Specimens were treated with 35% phosphoric acid and were subdivided into two groups according to dentin biomodification: without chitosan (control) and 2.5% chitosan. 28762194 0 29 theme Selective 0:8 arg1 removal 10:16 Selective removal 0:16 Selective removal of carious lesion with Er 0:42 Selective removal of carious lesion with Er:YAG laser followed by dentin biomodification with chitosan. 28762194 0 30 dep followed 54:61 arg1 removal 10:16 Selective removal 0:16 Selective removal of carious lesion with Er 0:42 Selective removal of carious lesion with Er:YAG laser followed by dentin biomodification with chitosan. 28762194 12 31 from changes 1610:1616 arg1 p > 0.05 1654:1661 p > 0.05 1654:1661 p > 0.05 1654:1661 SEM analysis showed morphological changes on residual caries-affected dentin (p > 0.05). 28762194 12 31 from changes 1610:1616 arg1 dentin 1646:1651 residual caries-affected dentin 1621:1651 residual caries-affected dentin (p > 0.05) 1621:1662 SEM analysis showed morphological changes on residual caries-affected dentin (p > 0.05). 28762194 2 32 theme dentinal 405:412 arg1 lesions 414:420 Artificial dentinal lesions 394:420 Artificial dentinal lesions 394:420 Artificial dentinal lesions were created by pH-cycling method (14 days) in 104 bovine specimens (5 × 5 mm). 28762194 11 33 with biomodification 1416:1430 arg1 chitosan 1437:1444 chitosan 1437:1444 chitosan 1437:1444 The biomodification with chitosan did not influence the microhardness and atomic percentage of Ca, P, and Ca/P ratio of residual caries-affected dentin (p > 0.05). 28762194 13 34 theme carious 1690:1696 arg1 dentin 1698:1703 carious dentin 1690:1703 carious dentin 1690:1703 The selective removal of carious dentin with Er:YAG laser increased microhardness of residual caries-affected dentin, changing its surface morphology and chemical composition. 28762194 9 35 theme bur-treated 1253:1263 arg1 dentin 1265:1270 bur-treated dentin 1253:1270 bur-treated dentin 1253:1270 After the Er:YAG laser excavation, the microhardness value of residual caries-affected dentin was higher (p < 0.05) than bur-treated dentin. 28762194 6 36 theme caries-affected 970:984 arg1 dentin 986:991 residual caries-affected dentin 961:991 residual caries-affected dentin 961:991 Subsurface microhardness tests were performed in sound dentin, caries-affected dentin, residual caries-affected dentin, and after the restoration. 28762194 6 36 theme caries-affected 970:984 arg1 dentin 929:934 sound dentin 923:934 sound dentin 923:934 Subsurface microhardness tests were performed in sound dentin, caries-affected dentin, residual caries-affected dentin, and after the restoration. 28762194 10 37 theme carious 1366:1372 arg1 lesions 1374:1380 carious lesions 1366:1380 carious lesions with Er:YAG laser (p < 0.05) 1366:1409 A significant decrease in the amount of Ca, P, and Ca/P ratio was found after the removal of carious lesions with Er:YAG laser (p < 0.05). 28762194 11 38 theme dentin 1557:1562 arg1 P 1511:1511 P 1511:1511 P 1511:1511 The biomodification with chitosan did not influence the microhardness and atomic percentage of Ca, P, and Ca/P ratio of residual caries-affected dentin (p > 0.05). 28762194 11 38 theme dentin 1557:1562 arg1 Ca 1507:1508 Ca 1507:1508 Ca 1507:1508 The biomodification with chitosan did not influence the microhardness and atomic percentage of Ca, P, and Ca/P ratio of residual caries-affected dentin (p > 0.05). 28762194 11 38 theme dentin 1557:1562 arg1 ratio 1523:1527 Ca/P ratio 1518:1527 Ca/P ratio of residual caries-affected dentin (p > 0.05) 1518:1573 The biomodification with chitosan did not influence the microhardness and atomic percentage of Ca, P, and Ca/P ratio of residual caries-affected dentin (p > 0.05). 28762194 0 39 theme lesion 29:34 arg1 removal 10:16 Selective removal 0:16 Selective removal of carious lesion with Er 0:42 Selective removal of carious lesion with Er:YAG laser followed by dentin biomodification with chitosan. 28762194 11 40 theme residual 1532:1539 arg1 p > 0.05 1565:1572 p > 0.05 1565:1572 p > 0.05 1565:1572 The biomodification with chitosan did not influence the microhardness and atomic percentage of Ca, P, and Ca/P ratio of residual caries-affected dentin (p > 0.05). 28762194 11 40 theme residual 1532:1539 arg1 dentin 1557:1562 residual caries-affected dentin 1532:1562 residual caries-affected dentin (p > 0.05) 1532:1573 The biomodification with chitosan did not influence the microhardness and atomic percentage of Ca, P, and Ca/P ratio of residual caries-affected dentin (p > 0.05). 28762194 7 41 theme SEM-EDS 1062:1068 arg1 analysis 1077:1084 SEM-EDS atomic analysis 1062:1084 SEM-EDS atomic analysis 1062:1084 The other 64 specimens were subjected to SEM-EDS atomic analysis. 28762194 9 42 dep higher 1230:1235 arg1 p < 0.05 1238:1245 p < 0.05 1238:1245 p < 0.05 1238:1245 After the Er:YAG laser excavation, the microhardness value of residual caries-affected dentin was higher (p < 0.05) than bur-treated dentin. 28762194 14 43 theme chemical 1912:1919 arg1 composition 1921:1931 the structural and chemical composition 1893:1931 the structural and chemical composition of residual caries-affected dentin 1893:1966 The biomodification with chitosan did not influence the structural and chemical composition of residual caries-affected dentin. 28762194 10 44 theme significant 1275:1285 arg1 decrease 1287:1294 A significant decrease 1273:1294 A significant decrease in the amount of Ca, P, and Ca/P ratio 1273:1333 A significant decrease in the amount of Ca, P, and Ca/P ratio was found after the removal of carious lesions with Er:YAG laser (p < 0.05). 28762194 13 45 theme selective 1669:1677 arg1 removal 1679:1685 The selective removal 1665:1685 The selective removal of carious dentin with Er:YAG laser 1665:1721 The selective removal of carious dentin with Er:YAG laser increased microhardness of residual caries-affected dentin, changing its surface morphology and chemical composition. 28762194 11 46 theme P 1511:1511 arg1 percentage 1493:1502 the microhardness and atomic percentage 1464:1502 the microhardness and atomic percentage of Ca, P, and Ca/P ratio of residual caries-affected dentin (p > 0.05) 1464:1573 The biomodification with chitosan did not influence the microhardness and atomic percentage of Ca, P, and Ca/P ratio of residual caries-affected dentin (p > 0.05). 28762194 1 47 theme carious 194:200 arg1 lesion 202:207 carious lesion 194:207 carious lesion 194:207 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Er:YAG laser for selective removal of carious lesion, followed by biomodification with chitosan gel where the subsurface microhardness, chemical composition, and morphological changes of the residual caries-affected dentin were examined. 28762194 11 48 theme Ca 1507:1508 arg1 percentage 1493:1502 the microhardness and atomic percentage 1464:1502 the microhardness and atomic percentage of Ca, P, and Ca/P ratio of residual caries-affected dentin (p > 0.05) 1464:1573 The biomodification with chitosan did not influence the microhardness and atomic percentage of Ca, P, and Ca/P ratio of residual caries-affected dentin (p > 0.05). 28762194 4 49 theme % 787:787 arg1 chitosan 789:796 2.5% chitosan 784:796 2.5% chitosan 784:796 Specimens were treated with 35% phosphoric acid and were subdivided into two groups according to dentin biomodification: without chitosan (control) and 2.5% chitosan. 28762194 12 50 theme caries-affected 1630:1644 arg1 p > 0.05 1654:1661 p > 0.05 1654:1661 p > 0.05 1654:1661 SEM analysis showed morphological changes on residual caries-affected dentin (p > 0.05). 28762194 12 50 theme caries-affected 1630:1644 arg1 dentin 1646:1651 residual caries-affected dentin 1621:1651 residual caries-affected dentin (p > 0.05) 1621:1662 SEM analysis showed morphological changes on residual caries-affected dentin (p > 0.05). 28762194 11 51 theme ratio 1523:1527 arg1 percentage 1493:1502 the microhardness and atomic percentage 1464:1502 the microhardness and atomic percentage of Ca, P, and Ca/P ratio of residual caries-affected dentin (p > 0.05) 1464:1573 The biomodification with chitosan did not influence the microhardness and atomic percentage of Ca, P, and Ca/P ratio of residual caries-affected dentin (p > 0.05). 28762194 13 52 theme surface 1796:1802 arg1 morphology 1804:1813 its surface morphology 1792:1813 its surface morphology 1792:1813 The selective removal of carious dentin with Er:YAG laser increased microhardness of residual caries-affected dentin, changing its surface morphology and chemical composition. 28762194 9 53 theme caries-affected 1203:1217 arg1 dentin 1219:1224 residual caries-affected dentin 1194:1224 residual caries-affected dentin 1194:1224 After the Er:YAG laser excavation, the microhardness value of residual caries-affected dentin was higher (p < 0.05) than bur-treated dentin. 28762194 12 54 theme morphological 1596:1608 arg1 changes 1610:1616 morphological changes 1596:1616 morphological changes on residual caries-affected dentin (p > 0.05) 1596:1662 SEM analysis showed morphological changes on residual caries-affected dentin (p > 0.05). 28762194 10 55 theme Ca 1313:1314 arg1 amount 1303:1308 the amount 1299:1308 the amount of Ca 1299:1314 A significant decrease in the amount of Ca, P, and Ca/P ratio was found after the removal of carious lesions with Er:YAG laser (p < 0.05). 28762194 10 55 theme Ca 1313:1314 arg1 ratio 1329:1333 Ca/P ratio 1324:1333 Ca/P ratio 1324:1333 A significant decrease in the amount of Ca, P, and Ca/P ratio was found after the removal of carious lesions with Er:YAG laser (p < 0.05). 28762194 10 55 theme Ca 1313:1314 arg1 P 1317:1317 P 1317:1317 P 1317:1317 A significant decrease in the amount of Ca, P, and Ca/P ratio was found after the removal of carious lesions with Er:YAG laser (p < 0.05). 28762194 10 55 theme Ca 1313:1314 arg1 Ca 1313:1314 Ca 1313:1314 Ca 1313:1314 A significant decrease in the amount of Ca, P, and Ca/P ratio was found after the removal of carious lesions with Er:YAG laser (p < 0.05). 28762194 1 56 theme Er 156:157 arg1 effect 146:151 the effect 142:151 the effect of Er 142:157 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Er:YAG laser for selective removal of carious lesion, followed by biomodification with chitosan gel where the subsurface microhardness, chemical composition, and morphological changes of the residual caries-affected dentin were examined. 28762194 6 57 theme Subsurface 874:883 arg1 tests 899:903 Subsurface microhardness tests 874:903 Subsurface microhardness tests 874:903 Subsurface microhardness tests were performed in sound dentin, caries-affected dentin, residual caries-affected dentin, and after the restoration. 28762194 9 58 theme YAG 1145:1147 arg1 excavation 1155:1164 the Er:YAG laser excavation 1138:1164 the Er:YAG laser excavation 1138:1164 After the Er:YAG laser excavation, the microhardness value of residual caries-affected dentin was higher (p < 0.05) than bur-treated dentin. 28762194 3 59 theme carious 551:557 arg1 method 567:572 the carious removal method 547:572 the carious removal method: bur (low-speed handpiece) or Er:YAG laser (250 mJ/4 Hz) 547:629 Specimens were randomly divided according to the carious removal method: bur (low-speed handpiece) or Er:YAG laser (250 mJ/4 Hz). 28762194 1 60 theme YAG 159:161 arg1 laser 163:167 YAG laser 159:167 YAG laser 159:167 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Er:YAG laser for selective removal of carious lesion, followed by biomodification with chitosan gel where the subsurface microhardness, chemical composition, and morphological changes of the residual caries-affected dentin were examined. 28762194 1 61 theme caries-affected 356:370 arg1 dentin 372:377 the residual caries-affected dentin 343:377 the residual caries-affected dentin 343:377 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Er:YAG laser for selective removal of carious lesion, followed by biomodification with chitosan gel where the subsurface microhardness, chemical composition, and morphological changes of the residual caries-affected dentin were examined. 28762194 13 62 theme caries-affected 1759:1773 arg1 dentin 1775:1780 residual caries-affected dentin 1750:1780 residual caries-affected dentin 1750:1780 The selective removal of carious dentin with Er:YAG laser increased microhardness of residual caries-affected dentin, changing its surface morphology and chemical composition. 28762194 9 63 theme Er 1142:1143 arg1 excavation 1155:1164 the Er:YAG laser excavation 1138:1164 the Er:YAG laser excavation 1138:1164 After the Er:YAG laser excavation, the microhardness value of residual caries-affected dentin was higher (p < 0.05) than bur-treated dentin. 28762194 14 64 with biomodification 1845:1859 arg1 chitosan 1866:1873 chitosan 1866:1873 chitosan 1866:1873 The biomodification with chitosan did not influence the structural and chemical composition of residual caries-affected dentin. 28762194 3 65 dep method 567:572 arg1 handpiece 590:598 low-speed handpiece 580:598 low-speed handpiece 580:598 Specimens were randomly divided according to the carious removal method: bur (low-speed handpiece) or Er:YAG laser (250 mJ/4 Hz). 28762194 3 65 dep method 567:572 arg1 bur 575:577 bur 575:577 bur (low-speed handpiece) 575:599 Specimens were randomly divided according to the carious removal method: bur (low-speed handpiece) or Er:YAG laser (250 mJ/4 Hz). 28762194 3 65 dep method 567:572 arg1 250 mJ/4 Hz 618:628 250 mJ/4 Hz 618:628 250 mJ/4 Hz 618:628 Specimens were randomly divided according to the carious removal method: bur (low-speed handpiece) or Er:YAG laser (250 mJ/4 Hz). 28762194 3 65 dep method 567:572 arg1 Er 604:605 Er 604:605 Er 604:605 Specimens were randomly divided according to the carious removal method: bur (low-speed handpiece) or Er:YAG laser (250 mJ/4 Hz). 28762194 3 65 dep method 567:572 arg1 laser 611:615 YAG laser 607:615 the carious removal method: bur (low-speed handpiece) or Er:YAG laser (250 mJ/4 Hz) 547:629 Specimens were randomly divided according to the carious removal method: bur (low-speed handpiece) or Er:YAG laser (250 mJ/4 Hz). 28762194 10 66 with lesions 1374:1380 arg1 p < 0.05 1401:1408 p < 0.05 1401:1408 p < 0.05 1401:1408 A significant decrease in the amount of Ca, P, and Ca/P ratio was found after the removal of carious lesions with Er:YAG laser (p < 0.05). 28762194 10 66 with lesions 1374:1380 arg1 laser 1394:1398 Er:YAG laser 1387:1398 Er:YAG laser (p < 0.05) 1387:1409 A significant decrease in the amount of Ca, P, and Ca/P ratio was found after the removal of carious lesions with Er:YAG laser (p < 0.05). 28762194 9 67 theme residual 1194:1201 arg1 dentin 1219:1224 residual caries-affected dentin 1194:1224 residual caries-affected dentin 1194:1224 After the Er:YAG laser excavation, the microhardness value of residual caries-affected dentin was higher (p < 0.05) than bur-treated dentin. 28762194 8 68 dep analyzed 1111:1118 arg1 p < 0.05 1121:1128 p < 0.05 1121:1128 p < 0.05 1121:1128 Data were statistically analyzed (p < 0.05). 28762194 6 69 theme sound 923:927 arg1 dentin 986:991 residual caries-affected dentin 961:991 residual caries-affected dentin 961:991 Subsurface microhardness tests were performed in sound dentin, caries-affected dentin, residual caries-affected dentin, and after the restoration. 28762194 6 69 theme sound 923:927 arg1 dentin 929:934 sound dentin 923:934 sound dentin 923:934 Subsurface microhardness tests were performed in sound dentin, caries-affected dentin, residual caries-affected dentin, and after the restoration. 28762194 6 69 theme sound 923:927 arg1 dentin 953:958 caries-affected dentin 937:958 caries-affected dentin 937:958 Subsurface microhardness tests were performed in sound dentin, caries-affected dentin, residual caries-affected dentin, and after the restoration. 28762194 9 70 theme dentin 1219:1224 arg1 higher 1230:1235 higher 1230:1235 higher 1230:1235 After the Er:YAG laser excavation, the microhardness value of residual caries-affected dentin was higher (p < 0.05) than bur-treated dentin. 28762194 9 70 theme dentin 1219:1224 arg1 value 1185:1189 the microhardness value 1167:1189 the microhardness value of residual caries-affected dentin 1167:1224 After the Er:YAG laser excavation, the microhardness value of residual caries-affected dentin was higher (p < 0.05) than bur-treated dentin. 28762194 14 71 theme structural 1897:1906 arg1 composition 1921:1931 the structural and chemical composition 1893:1931 the structural and chemical composition of residual caries-affected dentin 1893:1966 The biomodification with chitosan did not influence the structural and chemical composition of residual caries-affected dentin. 28762194 13 72 theme Er 1710:1711 arg1 laser 1717:1721 Er:YAG laser 1710:1721 Er:YAG laser 1710:1721 The selective removal of carious dentin with Er:YAG laser increased microhardness of residual caries-affected dentin, changing its surface morphology and chemical composition. 28762194 13 73 theme YAG 1713:1715 arg1 laser 1717:1721 Er:YAG laser 1710:1721 Er:YAG laser 1710:1721 The selective removal of carious dentin with Er:YAG laser increased microhardness of residual caries-affected dentin, changing its surface morphology and chemical composition. 28762194 4 74 theme 35 660:661 arg1 % 662:662 % 662:662 % 662:662 Specimens were treated with 35% phosphoric acid and were subdivided into two groups according to dentin biomodification: without chitosan (control) and 2.5% chitosan. 28762194 0 75 theme carious 21:27 arg1 lesion 29:34 carious lesion 21:34 carious lesion 21:34 Selective removal of carious lesion with Er:YAG laser followed by dentin biomodification with chitosan. 28762194 5 76 theme composite 857:865 arg1 resin 867:871 composite resin 857:871 composite resin 857:871 Forty specimens were restored with an adhesive system and composite resin. 28762194 2 77 theme Artificial 394:403 arg1 lesions 414:420 Artificial dentinal lesions 394:420 Artificial dentinal lesions 394:420 Artificial dentinal lesions were created by pH-cycling method (14 days) in 104 bovine specimens (5 × 5 mm). 28762194 10 78 theme lesions 1374:1380 arg1 removal 1355:1361 the removal 1351:1361 the removal of carious lesions with Er:YAG laser (p < 0.05) 1351:1409 A significant decrease in the amount of Ca, P, and Ca/P ratio was found after the removal of carious lesions with Er:YAG laser (p < 0.05). 28762194 11 79 theme caries-affected 1541:1555 arg1 p > 0.05 1565:1572 p > 0.05 1565:1572 p > 0.05 1565:1572 The biomodification with chitosan did not influence the microhardness and atomic percentage of Ca, P, and Ca/P ratio of residual caries-affected dentin (p > 0.05). 28762194 11 79 theme caries-affected 1541:1555 arg1 dentin 1557:1562 residual caries-affected dentin 1532:1562 residual caries-affected dentin (p > 0.05) 1532:1573 The biomodification with chitosan did not influence the microhardness and atomic percentage of Ca, P, and Ca/P ratio of residual caries-affected dentin (p > 0.05). 28762194 4 80 theme phosphoric 664:673 arg1 acid 675:678 35% phosphoric acid 660:678 35% phosphoric acid 660:678 Specimens were treated with 35% phosphoric acid and were subdivided into two groups according to dentin biomodification: without chitosan (control) and 2.5% chitosan. 28762194 13 81 theme dentin 1698:1703 arg1 removal 1679:1685 The selective removal 1665:1685 The selective removal of carious dentin with Er:YAG laser 1665:1721 The selective removal of carious dentin with Er:YAG laser increased microhardness of residual caries-affected dentin, changing its surface morphology and chemical composition. 28762194 7 82 theme atomic 1070:1075 arg1 analysis 1077:1084 SEM-EDS atomic analysis 1062:1084 SEM-EDS atomic analysis 1062:1084 The other 64 specimens were subjected to SEM-EDS atomic analysis. 28762194 1 83 theme chitosan 243:250 arg1 gel 252:254 chitosan gel 243:254 chitosan gel where the subsurface microhardness, chemical composition, and morphological changes of the residual caries-affected dentin were examined 243:391 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Er:YAG laser for selective removal of carious lesion, followed by biomodification with chitosan gel where the subsurface microhardness, chemical composition, and morphological changes of the residual caries-affected dentin were examined. 28762194 6 84 theme residual 961:968 arg1 dentin 986:991 residual caries-affected dentin 961:991 residual caries-affected dentin 961:991 Subsurface microhardness tests were performed in sound dentin, caries-affected dentin, residual caries-affected dentin, and after the restoration. 28762194 6 84 theme residual 961:968 arg1 dentin 929:934 sound dentin 923:934 sound dentin 923:934 Subsurface microhardness tests were performed in sound dentin, caries-affected dentin, residual caries-affected dentin, and after the restoration. 28762194 14 85 theme residual 1936:1943 arg1 dentin 1961:1966 residual caries-affected dentin 1936:1966 residual caries-affected dentin 1936:1966 The biomodification with chitosan did not influence the structural and chemical composition of residual caries-affected dentin. 28762194 3 86 theme low-speed 580:588 arg1 bur 575:577 bur 575:577 bur (low-speed handpiece) 575:599 Specimens were randomly divided according to the carious removal method: bur (low-speed handpiece) or Er:YAG laser (250 mJ/4 Hz). 28762194 3 86 theme low-speed 580:588 arg1 handpiece 590:598 low-speed handpiece 580:598 low-speed handpiece 580:598 Specimens were randomly divided according to the carious removal method: bur (low-speed handpiece) or Er:YAG laser (250 mJ/4 Hz). 28762194 4 87 theme dentin 729:734 arg1 biomodification 736:750 dentin biomodification 729:750 dentin biomodification 729:750 Specimens were treated with 35% phosphoric acid and were subdivided into two groups according to dentin biomodification: without chitosan (control) and 2.5% chitosan. 28762194 10 88 theme YAG 1390:1392 arg1 p < 0.05 1401:1408 p < 0.05 1401:1408 p < 0.05 1401:1408 A significant decrease in the amount of Ca, P, and Ca/P ratio was found after the removal of carious lesions with Er:YAG laser (p < 0.05). 28762194 10 88 theme YAG 1390:1392 arg1 laser 1394:1398 Er:YAG laser 1387:1398 Er:YAG laser (p < 0.05) 1387:1409 A significant decrease in the amount of Ca, P, and Ca/P ratio was found after the removal of carious lesions with Er:YAG laser (p < 0.05). 28762194 3 89 theme YAG 607:609 arg1 250 mJ/4 Hz 618:628 250 mJ/4 Hz 618:628 250 mJ/4 Hz 618:628 Specimens were randomly divided according to the carious removal method: bur (low-speed handpiece) or Er:YAG laser (250 mJ/4 Hz). 28762194 3 89 theme YAG 607:609 arg1 laser 611:615 YAG laser 607:615 the carious removal method: bur (low-speed handpiece) or Er:YAG laser (250 mJ/4 Hz) 547:629 Specimens were randomly divided according to the carious removal method: bur (low-speed handpiece) or Er:YAG laser (250 mJ/4 Hz). 28762194 0 90 with removal 10:16 arg1 Er 41:42 Er 41:42 Er 41:42 Selective removal of carious lesion with Er:YAG laser followed by dentin biomodification with chitosan. 28762194 1 91 theme residual 347:354 arg1 dentin 372:377 the residual caries-affected dentin 343:377 the residual caries-affected dentin 343:377 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Er:YAG laser for selective removal of carious lesion, followed by biomodification with chitosan gel where the subsurface microhardness, chemical composition, and morphological changes of the residual caries-affected dentin were examined. 28762194 1 92 theme subsurface 266:275 arg1 microhardness 277:289 the subsurface microhardness 262:289 the subsurface microhardness 262:289 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Er:YAG laser for selective removal of carious lesion, followed by biomodification with chitosan gel where the subsurface microhardness, chemical composition, and morphological changes of the residual caries-affected dentin were examined. 28762194 10 93 theme Er 1387:1388 arg1 p < 0.05 1401:1408 p < 0.05 1401:1408 p < 0.05 1401:1408 A significant decrease in the amount of Ca, P, and Ca/P ratio was found after the removal of carious lesions with Er:YAG laser (p < 0.05). 28762194 10 93 theme Er 1387:1388 arg1 laser 1394:1398 Er:YAG laser 1387:1398 Er:YAG laser (p < 0.05) 1387:1409 A significant decrease in the amount of Ca, P, and Ca/P ratio was found after the removal of carious lesions with Er:YAG laser (p < 0.05). 28762194 13 94 with removal 1679:1685 arg1 laser 1717:1721 Er:YAG laser 1710:1721 Er:YAG laser 1710:1721 The selective removal of carious dentin with Er:YAG laser increased microhardness of residual caries-affected dentin, changing its surface morphology and chemical composition. 28762194 11 95 theme atomic 1486:1491 arg1 percentage 1493:1502 the microhardness and atomic percentage 1464:1502 the microhardness and atomic percentage of Ca, P, and Ca/P ratio of residual caries-affected dentin (p > 0.05) 1464:1573 The biomodification with chitosan did not influence the microhardness and atomic percentage of Ca, P, and Ca/P ratio of residual caries-affected dentin (p > 0.05). 28762194 1 96 theme selective 173:181 arg1 removal 183:189 selective removal 173:189 selective removal of carious lesion 173:207 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Er:YAG laser for selective removal of carious lesion, followed by biomodification with chitosan gel where the subsurface microhardness, chemical composition, and morphological changes of the residual caries-affected dentin were examined. 28762194 11 97 theme microhardness 1468:1480 arg1 percentage 1493:1502 the microhardness and atomic percentage 1464:1502 the microhardness and atomic percentage of Ca, P, and Ca/P ratio of residual caries-affected dentin (p > 0.05) 1464:1573 The biomodification with chitosan did not influence the microhardness and atomic percentage of Ca, P, and Ca/P ratio of residual caries-affected dentin (p > 0.05). 24345822 7 0 theme membrane 1320:1327 arg1 larger 1352:1357 larger 1352:1357 larger 1352:1357 The TFC membrane exhibited higher rejection of neutral TrOCs with low molecular weight than the CTA membrane, although the estimated pore size of the TFC membrane (0.42 nm) was slightly larger than that of the CTA membrane (0.37 nm). 24345822 7 0 theme membrane 1320:1327 arg1 size 1304:1307 the estimated pore size 1285:1307 the estimated pore size of the TFC membrane (0.42 nm) 1285:1337 The TFC membrane exhibited higher rejection of neutral TrOCs with low molecular weight than the CTA membrane, although the estimated pore size of the TFC membrane (0.42 nm) was slightly larger than that of the CTA membrane (0.37 nm). 24345822 4 1 theme permeate 770:777 arg1 flux 785:788 permeate water flux 770:788 permeate water flux 770:788 Results show that measured rejection of TrOCs as a function of permeate water flux can be well described by the pore hindrance transport model. 24345822 2 2 theme thin-film 329:337 arg1 membrane 368:375 a thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide FO membrane 327:375 a thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide FO membrane 327:375 An asymmetric cellulose triacetate (CTA) and a thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide FO membrane were used for this investigation. 24345822 8 3 theme effective 1526:1534 arg1 structure 1549:1557 a more effective active layer structure 1519:1557 a more effective active layer structure, as indicated by a larger l/ε parameter, 1519:1598 This higher rejection of neutral TrOCs by the TFC membrane is likely attributed to its active layer properties, namely a more effective active layer structure, as indicated by a larger l/ε parameter, and pore hydration induced by the negative surface charge. 24345822 8 4 theme active 1487:1492 arg1 properties 1500:1509 its active layer properties 1483:1509 its active layer properties 1483:1509 This higher rejection of neutral TrOCs by the TFC membrane is likely attributed to its active layer properties, namely a more effective active layer structure, as indicated by a larger l/ε parameter, and pore hydration induced by the negative surface charge. 24345822 7 5 theme CTA 1376:1378 arg1 0.37 nm 1390:1396 0.37 nm 1390:1396 0.37 nm 1390:1396 The TFC membrane exhibited higher rejection of neutral TrOCs with low molecular weight than the CTA membrane, although the estimated pore size of the TFC membrane (0.42 nm) was slightly larger than that of the CTA membrane (0.37 nm). 24345822 7 5 theme CTA 1376:1378 arg1 membrane 1380:1387 the CTA membrane 1372:1387 the CTA membrane (0.37 nm) 1372:1397 The TFC membrane exhibited higher rejection of neutral TrOCs with low molecular weight than the CTA membrane, although the estimated pore size of the TFC membrane (0.42 nm) was slightly larger than that of the CTA membrane (0.37 nm). 24345822 3 6 theme barrier 461:467 arg1 thickness 469:477 selective barrier thickness 451:477 selective barrier thickness over porosity parameter (l/ε) 451:507 The effective average pore radius (rp), selective barrier thickness over porosity parameter (l/ε), surface charge, support layer structural parameter (S), pure water permeability coefficient (A) and salt (NaCl) permeability coefficient (B) of the two membranes were systematically characterised. 24345822 3 7 theme salt 610:613 arg1 B 648:648 B 648:648 B 648:648 The effective average pore radius (rp), selective barrier thickness over porosity parameter (l/ε), surface charge, support layer structural parameter (S), pure water permeability coefficient (A) and salt (NaCl) permeability coefficient (B) of the two membranes were systematically characterised. 24345822 3 7 theme salt 610:613 arg1 coefficient 635:645 salt (NaCl) permeability coefficient 610:645 salt (NaCl) permeability coefficient (B) of the two membranes 610:670 The effective average pore radius (rp), selective barrier thickness over porosity parameter (l/ε), surface charge, support layer structural parameter (S), pure water permeability coefficient (A) and salt (NaCl) permeability coefficient (B) of the two membranes were systematically characterised. 24345822 4 8 theme flux 785:788 arg1 function 758:765 a function 756:765 a function of permeate water flux 756:788 Results show that measured rejection of TrOCs as a function of permeate water flux can be well described by the pore hindrance transport model. 24345822 8 9 theme surface 1643:1649 arg1 charge 1651:1656 the negative surface charge 1630:1656 the negative surface charge 1630:1656 This higher rejection of neutral TrOCs by the TFC membrane is likely attributed to its active layer properties, namely a more effective active layer structure, as indicated by a larger l/ε parameter, and pore hydration induced by the negative surface charge. 24345822 8 10 theme layer 1543:1547 arg1 structure 1549:1557 a more effective active layer structure 1519:1557 a more effective active layer structure, as indicated by a larger l/ε parameter, 1519:1598 This higher rejection of neutral TrOCs by the TFC membrane is likely attributed to its active layer properties, namely a more effective active layer structure, as indicated by a larger l/ε parameter, and pore hydration induced by the negative surface charge. 24345822 1 11 theme forward 260:266 arg1 FO 277:278 FO 277:278 FO 277:278 This study elucidates the relationship between membrane properties and the rejection of trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) in forward osmosis (FO). 24345822 1 11 theme forward 260:266 arg1 osmosis 268:274 forward osmosis 260:274 forward osmosis (FO) 260:279 This study elucidates the relationship between membrane properties and the rejection of trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) in forward osmosis (FO). 24345822 4 12 theme transport 834:842 arg1 model 844:848 the pore hindrance transport model 815:848 the pore hindrance transport model 815:848 Results show that measured rejection of TrOCs as a function of permeate water flux can be well described by the pore hindrance transport model. 24345822 5 13 theme membrane 1008:1015 arg1 process 1017:1023 an osmotically-driven membrane process 986:1023 an osmotically-driven membrane process 986:1023 This observation represents the first successful application of this model, which was developed for pressure-driven nanofiltration, to an osmotically-driven membrane process. 24345822 4 14 theme water 779:783 arg1 flux 785:788 permeate water flux 770:788 permeate water flux 770:788 Results show that measured rejection of TrOCs as a function of permeate water flux can be well described by the pore hindrance transport model. 24345822 3 15 theme selective 451:459 arg1 thickness 469:477 selective barrier thickness 451:477 selective barrier thickness over porosity parameter (l/ε) 451:507 The effective average pore radius (rp), selective barrier thickness over porosity parameter (l/ε), surface charge, support layer structural parameter (S), pure water permeability coefficient (A) and salt (NaCl) permeability coefficient (B) of the two membranes were systematically characterised. 24345822 8 16 theme TFC 1446:1448 arg1 membrane 1450:1457 the TFC membrane 1442:1457 the TFC membrane 1442:1457 This higher rejection of neutral TrOCs by the TFC membrane is likely attributed to its active layer properties, namely a more effective active layer structure, as indicated by a larger l/ε parameter, and pore hydration induced by the negative surface charge. 24345822 8 17 theme layer 1494:1498 arg1 properties 1500:1509 its active layer properties 1483:1509 its active layer properties 1483:1509 This higher rejection of neutral TrOCs by the TFC membrane is likely attributed to its active layer properties, namely a more effective active layer structure, as indicated by a larger l/ε parameter, and pore hydration induced by the negative surface charge. 24345822 8 18 theme pore 1604:1607 arg1 hydration 1609:1617 pore hydration 1604:1617 pore hydration induced by the negative surface charge 1604:1656 This higher rejection of neutral TrOCs by the TFC membrane is likely attributed to its active layer properties, namely a more effective active layer structure, as indicated by a larger l/ε parameter, and pore hydration induced by the negative surface charge. 24345822 7 19 theme estimated 1289:1297 arg1 larger 1352:1357 larger 1352:1357 larger 1352:1357 The TFC membrane exhibited higher rejection of neutral TrOCs with low molecular weight than the CTA membrane, although the estimated pore size of the TFC membrane (0.42 nm) was slightly larger than that of the CTA membrane (0.37 nm). 24345822 7 19 theme estimated 1289:1297 arg1 size 1304:1307 the estimated pore size 1285:1307 the estimated pore size of the TFC membrane (0.42 nm) 1285:1337 The TFC membrane exhibited higher rejection of neutral TrOCs with low molecular weight than the CTA membrane, although the estimated pore size of the TFC membrane (0.42 nm) was slightly larger than that of the CTA membrane (0.37 nm). 24345822 3 20 theme porosity 484:491 arg1 l/ε 504:506 l/ε 504:506 l/ε 504:506 The effective average pore radius (rp), selective barrier thickness over porosity parameter (l/ε), surface charge, support layer structural parameter (S), pure water permeability coefficient (A) and salt (NaCl) permeability coefficient (B) of the two membranes were systematically characterised. 24345822 3 20 theme porosity 484:491 arg1 parameter 493:501 porosity parameter 484:501 porosity parameter (l/ε) 484:507 The effective average pore radius (rp), selective barrier thickness over porosity parameter (l/ε), surface charge, support layer structural parameter (S), pure water permeability coefficient (A) and salt (NaCl) permeability coefficient (B) of the two membranes were systematically characterised. 24345822 2 21 theme FO 365:366 arg1 membrane 368:375 a thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide FO membrane 327:375 a thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide FO membrane 327:375 An asymmetric cellulose triacetate (CTA) and a thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide FO membrane were used for this investigation. 24345822 8 22 theme higher 1405:1410 arg1 rejection 1412:1420 This higher rejection 1400:1420 This higher rejection of neutral TrOCs by the TFC membrane 1400:1457 This higher rejection of neutral TrOCs by the TFC membrane is likely attributed to its active layer properties, namely a more effective active layer structure, as indicated by a larger l/ε parameter, and pore hydration induced by the negative surface charge. 24345822 4 23 theme TrOCs 747:751 arg1 rejection 734:742 measured rejection 725:742 measured rejection of TrOCs as a function of permeate water flux 725:788 Results show that measured rejection of TrOCs as a function of permeate water flux can be well described by the pore hindrance transport model. 24345822 5 24 theme first 883:887 arg1 application 900:910 the first successful application 879:910 the first successful application of this model, which was developed for pressure-driven nanofiltration, to an osmotically-driven membrane process 879:1023 This observation represents the first successful application of this model, which was developed for pressure-driven nanofiltration, to an osmotically-driven membrane process. 24345822 2 25 theme polyamide 355:363 arg1 membrane 368:375 a thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide FO membrane 327:375 a thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide FO membrane 327:375 An asymmetric cellulose triacetate (CTA) and a thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide FO membrane were used for this investigation. 24345822 3 26 theme permeability 622:633 arg1 B 648:648 B 648:648 B 648:648 The effective average pore radius (rp), selective barrier thickness over porosity parameter (l/ε), surface charge, support layer structural parameter (S), pure water permeability coefficient (A) and salt (NaCl) permeability coefficient (B) of the two membranes were systematically characterised. 24345822 3 26 theme permeability 622:633 arg1 coefficient 635:645 salt (NaCl) permeability coefficient 610:645 salt (NaCl) permeability coefficient (B) of the two membranes 610:670 The effective average pore radius (rp), selective barrier thickness over porosity parameter (l/ε), surface charge, support layer structural parameter (S), pure water permeability coefficient (A) and salt (NaCl) permeability coefficient (B) of the two membranes were systematically characterised. 24345822 3 27 theme surface 510:516 arg1 charge 518:523 surface charge 510:523 surface charge 510:523 The effective average pore radius (rp), selective barrier thickness over porosity parameter (l/ε), surface charge, support layer structural parameter (S), pure water permeability coefficient (A) and salt (NaCl) permeability coefficient (B) of the two membranes were systematically characterised. 24345822 8 28 theme neutral 1425:1431 arg1 TrOCs 1433:1437 neutral TrOCs 1425:1437 neutral TrOCs 1425:1437 This higher rejection of neutral TrOCs by the TFC membrane is likely attributed to its active layer properties, namely a more effective active layer structure, as indicated by a larger l/ε parameter, and pore hydration induced by the negative surface charge. 24345822 6 29 theme steric 1148:1153 arg1 hindrance 1155:1163 steric hindrance 1148:1163 steric hindrance 1148:1163 The rejection of charged TrOCs by the CTA and TFC membranes was high and was governed by both electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance. 24345822 5 30 theme model 920:924 arg1 application 900:910 the first successful application 879:910 the first successful application of this model, which was developed for pressure-driven nanofiltration, to an osmotically-driven membrane process 879:1023 This observation represents the first successful application of this model, which was developed for pressure-driven nanofiltration, to an osmotically-driven membrane process. 24345822 2 31 theme cellulose 296:304 arg1 CTA 318:320 CTA 318:320 CTA 318:320 An asymmetric cellulose triacetate (CTA) and a thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide FO membrane were used for this investigation. 24345822 2 31 theme cellulose 296:304 arg1 triacetate 306:315 An asymmetric cellulose triacetate 282:315 An asymmetric cellulose triacetate (CTA) 282:321 An asymmetric cellulose triacetate (CTA) and a thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide FO membrane were used for this investigation. 24345822 8 32 theme larger 1578:1583 arg1 parameter 1589:1597 a larger l/ε parameter 1576:1597 a larger l/ε parameter 1576:1597 This higher rejection of neutral TrOCs by the TFC membrane is likely attributed to its active layer properties, namely a more effective active layer structure, as indicated by a larger l/ε parameter, and pore hydration induced by the negative surface charge. 24345822 2 33 theme TFC 350:352 arg1 membrane 368:375 a thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide FO membrane 327:375 a thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide FO membrane 327:375 An asymmetric cellulose triacetate (CTA) and a thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide FO membrane were used for this investigation. 24345822 0 34 theme trace 22:26 arg1 contaminants 36:47 trace organic contaminants 22:47 trace organic contaminants 22:47 Relating rejection of trace organic contaminants to membrane properties in forward osmosis: measurements, modelling and implications. 24345822 5 35 theme osmotically-driven 989:1006 arg1 process 1017:1023 an osmotically-driven membrane process 986:1023 an osmotically-driven membrane process 986:1023 This observation represents the first successful application of this model, which was developed for pressure-driven nanofiltration, to an osmotically-driven membrane process. 24345822 2 36 theme asymmetric 285:294 arg1 CTA 318:320 CTA 318:320 CTA 318:320 An asymmetric cellulose triacetate (CTA) and a thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide FO membrane were used for this investigation. 24345822 2 36 theme asymmetric 285:294 arg1 triacetate 306:315 An asymmetric cellulose triacetate 282:315 An asymmetric cellulose triacetate (CTA) 282:321 An asymmetric cellulose triacetate (CTA) and a thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide FO membrane were used for this investigation. 24345822 4 37 theme measured 725:732 arg1 rejection 734:742 measured rejection 725:742 measured rejection of TrOCs as a function of permeate water flux 725:788 Results show that measured rejection of TrOCs as a function of permeate water flux can be well described by the pore hindrance transport model. 24345822 3 38 theme pore 433:436 arg1 rp 446:447 rp 446:447 rp 446:447 The effective average pore radius (rp), selective barrier thickness over porosity parameter (l/ε), surface charge, support layer structural parameter (S), pure water permeability coefficient (A) and salt (NaCl) permeability coefficient (B) of the two membranes were systematically characterised. 24345822 3 38 theme pore 433:436 arg1 radius 438:443 The effective average pore radius 411:443 The effective average pore radius (rp) 411:448 The effective average pore radius (rp), selective barrier thickness over porosity parameter (l/ε), surface charge, support layer structural parameter (S), pure water permeability coefficient (A) and salt (NaCl) permeability coefficient (B) of the two membranes were systematically characterised. 24345822 6 39 theme CTA 1064:1066 arg1 membranes 1076:1084 the CTA and TFC membranes 1060:1084 membranes 1076:1084 The rejection of charged TrOCs by the CTA and TFC membranes was high and was governed by both electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance. 24345822 8 40 theme TrOCs 1433:1437 arg1 rejection 1412:1420 This higher rejection 1400:1420 This higher rejection of neutral TrOCs by the TFC membrane 1400:1457 This higher rejection of neutral TrOCs by the TFC membrane is likely attributed to its active layer properties, namely a more effective active layer structure, as indicated by a larger l/ε parameter, and pore hydration induced by the negative surface charge. 24345822 7 41 theme TFC 1316:1318 arg1 membrane 1320:1327 the TFC membrane 1312:1327 the TFC membrane (0.42 nm) 1312:1337 The TFC membrane exhibited higher rejection of neutral TrOCs with low molecular weight than the CTA membrane, although the estimated pore size of the TFC membrane (0.42 nm) was slightly larger than that of the CTA membrane (0.37 nm). 24345822 7 41 theme TFC 1316:1318 arg1 0.42 nm 1330:1336 0.42 nm 1330:1336 0.42 nm 1330:1336 The TFC membrane exhibited higher rejection of neutral TrOCs with low molecular weight than the CTA membrane, although the estimated pore size of the TFC membrane (0.42 nm) was slightly larger than that of the CTA membrane (0.37 nm). 24345822 3 42 theme water 571:575 arg1 A 603:603 A 603:603 A 603:603 The effective average pore radius (rp), selective barrier thickness over porosity parameter (l/ε), surface charge, support layer structural parameter (S), pure water permeability coefficient (A) and salt (NaCl) permeability coefficient (B) of the two membranes were systematically characterised. 24345822 3 42 theme water 571:575 arg1 coefficient 590:600 pure water permeability coefficient 566:600 pure water permeability coefficient (A) 566:604 The effective average pore radius (rp), selective barrier thickness over porosity parameter (l/ε), surface charge, support layer structural parameter (S), pure water permeability coefficient (A) and salt (NaCl) permeability coefficient (B) of the two membranes were systematically characterised. 24345822 8 43 theme l/ε 1585:1587 arg1 parameter 1589:1597 a larger l/ε parameter 1576:1597 a larger l/ε parameter 1576:1597 This higher rejection of neutral TrOCs by the TFC membrane is likely attributed to its active layer properties, namely a more effective active layer structure, as indicated by a larger l/ε parameter, and pore hydration induced by the negative surface charge. 24345822 7 44 theme TrOCs 1221:1225 arg1 rejection 1200:1208 higher rejection 1193:1208 higher rejection of neutral TrOCs 1193:1225 The TFC membrane exhibited higher rejection of neutral TrOCs with low molecular weight than the CTA membrane, although the estimated pore size of the TFC membrane (0.42 nm) was slightly larger than that of the CTA membrane (0.37 nm). 24345822 0 45 theme contaminants 36:47 arg1 rejection 9:17 rejection 9:17 rejection of trace organic contaminants 9:47 Relating rejection of trace organic contaminants to membrane properties in forward osmosis: measurements, modelling and implications. 24345822 7 46 theme higher 1193:1198 arg1 rejection 1200:1208 higher rejection 1193:1208 higher rejection of neutral TrOCs 1193:1225 The TFC membrane exhibited higher rejection of neutral TrOCs with low molecular weight than the CTA membrane, although the estimated pore size of the TFC membrane (0.42 nm) was slightly larger than that of the CTA membrane (0.37 nm). 24345822 4 47 theme hindrance 824:832 arg1 model 844:848 the pore hindrance transport model 815:848 the pore hindrance transport model 815:848 Results show that measured rejection of TrOCs as a function of permeate water flux can be well described by the pore hindrance transport model. 24345822 3 48 theme permeability 577:588 arg1 A 603:603 A 603:603 A 603:603 The effective average pore radius (rp), selective barrier thickness over porosity parameter (l/ε), surface charge, support layer structural parameter (S), pure water permeability coefficient (A) and salt (NaCl) permeability coefficient (B) of the two membranes were systematically characterised. 24345822 3 48 theme permeability 577:588 arg1 coefficient 590:600 pure water permeability coefficient 566:600 pure water permeability coefficient (A) 566:604 The effective average pore radius (rp), selective barrier thickness over porosity parameter (l/ε), surface charge, support layer structural parameter (S), pure water permeability coefficient (A) and salt (NaCl) permeability coefficient (B) of the two membranes were systematically characterised. 24345822 3 49 theme layer 534:538 arg1 S 562:562 support layer structural parameter (S) 526:563 support layer structural parameter (S) 526:563 The effective average pore radius (rp), selective barrier thickness over porosity parameter (l/ε), surface charge, support layer structural parameter (S), pure water permeability coefficient (A) and salt (NaCl) permeability coefficient (B) of the two membranes were systematically characterised. 24345822 7 50 theme low 1232:1234 arg1 weight 1246:1251 low molecular weight 1232:1251 low molecular weight than the CTA membrane 1232:1273 The TFC membrane exhibited higher rejection of neutral TrOCs with low molecular weight than the CTA membrane, although the estimated pore size of the TFC membrane (0.42 nm) was slightly larger than that of the CTA membrane (0.37 nm). 24345822 3 51 theme effective 415:423 arg1 rp 446:447 rp 446:447 rp 446:447 The effective average pore radius (rp), selective barrier thickness over porosity parameter (l/ε), surface charge, support layer structural parameter (S), pure water permeability coefficient (A) and salt (NaCl) permeability coefficient (B) of the two membranes were systematically characterised. 24345822 3 51 theme effective 415:423 arg1 radius 438:443 The effective average pore radius 411:443 The effective average pore radius (rp) 411:448 The effective average pore radius (rp), selective barrier thickness over porosity parameter (l/ε), surface charge, support layer structural parameter (S), pure water permeability coefficient (A) and salt (NaCl) permeability coefficient (B) of the two membranes were systematically characterised. 24345822 0 52 theme organic 28:34 arg1 contaminants 36:47 trace organic contaminants 22:47 trace organic contaminants 22:47 Relating rejection of trace organic contaminants to membrane properties in forward osmosis: measurements, modelling and implications. 24345822 4 53 theme pore 819:822 arg1 model 844:848 the pore hindrance transport model 815:848 the pore hindrance transport model 815:848 Results show that measured rejection of TrOCs as a function of permeate water flux can be well described by the pore hindrance transport model. 24345822 7 54 theme molecular 1236:1244 arg1 weight 1246:1251 low molecular weight 1232:1251 low molecular weight than the CTA membrane 1232:1273 The TFC membrane exhibited higher rejection of neutral TrOCs with low molecular weight than the CTA membrane, although the estimated pore size of the TFC membrane (0.42 nm) was slightly larger than that of the CTA membrane (0.37 nm). 24345822 3 55 theme structural 540:549 arg1 S 562:562 support layer structural parameter (S) 526:563 support layer structural parameter (S) 526:563 The effective average pore radius (rp), selective barrier thickness over porosity parameter (l/ε), surface charge, support layer structural parameter (S), pure water permeability coefficient (A) and salt (NaCl) permeability coefficient (B) of the two membranes were systematically characterised. 24345822 8 56 dep structure 1549:1557 arg1 indicated 1563:1571 indicated 1563:1571 indicated by a larger l/ε parameter 1563:1597 This higher rejection of neutral TrOCs by the TFC membrane is likely attributed to its active layer properties, namely a more effective active layer structure, as indicated by a larger l/ε parameter, and pore hydration induced by the negative surface charge. 24345822 1 57 theme trace 222:226 arg1 TrOCs 250:254 TrOCs 250:254 TrOCs 250:254 This study elucidates the relationship between membrane properties and the rejection of trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) in forward osmosis (FO). 24345822 1 57 theme trace 222:226 arg1 contaminants 236:247 trace organic contaminants 222:247 trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) 222:255 This study elucidates the relationship between membrane properties and the rejection of trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) in forward osmosis (FO). 24345822 0 58 theme membrane 52:59 arg1 properties 61:70 membrane properties 52:70 membrane properties in forward osmosis 52:89 Relating rejection of trace organic contaminants to membrane properties in forward osmosis: measurements, modelling and implications. 24345822 0 59 from properties 61:70 arg1 osmosis 83:89 forward osmosis 75:89 forward osmosis 75:89 Relating rejection of trace organic contaminants to membrane properties in forward osmosis: measurements, modelling and implications. 24345822 6 60 theme electrostatic 1120:1132 arg1 repulsion 1134:1142 electrostatic repulsion 1120:1142 electrostatic repulsion 1120:1142 The rejection of charged TrOCs by the CTA and TFC membranes was high and was governed by both electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance. 24345822 6 61 theme TrOCs 1051:1055 arg1 rejection 1030:1038 The rejection 1026:1038 The rejection of charged TrOCs by the CTA and TFC membranes 1026:1084 The rejection of charged TrOCs by the CTA and TFC membranes was high and was governed by both electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance. 24345822 6 61 theme TrOCs 1051:1055 arg1 high 1090:1093 high 1090:1093 high 1090:1093 The rejection of charged TrOCs by the CTA and TFC membranes was high and was governed by both electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance. 24345822 3 62 theme pure 566:569 arg1 A 603:603 A 603:603 A 603:603 The effective average pore radius (rp), selective barrier thickness over porosity parameter (l/ε), surface charge, support layer structural parameter (S), pure water permeability coefficient (A) and salt (NaCl) permeability coefficient (B) of the two membranes were systematically characterised. 24345822 3 62 theme pure 566:569 arg1 coefficient 590:600 pure water permeability coefficient 566:600 pure water permeability coefficient (A) 566:604 The effective average pore radius (rp), selective barrier thickness over porosity parameter (l/ε), surface charge, support layer structural parameter (S), pure water permeability coefficient (A) and salt (NaCl) permeability coefficient (B) of the two membranes were systematically characterised. 24345822 3 63 theme support 526:532 arg1 S 562:562 support layer structural parameter (S) 526:563 support layer structural parameter (S) 526:563 The effective average pore radius (rp), selective barrier thickness over porosity parameter (l/ε), surface charge, support layer structural parameter (S), pure water permeability coefficient (A) and salt (NaCl) permeability coefficient (B) of the two membranes were systematically characterised. 24345822 2 64 used used 382:385 arg2 triacetate 306:315 An asymmetric cellulose triacetate 282:315 An asymmetric cellulose triacetate (CTA) 282:321 An asymmetric cellulose triacetate (CTA) and a thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide FO membrane were used for this investigation. 24345822 2 64 used used 382:385 arg2 membrane 368:375 a thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide FO membrane 327:375 a thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide FO membrane 327:375 An asymmetric cellulose triacetate (CTA) and a thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide FO membrane were used for this investigation. 24345822 2 64 used used 382:385 arg2 CTA 318:320 CTA 318:320 CTA 318:320 An asymmetric cellulose triacetate (CTA) and a thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide FO membrane were used for this investigation. 24345822 6 65 theme charged 1043:1049 arg1 TrOCs 1051:1055 charged TrOCs 1043:1055 charged TrOCs 1043:1055 The rejection of charged TrOCs by the CTA and TFC membranes was high and was governed by both electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance. 24345822 3 66 theme membranes 662:670 arg1 coefficient 635:645 salt (NaCl) permeability coefficient 610:645 salt (NaCl) permeability coefficient (B) of the two membranes 610:670 The effective average pore radius (rp), selective barrier thickness over porosity parameter (l/ε), surface charge, support layer structural parameter (S), pure water permeability coefficient (A) and salt (NaCl) permeability coefficient (B) of the two membranes were systematically characterised. 24345822 3 66 theme membranes 662:670 arg1 rp 446:447 rp 446:447 rp 446:447 The effective average pore radius (rp), selective barrier thickness over porosity parameter (l/ε), surface charge, support layer structural parameter (S), pure water permeability coefficient (A) and salt (NaCl) permeability coefficient (B) of the two membranes were systematically characterised. 24345822 3 66 theme membranes 662:670 arg1 charge 518:523 surface charge 510:523 surface charge 510:523 The effective average pore radius (rp), selective barrier thickness over porosity parameter (l/ε), surface charge, support layer structural parameter (S), pure water permeability coefficient (A) and salt (NaCl) permeability coefficient (B) of the two membranes were systematically characterised. 24345822 3 66 theme membranes 662:670 arg1 B 648:648 B 648:648 B 648:648 The effective average pore radius (rp), selective barrier thickness over porosity parameter (l/ε), surface charge, support layer structural parameter (S), pure water permeability coefficient (A) and salt (NaCl) permeability coefficient (B) of the two membranes were systematically characterised. 24345822 3 66 theme membranes 662:670 arg1 S 562:562 support layer structural parameter (S) 526:563 support layer structural parameter (S) 526:563 The effective average pore radius (rp), selective barrier thickness over porosity parameter (l/ε), surface charge, support layer structural parameter (S), pure water permeability coefficient (A) and salt (NaCl) permeability coefficient (B) of the two membranes were systematically characterised. 24345822 3 66 theme membranes 662:670 arg1 coefficient 590:600 pure water permeability coefficient 566:600 pure water permeability coefficient (A) 566:604 The effective average pore radius (rp), selective barrier thickness over porosity parameter (l/ε), surface charge, support layer structural parameter (S), pure water permeability coefficient (A) and salt (NaCl) permeability coefficient (B) of the two membranes were systematically characterised. 24345822 3 66 theme membranes 662:670 arg1 thickness 469:477 selective barrier thickness 451:477 selective barrier thickness over porosity parameter (l/ε) 451:507 The effective average pore radius (rp), selective barrier thickness over porosity parameter (l/ε), surface charge, support layer structural parameter (S), pure water permeability coefficient (A) and salt (NaCl) permeability coefficient (B) of the two membranes were systematically characterised. 24345822 3 66 theme membranes 662:670 arg1 A 603:603 A 603:603 A 603:603 The effective average pore radius (rp), selective barrier thickness over porosity parameter (l/ε), surface charge, support layer structural parameter (S), pure water permeability coefficient (A) and salt (NaCl) permeability coefficient (B) of the two membranes were systematically characterised. 24345822 3 66 theme membranes 662:670 arg1 radius 438:443 The effective average pore radius 411:443 The effective average pore radius (rp) 411:448 The effective average pore radius (rp), selective barrier thickness over porosity parameter (l/ε), surface charge, support layer structural parameter (S), pure water permeability coefficient (A) and salt (NaCl) permeability coefficient (B) of the two membranes were systematically characterised. 24345822 7 67 theme CTA 1262:1264 arg1 membrane 1266:1273 the CTA membrane 1258:1273 the CTA membrane 1258:1273 The TFC membrane exhibited higher rejection of neutral TrOCs with low molecular weight than the CTA membrane, although the estimated pore size of the TFC membrane (0.42 nm) was slightly larger than that of the CTA membrane (0.37 nm). 24345822 5 68 theme successful 889:898 arg1 application 900:910 the first successful application 879:910 the first successful application of this model, which was developed for pressure-driven nanofiltration, to an osmotically-driven membrane process 879:1023 This observation represents the first successful application of this model, which was developed for pressure-driven nanofiltration, to an osmotically-driven membrane process. 24345822 1 69 from rejection 209:217 arg1 FO 277:278 FO 277:278 FO 277:278 This study elucidates the relationship between membrane properties and the rejection of trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) in forward osmosis (FO). 24345822 1 69 from rejection 209:217 arg1 osmosis 268:274 forward osmosis 260:274 forward osmosis (FO) 260:279 This study elucidates the relationship between membrane properties and the rejection of trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) in forward osmosis (FO). 24345822 7 70 theme TFC 1170:1172 arg1 membrane 1174:1181 The TFC membrane 1166:1181 The TFC membrane 1166:1181 The TFC membrane exhibited higher rejection of neutral TrOCs with low molecular weight than the CTA membrane, although the estimated pore size of the TFC membrane (0.42 nm) was slightly larger than that of the CTA membrane (0.37 nm). 24345822 7 71 theme pore 1299:1302 arg1 larger 1352:1357 larger 1352:1357 larger 1352:1357 The TFC membrane exhibited higher rejection of neutral TrOCs with low molecular weight than the CTA membrane, although the estimated pore size of the TFC membrane (0.42 nm) was slightly larger than that of the CTA membrane (0.37 nm). 24345822 7 71 theme pore 1299:1302 arg1 size 1304:1307 the estimated pore size 1285:1307 the estimated pore size of the TFC membrane (0.42 nm) 1285:1337 The TFC membrane exhibited higher rejection of neutral TrOCs with low molecular weight than the CTA membrane, although the estimated pore size of the TFC membrane (0.42 nm) was slightly larger than that of the CTA membrane (0.37 nm). 24345822 1 72 theme organic 228:234 arg1 TrOCs 250:254 TrOCs 250:254 TrOCs 250:254 This study elucidates the relationship between membrane properties and the rejection of trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) in forward osmosis (FO). 24345822 1 72 theme organic 228:234 arg1 contaminants 236:247 trace organic contaminants 222:247 trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) 222:255 This study elucidates the relationship between membrane properties and the rejection of trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) in forward osmosis (FO). 24345822 6 73 theme TFC 1072:1074 arg1 membranes 1076:1084 the CTA and TFC membranes 1060:1084 membranes 1076:1084 The rejection of charged TrOCs by the CTA and TFC membranes was high and was governed by both electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance. 24345822 5 74 theme pressure-driven 951:965 arg1 nanofiltration 967:980 pressure-driven nanofiltration 951:980 pressure-driven nanofiltration 951:980 This observation represents the first successful application of this model, which was developed for pressure-driven nanofiltration, to an osmotically-driven membrane process. 24345822 1 75 from properties 190:199 arg1 FO 277:278 FO 277:278 FO 277:278 This study elucidates the relationship between membrane properties and the rejection of trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) in forward osmosis (FO). 24345822 1 75 from properties 190:199 arg1 osmosis 268:274 forward osmosis 260:274 forward osmosis (FO) 260:279 This study elucidates the relationship between membrane properties and the rejection of trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) in forward osmosis (FO). 24345822 1 76 theme contaminants 236:247 arg1 properties 190:199 membrane properties 181:199 membrane properties 181:199 This study elucidates the relationship between membrane properties and the rejection of trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) in forward osmosis (FO). 24345822 1 76 theme contaminants 236:247 arg1 rejection 209:217 the rejection 205:217 the rejection of trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) in forward osmosis (FO) 205:279 This study elucidates the relationship between membrane properties and the rejection of trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) in forward osmosis (FO). 24345822 3 77 theme average 425:431 arg1 rp 446:447 rp 446:447 rp 446:447 The effective average pore radius (rp), selective barrier thickness over porosity parameter (l/ε), surface charge, support layer structural parameter (S), pure water permeability coefficient (A) and salt (NaCl) permeability coefficient (B) of the two membranes were systematically characterised. 24345822 3 77 theme average 425:431 arg1 radius 438:443 The effective average pore radius 411:443 The effective average pore radius (rp) 411:448 The effective average pore radius (rp), selective barrier thickness over porosity parameter (l/ε), surface charge, support layer structural parameter (S), pure water permeability coefficient (A) and salt (NaCl) permeability coefficient (B) of the two membranes were systematically characterised. 24345822 3 78 theme parameter 551:559 arg1 S 562:562 support layer structural parameter (S) 526:563 support layer structural parameter (S) 526:563 The effective average pore radius (rp), selective barrier thickness over porosity parameter (l/ε), surface charge, support layer structural parameter (S), pure water permeability coefficient (A) and salt (NaCl) permeability coefficient (B) of the two membranes were systematically characterised. 24345822 7 79 theme neutral 1213:1219 arg1 TrOCs 1221:1225 neutral TrOCs 1213:1225 neutral TrOCs 1213:1225 The TFC membrane exhibited higher rejection of neutral TrOCs with low molecular weight than the CTA membrane, although the estimated pore size of the TFC membrane (0.42 nm) was slightly larger than that of the CTA membrane (0.37 nm). 24345822 1 80 theme membrane 181:188 arg1 properties 190:199 membrane properties 181:199 membrane properties 181:199 This study elucidates the relationship between membrane properties and the rejection of trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) in forward osmosis (FO). 24345822 0 81 dep Relating 0:7 arg1 measurements 92:103 measurements 92:103 measurements 92:103 Relating rejection of trace organic contaminants to membrane properties in forward osmosis: measurements, modelling and implications. 24345822 0 81 dep Relating 0:7 arg1 implications 120:131 implications 120:131 implications 120:131 Relating rejection of trace organic contaminants to membrane properties in forward osmosis: measurements, modelling and implications. 24345822 0 81 dep Relating 0:7 arg1 modelling 106:114 modelling 106:114 modelling 106:114 Relating rejection of trace organic contaminants to membrane properties in forward osmosis: measurements, modelling and implications. 24345822 8 82 theme negative 1634:1641 arg1 charge 1651:1656 the negative surface charge 1630:1656 the negative surface charge 1630:1656 This higher rejection of neutral TrOCs by the TFC membrane is likely attributed to its active layer properties, namely a more effective active layer structure, as indicated by a larger l/ε parameter, and pore hydration induced by the negative surface charge. 24345822 2 83 theme composite 339:347 arg1 membrane 368:375 a thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide FO membrane 327:375 a thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide FO membrane 327:375 An asymmetric cellulose triacetate (CTA) and a thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide FO membrane were used for this investigation. 24345822 8 84 theme active 1536:1541 arg1 structure 1549:1557 a more effective active layer structure 1519:1557 a more effective active layer structure, as indicated by a larger l/ε parameter, 1519:1598 This higher rejection of neutral TrOCs by the TFC membrane is likely attributed to its active layer properties, namely a more effective active layer structure, as indicated by a larger l/ε parameter, and pore hydration induced by the negative surface charge. 25542123 1 0 theme biodegradable 230:242 arg1 composites 244:253 biodegradable composites 230:253 biodegradable composites based on poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) 230:289 Amorphous cellulose particles, obtained through a solvent-free mechano-chemical process, have been tested for the first time as a potential filler for biodegradable composites based on poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL). 25542123 5 1 theme relevant 908:915 arg1 properties 931:940 relevant technological properties 908:940 relevant technological properties of the realized composites, such as tensile and thermal properties, water absorption, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic 908:1083 The use of the amorphous cellulose particles combined with the presence of a suitable interfacial agent has allowed to modulate relevant technological properties of the realized composites, such as tensile and thermal properties, water absorption, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic. 25542123 4 2 theme materials 769:777 arg1 properties 742:751 the final properties 732:751 the final properties of the realized materials 732:777 Composites have been tested through physico-mechanical characterizations and soil burial degradation tests, in order to evaluate the influence of cellulose structure and morphology and polymer/filler interfacial adhesion on the final properties of the realized materials. 25542123 4 3 theme burial 590:595 arg1 tests 609:613 soil burial degradation tests 585:613 soil burial degradation tests 585:613 Composites have been tested through physico-mechanical characterizations and soil burial degradation tests, in order to evaluate the influence of cellulose structure and morphology and polymer/filler interfacial adhesion on the final properties of the realized materials. 25542123 5 4 theme tensile 978:984 arg1 properties 998:1007 tensile and thermal properties 978:1007 properties 998:1007 The use of the amorphous cellulose particles combined with the presence of a suitable interfacial agent has allowed to modulate relevant technological properties of the realized composites, such as tensile and thermal properties, water absorption, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic. 25542123 4 5 theme realized 760:767 arg1 materials 769:777 the realized materials 756:777 the realized materials 756:777 Composites have been tested through physico-mechanical characterizations and soil burial degradation tests, in order to evaluate the influence of cellulose structure and morphology and polymer/filler interfacial adhesion on the final properties of the realized materials. 25542123 4 6 theme soil 585:588 arg1 tests 609:613 soil burial degradation tests 585:613 soil burial degradation tests 585:613 Composites have been tested through physico-mechanical characterizations and soil burial degradation tests, in order to evaluate the influence of cellulose structure and morphology and polymer/filler interfacial adhesion on the final properties of the realized materials. 25542123 4 7 dep morphology 678:687 arg1 adhesion 720:727 interfacial adhesion 708:727 interfacial adhesion 708:727 Composites have been tested through physico-mechanical characterizations and soil burial degradation tests, in order to evaluate the influence of cellulose structure and morphology and polymer/filler interfacial adhesion on the final properties of the realized materials. 25542123 5 8 theme agent 878:882 arg1 presence 843:850 the presence 839:850 the presence of a suitable interfacial agent 839:882 The use of the amorphous cellulose particles combined with the presence of a suitable interfacial agent has allowed to modulate relevant technological properties of the realized composites, such as tensile and thermal properties, water absorption, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic. 25542123 5 9 theme suitable 857:864 arg1 agent 878:882 a suitable interfacial agent 855:882 a suitable interfacial agent 855:882 The use of the amorphous cellulose particles combined with the presence of a suitable interfacial agent has allowed to modulate relevant technological properties of the realized composites, such as tensile and thermal properties, water absorption, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic. 25542123 4 10 theme degradation 597:607 arg1 tests 609:613 soil burial degradation tests 585:613 soil burial degradation tests 585:613 Composites have been tested through physico-mechanical characterizations and soil burial degradation tests, in order to evaluate the influence of cellulose structure and morphology and polymer/filler interfacial adhesion on the final properties of the realized materials. 25542123 5 11 theme interfacial 866:876 arg1 agent 878:882 a suitable interfacial agent 855:882 a suitable interfacial agent 855:882 The use of the amorphous cellulose particles combined with the presence of a suitable interfacial agent has allowed to modulate relevant technological properties of the realized composites, such as tensile and thermal properties, water absorption, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic. 25542123 5 12 theme cellulose 805:813 arg1 particles 815:823 the amorphous cellulose particles 791:823 the amorphous cellulose particles combined with the presence of a suitable interfacial agent 791:882 The use of the amorphous cellulose particles combined with the presence of a suitable interfacial agent has allowed to modulate relevant technological properties of the realized composites, such as tensile and thermal properties, water absorption, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic. 25542123 5 13 theme realized 949:956 arg1 biodegradation 1062:1075 biodegradation kinetic 1062:1083 biodegradation kinetic 1062:1083 The use of the amorphous cellulose particles combined with the presence of a suitable interfacial agent has allowed to modulate relevant technological properties of the realized composites, such as tensile and thermal properties, water absorption, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic. 25542123 5 13 theme realized 949:956 arg1 rate 1053:1056 water vapor transmission rate 1028:1056 water vapor transmission rate 1028:1056 The use of the amorphous cellulose particles combined with the presence of a suitable interfacial agent has allowed to modulate relevant technological properties of the realized composites, such as tensile and thermal properties, water absorption, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic. 25542123 5 13 theme realized 949:956 arg1 absorption 1016:1025 water absorption 1010:1025 water absorption 1010:1025 The use of the amorphous cellulose particles combined with the presence of a suitable interfacial agent has allowed to modulate relevant technological properties of the realized composites, such as tensile and thermal properties, water absorption, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic. 25542123 5 13 theme realized 949:956 arg1 composites 958:967 the realized composites 945:967 the realized composites 945:967 The use of the amorphous cellulose particles combined with the presence of a suitable interfacial agent has allowed to modulate relevant technological properties of the realized composites, such as tensile and thermal properties, water absorption, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic. 25542123 5 13 theme realized 949:956 arg1 properties 998:1007 tensile and thermal properties 978:1007 properties 998:1007 The use of the amorphous cellulose particles combined with the presence of a suitable interfacial agent has allowed to modulate relevant technological properties of the realized composites, such as tensile and thermal properties, water absorption, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic. 25542123 4 14 from influence 641:649 arg1 properties 742:751 the final properties 732:751 the final properties of the realized materials 732:777 Composites have been tested through physico-mechanical characterizations and soil burial degradation tests, in order to evaluate the influence of cellulose structure and morphology and polymer/filler interfacial adhesion on the final properties of the realized materials. 25542123 4 15 theme structure 664:672 arg1 influence 641:649 the influence 637:649 the influence of cellulose structure and morphology and polymer/filler interfacial adhesion on the final properties of the realized materials 637:777 Composites have been tested through physico-mechanical characterizations and soil burial degradation tests, in order to evaluate the influence of cellulose structure and morphology and polymer/filler interfacial adhesion on the final properties of the realized materials. 25542123 3 16 theme effective 361:369 arg1 strategy 383:390 An effective interfacial strategy 358:390 An effective interfacial strategy based on a compatibilizing agent, a modified PCL, 358:440 An effective interfacial strategy based on a compatibilizing agent, a modified PCL, has been used to improve the polymer/filler interfacial adhesion. 25542123 1 17 theme Amorphous 79:87 arg1 filler 219:224 a potential filler 207:224 a potential filler for biodegradable composites based on poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) 207:289 Amorphous cellulose particles, obtained through a solvent-free mechano-chemical process, have been tested for the first time as a potential filler for biodegradable composites based on poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL). 25542123 1 17 theme Amorphous 79:87 arg1 particles 99:107 Amorphous cellulose particles 79:107 Amorphous cellulose particles 79:107 Amorphous cellulose particles, obtained through a solvent-free mechano-chemical process, have been tested for the first time as a potential filler for biodegradable composites based on poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL). 25542123 4 18 theme cellulose 654:662 arg1 structure 664:672 cellulose structure 654:672 cellulose structure 654:672 Composites have been tested through physico-mechanical characterizations and soil burial degradation tests, in order to evaluate the influence of cellulose structure and morphology and polymer/filler interfacial adhesion on the final properties of the realized materials. 25542123 5 19 theme particles 815:823 arg1 use 784:786 The use 780:786 The use of the amorphous cellulose particles combined with the presence of a suitable interfacial agent 780:882 The use of the amorphous cellulose particles combined with the presence of a suitable interfacial agent has allowed to modulate relevant technological properties of the realized composites, such as tensile and thermal properties, water absorption, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic. 25542123 3 20 used used 451:454 arg2 strategy 383:390 An effective interfacial strategy 358:390 An effective interfacial strategy based on a compatibilizing agent, a modified PCL, 358:440 An effective interfacial strategy based on a compatibilizing agent, a modified PCL, has been used to improve the polymer/filler interfacial adhesion. 25542123 1 21 theme cellulose 89:97 arg1 filler 219:224 a potential filler 207:224 a potential filler for biodegradable composites based on poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) 207:289 Amorphous cellulose particles, obtained through a solvent-free mechano-chemical process, have been tested for the first time as a potential filler for biodegradable composites based on poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL). 25542123 1 21 theme cellulose 89:97 arg1 particles 99:107 Amorphous cellulose particles 79:107 Amorphous cellulose particles 79:107 Amorphous cellulose particles, obtained through a solvent-free mechano-chemical process, have been tested for the first time as a potential filler for biodegradable composites based on poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL). 25542123 4 22 theme final 736:740 arg1 properties 742:751 the final properties 732:751 the final properties of the realized materials 732:777 Composites have been tested through physico-mechanical characterizations and soil burial degradation tests, in order to evaluate the influence of cellulose structure and morphology and polymer/filler interfacial adhesion on the final properties of the realized materials. 25542123 4 23 theme physico-mechanical 544:561 arg1 characterizations 563:579 physico-mechanical characterizations 544:579 physico-mechanical characterizations 544:579 Composites have been tested through physico-mechanical characterizations and soil burial degradation tests, in order to evaluate the influence of cellulose structure and morphology and polymer/filler interfacial adhesion on the final properties of the realized materials. 25542123 5 24 theme composites 958:967 arg1 properties 931:940 relevant technological properties 908:940 relevant technological properties of the realized composites, such as tensile and thermal properties, water absorption, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic 908:1083 The use of the amorphous cellulose particles combined with the presence of a suitable interfacial agent has allowed to modulate relevant technological properties of the realized composites, such as tensile and thermal properties, water absorption, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic. 25542123 1 25 theme first 193:197 arg1 time 199:202 the first time 189:202 the first time 189:202 Amorphous cellulose particles, obtained through a solvent-free mechano-chemical process, have been tested for the first time as a potential filler for biodegradable composites based on poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL). 25542123 3 26 theme compatibilizing 403:417 arg1 agent 419:423 a compatibilizing agent 401:423 a compatibilizing agent 401:423 An effective interfacial strategy based on a compatibilizing agent, a modified PCL, has been used to improve the polymer/filler interfacial adhesion. 25542123 3 26 theme compatibilizing 403:417 arg1 PCL 437:439 a modified PCL 426:439 a modified PCL 426:439 An effective interfacial strategy based on a compatibilizing agent, a modified PCL, has been used to improve the polymer/filler interfacial adhesion. 25542123 4 27 theme morphology 678:687 arg1 influence 641:649 the influence 637:649 the influence of cellulose structure and morphology and polymer/filler interfacial adhesion on the final properties of the realized materials 637:777 Composites have been tested through physico-mechanical characterizations and soil burial degradation tests, in order to evaluate the influence of cellulose structure and morphology and polymer/filler interfacial adhesion on the final properties of the realized materials. 25542123 5 28 theme water 1028:1032 arg1 rate 1053:1056 water vapor transmission rate 1028:1056 water vapor transmission rate 1028:1056 The use of the amorphous cellulose particles combined with the presence of a suitable interfacial agent has allowed to modulate relevant technological properties of the realized composites, such as tensile and thermal properties, water absorption, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic. 25542123 5 28 theme water 1028:1032 arg1 properties 998:1007 tensile and thermal properties 978:1007 properties 998:1007 The use of the amorphous cellulose particles combined with the presence of a suitable interfacial agent has allowed to modulate relevant technological properties of the realized composites, such as tensile and thermal properties, water absorption, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic. 25542123 5 28 theme water 1028:1032 arg1 composites 958:967 the realized composites 945:967 the realized composites 945:967 The use of the amorphous cellulose particles combined with the presence of a suitable interfacial agent has allowed to modulate relevant technological properties of the realized composites, such as tensile and thermal properties, water absorption, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic. 25542123 3 29 theme modified 428:435 arg1 agent 419:423 a compatibilizing agent 401:423 a compatibilizing agent 401:423 An effective interfacial strategy based on a compatibilizing agent, a modified PCL, has been used to improve the polymer/filler interfacial adhesion. 25542123 3 29 theme modified 428:435 arg1 PCL 437:439 a modified PCL 426:439 a modified PCL 426:439 An effective interfacial strategy based on a compatibilizing agent, a modified PCL, has been used to improve the polymer/filler interfacial adhesion. 25542123 3 30 theme interfacial 371:381 arg1 strategy 383:390 An effective interfacial strategy 358:390 An effective interfacial strategy based on a compatibilizing agent, a modified PCL, 358:440 An effective interfacial strategy based on a compatibilizing agent, a modified PCL, has been used to improve the polymer/filler interfacial adhesion. 25542123 5 31 theme vapor 1034:1038 arg1 rate 1053:1056 water vapor transmission rate 1028:1056 water vapor transmission rate 1028:1056 The use of the amorphous cellulose particles combined with the presence of a suitable interfacial agent has allowed to modulate relevant technological properties of the realized composites, such as tensile and thermal properties, water absorption, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic. 25542123 5 31 theme vapor 1034:1038 arg1 properties 998:1007 tensile and thermal properties 978:1007 properties 998:1007 The use of the amorphous cellulose particles combined with the presence of a suitable interfacial agent has allowed to modulate relevant technological properties of the realized composites, such as tensile and thermal properties, water absorption, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic. 25542123 5 31 theme vapor 1034:1038 arg1 composites 958:967 the realized composites 945:967 the realized composites 945:967 The use of the amorphous cellulose particles combined with the presence of a suitable interfacial agent has allowed to modulate relevant technological properties of the realized composites, such as tensile and thermal properties, water absorption, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic. 25542123 5 32 theme technological 917:929 arg1 properties 931:940 relevant technological properties 908:940 relevant technological properties of the realized composites, such as tensile and thermal properties, water absorption, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic 908:1083 The use of the amorphous cellulose particles combined with the presence of a suitable interfacial agent has allowed to modulate relevant technological properties of the realized composites, such as tensile and thermal properties, water absorption, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic. 25542123 5 33 theme amorphous 795:803 arg1 particles 815:823 the amorphous cellulose particles 791:823 the amorphous cellulose particles combined with the presence of a suitable interfacial agent 791:882 The use of the amorphous cellulose particles combined with the presence of a suitable interfacial agent has allowed to modulate relevant technological properties of the realized composites, such as tensile and thermal properties, water absorption, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic. 25542123 5 34 theme transmission 1040:1051 arg1 rate 1053:1056 water vapor transmission rate 1028:1056 water vapor transmission rate 1028:1056 The use of the amorphous cellulose particles combined with the presence of a suitable interfacial agent has allowed to modulate relevant technological properties of the realized composites, such as tensile and thermal properties, water absorption, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic. 25542123 5 34 theme transmission 1040:1051 arg1 properties 998:1007 tensile and thermal properties 978:1007 properties 998:1007 The use of the amorphous cellulose particles combined with the presence of a suitable interfacial agent has allowed to modulate relevant technological properties of the realized composites, such as tensile and thermal properties, water absorption, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic. 25542123 5 34 theme transmission 1040:1051 arg1 composites 958:967 the realized composites 945:967 the realized composites 945:967 The use of the amorphous cellulose particles combined with the presence of a suitable interfacial agent has allowed to modulate relevant technological properties of the realized composites, such as tensile and thermal properties, water absorption, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic. 25542123 1 35 theme mechano-chemical 142:157 arg1 process 159:165 a solvent-free mechano-chemical process 127:165 a solvent-free mechano-chemical process 127:165 Amorphous cellulose particles, obtained through a solvent-free mechano-chemical process, have been tested for the first time as a potential filler for biodegradable composites based on poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL). 25542123 4 36 theme interfacial 708:718 arg1 adhesion 720:727 interfacial adhesion 708:727 interfacial adhesion 708:727 Composites have been tested through physico-mechanical characterizations and soil burial degradation tests, in order to evaluate the influence of cellulose structure and morphology and polymer/filler interfacial adhesion on the final properties of the realized materials. 25542123 1 37 theme solvent-free 129:140 arg1 process 159:165 a solvent-free mechano-chemical process 127:165 a solvent-free mechano-chemical process 127:165 Amorphous cellulose particles, obtained through a solvent-free mechano-chemical process, have been tested for the first time as a potential filler for biodegradable composites based on poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL). 25542123 2 38 theme cellulose 303:311 arg1 fibers 313:318 Commercial cellulose fibers 292:318 Commercial cellulose fibers 292:318 Commercial cellulose fibers have been also tested for comparison. 25542123 5 39 theme thermal 990:996 arg1 properties 998:1007 tensile and thermal properties 978:1007 properties 998:1007 The use of the amorphous cellulose particles combined with the presence of a suitable interfacial agent has allowed to modulate relevant technological properties of the realized composites, such as tensile and thermal properties, water absorption, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic. 25542123 2 40 theme Commercial 292:301 arg1 fibers 313:318 Commercial cellulose fibers 292:318 Commercial cellulose fibers 292:318 Commercial cellulose fibers have been also tested for comparison. 25542123 1 41 theme potential 209:217 arg1 filler 219:224 a potential filler 207:224 a potential filler for biodegradable composites based on poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) 207:289 Amorphous cellulose particles, obtained through a solvent-free mechano-chemical process, have been tested for the first time as a potential filler for biodegradable composites based on poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL). 25542123 1 41 theme potential 209:217 arg1 particles 99:107 Amorphous cellulose particles 79:107 Amorphous cellulose particles 79:107 Amorphous cellulose particles, obtained through a solvent-free mechano-chemical process, have been tested for the first time as a potential filler for biodegradable composites based on poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL). 25542123 5 42 theme kinetic 1077:1083 arg1 biodegradation 1062:1075 biodegradation kinetic 1062:1083 biodegradation kinetic 1062:1083 The use of the amorphous cellulose particles combined with the presence of a suitable interfacial agent has allowed to modulate relevant technological properties of the realized composites, such as tensile and thermal properties, water absorption, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic. 25542123 5 42 theme kinetic 1077:1083 arg1 properties 998:1007 tensile and thermal properties 978:1007 properties 998:1007 The use of the amorphous cellulose particles combined with the presence of a suitable interfacial agent has allowed to modulate relevant technological properties of the realized composites, such as tensile and thermal properties, water absorption, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic. 25542123 5 42 theme kinetic 1077:1083 arg1 composites 958:967 the realized composites 945:967 the realized composites 945:967 The use of the amorphous cellulose particles combined with the presence of a suitable interfacial agent has allowed to modulate relevant technological properties of the realized composites, such as tensile and thermal properties, water absorption, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic. 25542123 5 43 theme water 1010:1014 arg1 properties 998:1007 tensile and thermal properties 978:1007 properties 998:1007 The use of the amorphous cellulose particles combined with the presence of a suitable interfacial agent has allowed to modulate relevant technological properties of the realized composites, such as tensile and thermal properties, water absorption, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic. 25542123 5 43 theme water 1010:1014 arg1 absorption 1016:1025 water absorption 1010:1025 water absorption 1010:1025 The use of the amorphous cellulose particles combined with the presence of a suitable interfacial agent has allowed to modulate relevant technological properties of the realized composites, such as tensile and thermal properties, water absorption, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic. 25542123 5 43 theme water 1010:1014 arg1 composites 958:967 the realized composites 945:967 the realized composites 945:967 The use of the amorphous cellulose particles combined with the presence of a suitable interfacial agent has allowed to modulate relevant technological properties of the realized composites, such as tensile and thermal properties, water absorption, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic. 25542123 3 44 theme polymer/filler 471:484 arg1 adhesion 498:505 the polymer/filler interfacial adhesion 467:505 the polymer/filler interfacial adhesion 467:505 An effective interfacial strategy based on a compatibilizing agent, a modified PCL, has been used to improve the polymer/filler interfacial adhesion. 25542123 0 45 from filler 24:29 arg1 biocomposites 34:46 biocomposites 34:46 biocomposites based on poly(ɛ-caprolactone) 34:76 Amorphized cellulose as filler in biocomposites based on poly(ɛ-caprolactone). 25542123 3 46 theme interfacial 486:496 arg1 adhesion 498:505 the polymer/filler interfacial adhesion 467:505 the polymer/filler interfacial adhesion 467:505 An effective interfacial strategy based on a compatibilizing agent, a modified PCL, has been used to improve the polymer/filler interfacial adhesion. 26834178 3 0 theme polysaccharides 633:647 arg1 accumulation 608:619 the accumulation 604:619 the accumulation of mucilage polysaccharides 604:647 Expression of IRX14 was detected specifically in the seed coat epidermal cells, reaching peak expression at 13 days post-anthesis (DPA) when the accumulation of mucilage polysaccharides has ceased. 26834178 5 1 theme wild 836:839 arg1 WT 847:848 WT 847:848 WT 847:848 Although the total amount of mucilage was comparable with the wild type (WT), the partition between water-soluble and adherent layers was significantly altered in irx14-1, with redistribution from the adherent layer to the water-soluble layer. 26834178 5 1 theme wild 836:839 arg1 type 841:844 the wild type 832:844 the wild type (WT) 832:849 Although the total amount of mucilage was comparable with the wild type (WT), the partition between water-soluble and adherent layers was significantly altered in irx14-1, with redistribution from the adherent layer to the water-soluble layer. 26834178 2 2 theme due 431:433 arg1 defect 424:429 a mucilage cohesiveness defect 400:429 a mucilage cohesiveness defect due to a reduced xylan content 400:460 In this study, we showed that mutation in Irregular Xylem 14 (IRX14) led to a mucilage cohesiveness defect due to a reduced xylan content. 26834178 8 3 theme ultra-structural 1475:1490 arg1 alterations 1492:1502 the ultra-structural alterations 1471:1502 the ultra-structural alterations in the irx14-1 mucilage 1471:1526 In accordance, glycome profiling and dot immunoblotting of seed mucilage using antibodies specific for rhamnogalacturonan I (RG I) and xylan confirmed the ultra-structural alterations in the irx14-1 mucilage. 26834178 1 4 theme Arabidopsis 138:148 arg1 cells 170:174 the Arabidopsis seed coat epidermal cells 134:174 the Arabidopsis seed coat epidermal cells 134:174 During differentiation, the Arabidopsis seed coat epidermal cells synthesize and secrete large quantities of pectinaceous mucilage into the apoplast, which is then released to encapsulate the seed upon imbibition. 26834178 2 5 theme xylan 448:452 arg1 content 454:460 a reduced xylan content 438:460 a reduced xylan content 438:460 In this study, we showed that mutation in Irregular Xylem 14 (IRX14) led to a mucilage cohesiveness defect due to a reduced xylan content. 26834178 0 6 theme seed 75:78 arg1 mucilage 85:92 seed coat mucilage 75:92 seed coat mucilage 75:92 Xylan synthesized by Irregular Xylem 14 (IRX14) maintains the structure of seed coat mucilage in Arabidopsis. 26834178 7 7 theme larger 1291:1296 arg1 components 1308:1317 the larger polymeric components 1287:1317 the larger polymeric components 1287:1317 The macromolecular characteristics of the water-soluble mucilage were modified in irx14-1 with a loss of the larger polymeric components. 26834178 10 8 theme xylan 1700:1704 arg1 biosynthesis 1670:1681 the biosynthesis 1666:1681 the biosynthesis 1666:1681 These results demonstrated that IRX14 was required for the biosynthesis of seed mucilage xylan, which plays an essential role in maintaining mucilage architecture potentially through altering the crystallization and organization of cellulose. 26834178 8 9 theme seed 1379:1382 arg1 mucilage 1384:1391 seed mucilage 1379:1391 seed mucilage using antibodies specific for rhamnogalacturonan I (RG I) and xylan 1379:1459 In accordance, glycome profiling and dot immunoblotting of seed mucilage using antibodies specific for rhamnogalacturonan I (RG I) and xylan confirmed the ultra-structural alterations in the irx14-1 mucilage. 26834178 6 10 theme adherent 1142:1149 arg1 mucilage 1151:1158 irx14-1 water-soluble and adherent mucilage 1116:1158 irx14-1 water-soluble and adherent mucilage 1116:1158 The monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that xylose content was significantly reduced in irx14-1 water-soluble and adherent mucilage compared with the WT. 26834178 5 11 theme water-soluble 874:886 arg1 layers 901:906 water-soluble and adherent layers 874:906 water-soluble and adherent layers 874:906 Although the total amount of mucilage was comparable with the wild type (WT), the partition between water-soluble and adherent layers was significantly altered in irx14-1, with redistribution from the adherent layer to the water-soluble layer. 26834178 10 12 theme seed 1686:1689 arg1 xylan 1700:1704 seed mucilage xylan 1686:1704 seed mucilage xylan 1686:1704 These results demonstrated that IRX14 was required for the biosynthesis of seed mucilage xylan, which plays an essential role in maintaining mucilage architecture potentially through altering the crystallization and organization of cellulose. 26834178 5 13 theme adherent 892:899 arg1 layers 901:906 water-soluble and adherent layers 874:906 water-soluble and adherent layers 874:906 Although the total amount of mucilage was comparable with the wild type (WT), the partition between water-soluble and adherent layers was significantly altered in irx14-1, with redistribution from the adherent layer to the water-soluble layer. 26834178 4 14 theme coat 692:695 arg1 Sectioning 661:670 Sectioning 661:670 Sectioning of the irx14-1 seed coat 661:695 Sectioning of the irx14-1 seed coat revealed no visible structural change in mucilage secretory cell morphology. 26834178 0 15 theme mucilage 85:92 arg1 structure 62:70 the structure 58:70 the structure of seed coat mucilage in Arabidopsis 58:107 Xylan synthesized by Irregular Xylem 14 (IRX14) maintains the structure of seed coat mucilage in Arabidopsis. 26834178 10 16 theme essential 1722:1730 arg1 role 1732:1735 an essential role 1719:1735 an essential role 1719:1735 These results demonstrated that IRX14 was required for the biosynthesis of seed mucilage xylan, which plays an essential role in maintaining mucilage architecture potentially through altering the crystallization and organization of cellulose. 26834178 6 17 theme monosaccharide 1022:1035 arg1 composition 1037:1047 The monosaccharide composition 1018:1047 The monosaccharide composition analysis 1018:1056 The monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that xylose content was significantly reduced in irx14-1 water-soluble and adherent mucilage compared with the WT. 26834178 4 18 theme visible 709:715 arg1 change 728:733 no visible structural change 706:733 no visible structural change in mucilage secretory cell morphology 706:771 Sectioning of the irx14-1 seed coat revealed no visible structural change in mucilage secretory cell morphology. 26834178 1 19 theme seed 150:153 arg1 cells 170:174 the Arabidopsis seed coat epidermal cells 134:174 the Arabidopsis seed coat epidermal cells 134:174 During differentiation, the Arabidopsis seed coat epidermal cells synthesize and secrete large quantities of pectinaceous mucilage into the apoplast, which is then released to encapsulate the seed upon imbibition. 26834178 0 20 theme coat 80:83 arg1 mucilage 85:92 seed coat mucilage 75:92 seed coat mucilage 75:92 Xylan synthesized by Irregular Xylem 14 (IRX14) maintains the structure of seed coat mucilage in Arabidopsis. 26834178 8 21 theme irx14-1 1511:1517 arg1 mucilage 1519:1526 the irx14-1 mucilage 1507:1526 the irx14-1 mucilage 1507:1526 In accordance, glycome profiling and dot immunoblotting of seed mucilage using antibodies specific for rhamnogalacturonan I (RG I) and xylan confirmed the ultra-structural alterations in the irx14-1 mucilage. 26834178 3 22 theme IRX14 477:481 arg1 Expression 463:472 Expression 463:472 Expression of IRX14 463:481 Expression of IRX14 was detected specifically in the seed coat epidermal cells, reaching peak expression at 13 days post-anthesis (DPA) when the accumulation of mucilage polysaccharides has ceased. 26834178 8 23 theme RG 1445:1446 arg1 I 1442:1442 rhamnogalacturonan I 1423:1442 rhamnogalacturonan I (RG I) 1423:1449 In accordance, glycome profiling and dot immunoblotting of seed mucilage using antibodies specific for rhamnogalacturonan I (RG I) and xylan confirmed the ultra-structural alterations in the irx14-1 mucilage. 26834178 8 23 theme RG 1445:1446 arg1 I 1448:1448 RG I 1445:1448 RG I 1445:1448 In accordance, glycome profiling and dot immunoblotting of seed mucilage using antibodies specific for rhamnogalacturonan I (RG I) and xylan confirmed the ultra-structural alterations in the irx14-1 mucilage. 26834178 1 24 theme coat 155:158 arg1 cells 170:174 the Arabidopsis seed coat epidermal cells 134:174 the Arabidopsis seed coat epidermal cells 134:174 During differentiation, the Arabidopsis seed coat epidermal cells synthesize and secrete large quantities of pectinaceous mucilage into the apoplast, which is then released to encapsulate the seed upon imbibition. 26834178 10 25 theme cellulose 1843:1851 arg1 organization 1827:1838 organization 1827:1838 organization 1827:1838 These results demonstrated that IRX14 was required for the biosynthesis of seed mucilage xylan, which plays an essential role in maintaining mucilage architecture potentially through altering the crystallization and organization of cellulose. 26834178 10 25 theme cellulose 1843:1851 arg1 crystallization 1807:1821 crystallization 1807:1821 crystallization 1807:1821 These results demonstrated that IRX14 was required for the biosynthesis of seed mucilage xylan, which plays an essential role in maintaining mucilage architecture potentially through altering the crystallization and organization of cellulose. 26834178 8 26 theme mucilage 1384:1391 arg1 profiling 1343:1351 glycome profiling 1335:1351 glycome profiling 1335:1351 In accordance, glycome profiling and dot immunoblotting of seed mucilage using antibodies specific for rhamnogalacturonan I (RG I) and xylan confirmed the ultra-structural alterations in the irx14-1 mucilage. 26834178 8 26 theme mucilage 1384:1391 arg1 immunoblotting 1361:1374 dot immunoblotting 1357:1374 dot immunoblotting 1357:1374 In accordance, glycome profiling and dot immunoblotting of seed mucilage using antibodies specific for rhamnogalacturonan I (RG I) and xylan confirmed the ultra-structural alterations in the irx14-1 mucilage. 26834178 8 27 theme dot 1357:1359 arg1 immunoblotting 1361:1374 dot immunoblotting 1357:1374 dot immunoblotting 1357:1374 In accordance, glycome profiling and dot immunoblotting of seed mucilage using antibodies specific for rhamnogalacturonan I (RG I) and xylan confirmed the ultra-structural alterations in the irx14-1 mucilage. 26834178 5 28 from layer 984:988 arg1 redistribution 951:964 redistribution 951:964 redistribution from the adherent layer to the water-soluble layer 951:1015 Although the total amount of mucilage was comparable with the wild type (WT), the partition between water-soluble and adherent layers was significantly altered in irx14-1, with redistribution from the adherent layer to the water-soluble layer. 26834178 8 29 theme glycome 1335:1341 arg1 profiling 1343:1351 glycome profiling 1335:1351 glycome profiling 1335:1351 In accordance, glycome profiling and dot immunoblotting of seed mucilage using antibodies specific for rhamnogalacturonan I (RG I) and xylan confirmed the ultra-structural alterations in the irx14-1 mucilage. 26834178 1 30 theme epidermal 160:168 arg1 cells 170:174 the Arabidopsis seed coat epidermal cells 134:174 the Arabidopsis seed coat epidermal cells 134:174 During differentiation, the Arabidopsis seed coat epidermal cells synthesize and secrete large quantities of pectinaceous mucilage into the apoplast, which is then released to encapsulate the seed upon imbibition. 26834178 3 31 theme seed 516:519 arg1 cells 536:540 the seed coat epidermal cells 512:540 the seed coat epidermal cells 512:540 Expression of IRX14 was detected specifically in the seed coat epidermal cells, reaching peak expression at 13 days post-anthesis (DPA) when the accumulation of mucilage polysaccharides has ceased. 26834178 3 32 located detected 487:494 arg1 cells 536:540 the seed coat epidermal cells 512:540 the seed coat epidermal cells 512:540 Expression of IRX14 was detected specifically in the seed coat epidermal cells, reaching peak expression at 13 days post-anthesis (DPA) when the accumulation of mucilage polysaccharides has ceased. 26834178 3 32 located detected 487:494 arg2 Expression 463:472 Expression 463:472 Expression of IRX14 463:481 Expression of IRX14 was detected specifically in the seed coat epidermal cells, reaching peak expression at 13 days post-anthesis (DPA) when the accumulation of mucilage polysaccharides has ceased. 26834178 0 33 theme Irregular 21:29 arg1 Xylem 31:35 Irregular Xylem 14 21:38 Irregular Xylem 14 (IRX14) 21:46 Xylan synthesized by Irregular Xylem 14 (IRX14) maintains the structure of seed coat mucilage in Arabidopsis. 26834178 0 33 theme Irregular 21:29 arg1 IRX14 41:45 IRX14 41:45 IRX14 41:45 Xylan synthesized by Irregular Xylem 14 (IRX14) maintains the structure of seed coat mucilage in Arabidopsis. 26834178 7 34 theme components 1308:1317 arg1 loss 1279:1282 a loss 1277:1282 a loss of the larger polymeric components 1277:1317 The macromolecular characteristics of the water-soluble mucilage were modified in irx14-1 with a loss of the larger polymeric components. 26834178 4 35 theme seed 687:690 arg1 coat 692:695 the irx14-1 seed coat 675:695 the irx14-1 seed coat 675:695 Sectioning of the irx14-1 seed coat revealed no visible structural change in mucilage secretory cell morphology. 26834178 9 36 theme crystalline 1544:1554 arg1 Meanwhile 1529:1537 Meanwhile 1529:1537 Meanwhile 1529:1537 Meanwhile, the crystalline cellulose content was reduced in the irx14-1 mucilage. 26834178 9 36 theme crystalline 1544:1554 arg1 content 1566:1572 the crystalline cellulose content 1540:1572 the crystalline cellulose content 1540:1572 Meanwhile, the crystalline cellulose content was reduced in the irx14-1 mucilage. 26834178 6 37 theme water-soluble 1124:1136 arg1 mucilage 1151:1158 irx14-1 water-soluble and adherent mucilage 1116:1158 irx14-1 water-soluble and adherent mucilage 1116:1158 The monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that xylose content was significantly reduced in irx14-1 water-soluble and adherent mucilage compared with the WT. 26834178 0 38 from structure 62:70 arg1 Arabidopsis 97:107 Arabidopsis 97:107 Arabidopsis 97:107 Xylan synthesized by Irregular Xylem 14 (IRX14) maintains the structure of seed coat mucilage in Arabidopsis. 26834178 4 39 theme irx14-1 679:685 arg1 coat 692:695 the irx14-1 seed coat 675:695 the irx14-1 seed coat 675:695 Sectioning of the irx14-1 seed coat revealed no visible structural change in mucilage secretory cell morphology. 26834178 8 40 theme specific 1410:1417 arg1 antibodies 1399:1408 antibodies 1399:1408 antibodies specific for rhamnogalacturonan I (RG I) and xylan 1399:1459 In accordance, glycome profiling and dot immunoblotting of seed mucilage using antibodies specific for rhamnogalacturonan I (RG I) and xylan confirmed the ultra-structural alterations in the irx14-1 mucilage. 26834178 10 41 theme mucilage 1752:1759 arg1 architecture 1761:1772 mucilage architecture 1752:1772 mucilage architecture 1752:1772 These results demonstrated that IRX14 was required for the biosynthesis of seed mucilage xylan, which plays an essential role in maintaining mucilage architecture potentially through altering the crystallization and organization of cellulose. 26834178 5 42 theme water-soluble 997:1009 arg1 layer 1011:1015 the water-soluble layer 993:1015 the water-soluble layer 993:1015 Although the total amount of mucilage was comparable with the wild type (WT), the partition between water-soluble and adherent layers was significantly altered in irx14-1, with redistribution from the adherent layer to the water-soluble layer. 26834178 4 43 theme cell 757:760 arg1 morphology 762:771 mucilage secretory cell morphology 738:771 mucilage secretory cell morphology 738:771 Sectioning of the irx14-1 seed coat revealed no visible structural change in mucilage secretory cell morphology. 26834178 5 44 theme total 787:791 arg1 mucilage 803:810 mucilage 803:810 mucilage 803:810 Although the total amount of mucilage was comparable with the wild type (WT), the partition between water-soluble and adherent layers was significantly altered in irx14-1, with redistribution from the adherent layer to the water-soluble layer. 26834178 5 44 theme total 787:791 arg1 amount 793:798 the total amount 783:798 the total amount of mucilage 783:810 Although the total amount of mucilage was comparable with the wild type (WT), the partition between water-soluble and adherent layers was significantly altered in irx14-1, with redistribution from the adherent layer to the water-soluble layer. 26834178 5 44 theme total 787:791 arg1 comparable 816:825 comparable 816:825 comparable 816:825 Although the total amount of mucilage was comparable with the wild type (WT), the partition between water-soluble and adherent layers was significantly altered in irx14-1, with redistribution from the adherent layer to the water-soluble layer. 26834178 2 45 theme cohesiveness 411:422 arg1 defect 424:429 a mucilage cohesiveness defect 400:429 a mucilage cohesiveness defect due to a reduced xylan content 400:460 In this study, we showed that mutation in Irregular Xylem 14 (IRX14) led to a mucilage cohesiveness defect due to a reduced xylan content. 26834178 4 46 theme secretory 747:755 arg1 morphology 762:771 mucilage secretory cell morphology 738:771 mucilage secretory cell morphology 738:771 Sectioning of the irx14-1 seed coat revealed no visible structural change in mucilage secretory cell morphology. 26834178 1 47 theme large 199:203 arg1 quantities 205:214 large quantities 199:214 large quantities of pectinaceous mucilage 199:239 During differentiation, the Arabidopsis seed coat epidermal cells synthesize and secrete large quantities of pectinaceous mucilage into the apoplast, which is then released to encapsulate the seed upon imbibition. 26834178 2 48 theme mucilage 402:409 arg1 defect 424:429 a mucilage cohesiveness defect 400:429 a mucilage cohesiveness defect due to a reduced xylan content 400:460 In this study, we showed that mutation in Irregular Xylem 14 (IRX14) led to a mucilage cohesiveness defect due to a reduced xylan content. 26834178 3 49 theme days 574:577 arg1 post-anthesis 579:591 13 days post-anthesis 571:591 13 days post-anthesis (DPA) 571:597 Expression of IRX14 was detected specifically in the seed coat epidermal cells, reaching peak expression at 13 days post-anthesis (DPA) when the accumulation of mucilage polysaccharides has ceased. 26834178 3 49 theme days 574:577 arg1 DPA 594:596 DPA 594:596 DPA 594:596 Expression of IRX14 was detected specifically in the seed coat epidermal cells, reaching peak expression at 13 days post-anthesis (DPA) when the accumulation of mucilage polysaccharides has ceased. 26834178 3 50 theme coat 521:524 arg1 cells 536:540 the seed coat epidermal cells 512:540 the seed coat epidermal cells 512:540 Expression of IRX14 was detected specifically in the seed coat epidermal cells, reaching peak expression at 13 days post-anthesis (DPA) when the accumulation of mucilage polysaccharides has ceased. 26834178 10 51 theme mucilage 1691:1698 arg1 xylan 1700:1704 seed mucilage xylan 1686:1704 seed mucilage xylan 1686:1704 These results demonstrated that IRX14 was required for the biosynthesis of seed mucilage xylan, which plays an essential role in maintaining mucilage architecture potentially through altering the crystallization and organization of cellulose. 26834178 8 52 from alterations 1492:1502 arg1 mucilage 1519:1526 the irx14-1 mucilage 1507:1526 the irx14-1 mucilage 1507:1526 In accordance, glycome profiling and dot immunoblotting of seed mucilage using antibodies specific for rhamnogalacturonan I (RG I) and xylan confirmed the ultra-structural alterations in the irx14-1 mucilage. 26834178 5 53 with comparable 816:825 arg1 WT 847:848 WT 847:848 WT 847:848 Although the total amount of mucilage was comparable with the wild type (WT), the partition between water-soluble and adherent layers was significantly altered in irx14-1, with redistribution from the adherent layer to the water-soluble layer. 26834178 5 53 with comparable 816:825 arg1 type 841:844 the wild type 832:844 the wild type (WT) 832:849 Although the total amount of mucilage was comparable with the wild type (WT), the partition between water-soluble and adherent layers was significantly altered in irx14-1, with redistribution from the adherent layer to the water-soluble layer. 26834178 3 54 theme epidermal 526:534 arg1 cells 536:540 the seed coat epidermal cells 512:540 the seed coat epidermal cells 512:540 Expression of IRX14 was detected specifically in the seed coat epidermal cells, reaching peak expression at 13 days post-anthesis (DPA) when the accumulation of mucilage polysaccharides has ceased. 26834178 7 55 theme polymeric 1298:1306 arg1 components 1308:1317 the larger polymeric components 1287:1317 the larger polymeric components 1287:1317 The macromolecular characteristics of the water-soluble mucilage were modified in irx14-1 with a loss of the larger polymeric components. 26834178 6 56 theme xylose 1072:1077 arg1 content 1079:1085 xylose content 1072:1085 xylose content 1072:1085 The monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that xylose content was significantly reduced in irx14-1 water-soluble and adherent mucilage compared with the WT. 26834178 7 57 theme water-soluble 1224:1236 arg1 mucilage 1238:1245 the water-soluble mucilage 1220:1245 the water-soluble mucilage 1220:1245 The macromolecular characteristics of the water-soluble mucilage were modified in irx14-1 with a loss of the larger polymeric components. 26834178 5 58 theme adherent 975:982 arg1 layer 984:988 the adherent layer 971:988 the adherent layer 971:988 Although the total amount of mucilage was comparable with the wild type (WT), the partition between water-soluble and adherent layers was significantly altered in irx14-1, with redistribution from the adherent layer to the water-soluble layer. 26834178 9 59 theme irx14-1 1593:1599 arg1 mucilage 1601:1608 the irx14-1 mucilage 1589:1608 the irx14-1 mucilage 1589:1608 Meanwhile, the crystalline cellulose content was reduced in the irx14-1 mucilage. 26834178 2 60 from mutation 354:361 arg1 Xylem 376:380 Irregular Xylem 14 366:383 Irregular Xylem 14 (IRX14) 366:391 In this study, we showed that mutation in Irregular Xylem 14 (IRX14) led to a mucilage cohesiveness defect due to a reduced xylan content. 26834178 2 60 from mutation 354:361 arg1 IRX14 386:390 IRX14 386:390 IRX14 386:390 In this study, we showed that mutation in Irregular Xylem 14 (IRX14) led to a mucilage cohesiveness defect due to a reduced xylan content. 26834178 7 61 theme mucilage 1238:1245 arg1 characteristics 1201:1215 The macromolecular characteristics 1182:1215 The macromolecular characteristics of the water-soluble mucilage 1182:1245 The macromolecular characteristics of the water-soluble mucilage were modified in irx14-1 with a loss of the larger polymeric components. 26834178 9 62 theme cellulose 1556:1564 arg1 Meanwhile 1529:1537 Meanwhile 1529:1537 Meanwhile 1529:1537 Meanwhile, the crystalline cellulose content was reduced in the irx14-1 mucilage. 26834178 9 62 theme cellulose 1556:1564 arg1 content 1566:1572 the crystalline cellulose content 1540:1572 the crystalline cellulose content 1540:1572 Meanwhile, the crystalline cellulose content was reduced in the irx14-1 mucilage. 26834178 6 63 theme irx14-1 1116:1122 arg1 mucilage 1151:1158 irx14-1 water-soluble and adherent mucilage 1116:1158 irx14-1 water-soluble and adherent mucilage 1116:1158 The monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that xylose content was significantly reduced in irx14-1 water-soluble and adherent mucilage compared with the WT. 26834178 8 64 theme rhamnogalacturonan 1423:1440 arg1 I 1442:1442 rhamnogalacturonan I 1423:1442 rhamnogalacturonan I (RG I) 1423:1449 In accordance, glycome profiling and dot immunoblotting of seed mucilage using antibodies specific for rhamnogalacturonan I (RG I) and xylan confirmed the ultra-structural alterations in the irx14-1 mucilage. 26834178 8 64 theme rhamnogalacturonan 1423:1440 arg1 I 1448:1448 RG I 1445:1448 RG I 1445:1448 In accordance, glycome profiling and dot immunoblotting of seed mucilage using antibodies specific for rhamnogalacturonan I (RG I) and xylan confirmed the ultra-structural alterations in the irx14-1 mucilage. 26834178 4 65 theme structural 717:726 arg1 change 728:733 no visible structural change 706:733 no visible structural change in mucilage secretory cell morphology 706:771 Sectioning of the irx14-1 seed coat revealed no visible structural change in mucilage secretory cell morphology. 26834178 7 66 mod modified 1252:1259 arg1 characteristics 1201:1215 The macromolecular characteristics 1182:1215 The macromolecular characteristics of the water-soluble mucilage 1182:1245 The macromolecular characteristics of the water-soluble mucilage were modified in irx14-1 with a loss of the larger polymeric components. 26834178 7 66 mod modified 1252:1259 arg3 loss 1279:1282 a loss 1277:1282 a loss of the larger polymeric components 1277:1317 The macromolecular characteristics of the water-soluble mucilage were modified in irx14-1 with a loss of the larger polymeric components. 26834178 10 67 dep crystallization 1807:1821 arg1 the 1803:1805 the 1803:1805 the 1803:1805 These results demonstrated that IRX14 was required for the biosynthesis of seed mucilage xylan, which plays an essential role in maintaining mucilage architecture potentially through altering the crystallization and organization of cellulose. 26834178 2 68 theme reduced 440:446 arg1 content 454:460 a reduced xylan content 438:460 a reduced xylan content 438:460 In this study, we showed that mutation in Irregular Xylem 14 (IRX14) led to a mucilage cohesiveness defect due to a reduced xylan content. 26834178 2 69 theme Irregular 366:374 arg1 Xylem 376:380 Irregular Xylem 14 366:383 Irregular Xylem 14 (IRX14) 366:391 In this study, we showed that mutation in Irregular Xylem 14 (IRX14) led to a mucilage cohesiveness defect due to a reduced xylan content. 26834178 2 69 theme Irregular 366:374 arg1 IRX14 386:390 IRX14 386:390 IRX14 386:390 In this study, we showed that mutation in Irregular Xylem 14 (IRX14) led to a mucilage cohesiveness defect due to a reduced xylan content. 26834178 4 70 theme mucilage 738:745 arg1 morphology 762:771 mucilage secretory cell morphology 738:771 mucilage secretory cell morphology 738:771 Sectioning of the irx14-1 seed coat revealed no visible structural change in mucilage secretory cell morphology. 26834178 5 71 theme mucilage 803:810 arg1 mucilage 803:810 mucilage 803:810 mucilage 803:810 Although the total amount of mucilage was comparable with the wild type (WT), the partition between water-soluble and adherent layers was significantly altered in irx14-1, with redistribution from the adherent layer to the water-soluble layer. 26834178 5 71 theme mucilage 803:810 arg1 amount 793:798 the total amount 783:798 the total amount of mucilage 783:810 Although the total amount of mucilage was comparable with the wild type (WT), the partition between water-soluble and adherent layers was significantly altered in irx14-1, with redistribution from the adherent layer to the water-soluble layer. 26834178 5 71 theme mucilage 803:810 arg1 comparable 816:825 comparable 816:825 comparable 816:825 Although the total amount of mucilage was comparable with the wild type (WT), the partition between water-soluble and adherent layers was significantly altered in irx14-1, with redistribution from the adherent layer to the water-soluble layer. 26834178 1 72 theme pectinaceous 219:230 arg1 mucilage 232:239 pectinaceous mucilage 219:239 pectinaceous mucilage 219:239 During differentiation, the Arabidopsis seed coat epidermal cells synthesize and secrete large quantities of pectinaceous mucilage into the apoplast, which is then released to encapsulate the seed upon imbibition. 26834178 7 73 theme macromolecular 1186:1199 arg1 characteristics 1201:1215 The macromolecular characteristics 1182:1215 The macromolecular characteristics of the water-soluble mucilage 1182:1245 The macromolecular characteristics of the water-soluble mucilage were modified in irx14-1 with a loss of the larger polymeric components. 26834178 3 74 theme mucilage 624:631 arg1 polysaccharides 633:647 mucilage polysaccharides 624:647 mucilage polysaccharides 624:647 Expression of IRX14 was detected specifically in the seed coat epidermal cells, reaching peak expression at 13 days post-anthesis (DPA) when the accumulation of mucilage polysaccharides has ceased. 26834178 3 75 theme peak 552:555 arg1 expression 557:566 peak expression 552:566 peak expression 552:566 Expression of IRX14 was detected specifically in the seed coat epidermal cells, reaching peak expression at 13 days post-anthesis (DPA) when the accumulation of mucilage polysaccharides has ceased. 26834178 4 76 from change 728:733 arg1 morphology 762:771 mucilage secretory cell morphology 738:771 mucilage secretory cell morphology 738:771 Sectioning of the irx14-1 seed coat revealed no visible structural change in mucilage secretory cell morphology. 26834178 6 77 theme composition 1037:1047 arg1 analysis 1049:1056 The monosaccharide composition analysis 1018:1056 The monosaccharide composition analysis 1018:1056 The monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that xylose content was significantly reduced in irx14-1 water-soluble and adherent mucilage compared with the WT. 26834178 1 78 theme mucilage 232:239 arg1 quantities 205:214 large quantities 199:214 large quantities of pectinaceous mucilage 199:239 During differentiation, the Arabidopsis seed coat epidermal cells synthesize and secrete large quantities of pectinaceous mucilage into the apoplast, which is then released to encapsulate the seed upon imbibition. 29279104 6 0 from NMR 781:783 arg1 analysis 758:765 the analysis 754:765 the analysis from FTIR, 1H NMR, TGA and zeta potential 754:807 Based on the analysis from FTIR, 1H NMR, TGA and zeta potential, the adsorption mechanism could be explained by the synergistic effect of electrostatic attraction of amino groups from chitosan and host-guest interaction from β-cyclodextrin. 29279104 0 1 theme Adsorption 87:96 arg1 performance 98:108 Adsorption performance 87:108 Adsorption performance 87:108 Cross-linked chitosan/β-cyclodextrin composite for selective removal of methyl orange: Adsorption performance and mechanism. 29279104 4 2 theme thermodynamic 555:567 arg1 parameters 569:578 The thermodynamic parameters 551:578 The thermodynamic parameters 551:578 The thermodynamic parameters suggested that the adsorption was exothermic and spontaneous. 29279104 5 3 theme adsorption 656:665 arg1 conditions 667:676 optimal adsorption conditions 648:676 optimal adsorption conditions 648:676 Under optimal adsorption conditions, the capacity for MO reached 392mg/g with the dosage of 10mg/50mL. 29279104 0 4 dep composite 37:45 arg1 mechanism 114:122 mechanism 114:122 mechanism 114:122 Cross-linked chitosan/β-cyclodextrin composite for selective removal of methyl orange: Adsorption performance and mechanism. 29279104 0 4 dep composite 37:45 arg1 performance 98:108 Adsorption performance 87:108 Adsorption performance 87:108 Cross-linked chitosan/β-cyclodextrin composite for selective removal of methyl orange: Adsorption performance and mechanism. 29279104 3 5 theme kinetic 402:408 arg1 behavior 410:417 The kinetic behavior 398:417 The kinetic behavior 398:417 The kinetic behavior was well fitted by the pseudo-second order model, while the adsorption process at equilibrium followed the Langmuir isotherm model. 29279104 7 6 link cross-linked 1078:1089 arg1 polymer 1115:1121 cross-linked chitosan/β-cyclodextrin polymer 1078:1121 cross-linked chitosan/β-cyclodextrin polymer that are complementary to that of MO molecule 1078:1167 This adsorbent also demonstrated high selectivity towards MO due to the unique structure of cross-linked chitosan/β-cyclodextrin polymer that are complementary to that of MO molecule. 29279104 2 7 theme selective 335:343 arg1 removal 345:351 selective removal 335:351 selective removal of methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution 335:395 The adsorption performance of the synthetic polymer was investigated for selective removal of methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution. 29279104 6 8 from chitosan 929:936 arg1 effect 873:878 the synergistic effect 857:878 the synergistic effect of electrostatic attraction of amino groups from chitosan and host-guest interaction from β-cyclodextrin 857:983 Based on the analysis from FTIR, 1H NMR, TGA and zeta potential, the adsorption mechanism could be explained by the synergistic effect of electrostatic attraction of amino groups from chitosan and host-guest interaction from β-cyclodextrin. 29279104 6 8 from chitosan 929:936 arg1 attraction 897:906 electrostatic attraction 883:906 electrostatic attraction of amino groups from chitosan and host-guest interaction from β-cyclodextrin 883:983 Based on the analysis from FTIR, 1H NMR, TGA and zeta potential, the adsorption mechanism could be explained by the synergistic effect of electrostatic attraction of amino groups from chitosan and host-guest interaction from β-cyclodextrin. 29279104 1 9 theme complex 127:133 arg1 polymer 159:165 A complex chitosan/β-cyclodextrin polymer 125:165 A complex chitosan/β-cyclodextrin polymer 125:165 A complex chitosan/β-cyclodextrin polymer was synthesized by bridging with maleoyl chains followed by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. 29279104 0 10 link Cross-linked 0:11 arg1 composite 37:45 Cross-linked chitosan/β-cyclodextrin composite 0:45 Cross-linked chitosan/β-cyclodextrin composite for selective removal of methyl orange: Adsorption performance and mechanism. 0:123 Cross-linked chitosan/β-cyclodextrin composite for selective removal of methyl orange: Adsorption performance and mechanism. 29279104 1 11 theme maleoyl 200:206 arg1 chains 208:213 maleoyl chains 200:213 maleoyl chains followed by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde 200:259 A complex chitosan/β-cyclodextrin polymer was synthesized by bridging with maleoyl chains followed by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. 29279104 6 12 theme groups 917:922 arg1 attraction 897:906 electrostatic attraction 883:906 electrostatic attraction of amino groups from chitosan and host-guest interaction from β-cyclodextrin 883:983 Based on the analysis from FTIR, 1H NMR, TGA and zeta potential, the adsorption mechanism could be explained by the synergistic effect of electrostatic attraction of amino groups from chitosan and host-guest interaction from β-cyclodextrin. 29279104 6 13 theme adsorption 814:823 arg1 mechanism 825:833 the adsorption mechanism 810:833 the adsorption mechanism 810:833 Based on the analysis from FTIR, 1H NMR, TGA and zeta potential, the adsorption mechanism could be explained by the synergistic effect of electrostatic attraction of amino groups from chitosan and host-guest interaction from β-cyclodextrin. 29279104 0 14 theme chitosan/β-cyclodextrin 13:35 arg1 composite 37:45 Cross-linked chitosan/β-cyclodextrin composite 0:45 Cross-linked chitosan/β-cyclodextrin composite for selective removal of methyl orange: Adsorption performance and mechanism. 0:123 Cross-linked chitosan/β-cyclodextrin composite for selective removal of methyl orange: Adsorption performance and mechanism. 29279104 6 15 theme amino 911:915 arg1 groups 917:922 amino groups 911:922 amino groups 911:922 Based on the analysis from FTIR, 1H NMR, TGA and zeta potential, the adsorption mechanism could be explained by the synergistic effect of electrostatic attraction of amino groups from chitosan and host-guest interaction from β-cyclodextrin. 29279104 2 16 from solution 388:395 arg1 removal 345:351 selective removal 335:351 selective removal of methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution 335:395 The adsorption performance of the synthetic polymer was investigated for selective removal of methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution. 29279104 6 17 from β-cyclodextrin 970:983 arg1 chitosan 929:936 chitosan 929:936 chitosan 929:936 Based on the analysis from FTIR, 1H NMR, TGA and zeta potential, the adsorption mechanism could be explained by the synergistic effect of electrostatic attraction of amino groups from chitosan and host-guest interaction from β-cyclodextrin. 29279104 6 18 from TGA 786:788 arg1 analysis 758:765 the analysis 754:765 the analysis from FTIR, 1H NMR, TGA and zeta potential 754:807 Based on the analysis from FTIR, 1H NMR, TGA and zeta potential, the adsorption mechanism could be explained by the synergistic effect of electrostatic attraction of amino groups from chitosan and host-guest interaction from β-cyclodextrin. 29279104 0 19 theme Cross-linked 0:11 arg1 composite 37:45 Cross-linked chitosan/β-cyclodextrin composite 0:45 Cross-linked chitosan/β-cyclodextrin composite for selective removal of methyl orange: Adsorption performance and mechanism. 0:123 Cross-linked chitosan/β-cyclodextrin composite for selective removal of methyl orange: Adsorption performance and mechanism. 29279104 7 20 theme MO 1157:1158 arg1 molecule 1160:1167 MO molecule 1157:1167 MO molecule 1157:1167 This adsorbent also demonstrated high selectivity towards MO due to the unique structure of cross-linked chitosan/β-cyclodextrin polymer that are complementary to that of MO molecule. 29279104 2 21 theme orange 363:368 arg1 removal 345:351 selective removal 335:351 selective removal of methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution 335:395 The adsorption performance of the synthetic polymer was investigated for selective removal of methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution. 29279104 6 22 from effect 873:878 arg1 host-guest 942:951 host-guest 942:951 host-guest 942:951 Based on the analysis from FTIR, 1H NMR, TGA and zeta potential, the adsorption mechanism could be explained by the synergistic effect of electrostatic attraction of amino groups from chitosan and host-guest interaction from β-cyclodextrin. 29279104 6 22 from effect 873:878 arg1 chitosan 929:936 chitosan 929:936 chitosan 929:936 Based on the analysis from FTIR, 1H NMR, TGA and zeta potential, the adsorption mechanism could be explained by the synergistic effect of electrostatic attraction of amino groups from chitosan and host-guest interaction from β-cyclodextrin. 29279104 5 23 theme optimal 648:654 arg1 conditions 667:676 optimal adsorption conditions 648:676 optimal adsorption conditions 648:676 Under optimal adsorption conditions, the capacity for MO reached 392mg/g with the dosage of 10mg/50mL. 29279104 2 24 theme methyl 356:361 arg1 MO 371:372 MO 371:372 MO 371:372 The adsorption performance of the synthetic polymer was investigated for selective removal of methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution. 29279104 2 24 theme methyl 356:361 arg1 orange 363:368 methyl orange 356:368 methyl orange (MO) 356:373 The adsorption performance of the synthetic polymer was investigated for selective removal of methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution. 29279104 7 25 theme high 1019:1022 arg1 selectivity 1024:1034 high selectivity 1019:1034 high selectivity towards MO due to the unique structure of cross-linked chitosan/β-cyclodextrin polymer that are complementary to that of MO molecule 1019:1167 This adsorbent also demonstrated high selectivity towards MO due to the unique structure of cross-linked chitosan/β-cyclodextrin polymer that are complementary to that of MO molecule. 29279104 6 26 from potential 799:807 arg1 analysis 758:765 the analysis 754:765 the analysis from FTIR, 1H NMR, TGA and zeta potential 754:807 Based on the analysis from FTIR, 1H NMR, TGA and zeta potential, the adsorption mechanism could be explained by the synergistic effect of electrostatic attraction of amino groups from chitosan and host-guest interaction from β-cyclodextrin. 29279104 3 27 theme pseudo-second 442:454 arg1 model 462:466 the pseudo-second order model 438:466 the pseudo-second order model 438:466 The kinetic behavior was well fitted by the pseudo-second order model, while the adsorption process at equilibrium followed the Langmuir isotherm model. 29279104 3 28 theme isotherm 535:542 arg1 model 544:548 the Langmuir isotherm model 522:548 the Langmuir isotherm model 522:548 The kinetic behavior was well fitted by the pseudo-second order model, while the adsorption process at equilibrium followed the Langmuir isotherm model. 29279104 1 29 with cross-linking 227:239 arg1 glutaraldehyde 246:259 glutaraldehyde 246:259 glutaraldehyde 246:259 A complex chitosan/β-cyclodextrin polymer was synthesized by bridging with maleoyl chains followed by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. 29279104 6 30 theme attraction 897:906 arg1 effect 873:878 the synergistic effect 857:878 the synergistic effect of electrostatic attraction of amino groups from chitosan and host-guest interaction from β-cyclodextrin 857:983 Based on the analysis from FTIR, 1H NMR, TGA and zeta potential, the adsorption mechanism could be explained by the synergistic effect of electrostatic attraction of amino groups from chitosan and host-guest interaction from β-cyclodextrin. 29279104 3 31 theme adsorption 479:488 arg1 process 490:496 the adsorption process 475:496 the adsorption process at equilibrium 475:511 The kinetic behavior was well fitted by the pseudo-second order model, while the adsorption process at equilibrium followed the Langmuir isotherm model. 29279104 0 32 theme selective 51:59 arg1 removal 61:67 selective removal 51:67 selective removal of methyl orange 51:84 Cross-linked chitosan/β-cyclodextrin composite for selective removal of methyl orange: Adsorption performance and mechanism. 29279104 3 33 theme order 456:460 arg1 model 462:466 the pseudo-second order model 438:466 the pseudo-second order model 438:466 The kinetic behavior was well fitted by the pseudo-second order model, while the adsorption process at equilibrium followed the Langmuir isotherm model. 29279104 6 34 theme electrostatic 883:895 arg1 attraction 897:906 electrostatic attraction 883:906 electrostatic attraction of amino groups from chitosan and host-guest interaction from β-cyclodextrin 883:983 Based on the analysis from FTIR, 1H NMR, TGA and zeta potential, the adsorption mechanism could be explained by the synergistic effect of electrostatic attraction of amino groups from chitosan and host-guest interaction from β-cyclodextrin. 29279104 6 35 theme zeta 794:797 arg1 potential 799:807 zeta potential 794:807 zeta potential 794:807 Based on the analysis from FTIR, 1H NMR, TGA and zeta potential, the adsorption mechanism could be explained by the synergistic effect of electrostatic attraction of amino groups from chitosan and host-guest interaction from β-cyclodextrin. 29279104 0 36 theme methyl 72:77 arg1 orange 79:84 methyl orange 72:84 methyl orange 72:84 Cross-linked chitosan/β-cyclodextrin composite for selective removal of methyl orange: Adsorption performance and mechanism. 29279104 7 37 theme polymer 1115:1121 arg1 structure 1065:1073 the unique structure 1054:1073 the unique structure of cross-linked chitosan/β-cyclodextrin polymer that are complementary to that of MO molecule 1054:1167 This adsorbent also demonstrated high selectivity towards MO due to the unique structure of cross-linked chitosan/β-cyclodextrin polymer that are complementary to that of MO molecule. 29279104 2 38 theme adsorption 266:275 arg1 performance 277:287 The adsorption performance 262:287 The adsorption performance of the synthetic polymer 262:312 The adsorption performance of the synthetic polymer was investigated for selective removal of methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution. 29279104 3 39 theme Langmuir 526:533 arg1 model 544:548 the Langmuir isotherm model 522:548 the Langmuir isotherm model 522:548 The kinetic behavior was well fitted by the pseudo-second order model, while the adsorption process at equilibrium followed the Langmuir isotherm model. 29279104 5 40 theme 10mg/50mL 734:742 arg1 dosage 724:729 the dosage 720:729 the dosage of 10mg/50mL 720:742 Under optimal adsorption conditions, the capacity for MO reached 392mg/g with the dosage of 10mg/50mL. 29279104 1 41 theme chitosan/β-cyclodextrin 135:157 arg1 polymer 159:165 A complex chitosan/β-cyclodextrin polymer 125:165 A complex chitosan/β-cyclodextrin polymer 125:165 A complex chitosan/β-cyclodextrin polymer was synthesized by bridging with maleoyl chains followed by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. 29279104 2 42 theme aqueous 380:386 arg1 solution 388:395 aqueous solution 380:395 aqueous solution 380:395 The adsorption performance of the synthetic polymer was investigated for selective removal of methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution. 29279104 7 43 theme cross-linked 1078:1089 arg1 polymer 1115:1121 cross-linked chitosan/β-cyclodextrin polymer 1078:1121 cross-linked chitosan/β-cyclodextrin polymer that are complementary to that of MO molecule 1078:1167 This adsorbent also demonstrated high selectivity towards MO due to the unique structure of cross-linked chitosan/β-cyclodextrin polymer that are complementary to that of MO molecule. 29279104 6 44 theme synergistic 861:871 arg1 effect 873:878 the synergistic effect 857:878 the synergistic effect of electrostatic attraction of amino groups from chitosan and host-guest interaction from β-cyclodextrin 857:983 Based on the analysis from FTIR, 1H NMR, TGA and zeta potential, the adsorption mechanism could be explained by the synergistic effect of electrostatic attraction of amino groups from chitosan and host-guest interaction from β-cyclodextrin. 29279104 3 45 from equilibrium 501:511 arg1 process 490:496 the adsorption process 475:496 the adsorption process at equilibrium 475:511 The kinetic behavior was well fitted by the pseudo-second order model, while the adsorption process at equilibrium followed the Langmuir isotherm model. 29279104 7 46 theme chitosan/β-cyclodextrin 1091:1113 arg1 polymer 1115:1121 cross-linked chitosan/β-cyclodextrin polymer 1078:1121 cross-linked chitosan/β-cyclodextrin polymer that are complementary to that of MO molecule 1078:1167 This adsorbent also demonstrated high selectivity towards MO due to the unique structure of cross-linked chitosan/β-cyclodextrin polymer that are complementary to that of MO molecule. 29279104 2 47 theme polymer 306:312 arg1 performance 277:287 The adsorption performance 262:287 The adsorption performance of the synthetic polymer 262:312 The adsorption performance of the synthetic polymer was investigated for selective removal of methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution. 29279104 7 48 theme due 1047:1049 arg1 selectivity 1024:1034 high selectivity 1019:1034 high selectivity towards MO due to the unique structure of cross-linked chitosan/β-cyclodextrin polymer that are complementary to that of MO molecule 1019:1167 This adsorbent also demonstrated high selectivity towards MO due to the unique structure of cross-linked chitosan/β-cyclodextrin polymer that are complementary to that of MO molecule. 29279104 6 49 from host-guest 942:951 arg1 effect 873:878 the synergistic effect 857:878 the synergistic effect of electrostatic attraction of amino groups from chitosan and host-guest interaction from β-cyclodextrin 857:983 Based on the analysis from FTIR, 1H NMR, TGA and zeta potential, the adsorption mechanism could be explained by the synergistic effect of electrostatic attraction of amino groups from chitosan and host-guest interaction from β-cyclodextrin. 29279104 6 49 from host-guest 942:951 arg1 attraction 897:906 electrostatic attraction 883:906 electrostatic attraction of amino groups from chitosan and host-guest interaction from β-cyclodextrin 883:983 Based on the analysis from FTIR, 1H NMR, TGA and zeta potential, the adsorption mechanism could be explained by the synergistic effect of electrostatic attraction of amino groups from chitosan and host-guest interaction from β-cyclodextrin. 29279104 7 50 theme unique 1058:1063 arg1 structure 1065:1073 the unique structure 1054:1073 the unique structure of cross-linked chitosan/β-cyclodextrin polymer that are complementary to that of MO molecule 1054:1167 This adsorbent also demonstrated high selectivity towards MO due to the unique structure of cross-linked chitosan/β-cyclodextrin polymer that are complementary to that of MO molecule. 29279104 2 51 theme synthetic 296:304 arg1 polymer 306:312 the synthetic polymer 292:312 the synthetic polymer 292:312 The adsorption performance of the synthetic polymer was investigated for selective removal of methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution. 29279104 6 52 theme 1H 778:779 arg1 NMR 781:783 1H NMR 778:783 1H NMR 778:783 Based on the analysis from FTIR, 1H NMR, TGA and zeta potential, the adsorption mechanism could be explained by the synergistic effect of electrostatic attraction of amino groups from chitosan and host-guest interaction from β-cyclodextrin. 29279104 6 53 dep chitosan 929:936 arg1 interaction 953:963 interaction 953:963 interaction 953:963 Based on the analysis from FTIR, 1H NMR, TGA and zeta potential, the adsorption mechanism could be explained by the synergistic effect of electrostatic attraction of amino groups from chitosan and host-guest interaction from β-cyclodextrin. 29279104 0 54 theme orange 79:84 arg1 removal 61:67 selective removal 51:67 selective removal of methyl orange 51:84 Cross-linked chitosan/β-cyclodextrin composite for selective removal of methyl orange: Adsorption performance and mechanism. 29279104 6 55 from FTIR 772:775 arg1 analysis 758:765 the analysis 754:765 the analysis from FTIR, 1H NMR, TGA and zeta potential 754:807 Based on the analysis from FTIR, 1H NMR, TGA and zeta potential, the adsorption mechanism could be explained by the synergistic effect of electrostatic attraction of amino groups from chitosan and host-guest interaction from β-cyclodextrin. 26845479 0 0 theme cellulose 69:77 arg1 nanocrystals 79:90 cellulose nanocrystals 69:90 cellulose nanocrystals 69:90 Preparation and physical properties of tara gum film reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals. 26845479 4 1 theme content 514:520 arg1 effect 500:505 The effect 496:505 The effect of CNC content on physical and thermal properties of films 496:564 The effect of CNC content on physical and thermal properties of films was studied. 26845479 5 2 dep 6 796:796 arg1 to 793:794 to 793:794 to 793:794 The composite film tensile strength increased from 27.86 to 65.73 MPa, elastic modulus increased from 160.98 MPa to 882.49 MPa and the contact angle increased from 55.8° to 98.7° with increasing CNC content from 0 to 6 wt%. 26845479 5 3 theme film 593:596 arg1 strength 606:613 The composite film tensile strength 579:613 The composite film tensile strength 579:613 The composite film tensile strength increased from 27.86 to 65.73 MPa, elastic modulus increased from 160.98 MPa to 882.49 MPa and the contact angle increased from 55.8° to 98.7° with increasing CNC content from 0 to 6 wt%. 26845479 7 4 theme lowest 1073:1078 arg1 permeability 1087:1098 lowest oxygen permeability 1073:1098 lowest oxygen permeability 1073:1098 The nanocomposite film containing 6 wt% CNC possessed the highest light transmittance, mechanical properties, and lowest oxygen permeability. 26845479 4 5 theme CNC 510:512 arg1 content 514:520 CNC content 510:520 CNC content 510:520 The effect of CNC content on physical and thermal properties of films was studied. 26845479 5 6 theme elastic 650:656 arg1 modulus 658:664 elastic modulus 650:664 elastic modulus 650:664 The composite film tensile strength increased from 27.86 to 65.73 MPa, elastic modulus increased from 160.98 MPa to 882.49 MPa and the contact angle increased from 55.8° to 98.7° with increasing CNC content from 0 to 6 wt%. 26845479 5 7 theme tensile 598:604 arg1 strength 606:613 The composite film tensile strength 579:613 The composite film tensile strength 579:613 The composite film tensile strength increased from 27.86 to 65.73 MPa, elastic modulus increased from 160.98 MPa to 882.49 MPa and the contact angle increased from 55.8° to 98.7° with increasing CNC content from 0 to 6 wt%. 26845479 2 8 theme CNC 290:292 arg1 morphology 233:242 morphology 233:242 morphology 233:242 The morphology, crystallinity, and thermal properties of the CNC and films were evaluated by using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. 26845479 2 8 theme CNC 290:292 arg1 properties 272:281 thermal properties 264:281 thermal properties 264:281 The morphology, crystallinity, and thermal properties of the CNC and films were evaluated by using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. 26845479 2 8 theme CNC 290:292 arg1 crystallinity 245:257 crystallinity 245:257 crystallinity 245:257 The morphology, crystallinity, and thermal properties of the CNC and films were evaluated by using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. 26845479 5 9 theme contact 714:720 arg1 angle 722:726 the contact angle 710:726 the contact angle 710:726 The composite film tensile strength increased from 27.86 to 65.73 MPa, elastic modulus increased from 160.98 MPa to 882.49 MPa and the contact angle increased from 55.8° to 98.7° with increasing CNC content from 0 to 6 wt%. 26845479 4 10 from effect 500:505 arg1 properties 546:555 physical and thermal properties 525:555 physical and thermal properties of films 525:564 The effect of CNC content on physical and thermal properties of films was studied. 26845479 6 11 theme wt 890:891 arg1 % 892:892 6 wt% 888:892 6 wt% 888:892 However, CNC addition increased the thermal stability slightly and CNC content above 6 wt% decreased the tensile strength by CNC aggregation in the matrix. 26845479 7 12 contain containing 982:991 arg1 film 977:980 The nanocomposite film 959:980 The nanocomposite film containing 6 wt% CNC 959:1001 The nanocomposite film containing 6 wt% CNC possessed the highest light transmittance, mechanical properties, and lowest oxygen permeability. 26845479 7 12 contain containing 982:991 arg2 CNC 999:1001 6 wt% CNC 993:1001 6 wt% CNC 993:1001 The nanocomposite film containing 6 wt% CNC possessed the highest light transmittance, mechanical properties, and lowest oxygen permeability. 26845479 6 13 theme CNC 928:930 arg1 aggregation 932:942 CNC aggregation 928:942 CNC aggregation 928:942 However, CNC addition increased the thermal stability slightly and CNC content above 6 wt% decreased the tensile strength by CNC aggregation in the matrix. 26845479 1 14 theme gum 184:186 arg1 solution 188:195 tara gum solution 179:195 tara gum solution 179:195 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) prepared from microcrystalline cellulose were blended in tara gum solution to prepare nanocomposite films. 26845479 7 15 theme oxygen 1080:1085 arg1 permeability 1087:1098 lowest oxygen permeability 1073:1098 lowest oxygen permeability 1073:1098 The nanocomposite film containing 6 wt% CNC possessed the highest light transmittance, mechanical properties, and lowest oxygen permeability. 26845479 6 16 theme thermal 839:845 arg1 stability 847:855 the thermal stability 835:855 the thermal stability 835:855 However, CNC addition increased the thermal stability slightly and CNC content above 6 wt% decreased the tensile strength by CNC aggregation in the matrix. 26845479 8 17 theme gum 1150:1152 arg1 properties 1169:1178 tara gum matrix polymer properties 1145:1178 tara gum matrix polymer properties 1145:1178 CNC addition is a suitable method to modify tara gum matrix polymer properties. 26845479 8 18 theme suitable 1119:1126 arg1 addition 1105:1112 CNC addition 1101:1112 CNC addition 1101:1112 CNC addition is a suitable method to modify tara gum matrix polymer properties. 26845479 8 18 theme suitable 1119:1126 arg1 method 1128:1133 a suitable method 1117:1133 a suitable method to modify tara gum matrix polymer properties 1117:1178 CNC addition is a suitable method to modify tara gum matrix polymer properties. 26845479 1 19 theme tara 179:182 arg1 solution 188:195 tara gum solution 179:195 tara gum solution 179:195 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) prepared from microcrystalline cellulose were blended in tara gum solution to prepare nanocomposite films. 26845479 7 20 theme highest 1017:1023 arg1 transmittance 1031:1043 light transmittance 1025:1043 light transmittance 1025:1043 The nanocomposite film containing 6 wt% CNC possessed the highest light transmittance, mechanical properties, and lowest oxygen permeability. 26845479 3 21 theme resultant 434:442 arg1 rod-shaped 452:461 rod-shaped 452:461 rod-shaped 452:461 The resultant CNC was rod-shaped with diameters of around 8.6 nm. 26845479 3 21 theme resultant 434:442 arg1 CNC 444:446 The resultant CNC 430:446 The resultant CNC 430:446 The resultant CNC was rod-shaped with diameters of around 8.6 nm. 26845479 6 22 theme CNC 870:872 arg1 content 874:880 CNC content 870:880 CNC content above 6 wt% 870:892 However, CNC addition increased the thermal stability slightly and CNC content above 6 wt% decreased the tensile strength by CNC aggregation in the matrix. 26845479 7 23 theme light 1025:1029 arg1 transmittance 1031:1043 light transmittance 1025:1043 light transmittance 1025:1043 The nanocomposite film containing 6 wt% CNC possessed the highest light transmittance, mechanical properties, and lowest oxygen permeability. 26845479 1 24 theme Cellulose 93:101 arg1 CNC 117:119 CNC 117:119 CNC 117:119 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) prepared from microcrystalline cellulose were blended in tara gum solution to prepare nanocomposite films. 26845479 1 24 theme Cellulose 93:101 arg1 nanocrystals 103:114 Cellulose nanocrystals 93:114 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) prepared from microcrystalline cellulose 93:161 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) prepared from microcrystalline cellulose were blended in tara gum solution to prepare nanocomposite films. 26845479 8 25 theme matrix 1154:1159 arg1 properties 1169:1178 tara gum matrix polymer properties 1145:1178 tara gum matrix polymer properties 1145:1178 CNC addition is a suitable method to modify tara gum matrix polymer properties. 26845479 5 26 theme composite 583:591 arg1 strength 606:613 The composite film tensile strength 579:613 The composite film tensile strength 579:613 The composite film tensile strength increased from 27.86 to 65.73 MPa, elastic modulus increased from 160.98 MPa to 882.49 MPa and the contact angle increased from 55.8° to 98.7° with increasing CNC content from 0 to 6 wt%. 26845479 2 27 theme films 298:302 arg1 morphology 233:242 morphology 233:242 morphology 233:242 The morphology, crystallinity, and thermal properties of the CNC and films were evaluated by using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. 26845479 2 27 theme films 298:302 arg1 properties 272:281 thermal properties 264:281 thermal properties 264:281 The morphology, crystallinity, and thermal properties of the CNC and films were evaluated by using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. 26845479 2 27 theme films 298:302 arg1 crystallinity 245:257 crystallinity 245:257 crystallinity 245:257 The morphology, crystallinity, and thermal properties of the CNC and films were evaluated by using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. 26845479 5 28 theme wt 798:799 arg1 % 800:800 0 to 6 wt% 791:800 0 to 6 wt% 791:800 The composite film tensile strength increased from 27.86 to 65.73 MPa, elastic modulus increased from 160.98 MPa to 882.49 MPa and the contact angle increased from 55.8° to 98.7° with increasing CNC content from 0 to 6 wt%. 26845479 0 29 theme physical 16:23 arg1 properties 25:34 physical properties 16:34 physical properties 16:34 Preparation and physical properties of tara gum film reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals. 26845479 6 30 theme tensile 908:914 arg1 strength 916:923 the tensile strength 904:923 the tensile strength by CNC aggregation in the matrix 904:956 However, CNC addition increased the thermal stability slightly and CNC content above 6 wt% decreased the tensile strength by CNC aggregation in the matrix. 26845479 5 31 dep 98.7° 752:756 arg1 to 749:750 to 749:750 to 749:750 The composite film tensile strength increased from 27.86 to 65.73 MPa, elastic modulus increased from 160.98 MPa to 882.49 MPa and the contact angle increased from 55.8° to 98.7° with increasing CNC content from 0 to 6 wt%. 26845479 0 32 theme tara 39:42 arg1 film 48:51 tara gum film 39:51 tara gum film 39:51 Preparation and physical properties of tara gum film reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals. 26845479 4 33 theme films 560:564 arg1 properties 546:555 physical and thermal properties 525:555 physical and thermal properties of films 525:564 The effect of CNC content on physical and thermal properties of films was studied. 26845479 7 34 theme % 997:997 arg1 CNC 999:1001 6 wt% CNC 993:1001 6 wt% CNC 993:1001 The nanocomposite film containing 6 wt% CNC possessed the highest light transmittance, mechanical properties, and lowest oxygen permeability. 26845479 7 35 contain possessed 1003:1011 arg1 film 977:980 The nanocomposite film 959:980 The nanocomposite film containing 6 wt% CNC 959:1001 The nanocomposite film containing 6 wt% CNC possessed the highest light transmittance, mechanical properties, and lowest oxygen permeability. 26845479 7 35 contain possessed 1003:1011 arg2 transmittance 1031:1043 light transmittance 1025:1043 light transmittance 1025:1043 The nanocomposite film containing 6 wt% CNC possessed the highest light transmittance, mechanical properties, and lowest oxygen permeability. 26845479 7 35 contain possessed 1003:1011 arg2 properties 1057:1066 mechanical properties 1046:1066 mechanical properties 1046:1066 The nanocomposite film containing 6 wt% CNC possessed the highest light transmittance, mechanical properties, and lowest oxygen permeability. 26845479 7 35 contain possessed 1003:1011 arg2 permeability 1087:1098 lowest oxygen permeability 1073:1098 lowest oxygen permeability 1073:1098 The nanocomposite film containing 6 wt% CNC possessed the highest light transmittance, mechanical properties, and lowest oxygen permeability. 26845479 1 36 theme nanocomposite 208:220 arg1 films 222:226 nanocomposite films 208:226 nanocomposite films 208:226 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) prepared from microcrystalline cellulose were blended in tara gum solution to prepare nanocomposite films. 26845479 5 37 dep 65.73 639:643 arg1 to 636:637 to 636:637 to 636:637 The composite film tensile strength increased from 27.86 to 65.73 MPa, elastic modulus increased from 160.98 MPa to 882.49 MPa and the contact angle increased from 55.8° to 98.7° with increasing CNC content from 0 to 6 wt%. 26845479 4 38 theme physical 525:532 arg1 properties 546:555 physical and thermal properties 525:555 physical and thermal properties of films 525:564 The effect of CNC content on physical and thermal properties of films was studied. 26845479 6 39 from strength 916:923 arg1 matrix 951:956 the matrix 947:956 the matrix 947:956 However, CNC addition increased the thermal stability slightly and CNC content above 6 wt% decreased the tensile strength by CNC aggregation in the matrix. 26845479 6 40 theme CNC 812:814 arg1 addition 816:823 CNC addition 812:823 CNC addition 812:823 However, CNC addition increased the thermal stability slightly and CNC content above 6 wt% decreased the tensile strength by CNC aggregation in the matrix. 26845479 2 41 dep morphology 233:242 arg1 The 229:231 The 229:231 The 229:231 The morphology, crystallinity, and thermal properties of the CNC and films were evaluated by using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. 26845479 0 42 theme film 48:51 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and physical properties of tara gum film reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals. 26845479 0 42 theme film 48:51 arg1 properties 25:34 physical properties 16:34 physical properties 16:34 Preparation and physical properties of tara gum film reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals. 26845479 8 43 theme tara 1145:1148 arg1 properties 1169:1178 tara gum matrix polymer properties 1145:1178 tara gum matrix polymer properties 1145:1178 CNC addition is a suitable method to modify tara gum matrix polymer properties. 26845479 7 44 theme nanocomposite 963:975 arg1 film 977:980 The nanocomposite film 959:980 The nanocomposite film containing 6 wt% CNC 959:1001 The nanocomposite film containing 6 wt% CNC possessed the highest light transmittance, mechanical properties, and lowest oxygen permeability. 26845479 2 45 theme electron 341:348 arg1 microscopy 350:359 transmission electron microscopy 328:359 transmission electron microscopy 328:359 The morphology, crystallinity, and thermal properties of the CNC and films were evaluated by using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. 26845479 0 46 theme gum 44:46 arg1 film 48:51 tara gum film 39:51 tara gum film 39:51 Preparation and physical properties of tara gum film reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals. 26845479 4 47 theme thermal 538:544 arg1 properties 546:555 physical and thermal properties 525:555 physical and thermal properties of films 525:564 The effect of CNC content on physical and thermal properties of films was studied. 26845479 7 48 theme wt 995:996 arg1 CNC 999:1001 6 wt% CNC 993:1001 6 wt% CNC 993:1001 The nanocomposite film containing 6 wt% CNC possessed the highest light transmittance, mechanical properties, and lowest oxygen permeability. 26845479 2 49 theme transmission 328:339 arg1 microscopy 350:359 transmission electron microscopy 328:359 transmission electron microscopy 328:359 The morphology, crystallinity, and thermal properties of the CNC and films were evaluated by using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. 26845479 2 50 theme thermal 264:270 arg1 properties 272:281 thermal properties 264:281 thermal properties 264:281 The morphology, crystallinity, and thermal properties of the CNC and films were evaluated by using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. 26845479 3 51 with rod-shaped 452:461 arg1 diameters 468:476 diameters 468:476 diameters of around 8.6 nm 468:493 The resultant CNC was rod-shaped with diameters of around 8.6 nm. 26845479 7 52 theme mechanical 1046:1055 arg1 properties 1057:1066 mechanical properties 1046:1066 mechanical properties 1046:1066 The nanocomposite film containing 6 wt% CNC possessed the highest light transmittance, mechanical properties, and lowest oxygen permeability. 26845479 3 53 theme nm 492:493 arg1 diameters 468:476 diameters 468:476 diameters of around 8.6 nm 468:493 The resultant CNC was rod-shaped with diameters of around 8.6 nm. 26845479 8 54 theme polymer 1161:1167 arg1 properties 1169:1178 tara gum matrix polymer properties 1145:1178 tara gum matrix polymer properties 1145:1178 CNC addition is a suitable method to modify tara gum matrix polymer properties. 26845479 1 55 theme microcrystalline 136:151 arg1 cellulose 153:161 microcrystalline cellulose 136:161 microcrystalline cellulose 136:161 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) prepared from microcrystalline cellulose were blended in tara gum solution to prepare nanocomposite films. 26845479 2 56 theme thermogravimetric 388:404 arg1 analysis 406:413 thermogravimetric analysis 388:413 thermogravimetric analysis 388:413 The morphology, crystallinity, and thermal properties of the CNC and films were evaluated by using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. 26845479 5 57 theme CNC 774:776 arg1 content 778:784 CNC content 774:784 CNC content 774:784 The composite film tensile strength increased from 27.86 to 65.73 MPa, elastic modulus increased from 160.98 MPa to 882.49 MPa and the contact angle increased from 55.8° to 98.7° with increasing CNC content from 0 to 6 wt%. 26845479 2 58 theme X-ray 362:366 arg1 diffractometry 368:381 X-ray diffractometry 362:381 X-ray diffractometry 362:381 The morphology, crystallinity, and thermal properties of the CNC and films were evaluated by using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. 26845479 8 59 theme CNC 1101:1103 arg1 addition 1105:1112 CNC addition 1101:1112 CNC addition 1101:1112 CNC addition is a suitable method to modify tara gum matrix polymer properties. 26845479 8 59 theme CNC 1101:1103 arg1 method 1128:1133 a suitable method 1117:1133 a suitable method to modify tara gum matrix polymer properties 1117:1178 CNC addition is a suitable method to modify tara gum matrix polymer properties. 27072675 3 0 with interaction 529:539 arg1 organisms 552:560 other organisms 546:560 other organisms 546:560 An important feature of these interactions concerns changes in the cell-wall composition during interaction with other organisms. 27072675 9 1 theme middle 1562:1567 arg1 lamella 1569:1575 the middle lamella 1558:1575 the middle lamella 1558:1575 A localized degradation of pectin seems to occur during fungal colonization, in agreement with the growth of the ectomycorrhizal fungus through the middle lamella and with the fungal gene expression of genes acting on these polysaccharides. 27072675 1 2 theme subtle 253:258 arg1 remodelling 276:286 subtle plant cell-wall remodelling 253:286 subtle plant cell-wall remodelling during Tuber melanosporum and Corylus avellana interaction 253:345 A combined approach, using a carbohydrate microarray as a support for genomic data, has revealed subtle plant cell-wall remodelling during Tuber melanosporum and Corylus avellana interaction. 27072675 6 3 theme current 940:946 arg1 study 948:952 the current study 936:952 the current study 936:952 Taking advantage of the Comprehensive Microarray Polymer Profiling (CoMPP) technology, the current study has had the aim of monitoring the changes that take place in the plant cell wall in Corylus avellana roots during colonization by the ascomycetous ectomycorrhizal fungus T. melanosporum. 27072675 6 4 theme Microarray 887:896 arg1 CoMPP 917:921 CoMPP 917:921 CoMPP 917:921 Taking advantage of the Comprehensive Microarray Polymer Profiling (CoMPP) technology, the current study has had the aim of monitoring the changes that take place in the plant cell wall in Corylus avellana roots during colonization by the ascomycetous ectomycorrhizal fungus T. melanosporum. 27072675 6 4 theme Microarray 887:896 arg1 Profiling 906:914 Comprehensive Microarray Polymer Profiling 873:914 the Comprehensive Microarray Polymer Profiling (CoMPP) technology 869:933 Taking advantage of the Comprehensive Microarray Polymer Profiling (CoMPP) technology, the current study has had the aim of monitoring the changes that take place in the plant cell wall in Corylus avellana roots during colonization by the ascomycetous ectomycorrhizal fungus T. melanosporum. 27072675 1 5 theme plant 260:264 arg1 remodelling 276:286 subtle plant cell-wall remodelling 253:286 subtle plant cell-wall remodelling during Tuber melanosporum and Corylus avellana interaction 253:345 A combined approach, using a carbohydrate microarray as a support for genomic data, has revealed subtle plant cell-wall remodelling during Tuber melanosporum and Corylus avellana interaction. 27072675 3 6 theme other 546:550 arg1 organisms 552:560 other organisms 546:560 other organisms 546:560 An important feature of these interactions concerns changes in the cell-wall composition during interaction with other organisms. 27072675 1 7 theme cell-wall 266:274 arg1 remodelling 276:286 subtle plant cell-wall remodelling 253:286 subtle plant cell-wall remodelling during Tuber melanosporum and Corylus avellana interaction 253:345 A combined approach, using a carbohydrate microarray as a support for genomic data, has revealed subtle plant cell-wall remodelling during Tuber melanosporum and Corylus avellana interaction. 27072675 0 8 theme Corylus 106:112 arg1 avellana 114:121 Corylus avellana 106:121 Corylus avellana 106:121 Understanding plant cell-wall remodelling during the symbiotic interaction between Tuber melanosporum and Corylus avellana using a carbohydrate microarray. 27072675 9 9 theme fungus 1543:1548 arg1 growth 1513:1518 the growth 1509:1518 the growth of the ectomycorrhizal fungus through the middle lamella 1509:1575 A localized degradation of pectin seems to occur during fungal colonization, in agreement with the growth of the ectomycorrhizal fungus through the middle lamella and with the fungal gene expression of genes acting on these polysaccharides. 27072675 3 10 theme cell-wall 500:508 arg1 composition 510:520 the cell-wall composition 496:520 the cell-wall composition 496:520 An important feature of these interactions concerns changes in the cell-wall composition during interaction with other organisms. 27072675 6 11 theme technology 924:933 arg1 advantage 856:864 advantage 856:864 advantage of the Comprehensive Microarray Polymer Profiling (CoMPP) technology 856:933 Taking advantage of the Comprehensive Microarray Polymer Profiling (CoMPP) technology, the current study has had the aim of monitoring the changes that take place in the plant cell wall in Corylus avellana roots during colonization by the ascomycetous ectomycorrhizal fungus T. melanosporum. 27072675 6 12 from place 1006:1010 arg1 roots 1055:1059 Corylus avellana roots 1038:1059 Corylus avellana roots 1038:1059 Taking advantage of the Comprehensive Microarray Polymer Profiling (CoMPP) technology, the current study has had the aim of monitoring the changes that take place in the plant cell wall in Corylus avellana roots during colonization by the ascomycetous ectomycorrhizal fungus T. melanosporum. 27072675 6 12 from place 1006:1010 arg1 wall 1030:1033 the plant cell wall 1015:1033 the plant cell wall 1015:1033 Taking advantage of the Comprehensive Microarray Polymer Profiling (CoMPP) technology, the current study has had the aim of monitoring the changes that take place in the plant cell wall in Corylus avellana roots during colonization by the ascomycetous ectomycorrhizal fungus T. melanosporum. 27072675 7 13 theme selected 1335:1342 arg1 genes 1344:1348 selected genes 1335:1348 selected genes 1335:1348 Additionally, genes encoding putative plant cell-wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) have been identified in the T. melanosporum genome, and RT-qPCRs have been performed to verify the expression of selected genes in fully developed C. avellana/T. 27072675 9 14 theme fungal 1470:1475 arg1 colonization 1477:1488 fungal colonization 1470:1488 fungal colonization 1470:1488 A localized degradation of pectin seems to occur during fungal colonization, in agreement with the growth of the ectomycorrhizal fungus through the middle lamella and with the fungal gene expression of genes acting on these polysaccharides. 27072675 7 15 theme putative 1170:1177 arg1 enzymes 1205:1211 putative plant cell-wall degrading enzymes 1170:1211 putative plant cell-wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) 1170:1220 Additionally, genes encoding putative plant cell-wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) have been identified in the T. melanosporum genome, and RT-qPCRs have been performed to verify the expression of selected genes in fully developed C. avellana/T. 27072675 7 15 theme putative 1170:1177 arg1 PCWDEs 1214:1219 PCWDEs 1214:1219 PCWDEs 1214:1219 Additionally, genes encoding putative plant cell-wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) have been identified in the T. melanosporum genome, and RT-qPCRs have been performed to verify the expression of selected genes in fully developed C. avellana/T. 27072675 7 16 theme plant 1179:1183 arg1 enzymes 1205:1211 putative plant cell-wall degrading enzymes 1170:1211 putative plant cell-wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) 1170:1220 Additionally, genes encoding putative plant cell-wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) have been identified in the T. melanosporum genome, and RT-qPCRs have been performed to verify the expression of selected genes in fully developed C. avellana/T. 27072675 7 16 theme plant 1179:1183 arg1 PCWDEs 1214:1219 PCWDEs 1214:1219 PCWDEs 1214:1219 Additionally, genes encoding putative plant cell-wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) have been identified in the T. melanosporum genome, and RT-qPCRs have been performed to verify the expression of selected genes in fully developed C. avellana/T. 27072675 9 17 theme fungal 1590:1595 arg1 expression 1602:1611 the fungal gene expression 1586:1611 the fungal gene expression of genes acting on these polysaccharides 1586:1652 A localized degradation of pectin seems to occur during fungal colonization, in agreement with the growth of the ectomycorrhizal fungus through the middle lamella and with the fungal gene expression of genes acting on these polysaccharides. 27072675 1 18 theme carbohydrate 185:196 arg1 microarray 198:207 a carbohydrate microarray 183:207 a carbohydrate microarray 183:207 A combined approach, using a carbohydrate microarray as a support for genomic data, has revealed subtle plant cell-wall remodelling during Tuber melanosporum and Corylus avellana interaction. 27072675 1 18 theme carbohydrate 185:196 arg1 support 214:220 a support 212:220 a support for genomic data 212:237 A combined approach, using a carbohydrate microarray as a support for genomic data, has revealed subtle plant cell-wall remodelling during Tuber melanosporum and Corylus avellana interaction. 27072675 0 19 theme plant 14:18 arg1 remodelling 30:40 plant cell-wall remodelling 14:40 plant cell-wall remodelling 14:40 Understanding plant cell-wall remodelling during the symbiotic interaction between Tuber melanosporum and Corylus avellana using a carbohydrate microarray. 27072675 7 20 theme T. 1250:1251 arg1 genome 1266:1271 the T. melanosporum genome 1246:1271 the T. melanosporum genome 1246:1271 Additionally, genes encoding putative plant cell-wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) have been identified in the T. melanosporum genome, and RT-qPCRs have been performed to verify the expression of selected genes in fully developed C. avellana/T. 27072675 9 21 theme gene 1597:1600 arg1 expression 1602:1611 the fungal gene expression 1586:1611 the fungal gene expression of genes acting on these polysaccharides 1586:1652 A localized degradation of pectin seems to occur during fungal colonization, in agreement with the growth of the ectomycorrhizal fungus through the middle lamella and with the fungal gene expression of genes acting on these polysaccharides. 27072675 3 22 theme important 436:444 arg1 feature 446:452 An important feature 433:452 An important feature of these interactions 433:474 An important feature of these interactions concerns changes in the cell-wall composition during interaction with other organisms. 27072675 9 23 with agreement 1494:1502 arg1 expression 1602:1611 the fungal gene expression 1586:1611 the fungal gene expression of genes acting on these polysaccharides 1586:1652 A localized degradation of pectin seems to occur during fungal colonization, in agreement with the growth of the ectomycorrhizal fungus through the middle lamella and with the fungal gene expression of genes acting on these polysaccharides. 27072675 9 23 with agreement 1494:1502 arg1 growth 1513:1518 the growth 1509:1518 the growth of the ectomycorrhizal fungus through the middle lamella 1509:1575 A localized degradation of pectin seems to occur during fungal colonization, in agreement with the growth of the ectomycorrhizal fungus through the middle lamella and with the fungal gene expression of genes acting on these polysaccharides. 27072675 8 24 theme melanosporum 1384:1395 arg1 ectomycorrhizae 1397:1411 melanosporum ectomycorrhizae 1384:1411 melanosporum ectomycorrhizae. 1384:1412 melanosporum ectomycorrhizae. 27072675 7 25 theme genes 1344:1348 arg1 expression 1321:1330 the expression 1317:1330 the expression of selected genes in fully developed C. avellana/T 1317:1381 Additionally, genes encoding putative plant cell-wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) have been identified in the T. melanosporum genome, and RT-qPCRs have been performed to verify the expression of selected genes in fully developed C. avellana/T. 27072675 7 26 theme degrading 1195:1203 arg1 enzymes 1205:1211 putative plant cell-wall degrading enzymes 1170:1211 putative plant cell-wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) 1170:1220 Additionally, genes encoding putative plant cell-wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) have been identified in the T. melanosporum genome, and RT-qPCRs have been performed to verify the expression of selected genes in fully developed C. avellana/T. 27072675 7 26 theme degrading 1195:1203 arg1 PCWDEs 1214:1219 PCWDEs 1214:1219 PCWDEs 1214:1219 Additionally, genes encoding putative plant cell-wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) have been identified in the T. melanosporum genome, and RT-qPCRs have been performed to verify the expression of selected genes in fully developed C. avellana/T. 27072675 1 27 theme Tuber 295:299 arg1 melanosporum 301:312 Tuber melanosporum 295:312 Tuber melanosporum 295:312 A combined approach, using a carbohydrate microarray as a support for genomic data, has revealed subtle plant cell-wall remodelling during Tuber melanosporum and Corylus avellana interaction. 27072675 6 28 theme avellana 1046:1053 arg1 roots 1055:1059 Corylus avellana roots 1038:1059 Corylus avellana roots 1038:1059 Taking advantage of the Comprehensive Microarray Polymer Profiling (CoMPP) technology, the current study has had the aim of monitoring the changes that take place in the plant cell wall in Corylus avellana roots during colonization by the ascomycetous ectomycorrhizal fungus T. melanosporum. 27072675 0 29 theme cell-wall 20:28 arg1 remodelling 30:40 plant cell-wall remodelling 14:40 plant cell-wall remodelling 14:40 Understanding plant cell-wall remodelling during the symbiotic interaction between Tuber melanosporum and Corylus avellana using a carbohydrate microarray. 27072675 4 30 theme cell 600:603 arg1 walls 605:609 plant and fungal cell walls 583:609 walls 605:609 In ectomycorrhizae, plant and fungal cell walls come into direct contact, and represent the interface between the two partners. 27072675 0 31 theme carbohydrate 131:142 arg1 microarray 144:153 a carbohydrate microarray 129:153 a carbohydrate microarray 129:153 Understanding plant cell-wall remodelling during the symbiotic interaction between Tuber melanosporum and Corylus avellana using a carbohydrate microarray. 27072675 9 32 theme genes 1616:1620 arg1 expression 1602:1611 the fungal gene expression 1586:1611 the fungal gene expression of genes acting on these polysaccharides 1586:1652 A localized degradation of pectin seems to occur during fungal colonization, in agreement with the growth of the ectomycorrhizal fungus through the middle lamella and with the fungal gene expression of genes acting on these polysaccharides. 27072675 2 33 theme great 378:382 arg1 extent 384:389 a great extent 376:389 a great extent 376:389 Cell walls are involved, to a great extent, in mediating plant-microbe interactions. 27072675 5 34 theme fungal 797:802 arg1 walls 809:813 the plant and fungal cell walls 783:813 walls 809:813 However, very little information is available on the re-arrangement that could occur within the plant and fungal cell walls during ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. 27072675 4 35 theme fungal 593:598 arg1 walls 605:609 plant and fungal cell walls 583:609 walls 605:609 In ectomycorrhizae, plant and fungal cell walls come into direct contact, and represent the interface between the two partners. 27072675 7 36 dep T. 1250:1251 arg1 melanosporum 1253:1264 melanosporum 1253:1264 melanosporum 1253:1264 Additionally, genes encoding putative plant cell-wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) have been identified in the T. melanosporum genome, and RT-qPCRs have been performed to verify the expression of selected genes in fully developed C. avellana/T. 27072675 6 37 theme Profiling 906:914 arg1 technology 924:933 the Comprehensive Microarray Polymer Profiling (CoMPP) technology 869:933 the Comprehensive Microarray Polymer Profiling (CoMPP) technology 869:933 Taking advantage of the Comprehensive Microarray Polymer Profiling (CoMPP) technology, the current study has had the aim of monitoring the changes that take place in the plant cell wall in Corylus avellana roots during colonization by the ascomycetous ectomycorrhizal fungus T. melanosporum. 27072675 3 38 theme interactions 463:474 arg1 feature 446:452 An important feature 433:452 An important feature of these interactions 433:474 An important feature of these interactions concerns changes in the cell-wall composition during interaction with other organisms. 27072675 5 39 theme cell 804:807 arg1 walls 809:813 the plant and fungal cell walls 783:813 walls 809:813 However, very little information is available on the re-arrangement that could occur within the plant and fungal cell walls during ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. 27072675 1 40 theme Corylus 318:324 arg1 interaction 335:345 Corylus avellana interaction 318:345 Corylus avellana interaction 318:345 A combined approach, using a carbohydrate microarray as a support for genomic data, has revealed subtle plant cell-wall remodelling during Tuber melanosporum and Corylus avellana interaction. 27072675 7 41 theme cell-wall 1185:1193 arg1 enzymes 1205:1211 putative plant cell-wall degrading enzymes 1170:1211 putative plant cell-wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) 1170:1220 Additionally, genes encoding putative plant cell-wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) have been identified in the T. melanosporum genome, and RT-qPCRs have been performed to verify the expression of selected genes in fully developed C. avellana/T. 27072675 7 41 theme cell-wall 1185:1193 arg1 PCWDEs 1214:1219 PCWDEs 1214:1219 PCWDEs 1214:1219 Additionally, genes encoding putative plant cell-wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) have been identified in the T. melanosporum genome, and RT-qPCRs have been performed to verify the expression of selected genes in fully developed C. avellana/T. 27072675 6 42 theme Polymer 898:904 arg1 CoMPP 917:921 CoMPP 917:921 CoMPP 917:921 Taking advantage of the Comprehensive Microarray Polymer Profiling (CoMPP) technology, the current study has had the aim of monitoring the changes that take place in the plant cell wall in Corylus avellana roots during colonization by the ascomycetous ectomycorrhizal fungus T. melanosporum. 27072675 6 42 theme Polymer 898:904 arg1 Profiling 906:914 Comprehensive Microarray Polymer Profiling 873:914 the Comprehensive Microarray Polymer Profiling (CoMPP) technology 869:933 Taking advantage of the Comprehensive Microarray Polymer Profiling (CoMPP) technology, the current study has had the aim of monitoring the changes that take place in the plant cell wall in Corylus avellana roots during colonization by the ascomycetous ectomycorrhizal fungus T. melanosporum. 27072675 1 43 theme genomic 226:232 arg1 data 234:237 genomic data 226:237 genomic data 226:237 A combined approach, using a carbohydrate microarray as a support for genomic data, has revealed subtle plant cell-wall remodelling during Tuber melanosporum and Corylus avellana interaction. 27072675 1 44 theme avellana 326:333 arg1 interaction 335:345 Corylus avellana interaction 318:345 Corylus avellana interaction 318:345 A combined approach, using a carbohydrate microarray as a support for genomic data, has revealed subtle plant cell-wall remodelling during Tuber melanosporum and Corylus avellana interaction. 27072675 6 45 theme Corylus 1038:1044 arg1 roots 1055:1059 Corylus avellana roots 1038:1059 Corylus avellana roots 1038:1059 Taking advantage of the Comprehensive Microarray Polymer Profiling (CoMPP) technology, the current study has had the aim of monitoring the changes that take place in the plant cell wall in Corylus avellana roots during colonization by the ascomycetous ectomycorrhizal fungus T. melanosporum. 27072675 4 46 theme plant 583:587 arg1 walls 605:609 plant and fungal cell walls 583:609 walls 605:609 In ectomycorrhizae, plant and fungal cell walls come into direct contact, and represent the interface between the two partners. 27072675 7 47 from expression 1321:1330 arg1 avellana/T 1372:1381 fully developed C. avellana/T 1353:1381 fully developed C. avellana/T 1353:1381 Additionally, genes encoding putative plant cell-wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) have been identified in the T. melanosporum genome, and RT-qPCRs have been performed to verify the expression of selected genes in fully developed C. avellana/T. 27072675 0 48 theme symbiotic 53:61 arg1 interaction 63:73 the symbiotic interaction 49:73 the symbiotic interaction between Tuber melanosporum and Corylus avellana using a carbohydrate microarray 49:153 Understanding plant cell-wall remodelling during the symbiotic interaction between Tuber melanosporum and Corylus avellana using a carbohydrate microarray. 27072675 6 49 theme Comprehensive 873:885 arg1 CoMPP 917:921 CoMPP 917:921 CoMPP 917:921 Taking advantage of the Comprehensive Microarray Polymer Profiling (CoMPP) technology, the current study has had the aim of monitoring the changes that take place in the plant cell wall in Corylus avellana roots during colonization by the ascomycetous ectomycorrhizal fungus T. melanosporum. 27072675 6 49 theme Comprehensive 873:885 arg1 Profiling 906:914 Comprehensive Microarray Polymer Profiling 873:914 the Comprehensive Microarray Polymer Profiling (CoMPP) technology 869:933 Taking advantage of the Comprehensive Microarray Polymer Profiling (CoMPP) technology, the current study has had the aim of monitoring the changes that take place in the plant cell wall in Corylus avellana roots during colonization by the ascomycetous ectomycorrhizal fungus T. melanosporum. 27072675 3 50 from changes 485:491 arg1 composition 510:520 the cell-wall composition 496:520 the cell-wall composition 496:520 An important feature of these interactions concerns changes in the cell-wall composition during interaction with other organisms. 27072675 5 51 theme little 705:710 arg1 information 712:722 very little information 700:722 very little information 700:722 However, very little information is available on the re-arrangement that could occur within the plant and fungal cell walls during ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. 27072675 6 52 contain had 958:960 arg1 study 948:952 the current study 936:952 the current study 936:952 Taking advantage of the Comprehensive Microarray Polymer Profiling (CoMPP) technology, the current study has had the aim of monitoring the changes that take place in the plant cell wall in Corylus avellana roots during colonization by the ascomycetous ectomycorrhizal fungus T. melanosporum. 27072675 6 52 contain had 958:960 arg2 aim 966:968 the aim 962:968 the aim of monitoring the changes that take place in the plant cell wall in Corylus avellana roots during colonization by the ascomycetous ectomycorrhizal fungus T. melanosporum 962:1138 Taking advantage of the Comprehensive Microarray Polymer Profiling (CoMPP) technology, the current study has had the aim of monitoring the changes that take place in the plant cell wall in Corylus avellana roots during colonization by the ascomycetous ectomycorrhizal fungus T. melanosporum. 27072675 9 53 theme ectomycorrhizal 1527:1541 arg1 fungus 1543:1548 the ectomycorrhizal fungus 1523:1548 the ectomycorrhizal fungus through the middle lamella 1523:1575 A localized degradation of pectin seems to occur during fungal colonization, in agreement with the growth of the ectomycorrhizal fungus through the middle lamella and with the fungal gene expression of genes acting on these polysaccharides. 27072675 9 54 theme localized 1416:1424 arg1 degradation 1426:1436 A localized degradation 1414:1436 A localized degradation of pectin 1414:1446 A localized degradation of pectin seems to occur during fungal colonization, in agreement with the growth of the ectomycorrhizal fungus through the middle lamella and with the fungal gene expression of genes acting on these polysaccharides. 27072675 2 55 theme Cell 348:351 arg1 walls 353:357 Cell walls 348:357 Cell walls 348:357 Cell walls are involved, to a great extent, in mediating plant-microbe interactions. 27072675 0 56 theme Tuber 83:87 arg1 melanosporum 89:100 Tuber melanosporum 83:100 Tuber melanosporum 83:100 Understanding plant cell-wall remodelling during the symbiotic interaction between Tuber melanosporum and Corylus avellana using a carbohydrate microarray. 27072675 2 57 theme plant-microbe 405:417 arg1 interactions 419:430 plant-microbe interactions 405:430 plant-microbe interactions 405:430 Cell walls are involved, to a great extent, in mediating plant-microbe interactions. 27072675 7 58 theme developed 1359:1367 arg1 avellana/T 1372:1381 fully developed C. avellana/T 1353:1381 fully developed C. avellana/T 1353:1381 Additionally, genes encoding putative plant cell-wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) have been identified in the T. melanosporum genome, and RT-qPCRs have been performed to verify the expression of selected genes in fully developed C. avellana/T. 27072675 1 59 theme combined 158:165 arg1 approach 167:174 A combined approach 156:174 A combined approach 156:174 A combined approach, using a carbohydrate microarray as a support for genomic data, has revealed subtle plant cell-wall remodelling during Tuber melanosporum and Corylus avellana interaction. 27072675 6 60 theme cell 1025:1028 arg1 wall 1030:1033 the plant cell wall 1015:1033 the plant cell wall 1015:1033 Taking advantage of the Comprehensive Microarray Polymer Profiling (CoMPP) technology, the current study has had the aim of monitoring the changes that take place in the plant cell wall in Corylus avellana roots during colonization by the ascomycetous ectomycorrhizal fungus T. melanosporum. 27072675 4 61 theme direct 621:626 arg1 contact 628:634 direct contact 621:634 direct contact 621:634 In ectomycorrhizae, plant and fungal cell walls come into direct contact, and represent the interface between the two partners. 27072675 7 62 theme C. 1369:1370 arg1 avellana/T 1372:1381 fully developed C. avellana/T 1353:1381 fully developed C. avellana/T 1353:1381 Additionally, genes encoding putative plant cell-wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) have been identified in the T. melanosporum genome, and RT-qPCRs have been performed to verify the expression of selected genes in fully developed C. avellana/T. 27072675 5 63 theme ectomycorrhizal 822:836 arg1 symbiosis 838:846 ectomycorrhizal symbiosis 822:846 ectomycorrhizal symbiosis 822:846 However, very little information is available on the re-arrangement that could occur within the plant and fungal cell walls during ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. 27072675 9 64 theme pectin 1441:1446 arg1 degradation 1426:1436 A localized degradation 1414:1436 A localized degradation of pectin 1414:1446 A localized degradation of pectin seems to occur during fungal colonization, in agreement with the growth of the ectomycorrhizal fungus through the middle lamella and with the fungal gene expression of genes acting on these polysaccharides. 27072675 6 65 theme plant 1019:1023 arg1 wall 1030:1033 the plant cell wall 1015:1033 the plant cell wall 1015:1033 Taking advantage of the Comprehensive Microarray Polymer Profiling (CoMPP) technology, the current study has had the aim of monitoring the changes that take place in the plant cell wall in Corylus avellana roots during colonization by the ascomycetous ectomycorrhizal fungus T. melanosporum. 25115665 3 0 theme propylene 269:277 arg1 humectant 246:254 The humectant 242:254 The humectant employed 242:263 The humectant employed was propylene glycol in concentrations of 5% and 10% (w/w). 25115665 3 0 theme propylene 269:277 arg1 glycol 279:284 propylene glycol 269:284 propylene glycol in concentrations of 5% and 10% (w/w) 269:322 The humectant employed was propylene glycol in concentrations of 5% and 10% (w/w). 25115665 6 1 contain have 675:678 arg2 composition 702:712 the following optimum composition 680:712 the following optimum composition shown below 680:724 Based on the obtained results, the samples of the gels prepared on the basis of chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose, which have the following optimum composition shown below, were found: 2,5% (w/w) CHIT + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 10% (w/w) PG; 2,5% (w/w) HEC + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 5% (w/w) PG. 25115665 6 1 contain have 675:678 arg1 chitosan 632:639 chitosan 632:639 chitosan 632:639 Based on the obtained results, the samples of the gels prepared on the basis of chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose, which have the following optimum composition shown below, were found: 2,5% (w/w) CHIT + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 10% (w/w) PG; 2,5% (w/w) HEC + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 5% (w/w) PG. 25115665 6 1 contain have 675:678 arg1 cellulose 658:666 hydroxyethyl cellulose 645:666 hydroxyethyl cellulose 645:666 Based on the obtained results, the samples of the gels prepared on the basis of chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose, which have the following optimum composition shown below, were found: 2,5% (w/w) CHIT + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 10% (w/w) PG; 2,5% (w/w) HEC + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 5% (w/w) PG. 25115665 5 2 theme gels 531:534 arg1 values 517:522 pH values 514:522 pH values 514:522 Finally the flow properties, rheological parameters and pH values of the gels were evaluated. 25115665 5 2 theme gels 531:534 arg1 properties 475:484 the flow properties 466:484 the flow properties 466:484 Finally the flow properties, rheological parameters and pH values of the gels were evaluated. 25115665 5 2 theme gels 531:534 arg1 parameters 499:508 rheological parameters 487:508 rheological parameters 487:508 Finally the flow properties, rheological parameters and pH values of the gels were evaluated. 25115665 3 3 theme % 308:308 arg1 concentrations 289:302 concentrations 289:302 concentrations of 5% and 10% (w/w) 289:322 The humectant employed was propylene glycol in concentrations of 5% and 10% (w/w). 25115665 4 4 theme % 418:418 arg1 concentrations 397:410 the same concentrations 388:410 the same concentrations of 2.5% (w/w) 388:424 Two types of polymers, chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose, in the same concentrations of 2.5% (w/w), were used for gel preparation. 25115665 4 5 used used 432:435 arg2 types 329:333 Two types 325:333 Two types 325:333 Two types of polymers, chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose, in the same concentrations of 2.5% (w/w), were used for gel preparation. 25115665 4 6 from types 329:333 arg1 concentrations 397:410 the same concentrations 388:410 the same concentrations of 2.5% (w/w) 388:424 Two types of polymers, chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose, in the same concentrations of 2.5% (w/w), were used for gel preparation. 25115665 2 7 theme ammonium 140:147 arg1 drug 236:239 the drug 232:239 the drug 232:239 A quaternary ammonium salt, benzethonium chloride, in a concentration of 0.01-0.5% (w/w) was employed as the drug. 25115665 2 7 theme ammonium 140:147 arg1 salt 149:152 A quaternary ammonium salt 127:152 A quaternary ammonium salt 127:152 A quaternary ammonium salt, benzethonium chloride, in a concentration of 0.01-0.5% (w/w) was employed as the drug. 25115665 2 7 theme ammonium 140:147 arg1 chloride 168:175 benzethonium chloride 155:175 benzethonium chloride 155:175 A quaternary ammonium salt, benzethonium chloride, in a concentration of 0.01-0.5% (w/w) was employed as the drug. 25115665 5 8 theme rheological 487:497 arg1 parameters 499:508 rheological parameters 487:508 rheological parameters 487:508 Finally the flow properties, rheological parameters and pH values of the gels were evaluated. 25115665 6 9 theme obtained 565:572 arg1 results 574:580 the obtained results 561:580 the obtained results 561:580 Based on the obtained results, the samples of the gels prepared on the basis of chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose, which have the following optimum composition shown below, were found: 2,5% (w/w) CHIT + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 10% (w/w) PG; 2,5% (w/w) HEC + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 5% (w/w) PG. 25115665 2 10 theme quaternary 129:138 arg1 drug 236:239 the drug 232:239 the drug 232:239 A quaternary ammonium salt, benzethonium chloride, in a concentration of 0.01-0.5% (w/w) was employed as the drug. 25115665 2 10 theme quaternary 129:138 arg1 salt 149:152 A quaternary ammonium salt 127:152 A quaternary ammonium salt 127:152 A quaternary ammonium salt, benzethonium chloride, in a concentration of 0.01-0.5% (w/w) was employed as the drug. 25115665 2 10 theme quaternary 129:138 arg1 chloride 168:175 benzethonium chloride 155:175 benzethonium chloride 155:175 A quaternary ammonium salt, benzethonium chloride, in a concentration of 0.01-0.5% (w/w) was employed as the drug. 25115665 6 11 theme cellulose 658:666 arg1 basis 623:627 the basis 619:627 the basis of chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose, which have the following optimum composition shown below, 619:725 Based on the obtained results, the samples of the gels prepared on the basis of chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose, which have the following optimum composition shown below, were found: 2,5% (w/w) CHIT + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 10% (w/w) PG; 2,5% (w/w) HEC + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 5% (w/w) PG. 25115665 5 12 theme pH 514:515 arg1 values 517:522 pH values 514:522 pH values 514:522 Finally the flow properties, rheological parameters and pH values of the gels were evaluated. 25115665 6 13 theme hydroxyethyl 645:656 arg1 cellulose 658:666 hydroxyethyl cellulose 645:666 hydroxyethyl cellulose 645:666 Based on the obtained results, the samples of the gels prepared on the basis of chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose, which have the following optimum composition shown below, were found: 2,5% (w/w) CHIT + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 10% (w/w) PG; 2,5% (w/w) HEC + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 5% (w/w) PG. 25115665 4 14 theme same 392:395 arg1 concentrations 397:410 the same concentrations 388:410 the same concentrations of 2.5% (w/w) 388:424 Two types of polymers, chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose, in the same concentrations of 2.5% (w/w), were used for gel preparation. 25115665 1 15 with gels 94:97 arg1 effects 118:124 antimicrobial effects 104:124 antimicrobial effects 104:124 This study is focused on the preparation of gels with antimicrobial effects. 25115665 6 16 theme 2,5 739:741 arg1 w/w 795:797 w/w 795:797 w/w 795:797 Based on the obtained results, the samples of the gels prepared on the basis of chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose, which have the following optimum composition shown below, were found: 2,5% (w/w) CHIT + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 10% (w/w) PG; 2,5% (w/w) HEC + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 5% (w/w) PG. 25115665 6 16 theme 2,5 739:741 arg1 w/w 745:747 w/w 745:747 w/w 745:747 Based on the obtained results, the samples of the gels prepared on the basis of chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose, which have the following optimum composition shown below, were found: 2,5% (w/w) CHIT + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 10% (w/w) PG; 2,5% (w/w) HEC + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 5% (w/w) PG. 25115665 6 16 theme 2,5 739:741 arg1 % 742:742 2,5% 739:742 2,5% (w/w) CHIT + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl 739:771 Based on the obtained results, the samples of the gels prepared on the basis of chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose, which have the following optimum composition shown below, were found: 2,5% (w/w) CHIT + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 10% (w/w) PG; 2,5% (w/w) HEC + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 5% (w/w) PG. 25115665 6 17 theme chitosan 632:639 arg1 basis 623:627 the basis 619:627 the basis of chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose, which have the following optimum composition shown below, 619:725 Based on the obtained results, the samples of the gels prepared on the basis of chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose, which have the following optimum composition shown below, were found: 2,5% (w/w) CHIT + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 10% (w/w) PG; 2,5% (w/w) HEC + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 5% (w/w) PG. 25115665 0 18 theme chloride 29:36 arg1 [Formulation 0:11 [Formulation 0:11 [Formulation of benzethonium chloride into gels 0:46 [Formulation of benzethonium chloride into gels]. 25115665 5 19 theme flow 470:473 arg1 properties 475:484 the flow properties 466:484 the flow properties 466:484 Finally the flow properties, rheological parameters and pH values of the gels were evaluated. 25115665 3 20 theme % 316:316 arg1 concentrations 289:302 concentrations 289:302 concentrations of 5% and 10% (w/w) 289:322 The humectant employed was propylene glycol in concentrations of 5% and 10% (w/w). 25115665 4 21 theme hydroxyethyl 361:372 arg1 cellulose 374:382 hydroxyethyl cellulose 361:382 hydroxyethyl cellulose 361:382 Two types of polymers, chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose, in the same concentrations of 2.5% (w/w), were used for gel preparation. 25115665 4 22 theme gel 441:443 arg1 preparation 445:455 gel preparation 441:455 gel preparation 441:455 Two types of polymers, chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose, in the same concentrations of 2.5% (w/w), were used for gel preparation. 25115665 2 23 theme benzethonium 155:166 arg1 salt 149:152 A quaternary ammonium salt 127:152 A quaternary ammonium salt 127:152 A quaternary ammonium salt, benzethonium chloride, in a concentration of 0.01-0.5% (w/w) was employed as the drug. 25115665 2 23 theme benzethonium 155:166 arg1 chloride 168:175 benzethonium chloride 155:175 benzethonium chloride 155:175 A quaternary ammonium salt, benzethonium chloride, in a concentration of 0.01-0.5% (w/w) was employed as the drug. 25115665 2 24 theme % 208:208 arg1 concentration 183:195 a concentration 181:195 a concentration of 0.01-0.5% (w/w) 181:214 A quaternary ammonium salt, benzethonium chloride, in a concentration of 0.01-0.5% (w/w) was employed as the drug. 25115665 6 25 theme % 760:760 arg1 BZCl 768:771 0,5% (w/w) BZCl 757:771 0,5% (w/w) BZCl 757:771 Based on the obtained results, the samples of the gels prepared on the basis of chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose, which have the following optimum composition shown below, were found: 2,5% (w/w) CHIT + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 10% (w/w) PG; 2,5% (w/w) HEC + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 5% (w/w) PG. 25115665 4 26 theme cellulose 374:382 arg1 types 329:333 Two types 325:333 Two types 325:333 Two types of polymers, chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose, in the same concentrations of 2.5% (w/w), were used for gel preparation. 25115665 1 27 theme gels 94:97 arg1 preparation 79:89 the preparation 75:89 the preparation of gels with antimicrobial effects 75:124 This study is focused on the preparation of gels with antimicrobial effects. 25115665 4 28 theme polymers 338:345 arg1 types 329:333 Two types 325:333 Two types 325:333 Two types of polymers, chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose, in the same concentrations of 2.5% (w/w), were used for gel preparation. 25115665 6 29 theme optimum 694:700 arg1 composition 702:712 the following optimum composition 680:712 the following optimum composition shown below 680:724 Based on the obtained results, the samples of the gels prepared on the basis of chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose, which have the following optimum composition shown below, were found: 2,5% (w/w) CHIT + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 10% (w/w) PG; 2,5% (w/w) HEC + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 5% (w/w) PG. 25115665 3 30 from glycol 279:284 arg1 concentrations 289:302 concentrations 289:302 concentrations of 5% and 10% (w/w) 289:322 The humectant employed was propylene glycol in concentrations of 5% and 10% (w/w). 25115665 1 31 theme antimicrobial 104:116 arg1 effects 118:124 antimicrobial effects 104:124 antimicrobial effects 104:124 This study is focused on the preparation of gels with antimicrobial effects. 25115665 6 32 theme 2,5 789:791 arg1 % 792:792 PG; 2,5% 785:792 PG; 2,5% 785:792 Based on the obtained results, the samples of the gels prepared on the basis of chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose, which have the following optimum composition shown below, were found: 2,5% (w/w) CHIT + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 10% (w/w) PG; 2,5% (w/w) HEC + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 5% (w/w) PG. 25115665 4 33 theme chitosan 348:355 arg1 types 329:333 Two types 325:333 Two types 325:333 Two types of polymers, chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose, in the same concentrations of 2.5% (w/w), were used for gel preparation. 25115665 6 34 theme gels 602:605 arg1 samples 587:593 the samples 583:593 the samples of the gels prepared on the basis of chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose, which have the following optimum composition shown below, 583:725 Based on the obtained results, the samples of the gels prepared on the basis of chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose, which have the following optimum composition shown below, were found: 2,5% (w/w) CHIT + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 10% (w/w) PG; 2,5% (w/w) HEC + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 5% (w/w) PG. 25115665 6 35 dep % 742:742 arg1 % 792:792 PG; 2,5% 785:792 PG; 2,5% 785:792 Based on the obtained results, the samples of the gels prepared on the basis of chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose, which have the following optimum composition shown below, were found: 2,5% (w/w) CHIT + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 10% (w/w) PG; 2,5% (w/w) HEC + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 5% (w/w) PG. 25115665 6 35 dep % 742:742 arg1 CHIT 750:753 CHIT 750:753 CHIT 750:753 Based on the obtained results, the samples of the gels prepared on the basis of chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose, which have the following optimum composition shown below, were found: 2,5% (w/w) CHIT + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 10% (w/w) PG; 2,5% (w/w) HEC + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 5% (w/w) PG. 25115665 6 35 dep % 742:742 arg1 BZCl 768:771 0,5% (w/w) BZCl 757:771 0,5% (w/w) BZCl 757:771 Based on the obtained results, the samples of the gels prepared on the basis of chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose, which have the following optimum composition shown below, were found: 2,5% (w/w) CHIT + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 10% (w/w) PG; 2,5% (w/w) HEC + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 5% (w/w) PG. 25115665 6 35 dep % 742:742 arg1 BZCl 817:820 BZCl 817:820 BZCl 817:820 Based on the obtained results, the samples of the gels prepared on the basis of chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose, which have the following optimum composition shown below, were found: 2,5% (w/w) CHIT + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 10% (w/w) PG; 2,5% (w/w) HEC + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 5% (w/w) PG. 25115665 6 35 dep % 742:742 arg1 HEC 800:802 HEC 800:802 HEC 800:802 Based on the obtained results, the samples of the gels prepared on the basis of chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose, which have the following optimum composition shown below, were found: 2,5% (w/w) CHIT + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 10% (w/w) PG; 2,5% (w/w) HEC + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 5% (w/w) PG. 25115665 6 35 dep % 742:742 arg1 PG 833:834 PG 833:834 PG 833:834 Based on the obtained results, the samples of the gels prepared on the basis of chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose, which have the following optimum composition shown below, were found: 2,5% (w/w) CHIT + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 10% (w/w) PG; 2,5% (w/w) HEC + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 5% (w/w) PG. 25115665 6 36 theme following 684:692 arg1 composition 702:712 the following optimum composition 680:712 the following optimum composition shown below 680:724 Based on the obtained results, the samples of the gels prepared on the basis of chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose, which have the following optimum composition shown below, were found: 2,5% (w/w) CHIT + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 10% (w/w) PG; 2,5% (w/w) HEC + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 5% (w/w) PG. 25115665 6 37 theme PG 785:786 arg1 % 792:792 PG; 2,5% 785:792 PG; 2,5% 785:792 Based on the obtained results, the samples of the gels prepared on the basis of chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose, which have the following optimum composition shown below, were found: 2,5% (w/w) CHIT + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 10% (w/w) PG; 2,5% (w/w) HEC + 0,5% (w/w) BZCl + 5% (w/w) PG. 25115665 2 38 from salt 149:152 arg1 concentration 183:195 a concentration 181:195 a concentration of 0.01-0.5% (w/w) 181:214 A quaternary ammonium salt, benzethonium chloride, in a concentration of 0.01-0.5% (w/w) was employed as the drug. 25115665 0 39 theme benzethonium 16:27 arg1 chloride 29:36 benzethonium chloride 16:36 benzethonium chloride 16:36 [Formulation of benzethonium chloride into gels]. 26682461 3 0 with coatings 620:627 arg1 particles 659:667 well-distributed α-Fe2O3 particles 634:667 well-distributed α-Fe2O3 particles 634:667 A voltage of 25 V and a deposition time of 5 min were chosen as best deposition conditions, which resulted in highly homogeneous coatings with well-distributed α-Fe2O3 particles. 26682461 4 1 from content 705:711 arg1 coating 760:766 the final composite coating 740:766 the final composite coating 740:766 According to TGA measurements, the content of α-Fe2O3 and chitosan in the final composite coating were found to be 74 and 26 wt%, respectively. 26682461 3 2 theme deposition 515:524 arg1 voltage 493:499 A voltage 491:499 A voltage of 25 V 491:507 A voltage of 25 V and a deposition time of 5 min were chosen as best deposition conditions, which resulted in highly homogeneous coatings with well-distributed α-Fe2O3 particles. 26682461 3 2 theme deposition 515:524 arg1 time 526:529 a deposition time 513:529 a deposition time of 5 min 513:538 A voltage of 25 V and a deposition time of 5 min were chosen as best deposition conditions, which resulted in highly homogeneous coatings with well-distributed α-Fe2O3 particles. 26682461 3 2 theme deposition 515:524 arg1 conditions 571:580 best deposition conditions 555:580 best deposition conditions 555:580 A voltage of 25 V and a deposition time of 5 min were chosen as best deposition conditions, which resulted in highly homogeneous coatings with well-distributed α-Fe2O3 particles. 26682461 5 3 theme coatings 906:913 arg1 microstructure 915:928 the coatings microstructure 902:928 the coatings microstructure 902:928 The presence of both phases in the composite coating was determined by XRD analysis and the coatings microstructure was observed by SEM. 26682461 3 4 theme best 555:558 arg1 voltage 493:499 A voltage 491:499 A voltage of 25 V 491:507 A voltage of 25 V and a deposition time of 5 min were chosen as best deposition conditions, which resulted in highly homogeneous coatings with well-distributed α-Fe2O3 particles. 26682461 3 4 theme best 555:558 arg1 time 526:529 a deposition time 513:529 a deposition time of 5 min 513:538 A voltage of 25 V and a deposition time of 5 min were chosen as best deposition conditions, which resulted in highly homogeneous coatings with well-distributed α-Fe2O3 particles. 26682461 3 4 theme best 555:558 arg1 conditions 571:580 best deposition conditions 555:580 best deposition conditions 555:580 A voltage of 25 V and a deposition time of 5 min were chosen as best deposition conditions, which resulted in highly homogeneous coatings with well-distributed α-Fe2O3 particles. 26682461 1 5 theme Promising 114:122 arg1 coatings 134:141 Promising composite coatings 114:141 Promising composite coatings based on hematite (α-Fe2O3) mesocrystals of size 110 nm and chitosan (CHT) molecules for different biotechnological applications 114:270 Promising composite coatings based on hematite (α-Fe2O3) mesocrystals of size 110 nm and chitosan (CHT) molecules for different biotechnological applications have been successfully obtained by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). 26682461 4 6 theme chitosan 728:735 arg1 content 705:711 the content 701:711 the content of α-Fe2O3 and chitosan in the final composite coating 701:766 According to TGA measurements, the content of α-Fe2O3 and chitosan in the final composite coating were found to be 74 and 26 wt%, respectively. 26682461 4 6 theme chitosan 728:735 arg1 % 797:797 74 and 26 wt% 785:797 % 797:797 According to TGA measurements, the content of α-Fe2O3 and chitosan in the final composite coating were found to be 74 and 26 wt%, respectively. 26682461 5 7 theme XRD 885:887 arg1 analysis 889:896 XRD analysis 885:896 XRD analysis 885:896 The presence of both phases in the composite coating was determined by XRD analysis and the coatings microstructure was observed by SEM. 26682461 4 8 theme final 744:748 arg1 coating 760:766 the final composite coating 740:766 the final composite coating 740:766 According to TGA measurements, the content of α-Fe2O3 and chitosan in the final composite coating were found to be 74 and 26 wt%, respectively. 26682461 2 9 theme chemical 430:437 arg1 interactions 439:450 the chemical interactions 426:450 the chemical interactions between both phases (α-Fe2O3 and CHT) 426:488 Homogeneous and reproducible coatings have been obtained by studying and controlling the chemical interactions between both phases (α-Fe2O3 and CHT). 26682461 3 10 theme min 536:538 arg1 conditions 571:580 best deposition conditions 555:580 best deposition conditions 555:580 A voltage of 25 V and a deposition time of 5 min were chosen as best deposition conditions, which resulted in highly homogeneous coatings with well-distributed α-Fe2O3 particles. 26682461 3 10 theme min 536:538 arg1 time 526:529 a deposition time 513:529 a deposition time of 5 min 513:538 A voltage of 25 V and a deposition time of 5 min were chosen as best deposition conditions, which resulted in highly homogeneous coatings with well-distributed α-Fe2O3 particles. 26682461 3 10 theme min 536:538 arg1 voltage 493:499 A voltage 491:499 A voltage of 25 V 491:507 A voltage of 25 V and a deposition time of 5 min were chosen as best deposition conditions, which resulted in highly homogeneous coatings with well-distributed α-Fe2O3 particles. 26682461 1 11 theme nm 196:197 arg1 molecules 218:226 size 110 nm and chitosan (CHT) molecules 187:226 size 110 nm and chitosan (CHT) molecules for different biotechnological applications 187:270 Promising composite coatings based on hematite (α-Fe2O3) mesocrystals of size 110 nm and chitosan (CHT) molecules for different biotechnological applications have been successfully obtained by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). 26682461 2 12 theme Homogeneous 341:351 arg1 coatings 370:377 Homogeneous and reproducible coatings 341:377 Homogeneous and reproducible coatings 341:377 Homogeneous and reproducible coatings have been obtained by studying and controlling the chemical interactions between both phases (α-Fe2O3 and CHT). 26682461 0 13 theme Electrophoretic 0:14 arg1 Deposition 16:25 Electrophoretic Deposition 0:25 Electrophoretic Deposition of α-Fe2O3/Chitosan 0:45 Electrophoretic Deposition of α-Fe2O3/Chitosan Nanocomposite Coatings for Functional and Biomedical Applications. 26682461 1 14 theme composite 124:132 arg1 coatings 134:141 Promising composite coatings 114:141 Promising composite coatings based on hematite (α-Fe2O3) mesocrystals of size 110 nm and chitosan (CHT) molecules for different biotechnological applications 114:270 Promising composite coatings based on hematite (α-Fe2O3) mesocrystals of size 110 nm and chitosan (CHT) molecules for different biotechnological applications have been successfully obtained by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). 26682461 1 15 theme chitosan 203:210 arg1 molecules 218:226 size 110 nm and chitosan (CHT) molecules 187:226 size 110 nm and chitosan (CHT) molecules for different biotechnological applications 187:270 Promising composite coatings based on hematite (α-Fe2O3) mesocrystals of size 110 nm and chitosan (CHT) molecules for different biotechnological applications have been successfully obtained by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). 26682461 0 16 theme α-Fe2O3/Chitosan 30:45 arg1 Deposition 16:25 Electrophoretic Deposition 0:25 Electrophoretic Deposition of α-Fe2O3/Chitosan 0:45 Electrophoretic Deposition of α-Fe2O3/Chitosan Nanocomposite Coatings for Functional and Biomedical Applications. 26682461 1 17 theme electrophoretic 307:321 arg1 deposition 323:332 electrophoretic deposition 307:332 electrophoretic deposition (EPD) 307:338 Promising composite coatings based on hematite (α-Fe2O3) mesocrystals of size 110 nm and chitosan (CHT) molecules for different biotechnological applications have been successfully obtained by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). 26682461 1 17 theme electrophoretic 307:321 arg1 EPD 335:337 EPD 335:337 EPD 335:337 Promising composite coatings based on hematite (α-Fe2O3) mesocrystals of size 110 nm and chitosan (CHT) molecules for different biotechnological applications have been successfully obtained by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). 26682461 4 18 theme 26 792:793 arg1 content 705:711 the content 701:711 the content of α-Fe2O3 and chitosan in the final composite coating 701:766 According to TGA measurements, the content of α-Fe2O3 and chitosan in the final composite coating were found to be 74 and 26 wt%, respectively. 26682461 4 18 theme 26 792:793 arg1 % 797:797 74 and 26 wt% 785:797 % 797:797 According to TGA measurements, the content of α-Fe2O3 and chitosan in the final composite coating were found to be 74 and 26 wt%, respectively. 26682461 1 19 theme size 187:190 arg1 nm 196:197 size 110 nm 187:197 size 110 nm 187:197 Promising composite coatings based on hematite (α-Fe2O3) mesocrystals of size 110 nm and chitosan (CHT) molecules for different biotechnological applications have been successfully obtained by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). 26682461 4 20 theme α-Fe2O3 716:722 arg1 content 705:711 the content 701:711 the content of α-Fe2O3 and chitosan in the final composite coating 701:766 According to TGA measurements, the content of α-Fe2O3 and chitosan in the final composite coating were found to be 74 and 26 wt%, respectively. 26682461 4 20 theme α-Fe2O3 716:722 arg1 % 797:797 74 and 26 wt% 785:797 % 797:797 According to TGA measurements, the content of α-Fe2O3 and chitosan in the final composite coating were found to be 74 and 26 wt%, respectively. 26682461 4 21 theme TGA 683:685 arg1 measurements 687:698 TGA measurements 683:698 TGA measurements 683:698 According to TGA measurements, the content of α-Fe2O3 and chitosan in the final composite coating were found to be 74 and 26 wt%, respectively. 26682461 5 22 theme phases 835:840 arg1 presence 818:825 The presence 814:825 The presence of both phases in the composite coating 814:865 The presence of both phases in the composite coating was determined by XRD analysis and the coatings microstructure was observed by SEM. 26682461 3 23 theme well-distributed 634:649 arg1 particles 659:667 well-distributed α-Fe2O3 particles 634:667 well-distributed α-Fe2O3 particles 634:667 A voltage of 25 V and a deposition time of 5 min were chosen as best deposition conditions, which resulted in highly homogeneous coatings with well-distributed α-Fe2O3 particles. 26682461 1 24 theme molecules 218:226 arg1 mesocrystals 171:182 hematite (α-Fe2O3) mesocrystals 152:182 hematite (α-Fe2O3) mesocrystals of size 110 nm and chitosan (CHT) molecules for different biotechnological applications 152:270 Promising composite coatings based on hematite (α-Fe2O3) mesocrystals of size 110 nm and chitosan (CHT) molecules for different biotechnological applications have been successfully obtained by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). 26682461 0 25 theme Functional 74:83 arg1 Applications 100:111 Functional and Biomedical Applications 74:111 Functional and Biomedical Applications 74:111 Electrophoretic Deposition of α-Fe2O3/Chitosan Nanocomposite Coatings for Functional and Biomedical Applications. 26682461 3 26 theme α-Fe2O3 651:657 arg1 particles 659:667 well-distributed α-Fe2O3 particles 634:667 well-distributed α-Fe2O3 particles 634:667 A voltage of 25 V and a deposition time of 5 min were chosen as best deposition conditions, which resulted in highly homogeneous coatings with well-distributed α-Fe2O3 particles. 26682461 2 27 dep phases 465:470 arg1 CHT 485:487 CHT 485:487 CHT 485:487 Homogeneous and reproducible coatings have been obtained by studying and controlling the chemical interactions between both phases (α-Fe2O3 and CHT). 26682461 2 27 dep phases 465:470 arg1 α-Fe2O3 473:479 α-Fe2O3 473:479 α-Fe2O3 473:479 Homogeneous and reproducible coatings have been obtained by studying and controlling the chemical interactions between both phases (α-Fe2O3 and CHT). 26682461 2 27 dep phases 465:470 arg1 phases 465:470 both phases 460:470 both phases (α-Fe2O3 and CHT) 460:488 Homogeneous and reproducible coatings have been obtained by studying and controlling the chemical interactions between both phases (α-Fe2O3 and CHT). 26682461 3 28 theme V 507:507 arg1 conditions 571:580 best deposition conditions 555:580 best deposition conditions 555:580 A voltage of 25 V and a deposition time of 5 min were chosen as best deposition conditions, which resulted in highly homogeneous coatings with well-distributed α-Fe2O3 particles. 26682461 3 28 theme V 507:507 arg1 time 526:529 a deposition time 513:529 a deposition time of 5 min 513:538 A voltage of 25 V and a deposition time of 5 min were chosen as best deposition conditions, which resulted in highly homogeneous coatings with well-distributed α-Fe2O3 particles. 26682461 3 28 theme V 507:507 arg1 voltage 493:499 A voltage 491:499 A voltage of 25 V 491:507 A voltage of 25 V and a deposition time of 5 min were chosen as best deposition conditions, which resulted in highly homogeneous coatings with well-distributed α-Fe2O3 particles. 26682461 5 29 attach presence 818:825 arg1 coating 859:865 the composite coating 845:865 the composite coating 845:865 The presence of both phases in the composite coating was determined by XRD analysis and the coatings microstructure was observed by SEM. 26682461 5 29 attach presence 818:825 arg2 phases 835:840 both phases 830:840 both phases 830:840 The presence of both phases in the composite coating was determined by XRD analysis and the coatings microstructure was observed by SEM. 26682461 1 30 theme hematite 152:159 arg1 mesocrystals 171:182 hematite (α-Fe2O3) mesocrystals 152:182 hematite (α-Fe2O3) mesocrystals of size 110 nm and chitosan (CHT) molecules for different biotechnological applications 152:270 Promising composite coatings based on hematite (α-Fe2O3) mesocrystals of size 110 nm and chitosan (CHT) molecules for different biotechnological applications have been successfully obtained by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). 26682461 3 31 theme deposition 560:569 arg1 voltage 493:499 A voltage 491:499 A voltage of 25 V 491:507 A voltage of 25 V and a deposition time of 5 min were chosen as best deposition conditions, which resulted in highly homogeneous coatings with well-distributed α-Fe2O3 particles. 26682461 3 31 theme deposition 560:569 arg1 time 526:529 a deposition time 513:529 a deposition time of 5 min 513:538 A voltage of 25 V and a deposition time of 5 min were chosen as best deposition conditions, which resulted in highly homogeneous coatings with well-distributed α-Fe2O3 particles. 26682461 3 31 theme deposition 560:569 arg1 conditions 571:580 best deposition conditions 555:580 best deposition conditions 555:580 A voltage of 25 V and a deposition time of 5 min were chosen as best deposition conditions, which resulted in highly homogeneous coatings with well-distributed α-Fe2O3 particles. 26682461 5 32 from presence 818:825 arg1 coating 859:865 the composite coating 845:865 the composite coating 845:865 The presence of both phases in the composite coating was determined by XRD analysis and the coatings microstructure was observed by SEM. 26682461 2 33 theme reproducible 357:368 arg1 coatings 370:377 Homogeneous and reproducible coatings 341:377 Homogeneous and reproducible coatings 341:377 Homogeneous and reproducible coatings have been obtained by studying and controlling the chemical interactions between both phases (α-Fe2O3 and CHT). 26682461 5 34 theme composite 849:857 arg1 coating 859:865 the composite coating 845:865 the composite coating 845:865 The presence of both phases in the composite coating was determined by XRD analysis and the coatings microstructure was observed by SEM. 26682461 4 35 theme 74 785:786 arg1 content 705:711 the content 701:711 the content of α-Fe2O3 and chitosan in the final composite coating 701:766 According to TGA measurements, the content of α-Fe2O3 and chitosan in the final composite coating were found to be 74 and 26 wt%, respectively. 26682461 4 35 theme 74 785:786 arg1 % 797:797 74 and 26 wt% 785:797 % 797:797 According to TGA measurements, the content of α-Fe2O3 and chitosan in the final composite coating were found to be 74 and 26 wt%, respectively. 26682461 4 36 theme composite 750:758 arg1 coating 760:766 the final composite coating 740:766 the final composite coating 740:766 According to TGA measurements, the content of α-Fe2O3 and chitosan in the final composite coating were found to be 74 and 26 wt%, respectively. 26682461 1 37 theme α-Fe2O3 162:168 arg1 mesocrystals 171:182 hematite (α-Fe2O3) mesocrystals 152:182 hematite (α-Fe2O3) mesocrystals of size 110 nm and chitosan (CHT) molecules for different biotechnological applications 152:270 Promising composite coatings based on hematite (α-Fe2O3) mesocrystals of size 110 nm and chitosan (CHT) molecules for different biotechnological applications have been successfully obtained by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). 26682461 1 38 theme different 232:240 arg1 applications 259:270 different biotechnological applications 232:270 different biotechnological applications 232:270 Promising composite coatings based on hematite (α-Fe2O3) mesocrystals of size 110 nm and chitosan (CHT) molecules for different biotechnological applications have been successfully obtained by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). 26682461 0 39 theme Biomedical 89:98 arg1 Applications 100:111 Functional and Biomedical Applications 74:111 Functional and Biomedical Applications 74:111 Electrophoretic Deposition of α-Fe2O3/Chitosan Nanocomposite Coatings for Functional and Biomedical Applications. 26682461 4 40 theme wt 795:796 arg1 content 705:711 the content 701:711 the content of α-Fe2O3 and chitosan in the final composite coating 701:766 According to TGA measurements, the content of α-Fe2O3 and chitosan in the final composite coating were found to be 74 and 26 wt%, respectively. 26682461 4 40 theme wt 795:796 arg1 % 797:797 74 and 26 wt% 785:797 % 797:797 According to TGA measurements, the content of α-Fe2O3 and chitosan in the final composite coating were found to be 74 and 26 wt%, respectively. 26682461 1 41 theme biotechnological 242:257 arg1 applications 259:270 different biotechnological applications 232:270 different biotechnological applications 232:270 Promising composite coatings based on hematite (α-Fe2O3) mesocrystals of size 110 nm and chitosan (CHT) molecules for different biotechnological applications have been successfully obtained by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). 26682461 3 42 theme homogeneous 608:618 arg1 coatings 620:627 highly homogeneous coatings 601:627 highly homogeneous coatings with well-distributed α-Fe2O3 particles 601:667 A voltage of 25 V and a deposition time of 5 min were chosen as best deposition conditions, which resulted in highly homogeneous coatings with well-distributed α-Fe2O3 particles. 25958284 2 0 from temperatures 358:369 arg1 function 316:323 a function 314:323 a function of pH (3 to 10.5) at 4 different temperatures (15, 25, 40, or 90°C) to propose appropriate membrane-processing conditions for efficient use of AW streams 314:477 Hence, the present study aimed to identify chemical and physical properties of AW solutions as a function of pH (3 to 10.5) at 4 different temperatures (15, 25, 40, or 90°C) to propose appropriate membrane-processing conditions for efficient use of AW streams. 25958284 2 0 from temperatures 358:369 arg1 10.5 337:340 10.5 337:340 10.5 337:340 Hence, the present study aimed to identify chemical and physical properties of AW solutions as a function of pH (3 to 10.5) at 4 different temperatures (15, 25, 40, or 90°C) to propose appropriate membrane-processing conditions for efficient use of AW streams. 25958284 2 0 from temperatures 358:369 arg1 pH 328:329 pH 328:329 pH (3 to 10.5) at 4 different temperatures 328:369 Hence, the present study aimed to identify chemical and physical properties of AW solutions as a function of pH (3 to 10.5) at 4 different temperatures (15, 25, 40, or 90°C) to propose appropriate membrane-processing conditions for efficient use of AW streams. 25958284 8 1 theme protein 1270:1276 arg1 denaturation 1278:1289 protein denaturation 1270:1289 protein denaturation 1270:1289 High lactic acid concentrations appeared to hinder protein aggregation by hydrophobic interactions and may also indirectly influence protein denaturation. 25958284 4 2 theme pH 686:687 arg1 decline 689:695 pH decline 686:695 pH decline 686:695 Lactic acid content decreased with pH decline and rose at higher temperatures. 25958284 0 3 theme temperature 48:58 arg1 function 29:36 a function 27:36 a function of pH and temperature 27:58 Properties of acid whey as a function of pH and temperature. 25958284 1 4 theme other 124:128 arg1 types 135:139 other whey types 124:139 other whey types 124:139 Compositional differences of acid whey (AW) in comparison with other whey types limit its processability and application of conventional membrane processing. 25958284 9 5 dep separation 1476:1485 arg1 an 1463:1464 an 1463:1464 an 1463:1464 Processing conditions such as pH and temperature need to be optimized to manipulate composition, state, and surface characteristics of components of AW systems to achieve an efficient separation and concentration of lactic acid and lactose. 25958284 2 6 dep function 316:323 arg1 40 380:381 40 380:381 40 380:381 Hence, the present study aimed to identify chemical and physical properties of AW solutions as a function of pH (3 to 10.5) at 4 different temperatures (15, 25, 40, or 90°C) to propose appropriate membrane-processing conditions for efficient use of AW streams. 25958284 2 6 dep function 316:323 arg1 90°C 387:390 90°C 387:390 90°C 387:390 Hence, the present study aimed to identify chemical and physical properties of AW solutions as a function of pH (3 to 10.5) at 4 different temperatures (15, 25, 40, or 90°C) to propose appropriate membrane-processing conditions for efficient use of AW streams. 25958284 2 6 dep function 316:323 arg1 propose 396:402 propose 396:402 to propose appropriate membrane-processing conditions for efficient use of AW streams 393:477 Hence, the present study aimed to identify chemical and physical properties of AW solutions as a function of pH (3 to 10.5) at 4 different temperatures (15, 25, 40, or 90°C) to propose appropriate membrane-processing conditions for efficient use of AW streams. 25958284 2 7 theme chemical 262:269 arg1 properties 284:293 chemical and physical properties 262:293 chemical and physical properties of AW solutions as a function of pH (3 to 10.5) at 4 different temperatures (15, 25, 40, or 90°C) to propose appropriate membrane-processing conditions for efficient use of AW streams 262:477 Hence, the present study aimed to identify chemical and physical properties of AW solutions as a function of pH (3 to 10.5) at 4 different temperatures (15, 25, 40, or 90°C) to propose appropriate membrane-processing conditions for efficient use of AW streams. 25958284 2 8 theme membrane-processing 416:434 arg1 conditions 436:445 appropriate membrane-processing conditions 404:445 appropriate membrane-processing conditions 404:445 Hence, the present study aimed to identify chemical and physical properties of AW solutions as a function of pH (3 to 10.5) at 4 different temperatures (15, 25, 40, or 90°C) to propose appropriate membrane-processing conditions for efficient use of AW streams. 25958284 1 9 with comparison 108:117 arg1 types 135:139 other whey types 124:139 other whey types 124:139 Compositional differences of acid whey (AW) in comparison with other whey types limit its processability and application of conventional membrane processing. 25958284 9 10 theme efficient 1466:1474 arg1 separation 1476:1485 efficient separation 1466:1485 efficient separation 1466:1485 Processing conditions such as pH and temperature need to be optimized to manipulate composition, state, and surface characteristics of components of AW systems to achieve an efficient separation and concentration of lactic acid and lactose. 25958284 2 11 theme appropriate 404:414 arg1 conditions 436:445 appropriate membrane-processing conditions 404:445 appropriate membrane-processing conditions 404:445 Hence, the present study aimed to identify chemical and physical properties of AW solutions as a function of pH (3 to 10.5) at 4 different temperatures (15, 25, 40, or 90°C) to propose appropriate membrane-processing conditions for efficient use of AW streams. 25958284 4 12 theme Lactic 651:656 arg1 content 663:669 Lactic acid content 651:669 Lactic acid content 651:669 Lactic acid content decreased with pH decline and rose at higher temperatures. 25958284 5 13 theme induced 825:831 arg1 attractions 843:853 induced molecular attractions 825:853 induced molecular attractions 825:853 Calcium appeared to form complexes with phosphates and lactates mainly, which in turn may have induced molecular attractions with the proteins. 25958284 1 14 theme whey 130:133 arg1 types 135:139 other whey types 124:139 other whey types 124:139 Compositional differences of acid whey (AW) in comparison with other whey types limit its processability and application of conventional membrane processing. 25958284 9 15 theme surface 1400:1406 arg1 characteristics 1408:1422 surface characteristics 1400:1422 surface characteristics 1400:1422 Processing conditions such as pH and temperature need to be optimized to manipulate composition, state, and surface characteristics of components of AW systems to achieve an efficient separation and concentration of lactic acid and lactose. 25958284 2 16 from function 316:323 arg1 temperatures 358:369 4 different temperatures 346:369 4 different temperatures 346:369 Hence, the present study aimed to identify chemical and physical properties of AW solutions as a function of pH (3 to 10.5) at 4 different temperatures (15, 25, 40, or 90°C) to propose appropriate membrane-processing conditions for efficient use of AW streams. 25958284 1 17 theme membrane 198:205 arg1 processing 207:216 conventional membrane processing 185:216 conventional membrane processing 185:216 Compositional differences of acid whey (AW) in comparison with other whey types limit its processability and application of conventional membrane processing. 25958284 8 18 theme acid 1149:1152 arg1 concentrations 1154:1167 High lactic acid concentrations 1137:1167 High lactic acid concentrations 1137:1167 High lactic acid concentrations appeared to hinder protein aggregation by hydrophobic interactions and may also indirectly influence protein denaturation. 25958284 7 19 theme 90°C. 1090:1094 arg1 charge 1104:1109 90°C. Surface charge 1090:1109 90°C. Surface charge 1090:1109 Surface hydrophobicity of these particles increased significantly with temperature up to 40°C and decreased with further heating to 90°C. Surface charge was clearly pH dependent. 25958284 7 20 theme particles 990:998 arg1 hydrophobicity 966:979 Surface hydrophobicity 958:979 Surface hydrophobicity of these particles increased significantly with temperature up to 40°C and decreased with further heating to 90°C. Surface charge 958:1109 Surface hydrophobicity of these particles increased significantly with temperature up to 40°C and decreased with further heating to 90°C. Surface charge was clearly pH dependent. 25958284 9 21 theme lactic 1508:1513 arg1 acid 1515:1518 lactic acid 1508:1518 lactic acid 1508:1518 Processing conditions such as pH and temperature need to be optimized to manipulate composition, state, and surface characteristics of components of AW systems to achieve an efficient separation and concentration of lactic acid and lactose. 25958284 1 22 theme Compositional 61:73 arg1 differences 75:85 Compositional differences 61:85 Compositional differences of acid whey (AW) in comparison with other whey types 61:139 Compositional differences of acid whey (AW) in comparison with other whey types limit its processability and application of conventional membrane processing. 25958284 9 23 theme AW 1441:1442 arg1 systems 1444:1450 AW systems 1441:1450 AW systems 1441:1450 Processing conditions such as pH and temperature need to be optimized to manipulate composition, state, and surface characteristics of components of AW systems to achieve an efficient separation and concentration of lactic acid and lactose. 25958284 7 24 theme Surface 958:964 arg1 hydrophobicity 966:979 Surface hydrophobicity 958:979 Surface hydrophobicity of these particles increased significantly with temperature up to 40°C and decreased with further heating to 90°C. Surface charge 958:1109 Surface hydrophobicity of these particles increased significantly with temperature up to 40°C and decreased with further heating to 90°C. Surface charge was clearly pH dependent. 25958284 9 25 theme acid 1515:1518 arg1 concentration 1491:1503 concentration 1491:1503 concentration 1491:1503 Processing conditions such as pH and temperature need to be optimized to manipulate composition, state, and surface characteristics of components of AW systems to achieve an efficient separation and concentration of lactic acid and lactose. 25958284 9 25 theme acid 1515:1518 arg1 separation 1476:1485 efficient separation 1466:1485 efficient separation 1466:1485 Processing conditions such as pH and temperature need to be optimized to manipulate composition, state, and surface characteristics of components of AW systems to achieve an efficient separation and concentration of lactic acid and lactose. 25958284 2 26 theme physical 275:282 arg1 properties 284:293 chemical and physical properties 262:293 chemical and physical properties of AW solutions as a function of pH (3 to 10.5) at 4 different temperatures (15, 25, 40, or 90°C) to propose appropriate membrane-processing conditions for efficient use of AW streams 262:477 Hence, the present study aimed to identify chemical and physical properties of AW solutions as a function of pH (3 to 10.5) at 4 different temperatures (15, 25, 40, or 90°C) to propose appropriate membrane-processing conditions for efficient use of AW streams. 25958284 3 27 from concentration 484:496 arg1 supernatants 569:580 centrifuged supernatants 557:580 centrifuged supernatants 557:580 The concentration of minerals, mainly calcium and phosphate, and proteins in centrifuged supernatants was significantly lowered with increase in either pH or temperature. 25958284 0 28 theme whey 19:22 arg1 Properties 0:9 Properties 0:9 Properties of acid whey as a function of pH and temperature 0:58 Properties of acid whey as a function of pH and temperature. 25958284 4 29 theme higher 709:714 arg1 temperatures 716:727 higher temperatures 709:727 higher temperatures 709:727 Lactic acid content decreased with pH decline and rose at higher temperatures. 25958284 5 30 with complexes 755:763 arg1 lactates 785:792 lactates 785:792 lactates 785:792 Calcium appeared to form complexes with phosphates and lactates mainly, which in turn may have induced molecular attractions with the proteins. 25958284 5 30 with complexes 755:763 arg1 phosphates 770:779 phosphates 770:779 phosphates 770:779 Calcium appeared to form complexes with phosphates and lactates mainly, which in turn may have induced molecular attractions with the proteins. 25958284 9 31 theme lactose 1524:1530 arg1 concentration 1491:1503 concentration 1491:1503 concentration 1491:1503 Processing conditions such as pH and temperature need to be optimized to manipulate composition, state, and surface characteristics of components of AW systems to achieve an efficient separation and concentration of lactic acid and lactose. 25958284 9 31 theme lactose 1524:1530 arg1 separation 1476:1485 efficient separation 1466:1485 efficient separation 1466:1485 Processing conditions such as pH and temperature need to be optimized to manipulate composition, state, and surface characteristics of components of AW systems to achieve an efficient separation and concentration of lactic acid and lactose. 25958284 2 32 theme different 348:356 arg1 temperatures 358:369 4 different temperatures 346:369 4 different temperatures 346:369 Hence, the present study aimed to identify chemical and physical properties of AW solutions as a function of pH (3 to 10.5) at 4 different temperatures (15, 25, 40, or 90°C) to propose appropriate membrane-processing conditions for efficient use of AW streams. 25958284 0 33 theme acid 14:17 arg1 whey 19:22 acid whey 14:22 acid whey 14:22 Properties of acid whey as a function of pH and temperature. 25958284 9 34 theme Processing 1292:1301 arg1 temperature 1329:1339 temperature 1329:1339 temperature 1329:1339 Processing conditions such as pH and temperature need to be optimized to manipulate composition, state, and surface characteristics of components of AW systems to achieve an efficient separation and concentration of lactic acid and lactose. 25958284 9 34 theme Processing 1292:1301 arg1 conditions 1303:1312 Processing conditions 1292:1312 Processing conditions such as pH and temperature 1292:1339 Processing conditions such as pH and temperature need to be optimized to manipulate composition, state, and surface characteristics of components of AW systems to achieve an efficient separation and concentration of lactic acid and lactose. 25958284 9 34 theme Processing 1292:1301 arg1 pH 1322:1323 pH 1322:1323 pH 1322:1323 Processing conditions such as pH and temperature need to be optimized to manipulate composition, state, and surface characteristics of components of AW systems to achieve an efficient separation and concentration of lactic acid and lactose. 25958284 9 35 theme systems 1444:1450 arg1 components 1427:1436 components 1427:1436 components of AW systems 1427:1450 Processing conditions such as pH and temperature need to be optimized to manipulate composition, state, and surface characteristics of components of AW systems to achieve an efficient separation and concentration of lactic acid and lactose. 25958284 3 36 theme proteins 545:552 arg1 concentration 484:496 The concentration 480:496 The concentration of minerals, mainly calcium and phosphate, and proteins in centrifuged supernatants 480:580 The concentration of minerals, mainly calcium and phosphate, and proteins in centrifuged supernatants was significantly lowered with increase in either pH or temperature. 25958284 1 37 theme acid 90:93 arg1 AW 101:102 acid whey (AW) 90:103 acid whey (AW) 90:103 Compositional differences of acid whey (AW) in comparison with other whey types limit its processability and application of conventional membrane processing. 25958284 8 38 theme hydrophobic 1211:1221 arg1 interactions 1223:1234 hydrophobic interactions 1211:1234 hydrophobic interactions 1211:1234 High lactic acid concentrations appeared to hinder protein aggregation by hydrophobic interactions and may also indirectly influence protein denaturation. 25958284 2 39 theme efficient 451:459 arg1 use 461:463 efficient use 451:463 efficient use of AW streams 451:477 Hence, the present study aimed to identify chemical and physical properties of AW solutions as a function of pH (3 to 10.5) at 4 different temperatures (15, 25, 40, or 90°C) to propose appropriate membrane-processing conditions for efficient use of AW streams. 25958284 7 40 theme Surface 1096:1102 arg1 charge 1104:1109 90°C. Surface charge 1090:1109 90°C. Surface charge 1090:1109 Surface hydrophobicity of these particles increased significantly with temperature up to 40°C and decreased with further heating to 90°C. Surface charge was clearly pH dependent. 25958284 3 41 theme minerals 501:508 arg1 concentration 484:496 The concentration 480:496 The concentration of minerals, mainly calcium and phosphate, and proteins in centrifuged supernatants 480:580 The concentration of minerals, mainly calcium and phosphate, and proteins in centrifuged supernatants was significantly lowered with increase in either pH or temperature. 25958284 6 42 theme particle 942:949 arg1 sizes 951:955 large particle sizes 936:955 large particle sizes 936:955 An increase in pH led to more soluble protein aggregates with large particle sizes. 25958284 7 43 theme further 1071:1077 arg1 heating 1079:1085 further heating 1071:1085 further heating to 90°C. Surface charge 1071:1109 Surface hydrophobicity of these particles increased significantly with temperature up to 40°C and decreased with further heating to 90°C. Surface charge was clearly pH dependent. 25958284 6 44 from increase 877:884 arg1 pH 889:890 pH 889:890 pH 889:890 An increase in pH led to more soluble protein aggregates with large particle sizes. 25958284 6 45 theme protein 912:918 arg1 aggregates 920:929 more soluble protein aggregates 899:929 more soluble protein aggregates with large particle sizes 899:955 An increase in pH led to more soluble protein aggregates with large particle sizes. 25958284 6 46 theme large 936:940 arg1 sizes 951:955 large particle sizes 936:955 large particle sizes 936:955 An increase in pH led to more soluble protein aggregates with large particle sizes. 25958284 3 47 from increase 613:620 arg1 pH 632:633 pH 632:633 pH 632:633 The concentration of minerals, mainly calcium and phosphate, and proteins in centrifuged supernatants was significantly lowered with increase in either pH or temperature. 25958284 3 47 from increase 613:620 arg1 temperature 638:648 temperature 638:648 temperature 638:648 The concentration of minerals, mainly calcium and phosphate, and proteins in centrifuged supernatants was significantly lowered with increase in either pH or temperature. 25958284 7 48 dep hydrophobicity 966:979 arg1 increased 1000:1008 increased 1000:1008 increased significantly with temperature up to 40°C 1000:1050 Surface hydrophobicity of these particles increased significantly with temperature up to 40°C and decreased with further heating to 90°C. Surface charge was clearly pH dependent. 25958284 7 48 dep hydrophobicity 966:979 arg1 decreased 1056:1064 decreased 1056:1064 decreased with further heating to 90°C. Surface charge 1056:1109 Surface hydrophobicity of these particles increased significantly with temperature up to 40°C and decreased with further heating to 90°C. Surface charge was clearly pH dependent. 25958284 1 49 theme whey 95:98 arg1 AW 101:102 acid whey (AW) 90:103 acid whey (AW) 90:103 Compositional differences of acid whey (AW) in comparison with other whey types limit its processability and application of conventional membrane processing. 25958284 8 50 theme High 1137:1140 arg1 concentrations 1154:1167 High lactic acid concentrations 1137:1167 High lactic acid concentrations 1137:1167 High lactic acid concentrations appeared to hinder protein aggregation by hydrophobic interactions and may also indirectly influence protein denaturation. 25958284 6 51 with aggregates 920:929 arg1 sizes 951:955 large particle sizes 936:955 large particle sizes 936:955 An increase in pH led to more soluble protein aggregates with large particle sizes. 25958284 5 52 contain have 820:823 arg2 attractions 843:853 induced molecular attractions 825:853 induced molecular attractions 825:853 Calcium appeared to form complexes with phosphates and lactates mainly, which in turn may have induced molecular attractions with the proteins. 25958284 5 52 contain have 820:823 arg1 which 802:806 which 802:806 which 802:806 Calcium appeared to form complexes with phosphates and lactates mainly, which in turn may have induced molecular attractions with the proteins. 25958284 2 53 theme solutions 301:309 arg1 properties 284:293 chemical and physical properties 262:293 chemical and physical properties of AW solutions as a function of pH (3 to 10.5) at 4 different temperatures (15, 25, 40, or 90°C) to propose appropriate membrane-processing conditions for efficient use of AW streams 262:477 Hence, the present study aimed to identify chemical and physical properties of AW solutions as a function of pH (3 to 10.5) at 4 different temperatures (15, 25, 40, or 90°C) to propose appropriate membrane-processing conditions for efficient use of AW streams. 25958284 2 54 theme streams 471:477 arg1 use 461:463 efficient use 451:463 efficient use of AW streams 451:477 Hence, the present study aimed to identify chemical and physical properties of AW solutions as a function of pH (3 to 10.5) at 4 different temperatures (15, 25, 40, or 90°C) to propose appropriate membrane-processing conditions for efficient use of AW streams. 25958284 2 55 theme present 230:236 arg1 study 238:242 the present study 226:242 the present study 226:242 Hence, the present study aimed to identify chemical and physical properties of AW solutions as a function of pH (3 to 10.5) at 4 different temperatures (15, 25, 40, or 90°C) to propose appropriate membrane-processing conditions for efficient use of AW streams. 25958284 1 56 theme AW 101:102 arg1 differences 75:85 Compositional differences 61:85 Compositional differences of acid whey (AW) in comparison with other whey types 61:139 Compositional differences of acid whey (AW) in comparison with other whey types limit its processability and application of conventional membrane processing. 25958284 1 57 theme conventional 185:196 arg1 processing 207:216 conventional membrane processing 185:216 conventional membrane processing 185:216 Compositional differences of acid whey (AW) in comparison with other whey types limit its processability and application of conventional membrane processing. 25958284 2 58 theme AW 468:469 arg1 streams 471:477 AW streams 468:477 AW streams 468:477 Hence, the present study aimed to identify chemical and physical properties of AW solutions as a function of pH (3 to 10.5) at 4 different temperatures (15, 25, 40, or 90°C) to propose appropriate membrane-processing conditions for efficient use of AW streams. 25958284 3 59 theme centrifuged 557:567 arg1 supernatants 569:580 centrifuged supernatants 557:580 centrifuged supernatants 557:580 The concentration of minerals, mainly calcium and phosphate, and proteins in centrifuged supernatants was significantly lowered with increase in either pH or temperature. 25958284 4 60 theme acid 658:661 arg1 content 663:669 Lactic acid content 651:669 Lactic acid content 651:669 Lactic acid content decreased with pH decline and rose at higher temperatures. 25958284 5 61 theme molecular 833:841 arg1 attractions 843:853 induced molecular attractions 825:853 induced molecular attractions 825:853 Calcium appeared to form complexes with phosphates and lactates mainly, which in turn may have induced molecular attractions with the proteins. 25958284 8 62 theme lactic 1142:1147 arg1 concentrations 1154:1167 High lactic acid concentrations 1137:1167 High lactic acid concentrations 1137:1167 High lactic acid concentrations appeared to hinder protein aggregation by hydrophobic interactions and may also indirectly influence protein denaturation. 25958284 2 63 theme AW 298:299 arg1 solutions 301:309 AW solutions 298:309 AW solutions as a function of pH (3 to 10.5) at 4 different temperatures (15, 25, 40, or 90°C) to propose appropriate membrane-processing conditions for efficient use of AW streams 298:477 Hence, the present study aimed to identify chemical and physical properties of AW solutions as a function of pH (3 to 10.5) at 4 different temperatures (15, 25, 40, or 90°C) to propose appropriate membrane-processing conditions for efficient use of AW streams. 25958284 9 64 theme components 1427:1436 arg1 characteristics 1408:1422 surface characteristics 1400:1422 surface characteristics 1400:1422 Processing conditions such as pH and temperature need to be optimized to manipulate composition, state, and surface characteristics of components of AW systems to achieve an efficient separation and concentration of lactic acid and lactose. 25958284 9 64 theme components 1427:1436 arg1 state 1389:1393 state 1389:1393 state 1389:1393 Processing conditions such as pH and temperature need to be optimized to manipulate composition, state, and surface characteristics of components of AW systems to achieve an efficient separation and concentration of lactic acid and lactose. 25958284 9 64 theme components 1427:1436 arg1 composition 1376:1386 composition 1376:1386 composition 1376:1386 Processing conditions such as pH and temperature need to be optimized to manipulate composition, state, and surface characteristics of components of AW systems to achieve an efficient separation and concentration of lactic acid and lactose. 25958284 2 65 dep 10.5 337:340 arg1 to 334:335 to 334:335 to 334:335 Hence, the present study aimed to identify chemical and physical properties of AW solutions as a function of pH (3 to 10.5) at 4 different temperatures (15, 25, 40, or 90°C) to propose appropriate membrane-processing conditions for efficient use of AW streams. 25958284 8 66 theme protein 1188:1194 arg1 aggregation 1196:1206 protein aggregation 1188:1206 protein aggregation 1188:1206 High lactic acid concentrations appeared to hinder protein aggregation by hydrophobic interactions and may also indirectly influence protein denaturation. 25958284 2 67 theme pH 328:329 arg1 function 316:323 a function 314:323 a function of pH (3 to 10.5) at 4 different temperatures (15, 25, 40, or 90°C) to propose appropriate membrane-processing conditions for efficient use of AW streams 314:477 Hence, the present study aimed to identify chemical and physical properties of AW solutions as a function of pH (3 to 10.5) at 4 different temperatures (15, 25, 40, or 90°C) to propose appropriate membrane-processing conditions for efficient use of AW streams. 25958284 1 68 from differences 75:85 arg1 comparison 108:117 comparison 108:117 comparison with other whey types 108:139 Compositional differences of acid whey (AW) in comparison with other whey types limit its processability and application of conventional membrane processing. 25958284 1 69 theme processing 207:216 arg1 application 170:180 application 170:180 application of conventional membrane processing 170:216 Compositional differences of acid whey (AW) in comparison with other whey types limit its processability and application of conventional membrane processing. 25958284 1 69 theme processing 207:216 arg1 processability 151:164 its processability 147:164 its processability 147:164 Compositional differences of acid whey (AW) in comparison with other whey types limit its processability and application of conventional membrane processing. 25958284 0 70 theme pH 41:42 arg1 function 29:36 a function 27:36 a function of pH and temperature 27:58 Properties of acid whey as a function of pH and temperature. 25958284 3 71 theme calcium 518:524 arg1 concentration 484:496 The concentration 480:496 The concentration of minerals, mainly calcium and phosphate, and proteins in centrifuged supernatants 480:580 The concentration of minerals, mainly calcium and phosphate, and proteins in centrifuged supernatants was significantly lowered with increase in either pH or temperature. 25958284 6 72 theme soluble 904:910 arg1 aggregates 920:929 more soluble protein aggregates 899:929 more soluble protein aggregates with large particle sizes 899:955 An increase in pH led to more soluble protein aggregates with large particle sizes. 26092060 0 0 theme fish 94:97 arg1 storage 99:105 chilled fish storage 86:105 chilled fish storage 86:105 Development and characterization of an LDPE/chitosan composite antimicrobial film for chilled fish storage. 26092060 6 1 contain had 824:826 arg1 interaction 758:768 The interaction 754:768 The interaction between the LDPE/CS 754:788 The interaction between the LDPE/CS and maleic anhydride grafted LDPE had a decreasing effect on the tensile strength and heat sealing properties. 26092060 6 1 contain had 824:826 arg2 effect 841:846 a decreasing effect 828:846 a decreasing effect on the tensile strength and heat sealing properties 828:898 The interaction between the LDPE/CS and maleic anhydride grafted LDPE had a decreasing effect on the tensile strength and heat sealing properties. 26092060 6 1 contain had 824:826 arg1 LDPE 819:822 maleic anhydride grafted LDPE 794:822 maleic anhydride grafted LDPE 794:822 The interaction between the LDPE/CS and maleic anhydride grafted LDPE had a decreasing effect on the tensile strength and heat sealing properties. 26092060 1 2 theme embedding 171:179 arg1 % 191:191 1, 3 and 5% 181:191 uniformly embedding 1, 3 and 5% chitosan (w/w) in low density polyethylene matrix using maleic anhydride grafted LDPE as a compatible agent 161:299 An antimicrobial packaging material was developed by uniformly embedding 1, 3 and 5% chitosan (w/w) in low density polyethylene matrix using maleic anhydride grafted LDPE as a compatible agent. 26092060 1 2 theme embedding 171:179 arg1 w/w 203:205 w/w 203:205 w/w 203:205 An antimicrobial packaging material was developed by uniformly embedding 1, 3 and 5% chitosan (w/w) in low density polyethylene matrix using maleic anhydride grafted LDPE as a compatible agent. 26092060 1 3 theme polyethylene 223:234 arg1 matrix 236:241 low density polyethylene matrix 211:241 low density polyethylene matrix using maleic anhydride grafted LDPE as a compatible agent 211:299 An antimicrobial packaging material was developed by uniformly embedding 1, 3 and 5% chitosan (w/w) in low density polyethylene matrix using maleic anhydride grafted LDPE as a compatible agent. 26092060 0 4 theme chilled 86:92 arg1 storage 99:105 chilled fish storage 86:105 chilled fish storage 86:105 Development and characterization of an LDPE/chitosan composite antimicrobial film for chilled fish storage. 26092060 4 5 dep transform 519:527 arg1 infrared 529:536 infrared 529:536 transform infrared spectroscopy 519:549 Characterization of the composite films with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that chitosan and LDPE interacted well with each other. 26092060 5 6 theme chitosan 659:666 arg1 adduct 668:673 chitosan adduct 659:673 chitosan adduct 659:673 Overall migration showed better release of chitosan adduct from the LDPE matrix which enhanced the antibacterial properties of the films. 26092060 9 7 theme shelf 1319:1323 arg1 life 1325:1328 shelf life 1319:1328 shelf life 1319:1328 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 4 8 theme films 500:504 arg1 Characterization 466:481 Characterization 466:481 Characterization of the composite films with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy 466:549 Characterization of the composite films with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that chitosan and LDPE interacted well with each other. 26092060 5 9 theme adduct 668:673 arg1 release 648:654 better release 641:654 better release of chitosan adduct from the LDPE matrix which enhanced the antibacterial properties of the films 641:751 Overall migration showed better release of chitosan adduct from the LDPE matrix which enhanced the antibacterial properties of the films. 26092060 9 10 theme free 1194:1197 arg1 acid 1205:1208 free fatty acid 1194:1208 free fatty acid 1194:1208 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 9 10 theme free 1194:1197 arg1 indices 1169:1175 storage quality indices 1153:1175 storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) 1153:1263 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 7 11 theme % 973:973 arg1 inhibition 975:984 85-100% inhibition 967:984 85-100% inhibition of Escherichia coli 967:1004 Investigation on antimicrobial properties of LDPE/CS films showed 85-100% inhibition of Escherichia coli. 26092060 9 12 theme novel 1370:1374 arg1 films 1386:1390 novel composite films 1370:1390 novel composite films 1370:1390 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 1 13 theme maleic 249:254 arg1 anhydride 256:264 maleic anhydride 249:264 maleic anhydride grafted LDPE as a compatible agent 249:299 An antimicrobial packaging material was developed by uniformly embedding 1, 3 and 5% chitosan (w/w) in low density polyethylene matrix using maleic anhydride grafted LDPE as a compatible agent. 26092060 5 14 theme films 747:751 arg1 properties 729:738 the antibacterial properties 711:738 the antibacterial properties of the films 711:751 Overall migration showed better release of chitosan adduct from the LDPE matrix which enhanced the antibacterial properties of the films. 26092060 8 15 theme LDPE/CS 1019:1025 arg1 films 1027:1031 LDPE/CS films 1019:1031 LDPE/CS films 1019:1031 Efficacy of LDPE/CS films was evaluated by using them as packaging material for chilled storage of Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). 26092060 5 16 theme Overall 616:622 arg1 migration 624:632 Overall migration 616:632 Overall migration 616:632 Overall migration showed better release of chitosan adduct from the LDPE matrix which enhanced the antibacterial properties of the films. 26092060 9 17 theme good 1274:1277 arg1 property 1293:1300 good antibacterial property 1274:1300 good antibacterial property 1274:1300 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 9 18 theme life 1325:1328 arg1 extension 1306:1314 extension 1306:1314 extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan 1306:1355 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 6 19 from effect 841:846 arg1 strength 863:870 the tensile strength 851:870 the tensile strength 851:870 The interaction between the LDPE/CS and maleic anhydride grafted LDPE had a decreasing effect on the tensile strength and heat sealing properties. 26092060 6 19 from effect 841:846 arg1 heat 876:879 heat 876:879 heat 876:879 The interaction between the LDPE/CS and maleic anhydride grafted LDPE had a decreasing effect on the tensile strength and heat sealing properties. 26092060 6 20 theme anhydride 801:809 arg1 LDPE 819:822 maleic anhydride grafted LDPE 794:822 maleic anhydride grafted LDPE 794:822 The interaction between the LDPE/CS and maleic anhydride grafted LDPE had a decreasing effect on the tensile strength and heat sealing properties. 26092060 7 21 from Investigation 901:913 arg1 properties 932:941 antimicrobial properties 918:941 antimicrobial properties of LDPE/CS films 918:958 Investigation on antimicrobial properties of LDPE/CS films showed 85-100% inhibition of Escherichia coli. 26092060 6 22 theme sealing 881:887 arg1 properties 889:898 sealing properties 881:898 sealing properties 881:898 The interaction between the LDPE/CS and maleic anhydride grafted LDPE had a decreasing effect on the tensile strength and heat sealing properties. 26092060 5 23 theme better 641:646 arg1 release 648:654 better release 641:654 better release of chitosan adduct from the LDPE matrix which enhanced the antibacterial properties of the films 641:751 Overall migration showed better release of chitosan adduct from the LDPE matrix which enhanced the antibacterial properties of the films. 26092060 6 24 theme maleic 794:799 arg1 anhydride 801:809 maleic anhydride 794:809 maleic anhydride grafted LDPE 794:822 The interaction between the LDPE/CS and maleic anhydride grafted LDPE had a decreasing effect on the tensile strength and heat sealing properties. 26092060 8 25 theme Oreochromis 1115:1125 arg1 Tilapia 1106:1112 Tilapia 1106:1112 Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) 1106:1138 Efficacy of LDPE/CS films was evaluated by using them as packaging material for chilled storage of Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). 26092060 8 25 theme Oreochromis 1115:1125 arg1 mossambicus 1127:1137 Oreochromis mossambicus 1115:1137 Oreochromis mossambicus 1115:1137 Efficacy of LDPE/CS films was evaluated by using them as packaging material for chilled storage of Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). 26092060 2 26 theme monolayer 357:365 arg1 films 367:371 monolayer films 357:371 monolayer films 357:371 The materials were mixed by compounding and blown into monolayer films via blown film extrusion. 26092060 9 27 theme Tilapia 1333:1339 arg1 extension 1306:1314 extension 1306:1314 extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan 1306:1355 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 6 28 theme decreasing 830:839 arg1 effect 841:846 a decreasing effect 828:846 a decreasing effect on the tensile strength and heat sealing properties 828:898 The interaction between the LDPE/CS and maleic anhydride grafted LDPE had a decreasing effect on the tensile strength and heat sealing properties. 26092060 4 29 dep Fourier 511:517 arg1 transform 519:527 transform 519:527 transform infrared spectroscopy 519:549 Characterization of the composite films with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that chitosan and LDPE interacted well with each other. 26092060 9 30 from chitosan 1348:1355 arg1 extension 1306:1314 extension 1306:1314 extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan 1306:1355 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 9 31 theme total 1211:1215 arg1 nitrogen 1231:1238 total volatile base nitrogen 1211:1238 total volatile base nitrogen 1211:1238 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 9 31 theme total 1211:1215 arg1 indices 1169:1175 storage quality indices 1153:1175 storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) 1153:1263 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 3 32 theme developed 403:411 arg1 films 413:417 The developed films 399:417 The developed films 399:417 The developed films showed good barrier properties against oxygen. 26092060 7 33 theme LDPE/CS 946:952 arg1 films 954:958 LDPE/CS films 946:958 LDPE/CS films 946:958 Investigation on antimicrobial properties of LDPE/CS films showed 85-100% inhibition of Escherichia coli. 26092060 6 34 theme grafted 811:817 arg1 LDPE 819:822 maleic anhydride grafted LDPE 794:822 maleic anhydride grafted LDPE 794:822 The interaction between the LDPE/CS and maleic anhydride grafted LDPE had a decreasing effect on the tensile strength and heat sealing properties. 26092060 9 35 theme volatile 1217:1224 arg1 nitrogen 1231:1238 total volatile base nitrogen 1211:1238 total volatile base nitrogen 1211:1238 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 9 35 theme volatile 1217:1224 arg1 indices 1169:1175 storage quality indices 1153:1175 storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) 1153:1263 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 9 36 from Tilapia 1333:1339 arg1 chitosan 1348:1355 the chitosan 1344:1355 the chitosan 1344:1355 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 9 37 theme storage 1153:1159 arg1 nitrogen 1231:1238 total volatile base nitrogen 1211:1238 total volatile base nitrogen 1211:1238 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 9 37 theme storage 1153:1159 arg1 acid 1205:1208 free fatty acid 1194:1208 free fatty acid 1194:1208 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 9 37 theme storage 1153:1159 arg1 count 1258:1262 aerobic plate count 1244:1262 aerobic plate count 1244:1262 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 9 37 theme storage 1153:1159 arg1 indices 1169:1175 storage quality indices 1153:1175 storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) 1153:1263 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 9 37 theme storage 1153:1159 arg1 value 1187:1191 peroxide value 1178:1191 peroxide value 1178:1191 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 9 38 theme plate 1252:1256 arg1 indices 1169:1175 storage quality indices 1153:1175 storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) 1153:1263 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 9 38 theme plate 1252:1256 arg1 count 1258:1262 aerobic plate count 1244:1262 aerobic plate count 1244:1262 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 1 39 theme antimicrobial 111:123 arg1 material 135:142 An antimicrobial packaging material 108:142 An antimicrobial packaging material 108:142 An antimicrobial packaging material was developed by uniformly embedding 1, 3 and 5% chitosan (w/w) in low density polyethylene matrix using maleic anhydride grafted LDPE as a compatible agent. 26092060 9 40 dep indices 1169:1175 arg1 nitrogen 1231:1238 total volatile base nitrogen 1211:1238 total volatile base nitrogen 1211:1238 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 9 40 dep indices 1169:1175 arg1 acid 1205:1208 free fatty acid 1194:1208 free fatty acid 1194:1208 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 9 40 dep indices 1169:1175 arg1 indices 1169:1175 storage quality indices 1153:1175 storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) 1153:1263 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 9 40 dep indices 1169:1175 arg1 count 1258:1262 aerobic plate count 1244:1262 aerobic plate count 1244:1262 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 9 40 dep indices 1169:1175 arg1 value 1187:1191 peroxide value 1178:1191 peroxide value 1178:1191 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 9 41 theme antibacterial 1279:1291 arg1 property 1293:1300 good antibacterial property 1274:1300 good antibacterial property 1274:1300 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 0 42 theme LDPE/chitosan 39:51 arg1 film 77:80 an LDPE/chitosan composite antimicrobial film 36:80 an LDPE/chitosan composite antimicrobial film for chilled fish storage 36:105 Development and characterization of an LDPE/chitosan composite antimicrobial film for chilled fish storage. 26092060 5 43 theme antibacterial 715:727 arg1 properties 729:738 the antibacterial properties 711:738 the antibacterial properties of the films 711:751 Overall migration showed better release of chitosan adduct from the LDPE matrix which enhanced the antibacterial properties of the films. 26092060 2 44 theme film 383:386 arg1 extrusion 388:396 blown film extrusion 377:396 blown film extrusion 377:396 The materials were mixed by compounding and blown into monolayer films via blown film extrusion. 26092060 3 45 theme good 426:429 arg1 properties 439:448 good barrier properties 426:448 good barrier properties 426:448 The developed films showed good barrier properties against oxygen. 26092060 9 46 from extension 1306:1314 arg1 chitosan 1348:1355 the chitosan 1344:1355 the chitosan 1344:1355 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 6 47 dep strength 863:870 arg1 properties 889:898 sealing properties 881:898 sealing properties 881:898 The interaction between the LDPE/CS and maleic anhydride grafted LDPE had a decreasing effect on the tensile strength and heat sealing properties. 26092060 8 48 theme Tilapia 1106:1112 arg1 storage 1095:1101 chilled storage 1087:1101 chilled storage of Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) 1087:1138 Efficacy of LDPE/CS films was evaluated by using them as packaging material for chilled storage of Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). 26092060 9 49 theme aerobic 1244:1250 arg1 indices 1169:1175 storage quality indices 1153:1175 storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) 1153:1263 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 9 49 theme aerobic 1244:1250 arg1 count 1258:1262 aerobic plate count 1244:1262 aerobic plate count 1244:1262 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 9 50 theme virgin 1404:1409 arg1 film 1416:1419 virgin LDPE film 1404:1419 virgin LDPE film 1404:1419 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 3 51 theme barrier 431:437 arg1 properties 439:448 good barrier properties 426:448 good barrier properties 426:448 The developed films showed good barrier properties against oxygen. 26092060 0 52 theme antimicrobial 63:75 arg1 film 77:80 an LDPE/chitosan composite antimicrobial film 36:80 an LDPE/chitosan composite antimicrobial film for chilled fish storage 36:105 Development and characterization of an LDPE/chitosan composite antimicrobial film for chilled fish storage. 26092060 1 53 theme compatible 284:293 arg1 agent 295:299 a compatible agent 282:299 a compatible agent 282:299 An antimicrobial packaging material was developed by uniformly embedding 1, 3 and 5% chitosan (w/w) in low density polyethylene matrix using maleic anhydride grafted LDPE as a compatible agent. 26092060 9 54 theme fatty 1199:1203 arg1 acid 1205:1208 free fatty acid 1194:1208 free fatty acid 1194:1208 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 9 54 theme fatty 1199:1203 arg1 indices 1169:1175 storage quality indices 1153:1175 storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) 1153:1263 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 6 55 theme tensile 855:861 arg1 strength 863:870 the tensile strength 851:870 the tensile strength 851:870 The interaction between the LDPE/CS and maleic anhydride grafted LDPE had a decreasing effect on the tensile strength and heat sealing properties. 26092060 9 56 theme base 1226:1229 arg1 nitrogen 1231:1238 total volatile base nitrogen 1211:1238 total volatile base nitrogen 1211:1238 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 9 56 theme base 1226:1229 arg1 indices 1169:1175 storage quality indices 1153:1175 storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) 1153:1263 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 1 57 theme packaging 125:133 arg1 material 135:142 An antimicrobial packaging material 108:142 An antimicrobial packaging material 108:142 An antimicrobial packaging material was developed by uniformly embedding 1, 3 and 5% chitosan (w/w) in low density polyethylene matrix using maleic anhydride grafted LDPE as a compatible agent. 26092060 0 58 theme composite 53:61 arg1 film 77:80 an LDPE/chitosan composite antimicrobial film 36:80 an LDPE/chitosan composite antimicrobial film for chilled fish storage 36:105 Development and characterization of an LDPE/chitosan composite antimicrobial film for chilled fish storage. 26092060 9 59 theme composite 1376:1384 arg1 films 1386:1390 novel composite films 1370:1390 novel composite films 1370:1390 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 5 60 theme LDPE 684:687 arg1 matrix 689:694 the LDPE matrix 680:694 the LDPE matrix which enhanced the antibacterial properties of the films 680:751 Overall migration showed better release of chitosan adduct from the LDPE matrix which enhanced the antibacterial properties of the films. 26092060 8 61 theme packaging 1064:1072 arg1 material 1074:1081 packaging material 1064:1081 packaging material for chilled storage of Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) 1064:1138 Efficacy of LDPE/CS films was evaluated by using them as packaging material for chilled storage of Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). 26092060 1 62 from % 191:191 arg1 matrix 236:241 low density polyethylene matrix 211:241 low density polyethylene matrix using maleic anhydride grafted LDPE as a compatible agent 211:299 An antimicrobial packaging material was developed by uniformly embedding 1, 3 and 5% chitosan (w/w) in low density polyethylene matrix using maleic anhydride grafted LDPE as a compatible agent. 26092060 7 63 theme films 954:958 arg1 properties 932:941 antimicrobial properties 918:941 antimicrobial properties of LDPE/CS films 918:958 Investigation on antimicrobial properties of LDPE/CS films showed 85-100% inhibition of Escherichia coli. 26092060 8 64 theme films 1027:1031 arg1 Efficacy 1007:1014 Efficacy 1007:1014 Efficacy of LDPE/CS films 1007:1031 Efficacy of LDPE/CS films was evaluated by using them as packaging material for chilled storage of Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). 26092060 9 65 theme quality 1161:1167 arg1 nitrogen 1231:1238 total volatile base nitrogen 1211:1238 total volatile base nitrogen 1211:1238 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 9 65 theme quality 1161:1167 arg1 acid 1205:1208 free fatty acid 1194:1208 free fatty acid 1194:1208 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 9 65 theme quality 1161:1167 arg1 count 1258:1262 aerobic plate count 1244:1262 aerobic plate count 1244:1262 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 9 65 theme quality 1161:1167 arg1 indices 1169:1175 storage quality indices 1153:1175 storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) 1153:1263 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 9 65 theme quality 1161:1167 arg1 value 1187:1191 peroxide value 1178:1191 peroxide value 1178:1191 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 9 66 theme peroxide 1178:1185 arg1 indices 1169:1175 storage quality indices 1153:1175 storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) 1153:1263 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 9 66 theme peroxide 1178:1185 arg1 value 1187:1191 peroxide value 1178:1191 peroxide value 1178:1191 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 5 67 from matrix 689:694 arg1 release 648:654 better release 641:654 better release of chitosan adduct from the LDPE matrix which enhanced the antibacterial properties of the films 641:751 Overall migration showed better release of chitosan adduct from the LDPE matrix which enhanced the antibacterial properties of the films. 26092060 9 68 theme indices 1169:1175 arg1 Analysis 1141:1148 Analysis 1141:1148 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) 1141:1263 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 7 69 theme 85-100 967:972 arg1 % 973:973 % 973:973 % 973:973 Investigation on antimicrobial properties of LDPE/CS films showed 85-100% inhibition of Escherichia coli. 26092060 2 70 theme blown 377:381 arg1 extrusion 388:396 blown film extrusion 377:396 blown film extrusion 377:396 The materials were mixed by compounding and blown into monolayer films via blown film extrusion. 26092060 1 71 dep % 191:191 arg1 chitosan 193:200 chitosan 193:200 uniformly embedding 1, 3 and 5% chitosan (w/w) in low density polyethylene matrix using maleic anhydride grafted LDPE as a compatible agent 161:299 An antimicrobial packaging material was developed by uniformly embedding 1, 3 and 5% chitosan (w/w) in low density polyethylene matrix using maleic anhydride grafted LDPE as a compatible agent. 26092060 7 72 theme antimicrobial 918:930 arg1 properties 932:941 antimicrobial properties 918:941 antimicrobial properties of LDPE/CS films 918:958 Investigation on antimicrobial properties of LDPE/CS films showed 85-100% inhibition of Escherichia coli. 26092060 1 73 theme low 211:213 arg1 matrix 236:241 low density polyethylene matrix 211:241 low density polyethylene matrix using maleic anhydride grafted LDPE as a compatible agent 211:299 An antimicrobial packaging material was developed by uniformly embedding 1, 3 and 5% chitosan (w/w) in low density polyethylene matrix using maleic anhydride grafted LDPE as a compatible agent. 26092060 0 74 theme film 77:80 arg1 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 Development and characterization of an LDPE/chitosan composite antimicrobial film for chilled fish storage. 26092060 0 74 theme film 77:80 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development and characterization of an LDPE/chitosan composite antimicrobial film for chilled fish storage. 26092060 4 75 theme composite 490:498 arg1 films 500:504 the composite films 486:504 the composite films 486:504 Characterization of the composite films with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that chitosan and LDPE interacted well with each other. 26092060 8 76 theme chilled 1087:1093 arg1 storage 1095:1101 chilled storage 1087:1101 chilled storage of Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) 1087:1138 Efficacy of LDPE/CS films was evaluated by using them as packaging material for chilled storage of Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). 26092060 7 77 theme coli 1001:1004 arg1 inhibition 975:984 85-100% inhibition 967:984 85-100% inhibition of Escherichia coli 967:1004 Investigation on antimicrobial properties of LDPE/CS films showed 85-100% inhibition of Escherichia coli. 26092060 4 78 with Characterization 466:481 arg1 Fourier 511:517 Fourier 511:517 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy 511:549 Characterization of the composite films with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that chitosan and LDPE interacted well with each other. 26092060 9 79 theme LDPE 1411:1414 arg1 film 1416:1419 virgin LDPE film 1404:1419 virgin LDPE film 1404:1419 Analysis of storage quality indices (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile base nitrogen and aerobic plate count) revealed good antibacterial property and extension of shelf life of Tilapia in the chitosan incorporated novel composite films compared to virgin LDPE film. 26092060 1 80 theme density 215:221 arg1 matrix 236:241 low density polyethylene matrix 211:241 low density polyethylene matrix using maleic anhydride grafted LDPE as a compatible agent 211:299 An antimicrobial packaging material was developed by uniformly embedding 1, 3 and 5% chitosan (w/w) in low density polyethylene matrix using maleic anhydride grafted LDPE as a compatible agent. 28224886 5 0 theme low 762:764 arg1 weight 776:781 a low molecular weight 760:781 a low molecular weight 760:781 Alginate was used as a backbone, and hyaluronate with a low molecular weight was introduced to the backbone to fabricate alginate-hyaluronate hybrid coupled by ethylenediamine. 28224886 7 1 theme cells 1237:1241 arg1 potential 1218:1226 the chondrogenic potential 1201:1226 the chondrogenic potential of ATDC5 cells encapsulated within AH hydrogels 1201:1274 Characteristics of AH hydrogels containing various composition ratios of hyaluronate to alginate were investigated, and the chondrogenic potential of ATDC5 cells encapsulated within AH hydrogels was evaluated in vitro. 28224886 2 2 with interactions 293:304 arg1 proteins 321:328 proteins 321:328 proteins 321:328 However, it lacks biofunctionality in the form of interactions with cells and proteins. 28224886 2 2 with interactions 293:304 arg1 cells 311:315 cells 311:315 cells 311:315 However, it lacks biofunctionality in the form of interactions with cells and proteins. 28224886 5 3 theme molecular 766:774 arg1 weight 776:781 a low molecular weight 760:781 a low molecular weight 760:781 Alginate was used as a backbone, and hyaluronate with a low molecular weight was introduced to the backbone to fabricate alginate-hyaluronate hybrid coupled by ethylenediamine. 28224886 3 4 theme unexpected 531:540 arg1 effects 547:553 unexpected side effects 531:553 unexpected side effects 531:553 Hyaluronate, a main component of glycosaminoglycans, provides CD44-specific interactions with chondrocytes but typically requires chemical cross-linking agents to fabricate hydrogels, which may cause unexpected side effects in the body. 28224886 6 5 theme ions 1004:1007 arg1 presence 984:991 the presence 980:991 the presence of calcium ions 980:1007 We hypothesized that alginate-hyaluronate hybrid (AH) could maintain its ability to form gels in the presence of calcium ions and could be useful for cartilage regeneration as an injectable system. 28224886 3 6 theme main 346:349 arg1 Hyaluronate 331:341 Hyaluronate 331:341 Hyaluronate 331:341 Hyaluronate, a main component of glycosaminoglycans, provides CD44-specific interactions with chondrocytes but typically requires chemical cross-linking agents to fabricate hydrogels, which may cause unexpected side effects in the body. 28224886 3 6 theme main 346:349 arg1 component 351:359 a main component 344:359 a main component of glycosaminoglycans 344:381 Hyaluronate, a main component of glycosaminoglycans, provides CD44-specific interactions with chondrocytes but typically requires chemical cross-linking agents to fabricate hydrogels, which may cause unexpected side effects in the body. 28224886 7 7 theme various 1124:1130 arg1 ratios 1144:1149 various composition ratios 1124:1149 various composition ratios of hyaluronate to alginate 1124:1176 Characteristics of AH hydrogels containing various composition ratios of hyaluronate to alginate were investigated, and the chondrogenic potential of ATDC5 cells encapsulated within AH hydrogels was evaluated in vitro. 28224886 4 8 theme hyaluronate 659:669 arg1 structure 633:641 a hybrid structure 624:641 a hybrid structure of alginate and hyaluronate useful for cartilage regeneration 624:703 In this study, we propose the design and fabrication of a hybrid structure of alginate and hyaluronate useful for cartilage regeneration. 28224886 6 9 theme calcium 996:1002 arg1 ions 1004:1007 calcium ions 996:1007 calcium ions 996:1007 We hypothesized that alginate-hyaluronate hybrid (AH) could maintain its ability to form gels in the presence of calcium ions and could be useful for cartilage regeneration as an injectable system. 28224886 7 10 theme ATDC5 1231:1235 arg1 cells 1237:1241 ATDC5 cells 1231:1241 ATDC5 cells encapsulated within AH hydrogels 1231:1274 Characteristics of AH hydrogels containing various composition ratios of hyaluronate to alginate were investigated, and the chondrogenic potential of ATDC5 cells encapsulated within AH hydrogels was evaluated in vitro. 28224886 7 11 theme composition 1132:1142 arg1 ratios 1144:1149 various composition ratios 1124:1149 various composition ratios of hyaluronate to alginate 1124:1176 Characteristics of AH hydrogels containing various composition ratios of hyaluronate to alginate were investigated, and the chondrogenic potential of ATDC5 cells encapsulated within AH hydrogels was evaluated in vitro. 28224886 3 12 with interactions 407:418 arg1 chondrocytes 425:436 chondrocytes 425:436 chondrocytes 425:436 Hyaluronate, a main component of glycosaminoglycans, provides CD44-specific interactions with chondrocytes but typically requires chemical cross-linking agents to fabricate hydrogels, which may cause unexpected side effects in the body. 28224886 7 13 theme chondrogenic 1205:1216 arg1 potential 1218:1226 the chondrogenic potential 1201:1226 the chondrogenic potential of ATDC5 cells encapsulated within AH hydrogels 1201:1274 Characteristics of AH hydrogels containing various composition ratios of hyaluronate to alginate were investigated, and the chondrogenic potential of ATDC5 cells encapsulated within AH hydrogels was evaluated in vitro. 28224886 7 14 theme hydrogels 1103:1111 arg1 Characteristics 1081:1095 Characteristics 1081:1095 Characteristics of AH hydrogels containing various composition ratios of hyaluronate to alginate 1081:1176 Characteristics of AH hydrogels containing various composition ratios of hyaluronate to alginate were investigated, and the chondrogenic potential of ATDC5 cells encapsulated within AH hydrogels was evaluated in vitro. 28224886 8 15 theme mechanical 1368:1377 arg1 stiffness 1379:1387 mechanical stiffness 1368:1387 mechanical stiffness 1368:1387 Consequently, AH hydrogels having a defined polymer composition and mechanical stiffness were useful to successfully regulate chondrogenic differentiation and to maintain the chondrocytic cell phenotype, which may lead to many useful applications in cartilage regeneration. 28224886 1 16 theme calcium 168:174 arg1 ions 176:179 calcium ions 168:179 calcium ions 168:179 Alginate is a typical biomaterial that forms hydrogels in the presence of calcium ions and has often been utilized in tissue engineering approaches. 28224886 7 17 theme hyaluronate 1154:1164 arg1 ratios 1144:1149 various composition ratios 1124:1149 various composition ratios of hyaluronate to alginate 1124:1176 Characteristics of AH hydrogels containing various composition ratios of hyaluronate to alginate were investigated, and the chondrogenic potential of ATDC5 cells encapsulated within AH hydrogels was evaluated in vitro. 28224886 6 18 theme alginate-hyaluronate 904:923 arg1 hybrid 925:930 alginate-hyaluronate hybrid 904:930 alginate-hyaluronate hybrid (AH) 904:935 We hypothesized that alginate-hyaluronate hybrid (AH) could maintain its ability to form gels in the presence of calcium ions and could be useful for cartilage regeneration as an injectable system. 28224886 6 18 theme alginate-hyaluronate 904:923 arg1 AH 933:934 AH 933:934 AH 933:934 We hypothesized that alginate-hyaluronate hybrid (AH) could maintain its ability to form gels in the presence of calcium ions and could be useful for cartilage regeneration as an injectable system. 28224886 1 19 theme ions 176:179 arg1 presence 156:163 the presence 152:163 the presence of calcium ions 152:179 Alginate is a typical biomaterial that forms hydrogels in the presence of calcium ions and has often been utilized in tissue engineering approaches. 28224886 7 20 theme AH 1100:1101 arg1 hydrogels 1103:1111 AH hydrogels 1100:1111 AH hydrogels containing various composition ratios of hyaluronate to alginate 1100:1176 Characteristics of AH hydrogels containing various composition ratios of hyaluronate to alginate were investigated, and the chondrogenic potential of ATDC5 cells encapsulated within AH hydrogels was evaluated in vitro. 28224886 4 21 theme useful 671:676 arg1 structure 633:641 a hybrid structure 624:641 a hybrid structure of alginate and hyaluronate useful for cartilage regeneration 624:703 In this study, we propose the design and fabrication of a hybrid structure of alginate and hyaluronate useful for cartilage regeneration. 28224886 8 22 dep useful 1394:1399 arg1 maintain 1462:1469 maintain 1462:1469 to maintain the chondrocytic cell phenotype, which may lead to many useful applications in cartilage regeneration 1459:1571 Consequently, AH hydrogels having a defined polymer composition and mechanical stiffness were useful to successfully regulate chondrogenic differentiation and to maintain the chondrocytic cell phenotype, which may lead to many useful applications in cartilage regeneration. 28224886 8 22 dep useful 1394:1399 arg1 regulate 1417:1424 regulate 1417:1424 to successfully regulate chondrogenic differentiation 1401:1453 Consequently, AH hydrogels having a defined polymer composition and mechanical stiffness were useful to successfully regulate chondrogenic differentiation and to maintain the chondrocytic cell phenotype, which may lead to many useful applications in cartilage regeneration. 28224886 2 23 theme interactions 293:304 arg1 form 285:288 the form 281:288 the form of interactions with cells and proteins 281:328 However, it lacks biofunctionality in the form of interactions with cells and proteins. 28224886 4 24 theme structure 633:641 arg1 fabrication 609:619 fabrication 609:619 fabrication 609:619 In this study, we propose the design and fabrication of a hybrid structure of alginate and hyaluronate useful for cartilage regeneration. 28224886 4 24 theme structure 633:641 arg1 design 598:603 design 598:603 design 598:603 In this study, we propose the design and fabrication of a hybrid structure of alginate and hyaluronate useful for cartilage regeneration. 28224886 3 25 theme glycosaminoglycans 364:381 arg1 Hyaluronate 331:341 Hyaluronate 331:341 Hyaluronate 331:341 Hyaluronate, a main component of glycosaminoglycans, provides CD44-specific interactions with chondrocytes but typically requires chemical cross-linking agents to fabricate hydrogels, which may cause unexpected side effects in the body. 28224886 3 25 theme glycosaminoglycans 364:381 arg1 component 351:359 a main component 344:359 a main component of glycosaminoglycans 344:381 Hyaluronate, a main component of glycosaminoglycans, provides CD44-specific interactions with chondrocytes but typically requires chemical cross-linking agents to fabricate hydrogels, which may cause unexpected side effects in the body. 28224886 1 26 theme typical 108:114 arg1 biomaterial 116:126 a typical biomaterial 106:126 a typical biomaterial that forms hydrogels in the presence of calcium ions and has often been utilized in tissue engineering approaches 106:240 Alginate is a typical biomaterial that forms hydrogels in the presence of calcium ions and has often been utilized in tissue engineering approaches. 28224886 1 26 theme typical 108:114 arg1 Alginate 94:101 Alginate 94:101 Alginate 94:101 Alginate is a typical biomaterial that forms hydrogels in the presence of calcium ions and has often been utilized in tissue engineering approaches. 28224886 4 27 theme hybrid 626:631 arg1 structure 633:641 a hybrid structure 624:641 a hybrid structure of alginate and hyaluronate useful for cartilage regeneration 624:703 In this study, we propose the design and fabrication of a hybrid structure of alginate and hyaluronate useful for cartilage regeneration. 28224886 0 28 theme molecular 37:45 arg1 weight 47:52 low molecular weight 33:52 low molecular weight hyaluronate for cartilage regeneration 33:91 Alginate hydrogels modified with low molecular weight hyaluronate for cartilage regeneration. 28224886 4 29 theme alginate 646:653 arg1 structure 633:641 a hybrid structure 624:641 a hybrid structure of alginate and hyaluronate useful for cartilage regeneration 624:703 In this study, we propose the design and fabrication of a hybrid structure of alginate and hyaluronate useful for cartilage regeneration. 28224886 6 30 theme injectable 1062:1071 arg1 system 1073:1078 an injectable system 1059:1078 an injectable system 1059:1078 We hypothesized that alginate-hyaluronate hybrid (AH) could maintain its ability to form gels in the presence of calcium ions and could be useful for cartilage regeneration as an injectable system. 28224886 3 31 theme cross-linking 470:482 arg1 agents 484:489 chemical cross-linking agents 461:489 chemical cross-linking agents 461:489 Hyaluronate, a main component of glycosaminoglycans, provides CD44-specific interactions with chondrocytes but typically requires chemical cross-linking agents to fabricate hydrogels, which may cause unexpected side effects in the body. 28224886 0 32 theme low 33:35 arg1 weight 47:52 low molecular weight 33:52 low molecular weight hyaluronate for cartilage regeneration 33:91 Alginate hydrogels modified with low molecular weight hyaluronate for cartilage regeneration. 28224886 1 33 used utilized 200:207 arg2 biomaterial 116:126 a typical biomaterial 106:126 a typical biomaterial that forms hydrogels in the presence of calcium ions and has often been utilized in tissue engineering approaches 106:240 Alginate is a typical biomaterial that forms hydrogels in the presence of calcium ions and has often been utilized in tissue engineering approaches. 28224886 1 33 used utilized 200:207 arg2 Alginate 94:101 Alginate 94:101 Alginate 94:101 Alginate is a typical biomaterial that forms hydrogels in the presence of calcium ions and has often been utilized in tissue engineering approaches. 28224886 6 34 theme cartilage 1033:1041 arg1 regeneration 1043:1054 cartilage regeneration 1033:1054 cartilage regeneration 1033:1054 We hypothesized that alginate-hyaluronate hybrid (AH) could maintain its ability to form gels in the presence of calcium ions and could be useful for cartilage regeneration as an injectable system. 28224886 3 35 theme CD44-specific 393:405 arg1 interactions 407:418 CD44-specific interactions 393:418 CD44-specific interactions with chondrocytes 393:436 Hyaluronate, a main component of glycosaminoglycans, provides CD44-specific interactions with chondrocytes but typically requires chemical cross-linking agents to fabricate hydrogels, which may cause unexpected side effects in the body. 28224886 8 36 from applications 1534:1545 arg1 regeneration 1560:1571 cartilage regeneration 1550:1571 cartilage regeneration 1550:1571 Consequently, AH hydrogels having a defined polymer composition and mechanical stiffness were useful to successfully regulate chondrogenic differentiation and to maintain the chondrocytic cell phenotype, which may lead to many useful applications in cartilage regeneration. 28224886 8 37 contain having 1327:1332 arg2 composition 1352:1362 a defined polymer composition 1334:1362 a defined polymer composition 1334:1362 Consequently, AH hydrogels having a defined polymer composition and mechanical stiffness were useful to successfully regulate chondrogenic differentiation and to maintain the chondrocytic cell phenotype, which may lead to many useful applications in cartilage regeneration. 28224886 8 37 contain having 1327:1332 arg1 hydrogels 1317:1325 AH hydrogels 1314:1325 AH hydrogels having a defined polymer composition and mechanical stiffness 1314:1387 Consequently, AH hydrogels having a defined polymer composition and mechanical stiffness were useful to successfully regulate chondrogenic differentiation and to maintain the chondrocytic cell phenotype, which may lead to many useful applications in cartilage regeneration. 28224886 8 37 contain having 1327:1332 arg2 stiffness 1379:1387 mechanical stiffness 1368:1387 mechanical stiffness 1368:1387 Consequently, AH hydrogels having a defined polymer composition and mechanical stiffness were useful to successfully regulate chondrogenic differentiation and to maintain the chondrocytic cell phenotype, which may lead to many useful applications in cartilage regeneration. 28224886 7 38 theme AH 1263:1264 arg1 hydrogels 1266:1274 AH hydrogels 1263:1274 AH hydrogels 1263:1274 Characteristics of AH hydrogels containing various composition ratios of hyaluronate to alginate were investigated, and the chondrogenic potential of ATDC5 cells encapsulated within AH hydrogels was evaluated in vitro. 28224886 0 39 theme weight 47:52 arg1 hyaluronate 54:64 low molecular weight hyaluronate 33:64 low molecular weight hyaluronate for cartilage regeneration 33:91 Alginate hydrogels modified with low molecular weight hyaluronate for cartilage regeneration. 28224886 8 40 theme many 1522:1525 arg1 applications 1534:1545 many useful applications 1522:1545 many useful applications in cartilage regeneration 1522:1571 Consequently, AH hydrogels having a defined polymer composition and mechanical stiffness were useful to successfully regulate chondrogenic differentiation and to maintain the chondrocytic cell phenotype, which may lead to many useful applications in cartilage regeneration. 28224886 8 41 theme AH 1314:1315 arg1 hydrogels 1317:1325 AH hydrogels 1314:1325 AH hydrogels having a defined polymer composition and mechanical stiffness 1314:1387 Consequently, AH hydrogels having a defined polymer composition and mechanical stiffness were useful to successfully regulate chondrogenic differentiation and to maintain the chondrocytic cell phenotype, which may lead to many useful applications in cartilage regeneration. 28224886 8 42 theme chondrocytic 1475:1486 arg1 phenotype 1493:1501 the chondrocytic cell phenotype 1471:1501 the chondrocytic cell phenotype 1471:1501 Consequently, AH hydrogels having a defined polymer composition and mechanical stiffness were useful to successfully regulate chondrogenic differentiation and to maintain the chondrocytic cell phenotype, which may lead to many useful applications in cartilage regeneration. 28224886 5 43 with hyaluronate 743:753 arg1 weight 776:781 a low molecular weight 760:781 a low molecular weight 760:781 Alginate was used as a backbone, and hyaluronate with a low molecular weight was introduced to the backbone to fabricate alginate-hyaluronate hybrid coupled by ethylenediamine. 28224886 8 44 theme chondrogenic 1426:1437 arg1 differentiation 1439:1453 chondrogenic differentiation 1426:1453 chondrogenic differentiation 1426:1453 Consequently, AH hydrogels having a defined polymer composition and mechanical stiffness were useful to successfully regulate chondrogenic differentiation and to maintain the chondrocytic cell phenotype, which may lead to many useful applications in cartilage regeneration. 28224886 1 45 theme tissue 212:217 arg1 approaches 231:240 tissue engineering approaches 212:240 tissue engineering approaches 212:240 Alginate is a typical biomaterial that forms hydrogels in the presence of calcium ions and has often been utilized in tissue engineering approaches. 28224886 8 46 theme polymer 1344:1350 arg1 composition 1352:1362 a defined polymer composition 1334:1362 a defined polymer composition 1334:1362 Consequently, AH hydrogels having a defined polymer composition and mechanical stiffness were useful to successfully regulate chondrogenic differentiation and to maintain the chondrocytic cell phenotype, which may lead to many useful applications in cartilage regeneration. 28224886 8 47 theme defined 1336:1342 arg1 composition 1352:1362 a defined polymer composition 1334:1362 a defined polymer composition 1334:1362 Consequently, AH hydrogels having a defined polymer composition and mechanical stiffness were useful to successfully regulate chondrogenic differentiation and to maintain the chondrocytic cell phenotype, which may lead to many useful applications in cartilage regeneration. 28224886 7 48 contain containing 1113:1122 arg1 hydrogels 1103:1111 AH hydrogels 1100:1111 AH hydrogels containing various composition ratios of hyaluronate to alginate 1100:1176 Characteristics of AH hydrogels containing various composition ratios of hyaluronate to alginate were investigated, and the chondrogenic potential of ATDC5 cells encapsulated within AH hydrogels was evaluated in vitro. 28224886 7 48 contain containing 1113:1122 arg2 ratios 1144:1149 various composition ratios 1124:1149 various composition ratios of hyaluronate to alginate 1124:1176 Characteristics of AH hydrogels containing various composition ratios of hyaluronate to alginate were investigated, and the chondrogenic potential of ATDC5 cells encapsulated within AH hydrogels was evaluated in vitro. 28224886 1 49 theme engineering 219:229 arg1 approaches 231:240 tissue engineering approaches 212:240 tissue engineering approaches 212:240 Alginate is a typical biomaterial that forms hydrogels in the presence of calcium ions and has often been utilized in tissue engineering approaches. 28224886 0 50 theme cartilage 70:78 arg1 regeneration 80:91 cartilage regeneration 70:91 cartilage regeneration 70:91 Alginate hydrogels modified with low molecular weight hyaluronate for cartilage regeneration. 28224886 8 51 theme useful 1527:1532 arg1 applications 1534:1545 many useful applications 1522:1545 many useful applications in cartilage regeneration 1522:1571 Consequently, AH hydrogels having a defined polymer composition and mechanical stiffness were useful to successfully regulate chondrogenic differentiation and to maintain the chondrocytic cell phenotype, which may lead to many useful applications in cartilage regeneration. 28224886 0 52 dep hydrogels 9:17 arg1 modified 19:26 modified 19:26 hydrogels modified with low molecular weight hyaluronate for cartilage regeneration 9:91 Alginate hydrogels modified with low molecular weight hyaluronate for cartilage regeneration. 28224886 5 53 theme alginate-hyaluronate 827:846 arg1 hybrid 848:853 alginate-hyaluronate hybrid 827:853 alginate-hyaluronate hybrid coupled by ethylenediamine 827:880 Alginate was used as a backbone, and hyaluronate with a low molecular weight was introduced to the backbone to fabricate alginate-hyaluronate hybrid coupled by ethylenediamine. 28224886 3 54 theme side 542:545 arg1 effects 547:553 unexpected side effects 531:553 unexpected side effects 531:553 Hyaluronate, a main component of glycosaminoglycans, provides CD44-specific interactions with chondrocytes but typically requires chemical cross-linking agents to fabricate hydrogels, which may cause unexpected side effects in the body. 28224886 3 55 theme chemical 461:468 arg1 agents 484:489 chemical cross-linking agents 461:489 chemical cross-linking agents 461:489 Hyaluronate, a main component of glycosaminoglycans, provides CD44-specific interactions with chondrocytes but typically requires chemical cross-linking agents to fabricate hydrogels, which may cause unexpected side effects in the body. 28224886 5 56 used used 719:722 arg2 backbone 729:736 a backbone 727:736 a backbone 727:736 Alginate was used as a backbone, and hyaluronate with a low molecular weight was introduced to the backbone to fabricate alginate-hyaluronate hybrid coupled by ethylenediamine. 28224886 5 56 used used 719:722 arg2 Alginate 706:713 Alginate 706:713 Alginate 706:713 Alginate was used as a backbone, and hyaluronate with a low molecular weight was introduced to the backbone to fabricate alginate-hyaluronate hybrid coupled by ethylenediamine. 28224886 8 57 theme cartilage 1550:1558 arg1 regeneration 1560:1571 cartilage regeneration 1550:1571 cartilage regeneration 1550:1571 Consequently, AH hydrogels having a defined polymer composition and mechanical stiffness were useful to successfully regulate chondrogenic differentiation and to maintain the chondrocytic cell phenotype, which may lead to many useful applications in cartilage regeneration. 28224886 8 58 theme cell 1488:1491 arg1 phenotype 1493:1501 the chondrocytic cell phenotype 1471:1501 the chondrocytic cell phenotype 1471:1501 Consequently, AH hydrogels having a defined polymer composition and mechanical stiffness were useful to successfully regulate chondrogenic differentiation and to maintain the chondrocytic cell phenotype, which may lead to many useful applications in cartilage regeneration. 28224886 4 59 theme cartilage 682:690 arg1 regeneration 692:703 cartilage regeneration 682:703 cartilage regeneration 682:703 In this study, we propose the design and fabrication of a hybrid structure of alginate and hyaluronate useful for cartilage regeneration. 26512999 0 0 theme porcine 85:91 arg1 heparins 93:100 mucosal bovine and porcine heparins 66:100 mucosal bovine and porcine heparins 66:100 Structural peculiarity and antithrombin binding region profile of mucosal bovine and porcine heparins. 26512999 2 1 theme PMH 468:470 arg1 preparations 483:494 several BMH and PMH commercial preparations 452:494 several BMH and PMH commercial preparations 452:494 The present work is based on direct comparison of several BMH and PMH commercial preparations. 26512999 3 2 theme reversed-phase 584:597 arg1 IPRP-HPLC 639:647 IPRP-HPLC 639:647 IPRP-HPLC 639:647 A combined study by 2D (heteronuclear single quantum coherence, HSQC) NMR and ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) on the heparins, extended to the analysis of their heparinases digests and fractions separated by affinity chromatography on antithrombin (AT), confirmed the previously reported lower degree of 6-O-sulfation and showed lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content in BMH. 26512999 3 2 theme reversed-phase 584:597 arg1 chromatography 623:636 ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography 575:636 ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) 575:712 A combined study by 2D (heteronuclear single quantum coherence, HSQC) NMR and ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) on the heparins, extended to the analysis of their heparinases digests and fractions separated by affinity chromatography on antithrombin (AT), confirmed the previously reported lower degree of 6-O-sulfation and showed lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content in BMH. 26512999 3 3 theme affinity 812:819 arg1 chromatography 821:834 affinity chromatography 812:834 affinity chromatography on antithrombin (AT) 812:855 A combined study by 2D (heteronuclear single quantum coherence, HSQC) NMR and ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) on the heparins, extended to the analysis of their heparinases digests and fractions separated by affinity chromatography on antithrombin (AT), confirmed the previously reported lower degree of 6-O-sulfation and showed lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content in BMH. 26512999 3 4 theme ionization 676:685 arg1 spectrometry 692:703 electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 663:703 electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) 663:712 A combined study by 2D (heteronuclear single quantum coherence, HSQC) NMR and ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) on the heparins, extended to the analysis of their heparinases digests and fractions separated by affinity chromatography on antithrombin (AT), confirmed the previously reported lower degree of 6-O-sulfation and showed lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content in BMH. 26512999 3 4 theme ionization 676:685 arg1 ESI-MS 706:711 ESI-MS 706:711 ESI-MS 706:711 A combined study by 2D (heteronuclear single quantum coherence, HSQC) NMR and ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) on the heparins, extended to the analysis of their heparinases digests and fractions separated by affinity chromatography on antithrombin (AT), confirmed the previously reported lower degree of 6-O-sulfation and showed lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content in BMH. 26512999 1 5 from residues 319:326 arg1 2-O-sulfation 354:366 somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation 339:366 somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation of the iduronate residues in PMH 339:399 The major compositional differences between bovine mucosal heparin (BMH) and the currently employed porcine mucosal heparin (PMH) have been reported to essentially consist of reduced 6-O-sulfation of the glucosamine residues in BMH and somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation of the iduronate residues in PMH. 26512999 1 5 from residues 319:326 arg1 BMH 331:333 BMH 331:333 BMH 331:333 The major compositional differences between bovine mucosal heparin (BMH) and the currently employed porcine mucosal heparin (PMH) have been reported to essentially consist of reduced 6-O-sulfation of the glucosamine residues in BMH and somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation of the iduronate residues in PMH. 26512999 3 6 theme mass 687:690 arg1 spectrometry 692:703 electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 663:703 electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) 663:712 A combined study by 2D (heteronuclear single quantum coherence, HSQC) NMR and ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) on the heparins, extended to the analysis of their heparinases digests and fractions separated by affinity chromatography on antithrombin (AT), confirmed the previously reported lower degree of 6-O-sulfation and showed lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content in BMH. 26512999 3 6 theme mass 687:690 arg1 ESI-MS 706:711 ESI-MS 706:711 ESI-MS 706:711 A combined study by 2D (heteronuclear single quantum coherence, HSQC) NMR and ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) on the heparins, extended to the analysis of their heparinases digests and fractions separated by affinity chromatography on antithrombin (AT), confirmed the previously reported lower degree of 6-O-sulfation and showed lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content in BMH. 26512999 2 7 theme BMH 460:462 arg1 preparations 483:494 several BMH and PMH commercial preparations 452:494 several BMH and PMH commercial preparations 452:494 The present work is based on direct comparison of several BMH and PMH commercial preparations. 26512999 3 8 theme combined 499:506 arg1 study 508:512 A combined study 497:512 A combined study 497:512 A combined study by 2D (heteronuclear single quantum coherence, HSQC) NMR and ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) on the heparins, extended to the analysis of their heparinases digests and fractions separated by affinity chromatography on antithrombin (AT), confirmed the previously reported lower degree of 6-O-sulfation and showed lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content in BMH. 26512999 3 9 theme quantum 542:548 arg1 HSQC 561:564 HSQC 561:564 HSQC 561:564 A combined study by 2D (heteronuclear single quantum coherence, HSQC) NMR and ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) on the heparins, extended to the analysis of their heparinases digests and fractions separated by affinity chromatography on antithrombin (AT), confirmed the previously reported lower degree of 6-O-sulfation and showed lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content in BMH. 26512999 3 9 theme quantum 542:548 arg1 coherence 550:558 heteronuclear single quantum coherence 521:558 heteronuclear single quantum coherence 521:558 A combined study by 2D (heteronuclear single quantum coherence, HSQC) NMR and ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) on the heparins, extended to the analysis of their heparinases digests and fractions separated by affinity chromatography on antithrombin (AT), confirmed the previously reported lower degree of 6-O-sulfation and showed lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content in BMH. 26512999 1 10 from PMH 397:399 arg1 2-O-sulfation 354:366 somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation 339:366 somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation of the iduronate residues in PMH 339:399 The major compositional differences between bovine mucosal heparin (BMH) and the currently employed porcine mucosal heparin (PMH) have been reported to essentially consist of reduced 6-O-sulfation of the glucosamine residues in BMH and somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation of the iduronate residues in PMH. 26512999 1 10 from PMH 397:399 arg1 BMH 331:333 BMH 331:333 BMH 331:333 The major compositional differences between bovine mucosal heparin (BMH) and the currently employed porcine mucosal heparin (PMH) have been reported to essentially consist of reduced 6-O-sulfation of the glucosamine residues in BMH and somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation of the iduronate residues in PMH. 26512999 1 11 theme lower 348:352 arg1 2-O-sulfation 354:366 somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation 339:366 somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation of the iduronate residues in PMH 339:399 The major compositional differences between bovine mucosal heparin (BMH) and the currently employed porcine mucosal heparin (PMH) have been reported to essentially consist of reduced 6-O-sulfation of the glucosamine residues in BMH and somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation of the iduronate residues in PMH. 26512999 3 12 theme heteronuclear 521:533 arg1 HSQC 561:564 HSQC 561:564 HSQC 561:564 A combined study by 2D (heteronuclear single quantum coherence, HSQC) NMR and ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) on the heparins, extended to the analysis of their heparinases digests and fractions separated by affinity chromatography on antithrombin (AT), confirmed the previously reported lower degree of 6-O-sulfation and showed lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content in BMH. 26512999 3 12 theme heteronuclear 521:533 arg1 coherence 550:558 heteronuclear single quantum coherence 521:558 heteronuclear single quantum coherence 521:558 A combined study by 2D (heteronuclear single quantum coherence, HSQC) NMR and ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) on the heparins, extended to the analysis of their heparinases digests and fractions separated by affinity chromatography on antithrombin (AT), confirmed the previously reported lower degree of 6-O-sulfation and showed lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content in BMH. 26512999 3 13 theme lower 892:896 arg1 degree 898:903 the previously reported lower degree 868:903 the previously reported lower degree of 6-O-sulfation 868:920 A combined study by 2D (heteronuclear single quantum coherence, HSQC) NMR and ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) on the heparins, extended to the analysis of their heparinases digests and fractions separated by affinity chromatography on antithrombin (AT), confirmed the previously reported lower degree of 6-O-sulfation and showed lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content in BMH. 26512999 4 14 theme N-sulfated 1131:1140 arg1 components 1142:1151 the N-sulfated components 1127:1151 the N-sulfated components in BMH 1127:1158 More detailed studies allowed the identification of structural variants of AT-binding region (ATBR) structural variants, showing higher content of the N-sulfated components in BMH than in PMH. 26512999 2 15 theme present 406:412 arg1 work 414:417 The present work 402:417 The present work 402:417 The present work is based on direct comparison of several BMH and PMH commercial preparations. 26512999 4 16 from components 1142:1151 arg1 BMH 1156:1158 BMH 1156:1158 BMH 1156:1158 More detailed studies allowed the identification of structural variants of AT-binding region (ATBR) structural variants, showing higher content of the N-sulfated components in BMH than in PMH. 26512999 1 17 from residues 385:392 arg1 PMH 397:399 PMH 397:399 PMH 397:399 The major compositional differences between bovine mucosal heparin (BMH) and the currently employed porcine mucosal heparin (PMH) have been reported to essentially consist of reduced 6-O-sulfation of the glucosamine residues in BMH and somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation of the iduronate residues in PMH. 26512999 1 18 from 6-O-sulfation 286:298 arg1 2-O-sulfation 354:366 somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation 339:366 somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation of the iduronate residues in PMH 339:399 The major compositional differences between bovine mucosal heparin (BMH) and the currently employed porcine mucosal heparin (PMH) have been reported to essentially consist of reduced 6-O-sulfation of the glucosamine residues in BMH and somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation of the iduronate residues in PMH. 26512999 1 18 from 6-O-sulfation 286:298 arg1 BMH 331:333 BMH 331:333 BMH 331:333 The major compositional differences between bovine mucosal heparin (BMH) and the currently employed porcine mucosal heparin (PMH) have been reported to essentially consist of reduced 6-O-sulfation of the glucosamine residues in BMH and somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation of the iduronate residues in PMH. 26512999 4 19 theme detailed 985:992 arg1 studies 994:1000 More detailed studies 980:1000 More detailed studies 980:1000 More detailed studies allowed the identification of structural variants of AT-binding region (ATBR) structural variants, showing higher content of the N-sulfated components in BMH than in PMH. 26512999 4 20 theme components 1142:1151 arg1 content 1116:1122 higher content 1109:1122 higher content of the N-sulfated components in BMH than in PMH 1109:1170 More detailed studies allowed the identification of structural variants of AT-binding region (ATBR) structural variants, showing higher content of the N-sulfated components in BMH than in PMH. 26512999 2 21 theme direct 431:436 arg1 comparison 438:447 direct comparison 431:447 direct comparison of several BMH and PMH commercial preparations 431:494 The present work is based on direct comparison of several BMH and PMH commercial preparations. 26512999 2 22 theme preparations 483:494 arg1 comparison 438:447 direct comparison 431:447 direct comparison of several BMH and PMH commercial preparations 431:494 The present work is based on direct comparison of several BMH and PMH commercial preparations. 26512999 3 23 theme reported 883:890 arg1 degree 898:903 the previously reported lower degree 868:903 the previously reported lower degree of 6-O-sulfation 868:920 A combined study by 2D (heteronuclear single quantum coherence, HSQC) NMR and ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) on the heparins, extended to the analysis of their heparinases digests and fractions separated by affinity chromatography on antithrombin (AT), confirmed the previously reported lower degree of 6-O-sulfation and showed lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content in BMH. 26512999 3 24 dep NMR 567:569 arg1 HSQC 561:564 HSQC 561:564 HSQC 561:564 A combined study by 2D (heteronuclear single quantum coherence, HSQC) NMR and ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) on the heparins, extended to the analysis of their heparinases digests and fractions separated by affinity chromatography on antithrombin (AT), confirmed the previously reported lower degree of 6-O-sulfation and showed lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content in BMH. 26512999 3 24 dep NMR 567:569 arg1 coherence 550:558 heteronuclear single quantum coherence 521:558 heteronuclear single quantum coherence 521:558 A combined study by 2D (heteronuclear single quantum coherence, HSQC) NMR and ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) on the heparins, extended to the analysis of their heparinases digests and fractions separated by affinity chromatography on antithrombin (AT), confirmed the previously reported lower degree of 6-O-sulfation and showed lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content in BMH. 26512999 0 25 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 peculiarity 11:21 Structural peculiarity 0:21 Structural peculiarity 0:21 Structural peculiarity and antithrombin binding region profile of mucosal bovine and porcine heparins. 26512999 4 26 theme higher 1109:1114 arg1 content 1116:1122 higher content 1109:1122 higher content of the N-sulfated components in BMH than in PMH 1109:1170 More detailed studies allowed the identification of structural variants of AT-binding region (ATBR) structural variants, showing higher content of the N-sulfated components in BMH than in PMH. 26512999 4 27 theme variants 1043:1050 arg1 identification 1014:1027 the identification 1010:1027 the identification of structural variants of AT-binding region (ATBR) structural variants 1010:1098 More detailed studies allowed the identification of structural variants of AT-binding region (ATBR) structural variants, showing higher content of the N-sulfated components in BMH than in PMH. 26512999 4 28 from BMH 1156:1158 arg1 content 1116:1122 higher content 1109:1122 higher content of the N-sulfated components in BMH than in PMH 1109:1170 More detailed studies allowed the identification of structural variants of AT-binding region (ATBR) structural variants, showing higher content of the N-sulfated components in BMH than in PMH. 26512999 3 29 from study 508:512 arg1 heparins 721:728 the heparins 717:728 the heparins 717:728 A combined study by 2D (heteronuclear single quantum coherence, HSQC) NMR and ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) on the heparins, extended to the analysis of their heparinases digests and fractions separated by affinity chromatography on antithrombin (AT), confirmed the previously reported lower degree of 6-O-sulfation and showed lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content in BMH. 26512999 3 30 theme single 535:540 arg1 HSQC 561:564 HSQC 561:564 HSQC 561:564 A combined study by 2D (heteronuclear single quantum coherence, HSQC) NMR and ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) on the heparins, extended to the analysis of their heparinases digests and fractions separated by affinity chromatography on antithrombin (AT), confirmed the previously reported lower degree of 6-O-sulfation and showed lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content in BMH. 26512999 3 30 theme single 535:540 arg1 coherence 550:558 heteronuclear single quantum coherence 521:558 heteronuclear single quantum coherence 521:558 A combined study by 2D (heteronuclear single quantum coherence, HSQC) NMR and ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) on the heparins, extended to the analysis of their heparinases digests and fractions separated by affinity chromatography on antithrombin (AT), confirmed the previously reported lower degree of 6-O-sulfation and showed lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content in BMH. 26512999 1 31 theme employed 194:201 arg1 PMH 228:230 PMH 228:230 PMH 228:230 The major compositional differences between bovine mucosal heparin (BMH) and the currently employed porcine mucosal heparin (PMH) have been reported to essentially consist of reduced 6-O-sulfation of the glucosamine residues in BMH and somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation of the iduronate residues in PMH. 26512999 1 31 theme employed 194:201 arg1 heparin 219:225 the currently employed porcine mucosal heparin 180:225 the currently employed porcine mucosal heparin (PMH) 180:231 The major compositional differences between bovine mucosal heparin (BMH) and the currently employed porcine mucosal heparin (PMH) have been reported to essentially consist of reduced 6-O-sulfation of the glucosamine residues in BMH and somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation of the iduronate residues in PMH. 26512999 1 32 from 2-O-sulfation 354:366 arg1 6-O-sulfation 286:298 reduced 6-O-sulfation 278:298 reduced 6-O-sulfation of the glucosamine residues in BMH and somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation of the iduronate residues in PMH 278:399 The major compositional differences between bovine mucosal heparin (BMH) and the currently employed porcine mucosal heparin (PMH) have been reported to essentially consist of reduced 6-O-sulfation of the glucosamine residues in BMH and somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation of the iduronate residues in PMH. 26512999 1 32 from 2-O-sulfation 354:366 arg1 PMH 397:399 PMH 397:399 PMH 397:399 The major compositional differences between bovine mucosal heparin (BMH) and the currently employed porcine mucosal heparin (PMH) have been reported to essentially consist of reduced 6-O-sulfation of the glucosamine residues in BMH and somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation of the iduronate residues in PMH. 26512999 1 33 theme reduced 278:284 arg1 6-O-sulfation 286:298 reduced 6-O-sulfation 278:298 reduced 6-O-sulfation of the glucosamine residues in BMH and somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation of the iduronate residues in PMH 278:399 The major compositional differences between bovine mucosal heparin (BMH) and the currently employed porcine mucosal heparin (PMH) have been reported to essentially consist of reduced 6-O-sulfation of the glucosamine residues in BMH and somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation of the iduronate residues in PMH. 26512999 1 34 theme iduronate 375:383 arg1 residues 385:392 the iduronate residues 371:392 the iduronate residues in PMH 371:399 The major compositional differences between bovine mucosal heparin (BMH) and the currently employed porcine mucosal heparin (PMH) have been reported to essentially consist of reduced 6-O-sulfation of the glucosamine residues in BMH and somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation of the iduronate residues in PMH. 26512999 1 35 theme major 107:111 arg1 differences 127:137 The major compositional differences 103:137 The major compositional differences between bovine mucosal heparin (BMH) and the currently employed porcine mucosal heparin (PMH) 103:231 The major compositional differences between bovine mucosal heparin (BMH) and the currently employed porcine mucosal heparin (PMH) have been reported to essentially consist of reduced 6-O-sulfation of the glucosamine residues in BMH and somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation of the iduronate residues in PMH. 26512999 1 36 theme porcine 203:209 arg1 PMH 228:230 PMH 228:230 PMH 228:230 The major compositional differences between bovine mucosal heparin (BMH) and the currently employed porcine mucosal heparin (PMH) have been reported to essentially consist of reduced 6-O-sulfation of the glucosamine residues in BMH and somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation of the iduronate residues in PMH. 26512999 1 36 theme porcine 203:209 arg1 heparin 219:225 the currently employed porcine mucosal heparin 180:225 the currently employed porcine mucosal heparin (PMH) 180:231 The major compositional differences between bovine mucosal heparin (BMH) and the currently employed porcine mucosal heparin (PMH) have been reported to essentially consist of reduced 6-O-sulfation of the glucosamine residues in BMH and somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation of the iduronate residues in PMH. 26512999 0 37 theme region 48:53 arg1 profile 55:61 region profile 48:61 region profile of mucosal bovine and porcine heparins 48:100 Structural peculiarity and antithrombin binding region profile of mucosal bovine and porcine heparins. 26512999 1 38 theme residues 385:392 arg1 2-O-sulfation 354:366 somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation 339:366 somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation of the iduronate residues in PMH 339:399 The major compositional differences between bovine mucosal heparin (BMH) and the currently employed porcine mucosal heparin (PMH) have been reported to essentially consist of reduced 6-O-sulfation of the glucosamine residues in BMH and somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation of the iduronate residues in PMH. 26512999 1 38 theme residues 385:392 arg1 BMH 331:333 BMH 331:333 BMH 331:333 The major compositional differences between bovine mucosal heparin (BMH) and the currently employed porcine mucosal heparin (PMH) have been reported to essentially consist of reduced 6-O-sulfation of the glucosamine residues in BMH and somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation of the iduronate residues in PMH. 26512999 3 39 theme 6-O-sulfation 908:920 arg1 degree 898:903 the previously reported lower degree 868:903 the previously reported lower degree of 6-O-sulfation 868:920 A combined study by 2D (heteronuclear single quantum coherence, HSQC) NMR and ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) on the heparins, extended to the analysis of their heparinases digests and fractions separated by affinity chromatography on antithrombin (AT), confirmed the previously reported lower degree of 6-O-sulfation and showed lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content in BMH. 26512999 1 40 theme mucosal 211:217 arg1 PMH 228:230 PMH 228:230 PMH 228:230 The major compositional differences between bovine mucosal heparin (BMH) and the currently employed porcine mucosal heparin (PMH) have been reported to essentially consist of reduced 6-O-sulfation of the glucosamine residues in BMH and somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation of the iduronate residues in PMH. 26512999 1 40 theme mucosal 211:217 arg1 heparin 219:225 the currently employed porcine mucosal heparin 180:225 the currently employed porcine mucosal heparin (PMH) 180:231 The major compositional differences between bovine mucosal heparin (BMH) and the currently employed porcine mucosal heparin (PMH) have been reported to essentially consist of reduced 6-O-sulfation of the glucosamine residues in BMH and somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation of the iduronate residues in PMH. 26512999 2 41 theme several 452:458 arg1 preparations 483:494 several BMH and PMH commercial preparations 452:494 several BMH and PMH commercial preparations 452:494 The present work is based on direct comparison of several BMH and PMH commercial preparations. 26512999 3 42 from chromatography 821:834 arg1 AT 853:854 AT 853:854 AT 853:854 A combined study by 2D (heteronuclear single quantum coherence, HSQC) NMR and ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) on the heparins, extended to the analysis of their heparinases digests and fractions separated by affinity chromatography on antithrombin (AT), confirmed the previously reported lower degree of 6-O-sulfation and showed lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content in BMH. 26512999 3 42 from chromatography 821:834 arg1 antithrombin 839:850 antithrombin 839:850 antithrombin (AT) 839:855 A combined study by 2D (heteronuclear single quantum coherence, HSQC) NMR and ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) on the heparins, extended to the analysis of their heparinases digests and fractions separated by affinity chromatography on antithrombin (AT), confirmed the previously reported lower degree of 6-O-sulfation and showed lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content in BMH. 26512999 3 43 theme liquid 616:621 arg1 IPRP-HPLC 639:647 IPRP-HPLC 639:647 IPRP-HPLC 639:647 A combined study by 2D (heteronuclear single quantum coherence, HSQC) NMR and ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) on the heparins, extended to the analysis of their heparinases digests and fractions separated by affinity chromatography on antithrombin (AT), confirmed the previously reported lower degree of 6-O-sulfation and showed lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content in BMH. 26512999 3 43 theme liquid 616:621 arg1 chromatography 623:636 ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography 575:636 ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) 575:712 A combined study by 2D (heteronuclear single quantum coherence, HSQC) NMR and ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) on the heparins, extended to the analysis of their heparinases digests and fractions separated by affinity chromatography on antithrombin (AT), confirmed the previously reported lower degree of 6-O-sulfation and showed lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content in BMH. 26512999 3 44 theme glucosamine 952:962 arg1 content 964:970 lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content 933:970 lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content in BMH 933:977 A combined study by 2D (heteronuclear single quantum coherence, HSQC) NMR and ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) on the heparins, extended to the analysis of their heparinases digests and fractions separated by affinity chromatography on antithrombin (AT), confirmed the previously reported lower degree of 6-O-sulfation and showed lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content in BMH. 26512999 3 45 from content 964:970 arg1 BMH 975:977 BMH 975:977 BMH 975:977 A combined study by 2D (heteronuclear single quantum coherence, HSQC) NMR and ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) on the heparins, extended to the analysis of their heparinases digests and fractions separated by affinity chromatography on antithrombin (AT), confirmed the previously reported lower degree of 6-O-sulfation and showed lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content in BMH. 26512999 4 46 theme structural 1032:1041 arg1 variants 1043:1050 structural variants 1032:1050 structural variants of AT-binding region (ATBR) structural variants 1032:1098 More detailed studies allowed the identification of structural variants of AT-binding region (ATBR) structural variants, showing higher content of the N-sulfated components in BMH than in PMH. 26512999 2 47 theme commercial 472:481 arg1 preparations 483:494 several BMH and PMH commercial preparations 452:494 several BMH and PMH commercial preparations 452:494 The present work is based on direct comparison of several BMH and PMH commercial preparations. 26512999 1 48 theme compositional 113:125 arg1 differences 127:137 The major compositional differences 103:137 The major compositional differences between bovine mucosal heparin (BMH) and the currently employed porcine mucosal heparin (PMH) 103:231 The major compositional differences between bovine mucosal heparin (BMH) and the currently employed porcine mucosal heparin (PMH) have been reported to essentially consist of reduced 6-O-sulfation of the glucosamine residues in BMH and somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation of the iduronate residues in PMH. 26512999 1 49 from BMH 331:333 arg1 6-O-sulfation 286:298 reduced 6-O-sulfation 278:298 reduced 6-O-sulfation of the glucosamine residues in BMH and somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation of the iduronate residues in PMH 278:399 The major compositional differences between bovine mucosal heparin (BMH) and the currently employed porcine mucosal heparin (PMH) have been reported to essentially consist of reduced 6-O-sulfation of the glucosamine residues in BMH and somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation of the iduronate residues in PMH. 26512999 1 49 from BMH 331:333 arg1 PMH 397:399 PMH 397:399 PMH 397:399 The major compositional differences between bovine mucosal heparin (BMH) and the currently employed porcine mucosal heparin (PMH) have been reported to essentially consist of reduced 6-O-sulfation of the glucosamine residues in BMH and somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation of the iduronate residues in PMH. 26512999 1 50 theme glucosamine 307:317 arg1 residues 319:326 the glucosamine residues 303:326 the glucosamine residues in BMH and somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation of the iduronate residues in PMH 303:399 The major compositional differences between bovine mucosal heparin (BMH) and the currently employed porcine mucosal heparin (PMH) have been reported to essentially consist of reduced 6-O-sulfation of the glucosamine residues in BMH and somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation of the iduronate residues in PMH. 26512999 3 51 theme lower 933:937 arg1 content 964:970 lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content 933:970 lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content in BMH 933:977 A combined study by 2D (heteronuclear single quantum coherence, HSQC) NMR and ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) on the heparins, extended to the analysis of their heparinases digests and fractions separated by affinity chromatography on antithrombin (AT), confirmed the previously reported lower degree of 6-O-sulfation and showed lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content in BMH. 26512999 1 52 theme residues 319:326 arg1 6-O-sulfation 286:298 reduced 6-O-sulfation 278:298 reduced 6-O-sulfation of the glucosamine residues in BMH and somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation of the iduronate residues in PMH 278:399 The major compositional differences between bovine mucosal heparin (BMH) and the currently employed porcine mucosal heparin (PMH) have been reported to essentially consist of reduced 6-O-sulfation of the glucosamine residues in BMH and somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation of the iduronate residues in PMH. 26512999 3 53 theme electrospray 663:674 arg1 spectrometry 692:703 electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 663:703 electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) 663:712 A combined study by 2D (heteronuclear single quantum coherence, HSQC) NMR and ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) on the heparins, extended to the analysis of their heparinases digests and fractions separated by affinity chromatography on antithrombin (AT), confirmed the previously reported lower degree of 6-O-sulfation and showed lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content in BMH. 26512999 3 53 theme electrospray 663:674 arg1 ESI-MS 706:711 ESI-MS 706:711 ESI-MS 706:711 A combined study by 2D (heteronuclear single quantum coherence, HSQC) NMR and ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) on the heparins, extended to the analysis of their heparinases digests and fractions separated by affinity chromatography on antithrombin (AT), confirmed the previously reported lower degree of 6-O-sulfation and showed lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content in BMH. 26512999 3 54 theme high 599:602 arg1 IPRP-HPLC 639:647 IPRP-HPLC 639:647 IPRP-HPLC 639:647 A combined study by 2D (heteronuclear single quantum coherence, HSQC) NMR and ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) on the heparins, extended to the analysis of their heparinases digests and fractions separated by affinity chromatography on antithrombin (AT), confirmed the previously reported lower degree of 6-O-sulfation and showed lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content in BMH. 26512999 3 54 theme high 599:602 arg1 chromatography 623:636 ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography 575:636 ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) 575:712 A combined study by 2D (heteronuclear single quantum coherence, HSQC) NMR and ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) on the heparins, extended to the analysis of their heparinases digests and fractions separated by affinity chromatography on antithrombin (AT), confirmed the previously reported lower degree of 6-O-sulfation and showed lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content in BMH. 26512999 3 55 theme 3-O-sulfated 939:950 arg1 content 964:970 lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content 933:970 lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content in BMH 933:977 A combined study by 2D (heteronuclear single quantum coherence, HSQC) NMR and ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) on the heparins, extended to the analysis of their heparinases digests and fractions separated by affinity chromatography on antithrombin (AT), confirmed the previously reported lower degree of 6-O-sulfation and showed lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content in BMH. 26512999 4 56 theme ATBR 1074:1077 arg1 variants 1091:1098 AT-binding region (ATBR) structural variants 1055:1098 AT-binding region (ATBR) structural variants 1055:1098 More detailed studies allowed the identification of structural variants of AT-binding region (ATBR) structural variants, showing higher content of the N-sulfated components in BMH than in PMH. 26512999 3 57 theme performance 604:614 arg1 IPRP-HPLC 639:647 IPRP-HPLC 639:647 IPRP-HPLC 639:647 A combined study by 2D (heteronuclear single quantum coherence, HSQC) NMR and ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) on the heparins, extended to the analysis of their heparinases digests and fractions separated by affinity chromatography on antithrombin (AT), confirmed the previously reported lower degree of 6-O-sulfation and showed lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content in BMH. 26512999 3 57 theme performance 604:614 arg1 chromatography 623:636 ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography 575:636 ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) 575:712 A combined study by 2D (heteronuclear single quantum coherence, HSQC) NMR and ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) on the heparins, extended to the analysis of their heparinases digests and fractions separated by affinity chromatography on antithrombin (AT), confirmed the previously reported lower degree of 6-O-sulfation and showed lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content in BMH. 26512999 1 58 theme bovine 147:152 arg1 heparin 162:168 bovine mucosal heparin 147:168 bovine mucosal heparin (BMH) 147:174 The major compositional differences between bovine mucosal heparin (BMH) and the currently employed porcine mucosal heparin (PMH) have been reported to essentially consist of reduced 6-O-sulfation of the glucosamine residues in BMH and somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation of the iduronate residues in PMH. 26512999 1 58 theme bovine 147:152 arg1 BMH 171:173 BMH 171:173 BMH 171:173 The major compositional differences between bovine mucosal heparin (BMH) and the currently employed porcine mucosal heparin (PMH) have been reported to essentially consist of reduced 6-O-sulfation of the glucosamine residues in BMH and somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation of the iduronate residues in PMH. 26512999 4 59 theme variants 1091:1098 arg1 variants 1043:1050 structural variants 1032:1050 structural variants of AT-binding region (ATBR) structural variants 1032:1098 More detailed studies allowed the identification of structural variants of AT-binding region (ATBR) structural variants, showing higher content of the N-sulfated components in BMH than in PMH. 26512999 3 60 theme fractions 789:797 arg1 analysis 747:754 the analysis 743:754 the analysis of their heparinases digests and fractions separated by affinity chromatography on antithrombin (AT) 743:855 A combined study by 2D (heteronuclear single quantum coherence, HSQC) NMR and ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) on the heparins, extended to the analysis of their heparinases digests and fractions separated by affinity chromatography on antithrombin (AT), confirmed the previously reported lower degree of 6-O-sulfation and showed lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content in BMH. 26512999 0 61 theme bovine 74:79 arg1 heparins 93:100 mucosal bovine and porcine heparins 66:100 mucosal bovine and porcine heparins 66:100 Structural peculiarity and antithrombin binding region profile of mucosal bovine and porcine heparins. 26512999 4 62 theme region 1066:1071 arg1 variants 1091:1098 AT-binding region (ATBR) structural variants 1055:1098 AT-binding region (ATBR) structural variants 1055:1098 More detailed studies allowed the identification of structural variants of AT-binding region (ATBR) structural variants, showing higher content of the N-sulfated components in BMH than in PMH. 26512999 3 63 theme ion-pair 575:582 arg1 IPRP-HPLC 639:647 IPRP-HPLC 639:647 IPRP-HPLC 639:647 A combined study by 2D (heteronuclear single quantum coherence, HSQC) NMR and ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) on the heparins, extended to the analysis of their heparinases digests and fractions separated by affinity chromatography on antithrombin (AT), confirmed the previously reported lower degree of 6-O-sulfation and showed lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content in BMH. 26512999 3 63 theme ion-pair 575:582 arg1 chromatography 623:636 ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography 575:636 ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) 575:712 A combined study by 2D (heteronuclear single quantum coherence, HSQC) NMR and ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) on the heparins, extended to the analysis of their heparinases digests and fractions separated by affinity chromatography on antithrombin (AT), confirmed the previously reported lower degree of 6-O-sulfation and showed lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content in BMH. 26512999 4 64 from content 1116:1122 arg1 BMH 1156:1158 BMH 1156:1158 BMH 1156:1158 More detailed studies allowed the identification of structural variants of AT-binding region (ATBR) structural variants, showing higher content of the N-sulfated components in BMH than in PMH. 26512999 4 64 from content 1116:1122 arg1 PMH 1168:1170 PMH 1168:1170 PMH 1168:1170 More detailed studies allowed the identification of structural variants of AT-binding region (ATBR) structural variants, showing higher content of the N-sulfated components in BMH than in PMH. 26512999 1 65 theme mucosal 154:160 arg1 heparin 162:168 bovine mucosal heparin 147:168 bovine mucosal heparin (BMH) 147:174 The major compositional differences between bovine mucosal heparin (BMH) and the currently employed porcine mucosal heparin (PMH) have been reported to essentially consist of reduced 6-O-sulfation of the glucosamine residues in BMH and somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation of the iduronate residues in PMH. 26512999 1 65 theme mucosal 154:160 arg1 BMH 171:173 BMH 171:173 BMH 171:173 The major compositional differences between bovine mucosal heparin (BMH) and the currently employed porcine mucosal heparin (PMH) have been reported to essentially consist of reduced 6-O-sulfation of the glucosamine residues in BMH and somewhat lower 2-O-sulfation of the iduronate residues in PMH. 26512999 4 66 theme structural 1080:1089 arg1 variants 1091:1098 AT-binding region (ATBR) structural variants 1055:1098 AT-binding region (ATBR) structural variants 1055:1098 More detailed studies allowed the identification of structural variants of AT-binding region (ATBR) structural variants, showing higher content of the N-sulfated components in BMH than in PMH. 26512999 3 67 theme heparinases 765:775 arg1 digests 777:783 their heparinases digests 759:783 their heparinases digests 759:783 A combined study by 2D (heteronuclear single quantum coherence, HSQC) NMR and ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) on the heparins, extended to the analysis of their heparinases digests and fractions separated by affinity chromatography on antithrombin (AT), confirmed the previously reported lower degree of 6-O-sulfation and showed lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content in BMH. 26512999 0 68 theme mucosal 66:72 arg1 heparins 93:100 mucosal bovine and porcine heparins 66:100 mucosal bovine and porcine heparins 66:100 Structural peculiarity and antithrombin binding region profile of mucosal bovine and porcine heparins. 26512999 3 69 theme digests 777:783 arg1 analysis 747:754 the analysis 743:754 the analysis of their heparinases digests and fractions separated by affinity chromatography on antithrombin (AT) 743:855 A combined study by 2D (heteronuclear single quantum coherence, HSQC) NMR and ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IPRP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) on the heparins, extended to the analysis of their heparinases digests and fractions separated by affinity chromatography on antithrombin (AT), confirmed the previously reported lower degree of 6-O-sulfation and showed lower 3-O-sulfated glucosamine content in BMH. 26512999 4 70 theme AT-binding 1055:1064 arg1 variants 1091:1098 AT-binding region (ATBR) structural variants 1055:1098 AT-binding region (ATBR) structural variants 1055:1098 More detailed studies allowed the identification of structural variants of AT-binding region (ATBR) structural variants, showing higher content of the N-sulfated components in BMH than in PMH. 26512999 0 71 theme heparins 93:100 arg1 profile 55:61 region profile 48:61 region profile of mucosal bovine and porcine heparins 48:100 Structural peculiarity and antithrombin binding region profile of mucosal bovine and porcine heparins. 25439953 0 0 theme drug 82:85 arg1 delivery 87:94 drug delivery 82:94 drug delivery 82:94 Synthesis of a microhydrogel composite from cellulose nanowhiskers and starch for drug delivery. 25439953 6 1 from differences 866:876 arg1 mechanism 886:894 that mechanism 881:894 that mechanism 881:894 The modeling of the release kinetics indicated that the drug release is driven by an anomalous mechanism and that the addition of CNW to starch microparticles led to differences in that mechanism. 25439953 1 2 from nanowhiskers 177:188 arg1 preparation 121:131 the preparation 117:131 the preparation of a microhydrogel composite from cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) and starch 117:205 This work describes the preparation of a microhydrogel composite from cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) and starch in an ultrasound assisted-emulsion. 25439953 1 2 from nanowhiskers 177:188 arg1 composite 152:160 a microhydrogel composite 136:160 a microhydrogel composite from cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) and starch 136:205 This work describes the preparation of a microhydrogel composite from cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) and starch in an ultrasound assisted-emulsion. 25439953 1 3 theme composite 152:160 arg1 preparation 121:131 the preparation 117:131 the preparation of a microhydrogel composite from cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) and starch 117:205 This work describes the preparation of a microhydrogel composite from cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) and starch in an ultrasound assisted-emulsion. 25439953 6 4 theme starch 837:842 arg1 microparticles 844:857 starch microparticles 837:857 starch microparticles 837:857 The modeling of the release kinetics indicated that the drug release is driven by an anomalous mechanism and that the addition of CNW to starch microparticles led to differences in that mechanism. 25439953 3 5 theme covalent 475:482 arg1 role 465:468 a role 463:468 a role 463:468 The introduction of vinyl bonds to both CNW and starch enabled us to create the microhydrogel composite in which CNW played a role as a covalent cross-linker. 25439953 3 5 theme covalent 475:482 arg1 cross-linker 484:495 a covalent cross-linker 473:495 a covalent cross-linker 473:495 The introduction of vinyl bonds to both CNW and starch enabled us to create the microhydrogel composite in which CNW played a role as a covalent cross-linker. 25439953 5 6 theme CNW 687:689 arg1 amounts 691:697 the CNW amounts 683:697 the CNW amounts 683:697 The drug release was regulated in response to changes in the CNW amounts. 25439953 5 7 theme drug 630:633 arg1 release 635:641 The drug release 626:641 The drug release 626:641 The drug release was regulated in response to changes in the CNW amounts. 25439953 3 8 theme vinyl 359:363 arg1 bonds 365:369 vinyl bonds 359:369 vinyl bonds 359:369 The introduction of vinyl bonds to both CNW and starch enabled us to create the microhydrogel composite in which CNW played a role as a covalent cross-linker. 25439953 0 9 from nanowhiskers 54:65 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis of a microhydrogel composite from cellulose nanowhiskers 0:65 Synthesis of a microhydrogel composite from cellulose nanowhiskers and starch for drug delivery. 25439953 5 10 from changes 672:678 arg1 amounts 691:697 the CNW amounts 683:697 the CNW amounts 683:697 The drug release was regulated in response to changes in the CNW amounts. 25439953 4 11 gly homogeneity 591:601 arg1 microparticles 610:623 the microparticles 606:623 the microparticles 606:623 Furthermore, CNW may act as an emulsifying agent for emulsion, improving both sphericity and homogeneity of the microparticles. 25439953 6 12 theme drug 756:759 arg1 release 761:767 the drug release 752:767 the drug release 752:767 The modeling of the release kinetics indicated that the drug release is driven by an anomalous mechanism and that the addition of CNW to starch microparticles led to differences in that mechanism. 25439953 1 13 theme cellulose 167:175 arg1 CNW 191:193 CNW 191:193 CNW 191:193 This work describes the preparation of a microhydrogel composite from cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) and starch in an ultrasound assisted-emulsion. 25439953 1 13 theme cellulose 167:175 arg1 nanowhiskers 177:188 cellulose nanowhiskers 167:188 cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) 167:194 This work describes the preparation of a microhydrogel composite from cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) and starch in an ultrasound assisted-emulsion. 25439953 6 14 theme CNW 830:832 arg1 addition 818:825 the addition 814:825 the addition of CNW to starch microparticles 814:857 The modeling of the release kinetics indicated that the drug release is driven by an anomalous mechanism and that the addition of CNW to starch microparticles led to differences in that mechanism. 25439953 1 15 from preparation 121:131 arg1 CNW 191:193 CNW 191:193 CNW 191:193 This work describes the preparation of a microhydrogel composite from cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) and starch in an ultrasound assisted-emulsion. 25439953 1 15 from preparation 121:131 arg1 starch 200:205 starch 200:205 starch 200:205 This work describes the preparation of a microhydrogel composite from cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) and starch in an ultrasound assisted-emulsion. 25439953 1 15 from preparation 121:131 arg1 nanowhiskers 177:188 cellulose nanowhiskers 167:188 cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) 167:194 This work describes the preparation of a microhydrogel composite from cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) and starch in an ultrasound assisted-emulsion. 25439953 2 16 theme rod-like 261:268 arg1 morphology 270:279 rod-like morphology 261:279 rod-like morphology 261:279 CNW, which showed rod-like morphology, was obtained by acid hydrolysis of cane-based cellulose. 25439953 3 17 theme microhydrogel 419:431 arg1 composite 433:441 the microhydrogel composite 415:441 the microhydrogel composite in which CNW played a role as a covalent cross-linker 415:495 The introduction of vinyl bonds to both CNW and starch enabled us to create the microhydrogel composite in which CNW played a role as a covalent cross-linker. 25439953 2 18 theme acid 298:301 arg1 hydrolysis 303:312 acid hydrolysis 298:312 acid hydrolysis of cane-based cellulose 298:336 CNW, which showed rod-like morphology, was obtained by acid hydrolysis of cane-based cellulose. 25439953 3 19 theme bonds 365:369 arg1 introduction 343:354 The introduction 339:354 The introduction of vinyl bonds to both CNW and starch 339:392 The introduction of vinyl bonds to both CNW and starch enabled us to create the microhydrogel composite in which CNW played a role as a covalent cross-linker. 25439953 6 20 theme kinetics 728:735 arg1 modeling 704:711 The modeling 700:711 The modeling of the release kinetics 700:735 The modeling of the release kinetics indicated that the drug release is driven by an anomalous mechanism and that the addition of CNW to starch microparticles led to differences in that mechanism. 25439953 7 21 dep 2.9 925:927 arg1 ca. 921:923 ca. 921:923 ca. 921:923 The release rate became ca. 2.9 times slower when CNW is added. 25439953 4 22 theme emulsifying 529:539 arg1 CNW 511:513 CNW 511:513 CNW 511:513 Furthermore, CNW may act as an emulsifying agent for emulsion, improving both sphericity and homogeneity of the microparticles. 25439953 4 22 theme emulsifying 529:539 arg1 agent 541:545 an emulsifying agent 526:545 an emulsifying agent for emulsion 526:558 Furthermore, CNW may act as an emulsifying agent for emulsion, improving both sphericity and homogeneity of the microparticles. 25439953 7 23 theme release 901:907 arg1 rate 909:912 The release rate 897:912 The release rate 897:912 The release rate became ca. 2.9 times slower when CNW is added. 25439953 4 24 theme microparticles 610:623 arg1 homogeneity 591:601 homogeneity 591:601 homogeneity 591:601 Furthermore, CNW may act as an emulsifying agent for emulsion, improving both sphericity and homogeneity of the microparticles. 25439953 4 24 theme microparticles 610:623 arg1 sphericity 576:585 sphericity 576:585 sphericity 576:585 Furthermore, CNW may act as an emulsifying agent for emulsion, improving both sphericity and homogeneity of the microparticles. 25439953 0 25 theme composite 29:37 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis of a microhydrogel composite from cellulose nanowhiskers 0:65 Synthesis of a microhydrogel composite from cellulose nanowhiskers and starch for drug delivery. 25439953 0 26 theme microhydrogel 15:27 arg1 composite 29:37 a microhydrogel composite 13:37 a microhydrogel composite 13:37 Synthesis of a microhydrogel composite from cellulose nanowhiskers and starch for drug delivery. 25439953 1 27 from starch 200:205 arg1 preparation 121:131 the preparation 117:131 the preparation of a microhydrogel composite from cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) and starch 117:205 This work describes the preparation of a microhydrogel composite from cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) and starch in an ultrasound assisted-emulsion. 25439953 1 27 from starch 200:205 arg1 composite 152:160 a microhydrogel composite 136:160 a microhydrogel composite from cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) and starch 136:205 This work describes the preparation of a microhydrogel composite from cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) and starch in an ultrasound assisted-emulsion. 25439953 0 28 theme cellulose 44:52 arg1 nanowhiskers 54:65 cellulose nanowhiskers 44:65 cellulose nanowhiskers 44:65 Synthesis of a microhydrogel composite from cellulose nanowhiskers and starch for drug delivery. 25439953 8 29 theme retardant 1011:1019 arg1 factor 1021:1026 a retardant factor 1009:1026 a retardant factor for drug release 1009:1043 When combined with starch, CNW played a role as a retardant factor for drug release. 25439953 8 29 theme retardant 1011:1019 arg1 role 1001:1004 a role 999:1004 a role 999:1004 When combined with starch, CNW played a role as a retardant factor for drug release. 25439953 2 30 theme cellulose 328:336 arg1 hydrolysis 303:312 acid hydrolysis 298:312 acid hydrolysis of cane-based cellulose 298:336 CNW, which showed rod-like morphology, was obtained by acid hydrolysis of cane-based cellulose. 25439953 8 31 theme drug 1032:1035 arg1 release 1037:1043 drug release 1032:1043 drug release 1032:1043 When combined with starch, CNW played a role as a retardant factor for drug release. 25439953 6 32 theme anomalous 785:793 arg1 mechanism 795:803 an anomalous mechanism 782:803 an anomalous mechanism 782:803 The modeling of the release kinetics indicated that the drug release is driven by an anomalous mechanism and that the addition of CNW to starch microparticles led to differences in that mechanism. 25439953 2 33 theme cane-based 317:326 arg1 cellulose 328:336 cane-based cellulose 317:336 cane-based cellulose 317:336 CNW, which showed rod-like morphology, was obtained by acid hydrolysis of cane-based cellulose. 25439953 6 34 theme release 720:726 arg1 kinetics 728:735 the release kinetics 716:735 the release kinetics 716:735 The modeling of the release kinetics indicated that the drug release is driven by an anomalous mechanism and that the addition of CNW to starch microparticles led to differences in that mechanism. 25439953 1 35 theme ultrasound 213:222 arg1 assisted-emulsion 224:240 an ultrasound assisted-emulsion 210:240 an ultrasound assisted-emulsion 210:240 This work describes the preparation of a microhydrogel composite from cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) and starch in an ultrasound assisted-emulsion. 25439953 1 36 theme microhydrogel 138:150 arg1 composite 152:160 a microhydrogel composite 136:160 a microhydrogel composite from cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) and starch 136:205 This work describes the preparation of a microhydrogel composite from cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) and starch in an ultrasound assisted-emulsion. 26874274 12 0 theme aqueous-core 1487:1498 arg1 composition 1500:1510 aqueous-core composition 1487:1510 aqueous-core composition 1487:1510 This study demonstrated the importance of aqueous-core composition, and gave new insights for possible adjusting of microcapsules physicochemical properties by modulating core-shell interactions. 26874274 4 1 theme cationic 543:550 arg1 polymers 593:600 cationic, anionic and non-ionic naturally derived polymers 543:600 cationic, anionic and non-ionic naturally derived polymers 543:600 Viscosity of CaCl2 solution was adjusted by adding cationic, anionic and non-ionic naturally derived polymers, respectively chitosan, xanthan gum and guar gum. 26874274 4 1 theme cationic 543:550 arg1 chitosan 616:623 chitosan 616:623 chitosan 616:623 Viscosity of CaCl2 solution was adjusted by adding cationic, anionic and non-ionic naturally derived polymers, respectively chitosan, xanthan gum and guar gum. 26874274 4 1 theme cationic 543:550 arg1 gum 634:636 xanthan gum 626:636 xanthan gum 626:636 Viscosity of CaCl2 solution was adjusted by adding cationic, anionic and non-ionic naturally derived polymers, respectively chitosan, xanthan gum and guar gum. 26874274 4 1 theme cationic 543:550 arg1 gum 647:649 guar gum 642:649 guar gum 642:649 Viscosity of CaCl2 solution was adjusted by adding cationic, anionic and non-ionic naturally derived polymers, respectively chitosan, xanthan gum and guar gum. 26874274 9 2 theme mechanical 1239:1248 arg1 reinforcement 1250:1262 mechanical reinforcement 1239:1262 mechanical reinforcement 1239:1262 FINDINGS Results showed that inner polymer had an impact on membrane stability and could act as an internal coating or provide mechanical reinforcement. 26874274 9 2 theme mechanical 1239:1248 arg1 coating 1220:1226 an internal coating 1208:1226 an internal coating 1208:1226 FINDINGS Results showed that inner polymer had an impact on membrane stability and could act as an internal coating or provide mechanical reinforcement. 26874274 9 2 theme mechanical 1239:1248 arg1 polymer 1147:1153 inner polymer 1141:1153 inner polymer 1141:1153 FINDINGS Results showed that inner polymer had an impact on membrane stability and could act as an internal coating or provide mechanical reinforcement. 26874274 1 3 theme conventional 183:194 arg1 strategies 196:205 conventional strategies 183:205 conventional strategies 183:205 HYPOTHESIS To enhance physicochemical properties of alginate aqueous-core capsules, conventional strategies were focused in literature on designing composite and coated capsules. 26874274 0 4 theme capsules 89:96 arg1 properties 53:62 physicochemical properties 37:62 physicochemical properties of alginate aqueous-core capsules 37:96 Influence of internal composition on physicochemical properties of alginate aqueous-core capsules. 26874274 12 5 theme properties 1591:1600 arg1 adjusting 1548:1556 possible adjusting 1539:1556 possible adjusting of microcapsules physicochemical properties 1539:1600 This study demonstrated the importance of aqueous-core composition, and gave new insights for possible adjusting of microcapsules physicochemical properties by modulating core-shell interactions. 26874274 11 6 theme Release 1379:1385 arg1 behavior 1387:1394 Release behavior 1379:1394 Release behavior of the entrapped molecules 1379:1421 Release behavior of the entrapped molecules changed considerably. 26874274 7 7 theme riboflavin 1033:1042 arg1 diffusion 992:1000 diffusion 992:1000 diffusion of encapsulated cochineal dye, riboflavin and BSA 992:1050 Capsules permeability was evaluated by monitoring diffusion of encapsulated cochineal dye, riboflavin and BSA. 26874274 6 8 theme shear 906:910 arg1 rheology 912:919 small amplitude oscillatory shear rheology 878:919 small amplitude oscillatory shear rheology 878:919 Mechanical stability of capsules and plane hydrogels were respectively evaluated by compression experiments and small amplitude oscillatory shear rheology and then correlated. 26874274 9 9 theme inner 1141:1145 arg1 reinforcement 1250:1262 mechanical reinforcement 1239:1262 mechanical reinforcement 1239:1262 FINDINGS Results showed that inner polymer had an impact on membrane stability and could act as an internal coating or provide mechanical reinforcement. 26874274 9 9 theme inner 1141:1145 arg1 coating 1220:1226 an internal coating 1208:1226 an internal coating 1208:1226 FINDINGS Results showed that inner polymer had an impact on membrane stability and could act as an internal coating or provide mechanical reinforcement. 26874274 9 9 theme inner 1141:1145 arg1 polymer 1147:1153 inner polymer 1141:1153 inner polymer 1141:1153 FINDINGS Results showed that inner polymer had an impact on membrane stability and could act as an internal coating or provide mechanical reinforcement. 26874274 4 10 theme xanthan 626:632 arg1 polymers 593:600 cationic, anionic and non-ionic naturally derived polymers 543:600 cationic, anionic and non-ionic naturally derived polymers 543:600 Viscosity of CaCl2 solution was adjusted by adding cationic, anionic and non-ionic naturally derived polymers, respectively chitosan, xanthan gum and guar gum. 26874274 4 10 theme xanthan 626:632 arg1 gum 634:636 xanthan gum 626:636 xanthan gum 626:636 Viscosity of CaCl2 solution was adjusted by adding cationic, anionic and non-ionic naturally derived polymers, respectively chitosan, xanthan gum and guar gum. 26874274 0 11 from Influence 0:8 arg1 properties 53:62 physicochemical properties 37:62 physicochemical properties of alginate aqueous-core capsules 37:96 Influence of internal composition on physicochemical properties of alginate aqueous-core capsules. 26874274 6 12 theme compression 850:860 arg1 experiments 862:872 compression experiments 850:872 compression experiments 850:872 Mechanical stability of capsules and plane hydrogels were respectively evaluated by compression experiments and small amplitude oscillatory shear rheology and then correlated. 26874274 2 13 theme liquid-core 314:324 arg1 composition 326:336 liquid-core composition 314:336 liquid-core composition 314:336 In the present study, own effect of liquid-core composition on mechanical and release properties was investigated. 26874274 2 14 theme composition 326:336 arg1 effect 304:309 own effect 300:309 own effect of liquid-core composition on mechanical and release properties 300:373 In the present study, own effect of liquid-core composition on mechanical and release properties was investigated. 26874274 4 15 theme guar 642:645 arg1 polymers 593:600 cationic, anionic and non-ionic naturally derived polymers 543:600 cationic, anionic and non-ionic naturally derived polymers 543:600 Viscosity of CaCl2 solution was adjusted by adding cationic, anionic and non-ionic naturally derived polymers, respectively chitosan, xanthan gum and guar gum. 26874274 4 15 theme guar 642:645 arg1 gum 647:649 guar gum 642:649 guar gum 642:649 Viscosity of CaCl2 solution was adjusted by adding cationic, anionic and non-ionic naturally derived polymers, respectively chitosan, xanthan gum and guar gum. 26874274 5 16 theme different 709:717 arg1 methods 719:725 different methods 709:725 different methods (pouring, in situ forming and mixing) 709:763 In parallel, uniform alginate hydrogels were prepared by different methods (pouring, in situ forming and mixing). 26874274 7 17 theme dye 1028:1030 arg1 diffusion 992:1000 diffusion 992:1000 diffusion of encapsulated cochineal dye, riboflavin and BSA 992:1050 Capsules permeability was evaluated by monitoring diffusion of encapsulated cochineal dye, riboflavin and BSA. 26874274 2 18 theme release 356:362 arg1 properties 364:373 mechanical and release properties 341:373 properties 364:373 In the present study, own effect of liquid-core composition on mechanical and release properties was investigated. 26874274 5 19 dep methods 719:725 arg1 pouring 728:734 pouring 728:734 pouring 728:734 In parallel, uniform alginate hydrogels were prepared by different methods (pouring, in situ forming and mixing). 26874274 5 19 dep methods 719:725 arg1 mixing 757:762 mixing 757:762 mixing 757:762 In parallel, uniform alginate hydrogels were prepared by different methods (pouring, in situ forming and mixing). 26874274 5 19 dep methods 719:725 arg1 forming 745:751 forming 745:751 forming 745:751 In parallel, uniform alginate hydrogels were prepared by different methods (pouring, in situ forming and mixing). 26874274 4 20 link derived 585:591 arg1 polymers 593:600 cationic, anionic and non-ionic naturally derived polymers 543:600 cationic, anionic and non-ionic naturally derived polymers 543:600 Viscosity of CaCl2 solution was adjusted by adding cationic, anionic and non-ionic naturally derived polymers, respectively chitosan, xanthan gum and guar gum. 26874274 4 20 link derived 585:591 arg1 chitosan 616:623 chitosan 616:623 chitosan 616:623 Viscosity of CaCl2 solution was adjusted by adding cationic, anionic and non-ionic naturally derived polymers, respectively chitosan, xanthan gum and guar gum. 26874274 4 20 link derived 585:591 arg1 gum 634:636 xanthan gum 626:636 xanthan gum 626:636 Viscosity of CaCl2 solution was adjusted by adding cationic, anionic and non-ionic naturally derived polymers, respectively chitosan, xanthan gum and guar gum. 26874274 4 20 link derived 585:591 arg1 gum 647:649 guar gum 642:649 guar gum 642:649 Viscosity of CaCl2 solution was adjusted by adding cationic, anionic and non-ionic naturally derived polymers, respectively chitosan, xanthan gum and guar gum. 26874274 12 21 theme physicochemical 1575:1589 arg1 properties 1591:1600 microcapsules physicochemical properties 1561:1600 microcapsules physicochemical properties 1561:1600 This study demonstrated the importance of aqueous-core composition, and gave new insights for possible adjusting of microcapsules physicochemical properties by modulating core-shell interactions. 26874274 12 22 theme new 1522:1524 arg1 insights 1526:1533 new insights 1522:1533 new insights for possible adjusting of microcapsules physicochemical properties 1522:1600 This study demonstrated the importance of aqueous-core composition, and gave new insights for possible adjusting of microcapsules physicochemical properties by modulating core-shell interactions. 26874274 3 23 theme EXPERIMENTS 393:403 arg1 Capsules 405:412 EXPERIMENTS Capsules 393:412 EXPERIMENTS Capsules 393:412 EXPERIMENTS Capsules were prepared by dripping a CaCl2 solution into an alginate gelling solution. 26874274 5 24 theme uniform 665:671 arg1 hydrogels 682:690 uniform alginate hydrogels 665:690 uniform alginate hydrogels 665:690 In parallel, uniform alginate hydrogels were prepared by different methods (pouring, in situ forming and mixing). 26874274 7 25 theme encapsulated 1005:1016 arg1 dye 1028:1030 encapsulated cochineal dye 1005:1030 encapsulated cochineal dye 1005:1030 Capsules permeability was evaluated by monitoring diffusion of encapsulated cochineal dye, riboflavin and BSA. 26874274 2 26 theme own 300:302 arg1 effect 304:309 own effect 300:309 own effect of liquid-core composition on mechanical and release properties 300:373 In the present study, own effect of liquid-core composition on mechanical and release properties was investigated. 26874274 10 27 theme hydrogels 1368:1376 arg1 behavior 1350:1357 rheological behavior 1338:1357 rheological behavior of plane hydrogels 1338:1376 Mechanical properties of alginate capsules were in a good agreement with rheological behavior of plane hydrogels. 26874274 12 28 theme possible 1539:1546 arg1 adjusting 1548:1556 possible adjusting 1539:1556 possible adjusting of microcapsules physicochemical properties 1539:1600 This study demonstrated the importance of aqueous-core composition, and gave new insights for possible adjusting of microcapsules physicochemical properties by modulating core-shell interactions. 26874274 5 29 theme alginate 673:680 arg1 hydrogels 682:690 uniform alginate hydrogels 665:690 uniform alginate hydrogels 665:690 In parallel, uniform alginate hydrogels were prepared by different methods (pouring, in situ forming and mixing). 26874274 7 30 theme cochineal 1018:1026 arg1 dye 1028:1030 encapsulated cochineal dye 1005:1030 encapsulated cochineal dye 1005:1030 Capsules permeability was evaluated by monitoring diffusion of encapsulated cochineal dye, riboflavin and BSA. 26874274 10 31 theme plane 1362:1366 arg1 hydrogels 1368:1376 plane hydrogels 1362:1376 plane hydrogels 1362:1376 Mechanical properties of alginate capsules were in a good agreement with rheological behavior of plane hydrogels. 26874274 3 32 theme alginate 465:472 arg1 solution 482:489 an alginate gelling solution 462:489 an alginate gelling solution 462:489 EXPERIMENTS Capsules were prepared by dripping a CaCl2 solution into an alginate gelling solution. 26874274 6 33 theme hydrogels 809:817 arg1 stability 777:785 Mechanical stability 766:785 Mechanical stability of capsules and plane hydrogels 766:817 Mechanical stability of capsules and plane hydrogels were respectively evaluated by compression experiments and small amplitude oscillatory shear rheology and then correlated. 26874274 2 34 theme mechanical 341:350 arg1 properties 364:373 mechanical and release properties 341:373 properties 364:373 In the present study, own effect of liquid-core composition on mechanical and release properties was investigated. 26874274 9 35 theme membrane 1172:1179 arg1 stability 1181:1189 membrane stability 1172:1189 membrane stability 1172:1189 FINDINGS Results showed that inner polymer had an impact on membrane stability and could act as an internal coating or provide mechanical reinforcement. 26874274 3 36 theme gelling 474:480 arg1 solution 482:489 an alginate gelling solution 462:489 an alginate gelling solution 462:489 EXPERIMENTS Capsules were prepared by dripping a CaCl2 solution into an alginate gelling solution. 26874274 0 37 theme composition 22:32 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of internal composition on physicochemical properties of alginate aqueous-core capsules. 0:97 Influence of internal composition on physicochemical properties of alginate aqueous-core capsules. 26874274 6 38 theme plane 803:807 arg1 hydrogels 809:817 plane hydrogels 803:817 plane hydrogels 803:817 Mechanical stability of capsules and plane hydrogels were respectively evaluated by compression experiments and small amplitude oscillatory shear rheology and then correlated. 26874274 12 39 theme composition 1500:1510 arg1 importance 1473:1482 the importance 1469:1482 the importance of aqueous-core composition 1469:1510 This study demonstrated the importance of aqueous-core composition, and gave new insights for possible adjusting of microcapsules physicochemical properties by modulating core-shell interactions. 26874274 9 40 contain had 1155:1157 arg1 reinforcement 1250:1262 mechanical reinforcement 1239:1262 mechanical reinforcement 1239:1262 FINDINGS Results showed that inner polymer had an impact on membrane stability and could act as an internal coating or provide mechanical reinforcement. 26874274 9 40 contain had 1155:1157 arg2 impact 1162:1167 an impact 1159:1167 an impact 1159:1167 FINDINGS Results showed that inner polymer had an impact on membrane stability and could act as an internal coating or provide mechanical reinforcement. 26874274 9 40 contain had 1155:1157 arg1 coating 1220:1226 an internal coating 1208:1226 an internal coating 1208:1226 FINDINGS Results showed that inner polymer had an impact on membrane stability and could act as an internal coating or provide mechanical reinforcement. 26874274 9 40 contain had 1155:1157 arg1 polymer 1147:1153 inner polymer 1141:1153 inner polymer 1141:1153 FINDINGS Results showed that inner polymer had an impact on membrane stability and could act as an internal coating or provide mechanical reinforcement. 26874274 0 41 theme internal 13:20 arg1 composition 22:32 internal composition 13:32 internal composition 13:32 Influence of internal composition on physicochemical properties of alginate aqueous-core capsules. 26874274 1 42 theme physicochemical 121:135 arg1 properties 137:146 physicochemical properties 121:146 physicochemical properties of alginate aqueous-core capsules 121:180 HYPOTHESIS To enhance physicochemical properties of alginate aqueous-core capsules, conventional strategies were focused in literature on designing composite and coated capsules. 26874274 10 43 theme alginate 1290:1297 arg1 capsules 1299:1306 alginate capsules 1290:1306 alginate capsules 1290:1306 Mechanical properties of alginate capsules were in a good agreement with rheological behavior of plane hydrogels. 26874274 0 44 theme physicochemical 37:51 arg1 properties 53:62 physicochemical properties 37:62 physicochemical properties of alginate aqueous-core capsules 37:96 Influence of internal composition on physicochemical properties of alginate aqueous-core capsules. 26874274 10 45 with agreement 1323:1331 arg1 behavior 1350:1357 rheological behavior 1338:1357 rheological behavior of plane hydrogels 1338:1376 Mechanical properties of alginate capsules were in a good agreement with rheological behavior of plane hydrogels. 26874274 10 46 theme rheological 1338:1348 arg1 behavior 1350:1357 rheological behavior 1338:1357 rheological behavior of plane hydrogels 1338:1376 Mechanical properties of alginate capsules were in a good agreement with rheological behavior of plane hydrogels. 26874274 1 47 theme composite 247:255 arg1 capsules 268:275 composite and coated capsules 247:275 composite and coated capsules 247:275 HYPOTHESIS To enhance physicochemical properties of alginate aqueous-core capsules, conventional strategies were focused in literature on designing composite and coated capsules. 26874274 8 48 theme core-shell 1057:1066 arg1 interactions 1068:1079 The core-shell interactions 1053:1079 The core-shell interactions 1053:1079 The core-shell interactions were investigated by ATR-FTIR. 26874274 10 49 theme capsules 1299:1306 arg1 properties 1276:1285 Mechanical properties 1265:1285 Mechanical properties of alginate capsules 1265:1306 Mechanical properties of alginate capsules were in a good agreement with rheological behavior of plane hydrogels. 26874274 4 50 theme solution 511:518 arg1 Viscosity 492:500 Viscosity 492:500 Viscosity of CaCl2 solution 492:518 Viscosity of CaCl2 solution was adjusted by adding cationic, anionic and non-ionic naturally derived polymers, respectively chitosan, xanthan gum and guar gum. 26874274 11 51 theme molecules 1413:1421 arg1 behavior 1387:1394 Release behavior 1379:1394 Release behavior of the entrapped molecules 1379:1421 Release behavior of the entrapped molecules changed considerably. 26874274 3 52 theme CaCl2 442:446 arg1 solution 448:455 a CaCl2 solution 440:455 a CaCl2 solution 440:455 EXPERIMENTS Capsules were prepared by dripping a CaCl2 solution into an alginate gelling solution. 26874274 4 53 theme non-ionic 565:573 arg1 polymers 593:600 cationic, anionic and non-ionic naturally derived polymers 543:600 cationic, anionic and non-ionic naturally derived polymers 543:600 Viscosity of CaCl2 solution was adjusted by adding cationic, anionic and non-ionic naturally derived polymers, respectively chitosan, xanthan gum and guar gum. 26874274 4 53 theme non-ionic 565:573 arg1 chitosan 616:623 chitosan 616:623 chitosan 616:623 Viscosity of CaCl2 solution was adjusted by adding cationic, anionic and non-ionic naturally derived polymers, respectively chitosan, xanthan gum and guar gum. 26874274 4 53 theme non-ionic 565:573 arg1 gum 634:636 xanthan gum 626:636 xanthan gum 626:636 Viscosity of CaCl2 solution was adjusted by adding cationic, anionic and non-ionic naturally derived polymers, respectively chitosan, xanthan gum and guar gum. 26874274 4 53 theme non-ionic 565:573 arg1 gum 647:649 guar gum 642:649 guar gum 642:649 Viscosity of CaCl2 solution was adjusted by adding cationic, anionic and non-ionic naturally derived polymers, respectively chitosan, xanthan gum and guar gum. 26874274 4 54 theme CaCl2 505:509 arg1 solution 511:518 CaCl2 solution 505:518 CaCl2 solution 505:518 Viscosity of CaCl2 solution was adjusted by adding cationic, anionic and non-ionic naturally derived polymers, respectively chitosan, xanthan gum and guar gum. 26874274 6 55 theme capsules 790:797 arg1 stability 777:785 Mechanical stability 766:785 Mechanical stability of capsules and plane hydrogels 766:817 Mechanical stability of capsules and plane hydrogels were respectively evaluated by compression experiments and small amplitude oscillatory shear rheology and then correlated. 26874274 4 56 theme anionic 553:559 arg1 polymers 593:600 cationic, anionic and non-ionic naturally derived polymers 543:600 cationic, anionic and non-ionic naturally derived polymers 543:600 Viscosity of CaCl2 solution was adjusted by adding cationic, anionic and non-ionic naturally derived polymers, respectively chitosan, xanthan gum and guar gum. 26874274 4 56 theme anionic 553:559 arg1 chitosan 616:623 chitosan 616:623 chitosan 616:623 Viscosity of CaCl2 solution was adjusted by adding cationic, anionic and non-ionic naturally derived polymers, respectively chitosan, xanthan gum and guar gum. 26874274 4 56 theme anionic 553:559 arg1 gum 634:636 xanthan gum 626:636 xanthan gum 626:636 Viscosity of CaCl2 solution was adjusted by adding cationic, anionic and non-ionic naturally derived polymers, respectively chitosan, xanthan gum and guar gum. 26874274 4 56 theme anionic 553:559 arg1 gum 647:649 guar gum 642:649 guar gum 642:649 Viscosity of CaCl2 solution was adjusted by adding cationic, anionic and non-ionic naturally derived polymers, respectively chitosan, xanthan gum and guar gum. 26874274 6 57 theme oscillatory 894:904 arg1 rheology 912:919 small amplitude oscillatory shear rheology 878:919 small amplitude oscillatory shear rheology 878:919 Mechanical stability of capsules and plane hydrogels were respectively evaluated by compression experiments and small amplitude oscillatory shear rheology and then correlated. 26874274 11 58 theme entrapped 1403:1411 arg1 molecules 1413:1421 the entrapped molecules 1399:1421 the entrapped molecules 1399:1421 Release behavior of the entrapped molecules changed considerably. 26874274 2 59 from effect 304:309 arg1 properties 364:373 mechanical and release properties 341:373 properties 364:373 In the present study, own effect of liquid-core composition on mechanical and release properties was investigated. 26874274 4 60 theme derived 585:591 arg1 polymers 593:600 cationic, anionic and non-ionic naturally derived polymers 543:600 cationic, anionic and non-ionic naturally derived polymers 543:600 Viscosity of CaCl2 solution was adjusted by adding cationic, anionic and non-ionic naturally derived polymers, respectively chitosan, xanthan gum and guar gum. 26874274 4 60 theme derived 585:591 arg1 chitosan 616:623 chitosan 616:623 chitosan 616:623 Viscosity of CaCl2 solution was adjusted by adding cationic, anionic and non-ionic naturally derived polymers, respectively chitosan, xanthan gum and guar gum. 26874274 4 60 theme derived 585:591 arg1 gum 634:636 xanthan gum 626:636 xanthan gum 626:636 Viscosity of CaCl2 solution was adjusted by adding cationic, anionic and non-ionic naturally derived polymers, respectively chitosan, xanthan gum and guar gum. 26874274 4 60 theme derived 585:591 arg1 gum 647:649 guar gum 642:649 guar gum 642:649 Viscosity of CaCl2 solution was adjusted by adding cationic, anionic and non-ionic naturally derived polymers, respectively chitosan, xanthan gum and guar gum. 26874274 6 61 theme amplitude 884:892 arg1 rheology 912:919 small amplitude oscillatory shear rheology 878:919 small amplitude oscillatory shear rheology 878:919 Mechanical stability of capsules and plane hydrogels were respectively evaluated by compression experiments and small amplitude oscillatory shear rheology and then correlated. 26874274 9 62 theme internal 1211:1218 arg1 reinforcement 1250:1262 mechanical reinforcement 1239:1262 mechanical reinforcement 1239:1262 FINDINGS Results showed that inner polymer had an impact on membrane stability and could act as an internal coating or provide mechanical reinforcement. 26874274 9 62 theme internal 1211:1218 arg1 coating 1220:1226 an internal coating 1208:1226 an internal coating 1208:1226 FINDINGS Results showed that inner polymer had an impact on membrane stability and could act as an internal coating or provide mechanical reinforcement. 26874274 9 62 theme internal 1211:1218 arg1 polymer 1147:1153 inner polymer 1141:1153 inner polymer 1141:1153 FINDINGS Results showed that inner polymer had an impact on membrane stability and could act as an internal coating or provide mechanical reinforcement. 26874274 1 63 theme alginate 151:158 arg1 capsules 173:180 alginate aqueous-core capsules 151:180 alginate aqueous-core capsules 151:180 HYPOTHESIS To enhance physicochemical properties of alginate aqueous-core capsules, conventional strategies were focused in literature on designing composite and coated capsules. 26874274 10 64 theme good 1318:1321 arg1 agreement 1323:1331 a good agreement 1316:1331 a good agreement with rheological behavior of plane hydrogels 1316:1376 Mechanical properties of alginate capsules were in a good agreement with rheological behavior of plane hydrogels. 26874274 1 65 theme coated 261:266 arg1 capsules 268:275 composite and coated capsules 247:275 composite and coated capsules 247:275 HYPOTHESIS To enhance physicochemical properties of alginate aqueous-core capsules, conventional strategies were focused in literature on designing composite and coated capsules. 26874274 6 66 theme small 878:882 arg1 rheology 912:919 small amplitude oscillatory shear rheology 878:919 small amplitude oscillatory shear rheology 878:919 Mechanical stability of capsules and plane hydrogels were respectively evaluated by compression experiments and small amplitude oscillatory shear rheology and then correlated. 26874274 6 67 theme Mechanical 766:775 arg1 stability 777:785 Mechanical stability 766:785 Mechanical stability of capsules and plane hydrogels 766:817 Mechanical stability of capsules and plane hydrogels were respectively evaluated by compression experiments and small amplitude oscillatory shear rheology and then correlated. 26874274 1 68 theme aqueous-core 160:171 arg1 capsules 173:180 alginate aqueous-core capsules 151:180 alginate aqueous-core capsules 151:180 HYPOTHESIS To enhance physicochemical properties of alginate aqueous-core capsules, conventional strategies were focused in literature on designing composite and coated capsules. 26874274 9 69 theme FINDINGS 1112:1119 arg1 Results 1121:1127 FINDINGS Results 1112:1127 FINDINGS Results 1112:1127 FINDINGS Results showed that inner polymer had an impact on membrane stability and could act as an internal coating or provide mechanical reinforcement. 26874274 10 70 theme Mechanical 1265:1274 arg1 properties 1276:1285 Mechanical properties 1265:1285 Mechanical properties of alginate capsules 1265:1306 Mechanical properties of alginate capsules were in a good agreement with rheological behavior of plane hydrogels. 26874274 0 71 theme aqueous-core 76:87 arg1 capsules 89:96 alginate aqueous-core capsules 67:96 alginate aqueous-core capsules 67:96 Influence of internal composition on physicochemical properties of alginate aqueous-core capsules. 26874274 12 72 theme core-shell 1616:1625 arg1 interactions 1627:1638 core-shell interactions 1616:1638 core-shell interactions 1616:1638 This study demonstrated the importance of aqueous-core composition, and gave new insights for possible adjusting of microcapsules physicochemical properties by modulating core-shell interactions. 26874274 2 73 theme present 285:291 arg1 study 293:297 the present study 281:297 the present study 281:297 In the present study, own effect of liquid-core composition on mechanical and release properties was investigated. 26874274 1 74 theme capsules 173:180 arg1 properties 137:146 physicochemical properties 121:146 physicochemical properties of alginate aqueous-core capsules 121:180 HYPOTHESIS To enhance physicochemical properties of alginate aqueous-core capsules, conventional strategies were focused in literature on designing composite and coated capsules. 26874274 0 75 theme alginate 67:74 arg1 capsules 89:96 alginate aqueous-core capsules 67:96 alginate aqueous-core capsules 67:96 Influence of internal composition on physicochemical properties of alginate aqueous-core capsules. 26874274 12 76 theme microcapsules 1561:1573 arg1 properties 1591:1600 microcapsules physicochemical properties 1561:1600 microcapsules physicochemical properties 1561:1600 This study demonstrated the importance of aqueous-core composition, and gave new insights for possible adjusting of microcapsules physicochemical properties by modulating core-shell interactions. 26874274 7 77 theme BSA 1048:1050 arg1 diffusion 992:1000 diffusion 992:1000 diffusion of encapsulated cochineal dye, riboflavin and BSA 992:1050 Capsules permeability was evaluated by monitoring diffusion of encapsulated cochineal dye, riboflavin and BSA. 26874274 7 78 theme Capsules 942:949 arg1 permeability 951:962 Capsules permeability 942:962 Capsules permeability 942:962 Capsules permeability was evaluated by monitoring diffusion of encapsulated cochineal dye, riboflavin and BSA. 24299779 0 0 theme Cryptonemia 87:97 arg1 seminervis 99:108 the red seaweed Cryptonemia seminervis 71:108 the red seaweed Cryptonemia seminervis 71:108 Structure and anti-metapneumovirus activity of sulfated galactans from the red seaweed Cryptonemia seminervis. 24299779 1 1 theme depolymerized 269:281 arg1 products 283:290 their depolymerized products 263:290 their depolymerized products 263:290 The anti-HMPV (human metapneumovirus) activity was determined for sulfated dl-hybrid galactans obtained from the red seaweed Cryptonemia seminervis and their depolymerized products obtained by reductive partial hydrolysis. 24299779 0 2 theme seaweed 79:85 arg1 seminervis 99:108 the red seaweed Cryptonemia seminervis 71:108 the red seaweed Cryptonemia seminervis 71:108 Structure and anti-metapneumovirus activity of sulfated galactans from the red seaweed Cryptonemia seminervis. 24299779 3 3 theme sulfate 684:690 arg1 located 703:709 located 703:709 located 703:709 The sulfate groups are located principally on C-2 of β-d-galactopyranose and 4,6-O-(1'-carboxyethylidene)-β-d-galactopyranose residues and on C-6 of α-galactose residues. 24299779 3 3 theme sulfate 684:690 arg1 groups 692:697 The sulfate groups 680:697 The sulfate groups 680:697 The sulfate groups are located principally on C-2 of β-d-galactopyranose and 4,6-O-(1'-carboxyethylidene)-β-d-galactopyranose residues and on C-6 of α-galactose residues. 24299779 2 4 theme ratio 624:628 arg1 diads 630:634 agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads 599:634 agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads 599:634 Structural studies carried out in three homogeneous depolymerized fractions DS-1, DS-2e and DS-3 (Mw of 51.6-63.8 kDa) showed that these galactans present different chemical characteristics, as monosaccharide composition, content of sulfate groups (14.1-29.9%) and agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads, 2.7:1 for DS-1 and DS-2e and 1:1 for DS-3. 24299779 2 4 theme ratio 624:628 arg1 characteristics 508:522 different chemical characteristics 489:522 different chemical characteristics 489:522 Structural studies carried out in three homogeneous depolymerized fractions DS-1, DS-2e and DS-3 (Mw of 51.6-63.8 kDa) showed that these galactans present different chemical characteristics, as monosaccharide composition, content of sulfate groups (14.1-29.9%) and agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads, 2.7:1 for DS-1 and DS-2e and 1:1 for DS-3. 24299779 4 5 theme antiviral 916:924 arg1 activity 926:933 antiviral activity 916:933 antiviral activity 916:933 Sulfated dl-galactans and their depolymerized products exhibited antiviral activity at a very early stage of the viral infection cycle. 24299779 2 6 theme sulfate 567:573 arg1 groups 575:580 sulfate groups 567:580 sulfate groups (14.1-29.9%) 567:593 Structural studies carried out in three homogeneous depolymerized fractions DS-1, DS-2e and DS-3 (Mw of 51.6-63.8 kDa) showed that these galactans present different chemical characteristics, as monosaccharide composition, content of sulfate groups (14.1-29.9%) and agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads, 2.7:1 for DS-1 and DS-2e and 1:1 for DS-3. 24299779 2 6 theme sulfate 567:573 arg1 % 592:592 14.1-29.9% 583:592 14.1-29.9% 583:592 Structural studies carried out in three homogeneous depolymerized fractions DS-1, DS-2e and DS-3 (Mw of 51.6-63.8 kDa) showed that these galactans present different chemical characteristics, as monosaccharide composition, content of sulfate groups (14.1-29.9%) and agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads, 2.7:1 for DS-1 and DS-2e and 1:1 for DS-3. 24299779 2 7 theme molar 618:622 arg1 diads 630:634 agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads 599:634 agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads 599:634 Structural studies carried out in three homogeneous depolymerized fractions DS-1, DS-2e and DS-3 (Mw of 51.6-63.8 kDa) showed that these galactans present different chemical characteristics, as monosaccharide composition, content of sulfate groups (14.1-29.9%) and agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads, 2.7:1 for DS-1 and DS-2e and 1:1 for DS-3. 24299779 2 7 theme molar 618:622 arg1 characteristics 508:522 different chemical characteristics 489:522 different chemical characteristics 489:522 Structural studies carried out in three homogeneous depolymerized fractions DS-1, DS-2e and DS-3 (Mw of 51.6-63.8 kDa) showed that these galactans present different chemical characteristics, as monosaccharide composition, content of sulfate groups (14.1-29.9%) and agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads, 2.7:1 for DS-1 and DS-2e and 1:1 for DS-3. 24299779 2 8 theme Structural 334:343 arg1 studies 345:351 Structural studies 334:351 Structural studies carried out in three homogeneous depolymerized fractions DS-1, DS-2e and DS-3 (Mw of 51.6-63.8 kDa) 334:451 Structural studies carried out in three homogeneous depolymerized fractions DS-1, DS-2e and DS-3 (Mw of 51.6-63.8 kDa) showed that these galactans present different chemical characteristics, as monosaccharide composition, content of sulfate groups (14.1-29.9%) and agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads, 2.7:1 for DS-1 and DS-2e and 1:1 for DS-3. 24299779 3 9 theme α-galactose 829:839 arg1 residues 841:848 α-galactose residues 829:848 α-galactose residues 829:848 The sulfate groups are located principally on C-2 of β-d-galactopyranose and 4,6-O-(1'-carboxyethylidene)-β-d-galactopyranose residues and on C-6 of α-galactose residues. 24299779 4 10 theme infection 970:978 arg1 cycle 980:984 the viral infection cycle 960:984 the viral infection cycle 960:984 Sulfated dl-galactans and their depolymerized products exhibited antiviral activity at a very early stage of the viral infection cycle. 24299779 2 11 theme carrageenan 606:616 arg1 diads 630:634 agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads 599:634 agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads 599:634 Structural studies carried out in three homogeneous depolymerized fractions DS-1, DS-2e and DS-3 (Mw of 51.6-63.8 kDa) showed that these galactans present different chemical characteristics, as monosaccharide composition, content of sulfate groups (14.1-29.9%) and agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads, 2.7:1 for DS-1 and DS-2e and 1:1 for DS-3. 24299779 2 11 theme carrageenan 606:616 arg1 characteristics 508:522 different chemical characteristics 489:522 different chemical characteristics 489:522 Structural studies carried out in three homogeneous depolymerized fractions DS-1, DS-2e and DS-3 (Mw of 51.6-63.8 kDa) showed that these galactans present different chemical characteristics, as monosaccharide composition, content of sulfate groups (14.1-29.9%) and agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads, 2.7:1 for DS-1 and DS-2e and 1:1 for DS-3. 24299779 2 12 dep fractions 400:408 arg1 DS-1 410:413 DS-1 410:413 DS-1 410:413 Structural studies carried out in three homogeneous depolymerized fractions DS-1, DS-2e and DS-3 (Mw of 51.6-63.8 kDa) showed that these galactans present different chemical characteristics, as monosaccharide composition, content of sulfate groups (14.1-29.9%) and agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads, 2.7:1 for DS-1 and DS-2e and 1:1 for DS-3. 24299779 2 12 dep fractions 400:408 arg1 Mw 432:433 Mw 432:433 Mw 432:433 Structural studies carried out in three homogeneous depolymerized fractions DS-1, DS-2e and DS-3 (Mw of 51.6-63.8 kDa) showed that these galactans present different chemical characteristics, as monosaccharide composition, content of sulfate groups (14.1-29.9%) and agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads, 2.7:1 for DS-1 and DS-2e and 1:1 for DS-3. 24299779 2 12 dep fractions 400:408 arg1 DS-3 426:429 DS-3 426:429 DS-3 426:429 Structural studies carried out in three homogeneous depolymerized fractions DS-1, DS-2e and DS-3 (Mw of 51.6-63.8 kDa) showed that these galactans present different chemical characteristics, as monosaccharide composition, content of sulfate groups (14.1-29.9%) and agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads, 2.7:1 for DS-1 and DS-2e and 1:1 for DS-3. 24299779 2 12 dep fractions 400:408 arg1 fractions 400:408 three homogeneous depolymerized fractions DS-1, DS-2e and DS-3 368:429 three homogeneous depolymerized fractions DS-1, DS-2e and DS-3 (Mw of 51.6-63.8 kDa) 368:451 Structural studies carried out in three homogeneous depolymerized fractions DS-1, DS-2e and DS-3 (Mw of 51.6-63.8 kDa) showed that these galactans present different chemical characteristics, as monosaccharide composition, content of sulfate groups (14.1-29.9%) and agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads, 2.7:1 for DS-1 and DS-2e and 1:1 for DS-3. 24299779 2 12 dep fractions 400:408 arg1 DS-2e 416:420 DS-2e 416:420 DS-2e 416:420 Structural studies carried out in three homogeneous depolymerized fractions DS-1, DS-2e and DS-3 (Mw of 51.6-63.8 kDa) showed that these galactans present different chemical characteristics, as monosaccharide composition, content of sulfate groups (14.1-29.9%) and agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads, 2.7:1 for DS-1 and DS-2e and 1:1 for DS-3. 24299779 3 13 theme residues 841:848 arg1 C-6 822:824 C-6 822:824 C-6 of α-galactose residues 822:848 The sulfate groups are located principally on C-2 of β-d-galactopyranose and 4,6-O-(1'-carboxyethylidene)-β-d-galactopyranose residues and on C-6 of α-galactose residues. 24299779 1 14 theme sulfated 177:184 arg1 galactans 196:204 sulfated dl-hybrid galactans 177:204 sulfated dl-hybrid galactans obtained from the red seaweed Cryptonemia seminervis and their depolymerized products obtained by reductive partial hydrolysis 177:331 The anti-HMPV (human metapneumovirus) activity was determined for sulfated dl-hybrid galactans obtained from the red seaweed Cryptonemia seminervis and their depolymerized products obtained by reductive partial hydrolysis. 24299779 6 15 theme host 1197:1200 arg1 cell 1202:1205 the host cell 1193:1205 the host cell 1193:1205 Besides depolymerized galactans DS-2e and DS-3 inhibited the recognition of cell receptor by HMPV and penetration to the host cell, respectively. 24299779 1 16 theme dl-hybrid 186:194 arg1 galactans 196:204 sulfated dl-hybrid galactans 177:204 sulfated dl-hybrid galactans obtained from the red seaweed Cryptonemia seminervis and their depolymerized products obtained by reductive partial hydrolysis 177:331 The anti-HMPV (human metapneumovirus) activity was determined for sulfated dl-hybrid galactans obtained from the red seaweed Cryptonemia seminervis and their depolymerized products obtained by reductive partial hydrolysis. 24299779 4 17 theme depolymerized 883:895 arg1 products 897:904 their depolymerized products 877:904 their depolymerized products 877:904 Sulfated dl-galactans and their depolymerized products exhibited antiviral activity at a very early stage of the viral infection cycle. 24299779 4 18 theme cycle 980:984 arg1 stage 951:955 a very early stage 938:955 a very early stage of the viral infection cycle 938:984 Sulfated dl-galactans and their depolymerized products exhibited antiviral activity at a very early stage of the viral infection cycle. 24299779 1 19 theme reductive 304:312 arg1 hydrolysis 322:331 reductive partial hydrolysis 304:331 reductive partial hydrolysis 304:331 The anti-HMPV (human metapneumovirus) activity was determined for sulfated dl-hybrid galactans obtained from the red seaweed Cryptonemia seminervis and their depolymerized products obtained by reductive partial hydrolysis. 24299779 2 20 dep present 481:487 arg1 2.7:1 637:641 2.7:1 637:641 2.7:1 for DS-1 and DS-2e and 1:1 for DS-3 637:677 Structural studies carried out in three homogeneous depolymerized fractions DS-1, DS-2e and DS-3 (Mw of 51.6-63.8 kDa) showed that these galactans present different chemical characteristics, as monosaccharide composition, content of sulfate groups (14.1-29.9%) and agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads, 2.7:1 for DS-1 and DS-2e and 1:1 for DS-3. 24299779 1 21 theme partial 314:320 arg1 hydrolysis 322:331 reductive partial hydrolysis 304:331 reductive partial hydrolysis 304:331 The anti-HMPV (human metapneumovirus) activity was determined for sulfated dl-hybrid galactans obtained from the red seaweed Cryptonemia seminervis and their depolymerized products obtained by reductive partial hydrolysis. 24299779 6 22 theme depolymerized 1084:1096 arg1 galactans 1098:1106 depolymerized galactans 1084:1106 depolymerized galactans 1084:1106 Besides depolymerized galactans DS-2e and DS-3 inhibited the recognition of cell receptor by HMPV and penetration to the host cell, respectively. 24299779 0 23 theme anti-metapneumovirus 14:33 arg1 activity 35:42 anti-metapneumovirus activity 14:42 anti-metapneumovirus activity 14:42 Structure and anti-metapneumovirus activity of sulfated galactans from the red seaweed Cryptonemia seminervis. 24299779 3 24 theme β-d-galactopyranose 733:751 arg1 residues 806:813 β-d-galactopyranose and 4,6-O-(1'-carboxyethylidene)-β-d-galactopyranose residues 733:813 β-d-galactopyranose and 4,6-O-(1'-carboxyethylidene)-β-d-galactopyranose residues 733:813 The sulfate groups are located principally on C-2 of β-d-galactopyranose and 4,6-O-(1'-carboxyethylidene)-β-d-galactopyranose residues and on C-6 of α-galactose residues. 24299779 1 25 theme anti-HMPV 115:123 arg1 activity 149:156 The anti-HMPV (human metapneumovirus) activity 111:156 The anti-HMPV (human metapneumovirus) activity 111:156 The anti-HMPV (human metapneumovirus) activity was determined for sulfated dl-hybrid galactans obtained from the red seaweed Cryptonemia seminervis and their depolymerized products obtained by reductive partial hydrolysis. 24299779 0 26 theme sulfated 47:54 arg1 galactans 56:64 sulfated galactans 47:64 sulfated galactans 47:64 Structure and anti-metapneumovirus activity of sulfated galactans from the red seaweed Cryptonemia seminervis. 24299779 2 27 theme homogeneous 374:384 arg1 DS-1 410:413 DS-1 410:413 DS-1 410:413 Structural studies carried out in three homogeneous depolymerized fractions DS-1, DS-2e and DS-3 (Mw of 51.6-63.8 kDa) showed that these galactans present different chemical characteristics, as monosaccharide composition, content of sulfate groups (14.1-29.9%) and agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads, 2.7:1 for DS-1 and DS-2e and 1:1 for DS-3. 24299779 2 27 theme homogeneous 374:384 arg1 DS-3 426:429 DS-3 426:429 DS-3 426:429 Structural studies carried out in three homogeneous depolymerized fractions DS-1, DS-2e and DS-3 (Mw of 51.6-63.8 kDa) showed that these galactans present different chemical characteristics, as monosaccharide composition, content of sulfate groups (14.1-29.9%) and agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads, 2.7:1 for DS-1 and DS-2e and 1:1 for DS-3. 24299779 2 27 theme homogeneous 374:384 arg1 fractions 400:408 three homogeneous depolymerized fractions DS-1, DS-2e and DS-3 368:429 three homogeneous depolymerized fractions DS-1, DS-2e and DS-3 (Mw of 51.6-63.8 kDa) 368:451 Structural studies carried out in three homogeneous depolymerized fractions DS-1, DS-2e and DS-3 (Mw of 51.6-63.8 kDa) showed that these galactans present different chemical characteristics, as monosaccharide composition, content of sulfate groups (14.1-29.9%) and agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads, 2.7:1 for DS-1 and DS-2e and 1:1 for DS-3. 24299779 2 27 theme homogeneous 374:384 arg1 DS-2e 416:420 DS-2e 416:420 DS-2e 416:420 Structural studies carried out in three homogeneous depolymerized fractions DS-1, DS-2e and DS-3 (Mw of 51.6-63.8 kDa) showed that these galactans present different chemical characteristics, as monosaccharide composition, content of sulfate groups (14.1-29.9%) and agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads, 2.7:1 for DS-1 and DS-2e and 1:1 for DS-3. 24299779 4 28 theme viral 964:968 arg1 cycle 980:984 the viral infection cycle 960:984 the viral infection cycle 960:984 Sulfated dl-galactans and their depolymerized products exhibited antiviral activity at a very early stage of the viral infection cycle. 24299779 1 29 theme red 224:226 arg1 seminervis 248:257 red seaweed Cryptonemia seminervis 224:257 red seaweed Cryptonemia seminervis 224:257 The anti-HMPV (human metapneumovirus) activity was determined for sulfated dl-hybrid galactans obtained from the red seaweed Cryptonemia seminervis and their depolymerized products obtained by reductive partial hydrolysis. 24299779 2 30 theme chemical 499:506 arg1 diads 630:634 agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads 599:634 agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads 599:634 Structural studies carried out in three homogeneous depolymerized fractions DS-1, DS-2e and DS-3 (Mw of 51.6-63.8 kDa) showed that these galactans present different chemical characteristics, as monosaccharide composition, content of sulfate groups (14.1-29.9%) and agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads, 2.7:1 for DS-1 and DS-2e and 1:1 for DS-3. 24299779 2 30 theme chemical 499:506 arg1 characteristics 508:522 different chemical characteristics 489:522 different chemical characteristics 489:522 Structural studies carried out in three homogeneous depolymerized fractions DS-1, DS-2e and DS-3 (Mw of 51.6-63.8 kDa) showed that these galactans present different chemical characteristics, as monosaccharide composition, content of sulfate groups (14.1-29.9%) and agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads, 2.7:1 for DS-1 and DS-2e and 1:1 for DS-3. 24299779 3 31 theme -β-d-galactopyranose 785:804 arg1 residues 806:813 β-d-galactopyranose and 4,6-O-(1'-carboxyethylidene)-β-d-galactopyranose residues 733:813 β-d-galactopyranose and 4,6-O-(1'-carboxyethylidene)-β-d-galactopyranose residues 733:813 The sulfate groups are located principally on C-2 of β-d-galactopyranose and 4,6-O-(1'-carboxyethylidene)-β-d-galactopyranose residues and on C-6 of α-galactose residues. 24299779 2 32 theme groups 575:580 arg1 diads 630:634 agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads 599:634 agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads 599:634 Structural studies carried out in three homogeneous depolymerized fractions DS-1, DS-2e and DS-3 (Mw of 51.6-63.8 kDa) showed that these galactans present different chemical characteristics, as monosaccharide composition, content of sulfate groups (14.1-29.9%) and agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads, 2.7:1 for DS-1 and DS-2e and 1:1 for DS-3. 24299779 2 32 theme groups 575:580 arg1 content 556:562 content 556:562 content of sulfate groups (14.1-29.9%) 556:593 Structural studies carried out in three homogeneous depolymerized fractions DS-1, DS-2e and DS-3 (Mw of 51.6-63.8 kDa) showed that these galactans present different chemical characteristics, as monosaccharide composition, content of sulfate groups (14.1-29.9%) and agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads, 2.7:1 for DS-1 and DS-2e and 1:1 for DS-3. 24299779 2 32 theme groups 575:580 arg1 composition 543:553 monosaccharide composition 528:553 monosaccharide composition 528:553 Structural studies carried out in three homogeneous depolymerized fractions DS-1, DS-2e and DS-3 (Mw of 51.6-63.8 kDa) showed that these galactans present different chemical characteristics, as monosaccharide composition, content of sulfate groups (14.1-29.9%) and agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads, 2.7:1 for DS-1 and DS-2e and 1:1 for DS-3. 24299779 2 32 theme groups 575:580 arg1 characteristics 508:522 different chemical characteristics 489:522 different chemical characteristics 489:522 Structural studies carried out in three homogeneous depolymerized fractions DS-1, DS-2e and DS-3 (Mw of 51.6-63.8 kDa) showed that these galactans present different chemical characteristics, as monosaccharide composition, content of sulfate groups (14.1-29.9%) and agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads, 2.7:1 for DS-1 and DS-2e and 1:1 for DS-3. 24299779 1 33 theme seaweed 228:234 arg1 seminervis 248:257 red seaweed Cryptonemia seminervis 224:257 red seaweed Cryptonemia seminervis 224:257 The anti-HMPV (human metapneumovirus) activity was determined for sulfated dl-hybrid galactans obtained from the red seaweed Cryptonemia seminervis and their depolymerized products obtained by reductive partial hydrolysis. 24299779 2 34 theme different 489:497 arg1 diads 630:634 agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads 599:634 agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads 599:634 Structural studies carried out in three homogeneous depolymerized fractions DS-1, DS-2e and DS-3 (Mw of 51.6-63.8 kDa) showed that these galactans present different chemical characteristics, as monosaccharide composition, content of sulfate groups (14.1-29.9%) and agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads, 2.7:1 for DS-1 and DS-2e and 1:1 for DS-3. 24299779 2 34 theme different 489:497 arg1 characteristics 508:522 different chemical characteristics 489:522 different chemical characteristics 489:522 Structural studies carried out in three homogeneous depolymerized fractions DS-1, DS-2e and DS-3 (Mw of 51.6-63.8 kDa) showed that these galactans present different chemical characteristics, as monosaccharide composition, content of sulfate groups (14.1-29.9%) and agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads, 2.7:1 for DS-1 and DS-2e and 1:1 for DS-3. 24299779 3 35 theme residues 806:813 arg1 C-2 726:728 C-2 726:728 C-2 of β-d-galactopyranose and 4,6-O-(1'-carboxyethylidene)-β-d-galactopyranose residues 726:813 The sulfate groups are located principally on C-2 of β-d-galactopyranose and 4,6-O-(1'-carboxyethylidene)-β-d-galactopyranose residues and on C-6 of α-galactose residues. 24299779 1 36 dep seminervis 248:257 arg1 the 220:222 the 220:222 the 220:222 The anti-HMPV (human metapneumovirus) activity was determined for sulfated dl-hybrid galactans obtained from the red seaweed Cryptonemia seminervis and their depolymerized products obtained by reductive partial hydrolysis. 24299779 4 37 theme Sulfated 851:858 arg1 dl-galactans 860:871 Sulfated dl-galactans 851:871 Sulfated dl-galactans 851:871 Sulfated dl-galactans and their depolymerized products exhibited antiviral activity at a very early stage of the viral infection cycle. 24299779 2 38 theme depolymerized 386:398 arg1 DS-1 410:413 DS-1 410:413 DS-1 410:413 Structural studies carried out in three homogeneous depolymerized fractions DS-1, DS-2e and DS-3 (Mw of 51.6-63.8 kDa) showed that these galactans present different chemical characteristics, as monosaccharide composition, content of sulfate groups (14.1-29.9%) and agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads, 2.7:1 for DS-1 and DS-2e and 1:1 for DS-3. 24299779 2 38 theme depolymerized 386:398 arg1 DS-3 426:429 DS-3 426:429 DS-3 426:429 Structural studies carried out in three homogeneous depolymerized fractions DS-1, DS-2e and DS-3 (Mw of 51.6-63.8 kDa) showed that these galactans present different chemical characteristics, as monosaccharide composition, content of sulfate groups (14.1-29.9%) and agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads, 2.7:1 for DS-1 and DS-2e and 1:1 for DS-3. 24299779 2 38 theme depolymerized 386:398 arg1 fractions 400:408 three homogeneous depolymerized fractions DS-1, DS-2e and DS-3 368:429 three homogeneous depolymerized fractions DS-1, DS-2e and DS-3 (Mw of 51.6-63.8 kDa) 368:451 Structural studies carried out in three homogeneous depolymerized fractions DS-1, DS-2e and DS-3 (Mw of 51.6-63.8 kDa) showed that these galactans present different chemical characteristics, as monosaccharide composition, content of sulfate groups (14.1-29.9%) and agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads, 2.7:1 for DS-1 and DS-2e and 1:1 for DS-3. 24299779 2 38 theme depolymerized 386:398 arg1 DS-2e 416:420 DS-2e 416:420 DS-2e 416:420 Structural studies carried out in three homogeneous depolymerized fractions DS-1, DS-2e and DS-3 (Mw of 51.6-63.8 kDa) showed that these galactans present different chemical characteristics, as monosaccharide composition, content of sulfate groups (14.1-29.9%) and agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads, 2.7:1 for DS-1 and DS-2e and 1:1 for DS-3. 24299779 0 39 theme galactans 56:64 arg1 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure and anti-metapneumovirus activity of sulfated galactans from the red seaweed Cryptonemia seminervis. 24299779 0 39 theme galactans 56:64 arg1 activity 35:42 anti-metapneumovirus activity 14:42 anti-metapneumovirus activity 14:42 Structure and anti-metapneumovirus activity of sulfated galactans from the red seaweed Cryptonemia seminervis. 24299779 2 40 theme agaran 599:604 arg1 diads 630:634 agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads 599:634 agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads 599:634 Structural studies carried out in three homogeneous depolymerized fractions DS-1, DS-2e and DS-3 (Mw of 51.6-63.8 kDa) showed that these galactans present different chemical characteristics, as monosaccharide composition, content of sulfate groups (14.1-29.9%) and agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads, 2.7:1 for DS-1 and DS-2e and 1:1 for DS-3. 24299779 2 40 theme agaran 599:604 arg1 characteristics 508:522 different chemical characteristics 489:522 different chemical characteristics 489:522 Structural studies carried out in three homogeneous depolymerized fractions DS-1, DS-2e and DS-3 (Mw of 51.6-63.8 kDa) showed that these galactans present different chemical characteristics, as monosaccharide composition, content of sulfate groups (14.1-29.9%) and agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads, 2.7:1 for DS-1 and DS-2e and 1:1 for DS-3. 24299779 5 41 theme viral 1060:1064 arg1 particle 1066:1073 the viral particle 1056:1073 the viral particle 1056:1073 All fractions, except DS-2e inhibited HMPV replication by binding to the viral particle. 24299779 1 42 theme human 126:130 arg1 metapneumovirus 132:146 human metapneumovirus 126:146 human metapneumovirus 126:146 The anti-HMPV (human metapneumovirus) activity was determined for sulfated dl-hybrid galactans obtained from the red seaweed Cryptonemia seminervis and their depolymerized products obtained by reductive partial hydrolysis. 24299779 1 42 theme human 126:130 arg1 anti-HMPV 115:123 anti-HMPV 115:123 The anti-HMPV (human metapneumovirus) activity 111:156 The anti-HMPV (human metapneumovirus) activity was determined for sulfated dl-hybrid galactans obtained from the red seaweed Cryptonemia seminervis and their depolymerized products obtained by reductive partial hydrolysis. 24299779 4 43 theme early 945:949 arg1 stage 951:955 a very early stage 938:955 a very early stage of the viral infection cycle 938:984 Sulfated dl-galactans and their depolymerized products exhibited antiviral activity at a very early stage of the viral infection cycle. 24299779 6 44 theme receptor 1157:1164 arg1 recognition 1137:1147 the recognition 1133:1147 the recognition of cell receptor by HMPV and penetration 1133:1188 Besides depolymerized galactans DS-2e and DS-3 inhibited the recognition of cell receptor by HMPV and penetration to the host cell, respectively. 24299779 1 45 theme Cryptonemia 236:246 arg1 seminervis 248:257 red seaweed Cryptonemia seminervis 224:257 red seaweed Cryptonemia seminervis 224:257 The anti-HMPV (human metapneumovirus) activity was determined for sulfated dl-hybrid galactans obtained from the red seaweed Cryptonemia seminervis and their depolymerized products obtained by reductive partial hydrolysis. 24299779 5 46 theme HMPV 1025:1028 arg1 replication 1030:1040 HMPV replication 1025:1040 HMPV replication 1025:1040 All fractions, except DS-2e inhibited HMPV replication by binding to the viral particle. 24299779 6 47 theme cell 1152:1155 arg1 receptor 1157:1164 cell receptor 1152:1164 cell receptor 1152:1164 Besides depolymerized galactans DS-2e and DS-3 inhibited the recognition of cell receptor by HMPV and penetration to the host cell, respectively. 24299779 0 48 theme red 75:77 arg1 seminervis 99:108 the red seaweed Cryptonemia seminervis 71:108 the red seaweed Cryptonemia seminervis 71:108 Structure and anti-metapneumovirus activity of sulfated galactans from the red seaweed Cryptonemia seminervis. 24299779 0 49 from seminervis 99:108 arg1 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure and anti-metapneumovirus activity of sulfated galactans from the red seaweed Cryptonemia seminervis. 24299779 0 49 from seminervis 99:108 arg1 activity 35:42 anti-metapneumovirus activity 14:42 anti-metapneumovirus activity 14:42 Structure and anti-metapneumovirus activity of sulfated galactans from the red seaweed Cryptonemia seminervis. 24299779 2 50 theme monosaccharide 528:541 arg1 composition 543:553 monosaccharide composition 528:553 monosaccharide composition 528:553 Structural studies carried out in three homogeneous depolymerized fractions DS-1, DS-2e and DS-3 (Mw of 51.6-63.8 kDa) showed that these galactans present different chemical characteristics, as monosaccharide composition, content of sulfate groups (14.1-29.9%) and agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads, 2.7:1 for DS-1 and DS-2e and 1:1 for DS-3. 28764648 9 0 theme chain 1763:1767 arg1 distribution 1776:1787 amylopectin chain length distribution 1751:1787 amylopectin chain length distribution 1751:1787 CONCLUSIONS The association of polymorphisms in carbohydrate and starch metabolic genes with variation in amylopectin chain length distribution and percent amylose may help to guide manipulation of pea seed starch structural and functional properties through plant breeding. 28764648 8 1 with genes 1478:1482 arg1 polymorphisms 1500:1512 associated polymorphisms 1489:1512 associated polymorphisms 1489:1512 The genes with associated polymorphisms are involved in the substrate supply, chain elongation and branching stages of the pea carbohydrate and starch metabolic pathways. 28764648 7 2 theme wrinkled 1448:1455 arg1 phenotype 1462:1470 the round versus wrinkled seed phenotype 1431:1470 the round versus wrinkled seed phenotype 1431:1470 Associations were found for polymorphisms in seven candidate genes plus Mendel's r locus (which conditions the round versus wrinkled seed phenotype). 28764648 1 3 theme α-1,6-glycosidic 276:291 arg1 branchpoints 293:304 α-1,6-glycosidic branchpoints 276:304 α-1,6-glycosidic branchpoints 276:304 BACKGROUND Although starch consists of large macromolecules composed of glucose units linked by α-1,4-glycosidic linkages with α-1,6-glycosidic branchpoints, variation in starch structural and functional properties is found both within and between species. 28764648 7 4 theme round 1435:1439 arg1 phenotype 1462:1470 the round versus wrinkled seed phenotype 1431:1470 the round versus wrinkled seed phenotype 1431:1470 Associations were found for polymorphisms in seven candidate genes plus Mendel's r locus (which conditions the round versus wrinkled seed phenotype). 28764648 9 5 dep carbohydrate 1693:1704 arg1 genes 1727:1731 metabolic genes 1717:1731 metabolic genes 1717:1731 CONCLUSIONS The association of polymorphisms in carbohydrate and starch metabolic genes with variation in amylopectin chain length distribution and percent amylose may help to guide manipulation of pea seed starch structural and functional properties through plant breeding. 28764648 9 6 theme metabolic 1717:1725 arg1 genes 1727:1731 metabolic genes 1717:1731 metabolic genes 1717:1731 CONCLUSIONS The association of polymorphisms in carbohydrate and starch metabolic genes with variation in amylopectin chain length distribution and percent amylose may help to guide manipulation of pea seed starch structural and functional properties through plant breeding. 28764648 9 7 theme length 1769:1774 arg1 distribution 1776:1787 amylopectin chain length distribution 1751:1787 amylopectin chain length distribution 1751:1787 CONCLUSIONS The association of polymorphisms in carbohydrate and starch metabolic genes with variation in amylopectin chain length distribution and percent amylose may help to guide manipulation of pea seed starch structural and functional properties through plant breeding. 28764648 6 8 theme mixed 1253:1257 arg1 model 1266:1270 a mixed linear model 1251:1270 a mixed linear model that incorporated population structure and kinship 1251:1321 Association mapping was undertaken to identify polymorphisms associated with the variation in starch chain length distribution and percent amylose, using a mixed linear model that incorporated population structure and kinship. 28764648 3 9 theme starch 567:572 arg1 complex 595:601 complex 595:601 complex 595:601 The starch metabolic pathway is complex but has been characterized in diverse plant species, including pea. 28764648 3 9 theme starch 567:572 arg1 pathway 584:590 The starch metabolic pathway 563:590 The starch metabolic pathway 563:590 The starch metabolic pathway is complex but has been characterized in diverse plant species, including pea. 28764648 9 10 from starch 1710:1715 arg1 association 1661:1671 The association 1657:1671 The association of polymorphisms in carbohydrate and starch metabolic genes with variation in amylopectin chain length distribution and percent amylose 1657:1807 CONCLUSIONS The association of polymorphisms in carbohydrate and starch metabolic genes with variation in amylopectin chain length distribution and percent amylose may help to guide manipulation of pea seed starch structural and functional properties through plant breeding. 28764648 2 11 theme novel 547:551 arg1 starches 553:560 novel starches 547:560 novel starches 547:560 Interest in starch genetics is based on the importance of starch in food and industrial processes, with the potential of genetics to provide novel starches. 28764648 7 12 theme r 1405:1405 arg1 locus 1407:1411 Mendel's r locus 1396:1411 Mendel's r locus (which conditions the round versus wrinkled seed phenotype) 1396:1471 Associations were found for polymorphisms in seven candidate genes plus Mendel's r locus (which conditions the round versus wrinkled seed phenotype). 28764648 0 13 theme carbohydrate 108:119 arg1 genes 142:146 carbohydrate metabolism candidate genes 108:146 carbohydrate metabolism candidate genes 108:146 Association mapping of starch chain length distribution and amylose content in pea (Pisum sativum L.) using carbohydrate metabolism candidate genes. 28764648 9 14 from carbohydrate 1693:1704 arg1 association 1661:1671 The association 1657:1671 The association of polymorphisms in carbohydrate and starch metabolic genes with variation in amylopectin chain length distribution and percent amylose 1657:1807 CONCLUSIONS The association of polymorphisms in carbohydrate and starch metabolic genes with variation in amylopectin chain length distribution and percent amylose may help to guide manipulation of pea seed starch structural and functional properties through plant breeding. 28764648 4 15 theme pea 902:904 arg1 lines 906:910 92 diverse pea lines 891:910 92 diverse pea lines 891:910 RESULTS To understand how allelic variation in the pea starch metabolic pathway affects starch structure and percent amylose, partial sequences of 25 candidate genes were characterized for polymorphisms using a panel of 92 diverse pea lines. 28764648 0 16 theme candidate 132:140 arg1 genes 142:146 carbohydrate metabolism candidate genes 108:146 carbohydrate metabolism candidate genes 108:146 Association mapping of starch chain length distribution and amylose content in pea (Pisum sativum L.) using carbohydrate metabolism candidate genes. 28764648 9 17 from polymorphisms 1676:1688 arg1 starch 1710:1715 starch 1710:1715 starch 1710:1715 CONCLUSIONS The association of polymorphisms in carbohydrate and starch metabolic genes with variation in amylopectin chain length distribution and percent amylose may help to guide manipulation of pea seed starch structural and functional properties through plant breeding. 28764648 9 17 from polymorphisms 1676:1688 arg1 carbohydrate 1693:1704 carbohydrate 1693:1704 carbohydrate 1693:1704 CONCLUSIONS The association of polymorphisms in carbohydrate and starch metabolic genes with variation in amylopectin chain length distribution and percent amylose may help to guide manipulation of pea seed starch structural and functional properties through plant breeding. 28764648 6 18 theme percent 1228:1234 arg1 amylose 1236:1242 percent amylose 1228:1242 percent amylose 1228:1242 Association mapping was undertaken to identify polymorphisms associated with the variation in starch chain length distribution and percent amylose, using a mixed linear model that incorporated population structure and kinship. 28764648 4 19 theme starch 726:731 arg1 pathway 743:749 the pea starch metabolic pathway 718:749 the pea starch metabolic pathway 718:749 RESULTS To understand how allelic variation in the pea starch metabolic pathway affects starch structure and percent amylose, partial sequences of 25 candidate genes were characterized for polymorphisms using a panel of 92 diverse pea lines. 28764648 5 20 theme structure 1050:1058 arg1 starch 976:981 extracted seed starch 961:981 extracted seed starch 961:981 Variation in the percent amylose composition of extracted seed starch and (amylopectin) chain length distribution, one measure of starch structure, were characterized for these lines. 28764648 5 20 theme structure 1050:1058 arg1 measure 1032:1038 one measure 1028:1038 one measure of starch structure 1028:1058 Variation in the percent amylose composition of extracted seed starch and (amylopectin) chain length distribution, one measure of starch structure, were characterized for these lines. 28764648 6 21 theme chain 1198:1202 arg1 distribution 1211:1222 starch chain length distribution 1191:1222 starch chain length distribution 1191:1222 Association mapping was undertaken to identify polymorphisms associated with the variation in starch chain length distribution and percent amylose, using a mixed linear model that incorporated population structure and kinship. 28764648 5 22 theme percent 930:936 arg1 composition 946:956 the percent amylose composition 926:956 the percent amylose composition of extracted seed starch and (amylopectin) chain length distribution, one measure of starch structure, 926:1059 Variation in the percent amylose composition of extracted seed starch and (amylopectin) chain length distribution, one measure of starch structure, were characterized for these lines. 28764648 9 23 theme percent 1793:1799 arg1 amylose 1801:1807 percent amylose 1793:1807 percent amylose 1793:1807 CONCLUSIONS The association of polymorphisms in carbohydrate and starch metabolic genes with variation in amylopectin chain length distribution and percent amylose may help to guide manipulation of pea seed starch structural and functional properties through plant breeding. 28764648 8 24 theme associated 1489:1498 arg1 polymorphisms 1500:1512 associated polymorphisms 1489:1512 associated polymorphisms 1489:1512 The genes with associated polymorphisms are involved in the substrate supply, chain elongation and branching stages of the pea carbohydrate and starch metabolic pathways. 28764648 0 25 theme amylose 60:66 arg1 content 68:74 amylose content 60:74 amylose content 60:74 Association mapping of starch chain length distribution and amylose content in pea (Pisum sativum L.) using carbohydrate metabolism candidate genes. 28764648 3 26 theme diverse 633:639 arg1 species 647:653 diverse plant species 633:653 diverse plant species 633:653 The starch metabolic pathway is complex but has been characterized in diverse plant species, including pea. 28764648 3 26 theme diverse 633:639 arg1 pea 666:668 pea 666:668 pea 666:668 The starch metabolic pathway is complex but has been characterized in diverse plant species, including pea. 28764648 6 27 theme starch 1191:1196 arg1 distribution 1211:1222 starch chain length distribution 1191:1222 starch chain length distribution 1191:1222 Association mapping was undertaken to identify polymorphisms associated with the variation in starch chain length distribution and percent amylose, using a mixed linear model that incorporated population structure and kinship. 28764648 5 28 theme starch 976:981 arg1 composition 946:956 the percent amylose composition 926:956 the percent amylose composition of extracted seed starch and (amylopectin) chain length distribution, one measure of starch structure, 926:1059 Variation in the percent amylose composition of extracted seed starch and (amylopectin) chain length distribution, one measure of starch structure, were characterized for these lines. 28764648 9 29 from variation 1738:1746 arg1 distribution 1776:1787 amylopectin chain length distribution 1751:1787 amylopectin chain length distribution 1751:1787 CONCLUSIONS The association of polymorphisms in carbohydrate and starch metabolic genes with variation in amylopectin chain length distribution and percent amylose may help to guide manipulation of pea seed starch structural and functional properties through plant breeding. 28764648 9 29 from variation 1738:1746 arg1 amylose 1801:1807 percent amylose 1793:1807 percent amylose 1793:1807 CONCLUSIONS The association of polymorphisms in carbohydrate and starch metabolic genes with variation in amylopectin chain length distribution and percent amylose may help to guide manipulation of pea seed starch structural and functional properties through plant breeding. 28764648 0 30 from distribution 43:54 arg1 Pisum 84:88 Pisum 84:88 Pisum 84:88 Association mapping of starch chain length distribution and amylose content in pea (Pisum sativum L.) using carbohydrate metabolism candidate genes. 28764648 0 30 from distribution 43:54 arg1 pea 79:81 pea 79:81 pea (Pisum sativum L.) using carbohydrate metabolism candidate genes 79:146 Association mapping of starch chain length distribution and amylose content in pea (Pisum sativum L.) using carbohydrate metabolism candidate genes. 28764648 6 31 from variation 1178:1186 arg1 distribution 1211:1222 starch chain length distribution 1191:1222 starch chain length distribution 1191:1222 Association mapping was undertaken to identify polymorphisms associated with the variation in starch chain length distribution and percent amylose, using a mixed linear model that incorporated population structure and kinship. 28764648 6 31 from variation 1178:1186 arg1 amylose 1236:1242 percent amylose 1228:1242 percent amylose 1228:1242 Association mapping was undertaken to identify polymorphisms associated with the variation in starch chain length distribution and percent amylose, using a mixed linear model that incorporated population structure and kinship. 28764648 2 32 theme starch 418:423 arg1 genetics 425:432 starch genetics 418:432 starch genetics 418:432 Interest in starch genetics is based on the importance of starch in food and industrial processes, with the potential of genetics to provide novel starches. 28764648 2 33 theme starch 464:469 arg1 importance 450:459 the importance 446:459 the importance of starch in food and industrial processes 446:502 Interest in starch genetics is based on the importance of starch in food and industrial processes, with the potential of genetics to provide novel starches. 28764648 0 34 theme Association 0:10 arg1 mapping 12:18 Association mapping 0:18 Association mapping of starch chain length distribution and amylose content in pea (Pisum sativum L.) using carbohydrate metabolism candidate genes. 0:147 Association mapping of starch chain length distribution and amylose content in pea (Pisum sativum L.) using carbohydrate metabolism candidate genes. 28764648 5 35 from Variation 913:921 arg1 composition 946:956 the percent amylose composition 926:956 the percent amylose composition of extracted seed starch and (amylopectin) chain length distribution, one measure of starch structure, 926:1059 Variation in the percent amylose composition of extracted seed starch and (amylopectin) chain length distribution, one measure of starch structure, were characterized for these lines. 28764648 9 36 theme starch 1852:1857 arg1 properties 1885:1894 pea seed starch structural and functional properties 1843:1894 pea seed starch structural and functional properties 1843:1894 CONCLUSIONS The association of polymorphisms in carbohydrate and starch metabolic genes with variation in amylopectin chain length distribution and percent amylose may help to guide manipulation of pea seed starch structural and functional properties through plant breeding. 28764648 4 37 theme starch 759:764 arg1 structure 766:774 starch structure 759:774 starch structure 759:774 RESULTS To understand how allelic variation in the pea starch metabolic pathway affects starch structure and percent amylose, partial sequences of 25 candidate genes were characterized for polymorphisms using a panel of 92 diverse pea lines. 28764648 5 38 theme extracted 961:969 arg1 starch 976:981 extracted seed starch 961:981 extracted seed starch 961:981 Variation in the percent amylose composition of extracted seed starch and (amylopectin) chain length distribution, one measure of starch structure, were characterized for these lines. 28764648 5 38 theme extracted 961:969 arg1 measure 1032:1038 one measure 1028:1038 one measure of starch structure 1028:1058 Variation in the percent amylose composition of extracted seed starch and (amylopectin) chain length distribution, one measure of starch structure, were characterized for these lines. 28764648 2 39 theme industrial 483:492 arg1 processes 494:502 industrial processes 483:502 industrial processes 483:502 Interest in starch genetics is based on the importance of starch in food and industrial processes, with the potential of genetics to provide novel starches. 28764648 8 40 theme branching 1573:1581 arg1 stages 1583:1588 branching stages 1573:1588 branching stages of the pea carbohydrate and starch metabolic pathways 1573:1642 The genes with associated polymorphisms are involved in the substrate supply, chain elongation and branching stages of the pea carbohydrate and starch metabolic pathways. 28764648 4 41 theme candidate 821:829 arg1 genes 831:835 25 candidate genes 818:835 25 candidate genes 818:835 RESULTS To understand how allelic variation in the pea starch metabolic pathway affects starch structure and percent amylose, partial sequences of 25 candidate genes were characterized for polymorphisms using a panel of 92 diverse pea lines. 28764648 0 42 theme chain 30:34 arg1 distribution 43:54 starch chain length distribution 23:54 starch chain length distribution 23:54 Association mapping of starch chain length distribution and amylose content in pea (Pisum sativum L.) using carbohydrate metabolism candidate genes. 28764648 1 43 theme starch 320:325 arg1 properties 353:362 starch structural and functional properties 320:362 starch structural and functional properties 320:362 BACKGROUND Although starch consists of large macromolecules composed of glucose units linked by α-1,4-glycosidic linkages with α-1,6-glycosidic branchpoints, variation in starch structural and functional properties is found both within and between species. 28764648 2 44 from Interest 406:413 arg1 genetics 425:432 starch genetics 418:432 starch genetics 418:432 Interest in starch genetics is based on the importance of starch in food and industrial processes, with the potential of genetics to provide novel starches. 28764648 9 45 theme properties 1885:1894 arg1 manipulation 1827:1838 manipulation 1827:1838 manipulation of pea seed starch structural and functional properties 1827:1894 CONCLUSIONS The association of polymorphisms in carbohydrate and starch metabolic genes with variation in amylopectin chain length distribution and percent amylose may help to guide manipulation of pea seed starch structural and functional properties through plant breeding. 28764648 0 46 theme distribution 43:54 arg1 mapping 12:18 Association mapping 0:18 Association mapping of starch chain length distribution and amylose content in pea (Pisum sativum L.) using carbohydrate metabolism candidate genes. 0:147 Association mapping of starch chain length distribution and amylose content in pea (Pisum sativum L.) using carbohydrate metabolism candidate genes. 28764648 9 47 theme plant 1904:1908 arg1 breeding 1910:1917 plant breeding 1904:1917 plant breeding 1904:1917 CONCLUSIONS The association of polymorphisms in carbohydrate and starch metabolic genes with variation in amylopectin chain length distribution and percent amylose may help to guide manipulation of pea seed starch structural and functional properties through plant breeding. 28764648 6 48 theme length 1204:1209 arg1 distribution 1211:1222 starch chain length distribution 1191:1222 starch chain length distribution 1191:1222 Association mapping was undertaken to identify polymorphisms associated with the variation in starch chain length distribution and percent amylose, using a mixed linear model that incorporated population structure and kinship. 28764648 4 49 theme partial 797:803 arg1 sequences 805:813 partial sequences 797:813 partial sequences of 25 candidate genes 797:835 RESULTS To understand how allelic variation in the pea starch metabolic pathway affects starch structure and percent amylose, partial sequences of 25 candidate genes were characterized for polymorphisms using a panel of 92 diverse pea lines. 28764648 1 50 theme glucose 221:227 arg1 units 229:233 glucose units 221:233 glucose units linked by α-1,4-glycosidic linkages with α-1,6-glycosidic branchpoints, variation in starch structural and functional properties is found both within and between species 221:403 BACKGROUND Although starch consists of large macromolecules composed of glucose units linked by α-1,4-glycosidic linkages with α-1,6-glycosidic branchpoints, variation in starch structural and functional properties is found both within and between species. 28764648 5 51 theme length 1007:1012 arg1 distribution 1014:1025 (amylopectin) chain length distribution 987:1025 (amylopectin) chain length distribution 987:1025 Variation in the percent amylose composition of extracted seed starch and (amylopectin) chain length distribution, one measure of starch structure, were characterized for these lines. 28764648 7 52 from polymorphisms 1352:1364 arg1 genes 1385:1389 seven candidate genes 1369:1389 seven candidate genes 1369:1389 Associations were found for polymorphisms in seven candidate genes plus Mendel's r locus (which conditions the round versus wrinkled seed phenotype). 28764648 6 53 theme Association 1097:1107 arg1 mapping 1109:1115 Association mapping 1097:1115 Association mapping 1097:1115 Association mapping was undertaken to identify polymorphisms associated with the variation in starch chain length distribution and percent amylose, using a mixed linear model that incorporated population structure and kinship. 28764648 8 54 theme metabolic 1625:1633 arg1 pathways 1635:1642 the pea carbohydrate and starch metabolic pathways 1593:1642 pathways 1635:1642 The genes with associated polymorphisms are involved in the substrate supply, chain elongation and branching stages of the pea carbohydrate and starch metabolic pathways. 28764648 1 55 theme α-1,4-glycosidic 245:260 arg1 linkages 262:269 α-1,4-glycosidic linkages 245:269 α-1,4-glycosidic linkages with α-1,6-glycosidic branchpoints, variation in starch structural and functional properties is found both within and between species 245:403 BACKGROUND Although starch consists of large macromolecules composed of glucose units linked by α-1,4-glycosidic linkages with α-1,6-glycosidic branchpoints, variation in starch structural and functional properties is found both within and between species. 28764648 9 56 theme polymorphisms 1676:1688 arg1 association 1661:1671 The association 1657:1671 The association of polymorphisms in carbohydrate and starch metabolic genes with variation in amylopectin chain length distribution and percent amylose 1657:1807 CONCLUSIONS The association of polymorphisms in carbohydrate and starch metabolic genes with variation in amylopectin chain length distribution and percent amylose may help to guide manipulation of pea seed starch structural and functional properties through plant breeding. 28764648 6 57 theme population 1290:1299 arg1 structure 1301:1309 population structure 1290:1309 population structure 1290:1309 Association mapping was undertaken to identify polymorphisms associated with the variation in starch chain length distribution and percent amylose, using a mixed linear model that incorporated population structure and kinship. 28764648 7 58 theme seed 1457:1460 arg1 phenotype 1462:1470 the round versus wrinkled seed phenotype 1431:1470 the round versus wrinkled seed phenotype 1431:1470 Associations were found for polymorphisms in seven candidate genes plus Mendel's r locus (which conditions the round versus wrinkled seed phenotype). 28764648 1 59 from variation 307:315 arg1 properties 353:362 starch structural and functional properties 320:362 starch structural and functional properties 320:362 BACKGROUND Although starch consists of large macromolecules composed of glucose units linked by α-1,4-glycosidic linkages with α-1,6-glycosidic branchpoints, variation in starch structural and functional properties is found both within and between species. 28764648 6 60 theme linear 1259:1264 arg1 model 1266:1270 a mixed linear model 1251:1270 a mixed linear model that incorporated population structure and kinship 1251:1321 Association mapping was undertaken to identify polymorphisms associated with the variation in starch chain length distribution and percent amylose, using a mixed linear model that incorporated population structure and kinship. 28764648 3 61 theme metabolic 574:582 arg1 complex 595:601 complex 595:601 complex 595:601 The starch metabolic pathway is complex but has been characterized in diverse plant species, including pea. 28764648 3 61 theme metabolic 574:582 arg1 pathway 584:590 The starch metabolic pathway 563:590 The starch metabolic pathway 563:590 The starch metabolic pathway is complex but has been characterized in diverse plant species, including pea. 28764648 0 62 from mapping 12:18 arg1 Pisum 84:88 Pisum 84:88 Pisum 84:88 Association mapping of starch chain length distribution and amylose content in pea (Pisum sativum L.) using carbohydrate metabolism candidate genes. 28764648 0 62 from mapping 12:18 arg1 pea 79:81 pea 79:81 pea (Pisum sativum L.) using carbohydrate metabolism candidate genes 79:146 Association mapping of starch chain length distribution and amylose content in pea (Pisum sativum L.) using carbohydrate metabolism candidate genes. 28764648 1 63 theme large 188:192 arg1 macromolecules 194:207 large macromolecules 188:207 large macromolecules composed of glucose units linked by α-1,4-glycosidic linkages with α-1,6-glycosidic branchpoints, variation in starch structural and functional properties is found both within and between species 188:403 BACKGROUND Although starch consists of large macromolecules composed of glucose units linked by α-1,4-glycosidic linkages with α-1,6-glycosidic branchpoints, variation in starch structural and functional properties is found both within and between species. 28764648 0 64 from pea 79:81 arg1 mapping 12:18 Association mapping 0:18 Association mapping of starch chain length distribution and amylose content in pea (Pisum sativum L.) using carbohydrate metabolism candidate genes. 0:147 Association mapping of starch chain length distribution and amylose content in pea (Pisum sativum L.) using carbohydrate metabolism candidate genes. 28764648 0 65 theme metabolism 121:130 arg1 genes 142:146 carbohydrate metabolism candidate genes 108:146 carbohydrate metabolism candidate genes 108:146 Association mapping of starch chain length distribution and amylose content in pea (Pisum sativum L.) using carbohydrate metabolism candidate genes. 28764648 9 66 theme amylopectin 1751:1761 arg1 distribution 1776:1787 amylopectin chain length distribution 1751:1787 amylopectin chain length distribution 1751:1787 CONCLUSIONS The association of polymorphisms in carbohydrate and starch metabolic genes with variation in amylopectin chain length distribution and percent amylose may help to guide manipulation of pea seed starch structural and functional properties through plant breeding. 28764648 0 67 from content 68:74 arg1 Pisum 84:88 Pisum 84:88 Pisum 84:88 Association mapping of starch chain length distribution and amylose content in pea (Pisum sativum L.) using carbohydrate metabolism candidate genes. 28764648 0 67 from content 68:74 arg1 pea 79:81 pea 79:81 pea (Pisum sativum L.) using carbohydrate metabolism candidate genes 79:146 Association mapping of starch chain length distribution and amylose content in pea (Pisum sativum L.) using carbohydrate metabolism candidate genes. 28764648 8 68 theme pea 1597:1599 arg1 carbohydrate 1601:1612 the pea carbohydrate and starch metabolic pathways 1593:1642 carbohydrate 1601:1612 The genes with associated polymorphisms are involved in the substrate supply, chain elongation and branching stages of the pea carbohydrate and starch metabolic pathways. 28764648 4 69 theme diverse 894:900 arg1 lines 906:910 92 diverse pea lines 891:910 92 diverse pea lines 891:910 RESULTS To understand how allelic variation in the pea starch metabolic pathway affects starch structure and percent amylose, partial sequences of 25 candidate genes were characterized for polymorphisms using a panel of 92 diverse pea lines. 28764648 5 70 theme starch 1043:1048 arg1 structure 1050:1058 starch structure 1043:1058 starch structure 1043:1058 Variation in the percent amylose composition of extracted seed starch and (amylopectin) chain length distribution, one measure of starch structure, were characterized for these lines. 28764648 4 71 theme lines 906:910 arg1 panel 882:886 a panel 880:886 a panel of 92 diverse pea lines 880:910 RESULTS To understand how allelic variation in the pea starch metabolic pathway affects starch structure and percent amylose, partial sequences of 25 candidate genes were characterized for polymorphisms using a panel of 92 diverse pea lines. 28764648 4 72 theme pea 722:724 arg1 pathway 743:749 the pea starch metabolic pathway 718:749 the pea starch metabolic pathway 718:749 RESULTS To understand how allelic variation in the pea starch metabolic pathway affects starch structure and percent amylose, partial sequences of 25 candidate genes were characterized for polymorphisms using a panel of 92 diverse pea lines. 28764648 0 73 theme content 68:74 arg1 mapping 12:18 Association mapping 0:18 Association mapping of starch chain length distribution and amylose content in pea (Pisum sativum L.) using carbohydrate metabolism candidate genes. 0:147 Association mapping of starch chain length distribution and amylose content in pea (Pisum sativum L.) using carbohydrate metabolism candidate genes. 28764648 2 74 from importance 450:459 arg1 food 474:477 food 474:477 food 474:477 Interest in starch genetics is based on the importance of starch in food and industrial processes, with the potential of genetics to provide novel starches. 28764648 2 74 from importance 450:459 arg1 processes 494:502 industrial processes 483:502 industrial processes 483:502 Interest in starch genetics is based on the importance of starch in food and industrial processes, with the potential of genetics to provide novel starches. 28764648 7 75 theme candidate 1375:1383 arg1 genes 1385:1389 seven candidate genes 1369:1389 seven candidate genes 1369:1389 Associations were found for polymorphisms in seven candidate genes plus Mendel's r locus (which conditions the round versus wrinkled seed phenotype). 28764648 1 76 dep branchpoints 293:304 arg1 found 367:371 found 367:371 is found both within and between species 364:403 BACKGROUND Although starch consists of large macromolecules composed of glucose units linked by α-1,4-glycosidic linkages with α-1,6-glycosidic branchpoints, variation in starch structural and functional properties is found both within and between species. 28764648 4 77 theme allelic 697:703 arg1 variation 705:713 allelic variation 697:713 allelic variation in the pea starch metabolic pathway 697:749 RESULTS To understand how allelic variation in the pea starch metabolic pathway affects starch structure and percent amylose, partial sequences of 25 candidate genes were characterized for polymorphisms using a panel of 92 diverse pea lines. 28764648 5 78 theme seed 971:974 arg1 starch 976:981 extracted seed starch 961:981 extracted seed starch 961:981 Variation in the percent amylose composition of extracted seed starch and (amylopectin) chain length distribution, one measure of starch structure, were characterized for these lines. 28764648 5 78 theme seed 971:974 arg1 measure 1032:1038 one measure 1028:1038 one measure of starch structure 1028:1058 Variation in the percent amylose composition of extracted seed starch and (amylopectin) chain length distribution, one measure of starch structure, were characterized for these lines. 28764648 2 79 theme genetics 527:534 arg1 potential 514:522 the potential 510:522 the potential of genetics to provide novel starches 510:560 Interest in starch genetics is based on the importance of starch in food and industrial processes, with the potential of genetics to provide novel starches. 28764648 0 80 dep Pisum 84:88 arg1 L. 98:99 Pisum sativum L. 84:99 Pisum sativum L. 84:99 Association mapping of starch chain length distribution and amylose content in pea (Pisum sativum L.) using carbohydrate metabolism candidate genes. 28764648 9 81 from association 1661:1671 arg1 starch 1710:1715 starch 1710:1715 starch 1710:1715 CONCLUSIONS The association of polymorphisms in carbohydrate and starch metabolic genes with variation in amylopectin chain length distribution and percent amylose may help to guide manipulation of pea seed starch structural and functional properties through plant breeding. 28764648 9 81 from association 1661:1671 arg1 carbohydrate 1693:1704 carbohydrate 1693:1704 carbohydrate 1693:1704 CONCLUSIONS The association of polymorphisms in carbohydrate and starch metabolic genes with variation in amylopectin chain length distribution and percent amylose may help to guide manipulation of pea seed starch structural and functional properties through plant breeding. 28764648 8 82 theme chain 1552:1556 arg1 elongation 1558:1567 chain elongation 1552:1567 chain elongation 1552:1567 The genes with associated polymorphisms are involved in the substrate supply, chain elongation and branching stages of the pea carbohydrate and starch metabolic pathways. 28764648 4 83 theme percent 780:786 arg1 amylose 788:794 percent amylose 780:794 percent amylose 780:794 RESULTS To understand how allelic variation in the pea starch metabolic pathway affects starch structure and percent amylose, partial sequences of 25 candidate genes were characterized for polymorphisms using a panel of 92 diverse pea lines. 28764648 5 84 theme amylose 938:944 arg1 composition 946:956 the percent amylose composition 926:956 the percent amylose composition of extracted seed starch and (amylopectin) chain length distribution, one measure of starch structure, 926:1059 Variation in the percent amylose composition of extracted seed starch and (amylopectin) chain length distribution, one measure of starch structure, were characterized for these lines. 28764648 8 85 theme substrate 1534:1542 arg1 supply 1544:1549 the substrate supply 1530:1549 the substrate supply 1530:1549 The genes with associated polymorphisms are involved in the substrate supply, chain elongation and branching stages of the pea carbohydrate and starch metabolic pathways. 28764648 9 86 theme seed 1847:1850 arg1 properties 1885:1894 pea seed starch structural and functional properties 1843:1894 pea seed starch structural and functional properties 1843:1894 CONCLUSIONS The association of polymorphisms in carbohydrate and starch metabolic genes with variation in amylopectin chain length distribution and percent amylose may help to guide manipulation of pea seed starch structural and functional properties through plant breeding. 28764648 4 87 theme metabolic 733:741 arg1 pathway 743:749 the pea starch metabolic pathway 718:749 the pea starch metabolic pathway 718:749 RESULTS To understand how allelic variation in the pea starch metabolic pathway affects starch structure and percent amylose, partial sequences of 25 candidate genes were characterized for polymorphisms using a panel of 92 diverse pea lines. 28764648 0 88 theme starch 23:28 arg1 distribution 43:54 starch chain length distribution 23:54 starch chain length distribution 23:54 Association mapping of starch chain length distribution and amylose content in pea (Pisum sativum L.) using carbohydrate metabolism candidate genes. 28764648 9 89 theme structural 1859:1868 arg1 properties 1885:1894 pea seed starch structural and functional properties 1843:1894 pea seed starch structural and functional properties 1843:1894 CONCLUSIONS The association of polymorphisms in carbohydrate and starch metabolic genes with variation in amylopectin chain length distribution and percent amylose may help to guide manipulation of pea seed starch structural and functional properties through plant breeding. 28764648 0 90 theme length 36:41 arg1 distribution 43:54 starch chain length distribution 23:54 starch chain length distribution 23:54 Association mapping of starch chain length distribution and amylose content in pea (Pisum sativum L.) using carbohydrate metabolism candidate genes. 28764648 5 91 theme distribution 1014:1025 arg1 composition 946:956 the percent amylose composition 926:956 the percent amylose composition of extracted seed starch and (amylopectin) chain length distribution, one measure of starch structure, 926:1059 Variation in the percent amylose composition of extracted seed starch and (amylopectin) chain length distribution, one measure of starch structure, were characterized for these lines. 28764648 9 92 theme functional 1874:1883 arg1 properties 1885:1894 pea seed starch structural and functional properties 1843:1894 pea seed starch structural and functional properties 1843:1894 CONCLUSIONS The association of polymorphisms in carbohydrate and starch metabolic genes with variation in amylopectin chain length distribution and percent amylose may help to guide manipulation of pea seed starch structural and functional properties through plant breeding. 28764648 3 93 theme plant 641:645 arg1 species 647:653 diverse plant species 633:653 diverse plant species 633:653 The starch metabolic pathway is complex but has been characterized in diverse plant species, including pea. 28764648 3 93 theme plant 641:645 arg1 pea 666:668 pea 666:668 pea 666:668 The starch metabolic pathway is complex but has been characterized in diverse plant species, including pea. 28764648 1 94 theme structural 327:336 arg1 properties 353:362 starch structural and functional properties 320:362 starch structural and functional properties 320:362 BACKGROUND Although starch consists of large macromolecules composed of glucose units linked by α-1,4-glycosidic linkages with α-1,6-glycosidic branchpoints, variation in starch structural and functional properties is found both within and between species. 28764648 8 95 theme carbohydrate 1601:1612 arg1 supply 1544:1549 the substrate supply 1530:1549 the substrate supply 1530:1549 The genes with associated polymorphisms are involved in the substrate supply, chain elongation and branching stages of the pea carbohydrate and starch metabolic pathways. 28764648 8 95 theme carbohydrate 1601:1612 arg1 elongation 1558:1567 chain elongation 1552:1567 chain elongation 1552:1567 The genes with associated polymorphisms are involved in the substrate supply, chain elongation and branching stages of the pea carbohydrate and starch metabolic pathways. 28764648 8 95 theme carbohydrate 1601:1612 arg1 stages 1583:1588 branching stages 1573:1588 branching stages of the pea carbohydrate and starch metabolic pathways 1573:1642 The genes with associated polymorphisms are involved in the substrate supply, chain elongation and branching stages of the pea carbohydrate and starch metabolic pathways. 28764648 4 96 theme genes 831:835 arg1 sequences 805:813 partial sequences 797:813 partial sequences of 25 candidate genes 797:835 RESULTS To understand how allelic variation in the pea starch metabolic pathway affects starch structure and percent amylose, partial sequences of 25 candidate genes were characterized for polymorphisms using a panel of 92 diverse pea lines. 28764648 1 97 theme functional 342:351 arg1 properties 353:362 starch structural and functional properties 320:362 starch structural and functional properties 320:362 BACKGROUND Although starch consists of large macromolecules composed of glucose units linked by α-1,4-glycosidic linkages with α-1,6-glycosidic branchpoints, variation in starch structural and functional properties is found both within and between species. 28764648 5 98 theme amylopectin 988:998 arg1 distribution 1014:1025 (amylopectin) chain length distribution 987:1025 (amylopectin) chain length distribution 987:1025 Variation in the percent amylose composition of extracted seed starch and (amylopectin) chain length distribution, one measure of starch structure, were characterized for these lines. 28764648 1 99 with linkages 262:269 arg1 branchpoints 293:304 α-1,6-glycosidic branchpoints 276:304 α-1,6-glycosidic branchpoints 276:304 BACKGROUND Although starch consists of large macromolecules composed of glucose units linked by α-1,4-glycosidic linkages with α-1,6-glycosidic branchpoints, variation in starch structural and functional properties is found both within and between species. 28764648 8 100 theme starch 1618:1623 arg1 pathways 1635:1642 the pea carbohydrate and starch metabolic pathways 1593:1642 pathways 1635:1642 The genes with associated polymorphisms are involved in the substrate supply, chain elongation and branching stages of the pea carbohydrate and starch metabolic pathways. 28764648 9 101 dep CONCLUSIONS 1645:1655 arg1 help 1813:1816 help 1813:1816 may help to guide manipulation of pea seed starch structural and functional properties through plant breeding 1809:1917 CONCLUSIONS The association of polymorphisms in carbohydrate and starch metabolic genes with variation in amylopectin chain length distribution and percent amylose may help to guide manipulation of pea seed starch structural and functional properties through plant breeding. 28764648 5 102 theme chain 1001:1005 arg1 distribution 1014:1025 (amylopectin) chain length distribution 987:1025 (amylopectin) chain length distribution 987:1025 Variation in the percent amylose composition of extracted seed starch and (amylopectin) chain length distribution, one measure of starch structure, were characterized for these lines. 28764648 8 103 theme pathways 1635:1642 arg1 supply 1544:1549 the substrate supply 1530:1549 the substrate supply 1530:1549 The genes with associated polymorphisms are involved in the substrate supply, chain elongation and branching stages of the pea carbohydrate and starch metabolic pathways. 28764648 8 103 theme pathways 1635:1642 arg1 elongation 1558:1567 chain elongation 1552:1567 chain elongation 1552:1567 The genes with associated polymorphisms are involved in the substrate supply, chain elongation and branching stages of the pea carbohydrate and starch metabolic pathways. 28764648 8 103 theme pathways 1635:1642 arg1 stages 1583:1588 branching stages 1573:1588 branching stages of the pea carbohydrate and starch metabolic pathways 1573:1642 The genes with associated polymorphisms are involved in the substrate supply, chain elongation and branching stages of the pea carbohydrate and starch metabolic pathways. 28764648 9 104 with association 1661:1671 arg1 variation 1738:1746 variation 1738:1746 variation in amylopectin chain length distribution and percent amylose 1738:1807 CONCLUSIONS The association of polymorphisms in carbohydrate and starch metabolic genes with variation in amylopectin chain length distribution and percent amylose may help to guide manipulation of pea seed starch structural and functional properties through plant breeding. 28764648 9 105 theme pea 1843:1845 arg1 properties 1885:1894 pea seed starch structural and functional properties 1843:1894 pea seed starch structural and functional properties 1843:1894 CONCLUSIONS The association of polymorphisms in carbohydrate and starch metabolic genes with variation in amylopectin chain length distribution and percent amylose may help to guide manipulation of pea seed starch structural and functional properties through plant breeding. 28764648 4 106 from variation 705:713 arg1 pathway 743:749 the pea starch metabolic pathway 718:749 the pea starch metabolic pathway 718:749 RESULTS To understand how allelic variation in the pea starch metabolic pathway affects starch structure and percent amylose, partial sequences of 25 candidate genes were characterized for polymorphisms using a panel of 92 diverse pea lines. 26076640 0 0 theme amylopectin 78:88 arg1 structure 90:98 amylopectin structure 78:98 amylopectin structure 78:98 Improved material properties of solution-cast starch films: Effect of varying amylopectin structure and amylose content of starch from genetically modified potatoes. 26076640 2 1 from barrier 478:484 arg1 films 519:523 starch films 512:523 starch films 512:523 The increased amylose content and structural changes in amylopectin enhanced film-forming behavior and improved barrier and tensile properties in starch films. 26076640 5 2 theme interconnected 973:986 arg1 network 988:994 the interconnected network 969:994 the interconnected network 969:994 Films exhibited significantly higher stress and strain at break compared with films of wild-type starch, which could be attributable to the longer chains of amylopectin being involved in the interconnected network and more interaction between chains, as shown using transmission electron microscopy. 26076640 2 3 from properties 498:507 arg1 films 519:523 starch films 512:523 starch films 512:523 The increased amylose content and structural changes in amylopectin enhanced film-forming behavior and improved barrier and tensile properties in starch films. 26076640 1 4 theme High-amylose 166:177 arg1 starches 186:193 High-amylose potato starches 166:193 High-amylose potato starches 166:193 High-amylose potato starches were produced through genetic modification resulting in changed granule morphology and composition, with higher amylose content and increased chain length of amylopectin. 26076640 4 5 theme starch 644:649 arg1 films 622:626 Solution-cast films 608:626 Solution-cast films of high-amylose starch 608:649 Solution-cast films of high-amylose starch revealed a homogeneous structure with increasing surface roughness at higher amylose content, possibly due to amylose aggregation. 26076640 7 6 theme barrier 1318:1324 arg1 polymers 1326:1333 non-renewable oxygen and grease barrier polymers 1286:1333 polymers 1326:1333 The nature of the modified starches makes them an interesting candidate for replacement of non-renewable oxygen and grease barrier polymers used today. 26076640 7 7 theme modified 1213:1220 arg1 starches 1222:1229 the modified starches 1209:1229 the modified starches 1209:1229 The nature of the modified starches makes them an interesting candidate for replacement of non-renewable oxygen and grease barrier polymers used today. 26076640 4 8 theme homogeneous 662:672 arg1 structure 674:682 a homogeneous structure 660:682 a homogeneous structure 660:682 Solution-cast films of high-amylose starch revealed a homogeneous structure with increasing surface roughness at higher amylose content, possibly due to amylose aggregation. 26076640 7 9 theme grease 1311:1316 arg1 polymers 1326:1333 non-renewable oxygen and grease barrier polymers 1286:1333 polymers 1326:1333 The nature of the modified starches makes them an interesting candidate for replacement of non-renewable oxygen and grease barrier polymers used today. 26076640 4 10 theme amylose 761:767 arg1 aggregation 769:779 amylose aggregation 761:779 amylose aggregation 761:779 Solution-cast films of high-amylose starch revealed a homogeneous structure with increasing surface roughness at higher amylose content, possibly due to amylose aggregation. 26076640 5 11 theme transmission 1048:1059 arg1 microscopy 1070:1079 transmission electron microscopy 1048:1079 transmission electron microscopy 1048:1079 Films exhibited significantly higher stress and strain at break compared with films of wild-type starch, which could be attributable to the longer chains of amylopectin being involved in the interconnected network and more interaction between chains, as shown using transmission electron microscopy. 26076640 7 12 theme starches 1222:1229 arg1 nature 1199:1204 The nature 1195:1204 The nature of the modified starches 1195:1229 The nature of the modified starches makes them an interesting candidate for replacement of non-renewable oxygen and grease barrier polymers used today. 26076640 5 13 theme electron 1061:1068 arg1 microscopy 1070:1079 transmission electron microscopy 1048:1079 transmission electron microscopy 1048:1079 Films exhibited significantly higher stress and strain at break compared with films of wild-type starch, which could be attributable to the longer chains of amylopectin being involved in the interconnected network and more interaction between chains, as shown using transmission electron microscopy. 26076640 1 14 theme potato 179:184 arg1 starches 186:193 High-amylose potato starches 166:193 High-amylose potato starches 166:193 High-amylose potato starches were produced through genetic modification resulting in changed granule morphology and composition, with higher amylose content and increased chain length of amylopectin. 26076640 0 15 theme amylose 104:110 arg1 content 112:118 amylose content 104:118 amylose content 104:118 Improved material properties of solution-cast starch films: Effect of varying amylopectin structure and amylose content of starch from genetically modified potatoes. 26076640 2 16 from content 388:394 arg1 amylopectin 422:432 amylopectin 422:432 amylopectin 422:432 The increased amylose content and structural changes in amylopectin enhanced film-forming behavior and improved barrier and tensile properties in starch films. 26076640 2 17 theme tensile 490:496 arg1 properties 498:507 tensile properties 490:507 tensile properties 490:507 The increased amylose content and structural changes in amylopectin enhanced film-forming behavior and improved barrier and tensile properties in starch films. 26076640 5 18 theme amylopectin 939:949 arg1 chains 929:934 the longer chains 918:934 the longer chains of amylopectin 918:949 Films exhibited significantly higher stress and strain at break compared with films of wild-type starch, which could be attributable to the longer chains of amylopectin being involved in the interconnected network and more interaction between chains, as shown using transmission electron microscopy. 26076640 0 19 theme material 9:16 arg1 properties 18:27 Improved material properties 0:27 Improved material properties of solution-cast starch films: Effect of varying amylopectin structure and amylose content of starch from genetically modified potatoes. 0:164 Improved material properties of solution-cast starch films: Effect of varying amylopectin structure and amylose content of starch from genetically modified potatoes. 26076640 6 20 theme wild-type 1177:1185 arg1 starch 1187:1192 wild-type starch 1177:1192 wild-type starch 1177:1192 The oxygen permeability of high-amylose starch films was significantly decreased compared with wild-type starch. 26076640 0 21 theme Improved 0:7 arg1 properties 18:27 Improved material properties 0:27 Improved material properties of solution-cast starch films: Effect of varying amylopectin structure and amylose content of starch from genetically modified potatoes. 0:164 Improved material properties of solution-cast starch films: Effect of varying amylopectin structure and amylose content of starch from genetically modified potatoes. 26076640 1 22 theme higher 300:305 arg1 content 315:321 higher amylose content 300:321 higher amylose content 300:321 High-amylose potato starches were produced through genetic modification resulting in changed granule morphology and composition, with higher amylose content and increased chain length of amylopectin. 26076640 3 23 from structure 540:548 arg1 starches 559:566 these starches 553:566 these starches 553:566 The molecular structure in these starches was related to film-forming properties. 26076640 1 24 theme amylose 307:313 arg1 content 315:321 higher amylose content 300:321 higher amylose content 300:321 High-amylose potato starches were produced through genetic modification resulting in changed granule morphology and composition, with higher amylose content and increased chain length of amylopectin. 26076640 0 25 theme starch 123:128 arg1 structure 90:98 amylopectin structure 78:98 amylopectin structure 78:98 Improved material properties of solution-cast starch films: Effect of varying amylopectin structure and amylose content of starch from genetically modified potatoes. 26076640 0 25 theme starch 123:128 arg1 content 112:118 amylose content 104:118 amylose content 104:118 Improved material properties of solution-cast starch films: Effect of varying amylopectin structure and amylose content of starch from genetically modified potatoes. 26076640 4 26 theme high-amylose 631:642 arg1 starch 644:649 high-amylose starch 631:649 high-amylose starch 631:649 Solution-cast films of high-amylose starch revealed a homogeneous structure with increasing surface roughness at higher amylose content, possibly due to amylose aggregation. 26076640 6 27 theme high-amylose 1109:1120 arg1 films 1129:1133 high-amylose starch films 1109:1133 high-amylose starch films 1109:1133 The oxygen permeability of high-amylose starch films was significantly decreased compared with wild-type starch. 26076640 2 28 theme amylose 380:386 arg1 content 388:394 The increased amylose content 366:394 The increased amylose content 366:394 The increased amylose content and structural changes in amylopectin enhanced film-forming behavior and improved barrier and tensile properties in starch films. 26076640 1 29 theme genetic 217:223 arg1 modification 225:236 genetic modification 217:236 genetic modification resulting in changed granule morphology and composition 217:292 High-amylose potato starches were produced through genetic modification resulting in changed granule morphology and composition, with higher amylose content and increased chain length of amylopectin. 26076640 0 30 theme starch 46:51 arg1 films 53:57 solution-cast starch films 32:57 solution-cast starch films 32:57 Improved material properties of solution-cast starch films: Effect of varying amylopectin structure and amylose content of starch from genetically modified potatoes. 26076640 5 31 theme longer 922:927 arg1 chains 929:934 the longer chains 918:934 the longer chains of amylopectin 918:949 Films exhibited significantly higher stress and strain at break compared with films of wild-type starch, which could be attributable to the longer chains of amylopectin being involved in the interconnected network and more interaction between chains, as shown using transmission electron microscopy. 26076640 4 32 theme amylose 728:734 arg1 content 736:742 higher amylose content 721:742 higher amylose content 721:742 Solution-cast films of high-amylose starch revealed a homogeneous structure with increasing surface roughness at higher amylose content, possibly due to amylose aggregation. 26076640 0 33 theme solution-cast 32:44 arg1 films 53:57 solution-cast starch films 32:57 solution-cast starch films 32:57 Improved material properties of solution-cast starch films: Effect of varying amylopectin structure and amylose content of starch from genetically modified potatoes. 26076640 1 34 theme increased 327:335 arg1 length 343:348 increased chain length 327:348 increased chain length of amylopectin 327:363 High-amylose potato starches were produced through genetic modification resulting in changed granule morphology and composition, with higher amylose content and increased chain length of amylopectin. 26076640 5 35 theme higher 812:817 arg1 stress 819:824 significantly higher stress 798:824 significantly higher stress 798:824 Films exhibited significantly higher stress and strain at break compared with films of wild-type starch, which could be attributable to the longer chains of amylopectin being involved in the interconnected network and more interaction between chains, as shown using transmission electron microscopy. 26076640 6 36 theme oxygen 1086:1091 arg1 permeability 1093:1104 The oxygen permeability 1082:1104 The oxygen permeability of high-amylose starch films 1082:1133 The oxygen permeability of high-amylose starch films was significantly decreased compared with wild-type starch. 26076640 4 37 theme surface 700:706 arg1 roughness 708:716 surface roughness 700:716 surface roughness 700:716 Solution-cast films of high-amylose starch revealed a homogeneous structure with increasing surface roughness at higher amylose content, possibly due to amylose aggregation. 26076640 2 38 theme film-forming 443:454 arg1 behavior 456:463 film-forming behavior 443:463 film-forming behavior 443:463 The increased amylose content and structural changes in amylopectin enhanced film-forming behavior and improved barrier and tensile properties in starch films. 26076640 2 39 theme starch 512:517 arg1 films 519:523 starch films 512:523 starch films 512:523 The increased amylose content and structural changes in amylopectin enhanced film-forming behavior and improved barrier and tensile properties in starch films. 26076640 1 40 theme chain 337:341 arg1 length 343:348 increased chain length 327:348 increased chain length of amylopectin 327:363 High-amylose potato starches were produced through genetic modification resulting in changed granule morphology and composition, with higher amylose content and increased chain length of amylopectin. 26076640 4 41 theme Solution-cast 608:620 arg1 films 622:626 Solution-cast films 608:626 Solution-cast films of high-amylose starch 608:649 Solution-cast films of high-amylose starch revealed a homogeneous structure with increasing surface roughness at higher amylose content, possibly due to amylose aggregation. 26076640 2 42 from changes 411:417 arg1 amylopectin 422:432 amylopectin 422:432 amylopectin 422:432 The increased amylose content and structural changes in amylopectin enhanced film-forming behavior and improved barrier and tensile properties in starch films. 26076640 2 43 theme increased 370:378 arg1 content 388:394 The increased amylose content 366:394 The increased amylose content 366:394 The increased amylose content and structural changes in amylopectin enhanced film-forming behavior and improved barrier and tensile properties in starch films. 26076640 0 44 theme films 53:57 arg1 properties 18:27 Improved material properties 0:27 Improved material properties of solution-cast starch films: Effect of varying amylopectin structure and amylose content of starch from genetically modified potatoes. 0:164 Improved material properties of solution-cast starch films: Effect of varying amylopectin structure and amylose content of starch from genetically modified potatoes. 26076640 0 45 theme modified 147:154 arg1 potatoes 156:163 genetically modified potatoes 135:163 genetically modified potatoes 135:163 Improved material properties of solution-cast starch films: Effect of varying amylopectin structure and amylose content of starch from genetically modified potatoes. 26076640 7 46 theme interesting 1245:1255 arg1 candidate 1257:1265 an interesting candidate 1242:1265 an interesting candidate for replacement of non-renewable oxygen and grease barrier polymers used today 1242:1344 The nature of the modified starches makes them an interesting candidate for replacement of non-renewable oxygen and grease barrier polymers used today. 26076640 6 47 theme starch 1122:1127 arg1 films 1129:1133 high-amylose starch films 1109:1133 high-amylose starch films 1109:1133 The oxygen permeability of high-amylose starch films was significantly decreased compared with wild-type starch. 26076640 6 48 theme films 1129:1133 arg1 permeability 1093:1104 The oxygen permeability 1082:1104 The oxygen permeability of high-amylose starch films 1082:1133 The oxygen permeability of high-amylose starch films was significantly decreased compared with wild-type starch. 26076640 3 49 theme film-forming 583:594 arg1 properties 596:605 film-forming properties 583:605 film-forming properties 583:605 The molecular structure in these starches was related to film-forming properties. 26076640 0 50 dep properties 18:27 arg1 Effect 60:65 Effect 60:65 Improved material properties of solution-cast starch films: Effect of varying amylopectin structure and amylose content of starch from genetically modified potatoes. 0:164 Improved material properties of solution-cast starch films: Effect of varying amylopectin structure and amylose content of starch from genetically modified potatoes. 26076640 3 51 theme molecular 530:538 arg1 structure 540:548 The molecular structure 526:548 The molecular structure in these starches 526:566 The molecular structure in these starches was related to film-forming properties. 26076640 3 51 theme molecular 530:538 arg1 related 572:578 related 572:578 related 572:578 The molecular structure in these starches was related to film-forming properties. 26076640 1 52 theme changed 251:257 arg1 morphology 267:276 changed granule morphology 251:276 changed granule morphology 251:276 High-amylose potato starches were produced through genetic modification resulting in changed granule morphology and composition, with higher amylose content and increased chain length of amylopectin. 26076640 4 53 theme higher 721:726 arg1 content 736:742 higher amylose content 721:742 higher amylose content 721:742 Solution-cast films of high-amylose starch revealed a homogeneous structure with increasing surface roughness at higher amylose content, possibly due to amylose aggregation. 26076640 2 54 theme structural 400:409 arg1 changes 411:417 structural changes 400:417 structural changes in amylopectin 400:432 The increased amylose content and structural changes in amylopectin enhanced film-forming behavior and improved barrier and tensile properties in starch films. 26076640 1 55 theme granule 259:265 arg1 morphology 267:276 changed granule morphology 251:276 changed granule morphology 251:276 High-amylose potato starches were produced through genetic modification resulting in changed granule morphology and composition, with higher amylose content and increased chain length of amylopectin. 26076640 5 56 theme starch 879:884 arg1 films 860:864 films 860:864 films 860:864 Films exhibited significantly higher stress and strain at break compared with films of wild-type starch, which could be attributable to the longer chains of amylopectin being involved in the interconnected network and more interaction between chains, as shown using transmission electron microscopy. 26076640 1 57 theme amylopectin 353:363 arg1 content 315:321 higher amylose content 300:321 higher amylose content 300:321 High-amylose potato starches were produced through genetic modification resulting in changed granule morphology and composition, with higher amylose content and increased chain length of amylopectin. 26076640 1 57 theme amylopectin 353:363 arg1 length 343:348 increased chain length 327:348 increased chain length of amylopectin 327:363 High-amylose potato starches were produced through genetic modification resulting in changed granule morphology and composition, with higher amylose content and increased chain length of amylopectin. 26076640 5 58 theme wild-type 869:877 arg1 starch 879:884 wild-type starch 869:884 wild-type starch 869:884 Films exhibited significantly higher stress and strain at break compared with films of wild-type starch, which could be attributable to the longer chains of amylopectin being involved in the interconnected network and more interaction between chains, as shown using transmission electron microscopy. 26076640 7 59 theme non-renewable 1286:1298 arg1 oxygen 1300:1305 non-renewable oxygen and grease barrier polymers 1286:1333 oxygen 1300:1305 The nature of the modified starches makes them an interesting candidate for replacement of non-renewable oxygen and grease barrier polymers used today. 26076640 7 60 theme oxygen 1300:1305 arg1 replacement 1271:1281 replacement 1271:1281 replacement of non-renewable oxygen and grease barrier polymers used today 1271:1344 The nature of the modified starches makes them an interesting candidate for replacement of non-renewable oxygen and grease barrier polymers used today. 26076640 7 61 theme polymers 1326:1333 arg1 replacement 1271:1281 replacement 1271:1281 replacement of non-renewable oxygen and grease barrier polymers used today 1271:1344 The nature of the modified starches makes them an interesting candidate for replacement of non-renewable oxygen and grease barrier polymers used today. 24607171 2 0 theme combined 357:364 arg1 methods 375:381 combined physical methods 357:381 combined physical methods of ultrasonic treatment and high shear homogenization 357:435 The CNFs, with diameters in the range of 15-40 nm were obtained by combined physical methods of ultrasonic treatment and high shear homogenization. 24607171 4 1 theme nanocomposite 677:689 arg1 films 691:695 The nanocomposite films 673:695 The nanocomposite films 673:695 The nanocomposite films exhibited good optical transparency, thermal stability, and remarkably enhanced mechanical properties compared to the regenerated cellulose matrix. 24607171 6 2 theme high 1078:1081 arg1 performance 1083:1093 high performance 1078:1093 high performance 1078:1093 This work provided a promising pathway for manufacturing high performance and environmental-friendly all-cellulose nanocomposites. 24607171 3 3 theme nanocomposite 487:499 arg1 films 501:505 the nanocomposite films 483:505 the nanocomposite films 483:505 The morphology, structure, and properties of the nanocomposite films were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical transmittance, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and mechanical testing. 24607171 3 4 theme films 501:505 arg1 structure 454:462 structure 454:462 structure 454:462 The morphology, structure, and properties of the nanocomposite films were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical transmittance, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and mechanical testing. 24607171 3 4 theme films 501:505 arg1 properties 469:478 properties 469:478 properties 469:478 The morphology, structure, and properties of the nanocomposite films were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical transmittance, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and mechanical testing. 24607171 3 4 theme films 501:505 arg1 morphology 442:451 morphology 442:451 morphology 442:451 The morphology, structure, and properties of the nanocomposite films were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical transmittance, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and mechanical testing. 24607171 1 5 theme All-cellulose 87:99 arg1 films 115:119 All-cellulose nanocomposite films 87:119 All-cellulose nanocomposite films 87:119 All-cellulose nanocomposite films were prepared using native cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) as fillers and lithium chloride/N,N-dimethylacetamide (LiCl/DMAc) dissolved regenerated cellulose as the matrix. 24607171 5 6 dep GPa 1004:1006 arg1 to 1008:1009 to 1008:1009 to 1008:1009 By varying the CNFs content, the tensile strength of the nanocomposite films increased from 61.56 MPa to 99.92 MPa and the Young's modulus increased from 0.76 GPa to 4.16 GPa. 24607171 4 7 theme regenerated 815:825 arg1 matrix 837:842 the regenerated cellulose matrix 811:842 the regenerated cellulose matrix 811:842 The nanocomposite films exhibited good optical transparency, thermal stability, and remarkably enhanced mechanical properties compared to the regenerated cellulose matrix. 24607171 5 8 theme nanocomposite 902:914 arg1 films 916:920 the nanocomposite films 898:920 the nanocomposite films 898:920 By varying the CNFs content, the tensile strength of the nanocomposite films increased from 61.56 MPa to 99.92 MPa and the Young's modulus increased from 0.76 GPa to 4.16 GPa. 24607171 6 9 theme all-cellulose 1122:1134 arg1 nanocomposites 1136:1149 environmental-friendly all-cellulose nanocomposites 1099:1149 environmental-friendly all-cellulose nanocomposites 1099:1149 This work provided a promising pathway for manufacturing high performance and environmental-friendly all-cellulose nanocomposites. 24607171 1 10 theme nanocomposite 101:113 arg1 films 115:119 All-cellulose nanocomposite films 87:119 All-cellulose nanocomposite films 87:119 All-cellulose nanocomposite films were prepared using native cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) as fillers and lithium chloride/N,N-dimethylacetamide (LiCl/DMAc) dissolved regenerated cellulose as the matrix. 24607171 1 11 theme lithium 192:198 arg1 chloride/N 200:209 lithium chloride/N 192:209 lithium chloride/N 192:209 All-cellulose nanocomposite films were prepared using native cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) as fillers and lithium chloride/N,N-dimethylacetamide (LiCl/DMAc) dissolved regenerated cellulose as the matrix. 24607171 1 11 theme lithium 192:198 arg1 N-dimethylacetamide 211:229 N-dimethylacetamide 211:229 N-dimethylacetamide (LiCl/DMAc) 211:241 All-cellulose nanocomposite films were prepared using native cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) as fillers and lithium chloride/N,N-dimethylacetamide (LiCl/DMAc) dissolved regenerated cellulose as the matrix. 24607171 4 12 theme thermal 734:740 arg1 stability 742:750 thermal stability 734:750 thermal stability 734:750 The nanocomposite films exhibited good optical transparency, thermal stability, and remarkably enhanced mechanical properties compared to the regenerated cellulose matrix. 24607171 2 13 theme ultrasonic 386:395 arg1 treatment 397:405 ultrasonic treatment 386:405 ultrasonic treatment 386:405 The CNFs, with diameters in the range of 15-40 nm were obtained by combined physical methods of ultrasonic treatment and high shear homogenization. 24607171 4 14 theme optical 712:718 arg1 transparency 720:731 good optical transparency 707:731 good optical transparency 707:731 The nanocomposite films exhibited good optical transparency, thermal stability, and remarkably enhanced mechanical properties compared to the regenerated cellulose matrix. 24607171 1 15 dep fillers 180:186 arg1 cellulose 265:273 dissolved regenerated cellulose 243:273 dissolved regenerated cellulose 243:273 All-cellulose nanocomposite films were prepared using native cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) as fillers and lithium chloride/N,N-dimethylacetamide (LiCl/DMAc) dissolved regenerated cellulose as the matrix. 24607171 5 16 theme tensile 878:884 arg1 strength 886:893 the tensile strength 874:893 the tensile strength of the nanocomposite films 874:920 By varying the CNFs content, the tensile strength of the nanocomposite films increased from 61.56 MPa to 99.92 MPa and the Young's modulus increased from 0.76 GPa to 4.16 GPa. 24607171 0 17 theme all-cellulose 17:29 arg1 Reinforcement 0:12 Reinforcement 0:12 Reinforcement of all-cellulose 0:29 Reinforcement of all-cellulose nanocomposite films using native cellulose nanofibrils. 24607171 4 18 theme mechanical 777:786 arg1 properties 788:797 remarkably enhanced mechanical properties 757:797 remarkably enhanced mechanical properties 757:797 The nanocomposite films exhibited good optical transparency, thermal stability, and remarkably enhanced mechanical properties compared to the regenerated cellulose matrix. 24607171 3 19 theme X-ray 565:569 arg1 XRD 584:586 XRD 584:586 XRD 584:586 The morphology, structure, and properties of the nanocomposite films were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical transmittance, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and mechanical testing. 24607171 3 19 theme X-ray 565:569 arg1 diffraction 571:581 X-ray diffraction 565:581 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 565:587 The morphology, structure, and properties of the nanocomposite films were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical transmittance, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and mechanical testing. 24607171 2 20 theme homogenization 422:435 arg1 methods 375:381 combined physical methods 357:381 combined physical methods of ultrasonic treatment and high shear homogenization 357:435 The CNFs, with diameters in the range of 15-40 nm were obtained by combined physical methods of ultrasonic treatment and high shear homogenization. 24607171 4 21 theme cellulose 827:835 arg1 matrix 837:842 the regenerated cellulose matrix 811:842 the regenerated cellulose matrix 811:842 The nanocomposite films exhibited good optical transparency, thermal stability, and remarkably enhanced mechanical properties compared to the regenerated cellulose matrix. 24607171 2 22 theme shear 416:420 arg1 homogenization 422:435 high shear homogenization 411:435 high shear homogenization 411:435 The CNFs, with diameters in the range of 15-40 nm were obtained by combined physical methods of ultrasonic treatment and high shear homogenization. 24607171 6 23 theme promising 1042:1050 arg1 pathway 1052:1058 a promising pathway 1040:1058 a promising pathway for manufacturing high performance and environmental-friendly all-cellulose nanocomposites 1040:1149 This work provided a promising pathway for manufacturing high performance and environmental-friendly all-cellulose nanocomposites. 24607171 3 24 theme optical 590:596 arg1 transmittance 598:610 optical transmittance 590:610 optical transmittance 590:610 The morphology, structure, and properties of the nanocomposite films were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical transmittance, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and mechanical testing. 24607171 5 25 theme CNFs 860:863 arg1 content 865:871 the CNFs content 856:871 the CNFs content 856:871 By varying the CNFs content, the tensile strength of the nanocomposite films increased from 61.56 MPa to 99.92 MPa and the Young's modulus increased from 0.76 GPa to 4.16 GPa. 24607171 1 26 theme regenerated 253:263 arg1 cellulose 265:273 dissolved regenerated cellulose 243:273 dissolved regenerated cellulose 243:273 All-cellulose nanocomposite films were prepared using native cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) as fillers and lithium chloride/N,N-dimethylacetamide (LiCl/DMAc) dissolved regenerated cellulose as the matrix. 24607171 0 27 theme cellulose 64:72 arg1 nanofibrils 74:84 native cellulose nanofibrils 57:84 native cellulose nanofibrils 57:84 Reinforcement of all-cellulose nanocomposite films using native cellulose nanofibrils. 24607171 5 28 theme 4.16 1011:1014 arg1 GPa 1004:1006 GPa 1004:1006 GPa 1004:1006 By varying the CNFs content, the tensile strength of the nanocomposite films increased from 61.56 MPa to 99.92 MPa and the Young's modulus increased from 0.76 GPa to 4.16 GPa. 24607171 1 29 theme native 141:146 arg1 nanofibrils 158:168 native cellulose nanofibrils 141:168 native cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) 141:175 All-cellulose nanocomposite films were prepared using native cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) as fillers and lithium chloride/N,N-dimethylacetamide (LiCl/DMAc) dissolved regenerated cellulose as the matrix. 24607171 1 29 theme native 141:146 arg1 matrix 282:287 the matrix 278:287 the matrix 278:287 All-cellulose nanocomposite films were prepared using native cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) as fillers and lithium chloride/N,N-dimethylacetamide (LiCl/DMAc) dissolved regenerated cellulose as the matrix. 24607171 1 29 theme native 141:146 arg1 CNFs 171:174 CNFs 171:174 CNFs 171:174 All-cellulose nanocomposite films were prepared using native cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) as fillers and lithium chloride/N,N-dimethylacetamide (LiCl/DMAc) dissolved regenerated cellulose as the matrix. 24607171 0 30 theme native 57:62 arg1 nanofibrils 74:84 native cellulose nanofibrils 57:84 native cellulose nanofibrils 57:84 Reinforcement of all-cellulose nanocomposite films using native cellulose nanofibrils. 24607171 3 31 theme mechanical 653:662 arg1 testing 664:670 mechanical testing 653:670 mechanical testing 653:670 The morphology, structure, and properties of the nanocomposite films were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical transmittance, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and mechanical testing. 24607171 1 32 theme cellulose 148:156 arg1 nanofibrils 158:168 native cellulose nanofibrils 141:168 native cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) 141:175 All-cellulose nanocomposite films were prepared using native cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) as fillers and lithium chloride/N,N-dimethylacetamide (LiCl/DMAc) dissolved regenerated cellulose as the matrix. 24607171 1 32 theme cellulose 148:156 arg1 matrix 282:287 the matrix 278:287 the matrix 278:287 All-cellulose nanocomposite films were prepared using native cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) as fillers and lithium chloride/N,N-dimethylacetamide (LiCl/DMAc) dissolved regenerated cellulose as the matrix. 24607171 1 32 theme cellulose 148:156 arg1 CNFs 171:174 CNFs 171:174 CNFs 171:174 All-cellulose nanocomposite films were prepared using native cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) as fillers and lithium chloride/N,N-dimethylacetamide (LiCl/DMAc) dissolved regenerated cellulose as the matrix. 24607171 4 33 theme good 707:710 arg1 transparency 720:731 good optical transparency 707:731 good optical transparency 707:731 The nanocomposite films exhibited good optical transparency, thermal stability, and remarkably enhanced mechanical properties compared to the regenerated cellulose matrix. 24607171 3 34 theme thermal 613:619 arg1 TGA 643:645 TGA 643:645 TGA 643:645 The morphology, structure, and properties of the nanocomposite films were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical transmittance, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and mechanical testing. 24607171 3 34 theme thermal 613:619 arg1 analysis 633:640 thermal gravimetric analysis 613:640 thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) 613:646 The morphology, structure, and properties of the nanocomposite films were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical transmittance, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and mechanical testing. 24607171 3 35 dep morphology 442:451 arg1 The 438:440 The 438:440 The 438:440 The morphology, structure, and properties of the nanocomposite films were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical transmittance, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and mechanical testing. 24607171 2 36 theme nm 337:338 arg1 range 322:326 the range 318:326 the range of 15-40 nm 318:338 The CNFs, with diameters in the range of 15-40 nm were obtained by combined physical methods of ultrasonic treatment and high shear homogenization. 24607171 6 37 theme environmental-friendly 1099:1120 arg1 nanocomposites 1136:1149 environmental-friendly all-cellulose nanocomposites 1099:1149 environmental-friendly all-cellulose nanocomposites 1099:1149 This work provided a promising pathway for manufacturing high performance and environmental-friendly all-cellulose nanocomposites. 24607171 1 38 theme dissolved 243:251 arg1 cellulose 265:273 dissolved regenerated cellulose 243:273 dissolved regenerated cellulose 243:273 All-cellulose nanocomposite films were prepared using native cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) as fillers and lithium chloride/N,N-dimethylacetamide (LiCl/DMAc) dissolved regenerated cellulose as the matrix. 24607171 4 39 theme enhanced 768:775 arg1 properties 788:797 remarkably enhanced mechanical properties 757:797 remarkably enhanced mechanical properties 757:797 The nanocomposite films exhibited good optical transparency, thermal stability, and remarkably enhanced mechanical properties compared to the regenerated cellulose matrix. 24607171 5 40 theme films 916:920 arg1 strength 886:893 the tensile strength 874:893 the tensile strength of the nanocomposite films 874:920 By varying the CNFs content, the tensile strength of the nanocomposite films increased from 61.56 MPa to 99.92 MPa and the Young's modulus increased from 0.76 GPa to 4.16 GPa. 24607171 3 41 theme gravimetric 621:631 arg1 TGA 643:645 TGA 643:645 TGA 643:645 The morphology, structure, and properties of the nanocomposite films were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical transmittance, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and mechanical testing. 24607171 3 41 theme gravimetric 621:631 arg1 analysis 633:640 thermal gravimetric analysis 613:640 thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) 613:646 The morphology, structure, and properties of the nanocomposite films were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical transmittance, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and mechanical testing. 24607171 2 42 theme physical 366:373 arg1 methods 375:381 combined physical methods 357:381 combined physical methods of ultrasonic treatment and high shear homogenization 357:435 The CNFs, with diameters in the range of 15-40 nm were obtained by combined physical methods of ultrasonic treatment and high shear homogenization. 24607171 2 43 from diameters 305:313 arg1 range 322:326 the range 318:326 the range of 15-40 nm 318:338 The CNFs, with diameters in the range of 15-40 nm were obtained by combined physical methods of ultrasonic treatment and high shear homogenization. 24607171 2 44 with CNFs 294:297 arg1 diameters 305:313 diameters 305:313 diameters in the range of 15-40 nm 305:338 The CNFs, with diameters in the range of 15-40 nm were obtained by combined physical methods of ultrasonic treatment and high shear homogenization. 24607171 2 45 theme high 411:414 arg1 homogenization 422:435 high shear homogenization 411:435 high shear homogenization 411:435 The CNFs, with diameters in the range of 15-40 nm were obtained by combined physical methods of ultrasonic treatment and high shear homogenization. 24607171 3 46 theme scanning 529:536 arg1 SEM 559:561 SEM 559:561 SEM 559:561 The morphology, structure, and properties of the nanocomposite films were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical transmittance, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and mechanical testing. 24607171 3 46 theme scanning 529:536 arg1 microscope 547:556 scanning electron microscope 529:556 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 529:562 The morphology, structure, and properties of the nanocomposite films were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical transmittance, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and mechanical testing. 24607171 2 47 theme treatment 397:405 arg1 methods 375:381 combined physical methods 357:381 combined physical methods of ultrasonic treatment and high shear homogenization 357:435 The CNFs, with diameters in the range of 15-40 nm were obtained by combined physical methods of ultrasonic treatment and high shear homogenization. 24607171 5 48 theme 0.76 999:1002 arg1 GPa 1004:1006 GPa 1004:1006 GPa 1004:1006 By varying the CNFs content, the tensile strength of the nanocomposite films increased from 61.56 MPa to 99.92 MPa and the Young's modulus increased from 0.76 GPa to 4.16 GPa. 24607171 3 49 theme electron 538:545 arg1 SEM 559:561 SEM 559:561 SEM 559:561 The morphology, structure, and properties of the nanocomposite films were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical transmittance, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and mechanical testing. 24607171 3 49 theme electron 538:545 arg1 microscope 547:556 scanning electron microscope 529:556 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 529:562 The morphology, structure, and properties of the nanocomposite films were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical transmittance, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and mechanical testing. 29020628 5 0 theme growth 887:892 arg1 studies 894:900 growth studies 887:900 growth studies 887:900 Comparative genomics coupled with growth studies demonstrated further that syntenic MLGULs serve as genetic markers for MLG catabolism across commensal gut bacteria. 29020628 4 1 theme microbiology 839:850 arg1 combination 774:784 a combination 772:784 a combination of biochemistry, enzymology, structural biology, and microbiology 772:850 Here, we provide molecular insight into the function of an archetypal MLG utilization locus (MLGUL) through a combination of biochemistry, enzymology, structural biology, and microbiology. 29020628 4 2 theme molecular 681:689 arg1 insight 691:697 molecular insight 681:697 molecular insight into the function of an archetypal MLG utilization locus (MLGUL) 681:762 Here, we provide molecular insight into the function of an archetypal MLG utilization locus (MLGUL) through a combination of biochemistry, enzymology, structural biology, and microbiology. 29020628 0 3 theme Health-Promoting 105:120 arg1 Polysaccharides 129:143 Major Health-Promoting Cereal Polysaccharides 99:143 Major Health-Promoting Cereal Polysaccharides 99:143 Molecular Mechanism by which Prominent Human Gut Bacteroidetes Utilize Mixed-Linkage Beta-Glucans, Major Health-Promoting Cereal Polysaccharides. 29020628 5 4 theme gut 1005:1007 arg1 bacteria 1009:1016 commensal gut bacteria 995:1016 commensal gut bacteria 995:1016 Comparative genomics coupled with growth studies demonstrated further that syntenic MLGULs serve as genetic markers for MLG catabolism across commensal gut bacteria. 29020628 0 5 dep Polysaccharides 129:143 arg1 Mechanism 10:18 Molecular Mechanism 0:18 Molecular Mechanism by which Prominent Human Gut Bacteroidetes Utilize Mixed-Linkage Beta-Glucans 0:96 Molecular Mechanism by which Prominent Human Gut Bacteroidetes Utilize Mixed-Linkage Beta-Glucans, Major Health-Promoting Cereal Polysaccharides. 29020628 3 6 theme plant 543:547 arg1 polysaccharides 559:573 plant cell wall polysaccharides 543:573 plant cell wall polysaccharides with recognized health benefits 543:605 Mixed-linkage β(1,3)/β(1,4)-glucans (MLGs) are a key family of plant cell wall polysaccharides with recognized health benefits but whose mechanism of utilization has remained unclear. 29020628 0 7 theme Major 99:103 arg1 Polysaccharides 129:143 Major Health-Promoting Cereal Polysaccharides 99:143 Major Health-Promoting Cereal Polysaccharides 99:143 Molecular Mechanism by which Prominent Human Gut Bacteroidetes Utilize Mixed-Linkage Beta-Glucans, Major Health-Promoting Cereal Polysaccharides. 29020628 5 8 theme MLG 973:975 arg1 catabolism 977:986 MLG catabolism 973:986 MLG catabolism across commensal gut bacteria 973:1016 Comparative genomics coupled with growth studies demonstrated further that syntenic MLGULs serve as genetic markers for MLG catabolism across commensal gut bacteria. 29020628 4 9 theme locus 750:754 arg1 function 708:715 the function 704:715 the function of an archetypal MLG utilization locus (MLGUL) 704:762 Here, we provide molecular insight into the function of an archetypal MLG utilization locus (MLGUL) through a combination of biochemistry, enzymology, structural biology, and microbiology. 29020628 4 10 theme biology 826:832 arg1 combination 774:784 a combination 772:784 a combination of biochemistry, enzymology, structural biology, and microbiology 772:850 Here, we provide molecular insight into the function of an archetypal MLG utilization locus (MLGUL) through a combination of biochemistry, enzymology, structural biology, and microbiology. 29020628 4 11 theme archetypal 723:732 arg1 MLGUL 757:761 MLGUL 757:761 MLGUL 757:761 Here, we provide molecular insight into the function of an archetypal MLG utilization locus (MLGUL) through a combination of biochemistry, enzymology, structural biology, and microbiology. 29020628 4 11 theme archetypal 723:732 arg1 locus 750:754 an archetypal MLG utilization locus 720:754 an archetypal MLG utilization locus (MLGUL) 720:762 Here, we provide molecular insight into the function of an archetypal MLG utilization locus (MLGUL) through a combination of biochemistry, enzymology, structural biology, and microbiology. 29020628 3 12 theme Mixed-linkage 480:492 arg1 family 533:538 a key family 527:538 a key family of plant cell wall polysaccharides with recognized health benefits but whose mechanism of utilization has remained unclear 527:661 Mixed-linkage β(1,3)/β(1,4)-glucans (MLGs) are a key family of plant cell wall polysaccharides with recognized health benefits but whose mechanism of utilization has remained unclear. 29020628 3 12 theme Mixed-linkage 480:492 arg1 MLGs 517:520 MLGs 517:520 MLGs 517:520 Mixed-linkage β(1,3)/β(1,4)-glucans (MLGs) are a key family of plant cell wall polysaccharides with recognized health benefits but whose mechanism of utilization has remained unclear. 29020628 3 12 theme Mixed-linkage 480:492 arg1 -glucans 507:514 Mixed-linkage β(1,3)/β(1,4)-glucans 480:514 Mixed-linkage β(1,3)/β(1,4)-glucans (MLGs) 480:521 Mixed-linkage β(1,3)/β(1,4)-glucans (MLGs) are a key family of plant cell wall polysaccharides with recognized health benefits but whose mechanism of utilization has remained unclear. 29020628 1 13 theme major 200:204 arg1 force 214:218 a major driving force 198:218 a major driving force in shaping the composition of the human gut microbiota 198:273 Microbial utilization of complex polysaccharides is a major driving force in shaping the composition of the human gut microbiota. 29020628 1 13 theme major 200:204 arg1 utilization 156:166 Microbial utilization 146:166 Microbial utilization of complex polysaccharides 146:193 Microbial utilization of complex polysaccharides is a major driving force in shaping the composition of the human gut microbiota. 29020628 0 14 theme Cereal 122:127 arg1 Polysaccharides 129:143 Major Health-Promoting Cereal Polysaccharides 99:143 Major Health-Promoting Cereal Polysaccharides 99:143 Molecular Mechanism by which Prominent Human Gut Bacteroidetes Utilize Mixed-Linkage Beta-Glucans, Major Health-Promoting Cereal Polysaccharides. 29020628 4 15 theme structural 815:824 arg1 biology 826:832 structural biology 815:832 structural biology 815:832 Here, we provide molecular insight into the function of an archetypal MLG utilization locus (MLGUL) through a combination of biochemistry, enzymology, structural biology, and microbiology. 29020628 2 16 theme growing 287:293 arg1 appreciation 295:306 a growing appreciation 285:306 a growing appreciation that finely tuned polysaccharide utilization loci enable ubiquitous gut Bacteroidetes to thrive on the plethora of complex polysaccharides that constitute "dietary fiber 285:476 There is a growing appreciation that finely tuned polysaccharide utilization loci enable ubiquitous gut Bacteroidetes to thrive on the plethora of complex polysaccharides that constitute "dietary fiber." 29020628 1 17 theme driving 206:212 arg1 force 214:218 a major driving force 198:218 a major driving force in shaping the composition of the human gut microbiota 198:273 Microbial utilization of complex polysaccharides is a major driving force in shaping the composition of the human gut microbiota. 29020628 1 17 theme driving 206:212 arg1 utilization 156:166 Microbial utilization 146:166 Microbial utilization of complex polysaccharides 146:193 Microbial utilization of complex polysaccharides is a major driving force in shaping the composition of the human gut microbiota. 29020628 6 18 from populations 1108:1118 arg1 ubiquitous 1088:1097 ubiquitous 1088:1097 ubiquitous 1088:1097 In turn, we surveyed human gut metagenomes to reveal that MLGULs are ubiquitous in human populations globally, which underscores the importance of gut microbial metabolism of MLG as a common cereal polysaccharide. 29020628 3 19 theme cell 549:552 arg1 polysaccharides 559:573 plant cell wall polysaccharides 543:573 plant cell wall polysaccharides with recognized health benefits 543:605 Mixed-linkage β(1,3)/β(1,4)-glucans (MLGs) are a key family of plant cell wall polysaccharides with recognized health benefits but whose mechanism of utilization has remained unclear. 29020628 5 20 theme Comparative 853:863 arg1 genomics 865:872 Comparative genomics 853:872 Comparative genomics coupled with growth studies 853:900 Comparative genomics coupled with growth studies demonstrated further that syntenic MLGULs serve as genetic markers for MLG catabolism across commensal gut bacteria. 29020628 0 21 theme Molecular 0:8 arg1 Mechanism 10:18 Molecular Mechanism 0:18 Molecular Mechanism by which Prominent Human Gut Bacteroidetes Utilize Mixed-Linkage Beta-Glucans 0:96 Molecular Mechanism by which Prominent Human Gut Bacteroidetes Utilize Mixed-Linkage Beta-Glucans, Major Health-Promoting Cereal Polysaccharides. 29020628 2 22 theme utilization 341:351 arg1 loci 353:356 finely tuned polysaccharide utilization loci 313:356 finely tuned polysaccharide utilization loci 313:356 There is a growing appreciation that finely tuned polysaccharide utilization loci enable ubiquitous gut Bacteroidetes to thrive on the plethora of complex polysaccharides that constitute "dietary fiber." 29020628 2 23 dep is 282:283 arg1 " 478:478 " 478:478 " 478:478 There is a growing appreciation that finely tuned polysaccharide utilization loci enable ubiquitous gut Bacteroidetes to thrive on the plethora of complex polysaccharides that constitute "dietary fiber." 29020628 6 24 theme cereal 1210:1215 arg1 polysaccharide 1217:1230 a common cereal polysaccharide 1201:1230 a common cereal polysaccharide 1201:1230 In turn, we surveyed human gut metagenomes to reveal that MLGULs are ubiquitous in human populations globally, which underscores the importance of gut microbial metabolism of MLG as a common cereal polysaccharide. 29020628 2 25 theme polysaccharide 326:339 arg1 loci 353:356 finely tuned polysaccharide utilization loci 313:356 finely tuned polysaccharide utilization loci 313:356 There is a growing appreciation that finely tuned polysaccharide utilization loci enable ubiquitous gut Bacteroidetes to thrive on the plethora of complex polysaccharides that constitute "dietary fiber." 29020628 2 26 theme dietary 464:470 arg1 fiber 472:476 "dietary fiber 463:476 "dietary fiber 463:476 There is a growing appreciation that finely tuned polysaccharide utilization loci enable ubiquitous gut Bacteroidetes to thrive on the plethora of complex polysaccharides that constitute "dietary fiber." 29020628 3 27 theme wall 554:557 arg1 polysaccharides 559:573 plant cell wall polysaccharides 543:573 plant cell wall polysaccharides with recognized health benefits 543:605 Mixed-linkage β(1,3)/β(1,4)-glucans (MLGs) are a key family of plant cell wall polysaccharides with recognized health benefits but whose mechanism of utilization has remained unclear. 29020628 6 28 theme microbial 1170:1178 arg1 metabolism 1180:1189 gut microbial metabolism 1166:1189 gut microbial metabolism of MLG 1166:1196 In turn, we surveyed human gut metagenomes to reveal that MLGULs are ubiquitous in human populations globally, which underscores the importance of gut microbial metabolism of MLG as a common cereal polysaccharide. 29020628 5 29 theme as genetic 950:959 arg1 markers 961:967 as genetic markers 950:967 as genetic markers for MLG catabolism across commensal gut bacteria 950:1016 Comparative genomics coupled with growth studies demonstrated further that syntenic MLGULs serve as genetic markers for MLG catabolism across commensal gut bacteria. 29020628 2 30 theme tuned 320:324 arg1 loci 353:356 finely tuned polysaccharide utilization loci 313:356 finely tuned polysaccharide utilization loci 313:356 There is a growing appreciation that finely tuned polysaccharide utilization loci enable ubiquitous gut Bacteroidetes to thrive on the plethora of complex polysaccharides that constitute "dietary fiber." 29020628 6 31 theme gut 1046:1048 arg1 metagenomes 1050:1060 human gut metagenomes 1040:1060 human gut metagenomes 1040:1060 In turn, we surveyed human gut metagenomes to reveal that MLGULs are ubiquitous in human populations globally, which underscores the importance of gut microbial metabolism of MLG as a common cereal polysaccharide. 29020628 0 32 theme Human 39:43 arg1 Bacteroidetes 49:61 Prominent Human Gut Bacteroidetes 29:61 Prominent Human Gut Bacteroidetes 29:61 Molecular Mechanism by which Prominent Human Gut Bacteroidetes Utilize Mixed-Linkage Beta-Glucans, Major Health-Promoting Cereal Polysaccharides. 29020628 2 33 theme gut 376:378 arg1 Bacteroidetes 380:392 ubiquitous gut Bacteroidetes 365:392 ubiquitous gut Bacteroidetes 365:392 There is a growing appreciation that finely tuned polysaccharide utilization loci enable ubiquitous gut Bacteroidetes to thrive on the plethora of complex polysaccharides that constitute "dietary fiber." 29020628 6 34 theme human 1040:1044 arg1 metagenomes 1050:1060 human gut metagenomes 1040:1060 human gut metagenomes 1040:1060 In turn, we surveyed human gut metagenomes to reveal that MLGULs are ubiquitous in human populations globally, which underscores the importance of gut microbial metabolism of MLG as a common cereal polysaccharide. 29020628 3 35 theme recognized 580:589 arg1 benefits 598:605 recognized health benefits 580:605 recognized health benefits 580:605 Mixed-linkage β(1,3)/β(1,4)-glucans (MLGs) are a key family of plant cell wall polysaccharides with recognized health benefits but whose mechanism of utilization has remained unclear. 29020628 3 36 theme β 494:494 arg1 family 533:538 a key family 527:538 a key family of plant cell wall polysaccharides with recognized health benefits but whose mechanism of utilization has remained unclear 527:661 Mixed-linkage β(1,3)/β(1,4)-glucans (MLGs) are a key family of plant cell wall polysaccharides with recognized health benefits but whose mechanism of utilization has remained unclear. 29020628 3 36 theme β 494:494 arg1 MLGs 517:520 MLGs 517:520 MLGs 517:520 Mixed-linkage β(1,3)/β(1,4)-glucans (MLGs) are a key family of plant cell wall polysaccharides with recognized health benefits but whose mechanism of utilization has remained unclear. 29020628 3 36 theme β 494:494 arg1 -glucans 507:514 Mixed-linkage β(1,3)/β(1,4)-glucans 480:514 Mixed-linkage β(1,3)/β(1,4)-glucans (MLGs) 480:521 Mixed-linkage β(1,3)/β(1,4)-glucans (MLGs) are a key family of plant cell wall polysaccharides with recognized health benefits but whose mechanism of utilization has remained unclear. 29020628 2 37 theme polysaccharides 431:445 arg1 plethora 411:418 the plethora 407:418 the plethora of complex polysaccharides that constitute "dietary fiber 407:476 There is a growing appreciation that finely tuned polysaccharide utilization loci enable ubiquitous gut Bacteroidetes to thrive on the plethora of complex polysaccharides that constitute "dietary fiber." 29020628 0 38 theme Prominent 29:37 arg1 Bacteroidetes 49:61 Prominent Human Gut Bacteroidetes 29:61 Prominent Human Gut Bacteroidetes 29:61 Molecular Mechanism by which Prominent Human Gut Bacteroidetes Utilize Mixed-Linkage Beta-Glucans, Major Health-Promoting Cereal Polysaccharides. 29020628 3 39 theme health 591:596 arg1 benefits 598:605 recognized health benefits 580:605 recognized health benefits 580:605 Mixed-linkage β(1,3)/β(1,4)-glucans (MLGs) are a key family of plant cell wall polysaccharides with recognized health benefits but whose mechanism of utilization has remained unclear. 29020628 3 40 with polysaccharides 559:573 arg1 benefits 598:605 recognized health benefits 580:605 recognized health benefits 580:605 Mixed-linkage β(1,3)/β(1,4)-glucans (MLGs) are a key family of plant cell wall polysaccharides with recognized health benefits but whose mechanism of utilization has remained unclear. 29020628 3 41 theme utilization 630:640 arg1 mechanism 617:625 mechanism 617:625 mechanism 617:625 Mixed-linkage β(1,3)/β(1,4)-glucans (MLGs) are a key family of plant cell wall polysaccharides with recognized health benefits but whose mechanism of utilization has remained unclear. 29020628 3 42 theme polysaccharides 559:573 arg1 family 533:538 a key family 527:538 a key family of plant cell wall polysaccharides with recognized health benefits but whose mechanism of utilization has remained unclear 527:661 Mixed-linkage β(1,3)/β(1,4)-glucans (MLGs) are a key family of plant cell wall polysaccharides with recognized health benefits but whose mechanism of utilization has remained unclear. 29020628 3 42 theme polysaccharides 559:573 arg1 -glucans 507:514 Mixed-linkage β(1,3)/β(1,4)-glucans 480:514 Mixed-linkage β(1,3)/β(1,4)-glucans (MLGs) 480:521 Mixed-linkage β(1,3)/β(1,4)-glucans (MLGs) are a key family of plant cell wall polysaccharides with recognized health benefits but whose mechanism of utilization has remained unclear. 29020628 6 43 theme human 1102:1106 arg1 populations 1108:1118 human populations 1102:1118 human populations 1102:1118 In turn, we surveyed human gut metagenomes to reveal that MLGULs are ubiquitous in human populations globally, which underscores the importance of gut microbial metabolism of MLG as a common cereal polysaccharide. 29020628 3 44 theme 1,4 503:505 arg1 family 533:538 a key family 527:538 a key family of plant cell wall polysaccharides with recognized health benefits but whose mechanism of utilization has remained unclear 527:661 Mixed-linkage β(1,3)/β(1,4)-glucans (MLGs) are a key family of plant cell wall polysaccharides with recognized health benefits but whose mechanism of utilization has remained unclear. 29020628 3 44 theme 1,4 503:505 arg1 MLGs 517:520 MLGs 517:520 MLGs 517:520 Mixed-linkage β(1,3)/β(1,4)-glucans (MLGs) are a key family of plant cell wall polysaccharides with recognized health benefits but whose mechanism of utilization has remained unclear. 29020628 3 44 theme 1,4 503:505 arg1 -glucans 507:514 Mixed-linkage β(1,3)/β(1,4)-glucans 480:514 Mixed-linkage β(1,3)/β(1,4)-glucans (MLGs) 480:521 Mixed-linkage β(1,3)/β(1,4)-glucans (MLGs) are a key family of plant cell wall polysaccharides with recognized health benefits but whose mechanism of utilization has remained unclear. 29020628 0 45 theme Gut 45:47 arg1 Bacteroidetes 49:61 Prominent Human Gut Bacteroidetes 29:61 Prominent Human Gut Bacteroidetes 29:61 Molecular Mechanism by which Prominent Human Gut Bacteroidetes Utilize Mixed-Linkage Beta-Glucans, Major Health-Promoting Cereal Polysaccharides. 29020628 6 46 theme metabolism 1180:1189 arg1 importance 1152:1161 the importance 1148:1161 the importance of gut microbial metabolism of MLG as a common cereal polysaccharide 1148:1230 In turn, we surveyed human gut metagenomes to reveal that MLGULs are ubiquitous in human populations globally, which underscores the importance of gut microbial metabolism of MLG as a common cereal polysaccharide. 29020628 3 47 theme /β 500:501 arg1 family 533:538 a key family 527:538 a key family of plant cell wall polysaccharides with recognized health benefits but whose mechanism of utilization has remained unclear 527:661 Mixed-linkage β(1,3)/β(1,4)-glucans (MLGs) are a key family of plant cell wall polysaccharides with recognized health benefits but whose mechanism of utilization has remained unclear. 29020628 3 47 theme /β 500:501 arg1 MLGs 517:520 MLGs 517:520 MLGs 517:520 Mixed-linkage β(1,3)/β(1,4)-glucans (MLGs) are a key family of plant cell wall polysaccharides with recognized health benefits but whose mechanism of utilization has remained unclear. 29020628 3 47 theme /β 500:501 arg1 -glucans 507:514 Mixed-linkage β(1,3)/β(1,4)-glucans 480:514 Mixed-linkage β(1,3)/β(1,4)-glucans (MLGs) 480:521 Mixed-linkage β(1,3)/β(1,4)-glucans (MLGs) are a key family of plant cell wall polysaccharides with recognized health benefits but whose mechanism of utilization has remained unclear. 29020628 4 48 theme enzymology 803:812 arg1 combination 774:784 a combination 772:784 a combination of biochemistry, enzymology, structural biology, and microbiology 772:850 Here, we provide molecular insight into the function of an archetypal MLG utilization locus (MLGUL) through a combination of biochemistry, enzymology, structural biology, and microbiology. 29020628 1 49 theme Microbial 146:154 arg1 utilization 156:166 Microbial utilization 146:166 Microbial utilization of complex polysaccharides 146:193 Microbial utilization of complex polysaccharides is a major driving force in shaping the composition of the human gut microbiota. 29020628 1 49 theme Microbial 146:154 arg1 force 214:218 a major driving force 198:218 a major driving force in shaping the composition of the human gut microbiota 198:273 Microbial utilization of complex polysaccharides is a major driving force in shaping the composition of the human gut microbiota. 29020628 6 50 theme common 1203:1208 arg1 polysaccharide 1217:1230 a common cereal polysaccharide 1201:1230 a common cereal polysaccharide 1201:1230 In turn, we surveyed human gut metagenomes to reveal that MLGULs are ubiquitous in human populations globally, which underscores the importance of gut microbial metabolism of MLG as a common cereal polysaccharide. 29020628 5 51 theme commensal 995:1003 arg1 bacteria 1009:1016 commensal gut bacteria 995:1016 commensal gut bacteria 995:1016 Comparative genomics coupled with growth studies demonstrated further that syntenic MLGULs serve as genetic markers for MLG catabolism across commensal gut bacteria. 29020628 4 52 theme biochemistry 789:800 arg1 combination 774:784 a combination 772:784 a combination of biochemistry, enzymology, structural biology, and microbiology 772:850 Here, we provide molecular insight into the function of an archetypal MLG utilization locus (MLGUL) through a combination of biochemistry, enzymology, structural biology, and microbiology. 29020628 2 53 theme ubiquitous 365:374 arg1 Bacteroidetes 380:392 ubiquitous gut Bacteroidetes 365:392 ubiquitous gut Bacteroidetes 365:392 There is a growing appreciation that finely tuned polysaccharide utilization loci enable ubiquitous gut Bacteroidetes to thrive on the plethora of complex polysaccharides that constitute "dietary fiber." 29020628 4 54 theme utilization 738:748 arg1 MLGUL 757:761 MLGUL 757:761 MLGUL 757:761 Here, we provide molecular insight into the function of an archetypal MLG utilization locus (MLGUL) through a combination of biochemistry, enzymology, structural biology, and microbiology. 29020628 4 54 theme utilization 738:748 arg1 locus 750:754 an archetypal MLG utilization locus 720:754 an archetypal MLG utilization locus (MLGUL) 720:762 Here, we provide molecular insight into the function of an archetypal MLG utilization locus (MLGUL) through a combination of biochemistry, enzymology, structural biology, and microbiology. 29020628 6 55 theme gut 1166:1168 arg1 metabolism 1180:1189 gut microbial metabolism 1166:1189 gut microbial metabolism of MLG 1166:1196 In turn, we surveyed human gut metagenomes to reveal that MLGULs are ubiquitous in human populations globally, which underscores the importance of gut microbial metabolism of MLG as a common cereal polysaccharide. 29020628 3 56 theme key 529:531 arg1 family 533:538 a key family 527:538 a key family of plant cell wall polysaccharides with recognized health benefits but whose mechanism of utilization has remained unclear 527:661 Mixed-linkage β(1,3)/β(1,4)-glucans (MLGs) are a key family of plant cell wall polysaccharides with recognized health benefits but whose mechanism of utilization has remained unclear. 29020628 3 56 theme key 529:531 arg1 -glucans 507:514 Mixed-linkage β(1,3)/β(1,4)-glucans 480:514 Mixed-linkage β(1,3)/β(1,4)-glucans (MLGs) 480:521 Mixed-linkage β(1,3)/β(1,4)-glucans (MLGs) are a key family of plant cell wall polysaccharides with recognized health benefits but whose mechanism of utilization has remained unclear. 29020628 4 57 theme MLG 734:736 arg1 MLGUL 757:761 MLGUL 757:761 MLGUL 757:761 Here, we provide molecular insight into the function of an archetypal MLG utilization locus (MLGUL) through a combination of biochemistry, enzymology, structural biology, and microbiology. 29020628 4 57 theme MLG 734:736 arg1 locus 750:754 an archetypal MLG utilization locus 720:754 an archetypal MLG utilization locus (MLGUL) 720:762 Here, we provide molecular insight into the function of an archetypal MLG utilization locus (MLGUL) through a combination of biochemistry, enzymology, structural biology, and microbiology. 29020628 5 58 theme syntenic 928:935 arg1 MLGULs 937:942 syntenic MLGULs 928:942 syntenic MLGULs 928:942 Comparative genomics coupled with growth studies demonstrated further that syntenic MLGULs serve as genetic markers for MLG catabolism across commensal gut bacteria. 29020628 1 59 theme human 254:258 arg1 microbiota 264:273 the human gut microbiota 250:273 the human gut microbiota 250:273 Microbial utilization of complex polysaccharides is a major driving force in shaping the composition of the human gut microbiota. 29020628 0 60 theme Mixed-Linkage 71:83 arg1 Beta-Glucans 85:96 Mixed-Linkage Beta-Glucans 71:96 Mixed-Linkage Beta-Glucans 71:96 Molecular Mechanism by which Prominent Human Gut Bacteroidetes Utilize Mixed-Linkage Beta-Glucans, Major Health-Promoting Cereal Polysaccharides. 29020628 3 61 theme 1,3 496:498 arg1 family 533:538 a key family 527:538 a key family of plant cell wall polysaccharides with recognized health benefits but whose mechanism of utilization has remained unclear 527:661 Mixed-linkage β(1,3)/β(1,4)-glucans (MLGs) are a key family of plant cell wall polysaccharides with recognized health benefits but whose mechanism of utilization has remained unclear. 29020628 3 61 theme 1,3 496:498 arg1 MLGs 517:520 MLGs 517:520 MLGs 517:520 Mixed-linkage β(1,3)/β(1,4)-glucans (MLGs) are a key family of plant cell wall polysaccharides with recognized health benefits but whose mechanism of utilization has remained unclear. 29020628 3 61 theme 1,3 496:498 arg1 -glucans 507:514 Mixed-linkage β(1,3)/β(1,4)-glucans 480:514 Mixed-linkage β(1,3)/β(1,4)-glucans (MLGs) 480:521 Mixed-linkage β(1,3)/β(1,4)-glucans (MLGs) are a key family of plant cell wall polysaccharides with recognized health benefits but whose mechanism of utilization has remained unclear. 29020628 1 62 theme complex 171:177 arg1 polysaccharides 179:193 complex polysaccharides 171:193 complex polysaccharides 171:193 Microbial utilization of complex polysaccharides is a major driving force in shaping the composition of the human gut microbiota. 29020628 2 63 theme complex 423:429 arg1 polysaccharides 431:445 complex polysaccharides 423:445 complex polysaccharides that constitute "dietary fiber 423:476 There is a growing appreciation that finely tuned polysaccharide utilization loci enable ubiquitous gut Bacteroidetes to thrive on the plethora of complex polysaccharides that constitute "dietary fiber." 29020628 1 64 theme gut 260:262 arg1 microbiota 264:273 the human gut microbiota 250:273 the human gut microbiota 250:273 Microbial utilization of complex polysaccharides is a major driving force in shaping the composition of the human gut microbiota. 29020628 6 65 from ubiquitous 1088:1097 arg1 populations 1108:1118 human populations 1102:1118 human populations 1102:1118 In turn, we surveyed human gut metagenomes to reveal that MLGULs are ubiquitous in human populations globally, which underscores the importance of gut microbial metabolism of MLG as a common cereal polysaccharide. 29020628 6 66 theme MLG 1194:1196 arg1 metabolism 1180:1189 gut microbial metabolism 1166:1189 gut microbial metabolism of MLG 1166:1196 In turn, we surveyed human gut metagenomes to reveal that MLGULs are ubiquitous in human populations globally, which underscores the importance of gut microbial metabolism of MLG as a common cereal polysaccharide. 29020628 1 67 theme polysaccharides 179:193 arg1 utilization 156:166 Microbial utilization 146:166 Microbial utilization of complex polysaccharides 146:193 Microbial utilization of complex polysaccharides is a major driving force in shaping the composition of the human gut microbiota. 29020628 1 67 theme polysaccharides 179:193 arg1 force 214:218 a major driving force 198:218 a major driving force in shaping the composition of the human gut microbiota 198:273 Microbial utilization of complex polysaccharides is a major driving force in shaping the composition of the human gut microbiota. 29020628 1 68 theme microbiota 264:273 arg1 composition 235:245 the composition 231:245 the composition of the human gut microbiota 231:273 Microbial utilization of complex polysaccharides is a major driving force in shaping the composition of the human gut microbiota. 28658258 7 0 theme biosynthesis 1625:1636 arg1 cluster 1643:1649 the previously defined capsule I polysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster 1577:1649 the previously defined capsule I polysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster 1577:1649 Conversely, deletion of the previously defined capsule I polysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster increased biofilm formation. 28658258 3 1 theme defined 714:720 arg1 library 744:750 a sequence defined two-allele transposon library 703:750 a sequence defined two-allele transposon library 703:750 In order to reveal the genes that regulate and/or contribute to B. pseudomallei 1026b biofilm formation, we screened a sequence defined two-allele transposon library and identified 118 transposon insertion mutants that were deficient in biofilm formation. 28658258 6 2 theme biofilm-associated 1364:1381 arg1 cluster 1414:1420 the entire B. pseudomallei biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide biosynthetic cluster 1337:1420 the entire B. pseudomallei biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide biosynthetic cluster 1337:1420 An allelic exchange deletion mutant of the entire B. pseudomallei biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide biosynthetic cluster was decreased in biofilm formation and produced a smooth colony morphology suggestive of the loss of exopolysaccharide production. 28658258 1 3 theme limited 271:277 arg1 options 291:297 limited therapeutic options 271:297 limited therapeutic options for treatment 271:311 Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is an important public health threat due to limited therapeutic options for treatment. 28658258 7 4 theme I 1608:1608 arg1 cluster 1643:1649 the previously defined capsule I polysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster 1577:1649 the previously defined capsule I polysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster 1577:1649 Conversely, deletion of the previously defined capsule I polysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster increased biofilm formation. 28658258 4 5 theme transcriptional 935:949 arg1 regulators 951:960 transcriptional regulators 935:960 transcriptional regulators 935:960 These mutants include transposon insertions in genes predicted to encode flagella, fimbriae, transcriptional regulators, polysaccharides, and hypothetical proteins. 28658258 3 6 theme 118 767:769 arg1 mutants 792:798 118 transposon insertion mutants 767:798 118 transposon insertion mutants that were deficient in biofilm formation 767:839 In order to reveal the genes that regulate and/or contribute to B. pseudomallei 1026b biofilm formation, we screened a sequence defined two-allele transposon library and identified 118 transposon insertion mutants that were deficient in biofilm formation. 28658258 6 7 theme B. 1348:1349 arg1 cluster 1414:1420 the entire B. pseudomallei biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide biosynthetic cluster 1337:1420 the entire B. pseudomallei biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide biosynthetic cluster 1337:1420 An allelic exchange deletion mutant of the entire B. pseudomallei biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide biosynthetic cluster was decreased in biofilm formation and produced a smooth colony morphology suggestive of the loss of exopolysaccharide production. 28658258 11 8 theme further 2249:2255 arg1 advances 2257:2264 further advances 2249:2264 further advances in understanding the pathogenesis of B. pseudomallei 2249:2317 These findings will facilitate further advances in understanding the pathogenesis of B. pseudomallei and improve diagnostics and therapeutic treatment strategies. 28658258 8 9 theme acidic 1919:1924 arg1 exopolysaccharide 1926:1942 the previously described acidic exopolysaccharide 1894:1942 the previously described acidic exopolysaccharide 1894:1942 Bioinformatics analyses combined with immunoblot analysis and glycosyl composition studies of the partially purified exopolysaccharide indicate that the biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide is neither cepacian nor the previously described acidic exopolysaccharide. 28658258 7 10 theme defined 1592:1598 arg1 cluster 1643:1649 the previously defined capsule I polysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster 1577:1649 the previously defined capsule I polysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster 1577:1649 Conversely, deletion of the previously defined capsule I polysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster increased biofilm formation. 28658258 1 11 theme melioidosis 214:224 arg1 pseudomallei 177:188 Burkholderia pseudomallei 164:188 Burkholderia pseudomallei 164:188 Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is an important public health threat due to limited therapeutic options for treatment. 28658258 1 11 theme melioidosis 214:224 arg1 agent 205:209 the causative agent 191:209 the causative agent of melioidosis 191:224 Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is an important public health threat due to limited therapeutic options for treatment. 28658258 4 12 theme hypothetical 984:995 arg1 proteins 997:1004 hypothetical proteins 984:1004 hypothetical proteins 984:1004 These mutants include transposon insertions in genes predicted to encode flagella, fimbriae, transcriptional regulators, polysaccharides, and hypothetical proteins. 28658258 3 13 theme insertion 782:790 arg1 mutants 792:798 118 transposon insertion mutants 767:798 118 transposon insertion mutants that were deficient in biofilm formation 767:839 In order to reveal the genes that regulate and/or contribute to B. pseudomallei 1026b biofilm formation, we screened a sequence defined two-allele transposon library and identified 118 transposon insertion mutants that were deficient in biofilm formation. 28658258 0 14 theme biosynthesis 137:148 arg1 cluster 155:161 a crucial exopolysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster 109:161 a crucial exopolysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster 109:161 Genome-scale analysis of the genes that contribute to Burkholderia pseudomallei biofilm formation identifies a crucial exopolysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster. 28658258 6 15 theme deletion 1318:1325 arg1 mutant 1327:1332 An allelic exchange deletion mutant 1298:1332 An allelic exchange deletion mutant of the entire B. pseudomallei biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide biosynthetic cluster 1298:1420 An allelic exchange deletion mutant of the entire B. pseudomallei biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide biosynthetic cluster was decreased in biofilm formation and produced a smooth colony morphology suggestive of the loss of exopolysaccharide production. 28658258 3 16 theme biofilm 823:829 arg1 formation 831:839 biofilm formation 823:839 biofilm formation 823:839 In order to reveal the genes that regulate and/or contribute to B. pseudomallei 1026b biofilm formation, we screened a sequence defined two-allele transposon library and identified 118 transposon insertion mutants that were deficient in biofilm formation. 28658258 1 17 theme important 233:241 arg1 threat 257:262 an important public health threat 230:262 an important public health threat due to limited therapeutic options for treatment 230:311 Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is an important public health threat due to limited therapeutic options for treatment. 28658258 1 17 theme important 233:241 arg1 pseudomallei 177:188 Burkholderia pseudomallei 164:188 Burkholderia pseudomallei 164:188 Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is an important public health threat due to limited therapeutic options for treatment. 28658258 6 18 theme allelic 1301:1307 arg1 mutant 1327:1332 An allelic exchange deletion mutant 1298:1332 An allelic exchange deletion mutant of the entire B. pseudomallei biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide biosynthetic cluster 1298:1420 An allelic exchange deletion mutant of the entire B. pseudomallei biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide biosynthetic cluster was decreased in biofilm formation and produced a smooth colony morphology suggestive of the loss of exopolysaccharide production. 28658258 10 19 theme host 2212:2215 arg1 infection 2195:2203 infection 2195:2203 infection 2195:2203 Since this novel exopolysaccharide biosynthesis cluster is retained in B. mallei, it is predicted to have a role in colonization and infection of the host. 28658258 10 19 theme host 2212:2215 arg1 colonization 2178:2189 colonization 2178:2189 colonization 2178:2189 Since this novel exopolysaccharide biosynthesis cluster is retained in B. mallei, it is predicted to have a role in colonization and infection of the host. 28658258 4 20 from insertions 875:884 arg1 polysaccharides 963:977 polysaccharides 963:977 polysaccharides 963:977 These mutants include transposon insertions in genes predicted to encode flagella, fimbriae, transcriptional regulators, polysaccharides, and hypothetical proteins. 28658258 4 20 from insertions 875:884 arg1 fimbriae 925:932 fimbriae 925:932 fimbriae 925:932 These mutants include transposon insertions in genes predicted to encode flagella, fimbriae, transcriptional regulators, polysaccharides, and hypothetical proteins. 28658258 4 20 from insertions 875:884 arg1 regulators 951:960 transcriptional regulators 935:960 transcriptional regulators 935:960 These mutants include transposon insertions in genes predicted to encode flagella, fimbriae, transcriptional regulators, polysaccharides, and hypothetical proteins. 28658258 4 20 from insertions 875:884 arg1 proteins 997:1004 hypothetical proteins 984:1004 hypothetical proteins 984:1004 These mutants include transposon insertions in genes predicted to encode flagella, fimbriae, transcriptional regulators, polysaccharides, and hypothetical proteins. 28658258 4 20 from insertions 875:884 arg1 genes 889:893 genes 889:893 genes predicted to encode flagella 889:922 These mutants include transposon insertions in genes predicted to encode flagella, fimbriae, transcriptional regulators, polysaccharides, and hypothetical proteins. 28658258 11 21 theme therapeutic 2347:2357 arg1 strategies 2369:2378 therapeutic treatment strategies 2347:2378 therapeutic treatment strategies 2347:2378 These findings will facilitate further advances in understanding the pathogenesis of B. pseudomallei and improve diagnostics and therapeutic treatment strategies. 28658258 10 22 theme exopolysaccharide 2079:2095 arg1 cluster 2110:2116 this novel exopolysaccharide biosynthesis cluster 2068:2116 this novel exopolysaccharide biosynthesis cluster 2068:2116 Since this novel exopolysaccharide biosynthesis cluster is retained in B. mallei, it is predicted to have a role in colonization and infection of the host. 28658258 6 23 theme biosynthetic 1401:1412 arg1 cluster 1414:1420 the entire B. pseudomallei biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide biosynthetic cluster 1337:1420 the entire B. pseudomallei biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide biosynthetic cluster 1337:1420 An allelic exchange deletion mutant of the entire B. pseudomallei biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide biosynthetic cluster was decreased in biofilm formation and produced a smooth colony morphology suggestive of the loss of exopolysaccharide production. 28658258 10 24 theme novel 2073:2077 arg1 cluster 2110:2116 this novel exopolysaccharide biosynthesis cluster 2068:2116 this novel exopolysaccharide biosynthesis cluster 2068:2116 Since this novel exopolysaccharide biosynthesis cluster is retained in B. mallei, it is predicted to have a role in colonization and infection of the host. 28658258 0 25 theme Burkholderia 54:65 arg1 formation 88:96 Burkholderia pseudomallei biofilm formation 54:96 Burkholderia pseudomallei biofilm formation 54:96 Genome-scale analysis of the genes that contribute to Burkholderia pseudomallei biofilm formation identifies a crucial exopolysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster. 28658258 5 26 theme biosynthetic 1180:1191 arg1 genes 1193:1197 these biosynthetic genes 1174:1197 these biosynthetic genes 1174:1197 Polysaccharides are key constituents of biofilms and B. pseudomallei has the capacity to produce a diversity of polysaccharides, thus there is a critical need to link these biosynthetic genes with the polysaccharides they produce to better understand their biological role during infection. 28658258 3 27 from deficient 810:818 arg1 formation 831:839 biofilm formation 823:839 biofilm formation 823:839 In order to reveal the genes that regulate and/or contribute to B. pseudomallei 1026b biofilm formation, we screened a sequence defined two-allele transposon library and identified 118 transposon insertion mutants that were deficient in biofilm formation. 28658258 2 28 dep Efforts 314:320 arg1 improve 325:331 improve 325:331 to improve therapeutics for B. pseudomallei infections 322:375 Efforts to improve therapeutics for B. pseudomallei infections are dependent on the need to understand the role of B. pseudomallei biofilm formation and its contribution to antibiotic tolerance and persistence as these are bacterial traits that prevent effective therapy. 28658258 0 29 theme biofilm 80:86 arg1 formation 88:96 Burkholderia pseudomallei biofilm formation 54:96 Burkholderia pseudomallei biofilm formation 54:96 Genome-scale analysis of the genes that contribute to Burkholderia pseudomallei biofilm formation identifies a crucial exopolysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster. 28658258 6 30 theme smooth 1472:1477 arg1 morphology 1486:1495 a smooth colony morphology 1470:1495 a smooth colony morphology suggestive of the loss of exopolysaccharide production 1470:1550 An allelic exchange deletion mutant of the entire B. pseudomallei biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide biosynthetic cluster was decreased in biofilm formation and produced a smooth colony morphology suggestive of the loss of exopolysaccharide production. 28658258 5 31 theme biofilms 1047:1054 arg1 Polysaccharides 1007:1021 Polysaccharides 1007:1021 Polysaccharides 1007:1021 Polysaccharides are key constituents of biofilms and B. pseudomallei has the capacity to produce a diversity of polysaccharides, thus there is a critical need to link these biosynthetic genes with the polysaccharides they produce to better understand their biological role during infection. 28658258 5 31 theme biofilms 1047:1054 arg1 constituents 1031:1042 key constituents 1027:1042 key constituents of biofilms 1027:1054 Polysaccharides are key constituents of biofilms and B. pseudomallei has the capacity to produce a diversity of polysaccharides, thus there is a critical need to link these biosynthetic genes with the polysaccharides they produce to better understand their biological role during infection. 28658258 9 32 theme B. 2025:2026 arg1 complex 2041:2047 the B. pseudomallei complex 2021:2047 the B. pseudomallei complex of bacteria 2021:2059 The biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide described here is also specific to the B. pseudomallei complex of bacteria. 28658258 0 33 theme crucial 111:117 arg1 cluster 155:161 a crucial exopolysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster 109:161 a crucial exopolysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster 109:161 Genome-scale analysis of the genes that contribute to Burkholderia pseudomallei biofilm formation identifies a crucial exopolysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster. 28658258 8 34 theme Bioinformatics 1680:1693 arg1 analyses 1695:1702 Bioinformatics analyses 1680:1702 Bioinformatics analyses combined with immunoblot analysis and glycosyl composition studies of the partially purified exopolysaccharide 1680:1813 Bioinformatics analyses combined with immunoblot analysis and glycosyl composition studies of the partially purified exopolysaccharide indicate that the biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide is neither cepacian nor the previously described acidic exopolysaccharide. 28658258 0 35 theme Genome-scale 0:11 arg1 analysis 13:20 Genome-scale analysis 0:20 Genome-scale analysis of the genes that contribute to Burkholderia pseudomallei biofilm formation 0:96 Genome-scale analysis of the genes that contribute to Burkholderia pseudomallei biofilm formation identifies a crucial exopolysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster. 28658258 3 36 dep defined 714:720 arg1 sequence 705:712 sequence 705:712 sequence 705:712 In order to reveal the genes that regulate and/or contribute to B. pseudomallei 1026b biofilm formation, we screened a sequence defined two-allele transposon library and identified 118 transposon insertion mutants that were deficient in biofilm formation. 28658258 9 37 theme bacteria 2052:2059 arg1 complex 2041:2047 the B. pseudomallei complex 2021:2047 the B. pseudomallei complex of bacteria 2021:2059 The biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide described here is also specific to the B. pseudomallei complex of bacteria. 28658258 2 38 theme biofilm 445:451 arg1 formation 453:461 B. pseudomallei biofilm formation 429:461 B. pseudomallei biofilm formation 429:461 Efforts to improve therapeutics for B. pseudomallei infections are dependent on the need to understand the role of B. pseudomallei biofilm formation and its contribution to antibiotic tolerance and persistence as these are bacterial traits that prevent effective therapy. 28658258 0 39 dep Burkholderia 54:65 arg1 pseudomallei 67:78 pseudomallei 67:78 pseudomallei 67:78 Genome-scale analysis of the genes that contribute to Burkholderia pseudomallei biofilm formation identifies a crucial exopolysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster. 28658258 8 40 theme immunoblot 1718:1727 arg1 analysis 1729:1736 immunoblot analysis 1718:1736 immunoblot analysis 1718:1736 Bioinformatics analyses combined with immunoblot analysis and glycosyl composition studies of the partially purified exopolysaccharide indicate that the biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide is neither cepacian nor the previously described acidic exopolysaccharide. 28658258 2 41 dep B. 429:430 arg1 pseudomallei 432:443 pseudomallei 432:443 pseudomallei 432:443 Efforts to improve therapeutics for B. pseudomallei infections are dependent on the need to understand the role of B. pseudomallei biofilm formation and its contribution to antibiotic tolerance and persistence as these are bacterial traits that prevent effective therapy. 28658258 2 42 theme B. 429:430 arg1 formation 453:461 B. pseudomallei biofilm formation 429:461 B. pseudomallei biofilm formation 429:461 Efforts to improve therapeutics for B. pseudomallei infections are dependent on the need to understand the role of B. pseudomallei biofilm formation and its contribution to antibiotic tolerance and persistence as these are bacterial traits that prevent effective therapy. 28658258 6 43 theme exopolysaccharide 1523:1539 arg1 production 1541:1550 exopolysaccharide production 1523:1550 exopolysaccharide production 1523:1550 An allelic exchange deletion mutant of the entire B. pseudomallei biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide biosynthetic cluster was decreased in biofilm formation and produced a smooth colony morphology suggestive of the loss of exopolysaccharide production. 28658258 0 44 theme genes 29:33 arg1 analysis 13:20 Genome-scale analysis 0:20 Genome-scale analysis of the genes that contribute to Burkholderia pseudomallei biofilm formation 0:96 Genome-scale analysis of the genes that contribute to Burkholderia pseudomallei biofilm formation identifies a crucial exopolysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster. 28658258 2 45 theme antibiotic 487:496 arg1 tolerance 498:506 tolerance 498:506 tolerance 498:506 Efforts to improve therapeutics for B. pseudomallei infections are dependent on the need to understand the role of B. pseudomallei biofilm formation and its contribution to antibiotic tolerance and persistence as these are bacterial traits that prevent effective therapy. 28658258 3 46 theme biofilm 672:678 arg1 formation 680:688 B. pseudomallei 1026b biofilm formation 650:688 B. pseudomallei 1026b biofilm formation 650:688 In order to reveal the genes that regulate and/or contribute to B. pseudomallei 1026b biofilm formation, we screened a sequence defined two-allele transposon library and identified 118 transposon insertion mutants that were deficient in biofilm formation. 28658258 6 47 theme loss 1515:1518 arg1 suggestive 1497:1506 suggestive 1497:1506 suggestive 1497:1506 An allelic exchange deletion mutant of the entire B. pseudomallei biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide biosynthetic cluster was decreased in biofilm formation and produced a smooth colony morphology suggestive of the loss of exopolysaccharide production. 28658258 8 48 theme composition 1751:1761 arg1 studies 1763:1769 glycosyl composition studies 1742:1769 glycosyl composition studies 1742:1769 Bioinformatics analyses combined with immunoblot analysis and glycosyl composition studies of the partially purified exopolysaccharide indicate that the biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide is neither cepacian nor the previously described acidic exopolysaccharide. 28658258 8 49 theme biofilm-associated 1833:1850 arg1 exopolysaccharide 1852:1868 the biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide 1829:1868 the biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide 1829:1868 Bioinformatics analyses combined with immunoblot analysis and glycosyl composition studies of the partially purified exopolysaccharide indicate that the biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide is neither cepacian nor the previously described acidic exopolysaccharide. 28658258 8 49 theme biofilm-associated 1833:1850 arg1 cepacian 1881:1888 cepacian 1881:1888 cepacian 1881:1888 Bioinformatics analyses combined with immunoblot analysis and glycosyl composition studies of the partially purified exopolysaccharide indicate that the biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide is neither cepacian nor the previously described acidic exopolysaccharide. 28658258 1 50 theme public 243:248 arg1 threat 257:262 an important public health threat 230:262 an important public health threat due to limited therapeutic options for treatment 230:311 Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is an important public health threat due to limited therapeutic options for treatment. 28658258 1 50 theme public 243:248 arg1 pseudomallei 177:188 Burkholderia pseudomallei 164:188 Burkholderia pseudomallei 164:188 Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is an important public health threat due to limited therapeutic options for treatment. 28658258 7 51 theme gene 1638:1641 arg1 cluster 1643:1649 the previously defined capsule I polysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster 1577:1649 the previously defined capsule I polysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster 1577:1649 Conversely, deletion of the previously defined capsule I polysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster increased biofilm formation. 28658258 7 52 theme polysaccharide 1610:1623 arg1 cluster 1643:1649 the previously defined capsule I polysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster 1577:1649 the previously defined capsule I polysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster 1577:1649 Conversely, deletion of the previously defined capsule I polysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster increased biofilm formation. 28658258 6 53 theme exopolysaccharide 1383:1399 arg1 cluster 1414:1420 the entire B. pseudomallei biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide biosynthetic cluster 1337:1420 the entire B. pseudomallei biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide biosynthetic cluster 1337:1420 An allelic exchange deletion mutant of the entire B. pseudomallei biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide biosynthetic cluster was decreased in biofilm formation and produced a smooth colony morphology suggestive of the loss of exopolysaccharide production. 28658258 7 54 theme capsule 1600:1606 arg1 cluster 1643:1649 the previously defined capsule I polysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster 1577:1649 the previously defined capsule I polysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster 1577:1649 Conversely, deletion of the previously defined capsule I polysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster increased biofilm formation. 28658258 10 55 theme biosynthesis 2097:2108 arg1 cluster 2110:2116 this novel exopolysaccharide biosynthesis cluster 2068:2116 this novel exopolysaccharide biosynthesis cluster 2068:2116 Since this novel exopolysaccharide biosynthesis cluster is retained in B. mallei, it is predicted to have a role in colonization and infection of the host. 28658258 5 56 contain has 1076:1078 arg1 pseudomallei 1063:1074 B. pseudomallei 1060:1074 B. pseudomallei 1060:1074 Polysaccharides are key constituents of biofilms and B. pseudomallei has the capacity to produce a diversity of polysaccharides, thus there is a critical need to link these biosynthetic genes with the polysaccharides they produce to better understand their biological role during infection. 28658258 5 56 contain has 1076:1078 arg2 capacity 1084:1091 the capacity to produce a diversity of polysaccharides 1080:1133 the capacity to produce a diversity of polysaccharides 1080:1133 Polysaccharides are key constituents of biofilms and B. pseudomallei has the capacity to produce a diversity of polysaccharides, thus there is a critical need to link these biosynthetic genes with the polysaccharides they produce to better understand their biological role during infection. 28658258 8 57 theme exopolysaccharide 1797:1813 arg1 analysis 1729:1736 immunoblot analysis 1718:1736 immunoblot analysis 1718:1736 Bioinformatics analyses combined with immunoblot analysis and glycosyl composition studies of the partially purified exopolysaccharide indicate that the biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide is neither cepacian nor the previously described acidic exopolysaccharide. 28658258 8 57 theme exopolysaccharide 1797:1813 arg1 studies 1763:1769 glycosyl composition studies 1742:1769 glycosyl composition studies 1742:1769 Bioinformatics analyses combined with immunoblot analysis and glycosyl composition studies of the partially purified exopolysaccharide indicate that the biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide is neither cepacian nor the previously described acidic exopolysaccharide. 28658258 3 58 theme two-allele 722:731 arg1 library 744:750 a sequence defined two-allele transposon library 703:750 a sequence defined two-allele transposon library 703:750 In order to reveal the genes that regulate and/or contribute to B. pseudomallei 1026b biofilm formation, we screened a sequence defined two-allele transposon library and identified 118 transposon insertion mutants that were deficient in biofilm formation. 28658258 1 59 theme therapeutic 279:289 arg1 options 291:297 limited therapeutic options 271:297 limited therapeutic options for treatment 271:311 Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is an important public health threat due to limited therapeutic options for treatment. 28658258 6 60 dep B. 1348:1349 arg1 pseudomallei 1351:1362 pseudomallei 1351:1362 pseudomallei 1351:1362 An allelic exchange deletion mutant of the entire B. pseudomallei biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide biosynthetic cluster was decreased in biofilm formation and produced a smooth colony morphology suggestive of the loss of exopolysaccharide production. 28658258 11 61 theme treatment 2359:2367 arg1 strategies 2369:2378 therapeutic treatment strategies 2347:2378 therapeutic treatment strategies 2347:2378 These findings will facilitate further advances in understanding the pathogenesis of B. pseudomallei and improve diagnostics and therapeutic treatment strategies. 28658258 3 62 theme transposon 771:780 arg1 mutants 792:798 118 transposon insertion mutants 767:798 118 transposon insertion mutants that were deficient in biofilm formation 767:839 In order to reveal the genes that regulate and/or contribute to B. pseudomallei 1026b biofilm formation, we screened a sequence defined two-allele transposon library and identified 118 transposon insertion mutants that were deficient in biofilm formation. 28658258 6 63 theme entire 1341:1346 arg1 cluster 1414:1420 the entire B. pseudomallei biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide biosynthetic cluster 1337:1420 the entire B. pseudomallei biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide biosynthetic cluster 1337:1420 An allelic exchange deletion mutant of the entire B. pseudomallei biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide biosynthetic cluster was decreased in biofilm formation and produced a smooth colony morphology suggestive of the loss of exopolysaccharide production. 28658258 8 64 theme described 1909:1917 arg1 exopolysaccharide 1926:1942 the previously described acidic exopolysaccharide 1894:1942 the previously described acidic exopolysaccharide 1894:1942 Bioinformatics analyses combined with immunoblot analysis and glycosyl composition studies of the partially purified exopolysaccharide indicate that the biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide is neither cepacian nor the previously described acidic exopolysaccharide. 28658258 1 65 theme causative 195:203 arg1 pseudomallei 177:188 Burkholderia pseudomallei 164:188 Burkholderia pseudomallei 164:188 Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is an important public health threat due to limited therapeutic options for treatment. 28658258 1 65 theme causative 195:203 arg1 agent 205:209 the causative agent 191:209 the causative agent of melioidosis 191:224 Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is an important public health threat due to limited therapeutic options for treatment. 28658258 10 66 contain have 2163:2166 arg1 it 2144:2145 it 2144:2145 it 2144:2145 Since this novel exopolysaccharide biosynthesis cluster is retained in B. mallei, it is predicted to have a role in colonization and infection of the host. 28658258 10 66 contain have 2163:2166 arg2 role 2170:2173 a role 2168:2173 a role 2168:2173 Since this novel exopolysaccharide biosynthesis cluster is retained in B. mallei, it is predicted to have a role in colonization and infection of the host. 28658258 0 67 theme gene 150:153 arg1 cluster 155:161 a crucial exopolysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster 109:161 a crucial exopolysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster 109:161 Genome-scale analysis of the genes that contribute to Burkholderia pseudomallei biofilm formation identifies a crucial exopolysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster. 28658258 11 68 theme pseudomallei 2306:2317 arg1 pathogenesis 2287:2298 the pathogenesis 2283:2298 the pathogenesis of B. pseudomallei 2283:2317 These findings will facilitate further advances in understanding the pathogenesis of B. pseudomallei and improve diagnostics and therapeutic treatment strategies. 28658258 6 69 theme biofilm 1439:1445 arg1 formation 1447:1455 biofilm formation 1439:1455 biofilm formation 1439:1455 An allelic exchange deletion mutant of the entire B. pseudomallei biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide biosynthetic cluster was decreased in biofilm formation and produced a smooth colony morphology suggestive of the loss of exopolysaccharide production. 28658258 3 70 dep B. 650:651 arg1 pseudomallei 653:664 pseudomallei 653:664 pseudomallei 653:664 In order to reveal the genes that regulate and/or contribute to B. pseudomallei 1026b biofilm formation, we screened a sequence defined two-allele transposon library and identified 118 transposon insertion mutants that were deficient in biofilm formation. 28658258 2 71 theme effective 567:575 arg1 therapy 577:583 effective therapy 567:583 effective therapy 567:583 Efforts to improve therapeutics for B. pseudomallei infections are dependent on the need to understand the role of B. pseudomallei biofilm formation and its contribution to antibiotic tolerance and persistence as these are bacterial traits that prevent effective therapy. 28658258 6 72 theme exchange 1309:1316 arg1 mutant 1327:1332 An allelic exchange deletion mutant 1298:1332 An allelic exchange deletion mutant of the entire B. pseudomallei biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide biosynthetic cluster 1298:1420 An allelic exchange deletion mutant of the entire B. pseudomallei biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide biosynthetic cluster was decreased in biofilm formation and produced a smooth colony morphology suggestive of the loss of exopolysaccharide production. 28658258 9 73 dep B. 2025:2026 arg1 pseudomallei 2028:2039 pseudomallei 2028:2039 pseudomallei 2028:2039 The biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide described here is also specific to the B. pseudomallei complex of bacteria. 28658258 5 74 theme critical 1152:1159 arg1 need 1161:1164 a critical need 1150:1164 a critical need to link these biosynthetic genes with the polysaccharides they produce to better understand their biological role during infection 1150:1295 Polysaccharides are key constituents of biofilms and B. pseudomallei has the capacity to produce a diversity of polysaccharides, thus there is a critical need to link these biosynthetic genes with the polysaccharides they produce to better understand their biological role during infection. 28658258 9 75 theme biofilm-associated 1949:1966 arg1 specific 2009:2016 specific 2009:2016 specific 2009:2016 The biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide described here is also specific to the B. pseudomallei complex of bacteria. 28658258 9 75 theme biofilm-associated 1949:1966 arg1 exopolysaccharide 1968:1984 The biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide 1945:1984 The biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide described here 1945:1999 The biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide described here is also specific to the B. pseudomallei complex of bacteria. 28658258 6 76 theme cluster 1414:1420 arg1 mutant 1327:1332 An allelic exchange deletion mutant 1298:1332 An allelic exchange deletion mutant of the entire B. pseudomallei biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide biosynthetic cluster 1298:1420 An allelic exchange deletion mutant of the entire B. pseudomallei biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide biosynthetic cluster was decreased in biofilm formation and produced a smooth colony morphology suggestive of the loss of exopolysaccharide production. 28658258 5 77 theme polysaccharides 1119:1133 arg1 diversity 1106:1114 a diversity 1104:1114 a diversity of polysaccharides 1104:1133 Polysaccharides are key constituents of biofilms and B. pseudomallei has the capacity to produce a diversity of polysaccharides, thus there is a critical need to link these biosynthetic genes with the polysaccharides they produce to better understand their biological role during infection. 28658258 3 78 theme B. 650:651 arg1 formation 680:688 B. pseudomallei 1026b biofilm formation 650:688 B. pseudomallei 1026b biofilm formation 650:688 In order to reveal the genes that regulate and/or contribute to B. pseudomallei 1026b biofilm formation, we screened a sequence defined two-allele transposon library and identified 118 transposon insertion mutants that were deficient in biofilm formation. 28658258 1 79 theme Burkholderia 164:175 arg1 threat 257:262 an important public health threat 230:262 an important public health threat due to limited therapeutic options for treatment 230:311 Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is an important public health threat due to limited therapeutic options for treatment. 28658258 1 79 theme Burkholderia 164:175 arg1 pseudomallei 177:188 Burkholderia pseudomallei 164:188 Burkholderia pseudomallei 164:188 Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is an important public health threat due to limited therapeutic options for treatment. 28658258 1 79 theme Burkholderia 164:175 arg1 agent 205:209 the causative agent 191:209 the causative agent of melioidosis 191:224 Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is an important public health threat due to limited therapeutic options for treatment. 28658258 6 80 theme suggestive 1497:1506 arg1 morphology 1486:1495 a smooth colony morphology 1470:1495 a smooth colony morphology suggestive of the loss of exopolysaccharide production 1470:1550 An allelic exchange deletion mutant of the entire B. pseudomallei biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide biosynthetic cluster was decreased in biofilm formation and produced a smooth colony morphology suggestive of the loss of exopolysaccharide production. 28658258 6 81 theme colony 1479:1484 arg1 morphology 1486:1495 a smooth colony morphology 1470:1495 a smooth colony morphology suggestive of the loss of exopolysaccharide production 1470:1550 An allelic exchange deletion mutant of the entire B. pseudomallei biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide biosynthetic cluster was decreased in biofilm formation and produced a smooth colony morphology suggestive of the loss of exopolysaccharide production. 28658258 3 82 from formation 831:839 arg1 deficient 810:818 deficient 810:818 deficient 810:818 In order to reveal the genes that regulate and/or contribute to B. pseudomallei 1026b biofilm formation, we screened a sequence defined two-allele transposon library and identified 118 transposon insertion mutants that were deficient in biofilm formation. 28658258 0 83 theme exopolysaccharide 119:135 arg1 cluster 155:161 a crucial exopolysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster 109:161 a crucial exopolysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster 109:161 Genome-scale analysis of the genes that contribute to Burkholderia pseudomallei biofilm formation identifies a crucial exopolysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster. 28658258 2 84 theme bacterial 537:545 arg1 these 527:531 these 527:531 these 527:531 Efforts to improve therapeutics for B. pseudomallei infections are dependent on the need to understand the role of B. pseudomallei biofilm formation and its contribution to antibiotic tolerance and persistence as these are bacterial traits that prevent effective therapy. 28658258 2 84 theme bacterial 537:545 arg1 traits 547:552 bacterial traits 537:552 bacterial traits that prevent effective therapy 537:583 Efforts to improve therapeutics for B. pseudomallei infections are dependent on the need to understand the role of B. pseudomallei biofilm formation and its contribution to antibiotic tolerance and persistence as these are bacterial traits that prevent effective therapy. 28658258 5 85 dep polysaccharides 1208:1222 arg1 produce 1229:1235 produce 1229:1235 produce to better understand their biological role during infection 1229:1295 Polysaccharides are key constituents of biofilms and B. pseudomallei has the capacity to produce a diversity of polysaccharides, thus there is a critical need to link these biosynthetic genes with the polysaccharides they produce to better understand their biological role during infection. 28658258 2 86 dep B. 350:351 arg1 pseudomallei 353:364 pseudomallei 353:364 pseudomallei 353:364 Efforts to improve therapeutics for B. pseudomallei infections are dependent on the need to understand the role of B. pseudomallei biofilm formation and its contribution to antibiotic tolerance and persistence as these are bacterial traits that prevent effective therapy. 28658258 5 87 theme key 1027:1029 arg1 Polysaccharides 1007:1021 Polysaccharides 1007:1021 Polysaccharides 1007:1021 Polysaccharides are key constituents of biofilms and B. pseudomallei has the capacity to produce a diversity of polysaccharides, thus there is a critical need to link these biosynthetic genes with the polysaccharides they produce to better understand their biological role during infection. 28658258 5 87 theme key 1027:1029 arg1 constituents 1031:1042 key constituents 1027:1042 key constituents of biofilms 1027:1054 Polysaccharides are key constituents of biofilms and B. pseudomallei has the capacity to produce a diversity of polysaccharides, thus there is a critical need to link these biosynthetic genes with the polysaccharides they produce to better understand their biological role during infection. 28658258 2 88 theme formation 453:461 arg1 contribution 471:482 its contribution 467:482 its contribution to antibiotic tolerance and persistence 467:522 Efforts to improve therapeutics for B. pseudomallei infections are dependent on the need to understand the role of B. pseudomallei biofilm formation and its contribution to antibiotic tolerance and persistence as these are bacterial traits that prevent effective therapy. 28658258 2 88 theme formation 453:461 arg1 role 421:424 the role 417:424 the role of B. pseudomallei biofilm formation 417:461 Efforts to improve therapeutics for B. pseudomallei infections are dependent on the need to understand the role of B. pseudomallei biofilm formation and its contribution to antibiotic tolerance and persistence as these are bacterial traits that prevent effective therapy. 28658258 6 89 theme production 1541:1550 arg1 loss 1515:1518 the loss 1511:1518 the loss of exopolysaccharide production 1511:1550 An allelic exchange deletion mutant of the entire B. pseudomallei biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide biosynthetic cluster was decreased in biofilm formation and produced a smooth colony morphology suggestive of the loss of exopolysaccharide production. 28658258 5 90 theme biological 1264:1273 arg1 role 1275:1278 their biological role 1258:1278 their biological role 1258:1278 Polysaccharides are key constituents of biofilms and B. pseudomallei has the capacity to produce a diversity of polysaccharides, thus there is a critical need to link these biosynthetic genes with the polysaccharides they produce to better understand their biological role during infection. 28658258 8 91 theme glycosyl 1742:1749 arg1 studies 1763:1769 glycosyl composition studies 1742:1769 glycosyl composition studies 1742:1769 Bioinformatics analyses combined with immunoblot analysis and glycosyl composition studies of the partially purified exopolysaccharide indicate that the biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide is neither cepacian nor the previously described acidic exopolysaccharide. 28658258 3 92 theme 1026b 666:670 arg1 formation 680:688 B. pseudomallei 1026b biofilm formation 650:688 B. pseudomallei 1026b biofilm formation 650:688 In order to reveal the genes that regulate and/or contribute to B. pseudomallei 1026b biofilm formation, we screened a sequence defined two-allele transposon library and identified 118 transposon insertion mutants that were deficient in biofilm formation. 28658258 4 93 theme transposon 864:873 arg1 insertions 875:884 transposon insertions 864:884 transposon insertions in genes predicted to encode flagella, fimbriae, transcriptional regulators, polysaccharides, and hypothetical proteins 864:1004 These mutants include transposon insertions in genes predicted to encode flagella, fimbriae, transcriptional regulators, polysaccharides, and hypothetical proteins. 28658258 7 94 theme biofilm 1661:1667 arg1 formation 1669:1677 biofilm formation 1661:1677 biofilm formation 1661:1677 Conversely, deletion of the previously defined capsule I polysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster increased biofilm formation. 28658258 2 95 theme B. 350:351 arg1 infections 366:375 B. pseudomallei infections 350:375 B. pseudomallei infections 350:375 Efforts to improve therapeutics for B. pseudomallei infections are dependent on the need to understand the role of B. pseudomallei biofilm formation and its contribution to antibiotic tolerance and persistence as these are bacterial traits that prevent effective therapy. 28658258 1 96 theme health 250:255 arg1 threat 257:262 an important public health threat 230:262 an important public health threat due to limited therapeutic options for treatment 230:311 Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is an important public health threat due to limited therapeutic options for treatment. 28658258 1 96 theme health 250:255 arg1 pseudomallei 177:188 Burkholderia pseudomallei 164:188 Burkholderia pseudomallei 164:188 Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is an important public health threat due to limited therapeutic options for treatment. 28658258 7 97 theme cluster 1643:1649 arg1 deletion 1565:1572 deletion 1565:1572 deletion of the previously defined capsule I polysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster 1565:1649 Conversely, deletion of the previously defined capsule I polysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster increased biofilm formation. 28658258 8 98 theme purified 1788:1795 arg1 exopolysaccharide 1797:1813 the partially purified exopolysaccharide 1774:1813 the partially purified exopolysaccharide 1774:1813 Bioinformatics analyses combined with immunoblot analysis and glycosyl composition studies of the partially purified exopolysaccharide indicate that the biofilm-associated exopolysaccharide is neither cepacian nor the previously described acidic exopolysaccharide. 28658258 3 99 theme transposon 733:742 arg1 library 744:750 a sequence defined two-allele transposon library 703:750 a sequence defined two-allele transposon library 703:750 In order to reveal the genes that regulate and/or contribute to B. pseudomallei 1026b biofilm formation, we screened a sequence defined two-allele transposon library and identified 118 transposon insertion mutants that were deficient in biofilm formation. 28658258 1 100 theme due 264:266 arg1 threat 257:262 an important public health threat 230:262 an important public health threat due to limited therapeutic options for treatment 230:311 Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is an important public health threat due to limited therapeutic options for treatment. 28658258 1 100 theme due 264:266 arg1 pseudomallei 177:188 Burkholderia pseudomallei 164:188 Burkholderia pseudomallei 164:188 Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is an important public health threat due to limited therapeutic options for treatment. 26075585 0 0 theme Carbon 104:109 arg1 Electrode 111:119 a Nano-TiO₂Cellulose Acetate Composite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode 49:119 a Nano-TiO₂Cellulose Acetate Composite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode 49:119 Electrochemical Determination of Chlorpyrifos on a Nano-TiO₂Cellulose Acetate Composite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. 26075585 13 1 theme Analytical 1495:1504 arg1 LOQ 1530:1532 LOQ 1530:1532 LOQ 1530:1532 Analytical parameters such as LOD, LOQ, and linear range were estimated. 26075585 13 1 theme Analytical 1495:1504 arg1 parameters 1506:1515 Analytical parameters 1495:1515 Analytical parameters such as LOD, LOQ, and linear range 1495:1550 Analytical parameters such as LOD, LOQ, and linear range were estimated. 26075585 13 1 theme Analytical 1495:1504 arg1 LOD 1525:1527 LOD 1525:1527 LOD 1525:1527 Analytical parameters such as LOD, LOQ, and linear range were estimated. 26075585 13 1 theme Analytical 1495:1504 arg1 range 1546:1550 linear range 1539:1550 linear range 1539:1550 Analytical parameters such as LOD, LOQ, and linear range were estimated. 26075585 1 2 theme chlorpyrifos 168:179 arg1 determination 151:163 determination 151:163 determination of chlorpyrifos 151:179 A rapid and simple method of determination of chlorpyrifos is important in environmental monitoring and quality control. 26075585 10 3 theme chlorpyrifos 1184:1195 arg1 reduction 1171:1179 the reduction 1167:1179 the reduction of chlorpyrifos in cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry 1167:1252 A well-defined peak was obtained for the reduction of chlorpyrifos in cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. 26075585 7 4 theme carbon 786:791 arg1 electrode 793:801 a biocompatible nano-TiO2/cellulose acetate modified glassy carbon electrode 726:801 a biocompatible nano-TiO2/cellulose acetate modified glassy carbon electrode 726:801 In this study a biocompatible nano-TiO2/cellulose acetate modified glassy carbon electrode was prepared by a simple method and used for the electrochemical sensing of chlorpyrifos in aqueous methanolic solution. 26075585 0 5 theme Glassy 97:102 arg1 Electrode 111:119 a Nano-TiO₂Cellulose Acetate Composite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode 49:119 a Nano-TiO₂Cellulose Acetate Composite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode 49:119 Electrochemical Determination of Chlorpyrifos on a Nano-TiO₂Cellulose Acetate Composite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. 26075585 0 6 from Determination 16:28 arg1 Electrode 111:119 a Nano-TiO₂Cellulose Acetate Composite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode 49:119 a Nano-TiO₂Cellulose Acetate Composite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode 49:119 Electrochemical Determination of Chlorpyrifos on a Nano-TiO₂Cellulose Acetate Composite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. 26075585 5 7 theme chlorpyrifos 638:649 arg1 determination 621:633 the determination 617:633 the determination of chlorpyrifos 617:649 Mercury-based electrodes have been widely used for the determination of chlorpyrifos. 26075585 7 8 theme biocompatible 728:740 arg1 electrode 793:801 a biocompatible nano-TiO2/cellulose acetate modified glassy carbon electrode 726:801 a biocompatible nano-TiO2/cellulose acetate modified glassy carbon electrode 726:801 In this study a biocompatible nano-TiO2/cellulose acetate modified glassy carbon electrode was prepared by a simple method and used for the electrochemical sensing of chlorpyrifos in aqueous methanolic solution. 26075585 8 9 theme Electroanalytical 924:940 arg1 techniques 942:951 Electroanalytical techniques 924:951 Electroanalytical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and amperometry 924:1027 Electroanalytical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and amperometry were used in this work. 26075585 8 9 theme Electroanalytical 924:940 arg1 amperometry 1017:1027 amperometry 1017:1027 amperometry 1017:1027 Electroanalytical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and amperometry were used in this work. 26075585 8 9 theme Electroanalytical 924:940 arg1 voltammetry 1000:1010 differential pulse voltammetry 981:1010 differential pulse voltammetry 981:1010 Electroanalytical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and amperometry were used in this work. 26075585 8 9 theme Electroanalytical 924:940 arg1 voltammetry 968:978 cyclic voltammetry 961:978 cyclic voltammetry 961:978 Electroanalytical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and amperometry were used in this work. 26075585 11 10 theme noise-free 1264:1273 arg1 response 1283:1290 A smooth noise-free current response 1255:1290 A smooth noise-free current response 1255:1290 A smooth noise-free current response was obtained in amperometric analysis. 26075585 6 11 theme environmental 660:672 arg1 point 674:678 an environmental point 657:678 an environmental point of view mercury 657:694 From an environmental point of view mercury cannot be used. 26075585 7 12 theme modified 770:777 arg1 electrode 793:801 a biocompatible nano-TiO2/cellulose acetate modified glassy carbon electrode 726:801 a biocompatible nano-TiO2/cellulose acetate modified glassy carbon electrode 726:801 In this study a biocompatible nano-TiO2/cellulose acetate modified glassy carbon electrode was prepared by a simple method and used for the electrochemical sensing of chlorpyrifos in aqueous methanolic solution. 26075585 6 13 theme view 683:686 arg1 mercury 688:694 view mercury 683:694 view mercury 683:694 From an environmental point of view mercury cannot be used. 26075585 4 14 theme more 516:519 arg1 sensitivity 521:531 more sensitivity 516:531 more sensitivity 516:531 The electrode materials should have good stability, reproducibility, more sensitivity, and easy method of preparation. 26075585 11 15 theme current 1275:1281 arg1 response 1283:1290 A smooth noise-free current response 1255:1290 A smooth noise-free current response 1255:1290 A smooth noise-free current response was obtained in amperometric analysis. 26075585 7 16 theme glassy 779:784 arg1 electrode 793:801 a biocompatible nano-TiO2/cellulose acetate modified glassy carbon electrode 726:801 a biocompatible nano-TiO2/cellulose acetate modified glassy carbon electrode 726:801 In this study a biocompatible nano-TiO2/cellulose acetate modified glassy carbon electrode was prepared by a simple method and used for the electrochemical sensing of chlorpyrifos in aqueous methanolic solution. 26075585 16 17 theme mercury 1714:1720 arg1 electrodes 1722:1731 mercury electrodes 1714:1731 mercury electrodes reported in the literature 1714:1758 This composite electrode can be used as an alternative to mercury electrodes reported in the literature. 26075585 16 18 used used 1688:1691 arg2 electrode 1671:1679 This composite electrode 1656:1679 This composite electrode 1656:1679 This composite electrode can be used as an alternative to mercury electrodes reported in the literature. 26075585 16 18 used used 1688:1691 arg2 alternative 1699:1709 an alternative 1696:1709 an alternative to mercury electrodes reported in the literature 1696:1758 This composite electrode can be used as an alternative to mercury electrodes reported in the literature. 26075585 14 19 theme samples 1585:1591 arg1 Analysis 1568:1575 Analysis 1568:1575 Analysis of real samples 1568:1591 Analysis of real samples was also carried out. 26075585 12 20 theme chlorpyrifos 1398:1409 arg1 concentration 1381:1393 the concentration 1377:1393 the concentration of chlorpyrifos 1377:1409 The peak current obtained was proportional to the concentration of chlorpyrifos and was used to determine the unknown concentration of chlorpyrifos in the samples. 26075585 0 21 theme Nano-TiO₂Cellulose 51:68 arg1 Electrode 111:119 a Nano-TiO₂Cellulose Acetate Composite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode 49:119 a Nano-TiO₂Cellulose Acetate Composite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode 49:119 Electrochemical Determination of Chlorpyrifos on a Nano-TiO₂Cellulose Acetate Composite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. 26075585 3 22 theme suitable 417:424 arg1 materials 436:444 suitable electrode materials 417:444 suitable electrode materials 417:444 The key factor in electrochemical methods is the choice of suitable electrode materials. 26075585 7 23 theme methanolic 903:912 arg1 solution 914:921 aqueous methanolic solution 895:921 aqueous methanolic solution 895:921 In this study a biocompatible nano-TiO2/cellulose acetate modified glassy carbon electrode was prepared by a simple method and used for the electrochemical sensing of chlorpyrifos in aqueous methanolic solution. 26075585 4 24 contain have 478:481 arg2 reproducibility 499:513 reproducibility 499:513 reproducibility 499:513 The electrode materials should have good stability, reproducibility, more sensitivity, and easy method of preparation. 26075585 4 24 contain have 478:481 arg2 stability 488:496 good stability 483:496 good stability 483:496 The electrode materials should have good stability, reproducibility, more sensitivity, and easy method of preparation. 26075585 4 24 contain have 478:481 arg2 method 543:548 easy method 538:548 easy method 538:548 The electrode materials should have good stability, reproducibility, more sensitivity, and easy method of preparation. 26075585 4 24 contain have 478:481 arg1 materials 461:469 The electrode materials 447:469 The electrode materials 447:469 The electrode materials should have good stability, reproducibility, more sensitivity, and easy method of preparation. 26075585 4 24 contain have 478:481 arg2 sensitivity 521:531 more sensitivity 516:531 more sensitivity 516:531 The electrode materials should have good stability, reproducibility, more sensitivity, and easy method of preparation. 26075585 3 25 theme key 362:364 arg1 factor 366:371 The key factor 358:371 The key factor in electrochemical methods 358:398 The key factor in electrochemical methods is the choice of suitable electrode materials. 26075585 3 25 theme key 362:364 arg1 choice 407:412 the choice 403:412 the choice of suitable electrode materials 403:444 The key factor in electrochemical methods is the choice of suitable electrode materials. 26075585 8 26 theme differential 981:992 arg1 voltammetry 1000:1010 differential pulse voltammetry 981:1010 differential pulse voltammetry 981:1010 Electroanalytical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and amperometry were used in this work. 26075585 1 27 theme environmental 197:209 arg1 monitoring 211:220 environmental monitoring 197:220 environmental monitoring 197:220 A rapid and simple method of determination of chlorpyrifos is important in environmental monitoring and quality control. 26075585 0 28 theme Electrochemical 0:14 arg1 Determination 16:28 Electrochemical Determination 0:28 Electrochemical Determination of Chlorpyrifos on a Nano-TiO₂Cellulose Acetate Composite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. 0:120 Electrochemical Determination of Chlorpyrifos on a Nano-TiO₂Cellulose Acetate Composite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. 26075585 7 29 theme electrochemical 852:866 arg1 sensing 868:874 the electrochemical sensing 848:874 the electrochemical sensing of chlorpyrifos in aqueous methanolic solution 848:921 In this study a biocompatible nano-TiO2/cellulose acetate modified glassy carbon electrode was prepared by a simple method and used for the electrochemical sensing of chlorpyrifos in aqueous methanolic solution. 26075585 7 30 from sensing 868:874 arg1 solution 914:921 aqueous methanolic solution 895:921 aqueous methanolic solution 895:921 In this study a biocompatible nano-TiO2/cellulose acetate modified glassy carbon electrode was prepared by a simple method and used for the electrochemical sensing of chlorpyrifos in aqueous methanolic solution. 26075585 13 31 theme linear 1539:1544 arg1 range 1546:1550 linear range 1539:1550 linear range 1539:1550 Analytical parameters such as LOD, LOQ, and linear range were estimated. 26075585 7 32 theme acetate 762:768 arg1 electrode 793:801 a biocompatible nano-TiO2/cellulose acetate modified glassy carbon electrode 726:801 a biocompatible nano-TiO2/cellulose acetate modified glassy carbon electrode 726:801 In this study a biocompatible nano-TiO2/cellulose acetate modified glassy carbon electrode was prepared by a simple method and used for the electrochemical sensing of chlorpyrifos in aqueous methanolic solution. 26075585 0 33 theme Chlorpyrifos 33:44 arg1 Determination 16:28 Electrochemical Determination 0:28 Electrochemical Determination of Chlorpyrifos on a Nano-TiO₂Cellulose Acetate Composite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. 0:120 Electrochemical Determination of Chlorpyrifos on a Nano-TiO₂Cellulose Acetate Composite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. 26075585 7 34 theme aqueous 895:901 arg1 solution 914:921 aqueous methanolic solution 895:921 aqueous methanolic solution 895:921 In this study a biocompatible nano-TiO2/cellulose acetate modified glassy carbon electrode was prepared by a simple method and used for the electrochemical sensing of chlorpyrifos in aqueous methanolic solution. 26075585 10 35 theme cyclic 1200:1205 arg1 voltammetry 1207:1217 cyclic voltammetry 1200:1217 cyclic voltammetry 1200:1217 A well-defined peak was obtained for the reduction of chlorpyrifos in cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. 26075585 16 36 theme composite 1661:1669 arg1 alternative 1699:1709 an alternative 1696:1709 an alternative to mercury electrodes reported in the literature 1696:1758 This composite electrode can be used as an alternative to mercury electrodes reported in the literature. 26075585 16 36 theme composite 1661:1669 arg1 electrode 1671:1679 This composite electrode 1656:1679 This composite electrode 1656:1679 This composite electrode can be used as an alternative to mercury electrodes reported in the literature. 26075585 7 37 theme nano-TiO2/cellulose 742:760 arg1 electrode 793:801 a biocompatible nano-TiO2/cellulose acetate modified glassy carbon electrode 726:801 a biocompatible nano-TiO2/cellulose acetate modified glassy carbon electrode 726:801 In this study a biocompatible nano-TiO2/cellulose acetate modified glassy carbon electrode was prepared by a simple method and used for the electrochemical sensing of chlorpyrifos in aqueous methanolic solution. 26075585 1 38 theme rapid 124:128 arg1 method 141:146 A rapid and simple method 122:146 A rapid and simple method of determination of chlorpyrifos 122:179 A rapid and simple method of determination of chlorpyrifos is important in environmental monitoring and quality control. 26075585 1 38 theme rapid 124:128 arg1 important 184:192 important 184:192 important 184:192 A rapid and simple method of determination of chlorpyrifos is important in environmental monitoring and quality control. 26075585 8 39 theme pulse 994:998 arg1 voltammetry 1000:1010 differential pulse voltammetry 981:1010 differential pulse voltammetry 981:1010 Electroanalytical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and amperometry were used in this work. 26075585 1 40 theme quality 226:232 arg1 control 234:240 quality control 226:240 quality control 226:240 A rapid and simple method of determination of chlorpyrifos is important in environmental monitoring and quality control. 26075585 10 41 from reduction 1171:1179 arg1 voltammetry 1207:1217 cyclic voltammetry 1200:1217 cyclic voltammetry 1200:1217 A well-defined peak was obtained for the reduction of chlorpyrifos in cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. 26075585 10 41 from reduction 1171:1179 arg1 voltammetry 1242:1252 differential pulse voltammetry 1223:1252 differential pulse voltammetry 1223:1252 A well-defined peak was obtained for the reduction of chlorpyrifos in cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. 26075585 12 42 theme peak 1335:1338 arg1 current 1340:1346 The peak current 1331:1346 The peak current obtained 1331:1355 The peak current obtained was proportional to the concentration of chlorpyrifos and was used to determine the unknown concentration of chlorpyrifos in the samples. 26075585 12 42 theme peak 1335:1338 arg1 proportional 1361:1372 proportional 1361:1372 proportional 1361:1372 The peak current obtained was proportional to the concentration of chlorpyrifos and was used to determine the unknown concentration of chlorpyrifos in the samples. 26075585 11 43 theme amperometric 1308:1319 arg1 analysis 1321:1328 amperometric analysis 1308:1328 amperometric analysis 1308:1328 A smooth noise-free current response was obtained in amperometric analysis. 26075585 4 44 theme good 483:486 arg1 stability 488:496 good stability 483:496 good stability 483:496 The electrode materials should have good stability, reproducibility, more sensitivity, and easy method of preparation. 26075585 7 45 theme chlorpyrifos 879:890 arg1 sensing 868:874 the electrochemical sensing 848:874 the electrochemical sensing of chlorpyrifos in aqueous methanolic solution 848:921 In this study a biocompatible nano-TiO2/cellulose acetate modified glassy carbon electrode was prepared by a simple method and used for the electrochemical sensing of chlorpyrifos in aqueous methanolic solution. 26075585 10 46 theme pulse 1236:1240 arg1 voltammetry 1242:1252 differential pulse voltammetry 1223:1252 differential pulse voltammetry 1223:1252 A well-defined peak was obtained for the reduction of chlorpyrifos in cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. 26075585 12 47 theme unknown 1441:1447 arg1 concentration 1449:1461 the unknown concentration 1437:1461 the unknown concentration of chlorpyrifos in the samples 1437:1492 The peak current obtained was proportional to the concentration of chlorpyrifos and was used to determine the unknown concentration of chlorpyrifos in the samples. 26075585 1 48 from control 234:240 arg1 method 141:146 A rapid and simple method 122:146 A rapid and simple method of determination of chlorpyrifos 122:179 A rapid and simple method of determination of chlorpyrifos is important in environmental monitoring and quality control. 26075585 1 48 from control 234:240 arg1 important 184:192 important 184:192 important 184:192 A rapid and simple method of determination of chlorpyrifos is important in environmental monitoring and quality control. 26075585 3 49 theme electrochemical 376:390 arg1 methods 392:398 electrochemical methods 376:398 electrochemical methods 376:398 The key factor in electrochemical methods is the choice of suitable electrode materials. 26075585 3 50 theme electrode 426:434 arg1 materials 436:444 suitable electrode materials 417:444 suitable electrode materials 417:444 The key factor in electrochemical methods is the choice of suitable electrode materials. 26075585 4 51 theme preparation 553:563 arg1 sensitivity 521:531 more sensitivity 516:531 more sensitivity 516:531 The electrode materials should have good stability, reproducibility, more sensitivity, and easy method of preparation. 26075585 4 51 theme preparation 553:563 arg1 stability 488:496 good stability 483:496 good stability 483:496 The electrode materials should have good stability, reproducibility, more sensitivity, and easy method of preparation. 26075585 4 51 theme preparation 553:563 arg1 method 543:548 easy method 538:548 easy method 538:548 The electrode materials should have good stability, reproducibility, more sensitivity, and easy method of preparation. 26075585 4 51 theme preparation 553:563 arg1 reproducibility 499:513 reproducibility 499:513 reproducibility 499:513 The electrode materials should have good stability, reproducibility, more sensitivity, and easy method of preparation. 26075585 0 52 theme Composite 78:86 arg1 Electrode 111:119 a Nano-TiO₂Cellulose Acetate Composite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode 49:119 a Nano-TiO₂Cellulose Acetate Composite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode 49:119 Electrochemical Determination of Chlorpyrifos on a Nano-TiO₂Cellulose Acetate Composite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. 26075585 12 53 theme chlorpyrifos 1466:1477 arg1 concentration 1449:1461 the unknown concentration 1437:1461 the unknown concentration of chlorpyrifos in the samples 1437:1492 The peak current obtained was proportional to the concentration of chlorpyrifos and was used to determine the unknown concentration of chlorpyrifos in the samples. 26075585 3 54 theme materials 436:444 arg1 factor 366:371 The key factor 358:371 The key factor in electrochemical methods 358:398 The key factor in electrochemical methods is the choice of suitable electrode materials. 26075585 3 54 theme materials 436:444 arg1 choice 407:412 the choice 403:412 the choice of suitable electrode materials 403:444 The key factor in electrochemical methods is the choice of suitable electrode materials. 26075585 7 55 theme simple 821:826 arg1 method 828:833 a simple method 819:833 a simple method 819:833 In this study a biocompatible nano-TiO2/cellulose acetate modified glassy carbon electrode was prepared by a simple method and used for the electrochemical sensing of chlorpyrifos in aqueous methanolic solution. 26075585 10 56 theme well-defined 1132:1143 arg1 peak 1145:1148 A well-defined peak 1130:1148 A well-defined peak 1130:1148 A well-defined peak was obtained for the reduction of chlorpyrifos in cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. 26075585 2 57 theme Electrochemical 243:257 arg1 methods 259:265 Electrochemical methods 243:265 Electrochemical methods for the determination of pesticides 243:301 Electrochemical methods for the determination of pesticides are fast, sensitive, reproducible, and cost-effective. 26075585 8 58 used used 1034:1037 arg2 techniques 942:951 Electroanalytical techniques 924:951 Electroanalytical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and amperometry 924:1027 Electroanalytical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and amperometry were used in this work. 26075585 8 58 used used 1034:1037 arg2 amperometry 1017:1027 amperometry 1017:1027 amperometry 1017:1027 Electroanalytical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and amperometry were used in this work. 26075585 8 58 used used 1034:1037 arg2 voltammetry 968:978 cyclic voltammetry 961:978 cyclic voltammetry 961:978 Electroanalytical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and amperometry were used in this work. 26075585 8 58 used used 1034:1037 arg2 voltammetry 1000:1010 differential pulse voltammetry 981:1010 differential pulse voltammetry 981:1010 Electroanalytical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and amperometry were used in this work. 26075585 1 59 theme simple 134:139 arg1 method 141:146 A rapid and simple method 122:146 A rapid and simple method of determination of chlorpyrifos 122:179 A rapid and simple method of determination of chlorpyrifos is important in environmental monitoring and quality control. 26075585 1 59 theme simple 134:139 arg1 important 184:192 important 184:192 important 184:192 A rapid and simple method of determination of chlorpyrifos is important in environmental monitoring and quality control. 26075585 12 60 used used 1419:1422 arg2 proportional 1361:1372 proportional 1361:1372 proportional 1361:1372 The peak current obtained was proportional to the concentration of chlorpyrifos and was used to determine the unknown concentration of chlorpyrifos in the samples. 26075585 12 60 used used 1419:1422 arg2 current 1340:1346 The peak current 1331:1346 The peak current obtained 1331:1355 The peak current obtained was proportional to the concentration of chlorpyrifos and was used to determine the unknown concentration of chlorpyrifos in the samples. 26075585 10 61 theme differential 1223:1234 arg1 voltammetry 1242:1252 differential pulse voltammetry 1223:1252 differential pulse voltammetry 1223:1252 A well-defined peak was obtained for the reduction of chlorpyrifos in cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. 26075585 4 62 theme electrode 451:459 arg1 materials 461:469 The electrode materials 447:469 The electrode materials 447:469 The electrode materials should have good stability, reproducibility, more sensitivity, and easy method of preparation. 26075585 5 63 theme Mercury-based 566:578 arg1 electrodes 580:589 Mercury-based electrodes 566:589 Mercury-based electrodes 566:589 Mercury-based electrodes have been widely used for the determination of chlorpyrifos. 26075585 11 64 theme smooth 1257:1262 arg1 response 1283:1290 A smooth noise-free current response 1255:1290 A smooth noise-free current response 1255:1290 A smooth noise-free current response was obtained in amperometric analysis. 26075585 7 65 used used 839:842 arg2 electrode 793:801 a biocompatible nano-TiO2/cellulose acetate modified glassy carbon electrode 726:801 a biocompatible nano-TiO2/cellulose acetate modified glassy carbon electrode 726:801 In this study a biocompatible nano-TiO2/cellulose acetate modified glassy carbon electrode was prepared by a simple method and used for the electrochemical sensing of chlorpyrifos in aqueous methanolic solution. 26075585 2 66 theme pesticides 292:301 arg1 determination 275:287 the determination 271:287 the determination of pesticides 271:301 Electrochemical methods for the determination of pesticides are fast, sensitive, reproducible, and cost-effective. 26075585 14 67 theme real 1580:1583 arg1 samples 1585:1591 real samples 1580:1591 real samples 1580:1591 Analysis of real samples was also carried out. 26075585 12 68 from concentration 1449:1461 arg1 samples 1486:1492 the samples 1482:1492 the samples 1482:1492 The peak current obtained was proportional to the concentration of chlorpyrifos and was used to determine the unknown concentration of chlorpyrifos in the samples. 26075585 8 69 theme cyclic 961:966 arg1 voltammetry 968:978 cyclic voltammetry 961:978 cyclic voltammetry 961:978 Electroanalytical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and amperometry were used in this work. 26075585 0 70 theme Modified 88:95 arg1 Electrode 111:119 a Nano-TiO₂Cellulose Acetate Composite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode 49:119 a Nano-TiO₂Cellulose Acetate Composite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode 49:119 Electrochemical Determination of Chlorpyrifos on a Nano-TiO₂Cellulose Acetate Composite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. 26075585 3 71 from factor 366:371 arg1 methods 392:398 electrochemical methods 376:398 electrochemical methods 376:398 The key factor in electrochemical methods is the choice of suitable electrode materials. 26075585 1 72 from monitoring 211:220 arg1 method 141:146 A rapid and simple method 122:146 A rapid and simple method of determination of chlorpyrifos 122:179 A rapid and simple method of determination of chlorpyrifos is important in environmental monitoring and quality control. 26075585 1 72 from monitoring 211:220 arg1 important 184:192 important 184:192 important 184:192 A rapid and simple method of determination of chlorpyrifos is important in environmental monitoring and quality control. 26075585 1 73 theme determination 151:163 arg1 method 141:146 A rapid and simple method 122:146 A rapid and simple method of determination of chlorpyrifos 122:179 A rapid and simple method of determination of chlorpyrifos is important in environmental monitoring and quality control. 26075585 1 73 theme determination 151:163 arg1 important 184:192 important 184:192 important 184:192 A rapid and simple method of determination of chlorpyrifos is important in environmental monitoring and quality control. 26075585 6 74 theme mercury 688:694 arg1 point 674:678 an environmental point 657:678 an environmental point of view mercury 657:694 From an environmental point of view mercury cannot be used. 26075585 9 75 theme good 1080:1083 arg1 stability 1085:1093 stability 1085:1093 stability 1085:1093 This electrode showed very good stability, reproducibility, and sensitivity. 26075585 0 76 theme Acetate 70:76 arg1 Electrode 111:119 a Nano-TiO₂Cellulose Acetate Composite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode 49:119 a Nano-TiO₂Cellulose Acetate Composite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode 49:119 Electrochemical Determination of Chlorpyrifos on a Nano-TiO₂Cellulose Acetate Composite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. 26075585 4 77 theme easy 538:541 arg1 method 543:548 easy method 538:548 easy method 538:548 The electrode materials should have good stability, reproducibility, more sensitivity, and easy method of preparation. 26075585 1 78 from important 184:192 arg1 monitoring 211:220 environmental monitoring 197:220 environmental monitoring 197:220 A rapid and simple method of determination of chlorpyrifos is important in environmental monitoring and quality control. 26075585 1 78 from important 184:192 arg1 control 234:240 quality control 226:240 quality control 226:240 A rapid and simple method of determination of chlorpyrifos is important in environmental monitoring and quality control. 26075585 5 79 used used 608:611 arg2 electrodes 580:589 Mercury-based electrodes 566:589 Mercury-based electrodes 566:589 Mercury-based electrodes have been widely used for the determination of chlorpyrifos. 27856710 5 0 theme xylan 778:782 arg1 substitution 793:804 xylan backbone substitution 778:804 xylan backbone substitution 778:804 Compositional assays were combined with analysis of the glycosyltransferase family 61 (GT61) family during seed coat development, with the aim of identifying GT61 sequences participating in xylan backbone substitution. 27856710 4 1 theme Plantago 488:495 arg1 genus 497:501 the Plantago genus 484:501 the Plantago genus 484:501 In this study we have utilized natural variation within the Plantago genus to examine variation in heteroxylan composition and structure in seed coat mucilage. 27856710 9 2 theme seed 1457:1460 arg1 development 1467:1477 seed coat development 1457:1477 seed coat development 1457:1477 Our results indicate that natural variation in Plantago species can be exploited to reveal novel details of seed coat development and polysaccharide biosynthetic pathways. 27856710 0 3 theme mucilage 78:85 arg1 composition 87:97 seed coat mucilage composition 68:97 seed coat mucilage composition in Plantago spp 68:113 Differences in glycosyltransferase family 61 accompany variation in seed coat mucilage composition in Plantago spp. 27856710 4 4 from variation 514:522 arg1 structure 555:563 structure 555:563 structure 555:563 In this study we have utilized natural variation within the Plantago genus to examine variation in heteroxylan composition and structure in seed coat mucilage. 27856710 4 4 from variation 514:522 arg1 composition 539:549 heteroxylan composition 527:549 heteroxylan composition 527:549 In this study we have utilized natural variation within the Plantago genus to examine variation in heteroxylan composition and structure in seed coat mucilage. 27856710 4 4 from variation 514:522 arg1 mucilage 578:585 seed coat mucilage 568:585 seed coat mucilage 568:585 In this study we have utilized natural variation within the Plantago genus to examine variation in heteroxylan composition and structure in seed coat mucilage. 27856710 9 5 theme biosynthetic 1498:1509 arg1 pathways 1511:1518 polysaccharide biosynthetic pathways 1483:1518 polysaccharide biosynthetic pathways 1483:1518 Our results indicate that natural variation in Plantago species can be exploited to reveal novel details of seed coat development and polysaccharide biosynthetic pathways. 27856710 7 6 theme xylan 1149:1153 arg1 genes 1120:1124 IRREGULAR XYLEM 10 genes 1101:1124 IRREGULAR XYLEM 10 genes 1101:1124 Analysis of the GT61 family identified specific sequences co-expressed with IRREGULAR XYLEM 10 genes, which encode putative xylan synthases, revealing a close temporal association between xylan synthesis and substitution. 27856710 7 6 theme xylan 1149:1153 arg1 synthases 1155:1163 putative xylan synthases 1140:1163 putative xylan synthases 1140:1163 Analysis of the GT61 family identified specific sequences co-expressed with IRREGULAR XYLEM 10 genes, which encode putative xylan synthases, revealing a close temporal association between xylan synthesis and substitution. 27856710 3 7 theme genes 353:357 arg1 details 338:344 details 338:344 details of the genes and biochemical pathways controlling their biosynthesis 338:413 Despite the abundance of xylans in nature, details of the genes and biochemical pathways controlling their biosynthesis are lacking. 27856710 0 8 from Differences 0:10 arg1 family 35:40 glycosyltransferase family 61 15:43 glycosyltransferase family 61 15:43 Differences in glycosyltransferase family 61 accompany variation in seed coat mucilage composition in Plantago spp. 27856710 7 9 theme putative 1140:1147 arg1 genes 1120:1124 IRREGULAR XYLEM 10 genes 1101:1124 IRREGULAR XYLEM 10 genes 1101:1124 Analysis of the GT61 family identified specific sequences co-expressed with IRREGULAR XYLEM 10 genes, which encode putative xylan synthases, revealing a close temporal association between xylan synthesis and substitution. 27856710 7 9 theme putative 1140:1147 arg1 synthases 1155:1163 putative xylan synthases 1140:1163 putative xylan synthases 1140:1163 Analysis of the GT61 family identified specific sequences co-expressed with IRREGULAR XYLEM 10 genes, which encode putative xylan synthases, revealing a close temporal association between xylan synthesis and substitution. 27856710 6 10 theme backbone 993:1000 arg1 profiles 1015:1022 heteroxylan but different backbone substitution profiles 967:1022 heteroxylan but different backbone substitution profiles 967:1022 The results reveal natural variation in heteroxylan content and structure, particularly in P. ovata and P. cunninghamii, species which show a similar amount of heteroxylan but different backbone substitution profiles. 27856710 5 11 theme family 681:686 arg1 analysis 628:635 analysis 628:635 analysis of the glycosyltransferase family 61 (GT61) family during seed coat development 628:715 Compositional assays were combined with analysis of the glycosyltransferase family 61 (GT61) family during seed coat development, with the aim of identifying GT61 sequences participating in xylan backbone substitution. 27856710 6 12 theme natural 826:832 arg1 variation 834:842 natural variation 826:842 natural variation in heteroxylan content and structure 826:879 The results reveal natural variation in heteroxylan content and structure, particularly in P. ovata and P. cunninghamii, species which show a similar amount of heteroxylan but different backbone substitution profiles. 27856710 6 13 theme substitution 1002:1013 arg1 profiles 1015:1022 heteroxylan but different backbone substitution profiles 967:1022 heteroxylan but different backbone substitution profiles 967:1022 The results reveal natural variation in heteroxylan content and structure, particularly in P. ovata and P. cunninghamii, species which show a similar amount of heteroxylan but different backbone substitution profiles. 27856710 5 14 theme backbone 784:791 arg1 substitution 793:804 xylan backbone substitution 778:804 xylan backbone substitution 778:804 Compositional assays were combined with analysis of the glycosyltransferase family 61 (GT61) family during seed coat development, with the aim of identifying GT61 sequences participating in xylan backbone substitution. 27856710 0 15 from variation 55:63 arg1 composition 87:97 seed coat mucilage composition 68:97 seed coat mucilage composition in Plantago spp 68:113 Differences in glycosyltransferase family 61 accompany variation in seed coat mucilage composition in Plantago spp. 27856710 9 16 from variation 1383:1391 arg1 species 1405:1411 Plantago species 1396:1411 Plantago species 1396:1411 Our results indicate that natural variation in Plantago species can be exploited to reveal novel details of seed coat development and polysaccharide biosynthetic pathways. 27856710 8 17 from orthologues 1317:1327 arg1 cunninghamii 1335:1346 P. cunninghamii 1332:1346 P. cunninghamii 1332:1346 Moreover, in P. ovata, several abundant GT61 sequences appear to lack orthologues in P. cunninghamii. 27856710 8 18 theme GT61 1287:1290 arg1 sequences 1292:1300 several abundant GT61 sequences 1270:1300 several abundant GT61 sequences 1270:1300 Moreover, in P. ovata, several abundant GT61 sequences appear to lack orthologues in P. cunninghamii. 27856710 7 19 dep identified 1053:1062 arg1 co-expressed 1083:1094 co-expressed 1083:1094 identified specific sequences co-expressed with IRREGULAR XYLEM 10 genes, which encode putative xylan synthases, revealing a close temporal association between xylan synthesis and substitution 1053:1244 Analysis of the GT61 family identified specific sequences co-expressed with IRREGULAR XYLEM 10 genes, which encode putative xylan synthases, revealing a close temporal association between xylan synthesis and substitution. 27856710 9 20 theme coat 1462:1465 arg1 development 1467:1477 seed coat development 1457:1477 seed coat development 1457:1477 Our results indicate that natural variation in Plantago species can be exploited to reveal novel details of seed coat development and polysaccharide biosynthetic pathways. 27856710 1 21 located found 175:179 arg2 polysaccharide 160:173 the most abundant non-cellulosic polysaccharide 127:173 the most abundant non-cellulosic polysaccharide found in plant cell walls 127:199 Xylans are the most abundant non-cellulosic polysaccharide found in plant cell walls. 27856710 1 21 located found 175:179 arg1 walls 195:199 plant cell walls 184:199 plant cell walls 184:199 Xylans are the most abundant non-cellulosic polysaccharide found in plant cell walls. 27856710 1 21 located found 175:179 arg2 Xylans 116:121 Xylans 116:121 Xylans 116:121 Xylans are the most abundant non-cellulosic polysaccharide found in plant cell walls. 27856710 5 22 theme glycosyltransferase 644:662 arg1 family 681:686 the glycosyltransferase family 61 (GT61) family 640:686 the glycosyltransferase family 61 (GT61) family during seed coat development 640:715 Compositional assays were combined with analysis of the glycosyltransferase family 61 (GT61) family during seed coat development, with the aim of identifying GT61 sequences participating in xylan backbone substitution. 27856710 1 23 theme plant 184:188 arg1 walls 195:199 plant cell walls 184:199 plant cell walls 184:199 Xylans are the most abundant non-cellulosic polysaccharide found in plant cell walls. 27856710 7 24 theme xylan 1213:1217 arg1 synthesis 1219:1227 xylan synthesis 1213:1227 xylan synthesis 1213:1227 Analysis of the GT61 family identified specific sequences co-expressed with IRREGULAR XYLEM 10 genes, which encode putative xylan synthases, revealing a close temporal association between xylan synthesis and substitution. 27856710 4 25 used utilized 450:457 arg2 we 442:443 we 442:443 we 442:443 In this study we have utilized natural variation within the Plantago genus to examine variation in heteroxylan composition and structure in seed coat mucilage. 27856710 5 26 theme family 664:669 arg1 family 681:686 the glycosyltransferase family 61 (GT61) family 640:686 the glycosyltransferase family 61 (GT61) family during seed coat development 640:715 Compositional assays were combined with analysis of the glycosyltransferase family 61 (GT61) family during seed coat development, with the aim of identifying GT61 sequences participating in xylan backbone substitution. 27856710 5 27 theme Compositional 588:600 arg1 assays 602:607 Compositional assays 588:607 Compositional assays 588:607 Compositional assays were combined with analysis of the glycosyltransferase family 61 (GT61) family during seed coat development, with the aim of identifying GT61 sequences participating in xylan backbone substitution. 27856710 5 28 theme seed 695:698 arg1 development 705:715 seed coat development 695:715 seed coat development 695:715 Compositional assays were combined with analysis of the glycosyltransferase family 61 (GT61) family during seed coat development, with the aim of identifying GT61 sequences participating in xylan backbone substitution. 27856710 1 29 theme cell 190:193 arg1 walls 195:199 plant cell walls 184:199 plant cell walls 184:199 Xylans are the most abundant non-cellulosic polysaccharide found in plant cell walls. 27856710 9 30 theme natural 1375:1381 arg1 variation 1383:1391 natural variation 1375:1391 natural variation in Plantago species 1375:1411 Our results indicate that natural variation in Plantago species can be exploited to reveal novel details of seed coat development and polysaccharide biosynthetic pathways. 27856710 4 31 theme seed 568:571 arg1 mucilage 578:585 seed coat mucilage 568:585 seed coat mucilage 568:585 In this study we have utilized natural variation within the Plantago genus to examine variation in heteroxylan composition and structure in seed coat mucilage. 27856710 8 32 theme several 1270:1276 arg1 sequences 1292:1300 several abundant GT61 sequences 1270:1300 several abundant GT61 sequences 1270:1300 Moreover, in P. ovata, several abundant GT61 sequences appear to lack orthologues in P. cunninghamii. 27856710 6 33 from variation 834:842 arg1 structure 871:879 structure 871:879 structure 871:879 The results reveal natural variation in heteroxylan content and structure, particularly in P. ovata and P. cunninghamii, species which show a similar amount of heteroxylan but different backbone substitution profiles. 27856710 6 33 from variation 834:842 arg1 content 859:865 heteroxylan content 847:865 heteroxylan content 847:865 The results reveal natural variation in heteroxylan content and structure, particularly in P. ovata and P. cunninghamii, species which show a similar amount of heteroxylan but different backbone substitution profiles. 27856710 3 34 theme biochemical 363:373 arg1 pathways 375:382 biochemical pathways 363:382 biochemical pathways 363:382 Despite the abundance of xylans in nature, details of the genes and biochemical pathways controlling their biosynthesis are lacking. 27856710 6 35 theme different 983:991 arg1 profiles 1015:1022 heteroxylan but different backbone substitution profiles 967:1022 heteroxylan but different backbone substitution profiles 967:1022 The results reveal natural variation in heteroxylan content and structure, particularly in P. ovata and P. cunninghamii, species which show a similar amount of heteroxylan but different backbone substitution profiles. 27856710 7 36 theme XYLEM 1111:1115 arg1 genes 1120:1124 IRREGULAR XYLEM 10 genes 1101:1124 IRREGULAR XYLEM 10 genes 1101:1124 Analysis of the GT61 family identified specific sequences co-expressed with IRREGULAR XYLEM 10 genes, which encode putative xylan synthases, revealing a close temporal association between xylan synthesis and substitution. 27856710 7 36 theme XYLEM 1111:1115 arg1 synthases 1155:1163 putative xylan synthases 1140:1163 putative xylan synthases 1140:1163 Analysis of the GT61 family identified specific sequences co-expressed with IRREGULAR XYLEM 10 genes, which encode putative xylan synthases, revealing a close temporal association between xylan synthesis and substitution. 27856710 9 37 theme development 1467:1477 arg1 details 1446:1452 novel details 1440:1452 novel details of seed coat development and polysaccharide biosynthetic pathways 1440:1518 Our results indicate that natural variation in Plantago species can be exploited to reveal novel details of seed coat development and polysaccharide biosynthetic pathways. 27856710 7 38 theme family 1046:1051 arg1 Analysis 1025:1032 Analysis 1025:1032 Analysis of the GT61 family 1025:1051 Analysis of the GT61 family identified specific sequences co-expressed with IRREGULAR XYLEM 10 genes, which encode putative xylan synthases, revealing a close temporal association between xylan synthesis and substitution. 27856710 3 39 theme pathways 375:382 arg1 details 338:344 details 338:344 details of the genes and biochemical pathways controlling their biosynthesis 338:413 Despite the abundance of xylans in nature, details of the genes and biochemical pathways controlling their biosynthesis are lacking. 27856710 0 40 from composition 87:97 arg1 Plantago 102:109 Plantago 102:109 Plantago 102:109 Differences in glycosyltransferase family 61 accompany variation in seed coat mucilage composition in Plantago spp. 27856710 7 41 theme temporal 1184:1191 arg1 association 1193:1203 a close temporal association 1176:1203 a close temporal association between xylan synthesis and substitution 1176:1244 Analysis of the GT61 family identified specific sequences co-expressed with IRREGULAR XYLEM 10 genes, which encode putative xylan synthases, revealing a close temporal association between xylan synthesis and substitution. 27856710 7 42 theme close 1178:1182 arg1 association 1193:1203 a close temporal association 1176:1203 a close temporal association between xylan synthesis and substitution 1176:1244 Analysis of the GT61 family identified specific sequences co-expressed with IRREGULAR XYLEM 10 genes, which encode putative xylan synthases, revealing a close temporal association between xylan synthesis and substitution. 27856710 4 43 theme coat 573:576 arg1 mucilage 578:585 seed coat mucilage 568:585 seed coat mucilage 568:585 In this study we have utilized natural variation within the Plantago genus to examine variation in heteroxylan composition and structure in seed coat mucilage. 27856710 6 44 theme heteroxylan 967:977 arg1 profiles 1015:1022 heteroxylan but different backbone substitution profiles 967:1022 heteroxylan but different backbone substitution profiles 967:1022 The results reveal natural variation in heteroxylan content and structure, particularly in P. ovata and P. cunninghamii, species which show a similar amount of heteroxylan but different backbone substitution profiles. 27856710 8 45 theme abundant 1278:1285 arg1 sequences 1292:1300 several abundant GT61 sequences 1270:1300 several abundant GT61 sequences 1270:1300 Moreover, in P. ovata, several abundant GT61 sequences appear to lack orthologues in P. cunninghamii. 27856710 0 46 theme glycosyltransferase 15:33 arg1 family 35:40 glycosyltransferase family 61 15:43 glycosyltransferase family 61 15:43 Differences in glycosyltransferase family 61 accompany variation in seed coat mucilage composition in Plantago spp. 27856710 9 47 theme Plantago 1396:1403 arg1 species 1405:1411 Plantago species 1396:1411 Plantago species 1396:1411 Our results indicate that natural variation in Plantago species can be exploited to reveal novel details of seed coat development and polysaccharide biosynthetic pathways. 27856710 7 48 theme IRREGULAR 1101:1109 arg1 genes 1120:1124 IRREGULAR XYLEM 10 genes 1101:1124 IRREGULAR XYLEM 10 genes 1101:1124 Analysis of the GT61 family identified specific sequences co-expressed with IRREGULAR XYLEM 10 genes, which encode putative xylan synthases, revealing a close temporal association between xylan synthesis and substitution. 27856710 7 48 theme IRREGULAR 1101:1109 arg1 synthases 1155:1163 putative xylan synthases 1140:1163 putative xylan synthases 1140:1163 Analysis of the GT61 family identified specific sequences co-expressed with IRREGULAR XYLEM 10 genes, which encode putative xylan synthases, revealing a close temporal association between xylan synthesis and substitution. 27856710 2 49 theme structures 227:236 arg1 range 212:216 A diverse range 202:216 A diverse range of xylan structures 202:236 A diverse range of xylan structures influence tissue function during growth and development. 27856710 7 50 theme GT61 1041:1044 arg1 family 1046:1051 the GT61 family 1037:1051 the GT61 family 1037:1051 Analysis of the GT61 family identified specific sequences co-expressed with IRREGULAR XYLEM 10 genes, which encode putative xylan synthases, revealing a close temporal association between xylan synthesis and substitution. 27856710 4 51 theme heteroxylan 527:537 arg1 composition 539:549 heteroxylan composition 527:549 heteroxylan composition 527:549 In this study we have utilized natural variation within the Plantago genus to examine variation in heteroxylan composition and structure in seed coat mucilage. 27856710 4 52 theme natural 459:465 arg1 variation 467:475 natural variation 459:475 natural variation within the Plantago genus 459:501 In this study we have utilized natural variation within the Plantago genus to examine variation in heteroxylan composition and structure in seed coat mucilage. 27856710 2 53 theme xylan 221:225 arg1 structures 227:236 xylan structures 221:236 xylan structures 221:236 A diverse range of xylan structures influence tissue function during growth and development. 27856710 5 54 theme coat 700:703 arg1 development 705:715 seed coat development 695:715 seed coat development 695:715 Compositional assays were combined with analysis of the glycosyltransferase family 61 (GT61) family during seed coat development, with the aim of identifying GT61 sequences participating in xylan backbone substitution. 27856710 6 55 theme similar 949:955 arg1 amount 957:962 a similar amount 947:962 a similar amount of heteroxylan but different backbone substitution profiles 947:1022 The results reveal natural variation in heteroxylan content and structure, particularly in P. ovata and P. cunninghamii, species which show a similar amount of heteroxylan but different backbone substitution profiles. 27856710 6 55 theme similar 949:955 arg1 profiles 1015:1022 heteroxylan but different backbone substitution profiles 967:1022 heteroxylan but different backbone substitution profiles 967:1022 The results reveal natural variation in heteroxylan content and structure, particularly in P. ovata and P. cunninghamii, species which show a similar amount of heteroxylan but different backbone substitution profiles. 27856710 3 56 theme xylans 320:325 arg1 abundance 307:315 the abundance 303:315 the abundance of xylans in nature 303:335 Despite the abundance of xylans in nature, details of the genes and biochemical pathways controlling their biosynthesis are lacking. 27856710 3 57 dep genes 353:357 arg1 the 349:351 the 349:351 the 349:351 Despite the abundance of xylans in nature, details of the genes and biochemical pathways controlling their biosynthesis are lacking. 27856710 2 58 theme diverse 204:210 arg1 range 212:216 A diverse range 202:216 A diverse range of xylan structures 202:236 A diverse range of xylan structures influence tissue function during growth and development. 27856710 6 59 theme profiles 1015:1022 arg1 amount 957:962 a similar amount 947:962 a similar amount of heteroxylan but different backbone substitution profiles 947:1022 The results reveal natural variation in heteroxylan content and structure, particularly in P. ovata and P. cunninghamii, species which show a similar amount of heteroxylan but different backbone substitution profiles. 27856710 6 59 theme profiles 1015:1022 arg1 profiles 1015:1022 heteroxylan but different backbone substitution profiles 967:1022 heteroxylan but different backbone substitution profiles 967:1022 The results reveal natural variation in heteroxylan content and structure, particularly in P. ovata and P. cunninghamii, species which show a similar amount of heteroxylan but different backbone substitution profiles. 27856710 7 60 theme specific 1064:1071 arg1 sequences 1073:1081 specific sequences 1064:1081 specific sequences 1064:1081 Analysis of the GT61 family identified specific sequences co-expressed with IRREGULAR XYLEM 10 genes, which encode putative xylan synthases, revealing a close temporal association between xylan synthesis and substitution. 27856710 9 61 theme polysaccharide 1483:1496 arg1 pathways 1511:1518 polysaccharide biosynthetic pathways 1483:1518 polysaccharide biosynthetic pathways 1483:1518 Our results indicate that natural variation in Plantago species can be exploited to reveal novel details of seed coat development and polysaccharide biosynthetic pathways. 27856710 3 62 from abundance 307:315 arg1 nature 330:335 nature 330:335 nature 330:335 Despite the abundance of xylans in nature, details of the genes and biochemical pathways controlling their biosynthesis are lacking. 27856710 0 63 theme coat 73:76 arg1 composition 87:97 seed coat mucilage composition 68:97 seed coat mucilage composition in Plantago spp 68:113 Differences in glycosyltransferase family 61 accompany variation in seed coat mucilage composition in Plantago spp. 27856710 6 64 theme heteroxylan 847:857 arg1 content 859:865 heteroxylan content 847:865 heteroxylan content 847:865 The results reveal natural variation in heteroxylan content and structure, particularly in P. ovata and P. cunninghamii, species which show a similar amount of heteroxylan but different backbone substitution profiles. 27856710 9 65 theme pathways 1511:1518 arg1 details 1446:1452 novel details 1440:1452 novel details of seed coat development and polysaccharide biosynthetic pathways 1440:1518 Our results indicate that natural variation in Plantago species can be exploited to reveal novel details of seed coat development and polysaccharide biosynthetic pathways. 27856710 1 66 theme abundant 136:143 arg1 Xylans 116:121 Xylans 116:121 Xylans 116:121 Xylans are the most abundant non-cellulosic polysaccharide found in plant cell walls. 27856710 1 66 theme abundant 136:143 arg1 polysaccharide 160:173 the most abundant non-cellulosic polysaccharide 127:173 the most abundant non-cellulosic polysaccharide found in plant cell walls 127:199 Xylans are the most abundant non-cellulosic polysaccharide found in plant cell walls. 27856710 0 67 theme seed 68:71 arg1 composition 87:97 seed coat mucilage composition 68:97 seed coat mucilage composition in Plantago spp 68:113 Differences in glycosyltransferase family 61 accompany variation in seed coat mucilage composition in Plantago spp. 27856710 2 68 theme tissue 248:253 arg1 function 255:262 tissue function 248:262 tissue function 248:262 A diverse range of xylan structures influence tissue function during growth and development. 27856710 1 69 theme non-cellulosic 145:158 arg1 Xylans 116:121 Xylans 116:121 Xylans 116:121 Xylans are the most abundant non-cellulosic polysaccharide found in plant cell walls. 27856710 1 69 theme non-cellulosic 145:158 arg1 polysaccharide 160:173 the most abundant non-cellulosic polysaccharide 127:173 the most abundant non-cellulosic polysaccharide found in plant cell walls 127:199 Xylans are the most abundant non-cellulosic polysaccharide found in plant cell walls. 27856710 9 70 theme novel 1440:1444 arg1 details 1446:1452 novel details 1440:1452 novel details of seed coat development and polysaccharide biosynthetic pathways 1440:1518 Our results indicate that natural variation in Plantago species can be exploited to reveal novel details of seed coat development and polysaccharide biosynthetic pathways. 24299762 5 0 theme CS-SO3 716:721 arg1 macromolecules 723:736 the CMC and CS-SO3 macromolecules 704:736 macromolecules 723:736 Adding PEG decreased the repulsions between the CMC and CS-SO3 macromolecules and thus increased the gel strength. 24299762 7 1 theme loaded 940:945 arg1 effective 982:990 effective 982:990 effective 982:990 The PEG and CS-SO3 loaded MC-based injectable hydrogels were effective in reducing adhesion formation and reduced adhesiolysis difficulties. 24299762 7 1 theme loaded 940:945 arg1 hydrogels 967:975 The PEG and CS-SO3 loaded MC-based injectable hydrogels 921:975 The PEG and CS-SO3 loaded MC-based injectable hydrogels 921:975 The PEG and CS-SO3 loaded MC-based injectable hydrogels were effective in reducing adhesion formation and reduced adhesiolysis difficulties. 24299762 7 2 theme PEG 925:927 arg1 effective 982:990 effective 982:990 effective 982:990 The PEG and CS-SO3 loaded MC-based injectable hydrogels were effective in reducing adhesion formation and reduced adhesiolysis difficulties. 24299762 7 2 theme PEG 925:927 arg1 hydrogels 967:975 The PEG and CS-SO3 loaded MC-based injectable hydrogels 921:975 The PEG and CS-SO3 loaded MC-based injectable hydrogels 921:975 The PEG and CS-SO3 loaded MC-based injectable hydrogels were effective in reducing adhesion formation and reduced adhesiolysis difficulties. 24299762 3 3 theme K 502:502 arg1 concentrations 484:497 the concentrations 480:497 the concentrations of K(+) and other components 480:526 The gelation temperature of the sols was tuned by adjusting the concentrations of K(+) and other components to obtain an MC-based sol that transformed to a gel at body temperature. 24299762 1 4 theme chitosan 282:289 arg1 CS-SO3 300:305 CS-SO3 300:305 CS-SO3 300:305 Thermosensitive methyl cellulose (MC)-based injectable hydrogels for post-operation anti-adhesion were prepared by integrating polyethylene glycol (PEG), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and chitosan sulfate (CS-SO3) with MC sols. 24299762 1 4 theme chitosan 282:289 arg1 sulfate 291:297 chitosan sulfate 282:297 chitosan sulfate (CS-SO3) 282:306 Thermosensitive methyl cellulose (MC)-based injectable hydrogels for post-operation anti-adhesion were prepared by integrating polyethylene glycol (PEG), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and chitosan sulfate (CS-SO3) with MC sols. 24299762 3 5 from temperature 588:598 arg1 gel 576:578 a gel 574:578 a gel at body temperature 574:598 The gelation temperature of the sols was tuned by adjusting the concentrations of K(+) and other components to obtain an MC-based sol that transformed to a gel at body temperature. 24299762 3 6 theme other 511:515 arg1 components 517:526 other components 511:526 other components 511:526 The gelation temperature of the sols was tuned by adjusting the concentrations of K(+) and other components to obtain an MC-based sol that transformed to a gel at body temperature. 24299762 1 7 theme Thermosensitive 94:108 arg1 hydrogels 149:157 Thermosensitive methyl cellulose (MC)-based injectable hydrogels 94:157 Thermosensitive methyl cellulose (MC)-based injectable hydrogels for post-operation anti-adhesion 94:190 Thermosensitive methyl cellulose (MC)-based injectable hydrogels for post-operation anti-adhesion were prepared by integrating polyethylene glycol (PEG), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and chitosan sulfate (CS-SO3) with MC sols. 24299762 3 8 theme components 517:526 arg1 concentrations 484:497 the concentrations 480:497 the concentrations of K(+) and other components 480:526 The gelation temperature of the sols was tuned by adjusting the concentrations of K(+) and other components to obtain an MC-based sol that transformed to a gel at body temperature. 24299762 4 9 theme gel 646:648 arg1 strength 650:657 the gel strength 642:657 the gel strength 642:657 The composition of the sol also affected the gel strength. 24299762 2 10 theme sols 352:355 arg1 viscosity 326:334 The viscosity 322:334 The viscosity of the MC-based sols 322:355 The viscosity of the MC-based sols depended on the sol composition, especially the amount of CMC. 24299762 1 11 theme methyl 110:115 arg1 hydrogels 149:157 Thermosensitive methyl cellulose (MC)-based injectable hydrogels 94:157 Thermosensitive methyl cellulose (MC)-based injectable hydrogels for post-operation anti-adhesion 94:190 Thermosensitive methyl cellulose (MC)-based injectable hydrogels for post-operation anti-adhesion were prepared by integrating polyethylene glycol (PEG), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and chitosan sulfate (CS-SO3) with MC sols. 24299762 1 12 theme cellulose 117:125 arg1 hydrogels 149:157 Thermosensitive methyl cellulose (MC)-based injectable hydrogels 94:157 Thermosensitive methyl cellulose (MC)-based injectable hydrogels for post-operation anti-adhesion 94:190 Thermosensitive methyl cellulose (MC)-based injectable hydrogels for post-operation anti-adhesion were prepared by integrating polyethylene glycol (PEG), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and chitosan sulfate (CS-SO3) with MC sols. 24299762 1 13 theme polyethylene 221:232 arg1 glycol 234:239 polyethylene glycol 221:239 polyethylene glycol (PEG) 221:245 Thermosensitive methyl cellulose (MC)-based injectable hydrogels for post-operation anti-adhesion were prepared by integrating polyethylene glycol (PEG), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and chitosan sulfate (CS-SO3) with MC sols. 24299762 1 13 theme polyethylene 221:232 arg1 PEG 242:244 PEG 242:244 PEG 242:244 Thermosensitive methyl cellulose (MC)-based injectable hydrogels for post-operation anti-adhesion were prepared by integrating polyethylene glycol (PEG), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and chitosan sulfate (CS-SO3) with MC sols. 24299762 5 14 theme gel 761:763 arg1 strength 765:772 the gel strength 757:772 the gel strength 757:772 Adding PEG decreased the repulsions between the CMC and CS-SO3 macromolecules and thus increased the gel strength. 24299762 6 15 theme postsurgical 850:861 arg1 adhesions 863:871 postsurgical adhesions 850:871 postsurgical adhesions 850:871 The efficacy of the MC-based injectable hydrogels as barriers for reducing postsurgical adhesions was evaluated using a rat cecal abrasion model. 24299762 0 16 theme Thermosensitive 0:14 arg1 methyl 16:21 Thermosensitive methyl 0:21 Thermosensitive methyl 0:21 Thermosensitive methyl cellulose-based injectable hydrogels for post-operation anti-adhesion. 24299762 1 17 theme MC 128:129 arg1 hydrogels 149:157 Thermosensitive methyl cellulose (MC)-based injectable hydrogels 94:157 Thermosensitive methyl cellulose (MC)-based injectable hydrogels for post-operation anti-adhesion 94:190 Thermosensitive methyl cellulose (MC)-based injectable hydrogels for post-operation anti-adhesion were prepared by integrating polyethylene glycol (PEG), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and chitosan sulfate (CS-SO3) with MC sols. 24299762 3 18 theme gelation 424:431 arg1 temperature 433:443 The gelation temperature 420:443 The gelation temperature of the sols 420:455 The gelation temperature of the sols was tuned by adjusting the concentrations of K(+) and other components to obtain an MC-based sol that transformed to a gel at body temperature. 24299762 0 19 theme injectable 39:48 arg1 hydrogels 50:58 injectable hydrogels 39:58 injectable hydrogels for post-operation anti-adhesion 39:91 Thermosensitive methyl cellulose-based injectable hydrogels for post-operation anti-adhesion. 24299762 3 20 theme MC-based 541:548 arg1 sol 550:552 an MC-based sol 538:552 an MC-based sol that transformed to a gel at body temperature 538:598 The gelation temperature of the sols was tuned by adjusting the concentrations of K(+) and other components to obtain an MC-based sol that transformed to a gel at body temperature. 24299762 1 21 theme -based 131:136 arg1 hydrogels 149:157 Thermosensitive methyl cellulose (MC)-based injectable hydrogels 94:157 Thermosensitive methyl cellulose (MC)-based injectable hydrogels for post-operation anti-adhesion 94:190 Thermosensitive methyl cellulose (MC)-based injectable hydrogels for post-operation anti-adhesion were prepared by integrating polyethylene glycol (PEG), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and chitosan sulfate (CS-SO3) with MC sols. 24299762 2 22 theme CMC 415:417 arg1 CMC 415:417 CMC 415:417 CMC 415:417 The viscosity of the MC-based sols depended on the sol composition, especially the amount of CMC. 24299762 2 22 theme CMC 415:417 arg1 amount 405:410 the amount 401:410 the amount of CMC 401:417 The viscosity of the MC-based sols depended on the sol composition, especially the amount of CMC. 24299762 1 23 theme MC 313:314 arg1 sols 316:319 MC sols 313:319 MC sols 313:319 Thermosensitive methyl cellulose (MC)-based injectable hydrogels for post-operation anti-adhesion were prepared by integrating polyethylene glycol (PEG), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and chitosan sulfate (CS-SO3) with MC sols. 24299762 7 24 theme reduced 1027:1033 arg1 difficulties 1048:1059 reduced adhesiolysis difficulties 1027:1059 reduced adhesiolysis difficulties 1027:1059 The PEG and CS-SO3 loaded MC-based injectable hydrogels were effective in reducing adhesion formation and reduced adhesiolysis difficulties. 24299762 4 25 theme sol 624:626 arg1 composition 605:615 The composition 601:615 The composition of the sol 601:626 The composition of the sol also affected the gel strength. 24299762 7 26 theme adhesiolysis 1035:1046 arg1 difficulties 1048:1059 reduced adhesiolysis difficulties 1027:1059 reduced adhesiolysis difficulties 1027:1059 The PEG and CS-SO3 loaded MC-based injectable hydrogels were effective in reducing adhesion formation and reduced adhesiolysis difficulties. 24299762 6 27 theme hydrogels 815:823 arg1 efficacy 779:786 The efficacy 775:786 The efficacy of the MC-based injectable hydrogels as barriers for reducing postsurgical adhesions 775:871 The efficacy of the MC-based injectable hydrogels as barriers for reducing postsurgical adhesions was evaluated using a rat cecal abrasion model. 24299762 3 28 theme sols 452:455 arg1 temperature 433:443 The gelation temperature 420:443 The gelation temperature of the sols 420:455 The gelation temperature of the sols was tuned by adjusting the concentrations of K(+) and other components to obtain an MC-based sol that transformed to a gel at body temperature. 24299762 6 29 theme abrasion 905:912 arg1 model 914:918 a rat cecal abrasion model 893:918 a rat cecal abrasion model 893:918 The efficacy of the MC-based injectable hydrogels as barriers for reducing postsurgical adhesions was evaluated using a rat cecal abrasion model. 24299762 6 30 theme injectable 804:813 arg1 hydrogels 815:823 the MC-based injectable hydrogels 791:823 the MC-based injectable hydrogels as barriers for reducing postsurgical adhesions 791:871 The efficacy of the MC-based injectable hydrogels as barriers for reducing postsurgical adhesions was evaluated using a rat cecal abrasion model. 24299762 1 31 theme injectable 138:147 arg1 hydrogels 149:157 Thermosensitive methyl cellulose (MC)-based injectable hydrogels 94:157 Thermosensitive methyl cellulose (MC)-based injectable hydrogels for post-operation anti-adhesion 94:190 Thermosensitive methyl cellulose (MC)-based injectable hydrogels for post-operation anti-adhesion were prepared by integrating polyethylene glycol (PEG), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and chitosan sulfate (CS-SO3) with MC sols. 24299762 0 32 theme post-operation 64:77 arg1 anti-adhesion 79:91 post-operation anti-adhesion 64:91 post-operation anti-adhesion 64:91 Thermosensitive methyl cellulose-based injectable hydrogels for post-operation anti-adhesion. 24299762 6 33 theme cecal 899:903 arg1 model 914:918 a rat cecal abrasion model 893:918 a rat cecal abrasion model 893:918 The efficacy of the MC-based injectable hydrogels as barriers for reducing postsurgical adhesions was evaluated using a rat cecal abrasion model. 24299762 6 34 theme MC-based 795:802 arg1 hydrogels 815:823 the MC-based injectable hydrogels 791:823 the MC-based injectable hydrogels as barriers for reducing postsurgical adhesions 791:871 The efficacy of the MC-based injectable hydrogels as barriers for reducing postsurgical adhesions was evaluated using a rat cecal abrasion model. 24299762 2 35 theme MC-based 343:350 arg1 sols 352:355 the MC-based sols 339:355 the MC-based sols 339:355 The viscosity of the MC-based sols depended on the sol composition, especially the amount of CMC. 24299762 6 36 theme rat 895:897 arg1 model 914:918 a rat cecal abrasion model 893:918 a rat cecal abrasion model 893:918 The efficacy of the MC-based injectable hydrogels as barriers for reducing postsurgical adhesions was evaluated using a rat cecal abrasion model. 24299762 7 37 theme adhesion 1004:1011 arg1 formation 1013:1021 adhesion formation 1004:1021 adhesion formation 1004:1021 The PEG and CS-SO3 loaded MC-based injectable hydrogels were effective in reducing adhesion formation and reduced adhesiolysis difficulties. 24299762 3 38 theme body 583:586 arg1 temperature 588:598 body temperature 583:598 body temperature 583:598 The gelation temperature of the sols was tuned by adjusting the concentrations of K(+) and other components to obtain an MC-based sol that transformed to a gel at body temperature. 24299762 7 39 theme MC-based 947:954 arg1 effective 982:990 effective 982:990 effective 982:990 The PEG and CS-SO3 loaded MC-based injectable hydrogels were effective in reducing adhesion formation and reduced adhesiolysis difficulties. 24299762 7 39 theme MC-based 947:954 arg1 hydrogels 967:975 The PEG and CS-SO3 loaded MC-based injectable hydrogels 921:975 The PEG and CS-SO3 loaded MC-based injectable hydrogels 921:975 The PEG and CS-SO3 loaded MC-based injectable hydrogels were effective in reducing adhesion formation and reduced adhesiolysis difficulties. 24299762 1 40 theme post-operation 163:176 arg1 anti-adhesion 178:190 post-operation anti-adhesion 163:190 post-operation anti-adhesion 163:190 Thermosensitive methyl cellulose (MC)-based injectable hydrogels for post-operation anti-adhesion were prepared by integrating polyethylene glycol (PEG), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and chitosan sulfate (CS-SO3) with MC sols. 24299762 5 41 theme CMC 708:710 arg1 macromolecules 723:736 the CMC and CS-SO3 macromolecules 704:736 macromolecules 723:736 Adding PEG decreased the repulsions between the CMC and CS-SO3 macromolecules and thus increased the gel strength. 24299762 1 42 theme carboxymethyl 248:260 arg1 CMC 273:275 CMC 273:275 CMC 273:275 Thermosensitive methyl cellulose (MC)-based injectable hydrogels for post-operation anti-adhesion were prepared by integrating polyethylene glycol (PEG), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and chitosan sulfate (CS-SO3) with MC sols. 24299762 1 42 theme carboxymethyl 248:260 arg1 cellulose 262:270 carboxymethyl cellulose 248:270 carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 248:276 Thermosensitive methyl cellulose (MC)-based injectable hydrogels for post-operation anti-adhesion were prepared by integrating polyethylene glycol (PEG), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and chitosan sulfate (CS-SO3) with MC sols. 24299762 7 43 theme injectable 956:965 arg1 effective 982:990 effective 982:990 effective 982:990 The PEG and CS-SO3 loaded MC-based injectable hydrogels were effective in reducing adhesion formation and reduced adhesiolysis difficulties. 24299762 7 43 theme injectable 956:965 arg1 hydrogels 967:975 The PEG and CS-SO3 loaded MC-based injectable hydrogels 921:975 The PEG and CS-SO3 loaded MC-based injectable hydrogels 921:975 The PEG and CS-SO3 loaded MC-based injectable hydrogels were effective in reducing adhesion formation and reduced adhesiolysis difficulties. 24299762 2 44 theme sol 373:375 arg1 composition 377:387 the sol composition 369:387 the sol composition 369:387 The viscosity of the MC-based sols depended on the sol composition, especially the amount of CMC. 24299762 7 45 theme CS-SO3 933:938 arg1 effective 982:990 effective 982:990 effective 982:990 The PEG and CS-SO3 loaded MC-based injectable hydrogels were effective in reducing adhesion formation and reduced adhesiolysis difficulties. 24299762 7 45 theme CS-SO3 933:938 arg1 hydrogels 967:975 The PEG and CS-SO3 loaded MC-based injectable hydrogels 921:975 The PEG and CS-SO3 loaded MC-based injectable hydrogels 921:975 The PEG and CS-SO3 loaded MC-based injectable hydrogels were effective in reducing adhesion formation and reduced adhesiolysis difficulties. 27185124 8 0 theme release 1238:1244 arg1 14days 1217:1222 14days 1217:1222 14days of continuous release into distilled water 1217:1265 After 14days of continuous release into distilled water, the cumulative concentration in the release medium reached between 70 and 93% of the initially loaded salt, depending on the matrix used. 27185124 4 1 theme X-ray 700:704 arg1 Fourier 726:732 Fourier 726:732 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry 726:870 The resulting polymeric matrices were examined by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. 27185124 4 1 theme X-ray 700:704 arg1 diffraction 713:723 energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction 682:723 diffraction 713:723 The resulting polymeric matrices were examined by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. 27185124 8 2 theme salt 1370:1373 arg1 salt 1370:1373 the initially loaded salt 1349:1373 the initially loaded salt 1349:1373 After 14days of continuous release into distilled water, the cumulative concentration in the release medium reached between 70 and 93% of the initially loaded salt, depending on the matrix used. 27185124 8 2 theme salt 1370:1373 arg1 % 1344:1344 70 and 93% 1335:1344 % 1344:1344 After 14days of continuous release into distilled water, the cumulative concentration in the release medium reached between 70 and 93% of the initially loaded salt, depending on the matrix used. 27185124 0 3 theme controlled 80:89 arg1 release 91:97 controlled release 80:97 controlled release of fertilizers 80:112 Chitosan-starch beads prepared by ionotropic gelation as potential matrices for controlled release of fertilizers. 27185124 8 4 from concentration 1283:1295 arg1 medium 1312:1317 the release medium 1300:1317 the release medium 1300:1317 After 14days of continuous release into distilled water, the cumulative concentration in the release medium reached between 70 and 93% of the initially loaded salt, depending on the matrix used. 27185124 3 5 theme chitosan 532:539 arg1 chitosan 532:539 chitosan 532:539 chitosan 532:539 Three different concentrations (ranging from 20 to 100wt/wt% of chitosan) and two crosslinking times (2 or 4h) were used. 27185124 3 5 theme chitosan 532:539 arg1 % 527:527 20 to 100wt/wt% 513:527 20 to 100wt/wt% of chitosan 513:539 Three different concentrations (ranging from 20 to 100wt/wt% of chitosan) and two crosslinking times (2 or 4h) were used. 27185124 6 6 theme swelling 1063:1070 arg1 behavior 1072:1079 the swelling behavior 1059:1079 the swelling behavior 1059:1079 The crosslinking time and the composition of the polymeric hydrogel controlled the crosslinking degree, the swelling behavior and the fertilizer loading capability. 27185124 6 6 theme swelling 1063:1070 arg1 degree 1051:1056 the crosslinking degree 1034:1056 the crosslinking degree 1034:1056 The crosslinking time and the composition of the polymeric hydrogel controlled the crosslinking degree, the swelling behavior and the fertilizer loading capability. 27185124 0 7 theme fertilizers 102:112 arg1 release 91:97 controlled release 80:97 controlled release of fertilizers 80:112 Chitosan-starch beads prepared by ionotropic gelation as potential matrices for controlled release of fertilizers. 27185124 7 8 theme controlled-release 1180:1197 arg1 fertilizer 1199:1208 a controlled-release fertilizer 1178:1208 a controlled-release fertilizer 1178:1208 Potassium nitrate-loaded beads were shown to be useful as a controlled-release fertilizer. 27185124 4 9 theme magnetic 787:794 arg1 resonance 796:804 solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance 767:804 solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance 767:804 The resulting polymeric matrices were examined by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. 27185124 4 10 dep diffraction 713:723 arg1 X-ray 707:711 energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction 682:723 X-ray 707:711 The resulting polymeric matrices were examined by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. 27185124 1 11 theme sodium 276:281 arg1 agent 337:341 the crosslinking agent 320:341 the crosslinking agent 320:341 The present study examines the agrochemical application of macrospheres prepared with chitosan and chitosan-starch blends by an easy dripping technique, using a sodium tripolyphosphate aqueous solution as the crosslinking agent. 27185124 1 11 theme sodium 276:281 arg1 solution 308:315 a sodium tripolyphosphate aqueous solution 274:315 a sodium tripolyphosphate aqueous solution 274:315 The present study examines the agrochemical application of macrospheres prepared with chitosan and chitosan-starch blends by an easy dripping technique, using a sodium tripolyphosphate aqueous solution as the crosslinking agent. 27185124 6 12 theme crosslinking 959:970 arg1 time 972:975 The crosslinking time 955:975 The crosslinking time 955:975 The crosslinking time and the composition of the polymeric hydrogel controlled the crosslinking degree, the swelling behavior and the fertilizer loading capability. 27185124 4 13 theme nuclear 779:785 arg1 resonance 796:804 solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance 767:804 solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance 767:804 The resulting polymeric matrices were examined by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. 27185124 1 14 theme tripolyphosphate 283:298 arg1 agent 337:341 the crosslinking agent 320:341 the crosslinking agent 320:341 The present study examines the agrochemical application of macrospheres prepared with chitosan and chitosan-starch blends by an easy dripping technique, using a sodium tripolyphosphate aqueous solution as the crosslinking agent. 27185124 1 14 theme tripolyphosphate 283:298 arg1 solution 308:315 a sodium tripolyphosphate aqueous solution 274:315 a sodium tripolyphosphate aqueous solution 274:315 The present study examines the agrochemical application of macrospheres prepared with chitosan and chitosan-starch blends by an easy dripping technique, using a sodium tripolyphosphate aqueous solution as the crosslinking agent. 27185124 1 15 theme present 119:125 arg1 study 127:131 The present study 115:131 The present study 115:131 The present study examines the agrochemical application of macrospheres prepared with chitosan and chitosan-starch blends by an easy dripping technique, using a sodium tripolyphosphate aqueous solution as the crosslinking agent. 27185124 3 16 dep 100wt/wt 519:526 arg1 to 516:517 to 516:517 to 516:517 Three different concentrations (ranging from 20 to 100wt/wt% of chitosan) and two crosslinking times (2 or 4h) were used. 27185124 8 17 theme 93 1342:1343 arg1 salt 1370:1373 the initially loaded salt 1349:1373 the initially loaded salt 1349:1373 After 14days of continuous release into distilled water, the cumulative concentration in the release medium reached between 70 and 93% of the initially loaded salt, depending on the matrix used. 27185124 8 17 theme 93 1342:1343 arg1 % 1344:1344 70 and 93% 1335:1344 % 1344:1344 After 14days of continuous release into distilled water, the cumulative concentration in the release medium reached between 70 and 93% of the initially loaded salt, depending on the matrix used. 27185124 8 18 theme 70 1335:1336 arg1 salt 1370:1373 the initially loaded salt 1349:1373 the initially loaded salt 1349:1373 After 14days of continuous release into distilled water, the cumulative concentration in the release medium reached between 70 and 93% of the initially loaded salt, depending on the matrix used. 27185124 8 18 theme 70 1335:1336 arg1 % 1344:1344 70 and 93% 1335:1344 % 1344:1344 After 14days of continuous release into distilled water, the cumulative concentration in the release medium reached between 70 and 93% of the initially loaded salt, depending on the matrix used. 27185124 3 19 theme crosslinking 550:561 arg1 times 563:567 two crosslinking times 546:567 two crosslinking times (2 or 4h) 546:577 Three different concentrations (ranging from 20 to 100wt/wt% of chitosan) and two crosslinking times (2 or 4h) were used. 27185124 3 19 theme crosslinking 550:561 arg1 4h 575:576 2 or 4h 570:576 4h 575:576 Three different concentrations (ranging from 20 to 100wt/wt% of chitosan) and two crosslinking times (2 or 4h) were used. 27185124 3 19 theme crosslinking 550:561 arg1 2 570:570 2 570:570 2 570:570 Three different concentrations (ranging from 20 to 100wt/wt% of chitosan) and two crosslinking times (2 or 4h) were used. 27185124 3 20 theme different 474:482 arg1 concentrations 484:497 Three different concentrations 468:497 Three different concentrations (ranging from 20 to 100wt/wt% of chitosan) 468:540 Three different concentrations (ranging from 20 to 100wt/wt% of chitosan) and two crosslinking times (2 or 4h) were used. 27185124 8 21 theme cumulative 1272:1281 arg1 concentration 1283:1295 the cumulative concentration 1268:1295 the cumulative concentration in the release medium 1268:1317 After 14days of continuous release into distilled water, the cumulative concentration in the release medium reached between 70 and 93% of the initially loaded salt, depending on the matrix used. 27185124 8 22 theme continuous 1227:1236 arg1 release 1238:1244 continuous release 1227:1244 continuous release into distilled water 1227:1265 After 14days of continuous release into distilled water, the cumulative concentration in the release medium reached between 70 and 93% of the initially loaded salt, depending on the matrix used. 27185124 4 23 dep transform 734:742 arg1 infrared 744:751 infrared 744:751 transform infrared spectroscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry 734:870 The resulting polymeric matrices were examined by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. 27185124 6 24 theme loading 1100:1106 arg1 capability 1108:1117 the fertilizer loading capability 1085:1117 the fertilizer loading capability 1085:1117 The crosslinking time and the composition of the polymeric hydrogel controlled the crosslinking degree, the swelling behavior and the fertilizer loading capability. 27185124 6 24 theme loading 1100:1106 arg1 degree 1051:1056 the crosslinking degree 1034:1056 the crosslinking degree 1034:1056 The crosslinking time and the composition of the polymeric hydrogel controlled the crosslinking degree, the swelling behavior and the fertilizer loading capability. 27185124 4 25 theme energy 682:687 arg1 Fourier 726:732 Fourier 726:732 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry 726:870 The resulting polymeric matrices were examined by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. 27185124 4 25 theme energy 682:687 arg1 diffraction 713:723 energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction 682:723 diffraction 713:723 The resulting polymeric matrices were examined by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. 27185124 0 26 theme Chitosan-starch 0:14 arg1 beads 16:20 Chitosan-starch beads 0:20 Chitosan-starch beads 0:20 Chitosan-starch beads prepared by ionotropic gelation as potential matrices for controlled release of fertilizers. 27185124 1 27 theme aqueous 300:306 arg1 agent 337:341 the crosslinking agent 320:341 the crosslinking agent 320:341 The present study examines the agrochemical application of macrospheres prepared with chitosan and chitosan-starch blends by an easy dripping technique, using a sodium tripolyphosphate aqueous solution as the crosslinking agent. 27185124 1 27 theme aqueous 300:306 arg1 solution 308:315 a sodium tripolyphosphate aqueous solution 274:315 a sodium tripolyphosphate aqueous solution 274:315 The present study examines the agrochemical application of macrospheres prepared with chitosan and chitosan-starch blends by an easy dripping technique, using a sodium tripolyphosphate aqueous solution as the crosslinking agent. 27185124 4 28 dep Fourier 726:732 arg1 transform 734:742 transform 734:742 transform infrared spectroscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry 734:870 The resulting polymeric matrices were examined by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. 27185124 2 29 theme alternative 400:410 arg1 hydrogels 367:375 hydrogels 367:375 hydrogels that could be a viable alternative method to obtain controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) 367:465 These biopolymers form hydrogels that could be a viable alternative method to obtain controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs). 27185124 2 29 theme alternative 400:410 arg1 method 412:417 a viable alternative method 391:417 a viable alternative method to obtain controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) 391:465 These biopolymers form hydrogels that could be a viable alternative method to obtain controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs). 27185124 6 30 theme crosslinking 1038:1049 arg1 capability 1108:1117 the fertilizer loading capability 1085:1117 the fertilizer loading capability 1085:1117 The crosslinking time and the composition of the polymeric hydrogel controlled the crosslinking degree, the swelling behavior and the fertilizer loading capability. 27185124 6 30 theme crosslinking 1038:1049 arg1 behavior 1072:1079 the swelling behavior 1059:1079 the swelling behavior 1059:1079 The crosslinking time and the composition of the polymeric hydrogel controlled the crosslinking degree, the swelling behavior and the fertilizer loading capability. 27185124 6 30 theme crosslinking 1038:1049 arg1 degree 1051:1056 the crosslinking degree 1034:1056 the crosslinking degree 1034:1056 The crosslinking time and the composition of the polymeric hydrogel controlled the crosslinking degree, the swelling behavior and the fertilizer loading capability. 27185124 4 31 theme solid-state 767:777 arg1 resonance 796:804 solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance 767:804 solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance 767:804 The resulting polymeric matrices were examined by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. 27185124 5 32 theme Ionotropic 873:882 arg1 gelation 884:891 Ionotropic gelation 873:891 Ionotropic gelation 873:891 Ionotropic gelation and neutralization induced the formation of the macrospheres. 27185124 9 33 theme prepared 1410:1417 arg1 beads 1419:1423 The prepared beads 1406:1423 The prepared beads 1406:1423 The prepared beads showed properties that make them suitable for use in the agrochemical industry as CRFs. 27185124 4 34 theme polymeric 604:612 arg1 matrices 614:621 The resulting polymeric matrices 590:621 The resulting polymeric matrices 590:621 The resulting polymeric matrices were examined by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. 27185124 1 35 theme macrospheres 174:185 arg1 application 159:169 the agrochemical application 142:169 the agrochemical application of macrospheres prepared with chitosan and chitosan-starch blends 142:235 The present study examines the agrochemical application of macrospheres prepared with chitosan and chitosan-starch blends by an easy dripping technique, using a sodium tripolyphosphate aqueous solution as the crosslinking agent. 27185124 8 36 theme distilled 1251:1259 arg1 water 1261:1265 distilled water 1251:1265 distilled water 1251:1265 After 14days of continuous release into distilled water, the cumulative concentration in the release medium reached between 70 and 93% of the initially loaded salt, depending on the matrix used. 27185124 1 37 theme agrochemical 146:157 arg1 application 159:169 the agrochemical application 142:169 the agrochemical application of macrospheres prepared with chitosan and chitosan-starch blends 142:235 The present study examines the agrochemical application of macrospheres prepared with chitosan and chitosan-starch blends by an easy dripping technique, using a sodium tripolyphosphate aqueous solution as the crosslinking agent. 27185124 8 38 theme release 1304:1310 arg1 medium 1312:1317 the release medium 1300:1317 the release medium 1300:1317 After 14days of continuous release into distilled water, the cumulative concentration in the release medium reached between 70 and 93% of the initially loaded salt, depending on the matrix used. 27185124 1 39 dep chitosan 201:208 arg1 blends 230:235 blends 230:235 blends 230:235 The present study examines the agrochemical application of macrospheres prepared with chitosan and chitosan-starch blends by an easy dripping technique, using a sodium tripolyphosphate aqueous solution as the crosslinking agent. 27185124 4 40 theme electron 649:656 arg1 microscopy 658:667 scanning electron microscopy 640:667 scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry 640:870 The resulting polymeric matrices were examined by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. 27185124 0 41 theme ionotropic 34:43 arg1 gelation 45:52 ionotropic gelation 34:52 ionotropic gelation as potential matrices for controlled release of fertilizers 34:112 Chitosan-starch beads prepared by ionotropic gelation as potential matrices for controlled release of fertilizers. 27185124 1 42 theme crosslinking 324:335 arg1 agent 337:341 the crosslinking agent 320:341 the crosslinking agent 320:341 The present study examines the agrochemical application of macrospheres prepared with chitosan and chitosan-starch blends by an easy dripping technique, using a sodium tripolyphosphate aqueous solution as the crosslinking agent. 27185124 1 42 theme crosslinking 324:335 arg1 solution 308:315 a sodium tripolyphosphate aqueous solution 274:315 a sodium tripolyphosphate aqueous solution 274:315 The present study examines the agrochemical application of macrospheres prepared with chitosan and chitosan-starch blends by an easy dripping technique, using a sodium tripolyphosphate aqueous solution as the crosslinking agent. 27185124 4 43 theme scanning 851:858 arg1 calorimetry 860:870 differential scanning calorimetry 838:870 differential scanning calorimetry 838:870 The resulting polymeric matrices were examined by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. 27185124 2 44 theme controlled-release 429:446 arg1 fertilizers 448:458 controlled-release fertilizers 429:458 controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) 429:465 These biopolymers form hydrogels that could be a viable alternative method to obtain controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs). 27185124 2 44 theme controlled-release 429:446 arg1 CRFs 461:464 CRFs 461:464 CRFs 461:464 These biopolymers form hydrogels that could be a viable alternative method to obtain controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs). 27185124 0 45 theme potential 57:65 arg1 matrices 67:74 potential matrices 57:74 potential matrices for controlled release of fertilizers 57:112 Chitosan-starch beads prepared by ionotropic gelation as potential matrices for controlled release of fertilizers. 27185124 5 46 theme macrospheres 941:952 arg1 formation 924:932 the formation 920:932 the formation of the macrospheres 920:952 Ionotropic gelation and neutralization induced the formation of the macrospheres. 27185124 7 47 theme Potassium 1120:1128 arg1 beads 1145:1149 Potassium nitrate-loaded beads 1120:1149 Potassium nitrate-loaded beads 1120:1149 Potassium nitrate-loaded beads were shown to be useful as a controlled-release fertilizer. 27185124 9 48 from use 1471:1473 arg1 industry 1495:1502 the agrochemical industry 1478:1502 the agrochemical industry 1478:1502 The prepared beads showed properties that make them suitable for use in the agrochemical industry as CRFs. 27185124 3 49 used used 584:587 arg2 2 570:570 2 570:570 2 570:570 Three different concentrations (ranging from 20 to 100wt/wt% of chitosan) and two crosslinking times (2 or 4h) were used. 27185124 3 49 used used 584:587 arg2 4h 575:576 2 or 4h 570:576 4h 575:576 Three different concentrations (ranging from 20 to 100wt/wt% of chitosan) and two crosslinking times (2 or 4h) were used. 27185124 3 49 used used 584:587 arg2 concentrations 484:497 Three different concentrations 468:497 Three different concentrations (ranging from 20 to 100wt/wt% of chitosan) 468:540 Three different concentrations (ranging from 20 to 100wt/wt% of chitosan) and two crosslinking times (2 or 4h) were used. 27185124 3 49 used used 584:587 arg2 times 563:567 two crosslinking times 546:567 two crosslinking times (2 or 4h) 546:577 Three different concentrations (ranging from 20 to 100wt/wt% of chitosan) and two crosslinking times (2 or 4h) were used. 27185124 4 50 theme resulting 594:602 arg1 matrices 614:621 The resulting polymeric matrices 590:621 The resulting polymeric matrices 590:621 The resulting polymeric matrices were examined by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. 27185124 7 51 theme nitrate-loaded 1130:1143 arg1 beads 1145:1149 Potassium nitrate-loaded beads 1120:1149 Potassium nitrate-loaded beads 1120:1149 Potassium nitrate-loaded beads were shown to be useful as a controlled-release fertilizer. 27185124 8 52 theme loaded 1363:1368 arg1 salt 1370:1373 the initially loaded salt 1349:1373 the initially loaded salt 1349:1373 After 14days of continuous release into distilled water, the cumulative concentration in the release medium reached between 70 and 93% of the initially loaded salt, depending on the matrix used. 27185124 6 53 theme hydrogel 1014:1021 arg1 time 972:975 The crosslinking time 955:975 The crosslinking time 955:975 The crosslinking time and the composition of the polymeric hydrogel controlled the crosslinking degree, the swelling behavior and the fertilizer loading capability. 27185124 6 53 theme hydrogel 1014:1021 arg1 composition 985:995 the composition 981:995 the composition of the polymeric hydrogel 981:1021 The crosslinking time and the composition of the polymeric hydrogel controlled the crosslinking degree, the swelling behavior and the fertilizer loading capability. 27185124 6 54 theme fertilizer 1089:1098 arg1 capability 1108:1117 the fertilizer loading capability 1085:1117 the fertilizer loading capability 1085:1117 The crosslinking time and the composition of the polymeric hydrogel controlled the crosslinking degree, the swelling behavior and the fertilizer loading capability. 27185124 6 54 theme fertilizer 1089:1098 arg1 degree 1051:1056 the crosslinking degree 1034:1056 the crosslinking degree 1034:1056 The crosslinking time and the composition of the polymeric hydrogel controlled the crosslinking degree, the swelling behavior and the fertilizer loading capability. 27185124 1 55 theme easy 243:246 arg1 technique 257:265 an easy dripping technique 240:265 an easy dripping technique 240:265 The present study examines the agrochemical application of macrospheres prepared with chitosan and chitosan-starch blends by an easy dripping technique, using a sodium tripolyphosphate aqueous solution as the crosslinking agent. 27185124 4 56 theme thermogravimetric 807:823 arg1 analysis 825:832 thermogravimetric analysis 807:832 thermogravimetric analysis 807:832 The resulting polymeric matrices were examined by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. 27185124 1 57 theme dripping 248:255 arg1 technique 257:265 an easy dripping technique 240:265 an easy dripping technique 240:265 The present study examines the agrochemical application of macrospheres prepared with chitosan and chitosan-starch blends by an easy dripping technique, using a sodium tripolyphosphate aqueous solution as the crosslinking agent. 27185124 4 58 theme scanning 640:647 arg1 microscopy 658:667 scanning electron microscopy 640:667 scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry 640:870 The resulting polymeric matrices were examined by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. 27185124 4 59 theme differential 838:849 arg1 calorimetry 860:870 differential scanning calorimetry 838:870 differential scanning calorimetry 838:870 The resulting polymeric matrices were examined by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. 27185124 2 60 theme viable 393:398 arg1 hydrogels 367:375 hydrogels 367:375 hydrogels that could be a viable alternative method to obtain controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) 367:465 These biopolymers form hydrogels that could be a viable alternative method to obtain controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs). 27185124 2 60 theme viable 393:398 arg1 method 412:417 a viable alternative method 391:417 a viable alternative method to obtain controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) 391:465 These biopolymers form hydrogels that could be a viable alternative method to obtain controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs). 27185124 9 61 theme agrochemical 1482:1493 arg1 industry 1495:1502 the agrochemical industry 1478:1502 the agrochemical industry 1478:1502 The prepared beads showed properties that make them suitable for use in the agrochemical industry as CRFs. 27185124 4 62 theme dispersive 689:698 arg1 Fourier 726:732 Fourier 726:732 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry 726:870 The resulting polymeric matrices were examined by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. 27185124 4 62 theme dispersive 689:698 arg1 diffraction 713:723 energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction 682:723 diffraction 713:723 The resulting polymeric matrices were examined by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. 27185124 6 63 theme polymeric 1004:1012 arg1 hydrogel 1014:1021 the polymeric hydrogel 1000:1021 the polymeric hydrogel 1000:1021 The crosslinking time and the composition of the polymeric hydrogel controlled the crosslinking degree, the swelling behavior and the fertilizer loading capability. 27083361 2 0 theme ethanolic 474:482 arg1 solution 499:506 ethanolic (4% w/w) model solution 474:506 ethanolic (4% w/w) model solution 474:506 In this context, influences of the beer volatiles dodecanoic acid, octyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate on molar mass and radii of barley β-glucan were investigated in ethanolic (4% w/w) model solution. 27083361 3 1 theme asymmetric 665:674 arg1 field-flow-fractionation 676:699 asymmetric field-flow-fractionation 665:699 asymmetric field-flow-fractionation 665:699 After addition of 100mg/l ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate to the β-glucan solution, a wider-ranging molar mass distribution could be observed by means of asymmetric field-flow-fractionation. 27083361 6 2 theme fatty 1000:1004 arg1 acid 1006:1009 fatty acid 1000:1009 fatty acid derived flavouring substance composition in beer regarding the aggregation behaviour of β-glucan 1000:1106 The obtained results elucidate the importance of fatty acid derived flavouring substance composition in beer regarding the aggregation behaviour of β-glucan. 27083361 1 3 theme size 245:248 arg1 distribution 250:261 molar size distribution 239:261 molar size distribution 239:261 Structural polymers such as cereal β-glucan may cause various processing problems in beverage industry depending on concentration, molar size distribution and agglomeration behaviour. 27083361 0 4 theme barley 74:79 arg1 behaviour 51:59 the aggregation behaviour 35:59 the aggregation behaviour of dissolved barley 35:79 Impact of flavouring substances on the aggregation behaviour of dissolved barley β-glucans in a model beer. 27083361 5 5 from nm 915:916 arg1 P<0.05 892:897 P<0.05 892:897 P<0.05 892:897 Furthermore, a significant growth (P<0.05) from 86 to 102 nm in gyration radius was measured. 27083361 5 5 from nm 915:916 arg1 growth 884:889 a significant growth 870:889 a significant growth (P<0.05) from 86 to 102 nm in gyration radius 870:935 Furthermore, a significant growth (P<0.05) from 86 to 102 nm in gyration radius was measured. 27083361 2 6 theme model 493:497 arg1 solution 499:506 ethanolic (4% w/w) model solution 474:506 ethanolic (4% w/w) model solution 474:506 In this context, influences of the beer volatiles dodecanoic acid, octyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate on molar mass and radii of barley β-glucan were investigated in ethanolic (4% w/w) model solution. 27083361 0 7 from Impact 0:5 arg1 behaviour 51:59 the aggregation behaviour 35:59 the aggregation behaviour of dissolved barley 35:79 Impact of flavouring substances on the aggregation behaviour of dissolved barley β-glucans in a model beer. 27083361 2 8 from influences 309:318 arg1 radii 428:432 radii 428:432 radii 428:432 In this context, influences of the beer volatiles dodecanoic acid, octyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate on molar mass and radii of barley β-glucan were investigated in ethanolic (4% w/w) model solution. 27083361 2 8 from influences 309:318 arg1 mass 419:422 molar mass 413:422 molar mass 413:422 In this context, influences of the beer volatiles dodecanoic acid, octyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate on molar mass and radii of barley β-glucan were investigated in ethanolic (4% w/w) model solution. 27083361 6 9 theme aggregation 1074:1084 arg1 behaviour 1086:1094 the aggregation behaviour 1070:1094 the aggregation behaviour of β-glucan 1070:1106 The obtained results elucidate the importance of fatty acid derived flavouring substance composition in beer regarding the aggregation behaviour of β-glucan. 27083361 4 10 contain containing 831:840 arg1 solution 822:829 solution 822:829 solution containing decyl acetate 822:854 Due to agglomeration, average molar mass of β-glucan standard (MW=6.8×10(6)g/mol) increased by 2×10(6)g/mol (P<0.05) in solution containing decyl acetate. 27083361 4 10 contain containing 831:840 arg2 acetate 848:854 decyl acetate 842:854 decyl acetate 842:854 Due to agglomeration, average molar mass of β-glucan standard (MW=6.8×10(6)g/mol) increased by 2×10(6)g/mol (P<0.05) in solution containing decyl acetate. 27083361 6 11 theme β-glucan 1099:1106 arg1 behaviour 1086:1094 the aggregation behaviour 1070:1094 the aggregation behaviour of β-glucan 1070:1106 The obtained results elucidate the importance of fatty acid derived flavouring substance composition in beer regarding the aggregation behaviour of β-glucan. 27083361 1 12 theme agglomeration 267:279 arg1 behaviour 281:289 agglomeration behaviour 267:289 agglomeration behaviour 267:289 Structural polymers such as cereal β-glucan may cause various processing problems in beverage industry depending on concentration, molar size distribution and agglomeration behaviour. 27083361 2 13 theme w/w 488:490 arg1 % 486:486 4% w/w 485:490 4% w/w 485:490 In this context, influences of the beer volatiles dodecanoic acid, octyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate on molar mass and radii of barley β-glucan were investigated in ethanolic (4% w/w) model solution. 27083361 4 14 theme standard 755:762 arg1 mass 738:741 average molar mass 724:741 average molar mass of β-glucan standard (MW=6.8×10(6)g/mol) 724:782 Due to agglomeration, average molar mass of β-glucan standard (MW=6.8×10(6)g/mol) increased by 2×10(6)g/mol (P<0.05) in solution containing decyl acetate. 27083361 1 15 theme processing 170:179 arg1 problems 181:188 various processing problems 162:188 various processing problems 162:188 Structural polymers such as cereal β-glucan may cause various processing problems in beverage industry depending on concentration, molar size distribution and agglomeration behaviour. 27083361 0 16 theme model 96:100 arg1 beer 102:105 a model beer 94:105 a model beer 94:105 Impact of flavouring substances on the aggregation behaviour of dissolved barley β-glucans in a model beer. 27083361 1 17 theme various 162:168 arg1 problems 181:188 various processing problems 162:188 various processing problems 162:188 Structural polymers such as cereal β-glucan may cause various processing problems in beverage industry depending on concentration, molar size distribution and agglomeration behaviour. 27083361 3 18 theme ethyl 535:539 arg1 decanoate 541:549 100mg/l ethyl decanoate 527:549 100mg/l ethyl decanoate 527:549 After addition of 100mg/l ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate to the β-glucan solution, a wider-ranging molar mass distribution could be observed by means of asymmetric field-flow-fractionation. 27083361 2 19 theme ethyl 376:380 arg1 decanoate 382:390 ethyl decanoate 376:390 ethyl decanoate 376:390 In this context, influences of the beer volatiles dodecanoic acid, octyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate on molar mass and radii of barley β-glucan were investigated in ethanolic (4% w/w) model solution. 27083361 2 19 theme ethyl 376:380 arg1 volatiles 332:340 the beer volatiles dodecanoic acid, octyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate 323:408 the beer volatiles dodecanoic acid, octyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate 323:408 In this context, influences of the beer volatiles dodecanoic acid, octyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate on molar mass and radii of barley β-glucan were investigated in ethanolic (4% w/w) model solution. 27083361 3 20 theme 100mg/l 527:533 arg1 decanoate 541:549 100mg/l ethyl decanoate 527:549 100mg/l ethyl decanoate 527:549 After addition of 100mg/l ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate to the β-glucan solution, a wider-ranging molar mass distribution could be observed by means of asymmetric field-flow-fractionation. 27083361 3 21 theme decanoate 541:549 arg1 addition 515:522 addition 515:522 addition of 100mg/l ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate to the β-glucan solution 515:592 After addition of 100mg/l ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate to the β-glucan solution, a wider-ranging molar mass distribution could be observed by means of asymmetric field-flow-fractionation. 27083361 0 22 theme substances 21:30 arg1 Impact 0:5 Impact 0:5 Impact of flavouring substances on the aggregation behaviour of dissolved barley 0:79 Impact of flavouring substances on the aggregation behaviour of dissolved barley β-glucans in a model beer. 27083361 4 23 theme molar 732:736 arg1 mass 738:741 average molar mass 724:741 average molar mass of β-glucan standard (MW=6.8×10(6)g/mol) 724:782 Due to agglomeration, average molar mass of β-glucan standard (MW=6.8×10(6)g/mol) increased by 2×10(6)g/mol (P<0.05) in solution containing decyl acetate. 27083361 2 24 theme molar 413:417 arg1 mass 419:422 molar mass 413:422 molar mass 413:422 In this context, influences of the beer volatiles dodecanoic acid, octyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate on molar mass and radii of barley β-glucan were investigated in ethanolic (4% w/w) model solution. 27083361 0 25 theme flavouring 10:19 arg1 substances 21:30 flavouring substances 10:30 flavouring substances 10:30 Impact of flavouring substances on the aggregation behaviour of dissolved barley β-glucans in a model beer. 27083361 4 26 theme decyl 842:846 arg1 acetate 848:854 decyl acetate 842:854 decyl acetate 842:854 Due to agglomeration, average molar mass of β-glucan standard (MW=6.8×10(6)g/mol) increased by 2×10(6)g/mol (P<0.05) in solution containing decyl acetate. 27083361 3 27 theme molar 611:615 arg1 distribution 622:633 a wider-ranging molar mass distribution 595:633 a wider-ranging molar mass distribution 595:633 After addition of 100mg/l ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate to the β-glucan solution, a wider-ranging molar mass distribution could be observed by means of asymmetric field-flow-fractionation. 27083361 2 28 dep volatiles 332:340 arg1 decanoate 382:390 ethyl decanoate 376:390 ethyl decanoate 376:390 In this context, influences of the beer volatiles dodecanoic acid, octyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate on molar mass and radii of barley β-glucan were investigated in ethanolic (4% w/w) model solution. 27083361 2 28 dep volatiles 332:340 arg1 acetate 402:408 decyl acetate 396:408 decyl acetate 396:408 In this context, influences of the beer volatiles dodecanoic acid, octyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate on molar mass and radii of barley β-glucan were investigated in ethanolic (4% w/w) model solution. 27083361 2 28 dep volatiles 332:340 arg1 volatiles 332:340 the beer volatiles dodecanoic acid, octyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate 323:408 the beer volatiles dodecanoic acid, octyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate 323:408 In this context, influences of the beer volatiles dodecanoic acid, octyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate on molar mass and radii of barley β-glucan were investigated in ethanolic (4% w/w) model solution. 27083361 2 28 dep volatiles 332:340 arg1 acid 353:356 dodecanoic acid 342:356 dodecanoic acid 342:356 In this context, influences of the beer volatiles dodecanoic acid, octyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate on molar mass and radii of barley β-glucan were investigated in ethanolic (4% w/w) model solution. 27083361 2 28 dep volatiles 332:340 arg1 butanoate 365:373 octyl butanoate 359:373 octyl butanoate 359:373 In this context, influences of the beer volatiles dodecanoic acid, octyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate on molar mass and radii of barley β-glucan were investigated in ethanolic (4% w/w) model solution. 27083361 1 29 theme beverage 193:200 arg1 industry 202:209 beverage industry 193:209 beverage industry 193:209 Structural polymers such as cereal β-glucan may cause various processing problems in beverage industry depending on concentration, molar size distribution and agglomeration behaviour. 27083361 2 30 theme volatiles 332:340 arg1 influences 309:318 influences 309:318 influences of the beer volatiles dodecanoic acid, octyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate on molar mass and radii of barley β-glucan 309:451 In this context, influences of the beer volatiles dodecanoic acid, octyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate on molar mass and radii of barley β-glucan were investigated in ethanolic (4% w/w) model solution. 27083361 3 31 theme mass 617:620 arg1 distribution 622:633 a wider-ranging molar mass distribution 595:633 a wider-ranging molar mass distribution 595:633 After addition of 100mg/l ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate to the β-glucan solution, a wider-ranging molar mass distribution could be observed by means of asymmetric field-flow-fractionation. 27083361 3 32 theme acetate 561:567 arg1 addition 515:522 addition 515:522 addition of 100mg/l ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate to the β-glucan solution 515:592 After addition of 100mg/l ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate to the β-glucan solution, a wider-ranging molar mass distribution could be observed by means of asymmetric field-flow-fractionation. 27083361 5 33 theme gyration 921:928 arg1 radius 930:935 gyration radius 921:935 gyration radius 921:935 Furthermore, a significant growth (P<0.05) from 86 to 102 nm in gyration radius was measured. 27083361 2 34 theme decyl 396:400 arg1 volatiles 332:340 the beer volatiles dodecanoic acid, octyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate 323:408 the beer volatiles dodecanoic acid, octyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate 323:408 In this context, influences of the beer volatiles dodecanoic acid, octyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate on molar mass and radii of barley β-glucan were investigated in ethanolic (4% w/w) model solution. 27083361 2 34 theme decyl 396:400 arg1 acetate 402:408 decyl acetate 396:408 decyl acetate 396:408 In this context, influences of the beer volatiles dodecanoic acid, octyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate on molar mass and radii of barley β-glucan were investigated in ethanolic (4% w/w) model solution. 27083361 2 35 theme β-glucan 444:451 arg1 radii 428:432 radii 428:432 radii 428:432 In this context, influences of the beer volatiles dodecanoic acid, octyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate on molar mass and radii of barley β-glucan were investigated in ethanolic (4% w/w) model solution. 27083361 2 35 theme β-glucan 444:451 arg1 mass 419:422 molar mass 413:422 molar mass 413:422 In this context, influences of the beer volatiles dodecanoic acid, octyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate on molar mass and radii of barley β-glucan were investigated in ethanolic (4% w/w) model solution. 27083361 2 36 dep ethanolic 474:482 arg1 % 486:486 4% w/w 485:490 4% w/w 485:490 In this context, influences of the beer volatiles dodecanoic acid, octyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate on molar mass and radii of barley β-glucan were investigated in ethanolic (4% w/w) model solution. 27083361 3 37 theme wider-ranging 597:609 arg1 distribution 622:633 a wider-ranging molar mass distribution 595:633 a wider-ranging molar mass distribution 595:633 After addition of 100mg/l ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate to the β-glucan solution, a wider-ranging molar mass distribution could be observed by means of asymmetric field-flow-fractionation. 27083361 2 38 theme dodecanoic 342:351 arg1 volatiles 332:340 the beer volatiles dodecanoic acid, octyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate 323:408 the beer volatiles dodecanoic acid, octyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate 323:408 In this context, influences of the beer volatiles dodecanoic acid, octyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate on molar mass and radii of barley β-glucan were investigated in ethanolic (4% w/w) model solution. 27083361 2 38 theme dodecanoic 342:351 arg1 acid 353:356 dodecanoic acid 342:356 dodecanoic acid 342:356 In this context, influences of the beer volatiles dodecanoic acid, octyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate on molar mass and radii of barley β-glucan were investigated in ethanolic (4% w/w) model solution. 27083361 0 39 theme aggregation 39:49 arg1 behaviour 51:59 the aggregation behaviour 35:59 the aggregation behaviour of dissolved barley 35:79 Impact of flavouring substances on the aggregation behaviour of dissolved barley β-glucans in a model beer. 27083361 2 40 theme barley 437:442 arg1 β-glucan 444:451 barley β-glucan 437:451 barley β-glucan 437:451 In this context, influences of the beer volatiles dodecanoic acid, octyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate on molar mass and radii of barley β-glucan were investigated in ethanolic (4% w/w) model solution. 27083361 3 41 theme decyl 555:559 arg1 acetate 561:567 decyl acetate 555:567 decyl acetate 555:567 After addition of 100mg/l ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate to the β-glucan solution, a wider-ranging molar mass distribution could be observed by means of asymmetric field-flow-fractionation. 27083361 1 42 theme Structural 108:117 arg1 polymers 119:126 Structural polymers 108:126 Structural polymers such as cereal β-glucan 108:150 Structural polymers such as cereal β-glucan may cause various processing problems in beverage industry depending on concentration, molar size distribution and agglomeration behaviour. 27083361 1 42 theme Structural 108:117 arg1 β-glucan 143:150 cereal β-glucan 136:150 cereal β-glucan 136:150 Structural polymers such as cereal β-glucan may cause various processing problems in beverage industry depending on concentration, molar size distribution and agglomeration behaviour. 27083361 2 43 theme beer 327:330 arg1 volatiles 332:340 the beer volatiles dodecanoic acid, octyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate 323:408 the beer volatiles dodecanoic acid, octyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate 323:408 In this context, influences of the beer volatiles dodecanoic acid, octyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate on molar mass and radii of barley β-glucan were investigated in ethanolic (4% w/w) model solution. 27083361 2 43 theme beer 327:330 arg1 decanoate 382:390 ethyl decanoate 376:390 ethyl decanoate 376:390 In this context, influences of the beer volatiles dodecanoic acid, octyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate on molar mass and radii of barley β-glucan were investigated in ethanolic (4% w/w) model solution. 27083361 2 43 theme beer 327:330 arg1 butanoate 365:373 octyl butanoate 359:373 octyl butanoate 359:373 In this context, influences of the beer volatiles dodecanoic acid, octyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate on molar mass and radii of barley β-glucan were investigated in ethanolic (4% w/w) model solution. 27083361 2 43 theme beer 327:330 arg1 acid 353:356 dodecanoic acid 342:356 dodecanoic acid 342:356 In this context, influences of the beer volatiles dodecanoic acid, octyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate on molar mass and radii of barley β-glucan were investigated in ethanolic (4% w/w) model solution. 27083361 2 43 theme beer 327:330 arg1 acetate 402:408 decyl acetate 396:408 decyl acetate 396:408 In this context, influences of the beer volatiles dodecanoic acid, octyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate on molar mass and radii of barley β-glucan were investigated in ethanolic (4% w/w) model solution. 27083361 5 44 theme significant 872:882 arg1 P<0.05 892:897 P<0.05 892:897 P<0.05 892:897 Furthermore, a significant growth (P<0.05) from 86 to 102 nm in gyration radius was measured. 27083361 5 44 theme significant 872:882 arg1 growth 884:889 a significant growth 870:889 a significant growth (P<0.05) from 86 to 102 nm in gyration radius 870:935 Furthermore, a significant growth (P<0.05) from 86 to 102 nm in gyration radius was measured. 27083361 6 45 theme obtained 955:962 arg1 results 964:970 The obtained results 951:970 The obtained results 951:970 The obtained results elucidate the importance of fatty acid derived flavouring substance composition in beer regarding the aggregation behaviour of β-glucan. 27083361 4 46 theme average 724:730 arg1 mass 738:741 average molar mass 724:741 average molar mass of β-glucan standard (MW=6.8×10(6)g/mol) 724:782 Due to agglomeration, average molar mass of β-glucan standard (MW=6.8×10(6)g/mol) increased by 2×10(6)g/mol (P<0.05) in solution containing decyl acetate. 27083361 1 47 theme cereal 136:141 arg1 β-glucan 143:150 cereal β-glucan 136:150 cereal β-glucan 136:150 Structural polymers such as cereal β-glucan may cause various processing problems in beverage industry depending on concentration, molar size distribution and agglomeration behaviour. 27083361 6 48 theme substance 1030:1038 arg1 composition 1040:1050 substance composition 1030:1050 substance composition 1030:1050 The obtained results elucidate the importance of fatty acid derived flavouring substance composition in beer regarding the aggregation behaviour of β-glucan. 27083361 0 49 theme dissolved 64:72 arg1 barley 74:79 dissolved barley 64:79 dissolved barley 64:79 Impact of flavouring substances on the aggregation behaviour of dissolved barley β-glucans in a model beer. 27083361 6 50 theme acid 1006:1009 arg1 importance 986:995 the importance 982:995 the importance of fatty acid derived flavouring substance composition in beer regarding the aggregation behaviour of β-glucan 982:1106 The obtained results elucidate the importance of fatty acid derived flavouring substance composition in beer regarding the aggregation behaviour of β-glucan. 27083361 5 51 dep 102 911:913 arg1 to 908:909 to 908:909 to 908:909 Furthermore, a significant growth (P<0.05) from 86 to 102 nm in gyration radius was measured. 27083361 5 52 from growth 884:889 arg1 radius 930:935 gyration radius 921:935 gyration radius 921:935 Furthermore, a significant growth (P<0.05) from 86 to 102 nm in gyration radius was measured. 27083361 3 53 theme β-glucan 576:583 arg1 solution 585:592 the β-glucan solution 572:592 the β-glucan solution 572:592 After addition of 100mg/l ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate to the β-glucan solution, a wider-ranging molar mass distribution could be observed by means of asymmetric field-flow-fractionation. 27083361 2 54 theme octyl 359:363 arg1 volatiles 332:340 the beer volatiles dodecanoic acid, octyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate 323:408 the beer volatiles dodecanoic acid, octyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate 323:408 In this context, influences of the beer volatiles dodecanoic acid, octyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate on molar mass and radii of barley β-glucan were investigated in ethanolic (4% w/w) model solution. 27083361 2 54 theme octyl 359:363 arg1 butanoate 365:373 octyl butanoate 359:373 octyl butanoate 359:373 In this context, influences of the beer volatiles dodecanoic acid, octyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate and decyl acetate on molar mass and radii of barley β-glucan were investigated in ethanolic (4% w/w) model solution. 27083361 1 55 theme molar 239:243 arg1 distribution 250:261 molar size distribution 239:261 molar size distribution 239:261 Structural polymers such as cereal β-glucan may cause various processing problems in beverage industry depending on concentration, molar size distribution and agglomeration behaviour. 28208822 8 0 theme tensile 1049:1055 arg1 strength 1057:1064 the tensile strength 1045:1064 the tensile strength of uncured and chemically cross-linked films 1045:1109 The use of adipic acid improved the tensile strength of uncured and chemically cross-linked films more than 60% and 113%, respectively. 28208822 7 1 theme uncross-linked 951:964 arg1 films 992:996 physically cross-linked (uncured), chemically cross-linked (cured), and uncross-linked (prepared by acetic acid) films 879:996 physically cross-linked (uncured), chemically cross-linked (cured), and uncross-linked (prepared by acetic acid) films 879:996 In order to evaluate the effects of adipic acid, the mechanical properties of physically cross-linked (uncured), chemically cross-linked (cured), and uncross-linked (prepared by acetic acid) films were compared. 28208822 10 2 theme wt 1358:1359 arg1 CNFs 1363:1366 5 wt % CNFs 1356:1366 5 wt % CNFs 1356:1366 The plasticized chitosan films reinforced by 5 wt % CNFs showed superior properties as a promising material for the development of chitosan-based biomaterials. 28208822 9 3 theme cellulose 1172:1180 arg1 CNFs 1195:1198 CNFs 1195:1198 CNFs 1195:1198 Finally, the effect of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) on the mechanical performance of cured films, in the presence of glycerol as a plasticizer, was investigated. 28208822 9 3 theme cellulose 1172:1180 arg1 nanofibrils 1182:1192 cellulose nanofibrils 1172:1192 cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) 1172:1199 Finally, the effect of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) on the mechanical performance of cured films, in the presence of glycerol as a plasticizer, was investigated. 28208822 10 4 theme chitosan 1327:1334 arg1 films 1336:1340 The plasticized chitosan films 1311:1340 The plasticized chitosan films reinforced by 5 wt % CNFs 1311:1366 The plasticized chitosan films reinforced by 5 wt % CNFs showed superior properties as a promising material for the development of chitosan-based biomaterials. 28208822 9 5 from films 1240:1244 arg1 presence 1254:1261 the presence 1250:1261 the presence of glycerol as a plasticizer 1250:1290 Finally, the effect of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) on the mechanical performance of cured films, in the presence of glycerol as a plasticizer, was investigated. 28208822 7 6 link cross-linked 890:901 arg1 films 992:996 physically cross-linked (uncured), chemically cross-linked (cured), and uncross-linked (prepared by acetic acid) films 879:996 physically cross-linked (uncured), chemically cross-linked (cured), and uncross-linked (prepared by acetic acid) films 879:996 In order to evaluate the effects of adipic acid, the mechanical properties of physically cross-linked (uncured), chemically cross-linked (cured), and uncross-linked (prepared by acetic acid) films were compared. 28208822 9 7 theme nanofibrils 1182:1192 arg1 effect 1162:1167 the effect 1158:1167 the effect of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) on the mechanical performance of cured films, in the presence of glycerol as a plasticizer, 1158:1291 Finally, the effect of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) on the mechanical performance of cured films, in the presence of glycerol as a plasticizer, was investigated. 28208822 2 8 dep transform 327:335 arg1 infrared 337:344 infrared 337:344 transform infrared (FT-IR) 327:352 After the preparation of chitosan films through casting technique, the in situ amidation reaction was performed at 80-100 °C as verified by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). 28208822 6 9 dep conditions 722:731 arg1 °C 737:738 84 °C 734:738 84 °C 734:738 First, optimal curing conditions (84 °C, 93 min) were introduced through a central composite design. 28208822 6 9 dep conditions 722:731 arg1 min 744:746 93 min 741:746 93 min 741:746 First, optimal curing conditions (84 °C, 93 min) were introduced through a central composite design. 28208822 2 10 theme amidation 258:266 arg1 reaction 268:275 the in situ amidation reaction 246:275 the in situ amidation reaction 246:275 After the preparation of chitosan films through casting technique, the in situ amidation reaction was performed at 80-100 °C as verified by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). 28208822 8 11 link cross-linked 1092:1103 arg1 films 1105:1109 uncured and chemically cross-linked films 1069:1109 uncured and chemically cross-linked films 1069:1109 The use of adipic acid improved the tensile strength of uncured and chemically cross-linked films more than 60% and 113%, respectively. 28208822 2 12 dep Fourier 319:325 arg1 transform 327:335 transform 327:335 transform infrared (FT-IR) 327:352 After the preparation of chitosan films through casting technique, the in situ amidation reaction was performed at 80-100 °C as verified by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). 28208822 1 13 used used 137:140 arg2 acid 92:95 Adipic acid 85:95 Adipic acid 85:95 Adipic acid, an abundant and nontoxic compound, was used to dissolve and cross-link chitosan. 28208822 1 13 used used 137:140 arg2 compound 123:130 an abundant and nontoxic compound 98:130 an abundant and nontoxic compound 98:130 Adipic acid, an abundant and nontoxic compound, was used to dissolve and cross-link chitosan. 28208822 1 14 theme abundant 101:108 arg1 acid 92:95 Adipic acid 85:95 Adipic acid 85:95 Adipic acid, an abundant and nontoxic compound, was used to dissolve and cross-link chitosan. 28208822 1 14 theme abundant 101:108 arg1 compound 123:130 an abundant and nontoxic compound 98:130 an abundant and nontoxic compound 98:130 Adipic acid, an abundant and nontoxic compound, was used to dissolve and cross-link chitosan. 28208822 9 15 from performance 1219:1229 arg1 presence 1254:1261 the presence 1250:1261 the presence of glycerol as a plasticizer 1250:1290 Finally, the effect of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) on the mechanical performance of cured films, in the presence of glycerol as a plasticizer, was investigated. 28208822 7 16 theme cross-linked 890:901 arg1 films 992:996 physically cross-linked (uncured), chemically cross-linked (cured), and uncross-linked (prepared by acetic acid) films 879:996 physically cross-linked (uncured), chemically cross-linked (cured), and uncross-linked (prepared by acetic acid) films 879:996 In order to evaluate the effects of adipic acid, the mechanical properties of physically cross-linked (uncured), chemically cross-linked (cured), and uncross-linked (prepared by acetic acid) films were compared. 28208822 8 17 theme films 1105:1109 arg1 strength 1057:1064 the tensile strength 1045:1064 the tensile strength of uncured and chemically cross-linked films 1045:1109 The use of adipic acid improved the tensile strength of uncured and chemically cross-linked films more than 60% and 113%, respectively. 28208822 8 18 theme uncured 1069:1075 arg1 films 1105:1109 uncured and chemically cross-linked films 1069:1109 uncured and chemically cross-linked films 1069:1109 The use of adipic acid improved the tensile strength of uncured and chemically cross-linked films more than 60% and 113%, respectively. 28208822 2 19 theme in 250:251 arg1 reaction 268:275 the in situ amidation reaction 246:275 the in situ amidation reaction 246:275 After the preparation of chitosan films through casting technique, the in situ amidation reaction was performed at 80-100 °C as verified by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). 28208822 3 20 theme water 402:406 arg1 release 391:397 the release 387:397 the release of water which was employed to investigate the reaction kinetics 387:462 The reaction was accompanied by the release of water which was employed to investigate the reaction kinetics. 28208822 8 21 theme cross-linked 1092:1103 arg1 films 1105:1109 uncured and chemically cross-linked films 1069:1109 uncured and chemically cross-linked films 1069:1109 The use of adipic acid improved the tensile strength of uncured and chemically cross-linked films more than 60% and 113%, respectively. 28208822 7 22 theme films 992:996 arg1 properties 865:874 the mechanical properties 850:874 the mechanical properties of physically cross-linked (uncured), chemically cross-linked (cured), and uncross-linked (prepared by acetic acid) films 850:996 In order to evaluate the effects of adipic acid, the mechanical properties of physically cross-linked (uncured), chemically cross-linked (cured), and uncross-linked (prepared by acetic acid) films were compared. 28208822 1 23 theme Adipic 85:90 arg1 acid 92:95 Adipic acid 85:95 Adipic acid 85:95 Adipic acid, an abundant and nontoxic compound, was used to dissolve and cross-link chitosan. 28208822 1 23 theme Adipic 85:90 arg1 compound 123:130 an abundant and nontoxic compound 98:130 an abundant and nontoxic compound 98:130 Adipic acid, an abundant and nontoxic compound, was used to dissolve and cross-link chitosan. 28208822 10 24 theme biomaterials 1457:1468 arg1 development 1427:1437 the development 1423:1437 the development of chitosan-based biomaterials 1423:1468 The plasticized chitosan films reinforced by 5 wt % CNFs showed superior properties as a promising material for the development of chitosan-based biomaterials. 28208822 9 25 from presence 1254:1261 arg1 performance 1219:1229 the mechanical performance 1204:1229 the mechanical performance of cured films, in the presence of glycerol as a plasticizer, 1204:1291 Finally, the effect of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) on the mechanical performance of cured films, in the presence of glycerol as a plasticizer, was investigated. 28208822 10 26 theme plasticized 1315:1325 arg1 films 1336:1340 The plasticized chitosan films 1311:1340 The plasticized chitosan films reinforced by 5 wt % CNFs 1311:1366 The plasticized chitosan films reinforced by 5 wt % CNFs showed superior properties as a promising material for the development of chitosan-based biomaterials. 28208822 10 27 theme superior 1375:1382 arg1 material 1410:1417 a promising material 1398:1417 a promising material for the development of chitosan-based biomaterials 1398:1468 The plasticized chitosan films reinforced by 5 wt % CNFs showed superior properties as a promising material for the development of chitosan-based biomaterials. 28208822 10 27 theme superior 1375:1382 arg1 properties 1384:1393 superior properties 1375:1393 superior properties 1375:1393 The plasticized chitosan films reinforced by 5 wt % CNFs showed superior properties as a promising material for the development of chitosan-based biomaterials. 28208822 9 28 theme glycerol 1266:1273 arg1 presence 1254:1261 the presence 1250:1261 the presence of glycerol as a plasticizer 1250:1290 Finally, the effect of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) on the mechanical performance of cured films, in the presence of glycerol as a plasticizer, was investigated. 28208822 0 29 theme Reinforced 29:38 arg1 Films 49:53 Nanocellulose Reinforced Chitosan Films 15:53 Nanocellulose Reinforced Chitosan Films 15:53 Preparation of Nanocellulose Reinforced Chitosan Films, Cross-Linked by Adipic Acid. 28208822 4 30 theme first-order 509:519 arg1 model 521:525 the first-order model 505:525 the first-order model 505:525 Accordingly, the reaction rate followed the first-order model and Arrhenius equation, and the activation energy was calculated to be 18 kJ/mol. 28208822 5 31 theme chitosan 655:662 arg1 films 664:668 the chitosan films 651:668 the chitosan films 651:668 Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the chitosan films were comprehensively studied. 28208822 7 32 theme mechanical 854:863 arg1 properties 865:874 the mechanical properties 850:874 the mechanical properties of physically cross-linked (uncured), chemically cross-linked (cured), and uncross-linked (prepared by acetic acid) films 850:996 In order to evaluate the effects of adipic acid, the mechanical properties of physically cross-linked (uncured), chemically cross-linked (cured), and uncross-linked (prepared by acetic acid) films were compared. 28208822 0 33 theme Nanocellulose 15:27 arg1 Films 49:53 Nanocellulose Reinforced Chitosan Films 15:53 Nanocellulose Reinforced Chitosan Films 15:53 Preparation of Nanocellulose Reinforced Chitosan Films, Cross-Linked by Adipic Acid. 28208822 4 34 theme Arrhenius 531:539 arg1 equation 541:548 Arrhenius equation 531:548 Arrhenius equation 531:548 Accordingly, the reaction rate followed the first-order model and Arrhenius equation, and the activation energy was calculated to be 18 kJ/mol. 28208822 5 35 theme films 664:668 arg1 properties 637:646 the mechanical properties 622:646 the mechanical properties of the chitosan films 622:668 Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the chitosan films were comprehensively studied. 28208822 10 36 theme promising 1400:1408 arg1 material 1410:1417 a promising material 1398:1417 a promising material for the development of chitosan-based biomaterials 1398:1468 The plasticized chitosan films reinforced by 5 wt % CNFs showed superior properties as a promising material for the development of chitosan-based biomaterials. 28208822 10 36 theme promising 1400:1408 arg1 properties 1384:1393 superior properties 1375:1393 superior properties 1375:1393 The plasticized chitosan films reinforced by 5 wt % CNFs showed superior properties as a promising material for the development of chitosan-based biomaterials. 28208822 0 37 theme Films 49:53 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation of Nanocellulose Reinforced Chitosan Films, Cross-Linked by Adipic Acid. 28208822 7 38 link cross-linked 925:936 arg1 films 992:996 physically cross-linked (uncured), chemically cross-linked (cured), and uncross-linked (prepared by acetic acid) films 879:996 physically cross-linked (uncured), chemically cross-linked (cured), and uncross-linked (prepared by acetic acid) films 879:996 In order to evaluate the effects of adipic acid, the mechanical properties of physically cross-linked (uncured), chemically cross-linked (cured), and uncross-linked (prepared by acetic acid) films were compared. 28208822 10 39 theme chitosan-based 1442:1455 arg1 biomaterials 1457:1468 chitosan-based biomaterials 1442:1468 chitosan-based biomaterials 1442:1468 The plasticized chitosan films reinforced by 5 wt % CNFs showed superior properties as a promising material for the development of chitosan-based biomaterials. 28208822 7 40 dep cross-linked 925:936 arg1 cured 939:943 cured 939:943 cured 939:943 In order to evaluate the effects of adipic acid, the mechanical properties of physically cross-linked (uncured), chemically cross-linked (cured), and uncross-linked (prepared by acetic acid) films were compared. 28208822 0 41 theme Chitosan 40:47 arg1 Films 49:53 Nanocellulose Reinforced Chitosan Films 15:53 Nanocellulose Reinforced Chitosan Films 15:53 Preparation of Nanocellulose Reinforced Chitosan Films, Cross-Linked by Adipic Acid. 28208822 9 42 theme cured 1234:1238 arg1 films 1240:1244 cured films 1234:1244 cured films 1234:1244 Finally, the effect of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) on the mechanical performance of cured films, in the presence of glycerol as a plasticizer, was investigated. 28208822 7 43 theme acetic 979:984 arg1 acid 986:989 acetic acid 979:989 acetic acid 979:989 In order to evaluate the effects of adipic acid, the mechanical properties of physically cross-linked (uncured), chemically cross-linked (cured), and uncross-linked (prepared by acetic acid) films were compared. 28208822 9 44 from effect 1162:1167 arg1 performance 1219:1229 the mechanical performance 1204:1229 the mechanical performance of cured films, in the presence of glycerol as a plasticizer, 1204:1291 Finally, the effect of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) on the mechanical performance of cured films, in the presence of glycerol as a plasticizer, was investigated. 28208822 2 45 theme films 213:217 arg1 preparation 189:199 the preparation 185:199 the preparation of chitosan films through casting technique 185:243 After the preparation of chitosan films through casting technique, the in situ amidation reaction was performed at 80-100 °C as verified by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). 28208822 7 46 dep order 804:808 arg1 evaluate 813:820 evaluate 813:820 to evaluate the effects of adipic acid 810:847 In order to evaluate the effects of adipic acid, the mechanical properties of physically cross-linked (uncured), chemically cross-linked (cured), and uncross-linked (prepared by acetic acid) films were compared. 28208822 4 47 theme reaction 482:489 arg1 rate 491:494 the reaction rate 478:494 the reaction rate 478:494 Accordingly, the reaction rate followed the first-order model and Arrhenius equation, and the activation energy was calculated to be 18 kJ/mol. 28208822 5 48 theme mechanical 626:635 arg1 properties 637:646 the mechanical properties 622:646 the mechanical properties of the chitosan films 622:668 Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the chitosan films were comprehensively studied. 28208822 9 49 theme mechanical 1208:1217 arg1 performance 1219:1229 the mechanical performance 1204:1229 the mechanical performance of cured films, in the presence of glycerol as a plasticizer, 1204:1291 Finally, the effect of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) on the mechanical performance of cured films, in the presence of glycerol as a plasticizer, was investigated. 28208822 2 50 theme chitosan 204:211 arg1 films 213:217 chitosan films 204:217 chitosan films through casting technique 204:243 After the preparation of chitosan films through casting technique, the in situ amidation reaction was performed at 80-100 °C as verified by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). 28208822 3 51 theme reaction 446:453 arg1 kinetics 455:462 the reaction kinetics 442:462 the reaction kinetics 442:462 The reaction was accompanied by the release of water which was employed to investigate the reaction kinetics. 28208822 10 52 theme % 1361:1361 arg1 CNFs 1363:1366 5 wt % CNFs 1356:1366 5 wt % CNFs 1356:1366 The plasticized chitosan films reinforced by 5 wt % CNFs showed superior properties as a promising material for the development of chitosan-based biomaterials. 28208822 6 53 theme composite 783:791 arg1 design 793:798 a central composite design 773:798 a central composite design 773:798 First, optimal curing conditions (84 °C, 93 min) were introduced through a central composite design. 28208822 6 54 theme curing 715:720 arg1 conditions 722:731 optimal curing conditions 707:731 optimal curing conditions (84 °C, 93 min) 707:747 First, optimal curing conditions (84 °C, 93 min) were introduced through a central composite design. 28208822 7 55 link uncross-linked 951:964 arg1 films 992:996 physically cross-linked (uncured), chemically cross-linked (cured), and uncross-linked (prepared by acetic acid) films 879:996 physically cross-linked (uncured), chemically cross-linked (cured), and uncross-linked (prepared by acetic acid) films 879:996 In order to evaluate the effects of adipic acid, the mechanical properties of physically cross-linked (uncured), chemically cross-linked (cured), and uncross-linked (prepared by acetic acid) films were compared. 28208822 7 56 theme acid 844:847 arg1 effects 826:832 the effects 822:832 the effects of adipic acid 822:847 In order to evaluate the effects of adipic acid, the mechanical properties of physically cross-linked (uncured), chemically cross-linked (cured), and uncross-linked (prepared by acetic acid) films were compared. 28208822 8 57 theme adipic 1024:1029 arg1 acid 1031:1034 adipic acid 1024:1034 adipic acid 1024:1034 The use of adipic acid improved the tensile strength of uncured and chemically cross-linked films more than 60% and 113%, respectively. 28208822 6 58 theme central 775:781 arg1 design 793:798 a central composite design 773:798 a central composite design 773:798 First, optimal curing conditions (84 °C, 93 min) were introduced through a central composite design. 28208822 6 59 theme optimal 707:713 arg1 conditions 722:731 optimal curing conditions 707:731 optimal curing conditions (84 °C, 93 min) 707:747 First, optimal curing conditions (84 °C, 93 min) were introduced through a central composite design. 28208822 1 60 theme nontoxic 114:121 arg1 acid 92:95 Adipic acid 85:95 Adipic acid 85:95 Adipic acid, an abundant and nontoxic compound, was used to dissolve and cross-link chitosan. 28208822 1 60 theme nontoxic 114:121 arg1 compound 123:130 an abundant and nontoxic compound 98:130 an abundant and nontoxic compound 98:130 Adipic acid, an abundant and nontoxic compound, was used to dissolve and cross-link chitosan. 28208822 7 61 dep cross-linked 890:901 arg1 prepared 967:974 prepared 967:974 prepared by acetic acid 967:989 In order to evaluate the effects of adipic acid, the mechanical properties of physically cross-linked (uncured), chemically cross-linked (cured), and uncross-linked (prepared by acetic acid) films were compared. 28208822 7 61 dep cross-linked 890:901 arg1 uncured 904:910 uncured 904:910 uncured 904:910 In order to evaluate the effects of adipic acid, the mechanical properties of physically cross-linked (uncured), chemically cross-linked (cured), and uncross-linked (prepared by acetic acid) films were compared. 28208822 2 62 dep infrared 337:344 arg1 FT-IR 347:351 FT-IR 347:351 FT-IR 347:351 After the preparation of chitosan films through casting technique, the in situ amidation reaction was performed at 80-100 °C as verified by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). 28208822 4 63 theme activation 559:568 arg1 energy 570:575 the activation energy 555:575 the activation energy 555:575 Accordingly, the reaction rate followed the first-order model and Arrhenius equation, and the activation energy was calculated to be 18 kJ/mol. 28208822 4 63 theme activation 559:568 arg1 kJ/mol 601:606 18 kJ/mol 598:606 18 kJ/mol 598:606 Accordingly, the reaction rate followed the first-order model and Arrhenius equation, and the activation energy was calculated to be 18 kJ/mol. 28208822 0 64 theme Adipic 72:77 arg1 Acid 79:82 Adipic Acid 72:82 Adipic Acid 72:82 Preparation of Nanocellulose Reinforced Chitosan Films, Cross-Linked by Adipic Acid. 28208822 7 65 theme cross-linked 925:936 arg1 films 992:996 physically cross-linked (uncured), chemically cross-linked (cured), and uncross-linked (prepared by acetic acid) films 879:996 physically cross-linked (uncured), chemically cross-linked (cured), and uncross-linked (prepared by acetic acid) films 879:996 In order to evaluate the effects of adipic acid, the mechanical properties of physically cross-linked (uncured), chemically cross-linked (cured), and uncross-linked (prepared by acetic acid) films were compared. 28208822 7 66 theme adipic 837:842 arg1 acid 844:847 adipic acid 837:847 adipic acid 837:847 In order to evaluate the effects of adipic acid, the mechanical properties of physically cross-linked (uncured), chemically cross-linked (cured), and uncross-linked (prepared by acetic acid) films were compared. 28208822 8 67 theme acid 1031:1034 arg1 use 1017:1019 The use 1013:1019 The use of adipic acid 1013:1034 The use of adipic acid improved the tensile strength of uncured and chemically cross-linked films more than 60% and 113%, respectively. 28208822 2 68 theme casting 227:233 arg1 technique 235:243 casting technique 227:243 casting technique 227:243 After the preparation of chitosan films through casting technique, the in situ amidation reaction was performed at 80-100 °C as verified by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). 28208822 2 69 dep in 250:251 arg1 situ 253:256 situ 253:256 situ 253:256 After the preparation of chitosan films through casting technique, the in situ amidation reaction was performed at 80-100 °C as verified by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). 28208822 9 70 theme films 1240:1244 arg1 performance 1219:1229 the mechanical performance 1204:1229 the mechanical performance of cured films, in the presence of glycerol as a plasticizer, 1204:1291 Finally, the effect of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) on the mechanical performance of cured films, in the presence of glycerol as a plasticizer, was investigated. 25885324 7 0 theme inner 1153:1157 arg1 core 1168:1171 the inner membrane core 1149:1171 the inner membrane core 1149:1171 In contrast, the lipopeptides readily insert into the inner membrane core, and the concomitant increased hydration may be responsible for bilayer destabilization and antimicrobial function. 25885324 8 1 theme rational 1440:1447 arg1 development 1454:1464 future rational drug development 1433:1464 future rational drug development 1433:1464 Given the urgent need to develop novel, potent antibiotics, the results presented here reveal key mechanistic details that may be exploited for future rational drug development. 25885324 4 2 theme dynamics 649:656 arg1 simulation 658:667 the first molecular dynamics simulation 629:667 the first molecular dynamics simulation study of the interaction of the antimicrobial peptide, polymyxin B1 with complex models of both the inner and outer membranes of E. coli 629:804 To this end, we report the first molecular dynamics simulation study of the interaction of the antimicrobial peptide, polymyxin B1 with complex models of both the inner and outer membranes of E. coli. 25885324 1 3 theme small 141:145 arg1 proteins 157:164 small, cationic proteins 141:164 small, cationic proteins that can induce lysis of bacterial cells through interaction with their membranes 141:246 Antimicrobial peptides are small, cationic proteins that can induce lysis of bacterial cells through interaction with their membranes. 25885324 1 3 theme small 141:145 arg1 peptides 128:135 Antimicrobial peptides 114:135 Antimicrobial peptides 114:135 Antimicrobial peptides are small, cationic proteins that can induce lysis of bacterial cells through interaction with their membranes. 25885324 8 4 theme mechanistic 1387:1397 arg1 details 1399:1405 key mechanistic details 1383:1405 key mechanistic details that may be exploited for future rational drug development 1383:1464 Given the urgent need to develop novel, potent antibiotics, the results presented here reveal key mechanistic details that may be exploited for future rational drug development. 25885324 7 5 theme membrane 1159:1166 arg1 core 1168:1171 the inner membrane core 1149:1171 the inner membrane core 1149:1171 In contrast, the lipopeptides readily insert into the inner membrane core, and the concomitant increased hydration may be responsible for bilayer destabilization and antimicrobial function. 25885324 4 6 theme coli 801:804 arg1 membranes 785:793 both the inner and outer membranes 760:793 membranes 785:793 To this end, we report the first molecular dynamics simulation study of the interaction of the antimicrobial peptide, polymyxin B1 with complex models of both the inner and outer membranes of E. coli. 25885324 5 7 theme microseconds 826:837 arg1 results 811:817 The results 807:817 The results of >16 microseconds of simulation 807:851 The results of >16 microseconds of simulation predict that polymyxin B1 is likely to interact with the membranes via distinct mechanisms. 25885324 4 8 theme molecular 639:647 arg1 simulation 658:667 the first molecular dynamics simulation 629:667 the first molecular dynamics simulation study of the interaction of the antimicrobial peptide, polymyxin B1 with complex models of both the inner and outer membranes of E. coli 629:804 To this end, we report the first molecular dynamics simulation study of the interaction of the antimicrobial peptide, polymyxin B1 with complex models of both the inner and outer membranes of E. coli. 25885324 6 9 theme limited 1042:1048 arg1 tendency 1050:1057 limited tendency 1042:1057 limited tendency for insertion within the lipid A tails 1042:1096 The lipopeptides aggregate in the lipopolysaccharide headgroup region of the outer membrane with limited tendency for insertion within the lipid A tails. 25885324 3 10 theme cell 498:501 arg1 envelope 503:510 the cell envelope 494:510 the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli 494:552 Moreover, the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli contains two membranes with differing compositions. 25885324 6 11 theme A 1090:1090 arg1 tails 1092:1096 the lipid A tails 1080:1096 the lipid A tails 1080:1096 The lipopeptides aggregate in the lipopolysaccharide headgroup region of the outer membrane with limited tendency for insertion within the lipid A tails. 25885324 3 12 contain contains 554:561 arg2 membranes 567:575 two membranes 563:575 two membranes 563:575 Moreover, the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli contains two membranes with differing compositions. 25885324 3 12 contain contains 554:561 arg1 envelope 503:510 the cell envelope 494:510 the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli 494:552 Moreover, the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli contains two membranes with differing compositions. 25885324 0 13 theme coli 80:83 arg1 membranes 64:72 both membranes 59:72 both membranes of E. coli 59:83 Interaction of the antimicrobial peptide polymyxin B1 with both membranes of E. coli: a molecular dynamics study. 25885324 4 14 theme peptide 715:721 arg1 interaction 682:692 the interaction 678:692 the interaction of the antimicrobial peptide, polymyxin B1 with complex models of both the inner and outer membranes of E. coli 678:804 To this end, we report the first molecular dynamics simulation study of the interaction of the antimicrobial peptide, polymyxin B1 with complex models of both the inner and outer membranes of E. coli. 25885324 2 15 theme cell 274:277 arg1 lysis 279:283 cell lysis 274:283 cell lysis 274:283 Different mechanisms for cell lysis have been proposed, but these models tend to neglect the role of the chemical composition of the membrane, which differs between bacterial species and can be heterogeneous even within a single cell. 25885324 5 16 theme polymyxin 866:874 arg1 B1 876:877 polymyxin B1 866:877 polymyxin B1 866:877 The results of >16 microseconds of simulation predict that polymyxin B1 is likely to interact with the membranes via distinct mechanisms. 25885324 0 17 theme molecular 88:96 arg1 dynamics 98:105 a molecular dynamics 86:105 Interaction of the antimicrobial peptide polymyxin B1 with both membranes of E. coli: a molecular dynamics study. 0:112 Interaction of the antimicrobial peptide polymyxin B1 with both membranes of E. coli: a molecular dynamics study. 25885324 6 18 theme lipid 1084:1088 arg1 tails 1092:1096 the lipid A tails 1080:1096 the lipid A tails 1080:1096 The lipopeptides aggregate in the lipopolysaccharide headgroup region of the outer membrane with limited tendency for insertion within the lipid A tails. 25885324 4 19 theme membranes 785:793 arg1 models 750:755 complex models 742:755 complex models of both the inner and outer membranes of E. coli 742:804 To this end, we report the first molecular dynamics simulation study of the interaction of the antimicrobial peptide, polymyxin B1 with complex models of both the inner and outer membranes of E. coli. 25885324 6 20 theme headgroup 998:1006 arg1 region 1008:1013 the lipopolysaccharide headgroup region 975:1013 the lipopolysaccharide headgroup region of the outer membrane with limited tendency for insertion within the lipid A tails 975:1096 The lipopeptides aggregate in the lipopolysaccharide headgroup region of the outer membrane with limited tendency for insertion within the lipid A tails. 25885324 8 21 dep novel 1322:1326 arg1 potent 1329:1334 potent 1329:1334 potent 1329:1334 Given the urgent need to develop novel, potent antibiotics, the results presented here reveal key mechanistic details that may be exploited for future rational drug development. 25885324 2 22 theme composition 363:373 arg1 role 342:345 the role 338:345 the role of the chemical composition of the membrane, which differs between bacterial species and can be heterogeneous even within a single cell 338:481 Different mechanisms for cell lysis have been proposed, but these models tend to neglect the role of the chemical composition of the membrane, which differs between bacterial species and can be heterogeneous even within a single cell. 25885324 2 23 theme single 471:476 arg1 cell 478:481 a single cell 469:481 a single cell 469:481 Different mechanisms for cell lysis have been proposed, but these models tend to neglect the role of the chemical composition of the membrane, which differs between bacterial species and can be heterogeneous even within a single cell. 25885324 4 24 theme outer 779:783 arg1 membranes 785:793 both the inner and outer membranes 760:793 membranes 785:793 To this end, we report the first molecular dynamics simulation study of the interaction of the antimicrobial peptide, polymyxin B1 with complex models of both the inner and outer membranes of E. coli. 25885324 4 25 theme polymyxin 724:732 arg1 peptide 715:721 the antimicrobial peptide 697:721 the antimicrobial peptide 697:721 To this end, we report the first molecular dynamics simulation study of the interaction of the antimicrobial peptide, polymyxin B1 with complex models of both the inner and outer membranes of E. coli. 25885324 4 25 theme polymyxin 724:732 arg1 B1 734:735 polymyxin B1 724:735 polymyxin B1 724:735 To this end, we report the first molecular dynamics simulation study of the interaction of the antimicrobial peptide, polymyxin B1 with complex models of both the inner and outer membranes of E. coli. 25885324 2 26 theme chemical 354:361 arg1 composition 363:373 the chemical composition 350:373 the chemical composition of the membrane, which differs between bacterial species and can be heterogeneous even within a single cell 350:481 Different mechanisms for cell lysis have been proposed, but these models tend to neglect the role of the chemical composition of the membrane, which differs between bacterial species and can be heterogeneous even within a single cell. 25885324 2 27 theme bacterial 414:422 arg1 species 424:430 bacterial species 414:430 bacterial species 414:430 Different mechanisms for cell lysis have been proposed, but these models tend to neglect the role of the chemical composition of the membrane, which differs between bacterial species and can be heterogeneous even within a single cell. 25885324 6 28 theme membrane 1028:1035 arg1 region 1008:1013 the lipopolysaccharide headgroup region 975:1013 the lipopolysaccharide headgroup region of the outer membrane with limited tendency for insertion within the lipid A tails 975:1096 The lipopeptides aggregate in the lipopolysaccharide headgroup region of the outer membrane with limited tendency for insertion within the lipid A tails. 25885324 1 29 dep small 141:145 arg1 cationic 148:155 cationic 148:155 cationic 148:155 Antimicrobial peptides are small, cationic proteins that can induce lysis of bacterial cells through interaction with their membranes. 25885324 7 30 theme antimicrobial 1265:1277 arg1 function 1279:1286 antimicrobial function 1265:1286 antimicrobial function 1265:1286 In contrast, the lipopeptides readily insert into the inner membrane core, and the concomitant increased hydration may be responsible for bilayer destabilization and antimicrobial function. 25885324 4 31 theme interaction 682:692 arg1 study 669:673 the first molecular dynamics simulation study 629:673 the first molecular dynamics simulation study of the interaction of the antimicrobial peptide, polymyxin B1 with complex models of both the inner and outer membranes of E. coli 629:804 To this end, we report the first molecular dynamics simulation study of the interaction of the antimicrobial peptide, polymyxin B1 with complex models of both the inner and outer membranes of E. coli. 25885324 7 32 from insert 1137:1142 arg1 contrast 1102:1109 contrast 1102:1109 contrast 1102:1109 In contrast, the lipopeptides readily insert into the inner membrane core, and the concomitant increased hydration may be responsible for bilayer destabilization and antimicrobial function. 25885324 0 33 theme antimicrobial 19:31 arg1 B1 51:52 the antimicrobial peptide polymyxin B1 15:52 the antimicrobial peptide polymyxin B1 15:52 Interaction of the antimicrobial peptide polymyxin B1 with both membranes of E. coli: a molecular dynamics study. 25885324 8 34 theme key 1383:1385 arg1 details 1399:1405 key mechanistic details 1383:1405 key mechanistic details that may be exploited for future rational drug development 1383:1464 Given the urgent need to develop novel, potent antibiotics, the results presented here reveal key mechanistic details that may be exploited for future rational drug development. 25885324 4 35 theme antimicrobial 701:713 arg1 peptide 715:721 the antimicrobial peptide 697:721 the antimicrobial peptide 697:721 To this end, we report the first molecular dynamics simulation study of the interaction of the antimicrobial peptide, polymyxin B1 with complex models of both the inner and outer membranes of E. coli. 25885324 4 35 theme antimicrobial 701:713 arg1 B1 734:735 polymyxin B1 724:735 polymyxin B1 724:735 To this end, we report the first molecular dynamics simulation study of the interaction of the antimicrobial peptide, polymyxin B1 with complex models of both the inner and outer membranes of E. coli. 25885324 8 36 theme novel 1322:1326 arg1 antibiotics 1336:1346 novel, potent antibiotics 1322:1346 novel, potent antibiotics 1322:1346 Given the urgent need to develop novel, potent antibiotics, the results presented here reveal key mechanistic details that may be exploited for future rational drug development. 25885324 0 37 theme dynamics 98:105 arg1 study 107:111 a molecular dynamics study 86:111 Interaction of the antimicrobial peptide polymyxin B1 with both membranes of E. coli: a molecular dynamics study. 0:112 Interaction of the antimicrobial peptide polymyxin B1 with both membranes of E. coli: a molecular dynamics study. 25885324 3 38 theme Gram-negative 515:527 arg1 coli 549:552 E. coli 546:552 E. coli 546:552 Moreover, the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli contains two membranes with differing compositions. 25885324 3 38 theme Gram-negative 515:527 arg1 bacteria 529:536 Gram-negative bacteria 515:536 Gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli 515:552 Moreover, the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli contains two membranes with differing compositions. 25885324 2 39 theme membrane 382:389 arg1 composition 363:373 the chemical composition 350:373 the chemical composition of the membrane, which differs between bacterial species and can be heterogeneous even within a single cell 350:481 Different mechanisms for cell lysis have been proposed, but these models tend to neglect the role of the chemical composition of the membrane, which differs between bacterial species and can be heterogeneous even within a single cell. 25885324 0 40 theme polymyxin 41:49 arg1 B1 51:52 the antimicrobial peptide polymyxin B1 15:52 the antimicrobial peptide polymyxin B1 15:52 Interaction of the antimicrobial peptide polymyxin B1 with both membranes of E. coli: a molecular dynamics study. 25885324 7 41 theme concomitant 1182:1192 arg1 hydration 1204:1212 the concomitant increased hydration 1178:1212 the concomitant increased hydration 1178:1212 In contrast, the lipopeptides readily insert into the inner membrane core, and the concomitant increased hydration may be responsible for bilayer destabilization and antimicrobial function. 25885324 7 41 theme concomitant 1182:1192 arg1 responsible 1221:1231 responsible 1221:1231 responsible 1221:1231 In contrast, the lipopeptides readily insert into the inner membrane core, and the concomitant increased hydration may be responsible for bilayer destabilization and antimicrobial function. 25885324 6 42 theme lipopolysaccharide 979:996 arg1 region 1008:1013 the lipopolysaccharide headgroup region 975:1013 the lipopolysaccharide headgroup region of the outer membrane with limited tendency for insertion within the lipid A tails 975:1096 The lipopeptides aggregate in the lipopolysaccharide headgroup region of the outer membrane with limited tendency for insertion within the lipid A tails. 25885324 0 43 theme peptide 33:39 arg1 B1 51:52 the antimicrobial peptide polymyxin B1 15:52 the antimicrobial peptide polymyxin B1 15:52 Interaction of the antimicrobial peptide polymyxin B1 with both membranes of E. coli: a molecular dynamics study. 25885324 6 44 with membrane 1028:1035 arg1 tendency 1050:1057 limited tendency 1042:1057 limited tendency for insertion within the lipid A tails 1042:1096 The lipopeptides aggregate in the lipopolysaccharide headgroup region of the outer membrane with limited tendency for insertion within the lipid A tails. 25885324 4 45 dep membranes 785:793 arg1 both 760:763 both 760:763 both 760:763 To this end, we report the first molecular dynamics simulation study of the interaction of the antimicrobial peptide, polymyxin B1 with complex models of both the inner and outer membranes of E. coli. 25885324 1 46 theme bacterial 191:199 arg1 cells 201:205 bacterial cells 191:205 bacterial cells 191:205 Antimicrobial peptides are small, cationic proteins that can induce lysis of bacterial cells through interaction with their membranes. 25885324 8 47 theme urgent 1299:1304 arg1 need 1306:1309 the urgent need to develop novel, potent antibiotics 1295:1346 the urgent need to develop novel, potent antibiotics 1295:1346 Given the urgent need to develop novel, potent antibiotics, the results presented here reveal key mechanistic details that may be exploited for future rational drug development. 25885324 5 48 theme simulation 842:851 arg1 microseconds 826:837 >16 microseconds 822:837 >16 microseconds of simulation 822:851 The results of >16 microseconds of simulation predict that polymyxin B1 is likely to interact with the membranes via distinct mechanisms. 25885324 0 49 theme B1 51:52 arg1 Interaction 0:10 Interaction 0:10 Interaction of the antimicrobial peptide polymyxin B1 with both membranes of E. coli: a molecular dynamics study. 0:112 Interaction of the antimicrobial peptide polymyxin B1 with both membranes of E. coli: a molecular dynamics study. 25885324 4 50 with interaction 682:692 arg1 models 750:755 complex models 742:755 complex models of both the inner and outer membranes of E. coli 742:804 To this end, we report the first molecular dynamics simulation study of the interaction of the antimicrobial peptide, polymyxin B1 with complex models of both the inner and outer membranes of E. coli. 25885324 4 51 theme inner 769:773 arg1 membranes 785:793 both the inner and outer membranes 760:793 membranes 785:793 To this end, we report the first molecular dynamics simulation study of the interaction of the antimicrobial peptide, polymyxin B1 with complex models of both the inner and outer membranes of E. coli. 25885324 4 52 theme simulation 658:667 arg1 study 669:673 the first molecular dynamics simulation study 629:673 the first molecular dynamics simulation study of the interaction of the antimicrobial peptide, polymyxin B1 with complex models of both the inner and outer membranes of E. coli 629:804 To this end, we report the first molecular dynamics simulation study of the interaction of the antimicrobial peptide, polymyxin B1 with complex models of both the inner and outer membranes of E. coli. 25885324 3 53 theme bacteria 529:536 arg1 envelope 503:510 the cell envelope 494:510 the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli 494:552 Moreover, the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli contains two membranes with differing compositions. 25885324 4 54 theme complex 742:748 arg1 models 750:755 complex models 742:755 complex models of both the inner and outer membranes of E. coli 742:804 To this end, we report the first molecular dynamics simulation study of the interaction of the antimicrobial peptide, polymyxin B1 with complex models of both the inner and outer membranes of E. coli. 25885324 2 55 theme Different 249:257 arg1 mechanisms 259:268 Different mechanisms 249:268 Different mechanisms for cell lysis 249:283 Different mechanisms for cell lysis have been proposed, but these models tend to neglect the role of the chemical composition of the membrane, which differs between bacterial species and can be heterogeneous even within a single cell. 25885324 0 56 with Interaction 0:10 arg1 membranes 64:72 both membranes 59:72 both membranes of E. coli 59:83 Interaction of the antimicrobial peptide polymyxin B1 with both membranes of E. coli: a molecular dynamics study. 25885324 1 57 theme cells 201:205 arg1 lysis 182:186 lysis 182:186 lysis of bacterial cells 182:205 Antimicrobial peptides are small, cationic proteins that can induce lysis of bacterial cells through interaction with their membranes. 25885324 8 58 theme future 1433:1438 arg1 development 1454:1464 future rational drug development 1433:1464 future rational drug development 1433:1464 Given the urgent need to develop novel, potent antibiotics, the results presented here reveal key mechanistic details that may be exploited for future rational drug development. 25885324 5 59 theme distinct 924:931 arg1 mechanisms 933:942 distinct mechanisms 924:942 distinct mechanisms 924:942 The results of >16 microseconds of simulation predict that polymyxin B1 is likely to interact with the membranes via distinct mechanisms. 25885324 1 60 with interaction 215:225 arg1 membranes 238:246 their membranes 232:246 their membranes 232:246 Antimicrobial peptides are small, cationic proteins that can induce lysis of bacterial cells through interaction with their membranes. 25885324 1 61 theme Antimicrobial 114:126 arg1 proteins 157:164 small, cationic proteins 141:164 small, cationic proteins that can induce lysis of bacterial cells through interaction with their membranes 141:246 Antimicrobial peptides are small, cationic proteins that can induce lysis of bacterial cells through interaction with their membranes. 25885324 1 61 theme Antimicrobial 114:126 arg1 peptides 128:135 Antimicrobial peptides 114:135 Antimicrobial peptides 114:135 Antimicrobial peptides are small, cationic proteins that can induce lysis of bacterial cells through interaction with their membranes. 25885324 7 62 theme bilayer 1237:1243 arg1 destabilization 1245:1259 bilayer destabilization 1237:1259 bilayer destabilization 1237:1259 In contrast, the lipopeptides readily insert into the inner membrane core, and the concomitant increased hydration may be responsible for bilayer destabilization and antimicrobial function. 25885324 6 63 from aggregate 962:970 arg1 region 1008:1013 the lipopolysaccharide headgroup region 975:1013 the lipopolysaccharide headgroup region of the outer membrane with limited tendency for insertion within the lipid A tails 975:1096 The lipopeptides aggregate in the lipopolysaccharide headgroup region of the outer membrane with limited tendency for insertion within the lipid A tails. 25885324 4 64 theme first 633:637 arg1 simulation 658:667 the first molecular dynamics simulation 629:667 the first molecular dynamics simulation study of the interaction of the antimicrobial peptide, polymyxin B1 with complex models of both the inner and outer membranes of E. coli 629:804 To this end, we report the first molecular dynamics simulation study of the interaction of the antimicrobial peptide, polymyxin B1 with complex models of both the inner and outer membranes of E. coli. 25885324 6 65 theme outer 1022:1026 arg1 membrane 1028:1035 the outer membrane 1018:1035 the outer membrane with limited tendency for insertion within the lipid A tails 1018:1096 The lipopeptides aggregate in the lipopolysaccharide headgroup region of the outer membrane with limited tendency for insertion within the lipid A tails. 25885324 8 66 theme drug 1449:1452 arg1 development 1454:1464 future rational drug development 1433:1464 future rational drug development 1433:1464 Given the urgent need to develop novel, potent antibiotics, the results presented here reveal key mechanistic details that may be exploited for future rational drug development. 25885324 0 67 dep Interaction 0:10 arg1 study 107:111 a molecular dynamics study 86:111 Interaction of the antimicrobial peptide polymyxin B1 with both membranes of E. coli: a molecular dynamics study. 0:112 Interaction of the antimicrobial peptide polymyxin B1 with both membranes of E. coli: a molecular dynamics study. 25885324 7 68 theme increased 1194:1202 arg1 hydration 1204:1212 the concomitant increased hydration 1178:1212 the concomitant increased hydration 1178:1212 In contrast, the lipopeptides readily insert into the inner membrane core, and the concomitant increased hydration may be responsible for bilayer destabilization and antimicrobial function. 25885324 7 68 theme increased 1194:1202 arg1 responsible 1221:1231 responsible 1221:1231 responsible 1221:1231 In contrast, the lipopeptides readily insert into the inner membrane core, and the concomitant increased hydration may be responsible for bilayer destabilization and antimicrobial function. 26944415 7 0 theme correct 1648:1654 arg1 localisation 1656:1667 correct localisation 1648:1667 correct localisation 1648:1667 After MF feeding, increased epithelial expression and correct localisation of tight junction proteins [occludin and zona occludens protein 1], as well as reduced TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression and epithelial apoptosis, were also observed in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 1 1 used used 300:303 arg2 therapy 316:322 primary therapy 308:322 primary therapy in children with CD 308:342 BACKGROUND Enteral nutrition [EN] was reported to be as effective as steroids in achieving short-term remission in patients with Crohn's disease [CD], and exclusive EN [EEN] is widely used as primary therapy in children with CD. 26944415 1 1 used used 300:303 arg2 [EEN 284:287 exclusive EN [EEN] 271:288 exclusive EN [EEN] 271:288 BACKGROUND Enteral nutrition [EN] was reported to be as effective as steroids in achieving short-term remission in patients with Crohn's disease [CD], and exclusive EN [EEN] is widely used as primary therapy in children with CD. 26944415 2 2 theme knockout 539:546 arg1 mice 561:564 IL-10 knockout [IL-10(-/-)] mice 533:564 IL-10 knockout [IL-10(-/-)] mice 533:564 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a specific multi-fibre mix [MF], designed to match the fibre content of a healthy diet, on intestinal epithelial barrier function in IL-10 knockout [IL-10(-/-)] mice with spontaneous chronic colitis. 26944415 6 3 theme total 1473:1477 arg1 propionate 1494:1503 propionate 1494:1503 propionate 1494:1503 Furthermore, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs in the LP and concentrations of total SCFA, acetate, propionate, and butyrate in the caecum were markedly increased after MF feeding in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 6 3 theme total 1473:1477 arg1 butyrate 1510:1517 butyrate 1510:1517 butyrate 1510:1517 Furthermore, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs in the LP and concentrations of total SCFA, acetate, propionate, and butyrate in the caecum were markedly increased after MF feeding in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 6 3 theme total 1473:1477 arg1 acetate 1485:1491 acetate 1485:1491 acetate 1485:1491 Furthermore, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs in the LP and concentrations of total SCFA, acetate, propionate, and butyrate in the caecum were markedly increased after MF feeding in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 6 3 theme total 1473:1477 arg1 SCFA 1479:1482 total SCFA 1473:1482 total SCFA 1473:1482 Furthermore, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs in the LP and concentrations of total SCFA, acetate, propionate, and butyrate in the caecum were markedly increased after MF feeding in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 8 4 theme tested 1916:1921 arg1 mix 1929:1931 the tested fibre mix 1912:1931 the tested fibre mix 1912:1931 CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that EEN supplemented with the tested fibre mix, known to modulate the intestinal microbiota composition and SCFA production, could possibly improve efficacy in inducing remission in patients with active CD. 26944415 3 5 theme IL-10 608:612 arg1 mice 619:622 METHODS IL-10(-/-) mice 600:622 METHODS IL-10(-/-) mice 600:622 METHODS IL-10(-/-) mice aged 16 weeks, with established colitis, were used for the experiments with multi-fibre mix diet [MF] for 4 weeks. 26944415 6 6 from propionate 1494:1503 arg1 caecum 1526:1531 the caecum 1522:1531 the caecum 1522:1531 Furthermore, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs in the LP and concentrations of total SCFA, acetate, propionate, and butyrate in the caecum were markedly increased after MF feeding in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 5 7 theme IFN-γ/IL-17A 1291:1302 arg1 expression 1309:1318 IFN-γ/IL-17A mRNA expression 1291:1318 IFN-γ/IL-17A mRNA expression 1291:1318 RESULTS MF feeding effectively attenuated disease activity index and colitis associated with decreased lamina propria CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, IFN-γ/IL-17A mRNA expression, and p-STAT 3 and p-STAT 4 expression in colonic mucosa of IL-10(-/-) mice [p < 0.05]. 26944415 4 8 theme epithelial 1058:1067 arg1 apoptosis 1069:1077 epithelial apoptosis 1058:1077 epithelial apoptosis 1058:1077 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 4 8 theme epithelial 1058:1067 arg1 colitis 751:757 colitis 751:757 colitis 751:757 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 5 9 theme activity 1195:1202 arg1 index 1204:1208 disease activity index 1187:1208 disease activity index 1187:1208 RESULTS MF feeding effectively attenuated disease activity index and colitis associated with decreased lamina propria CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, IFN-γ/IL-17A mRNA expression, and p-STAT 3 and p-STAT 4 expression in colonic mucosa of IL-10(-/-) mice [p < 0.05]. 26944415 7 10 theme increased 1612:1620 arg1 expression 1633:1642 increased epithelial expression 1612:1642 increased epithelial expression 1612:1642 After MF feeding, increased epithelial expression and correct localisation of tight junction proteins [occludin and zona occludens protein 1], as well as reduced TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression and epithelial apoptosis, were also observed in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 6 11 from concentrations 1455:1468 arg1 LP 1448:1449 the LP 1444:1449 the LP 1444:1449 Furthermore, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs in the LP and concentrations of total SCFA, acetate, propionate, and butyrate in the caecum were markedly increased after MF feeding in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 7 12 theme TNF-α/TNFR2 1756:1766 arg1 expression 1773:1782 reduced TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression 1748:1782 reduced TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression 1748:1782 After MF feeding, increased epithelial expression and correct localisation of tight junction proteins [occludin and zona occludens protein 1], as well as reduced TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression and epithelial apoptosis, were also observed in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 5 13 theme RESULTS 1145:1151 arg1 feeding 1156:1162 RESULTS MF feeding 1145:1162 RESULTS MF feeding 1145:1162 RESULTS MF feeding effectively attenuated disease activity index and colitis associated with decreased lamina propria CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, IFN-γ/IL-17A mRNA expression, and p-STAT 3 and p-STAT 4 expression in colonic mucosa of IL-10(-/-) mice [p < 0.05]. 26944415 5 14 theme colonic 1361:1367 arg1 mucosa 1369:1374 colonic mucosa 1361:1374 colonic mucosa of IL-10(-/-) mice [p < 0.05 1361:1403 RESULTS MF feeding effectively attenuated disease activity index and colitis associated with decreased lamina propria CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, IFN-γ/IL-17A mRNA expression, and p-STAT 3 and p-STAT 4 expression in colonic mucosa of IL-10(-/-) mice [p < 0.05]. 26944415 3 15 theme established 644:654 arg1 colitis 656:662 established colitis 644:662 established colitis 644:662 METHODS IL-10(-/-) mice aged 16 weeks, with established colitis, were used for the experiments with multi-fibre mix diet [MF] for 4 weeks. 26944415 7 16 dep proteins 1687:1694 arg1 [occludin 1696:1704 [occludin 1696:1704 [occludin 1696:1704 After MF feeding, increased epithelial expression and correct localisation of tight junction proteins [occludin and zona occludens protein 1], as well as reduced TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression and epithelial apoptosis, were also observed in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 7 16 dep proteins 1687:1694 arg1 protein 1725:1731 zona occludens protein 1 1710:1733 zona occludens protein 1 1710:1733 After MF feeding, increased epithelial expression and correct localisation of tight junction proteins [occludin and zona occludens protein 1], as well as reduced TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression and epithelial apoptosis, were also observed in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 7 16 dep proteins 1687:1694 arg1 proteins 1687:1694 tight junction proteins [occludin and zona occludens protein 1] 1672:1734 tight junction proteins [occludin and zona occludens protein 1] 1672:1734 After MF feeding, increased epithelial expression and correct localisation of tight junction proteins [occludin and zona occludens protein 1], as well as reduced TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression and epithelial apoptosis, were also observed in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 8 17 theme intestinal 1956:1965 arg1 composition 1978:1988 the intestinal microbiota composition 1952:1988 the intestinal microbiota composition 1952:1988 CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that EEN supplemented with the tested fibre mix, known to modulate the intestinal microbiota composition and SCFA production, could possibly improve efficacy in inducing remission in patients with active CD. 26944415 4 18 theme acids 788:792 arg1 levels 760:765 levels 760:765 levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP] 760:972 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 4 18 theme acids 788:792 arg1 colitis 751:757 colitis 751:757 colitis 751:757 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 6 19 from Tregs 1435:1439 arg1 LP 1448:1449 the LP 1444:1449 the LP 1444:1449 Furthermore, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs in the LP and concentrations of total SCFA, acetate, propionate, and butyrate in the caecum were markedly increased after MF feeding in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 2 20 theme healthy 474:480 arg1 diet 482:485 a healthy diet 472:485 a healthy diet 472:485 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a specific multi-fibre mix [MF], designed to match the fibre content of a healthy diet, on intestinal epithelial barrier function in IL-10 knockout [IL-10(-/-)] mice with spontaneous chronic colitis. 26944415 1 21 dep disease 253:259 arg1 [CD 261:263 [CD 261:263 [CD 261:263 BACKGROUND Enteral nutrition [EN] was reported to be as effective as steroids in achieving short-term remission in patients with Crohn's disease [CD], and exclusive EN [EEN] is widely used as primary therapy in children with CD. 26944415 5 22 theme p-STAT 1338:1343 arg1 expression 1347:1356 p-STAT 3 and p-STAT 4 expression 1325:1356 expression 1347:1356 RESULTS MF feeding effectively attenuated disease activity index and colitis associated with decreased lamina propria CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, IFN-γ/IL-17A mRNA expression, and p-STAT 3 and p-STAT 4 expression in colonic mucosa of IL-10(-/-) mice [p < 0.05]. 26944415 8 23 theme SCFA 1994:1997 arg1 production 1999:2008 SCFA production 1994:2008 SCFA production 1994:2008 CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that EEN supplemented with the tested fibre mix, known to modulate the intestinal microbiota composition and SCFA production, could possibly improve efficacy in inducing remission in patients with active CD. 26944415 2 24 theme barrier 513:519 arg1 function 521:528 intestinal epithelial barrier function 491:528 intestinal epithelial barrier function in IL-10 knockout [IL-10(-/-)] mice with spontaneous chronic colitis 491:597 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a specific multi-fibre mix [MF], designed to match the fibre content of a healthy diet, on intestinal epithelial barrier function in IL-10 knockout [IL-10(-/-)] mice with spontaneous chronic colitis. 26944415 2 25 theme intestinal 491:500 arg1 function 521:528 intestinal epithelial barrier function 491:528 intestinal epithelial barrier function in IL-10 knockout [IL-10(-/-)] mice with spontaneous chronic colitis 491:597 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a specific multi-fibre mix [MF], designed to match the fibre content of a healthy diet, on intestinal epithelial barrier function in IL-10 knockout [IL-10(-/-)] mice with spontaneous chronic colitis. 26944415 4 26 theme cahin 776:780 arg1 acids 788:792 short cahin fatty acids 770:792 short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] 770:931 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 7 27 theme zona 1710:1713 arg1 protein 1725:1731 zona occludens protein 1 1710:1733 zona occludens protein 1 1710:1733 After MF feeding, increased epithelial expression and correct localisation of tight junction proteins [occludin and zona occludens protein 1], as well as reduced TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression and epithelial apoptosis, were also observed in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 7 27 theme zona 1710:1713 arg1 proteins 1687:1694 tight junction proteins [occludin and zona occludens protein 1] 1672:1734 tight junction proteins [occludin and zona occludens protein 1] 1672:1734 After MF feeding, increased epithelial expression and correct localisation of tight junction proteins [occludin and zona occludens protein 1], as well as reduced TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression and epithelial apoptosis, were also observed in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 3 28 used used 670:673 arg2 mice 619:622 METHODS IL-10(-/-) mice 600:622 METHODS IL-10(-/-) mice 600:622 METHODS IL-10(-/-) mice aged 16 weeks, with established colitis, were used for the experiments with multi-fibre mix diet [MF] for 4 weeks. 26944415 4 29 theme T 917:917 arg1 cells 919:923 CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells 891:923 CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs 891:930 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 6 30 theme MF 1563:1564 arg1 feeding 1566:1572 MF feeding 1563:1572 MF feeding 1563:1572 Furthermore, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs in the LP and concentrations of total SCFA, acetate, propionate, and butyrate in the caecum were markedly increased after MF feeding in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 1 31 theme primary 308:314 arg1 [EEN 284:287 exclusive EN [EEN] 271:288 exclusive EN [EEN] 271:288 BACKGROUND Enteral nutrition [EN] was reported to be as effective as steroids in achieving short-term remission in patients with Crohn's disease [CD], and exclusive EN [EEN] is widely used as primary therapy in children with CD. 26944415 1 31 theme primary 308:314 arg1 therapy 316:322 primary therapy 308:322 primary therapy in children with CD 308:342 BACKGROUND Enteral nutrition [EN] was reported to be as effective as steroids in achieving short-term remission in patients with Crohn's disease [CD], and exclusive EN [EEN] is widely used as primary therapy in children with CD. 26944415 2 32 dep mice 561:564 arg1 -/- 555:557 -/- 555:557 -/- 555:557 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a specific multi-fibre mix [MF], designed to match the fibre content of a healthy diet, on intestinal epithelial barrier function in IL-10 knockout [IL-10(-/-)] mice with spontaneous chronic colitis. 26944415 2 33 from effect 390:395 arg1 function 521:528 intestinal epithelial barrier function 491:528 intestinal epithelial barrier function in IL-10 knockout [IL-10(-/-)] mice with spontaneous chronic colitis 491:597 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a specific multi-fibre mix [MF], designed to match the fibre content of a healthy diet, on intestinal epithelial barrier function in IL-10 knockout [IL-10(-/-)] mice with spontaneous chronic colitis. 26944415 5 34 theme decreased 1238:1246 arg1 CD4 1263:1265 decreased lamina propria CD4 1238:1265 decreased lamina propria CD4 1238:1265 RESULTS MF feeding effectively attenuated disease activity index and colitis associated with decreased lamina propria CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, IFN-γ/IL-17A mRNA expression, and p-STAT 3 and p-STAT 4 expression in colonic mucosa of IL-10(-/-) mice [p < 0.05]. 26944415 7 35 theme junction 1678:1685 arg1 [occludin 1696:1704 [occludin 1696:1704 [occludin 1696:1704 After MF feeding, increased epithelial expression and correct localisation of tight junction proteins [occludin and zona occludens protein 1], as well as reduced TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression and epithelial apoptosis, were also observed in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 7 35 theme junction 1678:1685 arg1 protein 1725:1731 zona occludens protein 1 1710:1733 zona occludens protein 1 1710:1733 After MF feeding, increased epithelial expression and correct localisation of tight junction proteins [occludin and zona occludens protein 1], as well as reduced TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression and epithelial apoptosis, were also observed in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 7 35 theme junction 1678:1685 arg1 proteins 1687:1694 tight junction proteins [occludin and zona occludens protein 1] 1672:1734 tight junction proteins [occludin and zona occludens protein 1] 1672:1734 After MF feeding, increased epithelial expression and correct localisation of tight junction proteins [occludin and zona occludens protein 1], as well as reduced TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression and epithelial apoptosis, were also observed in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 7 36 located observed 1820:1827 arg1 mice 1843:1846 IL-10(-/-) mice 1832:1846 IL-10(-/-) mice 1832:1846 After MF feeding, increased epithelial expression and correct localisation of tight junction proteins [occludin and zona occludens protein 1], as well as reduced TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression and epithelial apoptosis, were also observed in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 7 36 located observed 1820:1827 arg2 localisation 1656:1667 correct localisation 1648:1667 correct localisation 1648:1667 After MF feeding, increased epithelial expression and correct localisation of tight junction proteins [occludin and zona occludens protein 1], as well as reduced TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression and epithelial apoptosis, were also observed in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 7 36 located observed 1820:1827 arg2 expression 1773:1782 reduced TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression 1748:1782 reduced TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression 1748:1782 After MF feeding, increased epithelial expression and correct localisation of tight junction proteins [occludin and zona occludens protein 1], as well as reduced TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression and epithelial apoptosis, were also observed in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 7 36 located observed 1820:1827 arg2 expression 1633:1642 increased epithelial expression 1612:1642 increased epithelial expression 1612:1642 After MF feeding, increased epithelial expression and correct localisation of tight junction proteins [occludin and zona occludens protein 1], as well as reduced TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression and epithelial apoptosis, were also observed in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 0 37 theme Knockout 101:108 arg1 Mice 110:113 IL-10 Knockout Mice 95:113 IL-10 Knockout Mice 95:113 Dietary Non-digestible Polysaccharides Ameliorate Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in IL-10 Knockout Mice. 26944415 6 38 from acetate 1485:1491 arg1 caecum 1526:1531 the caecum 1522:1531 the caecum 1522:1531 Furthermore, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs in the LP and concentrations of total SCFA, acetate, propionate, and butyrate in the caecum were markedly increased after MF feeding in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 4 39 theme caecum 804:809 arg1 contents 811:818 caecum contents 804:818 caecum contents 804:818 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 4 39 theme caecum 804:809 arg1 lymphocytes 878:888 CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes 863:888 CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes 863:888 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 4 39 theme caecum 804:809 arg1 expression 821:830 expression 821:830 expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins 821:860 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 6 40 theme CD4 1420:1422 arg1 Tregs 1435:1439 CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs 1420:1439 CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs in the LP 1420:1449 Furthermore, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs in the LP and concentrations of total SCFA, acetate, propionate, and butyrate in the caecum were markedly increased after MF feeding in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 5 41 theme propria 1255:1261 arg1 CD4 1263:1265 decreased lamina propria CD4 1238:1265 decreased lamina propria CD4 1238:1265 RESULTS MF feeding effectively attenuated disease activity index and colitis associated with decreased lamina propria CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, IFN-γ/IL-17A mRNA expression, and p-STAT 3 and p-STAT 4 expression in colonic mucosa of IL-10(-/-) mice [p < 0.05]. 26944415 3 42 theme mix 712:714 arg1 [MF 721:723 multi-fibre mix diet [MF] 700:724 multi-fibre mix diet [MF] for 4 weeks 700:736 METHODS IL-10(-/-) mice aged 16 weeks, with established colitis, were used for the experiments with multi-fibre mix diet [MF] for 4 weeks. 26944415 4 43 dep [SCFA 794:798 arg1 [Tregs 925:930 CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs 891:930 CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs 891:930 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 4 44 from expression 986:995 arg1 colon 1095:1099 the proximal colon 1082:1099 the proximal colon 1082:1099 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 2 45 theme fibre 455:459 arg1 content 461:467 the fibre content 451:467 the fibre content of a healthy diet 451:485 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a specific multi-fibre mix [MF], designed to match the fibre content of a healthy diet, on intestinal epithelial barrier function in IL-10 knockout [IL-10(-/-)] mice with spontaneous chronic colitis. 26944415 2 46 theme study 361:365 arg1 aim 349:351 The aim 345:351 The aim of this study 345:365 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a specific multi-fibre mix [MF], designed to match the fibre content of a healthy diet, on intestinal epithelial barrier function in IL-10 knockout [IL-10(-/-)] mice with spontaneous chronic colitis. 26944415 4 47 theme CD4 863:865 arg1 contents 811:818 caecum contents 804:818 caecum contents 804:818 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 4 47 theme CD4 863:865 arg1 lymphocytes 878:888 CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes 863:888 CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes 863:888 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 4 48 theme lamina 954:959 arg1 [LP 969:971 the lamina propria [LP 950:971 the lamina propria [LP 950:971 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 0 49 theme Dietary 0:6 arg1 Polysaccharides 23:37 Dietary Non-digestible Polysaccharides 0:37 Dietary Non-digestible Polysaccharides 0:37 Dietary Non-digestible Polysaccharides Ameliorate Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in IL-10 Knockout Mice. 26944415 1 50 theme exclusive 271:279 arg1 [EEN 284:287 exclusive EN [EEN] 271:288 exclusive EN [EEN] 271:288 BACKGROUND Enteral nutrition [EN] was reported to be as effective as steroids in achieving short-term remission in patients with Crohn's disease [CD], and exclusive EN [EEN] is widely used as primary therapy in children with CD. 26944415 1 50 theme exclusive 271:279 arg1 therapy 316:322 primary therapy 308:322 primary therapy in children with CD 308:342 BACKGROUND Enteral nutrition [EN] was reported to be as effective as steroids in achieving short-term remission in patients with Crohn's disease [CD], and exclusive EN [EEN] is widely used as primary therapy in children with CD. 26944415 1 51 theme BACKGROUND 116:125 arg1 nutrition 135:143 BACKGROUND Enteral nutrition [EN] 116:148 BACKGROUND Enteral nutrition [EN] 116:148 BACKGROUND Enteral nutrition [EN] was reported to be as effective as steroids in achieving short-term remission in patients with Crohn's disease [CD], and exclusive EN [EEN] is widely used as primary therapy in children with CD. 26944415 2 52 from function 521:528 arg1 mice 561:564 IL-10 knockout [IL-10(-/-)] mice 533:564 IL-10 knockout [IL-10(-/-)] mice 533:564 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a specific multi-fibre mix [MF], designed to match the fibre content of a healthy diet, on intestinal epithelial barrier function in IL-10 knockout [IL-10(-/-)] mice with spontaneous chronic colitis. 26944415 2 53 theme chronic 583:589 arg1 colitis 591:597 spontaneous chronic colitis 571:597 spontaneous chronic colitis 571:597 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a specific multi-fibre mix [MF], designed to match the fibre content of a healthy diet, on intestinal epithelial barrier function in IL-10 knockout [IL-10(-/-)] mice with spontaneous chronic colitis. 26944415 5 54 theme IL-10 1379:1383 arg1 mice 1390:1393 IL-10(-/-) mice 1379:1393 IL-10(-/-) mice 1379:1393 RESULTS MF feeding effectively attenuated disease activity index and colitis associated with decreased lamina propria CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, IFN-γ/IL-17A mRNA expression, and p-STAT 3 and p-STAT 4 expression in colonic mucosa of IL-10(-/-) mice [p < 0.05]. 26944415 1 55 with patients 231:238 arg1 disease 253:259 Crohn's disease 245:259 Crohn's disease [CD] 245:264 BACKGROUND Enteral nutrition [EN] was reported to be as effective as steroids in achieving short-term remission in patients with Crohn's disease [CD], and exclusive EN [EEN] is widely used as primary therapy in children with CD. 26944415 4 56 theme STAT 846:849 arg1 proteins 853:860 STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins 835:860 proteins 853:860 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 4 57 theme TNF-α/TNFR2 1025:1035 arg1 colitis 751:757 colitis 751:757 colitis 751:757 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 4 57 theme TNF-α/TNFR2 1025:1035 arg1 expression 1042:1051 TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression 1025:1051 TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression 1025:1051 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 0 58 theme Intestinal 50:59 arg1 Dysfunction 80:90 Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction 50:90 Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction 50:90 Dietary Non-digestible Polysaccharides Ameliorate Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in IL-10 Knockout Mice. 26944415 7 59 theme epithelial 1622:1631 arg1 expression 1633:1642 increased epithelial expression 1612:1642 increased epithelial expression 1612:1642 After MF feeding, increased epithelial expression and correct localisation of tight junction proteins [occludin and zona occludens protein 1], as well as reduced TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression and epithelial apoptosis, were also observed in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 2 60 theme mix 423:425 arg1 effect 390:395 the effect 386:395 the effect of a specific multi-fibre mix [MF], designed to match the fibre content of a healthy diet, on intestinal epithelial barrier function in IL-10 knockout [IL-10(-/-)] mice with spontaneous chronic colitis 386:597 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a specific multi-fibre mix [MF], designed to match the fibre content of a healthy diet, on intestinal epithelial barrier function in IL-10 knockout [IL-10(-/-)] mice with spontaneous chronic colitis. 26944415 8 61 dep CONCLUSIONS 1849:1859 arg1 indicated 1875:1883 indicated 1875:1883 indicated that EEN supplemented with the tested fibre mix, known to modulate the intestinal microbiota composition and SCFA production, could possibly improve efficacy in inducing remission in patients with active CD 1875:2090 CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that EEN supplemented with the tested fibre mix, known to modulate the intestinal microbiota composition and SCFA production, could possibly improve efficacy in inducing remission in patients with active CD. 26944415 0 62 theme Barrier 72:78 arg1 Dysfunction 80:90 Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction 50:90 Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction 50:90 Dietary Non-digestible Polysaccharides Ameliorate Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in IL-10 Knockout Mice. 26944415 6 63 theme Foxp3 1426:1430 arg1 Tregs 1435:1439 CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs 1420:1439 CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs in the LP 1420:1449 Furthermore, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs in the LP and concentrations of total SCFA, acetate, propionate, and butyrate in the caecum were markedly increased after MF feeding in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 4 64 theme tight 1000:1004 arg1 proteins 1015:1022 tight junction proteins 1000:1022 tight junction proteins 1000:1022 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 7 65 theme epithelial 1788:1797 arg1 apoptosis 1799:1807 epithelial apoptosis 1788:1807 epithelial apoptosis 1788:1807 After MF feeding, increased epithelial expression and correct localisation of tight junction proteins [occludin and zona occludens protein 1], as well as reduced TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression and epithelial apoptosis, were also observed in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 4 66 theme CD4 891:893 arg1 cells 919:923 CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells 891:923 CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs 891:930 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 4 67 theme proteins 1015:1022 arg1 apoptosis 1069:1077 epithelial apoptosis 1058:1077 epithelial apoptosis 1058:1077 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 4 67 theme proteins 1015:1022 arg1 expression 1042:1051 TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression 1025:1051 TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression 1025:1051 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 4 67 theme proteins 1015:1022 arg1 colitis 751:757 colitis 751:757 colitis 751:757 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 4 67 theme proteins 1015:1022 arg1 expression 986:995 epithelial expression 975:995 epithelial expression of tight junction proteins 975:1022 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 4 68 theme proteins 853:860 arg1 contents 811:818 caecum contents 804:818 caecum contents 804:818 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 4 68 theme proteins 853:860 arg1 expression 821:830 expression 821:830 expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins 821:860 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 8 69 theme fibre 1923:1927 arg1 mix 1929:1931 the tested fibre mix 1912:1931 the tested fibre mix 1912:1931 CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that EEN supplemented with the tested fibre mix, known to modulate the intestinal microbiota composition and SCFA production, could possibly improve efficacy in inducing remission in patients with active CD. 26944415 4 70 theme CD45 870:873 arg1 contents 811:818 caecum contents 804:818 caecum contents 804:818 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 4 70 theme CD45 870:873 arg1 lymphocytes 878:888 CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes 863:888 CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes 863:888 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 6 71 theme SCFA 1479:1482 arg1 concentrations 1455:1468 concentrations 1455:1468 concentrations of total SCFA, acetate, propionate, and butyrate in the caecum 1455:1531 Furthermore, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs in the LP and concentrations of total SCFA, acetate, propionate, and butyrate in the caecum were markedly increased after MF feeding in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 6 71 theme SCFA 1479:1482 arg1 Tregs 1435:1439 CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs 1420:1439 CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs in the LP 1420:1449 Furthermore, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs in the LP and concentrations of total SCFA, acetate, propionate, and butyrate in the caecum were markedly increased after MF feeding in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 2 72 theme IL-10 533:537 arg1 mice 561:564 IL-10 knockout [IL-10(-/-)] mice 533:564 IL-10 knockout [IL-10(-/-)] mice 533:564 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a specific multi-fibre mix [MF], designed to match the fibre content of a healthy diet, on intestinal epithelial barrier function in IL-10 knockout [IL-10(-/-)] mice with spontaneous chronic colitis. 26944415 4 73 theme fatty 782:786 arg1 acids 788:792 short cahin fatty acids 770:792 short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] 770:931 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 5 74 theme disease 1187:1193 arg1 index 1204:1208 disease activity index 1187:1208 disease activity index 1187:1208 RESULTS MF feeding effectively attenuated disease activity index and colitis associated with decreased lamina propria CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, IFN-γ/IL-17A mRNA expression, and p-STAT 3 and p-STAT 4 expression in colonic mucosa of IL-10(-/-) mice [p < 0.05]. 26944415 4 75 theme colitis 751:757 arg1 Severity 739:746 Severity 739:746 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon 739:1099 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 5 76 theme mRNA 1304:1307 arg1 expression 1309:1318 IFN-γ/IL-17A mRNA expression 1291:1318 IFN-γ/IL-17A mRNA expression 1291:1318 RESULTS MF feeding effectively attenuated disease activity index and colitis associated with decreased lamina propria CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, IFN-γ/IL-17A mRNA expression, and p-STAT 3 and p-STAT 4 expression in colonic mucosa of IL-10(-/-) mice [p < 0.05]. 26944415 2 77 with function 521:528 arg1 colitis 591:597 spontaneous chronic colitis 571:597 spontaneous chronic colitis 571:597 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a specific multi-fibre mix [MF], designed to match the fibre content of a healthy diet, on intestinal epithelial barrier function in IL-10 knockout [IL-10(-/-)] mice with spontaneous chronic colitis. 26944415 1 78 from therapy 316:322 arg1 children 327:334 children 327:334 children with CD 327:342 BACKGROUND Enteral nutrition [EN] was reported to be as effective as steroids in achieving short-term remission in patients with Crohn's disease [CD], and exclusive EN [EEN] is widely used as primary therapy in children with CD. 26944415 4 79 theme regulatory 906:915 arg1 cells 919:923 CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells 891:923 CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs 891:930 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 7 80 theme mRNA 1768:1771 arg1 expression 1773:1782 reduced TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression 1748:1782 reduced TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression 1748:1782 After MF feeding, increased epithelial expression and correct localisation of tight junction proteins [occludin and zona occludens protein 1], as well as reduced TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression and epithelial apoptosis, were also observed in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 5 81 theme MF 1153:1154 arg1 feeding 1156:1162 RESULTS MF feeding 1145:1162 RESULTS MF feeding 1145:1162 RESULTS MF feeding effectively attenuated disease activity index and colitis associated with decreased lamina propria CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, IFN-γ/IL-17A mRNA expression, and p-STAT 3 and p-STAT 4 expression in colonic mucosa of IL-10(-/-) mice [p < 0.05]. 26944415 8 82 theme microbiota 1967:1976 arg1 composition 1978:1988 the intestinal microbiota composition 1952:1988 the intestinal microbiota composition 1952:1988 CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that EEN supplemented with the tested fibre mix, known to modulate the intestinal microbiota composition and SCFA production, could possibly improve efficacy in inducing remission in patients with active CD. 26944415 2 83 theme [IL-10 548:553 arg1 mice 561:564 IL-10 knockout [IL-10(-/-)] mice 533:564 IL-10 knockout [IL-10(-/-)] mice 533:564 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a specific multi-fibre mix [MF], designed to match the fibre content of a healthy diet, on intestinal epithelial barrier function in IL-10 knockout [IL-10(-/-)] mice with spontaneous chronic colitis. 26944415 7 84 theme reduced 1748:1754 arg1 expression 1773:1782 reduced TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression 1748:1782 reduced TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression 1748:1782 After MF feeding, increased epithelial expression and correct localisation of tight junction proteins [occludin and zona occludens protein 1], as well as reduced TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression and epithelial apoptosis, were also observed in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 4 85 theme epithelial 975:984 arg1 colitis 751:757 colitis 751:757 colitis 751:757 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 4 85 theme epithelial 975:984 arg1 expression 986:995 epithelial expression 975:995 epithelial expression of tight junction proteins 975:1022 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 1 86 theme short-term 207:216 arg1 remission 218:226 short-term remission 207:226 short-term remission in patients with Crohn's disease [CD] 207:264 BACKGROUND Enteral nutrition [EN] was reported to be as effective as steroids in achieving short-term remission in patients with Crohn's disease [CD], and exclusive EN [EEN] is widely used as primary therapy in children with CD. 26944415 7 87 theme MF 1600:1601 arg1 feeding 1603:1609 MF feeding 1600:1609 MF feeding 1600:1609 After MF feeding, increased epithelial expression and correct localisation of tight junction proteins [occludin and zona occludens protein 1], as well as reduced TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression and epithelial apoptosis, were also observed in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 2 88 theme diet 482:485 arg1 content 461:467 the fibre content 451:467 the fibre content of a healthy diet 451:485 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a specific multi-fibre mix [MF], designed to match the fibre content of a healthy diet, on intestinal epithelial barrier function in IL-10 knockout [IL-10(-/-)] mice with spontaneous chronic colitis. 26944415 4 89 theme Foxp3 897:901 arg1 cells 919:923 CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells 891:923 CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs 891:930 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 4 90 theme experiment 1133:1142 arg1 end 1122:1124 the end 1118:1124 the end of the experiment 1118:1142 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 4 91 from [SCFA 794:798 arg1 contents 811:818 caecum contents 804:818 caecum contents 804:818 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 4 91 from [SCFA 794:798 arg1 lymphocytes 878:888 CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes 863:888 CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes 863:888 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 4 91 from [SCFA 794:798 arg1 expression 821:830 expression 821:830 expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins 821:860 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 4 92 theme cytokines 937:945 arg1 levels 760:765 levels 760:765 levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP] 760:972 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 4 92 theme cytokines 937:945 arg1 colitis 751:757 colitis 751:757 colitis 751:757 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 2 93 theme epithelial 502:511 arg1 function 521:528 intestinal epithelial barrier function 491:528 intestinal epithelial barrier function in IL-10 knockout [IL-10(-/-)] mice with spontaneous chronic colitis 491:597 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a specific multi-fibre mix [MF], designed to match the fibre content of a healthy diet, on intestinal epithelial barrier function in IL-10 knockout [IL-10(-/-)] mice with spontaneous chronic colitis. 26944415 3 94 theme METHODS 600:606 arg1 -/- 614:616 -/- 614:616 -/- 614:616 METHODS IL-10(-/-) mice aged 16 weeks, with established colitis, were used for the experiments with multi-fibre mix diet [MF] for 4 weeks. 26944415 3 94 theme METHODS 600:606 arg1 IL-10 608:612 METHODS IL-10 600:612 METHODS IL-10(-/-) mice 600:622 METHODS IL-10(-/-) mice aged 16 weeks, with established colitis, were used for the experiments with multi-fibre mix diet [MF] for 4 weeks. 26944415 6 95 theme IL-10 1577:1581 arg1 mice 1588:1591 IL-10(-/-) mice 1577:1591 IL-10(-/-) mice 1577:1591 Furthermore, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs in the LP and concentrations of total SCFA, acetate, propionate, and butyrate in the caecum were markedly increased after MF feeding in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 8 96 theme active 2082:2087 arg1 CD 2089:2090 active CD 2082:2090 active CD 2082:2090 CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that EEN supplemented with the tested fibre mix, known to modulate the intestinal microbiota composition and SCFA production, could possibly improve efficacy in inducing remission in patients with active CD. 26944415 1 97 from remission 218:226 arg1 patients 231:238 patients 231:238 patients with Crohn's disease [CD] 231:264 BACKGROUND Enteral nutrition [EN] was reported to be as effective as steroids in achieving short-term remission in patients with Crohn's disease [CD], and exclusive EN [EEN] is widely used as primary therapy in children with CD. 26944415 4 98 theme short 770:774 arg1 acids 788:792 short cahin fatty acids 770:792 short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] 770:931 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 4 99 theme cells 919:923 arg1 [Tregs 925:930 CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs 891:930 CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs 891:930 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 7 100 theme occludens 1715:1723 arg1 protein 1725:1731 zona occludens protein 1 1710:1733 zona occludens protein 1 1710:1733 After MF feeding, increased epithelial expression and correct localisation of tight junction proteins [occludin and zona occludens protein 1], as well as reduced TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression and epithelial apoptosis, were also observed in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 7 100 theme occludens 1715:1723 arg1 proteins 1687:1694 tight junction proteins [occludin and zona occludens protein 1] 1672:1734 tight junction proteins [occludin and zona occludens protein 1] 1672:1734 After MF feeding, increased epithelial expression and correct localisation of tight junction proteins [occludin and zona occludens protein 1], as well as reduced TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression and epithelial apoptosis, were also observed in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 3 101 theme multi-fibre 700:710 arg1 [MF 721:723 multi-fibre mix diet [MF] 700:724 multi-fibre mix diet [MF] for 4 weeks 700:736 METHODS IL-10(-/-) mice aged 16 weeks, with established colitis, were used for the experiments with multi-fibre mix diet [MF] for 4 weeks. 26944415 0 102 theme IL-10 95:99 arg1 Mice 110:113 IL-10 Knockout Mice 95:113 IL-10 Knockout Mice 95:113 Dietary Non-digestible Polysaccharides Ameliorate Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in IL-10 Knockout Mice. 26944415 4 103 from levels 760:765 arg1 [LP 969:971 the lamina propria [LP 950:971 the lamina propria [LP 950:971 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 3 104 with experiments 683:693 arg1 [MF 721:723 multi-fibre mix diet [MF] 700:724 multi-fibre mix diet [MF] for 4 weeks 700:736 METHODS IL-10(-/-) mice aged 16 weeks, with established colitis, were used for the experiments with multi-fibre mix diet [MF] for 4 weeks. 26944415 5 105 dep mucosa 1369:1374 arg1 < 1398:1398 [p < 0.05 1395:1403 colonic mucosa of IL-10(-/-) mice [p < 0.05 1361:1403 RESULTS MF feeding effectively attenuated disease activity index and colitis associated with decreased lamina propria CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, IFN-γ/IL-17A mRNA expression, and p-STAT 3 and p-STAT 4 expression in colonic mucosa of IL-10(-/-) mice [p < 0.05]. 26944415 1 106 with children 327:334 arg1 CD 341:342 CD 341:342 CD 341:342 BACKGROUND Enteral nutrition [EN] was reported to be as effective as steroids in achieving short-term remission in patients with Crohn's disease [CD], and exclusive EN [EEN] is widely used as primary therapy in children with CD. 26944415 4 107 theme STAT 835:838 arg1 contents 811:818 caecum contents 804:818 caecum contents 804:818 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 4 107 theme STAT 835:838 arg1 expression 821:830 expression 821:830 expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins 821:860 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 5 108 theme lamina 1248:1253 arg1 CD4 1263:1265 decreased lamina propria CD4 1238:1265 decreased lamina propria CD4 1238:1265 RESULTS MF feeding effectively attenuated disease activity index and colitis associated with decreased lamina propria CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, IFN-γ/IL-17A mRNA expression, and p-STAT 3 and p-STAT 4 expression in colonic mucosa of IL-10(-/-) mice [p < 0.05]. 26944415 2 109 theme spontaneous 571:581 arg1 colitis 591:597 spontaneous chronic colitis 571:597 spontaneous chronic colitis 571:597 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a specific multi-fibre mix [MF], designed to match the fibre content of a healthy diet, on intestinal epithelial barrier function in IL-10 knockout [IL-10(-/-)] mice with spontaneous chronic colitis. 26944415 7 110 theme proteins 1687:1694 arg1 expression 1633:1642 increased epithelial expression 1612:1642 increased epithelial expression 1612:1642 After MF feeding, increased epithelial expression and correct localisation of tight junction proteins [occludin and zona occludens protein 1], as well as reduced TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression and epithelial apoptosis, were also observed in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 7 110 theme proteins 1687:1694 arg1 localisation 1656:1667 correct localisation 1648:1667 correct localisation 1648:1667 After MF feeding, increased epithelial expression and correct localisation of tight junction proteins [occludin and zona occludens protein 1], as well as reduced TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression and epithelial apoptosis, were also observed in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 7 110 theme proteins 1687:1694 arg1 expression 1773:1782 reduced TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression 1748:1782 reduced TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression 1748:1782 After MF feeding, increased epithelial expression and correct localisation of tight junction proteins [occludin and zona occludens protein 1], as well as reduced TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression and epithelial apoptosis, were also observed in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 7 110 theme proteins 1687:1694 arg1 apoptosis 1799:1807 epithelial apoptosis 1788:1807 epithelial apoptosis 1788:1807 After MF feeding, increased epithelial expression and correct localisation of tight junction proteins [occludin and zona occludens protein 1], as well as reduced TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression and epithelial apoptosis, were also observed in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 5 111 theme CD4 1263:1265 arg1 lymphocytes 1278:1288 decreased lamina propria CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes 1238:1288 decreased lamina propria CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes 1238:1288 RESULTS MF feeding effectively attenuated disease activity index and colitis associated with decreased lamina propria CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, IFN-γ/IL-17A mRNA expression, and p-STAT 3 and p-STAT 4 expression in colonic mucosa of IL-10(-/-) mice [p < 0.05]. 26944415 3 112 theme diet 716:719 arg1 [MF 721:723 multi-fibre mix diet [MF] 700:724 multi-fibre mix diet [MF] for 4 weeks 700:736 METHODS IL-10(-/-) mice aged 16 weeks, with established colitis, were used for the experiments with multi-fibre mix diet [MF] for 4 weeks. 26944415 4 113 dep acids 788:792 arg1 [SCFA 794:798 [SCFA 794:798 [SCFA 794:798 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 4 114 from apoptosis 1069:1077 arg1 colon 1095:1099 the proximal colon 1082:1099 the proximal colon 1082:1099 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 4 115 theme propria 961:967 arg1 [LP 969:971 the lamina propria [LP 950:971 the lamina propria [LP 950:971 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 5 116 theme [p 1395:1396 arg1 < 1398:1398 [p < 0.05 1395:1403 colonic mucosa of IL-10(-/-) mice [p < 0.05 1361:1403 RESULTS MF feeding effectively attenuated disease activity index and colitis associated with decreased lamina propria CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, IFN-γ/IL-17A mRNA expression, and p-STAT 3 and p-STAT 4 expression in colonic mucosa of IL-10(-/-) mice [p < 0.05]. 26944415 0 117 theme Non-digestible 8:21 arg1 Polysaccharides 23:37 Dietary Non-digestible Polysaccharides 0:37 Dietary Non-digestible Polysaccharides 0:37 Dietary Non-digestible Polysaccharides Ameliorate Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in IL-10 Knockout Mice. 26944415 8 118 with patients 2068:2075 arg1 CD 2089:2090 active CD 2082:2090 active CD 2082:2090 CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that EEN supplemented with the tested fibre mix, known to modulate the intestinal microbiota composition and SCFA production, could possibly improve efficacy in inducing remission in patients with active CD. 26944415 6 119 from butyrate 1510:1517 arg1 caecum 1526:1531 the caecum 1522:1531 the caecum 1522:1531 Furthermore, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs in the LP and concentrations of total SCFA, acetate, propionate, and butyrate in the caecum were markedly increased after MF feeding in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 1 120 theme EN 281:282 arg1 [EEN 284:287 exclusive EN [EEN] 271:288 exclusive EN [EEN] 271:288 BACKGROUND Enteral nutrition [EN] was reported to be as effective as steroids in achieving short-term remission in patients with Crohn's disease [CD], and exclusive EN [EEN] is widely used as primary therapy in children with CD. 26944415 1 120 theme EN 281:282 arg1 therapy 316:322 primary therapy 308:322 primary therapy in children with CD 308:342 BACKGROUND Enteral nutrition [EN] was reported to be as effective as steroids in achieving short-term remission in patients with Crohn's disease [CD], and exclusive EN [EEN] is widely used as primary therapy in children with CD. 26944415 1 121 theme Enteral 127:133 arg1 nutrition 135:143 BACKGROUND Enteral nutrition [EN] 116:148 BACKGROUND Enteral nutrition [EN] 116:148 BACKGROUND Enteral nutrition [EN] was reported to be as effective as steroids in achieving short-term remission in patients with Crohn's disease [CD], and exclusive EN [EEN] is widely used as primary therapy in children with CD. 26944415 4 122 from expression 1042:1051 arg1 colon 1095:1099 the proximal colon 1082:1099 the proximal colon 1082:1099 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 4 123 theme mRNA 1037:1040 arg1 colitis 751:757 colitis 751:757 colitis 751:757 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 4 123 theme mRNA 1037:1040 arg1 expression 1042:1051 TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression 1025:1051 TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression 1025:1051 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 7 124 theme IL-10 1832:1836 arg1 mice 1843:1846 IL-10(-/-) mice 1832:1846 IL-10(-/-) mice 1832:1846 After MF feeding, increased epithelial expression and correct localisation of tight junction proteins [occludin and zona occludens protein 1], as well as reduced TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression and epithelial apoptosis, were also observed in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 0 125 theme Epithelial 61:70 arg1 Dysfunction 80:90 Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction 50:90 Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction 50:90 Dietary Non-digestible Polysaccharides Ameliorate Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in IL-10 Knockout Mice. 26944415 5 126 theme mice 1390:1393 arg1 mucosa 1369:1374 colonic mucosa 1361:1374 colonic mucosa of IL-10(-/-) mice [p < 0.05 1361:1403 RESULTS MF feeding effectively attenuated disease activity index and colitis associated with decreased lamina propria CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, IFN-γ/IL-17A mRNA expression, and p-STAT 3 and p-STAT 4 expression in colonic mucosa of IL-10(-/-) mice [p < 0.05]. 26944415 7 127 theme tight 1672:1676 arg1 [occludin 1696:1704 [occludin 1696:1704 [occludin 1696:1704 After MF feeding, increased epithelial expression and correct localisation of tight junction proteins [occludin and zona occludens protein 1], as well as reduced TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression and epithelial apoptosis, were also observed in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 7 127 theme tight 1672:1676 arg1 protein 1725:1731 zona occludens protein 1 1710:1733 zona occludens protein 1 1710:1733 After MF feeding, increased epithelial expression and correct localisation of tight junction proteins [occludin and zona occludens protein 1], as well as reduced TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression and epithelial apoptosis, were also observed in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 7 127 theme tight 1672:1676 arg1 proteins 1687:1694 tight junction proteins [occludin and zona occludens protein 1] 1672:1734 tight junction proteins [occludin and zona occludens protein 1] 1672:1734 After MF feeding, increased epithelial expression and correct localisation of tight junction proteins [occludin and zona occludens protein 1], as well as reduced TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression and epithelial apoptosis, were also observed in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26944415 2 128 theme multi-fibre 411:421 arg1 mix 423:425 a specific multi-fibre mix [MF] 400:430 a specific multi-fibre mix [MF] 400:430 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a specific multi-fibre mix [MF], designed to match the fibre content of a healthy diet, on intestinal epithelial barrier function in IL-10 knockout [IL-10(-/-)] mice with spontaneous chronic colitis. 26944415 4 129 theme junction 1006:1013 arg1 proteins 1015:1022 tight junction proteins 1000:1022 tight junction proteins 1000:1022 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 3 130 with mice 619:622 arg1 colitis 656:662 established colitis 644:662 established colitis 644:662 METHODS IL-10(-/-) mice aged 16 weeks, with established colitis, were used for the experiments with multi-fibre mix diet [MF] for 4 weeks. 26944415 5 131 theme CD45 1270:1273 arg1 lymphocytes 1278:1288 decreased lamina propria CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes 1238:1288 decreased lamina propria CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes 1238:1288 RESULTS MF feeding effectively attenuated disease activity index and colitis associated with decreased lamina propria CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, IFN-γ/IL-17A mRNA expression, and p-STAT 3 and p-STAT 4 expression in colonic mucosa of IL-10(-/-) mice [p < 0.05]. 26944415 4 132 theme proximal 1086:1093 arg1 colon 1095:1099 the proximal colon 1082:1099 the proximal colon 1082:1099 Severity of colitis, levels of short cahin fatty acids [SCFA] in caecum contents, expression of STAT 3 and STAT 4 proteins, CD4(+) CD45(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells [Tregs] and cytokines in the lamina propria [LP], epithelial expression of tight junction proteins, TNF-α/TNFR2 mRNA expression, and epithelial apoptosis in the proximal colon were measured at the end of the experiment. 26944415 2 133 theme specific 402:409 arg1 mix 423:425 a specific multi-fibre mix [MF] 400:430 a specific multi-fibre mix [MF] 400:430 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a specific multi-fibre mix [MF], designed to match the fibre content of a healthy diet, on intestinal epithelial barrier function in IL-10 knockout [IL-10(-/-)] mice with spontaneous chronic colitis. 26384086 1 0 theme cell 207:210 arg1 architecture 217:228 the native cell wall architecture 196:228 the native cell wall architecture 196:228 Biomass was heated (200-240°C) in the presence of glycerol, for 4-12 min, under shear to disrupt the native cell wall architecture. 26384086 5 1 theme residual 725:732 arg1 lignin 734:739 the residual lignin 721:739 the residual lignin 721:739 The experiments revealed that the residual lignin was not a barrier to limiting the digestibility of cellulose after pretreatment yielding up to 70% glucose based on the starting wood material. 26384086 5 1 theme residual 725:732 arg1 barrier 751:757 a barrier 749:757 a barrier to limiting the digestibility of cellulose after pretreatment yielding up to 70% glucose based on the starting wood material 749:882 The experiments revealed that the residual lignin was not a barrier to limiting the digestibility of cellulose after pretreatment yielding up to 70% glucose based on the starting wood material. 26384086 1 2 theme wall 212:215 arg1 architecture 217:228 the native cell wall architecture 196:228 the native cell wall architecture 196:228 Biomass was heated (200-240°C) in the presence of glycerol, for 4-12 min, under shear to disrupt the native cell wall architecture. 26384086 5 3 dep % 838:838 arg1 70 836:837 70 836:837 70 836:837 The experiments revealed that the residual lignin was not a barrier to limiting the digestibility of cellulose after pretreatment yielding up to 70% glucose based on the starting wood material. 26384086 3 4 theme varying 505:511 arg1 compositions 513:524 varying compositions 505:524 varying compositions 505:524 Furthermore, the enzymatic conversion of samples with varying compositions was studied after extraction of the structural polymers. 26384086 6 5 theme hydrolysis 938:947 arg1 rate 949:952 the cellulose hydrolysis rate 924:952 the cellulose hydrolysis rate 924:952 Further xylan removal greatly improved the cellulose hydrolysis rate, converting nearly 70% of the cellulose into glucose within 24h, and reaching 78% of ultimate glucan digestibility after 72 h. 26384086 5 6 dep glucose 840:846 arg1 % 838:838 % 838:838 % 838:838 The experiments revealed that the residual lignin was not a barrier to limiting the digestibility of cellulose after pretreatment yielding up to 70% glucose based on the starting wood material. 26384086 3 7 theme samples 492:498 arg1 conversion 478:487 the enzymatic conversion 464:487 the enzymatic conversion of samples with varying compositions 464:524 Furthermore, the enzymatic conversion of samples with varying compositions was studied after extraction of the structural polymers. 26384086 5 8 theme wood 870:873 arg1 material 875:882 the starting wood material 857:882 the starting wood material 857:882 The experiments revealed that the residual lignin was not a barrier to limiting the digestibility of cellulose after pretreatment yielding up to 70% glucose based on the starting wood material. 26384086 5 9 theme cellulose 792:800 arg1 digestibility 775:787 the digestibility 771:787 the digestibility of cellulose 771:800 The experiments revealed that the residual lignin was not a barrier to limiting the digestibility of cellulose after pretreatment yielding up to 70% glucose based on the starting wood material. 26384086 1 10 dep heated 111:116 arg1 200-240°C 119:127 200-240°C 119:127 200-240°C 119:127 Biomass was heated (200-240°C) in the presence of glycerol, for 4-12 min, under shear to disrupt the native cell wall architecture. 26384086 1 11 theme glycerol 149:156 arg1 presence 137:144 the presence 133:144 the presence of glycerol 133:156 Biomass was heated (200-240°C) in the presence of glycerol, for 4-12 min, under shear to disrupt the native cell wall architecture. 26384086 6 12 theme cellulose 928:936 arg1 rate 949:952 the cellulose hydrolysis rate 924:952 the cellulose hydrolysis rate 924:952 Further xylan removal greatly improved the cellulose hydrolysis rate, converting nearly 70% of the cellulose into glucose within 24h, and reaching 78% of ultimate glucan digestibility after 72 h. 26384086 6 13 theme ultimate 1039:1046 arg1 digestibility 1055:1067 ultimate glucan digestibility 1039:1067 ultimate glucan digestibility 1039:1067 Further xylan removal greatly improved the cellulose hydrolysis rate, converting nearly 70% of the cellulose into glucose within 24h, and reaching 78% of ultimate glucan digestibility after 72 h. 26384086 4 14 theme gum 608:610 arg1 index 646:650 the sweet gum processed materials crystallinity index 598:650 the sweet gum processed materials crystallinity index 598:650 Interestingly, the sweet gum processed materials crystallinity index increased by 10% of the initial value. 26384086 0 15 theme enzymatic 9:17 arg1 saccharification 19:34 enzymatic saccharification 9:34 enzymatic saccharification of pretreated biomass 9:56 Enhanced enzymatic saccharification of pretreated biomass using glycerol thermal processing (GTP). 26384086 2 16 theme glycerol 264:271 arg1 GTP 293:295 GTP 293:295 GTP 293:295 The impact of this method, named glycerol thermal processing (GTP), on saccharification efficiency of the hardwood Liquidambar styraciflua, and a control cellulose sample was studied as a function of treatment severity. 26384086 2 16 theme glycerol 264:271 arg1 processing 281:290 glycerol thermal processing 264:290 glycerol thermal processing (GTP) 264:296 The impact of this method, named glycerol thermal processing (GTP), on saccharification efficiency of the hardwood Liquidambar styraciflua, and a control cellulose sample was studied as a function of treatment severity. 26384086 4 17 theme crystallinity 632:644 arg1 index 646:650 the sweet gum processed materials crystallinity index 598:650 the sweet gum processed materials crystallinity index 598:650 Interestingly, the sweet gum processed materials crystallinity index increased by 10% of the initial value. 26384086 2 18 theme cellulose 385:393 arg1 sample 395:400 a control cellulose sample 375:400 a control cellulose sample 375:400 The impact of this method, named glycerol thermal processing (GTP), on saccharification efficiency of the hardwood Liquidambar styraciflua, and a control cellulose sample was studied as a function of treatment severity. 26384086 3 19 with conversion 478:487 arg1 compositions 513:524 varying compositions 505:524 varying compositions 505:524 Furthermore, the enzymatic conversion of samples with varying compositions was studied after extraction of the structural polymers. 26384086 4 20 theme processed 612:620 arg1 index 646:650 the sweet gum processed materials crystallinity index 598:650 the sweet gum processed materials crystallinity index 598:650 Interestingly, the sweet gum processed materials crystallinity index increased by 10% of the initial value. 26384086 4 21 theme value 684:688 arg1 value 684:688 the initial value 672:688 the initial value 672:688 Interestingly, the sweet gum processed materials crystallinity index increased by 10% of the initial value. 26384086 4 21 theme value 684:688 arg1 % 667:667 10% 665:667 10% of the initial value 665:688 Interestingly, the sweet gum processed materials crystallinity index increased by 10% of the initial value. 26384086 4 22 theme materials 622:630 arg1 index 646:650 the sweet gum processed materials crystallinity index 598:650 the sweet gum processed materials crystallinity index 598:650 Interestingly, the sweet gum processed materials crystallinity index increased by 10% of the initial value. 26384086 2 23 theme control 377:383 arg1 sample 395:400 a control cellulose sample 375:400 a control cellulose sample 375:400 The impact of this method, named glycerol thermal processing (GTP), on saccharification efficiency of the hardwood Liquidambar styraciflua, and a control cellulose sample was studied as a function of treatment severity. 26384086 5 24 dep 70 836:837 arg1 to 833:834 to 833:834 to 833:834 The experiments revealed that the residual lignin was not a barrier to limiting the digestibility of cellulose after pretreatment yielding up to 70% glucose based on the starting wood material. 26384086 3 25 theme enzymatic 468:476 arg1 conversion 478:487 the enzymatic conversion 464:487 the enzymatic conversion of samples with varying compositions 464:524 Furthermore, the enzymatic conversion of samples with varying compositions was studied after extraction of the structural polymers. 26384086 2 26 theme method 250:255 arg1 function 419:426 a function 417:426 a function of treatment severity 417:448 The impact of this method, named glycerol thermal processing (GTP), on saccharification efficiency of the hardwood Liquidambar styraciflua, and a control cellulose sample was studied as a function of treatment severity. 26384086 2 26 theme method 250:255 arg1 impact 235:240 The impact 231:240 The impact of this method, named glycerol thermal processing (GTP), on saccharification efficiency of the hardwood Liquidambar styraciflua, and a control cellulose sample 231:400 The impact of this method, named glycerol thermal processing (GTP), on saccharification efficiency of the hardwood Liquidambar styraciflua, and a control cellulose sample was studied as a function of treatment severity. 26384086 6 27 theme cellulose 984:992 arg1 cellulose 984:992 the cellulose 980:992 the cellulose 980:992 Further xylan removal greatly improved the cellulose hydrolysis rate, converting nearly 70% of the cellulose into glucose within 24h, and reaching 78% of ultimate glucan digestibility after 72 h. 26384086 6 27 theme cellulose 984:992 arg1 % 975:975 nearly 70% 966:975 nearly 70% of the cellulose 966:992 Further xylan removal greatly improved the cellulose hydrolysis rate, converting nearly 70% of the cellulose into glucose within 24h, and reaching 78% of ultimate glucan digestibility after 72 h. 26384086 0 28 theme biomass 50:56 arg1 saccharification 19:34 enzymatic saccharification 9:34 enzymatic saccharification of pretreated biomass 9:56 Enhanced enzymatic saccharification of pretreated biomass using glycerol thermal processing (GTP). 26384086 4 29 theme sweet 602:606 arg1 gum 608:610 the sweet gum 598:610 the sweet gum processed materials crystallinity index 598:650 Interestingly, the sweet gum processed materials crystallinity index increased by 10% of the initial value. 26384086 2 30 theme styraciflua 358:368 arg1 efficiency 319:328 saccharification efficiency 302:328 saccharification efficiency of the hardwood Liquidambar styraciflua 302:368 The impact of this method, named glycerol thermal processing (GTP), on saccharification efficiency of the hardwood Liquidambar styraciflua, and a control cellulose sample was studied as a function of treatment severity. 26384086 2 30 theme styraciflua 358:368 arg1 sample 395:400 a control cellulose sample 375:400 a control cellulose sample 375:400 The impact of this method, named glycerol thermal processing (GTP), on saccharification efficiency of the hardwood Liquidambar styraciflua, and a control cellulose sample was studied as a function of treatment severity. 26384086 2 31 theme hardwood 337:344 arg1 styraciflua 358:368 the hardwood Liquidambar styraciflua 333:368 the hardwood Liquidambar styraciflua 333:368 The impact of this method, named glycerol thermal processing (GTP), on saccharification efficiency of the hardwood Liquidambar styraciflua, and a control cellulose sample was studied as a function of treatment severity. 26384086 6 32 theme xylan 893:897 arg1 removal 899:905 Further xylan removal 885:905 Further xylan removal 885:905 Further xylan removal greatly improved the cellulose hydrolysis rate, converting nearly 70% of the cellulose into glucose within 24h, and reaching 78% of ultimate glucan digestibility after 72 h. 26384086 0 33 theme pretreated 39:48 arg1 biomass 50:56 pretreated biomass 39:56 pretreated biomass 39:56 Enhanced enzymatic saccharification of pretreated biomass using glycerol thermal processing (GTP). 26384086 2 34 theme Liquidambar 346:356 arg1 styraciflua 358:368 the hardwood Liquidambar styraciflua 333:368 the hardwood Liquidambar styraciflua 333:368 The impact of this method, named glycerol thermal processing (GTP), on saccharification efficiency of the hardwood Liquidambar styraciflua, and a control cellulose sample was studied as a function of treatment severity. 26384086 0 35 theme glycerol 64:71 arg1 GTP 93:95 GTP 93:95 GTP 93:95 Enhanced enzymatic saccharification of pretreated biomass using glycerol thermal processing (GTP). 26384086 0 35 theme glycerol 64:71 arg1 processing 81:90 glycerol thermal processing 64:90 glycerol thermal processing (GTP) 64:96 Enhanced enzymatic saccharification of pretreated biomass using glycerol thermal processing (GTP). 26384086 6 36 theme Further 885:891 arg1 removal 899:905 Further xylan removal 885:905 Further xylan removal 885:905 Further xylan removal greatly improved the cellulose hydrolysis rate, converting nearly 70% of the cellulose into glucose within 24h, and reaching 78% of ultimate glucan digestibility after 72 h. 26384086 0 37 theme thermal 73:79 arg1 GTP 93:95 GTP 93:95 GTP 93:95 Enhanced enzymatic saccharification of pretreated biomass using glycerol thermal processing (GTP). 26384086 0 37 theme thermal 73:79 arg1 processing 81:90 glycerol thermal processing 64:90 glycerol thermal processing (GTP) 64:96 Enhanced enzymatic saccharification of pretreated biomass using glycerol thermal processing (GTP). 26384086 6 38 theme digestibility 1055:1067 arg1 % 1034:1034 78% 1032:1034 78% of ultimate glucan digestibility 1032:1067 Further xylan removal greatly improved the cellulose hydrolysis rate, converting nearly 70% of the cellulose into glucose within 24h, and reaching 78% of ultimate glucan digestibility after 72 h. 26384086 6 38 theme digestibility 1055:1067 arg1 digestibility 1055:1067 ultimate glucan digestibility 1039:1067 ultimate glucan digestibility 1039:1067 Further xylan removal greatly improved the cellulose hydrolysis rate, converting nearly 70% of the cellulose into glucose within 24h, and reaching 78% of ultimate glucan digestibility after 72 h. 26384086 6 39 theme glucan 1048:1053 arg1 digestibility 1055:1067 ultimate glucan digestibility 1039:1067 ultimate glucan digestibility 1039:1067 Further xylan removal greatly improved the cellulose hydrolysis rate, converting nearly 70% of the cellulose into glucose within 24h, and reaching 78% of ultimate glucan digestibility after 72 h. 26384086 2 40 from impact 235:240 arg1 efficiency 319:328 saccharification efficiency 302:328 saccharification efficiency of the hardwood Liquidambar styraciflua 302:368 The impact of this method, named glycerol thermal processing (GTP), on saccharification efficiency of the hardwood Liquidambar styraciflua, and a control cellulose sample was studied as a function of treatment severity. 26384086 2 40 from impact 235:240 arg1 sample 395:400 a control cellulose sample 375:400 a control cellulose sample 375:400 The impact of this method, named glycerol thermal processing (GTP), on saccharification efficiency of the hardwood Liquidambar styraciflua, and a control cellulose sample was studied as a function of treatment severity. 26384086 3 41 theme polymers 573:580 arg1 extraction 544:553 extraction 544:553 extraction of the structural polymers 544:580 Furthermore, the enzymatic conversion of samples with varying compositions was studied after extraction of the structural polymers. 26384086 4 42 theme initial 676:682 arg1 value 684:688 the initial value 672:688 the initial value 672:688 Interestingly, the sweet gum processed materials crystallinity index increased by 10% of the initial value. 26384086 2 43 theme thermal 273:279 arg1 GTP 293:295 GTP 293:295 GTP 293:295 The impact of this method, named glycerol thermal processing (GTP), on saccharification efficiency of the hardwood Liquidambar styraciflua, and a control cellulose sample was studied as a function of treatment severity. 26384086 2 43 theme thermal 273:279 arg1 processing 281:290 glycerol thermal processing 264:290 glycerol thermal processing (GTP) 264:296 The impact of this method, named glycerol thermal processing (GTP), on saccharification efficiency of the hardwood Liquidambar styraciflua, and a control cellulose sample was studied as a function of treatment severity. 26384086 5 44 theme starting 861:868 arg1 material 875:882 the starting wood material 857:882 the starting wood material 857:882 The experiments revealed that the residual lignin was not a barrier to limiting the digestibility of cellulose after pretreatment yielding up to 70% glucose based on the starting wood material. 26384086 2 45 theme severity 441:448 arg1 function 419:426 a function 417:426 a function of treatment severity 417:448 The impact of this method, named glycerol thermal processing (GTP), on saccharification efficiency of the hardwood Liquidambar styraciflua, and a control cellulose sample was studied as a function of treatment severity. 26384086 2 45 theme severity 441:448 arg1 impact 235:240 The impact 231:240 The impact of this method, named glycerol thermal processing (GTP), on saccharification efficiency of the hardwood Liquidambar styraciflua, and a control cellulose sample 231:400 The impact of this method, named glycerol thermal processing (GTP), on saccharification efficiency of the hardwood Liquidambar styraciflua, and a control cellulose sample was studied as a function of treatment severity. 26384086 6 46 dep improved 915:922 arg1 reaching 1023:1030 reaching 1023:1030 reaching 78% of ultimate glucan digestibility after 72 h 1023:1078 Further xylan removal greatly improved the cellulose hydrolysis rate, converting nearly 70% of the cellulose into glucose within 24h, and reaching 78% of ultimate glucan digestibility after 72 h. 26384086 6 46 dep improved 915:922 arg1 converting 955:964 converting 955:964 converting nearly 70% of the cellulose into glucose within 24h 955:1016 Further xylan removal greatly improved the cellulose hydrolysis rate, converting nearly 70% of the cellulose into glucose within 24h, and reaching 78% of ultimate glucan digestibility after 72 h. 26384086 2 47 theme saccharification 302:317 arg1 efficiency 319:328 saccharification efficiency 302:328 saccharification efficiency of the hardwood Liquidambar styraciflua 302:368 The impact of this method, named glycerol thermal processing (GTP), on saccharification efficiency of the hardwood Liquidambar styraciflua, and a control cellulose sample was studied as a function of treatment severity. 26384086 2 48 theme treatment 431:439 arg1 severity 441:448 treatment severity 431:448 treatment severity 431:448 The impact of this method, named glycerol thermal processing (GTP), on saccharification efficiency of the hardwood Liquidambar styraciflua, and a control cellulose sample was studied as a function of treatment severity. 26384086 3 49 theme structural 562:571 arg1 polymers 573:580 the structural polymers 558:580 the structural polymers 558:580 Furthermore, the enzymatic conversion of samples with varying compositions was studied after extraction of the structural polymers. 26384086 1 50 theme native 200:205 arg1 architecture 217:228 the native cell wall architecture 196:228 the native cell wall architecture 196:228 Biomass was heated (200-240°C) in the presence of glycerol, for 4-12 min, under shear to disrupt the native cell wall architecture. 26929175 10 0 theme Data 2007:2010 arg1 Bank 2012:2015 the Protein Data Bank 1995:2015 the Protein Data Bank codes: 5FKR, 5FKS, 5FKT and 5FKQ 1995:2048 DATABASE Structural data have been deposited in the RCSB protein database under the Protein Data Bank codes: 5FKR, 5FKS, 5FKT and 5FKQ. 26929175 3 1 theme cleaving 772:779 arg1 exo-glycosidases 781:796 associated side-chain cleaving exo-glycosidases 750:796 associated side-chain cleaving exo-glycosidases 750:796 The biochemical basis for XyG utilization by the model Gram-negative soil saprophytic bacterium Cellvibrio japonicus is incompletely understood, despite the recent characterization of associated side-chain cleaving exo-glycosidases. 26929175 7 2 with complex 1344:1350 arg1 products 1362:1369 XyGO products 1357:1369 XyGO products spanning the entire active site 1357:1401 X-ray crystallography of the GH74 module, alone and in complex with XyGO products spanning the entire active site, revealed a broad substrate-binding cleft specifically adapted to XyG recognition, which is composed of two seven-bladed propeller domains characteristic of the GH74 family. 26929175 1 3 theme carbohydrate 270:281 arg1 content 283:289 the total carbohydrate content 260:289 the total carbohydrate content of terrestrial plant cell walls 260:321 UNLABELLED The heteropolysaccharide xyloglucan (XyG) comprises up to one-quarter of the total carbohydrate content of terrestrial plant cell walls and, as such, represents a significant reservoir in the global carbon cycle. 26929175 7 4 theme characteristic 1542:1555 arg1 domains 1534:1540 two seven-bladed propeller domains 1507:1540 two seven-bladed propeller domains characteristic of the GH74 family 1507:1574 X-ray crystallography of the GH74 module, alone and in complex with XyGO products spanning the entire active site, revealed a broad substrate-binding cleft specifically adapted to XyG recognition, which is composed of two seven-bladed propeller domains characteristic of the GH74 family. 26929175 5 5 from 2 1109:1109 arg1 modules 1073:1079 two carbohydrate-binding modules 1048:1079 two carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) from families 10 and 2 (CBM10 and CBM2) 1048:1126 The CJA_2477 gene product comprises an N-terminal glycoside hydrolase family 74 (GH74) endo-xyloglucanase module in train with two carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) from families 10 and 2 (CBM10 and CBM2). 26929175 5 5 from 2 1109:1109 arg1 CBMs 1082:1085 CBMs 1082:1085 CBMs 1082:1085 The CJA_2477 gene product comprises an N-terminal glycoside hydrolase family 74 (GH74) endo-xyloglucanase module in train with two carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) from families 10 and 2 (CBM10 and CBM2). 26929175 6 6 theme action 1281:1286 arg1 mode 1273:1276 an endo-dissociative mode 1252:1276 an endo-dissociative mode of action 1252:1286 The GH74 catalytic domain generates Glc4 -based xylogluco-oligosaccharide (XyGO) substrates for downstream enzymes through an endo-dissociative mode of action. 26929175 7 7 theme X-ray 1289:1293 arg1 crystallography 1295:1309 X-ray crystallography 1289:1309 X-ray crystallography of the GH74 module, alone and in complex with XyGO products spanning the entire active site, 1289:1402 X-ray crystallography of the GH74 module, alone and in complex with XyGO products spanning the entire active site, revealed a broad substrate-binding cleft specifically adapted to XyG recognition, which is composed of two seven-bladed propeller domains characteristic of the GH74 family. 26929175 1 8 theme heteropolysaccharide 191:210 arg1 xyloglucan 212:221 The heteropolysaccharide xyloglucan 187:221 UNLABELLED The heteropolysaccharide xyloglucan (XyG) 176:227 UNLABELLED The heteropolysaccharide xyloglucan (XyG) comprises up to one-quarter of the total carbohydrate content of terrestrial plant cell walls and, as such, represents a significant reservoir in the global carbon cycle. 26929175 1 8 theme heteropolysaccharide 191:210 arg1 XyG 224:226 XyG 224:226 XyG 224:226 UNLABELLED The heteropolysaccharide xyloglucan (XyG) comprises up to one-quarter of the total carbohydrate content of terrestrial plant cell walls and, as such, represents a significant reservoir in the global carbon cycle. 26929175 7 9 theme GH74 1564:1567 arg1 family 1569:1574 the GH74 family 1560:1574 the GH74 family 1560:1574 X-ray crystallography of the GH74 module, alone and in complex with XyGO products spanning the entire active site, revealed a broad substrate-binding cleft specifically adapted to XyG recognition, which is composed of two seven-bladed propeller domains characteristic of the GH74 family. 26929175 10 10 theme Protein 1999:2005 arg1 Bank 2012:2015 the Protein Data Bank 1995:2015 the Protein Data Bank codes: 5FKR, 5FKS, 5FKT and 5FKQ 1995:2048 DATABASE Structural data have been deposited in the RCSB protein database under the Protein Data Bank codes: 5FKR, 5FKS, 5FKT and 5FKQ. 26929175 3 11 theme Gram-negative 621:633 arg1 bacterium 652:660 the model Gram-negative soil saprophytic bacterium 611:660 the model Gram-negative soil saprophytic bacterium Cellvibrio japonicus 611:681 The biochemical basis for XyG utilization by the model Gram-negative soil saprophytic bacterium Cellvibrio japonicus is incompletely understood, despite the recent characterization of associated side-chain cleaving exo-glycosidases. 26929175 9 12 theme xyloglucan 1786:1795 arg1 utilization 1797:1807 xyloglucan utilization 1786:1807 xyloglucan utilization by C. japonicus 1786:1823 Taken together, these data shed light on the first step of xyloglucan utilization by C. japonicus and expand the repertoire of GHs and CBMs for selective biomass analysis and utilization. 26929175 1 13 theme carbon 386:391 arg1 cycle 393:397 the global carbon cycle 375:397 the global carbon cycle 375:397 UNLABELLED The heteropolysaccharide xyloglucan (XyG) comprises up to one-quarter of the total carbohydrate content of terrestrial plant cell walls and, as such, represents a significant reservoir in the global carbon cycle. 26929175 5 14 theme CJA_2477 925:932 arg1 product 939:945 The CJA_2477 gene product 921:945 The CJA_2477 gene product 921:945 The CJA_2477 gene product comprises an N-terminal glycoside hydrolase family 74 (GH74) endo-xyloglucanase module in train with two carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) from families 10 and 2 (CBM10 and CBM2). 26929175 5 15 theme N-terminal 960:969 arg1 module 1027:1032 an N-terminal glycoside hydrolase family 74 (GH74) endo-xyloglucanase module 957:1032 an N-terminal glycoside hydrolase family 74 (GH74) endo-xyloglucanase module in train 957:1041 The CJA_2477 gene product comprises an N-terminal glycoside hydrolase family 74 (GH74) endo-xyloglucanase module in train with two carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) from families 10 and 2 (CBM10 and CBM2). 26929175 1 16 dep one-quarter 245:255 arg1 up 239:240 up 239:240 up 239:240 UNLABELLED The heteropolysaccharide xyloglucan (XyG) comprises up to one-quarter of the total carbohydrate content of terrestrial plant cell walls and, as such, represents a significant reservoir in the global carbon cycle. 26929175 0 17 theme xyloglucan 152:161 arg1 degradation 163:173 xyloglucan degradation 152:173 xyloglucan degradation 152:173 Functional and structural characterization of a potent GH74 endo-xyloglucanase from the soil saprophyte Cellvibrio japonicus unravels the first step of xyloglucan degradation. 26929175 3 18 theme saprophytic 640:650 arg1 bacterium 652:660 the model Gram-negative soil saprophytic bacterium 611:660 the model Gram-negative soil saprophytic bacterium Cellvibrio japonicus 611:681 The biochemical basis for XyG utilization by the model Gram-negative soil saprophytic bacterium Cellvibrio japonicus is incompletely understood, despite the recent characterization of associated side-chain cleaving exo-glycosidases. 26929175 0 19 from japonicus 115:123 arg1 endo-xyloglucanase 60:77 a potent GH74 endo-xyloglucanase 46:77 a potent GH74 endo-xyloglucanase from the soil saprophyte Cellvibrio japonicus unravels the first step of xyloglucan degradation 46:173 Functional and structural characterization of a potent GH74 endo-xyloglucanase from the soil saprophyte Cellvibrio japonicus unravels the first step of xyloglucan degradation. 26929175 0 19 from japonicus 115:123 arg1 characterization 26:41 Functional and structural characterization 0:41 Functional and structural characterization of a potent GH74 endo-xyloglucanase from the soil saprophyte Cellvibrio japonicus unravels the first step of xyloglucan degradation. 0:174 Functional and structural characterization of a potent GH74 endo-xyloglucanase from the soil saprophyte Cellvibrio japonicus unravels the first step of xyloglucan degradation. 26929175 4 20 theme functional 821:830 arg1 characterization 847:862 a detailed functional and structural characterization 810:862 a detailed functional and structural characterization of a multimodular enzyme encoded by gene locus CJA_2477 810:918 We present a detailed functional and structural characterization of a multimodular enzyme encoded by gene locus CJA_2477. 26929175 2 21 theme complete 539:546 arg1 saccharification 548:563 complete saccharification 539:563 complete saccharification 539:563 The complex composition of XyG requires a consortium of backbone-cleaving endo-xyloglucanases and side-chain cleaving exo-glycosidases for complete saccharification. 26929175 8 22 theme CBM10 1590:1594 arg1 members 1605:1611 The appended CBM10 and CBM2 members 1577:1611 The appended CBM10 and CBM2 members 1577:1611 The appended CBM10 and CBM2 members notably did not bind XyG, nor other soluble polysaccharides, and instead were specific cellulose-binding modules. 26929175 0 23 theme endo-xyloglucanase 60:77 arg1 characterization 26:41 Functional and structural characterization 0:41 Functional and structural characterization of a potent GH74 endo-xyloglucanase from the soil saprophyte Cellvibrio japonicus unravels the first step of xyloglucan degradation. 0:174 Functional and structural characterization of a potent GH74 endo-xyloglucanase from the soil saprophyte Cellvibrio japonicus unravels the first step of xyloglucan degradation. 26929175 5 24 theme gene 934:937 arg1 product 939:945 The CJA_2477 gene product 921:945 The CJA_2477 gene product 921:945 The CJA_2477 gene product comprises an N-terminal glycoside hydrolase family 74 (GH74) endo-xyloglucanase module in train with two carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) from families 10 and 2 (CBM10 and CBM2). 26929175 5 25 theme GH74 1002:1005 arg1 module 1027:1032 an N-terminal glycoside hydrolase family 74 (GH74) endo-xyloglucanase module 957:1032 an N-terminal glycoside hydrolase family 74 (GH74) endo-xyloglucanase module in train 957:1041 The CJA_2477 gene product comprises an N-terminal glycoside hydrolase family 74 (GH74) endo-xyloglucanase module in train with two carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) from families 10 and 2 (CBM10 and CBM2). 26929175 2 26 theme exo-glycosidases 518:533 arg1 consortium 442:451 a consortium 440:451 a consortium of backbone-cleaving endo-xyloglucanases and side-chain cleaving exo-glycosidases for complete saccharification 440:563 The complex composition of XyG requires a consortium of backbone-cleaving endo-xyloglucanases and side-chain cleaving exo-glycosidases for complete saccharification. 26929175 8 27 theme CBM2 1600:1603 arg1 members 1605:1611 The appended CBM10 and CBM2 members 1577:1611 The appended CBM10 and CBM2 members 1577:1611 The appended CBM10 and CBM2 members notably did not bind XyG, nor other soluble polysaccharides, and instead were specific cellulose-binding modules. 26929175 1 28 theme UNLABELLED 176:185 arg1 xyloglucan 212:221 The heteropolysaccharide xyloglucan 187:221 UNLABELLED The heteropolysaccharide xyloglucan (XyG) 176:227 UNLABELLED The heteropolysaccharide xyloglucan (XyG) comprises up to one-quarter of the total carbohydrate content of terrestrial plant cell walls and, as such, represents a significant reservoir in the global carbon cycle. 26929175 1 28 theme UNLABELLED 176:185 arg1 XyG 224:226 XyG 224:226 XyG 224:226 UNLABELLED The heteropolysaccharide xyloglucan (XyG) comprises up to one-quarter of the total carbohydrate content of terrestrial plant cell walls and, as such, represents a significant reservoir in the global carbon cycle. 26929175 9 29 theme CBMs 1862:1865 arg1 GHs 1854:1856 GHs 1854:1856 GHs 1854:1856 Taken together, these data shed light on the first step of xyloglucan utilization by C. japonicus and expand the repertoire of GHs and CBMs for selective biomass analysis and utilization. 26929175 9 29 theme CBMs 1862:1865 arg1 repertoire 1840:1849 the repertoire 1836:1849 the repertoire of GHs and CBMs 1836:1865 Taken together, these data shed light on the first step of xyloglucan utilization by C. japonicus and expand the repertoire of GHs and CBMs for selective biomass analysis and utilization. 26929175 9 29 theme CBMs 1862:1865 arg1 CBMs 1862:1865 CBMs 1862:1865 CBMs 1862:1865 Taken together, these data shed light on the first step of xyloglucan utilization by C. japonicus and expand the repertoire of GHs and CBMs for selective biomass analysis and utilization. 26929175 4 30 theme multimodular 869:880 arg1 enzyme 882:887 a multimodular enzyme 867:887 a multimodular enzyme encoded by gene locus CJA_2477 867:918 We present a detailed functional and structural characterization of a multimodular enzyme encoded by gene locus CJA_2477. 26929175 0 31 theme saprophyte 93:102 arg1 japonicus 115:123 the soil saprophyte Cellvibrio japonicus 84:123 the soil saprophyte Cellvibrio japonicus unravels the first step of xyloglucan degradation 84:173 Functional and structural characterization of a potent GH74 endo-xyloglucanase from the soil saprophyte Cellvibrio japonicus unravels the first step of xyloglucan degradation. 26929175 9 32 theme selective 1871:1879 arg1 analysis 1889:1896 selective biomass analysis 1871:1896 selective biomass analysis 1871:1896 Taken together, these data shed light on the first step of xyloglucan utilization by C. japonicus and expand the repertoire of GHs and CBMs for selective biomass analysis and utilization. 26929175 6 33 theme Glc4 1165:1168 arg1 substrates 1210:1219 Glc4 -based xylogluco-oligosaccharide (XyGO) substrates 1165:1219 Glc4 -based xylogluco-oligosaccharide (XyGO) substrates for downstream enzymes 1165:1242 The GH74 catalytic domain generates Glc4 -based xylogluco-oligosaccharide (XyGO) substrates for downstream enzymes through an endo-dissociative mode of action. 26929175 4 34 theme structural 836:845 arg1 characterization 847:862 a detailed functional and structural characterization 810:862 a detailed functional and structural characterization of a multimodular enzyme encoded by gene locus CJA_2477 810:918 We present a detailed functional and structural characterization of a multimodular enzyme encoded by gene locus CJA_2477. 26929175 0 35 theme Functional 0:9 arg1 characterization 26:41 Functional and structural characterization 0:41 Functional and structural characterization of a potent GH74 endo-xyloglucanase from the soil saprophyte Cellvibrio japonicus unravels the first step of xyloglucan degradation. 0:174 Functional and structural characterization of a potent GH74 endo-xyloglucanase from the soil saprophyte Cellvibrio japonicus unravels the first step of xyloglucan degradation. 26929175 1 36 theme terrestrial 294:304 arg1 walls 317:321 terrestrial plant cell walls 294:321 terrestrial plant cell walls 294:321 UNLABELLED The heteropolysaccharide xyloglucan (XyG) comprises up to one-quarter of the total carbohydrate content of terrestrial plant cell walls and, as such, represents a significant reservoir in the global carbon cycle. 26929175 5 37 from module 1027:1032 arg1 train 1037:1041 train 1037:1041 train 1037:1041 The CJA_2477 gene product comprises an N-terminal glycoside hydrolase family 74 (GH74) endo-xyloglucanase module in train with two carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) from families 10 and 2 (CBM10 and CBM2). 26929175 5 38 theme carbohydrate-binding 1052:1071 arg1 modules 1073:1079 two carbohydrate-binding modules 1048:1079 two carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) from families 10 and 2 (CBM10 and CBM2) 1048:1126 The CJA_2477 gene product comprises an N-terminal glycoside hydrolase family 74 (GH74) endo-xyloglucanase module in train with two carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) from families 10 and 2 (CBM10 and CBM2). 26929175 5 38 theme carbohydrate-binding 1052:1071 arg1 CBMs 1082:1085 CBMs 1082:1085 CBMs 1082:1085 The CJA_2477 gene product comprises an N-terminal glycoside hydrolase family 74 (GH74) endo-xyloglucanase module in train with two carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) from families 10 and 2 (CBM10 and CBM2). 26929175 7 39 theme broad 1415:1419 arg1 cleft 1439:1443 a broad substrate-binding cleft 1413:1443 a broad substrate-binding cleft specifically adapted to XyG recognition, which is composed of two seven-bladed propeller domains characteristic of the GH74 family 1413:1574 X-ray crystallography of the GH74 module, alone and in complex with XyGO products spanning the entire active site, revealed a broad substrate-binding cleft specifically adapted to XyG recognition, which is composed of two seven-bladed propeller domains characteristic of the GH74 family. 26929175 2 40 theme XyG 427:429 arg1 composition 412:422 The complex composition 400:422 The complex composition of XyG 400:429 The complex composition of XyG requires a consortium of backbone-cleaving endo-xyloglucanases and side-chain cleaving exo-glycosidases for complete saccharification. 26929175 0 41 theme structural 15:24 arg1 characterization 26:41 Functional and structural characterization 0:41 Functional and structural characterization of a potent GH74 endo-xyloglucanase from the soil saprophyte Cellvibrio japonicus unravels the first step of xyloglucan degradation. 0:174 Functional and structural characterization of a potent GH74 endo-xyloglucanase from the soil saprophyte Cellvibrio japonicus unravels the first step of xyloglucan degradation. 26929175 1 42 theme cell 312:315 arg1 walls 317:321 terrestrial plant cell walls 294:321 terrestrial plant cell walls 294:321 UNLABELLED The heteropolysaccharide xyloglucan (XyG) comprises up to one-quarter of the total carbohydrate content of terrestrial plant cell walls and, as such, represents a significant reservoir in the global carbon cycle. 26929175 7 43 theme propeller 1524:1532 arg1 domains 1534:1540 two seven-bladed propeller domains 1507:1540 two seven-bladed propeller domains characteristic of the GH74 family 1507:1574 X-ray crystallography of the GH74 module, alone and in complex with XyGO products spanning the entire active site, revealed a broad substrate-binding cleft specifically adapted to XyG recognition, which is composed of two seven-bladed propeller domains characteristic of the GH74 family. 26929175 6 44 theme GH74 1133:1136 arg1 domain 1148:1153 The GH74 catalytic domain 1129:1153 The GH74 catalytic domain 1129:1153 The GH74 catalytic domain generates Glc4 -based xylogluco-oligosaccharide (XyGO) substrates for downstream enzymes through an endo-dissociative mode of action. 26929175 2 45 theme side-chain 498:507 arg1 exo-glycosidases 518:533 side-chain cleaving exo-glycosidases 498:533 side-chain cleaving exo-glycosidases 498:533 The complex composition of XyG requires a consortium of backbone-cleaving endo-xyloglucanases and side-chain cleaving exo-glycosidases for complete saccharification. 26929175 8 46 theme soluble 1649:1655 arg1 polysaccharides 1657:1671 other soluble polysaccharides 1643:1671 other soluble polysaccharides 1643:1671 The appended CBM10 and CBM2 members notably did not bind XyG, nor other soluble polysaccharides, and instead were specific cellulose-binding modules. 26929175 3 47 theme recent 723:728 arg1 characterization 730:745 the recent characterization 719:745 the recent characterization of associated side-chain cleaving exo-glycosidases 719:796 The biochemical basis for XyG utilization by the model Gram-negative soil saprophytic bacterium Cellvibrio japonicus is incompletely understood, despite the recent characterization of associated side-chain cleaving exo-glycosidases. 26929175 2 48 theme endo-xyloglucanases 474:492 arg1 consortium 442:451 a consortium 440:451 a consortium of backbone-cleaving endo-xyloglucanases and side-chain cleaving exo-glycosidases for complete saccharification 440:563 The complex composition of XyG requires a consortium of backbone-cleaving endo-xyloglucanases and side-chain cleaving exo-glycosidases for complete saccharification. 26929175 0 49 theme potent 48:53 arg1 endo-xyloglucanase 60:77 a potent GH74 endo-xyloglucanase 46:77 a potent GH74 endo-xyloglucanase from the soil saprophyte Cellvibrio japonicus unravels the first step of xyloglucan degradation 46:173 Functional and structural characterization of a potent GH74 endo-xyloglucanase from the soil saprophyte Cellvibrio japonicus unravels the first step of xyloglucan degradation. 26929175 6 50 theme downstream 1225:1234 arg1 enzymes 1236:1242 downstream enzymes 1225:1242 downstream enzymes 1225:1242 The GH74 catalytic domain generates Glc4 -based xylogluco-oligosaccharide (XyGO) substrates for downstream enzymes through an endo-dissociative mode of action. 26929175 10 51 theme DATABASE 1915:1922 arg1 data 1935:1938 DATABASE Structural data 1915:1938 DATABASE Structural data 1915:1938 DATABASE Structural data have been deposited in the RCSB protein database under the Protein Data Bank codes: 5FKR, 5FKS, 5FKT and 5FKQ. 26929175 3 52 theme side-chain 761:770 arg1 exo-glycosidases 781:796 associated side-chain cleaving exo-glycosidases 750:796 associated side-chain cleaving exo-glycosidases 750:796 The biochemical basis for XyG utilization by the model Gram-negative soil saprophytic bacterium Cellvibrio japonicus is incompletely understood, despite the recent characterization of associated side-chain cleaving exo-glycosidases. 26929175 1 53 dep comprises 229:237 arg1 represents 337:346 represents 337:346 represents a significant reservoir in the global carbon cycle 337:397 UNLABELLED The heteropolysaccharide xyloglucan (XyG) comprises up to one-quarter of the total carbohydrate content of terrestrial plant cell walls and, as such, represents a significant reservoir in the global carbon cycle. 26929175 8 54 theme specific 1691:1698 arg1 modules 1718:1724 specific cellulose-binding modules 1691:1724 specific cellulose-binding modules 1691:1724 The appended CBM10 and CBM2 members notably did not bind XyG, nor other soluble polysaccharides, and instead were specific cellulose-binding modules. 26929175 10 55 theme RCSB 1967:1970 arg1 database 1980:1987 the RCSB protein database 1963:1987 the RCSB protein database 1963:1987 DATABASE Structural data have been deposited in the RCSB protein database under the Protein Data Bank codes: 5FKR, 5FKS, 5FKT and 5FKQ. 26929175 5 56 theme hydrolase 981:989 arg1 module 1027:1032 an N-terminal glycoside hydrolase family 74 (GH74) endo-xyloglucanase module 957:1032 an N-terminal glycoside hydrolase family 74 (GH74) endo-xyloglucanase module in train 957:1041 The CJA_2477 gene product comprises an N-terminal glycoside hydrolase family 74 (GH74) endo-xyloglucanase module in train with two carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) from families 10 and 2 (CBM10 and CBM2). 26929175 6 57 theme XyGO 1204:1207 arg1 substrates 1210:1219 Glc4 -based xylogluco-oligosaccharide (XyGO) substrates 1165:1219 Glc4 -based xylogluco-oligosaccharide (XyGO) substrates for downstream enzymes 1165:1242 The GH74 catalytic domain generates Glc4 -based xylogluco-oligosaccharide (XyGO) substrates for downstream enzymes through an endo-dissociative mode of action. 26929175 7 58 theme module 1323:1328 arg1 crystallography 1295:1309 X-ray crystallography 1289:1309 X-ray crystallography of the GH74 module, alone and in complex with XyGO products spanning the entire active site, 1289:1402 X-ray crystallography of the GH74 module, alone and in complex with XyGO products spanning the entire active site, revealed a broad substrate-binding cleft specifically adapted to XyG recognition, which is composed of two seven-bladed propeller domains characteristic of the GH74 family. 26929175 5 59 from families 1093:1100 arg1 modules 1073:1079 two carbohydrate-binding modules 1048:1079 two carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) from families 10 and 2 (CBM10 and CBM2) 1048:1126 The CJA_2477 gene product comprises an N-terminal glycoside hydrolase family 74 (GH74) endo-xyloglucanase module in train with two carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) from families 10 and 2 (CBM10 and CBM2). 26929175 5 59 from families 1093:1100 arg1 CBMs 1082:1085 CBMs 1082:1085 CBMs 1082:1085 The CJA_2477 gene product comprises an N-terminal glycoside hydrolase family 74 (GH74) endo-xyloglucanase module in train with two carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) from families 10 and 2 (CBM10 and CBM2). 26929175 1 60 theme total 264:268 arg1 content 283:289 the total carbohydrate content 260:289 the total carbohydrate content of terrestrial plant cell walls 260:321 UNLABELLED The heteropolysaccharide xyloglucan (XyG) comprises up to one-quarter of the total carbohydrate content of terrestrial plant cell walls and, as such, represents a significant reservoir in the global carbon cycle. 26929175 9 61 theme GHs 1854:1856 arg1 GHs 1854:1856 GHs 1854:1856 GHs 1854:1856 Taken together, these data shed light on the first step of xyloglucan utilization by C. japonicus and expand the repertoire of GHs and CBMs for selective biomass analysis and utilization. 26929175 9 61 theme GHs 1854:1856 arg1 repertoire 1840:1849 the repertoire 1836:1849 the repertoire of GHs and CBMs 1836:1865 Taken together, these data shed light on the first step of xyloglucan utilization by C. japonicus and expand the repertoire of GHs and CBMs for selective biomass analysis and utilization. 26929175 9 61 theme GHs 1854:1856 arg1 CBMs 1862:1865 CBMs 1862:1865 CBMs 1862:1865 Taken together, these data shed light on the first step of xyloglucan utilization by C. japonicus and expand the repertoire of GHs and CBMs for selective biomass analysis and utilization. 26929175 6 62 theme xylogluco-oligosaccharide 1177:1201 arg1 substrates 1210:1219 Glc4 -based xylogluco-oligosaccharide (XyGO) substrates 1165:1219 Glc4 -based xylogluco-oligosaccharide (XyGO) substrates for downstream enzymes 1165:1242 The GH74 catalytic domain generates Glc4 -based xylogluco-oligosaccharide (XyGO) substrates for downstream enzymes through an endo-dissociative mode of action. 26929175 3 63 theme exo-glycosidases 781:796 arg1 characterization 730:745 the recent characterization 719:745 the recent characterization of associated side-chain cleaving exo-glycosidases 719:796 The biochemical basis for XyG utilization by the model Gram-negative soil saprophytic bacterium Cellvibrio japonicus is incompletely understood, despite the recent characterization of associated side-chain cleaving exo-glycosidases. 26929175 3 64 theme XyG 592:594 arg1 utilization 596:606 XyG utilization 592:606 XyG utilization by the model Gram-negative soil saprophytic bacterium Cellvibrio japonicus 592:681 The biochemical basis for XyG utilization by the model Gram-negative soil saprophytic bacterium Cellvibrio japonicus is incompletely understood, despite the recent characterization of associated side-chain cleaving exo-glycosidases. 26929175 1 65 theme content 283:289 arg1 one-quarter 245:255 one-quarter 245:255 one-quarter of the total carbohydrate content of terrestrial plant cell walls 245:321 UNLABELLED The heteropolysaccharide xyloglucan (XyG) comprises up to one-quarter of the total carbohydrate content of terrestrial plant cell walls and, as such, represents a significant reservoir in the global carbon cycle. 26929175 7 66 theme family 1569:1574 arg1 characteristic 1542:1555 characteristic 1542:1555 characteristic 1542:1555 X-ray crystallography of the GH74 module, alone and in complex with XyGO products spanning the entire active site, revealed a broad substrate-binding cleft specifically adapted to XyG recognition, which is composed of two seven-bladed propeller domains characteristic of the GH74 family. 26929175 5 67 theme glycoside 971:979 arg1 module 1027:1032 an N-terminal glycoside hydrolase family 74 (GH74) endo-xyloglucanase module 957:1032 an N-terminal glycoside hydrolase family 74 (GH74) endo-xyloglucanase module in train 957:1041 The CJA_2477 gene product comprises an N-terminal glycoside hydrolase family 74 (GH74) endo-xyloglucanase module in train with two carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) from families 10 and 2 (CBM10 and CBM2). 26929175 9 68 theme first 1772:1776 arg1 step 1778:1781 the first step 1768:1781 the first step of xyloglucan utilization by C. japonicus 1768:1823 Taken together, these data shed light on the first step of xyloglucan utilization by C. japonicus and expand the repertoire of GHs and CBMs for selective biomass analysis and utilization. 26929175 3 69 theme model 615:619 arg1 bacterium 652:660 the model Gram-negative soil saprophytic bacterium 611:660 the model Gram-negative soil saprophytic bacterium Cellvibrio japonicus 611:681 The biochemical basis for XyG utilization by the model Gram-negative soil saprophytic bacterium Cellvibrio japonicus is incompletely understood, despite the recent characterization of associated side-chain cleaving exo-glycosidases. 26929175 5 70 theme family 991:996 arg1 module 1027:1032 an N-terminal glycoside hydrolase family 74 (GH74) endo-xyloglucanase module 957:1032 an N-terminal glycoside hydrolase family 74 (GH74) endo-xyloglucanase module in train 957:1041 The CJA_2477 gene product comprises an N-terminal glycoside hydrolase family 74 (GH74) endo-xyloglucanase module in train with two carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) from families 10 and 2 (CBM10 and CBM2). 26929175 6 71 theme endo-dissociative 1255:1271 arg1 mode 1273:1276 an endo-dissociative mode 1252:1276 an endo-dissociative mode of action 1252:1286 The GH74 catalytic domain generates Glc4 -based xylogluco-oligosaccharide (XyGO) substrates for downstream enzymes through an endo-dissociative mode of action. 26929175 0 72 theme first 138:142 arg1 step 144:147 the first step 134:147 the first step of xyloglucan degradation 134:173 Functional and structural characterization of a potent GH74 endo-xyloglucanase from the soil saprophyte Cellvibrio japonicus unravels the first step of xyloglucan degradation. 26929175 7 73 theme seven-bladed 1511:1522 arg1 domains 1534:1540 two seven-bladed propeller domains 1507:1540 two seven-bladed propeller domains characteristic of the GH74 family 1507:1574 X-ray crystallography of the GH74 module, alone and in complex with XyGO products spanning the entire active site, revealed a broad substrate-binding cleft specifically adapted to XyG recognition, which is composed of two seven-bladed propeller domains characteristic of the GH74 family. 26929175 9 74 theme utilization 1797:1807 arg1 step 1778:1781 the first step 1768:1781 the first step of xyloglucan utilization by C. japonicus 1768:1823 Taken together, these data shed light on the first step of xyloglucan utilization by C. japonicus and expand the repertoire of GHs and CBMs for selective biomass analysis and utilization. 26929175 5 75 theme endo-xyloglucanase 1008:1025 arg1 module 1027:1032 an N-terminal glycoside hydrolase family 74 (GH74) endo-xyloglucanase module 957:1032 an N-terminal glycoside hydrolase family 74 (GH74) endo-xyloglucanase module in train 957:1041 The CJA_2477 gene product comprises an N-terminal glycoside hydrolase family 74 (GH74) endo-xyloglucanase module in train with two carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) from families 10 and 2 (CBM10 and CBM2). 26929175 7 76 theme entire 1384:1389 arg1 site 1398:1401 the entire active site 1380:1401 the entire active site 1380:1401 X-ray crystallography of the GH74 module, alone and in complex with XyGO products spanning the entire active site, revealed a broad substrate-binding cleft specifically adapted to XyG recognition, which is composed of two seven-bladed propeller domains characteristic of the GH74 family. 26929175 3 77 theme bacterium 652:660 arg1 japonicus 673:681 the model Gram-negative soil saprophytic bacterium Cellvibrio japonicus 611:681 the model Gram-negative soil saprophytic bacterium Cellvibrio japonicus 611:681 The biochemical basis for XyG utilization by the model Gram-negative soil saprophytic bacterium Cellvibrio japonicus is incompletely understood, despite the recent characterization of associated side-chain cleaving exo-glycosidases. 26929175 0 78 theme degradation 163:173 arg1 step 144:147 the first step 134:147 the first step of xyloglucan degradation 134:173 Functional and structural characterization of a potent GH74 endo-xyloglucanase from the soil saprophyte Cellvibrio japonicus unravels the first step of xyloglucan degradation. 26929175 3 79 theme soil 635:638 arg1 bacterium 652:660 the model Gram-negative soil saprophytic bacterium 611:660 the model Gram-negative soil saprophytic bacterium Cellvibrio japonicus 611:681 The biochemical basis for XyG utilization by the model Gram-negative soil saprophytic bacterium Cellvibrio japonicus is incompletely understood, despite the recent characterization of associated side-chain cleaving exo-glycosidases. 26929175 8 80 theme appended 1581:1588 arg1 members 1605:1611 The appended CBM10 and CBM2 members 1577:1611 The appended CBM10 and CBM2 members 1577:1611 The appended CBM10 and CBM2 members notably did not bind XyG, nor other soluble polysaccharides, and instead were specific cellulose-binding modules. 26929175 5 81 dep families 1093:1100 arg1 CBM2 1122:1125 CBM2 1122:1125 CBM2 1122:1125 The CJA_2477 gene product comprises an N-terminal glycoside hydrolase family 74 (GH74) endo-xyloglucanase module in train with two carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) from families 10 and 2 (CBM10 and CBM2). 26929175 5 81 dep families 1093:1100 arg1 CBM10 1112:1116 CBM10 1112:1116 CBM10 1112:1116 The CJA_2477 gene product comprises an N-terminal glycoside hydrolase family 74 (GH74) endo-xyloglucanase module in train with two carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) from families 10 and 2 (CBM10 and CBM2). 26929175 5 81 dep families 1093:1100 arg1 families 1093:1100 families 10 and 2 1093:1109 families 1093:1100 The CJA_2477 gene product comprises an N-terminal glycoside hydrolase family 74 (GH74) endo-xyloglucanase module in train with two carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) from families 10 and 2 (CBM10 and CBM2). 26929175 4 82 theme gene 900:903 arg1 locus 905:909 gene locus CJA_2477 900:918 gene locus CJA_2477 900:918 We present a detailed functional and structural characterization of a multimodular enzyme encoded by gene locus CJA_2477. 26929175 7 83 theme XyG 1469:1471 arg1 recognition 1473:1483 XyG recognition 1469:1483 XyG recognition 1469:1483 X-ray crystallography of the GH74 module, alone and in complex with XyGO products spanning the entire active site, revealed a broad substrate-binding cleft specifically adapted to XyG recognition, which is composed of two seven-bladed propeller domains characteristic of the GH74 family. 26929175 4 84 theme detailed 812:819 arg1 characterization 847:862 a detailed functional and structural characterization 810:862 a detailed functional and structural characterization of a multimodular enzyme encoded by gene locus CJA_2477 810:918 We present a detailed functional and structural characterization of a multimodular enzyme encoded by gene locus CJA_2477. 26929175 10 85 theme Structural 1924:1933 arg1 data 1935:1938 DATABASE Structural data 1915:1938 DATABASE Structural data 1915:1938 DATABASE Structural data have been deposited in the RCSB protein database under the Protein Data Bank codes: 5FKR, 5FKS, 5FKT and 5FKQ. 26929175 0 86 from characterization 26:41 arg1 japonicus 115:123 the soil saprophyte Cellvibrio japonicus 84:123 the soil saprophyte Cellvibrio japonicus unravels the first step of xyloglucan degradation 84:173 Functional and structural characterization of a potent GH74 endo-xyloglucanase from the soil saprophyte Cellvibrio japonicus unravels the first step of xyloglucan degradation. 26929175 7 87 theme GH74 1318:1321 arg1 module 1323:1328 the GH74 module 1314:1328 the GH74 module 1314:1328 X-ray crystallography of the GH74 module, alone and in complex with XyGO products spanning the entire active site, revealed a broad substrate-binding cleft specifically adapted to XyG recognition, which is composed of two seven-bladed propeller domains characteristic of the GH74 family. 26929175 0 88 theme soil 88:91 arg1 japonicus 115:123 the soil saprophyte Cellvibrio japonicus 84:123 the soil saprophyte Cellvibrio japonicus unravels the first step of xyloglucan degradation 84:173 Functional and structural characterization of a potent GH74 endo-xyloglucanase from the soil saprophyte Cellvibrio japonicus unravels the first step of xyloglucan degradation. 26929175 2 89 theme cleaving 509:516 arg1 exo-glycosidases 518:533 side-chain cleaving exo-glycosidases 498:533 side-chain cleaving exo-glycosidases 498:533 The complex composition of XyG requires a consortium of backbone-cleaving endo-xyloglucanases and side-chain cleaving exo-glycosidases for complete saccharification. 26929175 0 90 theme Cellvibrio 104:113 arg1 japonicus 115:123 the soil saprophyte Cellvibrio japonicus 84:123 the soil saprophyte Cellvibrio japonicus unravels the first step of xyloglucan degradation 84:173 Functional and structural characterization of a potent GH74 endo-xyloglucanase from the soil saprophyte Cellvibrio japonicus unravels the first step of xyloglucan degradation. 26929175 1 91 theme significant 350:360 arg1 reservoir 362:370 a significant reservoir 348:370 a significant reservoir in the global carbon cycle 348:397 UNLABELLED The heteropolysaccharide xyloglucan (XyG) comprises up to one-quarter of the total carbohydrate content of terrestrial plant cell walls and, as such, represents a significant reservoir in the global carbon cycle. 26929175 6 92 theme -based 1170:1175 arg1 substrates 1210:1219 Glc4 -based xylogluco-oligosaccharide (XyGO) substrates 1165:1219 Glc4 -based xylogluco-oligosaccharide (XyGO) substrates for downstream enzymes 1165:1242 The GH74 catalytic domain generates Glc4 -based xylogluco-oligosaccharide (XyGO) substrates for downstream enzymes through an endo-dissociative mode of action. 26929175 9 93 theme biomass 1881:1887 arg1 analysis 1889:1896 selective biomass analysis 1871:1896 selective biomass analysis 1871:1896 Taken together, these data shed light on the first step of xyloglucan utilization by C. japonicus and expand the repertoire of GHs and CBMs for selective biomass analysis and utilization. 26929175 4 94 theme enzyme 882:887 arg1 characterization 847:862 a detailed functional and structural characterization 810:862 a detailed functional and structural characterization of a multimodular enzyme encoded by gene locus CJA_2477 810:918 We present a detailed functional and structural characterization of a multimodular enzyme encoded by gene locus CJA_2477. 26929175 1 95 theme global 379:384 arg1 cycle 393:397 the global carbon cycle 375:397 the global carbon cycle 375:397 UNLABELLED The heteropolysaccharide xyloglucan (XyG) comprises up to one-quarter of the total carbohydrate content of terrestrial plant cell walls and, as such, represents a significant reservoir in the global carbon cycle. 26929175 8 96 theme other 1643:1647 arg1 polysaccharides 1657:1671 other soluble polysaccharides 1643:1671 other soluble polysaccharides 1643:1671 The appended CBM10 and CBM2 members notably did not bind XyG, nor other soluble polysaccharides, and instead were specific cellulose-binding modules. 26929175 1 97 from reservoir 362:370 arg1 cycle 393:397 the global carbon cycle 375:397 the global carbon cycle 375:397 UNLABELLED The heteropolysaccharide xyloglucan (XyG) comprises up to one-quarter of the total carbohydrate content of terrestrial plant cell walls and, as such, represents a significant reservoir in the global carbon cycle. 26929175 1 98 theme plant 306:310 arg1 walls 317:321 terrestrial plant cell walls 294:321 terrestrial plant cell walls 294:321 UNLABELLED The heteropolysaccharide xyloglucan (XyG) comprises up to one-quarter of the total carbohydrate content of terrestrial plant cell walls and, as such, represents a significant reservoir in the global carbon cycle. 26929175 6 99 theme catalytic 1138:1146 arg1 domain 1148:1153 The GH74 catalytic domain 1129:1153 The GH74 catalytic domain 1129:1153 The GH74 catalytic domain generates Glc4 -based xylogluco-oligosaccharide (XyGO) substrates for downstream enzymes through an endo-dissociative mode of action. 26929175 1 100 theme walls 317:321 arg1 content 283:289 the total carbohydrate content 260:289 the total carbohydrate content of terrestrial plant cell walls 260:321 UNLABELLED The heteropolysaccharide xyloglucan (XyG) comprises up to one-quarter of the total carbohydrate content of terrestrial plant cell walls and, as such, represents a significant reservoir in the global carbon cycle. 26929175 7 101 theme active 1391:1396 arg1 site 1398:1401 the entire active site 1380:1401 the entire active site 1380:1401 X-ray crystallography of the GH74 module, alone and in complex with XyGO products spanning the entire active site, revealed a broad substrate-binding cleft specifically adapted to XyG recognition, which is composed of two seven-bladed propeller domains characteristic of the GH74 family. 26929175 7 102 theme substrate-binding 1421:1437 arg1 cleft 1439:1443 a broad substrate-binding cleft 1413:1443 a broad substrate-binding cleft specifically adapted to XyG recognition, which is composed of two seven-bladed propeller domains characteristic of the GH74 family 1413:1574 X-ray crystallography of the GH74 module, alone and in complex with XyGO products spanning the entire active site, revealed a broad substrate-binding cleft specifically adapted to XyG recognition, which is composed of two seven-bladed propeller domains characteristic of the GH74 family. 26929175 2 103 theme complex 404:410 arg1 composition 412:422 The complex composition 400:422 The complex composition of XyG 400:429 The complex composition of XyG requires a consortium of backbone-cleaving endo-xyloglucanases and side-chain cleaving exo-glycosidases for complete saccharification. 26929175 0 104 theme GH74 55:58 arg1 endo-xyloglucanase 60:77 a potent GH74 endo-xyloglucanase 46:77 a potent GH74 endo-xyloglucanase from the soil saprophyte Cellvibrio japonicus unravels the first step of xyloglucan degradation 46:173 Functional and structural characterization of a potent GH74 endo-xyloglucanase from the soil saprophyte Cellvibrio japonicus unravels the first step of xyloglucan degradation. 26929175 2 105 theme backbone-cleaving 456:472 arg1 endo-xyloglucanases 474:492 backbone-cleaving endo-xyloglucanases 456:492 backbone-cleaving endo-xyloglucanases 456:492 The complex composition of XyG requires a consortium of backbone-cleaving endo-xyloglucanases and side-chain cleaving exo-glycosidases for complete saccharification. 26929175 10 106 dep Bank 2012:2015 arg1 5FKT 2036:2039 5FKT 2036:2039 5FKT 2036:2039 DATABASE Structural data have been deposited in the RCSB protein database under the Protein Data Bank codes: 5FKR, 5FKS, 5FKT and 5FKQ. 26929175 10 106 dep Bank 2012:2015 arg1 5FKS 2030:2033 5FKS 2030:2033 5FKS 2030:2033 DATABASE Structural data have been deposited in the RCSB protein database under the Protein Data Bank codes: 5FKR, 5FKS, 5FKT and 5FKQ. 26929175 10 106 dep Bank 2012:2015 arg1 5FKR 2024:2027 5FKR 2024:2027 5FKR 2024:2027 DATABASE Structural data have been deposited in the RCSB protein database under the Protein Data Bank codes: 5FKR, 5FKS, 5FKT and 5FKQ. 26929175 10 106 dep Bank 2012:2015 arg1 5FKQ 2045:2048 5FKQ 2045:2048 5FKQ 2045:2048 DATABASE Structural data have been deposited in the RCSB protein database under the Protein Data Bank codes: 5FKR, 5FKS, 5FKT and 5FKQ. 26929175 10 106 dep Bank 2012:2015 arg1 codes 2017:2021 codes 2017:2021 codes 2017:2021 DATABASE Structural data have been deposited in the RCSB protein database under the Protein Data Bank codes: 5FKR, 5FKS, 5FKT and 5FKQ. 26929175 3 107 theme associated 750:759 arg1 exo-glycosidases 781:796 associated side-chain cleaving exo-glycosidases 750:796 associated side-chain cleaving exo-glycosidases 750:796 The biochemical basis for XyG utilization by the model Gram-negative soil saprophytic bacterium Cellvibrio japonicus is incompletely understood, despite the recent characterization of associated side-chain cleaving exo-glycosidases. 26929175 3 108 theme Cellvibrio 662:671 arg1 japonicus 673:681 the model Gram-negative soil saprophytic bacterium Cellvibrio japonicus 611:681 the model Gram-negative soil saprophytic bacterium Cellvibrio japonicus 611:681 The biochemical basis for XyG utilization by the model Gram-negative soil saprophytic bacterium Cellvibrio japonicus is incompletely understood, despite the recent characterization of associated side-chain cleaving exo-glycosidases. 26929175 8 109 theme cellulose-binding 1700:1716 arg1 modules 1718:1724 specific cellulose-binding modules 1691:1724 specific cellulose-binding modules 1691:1724 The appended CBM10 and CBM2 members notably did not bind XyG, nor other soluble polysaccharides, and instead were specific cellulose-binding modules. 26929175 10 110 theme protein 1972:1978 arg1 database 1980:1987 the RCSB protein database 1963:1987 the RCSB protein database 1963:1987 DATABASE Structural data have been deposited in the RCSB protein database under the Protein Data Bank codes: 5FKR, 5FKS, 5FKT and 5FKQ. 26929175 7 111 theme XyGO 1357:1360 arg1 products 1362:1369 XyGO products 1357:1369 XyGO products spanning the entire active site 1357:1401 X-ray crystallography of the GH74 module, alone and in complex with XyGO products spanning the entire active site, revealed a broad substrate-binding cleft specifically adapted to XyG recognition, which is composed of two seven-bladed propeller domains characteristic of the GH74 family. 26929175 3 112 theme biochemical 570:580 arg1 basis 582:586 The biochemical basis 566:586 The biochemical basis for XyG utilization by the model Gram-negative soil saprophytic bacterium Cellvibrio japonicus 566:681 The biochemical basis for XyG utilization by the model Gram-negative soil saprophytic bacterium Cellvibrio japonicus is incompletely understood, despite the recent characterization of associated side-chain cleaving exo-glycosidases. 26876866 0 0 theme carrier 88:94 arg1 system 96:101 a polyhydroxybutyrate carrier system 66:101 a polyhydroxybutyrate carrier system 66:101 Method to reinforce polylactic acid with cellulose nanofibers via a polyhydroxybutyrate carrier system. 26876866 0 1 with acid 31:34 arg1 nanofibers 51:60 cellulose nanofibers 41:60 cellulose nanofibers 41:60 Method to reinforce polylactic acid with cellulose nanofibers via a polyhydroxybutyrate carrier system. 26876866 2 2 theme neat 262:265 arg1 PLA 267:269 neat PLA 262:269 neat PLA 262:269 % CNF with the carrier, at a frequency (ω) of 0.07, were 67% and 415% higher, respectively, than that of neat PLA. 26876866 7 3 theme nanocomposites 533:546 arg1 elasticity 515:524 elasticity 515:524 elasticity of the nanocomposites 515:546 The tensile and flexural moduli of elasticity of the nanocomposites continuously increased with increased CNF loading. 26876866 0 4 theme polyhydroxybutyrate 68:86 arg1 system 96:101 a polyhydroxybutyrate carrier system 66:101 a polyhydroxybutyrate carrier system 66:101 Method to reinforce polylactic acid with cellulose nanofibers via a polyhydroxybutyrate carrier system. 26876866 6 5 theme PHB 443:445 arg1 carrier 447:453 the PHB carrier 439:453 the PHB carrier 439:453 % CNF and the PHB carrier was similar to neat PLA. 26876866 6 5 theme PHB 443:445 arg1 similar 459:465 similar 459:465 similar 459:465 % CNF and the PHB carrier was similar to neat PLA. 26876866 3 6 dep viscosity 282:290 arg1 rate 303:306 a shear rate 295:306 a shear rate of 0.01 (η0.01) for PLA+10wt 295:335 The shear viscosity at a shear rate of 0.01 (η0.01) for PLA+10wt. 26876866 8 7 theme rheological 678:688 arg1 data 690:693 the rheological data 674:693 the rheological data 674:693 The results of the mechanical property measurements are in accordance with the rheological data. 26876866 8 8 theme property 629:636 arg1 measurements 638:649 the mechanical property measurements 614:649 the mechanical property measurements 614:649 The results of the mechanical property measurements are in accordance with the rheological data. 26876866 9 9 dep dispersed 726:734 arg1 nanofibers 753:762 less-aggregated nanofibers 737:762 less-aggregated nanofibers 737:762 The CNF appeared to be better dispersed (less-aggregated nanofibers) in the PLA reinforced with 5wt. 26876866 7 10 theme flexural 496:503 arg1 moduli 505:510 The tensile and flexural moduli 480:510 The tensile and flexural moduli of elasticity of the nanocomposites 480:546 The tensile and flexural moduli of elasticity of the nanocomposites continuously increased with increased CNF loading. 26876866 2 11 from frequency 186:194 arg1 CNF 159:161 % CNF 157:161 % CNF 157:161 % CNF with the carrier, at a frequency (ω) of 0.07, were 67% and 415% higher, respectively, than that of neat PLA. 26876866 8 12 theme mechanical 618:627 arg1 measurements 638:649 the mechanical property measurements 614:649 the mechanical property measurements 614:649 The results of the mechanical property measurements are in accordance with the rheological data. 26876866 0 13 theme cellulose 41:49 arg1 nanofibers 51:60 cellulose nanofibers 41:60 cellulose nanofibers 41:60 Method to reinforce polylactic acid with cellulose nanofibers via a polyhydroxybutyrate carrier system. 26876866 5 14 theme PLA 405:407 arg1 η0.01 396:400 The η0.01 392:400 The η0.01 of PLA 392:407 The η0.01 of PLA reinforced with 5wt. 26876866 3 15 theme 0.01 311:314 arg1 rate 303:306 a shear rate 295:306 a shear rate of 0.01 (η0.01) for PLA+10wt 295:335 The shear viscosity at a shear rate of 0.01 (η0.01) for PLA+10wt. 26876866 6 16 theme % 429:429 arg1 CNF 431:433 % CNF 429:433 % CNF 429:433 % CNF and the PHB carrier was similar to neat PLA. 26876866 3 17 theme shear 276:280 arg1 viscosity 282:290 The shear viscosity 272:290 The shear viscosity 272:290 The shear viscosity at a shear rate of 0.01 (η0.01) for PLA+10wt. 26876866 1 18 theme elastic 108:114 arg1 moduli 116:121 The elastic moduli 104:121 The elastic moduli of PLA 104:128 The elastic moduli of PLA reinforced with 5 and 10wt. 26876866 11 19 theme construction 914:925 arg1 materials 927:935 construction materials 914:935 construction materials 914:935 Possible applications for the composites studied in this research are packaging materials, construction materials, and auto parts for interior applications. 26876866 7 20 theme elasticity 515:524 arg1 moduli 505:510 The tensile and flexural moduli 480:510 The tensile and flexural moduli of elasticity of the nanocomposites 480:546 The tensile and flexural moduli of elasticity of the nanocomposites continuously increased with increased CNF loading. 26876866 10 21 theme % 796:796 arg1 CNF 798:800 % CNF 796:800 % CNF 796:800 % CNF and the PHB carrier. 26876866 11 22 theme packaging 893:901 arg1 materials 903:911 packaging materials 893:911 packaging materials 893:911 Possible applications for the composites studied in this research are packaging materials, construction materials, and auto parts for interior applications. 26876866 11 22 theme packaging 893:901 arg1 applications 832:843 Possible applications 823:843 Possible applications for the composites studied in this research 823:887 Possible applications for the composites studied in this research are packaging materials, construction materials, and auto parts for interior applications. 26876866 4 23 theme neat 375:378 arg1 matrix 384:389 the neat PLA matrix 371:389 the neat PLA matrix 371:389 % CNF was 32% higher than that of the neat PLA matrix. 26876866 4 24 theme % 337:337 arg1 CNF 339:341 % CNF 337:341 % CNF 337:341 % CNF was 32% higher than that of the neat PLA matrix. 26876866 0 25 theme polylactic 20:29 arg1 acid 31:34 polylactic acid 20:34 polylactic acid with cellulose nanofibers 20:60 Method to reinforce polylactic acid with cellulose nanofibers via a polyhydroxybutyrate carrier system. 26876866 11 26 theme Possible 823:830 arg1 materials 903:911 packaging materials 893:911 packaging materials 893:911 Possible applications for the composites studied in this research are packaging materials, construction materials, and auto parts for interior applications. 26876866 11 26 theme Possible 823:830 arg1 applications 832:843 Possible applications 823:843 Possible applications for the composites studied in this research 823:887 Possible applications for the composites studied in this research are packaging materials, construction materials, and auto parts for interior applications. 26876866 3 27 theme shear 297:301 arg1 rate 303:306 a shear rate 295:306 a shear rate of 0.01 (η0.01) for PLA+10wt 295:335 The shear viscosity at a shear rate of 0.01 (η0.01) for PLA+10wt. 26876866 7 28 theme tensile 484:490 arg1 moduli 505:510 The tensile and flexural moduli 480:510 The tensile and flexural moduli of elasticity of the nanocomposites 480:546 The tensile and flexural moduli of elasticity of the nanocomposites continuously increased with increased CNF loading. 26876866 2 29 theme % 157:157 arg1 CNF 159:161 % CNF 157:161 % CNF 157:161 % CNF with the carrier, at a frequency (ω) of 0.07, were 67% and 415% higher, respectively, than that of neat PLA. 26876866 4 30 theme PLA 380:382 arg1 matrix 384:389 the neat PLA matrix 371:389 the neat PLA matrix 371:389 % CNF was 32% higher than that of the neat PLA matrix. 26876866 11 31 theme interior 957:964 arg1 applications 966:977 interior applications 957:977 interior applications 957:977 Possible applications for the composites studied in this research are packaging materials, construction materials, and auto parts for interior applications. 26876866 10 32 theme PHB 810:812 arg1 carrier 814:820 the PHB carrier 806:820 the PHB carrier 806:820 % CNF and the PHB carrier. 26876866 11 33 theme auto 942:945 arg1 parts 947:951 auto parts 942:951 auto parts 942:951 Possible applications for the composites studied in this research are packaging materials, construction materials, and auto parts for interior applications. 26876866 1 34 theme PLA 126:128 arg1 moduli 116:121 The elastic moduli 104:121 The elastic moduli of PLA 104:128 The elastic moduli of PLA reinforced with 5 and 10wt. 26876866 6 35 theme neat 470:473 arg1 PLA 475:477 neat PLA 470:477 neat PLA 470:477 % CNF and the PHB carrier was similar to neat PLA. 26876866 7 36 theme increased 576:584 arg1 loading 590:596 increased CNF loading 576:596 increased CNF loading 576:596 The tensile and flexural moduli of elasticity of the nanocomposites continuously increased with increased CNF loading. 26876866 2 37 theme 0.07 203:206 arg1 ω 197:197 ω 197:197 ω 197:197 % CNF with the carrier, at a frequency (ω) of 0.07, were 67% and 415% higher, respectively, than that of neat PLA. 26876866 2 37 theme 0.07 203:206 arg1 frequency 186:194 a frequency 184:194 a frequency (ω) of 0.07 184:206 % CNF with the carrier, at a frequency (ω) of 0.07, were 67% and 415% higher, respectively, than that of neat PLA. 26876866 2 38 with CNF 159:161 arg1 carrier 172:178 the carrier 168:178 the carrier 168:178 % CNF with the carrier, at a frequency (ω) of 0.07, were 67% and 415% higher, respectively, than that of neat PLA. 26876866 7 39 theme CNF 586:588 arg1 loading 590:596 increased CNF loading 576:596 increased CNF loading 576:596 The tensile and flexural moduli of elasticity of the nanocomposites continuously increased with increased CNF loading. 26876866 8 40 theme measurements 638:649 arg1 results 603:609 The results 599:609 The results of the mechanical property measurements 599:649 The results of the mechanical property measurements are in accordance with the rheological data. 26876866 9 41 theme less-aggregated 737:751 arg1 nanofibers 753:762 less-aggregated nanofibers 737:762 less-aggregated nanofibers 737:762 The CNF appeared to be better dispersed (less-aggregated nanofibers) in the PLA reinforced with 5wt. 25423734 5 0 theme B. 601:602 arg1 LPS 623:625 the B. aquatica DLR 20186 LPS 597:625 the B. aquatica DLR 20186 LPS 597:625 Double immunodiffusion in agar by the Ouchterlony method revealed antigenic activity of the B. aquatica DLR 20186 LPS in a homologous system. 25423734 3 1 theme other 306:310 arg1 Enterobacteriaceae 312:329 other Enterobacteriaceae 306:329 other Enterobacteriaceae 306:329 Its fatty acid composition was similar to that of the LPS from other Enterobacteriaceae, with predominance of tetradecanoic (32.7%) and 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acids (23.8%). 25423734 5 2 theme Ouchterlony 547:557 arg1 method 559:564 the Ouchterlony method 543:564 the Ouchterlony method 543:564 Double immunodiffusion in agar by the Ouchterlony method revealed antigenic activity of the B. aquatica DLR 20186 LPS in a homologous system. 25423734 7 3 theme aquatica 731:738 arg1 strains 741:747 aquatica@ strains 731:747 aquatica@ strains. 731:748 aquatica@ strains. 25423734 5 4 theme LPS 623:625 arg1 activity 585:592 antigenic activity 575:592 antigenic activity of the B. aquatica DLR 20186 LPS in a homologous system 575:648 Double immunodiffusion in agar by the Ouchterlony method revealed antigenic activity of the B. aquatica DLR 20186 LPS in a homologous system. 25423734 0 5 from DLR 67:69 arg1 [Characterization 0:16 [Characterization 0:16 [Characterization of the lipopolysaccharide from Budvicia aquatica DLR 20186]. 0:77 [Characterization of the lipopolysaccharide from Budvicia aquatica DLR 20186]. 25423734 1 6 from 20186 133:137 arg1 LPS 101:103 LPS 101:103 LPS 101:103 A lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Budvicia aquatica DRL 20186 was isolated, studied, and chemically identified. 25423734 1 6 from 20186 133:137 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 81:98 A lipopolysaccharide 79:98 A lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Budvicia aquatica DRL 20186 79:137 A lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Budvicia aquatica DRL 20186 was isolated, studied, and chemically identified. 25423734 3 7 dep tetradecanoic 353:365 arg1 % 372:372 32.7% 368:372 32.7% 368:372 Its fatty acid composition was similar to that of the LPS from other Enterobacteriaceae, with predominance of tetradecanoic (32.7%) and 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acids (23.8%). 25423734 3 8 theme 3-hydroxytetradecanoic 379:400 arg1 acids 402:406 tetradecanoic (32.7%) and 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acids 353:406 tetradecanoic (32.7%) and 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acids (23.8%) 353:414 Its fatty acid composition was similar to that of the LPS from other Enterobacteriaceae, with predominance of tetradecanoic (32.7%) and 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acids (23.8%). 25423734 3 8 theme 3-hydroxytetradecanoic 379:400 arg1 % 413:413 23.8% 409:413 23.8% 409:413 Its fatty acid composition was similar to that of the LPS from other Enterobacteriaceae, with predominance of tetradecanoic (32.7%) and 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acids (23.8%). 25423734 1 9 dep Budvicia 111:118 arg1 aquatica 120:127 aquatica 120:127 aquatica 120:127 A lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Budvicia aquatica DRL 20186 was isolated, studied, and chemically identified. 25423734 3 10 theme acids 402:406 arg1 predominance 337:348 predominance 337:348 predominance of tetradecanoic (32.7%) and 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acids (23.8%) 337:414 Its fatty acid composition was similar to that of the LPS from other Enterobacteriaceae, with predominance of tetradecanoic (32.7%) and 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acids (23.8%). 25423734 5 11 from immunodiffusion 516:530 arg1 agar 535:538 agar 535:538 agar 535:538 Double immunodiffusion in agar by the Ouchterlony method revealed antigenic activity of the B. aquatica DLR 20186 LPS in a homologous system. 25423734 1 12 dep isolated 143:150 arg1 identified 177:186 identified 177:186 identified 177:186 A lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Budvicia aquatica DRL 20186 was isolated, studied, and chemically identified. 25423734 5 13 dep B. 601:602 arg1 aquatica 604:611 aquatica 604:611 aquatica 604:611 Double immunodiffusion in agar by the Ouchterlony method revealed antigenic activity of the B. aquatica DLR 20186 LPS in a homologous system. 25423734 5 14 theme Double 509:514 arg1 immunodiffusion 516:530 Double immunodiffusion 509:530 Double immunodiffusion in agar by the Ouchterlony method 509:564 Double immunodiffusion in agar by the Ouchterlony method revealed antigenic activity of the B. aquatica DLR 20186 LPS in a homologous system. 25423734 3 15 with similar 274:280 arg1 predominance 337:348 predominance 337:348 predominance of tetradecanoic (32.7%) and 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acids (23.8%) 337:414 Its fatty acid composition was similar to that of the LPS from other Enterobacteriaceae, with predominance of tetradecanoic (32.7%) and 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acids (23.8%). 25423734 0 16 theme lipopolysaccharide 25:42 arg1 [Characterization 0:16 [Characterization 0:16 [Characterization of the lipopolysaccharide from Budvicia aquatica DLR 20186]. 0:77 [Characterization of the lipopolysaccharide from Budvicia aquatica DLR 20186]. 25423734 6 17 theme cross 654:658 arg1 reactions 660:668 cross reactions 654:668 cross reactions 654:668 In cross reactions, however, it did not interact with the antisera to other @B. 25423734 3 18 theme fatty 247:251 arg1 composition 258:268 Its fatty acid composition 243:268 Its fatty acid composition 243:268 Its fatty acid composition was similar to that of the LPS from other Enterobacteriaceae, with predominance of tetradecanoic (32.7%) and 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acids (23.8%). 25423734 0 19 theme Budvicia 49:56 arg1 DLR 67:69 Budvicia aquatica DLR 20186] 49:76 Budvicia aquatica DLR 20186] 49:76 [Characterization of the lipopolysaccharide from Budvicia aquatica DLR 20186]. 25423734 4 20 theme dodecanoic 465:474 arg1 % 486:486 8.4% 483:486 8.4% 483:486 Hexadecenoic (20.4%), hexadecanoic (11.8%), and dodecanoic acids (8.4%) were also revealed. 25423734 4 20 theme dodecanoic 465:474 arg1 acids 476:480 dodecanoic acids 465:480 dodecanoic acids (8.4%) 465:487 Hexadecenoic (20.4%), hexadecanoic (11.8%), and dodecanoic acids (8.4%) were also revealed. 25423734 6 21 theme @ 727:727 arg1 B 728:728 other @B 721:728 other @B 721:728 In cross reactions, however, it did not interact with the antisera to other @B. 25423734 5 22 theme DLR 613:615 arg1 LPS 623:625 the B. aquatica DLR 20186 LPS 597:625 the B. aquatica DLR 20186 LPS 597:625 Double immunodiffusion in agar by the Ouchterlony method revealed antigenic activity of the B. aquatica DLR 20186 LPS in a homologous system. 25423734 6 23 theme other 721:725 arg1 B 728:728 other @B 721:728 other @B 721:728 In cross reactions, however, it did not interact with the antisera to other @B. 25423734 3 24 theme tetradecanoic 353:365 arg1 acids 402:406 tetradecanoic (32.7%) and 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acids 353:406 tetradecanoic (32.7%) and 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acids (23.8%) 353:414 Its fatty acid composition was similar to that of the LPS from other Enterobacteriaceae, with predominance of tetradecanoic (32.7%) and 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acids (23.8%). 25423734 3 24 theme tetradecanoic 353:365 arg1 % 413:413 23.8% 409:413 23.8% 409:413 Its fatty acid composition was similar to that of the LPS from other Enterobacteriaceae, with predominance of tetradecanoic (32.7%) and 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acids (23.8%). 25423734 5 25 theme 20186 617:621 arg1 LPS 623:625 the B. aquatica DLR 20186 LPS 597:625 the B. aquatica DLR 20186 LPS 597:625 Double immunodiffusion in agar by the Ouchterlony method revealed antigenic activity of the B. aquatica DLR 20186 LPS in a homologous system. 25423734 3 26 from Enterobacteriaceae 312:329 arg1 LPS 297:299 the LPS 293:299 the LPS from other Enterobacteriaceae 293:329 Its fatty acid composition was similar to that of the LPS from other Enterobacteriaceae, with predominance of tetradecanoic (32.7%) and 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acids (23.8%). 25423734 0 27 theme aquatica 58:65 arg1 DLR 67:69 Budvicia aquatica DLR 20186] 49:76 Budvicia aquatica DLR 20186] 49:76 [Characterization of the lipopolysaccharide from Budvicia aquatica DLR 20186]. 25423734 5 28 theme antigenic 575:583 arg1 activity 585:592 antigenic activity 575:592 antigenic activity of the B. aquatica DLR 20186 LPS in a homologous system 575:648 Double immunodiffusion in agar by the Ouchterlony method revealed antigenic activity of the B. aquatica DLR 20186 LPS in a homologous system. 25423734 1 29 theme Budvicia 111:118 arg1 20186 133:137 Budvicia aquatica DRL 20186 111:137 Budvicia aquatica DRL 20186 111:137 A lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Budvicia aquatica DRL 20186 was isolated, studied, and chemically identified. 25423734 3 30 theme acid 253:256 arg1 composition 258:268 Its fatty acid composition 243:268 Its fatty acid composition 243:268 Its fatty acid composition was similar to that of the LPS from other Enterobacteriaceae, with predominance of tetradecanoic (32.7%) and 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acids (23.8%). 25423734 5 31 from activity 585:592 arg1 system 643:648 a homologous system 630:648 a homologous system 630:648 Double immunodiffusion in agar by the Ouchterlony method revealed antigenic activity of the B. aquatica DLR 20186 LPS in a homologous system. 25423734 1 32 theme DRL 129:131 arg1 20186 133:137 Budvicia aquatica DRL 20186 111:137 Budvicia aquatica DRL 20186 111:137 A lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Budvicia aquatica DRL 20186 was isolated, studied, and chemically identified. 25423734 5 33 theme homologous 632:641 arg1 system 643:648 a homologous system 630:648 a homologous system 630:648 Double immunodiffusion in agar by the Ouchterlony method revealed antigenic activity of the B. aquatica DLR 20186 LPS in a homologous system. 25423734 7 34 theme @ 739:739 arg1 strains 741:747 aquatica@ strains 731:747 aquatica@ strains. 731:748 aquatica@ strains. 24382148 0 0 theme digestion 80:88 arg1 properties 90:99 structural and enzyme digestion properties 58:99 structural and enzyme digestion properties 58:99 Mechanism for starch granule ghost formation deduced from structural and enzyme digestion properties. 24382148 5 1 theme molecular 850:858 arg1 composition 860:870 molecular composition 850:870 molecular composition 850:870 On the basis of the molecular composition and conformation of enzyme-resistant fractions, it was concluded that the condensed polymeric surface structure of ghost particles is mainly composed of nonordered but entangled amylopectin (and some amylose) molecules, with limited reinforcement through partially ordered enzyme-resistant structures based on amylose (for maize starch; V-type order) or amylopectin (for potato starch; B-type order). 24382148 3 2 theme ghosts 482:487 arg1 digestion 452:460 amylase digestion 444:460 amylase digestion of isolated granule ghosts from maize and potato starches 444:518 In this study, amylase digestion of isolated granule ghosts from maize and potato starches is used as a probe to study the mechanism of ghost formation, through microstructural, mesoscopic, and molecular scale analyses of structure before and after digestion. 24382148 3 2 theme ghosts 482:487 arg1 probe 533:537 a probe 531:537 a probe to study the mechanism of ghost formation, through microstructural, mesoscopic, and molecular scale analyses of structure before and after digestion 531:686 In this study, amylase digestion of isolated granule ghosts from maize and potato starches is used as a probe to study the mechanism of ghost formation, through microstructural, mesoscopic, and molecular scale analyses of structure before and after digestion. 24382148 1 3 theme fragile 231:237 arg1 forms 239:243 highly swollen fragile forms 216:243 highly swollen fragile forms 216:243 After heating in excess water under little or no shear, starch granules do not dissolve completely but persist as highly swollen fragile forms, commonly termed granule "ghosts". 24382148 0 4 theme enzyme 73:78 arg1 digestion 80:88 enzyme digestion 73:88 enzyme digestion 73:88 Mechanism for starch granule ghost formation deduced from structural and enzyme digestion properties. 24382148 5 5 theme potato 1243:1248 arg1 order 1265:1269 potato starch; B-type order 1243:1269 potato starch; B-type order 1243:1269 On the basis of the molecular composition and conformation of enzyme-resistant fractions, it was concluded that the condensed polymeric surface structure of ghost particles is mainly composed of nonordered but entangled amylopectin (and some amylose) molecules, with limited reinforcement through partially ordered enzyme-resistant structures based on amylose (for maize starch; V-type order) or amylopectin (for potato starch; B-type order). 24382148 5 6 theme starch 1201:1206 arg1 order 1216:1220 maize starch; V-type order 1195:1220 maize starch; V-type order 1195:1220 On the basis of the molecular composition and conformation of enzyme-resistant fractions, it was concluded that the condensed polymeric surface structure of ghost particles is mainly composed of nonordered but entangled amylopectin (and some amylose) molecules, with limited reinforcement through partially ordered enzyme-resistant structures based on amylose (for maize starch; V-type order) or amylopectin (for potato starch; B-type order). 24382148 6 7 theme amylopectin 1329:1339 arg1 branching 1291:1299 branching 1291:1299 branching 1291:1299 The high level of branching and large molecular size of amylopectin is proposed to be the origin for the unusual stability of a solid structure based primarily on temporary entanglements. 24382148 6 7 theme amylopectin 1329:1339 arg1 size 1321:1324 large molecular size 1305:1324 large molecular size of amylopectin 1305:1339 The high level of branching and large molecular size of amylopectin is proposed to be the origin for the unusual stability of a solid structure based primarily on temporary entanglements. 24382148 3 8 theme structure 651:659 arg1 analyses 639:646 microstructural, mesoscopic, and molecular scale analyses 590:646 microstructural, mesoscopic, and molecular scale analyses of structure before and after digestion 590:686 In this study, amylase digestion of isolated granule ghosts from maize and potato starches is used as a probe to study the mechanism of ghost formation, through microstructural, mesoscopic, and molecular scale analyses of structure before and after digestion. 24382148 6 9 theme unusual 1378:1384 arg1 stability 1386:1394 the unusual stability 1374:1394 the unusual stability of a solid structure based primarily on temporary entanglements 1374:1458 The high level of branching and large molecular size of amylopectin is proposed to be the origin for the unusual stability of a solid structure based primarily on temporary entanglements. 24382148 5 10 theme starch 1250:1255 arg1 order 1265:1269 potato starch; B-type order 1243:1269 potato starch; B-type order 1243:1269 On the basis of the molecular composition and conformation of enzyme-resistant fractions, it was concluded that the condensed polymeric surface structure of ghost particles is mainly composed of nonordered but entangled amylopectin (and some amylose) molecules, with limited reinforcement through partially ordered enzyme-resistant structures based on amylose (for maize starch; V-type order) or amylopectin (for potato starch; B-type order). 24382148 3 11 from maize 494:498 arg1 digestion 452:460 amylase digestion 444:460 amylase digestion of isolated granule ghosts from maize and potato starches 444:518 In this study, amylase digestion of isolated granule ghosts from maize and potato starches is used as a probe to study the mechanism of ghost formation, through microstructural, mesoscopic, and molecular scale analyses of structure before and after digestion. 24382148 3 11 from maize 494:498 arg1 probe 533:537 a probe 531:537 a probe to study the mechanism of ghost formation, through microstructural, mesoscopic, and molecular scale analyses of structure before and after digestion 531:686 In this study, amylase digestion of isolated granule ghosts from maize and potato starches is used as a probe to study the mechanism of ghost formation, through microstructural, mesoscopic, and molecular scale analyses of structure before and after digestion. 24382148 5 12 theme condensed 946:954 arg1 structure 974:982 the condensed polymeric surface structure 942:982 the condensed polymeric surface structure of ghost particles 942:1001 On the basis of the molecular composition and conformation of enzyme-resistant fractions, it was concluded that the condensed polymeric surface structure of ghost particles is mainly composed of nonordered but entangled amylopectin (and some amylose) molecules, with limited reinforcement through partially ordered enzyme-resistant structures based on amylose (for maize starch; V-type order) or amylopectin (for potato starch; B-type order). 24382148 5 13 theme V-type 1209:1214 arg1 order 1216:1220 maize starch; V-type order 1195:1220 maize starch; V-type order 1195:1220 On the basis of the molecular composition and conformation of enzyme-resistant fractions, it was concluded that the condensed polymeric surface structure of ghost particles is mainly composed of nonordered but entangled amylopectin (and some amylose) molecules, with limited reinforcement through partially ordered enzyme-resistant structures based on amylose (for maize starch; V-type order) or amylopectin (for potato starch; B-type order). 24382148 6 14 theme size 1321:1324 arg1 level 1282:1286 The high level 1273:1286 The high level of branching and large molecular size of amylopectin 1273:1339 The high level of branching and large molecular size of amylopectin is proposed to be the origin for the unusual stability of a solid structure based primarily on temporary entanglements. 24382148 6 14 theme size 1321:1324 arg1 origin 1363:1368 the origin 1359:1368 the origin for the unusual stability of a solid structure based primarily on temporary entanglements 1359:1458 The high level of branching and large molecular size of amylopectin is proposed to be the origin for the unusual stability of a solid structure based primarily on temporary entanglements. 24382148 3 15 theme isolated 465:472 arg1 ghosts 482:487 isolated granule ghosts 465:487 isolated granule ghosts 465:487 In this study, amylase digestion of isolated granule ghosts from maize and potato starches is used as a probe to study the mechanism of ghost formation, through microstructural, mesoscopic, and molecular scale analyses of structure before and after digestion. 24382148 4 16 theme integrity 819:827 arg1 control 782:788 control 782:788 control of either ghost digestion or integrity 782:827 Digestion profiles showed that neither integral nor surface proteins/lipids were crucial for control of either ghost digestion or integrity. 24382148 3 17 theme amylase 444:450 arg1 digestion 452:460 amylase digestion 444:460 amylase digestion of isolated granule ghosts from maize and potato starches 444:518 In this study, amylase digestion of isolated granule ghosts from maize and potato starches is used as a probe to study the mechanism of ghost formation, through microstructural, mesoscopic, and molecular scale analyses of structure before and after digestion. 24382148 3 17 theme amylase 444:450 arg1 probe 533:537 a probe 531:537 a probe to study the mechanism of ghost formation, through microstructural, mesoscopic, and molecular scale analyses of structure before and after digestion 531:686 In this study, amylase digestion of isolated granule ghosts from maize and potato starches is used as a probe to study the mechanism of ghost formation, through microstructural, mesoscopic, and molecular scale analyses of structure before and after digestion. 24382148 5 18 theme polymeric 956:964 arg1 structure 974:982 the condensed polymeric surface structure 942:982 the condensed polymeric surface structure of ghost particles 942:1001 On the basis of the molecular composition and conformation of enzyme-resistant fractions, it was concluded that the condensed polymeric surface structure of ghost particles is mainly composed of nonordered but entangled amylopectin (and some amylose) molecules, with limited reinforcement through partially ordered enzyme-resistant structures based on amylose (for maize starch; V-type order) or amylopectin (for potato starch; B-type order). 24382148 6 19 theme molecular 1311:1319 arg1 size 1321:1324 large molecular size 1305:1324 large molecular size of amylopectin 1305:1339 The high level of branching and large molecular size of amylopectin is proposed to be the origin for the unusual stability of a solid structure based primarily on temporary entanglements. 24382148 5 20 theme maize 1195:1199 arg1 order 1216:1220 maize starch; V-type order 1195:1220 maize starch; V-type order 1195:1220 On the basis of the molecular composition and conformation of enzyme-resistant fractions, it was concluded that the condensed polymeric surface structure of ghost particles is mainly composed of nonordered but entangled amylopectin (and some amylose) molecules, with limited reinforcement through partially ordered enzyme-resistant structures based on amylose (for maize starch; V-type order) or amylopectin (for potato starch; B-type order). 24382148 5 21 theme surface 966:972 arg1 structure 974:982 the condensed polymeric surface structure 942:982 the condensed polymeric surface structure of ghost particles 942:1001 On the basis of the molecular composition and conformation of enzyme-resistant fractions, it was concluded that the condensed polymeric surface structure of ghost particles is mainly composed of nonordered but entangled amylopectin (and some amylose) molecules, with limited reinforcement through partially ordered enzyme-resistant structures based on amylose (for maize starch; V-type order) or amylopectin (for potato starch; B-type order). 24382148 1 22 theme starch 158:163 arg1 granules 165:172 starch granules 158:172 starch granules 158:172 After heating in excess water under little or no shear, starch granules do not dissolve completely but persist as highly swollen fragile forms, commonly termed granule "ghosts". 24382148 4 23 dep neither 720:726 arg1 integral 728:735 integral 728:735 integral 728:735 Digestion profiles showed that neither integral nor surface proteins/lipids were crucial for control of either ghost digestion or integrity. 24382148 5 24 theme ghost 987:991 arg1 particles 993:1001 ghost particles 987:1001 ghost particles 987:1001 On the basis of the molecular composition and conformation of enzyme-resistant fractions, it was concluded that the condensed polymeric surface structure of ghost particles is mainly composed of nonordered but entangled amylopectin (and some amylose) molecules, with limited reinforcement through partially ordered enzyme-resistant structures based on amylose (for maize starch; V-type order) or amylopectin (for potato starch; B-type order). 24382148 2 25 theme macromolecular 284:297 arg1 architecture 299:310 The macromolecular architecture 280:310 The macromolecular architecture of these ghosts 280:326 The macromolecular architecture of these ghosts has not been defined, despite their importance in determining characteristic properties of starches. 24382148 3 26 used used 523:526 arg2 digestion 452:460 amylase digestion 444:460 amylase digestion of isolated granule ghosts from maize and potato starches 444:518 In this study, amylase digestion of isolated granule ghosts from maize and potato starches is used as a probe to study the mechanism of ghost formation, through microstructural, mesoscopic, and molecular scale analyses of structure before and after digestion. 24382148 3 26 used used 523:526 arg2 probe 533:537 a probe 531:537 a probe to study the mechanism of ghost formation, through microstructural, mesoscopic, and molecular scale analyses of structure before and after digestion 531:686 In this study, amylase digestion of isolated granule ghosts from maize and potato starches is used as a probe to study the mechanism of ghost formation, through microstructural, mesoscopic, and molecular scale analyses of structure before and after digestion. 24382148 1 27 theme termed 255:260 arg1 ghosts 271:276 commonly termed granule "ghosts 246:276 commonly termed granule "ghosts" 246:277 After heating in excess water under little or no shear, starch granules do not dissolve completely but persist as highly swollen fragile forms, commonly termed granule "ghosts". 24382148 5 28 theme amylopectin 1050:1060 arg1 molecules 1081:1089 nonordered but entangled amylopectin (and some amylose) molecules 1025:1089 nonordered but entangled amylopectin (and some amylose) molecules 1025:1089 On the basis of the molecular composition and conformation of enzyme-resistant fractions, it was concluded that the condensed polymeric surface structure of ghost particles is mainly composed of nonordered but entangled amylopectin (and some amylose) molecules, with limited reinforcement through partially ordered enzyme-resistant structures based on amylose (for maize starch; V-type order) or amylopectin (for potato starch; B-type order). 24382148 6 29 theme solid 1401:1405 arg1 structure 1407:1415 a solid structure 1399:1415 a solid structure based primarily on temporary entanglements 1399:1458 The high level of branching and large molecular size of amylopectin is proposed to be the origin for the unusual stability of a solid structure based primarily on temporary entanglements. 24382148 5 30 theme nonordered 1025:1034 arg1 amylopectin 1050:1060 nonordered but entangled amylopectin 1025:1060 nonordered but entangled amylopectin (and some amylose) molecules 1025:1089 On the basis of the molecular composition and conformation of enzyme-resistant fractions, it was concluded that the condensed polymeric surface structure of ghost particles is mainly composed of nonordered but entangled amylopectin (and some amylose) molecules, with limited reinforcement through partially ordered enzyme-resistant structures based on amylose (for maize starch; V-type order) or amylopectin (for potato starch; B-type order). 24382148 5 30 theme nonordered 1025:1034 arg1 amylose 1072:1078 some amylose 1067:1078 some amylose 1067:1078 On the basis of the molecular composition and conformation of enzyme-resistant fractions, it was concluded that the condensed polymeric surface structure of ghost particles is mainly composed of nonordered but entangled amylopectin (and some amylose) molecules, with limited reinforcement through partially ordered enzyme-resistant structures based on amylose (for maize starch; V-type order) or amylopectin (for potato starch; B-type order). 24382148 2 31 theme starches 419:426 arg1 properties 405:414 characteristic properties 390:414 characteristic properties of starches 390:426 The macromolecular architecture of these ghosts has not been defined, despite their importance in determining characteristic properties of starches. 24382148 1 32 theme granule 262:268 arg1 ghosts 271:276 commonly termed granule "ghosts 246:276 commonly termed granule "ghosts" 246:277 After heating in excess water under little or no shear, starch granules do not dissolve completely but persist as highly swollen fragile forms, commonly termed granule "ghosts". 24382148 6 33 theme large 1305:1309 arg1 size 1321:1324 large molecular size 1305:1324 large molecular size of amylopectin 1305:1339 The high level of branching and large molecular size of amylopectin is proposed to be the origin for the unusual stability of a solid structure based primarily on temporary entanglements. 24382148 3 34 dep maize 494:498 arg1 starches 511:518 starches 511:518 starches 511:518 In this study, amylase digestion of isolated granule ghosts from maize and potato starches is used as a probe to study the mechanism of ghost formation, through microstructural, mesoscopic, and molecular scale analyses of structure before and after digestion. 24382148 0 35 theme starch 14:19 arg1 formation 35:43 starch granule ghost formation 14:43 starch granule ghost formation 14:43 Mechanism for starch granule ghost formation deduced from structural and enzyme digestion properties. 24382148 3 36 theme mesoscopic 607:616 arg1 analyses 639:646 microstructural, mesoscopic, and molecular scale analyses 590:646 microstructural, mesoscopic, and molecular scale analyses of structure before and after digestion 590:686 In this study, amylase digestion of isolated granule ghosts from maize and potato starches is used as a probe to study the mechanism of ghost formation, through microstructural, mesoscopic, and molecular scale analyses of structure before and after digestion. 24382148 5 37 dep composition 860:870 arg1 basis 837:841 basis 837:841 basis 837:841 On the basis of the molecular composition and conformation of enzyme-resistant fractions, it was concluded that the condensed polymeric surface structure of ghost particles is mainly composed of nonordered but entangled amylopectin (and some amylose) molecules, with limited reinforcement through partially ordered enzyme-resistant structures based on amylose (for maize starch; V-type order) or amylopectin (for potato starch; B-type order). 24382148 5 37 dep composition 860:870 arg1 the 833:835 the 833:835 the 833:835 On the basis of the molecular composition and conformation of enzyme-resistant fractions, it was concluded that the condensed polymeric surface structure of ghost particles is mainly composed of nonordered but entangled amylopectin (and some amylose) molecules, with limited reinforcement through partially ordered enzyme-resistant structures based on amylose (for maize starch; V-type order) or amylopectin (for potato starch; B-type order). 24382148 5 37 dep composition 860:870 arg1 the 846:848 the 846:848 the 846:848 On the basis of the molecular composition and conformation of enzyme-resistant fractions, it was concluded that the condensed polymeric surface structure of ghost particles is mainly composed of nonordered but entangled amylopectin (and some amylose) molecules, with limited reinforcement through partially ordered enzyme-resistant structures based on amylose (for maize starch; V-type order) or amylopectin (for potato starch; B-type order). 24382148 2 38 theme characteristic 390:403 arg1 properties 405:414 characteristic properties 390:414 characteristic properties of starches 390:426 The macromolecular architecture of these ghosts has not been defined, despite their importance in determining characteristic properties of starches. 24382148 3 39 theme granule 474:480 arg1 ghosts 482:487 isolated granule ghosts 465:487 isolated granule ghosts 465:487 In this study, amylase digestion of isolated granule ghosts from maize and potato starches is used as a probe to study the mechanism of ghost formation, through microstructural, mesoscopic, and molecular scale analyses of structure before and after digestion. 24382148 6 40 theme branching 1291:1299 arg1 level 1282:1286 The high level 1273:1286 The high level of branching and large molecular size of amylopectin 1273:1339 The high level of branching and large molecular size of amylopectin is proposed to be the origin for the unusual stability of a solid structure based primarily on temporary entanglements. 24382148 6 40 theme branching 1291:1299 arg1 origin 1363:1368 the origin 1359:1368 the origin for the unusual stability of a solid structure based primarily on temporary entanglements 1359:1458 The high level of branching and large molecular size of amylopectin is proposed to be the origin for the unusual stability of a solid structure based primarily on temporary entanglements. 24382148 6 41 theme structure 1407:1415 arg1 stability 1386:1394 the unusual stability 1374:1394 the unusual stability of a solid structure based primarily on temporary entanglements 1374:1458 The high level of branching and large molecular size of amylopectin is proposed to be the origin for the unusual stability of a solid structure based primarily on temporary entanglements. 24382148 0 42 theme ghost 29:33 arg1 formation 35:43 starch granule ghost formation 14:43 starch granule ghost formation 14:43 Mechanism for starch granule ghost formation deduced from structural and enzyme digestion properties. 24382148 5 43 theme ordered 1137:1143 arg1 structures 1162:1171 partially ordered enzyme-resistant structures 1127:1171 partially ordered enzyme-resistant structures based on amylose (for maize starch; V-type order) or amylopectin (for potato starch; B-type order) 1127:1270 On the basis of the molecular composition and conformation of enzyme-resistant fractions, it was concluded that the condensed polymeric surface structure of ghost particles is mainly composed of nonordered but entangled amylopectin (and some amylose) molecules, with limited reinforcement through partially ordered enzyme-resistant structures based on amylose (for maize starch; V-type order) or amylopectin (for potato starch; B-type order). 24382148 3 44 theme microstructural 590:604 arg1 analyses 639:646 microstructural, mesoscopic, and molecular scale analyses 590:646 microstructural, mesoscopic, and molecular scale analyses of structure before and after digestion 590:686 In this study, amylase digestion of isolated granule ghosts from maize and potato starches is used as a probe to study the mechanism of ghost formation, through microstructural, mesoscopic, and molecular scale analyses of structure before and after digestion. 24382148 0 45 theme granule 21:27 arg1 formation 35:43 starch granule ghost formation 14:43 starch granule ghost formation 14:43 Mechanism for starch granule ghost formation deduced from structural and enzyme digestion properties. 24382148 5 46 theme enzyme-resistant 1145:1160 arg1 structures 1162:1171 partially ordered enzyme-resistant structures 1127:1171 partially ordered enzyme-resistant structures based on amylose (for maize starch; V-type order) or amylopectin (for potato starch; B-type order) 1127:1270 On the basis of the molecular composition and conformation of enzyme-resistant fractions, it was concluded that the condensed polymeric surface structure of ghost particles is mainly composed of nonordered but entangled amylopectin (and some amylose) molecules, with limited reinforcement through partially ordered enzyme-resistant structures based on amylose (for maize starch; V-type order) or amylopectin (for potato starch; B-type order). 24382148 4 47 theme digestion 806:814 arg1 control 782:788 control 782:788 control of either ghost digestion or integrity 782:827 Digestion profiles showed that neither integral nor surface proteins/lipids were crucial for control of either ghost digestion or integrity. 24382148 2 48 theme ghosts 321:326 arg1 architecture 299:310 The macromolecular architecture 280:310 The macromolecular architecture of these ghosts 280:326 The macromolecular architecture of these ghosts has not been defined, despite their importance in determining characteristic properties of starches. 24382148 6 49 theme high 1277:1280 arg1 level 1282:1286 The high level 1273:1286 The high level of branching and large molecular size of amylopectin 1273:1339 The high level of branching and large molecular size of amylopectin is proposed to be the origin for the unusual stability of a solid structure based primarily on temporary entanglements. 24382148 6 49 theme high 1277:1280 arg1 origin 1363:1368 the origin 1359:1368 the origin for the unusual stability of a solid structure based primarily on temporary entanglements 1359:1458 The high level of branching and large molecular size of amylopectin is proposed to be the origin for the unusual stability of a solid structure based primarily on temporary entanglements. 24382148 3 50 theme scale 633:637 arg1 analyses 639:646 microstructural, mesoscopic, and molecular scale analyses 590:646 microstructural, mesoscopic, and molecular scale analyses of structure before and after digestion 590:686 In this study, amylase digestion of isolated granule ghosts from maize and potato starches is used as a probe to study the mechanism of ghost formation, through microstructural, mesoscopic, and molecular scale analyses of structure before and after digestion. 24382148 4 51 theme ghost 800:804 arg1 digestion 806:814 ghost digestion 800:814 ghost digestion 800:814 Digestion profiles showed that neither integral nor surface proteins/lipids were crucial for control of either ghost digestion or integrity. 24382148 1 52 theme excess 119:124 arg1 water 126:130 excess water 119:130 excess water 119:130 After heating in excess water under little or no shear, starch granules do not dissolve completely but persist as highly swollen fragile forms, commonly termed granule "ghosts". 24382148 5 53 theme particles 993:1001 arg1 structure 974:982 the condensed polymeric surface structure 942:982 the condensed polymeric surface structure of ghost particles 942:1001 On the basis of the molecular composition and conformation of enzyme-resistant fractions, it was concluded that the condensed polymeric surface structure of ghost particles is mainly composed of nonordered but entangled amylopectin (and some amylose) molecules, with limited reinforcement through partially ordered enzyme-resistant structures based on amylose (for maize starch; V-type order) or amylopectin (for potato starch; B-type order). 24382148 5 54 theme enzyme-resistant 892:907 arg1 fractions 909:917 enzyme-resistant fractions 892:917 enzyme-resistant fractions 892:917 On the basis of the molecular composition and conformation of enzyme-resistant fractions, it was concluded that the condensed polymeric surface structure of ghost particles is mainly composed of nonordered but entangled amylopectin (and some amylose) molecules, with limited reinforcement through partially ordered enzyme-resistant structures based on amylose (for maize starch; V-type order) or amylopectin (for potato starch; B-type order). 24382148 4 55 theme Digestion 689:697 arg1 profiles 699:706 Digestion profiles 689:706 Digestion profiles 689:706 Digestion profiles showed that neither integral nor surface proteins/lipids were crucial for control of either ghost digestion or integrity. 24382148 5 56 theme B-type 1258:1263 arg1 order 1265:1269 potato starch; B-type order 1243:1269 potato starch; B-type order 1243:1269 On the basis of the molecular composition and conformation of enzyme-resistant fractions, it was concluded that the condensed polymeric surface structure of ghost particles is mainly composed of nonordered but entangled amylopectin (and some amylose) molecules, with limited reinforcement through partially ordered enzyme-resistant structures based on amylose (for maize starch; V-type order) or amylopectin (for potato starch; B-type order). 24382148 5 57 theme entangled 1040:1048 arg1 amylopectin 1050:1060 nonordered but entangled amylopectin 1025:1060 nonordered but entangled amylopectin (and some amylose) molecules 1025:1089 On the basis of the molecular composition and conformation of enzyme-resistant fractions, it was concluded that the condensed polymeric surface structure of ghost particles is mainly composed of nonordered but entangled amylopectin (and some amylose) molecules, with limited reinforcement through partially ordered enzyme-resistant structures based on amylose (for maize starch; V-type order) or amylopectin (for potato starch; B-type order). 24382148 5 57 theme entangled 1040:1048 arg1 amylose 1072:1078 some amylose 1067:1078 some amylose 1067:1078 On the basis of the molecular composition and conformation of enzyme-resistant fractions, it was concluded that the condensed polymeric surface structure of ghost particles is mainly composed of nonordered but entangled amylopectin (and some amylose) molecules, with limited reinforcement through partially ordered enzyme-resistant structures based on amylose (for maize starch; V-type order) or amylopectin (for potato starch; B-type order). 24382148 6 58 theme temporary 1436:1444 arg1 entanglements 1446:1458 temporary entanglements 1436:1458 temporary entanglements 1436:1458 The high level of branching and large molecular size of amylopectin is proposed to be the origin for the unusual stability of a solid structure based primarily on temporary entanglements. 24382148 5 59 theme fractions 909:917 arg1 conformation 876:887 conformation 876:887 conformation 876:887 On the basis of the molecular composition and conformation of enzyme-resistant fractions, it was concluded that the condensed polymeric surface structure of ghost particles is mainly composed of nonordered but entangled amylopectin (and some amylose) molecules, with limited reinforcement through partially ordered enzyme-resistant structures based on amylose (for maize starch; V-type order) or amylopectin (for potato starch; B-type order). 24382148 5 59 theme fractions 909:917 arg1 composition 860:870 molecular composition 850:870 molecular composition 850:870 On the basis of the molecular composition and conformation of enzyme-resistant fractions, it was concluded that the condensed polymeric surface structure of ghost particles is mainly composed of nonordered but entangled amylopectin (and some amylose) molecules, with limited reinforcement through partially ordered enzyme-resistant structures based on amylose (for maize starch; V-type order) or amylopectin (for potato starch; B-type order). 24382148 3 60 theme molecular 623:631 arg1 analyses 639:646 microstructural, mesoscopic, and molecular scale analyses 590:646 microstructural, mesoscopic, and molecular scale analyses of structure before and after digestion 590:686 In this study, amylase digestion of isolated granule ghosts from maize and potato starches is used as a probe to study the mechanism of ghost formation, through microstructural, mesoscopic, and molecular scale analyses of structure before and after digestion. 24382148 3 61 theme ghost 565:569 arg1 formation 571:579 ghost formation 565:579 ghost formation 565:579 In this study, amylase digestion of isolated granule ghosts from maize and potato starches is used as a probe to study the mechanism of ghost formation, through microstructural, mesoscopic, and molecular scale analyses of structure before and after digestion. 24382148 4 62 dep proteins/lipids 749:763 arg1 neither 720:726 neither 720:726 neither 720:726 Digestion profiles showed that neither integral nor surface proteins/lipids were crucial for control of either ghost digestion or integrity. 24382148 4 62 dep proteins/lipids 749:763 arg1 surface 741:747 surface 741:747 surface 741:747 Digestion profiles showed that neither integral nor surface proteins/lipids were crucial for control of either ghost digestion or integrity. 24382148 5 63 with molecules 1081:1089 arg1 reinforcement 1105:1117 limited reinforcement 1097:1117 limited reinforcement through partially ordered enzyme-resistant structures based on amylose (for maize starch; V-type order) or amylopectin (for potato starch; B-type order) 1097:1270 On the basis of the molecular composition and conformation of enzyme-resistant fractions, it was concluded that the condensed polymeric surface structure of ghost particles is mainly composed of nonordered but entangled amylopectin (and some amylose) molecules, with limited reinforcement through partially ordered enzyme-resistant structures based on amylose (for maize starch; V-type order) or amylopectin (for potato starch; B-type order). 24382148 0 64 theme structural 58:67 arg1 properties 90:99 structural and enzyme digestion properties 58:99 structural and enzyme digestion properties 58:99 Mechanism for starch granule ghost formation deduced from structural and enzyme digestion properties. 24382148 5 65 theme limited 1097:1103 arg1 reinforcement 1105:1117 limited reinforcement 1097:1117 limited reinforcement through partially ordered enzyme-resistant structures based on amylose (for maize starch; V-type order) or amylopectin (for potato starch; B-type order) 1097:1270 On the basis of the molecular composition and conformation of enzyme-resistant fractions, it was concluded that the condensed polymeric surface structure of ghost particles is mainly composed of nonordered but entangled amylopectin (and some amylose) molecules, with limited reinforcement through partially ordered enzyme-resistant structures based on amylose (for maize starch; V-type order) or amylopectin (for potato starch; B-type order). 24382148 3 66 theme formation 571:579 arg1 mechanism 552:560 the mechanism 548:560 the mechanism of ghost formation 548:579 In this study, amylase digestion of isolated granule ghosts from maize and potato starches is used as a probe to study the mechanism of ghost formation, through microstructural, mesoscopic, and molecular scale analyses of structure before and after digestion. 24382148 3 67 from potato 504:509 arg1 digestion 452:460 amylase digestion 444:460 amylase digestion of isolated granule ghosts from maize and potato starches 444:518 In this study, amylase digestion of isolated granule ghosts from maize and potato starches is used as a probe to study the mechanism of ghost formation, through microstructural, mesoscopic, and molecular scale analyses of structure before and after digestion. 24382148 3 67 from potato 504:509 arg1 probe 533:537 a probe 531:537 a probe to study the mechanism of ghost formation, through microstructural, mesoscopic, and molecular scale analyses of structure before and after digestion 531:686 In this study, amylase digestion of isolated granule ghosts from maize and potato starches is used as a probe to study the mechanism of ghost formation, through microstructural, mesoscopic, and molecular scale analyses of structure before and after digestion. 24382148 1 68 theme swollen 223:229 arg1 forms 239:243 highly swollen fragile forms 216:243 highly swollen fragile forms 216:243 After heating in excess water under little or no shear, starch granules do not dissolve completely but persist as highly swollen fragile forms, commonly termed granule "ghosts". 26037516 2 0 theme salmeterol 497:506 arg1 xinafoate 508:516 50 μg/dose salmeterol xinafoate 486:516 50 μg/dose salmeterol xinafoate 486:516 Powders were extracted from seven commercial lactose-carrier-based dry-powder inhalers: Flixotide 50, 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (four concentrations of fluticasone propionate) and Seretide 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (three concentrations of fluticasone propionate, each with 50 μg/dose salmeterol xinafoate ). 26037516 0 1 from Spectroscopy 25:36 arg1 Dosage 76:81 Microparticle-Based Pharmaceutical Dosage 41:81 Microparticle-Based Pharmaceutical Dosage 41:81 Quantitative Macro-Raman Spectroscopy on Microparticle-Based Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms. 26037516 4 2 theme powder 876:881 arg1 samples 883:889 the multicomponent powder samples 857:889 the multicomponent powder samples 857:889 The applicability of a custom-designed dispersive macro-Raman instrument with a large sample volume of 0.16 μL was tested to determine the composition of the multicomponent powder samples. 26037516 1 3 theme pharmaceutical 183:196 arg1 powders 203:209 pharmaceutical drug powders 183:209 pharmaceutical drug powders 183:209 Quantitative macro-Raman spectroscopy was applied to the analysis of the bulk composition of pharmaceutical drug powders. 26037516 4 4 theme large 783:787 arg1 volume 796:801 a large sample volume 781:801 a large sample volume of 0.16 μL 781:812 The applicability of a custom-designed dispersive macro-Raman instrument with a large sample volume of 0.16 μL was tested to determine the composition of the multicomponent powder samples. 26037516 6 5 theme carrier-free 1198:1209 arg1 samples 1229:1235 Typical carrier-free respirable powder samples 1190:1235 Typical carrier-free respirable powder samples 1190:1235 Typical carrier-free respirable powder samples required a minimum sample volume on the order of 10(-4) μL to achieve representative sampling with less than 3% relative error. 26037516 2 6 theme μg/dose 489:495 arg1 xinafoate 508:516 50 μg/dose salmeterol xinafoate 486:516 50 μg/dose salmeterol xinafoate 486:516 Powders were extracted from seven commercial lactose-carrier-based dry-powder inhalers: Flixotide 50, 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (four concentrations of fluticasone propionate) and Seretide 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (three concentrations of fluticasone propionate, each with 50 μg/dose salmeterol xinafoate ). 26037516 4 7 theme multicomponent 861:874 arg1 samples 883:889 the multicomponent powder samples 857:889 the multicomponent powder samples 857:889 The applicability of a custom-designed dispersive macro-Raman instrument with a large sample volume of 0.16 μL was tested to determine the composition of the multicomponent powder samples. 26037516 1 8 theme drug 198:201 arg1 powders 203:209 pharmaceutical drug powders 183:209 pharmaceutical drug powders 183:209 Quantitative macro-Raman spectroscopy was applied to the analysis of the bulk composition of pharmaceutical drug powders. 26037516 4 9 theme sample 789:794 arg1 volume 796:801 a large sample volume 781:801 a large sample volume of 0.16 μL 781:812 The applicability of a custom-designed dispersive macro-Raman instrument with a large sample volume of 0.16 μL was tested to determine the composition of the multicomponent powder samples. 26037516 5 10 theme samples 1083:1089 arg1 sampling 1045:1052 representative sampling 1030:1052 representative sampling of potentially heterogeneous samples 1030:1089 To quantify the error caused by sample heterogeneity, a Monte Carlo model was developed to predict the minimum sample volume required for representative sampling of potentially heterogeneous samples at the microscopic level, characterized by different particle-size distributions and compositions. 26037516 6 11 theme sample 1256:1261 arg1 volume 1263:1268 a minimum sample volume 1246:1268 a minimum sample volume 1246:1268 Typical carrier-free respirable powder samples required a minimum sample volume on the order of 10(-4) μL to achieve representative sampling with less than 3% relative error. 26037516 8 12 with agreement 1578:1586 arg1 error 1597:1601 the error 1593:1601 the error predicted by the simulation 1593:1629 Error analysis of the experimental results showed good agreement with the error predicted by the simulation. 26037516 3 13 theme product 599:605 arg1 inhaler 567:573 a carrier-free pressurized metered-dose inhaler 527:573 a carrier-free pressurized metered-dose inhaler of the same combination product, Seretide 50 (50 μg fluticasone propionate and 25 μg salmeterol xinafoate per dose) 527:689 Also, a carrier-free pressurized metered-dose inhaler of the same combination product, Seretide 50 (50 μg fluticasone propionate and 25 μg salmeterol xinafoate per dose) was tested. 26037516 3 14 theme metered-dose 554:565 arg1 inhaler 567:573 a carrier-free pressurized metered-dose inhaler 527:573 a carrier-free pressurized metered-dose inhaler of the same combination product, Seretide 50 (50 μg fluticasone propionate and 25 μg salmeterol xinafoate per dose) 527:689 Also, a carrier-free pressurized metered-dose inhaler of the same combination product, Seretide 50 (50 μg fluticasone propionate and 25 μg salmeterol xinafoate per dose) was tested. 26037516 5 15 theme Carlo 954:958 arg1 model 960:964 a Monte Carlo model 946:964 a Monte Carlo model 946:964 To quantify the error caused by sample heterogeneity, a Monte Carlo model was developed to predict the minimum sample volume required for representative sampling of potentially heterogeneous samples at the microscopic level, characterized by different particle-size distributions and compositions. 26037516 4 16 theme dispersive 742:751 arg1 instrument 765:774 a custom-designed dispersive macro-Raman instrument 724:774 a custom-designed dispersive macro-Raman instrument with a large sample volume of 0.16 μL 724:812 The applicability of a custom-designed dispersive macro-Raman instrument with a large sample volume of 0.16 μL was tested to determine the composition of the multicomponent powder samples. 26037516 4 17 theme samples 883:889 arg1 composition 842:852 the composition 838:852 the composition of the multicomponent powder samples 838:889 The applicability of a custom-designed dispersive macro-Raman instrument with a large sample volume of 0.16 μL was tested to determine the composition of the multicomponent powder samples. 26037516 6 18 theme μL 1293:1294 arg1 order 1277:1281 the order 1273:1281 the order of 10(-4) μL to achieve representative sampling with less than 3% relative error 1273:1362 Typical carrier-free respirable powder samples required a minimum sample volume on the order of 10(-4) μL to achieve representative sampling with less than 3% relative error. 26037516 1 19 theme Quantitative 90:101 arg1 spectroscopy 115:126 Quantitative macro-Raman spectroscopy 90:126 Quantitative macro-Raman spectroscopy 90:126 Quantitative macro-Raman spectroscopy was applied to the analysis of the bulk composition of pharmaceutical drug powders. 26037516 7 20 contain containing 1391:1400 arg1 forms 1385:1389 dosage forms 1378:1389 dosage forms containing non-respirable carriers (e.g., lactose) 1378:1440 In contrast, dosage forms containing non-respirable carriers (e.g., lactose) required a sample volume on the order of 0.1 μL for representative measurements. 26037516 7 20 contain containing 1391:1400 arg2 carriers 1417:1424 non-respirable carriers 1402:1424 non-respirable carriers (e.g., lactose) 1402:1440 In contrast, dosage forms containing non-respirable carriers (e.g., lactose) required a sample volume on the order of 0.1 μL for representative measurements. 26037516 7 21 dep lactose 1433:1439 arg1 e.g. 1427:1430 e.g. 1427:1430 e.g. 1427:1430 In contrast, dosage forms containing non-respirable carriers (e.g., lactose) required a sample volume on the order of 0.1 μL for representative measurements. 26037516 1 22 theme macro-Raman 103:113 arg1 spectroscopy 115:126 Quantitative macro-Raman spectroscopy 90:126 Quantitative macro-Raman spectroscopy 90:126 Quantitative macro-Raman spectroscopy was applied to the analysis of the bulk composition of pharmaceutical drug powders. 26037516 1 23 theme powders 203:209 arg1 composition 168:178 the bulk composition 159:178 the bulk composition of pharmaceutical drug powders 159:209 Quantitative macro-Raman spectroscopy was applied to the analysis of the bulk composition of pharmaceutical drug powders. 26037516 7 24 theme sample 1453:1458 arg1 volume 1460:1465 a sample volume 1451:1465 a sample volume 1451:1465 In contrast, dosage forms containing non-respirable carriers (e.g., lactose) required a sample volume on the order of 0.1 μL for representative measurements. 26037516 0 25 theme Pharmaceutical 61:74 arg1 Dosage 76:81 Microparticle-Based Pharmaceutical Dosage 41:81 Microparticle-Based Pharmaceutical Dosage 41:81 Quantitative Macro-Raman Spectroscopy on Microparticle-Based Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms. 26037516 0 26 theme Quantitative 0:11 arg1 Spectroscopy 25:36 Quantitative Macro-Raman Spectroscopy 0:36 Quantitative Macro-Raman Spectroscopy on Microparticle-Based Pharmaceutical Dosage 0:81 Quantitative Macro-Raman Spectroscopy on Microparticle-Based Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms. 26037516 2 27 dep Flixotide 300:308 arg1 μg/dose 419:425 μg/dose 419:425 μg/dose 419:425 Powders were extracted from seven commercial lactose-carrier-based dry-powder inhalers: Flixotide 50, 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (four concentrations of fluticasone propionate) and Seretide 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (three concentrations of fluticasone propionate, each with 50 μg/dose salmeterol xinafoate ). 26037516 2 27 dep Flixotide 300:308 arg1 concentrations 346:359 four concentrations 341:359 four concentrations of fluticasone propionate 341:385 Powders were extracted from seven commercial lactose-carrier-based dry-powder inhalers: Flixotide 50, 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (four concentrations of fluticasone propionate) and Seretide 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (three concentrations of fluticasone propionate, each with 50 μg/dose salmeterol xinafoate ). 26037516 0 28 theme Macro-Raman 13:23 arg1 Spectroscopy 25:36 Quantitative Macro-Raman Spectroscopy 0:36 Quantitative Macro-Raman Spectroscopy on Microparticle-Based Pharmaceutical Dosage 0:81 Quantitative Macro-Raman Spectroscopy on Microparticle-Based Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms. 26037516 6 29 theme representative 1307:1320 arg1 sampling 1322:1329 representative sampling 1307:1329 representative sampling with less than 3% relative error 1307:1362 Typical carrier-free respirable powder samples required a minimum sample volume on the order of 10(-4) μL to achieve representative sampling with less than 3% relative error. 26037516 8 30 theme results 1558:1564 arg1 analysis 1529:1536 Error analysis 1523:1536 Error analysis of the experimental results 1523:1564 Error analysis of the experimental results showed good agreement with the error predicted by the simulation. 26037516 3 31 theme same 582:585 arg1 Seretide 608:615 Seretide 50 608:618 Seretide 50 (50 μg fluticasone propionate and 25 μg salmeterol xinafoate per dose) 608:689 Also, a carrier-free pressurized metered-dose inhaler of the same combination product, Seretide 50 (50 μg fluticasone propionate and 25 μg salmeterol xinafoate per dose) was tested. 26037516 3 31 theme same 582:585 arg1 product 599:605 the same combination product 578:605 the same combination product 578:605 Also, a carrier-free pressurized metered-dose inhaler of the same combination product, Seretide 50 (50 μg fluticasone propionate and 25 μg salmeterol xinafoate per dose) was tested. 26037516 8 32 theme Error 1523:1527 arg1 analysis 1529:1536 Error analysis 1523:1536 Error analysis of the experimental results 1523:1564 Error analysis of the experimental results showed good agreement with the error predicted by the simulation. 26037516 3 33 dep Seretide 608:615 arg1 xinafoate 671:679 25 μg salmeterol xinafoate 654:679 25 μg salmeterol xinafoate 654:679 Also, a carrier-free pressurized metered-dose inhaler of the same combination product, Seretide 50 (50 μg fluticasone propionate and 25 μg salmeterol xinafoate per dose) was tested. 26037516 3 33 dep Seretide 608:615 arg1 propionate 639:648 50 μg fluticasone propionate 621:648 50 μg fluticasone propionate 621:648 Also, a carrier-free pressurized metered-dose inhaler of the same combination product, Seretide 50 (50 μg fluticasone propionate and 25 μg salmeterol xinafoate per dose) was tested. 26037516 2 34 theme fluticasone 452:462 arg1 each 476:479 each 476:479 each 476:479 Powders were extracted from seven commercial lactose-carrier-based dry-powder inhalers: Flixotide 50, 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (four concentrations of fluticasone propionate) and Seretide 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (three concentrations of fluticasone propionate, each with 50 μg/dose salmeterol xinafoate ). 26037516 2 34 theme fluticasone 452:462 arg1 propionate 464:473 fluticasone propionate 452:473 fluticasone propionate 452:473 Powders were extracted from seven commercial lactose-carrier-based dry-powder inhalers: Flixotide 50, 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (four concentrations of fluticasone propionate) and Seretide 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (three concentrations of fluticasone propionate, each with 50 μg/dose salmeterol xinafoate ). 26037516 6 35 theme minimum 1248:1254 arg1 volume 1263:1268 a minimum sample volume 1246:1268 a minimum sample volume 1246:1268 Typical carrier-free respirable powder samples required a minimum sample volume on the order of 10(-4) μL to achieve representative sampling with less than 3% relative error. 26037516 6 36 theme 10 1286:1287 arg1 μL 1293:1294 10(-4) μL 1286:1294 10(-4) μL 1286:1294 Typical carrier-free respirable powder samples required a minimum sample volume on the order of 10(-4) μL to achieve representative sampling with less than 3% relative error. 26037516 7 37 theme μL 1487:1488 arg1 order 1474:1478 the order 1470:1478 the order of 0.1 μL 1470:1488 In contrast, dosage forms containing non-respirable carriers (e.g., lactose) required a sample volume on the order of 0.1 μL for representative measurements. 26037516 3 38 theme combination 587:597 arg1 Seretide 608:615 Seretide 50 608:618 Seretide 50 (50 μg fluticasone propionate and 25 μg salmeterol xinafoate per dose) 608:689 Also, a carrier-free pressurized metered-dose inhaler of the same combination product, Seretide 50 (50 μg fluticasone propionate and 25 μg salmeterol xinafoate per dose) was tested. 26037516 3 38 theme combination 587:597 arg1 product 599:605 the same combination product 578:605 the same combination product 578:605 Also, a carrier-free pressurized metered-dose inhaler of the same combination product, Seretide 50 (50 μg fluticasone propionate and 25 μg salmeterol xinafoate per dose) was tested. 26037516 6 39 theme relative 1349:1356 arg1 error 1358:1362 less than 3% relative error 1336:1362 less than 3% relative error 1336:1362 Typical carrier-free respirable powder samples required a minimum sample volume on the order of 10(-4) μL to achieve representative sampling with less than 3% relative error. 26037516 7 40 theme dosage 1378:1383 arg1 forms 1385:1389 dosage forms 1378:1389 dosage forms containing non-respirable carriers (e.g., lactose) 1378:1440 In contrast, dosage forms containing non-respirable carriers (e.g., lactose) required a sample volume on the order of 0.1 μL for representative measurements. 26037516 5 41 theme minimum 995:1001 arg1 volume 1010:1015 the minimum sample volume 991:1015 the minimum sample volume required for representative sampling of potentially heterogeneous samples 991:1089 To quantify the error caused by sample heterogeneity, a Monte Carlo model was developed to predict the minimum sample volume required for representative sampling of potentially heterogeneous samples at the microscopic level, characterized by different particle-size distributions and compositions. 26037516 5 42 theme representative 1030:1043 arg1 sampling 1045:1052 representative sampling 1030:1052 representative sampling of potentially heterogeneous samples 1030:1089 To quantify the error caused by sample heterogeneity, a Monte Carlo model was developed to predict the minimum sample volume required for representative sampling of potentially heterogeneous samples at the microscopic level, characterized by different particle-size distributions and compositions. 26037516 4 43 theme instrument 765:774 arg1 applicability 707:719 The applicability 703:719 The applicability of a custom-designed dispersive macro-Raman instrument with a large sample volume of 0.16 μL 703:812 The applicability of a custom-designed dispersive macro-Raman instrument with a large sample volume of 0.16 μL was tested to determine the composition of the multicomponent powder samples. 26037516 6 44 with sampling 1322:1329 arg1 error 1358:1362 less than 3% relative error 1336:1362 less than 3% relative error 1336:1362 Typical carrier-free respirable powder samples required a minimum sample volume on the order of 10(-4) μL to achieve representative sampling with less than 3% relative error. 26037516 4 45 theme custom-designed 726:740 arg1 instrument 765:774 a custom-designed dispersive macro-Raman instrument 724:774 a custom-designed dispersive macro-Raman instrument with a large sample volume of 0.16 μL 724:812 The applicability of a custom-designed dispersive macro-Raman instrument with a large sample volume of 0.16 μL was tested to determine the composition of the multicomponent powder samples. 26037516 5 46 theme particle-size 1144:1156 arg1 distributions 1158:1170 different particle-size distributions 1134:1170 different particle-size distributions 1134:1170 To quantify the error caused by sample heterogeneity, a Monte Carlo model was developed to predict the minimum sample volume required for representative sampling of potentially heterogeneous samples at the microscopic level, characterized by different particle-size distributions and compositions. 26037516 3 47 theme carrier-free 529:540 arg1 inhaler 567:573 a carrier-free pressurized metered-dose inhaler 527:573 a carrier-free pressurized metered-dose inhaler of the same combination product, Seretide 50 (50 μg fluticasone propionate and 25 μg salmeterol xinafoate per dose) 527:689 Also, a carrier-free pressurized metered-dose inhaler of the same combination product, Seretide 50 (50 μg fluticasone propionate and 25 μg salmeterol xinafoate per dose) was tested. 26037516 3 48 theme 25 654:655 arg1 μg 657:658 μg 657:658 μg 657:658 Also, a carrier-free pressurized metered-dose inhaler of the same combination product, Seretide 50 (50 μg fluticasone propionate and 25 μg salmeterol xinafoate per dose) was tested. 26037516 4 49 theme macro-Raman 753:763 arg1 instrument 765:774 a custom-designed dispersive macro-Raman instrument 724:774 a custom-designed dispersive macro-Raman instrument with a large sample volume of 0.16 μL 724:812 The applicability of a custom-designed dispersive macro-Raman instrument with a large sample volume of 0.16 μL was tested to determine the composition of the multicomponent powder samples. 26037516 8 50 theme good 1573:1576 arg1 agreement 1578:1586 good agreement 1573:1586 good agreement with the error predicted by the simulation 1573:1629 Error analysis of the experimental results showed good agreement with the error predicted by the simulation. 26037516 6 51 theme Typical 1190:1196 arg1 samples 1229:1235 Typical carrier-free respirable powder samples 1190:1235 Typical carrier-free respirable powder samples 1190:1235 Typical carrier-free respirable powder samples required a minimum sample volume on the order of 10(-4) μL to achieve representative sampling with less than 3% relative error. 26037516 2 52 theme 50 486:487 arg1 μg/dose 489:495 μg/dose 489:495 μg/dose 489:495 Powders were extracted from seven commercial lactose-carrier-based dry-powder inhalers: Flixotide 50, 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (four concentrations of fluticasone propionate) and Seretide 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (three concentrations of fluticasone propionate, each with 50 μg/dose salmeterol xinafoate ). 26037516 5 53 theme sample 1003:1008 arg1 volume 1010:1015 the minimum sample volume 991:1015 the minimum sample volume required for representative sampling of potentially heterogeneous samples 991:1089 To quantify the error caused by sample heterogeneity, a Monte Carlo model was developed to predict the minimum sample volume required for representative sampling of potentially heterogeneous samples at the microscopic level, characterized by different particle-size distributions and compositions. 26037516 3 54 theme μg 657:658 arg1 xinafoate 671:679 25 μg salmeterol xinafoate 654:679 25 μg salmeterol xinafoate 654:679 Also, a carrier-free pressurized metered-dose inhaler of the same combination product, Seretide 50 (50 μg fluticasone propionate and 25 μg salmeterol xinafoate per dose) was tested. 26037516 2 55 dep μg/dose 419:425 arg1 250 406:408 250 406:408 250 406:408 Powders were extracted from seven commercial lactose-carrier-based dry-powder inhalers: Flixotide 50, 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (four concentrations of fluticasone propionate) and Seretide 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (three concentrations of fluticasone propionate, each with 50 μg/dose salmeterol xinafoate ). 26037516 2 55 dep μg/dose 419:425 arg1 500 415:417 500 415:417 500 415:417 Powders were extracted from seven commercial lactose-carrier-based dry-powder inhalers: Flixotide 50, 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (four concentrations of fluticasone propionate) and Seretide 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (three concentrations of fluticasone propionate, each with 50 μg/dose salmeterol xinafoate ). 26037516 8 56 theme experimental 1545:1556 arg1 results 1558:1564 the experimental results 1541:1564 the experimental results 1541:1564 Error analysis of the experimental results showed good agreement with the error predicted by the simulation. 26037516 0 57 theme Microparticle-Based 41:59 arg1 Dosage 76:81 Microparticle-Based Pharmaceutical Dosage 41:81 Microparticle-Based Pharmaceutical Dosage 41:81 Quantitative Macro-Raman Spectroscopy on Microparticle-Based Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms. 26037516 4 58 with instrument 765:774 arg1 volume 796:801 a large sample volume 781:801 a large sample volume of 0.16 μL 781:812 The applicability of a custom-designed dispersive macro-Raman instrument with a large sample volume of 0.16 μL was tested to determine the composition of the multicomponent powder samples. 26037516 6 59 dep % 1347:1347 arg1 3 1346:1346 3 1346:1346 3 1346:1346 Typical carrier-free respirable powder samples required a minimum sample volume on the order of 10(-4) μL to achieve representative sampling with less than 3% relative error. 26037516 7 60 theme non-respirable 1402:1415 arg1 carriers 1417:1424 non-respirable carriers 1402:1424 non-respirable carriers (e.g., lactose) 1402:1440 In contrast, dosage forms containing non-respirable carriers (e.g., lactose) required a sample volume on the order of 0.1 μL for representative measurements. 26037516 2 61 dep inhalers 290:297 arg1 inhalers 290:297 seven commercial lactose-carrier-based dry-powder inhalers 240:297 seven commercial lactose-carrier-based dry-powder inhalers: Flixotide 50, 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (four concentrations of fluticasone propionate) and Seretide 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (three concentrations of fluticasone propionate, each with 50 μg/dose salmeterol xinafoate ) 240:518 Powders were extracted from seven commercial lactose-carrier-based dry-powder inhalers: Flixotide 50, 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (four concentrations of fluticasone propionate) and Seretide 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (three concentrations of fluticasone propionate, each with 50 μg/dose salmeterol xinafoate ). 26037516 2 61 dep inhalers 290:297 arg1 μg/dose 332:338 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose 314:338 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose 314:338 Powders were extracted from seven commercial lactose-carrier-based dry-powder inhalers: Flixotide 50, 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (four concentrations of fluticasone propionate) and Seretide 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (three concentrations of fluticasone propionate, each with 50 μg/dose salmeterol xinafoate ). 26037516 2 61 dep inhalers 290:297 arg1 concentrations 434:447 three concentrations 428:447 seven commercial lactose-carrier-based dry-powder inhalers: Flixotide 50, 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (four concentrations of fluticasone propionate) and Seretide 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (three concentrations of fluticasone propionate, each with 50 μg/dose salmeterol xinafoate ) 240:518 Powders were extracted from seven commercial lactose-carrier-based dry-powder inhalers: Flixotide 50, 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (four concentrations of fluticasone propionate) and Seretide 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (three concentrations of fluticasone propionate, each with 50 μg/dose salmeterol xinafoate ). 26037516 2 61 dep inhalers 290:297 arg1 Seretide 392:399 Seretide 392:399 Seretide 392:399 Powders were extracted from seven commercial lactose-carrier-based dry-powder inhalers: Flixotide 50, 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (four concentrations of fluticasone propionate) and Seretide 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (three concentrations of fluticasone propionate, each with 50 μg/dose salmeterol xinafoate ). 26037516 2 61 dep inhalers 290:297 arg1 Flixotide 300:308 Flixotide 300:308 Flixotide 300:308 Powders were extracted from seven commercial lactose-carrier-based dry-powder inhalers: Flixotide 50, 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (four concentrations of fluticasone propionate) and Seretide 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (three concentrations of fluticasone propionate, each with 50 μg/dose salmeterol xinafoate ). 26037516 6 62 dep error 1358:1362 arg1 % 1347:1347 % 1347:1347 % 1347:1347 Typical carrier-free respirable powder samples required a minimum sample volume on the order of 10(-4) μL to achieve representative sampling with less than 3% relative error. 26037516 5 63 theme microscopic 1098:1108 arg1 level 1110:1114 the microscopic level 1094:1114 the microscopic level 1094:1114 To quantify the error caused by sample heterogeneity, a Monte Carlo model was developed to predict the minimum sample volume required for representative sampling of potentially heterogeneous samples at the microscopic level, characterized by different particle-size distributions and compositions. 26037516 2 64 theme dry-powder 279:288 arg1 inhalers 290:297 seven commercial lactose-carrier-based dry-powder inhalers 240:297 seven commercial lactose-carrier-based dry-powder inhalers: Flixotide 50, 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (four concentrations of fluticasone propionate) and Seretide 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (three concentrations of fluticasone propionate, each with 50 μg/dose salmeterol xinafoate ) 240:518 Powders were extracted from seven commercial lactose-carrier-based dry-powder inhalers: Flixotide 50, 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (four concentrations of fluticasone propionate) and Seretide 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (three concentrations of fluticasone propionate, each with 50 μg/dose salmeterol xinafoate ). 26037516 2 64 theme dry-powder 279:288 arg1 Seretide 392:399 Seretide 392:399 Seretide 392:399 Powders were extracted from seven commercial lactose-carrier-based dry-powder inhalers: Flixotide 50, 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (four concentrations of fluticasone propionate) and Seretide 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (three concentrations of fluticasone propionate, each with 50 μg/dose salmeterol xinafoate ). 26037516 2 64 theme dry-powder 279:288 arg1 Flixotide 300:308 Flixotide 300:308 Flixotide 300:308 Powders were extracted from seven commercial lactose-carrier-based dry-powder inhalers: Flixotide 50, 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (four concentrations of fluticasone propionate) and Seretide 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (three concentrations of fluticasone propionate, each with 50 μg/dose salmeterol xinafoate ). 26037516 2 65 theme propionate 376:385 arg1 concentrations 346:359 four concentrations 341:359 four concentrations of fluticasone propionate 341:385 Powders were extracted from seven commercial lactose-carrier-based dry-powder inhalers: Flixotide 50, 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (four concentrations of fluticasone propionate) and Seretide 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (three concentrations of fluticasone propionate, each with 50 μg/dose salmeterol xinafoate ). 26037516 2 66 theme commercial 246:255 arg1 inhalers 290:297 seven commercial lactose-carrier-based dry-powder inhalers 240:297 seven commercial lactose-carrier-based dry-powder inhalers: Flixotide 50, 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (four concentrations of fluticasone propionate) and Seretide 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (three concentrations of fluticasone propionate, each with 50 μg/dose salmeterol xinafoate ) 240:518 Powders were extracted from seven commercial lactose-carrier-based dry-powder inhalers: Flixotide 50, 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (four concentrations of fluticasone propionate) and Seretide 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (three concentrations of fluticasone propionate, each with 50 μg/dose salmeterol xinafoate ). 26037516 2 66 theme commercial 246:255 arg1 Seretide 392:399 Seretide 392:399 Seretide 392:399 Powders were extracted from seven commercial lactose-carrier-based dry-powder inhalers: Flixotide 50, 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (four concentrations of fluticasone propionate) and Seretide 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (three concentrations of fluticasone propionate, each with 50 μg/dose salmeterol xinafoate ). 26037516 2 66 theme commercial 246:255 arg1 Flixotide 300:308 Flixotide 300:308 Flixotide 300:308 Powders were extracted from seven commercial lactose-carrier-based dry-powder inhalers: Flixotide 50, 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (four concentrations of fluticasone propionate) and Seretide 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (three concentrations of fluticasone propionate, each with 50 μg/dose salmeterol xinafoate ). 26037516 2 67 theme lactose-carrier-based 257:277 arg1 inhalers 290:297 seven commercial lactose-carrier-based dry-powder inhalers 240:297 seven commercial lactose-carrier-based dry-powder inhalers: Flixotide 50, 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (four concentrations of fluticasone propionate) and Seretide 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (three concentrations of fluticasone propionate, each with 50 μg/dose salmeterol xinafoate ) 240:518 Powders were extracted from seven commercial lactose-carrier-based dry-powder inhalers: Flixotide 50, 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (four concentrations of fluticasone propionate) and Seretide 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (three concentrations of fluticasone propionate, each with 50 μg/dose salmeterol xinafoate ). 26037516 2 67 theme lactose-carrier-based 257:277 arg1 Seretide 392:399 Seretide 392:399 Seretide 392:399 Powders were extracted from seven commercial lactose-carrier-based dry-powder inhalers: Flixotide 50, 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (four concentrations of fluticasone propionate) and Seretide 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (three concentrations of fluticasone propionate, each with 50 μg/dose salmeterol xinafoate ). 26037516 2 67 theme lactose-carrier-based 257:277 arg1 Flixotide 300:308 Flixotide 300:308 Flixotide 300:308 Powders were extracted from seven commercial lactose-carrier-based dry-powder inhalers: Flixotide 50, 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (four concentrations of fluticasone propionate) and Seretide 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (three concentrations of fluticasone propionate, each with 50 μg/dose salmeterol xinafoate ). 26037516 2 68 theme fluticasone 364:374 arg1 propionate 376:385 fluticasone propionate 364:385 fluticasone propionate 364:385 Powders were extracted from seven commercial lactose-carrier-based dry-powder inhalers: Flixotide 50, 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (four concentrations of fluticasone propionate) and Seretide 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (three concentrations of fluticasone propionate, each with 50 μg/dose salmeterol xinafoate ). 26037516 4 69 theme 0.16 806:809 arg1 μL 811:812 0.16 μL 806:812 0.16 μL 806:812 The applicability of a custom-designed dispersive macro-Raman instrument with a large sample volume of 0.16 μL was tested to determine the composition of the multicomponent powder samples. 26037516 3 70 theme μg 624:625 arg1 propionate 639:648 50 μg fluticasone propionate 621:648 50 μg fluticasone propionate 621:648 Also, a carrier-free pressurized metered-dose inhaler of the same combination product, Seretide 50 (50 μg fluticasone propionate and 25 μg salmeterol xinafoate per dose) was tested. 26037516 5 71 theme sample 924:929 arg1 heterogeneity 931:943 sample heterogeneity 924:943 sample heterogeneity 924:943 To quantify the error caused by sample heterogeneity, a Monte Carlo model was developed to predict the minimum sample volume required for representative sampling of potentially heterogeneous samples at the microscopic level, characterized by different particle-size distributions and compositions. 26037516 3 72 theme pressurized 542:552 arg1 inhaler 567:573 a carrier-free pressurized metered-dose inhaler 527:573 a carrier-free pressurized metered-dose inhaler of the same combination product, Seretide 50 (50 μg fluticasone propionate and 25 μg salmeterol xinafoate per dose) 527:689 Also, a carrier-free pressurized metered-dose inhaler of the same combination product, Seretide 50 (50 μg fluticasone propionate and 25 μg salmeterol xinafoate per dose) was tested. 26037516 3 73 theme salmeterol 660:669 arg1 xinafoate 671:679 25 μg salmeterol xinafoate 654:679 25 μg salmeterol xinafoate 654:679 Also, a carrier-free pressurized metered-dose inhaler of the same combination product, Seretide 50 (50 μg fluticasone propionate and 25 μg salmeterol xinafoate per dose) was tested. 26037516 3 74 theme fluticasone 627:637 arg1 propionate 639:648 50 μg fluticasone propionate 621:648 50 μg fluticasone propionate 621:648 Also, a carrier-free pressurized metered-dose inhaler of the same combination product, Seretide 50 (50 μg fluticasone propionate and 25 μg salmeterol xinafoate per dose) was tested. 26037516 1 75 theme bulk 163:166 arg1 composition 168:178 the bulk composition 159:178 the bulk composition of pharmaceutical drug powders 159:209 Quantitative macro-Raman spectroscopy was applied to the analysis of the bulk composition of pharmaceutical drug powders. 26037516 5 76 theme heterogeneous 1069:1081 arg1 samples 1083:1089 potentially heterogeneous samples 1057:1089 potentially heterogeneous samples 1057:1089 To quantify the error caused by sample heterogeneity, a Monte Carlo model was developed to predict the minimum sample volume required for representative sampling of potentially heterogeneous samples at the microscopic level, characterized by different particle-size distributions and compositions. 26037516 4 77 theme μL 811:812 arg1 volume 796:801 a large sample volume 781:801 a large sample volume of 0.16 μL 781:812 The applicability of a custom-designed dispersive macro-Raman instrument with a large sample volume of 0.16 μL was tested to determine the composition of the multicomponent powder samples. 26037516 6 78 theme respirable 1211:1220 arg1 samples 1229:1235 Typical carrier-free respirable powder samples 1190:1235 Typical carrier-free respirable powder samples 1190:1235 Typical carrier-free respirable powder samples required a minimum sample volume on the order of 10(-4) μL to achieve representative sampling with less than 3% relative error. 26037516 1 79 theme composition 168:178 arg1 analysis 147:154 the analysis 143:154 the analysis of the bulk composition of pharmaceutical drug powders 143:209 Quantitative macro-Raman spectroscopy was applied to the analysis of the bulk composition of pharmaceutical drug powders. 26037516 6 80 theme powder 1222:1227 arg1 samples 1229:1235 Typical carrier-free respirable powder samples 1190:1235 Typical carrier-free respirable powder samples 1190:1235 Typical carrier-free respirable powder samples required a minimum sample volume on the order of 10(-4) μL to achieve representative sampling with less than 3% relative error. 26037516 5 81 theme different 1134:1142 arg1 distributions 1158:1170 different particle-size distributions 1134:1170 different particle-size distributions 1134:1170 To quantify the error caused by sample heterogeneity, a Monte Carlo model was developed to predict the minimum sample volume required for representative sampling of potentially heterogeneous samples at the microscopic level, characterized by different particle-size distributions and compositions. 26037516 3 82 theme 50 621:622 arg1 μg 624:625 μg 624:625 μg 624:625 Also, a carrier-free pressurized metered-dose inhaler of the same combination product, Seretide 50 (50 μg fluticasone propionate and 25 μg salmeterol xinafoate per dose) was tested. 26037516 2 83 theme propionate 464:473 arg1 inhalers 290:297 seven commercial lactose-carrier-based dry-powder inhalers 240:297 seven commercial lactose-carrier-based dry-powder inhalers: Flixotide 50, 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (four concentrations of fluticasone propionate) and Seretide 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (three concentrations of fluticasone propionate, each with 50 μg/dose salmeterol xinafoate ) 240:518 Powders were extracted from seven commercial lactose-carrier-based dry-powder inhalers: Flixotide 50, 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (four concentrations of fluticasone propionate) and Seretide 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (three concentrations of fluticasone propionate, each with 50 μg/dose salmeterol xinafoate ). 26037516 2 83 theme propionate 464:473 arg1 Seretide 392:399 Seretide 392:399 Seretide 392:399 Powders were extracted from seven commercial lactose-carrier-based dry-powder inhalers: Flixotide 50, 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (four concentrations of fluticasone propionate) and Seretide 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (three concentrations of fluticasone propionate, each with 50 μg/dose salmeterol xinafoate ). 26037516 2 83 theme propionate 464:473 arg1 Flixotide 300:308 Flixotide 300:308 Flixotide 300:308 Powders were extracted from seven commercial lactose-carrier-based dry-powder inhalers: Flixotide 50, 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (four concentrations of fluticasone propionate) and Seretide 100, 250, and 500 μg/dose (three concentrations of fluticasone propionate, each with 50 μg/dose salmeterol xinafoate ). 26037516 7 84 theme representative 1494:1507 arg1 measurements 1509:1520 representative measurements 1494:1520 representative measurements 1494:1520 In contrast, dosage forms containing non-respirable carriers (e.g., lactose) required a sample volume on the order of 0.1 μL for representative measurements. 26266964 8 0 theme TMCS 1226:1229 arg1 concentrations 1193:1206 the concentrations 1189:1206 the concentrations of Ag NPs and the TMCS 1189:1229 Moreover, the antibacterial activity of the composite nanoparticles increased along with increasing the concentrations of Ag NPs and the TMCS. 26266964 8 1 dep increased 1157:1165 arg1 increasing 1178:1187 increasing 1178:1187 increasing the concentrations of Ag NPs and the TMCS 1178:1229 Moreover, the antibacterial activity of the composite nanoparticles increased along with increasing the concentrations of Ag NPs and the TMCS. 26266964 6 2 theme 378-402 nm 964:973 arg1 range 955:959 the range 951:959 the range of 378-402 nm 951:973 The composite nanoparticles demonstrated homogeneous spherical shape with size in the range of 378-402 nm. 26266964 8 3 theme Ag 1211:1212 arg1 NPs 1214:1216 Ag NPs 1211:1216 Ag NPs 1211:1216 Moreover, the antibacterial activity of the composite nanoparticles increased along with increasing the concentrations of Ag NPs and the TMCS. 26266964 3 4 theme anionic 479:485 arg1 copolymer 523:531 anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer 479:531 anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer 479:531 Then, the Ag NPs were incorporated into interpenetrating polymeric networks based on cationic trimethyl chitosan (TMCS) and anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer to develop a new series of composite nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents. 26266964 8 5 theme composite 1133:1141 arg1 nanoparticles 1143:1155 the composite nanoparticles 1129:1155 the composite nanoparticles 1129:1155 Moreover, the antibacterial activity of the composite nanoparticles increased along with increasing the concentrations of Ag NPs and the TMCS. 26266964 1 6 theme UV-irradiation 252:265 arg1 reduction 267:275 UV-irradiation reduction 252:275 UV-irradiation reduction 252:275 In the present study, densely dispersed silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were rapidly green synthesized in the presence of Rumex dentatus aqueous extract, followed by UV-irradiation reduction. 26266964 2 7 theme UV-vis 314:319 arg1 spectroscopy 321:332 UV-vis spectroscopy 314:332 UV-vis spectroscopy 314:332 The Ag NPs were characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, and TEM. 26266964 2 8 theme Ag 282:283 arg1 NPs 285:287 The Ag NPs 278:287 The Ag NPs 278:287 The Ag NPs were characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, and TEM. 26266964 5 9 theme uniform 787:793 arg1 distribution 809:820 uniform particle size distribution 787:820 uniform particle size distribution 787:820 The synthesized Ag NPs showed high purity and uniform particle size distribution with particle size ranged between 5 and 30 nm. 26266964 3 10 theme acrylamide-co-sodium 492:511 arg1 copolymer 523:531 anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer 479:531 anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer 479:531 Then, the Ag NPs were incorporated into interpenetrating polymeric networks based on cationic trimethyl chitosan (TMCS) and anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer to develop a new series of composite nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents. 26266964 3 11 theme polymeric 412:420 arg1 networks 422:429 interpenetrating polymeric networks 395:429 interpenetrating polymeric networks based on cationic trimethyl chitosan (TMCS) and anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer to develop a new series of composite nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents 395:616 Then, the Ag NPs were incorporated into interpenetrating polymeric networks based on cationic trimethyl chitosan (TMCS) and anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer to develop a new series of composite nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents. 26266964 5 12 theme Ag 757:758 arg1 NPs 760:762 The synthesized Ag NPs 741:762 The synthesized Ag NPs 741:762 The synthesized Ag NPs showed high purity and uniform particle size distribution with particle size ranged between 5 and 30 nm. 26266964 3 13 theme acrylate 513:520 arg1 copolymer 523:531 anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer 479:531 anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer 479:531 Then, the Ag NPs were incorporated into interpenetrating polymeric networks based on cationic trimethyl chitosan (TMCS) and anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer to develop a new series of composite nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents. 26266964 0 14 theme trimethyl 4:12 arg1 composite 29:37 New trimethyl chitosan-based composite 0:37 New trimethyl chitosan-based composite 0:37 New trimethyl chitosan-based composite nanoparticles as promising antibacterial agents. 26266964 1 15 theme present 95:101 arg1 study 103:107 the present study 91:107 the present study 91:107 In the present study, densely dispersed silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were rapidly green synthesized in the presence of Rumex dentatus aqueous extract, followed by UV-irradiation reduction. 26266964 5 16 theme particle 827:834 arg1 size 836:839 particle size 827:839 particle size ranged between 5 and 30 nm 827:866 The synthesized Ag NPs showed high purity and uniform particle size distribution with particle size ranged between 5 and 30 nm. 26266964 0 17 theme New 0:2 arg1 composite 29:37 New trimethyl chitosan-based composite 0:37 New trimethyl chitosan-based composite 0:37 New trimethyl chitosan-based composite nanoparticles as promising antibacterial agents. 26266964 3 18 theme new 546:548 arg1 series 550:555 a new series 544:555 a new series of composite nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents 544:616 Then, the Ag NPs were incorporated into interpenetrating polymeric networks based on cationic trimethyl chitosan (TMCS) and anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer to develop a new series of composite nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents. 26266964 3 19 theme interpenetrating 395:410 arg1 networks 422:429 interpenetrating polymeric networks 395:429 interpenetrating polymeric networks based on cationic trimethyl chitosan (TMCS) and anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer to develop a new series of composite nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents 395:616 Then, the Ag NPs were incorporated into interpenetrating polymeric networks based on cationic trimethyl chitosan (TMCS) and anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer to develop a new series of composite nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents. 26266964 5 20 theme high 771:774 arg1 purity 776:781 high purity 771:781 high purity 771:781 The synthesized Ag NPs showed high purity and uniform particle size distribution with particle size ranged between 5 and 30 nm. 26266964 8 21 theme nanoparticles 1143:1155 arg1 activity 1117:1124 the antibacterial activity 1099:1124 the antibacterial activity of the composite nanoparticles 1099:1155 Moreover, the antibacterial activity of the composite nanoparticles increased along with increasing the concentrations of Ag NPs and the TMCS. 26266964 7 22 theme bactericidal 1037:1048 arg1 activity 1050:1057 promising bactericidal activity 1027:1057 promising bactericidal activity 1027:1057 Both Ag NPs and the composite nanoparticles showed promising bactericidal activity as compared with the control. 26266964 5 23 theme synthesized 745:755 arg1 NPs 760:762 The synthesized Ag NPs 741:762 The synthesized Ag NPs 741:762 The synthesized Ag NPs showed high purity and uniform particle size distribution with particle size ranged between 5 and 30 nm. 26266964 3 24 theme cationic 440:447 arg1 TMCS 469:472 TMCS 469:472 TMCS 469:472 Then, the Ag NPs were incorporated into interpenetrating polymeric networks based on cationic trimethyl chitosan (TMCS) and anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer to develop a new series of composite nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents. 26266964 3 24 theme cationic 440:447 arg1 chitosan 459:466 cationic trimethyl chitosan 440:466 cationic trimethyl chitosan (TMCS) 440:473 Then, the Ag NPs were incorporated into interpenetrating polymeric networks based on cationic trimethyl chitosan (TMCS) and anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer to develop a new series of composite nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents. 26266964 0 25 theme chitosan-based 14:27 arg1 composite 29:37 New trimethyl chitosan-based composite 0:37 New trimethyl chitosan-based composite 0:37 New trimethyl chitosan-based composite nanoparticles as promising antibacterial agents. 26266964 3 26 theme trimethyl 449:457 arg1 TMCS 469:472 TMCS 469:472 TMCS 469:472 Then, the Ag NPs were incorporated into interpenetrating polymeric networks based on cationic trimethyl chitosan (TMCS) and anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer to develop a new series of composite nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents. 26266964 3 26 theme trimethyl 449:457 arg1 chitosan 459:466 cationic trimethyl chitosan 440:466 cationic trimethyl chitosan (TMCS) 440:473 Then, the Ag NPs were incorporated into interpenetrating polymeric networks based on cationic trimethyl chitosan (TMCS) and anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer to develop a new series of composite nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents. 26266964 3 27 theme composite 560:568 arg1 nanoparticles 570:582 composite nanoparticles 560:582 composite nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents 560:616 Then, the Ag NPs were incorporated into interpenetrating polymeric networks based on cationic trimethyl chitosan (TMCS) and anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer to develop a new series of composite nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents. 26266964 4 28 theme acrylamide-co-sodium 638:657 arg1 poly 633:636 poly 633:636 poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) 633:667 Both TMCS and poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) were prepared in the study, and characterized using FTIR, DSC, and SEM. 26266964 4 28 theme acrylamide-co-sodium 638:657 arg1 acrylate 659:666 acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate 638:666 acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate 638:666 Both TMCS and poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) were prepared in the study, and characterized using FTIR, DSC, and SEM. 26266964 5 29 theme particle 795:802 arg1 distribution 809:820 uniform particle size distribution 787:820 uniform particle size distribution 787:820 The synthesized Ag NPs showed high purity and uniform particle size distribution with particle size ranged between 5 and 30 nm. 26266964 6 30 theme spherical 922:930 arg1 shape 932:936 homogeneous spherical shape 910:936 homogeneous spherical shape 910:936 The composite nanoparticles demonstrated homogeneous spherical shape with size in the range of 378-402 nm. 26266964 7 31 theme promising 1027:1035 arg1 activity 1050:1057 promising bactericidal activity 1027:1057 promising bactericidal activity 1027:1057 Both Ag NPs and the composite nanoparticles showed promising bactericidal activity as compared with the control. 26266964 3 32 theme nanoparticles 570:582 arg1 series 550:555 a new series 544:555 a new series of composite nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents 544:616 Then, the Ag NPs were incorporated into interpenetrating polymeric networks based on cationic trimethyl chitosan (TMCS) and anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer to develop a new series of composite nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents. 26266964 7 33 theme Ag 981:982 arg1 NPs 984:986 Ag NPs 981:986 Ag NPs 981:986 Both Ag NPs and the composite nanoparticles showed promising bactericidal activity as compared with the control. 26266964 1 34 theme Rumex 208:212 arg1 extract 231:237 Rumex dentatus aqueous extract 208:237 Rumex dentatus aqueous extract 208:237 In the present study, densely dispersed silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were rapidly green synthesized in the presence of Rumex dentatus aqueous extract, followed by UV-irradiation reduction. 26266964 3 35 theme Ag 365:366 arg1 NPs 368:370 the Ag NPs 361:370 the Ag NPs 361:370 Then, the Ag NPs were incorporated into interpenetrating polymeric networks based on cationic trimethyl chitosan (TMCS) and anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer to develop a new series of composite nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents. 26266964 6 36 theme homogeneous 910:920 arg1 shape 932:936 homogeneous spherical shape 910:936 homogeneous spherical shape 910:936 The composite nanoparticles demonstrated homogeneous spherical shape with size in the range of 378-402 nm. 26266964 7 37 theme composite 996:1004 arg1 nanoparticles 1006:1018 the composite nanoparticles 992:1018 the composite nanoparticles 992:1018 Both Ag NPs and the composite nanoparticles showed promising bactericidal activity as compared with the control. 26266964 1 38 theme dispersed 118:126 arg1 nanoparticles 135:147 densely dispersed silver nanoparticles 110:147 densely dispersed silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) 110:156 In the present study, densely dispersed silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were rapidly green synthesized in the presence of Rumex dentatus aqueous extract, followed by UV-irradiation reduction. 26266964 1 38 theme dispersed 118:126 arg1 NPs 153:155 Ag NPs 150:155 Ag NPs 150:155 In the present study, densely dispersed silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were rapidly green synthesized in the presence of Rumex dentatus aqueous extract, followed by UV-irradiation reduction. 26266964 0 39 theme promising 56:64 arg1 agents 80:85 promising antibacterial agents 56:85 promising antibacterial agents 56:85 New trimethyl chitosan-based composite nanoparticles as promising antibacterial agents. 26266964 1 40 dep green 171:175 arg1 synthesized 177:187 synthesized 177:187 green synthesized in the presence of Rumex dentatus aqueous extract 171:237 In the present study, densely dispersed silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were rapidly green synthesized in the presence of Rumex dentatus aqueous extract, followed by UV-irradiation reduction. 26266964 1 41 theme silver 128:133 arg1 nanoparticles 135:147 densely dispersed silver nanoparticles 110:147 densely dispersed silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) 110:156 In the present study, densely dispersed silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were rapidly green synthesized in the presence of Rumex dentatus aqueous extract, followed by UV-irradiation reduction. 26266964 1 41 theme silver 128:133 arg1 NPs 153:155 Ag NPs 150:155 Ag NPs 150:155 In the present study, densely dispersed silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were rapidly green synthesized in the presence of Rumex dentatus aqueous extract, followed by UV-irradiation reduction. 26266964 1 42 theme Ag 150:151 arg1 nanoparticles 135:147 densely dispersed silver nanoparticles 110:147 densely dispersed silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) 110:156 In the present study, densely dispersed silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were rapidly green synthesized in the presence of Rumex dentatus aqueous extract, followed by UV-irradiation reduction. 26266964 1 42 theme Ag 150:151 arg1 NPs 153:155 Ag NPs 150:155 Ag NPs 150:155 In the present study, densely dispersed silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were rapidly green synthesized in the presence of Rumex dentatus aqueous extract, followed by UV-irradiation reduction. 26266964 3 43 theme antibacterial 597:609 arg1 agents 611:616 potential antibacterial agents 587:616 potential antibacterial agents 587:616 Then, the Ag NPs were incorporated into interpenetrating polymeric networks based on cationic trimethyl chitosan (TMCS) and anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer to develop a new series of composite nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents. 26266964 1 44 theme dentatus 214:221 arg1 extract 231:237 Rumex dentatus aqueous extract 208:237 Rumex dentatus aqueous extract 208:237 In the present study, densely dispersed silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were rapidly green synthesized in the presence of Rumex dentatus aqueous extract, followed by UV-irradiation reduction. 26266964 8 45 theme NPs 1214:1216 arg1 concentrations 1193:1206 the concentrations 1189:1206 the concentrations of Ag NPs and the TMCS 1189:1229 Moreover, the antibacterial activity of the composite nanoparticles increased along with increasing the concentrations of Ag NPs and the TMCS. 26266964 1 46 theme aqueous 223:229 arg1 extract 231:237 Rumex dentatus aqueous extract 208:237 Rumex dentatus aqueous extract 208:237 In the present study, densely dispersed silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were rapidly green synthesized in the presence of Rumex dentatus aqueous extract, followed by UV-irradiation reduction. 26266964 8 47 theme antibacterial 1103:1115 arg1 activity 1117:1124 the antibacterial activity 1099:1124 the antibacterial activity of the composite nanoparticles 1099:1155 Moreover, the antibacterial activity of the composite nanoparticles increased along with increasing the concentrations of Ag NPs and the TMCS. 26266964 5 48 theme size 804:807 arg1 distribution 809:820 uniform particle size distribution 787:820 uniform particle size distribution 787:820 The synthesized Ag NPs showed high purity and uniform particle size distribution with particle size ranged between 5 and 30 nm. 26266964 3 49 theme poly 487:490 arg1 copolymer 523:531 anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer 479:531 anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer 479:531 Then, the Ag NPs were incorporated into interpenetrating polymeric networks based on cationic trimethyl chitosan (TMCS) and anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer to develop a new series of composite nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents. 26266964 1 50 theme extract 231:237 arg1 presence 196:203 the presence 192:203 the presence of Rumex dentatus aqueous extract 192:237 In the present study, densely dispersed silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were rapidly green synthesized in the presence of Rumex dentatus aqueous extract, followed by UV-irradiation reduction. 26266964 0 51 theme antibacterial 66:78 arg1 agents 80:85 promising antibacterial agents 56:85 promising antibacterial agents 56:85 New trimethyl chitosan-based composite nanoparticles as promising antibacterial agents. 26266964 6 52 theme composite 873:881 arg1 nanoparticles 883:895 The composite nanoparticles 869:895 The composite nanoparticles 869:895 The composite nanoparticles demonstrated homogeneous spherical shape with size in the range of 378-402 nm. 26266964 3 53 theme potential 587:595 arg1 agents 611:616 potential antibacterial agents 587:616 potential antibacterial agents 587:616 Then, the Ag NPs were incorporated into interpenetrating polymeric networks based on cationic trimethyl chitosan (TMCS) and anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer to develop a new series of composite nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents. 25932904 4 0 theme oral 540:543 arg1 formulation 567:577 oral disintegrating tablet formulation 540:577 oral disintegrating tablet formulation using β-cyclodextrin as a diluent 540:611 OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to exame feasibility of preparing and optimizing oral disintegrating tablet formulation using β-cyclodextrin as a diluent. 25932904 16 1 theme disintegration 1974:1987 arg1 time 1989:1992 the disintegration time 1970:1992 the disintegration time 1970:1992 In the present study, higher concentration of β cyclodextrin was found to improve the hardness of tablets without increasing the disintegration time. 25932904 6 2 theme microcrystalline 769:784 arg1 cellulose 786:794 microcrystalline cellulose 769:794 microcrystalline cellulose 769:794 60% β-CD and MCC (microcrystalline cellulose - MCC-Vivapur 102) were used at different proportions for all the formulations. 25932904 5 3 from method 692:697 arg1 press 722:726 single punch tablet press 702:726 single punch tablet press using flat plain-face 702:748 MATERIAL AND METHODS 400 mg round tablets were prepared by direct compression method on single punch tablet press using flat plain-face. 25932904 4 4 theme tablet 560:565 arg1 formulation 567:577 oral disintegrating tablet formulation 540:577 oral disintegrating tablet formulation using β-cyclodextrin as a diluent 540:611 OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to exame feasibility of preparing and optimizing oral disintegrating tablet formulation using β-cyclodextrin as a diluent. 25932904 11 5 theme Hardness 1306:1313 arg1 values 1315:1320 Hardness values 1306:1320 Hardness values of presented tablets 1306:1341 Hardness values of presented tablets were in the range 0.11-0.15 kG/mm2. 25932904 5 6 theme mg 639:640 arg1 tablets 648:654 400 mg round tablets 635:654 400 mg round tablets 635:654 MATERIAL AND METHODS 400 mg round tablets were prepared by direct compression method on single punch tablet press using flat plain-face. 25932904 9 7 theme paddle 1127:1132 arg1 medium 1206:1211 a dissolution medium 1192:1211 a dissolution medium 1192:1211 A dissolution test was performed at 37ºC using the paddle method at 50 rpm with 900 mL phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) as a dissolution medium. 25932904 9 7 theme paddle 1127:1132 arg1 method 1134:1139 the paddle method 1123:1139 the paddle method 1123:1139 A dissolution test was performed at 37ºC using the paddle method at 50 rpm with 900 mL phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) as a dissolution medium. 25932904 2 8 from Diluent 195:201 arg1 formulation 225:235 direct compression formulation 206:235 direct compression formulation 206:235 Diluent in direct compression formulation has a dual role: it increases bulk of the dosage form and it promotes binding of the constituent particles of the formulation. 25932904 6 9 theme different 828:836 arg1 proportions 838:848 different proportions 828:848 different proportions for all the formulations 828:873 60% β-CD and MCC (microcrystalline cellulose - MCC-Vivapur 102) were used at different proportions for all the formulations. 25932904 9 10 with rpm 1147:1149 arg1 pH 1181:1182 pH 6.8 1181:1186 pH 6.8 1181:1186 A dissolution test was performed at 37ºC using the paddle method at 50 rpm with 900 mL phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) as a dissolution medium. 25932904 9 10 with rpm 1147:1149 arg1 buffer 1173:1178 900 mL phosphate buffer 1156:1178 900 mL phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) 1156:1187 A dissolution test was performed at 37ºC using the paddle method at 50 rpm with 900 mL phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) as a dissolution medium. 25932904 13 11 theme tablets 1633:1639 arg1 properties 1619:1628 the good mechanical properties 1599:1628 the good mechanical properties of tablets containing β-CD 1599:1655 Disintegration time was in the range of 86 to 161 s. CONCLUSIONS The results confirm the good mechanical properties of tablets containing β-CD. 25932904 6 12 theme 60 751:752 arg1 % 753:753 % 753:753 % 753:753 60% β-CD and MCC (microcrystalline cellulose - MCC-Vivapur 102) were used at different proportions for all the formulations. 25932904 2 13 theme dosage 279:284 arg1 form 286:289 the dosage form 275:289 the dosage form 275:289 Diluent in direct compression formulation has a dual role: it increases bulk of the dosage form and it promotes binding of the constituent particles of the formulation. 25932904 13 14 dep CONCLUSIONS 1567:1577 arg1 s. 1564:1565 s. 1564:1565 s. 1564:1565 Disintegration time was in the range of 86 to 161 s. CONCLUSIONS The results confirm the good mechanical properties of tablets containing β-CD. 25932904 13 14 dep CONCLUSIONS 1567:1577 arg1 confirm 1591:1597 confirm 1591:1597 confirm the good mechanical properties of tablets containing β-CD 1591:1655 Disintegration time was in the range of 86 to 161 s. CONCLUSIONS The results confirm the good mechanical properties of tablets containing β-CD. 25932904 16 15 theme present 1852:1858 arg1 study 1860:1864 the present study 1848:1864 the present study 1848:1864 In the present study, higher concentration of β cyclodextrin was found to improve the hardness of tablets without increasing the disintegration time. 25932904 5 16 theme direct 673:678 arg1 method 692:697 direct compression method 673:697 direct compression method on single punch tablet press using flat plain-face 673:748 MATERIAL AND METHODS 400 mg round tablets were prepared by direct compression method on single punch tablet press using flat plain-face. 25932904 9 17 theme 900 1156:1158 arg1 mL 1160:1161 mL 1160:1161 mL 1160:1161 A dissolution test was performed at 37ºC using the paddle method at 50 rpm with 900 mL phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) as a dissolution medium. 25932904 14 18 theme formulation 1742:1752 arg1 formulation 1742:1752 an optimum formulation 1731:1752 an optimum formulation 1731:1752 A composition with 20% β-CD and 40% MCC fulfilled a maximum requisite of an optimum formulation. 25932904 14 18 theme formulation 1742:1752 arg1 requisite 1718:1726 requisite 1718:1726 requisite 1718:1726 A composition with 20% β-CD and 40% MCC fulfilled a maximum requisite of an optimum formulation. 25932904 13 19 dep 161 1560:1562 arg1 to 1557:1558 to 1557:1558 to 1557:1558 Disintegration time was in the range of 86 to 161 s. CONCLUSIONS The results confirm the good mechanical properties of tablets containing β-CD. 25932904 12 20 theme excessive 1498:1506 arg1 care 1508:1511 excessive care 1498:1511 excessive care 1498:1511 Friability of the tablets lower than 1% indicates that the developed formulations can be processed and handled without excessive care. 25932904 13 21 theme good 1603:1606 arg1 properties 1619:1628 the good mechanical properties 1599:1628 the good mechanical properties of tablets containing β-CD 1599:1655 Disintegration time was in the range of 86 to 161 s. CONCLUSIONS The results confirm the good mechanical properties of tablets containing β-CD. 25932904 9 22 theme phosphate 1163:1171 arg1 pH 1181:1182 pH 6.8 1181:1186 pH 6.8 1181:1186 A dissolution test was performed at 37ºC using the paddle method at 50 rpm with 900 mL phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) as a dissolution medium. 25932904 9 22 theme phosphate 1163:1171 arg1 buffer 1173:1178 900 mL phosphate buffer 1156:1178 900 mL phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) 1156:1187 A dissolution test was performed at 37ºC using the paddle method at 50 rpm with 900 mL phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) as a dissolution medium. 25932904 2 23 theme compression 213:223 arg1 formulation 225:235 direct compression formulation 206:235 direct compression formulation 206:235 Diluent in direct compression formulation has a dual role: it increases bulk of the dosage form and it promotes binding of the constituent particles of the formulation. 25932904 10 24 dep RESULTS 1214:1220 arg1 found 1258:1262 found 1258:1262 was found inside the ± 5% of the theoretical value 1254:1303 RESULTS The content of ibuprofen sodium was found inside the ± 5% of the theoretical value. 25932904 14 25 with composition 1660:1670 arg1 MCC 1694:1696 40% MCC 1690:1696 40% MCC 1690:1696 A composition with 20% β-CD and 40% MCC fulfilled a maximum requisite of an optimum formulation. 25932904 14 25 with composition 1660:1670 arg1 β-CD 1681:1684 20% β-CD 1677:1684 20% β-CD 1677:1684 A composition with 20% β-CD and 40% MCC fulfilled a maximum requisite of an optimum formulation. 25932904 16 26 theme higher 1867:1872 arg1 concentration 1874:1886 higher concentration 1867:1886 higher concentration of β cyclodextrin 1867:1904 In the present study, higher concentration of β cyclodextrin was found to improve the hardness of tablets without increasing the disintegration time. 25932904 2 27 theme dual 243:246 arg1 role 248:251 a dual role 241:251 a dual role 241:251 Diluent in direct compression formulation has a dual role: it increases bulk of the dosage form and it promotes binding of the constituent particles of the formulation. 25932904 16 28 located found 1910:1914 arg1 study 1860:1864 the present study 1848:1864 the present study 1848:1864 In the present study, higher concentration of β cyclodextrin was found to improve the hardness of tablets without increasing the disintegration time. 25932904 16 28 located found 1910:1914 arg2 concentration 1874:1886 higher concentration 1867:1886 higher concentration of β cyclodextrin 1867:1904 In the present study, higher concentration of β cyclodextrin was found to improve the hardness of tablets without increasing the disintegration time. 25932904 0 29 theme tablets 57:63 arg1 formulation 38:48 the formulation 34:48 the formulation of ODT tablets containing ibuprofen 34:84 [Application of β-cyclodextrin in the formulation of ODT tablets containing ibuprofen]. 25932904 12 30 theme developed 1438:1446 arg1 formulations 1448:1459 the developed formulations 1434:1459 the developed formulations 1434:1459 Friability of the tablets lower than 1% indicates that the developed formulations can be processed and handled without excessive care. 25932904 9 31 theme dissolution 1194:1204 arg1 method 1134:1139 the paddle method 1123:1139 the paddle method 1123:1139 A dissolution test was performed at 37ºC using the paddle method at 50 rpm with 900 mL phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) as a dissolution medium. 25932904 9 31 theme dissolution 1194:1204 arg1 medium 1206:1211 a dissolution medium 1192:1211 a dissolution medium 1192:1211 A dissolution test was performed at 37ºC using the paddle method at 50 rpm with 900 mL phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) as a dissolution medium. 25932904 8 32 theme weight 976:981 arg1 variation 983:991 weight variation 976:991 weight variation 976:991 The eight formulations prepared were assessed for weight variation, thickness, disintegration time, hardness and dissolution rate according to FP IX. 25932904 14 33 theme 40 1690:1691 arg1 % 1692:1692 % 1692:1692 % 1692:1692 A composition with 20% β-CD and 40% MCC fulfilled a maximum requisite of an optimum formulation. 25932904 0 34 from [Application 0:11 arg1 formulation 38:48 the formulation 34:48 the formulation of ODT tablets containing ibuprofen 34:84 [Application of β-cyclodextrin in the formulation of ODT tablets containing ibuprofen]. 25932904 16 35 theme tablets 1943:1949 arg1 hardness 1931:1938 the hardness 1927:1938 the hardness of tablets 1927:1949 In the present study, higher concentration of β cyclodextrin was found to improve the hardness of tablets without increasing the disintegration time. 25932904 5 36 theme single 702:707 arg1 press 722:726 single punch tablet press 702:726 single punch tablet press using flat plain-face 702:748 MATERIAL AND METHODS 400 mg round tablets were prepared by direct compression method on single punch tablet press using flat plain-face. 25932904 11 37 theme tablets 1335:1341 arg1 values 1315:1320 Hardness values 1306:1320 Hardness values of presented tablets 1306:1341 Hardness values of presented tablets were in the range 0.11-0.15 kG/mm2. 25932904 5 38 theme tablet 715:720 arg1 press 722:726 single punch tablet press 702:726 single punch tablet press using flat plain-face 702:748 MATERIAL AND METHODS 400 mg round tablets were prepared by direct compression method on single punch tablet press using flat plain-face. 25932904 7 39 theme Kollidon 882:889 arg1 CL 891:892 Kollidon CL 882:892 Kollidon CL 882:892 5% of Kollidon CL was added as superdisintegrant. 25932904 13 40 theme 161 1560:1562 arg1 range 1545:1549 the range 1541:1549 the range of 86 to 161 1541:1562 Disintegration time was in the range of 86 to 161 s. CONCLUSIONS The results confirm the good mechanical properties of tablets containing β-CD. 25932904 3 41 theme diluent 384:390 arg1 selection 371:379 selection 371:379 selection of diluent 371:390 Hence, selection of diluent is important in tablets produced by direct compression method. 25932904 4 42 dep OBJECTIVES 455:464 arg1 was 487:489 was 487:489 was to exame feasibility of preparing and optimizing oral disintegrating tablet formulation using β-cyclodextrin as a diluent 487:611 OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to exame feasibility of preparing and optimizing oral disintegrating tablet formulation using β-cyclodextrin as a diluent. 25932904 1 43 theme BACKGROUND 88:97 arg1 ODT 127:129 ODT 127:129 ODT 127:129 BACKGROUND Oral disintegrating tablet (ODT) dissolves or disintegrates in saliva and then it is swallowed. 25932904 1 43 theme BACKGROUND 88:97 arg1 tablet 119:124 BACKGROUND Oral disintegrating tablet 88:124 BACKGROUND Oral disintegrating tablet (ODT) 88:130 BACKGROUND Oral disintegrating tablet (ODT) dissolves or disintegrates in saliva and then it is swallowed. 25932904 11 44 theme range 1355:1359 arg1 kG/mm2 1371:1376 the range 0.11-0.15 kG/mm2 1351:1376 the range 0.11-0.15 kG/mm2 1351:1376 Hardness values of presented tablets were in the range 0.11-0.15 kG/mm2. 25932904 0 45 theme β-cyclodextrin 16:29 arg1 [Application 0:11 [Application 0:11 [Application of β-cyclodextrin in the formulation of ODT tablets containing ibuprofen 0:84 [Application of β-cyclodextrin in the formulation of ODT tablets containing ibuprofen]. 25932904 14 46 theme % 1679:1679 arg1 β-CD 1681:1684 20% β-CD 1677:1684 20% β-CD 1677:1684 A composition with 20% β-CD and 40% MCC fulfilled a maximum requisite of an optimum formulation. 25932904 1 47 theme disintegrating 104:117 arg1 ODT 127:129 ODT 127:129 ODT 127:129 BACKGROUND Oral disintegrating tablet (ODT) dissolves or disintegrates in saliva and then it is swallowed. 25932904 1 47 theme disintegrating 104:117 arg1 tablet 119:124 BACKGROUND Oral disintegrating tablet 88:124 BACKGROUND Oral disintegrating tablet (ODT) 88:130 BACKGROUND Oral disintegrating tablet (ODT) dissolves or disintegrates in saliva and then it is swallowed. 25932904 4 48 theme preparing 515:523 arg1 feasibility 500:510 feasibility 500:510 feasibility of preparing 500:523 OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to exame feasibility of preparing and optimizing oral disintegrating tablet formulation using β-cyclodextrin as a diluent. 25932904 16 49 theme cyclodextrin 1893:1904 arg1 concentration 1874:1886 higher concentration 1867:1886 higher concentration of β cyclodextrin 1867:1904 In the present study, higher concentration of β cyclodextrin was found to improve the hardness of tablets without increasing the disintegration time. 25932904 12 50 theme lower 1405:1409 arg1 tablets 1397:1403 the tablets 1393:1403 the tablets lower than 1% 1393:1417 Friability of the tablets lower than 1% indicates that the developed formulations can be processed and handled without excessive care. 25932904 4 51 theme work 482:485 arg1 aim 470:472 The aim 466:472 The aim of this work 466:485 OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to exame feasibility of preparing and optimizing oral disintegrating tablet formulation using β-cyclodextrin as a diluent. 25932904 10 52 theme sodium 1247:1252 arg1 content 1226:1232 The content 1222:1232 The content of ibuprofen sodium 1222:1252 RESULTS The content of ibuprofen sodium was found inside the ± 5% of the theoretical value. 25932904 3 53 theme compression 435:445 arg1 method 447:452 direct compression method 428:452 direct compression method 428:452 Hence, selection of diluent is important in tablets produced by direct compression method. 25932904 8 54 theme FP 1069:1070 arg1 IX 1072:1073 FP IX 1069:1073 FP IX 1069:1073 The eight formulations prepared were assessed for weight variation, thickness, disintegration time, hardness and dissolution rate according to FP IX. 25932904 2 55 theme particles 334:342 arg1 binding 307:313 binding 307:313 binding of the constituent particles of the formulation 307:361 Diluent in direct compression formulation has a dual role: it increases bulk of the dosage form and it promotes binding of the constituent particles of the formulation. 25932904 0 56 theme ODT 53:55 arg1 tablets 57:63 ODT tablets 53:63 ODT tablets containing ibuprofen 53:84 [Application of β-cyclodextrin in the formulation of ODT tablets containing ibuprofen]. 25932904 0 57 contain containing 65:74 arg1 tablets 57:63 ODT tablets 53:63 ODT tablets containing ibuprofen 53:84 [Application of β-cyclodextrin in the formulation of ODT tablets containing ibuprofen]. 25932904 0 57 contain containing 65:74 arg2 ibuprofen 76:84 ibuprofen 76:84 ibuprofen 76:84 [Application of β-cyclodextrin in the formulation of ODT tablets containing ibuprofen]. 25932904 2 58 contain has 237:239 arg2 role 248:251 a dual role 241:251 a dual role 241:251 Diluent in direct compression formulation has a dual role: it increases bulk of the dosage form and it promotes binding of the constituent particles of the formulation. 25932904 2 58 contain has 237:239 arg1 Diluent 195:201 Diluent 195:201 Diluent in direct compression formulation 195:235 Diluent in direct compression formulation has a dual role: it increases bulk of the dosage form and it promotes binding of the constituent particles of the formulation. 25932904 4 59 theme disintegrating 545:558 arg1 formulation 567:577 oral disintegrating tablet formulation 540:577 oral disintegrating tablet formulation using β-cyclodextrin as a diluent 540:611 OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to exame feasibility of preparing and optimizing oral disintegrating tablet formulation using β-cyclodextrin as a diluent. 25932904 8 60 dep variation 983:991 arg1 rate 1051:1054 rate 1051:1054 rate 1051:1054 The eight formulations prepared were assessed for weight variation, thickness, disintegration time, hardness and dissolution rate according to FP IX. 25932904 6 61 theme % 753:753 arg1 β-CD 755:758 60% β-CD 751:758 60% β-CD 751:758 60% β-CD and MCC (microcrystalline cellulose - MCC-Vivapur 102) were used at different proportions for all the formulations. 25932904 2 62 theme form 286:289 arg1 bulk 267:270 bulk 267:270 bulk of the dosage form 267:289 Diluent in direct compression formulation has a dual role: it increases bulk of the dosage form and it promotes binding of the constituent particles of the formulation. 25932904 6 63 dep MCC 764:766 arg1 MCC-Vivapur 798:808 MCC-Vivapur 102 798:812 MCC-Vivapur 102 798:812 60% β-CD and MCC (microcrystalline cellulose - MCC-Vivapur 102) were used at different proportions for all the formulations. 25932904 6 63 dep MCC 764:766 arg1 cellulose 786:794 microcrystalline cellulose 769:794 microcrystalline cellulose 769:794 60% β-CD and MCC (microcrystalline cellulose - MCC-Vivapur 102) were used at different proportions for all the formulations. 25932904 10 64 theme value 1299:1303 arg1 value 1299:1303 the theoretical value 1283:1303 the theoretical value 1283:1303 RESULTS The content of ibuprofen sodium was found inside the ± 5% of the theoretical value. 25932904 10 64 theme value 1299:1303 arg1 % 1278:1278 the ± 5% 1271:1278 the ± 5% of the theoretical value 1271:1303 RESULTS The content of ibuprofen sodium was found inside the ± 5% of the theoretical value. 25932904 10 65 theme theoretical 1287:1297 arg1 value 1299:1303 the theoretical value 1283:1303 the theoretical value 1283:1303 RESULTS The content of ibuprofen sodium was found inside the ± 5% of the theoretical value. 25932904 9 66 theme dissolution 1078:1088 arg1 test 1090:1093 A dissolution test 1076:1093 A dissolution test 1076:1093 A dissolution test was performed at 37ºC using the paddle method at 50 rpm with 900 mL phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) as a dissolution medium. 25932904 5 67 theme compression 680:690 arg1 method 692:697 direct compression method 673:697 direct compression method on single punch tablet press using flat plain-face 673:748 MATERIAL AND METHODS 400 mg round tablets were prepared by direct compression method on single punch tablet press using flat plain-face. 25932904 9 68 theme mL 1160:1161 arg1 pH 1181:1182 pH 6.8 1181:1186 pH 6.8 1181:1186 A dissolution test was performed at 37ºC using the paddle method at 50 rpm with 900 mL phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) as a dissolution medium. 25932904 9 68 theme mL 1160:1161 arg1 buffer 1173:1178 900 mL phosphate buffer 1156:1178 900 mL phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) 1156:1187 A dissolution test was performed at 37ºC using the paddle method at 50 rpm with 900 mL phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) as a dissolution medium. 25932904 14 69 theme optimum 1734:1740 arg1 formulation 1742:1752 an optimum formulation 1731:1752 an optimum formulation 1731:1752 A composition with 20% β-CD and 40% MCC fulfilled a maximum requisite of an optimum formulation. 25932904 13 70 theme mechanical 1608:1617 arg1 properties 1619:1628 the good mechanical properties 1599:1628 the good mechanical properties of tablets containing β-CD 1599:1655 Disintegration time was in the range of 86 to 161 s. CONCLUSIONS The results confirm the good mechanical properties of tablets containing β-CD. 25932904 5 71 theme round 642:646 arg1 tablets 648:654 400 mg round tablets 635:654 400 mg round tablets 635:654 MATERIAL AND METHODS 400 mg round tablets were prepared by direct compression method on single punch tablet press using flat plain-face. 25932904 2 72 theme direct 206:211 arg1 formulation 225:235 direct compression formulation 206:235 direct compression formulation 206:235 Diluent in direct compression formulation has a dual role: it increases bulk of the dosage form and it promotes binding of the constituent particles of the formulation. 25932904 11 73 theme 0.11-0.15 1361:1369 arg1 kG/mm2 1371:1376 the range 0.11-0.15 kG/mm2 1351:1376 the range 0.11-0.15 kG/mm2 1351:1376 Hardness values of presented tablets were in the range 0.11-0.15 kG/mm2. 25932904 5 74 theme flat 734:737 arg1 plain-face 739:748 flat plain-face 734:748 flat plain-face 734:748 MATERIAL AND METHODS 400 mg round tablets were prepared by direct compression method on single punch tablet press using flat plain-face. 25932904 14 75 theme % 1692:1692 arg1 MCC 1694:1696 40% MCC 1690:1696 40% MCC 1690:1696 A composition with 20% β-CD and 40% MCC fulfilled a maximum requisite of an optimum formulation. 25932904 15 76 theme comparison 1824:1833 arg1 purposes 1835:1842 comparison purposes 1824:1842 comparison purposes 1824:1842 These properties were similar to Ludiflash, the formulation used for comparison purposes. 25932904 13 77 contain containing 1641:1650 arg2 β-CD 1652:1655 β-CD 1652:1655 β-CD 1652:1655 Disintegration time was in the range of 86 to 161 s. CONCLUSIONS The results confirm the good mechanical properties of tablets containing β-CD. 25932904 13 77 contain containing 1641:1650 arg1 tablets 1633:1639 tablets 1633:1639 tablets containing β-CD 1633:1655 Disintegration time was in the range of 86 to 161 s. CONCLUSIONS The results confirm the good mechanical properties of tablets containing β-CD. 25932904 11 78 theme presented 1325:1333 arg1 tablets 1335:1341 presented tablets 1325:1341 presented tablets 1325:1341 Hardness values of presented tablets were in the range 0.11-0.15 kG/mm2. 25932904 5 79 theme punch 709:713 arg1 press 722:726 single punch tablet press 702:726 single punch tablet press using flat plain-face 702:748 MATERIAL AND METHODS 400 mg round tablets were prepared by direct compression method on single punch tablet press using flat plain-face. 25932904 8 80 theme disintegration 1005:1018 arg1 time 1020:1023 disintegration time 1005:1023 disintegration time 1005:1023 The eight formulations prepared were assessed for weight variation, thickness, disintegration time, hardness and dissolution rate according to FP IX. 25932904 2 81 theme formulation 351:361 arg1 particles 334:342 the constituent particles 318:342 the constituent particles of the formulation 318:361 Diluent in direct compression formulation has a dual role: it increases bulk of the dosage form and it promotes binding of the constituent particles of the formulation. 25932904 7 82 theme CL 891:892 arg1 % 877:877 5% 876:877 5% of Kollidon CL 876:892 5% of Kollidon CL was added as superdisintegrant. 25932904 7 82 theme CL 891:892 arg1 CL 891:892 Kollidon CL 882:892 Kollidon CL 882:892 5% of Kollidon CL was added as superdisintegrant. 25932904 7 82 theme CL 891:892 arg1 superdisintegrant 907:923 superdisintegrant 907:923 superdisintegrant 907:923 5% of Kollidon CL was added as superdisintegrant. 25932904 1 83 theme Oral 99:102 arg1 ODT 127:129 ODT 127:129 ODT 127:129 BACKGROUND Oral disintegrating tablet (ODT) dissolves or disintegrates in saliva and then it is swallowed. 25932904 1 83 theme Oral 99:102 arg1 tablet 119:124 BACKGROUND Oral disintegrating tablet 88:124 BACKGROUND Oral disintegrating tablet (ODT) 88:130 BACKGROUND Oral disintegrating tablet (ODT) dissolves or disintegrates in saliva and then it is swallowed. 25932904 3 84 theme direct 428:433 arg1 method 447:452 direct compression method 428:452 direct compression method 428:452 Hence, selection of diluent is important in tablets produced by direct compression method. 25932904 14 85 theme 20 1677:1678 arg1 % 1679:1679 % 1679:1679 % 1679:1679 A composition with 20% β-CD and 40% MCC fulfilled a maximum requisite of an optimum formulation. 25932904 5 86 dep MATERIAL 614:621 arg1 tablets 648:654 400 mg round tablets 635:654 400 mg round tablets 635:654 MATERIAL AND METHODS 400 mg round tablets were prepared by direct compression method on single punch tablet press using flat plain-face. 25932904 16 87 theme β 1891:1891 arg1 cyclodextrin 1893:1904 β cyclodextrin 1891:1904 β cyclodextrin 1891:1904 In the present study, higher concentration of β cyclodextrin was found to improve the hardness of tablets without increasing the disintegration time. 25932904 3 88 from tablets 408:414 arg1 important 395:403 important 395:403 important 395:403 Hence, selection of diluent is important in tablets produced by direct compression method. 25932904 6 89 used used 820:823 arg2 MCC 764:766 MCC 764:766 MCC (microcrystalline cellulose - MCC-Vivapur 102) 764:813 60% β-CD and MCC (microcrystalline cellulose - MCC-Vivapur 102) were used at different proportions for all the formulations. 25932904 6 89 used used 820:823 arg2 β-CD 755:758 60% β-CD 751:758 60% β-CD 751:758 60% β-CD and MCC (microcrystalline cellulose - MCC-Vivapur 102) were used at different proportions for all the formulations. 25932904 12 90 theme tablets 1397:1403 arg1 Friability 1379:1388 Friability 1379:1388 Friability of the tablets lower than 1% 1379:1417 Friability of the tablets lower than 1% indicates that the developed formulations can be processed and handled without excessive care. 25932904 13 91 theme Disintegration 1514:1527 arg1 time 1529:1532 Disintegration time 1514:1532 Disintegration time 1514:1532 Disintegration time was in the range of 86 to 161 s. CONCLUSIONS The results confirm the good mechanical properties of tablets containing β-CD. 25932904 10 92 theme ibuprofen 1237:1245 arg1 sodium 1247:1252 ibuprofen sodium 1237:1252 ibuprofen sodium 1237:1252 RESULTS The content of ibuprofen sodium was found inside the ± 5% of the theoretical value. 25932904 10 93 theme ± 1275:1275 arg1 value 1299:1303 the theoretical value 1283:1303 the theoretical value 1283:1303 RESULTS The content of ibuprofen sodium was found inside the ± 5% of the theoretical value. 25932904 10 93 theme ± 1275:1275 arg1 % 1278:1278 the ± 5% 1271:1278 the ± 5% of the theoretical value 1271:1303 RESULTS The content of ibuprofen sodium was found inside the ± 5% of the theoretical value. 25932904 3 94 from important 395:403 arg1 tablets 408:414 tablets 408:414 tablets produced by direct compression method 408:452 Hence, selection of diluent is important in tablets produced by direct compression method. 25932904 2 95 theme constituent 322:332 arg1 particles 334:342 the constituent particles 318:342 the constituent particles of the formulation 318:361 Diluent in direct compression formulation has a dual role: it increases bulk of the dosage form and it promotes binding of the constituent particles of the formulation. 26189766 0 0 theme post-translational 81:98 arg1 modifications 100:112 novel post-translational modifications 75:112 novel post-translational modifications 75:112 Mass spectrometry based analysis of human plasma-derived factor X revealed novel post-translational modifications. 26189766 6 1 theme X 1024:1024 arg1 analysis 999:1006 an exhaustive structural analysis 974:1006 an exhaustive structural analysis of human factor X by mass spectrometry using successive protein and peptide mapping 974:1090 In this article we report an exhaustive structural analysis of human factor X by mass spectrometry using successive protein and peptide mapping. 26189766 4 2 theme post-translational 648:665 arg1 N-/O-glycosylation 773:790 N-/O-glycosylation 773:790 N-/O-glycosylation of the activation peptide 773:816 Several post-translational modifications of human factor X such as γ-carboxylation/β-hydroxylation of the N-terminal light chain and N-/O-glycosylation of the activation peptide have been described. 26189766 4 2 theme post-translational 648:665 arg1 γ-carboxylation/β-hydroxylation 707:737 γ-carboxylation/β-hydroxylation 707:737 γ-carboxylation/β-hydroxylation of the N-terminal light chain 707:767 Several post-translational modifications of human factor X such as γ-carboxylation/β-hydroxylation of the N-terminal light chain and N-/O-glycosylation of the activation peptide have been described. 26189766 4 2 theme post-translational 648:665 arg1 modifications 667:679 Several post-translational modifications 640:679 Several post-translational modifications of human factor X such as γ-carboxylation/β-hydroxylation of the N-terminal light chain and N-/O-glycosylation of the activation peptide 640:816 Several post-translational modifications of human factor X such as γ-carboxylation/β-hydroxylation of the N-terminal light chain and N-/O-glycosylation of the activation peptide have been described. 26189766 7 3 from position 1189:1196 arg1 chain 1173:1177 its light chain 1163:1177 its light chain at Ser106 position 1163:1196 Surprisingly, human factor X was found to be mostly O-glucosylated on its light chain at Ser106 position, Ser9 of its activation peptide is phosphorylated at about 30% and its C-terminal heavy chain is fully O-glycosylated at Thr249 by a mucin-type O-glycan (HexNAc-Hex-NeuAc). 26189766 0 4 theme novel 75:79 arg1 modifications 100:112 novel post-translational modifications 75:112 novel post-translational modifications 75:112 Mass spectrometry based analysis of human plasma-derived factor X revealed novel post-translational modifications. 26189766 3 5 theme features 630:637 arg1 picture 604:610 a more exhaustive picture 586:610 a more exhaustive picture of its structural features 586:637 Today, research of new by-passing agents of the coagulation may contribute to an increased interest for human factor X, which may, in consequence, lead to the need of a more exhaustive picture of its structural features. 26189766 7 6 theme human 1107:1111 arg1 X 1120:1120 human factor X 1107:1120 human factor X 1107:1120 Surprisingly, human factor X was found to be mostly O-glucosylated on its light chain at Ser106 position, Ser9 of its activation peptide is phosphorylated at about 30% and its C-terminal heavy chain is fully O-glycosylated at Thr249 by a mucin-type O-glycan (HexNAc-Hex-NeuAc). 26189766 4 7 theme Several 640:646 arg1 N-/O-glycosylation 773:790 N-/O-glycosylation 773:790 N-/O-glycosylation of the activation peptide 773:816 Several post-translational modifications of human factor X such as γ-carboxylation/β-hydroxylation of the N-terminal light chain and N-/O-glycosylation of the activation peptide have been described. 26189766 4 7 theme Several 640:646 arg1 γ-carboxylation/β-hydroxylation 707:737 γ-carboxylation/β-hydroxylation 707:737 γ-carboxylation/β-hydroxylation of the N-terminal light chain 707:767 Several post-translational modifications of human factor X such as γ-carboxylation/β-hydroxylation of the N-terminal light chain and N-/O-glycosylation of the activation peptide have been described. 26189766 4 7 theme Several 640:646 arg1 modifications 667:679 Several post-translational modifications 640:679 Several post-translational modifications of human factor X such as γ-carboxylation/β-hydroxylation of the N-terminal light chain and N-/O-glycosylation of the activation peptide 640:816 Several post-translational modifications of human factor X such as γ-carboxylation/β-hydroxylation of the N-terminal light chain and N-/O-glycosylation of the activation peptide have been described. 26189766 8 8 theme molecules 1475:1483 arg1 development 1448:1458 the development 1444:1458 the development of recombinant molecules 1444:1483 The knowledge of these post-translational modifications is mandatory for the development of recombinant molecules. 26189766 7 9 gly O-glycosylated 1301:1314 arg2 Thr249 1319:1324 Thr249 1319:1324 Thr249 1319:1324 Surprisingly, human factor X was found to be mostly O-glucosylated on its light chain at Ser106 position, Ser9 of its activation peptide is phosphorylated at about 30% and its C-terminal heavy chain is fully O-glycosylated at Thr249 by a mucin-type O-glycan (HexNAc-Hex-NeuAc). 26189766 7 9 gly O-glycosylated 1301:1314 arg1 chain 1286:1290 its C-terminal heavy chain 1265:1290 its C-terminal heavy chain 1265:1290 Surprisingly, human factor X was found to be mostly O-glucosylated on its light chain at Ser106 position, Ser9 of its activation peptide is phosphorylated at about 30% and its C-terminal heavy chain is fully O-glycosylated at Thr249 by a mucin-type O-glycan (HexNAc-Hex-NeuAc). 26189766 7 10 theme light 1167:1171 arg1 chain 1173:1177 its light chain 1163:1177 its light chain at Ser106 position 1163:1196 Surprisingly, human factor X was found to be mostly O-glucosylated on its light chain at Ser106 position, Ser9 of its activation peptide is phosphorylated at about 30% and its C-terminal heavy chain is fully O-glycosylated at Thr249 by a mucin-type O-glycan (HexNAc-Hex-NeuAc). 26189766 7 11 theme heavy 1280:1284 arg1 chain 1286:1290 its C-terminal heavy chain 1265:1290 its C-terminal heavy chain 1265:1290 Surprisingly, human factor X was found to be mostly O-glucosylated on its light chain at Ser106 position, Ser9 of its activation peptide is phosphorylated at about 30% and its C-terminal heavy chain is fully O-glycosylated at Thr249 by a mucin-type O-glycan (HexNAc-Hex-NeuAc). 26189766 3 12 theme human 523:527 arg1 X 536:536 human factor X 523:536 human factor X 523:536 Today, research of new by-passing agents of the coagulation may contribute to an increased interest for human factor X, which may, in consequence, lead to the need of a more exhaustive picture of its structural features. 26189766 2 13 theme final 296:300 arg1 step 302:305 the final step 292:305 the final step of the clotting cascade that leads to the clot by polymerization of fibrinogen molecules into a fibrin network 292:416 Generation of thrombin is the final step of the clotting cascade that leads to the clot by polymerization of fibrinogen molecules into a fibrin network. 26189766 2 13 theme final 296:300 arg1 Generation 266:275 Generation 266:275 Generation of thrombin 266:287 Generation of thrombin is the final step of the clotting cascade that leads to the clot by polymerization of fibrinogen molecules into a fibrin network. 26189766 7 14 theme peptide 1222:1228 arg1 Ser9 1199:1202 Ser9 1199:1202 Ser9 of its activation peptide 1199:1228 Surprisingly, human factor X was found to be mostly O-glucosylated on its light chain at Ser106 position, Ser9 of its activation peptide is phosphorylated at about 30% and its C-terminal heavy chain is fully O-glycosylated at Thr249 by a mucin-type O-glycan (HexNAc-Hex-NeuAc). 26189766 3 15 theme factor 529:534 arg1 X 536:536 human factor X 523:536 human factor X 523:536 Today, research of new by-passing agents of the coagulation may contribute to an increased interest for human factor X, which may, in consequence, lead to the need of a more exhaustive picture of its structural features. 26189766 4 16 theme human 684:688 arg1 X 697:697 human factor X 684:697 human factor X 684:697 Several post-translational modifications of human factor X such as γ-carboxylation/β-hydroxylation of the N-terminal light chain and N-/O-glycosylation of the activation peptide have been described. 26189766 3 17 theme coagulation 467:477 arg1 agents 453:458 new by-passing agents 438:458 new by-passing agents of the coagulation 438:477 Today, research of new by-passing agents of the coagulation may contribute to an increased interest for human factor X, which may, in consequence, lead to the need of a more exhaustive picture of its structural features. 26189766 5 18 theme modifications 914:926 arg1 studies 880:886 no comprehensive studies 863:886 no comprehensive studies of its post-translational modifications 863:926 But, so far as we know, no comprehensive studies of its post-translational modifications have been reported. 26189766 3 19 theme agents 453:458 arg1 research 426:433 research 426:433 research of new by-passing agents of the coagulation 426:477 Today, research of new by-passing agents of the coagulation may contribute to an increased interest for human factor X, which may, in consequence, lead to the need of a more exhaustive picture of its structural features. 26189766 2 20 theme thrombin 280:287 arg1 step 302:305 the final step 292:305 the final step of the clotting cascade that leads to the clot by polymerization of fibrinogen molecules into a fibrin network 292:416 Generation of thrombin is the final step of the clotting cascade that leads to the clot by polymerization of fibrinogen molecules into a fibrin network. 26189766 2 20 theme thrombin 280:287 arg1 Generation 266:275 Generation 266:275 Generation of thrombin 266:287 Generation of thrombin is the final step of the clotting cascade that leads to the clot by polymerization of fibrinogen molecules into a fibrin network. 26189766 1 21 theme blood 172:176 arg1 cascade 190:196 the blood coagulation cascade 168:196 the blood coagulation cascade 168:196 Human coagulation factor X is a central component of the blood coagulation cascade that converts, under its activated form, prothrombin into thrombin. 26189766 7 22 theme factor 1113:1118 arg1 X 1120:1120 human factor X 1107:1120 human factor X 1107:1120 Surprisingly, human factor X was found to be mostly O-glucosylated on its light chain at Ser106 position, Ser9 of its activation peptide is phosphorylated at about 30% and its C-terminal heavy chain is fully O-glycosylated at Thr249 by a mucin-type O-glycan (HexNAc-Hex-NeuAc). 26189766 4 23 theme N-terminal 746:755 arg1 chain 763:767 the N-terminal light chain 742:767 the N-terminal light chain 742:767 Several post-translational modifications of human factor X such as γ-carboxylation/β-hydroxylation of the N-terminal light chain and N-/O-glycosylation of the activation peptide have been described. 26189766 1 24 theme coagulation 178:188 arg1 cascade 190:196 the blood coagulation cascade 168:196 the blood coagulation cascade 168:196 Human coagulation factor X is a central component of the blood coagulation cascade that converts, under its activated form, prothrombin into thrombin. 26189766 0 25 theme spectrometry 5:16 arg1 analysis 24:31 Mass spectrometry based analysis 0:31 Mass spectrometry based analysis of human plasma-derived factor X 0:64 Mass spectrometry based analysis of human plasma-derived factor X revealed novel post-translational modifications. 26189766 7 26 theme Ser106 1182:1187 arg1 position 1189:1196 Ser106 position 1182:1196 Ser106 position 1182:1196 Surprisingly, human factor X was found to be mostly O-glucosylated on its light chain at Ser106 position, Ser9 of its activation peptide is phosphorylated at about 30% and its C-terminal heavy chain is fully O-glycosylated at Thr249 by a mucin-type O-glycan (HexNAc-Hex-NeuAc). 26189766 4 27 gly N-/O-glycosylation 773:790 arg1 chain 763:767 the N-terminal light chain 742:767 the N-terminal light chain 742:767 Several post-translational modifications of human factor X such as γ-carboxylation/β-hydroxylation of the N-terminal light chain and N-/O-glycosylation of the activation peptide have been described. 26189766 4 27 gly N-/O-glycosylation 773:790 arg1 peptide 810:816 the activation peptide 795:816 the activation peptide 795:816 Several post-translational modifications of human factor X such as γ-carboxylation/β-hydroxylation of the N-terminal light chain and N-/O-glycosylation of the activation peptide have been described. 26189766 0 28 link plasma-derived 42:55 arg1 X 64:64 human plasma-derived factor X 36:64 human plasma-derived factor X 36:64 Mass spectrometry based analysis of human plasma-derived factor X revealed novel post-translational modifications. 26189766 5 29 theme post-translational 895:912 arg1 modifications 914:926 its post-translational modifications 891:926 its post-translational modifications 891:926 But, so far as we know, no comprehensive studies of its post-translational modifications have been reported. 26189766 1 30 theme cascade 190:196 arg1 component 155:163 a central component 145:163 a central component of the blood coagulation cascade that converts, under its activated form, prothrombin into thrombin 145:263 Human coagulation factor X is a central component of the blood coagulation cascade that converts, under its activated form, prothrombin into thrombin. 26189766 1 30 theme cascade 190:196 arg1 X 140:140 Human coagulation factor X 115:140 Human coagulation factor X 115:140 Human coagulation factor X is a central component of the blood coagulation cascade that converts, under its activated form, prothrombin into thrombin. 26189766 0 31 theme Mass 0:3 arg1 analysis 24:31 Mass spectrometry based analysis 0:31 Mass spectrometry based analysis of human plasma-derived factor X 0:64 Mass spectrometry based analysis of human plasma-derived factor X revealed novel post-translational modifications. 26189766 4 32 theme X 697:697 arg1 N-/O-glycosylation 773:790 N-/O-glycosylation 773:790 N-/O-glycosylation of the activation peptide 773:816 Several post-translational modifications of human factor X such as γ-carboxylation/β-hydroxylation of the N-terminal light chain and N-/O-glycosylation of the activation peptide have been described. 26189766 4 32 theme X 697:697 arg1 γ-carboxylation/β-hydroxylation 707:737 γ-carboxylation/β-hydroxylation 707:737 γ-carboxylation/β-hydroxylation of the N-terminal light chain 707:767 Several post-translational modifications of human factor X such as γ-carboxylation/β-hydroxylation of the N-terminal light chain and N-/O-glycosylation of the activation peptide have been described. 26189766 4 32 theme X 697:697 arg1 modifications 667:679 Several post-translational modifications 640:679 Several post-translational modifications of human factor X such as γ-carboxylation/β-hydroxylation of the N-terminal light chain and N-/O-glycosylation of the activation peptide 640:816 Several post-translational modifications of human factor X such as γ-carboxylation/β-hydroxylation of the N-terminal light chain and N-/O-glycosylation of the activation peptide have been described. 26189766 7 33 from Thr249 1319:1324 arg1 O-glycosylated 1301:1314 O-glycosylated 1301:1314 O-glycosylated 1301:1314 Surprisingly, human factor X was found to be mostly O-glucosylated on its light chain at Ser106 position, Ser9 of its activation peptide is phosphorylated at about 30% and its C-terminal heavy chain is fully O-glycosylated at Thr249 by a mucin-type O-glycan (HexNAc-Hex-NeuAc). 26189766 6 34 theme mass 1029:1032 arg1 spectrometry 1034:1045 mass spectrometry 1029:1045 mass spectrometry using successive protein and peptide mapping 1029:1090 In this article we report an exhaustive structural analysis of human factor X by mass spectrometry using successive protein and peptide mapping. 26189766 5 35 theme comprehensive 866:878 arg1 studies 880:886 no comprehensive studies 863:886 no comprehensive studies of its post-translational modifications 863:926 But, so far as we know, no comprehensive studies of its post-translational modifications have been reported. 26189766 1 36 theme Human 115:119 arg1 component 155:163 a central component 145:163 a central component of the blood coagulation cascade that converts, under its activated form, prothrombin into thrombin 145:263 Human coagulation factor X is a central component of the blood coagulation cascade that converts, under its activated form, prothrombin into thrombin. 26189766 1 36 theme Human 115:119 arg1 X 140:140 Human coagulation factor X 115:140 Human coagulation factor X 115:140 Human coagulation factor X is a central component of the blood coagulation cascade that converts, under its activated form, prothrombin into thrombin. 26189766 3 37 theme by-passing 442:451 arg1 agents 453:458 new by-passing agents 438:458 new by-passing agents of the coagulation 438:477 Today, research of new by-passing agents of the coagulation may contribute to an increased interest for human factor X, which may, in consequence, lead to the need of a more exhaustive picture of its structural features. 26189766 0 38 theme based 18:22 arg1 analysis 24:31 Mass spectrometry based analysis 0:31 Mass spectrometry based analysis of human plasma-derived factor X 0:64 Mass spectrometry based analysis of human plasma-derived factor X revealed novel post-translational modifications. 26189766 4 39 theme light 757:761 arg1 chain 763:767 the N-terminal light chain 742:767 the N-terminal light chain 742:767 Several post-translational modifications of human factor X such as γ-carboxylation/β-hydroxylation of the N-terminal light chain and N-/O-glycosylation of the activation peptide have been described. 26189766 8 40 theme post-translational 1394:1411 arg1 modifications 1413:1425 these post-translational modifications 1388:1425 these post-translational modifications 1388:1425 The knowledge of these post-translational modifications is mandatory for the development of recombinant molecules. 26189766 1 41 theme coagulation 121:131 arg1 component 155:163 a central component 145:163 a central component of the blood coagulation cascade that converts, under its activated form, prothrombin into thrombin 145:263 Human coagulation factor X is a central component of the blood coagulation cascade that converts, under its activated form, prothrombin into thrombin. 26189766 1 41 theme coagulation 121:131 arg1 X 140:140 Human coagulation factor X 115:140 Human coagulation factor X 115:140 Human coagulation factor X is a central component of the blood coagulation cascade that converts, under its activated form, prothrombin into thrombin. 26189766 2 42 theme fibrin 403:408 arg1 network 410:416 a fibrin network 401:416 a fibrin network 401:416 Generation of thrombin is the final step of the clotting cascade that leads to the clot by polymerization of fibrinogen molecules into a fibrin network. 26189766 0 43 theme human 36:40 arg1 X 64:64 human plasma-derived factor X 36:64 human plasma-derived factor X 36:64 Mass spectrometry based analysis of human plasma-derived factor X revealed novel post-translational modifications. 26189766 3 44 theme exhaustive 593:602 arg1 picture 604:610 a more exhaustive picture 586:610 a more exhaustive picture of its structural features 586:637 Today, research of new by-passing agents of the coagulation may contribute to an increased interest for human factor X, which may, in consequence, lead to the need of a more exhaustive picture of its structural features. 26189766 4 45 theme activation 799:808 arg1 peptide 810:816 the activation peptide 795:816 the activation peptide 795:816 Several post-translational modifications of human factor X such as γ-carboxylation/β-hydroxylation of the N-terminal light chain and N-/O-glycosylation of the activation peptide have been described. 26189766 7 46 theme C-terminal 1269:1278 arg1 chain 1286:1290 its C-terminal heavy chain 1265:1290 its C-terminal heavy chain 1265:1290 Surprisingly, human factor X was found to be mostly O-glucosylated on its light chain at Ser106 position, Ser9 of its activation peptide is phosphorylated at about 30% and its C-terminal heavy chain is fully O-glycosylated at Thr249 by a mucin-type O-glycan (HexNAc-Hex-NeuAc). 26189766 6 47 theme factor 1017:1022 arg1 X 1024:1024 human factor X 1011:1024 human factor X 1011:1024 In this article we report an exhaustive structural analysis of human factor X by mass spectrometry using successive protein and peptide mapping. 26189766 2 48 theme molecules 386:394 arg1 polymerization 357:370 polymerization 357:370 polymerization of fibrinogen molecules into a fibrin network 357:416 Generation of thrombin is the final step of the clotting cascade that leads to the clot by polymerization of fibrinogen molecules into a fibrin network. 26189766 6 49 theme successive 1053:1062 arg1 protein 1064:1070 successive protein 1053:1070 successive protein 1053:1070 In this article we report an exhaustive structural analysis of human factor X by mass spectrometry using successive protein and peptide mapping. 26189766 3 50 theme new 438:440 arg1 agents 453:458 new by-passing agents 438:458 new by-passing agents of the coagulation 438:477 Today, research of new by-passing agents of the coagulation may contribute to an increased interest for human factor X, which may, in consequence, lead to the need of a more exhaustive picture of its structural features. 26189766 0 51 theme factor 57:62 arg1 X 64:64 human plasma-derived factor X 36:64 human plasma-derived factor X 36:64 Mass spectrometry based analysis of human plasma-derived factor X revealed novel post-translational modifications. 26189766 6 52 theme human 1011:1015 arg1 X 1024:1024 human factor X 1011:1024 human factor X 1011:1024 In this article we report an exhaustive structural analysis of human factor X by mass spectrometry using successive protein and peptide mapping. 26189766 8 53 theme modifications 1413:1425 arg1 knowledge 1375:1383 The knowledge 1371:1383 The knowledge of these post-translational modifications 1371:1425 The knowledge of these post-translational modifications is mandatory for the development of recombinant molecules. 26189766 8 53 theme modifications 1413:1425 arg1 mandatory 1430:1438 mandatory 1430:1438 mandatory 1430:1438 The knowledge of these post-translational modifications is mandatory for the development of recombinant molecules. 26189766 1 54 theme factor 133:138 arg1 component 155:163 a central component 145:163 a central component of the blood coagulation cascade that converts, under its activated form, prothrombin into thrombin 145:263 Human coagulation factor X is a central component of the blood coagulation cascade that converts, under its activated form, prothrombin into thrombin. 26189766 1 54 theme factor 133:138 arg1 X 140:140 Human coagulation factor X 115:140 Human coagulation factor X 115:140 Human coagulation factor X is a central component of the blood coagulation cascade that converts, under its activated form, prothrombin into thrombin. 26189766 0 55 theme plasma-derived 42:55 arg1 X 64:64 human plasma-derived factor X 36:64 human plasma-derived factor X 36:64 Mass spectrometry based analysis of human plasma-derived factor X revealed novel post-translational modifications. 26189766 4 56 theme peptide 810:816 arg1 N-/O-glycosylation 773:790 N-/O-glycosylation 773:790 N-/O-glycosylation of the activation peptide 773:816 Several post-translational modifications of human factor X such as γ-carboxylation/β-hydroxylation of the N-terminal light chain and N-/O-glycosylation of the activation peptide have been described. 26189766 4 56 theme peptide 810:816 arg1 γ-carboxylation/β-hydroxylation 707:737 γ-carboxylation/β-hydroxylation 707:737 γ-carboxylation/β-hydroxylation of the N-terminal light chain 707:767 Several post-translational modifications of human factor X such as γ-carboxylation/β-hydroxylation of the N-terminal light chain and N-/O-glycosylation of the activation peptide have been described. 26189766 7 57 theme activation 1211:1220 arg1 peptide 1222:1228 its activation peptide 1207:1228 its activation peptide 1207:1228 Surprisingly, human factor X was found to be mostly O-glucosylated on its light chain at Ser106 position, Ser9 of its activation peptide is phosphorylated at about 30% and its C-terminal heavy chain is fully O-glycosylated at Thr249 by a mucin-type O-glycan (HexNAc-Hex-NeuAc). 26189766 3 58 theme structural 619:628 arg1 features 630:637 its structural features 615:637 its structural features 615:637 Today, research of new by-passing agents of the coagulation may contribute to an increased interest for human factor X, which may, in consequence, lead to the need of a more exhaustive picture of its structural features. 26189766 7 59 theme mucin-type 1331:1340 arg1 HexNAc-Hex-NeuAc 1352:1367 HexNAc-Hex-NeuAc 1352:1367 HexNAc-Hex-NeuAc 1352:1367 Surprisingly, human factor X was found to be mostly O-glucosylated on its light chain at Ser106 position, Ser9 of its activation peptide is phosphorylated at about 30% and its C-terminal heavy chain is fully O-glycosylated at Thr249 by a mucin-type O-glycan (HexNAc-Hex-NeuAc). 26189766 7 59 theme mucin-type 1331:1340 arg1 O-glycan 1342:1349 a mucin-type O-glycan 1329:1349 a mucin-type O-glycan (HexNAc-Hex-NeuAc) 1329:1368 Surprisingly, human factor X was found to be mostly O-glucosylated on its light chain at Ser106 position, Ser9 of its activation peptide is phosphorylated at about 30% and its C-terminal heavy chain is fully O-glycosylated at Thr249 by a mucin-type O-glycan (HexNAc-Hex-NeuAc). 26189766 2 60 theme cascade 323:329 arg1 step 302:305 the final step 292:305 the final step of the clotting cascade that leads to the clot by polymerization of fibrinogen molecules into a fibrin network 292:416 Generation of thrombin is the final step of the clotting cascade that leads to the clot by polymerization of fibrinogen molecules into a fibrin network. 26189766 2 60 theme cascade 323:329 arg1 Generation 266:275 Generation 266:275 Generation of thrombin 266:287 Generation of thrombin is the final step of the clotting cascade that leads to the clot by polymerization of fibrinogen molecules into a fibrin network. 26189766 1 61 theme activated 223:231 arg1 form 233:236 its activated form 219:236 its activated form 219:236 Human coagulation factor X is a central component of the blood coagulation cascade that converts, under its activated form, prothrombin into thrombin. 26189766 3 62 theme picture 604:610 arg1 need 578:581 the need 574:581 the need of a more exhaustive picture of its structural features 574:637 Today, research of new by-passing agents of the coagulation may contribute to an increased interest for human factor X, which may, in consequence, lead to the need of a more exhaustive picture of its structural features. 26189766 4 63 theme chain 763:767 arg1 N-/O-glycosylation 773:790 N-/O-glycosylation 773:790 N-/O-glycosylation of the activation peptide 773:816 Several post-translational modifications of human factor X such as γ-carboxylation/β-hydroxylation of the N-terminal light chain and N-/O-glycosylation of the activation peptide have been described. 26189766 4 63 theme chain 763:767 arg1 γ-carboxylation/β-hydroxylation 707:737 γ-carboxylation/β-hydroxylation 707:737 γ-carboxylation/β-hydroxylation of the N-terminal light chain 707:767 Several post-translational modifications of human factor X such as γ-carboxylation/β-hydroxylation of the N-terminal light chain and N-/O-glycosylation of the activation peptide have been described. 26189766 2 64 theme clotting 314:321 arg1 cascade 323:329 the clotting cascade 310:329 the clotting cascade that leads to the clot by polymerization of fibrinogen molecules into a fibrin network 310:416 Generation of thrombin is the final step of the clotting cascade that leads to the clot by polymerization of fibrinogen molecules into a fibrin network. 26189766 4 65 theme factor 690:695 arg1 X 697:697 human factor X 684:697 human factor X 684:697 Several post-translational modifications of human factor X such as γ-carboxylation/β-hydroxylation of the N-terminal light chain and N-/O-glycosylation of the activation peptide have been described. 26189766 6 66 theme peptide 1076:1082 arg1 mapping 1084:1090 peptide mapping 1076:1090 peptide mapping 1076:1090 In this article we report an exhaustive structural analysis of human factor X by mass spectrometry using successive protein and peptide mapping. 26189766 1 67 theme central 147:153 arg1 component 155:163 a central component 145:163 a central component of the blood coagulation cascade that converts, under its activated form, prothrombin into thrombin 145:263 Human coagulation factor X is a central component of the blood coagulation cascade that converts, under its activated form, prothrombin into thrombin. 26189766 1 67 theme central 147:153 arg1 X 140:140 Human coagulation factor X 115:140 Human coagulation factor X 115:140 Human coagulation factor X is a central component of the blood coagulation cascade that converts, under its activated form, prothrombin into thrombin. 26189766 2 68 theme fibrinogen 375:384 arg1 molecules 386:394 fibrinogen molecules 375:394 fibrinogen molecules 375:394 Generation of thrombin is the final step of the clotting cascade that leads to the clot by polymerization of fibrinogen molecules into a fibrin network. 26189766 6 69 theme structural 988:997 arg1 analysis 999:1006 an exhaustive structural analysis 974:1006 an exhaustive structural analysis of human factor X by mass spectrometry using successive protein and peptide mapping 974:1090 In this article we report an exhaustive structural analysis of human factor X by mass spectrometry using successive protein and peptide mapping. 26189766 0 70 theme X 64:64 arg1 analysis 24:31 Mass spectrometry based analysis 0:31 Mass spectrometry based analysis of human plasma-derived factor X 0:64 Mass spectrometry based analysis of human plasma-derived factor X revealed novel post-translational modifications. 26189766 8 71 theme recombinant 1463:1473 arg1 molecules 1475:1483 recombinant molecules 1463:1483 recombinant molecules 1463:1483 The knowledge of these post-translational modifications is mandatory for the development of recombinant molecules. 26189766 3 72 theme increased 500:508 arg1 interest 510:517 an increased interest 497:517 an increased interest 497:517 Today, research of new by-passing agents of the coagulation may contribute to an increased interest for human factor X, which may, in consequence, lead to the need of a more exhaustive picture of its structural features. 26189766 6 73 theme exhaustive 977:986 arg1 analysis 999:1006 an exhaustive structural analysis 974:1006 an exhaustive structural analysis of human factor X by mass spectrometry using successive protein and peptide mapping 974:1090 In this article we report an exhaustive structural analysis of human factor X by mass spectrometry using successive protein and peptide mapping. 26159292 0 0 theme tissue 83:88 arg1 engineering 90:100 neural tissue engineering 76:100 neural tissue engineering 76:100 Physicochemical properties of 3D collagen-CS scaffolds for potential use in neural tissue engineering. 26159292 2 1 with interaction 318:328 arg1 cells 342:346 neural cells 335:346 neural cells 335:346 However, the precise composition and structure of scaffolds that optimize their interaction with neural cells remains incompletely understood and yet to be explored. 26159292 0 2 theme neural 76:81 arg1 engineering 90:100 neural tissue engineering 76:100 neural tissue engineering 76:100 Physicochemical properties of 3D collagen-CS scaffolds for potential use in neural tissue engineering. 26159292 1 3 contain have 138:141 arg1 scaffolds 128:136 Collagen-based composite scaffolds 103:136 Collagen-based composite scaffolds 103:136 Collagen-based composite scaffolds have considerable potential due to their well-known ability to regenerate skin, bone and cartilage. 26159292 1 3 contain have 138:141 arg2 potential 156:164 considerable potential 143:164 considerable potential 143:164 Collagen-based composite scaffolds have considerable potential due to their well-known ability to regenerate skin, bone and cartilage. 26159292 3 4 theme chondroitin 501:511 arg1 CS 523:524 CS 523:524 CS 523:524 In the present study, a new family of bi-component 3D scaffolds consisting of collagen (Col) and chondroitin sulphate (CS) were synthesized using a two-stage process: multiple freeze-drying followed by carbodiimide modification. 26159292 3 4 theme chondroitin 501:511 arg1 sulphate 513:520 chondroitin sulphate 501:520 chondroitin sulphate (CS) 501:525 In the present study, a new family of bi-component 3D scaffolds consisting of collagen (Col) and chondroitin sulphate (CS) were synthesized using a two-stage process: multiple freeze-drying followed by carbodiimide modification. 26159292 8 5 theme neural 1356:1361 arg1 applications 1382:1393 neural tissue engineering applications 1356:1393 neural tissue engineering applications 1356:1393 Improved binary composite scaffolds were designed for neural tissue engineering applications. 26159292 8 6 theme binary 1311:1316 arg1 scaffolds 1328:1336 Improved binary composite scaffolds 1302:1336 Improved binary composite scaffolds 1302:1336 Improved binary composite scaffolds were designed for neural tissue engineering applications. 26159292 5 7 theme Col 902:904 arg1 helix 913:917 the Col triple helix 898:917 the Col triple helix 898:917 Importantly, the FTIR data indicated that the ratio between the intensity of amide III and 1452 cm(-1) for Col-CS scaffold was 0.87, which indicates that the Col triple helix was preserved during the formation of the bond between Col and CS. 26159292 4 8 theme pore 664:667 arg1 diameter 669:676 an average pore diameter 653:676 an average pore diameter of 31 μm 653:685 Col-CS matrices had an average pore diameter of 31 μm and a relatively high surface area to pore volume ratio. 26159292 1 9 theme well-known 179:188 arg1 ability 190:196 their well-known ability to regenerate skin, bone and cartilage 173:235 their well-known ability to regenerate skin, bone and cartilage 173:235 Collagen-based composite scaffolds have considerable potential due to their well-known ability to regenerate skin, bone and cartilage. 26159292 3 10 theme two-stage 552:560 arg1 process 562:568 a two-stage process 550:568 a two-stage process 550:568 In the present study, a new family of bi-component 3D scaffolds consisting of collagen (Col) and chondroitin sulphate (CS) were synthesized using a two-stage process: multiple freeze-drying followed by carbodiimide modification. 26159292 5 11 theme triple 906:911 arg1 helix 913:917 the Col triple helix 898:917 the Col triple helix 898:917 Importantly, the FTIR data indicated that the ratio between the intensity of amide III and 1452 cm(-1) for Col-CS scaffold was 0.87, which indicates that the Col triple helix was preserved during the formation of the bond between Col and CS. 26159292 7 12 theme CS 1192:1193 arg1 CS 1192:1193 CS 1192:1193 CS 1192:1193 These differences are likely due to the relatively large amount of CS in the collagen sponges, which hinders access for attack at specific active sites of the Col triple helix. 26159292 7 12 theme CS 1192:1193 arg1 amount 1182:1187 the relatively large amount 1161:1187 the relatively large amount of CS in the collagen sponges, which hinders access for attack at specific active sites of the Col triple helix 1161:1299 These differences are likely due to the relatively large amount of CS in the collagen sponges, which hinders access for attack at specific active sites of the Col triple helix. 26159292 6 13 theme lower 1054:1058 arg1 sensitivity 1067:1077 a lower enzyme sensitivity 1052:1077 a lower enzyme sensitivity 1052:1077 All experiments also clearly showed that the Col-CS matrices have a lower enzyme sensitivity and higher thermal resistance than Col alone. 26159292 4 14 theme pore 725:728 arg1 ratio 737:741 pore volume ratio 725:741 pore volume ratio 725:741 Col-CS matrices had an average pore diameter of 31 μm and a relatively high surface area to pore volume ratio. 26159292 2 15 theme scaffolds 288:296 arg1 composition 259:269 precise composition 251:269 precise composition 251:269 However, the precise composition and structure of scaffolds that optimize their interaction with neural cells remains incompletely understood and yet to be explored. 26159292 2 15 theme scaffolds 288:296 arg1 structure 275:283 structure 275:283 structure 275:283 However, the precise composition and structure of scaffolds that optimize their interaction with neural cells remains incompletely understood and yet to be explored. 26159292 2 16 dep composition 259:269 arg1 the 247:249 the 247:249 the 247:249 However, the precise composition and structure of scaffolds that optimize their interaction with neural cells remains incompletely understood and yet to be explored. 26159292 5 17 theme Col-CS 851:856 arg1 scaffold 858:865 Col-CS scaffold 851:865 Col-CS scaffold 851:865 Importantly, the FTIR data indicated that the ratio between the intensity of amide III and 1452 cm(-1) for Col-CS scaffold was 0.87, which indicates that the Col triple helix was preserved during the formation of the bond between Col and CS. 26159292 6 18 theme thermal 1090:1096 arg1 resistance 1098:1107 higher thermal resistance 1083:1107 higher thermal resistance 1083:1107 All experiments also clearly showed that the Col-CS matrices have a lower enzyme sensitivity and higher thermal resistance than Col alone. 26159292 3 19 theme bi-component 442:453 arg1 scaffolds 458:466 bi-component 3D scaffolds 442:466 bi-component 3D scaffolds consisting of collagen (Col) and chondroitin sulphate (CS) 442:525 In the present study, a new family of bi-component 3D scaffolds consisting of collagen (Col) and chondroitin sulphate (CS) were synthesized using a two-stage process: multiple freeze-drying followed by carbodiimide modification. 26159292 6 20 theme higher 1083:1088 arg1 resistance 1098:1107 higher thermal resistance 1083:1107 higher thermal resistance 1083:1107 All experiments also clearly showed that the Col-CS matrices have a lower enzyme sensitivity and higher thermal resistance than Col alone. 26159292 7 21 theme collagen 1202:1209 arg1 sponges 1211:1217 the collagen sponges 1198:1217 the collagen sponges 1198:1217 These differences are likely due to the relatively large amount of CS in the collagen sponges, which hinders access for attack at specific active sites of the Col triple helix. 26159292 2 22 theme neural 335:340 arg1 cells 342:346 neural cells 335:346 neural cells 335:346 However, the precise composition and structure of scaffolds that optimize their interaction with neural cells remains incompletely understood and yet to be explored. 26159292 7 23 from sites 1271:1275 arg1 attack 1245:1250 attack 1245:1250 attack at specific active sites of the Col triple helix 1245:1299 These differences are likely due to the relatively large amount of CS in the collagen sponges, which hinders access for attack at specific active sites of the Col triple helix. 26159292 3 24 theme new 428:430 arg1 family 432:437 a new family 426:437 a new family of bi-component 3D scaffolds consisting of collagen (Col) and chondroitin sulphate (CS) 426:525 In the present study, a new family of bi-component 3D scaffolds consisting of collagen (Col) and chondroitin sulphate (CS) were synthesized using a two-stage process: multiple freeze-drying followed by carbodiimide modification. 26159292 0 25 theme Physicochemical 0:14 arg1 properties 16:25 Physicochemical properties 0:25 Physicochemical properties of 3D collagen-CS 0:43 Physicochemical properties of 3D collagen-CS scaffolds for potential use in neural tissue engineering. 26159292 5 26 theme 1452 835:838 arg1 -1 843:844 -1 843:844 -1 843:844 Importantly, the FTIR data indicated that the ratio between the intensity of amide III and 1452 cm(-1) for Col-CS scaffold was 0.87, which indicates that the Col triple helix was preserved during the formation of the bond between Col and CS. 26159292 5 26 theme 1452 835:838 arg1 cm 840:841 1452 cm 835:841 1452 cm(-1) 835:845 Importantly, the FTIR data indicated that the ratio between the intensity of amide III and 1452 cm(-1) for Col-CS scaffold was 0.87, which indicates that the Col triple helix was preserved during the formation of the bond between Col and CS. 26159292 6 27 contain have 1047:1050 arg2 resistance 1098:1107 higher thermal resistance 1083:1107 higher thermal resistance 1083:1107 All experiments also clearly showed that the Col-CS matrices have a lower enzyme sensitivity and higher thermal resistance than Col alone. 26159292 6 27 contain have 1047:1050 arg2 sensitivity 1067:1077 a lower enzyme sensitivity 1052:1077 a lower enzyme sensitivity 1052:1077 All experiments also clearly showed that the Col-CS matrices have a lower enzyme sensitivity and higher thermal resistance than Col alone. 26159292 6 27 contain have 1047:1050 arg1 matrices 1038:1045 the Col-CS matrices 1027:1045 the Col-CS matrices 1027:1045 All experiments also clearly showed that the Col-CS matrices have a lower enzyme sensitivity and higher thermal resistance than Col alone. 26159292 0 28 theme 3D 30:31 arg1 collagen-CS 33:43 3D collagen-CS 30:43 3D collagen-CS 30:43 Physicochemical properties of 3D collagen-CS scaffolds for potential use in neural tissue engineering. 26159292 8 29 theme tissue 1363:1368 arg1 applications 1382:1393 neural tissue engineering applications 1356:1393 neural tissue engineering applications 1356:1393 Improved binary composite scaffolds were designed for neural tissue engineering applications. 26159292 7 30 theme large 1176:1180 arg1 CS 1192:1193 CS 1192:1193 CS 1192:1193 These differences are likely due to the relatively large amount of CS in the collagen sponges, which hinders access for attack at specific active sites of the Col triple helix. 26159292 7 30 theme large 1176:1180 arg1 amount 1182:1187 the relatively large amount 1161:1187 the relatively large amount of CS in the collagen sponges, which hinders access for attack at specific active sites of the Col triple helix 1161:1299 These differences are likely due to the relatively large amount of CS in the collagen sponges, which hinders access for attack at specific active sites of the Col triple helix. 26159292 1 31 theme Collagen-based 103:116 arg1 scaffolds 128:136 Collagen-based composite scaffolds 103:136 Collagen-based composite scaffolds 103:136 Collagen-based composite scaffolds have considerable potential due to their well-known ability to regenerate skin, bone and cartilage. 26159292 4 32 contain had 649:651 arg2 area 717:720 a relatively high surface area 691:720 a relatively high surface area to pore volume ratio 691:741 Col-CS matrices had an average pore diameter of 31 μm and a relatively high surface area to pore volume ratio. 26159292 4 32 contain had 649:651 arg2 diameter 669:676 an average pore diameter 653:676 an average pore diameter of 31 μm 653:685 Col-CS matrices had an average pore diameter of 31 μm and a relatively high surface area to pore volume ratio. 26159292 4 32 contain had 649:651 arg1 matrices 640:647 Col-CS matrices 633:647 Col-CS matrices 633:647 Col-CS matrices had an average pore diameter of 31 μm and a relatively high surface area to pore volume ratio. 26159292 1 33 theme composite 118:126 arg1 scaffolds 128:136 Collagen-based composite scaffolds 103:136 Collagen-based composite scaffolds 103:136 Collagen-based composite scaffolds have considerable potential due to their well-known ability to regenerate skin, bone and cartilage. 26159292 4 34 theme Col-CS 633:638 arg1 matrices 640:647 Col-CS matrices 633:647 Col-CS matrices 633:647 Col-CS matrices had an average pore diameter of 31 μm and a relatively high surface area to pore volume ratio. 26159292 5 35 theme FTIR 761:764 arg1 data 766:769 the FTIR data 757:769 the FTIR data 757:769 Importantly, the FTIR data indicated that the ratio between the intensity of amide III and 1452 cm(-1) for Col-CS scaffold was 0.87, which indicates that the Col triple helix was preserved during the formation of the bond between Col and CS. 26159292 5 36 theme amide 821:825 arg1 intensity 808:816 the intensity 804:816 the intensity of amide III 804:829 Importantly, the FTIR data indicated that the ratio between the intensity of amide III and 1452 cm(-1) for Col-CS scaffold was 0.87, which indicates that the Col triple helix was preserved during the formation of the bond between Col and CS. 26159292 5 36 theme amide 821:825 arg1 cm 840:841 1452 cm 835:841 1452 cm(-1) 835:845 Importantly, the FTIR data indicated that the ratio between the intensity of amide III and 1452 cm(-1) for Col-CS scaffold was 0.87, which indicates that the Col triple helix was preserved during the formation of the bond between Col and CS. 26159292 5 36 theme amide 821:825 arg1 -1 843:844 -1 843:844 -1 843:844 Importantly, the FTIR data indicated that the ratio between the intensity of amide III and 1452 cm(-1) for Col-CS scaffold was 0.87, which indicates that the Col triple helix was preserved during the formation of the bond between Col and CS. 26159292 7 37 theme Col 1284:1286 arg1 helix 1295:1299 the Col triple helix 1280:1299 the Col triple helix 1280:1299 These differences are likely due to the relatively large amount of CS in the collagen sponges, which hinders access for attack at specific active sites of the Col triple helix. 26159292 3 38 theme 3D 455:456 arg1 scaffolds 458:466 bi-component 3D scaffolds 442:466 bi-component 3D scaffolds consisting of collagen (Col) and chondroitin sulphate (CS) 442:525 In the present study, a new family of bi-component 3D scaffolds consisting of collagen (Col) and chondroitin sulphate (CS) were synthesized using a two-stage process: multiple freeze-drying followed by carbodiimide modification. 26159292 0 39 theme collagen-CS 33:43 arg1 properties 16:25 Physicochemical properties 0:25 Physicochemical properties of 3D collagen-CS 0:43 Physicochemical properties of 3D collagen-CS scaffolds for potential use in neural tissue engineering. 26159292 8 40 theme engineering 1370:1380 arg1 applications 1382:1393 neural tissue engineering applications 1356:1393 neural tissue engineering applications 1356:1393 Improved binary composite scaffolds were designed for neural tissue engineering applications. 26159292 7 41 theme triple 1288:1293 arg1 helix 1295:1299 the Col triple helix 1280:1299 the Col triple helix 1280:1299 These differences are likely due to the relatively large amount of CS in the collagen sponges, which hinders access for attack at specific active sites of the Col triple helix. 26159292 3 42 theme scaffolds 458:466 arg1 family 432:437 a new family 426:437 a new family of bi-component 3D scaffolds consisting of collagen (Col) and chondroitin sulphate (CS) 426:525 In the present study, a new family of bi-component 3D scaffolds consisting of collagen (Col) and chondroitin sulphate (CS) were synthesized using a two-stage process: multiple freeze-drying followed by carbodiimide modification. 26159292 0 43 theme potential 59:67 arg1 use 69:71 potential use 59:71 potential use in neural tissue engineering 59:100 Physicochemical properties of 3D collagen-CS scaffolds for potential use in neural tissue engineering. 26159292 0 44 from use 69:71 arg1 engineering 90:100 neural tissue engineering 76:100 neural tissue engineering 76:100 Physicochemical properties of 3D collagen-CS scaffolds for potential use in neural tissue engineering. 26159292 5 45 theme bond 961:964 arg1 formation 944:952 the formation 940:952 the formation of the bond between Col and CS 940:983 Importantly, the FTIR data indicated that the ratio between the intensity of amide III and 1452 cm(-1) for Col-CS scaffold was 0.87, which indicates that the Col triple helix was preserved during the formation of the bond between Col and CS. 26159292 6 46 theme Col-CS 1031:1036 arg1 matrices 1038:1045 the Col-CS matrices 1027:1045 the Col-CS matrices 1027:1045 All experiments also clearly showed that the Col-CS matrices have a lower enzyme sensitivity and higher thermal resistance than Col alone. 26159292 4 47 theme high 704:707 arg1 area 717:720 a relatively high surface area 691:720 a relatively high surface area to pore volume ratio 691:741 Col-CS matrices had an average pore diameter of 31 μm and a relatively high surface area to pore volume ratio. 26159292 3 48 theme multiple 571:578 arg1 freeze-drying 580:592 multiple freeze-drying 571:592 multiple freeze-drying 571:592 In the present study, a new family of bi-component 3D scaffolds consisting of collagen (Col) and chondroitin sulphate (CS) were synthesized using a two-stage process: multiple freeze-drying followed by carbodiimide modification. 26159292 2 49 theme precise 251:257 arg1 composition 259:269 precise composition 251:269 precise composition 251:269 However, the precise composition and structure of scaffolds that optimize their interaction with neural cells remains incompletely understood and yet to be explored. 26159292 7 50 theme active 1264:1269 arg1 helix 1295:1299 the Col triple helix 1280:1299 the Col triple helix 1280:1299 These differences are likely due to the relatively large amount of CS in the collagen sponges, which hinders access for attack at specific active sites of the Col triple helix. 26159292 7 50 theme active 1264:1269 arg1 sites 1271:1275 specific active sites 1255:1275 specific active sites of the Col triple helix 1255:1299 These differences are likely due to the relatively large amount of CS in the collagen sponges, which hinders access for attack at specific active sites of the Col triple helix. 26159292 7 51 theme specific 1255:1262 arg1 helix 1295:1299 the Col triple helix 1280:1299 the Col triple helix 1280:1299 These differences are likely due to the relatively large amount of CS in the collagen sponges, which hinders access for attack at specific active sites of the Col triple helix. 26159292 7 51 theme specific 1255:1262 arg1 sites 1271:1275 specific active sites 1255:1275 specific active sites of the Col triple helix 1255:1299 These differences are likely due to the relatively large amount of CS in the collagen sponges, which hinders access for attack at specific active sites of the Col triple helix. 26159292 1 52 theme considerable 143:154 arg1 potential 156:164 considerable potential 143:164 considerable potential 143:164 Collagen-based composite scaffolds have considerable potential due to their well-known ability to regenerate skin, bone and cartilage. 26159292 7 53 theme helix 1295:1299 arg1 helix 1295:1299 the Col triple helix 1280:1299 the Col triple helix 1280:1299 These differences are likely due to the relatively large amount of CS in the collagen sponges, which hinders access for attack at specific active sites of the Col triple helix. 26159292 7 53 theme helix 1295:1299 arg1 sites 1271:1275 specific active sites 1255:1275 specific active sites of the Col triple helix 1255:1299 These differences are likely due to the relatively large amount of CS in the collagen sponges, which hinders access for attack at specific active sites of the Col triple helix. 26159292 8 54 theme composite 1318:1326 arg1 scaffolds 1328:1336 Improved binary composite scaffolds 1302:1336 Improved binary composite scaffolds 1302:1336 Improved binary composite scaffolds were designed for neural tissue engineering applications. 26159292 4 55 theme volume 730:735 arg1 ratio 737:741 pore volume ratio 725:741 pore volume ratio 725:741 Col-CS matrices had an average pore diameter of 31 μm and a relatively high surface area to pore volume ratio. 26159292 4 56 theme surface 709:715 arg1 area 717:720 a relatively high surface area 691:720 a relatively high surface area to pore volume ratio 691:741 Col-CS matrices had an average pore diameter of 31 μm and a relatively high surface area to pore volume ratio. 26159292 4 57 theme μm 684:685 arg1 diameter 669:676 an average pore diameter 653:676 an average pore diameter of 31 μm 653:685 Col-CS matrices had an average pore diameter of 31 μm and a relatively high surface area to pore volume ratio. 26159292 4 57 theme μm 684:685 arg1 area 717:720 a relatively high surface area 691:720 a relatively high surface area to pore volume ratio 691:741 Col-CS matrices had an average pore diameter of 31 μm and a relatively high surface area to pore volume ratio. 26159292 4 58 theme average 656:662 arg1 diameter 669:676 an average pore diameter 653:676 an average pore diameter of 31 μm 653:685 Col-CS matrices had an average pore diameter of 31 μm and a relatively high surface area to pore volume ratio. 26159292 7 59 from amount 1182:1187 arg1 sponges 1211:1217 the collagen sponges 1198:1217 the collagen sponges 1198:1217 These differences are likely due to the relatively large amount of CS in the collagen sponges, which hinders access for attack at specific active sites of the Col triple helix. 26159292 3 60 theme present 411:417 arg1 study 419:423 the present study 407:423 the present study 407:423 In the present study, a new family of bi-component 3D scaffolds consisting of collagen (Col) and chondroitin sulphate (CS) were synthesized using a two-stage process: multiple freeze-drying followed by carbodiimide modification. 26159292 6 61 theme enzyme 1060:1065 arg1 sensitivity 1067:1077 a lower enzyme sensitivity 1052:1077 a lower enzyme sensitivity 1052:1077 All experiments also clearly showed that the Col-CS matrices have a lower enzyme sensitivity and higher thermal resistance than Col alone. 26159292 3 62 theme carbodiimide 606:617 arg1 modification 619:630 carbodiimide modification 606:630 carbodiimide modification 606:630 In the present study, a new family of bi-component 3D scaffolds consisting of collagen (Col) and chondroitin sulphate (CS) were synthesized using a two-stage process: multiple freeze-drying followed by carbodiimide modification. 26159292 8 63 theme Improved 1302:1309 arg1 scaffolds 1328:1336 Improved binary composite scaffolds 1302:1336 Improved binary composite scaffolds 1302:1336 Improved binary composite scaffolds were designed for neural tissue engineering applications. 27646503 6 0 theme Cu2+ 960:963 arg1 cytotoxicity 944:955 a dose-dependent cytotoxicity 927:955 a dose-dependent cytotoxicity of Cu2+ on 3T3 fibroblasts 927:982 In biocompatibility assessment of the composites, a dose-dependent cytotoxicity of Cu2+ on 3T3 fibroblasts was found. 27646503 10 1 from effect 1610:1615 arg1 growth 1624:1629 the growth 1620:1629 the growth of E. coli 1620:1640 In addition, composites of NFC and Cu-MBG also showed an inhibiting effect on the growth of E. coli. 27646503 15 2 dep biocompatibility 2646:2661 arg1 application 2713:2723 application 2713:2723 application 2713:2723 I think that our manuscript title with 'Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application' will make its own contribution on understanding the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia. 27646503 4 3 from release 718:724 arg1 dressings 743:751 wound healing dressings 729:751 wound healing dressings 729:751 A controlled dissolution of Cu from the glass suggests Cu-MBG a suitable source for Cu release in wound healing dressings. 27646503 4 4 theme controlled 633:642 arg1 dissolution 644:654 A controlled dissolution 631:654 A controlled dissolution of Cu from the glass 631:675 A controlled dissolution of Cu from the glass suggests Cu-MBG a suitable source for Cu release in wound healing dressings. 27646503 11 5 theme urgent 1683:1688 arg1 need 1690:1693 an urgent need 1680:1693 an urgent need in clinics on developing a new generation of therapeutic dressings with advanced functionalities 1680:1790 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE To address an urgent need in clinics on developing a new generation of therapeutic dressings with advanced functionalities, this study has exploited the utilization of Cu-containing mesoporous bioactive glass in the nanocellulose matrix to release Cu2+ as therapeutic ions for its angiogenic effect on promoting wound healing. 27646503 1 6 theme dressing 309:316 arg1 material 318:325 potential dressing material 299:325 potential dressing material for chronic wound healing 299:351 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) were designated as potential dressing material for chronic wound healing. 27646503 1 6 theme dressing 309:316 arg1 Cu-MBG 236:241 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) 190:242 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) 190:242 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) were designated as potential dressing material for chronic wound healing. 27646503 1 6 theme dressing 309:316 arg1 Biocomposites 173:185 Biocomposites 173:185 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) 173:278 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) were designated as potential dressing material for chronic wound healing. 27646503 1 6 theme dressing 309:316 arg1 cellulose 264:272 nanofibrillated cellulose 248:272 nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) 248:278 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) were designated as potential dressing material for chronic wound healing. 27646503 8 7 theme profound 1191:1198 arg1 effect 1211:1216 a profound angiogenic effect 1189:1216 a profound angiogenic effect 1189:1216 The Cu2+ released from the composite aerogel of NFC and Cu-MBG showed a profound angiogenic effect in the 3D spheroid culture system of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 27646503 4 8 theme suitable 695:702 arg1 source 704:709 Cu-MBG a suitable source 686:709 Cu-MBG a suitable source for Cu release in wound healing dressings 686:751 A controlled dissolution of Cu from the glass suggests Cu-MBG a suitable source for Cu release in wound healing dressings. 27646503 7 9 dep survival 1079:1086 arg1 the 1075:1077 the 1075:1077 the 1075:1077 Importantly, a critical biological level of Cu2+ below 10mg/L was suggested for the survival and growth of 3T3 fibroblasts. 27646503 14 10 theme intriguing 2422:2431 arg1 topic 2442:2446 an intriguing research topic 2419:2446 an intriguing research topic 2419:2446 The use of Cu-containing bioactive glass in tissue engineering scaffolds, including wound healing, is an intriguing research topic, which has been recently discussed in the field of biomaterials. 27646503 14 10 theme intriguing 2422:2431 arg1 use 2321:2323 The use 2317:2323 The use of Cu-containing bioactive glass in tissue engineering scaffolds, including wound healing, 2317:2414 The use of Cu-containing bioactive glass in tissue engineering scaffolds, including wound healing, is an intriguing research topic, which has been recently discussed in the field of biomaterials. 27646503 1 11 theme glass 229:233 arg1 Cu-MBG 236:241 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) 190:242 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) 190:242 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) were designated as potential dressing material for chronic wound healing. 27646503 6 12 theme composites 915:924 arg1 assessment 897:906 biocompatibility assessment 880:906 biocompatibility assessment of the composites 880:924 In biocompatibility assessment of the composites, a dose-dependent cytotoxicity of Cu2+ on 3T3 fibroblasts was found. 27646503 15 13 with events 2828:2833 arg1 novelty 2851:2857 acceptable novelty 2840:2857 acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia 2840:2880 I think that our manuscript title with 'Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application' will make its own contribution on understanding the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia. 27646503 8 14 theme vein 1271:1274 arg1 cells 1288:1292 human umbilical vein endothelial cells 1255:1292 human umbilical vein endothelial cells 1255:1292 The Cu2+ released from the composite aerogel of NFC and Cu-MBG showed a profound angiogenic effect in the 3D spheroid culture system of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 27646503 15 15 theme wound 2699:2703 arg1 healing 2705:2711 chronic wound healing 2691:2711 chronic wound healing 2691:2711 I think that our manuscript title with 'Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application' will make its own contribution on understanding the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia. 27646503 1 16 theme Cu-MBG 236:241 arg1 material 318:325 potential dressing material 299:325 potential dressing material for chronic wound healing 299:351 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) were designated as potential dressing material for chronic wound healing. 27646503 1 16 theme Cu-MBG 236:241 arg1 Cu-MBG 236:241 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) 190:242 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) 190:242 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) were designated as potential dressing material for chronic wound healing. 27646503 1 16 theme Cu-MBG 236:241 arg1 Biocomposites 173:185 Biocomposites 173:185 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) 173:278 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) were designated as potential dressing material for chronic wound healing. 27646503 1 16 theme Cu-MBG 236:241 arg1 cellulose 264:272 nanofibrillated cellulose 248:272 nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) 248:278 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) were designated as potential dressing material for chronic wound healing. 27646503 12 17 theme research 2020:2027 arg1 work 2029:2032 research work 2020:2032 research work on biomaterial design, fabrication development, material characterizations and bioassessments in 2D cellular studies 2020:2149 This manuscript reports research work on biomaterial design, fabrication development, material characterizations and bioassessments in 2D cellular studies. 27646503 9 18 theme Cu-MBG 1460:1465 arg1 incorporation 1443:1455 the incorporation 1439:1455 the incorporation of Cu-MBG into NFC matrix 1439:1481 Moreover, the angiogenic gene expression of 3T3 fibroblast was upregulated in the real-time quantitative PCR analysis, which also confirms that the incorporation of Cu-MBG into NFC matrix enhances the proangiogenic potential of the biocomposites. 27646503 8 19 theme cells 1288:1292 arg1 system 1245:1250 the 3D spheroid culture system 1221:1250 the 3D spheroid culture system of human umbilical vein endothelial cells 1221:1292 The Cu2+ released from the composite aerogel of NFC and Cu-MBG showed a profound angiogenic effect in the 3D spheroid culture system of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 27646503 7 20 theme 3T3 1102:1104 arg1 fibroblasts 1106:1116 3T3 fibroblasts 1102:1116 3T3 fibroblasts 1102:1116 Importantly, a critical biological level of Cu2+ below 10mg/L was suggested for the survival and growth of 3T3 fibroblasts. 27646503 5 21 from content 771:777 arg1 formulation 806:816 the composite formulation 792:816 the composite formulation 792:816 Depending on the content of Cu-MBG in the composite formulation, the composites were fabricated as membranes and aerogels. 27646503 3 22 theme body 609:612 arg1 fluids 614:619 stimulated body fluids 598:619 stimulated body fluids 598:619 High bioactivity of the Cu-MBG was confirmed in stimulated body fluids in vitro. 27646503 4 23 from glass 671:675 arg1 Cu 659:660 Cu 659:660 Cu from the glass 659:675 A controlled dissolution of Cu from the glass suggests Cu-MBG a suitable source for Cu release in wound healing dressings. 27646503 4 23 from glass 671:675 arg1 dissolution 644:654 A controlled dissolution 631:654 A controlled dissolution of Cu from the glass 631:675 A controlled dissolution of Cu from the glass suggests Cu-MBG a suitable source for Cu release in wound healing dressings. 27646503 8 24 theme spheroid 1228:1235 arg1 system 1245:1250 the 3D spheroid culture system 1221:1250 the 3D spheroid culture system of human umbilical vein endothelial cells 1221:1292 The Cu2+ released from the composite aerogel of NFC and Cu-MBG showed a profound angiogenic effect in the 3D spheroid culture system of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 27646503 0 25 from Biocompatibility 93:108 arg1 application 160:170 chronic wound healing application 138:170 chronic wound healing application 138:170 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: Biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application. 27646503 10 26 theme coli 1637:1640 arg1 growth 1624:1629 the growth 1620:1629 the growth of E. coli 1620:1640 In addition, composites of NFC and Cu-MBG also showed an inhibiting effect on the growth of E. coli. 27646503 11 27 theme mesoporous 1851:1860 arg1 glass 1872:1876 Cu-containing mesoporous bioactive glass 1837:1876 Cu-containing mesoporous bioactive glass 1837:1876 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE To address an urgent need in clinics on developing a new generation of therapeutic dressings with advanced functionalities, this study has exploited the utilization of Cu-containing mesoporous bioactive glass in the nanocellulose matrix to release Cu2+ as therapeutic ions for its angiogenic effect on promoting wound healing. 27646503 15 28 theme manuscript 2530:2539 arg1 title 2541:2545 our manuscript title 2526:2545 our manuscript title with 'Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application' 2526:2724 I think that our manuscript title with 'Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application' will make its own contribution on understanding the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia. 27646503 1 29 theme cellulose 264:272 arg1 material 318:325 potential dressing material 299:325 potential dressing material for chronic wound healing 299:351 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) were designated as potential dressing material for chronic wound healing. 27646503 1 29 theme cellulose 264:272 arg1 Cu-MBG 236:241 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) 190:242 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) 190:242 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) were designated as potential dressing material for chronic wound healing. 27646503 1 29 theme cellulose 264:272 arg1 Biocomposites 173:185 Biocomposites 173:185 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) 173:278 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) were designated as potential dressing material for chronic wound healing. 27646503 1 29 theme cellulose 264:272 arg1 cellulose 264:272 nanofibrillated cellulose 248:272 nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) 248:278 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) were designated as potential dressing material for chronic wound healing. 27646503 12 30 theme 2D 2131:2132 arg1 studies 2143:2149 2D cellular studies 2131:2149 2D cellular studies 2131:2149 This manuscript reports research work on biomaterial design, fabrication development, material characterizations and bioassessments in 2D cellular studies. 27646503 11 31 theme wound 1981:1985 arg1 healing 1987:1993 wound healing 1981:1993 wound healing 1981:1993 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE To address an urgent need in clinics on developing a new generation of therapeutic dressings with advanced functionalities, this study has exploited the utilization of Cu-containing mesoporous bioactive glass in the nanocellulose matrix to release Cu2+ as therapeutic ions for its angiogenic effect on promoting wound healing. 27646503 7 32 theme Cu2+ 1039:1042 arg1 level 1030:1034 a critical biological level 1008:1034 a critical biological level of Cu2+ below 10mg/L 1008:1055 Importantly, a critical biological level of Cu2+ below 10mg/L was suggested for the survival and growth of 3T3 fibroblasts. 27646503 6 33 theme 3T3 968:970 arg1 fibroblasts 972:982 3T3 fibroblasts 968:982 3T3 fibroblasts 968:982 In biocompatibility assessment of the composites, a dose-dependent cytotoxicity of Cu2+ on 3T3 fibroblasts was found. 27646503 13 34 attach derived 2177:2183 arg1 resource 2199:2206 the wood resource 2190:2206 the wood resource in biomedical applications 2190:2233 To utilize nanocellulose derived from the wood resource in biomedical applications is of great significance, due to its vast availability and bioeconomy competence. 27646503 13 34 attach derived 2177:2183 arg2 nanocellulose 2163:2175 nanocellulose 2163:2175 nanocellulose derived from the wood resource in biomedical applications 2163:2233 To utilize nanocellulose derived from the wood resource in biomedical applications is of great significance, due to its vast availability and bioeconomy competence. 27646503 15 35 from effects 2786:2792 arg1 events 2828:2833 wound-healing-relevant events 2805:2833 wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia 2805:2880 I think that our manuscript title with 'Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application' will make its own contribution on understanding the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia. 27646503 14 36 theme wound 2401:2405 arg1 healing 2407:2413 wound healing 2401:2413 wound healing 2401:2413 The use of Cu-containing bioactive glass in tissue engineering scaffolds, including wound healing, is an intriguing research topic, which has been recently discussed in the field of biomaterials. 27646503 11 37 theme therapeutic 1740:1750 arg1 dressings 1752:1760 therapeutic dressings 1740:1760 therapeutic dressings with advanced functionalities 1740:1790 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE To address an urgent need in clinics on developing a new generation of therapeutic dressings with advanced functionalities, this study has exploited the utilization of Cu-containing mesoporous bioactive glass in the nanocellulose matrix to release Cu2+ as therapeutic ions for its angiogenic effect on promoting wound healing. 27646503 0 38 theme cellulose 82:90 arg1 Biocompatibility 93:108 Biocompatibility 93:108 Biocompatibility 93:108 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: Biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application. 27646503 0 38 theme cellulose 82:90 arg1 promotion 125:133 angiogenic promotion 114:133 angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application 114:170 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: Biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application. 27646503 0 38 theme cellulose 82:90 arg1 Biocomposites 0:12 Biocomposites 0:12 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: Biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application. 0:171 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: Biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application. 27646503 0 38 theme cellulose 82:90 arg1 cellulose 82:90 nanofibrillated cellulose 66:90 nanofibrillated cellulose 66:90 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: Biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application. 27646503 0 38 theme cellulose 82:90 arg1 glass 56:60 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass 17:60 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass 17:60 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: Biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application. 27646503 13 39 theme biomedical 2211:2220 arg1 applications 2222:2233 biomedical applications 2211:2233 biomedical applications 2211:2233 To utilize nanocellulose derived from the wood resource in biomedical applications is of great significance, due to its vast availability and bioeconomy competence. 27646503 7 40 theme critical 1010:1017 arg1 level 1030:1034 a critical biological level 1008:1034 a critical biological level of Cu2+ below 10mg/L 1008:1055 Importantly, a critical biological level of Cu2+ below 10mg/L was suggested for the survival and growth of 3T3 fibroblasts. 27646503 2 41 theme N2 532:533 arg1 physisorption 535:547 N2 physisorption 532:547 N2 physisorption 532:547 The phase composition and mesoporous micro-structure of the synthesized Cu-MBGs were elaborately characterized by combining several techniques, including TEM, SEM, XRD, SXAS and N2 physisorption. 27646503 4 42 theme wound 729:733 arg1 healing 735:741 wound healing 729:741 wound healing dressings 729:751 A controlled dissolution of Cu from the glass suggests Cu-MBG a suitable source for Cu release in wound healing dressings. 27646503 14 43 theme engineering 2368:2378 arg1 scaffolds 2380:2388 tissue engineering scaffolds 2361:2388 tissue engineering scaffolds 2361:2388 The use of Cu-containing bioactive glass in tissue engineering scaffolds, including wound healing, is an intriguing research topic, which has been recently discussed in the field of biomaterials. 27646503 14 43 theme engineering 2368:2378 arg1 healing 2407:2413 wound healing 2401:2413 wound healing 2401:2413 The use of Cu-containing bioactive glass in tissue engineering scaffolds, including wound healing, is an intriguing research topic, which has been recently discussed in the field of biomaterials. 27646503 4 44 from dissolution 644:654 arg1 glass 671:675 the glass 667:675 the glass 667:675 A controlled dissolution of Cu from the glass suggests Cu-MBG a suitable source for Cu release in wound healing dressings. 27646503 9 45 theme angiogenic 1309:1318 arg1 expression 1325:1334 the angiogenic gene expression 1305:1334 the angiogenic gene expression of 3T3 fibroblast 1305:1352 Moreover, the angiogenic gene expression of 3T3 fibroblast was upregulated in the real-time quantitative PCR analysis, which also confirms that the incorporation of Cu-MBG into NFC matrix enhances the proangiogenic potential of the biocomposites. 27646503 15 46 theme bioactive 2599:2607 arg1 glass 2609:2613 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass 2570:2613 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass 2570:2613 I think that our manuscript title with 'Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application' will make its own contribution on understanding the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia. 27646503 1 47 theme mesoporous 208:217 arg1 Cu-MBG 236:241 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) 190:242 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) 190:242 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) were designated as potential dressing material for chronic wound healing. 27646503 0 48 theme angiogenic 114:123 arg1 promotion 125:133 angiogenic promotion 114:133 angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application 114:170 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: Biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application. 27646503 0 48 theme angiogenic 114:123 arg1 Biocomposites 0:12 Biocomposites 0:12 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: Biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application. 0:171 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: Biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application. 27646503 0 48 theme angiogenic 114:123 arg1 cellulose 82:90 nanofibrillated cellulose 66:90 nanofibrillated cellulose 66:90 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: Biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application. 27646503 0 48 theme angiogenic 114:123 arg1 glass 56:60 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass 17:60 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass 17:60 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: Biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application. 27646503 15 49 theme copper-containing 2570:2586 arg1 glass 2609:2613 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass 2570:2613 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass 2570:2613 I think that our manuscript title with 'Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application' will make its own contribution on understanding the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia. 27646503 15 50 with title 2541:2545 arg1 Biocomposites 2553:2565 Biocomposites 2553:2565 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application 2553:2723 I think that our manuscript title with 'Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application' will make its own contribution on understanding the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia. 27646503 15 50 with title 2541:2545 arg1 cellulose 2635:2643 nanofibrillated cellulose 2619:2643 nanofibrillated cellulose 2619:2643 I think that our manuscript title with 'Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application' will make its own contribution on understanding the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia. 27646503 15 50 with title 2541:2545 arg1 glass 2609:2613 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass 2570:2613 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass 2570:2613 I think that our manuscript title with 'Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application' will make its own contribution on understanding the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia. 27646503 15 50 with title 2541:2545 arg1 biocompatibility 2646:2661 biocompatibility 2646:2661 biocompatibility 2646:2661 I think that our manuscript title with 'Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application' will make its own contribution on understanding the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia. 27646503 15 50 with title 2541:2545 arg1 promotion 2678:2686 angiogenic promotion 2667:2686 angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing 2667:2711 I think that our manuscript title with 'Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application' will make its own contribution on understanding the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia. 27646503 14 51 theme bioactive 2342:2350 arg1 glass 2352:2356 Cu-containing bioactive glass 2328:2356 Cu-containing bioactive glass 2328:2356 The use of Cu-containing bioactive glass in tissue engineering scaffolds, including wound healing, is an intriguing research topic, which has been recently discussed in the field of biomaterials. 27646503 15 52 theme own 2740:2742 arg1 contribution 2744:2755 its own contribution 2736:2755 its own contribution on understanding the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia 2736:2880 I think that our manuscript title with 'Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application' will make its own contribution on understanding the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia. 27646503 9 53 theme 3T3 1339:1341 arg1 fibroblast 1343:1352 3T3 fibroblast 1339:1352 3T3 fibroblast 1339:1352 Moreover, the angiogenic gene expression of 3T3 fibroblast was upregulated in the real-time quantitative PCR analysis, which also confirms that the incorporation of Cu-MBG into NFC matrix enhances the proangiogenic potential of the biocomposites. 27646503 13 54 theme bioeconomy 2294:2303 arg1 competence 2305:2314 bioeconomy competence 2294:2314 bioeconomy competence 2294:2314 To utilize nanocellulose derived from the wood resource in biomedical applications is of great significance, due to its vast availability and bioeconomy competence. 27646503 15 55 theme complex 2778:2784 arg1 effects 2786:2792 the complex effects 2774:2792 the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia 2774:2880 I think that our manuscript title with 'Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application' will make its own contribution on understanding the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia. 27646503 15 56 from biocompatibility 2646:2661 arg1 healing 2705:2711 chronic wound healing 2691:2711 chronic wound healing 2691:2711 I think that our manuscript title with 'Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application' will make its own contribution on understanding the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia. 27646503 13 57 theme vast 2272:2275 arg1 availability 2277:2288 its vast availability 2268:2288 its vast availability 2268:2288 To utilize nanocellulose derived from the wood resource in biomedical applications is of great significance, due to its vast availability and bioeconomy competence. 27646503 0 58 theme copper-containing 17:33 arg1 glass 56:60 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass 17:60 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass 17:60 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: Biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application. 27646503 1 59 theme chronic 331:337 arg1 healing 345:351 chronic wound healing 331:351 chronic wound healing 331:351 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) were designated as potential dressing material for chronic wound healing. 27646503 13 60 from resource 2199:2206 arg1 applications 2222:2233 biomedical applications 2211:2233 biomedical applications 2211:2233 To utilize nanocellulose derived from the wood resource in biomedical applications is of great significance, due to its vast availability and bioeconomy competence. 27646503 2 61 theme several 478:484 arg1 TEM 508:510 TEM 508:510 TEM 508:510 The phase composition and mesoporous micro-structure of the synthesized Cu-MBGs were elaborately characterized by combining several techniques, including TEM, SEM, XRD, SXAS and N2 physisorption. 27646503 2 61 theme several 478:484 arg1 SEM 513:515 SEM 513:515 SEM 513:515 The phase composition and mesoporous micro-structure of the synthesized Cu-MBGs were elaborately characterized by combining several techniques, including TEM, SEM, XRD, SXAS and N2 physisorption. 27646503 2 61 theme several 478:484 arg1 physisorption 535:547 N2 physisorption 532:547 N2 physisorption 532:547 The phase composition and mesoporous micro-structure of the synthesized Cu-MBGs were elaborately characterized by combining several techniques, including TEM, SEM, XRD, SXAS and N2 physisorption. 27646503 2 61 theme several 478:484 arg1 techniques 486:495 several techniques 478:495 several techniques 478:495 The phase composition and mesoporous micro-structure of the synthesized Cu-MBGs were elaborately characterized by combining several techniques, including TEM, SEM, XRD, SXAS and N2 physisorption. 27646503 2 61 theme several 478:484 arg1 XRD 518:520 XRD 518:520 XRD 518:520 The phase composition and mesoporous micro-structure of the synthesized Cu-MBGs were elaborately characterized by combining several techniques, including TEM, SEM, XRD, SXAS and N2 physisorption. 27646503 2 61 theme several 478:484 arg1 SXAS 523:526 SXAS 523:526 SXAS 523:526 The phase composition and mesoporous micro-structure of the synthesized Cu-MBGs were elaborately characterized by combining several techniques, including TEM, SEM, XRD, SXAS and N2 physisorption. 27646503 8 62 theme human 1255:1259 arg1 cells 1288:1292 human umbilical vein endothelial cells 1255:1292 human umbilical vein endothelial cells 1255:1292 The Cu2+ released from the composite aerogel of NFC and Cu-MBG showed a profound angiogenic effect in the 3D spheroid culture system of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 27646503 9 63 theme real-time 1377:1385 arg1 analysis 1404:1411 the real-time quantitative PCR analysis 1373:1411 the real-time quantitative PCR analysis 1373:1411 Moreover, the angiogenic gene expression of 3T3 fibroblast was upregulated in the real-time quantitative PCR analysis, which also confirms that the incorporation of Cu-MBG into NFC matrix enhances the proangiogenic potential of the biocomposites. 27646503 0 64 theme bioactive 46:54 arg1 glass 56:60 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass 17:60 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass 17:60 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: Biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application. 27646503 15 65 theme Cu2+ 2797:2800 arg1 effects 2786:2792 the complex effects 2774:2792 the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia 2774:2880 I think that our manuscript title with 'Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application' will make its own contribution on understanding the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia. 27646503 9 66 theme PCR 1400:1402 arg1 analysis 1404:1411 the real-time quantitative PCR analysis 1373:1411 the real-time quantitative PCR analysis 1373:1411 Moreover, the angiogenic gene expression of 3T3 fibroblast was upregulated in the real-time quantitative PCR analysis, which also confirms that the incorporation of Cu-MBG into NFC matrix enhances the proangiogenic potential of the biocomposites. 27646503 11 67 theme glass 1872:1876 arg1 utilization 1822:1832 the utilization 1818:1832 the utilization of Cu-containing mesoporous bioactive glass in the nanocellulose matrix 1818:1904 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE To address an urgent need in clinics on developing a new generation of therapeutic dressings with advanced functionalities, this study has exploited the utilization of Cu-containing mesoporous bioactive glass in the nanocellulose matrix to release Cu2+ as therapeutic ions for its angiogenic effect on promoting wound healing. 27646503 12 68 theme material 2082:2089 arg1 characterizations 2091:2107 material characterizations 2082:2107 material characterizations 2082:2107 This manuscript reports research work on biomaterial design, fabrication development, material characterizations and bioassessments in 2D cellular studies. 27646503 10 69 theme Cu-MBG 1577:1582 arg1 Cu-MBG 1577:1582 Cu-MBG 1577:1582 Cu-MBG 1577:1582 In addition, composites of NFC and Cu-MBG also showed an inhibiting effect on the growth of E. coli. 27646503 10 69 theme Cu-MBG 1577:1582 arg1 NFC 1569:1571 NFC 1569:1571 NFC 1569:1571 In addition, composites of NFC and Cu-MBG also showed an inhibiting effect on the growth of E. coli. 27646503 10 69 theme Cu-MBG 1577:1582 arg1 composites 1555:1564 composites 1555:1564 composites of NFC and Cu-MBG 1555:1582 In addition, composites of NFC and Cu-MBG also showed an inhibiting effect on the growth of E. coli. 27646503 11 70 theme new 1722:1724 arg1 generation 1726:1735 a new generation 1720:1735 a new generation of therapeutic dressings with advanced functionalities 1720:1790 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE To address an urgent need in clinics on developing a new generation of therapeutic dressings with advanced functionalities, this study has exploited the utilization of Cu-containing mesoporous bioactive glass in the nanocellulose matrix to release Cu2+ as therapeutic ions for its angiogenic effect on promoting wound healing. 27646503 2 71 theme Cu-MBGs 426:432 arg1 composition 364:374 phase composition 358:374 phase composition 358:374 The phase composition and mesoporous micro-structure of the synthesized Cu-MBGs were elaborately characterized by combining several techniques, including TEM, SEM, XRD, SXAS and N2 physisorption. 27646503 2 71 theme Cu-MBGs 426:432 arg1 micro-structure 391:405 mesoporous micro-structure 380:405 mesoporous micro-structure 380:405 The phase composition and mesoporous micro-structure of the synthesized Cu-MBGs were elaborately characterized by combining several techniques, including TEM, SEM, XRD, SXAS and N2 physisorption. 27646503 13 72 theme great 2241:2245 arg1 significance 2247:2258 great significance 2241:2258 great significance 2241:2258 To utilize nanocellulose derived from the wood resource in biomedical applications is of great significance, due to its vast availability and bioeconomy competence. 27646503 0 73 dep Biocomposites 0:12 arg1 Biocompatibility 93:108 Biocompatibility 93:108 Biocompatibility 93:108 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: Biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application. 27646503 0 73 dep Biocomposites 0:12 arg1 promotion 125:133 angiogenic promotion 114:133 angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application 114:170 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: Biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application. 27646503 0 73 dep Biocomposites 0:12 arg1 Biocomposites 0:12 Biocomposites 0:12 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: Biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application. 0:171 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: Biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application. 27646503 0 73 dep Biocomposites 0:12 arg1 cellulose 82:90 nanofibrillated cellulose 66:90 nanofibrillated cellulose 66:90 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: Biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application. 27646503 0 73 dep Biocomposites 0:12 arg1 glass 56:60 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass 17:60 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass 17:60 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: Biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application. 27646503 4 74 theme Cu 659:660 arg1 dissolution 644:654 A controlled dissolution 631:654 A controlled dissolution of Cu from the glass 631:675 A controlled dissolution of Cu from the glass suggests Cu-MBG a suitable source for Cu release in wound healing dressings. 27646503 10 75 theme NFC 1569:1571 arg1 Cu-MBG 1577:1582 Cu-MBG 1577:1582 Cu-MBG 1577:1582 In addition, composites of NFC and Cu-MBG also showed an inhibiting effect on the growth of E. coli. 27646503 10 75 theme NFC 1569:1571 arg1 NFC 1569:1571 NFC 1569:1571 NFC 1569:1571 In addition, composites of NFC and Cu-MBG also showed an inhibiting effect on the growth of E. coli. 27646503 10 75 theme NFC 1569:1571 arg1 composites 1555:1564 composites 1555:1564 composites of NFC and Cu-MBG 1555:1582 In addition, composites of NFC and Cu-MBG also showed an inhibiting effect on the growth of E. coli. 27646503 12 76 from work 2029:2032 arg1 development 2069:2079 fabrication development 2057:2079 fabrication development 2057:2079 This manuscript reports research work on biomaterial design, fabrication development, material characterizations and bioassessments in 2D cellular studies. 27646503 12 76 from work 2029:2032 arg1 bioassessments 2113:2126 bioassessments 2113:2126 bioassessments 2113:2126 This manuscript reports research work on biomaterial design, fabrication development, material characterizations and bioassessments in 2D cellular studies. 27646503 12 76 from work 2029:2032 arg1 design 2049:2054 biomaterial design 2037:2054 biomaterial design 2037:2054 This manuscript reports research work on biomaterial design, fabrication development, material characterizations and bioassessments in 2D cellular studies. 27646503 12 76 from work 2029:2032 arg1 characterizations 2091:2107 material characterizations 2082:2107 material characterizations 2082:2107 This manuscript reports research work on biomaterial design, fabrication development, material characterizations and bioassessments in 2D cellular studies. 27646503 12 76 from work 2029:2032 arg1 studies 2143:2149 2D cellular studies 2131:2149 2D cellular studies 2131:2149 This manuscript reports research work on biomaterial design, fabrication development, material characterizations and bioassessments in 2D cellular studies. 27646503 3 77 theme High 550:553 arg1 bioactivity 555:565 High bioactivity 550:565 High bioactivity of the Cu-MBG 550:579 High bioactivity of the Cu-MBG was confirmed in stimulated body fluids in vitro. 27646503 8 78 theme NFC 1167:1169 arg1 aerogel 1156:1162 the composite aerogel 1142:1162 the composite aerogel of NFC and Cu-MBG 1142:1180 The Cu2+ released from the composite aerogel of NFC and Cu-MBG showed a profound angiogenic effect in the 3D spheroid culture system of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 27646503 10 79 theme inhibiting 1599:1608 arg1 effect 1610:1615 an inhibiting effect 1596:1615 an inhibiting effect on the growth of E. coli 1596:1640 In addition, composites of NFC and Cu-MBG also showed an inhibiting effect on the growth of E. coli. 27646503 14 80 theme biomaterials 2499:2510 arg1 field 2490:2494 the field 2486:2494 the field of biomaterials 2486:2510 The use of Cu-containing bioactive glass in tissue engineering scaffolds, including wound healing, is an intriguing research topic, which has been recently discussed in the field of biomaterials. 27646503 15 81 theme nanofibrillated 2619:2633 arg1 cellulose 2635:2643 nanofibrillated cellulose 2619:2643 nanofibrillated cellulose 2619:2643 I think that our manuscript title with 'Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application' will make its own contribution on understanding the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia. 27646503 1 82 theme potential 299:307 arg1 material 318:325 potential dressing material 299:325 potential dressing material for chronic wound healing 299:351 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) were designated as potential dressing material for chronic wound healing. 27646503 1 82 theme potential 299:307 arg1 Cu-MBG 236:241 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) 190:242 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) 190:242 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) were designated as potential dressing material for chronic wound healing. 27646503 1 82 theme potential 299:307 arg1 Biocomposites 173:185 Biocomposites 173:185 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) 173:278 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) were designated as potential dressing material for chronic wound healing. 27646503 1 82 theme potential 299:307 arg1 cellulose 264:272 nanofibrillated cellulose 248:272 nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) 248:278 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) were designated as potential dressing material for chronic wound healing. 27646503 8 83 theme Cu-MBG 1175:1180 arg1 aerogel 1156:1162 the composite aerogel 1142:1162 the composite aerogel of NFC and Cu-MBG 1142:1180 The Cu2+ released from the composite aerogel of NFC and Cu-MBG showed a profound angiogenic effect in the 3D spheroid culture system of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 27646503 6 84 theme dose-dependent 929:942 arg1 cytotoxicity 944:955 a dose-dependent cytotoxicity 927:955 a dose-dependent cytotoxicity of Cu2+ on 3T3 fibroblasts 927:982 In biocompatibility assessment of the composites, a dose-dependent cytotoxicity of Cu2+ on 3T3 fibroblasts was found. 27646503 14 85 theme research 2433:2440 arg1 topic 2442:2446 an intriguing research topic 2419:2446 an intriguing research topic 2419:2446 The use of Cu-containing bioactive glass in tissue engineering scaffolds, including wound healing, is an intriguing research topic, which has been recently discussed in the field of biomaterials. 27646503 14 85 theme research 2433:2440 arg1 use 2321:2323 The use 2317:2323 The use of Cu-containing bioactive glass in tissue engineering scaffolds, including wound healing, 2317:2414 The use of Cu-containing bioactive glass in tissue engineering scaffolds, including wound healing, is an intriguing research topic, which has been recently discussed in the field of biomaterials. 27646503 3 86 theme Cu-MBG 574:579 arg1 bioactivity 555:565 High bioactivity 550:565 High bioactivity of the Cu-MBG 550:579 High bioactivity of the Cu-MBG was confirmed in stimulated body fluids in vitro. 27646503 1 87 theme bioactive 219:227 arg1 Cu-MBG 236:241 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) 190:242 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) 190:242 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) were designated as potential dressing material for chronic wound healing. 27646503 12 88 theme biomaterial 2037:2047 arg1 design 2049:2054 biomaterial design 2037:2054 biomaterial design 2037:2054 This manuscript reports research work on biomaterial design, fabrication development, material characterizations and bioassessments in 2D cellular studies. 27646503 5 89 theme composite 796:804 arg1 formulation 806:816 the composite formulation 792:816 the composite formulation 792:816 Depending on the content of Cu-MBG in the composite formulation, the composites were fabricated as membranes and aerogels. 27646503 7 90 theme fibroblasts 1106:1116 arg1 growth 1092:1097 growth 1092:1097 growth 1092:1097 Importantly, a critical biological level of Cu2+ below 10mg/L was suggested for the survival and growth of 3T3 fibroblasts. 27646503 7 90 theme fibroblasts 1106:1116 arg1 survival 1079:1086 survival 1079:1086 survival 1079:1086 Importantly, a critical biological level of Cu2+ below 10mg/L was suggested for the survival and growth of 3T3 fibroblasts. 27646503 2 91 theme phase 358:362 arg1 composition 364:374 phase composition 358:374 phase composition 358:374 The phase composition and mesoporous micro-structure of the synthesized Cu-MBGs were elaborately characterized by combining several techniques, including TEM, SEM, XRD, SXAS and N2 physisorption. 27646503 9 92 theme NFC 1472:1474 arg1 matrix 1476:1481 NFC matrix 1472:1481 NFC matrix 1472:1481 Moreover, the angiogenic gene expression of 3T3 fibroblast was upregulated in the real-time quantitative PCR analysis, which also confirms that the incorporation of Cu-MBG into NFC matrix enhances the proangiogenic potential of the biocomposites. 27646503 8 93 theme angiogenic 1200:1209 arg1 effect 1211:1216 a profound angiogenic effect 1189:1216 a profound angiogenic effect 1189:1216 The Cu2+ released from the composite aerogel of NFC and Cu-MBG showed a profound angiogenic effect in the 3D spheroid culture system of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 27646503 11 94 from utilization 1822:1832 arg1 matrix 1899:1904 the nanocellulose matrix 1881:1904 the nanocellulose matrix 1881:1904 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE To address an urgent need in clinics on developing a new generation of therapeutic dressings with advanced functionalities, this study has exploited the utilization of Cu-containing mesoporous bioactive glass in the nanocellulose matrix to release Cu2+ as therapeutic ions for its angiogenic effect on promoting wound healing. 27646503 8 95 theme umbilical 1261:1269 arg1 cells 1288:1292 human umbilical vein endothelial cells 1255:1292 human umbilical vein endothelial cells 1255:1292 The Cu2+ released from the composite aerogel of NFC and Cu-MBG showed a profound angiogenic effect in the 3D spheroid culture system of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 27646503 0 96 theme healing 152:158 arg1 application 160:170 chronic wound healing application 138:170 chronic wound healing application 138:170 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: Biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application. 27646503 3 97 theme stimulated 598:607 arg1 fluids 614:619 stimulated body fluids 598:619 stimulated body fluids 598:619 High bioactivity of the Cu-MBG was confirmed in stimulated body fluids in vitro. 27646503 8 98 theme endothelial 1276:1286 arg1 cells 1288:1292 human umbilical vein endothelial cells 1255:1292 human umbilical vein endothelial cells 1255:1292 The Cu2+ released from the composite aerogel of NFC and Cu-MBG showed a profound angiogenic effect in the 3D spheroid culture system of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 27646503 11 99 theme nanocellulose 1885:1897 arg1 matrix 1899:1904 the nanocellulose matrix 1881:1904 the nanocellulose matrix 1881:1904 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE To address an urgent need in clinics on developing a new generation of therapeutic dressings with advanced functionalities, this study has exploited the utilization of Cu-containing mesoporous bioactive glass in the nanocellulose matrix to release Cu2+ as therapeutic ions for its angiogenic effect on promoting wound healing. 27646503 15 100 dep Biocomposites 2553:2565 arg1 Biocomposites 2553:2565 Biocomposites 2553:2565 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application 2553:2723 I think that our manuscript title with 'Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application' will make its own contribution on understanding the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia. 27646503 15 100 dep Biocomposites 2553:2565 arg1 cellulose 2635:2643 nanofibrillated cellulose 2619:2643 nanofibrillated cellulose 2619:2643 I think that our manuscript title with 'Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application' will make its own contribution on understanding the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia. 27646503 15 100 dep Biocomposites 2553:2565 arg1 glass 2609:2613 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass 2570:2613 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass 2570:2613 I think that our manuscript title with 'Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application' will make its own contribution on understanding the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia. 27646503 15 100 dep Biocomposites 2553:2565 arg1 biocompatibility 2646:2661 biocompatibility 2646:2661 biocompatibility 2646:2661 I think that our manuscript title with 'Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application' will make its own contribution on understanding the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia. 27646503 15 100 dep Biocomposites 2553:2565 arg1 promotion 2678:2686 angiogenic promotion 2667:2686 angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing 2667:2711 I think that our manuscript title with 'Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application' will make its own contribution on understanding the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia. 27646503 15 101 theme chronic 2691:2697 arg1 healing 2705:2711 chronic wound healing 2691:2711 chronic wound healing 2691:2711 I think that our manuscript title with 'Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application' will make its own contribution on understanding the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia. 27646503 1 102 theme nanofibrillated 248:262 arg1 NFC 275:277 NFC 275:277 NFC 275:277 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) were designated as potential dressing material for chronic wound healing. 27646503 1 102 theme nanofibrillated 248:262 arg1 cellulose 264:272 nanofibrillated cellulose 248:272 nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) 248:278 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) were designated as potential dressing material for chronic wound healing. 27646503 8 103 theme 3D 1225:1226 arg1 system 1245:1250 the 3D spheroid culture system 1221:1250 the 3D spheroid culture system of human umbilical vein endothelial cells 1221:1292 The Cu2+ released from the composite aerogel of NFC and Cu-MBG showed a profound angiogenic effect in the 3D spheroid culture system of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 27646503 11 104 theme bioactive 1862:1870 arg1 glass 1872:1876 Cu-containing mesoporous bioactive glass 1837:1876 Cu-containing mesoporous bioactive glass 1837:1876 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE To address an urgent need in clinics on developing a new generation of therapeutic dressings with advanced functionalities, this study has exploited the utilization of Cu-containing mesoporous bioactive glass in the nanocellulose matrix to release Cu2+ as therapeutic ions for its angiogenic effect on promoting wound healing. 27646503 13 105 theme wood 2194:2197 arg1 resource 2199:2206 the wood resource 2190:2206 the wood resource in biomedical applications 2190:2233 To utilize nanocellulose derived from the wood resource in biomedical applications is of great significance, due to its vast availability and bioeconomy competence. 27646503 8 106 theme culture 1237:1243 arg1 system 1245:1250 the 3D spheroid culture system 1221:1250 the 3D spheroid culture system of human umbilical vein endothelial cells 1221:1292 The Cu2+ released from the composite aerogel of NFC and Cu-MBG showed a profound angiogenic effect in the 3D spheroid culture system of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 27646503 4 107 theme healing 735:741 arg1 dressings 743:751 wound healing dressings 729:751 wound healing dressings 729:751 A controlled dissolution of Cu from the glass suggests Cu-MBG a suitable source for Cu release in wound healing dressings. 27646503 11 108 theme Cu-containing 1837:1849 arg1 glass 1872:1876 Cu-containing mesoporous bioactive glass 1837:1876 Cu-containing mesoporous bioactive glass 1837:1876 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE To address an urgent need in clinics on developing a new generation of therapeutic dressings with advanced functionalities, this study has exploited the utilization of Cu-containing mesoporous bioactive glass in the nanocellulose matrix to release Cu2+ as therapeutic ions for its angiogenic effect on promoting wound healing. 27646503 9 109 theme biocomposites 1527:1539 arg1 potential 1510:1518 the proangiogenic potential 1492:1518 the proangiogenic potential of the biocomposites 1492:1539 Moreover, the angiogenic gene expression of 3T3 fibroblast was upregulated in the real-time quantitative PCR analysis, which also confirms that the incorporation of Cu-MBG into NFC matrix enhances the proangiogenic potential of the biocomposites. 27646503 0 110 from promotion 125:133 arg1 application 160:170 chronic wound healing application 138:170 chronic wound healing application 138:170 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: Biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application. 27646503 12 111 theme cellular 2134:2141 arg1 studies 2143:2149 2D cellular studies 2131:2149 2D cellular studies 2131:2149 This manuscript reports research work on biomaterial design, fabrication development, material characterizations and bioassessments in 2D cellular studies. 27646503 11 112 theme advanced 1767:1774 arg1 functionalities 1776:1790 advanced functionalities 1767:1790 advanced functionalities 1767:1790 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE To address an urgent need in clinics on developing a new generation of therapeutic dressings with advanced functionalities, this study has exploited the utilization of Cu-containing mesoporous bioactive glass in the nanocellulose matrix to release Cu2+ as therapeutic ions for its angiogenic effect on promoting wound healing. 27646503 5 113 theme Cu-MBG 782:787 arg1 content 771:777 the content 767:777 the content of Cu-MBG in the composite formulation 767:816 Depending on the content of Cu-MBG in the composite formulation, the composites were fabricated as membranes and aerogels. 27646503 11 114 with dressings 1752:1760 arg1 functionalities 1776:1790 advanced functionalities 1767:1790 advanced functionalities 1767:1790 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE To address an urgent need in clinics on developing a new generation of therapeutic dressings with advanced functionalities, this study has exploited the utilization of Cu-containing mesoporous bioactive glass in the nanocellulose matrix to release Cu2+ as therapeutic ions for its angiogenic effect on promoting wound healing. 27646503 4 115 theme Cu 715:716 arg1 release 718:724 Cu release 715:724 Cu release in wound healing dressings 715:751 A controlled dissolution of Cu from the glass suggests Cu-MBG a suitable source for Cu release in wound healing dressings. 27646503 11 116 theme dressings 1752:1760 arg1 generation 1726:1735 a new generation 1720:1735 a new generation of therapeutic dressings with advanced functionalities 1720:1790 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE To address an urgent need in clinics on developing a new generation of therapeutic dressings with advanced functionalities, this study has exploited the utilization of Cu-containing mesoporous bioactive glass in the nanocellulose matrix to release Cu2+ as therapeutic ions for its angiogenic effect on promoting wound healing. 27646503 7 117 theme biological 1019:1028 arg1 level 1030:1034 a critical biological level 1008:1034 a critical biological level of Cu2+ below 10mg/L 1008:1055 Importantly, a critical biological level of Cu2+ below 10mg/L was suggested for the survival and growth of 3T3 fibroblasts. 27646503 1 118 theme copper-containing 190:206 arg1 Cu-MBG 236:241 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) 190:242 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) 190:242 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) were designated as potential dressing material for chronic wound healing. 27646503 0 119 theme wound 146:150 arg1 healing 152:158 chronic wound healing 138:158 chronic wound healing application 138:170 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: Biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application. 27646503 14 120 theme tissue 2361:2366 arg1 scaffolds 2380:2388 tissue engineering scaffolds 2361:2388 tissue engineering scaffolds 2361:2388 The use of Cu-containing bioactive glass in tissue engineering scaffolds, including wound healing, is an intriguing research topic, which has been recently discussed in the field of biomaterials. 27646503 14 120 theme tissue 2361:2366 arg1 healing 2407:2413 wound healing 2401:2413 wound healing 2401:2413 The use of Cu-containing bioactive glass in tissue engineering scaffolds, including wound healing, is an intriguing research topic, which has been recently discussed in the field of biomaterials. 27646503 9 121 theme gene 1320:1323 arg1 expression 1325:1334 the angiogenic gene expression 1305:1334 the angiogenic gene expression of 3T3 fibroblast 1305:1352 Moreover, the angiogenic gene expression of 3T3 fibroblast was upregulated in the real-time quantitative PCR analysis, which also confirms that the incorporation of Cu-MBG into NFC matrix enhances the proangiogenic potential of the biocomposites. 27646503 15 122 theme glass 2609:2613 arg1 Biocomposites 2553:2565 Biocomposites 2553:2565 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application 2553:2723 I think that our manuscript title with 'Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application' will make its own contribution on understanding the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia. 27646503 15 122 theme glass 2609:2613 arg1 cellulose 2635:2643 nanofibrillated cellulose 2619:2643 nanofibrillated cellulose 2619:2643 I think that our manuscript title with 'Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application' will make its own contribution on understanding the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia. 27646503 15 122 theme glass 2609:2613 arg1 glass 2609:2613 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass 2570:2613 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass 2570:2613 I think that our manuscript title with 'Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application' will make its own contribution on understanding the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia. 27646503 15 122 theme glass 2609:2613 arg1 biocompatibility 2646:2661 biocompatibility 2646:2661 biocompatibility 2646:2661 I think that our manuscript title with 'Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application' will make its own contribution on understanding the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia. 27646503 15 122 theme glass 2609:2613 arg1 promotion 2678:2686 angiogenic promotion 2667:2686 angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing 2667:2711 I think that our manuscript title with 'Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application' will make its own contribution on understanding the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia. 27646503 14 123 theme glass 2352:2356 arg1 topic 2442:2446 an intriguing research topic 2419:2446 an intriguing research topic 2419:2446 The use of Cu-containing bioactive glass in tissue engineering scaffolds, including wound healing, is an intriguing research topic, which has been recently discussed in the field of biomaterials. 27646503 14 123 theme glass 2352:2356 arg1 use 2321:2323 The use 2317:2323 The use of Cu-containing bioactive glass in tissue engineering scaffolds, including wound healing, 2317:2414 The use of Cu-containing bioactive glass in tissue engineering scaffolds, including wound healing, is an intriguing research topic, which has been recently discussed in the field of biomaterials. 27646503 0 124 theme chronic 138:144 arg1 healing 152:158 chronic wound healing 138:158 chronic wound healing application 138:170 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: Biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application. 27646503 15 125 theme mesoporous 2588:2597 arg1 glass 2609:2613 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass 2570:2613 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass 2570:2613 I think that our manuscript title with 'Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application' will make its own contribution on understanding the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia. 27646503 15 126 theme wound-healing-relevant 2805:2826 arg1 events 2828:2833 wound-healing-relevant events 2805:2833 wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia 2805:2880 I think that our manuscript title with 'Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application' will make its own contribution on understanding the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia. 27646503 14 127 theme Cu-containing 2328:2340 arg1 glass 2352:2356 Cu-containing bioactive glass 2328:2356 Cu-containing bioactive glass 2328:2356 The use of Cu-containing bioactive glass in tissue engineering scaffolds, including wound healing, is an intriguing research topic, which has been recently discussed in the field of biomaterials. 27646503 15 128 theme acceptable 2840:2849 arg1 novelty 2851:2857 acceptable novelty 2840:2857 acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia 2840:2880 I think that our manuscript title with 'Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application' will make its own contribution on understanding the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia. 27646503 9 129 theme fibroblast 1343:1352 arg1 expression 1325:1334 the angiogenic gene expression 1305:1334 the angiogenic gene expression of 3T3 fibroblast 1305:1352 Moreover, the angiogenic gene expression of 3T3 fibroblast was upregulated in the real-time quantitative PCR analysis, which also confirms that the incorporation of Cu-MBG into NFC matrix enhances the proangiogenic potential of the biocomposites. 27646503 2 130 dep composition 364:374 arg1 The 354:356 The 354:356 The 354:356 The phase composition and mesoporous micro-structure of the synthesized Cu-MBGs were elaborately characterized by combining several techniques, including TEM, SEM, XRD, SXAS and N2 physisorption. 27646503 11 131 theme therapeutic 1925:1935 arg1 ions 1937:1940 therapeutic ions 1925:1940 therapeutic ions for its angiogenic effect on promoting wound healing 1925:1993 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE To address an urgent need in clinics on developing a new generation of therapeutic dressings with advanced functionalities, this study has exploited the utilization of Cu-containing mesoporous bioactive glass in the nanocellulose matrix to release Cu2+ as therapeutic ions for its angiogenic effect on promoting wound healing. 27646503 11 131 theme therapeutic 1925:1935 arg1 Cu2+ 1917:1920 Cu2+ 1917:1920 Cu2+ 1917:1920 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE To address an urgent need in clinics on developing a new generation of therapeutic dressings with advanced functionalities, this study has exploited the utilization of Cu-containing mesoporous bioactive glass in the nanocellulose matrix to release Cu2+ as therapeutic ions for its angiogenic effect on promoting wound healing. 27646503 0 132 theme mesoporous 35:44 arg1 glass 56:60 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass 17:60 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass 17:60 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: Biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application. 27646503 11 133 from need 1690:1693 arg1 clinics 1698:1704 clinics 1698:1704 clinics 1698:1704 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE To address an urgent need in clinics on developing a new generation of therapeutic dressings with advanced functionalities, this study has exploited the utilization of Cu-containing mesoporous bioactive glass in the nanocellulose matrix to release Cu2+ as therapeutic ions for its angiogenic effect on promoting wound healing. 27646503 15 134 from promotion 2678:2686 arg1 healing 2705:2711 chronic wound healing 2691:2711 chronic wound healing 2691:2711 I think that our manuscript title with 'Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application' will make its own contribution on understanding the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia. 27646503 0 135 theme glass 56:60 arg1 Biocompatibility 93:108 Biocompatibility 93:108 Biocompatibility 93:108 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: Biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application. 27646503 0 135 theme glass 56:60 arg1 promotion 125:133 angiogenic promotion 114:133 angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application 114:170 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: Biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application. 27646503 0 135 theme glass 56:60 arg1 Biocomposites 0:12 Biocomposites 0:12 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: Biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application. 0:171 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: Biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application. 27646503 0 135 theme glass 56:60 arg1 cellulose 82:90 nanofibrillated cellulose 66:90 nanofibrillated cellulose 66:90 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: Biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application. 27646503 0 135 theme glass 56:60 arg1 glass 56:60 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass 17:60 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass 17:60 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: Biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application. 27646503 1 136 theme wound 339:343 arg1 healing 345:351 chronic wound healing 331:351 chronic wound healing 331:351 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) were designated as potential dressing material for chronic wound healing. 27646503 9 137 theme proangiogenic 1496:1508 arg1 potential 1510:1518 the proangiogenic potential 1492:1518 the proangiogenic potential of the biocomposites 1492:1539 Moreover, the angiogenic gene expression of 3T3 fibroblast was upregulated in the real-time quantitative PCR analysis, which also confirms that the incorporation of Cu-MBG into NFC matrix enhances the proangiogenic potential of the biocomposites. 27646503 14 138 from use 2321:2323 arg1 scaffolds 2380:2388 tissue engineering scaffolds 2361:2388 tissue engineering scaffolds 2361:2388 The use of Cu-containing bioactive glass in tissue engineering scaffolds, including wound healing, is an intriguing research topic, which has been recently discussed in the field of biomaterials. 27646503 14 138 from use 2321:2323 arg1 healing 2407:2413 wound healing 2401:2413 wound healing 2401:2413 The use of Cu-containing bioactive glass in tissue engineering scaffolds, including wound healing, is an intriguing research topic, which has been recently discussed in the field of biomaterials. 27646503 6 139 located found 988:992 arg1 assessment 897:906 biocompatibility assessment 880:906 biocompatibility assessment of the composites 880:924 In biocompatibility assessment of the composites, a dose-dependent cytotoxicity of Cu2+ on 3T3 fibroblasts was found. 27646503 6 139 located found 988:992 arg2 cytotoxicity 944:955 a dose-dependent cytotoxicity 927:955 a dose-dependent cytotoxicity of Cu2+ on 3T3 fibroblasts 927:982 In biocompatibility assessment of the composites, a dose-dependent cytotoxicity of Cu2+ on 3T3 fibroblasts was found. 27646503 11 140 theme angiogenic 1950:1959 arg1 effect 1961:1966 its angiogenic effect 1946:1966 its angiogenic effect on promoting wound healing 1946:1993 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE To address an urgent need in clinics on developing a new generation of therapeutic dressings with advanced functionalities, this study has exploited the utilization of Cu-containing mesoporous bioactive glass in the nanocellulose matrix to release Cu2+ as therapeutic ions for its angiogenic effect on promoting wound healing. 27646503 0 141 theme nanofibrillated 66:80 arg1 cellulose 82:90 nanofibrillated cellulose 66:90 nanofibrillated cellulose 66:90 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: Biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application. 27646503 9 142 theme quantitative 1387:1398 arg1 analysis 1404:1411 the real-time quantitative PCR analysis 1373:1411 the real-time quantitative PCR analysis 1373:1411 Moreover, the angiogenic gene expression of 3T3 fibroblast was upregulated in the real-time quantitative PCR analysis, which also confirms that the incorporation of Cu-MBG into NFC matrix enhances the proangiogenic potential of the biocomposites. 27646503 6 143 theme biocompatibility 880:895 arg1 assessment 897:906 biocompatibility assessment 880:906 biocompatibility assessment of the composites 880:924 In biocompatibility assessment of the composites, a dose-dependent cytotoxicity of Cu2+ on 3T3 fibroblasts was found. 27646503 2 144 theme mesoporous 380:389 arg1 micro-structure 391:405 mesoporous micro-structure 380:405 mesoporous micro-structure 380:405 The phase composition and mesoporous micro-structure of the synthesized Cu-MBGs were elaborately characterized by combining several techniques, including TEM, SEM, XRD, SXAS and N2 physisorption. 27646503 15 145 theme angiogenic 2667:2676 arg1 Biocomposites 2553:2565 Biocomposites 2553:2565 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application 2553:2723 I think that our manuscript title with 'Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application' will make its own contribution on understanding the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia. 27646503 15 145 theme angiogenic 2667:2676 arg1 cellulose 2635:2643 nanofibrillated cellulose 2619:2643 nanofibrillated cellulose 2619:2643 I think that our manuscript title with 'Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application' will make its own contribution on understanding the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia. 27646503 15 145 theme angiogenic 2667:2676 arg1 glass 2609:2613 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass 2570:2613 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass 2570:2613 I think that our manuscript title with 'Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application' will make its own contribution on understanding the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia. 27646503 15 145 theme angiogenic 2667:2676 arg1 promotion 2678:2686 angiogenic promotion 2667:2686 angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing 2667:2711 I think that our manuscript title with 'Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application' will make its own contribution on understanding the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia. 27646503 8 146 theme composite 1146:1154 arg1 aerogel 1156:1162 the composite aerogel 1142:1162 the composite aerogel of NFC and Cu-MBG 1142:1180 The Cu2+ released from the composite aerogel of NFC and Cu-MBG showed a profound angiogenic effect in the 3D spheroid culture system of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 27646503 12 147 theme fabrication 2057:2067 arg1 development 2069:2079 fabrication development 2057:2079 fabrication development 2057:2079 This manuscript reports research work on biomaterial design, fabrication development, material characterizations and bioassessments in 2D cellular studies. 27646503 8 148 attach released 1128:1135 arg1 aerogel 1156:1162 the composite aerogel 1142:1162 the composite aerogel of NFC and Cu-MBG 1142:1180 The Cu2+ released from the composite aerogel of NFC and Cu-MBG showed a profound angiogenic effect in the 3D spheroid culture system of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 27646503 8 148 attach released 1128:1135 arg2 Cu2+ 1123:1126 The Cu2+ 1119:1126 The Cu2+ released from the composite aerogel of NFC and Cu-MBG 1119:1180 The Cu2+ released from the composite aerogel of NFC and Cu-MBG showed a profound angiogenic effect in the 3D spheroid culture system of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 27646503 6 149 from cytotoxicity 944:955 arg1 fibroblasts 972:982 3T3 fibroblasts 968:982 3T3 fibroblasts 968:982 In biocompatibility assessment of the composites, a dose-dependent cytotoxicity of Cu2+ on 3T3 fibroblasts was found. 27646503 11 150 theme SIGNIFICANCE 1656:1667 arg1 STATEMENT 1643:1651 STATEMENT 1643:1651 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE 1643:1667 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE To address an urgent need in clinics on developing a new generation of therapeutic dressings with advanced functionalities, this study has exploited the utilization of Cu-containing mesoporous bioactive glass in the nanocellulose matrix to release Cu2+ as therapeutic ions for its angiogenic effect on promoting wound healing. 27646503 2 151 theme synthesized 414:424 arg1 Cu-MBGs 426:432 the synthesized Cu-MBGs 410:432 the synthesized Cu-MBGs 410:432 The phase composition and mesoporous micro-structure of the synthesized Cu-MBGs were elaborately characterized by combining several techniques, including TEM, SEM, XRD, SXAS and N2 physisorption. 27646503 15 152 theme cellulose 2635:2643 arg1 Biocomposites 2553:2565 Biocomposites 2553:2565 Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application 2553:2723 I think that our manuscript title with 'Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application' will make its own contribution on understanding the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia. 27646503 15 152 theme cellulose 2635:2643 arg1 cellulose 2635:2643 nanofibrillated cellulose 2619:2643 nanofibrillated cellulose 2619:2643 I think that our manuscript title with 'Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application' will make its own contribution on understanding the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia. 27646503 15 152 theme cellulose 2635:2643 arg1 glass 2609:2613 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass 2570:2613 copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass 2570:2613 I think that our manuscript title with 'Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application' will make its own contribution on understanding the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia. 27646503 15 152 theme cellulose 2635:2643 arg1 biocompatibility 2646:2661 biocompatibility 2646:2661 biocompatibility 2646:2661 I think that our manuscript title with 'Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application' will make its own contribution on understanding the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia. 27646503 15 152 theme cellulose 2635:2643 arg1 promotion 2678:2686 angiogenic promotion 2667:2686 angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing 2667:2711 I think that our manuscript title with 'Biocomposites of copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose: biocompatibility and angiogenic promotion in chronic wound healing application' will make its own contribution on understanding the complex effects of Cu2+ on wound-healing-relevant events with acceptable novelty for Acta Biomaterialia. 26587736 0 0 theme stover 76:81 arg1 bioprocessing 53:65 ammonia-based bioprocessing 39:65 ammonia-based bioprocessing of maize stover 39:81 Examining the role of particle size on ammonia-based bioprocessing of maize stover. 26587736 0 1 from role 14:17 arg1 bioprocessing 53:65 ammonia-based bioprocessing 39:65 ammonia-based bioprocessing of maize stover 39:81 Examining the role of particle size on ammonia-based bioprocessing of maize stover. 26587736 4 2 dep 110°C. 768:773 arg1 carried 830:836 carried 830:836 carried out at 10% w/w solids loading 830:866 Delignification was more uniform at 110°C. Pretreated solids were washed and cellulase hydrolysis carried out at 10% w/w solids loading, with low and high enzyme loadings. 26587736 4 2 dep 110°C. 768:773 arg1 washed 798:803 washed 798:803 were washed 793:803 Delignification was more uniform at 110°C. Pretreated solids were washed and cellulase hydrolysis carried out at 10% w/w solids loading, with low and high enzyme loadings. 26587736 0 3 theme maize 70:74 arg1 stover 76:81 maize stover 70:81 maize stover 70:81 Examining the role of particle size on ammonia-based bioprocessing of maize stover. 26587736 6 4 theme unmilled 1085:1092 arg1 treatments 1094:1103 milled and unmilled treatments 1074:1103 milled and unmilled treatments 1074:1103 The differences in hydrolytic yield between milled and unmilled treatments were found to vary with pretreatment temperature and enzyme loading. 26587736 7 5 theme particle 1202:1209 arg1 size 1211:1214 particle size 1202:1214 particle size 1202:1214 The results show that while particle size impacts carbohydrate recovery and hydrolytic yield, it is less important in bioprocessing than pretreatment temperature and enzyme loading, possibly owing to the particles' morphology rather than the size. 26587736 3 6 theme greater 678:684 arg1 delignification 686:700 greater delignification 678:700 greater delignification compared to unmilled biomass 678:729 At 60°C, milling resulted in greater delignification compared to unmilled biomass. 26587736 4 7 theme low 874:876 arg1 loadings 894:901 low and high enzyme loadings 874:901 low and high enzyme loadings 874:901 Delignification was more uniform at 110°C. Pretreated solids were washed and cellulase hydrolysis carried out at 10% w/w solids loading, with low and high enzyme loadings. 26587736 1 8 theme pilot-scale 355:365 arg1 constraints 379:389 pilot-scale operational constraints 355:389 pilot-scale operational constraints 355:389 The role of particle size in carbohydrate fractionation upon pretreatment and glucan yields upon enzymatic hydrolysis was investigated at two different temperatures, to examine the possibility of pretreating under milder conditions smaller particles, in order to satisfy pilot-scale operational constraints. 26587736 2 9 theme material 590:597 arg1 balance 599:605 a material balance 588:605 a material balance calculated for glucan, xylan, and lignin 588:646 Maize stover was knife-milled through 1-mm and 0.5-mm screens and pretreated by soaking in aqueous ammonia pretreatment at 60 or 110°C for 6 h. Pretreated solids were analyzed for composition and a material balance calculated for glucan, xylan, and lignin. 26587736 4 10 from 110°C. 768:773 arg1 uniform 757:763 uniform 757:763 uniform 757:763 Delignification was more uniform at 110°C. Pretreated solids were washed and cellulase hydrolysis carried out at 10% w/w solids loading, with low and high enzyme loadings. 26587736 7 11 theme hydrolytic 1250:1259 arg1 yield 1261:1265 hydrolytic yield 1250:1265 hydrolytic yield 1250:1265 The results show that while particle size impacts carbohydrate recovery and hydrolytic yield, it is less important in bioprocessing than pretreatment temperature and enzyme loading, possibly owing to the particles' morphology rather than the size. 26587736 1 12 theme operational 367:377 arg1 constraints 379:389 pilot-scale operational constraints 355:389 pilot-scale operational constraints 355:389 The role of particle size in carbohydrate fractionation upon pretreatment and glucan yields upon enzymatic hydrolysis was investigated at two different temperatures, to examine the possibility of pretreating under milder conditions smaller particles, in order to satisfy pilot-scale operational constraints. 26587736 4 13 theme % 847:847 arg1 loading 860:866 10% w/w solids loading 845:866 10% w/w solids loading 845:866 Delignification was more uniform at 110°C. Pretreated solids were washed and cellulase hydrolysis carried out at 10% w/w solids loading, with low and high enzyme loadings. 26587736 0 14 theme size 31:34 arg1 role 14:17 the role 10:17 the role of particle size on ammonia-based bioprocessing of maize stover 10:81 Examining the role of particle size on ammonia-based bioprocessing of maize stover. 26587736 6 15 from differences 1034:1044 arg1 yield 1060:1064 hydrolytic yield 1049:1064 hydrolytic yield 1049:1064 The differences in hydrolytic yield between milled and unmilled treatments were found to vary with pretreatment temperature and enzyme loading. 26587736 4 16 theme Pretreated 775:784 arg1 solids 786:791 Pretreated solids 775:791 Pretreated solids 775:791 Delignification was more uniform at 110°C. Pretreated solids were washed and cellulase hydrolysis carried out at 10% w/w solids loading, with low and high enzyme loadings. 26587736 6 17 theme milled 1074:1079 arg1 treatments 1094:1103 milled and unmilled treatments 1074:1103 milled and unmilled treatments 1074:1103 The differences in hydrolytic yield between milled and unmilled treatments were found to vary with pretreatment temperature and enzyme loading. 26587736 3 18 theme unmilled 714:721 arg1 biomass 723:729 unmilled biomass 714:729 unmilled biomass 714:729 At 60°C, milling resulted in greater delignification compared to unmilled biomass. 26587736 4 19 theme solids 853:858 arg1 loading 860:866 10% w/w solids loading 845:866 10% w/w solids loading 845:866 Delignification was more uniform at 110°C. Pretreated solids were washed and cellulase hydrolysis carried out at 10% w/w solids loading, with low and high enzyme loadings. 26587736 1 20 dep pretreatment 145:156 arg1 yields 169:174 yields 169:174 yields 169:174 The role of particle size in carbohydrate fractionation upon pretreatment and glucan yields upon enzymatic hydrolysis was investigated at two different temperatures, to examine the possibility of pretreating under milder conditions smaller particles, in order to satisfy pilot-scale operational constraints. 26587736 4 21 theme w/w 849:851 arg1 loading 860:866 10% w/w solids loading 845:866 10% w/w solids loading 845:866 Delignification was more uniform at 110°C. Pretreated solids were washed and cellulase hydrolysis carried out at 10% w/w solids loading, with low and high enzyme loadings. 26587736 6 22 theme enzyme 1158:1163 arg1 loading 1165:1171 enzyme loading 1158:1171 enzyme loading 1158:1171 The differences in hydrolytic yield between milled and unmilled treatments were found to vary with pretreatment temperature and enzyme loading. 26587736 2 23 theme Maize 392:396 arg1 stover 398:403 Maize stover 392:403 Maize stover 392:403 Maize stover was knife-milled through 1-mm and 0.5-mm screens and pretreated by soaking in aqueous ammonia pretreatment at 60 or 110°C for 6 h. Pretreated solids were analyzed for composition and a material balance calculated for glucan, xylan, and lignin. 26587736 5 24 theme glucan 994:999 arg1 yields 1022:1027 48-h glucan and xylan hydrolytic yields 989:1027 48-h glucan and xylan hydrolytic yields 989:1027 Liquid samples were drawn and concentration data developed through HPLC to calculate 48-h glucan and xylan hydrolytic yields. 26587736 5 25 theme concentration 934:946 arg1 data 948:951 concentration data 934:951 concentration data 934:951 Liquid samples were drawn and concentration data developed through HPLC to calculate 48-h glucan and xylan hydrolytic yields. 26587736 2 26 theme 0.5-mm 439:444 arg1 screens 446:452 1-mm and 0.5-mm screens 430:452 1-mm and 0.5-mm screens 430:452 Maize stover was knife-milled through 1-mm and 0.5-mm screens and pretreated by soaking in aqueous ammonia pretreatment at 60 or 110°C for 6 h. Pretreated solids were analyzed for composition and a material balance calculated for glucan, xylan, and lignin. 26587736 5 27 theme Liquid 904:909 arg1 samples 911:917 Liquid samples 904:917 Liquid samples 904:917 Liquid samples were drawn and concentration data developed through HPLC to calculate 48-h glucan and xylan hydrolytic yields. 26587736 2 28 theme ammonia 491:497 arg1 pretreatment 499:510 aqueous ammonia pretreatment 483:510 aqueous ammonia pretreatment 483:510 Maize stover was knife-milled through 1-mm and 0.5-mm screens and pretreated by soaking in aqueous ammonia pretreatment at 60 or 110°C for 6 h. Pretreated solids were analyzed for composition and a material balance calculated for glucan, xylan, and lignin. 26587736 1 29 theme milder 298:303 arg1 conditions 305:314 milder conditions 298:314 milder conditions 298:314 The role of particle size in carbohydrate fractionation upon pretreatment and glucan yields upon enzymatic hydrolysis was investigated at two different temperatures, to examine the possibility of pretreating under milder conditions smaller particles, in order to satisfy pilot-scale operational constraints. 26587736 2 30 dep h. 533:534 arg1 analyzed 559:566 analyzed 559:566 were analyzed for composition and a material balance calculated for glucan, xylan, and lignin 554:646 Maize stover was knife-milled through 1-mm and 0.5-mm screens and pretreated by soaking in aqueous ammonia pretreatment at 60 or 110°C for 6 h. Pretreated solids were analyzed for composition and a material balance calculated for glucan, xylan, and lignin. 26587736 5 31 theme xylan 1005:1009 arg1 yields 1022:1027 48-h glucan and xylan hydrolytic yields 989:1027 48-h glucan and xylan hydrolytic yields 989:1027 Liquid samples were drawn and concentration data developed through HPLC to calculate 48-h glucan and xylan hydrolytic yields. 26587736 1 32 theme enzymatic 181:189 arg1 hydrolysis 191:200 enzymatic hydrolysis 181:200 enzymatic hydrolysis 181:200 The role of particle size in carbohydrate fractionation upon pretreatment and glucan yields upon enzymatic hydrolysis was investigated at two different temperatures, to examine the possibility of pretreating under milder conditions smaller particles, in order to satisfy pilot-scale operational constraints. 26587736 2 33 theme 1-mm 430:433 arg1 screens 446:452 1-mm and 0.5-mm screens 430:452 1-mm and 0.5-mm screens 430:452 Maize stover was knife-milled through 1-mm and 0.5-mm screens and pretreated by soaking in aqueous ammonia pretreatment at 60 or 110°C for 6 h. Pretreated solids were analyzed for composition and a material balance calculated for glucan, xylan, and lignin. 26587736 2 34 theme aqueous 483:489 arg1 pretreatment 499:510 aqueous ammonia pretreatment 483:510 aqueous ammonia pretreatment 483:510 Maize stover was knife-milled through 1-mm and 0.5-mm screens and pretreated by soaking in aqueous ammonia pretreatment at 60 or 110°C for 6 h. Pretreated solids were analyzed for composition and a material balance calculated for glucan, xylan, and lignin. 26587736 4 35 with uniform 757:763 arg1 loadings 894:901 low and high enzyme loadings 874:901 low and high enzyme loadings 874:901 Delignification was more uniform at 110°C. Pretreated solids were washed and cellulase hydrolysis carried out at 10% w/w solids loading, with low and high enzyme loadings. 26587736 0 36 theme particle 22:29 arg1 size 31:34 particle size 22:34 particle size 22:34 Examining the role of particle size on ammonia-based bioprocessing of maize stover. 26587736 5 37 theme hydrolytic 1011:1020 arg1 yields 1022:1027 48-h glucan and xylan hydrolytic yields 989:1027 48-h glucan and xylan hydrolytic yields 989:1027 Liquid samples were drawn and concentration data developed through HPLC to calculate 48-h glucan and xylan hydrolytic yields. 26587736 0 38 theme ammonia-based 39:51 arg1 bioprocessing 53:65 ammonia-based bioprocessing 39:65 ammonia-based bioprocessing of maize stover 39:81 Examining the role of particle size on ammonia-based bioprocessing of maize stover. 26587736 1 39 theme smaller 316:322 arg1 particles 324:332 smaller particles 316:332 smaller particles 316:332 The role of particle size in carbohydrate fractionation upon pretreatment and glucan yields upon enzymatic hydrolysis was investigated at two different temperatures, to examine the possibility of pretreating under milder conditions smaller particles, in order to satisfy pilot-scale operational constraints. 26587736 4 40 theme high 882:885 arg1 loadings 894:901 low and high enzyme loadings 874:901 low and high enzyme loadings 874:901 Delignification was more uniform at 110°C. Pretreated solids were washed and cellulase hydrolysis carried out at 10% w/w solids loading, with low and high enzyme loadings. 26587736 1 41 theme particle 96:103 arg1 size 105:108 particle size 96:108 particle size 96:108 The role of particle size in carbohydrate fractionation upon pretreatment and glucan yields upon enzymatic hydrolysis was investigated at two different temperatures, to examine the possibility of pretreating under milder conditions smaller particles, in order to satisfy pilot-scale operational constraints. 26587736 2 42 theme Pretreated 536:545 arg1 solids 547:552 Pretreated solids 536:552 Pretreated solids 536:552 Maize stover was knife-milled through 1-mm and 0.5-mm screens and pretreated by soaking in aqueous ammonia pretreatment at 60 or 110°C for 6 h. Pretreated solids were analyzed for composition and a material balance calculated for glucan, xylan, and lignin. 26587736 7 43 theme enzyme 1340:1345 arg1 loading 1347:1353 enzyme loading 1340:1353 enzyme loading 1340:1353 The results show that while particle size impacts carbohydrate recovery and hydrolytic yield, it is less important in bioprocessing than pretreatment temperature and enzyme loading, possibly owing to the particles' morphology rather than the size. 26587736 4 44 theme 10 845:846 arg1 % 847:847 % 847:847 % 847:847 Delignification was more uniform at 110°C. Pretreated solids were washed and cellulase hydrolysis carried out at 10% w/w solids loading, with low and high enzyme loadings. 26587736 1 45 theme size 105:108 arg1 role 88:91 The role 84:91 The role of particle size in carbohydrate fractionation upon pretreatment and glucan yields upon enzymatic hydrolysis 84:200 The role of particle size in carbohydrate fractionation upon pretreatment and glucan yields upon enzymatic hydrolysis was investigated at two different temperatures, to examine the possibility of pretreating under milder conditions smaller particles, in order to satisfy pilot-scale operational constraints. 26587736 1 46 from role 88:91 arg1 fractionation 126:138 carbohydrate fractionation 113:138 carbohydrate fractionation upon pretreatment and glucan yields upon enzymatic hydrolysis 113:200 The role of particle size in carbohydrate fractionation upon pretreatment and glucan yields upon enzymatic hydrolysis was investigated at two different temperatures, to examine the possibility of pretreating under milder conditions smaller particles, in order to satisfy pilot-scale operational constraints. 26587736 4 47 theme enzyme 887:892 arg1 loadings 894:901 low and high enzyme loadings 874:901 low and high enzyme loadings 874:901 Delignification was more uniform at 110°C. Pretreated solids were washed and cellulase hydrolysis carried out at 10% w/w solids loading, with low and high enzyme loadings. 26587736 5 48 theme 48-h 989:992 arg1 yields 1022:1027 48-h glucan and xylan hydrolytic yields 989:1027 48-h glucan and xylan hydrolytic yields 989:1027 Liquid samples were drawn and concentration data developed through HPLC to calculate 48-h glucan and xylan hydrolytic yields. 26587736 1 49 theme carbohydrate 113:124 arg1 fractionation 126:138 carbohydrate fractionation 113:138 carbohydrate fractionation upon pretreatment and glucan yields upon enzymatic hydrolysis 113:200 The role of particle size in carbohydrate fractionation upon pretreatment and glucan yields upon enzymatic hydrolysis was investigated at two different temperatures, to examine the possibility of pretreating under milder conditions smaller particles, in order to satisfy pilot-scale operational constraints. 26587736 6 50 theme pretreatment 1129:1140 arg1 temperature 1142:1152 pretreatment temperature 1129:1152 pretreatment temperature 1129:1152 The differences in hydrolytic yield between milled and unmilled treatments were found to vary with pretreatment temperature and enzyme loading. 26587736 1 51 theme different 226:234 arg1 temperatures 236:247 two different temperatures 222:247 two different temperatures 222:247 The role of particle size in carbohydrate fractionation upon pretreatment and glucan yields upon enzymatic hydrolysis was investigated at two different temperatures, to examine the possibility of pretreating under milder conditions smaller particles, in order to satisfy pilot-scale operational constraints. 26587736 4 52 theme cellulase 809:817 arg1 hydrolysis 819:828 cellulase hydrolysis 809:828 cellulase hydrolysis 809:828 Delignification was more uniform at 110°C. Pretreated solids were washed and cellulase hydrolysis carried out at 10% w/w solids loading, with low and high enzyme loadings. 26587736 6 53 theme hydrolytic 1049:1058 arg1 yield 1060:1064 hydrolytic yield 1049:1064 hydrolytic yield 1049:1064 The differences in hydrolytic yield between milled and unmilled treatments were found to vary with pretreatment temperature and enzyme loading. 26587736 7 54 theme pretreatment 1311:1322 arg1 temperature 1324:1334 pretreatment temperature 1311:1334 pretreatment temperature 1311:1334 The results show that while particle size impacts carbohydrate recovery and hydrolytic yield, it is less important in bioprocessing than pretreatment temperature and enzyme loading, possibly owing to the particles' morphology rather than the size. 26587736 7 55 theme carbohydrate 1224:1235 arg1 recovery 1237:1244 carbohydrate recovery 1224:1244 carbohydrate recovery 1224:1244 The results show that while particle size impacts carbohydrate recovery and hydrolytic yield, it is less important in bioprocessing than pretreatment temperature and enzyme loading, possibly owing to the particles' morphology rather than the size. 25746192 4 0 with type 805:808 arg1 groups 834:839 multifunctional groups 818:839 multifunctional groups such as -OH, -COOH, -SH and -NH2 818:872 The results indicated that the CS/GO-SH was a new type of with multifunctional groups such as -OH, -COOH, -SH and -NH2. 25746192 4 0 with type 805:808 arg1 -OH 849:851 -OH 849:851 -OH 849:851 The results indicated that the CS/GO-SH was a new type of with multifunctional groups such as -OH, -COOH, -SH and -NH2. 25746192 4 0 with type 805:808 arg1 -NH2 869:872 -NH2 869:872 -NH2 869:872 The results indicated that the CS/GO-SH was a new type of with multifunctional groups such as -OH, -COOH, -SH and -NH2. 25746192 4 0 with type 805:808 arg1 -SH 861:863 -SH 861:863 -SH 861:863 The results indicated that the CS/GO-SH was a new type of with multifunctional groups such as -OH, -COOH, -SH and -NH2. 25746192 4 0 with type 805:808 arg1 -COOH 854:858 -COOH 854:858 -COOH 854:858 The results indicated that the CS/GO-SH was a new type of with multifunctional groups such as -OH, -COOH, -SH and -NH2. 25746192 6 1 theme resulting 1059:1067 arg1 material 1103:1110 an adsorbent material 1090:1110 an adsorbent material for removal of Cu (II), Pb (II) and Cd (II) in single- and multi-metal ions systems 1090:1194 The resulting CS/GO-SH was used as an adsorbent material for removal of Cu (II), Pb (II) and Cd (II) in single- and multi-metal ions systems. 25746192 6 1 theme resulting 1059:1067 arg1 CS/GO-SH 1069:1076 The resulting CS/GO-SH 1055:1076 The resulting CS/GO-SH 1055:1076 The resulting CS/GO-SH was used as an adsorbent material for removal of Cu (II), Pb (II) and Cd (II) in single- and multi-metal ions systems. 25746192 7 2 theme specific 1351:1358 arg1 area 1368:1371 the specific surface area 1347:1371 the specific surface area 1347:1371 It was found that the CS/GO-SH has potential applications in fields of adsorptive materials due to its superiority of the chemical characteristic and the specific surface area. 25746192 1 3 theme covalent 205:212 arg1 modification 214:225 covalent modification 205:225 covalent modification 205:225 Chitosan/Sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide composite (CS/GO-SH) was successfully synthesized via covalent modification and electrostatic self-assembly. 25746192 5 4 theme packed 993:998 arg1 structure 1000:1008 the loosely packed structure 981:1008 the loosely packed structure which is analogous to graphene oxide sheets 981:1052 Simultaneously, the self-assembly of chitosan with GO-SH sheets changed the blocky structure of the CS to the loosely packed structure which is analogous to graphene oxide sheets. 25746192 5 4 theme packed 993:998 arg1 analogous 1019:1027 analogous 1019:1027 analogous 1019:1027 Simultaneously, the self-assembly of chitosan with GO-SH sheets changed the blocky structure of the CS to the loosely packed structure which is analogous to graphene oxide sheets. 25746192 0 5 from Studies 0:6 arg1 composites 90:99 chitosan/sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide composites 41:99 chitosan/sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide composites 41:99 Studies of heavy metal ion adsorption on chitosan/sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide composites. 25746192 6 6 theme multi-metal 1171:1181 arg1 systems 1188:1194 single- and multi-metal ions systems 1159:1194 single- and multi-metal ions systems 1159:1194 The resulting CS/GO-SH was used as an adsorbent material for removal of Cu (II), Pb (II) and Cd (II) in single- and multi-metal ions systems. 25746192 4 7 theme multifunctional 818:832 arg1 groups 834:839 multifunctional groups 818:839 multifunctional groups such as -OH, -COOH, -SH and -NH2 818:872 The results indicated that the CS/GO-SH was a new type of with multifunctional groups such as -OH, -COOH, -SH and -NH2. 25746192 4 7 theme multifunctional 818:832 arg1 -OH 849:851 -OH 849:851 -OH 849:851 The results indicated that the CS/GO-SH was a new type of with multifunctional groups such as -OH, -COOH, -SH and -NH2. 25746192 4 7 theme multifunctional 818:832 arg1 -NH2 869:872 -NH2 869:872 -NH2 869:872 The results indicated that the CS/GO-SH was a new type of with multifunctional groups such as -OH, -COOH, -SH and -NH2. 25746192 4 7 theme multifunctional 818:832 arg1 -SH 861:863 -SH 861:863 -SH 861:863 The results indicated that the CS/GO-SH was a new type of with multifunctional groups such as -OH, -COOH, -SH and -NH2. 25746192 4 7 theme multifunctional 818:832 arg1 -COOH 854:858 -COOH 854:858 -COOH 854:858 The results indicated that the CS/GO-SH was a new type of with multifunctional groups such as -OH, -COOH, -SH and -NH2. 25746192 3 8 dep structure 542:550 arg1 The 529:531 The 529:531 The 529:531 The chemical structure and morphology of the CS/GO-SH composite were characterized by Fourier transformed infrared, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and thermogravimetric examination. 25746192 2 9 dep sheets 428:433 arg1 GO 436:437 GO 436:437 GO 436:437 A facile diazonium chemical process was developed to fabricate sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide (GO-SH) by introducing sulfydryl compounds to the graphene oxide sheets (GO), and the GO-SH was used to self-assemble with chitosan via an electrostatic interaction. 25746192 4 10 theme new 801:803 arg1 CS/GO-SH 786:793 the CS/GO-SH 782:793 the CS/GO-SH 782:793 The results indicated that the CS/GO-SH was a new type of with multifunctional groups such as -OH, -COOH, -SH and -NH2. 25746192 4 10 theme new 801:803 arg1 type 805:808 a new type 799:808 a new type of 799:811 The results indicated that the CS/GO-SH was a new type of with multifunctional groups such as -OH, -COOH, -SH and -NH2. 25746192 5 11 theme graphene 1032:1039 arg1 sheets 1047:1052 graphene oxide sheets 1032:1052 graphene oxide sheets 1032:1052 Simultaneously, the self-assembly of chitosan with GO-SH sheets changed the blocky structure of the CS to the loosely packed structure which is analogous to graphene oxide sheets. 25746192 5 12 theme GO-SH 926:930 arg1 sheets 932:937 GO-SH sheets 926:937 GO-SH sheets 926:937 Simultaneously, the self-assembly of chitosan with GO-SH sheets changed the blocky structure of the CS to the loosely packed structure which is analogous to graphene oxide sheets. 25746192 5 13 theme oxide 1041:1045 arg1 sheets 1047:1052 graphene oxide sheets 1032:1052 graphene oxide sheets 1032:1052 Simultaneously, the self-assembly of chitosan with GO-SH sheets changed the blocky structure of the CS to the loosely packed structure which is analogous to graphene oxide sheets. 25746192 6 14 theme Cu 1127:1128 arg1 removal 1116:1122 removal 1116:1122 removal of Cu (II), Pb (II) and Cd (II) in single- and multi-metal ions systems 1116:1194 The resulting CS/GO-SH was used as an adsorbent material for removal of Cu (II), Pb (II) and Cd (II) in single- and multi-metal ions systems. 25746192 6 15 used used 1082:1085 arg2 CS/GO-SH 1069:1076 The resulting CS/GO-SH 1055:1076 The resulting CS/GO-SH 1055:1076 The resulting CS/GO-SH was used as an adsorbent material for removal of Cu (II), Pb (II) and Cd (II) in single- and multi-metal ions systems. 25746192 6 15 used used 1082:1085 arg2 material 1103:1110 an adsorbent material 1090:1110 an adsorbent material for removal of Cu (II), Pb (II) and Cd (II) in single- and multi-metal ions systems 1090:1194 The resulting CS/GO-SH was used as an adsorbent material for removal of Cu (II), Pb (II) and Cd (II) in single- and multi-metal ions systems. 25746192 7 16 theme potential 1232:1240 arg1 applications 1242:1253 potential applications 1232:1253 potential applications 1232:1253 It was found that the CS/GO-SH has potential applications in fields of adsorptive materials due to its superiority of the chemical characteristic and the specific surface area. 25746192 1 17 theme Chitosan/Sulfydryl-functionalized 102:134 arg1 CS/GO-SH 162:169 CS/GO-SH 162:169 CS/GO-SH 162:169 Chitosan/Sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide composite (CS/GO-SH) was successfully synthesized via covalent modification and electrostatic self-assembly. 25746192 1 17 theme Chitosan/Sulfydryl-functionalized 102:134 arg1 composite 151:159 Chitosan/Sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide composite 102:159 Chitosan/Sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide composite (CS/GO-SH) 102:170 Chitosan/Sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide composite (CS/GO-SH) was successfully synthesized via covalent modification and electrostatic self-assembly. 25746192 1 18 theme electrostatic 231:243 arg1 self-assembly 245:257 electrostatic self-assembly 231:257 electrostatic self-assembly 231:257 Chitosan/Sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide composite (CS/GO-SH) was successfully synthesized via covalent modification and electrostatic self-assembly. 25746192 7 19 theme adsorptive 1268:1277 arg1 materials 1279:1287 adsorptive materials 1268:1287 adsorptive materials 1268:1287 It was found that the CS/GO-SH has potential applications in fields of adsorptive materials due to its superiority of the chemical characteristic and the specific surface area. 25746192 2 20 theme sulfydryl 386:394 arg1 compounds 396:404 sulfydryl compounds 386:404 sulfydryl compounds 386:404 A facile diazonium chemical process was developed to fabricate sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide (GO-SH) by introducing sulfydryl compounds to the graphene oxide sheets (GO), and the GO-SH was used to self-assemble with chitosan via an electrostatic interaction. 25746192 7 21 theme materials 1279:1287 arg1 fields 1258:1263 fields 1258:1263 fields of adsorptive materials due to its superiority of the chemical characteristic and the specific surface area 1258:1371 It was found that the CS/GO-SH has potential applications in fields of adsorptive materials due to its superiority of the chemical characteristic and the specific surface area. 25746192 0 22 theme metal 17:21 arg1 adsorption 27:36 heavy metal ion adsorption 11:36 heavy metal ion adsorption 11:36 Studies of heavy metal ion adsorption on chitosan/sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide composites. 25746192 7 23 theme area 1368:1371 arg1 superiority 1300:1310 its superiority 1296:1310 its superiority of the chemical characteristic and the specific surface area 1296:1371 It was found that the CS/GO-SH has potential applications in fields of adsorptive materials due to its superiority of the chemical characteristic and the specific surface area. 25746192 1 24 theme oxide 145:149 arg1 CS/GO-SH 162:169 CS/GO-SH 162:169 CS/GO-SH 162:169 Chitosan/Sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide composite (CS/GO-SH) was successfully synthesized via covalent modification and electrostatic self-assembly. 25746192 1 24 theme oxide 145:149 arg1 composite 151:159 Chitosan/Sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide composite 102:159 Chitosan/Sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide composite (CS/GO-SH) 102:170 Chitosan/Sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide composite (CS/GO-SH) was successfully synthesized via covalent modification and electrostatic self-assembly. 25746192 6 25 from Cd 1148:1149 arg1 systems 1188:1194 single- and multi-metal ions systems 1159:1194 single- and multi-metal ions systems 1159:1194 The resulting CS/GO-SH was used as an adsorbent material for removal of Cu (II), Pb (II) and Cd (II) in single- and multi-metal ions systems. 25746192 1 26 theme graphene 136:143 arg1 CS/GO-SH 162:169 CS/GO-SH 162:169 CS/GO-SH 162:169 Chitosan/Sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide composite (CS/GO-SH) was successfully synthesized via covalent modification and electrostatic self-assembly. 25746192 1 26 theme graphene 136:143 arg1 composite 151:159 Chitosan/Sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide composite 102:159 Chitosan/Sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide composite (CS/GO-SH) 102:170 Chitosan/Sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide composite (CS/GO-SH) was successfully synthesized via covalent modification and electrostatic self-assembly. 25746192 6 27 theme single- 1159:1165 arg1 systems 1188:1194 single- and multi-metal ions systems 1159:1194 single- and multi-metal ions systems 1159:1194 The resulting CS/GO-SH was used as an adsorbent material for removal of Cu (II), Pb (II) and Cd (II) in single- and multi-metal ions systems. 25746192 3 28 theme thermogravimetric 724:740 arg1 examination 742:752 thermogravimetric examination 724:752 thermogravimetric examination 724:752 The chemical structure and morphology of the CS/GO-SH composite were characterized by Fourier transformed infrared, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and thermogravimetric examination. 25746192 3 29 theme infrared 635:642 arg1 Fourier 615:621 Fourier transformed infrared, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and thermogravimetric examination 615:752 Fourier 615:621 The chemical structure and morphology of the CS/GO-SH composite were characterized by Fourier transformed infrared, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and thermogravimetric examination. 25746192 5 30 theme blocky 951:956 arg1 structure 958:966 the blocky structure 947:966 the blocky structure of the CS to the loosely packed structure which is analogous to graphene oxide sheets 947:1052 Simultaneously, the self-assembly of chitosan with GO-SH sheets changed the blocky structure of the CS to the loosely packed structure which is analogous to graphene oxide sheets. 25746192 0 31 theme adsorption 27:36 arg1 Studies 0:6 Studies 0:6 Studies of heavy metal ion adsorption on chitosan/sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide composites. 0:100 Studies of heavy metal ion adsorption on chitosan/sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide composites. 25746192 3 32 theme X-ray 695:699 arg1 diffraction 708:718 X-ray powder diffraction 695:718 X-ray powder diffraction 695:718 The chemical structure and morphology of the CS/GO-SH composite were characterized by Fourier transformed infrared, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and thermogravimetric examination. 25746192 5 33 with self-assembly 895:907 arg1 sheets 932:937 GO-SH sheets 926:937 GO-SH sheets 926:937 Simultaneously, the self-assembly of chitosan with GO-SH sheets changed the blocky structure of the CS to the loosely packed structure which is analogous to graphene oxide sheets. 25746192 6 34 theme adsorbent 1093:1101 arg1 material 1103:1110 an adsorbent material 1090:1110 an adsorbent material for removal of Cu (II), Pb (II) and Cd (II) in single- and multi-metal ions systems 1090:1194 The resulting CS/GO-SH was used as an adsorbent material for removal of Cu (II), Pb (II) and Cd (II) in single- and multi-metal ions systems. 25746192 6 34 theme adsorbent 1093:1101 arg1 CS/GO-SH 1069:1076 The resulting CS/GO-SH 1055:1076 The resulting CS/GO-SH 1055:1076 The resulting CS/GO-SH was used as an adsorbent material for removal of Cu (II), Pb (II) and Cd (II) in single- and multi-metal ions systems. 25746192 3 35 theme scanning 665:672 arg1 microscopy 683:692 scanning electron microscopy 665:692 scanning electron microscopy 665:692 The chemical structure and morphology of the CS/GO-SH composite were characterized by Fourier transformed infrared, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and thermogravimetric examination. 25746192 5 36 theme chitosan 912:919 arg1 self-assembly 895:907 the self-assembly 891:907 the self-assembly of chitosan with GO-SH sheets 891:937 Simultaneously, the self-assembly of chitosan with GO-SH sheets changed the blocky structure of the CS to the loosely packed structure which is analogous to graphene oxide sheets. 25746192 0 37 theme ion 23:25 arg1 adsorption 27:36 heavy metal ion adsorption 11:36 heavy metal ion adsorption 11:36 Studies of heavy metal ion adsorption on chitosan/sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide composites. 25746192 3 38 theme powder 701:706 arg1 diffraction 708:718 X-ray powder diffraction 695:718 X-ray powder diffraction 695:718 The chemical structure and morphology of the CS/GO-SH composite were characterized by Fourier transformed infrared, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and thermogravimetric examination. 25746192 3 39 theme electron 674:681 arg1 microscopy 683:692 scanning electron microscopy 665:692 scanning electron microscopy 665:692 The chemical structure and morphology of the CS/GO-SH composite were characterized by Fourier transformed infrared, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and thermogravimetric examination. 25746192 7 40 theme due 1289:1291 arg1 fields 1258:1263 fields 1258:1263 fields of adsorptive materials due to its superiority of the chemical characteristic and the specific surface area 1258:1371 It was found that the CS/GO-SH has potential applications in fields of adsorptive materials due to its superiority of the chemical characteristic and the specific surface area. 25746192 0 41 theme chitosan/sulfydryl-functionalized 41:73 arg1 composites 90:99 chitosan/sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide composites 41:99 chitosan/sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide composites 41:99 Studies of heavy metal ion adsorption on chitosan/sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide composites. 25746192 7 42 theme surface 1360:1366 arg1 area 1368:1371 the specific surface area 1347:1371 the specific surface area 1347:1371 It was found that the CS/GO-SH has potential applications in fields of adsorptive materials due to its superiority of the chemical characteristic and the specific surface area. 25746192 2 43 used used 459:462 arg2 GO-SH 449:453 the GO-SH 445:453 the GO-SH 445:453 A facile diazonium chemical process was developed to fabricate sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide (GO-SH) by introducing sulfydryl compounds to the graphene oxide sheets (GO), and the GO-SH was used to self-assemble with chitosan via an electrostatic interaction. 25746192 2 44 theme oxide 422:426 arg1 sheets 428:433 the graphene oxide sheets 409:433 the graphene oxide sheets (GO) 409:438 A facile diazonium chemical process was developed to fabricate sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide (GO-SH) by introducing sulfydryl compounds to the graphene oxide sheets (GO), and the GO-SH was used to self-assemble with chitosan via an electrostatic interaction. 25746192 2 45 theme electrostatic 502:514 arg1 interaction 516:526 an electrostatic interaction 499:526 an electrostatic interaction 499:526 A facile diazonium chemical process was developed to fabricate sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide (GO-SH) by introducing sulfydryl compounds to the graphene oxide sheets (GO), and the GO-SH was used to self-assemble with chitosan via an electrostatic interaction. 25746192 2 46 theme diazonium 269:277 arg1 process 288:294 A facile diazonium chemical process 260:294 A facile diazonium chemical process 260:294 A facile diazonium chemical process was developed to fabricate sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide (GO-SH) by introducing sulfydryl compounds to the graphene oxide sheets (GO), and the GO-SH was used to self-assemble with chitosan via an electrostatic interaction. 25746192 2 47 theme chemical 279:286 arg1 process 288:294 A facile diazonium chemical process 260:294 A facile diazonium chemical process 260:294 A facile diazonium chemical process was developed to fabricate sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide (GO-SH) by introducing sulfydryl compounds to the graphene oxide sheets (GO), and the GO-SH was used to self-assemble with chitosan via an electrostatic interaction. 25746192 2 48 theme graphene 413:420 arg1 sheets 428:433 the graphene oxide sheets 409:433 the graphene oxide sheets (GO) 409:438 A facile diazonium chemical process was developed to fabricate sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide (GO-SH) by introducing sulfydryl compounds to the graphene oxide sheets (GO), and the GO-SH was used to self-assemble with chitosan via an electrostatic interaction. 25746192 6 49 theme ions 1183:1186 arg1 systems 1188:1194 single- and multi-metal ions systems 1159:1194 single- and multi-metal ions systems 1159:1194 The resulting CS/GO-SH was used as an adsorbent material for removal of Cu (II), Pb (II) and Cd (II) in single- and multi-metal ions systems. 25746192 2 50 theme facile 262:267 arg1 process 288:294 A facile diazonium chemical process 260:294 A facile diazonium chemical process 260:294 A facile diazonium chemical process was developed to fabricate sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide (GO-SH) by introducing sulfydryl compounds to the graphene oxide sheets (GO), and the GO-SH was used to self-assemble with chitosan via an electrostatic interaction. 25746192 2 51 theme graphene 348:355 arg1 GO-SH 364:368 GO-SH 364:368 GO-SH 364:368 A facile diazonium chemical process was developed to fabricate sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide (GO-SH) by introducing sulfydryl compounds to the graphene oxide sheets (GO), and the GO-SH was used to self-assemble with chitosan via an electrostatic interaction. 25746192 2 51 theme graphene 348:355 arg1 oxide 357:361 sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide 323:361 sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide (GO-SH) 323:369 A facile diazonium chemical process was developed to fabricate sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide (GO-SH) by introducing sulfydryl compounds to the graphene oxide sheets (GO), and the GO-SH was used to self-assemble with chitosan via an electrostatic interaction. 25746192 3 52 theme chemical 533:540 arg1 structure 542:550 chemical structure 533:550 chemical structure 533:550 The chemical structure and morphology of the CS/GO-SH composite were characterized by Fourier transformed infrared, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and thermogravimetric examination. 25746192 3 53 theme transformed 623:633 arg1 Fourier 615:621 Fourier transformed infrared, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and thermogravimetric examination 615:752 Fourier 615:621 The chemical structure and morphology of the CS/GO-SH composite were characterized by Fourier transformed infrared, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and thermogravimetric examination. 25746192 5 54 theme CS 975:976 arg1 structure 958:966 the blocky structure 947:966 the blocky structure of the CS to the loosely packed structure which is analogous to graphene oxide sheets 947:1052 Simultaneously, the self-assembly of chitosan with GO-SH sheets changed the blocky structure of the CS to the loosely packed structure which is analogous to graphene oxide sheets. 25746192 2 55 theme sulfydryl-functionalized 323:346 arg1 GO-SH 364:368 GO-SH 364:368 GO-SH 364:368 A facile diazonium chemical process was developed to fabricate sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide (GO-SH) by introducing sulfydryl compounds to the graphene oxide sheets (GO), and the GO-SH was used to self-assemble with chitosan via an electrostatic interaction. 25746192 2 55 theme sulfydryl-functionalized 323:346 arg1 oxide 357:361 sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide 323:361 sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide (GO-SH) 323:369 A facile diazonium chemical process was developed to fabricate sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide (GO-SH) by introducing sulfydryl compounds to the graphene oxide sheets (GO), and the GO-SH was used to self-assemble with chitosan via an electrostatic interaction. 25746192 3 56 theme composite 583:591 arg1 morphology 556:565 morphology 556:565 morphology 556:565 The chemical structure and morphology of the CS/GO-SH composite were characterized by Fourier transformed infrared, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and thermogravimetric examination. 25746192 3 56 theme composite 583:591 arg1 structure 542:550 chemical structure 533:550 chemical structure 533:550 The chemical structure and morphology of the CS/GO-SH composite were characterized by Fourier transformed infrared, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and thermogravimetric examination. 25746192 0 57 theme oxide 84:88 arg1 composites 90:99 chitosan/sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide composites 41:99 chitosan/sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide composites 41:99 Studies of heavy metal ion adsorption on chitosan/sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide composites. 25746192 7 58 theme characteristic 1328:1341 arg1 superiority 1300:1310 its superiority 1296:1310 its superiority of the chemical characteristic and the specific surface area 1296:1371 It was found that the CS/GO-SH has potential applications in fields of adsorptive materials due to its superiority of the chemical characteristic and the specific surface area. 25746192 3 59 theme CS/GO-SH 574:581 arg1 composite 583:591 the CS/GO-SH composite 570:591 the CS/GO-SH composite 570:591 The chemical structure and morphology of the CS/GO-SH composite were characterized by Fourier transformed infrared, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and thermogravimetric examination. 25746192 7 60 theme chemical 1319:1326 arg1 characteristic 1328:1341 the chemical characteristic 1315:1341 the chemical characteristic 1315:1341 It was found that the CS/GO-SH has potential applications in fields of adsorptive materials due to its superiority of the chemical characteristic and the specific surface area. 25746192 0 61 theme graphene 75:82 arg1 composites 90:99 chitosan/sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide composites 41:99 chitosan/sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide composites 41:99 Studies of heavy metal ion adsorption on chitosan/sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide composites. 25746192 7 62 contain has 1228:1230 arg1 CS/GO-SH 1219:1226 the CS/GO-SH 1215:1226 the CS/GO-SH 1215:1226 It was found that the CS/GO-SH has potential applications in fields of adsorptive materials due to its superiority of the chemical characteristic and the specific surface area. 25746192 7 62 contain has 1228:1230 arg2 applications 1242:1253 potential applications 1232:1253 potential applications 1232:1253 It was found that the CS/GO-SH has potential applications in fields of adsorptive materials due to its superiority of the chemical characteristic and the specific surface area. 25746192 0 63 theme heavy 11:15 arg1 adsorption 27:36 heavy metal ion adsorption 11:36 heavy metal ion adsorption 11:36 Studies of heavy metal ion adsorption on chitosan/sulfydryl-functionalized graphene oxide composites. 25746192 6 64 from Pb 1136:1137 arg1 systems 1188:1194 single- and multi-metal ions systems 1159:1194 single- and multi-metal ions systems 1159:1194 The resulting CS/GO-SH was used as an adsorbent material for removal of Cu (II), Pb (II) and Cd (II) in single- and multi-metal ions systems. 25746192 3 65 theme Raman 645:649 arg1 spectroscopy 651:662 Raman spectroscopy 645:662 Raman spectroscopy 645:662 The chemical structure and morphology of the CS/GO-SH composite were characterized by Fourier transformed infrared, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and thermogravimetric examination. 27083837 7 0 theme Structural 958:967 arg1 characteristics 969:983 Structural characteristics 958:983 Structural characteristics of BC and BC-additive composites 958:1016 Structural characteristics of BC and BC-additive composites were compared using X-Ray diffraction (XRD). 27083837 2 1 from Improvement 190:200 arg1 properties 220:229 the mechanical properties 205:229 the mechanical properties of BC 205:235 Improvement in the mechanical properties of BC is sought for many applications ranging from food to structural composites to biomedical materials. 27083837 1 2 theme high 170:173 arg1 crystallinity 175:187 high crystallinity 170:187 high crystallinity 170:187 Bacterial cellulose (BC) exhibits unique properties including high mechanical strength and high crystallinity. 27083837 10 3 theme micro-fibril 1382:1393 arg1 aggregation 1395:1405 the increased micro-fibril aggregation 1368:1405 the increased micro-fibril aggregation 1368:1405 The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images showed the increased micro-fibril aggregation in BC pellicles grown in the presence of additives to the culture media. 27083837 10 4 theme BC 1410:1411 arg1 pellicles 1413:1421 BC pellicles 1410:1421 BC pellicles grown in the presence of additives to the culture media 1410:1477 The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images showed the increased micro-fibril aggregation in BC pellicles grown in the presence of additives to the culture media. 27083837 3 5 theme carboxymethyl 382:394 arg1 CMC 407:409 CMC 407:409 CMC 407:409 In this study, different additives including carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), pectin, gelatin, cornstarch, and corn steep liquor were included in the fermentation media to alter the BC produced. 27083837 3 5 theme carboxymethyl 382:394 arg1 cellulose 396:404 carboxymethyl cellulose 382:404 carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 382:410 In this study, different additives including carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), pectin, gelatin, cornstarch, and corn steep liquor were included in the fermentation media to alter the BC produced. 27083837 6 6 theme % 797:797 arg1 pectin 805:810 3% (w/v) pectin 796:810 3% (w/v) pectin 796:810 Amongst the tested additives, BC produced in media containing 3% (w/v) pectin had the maximum compressive modulus (142kPa), and BC produced in media containing 1% (w/v) gelatin exhibited the maximum tensile modulus (21MPa). 27083837 6 7 dep % 895:895 arg1 w/v 898:900 w/v 898:900 w/v 898:900 Amongst the tested additives, BC produced in media containing 3% (w/v) pectin had the maximum compressive modulus (142kPa), and BC produced in media containing 1% (w/v) gelatin exhibited the maximum tensile modulus (21MPa). 27083837 2 8 theme structural 290:299 arg1 composites 301:310 structural composites 290:310 structural composites to biomedical materials 290:334 Improvement in the mechanical properties of BC is sought for many applications ranging from food to structural composites to biomedical materials. 27083837 3 9 theme different 352:360 arg1 cornstarch 430:439 cornstarch 430:439 cornstarch 430:439 In this study, different additives including carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), pectin, gelatin, cornstarch, and corn steep liquor were included in the fermentation media to alter the BC produced. 27083837 3 9 theme different 352:360 arg1 additives 362:370 different additives 352:370 different additives including carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), pectin, gelatin, cornstarch, and corn steep liquor 352:462 In this study, different additives including carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), pectin, gelatin, cornstarch, and corn steep liquor were included in the fermentation media to alter the BC produced. 27083837 3 9 theme different 352:360 arg1 pectin 413:418 pectin 413:418 pectin 413:418 In this study, different additives including carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), pectin, gelatin, cornstarch, and corn steep liquor were included in the fermentation media to alter the BC produced. 27083837 3 9 theme different 352:360 arg1 gelatin 421:427 gelatin 421:427 gelatin 421:427 In this study, different additives including carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), pectin, gelatin, cornstarch, and corn steep liquor were included in the fermentation media to alter the BC produced. 27083837 3 9 theme different 352:360 arg1 cellulose 396:404 carboxymethyl cellulose 382:404 carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 382:410 In this study, different additives including carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), pectin, gelatin, cornstarch, and corn steep liquor were included in the fermentation media to alter the BC produced. 27083837 3 9 theme different 352:360 arg1 liquor 457:462 corn steep liquor 446:462 corn steep liquor 446:462 In this study, different additives including carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), pectin, gelatin, cornstarch, and corn steep liquor were included in the fermentation media to alter the BC produced. 27083837 6 10 theme 3 796:796 arg1 % 797:797 % 797:797 % 797:797 Amongst the tested additives, BC produced in media containing 3% (w/v) pectin had the maximum compressive modulus (142kPa), and BC produced in media containing 1% (w/v) gelatin exhibited the maximum tensile modulus (21MPa). 27083837 8 11 theme BC 1101:1102 arg1 crystallinity 1084:1096 crystallinity 1084:1096 crystallinity 1084:1096 The crystal size and crystallinity of BC was reduced when grown in the presence of CMC and gelatin while pectin only decreased the crystallite size. 27083837 8 11 theme BC 1101:1102 arg1 size 1075:1078 crystal size 1067:1078 crystal size 1067:1078 The crystal size and crystallinity of BC was reduced when grown in the presence of CMC and gelatin while pectin only decreased the crystallite size. 27083837 1 12 theme Bacterial 79:87 arg1 BC 100:101 BC 100:101 BC 100:101 Bacterial cellulose (BC) exhibits unique properties including high mechanical strength and high crystallinity. 27083837 1 12 theme Bacterial 79:87 arg1 cellulose 89:97 Bacterial cellulose 79:97 Bacterial cellulose (BC) 79:102 Bacterial cellulose (BC) exhibits unique properties including high mechanical strength and high crystallinity. 27083837 6 13 theme maximum 925:931 arg1 21MPa 950:954 21MPa 950:954 21MPa 950:954 Amongst the tested additives, BC produced in media containing 3% (w/v) pectin had the maximum compressive modulus (142kPa), and BC produced in media containing 1% (w/v) gelatin exhibited the maximum tensile modulus (21MPa). 27083837 6 13 theme maximum 925:931 arg1 modulus 941:947 the maximum tensile modulus 921:947 the maximum tensile modulus (21MPa) 921:955 Amongst the tested additives, BC produced in media containing 3% (w/v) pectin had the maximum compressive modulus (142kPa), and BC produced in media containing 1% (w/v) gelatin exhibited the maximum tensile modulus (21MPa). 27083837 7 14 theme BC 988:989 arg1 composites 1007:1016 BC and BC-additive composites 988:1016 BC and BC-additive composites 988:1016 Structural characteristics of BC and BC-additive composites were compared using X-Ray diffraction (XRD). 27083837 4 15 dep concentrations 546:559 arg1 % 563:563 1% 562:563 1% 562:563 Three different concentrations (1%, 3% and 5%) were chosen for each of the additives, with no additive (0%) as the control. 27083837 4 15 dep concentrations 546:559 arg1 % 567:567 3% 566:567 3% 566:567 Three different concentrations (1%, 3% and 5%) were chosen for each of the additives, with no additive (0%) as the control. 27083837 4 15 dep concentrations 546:559 arg1 % 574:574 5% 573:574 5% 573:574 Three different concentrations (1%, 3% and 5%) were chosen for each of the additives, with no additive (0%) as the control. 27083837 5 16 dep tensile 701:707 arg1 modulus 725:731 modulus 725:731 modulus 725:731 The produced BC was then analyzed to determine tensile and compression modulus. 27083837 7 17 theme X-Ray 1038:1042 arg1 XRD 1057:1059 XRD 1057:1059 XRD 1057:1059 Structural characteristics of BC and BC-additive composites were compared using X-Ray diffraction (XRD). 27083837 7 17 theme X-Ray 1038:1042 arg1 diffraction 1044:1054 X-Ray diffraction 1038:1054 X-Ray diffraction (XRD) 1038:1060 Structural characteristics of BC and BC-additive composites were compared using X-Ray diffraction (XRD). 27083837 10 18 theme increased 1372:1380 arg1 aggregation 1395:1405 the increased micro-fibril aggregation 1368:1405 the increased micro-fibril aggregation 1368:1405 The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images showed the increased micro-fibril aggregation in BC pellicles grown in the presence of additives to the culture media. 27083837 8 19 theme crystallite 1194:1204 arg1 size 1206:1209 the crystallite size 1190:1209 the crystallite size 1190:1209 The crystal size and crystallinity of BC was reduced when grown in the presence of CMC and gelatin while pectin only decreased the crystallite size. 27083837 10 20 theme culture 1465:1471 arg1 media 1473:1477 the culture media 1461:1477 the culture media 1461:1477 The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images showed the increased micro-fibril aggregation in BC pellicles grown in the presence of additives to the culture media. 27083837 0 21 theme Mechanical 0:9 arg1 analysis 35:42 Mechanical and structural property analysis 0:42 Mechanical and structural property analysis of bacterial cellulose composites. 0:77 Mechanical and structural property analysis of bacterial cellulose composites. 27083837 9 22 theme BC 1277:1278 arg1 structure 1287:1295 the BC fibril structure 1273:1295 the BC fibril structure 1273:1295 This suggested that CMC and gelatin may be incorporated into the BC fibril structure. 27083837 0 23 theme property 26:33 arg1 analysis 35:42 Mechanical and structural property analysis 0:42 Mechanical and structural property analysis of bacterial cellulose composites. 0:77 Mechanical and structural property analysis of bacterial cellulose composites. 27083837 4 24 theme different 536:544 arg1 concentrations 546:559 Three different concentrations 530:559 Three different concentrations (1%, 3% and 5%) 530:575 Three different concentrations (1%, 3% and 5%) were chosen for each of the additives, with no additive (0%) as the control. 27083837 10 25 theme electron 1326:1333 arg1 FESEM 1347:1351 FESEM 1347:1351 FESEM 1347:1351 The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images showed the increased micro-fibril aggregation in BC pellicles grown in the presence of additives to the culture media. 27083837 10 25 theme electron 1326:1333 arg1 microscopy 1335:1344 field emission scanning electron microscopy 1302:1344 The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images 1298:1359 The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images showed the increased micro-fibril aggregation in BC pellicles grown in the presence of additives to the culture media. 27083837 2 26 theme biomedical 315:324 arg1 materials 326:334 biomedical materials 315:334 biomedical materials 315:334 Improvement in the mechanical properties of BC is sought for many applications ranging from food to structural composites to biomedical materials. 27083837 9 27 theme fibril 1280:1285 arg1 structure 1287:1295 the BC fibril structure 1273:1295 the BC fibril structure 1273:1295 This suggested that CMC and gelatin may be incorporated into the BC fibril structure. 27083837 0 28 theme structural 15:24 arg1 analysis 35:42 Mechanical and structural property analysis 0:42 Mechanical and structural property analysis of bacterial cellulose composites. 0:77 Mechanical and structural property analysis of bacterial cellulose composites. 27083837 6 29 contain containing 883:892 arg1 media 877:881 media 877:881 media containing 1% (w/v) gelatin 877:909 Amongst the tested additives, BC produced in media containing 3% (w/v) pectin had the maximum compressive modulus (142kPa), and BC produced in media containing 1% (w/v) gelatin exhibited the maximum tensile modulus (21MPa). 27083837 6 29 contain containing 883:892 arg2 gelatin 903:909 1% (w/v) gelatin 894:909 1% (w/v) gelatin 894:909 Amongst the tested additives, BC produced in media containing 3% (w/v) pectin had the maximum compressive modulus (142kPa), and BC produced in media containing 1% (w/v) gelatin exhibited the maximum tensile modulus (21MPa). 27083837 6 30 theme tensile 933:939 arg1 21MPa 950:954 21MPa 950:954 21MPa 950:954 Amongst the tested additives, BC produced in media containing 3% (w/v) pectin had the maximum compressive modulus (142kPa), and BC produced in media containing 1% (w/v) gelatin exhibited the maximum tensile modulus (21MPa). 27083837 6 30 theme tensile 933:939 arg1 modulus 941:947 the maximum tensile modulus 921:947 the maximum tensile modulus (21MPa) 921:955 Amongst the tested additives, BC produced in media containing 3% (w/v) pectin had the maximum compressive modulus (142kPa), and BC produced in media containing 1% (w/v) gelatin exhibited the maximum tensile modulus (21MPa). 27083837 6 31 contain containing 785:794 arg2 pectin 805:810 3% (w/v) pectin 796:810 3% (w/v) pectin 796:810 Amongst the tested additives, BC produced in media containing 3% (w/v) pectin had the maximum compressive modulus (142kPa), and BC produced in media containing 1% (w/v) gelatin exhibited the maximum tensile modulus (21MPa). 27083837 6 31 contain containing 785:794 arg1 media 779:783 media 779:783 media containing 3% (w/v) pectin 779:810 Amongst the tested additives, BC produced in media containing 3% (w/v) pectin had the maximum compressive modulus (142kPa), and BC produced in media containing 1% (w/v) gelatin exhibited the maximum tensile modulus (21MPa). 27083837 10 32 theme emission 1308:1315 arg1 FESEM 1347:1351 FESEM 1347:1351 FESEM 1347:1351 The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images showed the increased micro-fibril aggregation in BC pellicles grown in the presence of additives to the culture media. 27083837 10 32 theme emission 1308:1315 arg1 microscopy 1335:1344 field emission scanning electron microscopy 1302:1344 The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images 1298:1359 The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images showed the increased micro-fibril aggregation in BC pellicles grown in the presence of additives to the culture media. 27083837 3 33 theme corn 446:449 arg1 liquor 457:462 corn steep liquor 446:462 corn steep liquor 446:462 In this study, different additives including carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), pectin, gelatin, cornstarch, and corn steep liquor were included in the fermentation media to alter the BC produced. 27083837 7 34 theme BC-additive 995:1005 arg1 composites 1007:1016 BC and BC-additive composites 988:1016 BC and BC-additive composites 988:1016 Structural characteristics of BC and BC-additive composites were compared using X-Ray diffraction (XRD). 27083837 6 35 theme compressive 828:838 arg1 142kPa 849:854 142kPa 849:854 142kPa 849:854 Amongst the tested additives, BC produced in media containing 3% (w/v) pectin had the maximum compressive modulus (142kPa), and BC produced in media containing 1% (w/v) gelatin exhibited the maximum tensile modulus (21MPa). 27083837 6 35 theme compressive 828:838 arg1 modulus 840:846 the maximum compressive modulus 816:846 the maximum compressive modulus (142kPa) 816:855 Amongst the tested additives, BC produced in media containing 3% (w/v) pectin had the maximum compressive modulus (142kPa), and BC produced in media containing 1% (w/v) gelatin exhibited the maximum tensile modulus (21MPa). 27083837 10 36 theme field 1302:1306 arg1 FESEM 1347:1351 FESEM 1347:1351 FESEM 1347:1351 The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images showed the increased micro-fibril aggregation in BC pellicles grown in the presence of additives to the culture media. 27083837 10 36 theme field 1302:1306 arg1 microscopy 1335:1344 field emission scanning electron microscopy 1302:1344 The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images 1298:1359 The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images showed the increased micro-fibril aggregation in BC pellicles grown in the presence of additives to the culture media. 27083837 7 37 theme composites 1007:1016 arg1 characteristics 969:983 Structural characteristics 958:983 Structural characteristics of BC and BC-additive composites 958:1016 Structural characteristics of BC and BC-additive composites were compared using X-Ray diffraction (XRD). 27083837 3 38 theme steep 451:455 arg1 liquor 457:462 corn steep liquor 446:462 corn steep liquor 446:462 In this study, different additives including carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), pectin, gelatin, cornstarch, and corn steep liquor were included in the fermentation media to alter the BC produced. 27083837 0 39 theme cellulose 57:65 arg1 composites 67:76 bacterial cellulose composites 47:76 bacterial cellulose composites 47:76 Mechanical and structural property analysis of bacterial cellulose composites. 27083837 6 40 theme maximum 820:826 arg1 142kPa 849:854 142kPa 849:854 142kPa 849:854 Amongst the tested additives, BC produced in media containing 3% (w/v) pectin had the maximum compressive modulus (142kPa), and BC produced in media containing 1% (w/v) gelatin exhibited the maximum tensile modulus (21MPa). 27083837 6 40 theme maximum 820:826 arg1 modulus 840:846 the maximum compressive modulus 816:846 the maximum compressive modulus (142kPa) 816:855 Amongst the tested additives, BC produced in media containing 3% (w/v) pectin had the maximum compressive modulus (142kPa), and BC produced in media containing 1% (w/v) gelatin exhibited the maximum tensile modulus (21MPa). 27083837 8 41 dep CMC 1146:1148 arg1 the 1130:1132 the 1130:1132 the 1130:1132 The crystal size and crystallinity of BC was reduced when grown in the presence of CMC and gelatin while pectin only decreased the crystallite size. 27083837 8 41 dep CMC 1146:1148 arg1 presence 1134:1141 presence 1134:1141 presence 1134:1141 The crystal size and crystallinity of BC was reduced when grown in the presence of CMC and gelatin while pectin only decreased the crystallite size. 27083837 1 42 theme unique 113:118 arg1 strength 157:164 high mechanical strength 141:164 high mechanical strength 141:164 Bacterial cellulose (BC) exhibits unique properties including high mechanical strength and high crystallinity. 27083837 1 42 theme unique 113:118 arg1 crystallinity 175:187 high crystallinity 170:187 high crystallinity 170:187 Bacterial cellulose (BC) exhibits unique properties including high mechanical strength and high crystallinity. 27083837 1 42 theme unique 113:118 arg1 properties 120:129 unique properties 113:129 unique properties including high mechanical strength and high crystallinity 113:187 Bacterial cellulose (BC) exhibits unique properties including high mechanical strength and high crystallinity. 27083837 0 43 theme bacterial 47:55 arg1 composites 67:76 bacterial cellulose composites 47:76 bacterial cellulose composites 47:76 Mechanical and structural property analysis of bacterial cellulose composites. 27083837 2 44 theme BC 234:235 arg1 properties 220:229 the mechanical properties 205:229 the mechanical properties of BC 205:235 Improvement in the mechanical properties of BC is sought for many applications ranging from food to structural composites to biomedical materials. 27083837 3 45 theme fermentation 485:496 arg1 media 498:502 the fermentation media 481:502 the fermentation media 481:502 In this study, different additives including carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), pectin, gelatin, cornstarch, and corn steep liquor were included in the fermentation media to alter the BC produced. 27083837 6 46 theme tested 746:751 arg1 additives 753:761 the tested additives 742:761 the tested additives 742:761 Amongst the tested additives, BC produced in media containing 3% (w/v) pectin had the maximum compressive modulus (142kPa), and BC produced in media containing 1% (w/v) gelatin exhibited the maximum tensile modulus (21MPa). 27083837 6 47 contain had 812:814 arg1 BC 764:765 BC 764:765 BC produced in media containing 3% (w/v) pectin 764:810 Amongst the tested additives, BC produced in media containing 3% (w/v) pectin had the maximum compressive modulus (142kPa), and BC produced in media containing 1% (w/v) gelatin exhibited the maximum tensile modulus (21MPa). 27083837 6 47 contain had 812:814 arg2 142kPa 849:854 142kPa 849:854 142kPa 849:854 Amongst the tested additives, BC produced in media containing 3% (w/v) pectin had the maximum compressive modulus (142kPa), and BC produced in media containing 1% (w/v) gelatin exhibited the maximum tensile modulus (21MPa). 27083837 6 47 contain had 812:814 arg2 modulus 840:846 the maximum compressive modulus 816:846 the maximum compressive modulus (142kPa) 816:855 Amongst the tested additives, BC produced in media containing 3% (w/v) pectin had the maximum compressive modulus (142kPa), and BC produced in media containing 1% (w/v) gelatin exhibited the maximum tensile modulus (21MPa). 27083837 10 48 theme scanning 1317:1324 arg1 FESEM 1347:1351 FESEM 1347:1351 FESEM 1347:1351 The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images showed the increased micro-fibril aggregation in BC pellicles grown in the presence of additives to the culture media. 27083837 10 48 theme scanning 1317:1324 arg1 microscopy 1335:1344 field emission scanning electron microscopy 1302:1344 The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images 1298:1359 The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images showed the increased micro-fibril aggregation in BC pellicles grown in the presence of additives to the culture media. 27083837 6 49 theme 1 894:894 arg1 % 895:895 % 895:895 % 895:895 Amongst the tested additives, BC produced in media containing 3% (w/v) pectin had the maximum compressive modulus (142kPa), and BC produced in media containing 1% (w/v) gelatin exhibited the maximum tensile modulus (21MPa). 27083837 10 50 theme microscopy 1335:1344 arg1 images 1354:1359 The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images 1298:1359 The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images 1298:1359 The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images showed the increased micro-fibril aggregation in BC pellicles grown in the presence of additives to the culture media. 27083837 2 51 theme mechanical 209:218 arg1 properties 220:229 the mechanical properties 205:229 the mechanical properties of BC 205:235 Improvement in the mechanical properties of BC is sought for many applications ranging from food to structural composites to biomedical materials. 27083837 1 52 theme high 141:144 arg1 strength 157:164 high mechanical strength 141:164 high mechanical strength 141:164 Bacterial cellulose (BC) exhibits unique properties including high mechanical strength and high crystallinity. 27083837 8 53 theme crystal 1067:1073 arg1 size 1075:1078 crystal size 1067:1078 crystal size 1067:1078 The crystal size and crystallinity of BC was reduced when grown in the presence of CMC and gelatin while pectin only decreased the crystallite size. 27083837 5 54 theme produced 658:665 arg1 BC 667:668 The produced BC 654:668 The produced BC 654:668 The produced BC was then analyzed to determine tensile and compression modulus. 27083837 6 55 theme % 895:895 arg1 gelatin 903:909 1% (w/v) gelatin 894:909 1% (w/v) gelatin 894:909 Amongst the tested additives, BC produced in media containing 3% (w/v) pectin had the maximum compressive modulus (142kPa), and BC produced in media containing 1% (w/v) gelatin exhibited the maximum tensile modulus (21MPa). 27083837 1 56 theme mechanical 146:155 arg1 strength 157:164 high mechanical strength 141:164 high mechanical strength 141:164 Bacterial cellulose (BC) exhibits unique properties including high mechanical strength and high crystallinity. 27083837 6 57 dep % 797:797 arg1 w/v 800:802 w/v 800:802 w/v 800:802 Amongst the tested additives, BC produced in media containing 3% (w/v) pectin had the maximum compressive modulus (142kPa), and BC produced in media containing 1% (w/v) gelatin exhibited the maximum tensile modulus (21MPa). 27083837 0 58 theme composites 67:76 arg1 analysis 35:42 Mechanical and structural property analysis 0:42 Mechanical and structural property analysis of bacterial cellulose composites. 0:77 Mechanical and structural property analysis of bacterial cellulose composites. 27083837 2 59 theme many 251:254 arg1 applications 256:267 many applications 251:267 many applications ranging from food to structural composites to biomedical materials 251:334 Improvement in the mechanical properties of BC is sought for many applications ranging from food to structural composites to biomedical materials. 27083837 10 60 theme additives 1448:1456 arg1 presence 1436:1443 the presence 1432:1443 the presence of additives to the culture media 1432:1477 The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images showed the increased micro-fibril aggregation in BC pellicles grown in the presence of additives to the culture media. 28898513 7 0 theme biofilm 1367:1373 arg1 acidogenicity 1281:1293 acidogenicity 1281:1293 acidogenicity 1281:1293 Compared with sucrose-dependent biofilm, acidogenicity, adherence strength and antimicrobial resistance of sucrose-independent biofilm were only slightly lower. 28898513 7 0 theme biofilm 1367:1373 arg1 strength 1306:1313 adherence strength 1296:1313 adherence strength 1296:1313 Compared with sucrose-dependent biofilm, acidogenicity, adherence strength and antimicrobial resistance of sucrose-independent biofilm were only slightly lower. 28898513 7 0 theme biofilm 1367:1373 arg1 resistance 1333:1342 antimicrobial resistance 1319:1342 antimicrobial resistance 1319:1342 Compared with sucrose-dependent biofilm, acidogenicity, adherence strength and antimicrobial resistance of sucrose-independent biofilm were only slightly lower. 28898513 2 1 with comparison 413:422 arg1 biofilm 447:453 sucrose-dependent biofilm 429:453 sucrose-dependent biofilm 429:453 For developing an in vitro biofilm model of sucrose-independent supragingival plaque, this study aimed to investigate the compositions and functions on contributing to cariogenicity in comparison with sucrose-dependent biofilm. 28898513 9 2 theme sucrose-dependent 1585:1601 arg1 biofilm 1603:1609 sucrose-dependent biofilm 1585:1609 sucrose-dependent biofilm 1585:1609 CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that sucrose-independent biofilm may have cariogenicity as with sucrose-dependent biofilm. 28898513 1 3 theme higher 160:165 arg1 rates 167:171 higher rates 160:171 higher rates of sucrose-independent supragingival plaque formation 160:225 OBJECTIVES Sugar consumption has been decreasing in Japan, suggesting higher rates of sucrose-independent supragingival plaque formation. 28898513 0 4 theme plaque 82:87 arg1 model 59:63 a sucrose-independent in vitro biofilm model 20:63 a sucrose-independent in vitro biofilm model of supragingival plaque 20:87 Characterisation of a sucrose-independent in vitro biofilm model of supragingival plaque. 28898513 10 5 theme caries 1676:1681 arg1 aetiology 1683:1691 plaque-induced caries aetiology 1661:1691 plaque-induced caries aetiology 1661:1691 These in vitro models can help further elucidate plaque-induced caries aetiology and develop new anticaries agents. 28898513 4 6 theme electron 754:761 arg1 microscopy 763:772 scanning electron microscopy 745:772 scanning electron microscopy 745:772 Compositions were assessed by plate culture, scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy after fluorescent in situ hybridisation or labelling of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). 28898513 3 7 theme % 689:689 arg1 sucrose 691:697 1% sucrose 688:697 1% sucrose 688:697 MATERIALS AND METHODS An in vitro multispecies biofilm containing Actinomyces naeslundii, Streptococcus gordonii, S. mutans, Veillonella parvula and Fusobacterium nucleatum was formed on 24-well plates in the absence or presence of 1% sucrose. 28898513 3 8 theme 24-well 643:649 arg1 plates 651:656 24-well plates 643:656 24-well plates in the absence or presence of 1% sucrose 643:697 MATERIALS AND METHODS An in vitro multispecies biofilm containing Actinomyces naeslundii, Streptococcus gordonii, S. mutans, Veillonella parvula and Fusobacterium nucleatum was formed on 24-well plates in the absence or presence of 1% sucrose. 28898513 6 9 dep bacterial 1130:1138 arg1 compositions 1148:1159 compositions 1148:1159 compositions 1148:1159 RESULTS Although both biofilms exhibited a Streptococcus predominant bacterial composition, there were differences in bacterial and EPS compositions; in particular, little glucan EPS was observed in sucrose-independent biofilm. 28898513 4 10 theme extracellular 869:881 arg1 EPS 905:907 EPS 905:907 EPS 905:907 Compositions were assessed by plate culture, scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy after fluorescent in situ hybridisation or labelling of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). 28898513 4 10 theme extracellular 869:881 arg1 substances 893:902 extracellular polymeric substances 869:902 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 869:908 Compositions were assessed by plate culture, scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy after fluorescent in situ hybridisation or labelling of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). 28898513 8 11 theme sucrose-independent 1460:1478 arg1 biofilm 1480:1486 sucrose-independent biofilm 1460:1486 sucrose-independent biofilm 1460:1486 However, dextranase degradation was substantially lower in sucrose-independent biofilm. 28898513 7 12 theme antimicrobial 1319:1331 arg1 resistance 1333:1342 antimicrobial resistance 1319:1342 antimicrobial resistance 1319:1342 Compared with sucrose-dependent biofilm, acidogenicity, adherence strength and antimicrobial resistance of sucrose-independent biofilm were only slightly lower. 28898513 4 13 dep in 831:832 arg1 situ 834:837 situ 834:837 situ 834:837 Compositions were assessed by plate culture, scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy after fluorescent in situ hybridisation or labelling of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). 28898513 8 14 theme dextranase 1410:1419 arg1 degradation 1421:1431 dextranase degradation 1410:1431 dextranase degradation 1410:1431 However, dextranase degradation was substantially lower in sucrose-independent biofilm. 28898513 3 15 dep absence 665:671 arg1 the 661:663 the 661:663 the 661:663 MATERIALS AND METHODS An in vitro multispecies biofilm containing Actinomyces naeslundii, Streptococcus gordonii, S. mutans, Veillonella parvula and Fusobacterium nucleatum was formed on 24-well plates in the absence or presence of 1% sucrose. 28898513 5 16 theme anticaries 993:1002 arg1 agents 1004:1009 anticaries agents 993:1009 anticaries agents 993:1009 Functions were assessed by acidogenicity, adherence strength and sensitivities to anticaries agents. 28898513 3 17 dep MATERIALS 456:464 arg1 biofilm 503:509 An in vitro multispecies biofilm 478:509 An in vitro multispecies biofilm 478:509 MATERIALS AND METHODS An in vitro multispecies biofilm containing Actinomyces naeslundii, Streptococcus gordonii, S. mutans, Veillonella parvula and Fusobacterium nucleatum was formed on 24-well plates in the absence or presence of 1% sucrose. 28898513 2 18 theme plaque 306:311 arg1 model 263:267 an in vitro biofilm model 243:267 an in vitro biofilm model of sucrose-independent supragingival plaque 243:311 For developing an in vitro biofilm model of sucrose-independent supragingival plaque, this study aimed to investigate the compositions and functions on contributing to cariogenicity in comparison with sucrose-dependent biofilm. 28898513 2 19 theme sucrose-dependent 429:445 arg1 biofilm 447:453 sucrose-dependent biofilm 429:453 sucrose-dependent biofilm 429:453 For developing an in vitro biofilm model of sucrose-independent supragingival plaque, this study aimed to investigate the compositions and functions on contributing to cariogenicity in comparison with sucrose-dependent biofilm. 28898513 6 20 from differences 1115:1125 arg1 bacterial 1130:1138 bacterial 1130:1138 bacterial 1130:1138 RESULTS Although both biofilms exhibited a Streptococcus predominant bacterial composition, there were differences in bacterial and EPS compositions; in particular, little glucan EPS was observed in sucrose-independent biofilm. 28898513 6 20 from differences 1115:1125 arg1 EPS 1144:1146 EPS 1144:1146 EPS 1144:1146 RESULTS Although both biofilms exhibited a Streptococcus predominant bacterial composition, there were differences in bacterial and EPS compositions; in particular, little glucan EPS was observed in sucrose-independent biofilm. 28898513 1 21 theme OBJECTIVES 90:99 arg1 consumption 107:117 OBJECTIVES Sugar consumption 90:117 OBJECTIVES Sugar consumption 90:117 OBJECTIVES Sugar consumption has been decreasing in Japan, suggesting higher rates of sucrose-independent supragingival plaque formation. 28898513 1 22 theme supragingival 196:208 arg1 formation 217:225 sucrose-independent supragingival plaque formation 176:225 sucrose-independent supragingival plaque formation 176:225 OBJECTIVES Sugar consumption has been decreasing in Japan, suggesting higher rates of sucrose-independent supragingival plaque formation. 28898513 10 23 theme plaque-induced 1661:1674 arg1 aetiology 1683:1691 plaque-induced caries aetiology 1661:1691 plaque-induced caries aetiology 1661:1691 These in vitro models can help further elucidate plaque-induced caries aetiology and develop new anticaries agents. 28898513 10 24 theme in 1618:1619 arg1 models 1627:1632 These in vitro models 1612:1632 These in vitro models 1612:1632 These in vitro models can help further elucidate plaque-induced caries aetiology and develop new anticaries agents. 28898513 1 25 theme Sugar 101:105 arg1 consumption 107:117 OBJECTIVES Sugar consumption 90:117 OBJECTIVES Sugar consumption 90:117 OBJECTIVES Sugar consumption has been decreasing in Japan, suggesting higher rates of sucrose-independent supragingival plaque formation. 28898513 1 26 theme plaque 210:215 arg1 formation 217:225 sucrose-independent supragingival plaque formation 176:225 sucrose-independent supragingival plaque formation 176:225 OBJECTIVES Sugar consumption has been decreasing in Japan, suggesting higher rates of sucrose-independent supragingival plaque formation. 28898513 0 27 theme sucrose-independent 22:40 arg1 model 59:63 a sucrose-independent in vitro biofilm model 20:63 a sucrose-independent in vitro biofilm model of supragingival plaque 20:87 Characterisation of a sucrose-independent in vitro biofilm model of supragingival plaque. 28898513 6 28 theme glucan 1184:1189 arg1 EPS 1191:1193 little glucan EPS 1177:1193 little glucan EPS 1177:1193 RESULTS Although both biofilms exhibited a Streptococcus predominant bacterial composition, there were differences in bacterial and EPS compositions; in particular, little glucan EPS was observed in sucrose-independent biofilm. 28898513 2 29 from cariogenicity 396:408 arg1 comparison 413:422 comparison 413:422 comparison with sucrose-dependent biofilm 413:453 For developing an in vitro biofilm model of sucrose-independent supragingival plaque, this study aimed to investigate the compositions and functions on contributing to cariogenicity in comparison with sucrose-dependent biofilm. 28898513 4 30 theme in 831:832 arg1 hybridisation 839:851 fluorescent in situ hybridisation 819:851 fluorescent in situ hybridisation 819:851 Compositions were assessed by plate culture, scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy after fluorescent in situ hybridisation or labelling of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). 28898513 1 31 theme formation 217:225 arg1 rates 167:171 higher rates 160:171 higher rates of sucrose-independent supragingival plaque formation 160:225 OBJECTIVES Sugar consumption has been decreasing in Japan, suggesting higher rates of sucrose-independent supragingival plaque formation. 28898513 2 32 dep compositions 350:361 arg1 the 346:348 the 346:348 the 346:348 For developing an in vitro biofilm model of sucrose-independent supragingival plaque, this study aimed to investigate the compositions and functions on contributing to cariogenicity in comparison with sucrose-dependent biofilm. 28898513 6 33 theme predominant 1069:1079 arg1 composition 1091:1101 a Streptococcus predominant bacterial composition 1053:1101 a Streptococcus predominant bacterial composition 1053:1101 RESULTS Although both biofilms exhibited a Streptococcus predominant bacterial composition, there were differences in bacterial and EPS compositions; in particular, little glucan EPS was observed in sucrose-independent biofilm. 28898513 10 34 theme anticaries 1709:1718 arg1 agents 1720:1725 new anticaries agents 1705:1725 new anticaries agents 1705:1725 These in vitro models can help further elucidate plaque-induced caries aetiology and develop new anticaries agents. 28898513 3 35 contain containing 511:520 arg2 Fusobacterium 605:617 Fusobacterium 605:617 Fusobacterium 605:617 MATERIALS AND METHODS An in vitro multispecies biofilm containing Actinomyces naeslundii, Streptococcus gordonii, S. mutans, Veillonella parvula and Fusobacterium nucleatum was formed on 24-well plates in the absence or presence of 1% sucrose. 28898513 3 35 contain containing 511:520 arg2 Actinomyces 522:532 Actinomyces 522:532 Actinomyces 522:532 MATERIALS AND METHODS An in vitro multispecies biofilm containing Actinomyces naeslundii, Streptococcus gordonii, S. mutans, Veillonella parvula and Fusobacterium nucleatum was formed on 24-well plates in the absence or presence of 1% sucrose. 28898513 3 35 contain containing 511:520 arg2 parvula 593:599 parvula 593:599 parvula 593:599 MATERIALS AND METHODS An in vitro multispecies biofilm containing Actinomyces naeslundii, Streptococcus gordonii, S. mutans, Veillonella parvula and Fusobacterium nucleatum was formed on 24-well plates in the absence or presence of 1% sucrose. 28898513 3 35 contain containing 511:520 arg1 MATERIALS 456:464 MATERIALS 456:464 MATERIALS 456:464 MATERIALS AND METHODS An in vitro multispecies biofilm containing Actinomyces naeslundii, Streptococcus gordonii, S. mutans, Veillonella parvula and Fusobacterium nucleatum was formed on 24-well plates in the absence or presence of 1% sucrose. 28898513 3 35 contain containing 511:520 arg2 Veillonella 581:591 Veillonella 581:591 Veillonella 581:591 MATERIALS AND METHODS An in vitro multispecies biofilm containing Actinomyces naeslundii, Streptococcus gordonii, S. mutans, Veillonella parvula and Fusobacterium nucleatum was formed on 24-well plates in the absence or presence of 1% sucrose. 28898513 3 35 contain containing 511:520 arg2 Streptococcus 546:558 Streptococcus 546:558 Streptococcus 546:558 MATERIALS AND METHODS An in vitro multispecies biofilm containing Actinomyces naeslundii, Streptococcus gordonii, S. mutans, Veillonella parvula and Fusobacterium nucleatum was formed on 24-well plates in the absence or presence of 1% sucrose. 28898513 4 36 theme fluorescent 819:829 arg1 hybridisation 839:851 fluorescent in situ hybridisation 819:851 fluorescent in situ hybridisation 819:851 Compositions were assessed by plate culture, scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy after fluorescent in situ hybridisation or labelling of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). 28898513 6 37 theme sucrose-independent 1211:1229 arg1 biofilm 1231:1237 sucrose-independent biofilm 1211:1237 sucrose-independent biofilm 1211:1237 RESULTS Although both biofilms exhibited a Streptococcus predominant bacterial composition, there were differences in bacterial and EPS compositions; in particular, little glucan EPS was observed in sucrose-independent biofilm. 28898513 6 38 theme Streptococcus 1055:1067 arg1 composition 1091:1101 a Streptococcus predominant bacterial composition 1053:1101 a Streptococcus predominant bacterial composition 1053:1101 RESULTS Although both biofilms exhibited a Streptococcus predominant bacterial composition, there were differences in bacterial and EPS compositions; in particular, little glucan EPS was observed in sucrose-independent biofilm. 28898513 10 39 theme new 1705:1707 arg1 agents 1720:1725 new anticaries agents 1705:1725 new anticaries agents 1705:1725 These in vitro models can help further elucidate plaque-induced caries aetiology and develop new anticaries agents. 28898513 2 40 theme biofilm 255:261 arg1 model 263:267 an in vitro biofilm model 243:267 an in vitro biofilm model of sucrose-independent supragingival plaque 243:311 For developing an in vitro biofilm model of sucrose-independent supragingival plaque, this study aimed to investigate the compositions and functions on contributing to cariogenicity in comparison with sucrose-dependent biofilm. 28898513 3 41 theme in 481:482 arg1 biofilm 503:509 An in vitro multispecies biofilm 478:509 An in vitro multispecies biofilm 478:509 MATERIALS AND METHODS An in vitro multispecies biofilm containing Actinomyces naeslundii, Streptococcus gordonii, S. mutans, Veillonella parvula and Fusobacterium nucleatum was formed on 24-well plates in the absence or presence of 1% sucrose. 28898513 7 42 theme sucrose-dependent 1254:1270 arg1 biofilm 1272:1278 sucrose-dependent biofilm 1254:1278 sucrose-dependent biofilm 1254:1278 Compared with sucrose-dependent biofilm, acidogenicity, adherence strength and antimicrobial resistance of sucrose-independent biofilm were only slightly lower. 28898513 0 43 theme in 42:43 arg1 model 59:63 a sucrose-independent in vitro biofilm model 20:63 a sucrose-independent in vitro biofilm model of supragingival plaque 20:87 Characterisation of a sucrose-independent in vitro biofilm model of supragingival plaque. 28898513 5 44 theme adherence 953:961 arg1 strength 963:970 adherence strength 953:970 adherence strength 953:970 Functions were assessed by acidogenicity, adherence strength and sensitivities to anticaries agents. 28898513 3 45 theme sucrose 691:697 arg1 absence 665:671 absence 665:671 absence 665:671 MATERIALS AND METHODS An in vitro multispecies biofilm containing Actinomyces naeslundii, Streptococcus gordonii, S. mutans, Veillonella parvula and Fusobacterium nucleatum was formed on 24-well plates in the absence or presence of 1% sucrose. 28898513 3 45 theme sucrose 691:697 arg1 presence 676:683 presence 676:683 presence 676:683 MATERIALS AND METHODS An in vitro multispecies biofilm containing Actinomyces naeslundii, Streptococcus gordonii, S. mutans, Veillonella parvula and Fusobacterium nucleatum was formed on 24-well plates in the absence or presence of 1% sucrose. 28898513 3 46 dep in 481:482 arg1 vitro 484:488 vitro 484:488 vitro 484:488 MATERIALS AND METHODS An in vitro multispecies biofilm containing Actinomyces naeslundii, Streptococcus gordonii, S. mutans, Veillonella parvula and Fusobacterium nucleatum was formed on 24-well plates in the absence or presence of 1% sucrose. 28898513 6 47 theme little 1177:1182 arg1 EPS 1191:1193 little glucan EPS 1177:1193 little glucan EPS 1177:1193 RESULTS Although both biofilms exhibited a Streptococcus predominant bacterial composition, there were differences in bacterial and EPS compositions; in particular, little glucan EPS was observed in sucrose-independent biofilm. 28898513 0 48 theme model 59:63 arg1 Characterisation 0:15 Characterisation 0:15 Characterisation of a sucrose-independent in vitro biofilm model of supragingival plaque. 0:88 Characterisation of a sucrose-independent in vitro biofilm model of supragingival plaque. 28898513 6 49 located observed 1199:1206 arg2 EPS 1191:1193 little glucan EPS 1177:1193 little glucan EPS 1177:1193 RESULTS Although both biofilms exhibited a Streptococcus predominant bacterial composition, there were differences in bacterial and EPS compositions; in particular, little glucan EPS was observed in sucrose-independent biofilm. 28898513 6 49 located observed 1199:1206 arg1 particular 1165:1174 particular 1165:1174 particular 1165:1174 RESULTS Although both biofilms exhibited a Streptococcus predominant bacterial composition, there were differences in bacterial and EPS compositions; in particular, little glucan EPS was observed in sucrose-independent biofilm. 28898513 6 49 located observed 1199:1206 arg1 biofilm 1231:1237 sucrose-independent biofilm 1211:1237 sucrose-independent biofilm 1211:1237 RESULTS Although both biofilms exhibited a Streptococcus predominant bacterial composition, there were differences in bacterial and EPS compositions; in particular, little glucan EPS was observed in sucrose-independent biofilm. 28898513 2 50 theme in 246:247 arg1 model 263:267 an in vitro biofilm model 243:267 an in vitro biofilm model of sucrose-independent supragingival plaque 243:311 For developing an in vitro biofilm model of sucrose-independent supragingival plaque, this study aimed to investigate the compositions and functions on contributing to cariogenicity in comparison with sucrose-dependent biofilm. 28898513 4 51 theme confocal 778:785 arg1 microscopy 802:811 confocal laser scanning microscopy 778:811 confocal laser scanning microscopy 778:811 Compositions were assessed by plate culture, scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy after fluorescent in situ hybridisation or labelling of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). 28898513 0 52 theme biofilm 51:57 arg1 model 59:63 a sucrose-independent in vitro biofilm model 20:63 a sucrose-independent in vitro biofilm model of supragingival plaque 20:87 Characterisation of a sucrose-independent in vitro biofilm model of supragingival plaque. 28898513 0 53 dep in 42:43 arg1 vitro 45:49 vitro 45:49 vitro 45:49 Characterisation of a sucrose-independent in vitro biofilm model of supragingival plaque. 28898513 3 54 dep Fusobacterium 605:617 arg1 nucleatum 619:627 Fusobacterium nucleatum 605:627 Fusobacterium nucleatum 605:627 MATERIALS AND METHODS An in vitro multispecies biofilm containing Actinomyces naeslundii, Streptococcus gordonii, S. mutans, Veillonella parvula and Fusobacterium nucleatum was formed on 24-well plates in the absence or presence of 1% sucrose. 28898513 10 55 dep in 1618:1619 arg1 vitro 1621:1625 vitro 1621:1625 vitro 1621:1625 These in vitro models can help further elucidate plaque-induced caries aetiology and develop new anticaries agents. 28898513 9 56 dep CONCLUSION 1489:1498 arg1 suggest 1513:1519 suggest 1513:1519 suggest that sucrose-independent biofilm may have cariogenicity as with sucrose-dependent biofilm 1513:1609 CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that sucrose-independent biofilm may have cariogenicity as with sucrose-dependent biofilm. 28898513 3 57 theme 1 688:688 arg1 % 689:689 % 689:689 % 689:689 MATERIALS AND METHODS An in vitro multispecies biofilm containing Actinomyces naeslundii, Streptococcus gordonii, S. mutans, Veillonella parvula and Fusobacterium nucleatum was formed on 24-well plates in the absence or presence of 1% sucrose. 28898513 2 58 theme supragingival 292:304 arg1 plaque 306:311 sucrose-independent supragingival plaque 272:311 sucrose-independent supragingival plaque 272:311 For developing an in vitro biofilm model of sucrose-independent supragingival plaque, this study aimed to investigate the compositions and functions on contributing to cariogenicity in comparison with sucrose-dependent biofilm. 28898513 9 59 theme sucrose-independent 1526:1544 arg1 biofilm 1546:1552 sucrose-independent biofilm 1526:1552 sucrose-independent biofilm 1526:1552 CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that sucrose-independent biofilm may have cariogenicity as with sucrose-dependent biofilm. 28898513 4 60 theme scanning 793:800 arg1 microscopy 802:811 confocal laser scanning microscopy 778:811 confocal laser scanning microscopy 778:811 Compositions were assessed by plate culture, scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy after fluorescent in situ hybridisation or labelling of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). 28898513 3 61 from plates 651:656 arg1 absence 665:671 absence 665:671 absence 665:671 MATERIALS AND METHODS An in vitro multispecies biofilm containing Actinomyces naeslundii, Streptococcus gordonii, S. mutans, Veillonella parvula and Fusobacterium nucleatum was formed on 24-well plates in the absence or presence of 1% sucrose. 28898513 3 61 from plates 651:656 arg1 presence 676:683 presence 676:683 presence 676:683 MATERIALS AND METHODS An in vitro multispecies biofilm containing Actinomyces naeslundii, Streptococcus gordonii, S. mutans, Veillonella parvula and Fusobacterium nucleatum was formed on 24-well plates in the absence or presence of 1% sucrose. 28898513 2 62 theme sucrose-independent 272:290 arg1 plaque 306:311 sucrose-independent supragingival plaque 272:311 sucrose-independent supragingival plaque 272:311 For developing an in vitro biofilm model of sucrose-independent supragingival plaque, this study aimed to investigate the compositions and functions on contributing to cariogenicity in comparison with sucrose-dependent biofilm. 28898513 4 63 theme laser 787:791 arg1 microscopy 802:811 confocal laser scanning microscopy 778:811 confocal laser scanning microscopy 778:811 Compositions were assessed by plate culture, scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy after fluorescent in situ hybridisation or labelling of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). 28898513 6 64 theme bacterial 1081:1089 arg1 composition 1091:1101 a Streptococcus predominant bacterial composition 1053:1101 a Streptococcus predominant bacterial composition 1053:1101 RESULTS Although both biofilms exhibited a Streptococcus predominant bacterial composition, there were differences in bacterial and EPS compositions; in particular, little glucan EPS was observed in sucrose-independent biofilm. 28898513 3 65 theme multispecies 490:501 arg1 biofilm 503:509 An in vitro multispecies biofilm 478:509 An in vitro multispecies biofilm 478:509 MATERIALS AND METHODS An in vitro multispecies biofilm containing Actinomyces naeslundii, Streptococcus gordonii, S. mutans, Veillonella parvula and Fusobacterium nucleatum was formed on 24-well plates in the absence or presence of 1% sucrose. 28898513 0 66 theme supragingival 68:80 arg1 plaque 82:87 supragingival plaque 68:87 supragingival plaque 68:87 Characterisation of a sucrose-independent in vitro biofilm model of supragingival plaque. 28898513 4 67 theme substances 893:902 arg1 hybridisation 839:851 fluorescent in situ hybridisation 819:851 fluorescent in situ hybridisation 819:851 Compositions were assessed by plate culture, scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy after fluorescent in situ hybridisation or labelling of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). 28898513 4 67 theme substances 893:902 arg1 labelling 856:864 labelling 856:864 labelling of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 856:908 Compositions were assessed by plate culture, scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy after fluorescent in situ hybridisation or labelling of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). 28898513 2 68 dep in 246:247 arg1 vitro 249:253 vitro 249:253 vitro 249:253 For developing an in vitro biofilm model of sucrose-independent supragingival plaque, this study aimed to investigate the compositions and functions on contributing to cariogenicity in comparison with sucrose-dependent biofilm. 28898513 4 69 theme scanning 745:752 arg1 microscopy 763:772 scanning electron microscopy 745:772 scanning electron microscopy 745:772 Compositions were assessed by plate culture, scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy after fluorescent in situ hybridisation or labelling of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). 28898513 1 70 theme sucrose-independent 176:194 arg1 formation 217:225 sucrose-independent supragingival plaque formation 176:225 sucrose-independent supragingival plaque formation 176:225 OBJECTIVES Sugar consumption has been decreasing in Japan, suggesting higher rates of sucrose-independent supragingival plaque formation. 28898513 4 71 theme plate 730:734 arg1 culture 736:742 plate culture 730:742 plate culture 730:742 Compositions were assessed by plate culture, scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy after fluorescent in situ hybridisation or labelling of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). 28898513 4 72 theme polymeric 883:891 arg1 EPS 905:907 EPS 905:907 EPS 905:907 Compositions were assessed by plate culture, scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy after fluorescent in situ hybridisation or labelling of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). 28898513 4 72 theme polymeric 883:891 arg1 substances 893:902 extracellular polymeric substances 869:902 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 869:908 Compositions were assessed by plate culture, scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy after fluorescent in situ hybridisation or labelling of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). 28898513 9 73 contain have 1558:1561 arg2 cariogenicity 1563:1575 cariogenicity 1563:1575 cariogenicity 1563:1575 CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that sucrose-independent biofilm may have cariogenicity as with sucrose-dependent biofilm. 28898513 9 73 contain have 1558:1561 arg1 biofilm 1546:1552 sucrose-independent biofilm 1526:1552 sucrose-independent biofilm 1526:1552 CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that sucrose-independent biofilm may have cariogenicity as with sucrose-dependent biofilm. 28898513 7 74 theme adherence 1296:1304 arg1 strength 1306:1313 adherence strength 1296:1313 adherence strength 1296:1313 Compared with sucrose-dependent biofilm, acidogenicity, adherence strength and antimicrobial resistance of sucrose-independent biofilm were only slightly lower. 28898513 7 75 theme sucrose-independent 1347:1365 arg1 biofilm 1367:1373 sucrose-independent biofilm 1347:1373 sucrose-independent biofilm 1347:1373 Compared with sucrose-dependent biofilm, acidogenicity, adherence strength and antimicrobial resistance of sucrose-independent biofilm were only slightly lower. 29134936 10 0 theme phenotypic 1133:1142 arg1 characteristics 1163:1177 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1133:1177 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1133:1177 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, and DNA-DNA relatedness value, strain AS7T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus xanthanilyticus sp. 29134936 4 1 theme Phylogenetic 321:332 arg1 analysis 334:341 Phylogenetic analysis 321:341 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 321:382 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain AS7T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest level of sequence similarity with Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T (98.0 %). 29134936 10 2 theme xanthanilyticus 1311:1325 arg1 sp 1327:1328 the name Paenibacillus xanthanilyticus sp 1288:1328 the name Paenibacillus xanthanilyticus sp 1288:1328 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, and DNA-DNA relatedness value, strain AS7T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus xanthanilyticus sp. 29134936 9 3 theme G+C 940:942 arg1 content 944:950 The G+C content 936:950 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 936:969 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 51.0 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain AS7T and P. phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T was only 14.4±2.5 %. 29134936 9 3 theme G+C 940:942 arg1 % 983:983 51.0 mol% 975:983 51.0 mol% 975:983 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 51.0 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain AS7T and P. phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T was only 14.4±2.5 %. 29134936 3 4 theme Strain 228:233 arg1 bacterium 310:318 a Gram-stain-variable, spore-forming, motile, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium 244:318 a Gram-stain-variable, spore-forming, motile, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium 244:318 Strain AS7T was a Gram-stain-variable, spore-forming, motile, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. 29134936 3 4 theme Strain 228:233 arg1 AS7T 235:238 Strain AS7T 228:238 Strain AS7T 228:238 Strain AS7T was a Gram-stain-variable, spore-forming, motile, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. 29134936 4 5 theme strain 398:403 arg1 AS7T 405:408 strain AS7T 398:408 strain AS7T 398:408 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain AS7T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest level of sequence similarity with Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T (98.0 %). 29134936 9 6 theme DNA-DNA 993:999 arg1 hybridization 1001:1013 the DNA-DNA hybridization 989:1013 the DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain AS7T and P. phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T 989:1071 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 51.0 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain AS7T and P. phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T was only 14.4±2.5 %. 29134936 4 7 theme phyllosphaerae 514:527 arg1 % 545:545 98.0 % 540:545 98.0 % 540:545 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain AS7T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest level of sequence similarity with Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T (98.0 %). 29134936 4 7 theme phyllosphaerae 514:527 arg1 PALXIL04T 529:537 Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T 500:537 Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T (98.0 %) 500:546 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain AS7T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest level of sequence similarity with Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T (98.0 %). 29134936 6 8 theme isoprenoid 635:644 arg1 quinone 646:652 the dominant isoprenoid quinone 622:652 the dominant isoprenoid quinone 622:652 MK-7 was the dominant isoprenoid quinone and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 29134936 6 8 theme isoprenoid 635:644 arg1 MK-7 613:616 MK-7 613:616 MK-7 613:616 MK-7 was the dominant isoprenoid quinone and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 29134936 10 9 theme Paenibacillus 1263:1275 arg1 genus 1257:1261 the genus Paenibacillus 1253:1275 the genus Paenibacillus 1253:1275 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, and DNA-DNA relatedness value, strain AS7T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus xanthanilyticus sp. 29134936 9 10 theme hybridization 1001:1013 arg1 value 1015:1019 the DNA-DNA hybridization value 989:1019 the DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain AS7T and P. phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T 989:1071 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 51.0 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain AS7T and P. phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T was only 14.4±2.5 %. 29134936 10 11 theme genus 1257:1261 arg1 species 1242:1248 a novel species 1234:1248 a novel species 1234:1248 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, and DNA-DNA relatedness value, strain AS7T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus xanthanilyticus sp. 29134936 10 12 theme chemotaxonomic 1148:1161 arg1 characteristics 1163:1177 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1133:1177 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1133:1177 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, and DNA-DNA relatedness value, strain AS7T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus xanthanilyticus sp. 29134936 4 13 theme similarity 484:493 arg1 level 466:470 the highest level 454:470 the highest level of sequence similarity 454:493 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain AS7T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest level of sequence similarity with Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T (98.0 %). 29134936 3 14 theme Gram-stain-variable 246:264 arg1 bacterium 310:318 a Gram-stain-variable, spore-forming, motile, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium 244:318 a Gram-stain-variable, spore-forming, motile, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium 244:318 Strain AS7T was a Gram-stain-variable, spore-forming, motile, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. 29134936 3 14 theme Gram-stain-variable 246:264 arg1 AS7T 235:238 Strain AS7T 228:238 Strain AS7T 228:238 Strain AS7T was a Gram-stain-variable, spore-forming, motile, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. 29134936 4 15 theme sequence 366:373 arg1 analysis 375:382 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 352:382 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 352:382 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain AS7T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest level of sequence similarity with Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T (98.0 %). 29134936 12 16 theme type 1353:1356 arg1 strain 1358:1363 The type strain 1349:1363 The type strain 1349:1363 The type strain is AS7T (=IBRC M 10987T=LMG 29451T). 29134936 12 16 theme type 1353:1356 arg1 AS7T 1368:1371 AS7T 1368:1371 AS7T (=IBRC M 10987T=LMG 29451T) 1368:1399 The type strain is AS7T (=IBRC M 10987T=LMG 29451T). 29134936 0 17 theme xanthanilyticus 14:28 arg1 sp 30:31 Paenibacillus xanthanilyticus sp 0:31 Paenibacillus xanthanilyticus sp. 0:32 Paenibacillus xanthanilyticus sp. 29134936 4 18 theme sequence 475:482 arg1 similarity 484:493 sequence similarity 475:493 sequence similarity 475:493 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain AS7T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest level of sequence similarity with Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T (98.0 %). 29134936 4 19 theme gene 361:364 arg1 analysis 375:382 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 352:382 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 352:382 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain AS7T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest level of sequence similarity with Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T (98.0 %). 29134936 0 20 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 30:31 Paenibacillus xanthanilyticus sp 0:31 Paenibacillus xanthanilyticus sp. 0:32 Paenibacillus xanthanilyticus sp. 29134936 8 21 with consistent 870:879 arg1 isolate 890:896 the isolate 886:896 the isolate belonging to the genus Paenibacillus 886:933 These chemotaxonomic characteristics were consistent with the isolate belonging to the genus Paenibacillus. 29134936 9 22 dep P. 1045:1046 arg1 phyllosphaerae 1048:1061 phyllosphaerae 1048:1061 phyllosphaerae 1048:1061 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 51.0 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain AS7T and P. phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T was only 14.4±2.5 %. 29134936 10 23 theme name 1292:1295 arg1 sp 1327:1328 the name Paenibacillus xanthanilyticus sp 1288:1328 the name Paenibacillus xanthanilyticus sp 1288:1328 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, and DNA-DNA relatedness value, strain AS7T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus xanthanilyticus sp. 29134936 12 24 theme 10987T=LMG 1382:1391 arg1 29451T 1393:1398 =IBRC M 10987T=LMG 29451T 1374:1398 =IBRC M 10987T=LMG 29451T 1374:1398 The type strain is AS7T (=IBRC M 10987T=LMG 29451T). 29134936 12 24 theme 10987T=LMG 1382:1391 arg1 AS7T 1368:1371 AS7T 1368:1371 AS7T (=IBRC M 10987T=LMG 29451T) 1368:1399 The type strain is AS7T (=IBRC M 10987T=LMG 29451T). 29134936 9 25 theme P. 1045:1046 arg1 PALXIL04T 1063:1071 P. phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T 1045:1071 P. phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T 1045:1071 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 51.0 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain AS7T and P. phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T was only 14.4±2.5 %. 29134936 10 26 theme relatedness 1192:1202 arg1 value 1204:1208 DNA-DNA relatedness value 1184:1208 DNA-DNA relatedness value 1184:1208 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, and DNA-DNA relatedness value, strain AS7T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus xanthanilyticus sp. 29134936 5 27 theme cell-wall 553:561 arg1 peptidoglycan 563:575 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 549:575 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 549:575 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 29134936 10 28 theme DNA-DNA 1184:1190 arg1 relatedness 1192:1202 DNA-DNA relatedness 1184:1202 DNA-DNA relatedness value 1184:1208 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, and DNA-DNA relatedness value, strain AS7T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus xanthanilyticus sp. 29134936 2 29 theme taxonomic 165:173 arg1 position 175:182 its taxonomic position 161:182 its taxonomic position 161:182 A xanthan-degrading bacterium, strain AS7T, was isolated from soil and its taxonomic position was determined using a polyphasic approach. 29134936 10 30 dep analyses 1123:1130 arg1 basis 1101:1105 basis 1101:1105 basis 1101:1105 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, and DNA-DNA relatedness value, strain AS7T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus xanthanilyticus sp. 29134936 10 30 dep analyses 1123:1130 arg1 the 1097:1099 the 1097:1099 the 1097:1099 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, and DNA-DNA relatedness value, strain AS7T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus xanthanilyticus sp. 29134936 4 31 theme highest 458:464 arg1 level 466:470 the highest level 454:470 the highest level of sequence similarity 454:493 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain AS7T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest level of sequence similarity with Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T (98.0 %). 29134936 5 32 contain contained 577:585 arg2 acid 607:610 meso-diaminopimelic acid 587:610 meso-diaminopimelic acid 587:610 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 29134936 5 32 contain contained 577:585 arg1 peptidoglycan 563:575 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 549:575 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 549:575 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 29134936 2 33 theme xanthan-degrading 92:108 arg1 strain 121:126 strain AS7T 121:131 strain AS7T 121:131 A xanthan-degrading bacterium, strain AS7T, was isolated from soil and its taxonomic position was determined using a polyphasic approach. 29134936 2 33 theme xanthan-degrading 92:108 arg1 bacterium 110:118 A xanthan-degrading bacterium 90:118 A xanthan-degrading bacterium 90:118 A xanthan-degrading bacterium, strain AS7T, was isolated from soil and its taxonomic position was determined using a polyphasic approach. 29134936 3 34 dep Gram-stain-variable 246:264 arg1 aerobic 290:296 aerobic 290:296 aerobic 290:296 Strain AS7T was a Gram-stain-variable, spore-forming, motile, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. 29134936 3 34 dep Gram-stain-variable 246:264 arg1 motile 282:287 motile 282:287 motile 282:287 Strain AS7T was a Gram-stain-variable, spore-forming, motile, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. 29134936 3 34 dep Gram-stain-variable 246:264 arg1 spore-forming 267:279 spore-forming 267:279 spore-forming 267:279 Strain AS7T was a Gram-stain-variable, spore-forming, motile, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. 29134936 3 34 dep Gram-stain-variable 246:264 arg1 rod-shaped 299:308 rod-shaped 299:308 rod-shaped 299:308 Strain AS7T was a Gram-stain-variable, spore-forming, motile, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. 29134936 9 35 theme genomic 959:965 arg1 DNA 967:969 the genomic DNA 955:969 the genomic DNA 955:969 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 51.0 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain AS7T and P. phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T was only 14.4±2.5 %. 29134936 10 36 theme phylogenetic 1110:1121 arg1 analyses 1123:1130 phylogenetic analyses 1110:1130 phylogenetic analyses 1110:1130 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, and DNA-DNA relatedness value, strain AS7T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus xanthanilyticus sp. 29134936 2 37 theme polyphasic 207:216 arg1 approach 218:225 a polyphasic approach 205:225 a polyphasic approach 205:225 A xanthan-degrading bacterium, strain AS7T, was isolated from soil and its taxonomic position was determined using a polyphasic approach. 29134936 4 38 theme rRNA 356:359 arg1 analysis 375:382 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 352:382 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 352:382 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain AS7T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest level of sequence similarity with Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T (98.0 %). 29134936 7 39 theme Polar 700:704 arg1 lipids 706:711 Polar lipids 700:711 Polar lipids 700:711 Polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and two unknown phospholipids. 29134936 10 40 theme Paenibacillus 1297:1309 arg1 sp 1327:1328 the name Paenibacillus xanthanilyticus sp 1288:1328 the name Paenibacillus xanthanilyticus sp 1288:1328 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, and DNA-DNA relatedness value, strain AS7T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus xanthanilyticus sp. 29134936 10 41 theme strain 1211:1216 arg1 AS7T 1218:1221 strain AS7T 1211:1221 strain AS7T 1211:1221 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, and DNA-DNA relatedness value, strain AS7T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus xanthanilyticus sp. 29134936 9 42 theme DNA 967:969 arg1 content 944:950 The G+C content 936:950 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 936:969 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 51.0 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain AS7T and P. phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T was only 14.4±2.5 %. 29134936 9 42 theme DNA 967:969 arg1 % 983:983 51.0 mol% 975:983 51.0 mol% 975:983 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 51.0 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain AS7T and P. phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T was only 14.4±2.5 %. 29134936 12 43 theme =IBRC M 1374:1380 arg1 29451T 1393:1398 =IBRC M 10987T=LMG 29451T 1374:1398 =IBRC M 10987T=LMG 29451T 1374:1398 The type strain is AS7T (=IBRC M 10987T=LMG 29451T). 29134936 12 43 theme =IBRC M 1374:1380 arg1 AS7T 1368:1371 AS7T 1368:1371 AS7T (=IBRC M 10987T=LMG 29451T) 1368:1399 The type strain is AS7T (=IBRC M 10987T=LMG 29451T). 29134936 4 44 theme 16S 352:354 arg1 rRNA 356:359 16S rRNA 352:359 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 352:382 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain AS7T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest level of sequence similarity with Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T (98.0 %). 29134936 5 45 theme meso-diaminopimelic 587:605 arg1 acid 607:610 meso-diaminopimelic acid 587:610 meso-diaminopimelic acid 587:610 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 29134936 4 46 theme Paenibacillus 431:443 arg1 genus 425:429 the genus Paenibacillus 421:443 the genus Paenibacillus 421:443 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain AS7T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest level of sequence similarity with Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T (98.0 %). 29134936 2 47 attach isolated 138:145 arg2 bacterium 110:118 A xanthan-degrading bacterium 90:118 A xanthan-degrading bacterium 90:118 A xanthan-degrading bacterium, strain AS7T, was isolated from soil and its taxonomic position was determined using a polyphasic approach. 29134936 2 47 attach isolated 138:145 arg2 strain 121:126 strain AS7T 121:131 strain AS7T 121:131 A xanthan-degrading bacterium, strain AS7T, was isolated from soil and its taxonomic position was determined using a polyphasic approach. 29134936 2 47 attach isolated 138:145 arg1 soil 152:155 soil 152:155 soil 152:155 A xanthan-degrading bacterium, strain AS7T, was isolated from soil and its taxonomic position was determined using a polyphasic approach. 29134936 6 48 theme fatty 668:672 arg1  0 696:697  0 696:697  0 696:697 MK-7 was the dominant isoprenoid quinone and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 29134936 6 48 theme fatty 668:672 arg1 acid 674:677 the major fatty acid 658:677 the major fatty acid 658:677 MK-7 was the dominant isoprenoid quinone and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 29134936 7 49 theme unknown 805:811 arg1 phospholipids 813:825 two unknown phospholipids 801:825 two unknown phospholipids 801:825 Polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and two unknown phospholipids. 29134936 9 50 theme 51.0 mol 975:982 arg1 content 944:950 The G+C content 936:950 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 936:969 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 51.0 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain AS7T and P. phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T was only 14.4±2.5 %. 29134936 9 50 theme 51.0 mol 975:982 arg1 % 983:983 51.0 mol% 975:983 51.0 mol% 975:983 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 51.0 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain AS7T and P. phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T was only 14.4±2.5 %. 29134936 8 51 theme Paenibacillus 921:933 arg1 genus 915:919 the genus Paenibacillus 911:933 the genus Paenibacillus 911:933 These chemotaxonomic characteristics were consistent with the isolate belonging to the genus Paenibacillus. 29134936 9 52 theme strain 1029:1034 arg1 AS7T 1036:1039 strain AS7T 1029:1039 strain AS7T 1029:1039 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 51.0 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain AS7T and P. phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T was only 14.4±2.5 %. 29134936 6 53 theme major 662:666 arg1  0 696:697  0 696:697  0 696:697 MK-7 was the dominant isoprenoid quinone and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 29134936 6 53 theme major 662:666 arg1 acid 674:677 the major fatty acid 658:677 the major fatty acid 658:677 MK-7 was the dominant isoprenoid quinone and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 29134936 8 54 theme chemotaxonomic 834:847 arg1 characteristics 849:863 These chemotaxonomic characteristics 828:863 These chemotaxonomic characteristics 828:863 These chemotaxonomic characteristics were consistent with the isolate belonging to the genus Paenibacillus. 29134936 4 55 theme Paenibacillus 500:512 arg1 % 545:545 98.0 % 540:545 98.0 % 540:545 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain AS7T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest level of sequence similarity with Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T (98.0 %). 29134936 4 55 theme Paenibacillus 500:512 arg1 PALXIL04T 529:537 Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T 500:537 Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T (98.0 %) 500:546 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain AS7T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest level of sequence similarity with Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T (98.0 %). 29134936 1 56 theme xanthan-degrading 42:58 arg1 bacterium 60:68 a xanthan-degrading bacterium 40:68 a xanthan-degrading bacterium 40:68 nov., a xanthan-degrading bacterium isolated from soil. 29134936 1 56 theme xanthan-degrading 42:58 arg1 nov. 34:37 nov. 34:37 nov. 34:37 nov., a xanthan-degrading bacterium isolated from soil. 29134936 6 57 theme dominant 626:633 arg1 quinone 646:652 the dominant isoprenoid quinone 622:652 the dominant isoprenoid quinone 622:652 MK-7 was the dominant isoprenoid quinone and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 29134936 6 57 theme dominant 626:633 arg1 MK-7 613:616 MK-7 613:616 MK-7 613:616 MK-7 was the dominant isoprenoid quinone and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 29134936 10 58 theme novel 1236:1240 arg1 species 1242:1248 a novel species 1234:1248 a novel species 1234:1248 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, and DNA-DNA relatedness value, strain AS7T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus xanthanilyticus sp. 27163240 7 0 theme light 1388:1392 arg1 LALLS 1406:1410 LALLS 1406:1410 LALLS 1406:1410 Simultaneously, the particle size data were obtained using a low-angle laser light scattering (LALLS) system and scanning electron microscopy was performed in order to examine the relationship between the rheological properties and the inner structure of the materials. 27163240 7 0 theme light 1388:1392 arg1 scattering 1394:1403 low-angle laser light scattering 1372:1403 a low-angle laser light scattering (LALLS) system 1370:1418 Simultaneously, the particle size data were obtained using a low-angle laser light scattering (LALLS) system and scanning electron microscopy was performed in order to examine the relationship between the rheological properties and the inner structure of the materials. 27163240 4 1 theme shear 847:851 arg1 cell 853:856 a rotational shear cell 834:856 a rotational shear cell 834:856 In this work, rheological properties of four common excipients (pregelatinized maize starch, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium and magnesium stearate) were studied by the FT4 Powder Rheometer, which was used for measuring the compressibility index by a piston and flow properties of the powders by a rotational shear cell. 27163240 6 2 theme compressed 1116:1125 arg1 densities 1127:1135 conditioned and compressed densities 1100:1135 conditioned and compressed densities 1100:1135 The bulk (conditioned and compressed densities, compressibility index), dynamic (basic flowability energy) and shear (friction coefficient, flow factor) properties were determined to find an optimum ratio of the glidant. 27163240 6 2 theme compressed 1116:1125 arg1 index 1154:1158 compressibility index 1138:1158 compressibility index 1138:1158 The bulk (conditioned and compressed densities, compressibility index), dynamic (basic flowability energy) and shear (friction coefficient, flow factor) properties were determined to find an optimum ratio of the glidant. 27163240 10 3 theme powder 2019:2024 arg1 characteristics 1996:2010 the basic characteristics 1986:2010 the basic characteristics of the powder in the pharmaceutical research and development 1986:2071 New findings represent a progress towards future application of determining the optimum concentration of glidant from the basic characteristics of the powder in the pharmaceutical research and development. 27163240 4 4 theme common 565:570 arg1 excipients 572:581 four common excipients 560:581 four common excipients (pregelatinized maize starch, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium and magnesium stearate) 560:685 In this work, rheological properties of four common excipients (pregelatinized maize starch, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium and magnesium stearate) were studied by the FT4 Powder Rheometer, which was used for measuring the compressibility index by a piston and flow properties of the powders by a rotational shear cell. 27163240 10 5 theme New 1868:1870 arg1 findings 1872:1879 New findings 1868:1879 New findings 1868:1879 New findings represent a progress towards future application of determining the optimum concentration of glidant from the basic characteristics of the powder in the pharmaceutical research and development. 27163240 8 6 theme mixture 1616:1622 arg1 composition 1624:1634 the mixture composition 1612:1634 the mixture composition 1612:1634 The optimum of flowability for the mixture composition was found, to correspond to empirical findings known from general literature. 27163240 7 7 theme low-angle 1372:1380 arg1 LALLS 1406:1410 LALLS 1406:1410 LALLS 1406:1410 Simultaneously, the particle size data were obtained using a low-angle laser light scattering (LALLS) system and scanning electron microscopy was performed in order to examine the relationship between the rheological properties and the inner structure of the materials. 27163240 7 7 theme low-angle 1372:1380 arg1 scattering 1394:1403 low-angle laser light scattering 1372:1403 a low-angle laser light scattering (LALLS) system 1370:1418 Simultaneously, the particle size data were obtained using a low-angle laser light scattering (LALLS) system and scanning electron microscopy was performed in order to examine the relationship between the rheological properties and the inner structure of the materials. 27163240 6 8 theme conditioned 1100:1110 arg1 densities 1127:1135 conditioned and compressed densities 1100:1135 conditioned and compressed densities 1100:1135 The bulk (conditioned and compressed densities, compressibility index), dynamic (basic flowability energy) and shear (friction coefficient, flow factor) properties were determined to find an optimum ratio of the glidant. 27163240 6 8 theme conditioned 1100:1110 arg1 index 1154:1158 compressibility index 1138:1158 compressibility index 1138:1158 The bulk (conditioned and compressed densities, compressibility index), dynamic (basic flowability energy) and shear (friction coefficient, flow factor) properties were determined to find an optimum ratio of the glidant. 27163240 4 9 theme croscarmellose 641:654 arg1 sodium 656:661 croscarmellose sodium 641:661 croscarmellose sodium 641:661 In this work, rheological properties of four common excipients (pregelatinized maize starch, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium and magnesium stearate) were studied by the FT4 Powder Rheometer, which was used for measuring the compressibility index by a piston and flow properties of the powders by a rotational shear cell. 27163240 4 10 theme powders 823:829 arg1 piston 789:794 piston 789:794 piston 789:794 In this work, rheological properties of four common excipients (pregelatinized maize starch, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium and magnesium stearate) were studied by the FT4 Powder Rheometer, which was used for measuring the compressibility index by a piston and flow properties of the powders by a rotational shear cell. 27163240 4 10 theme powders 823:829 arg1 properties 805:814 flow properties 800:814 flow properties 800:814 In this work, rheological properties of four common excipients (pregelatinized maize starch, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium and magnesium stearate) were studied by the FT4 Powder Rheometer, which was used for measuring the compressibility index by a piston and flow properties of the powders by a rotational shear cell. 27163240 6 11 dep bulk 1094:1097 arg1 densities 1127:1135 conditioned and compressed densities 1100:1135 conditioned and compressed densities 1100:1135 The bulk (conditioned and compressed densities, compressibility index), dynamic (basic flowability energy) and shear (friction coefficient, flow factor) properties were determined to find an optimum ratio of the glidant. 27163240 6 11 dep bulk 1094:1097 arg1 index 1154:1158 compressibility index 1138:1158 compressibility index 1138:1158 The bulk (conditioned and compressed densities, compressibility index), dynamic (basic flowability energy) and shear (friction coefficient, flow factor) properties were determined to find an optimum ratio of the glidant. 27163240 6 12 theme basic 1171:1175 arg1 energy 1189:1194 basic flowability energy 1171:1194 basic flowability energy 1171:1194 The bulk (conditioned and compressed densities, compressibility index), dynamic (basic flowability energy) and shear (friction coefficient, flow factor) properties were determined to find an optimum ratio of the glidant. 27163240 6 12 theme basic 1171:1175 arg1 dynamic 1162:1168 dynamic 1162:1168 dynamic 1162:1168 The bulk (conditioned and compressed densities, compressibility index), dynamic (basic flowability energy) and shear (friction coefficient, flow factor) properties were determined to find an optimum ratio of the glidant. 27163240 1 13 theme trial 185:189 arg1 methods 201:207 trial and error methods 185:207 trial and error methods 185:207 In pharmaceutical industry, the use of lubricants is mostly based on historical experiences or trial and error methods even these days. 27163240 10 14 from powder 2019:2024 arg1 development 2061:2071 development 2061:2071 development 2061:2071 New findings represent a progress towards future application of determining the optimum concentration of glidant from the basic characteristics of the powder in the pharmaceutical research and development. 27163240 10 14 from powder 2019:2024 arg1 research 2048:2055 the pharmaceutical research 2029:2055 the pharmaceutical research 2029:2055 New findings represent a progress towards future application of determining the optimum concentration of glidant from the basic characteristics of the powder in the pharmaceutical research and development. 27163240 2 15 theme consumption 271:281 arg1 terms 249:253 terms 249:253 terms of the material consumption 249:281 It may be demanding in terms of the material consumption and may result in sub-optimal drug composition. 27163240 1 16 theme error 195:199 arg1 methods 201:207 trial and error methods 185:207 trial and error methods 185:207 In pharmaceutical industry, the use of lubricants is mostly based on historical experiences or trial and error methods even these days. 27163240 6 17 dep properties 1243:1252 arg1 coefficient 1217:1227 friction coefficient 1208:1227 friction coefficient 1208:1227 The bulk (conditioned and compressed densities, compressibility index), dynamic (basic flowability energy) and shear (friction coefficient, flow factor) properties were determined to find an optimum ratio of the glidant. 27163240 6 17 dep properties 1243:1252 arg1 factor 1235:1240 flow factor 1230:1240 flow factor 1230:1240 The bulk (conditioned and compressed densities, compressibility index), dynamic (basic flowability energy) and shear (friction coefficient, flow factor) properties were determined to find an optimum ratio of the glidant. 27163240 7 18 theme inner 1547:1551 arg1 structure 1553:1561 the inner structure 1543:1561 the inner structure of the materials 1543:1578 Simultaneously, the particle size data were obtained using a low-angle laser light scattering (LALLS) system and scanning electron microscopy was performed in order to examine the relationship between the rheological properties and the inner structure of the materials. 27163240 5 19 theme colloidal 1031:1039 arg1 Aerosil 1058:1064 Aerosil 200 1058:1068 Aerosil 200 1058:1068 After an initial set of measurements, two excipients (pregelatinized maize starch and microcrystalline cellulose) were chosen and mixed, in varying amounts, with anhydrous colloidal silicon dioxide (Aerosil 200) used as a glidant. 27163240 5 19 theme colloidal 1031:1039 arg1 dioxide 1049:1055 anhydrous colloidal silicon dioxide 1021:1055 anhydrous colloidal silicon dioxide (Aerosil 200) used as a glidant 1021:1087 After an initial set of measurements, two excipients (pregelatinized maize starch and microcrystalline cellulose) were chosen and mixed, in varying amounts, with anhydrous colloidal silicon dioxide (Aerosil 200) used as a glidant. 27163240 8 20 theme empirical 1664:1672 arg1 findings 1674:1681 empirical findings 1664:1681 empirical findings known from general literature 1664:1711 The optimum of flowability for the mixture composition was found, to correspond to empirical findings known from general literature. 27163240 10 21 theme future 1910:1915 arg1 application 1917:1927 future application 1910:1927 future application of determining the optimum concentration of glidant from the basic characteristics of the powder in the pharmaceutical research and development 1910:2071 New findings represent a progress towards future application of determining the optimum concentration of glidant from the basic characteristics of the powder in the pharmaceutical research and development. 27163240 6 22 theme flow 1230:1233 arg1 coefficient 1217:1227 friction coefficient 1208:1227 friction coefficient 1208:1227 The bulk (conditioned and compressed densities, compressibility index), dynamic (basic flowability energy) and shear (friction coefficient, flow factor) properties were determined to find an optimum ratio of the glidant. 27163240 6 22 theme flow 1230:1233 arg1 factor 1235:1240 flow factor 1230:1240 flow factor 1230:1240 The bulk (conditioned and compressed densities, compressibility index), dynamic (basic flowability energy) and shear (friction coefficient, flow factor) properties were determined to find an optimum ratio of the glidant. 27163240 7 23 theme rheological 1516:1526 arg1 properties 1528:1537 the rheological properties 1512:1537 the rheological properties 1512:1537 Simultaneously, the particle size data were obtained using a low-angle laser light scattering (LALLS) system and scanning electron microscopy was performed in order to examine the relationship between the rheological properties and the inner structure of the materials. 27163240 4 24 theme FT4 707:709 arg1 Rheometer 718:726 the FT4 Powder Rheometer 703:726 the FT4 Powder Rheometer 703:726 In this work, rheological properties of four common excipients (pregelatinized maize starch, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium and magnesium stearate) were studied by the FT4 Powder Rheometer, which was used for measuring the compressibility index by a piston and flow properties of the powders by a rotational shear cell. 27163240 8 25 theme general 1694:1700 arg1 literature 1702:1711 general literature 1694:1711 general literature 1694:1711 The optimum of flowability for the mixture composition was found, to correspond to empirical findings known from general literature. 27163240 5 26 theme measurements 883:894 arg1 set 876:878 an initial set 865:878 an initial set of measurements 865:894 After an initial set of measurements, two excipients (pregelatinized maize starch and microcrystalline cellulose) were chosen and mixed, in varying amounts, with anhydrous colloidal silicon dioxide (Aerosil 200) used as a glidant. 27163240 5 26 theme measurements 883:894 arg1 measurements 883:894 measurements 883:894 measurements 883:894 After an initial set of measurements, two excipients (pregelatinized maize starch and microcrystalline cellulose) were chosen and mixed, in varying amounts, with anhydrous colloidal silicon dioxide (Aerosil 200) used as a glidant. 27163240 5 27 dep excipients 901:910 arg1 excipients 901:910 two excipients 897:910 two excipients (pregelatinized maize starch and microcrystalline cellulose) 897:971 After an initial set of measurements, two excipients (pregelatinized maize starch and microcrystalline cellulose) were chosen and mixed, in varying amounts, with anhydrous colloidal silicon dioxide (Aerosil 200) used as a glidant. 27163240 5 27 dep excipients 901:910 arg1 starch 934:939 pregelatinized maize starch 913:939 pregelatinized maize starch 913:939 After an initial set of measurements, two excipients (pregelatinized maize starch and microcrystalline cellulose) were chosen and mixed, in varying amounts, with anhydrous colloidal silicon dioxide (Aerosil 200) used as a glidant. 27163240 5 27 dep excipients 901:910 arg1 cellulose 962:970 microcrystalline cellulose 945:970 microcrystalline cellulose 945:970 After an initial set of measurements, two excipients (pregelatinized maize starch and microcrystalline cellulose) were chosen and mixed, in varying amounts, with anhydrous colloidal silicon dioxide (Aerosil 200) used as a glidant. 27163240 0 28 theme common 56:61 arg1 excipients 78:87 common pharmaceutical excipients 56:87 common pharmaceutical excipients 56:87 Effect of colloidal silica on rheological properties of common pharmaceutical excipients. 27163240 0 29 theme excipients 78:87 arg1 properties 42:51 rheological properties 30:51 rheological properties of common pharmaceutical excipients 30:87 Effect of colloidal silica on rheological properties of common pharmaceutical excipients. 27163240 0 30 from Effect 0:5 arg1 properties 42:51 rheological properties 30:51 rheological properties of common pharmaceutical excipients 30:87 Effect of colloidal silica on rheological properties of common pharmaceutical excipients. 27163240 10 31 from characteristics 1996:2010 arg1 development 2061:2071 development 2061:2071 development 2061:2071 New findings represent a progress towards future application of determining the optimum concentration of glidant from the basic characteristics of the powder in the pharmaceutical research and development. 27163240 10 31 from characteristics 1996:2010 arg1 research 2048:2055 the pharmaceutical research 2029:2055 the pharmaceutical research 2029:2055 New findings represent a progress towards future application of determining the optimum concentration of glidant from the basic characteristics of the powder in the pharmaceutical research and development. 27163240 10 31 from characteristics 1996:2010 arg1 concentration 1956:1968 the optimum concentration 1944:1968 the optimum concentration of glidant from the basic characteristics of the powder in the pharmaceutical research and development 1944:2071 New findings represent a progress towards future application of determining the optimum concentration of glidant from the basic characteristics of the powder in the pharmaceutical research and development. 27163240 10 32 theme glidant 1973:1979 arg1 concentration 1956:1968 the optimum concentration 1944:1968 the optimum concentration of glidant from the basic characteristics of the powder in the pharmaceutical research and development 1944:2071 New findings represent a progress towards future application of determining the optimum concentration of glidant from the basic characteristics of the powder in the pharmaceutical research and development. 27163240 5 33 theme maize 928:932 arg1 excipients 901:910 two excipients 897:910 two excipients (pregelatinized maize starch and microcrystalline cellulose) 897:971 After an initial set of measurements, two excipients (pregelatinized maize starch and microcrystalline cellulose) were chosen and mixed, in varying amounts, with anhydrous colloidal silicon dioxide (Aerosil 200) used as a glidant. 27163240 5 33 theme maize 928:932 arg1 starch 934:939 pregelatinized maize starch 913:939 pregelatinized maize starch 913:939 After an initial set of measurements, two excipients (pregelatinized maize starch and microcrystalline cellulose) were chosen and mixed, in varying amounts, with anhydrous colloidal silicon dioxide (Aerosil 200) used as a glidant. 27163240 1 34 theme lubricants 129:138 arg1 use 122:124 the use 118:124 the use of lubricants 118:138 In pharmaceutical industry, the use of lubricants is mostly based on historical experiences or trial and error methods even these days. 27163240 0 35 theme pharmaceutical 63:76 arg1 excipients 78:87 common pharmaceutical excipients 56:87 common pharmaceutical excipients 56:87 Effect of colloidal silica on rheological properties of common pharmaceutical excipients. 27163240 1 36 theme pharmaceutical 93:106 arg1 industry 108:115 pharmaceutical industry 93:115 pharmaceutical industry 93:115 In pharmaceutical industry, the use of lubricants is mostly based on historical experiences or trial and error methods even these days. 27163240 3 37 theme small 444:448 arg1 sample 450:455 only a small sample 437:455 only a small sample 437:455 Powder rheology enables more accurate monitoring of the flow properties and because the measurements need only a small sample it is perfectly suitable for the rare or expensive substances. 27163240 0 38 theme colloidal 10:18 arg1 silica 20:25 colloidal silica 10:25 colloidal silica 10:25 Effect of colloidal silica on rheological properties of common pharmaceutical excipients. 27163240 7 39 theme particle 1331:1338 arg1 data 1345:1348 the particle size data 1327:1348 the particle size data 1327:1348 Simultaneously, the particle size data were obtained using a low-angle laser light scattering (LALLS) system and scanning electron microscopy was performed in order to examine the relationship between the rheological properties and the inner structure of the materials. 27163240 3 40 theme properties 392:401 arg1 monitoring 369:378 more accurate monitoring 355:378 more accurate monitoring of the flow properties 355:401 Powder rheology enables more accurate monitoring of the flow properties and because the measurements need only a small sample it is perfectly suitable for the rare or expensive substances. 27163240 7 41 theme scanning 1424:1431 arg1 microscopy 1442:1451 scanning electron microscopy 1424:1451 scanning electron microscopy 1424:1451 Simultaneously, the particle size data were obtained using a low-angle laser light scattering (LALLS) system and scanning electron microscopy was performed in order to examine the relationship between the rheological properties and the inner structure of the materials. 27163240 9 42 theme silicone 1753:1760 arg1 action 1770:1775 colloidal silicone dioxide action to improve flowability 1743:1798 colloidal silicone dioxide action to improve flowability 1743:1798 In addition the mechanism of colloidal silicone dioxide action to improve flowability was suggested and the hypothesis was confirmed by independent test. 27163240 4 43 theme flow 800:803 arg1 properties 805:814 flow properties 800:814 flow properties 800:814 In this work, rheological properties of four common excipients (pregelatinized maize starch, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium and magnesium stearate) were studied by the FT4 Powder Rheometer, which was used for measuring the compressibility index by a piston and flow properties of the powders by a rotational shear cell. 27163240 9 44 theme action 1770:1775 arg1 mechanism 1730:1738 the mechanism 1726:1738 the mechanism of colloidal silicone dioxide action to improve flowability 1726:1798 In addition the mechanism of colloidal silicone dioxide action to improve flowability was suggested and the hypothesis was confirmed by independent test. 27163240 4 45 theme compressibility 762:776 arg1 index 778:782 the compressibility index 758:782 the compressibility index 758:782 In this work, rheological properties of four common excipients (pregelatinized maize starch, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium and magnesium stearate) were studied by the FT4 Powder Rheometer, which was used for measuring the compressibility index by a piston and flow properties of the powders by a rotational shear cell. 27163240 2 46 theme sub-optimal 301:311 arg1 composition 318:328 sub-optimal drug composition 301:328 sub-optimal drug composition 301:328 It may be demanding in terms of the material consumption and may result in sub-optimal drug composition. 27163240 4 47 theme excipients 572:581 arg1 properties 546:555 rheological properties 534:555 rheological properties of four common excipients (pregelatinized maize starch, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium and magnesium stearate) 534:685 In this work, rheological properties of four common excipients (pregelatinized maize starch, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium and magnesium stearate) were studied by the FT4 Powder Rheometer, which was used for measuring the compressibility index by a piston and flow properties of the powders by a rotational shear cell. 27163240 3 48 theme rare 490:493 arg1 substances 508:517 the rare or expensive substances 486:517 the rare or expensive substances 486:517 Powder rheology enables more accurate monitoring of the flow properties and because the measurements need only a small sample it is perfectly suitable for the rare or expensive substances. 27163240 4 49 used used 739:742 arg2 Rheometer 718:726 the FT4 Powder Rheometer 703:726 the FT4 Powder Rheometer 703:726 In this work, rheological properties of four common excipients (pregelatinized maize starch, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium and magnesium stearate) were studied by the FT4 Powder Rheometer, which was used for measuring the compressibility index by a piston and flow properties of the powders by a rotational shear cell. 27163240 7 50 theme scattering 1394:1403 arg1 system 1413:1418 a low-angle laser light scattering (LALLS) system 1370:1418 a low-angle laser light scattering (LALLS) system 1370:1418 Simultaneously, the particle size data were obtained using a low-angle laser light scattering (LALLS) system and scanning electron microscopy was performed in order to examine the relationship between the rheological properties and the inner structure of the materials. 27163240 10 51 theme pharmaceutical 2033:2046 arg1 research 2048:2055 the pharmaceutical research 2029:2055 the pharmaceutical research 2029:2055 New findings represent a progress towards future application of determining the optimum concentration of glidant from the basic characteristics of the powder in the pharmaceutical research and development. 27163240 4 52 theme pregelatinized 584:597 arg1 starch 605:610 pregelatinized maize starch 584:610 pregelatinized maize starch 584:610 In this work, rheological properties of four common excipients (pregelatinized maize starch, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium and magnesium stearate) were studied by the FT4 Powder Rheometer, which was used for measuring the compressibility index by a piston and flow properties of the powders by a rotational shear cell. 27163240 4 52 theme pregelatinized 584:597 arg1 cellulose 630:638 microcrystalline cellulose 613:638 microcrystalline cellulose 613:638 In this work, rheological properties of four common excipients (pregelatinized maize starch, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium and magnesium stearate) were studied by the FT4 Powder Rheometer, which was used for measuring the compressibility index by a piston and flow properties of the powders by a rotational shear cell. 27163240 4 52 theme pregelatinized 584:597 arg1 stearate 677:684 croscarmellose sodium and magnesium stearate 641:684 croscarmellose sodium and magnesium stearate 641:684 In this work, rheological properties of four common excipients (pregelatinized maize starch, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium and magnesium stearate) were studied by the FT4 Powder Rheometer, which was used for measuring the compressibility index by a piston and flow properties of the powders by a rotational shear cell. 27163240 6 53 theme friction 1208:1215 arg1 coefficient 1217:1227 friction coefficient 1208:1227 friction coefficient 1208:1227 The bulk (conditioned and compressed densities, compressibility index), dynamic (basic flowability energy) and shear (friction coefficient, flow factor) properties were determined to find an optimum ratio of the glidant. 27163240 6 53 theme friction 1208:1215 arg1 factor 1235:1240 flow factor 1230:1240 flow factor 1230:1240 The bulk (conditioned and compressed densities, compressibility index), dynamic (basic flowability energy) and shear (friction coefficient, flow factor) properties were determined to find an optimum ratio of the glidant. 27163240 7 54 theme laser 1382:1386 arg1 LALLS 1406:1410 LALLS 1406:1410 LALLS 1406:1410 Simultaneously, the particle size data were obtained using a low-angle laser light scattering (LALLS) system and scanning electron microscopy was performed in order to examine the relationship between the rheological properties and the inner structure of the materials. 27163240 7 54 theme laser 1382:1386 arg1 scattering 1394:1403 low-angle laser light scattering 1372:1403 a low-angle laser light scattering (LALLS) system 1370:1418 Simultaneously, the particle size data were obtained using a low-angle laser light scattering (LALLS) system and scanning electron microscopy was performed in order to examine the relationship between the rheological properties and the inner structure of the materials. 27163240 6 55 theme shear 1201:1205 arg1 properties 1243:1252 dynamic (basic flowability energy) and shear (friction coefficient, flow factor) properties 1162:1252 properties 1243:1252 The bulk (conditioned and compressed densities, compressibility index), dynamic (basic flowability energy) and shear (friction coefficient, flow factor) properties were determined to find an optimum ratio of the glidant. 27163240 6 55 theme shear 1201:1205 arg1 bulk 1094:1097 The bulk 1090:1097 The bulk (conditioned and compressed densities, compressibility index) 1090:1159 The bulk (conditioned and compressed densities, compressibility index), dynamic (basic flowability energy) and shear (friction coefficient, flow factor) properties were determined to find an optimum ratio of the glidant. 27163240 2 56 theme material 262:269 arg1 consumption 271:281 the material consumption 258:281 the material consumption 258:281 It may be demanding in terms of the material consumption and may result in sub-optimal drug composition. 27163240 8 57 theme flowability 1596:1606 arg1 optimum 1585:1591 The optimum 1581:1591 The optimum of flowability for the mixture composition 1581:1634 The optimum of flowability for the mixture composition was found, to correspond to empirical findings known from general literature. 27163240 4 58 theme rotational 836:845 arg1 cell 853:856 a rotational shear cell 834:856 a rotational shear cell 834:856 In this work, rheological properties of four common excipients (pregelatinized maize starch, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium and magnesium stearate) were studied by the FT4 Powder Rheometer, which was used for measuring the compressibility index by a piston and flow properties of the powders by a rotational shear cell. 27163240 3 59 theme expensive 498:506 arg1 substances 508:517 the rare or expensive substances 486:517 the rare or expensive substances 486:517 Powder rheology enables more accurate monitoring of the flow properties and because the measurements need only a small sample it is perfectly suitable for the rare or expensive substances. 27163240 1 60 theme historical 159:168 arg1 experiences 170:180 historical experiences 159:180 historical experiences 159:180 In pharmaceutical industry, the use of lubricants is mostly based on historical experiences or trial and error methods even these days. 27163240 3 61 theme flow 387:390 arg1 properties 392:401 the flow properties 383:401 the flow properties 383:401 Powder rheology enables more accurate monitoring of the flow properties and because the measurements need only a small sample it is perfectly suitable for the rare or expensive substances. 27163240 7 62 theme size 1340:1343 arg1 data 1345:1348 the particle size data 1327:1348 the particle size data 1327:1348 Simultaneously, the particle size data were obtained using a low-angle laser light scattering (LALLS) system and scanning electron microscopy was performed in order to examine the relationship between the rheological properties and the inner structure of the materials. 27163240 6 63 theme flowability 1177:1187 arg1 energy 1189:1194 basic flowability energy 1171:1194 basic flowability energy 1171:1194 The bulk (conditioned and compressed densities, compressibility index), dynamic (basic flowability energy) and shear (friction coefficient, flow factor) properties were determined to find an optimum ratio of the glidant. 27163240 6 63 theme flowability 1177:1187 arg1 dynamic 1162:1168 dynamic 1162:1168 dynamic 1162:1168 The bulk (conditioned and compressed densities, compressibility index), dynamic (basic flowability energy) and shear (friction coefficient, flow factor) properties were determined to find an optimum ratio of the glidant. 27163240 9 64 theme independent 1850:1860 arg1 test 1862:1865 independent test 1850:1865 independent test 1850:1865 In addition the mechanism of colloidal silicone dioxide action to improve flowability was suggested and the hypothesis was confirmed by independent test. 27163240 4 65 theme sodium 656:661 arg1 starch 605:610 pregelatinized maize starch 584:610 pregelatinized maize starch 584:610 In this work, rheological properties of four common excipients (pregelatinized maize starch, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium and magnesium stearate) were studied by the FT4 Powder Rheometer, which was used for measuring the compressibility index by a piston and flow properties of the powders by a rotational shear cell. 27163240 4 65 theme sodium 656:661 arg1 stearate 677:684 croscarmellose sodium and magnesium stearate 641:684 croscarmellose sodium and magnesium stearate 641:684 In this work, rheological properties of four common excipients (pregelatinized maize starch, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium and magnesium stearate) were studied by the FT4 Powder Rheometer, which was used for measuring the compressibility index by a piston and flow properties of the powders by a rotational shear cell. 27163240 5 66 theme anhydrous 1021:1029 arg1 Aerosil 1058:1064 Aerosil 200 1058:1068 Aerosil 200 1058:1068 After an initial set of measurements, two excipients (pregelatinized maize starch and microcrystalline cellulose) were chosen and mixed, in varying amounts, with anhydrous colloidal silicon dioxide (Aerosil 200) used as a glidant. 27163240 5 66 theme anhydrous 1021:1029 arg1 dioxide 1049:1055 anhydrous colloidal silicon dioxide 1021:1055 anhydrous colloidal silicon dioxide (Aerosil 200) used as a glidant 1021:1087 After an initial set of measurements, two excipients (pregelatinized maize starch and microcrystalline cellulose) were chosen and mixed, in varying amounts, with anhydrous colloidal silicon dioxide (Aerosil 200) used as a glidant. 27163240 4 67 dep piston 789:794 arg1 a 787:787 a 787:787 a 787:787 In this work, rheological properties of four common excipients (pregelatinized maize starch, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium and magnesium stearate) were studied by the FT4 Powder Rheometer, which was used for measuring the compressibility index by a piston and flow properties of the powders by a rotational shear cell. 27163240 4 68 theme microcrystalline 613:628 arg1 starch 605:610 pregelatinized maize starch 584:610 pregelatinized maize starch 584:610 In this work, rheological properties of four common excipients (pregelatinized maize starch, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium and magnesium stearate) were studied by the FT4 Powder Rheometer, which was used for measuring the compressibility index by a piston and flow properties of the powders by a rotational shear cell. 27163240 4 68 theme microcrystalline 613:628 arg1 cellulose 630:638 microcrystalline cellulose 613:638 microcrystalline cellulose 613:638 In this work, rheological properties of four common excipients (pregelatinized maize starch, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium and magnesium stearate) were studied by the FT4 Powder Rheometer, which was used for measuring the compressibility index by a piston and flow properties of the powders by a rotational shear cell. 27163240 5 69 theme silicon 1041:1047 arg1 Aerosil 1058:1064 Aerosil 200 1058:1068 Aerosil 200 1058:1068 After an initial set of measurements, two excipients (pregelatinized maize starch and microcrystalline cellulose) were chosen and mixed, in varying amounts, with anhydrous colloidal silicon dioxide (Aerosil 200) used as a glidant. 27163240 5 69 theme silicon 1041:1047 arg1 dioxide 1049:1055 anhydrous colloidal silicon dioxide 1021:1055 anhydrous colloidal silicon dioxide (Aerosil 200) used as a glidant 1021:1087 After an initial set of measurements, two excipients (pregelatinized maize starch and microcrystalline cellulose) were chosen and mixed, in varying amounts, with anhydrous colloidal silicon dioxide (Aerosil 200) used as a glidant. 27163240 5 70 theme initial 868:874 arg1 set 876:878 an initial set 865:878 an initial set of measurements 865:894 After an initial set of measurements, two excipients (pregelatinized maize starch and microcrystalline cellulose) were chosen and mixed, in varying amounts, with anhydrous colloidal silicon dioxide (Aerosil 200) used as a glidant. 27163240 5 70 theme initial 868:874 arg1 measurements 883:894 measurements 883:894 measurements 883:894 After an initial set of measurements, two excipients (pregelatinized maize starch and microcrystalline cellulose) were chosen and mixed, in varying amounts, with anhydrous colloidal silicon dioxide (Aerosil 200) used as a glidant. 27163240 5 71 theme varying 999:1005 arg1 amounts 1007:1013 varying amounts 999:1013 varying amounts 999:1013 After an initial set of measurements, two excipients (pregelatinized maize starch and microcrystalline cellulose) were chosen and mixed, in varying amounts, with anhydrous colloidal silicon dioxide (Aerosil 200) used as a glidant. 27163240 6 72 theme compressibility 1138:1152 arg1 densities 1127:1135 conditioned and compressed densities 1100:1135 conditioned and compressed densities 1100:1135 The bulk (conditioned and compressed densities, compressibility index), dynamic (basic flowability energy) and shear (friction coefficient, flow factor) properties were determined to find an optimum ratio of the glidant. 27163240 6 72 theme compressibility 1138:1152 arg1 index 1154:1158 compressibility index 1138:1158 compressibility index 1138:1158 The bulk (conditioned and compressed densities, compressibility index), dynamic (basic flowability energy) and shear (friction coefficient, flow factor) properties were determined to find an optimum ratio of the glidant. 27163240 10 73 theme optimum 1948:1954 arg1 concentration 1956:1968 the optimum concentration 1944:1968 the optimum concentration of glidant from the basic characteristics of the powder in the pharmaceutical research and development 1944:2071 New findings represent a progress towards future application of determining the optimum concentration of glidant from the basic characteristics of the powder in the pharmaceutical research and development. 27163240 6 74 theme glidant 1302:1308 arg1 ratio 1289:1293 an optimum ratio 1278:1293 an optimum ratio of the glidant 1278:1308 The bulk (conditioned and compressed densities, compressibility index), dynamic (basic flowability energy) and shear (friction coefficient, flow factor) properties were determined to find an optimum ratio of the glidant. 27163240 4 75 dep excipients 572:581 arg1 starch 605:610 pregelatinized maize starch 584:610 pregelatinized maize starch 584:610 In this work, rheological properties of four common excipients (pregelatinized maize starch, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium and magnesium stearate) were studied by the FT4 Powder Rheometer, which was used for measuring the compressibility index by a piston and flow properties of the powders by a rotational shear cell. 27163240 4 75 dep excipients 572:581 arg1 cellulose 630:638 microcrystalline cellulose 613:638 microcrystalline cellulose 613:638 In this work, rheological properties of four common excipients (pregelatinized maize starch, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium and magnesium stearate) were studied by the FT4 Powder Rheometer, which was used for measuring the compressibility index by a piston and flow properties of the powders by a rotational shear cell. 27163240 4 75 dep excipients 572:581 arg1 stearate 677:684 croscarmellose sodium and magnesium stearate 641:684 croscarmellose sodium and magnesium stearate 641:684 In this work, rheological properties of four common excipients (pregelatinized maize starch, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium and magnesium stearate) were studied by the FT4 Powder Rheometer, which was used for measuring the compressibility index by a piston and flow properties of the powders by a rotational shear cell. 27163240 4 76 theme magnesium 667:675 arg1 starch 605:610 pregelatinized maize starch 584:610 pregelatinized maize starch 584:610 In this work, rheological properties of four common excipients (pregelatinized maize starch, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium and magnesium stearate) were studied by the FT4 Powder Rheometer, which was used for measuring the compressibility index by a piston and flow properties of the powders by a rotational shear cell. 27163240 4 76 theme magnesium 667:675 arg1 stearate 677:684 croscarmellose sodium and magnesium stearate 641:684 croscarmellose sodium and magnesium stearate 641:684 In this work, rheological properties of four common excipients (pregelatinized maize starch, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium and magnesium stearate) were studied by the FT4 Powder Rheometer, which was used for measuring the compressibility index by a piston and flow properties of the powders by a rotational shear cell. 27163240 6 77 theme optimum 1281:1287 arg1 ratio 1289:1293 an optimum ratio 1278:1293 an optimum ratio of the glidant 1278:1308 The bulk (conditioned and compressed densities, compressibility index), dynamic (basic flowability energy) and shear (friction coefficient, flow factor) properties were determined to find an optimum ratio of the glidant. 27163240 5 78 theme pregelatinized 913:926 arg1 excipients 901:910 two excipients 897:910 two excipients (pregelatinized maize starch and microcrystalline cellulose) 897:971 After an initial set of measurements, two excipients (pregelatinized maize starch and microcrystalline cellulose) were chosen and mixed, in varying amounts, with anhydrous colloidal silicon dioxide (Aerosil 200) used as a glidant. 27163240 5 78 theme pregelatinized 913:926 arg1 starch 934:939 pregelatinized maize starch 913:939 pregelatinized maize starch 913:939 After an initial set of measurements, two excipients (pregelatinized maize starch and microcrystalline cellulose) were chosen and mixed, in varying amounts, with anhydrous colloidal silicon dioxide (Aerosil 200) used as a glidant. 27163240 3 79 theme Powder 331:336 arg1 rheology 338:345 Powder rheology 331:345 Powder rheology 331:345 Powder rheology enables more accurate monitoring of the flow properties and because the measurements need only a small sample it is perfectly suitable for the rare or expensive substances. 27163240 4 80 theme Powder 711:716 arg1 Rheometer 718:726 the FT4 Powder Rheometer 703:726 the FT4 Powder Rheometer 703:726 In this work, rheological properties of four common excipients (pregelatinized maize starch, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium and magnesium stearate) were studied by the FT4 Powder Rheometer, which was used for measuring the compressibility index by a piston and flow properties of the powders by a rotational shear cell. 27163240 0 81 theme silica 20:25 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of colloidal silica on rheological properties of common pharmaceutical excipients. 0:88 Effect of colloidal silica on rheological properties of common pharmaceutical excipients. 27163240 3 82 theme accurate 360:367 arg1 monitoring 369:378 more accurate monitoring 355:378 more accurate monitoring of the flow properties 355:401 Powder rheology enables more accurate monitoring of the flow properties and because the measurements need only a small sample it is perfectly suitable for the rare or expensive substances. 27163240 4 83 theme rheological 534:544 arg1 properties 546:555 rheological properties 534:555 rheological properties of four common excipients (pregelatinized maize starch, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium and magnesium stearate) 534:685 In this work, rheological properties of four common excipients (pregelatinized maize starch, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium and magnesium stearate) were studied by the FT4 Powder Rheometer, which was used for measuring the compressibility index by a piston and flow properties of the powders by a rotational shear cell. 27163240 0 84 theme rheological 30:40 arg1 properties 42:51 rheological properties 30:51 rheological properties of common pharmaceutical excipients 30:87 Effect of colloidal silica on rheological properties of common pharmaceutical excipients. 27163240 7 85 theme materials 1570:1578 arg1 properties 1528:1537 the rheological properties 1512:1537 the rheological properties 1512:1537 Simultaneously, the particle size data were obtained using a low-angle laser light scattering (LALLS) system and scanning electron microscopy was performed in order to examine the relationship between the rheological properties and the inner structure of the materials. 27163240 7 85 theme materials 1570:1578 arg1 structure 1553:1561 the inner structure 1543:1561 the inner structure of the materials 1543:1578 Simultaneously, the particle size data were obtained using a low-angle laser light scattering (LALLS) system and scanning electron microscopy was performed in order to examine the relationship between the rheological properties and the inner structure of the materials. 27163240 9 86 theme colloidal 1743:1751 arg1 action 1770:1775 colloidal silicone dioxide action to improve flowability 1743:1798 colloidal silicone dioxide action to improve flowability 1743:1798 In addition the mechanism of colloidal silicone dioxide action to improve flowability was suggested and the hypothesis was confirmed by independent test. 27163240 10 87 from research 2048:2055 arg1 characteristics 1996:2010 the basic characteristics 1986:2010 the basic characteristics of the powder in the pharmaceutical research and development 1986:2071 New findings represent a progress towards future application of determining the optimum concentration of glidant from the basic characteristics of the powder in the pharmaceutical research and development. 27163240 7 88 theme electron 1433:1440 arg1 microscopy 1442:1451 scanning electron microscopy 1424:1451 scanning electron microscopy 1424:1451 Simultaneously, the particle size data were obtained using a low-angle laser light scattering (LALLS) system and scanning electron microscopy was performed in order to examine the relationship between the rheological properties and the inner structure of the materials. 27163240 9 89 theme dioxide 1762:1768 arg1 action 1770:1775 colloidal silicone dioxide action to improve flowability 1743:1798 colloidal silicone dioxide action to improve flowability 1743:1798 In addition the mechanism of colloidal silicone dioxide action to improve flowability was suggested and the hypothesis was confirmed by independent test. 27163240 10 90 from development 2061:2071 arg1 characteristics 1996:2010 the basic characteristics 1986:2010 the basic characteristics of the powder in the pharmaceutical research and development 1986:2071 New findings represent a progress towards future application of determining the optimum concentration of glidant from the basic characteristics of the powder in the pharmaceutical research and development. 27163240 2 91 theme drug 313:316 arg1 composition 318:328 sub-optimal drug composition 301:328 sub-optimal drug composition 301:328 It may be demanding in terms of the material consumption and may result in sub-optimal drug composition. 27163240 5 92 theme microcrystalline 945:960 arg1 excipients 901:910 two excipients 897:910 two excipients (pregelatinized maize starch and microcrystalline cellulose) 897:971 After an initial set of measurements, two excipients (pregelatinized maize starch and microcrystalline cellulose) were chosen and mixed, in varying amounts, with anhydrous colloidal silicon dioxide (Aerosil 200) used as a glidant. 27163240 5 92 theme microcrystalline 945:960 arg1 cellulose 962:970 microcrystalline cellulose 945:970 microcrystalline cellulose 945:970 After an initial set of measurements, two excipients (pregelatinized maize starch and microcrystalline cellulose) were chosen and mixed, in varying amounts, with anhydrous colloidal silicon dioxide (Aerosil 200) used as a glidant. 27163240 10 93 theme basic 1990:1994 arg1 characteristics 1996:2010 the basic characteristics 1986:2010 the basic characteristics of the powder in the pharmaceutical research and development 1986:2071 New findings represent a progress towards future application of determining the optimum concentration of glidant from the basic characteristics of the powder in the pharmaceutical research and development. 27163240 4 94 theme maize 599:603 arg1 starch 605:610 pregelatinized maize starch 584:610 pregelatinized maize starch 584:610 In this work, rheological properties of four common excipients (pregelatinized maize starch, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium and magnesium stearate) were studied by the FT4 Powder Rheometer, which was used for measuring the compressibility index by a piston and flow properties of the powders by a rotational shear cell. 27163240 4 94 theme maize 599:603 arg1 cellulose 630:638 microcrystalline cellulose 613:638 microcrystalline cellulose 613:638 In this work, rheological properties of four common excipients (pregelatinized maize starch, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium and magnesium stearate) were studied by the FT4 Powder Rheometer, which was used for measuring the compressibility index by a piston and flow properties of the powders by a rotational shear cell. 27163240 4 94 theme maize 599:603 arg1 stearate 677:684 croscarmellose sodium and magnesium stearate 641:684 croscarmellose sodium and magnesium stearate 641:684 In this work, rheological properties of four common excipients (pregelatinized maize starch, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium and magnesium stearate) were studied by the FT4 Powder Rheometer, which was used for measuring the compressibility index by a piston and flow properties of the powders by a rotational shear cell. 25091902 4 0 theme clutch 739:744 arg1 eggs 729:732 the eggs 725:732 the eggs of a clutch in a jelly ribbon 725:762 The fibers of J2 are shared among the eggs of a clutch in a jelly ribbon. 25091902 10 1 theme J2 1372:1373 arg1 similar 1384:1390 similar 1384:1390 similar 1384:1390 The J2 layer is similar in composition to J1 but in B. balearicus there are no glucosaminylated residuals. 25091902 10 1 theme J2 1372:1373 arg1 layer 1375:1379 The J2 layer 1368:1379 The J2 layer 1368:1379 The J2 layer is similar in composition to J1 but in B. balearicus there are no glucosaminylated residuals. 25091902 13 2 theme comparable 1731:1740 arg1 number 1742:1747 a comparable number 1729:1747 a comparable number of glycan types 1729:1763 In respect to other species, B. bufo and B. balearicus have a lower number of jelly layers, but a comparable number of glycan types. 25091902 1 3 dep toads 240:244 arg1 bufo 251:254 Bufo bufo 246:254 Bufo bufo 246:254 The extra-cellular matrix of fertilized eggs in the bufonid toads Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus was studied to clear the relationships between structural and molecular diversity. 25091902 1 3 dep toads 240:244 arg1 balearicus 268:277 Bufotes balearicus 260:277 Bufotes balearicus 260:277 The extra-cellular matrix of fertilized eggs in the bufonid toads Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus was studied to clear the relationships between structural and molecular diversity. 25091902 1 3 dep toads 240:244 arg1 toads 240:244 the bufonid toads Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus 228:277 the bufonid toads Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus 228:277 The extra-cellular matrix of fertilized eggs in the bufonid toads Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus was studied to clear the relationships between structural and molecular diversity. 25091902 1 4 theme Bufotes 260:266 arg1 balearicus 268:277 Bufotes balearicus 260:277 Bufotes balearicus 260:277 The extra-cellular matrix of fertilized eggs in the bufonid toads Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus was studied to clear the relationships between structural and molecular diversity. 25091902 1 4 theme Bufotes 260:266 arg1 toads 240:244 the bufonid toads Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus 228:277 the bufonid toads Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus 228:277 The extra-cellular matrix of fertilized eggs in the bufonid toads Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus was studied to clear the relationships between structural and molecular diversity. 25091902 13 5 theme layers 1717:1722 arg1 number 1701:1706 a lower number 1693:1706 a lower number of jelly layers 1693:1722 In respect to other species, B. bufo and B. balearicus have a lower number of jelly layers, but a comparable number of glycan types. 25091902 1 6 theme extra-cellular 184:197 arg1 matrix 199:204 The extra-cellular matrix 180:204 The extra-cellular matrix of fertilized eggs in the bufonid toads Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus 180:277 The extra-cellular matrix of fertilized eggs in the bufonid toads Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus was studied to clear the relationships between structural and molecular diversity. 25091902 3 7 theme jelly 665:669 arg1 J1 679:680 J1 679:680 J1 679:680 Both species present a fertilization envelope (FE) and two jelly layers (J1 and J2). 25091902 3 7 theme jelly 665:669 arg1 layers 671:676 two jelly layers 661:676 two jelly layers (J1 and J2) 661:688 Both species present a fertilization envelope (FE) and two jelly layers (J1 and J2). 25091902 3 7 theme jelly 665:669 arg1 J2 686:687 J2 686:687 J2 686:687 Both species present a fertilization envelope (FE) and two jelly layers (J1 and J2). 25091902 12 8 theme blue 1575:1578 arg1 algae 1580:1584 particular blue algae 1564:1584 particular blue algae 1564:1584 Several microorganisms, in particular blue algae, are observed in the J2 layer of both species. 25091902 8 9 theme O-linked 1102:1109 arg1 sialosulfoglycoproteins 1070:1092 sialosulfoglycoproteins 1070:1092 sialosulfoglycoproteins 1070:1092 The J1 layer of both species presents sialosulfoglycoproteins, mostly O-linked, with lactosaminylated, galactosaminylated, glycosaminylated, and fucosylated residuals. 25091902 5 10 theme neutral 797:803 arg1 glycoproteins 805:817 neutral glycoproteins 797:817 neutral glycoproteins 797:817 The FE of both species presents neutral glycoproteins, mostly N-linked. 25091902 7 11 theme FE 931:932 arg1 fibers 934:939 the FE fibers 927:939 the FE fibers 927:939 In the FE fibers run parallel to egg's surface or are in bundles or looser hanks with no clear orientation. 25091902 1 12 theme eggs 220:223 arg1 matrix 199:204 The extra-cellular matrix 180:204 The extra-cellular matrix of fertilized eggs in the bufonid toads Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus 180:277 The extra-cellular matrix of fertilized eggs in the bufonid toads Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus was studied to clear the relationships between structural and molecular diversity. 25091902 0 13 from toads 86:90 arg1 characterization 29:44 Histochemical and structural characterization 0:44 Histochemical and structural characterization of egg extra-cellular matrix in bufonid toads, Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus: molecular diversity versus morphological uniformity. 0:178 Histochemical and structural characterization of egg extra-cellular matrix in bufonid toads, Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus: molecular diversity versus morphological uniformity. 25091902 0 14 theme molecular 127:135 arg1 diversity 137:145 molecular diversity 127:145 molecular diversity 127:145 Histochemical and structural characterization of egg extra-cellular matrix in bufonid toads, Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus: molecular diversity versus morphological uniformity. 25091902 8 15 gly sialosulfoglycoproteins 1070:1092 arg1 sialosulfoglycoproteins 1070:1092 sialosulfoglycoproteins 1070:1092 sialosulfoglycoproteins 1070:1092 The J1 layer of both species presents sialosulfoglycoproteins, mostly O-linked, with lactosaminylated, galactosaminylated, glycosaminylated, and fucosylated residuals. 25091902 9 16 dep observed 1250:1257 arg1 whereas 1299:1305 whereas 1299:1305 whereas 1299:1305 A lower amount of galactosaminylated residuals is observed in B. balearicus in respect to B. bufo, whereas the opposite is seen in the amount of fucosylated residuals. 25091902 12 17 theme Several 1537:1543 arg1 microorganisms 1545:1558 Several microorganisms 1537:1558 Several microorganisms 1537:1558 Several microorganisms, in particular blue algae, are observed in the J2 layer of both species. 25091902 4 18 from ribbon 757:762 arg1 eggs 729:732 the eggs 725:732 the eggs of a clutch in a jelly ribbon 725:762 The fibers of J2 are shared among the eggs of a clutch in a jelly ribbon. 25091902 1 19 from matrix 199:204 arg1 bufo 251:254 Bufo bufo 246:254 Bufo bufo 246:254 The extra-cellular matrix of fertilized eggs in the bufonid toads Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus was studied to clear the relationships between structural and molecular diversity. 25091902 1 19 from matrix 199:204 arg1 balearicus 268:277 Bufotes balearicus 260:277 Bufotes balearicus 260:277 The extra-cellular matrix of fertilized eggs in the bufonid toads Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus was studied to clear the relationships between structural and molecular diversity. 25091902 1 19 from matrix 199:204 arg1 toads 240:244 the bufonid toads Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus 228:277 the bufonid toads Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus 228:277 The extra-cellular matrix of fertilized eggs in the bufonid toads Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus was studied to clear the relationships between structural and molecular diversity. 25091902 5 20 theme species 780:786 arg1 FE 769:770 The FE 765:770 The FE of both species 765:786 The FE of both species presents neutral glycoproteins, mostly N-linked. 25091902 13 21 theme jelly 1711:1715 arg1 layers 1717:1722 jelly layers 1711:1722 jelly layers 1711:1722 In respect to other species, B. bufo and B. balearicus have a lower number of jelly layers, but a comparable number of glycan types. 25091902 1 22 theme molecular 341:349 arg1 diversity 351:359 structural and molecular diversity 326:359 structural and molecular diversity 326:359 The extra-cellular matrix of fertilized eggs in the bufonid toads Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus was studied to clear the relationships between structural and molecular diversity. 25091902 9 23 theme residuals 1357:1365 arg1 amount 1335:1340 the amount 1331:1340 the amount of fucosylated residuals 1331:1365 A lower amount of galactosaminylated residuals is observed in B. balearicus in respect to B. bufo, whereas the opposite is seen in the amount of fucosylated residuals. 25091902 9 23 theme residuals 1357:1365 arg1 residuals 1357:1365 fucosylated residuals 1345:1365 fucosylated residuals 1345:1365 A lower amount of galactosaminylated residuals is observed in B. balearicus in respect to B. bufo, whereas the opposite is seen in the amount of fucosylated residuals. 25091902 8 24 theme fucosylated 1177:1187 arg1 residuals 1189:1197 lactosaminylated, galactosaminylated, glycosaminylated, and fucosylated residuals 1117:1197 lactosaminylated, galactosaminylated, glycosaminylated, and fucosylated residuals 1117:1197 The J1 layer of both species presents sialosulfoglycoproteins, mostly O-linked, with lactosaminylated, galactosaminylated, glycosaminylated, and fucosylated residuals. 25091902 4 25 from clutch 739:744 arg1 ribbon 757:762 a jelly ribbon 749:762 a jelly ribbon 749:762 The fibers of J2 are shared among the eggs of a clutch in a jelly ribbon. 25091902 0 26 theme Bufo 93:96 arg1 toads 86:90 bufonid toads 78:90 bufonid toads 78:90 Histochemical and structural characterization of egg extra-cellular matrix in bufonid toads, Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus: molecular diversity versus morphological uniformity. 25091902 0 26 theme Bufo 93:96 arg1 bufo 98:101 Bufo bufo 93:101 Bufo bufo 93:101 Histochemical and structural characterization of egg extra-cellular matrix in bufonid toads, Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus: molecular diversity versus morphological uniformity. 25091902 5 27 theme N-linked 827:834 arg1 glycoproteins 805:817 neutral glycoproteins 797:817 neutral glycoproteins 797:817 The FE of both species presents neutral glycoproteins, mostly N-linked. 25091902 9 28 gly fucosylated 1345:1355 arg1 residuals 1357:1365 fucosylated residuals 1345:1365 fucosylated residuals 1345:1365 A lower amount of galactosaminylated residuals is observed in B. balearicus in respect to B. bufo, whereas the opposite is seen in the amount of fucosylated residuals. 25091902 0 29 theme egg 49:51 arg1 matrix 68:73 egg extra-cellular matrix 49:73 egg extra-cellular matrix in bufonid toads, Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus: molecular diversity versus morphological uniformity 49:177 Histochemical and structural characterization of egg extra-cellular matrix in bufonid toads, Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus: molecular diversity versus morphological uniformity. 25091902 0 30 theme Histochemical 0:12 arg1 characterization 29:44 Histochemical and structural characterization 0:44 Histochemical and structural characterization of egg extra-cellular matrix in bufonid toads, Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus: molecular diversity versus morphological uniformity. 0:178 Histochemical and structural characterization of egg extra-cellular matrix in bufonid toads, Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus: molecular diversity versus morphological uniformity. 25091902 2 31 dep lectin-histochemical 430:449 arg1 RCA-1 483:487 RCA-1 483:487 RCA-1 483:487 Histochemical (PAS, AB pH 2.5 and pH 1.0, Beta-elimination PAS) and lectin-histochemical (Con A, WGA, Succinyl-WGA, PNA, RCA-1, DBA, SBA, AAA, UEA-I, LTA) techniques were used and the observations were made under light and electron microscopy. 25091902 2 31 dep lectin-histochemical 430:449 arg1 DBA 490:492 DBA 490:492 DBA 490:492 Histochemical (PAS, AB pH 2.5 and pH 1.0, Beta-elimination PAS) and lectin-histochemical (Con A, WGA, Succinyl-WGA, PNA, RCA-1, DBA, SBA, AAA, UEA-I, LTA) techniques were used and the observations were made under light and electron microscopy. 25091902 2 31 dep lectin-histochemical 430:449 arg1 UEA-I 505:509 UEA-I 505:509 UEA-I 505:509 Histochemical (PAS, AB pH 2.5 and pH 1.0, Beta-elimination PAS) and lectin-histochemical (Con A, WGA, Succinyl-WGA, PNA, RCA-1, DBA, SBA, AAA, UEA-I, LTA) techniques were used and the observations were made under light and electron microscopy. 25091902 2 31 dep lectin-histochemical 430:449 arg1 Succinyl-WGA 464:475 Succinyl-WGA 464:475 Succinyl-WGA 464:475 Histochemical (PAS, AB pH 2.5 and pH 1.0, Beta-elimination PAS) and lectin-histochemical (Con A, WGA, Succinyl-WGA, PNA, RCA-1, DBA, SBA, AAA, UEA-I, LTA) techniques were used and the observations were made under light and electron microscopy. 25091902 2 31 dep lectin-histochemical 430:449 arg1 LTA 512:514 LTA 512:514 LTA 512:514 Histochemical (PAS, AB pH 2.5 and pH 1.0, Beta-elimination PAS) and lectin-histochemical (Con A, WGA, Succinyl-WGA, PNA, RCA-1, DBA, SBA, AAA, UEA-I, LTA) techniques were used and the observations were made under light and electron microscopy. 25091902 2 31 dep lectin-histochemical 430:449 arg1 PNA 478:480 PNA 478:480 PNA 478:480 Histochemical (PAS, AB pH 2.5 and pH 1.0, Beta-elimination PAS) and lectin-histochemical (Con A, WGA, Succinyl-WGA, PNA, RCA-1, DBA, SBA, AAA, UEA-I, LTA) techniques were used and the observations were made under light and electron microscopy. 25091902 2 31 dep lectin-histochemical 430:449 arg1 SBA 495:497 SBA 495:497 SBA 495:497 Histochemical (PAS, AB pH 2.5 and pH 1.0, Beta-elimination PAS) and lectin-histochemical (Con A, WGA, Succinyl-WGA, PNA, RCA-1, DBA, SBA, AAA, UEA-I, LTA) techniques were used and the observations were made under light and electron microscopy. 25091902 2 31 dep lectin-histochemical 430:449 arg1 A 456:456 Con A 452:456 Con A 452:456 Histochemical (PAS, AB pH 2.5 and pH 1.0, Beta-elimination PAS) and lectin-histochemical (Con A, WGA, Succinyl-WGA, PNA, RCA-1, DBA, SBA, AAA, UEA-I, LTA) techniques were used and the observations were made under light and electron microscopy. 25091902 2 31 dep lectin-histochemical 430:449 arg1 AAA 500:502 AAA 500:502 AAA 500:502 Histochemical (PAS, AB pH 2.5 and pH 1.0, Beta-elimination PAS) and lectin-histochemical (Con A, WGA, Succinyl-WGA, PNA, RCA-1, DBA, SBA, AAA, UEA-I, LTA) techniques were used and the observations were made under light and electron microscopy. 25091902 2 31 dep lectin-histochemical 430:449 arg1 WGA 459:461 WGA 459:461 WGA 459:461 Histochemical (PAS, AB pH 2.5 and pH 1.0, Beta-elimination PAS) and lectin-histochemical (Con A, WGA, Succinyl-WGA, PNA, RCA-1, DBA, SBA, AAA, UEA-I, LTA) techniques were used and the observations were made under light and electron microscopy. 25091902 0 32 dep toads 86:90 arg1 diversity 137:145 molecular diversity 127:145 molecular diversity 127:145 Histochemical and structural characterization of egg extra-cellular matrix in bufonid toads, Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus: molecular diversity versus morphological uniformity. 25091902 0 32 dep toads 86:90 arg1 uniformity 168:177 morphological uniformity 154:177 morphological uniformity 154:177 Histochemical and structural characterization of egg extra-cellular matrix in bufonid toads, Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus: molecular diversity versus morphological uniformity. 25091902 2 33 theme electron 585:592 arg1 microscopy 594:603 electron microscopy 585:603 electron microscopy 585:603 Histochemical (PAS, AB pH 2.5 and pH 1.0, Beta-elimination PAS) and lectin-histochemical (Con A, WGA, Succinyl-WGA, PNA, RCA-1, DBA, SBA, AAA, UEA-I, LTA) techniques were used and the observations were made under light and electron microscopy. 25091902 2 34 dep Histochemical 362:374 arg1 PAS 377:379 PAS 377:379 PAS 377:379 Histochemical (PAS, AB pH 2.5 and pH 1.0, Beta-elimination PAS) and lectin-histochemical (Con A, WGA, Succinyl-WGA, PNA, RCA-1, DBA, SBA, AAA, UEA-I, LTA) techniques were used and the observations were made under light and electron microscopy. 25091902 2 34 dep Histochemical 362:374 arg1 pH 385:386 AB pH 2.5 382:390 AB pH 2.5 382:390 Histochemical (PAS, AB pH 2.5 and pH 1.0, Beta-elimination PAS) and lectin-histochemical (Con A, WGA, Succinyl-WGA, PNA, RCA-1, DBA, SBA, AAA, UEA-I, LTA) techniques were used and the observations were made under light and electron microscopy. 25091902 2 34 dep Histochemical 362:374 arg1 pH 396:397 pH 1.0 396:401 pH 1.0 396:401 Histochemical (PAS, AB pH 2.5 and pH 1.0, Beta-elimination PAS) and lectin-histochemical (Con A, WGA, Succinyl-WGA, PNA, RCA-1, DBA, SBA, AAA, UEA-I, LTA) techniques were used and the observations were made under light and electron microscopy. 25091902 2 34 dep Histochemical 362:374 arg1 PAS 421:423 Beta-elimination PAS 404:423 Beta-elimination PAS 404:423 Histochemical (PAS, AB pH 2.5 and pH 1.0, Beta-elimination PAS) and lectin-histochemical (Con A, WGA, Succinyl-WGA, PNA, RCA-1, DBA, SBA, AAA, UEA-I, LTA) techniques were used and the observations were made under light and electron microscopy. 25091902 0 35 theme structural 18:27 arg1 characterization 29:44 Histochemical and structural characterization 0:44 Histochemical and structural characterization of egg extra-cellular matrix in bufonid toads, Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus: molecular diversity versus morphological uniformity. 0:178 Histochemical and structural characterization of egg extra-cellular matrix in bufonid toads, Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus: molecular diversity versus morphological uniformity. 25091902 4 36 theme J2 705:706 arg1 fibers 695:700 The fibers 691:700 The fibers of J2 691:706 The fibers of J2 are shared among the eggs of a clutch in a jelly ribbon. 25091902 10 37 from similar 1384:1390 arg1 composition 1395:1405 composition 1395:1405 composition 1395:1405 The J2 layer is similar in composition to J1 but in B. balearicus there are no glucosaminylated residuals. 25091902 12 38 theme species 1624:1630 arg1 layer 1610:1614 the J2 layer 1603:1614 the J2 layer of both species 1603:1630 Several microorganisms, in particular blue algae, are observed in the J2 layer of both species. 25091902 2 39 theme Histochemical 362:374 arg1 techniques 517:526 Histochemical (PAS, AB pH 2.5 and pH 1.0, Beta-elimination PAS) and lectin-histochemical (Con A, WGA, Succinyl-WGA, PNA, RCA-1, DBA, SBA, AAA, UEA-I, LTA) techniques 362:526 Histochemical (PAS, AB pH 2.5 and pH 1.0, Beta-elimination PAS) and lectin-histochemical (Con A, WGA, Succinyl-WGA, PNA, RCA-1, DBA, SBA, AAA, UEA-I, LTA) techniques 362:526 Histochemical (PAS, AB pH 2.5 and pH 1.0, Beta-elimination PAS) and lectin-histochemical (Con A, WGA, Succinyl-WGA, PNA, RCA-1, DBA, SBA, AAA, UEA-I, LTA) techniques were used and the observations were made under light and electron microscopy. 25091902 0 40 theme extra-cellular 53:66 arg1 matrix 68:73 egg extra-cellular matrix 49:73 egg extra-cellular matrix in bufonid toads, Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus: molecular diversity versus morphological uniformity 49:177 Histochemical and structural characterization of egg extra-cellular matrix in bufonid toads, Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus: molecular diversity versus morphological uniformity. 25091902 9 41 theme galactosaminylated 1218:1235 arg1 residuals 1237:1245 galactosaminylated residuals 1218:1245 galactosaminylated residuals 1218:1245 A lower amount of galactosaminylated residuals is observed in B. balearicus in respect to B. bufo, whereas the opposite is seen in the amount of fucosylated residuals. 25091902 10 42 from composition 1395:1405 arg1 similar 1384:1390 similar 1384:1390 similar 1384:1390 The J2 layer is similar in composition to J1 but in B. balearicus there are no glucosaminylated residuals. 25091902 10 42 from composition 1395:1405 arg1 layer 1375:1379 The J2 layer 1368:1379 The J2 layer 1368:1379 The J2 layer is similar in composition to J1 but in B. balearicus there are no glucosaminylated residuals. 25091902 1 43 theme bufonid 232:238 arg1 bufo 251:254 Bufo bufo 246:254 Bufo bufo 246:254 The extra-cellular matrix of fertilized eggs in the bufonid toads Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus was studied to clear the relationships between structural and molecular diversity. 25091902 1 43 theme bufonid 232:238 arg1 balearicus 268:277 Bufotes balearicus 260:277 Bufotes balearicus 260:277 The extra-cellular matrix of fertilized eggs in the bufonid toads Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus was studied to clear the relationships between structural and molecular diversity. 25091902 1 43 theme bufonid 232:238 arg1 toads 240:244 the bufonid toads Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus 228:277 the bufonid toads Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus 228:277 The extra-cellular matrix of fertilized eggs in the bufonid toads Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus was studied to clear the relationships between structural and molecular diversity. 25091902 8 44 link O-linked 1102:1109 arg1 sialosulfoglycoproteins 1070:1092 sialosulfoglycoproteins 1070:1092 sialosulfoglycoproteins 1070:1092 The J1 layer of both species presents sialosulfoglycoproteins, mostly O-linked, with lactosaminylated, galactosaminylated, glycosaminylated, and fucosylated residuals. 25091902 12 45 theme J2 1607:1608 arg1 layer 1610:1614 the J2 layer 1603:1614 the J2 layer of both species 1603:1630 Several microorganisms, in particular blue algae, are observed in the J2 layer of both species. 25091902 2 46 theme AB 382:383 arg1 PAS 377:379 PAS 377:379 PAS 377:379 Histochemical (PAS, AB pH 2.5 and pH 1.0, Beta-elimination PAS) and lectin-histochemical (Con A, WGA, Succinyl-WGA, PNA, RCA-1, DBA, SBA, AAA, UEA-I, LTA) techniques were used and the observations were made under light and electron microscopy. 25091902 2 46 theme AB 382:383 arg1 pH 385:386 AB pH 2.5 382:390 AB pH 2.5 382:390 Histochemical (PAS, AB pH 2.5 and pH 1.0, Beta-elimination PAS) and lectin-histochemical (Con A, WGA, Succinyl-WGA, PNA, RCA-1, DBA, SBA, AAA, UEA-I, LTA) techniques were used and the observations were made under light and electron microscopy. 25091902 8 47 theme species 1053:1059 arg1 layer 1039:1043 The J1 layer 1032:1043 The J1 layer of both species 1032:1059 The J1 layer of both species presents sialosulfoglycoproteins, mostly O-linked, with lactosaminylated, galactosaminylated, glycosaminylated, and fucosylated residuals. 25091902 1 48 theme Bufo 246:249 arg1 bufo 251:254 Bufo bufo 246:254 Bufo bufo 246:254 The extra-cellular matrix of fertilized eggs in the bufonid toads Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus was studied to clear the relationships between structural and molecular diversity. 25091902 1 48 theme Bufo 246:249 arg1 toads 240:244 the bufonid toads Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus 228:277 the bufonid toads Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus 228:277 The extra-cellular matrix of fertilized eggs in the bufonid toads Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus was studied to clear the relationships between structural and molecular diversity. 25091902 3 49 theme fertilization 629:641 arg1 FE 653:654 FE 653:654 FE 653:654 Both species present a fertilization envelope (FE) and two jelly layers (J1 and J2). 25091902 3 49 theme fertilization 629:641 arg1 envelope 643:650 a fertilization envelope 627:650 a fertilization envelope (FE) 627:655 Both species present a fertilization envelope (FE) and two jelly layers (J1 and J2). 25091902 13 50 theme glycan 1752:1757 arg1 types 1759:1763 glycan types 1752:1763 glycan types 1752:1763 In respect to other species, B. bufo and B. balearicus have a lower number of jelly layers, but a comparable number of glycan types. 25091902 5 51 link N-linked 827:834 arg1 glycoproteins 805:817 neutral glycoproteins 797:817 neutral glycoproteins 797:817 The FE of both species presents neutral glycoproteins, mostly N-linked. 25091902 12 52 theme particular 1564:1573 arg1 algae 1580:1584 particular blue algae 1564:1584 particular blue algae 1564:1584 Several microorganisms, in particular blue algae, are observed in the J2 layer of both species. 25091902 1 53 theme structural 326:335 arg1 diversity 351:359 structural and molecular diversity 326:359 structural and molecular diversity 326:359 The extra-cellular matrix of fertilized eggs in the bufonid toads Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus was studied to clear the relationships between structural and molecular diversity. 25091902 13 54 dep B. 1674:1675 arg1 balearicus 1677:1686 B. balearicus 1674:1686 B. balearicus 1674:1686 In respect to other species, B. bufo and B. balearicus have a lower number of jelly layers, but a comparable number of glycan types. 25091902 7 55 with hanks 999:1003 arg1 orientation 1019:1029 no clear orientation 1010:1029 no clear orientation 1010:1029 In the FE fibers run parallel to egg's surface or are in bundles or looser hanks with no clear orientation. 25091902 1 56 theme fertilized 209:218 arg1 eggs 220:223 fertilized eggs 209:223 fertilized eggs 209:223 The extra-cellular matrix of fertilized eggs in the bufonid toads Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus was studied to clear the relationships between structural and molecular diversity. 25091902 10 57 theme glucosaminylated 1447:1462 arg1 residuals 1464:1472 no glucosaminylated residuals 1444:1472 no glucosaminylated residuals 1444:1472 The J2 layer is similar in composition to J1 but in B. balearicus there are no glucosaminylated residuals. 25091902 8 58 theme J1 1036:1037 arg1 layer 1039:1043 The J1 layer 1032:1043 The J1 layer of both species 1032:1059 The J1 layer of both species presents sialosulfoglycoproteins, mostly O-linked, with lactosaminylated, galactosaminylated, glycosaminylated, and fucosylated residuals. 25091902 12 59 from microorganisms 1545:1558 arg1 algae 1580:1584 particular blue algae 1564:1584 particular blue algae 1564:1584 Several microorganisms, in particular blue algae, are observed in the J2 layer of both species. 25091902 0 60 theme morphological 154:166 arg1 uniformity 168:177 morphological uniformity 154:177 morphological uniformity 154:177 Histochemical and structural characterization of egg extra-cellular matrix in bufonid toads, Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus: molecular diversity versus morphological uniformity. 25091902 4 61 theme jelly 751:755 arg1 ribbon 757:762 a jelly ribbon 749:762 a jelly ribbon 749:762 The fibers of J2 are shared among the eggs of a clutch in a jelly ribbon. 25091902 8 62 theme lactosaminylated 1117:1132 arg1 residuals 1189:1197 lactosaminylated, galactosaminylated, glycosaminylated, and fucosylated residuals 1117:1197 lactosaminylated, galactosaminylated, glycosaminylated, and fucosylated residuals 1117:1197 The J1 layer of both species presents sialosulfoglycoproteins, mostly O-linked, with lactosaminylated, galactosaminylated, glycosaminylated, and fucosylated residuals. 25091902 13 63 theme lower 1695:1699 arg1 number 1701:1706 a lower number 1693:1706 a lower number of jelly layers 1693:1722 In respect to other species, B. bufo and B. balearicus have a lower number of jelly layers, but a comparable number of glycan types. 25091902 2 64 used used 533:536 arg2 techniques 517:526 Histochemical (PAS, AB pH 2.5 and pH 1.0, Beta-elimination PAS) and lectin-histochemical (Con A, WGA, Succinyl-WGA, PNA, RCA-1, DBA, SBA, AAA, UEA-I, LTA) techniques 362:526 Histochemical (PAS, AB pH 2.5 and pH 1.0, Beta-elimination PAS) and lectin-histochemical (Con A, WGA, Succinyl-WGA, PNA, RCA-1, DBA, SBA, AAA, UEA-I, LTA) techniques 362:526 Histochemical (PAS, AB pH 2.5 and pH 1.0, Beta-elimination PAS) and lectin-histochemical (Con A, WGA, Succinyl-WGA, PNA, RCA-1, DBA, SBA, AAA, UEA-I, LTA) techniques were used and the observations were made under light and electron microscopy. 25091902 6 65 theme mannose 876:882 arg1 residuals 863:871 residuals 863:871 residuals of mannose and/or glucose and N-acetylglucosamine 863:921 In B. bufo there are also residuals of mannose and/or glucose and N-acetylglucosamine. 25091902 8 66 theme galactosaminylated 1135:1152 arg1 residuals 1189:1197 lactosaminylated, galactosaminylated, glycosaminylated, and fucosylated residuals 1117:1197 lactosaminylated, galactosaminylated, glycosaminylated, and fucosylated residuals 1117:1197 The J1 layer of both species presents sialosulfoglycoproteins, mostly O-linked, with lactosaminylated, galactosaminylated, glycosaminylated, and fucosylated residuals. 25091902 0 67 theme bufonid 78:84 arg1 toads 86:90 bufonid toads 78:90 bufonid toads 78:90 Histochemical and structural characterization of egg extra-cellular matrix in bufonid toads, Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus: molecular diversity versus morphological uniformity. 25091902 0 67 theme bufonid 78:84 arg1 bufo 98:101 Bufo bufo 93:101 Bufo bufo 93:101 Histochemical and structural characterization of egg extra-cellular matrix in bufonid toads, Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus: molecular diversity versus morphological uniformity. 25091902 0 67 theme bufonid 78:84 arg1 balearicus 115:124 Bufotes balearicus 107:124 Bufotes balearicus 107:124 Histochemical and structural characterization of egg extra-cellular matrix in bufonid toads, Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus: molecular diversity versus morphological uniformity. 25091902 9 68 theme fucosylated 1345:1355 arg1 residuals 1357:1365 fucosylated residuals 1345:1365 fucosylated residuals 1345:1365 A lower amount of galactosaminylated residuals is observed in B. balearicus in respect to B. bufo, whereas the opposite is seen in the amount of fucosylated residuals. 25091902 0 69 from characterization 29:44 arg1 toads 86:90 bufonid toads 78:90 bufonid toads 78:90 Histochemical and structural characterization of egg extra-cellular matrix in bufonid toads, Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus: molecular diversity versus morphological uniformity. 25091902 0 69 from characterization 29:44 arg1 bufo 98:101 Bufo bufo 93:101 Bufo bufo 93:101 Histochemical and structural characterization of egg extra-cellular matrix in bufonid toads, Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus: molecular diversity versus morphological uniformity. 25091902 0 69 from characterization 29:44 arg1 balearicus 115:124 Bufotes balearicus 107:124 Bufotes balearicus 107:124 Histochemical and structural characterization of egg extra-cellular matrix in bufonid toads, Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus: molecular diversity versus morphological uniformity. 25091902 8 70 theme glycosaminylated 1155:1170 arg1 residuals 1189:1197 lactosaminylated, galactosaminylated, glycosaminylated, and fucosylated residuals 1117:1197 lactosaminylated, galactosaminylated, glycosaminylated, and fucosylated residuals 1117:1197 The J1 layer of both species presents sialosulfoglycoproteins, mostly O-linked, with lactosaminylated, galactosaminylated, glycosaminylated, and fucosylated residuals. 25091902 9 71 located observed 1250:1257 arg2 residuals 1237:1245 galactosaminylated residuals 1218:1245 galactosaminylated residuals 1218:1245 A lower amount of galactosaminylated residuals is observed in B. balearicus in respect to B. bufo, whereas the opposite is seen in the amount of fucosylated residuals. 25091902 9 71 located observed 1250:1257 arg1 respect 1279:1285 respect 1279:1285 respect to B. bufo 1279:1296 A lower amount of galactosaminylated residuals is observed in B. balearicus in respect to B. bufo, whereas the opposite is seen in the amount of fucosylated residuals. 25091902 9 71 located observed 1250:1257 arg2 amount 1208:1213 A lower amount 1200:1213 A lower amount of galactosaminylated residuals 1200:1245 A lower amount of galactosaminylated residuals is observed in B. balearicus in respect to B. bufo, whereas the opposite is seen in the amount of fucosylated residuals. 25091902 9 71 located observed 1250:1257 arg1 balearicus 1265:1274 B. balearicus 1262:1274 B. balearicus 1262:1274 A lower amount of galactosaminylated residuals is observed in B. balearicus in respect to B. bufo, whereas the opposite is seen in the amount of fucosylated residuals. 25091902 3 72 dep layers 671:676 arg1 J1 679:680 J1 679:680 J1 679:680 Both species present a fertilization envelope (FE) and two jelly layers (J1 and J2). 25091902 3 72 dep layers 671:676 arg1 layers 671:676 two jelly layers 661:676 two jelly layers (J1 and J2) 661:688 Both species present a fertilization envelope (FE) and two jelly layers (J1 and J2). 25091902 3 72 dep layers 671:676 arg1 J2 686:687 J2 686:687 J2 686:687 Both species present a fertilization envelope (FE) and two jelly layers (J1 and J2). 25091902 0 73 from matrix 68:73 arg1 toads 86:90 bufonid toads 78:90 bufonid toads 78:90 Histochemical and structural characterization of egg extra-cellular matrix in bufonid toads, Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus: molecular diversity versus morphological uniformity. 25091902 0 73 from matrix 68:73 arg1 bufo 98:101 Bufo bufo 93:101 Bufo bufo 93:101 Histochemical and structural characterization of egg extra-cellular matrix in bufonid toads, Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus: molecular diversity versus morphological uniformity. 25091902 0 73 from matrix 68:73 arg1 balearicus 115:124 Bufotes balearicus 107:124 Bufotes balearicus 107:124 Histochemical and structural characterization of egg extra-cellular matrix in bufonid toads, Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus: molecular diversity versus morphological uniformity. 25091902 0 74 theme Bufotes 107:113 arg1 toads 86:90 bufonid toads 78:90 bufonid toads 78:90 Histochemical and structural characterization of egg extra-cellular matrix in bufonid toads, Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus: molecular diversity versus morphological uniformity. 25091902 0 74 theme Bufotes 107:113 arg1 balearicus 115:124 Bufotes balearicus 107:124 Bufotes balearicus 107:124 Histochemical and structural characterization of egg extra-cellular matrix in bufonid toads, Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus: molecular diversity versus morphological uniformity. 25091902 4 75 from eggs 729:732 arg1 ribbon 757:762 a jelly ribbon 749:762 a jelly ribbon 749:762 The fibers of J2 are shared among the eggs of a clutch in a jelly ribbon. 25091902 5 76 gly glycoproteins 805:817 arg1 glycoproteins 805:817 neutral glycoproteins 797:817 neutral glycoproteins 797:817 The FE of both species presents neutral glycoproteins, mostly N-linked. 25091902 7 77 theme clear 1013:1017 arg1 orientation 1019:1029 no clear orientation 1010:1029 no clear orientation 1010:1029 In the FE fibers run parallel to egg's surface or are in bundles or looser hanks with no clear orientation. 25091902 8 78 gly fucosylated 1177:1187 arg1 residuals 1189:1197 lactosaminylated, galactosaminylated, glycosaminylated, and fucosylated residuals 1117:1197 lactosaminylated, galactosaminylated, glycosaminylated, and fucosylated residuals 1117:1197 The J1 layer of both species presents sialosulfoglycoproteins, mostly O-linked, with lactosaminylated, galactosaminylated, glycosaminylated, and fucosylated residuals. 25091902 13 79 contain have 1688:1691 arg1 B. 1662:1663 B. 1662:1663 B. 1662:1663 In respect to other species, B. bufo and B. balearicus have a lower number of jelly layers, but a comparable number of glycan types. 25091902 13 79 contain have 1688:1691 arg2 number 1742:1747 a comparable number 1729:1747 a comparable number of glycan types 1729:1763 In respect to other species, B. bufo and B. balearicus have a lower number of jelly layers, but a comparable number of glycan types. 25091902 13 79 contain have 1688:1691 arg1 B. 1674:1675 B. 1674:1675 B. 1674:1675 In respect to other species, B. bufo and B. balearicus have a lower number of jelly layers, but a comparable number of glycan types. 25091902 13 79 contain have 1688:1691 arg2 number 1701:1706 a lower number 1693:1706 a lower number of jelly layers 1693:1722 In respect to other species, B. bufo and B. balearicus have a lower number of jelly layers, but a comparable number of glycan types. 25091902 2 80 theme lectin-histochemical 430:449 arg1 techniques 517:526 Histochemical (PAS, AB pH 2.5 and pH 1.0, Beta-elimination PAS) and lectin-histochemical (Con A, WGA, Succinyl-WGA, PNA, RCA-1, DBA, SBA, AAA, UEA-I, LTA) techniques 362:526 Histochemical (PAS, AB pH 2.5 and pH 1.0, Beta-elimination PAS) and lectin-histochemical (Con A, WGA, Succinyl-WGA, PNA, RCA-1, DBA, SBA, AAA, UEA-I, LTA) techniques 362:526 Histochemical (PAS, AB pH 2.5 and pH 1.0, Beta-elimination PAS) and lectin-histochemical (Con A, WGA, Succinyl-WGA, PNA, RCA-1, DBA, SBA, AAA, UEA-I, LTA) techniques were used and the observations were made under light and electron microscopy. 25091902 7 81 theme looser 992:997 arg1 hanks 999:1003 bundles or looser hanks 981:1003 bundles or looser hanks with no clear orientation 981:1029 In the FE fibers run parallel to egg's surface or are in bundles or looser hanks with no clear orientation. 25091902 13 82 theme other 1647:1651 arg1 species 1653:1659 other species 1647:1659 other species 1647:1659 In respect to other species, B. bufo and B. balearicus have a lower number of jelly layers, but a comparable number of glycan types. 25091902 2 83 theme Beta-elimination 404:419 arg1 PAS 377:379 PAS 377:379 PAS 377:379 Histochemical (PAS, AB pH 2.5 and pH 1.0, Beta-elimination PAS) and lectin-histochemical (Con A, WGA, Succinyl-WGA, PNA, RCA-1, DBA, SBA, AAA, UEA-I, LTA) techniques were used and the observations were made under light and electron microscopy. 25091902 2 83 theme Beta-elimination 404:419 arg1 PAS 421:423 Beta-elimination PAS 404:423 Beta-elimination PAS 404:423 Histochemical (PAS, AB pH 2.5 and pH 1.0, Beta-elimination PAS) and lectin-histochemical (Con A, WGA, Succinyl-WGA, PNA, RCA-1, DBA, SBA, AAA, UEA-I, LTA) techniques were used and the observations were made under light and electron microscopy. 25091902 7 84 theme bundles 981:987 arg1 hanks 999:1003 bundles or looser hanks 981:1003 bundles or looser hanks with no clear orientation 981:1029 In the FE fibers run parallel to egg's surface or are in bundles or looser hanks with no clear orientation. 25091902 9 85 theme lower 1202:1206 arg1 amount 1208:1213 A lower amount 1200:1213 A lower amount of galactosaminylated residuals 1200:1245 A lower amount of galactosaminylated residuals is observed in B. balearicus in respect to B. bufo, whereas the opposite is seen in the amount of fucosylated residuals. 25091902 9 85 theme lower 1202:1206 arg1 residuals 1237:1245 galactosaminylated residuals 1218:1245 galactosaminylated residuals 1218:1245 A lower amount of galactosaminylated residuals is observed in B. balearicus in respect to B. bufo, whereas the opposite is seen in the amount of fucosylated residuals. 25091902 6 86 theme glucose 891:897 arg1 residuals 863:871 residuals 863:871 residuals of mannose and/or glucose and N-acetylglucosamine 863:921 In B. bufo there are also residuals of mannose and/or glucose and N-acetylglucosamine. 25091902 0 87 theme matrix 68:73 arg1 characterization 29:44 Histochemical and structural characterization 0:44 Histochemical and structural characterization of egg extra-cellular matrix in bufonid toads, Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus: molecular diversity versus morphological uniformity. 0:178 Histochemical and structural characterization of egg extra-cellular matrix in bufonid toads, Bufo bufo and Bufotes balearicus: molecular diversity versus morphological uniformity. 25091902 2 88 theme Con 452:454 arg1 RCA-1 483:487 RCA-1 483:487 RCA-1 483:487 Histochemical (PAS, AB pH 2.5 and pH 1.0, Beta-elimination PAS) and lectin-histochemical (Con A, WGA, Succinyl-WGA, PNA, RCA-1, DBA, SBA, AAA, UEA-I, LTA) techniques were used and the observations were made under light and electron microscopy. 25091902 2 88 theme Con 452:454 arg1 DBA 490:492 DBA 490:492 DBA 490:492 Histochemical (PAS, AB pH 2.5 and pH 1.0, Beta-elimination PAS) and lectin-histochemical (Con A, WGA, Succinyl-WGA, PNA, RCA-1, DBA, SBA, AAA, UEA-I, LTA) techniques were used and the observations were made under light and electron microscopy. 25091902 2 88 theme Con 452:454 arg1 UEA-I 505:509 UEA-I 505:509 UEA-I 505:509 Histochemical (PAS, AB pH 2.5 and pH 1.0, Beta-elimination PAS) and lectin-histochemical (Con A, WGA, Succinyl-WGA, PNA, RCA-1, DBA, SBA, AAA, UEA-I, LTA) techniques were used and the observations were made under light and electron microscopy. 25091902 2 88 theme Con 452:454 arg1 Succinyl-WGA 464:475 Succinyl-WGA 464:475 Succinyl-WGA 464:475 Histochemical (PAS, AB pH 2.5 and pH 1.0, Beta-elimination PAS) and lectin-histochemical (Con A, WGA, Succinyl-WGA, PNA, RCA-1, DBA, SBA, AAA, UEA-I, LTA) techniques were used and the observations were made under light and electron microscopy. 25091902 2 88 theme Con 452:454 arg1 LTA 512:514 LTA 512:514 LTA 512:514 Histochemical (PAS, AB pH 2.5 and pH 1.0, Beta-elimination PAS) and lectin-histochemical (Con A, WGA, Succinyl-WGA, PNA, RCA-1, DBA, SBA, AAA, UEA-I, LTA) techniques were used and the observations were made under light and electron microscopy. 25091902 2 88 theme Con 452:454 arg1 PNA 478:480 PNA 478:480 PNA 478:480 Histochemical (PAS, AB pH 2.5 and pH 1.0, Beta-elimination PAS) and lectin-histochemical (Con A, WGA, Succinyl-WGA, PNA, RCA-1, DBA, SBA, AAA, UEA-I, LTA) techniques were used and the observations were made under light and electron microscopy. 25091902 2 88 theme Con 452:454 arg1 SBA 495:497 SBA 495:497 SBA 495:497 Histochemical (PAS, AB pH 2.5 and pH 1.0, Beta-elimination PAS) and lectin-histochemical (Con A, WGA, Succinyl-WGA, PNA, RCA-1, DBA, SBA, AAA, UEA-I, LTA) techniques were used and the observations were made under light and electron microscopy. 25091902 2 88 theme Con 452:454 arg1 A 456:456 Con A 452:456 Con A 452:456 Histochemical (PAS, AB pH 2.5 and pH 1.0, Beta-elimination PAS) and lectin-histochemical (Con A, WGA, Succinyl-WGA, PNA, RCA-1, DBA, SBA, AAA, UEA-I, LTA) techniques were used and the observations were made under light and electron microscopy. 25091902 2 88 theme Con 452:454 arg1 AAA 500:502 AAA 500:502 AAA 500:502 Histochemical (PAS, AB pH 2.5 and pH 1.0, Beta-elimination PAS) and lectin-histochemical (Con A, WGA, Succinyl-WGA, PNA, RCA-1, DBA, SBA, AAA, UEA-I, LTA) techniques were used and the observations were made under light and electron microscopy. 25091902 2 88 theme Con 452:454 arg1 WGA 459:461 WGA 459:461 WGA 459:461 Histochemical (PAS, AB pH 2.5 and pH 1.0, Beta-elimination PAS) and lectin-histochemical (Con A, WGA, Succinyl-WGA, PNA, RCA-1, DBA, SBA, AAA, UEA-I, LTA) techniques were used and the observations were made under light and electron microscopy. 25091902 9 89 theme residuals 1237:1245 arg1 amount 1208:1213 A lower amount 1200:1213 A lower amount of galactosaminylated residuals 1200:1245 A lower amount of galactosaminylated residuals is observed in B. balearicus in respect to B. bufo, whereas the opposite is seen in the amount of fucosylated residuals. 25091902 9 89 theme residuals 1237:1245 arg1 residuals 1237:1245 galactosaminylated residuals 1218:1245 galactosaminylated residuals 1218:1245 A lower amount of galactosaminylated residuals is observed in B. balearicus in respect to B. bufo, whereas the opposite is seen in the amount of fucosylated residuals. 25091902 13 90 theme types 1759:1763 arg1 number 1742:1747 a comparable number 1729:1747 a comparable number of glycan types 1729:1763 In respect to other species, B. bufo and B. balearicus have a lower number of jelly layers, but a comparable number of glycan types. 25091902 13 91 dep species 1653:1659 arg1 respect 1636:1642 respect 1636:1642 respect 1636:1642 In respect to other species, B. bufo and B. balearicus have a lower number of jelly layers, but a comparable number of glycan types. 25091902 12 92 located observed 1591:1598 arg1 layer 1610:1614 the J2 layer 1603:1614 the J2 layer of both species 1603:1630 Several microorganisms, in particular blue algae, are observed in the J2 layer of both species. 25091902 12 92 located observed 1591:1598 arg2 microorganisms 1545:1558 Several microorganisms 1537:1558 Several microorganisms 1537:1558 Several microorganisms, in particular blue algae, are observed in the J2 layer of both species. 25091902 11 93 theme J 1475:1475 arg1 layers 1477:1482 J layers 1475:1482 J layers 1475:1482 J layers present fibers and granules that reduce towards J2 . 24528743 8 0 from response 1298:1305 arg1 key 1265:1267 key 1265:1267 key 1265:1267 In this work, we demonstrated that the ability to control porosity is key in tuning drug delivery dose response from layer-by-layer modified hydrogels. 24528743 8 0 from response 1298:1305 arg1 ability 1234:1240 the ability to control porosity 1230:1260 the ability to control porosity 1230:1260 In this work, we demonstrated that the ability to control porosity is key in tuning drug delivery dose response from layer-by-layer modified hydrogels. 24528743 3 1 theme hydrogel 511:518 arg1 volume 501:506 unit volume 496:506 unit volume of hydrogel 496:518 Sucrose was added to agarose during gelation to homogenize the nanopore morphology, resulting in increased surface area per unit volume of hydrogel. 24528743 6 2 theme 6m 887:888 arg1 gel 898:900 6m(2)/cm(3)gel 887:900 6m(2)/cm(3)gel 887:900 The resulting surface area, normalized by superficial gel volume, ranged between 6m(2)/cm(3)gel and 56 m(2)/cm(3)gel. 24528743 4 3 theme % 576:576 arg1 agarose 578:584 1.5-5.0 wt% agarose and 0, 50 and 65 wt% sucrose 566:613 agarose 578:584 The surface area of a range of compositions (1.5-5.0 wt% agarose and 0, 50 and 65 wt% sucrose) was measured. 24528743 4 4 theme surface 525:531 arg1 area 533:536 The surface area 521:536 The surface area of a range of compositions (1.5-5.0 wt% agarose and 0, 50 and 65 wt% sucrose) 521:614 The surface area of a range of compositions (1.5-5.0 wt% agarose and 0, 50 and 65 wt% sucrose) was measured. 24528743 6 5 theme resulting 810:818 arg1 area 828:831 The resulting surface area 806:831 The resulting surface area 806:831 The resulting surface area, normalized by superficial gel volume, ranged between 6m(2)/cm(3)gel and 56 m(2)/cm(3)gel. 24528743 1 6 theme controlled 186:195 arg1 delivery 197:204 the controlled delivery 182:204 the controlled delivery of proteins for use in nerve repair scaffolds 182:250 Recent work demonstrated the efficacy of combining layer-by-layer assembly with hydrogels to provide the controlled delivery of proteins for use in nerve repair scaffolds. 24528743 6 7 theme superficial 848:858 arg1 volume 864:869 superficial gel volume 848:869 superficial gel volume 848:869 The resulting surface area, normalized by superficial gel volume, ranged between 6m(2)/cm(3)gel and 56 m(2)/cm(3)gel. 24528743 4 8 theme wt 574:575 arg1 agarose 578:584 1.5-5.0 wt% agarose and 0, 50 and 65 wt% sucrose 566:613 agarose 578:584 The surface area of a range of compositions (1.5-5.0 wt% agarose and 0, 50 and 65 wt% sucrose) was measured. 24528743 5 9 theme detailed 692:699 arg1 measurements 717:728 detailed pore morphology measurements 692:728 detailed pore morphology measurements using nitrogen adsorption and high resolution scanning electron microscopy 692:803 Gels were supercritically dried to preserve porosity enabling detailed pore morphology measurements using nitrogen adsorption and high resolution scanning electron microscopy. 24528743 4 10 dep area 533:536 arg1 agarose 578:584 1.5-5.0 wt% agarose and 0, 50 and 65 wt% sucrose 566:613 agarose 578:584 The surface area of a range of compositions (1.5-5.0 wt% agarose and 0, 50 and 65 wt% sucrose) was measured. 24528743 4 10 dep area 533:536 arg1 sucrose 607:613 1.5-5.0 wt% agarose and 0, 50 and 65 wt% sucrose 566:613 sucrose 607:613 The surface area of a range of compositions (1.5-5.0 wt% agarose and 0, 50 and 65 wt% sucrose) was measured. 24528743 4 10 dep area 533:536 arg1 50 593:594 50 593:594 50 593:594 The surface area of a range of compositions (1.5-5.0 wt% agarose and 0, 50 and 65 wt% sucrose) was measured. 24528743 5 11 theme pore 701:704 arg1 measurements 717:728 detailed pore morphology measurements 692:728 detailed pore morphology measurements using nitrogen adsorption and high resolution scanning electron microscopy 692:803 Gels were supercritically dried to preserve porosity enabling detailed pore morphology measurements using nitrogen adsorption and high resolution scanning electron microscopy. 24528743 0 12 from hydrogels 70:78 arg1 release 19:25 protein release 11:25 protein release from layer-by-layer functionalized agarose hydrogels 11:78 Augmenting protein release from layer-by-layer functionalized agarose hydrogels. 24528743 1 13 theme Recent 81:86 arg1 work 88:91 Recent work 81:91 Recent work 81:91 Recent work demonstrated the efficacy of combining layer-by-layer assembly with hydrogels to provide the controlled delivery of proteins for use in nerve repair scaffolds. 24528743 7 14 theme surface 1041:1047 arg1 area 1049:1052 surface area 1041:1052 surface area 1041:1052 Using the layer-by-layer process to load lysozyme, a neurotrophic factor analog, a relationship was observed between surface area and cumulative dose response ranging from 176 to 2556 μg/mL, which is in the range of clinical relevance for the delivery of growth factors. 24528743 2 15 theme dose 292:295 arg1 response 297:304 the protein dose response 280:304 the protein dose response 280:304 In this work, we augmented the protein dose response by controlling and increasing the hydrogel internal surface area. 24528743 8 16 from key 1265:1267 arg1 response 1298:1305 tuning drug delivery dose response 1272:1305 tuning drug delivery dose response from layer-by-layer modified hydrogels 1272:1344 In this work, we demonstrated that the ability to control porosity is key in tuning drug delivery dose response from layer-by-layer modified hydrogels. 24528743 7 17 theme clinical 1140:1147 arg1 relevance 1149:1157 clinical relevance 1140:1157 clinical relevance for the delivery of growth factors 1140:1192 Using the layer-by-layer process to load lysozyme, a neurotrophic factor analog, a relationship was observed between surface area and cumulative dose response ranging from 176 to 2556 μg/mL, which is in the range of clinical relevance for the delivery of growth factors. 24528743 5 18 theme morphology 706:715 arg1 measurements 717:728 detailed pore morphology measurements 692:728 detailed pore morphology measurements using nitrogen adsorption and high resolution scanning electron microscopy 692:803 Gels were supercritically dried to preserve porosity enabling detailed pore morphology measurements using nitrogen adsorption and high resolution scanning electron microscopy. 24528743 2 19 theme surface 358:364 arg1 area 366:369 the hydrogel internal surface area 336:369 the hydrogel internal surface area 336:369 In this work, we augmented the protein dose response by controlling and increasing the hydrogel internal surface area. 24528743 7 20 theme factor 990:995 arg1 analog 997:1002 a neurotrophic factor analog 975:1002 a neurotrophic factor analog 975:1002 Using the layer-by-layer process to load lysozyme, a neurotrophic factor analog, a relationship was observed between surface area and cumulative dose response ranging from 176 to 2556 μg/mL, which is in the range of clinical relevance for the delivery of growth factors. 24528743 7 20 theme factor 990:995 arg1 lysozyme 965:972 load lysozyme 960:972 load lysozyme 960:972 Using the layer-by-layer process to load lysozyme, a neurotrophic factor analog, a relationship was observed between surface area and cumulative dose response ranging from 176 to 2556 μg/mL, which is in the range of clinical relevance for the delivery of growth factors. 24528743 2 21 theme protein 284:290 arg1 response 297:304 the protein dose response 280:304 the protein dose response 280:304 In this work, we augmented the protein dose response by controlling and increasing the hydrogel internal surface area. 24528743 1 22 theme proteins 209:216 arg1 delivery 197:204 the controlled delivery 182:204 the controlled delivery of proteins for use in nerve repair scaffolds 182:250 Recent work demonstrated the efficacy of combining layer-by-layer assembly with hydrogels to provide the controlled delivery of proteins for use in nerve repair scaffolds. 24528743 5 23 theme electron 785:792 arg1 microscopy 794:803 high resolution scanning electron microscopy 760:803 high resolution scanning electron microscopy 760:803 Gels were supercritically dried to preserve porosity enabling detailed pore morphology measurements using nitrogen adsorption and high resolution scanning electron microscopy. 24528743 5 24 theme high 760:763 arg1 microscopy 794:803 high resolution scanning electron microscopy 760:803 high resolution scanning electron microscopy 760:803 Gels were supercritically dried to preserve porosity enabling detailed pore morphology measurements using nitrogen adsorption and high resolution scanning electron microscopy. 24528743 8 25 from hydrogels 1336:1344 arg1 response 1298:1305 tuning drug delivery dose response 1272:1305 tuning drug delivery dose response from layer-by-layer modified hydrogels 1272:1344 In this work, we demonstrated that the ability to control porosity is key in tuning drug delivery dose response from layer-by-layer modified hydrogels. 24528743 0 26 theme protein 11:17 arg1 release 19:25 protein release 11:25 protein release from layer-by-layer functionalized agarose hydrogels 11:78 Augmenting protein release from layer-by-layer functionalized agarose hydrogels. 24528743 6 27 dep gel 919:921 arg1 3 917:917 3 917:917 3 917:917 The resulting surface area, normalized by superficial gel volume, ranged between 6m(2)/cm(3)gel and 56 m(2)/cm(3)gel. 24528743 3 28 theme nanopore 435:442 arg1 morphology 444:453 the nanopore morphology 431:453 the nanopore morphology 431:453 Sucrose was added to agarose during gelation to homogenize the nanopore morphology, resulting in increased surface area per unit volume of hydrogel. 24528743 4 29 theme compositions 552:563 arg1 range 543:547 a range 541:547 a range of compositions 541:563 The surface area of a range of compositions (1.5-5.0 wt% agarose and 0, 50 and 65 wt% sucrose) was measured. 24528743 6 30 theme surface 820:826 arg1 area 828:831 The resulting surface area 806:831 The resulting surface area 806:831 The resulting surface area, normalized by superficial gel volume, ranged between 6m(2)/cm(3)gel and 56 m(2)/cm(3)gel. 24528743 7 31 theme load 960:963 arg1 analog 997:1002 a neurotrophic factor analog 975:1002 a neurotrophic factor analog 975:1002 Using the layer-by-layer process to load lysozyme, a neurotrophic factor analog, a relationship was observed between surface area and cumulative dose response ranging from 176 to 2556 μg/mL, which is in the range of clinical relevance for the delivery of growth factors. 24528743 7 31 theme load 960:963 arg1 lysozyme 965:972 load lysozyme 960:972 load lysozyme 960:972 Using the layer-by-layer process to load lysozyme, a neurotrophic factor analog, a relationship was observed between surface area and cumulative dose response ranging from 176 to 2556 μg/mL, which is in the range of clinical relevance for the delivery of growth factors. 24528743 8 32 theme dose 1293:1296 arg1 response 1298:1305 tuning drug delivery dose response 1272:1305 tuning drug delivery dose response from layer-by-layer modified hydrogels 1272:1344 In this work, we demonstrated that the ability to control porosity is key in tuning drug delivery dose response from layer-by-layer modified hydrogels. 24528743 6 33 theme m 909:909 arg1 gel 919:921 56 m(2)/cm(3)gel 906:921 56 m(2)/cm(3)gel 906:921 The resulting surface area, normalized by superficial gel volume, ranged between 6m(2)/cm(3)gel and 56 m(2)/cm(3)gel. 24528743 3 34 theme surface 479:485 arg1 area 487:490 increased surface area 469:490 increased surface area per unit volume of hydrogel 469:518 Sucrose was added to agarose during gelation to homogenize the nanopore morphology, resulting in increased surface area per unit volume of hydrogel. 24528743 7 35 theme cumulative 1058:1067 arg1 response 1074:1081 cumulative dose response 1058:1081 cumulative dose response 1058:1081 Using the layer-by-layer process to load lysozyme, a neurotrophic factor analog, a relationship was observed between surface area and cumulative dose response ranging from 176 to 2556 μg/mL, which is in the range of clinical relevance for the delivery of growth factors. 24528743 7 36 dep μg/mL 1108:1112 arg1 to 1100:1101 to 1100:1101 to 1100:1101 Using the layer-by-layer process to load lysozyme, a neurotrophic factor analog, a relationship was observed between surface area and cumulative dose response ranging from 176 to 2556 μg/mL, which is in the range of clinical relevance for the delivery of growth factors. 24528743 7 37 theme factors 1186:1192 arg1 delivery 1167:1174 the delivery 1163:1174 the delivery of growth factors 1163:1192 Using the layer-by-layer process to load lysozyme, a neurotrophic factor analog, a relationship was observed between surface area and cumulative dose response ranging from 176 to 2556 μg/mL, which is in the range of clinical relevance for the delivery of growth factors. 24528743 7 38 theme growth 1179:1184 arg1 factors 1186:1192 growth factors 1179:1192 growth factors 1179:1192 Using the layer-by-layer process to load lysozyme, a neurotrophic factor analog, a relationship was observed between surface area and cumulative dose response ranging from 176 to 2556 μg/mL, which is in the range of clinical relevance for the delivery of growth factors. 24528743 0 39 theme functionalized 47:60 arg1 hydrogels 70:78 layer-by-layer functionalized agarose hydrogels 32:78 layer-by-layer functionalized agarose hydrogels 32:78 Augmenting protein release from layer-by-layer functionalized agarose hydrogels. 24528743 6 40 theme gel 860:862 arg1 volume 864:869 superficial gel volume 848:869 superficial gel volume 848:869 The resulting surface area, normalized by superficial gel volume, ranged between 6m(2)/cm(3)gel and 56 m(2)/cm(3)gel. 24528743 4 41 theme % 605:605 arg1 sucrose 607:613 1.5-5.0 wt% agarose and 0, 50 and 65 wt% sucrose 566:613 sucrose 607:613 The surface area of a range of compositions (1.5-5.0 wt% agarose and 0, 50 and 65 wt% sucrose) was measured. 24528743 1 42 theme nerve 229:233 arg1 scaffolds 242:250 nerve repair scaffolds 229:250 nerve repair scaffolds 229:250 Recent work demonstrated the efficacy of combining layer-by-layer assembly with hydrogels to provide the controlled delivery of proteins for use in nerve repair scaffolds. 24528743 0 43 theme layer-by-layer 32:45 arg1 hydrogels 70:78 layer-by-layer functionalized agarose hydrogels 32:78 layer-by-layer functionalized agarose hydrogels 32:78 Augmenting protein release from layer-by-layer functionalized agarose hydrogels. 24528743 5 44 theme resolution 765:774 arg1 microscopy 794:803 high resolution scanning electron microscopy 760:803 high resolution scanning electron microscopy 760:803 Gels were supercritically dried to preserve porosity enabling detailed pore morphology measurements using nitrogen adsorption and high resolution scanning electron microscopy. 24528743 6 45 theme /cm 913:915 arg1 gel 919:921 56 m(2)/cm(3)gel 906:921 56 m(2)/cm(3)gel 906:921 The resulting surface area, normalized by superficial gel volume, ranged between 6m(2)/cm(3)gel and 56 m(2)/cm(3)gel. 24528743 3 46 theme increased 469:477 arg1 area 487:490 increased surface area 469:490 increased surface area per unit volume of hydrogel 469:518 Sucrose was added to agarose during gelation to homogenize the nanopore morphology, resulting in increased surface area per unit volume of hydrogel. 24528743 5 47 theme scanning 776:783 arg1 microscopy 794:803 high resolution scanning electron microscopy 760:803 high resolution scanning electron microscopy 760:803 Gels were supercritically dried to preserve porosity enabling detailed pore morphology measurements using nitrogen adsorption and high resolution scanning electron microscopy. 24528743 7 48 theme layer-by-layer 934:947 arg1 process 949:955 the layer-by-layer process 930:955 the layer-by-layer process to load lysozyme, a neurotrophic factor analog 930:1002 Using the layer-by-layer process to load lysozyme, a neurotrophic factor analog, a relationship was observed between surface area and cumulative dose response ranging from 176 to 2556 μg/mL, which is in the range of clinical relevance for the delivery of growth factors. 24528743 7 49 theme relevance 1149:1157 arg1 range 1131:1135 the range 1127:1135 the range of clinical relevance for the delivery of growth factors 1127:1192 Using the layer-by-layer process to load lysozyme, a neurotrophic factor analog, a relationship was observed between surface area and cumulative dose response ranging from 176 to 2556 μg/mL, which is in the range of clinical relevance for the delivery of growth factors. 24528743 1 50 theme layer-by-layer 132:145 arg1 assembly 147:154 layer-by-layer assembly 132:154 layer-by-layer assembly 132:154 Recent work demonstrated the efficacy of combining layer-by-layer assembly with hydrogels to provide the controlled delivery of proteins for use in nerve repair scaffolds. 24528743 0 51 theme agarose 62:68 arg1 hydrogels 70:78 layer-by-layer functionalized agarose hydrogels 32:78 layer-by-layer functionalized agarose hydrogels 32:78 Augmenting protein release from layer-by-layer functionalized agarose hydrogels. 24528743 4 52 theme range 543:547 arg1 area 533:536 The surface area 521:536 The surface area of a range of compositions (1.5-5.0 wt% agarose and 0, 50 and 65 wt% sucrose) 521:614 The surface area of a range of compositions (1.5-5.0 wt% agarose and 0, 50 and 65 wt% sucrose) was measured. 24528743 1 53 from use 222:224 arg1 scaffolds 242:250 nerve repair scaffolds 229:250 nerve repair scaffolds 229:250 Recent work demonstrated the efficacy of combining layer-by-layer assembly with hydrogels to provide the controlled delivery of proteins for use in nerve repair scaffolds. 24528743 2 54 theme internal 349:356 arg1 area 366:369 the hydrogel internal surface area 336:369 the hydrogel internal surface area 336:369 In this work, we augmented the protein dose response by controlling and increasing the hydrogel internal surface area. 24528743 8 55 theme modified 1327:1334 arg1 hydrogels 1336:1344 layer-by-layer modified hydrogels 1312:1344 layer-by-layer modified hydrogels 1312:1344 In this work, we demonstrated that the ability to control porosity is key in tuning drug delivery dose response from layer-by-layer modified hydrogels. 24528743 8 56 theme tuning 1272:1277 arg1 response 1298:1305 tuning drug delivery dose response 1272:1305 tuning drug delivery dose response from layer-by-layer modified hydrogels 1272:1344 In this work, we demonstrated that the ability to control porosity is key in tuning drug delivery dose response from layer-by-layer modified hydrogels. 24528743 2 57 theme hydrogel 340:347 arg1 area 366:369 the hydrogel internal surface area 336:369 the hydrogel internal surface area 336:369 In this work, we augmented the protein dose response by controlling and increasing the hydrogel internal surface area. 24528743 3 58 theme unit 496:499 arg1 volume 501:506 unit volume 496:506 unit volume of hydrogel 496:518 Sucrose was added to agarose during gelation to homogenize the nanopore morphology, resulting in increased surface area per unit volume of hydrogel. 24528743 6 59 dep gel 898:900 arg1 3 896:896 3 896:896 3 896:896 The resulting surface area, normalized by superficial gel volume, ranged between 6m(2)/cm(3)gel and 56 m(2)/cm(3)gel. 24528743 7 60 theme neurotrophic 977:988 arg1 analog 997:1002 a neurotrophic factor analog 975:1002 a neurotrophic factor analog 975:1002 Using the layer-by-layer process to load lysozyme, a neurotrophic factor analog, a relationship was observed between surface area and cumulative dose response ranging from 176 to 2556 μg/mL, which is in the range of clinical relevance for the delivery of growth factors. 24528743 7 60 theme neurotrophic 977:988 arg1 lysozyme 965:972 load lysozyme 960:972 load lysozyme 960:972 Using the layer-by-layer process to load lysozyme, a neurotrophic factor analog, a relationship was observed between surface area and cumulative dose response ranging from 176 to 2556 μg/mL, which is in the range of clinical relevance for the delivery of growth factors. 24528743 8 61 theme layer-by-layer 1312:1325 arg1 hydrogels 1336:1344 layer-by-layer modified hydrogels 1312:1344 layer-by-layer modified hydrogels 1312:1344 In this work, we demonstrated that the ability to control porosity is key in tuning drug delivery dose response from layer-by-layer modified hydrogels. 24528743 1 62 theme repair 235:240 arg1 scaffolds 242:250 nerve repair scaffolds 229:250 nerve repair scaffolds 229:250 Recent work demonstrated the efficacy of combining layer-by-layer assembly with hydrogels to provide the controlled delivery of proteins for use in nerve repair scaffolds. 24528743 8 63 theme delivery 1284:1291 arg1 response 1298:1305 tuning drug delivery dose response 1272:1305 tuning drug delivery dose response from layer-by-layer modified hydrogels 1272:1344 In this work, we demonstrated that the ability to control porosity is key in tuning drug delivery dose response from layer-by-layer modified hydrogels. 24528743 4 64 theme wt 603:604 arg1 sucrose 607:613 1.5-5.0 wt% agarose and 0, 50 and 65 wt% sucrose 566:613 sucrose 607:613 The surface area of a range of compositions (1.5-5.0 wt% agarose and 0, 50 and 65 wt% sucrose) was measured. 24528743 5 65 theme nitrogen 736:743 arg1 adsorption 745:754 nitrogen adsorption 736:754 nitrogen adsorption 736:754 Gels were supercritically dried to preserve porosity enabling detailed pore morphology measurements using nitrogen adsorption and high resolution scanning electron microscopy. 24528743 6 66 theme /cm 892:894 arg1 gel 898:900 6m(2)/cm(3)gel 887:900 6m(2)/cm(3)gel 887:900 The resulting surface area, normalized by superficial gel volume, ranged between 6m(2)/cm(3)gel and 56 m(2)/cm(3)gel. 24528743 8 67 theme drug 1279:1282 arg1 response 1298:1305 tuning drug delivery dose response 1272:1305 tuning drug delivery dose response from layer-by-layer modified hydrogels 1272:1344 In this work, we demonstrated that the ability to control porosity is key in tuning drug delivery dose response from layer-by-layer modified hydrogels. 24528743 7 68 theme dose 1069:1072 arg1 response 1074:1081 cumulative dose response 1058:1081 cumulative dose response 1058:1081 Using the layer-by-layer process to load lysozyme, a neurotrophic factor analog, a relationship was observed between surface area and cumulative dose response ranging from 176 to 2556 μg/mL, which is in the range of clinical relevance for the delivery of growth factors. 24459987 3 0 theme cell 519:522 arg1 surface 524:530 the cell surface 515:530 the cell surface 515:530 GAGs also regulate growth factor-receptor interactions at the cell surface. 24459987 7 1 dep aggrecan 1220:1227 arg1 mimics 1229:1234 mimics 1229:1234 mimics 1229:1234 We evaluate FGF-2 activity by measuring both the proliferation and metabolic activity of bone marrow stromal cells to demonstrate that chondroitin sulfate-based aggrecan mimics are as effective as aggrecan, and heparin-based aggrecan mimics are superior to aggrecan as delivery vehicles for FGF-2. 24459987 7 2 theme bone 1148:1151 arg1 marrow 1153:1158 bone marrow 1148:1158 bone marrow stromal cells 1148:1172 We evaluate FGF-2 activity by measuring both the proliferation and metabolic activity of bone marrow stromal cells to demonstrate that chondroitin sulfate-based aggrecan mimics are as effective as aggrecan, and heparin-based aggrecan mimics are superior to aggrecan as delivery vehicles for FGF-2. 24459987 7 3 theme heparin-based 1270:1282 arg1 aggrecan 1284:1291 heparin-based aggrecan mimics 1270:1298 heparin-based aggrecan mimics 1270:1298 We evaluate FGF-2 activity by measuring both the proliferation and metabolic activity of bone marrow stromal cells to demonstrate that chondroitin sulfate-based aggrecan mimics are as effective as aggrecan, and heparin-based aggrecan mimics are superior to aggrecan as delivery vehicles for FGF-2. 24459987 4 4 theme factor 592:597 arg1 delivery 599:606 growth factor delivery 585:606 growth factor delivery that mimic the size, GAG composition, and growth factor binding and stabilization of aggrecan 585:700 Here we report the development of nanoparticles for growth factor delivery that mimic the size, GAG composition, and growth factor binding and stabilization of aggrecan. 24459987 7 5 theme metabolic 1126:1134 arg1 activity 1136:1143 metabolic activity 1126:1143 metabolic activity 1126:1143 We evaluate FGF-2 activity by measuring both the proliferation and metabolic activity of bone marrow stromal cells to demonstrate that chondroitin sulfate-based aggrecan mimics are as effective as aggrecan, and heparin-based aggrecan mimics are superior to aggrecan as delivery vehicles for FGF-2. 24459987 2 6 from factors 323:329 arg1 space 369:373 the pericellular and extracellular space 334:373 space 369:373 In many tissues, the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains of proteoglycans like aggrecan stabilize growth factors in the pericellular and extracellular space, creating a local reservoir that can be accessed during a wound healing response. 24459987 1 7 theme factors 137:143 arg1 delivery 118:125 The direct delivery 107:125 The direct delivery of growth factors to sites of tissue healing 107:170 The direct delivery of growth factors to sites of tissue healing is complicated by their relative instability. 24459987 5 8 theme biological 845:854 arg1 properties 856:865 their physical and biological properties 826:865 their physical and biological properties 826:865 The aggrecan-mimetic nanoparticles are easy to assemble, and their structure and composition can be readily tuned to alter their physical and biological properties. 24459987 2 9 theme proteoglycans 278:290 arg1 chains 268:273 the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains 235:273 the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains of proteoglycans like aggrecan 235:304 In many tissues, the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains of proteoglycans like aggrecan stabilize growth factors in the pericellular and extracellular space, creating a local reservoir that can be accessed during a wound healing response. 24459987 7 10 theme stromal 1160:1166 arg1 cells 1168:1172 bone marrow stromal cells 1148:1172 bone marrow stromal cells 1148:1172 We evaluate FGF-2 activity by measuring both the proliferation and metabolic activity of bone marrow stromal cells to demonstrate that chondroitin sulfate-based aggrecan mimics are as effective as aggrecan, and heparin-based aggrecan mimics are superior to aggrecan as delivery vehicles for FGF-2. 24459987 7 11 theme cells 1168:1172 arg1 proliferation 1108:1120 proliferation 1108:1120 proliferation 1108:1120 We evaluate FGF-2 activity by measuring both the proliferation and metabolic activity of bone marrow stromal cells to demonstrate that chondroitin sulfate-based aggrecan mimics are as effective as aggrecan, and heparin-based aggrecan mimics are superior to aggrecan as delivery vehicles for FGF-2. 24459987 7 11 theme cells 1168:1172 arg1 activity 1136:1143 metabolic activity 1126:1143 metabolic activity 1126:1143 We evaluate FGF-2 activity by measuring both the proliferation and metabolic activity of bone marrow stromal cells to demonstrate that chondroitin sulfate-based aggrecan mimics are as effective as aggrecan, and heparin-based aggrecan mimics are superior to aggrecan as delivery vehicles for FGF-2. 24459987 7 12 theme sulfate-based 1206:1218 arg1 aggrecan 1220:1227 chondroitin sulfate-based aggrecan 1194:1227 chondroitin sulfate-based aggrecan mimics 1194:1234 We evaluate FGF-2 activity by measuring both the proliferation and metabolic activity of bone marrow stromal cells to demonstrate that chondroitin sulfate-based aggrecan mimics are as effective as aggrecan, and heparin-based aggrecan mimics are superior to aggrecan as delivery vehicles for FGF-2. 24459987 4 13 theme factor 657:662 arg1 binding 664:670 growth factor binding 650:670 growth factor binding 650:670 Here we report the development of nanoparticles for growth factor delivery that mimic the size, GAG composition, and growth factor binding and stabilization of aggrecan. 24459987 7 14 theme chondroitin 1194:1204 arg1 aggrecan 1220:1227 chondroitin sulfate-based aggrecan 1194:1227 chondroitin sulfate-based aggrecan mimics 1194:1234 We evaluate FGF-2 activity by measuring both the proliferation and metabolic activity of bone marrow stromal cells to demonstrate that chondroitin sulfate-based aggrecan mimics are as effective as aggrecan, and heparin-based aggrecan mimics are superior to aggrecan as delivery vehicles for FGF-2. 24459987 6 15 theme growth 892:897 arg1 factor 948:953 a model heparin-binding growth factor 917:953 a model heparin-binding growth factor 917:953 We use basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) as a model heparin-binding growth factor, demonstrating that aggrecan-mimetic nanoparticles can preserve its activity for more than three weeks. 24459987 6 15 theme growth 892:897 arg1 FGF-2 907:911 FGF-2 907:911 FGF-2 907:911 We use basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) as a model heparin-binding growth factor, demonstrating that aggrecan-mimetic nanoparticles can preserve its activity for more than three weeks. 24459987 6 15 theme growth 892:897 arg1 factor 899:904 basic fibroblast growth factor 875:904 basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) 875:912 We use basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) as a model heparin-binding growth factor, demonstrating that aggrecan-mimetic nanoparticles can preserve its activity for more than three weeks. 24459987 1 16 theme direct 111:116 arg1 delivery 118:125 The direct delivery 107:125 The direct delivery of growth factors to sites of tissue healing 107:170 The direct delivery of growth factors to sites of tissue healing is complicated by their relative instability. 24459987 1 17 theme relative 196:203 arg1 instability 205:215 their relative instability 190:215 their relative instability 190:215 The direct delivery of growth factors to sites of tissue healing is complicated by their relative instability. 24459987 0 18 theme Aggrecan-mimetic 0:15 arg1 nanoparticles 47:59 Aggrecan-mimetic, glycosaminoglycan-containing nanoparticles 0:59 Aggrecan-mimetic, glycosaminoglycan-containing nanoparticles for growth factor stabilization and delivery. 0:105 Aggrecan-mimetic, glycosaminoglycan-containing nanoparticles for growth factor stabilization and delivery. 24459987 4 19 theme nanoparticles 567:579 arg1 development 552:562 the development 548:562 the development of nanoparticles 548:579 Here we report the development of nanoparticles for growth factor delivery that mimic the size, GAG composition, and growth factor binding and stabilization of aggrecan. 24459987 2 20 theme local 387:391 arg1 reservoir 393:401 a local reservoir 385:401 a local reservoir that can be accessed during a wound healing response 385:454 In many tissues, the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains of proteoglycans like aggrecan stabilize growth factors in the pericellular and extracellular space, creating a local reservoir that can be accessed during a wound healing response. 24459987 2 21 theme healing 439:445 arg1 response 447:454 a wound healing response 431:454 a wound healing response 431:454 In many tissues, the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains of proteoglycans like aggrecan stabilize growth factors in the pericellular and extracellular space, creating a local reservoir that can be accessed during a wound healing response. 24459987 6 22 theme aggrecan-mimetic 975:990 arg1 nanoparticles 992:1004 aggrecan-mimetic nanoparticles 975:1004 aggrecan-mimetic nanoparticles 975:1004 We use basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) as a model heparin-binding growth factor, demonstrating that aggrecan-mimetic nanoparticles can preserve its activity for more than three weeks. 24459987 5 23 theme aggrecan-mimetic 707:722 arg1 nanoparticles 724:736 The aggrecan-mimetic nanoparticles 703:736 The aggrecan-mimetic nanoparticles 703:736 The aggrecan-mimetic nanoparticles are easy to assemble, and their structure and composition can be readily tuned to alter their physical and biological properties. 24459987 5 23 theme aggrecan-mimetic 707:722 arg1 easy 742:745 easy 742:745 easy 742:745 The aggrecan-mimetic nanoparticles are easy to assemble, and their structure and composition can be readily tuned to alter their physical and biological properties. 24459987 2 24 theme growth 316:321 arg1 factors 323:329 growth factors 316:329 growth factors in the pericellular and extracellular space 316:373 In many tissues, the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains of proteoglycans like aggrecan stabilize growth factors in the pericellular and extracellular space, creating a local reservoir that can be accessed during a wound healing response. 24459987 2 25 theme wound 433:437 arg1 healing 439:445 a wound healing 431:445 a wound healing response 431:454 In many tissues, the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains of proteoglycans like aggrecan stabilize growth factors in the pericellular and extracellular space, creating a local reservoir that can be accessed during a wound healing response. 24459987 4 26 theme growth 585:590 arg1 factor 592:597 growth factor 585:597 growth factor delivery that mimic the size, GAG composition, and growth factor binding and stabilization of aggrecan 585:700 Here we report the development of nanoparticles for growth factor delivery that mimic the size, GAG composition, and growth factor binding and stabilization of aggrecan. 24459987 6 27 theme fibroblast 881:890 arg1 factor 948:953 a model heparin-binding growth factor 917:953 a model heparin-binding growth factor 917:953 We use basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) as a model heparin-binding growth factor, demonstrating that aggrecan-mimetic nanoparticles can preserve its activity for more than three weeks. 24459987 6 27 theme fibroblast 881:890 arg1 FGF-2 907:911 FGF-2 907:911 FGF-2 907:911 We use basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) as a model heparin-binding growth factor, demonstrating that aggrecan-mimetic nanoparticles can preserve its activity for more than three weeks. 24459987 6 27 theme fibroblast 881:890 arg1 factor 899:904 basic fibroblast growth factor 875:904 basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) 875:912 We use basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) as a model heparin-binding growth factor, demonstrating that aggrecan-mimetic nanoparticles can preserve its activity for more than three weeks. 24459987 1 28 theme growth 130:135 arg1 factors 137:143 growth factors 130:143 growth factors 130:143 The direct delivery of growth factors to sites of tissue healing is complicated by their relative instability. 24459987 3 29 theme growth 476:481 arg1 interactions 499:510 growth factor-receptor interactions 476:510 growth factor-receptor interactions 476:510 GAGs also regulate growth factor-receptor interactions at the cell surface. 24459987 0 30 theme growth 65:70 arg1 stabilization 79:91 growth factor stabilization 65:91 growth factor stabilization 65:91 Aggrecan-mimetic, glycosaminoglycan-containing nanoparticles for growth factor stabilization and delivery. 24459987 7 31 theme FGF-2 1071:1075 arg1 activity 1077:1084 FGF-2 activity 1071:1084 FGF-2 activity 1071:1084 We evaluate FGF-2 activity by measuring both the proliferation and metabolic activity of bone marrow stromal cells to demonstrate that chondroitin sulfate-based aggrecan mimics are as effective as aggrecan, and heparin-based aggrecan mimics are superior to aggrecan as delivery vehicles for FGF-2. 24459987 6 32 theme basic 875:879 arg1 factor 948:953 a model heparin-binding growth factor 917:953 a model heparin-binding growth factor 917:953 We use basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) as a model heparin-binding growth factor, demonstrating that aggrecan-mimetic nanoparticles can preserve its activity for more than three weeks. 24459987 6 32 theme basic 875:879 arg1 FGF-2 907:911 FGF-2 907:911 FGF-2 907:911 We use basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) as a model heparin-binding growth factor, demonstrating that aggrecan-mimetic nanoparticles can preserve its activity for more than three weeks. 24459987 6 32 theme basic 875:879 arg1 factor 899:904 basic fibroblast growth factor 875:904 basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) 875:912 We use basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) as a model heparin-binding growth factor, demonstrating that aggrecan-mimetic nanoparticles can preserve its activity for more than three weeks. 24459987 4 33 theme growth 650:655 arg1 binding 664:670 growth factor binding 650:670 growth factor binding 650:670 Here we report the development of nanoparticles for growth factor delivery that mimic the size, GAG composition, and growth factor binding and stabilization of aggrecan. 24459987 4 34 theme aggrecan 693:700 arg1 size 623:626 the size 619:626 the size 619:626 Here we report the development of nanoparticles for growth factor delivery that mimic the size, GAG composition, and growth factor binding and stabilization of aggrecan. 24459987 4 34 theme aggrecan 693:700 arg1 composition 633:643 GAG composition 629:643 GAG composition 629:643 Here we report the development of nanoparticles for growth factor delivery that mimic the size, GAG composition, and growth factor binding and stabilization of aggrecan. 24459987 4 34 theme aggrecan 693:700 arg1 stabilization 676:688 stabilization 676:688 stabilization of aggrecan 676:700 Here we report the development of nanoparticles for growth factor delivery that mimic the size, GAG composition, and growth factor binding and stabilization of aggrecan. 24459987 4 34 theme aggrecan 693:700 arg1 binding 664:670 growth factor binding 650:670 growth factor binding 650:670 Here we report the development of nanoparticles for growth factor delivery that mimic the size, GAG composition, and growth factor binding and stabilization of aggrecan. 24459987 2 35 theme glycosaminoglycan 239:255 arg1 chains 268:273 the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains 235:273 the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains of proteoglycans like aggrecan 235:304 In many tissues, the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains of proteoglycans like aggrecan stabilize growth factors in the pericellular and extracellular space, creating a local reservoir that can be accessed during a wound healing response. 24459987 7 36 theme delivery 1328:1335 arg1 vehicles 1337:1344 delivery vehicles 1328:1344 delivery vehicles for FGF-2 1328:1354 We evaluate FGF-2 activity by measuring both the proliferation and metabolic activity of bone marrow stromal cells to demonstrate that chondroitin sulfate-based aggrecan mimics are as effective as aggrecan, and heparin-based aggrecan mimics are superior to aggrecan as delivery vehicles for FGF-2. 24459987 7 37 theme marrow 1153:1158 arg1 cells 1168:1172 bone marrow stromal cells 1148:1172 bone marrow stromal cells 1148:1172 We evaluate FGF-2 activity by measuring both the proliferation and metabolic activity of bone marrow stromal cells to demonstrate that chondroitin sulfate-based aggrecan mimics are as effective as aggrecan, and heparin-based aggrecan mimics are superior to aggrecan as delivery vehicles for FGF-2. 24459987 5 38 theme physical 832:839 arg1 properties 856:865 their physical and biological properties 826:865 their physical and biological properties 826:865 The aggrecan-mimetic nanoparticles are easy to assemble, and their structure and composition can be readily tuned to alter their physical and biological properties. 24459987 2 39 theme extracellular 355:367 arg1 space 369:373 the pericellular and extracellular space 334:373 space 369:373 In many tissues, the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains of proteoglycans like aggrecan stabilize growth factors in the pericellular and extracellular space, creating a local reservoir that can be accessed during a wound healing response. 24459987 0 40 theme factor 72:77 arg1 stabilization 79:91 growth factor stabilization 65:91 growth factor stabilization 65:91 Aggrecan-mimetic, glycosaminoglycan-containing nanoparticles for growth factor stabilization and delivery. 24459987 6 41 theme growth 941:946 arg1 factor 948:953 a model heparin-binding growth factor 917:953 a model heparin-binding growth factor 917:953 We use basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) as a model heparin-binding growth factor, demonstrating that aggrecan-mimetic nanoparticles can preserve its activity for more than three weeks. 24459987 6 41 theme growth 941:946 arg1 factor 899:904 basic fibroblast growth factor 875:904 basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) 875:912 We use basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) as a model heparin-binding growth factor, demonstrating that aggrecan-mimetic nanoparticles can preserve its activity for more than three weeks. 24459987 6 42 theme heparin-binding 925:939 arg1 factor 948:953 a model heparin-binding growth factor 917:953 a model heparin-binding growth factor 917:953 We use basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) as a model heparin-binding growth factor, demonstrating that aggrecan-mimetic nanoparticles can preserve its activity for more than three weeks. 24459987 6 42 theme heparin-binding 925:939 arg1 factor 899:904 basic fibroblast growth factor 875:904 basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) 875:912 We use basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) as a model heparin-binding growth factor, demonstrating that aggrecan-mimetic nanoparticles can preserve its activity for more than three weeks. 24459987 2 43 theme many 221:224 arg1 tissues 226:232 many tissues 221:232 many tissues 221:232 In many tissues, the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains of proteoglycans like aggrecan stabilize growth factors in the pericellular and extracellular space, creating a local reservoir that can be accessed during a wound healing response. 24459987 2 44 theme pericellular 338:349 arg1 space 369:373 the pericellular and extracellular space 334:373 space 369:373 In many tissues, the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains of proteoglycans like aggrecan stabilize growth factors in the pericellular and extracellular space, creating a local reservoir that can be accessed during a wound healing response. 24459987 7 45 dep aggrecan 1284:1291 arg1 mimics 1293:1298 mimics 1293:1298 mimics 1293:1298 We evaluate FGF-2 activity by measuring both the proliferation and metabolic activity of bone marrow stromal cells to demonstrate that chondroitin sulfate-based aggrecan mimics are as effective as aggrecan, and heparin-based aggrecan mimics are superior to aggrecan as delivery vehicles for FGF-2. 24459987 2 46 theme side 263:266 arg1 chains 268:273 the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains 235:273 the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains of proteoglycans like aggrecan 235:304 In many tissues, the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains of proteoglycans like aggrecan stabilize growth factors in the pericellular and extracellular space, creating a local reservoir that can be accessed during a wound healing response. 24459987 3 47 theme factor-receptor 483:497 arg1 interactions 499:510 growth factor-receptor interactions 476:510 growth factor-receptor interactions 476:510 GAGs also regulate growth factor-receptor interactions at the cell surface. 24459987 1 48 theme tissue 157:162 arg1 healing 164:170 tissue healing 157:170 tissue healing 157:170 The direct delivery of growth factors to sites of tissue healing is complicated by their relative instability. 24459987 4 49 theme GAG 629:631 arg1 composition 633:643 GAG composition 629:643 GAG composition 629:643 Here we report the development of nanoparticles for growth factor delivery that mimic the size, GAG composition, and growth factor binding and stabilization of aggrecan. 24459987 7 50 dep proliferation 1108:1120 arg1 the 1104:1106 the 1104:1106 the 1104:1106 We evaluate FGF-2 activity by measuring both the proliferation and metabolic activity of bone marrow stromal cells to demonstrate that chondroitin sulfate-based aggrecan mimics are as effective as aggrecan, and heparin-based aggrecan mimics are superior to aggrecan as delivery vehicles for FGF-2. 24459987 6 51 theme model 919:923 arg1 factor 948:953 a model heparin-binding growth factor 917:953 a model heparin-binding growth factor 917:953 We use basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) as a model heparin-binding growth factor, demonstrating that aggrecan-mimetic nanoparticles can preserve its activity for more than three weeks. 24459987 6 51 theme model 919:923 arg1 factor 899:904 basic fibroblast growth factor 875:904 basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) 875:912 We use basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) as a model heparin-binding growth factor, demonstrating that aggrecan-mimetic nanoparticles can preserve its activity for more than three weeks. 24459987 0 52 dep Aggrecan-mimetic 0:15 arg1 glycosaminoglycan-containing 18:45 glycosaminoglycan-containing 18:45 glycosaminoglycan-containing 18:45 Aggrecan-mimetic, glycosaminoglycan-containing nanoparticles for growth factor stabilization and delivery. 24459987 1 53 theme healing 164:170 arg1 sites 148:152 sites 148:152 sites of tissue healing 148:170 The direct delivery of growth factors to sites of tissue healing is complicated by their relative instability. 24459987 1 53 theme healing 164:170 arg1 healing 164:170 tissue healing 157:170 tissue healing 157:170 The direct delivery of growth factors to sites of tissue healing is complicated by their relative instability. 25492172 1 0 theme cellulose 150:158 arg1 gels 165:168 polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) and bacterial cellulose (BC) gels 97:168 polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) and bacterial cellulose (BC) gels swollen in polyethylene glycol (PEG) 97:205 A composite structure was formed between polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) and bacterial cellulose (BC) gels swollen in polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a solvent (BC/PEG gel) to improve the mechanical strength of the gels. 25492172 3 1 from percent 484:490 arg1 gel 521:523 the gel 517:523 the gel 517:523 The compression test results indicated that the mechanical strength of the gels depended on the weight percent of cross-linked PEGDA in the gel, the chain length between the cross-linking points, and the cross-linking density of PEGDA polymers. 25492172 6 2 theme BC/PEG-PEGDA 958:969 arg1 gels 971:974 BC/PEG-PEGDA gels 958:974 BC/PEG-PEGDA gels 958:974 BC/PEG-PEGDA gels, which are expected to be biocompatible, may be useful for clinical applications as a soft material. 25492172 5 3 theme analysis 843:850 arg1 results 784:790 The results 780:790 The results of transmittance measurements and thermomechanical analysis 780:850 The results of transmittance measurements and thermomechanical analysis showed that the rheostatic properties of the gels were retained even after composite structure formation. 25492172 4 4 theme PEGDA 630:634 arg1 polymers 636:643 The PEGDA polymers 626:643 The PEGDA polymers around the cellulose fibers 626:671 The PEGDA polymers around the cellulose fibers were resistant to pressure; thus, the BC/PEG-PEGDA gel was stronger than the BC/PEG gel under compression. 25492172 4 4 theme PEGDA 630:634 arg1 resistant 678:686 resistant 678:686 resistant 678:686 The PEGDA polymers around the cellulose fibers were resistant to pressure; thus, the BC/PEG-PEGDA gel was stronger than the BC/PEG gel under compression. 25492172 6 5 theme clinical 1035:1042 arg1 applications 1044:1055 clinical applications 1035:1055 clinical applications as a soft material 1035:1074 BC/PEG-PEGDA gels, which are expected to be biocompatible, may be useful for clinical applications as a soft material. 25492172 5 6 theme thermomechanical 826:841 arg1 analysis 843:850 thermomechanical analysis 826:850 thermomechanical analysis 826:850 The results of transmittance measurements and thermomechanical analysis showed that the rheostatic properties of the gels were retained even after composite structure formation. 25492172 3 7 theme cross-linked 495:506 arg1 PEGDA 508:512 cross-linked PEGDA 495:512 cross-linked PEGDA in the gel 495:523 The compression test results indicated that the mechanical strength of the gels depended on the weight percent of cross-linked PEGDA in the gel, the chain length between the cross-linking points, and the cross-linking density of PEGDA polymers. 25492172 1 8 theme composite 58:66 arg1 structure 68:76 A composite structure 56:76 A composite structure 56:76 A composite structure was formed between polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) and bacterial cellulose (BC) gels swollen in polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a solvent (BC/PEG gel) to improve the mechanical strength of the gels. 25492172 1 8 theme composite 58:66 arg1 solvent 212:218 a solvent 210:218 a solvent (BC/PEG gel) to improve the mechanical strength of the gels 210:278 A composite structure was formed between polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) and bacterial cellulose (BC) gels swollen in polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a solvent (BC/PEG gel) to improve the mechanical strength of the gels. 25492172 1 9 theme diacrylate 117:126 arg1 gels 165:168 polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) and bacterial cellulose (BC) gels 97:168 polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) and bacterial cellulose (BC) gels swollen in polyethylene glycol (PEG) 97:205 A composite structure was formed between polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) and bacterial cellulose (BC) gels swollen in polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a solvent (BC/PEG gel) to improve the mechanical strength of the gels. 25492172 3 10 theme weight 477:482 arg1 percent 484:490 the weight percent 473:490 the weight percent of cross-linked PEGDA in the gel 473:523 The compression test results indicated that the mechanical strength of the gels depended on the weight percent of cross-linked PEGDA in the gel, the chain length between the cross-linking points, and the cross-linking density of PEGDA polymers. 25492172 5 11 theme transmittance 795:807 arg1 measurements 809:820 transmittance measurements 795:820 transmittance measurements 795:820 The results of transmittance measurements and thermomechanical analysis showed that the rheostatic properties of the gels were retained even after composite structure formation. 25492172 3 12 theme compression 385:395 arg1 results 402:408 The compression test results 381:408 The compression test results 381:408 The compression test results indicated that the mechanical strength of the gels depended on the weight percent of cross-linked PEGDA in the gel, the chain length between the cross-linking points, and the cross-linking density of PEGDA polymers. 25492172 3 13 link cross-linked 495:506 arg1 PEGDA 508:512 cross-linked PEGDA 495:512 cross-linked PEGDA in the gel 495:523 The compression test results indicated that the mechanical strength of the gels depended on the weight percent of cross-linked PEGDA in the gel, the chain length between the cross-linking points, and the cross-linking density of PEGDA polymers. 25492172 6 14 theme soft 1062:1065 arg1 material 1067:1074 a soft material 1060:1074 a soft material 1060:1074 BC/PEG-PEGDA gels, which are expected to be biocompatible, may be useful for clinical applications as a soft material. 25492172 5 15 theme composite 927:935 arg1 formation 947:955 composite structure formation 927:955 composite structure formation 927:955 The results of transmittance measurements and thermomechanical analysis showed that the rheostatic properties of the gels were retained even after composite structure formation. 25492172 3 16 theme test 397:400 arg1 results 402:408 The compression test results 381:408 The compression test results 381:408 The compression test results indicated that the mechanical strength of the gels depended on the weight percent of cross-linked PEGDA in the gel, the chain length between the cross-linking points, and the cross-linking density of PEGDA polymers. 25492172 0 17 theme cellulose 10:18 arg1 gels 20:23 Bacterial cellulose gels 0:23 Bacterial cellulose gels with high mechanical strength 0:53 Bacterial cellulose gels with high mechanical strength. 25492172 2 18 theme rheostatic 331:340 arg1 properties 342:351 the rheostatic properties 327:351 the rheostatic properties of the gels 327:363 The mechanical strength under compression and the rheostatic properties of the gels were evaluated. 25492172 0 19 theme Bacterial 0:8 arg1 gels 20:23 Bacterial cellulose gels 0:23 Bacterial cellulose gels with high mechanical strength 0:53 Bacterial cellulose gels with high mechanical strength. 25492172 5 20 theme measurements 809:820 arg1 results 784:790 The results 780:790 The results of transmittance measurements and thermomechanical analysis 780:850 The results of transmittance measurements and thermomechanical analysis showed that the rheostatic properties of the gels were retained even after composite structure formation. 25492172 1 21 theme polyethylene 97:108 arg1 glycol 110:115 polyethylene glycol 97:115 polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) 97:134 A composite structure was formed between polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) and bacterial cellulose (BC) gels swollen in polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a solvent (BC/PEG gel) to improve the mechanical strength of the gels. 25492172 1 22 theme glycol 110:115 arg1 PEGDA 129:133 PEGDA 129:133 PEGDA 129:133 A composite structure was formed between polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) and bacterial cellulose (BC) gels swollen in polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a solvent (BC/PEG gel) to improve the mechanical strength of the gels. 25492172 1 22 theme glycol 110:115 arg1 diacrylate 117:126 polyethylene glycol diacrylate 97:126 polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) 97:134 A composite structure was formed between polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) and bacterial cellulose (BC) gels swollen in polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a solvent (BC/PEG gel) to improve the mechanical strength of the gels. 25492172 1 23 theme polyethylene 181:192 arg1 PEG 202:204 PEG 202:204 PEG 202:204 A composite structure was formed between polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) and bacterial cellulose (BC) gels swollen in polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a solvent (BC/PEG gel) to improve the mechanical strength of the gels. 25492172 1 23 theme polyethylene 181:192 arg1 glycol 194:199 polyethylene glycol 181:199 polyethylene glycol (PEG) 181:205 A composite structure was formed between polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) and bacterial cellulose (BC) gels swollen in polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a solvent (BC/PEG gel) to improve the mechanical strength of the gels. 25492172 0 24 theme mechanical 35:44 arg1 strength 46:53 high mechanical strength 30:53 high mechanical strength 30:53 Bacterial cellulose gels with high mechanical strength. 25492172 3 25 theme cross-linking 585:597 arg1 density 599:605 the cross-linking density 581:605 the cross-linking density of PEGDA polymers 581:623 The compression test results indicated that the mechanical strength of the gels depended on the weight percent of cross-linked PEGDA in the gel, the chain length between the cross-linking points, and the cross-linking density of PEGDA polymers. 25492172 3 26 theme chain 530:534 arg1 length 536:541 the chain length 526:541 the chain length between the cross-linking points 526:574 The compression test results indicated that the mechanical strength of the gels depended on the weight percent of cross-linked PEGDA in the gel, the chain length between the cross-linking points, and the cross-linking density of PEGDA polymers. 25492172 3 27 from length 536:541 arg1 gel 521:523 the gel 517:523 the gel 517:523 The compression test results indicated that the mechanical strength of the gels depended on the weight percent of cross-linked PEGDA in the gel, the chain length between the cross-linking points, and the cross-linking density of PEGDA polymers. 25492172 2 28 theme gels 360:363 arg1 properties 342:351 the rheostatic properties 327:351 the rheostatic properties of the gels 327:363 The mechanical strength under compression and the rheostatic properties of the gels were evaluated. 25492172 2 28 theme gels 360:363 arg1 strength 296:303 The mechanical strength 281:303 The mechanical strength under compression 281:321 The mechanical strength under compression and the rheostatic properties of the gels were evaluated. 25492172 0 29 theme high 30:33 arg1 strength 46:53 high mechanical strength 30:53 high mechanical strength 30:53 Bacterial cellulose gels with high mechanical strength. 25492172 1 30 theme mechanical 248:257 arg1 strength 259:266 the mechanical strength 244:266 the mechanical strength of the gels 244:278 A composite structure was formed between polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) and bacterial cellulose (BC) gels swollen in polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a solvent (BC/PEG gel) to improve the mechanical strength of the gels. 25492172 3 31 theme gels 456:459 arg1 strength 440:447 the mechanical strength 425:447 the mechanical strength of the gels 425:459 The compression test results indicated that the mechanical strength of the gels depended on the weight percent of cross-linked PEGDA in the gel, the chain length between the cross-linking points, and the cross-linking density of PEGDA polymers. 25492172 0 32 with gels 20:23 arg1 strength 46:53 high mechanical strength 30:53 high mechanical strength 30:53 Bacterial cellulose gels with high mechanical strength. 25492172 2 33 theme mechanical 285:294 arg1 strength 296:303 The mechanical strength 281:303 The mechanical strength under compression 281:321 The mechanical strength under compression and the rheostatic properties of the gels were evaluated. 25492172 5 34 theme gels 897:900 arg1 properties 879:888 the rheostatic properties 864:888 the rheostatic properties of the gels 864:900 The results of transmittance measurements and thermomechanical analysis showed that the rheostatic properties of the gels were retained even after composite structure formation. 25492172 3 35 theme PEGDA 610:614 arg1 polymers 616:623 PEGDA polymers 610:623 PEGDA polymers 610:623 The compression test results indicated that the mechanical strength of the gels depended on the weight percent of cross-linked PEGDA in the gel, the chain length between the cross-linking points, and the cross-linking density of PEGDA polymers. 25492172 4 36 theme BC/PEG 750:755 arg1 gel 757:759 the BC/PEG gel 746:759 the BC/PEG gel 746:759 The PEGDA polymers around the cellulose fibers were resistant to pressure; thus, the BC/PEG-PEGDA gel was stronger than the BC/PEG gel under compression. 25492172 3 37 from PEGDA 508:512 arg1 gel 521:523 the gel 517:523 the gel 517:523 The compression test results indicated that the mechanical strength of the gels depended on the weight percent of cross-linked PEGDA in the gel, the chain length between the cross-linking points, and the cross-linking density of PEGDA polymers. 25492172 3 38 theme polymers 616:623 arg1 length 536:541 the chain length 526:541 the chain length between the cross-linking points 526:574 The compression test results indicated that the mechanical strength of the gels depended on the weight percent of cross-linked PEGDA in the gel, the chain length between the cross-linking points, and the cross-linking density of PEGDA polymers. 25492172 3 38 theme polymers 616:623 arg1 percent 484:490 the weight percent 473:490 the weight percent of cross-linked PEGDA in the gel 473:523 The compression test results indicated that the mechanical strength of the gels depended on the weight percent of cross-linked PEGDA in the gel, the chain length between the cross-linking points, and the cross-linking density of PEGDA polymers. 25492172 3 38 theme polymers 616:623 arg1 density 599:605 the cross-linking density 581:605 the cross-linking density of PEGDA polymers 581:623 The compression test results indicated that the mechanical strength of the gels depended on the weight percent of cross-linked PEGDA in the gel, the chain length between the cross-linking points, and the cross-linking density of PEGDA polymers. 25492172 3 39 theme cross-linking 555:567 arg1 points 569:574 the cross-linking points 551:574 the cross-linking points 551:574 The compression test results indicated that the mechanical strength of the gels depended on the weight percent of cross-linked PEGDA in the gel, the chain length between the cross-linking points, and the cross-linking density of PEGDA polymers. 25492172 3 40 theme mechanical 429:438 arg1 strength 440:447 the mechanical strength 425:447 the mechanical strength of the gels 425:459 The compression test results indicated that the mechanical strength of the gels depended on the weight percent of cross-linked PEGDA in the gel, the chain length between the cross-linking points, and the cross-linking density of PEGDA polymers. 25492172 3 41 theme PEGDA 508:512 arg1 length 536:541 the chain length 526:541 the chain length between the cross-linking points 526:574 The compression test results indicated that the mechanical strength of the gels depended on the weight percent of cross-linked PEGDA in the gel, the chain length between the cross-linking points, and the cross-linking density of PEGDA polymers. 25492172 3 41 theme PEGDA 508:512 arg1 percent 484:490 the weight percent 473:490 the weight percent of cross-linked PEGDA in the gel 473:523 The compression test results indicated that the mechanical strength of the gels depended on the weight percent of cross-linked PEGDA in the gel, the chain length between the cross-linking points, and the cross-linking density of PEGDA polymers. 25492172 3 41 theme PEGDA 508:512 arg1 density 599:605 the cross-linking density 581:605 the cross-linking density of PEGDA polymers 581:623 The compression test results indicated that the mechanical strength of the gels depended on the weight percent of cross-linked PEGDA in the gel, the chain length between the cross-linking points, and the cross-linking density of PEGDA polymers. 25492172 4 42 theme BC/PEG-PEGDA 711:722 arg1 stronger 732:739 stronger 732:739 stronger 732:739 The PEGDA polymers around the cellulose fibers were resistant to pressure; thus, the BC/PEG-PEGDA gel was stronger than the BC/PEG gel under compression. 25492172 4 42 theme BC/PEG-PEGDA 711:722 arg1 gel 724:726 the BC/PEG-PEGDA gel 707:726 the BC/PEG-PEGDA gel 707:726 The PEGDA polymers around the cellulose fibers were resistant to pressure; thus, the BC/PEG-PEGDA gel was stronger than the BC/PEG gel under compression. 25492172 4 43 theme cellulose 656:664 arg1 fibers 666:671 the cellulose fibers 652:671 the cellulose fibers 652:671 The PEGDA polymers around the cellulose fibers were resistant to pressure; thus, the BC/PEG-PEGDA gel was stronger than the BC/PEG gel under compression. 25492172 5 44 theme rheostatic 868:877 arg1 properties 879:888 the rheostatic properties 864:888 the rheostatic properties of the gels 864:900 The results of transmittance measurements and thermomechanical analysis showed that the rheostatic properties of the gels were retained even after composite structure formation. 25492172 3 45 from density 599:605 arg1 gel 521:523 the gel 517:523 the gel 517:523 The compression test results indicated that the mechanical strength of the gels depended on the weight percent of cross-linked PEGDA in the gel, the chain length between the cross-linking points, and the cross-linking density of PEGDA polymers. 25492172 3 46 from gel 521:523 arg1 length 536:541 the chain length 526:541 the chain length between the cross-linking points 526:574 The compression test results indicated that the mechanical strength of the gels depended on the weight percent of cross-linked PEGDA in the gel, the chain length between the cross-linking points, and the cross-linking density of PEGDA polymers. 25492172 3 46 from gel 521:523 arg1 percent 484:490 the weight percent 473:490 the weight percent of cross-linked PEGDA in the gel 473:523 The compression test results indicated that the mechanical strength of the gels depended on the weight percent of cross-linked PEGDA in the gel, the chain length between the cross-linking points, and the cross-linking density of PEGDA polymers. 25492172 3 46 from gel 521:523 arg1 density 599:605 the cross-linking density 581:605 the cross-linking density of PEGDA polymers 581:623 The compression test results indicated that the mechanical strength of the gels depended on the weight percent of cross-linked PEGDA in the gel, the chain length between the cross-linking points, and the cross-linking density of PEGDA polymers. 25492172 5 47 theme structure 937:945 arg1 formation 947:955 composite structure formation 927:955 composite structure formation 927:955 The results of transmittance measurements and thermomechanical analysis showed that the rheostatic properties of the gels were retained even after composite structure formation. 25492172 1 48 theme gels 275:278 arg1 strength 259:266 the mechanical strength 244:266 the mechanical strength of the gels 244:278 A composite structure was formed between polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) and bacterial cellulose (BC) gels swollen in polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a solvent (BC/PEG gel) to improve the mechanical strength of the gels. 25492172 1 49 theme bacterial 140:148 arg1 BC 161:162 BC 161:162 BC 161:162 A composite structure was formed between polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) and bacterial cellulose (BC) gels swollen in polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a solvent (BC/PEG gel) to improve the mechanical strength of the gels. 25492172 1 49 theme bacterial 140:148 arg1 cellulose 150:158 bacterial cellulose 140:158 bacterial cellulose (BC) 140:163 A composite structure was formed between polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) and bacterial cellulose (BC) gels swollen in polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a solvent (BC/PEG gel) to improve the mechanical strength of the gels. 28958174 9 0 theme protein-fed 889:899 arg1 rats 901:904 soy protein-fed rats 885:904 soy protein-fed rats 885:904 populations by RAF was seen only for soy protein-fed rats, whereas the reduction of C. perfringens group by RAF was evident in fish and meat protein-fed rats. 28958174 9 1 from evident 964:970 arg1 meat 984:987 meat 984:987 meat 984:987 populations by RAF was seen only for soy protein-fed rats, whereas the reduction of C. perfringens group by RAF was evident in fish and meat protein-fed rats. 28958174 9 1 from evident 964:970 arg1 fish 975:978 fish 975:978 fish 975:978 populations by RAF was seen only for soy protein-fed rats, whereas the reduction of C. perfringens group by RAF was evident in fish and meat protein-fed rats. 28958174 5 2 theme Bifidobacterium 580:594 arg1 spp 596:598 Bifidobacterium spp 580:598 Bifidobacterium spp 580:598 RAF feeding increased Bifidobacterium spp. 28958174 6 3 theme protein 682:688 arg1 source 690:695 the dietary protein source 670:695 the dietary protein source 670:695 and decreased Faecalibacterium prausnitzii populations regardless of the dietary protein source. 28958174 1 4 theme fish 182:185 arg1 proteins 187:194 Soy, meat (mixture of pork and beef), and fish proteins 140:194 Soy, meat (mixture of pork and beef), and fish proteins 140:194 Soy, meat (mixture of pork and beef), and fish proteins were fed to rats with and without prebiotic raffinose (RAF), and the composition and fermentation of gut microbiota were examined. 28958174 3 5 theme protein-fed 423:433 arg1 soy 419:421 soy protein-fed 419:433 soy protein-fed 419:433 populations were higher, and propionic acid concentration was lower in soy protein-fed than meat protein-fed rats. 28958174 8 6 theme Lactobacillus 829:841 arg1 spp 843:845 Lactobacillus spp 829:845 Lactobacillus spp 829:845 and Clostridium perfringens group; the increase of Lactobacillus spp. 28958174 0 7 from rats 134:137 arg1 fermentation 100:111 fermentation 100:111 fermentation of gut microbiota in rats 100:137 Dietary soy, meat, and fish proteins modulate the effects of prebiotic raffinose on composition and fermentation of gut microbiota in rats. 28958174 0 7 from rats 134:137 arg1 composition 84:94 composition 84:94 composition 84:94 Dietary soy, meat, and fish proteins modulate the effects of prebiotic raffinose on composition and fermentation of gut microbiota in rats. 28958174 0 8 theme raffinose 71:79 arg1 effects 50:56 the effects 46:56 the effects of prebiotic raffinose on composition and fermentation of gut microbiota in rats 46:137 Dietary soy, meat, and fish proteins modulate the effects of prebiotic raffinose on composition and fermentation of gut microbiota in rats. 28958174 8 9 dep Clostridium 782:792 arg1 perfringens 794:804 perfringens 794:804 perfringens 794:804 and Clostridium perfringens group; the increase of Lactobacillus spp. 28958174 4 10 theme protein-fed 524:534 arg1 rats 536:539 fish protein-fed rats 519:539 fish protein-fed rats 519:539 Likewise, Enterobacteriaceae populations were higher in fish protein-fed rats than other rats. 28958174 0 11 theme prebiotic 61:69 arg1 raffinose 71:79 prebiotic raffinose 61:79 prebiotic raffinose 61:79 Dietary soy, meat, and fish proteins modulate the effects of prebiotic raffinose on composition and fermentation of gut microbiota in rats. 28958174 9 12 dep C. 932:933 arg1 perfringens 935:945 perfringens 935:945 perfringens 935:945 populations by RAF was seen only for soy protein-fed rats, whereas the reduction of C. perfringens group by RAF was evident in fish and meat protein-fed rats. 28958174 6 13 theme dietary 674:680 arg1 source 690:695 the dietary protein source 670:695 the dietary protein source 670:695 and decreased Faecalibacterium prausnitzii populations regardless of the dietary protein source. 28958174 0 14 from microbiota 120:129 arg1 rats 134:137 rats 134:137 rats 134:137 Dietary soy, meat, and fish proteins modulate the effects of prebiotic raffinose on composition and fermentation of gut microbiota in rats. 28958174 9 15 dep fish 975:978 arg1 rats 1001:1004 protein-fed rats 989:1004 protein-fed rats 989:1004 populations by RAF was seen only for soy protein-fed rats, whereas the reduction of C. perfringens group by RAF was evident in fish and meat protein-fed rats. 28958174 3 16 theme protein-fed 445:455 arg1 rats 457:460 meat protein-fed rats 440:460 meat protein-fed rats 440:460 populations were higher, and propionic acid concentration was lower in soy protein-fed than meat protein-fed rats. 28958174 8 17 theme spp 843:845 arg1 increase 817:824 the increase 813:824 and Clostridium perfringens group; the increase of Lactobacillus spp. 778:846 and Clostridium perfringens group; the increase of Lactobacillus spp. 28958174 1 18 theme Soy 140:142 arg1 proteins 187:194 Soy, meat (mixture of pork and beef), and fish proteins 140:194 Soy, meat (mixture of pork and beef), and fish proteins 140:194 Soy, meat (mixture of pork and beef), and fish proteins were fed to rats with and without prebiotic raffinose (RAF), and the composition and fermentation of gut microbiota were examined. 28958174 4 19 theme fish 519:522 arg1 rats 536:539 fish protein-fed rats 519:539 fish protein-fed rats 519:539 Likewise, Enterobacteriaceae populations were higher in fish protein-fed rats than other rats. 28958174 5 20 theme RAF 558:560 arg1 feeding 562:568 RAF feeding 558:568 RAF feeding 558:568 RAF feeding increased Bifidobacterium spp. 28958174 9 21 theme C. 932:933 arg1 group 947:951 C. perfringens group 932:951 C. perfringens group 932:951 populations by RAF was seen only for soy protein-fed rats, whereas the reduction of C. perfringens group by RAF was evident in fish and meat protein-fed rats. 28958174 0 22 theme soy 8:10 arg1 proteins 28:35 Dietary soy, meat, and fish proteins 0:35 Dietary soy, meat, and fish proteins 0:35 Dietary soy, meat, and fish proteins modulate the effects of prebiotic raffinose on composition and fermentation of gut microbiota in rats. 28958174 10 23 theme prebiotic 1088:1096 arg1 oligosaccharides 1098:1113 prebiotic oligosaccharides 1088:1113 prebiotic oligosaccharides 1088:1113 It is concluded that dietary proteins may differentially modulate the effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides on gut fermentation and microbiota, with differences observed between plant and animal proteins. 28958174 1 24 theme meat 145:148 arg1 proteins 187:194 Soy, meat (mixture of pork and beef), and fish proteins 140:194 Soy, meat (mixture of pork and beef), and fish proteins 140:194 Soy, meat (mixture of pork and beef), and fish proteins were fed to rats with and without prebiotic raffinose (RAF), and the composition and fermentation of gut microbiota were examined. 28958174 0 25 theme Dietary 0:6 arg1 soy 8:10 Dietary soy 0:10 Dietary soy 0:10 Dietary soy, meat, and fish proteins modulate the effects of prebiotic raffinose on composition and fermentation of gut microbiota in rats. 28958174 4 26 theme Enterobacteriaceae 473:490 arg1 populations 492:502 Enterobacteriaceae populations 473:502 Enterobacteriaceae populations 473:502 Likewise, Enterobacteriaceae populations were higher in fish protein-fed rats than other rats. 28958174 9 27 from meat 984:987 arg1 reduction 919:927 the reduction 915:927 the reduction of C. perfringens group by RAF 915:958 populations by RAF was seen only for soy protein-fed rats, whereas the reduction of C. perfringens group by RAF was evident in fish and meat protein-fed rats. 28958174 9 27 from meat 984:987 arg1 evident 964:970 evident 964:970 evident 964:970 populations by RAF was seen only for soy protein-fed rats, whereas the reduction of C. perfringens group by RAF was evident in fish and meat protein-fed rats. 28958174 1 28 theme gut 297:299 arg1 microbiota 301:310 gut microbiota 297:310 gut microbiota 297:310 Soy, meat (mixture of pork and beef), and fish proteins were fed to rats with and without prebiotic raffinose (RAF), and the composition and fermentation of gut microbiota were examined. 28958174 0 29 theme meat 13:16 arg1 proteins 28:35 Dietary soy, meat, and fish proteins 0:35 Dietary soy, meat, and fish proteins 0:35 Dietary soy, meat, and fish proteins modulate the effects of prebiotic raffinose on composition and fermentation of gut microbiota in rats. 28958174 10 30 theme gut 1118:1120 arg1 fermentation 1122:1133 gut fermentation 1118:1133 gut fermentation 1118:1133 It is concluded that dietary proteins may differentially modulate the effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides on gut fermentation and microbiota, with differences observed between plant and animal proteins. 28958174 6 31 theme prausnitzii 632:642 arg1 populations 644:654 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii populations 615:654 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii populations 615:654 and decreased Faecalibacterium prausnitzii populations regardless of the dietary protein source. 28958174 3 32 theme propionic 377:385 arg1 acid 387:390 propionic acid 377:390 propionic acid concentration 377:404 populations were higher, and propionic acid concentration was lower in soy protein-fed than meat protein-fed rats. 28958174 9 33 theme group 947:951 arg1 evident 964:970 evident 964:970 evident 964:970 populations by RAF was seen only for soy protein-fed rats, whereas the reduction of C. perfringens group by RAF was evident in fish and meat protein-fed rats. 28958174 9 33 theme group 947:951 arg1 reduction 919:927 the reduction 915:927 the reduction of C. perfringens group by RAF 915:958 populations by RAF was seen only for soy protein-fed rats, whereas the reduction of C. perfringens group by RAF was evident in fish and meat protein-fed rats. 28958174 7 34 theme Lactobacillus 759:771 arg1 spp 773:775 Lactobacillus spp 759:775 Lactobacillus spp 759:775 Interactions between dietary proteins and RAF were shown for Lactobacillus spp. 28958174 9 35 from fish 975:978 arg1 reduction 919:927 the reduction 915:927 the reduction of C. perfringens group by RAF 915:958 populations by RAF was seen only for soy protein-fed rats, whereas the reduction of C. perfringens group by RAF was evident in fish and meat protein-fed rats. 28958174 9 35 from fish 975:978 arg1 evident 964:970 evident 964:970 evident 964:970 populations by RAF was seen only for soy protein-fed rats, whereas the reduction of C. perfringens group by RAF was evident in fish and meat protein-fed rats. 28958174 6 36 theme Faecalibacterium 615:630 arg1 populations 644:654 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii populations 615:654 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii populations 615:654 and decreased Faecalibacterium prausnitzii populations regardless of the dietary protein source. 28958174 3 37 theme acid 387:390 arg1 concentration 392:404 propionic acid concentration 377:404 propionic acid concentration 377:404 populations were higher, and propionic acid concentration was lower in soy protein-fed than meat protein-fed rats. 28958174 0 38 theme gut 116:118 arg1 microbiota 120:129 gut microbiota 116:129 gut microbiota in rats 116:137 Dietary soy, meat, and fish proteins modulate the effects of prebiotic raffinose on composition and fermentation of gut microbiota in rats. 28958174 0 39 from effects 50:56 arg1 fermentation 100:111 fermentation 100:111 fermentation of gut microbiota in rats 100:137 Dietary soy, meat, and fish proteins modulate the effects of prebiotic raffinose on composition and fermentation of gut microbiota in rats. 28958174 0 39 from effects 50:56 arg1 composition 84:94 composition 84:94 composition 84:94 Dietary soy, meat, and fish proteins modulate the effects of prebiotic raffinose on composition and fermentation of gut microbiota in rats. 28958174 1 40 dep meat 145:148 arg1 mixture 151:157 mixture 151:157 mixture of pork and beef 151:174 Soy, meat (mixture of pork and beef), and fish proteins were fed to rats with and without prebiotic raffinose (RAF), and the composition and fermentation of gut microbiota were examined. 28958174 1 41 theme pork 162:165 arg1 mixture 151:157 mixture 151:157 mixture of pork and beef 151:174 Soy, meat (mixture of pork and beef), and fish proteins were fed to rats with and without prebiotic raffinose (RAF), and the composition and fermentation of gut microbiota were examined. 28958174 1 42 theme microbiota 301:310 arg1 composition 265:275 composition 265:275 composition 265:275 Soy, meat (mixture of pork and beef), and fish proteins were fed to rats with and without prebiotic raffinose (RAF), and the composition and fermentation of gut microbiota were examined. 28958174 1 42 theme microbiota 301:310 arg1 fermentation 281:292 fermentation 281:292 fermentation 281:292 Soy, meat (mixture of pork and beef), and fish proteins were fed to rats with and without prebiotic raffinose (RAF), and the composition and fermentation of gut microbiota were examined. 28958174 10 43 theme oligosaccharides 1098:1113 arg1 effects 1077:1083 the effects 1073:1083 the effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides on gut fermentation and microbiota 1073:1148 It is concluded that dietary proteins may differentially modulate the effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides on gut fermentation and microbiota, with differences observed between plant and animal proteins. 28958174 1 44 theme prebiotic 230:238 arg1 RAF 251:253 RAF 251:253 RAF 251:253 Soy, meat (mixture of pork and beef), and fish proteins were fed to rats with and without prebiotic raffinose (RAF), and the composition and fermentation of gut microbiota were examined. 28958174 1 44 theme prebiotic 230:238 arg1 raffinose 240:248 prebiotic raffinose 230:248 prebiotic raffinose (RAF) 230:254 Soy, meat (mixture of pork and beef), and fish proteins were fed to rats with and without prebiotic raffinose (RAF), and the composition and fermentation of gut microbiota were examined. 28958174 10 45 from effects 1077:1083 arg1 microbiota 1139:1148 microbiota 1139:1148 microbiota 1139:1148 It is concluded that dietary proteins may differentially modulate the effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides on gut fermentation and microbiota, with differences observed between plant and animal proteins. 28958174 10 45 from effects 1077:1083 arg1 fermentation 1122:1133 gut fermentation 1118:1133 gut fermentation 1118:1133 It is concluded that dietary proteins may differentially modulate the effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides on gut fermentation and microbiota, with differences observed between plant and animal proteins. 28958174 0 46 theme fish 23:26 arg1 proteins 28:35 Dietary soy, meat, and fish proteins 0:35 Dietary soy, meat, and fish proteins 0:35 Dietary soy, meat, and fish proteins modulate the effects of prebiotic raffinose on composition and fermentation of gut microbiota in rats. 28958174 0 47 theme microbiota 120:129 arg1 fermentation 100:111 fermentation 100:111 fermentation of gut microbiota in rats 100:137 Dietary soy, meat, and fish proteins modulate the effects of prebiotic raffinose on composition and fermentation of gut microbiota in rats. 28958174 0 47 theme microbiota 120:129 arg1 composition 84:94 composition 84:94 composition 84:94 Dietary soy, meat, and fish proteins modulate the effects of prebiotic raffinose on composition and fermentation of gut microbiota in rats. 28958174 0 48 from composition 84:94 arg1 rats 134:137 rats 134:137 rats 134:137 Dietary soy, meat, and fish proteins modulate the effects of prebiotic raffinose on composition and fermentation of gut microbiota in rats. 28958174 10 49 dep plant 1185:1189 arg1 proteins 1202:1209 proteins 1202:1209 proteins 1202:1209 It is concluded that dietary proteins may differentially modulate the effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides on gut fermentation and microbiota, with differences observed between plant and animal proteins. 28958174 1 50 dep composition 265:275 arg1 the 261:263 the 261:263 the 261:263 Soy, meat (mixture of pork and beef), and fish proteins were fed to rats with and without prebiotic raffinose (RAF), and the composition and fermentation of gut microbiota were examined. 28958174 1 51 theme beef 171:174 arg1 mixture 151:157 mixture 151:157 mixture of pork and beef 151:174 Soy, meat (mixture of pork and beef), and fish proteins were fed to rats with and without prebiotic raffinose (RAF), and the composition and fermentation of gut microbiota were examined. 28958174 8 52 dep group 806:810 arg1 increase 817:824 the increase 813:824 and Clostridium perfringens group; the increase of Lactobacillus spp. 778:846 and Clostridium perfringens group; the increase of Lactobacillus spp. 28958174 8 52 dep group 806:810 arg1 Clostridium 782:792 Clostridium 782:792 Clostridium 782:792 and Clostridium perfringens group; the increase of Lactobacillus spp. 28958174 0 53 from fermentation 100:111 arg1 rats 134:137 rats 134:137 rats 134:137 Dietary soy, meat, and fish proteins modulate the effects of prebiotic raffinose on composition and fermentation of gut microbiota in rats. 28958174 9 54 theme soy 885:887 arg1 rats 901:904 soy protein-fed rats 885:904 soy protein-fed rats 885:904 populations by RAF was seen only for soy protein-fed rats, whereas the reduction of C. perfringens group by RAF was evident in fish and meat protein-fed rats. 28958174 10 55 theme dietary 1028:1034 arg1 proteins 1036:1043 dietary proteins 1028:1043 dietary proteins 1028:1043 It is concluded that dietary proteins may differentially modulate the effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides on gut fermentation and microbiota, with differences observed between plant and animal proteins. 28958174 7 56 theme dietary 719:725 arg1 proteins 727:734 dietary proteins 719:734 dietary proteins 719:734 Interactions between dietary proteins and RAF were shown for Lactobacillus spp. 28958174 3 57 theme meat 440:443 arg1 rats 457:460 meat protein-fed rats 440:460 meat protein-fed rats 440:460 populations were higher, and propionic acid concentration was lower in soy protein-fed than meat protein-fed rats. 28958174 9 58 theme protein-fed 989:999 arg1 rats 1001:1004 protein-fed rats 989:1004 protein-fed rats 989:1004 populations by RAF was seen only for soy protein-fed rats, whereas the reduction of C. perfringens group by RAF was evident in fish and meat protein-fed rats. 28958174 4 59 theme other 546:550 arg1 rats 552:555 other rats 546:555 other rats 546:555 Likewise, Enterobacteriaceae populations were higher in fish protein-fed rats than other rats. 24946586 2 0 theme membrane 521:528 arg1 surfaces 530:537 hydrophobic membrane surfaces 509:537 hydrophobic membrane surfaces 509:537 Results showed that for hydrophilic membrane surfaces, van der Waals interactions facilitated fouling, whereas acid-base interactions alleviated fouling; for hydrophobic membrane surfaces, however, van der Waals interactions mitigated fouling and acid-base interactions turned out to be favorable for fouling. 24946586 7 1 theme subsequent 1270:1279 arg1 stages 1281:1286 initial and subsequent stages 1258:1286 initial and subsequent stages 1258:1286 Under all tested ionic compositions, fouling potentials (K) of initial and subsequent stages correlated well with membrane-SA interfacial free energy of adhesion and SA-SA interfacial free energy of cohesion, respectively. 24946586 2 2 theme hydrophobic 509:519 arg1 surfaces 530:537 hydrophobic membrane surfaces 509:537 hydrophobic membrane surfaces 509:537 Results showed that for hydrophilic membrane surfaces, van der Waals interactions facilitated fouling, whereas acid-base interactions alleviated fouling; for hydrophobic membrane surfaces, however, van der Waals interactions mitigated fouling and acid-base interactions turned out to be favorable for fouling. 24946586 3 3 theme SA 739:740 arg1 molecules 742:750 SA molecules 739:750 SA molecules 739:750 Electrostatic double layer interactions contributed minimally to fouling when SA molecules came into contact with MF membrane surface. 24946586 5 4 theme Higher 956:961 arg1 strength 969:976 Higher ionic strength 956:976 Higher ionic strength 956:976 Higher ionic strength could make acid-base interaction less repulsive or more attractive, thus aggravating SA fouling of MF membrane. 24946586 1 5 theme membrane 279:286 arg1 fouling 288:294 microfiltration (MF) membrane fouling 258:294 microfiltration (MF) membrane fouling by sodium alginate (SA) at various ionic compositions 258:348 The extended Derjaguin-Laudau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory was utilized to quantitatively evaluate short-range interfacial interactions involved in microfiltration (MF) membrane fouling by sodium alginate (SA) at various ionic compositions. 24946586 2 6 theme der 553:555 arg1 interactions 563:574 van der Waals interactions 549:574 van der Waals interactions mitigated fouling and acid-base interactions 549:619 Results showed that for hydrophilic membrane surfaces, van der Waals interactions facilitated fouling, whereas acid-base interactions alleviated fouling; for hydrophobic membrane surfaces, however, van der Waals interactions mitigated fouling and acid-base interactions turned out to be favorable for fouling. 24946586 8 7 theme MF 1486:1487 arg1 fouling 1498:1504 MF membrane fouling 1486:1504 MF membrane fouling 1486:1504 This implies that the XDLVO theory is applicable for description of MF membrane fouling by SA at various ionic compositions. 24946586 5 8 theme membrane 1080:1087 arg1 fouling 1066:1072 SA fouling 1063:1072 SA fouling of MF membrane 1063:1087 Higher ionic strength could make acid-base interaction less repulsive or more attractive, thus aggravating SA fouling of MF membrane. 24946586 5 9 theme repulsive 1016:1024 arg1 interaction 999:1009 acid-base interaction 989:1009 acid-base interaction less repulsive or more attractive 989:1043 Higher ionic strength could make acid-base interaction less repulsive or more attractive, thus aggravating SA fouling of MF membrane. 24946586 0 10 theme XDLVO 91:95 arg1 approach 97:104 XDLVO approach] 91:105 XDLVO approach] 91:105 [Fouling behavior of sodium alginate during microfiltration at various ionic compositions: XDLVO approach]. 24946586 3 11 theme MF 775:776 arg1 surface 787:793 MF membrane surface 775:793 MF membrane surface 775:793 Electrostatic double layer interactions contributed minimally to fouling when SA molecules came into contact with MF membrane surface. 24946586 7 12 theme membrane-SA 1309:1319 arg1 energy 1338:1343 membrane-SA interfacial free energy 1309:1343 membrane-SA interfacial free energy of adhesion 1309:1355 Under all tested ionic compositions, fouling potentials (K) of initial and subsequent stages correlated well with membrane-SA interfacial free energy of adhesion and SA-SA interfacial free energy of cohesion, respectively. 24946586 3 13 theme membrane 778:785 arg1 surface 787:793 MF membrane surface 775:793 MF membrane surface 775:793 Electrostatic double layer interactions contributed minimally to fouling when SA molecules came into contact with MF membrane surface. 24946586 4 14 theme interactions 895:906 arg1 alteration 871:880 alteration 871:880 alteration of acid-base interactions between membrane and SA or among SA themselves 871:953 Ionic strength and Ca2+ affected SA fouling of MF membranes mainly through alteration of acid-base interactions between membrane and SA or among SA themselves. 24946586 0 15 dep approach 97:104 arg1 behavior 9:16 [Fouling behavior 0:16 [Fouling behavior of sodium alginate during microfiltration at various ionic compositions 0:88 [Fouling behavior of sodium alginate during microfiltration at various ionic compositions: XDLVO approach]. 24946586 2 16 theme der 410:412 arg1 interactions 420:431 van der Waals interactions 406:431 van der Waals interactions 406:431 Results showed that for hydrophilic membrane surfaces, van der Waals interactions facilitated fouling, whereas acid-base interactions alleviated fouling; for hydrophobic membrane surfaces, however, van der Waals interactions mitigated fouling and acid-base interactions turned out to be favorable for fouling. 24946586 7 17 theme tested 1205:1210 arg1 compositions 1218:1229 all tested ionic compositions 1201:1229 all tested ionic compositions 1201:1229 Under all tested ionic compositions, fouling potentials (K) of initial and subsequent stages correlated well with membrane-SA interfacial free energy of adhesion and SA-SA interfacial free energy of cohesion, respectively. 24946586 8 18 theme ionic 1523:1527 arg1 compositions 1529:1540 various ionic compositions 1515:1540 various ionic compositions 1515:1540 This implies that the XDLVO theory is applicable for description of MF membrane fouling by SA at various ionic compositions. 24946586 4 19 theme acid-base 885:893 arg1 interactions 895:906 acid-base interactions 885:906 acid-base interactions between membrane and SA or among SA themselves 885:953 Ionic strength and Ca2+ affected SA fouling of MF membranes mainly through alteration of acid-base interactions between membrane and SA or among SA themselves. 24946586 2 20 theme acid-base 462:470 arg1 interactions 472:483 acid-base interactions 462:483 acid-base interactions 462:483 Results showed that for hydrophilic membrane surfaces, van der Waals interactions facilitated fouling, whereas acid-base interactions alleviated fouling; for hydrophobic membrane surfaces, however, van der Waals interactions mitigated fouling and acid-base interactions turned out to be favorable for fouling. 24946586 2 21 theme van 406:408 arg1 interactions 420:431 van der Waals interactions 406:431 van der Waals interactions 406:431 Results showed that for hydrophilic membrane surfaces, van der Waals interactions facilitated fouling, whereas acid-base interactions alleviated fouling; for hydrophobic membrane surfaces, however, van der Waals interactions mitigated fouling and acid-base interactions turned out to be favorable for fouling. 24946586 7 22 theme stages 1281:1286 arg1 potentials 1240:1249 fouling potentials 1232:1249 fouling potentials (K) of initial and subsequent stages 1232:1286 Under all tested ionic compositions, fouling potentials (K) of initial and subsequent stages correlated well with membrane-SA interfacial free energy of adhesion and SA-SA interfacial free energy of cohesion, respectively. 24946586 7 22 theme stages 1281:1286 arg1 K 1252:1252 K 1252:1252 K 1252:1252 Under all tested ionic compositions, fouling potentials (K) of initial and subsequent stages correlated well with membrane-SA interfacial free energy of adhesion and SA-SA interfacial free energy of cohesion, respectively. 24946586 7 23 theme free 1333:1336 arg1 energy 1338:1343 membrane-SA interfacial free energy 1309:1343 membrane-SA interfacial free energy of adhesion 1309:1355 Under all tested ionic compositions, fouling potentials (K) of initial and subsequent stages correlated well with membrane-SA interfacial free energy of adhesion and SA-SA interfacial free energy of cohesion, respectively. 24946586 5 24 theme acid-base 989:997 arg1 interaction 999:1009 acid-base interaction 989:1009 acid-base interaction less repulsive or more attractive 989:1043 Higher ionic strength could make acid-base interaction less repulsive or more attractive, thus aggravating SA fouling of MF membrane. 24946586 0 25 theme [Fouling 0:7 arg1 behavior 9:16 [Fouling behavior 0:16 [Fouling behavior of sodium alginate during microfiltration at various ionic compositions 0:88 [Fouling behavior of sodium alginate during microfiltration at various ionic compositions: XDLVO approach]. 24946586 1 26 theme sodium 299:304 arg1 SA 316:317 SA 316:317 SA 316:317 The extended Derjaguin-Laudau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory was utilized to quantitatively evaluate short-range interfacial interactions involved in microfiltration (MF) membrane fouling by sodium alginate (SA) at various ionic compositions. 24946586 1 26 theme sodium 299:304 arg1 alginate 306:313 sodium alginate 299:313 sodium alginate (SA) at various ionic compositions 299:348 The extended Derjaguin-Laudau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory was utilized to quantitatively evaluate short-range interfacial interactions involved in microfiltration (MF) membrane fouling by sodium alginate (SA) at various ionic compositions. 24946586 8 27 from compositions 1529:1540 arg1 SA 1509:1510 SA 1509:1510 SA at various ionic compositions 1509:1540 This implies that the XDLVO theory is applicable for description of MF membrane fouling by SA at various ionic compositions. 24946586 7 28 theme cohesion 1394:1401 arg1 energy 1384:1389 SA-SA interfacial free energy 1361:1389 SA-SA interfacial free energy of cohesion 1361:1401 Under all tested ionic compositions, fouling potentials (K) of initial and subsequent stages correlated well with membrane-SA interfacial free energy of adhesion and SA-SA interfacial free energy of cohesion, respectively. 24946586 7 28 theme cohesion 1394:1401 arg1 energy 1338:1343 membrane-SA interfacial free energy 1309:1343 membrane-SA interfacial free energy of adhesion 1309:1355 Under all tested ionic compositions, fouling potentials (K) of initial and subsequent stages correlated well with membrane-SA interfacial free energy of adhesion and SA-SA interfacial free energy of cohesion, respectively. 24946586 0 29 theme sodium 21:26 arg1 alginate 28:35 sodium alginate 21:35 sodium alginate 21:35 [Fouling behavior of sodium alginate during microfiltration at various ionic compositions: XDLVO approach]. 24946586 5 30 theme SA 1063:1064 arg1 fouling 1066:1072 SA fouling 1063:1072 SA fouling of MF membrane 1063:1087 Higher ionic strength could make acid-base interaction less repulsive or more attractive, thus aggravating SA fouling of MF membrane. 24946586 8 31 theme various 1515:1521 arg1 compositions 1529:1540 various ionic compositions 1515:1540 various ionic compositions 1515:1540 This implies that the XDLVO theory is applicable for description of MF membrane fouling by SA at various ionic compositions. 24946586 7 32 theme interfacial 1321:1331 arg1 energy 1338:1343 membrane-SA interfacial free energy 1309:1343 membrane-SA interfacial free energy of adhesion 1309:1355 Under all tested ionic compositions, fouling potentials (K) of initial and subsequent stages correlated well with membrane-SA interfacial free energy of adhesion and SA-SA interfacial free energy of cohesion, respectively. 24946586 1 33 theme short-range 209:219 arg1 interactions 233:244 short-range interfacial interactions 209:244 short-range interfacial interactions involved in microfiltration (MF) membrane fouling by sodium alginate (SA) at various ionic compositions 209:348 The extended Derjaguin-Laudau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory was utilized to quantitatively evaluate short-range interfacial interactions involved in microfiltration (MF) membrane fouling by sodium alginate (SA) at various ionic compositions. 24946586 4 34 theme MF 843:844 arg1 membranes 846:854 MF membranes 843:854 MF membranes 843:854 Ionic strength and Ca2+ affected SA fouling of MF membranes mainly through alteration of acid-base interactions between membrane and SA or among SA themselves. 24946586 4 35 theme SA 829:830 arg1 fouling 832:838 SA fouling 829:838 SA fouling of MF membranes 829:854 Ionic strength and Ca2+ affected SA fouling of MF membranes mainly through alteration of acid-base interactions between membrane and SA or among SA themselves. 24946586 4 36 theme Ionic 796:800 arg1 strength 802:809 Ionic strength 796:809 Ionic strength 796:809 Ionic strength and Ca2+ affected SA fouling of MF membranes mainly through alteration of acid-base interactions between membrane and SA or among SA themselves. 24946586 1 37 theme interfacial 221:231 arg1 interactions 233:244 short-range interfacial interactions 209:244 short-range interfacial interactions involved in microfiltration (MF) membrane fouling by sodium alginate (SA) at various ionic compositions 209:348 The extended Derjaguin-Laudau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory was utilized to quantitatively evaluate short-range interfacial interactions involved in microfiltration (MF) membrane fouling by sodium alginate (SA) at various ionic compositions. 24946586 7 38 theme interfacial 1367:1377 arg1 energy 1384:1389 SA-SA interfacial free energy 1361:1389 SA-SA interfacial free energy of cohesion 1361:1401 Under all tested ionic compositions, fouling potentials (K) of initial and subsequent stages correlated well with membrane-SA interfacial free energy of adhesion and SA-SA interfacial free energy of cohesion, respectively. 24946586 0 39 from compositions 77:88 arg1 microfiltration 44:58 microfiltration 44:58 microfiltration at various ionic compositions 44:88 [Fouling behavior of sodium alginate during microfiltration at various ionic compositions: XDLVO approach]. 24946586 7 40 theme SA-SA 1361:1365 arg1 energy 1384:1389 SA-SA interfacial free energy 1361:1389 SA-SA interfacial free energy of cohesion 1361:1401 Under all tested ionic compositions, fouling potentials (K) of initial and subsequent stages correlated well with membrane-SA interfacial free energy of adhesion and SA-SA interfacial free energy of cohesion, respectively. 24946586 0 41 theme alginate 28:35 arg1 behavior 9:16 [Fouling behavior 0:16 [Fouling behavior of sodium alginate during microfiltration at various ionic compositions 0:88 [Fouling behavior of sodium alginate during microfiltration at various ionic compositions: XDLVO approach]. 24946586 2 42 theme Waals 557:561 arg1 interactions 563:574 van der Waals interactions 549:574 van der Waals interactions mitigated fouling and acid-base interactions 549:619 Results showed that for hydrophilic membrane surfaces, van der Waals interactions facilitated fouling, whereas acid-base interactions alleviated fouling; for hydrophobic membrane surfaces, however, van der Waals interactions mitigated fouling and acid-base interactions turned out to be favorable for fouling. 24946586 3 43 theme double 675:680 arg1 interactions 688:699 Electrostatic double layer interactions 661:699 Electrostatic double layer interactions 661:699 Electrostatic double layer interactions contributed minimally to fouling when SA molecules came into contact with MF membrane surface. 24946586 5 44 theme MF 1077:1078 arg1 membrane 1080:1087 MF membrane 1077:1087 MF membrane 1077:1087 Higher ionic strength could make acid-base interaction less repulsive or more attractive, thus aggravating SA fouling of MF membrane. 24946586 2 45 theme Waals 414:418 arg1 interactions 420:431 van der Waals interactions 406:431 van der Waals interactions 406:431 Results showed that for hydrophilic membrane surfaces, van der Waals interactions facilitated fouling, whereas acid-base interactions alleviated fouling; for hydrophobic membrane surfaces, however, van der Waals interactions mitigated fouling and acid-base interactions turned out to be favorable for fouling. 24946586 1 46 from compositions 337:348 arg1 SA 316:317 SA 316:317 SA 316:317 The extended Derjaguin-Laudau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory was utilized to quantitatively evaluate short-range interfacial interactions involved in microfiltration (MF) membrane fouling by sodium alginate (SA) at various ionic compositions. 24946586 1 46 from compositions 337:348 arg1 alginate 306:313 sodium alginate 299:313 sodium alginate (SA) at various ionic compositions 299:348 The extended Derjaguin-Laudau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory was utilized to quantitatively evaluate short-range interfacial interactions involved in microfiltration (MF) membrane fouling by sodium alginate (SA) at various ionic compositions. 24946586 7 47 theme initial 1258:1264 arg1 stages 1281:1286 initial and subsequent stages 1258:1286 initial and subsequent stages 1258:1286 Under all tested ionic compositions, fouling potentials (K) of initial and subsequent stages correlated well with membrane-SA interfacial free energy of adhesion and SA-SA interfacial free energy of cohesion, respectively. 24946586 8 48 theme XDLVO 1440:1444 arg1 applicable 1456:1465 applicable 1456:1465 applicable 1456:1465 This implies that the XDLVO theory is applicable for description of MF membrane fouling by SA at various ionic compositions. 24946586 8 48 theme XDLVO 1440:1444 arg1 theory 1446:1451 the XDLVO theory 1436:1451 the XDLVO theory 1436:1451 This implies that the XDLVO theory is applicable for description of MF membrane fouling by SA at various ionic compositions. 24946586 3 49 theme layer 682:686 arg1 interactions 688:699 Electrostatic double layer interactions 661:699 Electrostatic double layer interactions 661:699 Electrostatic double layer interactions contributed minimally to fouling when SA molecules came into contact with MF membrane surface. 24946586 2 50 theme van 549:551 arg1 interactions 563:574 van der Waals interactions 549:574 van der Waals interactions mitigated fouling and acid-base interactions 549:619 Results showed that for hydrophilic membrane surfaces, van der Waals interactions facilitated fouling, whereas acid-base interactions alleviated fouling; for hydrophobic membrane surfaces, however, van der Waals interactions mitigated fouling and acid-base interactions turned out to be favorable for fouling. 24946586 6 51 theme cleaning 1172:1179 arg1 efficiencies 1181:1192 physical cleaning efficiencies 1163:1192 physical cleaning efficiencies 1163:1192 Although Ca2+ accelerated flux decline significantly, Ca2+ could enhance physical cleaning efficiencies. 24946586 5 52 theme ionic 963:967 arg1 strength 969:976 Higher ionic strength 956:976 Higher ionic strength 956:976 Higher ionic strength could make acid-base interaction less repulsive or more attractive, thus aggravating SA fouling of MF membrane. 24946586 7 53 theme ionic 1212:1216 arg1 compositions 1218:1229 all tested ionic compositions 1201:1229 all tested ionic compositions 1201:1229 Under all tested ionic compositions, fouling potentials (K) of initial and subsequent stages correlated well with membrane-SA interfacial free energy of adhesion and SA-SA interfacial free energy of cohesion, respectively. 24946586 1 54 theme various 323:329 arg1 compositions 337:348 various ionic compositions 323:348 various ionic compositions 323:348 The extended Derjaguin-Laudau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory was utilized to quantitatively evaluate short-range interfacial interactions involved in microfiltration (MF) membrane fouling by sodium alginate (SA) at various ionic compositions. 24946586 8 55 theme fouling 1498:1504 arg1 description 1471:1481 description 1471:1481 description of MF membrane fouling by SA at various ionic compositions 1471:1540 This implies that the XDLVO theory is applicable for description of MF membrane fouling by SA at various ionic compositions. 24946586 7 56 theme adhesion 1348:1355 arg1 energy 1384:1389 SA-SA interfacial free energy 1361:1389 SA-SA interfacial free energy of cohesion 1361:1401 Under all tested ionic compositions, fouling potentials (K) of initial and subsequent stages correlated well with membrane-SA interfacial free energy of adhesion and SA-SA interfacial free energy of cohesion, respectively. 24946586 7 56 theme adhesion 1348:1355 arg1 energy 1338:1343 membrane-SA interfacial free energy 1309:1343 membrane-SA interfacial free energy of adhesion 1309:1355 Under all tested ionic compositions, fouling potentials (K) of initial and subsequent stages correlated well with membrane-SA interfacial free energy of adhesion and SA-SA interfacial free energy of cohesion, respectively. 24946586 1 57 theme extended 112:119 arg1 theory 162:167 The extended Derjaguin-Laudau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory 108:167 The extended Derjaguin-Laudau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory 108:167 The extended Derjaguin-Laudau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory was utilized to quantitatively evaluate short-range interfacial interactions involved in microfiltration (MF) membrane fouling by sodium alginate (SA) at various ionic compositions. 24946586 3 58 with contact 762:768 arg1 surface 787:793 MF membrane surface 775:793 MF membrane surface 775:793 Electrostatic double layer interactions contributed minimally to fouling when SA molecules came into contact with MF membrane surface. 24946586 1 59 theme ionic 331:335 arg1 compositions 337:348 various ionic compositions 323:348 various ionic compositions 323:348 The extended Derjaguin-Laudau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory was utilized to quantitatively evaluate short-range interfacial interactions involved in microfiltration (MF) membrane fouling by sodium alginate (SA) at various ionic compositions. 24946586 2 60 theme acid-base 598:606 arg1 interactions 608:619 acid-base interactions 598:619 acid-base interactions 598:619 Results showed that for hydrophilic membrane surfaces, van der Waals interactions facilitated fouling, whereas acid-base interactions alleviated fouling; for hydrophobic membrane surfaces, however, van der Waals interactions mitigated fouling and acid-base interactions turned out to be favorable for fouling. 24946586 8 61 theme membrane 1489:1496 arg1 fouling 1498:1504 MF membrane fouling 1486:1504 MF membrane fouling 1486:1504 This implies that the XDLVO theory is applicable for description of MF membrane fouling by SA at various ionic compositions. 24946586 1 62 theme Derjaguin-Laudau-Verwey-Overbeek 121:152 arg1 theory 162:167 The extended Derjaguin-Laudau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory 108:167 The extended Derjaguin-Laudau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory 108:167 The extended Derjaguin-Laudau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory was utilized to quantitatively evaluate short-range interfacial interactions involved in microfiltration (MF) membrane fouling by sodium alginate (SA) at various ionic compositions. 24946586 3 63 theme Electrostatic 661:673 arg1 interactions 688:699 Electrostatic double layer interactions 661:699 Electrostatic double layer interactions 661:699 Electrostatic double layer interactions contributed minimally to fouling when SA molecules came into contact with MF membrane surface. 24946586 6 64 theme physical 1163:1170 arg1 efficiencies 1181:1192 physical cleaning efficiencies 1163:1192 physical cleaning efficiencies 1163:1192 Although Ca2+ accelerated flux decline significantly, Ca2+ could enhance physical cleaning efficiencies. 24946586 7 65 theme fouling 1232:1238 arg1 potentials 1240:1249 fouling potentials 1232:1249 fouling potentials (K) of initial and subsequent stages 1232:1286 Under all tested ionic compositions, fouling potentials (K) of initial and subsequent stages correlated well with membrane-SA interfacial free energy of adhesion and SA-SA interfacial free energy of cohesion, respectively. 24946586 7 65 theme fouling 1232:1238 arg1 K 1252:1252 K 1252:1252 K 1252:1252 Under all tested ionic compositions, fouling potentials (K) of initial and subsequent stages correlated well with membrane-SA interfacial free energy of adhesion and SA-SA interfacial free energy of cohesion, respectively. 24946586 1 66 theme microfiltration 258:272 arg1 fouling 288:294 microfiltration (MF) membrane fouling 258:294 microfiltration (MF) membrane fouling by sodium alginate (SA) at various ionic compositions 258:348 The extended Derjaguin-Laudau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory was utilized to quantitatively evaluate short-range interfacial interactions involved in microfiltration (MF) membrane fouling by sodium alginate (SA) at various ionic compositions. 24946586 0 67 theme ionic 71:75 arg1 compositions 77:88 various ionic compositions 63:88 various ionic compositions 63:88 [Fouling behavior of sodium alginate during microfiltration at various ionic compositions: XDLVO approach]. 24946586 5 68 theme attractive 1034:1043 arg1 interaction 999:1009 acid-base interaction 989:1009 acid-base interaction less repulsive or more attractive 989:1043 Higher ionic strength could make acid-base interaction less repulsive or more attractive, thus aggravating SA fouling of MF membrane. 24946586 4 69 theme membranes 846:854 arg1 fouling 832:838 SA fouling 829:838 SA fouling of MF membranes 829:854 Ionic strength and Ca2+ affected SA fouling of MF membranes mainly through alteration of acid-base interactions between membrane and SA or among SA themselves. 24946586 6 70 theme flux 1116:1119 arg1 decline 1121:1127 flux decline 1116:1127 flux decline 1116:1127 Although Ca2+ accelerated flux decline significantly, Ca2+ could enhance physical cleaning efficiencies. 24946586 2 71 theme membrane 387:394 arg1 surfaces 396:403 hydrophilic membrane surfaces 375:403 hydrophilic membrane surfaces 375:403 Results showed that for hydrophilic membrane surfaces, van der Waals interactions facilitated fouling, whereas acid-base interactions alleviated fouling; for hydrophobic membrane surfaces, however, van der Waals interactions mitigated fouling and acid-base interactions turned out to be favorable for fouling. 24946586 7 72 theme free 1379:1382 arg1 energy 1384:1389 SA-SA interfacial free energy 1361:1389 SA-SA interfacial free energy of cohesion 1361:1401 Under all tested ionic compositions, fouling potentials (K) of initial and subsequent stages correlated well with membrane-SA interfacial free energy of adhesion and SA-SA interfacial free energy of cohesion, respectively. 24946586 0 73 theme various 63:69 arg1 compositions 77:88 various ionic compositions 63:88 various ionic compositions 63:88 [Fouling behavior of sodium alginate during microfiltration at various ionic compositions: XDLVO approach]. 24946586 1 74 used utilized 173:180 arg2 theory 162:167 The extended Derjaguin-Laudau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory 108:167 The extended Derjaguin-Laudau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory 108:167 The extended Derjaguin-Laudau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory was utilized to quantitatively evaluate short-range interfacial interactions involved in microfiltration (MF) membrane fouling by sodium alginate (SA) at various ionic compositions. 24946586 2 75 theme hydrophilic 375:385 arg1 surfaces 396:403 hydrophilic membrane surfaces 375:403 hydrophilic membrane surfaces 375:403 Results showed that for hydrophilic membrane surfaces, van der Waals interactions facilitated fouling, whereas acid-base interactions alleviated fouling; for hydrophobic membrane surfaces, however, van der Waals interactions mitigated fouling and acid-base interactions turned out to be favorable for fouling. 24946586 1 76 theme MF 275:276 arg1 fouling 288:294 microfiltration (MF) membrane fouling 258:294 microfiltration (MF) membrane fouling by sodium alginate (SA) at various ionic compositions 258:348 The extended Derjaguin-Laudau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory was utilized to quantitatively evaluate short-range interfacial interactions involved in microfiltration (MF) membrane fouling by sodium alginate (SA) at various ionic compositions. 25958547 3 0 theme mixture 392:398 arg1 solution 400:407 their mixture solution 386:407 their mixture solution 386:407 Nano fibrous web consisting of cellulose acetate and hydroxyapatite was produced from their mixture solution by using an electro-spinning process under high voltage. 25958547 5 1 theme simulated 725:733 arg1 SBF 747:749 SBF 747:749 SBF 747:749 The structure, morphology and properties of the electro-spun fibers were investigated and an in-vitro bioactivity test was evaluated in simulated body fluid (SBF). 25958547 5 1 theme simulated 725:733 arg1 fluid 740:744 simulated body fluid 725:744 simulated body fluid (SBF) 725:750 The structure, morphology and properties of the electro-spun fibers were investigated and an in-vitro bioactivity test was evaluated in simulated body fluid (SBF). 25958547 3 2 theme Nano 300:303 arg1 web 313:315 Nano fibrous web 300:315 Nano fibrous web consisting of cellulose acetate and hydroxyapatite 300:366 Nano fibrous web consisting of cellulose acetate and hydroxyapatite was produced from their mixture solution by using an electro-spinning process under high voltage. 25958547 7 3 theme X-ray 1017:1021 arg1 Spectroscopy 1037:1048 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy 1017:1048 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy 1017:1048 The surface changes of electro-spun fibers modified by plasma and alkaline solution were investigated by FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy). 25958547 7 3 theme X-ray 1017:1021 arg1 XPS 1012:1014 FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) 960:1049 XPS 1012:1014 The surface changes of electro-spun fibers modified by plasma and alkaline solution were investigated by FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy). 25958547 5 4 theme in-vitro 682:689 arg1 test 703:706 an in-vitro bioactivity test 679:706 an in-vitro bioactivity test 679:706 The structure, morphology and properties of the electro-spun fibers were investigated and an in-vitro bioactivity test was evaluated in simulated body fluid (SBF). 25958547 4 5 theme electro-spun 485:496 arg1 fiber 498:502 the electro-spun fiber 481:502 the electro-spun fiber 481:502 The surface of the electro-spun fiber was modified by a plasma and alkaline solution in order to increase its bioactivity. 25958547 6 6 theme web 785:787 arg1 Bioactivity 753:763 Bioactivity 753:763 Bioactivity of the electro-spun web 753:787 Bioactivity of the electro-spun web was enhanced with the filler concentration and surface treatment. 25958547 5 7 theme bioactivity 691:701 arg1 test 703:706 an in-vitro bioactivity test 679:706 an in-vitro bioactivity test 679:706 The structure, morphology and properties of the electro-spun fibers were investigated and an in-vitro bioactivity test was evaluated in simulated body fluid (SBF). 25958547 6 8 theme electro-spun 772:783 arg1 web 785:787 the electro-spun web 768:787 the electro-spun web 768:787 Bioactivity of the electro-spun web was enhanced with the filler concentration and surface treatment. 25958547 3 9 theme electro-spinning 421:436 arg1 process 438:444 an electro-spinning process 418:444 an electro-spinning process under high voltage 418:463 Nano fibrous web consisting of cellulose acetate and hydroxyapatite was produced from their mixture solution by using an electro-spinning process under high voltage. 25958547 5 10 theme electro-spun 637:648 arg1 fibers 650:655 the electro-spun fibers 633:655 the electro-spun fibers 633:655 The structure, morphology and properties of the electro-spun fibers were investigated and an in-vitro bioactivity test was evaluated in simulated body fluid (SBF). 25958547 7 11 theme alkaline 921:928 arg1 solution 930:937 alkaline solution 921:937 alkaline solution 921:937 The surface changes of electro-spun fibers modified by plasma and alkaline solution were investigated by FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy). 25958547 7 12 theme Photoelectron 1023:1035 arg1 Spectroscopy 1037:1048 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy 1017:1048 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy 1017:1048 The surface changes of electro-spun fibers modified by plasma and alkaline solution were investigated by FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy). 25958547 7 12 theme Photoelectron 1023:1035 arg1 XPS 1012:1014 FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) 960:1049 XPS 1012:1014 The surface changes of electro-spun fibers modified by plasma and alkaline solution were investigated by FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy). 25958547 3 13 theme fibrous 305:311 arg1 web 313:315 Nano fibrous web 300:315 Nano fibrous web consisting of cellulose acetate and hydroxyapatite 300:366 Nano fibrous web consisting of cellulose acetate and hydroxyapatite was produced from their mixture solution by using an electro-spinning process under high voltage. 25958547 5 14 theme fibers 650:655 arg1 properties 619:628 properties 619:628 properties 619:628 The structure, morphology and properties of the electro-spun fibers were investigated and an in-vitro bioactivity test was evaluated in simulated body fluid (SBF). 25958547 5 14 theme fibers 650:655 arg1 morphology 604:613 morphology 604:613 morphology 604:613 The structure, morphology and properties of the electro-spun fibers were investigated and an in-vitro bioactivity test was evaluated in simulated body fluid (SBF). 25958547 5 14 theme fibers 650:655 arg1 structure 593:601 structure 593:601 structure 593:601 The structure, morphology and properties of the electro-spun fibers were investigated and an in-vitro bioactivity test was evaluated in simulated body fluid (SBF). 25958547 1 15 theme Hydroxyapatite/cellulose 109:132 arg1 webs 152:155 Hydroxyapatite/cellulose acetate composite webs 109:155 Hydroxyapatite/cellulose acetate composite webs 109:155 Hydroxyapatite/cellulose acetate composite webs were fabricated by an electro-spinning process. 25958547 7 16 theme electro-spun 878:889 arg1 fibers 891:896 electro-spun fibers 878:896 electro-spun fibers modified by plasma and alkaline solution 878:937 The surface changes of electro-spun fibers modified by plasma and alkaline solution were investigated by FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy). 25958547 1 17 theme acetate 134:140 arg1 webs 152:155 Hydroxyapatite/cellulose acetate composite webs 109:155 Hydroxyapatite/cellulose acetate composite webs 109:155 Hydroxyapatite/cellulose acetate composite webs were fabricated by an electro-spinning process. 25958547 5 18 theme body 735:738 arg1 SBF 747:749 SBF 747:749 SBF 747:749 The structure, morphology and properties of the electro-spun fibers were investigated and an in-vitro bioactivity test was evaluated in simulated body fluid (SBF). 25958547 5 18 theme body 735:738 arg1 fluid 740:744 simulated body fluid 725:744 simulated body fluid (SBF) 725:750 The structure, morphology and properties of the electro-spun fibers were investigated and an in-vitro bioactivity test was evaluated in simulated body fluid (SBF). 25958547 3 19 theme high 452:455 arg1 voltage 457:463 high voltage 452:463 high voltage 452:463 Nano fibrous web consisting of cellulose acetate and hydroxyapatite was produced from their mixture solution by using an electro-spinning process under high voltage. 25958547 7 20 theme fibers 891:896 arg1 changes 867:873 The surface changes 855:873 The surface changes of electro-spun fibers modified by plasma and alkaline solution 855:937 The surface changes of electro-spun fibers modified by plasma and alkaline solution were investigated by FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy). 25958547 4 21 mod modified 508:515 arg3 solution 542:549 a plasma and alkaline solution 520:549 solution 542:549 The surface of the electro-spun fiber was modified by a plasma and alkaline solution in order to increase its bioactivity. 25958547 4 21 mod modified 508:515 arg1 surface 470:476 The surface 466:476 The surface of the electro-spun fiber 466:502 The surface of the electro-spun fiber was modified by a plasma and alkaline solution in order to increase its bioactivity. 25958547 1 22 theme composite 142:150 arg1 webs 152:155 Hydroxyapatite/cellulose acetate composite webs 109:155 Hydroxyapatite/cellulose acetate composite webs 109:155 Hydroxyapatite/cellulose acetate composite webs were fabricated by an electro-spinning process. 25958547 0 23 theme cellulose 15:23 arg1 Bioactivity 0:10 Bioactivity 0:10 Bioactivity of cellulose 0:23 Bioactivity of cellulose acetate/hydroxyapatite nanoparticle composite fiber by an electro-spinning process. 25958547 4 24 theme plasma 522:527 arg1 solution 542:549 a plasma and alkaline solution 520:549 solution 542:549 The surface of the electro-spun fiber was modified by a plasma and alkaline solution in order to increase its bioactivity. 25958547 0 25 theme composite 61:69 arg1 fiber 71:75 nanoparticle composite fiber 48:75 nanoparticle composite fiber 48:75 Bioactivity of cellulose acetate/hydroxyapatite nanoparticle composite fiber by an electro-spinning process. 25958547 3 26 theme cellulose 331:339 arg1 acetate 341:347 cellulose acetate 331:347 cellulose acetate 331:347 Nano fibrous web consisting of cellulose acetate and hydroxyapatite was produced from their mixture solution by using an electro-spinning process under high voltage. 25958547 5 27 dep structure 593:601 arg1 The 589:591 The 589:591 The 589:591 The structure, morphology and properties of the electro-spun fibers were investigated and an in-vitro bioactivity test was evaluated in simulated body fluid (SBF). 25958547 0 28 theme nanoparticle 48:59 arg1 fiber 71:75 nanoparticle composite fiber 48:75 nanoparticle composite fiber 48:75 Bioactivity of cellulose acetate/hydroxyapatite nanoparticle composite fiber by an electro-spinning process. 25958547 4 29 theme alkaline 533:540 arg1 solution 542:549 a plasma and alkaline solution 520:549 solution 542:549 The surface of the electro-spun fiber was modified by a plasma and alkaline solution in order to increase its bioactivity. 25958547 7 30 dep FT-IR 960:964 arg1 Transform 975:983 Transform 975:983 Transform Infrared Spectroscopy 975:1005 The surface changes of electro-spun fibers modified by plasma and alkaline solution were investigated by FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy). 25958547 6 31 theme surface 836:842 arg1 treatment 844:852 surface treatment 836:852 surface treatment 836:852 Bioactivity of the electro-spun web was enhanced with the filler concentration and surface treatment. 25958547 7 32 theme surface 859:865 arg1 changes 867:873 The surface changes 855:873 The surface changes of electro-spun fibers modified by plasma and alkaline solution 855:937 The surface changes of electro-spun fibers modified by plasma and alkaline solution were investigated by FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy). 25958547 2 33 theme electro-spinning 210:225 arg1 process 227:233 This electro-spinning process 205:233 This electro-spinning process 205:233 This electro-spinning process makes it possible to fabricate complex three-dimensional shapes. 25958547 2 34 theme complex 266:272 arg1 shapes 292:297 complex three-dimensional shapes 266:297 complex three-dimensional shapes 266:297 This electro-spinning process makes it possible to fabricate complex three-dimensional shapes. 25958547 2 35 theme three-dimensional 274:290 arg1 shapes 292:297 complex three-dimensional shapes 266:297 complex three-dimensional shapes 266:297 This electro-spinning process makes it possible to fabricate complex three-dimensional shapes. 25958547 4 36 theme fiber 498:502 arg1 surface 470:476 The surface 466:476 The surface of the electro-spun fiber 466:502 The surface of the electro-spun fiber was modified by a plasma and alkaline solution in order to increase its bioactivity. 25958547 6 37 theme filler 811:816 arg1 concentration 818:830 filler concentration 811:830 filler concentration 811:830 Bioactivity of the electro-spun web was enhanced with the filler concentration and surface treatment. 25958547 0 38 theme electro-spinning 83:98 arg1 process 100:106 an electro-spinning process 80:106 an electro-spinning process 80:106 Bioactivity of cellulose acetate/hydroxyapatite nanoparticle composite fiber by an electro-spinning process. 25958547 1 39 theme electro-spinning 179:194 arg1 process 196:202 an electro-spinning process 176:202 an electro-spinning process 176:202 Hydroxyapatite/cellulose acetate composite webs were fabricated by an electro-spinning process. 25958547 7 40 theme Infrared 985:992 arg1 Spectroscopy 994:1005 Infrared Spectroscopy 985:1005 Infrared Spectroscopy 985:1005 The surface changes of electro-spun fibers modified by plasma and alkaline solution were investigated by FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy). 25958547 6 41 dep concentration 818:830 arg1 the 807:809 the 807:809 the 807:809 Bioactivity of the electro-spun web was enhanced with the filler concentration and surface treatment. 25686946 4 0 theme electrochemical 544:558 arg1 polarization 560:571 electrochemical polarization 544:571 electrochemical polarization 544:571 The stability of the coatings in physiological environment was studied using electrochemical polarization and impedance spectroscopy. 25686946 3 1 dep Fourier 393:399 arg1 transform 401:409 transform 401:409 transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy 401:464 The structure and morphology of the obtained coatings were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. 25686946 5 2 theme CA 605:606 arg1 embedded 624:631 embedded 624:631 embedded 624:631 The CA nanofibers were embedded in the HAP/CHI coating and the resulted composite film was densely packed and uniform on the substrate. 25686946 5 2 theme CA 605:606 arg1 nanofibers 608:617 The CA nanofibers 601:617 The CA nanofibers 601:617 The CA nanofibers were embedded in the HAP/CHI coating and the resulted composite film was densely packed and uniform on the substrate. 25686946 4 3 theme impedance 577:585 arg1 spectroscopy 587:598 impedance spectroscopy 577:598 impedance spectroscopy 577:598 The stability of the coatings in physiological environment was studied using electrochemical polarization and impedance spectroscopy. 25686946 3 4 dep transform 401:409 arg1 infrared 411:418 infrared 411:418 transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy 401:464 The structure and morphology of the obtained coatings were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. 25686946 6 5 theme bone-like 870:878 arg1 layer 888:892 bone-like apatite layer 870:892 bone-like apatite layer 870:892 The in vitro biomineralization study of the coated samples immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) confirmed the formation ability of bone-like apatite layer on the surface of HAP-containing coatings. 25686946 6 6 theme coatings 927:934 arg1 surface 901:907 the surface 897:907 the surface of HAP-containing coatings 897:934 The in vitro biomineralization study of the coated samples immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) confirmed the formation ability of bone-like apatite layer on the surface of HAP-containing coatings. 25686946 7 7 theme stainless 1005:1013 arg1 substrate 1021:1029 the stainless steel substrate 1001:1029 the stainless steel substrate in SBF 1001:1036 Furthermore, the coatings could provide corrosion resistance to the stainless steel substrate in SBF. 25686946 5 8 theme resulted 664:671 arg1 packed 700:705 packed 700:705 packed 700:705 The CA nanofibers were embedded in the HAP/CHI coating and the resulted composite film was densely packed and uniform on the substrate. 25686946 5 8 theme resulted 664:671 arg1 film 683:686 the resulted composite film 660:686 the resulted composite film 660:686 The CA nanofibers were embedded in the HAP/CHI coating and the resulted composite film was densely packed and uniform on the substrate. 25686946 6 9 theme coated 781:786 arg1 samples 788:794 the coated samples 777:794 the coated samples immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) 777:833 The in vitro biomineralization study of the coated samples immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) confirmed the formation ability of bone-like apatite layer on the surface of HAP-containing coatings. 25686946 8 10 theme nanofibers 1106:1115 arg1 incorporation 1086:1098 the incorporation 1082:1098 the incorporation of CA nanofibers 1082:1115 The electrochemical results suggested that the incorporation of CA nanofibers could improve the corrosion resistance of the HAP/CHI coating. 25686946 5 11 theme composite 673:681 arg1 packed 700:705 packed 700:705 packed 700:705 The CA nanofibers were embedded in the HAP/CHI coating and the resulted composite film was densely packed and uniform on the substrate. 25686946 5 11 theme composite 673:681 arg1 film 683:686 the resulted composite film 660:686 the resulted composite film 660:686 The CA nanofibers were embedded in the HAP/CHI coating and the resulted composite film was densely packed and uniform on the substrate. 25686946 3 12 dep structure 322:330 arg1 The 318:320 The 318:320 The 318:320 The structure and morphology of the obtained coatings were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. 25686946 6 13 theme formation 849:857 arg1 ability 859:865 the formation ability 845:865 the formation ability of bone-like apatite layer on the surface of HAP-containing coatings 845:934 The in vitro biomineralization study of the coated samples immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) confirmed the formation ability of bone-like apatite layer on the surface of HAP-containing coatings. 25686946 1 14 theme Cellulose 102:110 arg1 CA 121:122 CA 121:122 CA 121:122 Cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibers were deposited on stainless steel plates by electrospinning technique. 25686946 1 14 theme Cellulose 102:110 arg1 acetate 112:118 Cellulose acetate 102:118 Cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibers 102:134 Cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibers were deposited on stainless steel plates by electrospinning technique. 25686946 6 15 from ability 859:865 arg1 surface 901:907 the surface 897:907 the surface of HAP-containing coatings 897:934 The in vitro biomineralization study of the coated samples immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) confirmed the formation ability of bone-like apatite layer on the surface of HAP-containing coatings. 25686946 0 16 theme corrosion 64:72 arg1 resistance 74:83 improved corrosion resistance 55:83 improved corrosion resistance 55:83 Cellulose acetate/hydroxyapatite/chitosan coatings for improved corrosion resistance and bioactivity. 25686946 1 17 theme acetate 112:118 arg1 nanofibers 125:134 Cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibers 102:134 Cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibers 102:134 Cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibers were deposited on stainless steel plates by electrospinning technique. 25686946 3 18 theme coatings 363:370 arg1 morphology 336:345 morphology 336:345 morphology 336:345 The structure and morphology of the obtained coatings were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. 25686946 3 18 theme coatings 363:370 arg1 structure 322:330 structure 322:330 structure 322:330 The structure and morphology of the obtained coatings were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. 25686946 7 19 theme steel 1015:1019 arg1 substrate 1021:1029 the stainless steel substrate 1001:1029 the stainless steel substrate in SBF 1001:1036 Furthermore, the coatings could provide corrosion resistance to the stainless steel substrate in SBF. 25686946 5 20 theme HAP/CHI 640:646 arg1 coating 648:654 the HAP/CHI coating 636:654 the HAP/CHI coating 636:654 The CA nanofibers were embedded in the HAP/CHI coating and the resulted composite film was densely packed and uniform on the substrate. 25686946 6 21 theme biomineralization 750:766 arg1 study 768:772 The in vitro biomineralization study 737:772 The in vitro biomineralization study of the coated samples immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) 737:833 The in vitro biomineralization study of the coated samples immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) confirmed the formation ability of bone-like apatite layer on the surface of HAP-containing coatings. 25686946 8 22 theme corrosion 1135:1143 arg1 resistance 1145:1154 the corrosion resistance 1131:1154 the corrosion resistance of the HAP/CHI coating 1131:1177 The electrochemical results suggested that the incorporation of CA nanofibers could improve the corrosion resistance of the HAP/CHI coating. 25686946 9 23 theme biomedical 1291:1300 arg1 applications 1302:1313 the biomedical applications 1287:1313 the biomedical applications 1287:1313 Thus, biocompatible CA/HAP/CHI coated metallic implants could be very useful in the long-term stability of the biomedical applications. 25686946 6 24 dep in 741:742 arg1 vitro 744:748 vitro 744:748 vitro 744:748 The in vitro biomineralization study of the coated samples immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) confirmed the formation ability of bone-like apatite layer on the surface of HAP-containing coatings. 25686946 6 25 theme in 741:742 arg1 study 768:772 The in vitro biomineralization study 737:772 The in vitro biomineralization study of the coated samples immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) 737:833 The in vitro biomineralization study of the coated samples immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) confirmed the formation ability of bone-like apatite layer on the surface of HAP-containing coatings. 25686946 5 26 from embedded 624:631 arg1 coating 648:654 the HAP/CHI coating 636:654 the HAP/CHI coating 636:654 The CA nanofibers were embedded in the HAP/CHI coating and the resulted composite film was densely packed and uniform on the substrate. 25686946 9 27 theme metallic 1218:1225 arg1 implants 1227:1234 biocompatible CA/HAP/CHI coated metallic implants 1186:1234 biocompatible CA/HAP/CHI coated metallic implants 1186:1234 Thus, biocompatible CA/HAP/CHI coated metallic implants could be very useful in the long-term stability of the biomedical applications. 25686946 4 28 theme coatings 488:495 arg1 stability 471:479 The stability 467:479 The stability of the coatings in physiological environment 467:524 The stability of the coatings in physiological environment was studied using electrochemical polarization and impedance spectroscopy. 25686946 3 29 theme electron 446:453 arg1 microscopy 455:464 scanning electron microscopy 437:464 scanning electron microscopy 437:464 The structure and morphology of the obtained coatings were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. 25686946 8 30 theme coating 1171:1177 arg1 resistance 1145:1154 the corrosion resistance 1131:1154 the corrosion resistance of the HAP/CHI coating 1131:1177 The electrochemical results suggested that the incorporation of CA nanofibers could improve the corrosion resistance of the HAP/CHI coating. 25686946 6 31 theme HAP-containing 912:925 arg1 coatings 927:934 HAP-containing coatings 912:934 HAP-containing coatings 912:934 The in vitro biomineralization study of the coated samples immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) confirmed the formation ability of bone-like apatite layer on the surface of HAP-containing coatings. 25686946 2 32 theme chitosan 263:270 arg1 composite 211:219 The composite 207:219 The composite of hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles and chitosan (CHI) 207:276 The composite of hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles and chitosan (CHI) was coated subsequently by dip-coating. 25686946 2 32 theme chitosan 263:270 arg1 nanoparticles 245:257 hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles 224:257 hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles 224:257 The composite of hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles and chitosan (CHI) was coated subsequently by dip-coating. 25686946 2 32 theme chitosan 263:270 arg1 chitosan 263:270 chitosan 263:270 chitosan (CHI) 263:276 The composite of hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles and chitosan (CHI) was coated subsequently by dip-coating. 25686946 9 33 theme biocompatible 1186:1198 arg1 implants 1227:1234 biocompatible CA/HAP/CHI coated metallic implants 1186:1234 biocompatible CA/HAP/CHI coated metallic implants 1186:1234 Thus, biocompatible CA/HAP/CHI coated metallic implants could be very useful in the long-term stability of the biomedical applications. 25686946 0 34 theme improved 55:62 arg1 resistance 74:83 improved corrosion resistance 55:83 improved corrosion resistance 55:83 Cellulose acetate/hydroxyapatite/chitosan coatings for improved corrosion resistance and bioactivity. 25686946 8 35 theme HAP/CHI 1163:1169 arg1 coating 1171:1177 the HAP/CHI coating 1159:1177 the HAP/CHI coating 1159:1177 The electrochemical results suggested that the incorporation of CA nanofibers could improve the corrosion resistance of the HAP/CHI coating. 25686946 4 36 theme physiological 500:512 arg1 environment 514:524 physiological environment 500:524 physiological environment 500:524 The stability of the coatings in physiological environment was studied using electrochemical polarization and impedance spectroscopy. 25686946 9 37 theme CA/HAP/CHI 1200:1209 arg1 implants 1227:1234 biocompatible CA/HAP/CHI coated metallic implants 1186:1234 biocompatible CA/HAP/CHI coated metallic implants 1186:1234 Thus, biocompatible CA/HAP/CHI coated metallic implants could be very useful in the long-term stability of the biomedical applications. 25686946 9 38 theme long-term 1264:1272 arg1 stability 1274:1282 the long-term stability 1260:1282 the long-term stability of the biomedical applications 1260:1313 Thus, biocompatible CA/HAP/CHI coated metallic implants could be very useful in the long-term stability of the biomedical applications. 25686946 2 39 theme nanoparticles 245:257 arg1 composite 211:219 The composite 207:219 The composite of hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles and chitosan (CHI) 207:276 The composite of hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles and chitosan (CHI) was coated subsequently by dip-coating. 25686946 2 39 theme nanoparticles 245:257 arg1 nanoparticles 245:257 hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles 224:257 hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles 224:257 The composite of hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles and chitosan (CHI) was coated subsequently by dip-coating. 25686946 2 39 theme nanoparticles 245:257 arg1 chitosan 263:270 chitosan 263:270 chitosan (CHI) 263:276 The composite of hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles and chitosan (CHI) was coated subsequently by dip-coating. 25686946 9 40 theme coated 1211:1216 arg1 implants 1227:1234 biocompatible CA/HAP/CHI coated metallic implants 1186:1234 biocompatible CA/HAP/CHI coated metallic implants 1186:1234 Thus, biocompatible CA/HAP/CHI coated metallic implants could be very useful in the long-term stability of the biomedical applications. 25686946 5 41 from coating 648:654 arg1 embedded 624:631 embedded 624:631 embedded 624:631 The CA nanofibers were embedded in the HAP/CHI coating and the resulted composite film was densely packed and uniform on the substrate. 25686946 5 41 from coating 648:654 arg1 nanofibers 608:617 The CA nanofibers 601:617 The CA nanofibers 601:617 The CA nanofibers were embedded in the HAP/CHI coating and the resulted composite film was densely packed and uniform on the substrate. 25686946 3 42 theme scanning 437:444 arg1 microscopy 455:464 scanning electron microscopy 437:464 scanning electron microscopy 437:464 The structure and morphology of the obtained coatings were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. 25686946 4 43 from stability 471:479 arg1 environment 514:524 physiological environment 500:524 physiological environment 500:524 The stability of the coatings in physiological environment was studied using electrochemical polarization and impedance spectroscopy. 25686946 2 44 theme HAP 240:242 arg1 nanoparticles 245:257 hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles 224:257 hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles 224:257 The composite of hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles and chitosan (CHI) was coated subsequently by dip-coating. 25686946 6 45 theme body 818:821 arg1 SBF 830:832 SBF 830:832 SBF 830:832 The in vitro biomineralization study of the coated samples immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) confirmed the formation ability of bone-like apatite layer on the surface of HAP-containing coatings. 25686946 6 45 theme body 818:821 arg1 fluid 823:827 simulated body fluid 808:827 simulated body fluid (SBF) 808:833 The in vitro biomineralization study of the coated samples immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) confirmed the formation ability of bone-like apatite layer on the surface of HAP-containing coatings. 25686946 9 46 theme applications 1302:1313 arg1 stability 1274:1282 the long-term stability 1260:1282 the long-term stability of the biomedical applications 1260:1313 Thus, biocompatible CA/HAP/CHI coated metallic implants could be very useful in the long-term stability of the biomedical applications. 25686946 6 47 theme simulated 808:816 arg1 SBF 830:832 SBF 830:832 SBF 830:832 The in vitro biomineralization study of the coated samples immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) confirmed the formation ability of bone-like apatite layer on the surface of HAP-containing coatings. 25686946 6 47 theme simulated 808:816 arg1 fluid 823:827 simulated body fluid 808:827 simulated body fluid (SBF) 808:833 The in vitro biomineralization study of the coated samples immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) confirmed the formation ability of bone-like apatite layer on the surface of HAP-containing coatings. 25686946 8 48 theme electrochemical 1043:1057 arg1 results 1059:1065 The electrochemical results 1039:1065 The electrochemical results 1039:1065 The electrochemical results suggested that the incorporation of CA nanofibers could improve the corrosion resistance of the HAP/CHI coating. 25686946 7 49 theme corrosion 977:985 arg1 resistance 987:996 corrosion resistance 977:996 corrosion resistance to the stainless steel substrate in SBF 977:1036 Furthermore, the coatings could provide corrosion resistance to the stainless steel substrate in SBF. 25686946 2 50 theme hydroxyapatite 224:237 arg1 nanoparticles 245:257 hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles 224:257 hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles 224:257 The composite of hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles and chitosan (CHI) was coated subsequently by dip-coating. 25686946 1 51 theme stainless 154:162 arg1 plates 170:175 stainless steel plates 154:175 stainless steel plates 154:175 Cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibers were deposited on stainless steel plates by electrospinning technique. 25686946 6 52 theme apatite 880:886 arg1 layer 888:892 bone-like apatite layer 870:892 bone-like apatite layer 870:892 The in vitro biomineralization study of the coated samples immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) confirmed the formation ability of bone-like apatite layer on the surface of HAP-containing coatings. 25686946 6 53 theme layer 888:892 arg1 ability 859:865 the formation ability 845:865 the formation ability of bone-like apatite layer on the surface of HAP-containing coatings 845:934 The in vitro biomineralization study of the coated samples immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) confirmed the formation ability of bone-like apatite layer on the surface of HAP-containing coatings. 25686946 1 54 theme steel 164:168 arg1 plates 170:175 stainless steel plates 154:175 stainless steel plates 154:175 Cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibers were deposited on stainless steel plates by electrospinning technique. 25686946 9 55 from useful 1250:1255 arg1 stability 1274:1282 the long-term stability 1260:1282 the long-term stability of the biomedical applications 1260:1313 Thus, biocompatible CA/HAP/CHI coated metallic implants could be very useful in the long-term stability of the biomedical applications. 25686946 3 56 theme obtained 354:361 arg1 coatings 363:370 the obtained coatings 350:370 the obtained coatings 350:370 The structure and morphology of the obtained coatings were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. 25686946 8 57 theme CA 1103:1104 arg1 nanofibers 1106:1115 CA nanofibers 1103:1115 CA nanofibers 1103:1115 The electrochemical results suggested that the incorporation of CA nanofibers could improve the corrosion resistance of the HAP/CHI coating. 25686946 6 58 theme samples 788:794 arg1 study 768:772 The in vitro biomineralization study 737:772 The in vitro biomineralization study of the coated samples immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) 737:833 The in vitro biomineralization study of the coated samples immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) confirmed the formation ability of bone-like apatite layer on the surface of HAP-containing coatings. 25686946 7 59 from substrate 1021:1029 arg1 SBF 1034:1036 SBF 1034:1036 SBF 1034:1036 Furthermore, the coatings could provide corrosion resistance to the stainless steel substrate in SBF. 25686946 9 60 from stability 1274:1282 arg1 useful 1250:1255 useful 1250:1255 useful 1250:1255 Thus, biocompatible CA/HAP/CHI coated metallic implants could be very useful in the long-term stability of the biomedical applications. 28322957 6 0 theme nanocrystals 1074:1085 arg1 isolation 1051:1059 the isolation 1047:1059 the isolation of cellulose nanocrystals 1047:1085 It was concluded that the extraction step with solvents was important in the isolation of cellulose, but irrelevant in the isolation of cellulose nanocrystals. 28322957 4 1 from effect 654:659 arg1 nanocrystals 743:754 cellulose nanocrystals 733:754 cellulose nanocrystals 733:754 Cellulose nanocrystals were isolated from the exhausted acacia bark (after the industrial process of extracting tannin) with the objective of evaluating the effect of the solvent extraction steps on the characteristics of cellulose and cellulose nanocrystals. 28322957 4 1 from effect 654:659 arg1 characteristics 700:714 the characteristics 696:714 the characteristics of cellulose 696:727 Cellulose nanocrystals were isolated from the exhausted acacia bark (after the industrial process of extracting tannin) with the objective of evaluating the effect of the solvent extraction steps on the characteristics of cellulose and cellulose nanocrystals. 28322957 6 2 from irrelevant 1033:1042 arg1 isolation 1051:1059 the isolation 1047:1059 the isolation of cellulose nanocrystals 1047:1085 It was concluded that the extraction step with solvents was important in the isolation of cellulose, but irrelevant in the isolation of cellulose nanocrystals. 28322957 7 3 theme scattering 1094:1103 arg1 experiments 1105:1115 Light scattering experiments 1088:1115 Light scattering experiments 1088:1115 Light scattering experiments indicated that 30min of hydrolysis was long enough for the isolation of cellulose nanocrystals. 28322957 6 4 from isolation 1051:1059 arg1 irrelevant 1033:1042 irrelevant 1033:1042 irrelevant 1033:1042 It was concluded that the extraction step with solvents was important in the isolation of cellulose, but irrelevant in the isolation of cellulose nanocrystals. 28322957 6 5 theme cellulose 1018:1026 arg1 isolation 1005:1013 the isolation 1001:1013 the isolation of cellulose 1001:1026 It was concluded that the extraction step with solvents was important in the isolation of cellulose, but irrelevant in the isolation of cellulose nanocrystals. 28322957 5 6 theme TGA 888:890 arg1 analyses 918:925 TGA, TEM and light scattering analyses 888:925 TGA, TEM and light scattering analyses 888:925 It was also assessed the effect of acid hydrolysis time on the thermal stability, morphology and size of the nanocrystals, through TGA, TEM and light scattering analyses. 28322957 5 7 theme acid 792:795 arg1 time 808:811 acid hydrolysis time 792:811 acid hydrolysis time 792:811 It was also assessed the effect of acid hydrolysis time on the thermal stability, morphology and size of the nanocrystals, through TGA, TEM and light scattering analyses. 28322957 1 8 from interest 174:181 arg1 research 213:220 technological research 199:220 technological research 199:220 The isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from different lignocellulosic materials has shown increased interest in academic and technological research. 28322957 1 8 from interest 174:181 arg1 academic 186:193 academic 186:193 academic 186:193 The isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from different lignocellulosic materials has shown increased interest in academic and technological research. 28322957 2 9 theme polymer 311:317 arg1 composites 319:328 polymer composites 311:328 polymer composites as well as transparent films for various applications 311:382 These materials have excellent mechanical properties and can be used as nanofillers for polymer composites as well as transparent films for various applications. 28322957 2 10 used used 287:290 arg2 nanofillers 295:305 nanofillers 295:305 nanofillers for polymer composites as well as transparent films for various applications 295:382 These materials have excellent mechanical properties and can be used as nanofillers for polymer composites as well as transparent films for various applications. 28322957 2 10 used used 287:290 arg2 materials 229:237 These materials 223:237 These materials 223:237 These materials have excellent mechanical properties and can be used as nanofillers for polymer composites as well as transparent films for various applications. 28322957 5 11 theme TEM 893:895 arg1 analyses 918:925 TGA, TEM and light scattering analyses 888:925 TGA, TEM and light scattering analyses 888:925 It was also assessed the effect of acid hydrolysis time on the thermal stability, morphology and size of the nanocrystals, through TGA, TEM and light scattering analyses. 28322957 5 12 theme hydrolysis 797:806 arg1 time 808:811 acid hydrolysis time 792:811 acid hydrolysis time 792:811 It was also assessed the effect of acid hydrolysis time on the thermal stability, morphology and size of the nanocrystals, through TGA, TEM and light scattering analyses. 28322957 4 13 theme acacia 553:558 arg1 bark 560:563 the exhausted acacia bark 539:563 the exhausted acacia bark (after the industrial process of extracting tannin) 539:615 Cellulose nanocrystals were isolated from the exhausted acacia bark (after the industrial process of extracting tannin) with the objective of evaluating the effect of the solvent extraction steps on the characteristics of cellulose and cellulose nanocrystals. 28322957 6 14 with step 965:968 arg1 solvents 975:982 solvents 975:982 solvents 975:982 It was concluded that the extraction step with solvents was important in the isolation of cellulose, but irrelevant in the isolation of cellulose nanocrystals. 28322957 1 15 theme technological 199:211 arg1 research 213:220 technological research 199:220 technological research 199:220 The isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from different lignocellulosic materials has shown increased interest in academic and technological research. 28322957 4 16 theme exhausted 543:551 arg1 bark 560:563 the exhausted acacia bark 539:563 the exhausted acacia bark (after the industrial process of extracting tannin) 539:615 Cellulose nanocrystals were isolated from the exhausted acacia bark (after the industrial process of extracting tannin) with the objective of evaluating the effect of the solvent extraction steps on the characteristics of cellulose and cellulose nanocrystals. 28322957 1 17 theme cellulose 90:98 arg1 nanocrystals 100:111 cellulose nanocrystals 90:111 cellulose nanocrystals 90:111 The isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from different lignocellulosic materials has shown increased interest in academic and technological research. 28322957 5 18 theme light 901:905 arg1 scattering 907:916 light scattering 901:916 light scattering 901:916 It was also assessed the effect of acid hydrolysis time on the thermal stability, morphology and size of the nanocrystals, through TGA, TEM and light scattering analyses. 28322957 0 19 theme Cellulose 0:8 arg1 nanocrystals 10:21 Cellulose nanocrystals 0:21 Cellulose nanocrystals from acacia 0:33 Cellulose nanocrystals from acacia bark-Influence of solvent extraction. 28322957 7 20 theme cellulose 1189:1197 arg1 nanocrystals 1199:1210 cellulose nanocrystals 1189:1210 cellulose nanocrystals 1189:1210 Light scattering experiments indicated that 30min of hydrolysis was long enough for the isolation of cellulose nanocrystals. 28322957 2 21 theme transparent 341:351 arg1 films 353:357 transparent films 341:357 polymer composites as well as transparent films for various applications 311:382 These materials have excellent mechanical properties and can be used as nanofillers for polymer composites as well as transparent films for various applications. 28322957 4 22 attach isolated 525:532 arg2 nanocrystals 507:518 Cellulose nanocrystals 497:518 Cellulose nanocrystals 497:518 Cellulose nanocrystals were isolated from the exhausted acacia bark (after the industrial process of extracting tannin) with the objective of evaluating the effect of the solvent extraction steps on the characteristics of cellulose and cellulose nanocrystals. 28322957 4 22 attach isolated 525:532 arg1 bark 560:563 the exhausted acacia bark 539:563 the exhausted acacia bark (after the industrial process of extracting tannin) 539:615 Cellulose nanocrystals were isolated from the exhausted acacia bark (after the industrial process of extracting tannin) with the objective of evaluating the effect of the solvent extraction steps on the characteristics of cellulose and cellulose nanocrystals. 28322957 3 23 theme cellulose 399:407 arg1 isolation 409:417 cellulose isolation 399:417 cellulose isolation 399:417 In this work, cellulose isolation was performed following an environmental friendly procedure without chlorine. 28322957 4 24 theme tannin 609:614 arg1 process 587:593 the industrial process 572:593 the industrial process of extracting tannin 572:614 Cellulose nanocrystals were isolated from the exhausted acacia bark (after the industrial process of extracting tannin) with the objective of evaluating the effect of the solvent extraction steps on the characteristics of cellulose and cellulose nanocrystals. 28322957 1 25 from materials 144:152 arg1 isolation 77:85 The isolation 73:85 The isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from different lignocellulosic materials 73:152 The isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from different lignocellulosic materials has shown increased interest in academic and technological research. 28322957 6 26 theme cellulose 1064:1072 arg1 nanocrystals 1074:1085 cellulose nanocrystals 1064:1085 cellulose nanocrystals 1064:1085 It was concluded that the extraction step with solvents was important in the isolation of cellulose, but irrelevant in the isolation of cellulose nanocrystals. 28322957 7 27 theme hydrolysis 1141:1150 arg1 30min 1132:1136 30min 1132:1136 30min of hydrolysis 1132:1150 Light scattering experiments indicated that 30min of hydrolysis was long enough for the isolation of cellulose nanocrystals. 28322957 4 28 theme steps 687:691 arg1 effect 654:659 the effect 650:659 the effect of the solvent extraction steps on the characteristics of cellulose and cellulose nanocrystals 650:754 Cellulose nanocrystals were isolated from the exhausted acacia bark (after the industrial process of extracting tannin) with the objective of evaluating the effect of the solvent extraction steps on the characteristics of cellulose and cellulose nanocrystals. 28322957 1 29 theme nanocrystals 100:111 arg1 isolation 77:85 The isolation 73:85 The isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from different lignocellulosic materials 73:152 The isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from different lignocellulosic materials has shown increased interest in academic and technological research. 28322957 7 30 theme Light 1088:1092 arg1 experiments 1105:1115 Light scattering experiments 1088:1115 Light scattering experiments 1088:1115 Light scattering experiments indicated that 30min of hydrolysis was long enough for the isolation of cellulose nanocrystals. 28322957 6 31 from important 988:996 arg1 isolation 1005:1013 the isolation 1001:1013 the isolation of cellulose 1001:1026 It was concluded that the extraction step with solvents was important in the isolation of cellulose, but irrelevant in the isolation of cellulose nanocrystals. 28322957 1 32 theme different 118:126 arg1 materials 144:152 different lignocellulosic materials 118:152 different lignocellulosic materials 118:152 The isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from different lignocellulosic materials has shown increased interest in academic and technological research. 28322957 4 33 theme extraction 676:685 arg1 steps 687:691 the solvent extraction steps 664:691 the solvent extraction steps 664:691 Cellulose nanocrystals were isolated from the exhausted acacia bark (after the industrial process of extracting tannin) with the objective of evaluating the effect of the solvent extraction steps on the characteristics of cellulose and cellulose nanocrystals. 28322957 3 34 theme environmental 446:458 arg1 procedure 469:477 an environmental friendly procedure 443:477 an environmental friendly procedure 443:477 In this work, cellulose isolation was performed following an environmental friendly procedure without chlorine. 28322957 6 35 from isolation 1005:1013 arg1 step 965:968 the extraction step 950:968 the extraction step with solvents 950:982 It was concluded that the extraction step with solvents was important in the isolation of cellulose, but irrelevant in the isolation of cellulose nanocrystals. 28322957 6 35 from isolation 1005:1013 arg1 important 988:996 important 988:996 important 988:996 It was concluded that the extraction step with solvents was important in the isolation of cellulose, but irrelevant in the isolation of cellulose nanocrystals. 28322957 4 36 theme Cellulose 497:505 arg1 nanocrystals 507:518 Cellulose nanocrystals 497:518 Cellulose nanocrystals 497:518 Cellulose nanocrystals were isolated from the exhausted acacia bark (after the industrial process of extracting tannin) with the objective of evaluating the effect of the solvent extraction steps on the characteristics of cellulose and cellulose nanocrystals. 28322957 4 37 theme cellulose 719:727 arg1 nanocrystals 743:754 cellulose nanocrystals 733:754 cellulose nanocrystals 733:754 Cellulose nanocrystals were isolated from the exhausted acacia bark (after the industrial process of extracting tannin) with the objective of evaluating the effect of the solvent extraction steps on the characteristics of cellulose and cellulose nanocrystals. 28322957 4 37 theme cellulose 719:727 arg1 characteristics 700:714 the characteristics 696:714 the characteristics of cellulose 696:727 Cellulose nanocrystals were isolated from the exhausted acacia bark (after the industrial process of extracting tannin) with the objective of evaluating the effect of the solvent extraction steps on the characteristics of cellulose and cellulose nanocrystals. 28322957 2 38 contain have 239:242 arg1 materials 229:237 These materials 223:237 These materials 223:237 These materials have excellent mechanical properties and can be used as nanofillers for polymer composites as well as transparent films for various applications. 28322957 2 38 contain have 239:242 arg2 properties 265:274 excellent mechanical properties 244:274 excellent mechanical properties 244:274 These materials have excellent mechanical properties and can be used as nanofillers for polymer composites as well as transparent films for various applications. 28322957 2 38 contain have 239:242 arg1 nanofillers 295:305 nanofillers 295:305 nanofillers for polymer composites as well as transparent films for various applications 295:382 These materials have excellent mechanical properties and can be used as nanofillers for polymer composites as well as transparent films for various applications. 28322957 3 39 theme friendly 460:467 arg1 procedure 469:477 an environmental friendly procedure 443:477 an environmental friendly procedure 443:477 In this work, cellulose isolation was performed following an environmental friendly procedure without chlorine. 28322957 5 40 theme thermal 820:826 arg1 stability 828:836 the thermal stability 816:836 the thermal stability 816:836 It was also assessed the effect of acid hydrolysis time on the thermal stability, morphology and size of the nanocrystals, through TGA, TEM and light scattering analyses. 28322957 5 41 from effect 782:787 arg1 morphology 839:848 morphology 839:848 morphology 839:848 It was also assessed the effect of acid hydrolysis time on the thermal stability, morphology and size of the nanocrystals, through TGA, TEM and light scattering analyses. 28322957 5 41 from effect 782:787 arg1 stability 828:836 the thermal stability 816:836 the thermal stability 816:836 It was also assessed the effect of acid hydrolysis time on the thermal stability, morphology and size of the nanocrystals, through TGA, TEM and light scattering analyses. 28322957 5 41 from effect 782:787 arg1 size 854:857 size 854:857 size 854:857 It was also assessed the effect of acid hydrolysis time on the thermal stability, morphology and size of the nanocrystals, through TGA, TEM and light scattering analyses. 28322957 7 42 theme nanocrystals 1199:1210 arg1 isolation 1176:1184 the isolation 1172:1184 the isolation of cellulose nanocrystals 1172:1210 Light scattering experiments indicated that 30min of hydrolysis was long enough for the isolation of cellulose nanocrystals. 28322957 4 43 theme industrial 576:585 arg1 process 587:593 the industrial process 572:593 the industrial process of extracting tannin 572:614 Cellulose nanocrystals were isolated from the exhausted acacia bark (after the industrial process of extracting tannin) with the objective of evaluating the effect of the solvent extraction steps on the characteristics of cellulose and cellulose nanocrystals. 28322957 1 44 theme lignocellulosic 128:142 arg1 materials 144:152 different lignocellulosic materials 118:152 different lignocellulosic materials 118:152 The isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from different lignocellulosic materials has shown increased interest in academic and technological research. 28322957 0 45 theme solvent 53:59 arg1 extraction 61:70 solvent extraction 53:70 solvent extraction 53:70 Cellulose nanocrystals from acacia bark-Influence of solvent extraction. 28322957 4 46 theme extracting 598:607 arg1 tannin 609:614 extracting tannin 598:614 extracting tannin 598:614 Cellulose nanocrystals were isolated from the exhausted acacia bark (after the industrial process of extracting tannin) with the objective of evaluating the effect of the solvent extraction steps on the characteristics of cellulose and cellulose nanocrystals. 28322957 6 47 theme extraction 954:963 arg1 step 965:968 the extraction step 950:968 the extraction step with solvents 950:982 It was concluded that the extraction step with solvents was important in the isolation of cellulose, but irrelevant in the isolation of cellulose nanocrystals. 28322957 6 47 theme extraction 954:963 arg1 important 988:996 important 988:996 important 988:996 It was concluded that the extraction step with solvents was important in the isolation of cellulose, but irrelevant in the isolation of cellulose nanocrystals. 28322957 2 48 theme excellent 244:252 arg1 properties 265:274 excellent mechanical properties 244:274 excellent mechanical properties 244:274 These materials have excellent mechanical properties and can be used as nanofillers for polymer composites as well as transparent films for various applications. 28322957 2 49 theme mechanical 254:263 arg1 properties 265:274 excellent mechanical properties 244:274 excellent mechanical properties 244:274 These materials have excellent mechanical properties and can be used as nanofillers for polymer composites as well as transparent films for various applications. 28322957 2 50 theme various 363:369 arg1 applications 371:382 various applications 363:382 various applications 363:382 These materials have excellent mechanical properties and can be used as nanofillers for polymer composites as well as transparent films for various applications. 28322957 5 51 theme scattering 907:916 arg1 analyses 918:925 TGA, TEM and light scattering analyses 888:925 TGA, TEM and light scattering analyses 888:925 It was also assessed the effect of acid hydrolysis time on the thermal stability, morphology and size of the nanocrystals, through TGA, TEM and light scattering analyses. 28322957 4 52 dep evaluating 639:648 arg1 objective 626:634 objective 626:634 objective 626:634 Cellulose nanocrystals were isolated from the exhausted acacia bark (after the industrial process of extracting tannin) with the objective of evaluating the effect of the solvent extraction steps on the characteristics of cellulose and cellulose nanocrystals. 28322957 4 52 dep evaluating 639:648 arg1 the 622:624 the 622:624 the 622:624 Cellulose nanocrystals were isolated from the exhausted acacia bark (after the industrial process of extracting tannin) with the objective of evaluating the effect of the solvent extraction steps on the characteristics of cellulose and cellulose nanocrystals. 28322957 5 53 theme time 808:811 arg1 effect 782:787 the effect 778:787 the effect of acid hydrolysis time on the thermal stability, morphology and size of the nanocrystals 778:877 It was also assessed the effect of acid hydrolysis time on the thermal stability, morphology and size of the nanocrystals, through TGA, TEM and light scattering analyses. 28322957 1 54 theme increased 164:172 arg1 interest 174:181 increased interest 164:181 increased interest in academic and technological research 164:220 The isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from different lignocellulosic materials has shown increased interest in academic and technological research. 28322957 4 55 theme solvent 668:674 arg1 steps 687:691 the solvent extraction steps 664:691 the solvent extraction steps 664:691 Cellulose nanocrystals were isolated from the exhausted acacia bark (after the industrial process of extracting tannin) with the objective of evaluating the effect of the solvent extraction steps on the characteristics of cellulose and cellulose nanocrystals. 28322957 0 56 from acacia 28:33 arg1 nanocrystals 10:21 Cellulose nanocrystals 0:21 Cellulose nanocrystals from acacia 0:33 Cellulose nanocrystals from acacia bark-Influence of solvent extraction. 28322957 5 57 theme nanocrystals 866:877 arg1 morphology 839:848 morphology 839:848 morphology 839:848 It was also assessed the effect of acid hydrolysis time on the thermal stability, morphology and size of the nanocrystals, through TGA, TEM and light scattering analyses. 28322957 5 57 theme nanocrystals 866:877 arg1 stability 828:836 the thermal stability 816:836 the thermal stability 816:836 It was also assessed the effect of acid hydrolysis time on the thermal stability, morphology and size of the nanocrystals, through TGA, TEM and light scattering analyses. 28322957 5 57 theme nanocrystals 866:877 arg1 size 854:857 size 854:857 size 854:857 It was also assessed the effect of acid hydrolysis time on the thermal stability, morphology and size of the nanocrystals, through TGA, TEM and light scattering analyses. 28322957 4 58 theme cellulose 733:741 arg1 nanocrystals 743:754 cellulose nanocrystals 733:754 cellulose nanocrystals 733:754 Cellulose nanocrystals were isolated from the exhausted acacia bark (after the industrial process of extracting tannin) with the objective of evaluating the effect of the solvent extraction steps on the characteristics of cellulose and cellulose nanocrystals. 25466131 4 0 theme food 854:857 arg1 antioxidant 859:869 a food antioxidant 852:869 a food antioxidant 852:869 The CYOs scavenged hydroxyl radical by 89.05% at the concentration of 100 μg/mL, indicating that the CYOs may be a viable option for use as a food antioxidant. 25466131 3 1 dep transform 683:691 arg1 infrared 693:700 infrared 693:700 transform infrared spectrum 683:709 The CYOs products were partially characterised by chemical component and Fourier transform infrared spectrum. 25466131 1 2 theme glycosidic 221:230 arg1 bonds 232:236 the glycosidic bonds 217:236 the glycosidic bonds in polysaccharides 217:255 In the present study, the oligosaccharides from Chinese yam were prepared by hydrolysis with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which can cleave the glycosidic bonds in polysaccharides. 25466131 4 3 from concentration 765:777 arg1 % 756:756 89.05% 751:756 89.05% at the concentration of 100 μg/mL 751:790 The CYOs scavenged hydroxyl radical by 89.05% at the concentration of 100 μg/mL, indicating that the CYOs may be a viable option for use as a food antioxidant. 25466131 2 4 theme yam 460:462 arg1 yield 443:447 the yield 439:447 the yield of Chinese yam derived oligosaccharides (CYOs) 439:494 The hydrolysis conditions were optimised by using a central composite design (CCD) as follows: reaction time 4.02 h, temperature 84.35 °C, and H2O2 concentration 2.46%, under which the yield of Chinese yam derived oligosaccharides (CYOs) reached 11.73%, which was consistent with the predicted yield by analysis of the results of CCD (11.89%). 25466131 2 5 theme Chinese 452:458 arg1 yam 460:462 Chinese yam 452:462 Chinese yam derived oligosaccharides (CYOs) 452:494 The hydrolysis conditions were optimised by using a central composite design (CCD) as follows: reaction time 4.02 h, temperature 84.35 °C, and H2O2 concentration 2.46%, under which the yield of Chinese yam derived oligosaccharides (CYOs) reached 11.73%, which was consistent with the predicted yield by analysis of the results of CCD (11.89%). 25466131 1 6 from yam 137:139 arg1 oligosaccharides 107:122 the oligosaccharides 103:122 the oligosaccharides from Chinese yam 103:139 In the present study, the oligosaccharides from Chinese yam were prepared by hydrolysis with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which can cleave the glycosidic bonds in polysaccharides. 25466131 2 7 theme hydrolysis 262:271 arg1 conditions 273:282 The hydrolysis conditions 258:282 The hydrolysis conditions 258:282 The hydrolysis conditions were optimised by using a central composite design (CCD) as follows: reaction time 4.02 h, temperature 84.35 °C, and H2O2 concentration 2.46%, under which the yield of Chinese yam derived oligosaccharides (CYOs) reached 11.73%, which was consistent with the predicted yield by analysis of the results of CCD (11.89%). 25466131 2 8 theme time 362:365 arg1 h 372:372 reaction time 4.02 h 353:372 reaction time 4.02 h 353:372 The hydrolysis conditions were optimised by using a central composite design (CCD) as follows: reaction time 4.02 h, temperature 84.35 °C, and H2O2 concentration 2.46%, under which the yield of Chinese yam derived oligosaccharides (CYOs) reached 11.73%, which was consistent with the predicted yield by analysis of the results of CCD (11.89%). 25466131 0 9 from yam 45:47 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation of oligosaccharides from Chinese yam and their antioxidant activity 0:78 Preparation of oligosaccharides from Chinese yam and their antioxidant activity. 25466131 2 10 theme predicted 542:550 arg1 yield 552:556 the predicted yield 538:556 the predicted yield 538:556 The hydrolysis conditions were optimised by using a central composite design (CCD) as follows: reaction time 4.02 h, temperature 84.35 °C, and H2O2 concentration 2.46%, under which the yield of Chinese yam derived oligosaccharides (CYOs) reached 11.73%, which was consistent with the predicted yield by analysis of the results of CCD (11.89%). 25466131 2 11 with consistent 522:531 arg1 yield 552:556 the predicted yield 538:556 the predicted yield 538:556 The hydrolysis conditions were optimised by using a central composite design (CCD) as follows: reaction time 4.02 h, temperature 84.35 °C, and H2O2 concentration 2.46%, under which the yield of Chinese yam derived oligosaccharides (CYOs) reached 11.73%, which was consistent with the predicted yield by analysis of the results of CCD (11.89%). 25466131 2 12 theme reaction 353:360 arg1 h 372:372 reaction time 4.02 h 353:372 reaction time 4.02 h 353:372 The hydrolysis conditions were optimised by using a central composite design (CCD) as follows: reaction time 4.02 h, temperature 84.35 °C, and H2O2 concentration 2.46%, under which the yield of Chinese yam derived oligosaccharides (CYOs) reached 11.73%, which was consistent with the predicted yield by analysis of the results of CCD (11.89%). 25466131 3 13 theme CYOs 606:609 arg1 products 611:618 The CYOs products 602:618 The CYOs products 602:618 The CYOs products were partially characterised by chemical component and Fourier transform infrared spectrum. 25466131 2 14 theme CCD 588:590 arg1 results 577:583 the results 573:583 the results of CCD 573:590 The hydrolysis conditions were optimised by using a central composite design (CCD) as follows: reaction time 4.02 h, temperature 84.35 °C, and H2O2 concentration 2.46%, under which the yield of Chinese yam derived oligosaccharides (CYOs) reached 11.73%, which was consistent with the predicted yield by analysis of the results of CCD (11.89%). 25466131 4 15 theme μg/mL 786:790 arg1 concentration 765:777 the concentration 761:777 the concentration of 100 μg/mL 761:790 The CYOs scavenged hydroxyl radical by 89.05% at the concentration of 100 μg/mL, indicating that the CYOs may be a viable option for use as a food antioxidant. 25466131 1 16 theme hydrogen 174:181 arg1 H2O2 193:196 H2O2 193:196 H2O2 193:196 In the present study, the oligosaccharides from Chinese yam were prepared by hydrolysis with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which can cleave the glycosidic bonds in polysaccharides. 25466131 1 16 theme hydrogen 174:181 arg1 peroxide 183:190 hydrogen peroxide 174:190 hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) 174:197 In the present study, the oligosaccharides from Chinese yam were prepared by hydrolysis with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which can cleave the glycosidic bonds in polysaccharides. 25466131 1 17 theme present 88:94 arg1 study 96:100 the present study 84:100 the present study 84:100 In the present study, the oligosaccharides from Chinese yam were prepared by hydrolysis with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which can cleave the glycosidic bonds in polysaccharides. 25466131 3 18 theme chemical 652:659 arg1 component 661:669 chemical component 652:669 chemical component 652:669 The CYOs products were partially characterised by chemical component and Fourier transform infrared spectrum. 25466131 2 19 theme results 577:583 arg1 analysis 561:568 analysis 561:568 analysis of the results of CCD 561:590 The hydrolysis conditions were optimised by using a central composite design (CCD) as follows: reaction time 4.02 h, temperature 84.35 °C, and H2O2 concentration 2.46%, under which the yield of Chinese yam derived oligosaccharides (CYOs) reached 11.73%, which was consistent with the predicted yield by analysis of the results of CCD (11.89%). 25466131 2 20 theme temperature 375:385 arg1 °C 393:394 temperature 84.35 °C 375:394 temperature 84.35 °C 375:394 The hydrolysis conditions were optimised by using a central composite design (CCD) as follows: reaction time 4.02 h, temperature 84.35 °C, and H2O2 concentration 2.46%, under which the yield of Chinese yam derived oligosaccharides (CYOs) reached 11.73%, which was consistent with the predicted yield by analysis of the results of CCD (11.89%). 25466131 2 21 theme 84.35 387:391 arg1 °C 393:394 temperature 84.35 °C 375:394 temperature 84.35 °C 375:394 The hydrolysis conditions were optimised by using a central composite design (CCD) as follows: reaction time 4.02 h, temperature 84.35 °C, and H2O2 concentration 2.46%, under which the yield of Chinese yam derived oligosaccharides (CYOs) reached 11.73%, which was consistent with the predicted yield by analysis of the results of CCD (11.89%). 25466131 2 22 dep h 372:372 arg1 % 424:424 2.46% 420:424 2.46% 420:424 The hydrolysis conditions were optimised by using a central composite design (CCD) as follows: reaction time 4.02 h, temperature 84.35 °C, and H2O2 concentration 2.46%, under which the yield of Chinese yam derived oligosaccharides (CYOs) reached 11.73%, which was consistent with the predicted yield by analysis of the results of CCD (11.89%). 25466131 0 23 theme Chinese 37:43 arg1 yam 45:47 Chinese yam 37:47 Chinese yam 37:47 Preparation of oligosaccharides from Chinese yam and their antioxidant activity. 25466131 1 24 from bonds 232:236 arg1 polysaccharides 241:255 polysaccharides 241:255 polysaccharides 241:255 In the present study, the oligosaccharides from Chinese yam were prepared by hydrolysis with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which can cleave the glycosidic bonds in polysaccharides. 25466131 0 25 from activity 71:78 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation of oligosaccharides from Chinese yam and their antioxidant activity 0:78 Preparation of oligosaccharides from Chinese yam and their antioxidant activity. 25466131 2 26 dep consistent 522:531 arg1 % 598:598 11.89% 593:598 11.89% 593:598 The hydrolysis conditions were optimised by using a central composite design (CCD) as follows: reaction time 4.02 h, temperature 84.35 °C, and H2O2 concentration 2.46%, under which the yield of Chinese yam derived oligosaccharides (CYOs) reached 11.73%, which was consistent with the predicted yield by analysis of the results of CCD (11.89%). 25466131 4 27 theme viable 827:832 arg1 option 834:839 a viable option 825:839 a viable option for use as a food antioxidant 825:869 The CYOs scavenged hydroxyl radical by 89.05% at the concentration of 100 μg/mL, indicating that the CYOs may be a viable option for use as a food antioxidant. 25466131 4 27 theme viable 827:832 arg1 CYOs 813:816 the CYOs 809:816 the CYOs 809:816 The CYOs scavenged hydroxyl radical by 89.05% at the concentration of 100 μg/mL, indicating that the CYOs may be a viable option for use as a food antioxidant. 25466131 3 28 dep Fourier 675:681 arg1 transform 683:691 transform 683:691 transform infrared spectrum 683:709 The CYOs products were partially characterised by chemical component and Fourier transform infrared spectrum. 25466131 2 29 theme H2O2 401:404 arg1 concentration 406:418 H2O2 concentration 401:418 H2O2 concentration 401:418 The hydrolysis conditions were optimised by using a central composite design (CCD) as follows: reaction time 4.02 h, temperature 84.35 °C, and H2O2 concentration 2.46%, under which the yield of Chinese yam derived oligosaccharides (CYOs) reached 11.73%, which was consistent with the predicted yield by analysis of the results of CCD (11.89%). 25466131 2 30 theme 11.73 504:508 arg1 % 509:509 11.73% 504:509 11.73% 504:509 The hydrolysis conditions were optimised by using a central composite design (CCD) as follows: reaction time 4.02 h, temperature 84.35 °C, and H2O2 concentration 2.46%, under which the yield of Chinese yam derived oligosaccharides (CYOs) reached 11.73%, which was consistent with the predicted yield by analysis of the results of CCD (11.89%). 25466131 4 31 theme hydroxyl 731:738 arg1 radical 740:746 hydroxyl radical 731:746 hydroxyl radical 731:746 The CYOs scavenged hydroxyl radical by 89.05% at the concentration of 100 μg/mL, indicating that the CYOs may be a viable option for use as a food antioxidant. 25466131 2 32 theme composite 318:326 arg1 CCD 336:338 CCD 336:338 CCD 336:338 The hydrolysis conditions were optimised by using a central composite design (CCD) as follows: reaction time 4.02 h, temperature 84.35 °C, and H2O2 concentration 2.46%, under which the yield of Chinese yam derived oligosaccharides (CYOs) reached 11.73%, which was consistent with the predicted yield by analysis of the results of CCD (11.89%). 25466131 2 32 theme composite 318:326 arg1 design 328:333 a central composite design 308:333 a central composite design (CCD) 308:339 The hydrolysis conditions were optimised by using a central composite design (CCD) as follows: reaction time 4.02 h, temperature 84.35 °C, and H2O2 concentration 2.46%, under which the yield of Chinese yam derived oligosaccharides (CYOs) reached 11.73%, which was consistent with the predicted yield by analysis of the results of CCD (11.89%). 25466131 2 33 theme central 310:316 arg1 CCD 336:338 CCD 336:338 CCD 336:338 The hydrolysis conditions were optimised by using a central composite design (CCD) as follows: reaction time 4.02 h, temperature 84.35 °C, and H2O2 concentration 2.46%, under which the yield of Chinese yam derived oligosaccharides (CYOs) reached 11.73%, which was consistent with the predicted yield by analysis of the results of CCD (11.89%). 25466131 2 33 theme central 310:316 arg1 design 328:333 a central composite design 308:333 a central composite design (CCD) 308:339 The hydrolysis conditions were optimised by using a central composite design (CCD) as follows: reaction time 4.02 h, temperature 84.35 °C, and H2O2 concentration 2.46%, under which the yield of Chinese yam derived oligosaccharides (CYOs) reached 11.73%, which was consistent with the predicted yield by analysis of the results of CCD (11.89%). 25466131 2 34 dep follows 344:350 arg1 h 372:372 reaction time 4.02 h 353:372 reaction time 4.02 h 353:372 The hydrolysis conditions were optimised by using a central composite design (CCD) as follows: reaction time 4.02 h, temperature 84.35 °C, and H2O2 concentration 2.46%, under which the yield of Chinese yam derived oligosaccharides (CYOs) reached 11.73%, which was consistent with the predicted yield by analysis of the results of CCD (11.89%). 25466131 2 34 dep follows 344:350 arg1 °C 393:394 temperature 84.35 °C 375:394 temperature 84.35 °C 375:394 The hydrolysis conditions were optimised by using a central composite design (CCD) as follows: reaction time 4.02 h, temperature 84.35 °C, and H2O2 concentration 2.46%, under which the yield of Chinese yam derived oligosaccharides (CYOs) reached 11.73%, which was consistent with the predicted yield by analysis of the results of CCD (11.89%). 25466131 2 34 dep follows 344:350 arg1 concentration 406:418 H2O2 concentration 401:418 H2O2 concentration 401:418 The hydrolysis conditions were optimised by using a central composite design (CCD) as follows: reaction time 4.02 h, temperature 84.35 °C, and H2O2 concentration 2.46%, under which the yield of Chinese yam derived oligosaccharides (CYOs) reached 11.73%, which was consistent with the predicted yield by analysis of the results of CCD (11.89%). 25466131 1 35 theme Chinese 129:135 arg1 yam 137:139 Chinese yam 129:139 Chinese yam 129:139 In the present study, the oligosaccharides from Chinese yam were prepared by hydrolysis with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which can cleave the glycosidic bonds in polysaccharides. 25466131 0 36 theme antioxidant 59:69 arg1 activity 71:78 their antioxidant activity 53:78 their antioxidant activity 53:78 Preparation of oligosaccharides from Chinese yam and their antioxidant activity. 25466131 0 37 theme oligosaccharides 15:30 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation of oligosaccharides from Chinese yam and their antioxidant activity 0:78 Preparation of oligosaccharides from Chinese yam and their antioxidant activity. 27150678 6 0 theme osteoinductive 690:703 arg1 performance 705:715 osteoinductive performance 690:715 osteoinductive performance 690:715 It showed an ideal releasing profile and excellent osteoconductive and osteoinductive performance in the delivery system. 27150678 1 1 theme bone 155:158 arg1 defects 160:166 teeth segmental bone defects 139:166 teeth segmental bone defects due to its osteoinductive properties 139:203 RhBMP-2 has shown great promise for the reconstruction of teeth segmental bone defects due to its osteoinductive properties. 27150678 7 2 theme bone 887:890 arg1 regeneration 892:903 bone regeneration 887:903 bone regeneration 887:903 Therefore, designing biomaterials with a controllable delivery system composite and releasing profile of rhBMP-2 are critical for applications of bone regeneration and tissue engineering. 27150678 4 3 contain contains 482:489 arg1 RhBMP-2 468:474 RhBMP-2 468:474 RhBMP-2 which contains vanillin and vitriolic acid 468:517 In this study, cross-linkers were replaced with RhBMP-2 which contains vanillin and vitriolic acid, and thus CMs were developed. 27150678 4 3 contain contains 482:489 arg2 vanillin 491:498 vanillin 491:498 vanillin 491:498 In this study, cross-linkers were replaced with RhBMP-2 which contains vanillin and vitriolic acid, and thus CMs were developed. 27150678 4 3 contain contains 482:489 arg2 acid 514:517 vitriolic acid 504:517 vitriolic acid 504:517 In this study, cross-linkers were replaced with RhBMP-2 which contains vanillin and vitriolic acid, and thus CMs were developed. 27150678 0 4 from Research 0:7 arg1 system 50:55 a novel chitosan microsphere/scaffold system 12:55 a novel chitosan microsphere/scaffold system by double crosslinkers 12:78 Research on a novel chitosan microsphere/scaffold system by double crosslinkers. 27150678 3 5 theme delivery 338:345 arg1 system 347:352 a Chitosan Microspheres (CMs) delivery system 308:352 a Chitosan Microspheres (CMs) delivery system 308:352 It is usually loaded in a Chitosan Microspheres (CMs) delivery system with excess single cross-linker and then removed before practice. 27150678 7 6 with biomaterials 762:773 arg1 rhBMP-2 846:852 rhBMP-2 846:852 rhBMP-2 846:852 Therefore, designing biomaterials with a controllable delivery system composite and releasing profile of rhBMP-2 are critical for applications of bone regeneration and tissue engineering. 27150678 7 6 with biomaterials 762:773 arg1 composite 811:819 a controllable delivery system composite and releasing profile 780:841 composite 811:819 Therefore, designing biomaterials with a controllable delivery system composite and releasing profile of rhBMP-2 are critical for applications of bone regeneration and tissue engineering. 27150678 7 6 with biomaterials 762:773 arg1 profile 835:841 a controllable delivery system composite and releasing profile 780:841 profile 835:841 Therefore, designing biomaterials with a controllable delivery system composite and releasing profile of rhBMP-2 are critical for applications of bone regeneration and tissue engineering. 27150678 2 7 theme controled 265:273 arg1 release 275:281 its weak drug controled release 251:281 its weak drug controled release 251:281 But the application of rhBMP-2 is limited by its weak drug controled release. 27150678 1 8 theme due 168:170 arg1 defects 160:166 teeth segmental bone defects 139:166 teeth segmental bone defects due to its osteoinductive properties 139:203 RhBMP-2 has shown great promise for the reconstruction of teeth segmental bone defects due to its osteoinductive properties. 27150678 2 9 theme drug 260:263 arg1 release 275:281 its weak drug controled release 251:281 its weak drug controled release 251:281 But the application of rhBMP-2 is limited by its weak drug controled release. 27150678 6 10 theme excellent 660:668 arg1 osteoconductive 670:684 excellent osteoconductive 660:684 excellent osteoconductive 660:684 It showed an ideal releasing profile and excellent osteoconductive and osteoinductive performance in the delivery system. 27150678 3 11 theme excess 359:364 arg1 cross-linker 373:384 excess single cross-linker 359:384 excess single cross-linker 359:384 It is usually loaded in a Chitosan Microspheres (CMs) delivery system with excess single cross-linker and then removed before practice. 27150678 5 12 theme drug 593:596 arg1 experiments 606:616 drug release experiments 593:616 drug release experiments 593:616 The materials were studied by SEM, FTIR and drug release experiments. 27150678 7 13 theme rhBMP-2 846:852 arg1 rhBMP-2 846:852 rhBMP-2 846:852 rhBMP-2 846:852 Therefore, designing biomaterials with a controllable delivery system composite and releasing profile of rhBMP-2 are critical for applications of bone regeneration and tissue engineering. 27150678 7 13 theme rhBMP-2 846:852 arg1 composite 811:819 a controllable delivery system composite and releasing profile 780:841 composite 811:819 Therefore, designing biomaterials with a controllable delivery system composite and releasing profile of rhBMP-2 are critical for applications of bone regeneration and tissue engineering. 27150678 7 13 theme rhBMP-2 846:852 arg1 profile 835:841 a controllable delivery system composite and releasing profile 780:841 profile 835:841 Therefore, designing biomaterials with a controllable delivery system composite and releasing profile of rhBMP-2 are critical for applications of bone regeneration and tissue engineering. 27150678 3 14 theme single 366:371 arg1 cross-linker 373:384 excess single cross-linker 359:384 excess single cross-linker 359:384 It is usually loaded in a Chitosan Microspheres (CMs) delivery system with excess single cross-linker and then removed before practice. 27150678 7 15 theme delivery 795:802 arg1 system 804:809 a controllable delivery system 780:809 a controllable delivery system 780:809 Therefore, designing biomaterials with a controllable delivery system composite and releasing profile of rhBMP-2 are critical for applications of bone regeneration and tissue engineering. 27150678 5 16 theme release 598:604 arg1 experiments 606:616 drug release experiments 593:616 drug release experiments 593:616 The materials were studied by SEM, FTIR and drug release experiments. 27150678 7 17 theme releasing 825:833 arg1 profile 835:841 a controllable delivery system composite and releasing profile 780:841 profile 835:841 Therefore, designing biomaterials with a controllable delivery system composite and releasing profile of rhBMP-2 are critical for applications of bone regeneration and tissue engineering. 27150678 1 18 theme osteoinductive 179:192 arg1 properties 194:203 its osteoinductive properties 175:203 its osteoinductive properties 175:203 RhBMP-2 has shown great promise for the reconstruction of teeth segmental bone defects due to its osteoinductive properties. 27150678 0 19 theme novel 14:18 arg1 system 50:55 a novel chitosan microsphere/scaffold system 12:55 a novel chitosan microsphere/scaffold system by double crosslinkers 12:78 Research on a novel chitosan microsphere/scaffold system by double crosslinkers. 27150678 7 20 theme system 804:809 arg1 rhBMP-2 846:852 rhBMP-2 846:852 rhBMP-2 846:852 Therefore, designing biomaterials with a controllable delivery system composite and releasing profile of rhBMP-2 are critical for applications of bone regeneration and tissue engineering. 27150678 7 20 theme system 804:809 arg1 composite 811:819 a controllable delivery system composite and releasing profile 780:841 composite 811:819 Therefore, designing biomaterials with a controllable delivery system composite and releasing profile of rhBMP-2 are critical for applications of bone regeneration and tissue engineering. 27150678 1 21 theme great 99:103 arg1 promise 105:111 great promise 99:111 great promise for the reconstruction of teeth segmental bone defects due to its osteoinductive properties 99:203 RhBMP-2 has shown great promise for the reconstruction of teeth segmental bone defects due to its osteoinductive properties. 27150678 6 22 theme releasing 638:646 arg1 profile 648:654 an ideal releasing profile 629:654 an ideal releasing profile 629:654 It showed an ideal releasing profile and excellent osteoconductive and osteoinductive performance in the delivery system. 27150678 1 23 theme defects 160:166 arg1 reconstruction 121:134 the reconstruction 117:134 the reconstruction of teeth segmental bone defects due to its osteoinductive properties 117:203 RhBMP-2 has shown great promise for the reconstruction of teeth segmental bone defects due to its osteoinductive properties. 27150678 6 24 theme ideal 632:636 arg1 profile 648:654 an ideal releasing profile 629:654 an ideal releasing profile 629:654 It showed an ideal releasing profile and excellent osteoconductive and osteoinductive performance in the delivery system. 27150678 0 25 theme microsphere/scaffold 29:48 arg1 system 50:55 a novel chitosan microsphere/scaffold system 12:55 a novel chitosan microsphere/scaffold system by double crosslinkers 12:78 Research on a novel chitosan microsphere/scaffold system by double crosslinkers. 27150678 7 26 theme controllable 782:793 arg1 system 804:809 a controllable delivery system 780:809 a controllable delivery system 780:809 Therefore, designing biomaterials with a controllable delivery system composite and releasing profile of rhBMP-2 are critical for applications of bone regeneration and tissue engineering. 27150678 0 27 theme chitosan 20:27 arg1 system 50:55 a novel chitosan microsphere/scaffold system 12:55 a novel chitosan microsphere/scaffold system by double crosslinkers 12:78 Research on a novel chitosan microsphere/scaffold system by double crosslinkers. 27150678 2 28 theme rhBMP-2 229:235 arg1 application 214:224 the application 210:224 the application of rhBMP-2 210:235 But the application of rhBMP-2 is limited by its weak drug controled release. 27150678 4 29 theme vitriolic 504:512 arg1 acid 514:517 vitriolic acid 504:517 vitriolic acid 504:517 In this study, cross-linkers were replaced with RhBMP-2 which contains vanillin and vitriolic acid, and thus CMs were developed. 27150678 3 30 theme Microspheres 319:330 arg1 system 347:352 a Chitosan Microspheres (CMs) delivery system 308:352 a Chitosan Microspheres (CMs) delivery system 308:352 It is usually loaded in a Chitosan Microspheres (CMs) delivery system with excess single cross-linker and then removed before practice. 27150678 7 31 theme tissue 909:914 arg1 engineering 916:926 tissue engineering 909:926 tissue engineering 909:926 Therefore, designing biomaterials with a controllable delivery system composite and releasing profile of rhBMP-2 are critical for applications of bone regeneration and tissue engineering. 27150678 7 32 theme designing 752:760 arg1 biomaterials 762:773 designing biomaterials 752:773 designing biomaterials with a controllable delivery system composite and releasing profile of rhBMP-2 752:852 Therefore, designing biomaterials with a controllable delivery system composite and releasing profile of rhBMP-2 are critical for applications of bone regeneration and tissue engineering. 27150678 2 33 theme weak 255:258 arg1 release 275:281 its weak drug controled release 251:281 its weak drug controled release 251:281 But the application of rhBMP-2 is limited by its weak drug controled release. 27150678 6 34 theme delivery 724:731 arg1 system 733:738 the delivery system 720:738 the delivery system 720:738 It showed an ideal releasing profile and excellent osteoconductive and osteoinductive performance in the delivery system. 27150678 7 35 theme engineering 916:926 arg1 applications 871:882 applications 871:882 applications of bone regeneration and tissue engineering 871:926 Therefore, designing biomaterials with a controllable delivery system composite and releasing profile of rhBMP-2 are critical for applications of bone regeneration and tissue engineering. 27150678 7 36 theme regeneration 892:903 arg1 applications 871:882 applications 871:882 applications of bone regeneration and tissue engineering 871:926 Therefore, designing biomaterials with a controllable delivery system composite and releasing profile of rhBMP-2 are critical for applications of bone regeneration and tissue engineering. 27150678 3 37 theme Chitosan 310:317 arg1 CMs 333:335 CMs 333:335 CMs 333:335 It is usually loaded in a Chitosan Microspheres (CMs) delivery system with excess single cross-linker and then removed before practice. 27150678 3 37 theme Chitosan 310:317 arg1 Microspheres 319:330 Chitosan Microspheres 310:330 a Chitosan Microspheres (CMs) delivery system 308:352 It is usually loaded in a Chitosan Microspheres (CMs) delivery system with excess single cross-linker and then removed before practice. 27150678 1 38 theme teeth 139:143 arg1 defects 160:166 teeth segmental bone defects 139:166 teeth segmental bone defects due to its osteoinductive properties 139:203 RhBMP-2 has shown great promise for the reconstruction of teeth segmental bone defects due to its osteoinductive properties. 27150678 0 39 theme double 60:65 arg1 crosslinkers 67:78 double crosslinkers 60:78 double crosslinkers 60:78 Research on a novel chitosan microsphere/scaffold system by double crosslinkers. 27150678 1 40 theme segmental 145:153 arg1 defects 160:166 teeth segmental bone defects 139:166 teeth segmental bone defects due to its osteoinductive properties 139:203 RhBMP-2 has shown great promise for the reconstruction of teeth segmental bone defects due to its osteoinductive properties. 26439109 11 0 theme Chemical 1430:1437 arg1 Industry 1439:1446 Chemical Industry 1430:1446 Chemical Industry 1430:1446 © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry. 26439109 6 1 theme fingerprinting 715:728 arg1 analysis 730:737 Peptide mass fingerprinting analysis 702:737 Peptide mass fingerprinting analysis 702:737 Peptide mass fingerprinting analysis yielded 103 amino acid residues, which were identical to cellulases from other species of abalone. 26439109 3 2 theme functional 472:481 arg1 oligosaccharides 483:498 functional oligosaccharides 472:498 functional oligosaccharides 472:498 Thus, it is of interest to obtain cellulase from abalone viscera and investigate its application for preparation of functional oligosaccharides. 26439109 0 3 theme cellulase 76:84 arg1 oligosaccharides 54:69 antioxidant oligosaccharides 42:69 antioxidant oligosaccharides of a cellulase 42:84 Preparation, characterisation and use for antioxidant oligosaccharides of a cellulase from abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) viscera. 26439109 8 4 theme four 1065:1068 arg1 polymerisation 1040:1053 polymerisation 1040:1053 polymerisation 1040:1053 Hydrolysis of seaweed Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharides by the enzyme produced oligosaccharides with degree of polymerisation of two to four, whose monosaccharide composition was 58% galactose, 4% glucose and 38% xylose. 26439109 10 5 theme oligosaccharides 1394:1409 arg1 preparation 1368:1378 preparation 1368:1378 preparation of functional oligosaccharides 1368:1409 CONCLUSION It is feasible and meaningful to utilise cellulase from the viscera of abalone for preparation of functional oligosaccharides. 26439109 3 6 theme oligosaccharides 483:498 arg1 preparation 457:467 preparation 457:467 preparation of functional oligosaccharides 457:498 Thus, it is of interest to obtain cellulase from abalone viscera and investigate its application for preparation of functional oligosaccharides. 26439109 8 7 dep Porphyra 948:955 arg1 haitanensis 957:967 haitanensis 957:967 haitanensis 957:967 Hydrolysis of seaweed Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharides by the enzyme produced oligosaccharides with degree of polymerisation of two to four, whose monosaccharide composition was 58% galactose, 4% glucose and 38% xylose. 26439109 4 8 theme abalone 561:567 arg1 hepatopancreas 543:556 the hepatopancreas 539:556 the hepatopancreas of abalone 539:567 RESULTS A cellulase was purified from the hepatopancreas of abalone by ammonium sulfate precipitation and two-steps column chromatography. 26439109 9 9 theme scavenging 1253:1262 arg1 activity 1264:1271 hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity 1235:1271 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical as well as hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity 1180:1271 The oligosaccharides revealed 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical as well as hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. 26439109 8 10 theme monosaccharide 1077:1090 arg1 composition 1092:1102 composition 1092:1102 composition 1092:1102 Hydrolysis of seaweed Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharides by the enzyme produced oligosaccharides with degree of polymerisation of two to four, whose monosaccharide composition was 58% galactose, 4% glucose and 38% xylose. 26439109 6 11 theme other 812:816 arg1 species 818:824 other species 812:824 other species of abalone 812:835 Peptide mass fingerprinting analysis yielded 103 amino acid residues, which were identical to cellulases from other species of abalone. 26439109 6 12 from species 818:824 arg1 cellulases 796:805 cellulases 796:805 cellulases from other species of abalone 796:835 Peptide mass fingerprinting analysis yielded 103 amino acid residues, which were identical to cellulases from other species of abalone. 26439109 4 13 theme sulfate 581:587 arg1 precipitation 589:601 ammonium sulfate precipitation 572:601 ammonium sulfate precipitation 572:601 RESULTS A cellulase was purified from the hepatopancreas of abalone by ammonium sulfate precipitation and two-steps column chromatography. 26439109 0 14 theme abalone 91:97 arg1 viscera 124:130 abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) viscera 91:130 abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) viscera 91:130 Preparation, characterisation and use for antioxidant oligosaccharides of a cellulase from abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) viscera. 26439109 5 15 theme cellulase 668:676 arg1 kDa 685:687 45 kDa 682:687 45 kDa 682:687 The molecular weight of the cellulase was 45 kDa on SDS-PAGE. 26439109 5 15 theme cellulase 668:676 arg1 weight 654:659 The molecular weight 640:659 The molecular weight of the cellulase 640:676 The molecular weight of the cellulase was 45 kDa on SDS-PAGE. 26439109 6 16 theme mass 710:713 arg1 analysis 730:737 Peptide mass fingerprinting analysis 702:737 Peptide mass fingerprinting analysis 702:737 Peptide mass fingerprinting analysis yielded 103 amino acid residues, which were identical to cellulases from other species of abalone. 26439109 4 17 theme ammonium 572:579 arg1 precipitation 589:601 ammonium sulfate precipitation 572:601 ammonium sulfate precipitation 572:601 RESULTS A cellulase was purified from the hepatopancreas of abalone by ammonium sulfate precipitation and two-steps column chromatography. 26439109 0 18 theme discus 109:114 arg1 hannai 116:121 Haliotis discus hannai 100:121 Haliotis discus hannai 100:121 Preparation, characterisation and use for antioxidant oligosaccharides of a cellulase from abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) viscera. 26439109 0 18 theme discus 109:114 arg1 abalone 91:97 abalone 91:97 abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) viscera 91:130 Preparation, characterisation and use for antioxidant oligosaccharides of a cellulase from abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) viscera. 26439109 9 19 theme hydrogen 1235:1242 arg1 peroxide 1244:1251 hydrogen peroxide 1235:1251 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical as well as hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity 1180:1271 The oligosaccharides revealed 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical as well as hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. 26439109 6 20 theme Peptide 702:708 arg1 analysis 730:737 Peptide mass fingerprinting analysis 702:737 Peptide mass fingerprinting analysis 702:737 Peptide mass fingerprinting analysis yielded 103 amino acid residues, which were identical to cellulases from other species of abalone. 26439109 1 21 theme abalone 154:160 arg1 production 187:196 abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) production 154:196 abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) production 154:196 BACKGROUND In China, abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) production is growing annually. 26439109 0 22 theme Haliotis 100:107 arg1 hannai 116:121 Haliotis discus hannai 100:121 Haliotis discus hannai 100:121 Preparation, characterisation and use for antioxidant oligosaccharides of a cellulase from abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) viscera. 26439109 0 22 theme Haliotis 100:107 arg1 abalone 91:97 abalone 91:97 abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) viscera 91:130 Preparation, characterisation and use for antioxidant oligosaccharides of a cellulase from abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) viscera. 26439109 10 23 theme functional 1383:1392 arg1 oligosaccharides 1394:1409 functional oligosaccharides 1383:1409 functional oligosaccharides 1383:1409 CONCLUSION It is feasible and meaningful to utilise cellulase from the viscera of abalone for preparation of functional oligosaccharides. 26439109 9 24 theme peroxide 1244:1251 arg1 activity 1264:1271 hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity 1235:1271 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical as well as hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity 1180:1271 The oligosaccharides revealed 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical as well as hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. 26439109 7 25 theme specificity 848:858 arg1 analysis 860:867 Substrate specificity analysis 838:867 Substrate specificity analysis 838:867 Substrate specificity analysis indicated that the cellulase is an endo-1,4-β-glucanase. 26439109 3 26 theme abalone 405:411 arg1 viscera 413:419 abalone viscera 405:419 abalone viscera 405:419 Thus, it is of interest to obtain cellulase from abalone viscera and investigate its application for preparation of functional oligosaccharides. 26439109 8 27 with oligosaccharides 1008:1023 arg1 degree 1030:1035 degree 1030:1035 degree of polymerisation of two to four, whose monosaccharide composition was 58% galactose, 4% glucose and 38% xylose 1030:1147 Hydrolysis of seaweed Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharides by the enzyme produced oligosaccharides with degree of polymerisation of two to four, whose monosaccharide composition was 58% galactose, 4% glucose and 38% xylose. 26439109 8 28 theme % 1110:1110 arg1 galactose 1112:1120 58% galactose 1108:1120 58% galactose 1108:1120 Hydrolysis of seaweed Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharides by the enzyme produced oligosaccharides with degree of polymerisation of two to four, whose monosaccharide composition was 58% galactose, 4% glucose and 38% xylose. 26439109 8 29 theme polymerisation 1040:1053 arg1 degree 1030:1035 degree 1030:1035 degree of polymerisation of two to four, whose monosaccharide composition was 58% galactose, 4% glucose and 38% xylose 1030:1147 Hydrolysis of seaweed Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharides by the enzyme produced oligosaccharides with degree of polymerisation of two to four, whose monosaccharide composition was 58% galactose, 4% glucose and 38% xylose. 26439109 10 30 dep CONCLUSION 1274:1283 arg1 meaningful 1304:1313 meaningful 1304:1313 meaningful 1304:1313 CONCLUSION It is feasible and meaningful to utilise cellulase from the viscera of abalone for preparation of functional oligosaccharides. 26439109 10 30 dep CONCLUSION 1274:1283 arg1 feasible 1291:1298 feasible 1291:1298 feasible 1291:1298 CONCLUSION It is feasible and meaningful to utilise cellulase from the viscera of abalone for preparation of functional oligosaccharides. 26439109 1 31 theme Haliotis 163:170 arg1 abalone 154:160 abalone 154:160 abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) production 154:196 BACKGROUND In China, abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) production is growing annually. 26439109 1 31 theme Haliotis 163:170 arg1 hannai 179:184 Haliotis discus hannai 163:184 Haliotis discus hannai 163:184 BACKGROUND In China, abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) production is growing annually. 26439109 5 32 theme molecular 644:652 arg1 kDa 685:687 45 kDa 682:687 45 kDa 682:687 The molecular weight of the cellulase was 45 kDa on SDS-PAGE. 26439109 5 32 theme molecular 644:652 arg1 weight 654:659 The molecular weight 640:659 The molecular weight of the cellulase 640:676 The molecular weight of the cellulase was 45 kDa on SDS-PAGE. 26439109 2 33 theme cellulase 284:292 arg1 viscera 253:259 the viscera 249:259 the viscera 249:259 During industrial processing, the viscera, which are abundant of cellulase, are usually discarded or processed into low-value feedstuff. 26439109 2 33 theme cellulase 284:292 arg1 abundant 272:279 abundant 272:279 abundant 272:279 During industrial processing, the viscera, which are abundant of cellulase, are usually discarded or processed into low-value feedstuff. 26439109 1 34 theme discus 172:177 arg1 abalone 154:160 abalone 154:160 abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) production 154:196 BACKGROUND In China, abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) production is growing annually. 26439109 1 34 theme discus 172:177 arg1 hannai 179:184 Haliotis discus hannai 163:184 Haliotis discus hannai 163:184 BACKGROUND In China, abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) production is growing annually. 26439109 1 35 dep BACKGROUND 133:142 arg1 growing 201:207 growing 201:207 is growing annually 198:216 BACKGROUND In China, abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) production is growing annually. 26439109 7 36 theme Substrate 838:846 arg1 analysis 860:867 Substrate specificity analysis 838:867 Substrate specificity analysis 838:867 Substrate specificity analysis indicated that the cellulase is an endo-1,4-β-glucanase. 26439109 8 37 theme polysaccharides 969:983 arg1 Hydrolysis 926:935 Hydrolysis 926:935 Hydrolysis of seaweed Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharides by the enzyme 926:997 Hydrolysis of seaweed Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharides by the enzyme produced oligosaccharides with degree of polymerisation of two to four, whose monosaccharide composition was 58% galactose, 4% glucose and 38% xylose. 26439109 10 38 theme abalone 1356:1362 arg1 viscera 1345:1351 the viscera 1341:1351 the viscera of abalone for preparation of functional oligosaccharides 1341:1409 CONCLUSION It is feasible and meaningful to utilise cellulase from the viscera of abalone for preparation of functional oligosaccharides. 26439109 8 39 theme % 1124:1124 arg1 glucose 1126:1132 4% glucose 1123:1132 4% glucose 1123:1132 Hydrolysis of seaweed Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharides by the enzyme produced oligosaccharides with degree of polymerisation of two to four, whose monosaccharide composition was 58% galactose, 4% glucose and 38% xylose. 26439109 4 40 dep RESULTS 501:507 arg1 purified 525:532 purified 525:532 was purified from the hepatopancreas of abalone by ammonium sulfate precipitation and two-steps column chromatography 521:637 RESULTS A cellulase was purified from the hepatopancreas of abalone by ammonium sulfate precipitation and two-steps column chromatography. 26439109 8 41 theme 4 1123:1123 arg1 % 1124:1124 % 1124:1124 % 1124:1124 Hydrolysis of seaweed Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharides by the enzyme produced oligosaccharides with degree of polymerisation of two to four, whose monosaccharide composition was 58% galactose, 4% glucose and 38% xylose. 26439109 3 42 from viscera 413:419 arg1 cellulase 390:398 cellulase 390:398 cellulase from abalone viscera 390:419 Thus, it is of interest to obtain cellulase from abalone viscera and investigate its application for preparation of functional oligosaccharides. 26439109 8 43 dep four 1065:1068 arg1 to 1062:1063 to 1062:1063 to 1062:1063 Hydrolysis of seaweed Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharides by the enzyme produced oligosaccharides with degree of polymerisation of two to four, whose monosaccharide composition was 58% galactose, 4% glucose and 38% xylose. 26439109 8 44 theme seaweed 940:946 arg1 polysaccharides 969:983 seaweed Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharides 940:983 seaweed Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharides 940:983 Hydrolysis of seaweed Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharides by the enzyme produced oligosaccharides with degree of polymerisation of two to four, whose monosaccharide composition was 58% galactose, 4% glucose and 38% xylose. 26439109 0 45 theme antioxidant 42:52 arg1 oligosaccharides 54:69 antioxidant oligosaccharides 42:69 antioxidant oligosaccharides of a cellulase 42:84 Preparation, characterisation and use for antioxidant oligosaccharides of a cellulase from abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) viscera. 26439109 6 46 theme acid 757:760 arg1 residues 762:769 103 amino acid residues 747:769 103 amino acid residues 747:769 Peptide mass fingerprinting analysis yielded 103 amino acid residues, which were identical to cellulases from other species of abalone. 26439109 8 47 theme % 1140:1140 arg1 xylose 1142:1147 38% xylose 1138:1147 38% xylose 1138:1147 Hydrolysis of seaweed Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharides by the enzyme produced oligosaccharides with degree of polymerisation of two to four, whose monosaccharide composition was 58% galactose, 4% glucose and 38% xylose. 26439109 6 48 theme amino 751:755 arg1 residues 762:769 103 amino acid residues 747:769 103 amino acid residues 747:769 Peptide mass fingerprinting analysis yielded 103 amino acid residues, which were identical to cellulases from other species of abalone. 26439109 5 49 from kDa 685:687 arg1 SDS-PAGE 692:699 SDS-PAGE 692:699 SDS-PAGE 692:699 The molecular weight of the cellulase was 45 kDa on SDS-PAGE. 26439109 8 50 theme 38 1138:1139 arg1 % 1140:1140 % 1140:1140 % 1140:1140 Hydrolysis of seaweed Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharides by the enzyme produced oligosaccharides with degree of polymerisation of two to four, whose monosaccharide composition was 58% galactose, 4% glucose and 38% xylose. 26439109 6 51 theme abalone 829:835 arg1 species 818:824 other species 812:824 other species of abalone 812:835 Peptide mass fingerprinting analysis yielded 103 amino acid residues, which were identical to cellulases from other species of abalone. 26439109 8 52 theme Porphyra 948:955 arg1 polysaccharides 969:983 seaweed Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharides 940:983 seaweed Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharides 940:983 Hydrolysis of seaweed Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharides by the enzyme produced oligosaccharides with degree of polymerisation of two to four, whose monosaccharide composition was 58% galactose, 4% glucose and 38% xylose. 26439109 0 53 from viscera 124:130 arg1 characterisation 13:28 characterisation 13:28 characterisation 13:28 Preparation, characterisation and use for antioxidant oligosaccharides of a cellulase from abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) viscera. 26439109 0 53 from viscera 124:130 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation, characterisation and use for antioxidant oligosaccharides of a cellulase from abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) viscera. 26439109 0 53 from viscera 124:130 arg1 use 34:36 use 34:36 use 34:36 Preparation, characterisation and use for antioxidant oligosaccharides of a cellulase from abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) viscera. 26439109 8 54 theme 58 1108:1109 arg1 % 1110:1110 % 1110:1110 % 1110:1110 Hydrolysis of seaweed Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharides by the enzyme produced oligosaccharides with degree of polymerisation of two to four, whose monosaccharide composition was 58% galactose, 4% glucose and 38% xylose. 26439109 9 55 theme 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl 1180:1209 arg1 radical 1216:1222 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical 1180:1222 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical as well as hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity 1180:1271 The oligosaccharides revealed 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical as well as hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. 26439109 4 56 theme column 617:622 arg1 chromatography 624:637 two-steps column chromatography 607:637 two-steps column chromatography 607:637 RESULTS A cellulase was purified from the hepatopancreas of abalone by ammonium sulfate precipitation and two-steps column chromatography. 26439109 2 57 theme industrial 226:235 arg1 processing 237:246 industrial processing 226:246 industrial processing 226:246 During industrial processing, the viscera, which are abundant of cellulase, are usually discarded or processed into low-value feedstuff. 26439109 9 58 theme free 1211:1214 arg1 radical 1216:1222 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical 1180:1222 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical as well as hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity 1180:1271 The oligosaccharides revealed 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical as well as hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. 26439109 2 59 theme low-value 335:343 arg1 feedstuff 345:353 low-value feedstuff 335:353 low-value feedstuff 335:353 During industrial processing, the viscera, which are abundant of cellulase, are usually discarded or processed into low-value feedstuff. 26439109 4 60 theme two-steps 607:615 arg1 chromatography 624:637 two-steps column chromatography 607:637 two-steps column chromatography 607:637 RESULTS A cellulase was purified from the hepatopancreas of abalone by ammonium sulfate precipitation and two-steps column chromatography. 28272993 3 0 from mechanism 727:735 arg1 formulations 779:790 the developed formulations 765:790 the developed formulations 765:790 The calculated diffusion exponent (n) values showed that Fickian diffusion was the predominant mechanism of imazethapyr release from the developed formulations. 28272993 1 1 theme controlled 366:375 arg1 devices 395:401 controlled herbicide release devices 366:401 controlled herbicide release devices 366:401 Controlled release formulations of imazethapyr herbicide have been developed employing guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) and guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) as carriers, to assess the suitability of biopolymeric hydrogels as controlled herbicide release devices. 28272993 2 2 from formulations 459:470 arg1 release 432:438 imazethapyr release 420:438 imazethapyr release from the developed formulations 420:470 The kinetics of imazethapyr release from the developed formulations was studied in water and it revealed that the developed formulations of imazethapyr behaved as slow release formulations as compared to commercial formulation. 28272993 2 2 from formulations 459:470 arg1 kinetics 408:415 The kinetics 404:415 The kinetics of imazethapyr release from the developed formulations 404:470 The kinetics of imazethapyr release from the developed formulations was studied in water and it revealed that the developed formulations of imazethapyr behaved as slow release formulations as compared to commercial formulation. 28272993 1 3 theme guar 181:184 arg1 composite 232:240 guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite 181:240 guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) 181:248 Controlled release formulations of imazethapyr herbicide have been developed employing guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) and guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) as carriers, to assess the suitability of biopolymeric hydrogels as controlled herbicide release devices. 28272993 1 3 theme guar 181:184 arg1 hydrogel 280:287 guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel 254:287 guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) 254:296 Controlled release formulations of imazethapyr herbicide have been developed employing guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) and guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) as carriers, to assess the suitability of biopolymeric hydrogels as controlled herbicide release devices. 28272993 1 3 theme guar 181:184 arg1 GG-HG 243:247 GG-HG 243:247 GG-HG 243:247 Controlled release formulations of imazethapyr herbicide have been developed employing guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) and guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) as carriers, to assess the suitability of biopolymeric hydrogels as controlled herbicide release devices. 28272993 1 3 theme guar 181:184 arg1 carriers 301:308 carriers 301:308 carriers 301:308 Controlled release formulations of imazethapyr herbicide have been developed employing guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) and guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) as carriers, to assess the suitability of biopolymeric hydrogels as controlled herbicide release devices. 28272993 4 4 theme loaded 825:830 arg1 t1/2 845:848 t1/2 845:848 t1/2 845:848 Time for release of half of the loaded imazethapyr (t1/2) ranged between 0.06 and 4.8 days in case of GG-NHG and 4.4 and 12.6 days for the GG-HG formulations. 28272993 4 4 theme loaded 825:830 arg1 imazethapyr 832:842 the loaded imazethapyr 821:842 the loaded imazethapyr (t1/2) 821:849 Time for release of half of the loaded imazethapyr (t1/2) ranged between 0.06 and 4.8 days in case of GG-NHG and 4.4 and 12.6 days for the GG-HG formulations. 28272993 6 5 theme nano 1185:1188 arg1 range 1204:1208 nano particle size range 1185:1208 nano particle size range 1185:1208 Guar gum-based biopolymeric hydrogels in both macro and nano particle size range can serve as potential carriers in developing slow release herbicide formulations. 28272993 2 6 theme developed 518:526 arg1 formulations 528:539 the developed formulations 514:539 the developed formulations of imazethapyr 514:554 The kinetics of imazethapyr release from the developed formulations was studied in water and it revealed that the developed formulations of imazethapyr behaved as slow release formulations as compared to commercial formulation. 28272993 1 7 theme herbicide 377:385 arg1 devices 395:401 controlled herbicide release devices 366:401 controlled herbicide release devices 366:401 Controlled release formulations of imazethapyr herbicide have been developed employing guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) and guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) as carriers, to assess the suitability of biopolymeric hydrogels as controlled herbicide release devices. 28272993 1 8 theme gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite 186:216 arg1 composite 232:240 guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite 181:240 guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) 181:248 Controlled release formulations of imazethapyr herbicide have been developed employing guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) and guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) as carriers, to assess the suitability of biopolymeric hydrogels as controlled herbicide release devices. 28272993 1 8 theme gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite 186:216 arg1 hydrogel 280:287 guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel 254:287 guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) 254:296 Controlled release formulations of imazethapyr herbicide have been developed employing guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) and guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) as carriers, to assess the suitability of biopolymeric hydrogels as controlled herbicide release devices. 28272993 1 8 theme gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite 186:216 arg1 GG-HG 243:247 GG-HG 243:247 GG-HG 243:247 Controlled release formulations of imazethapyr herbicide have been developed employing guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) and guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) as carriers, to assess the suitability of biopolymeric hydrogels as controlled herbicide release devices. 28272993 1 8 theme gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite 186:216 arg1 carriers 301:308 carriers 301:308 carriers 301:308 Controlled release formulations of imazethapyr herbicide have been developed employing guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) and guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) as carriers, to assess the suitability of biopolymeric hydrogels as controlled herbicide release devices. 28272993 5 9 theme formulations 997:1008 arg1 WCI 972:974 WCI 972:974 WCI 972:974 Weed control index (WCI) of GG-HG and GG-NHG formulations was similar to that of the commercial formulation and the herbicidal effect was observed for relatively longer period. 28272993 5 9 theme formulations 997:1008 arg1 index 965:969 Weed control index 952:969 Weed control index (WCI) of GG-HG and GG-NHG formulations 952:1008 Weed control index (WCI) of GG-HG and GG-NHG formulations was similar to that of the commercial formulation and the herbicidal effect was observed for relatively longer period. 28272993 2 10 theme release 572:578 arg1 formulations 580:591 slow release formulations 567:591 slow release formulations 567:591 The kinetics of imazethapyr release from the developed formulations was studied in water and it revealed that the developed formulations of imazethapyr behaved as slow release formulations as compared to commercial formulation. 28272993 1 11 theme release 387:393 arg1 devices 395:401 controlled herbicide release devices 366:401 controlled herbicide release devices 366:401 Controlled release formulations of imazethapyr herbicide have been developed employing guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) and guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) as carriers, to assess the suitability of biopolymeric hydrogels as controlled herbicide release devices. 28272993 5 12 theme commercial 1037:1046 arg1 formulation 1048:1058 the commercial formulation 1033:1058 the commercial formulation 1033:1058 Weed control index (WCI) of GG-HG and GG-NHG formulations was similar to that of the commercial formulation and the herbicidal effect was observed for relatively longer period. 28272993 5 13 theme GG-HG 980:984 arg1 formulations 997:1008 GG-HG and GG-NHG formulations 980:1008 GG-HG and GG-NHG formulations 980:1008 Weed control index (WCI) of GG-HG and GG-NHG formulations was similar to that of the commercial formulation and the herbicidal effect was observed for relatively longer period. 28272993 2 14 theme slow 567:570 arg1 formulations 580:591 slow release formulations 567:591 slow release formulations 567:591 The kinetics of imazethapyr release from the developed formulations was studied in water and it revealed that the developed formulations of imazethapyr behaved as slow release formulations as compared to commercial formulation. 28272993 5 15 theme longer 1114:1119 arg1 period 1121:1126 relatively longer period 1103:1126 relatively longer period 1103:1126 Weed control index (WCI) of GG-HG and GG-NHG formulations was similar to that of the commercial formulation and the herbicidal effect was observed for relatively longer period. 28272993 4 16 theme imazethapyr 832:842 arg1 half 813:816 half 813:816 half of the loaded imazethapyr (t1/2) 813:849 Time for release of half of the loaded imazethapyr (t1/2) ranged between 0.06 and 4.8 days in case of GG-NHG and 4.4 and 12.6 days for the GG-HG formulations. 28272993 1 17 theme clay 218:221 arg1 composite 232:240 guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite 181:240 guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) 181:248 Controlled release formulations of imazethapyr herbicide have been developed employing guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) and guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) as carriers, to assess the suitability of biopolymeric hydrogels as controlled herbicide release devices. 28272993 1 17 theme clay 218:221 arg1 hydrogel 280:287 guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel 254:287 guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) 254:296 Controlled release formulations of imazethapyr herbicide have been developed employing guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) and guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) as carriers, to assess the suitability of biopolymeric hydrogels as controlled herbicide release devices. 28272993 1 17 theme clay 218:221 arg1 GG-HG 243:247 GG-HG 243:247 GG-HG 243:247 Controlled release formulations of imazethapyr herbicide have been developed employing guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) and guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) as carriers, to assess the suitability of biopolymeric hydrogels as controlled herbicide release devices. 28272993 1 17 theme clay 218:221 arg1 carriers 301:308 carriers 301:308 carriers 301:308 Controlled release formulations of imazethapyr herbicide have been developed employing guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) and guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) as carriers, to assess the suitability of biopolymeric hydrogels as controlled herbicide release devices. 28272993 3 18 theme developed 769:777 arg1 formulations 779:790 the developed formulations 765:790 the developed formulations 765:790 The calculated diffusion exponent (n) values showed that Fickian diffusion was the predominant mechanism of imazethapyr release from the developed formulations. 28272993 6 19 theme biopolymeric 1144:1155 arg1 carriers 1233:1240 potential carriers 1223:1240 potential carriers in developing slow release herbicide formulations 1223:1290 Guar gum-based biopolymeric hydrogels in both macro and nano particle size range can serve as potential carriers in developing slow release herbicide formulations. 28272993 6 19 theme biopolymeric 1144:1155 arg1 hydrogels 1157:1165 Guar gum-based biopolymeric hydrogels 1129:1165 Guar gum-based biopolymeric hydrogels in both macro and nano particle size range 1129:1208 Guar gum-based biopolymeric hydrogels in both macro and nano particle size range can serve as potential carriers in developing slow release herbicide formulations. 28272993 3 20 from formulations 779:790 arg1 diffusion 697:705 Fickian diffusion 689:705 Fickian diffusion 689:705 The calculated diffusion exponent (n) values showed that Fickian diffusion was the predominant mechanism of imazethapyr release from the developed formulations. 28272993 3 20 from formulations 779:790 arg1 mechanism 727:735 the predominant mechanism 711:735 the predominant mechanism of imazethapyr release from the developed formulations 711:790 The calculated diffusion exponent (n) values showed that Fickian diffusion was the predominant mechanism of imazethapyr release from the developed formulations. 28272993 3 20 from formulations 779:790 arg1 release 752:758 imazethapyr release 740:758 imazethapyr release from the developed formulations 740:790 The calculated diffusion exponent (n) values showed that Fickian diffusion was the predominant mechanism of imazethapyr release from the developed formulations. 28272993 1 21 theme hydrogel 223:230 arg1 composite 232:240 guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite 181:240 guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) 181:248 Controlled release formulations of imazethapyr herbicide have been developed employing guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) and guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) as carriers, to assess the suitability of biopolymeric hydrogels as controlled herbicide release devices. 28272993 1 21 theme hydrogel 223:230 arg1 hydrogel 280:287 guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel 254:287 guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) 254:296 Controlled release formulations of imazethapyr herbicide have been developed employing guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) and guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) as carriers, to assess the suitability of biopolymeric hydrogels as controlled herbicide release devices. 28272993 1 21 theme hydrogel 223:230 arg1 GG-HG 243:247 GG-HG 243:247 GG-HG 243:247 Controlled release formulations of imazethapyr herbicide have been developed employing guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) and guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) as carriers, to assess the suitability of biopolymeric hydrogels as controlled herbicide release devices. 28272993 1 21 theme hydrogel 223:230 arg1 carriers 301:308 carriers 301:308 carriers 301:308 Controlled release formulations of imazethapyr herbicide have been developed employing guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) and guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) as carriers, to assess the suitability of biopolymeric hydrogels as controlled herbicide release devices. 28272993 4 22 theme GG-HG 932:936 arg1 formulations 938:949 the GG-HG formulations 928:949 the GG-HG formulations 928:949 Time for release of half of the loaded imazethapyr (t1/2) ranged between 0.06 and 4.8 days in case of GG-NHG and 4.4 and 12.6 days for the GG-HG formulations. 28272993 0 23 theme biopolymeric 70:81 arg1 hydrogels 83:91 biopolymeric hydrogels 70:91 biopolymeric hydrogels 70:91 Release behavior and bioefficacy of imazethapyr formulations based on biopolymeric hydrogels. 28272993 1 24 theme Controlled 94:103 arg1 formulations 113:124 Controlled release formulations 94:124 Controlled release formulations of imazethapyr herbicide 94:149 Controlled release formulations of imazethapyr herbicide have been developed employing guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) and guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) as carriers, to assess the suitability of biopolymeric hydrogels as controlled herbicide release devices. 28272993 2 25 theme imazethapyr 420:430 arg1 release 432:438 imazethapyr release 420:438 imazethapyr release from the developed formulations 420:470 The kinetics of imazethapyr release from the developed formulations was studied in water and it revealed that the developed formulations of imazethapyr behaved as slow release formulations as compared to commercial formulation. 28272993 3 26 theme imazethapyr 740:750 arg1 release 752:758 imazethapyr release 740:758 imazethapyr release from the developed formulations 740:790 The calculated diffusion exponent (n) values showed that Fickian diffusion was the predominant mechanism of imazethapyr release from the developed formulations. 28272993 6 27 theme herbicide 1269:1277 arg1 formulations 1279:1290 slow release herbicide formulations 1256:1290 slow release herbicide formulations 1256:1290 Guar gum-based biopolymeric hydrogels in both macro and nano particle size range can serve as potential carriers in developing slow release herbicide formulations. 28272993 2 28 from kinetics 408:415 arg1 formulations 459:470 the developed formulations 445:470 the developed formulations 445:470 The kinetics of imazethapyr release from the developed formulations was studied in water and it revealed that the developed formulations of imazethapyr behaved as slow release formulations as compared to commercial formulation. 28272993 1 29 theme release 105:111 arg1 formulations 113:124 Controlled release formulations 94:124 Controlled release formulations of imazethapyr herbicide 94:149 Controlled release formulations of imazethapyr herbicide have been developed employing guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) and guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) as carriers, to assess the suitability of biopolymeric hydrogels as controlled herbicide release devices. 28272993 4 30 theme half 813:816 arg1 release 802:808 release 802:808 release of half of the loaded imazethapyr (t1/2) 802:849 Time for release of half of the loaded imazethapyr (t1/2) ranged between 0.06 and 4.8 days in case of GG-NHG and 4.4 and 12.6 days for the GG-HG formulations. 28272993 6 31 theme release 1261:1267 arg1 formulations 1279:1290 slow release herbicide formulations 1256:1290 slow release herbicide formulations 1256:1290 Guar gum-based biopolymeric hydrogels in both macro and nano particle size range can serve as potential carriers in developing slow release herbicide formulations. 28272993 5 32 theme GG-NHG 990:995 arg1 formulations 997:1008 GG-HG and GG-NHG formulations 980:1008 GG-HG and GG-NHG formulations 980:1008 Weed control index (WCI) of GG-HG and GG-NHG formulations was similar to that of the commercial formulation and the herbicidal effect was observed for relatively longer period. 28272993 0 33 theme imazethapyr 36:46 arg1 formulations 48:59 imazethapyr formulations 36:59 imazethapyr formulations based on biopolymeric hydrogels 36:91 Release behavior and bioefficacy of imazethapyr formulations based on biopolymeric hydrogels. 28272993 5 34 theme Weed 952:955 arg1 WCI 972:974 WCI 972:974 WCI 972:974 Weed control index (WCI) of GG-HG and GG-NHG formulations was similar to that of the commercial formulation and the herbicidal effect was observed for relatively longer period. 28272993 5 34 theme Weed 952:955 arg1 index 965:969 Weed control index 952:969 Weed control index (WCI) of GG-HG and GG-NHG formulations 952:1008 Weed control index (WCI) of GG-HG and GG-NHG formulations was similar to that of the commercial formulation and the herbicidal effect was observed for relatively longer period. 28272993 3 35 theme exponent 657:664 arg1 values 670:675 The calculated diffusion exponent (n) values 632:675 The calculated diffusion exponent (n) values 632:675 The calculated diffusion exponent (n) values showed that Fickian diffusion was the predominant mechanism of imazethapyr release from the developed formulations. 28272993 2 36 theme developed 449:457 arg1 formulations 459:470 the developed formulations 445:470 the developed formulations 445:470 The kinetics of imazethapyr release from the developed formulations was studied in water and it revealed that the developed formulations of imazethapyr behaved as slow release formulations as compared to commercial formulation. 28272993 6 37 theme slow 1256:1259 arg1 formulations 1279:1290 slow release herbicide formulations 1256:1290 slow release herbicide formulations 1256:1290 Guar gum-based biopolymeric hydrogels in both macro and nano particle size range can serve as potential carriers in developing slow release herbicide formulations. 28272993 1 38 theme guar 254:257 arg1 hydrogel 280:287 guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel 254:287 guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) 254:296 Controlled release formulations of imazethapyr herbicide have been developed employing guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) and guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) as carriers, to assess the suitability of biopolymeric hydrogels as controlled herbicide release devices. 28272993 1 38 theme guar 254:257 arg1 composite 232:240 guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite 181:240 guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) 181:248 Controlled release formulations of imazethapyr herbicide have been developed employing guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) and guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) as carriers, to assess the suitability of biopolymeric hydrogels as controlled herbicide release devices. 28272993 1 38 theme guar 254:257 arg1 GG-NHG 290:295 GG-NHG 290:295 GG-NHG 290:295 Controlled release formulations of imazethapyr herbicide have been developed employing guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) and guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) as carriers, to assess the suitability of biopolymeric hydrogels as controlled herbicide release devices. 28272993 1 38 theme guar 254:257 arg1 carriers 301:308 carriers 301:308 carriers 301:308 Controlled release formulations of imazethapyr herbicide have been developed employing guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) and guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) as carriers, to assess the suitability of biopolymeric hydrogels as controlled herbicide release devices. 28272993 3 39 theme Fickian 689:695 arg1 diffusion 697:705 Fickian diffusion 689:705 Fickian diffusion 689:705 The calculated diffusion exponent (n) values showed that Fickian diffusion was the predominant mechanism of imazethapyr release from the developed formulations. 28272993 3 39 theme Fickian 689:695 arg1 mechanism 727:735 the predominant mechanism 711:735 the predominant mechanism of imazethapyr release from the developed formulations 711:790 The calculated diffusion exponent (n) values showed that Fickian diffusion was the predominant mechanism of imazethapyr release from the developed formulations. 28272993 3 40 theme calculated 636:645 arg1 values 670:675 The calculated diffusion exponent (n) values 632:675 The calculated diffusion exponent (n) values 632:675 The calculated diffusion exponent (n) values showed that Fickian diffusion was the predominant mechanism of imazethapyr release from the developed formulations. 28272993 1 41 theme imazethapyr 129:139 arg1 herbicide 141:149 imazethapyr herbicide 129:149 imazethapyr herbicide 129:149 Controlled release formulations of imazethapyr herbicide have been developed employing guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) and guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) as carriers, to assess the suitability of biopolymeric hydrogels as controlled herbicide release devices. 28272993 0 42 theme formulations 48:59 arg1 bioefficacy 21:31 bioefficacy 21:31 bioefficacy 21:31 Release behavior and bioefficacy of imazethapyr formulations based on biopolymeric hydrogels. 28272993 0 42 theme formulations 48:59 arg1 behavior 8:15 behavior 8:15 behavior 8:15 Release behavior and bioefficacy of imazethapyr formulations based on biopolymeric hydrogels. 28272993 1 43 theme biopolymeric 340:351 arg1 hydrogels 353:361 biopolymeric hydrogels 340:361 biopolymeric hydrogels 340:361 Controlled release formulations of imazethapyr herbicide have been developed employing guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) and guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) as carriers, to assess the suitability of biopolymeric hydrogels as controlled herbicide release devices. 28272993 3 44 theme diffusion 647:655 arg1 exponent 657:664 diffusion exponent 647:664 The calculated diffusion exponent (n) values 632:675 The calculated diffusion exponent (n) values showed that Fickian diffusion was the predominant mechanism of imazethapyr release from the developed formulations. 28272993 3 44 theme diffusion 647:655 arg1 n 667:667 n 667:667 n 667:667 The calculated diffusion exponent (n) values showed that Fickian diffusion was the predominant mechanism of imazethapyr release from the developed formulations. 28272993 1 45 theme herbicide 141:149 arg1 formulations 113:124 Controlled release formulations 94:124 Controlled release formulations of imazethapyr herbicide 94:149 Controlled release formulations of imazethapyr herbicide have been developed employing guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) and guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) as carriers, to assess the suitability of biopolymeric hydrogels as controlled herbicide release devices. 28272993 1 46 theme hydrogels 353:361 arg1 suitability 325:335 the suitability 321:335 the suitability of biopolymeric hydrogels as controlled herbicide release devices 321:401 Controlled release formulations of imazethapyr herbicide have been developed employing guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) and guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) as carriers, to assess the suitability of biopolymeric hydrogels as controlled herbicide release devices. 28272993 6 47 theme size 1199:1202 arg1 range 1204:1208 nano particle size range 1185:1208 nano particle size range 1185:1208 Guar gum-based biopolymeric hydrogels in both macro and nano particle size range can serve as potential carriers in developing slow release herbicide formulations. 28272993 6 48 from hydrogels 1157:1165 arg1 range 1204:1208 nano particle size range 1185:1208 nano particle size range 1185:1208 Guar gum-based biopolymeric hydrogels in both macro and nano particle size range can serve as potential carriers in developing slow release herbicide formulations. 28272993 6 48 from hydrogels 1157:1165 arg1 macro 1175:1179 macro 1175:1179 macro 1175:1179 Guar gum-based biopolymeric hydrogels in both macro and nano particle size range can serve as potential carriers in developing slow release herbicide formulations. 28272993 5 49 theme control 957:963 arg1 WCI 972:974 WCI 972:974 WCI 972:974 Weed control index (WCI) of GG-HG and GG-NHG formulations was similar to that of the commercial formulation and the herbicidal effect was observed for relatively longer period. 28272993 5 49 theme control 957:963 arg1 index 965:969 Weed control index 952:969 Weed control index (WCI) of GG-HG and GG-NHG formulations 952:1008 Weed control index (WCI) of GG-HG and GG-NHG formulations was similar to that of the commercial formulation and the herbicidal effect was observed for relatively longer period. 28272993 1 50 theme gum-g-cl-PNIPAm 259:273 arg1 hydrogel 280:287 guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel 254:287 guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) 254:296 Controlled release formulations of imazethapyr herbicide have been developed employing guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) and guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) as carriers, to assess the suitability of biopolymeric hydrogels as controlled herbicide release devices. 28272993 1 50 theme gum-g-cl-PNIPAm 259:273 arg1 composite 232:240 guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite 181:240 guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) 181:248 Controlled release formulations of imazethapyr herbicide have been developed employing guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) and guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) as carriers, to assess the suitability of biopolymeric hydrogels as controlled herbicide release devices. 28272993 1 50 theme gum-g-cl-PNIPAm 259:273 arg1 GG-NHG 290:295 GG-NHG 290:295 GG-NHG 290:295 Controlled release formulations of imazethapyr herbicide have been developed employing guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) and guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) as carriers, to assess the suitability of biopolymeric hydrogels as controlled herbicide release devices. 28272993 1 50 theme gum-g-cl-PNIPAm 259:273 arg1 carriers 301:308 carriers 301:308 carriers 301:308 Controlled release formulations of imazethapyr herbicide have been developed employing guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) and guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) as carriers, to assess the suitability of biopolymeric hydrogels as controlled herbicide release devices. 28272993 2 51 theme commercial 608:617 arg1 formulation 619:629 commercial formulation 608:629 commercial formulation 608:629 The kinetics of imazethapyr release from the developed formulations was studied in water and it revealed that the developed formulations of imazethapyr behaved as slow release formulations as compared to commercial formulation. 28272993 5 52 theme herbicidal 1068:1077 arg1 effect 1079:1084 the herbicidal effect 1064:1084 the herbicidal effect 1064:1084 Weed control index (WCI) of GG-HG and GG-NHG formulations was similar to that of the commercial formulation and the herbicidal effect was observed for relatively longer period. 28272993 6 53 theme potential 1223:1231 arg1 carriers 1233:1240 potential carriers 1223:1240 potential carriers in developing slow release herbicide formulations 1223:1290 Guar gum-based biopolymeric hydrogels in both macro and nano particle size range can serve as potential carriers in developing slow release herbicide formulations. 28272993 6 53 theme potential 1223:1231 arg1 hydrogels 1157:1165 Guar gum-based biopolymeric hydrogels 1129:1165 Guar gum-based biopolymeric hydrogels in both macro and nano particle size range 1129:1208 Guar gum-based biopolymeric hydrogels in both macro and nano particle size range can serve as potential carriers in developing slow release herbicide formulations. 28272993 6 54 theme gum-based 1134:1142 arg1 carriers 1233:1240 potential carriers 1223:1240 potential carriers in developing slow release herbicide formulations 1223:1290 Guar gum-based biopolymeric hydrogels in both macro and nano particle size range can serve as potential carriers in developing slow release herbicide formulations. 28272993 6 54 theme gum-based 1134:1142 arg1 hydrogels 1157:1165 Guar gum-based biopolymeric hydrogels 1129:1165 Guar gum-based biopolymeric hydrogels in both macro and nano particle size range 1129:1208 Guar gum-based biopolymeric hydrogels in both macro and nano particle size range can serve as potential carriers in developing slow release herbicide formulations. 28272993 1 55 theme nano 275:278 arg1 hydrogel 280:287 guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel 254:287 guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) 254:296 Controlled release formulations of imazethapyr herbicide have been developed employing guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) and guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) as carriers, to assess the suitability of biopolymeric hydrogels as controlled herbicide release devices. 28272993 1 55 theme nano 275:278 arg1 composite 232:240 guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite 181:240 guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) 181:248 Controlled release formulations of imazethapyr herbicide have been developed employing guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) and guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) as carriers, to assess the suitability of biopolymeric hydrogels as controlled herbicide release devices. 28272993 1 55 theme nano 275:278 arg1 GG-NHG 290:295 GG-NHG 290:295 GG-NHG 290:295 Controlled release formulations of imazethapyr herbicide have been developed employing guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) and guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) as carriers, to assess the suitability of biopolymeric hydrogels as controlled herbicide release devices. 28272993 1 55 theme nano 275:278 arg1 carriers 301:308 carriers 301:308 carriers 301:308 Controlled release formulations of imazethapyr herbicide have been developed employing guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) and guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) as carriers, to assess the suitability of biopolymeric hydrogels as controlled herbicide release devices. 28272993 2 56 theme imazethapyr 544:554 arg1 formulations 528:539 the developed formulations 514:539 the developed formulations of imazethapyr 514:554 The kinetics of imazethapyr release from the developed formulations was studied in water and it revealed that the developed formulations of imazethapyr behaved as slow release formulations as compared to commercial formulation. 28272993 3 57 theme predominant 715:725 arg1 diffusion 697:705 Fickian diffusion 689:705 Fickian diffusion 689:705 The calculated diffusion exponent (n) values showed that Fickian diffusion was the predominant mechanism of imazethapyr release from the developed formulations. 28272993 3 57 theme predominant 715:725 arg1 mechanism 727:735 the predominant mechanism 711:735 the predominant mechanism of imazethapyr release from the developed formulations 711:790 The calculated diffusion exponent (n) values showed that Fickian diffusion was the predominant mechanism of imazethapyr release from the developed formulations. 28272993 3 58 theme release 752:758 arg1 diffusion 697:705 Fickian diffusion 689:705 Fickian diffusion 689:705 The calculated diffusion exponent (n) values showed that Fickian diffusion was the predominant mechanism of imazethapyr release from the developed formulations. 28272993 3 58 theme release 752:758 arg1 mechanism 727:735 the predominant mechanism 711:735 the predominant mechanism of imazethapyr release from the developed formulations 711:790 The calculated diffusion exponent (n) values showed that Fickian diffusion was the predominant mechanism of imazethapyr release from the developed formulations. 28272993 6 59 theme particle 1190:1197 arg1 range 1204:1208 nano particle size range 1185:1208 nano particle size range 1185:1208 Guar gum-based biopolymeric hydrogels in both macro and nano particle size range can serve as potential carriers in developing slow release herbicide formulations. 28272993 6 60 theme Guar 1129:1132 arg1 carriers 1233:1240 potential carriers 1223:1240 potential carriers in developing slow release herbicide formulations 1223:1290 Guar gum-based biopolymeric hydrogels in both macro and nano particle size range can serve as potential carriers in developing slow release herbicide formulations. 28272993 6 60 theme Guar 1129:1132 arg1 hydrogels 1157:1165 Guar gum-based biopolymeric hydrogels 1129:1165 Guar gum-based biopolymeric hydrogels in both macro and nano particle size range 1129:1208 Guar gum-based biopolymeric hydrogels in both macro and nano particle size range can serve as potential carriers in developing slow release herbicide formulations. 28272993 2 61 theme release 432:438 arg1 kinetics 408:415 The kinetics 404:415 The kinetics of imazethapyr release from the developed formulations 404:470 The kinetics of imazethapyr release from the developed formulations was studied in water and it revealed that the developed formulations of imazethapyr behaved as slow release formulations as compared to commercial formulation. 27737736 2 0 theme released 598:605 arg1 disaccharides 607:619 enzymatic released disaccharides 588:619 enzymatic released disaccharides 588:619 METHODS We report a study from a large cohort of healthy newborns of 2-3days to have a basic profile of total content of urinary UA-GAGs, their composition and structural signatures utilizing a rapid extractive method and sensitive separation of enzymatic released disaccharides by capillary electrophoresis-light induced fluorescence. 27737736 6 1 theme main 1062:1065 arg1 disaccharides 1070:1082 the main CS disaccharides 1058:1082 the main CS disaccharides 1058:1082 Specific ratios between the main CS disaccharides were informative of a significant greater 4-sulfation and charge density for newborn compared to adults. 27737736 10 2 theme sulfate 1669:1675 arg1 groups 1677:1682 sulfate groups 1669:1682 sulfate groups 1669:1682 Moreover, modifications in charge density values as well as the presence of sulfate groups in specific positions may be indicative of altered conditions. 27737736 4 3 theme ~90 894:896 arg1 CS 920:921 CS 920:921 CS 920:921 RESULTS A total of UA-GAGs content of ~35μg/mg creatinine was observed in 331 newborns versus 1.5μg/mg creatinine of adult urine composed of ~90% chondroitin sulfate (CS), ~7% heparan sulfate (HS) and ~3% hyaluronic acid (HA). 27737736 4 3 theme ~90 894:896 arg1 sulfate 911:917 ~90% chondroitin sulfate 894:917 ~90% chondroitin sulfate (CS) 894:922 RESULTS A total of UA-GAGs content of ~35μg/mg creatinine was observed in 331 newborns versus 1.5μg/mg creatinine of adult urine composed of ~90% chondroitin sulfate (CS), ~7% heparan sulfate (HS) and ~3% hyaluronic acid (HA). 27737736 4 4 theme chondroitin 899:909 arg1 CS 920:921 CS 920:921 CS 920:921 RESULTS A total of UA-GAGs content of ~35μg/mg creatinine was observed in 331 newborns versus 1.5μg/mg creatinine of adult urine composed of ~90% chondroitin sulfate (CS), ~7% heparan sulfate (HS) and ~3% hyaluronic acid (HA). 27737736 4 4 theme chondroitin 899:909 arg1 sulfate 911:917 ~90% chondroitin sulfate 894:917 ~90% chondroitin sulfate (CS) 894:922 RESULTS A total of UA-GAGs content of ~35μg/mg creatinine was observed in 331 newborns versus 1.5μg/mg creatinine of adult urine composed of ~90% chondroitin sulfate (CS), ~7% heparan sulfate (HS) and ~3% hyaluronic acid (HA). 27737736 2 5 theme electrophoresis-light 634:654 arg1 fluorescence 664:675 capillary electrophoresis-light induced fluorescence 624:675 capillary electrophoresis-light induced fluorescence 624:675 METHODS We report a study from a large cohort of healthy newborns of 2-3days to have a basic profile of total content of urinary UA-GAGs, their composition and structural signatures utilizing a rapid extractive method and sensitive separation of enzymatic released disaccharides by capillary electrophoresis-light induced fluorescence. 27737736 10 6 from presence 1657:1664 arg1 positions 1696:1704 specific positions 1687:1704 specific positions 1687:1704 Moreover, modifications in charge density values as well as the presence of sulfate groups in specific positions may be indicative of altered conditions. 27737736 6 7 theme density 1149:1155 arg1 informative 1089:1099 informative 1089:1099 informative 1089:1099 Specific ratios between the main CS disaccharides were informative of a significant greater 4-sulfation and charge density for newborn compared to adults. 27737736 7 8 theme mono-sulfated 1266:1278 arg1 disaccharides 1287:1299 the non-sulfated (~64%) and mono-sulfated (~28%) disaccharides 1238:1299 the non-sulfated (~64%) and mono-sulfated (~28%) disaccharides 1238:1299 The HS from newborn urine was mainly composed by the non-sulfated (~64%) and mono-sulfated (~28%) disaccharides. 27737736 3 9 theme adult 737:741 arg1 subjects 743:750 normal adult subjects 730:750 normal adult subjects 730:750 Results were also compared with those obtained from normal adult subjects. 27737736 10 10 theme conditions 1735:1744 arg1 indicative 1713:1722 indicative 1713:1722 indicative 1713:1722 Moreover, modifications in charge density values as well as the presence of sulfate groups in specific positions may be indicative of altered conditions. 27737736 2 11 theme rapid 536:540 arg1 method 553:558 a rapid extractive method 534:558 a rapid extractive method 534:558 METHODS We report a study from a large cohort of healthy newborns of 2-3days to have a basic profile of total content of urinary UA-GAGs, their composition and structural signatures utilizing a rapid extractive method and sensitive separation of enzymatic released disaccharides by capillary electrophoresis-light induced fluorescence. 27737736 6 12 theme greater 1118:1124 arg1 4-sulfation 1126:1136 a significant greater 4-sulfation 1104:1136 a significant greater 4-sulfation 1104:1136 Specific ratios between the main CS disaccharides were informative of a significant greater 4-sulfation and charge density for newborn compared to adults. 27737736 4 13 theme heparan 929:935 arg1 HS 946:947 HS 946:947 HS 946:947 RESULTS A total of UA-GAGs content of ~35μg/mg creatinine was observed in 331 newborns versus 1.5μg/mg creatinine of adult urine composed of ~90% chondroitin sulfate (CS), ~7% heparan sulfate (HS) and ~3% hyaluronic acid (HA). 27737736 4 13 theme heparan 929:935 arg1 sulfate 937:943 ~7% heparan sulfate 925:943 ~7% heparan sulfate (HS) 925:948 RESULTS A total of UA-GAGs content of ~35μg/mg creatinine was observed in 331 newborns versus 1.5μg/mg creatinine of adult urine composed of ~90% chondroitin sulfate (CS), ~7% heparan sulfate (HS) and ~3% hyaluronic acid (HA). 27737736 0 14 theme diagnosis 116:124 arg1 application 126:136 early diagnosis application 110:136 early diagnosis application 110:136 Total and single species of uronic acid-bearing glycosaminoglycans in urine of newborns of 2-3days of age for early diagnosis application. 27737736 2 15 theme sensitive 564:572 arg1 separation 574:583 sensitive separation 564:583 sensitive separation of enzymatic released disaccharides by capillary electrophoresis-light induced fluorescence 564:675 METHODS We report a study from a large cohort of healthy newborns of 2-3days to have a basic profile of total content of urinary UA-GAGs, their composition and structural signatures utilizing a rapid extractive method and sensitive separation of enzymatic released disaccharides by capillary electrophoresis-light induced fluorescence. 27737736 4 16 theme ~3 954:955 arg1 HA 975:976 HA 975:976 HA 975:976 RESULTS A total of UA-GAGs content of ~35μg/mg creatinine was observed in 331 newborns versus 1.5μg/mg creatinine of adult urine composed of ~90% chondroitin sulfate (CS), ~7% heparan sulfate (HS) and ~3% hyaluronic acid (HA). 27737736 4 16 theme ~3 954:955 arg1 acid 969:972 ~3% hyaluronic acid 954:972 ~3% hyaluronic acid (HA) 954:977 RESULTS A total of UA-GAGs content of ~35μg/mg creatinine was observed in 331 newborns versus 1.5μg/mg creatinine of adult urine composed of ~90% chondroitin sulfate (CS), ~7% heparan sulfate (HS) and ~3% hyaluronic acid (HA). 27737736 7 17 theme newborn 1201:1207 arg1 urine 1209:1213 newborn urine 1201:1213 newborn urine 1201:1213 The HS from newborn urine was mainly composed by the non-sulfated (~64%) and mono-sulfated (~28%) disaccharides. 27737736 4 18 theme hyaluronic 958:967 arg1 HA 975:976 HA 975:976 HA 975:976 RESULTS A total of UA-GAGs content of ~35μg/mg creatinine was observed in 331 newborns versus 1.5μg/mg creatinine of adult urine composed of ~90% chondroitin sulfate (CS), ~7% heparan sulfate (HS) and ~3% hyaluronic acid (HA). 27737736 4 18 theme hyaluronic 958:967 arg1 acid 969:972 ~3% hyaluronic acid 954:972 ~3% hyaluronic acid (HA) 954:977 RESULTS A total of UA-GAGs content of ~35μg/mg creatinine was observed in 331 newborns versus 1.5μg/mg creatinine of adult urine composed of ~90% chondroitin sulfate (CS), ~7% heparan sulfate (HS) and ~3% hyaluronic acid (HA). 27737736 1 19 theme BACKGROUND 139:148 arg1 Urine 150:154 BACKGROUND Urine 139:154 BACKGROUND Urine 139:154 BACKGROUND Urine are easily accessible and relatively simple to process and uronic acid-bearing glycosaminoglycans (UA-GAGs) may serve as biomarkers for several diseases, like for mucopolysaccharidosis. 27737736 2 20 theme urinary 463:469 arg1 UA-GAGs 471:477 urinary UA-GAGs 463:477 urinary UA-GAGs 463:477 METHODS We report a study from a large cohort of healthy newborns of 2-3days to have a basic profile of total content of urinary UA-GAGs, their composition and structural signatures utilizing a rapid extractive method and sensitive separation of enzymatic released disaccharides by capillary electrophoresis-light induced fluorescence. 27737736 2 21 theme structural 502:511 arg1 signatures 513:522 structural signatures 502:522 structural signatures utilizing a rapid extractive method and sensitive separation of enzymatic released disaccharides by capillary electrophoresis-light induced fluorescence 502:675 METHODS We report a study from a large cohort of healthy newborns of 2-3days to have a basic profile of total content of urinary UA-GAGs, their composition and structural signatures utilizing a rapid extractive method and sensitive separation of enzymatic released disaccharides by capillary electrophoresis-light induced fluorescence. 27737736 0 22 from Total 0:4 arg1 urine 70:74 urine 70:74 urine 70:74 Total and single species of uronic acid-bearing glycosaminoglycans in urine of newborns of 2-3days of age for early diagnosis application. 27737736 2 23 theme composition 486:496 arg1 content 452:458 total content 446:458 total content of urinary UA-GAGs, their composition and structural signatures utilizing a rapid extractive method and sensitive separation of enzymatic released disaccharides by capillary electrophoresis-light induced fluorescence 446:675 METHODS We report a study from a large cohort of healthy newborns of 2-3days to have a basic profile of total content of urinary UA-GAGs, their composition and structural signatures utilizing a rapid extractive method and sensitive separation of enzymatic released disaccharides by capillary electrophoresis-light induced fluorescence. 27737736 2 24 theme induced 656:662 arg1 fluorescence 664:675 capillary electrophoresis-light induced fluorescence 624:675 capillary electrophoresis-light induced fluorescence 624:675 METHODS We report a study from a large cohort of healthy newborns of 2-3days to have a basic profile of total content of urinary UA-GAGs, their composition and structural signatures utilizing a rapid extractive method and sensitive separation of enzymatic released disaccharides by capillary electrophoresis-light induced fluorescence. 27737736 4 25 theme creatinine 800:809 arg1 content 780:786 UA-GAGs content 772:786 UA-GAGs content of ~35μg/mg creatinine 772:809 RESULTS A total of UA-GAGs content of ~35μg/mg creatinine was observed in 331 newborns versus 1.5μg/mg creatinine of adult urine composed of ~90% chondroitin sulfate (CS), ~7% heparan sulfate (HS) and ~3% hyaluronic acid (HA). 27737736 10 26 theme charge 1620:1625 arg1 values 1635:1640 charge density values 1620:1640 charge density values as well as the presence of sulfate groups in specific positions 1620:1704 Moreover, modifications in charge density values as well as the presence of sulfate groups in specific positions may be indicative of altered conditions. 27737736 2 27 theme basic 429:433 arg1 profile 435:441 a basic profile 427:441 a basic profile of total content of urinary UA-GAGs, their composition and structural signatures utilizing a rapid extractive method and sensitive separation of enzymatic released disaccharides by capillary electrophoresis-light induced fluorescence 427:675 METHODS We report a study from a large cohort of healthy newborns of 2-3days to have a basic profile of total content of urinary UA-GAGs, their composition and structural signatures utilizing a rapid extractive method and sensitive separation of enzymatic released disaccharides by capillary electrophoresis-light induced fluorescence. 27737736 2 28 theme large 375:379 arg1 cohort 381:386 a large cohort 373:386 a large cohort of healthy newborns of 2-3days 373:417 METHODS We report a study from a large cohort of healthy newborns of 2-3days to have a basic profile of total content of urinary UA-GAGs, their composition and structural signatures utilizing a rapid extractive method and sensitive separation of enzymatic released disaccharides by capillary electrophoresis-light induced fluorescence. 27737736 4 29 theme adult 870:874 arg1 urine 876:880 adult urine 870:880 adult urine composed of ~90% chondroitin sulfate (CS), ~7% heparan sulfate (HS) and ~3% hyaluronic acid (HA) 870:977 RESULTS A total of UA-GAGs content of ~35μg/mg creatinine was observed in 331 newborns versus 1.5μg/mg creatinine of adult urine composed of ~90% chondroitin sulfate (CS), ~7% heparan sulfate (HS) and ~3% hyaluronic acid (HA). 27737736 4 30 theme UA-GAGs 772:778 arg1 content 780:786 UA-GAGs content 772:786 UA-GAGs content of ~35μg/mg creatinine 772:809 RESULTS A total of UA-GAGs content of ~35μg/mg creatinine was observed in 331 newborns versus 1.5μg/mg creatinine of adult urine composed of ~90% chondroitin sulfate (CS), ~7% heparan sulfate (HS) and ~3% hyaluronic acid (HA). 27737736 2 31 theme 2-3days 411:417 arg1 newborns 399:406 healthy newborns 391:406 healthy newborns of 2-3days 391:417 METHODS We report a study from a large cohort of healthy newborns of 2-3days to have a basic profile of total content of urinary UA-GAGs, their composition and structural signatures utilizing a rapid extractive method and sensitive separation of enzymatic released disaccharides by capillary electrophoresis-light induced fluorescence. 27737736 0 32 theme single 10:15 arg1 species 17:23 single species 10:23 single species 10:23 Total and single species of uronic acid-bearing glycosaminoglycans in urine of newborns of 2-3days of age for early diagnosis application. 27737736 2 33 theme content 452:458 arg1 profile 435:441 a basic profile 427:441 a basic profile of total content of urinary UA-GAGs, their composition and structural signatures utilizing a rapid extractive method and sensitive separation of enzymatic released disaccharides by capillary electrophoresis-light induced fluorescence 427:675 METHODS We report a study from a large cohort of healthy newborns of 2-3days to have a basic profile of total content of urinary UA-GAGs, their composition and structural signatures utilizing a rapid extractive method and sensitive separation of enzymatic released disaccharides by capillary electrophoresis-light induced fluorescence. 27737736 8 34 theme adult 1350:1354 arg1 urine 1356:1360 adult urine 1350:1360 adult urine 1350:1360 No significant differences were observed versus adult urine. 27737736 2 35 theme newborns 399:406 arg1 cohort 381:386 a large cohort 373:386 a large cohort of healthy newborns of 2-3days 373:417 METHODS We report a study from a large cohort of healthy newborns of 2-3days to have a basic profile of total content of urinary UA-GAGs, their composition and structural signatures utilizing a rapid extractive method and sensitive separation of enzymatic released disaccharides by capillary electrophoresis-light induced fluorescence. 27737736 10 36 from modifications 1603:1615 arg1 presence 1657:1664 the presence 1653:1664 charge density values as well as the presence of sulfate groups in specific positions 1620:1704 Moreover, modifications in charge density values as well as the presence of sulfate groups in specific positions may be indicative of altered conditions. 27737736 10 36 from modifications 1603:1615 arg1 values 1635:1640 charge density values 1620:1640 charge density values as well as the presence of sulfate groups in specific positions 1620:1704 Moreover, modifications in charge density values as well as the presence of sulfate groups in specific positions may be indicative of altered conditions. 27737736 10 37 attach presence 1657:1664 arg2 groups 1677:1682 sulfate groups 1669:1682 sulfate groups 1669:1682 Moreover, modifications in charge density values as well as the presence of sulfate groups in specific positions may be indicative of altered conditions. 27737736 10 37 attach presence 1657:1664 arg1 positions 1696:1704 specific positions 1687:1704 specific positions 1687:1704 Moreover, modifications in charge density values as well as the presence of sulfate groups in specific positions may be indicative of altered conditions. 27737736 0 38 theme acid-bearing 35:46 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 48:65 uronic acid-bearing glycosaminoglycans 28:65 uronic acid-bearing glycosaminoglycans in urine 28:74 Total and single species of uronic acid-bearing glycosaminoglycans in urine of newborns of 2-3days of age for early diagnosis application. 27737736 9 39 from changes 1413:1419 arg1 structure 1453:1461 their structure 1447:1461 their structure 1447:1461 CONCLUSIONS The present method is able to measure changes in UA-GAG composition and their structure independently of the age of subjects and rapidly applicable to the newborn diagnosis without necessity to have creatinine levels. 27737736 9 39 from changes 1413:1419 arg1 composition 1431:1441 UA-GAG composition 1424:1441 UA-GAG composition 1424:1441 CONCLUSIONS The present method is able to measure changes in UA-GAG composition and their structure independently of the age of subjects and rapidly applicable to the newborn diagnosis without necessity to have creatinine levels. 27737736 1 40 theme uronic 215:220 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 235:252 relatively simple to process and uronic acid-bearing glycosaminoglycans 182:252 relatively simple to process and uronic acid-bearing glycosaminoglycans (UA-GAGs) 182:262 BACKGROUND Urine are easily accessible and relatively simple to process and uronic acid-bearing glycosaminoglycans (UA-GAGs) may serve as biomarkers for several diseases, like for mucopolysaccharidosis. 27737736 1 40 theme uronic 215:220 arg1 biomarkers 277:286 biomarkers 277:286 biomarkers for several diseases, like for mucopolysaccharidosis 277:339 BACKGROUND Urine are easily accessible and relatively simple to process and uronic acid-bearing glycosaminoglycans (UA-GAGs) may serve as biomarkers for several diseases, like for mucopolysaccharidosis. 27737736 1 40 theme uronic 215:220 arg1 UA-GAGs 255:261 UA-GAGs 255:261 UA-GAGs 255:261 BACKGROUND Urine are easily accessible and relatively simple to process and uronic acid-bearing glycosaminoglycans (UA-GAGs) may serve as biomarkers for several diseases, like for mucopolysaccharidosis. 27737736 10 41 from values 1635:1640 arg1 positions 1696:1704 specific positions 1687:1704 specific positions 1687:1704 Moreover, modifications in charge density values as well as the presence of sulfate groups in specific positions may be indicative of altered conditions. 27737736 10 42 theme density 1627:1633 arg1 values 1635:1640 charge density values 1620:1640 charge density values as well as the presence of sulfate groups in specific positions 1620:1704 Moreover, modifications in charge density values as well as the presence of sulfate groups in specific positions may be indicative of altered conditions. 27737736 10 43 theme specific 1687:1694 arg1 positions 1696:1704 specific positions 1687:1704 specific positions 1687:1704 Moreover, modifications in charge density values as well as the presence of sulfate groups in specific positions may be indicative of altered conditions. 27737736 6 44 theme CS 1067:1068 arg1 disaccharides 1070:1082 the main CS disaccharides 1058:1082 the main CS disaccharides 1058:1082 Specific ratios between the main CS disaccharides were informative of a significant greater 4-sulfation and charge density for newborn compared to adults. 27737736 3 45 theme normal 730:735 arg1 subjects 743:750 normal adult subjects 730:750 normal adult subjects 730:750 Results were also compared with those obtained from normal adult subjects. 27737736 10 46 theme groups 1677:1682 arg1 presence 1657:1664 the presence 1653:1664 charge density values as well as the presence of sulfate groups in specific positions 1620:1704 Moreover, modifications in charge density values as well as the presence of sulfate groups in specific positions may be indicative of altered conditions. 27737736 10 46 theme groups 1677:1682 arg1 values 1635:1640 charge density values 1620:1640 charge density values as well as the presence of sulfate groups in specific positions 1620:1704 Moreover, modifications in charge density values as well as the presence of sulfate groups in specific positions may be indicative of altered conditions. 27737736 2 47 theme enzymatic 588:596 arg1 disaccharides 607:619 enzymatic released disaccharides 588:619 enzymatic released disaccharides 588:619 METHODS We report a study from a large cohort of healthy newborns of 2-3days to have a basic profile of total content of urinary UA-GAGs, their composition and structural signatures utilizing a rapid extractive method and sensitive separation of enzymatic released disaccharides by capillary electrophoresis-light induced fluorescence. 27737736 7 48 from urine 1209:1213 arg1 HS 1193:1194 The HS 1189:1194 The HS from newborn urine 1189:1213 The HS from newborn urine was mainly composed by the non-sulfated (~64%) and mono-sulfated (~28%) disaccharides. 27737736 4 49 located observed 815:822 arg2 RESULTS 753:759 RESULTS 753:759 RESULTS A total of UA-GAGs content of ~35μg/mg creatinine 753:809 RESULTS A total of UA-GAGs content of ~35μg/mg creatinine was observed in 331 newborns versus 1.5μg/mg creatinine of adult urine composed of ~90% chondroitin sulfate (CS), ~7% heparan sulfate (HS) and ~3% hyaluronic acid (HA). 27737736 4 49 located observed 815:822 arg1 newborns 831:838 331 newborns 827:838 331 newborns 827:838 RESULTS A total of UA-GAGs content of ~35μg/mg creatinine was observed in 331 newborns versus 1.5μg/mg creatinine of adult urine composed of ~90% chondroitin sulfate (CS), ~7% heparan sulfate (HS) and ~3% hyaluronic acid (HA). 27737736 4 49 located observed 815:822 arg1 creatinine 856:865 1.5μg/mg creatinine 847:865 1.5μg/mg creatinine 847:865 RESULTS A total of UA-GAGs content of ~35μg/mg creatinine was observed in 331 newborns versus 1.5μg/mg creatinine of adult urine composed of ~90% chondroitin sulfate (CS), ~7% heparan sulfate (HS) and ~3% hyaluronic acid (HA). 27737736 9 50 theme present 1379:1385 arg1 able 1397:1400 able 1397:1400 able 1397:1400 CONCLUSIONS The present method is able to measure changes in UA-GAG composition and their structure independently of the age of subjects and rapidly applicable to the newborn diagnosis without necessity to have creatinine levels. 27737736 9 50 theme present 1379:1385 arg1 method 1387:1392 The present method 1375:1392 The present method 1375:1392 CONCLUSIONS The present method is able to measure changes in UA-GAG composition and their structure independently of the age of subjects and rapidly applicable to the newborn diagnosis without necessity to have creatinine levels. 27737736 4 51 theme % 897:897 arg1 CS 920:921 CS 920:921 CS 920:921 RESULTS A total of UA-GAGs content of ~35μg/mg creatinine was observed in 331 newborns versus 1.5μg/mg creatinine of adult urine composed of ~90% chondroitin sulfate (CS), ~7% heparan sulfate (HS) and ~3% hyaluronic acid (HA). 27737736 4 51 theme % 897:897 arg1 sulfate 911:917 ~90% chondroitin sulfate 894:917 ~90% chondroitin sulfate (CS) 894:922 RESULTS A total of UA-GAGs content of ~35μg/mg creatinine was observed in 331 newborns versus 1.5μg/mg creatinine of adult urine composed of ~90% chondroitin sulfate (CS), ~7% heparan sulfate (HS) and ~3% hyaluronic acid (HA). 27737736 2 52 theme capillary 624:632 arg1 fluorescence 664:675 capillary electrophoresis-light induced fluorescence 624:675 capillary electrophoresis-light induced fluorescence 624:675 METHODS We report a study from a large cohort of healthy newborns of 2-3days to have a basic profile of total content of urinary UA-GAGs, their composition and structural signatures utilizing a rapid extractive method and sensitive separation of enzymatic released disaccharides by capillary electrophoresis-light induced fluorescence. 27737736 6 53 theme charge 1142:1147 arg1 density 1149:1155 charge density 1142:1155 charge density 1142:1155 Specific ratios between the main CS disaccharides were informative of a significant greater 4-sulfation and charge density for newborn compared to adults. 27737736 2 54 theme disaccharides 607:619 arg1 method 553:558 a rapid extractive method 534:558 a rapid extractive method 534:558 METHODS We report a study from a large cohort of healthy newborns of 2-3days to have a basic profile of total content of urinary UA-GAGs, their composition and structural signatures utilizing a rapid extractive method and sensitive separation of enzymatic released disaccharides by capillary electrophoresis-light induced fluorescence. 27737736 2 54 theme disaccharides 607:619 arg1 separation 574:583 sensitive separation 564:583 sensitive separation of enzymatic released disaccharides by capillary electrophoresis-light induced fluorescence 564:675 METHODS We report a study from a large cohort of healthy newborns of 2-3days to have a basic profile of total content of urinary UA-GAGs, their composition and structural signatures utilizing a rapid extractive method and sensitive separation of enzymatic released disaccharides by capillary electrophoresis-light induced fluorescence. 27737736 6 55 theme 4-sulfation 1126:1136 arg1 informative 1089:1099 informative 1089:1099 informative 1089:1099 Specific ratios between the main CS disaccharides were informative of a significant greater 4-sulfation and charge density for newborn compared to adults. 27737736 0 56 theme early 110:114 arg1 application 126:136 early diagnosis application 110:136 early diagnosis application 110:136 Total and single species of uronic acid-bearing glycosaminoglycans in urine of newborns of 2-3days of age for early diagnosis application. 27737736 10 57 theme altered 1727:1733 arg1 conditions 1735:1744 altered conditions 1727:1744 altered conditions 1727:1744 Moreover, modifications in charge density values as well as the presence of sulfate groups in specific positions may be indicative of altered conditions. 27737736 1 58 theme simple 193:198 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 235:252 relatively simple to process and uronic acid-bearing glycosaminoglycans 182:252 relatively simple to process and uronic acid-bearing glycosaminoglycans (UA-GAGs) 182:262 BACKGROUND Urine are easily accessible and relatively simple to process and uronic acid-bearing glycosaminoglycans (UA-GAGs) may serve as biomarkers for several diseases, like for mucopolysaccharidosis. 27737736 1 58 theme simple 193:198 arg1 biomarkers 277:286 biomarkers 277:286 biomarkers for several diseases, like for mucopolysaccharidosis 277:339 BACKGROUND Urine are easily accessible and relatively simple to process and uronic acid-bearing glycosaminoglycans (UA-GAGs) may serve as biomarkers for several diseases, like for mucopolysaccharidosis. 27737736 1 58 theme simple 193:198 arg1 UA-GAGs 255:261 UA-GAGs 255:261 UA-GAGs 255:261 BACKGROUND Urine are easily accessible and relatively simple to process and uronic acid-bearing glycosaminoglycans (UA-GAGs) may serve as biomarkers for several diseases, like for mucopolysaccharidosis. 27737736 6 59 theme significant 1106:1116 arg1 4-sulfation 1126:1136 a significant greater 4-sulfation 1104:1136 a significant greater 4-sulfation 1104:1136 Specific ratios between the main CS disaccharides were informative of a significant greater 4-sulfation and charge density for newborn compared to adults. 27737736 9 60 theme UA-GAG 1424:1429 arg1 composition 1431:1441 UA-GAG composition 1424:1441 UA-GAG composition 1424:1441 CONCLUSIONS The present method is able to measure changes in UA-GAG composition and their structure independently of the age of subjects and rapidly applicable to the newborn diagnosis without necessity to have creatinine levels. 27737736 4 61 theme % 927:927 arg1 HS 946:947 HS 946:947 HS 946:947 RESULTS A total of UA-GAGs content of ~35μg/mg creatinine was observed in 331 newborns versus 1.5μg/mg creatinine of adult urine composed of ~90% chondroitin sulfate (CS), ~7% heparan sulfate (HS) and ~3% hyaluronic acid (HA). 27737736 4 61 theme % 927:927 arg1 sulfate 937:943 ~7% heparan sulfate 925:943 ~7% heparan sulfate (HS) 925:948 RESULTS A total of UA-GAGs content of ~35μg/mg creatinine was observed in 331 newborns versus 1.5μg/mg creatinine of adult urine composed of ~90% chondroitin sulfate (CS), ~7% heparan sulfate (HS) and ~3% hyaluronic acid (HA). 27737736 0 62 from urine 70:74 arg1 Total 0:4 Total 0:4 Total 0:4 Total and single species of uronic acid-bearing glycosaminoglycans in urine of newborns of 2-3days of age for early diagnosis application. 27737736 0 62 from urine 70:74 arg1 species 17:23 single species 10:23 single species 10:23 Total and single species of uronic acid-bearing glycosaminoglycans in urine of newborns of 2-3days of age for early diagnosis application. 27737736 4 63 theme ~7 925:926 arg1 HS 946:947 HS 946:947 HS 946:947 RESULTS A total of UA-GAGs content of ~35μg/mg creatinine was observed in 331 newborns versus 1.5μg/mg creatinine of adult urine composed of ~90% chondroitin sulfate (CS), ~7% heparan sulfate (HS) and ~3% hyaluronic acid (HA). 27737736 4 63 theme ~7 925:926 arg1 sulfate 937:943 ~7% heparan sulfate 925:943 ~7% heparan sulfate (HS) 925:948 RESULTS A total of UA-GAGs content of ~35μg/mg creatinine was observed in 331 newborns versus 1.5μg/mg creatinine of adult urine composed of ~90% chondroitin sulfate (CS), ~7% heparan sulfate (HS) and ~3% hyaluronic acid (HA). 27737736 2 64 theme extractive 542:551 arg1 method 553:558 a rapid extractive method 534:558 a rapid extractive method 534:558 METHODS We report a study from a large cohort of healthy newborns of 2-3days to have a basic profile of total content of urinary UA-GAGs, their composition and structural signatures utilizing a rapid extractive method and sensitive separation of enzymatic released disaccharides by capillary electrophoresis-light induced fluorescence. 27737736 9 65 dep CONCLUSIONS 1363:1373 arg1 applicable 1512:1521 applicable 1512:1521 applicable 1512:1521 CONCLUSIONS The present method is able to measure changes in UA-GAG composition and their structure independently of the age of subjects and rapidly applicable to the newborn diagnosis without necessity to have creatinine levels. 27737736 9 65 dep CONCLUSIONS 1363:1373 arg1 able 1397:1400 able 1397:1400 able 1397:1400 CONCLUSIONS The present method is able to measure changes in UA-GAG composition and their structure independently of the age of subjects and rapidly applicable to the newborn diagnosis without necessity to have creatinine levels. 27737736 9 65 dep CONCLUSIONS 1363:1373 arg1 method 1387:1392 The present method 1375:1392 The present method 1375:1392 CONCLUSIONS The present method is able to measure changes in UA-GAG composition and their structure independently of the age of subjects and rapidly applicable to the newborn diagnosis without necessity to have creatinine levels. 27737736 2 66 theme UA-GAGs 471:477 arg1 content 452:458 total content 446:458 total content of urinary UA-GAGs, their composition and structural signatures utilizing a rapid extractive method and sensitive separation of enzymatic released disaccharides by capillary electrophoresis-light induced fluorescence 446:675 METHODS We report a study from a large cohort of healthy newborns of 2-3days to have a basic profile of total content of urinary UA-GAGs, their composition and structural signatures utilizing a rapid extractive method and sensitive separation of enzymatic released disaccharides by capillary electrophoresis-light induced fluorescence. 27737736 0 67 from species 17:23 arg1 urine 70:74 urine 70:74 urine 70:74 Total and single species of uronic acid-bearing glycosaminoglycans in urine of newborns of 2-3days of age for early diagnosis application. 27737736 0 68 theme newborns 79:86 arg1 Total 0:4 Total 0:4 Total 0:4 Total and single species of uronic acid-bearing glycosaminoglycans in urine of newborns of 2-3days of age for early diagnosis application. 27737736 0 68 theme newborns 79:86 arg1 species 17:23 single species 10:23 single species 10:23 Total and single species of uronic acid-bearing glycosaminoglycans in urine of newborns of 2-3days of age for early diagnosis application. 27737736 4 69 theme % 956:956 arg1 HA 975:976 HA 975:976 HA 975:976 RESULTS A total of UA-GAGs content of ~35μg/mg creatinine was observed in 331 newborns versus 1.5μg/mg creatinine of adult urine composed of ~90% chondroitin sulfate (CS), ~7% heparan sulfate (HS) and ~3% hyaluronic acid (HA). 27737736 4 69 theme % 956:956 arg1 acid 969:972 ~3% hyaluronic acid 954:972 ~3% hyaluronic acid (HA) 954:977 RESULTS A total of UA-GAGs content of ~35μg/mg creatinine was observed in 331 newborns versus 1.5μg/mg creatinine of adult urine composed of ~90% chondroitin sulfate (CS), ~7% heparan sulfate (HS) and ~3% hyaluronic acid (HA). 27737736 0 70 theme 2-3days 91:97 arg1 newborns 79:86 newborns 79:86 newborns of 2-3days of age for early diagnosis application 79:136 Total and single species of uronic acid-bearing glycosaminoglycans in urine of newborns of 2-3days of age for early diagnosis application. 27737736 9 71 theme subjects 1491:1498 arg1 age 1484:1486 the age 1480:1486 the age of subjects 1480:1498 CONCLUSIONS The present method is able to measure changes in UA-GAG composition and their structure independently of the age of subjects and rapidly applicable to the newborn diagnosis without necessity to have creatinine levels. 27737736 0 72 from glycosaminoglycans 48:65 arg1 urine 70:74 urine 70:74 urine 70:74 Total and single species of uronic acid-bearing glycosaminoglycans in urine of newborns of 2-3days of age for early diagnosis application. 27737736 4 73 theme content 780:786 arg1 total 763:767 A total 761:767 RESULTS A total of UA-GAGs content of ~35μg/mg creatinine 753:809 RESULTS A total of UA-GAGs content of ~35μg/mg creatinine was observed in 331 newborns versus 1.5μg/mg creatinine of adult urine composed of ~90% chondroitin sulfate (CS), ~7% heparan sulfate (HS) and ~3% hyaluronic acid (HA). 27737736 0 74 theme age 102:104 arg1 2-3days 91:97 2-3days 91:97 2-3days of age for early diagnosis application 91:136 Total and single species of uronic acid-bearing glycosaminoglycans in urine of newborns of 2-3days of age for early diagnosis application. 27737736 7 75 dep non-sulfated 1242:1253 arg1 % 1259:1259 ~64% 1256:1259 ~64% 1256:1259 The HS from newborn urine was mainly composed by the non-sulfated (~64%) and mono-sulfated (~28%) disaccharides. 27737736 4 76 theme ~35μg/mg 791:798 arg1 creatinine 800:809 ~35μg/mg creatinine 791:809 ~35μg/mg creatinine 791:809 RESULTS A total of UA-GAGs content of ~35μg/mg creatinine was observed in 331 newborns versus 1.5μg/mg creatinine of adult urine composed of ~90% chondroitin sulfate (CS), ~7% heparan sulfate (HS) and ~3% hyaluronic acid (HA). 27737736 4 77 dep RESULTS 753:759 arg1 total 763:767 A total 761:767 RESULTS A total of UA-GAGs content of ~35μg/mg creatinine 753:809 RESULTS A total of UA-GAGs content of ~35μg/mg creatinine was observed in 331 newborns versus 1.5μg/mg creatinine of adult urine composed of ~90% chondroitin sulfate (CS), ~7% heparan sulfate (HS) and ~3% hyaluronic acid (HA). 27737736 6 78 theme Specific 1034:1041 arg1 ratios 1043:1048 Specific ratios 1034:1048 Specific ratios between the main CS disaccharides 1034:1082 Specific ratios between the main CS disaccharides were informative of a significant greater 4-sulfation and charge density for newborn compared to adults. 27737736 8 79 theme significant 1305:1315 arg1 differences 1317:1327 No significant differences 1302:1327 No significant differences 1302:1327 No significant differences were observed versus adult urine. 27737736 9 80 theme newborn 1530:1536 arg1 diagnosis 1538:1546 the newborn diagnosis 1526:1546 the newborn diagnosis without necessity to have creatinine levels 1526:1590 CONCLUSIONS The present method is able to measure changes in UA-GAG composition and their structure independently of the age of subjects and rapidly applicable to the newborn diagnosis without necessity to have creatinine levels. 27737736 2 81 dep METHODS 342:348 arg1 report 353:358 report 353:358 report a study from a large cohort of healthy newborns of 2-3days to have a basic profile of total content of urinary UA-GAGs, their composition and structural signatures utilizing a rapid extractive method and sensitive separation of enzymatic released disaccharides by capillary electrophoresis-light induced fluorescence 353:675 METHODS We report a study from a large cohort of healthy newborns of 2-3days to have a basic profile of total content of urinary UA-GAGs, their composition and structural signatures utilizing a rapid extractive method and sensitive separation of enzymatic released disaccharides by capillary electrophoresis-light induced fluorescence. 27737736 0 82 theme uronic 28:33 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 48:65 uronic acid-bearing glycosaminoglycans 28:65 uronic acid-bearing glycosaminoglycans in urine 28:74 Total and single species of uronic acid-bearing glycosaminoglycans in urine of newborns of 2-3days of age for early diagnosis application. 27737736 1 83 theme several 292:298 arg1 diseases 300:307 several diseases 292:307 several diseases 292:307 BACKGROUND Urine are easily accessible and relatively simple to process and uronic acid-bearing glycosaminoglycans (UA-GAGs) may serve as biomarkers for several diseases, like for mucopolysaccharidosis. 27737736 7 84 dep mono-sulfated 1266:1278 arg1 % 1284:1284 ~28% 1281:1284 ~28% 1281:1284 The HS from newborn urine was mainly composed by the non-sulfated (~64%) and mono-sulfated (~28%) disaccharides. 27737736 2 85 theme total 446:450 arg1 content 452:458 total content 446:458 total content of urinary UA-GAGs, their composition and structural signatures utilizing a rapid extractive method and sensitive separation of enzymatic released disaccharides by capillary electrophoresis-light induced fluorescence 446:675 METHODS We report a study from a large cohort of healthy newborns of 2-3days to have a basic profile of total content of urinary UA-GAGs, their composition and structural signatures utilizing a rapid extractive method and sensitive separation of enzymatic released disaccharides by capillary electrophoresis-light induced fluorescence. 27737736 2 86 theme healthy 391:397 arg1 newborns 399:406 healthy newborns 391:406 healthy newborns of 2-3days 391:417 METHODS We report a study from a large cohort of healthy newborns of 2-3days to have a basic profile of total content of urinary UA-GAGs, their composition and structural signatures utilizing a rapid extractive method and sensitive separation of enzymatic released disaccharides by capillary electrophoresis-light induced fluorescence. 27737736 0 87 theme glycosaminoglycans 48:65 arg1 Total 0:4 Total 0:4 Total 0:4 Total and single species of uronic acid-bearing glycosaminoglycans in urine of newborns of 2-3days of age for early diagnosis application. 27737736 0 87 theme glycosaminoglycans 48:65 arg1 species 17:23 single species 10:23 single species 10:23 Total and single species of uronic acid-bearing glycosaminoglycans in urine of newborns of 2-3days of age for early diagnosis application. 27737736 5 88 theme significant 983:993 arg1 differences 995:1005 No significant differences 980:1005 No significant differences 980:1005 No significant differences were observed with adults. 27737736 4 89 theme urine 876:880 arg1 newborns 831:838 331 newborns 827:838 331 newborns 827:838 RESULTS A total of UA-GAGs content of ~35μg/mg creatinine was observed in 331 newborns versus 1.5μg/mg creatinine of adult urine composed of ~90% chondroitin sulfate (CS), ~7% heparan sulfate (HS) and ~3% hyaluronic acid (HA). 27737736 7 90 theme non-sulfated 1242:1253 arg1 disaccharides 1287:1299 the non-sulfated (~64%) and mono-sulfated (~28%) disaccharides 1238:1299 the non-sulfated (~64%) and mono-sulfated (~28%) disaccharides 1238:1299 The HS from newborn urine was mainly composed by the non-sulfated (~64%) and mono-sulfated (~28%) disaccharides. 27737736 2 91 theme signatures 513:522 arg1 content 452:458 total content 446:458 total content of urinary UA-GAGs, their composition and structural signatures utilizing a rapid extractive method and sensitive separation of enzymatic released disaccharides by capillary electrophoresis-light induced fluorescence 446:675 METHODS We report a study from a large cohort of healthy newborns of 2-3days to have a basic profile of total content of urinary UA-GAGs, their composition and structural signatures utilizing a rapid extractive method and sensitive separation of enzymatic released disaccharides by capillary electrophoresis-light induced fluorescence. 27737736 4 92 theme 1.5μg/mg 847:854 arg1 creatinine 856:865 1.5μg/mg creatinine 847:865 1.5μg/mg creatinine 847:865 RESULTS A total of UA-GAGs content of ~35μg/mg creatinine was observed in 331 newborns versus 1.5μg/mg creatinine of adult urine composed of ~90% chondroitin sulfate (CS), ~7% heparan sulfate (HS) and ~3% hyaluronic acid (HA). 27737736 9 93 theme creatinine 1574:1583 arg1 levels 1585:1590 creatinine levels 1574:1590 creatinine levels 1574:1590 CONCLUSIONS The present method is able to measure changes in UA-GAG composition and their structure independently of the age of subjects and rapidly applicable to the newborn diagnosis without necessity to have creatinine levels. 27737736 2 94 from cohort 381:386 arg1 study 362:366 a study 360:366 a study from a large cohort of healthy newborns of 2-3days to have a basic profile of total content of urinary UA-GAGs, their composition and structural signatures utilizing a rapid extractive method and sensitive separation of enzymatic released disaccharides by capillary electrophoresis-light induced fluorescence 360:675 METHODS We report a study from a large cohort of healthy newborns of 2-3days to have a basic profile of total content of urinary UA-GAGs, their composition and structural signatures utilizing a rapid extractive method and sensitive separation of enzymatic released disaccharides by capillary electrophoresis-light induced fluorescence. 27737736 1 95 theme acid-bearing 222:233 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 235:252 relatively simple to process and uronic acid-bearing glycosaminoglycans 182:252 relatively simple to process and uronic acid-bearing glycosaminoglycans (UA-GAGs) 182:262 BACKGROUND Urine are easily accessible and relatively simple to process and uronic acid-bearing glycosaminoglycans (UA-GAGs) may serve as biomarkers for several diseases, like for mucopolysaccharidosis. 27737736 1 95 theme acid-bearing 222:233 arg1 biomarkers 277:286 biomarkers 277:286 biomarkers for several diseases, like for mucopolysaccharidosis 277:339 BACKGROUND Urine are easily accessible and relatively simple to process and uronic acid-bearing glycosaminoglycans (UA-GAGs) may serve as biomarkers for several diseases, like for mucopolysaccharidosis. 27737736 1 95 theme acid-bearing 222:233 arg1 UA-GAGs 255:261 UA-GAGs 255:261 UA-GAGs 255:261 BACKGROUND Urine are easily accessible and relatively simple to process and uronic acid-bearing glycosaminoglycans (UA-GAGs) may serve as biomarkers for several diseases, like for mucopolysaccharidosis. 28671578 2 0 dep Based 282:286 arg1 aq 386:387 aq 386:387 aq 386:387 Based on the finding that CNFs were redispersed in a mixture of the film with ammonia aqueous solution (aq.) 28671578 0 1 theme Materials 90:98 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation of Self-Assembled Chitin Nanofiber-Natural Rubber Composite Sheets and Porous Materials. 0:99 Preparation of Self-Assembled Chitin Nanofiber-Natural Rubber Composite Sheets and Porous Materials. 28671578 1 2 theme CNF 178:180 arg1 film 183:186 a self-assembled chitin nanofiber (CNF) film 143:186 a self-assembled chitin nanofiber (CNF) film 143:186 We previously reported the preparation of a self-assembled chitin nanofiber (CNF) film via regeneration from an ion gel with an ionic liquid, followed by sonication and filtration. 28671578 5 3 theme composite 658:666 arg1 materials 675:683 CNF-NR composite porous materials 651:683 CNF-NR composite porous materials 651:683 Further, CNF-NR composite porous materials were fabricated by evaporating ammonia from the CNF-NR dispersion, followed by lyophilization. 28671578 4 4 theme sheets 593:598 arg1 testing 578:584 Tensile testing 570:584 Tensile testing of the sheets 570:598 Tensile testing of the sheets indicated the reinforcing effect of CNFs. 28671578 5 5 theme porous 668:673 arg1 materials 675:683 CNF-NR composite porous materials 651:683 CNF-NR composite porous materials 651:683 Further, CNF-NR composite porous materials were fabricated by evaporating ammonia from the CNF-NR dispersion, followed by lyophilization. 28671578 4 6 theme CNFs 636:639 arg1 effect 626:631 the reinforcing effect 610:631 the reinforcing effect of CNFs 610:639 Tensile testing of the sheets indicated the reinforcing effect of CNFs. 28671578 3 7 theme NR 427:428 arg1 sheets 441:446 CNF-natural rubber (NR) composite sheets 407:446 CNF-natural rubber (NR) composite sheets 407:446 , in this study, CNF-natural rubber (NR) composite sheets were fabricated by mixing redispersed CNF with NR latex stabilized by ammonia, followed by drying under reduced pressure. 28671578 2 8 theme aqueous 368:374 arg1 solution 376:383 ammonia aqueous solution 360:383 ammonia aqueous solution 360:383 Based on the finding that CNFs were redispersed in a mixture of the film with ammonia aqueous solution (aq.) 28671578 3 9 theme redispersed 474:484 arg1 CNF 486:488 redispersed CNF 474:488 redispersed CNF 474:488 , in this study, CNF-natural rubber (NR) composite sheets were fabricated by mixing redispersed CNF with NR latex stabilized by ammonia, followed by drying under reduced pressure. 28671578 1 10 theme film 183:186 arg1 preparation 128:138 the preparation 124:138 the preparation of a self-assembled chitin nanofiber (CNF) film 124:186 We previously reported the preparation of a self-assembled chitin nanofiber (CNF) film via regeneration from an ion gel with an ionic liquid, followed by sonication and filtration. 28671578 6 11 theme structures 822:831 arg1 formation 802:810 the formation 798:810 the formation of porous structures 798:831 The mechanism for the formation of porous structures was evaluated. 28671578 2 12 theme film 350:353 arg1 mixture 335:341 a mixture 333:341 a mixture of the film 333:353 Based on the finding that CNFs were redispersed in a mixture of the film with ammonia aqueous solution (aq.) 28671578 0 13 theme Chitin 30:35 arg1 Sheets 72:77 Self-Assembled Chitin Nanofiber-Natural Rubber Composite Sheets 15:77 Self-Assembled Chitin Nanofiber-Natural Rubber Composite Sheets 15:77 Preparation of Self-Assembled Chitin Nanofiber-Natural Rubber Composite Sheets and Porous Materials. 28671578 3 14 theme NR 495:496 arg1 latex 498:502 NR latex 495:502 NR latex stabilized by ammonia, followed by drying under reduced pressure 495:567 , in this study, CNF-natural rubber (NR) composite sheets were fabricated by mixing redispersed CNF with NR latex stabilized by ammonia, followed by drying under reduced pressure. 28671578 3 15 theme CNF-natural 407:417 arg1 sheets 441:446 CNF-natural rubber (NR) composite sheets 407:446 CNF-natural rubber (NR) composite sheets 407:446 , in this study, CNF-natural rubber (NR) composite sheets were fabricated by mixing redispersed CNF with NR latex stabilized by ammonia, followed by drying under reduced pressure. 28671578 0 16 theme Self-Assembled 15:28 arg1 Sheets 72:77 Self-Assembled Chitin Nanofiber-Natural Rubber Composite Sheets 15:77 Self-Assembled Chitin Nanofiber-Natural Rubber Composite Sheets 15:77 Preparation of Self-Assembled Chitin Nanofiber-Natural Rubber Composite Sheets and Porous Materials. 28671578 1 17 with gel 217:219 arg1 liquid 235:240 liquid 235:240 liquid 235:240 We previously reported the preparation of a self-assembled chitin nanofiber (CNF) film via regeneration from an ion gel with an ionic liquid, followed by sonication and filtration. 28671578 6 18 theme porous 815:820 arg1 structures 822:831 porous structures 815:831 porous structures 815:831 The mechanism for the formation of porous structures was evaluated. 28671578 3 19 theme rubber 419:424 arg1 sheets 441:446 CNF-natural rubber (NR) composite sheets 407:446 CNF-natural rubber (NR) composite sheets 407:446 , in this study, CNF-natural rubber (NR) composite sheets were fabricated by mixing redispersed CNF with NR latex stabilized by ammonia, followed by drying under reduced pressure. 28671578 0 20 theme Rubber 55:60 arg1 Sheets 72:77 Self-Assembled Chitin Nanofiber-Natural Rubber Composite Sheets 15:77 Self-Assembled Chitin Nanofiber-Natural Rubber Composite Sheets 15:77 Preparation of Self-Assembled Chitin Nanofiber-Natural Rubber Composite Sheets and Porous Materials. 28671578 1 21 theme ion 213:215 arg1 gel 217:219 an ion gel 210:219 an ion gel with an ionic liquid 210:240 We previously reported the preparation of a self-assembled chitin nanofiber (CNF) film via regeneration from an ion gel with an ionic liquid, followed by sonication and filtration. 28671578 0 22 theme Nanofiber-Natural 37:53 arg1 Sheets 72:77 Self-Assembled Chitin Nanofiber-Natural Rubber Composite Sheets 15:77 Self-Assembled Chitin Nanofiber-Natural Rubber Composite Sheets 15:77 Preparation of Self-Assembled Chitin Nanofiber-Natural Rubber Composite Sheets and Porous Materials. 28671578 5 23 theme CNF-NR 651:656 arg1 materials 675:683 CNF-NR composite porous materials 651:683 CNF-NR composite porous materials 651:683 Further, CNF-NR composite porous materials were fabricated by evaporating ammonia from the CNF-NR dispersion, followed by lyophilization. 28671578 0 24 theme Sheets 72:77 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation of Self-Assembled Chitin Nanofiber-Natural Rubber Composite Sheets and Porous Materials. 0:99 Preparation of Self-Assembled Chitin Nanofiber-Natural Rubber Composite Sheets and Porous Materials. 28671578 1 25 from gel 217:219 arg1 regeneration 192:203 regeneration 192:203 regeneration from an ion gel with an ionic liquid 192:240 We previously reported the preparation of a self-assembled chitin nanofiber (CNF) film via regeneration from an ion gel with an ionic liquid, followed by sonication and filtration. 28671578 0 26 theme Composite 62:70 arg1 Sheets 72:77 Self-Assembled Chitin Nanofiber-Natural Rubber Composite Sheets 15:77 Self-Assembled Chitin Nanofiber-Natural Rubber Composite Sheets 15:77 Preparation of Self-Assembled Chitin Nanofiber-Natural Rubber Composite Sheets and Porous Materials. 28671578 3 27 theme composite 431:439 arg1 sheets 441:446 CNF-natural rubber (NR) composite sheets 407:446 CNF-natural rubber (NR) composite sheets 407:446 , in this study, CNF-natural rubber (NR) composite sheets were fabricated by mixing redispersed CNF with NR latex stabilized by ammonia, followed by drying under reduced pressure. 28671578 3 28 theme reduced 552:558 arg1 pressure 560:567 reduced pressure 552:567 reduced pressure 552:567 , in this study, CNF-natural rubber (NR) composite sheets were fabricated by mixing redispersed CNF with NR latex stabilized by ammonia, followed by drying under reduced pressure. 28671578 4 29 theme reinforcing 614:624 arg1 effect 626:631 the reinforcing effect 610:631 the reinforcing effect of CNFs 610:639 Tensile testing of the sheets indicated the reinforcing effect of CNFs. 28671578 1 30 theme self-assembled 145:158 arg1 film 183:186 a self-assembled chitin nanofiber (CNF) film 143:186 a self-assembled chitin nanofiber (CNF) film 143:186 We previously reported the preparation of a self-assembled chitin nanofiber (CNF) film via regeneration from an ion gel with an ionic liquid, followed by sonication and filtration. 28671578 0 31 theme Porous 83:88 arg1 Materials 90:98 Porous Materials 83:98 Porous Materials 83:98 Preparation of Self-Assembled Chitin Nanofiber-Natural Rubber Composite Sheets and Porous Materials. 28671578 4 32 theme Tensile 570:576 arg1 testing 578:584 Tensile testing 570:584 Tensile testing of the sheets 570:598 Tensile testing of the sheets indicated the reinforcing effect of CNFs. 28671578 1 33 theme chitin 160:165 arg1 film 183:186 a self-assembled chitin nanofiber (CNF) film 143:186 a self-assembled chitin nanofiber (CNF) film 143:186 We previously reported the preparation of a self-assembled chitin nanofiber (CNF) film via regeneration from an ion gel with an ionic liquid, followed by sonication and filtration. 28671578 2 34 theme ammonia 360:366 arg1 solution 376:383 ammonia aqueous solution 360:383 ammonia aqueous solution 360:383 Based on the finding that CNFs were redispersed in a mixture of the film with ammonia aqueous solution (aq.) 28671578 5 35 theme CNF-NR 733:738 arg1 dispersion 740:749 the CNF-NR dispersion 729:749 the CNF-NR dispersion 729:749 Further, CNF-NR composite porous materials were fabricated by evaporating ammonia from the CNF-NR dispersion, followed by lyophilization. 28671578 1 36 theme nanofiber 167:175 arg1 film 183:186 a self-assembled chitin nanofiber (CNF) film 143:186 a self-assembled chitin nanofiber (CNF) film 143:186 We previously reported the preparation of a self-assembled chitin nanofiber (CNF) film via regeneration from an ion gel with an ionic liquid, followed by sonication and filtration. 27987834 0 0 theme chondrocyte 90:100 arg1 encapsulation 102:114 chondrocyte encapsulation 90:114 chondrocyte encapsulation 90:114 Injectable hydrogels prepared from partially oxidized hyaluronate and glycol chitosan for chondrocyte encapsulation. 27987834 5 1 theme gels 828:831 arg1 biocompatibility 771:786 biocompatibility 771:786 biocompatibility 771:786 Degradation behavior and biocompatibility of oxidized hyaluronate/glycol chitosan gels were also evaluated in vitro. 27987834 5 1 theme gels 828:831 arg1 behavior 758:765 Degradation behavior 746:765 Degradation behavior 746:765 Degradation behavior and biocompatibility of oxidized hyaluronate/glycol chitosan gels were also evaluated in vitro. 27987834 6 2 theme cartilage 976:984 arg1 regeneration 986:997 cartilage regeneration 976:997 cartilage regeneration 976:997 This system may be potentially useful as an injectable system in many tissue engineering applications, including cartilage regeneration. 27987834 4 3 from effects 554:560 arg1 properties 657:666 the mechanical properties 642:666 the mechanical properties of oxidized hyaluronate/glycol chitosan hydrogels 642:716 The effects of the degree of oxidization, polymer concentration, and polymer composition on the mechanical properties of oxidized hyaluronate/glycol chitosan hydrogels were investigated in vitro. 27987834 4 4 theme oxidization 579:589 arg1 degree 569:574 the degree 565:574 the degree of oxidization, polymer concentration, and polymer composition 565:637 The effects of the degree of oxidization, polymer concentration, and polymer composition on the mechanical properties of oxidized hyaluronate/glycol chitosan hydrogels were investigated in vitro. 27987834 2 5 theme side 329:332 arg1 effects 334:340 undesirable side effects 317:340 undesirable side effects 317:340 However, hyaluronate typically requires chemical cross-linking molecules to form hydrogels, which may induce undesirable side effects in the body. 27987834 4 6 theme concentration 600:612 arg1 degree 569:574 the degree 565:574 the degree of oxidization, polymer concentration, and polymer composition 565:637 The effects of the degree of oxidization, polymer concentration, and polymer composition on the mechanical properties of oxidized hyaluronate/glycol chitosan hydrogels were investigated in vitro. 27987834 2 7 theme undesirable 317:327 arg1 effects 334:340 undesirable side effects 317:340 undesirable side effects 317:340 However, hyaluronate typically requires chemical cross-linking molecules to form hydrogels, which may induce undesirable side effects in the body. 27987834 4 8 theme polymer 592:598 arg1 concentration 600:612 polymer concentration 592:612 polymer concentration 592:612 The effects of the degree of oxidization, polymer concentration, and polymer composition on the mechanical properties of oxidized hyaluronate/glycol chitosan hydrogels were investigated in vitro. 27987834 6 9 theme engineering 940:950 arg1 applications 952:963 many tissue engineering applications 928:963 many tissue engineering applications 928:963 This system may be potentially useful as an injectable system in many tissue engineering applications, including cartilage regeneration. 27987834 6 9 theme engineering 940:950 arg1 regeneration 986:997 cartilage regeneration 976:997 cartilage regeneration 976:997 This system may be potentially useful as an injectable system in many tissue engineering applications, including cartilage regeneration. 27987834 1 10 theme scaffolding 186:196 arg1 attention 149:157 great attention 143:157 great attention in tissue engineering 143:179 Hyaluronate has attracted great attention in tissue engineering as a scaffolding material. 27987834 1 10 theme scaffolding 186:196 arg1 material 198:205 a scaffolding material 184:205 a scaffolding material 184:205 Hyaluronate has attracted great attention in tissue engineering as a scaffolding material. 27987834 5 11 theme oxidized 791:798 arg1 gels 828:831 oxidized hyaluronate/glycol chitosan gels 791:831 oxidized hyaluronate/glycol chitosan gels 791:831 Degradation behavior and biocompatibility of oxidized hyaluronate/glycol chitosan gels were also evaluated in vitro. 27987834 6 12 theme tissue 933:938 arg1 applications 952:963 many tissue engineering applications 928:963 many tissue engineering applications 928:963 This system may be potentially useful as an injectable system in many tissue engineering applications, including cartilage regeneration. 27987834 6 12 theme tissue 933:938 arg1 regeneration 986:997 cartilage regeneration 976:997 cartilage regeneration 976:997 This system may be potentially useful as an injectable system in many tissue engineering applications, including cartilage regeneration. 27987834 3 13 theme aldehyde 439:446 arg1 groups 448:453 aldehyde groups 439:453 aldehyde groups 439:453 In this study, hyaluronate was partially oxidized with sodium periodate to generate aldehyde groups in the backbone, and simply mixed with glycol chitosan to form gels via Schiff base formation. 27987834 1 14 from attention 149:157 arg1 engineering 169:179 tissue engineering 162:179 tissue engineering 162:179 Hyaluronate has attracted great attention in tissue engineering as a scaffolding material. 27987834 3 15 theme sodium 410:415 arg1 periodate 417:425 sodium periodate 410:425 sodium periodate 410:425 In this study, hyaluronate was partially oxidized with sodium periodate to generate aldehyde groups in the backbone, and simply mixed with glycol chitosan to form gels via Schiff base formation. 27987834 6 16 theme many 928:931 arg1 applications 952:963 many tissue engineering applications 928:963 many tissue engineering applications 928:963 This system may be potentially useful as an injectable system in many tissue engineering applications, including cartilage regeneration. 27987834 6 16 theme many 928:931 arg1 regeneration 986:997 cartilage regeneration 976:997 cartilage regeneration 976:997 This system may be potentially useful as an injectable system in many tissue engineering applications, including cartilage regeneration. 27987834 4 17 theme chitosan 699:706 arg1 hydrogels 708:716 oxidized hyaluronate/glycol chitosan hydrogels 671:716 oxidized hyaluronate/glycol chitosan hydrogels 671:716 The effects of the degree of oxidization, polymer concentration, and polymer composition on the mechanical properties of oxidized hyaluronate/glycol chitosan hydrogels were investigated in vitro. 27987834 0 18 theme Injectable 0:9 arg1 hydrogels 11:19 Injectable hydrogels 0:19 Injectable hydrogels 0:19 Injectable hydrogels prepared from partially oxidized hyaluronate and glycol chitosan for chondrocyte encapsulation. 27987834 4 19 theme hyaluronate/glycol 680:697 arg1 hydrogels 708:716 oxidized hyaluronate/glycol chitosan hydrogels 671:716 oxidized hyaluronate/glycol chitosan hydrogels 671:716 The effects of the degree of oxidization, polymer concentration, and polymer composition on the mechanical properties of oxidized hyaluronate/glycol chitosan hydrogels were investigated in vitro. 27987834 6 20 from system 918:923 arg1 applications 952:963 many tissue engineering applications 928:963 many tissue engineering applications 928:963 This system may be potentially useful as an injectable system in many tissue engineering applications, including cartilage regeneration. 27987834 6 20 from system 918:923 arg1 regeneration 986:997 cartilage regeneration 976:997 cartilage regeneration 976:997 This system may be potentially useful as an injectable system in many tissue engineering applications, including cartilage regeneration. 27987834 1 21 theme tissue 162:167 arg1 engineering 169:179 tissue engineering 162:179 tissue engineering 162:179 Hyaluronate has attracted great attention in tissue engineering as a scaffolding material. 27987834 0 22 theme oxidized 45:52 arg1 hyaluronate 54:64 partially oxidized hyaluronate 35:64 partially oxidized hyaluronate 35:64 Injectable hydrogels prepared from partially oxidized hyaluronate and glycol chitosan for chondrocyte encapsulation. 27987834 4 23 theme degree 569:574 arg1 effects 554:560 The effects 550:560 The effects of the degree of oxidization, polymer concentration, and polymer composition on the mechanical properties of oxidized hyaluronate/glycol chitosan hydrogels 550:716 The effects of the degree of oxidization, polymer concentration, and polymer composition on the mechanical properties of oxidized hyaluronate/glycol chitosan hydrogels were investigated in vitro. 27987834 5 24 theme Degradation 746:756 arg1 behavior 758:765 Degradation behavior 746:765 Degradation behavior 746:765 Degradation behavior and biocompatibility of oxidized hyaluronate/glycol chitosan gels were also evaluated in vitro. 27987834 4 25 theme oxidized 671:678 arg1 hydrogels 708:716 oxidized hyaluronate/glycol chitosan hydrogels 671:716 oxidized hyaluronate/glycol chitosan hydrogels 671:716 The effects of the degree of oxidization, polymer concentration, and polymer composition on the mechanical properties of oxidized hyaluronate/glycol chitosan hydrogels were investigated in vitro. 27987834 6 26 theme injectable 907:916 arg1 system 918:923 an injectable system 904:923 an injectable system in many tissue engineering applications, including cartilage regeneration 904:997 This system may be potentially useful as an injectable system in many tissue engineering applications, including cartilage regeneration. 27987834 4 27 theme mechanical 646:655 arg1 properties 657:666 the mechanical properties 642:666 the mechanical properties of oxidized hyaluronate/glycol chitosan hydrogels 642:716 The effects of the degree of oxidization, polymer concentration, and polymer composition on the mechanical properties of oxidized hyaluronate/glycol chitosan hydrogels were investigated in vitro. 27987834 5 28 theme chitosan 819:826 arg1 gels 828:831 oxidized hyaluronate/glycol chitosan gels 791:831 oxidized hyaluronate/glycol chitosan gels 791:831 Degradation behavior and biocompatibility of oxidized hyaluronate/glycol chitosan gels were also evaluated in vitro. 27987834 2 29 theme cross-linking 257:269 arg1 molecules 271:279 chemical cross-linking molecules 248:279 chemical cross-linking molecules 248:279 However, hyaluronate typically requires chemical cross-linking molecules to form hydrogels, which may induce undesirable side effects in the body. 27987834 2 30 theme chemical 248:255 arg1 molecules 271:279 chemical cross-linking molecules 248:279 chemical cross-linking molecules 248:279 However, hyaluronate typically requires chemical cross-linking molecules to form hydrogels, which may induce undesirable side effects in the body. 27987834 1 31 theme great 143:147 arg1 attention 149:157 great attention 143:157 great attention in tissue engineering 143:179 Hyaluronate has attracted great attention in tissue engineering as a scaffolding material. 27987834 1 31 theme great 143:147 arg1 material 198:205 a scaffolding material 184:205 a scaffolding material 184:205 Hyaluronate has attracted great attention in tissue engineering as a scaffolding material. 27987834 3 32 theme glycol 494:499 arg1 chitosan 501:508 glycol chitosan 494:508 glycol chitosan 494:508 In this study, hyaluronate was partially oxidized with sodium periodate to generate aldehyde groups in the backbone, and simply mixed with glycol chitosan to form gels via Schiff base formation. 27987834 4 33 theme hydrogels 708:716 arg1 properties 657:666 the mechanical properties 642:666 the mechanical properties of oxidized hyaluronate/glycol chitosan hydrogels 642:716 The effects of the degree of oxidization, polymer concentration, and polymer composition on the mechanical properties of oxidized hyaluronate/glycol chitosan hydrogels were investigated in vitro. 27987834 5 34 theme hyaluronate/glycol 800:817 arg1 gels 828:831 oxidized hyaluronate/glycol chitosan gels 791:831 oxidized hyaluronate/glycol chitosan gels 791:831 Degradation behavior and biocompatibility of oxidized hyaluronate/glycol chitosan gels were also evaluated in vitro. 27987834 3 35 theme Schiff 527:532 arg1 formation 539:547 Schiff base formation 527:547 Schiff base formation 527:547 In this study, hyaluronate was partially oxidized with sodium periodate to generate aldehyde groups in the backbone, and simply mixed with glycol chitosan to form gels via Schiff base formation. 27987834 4 36 theme composition 627:637 arg1 degree 569:574 the degree 565:574 the degree of oxidization, polymer concentration, and polymer composition 565:637 The effects of the degree of oxidization, polymer concentration, and polymer composition on the mechanical properties of oxidized hyaluronate/glycol chitosan hydrogels were investigated in vitro. 27987834 0 37 theme glycol 70:75 arg1 chitosan 77:84 glycol chitosan 70:84 glycol chitosan 70:84 Injectable hydrogels prepared from partially oxidized hyaluronate and glycol chitosan for chondrocyte encapsulation. 27987834 3 38 theme base 534:537 arg1 formation 539:547 Schiff base formation 527:547 Schiff base formation 527:547 In this study, hyaluronate was partially oxidized with sodium periodate to generate aldehyde groups in the backbone, and simply mixed with glycol chitosan to form gels via Schiff base formation. 27987834 4 39 theme polymer 619:625 arg1 composition 627:637 polymer composition 619:637 polymer composition 619:637 The effects of the degree of oxidization, polymer concentration, and polymer composition on the mechanical properties of oxidized hyaluronate/glycol chitosan hydrogels were investigated in vitro. 24859285 0 0 theme coatings 107:114 arg1 characterization 13:28 characterization 13:28 characterization 13:28 Fabrication, characterization, and biocompatibility of ethyl cellulose/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite coatings on Ti6Al4V. 24859285 0 0 theme coatings 107:114 arg1 biocompatibility 35:50 biocompatibility 35:50 biocompatibility 35:50 Fabrication, characterization, and biocompatibility of ethyl cellulose/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite coatings on Ti6Al4V. 24859285 0 0 theme coatings 107:114 arg1 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication, characterization, and biocompatibility of ethyl cellulose/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite coatings on Ti6Al4V. 24859285 0 1 from characterization 13:28 arg1 Ti6Al4V 119:125 Ti6Al4V 119:125 Ti6Al4V 119:125 Fabrication, characterization, and biocompatibility of ethyl cellulose/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite coatings on Ti6Al4V. 24859285 5 2 theme superior 804:811 arg1 morphology 813:822 superior morphology 804:822 superior morphology 804:822 The presence of ethyl cellulose provides superior morphology, contact angle, and biocompatibility characteristics. 24859285 9 3 attach attachment 1179:1188 arg2 hBMSCs 1237:1242 hBMSCs 1237:1242 hBMSCs 1237:1242 The attachment, spreadability, viability and proliferation of hBMSCs on ECHCs are superior to those on CHACs. 24859285 9 3 attach attachment 1179:1188 arg3 ECHCs 1247:1251 ECHCs 1247:1251 ECHCs 1247:1251 The attachment, spreadability, viability and proliferation of hBMSCs on ECHCs are superior to those on CHACs. 24859285 1 4 theme metallic 172:179 arg1 implants 181:188 metallic implants 172:188 metallic implants 172:188 In order to improve the biocompatibility of metallic implants, bioactive components are often used as coatings so that a real bond with the surrounding bone tissue can be formed. 24859285 5 5 theme ethyl 779:783 arg1 cellulose 785:793 ethyl cellulose 779:793 ethyl cellulose 779:793 The presence of ethyl cellulose provides superior morphology, contact angle, and biocompatibility characteristics. 24859285 0 6 theme composite 97:105 arg1 coatings 107:114 ethyl cellulose/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite coatings 55:114 ethyl cellulose/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite coatings 55:114 Fabrication, characterization, and biocompatibility of ethyl cellulose/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite coatings on Ti6Al4V. 24859285 1 7 theme implants 181:188 arg1 biocompatibility 152:167 the biocompatibility 148:167 the biocompatibility of metallic implants 148:188 In order to improve the biocompatibility of metallic implants, bioactive components are often used as coatings so that a real bond with the surrounding bone tissue can be formed. 24859285 9 8 from viability 1206:1214 arg1 ECHCs 1247:1251 ECHCs 1247:1251 ECHCs 1247:1251 The attachment, spreadability, viability and proliferation of hBMSCs on ECHCs are superior to those on CHACs. 24859285 8 9 theme stem 1154:1157 arg1 cells 1159:1163 human bone mesenchymal stem cells 1131:1163 human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) 1131:1172 Surface biocompatibility was investigated by using human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). 24859285 8 9 theme stem 1154:1157 arg1 hBMSCs 1166:1171 hBMSCs 1166:1171 hBMSCs 1166:1171 Surface biocompatibility was investigated by using human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). 24859285 0 10 from Fabrication 0:10 arg1 Ti6Al4V 119:125 Ti6Al4V 119:125 Ti6Al4V 119:125 Fabrication, characterization, and biocompatibility of ethyl cellulose/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite coatings on Ti6Al4V. 24859285 3 11 theme carbonated 565:574 arg1 constituent 509:519 The inorganic constituent 495:519 The inorganic constituent on the CHACs and ECHCs 495:542 The inorganic constituent on the CHACs and ECHCs is calcium-deficient carbonated hydroxyapatite with a flaky texture and a low degree of crystallinity. 24859285 3 11 theme carbonated 565:574 arg1 hydroxyapatite 576:589 calcium-deficient carbonated hydroxyapatite 547:589 calcium-deficient carbonated hydroxyapatite with a flaky texture 547:610 The inorganic constituent on the CHACs and ECHCs is calcium-deficient carbonated hydroxyapatite with a flaky texture and a low degree of crystallinity. 24859285 5 12 theme cellulose 785:793 arg1 presence 767:774 The presence 763:774 The presence of ethyl cellulose 763:793 The presence of ethyl cellulose provides superior morphology, contact angle, and biocompatibility characteristics. 24859285 1 13 theme surrounding 268:278 arg1 tissue 285:290 the surrounding bone tissue 264:290 the surrounding bone tissue 264:290 In order to improve the biocompatibility of metallic implants, bioactive components are often used as coatings so that a real bond with the surrounding bone tissue can be formed. 24859285 9 14 from proliferation 1220:1232 arg1 ECHCs 1247:1251 ECHCs 1247:1251 ECHCs 1247:1251 The attachment, spreadability, viability and proliferation of hBMSCs on ECHCs are superior to those on CHACs. 24859285 10 15 theme biological 1375:1384 arg1 implants 1386:1393 biological implants 1375:1393 biological implants 1375:1393 Thus, the crack-free ECHCs have excellent biocompatibility and are appropriate for use as biological implants. 24859285 3 16 with degree 622:627 arg1 texture 604:610 a flaky texture 596:610 a flaky texture 596:610 The inorganic constituent on the CHACs and ECHCs is calcium-deficient carbonated hydroxyapatite with a flaky texture and a low degree of crystallinity. 24859285 0 17 from biocompatibility 35:50 arg1 Ti6Al4V 119:125 Ti6Al4V 119:125 Ti6Al4V 119:125 Fabrication, characterization, and biocompatibility of ethyl cellulose/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite coatings on Ti6Al4V. 24859285 3 18 theme calcium-deficient 547:563 arg1 constituent 509:519 The inorganic constituent 495:519 The inorganic constituent on the CHACs and ECHCs 495:542 The inorganic constituent on the CHACs and ECHCs is calcium-deficient carbonated hydroxyapatite with a flaky texture and a low degree of crystallinity. 24859285 3 18 theme calcium-deficient 547:563 arg1 hydroxyapatite 576:589 calcium-deficient carbonated hydroxyapatite 547:589 calcium-deficient carbonated hydroxyapatite with a flaky texture 547:610 The inorganic constituent on the CHACs and ECHCs is calcium-deficient carbonated hydroxyapatite with a flaky texture and a low degree of crystallinity. 24859285 1 19 theme bioactive 191:199 arg1 components 201:210 bioactive components 191:210 bioactive components 191:210 In order to improve the biocompatibility of metallic implants, bioactive components are often used as coatings so that a real bond with the surrounding bone tissue can be formed. 24859285 1 19 theme bioactive 191:199 arg1 coatings 230:237 coatings 230:237 coatings so that a real bond with the surrounding bone tissue can be formed 230:304 In order to improve the biocompatibility of metallic implants, bioactive components are often used as coatings so that a real bond with the surrounding bone tissue can be formed. 24859285 2 20 theme ethyl 466:470 arg1 cellulose 472:480 ethyl cellulose 466:480 ethyl cellulose as controls 466:492 We prepared ethyl cellulose/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite coatings (ECHCs) on Ti6Al4V substrates with carbonated hydroxyapatite coatings (CHACs) without ethyl cellulose as controls. 24859285 6 21 theme smoother 918:925 arg1 surface 939:945 a smoother, crack-free surface 916:945 a smoother, crack-free surface 916:945 In comparison to CHACs, ECHCs exhibit a smoother, crack-free surface because the cracks are filled by ethyl cellulose. 24859285 2 22 from coatings 371:378 arg1 substrates 399:408 Ti6Al4V substrates 391:408 Ti6Al4V substrates 391:408 We prepared ethyl cellulose/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite coatings (ECHCs) on Ti6Al4V substrates with carbonated hydroxyapatite coatings (CHACs) without ethyl cellulose as controls. 24859285 3 23 theme flaky 598:602 arg1 texture 604:610 a flaky texture 596:610 a flaky texture 596:610 The inorganic constituent on the CHACs and ECHCs is calcium-deficient carbonated hydroxyapatite with a flaky texture and a low degree of crystallinity. 24859285 2 24 theme Ti6Al4V 391:397 arg1 substrates 399:408 Ti6Al4V substrates 391:408 Ti6Al4V substrates 391:408 We prepared ethyl cellulose/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite coatings (ECHCs) on Ti6Al4V substrates with carbonated hydroxyapatite coatings (CHACs) without ethyl cellulose as controls. 24859285 5 25 theme biocompatibility 844:859 arg1 characteristics 861:875 biocompatibility characteristics 844:875 biocompatibility characteristics 844:875 The presence of ethyl cellulose provides superior morphology, contact angle, and biocompatibility characteristics. 24859285 1 26 theme bone 280:283 arg1 tissue 285:290 the surrounding bone tissue 264:290 the surrounding bone tissue 264:290 In order to improve the biocompatibility of metallic implants, bioactive components are often used as coatings so that a real bond with the surrounding bone tissue can be formed. 24859285 3 27 from constituent 509:519 arg1 CHACs 528:532 the CHACs 524:532 the CHACs 524:532 The inorganic constituent on the CHACs and ECHCs is calcium-deficient carbonated hydroxyapatite with a flaky texture and a low degree of crystallinity. 24859285 3 27 from constituent 509:519 arg1 ECHCs 538:542 ECHCs 538:542 ECHCs 538:542 The inorganic constituent on the CHACs and ECHCs is calcium-deficient carbonated hydroxyapatite with a flaky texture and a low degree of crystallinity. 24859285 4 28 theme carbonated 657:666 arg1 plates 683:688 The flaky carbonated hydroxyapatite plates 647:688 The flaky carbonated hydroxyapatite plates 647:688 The flaky carbonated hydroxyapatite plates aggregate to form macropores with an aperture size of around 0.5-2.0 μm. 24859285 8 29 theme Surface 1080:1086 arg1 biocompatibility 1088:1103 Surface biocompatibility 1080:1103 Surface biocompatibility 1080:1103 Surface biocompatibility was investigated by using human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). 24859285 9 30 theme hBMSCs 1237:1242 arg1 spreadability 1191:1203 spreadability 1191:1203 spreadability 1191:1203 The attachment, spreadability, viability and proliferation of hBMSCs on ECHCs are superior to those on CHACs. 24859285 9 30 theme hBMSCs 1237:1242 arg1 attachment 1179:1188 attachment 1179:1188 attachment 1179:1188 The attachment, spreadability, viability and proliferation of hBMSCs on ECHCs are superior to those on CHACs. 24859285 9 30 theme hBMSCs 1237:1242 arg1 proliferation 1220:1232 proliferation 1220:1232 proliferation 1220:1232 The attachment, spreadability, viability and proliferation of hBMSCs on ECHCs are superior to those on CHACs. 24859285 9 30 theme hBMSCs 1237:1242 arg1 viability 1206:1214 viability 1206:1214 viability 1206:1214 The attachment, spreadability, viability and proliferation of hBMSCs on ECHCs are superior to those on CHACs. 24859285 4 31 theme aperture 727:734 arg1 size 736:739 an aperture size 724:739 an aperture size of around 0.5-2.0 μm 724:760 The flaky carbonated hydroxyapatite plates aggregate to form macropores with an aperture size of around 0.5-2.0 μm. 24859285 10 32 theme crack-free 1295:1304 arg1 ECHCs 1306:1310 the crack-free ECHCs 1291:1310 the crack-free ECHCs 1291:1310 Thus, the crack-free ECHCs have excellent biocompatibility and are appropriate for use as biological implants. 24859285 10 32 theme crack-free 1295:1304 arg1 appropriate 1352:1362 appropriate 1352:1362 appropriate 1352:1362 Thus, the crack-free ECHCs have excellent biocompatibility and are appropriate for use as biological implants. 24859285 4 33 theme flaky 651:655 arg1 plates 683:688 The flaky carbonated hydroxyapatite plates 647:688 The flaky carbonated hydroxyapatite plates 647:688 The flaky carbonated hydroxyapatite plates aggregate to form macropores with an aperture size of around 0.5-2.0 μm. 24859285 10 34 contain have 1312:1315 arg1 ECHCs 1306:1310 the crack-free ECHCs 1291:1310 the crack-free ECHCs 1291:1310 Thus, the crack-free ECHCs have excellent biocompatibility and are appropriate for use as biological implants. 24859285 10 34 contain have 1312:1315 arg1 appropriate 1352:1362 appropriate 1352:1362 appropriate 1352:1362 Thus, the crack-free ECHCs have excellent biocompatibility and are appropriate for use as biological implants. 24859285 10 34 contain have 1312:1315 arg2 biocompatibility 1327:1342 excellent biocompatibility 1317:1342 excellent biocompatibility 1317:1342 Thus, the crack-free ECHCs have excellent biocompatibility and are appropriate for use as biological implants. 24859285 3 35 theme low 618:620 arg1 degree 622:627 a low degree 616:627 a low degree of crystallinity 616:644 The inorganic constituent on the CHACs and ECHCs is calcium-deficient carbonated hydroxyapatite with a flaky texture and a low degree of crystallinity. 24859285 2 36 theme hydroxyapatite 426:439 arg1 CHACs 451:455 CHACs 451:455 CHACs 451:455 We prepared ethyl cellulose/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite coatings (ECHCs) on Ti6Al4V substrates with carbonated hydroxyapatite coatings (CHACs) without ethyl cellulose as controls. 24859285 2 36 theme hydroxyapatite 426:439 arg1 coatings 441:448 carbonated hydroxyapatite coatings 415:448 carbonated hydroxyapatite coatings (CHACs) 415:456 We prepared ethyl cellulose/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite coatings (ECHCs) on Ti6Al4V substrates with carbonated hydroxyapatite coatings (CHACs) without ethyl cellulose as controls. 24859285 5 37 theme contact 825:831 arg1 angle 833:837 contact angle 825:837 contact angle 825:837 The presence of ethyl cellulose provides superior morphology, contact angle, and biocompatibility characteristics. 24859285 2 38 theme carbonated 415:424 arg1 CHACs 451:455 CHACs 451:455 CHACs 451:455 We prepared ethyl cellulose/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite coatings (ECHCs) on Ti6Al4V substrates with carbonated hydroxyapatite coatings (CHACs) without ethyl cellulose as controls. 24859285 2 38 theme carbonated 415:424 arg1 coatings 441:448 carbonated hydroxyapatite coatings 415:448 carbonated hydroxyapatite coatings (CHACs) 415:456 We prepared ethyl cellulose/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite coatings (ECHCs) on Ti6Al4V substrates with carbonated hydroxyapatite coatings (CHACs) without ethyl cellulose as controls. 24859285 0 39 theme ethyl 55:59 arg1 coatings 107:114 ethyl cellulose/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite coatings 55:114 ethyl cellulose/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite coatings 55:114 Fabrication, characterization, and biocompatibility of ethyl cellulose/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite coatings on Ti6Al4V. 24859285 6 40 theme ethyl 980:984 arg1 cellulose 986:994 ethyl cellulose 980:994 ethyl cellulose 980:994 In comparison to CHACs, ECHCs exhibit a smoother, crack-free surface because the cracks are filled by ethyl cellulose. 24859285 8 41 theme mesenchymal 1142:1152 arg1 cells 1159:1163 human bone mesenchymal stem cells 1131:1163 human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) 1131:1172 Surface biocompatibility was investigated by using human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). 24859285 8 41 theme mesenchymal 1142:1152 arg1 hBMSCs 1166:1171 hBMSCs 1166:1171 hBMSCs 1166:1171 Surface biocompatibility was investigated by using human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). 24859285 1 42 used used 222:225 arg2 coatings 230:237 coatings 230:237 coatings so that a real bond with the surrounding bone tissue can be formed 230:304 In order to improve the biocompatibility of metallic implants, bioactive components are often used as coatings so that a real bond with the surrounding bone tissue can be formed. 24859285 1 42 used used 222:225 arg2 components 201:210 bioactive components 191:210 bioactive components 191:210 In order to improve the biocompatibility of metallic implants, bioactive components are often used as coatings so that a real bond with the surrounding bone tissue can be formed. 24859285 2 43 theme composite 361:369 arg1 ECHCs 381:385 ECHCs 381:385 ECHCs 381:385 We prepared ethyl cellulose/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite coatings (ECHCs) on Ti6Al4V substrates with carbonated hydroxyapatite coatings (CHACs) without ethyl cellulose as controls. 24859285 2 43 theme composite 361:369 arg1 coatings 371:378 ethyl cellulose/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite coatings 319:378 ethyl cellulose/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite coatings (ECHCs) on Ti6Al4V substrates with carbonated hydroxyapatite coatings (CHACs) 319:456 We prepared ethyl cellulose/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite coatings (ECHCs) on Ti6Al4V substrates with carbonated hydroxyapatite coatings (CHACs) without ethyl cellulose as controls. 24859285 3 44 with hydroxyapatite 576:589 arg1 texture 604:610 a flaky texture 596:610 a flaky texture 596:610 The inorganic constituent on the CHACs and ECHCs is calcium-deficient carbonated hydroxyapatite with a flaky texture and a low degree of crystallinity. 24859285 1 45 with bond 254:257 arg1 tissue 285:290 the surrounding bone tissue 264:290 the surrounding bone tissue 264:290 In order to improve the biocompatibility of metallic implants, bioactive components are often used as coatings so that a real bond with the surrounding bone tissue can be formed. 24859285 2 46 theme hydroxyapatite 346:359 arg1 ECHCs 381:385 ECHCs 381:385 ECHCs 381:385 We prepared ethyl cellulose/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite coatings (ECHCs) on Ti6Al4V substrates with carbonated hydroxyapatite coatings (CHACs) without ethyl cellulose as controls. 24859285 2 46 theme hydroxyapatite 346:359 arg1 coatings 371:378 ethyl cellulose/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite coatings 319:378 ethyl cellulose/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite coatings (ECHCs) on Ti6Al4V substrates with carbonated hydroxyapatite coatings (CHACs) 319:456 We prepared ethyl cellulose/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite coatings (ECHCs) on Ti6Al4V substrates with carbonated hydroxyapatite coatings (CHACs) without ethyl cellulose as controls. 24859285 8 47 theme bone 1137:1140 arg1 cells 1159:1163 human bone mesenchymal stem cells 1131:1163 human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) 1131:1172 Surface biocompatibility was investigated by using human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). 24859285 8 47 theme bone 1137:1140 arg1 hBMSCs 1166:1171 hBMSCs 1166:1171 hBMSCs 1166:1171 Surface biocompatibility was investigated by using human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). 24859285 2 48 with coatings 371:378 arg1 CHACs 451:455 CHACs 451:455 CHACs 451:455 We prepared ethyl cellulose/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite coatings (ECHCs) on Ti6Al4V substrates with carbonated hydroxyapatite coatings (CHACs) without ethyl cellulose as controls. 24859285 2 48 with coatings 371:378 arg1 coatings 441:448 carbonated hydroxyapatite coatings 415:448 carbonated hydroxyapatite coatings (CHACs) 415:456 We prepared ethyl cellulose/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite coatings (ECHCs) on Ti6Al4V substrates with carbonated hydroxyapatite coatings (CHACs) without ethyl cellulose as controls. 24859285 10 49 theme excellent 1317:1325 arg1 biocompatibility 1327:1342 excellent biocompatibility 1317:1342 excellent biocompatibility 1317:1342 Thus, the crack-free ECHCs have excellent biocompatibility and are appropriate for use as biological implants. 24859285 2 50 theme cellulose/carbonated 325:344 arg1 ECHCs 381:385 ECHCs 381:385 ECHCs 381:385 We prepared ethyl cellulose/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite coatings (ECHCs) on Ti6Al4V substrates with carbonated hydroxyapatite coatings (CHACs) without ethyl cellulose as controls. 24859285 2 50 theme cellulose/carbonated 325:344 arg1 coatings 371:378 ethyl cellulose/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite coatings 319:378 ethyl cellulose/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite coatings (ECHCs) on Ti6Al4V substrates with carbonated hydroxyapatite coatings (CHACs) 319:456 We prepared ethyl cellulose/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite coatings (ECHCs) on Ti6Al4V substrates with carbonated hydroxyapatite coatings (CHACs) without ethyl cellulose as controls. 24859285 8 51 theme human 1131:1135 arg1 cells 1159:1163 human bone mesenchymal stem cells 1131:1163 human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) 1131:1172 Surface biocompatibility was investigated by using human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). 24859285 8 51 theme human 1131:1135 arg1 hBMSCs 1166:1171 hBMSCs 1166:1171 hBMSCs 1166:1171 Surface biocompatibility was investigated by using human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). 24859285 2 52 theme ethyl 319:323 arg1 ECHCs 381:385 ECHCs 381:385 ECHCs 381:385 We prepared ethyl cellulose/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite coatings (ECHCs) on Ti6Al4V substrates with carbonated hydroxyapatite coatings (CHACs) without ethyl cellulose as controls. 24859285 2 52 theme ethyl 319:323 arg1 coatings 371:378 ethyl cellulose/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite coatings 319:378 ethyl cellulose/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite coatings (ECHCs) on Ti6Al4V substrates with carbonated hydroxyapatite coatings (CHACs) 319:456 We prepared ethyl cellulose/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite coatings (ECHCs) on Ti6Al4V substrates with carbonated hydroxyapatite coatings (CHACs) without ethyl cellulose as controls. 24859285 9 53 dep attachment 1179:1188 arg1 The 1175:1177 The 1175:1177 The 1175:1177 The attachment, spreadability, viability and proliferation of hBMSCs on ECHCs are superior to those on CHACs. 24859285 6 54 dep smoother 918:925 arg1 crack-free 928:937 crack-free 928:937 crack-free 928:937 In comparison to CHACs, ECHCs exhibit a smoother, crack-free surface because the cracks are filled by ethyl cellulose. 24859285 0 55 theme hydroxyapatite 82:95 arg1 coatings 107:114 ethyl cellulose/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite coatings 55:114 ethyl cellulose/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite coatings 55:114 Fabrication, characterization, and biocompatibility of ethyl cellulose/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite coatings on Ti6Al4V. 24859285 4 56 theme hydroxyapatite 668:681 arg1 plates 683:688 The flaky carbonated hydroxyapatite plates 647:688 The flaky carbonated hydroxyapatite plates 647:688 The flaky carbonated hydroxyapatite plates aggregate to form macropores with an aperture size of around 0.5-2.0 μm. 24859285 7 57 theme ECHCs 1028:1032 arg1 37.3° 1037:1041 37.3° 1037:1041 37.3° 1037:1041 Moreover, the contact angle of ECHCs is 37.3°, greater than that of CHACs (13.0°). 24859285 7 57 theme ECHCs 1028:1032 arg1 angle 1019:1023 the contact angle 1007:1023 the contact angle of ECHCs 1007:1032 Moreover, the contact angle of ECHCs is 37.3°, greater than that of CHACs (13.0°). 24859285 9 58 from spreadability 1191:1203 arg1 ECHCs 1247:1251 ECHCs 1247:1251 ECHCs 1247:1251 The attachment, spreadability, viability and proliferation of hBMSCs on ECHCs are superior to those on CHACs. 24859285 3 59 theme inorganic 499:507 arg1 constituent 509:519 The inorganic constituent 495:519 The inorganic constituent on the CHACs and ECHCs 495:542 The inorganic constituent on the CHACs and ECHCs is calcium-deficient carbonated hydroxyapatite with a flaky texture and a low degree of crystallinity. 24859285 3 59 theme inorganic 499:507 arg1 hydroxyapatite 576:589 calcium-deficient carbonated hydroxyapatite 547:589 calcium-deficient carbonated hydroxyapatite with a flaky texture 547:610 The inorganic constituent on the CHACs and ECHCs is calcium-deficient carbonated hydroxyapatite with a flaky texture and a low degree of crystallinity. 24859285 0 60 theme cellulose/carbonated 61:80 arg1 coatings 107:114 ethyl cellulose/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite coatings 55:114 ethyl cellulose/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite coatings 55:114 Fabrication, characterization, and biocompatibility of ethyl cellulose/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite coatings on Ti6Al4V. 24859285 9 61 from attachment 1179:1188 arg1 ECHCs 1247:1251 ECHCs 1247:1251 ECHCs 1247:1251 The attachment, spreadability, viability and proliferation of hBMSCs on ECHCs are superior to those on CHACs. 24859285 3 62 theme crystallinity 632:644 arg1 constituent 509:519 The inorganic constituent 495:519 The inorganic constituent on the CHACs and ECHCs 495:542 The inorganic constituent on the CHACs and ECHCs is calcium-deficient carbonated hydroxyapatite with a flaky texture and a low degree of crystallinity. 24859285 3 62 theme crystallinity 632:644 arg1 degree 622:627 a low degree 616:627 a low degree of crystallinity 616:644 The inorganic constituent on the CHACs and ECHCs is calcium-deficient carbonated hydroxyapatite with a flaky texture and a low degree of crystallinity. 24859285 3 62 theme crystallinity 632:644 arg1 hydroxyapatite 576:589 calcium-deficient carbonated hydroxyapatite 547:589 calcium-deficient carbonated hydroxyapatite with a flaky texture 547:610 The inorganic constituent on the CHACs and ECHCs is calcium-deficient carbonated hydroxyapatite with a flaky texture and a low degree of crystallinity. 24859285 7 63 theme contact 1011:1017 arg1 37.3° 1037:1041 37.3° 1037:1041 37.3° 1037:1041 Moreover, the contact angle of ECHCs is 37.3°, greater than that of CHACs (13.0°). 24859285 7 63 theme contact 1011:1017 arg1 angle 1019:1023 the contact angle 1007:1023 the contact angle of ECHCs 1007:1032 Moreover, the contact angle of ECHCs is 37.3°, greater than that of CHACs (13.0°). 24859285 1 64 theme real 249:252 arg1 bond 254:257 a real bond 247:257 a real bond with the surrounding bone tissue 247:290 In order to improve the biocompatibility of metallic implants, bioactive components are often used as coatings so that a real bond with the surrounding bone tissue can be formed. 29199463 0 0 theme edulis 71:76 arg1 peel 83:86 Passiflora edulis Sims peel 60:86 Passiflora edulis Sims peel 60:86 A new C-glycosyl flavone and a new neolignan glycoside from Passiflora edulis Sims peel. 29199463 1 1 theme 2″-O-β-6-deoxy-glucopyranosyl 128:156 arg1 -β-D-glucopyranoside 158:177 A new C-glycosyl flavone, Chrysin-8-C-(2″-O-β-6-deoxy-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) 89:181 -β-D-glucopyranoside 158:177 A new C-glycosyl flavone, Chrysin-8-C-(2″-O-β-6-deoxy-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), a new neolignan glycoside, citrusin G (2), as well as 15 known compounds (3-17) were isolated from the peel of Passiflora edulis Sims. 29199463 1 1 theme 2″-O-β-6-deoxy-glucopyranosyl 128:156 arg1 glycoside 200:208 a new neolignan glycoside 184:208 a new neolignan glycoside 184:208 A new C-glycosyl flavone, Chrysin-8-C-(2″-O-β-6-deoxy-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), a new neolignan glycoside, citrusin G (2), as well as 15 known compounds (3-17) were isolated from the peel of Passiflora edulis Sims. 29199463 0 2 theme Passiflora 60:69 arg1 peel 83:86 Passiflora edulis Sims peel 60:86 Passiflora edulis Sims peel 60:86 A new C-glycosyl flavone and a new neolignan glycoside from Passiflora edulis Sims peel. 29199463 3 3 theme sugar 609:613 arg1 moiety 615:620 a deoxy glucose sugar moiety 593:620 a deoxy glucose sugar moiety 593:620 Compound 1 represents the rare examples of the flavonoid featuring a deoxy glucose sugar moiety. 29199463 4 4 theme RAW 756:758 arg1 cells 766:770 RAW 264.7 cells 756:770 RAW 264.7 cells 756:770 Compounds 5, 7 and 9 exhibited moderate inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 cells, with IC50 values of 34.92, 16.12 and 26.67 μM, respectively. 29199463 0 5 theme Sims 78:81 arg1 peel 83:86 Passiflora edulis Sims peel 60:86 Passiflora edulis Sims peel 60:86 A new C-glycosyl flavone and a new neolignan glycoside from Passiflora edulis Sims peel. 29199463 4 6 theme moderate 654:661 arg1 effects 674:680 moderate inhibitory effects 654:680 moderate inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 cells 654:770 Compounds 5, 7 and 9 exhibited moderate inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 cells, with IC50 values of 34.92, 16.12 and 26.67 μM, respectively. 29199463 0 7 theme new 2:4 arg1 flavone 17:23 A new C-glycosyl flavone 0:23 A new C-glycosyl flavone 0:23 A new C-glycosyl flavone and a new neolignan glycoside from Passiflora edulis Sims peel. 29199463 2 8 theme absolute 418:425 arg1 configuration 427:439 the absolute configuration 414:439 the absolute configuration of 2 414:444 The structure determinations were primarily based on comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, and the absolute configuration of 2 were unequivocally determined by the CD experiment and chemical transformation. 29199463 2 9 theme comprehensive 372:384 arg1 analyses 400:407 comprehensive spectroscopic analyses 372:407 comprehensive spectroscopic analyses 372:407 The structure determinations were primarily based on comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, and the absolute configuration of 2 were unequivocally determined by the CD experiment and chemical transformation. 29199463 3 10 theme glucose 601:607 arg1 moiety 615:620 a deoxy glucose sugar moiety 593:620 a deoxy glucose sugar moiety 593:620 Compound 1 represents the rare examples of the flavonoid featuring a deoxy glucose sugar moiety. 29199463 4 11 from effects 674:680 arg1 production 703:712 nitric oxide (NO) production 685:712 nitric oxide (NO) production stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 cells 685:770 Compounds 5, 7 and 9 exhibited moderate inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 cells, with IC50 values of 34.92, 16.12 and 26.67 μM, respectively. 29199463 4 12 theme IC50 778:781 arg1 values 783:788 IC50 values 778:788 IC50 values 778:788 Compounds 5, 7 and 9 exhibited moderate inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 cells, with IC50 values of 34.92, 16.12 and 26.67 μM, respectively. 29199463 0 13 theme C-glycosyl 6:15 arg1 flavone 17:23 A new C-glycosyl flavone 0:23 A new C-glycosyl flavone 0:23 A new C-glycosyl flavone and a new neolignan glycoside from Passiflora edulis Sims peel. 29199463 4 14 theme μM 816:817 arg1 values 783:788 IC50 values 778:788 IC50 values 778:788 Compounds 5, 7 and 9 exhibited moderate inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 cells, with IC50 values of 34.92, 16.12 and 26.67 μM, respectively. 29199463 3 15 theme deoxy 595:599 arg1 moiety 615:620 a deoxy glucose sugar moiety 593:620 a deoxy glucose sugar moiety 593:620 Compound 1 represents the rare examples of the flavonoid featuring a deoxy glucose sugar moiety. 29199463 4 16 theme nitric 685:690 arg1 NO 699:700 NO 699:700 NO 699:700 Compounds 5, 7 and 9 exhibited moderate inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 cells, with IC50 values of 34.92, 16.12 and 26.67 μM, respectively. 29199463 4 16 theme nitric 685:690 arg1 oxide 692:696 nitric oxide 685:696 nitric oxide (NO) production stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 cells 685:770 Compounds 5, 7 and 9 exhibited moderate inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 cells, with IC50 values of 34.92, 16.12 and 26.67 μM, respectively. 29199463 2 17 theme CD 483:484 arg1 experiment 486:495 the CD experiment 479:495 the CD experiment 479:495 The structure determinations were primarily based on comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, and the absolute configuration of 2 were unequivocally determined by the CD experiment and chemical transformation. 29199463 1 18 theme Sims 313:316 arg1 peel 287:290 the peel 283:290 the peel of Passiflora edulis Sims 283:316 A new C-glycosyl flavone, Chrysin-8-C-(2″-O-β-6-deoxy-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), a new neolignan glycoside, citrusin G (2), as well as 15 known compounds (3-17) were isolated from the peel of Passiflora edulis Sims. 29199463 1 19 theme new 186:188 arg1 glycoside 200:208 a new neolignan glycoside 184:208 a new neolignan glycoside 184:208 A new C-glycosyl flavone, Chrysin-8-C-(2″-O-β-6-deoxy-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), a new neolignan glycoside, citrusin G (2), as well as 15 known compounds (3-17) were isolated from the peel of Passiflora edulis Sims. 29199463 1 19 theme new 186:188 arg1 G 220:220 citrusin G 211:220 citrusin G (2) 211:224 A new C-glycosyl flavone, Chrysin-8-C-(2″-O-β-6-deoxy-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), a new neolignan glycoside, citrusin G (2), as well as 15 known compounds (3-17) were isolated from the peel of Passiflora edulis Sims. 29199463 1 19 theme new 186:188 arg1 -β-D-glucopyranoside 158:177 A new C-glycosyl flavone, Chrysin-8-C-(2″-O-β-6-deoxy-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) 89:181 -β-D-glucopyranoside 158:177 A new C-glycosyl flavone, Chrysin-8-C-(2″-O-β-6-deoxy-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), a new neolignan glycoside, citrusin G (2), as well as 15 known compounds (3-17) were isolated from the peel of Passiflora edulis Sims. 29199463 1 20 theme known 241:245 arg1 compounds 247:255 15 known compounds 238:255 A new C-glycosyl flavone, Chrysin-8-C-(2″-O-β-6-deoxy-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), a new neolignan glycoside, citrusin G (2), as well as 15 known compounds (3-17) 89:262 A new C-glycosyl flavone, Chrysin-8-C-(2″-O-β-6-deoxy-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), a new neolignan glycoside, citrusin G (2), as well as 15 known compounds (3-17) were isolated from the peel of Passiflora edulis Sims. 29199463 1 20 theme known 241:245 arg1 3-17 258:261 3-17 258:261 3-17 258:261 A new C-glycosyl flavone, Chrysin-8-C-(2″-O-β-6-deoxy-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), a new neolignan glycoside, citrusin G (2), as well as 15 known compounds (3-17) were isolated from the peel of Passiflora edulis Sims. 29199463 3 21 theme rare 552:555 arg1 examples 557:564 the rare examples 548:564 the rare examples of the flavonoid featuring a deoxy glucose sugar moiety 548:620 Compound 1 represents the rare examples of the flavonoid featuring a deoxy glucose sugar moiety. 29199463 2 22 theme structure 323:331 arg1 determinations 333:346 The structure determinations 319:346 The structure determinations 319:346 The structure determinations were primarily based on comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, and the absolute configuration of 2 were unequivocally determined by the CD experiment and chemical transformation. 29199463 0 23 theme neolignan 35:43 arg1 glycoside 45:53 a new neolignan glycoside 29:53 a new neolignan glycoside 29:53 A new C-glycosyl flavone and a new neolignan glycoside from Passiflora edulis Sims peel. 29199463 1 24 dep -β-D-glucopyranoside 158:177 arg1 Chrysin-8-C- 115:126 A new C-glycosyl flavone, Chrysin-8-C-(2″-O-β-6-deoxy-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) 89:181 Chrysin-8-C- 115:126 A new C-glycosyl flavone, Chrysin-8-C-(2″-O-β-6-deoxy-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), a new neolignan glycoside, citrusin G (2), as well as 15 known compounds (3-17) were isolated from the peel of Passiflora edulis Sims. 29199463 1 25 theme new 91:93 arg1 -β-D-glucopyranoside 158:177 A new C-glycosyl flavone, Chrysin-8-C-(2″-O-β-6-deoxy-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) 89:181 -β-D-glucopyranoside 158:177 A new C-glycosyl flavone, Chrysin-8-C-(2″-O-β-6-deoxy-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), a new neolignan glycoside, citrusin G (2), as well as 15 known compounds (3-17) were isolated from the peel of Passiflora edulis Sims. 29199463 1 25 theme new 91:93 arg1 glycoside 200:208 a new neolignan glycoside 184:208 a new neolignan glycoside 184:208 A new C-glycosyl flavone, Chrysin-8-C-(2″-O-β-6-deoxy-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), a new neolignan glycoside, citrusin G (2), as well as 15 known compounds (3-17) were isolated from the peel of Passiflora edulis Sims. 29199463 0 26 theme new 31:33 arg1 glycoside 45:53 a new neolignan glycoside 29:53 a new neolignan glycoside 29:53 A new C-glycosyl flavone and a new neolignan glycoside from Passiflora edulis Sims peel. 29199463 1 27 theme C-glycosyl 95:104 arg1 -β-D-glucopyranoside 158:177 A new C-glycosyl flavone, Chrysin-8-C-(2″-O-β-6-deoxy-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) 89:181 -β-D-glucopyranoside 158:177 A new C-glycosyl flavone, Chrysin-8-C-(2″-O-β-6-deoxy-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), a new neolignan glycoside, citrusin G (2), as well as 15 known compounds (3-17) were isolated from the peel of Passiflora edulis Sims. 29199463 1 27 theme C-glycosyl 95:104 arg1 glycoside 200:208 a new neolignan glycoside 184:208 a new neolignan glycoside 184:208 A new C-glycosyl flavone, Chrysin-8-C-(2″-O-β-6-deoxy-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), a new neolignan glycoside, citrusin G (2), as well as 15 known compounds (3-17) were isolated from the peel of Passiflora edulis Sims. 29199463 1 28 theme flavone 106:112 arg1 -β-D-glucopyranoside 158:177 A new C-glycosyl flavone, Chrysin-8-C-(2″-O-β-6-deoxy-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) 89:181 -β-D-glucopyranoside 158:177 A new C-glycosyl flavone, Chrysin-8-C-(2″-O-β-6-deoxy-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), a new neolignan glycoside, citrusin G (2), as well as 15 known compounds (3-17) were isolated from the peel of Passiflora edulis Sims. 29199463 1 28 theme flavone 106:112 arg1 glycoside 200:208 a new neolignan glycoside 184:208 a new neolignan glycoside 184:208 A new C-glycosyl flavone, Chrysin-8-C-(2″-O-β-6-deoxy-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), a new neolignan glycoside, citrusin G (2), as well as 15 known compounds (3-17) were isolated from the peel of Passiflora edulis Sims. 29199463 4 29 theme oxide 692:696 arg1 production 703:712 nitric oxide (NO) production 685:712 nitric oxide (NO) production stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 cells 685:770 Compounds 5, 7 and 9 exhibited moderate inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 cells, with IC50 values of 34.92, 16.12 and 26.67 μM, respectively. 29199463 2 30 theme chemical 501:508 arg1 transformation 510:523 chemical transformation 501:523 chemical transformation 501:523 The structure determinations were primarily based on comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, and the absolute configuration of 2 were unequivocally determined by the CD experiment and chemical transformation. 29199463 0 31 from peel 83:86 arg1 glycoside 45:53 a new neolignan glycoside 29:53 a new neolignan glycoside 29:53 A new C-glycosyl flavone and a new neolignan glycoside from Passiflora edulis Sims peel. 29199463 0 31 from peel 83:86 arg1 flavone 17:23 A new C-glycosyl flavone 0:23 A new C-glycosyl flavone 0:23 A new C-glycosyl flavone and a new neolignan glycoside from Passiflora edulis Sims peel. 29199463 3 32 theme flavonoid 573:581 arg1 examples 557:564 the rare examples 548:564 the rare examples of the flavonoid featuring a deoxy glucose sugar moiety 548:620 Compound 1 represents the rare examples of the flavonoid featuring a deoxy glucose sugar moiety. 29199463 1 33 attach isolated 269:276 arg2 3-17 258:261 3-17 258:261 3-17 258:261 A new C-glycosyl flavone, Chrysin-8-C-(2″-O-β-6-deoxy-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), a new neolignan glycoside, citrusin G (2), as well as 15 known compounds (3-17) were isolated from the peel of Passiflora edulis Sims. 29199463 1 33 attach isolated 269:276 arg2 -β-D-glucopyranoside 158:177 A new C-glycosyl flavone, Chrysin-8-C-(2″-O-β-6-deoxy-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) 89:181 -β-D-glucopyranoside 158:177 A new C-glycosyl flavone, Chrysin-8-C-(2″-O-β-6-deoxy-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), a new neolignan glycoside, citrusin G (2), as well as 15 known compounds (3-17) were isolated from the peel of Passiflora edulis Sims. 29199463 1 33 attach isolated 269:276 arg2 compounds 247:255 15 known compounds 238:255 A new C-glycosyl flavone, Chrysin-8-C-(2″-O-β-6-deoxy-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), a new neolignan glycoside, citrusin G (2), as well as 15 known compounds (3-17) 89:262 A new C-glycosyl flavone, Chrysin-8-C-(2″-O-β-6-deoxy-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), a new neolignan glycoside, citrusin G (2), as well as 15 known compounds (3-17) were isolated from the peel of Passiflora edulis Sims. 29199463 1 33 attach isolated 269:276 arg2 glycoside 200:208 a new neolignan glycoside 184:208 a new neolignan glycoside 184:208 A new C-glycosyl flavone, Chrysin-8-C-(2″-O-β-6-deoxy-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), a new neolignan glycoside, citrusin G (2), as well as 15 known compounds (3-17) were isolated from the peel of Passiflora edulis Sims. 29199463 1 33 attach isolated 269:276 arg1 peel 287:290 the peel 283:290 the peel of Passiflora edulis Sims 283:316 A new C-glycosyl flavone, Chrysin-8-C-(2″-O-β-6-deoxy-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), a new neolignan glycoside, citrusin G (2), as well as 15 known compounds (3-17) were isolated from the peel of Passiflora edulis Sims. 29199463 4 34 theme inhibitory 663:672 arg1 effects 674:680 moderate inhibitory effects 654:680 moderate inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 cells 654:770 Compounds 5, 7 and 9 exhibited moderate inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 cells, with IC50 values of 34.92, 16.12 and 26.67 μM, respectively. 29199463 2 35 theme 2 444:444 arg1 configuration 427:439 the absolute configuration 414:439 the absolute configuration of 2 414:444 The structure determinations were primarily based on comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, and the absolute configuration of 2 were unequivocally determined by the CD experiment and chemical transformation. 29199463 1 36 theme neolignan 190:198 arg1 glycoside 200:208 a new neolignan glycoside 184:208 a new neolignan glycoside 184:208 A new C-glycosyl flavone, Chrysin-8-C-(2″-O-β-6-deoxy-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), a new neolignan glycoside, citrusin G (2), as well as 15 known compounds (3-17) were isolated from the peel of Passiflora edulis Sims. 29199463 1 36 theme neolignan 190:198 arg1 G 220:220 citrusin G 211:220 citrusin G (2) 211:224 A new C-glycosyl flavone, Chrysin-8-C-(2″-O-β-6-deoxy-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), a new neolignan glycoside, citrusin G (2), as well as 15 known compounds (3-17) were isolated from the peel of Passiflora edulis Sims. 29199463 1 36 theme neolignan 190:198 arg1 -β-D-glucopyranoside 158:177 A new C-glycosyl flavone, Chrysin-8-C-(2″-O-β-6-deoxy-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) 89:181 -β-D-glucopyranoside 158:177 A new C-glycosyl flavone, Chrysin-8-C-(2″-O-β-6-deoxy-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), a new neolignan glycoside, citrusin G (2), as well as 15 known compounds (3-17) were isolated from the peel of Passiflora edulis Sims. 29199463 4 37 from lipopolysaccharide 728:745 arg1 cells 766:770 RAW 264.7 cells 756:770 RAW 264.7 cells 756:770 Compounds 5, 7 and 9 exhibited moderate inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 cells, with IC50 values of 34.92, 16.12 and 26.67 μM, respectively. 29199463 1 38 theme citrusin 211:218 arg1 2 223:223 2 223:223 2 223:223 A new C-glycosyl flavone, Chrysin-8-C-(2″-O-β-6-deoxy-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), a new neolignan glycoside, citrusin G (2), as well as 15 known compounds (3-17) were isolated from the peel of Passiflora edulis Sims. 29199463 1 38 theme citrusin 211:218 arg1 glycoside 200:208 a new neolignan glycoside 184:208 a new neolignan glycoside 184:208 A new C-glycosyl flavone, Chrysin-8-C-(2″-O-β-6-deoxy-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), a new neolignan glycoside, citrusin G (2), as well as 15 known compounds (3-17) were isolated from the peel of Passiflora edulis Sims. 29199463 1 38 theme citrusin 211:218 arg1 G 220:220 citrusin G 211:220 citrusin G (2) 211:224 A new C-glycosyl flavone, Chrysin-8-C-(2″-O-β-6-deoxy-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), a new neolignan glycoside, citrusin G (2), as well as 15 known compounds (3-17) were isolated from the peel of Passiflora edulis Sims. 29199463 2 39 theme spectroscopic 386:398 arg1 analyses 400:407 comprehensive spectroscopic analyses 372:407 comprehensive spectroscopic analyses 372:407 The structure determinations were primarily based on comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, and the absolute configuration of 2 were unequivocally determined by the CD experiment and chemical transformation. 29414168 6 0 theme structural 979:988 arg1 modification 990:1001 structural modification 979:1001 structural modification 979:1001 Compositional, SEM, XRD and FTIR analysis confirmed that lignin removal, structural modification and cellulose crystalline variation were responsible for the improvement. 29414168 1 1 from Hybrid 183:188 arg1 yield 161:165 methane yield 153:165 methane yield from Pennisetum Hybrid 153:188 Alkaline pretreatment with NaOH was used to improve methane yield from Pennisetum Hybrid. 29414168 6 2 theme lignin 963:968 arg1 removal 970:976 lignin removal 963:976 lignin removal 963:976 Compositional, SEM, XRD and FTIR analysis confirmed that lignin removal, structural modification and cellulose crystalline variation were responsible for the improvement. 29414168 0 3 theme alkaline 78:85 arg1 pretreatment 87:98 alkaline pretreatment 78:98 alkaline pretreatment 78:98 Improving methane production from anaerobic digestion of Pennisetum Hybrid by alkaline pretreatment. 29414168 2 4 theme different 313:321 arg1 periods 323:329 different periods 313:329 different periods of time 313:337 The pretreatments were carried out with different NaOH solutions (2-8% w/w) at three temperatures (35, 55 and 121 °C) for different periods of time (24, 24 and 1 h). 29414168 3 5 from effects 474:480 arg1 yield 510:514 the yield 506:514 the yield of methane 506:525 All treated and untreated Pennisetum Hybrid were digested under mesophilic conditions (37 °C) to biogas, significant effects of the pretreatments on the yield of methane were observed. 29414168 5 6 theme 21.0 866:869 arg1 % 870:870 % 870:870 % 870:870 The best result, obtained by the treatment at 35 °C 2% NaOH for 24 h, resulted in the methane yield of 301.7 mL/g VS, corresponding to 21.0% improvement in the methane yield. 29414168 6 7 theme crystalline 1017:1027 arg1 variation 1029:1037 cellulose crystalline variation 1007:1037 cellulose crystalline variation 1007:1037 Compositional, SEM, XRD and FTIR analysis confirmed that lignin removal, structural modification and cellulose crystalline variation were responsible for the improvement. 29414168 5 8 from NaOH 786:789 arg1 treatment 764:772 the treatment 760:772 the treatment at 35 °C 2% NaOH for 24 h 760:798 The best result, obtained by the treatment at 35 °C 2% NaOH for 24 h, resulted in the methane yield of 301.7 mL/g VS, corresponding to 21.0% improvement in the methane yield. 29414168 5 9 theme methane 817:823 arg1 yield 825:829 the methane yield 813:829 the methane yield of 301.7 mL/g 813:843 The best result, obtained by the treatment at 35 °C 2% NaOH for 24 h, resulted in the methane yield of 301.7 mL/g VS, corresponding to 21.0% improvement in the methane yield. 29414168 4 10 theme digestion 699:707 arg1 behavior 677:684 the kinetic behavior 665:684 the kinetic behavior of anaerobic digestion of Pennisetum Hybrid 665:728 Results showed the modified Gompertz equation was reliable (determination coefficients (R2) greater than 0.96) to describe the kinetic behavior of anaerobic digestion of Pennisetum Hybrid. 29414168 6 11 theme FTIR 934:937 arg1 analysis 939:946 FTIR analysis 934:946 FTIR analysis 934:946 Compositional, SEM, XRD and FTIR analysis confirmed that lignin removal, structural modification and cellulose crystalline variation were responsible for the improvement. 29414168 1 12 theme Pennisetum 172:181 arg1 Hybrid 183:188 Pennisetum Hybrid 172:188 Pennisetum Hybrid 172:188 Alkaline pretreatment with NaOH was used to improve methane yield from Pennisetum Hybrid. 29414168 3 13 theme significant 462:472 arg1 effects 474:480 significant effects 462:480 significant effects of the pretreatments on the yield of methane 462:525 All treated and untreated Pennisetum Hybrid were digested under mesophilic conditions (37 °C) to biogas, significant effects of the pretreatments on the yield of methane were observed. 29414168 3 14 theme untreated 373:381 arg1 Hybrid 394:399 All treated and untreated Pennisetum Hybrid 357:399 All treated and untreated Pennisetum Hybrid 357:399 All treated and untreated Pennisetum Hybrid were digested under mesophilic conditions (37 °C) to biogas, significant effects of the pretreatments on the yield of methane were observed. 29414168 0 15 theme methane 10:16 arg1 production 18:27 methane production 10:27 methane production 10:27 Improving methane production from anaerobic digestion of Pennisetum Hybrid by alkaline pretreatment. 29414168 5 16 from improvement 872:882 arg1 yield 899:903 the methane yield 887:903 the methane yield 887:903 The best result, obtained by the treatment at 35 °C 2% NaOH for 24 h, resulted in the methane yield of 301.7 mL/g VS, corresponding to 21.0% improvement in the methane yield. 29414168 4 17 theme determination 602:614 arg1 R2 630:631 R2 630:631 R2 630:631 Results showed the modified Gompertz equation was reliable (determination coefficients (R2) greater than 0.96) to describe the kinetic behavior of anaerobic digestion of Pennisetum Hybrid. 29414168 4 17 theme determination 602:614 arg1 coefficients 616:627 determination coefficients 602:627 determination coefficients (R2) greater than 0.96 602:650 Results showed the modified Gompertz equation was reliable (determination coefficients (R2) greater than 0.96) to describe the kinetic behavior of anaerobic digestion of Pennisetum Hybrid. 29414168 5 18 theme best 735:738 arg1 result 740:745 The best result 731:745 The best result 731:745 The best result, obtained by the treatment at 35 °C 2% NaOH for 24 h, resulted in the methane yield of 301.7 mL/g VS, corresponding to 21.0% improvement in the methane yield. 29414168 1 19 used used 137:140 arg2 pretreatment 110:121 Alkaline pretreatment 101:121 Alkaline pretreatment with NaOH 101:131 Alkaline pretreatment with NaOH was used to improve methane yield from Pennisetum Hybrid. 29414168 3 20 theme treated 361:367 arg1 Hybrid 394:399 All treated and untreated Pennisetum Hybrid 357:399 All treated and untreated Pennisetum Hybrid 357:399 All treated and untreated Pennisetum Hybrid were digested under mesophilic conditions (37 °C) to biogas, significant effects of the pretreatments on the yield of methane were observed. 29414168 4 21 theme kinetic 669:675 arg1 behavior 677:684 the kinetic behavior 665:684 the kinetic behavior of anaerobic digestion of Pennisetum Hybrid 665:728 Results showed the modified Gompertz equation was reliable (determination coefficients (R2) greater than 0.96) to describe the kinetic behavior of anaerobic digestion of Pennisetum Hybrid. 29414168 5 22 theme methane 891:897 arg1 yield 899:903 the methane yield 887:903 the methane yield 887:903 The best result, obtained by the treatment at 35 °C 2% NaOH for 24 h, resulted in the methane yield of 301.7 mL/g VS, corresponding to 21.0% improvement in the methane yield. 29414168 4 23 theme modified 561:568 arg1 equation 579:586 the modified Gompertz equation 557:586 the modified Gompertz equation 557:586 Results showed the modified Gompertz equation was reliable (determination coefficients (R2) greater than 0.96) to describe the kinetic behavior of anaerobic digestion of Pennisetum Hybrid. 29414168 1 24 theme Alkaline 101:108 arg1 pretreatment 110:121 Alkaline pretreatment 101:121 Alkaline pretreatment with NaOH 101:131 Alkaline pretreatment with NaOH was used to improve methane yield from Pennisetum Hybrid. 29414168 3 25 theme pretreatments 489:501 arg1 effects 474:480 significant effects 462:480 significant effects of the pretreatments on the yield of methane 462:525 All treated and untreated Pennisetum Hybrid were digested under mesophilic conditions (37 °C) to biogas, significant effects of the pretreatments on the yield of methane were observed. 29414168 3 26 theme methane 519:525 arg1 yield 510:514 the yield 506:514 the yield of methane 506:525 All treated and untreated Pennisetum Hybrid were digested under mesophilic conditions (37 °C) to biogas, significant effects of the pretreatments on the yield of methane were observed. 29414168 5 27 theme % 784:784 arg1 NaOH 786:789 35 °C 2% NaOH 777:789 35 °C 2% NaOH for 24 h 777:798 The best result, obtained by the treatment at 35 °C 2% NaOH for 24 h, resulted in the methane yield of 301.7 mL/g VS, corresponding to 21.0% improvement in the methane yield. 29414168 3 28 theme Pennisetum 383:392 arg1 Hybrid 394:399 All treated and untreated Pennisetum Hybrid 357:399 All treated and untreated Pennisetum Hybrid 357:399 All treated and untreated Pennisetum Hybrid were digested under mesophilic conditions (37 °C) to biogas, significant effects of the pretreatments on the yield of methane were observed. 29414168 0 29 theme anaerobic 34:42 arg1 digestion 44:52 anaerobic digestion 34:52 anaerobic digestion of Pennisetum Hybrid by alkaline pretreatment 34:98 Improving methane production from anaerobic digestion of Pennisetum Hybrid by alkaline pretreatment. 29414168 2 30 theme NaOH 241:244 arg1 solutions 246:254 different NaOH solutions 231:254 different NaOH solutions (2-8% w/w) 231:265 The pretreatments were carried out with different NaOH solutions (2-8% w/w) at three temperatures (35, 55 and 121 °C) for different periods of time (24, 24 and 1 h). 29414168 2 30 theme NaOH 241:244 arg1 % 260:260 2-8% w/w 257:264 2-8% w/w 257:264 The pretreatments were carried out with different NaOH solutions (2-8% w/w) at three temperatures (35, 55 and 121 °C) for different periods of time (24, 24 and 1 h). 29414168 4 31 theme Gompertz 570:577 arg1 equation 579:586 the modified Gompertz equation 557:586 the modified Gompertz equation 557:586 Results showed the modified Gompertz equation was reliable (determination coefficients (R2) greater than 0.96) to describe the kinetic behavior of anaerobic digestion of Pennisetum Hybrid. 29414168 0 32 theme Pennisetum 57:66 arg1 Hybrid 68:73 Pennisetum Hybrid 57:73 Pennisetum Hybrid 57:73 Improving methane production from anaerobic digestion of Pennisetum Hybrid by alkaline pretreatment. 29414168 2 33 theme different 231:239 arg1 solutions 246:254 different NaOH solutions 231:254 different NaOH solutions (2-8% w/w) 231:265 The pretreatments were carried out with different NaOH solutions (2-8% w/w) at three temperatures (35, 55 and 121 °C) for different periods of time (24, 24 and 1 h). 29414168 2 33 theme different 231:239 arg1 % 260:260 2-8% w/w 257:264 2-8% w/w 257:264 The pretreatments were carried out with different NaOH solutions (2-8% w/w) at three temperatures (35, 55 and 121 °C) for different periods of time (24, 24 and 1 h). 29414168 6 34 theme cellulose 1007:1015 arg1 variation 1029:1037 cellulose crystalline variation 1007:1037 cellulose crystalline variation 1007:1037 Compositional, SEM, XRD and FTIR analysis confirmed that lignin removal, structural modification and cellulose crystalline variation were responsible for the improvement. 29414168 4 35 dep showed 550:555 arg1 reliable 592:599 reliable 592:599 reliable 592:599 Results showed the modified Gompertz equation was reliable (determination coefficients (R2) greater than 0.96) to describe the kinetic behavior of anaerobic digestion of Pennisetum Hybrid. 29414168 1 36 theme methane 153:159 arg1 yield 161:165 methane yield 153:165 methane yield from Pennisetum Hybrid 153:188 Alkaline pretreatment with NaOH was used to improve methane yield from Pennisetum Hybrid. 29414168 4 37 theme greater 634:640 arg1 R2 630:631 R2 630:631 R2 630:631 Results showed the modified Gompertz equation was reliable (determination coefficients (R2) greater than 0.96) to describe the kinetic behavior of anaerobic digestion of Pennisetum Hybrid. 29414168 4 37 theme greater 634:640 arg1 coefficients 616:627 determination coefficients 602:627 determination coefficients (R2) greater than 0.96 602:650 Results showed the modified Gompertz equation was reliable (determination coefficients (R2) greater than 0.96) to describe the kinetic behavior of anaerobic digestion of Pennisetum Hybrid. 29414168 5 38 theme % 870:870 arg1 improvement 872:882 21.0% improvement 866:882 21.0% improvement in the methane yield 866:903 The best result, obtained by the treatment at 35 °C 2% NaOH for 24 h, resulted in the methane yield of 301.7 mL/g VS, corresponding to 21.0% improvement in the methane yield. 29414168 4 39 theme Pennisetum 712:721 arg1 Hybrid 723:728 Pennisetum Hybrid 712:728 Pennisetum Hybrid 712:728 Results showed the modified Gompertz equation was reliable (determination coefficients (R2) greater than 0.96) to describe the kinetic behavior of anaerobic digestion of Pennisetum Hybrid. 29414168 5 40 theme 301.7 mL/g 834:843 arg1 yield 825:829 the methane yield 813:829 the methane yield of 301.7 mL/g 813:843 The best result, obtained by the treatment at 35 °C 2% NaOH for 24 h, resulted in the methane yield of 301.7 mL/g VS, corresponding to 21.0% improvement in the methane yield. 29414168 4 41 theme anaerobic 689:697 arg1 digestion 699:707 anaerobic digestion 689:707 anaerobic digestion of Pennisetum Hybrid 689:728 Results showed the modified Gompertz equation was reliable (determination coefficients (R2) greater than 0.96) to describe the kinetic behavior of anaerobic digestion of Pennisetum Hybrid. 29414168 3 42 theme mesophilic 421:430 arg1 conditions 432:441 mesophilic conditions 421:441 mesophilic conditions (37 °C) 421:449 All treated and untreated Pennisetum Hybrid were digested under mesophilic conditions (37 °C) to biogas, significant effects of the pretreatments on the yield of methane were observed. 29414168 3 42 theme mesophilic 421:430 arg1 37 °C 444:448 37 °C 444:448 37 °C 444:448 All treated and untreated Pennisetum Hybrid were digested under mesophilic conditions (37 °C) to biogas, significant effects of the pretreatments on the yield of methane were observed. 29414168 4 43 dep reliable 592:599 arg1 R2 630:631 R2 630:631 R2 630:631 Results showed the modified Gompertz equation was reliable (determination coefficients (R2) greater than 0.96) to describe the kinetic behavior of anaerobic digestion of Pennisetum Hybrid. 29414168 4 43 dep reliable 592:599 arg1 coefficients 616:627 determination coefficients 602:627 determination coefficients (R2) greater than 0.96 602:650 Results showed the modified Gompertz equation was reliable (determination coefficients (R2) greater than 0.96) to describe the kinetic behavior of anaerobic digestion of Pennisetum Hybrid. 29414168 2 44 theme time 334:337 arg1 periods 323:329 different periods 313:329 different periods of time 313:337 The pretreatments were carried out with different NaOH solutions (2-8% w/w) at three temperatures (35, 55 and 121 °C) for different periods of time (24, 24 and 1 h). 29414168 5 45 theme 35 °C 777:781 arg1 NaOH 786:789 35 °C 2% NaOH 777:789 35 °C 2% NaOH for 24 h 777:798 The best result, obtained by the treatment at 35 °C 2% NaOH for 24 h, resulted in the methane yield of 301.7 mL/g VS, corresponding to 21.0% improvement in the methane yield. 29414168 0 46 theme Hybrid 68:73 arg1 digestion 44:52 anaerobic digestion 34:52 anaerobic digestion of Pennisetum Hybrid by alkaline pretreatment 34:98 Improving methane production from anaerobic digestion of Pennisetum Hybrid by alkaline pretreatment. 29414168 4 47 theme Hybrid 723:728 arg1 digestion 699:707 anaerobic digestion 689:707 anaerobic digestion of Pennisetum Hybrid 689:728 Results showed the modified Gompertz equation was reliable (determination coefficients (R2) greater than 0.96) to describe the kinetic behavior of anaerobic digestion of Pennisetum Hybrid. 29414168 1 48 with pretreatment 110:121 arg1 NaOH 128:131 NaOH 128:131 NaOH 128:131 Alkaline pretreatment with NaOH was used to improve methane yield from Pennisetum Hybrid. 29414168 2 49 dep carried 214:220 arg1 1 h 351:353 1 h 351:353 1 h 351:353 The pretreatments were carried out with different NaOH solutions (2-8% w/w) at three temperatures (35, 55 and 121 °C) for different periods of time (24, 24 and 1 h). 29414168 2 49 dep carried 214:220 arg1 24 344:345 24 344:345 24 344:345 The pretreatments were carried out with different NaOH solutions (2-8% w/w) at three temperatures (35, 55 and 121 °C) for different periods of time (24, 24 and 1 h). 29414168 2 49 dep carried 214:220 arg1 121 °C 301:306 121 °C 301:306 121 °C 301:306 The pretreatments were carried out with different NaOH solutions (2-8% w/w) at three temperatures (35, 55 and 121 °C) for different periods of time (24, 24 and 1 h). 29414168 2 49 dep carried 214:220 arg1 55 294:295 55 294:295 55 294:295 The pretreatments were carried out with different NaOH solutions (2-8% w/w) at three temperatures (35, 55 and 121 °C) for different periods of time (24, 24 and 1 h). 25854755 5 0 theme citrus 814:819 arg1 waste 821:825 citrus waste 814:825 citrus waste 814:825 Herein, some of the extraction routes for obtaining nanocellulose from citrus waste are addressed. 25854755 1 1 theme advantageous 159:170 arg1 biodegradability 194:209 biodegradability 194:209 biodegradability 194:209 Nanocellulose is a relatively inexpensive, highly versatile bio-based renewable material with advantageous properties, including biodegradability and nontoxicity. 25854755 1 1 theme advantageous 159:170 arg1 nontoxicity 215:225 nontoxicity 215:225 nontoxicity 215:225 Nanocellulose is a relatively inexpensive, highly versatile bio-based renewable material with advantageous properties, including biodegradability and nontoxicity. 25854755 1 1 theme advantageous 159:170 arg1 properties 172:181 advantageous properties 159:181 advantageous properties 159:181 Nanocellulose is a relatively inexpensive, highly versatile bio-based renewable material with advantageous properties, including biodegradability and nontoxicity. 25854755 7 2 theme resultant 1165:1173 arg1 nanofibers 1175:1184 The resultant nanofibers 1161:1184 The resultant nanofibers 1161:1184 The resultant nanofibers had 55% crystallinity, an average diameter of 10 nm and a length of 458 nm. 25854755 7 3 contain had 1186:1188 arg2 diameter 1220:1227 an average diameter 1209:1227 an average diameter of 10 nm 1209:1236 The resultant nanofibers had 55% crystallinity, an average diameter of 10 nm and a length of 458 nm. 25854755 7 3 contain had 1186:1188 arg1 nanofibers 1175:1184 The resultant nanofibers 1161:1184 The resultant nanofibers 1161:1184 The resultant nanofibers had 55% crystallinity, an average diameter of 10 nm and a length of 458 nm. 25854755 7 3 contain had 1186:1188 arg2 length 1244:1249 a length 1242:1249 a length of 458 nm 1242:1259 The resultant nanofibers had 55% crystallinity, an average diameter of 10 nm and a length of 458 nm. 25854755 7 3 contain had 1186:1188 arg2 crystallinity 1194:1206 55% crystallinity 1190:1206 55% crystallinity 1190:1206 The resultant nanofibers had 55% crystallinity, an average diameter of 10 nm and a length of 458 nm. 25854755 3 4 theme alternatives 534:545 arg1 alternatives 534:545 the best alternatives 525:545 the best alternatives for waste treatment 525:565 Owing to the low energy consumption and the addition of significant value, nanocellulose extraction from agricultural waste is one of the best alternatives for waste treatment. 25854755 3 4 theme alternatives 534:545 arg1 one 518:520 one 518:520 one 518:520 Owing to the low energy consumption and the addition of significant value, nanocellulose extraction from agricultural waste is one of the best alternatives for waste treatment. 25854755 6 5 theme lyophilized 1032:1042 arg1 samples 1044:1050 lyophilized samples 1032:1050 lyophilized samples 1032:1050 The morphology of nanocellulose was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), while cellulose crystallinity indexes (CI) from lyophilized samples were determined using solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements. 25854755 5 6 theme extraction 763:772 arg1 routes 774:779 the extraction routes 759:779 the extraction routes for obtaining nanocellulose from citrus waste 759:825 Herein, some of the extraction routes for obtaining nanocellulose from citrus waste are addressed. 25854755 6 7 theme Electron 955:962 arg1 Microscopy 964:973 Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy 931:973 Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) 931:981 The morphology of nanocellulose was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), while cellulose crystallinity indexes (CI) from lyophilized samples were determined using solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements. 25854755 6 7 theme Electron 955:962 arg1 FESEM 976:980 FESEM 976:980 FESEM 976:980 The morphology of nanocellulose was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), while cellulose crystallinity indexes (CI) from lyophilized samples were determined using solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements. 25854755 1 8 with material 145:152 arg1 biodegradability 194:209 biodegradability 194:209 biodegradability 194:209 Nanocellulose is a relatively inexpensive, highly versatile bio-based renewable material with advantageous properties, including biodegradability and nontoxicity. 25854755 1 8 with material 145:152 arg1 nontoxicity 215:225 nontoxicity 215:225 nontoxicity 215:225 Nanocellulose is a relatively inexpensive, highly versatile bio-based renewable material with advantageous properties, including biodegradability and nontoxicity. 25854755 1 8 with material 145:152 arg1 properties 172:181 advantageous properties 159:181 advantageous properties 159:181 Nanocellulose is a relatively inexpensive, highly versatile bio-based renewable material with advantageous properties, including biodegradability and nontoxicity. 25854755 4 9 theme resultant 725:733 arg1 fibers 735:740 the resultant fibers 721:740 the resultant fibers 721:740 Different techniques for the isolation and purification of nanocellulose have been reported, and combining these techniques influences the morphology of the resultant fibers. 25854755 7 10 theme nm 1235:1236 arg1 diameter 1220:1227 an average diameter 1209:1227 an average diameter of 10 nm 1209:1236 The resultant nanofibers had 55% crystallinity, an average diameter of 10 nm and a length of 458 nm. 25854755 7 10 theme nm 1235:1236 arg1 length 1244:1249 a length 1242:1249 a length of 458 nm 1242:1259 The resultant nanofibers had 55% crystallinity, an average diameter of 10 nm and a length of 458 nm. 25854755 7 10 theme nm 1235:1236 arg1 crystallinity 1194:1206 55% crystallinity 1190:1206 55% crystallinity 1190:1206 The resultant nanofibers had 55% crystallinity, an average diameter of 10 nm and a length of 458 nm. 25854755 6 11 theme Scanning 946:953 arg1 Microscopy 964:973 Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy 931:973 Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) 931:981 The morphology of nanocellulose was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), while cellulose crystallinity indexes (CI) from lyophilized samples were determined using solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements. 25854755 6 11 theme Scanning 946:953 arg1 FESEM 976:980 FESEM 976:980 FESEM 976:980 The morphology of nanocellulose was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), while cellulose crystallinity indexes (CI) from lyophilized samples were determined using solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements. 25854755 7 12 theme nm 1258:1259 arg1 diameter 1220:1227 an average diameter 1209:1227 an average diameter of 10 nm 1209:1236 The resultant nanofibers had 55% crystallinity, an average diameter of 10 nm and a length of 458 nm. 25854755 7 12 theme nm 1258:1259 arg1 length 1244:1249 a length 1242:1249 a length of 458 nm 1242:1259 The resultant nanofibers had 55% crystallinity, an average diameter of 10 nm and a length of 458 nm. 25854755 7 12 theme nm 1258:1259 arg1 crystallinity 1194:1206 55% crystallinity 1190:1206 55% crystallinity 1190:1206 The resultant nanofibers had 55% crystallinity, an average diameter of 10 nm and a length of 458 nm. 25854755 3 13 theme best 529:532 arg1 alternatives 534:545 the best alternatives 525:545 the best alternatives for waste treatment 525:565 Owing to the low energy consumption and the addition of significant value, nanocellulose extraction from agricultural waste is one of the best alternatives for waste treatment. 25854755 4 14 theme nanocellulose 627:639 arg1 purification 611:622 purification 611:622 purification 611:622 Different techniques for the isolation and purification of nanocellulose have been reported, and combining these techniques influences the morphology of the resultant fibers. 25854755 4 14 theme nanocellulose 627:639 arg1 isolation 597:605 isolation 597:605 isolation 597:605 Different techniques for the isolation and purification of nanocellulose have been reported, and combining these techniques influences the morphology of the resultant fibers. 25854755 6 15 theme Emission 937:944 arg1 Microscopy 964:973 Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy 931:973 Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) 931:981 The morphology of nanocellulose was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), while cellulose crystallinity indexes (CI) from lyophilized samples were determined using solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements. 25854755 6 15 theme Emission 937:944 arg1 FESEM 976:980 FESEM 976:980 FESEM 976:980 The morphology of nanocellulose was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), while cellulose crystallinity indexes (CI) from lyophilized samples were determined using solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements. 25854755 6 16 theme Resonance 1103:1111 arg1 measurements 1147:1158 solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements 1074:1158 solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements 1074:1158 The morphology of nanocellulose was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), while cellulose crystallinity indexes (CI) from lyophilized samples were determined using solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements. 25854755 6 17 theme X-Ray 1123:1127 arg1 Diffraction 1129:1139 X-Ray Diffraction 1123:1139 X-Ray Diffraction 1123:1139 The morphology of nanocellulose was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), while cellulose crystallinity indexes (CI) from lyophilized samples were determined using solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements. 25854755 6 18 theme Field 931:935 arg1 Microscopy 964:973 Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy 931:973 Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) 931:981 The morphology of nanocellulose was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), while cellulose crystallinity indexes (CI) from lyophilized samples were determined using solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements. 25854755 6 18 theme Field 931:935 arg1 FESEM 976:980 FESEM 976:980 FESEM 976:980 The morphology of nanocellulose was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), while cellulose crystallinity indexes (CI) from lyophilized samples were determined using solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements. 25854755 7 19 theme average 1212:1218 arg1 diameter 1220:1227 an average diameter 1209:1227 an average diameter of 10 nm 1209:1236 The resultant nanofibers had 55% crystallinity, an average diameter of 10 nm and a length of 458 nm. 25854755 7 19 theme average 1212:1218 arg1 crystallinity 1194:1206 55% crystallinity 1190:1206 55% crystallinity 1190:1206 The resultant nanofibers had 55% crystallinity, an average diameter of 10 nm and a length of 458 nm. 25854755 6 20 theme Diffraction 1129:1139 arg1 measurements 1147:1158 solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements 1074:1158 solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements 1074:1158 The morphology of nanocellulose was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), while cellulose crystallinity indexes (CI) from lyophilized samples were determined using solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements. 25854755 3 21 theme nanocellulose 466:478 arg1 extraction 480:489 nanocellulose extraction 466:489 nanocellulose extraction from agricultural waste 466:513 Owing to the low energy consumption and the addition of significant value, nanocellulose extraction from agricultural waste is one of the best alternatives for waste treatment. 25854755 3 22 theme energy 408:413 arg1 consumption 415:425 the low energy consumption 400:425 the low energy consumption 400:425 Owing to the low energy consumption and the addition of significant value, nanocellulose extraction from agricultural waste is one of the best alternatives for waste treatment. 25854755 6 23 from samples 1044:1050 arg1 indexes 1014:1020 cellulose crystallinity indexes 990:1020 cellulose crystallinity indexes (CI) from lyophilized samples 990:1050 The morphology of nanocellulose was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), while cellulose crystallinity indexes (CI) from lyophilized samples were determined using solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements. 25854755 6 23 from samples 1044:1050 arg1 CI 1023:1024 CI 1023:1024 CI 1023:1024 The morphology of nanocellulose was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), while cellulose crystallinity indexes (CI) from lyophilized samples were determined using solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements. 25854755 3 24 theme significant 447:457 arg1 value 459:463 significant value 447:463 significant value 447:463 Owing to the low energy consumption and the addition of significant value, nanocellulose extraction from agricultural waste is one of the best alternatives for waste treatment. 25854755 0 25 theme Enhanced 0:7 arg1 materials 9:17 Enhanced materials 0:17 Enhanced materials from nature: nanocellulose from citrus waste. 0:63 Enhanced materials from nature: nanocellulose from citrus waste. 25854755 6 26 theme nanocellulose 860:872 arg1 morphology 846:855 The morphology 842:855 The morphology of nanocellulose 842:872 The morphology of nanocellulose was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), while cellulose crystallinity indexes (CI) from lyophilized samples were determined using solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements. 25854755 6 27 theme Electron 901:908 arg1 SEM 922:924 SEM 922:924 SEM 922:924 The morphology of nanocellulose was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), while cellulose crystallinity indexes (CI) from lyophilized samples were determined using solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements. 25854755 6 27 theme Electron 901:908 arg1 Microscopy 910:919 Scanning Electron Microscopy 892:919 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) 892:925 The morphology of nanocellulose was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), while cellulose crystallinity indexes (CI) from lyophilized samples were determined using solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements. 25854755 3 28 theme value 459:463 arg1 consumption 415:425 the low energy consumption 400:425 the low energy consumption 400:425 Owing to the low energy consumption and the addition of significant value, nanocellulose extraction from agricultural waste is one of the best alternatives for waste treatment. 25854755 3 28 theme value 459:463 arg1 addition 435:442 the addition 431:442 the addition of significant value 431:463 Owing to the low energy consumption and the addition of significant value, nanocellulose extraction from agricultural waste is one of the best alternatives for waste treatment. 25854755 2 29 theme composites 334:343 arg1 preparation 302:312 the preparation 298:312 the preparation of high-performance composites 298:343 Numerous potential applications of nanocellulose, such as its use for the preparation of high-performance composites, have attracted much attention from industry. 25854755 3 30 theme agricultural 496:507 arg1 waste 509:513 agricultural waste 496:513 agricultural waste 496:513 Owing to the low energy consumption and the addition of significant value, nanocellulose extraction from agricultural waste is one of the best alternatives for waste treatment. 25854755 3 31 theme low 404:406 arg1 consumption 415:425 the low energy consumption 400:425 the low energy consumption 400:425 Owing to the low energy consumption and the addition of significant value, nanocellulose extraction from agricultural waste is one of the best alternatives for waste treatment. 25854755 2 32 theme high-performance 317:332 arg1 composites 334:343 high-performance composites 317:343 high-performance composites 317:343 Numerous potential applications of nanocellulose, such as its use for the preparation of high-performance composites, have attracted much attention from industry. 25854755 4 33 theme fibers 735:740 arg1 morphology 707:716 the morphology 703:716 the morphology of the resultant fibers 703:740 Different techniques for the isolation and purification of nanocellulose have been reported, and combining these techniques influences the morphology of the resultant fibers. 25854755 7 34 theme 55 1190:1191 arg1 % 1192:1192 % 1192:1192 % 1192:1192 The resultant nanofibers had 55% crystallinity, an average diameter of 10 nm and a length of 458 nm. 25854755 6 35 theme crystallinity 1000:1012 arg1 indexes 1014:1020 cellulose crystallinity indexes 990:1020 cellulose crystallinity indexes (CI) from lyophilized samples 990:1050 The morphology of nanocellulose was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), while cellulose crystallinity indexes (CI) from lyophilized samples were determined using solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements. 25854755 6 35 theme crystallinity 1000:1012 arg1 CI 1023:1024 CI 1023:1024 CI 1023:1024 The morphology of nanocellulose was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), while cellulose crystallinity indexes (CI) from lyophilized samples were determined using solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements. 25854755 6 36 theme Magnetic 1094:1101 arg1 Resonance 1103:1111 solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 1074:1111 solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) 1074:1117 The morphology of nanocellulose was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), while cellulose crystallinity indexes (CI) from lyophilized samples were determined using solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements. 25854755 6 36 theme Magnetic 1094:1101 arg1 XRD 1142:1144 XRD 1142:1144 XRD 1142:1144 The morphology of nanocellulose was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), while cellulose crystallinity indexes (CI) from lyophilized samples were determined using solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements. 25854755 6 36 theme Magnetic 1094:1101 arg1 NMR 1114:1116 NMR 1114:1116 NMR 1114:1116 The morphology of nanocellulose was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), while cellulose crystallinity indexes (CI) from lyophilized samples were determined using solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements. 25854755 7 37 theme % 1192:1192 arg1 diameter 1220:1227 an average diameter 1209:1227 an average diameter of 10 nm 1209:1236 The resultant nanofibers had 55% crystallinity, an average diameter of 10 nm and a length of 458 nm. 25854755 7 37 theme % 1192:1192 arg1 length 1244:1249 a length 1242:1249 a length of 458 nm 1242:1259 The resultant nanofibers had 55% crystallinity, an average diameter of 10 nm and a length of 458 nm. 25854755 7 37 theme % 1192:1192 arg1 crystallinity 1194:1206 55% crystallinity 1190:1206 55% crystallinity 1190:1206 The resultant nanofibers had 55% crystallinity, an average diameter of 10 nm and a length of 458 nm. 25854755 6 38 theme cellulose 990:998 arg1 indexes 1014:1020 cellulose crystallinity indexes 990:1020 cellulose crystallinity indexes (CI) from lyophilized samples 990:1050 The morphology of nanocellulose was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), while cellulose crystallinity indexes (CI) from lyophilized samples were determined using solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements. 25854755 6 38 theme cellulose 990:998 arg1 CI 1023:1024 CI 1023:1024 CI 1023:1024 The morphology of nanocellulose was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), while cellulose crystallinity indexes (CI) from lyophilized samples were determined using solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements. 25854755 2 39 theme nanocellulose 263:275 arg1 applications 247:258 Numerous potential applications 228:258 Numerous potential applications 228:258 Numerous potential applications of nanocellulose, such as its use for the preparation of high-performance composites, have attracted much attention from industry. 25854755 2 39 theme nanocellulose 263:275 arg1 use 290:292 its use 286:292 its use for the preparation of high-performance composites 286:343 Numerous potential applications of nanocellulose, such as its use for the preparation of high-performance composites, have attracted much attention from industry. 25854755 6 40 theme Nuclear 1086:1092 arg1 Resonance 1103:1111 solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 1074:1111 solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) 1074:1117 The morphology of nanocellulose was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), while cellulose crystallinity indexes (CI) from lyophilized samples were determined using solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements. 25854755 6 40 theme Nuclear 1086:1092 arg1 XRD 1142:1144 XRD 1142:1144 XRD 1142:1144 The morphology of nanocellulose was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), while cellulose crystallinity indexes (CI) from lyophilized samples were determined using solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements. 25854755 6 40 theme Nuclear 1086:1092 arg1 NMR 1114:1116 NMR 1114:1116 NMR 1114:1116 The morphology of nanocellulose was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), while cellulose crystallinity indexes (CI) from lyophilized samples were determined using solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements. 25854755 0 41 theme citrus 51:56 arg1 waste 58:62 citrus waste 51:62 citrus waste 51:62 Enhanced materials from nature: nanocellulose from citrus waste. 25854755 0 42 from waste 58:62 arg1 nanocellulose 32:44 nanocellulose 32:44 Enhanced materials from nature: nanocellulose from citrus waste. 0:63 Enhanced materials from nature: nanocellulose from citrus waste. 25854755 2 43 theme potential 237:245 arg1 applications 247:258 Numerous potential applications 228:258 Numerous potential applications 228:258 Numerous potential applications of nanocellulose, such as its use for the preparation of high-performance composites, have attracted much attention from industry. 25854755 2 43 theme potential 237:245 arg1 use 290:292 its use 286:292 its use for the preparation of high-performance composites 286:343 Numerous potential applications of nanocellulose, such as its use for the preparation of high-performance composites, have attracted much attention from industry. 25854755 6 44 theme Scanning 892:899 arg1 SEM 922:924 SEM 922:924 SEM 922:924 The morphology of nanocellulose was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), while cellulose crystallinity indexes (CI) from lyophilized samples were determined using solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements. 25854755 6 44 theme Scanning 892:899 arg1 Microscopy 910:919 Scanning Electron Microscopy 892:919 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) 892:925 The morphology of nanocellulose was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), while cellulose crystallinity indexes (CI) from lyophilized samples were determined using solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements. 25854755 4 45 theme Different 568:576 arg1 techniques 578:587 Different techniques 568:587 Different techniques for the isolation and purification of nanocellulose 568:639 Different techniques for the isolation and purification of nanocellulose have been reported, and combining these techniques influences the morphology of the resultant fibers. 25854755 2 46 theme Numerous 228:235 arg1 applications 247:258 Numerous potential applications 228:258 Numerous potential applications 228:258 Numerous potential applications of nanocellulose, such as its use for the preparation of high-performance composites, have attracted much attention from industry. 25854755 2 46 theme Numerous 228:235 arg1 use 290:292 its use 286:292 its use for the preparation of high-performance composites 286:343 Numerous potential applications of nanocellulose, such as its use for the preparation of high-performance composites, have attracted much attention from industry. 25854755 3 47 from waste 509:513 arg1 extraction 480:489 nanocellulose extraction 466:489 nanocellulose extraction from agricultural waste 466:513 Owing to the low energy consumption and the addition of significant value, nanocellulose extraction from agricultural waste is one of the best alternatives for waste treatment. 25854755 1 48 theme bio-based 125:133 arg1 Nanocellulose 65:77 Nanocellulose 65:77 Nanocellulose 65:77 Nanocellulose is a relatively inexpensive, highly versatile bio-based renewable material with advantageous properties, including biodegradability and nontoxicity. 25854755 1 48 theme bio-based 125:133 arg1 material 145:152 a relatively inexpensive, highly versatile bio-based renewable material 82:152 a relatively inexpensive, highly versatile bio-based renewable material with advantageous properties, including biodegradability and nontoxicity 82:225 Nanocellulose is a relatively inexpensive, highly versatile bio-based renewable material with advantageous properties, including biodegradability and nontoxicity. 25854755 1 49 theme inexpensive 95:105 arg1 Nanocellulose 65:77 Nanocellulose 65:77 Nanocellulose 65:77 Nanocellulose is a relatively inexpensive, highly versatile bio-based renewable material with advantageous properties, including biodegradability and nontoxicity. 25854755 1 49 theme inexpensive 95:105 arg1 material 145:152 a relatively inexpensive, highly versatile bio-based renewable material 82:152 a relatively inexpensive, highly versatile bio-based renewable material with advantageous properties, including biodegradability and nontoxicity 82:225 Nanocellulose is a relatively inexpensive, highly versatile bio-based renewable material with advantageous properties, including biodegradability and nontoxicity. 25854755 6 50 theme solid-state 1074:1084 arg1 Resonance 1103:1111 solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 1074:1111 solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) 1074:1117 The morphology of nanocellulose was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), while cellulose crystallinity indexes (CI) from lyophilized samples were determined using solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements. 25854755 6 50 theme solid-state 1074:1084 arg1 XRD 1142:1144 XRD 1142:1144 XRD 1142:1144 The morphology of nanocellulose was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), while cellulose crystallinity indexes (CI) from lyophilized samples were determined using solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements. 25854755 6 50 theme solid-state 1074:1084 arg1 NMR 1114:1116 NMR 1114:1116 NMR 1114:1116 The morphology of nanocellulose was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), while cellulose crystallinity indexes (CI) from lyophilized samples were determined using solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements. 25854755 1 51 theme renewable 135:143 arg1 Nanocellulose 65:77 Nanocellulose 65:77 Nanocellulose 65:77 Nanocellulose is a relatively inexpensive, highly versatile bio-based renewable material with advantageous properties, including biodegradability and nontoxicity. 25854755 1 51 theme renewable 135:143 arg1 material 145:152 a relatively inexpensive, highly versatile bio-based renewable material 82:152 a relatively inexpensive, highly versatile bio-based renewable material with advantageous properties, including biodegradability and nontoxicity 82:225 Nanocellulose is a relatively inexpensive, highly versatile bio-based renewable material with advantageous properties, including biodegradability and nontoxicity. 25854755 2 52 theme much 361:364 arg1 attention 366:374 much attention 361:374 much attention 361:374 Numerous potential applications of nanocellulose, such as its use for the preparation of high-performance composites, have attracted much attention from industry. 25854755 0 53 dep materials 9:17 arg1 nanocellulose 32:44 nanocellulose 32:44 Enhanced materials from nature: nanocellulose from citrus waste. 0:63 Enhanced materials from nature: nanocellulose from citrus waste. 25854755 1 54 dep inexpensive 95:105 arg1 versatile 115:123 versatile 115:123 versatile 115:123 Nanocellulose is a relatively inexpensive, highly versatile bio-based renewable material with advantageous properties, including biodegradability and nontoxicity. 25854755 0 55 from nature 24:29 arg1 materials 9:17 Enhanced materials 0:17 Enhanced materials from nature: nanocellulose from citrus waste. 0:63 Enhanced materials from nature: nanocellulose from citrus waste. 25854755 3 56 theme waste 551:555 arg1 treatment 557:565 waste treatment 551:565 waste treatment 551:565 Owing to the low energy consumption and the addition of significant value, nanocellulose extraction from agricultural waste is one of the best alternatives for waste treatment. 28104468 2 0 from ceramics 379:386 arg1 flow 405:408 a directional flow 391:408 a directional flow 391:408 MATERIAL AND METHODS Using the flow chamber developed by the group, porous ceramics in a directional flow were filled with alginates of different composition containing 50mg/mL of antibiotics. 28104468 16 1 theme infections 1935:1944 arg1 treatment 1917:1925 treatment 1917:1925 treatment of bone infections 1917:1944 Eventually, this system should be applied as treatment of bone infections. 28104468 16 1 theme infections 1935:1944 arg1 system 1889:1894 this system 1884:1894 this system 1884:1894 Eventually, this system should be applied as treatment of bone infections. 28104468 5 2 theme statistical 785:795 arg1 purposes 797:804 statistical purposes 785:804 statistical purposes 785:804 For statistical purposes, the mean and standard deviation were calculated and analyzed by ANOVA. 28104468 8 3 with release 1101:1107 arg1 source 1155:1160 an internal calcium source 1135:1160 an internal calcium source 1135:1160 The release of VAN from alginate with an internal calcium source could only be observed over 14days. 28104468 0 4 theme delayed 76:82 arg1 release 84:90 delayed release 76:90 delayed release of antibiotics 76:105 Composite material consisting of microporous β-TCP ceramic and alginate for delayed release of antibiotics. 28104468 10 5 theme sterile 1299:1305 arg1 % 1324:1324 the sterile alginate 40.5±6.4% 1295:1324 the sterile alginate 40.5±6.4% 1295:1324 The native alginate's burst release was 54.1±7.8%; that of the sterile alginate 40.5±6.4%. 28104468 11 6 theme study 1388:1392 arg1 period 1394:1399 the entire study period 1377:1399 the entire study period for VAN 1377:1407 The microtiter experiments revealed efficacy over the entire study period for VAN. 28104468 13 7 theme release 1563:1569 arg1 systems 1571:1577 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Drug release systems 1532:1577 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Drug release systems based on β-TCP and hydrogels 1532:1606 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Drug release systems based on β-TCP and hydrogels are well documented in literature. 28104468 13 8 theme STATEMENT 1532:1540 arg1 systems 1571:1577 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Drug release systems 1532:1577 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Drug release systems based on β-TCP and hydrogels 1532:1606 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Drug release systems based on β-TCP and hydrogels are well documented in literature. 28104468 0 9 theme antibiotics 95:105 arg1 release 84:90 delayed release 76:90 delayed release of antibiotics 76:105 Composite material consisting of microporous β-TCP ceramic and alginate for delayed release of antibiotics. 28104468 12 10 from well 1469:1472 arg1 range 1479:1483 a range 1477:1483 a range of 0.5-2.0μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus 1477:1529 The MIC value was determined in the release experiments as well in a range of 0.5-2.0μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus. 28104468 6 11 from alginate 910:917 arg1 release 890:896 The release 886:896 The release of VAN from alginate 886:917 RESULTS The release of VAN from alginate was carried out via an external calcium source over the entire period with concentrations above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). 28104468 15 12 theme biodegradable 1849:1861 arg1 ceramic 1863:1869 a porous biodegradable ceramic 1840:1869 a porous biodegradable ceramic 1840:1869 In our work, we do the opposite, a hydrogel which acts as reservoir for antibiotics is placed into a porous biodegradable ceramic. 28104468 5 13 theme standard 820:827 arg1 deviation 829:837 the mean and standard deviation 807:837 the mean and standard deviation 807:837 For statistical purposes, the mean and standard deviation were calculated and analyzed by ANOVA. 28104468 17 14 theme mechanical 2020:2029 arg1 stability 2031:2039 mechanical stability 2020:2039 mechanical stability 2020:2039 Contrary to the "granule in hydrogel" composites it has the advantage of mechanical stability. 28104468 4 15 theme microtiter 762:771 arg1 trials 773:778 microtiter trials 762:778 microtiter trials 762:778 At defined times (1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 14, 20 and 28days), the liquid was completely exchanged and analyzed by capillary zone electrophoresis and microtiter trials. 28104468 10 16 theme native 1240:1245 arg1 release 1264:1270 The native alginate's burst release 1236:1270 The native alginate's burst release 1236:1270 The native alginate's burst release was 54.1±7.8%; that of the sterile alginate 40.5±6.4%. 28104468 10 16 theme native 1240:1245 arg1 % 1284:1284 54.1±7.8% 1276:1284 54.1±7.8% 1276:1284 The native alginate's burst release was 54.1±7.8%; that of the sterile alginate 40.5±6.4%. 28104468 12 17 theme 0.5-2.0μg/mL 1488:1499 arg1 range 1479:1483 a range 1477:1483 a range of 0.5-2.0μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus 1477:1529 The MIC value was determined in the release experiments as well in a range of 0.5-2.0μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus. 28104468 7 18 theme burst 1063:1067 arg1 release 1069:1075 The burst release 1059:1075 The burst release 1059:1075 The burst release measured 35.2±1.5%. 28104468 17 19 theme stability 2031:2039 arg1 advantage 2007:2015 the advantage 2003:2015 the advantage of mechanical stability 2003:2039 Contrary to the "granule in hydrogel" composites it has the advantage of mechanical stability. 28104468 11 20 theme entire 1381:1386 arg1 period 1394:1399 the entire study period 1377:1399 the entire study period for VAN 1377:1407 The microtiter experiments revealed efficacy over the entire study period for VAN. 28104468 19 21 theme clinical 2175:2182 arg1 use 2184:2186 clinical use 2175:2186 clinical use 2175:2186 For a quicker translation from our scientific research into clinical use, only FDA approved materials were used in this work. 28104468 8 22 theme VAN 1112:1114 arg1 release 1101:1107 The release 1097:1107 The release of VAN from alginate with an internal calcium source 1097:1160 The release of VAN from alginate with an internal calcium source could only be observed over 14days. 28104468 3 23 from 37°C 616:619 arg1 4weeks 606:611 4weeks 606:611 4weeks at 37°C 606:619 After cross-linking the alginate with calcium ions, incubation took place in 10mL double-distilled water for 4weeks at 37°C. 28104468 6 24 with period 982:987 arg1 concentrations 994:1007 concentrations 994:1007 concentrations above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) 994:1056 RESULTS The release of VAN from alginate was carried out via an external calcium source over the entire period with concentrations above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). 28104468 10 25 theme alginate 1307:1314 arg1 % 1324:1324 the sterile alginate 40.5±6.4% 1295:1324 the sterile alginate 40.5±6.4% 1295:1324 The native alginate's burst release was 54.1±7.8%; that of the sterile alginate 40.5±6.4%. 28104468 15 26 theme porous 1842:1847 arg1 ceramic 1863:1869 a porous biodegradable ceramic 1840:1869 a porous biodegradable ceramic 1840:1869 In our work, we do the opposite, a hydrogel which acts as reservoir for antibiotics is placed into a porous biodegradable ceramic. 28104468 19 27 theme quicker 2121:2127 arg1 translation 2129:2139 a quicker translation 2119:2139 a quicker translation from our scientific research into clinical use 2119:2186 For a quicker translation from our scientific research into clinical use, only FDA approved materials were used in this work. 28104468 1 28 theme novel 157:161 arg1 composite 163:171 a novel composite 155:171 a novel composite of microporous β-TCP filled with alginate and Vancomycin (VAN) to prolong the release behavior of the antibiotic for up to 28days 155:301 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to produce a novel composite of microporous β-TCP filled with alginate and Vancomycin (VAN) to prolong the release behavior of the antibiotic for up to 28days. 28104468 1 28 theme novel 157:161 arg1 β-TCP 188:192 microporous β-TCP 176:192 microporous β-TCP filled with alginate and Vancomycin (VAN) 176:234 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to produce a novel composite of microporous β-TCP filled with alginate and Vancomycin (VAN) to prolong the release behavior of the antibiotic for up to 28days. 28104468 2 29 theme directional 393:403 arg1 flow 405:408 a directional flow 391:408 a directional flow 391:408 MATERIAL AND METHODS Using the flow chamber developed by the group, porous ceramics in a directional flow were filled with alginates of different composition containing 50mg/mL of antibiotics. 28104468 4 30 theme zone 737:740 arg1 electrophoresis 742:756 capillary zone electrophoresis 727:756 capillary zone electrophoresis 727:756 At defined times (1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 14, 20 and 28days), the liquid was completely exchanged and analyzed by capillary zone electrophoresis and microtiter trials. 28104468 3 31 theme calcium 535:541 arg1 ions 543:546 calcium ions 535:546 calcium ions 535:546 After cross-linking the alginate with calcium ions, incubation took place in 10mL double-distilled water for 4weeks at 37°C. 28104468 3 32 with alginate 521:528 arg1 ions 543:546 calcium ions 535:546 calcium ions 535:546 After cross-linking the alginate with calcium ions, incubation took place in 10mL double-distilled water for 4weeks at 37°C. 28104468 6 33 theme external 942:949 arg1 source 959:964 an external calcium source 939:964 an external calcium source 939:964 RESULTS The release of VAN from alginate was carried out via an external calcium source over the entire period with concentrations above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). 28104468 0 34 theme Composite 0:8 arg1 material 10:17 Composite material 0:17 Composite material 0:17 Composite material consisting of microporous β-TCP ceramic and alginate for delayed release of antibiotics. 28104468 4 35 theme capillary 727:735 arg1 electrophoresis 742:756 capillary zone electrophoresis 727:756 capillary zone electrophoresis 727:756 At defined times (1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 14, 20 and 28days), the liquid was completely exchanged and analyzed by capillary zone electrophoresis and microtiter trials. 28104468 17 36 theme " 1983:1983 arg1 composites 1985:1994 hydrogel" composites 1975:1994 hydrogel" composites 1975:1994 Contrary to the "granule in hydrogel" composites it has the advantage of mechanical stability. 28104468 2 37 theme flow 335:338 arg1 chamber 340:346 the flow chamber 331:346 the flow chamber developed by the group 331:369 MATERIAL AND METHODS Using the flow chamber developed by the group, porous ceramics in a directional flow were filled with alginates of different composition containing 50mg/mL of antibiotics. 28104468 16 38 theme bone 1930:1933 arg1 infections 1935:1944 bone infections 1930:1944 bone infections 1930:1944 Eventually, this system should be applied as treatment of bone infections. 28104468 1 39 theme release 251:257 arg1 behavior 259:266 the release behavior 247:266 the release behavior of the antibiotic for up to 28days 247:301 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to produce a novel composite of microporous β-TCP filled with alginate and Vancomycin (VAN) to prolong the release behavior of the antibiotic for up to 28days. 28104468 10 40 theme burst 1258:1262 arg1 release 1264:1270 The native alginate's burst release 1236:1270 The native alginate's burst release 1236:1270 The native alginate's burst release was 54.1±7.8%; that of the sterile alginate 40.5±6.4%. 28104468 10 40 theme burst 1258:1262 arg1 % 1284:1284 54.1±7.8% 1276:1284 54.1±7.8% 1276:1284 The native alginate's burst release was 54.1±7.8%; that of the sterile alginate 40.5±6.4%. 28104468 6 41 theme inhibitory 1027:1036 arg1 concentration 1038:1050 the minimal inhibitory concentration 1015:1050 the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) 1015:1056 RESULTS The release of VAN from alginate was carried out via an external calcium source over the entire period with concentrations above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). 28104468 6 41 theme inhibitory 1027:1036 arg1 MIC 1053:1055 MIC 1053:1055 MIC 1053:1055 RESULTS The release of VAN from alginate was carried out via an external calcium source over the entire period with concentrations above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). 28104468 18 42 theme healing 2098:2104 arg1 process 2106:2112 the healing process 2094:2112 the healing process 2094:2112 Thus, it can take over functions of the bone during the healing process. 28104468 2 43 theme porous 372:377 arg1 ceramics 379:386 porous ceramics 372:386 porous ceramics in a directional flow 372:408 MATERIAL AND METHODS Using the flow chamber developed by the group, porous ceramics in a directional flow were filled with alginates of different composition containing 50mg/mL of antibiotics. 28104468 19 44 theme FDA 2194:2196 arg1 materials 2207:2215 only FDA approved materials 2189:2215 only FDA approved materials 2189:2215 For a quicker translation from our scientific research into clinical use, only FDA approved materials were used in this work. 28104468 6 45 theme minimal 1019:1025 arg1 concentration 1038:1050 the minimal inhibitory concentration 1015:1050 the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) 1015:1056 RESULTS The release of VAN from alginate was carried out via an external calcium source over the entire period with concentrations above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). 28104468 6 45 theme minimal 1019:1025 arg1 MIC 1053:1055 MIC 1053:1055 MIC 1053:1055 RESULTS The release of VAN from alginate was carried out via an external calcium source over the entire period with concentrations above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). 28104468 19 46 theme scientific 2150:2159 arg1 research 2161:2168 our scientific research 2146:2168 our scientific research into clinical use 2146:2186 For a quicker translation from our scientific research into clinical use, only FDA approved materials were used in this work. 28104468 1 47 theme β-TCP 188:192 arg1 composite 163:171 a novel composite 155:171 a novel composite of microporous β-TCP filled with alginate and Vancomycin (VAN) to prolong the release behavior of the antibiotic for up to 28days 155:301 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to produce a novel composite of microporous β-TCP filled with alginate and Vancomycin (VAN) to prolong the release behavior of the antibiotic for up to 28days. 28104468 1 47 theme β-TCP 188:192 arg1 β-TCP 188:192 microporous β-TCP 176:192 microporous β-TCP filled with alginate and Vancomycin (VAN) 176:234 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to produce a novel composite of microporous β-TCP filled with alginate and Vancomycin (VAN) to prolong the release behavior of the antibiotic for up to 28days. 28104468 0 48 theme β-TCP 45:49 arg1 ceramic 51:57 microporous β-TCP ceramic 33:57 microporous β-TCP ceramic 33:57 Composite material consisting of microporous β-TCP ceramic and alginate for delayed release of antibiotics. 28104468 12 49 theme release 1446:1452 arg1 experiments 1454:1464 the release experiments 1442:1464 the release experiments 1442:1464 The MIC value was determined in the release experiments as well in a range of 0.5-2.0μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus. 28104468 12 50 theme MIC 1414:1416 arg1 value 1418:1422 The MIC value 1410:1422 The MIC value 1410:1422 The MIC value was determined in the release experiments as well in a range of 0.5-2.0μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus. 28104468 12 50 theme MIC 1414:1416 arg1 well 1469:1472 well 1469:1472 well in a range of 0.5-2.0μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus 1469:1529 The MIC value was determined in the release experiments as well in a range of 0.5-2.0μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus. 28104468 4 51 theme defined 625:631 arg1 28days 666:671 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 14, 20 and 28days 640:671 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 14, 20 and 28days 640:671 At defined times (1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 14, 20 and 28days), the liquid was completely exchanged and analyzed by capillary zone electrophoresis and microtiter trials. 28104468 4 51 theme defined 625:631 arg1 times 633:637 defined times 625:637 defined times (1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 14, 20 and 28days) 625:672 At defined times (1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 14, 20 and 28days), the liquid was completely exchanged and analyzed by capillary zone electrophoresis and microtiter trials. 28104468 8 52 theme calcium 1147:1153 arg1 source 1155:1160 an internal calcium source 1135:1160 an internal calcium source 1135:1160 The release of VAN from alginate with an internal calcium source could only be observed over 14days. 28104468 0 53 theme microporous 33:43 arg1 ceramic 51:57 microporous β-TCP ceramic 33:57 microporous β-TCP ceramic 33:57 Composite material consisting of microporous β-TCP ceramic and alginate for delayed release of antibiotics. 28104468 19 54 used used 2222:2225 arg2 materials 2207:2215 only FDA approved materials 2189:2215 only FDA approved materials 2189:2215 For a quicker translation from our scientific research into clinical use, only FDA approved materials were used in this work. 28104468 10 55 dep % 1284:1284 arg1 that 1287:1290 that 1287:1290 that 1287:1290 The native alginate's burst release was 54.1±7.8%; that of the sterile alginate 40.5±6.4%. 28104468 19 56 from research 2161:2168 arg1 translation 2129:2139 a quicker translation 2119:2139 a quicker translation from our scientific research into clinical use 2119:2186 For a quicker translation from our scientific research into clinical use, only FDA approved materials were used in this work. 28104468 8 57 from alginate 1121:1128 arg1 release 1101:1107 The release 1097:1107 The release of VAN from alginate with an internal calcium source 1097:1160 The release of VAN from alginate with an internal calcium source could only be observed over 14days. 28104468 8 58 theme internal 1138:1145 arg1 source 1155:1160 an internal calcium source 1135:1160 an internal calcium source 1135:1160 The release of VAN from alginate with an internal calcium source could only be observed over 14days. 28104468 2 59 theme antibiotics 484:494 arg1 50mg/mL 473:479 50mg/mL 473:479 50mg/mL of antibiotics 473:494 MATERIAL AND METHODS Using the flow chamber developed by the group, porous ceramics in a directional flow were filled with alginates of different composition containing 50mg/mL of antibiotics. 28104468 9 60 theme burst 1202:1206 arg1 release 1208:1214 The burst release 1198:1214 The burst release 1198:1214 The burst release here was 61.9±4.3%. 28104468 9 60 theme burst 1202:1206 arg1 % 1233:1233 61.9±4.3% 1225:1233 61.9±4.3% 1225:1233 The burst release here was 61.9±4.3%. 28104468 19 61 theme approved 2198:2205 arg1 materials 2207:2215 only FDA approved materials 2189:2215 only FDA approved materials 2189:2215 For a quicker translation from our scientific research into clinical use, only FDA approved materials were used in this work. 28104468 18 62 theme bone 2082:2085 arg1 functions 2065:2073 functions 2065:2073 functions of the bone 2065:2085 Thus, it can take over functions of the bone during the healing process. 28104468 13 63 theme Drug 1558:1561 arg1 systems 1571:1577 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Drug release systems 1532:1577 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Drug release systems based on β-TCP and hydrogels 1532:1606 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Drug release systems based on β-TCP and hydrogels are well documented in literature. 28104468 3 64 theme double-distilled 579:594 arg1 water 596:600 10mL double-distilled water 574:600 10mL double-distilled water for 4weeks at 37°C 574:619 After cross-linking the alginate with calcium ions, incubation took place in 10mL double-distilled water for 4weeks at 37°C. 28104468 5 65 theme mean 811:814 arg1 deviation 829:837 the mean and standard deviation 807:837 the mean and standard deviation 807:837 For statistical purposes, the mean and standard deviation were calculated and analyzed by ANOVA. 28104468 11 66 theme microtiter 1331:1340 arg1 experiments 1342:1352 The microtiter experiments 1327:1352 The microtiter experiments 1327:1352 The microtiter experiments revealed efficacy over the entire study period for VAN. 28104468 17 67 contain has 1999:2001 arg2 advantage 2007:2015 the advantage 2003:2015 the advantage of mechanical stability 2003:2039 Contrary to the "granule in hydrogel" composites it has the advantage of mechanical stability. 28104468 17 67 contain has 1999:2001 arg1 it 1996:1997 it 1996:1997 it 1996:1997 Contrary to the "granule in hydrogel" composites it has the advantage of mechanical stability. 28104468 2 68 contain containing 462:471 arg2 50mg/mL 473:479 50mg/mL 473:479 50mg/mL of antibiotics 473:494 MATERIAL AND METHODS Using the flow chamber developed by the group, porous ceramics in a directional flow were filled with alginates of different composition containing 50mg/mL of antibiotics. 28104468 2 68 contain containing 462:471 arg1 composition 450:460 different composition 440:460 different composition containing 50mg/mL of antibiotics 440:494 MATERIAL AND METHODS Using the flow chamber developed by the group, porous ceramics in a directional flow were filled with alginates of different composition containing 50mg/mL of antibiotics. 28104468 6 69 theme entire 975:980 arg1 period 982:987 the entire period 971:987 the entire period with concentrations above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) 971:1056 RESULTS The release of VAN from alginate was carried out via an external calcium source over the entire period with concentrations above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). 28104468 13 70 theme SIGNIFICANCE 1545:1556 arg1 STATEMENT 1532:1540 STATEMENT 1532:1540 STATEMENT 1532:1540 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Drug release systems based on β-TCP and hydrogels are well documented in literature. 28104468 17 71 theme hydrogel 1975:1982 arg1 composites 1985:1994 hydrogel" composites 1975:1994 hydrogel" composites 1975:1994 Contrary to the "granule in hydrogel" composites it has the advantage of mechanical stability. 28104468 2 72 theme composition 450:460 arg1 alginates 427:435 alginates 427:435 alginates of different composition containing 50mg/mL of antibiotics 427:494 MATERIAL AND METHODS Using the flow chamber developed by the group, porous ceramics in a directional flow were filled with alginates of different composition containing 50mg/mL of antibiotics. 28104468 14 73 theme described 1659:1667 arg1 systems 1669:1675 all described systems 1655:1675 all described systems 1655:1675 However, in all described systems the ceramic, as granule or powder, is inserted into a hydrogel. 28104468 1 74 theme microporous 176:186 arg1 β-TCP 188:192 microporous β-TCP 176:192 microporous β-TCP filled with alginate and Vancomycin (VAN) 176:234 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to produce a novel composite of microporous β-TCP filled with alginate and Vancomycin (VAN) to prolong the release behavior of the antibiotic for up to 28days. 28104468 1 75 theme study 134:138 arg1 aim 122:124 The aim 118:124 The aim of this study 118:138 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to produce a novel composite of microporous β-TCP filled with alginate and Vancomycin (VAN) to prolong the release behavior of the antibiotic for up to 28days. 28104468 6 76 theme calcium 951:957 arg1 source 959:964 an external calcium source 939:964 an external calcium source 939:964 RESULTS The release of VAN from alginate was carried out via an external calcium source over the entire period with concentrations above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). 28104468 6 77 theme VAN 901:903 arg1 release 890:896 The release 886:896 The release of VAN from alginate 886:917 RESULTS The release of VAN from alginate was carried out via an external calcium source over the entire period with concentrations above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). 28104468 2 78 theme different 440:448 arg1 composition 450:460 different composition 440:460 different composition containing 50mg/mL of antibiotics 440:494 MATERIAL AND METHODS Using the flow chamber developed by the group, porous ceramics in a directional flow were filled with alginates of different composition containing 50mg/mL of antibiotics. 28104468 6 79 dep RESULTS 878:884 arg1 carried 923:929 carried 923:929 was carried out via an external calcium source over the entire period with concentrations above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) 919:1056 RESULTS The release of VAN from alginate was carried out via an external calcium source over the entire period with concentrations above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). 28104468 3 80 theme 10mL 574:577 arg1 water 596:600 10mL double-distilled water 574:600 10mL double-distilled water for 4weeks at 37°C 574:619 After cross-linking the alginate with calcium ions, incubation took place in 10mL double-distilled water for 4weeks at 37°C. 28104468 1 81 dep OBJECTIVE 108:116 arg1 was 140:142 was 140:142 was to produce a novel composite of microporous β-TCP filled with alginate and Vancomycin (VAN) to prolong the release behavior of the antibiotic for up to 28days 140:301 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to produce a novel composite of microporous β-TCP filled with alginate and Vancomycin (VAN) to prolong the release behavior of the antibiotic for up to 28days. 28104468 17 82 from granule 1964:1970 arg1 composites 1985:1994 hydrogel" composites 1975:1994 hydrogel" composites 1975:1994 Contrary to the "granule in hydrogel" composites it has the advantage of mechanical stability. 28104468 1 83 theme antibiotic 275:284 arg1 behavior 259:266 the release behavior 247:266 the release behavior of the antibiotic for up to 28days 247:301 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to produce a novel composite of microporous β-TCP filled with alginate and Vancomycin (VAN) to prolong the release behavior of the antibiotic for up to 28days. 26574762 13 0 dep value 1703:1707 arg1 the 1699:1701 the 1699:1701 the 1699:1701 Meanwhile, the value and usefulness of TEG in predicting bleeding or thrombotic complications following major orthopedic surgery merit further investigation. 26574762 12 1 theme important 1622:1630 arg1 study 1606:1610 The current study 1594:1610 The current study 1594:1610 CONCLUSION The current study may be an important first step in order to use CI to measure LMWH activity. 26574762 12 1 theme important 1622:1630 arg1 step 1638:1641 an important first step 1619:1641 an important first step in order to use CI to measure LMWH activity 1619:1685 CONCLUSION The current study may be an important first step in order to use CI to measure LMWH activity. 26574762 0 2 theme heparin 92:98 arg1 effect 61:66 the antithrombotic effect 42:66 the antithrombotic effect of low-molecular-weight heparin after major orthopedic surgery 42:129 Thromboelastography for the monitoring of the antithrombotic effect of low-molecular-weight heparin after major orthopedic surgery. 26574762 4 3 theme clinical 438:445 arg1 application 447:457 The clinical application 434:457 The clinical application of TEG variables in monitoring LMWH treatment 434:503 The clinical application of TEG variables in monitoring LMWH treatment is not yet well defined. 26574762 9 4 theme anti-Xa 1222:1228 arg1 activity 1230:1237 plasma anti-Xa activity 1215:1237 plasma anti-Xa activity 1215:1237 RESULTS This study demonstrates a significant correlation between CI and plasma anti-Xa activity in surgical patients treated with enoxaparin. 26574762 0 5 theme orthopedic 112:121 arg1 surgery 123:129 major orthopedic surgery 106:129 major orthopedic surgery 106:129 Thromboelastography for the monitoring of the antithrombotic effect of low-molecular-weight heparin after major orthopedic surgery. 26574762 11 6 dep elevated 1494:1501 arg1 relative 1504:1511 relative 1504:1511 relative 1504:1511 CI increased immediately after T0, peaking at Hour 4, and remained elevated (relative to baseline) at Hour 24 but still did not return to admission levels. 26574762 7 7 dep enoxaparin 951:960 arg1 injections 969:978 30-mg injections 963:978 30-mg injections administered twice daily 963:1003 Thirty patients undergoing unilateral or bilateral total knee replacement, admitted to the intensive care unit on a therapeutic dosage of subcutaneous enoxaparin (30-mg injections administered twice daily), were included into the study. 26574762 7 8 theme therapeutic 916:926 arg1 dosage 928:933 a therapeutic dosage 914:933 a therapeutic dosage of subcutaneous enoxaparin (30-mg injections administered twice daily) 914:1004 Thirty patients undergoing unilateral or bilateral total knee replacement, admitted to the intensive care unit on a therapeutic dosage of subcutaneous enoxaparin (30-mg injections administered twice daily), were included into the study. 26574762 0 9 theme major 106:110 arg1 surgery 123:129 major orthopedic surgery 106:129 major orthopedic surgery 106:129 Thromboelastography for the monitoring of the antithrombotic effect of low-molecular-weight heparin after major orthopedic surgery. 26574762 12 10 dep CONCLUSION 1583:1592 arg1 study 1606:1610 The current study 1594:1610 The current study 1594:1610 CONCLUSION The current study may be an important first step in order to use CI to measure LMWH activity. 26574762 12 10 dep CONCLUSION 1583:1592 arg1 step 1638:1641 an important first step 1619:1641 an important first step in order to use CI to measure LMWH activity 1619:1685 CONCLUSION The current study may be an important first step in order to use CI to measure LMWH activity. 26574762 6 11 theme parameter 765:773 arg1 usefulness 735:744 the usefulness 731:744 the usefulness of a composite TEG parameter, coagulation index (CI) 731:797 We furthermore evaluated for the first time the usefulness of a composite TEG parameter, coagulation index (CI). 26574762 9 12 dep RESULTS 1142:1148 arg1 demonstrates 1161:1172 demonstrates 1161:1172 demonstrates a significant correlation between CI and plasma anti-Xa activity in surgical patients treated with enoxaparin 1161:1282 RESULTS This study demonstrates a significant correlation between CI and plasma anti-Xa activity in surgical patients treated with enoxaparin. 26574762 13 13 theme TEG 1727:1729 arg1 usefulness 1713:1722 usefulness 1713:1722 usefulness 1713:1722 Meanwhile, the value and usefulness of TEG in predicting bleeding or thrombotic complications following major orthopedic surgery merit further investigation. 26574762 13 13 theme TEG 1727:1729 arg1 Meanwhile 1688:1696 Meanwhile 1688:1696 Meanwhile 1688:1696 Meanwhile, the value and usefulness of TEG in predicting bleeding or thrombotic complications following major orthopedic surgery merit further investigation. 26574762 13 13 theme TEG 1727:1729 arg1 value 1703:1707 value 1703:1707 value 1703:1707 Meanwhile, the value and usefulness of TEG in predicting bleeding or thrombotic complications following major orthopedic surgery merit further investigation. 26574762 10 14 theme r 1334:1334 arg1 time 1336:1339 r time 1334:1339 r time 1334:1339 Although the correlation was significant between r time and anti-Xa level only at Hour 4, CI was significant for each time interval (p<0.05). 26574762 5 15 theme LMWH 671:674 arg1 treatment 676:684 LMWH treatment 671:684 LMWH treatment 671:684 METHODS This prospective study was designed to systematically examine the correlation between anti-Xa and basic TEG parameters in monitoring LMWH treatment. 26574762 6 16 theme TEG 761:763 arg1 index 788:792 coagulation index 776:792 coagulation index (CI) 776:797 We furthermore evaluated for the first time the usefulness of a composite TEG parameter, coagulation index (CI). 26574762 6 16 theme TEG 761:763 arg1 parameter 765:773 a composite TEG parameter 749:773 a composite TEG parameter 749:773 We furthermore evaluated for the first time the usefulness of a composite TEG parameter, coagulation index (CI). 26574762 3 17 theme viscoelastic 381:392 arg1 properties 394:403 the viscoelastic properties 377:403 the viscoelastic properties of blood 377:412 Thromboelastography (TEG) evaluates the viscoelastic properties of blood during coagulation. 26574762 7 18 theme intensive 891:899 arg1 unit 906:909 the intensive care unit 887:909 the intensive care unit 887:909 Thirty patients undergoing unilateral or bilateral total knee replacement, admitted to the intensive care unit on a therapeutic dosage of subcutaneous enoxaparin (30-mg injections administered twice daily), were included into the study. 26574762 2 19 theme anti-Xa 303:309 arg1 testing 311:317 anti-Xa testing 303:317 anti-Xa testing 303:317 In general, monitoring of anticoagulant activity by anti-Xa testing is not done properly. 26574762 5 20 theme prospective 543:553 arg1 study 555:559 This prospective study 538:559 This prospective study 538:559 METHODS This prospective study was designed to systematically examine the correlation between anti-Xa and basic TEG parameters in monitoring LMWH treatment. 26574762 13 21 theme thrombotic 1757:1766 arg1 complications 1768:1780 thrombotic complications 1757:1780 thrombotic complications 1757:1780 Meanwhile, the value and usefulness of TEG in predicting bleeding or thrombotic complications following major orthopedic surgery merit further investigation. 26574762 8 22 theme TEG 1037:1039 arg1 parameters 1041:1050 TEG parameters 1037:1050 TEG parameters 1037:1050 TEG parameters and anti-Xa levels were measures at baseline and 4, 12, and 24 hours after the injection. 26574762 7 23 theme care 901:904 arg1 unit 906:909 the intensive care unit 887:909 the intensive care unit 887:909 Thirty patients undergoing unilateral or bilateral total knee replacement, admitted to the intensive care unit on a therapeutic dosage of subcutaneous enoxaparin (30-mg injections administered twice daily), were included into the study. 26574762 7 24 theme knee 857:860 arg1 replacement 862:872 unilateral or bilateral total knee replacement 827:872 unilateral or bilateral total knee replacement 827:872 Thirty patients undergoing unilateral or bilateral total knee replacement, admitted to the intensive care unit on a therapeutic dosage of subcutaneous enoxaparin (30-mg injections administered twice daily), were included into the study. 26574762 5 25 theme basic 636:640 arg1 parameters 646:655 basic TEG parameters 636:655 basic TEG parameters 636:655 METHODS This prospective study was designed to systematically examine the correlation between anti-Xa and basic TEG parameters in monitoring LMWH treatment. 26574762 12 26 theme current 1598:1604 arg1 study 1606:1610 The current study 1594:1610 The current study 1594:1610 CONCLUSION The current study may be an important first step in order to use CI to measure LMWH activity. 26574762 12 26 theme current 1598:1604 arg1 step 1638:1641 an important first step 1619:1641 an important first step in order to use CI to measure LMWH activity 1619:1685 CONCLUSION The current study may be an important first step in order to use CI to measure LMWH activity. 26574762 10 27 from Hour 1367:1370 arg1 significant 1314:1324 significant 1314:1324 significant 1314:1324 Although the correlation was significant between r time and anti-Xa level only at Hour 4, CI was significant for each time interval (p<0.05). 26574762 10 27 from Hour 1367:1370 arg1 correlation 1298:1308 the correlation 1294:1308 the correlation 1294:1308 Although the correlation was significant between r time and anti-Xa level only at Hour 4, CI was significant for each time interval (p<0.05). 26574762 3 28 theme blood 408:412 arg1 properties 394:403 the viscoelastic properties 377:403 the viscoelastic properties of blood 377:412 Thromboelastography (TEG) evaluates the viscoelastic properties of blood during coagulation. 26574762 8 29 theme anti-Xa 1056:1062 arg1 levels 1064:1069 anti-Xa levels 1056:1069 anti-Xa levels 1056:1069 TEG parameters and anti-Xa levels were measures at baseline and 4, 12, and 24 hours after the injection. 26574762 5 30 theme TEG 642:644 arg1 parameters 646:655 basic TEG parameters 636:655 basic TEG parameters 636:655 METHODS This prospective study was designed to systematically examine the correlation between anti-Xa and basic TEG parameters in monitoring LMWH treatment. 26574762 10 31 theme anti-Xa 1345:1351 arg1 level 1353:1357 anti-Xa level 1345:1357 anti-Xa level 1345:1357 Although the correlation was significant between r time and anti-Xa level only at Hour 4, CI was significant for each time interval (p<0.05). 26574762 7 32 theme bilateral 841:849 arg1 replacement 862:872 unilateral or bilateral total knee replacement 827:872 unilateral or bilateral total knee replacement 827:872 Thirty patients undergoing unilateral or bilateral total knee replacement, admitted to the intensive care unit on a therapeutic dosage of subcutaneous enoxaparin (30-mg injections administered twice daily), were included into the study. 26574762 13 33 dep surgery 1809:1815 arg1 merit 1817:1821 merit 1817:1821 merit 1817:1821 Meanwhile, the value and usefulness of TEG in predicting bleeding or thrombotic complications following major orthopedic surgery merit further investigation. 26574762 9 34 from CI 1208:1209 arg1 patients 1251:1258 surgical patients 1242:1258 surgical patients treated with enoxaparin 1242:1282 RESULTS This study demonstrates a significant correlation between CI and plasma anti-Xa activity in surgical patients treated with enoxaparin. 26574762 13 35 theme major 1792:1796 arg1 surgery 1809:1815 major orthopedic surgery 1792:1815 major orthopedic surgery merit further investigation 1792:1843 Meanwhile, the value and usefulness of TEG in predicting bleeding or thrombotic complications following major orthopedic surgery merit further investigation. 26574762 1 36 theme postoperative 220:232 arg1 thromboembolism 234:248 postoperative thromboembolism 220:248 postoperative thromboembolism 220:248 OBJECTIVE Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) are commonly used to prevent and manage postoperative thromboembolism. 26574762 7 37 theme total 851:855 arg1 replacement 862:872 unilateral or bilateral total knee replacement 827:872 unilateral or bilateral total knee replacement 827:872 Thirty patients undergoing unilateral or bilateral total knee replacement, admitted to the intensive care unit on a therapeutic dosage of subcutaneous enoxaparin (30-mg injections administered twice daily), were included into the study. 26574762 4 38 theme LMWH 490:493 arg1 treatment 495:503 LMWH treatment 490:503 LMWH treatment 490:503 The clinical application of TEG variables in monitoring LMWH treatment is not yet well defined. 26574762 13 39 theme orthopedic 1798:1807 arg1 surgery 1809:1815 major orthopedic surgery 1792:1815 major orthopedic surgery merit further investigation 1792:1843 Meanwhile, the value and usefulness of TEG in predicting bleeding or thrombotic complications following major orthopedic surgery merit further investigation. 26574762 7 40 theme unilateral 827:836 arg1 replacement 862:872 unilateral or bilateral total knee replacement 827:872 unilateral or bilateral total knee replacement 827:872 Thirty patients undergoing unilateral or bilateral total knee replacement, admitted to the intensive care unit on a therapeutic dosage of subcutaneous enoxaparin (30-mg injections administered twice daily), were included into the study. 26574762 9 41 theme plasma 1215:1220 arg1 activity 1230:1237 plasma anti-Xa activity 1215:1237 plasma anti-Xa activity 1215:1237 RESULTS This study demonstrates a significant correlation between CI and plasma anti-Xa activity in surgical patients treated with enoxaparin. 26574762 0 42 theme effect 61:66 arg1 monitoring 28:37 the monitoring 24:37 the monitoring of the antithrombotic effect of low-molecular-weight heparin after major orthopedic surgery 24:129 Thromboelastography for the monitoring of the antithrombotic effect of low-molecular-weight heparin after major orthopedic surgery. 26574762 9 43 theme surgical 1242:1249 arg1 patients 1251:1258 surgical patients 1242:1258 surgical patients treated with enoxaparin 1242:1282 RESULTS This study demonstrates a significant correlation between CI and plasma anti-Xa activity in surgical patients treated with enoxaparin. 26574762 1 44 theme OBJECTIVE 132:140 arg1 heparins 163:170 OBJECTIVE Low-molecular-weight heparins 132:170 OBJECTIVE Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) 132:178 OBJECTIVE Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) are commonly used to prevent and manage postoperative thromboembolism. 26574762 1 44 theme OBJECTIVE 132:140 arg1 LMWHs 173:177 LMWHs 173:177 LMWHs 173:177 OBJECTIVE Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) are commonly used to prevent and manage postoperative thromboembolism. 26574762 0 45 theme antithrombotic 46:59 arg1 effect 61:66 the antithrombotic effect 42:66 the antithrombotic effect of low-molecular-weight heparin after major orthopedic surgery 42:129 Thromboelastography for the monitoring of the antithrombotic effect of low-molecular-weight heparin after major orthopedic surgery. 26574762 12 46 theme LMWH 1673:1676 arg1 activity 1678:1685 LMWH activity 1673:1685 LMWH activity 1673:1685 CONCLUSION The current study may be an important first step in order to use CI to measure LMWH activity. 26574762 4 47 theme variables 466:474 arg1 application 447:457 The clinical application 434:457 The clinical application of TEG variables in monitoring LMWH treatment 434:503 The clinical application of TEG variables in monitoring LMWH treatment is not yet well defined. 26574762 5 48 dep METHODS 530:536 arg1 designed 565:572 designed 565:572 was designed to systematically examine the correlation between anti-Xa and basic TEG parameters in monitoring LMWH treatment 561:684 METHODS This prospective study was designed to systematically examine the correlation between anti-Xa and basic TEG parameters in monitoring LMWH treatment. 26574762 1 49 theme Low-molecular-weight 142:161 arg1 heparins 163:170 OBJECTIVE Low-molecular-weight heparins 132:170 OBJECTIVE Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) 132:178 OBJECTIVE Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) are commonly used to prevent and manage postoperative thromboembolism. 26574762 1 49 theme Low-molecular-weight 142:161 arg1 LMWHs 173:177 LMWHs 173:177 LMWHs 173:177 OBJECTIVE Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) are commonly used to prevent and manage postoperative thromboembolism. 26574762 6 50 theme first 720:724 arg1 time 726:729 the first time 716:729 the first time 716:729 We furthermore evaluated for the first time the usefulness of a composite TEG parameter, coagulation index (CI). 26574762 8 51 from baseline 1088:1095 arg1 measures 1076:1083 measures 1076:1083 measures at baseline 1076:1095 TEG parameters and anti-Xa levels were measures at baseline and 4, 12, and 24 hours after the injection. 26574762 8 51 from baseline 1088:1095 arg1 hours 1115:1119 4, 12, and 24 hours 1101:1119 4, 12, and 24 hours after the injection 1101:1139 TEG parameters and anti-Xa levels were measures at baseline and 4, 12, and 24 hours after the injection. 26574762 4 52 theme TEG 462:464 arg1 variables 466:474 TEG variables 462:474 TEG variables 462:474 The clinical application of TEG variables in monitoring LMWH treatment is not yet well defined. 26574762 10 53 theme time 1403:1406 arg1 p<0.05 1418:1423 p<0.05 1418:1423 p<0.05 1418:1423 Although the correlation was significant between r time and anti-Xa level only at Hour 4, CI was significant for each time interval (p<0.05). 26574762 10 53 theme time 1403:1406 arg1 interval 1408:1415 each time interval 1398:1415 each time interval (p<0.05) 1398:1424 Although the correlation was significant between r time and anti-Xa level only at Hour 4, CI was significant for each time interval (p<0.05). 26574762 7 54 theme 30-mg 963:967 arg1 injections 969:978 30-mg injections 963:978 30-mg injections administered twice daily 963:1003 Thirty patients undergoing unilateral or bilateral total knee replacement, admitted to the intensive care unit on a therapeutic dosage of subcutaneous enoxaparin (30-mg injections administered twice daily), were included into the study. 26574762 12 55 theme first 1632:1636 arg1 study 1606:1610 The current study 1594:1610 The current study 1594:1610 CONCLUSION The current study may be an important first step in order to use CI to measure LMWH activity. 26574762 12 55 theme first 1632:1636 arg1 step 1638:1641 an important first step 1619:1641 an important first step in order to use CI to measure LMWH activity 1619:1685 CONCLUSION The current study may be an important first step in order to use CI to measure LMWH activity. 26574762 2 56 theme activity 291:298 arg1 monitoring 263:272 monitoring 263:272 monitoring of anticoagulant activity by anti-Xa testing 263:317 In general, monitoring of anticoagulant activity by anti-Xa testing is not done properly. 26574762 9 57 from activity 1230:1237 arg1 patients 1251:1258 surgical patients 1242:1258 surgical patients treated with enoxaparin 1242:1282 RESULTS This study demonstrates a significant correlation between CI and plasma anti-Xa activity in surgical patients treated with enoxaparin. 26574762 7 58 theme subcutaneous 938:949 arg1 enoxaparin 951:960 subcutaneous enoxaparin 938:960 subcutaneous enoxaparin (30-mg injections administered twice daily) 938:1004 Thirty patients undergoing unilateral or bilateral total knee replacement, admitted to the intensive care unit on a therapeutic dosage of subcutaneous enoxaparin (30-mg injections administered twice daily), were included into the study. 26574762 6 59 theme composite 751:759 arg1 index 788:792 coagulation index 776:792 coagulation index (CI) 776:797 We furthermore evaluated for the first time the usefulness of a composite TEG parameter, coagulation index (CI). 26574762 6 59 theme composite 751:759 arg1 parameter 765:773 a composite TEG parameter 749:773 a composite TEG parameter 749:773 We furthermore evaluated for the first time the usefulness of a composite TEG parameter, coagulation index (CI). 26574762 0 60 theme low-molecular-weight 71:90 arg1 heparin 92:98 low-molecular-weight heparin 71:98 low-molecular-weight heparin 71:98 Thromboelastography for the monitoring of the antithrombotic effect of low-molecular-weight heparin after major orthopedic surgery. 26574762 2 61 theme anticoagulant 277:289 arg1 activity 291:298 anticoagulant activity 277:298 anticoagulant activity 277:298 In general, monitoring of anticoagulant activity by anti-Xa testing is not done properly. 26574762 7 62 theme enoxaparin 951:960 arg1 dosage 928:933 a therapeutic dosage 914:933 a therapeutic dosage of subcutaneous enoxaparin (30-mg injections administered twice daily) 914:1004 Thirty patients undergoing unilateral or bilateral total knee replacement, admitted to the intensive care unit on a therapeutic dosage of subcutaneous enoxaparin (30-mg injections administered twice daily), were included into the study. 26574762 1 63 used used 193:196 arg2 LMWHs 173:177 LMWHs 173:177 LMWHs 173:177 OBJECTIVE Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) are commonly used to prevent and manage postoperative thromboembolism. 26574762 1 63 used used 193:196 arg2 heparins 163:170 OBJECTIVE Low-molecular-weight heparins 132:170 OBJECTIVE Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) 132:178 OBJECTIVE Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) are commonly used to prevent and manage postoperative thromboembolism. 26574762 6 64 theme coagulation 776:786 arg1 index 788:792 coagulation index 776:792 coagulation index (CI) 776:797 We furthermore evaluated for the first time the usefulness of a composite TEG parameter, coagulation index (CI). 26574762 6 64 theme coagulation 776:786 arg1 CI 795:796 CI 795:796 CI 795:796 We furthermore evaluated for the first time the usefulness of a composite TEG parameter, coagulation index (CI). 26574762 6 64 theme coagulation 776:786 arg1 parameter 765:773 a composite TEG parameter 749:773 a composite TEG parameter 749:773 We furthermore evaluated for the first time the usefulness of a composite TEG parameter, coagulation index (CI). 26574762 11 65 theme admission 1565:1573 arg1 levels 1575:1580 admission levels 1565:1580 admission levels 1565:1580 CI increased immediately after T0, peaking at Hour 4, and remained elevated (relative to baseline) at Hour 24 but still did not return to admission levels. 26574762 9 66 theme significant 1176:1186 arg1 correlation 1188:1198 a significant correlation 1174:1198 a significant correlation between CI and plasma anti-Xa activity in surgical patients treated with enoxaparin 1174:1282 RESULTS This study demonstrates a significant correlation between CI and plasma anti-Xa activity in surgical patients treated with enoxaparin. 27793345 9 0 theme chemical 1512:1519 arg1 studies 1529:1535 SOA chemical kinetic studies 1508:1535 SOA chemical kinetic studies 1508:1535 On balance, the UV-DAD method was chosen for SOA chemical kinetic studies. 27793345 3 1 theme standard 804:811 arg1 effects 827:833 standard least squares effects 804:833 standard least squares effects 804:833 The ELSD data were also analyzed using multivariate principal component analysis, analysis of variance, and standard least squares effects modeling. 27793345 0 2 theme Diode 204:208 arg1 Method 295:300 Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method 180:300 Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method 180:300 Statistical Optimization of Evaporative Light Scattering Detection for Molten Sucrose Octaacetate and Comparison With Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection Validation Parameters Using Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method. 27793345 0 3 theme Detection/Evaporative 216:236 arg1 Method 295:300 Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method 180:300 Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method 180:300 Statistical Optimization of Evaporative Light Scattering Detection for Molten Sucrose Octaacetate and Comparison With Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection Validation Parameters Using Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method. 27793345 1 4 theme gradient 331:338 arg1 HPLC 340:343 A sucrose octaacetate (SOA) gradient HPLC 303:343 A sucrose octaacetate (SOA) gradient HPLC 303:343 A sucrose octaacetate (SOA) gradient HPLC evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) and low-wavelength UV-diode array detection (UV-DAD)-specific stability-indicating method development and validation comparison is reported. 27793345 1 4 theme gradient 331:338 arg1 UV-DAD 436:441 UV-DAD 436:441 UV-DAD 436:441 A sucrose octaacetate (SOA) gradient HPLC evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) and low-wavelength UV-diode array detection (UV-DAD)-specific stability-indicating method development and validation comparison is reported. 27793345 8 5 theme greater 1372:1378 arg1 response 1401:1408 a 60-fold greater area-under-the-curve response 1362:1408 a 60-fold greater area-under-the-curve response 1362:1408 ELSD exhibited a 60-fold greater area-under-the-curve response, better resolution, and 58% more theoretical plates. 27793345 0 6 theme Scattering 244:253 arg1 Method 295:300 Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method 180:300 Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method 180:300 Statistical Optimization of Evaporative Light Scattering Detection for Molten Sucrose Octaacetate and Comparison With Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection Validation Parameters Using Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method. 27793345 0 7 theme Stability-Indicating 274:293 arg1 Method 295:300 Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method 180:300 Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method 180:300 Statistical Optimization of Evaporative Light Scattering Detection for Molten Sucrose Octaacetate and Comparison With Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection Validation Parameters Using Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method. 27793345 6 8 theme 439 1073:1075 arg1 absorption 1077:1086 absorption 1077:1086 absorption 1077:1086 SOA exhibited a low molar absorptivity of 439 absorption units/cm/M in water at 210 nm requiring low-wavelength UV-DAD detection. 27793345 8 9 theme better 1411:1416 arg1 resolution 1418:1427 better resolution 1411:1427 better resolution 1411:1427 ELSD exhibited a 60-fold greater area-under-the-curve response, better resolution, and 58% more theoretical plates. 27793345 0 10 theme Array 136:140 arg1 Detection 142:150 Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection 118:150 Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection 118:150 Statistical Optimization of Evaporative Light Scattering Detection for Molten Sucrose Octaacetate and Comparison With Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection Validation Parameters Using Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method. 27793345 1 11 theme -specific 443:451 arg1 development 481:491 A sucrose octaacetate (SOA) gradient HPLC evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) and low-wavelength UV-diode array detection (UV-DAD)-specific stability-indicating method development 303:491 A sucrose octaacetate (SOA) gradient HPLC evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) and low-wavelength UV-diode array detection (UV-DAD)-specific stability-indicating method development 303:491 A sucrose octaacetate (SOA) gradient HPLC evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) and low-wavelength UV-diode array detection (UV-DAD)-specific stability-indicating method development and validation comparison is reported. 27793345 2 12 theme area-under-the-curve 639:658 arg1 response 660:667 molten SOA area-under-the-curve response 628:667 molten SOA area-under-the-curve response 628:667 A central composite response surface design and multicriteria optimization was used to maximize molten SOA area-under-the-curve response and signal-to-noise ratio. 27793345 7 13 theme UV-DAD 1180:1185 arg1 method 1187:1192 The low-wavelength UV-DAD method 1161:1192 The low-wavelength UV-DAD method 1161:1192 The low-wavelength UV-DAD method provided substantially better intraday and interday precision, intraday and interday goodness-of-fit, detection limit, and quantitation limit than ELSD. 27793345 1 14 theme method 474:479 arg1 development 481:491 A sucrose octaacetate (SOA) gradient HPLC evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) and low-wavelength UV-diode array detection (UV-DAD)-specific stability-indicating method development 303:491 A sucrose octaacetate (SOA) gradient HPLC evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) and low-wavelength UV-diode array detection (UV-DAD)-specific stability-indicating method development 303:491 A sucrose octaacetate (SOA) gradient HPLC evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) and low-wavelength UV-diode array detection (UV-DAD)-specific stability-indicating method development and validation comparison is reported. 27793345 7 15 theme detection 1296:1304 arg1 limit 1306:1310 detection limit 1296:1310 detection limit 1296:1310 The low-wavelength UV-DAD method provided substantially better intraday and interday precision, intraday and interday goodness-of-fit, detection limit, and quantitation limit than ELSD. 27793345 5 16 theme first 964:968 arg1 this 952:955 this 952:955 this 952:955 To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report that validates an ELSD method using a molten analyte. 27793345 5 16 theme first 964:968 arg1 report 970:975 the first report 960:975 the first report that validates an ELSD method using a molten analyte 960:1028 To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report that validates an ELSD method using a molten analyte. 27793345 6 17 theme low 1047:1049 arg1 absorptivity 1057:1068 a low molar absorptivity 1045:1068 a low molar absorptivity of 439 absorption units/cm/M in water 1045:1106 SOA exhibited a low molar absorptivity of 439 absorption units/cm/M in water at 210 nm requiring low-wavelength UV-DAD detection. 27793345 7 18 theme interday 1237:1244 arg1 precision 1246:1254 interday precision 1237:1254 interday precision 1237:1254 The low-wavelength UV-DAD method provided substantially better intraday and interday precision, intraday and interday goodness-of-fit, detection limit, and quantitation limit than ELSD. 27793345 8 19 theme more 1438:1441 arg1 plates 1455:1460 58% more theoretical plates 1434:1460 58% more theoretical plates 1434:1460 ELSD exhibited a 60-fold greater area-under-the-curve response, better resolution, and 58% more theoretical plates. 27793345 0 20 theme HPLC 187:190 arg1 Method 295:300 Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method 180:300 Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method 180:300 Statistical Optimization of Evaporative Light Scattering Detection for Molten Sucrose Octaacetate and Comparison With Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection Validation Parameters Using Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method. 27793345 3 21 theme principal 748:756 arg1 analysis 768:775 multivariate principal component analysis 735:775 multivariate principal component analysis 735:775 The ELSD data were also analyzed using multivariate principal component analysis, analysis of variance, and standard least squares effects modeling. 27793345 4 22 theme method 849:854 arg1 suitability 856:866 The method suitability and validation parameters 845:892 suitability 856:866 The method suitability and validation parameters of both methods were compared. 27793345 0 23 theme Molten 71:76 arg1 Octaacetate 86:96 Molten Sucrose Octaacetate 71:96 Molten Sucrose Octaacetate 71:96 Statistical Optimization of Evaporative Light Scattering Detection for Molten Sucrose Octaacetate and Comparison With Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection Validation Parameters Using Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method. 27793345 2 24 theme multicriteria 580:592 arg1 optimization 594:605 multicriteria optimization 580:605 multicriteria optimization 580:605 A central composite response surface design and multicriteria optimization was used to maximize molten SOA area-under-the-curve response and signal-to-noise ratio. 27793345 10 25 theme gradient 1613:1620 arg1 detection 1645:1653 gradient HPLC low-wavelength UV detection 1613:1653 gradient HPLC low-wavelength UV detection 1613:1653 This study illustrates that ELSD may not always be the best alternative to gradient HPLC low-wavelength UV detection. 27793345 1 26 theme UV-diode 410:417 arg1 detection 425:433 low-wavelength UV-diode array detection 395:433 low-wavelength UV-diode array detection 395:433 A sucrose octaacetate (SOA) gradient HPLC evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) and low-wavelength UV-diode array detection (UV-DAD)-specific stability-indicating method development and validation comparison is reported. 27793345 2 27 theme molten 628:633 arg1 response 660:667 molten SOA area-under-the-curve response 628:667 molten SOA area-under-the-curve response 628:667 A central composite response surface design and multicriteria optimization was used to maximize molten SOA area-under-the-curve response and signal-to-noise ratio. 27793345 6 28 theme units/cm/M 1088:1097 arg1 absorptivity 1057:1068 a low molar absorptivity 1045:1068 a low molar absorptivity of 439 absorption units/cm/M in water 1045:1106 SOA exhibited a low molar absorptivity of 439 absorption units/cm/M in water at 210 nm requiring low-wavelength UV-DAD detection. 27793345 10 29 theme best 1593:1596 arg1 alternative 1598:1608 the best alternative 1589:1608 the best alternative to gradient HPLC low-wavelength UV detection 1589:1653 This study illustrates that ELSD may not always be the best alternative to gradient HPLC low-wavelength UV detection. 27793345 10 29 theme best 1593:1596 arg1 ELSD 1566:1569 ELSD 1566:1569 ELSD 1566:1569 This study illustrates that ELSD may not always be the best alternative to gradient HPLC low-wavelength UV detection. 27793345 0 30 theme Ultraviolet 118:128 arg1 Detection 142:150 Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection 118:150 Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection 118:150 Statistical Optimization of Evaporative Light Scattering Detection for Molten Sucrose Octaacetate and Comparison With Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection Validation Parameters Using Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method. 27793345 2 31 theme central 534:540 arg1 design 569:574 A central composite response surface design 532:574 A central composite response surface design 532:574 A central composite response surface design and multicriteria optimization was used to maximize molten SOA area-under-the-curve response and signal-to-noise ratio. 27793345 9 32 theme UV-DAD 1479:1484 arg1 method 1486:1491 the UV-DAD method 1475:1491 the UV-DAD method 1475:1491 On balance, the UV-DAD method was chosen for SOA chemical kinetic studies. 27793345 0 33 theme Statistical 0:10 arg1 Optimization 12:23 Statistical Optimization 0:23 Statistical Optimization of Evaporative Light Scattering Detection for Molten Sucrose Octaacetate and Comparison With Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection Validation Parameters 0:172 Statistical Optimization of Evaporative Light Scattering Detection for Molten Sucrose Octaacetate and Comparison With Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection Validation Parameters Using Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method. 27793345 0 34 dep Octaacetate 86:96 arg1 Parameters 163:172 Validation Parameters 152:172 Validation Parameters 152:172 Statistical Optimization of Evaporative Light Scattering Detection for Molten Sucrose Octaacetate and Comparison With Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection Validation Parameters Using Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method. 27793345 10 35 theme HPLC 1622:1625 arg1 detection 1645:1653 gradient HPLC low-wavelength UV detection 1613:1653 gradient HPLC low-wavelength UV detection 1613:1653 This study illustrates that ELSD may not always be the best alternative to gradient HPLC low-wavelength UV detection. 27793345 1 36 theme light 357:361 arg1 ELSD 385:388 ELSD 385:388 ELSD 385:388 A sucrose octaacetate (SOA) gradient HPLC evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) and low-wavelength UV-diode array detection (UV-DAD)-specific stability-indicating method development and validation comparison is reported. 27793345 1 36 theme light 357:361 arg1 detection 374:382 evaporative light scattering detection 345:382 evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) 345:389 A sucrose octaacetate (SOA) gradient HPLC evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) and low-wavelength UV-diode array detection (UV-DAD)-specific stability-indicating method development and validation comparison is reported. 27793345 0 37 theme Light 40:44 arg1 Scattering 46:55 Evaporative Light Scattering 28:55 Evaporative Light Scattering Detection 28:65 Statistical Optimization of Evaporative Light Scattering Detection for Molten Sucrose Octaacetate and Comparison With Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection Validation Parameters Using Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method. 27793345 6 38 theme UV-DAD 1143:1148 arg1 detection 1150:1158 low-wavelength UV-DAD detection 1128:1158 low-wavelength UV-DAD detection 1128:1158 SOA exhibited a low molar absorptivity of 439 absorption units/cm/M in water at 210 nm requiring low-wavelength UV-DAD detection. 27793345 2 39 theme response 552:559 arg1 design 569:574 A central composite response surface design 532:574 A central composite response surface design 532:574 A central composite response surface design and multicriteria optimization was used to maximize molten SOA area-under-the-curve response and signal-to-noise ratio. 27793345 7 40 theme interday 1270:1277 arg1 goodness-of-fit 1279:1293 interday goodness-of-fit 1270:1293 interday goodness-of-fit 1270:1293 The low-wavelength UV-DAD method provided substantially better intraday and interday precision, intraday and interday goodness-of-fit, detection limit, and quantitation limit than ELSD. 27793345 2 41 theme composite 542:550 arg1 design 569:574 A central composite response surface design 532:574 A central composite response surface design 532:574 A central composite response surface design and multicriteria optimization was used to maximize molten SOA area-under-the-curve response and signal-to-noise ratio. 27793345 10 42 theme UV 1642:1643 arg1 detection 1645:1653 gradient HPLC low-wavelength UV detection 1613:1653 gradient HPLC low-wavelength UV detection 1613:1653 This study illustrates that ELSD may not always be the best alternative to gradient HPLC low-wavelength UV detection. 27793345 9 43 theme SOA 1508:1510 arg1 studies 1529:1535 SOA chemical kinetic studies 1508:1535 SOA chemical kinetic studies 1508:1535 On balance, the UV-DAD method was chosen for SOA chemical kinetic studies. 27793345 1 44 dep development 481:491 arg1 comparison 508:517 comparison 508:517 comparison 508:517 A sucrose octaacetate (SOA) gradient HPLC evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) and low-wavelength UV-diode array detection (UV-DAD)-specific stability-indicating method development and validation comparison is reported. 27793345 3 45 theme variance 790:797 arg1 analysis 778:785 analysis 778:785 analysis of variance 778:797 The ELSD data were also analyzed using multivariate principal component analysis, analysis of variance, and standard least squares effects modeling. 27793345 3 45 theme variance 790:797 arg1 effects 827:833 standard least squares effects 804:833 standard least squares effects 804:833 The ELSD data were also analyzed using multivariate principal component analysis, analysis of variance, and standard least squares effects modeling. 27793345 3 45 theme variance 790:797 arg1 analysis 768:775 multivariate principal component analysis 735:775 multivariate principal component analysis 735:775 The ELSD data were also analyzed using multivariate principal component analysis, analysis of variance, and standard least squares effects modeling. 27793345 9 46 theme kinetic 1521:1527 arg1 studies 1529:1535 SOA chemical kinetic studies 1508:1535 SOA chemical kinetic studies 1508:1535 On balance, the UV-DAD method was chosen for SOA chemical kinetic studies. 27793345 0 47 theme Array 210:214 arg1 Method 295:300 Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method 180:300 Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method 180:300 Statistical Optimization of Evaporative Light Scattering Detection for Molten Sucrose Octaacetate and Comparison With Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection Validation Parameters Using Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method. 27793345 0 48 theme Light 238:242 arg1 Method 295:300 Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method 180:300 Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method 180:300 Statistical Optimization of Evaporative Light Scattering Detection for Molten Sucrose Octaacetate and Comparison With Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection Validation Parameters Using Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method. 27793345 0 49 with Octaacetate 86:96 arg1 Detection 142:150 Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection 118:150 Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection 118:150 Statistical Optimization of Evaporative Light Scattering Detection for Molten Sucrose Octaacetate and Comparison With Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection Validation Parameters Using Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method. 27793345 0 50 theme Detection-Specific 255:272 arg1 Method 295:300 Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method 180:300 Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method 180:300 Statistical Optimization of Evaporative Light Scattering Detection for Molten Sucrose Octaacetate and Comparison With Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection Validation Parameters Using Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method. 27793345 0 51 theme Detection 57:65 arg1 Optimization 12:23 Statistical Optimization 0:23 Statistical Optimization of Evaporative Light Scattering Detection for Molten Sucrose Octaacetate and Comparison With Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection Validation Parameters 0:172 Statistical Optimization of Evaporative Light Scattering Detection for Molten Sucrose Octaacetate and Comparison With Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection Validation Parameters Using Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method. 27793345 6 52 theme absorption 1077:1086 arg1 units/cm/M 1088:1097 439 absorption units/cm/M 1073:1097 439 absorption units/cm/M 1073:1097 SOA exhibited a low molar absorptivity of 439 absorption units/cm/M in water at 210 nm requiring low-wavelength UV-DAD detection. 27793345 7 53 theme better 1217:1222 arg1 intraday 1224:1231 substantially better intraday 1203:1231 substantially better intraday 1203:1231 The low-wavelength UV-DAD method provided substantially better intraday and interday precision, intraday and interday goodness-of-fit, detection limit, and quantitation limit than ELSD. 27793345 8 54 theme area-under-the-curve 1380:1399 arg1 response 1401:1408 a 60-fold greater area-under-the-curve response 1362:1408 a 60-fold greater area-under-the-curve response 1362:1408 ELSD exhibited a 60-fold greater area-under-the-curve response, better resolution, and 58% more theoretical plates. 27793345 0 55 with Comparison 102:111 arg1 Detection 142:150 Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection 118:150 Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection 118:150 Statistical Optimization of Evaporative Light Scattering Detection for Molten Sucrose Octaacetate and Comparison With Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection Validation Parameters Using Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method. 27793345 7 56 theme low-wavelength 1165:1178 arg1 method 1187:1192 The low-wavelength UV-DAD method 1161:1192 The low-wavelength UV-DAD method 1161:1192 The low-wavelength UV-DAD method provided substantially better intraday and interday precision, intraday and interday goodness-of-fit, detection limit, and quantitation limit than ELSD. 27793345 1 57 theme stability-indicating 453:472 arg1 development 481:491 A sucrose octaacetate (SOA) gradient HPLC evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) and low-wavelength UV-diode array detection (UV-DAD)-specific stability-indicating method development 303:491 A sucrose octaacetate (SOA) gradient HPLC evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) and low-wavelength UV-diode array detection (UV-DAD)-specific stability-indicating method development 303:491 A sucrose octaacetate (SOA) gradient HPLC evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) and low-wavelength UV-diode array detection (UV-DAD)-specific stability-indicating method development and validation comparison is reported. 27793345 6 58 theme molar 1051:1055 arg1 absorptivity 1057:1068 a low molar absorptivity 1045:1068 a low molar absorptivity of 439 absorption units/cm/M in water 1045:1106 SOA exhibited a low molar absorptivity of 439 absorption units/cm/M in water at 210 nm requiring low-wavelength UV-DAD detection. 27793345 2 59 theme SOA 635:637 arg1 response 660:667 molten SOA area-under-the-curve response 628:667 molten SOA area-under-the-curve response 628:667 A central composite response surface design and multicriteria optimization was used to maximize molten SOA area-under-the-curve response and signal-to-noise ratio. 27793345 0 60 theme Tandem 180:185 arg1 Method 295:300 Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method 180:300 Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method 180:300 Statistical Optimization of Evaporative Light Scattering Detection for Molten Sucrose Octaacetate and Comparison With Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection Validation Parameters Using Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method. 27793345 3 61 theme ELSD 700:703 arg1 data 705:708 The ELSD data 696:708 The ELSD data 696:708 The ELSD data were also analyzed using multivariate principal component analysis, analysis of variance, and standard least squares effects modeling. 27793345 5 62 theme molten 1015:1020 arg1 analyte 1022:1028 a molten analyte 1013:1028 a molten analyte 1013:1028 To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report that validates an ELSD method using a molten analyte. 27793345 0 63 theme Ultraviolet 192:202 arg1 Method 295:300 Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method 180:300 Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method 180:300 Statistical Optimization of Evaporative Light Scattering Detection for Molten Sucrose Octaacetate and Comparison With Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection Validation Parameters Using Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method. 27793345 3 64 theme multivariate 735:746 arg1 analysis 768:775 multivariate principal component analysis 735:775 multivariate principal component analysis 735:775 The ELSD data were also analyzed using multivariate principal component analysis, analysis of variance, and standard least squares effects modeling. 27793345 6 65 theme low-wavelength 1128:1141 arg1 detection 1150:1158 low-wavelength UV-DAD detection 1128:1158 low-wavelength UV-DAD detection 1128:1158 SOA exhibited a low molar absorptivity of 439 absorption units/cm/M in water at 210 nm requiring low-wavelength UV-DAD detection. 27793345 2 66 theme signal-to-noise 673:687 arg1 ratio 689:693 signal-to-noise ratio 673:693 signal-to-noise ratio 673:693 A central composite response surface design and multicriteria optimization was used to maximize molten SOA area-under-the-curve response and signal-to-noise ratio. 27793345 0 67 theme Sucrose 78:84 arg1 Octaacetate 86:96 Molten Sucrose Octaacetate 71:96 Molten Sucrose Octaacetate 71:96 Statistical Optimization of Evaporative Light Scattering Detection for Molten Sucrose Octaacetate and Comparison With Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection Validation Parameters Using Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method. 27793345 5 68 theme ELSD 995:998 arg1 method 1000:1005 an ELSD method 992:1005 an ELSD method using a molten analyte 992:1028 To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report that validates an ELSD method using a molten analyte. 27793345 8 69 theme theoretical 1443:1453 arg1 plates 1455:1460 58% more theoretical plates 1434:1460 58% more theoretical plates 1434:1460 ELSD exhibited a 60-fold greater area-under-the-curve response, better resolution, and 58% more theoretical plates. 27793345 1 70 theme low-wavelength 395:408 arg1 detection 425:433 low-wavelength UV-diode array detection 395:433 low-wavelength UV-diode array detection 395:433 A sucrose octaacetate (SOA) gradient HPLC evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) and low-wavelength UV-diode array detection (UV-DAD)-specific stability-indicating method development and validation comparison is reported. 27793345 1 71 dep HPLC 340:343 arg1 ELSD 385:388 ELSD 385:388 ELSD 385:388 A sucrose octaacetate (SOA) gradient HPLC evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) and low-wavelength UV-diode array detection (UV-DAD)-specific stability-indicating method development and validation comparison is reported. 27793345 1 71 dep HPLC 340:343 arg1 detection 374:382 evaporative light scattering detection 345:382 evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) 345:389 A sucrose octaacetate (SOA) gradient HPLC evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) and low-wavelength UV-diode array detection (UV-DAD)-specific stability-indicating method development and validation comparison is reported. 27793345 1 72 theme array 419:423 arg1 detection 425:433 low-wavelength UV-diode array detection 395:433 low-wavelength UV-diode array detection 395:433 A sucrose octaacetate (SOA) gradient HPLC evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) and low-wavelength UV-diode array detection (UV-DAD)-specific stability-indicating method development and validation comparison is reported. 27793345 0 73 theme Diode 130:134 arg1 Detection 142:150 Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection 118:150 Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection 118:150 Statistical Optimization of Evaporative Light Scattering Detection for Molten Sucrose Octaacetate and Comparison With Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection Validation Parameters Using Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method. 27793345 4 74 theme methods 902:908 arg1 suitability 856:866 The method suitability and validation parameters 845:892 suitability 856:866 The method suitability and validation parameters of both methods were compared. 27793345 4 74 theme methods 902:908 arg1 parameters 883:892 The method suitability and validation parameters 845:892 parameters 883:892 The method suitability and validation parameters of both methods were compared. 27793345 7 75 theme quantitation 1317:1328 arg1 limit 1330:1334 quantitation limit 1317:1334 quantitation limit 1317:1334 The low-wavelength UV-DAD method provided substantially better intraday and interday precision, intraday and interday goodness-of-fit, detection limit, and quantitation limit than ELSD. 27793345 0 76 theme Evaporative 28:38 arg1 Scattering 46:55 Evaporative Light Scattering 28:55 Evaporative Light Scattering Detection 28:65 Statistical Optimization of Evaporative Light Scattering Detection for Molten Sucrose Octaacetate and Comparison With Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection Validation Parameters Using Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method. 27793345 1 77 theme evaporative 345:355 arg1 ELSD 385:388 ELSD 385:388 ELSD 385:388 A sucrose octaacetate (SOA) gradient HPLC evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) and low-wavelength UV-diode array detection (UV-DAD)-specific stability-indicating method development and validation comparison is reported. 27793345 1 77 theme evaporative 345:355 arg1 detection 374:382 evaporative light scattering detection 345:382 evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) 345:389 A sucrose octaacetate (SOA) gradient HPLC evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) and low-wavelength UV-diode array detection (UV-DAD)-specific stability-indicating method development and validation comparison is reported. 27793345 6 78 from absorptivity 1057:1068 arg1 water 1102:1106 water 1102:1106 water 1102:1106 SOA exhibited a low molar absorptivity of 439 absorption units/cm/M in water at 210 nm requiring low-wavelength UV-DAD detection. 27793345 2 79 used used 611:614 arg2 design 569:574 A central composite response surface design 532:574 A central composite response surface design 532:574 A central composite response surface design and multicriteria optimization was used to maximize molten SOA area-under-the-curve response and signal-to-noise ratio. 27793345 2 79 used used 611:614 arg2 optimization 594:605 multicriteria optimization 580:605 multicriteria optimization 580:605 A central composite response surface design and multicriteria optimization was used to maximize molten SOA area-under-the-curve response and signal-to-noise ratio. 27793345 4 80 theme validation 872:881 arg1 parameters 883:892 The method suitability and validation parameters 845:892 parameters 883:892 The method suitability and validation parameters of both methods were compared. 27793345 0 81 theme Scattering 46:55 arg1 Detection 57:65 Evaporative Light Scattering Detection 28:65 Evaporative Light Scattering Detection 28:65 Statistical Optimization of Evaporative Light Scattering Detection for Molten Sucrose Octaacetate and Comparison With Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection Validation Parameters Using Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method. 27793345 1 82 theme scattering 363:372 arg1 ELSD 385:388 ELSD 385:388 ELSD 385:388 A sucrose octaacetate (SOA) gradient HPLC evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) and low-wavelength UV-diode array detection (UV-DAD)-specific stability-indicating method development and validation comparison is reported. 27793345 1 82 theme scattering 363:372 arg1 detection 374:382 evaporative light scattering detection 345:382 evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) 345:389 A sucrose octaacetate (SOA) gradient HPLC evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) and low-wavelength UV-diode array detection (UV-DAD)-specific stability-indicating method development and validation comparison is reported. 27793345 2 83 theme surface 561:567 arg1 design 569:574 A central composite response surface design 532:574 A central composite response surface design 532:574 A central composite response surface design and multicriteria optimization was used to maximize molten SOA area-under-the-curve response and signal-to-noise ratio. 27793345 3 84 theme component 758:766 arg1 analysis 768:775 multivariate principal component analysis 735:775 multivariate principal component analysis 735:775 The ELSD data were also analyzed using multivariate principal component analysis, analysis of variance, and standard least squares effects modeling. 27793345 1 85 theme sucrose 305:311 arg1 SOA 326:328 SOA 326:328 SOA 326:328 A sucrose octaacetate (SOA) gradient HPLC evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) and low-wavelength UV-diode array detection (UV-DAD)-specific stability-indicating method development and validation comparison is reported. 27793345 1 85 theme sucrose 305:311 arg1 octaacetate 313:323 A sucrose octaacetate 303:323 A sucrose octaacetate (SOA) gradient HPLC 303:343 A sucrose octaacetate (SOA) gradient HPLC evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) and low-wavelength UV-diode array detection (UV-DAD)-specific stability-indicating method development and validation comparison is reported. 27793345 0 86 theme Validation 152:161 arg1 Parameters 163:172 Validation Parameters 152:172 Validation Parameters 152:172 Statistical Optimization of Evaporative Light Scattering Detection for Molten Sucrose Octaacetate and Comparison With Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection Validation Parameters Using Tandem HPLC Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection/Evaporative Light Scattering Detection-Specific Stability-Indicating Method. 27793345 10 87 theme low-wavelength 1627:1640 arg1 detection 1645:1653 gradient HPLC low-wavelength UV detection 1613:1653 gradient HPLC low-wavelength UV detection 1613:1653 This study illustrates that ELSD may not always be the best alternative to gradient HPLC low-wavelength UV detection. 27793345 3 88 dep analysis 768:775 arg1 modeling 835:842 modeling 835:842 modeling 835:842 The ELSD data were also analyzed using multivariate principal component analysis, analysis of variance, and standard least squares effects modeling. 27793345 3 89 theme squares 819:825 arg1 effects 827:833 standard least squares effects 804:833 standard least squares effects 804:833 The ELSD data were also analyzed using multivariate principal component analysis, analysis of variance, and standard least squares effects modeling. 27793345 1 90 theme octaacetate 313:323 arg1 HPLC 340:343 A sucrose octaacetate (SOA) gradient HPLC 303:343 A sucrose octaacetate (SOA) gradient HPLC 303:343 A sucrose octaacetate (SOA) gradient HPLC evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) and low-wavelength UV-diode array detection (UV-DAD)-specific stability-indicating method development and validation comparison is reported. 27793345 1 90 theme octaacetate 313:323 arg1 UV-DAD 436:441 UV-DAD 436:441 UV-DAD 436:441 A sucrose octaacetate (SOA) gradient HPLC evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) and low-wavelength UV-diode array detection (UV-DAD)-specific stability-indicating method development and validation comparison is reported. 27789370 2 0 theme acid 409:412 arg1 mini-capsules 419:431 glutamate (CS)/hyaluronic acid (HA) mini-capsules 383:431 glutamate (CS)/hyaluronic acid (HA) mini-capsules 383:431 In particular pectin (PEC)/chitosan glutamate (CS)/hyaluronic acid (HA) mini-capsules were obtained by inverse ionotropic gelation in presence of calcium chloride and subsequently freeze-dried. 27789370 1 1 theme MH 281:282 arg1 components 295:304 manuka honey (MH) bioactive components 267:304 manuka honey (MH) bioactive components in the treatment of chronic skin ulcers 267:344 The aim of the present work was the development of a powder formulation for the delivery of manuka honey (MH) bioactive components in the treatment of chronic skin ulcers. 27789370 9 2 theme rat 1536:1538 arg1 model 1546:1550 a rat wound model 1534:1550 a rat wound model 1534:1550 Loaded particles showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes; they were also able to improve wound healing in vivo on a rat wound model. 27789370 8 3 theme present 1199:1205 arg1 work 1207:1210 the present work 1195:1210 the present work 1195:1210 In the present work, the loading of MH Fr1 into mini-capsules of optimized composition determined a significant increase in cell proliferation in comparison with the unloaded ones. 27789370 2 4 theme ionotropic 458:467 arg1 gelation 469:476 inverse ionotropic gelation 450:476 inverse ionotropic gelation 450:476 In particular pectin (PEC)/chitosan glutamate (CS)/hyaluronic acid (HA) mini-capsules were obtained by inverse ionotropic gelation in presence of calcium chloride and subsequently freeze-dried. 27789370 8 5 theme optimized 1257:1265 arg1 composition 1267:1277 optimized composition 1257:1277 optimized composition 1257:1277 In the present work, the loading of MH Fr1 into mini-capsules of optimized composition determined a significant increase in cell proliferation in comparison with the unloaded ones. 27789370 4 6 theme w/w 732:734 arg1 PEC 720:722 PEC 720:722 PEC (0.5-1% w/w) 720:735 In a screening phase, the following three factors were investigated at two levels: CS (0.5-1% w/w), PEC (0.5-1% w/w) and HA (0.3-0.5% w/w) concentrations. 27789370 4 6 theme w/w 732:734 arg1 % 730:730 0.5-1% w/w 725:734 0.5-1% w/w 725:734 In a screening phase, the following three factors were investigated at two levels: CS (0.5-1% w/w), PEC (0.5-1% w/w) and HA (0.3-0.5% w/w) concentrations. 27789370 2 7 theme chloride 501:508 arg1 presence 481:488 presence 481:488 presence of calcium chloride 481:508 In particular pectin (PEC)/chitosan glutamate (CS)/hyaluronic acid (HA) mini-capsules were obtained by inverse ionotropic gelation in presence of calcium chloride and subsequently freeze-dried. 27789370 7 8 theme MH 982:983 arg1 fractions 985:993 two different MH fractions 968:993 two different MH fractions 968:993 In a previously work two different MH fractions were investigated, in particular MH fraction 1 (Fr1), rich in polar substances (sugars, methylglyoxal (MGO), dicarbonyl compounds, …), was able to enhance human fibroblasts in vitro proliferation. 27789370 0 9 from Application 0:10 arg1 development 35:45 the development 31:45 the development of mini-capsules, based on biopolymers and manuka honey polar fraction, as powder formulation for the treatment of skin ulcers 31:172 Application of DoE approach in the development of mini-capsules, based on biopolymers and manuka honey polar fraction, as powder formulation for the treatment of skin ulcers. 27789370 0 10 theme ulcers 167:172 arg1 treatment 149:157 the treatment 145:157 the treatment of skin ulcers 145:172 Application of DoE approach in the development of mini-capsules, based on biopolymers and manuka honey polar fraction, as powder formulation for the treatment of skin ulcers. 27789370 7 11 theme MH 1028:1029 arg1 fraction 1031:1038 particular MH fraction 1 1017:1040 particular MH fraction 1 (Fr1) 1017:1046 In a previously work two different MH fractions were investigated, in particular MH fraction 1 (Fr1), rich in polar substances (sugars, methylglyoxal (MGO), dicarbonyl compounds, …), was able to enhance human fibroblasts in vitro proliferation. 27789370 7 11 theme MH 1028:1029 arg1 Fr1 1043:1045 Fr1 1043:1045 Fr1 1043:1045 In a previously work two different MH fractions were investigated, in particular MH fraction 1 (Fr1), rich in polar substances (sugars, methylglyoxal (MGO), dicarbonyl compounds, …), was able to enhance human fibroblasts in vitro proliferation. 27789370 1 12 theme components 295:304 arg1 delivery 255:262 the delivery 251:262 the delivery of manuka honey (MH) bioactive components in the treatment of chronic skin ulcers 251:344 The aim of the present work was the development of a powder formulation for the delivery of manuka honey (MH) bioactive components in the treatment of chronic skin ulcers. 27789370 0 13 theme skin 162:165 arg1 ulcers 167:172 skin ulcers 162:172 skin ulcers 162:172 Application of DoE approach in the development of mini-capsules, based on biopolymers and manuka honey polar fraction, as powder formulation for the treatment of skin ulcers. 27789370 7 14 from rich 1049:1052 arg1 substances 1063:1072 polar substances 1057:1072 polar substances (sugars, methylglyoxal (MGO), dicarbonyl compounds, …) 1057:1127 In a previously work two different MH fractions were investigated, in particular MH fraction 1 (Fr1), rich in polar substances (sugars, methylglyoxal (MGO), dicarbonyl compounds, …), was able to enhance human fibroblasts in vitro proliferation. 27789370 5 15 theme central 805:811 arg1 " 829:829 a "central composite design" 802:829 a "central composite design" 802:829 For the optimization phase a "central composite design" was used. 27789370 2 16 theme PEC 369:371 arg1 /chitosan 373:381 particular pectin (PEC)/chitosan 350:381 particular pectin (PEC)/chitosan 350:381 In particular pectin (PEC)/chitosan glutamate (CS)/hyaluronic acid (HA) mini-capsules were obtained by inverse ionotropic gelation in presence of calcium chloride and subsequently freeze-dried. 27789370 8 17 theme cell 1316:1319 arg1 proliferation 1321:1333 cell proliferation 1316:1333 cell proliferation 1316:1333 In the present work, the loading of MH Fr1 into mini-capsules of optimized composition determined a significant increase in cell proliferation in comparison with the unloaded ones. 27789370 0 18 theme honey 97:101 arg1 fraction 109:116 manuka honey polar fraction 90:116 manuka honey polar fraction 90:116 Application of DoE approach in the development of mini-capsules, based on biopolymers and manuka honey polar fraction, as powder formulation for the treatment of skin ulcers. 27789370 7 19 theme rich 1049:1052 arg1 fraction 1031:1038 particular MH fraction 1 1017:1040 particular MH fraction 1 (Fr1) 1017:1046 In a previously work two different MH fractions were investigated, in particular MH fraction 1 (Fr1), rich in polar substances (sugars, methylglyoxal (MGO), dicarbonyl compounds, …), was able to enhance human fibroblasts in vitro proliferation. 27789370 7 19 theme rich 1049:1052 arg1 Fr1 1043:1045 Fr1 1043:1045 Fr1 1043:1045 In a previously work two different MH fractions were investigated, in particular MH fraction 1 (Fr1), rich in polar substances (sugars, methylglyoxal (MGO), dicarbonyl compounds, …), was able to enhance human fibroblasts in vitro proliferation. 27789370 5 20 theme optimization 783:794 arg1 phase 796:800 the optimization phase 779:800 the optimization phase 779:800 For the optimization phase a "central composite design" was used. 27789370 6 21 theme particle 881:888 arg1 size 890:893 particle size 881:893 particle size 881:893 The response variables considered were: particle size, buffer (PBS) absorption and mechanical resistance. 27789370 6 21 theme particle 881:888 arg1 variables 854:862 The response variables 841:862 The response variables considered 841:873 The response variables considered were: particle size, buffer (PBS) absorption and mechanical resistance. 27789370 5 22 theme composite 813:821 arg1 " 829:829 a "central composite design" 802:829 a "central composite design" 802:829 For the optimization phase a "central composite design" was used. 27789370 7 23 theme dicarbonyl 1104:1113 arg1 sugars 1075:1080 sugars 1075:1080 sugars 1075:1080 In a previously work two different MH fractions were investigated, in particular MH fraction 1 (Fr1), rich in polar substances (sugars, methylglyoxal (MGO), dicarbonyl compounds, …), was able to enhance human fibroblasts in vitro proliferation. 27789370 7 23 theme dicarbonyl 1104:1113 arg1 compounds 1115:1123 dicarbonyl compounds 1104:1123 dicarbonyl compounds 1104:1123 In a previously work two different MH fractions were investigated, in particular MH fraction 1 (Fr1), rich in polar substances (sugars, methylglyoxal (MGO), dicarbonyl compounds, …), was able to enhance human fibroblasts in vitro proliferation. 27789370 0 24 theme manuka 90:95 arg1 fraction 109:116 manuka honey polar fraction 90:116 manuka honey polar fraction 90:116 Application of DoE approach in the development of mini-capsules, based on biopolymers and manuka honey polar fraction, as powder formulation for the treatment of skin ulcers. 27789370 8 25 theme significant 1292:1302 arg1 increase 1304:1311 a significant increase 1290:1311 a significant increase in cell proliferation in comparison with the unloaded ones 1290:1370 In the present work, the loading of MH Fr1 into mini-capsules of optimized composition determined a significant increase in cell proliferation in comparison with the unloaded ones. 27789370 4 26 theme PEC 720:722 arg1 concentrations 759:772 CS (0.5-1% w/w), PEC (0.5-1% w/w) and HA (0.3-0.5% w/w) concentrations 703:772 CS (0.5-1% w/w), PEC (0.5-1% w/w) and HA (0.3-0.5% w/w) concentrations 703:772 In a screening phase, the following three factors were investigated at two levels: CS (0.5-1% w/w), PEC (0.5-1% w/w) and HA (0.3-0.5% w/w) concentrations. 27789370 4 27 theme HA 741:742 arg1 concentrations 759:772 CS (0.5-1% w/w), PEC (0.5-1% w/w) and HA (0.3-0.5% w/w) concentrations 703:772 CS (0.5-1% w/w), PEC (0.5-1% w/w) and HA (0.3-0.5% w/w) concentrations 703:772 In a screening phase, the following three factors were investigated at two levels: CS (0.5-1% w/w), PEC (0.5-1% w/w) and HA (0.3-0.5% w/w) concentrations. 27789370 5 28 theme design 823:828 arg1 " 829:829 a "central composite design" 802:829 a "central composite design" 802:829 For the optimization phase a "central composite design" was used. 27789370 7 29 dep substances 1063:1072 arg1 methylglyoxal 1083:1095 methylglyoxal 1083:1095 methylglyoxal (MGO) 1083:1101 In a previously work two different MH fractions were investigated, in particular MH fraction 1 (Fr1), rich in polar substances (sugars, methylglyoxal (MGO), dicarbonyl compounds, …), was able to enhance human fibroblasts in vitro proliferation. 27789370 7 29 dep substances 1063:1072 arg1 compounds 1115:1123 dicarbonyl compounds 1104:1123 dicarbonyl compounds 1104:1123 In a previously work two different MH fractions were investigated, in particular MH fraction 1 (Fr1), rich in polar substances (sugars, methylglyoxal (MGO), dicarbonyl compounds, …), was able to enhance human fibroblasts in vitro proliferation. 27789370 7 29 dep substances 1063:1072 arg1 … 1126:1126 … 1126:1126 … 1126:1126 In a previously work two different MH fractions were investigated, in particular MH fraction 1 (Fr1), rich in polar substances (sugars, methylglyoxal (MGO), dicarbonyl compounds, …), was able to enhance human fibroblasts in vitro proliferation. 27789370 7 29 dep substances 1063:1072 arg1 sugars 1075:1080 sugars 1075:1080 sugars 1075:1080 In a previously work two different MH fractions were investigated, in particular MH fraction 1 (Fr1), rich in polar substances (sugars, methylglyoxal (MGO), dicarbonyl compounds, …), was able to enhance human fibroblasts in vitro proliferation. 27789370 9 30 theme wound 1540:1544 arg1 model 1546:1550 a rat wound model 1534:1550 a rat wound model 1534:1550 Loaded particles showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes; they were also able to improve wound healing in vivo on a rat wound model. 27789370 2 31 theme /hyaluronic 397:407 arg1 HA 415:416 HA 415:416 HA 415:416 In particular pectin (PEC)/chitosan glutamate (CS)/hyaluronic acid (HA) mini-capsules were obtained by inverse ionotropic gelation in presence of calcium chloride and subsequently freeze-dried. 27789370 2 31 theme /hyaluronic 397:407 arg1 acid 409:412 glutamate (CS)/hyaluronic acid 383:412 glutamate (CS)/hyaluronic acid (HA) mini-capsules 383:431 In particular pectin (PEC)/chitosan glutamate (CS)/hyaluronic acid (HA) mini-capsules were obtained by inverse ionotropic gelation in presence of calcium chloride and subsequently freeze-dried. 27789370 7 32 from substances 1063:1072 arg1 rich 1049:1052 rich 1049:1052 rich 1049:1052 In a previously work two different MH fractions were investigated, in particular MH fraction 1 (Fr1), rich in polar substances (sugars, methylglyoxal (MGO), dicarbonyl compounds, …), was able to enhance human fibroblasts in vitro proliferation. 27789370 9 33 theme wound 1509:1513 arg1 healing 1515:1521 wound healing 1509:1521 wound healing 1509:1521 Loaded particles showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes; they were also able to improve wound healing in vivo on a rat wound model. 27789370 8 34 theme composition 1267:1277 arg1 mini-capsules 1240:1252 mini-capsules 1240:1252 mini-capsules of optimized composition 1240:1277 In the present work, the loading of MH Fr1 into mini-capsules of optimized composition determined a significant increase in cell proliferation in comparison with the unloaded ones. 27789370 6 35 theme buffer 896:901 arg1 absorption 909:918 buffer (PBS) absorption 896:918 buffer (PBS) absorption 896:918 The response variables considered were: particle size, buffer (PBS) absorption and mechanical resistance. 27789370 1 36 from treatment 313:321 arg1 delivery 255:262 the delivery 251:262 the delivery of manuka honey (MH) bioactive components in the treatment of chronic skin ulcers 251:344 The aim of the present work was the development of a powder formulation for the delivery of manuka honey (MH) bioactive components in the treatment of chronic skin ulcers. 27789370 1 37 theme powder 228:233 arg1 formulation 235:245 a powder formulation 226:245 a powder formulation for the delivery of manuka honey (MH) bioactive components in the treatment of chronic skin ulcers 226:344 The aim of the present work was the development of a powder formulation for the delivery of manuka honey (MH) bioactive components in the treatment of chronic skin ulcers. 27789370 5 38 used used 835:838 arg2 " 829:829 a "central composite design" 802:829 a "central composite design" 802:829 For the optimization phase a "central composite design" was used. 27789370 4 39 theme following 646:654 arg1 factors 662:668 the following three factors 642:668 the following three factors 642:668 In a screening phase, the following three factors were investigated at two levels: CS (0.5-1% w/w), PEC (0.5-1% w/w) and HA (0.3-0.5% w/w) concentrations. 27789370 3 40 theme formulation 574:584 arg1 Optimization 541:552 Optimization 541:552 Optimization of unloaded (blank) formulation 541:584 Optimization of unloaded (blank) formulation was performed using DoE approach. 27789370 0 41 theme approach 19:26 arg1 Application 0:10 Application 0:10 Application of DoE approach in the development of mini-capsules, based on biopolymers and manuka honey polar fraction, as powder formulation for the treatment of skin ulcers. 0:173 Application of DoE approach in the development of mini-capsules, based on biopolymers and manuka honey polar fraction, as powder formulation for the treatment of skin ulcers. 27789370 1 42 theme formulation 235:245 arg1 development 211:221 the development 207:221 the development of a powder formulation for the delivery of manuka honey (MH) bioactive components in the treatment of chronic skin ulcers 207:344 The aim of the present work was the development of a powder formulation for the delivery of manuka honey (MH) bioactive components in the treatment of chronic skin ulcers. 27789370 1 42 theme formulation 235:245 arg1 aim 179:181 The aim 175:181 The aim of the present work 175:201 The aim of the present work was the development of a powder formulation for the delivery of manuka honey (MH) bioactive components in the treatment of chronic skin ulcers. 27789370 9 43 theme Loaded 1373:1378 arg1 particles 1380:1388 Loaded particles 1373:1388 Loaded particles 1373:1388 Loaded particles showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes; they were also able to improve wound healing in vivo on a rat wound model. 27789370 7 44 theme human 1150:1154 arg1 fibroblasts 1156:1166 human fibroblasts 1150:1166 human fibroblasts 1150:1166 In a previously work two different MH fractions were investigated, in particular MH fraction 1 (Fr1), rich in polar substances (sugars, methylglyoxal (MGO), dicarbonyl compounds, …), was able to enhance human fibroblasts in vitro proliferation. 27789370 2 45 theme pectin 361:366 arg1 /chitosan 373:381 particular pectin (PEC)/chitosan 350:381 particular pectin (PEC)/chitosan 350:381 In particular pectin (PEC)/chitosan glutamate (CS)/hyaluronic acid (HA) mini-capsules were obtained by inverse ionotropic gelation in presence of calcium chloride and subsequently freeze-dried. 27789370 0 46 theme DoE 15:17 arg1 approach 19:26 DoE approach 15:26 DoE approach 15:26 Application of DoE approach in the development of mini-capsules, based on biopolymers and manuka honey polar fraction, as powder formulation for the treatment of skin ulcers. 27789370 0 47 theme polar 103:107 arg1 fraction 109:116 manuka honey polar fraction 90:116 manuka honey polar fraction 90:116 Application of DoE approach in the development of mini-capsules, based on biopolymers and manuka honey polar fraction, as powder formulation for the treatment of skin ulcers. 27789370 4 48 dep investigated 675:686 arg1 concentrations 759:772 CS (0.5-1% w/w), PEC (0.5-1% w/w) and HA (0.3-0.5% w/w) concentrations 703:772 CS (0.5-1% w/w), PEC (0.5-1% w/w) and HA (0.3-0.5% w/w) concentrations 703:772 In a screening phase, the following three factors were investigated at two levels: CS (0.5-1% w/w), PEC (0.5-1% w/w) and HA (0.3-0.5% w/w) concentrations. 27789370 2 49 theme particular 350:359 arg1 /chitosan 373:381 particular pectin (PEC)/chitosan 350:381 particular pectin (PEC)/chitosan 350:381 In particular pectin (PEC)/chitosan glutamate (CS)/hyaluronic acid (HA) mini-capsules were obtained by inverse ionotropic gelation in presence of calcium chloride and subsequently freeze-dried. 27789370 4 50 theme screening 625:633 arg1 phase 635:639 a screening phase 623:639 a screening phase 623:639 In a screening phase, the following three factors were investigated at two levels: CS (0.5-1% w/w), PEC (0.5-1% w/w) and HA (0.3-0.5% w/w) concentrations. 27789370 2 51 theme inverse 450:456 arg1 gelation 469:476 inverse ionotropic gelation 450:476 inverse ionotropic gelation 450:476 In particular pectin (PEC)/chitosan glutamate (CS)/hyaluronic acid (HA) mini-capsules were obtained by inverse ionotropic gelation in presence of calcium chloride and subsequently freeze-dried. 27789370 1 52 theme chronic 326:332 arg1 ulcers 339:344 chronic skin ulcers 326:344 chronic skin ulcers 326:344 The aim of the present work was the development of a powder formulation for the delivery of manuka honey (MH) bioactive components in the treatment of chronic skin ulcers. 27789370 4 53 theme w/w 714:716 arg1 CS 703:704 CS 703:704 CS (0.5-1% w/w) 703:717 In a screening phase, the following three factors were investigated at two levels: CS (0.5-1% w/w), PEC (0.5-1% w/w) and HA (0.3-0.5% w/w) concentrations. 27789370 4 53 theme w/w 714:716 arg1 % 712:712 0.5-1% w/w 707:716 0.5-1% w/w 707:716 In a screening phase, the following three factors were investigated at two levels: CS (0.5-1% w/w), PEC (0.5-1% w/w) and HA (0.3-0.5% w/w) concentrations. 27789370 2 54 theme CS 394:395 arg1 HA 415:416 HA 415:416 HA 415:416 In particular pectin (PEC)/chitosan glutamate (CS)/hyaluronic acid (HA) mini-capsules were obtained by inverse ionotropic gelation in presence of calcium chloride and subsequently freeze-dried. 27789370 2 54 theme CS 394:395 arg1 acid 409:412 glutamate (CS)/hyaluronic acid 383:412 glutamate (CS)/hyaluronic acid (HA) mini-capsules 383:431 In particular pectin (PEC)/chitosan glutamate (CS)/hyaluronic acid (HA) mini-capsules were obtained by inverse ionotropic gelation in presence of calcium chloride and subsequently freeze-dried. 27789370 7 55 theme different 972:980 arg1 fractions 985:993 two different MH fractions 968:993 two different MH fractions 968:993 In a previously work two different MH fractions were investigated, in particular MH fraction 1 (Fr1), rich in polar substances (sugars, methylglyoxal (MGO), dicarbonyl compounds, …), was able to enhance human fibroblasts in vitro proliferation. 27789370 1 56 theme skin 334:337 arg1 ulcers 339:344 chronic skin ulcers 326:344 chronic skin ulcers 326:344 The aim of the present work was the development of a powder formulation for the delivery of manuka honey (MH) bioactive components in the treatment of chronic skin ulcers. 27789370 1 57 from components 295:304 arg1 treatment 313:321 the treatment 309:321 the treatment of chronic skin ulcers 309:344 The aim of the present work was the development of a powder formulation for the delivery of manuka honey (MH) bioactive components in the treatment of chronic skin ulcers. 27789370 7 58 theme particular 1017:1026 arg1 fraction 1031:1038 particular MH fraction 1 1017:1040 particular MH fraction 1 (Fr1) 1017:1046 In a previously work two different MH fractions were investigated, in particular MH fraction 1 (Fr1), rich in polar substances (sugars, methylglyoxal (MGO), dicarbonyl compounds, …), was able to enhance human fibroblasts in vitro proliferation. 27789370 7 58 theme particular 1017:1026 arg1 Fr1 1043:1045 Fr1 1043:1045 Fr1 1043:1045 In a previously work two different MH fractions were investigated, in particular MH fraction 1 (Fr1), rich in polar substances (sugars, methylglyoxal (MGO), dicarbonyl compounds, …), was able to enhance human fibroblasts in vitro proliferation. 27789370 2 59 theme calcium 493:499 arg1 chloride 501:508 calcium chloride 493:508 calcium chloride 493:508 In particular pectin (PEC)/chitosan glutamate (CS)/hyaluronic acid (HA) mini-capsules were obtained by inverse ionotropic gelation in presence of calcium chloride and subsequently freeze-dried. 27789370 1 60 theme ulcers 339:344 arg1 treatment 313:321 the treatment 309:321 the treatment of chronic skin ulcers 309:344 The aim of the present work was the development of a powder formulation for the delivery of manuka honey (MH) bioactive components in the treatment of chronic skin ulcers. 27789370 1 61 theme bioactive 285:293 arg1 components 295:304 manuka honey (MH) bioactive components 267:304 manuka honey (MH) bioactive components in the treatment of chronic skin ulcers 267:344 The aim of the present work was the development of a powder formulation for the delivery of manuka honey (MH) bioactive components in the treatment of chronic skin ulcers. 27789370 1 62 theme manuka 267:272 arg1 components 295:304 manuka honey (MH) bioactive components 267:304 manuka honey (MH) bioactive components in the treatment of chronic skin ulcers 267:344 The aim of the present work was the development of a powder formulation for the delivery of manuka honey (MH) bioactive components in the treatment of chronic skin ulcers. 27789370 0 63 theme powder 122:127 arg1 formulation 129:139 powder formulation 122:139 powder formulation for the treatment of skin ulcers 122:172 Application of DoE approach in the development of mini-capsules, based on biopolymers and manuka honey polar fraction, as powder formulation for the treatment of skin ulcers. 27789370 2 64 theme glutamate 383:391 arg1 HA 415:416 HA 415:416 HA 415:416 In particular pectin (PEC)/chitosan glutamate (CS)/hyaluronic acid (HA) mini-capsules were obtained by inverse ionotropic gelation in presence of calcium chloride and subsequently freeze-dried. 27789370 2 64 theme glutamate 383:391 arg1 acid 409:412 glutamate (CS)/hyaluronic acid 383:412 glutamate (CS)/hyaluronic acid (HA) mini-capsules 383:431 In particular pectin (PEC)/chitosan glutamate (CS)/hyaluronic acid (HA) mini-capsules were obtained by inverse ionotropic gelation in presence of calcium chloride and subsequently freeze-dried. 27789370 9 65 theme antimicrobial 1397:1409 arg1 activity 1411:1418 antimicrobial activity 1397:1418 antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes 1397:1475 Loaded particles showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes; they were also able to improve wound healing in vivo on a rat wound model. 27789370 8 66 from increase 1304:1311 arg1 comparison 1338:1347 comparison 1338:1347 comparison with the unloaded ones 1338:1370 In the present work, the loading of MH Fr1 into mini-capsules of optimized composition determined a significant increase in cell proliferation in comparison with the unloaded ones. 27789370 8 66 from increase 1304:1311 arg1 proliferation 1321:1333 cell proliferation 1316:1333 cell proliferation 1316:1333 In the present work, the loading of MH Fr1 into mini-capsules of optimized composition determined a significant increase in cell proliferation in comparison with the unloaded ones. 27789370 1 67 from delivery 255:262 arg1 treatment 313:321 the treatment 309:321 the treatment of chronic skin ulcers 309:344 The aim of the present work was the development of a powder formulation for the delivery of manuka honey (MH) bioactive components in the treatment of chronic skin ulcers. 27789370 6 68 theme response 845:852 arg1 size 890:893 particle size 881:893 particle size 881:893 The response variables considered were: particle size, buffer (PBS) absorption and mechanical resistance. 27789370 6 68 theme response 845:852 arg1 variables 854:862 The response variables 841:862 The response variables considered 841:873 The response variables considered were: particle size, buffer (PBS) absorption and mechanical resistance. 27789370 1 69 theme honey 274:278 arg1 components 295:304 manuka honey (MH) bioactive components 267:304 manuka honey (MH) bioactive components in the treatment of chronic skin ulcers 267:344 The aim of the present work was the development of a powder formulation for the delivery of manuka honey (MH) bioactive components in the treatment of chronic skin ulcers. 27789370 4 70 theme w/w 754:756 arg1 % 752:752 0.3-0.5% w/w 745:756 0.3-0.5% w/w 745:756 In a screening phase, the following three factors were investigated at two levels: CS (0.5-1% w/w), PEC (0.5-1% w/w) and HA (0.3-0.5% w/w) concentrations. 27789370 4 70 theme w/w 754:756 arg1 CS 703:704 CS 703:704 CS (0.5-1% w/w) 703:717 In a screening phase, the following three factors were investigated at two levels: CS (0.5-1% w/w), PEC (0.5-1% w/w) and HA (0.3-0.5% w/w) concentrations. 27789370 3 71 theme DoE 606:608 arg1 approach 610:617 DoE approach 606:617 DoE approach 606:617 Optimization of unloaded (blank) formulation was performed using DoE approach. 27789370 4 72 theme CS 703:704 arg1 concentrations 759:772 CS (0.5-1% w/w), PEC (0.5-1% w/w) and HA (0.3-0.5% w/w) concentrations 703:772 CS (0.5-1% w/w), PEC (0.5-1% w/w) and HA (0.3-0.5% w/w) concentrations 703:772 In a screening phase, the following three factors were investigated at two levels: CS (0.5-1% w/w), PEC (0.5-1% w/w) and HA (0.3-0.5% w/w) concentrations. 27789370 3 73 theme blank 567:571 arg1 formulation 574:584 unloaded (blank) formulation 557:584 unloaded (blank) formulation 557:584 Optimization of unloaded (blank) formulation was performed using DoE approach. 27789370 7 74 theme vitro 1171:1175 arg1 proliferation 1177:1189 vitro proliferation 1171:1189 vitro proliferation 1171:1189 In a previously work two different MH fractions were investigated, in particular MH fraction 1 (Fr1), rich in polar substances (sugars, methylglyoxal (MGO), dicarbonyl compounds, …), was able to enhance human fibroblasts in vitro proliferation. 27789370 8 75 theme Fr1 1231:1233 arg1 loading 1217:1223 the loading 1213:1223 the loading of MH Fr1 into mini-capsules of optimized composition 1213:1277 In the present work, the loading of MH Fr1 into mini-capsules of optimized composition determined a significant increase in cell proliferation in comparison with the unloaded ones. 27789370 3 76 theme unloaded 557:564 arg1 formulation 574:584 unloaded (blank) formulation 557:584 unloaded (blank) formulation 557:584 Optimization of unloaded (blank) formulation was performed using DoE approach. 27789370 1 77 theme present 190:196 arg1 work 198:201 the present work 186:201 the present work 186:201 The aim of the present work was the development of a powder formulation for the delivery of manuka honey (MH) bioactive components in the treatment of chronic skin ulcers. 27789370 8 78 theme MH 1228:1229 arg1 Fr1 1231:1233 MH Fr1 1228:1233 MH Fr1 1228:1233 In the present work, the loading of MH Fr1 into mini-capsules of optimized composition determined a significant increase in cell proliferation in comparison with the unloaded ones. 27789370 8 79 with comparison 1338:1347 arg1 ones 1367:1370 the unloaded ones 1354:1370 the unloaded ones 1354:1370 In the present work, the loading of MH Fr1 into mini-capsules of optimized composition determined a significant increase in cell proliferation in comparison with the unloaded ones. 27789370 6 80 theme mechanical 924:933 arg1 resistance 935:944 mechanical resistance 924:944 mechanical resistance 924:944 The response variables considered were: particle size, buffer (PBS) absorption and mechanical resistance. 27789370 1 81 theme work 198:201 arg1 development 211:221 the development 207:221 the development of a powder formulation for the delivery of manuka honey (MH) bioactive components in the treatment of chronic skin ulcers 207:344 The aim of the present work was the development of a powder formulation for the delivery of manuka honey (MH) bioactive components in the treatment of chronic skin ulcers. 27789370 1 81 theme work 198:201 arg1 aim 179:181 The aim 175:181 The aim of the present work 175:201 The aim of the present work was the development of a powder formulation for the delivery of manuka honey (MH) bioactive components in the treatment of chronic skin ulcers. 27789370 0 82 theme mini-capsules 50:62 arg1 development 35:45 the development 31:45 the development of mini-capsules, based on biopolymers and manuka honey polar fraction, as powder formulation for the treatment of skin ulcers 31:172 Application of DoE approach in the development of mini-capsules, based on biopolymers and manuka honey polar fraction, as powder formulation for the treatment of skin ulcers. 27789370 8 83 theme unloaded 1358:1365 arg1 ones 1367:1370 the unloaded ones 1354:1370 the unloaded ones 1354:1370 In the present work, the loading of MH Fr1 into mini-capsules of optimized composition determined a significant increase in cell proliferation in comparison with the unloaded ones. 27789370 7 84 theme polar 1057:1061 arg1 substances 1063:1072 polar substances 1057:1072 polar substances (sugars, methylglyoxal (MGO), dicarbonyl compounds, …) 1057:1127 In a previously work two different MH fractions were investigated, in particular MH fraction 1 (Fr1), rich in polar substances (sugars, methylglyoxal (MGO), dicarbonyl compounds, …), was able to enhance human fibroblasts in vitro proliferation. 28675840 7 0 theme relevance 1083:1091 arg1 investigation 1026:1038 unprecedented investigation 1012:1038 unprecedented investigation of aeration rate and sucrose concentration relevance in biosurfactant production by A. pullulans in stirred tank reactor 1012:1159 Also, unprecedented investigation of aeration rate and sucrose concentration relevance in biosurfactant production by A. pullulans in stirred tank reactor was detailed, demonstrating the importance to establish adequate conditions in bioreactors, aimed to scale-up process. 28675840 7 1 from production 1110:1119 arg1 reactor 1153:1159 stirred tank reactor 1140:1159 stirred tank reactor 1140:1159 Also, unprecedented investigation of aeration rate and sucrose concentration relevance in biosurfactant production by A. pullulans in stirred tank reactor was detailed, demonstrating the importance to establish adequate conditions in bioreactors, aimed to scale-up process. 28675840 0 2 theme New 80:82 arg1 approach 84:91 New approach 80:91 Biosurfactant production by Aureobasidium pullulans in stirred tank bioreactor: New approach to understand the influence of important variables in the process. 0:158 Biosurfactant production by Aureobasidium pullulans in stirred tank bioreactor: New approach to understand the influence of important variables in the process. 28675840 0 3 from production 14:23 arg1 bioreactor 68:77 stirred tank bioreactor 55:77 stirred tank bioreactor 55:77 Biosurfactant production by Aureobasidium pullulans in stirred tank bioreactor: New approach to understand the influence of important variables in the process. 28675840 7 4 theme stirred 1140:1146 arg1 reactor 1153:1159 stirred tank reactor 1140:1159 stirred tank reactor 1140:1159 Also, unprecedented investigation of aeration rate and sucrose concentration relevance in biosurfactant production by A. pullulans in stirred tank reactor was detailed, demonstrating the importance to establish adequate conditions in bioreactors, aimed to scale-up process. 28675840 2 5 theme process 373:379 arg1 configurations 381:394 new sustainable process configurations 357:394 new sustainable process configurations 357:394 However, biotechnological process, aimed to develop new sustainable process configurations by using favorable microorganisms, already requires investigations in more details. 28675840 3 6 from LB 593:594 arg1 reactor 616:622 stirred tank reactor 603:622 stirred tank reactor 603:622 Thus, we present a novel approach for biosurfactant production using the promising yeast Aureobasidium pullulans LB 83, in stirred tank reactor. 28675840 7 7 theme adequate 1217:1224 arg1 conditions 1226:1235 adequate conditions 1217:1235 adequate conditions 1217:1235 Also, unprecedented investigation of aeration rate and sucrose concentration relevance in biosurfactant production by A. pullulans in stirred tank reactor was detailed, demonstrating the importance to establish adequate conditions in bioreactors, aimed to scale-up process. 28675840 7 8 theme unprecedented 1012:1024 arg1 investigation 1026:1038 unprecedented investigation 1012:1038 unprecedented investigation of aeration rate and sucrose concentration relevance in biosurfactant production by A. pullulans in stirred tank reactor 1012:1159 Also, unprecedented investigation of aeration rate and sucrose concentration relevance in biosurfactant production by A. pullulans in stirred tank reactor was detailed, demonstrating the importance to establish adequate conditions in bioreactors, aimed to scale-up process. 28675840 0 9 from process 151:157 arg1 influence 111:119 the influence 107:119 the influence of important variables in the process 107:157 Biosurfactant production by Aureobasidium pullulans in stirred tank bioreactor: New approach to understand the influence of important variables in the process. 28675840 3 10 theme stirred 603:609 arg1 reactor 616:622 stirred tank reactor 603:622 stirred tank reactor 603:622 Thus, we present a novel approach for biosurfactant production using the promising yeast Aureobasidium pullulans LB 83, in stirred tank reactor. 28675840 6 11 theme Statistical 841:851 arg1 analysis 853:860 Statistical analysis 841:860 Statistical analysis 841:860 Statistical analysis showed that the use of variables at high levels enhanced tensoactivity, showing 8.05cm in the oil spread test and productivity of 0.0838cm.h-1. 28675840 1 12 theme oil 291:293 arg1 industry 295:302 oil industry 291:302 oil industry 291:302 Surfactants are amphiphilic molecules with large industrial applications produced currently by chemical routes mainly derived from oil industry. 28675840 3 13 theme biosurfactant 518:530 arg1 production 532:541 biosurfactant production 518:541 biosurfactant production using the promising yeast Aureobasidium pullulans LB 83, in stirred tank reactor 518:622 Thus, we present a novel approach for biosurfactant production using the promising yeast Aureobasidium pullulans LB 83, in stirred tank reactor. 28675840 7 14 theme tank 1148:1151 arg1 reactor 1153:1159 stirred tank reactor 1140:1159 stirred tank reactor 1140:1159 Also, unprecedented investigation of aeration rate and sucrose concentration relevance in biosurfactant production by A. pullulans in stirred tank reactor was detailed, demonstrating the importance to establish adequate conditions in bioreactors, aimed to scale-up process. 28675840 3 15 theme novel 499:503 arg1 approach 505:512 a novel approach 497:512 a novel approach for biosurfactant production using the promising yeast Aureobasidium pullulans LB 83, in stirred tank reactor 497:622 Thus, we present a novel approach for biosurfactant production using the promising yeast Aureobasidium pullulans LB 83, in stirred tank reactor. 28675840 3 16 theme Aureobasidium 569:581 arg1 LB 593:594 the promising yeast Aureobasidium pullulans LB 83 549:597 the promising yeast Aureobasidium pullulans LB 83 549:597 Thus, we present a novel approach for biosurfactant production using the promising yeast Aureobasidium pullulans LB 83, in stirred tank reactor. 28675840 6 17 from use 878:880 arg1 levels 903:908 high levels 898:908 high levels 898:908 Statistical analysis showed that the use of variables at high levels enhanced tensoactivity, showing 8.05cm in the oil spread test and productivity of 0.0838cm.h-1. 28675840 3 18 theme pullulans 583:591 arg1 LB 593:594 the promising yeast Aureobasidium pullulans LB 83 549:597 the promising yeast Aureobasidium pullulans LB 83 549:597 Thus, we present a novel approach for biosurfactant production using the promising yeast Aureobasidium pullulans LB 83, in stirred tank reactor. 28675840 1 19 theme amphiphilic 176:186 arg1 molecules 188:196 amphiphilic molecules 176:196 amphiphilic molecules with large industrial applications produced currently by chemical routes mainly derived from oil industry 176:302 Surfactants are amphiphilic molecules with large industrial applications produced currently by chemical routes mainly derived from oil industry. 28675840 1 19 theme amphiphilic 176:186 arg1 Surfactants 160:170 Surfactants 160:170 Surfactants 160:170 Surfactants are amphiphilic molecules with large industrial applications produced currently by chemical routes mainly derived from oil industry. 28675840 5 20 theme biosurfactant 787:799 arg1 tensoactivity 809:821 the biosurfactant maximum tensoactivity 783:821 the biosurfactant maximum tensoactivity 783:821 L-1) in the biosurfactant maximum tensoactivity and productivity. 28675840 0 21 dep approach 84:91 arg1 understand 96:105 understand 96:105 to understand the influence of important variables in the process 93:157 Biosurfactant production by Aureobasidium pullulans in stirred tank bioreactor: New approach to understand the influence of important variables in the process. 28675840 7 22 theme biosurfactant 1096:1108 arg1 production 1110:1119 biosurfactant production 1096:1119 biosurfactant production by A. pullulans in stirred tank reactor 1096:1159 Also, unprecedented investigation of aeration rate and sucrose concentration relevance in biosurfactant production by A. pullulans in stirred tank reactor was detailed, demonstrating the importance to establish adequate conditions in bioreactors, aimed to scale-up process. 28675840 7 23 from investigation 1026:1038 arg1 production 1110:1119 biosurfactant production 1096:1119 biosurfactant production by A. pullulans in stirred tank reactor 1096:1159 Also, unprecedented investigation of aeration rate and sucrose concentration relevance in biosurfactant production by A. pullulans in stirred tank reactor was detailed, demonstrating the importance to establish adequate conditions in bioreactors, aimed to scale-up process. 28675840 0 24 theme Biosurfactant 0:12 arg1 production 14:23 Biosurfactant production 0:23 Biosurfactant production by Aureobasidium pullulans in stirred tank bioreactor: New approach to understand the influence of important variables in the process. 0:158 Biosurfactant production by Aureobasidium pullulans in stirred tank bioreactor: New approach to understand the influence of important variables in the process. 28675840 4 25 theme sucrose 745:751 arg1 concentration 753:765 sucrose concentration 745:765 sucrose concentration (20-80g 745:773 A central composite face-centered design was carried out to evaluate the effect of the aeration rate (0.1-1.1min-1) and sucrose concentration (20-80g. 28675840 3 26 theme tank 611:614 arg1 reactor 616:622 stirred tank reactor 603:622 stirred tank reactor 603:622 Thus, we present a novel approach for biosurfactant production using the promising yeast Aureobasidium pullulans LB 83, in stirred tank reactor. 28675840 2 27 theme favorable 405:413 arg1 microorganisms 415:428 favorable microorganisms 405:428 favorable microorganisms 405:428 However, biotechnological process, aimed to develop new sustainable process configurations by using favorable microorganisms, already requires investigations in more details. 28675840 0 28 theme Aureobasidium 28:40 arg1 pullulans 42:50 Aureobasidium pullulans 28:50 Aureobasidium pullulans 28:50 Biosurfactant production by Aureobasidium pullulans in stirred tank bioreactor: New approach to understand the influence of important variables in the process. 28675840 0 29 theme important 124:132 arg1 variables 134:142 important variables 124:142 important variables in the process 124:157 Biosurfactant production by Aureobasidium pullulans in stirred tank bioreactor: New approach to understand the influence of important variables in the process. 28675840 1 30 theme large 203:207 arg1 applications 220:231 large industrial applications 203:231 large industrial applications produced currently by chemical routes mainly derived from oil industry 203:302 Surfactants are amphiphilic molecules with large industrial applications produced currently by chemical routes mainly derived from oil industry. 28675840 6 31 theme 0.0838cm.h-1 992:1003 arg1 spread 960:965 the oil spread test and productivity 952:987 the oil spread test and productivity of 0.0838cm.h-1 952:1003 Statistical analysis showed that the use of variables at high levels enhanced tensoactivity, showing 8.05cm in the oil spread test and productivity of 0.0838cm.h-1. 28675840 6 32 dep spread 960:965 arg1 productivity 976:987 productivity 976:987 productivity 976:987 Statistical analysis showed that the use of variables at high levels enhanced tensoactivity, showing 8.05cm in the oil spread test and productivity of 0.0838cm.h-1. 28675840 6 32 dep spread 960:965 arg1 test 967:970 test 967:970 test 967:970 Statistical analysis showed that the use of variables at high levels enhanced tensoactivity, showing 8.05cm in the oil spread test and productivity of 0.0838cm.h-1. 28675840 2 33 theme biotechnological 314:329 arg1 process 331:337 biotechnological process 314:337 biotechnological process 314:337 However, biotechnological process, aimed to develop new sustainable process configurations by using favorable microorganisms, already requires investigations in more details. 28675840 1 34 theme industrial 209:218 arg1 applications 220:231 large industrial applications 203:231 large industrial applications produced currently by chemical routes mainly derived from oil industry 203:302 Surfactants are amphiphilic molecules with large industrial applications produced currently by chemical routes mainly derived from oil industry. 28675840 5 35 theme maximum 801:807 arg1 tensoactivity 809:821 the biosurfactant maximum tensoactivity 783:821 the biosurfactant maximum tensoactivity 783:821 L-1) in the biosurfactant maximum tensoactivity and productivity. 28675840 6 36 theme high 898:901 arg1 levels 903:908 high levels 898:908 high levels 898:908 Statistical analysis showed that the use of variables at high levels enhanced tensoactivity, showing 8.05cm in the oil spread test and productivity of 0.0838cm.h-1. 28675840 4 37 theme rate 721:724 arg1 effect 698:703 the effect 694:703 the effect of the aeration rate (0.1-1.1min-1) and sucrose concentration (20-80g 694:773 A central composite face-centered design was carried out to evaluate the effect of the aeration rate (0.1-1.1min-1) and sucrose concentration (20-80g. 28675840 0 38 theme variables 134:142 arg1 influence 111:119 the influence 107:119 the influence of important variables in the process 107:157 Biosurfactant production by Aureobasidium pullulans in stirred tank bioreactor: New approach to understand the influence of important variables in the process. 28675840 6 39 from levels 903:908 arg1 use 878:880 the use 874:880 the use of variables at high levels 874:908 Statistical analysis showed that the use of variables at high levels enhanced tensoactivity, showing 8.05cm in the oil spread test and productivity of 0.0838cm.h-1. 28675840 6 39 from levels 903:908 arg1 variables 885:893 variables 885:893 variables at high levels 885:908 Statistical analysis showed that the use of variables at high levels enhanced tensoactivity, showing 8.05cm in the oil spread test and productivity of 0.0838cm.h-1. 28675840 0 40 theme tank 63:66 arg1 bioreactor 68:77 stirred tank bioreactor 55:77 stirred tank bioreactor 55:77 Biosurfactant production by Aureobasidium pullulans in stirred tank bioreactor: New approach to understand the influence of important variables in the process. 28675840 1 41 with molecules 188:196 arg1 applications 220:231 large industrial applications 203:231 large industrial applications produced currently by chemical routes mainly derived from oil industry 203:302 Surfactants are amphiphilic molecules with large industrial applications produced currently by chemical routes mainly derived from oil industry. 28675840 6 42 theme variables 885:893 arg1 use 878:880 the use 874:880 the use of variables at high levels 874:908 Statistical analysis showed that the use of variables at high levels enhanced tensoactivity, showing 8.05cm in the oil spread test and productivity of 0.0838cm.h-1. 28675840 7 43 theme sucrose 1061:1067 arg1 relevance 1083:1091 sucrose concentration relevance 1061:1091 sucrose concentration relevance 1061:1091 Also, unprecedented investigation of aeration rate and sucrose concentration relevance in biosurfactant production by A. pullulans in stirred tank reactor was detailed, demonstrating the importance to establish adequate conditions in bioreactors, aimed to scale-up process. 28675840 2 44 theme sustainable 361:371 arg1 configurations 381:394 new sustainable process configurations 357:394 new sustainable process configurations 357:394 However, biotechnological process, aimed to develop new sustainable process configurations by using favorable microorganisms, already requires investigations in more details. 28675840 0 45 theme stirred 55:61 arg1 bioreactor 68:77 stirred tank bioreactor 55:77 stirred tank bioreactor 55:77 Biosurfactant production by Aureobasidium pullulans in stirred tank bioreactor: New approach to understand the influence of important variables in the process. 28675840 5 46 dep L-1 775:777 arg1 productivity 827:838 productivity 827:838 productivity 827:838 L-1) in the biosurfactant maximum tensoactivity and productivity. 28675840 5 46 dep L-1 775:777 arg1 tensoactivity 809:821 the biosurfactant maximum tensoactivity 783:821 the biosurfactant maximum tensoactivity 783:821 L-1) in the biosurfactant maximum tensoactivity and productivity. 28675840 0 47 from influence 111:119 arg1 process 151:157 the process 147:157 the process 147:157 Biosurfactant production by Aureobasidium pullulans in stirred tank bioreactor: New approach to understand the influence of important variables in the process. 28675840 7 48 theme aeration 1043:1050 arg1 rate 1052:1055 aeration rate 1043:1055 aeration rate 1043:1055 Also, unprecedented investigation of aeration rate and sucrose concentration relevance in biosurfactant production by A. pullulans in stirred tank reactor was detailed, demonstrating the importance to establish adequate conditions in bioreactors, aimed to scale-up process. 28675840 2 49 theme new 357:359 arg1 configurations 381:394 new sustainable process configurations 357:394 new sustainable process configurations 357:394 However, biotechnological process, aimed to develop new sustainable process configurations by using favorable microorganisms, already requires investigations in more details. 28675840 6 50 from 8.05cm 942:947 arg1 spread 960:965 the oil spread test and productivity 952:987 the oil spread test and productivity of 0.0838cm.h-1 952:1003 Statistical analysis showed that the use of variables at high levels enhanced tensoactivity, showing 8.05cm in the oil spread test and productivity of 0.0838cm.h-1. 28675840 7 51 theme concentration 1069:1081 arg1 relevance 1083:1091 sucrose concentration relevance 1061:1091 sucrose concentration relevance 1061:1091 Also, unprecedented investigation of aeration rate and sucrose concentration relevance in biosurfactant production by A. pullulans in stirred tank reactor was detailed, demonstrating the importance to establish adequate conditions in bioreactors, aimed to scale-up process. 28675840 1 52 attach derived 278:284 arg1 industry 295:302 oil industry 291:302 oil industry 291:302 Surfactants are amphiphilic molecules with large industrial applications produced currently by chemical routes mainly derived from oil industry. 28675840 1 52 attach derived 278:284 arg2 routes 264:269 chemical routes 255:269 chemical routes mainly derived from oil industry 255:302 Surfactants are amphiphilic molecules with large industrial applications produced currently by chemical routes mainly derived from oil industry. 28675840 4 53 dep concentration 753:765 arg1 20-80g 768:773 20-80g 768:773 20-80g 768:773 A central composite face-centered design was carried out to evaluate the effect of the aeration rate (0.1-1.1min-1) and sucrose concentration (20-80g. 28675840 4 54 theme concentration 753:765 arg1 effect 698:703 the effect 694:703 the effect of the aeration rate (0.1-1.1min-1) and sucrose concentration (20-80g 694:773 A central composite face-centered design was carried out to evaluate the effect of the aeration rate (0.1-1.1min-1) and sucrose concentration (20-80g. 28675840 4 55 theme face-centered 645:657 arg1 design 659:664 A central composite face-centered design 625:664 A central composite face-centered design 625:664 A central composite face-centered design was carried out to evaluate the effect of the aeration rate (0.1-1.1min-1) and sucrose concentration (20-80g. 28675840 7 56 theme rate 1052:1055 arg1 investigation 1026:1038 unprecedented investigation 1012:1038 unprecedented investigation of aeration rate and sucrose concentration relevance in biosurfactant production by A. pullulans in stirred tank reactor 1012:1159 Also, unprecedented investigation of aeration rate and sucrose concentration relevance in biosurfactant production by A. pullulans in stirred tank reactor was detailed, demonstrating the importance to establish adequate conditions in bioreactors, aimed to scale-up process. 28675840 2 57 from investigations 448:461 arg1 details 471:477 more details 466:477 more details 466:477 However, biotechnological process, aimed to develop new sustainable process configurations by using favorable microorganisms, already requires investigations in more details. 28675840 4 58 theme aeration 712:719 arg1 0.1-1.1min-1 727:738 0.1-1.1min-1 727:738 0.1-1.1min-1 727:738 A central composite face-centered design was carried out to evaluate the effect of the aeration rate (0.1-1.1min-1) and sucrose concentration (20-80g. 28675840 4 58 theme aeration 712:719 arg1 rate 721:724 the aeration rate 708:724 the aeration rate (0.1-1.1min-1) 708:739 A central composite face-centered design was carried out to evaluate the effect of the aeration rate (0.1-1.1min-1) and sucrose concentration (20-80g. 28675840 0 59 from variables 134:142 arg1 process 151:157 the process 147:157 the process 147:157 Biosurfactant production by Aureobasidium pullulans in stirred tank bioreactor: New approach to understand the influence of important variables in the process. 28675840 0 60 dep production 14:23 arg1 approach 84:91 New approach 80:91 Biosurfactant production by Aureobasidium pullulans in stirred tank bioreactor: New approach to understand the influence of important variables in the process. 0:158 Biosurfactant production by Aureobasidium pullulans in stirred tank bioreactor: New approach to understand the influence of important variables in the process. 28675840 2 61 theme more 466:469 arg1 details 471:477 more details 466:477 more details 466:477 However, biotechnological process, aimed to develop new sustainable process configurations by using favorable microorganisms, already requires investigations in more details. 28675840 3 62 theme promising 553:561 arg1 LB 593:594 the promising yeast Aureobasidium pullulans LB 83 549:597 the promising yeast Aureobasidium pullulans LB 83 549:597 Thus, we present a novel approach for biosurfactant production using the promising yeast Aureobasidium pullulans LB 83, in stirred tank reactor. 28675840 1 63 theme chemical 255:262 arg1 routes 264:269 chemical routes 255:269 chemical routes mainly derived from oil industry 255:302 Surfactants are amphiphilic molecules with large industrial applications produced currently by chemical routes mainly derived from oil industry. 28675840 4 64 theme central 627:633 arg1 design 659:664 A central composite face-centered design 625:664 A central composite face-centered design 625:664 A central composite face-centered design was carried out to evaluate the effect of the aeration rate (0.1-1.1min-1) and sucrose concentration (20-80g. 28675840 6 65 theme oil 956:958 arg1 spread 960:965 the oil spread test and productivity 952:987 the oil spread test and productivity of 0.0838cm.h-1 952:1003 Statistical analysis showed that the use of variables at high levels enhanced tensoactivity, showing 8.05cm in the oil spread test and productivity of 0.0838cm.h-1. 28675840 4 66 theme composite 635:643 arg1 design 659:664 A central composite face-centered design 625:664 A central composite face-centered design 625:664 A central composite face-centered design was carried out to evaluate the effect of the aeration rate (0.1-1.1min-1) and sucrose concentration (20-80g. 28675840 3 67 theme yeast 563:567 arg1 LB 593:594 the promising yeast Aureobasidium pullulans LB 83 549:597 the promising yeast Aureobasidium pullulans LB 83 549:597 Thus, we present a novel approach for biosurfactant production using the promising yeast Aureobasidium pullulans LB 83, in stirred tank reactor. 28675840 7 68 theme scale-up 1262:1269 arg1 process 1271:1277 scale-up process 1262:1277 scale-up process 1262:1277 Also, unprecedented investigation of aeration rate and sucrose concentration relevance in biosurfactant production by A. pullulans in stirred tank reactor was detailed, demonstrating the importance to establish adequate conditions in bioreactors, aimed to scale-up process. 27984140 0 0 theme copper 83:88 arg1 nanoparticles 90:102 in situ generated copper nanoparticles 65:102 in situ generated copper nanoparticles using Terminalia catappa leaf extract 65:140 Preparation and properties of cellulose nanocomposite films with in situ generated copper nanoparticles using Terminalia catappa leaf extract. 27984140 9 1 theme CuNPs 1238:1242 arg1 behaviour 1225:1233 the catalytic behaviour 1211:1233 the catalytic behaviour of CuNPs for early degradation of the composites 1211:1282 This was attributed to the catalytic behaviour of CuNPs for early degradation of the composites. 27984140 5 2 theme composite 604:612 arg1 films 614:618 The cellulose/CuNP composite films 585:618 The cellulose/CuNP composite films 585:618 The cellulose/CuNP composite films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic, X-Ray diffraction and thermogravimetric techniques. 27984140 9 3 theme composites 1273:1282 arg1 degradation 1254:1264 early degradation 1248:1264 early degradation of the composites 1248:1282 This was attributed to the catalytic behaviour of CuNPs for early degradation of the composites. 27984140 3 4 theme electron 475:482 arg1 microscope 484:493 scanning electron microscope 466:493 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 466:499 The CuNPs formed outside the matrix were observed with transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). 27984140 3 4 theme electron 475:482 arg1 SEM 496:498 SEM 496:498 SEM 496:498 The CuNPs formed outside the matrix were observed with transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). 27984140 0 5 theme generated 73:81 arg1 nanoparticles 90:102 in situ generated copper nanoparticles 65:102 in situ generated copper nanoparticles using Terminalia catappa leaf extract 65:140 Preparation and properties of cellulose nanocomposite films with in situ generated copper nanoparticles using Terminalia catappa leaf extract. 27984140 6 6 theme generated 897:905 arg1 CuNPs 907:911 in situ generated CuNPs 889:911 in situ generated CuNPs 889:911 The crystallinity of the cellulose/CuNP composite films was found to be lower than that of the matrix indicating rearrangement of cellulose molecules by in situ generated CuNPs. 27984140 10 7 theme polymer 1361:1367 arg1 films 1379:1383 polymer packaging films 1361:1383 polymer packaging films 1361:1383 The composite films possessed sufficient tensile strength which can replace polymer packaging films like polyethylene. 27984140 11 8 theme E.coli 1494:1499 arg1 bacteria 1501:1508 E.coli bacteria 1494:1508 E.coli bacteria 1494:1508 Further, the cellulose/CuNP composite films exhibited good antibacterial activity against E.coli bacteria. 27984140 1 9 theme Terminalia 246:255 arg1 extract 270:276 Terminalia catappa leaf extract 246:276 Terminalia catappa leaf extract 246:276 In the present work, copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were in situ generated inside cellulose matrix using Terminalia catappa leaf extract as a reducing agent. 27984140 1 9 theme Terminalia 246:255 arg1 agent 292:296 a reducing agent 281:296 a reducing agent 281:296 In the present work, copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were in situ generated inside cellulose matrix using Terminalia catappa leaf extract as a reducing agent. 27984140 5 10 dep transform 650:658 arg1 infrared 660:667 infrared 660:667 transform infrared spectroscopic, X-Ray diffraction and thermogravimetric techniques 650:733 The cellulose/CuNP composite films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic, X-Ray diffraction and thermogravimetric techniques. 27984140 7 11 theme expanded 927:934 arg1 diffractogram 936:948 the expanded diffractogram 923:948 the expanded diffractogram of the composite films 923:971 Further, the expanded diffractogram of the composite films indicated the presence of a mixture of Cu, CuO and Cu2O nanoparticles. 27984140 7 12 theme composite 957:965 arg1 films 967:971 the composite films 953:971 the composite films 953:971 Further, the expanded diffractogram of the composite films indicated the presence of a mixture of Cu, CuO and Cu2O nanoparticles. 27984140 1 13 theme catappa 257:263 arg1 extract 270:276 Terminalia catappa leaf extract 246:276 Terminalia catappa leaf extract 246:276 In the present work, copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were in situ generated inside cellulose matrix using Terminalia catappa leaf extract as a reducing agent. 27984140 1 13 theme catappa 257:263 arg1 agent 292:296 a reducing agent 281:296 a reducing agent 281:296 In the present work, copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were in situ generated inside cellulose matrix using Terminalia catappa leaf extract as a reducing agent. 27984140 5 14 theme thermogravimetric 706:722 arg1 techniques 724:733 thermogravimetric techniques 706:733 thermogravimetric techniques 706:733 The cellulose/CuNP composite films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic, X-Ray diffraction and thermogravimetric techniques. 27984140 1 15 theme leaf 265:268 arg1 extract 270:276 Terminalia catappa leaf extract 246:276 Terminalia catappa leaf extract 246:276 In the present work, copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were in situ generated inside cellulose matrix using Terminalia catappa leaf extract as a reducing agent. 27984140 1 15 theme leaf 265:268 arg1 agent 292:296 a reducing agent 281:296 a reducing agent 281:296 In the present work, copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were in situ generated inside cellulose matrix using Terminalia catappa leaf extract as a reducing agent. 27984140 0 16 theme catappa 121:127 arg1 extract 134:140 Terminalia catappa leaf extract 110:140 Terminalia catappa leaf extract 110:140 Preparation and properties of cellulose nanocomposite films with in situ generated copper nanoparticles using Terminalia catappa leaf extract. 27984140 5 17 dep Fourier 642:648 arg1 transform 650:658 transform 650:658 transform infrared spectroscopic, X-Ray diffraction and thermogravimetric techniques 650:733 The cellulose/CuNP composite films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic, X-Ray diffraction and thermogravimetric techniques. 27984140 1 18 theme copper 164:169 arg1 CuNPs 186:190 CuNPs 186:190 CuNPs 186:190 In the present work, copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were in situ generated inside cellulose matrix using Terminalia catappa leaf extract as a reducing agent. 27984140 1 18 theme copper 164:169 arg1 nanoparticles 171:183 copper nanoparticles 164:183 copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) 164:191 In the present work, copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were in situ generated inside cellulose matrix using Terminalia catappa leaf extract as a reducing agent. 27984140 0 19 theme Terminalia 110:119 arg1 extract 134:140 Terminalia catappa leaf extract 110:140 Terminalia catappa leaf extract 110:140 Preparation and properties of cellulose nanocomposite films with in situ generated copper nanoparticles using Terminalia catappa leaf extract. 27984140 6 20 theme molecules 876:884 arg1 rearrangement 849:861 rearrangement 849:861 rearrangement of cellulose molecules 849:884 The crystallinity of the cellulose/CuNP composite films was found to be lower than that of the matrix indicating rearrangement of cellulose molecules by in situ generated CuNPs. 27984140 8 21 theme upto 1134:1137 arg1 350°C 1139:1143 the composites upto 350°C 1119:1143 the composites upto 350°C beyond which a reverse trend was observed 1119:1185 The thermal stability of the composites was found to be lower than that of the composites upto 350°C beyond which a reverse trend was observed. 27984140 6 22 theme cellulose 866:874 arg1 molecules 876:884 cellulose molecules 866:884 cellulose molecules 866:884 The crystallinity of the cellulose/CuNP composite films was found to be lower than that of the matrix indicating rearrangement of cellulose molecules by in situ generated CuNPs. 27984140 6 23 theme films 786:790 arg1 crystallinity 740:752 The crystallinity 736:752 The crystallinity of the cellulose/CuNP composite films 736:790 The crystallinity of the cellulose/CuNP composite films was found to be lower than that of the matrix indicating rearrangement of cellulose molecules by in situ generated CuNPs. 27984140 6 23 theme films 786:790 arg1 lower 808:812 lower 808:812 lower 808:812 The crystallinity of the cellulose/CuNP composite films was found to be lower than that of the matrix indicating rearrangement of cellulose molecules by in situ generated CuNPs. 27984140 7 24 theme Cu2O 1024:1027 arg1 nanoparticles 1029:1041 Cu, CuO and Cu2O nanoparticles 1012:1041 Cu, CuO and Cu2O nanoparticles 1012:1041 Further, the expanded diffractogram of the composite films indicated the presence of a mixture of Cu, CuO and Cu2O nanoparticles. 27984140 4 25 theme CuNPs 518:522 arg1 Majority 502:509 Majority 502:509 Majority of the CuNPs formed outside the matrix 502:548 Majority of the CuNPs formed outside the matrix were in the size range of 21-30nm. 27984140 5 26 theme cellulose/CuNP 589:602 arg1 films 614:618 The cellulose/CuNP composite films 585:618 The cellulose/CuNP composite films 585:618 The cellulose/CuNP composite films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic, X-Ray diffraction and thermogravimetric techniques. 27984140 6 27 theme composite 776:784 arg1 films 786:790 the cellulose/CuNP composite films 757:790 the cellulose/CuNP composite films 757:790 The crystallinity of the cellulose/CuNP composite films was found to be lower than that of the matrix indicating rearrangement of cellulose molecules by in situ generated CuNPs. 27984140 8 28 theme composites 1123:1132 arg1 350°C 1139:1143 the composites upto 350°C 1119:1143 the composites upto 350°C beyond which a reverse trend was observed 1119:1185 The thermal stability of the composites was found to be lower than that of the composites upto 350°C beyond which a reverse trend was observed. 27984140 6 29 theme cellulose/CuNP 761:774 arg1 films 786:790 the cellulose/CuNP composite films 757:790 the cellulose/CuNP composite films 757:790 The crystallinity of the cellulose/CuNP composite films was found to be lower than that of the matrix indicating rearrangement of cellulose molecules by in situ generated CuNPs. 27984140 10 30 theme tensile 1326:1332 arg1 strength 1334:1341 sufficient tensile strength 1315:1341 sufficient tensile strength which can replace polymer packaging films like polyethylene 1315:1401 The composite films possessed sufficient tensile strength which can replace polymer packaging films like polyethylene. 27984140 0 31 theme leaf 129:132 arg1 extract 134:140 Terminalia catappa leaf extract 110:140 Terminalia catappa leaf extract 110:140 Preparation and properties of cellulose nanocomposite films with in situ generated copper nanoparticles using Terminalia catappa leaf extract. 27984140 11 32 theme cellulose/CuNP 1417:1430 arg1 films 1442:1446 the cellulose/CuNP composite films 1413:1446 the cellulose/CuNP composite films 1413:1446 Further, the cellulose/CuNP composite films exhibited good antibacterial activity against E.coli bacteria. 27984140 4 33 theme 21-30nm 576:582 arg1 range 567:571 the size range 558:571 the size range of 21-30nm 558:582 Majority of the CuNPs formed outside the matrix were in the size range of 21-30nm. 27984140 1 34 theme reducing 283:290 arg1 extract 270:276 Terminalia catappa leaf extract 246:276 Terminalia catappa leaf extract 246:276 In the present work, copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were in situ generated inside cellulose matrix using Terminalia catappa leaf extract as a reducing agent. 27984140 1 34 theme reducing 283:290 arg1 agent 292:296 a reducing agent 281:296 a reducing agent 281:296 In the present work, copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were in situ generated inside cellulose matrix using Terminalia catappa leaf extract as a reducing agent. 27984140 5 35 theme X-Ray 684:688 arg1 diffraction 690:700 X-Ray diffraction 684:700 X-Ray diffraction 684:700 The cellulose/CuNP composite films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic, X-Ray diffraction and thermogravimetric techniques. 27984140 8 36 theme thermal 1048:1054 arg1 stability 1056:1064 The thermal stability 1044:1064 The thermal stability of the composites 1044:1082 The thermal stability of the composites was found to be lower than that of the composites upto 350°C beyond which a reverse trend was observed. 27984140 8 36 theme thermal 1048:1054 arg1 lower 1100:1104 lower 1100:1104 lower 1100:1104 The thermal stability of the composites was found to be lower than that of the composites upto 350°C beyond which a reverse trend was observed. 27984140 11 37 theme composite 1432:1440 arg1 films 1442:1446 the cellulose/CuNP composite films 1413:1446 the cellulose/CuNP composite films 1413:1446 Further, the cellulose/CuNP composite films exhibited good antibacterial activity against E.coli bacteria. 27984140 3 38 theme transmission 423:434 arg1 TEM 457:459 TEM 457:459 TEM 457:459 The CuNPs formed outside the matrix were observed with transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). 27984140 3 38 theme transmission 423:434 arg1 microscope 445:454 transmission electron microscope 423:454 transmission electron microscope (TEM) 423:460 The CuNPs formed outside the matrix were observed with transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). 27984140 0 39 theme cellulose 30:38 arg1 properties 16:25 properties 16:25 properties 16:25 Preparation and properties of cellulose nanocomposite films with in situ generated copper nanoparticles using Terminalia catappa leaf extract. 27984140 0 39 theme cellulose 30:38 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and properties of cellulose nanocomposite films with in situ generated copper nanoparticles using Terminalia catappa leaf extract. 27984140 10 40 contain possessed 1305:1313 arg2 strength 1334:1341 sufficient tensile strength 1315:1341 sufficient tensile strength which can replace polymer packaging films like polyethylene 1315:1401 The composite films possessed sufficient tensile strength which can replace polymer packaging films like polyethylene. 27984140 10 40 contain possessed 1305:1313 arg1 films 1299:1303 The composite films 1285:1303 The composite films 1285:1303 The composite films possessed sufficient tensile strength which can replace polymer packaging films like polyethylene. 27984140 7 41 theme nanoparticles 1029:1041 arg1 mixture 1001:1007 a mixture 999:1007 a mixture of Cu, CuO and Cu2O nanoparticles 999:1041 Further, the expanded diffractogram of the composite films indicated the presence of a mixture of Cu, CuO and Cu2O nanoparticles. 27984140 7 42 theme mixture 1001:1007 arg1 presence 987:994 the presence 983:994 the presence of a mixture of Cu, CuO and Cu2O nanoparticles 983:1041 Further, the expanded diffractogram of the composite films indicated the presence of a mixture of Cu, CuO and Cu2O nanoparticles. 27984140 3 43 theme electron 436:443 arg1 TEM 457:459 TEM 457:459 TEM 457:459 The CuNPs formed outside the matrix were observed with transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). 27984140 3 43 theme electron 436:443 arg1 microscope 445:454 transmission electron microscope 423:454 transmission electron microscope (TEM) 423:460 The CuNPs formed outside the matrix were observed with transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). 27984140 7 44 theme CuO 1016:1018 arg1 nanoparticles 1029:1041 Cu, CuO and Cu2O nanoparticles 1012:1041 Cu, CuO and Cu2O nanoparticles 1012:1041 Further, the expanded diffractogram of the composite films indicated the presence of a mixture of Cu, CuO and Cu2O nanoparticles. 27984140 10 45 theme composite 1289:1297 arg1 films 1299:1303 The composite films 1285:1303 The composite films 1285:1303 The composite films possessed sufficient tensile strength which can replace polymer packaging films like polyethylene. 27984140 9 46 theme early 1248:1252 arg1 degradation 1254:1264 early degradation 1248:1264 early degradation of the composites 1248:1282 This was attributed to the catalytic behaviour of CuNPs for early degradation of the composites. 27984140 8 47 theme composites 1073:1082 arg1 stability 1056:1064 The thermal stability 1044:1064 The thermal stability of the composites 1044:1082 The thermal stability of the composites was found to be lower than that of the composites upto 350°C beyond which a reverse trend was observed. 27984140 8 47 theme composites 1073:1082 arg1 lower 1100:1104 lower 1100:1104 lower 1100:1104 The thermal stability of the composites was found to be lower than that of the composites upto 350°C beyond which a reverse trend was observed. 27984140 3 48 theme scanning 466:473 arg1 microscope 484:493 scanning electron microscope 466:493 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 466:499 The CuNPs formed outside the matrix were observed with transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). 27984140 3 48 theme scanning 466:473 arg1 SEM 496:498 SEM 496:498 SEM 496:498 The CuNPs formed outside the matrix were observed with transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). 27984140 10 49 theme packaging 1369:1377 arg1 films 1379:1383 polymer packaging films 1361:1383 polymer packaging films 1361:1383 The composite films possessed sufficient tensile strength which can replace polymer packaging films like polyethylene. 27984140 7 50 theme Cu 1012:1013 arg1 nanoparticles 1029:1041 Cu, CuO and Cu2O nanoparticles 1012:1041 Cu, CuO and Cu2O nanoparticles 1012:1041 Further, the expanded diffractogram of the composite films indicated the presence of a mixture of Cu, CuO and Cu2O nanoparticles. 27984140 10 51 theme sufficient 1315:1324 arg1 strength 1334:1341 sufficient tensile strength 1315:1341 sufficient tensile strength which can replace polymer packaging films like polyethylene 1315:1401 The composite films possessed sufficient tensile strength which can replace polymer packaging films like polyethylene. 27984140 4 52 theme size 562:565 arg1 range 567:571 the size range 558:571 the size range of 21-30nm 558:582 Majority of the CuNPs formed outside the matrix were in the size range of 21-30nm. 27984140 9 53 theme catalytic 1215:1223 arg1 behaviour 1225:1233 the catalytic behaviour 1211:1233 the catalytic behaviour of CuNPs for early degradation of the composites 1211:1282 This was attributed to the catalytic behaviour of CuNPs for early degradation of the composites. 27984140 11 54 theme good 1458:1461 arg1 activity 1477:1484 good antibacterial activity 1458:1484 good antibacterial activity against E.coli bacteria 1458:1508 Further, the cellulose/CuNP composite films exhibited good antibacterial activity against E.coli bacteria. 27984140 8 55 theme reverse 1160:1166 arg1 trend 1168:1172 a reverse trend 1158:1172 a reverse trend 1158:1172 The thermal stability of the composites was found to be lower than that of the composites upto 350°C beyond which a reverse trend was observed. 27984140 0 56 with films 54:58 arg1 nanoparticles 90:102 in situ generated copper nanoparticles 65:102 in situ generated copper nanoparticles using Terminalia catappa leaf extract 65:140 Preparation and properties of cellulose nanocomposite films with in situ generated copper nanoparticles using Terminalia catappa leaf extract. 27984140 11 57 theme antibacterial 1463:1475 arg1 activity 1477:1484 good antibacterial activity 1458:1484 good antibacterial activity against E.coli bacteria 1458:1508 Further, the cellulose/CuNP composite films exhibited good antibacterial activity against E.coli bacteria. 27984140 1 58 theme cellulose 223:231 arg1 matrix 233:238 cellulose matrix 223:238 cellulose matrix 223:238 In the present work, copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were in situ generated inside cellulose matrix using Terminalia catappa leaf extract as a reducing agent. 27984140 7 59 theme films 967:971 arg1 diffractogram 936:948 the expanded diffractogram 923:948 the expanded diffractogram of the composite films 923:971 Further, the expanded diffractogram of the composite films indicated the presence of a mixture of Cu, CuO and Cu2O nanoparticles. 27984140 1 60 theme present 150:156 arg1 work 158:161 the present work 146:161 the present work 146:161 In the present work, copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were in situ generated inside cellulose matrix using Terminalia catappa leaf extract as a reducing agent. 28710833 1 0 theme cellobiose 317:326 arg1 concentrations 299:312 different concentrations 289:312 different concentrations of cellobiose 289:326 In this in vitro study, the modified Hohenheim gas test (HGT) was applied to determine fermentation activity and bacterial composition of pig's faecal microbial inoculum using different concentrations of cellobiose. 28710833 7 1 theme normal 1115:1120 arg1 conditions 1131:1140 normal buffered conditions 1115:1140 normal buffered conditions 1115:1140 Under normal buffered conditions, Roseburia spp. 28710833 6 2 theme ammonia 998:1004 arg1 concentrations 1039:1052 ammonia, acetic acid and isobutyric acid concentrations 998:1052 ammonia, acetic acid and isobutyric acid concentrations 998:1052 Under osmotic stress, increasing cellobiose concentrations linearly increased gas production (p < .001), while ammonia, acetic acid and isobutyric acid concentrations decreased (p < .001, p = .012, p = .035 respectively). 28710833 0 3 theme bacterial 75:83 arg1 numbers 85:91 bacterial numbers 75:91 bacterial numbers of porcine inocula 75:110 Effect of cellobiose supplementation on in vitro fermentation activity and bacterial numbers of porcine inocula. 28710833 3 4 theme Clostridium 641:651 arg1 spp. 597:600 Lactobacillus spp. 583:600 Lactobacillus spp. 583:600 After 24 hr of fermentation, production of gas, ammonia and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) was measured, and the gene copy numbers of total bacteria, Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Roseburia spp., Clostridium Cluster IV spp. 28710833 3 4 theme Clostridium 641:651 arg1 spp 664:666 Clostridium Cluster IV spp 641:666 Clostridium Cluster IV spp 641:666 After 24 hr of fermentation, production of gas, ammonia and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) was measured, and the gene copy numbers of total bacteria, Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Roseburia spp., Clostridium Cluster IV spp. 28710833 7 5 theme buffered 1122:1129 arg1 conditions 1131:1140 normal buffered conditions 1115:1140 normal buffered conditions 1115:1140 Under normal buffered conditions, Roseburia spp. 28710833 1 6 theme modified 141:148 arg1 test 164:167 the modified Hohenheim gas test 137:167 the modified Hohenheim gas test (HGT) 137:173 In this in vitro study, the modified Hohenheim gas test (HGT) was applied to determine fermentation activity and bacterial composition of pig's faecal microbial inoculum using different concentrations of cellobiose. 28710833 1 6 theme modified 141:148 arg1 HGT 170:172 HGT 170:172 HGT 170:172 In this in vitro study, the modified Hohenheim gas test (HGT) was applied to determine fermentation activity and bacterial composition of pig's faecal microbial inoculum using different concentrations of cellobiose. 28710833 1 7 theme bacterial 226:234 arg1 composition 236:246 bacterial composition 226:246 bacterial composition 226:246 In this in vitro study, the modified Hohenheim gas test (HGT) was applied to determine fermentation activity and bacterial composition of pig's faecal microbial inoculum using different concentrations of cellobiose. 28710833 0 8 theme porcine 96:102 arg1 inocula 104:110 porcine inocula 96:110 porcine inocula 96:110 Effect of cellobiose supplementation on in vitro fermentation activity and bacterial numbers of porcine inocula. 28710833 0 9 from Effect 0:5 arg1 activity 62:69 in vitro fermentation activity 40:69 in vitro fermentation activity 40:69 Effect of cellobiose supplementation on in vitro fermentation activity and bacterial numbers of porcine inocula. 28710833 0 9 from Effect 0:5 arg1 numbers 85:91 bacterial numbers 75:91 bacterial numbers of porcine inocula 75:110 Effect of cellobiose supplementation on in vitro fermentation activity and bacterial numbers of porcine inocula. 28710833 3 10 theme gene 546:549 arg1 numbers 556:562 the gene copy numbers 542:562 the gene copy numbers of total bacteria 542:580 After 24 hr of fermentation, production of gas, ammonia and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) was measured, and the gene copy numbers of total bacteria, Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Roseburia spp., Clostridium Cluster IV spp. 28710833 1 11 dep in 121:122 arg1 vitro 124:128 vitro 124:128 vitro 124:128 In this in vitro study, the modified Hohenheim gas test (HGT) was applied to determine fermentation activity and bacterial composition of pig's faecal microbial inoculum using different concentrations of cellobiose. 28710833 4 12 theme real-time 712:720 arg1 reaction 739:746 real-time polymerase chain reaction 712:746 real-time polymerase chain reaction 712:746 and Enterobacteriaceae were analysed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. 28710833 12 13 theme gut 1449:1451 arg1 health 1453:1458 gut health 1449:1458 gut health especially under osmotic stress conditions 1449:1501 Results might point towards a positive impact of cellobiose supplementation on gut health especially under osmotic stress conditions. 28710833 4 14 theme chain 733:737 arg1 reaction 739:746 real-time polymerase chain reaction 712:746 real-time polymerase chain reaction 712:746 and Enterobacteriaceae were analysed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. 28710833 12 15 from impact 1409:1414 arg1 health 1453:1458 gut health 1449:1458 gut health especially under osmotic stress conditions 1449:1501 Results might point towards a positive impact of cellobiose supplementation on gut health especially under osmotic stress conditions. 28710833 12 16 theme stress 1485:1490 arg1 conditions 1492:1501 osmotic stress conditions 1477:1501 osmotic stress conditions 1477:1501 Results might point towards a positive impact of cellobiose supplementation on gut health especially under osmotic stress conditions. 28710833 12 17 theme supplementation 1430:1444 arg1 impact 1409:1414 a positive impact 1398:1414 a positive impact of cellobiose supplementation on gut health especially under osmotic stress conditions 1398:1501 Results might point towards a positive impact of cellobiose supplementation on gut health especially under osmotic stress conditions. 28710833 3 18 dep numbers 556:562 arg1 spp. 597:600 Lactobacillus spp. 583:600 Lactobacillus spp. 583:600 After 24 hr of fermentation, production of gas, ammonia and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) was measured, and the gene copy numbers of total bacteria, Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Roseburia spp., Clostridium Cluster IV spp. 28710833 3 18 dep numbers 556:562 arg1 spp. 619:622 Bifidobacterium spp. 603:622 Bifidobacterium spp. 603:622 After 24 hr of fermentation, production of gas, ammonia and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) was measured, and the gene copy numbers of total bacteria, Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Roseburia spp., Clostridium Cluster IV spp. 28710833 3 18 dep numbers 556:562 arg1 spp. 635:638 Roseburia spp. 625:638 Roseburia spp. 625:638 After 24 hr of fermentation, production of gas, ammonia and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) was measured, and the gene copy numbers of total bacteria, Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Roseburia spp., Clostridium Cluster IV spp. 28710833 3 18 dep numbers 556:562 arg1 spp 664:666 Clostridium Cluster IV spp 641:666 Clostridium Cluster IV spp 641:666 After 24 hr of fermentation, production of gas, ammonia and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) was measured, and the gene copy numbers of total bacteria, Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Roseburia spp., Clostridium Cluster IV spp. 28710833 1 19 theme Hohenheim 150:158 arg1 test 164:167 the modified Hohenheim gas test 137:167 the modified Hohenheim gas test (HGT) 137:173 In this in vitro study, the modified Hohenheim gas test (HGT) was applied to determine fermentation activity and bacterial composition of pig's faecal microbial inoculum using different concentrations of cellobiose. 28710833 1 19 theme Hohenheim 150:158 arg1 HGT 170:172 HGT 170:172 HGT 170:172 In this in vitro study, the modified Hohenheim gas test (HGT) was applied to determine fermentation activity and bacterial composition of pig's faecal microbial inoculum using different concentrations of cellobiose. 28710833 0 20 theme inocula 104:110 arg1 activity 62:69 in vitro fermentation activity 40:69 in vitro fermentation activity 40:69 Effect of cellobiose supplementation on in vitro fermentation activity and bacterial numbers of porcine inocula. 28710833 0 20 theme inocula 104:110 arg1 numbers 85:91 bacterial numbers 75:91 bacterial numbers of porcine inocula 75:110 Effect of cellobiose supplementation on in vitro fermentation activity and bacterial numbers of porcine inocula. 28710833 11 21 theme normal 1351:1356 arg1 conditions 1358:1367 normal conditions 1351:1367 normal conditions 1351:1367 numbers were higher under osmotic stress (p < .001) compared to normal conditions. 28710833 1 22 theme gas 160:162 arg1 test 164:167 the modified Hohenheim gas test 137:167 the modified Hohenheim gas test (HGT) 137:173 In this in vitro study, the modified Hohenheim gas test (HGT) was applied to determine fermentation activity and bacterial composition of pig's faecal microbial inoculum using different concentrations of cellobiose. 28710833 1 22 theme gas 160:162 arg1 HGT 170:172 HGT 170:172 HGT 170:172 In this in vitro study, the modified Hohenheim gas test (HGT) was applied to determine fermentation activity and bacterial composition of pig's faecal microbial inoculum using different concentrations of cellobiose. 28710833 3 23 theme acid 512:515 arg1 production 463:472 production 463:472 production of gas, ammonia and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) 463:522 After 24 hr of fermentation, production of gas, ammonia and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) was measured, and the gene copy numbers of total bacteria, Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Roseburia spp., Clostridium Cluster IV spp. 28710833 11 24 theme osmotic 1313:1319 arg1 stress 1321:1326 osmotic stress 1313:1326 osmotic stress (p < .001) 1313:1337 numbers were higher under osmotic stress (p < .001) compared to normal conditions. 28710833 11 24 theme osmotic 1313:1319 arg1 p < .001 1329:1336 p < .001 1329:1336 p < .001 1329:1336 numbers were higher under osmotic stress (p < .001) compared to normal conditions. 28710833 3 25 theme fatty 506:510 arg1 SCFA 518:521 SCFA 518:521 SCFA 518:521 After 24 hr of fermentation, production of gas, ammonia and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) was measured, and the gene copy numbers of total bacteria, Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Roseburia spp., Clostridium Cluster IV spp. 28710833 3 25 theme fatty 506:510 arg1 acid 512:515 short-chain fatty acid 494:515 short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) 494:522 After 24 hr of fermentation, production of gas, ammonia and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) was measured, and the gene copy numbers of total bacteria, Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Roseburia spp., Clostridium Cluster IV spp. 28710833 2 26 theme osmotic 380:386 arg1 conditions 395:404 normal buffered and osmotic stress conditions 360:404 normal buffered and osmotic stress conditions (elevated medium salinity) 360:431 Incubation procedures included normal buffered and osmotic stress conditions (elevated medium salinity). 28710833 2 26 theme osmotic 380:386 arg1 salinity 423:430 elevated medium salinity 407:430 elevated medium salinity 407:430 Incubation procedures included normal buffered and osmotic stress conditions (elevated medium salinity). 28710833 5 27 theme gas 786:788 arg1 production 790:799 gas production 786:799 gas production 786:799 There was a significant reduction in gas production after 24 hr when comparing osmotic stress conditions with normal buffered conditions. 28710833 5 28 theme normal 859:864 arg1 conditions 875:884 normal buffered conditions 859:884 normal buffered conditions 859:884 There was a significant reduction in gas production after 24 hr when comparing osmotic stress conditions with normal buffered conditions. 28710833 0 29 theme supplementation 21:35 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of cellobiose supplementation on in vitro fermentation activity and bacterial numbers of porcine inocula. 0:111 Effect of cellobiose supplementation on in vitro fermentation activity and bacterial numbers of porcine inocula. 28710833 12 30 theme osmotic 1477:1483 arg1 conditions 1492:1501 osmotic stress conditions 1477:1501 osmotic stress conditions 1477:1501 Results might point towards a positive impact of cellobiose supplementation on gut health especially under osmotic stress conditions. 28710833 8 31 theme cellobiose 1205:1214 arg1 p = .048 1232:1239 p = .048 1232:1239 p = .048 1232:1239 gene copies linearly increased with increasing cellobiose concentrations (p = .048). 28710833 8 31 theme cellobiose 1205:1214 arg1 concentrations 1216:1229 cellobiose concentrations 1205:1229 cellobiose concentrations (p = .048) 1205:1240 gene copies linearly increased with increasing cellobiose concentrations (p = .048). 28710833 4 32 theme polymerase 722:731 arg1 reaction 739:746 real-time polymerase chain reaction 712:746 real-time polymerase chain reaction 712:746 and Enterobacteriaceae were analysed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. 28710833 6 33 theme osmotic 893:899 arg1 stress 901:906 osmotic stress 893:906 osmotic stress 893:906 Under osmotic stress, increasing cellobiose concentrations linearly increased gas production (p < .001), while ammonia, acetic acid and isobutyric acid concentrations decreased (p < .001, p = .012, p = .035 respectively). 28710833 0 34 theme cellobiose 10:19 arg1 supplementation 21:35 cellobiose supplementation 10:35 cellobiose supplementation 10:35 Effect of cellobiose supplementation on in vitro fermentation activity and bacterial numbers of porcine inocula. 28710833 1 35 theme faecal 257:262 arg1 inoculum 274:281 pig's faecal microbial inoculum 251:281 pig's faecal microbial inoculum 251:281 In this in vitro study, the modified Hohenheim gas test (HGT) was applied to determine fermentation activity and bacterial composition of pig's faecal microbial inoculum using different concentrations of cellobiose. 28710833 3 36 theme short-chain 494:504 arg1 SCFA 518:521 SCFA 518:521 SCFA 518:521 After 24 hr of fermentation, production of gas, ammonia and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) was measured, and the gene copy numbers of total bacteria, Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Roseburia spp., Clostridium Cluster IV spp. 28710833 3 36 theme short-chain 494:504 arg1 acid 512:515 short-chain fatty acid 494:515 short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) 494:522 After 24 hr of fermentation, production of gas, ammonia and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) was measured, and the gene copy numbers of total bacteria, Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Roseburia spp., Clostridium Cluster IV spp. 28710833 2 37 theme medium 416:421 arg1 conditions 395:404 normal buffered and osmotic stress conditions 360:404 normal buffered and osmotic stress conditions (elevated medium salinity) 360:431 Incubation procedures included normal buffered and osmotic stress conditions (elevated medium salinity). 28710833 2 37 theme medium 416:421 arg1 salinity 423:430 elevated medium salinity 407:430 elevated medium salinity 407:430 Incubation procedures included normal buffered and osmotic stress conditions (elevated medium salinity). 28710833 0 38 theme in 40:41 arg1 activity 62:69 in vitro fermentation activity 40:69 in vitro fermentation activity 40:69 Effect of cellobiose supplementation on in vitro fermentation activity and bacterial numbers of porcine inocula. 28710833 1 39 theme microbial 264:272 arg1 inoculum 274:281 pig's faecal microbial inoculum 251:281 pig's faecal microbial inoculum 251:281 In this in vitro study, the modified Hohenheim gas test (HGT) was applied to determine fermentation activity and bacterial composition of pig's faecal microbial inoculum using different concentrations of cellobiose. 28710833 6 40 theme acid 1034:1037 arg1 concentrations 1039:1052 ammonia, acetic acid and isobutyric acid concentrations 998:1052 ammonia, acetic acid and isobutyric acid concentrations 998:1052 Under osmotic stress, increasing cellobiose concentrations linearly increased gas production (p < .001), while ammonia, acetic acid and isobutyric acid concentrations decreased (p < .001, p = .012, p = .035 respectively). 28710833 6 41 theme gas 965:967 arg1 production 969:978 gas production 965:978 gas production (p < .001) 965:989 Under osmotic stress, increasing cellobiose concentrations linearly increased gas production (p < .001), while ammonia, acetic acid and isobutyric acid concentrations decreased (p < .001, p = .012, p = .035 respectively). 28710833 6 41 theme gas 965:967 arg1 p < .001 981:988 p < .001 981:988 p < .001 981:988 Under osmotic stress, increasing cellobiose concentrations linearly increased gas production (p < .001), while ammonia, acetic acid and isobutyric acid concentrations decreased (p < .001, p = .012, p = .035 respectively). 28710833 2 42 theme elevated 407:414 arg1 conditions 395:404 normal buffered and osmotic stress conditions 360:404 normal buffered and osmotic stress conditions (elevated medium salinity) 360:431 Incubation procedures included normal buffered and osmotic stress conditions (elevated medium salinity). 28710833 2 42 theme elevated 407:414 arg1 salinity 423:430 elevated medium salinity 407:430 elevated medium salinity 407:430 Incubation procedures included normal buffered and osmotic stress conditions (elevated medium salinity). 28710833 5 43 theme stress 836:841 arg1 conditions 843:852 osmotic stress conditions 828:852 osmotic stress conditions 828:852 There was a significant reduction in gas production after 24 hr when comparing osmotic stress conditions with normal buffered conditions. 28710833 1 44 theme inoculum 274:281 arg1 activity 213:220 fermentation activity 200:220 fermentation activity 200:220 In this in vitro study, the modified Hohenheim gas test (HGT) was applied to determine fermentation activity and bacterial composition of pig's faecal microbial inoculum using different concentrations of cellobiose. 28710833 1 44 theme inoculum 274:281 arg1 composition 236:246 bacterial composition 226:246 bacterial composition 226:246 In this in vitro study, the modified Hohenheim gas test (HGT) was applied to determine fermentation activity and bacterial composition of pig's faecal microbial inoculum using different concentrations of cellobiose. 28710833 6 45 dep increased 955:963 arg1 p < .001 1065:1072 p < .001 1065:1072 p < .001 1065:1072 Under osmotic stress, increasing cellobiose concentrations linearly increased gas production (p < .001), while ammonia, acetic acid and isobutyric acid concentrations decreased (p < .001, p = .012, p = .035 respectively). 28710833 6 45 dep increased 955:963 arg1 p = .035 1085:1092 p = .035 1085:1092 p = .035 1085:1092 Under osmotic stress, increasing cellobiose concentrations linearly increased gas production (p < .001), while ammonia, acetic acid and isobutyric acid concentrations decreased (p < .001, p = .012, p = .035 respectively). 28710833 6 46 theme acetic 1007:1012 arg1 acid 1014:1017 acetic acid 1007:1017 acetic acid 1007:1017 Under osmotic stress, increasing cellobiose concentrations linearly increased gas production (p < .001), while ammonia, acetic acid and isobutyric acid concentrations decreased (p < .001, p = .012, p = .035 respectively). 28710833 3 47 theme fermentation 449:460 arg1 24 hr 440:444 24 hr 440:444 24 hr of fermentation 440:460 After 24 hr of fermentation, production of gas, ammonia and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) was measured, and the gene copy numbers of total bacteria, Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Roseburia spp., Clostridium Cluster IV spp. 28710833 0 48 theme fermentation 49:60 arg1 activity 62:69 in vitro fermentation activity 40:69 in vitro fermentation activity 40:69 Effect of cellobiose supplementation on in vitro fermentation activity and bacterial numbers of porcine inocula. 28710833 5 49 theme buffered 866:873 arg1 conditions 875:884 normal buffered conditions 859:884 normal buffered conditions 859:884 There was a significant reduction in gas production after 24 hr when comparing osmotic stress conditions with normal buffered conditions. 28710833 6 50 theme isobutyric 1023:1032 arg1 acid 1034:1037 isobutyric acid 1023:1037 isobutyric acid 1023:1037 Under osmotic stress, increasing cellobiose concentrations linearly increased gas production (p < .001), while ammonia, acetic acid and isobutyric acid concentrations decreased (p < .001, p = .012, p = .035 respectively). 28710833 0 51 dep in 40:41 arg1 vitro 43:47 vitro 43:47 vitro 43:47 Effect of cellobiose supplementation on in vitro fermentation activity and bacterial numbers of porcine inocula. 28710833 2 52 theme Incubation 329:338 arg1 procedures 340:349 Incubation procedures 329:349 Incubation procedures 329:349 Incubation procedures included normal buffered and osmotic stress conditions (elevated medium salinity). 28710833 3 53 theme Cluster 653:659 arg1 spp. 597:600 Lactobacillus spp. 583:600 Lactobacillus spp. 583:600 After 24 hr of fermentation, production of gas, ammonia and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) was measured, and the gene copy numbers of total bacteria, Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Roseburia spp., Clostridium Cluster IV spp. 28710833 3 53 theme Cluster 653:659 arg1 spp 664:666 Clostridium Cluster IV spp 641:666 Clostridium Cluster IV spp 641:666 After 24 hr of fermentation, production of gas, ammonia and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) was measured, and the gene copy numbers of total bacteria, Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Roseburia spp., Clostridium Cluster IV spp. 28710833 1 54 theme different 289:297 arg1 concentrations 299:312 different concentrations 289:312 different concentrations of cellobiose 289:326 In this in vitro study, the modified Hohenheim gas test (HGT) was applied to determine fermentation activity and bacterial composition of pig's faecal microbial inoculum using different concentrations of cellobiose. 28710833 6 55 theme increasing 909:918 arg1 concentrations 931:944 increasing cellobiose concentrations 909:944 increasing cellobiose concentrations 909:944 Under osmotic stress, increasing cellobiose concentrations linearly increased gas production (p < .001), while ammonia, acetic acid and isobutyric acid concentrations decreased (p < .001, p = .012, p = .035 respectively). 28710833 3 56 theme copy 551:554 arg1 numbers 556:562 the gene copy numbers 542:562 the gene copy numbers of total bacteria 542:580 After 24 hr of fermentation, production of gas, ammonia and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) was measured, and the gene copy numbers of total bacteria, Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Roseburia spp., Clostridium Cluster IV spp. 28710833 5 57 from reduction 773:781 arg1 production 790:799 gas production 786:799 gas production 786:799 There was a significant reduction in gas production after 24 hr when comparing osmotic stress conditions with normal buffered conditions. 28710833 3 58 theme ammonia 482:488 arg1 production 463:472 production 463:472 production of gas, ammonia and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) 463:522 After 24 hr of fermentation, production of gas, ammonia and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) was measured, and the gene copy numbers of total bacteria, Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Roseburia spp., Clostridium Cluster IV spp. 28710833 6 59 theme cellobiose 920:929 arg1 concentrations 931:944 increasing cellobiose concentrations 909:944 increasing cellobiose concentrations 909:944 Under osmotic stress, increasing cellobiose concentrations linearly increased gas production (p < .001), while ammonia, acetic acid and isobutyric acid concentrations decreased (p < .001, p = .012, p = .035 respectively). 28710833 1 60 theme in 121:122 arg1 study 130:134 this in vitro study 116:134 this in vitro study 116:134 In this in vitro study, the modified Hohenheim gas test (HGT) was applied to determine fermentation activity and bacterial composition of pig's faecal microbial inoculum using different concentrations of cellobiose. 28710833 12 61 theme positive 1400:1407 arg1 impact 1409:1414 a positive impact 1398:1414 a positive impact of cellobiose supplementation on gut health especially under osmotic stress conditions 1398:1501 Results might point towards a positive impact of cellobiose supplementation on gut health especially under osmotic stress conditions. 28710833 8 62 theme gene 1158:1161 arg1 copies 1163:1168 gene copies 1158:1168 gene copies 1158:1168 gene copies linearly increased with increasing cellobiose concentrations (p = .048). 28710833 12 63 theme cellobiose 1419:1428 arg1 supplementation 1430:1444 cellobiose supplementation 1419:1444 cellobiose supplementation 1419:1444 Results might point towards a positive impact of cellobiose supplementation on gut health especially under osmotic stress conditions. 28710833 3 64 theme gas 477:479 arg1 production 463:472 production 463:472 production of gas, ammonia and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) 463:522 After 24 hr of fermentation, production of gas, ammonia and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) was measured, and the gene copy numbers of total bacteria, Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Roseburia spp., Clostridium Cluster IV spp. 28710833 6 65 theme acid 1014:1017 arg1 concentrations 1039:1052 ammonia, acetic acid and isobutyric acid concentrations 998:1052 ammonia, acetic acid and isobutyric acid concentrations 998:1052 Under osmotic stress, increasing cellobiose concentrations linearly increased gas production (p < .001), while ammonia, acetic acid and isobutyric acid concentrations decreased (p < .001, p = .012, p = .035 respectively). 28710833 5 66 theme osmotic 828:834 arg1 conditions 843:852 osmotic stress conditions 828:852 osmotic stress conditions 828:852 There was a significant reduction in gas production after 24 hr when comparing osmotic stress conditions with normal buffered conditions. 28710833 3 67 theme total 567:571 arg1 bacteria 573:580 total bacteria 567:580 total bacteria 567:580 After 24 hr of fermentation, production of gas, ammonia and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) was measured, and the gene copy numbers of total bacteria, Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Roseburia spp., Clostridium Cluster IV spp. 28710833 2 68 theme buffered 367:374 arg1 conditions 395:404 normal buffered and osmotic stress conditions 360:404 normal buffered and osmotic stress conditions (elevated medium salinity) 360:431 Incubation procedures included normal buffered and osmotic stress conditions (elevated medium salinity). 28710833 2 68 theme buffered 367:374 arg1 salinity 423:430 elevated medium salinity 407:430 elevated medium salinity 407:430 Incubation procedures included normal buffered and osmotic stress conditions (elevated medium salinity). 28710833 2 69 theme stress 388:393 arg1 conditions 395:404 normal buffered and osmotic stress conditions 360:404 normal buffered and osmotic stress conditions (elevated medium salinity) 360:431 Incubation procedures included normal buffered and osmotic stress conditions (elevated medium salinity). 28710833 2 69 theme stress 388:393 arg1 salinity 423:430 elevated medium salinity 407:430 elevated medium salinity 407:430 Incubation procedures included normal buffered and osmotic stress conditions (elevated medium salinity). 28710833 1 70 theme fermentation 200:211 arg1 activity 213:220 fermentation activity 200:220 fermentation activity 200:220 In this in vitro study, the modified Hohenheim gas test (HGT) was applied to determine fermentation activity and bacterial composition of pig's faecal microbial inoculum using different concentrations of cellobiose. 28710833 5 71 theme significant 761:771 arg1 reduction 773:781 a significant reduction 759:781 a significant reduction in gas production 759:799 There was a significant reduction in gas production after 24 hr when comparing osmotic stress conditions with normal buffered conditions. 28710833 3 72 theme IV 661:662 arg1 spp. 597:600 Lactobacillus spp. 583:600 Lactobacillus spp. 583:600 After 24 hr of fermentation, production of gas, ammonia and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) was measured, and the gene copy numbers of total bacteria, Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Roseburia spp., Clostridium Cluster IV spp. 28710833 3 72 theme IV 661:662 arg1 spp 664:666 Clostridium Cluster IV spp 641:666 Clostridium Cluster IV spp 641:666 After 24 hr of fermentation, production of gas, ammonia and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) was measured, and the gene copy numbers of total bacteria, Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Roseburia spp., Clostridium Cluster IV spp. 28710833 3 73 theme bacteria 573:580 arg1 numbers 556:562 the gene copy numbers 542:562 the gene copy numbers of total bacteria 542:580 After 24 hr of fermentation, production of gas, ammonia and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) was measured, and the gene copy numbers of total bacteria, Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Roseburia spp., Clostridium Cluster IV spp. 28710833 2 74 theme normal 360:365 arg1 conditions 395:404 normal buffered and osmotic stress conditions 360:404 normal buffered and osmotic stress conditions (elevated medium salinity) 360:431 Incubation procedures included normal buffered and osmotic stress conditions (elevated medium salinity). 28710833 2 74 theme normal 360:365 arg1 salinity 423:430 elevated medium salinity 407:430 elevated medium salinity 407:430 Incubation procedures included normal buffered and osmotic stress conditions (elevated medium salinity). 28612943 6 0 theme cell 1205:1208 arg1 morphology 1210:1219 altered cell morphology 1197:1219 altered cell morphology 1197:1219 Using genetic, biochemical and mass spectrometrical analyses we demonstrate that absence of yfiH results in incorporation of non-canonical amino acids, L-serine or glycine in place of L-alanine in PG sacculi leading to β-lactam - sensitivity, lethality in mutants defective in PG remodelling or recycling pathways, altered cell morphology and reduced PG synthesis. 28612943 7 1 theme conserved 1362:1370 arg1 pathway 1372:1378 a conserved pathway 1360:1378 a conserved pathway in bacterial kingdom 1360:1399 yfiH orthologs from other Gram-positive genera were able to compensate the absence of yfiH in E. coli indicating a conserved pathway in bacterial kingdom. 28612943 3 2 theme chain 473:477 arg1 length 479:484 the peptide chain length 461:484 the peptide chain length 461:484 In most bacteria, the composition of the peptide chain is well-conserved and distinctive; in E. coli, the peptide chain length varies from two to five amino acids with a tetrapeptide consisting of L-alanine - D-glutamic acid - meso-diaminopimelic acid - D-alanine. 28612943 6 3 theme PG 1233:1234 arg1 synthesis 1236:1244 reduced PG synthesis 1225:1244 reduced PG synthesis 1225:1244 Using genetic, biochemical and mass spectrometrical analyses we demonstrate that absence of yfiH results in incorporation of non-canonical amino acids, L-serine or glycine in place of L-alanine in PG sacculi leading to β-lactam - sensitivity, lethality in mutants defective in PG remodelling or recycling pathways, altered cell morphology and reduced PG synthesis. 28612943 6 4 theme spectrometrical 918:932 arg1 analyses 934:941 genetic, biochemical and mass spectrometrical analyses 888:941 genetic, biochemical and mass spectrometrical analyses 888:941 Using genetic, biochemical and mass spectrometrical analyses we demonstrate that absence of yfiH results in incorporation of non-canonical amino acids, L-serine or glycine in place of L-alanine in PG sacculi leading to β-lactam - sensitivity, lethality in mutants defective in PG remodelling or recycling pathways, altered cell morphology and reduced PG synthesis. 28612943 7 5 theme yfiH 1333:1336 arg1 absence 1322:1328 the absence 1318:1328 the absence of yfiH in E. coli 1318:1347 yfiH orthologs from other Gram-positive genera were able to compensate the absence of yfiH in E. coli indicating a conserved pathway in bacterial kingdom. 28612943 7 6 theme bacterial 1383:1391 arg1 kingdom 1393:1399 bacterial kingdom 1383:1399 bacterial kingdom 1383:1399 yfiH orthologs from other Gram-positive genera were able to compensate the absence of yfiH in E. coli indicating a conserved pathway in bacterial kingdom. 28612943 6 7 theme altered 1197:1203 arg1 morphology 1210:1219 altered cell morphology 1197:1219 altered cell morphology 1197:1219 Using genetic, biochemical and mass spectrometrical analyses we demonstrate that absence of yfiH results in incorporation of non-canonical amino acids, L-serine or glycine in place of L-alanine in PG sacculi leading to β-lactam - sensitivity, lethality in mutants defective in PG remodelling or recycling pathways, altered cell morphology and reduced PG synthesis. 28612943 2 8 theme cytoplasmic 337:347 arg1 membrane 349:356 cytoplasmic membrane 337:356 cytoplasmic membrane 337:356 It is a large polymer with multiple glycan strands interconnected by short peptide chains forming a sac-like structure around cytoplasmic membrane. 28612943 6 9 from lethality 1125:1133 arg1 mutants 1138:1144 mutants 1138:1144 mutants defective in PG remodelling or recycling pathways 1138:1194 Using genetic, biochemical and mass spectrometrical analyses we demonstrate that absence of yfiH results in incorporation of non-canonical amino acids, L-serine or glycine in place of L-alanine in PG sacculi leading to β-lactam - sensitivity, lethality in mutants defective in PG remodelling or recycling pathways, altered cell morphology and reduced PG synthesis. 28612943 6 10 theme mass 913:916 arg1 analyses 934:941 genetic, biochemical and mass spectrometrical analyses 888:941 genetic, biochemical and mass spectrometrical analyses 888:941 Using genetic, biochemical and mass spectrometrical analyses we demonstrate that absence of yfiH results in incorporation of non-canonical amino acids, L-serine or glycine in place of L-alanine in PG sacculi leading to β-lactam - sensitivity, lethality in mutants defective in PG remodelling or recycling pathways, altered cell morphology and reduced PG synthesis. 28612943 6 11 theme acids 1027:1031 arg1 incorporation 990:1002 incorporation 990:1002 incorporation of non-canonical amino acids 990:1031 Using genetic, biochemical and mass spectrometrical analyses we demonstrate that absence of yfiH results in incorporation of non-canonical amino acids, L-serine or glycine in place of L-alanine in PG sacculi leading to β-lactam - sensitivity, lethality in mutants defective in PG remodelling or recycling pathways, altered cell morphology and reduced PG synthesis. 28612943 6 11 theme acids 1027:1031 arg1 L-serine 1034:1041 L-serine 1034:1041 L-serine 1034:1041 Using genetic, biochemical and mass spectrometrical analyses we demonstrate that absence of yfiH results in incorporation of non-canonical amino acids, L-serine or glycine in place of L-alanine in PG sacculi leading to β-lactam - sensitivity, lethality in mutants defective in PG remodelling or recycling pathways, altered cell morphology and reduced PG synthesis. 28612943 6 11 theme acids 1027:1031 arg1 glycine 1046:1052 glycine 1046:1052 glycine 1046:1052 Using genetic, biochemical and mass spectrometrical analyses we demonstrate that absence of yfiH results in incorporation of non-canonical amino acids, L-serine or glycine in place of L-alanine in PG sacculi leading to β-lactam - sensitivity, lethality in mutants defective in PG remodelling or recycling pathways, altered cell morphology and reduced PG synthesis. 28612943 7 12 theme yfiH 1247:1250 arg1 orthologs 1252:1260 yfiH orthologs 1247:1260 yfiH orthologs from other Gram-positive genera 1247:1292 yfiH orthologs from other Gram-positive genera were able to compensate the absence of yfiH in E. coli indicating a conserved pathway in bacterial kingdom. 28612943 4 13 theme PG 721:722 arg1 chains 711:716 peptide chains 703:716 peptide chains of PG 703:722 However, it is not known how bacteria conserve the composition and sequence of peptide chains of PG. 28612943 4 14 theme peptide 703:709 arg1 chains 711:716 peptide chains 703:716 peptide chains of PG 703:722 However, it is not known how bacteria conserve the composition and sequence of peptide chains of PG. 28612943 8 15 dep suggest 1414:1420 arg1 exist 1457:1461 exist 1457:1461 suggest editing/quality control mechanisms exist to maintain composition and integrity of bacterial peptidoglycan 1414:1526 Our results suggest editing/quality control mechanisms exist to maintain composition and integrity of bacterial peptidoglycan. 28612943 6 16 theme PG 1079:1080 arg1 sacculi 1082:1088 PG sacculi 1079:1088 PG sacculi leading to β-lactam - sensitivity, lethality in mutants defective in PG remodelling or recycling pathways, altered cell morphology and reduced PG synthesis 1079:1244 Using genetic, biochemical and mass spectrometrical analyses we demonstrate that absence of yfiH results in incorporation of non-canonical amino acids, L-serine or glycine in place of L-alanine in PG sacculi leading to β-lactam - sensitivity, lethality in mutants defective in PG remodelling or recycling pathways, altered cell morphology and reduced PG synthesis. 28612943 2 17 theme interconnected 262:275 arg1 strands 254:260 multiple glycan strands 238:260 multiple glycan strands interconnected by short peptide chains forming a sac-like structure around cytoplasmic membrane 238:356 It is a large polymer with multiple glycan strands interconnected by short peptide chains forming a sac-like structure around cytoplasmic membrane. 28612943 3 18 theme amino 510:514 arg1 acids 516:520 two to five amino acids 498:520 two to five amino acids 498:520 In most bacteria, the composition of the peptide chain is well-conserved and distinctive; in E. coli, the peptide chain length varies from two to five amino acids with a tetrapeptide consisting of L-alanine - D-glutamic acid - meso-diaminopimelic acid - D-alanine. 28612943 6 19 theme biochemical 897:907 arg1 analyses 934:941 genetic, biochemical and mass spectrometrical analyses 888:941 genetic, biochemical and mass spectrometrical analyses 888:941 Using genetic, biochemical and mass spectrometrical analyses we demonstrate that absence of yfiH results in incorporation of non-canonical amino acids, L-serine or glycine in place of L-alanine in PG sacculi leading to β-lactam - sensitivity, lethality in mutants defective in PG remodelling or recycling pathways, altered cell morphology and reduced PG synthesis. 28612943 0 20 theme peptidoglycan 87:99 arg1 composition 101:111 bacterial peptidoglycan composition 77:111 bacterial peptidoglycan composition 77:111 Identification of YfiH (PgeF) as a factor contributing to the maintenance of bacterial peptidoglycan composition. 28612943 3 21 from bacteria 367:374 arg1 well-conserved 417:430 well-conserved 417:430 well-conserved 417:430 In most bacteria, the composition of the peptide chain is well-conserved and distinctive; in E. coli, the peptide chain length varies from two to five amino acids with a tetrapeptide consisting of L-alanine - D-glutamic acid - meso-diaminopimelic acid - D-alanine. 28612943 3 21 from bacteria 367:374 arg1 composition 381:391 the composition 377:391 the composition of the peptide chain 377:412 In most bacteria, the composition of the peptide chain is well-conserved and distinctive; in E. coli, the peptide chain length varies from two to five amino acids with a tetrapeptide consisting of L-alanine - D-glutamic acid - meso-diaminopimelic acid - D-alanine. 28612943 6 22 theme recycling 1177:1185 arg1 pathways 1187:1194 recycling pathways 1177:1194 recycling pathways 1177:1194 Using genetic, biochemical and mass spectrometrical analyses we demonstrate that absence of yfiH results in incorporation of non-canonical amino acids, L-serine or glycine in place of L-alanine in PG sacculi leading to β-lactam - sensitivity, lethality in mutants defective in PG remodelling or recycling pathways, altered cell morphology and reduced PG synthesis. 28612943 6 23 theme yfiH 974:977 arg1 absence 963:969 absence 963:969 absence of yfiH 963:977 Using genetic, biochemical and mass spectrometrical analyses we demonstrate that absence of yfiH results in incorporation of non-canonical amino acids, L-serine or glycine in place of L-alanine in PG sacculi leading to β-lactam - sensitivity, lethality in mutants defective in PG remodelling or recycling pathways, altered cell morphology and reduced PG synthesis. 28612943 3 24 dep L-alanine 556:564 arg1 D-alanine 613:621 D-alanine 613:621 L-alanine - D-glutamic acid - meso-diaminopimelic acid - D-alanine 556:621 In most bacteria, the composition of the peptide chain is well-conserved and distinctive; in E. coli, the peptide chain length varies from two to five amino acids with a tetrapeptide consisting of L-alanine - D-glutamic acid - meso-diaminopimelic acid - D-alanine. 28612943 3 24 dep L-alanine 556:564 arg1 acid 579:582 D-glutamic acid 568:582 D-glutamic acid 568:582 In most bacteria, the composition of the peptide chain is well-conserved and distinctive; in E. coli, the peptide chain length varies from two to five amino acids with a tetrapeptide consisting of L-alanine - D-glutamic acid - meso-diaminopimelic acid - D-alanine. 28612943 3 24 dep L-alanine 556:564 arg1 acid 606:609 meso-diaminopimelic acid 586:609 meso-diaminopimelic acid 586:609 In most bacteria, the composition of the peptide chain is well-conserved and distinctive; in E. coli, the peptide chain length varies from two to five amino acids with a tetrapeptide consisting of L-alanine - D-glutamic acid - meso-diaminopimelic acid - D-alanine. 28612943 1 25 theme essential 139:147 arg1 Peptidoglycan 114:126 Peptidoglycan 114:126 Peptidoglycan (PG) 114:131 Peptidoglycan (PG) is an essential, envelope-fortifying macromolecule of eubacterial cell walls. 28612943 1 25 theme essential 139:147 arg1 macromolecule 170:182 an essential, envelope-fortifying macromolecule 136:182 an essential, envelope-fortifying macromolecule of eubacterial cell walls 136:208 Peptidoglycan (PG) is an essential, envelope-fortifying macromolecule of eubacterial cell walls. 28612943 0 26 theme bacterial 77:85 arg1 composition 101:111 bacterial peptidoglycan composition 77:111 bacterial peptidoglycan composition 77:111 Identification of YfiH (PgeF) as a factor contributing to the maintenance of bacterial peptidoglycan composition. 28612943 6 27 from remodelling 1162:1172 arg1 defective 1146:1154 defective 1146:1154 defective 1146:1154 Using genetic, biochemical and mass spectrometrical analyses we demonstrate that absence of yfiH results in incorporation of non-canonical amino acids, L-serine or glycine in place of L-alanine in PG sacculi leading to β-lactam - sensitivity, lethality in mutants defective in PG remodelling or recycling pathways, altered cell morphology and reduced PG synthesis. 28612943 2 28 theme glycan 247:252 arg1 strands 254:260 multiple glycan strands 238:260 multiple glycan strands interconnected by short peptide chains forming a sac-like structure around cytoplasmic membrane 238:356 It is a large polymer with multiple glycan strands interconnected by short peptide chains forming a sac-like structure around cytoplasmic membrane. 28612943 6 29 theme amino 1021:1025 arg1 acids 1027:1031 non-canonical amino acids 1007:1031 non-canonical amino acids 1007:1031 Using genetic, biochemical and mass spectrometrical analyses we demonstrate that absence of yfiH results in incorporation of non-canonical amino acids, L-serine or glycine in place of L-alanine in PG sacculi leading to β-lactam - sensitivity, lethality in mutants defective in PG remodelling or recycling pathways, altered cell morphology and reduced PG synthesis. 28612943 6 30 dep demonstrate 946:956 arg1 Using 882:886 Using 882:886 Using genetic, biochemical and mass spectrometrical analyses 882:941 Using genetic, biochemical and mass spectrometrical analyses we demonstrate that absence of yfiH results in incorporation of non-canonical amino acids, L-serine or glycine in place of L-alanine in PG sacculi leading to β-lactam - sensitivity, lethality in mutants defective in PG remodelling or recycling pathways, altered cell morphology and reduced PG synthesis. 28612943 6 31 theme non-canonical 1007:1019 arg1 acids 1027:1031 non-canonical amino acids 1007:1031 non-canonical amino acids 1007:1031 Using genetic, biochemical and mass spectrometrical analyses we demonstrate that absence of yfiH results in incorporation of non-canonical amino acids, L-serine or glycine in place of L-alanine in PG sacculi leading to β-lactam - sensitivity, lethality in mutants defective in PG remodelling or recycling pathways, altered cell morphology and reduced PG synthesis. 28612943 5 32 theme composition 858:868 arg1 maintenance 835:845 the maintenance 831:845 the maintenance of peptide composition in E. coli 831:879 Here, we find that a conserved open reading frame of unknown function, YfiH (renamed PgeF) contributes to the maintenance of peptide composition in E. coli. 28612943 7 33 from genera 1287:1292 arg1 orthologs 1252:1260 yfiH orthologs 1247:1260 yfiH orthologs from other Gram-positive genera 1247:1292 yfiH orthologs from other Gram-positive genera were able to compensate the absence of yfiH in E. coli indicating a conserved pathway in bacterial kingdom. 28612943 3 34 theme chain 408:412 arg1 well-conserved 417:430 well-conserved 417:430 well-conserved 417:430 In most bacteria, the composition of the peptide chain is well-conserved and distinctive; in E. coli, the peptide chain length varies from two to five amino acids with a tetrapeptide consisting of L-alanine - D-glutamic acid - meso-diaminopimelic acid - D-alanine. 28612943 3 34 theme chain 408:412 arg1 composition 381:391 the composition 377:391 the composition of the peptide chain 377:412 In most bacteria, the composition of the peptide chain is well-conserved and distinctive; in E. coli, the peptide chain length varies from two to five amino acids with a tetrapeptide consisting of L-alanine - D-glutamic acid - meso-diaminopimelic acid - D-alanine. 28612943 5 35 theme conserved 746:754 arg1 YfiH 796:799 YfiH 796:799 YfiH (renamed PgeF) 796:814 Here, we find that a conserved open reading frame of unknown function, YfiH (renamed PgeF) contributes to the maintenance of peptide composition in E. coli. 28612943 5 35 theme conserved 746:754 arg1 frame 769:773 a conserved open reading frame 744:773 a conserved open reading frame of unknown function 744:793 Here, we find that a conserved open reading frame of unknown function, YfiH (renamed PgeF) contributes to the maintenance of peptide composition in E. coli. 28612943 6 36 from pathways 1187:1194 arg1 defective 1146:1154 defective 1146:1154 defective 1146:1154 Using genetic, biochemical and mass spectrometrical analyses we demonstrate that absence of yfiH results in incorporation of non-canonical amino acids, L-serine or glycine in place of L-alanine in PG sacculi leading to β-lactam - sensitivity, lethality in mutants defective in PG remodelling or recycling pathways, altered cell morphology and reduced PG synthesis. 28612943 6 37 theme PG 1159:1160 arg1 remodelling 1162:1172 PG remodelling 1159:1172 PG remodelling 1159:1172 Using genetic, biochemical and mass spectrometrical analyses we demonstrate that absence of yfiH results in incorporation of non-canonical amino acids, L-serine or glycine in place of L-alanine in PG sacculi leading to β-lactam - sensitivity, lethality in mutants defective in PG remodelling or recycling pathways, altered cell morphology and reduced PG synthesis. 28612943 7 38 from pathway 1372:1378 arg1 kingdom 1393:1399 bacterial kingdom 1383:1399 bacterial kingdom 1383:1399 yfiH orthologs from other Gram-positive genera were able to compensate the absence of yfiH in E. coli indicating a conserved pathway in bacterial kingdom. 28612943 4 39 dep composition 675:685 arg1 the 671:673 the 671:673 the 671:673 However, it is not known how bacteria conserve the composition and sequence of peptide chains of PG. 28612943 6 40 from L-alanine 1066:1074 arg1 sacculi 1082:1088 PG sacculi 1079:1088 PG sacculi leading to β-lactam - sensitivity, lethality in mutants defective in PG remodelling or recycling pathways, altered cell morphology and reduced PG synthesis 1079:1244 Using genetic, biochemical and mass spectrometrical analyses we demonstrate that absence of yfiH results in incorporation of non-canonical amino acids, L-serine or glycine in place of L-alanine in PG sacculi leading to β-lactam - sensitivity, lethality in mutants defective in PG remodelling or recycling pathways, altered cell morphology and reduced PG synthesis. 28612943 5 41 theme renamed 802:808 arg1 YfiH 796:799 YfiH 796:799 YfiH (renamed PgeF) 796:814 Here, we find that a conserved open reading frame of unknown function, YfiH (renamed PgeF) contributes to the maintenance of peptide composition in E. coli. 28612943 5 41 theme renamed 802:808 arg1 PgeF 810:813 renamed PgeF 802:813 renamed PgeF 802:813 Here, we find that a conserved open reading frame of unknown function, YfiH (renamed PgeF) contributes to the maintenance of peptide composition in E. coli. 28612943 3 42 theme most 362:365 arg1 bacteria 367:374 most bacteria 362:374 most bacteria 362:374 In most bacteria, the composition of the peptide chain is well-conserved and distinctive; in E. coli, the peptide chain length varies from two to five amino acids with a tetrapeptide consisting of L-alanine - D-glutamic acid - meso-diaminopimelic acid - D-alanine. 28612943 6 43 theme genetic 888:894 arg1 analyses 934:941 genetic, biochemical and mass spectrometrical analyses 888:941 genetic, biochemical and mass spectrometrical analyses 888:941 Using genetic, biochemical and mass spectrometrical analyses we demonstrate that absence of yfiH results in incorporation of non-canonical amino acids, L-serine or glycine in place of L-alanine in PG sacculi leading to β-lactam - sensitivity, lethality in mutants defective in PG remodelling or recycling pathways, altered cell morphology and reduced PG synthesis. 28612943 5 44 from maintenance 835:845 arg1 coli 876:879 E. coli 873:879 E. coli 873:879 Here, we find that a conserved open reading frame of unknown function, YfiH (renamed PgeF) contributes to the maintenance of peptide composition in E. coli. 28612943 2 45 theme peptide 286:292 arg1 chains 294:299 short peptide chains 280:299 short peptide chains forming a sac-like structure around cytoplasmic membrane 280:356 It is a large polymer with multiple glycan strands interconnected by short peptide chains forming a sac-like structure around cytoplasmic membrane. 28612943 0 46 theme YfiH 18:21 arg1 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification of YfiH (PgeF) as a factor contributing to the maintenance of bacterial peptidoglycan composition. 0:112 Identification of YfiH (PgeF) as a factor contributing to the maintenance of bacterial peptidoglycan composition. 28612943 0 47 theme composition 101:111 arg1 maintenance 62:72 the maintenance 58:72 the maintenance of bacterial peptidoglycan composition 58:111 Identification of YfiH (PgeF) as a factor contributing to the maintenance of bacterial peptidoglycan composition. 28612943 2 48 theme short 280:284 arg1 chains 294:299 short peptide chains 280:299 short peptide chains forming a sac-like structure around cytoplasmic membrane 280:356 It is a large polymer with multiple glycan strands interconnected by short peptide chains forming a sac-like structure around cytoplasmic membrane. 28612943 1 49 theme eubacterial 187:197 arg1 walls 204:208 eubacterial cell walls 187:208 eubacterial cell walls 187:208 Peptidoglycan (PG) is an essential, envelope-fortifying macromolecule of eubacterial cell walls. 28612943 5 50 theme unknown 778:784 arg1 function 786:793 unknown function 778:793 unknown function 778:793 Here, we find that a conserved open reading frame of unknown function, YfiH (renamed PgeF) contributes to the maintenance of peptide composition in E. coli. 28612943 1 51 theme cell 199:202 arg1 walls 204:208 eubacterial cell walls 187:208 eubacterial cell walls 187:208 Peptidoglycan (PG) is an essential, envelope-fortifying macromolecule of eubacterial cell walls. 28612943 3 52 theme peptide 400:406 arg1 chain 408:412 the peptide chain 396:412 the peptide chain 396:412 In most bacteria, the composition of the peptide chain is well-conserved and distinctive; in E. coli, the peptide chain length varies from two to five amino acids with a tetrapeptide consisting of L-alanine - D-glutamic acid - meso-diaminopimelic acid - D-alanine. 28612943 2 53 with polymer 225:231 arg1 strands 254:260 multiple glycan strands 238:260 multiple glycan strands interconnected by short peptide chains forming a sac-like structure around cytoplasmic membrane 238:356 It is a large polymer with multiple glycan strands interconnected by short peptide chains forming a sac-like structure around cytoplasmic membrane. 28612943 7 54 from absence 1322:1328 arg1 coli 1344:1347 E. coli 1341:1347 E. coli 1341:1347 yfiH orthologs from other Gram-positive genera were able to compensate the absence of yfiH in E. coli indicating a conserved pathway in bacterial kingdom. 28612943 5 55 theme open 756:759 arg1 YfiH 796:799 YfiH 796:799 YfiH (renamed PgeF) 796:814 Here, we find that a conserved open reading frame of unknown function, YfiH (renamed PgeF) contributes to the maintenance of peptide composition in E. coli. 28612943 5 55 theme open 756:759 arg1 frame 769:773 a conserved open reading frame 744:773 a conserved open reading frame of unknown function 744:793 Here, we find that a conserved open reading frame of unknown function, YfiH (renamed PgeF) contributes to the maintenance of peptide composition in E. coli. 28612943 1 56 theme walls 204:208 arg1 Peptidoglycan 114:126 Peptidoglycan 114:126 Peptidoglycan (PG) 114:131 Peptidoglycan (PG) is an essential, envelope-fortifying macromolecule of eubacterial cell walls. 28612943 1 56 theme walls 204:208 arg1 macromolecule 170:182 an essential, envelope-fortifying macromolecule 136:182 an essential, envelope-fortifying macromolecule of eubacterial cell walls 136:208 Peptidoglycan (PG) is an essential, envelope-fortifying macromolecule of eubacterial cell walls. 28612943 8 57 theme peptidoglycan 1514:1526 arg1 integrity 1491:1499 integrity 1491:1499 integrity 1491:1499 Our results suggest editing/quality control mechanisms exist to maintain composition and integrity of bacterial peptidoglycan. 28612943 8 57 theme peptidoglycan 1514:1526 arg1 composition 1475:1485 composition 1475:1485 composition 1475:1485 Our results suggest editing/quality control mechanisms exist to maintain composition and integrity of bacterial peptidoglycan. 28612943 5 58 theme reading 761:767 arg1 YfiH 796:799 YfiH 796:799 YfiH (renamed PgeF) 796:814 Here, we find that a conserved open reading frame of unknown function, YfiH (renamed PgeF) contributes to the maintenance of peptide composition in E. coli. 28612943 5 58 theme reading 761:767 arg1 frame 769:773 a conserved open reading frame 744:773 a conserved open reading frame of unknown function 744:793 Here, we find that a conserved open reading frame of unknown function, YfiH (renamed PgeF) contributes to the maintenance of peptide composition in E. coli. 28612943 1 59 dep essential 139:147 arg1 envelope-fortifying 150:168 envelope-fortifying 150:168 envelope-fortifying 150:168 Peptidoglycan (PG) is an essential, envelope-fortifying macromolecule of eubacterial cell walls. 28612943 8 60 theme editing/quality 1422:1436 arg1 mechanisms 1446:1455 editing/quality control mechanisms 1422:1455 editing/quality control mechanisms 1422:1455 Our results suggest editing/quality control mechanisms exist to maintain composition and integrity of bacterial peptidoglycan. 28612943 6 61 theme reduced 1225:1231 arg1 synthesis 1236:1244 reduced PG synthesis 1225:1244 reduced PG synthesis 1225:1244 Using genetic, biochemical and mass spectrometrical analyses we demonstrate that absence of yfiH results in incorporation of non-canonical amino acids, L-serine or glycine in place of L-alanine in PG sacculi leading to β-lactam - sensitivity, lethality in mutants defective in PG remodelling or recycling pathways, altered cell morphology and reduced PG synthesis. 28612943 3 62 theme peptide 465:471 arg1 length 479:484 the peptide chain length 461:484 the peptide chain length 461:484 In most bacteria, the composition of the peptide chain is well-conserved and distinctive; in E. coli, the peptide chain length varies from two to five amino acids with a tetrapeptide consisting of L-alanine - D-glutamic acid - meso-diaminopimelic acid - D-alanine. 28612943 7 63 theme other 1267:1271 arg1 genera 1287:1292 other Gram-positive genera 1267:1292 other Gram-positive genera 1267:1292 yfiH orthologs from other Gram-positive genera were able to compensate the absence of yfiH in E. coli indicating a conserved pathway in bacterial kingdom. 28612943 7 64 theme Gram-positive 1273:1285 arg1 genera 1287:1292 other Gram-positive genera 1267:1292 other Gram-positive genera 1267:1292 yfiH orthologs from other Gram-positive genera were able to compensate the absence of yfiH in E. coli indicating a conserved pathway in bacterial kingdom. 28612943 2 65 theme multiple 238:245 arg1 strands 254:260 multiple glycan strands 238:260 multiple glycan strands interconnected by short peptide chains forming a sac-like structure around cytoplasmic membrane 238:356 It is a large polymer with multiple glycan strands interconnected by short peptide chains forming a sac-like structure around cytoplasmic membrane. 28612943 6 66 theme defective 1146:1154 arg1 mutants 1138:1144 mutants 1138:1144 mutants defective in PG remodelling or recycling pathways 1138:1194 Using genetic, biochemical and mass spectrometrical analyses we demonstrate that absence of yfiH results in incorporation of non-canonical amino acids, L-serine or glycine in place of L-alanine in PG sacculi leading to β-lactam - sensitivity, lethality in mutants defective in PG remodelling or recycling pathways, altered cell morphology and reduced PG synthesis. 28612943 2 67 theme sac-like 311:318 arg1 structure 320:328 a sac-like structure 309:328 a sac-like structure around cytoplasmic membrane 309:356 It is a large polymer with multiple glycan strands interconnected by short peptide chains forming a sac-like structure around cytoplasmic membrane. 28612943 4 68 theme chains 711:716 arg1 sequence 691:698 sequence 691:698 sequence 691:698 However, it is not known how bacteria conserve the composition and sequence of peptide chains of PG. 28612943 4 68 theme chains 711:716 arg1 composition 675:685 composition 675:685 composition 675:685 However, it is not known how bacteria conserve the composition and sequence of peptide chains of PG. 28612943 3 69 theme meso-diaminopimelic 586:604 arg1 acid 606:609 meso-diaminopimelic acid 586:609 meso-diaminopimelic acid 586:609 In most bacteria, the composition of the peptide chain is well-conserved and distinctive; in E. coli, the peptide chain length varies from two to five amino acids with a tetrapeptide consisting of L-alanine - D-glutamic acid - meso-diaminopimelic acid - D-alanine. 28612943 5 70 theme peptide 850:856 arg1 composition 858:868 peptide composition 850:868 peptide composition 850:868 Here, we find that a conserved open reading frame of unknown function, YfiH (renamed PgeF) contributes to the maintenance of peptide composition in E. coli. 28612943 3 71 dep five 505:508 arg1 to 502:503 to 502:503 to 502:503 In most bacteria, the composition of the peptide chain is well-conserved and distinctive; in E. coli, the peptide chain length varies from two to five amino acids with a tetrapeptide consisting of L-alanine - D-glutamic acid - meso-diaminopimelic acid - D-alanine. 28612943 8 72 theme control 1438:1444 arg1 mechanisms 1446:1455 editing/quality control mechanisms 1422:1455 editing/quality control mechanisms 1422:1455 Our results suggest editing/quality control mechanisms exist to maintain composition and integrity of bacterial peptidoglycan. 28612943 5 73 theme function 786:793 arg1 YfiH 796:799 YfiH 796:799 YfiH (renamed PgeF) 796:814 Here, we find that a conserved open reading frame of unknown function, YfiH (renamed PgeF) contributes to the maintenance of peptide composition in E. coli. 28612943 5 73 theme function 786:793 arg1 frame 769:773 a conserved open reading frame 744:773 a conserved open reading frame of unknown function 744:793 Here, we find that a conserved open reading frame of unknown function, YfiH (renamed PgeF) contributes to the maintenance of peptide composition in E. coli. 28612943 3 74 theme D-glutamic 568:577 arg1 acid 579:582 D-glutamic acid 568:582 D-glutamic acid 568:582 In most bacteria, the composition of the peptide chain is well-conserved and distinctive; in E. coli, the peptide chain length varies from two to five amino acids with a tetrapeptide consisting of L-alanine - D-glutamic acid - meso-diaminopimelic acid - D-alanine. 28612943 6 75 from defective 1146:1154 arg1 remodelling 1162:1172 PG remodelling 1159:1172 PG remodelling 1159:1172 Using genetic, biochemical and mass spectrometrical analyses we demonstrate that absence of yfiH results in incorporation of non-canonical amino acids, L-serine or glycine in place of L-alanine in PG sacculi leading to β-lactam - sensitivity, lethality in mutants defective in PG remodelling or recycling pathways, altered cell morphology and reduced PG synthesis. 28612943 6 75 from defective 1146:1154 arg1 pathways 1187:1194 recycling pathways 1177:1194 recycling pathways 1177:1194 Using genetic, biochemical and mass spectrometrical analyses we demonstrate that absence of yfiH results in incorporation of non-canonical amino acids, L-serine or glycine in place of L-alanine in PG sacculi leading to β-lactam - sensitivity, lethality in mutants defective in PG remodelling or recycling pathways, altered cell morphology and reduced PG synthesis. 28612943 2 76 theme large 219:223 arg1 polymer 225:231 a large polymer 217:231 a large polymer with multiple glycan strands interconnected by short peptide chains forming a sac-like structure around cytoplasmic membrane 217:356 It is a large polymer with multiple glycan strands interconnected by short peptide chains forming a sac-like structure around cytoplasmic membrane. 28612943 2 76 theme large 219:223 arg1 It 211:212 It 211:212 It 211:212 It is a large polymer with multiple glycan strands interconnected by short peptide chains forming a sac-like structure around cytoplasmic membrane. 28612943 3 77 from well-conserved 417:430 arg1 bacteria 367:374 most bacteria 362:374 most bacteria 362:374 In most bacteria, the composition of the peptide chain is well-conserved and distinctive; in E. coli, the peptide chain length varies from two to five amino acids with a tetrapeptide consisting of L-alanine - D-glutamic acid - meso-diaminopimelic acid - D-alanine. 28612943 8 78 theme bacterial 1504:1512 arg1 peptidoglycan 1514:1526 bacterial peptidoglycan 1504:1526 bacterial peptidoglycan 1504:1526 Our results suggest editing/quality control mechanisms exist to maintain composition and integrity of bacterial peptidoglycan. 26243402 7 0 theme dressing 911:918 arg1 applications 920:931 wound dressing applications 905:931 wound dressing applications 905:931 The mechanical properties suggested that the composite films had sufficient properties to be used for wound dressing applications. 26243402 8 1 theme composite 1121:1129 arg1 films 1131:1135 the composite films 1117:1135 the composite films 1117:1135 An increase in the ECM content resulted in better hydrophilicity of the films and hence better the moisture retention capacity and retardant water vapor transmission rate property of the composite films. 26243402 10 2 theme prepared 1245:1252 arg1 materials 1294:1302 wound dressing materials 1279:1302 wound dressing materials 1279:1302 In gist, the prepared films may be explored as wound dressing materials. 26243402 10 2 theme prepared 1245:1252 arg1 films 1254:1258 the prepared films 1241:1258 the prepared films 1241:1258 In gist, the prepared films may be explored as wound dressing materials. 26243402 8 3 dep capacity 1052:1059 arg1 the 1029:1031 the 1029:1031 the 1029:1031 An increase in the ECM content resulted in better hydrophilicity of the films and hence better the moisture retention capacity and retardant water vapor transmission rate property of the composite films. 26243402 5 4 theme FTIR 601:604 arg1 study 606:610 FTIR study 601:610 FTIR study 601:610 FTIR study indicated that both chitosan and ECM were present in their native form and did not lose their activity. 26243402 1 5 theme porcine 167:173 arg1 omentum 175:181 porcine omentum 167:181 porcine omentum 167:181 The present study describes the preparation of extracellular matrix (ECM; from porcine omentum) based chitosan composite films for wound dressing applications. 26243402 8 6 theme retention 1042:1050 arg1 capacity 1052:1059 moisture retention capacity 1033:1059 moisture retention capacity 1033:1059 An increase in the ECM content resulted in better hydrophilicity of the films and hence better the moisture retention capacity and retardant water vapor transmission rate property of the composite films. 26243402 9 7 dep blood 1187:1191 arg1 cells 1225:1229 derived stem cells 1212:1229 derived stem cells 1212:1229 The films were found to be biocompatible to both blood and adipose tissue derived stem cells. 26243402 8 8 theme moisture 1033:1040 arg1 capacity 1052:1059 moisture retention capacity 1033:1059 moisture retention capacity 1033:1059 An increase in the ECM content resulted in better hydrophilicity of the films and hence better the moisture retention capacity and retardant water vapor transmission rate property of the composite films. 26243402 2 9 theme ECM 287:289 arg1 content 291:297 the ECM content 283:297 the ECM content 283:297 The films were prepared by varying the ECM content, whereas, the amount of chitosan was kept constant. 26243402 6 10 theme films 796:800 arg1 crystallinity 775:787 the crystallinity 771:787 the crystallinity of the films 771:800 XRD analysis suggested composition dependent change in the crystallinity of the films. 26243402 7 11 theme sufficient 868:877 arg1 properties 879:888 sufficient properties 868:888 sufficient properties 868:888 The mechanical properties suggested that the composite films had sufficient properties to be used for wound dressing applications. 26243402 3 12 theme FTIR 421:424 arg1 studies 434:440 FTIR and XRD studies 421:440 FTIR and XRD studies 421:440 The interactions amongst the components of the films were analyzed by FTIR and XRD studies. 26243402 8 13 theme films 1006:1010 arg1 hydrophilicity 984:997 better hydrophilicity 977:997 better hydrophilicity of the films 977:1010 An increase in the ECM content resulted in better hydrophilicity of the films and hence better the moisture retention capacity and retardant water vapor transmission rate property of the composite films. 26243402 1 14 theme present 92:98 arg1 study 100:104 The present study 88:104 The present study 88:104 The present study describes the preparation of extracellular matrix (ECM; from porcine omentum) based chitosan composite films for wound dressing applications. 26243402 7 15 theme composite 848:856 arg1 films 858:862 the composite films 844:862 the composite films 844:862 The mechanical properties suggested that the composite films had sufficient properties to be used for wound dressing applications. 26243402 8 16 from increase 937:944 arg1 content 957:963 the ECM content 949:963 the ECM content 949:963 An increase in the ECM content resulted in better hydrophilicity of the films and hence better the moisture retention capacity and retardant water vapor transmission rate property of the composite films. 26243402 8 17 theme water 1075:1079 arg1 property 1105:1112 retardant water vapor transmission rate property 1065:1112 retardant water vapor transmission rate property 1065:1112 An increase in the ECM content resulted in better hydrophilicity of the films and hence better the moisture retention capacity and retardant water vapor transmission rate property of the composite films. 26243402 1 18 theme based 184:188 arg1 films 209:213 extracellular matrix (ECM; from porcine omentum) based chitosan composite films 135:213 extracellular matrix (ECM; from porcine omentum) based chitosan composite films 135:213 The present study describes the preparation of extracellular matrix (ECM; from porcine omentum) based chitosan composite films for wound dressing applications. 26243402 4 19 theme vapor 548:552 arg1 permeability 554:565 water vapor permeability 542:565 water vapor permeability 542:565 The films were thoroughly characterized for surface hydrophilicity, moisture retention capability, water vapor permeability, mechanical and biocompatibility. 26243402 8 20 theme retardant 1065:1073 arg1 property 1105:1112 retardant water vapor transmission rate property 1065:1112 retardant water vapor transmission rate property 1065:1112 An increase in the ECM content resulted in better hydrophilicity of the films and hence better the moisture retention capacity and retardant water vapor transmission rate property of the composite films. 26243402 9 21 theme derived 1212:1218 arg1 cells 1225:1229 derived stem cells 1212:1229 derived stem cells 1212:1229 The films were found to be biocompatible to both blood and adipose tissue derived stem cells. 26243402 1 22 theme chitosan 190:197 arg1 films 209:213 extracellular matrix (ECM; from porcine omentum) based chitosan composite films 135:213 extracellular matrix (ECM; from porcine omentum) based chitosan composite films 135:213 The present study describes the preparation of extracellular matrix (ECM; from porcine omentum) based chitosan composite films for wound dressing applications. 26243402 0 23 theme composite 41:49 arg1 films 51:55 matrix-chitosan composite films 25:55 matrix-chitosan composite films 25:55 Evaluation extracellular matrix-chitosan composite films for wound healing application. 26243402 4 24 theme water 542:546 arg1 permeability 554:565 water vapor permeability 542:565 water vapor permeability 542:565 The films were thoroughly characterized for surface hydrophilicity, moisture retention capability, water vapor permeability, mechanical and biocompatibility. 26243402 8 25 theme transmission 1087:1098 arg1 property 1105:1112 retardant water vapor transmission rate property 1065:1112 retardant water vapor transmission rate property 1065:1112 An increase in the ECM content resulted in better hydrophilicity of the films and hence better the moisture retention capacity and retardant water vapor transmission rate property of the composite films. 26243402 9 26 theme stem 1220:1223 arg1 cells 1225:1229 derived stem cells 1212:1229 derived stem cells 1212:1229 The films were found to be biocompatible to both blood and adipose tissue derived stem cells. 26243402 8 27 theme better 977:982 arg1 hydrophilicity 984:997 better hydrophilicity 977:997 better hydrophilicity of the films 977:1010 An increase in the ECM content resulted in better hydrophilicity of the films and hence better the moisture retention capacity and retardant water vapor transmission rate property of the composite films. 26243402 1 28 theme composite 199:207 arg1 films 209:213 extracellular matrix (ECM; from porcine omentum) based chitosan composite films 135:213 extracellular matrix (ECM; from porcine omentum) based chitosan composite films 135:213 The present study describes the preparation of extracellular matrix (ECM; from porcine omentum) based chitosan composite films for wound dressing applications. 26243402 0 29 theme matrix-chitosan 25:39 arg1 films 51:55 matrix-chitosan composite films 25:55 matrix-chitosan composite films 25:55 Evaluation extracellular matrix-chitosan composite films for wound healing application. 26243402 8 30 theme vapor 1081:1085 arg1 property 1105:1112 retardant water vapor transmission rate property 1065:1112 retardant water vapor transmission rate property 1065:1112 An increase in the ECM content resulted in better hydrophilicity of the films and hence better the moisture retention capacity and retardant water vapor transmission rate property of the composite films. 26243402 10 31 theme dressing 1285:1292 arg1 materials 1294:1302 wound dressing materials 1279:1302 wound dressing materials 1279:1302 In gist, the prepared films may be explored as wound dressing materials. 26243402 10 31 theme dressing 1285:1292 arg1 films 1254:1258 the prepared films 1241:1258 the prepared films 1241:1258 In gist, the prepared films may be explored as wound dressing materials. 26243402 1 32 theme films 209:213 arg1 preparation 120:130 the preparation 116:130 the preparation of extracellular matrix (ECM; from porcine omentum) based chitosan composite films for wound dressing applications 116:245 The present study describes the preparation of extracellular matrix (ECM; from porcine omentum) based chitosan composite films for wound dressing applications. 26243402 3 33 theme films 398:402 arg1 components 380:389 the components 376:389 the components of the films 376:402 The interactions amongst the components of the films were analyzed by FTIR and XRD studies. 26243402 2 34 theme chitosan 323:330 arg1 chitosan 323:330 chitosan 323:330 chitosan 323:330 The films were prepared by varying the ECM content, whereas, the amount of chitosan was kept constant. 26243402 2 34 theme chitosan 323:330 arg1 constant 341:348 constant 341:348 constant 341:348 The films were prepared by varying the ECM content, whereas, the amount of chitosan was kept constant. 26243402 2 34 theme chitosan 323:330 arg1 amount 313:318 the amount 309:318 the amount of chitosan 309:330 The films were prepared by varying the ECM content, whereas, the amount of chitosan was kept constant. 26243402 1 35 dep based 184:188 arg1 matrix 149:154 extracellular matrix 135:154 extracellular matrix (ECM; from porcine omentum) 135:182 The present study describes the preparation of extracellular matrix (ECM; from porcine omentum) based chitosan composite films for wound dressing applications. 26243402 1 35 dep based 184:188 arg1 ECM 157:159 ECM 157:159 ECM; from porcine omentum 157:181 The present study describes the preparation of extracellular matrix (ECM; from porcine omentum) based chitosan composite films for wound dressing applications. 26243402 10 36 theme wound 1279:1283 arg1 materials 1294:1302 wound dressing materials 1279:1302 wound dressing materials 1279:1302 In gist, the prepared films may be explored as wound dressing materials. 26243402 10 36 theme wound 1279:1283 arg1 films 1254:1258 the prepared films 1241:1258 the prepared films 1241:1258 In gist, the prepared films may be explored as wound dressing materials. 26243402 3 37 theme XRD 430:432 arg1 studies 434:440 FTIR and XRD studies 421:440 FTIR and XRD studies 421:440 The interactions amongst the components of the films were analyzed by FTIR and XRD studies. 26243402 5 38 located present 654:660 arg2 ECM 645:647 ECM 645:647 ECM 645:647 FTIR study indicated that both chitosan and ECM were present in their native form and did not lose their activity. 26243402 5 38 located present 654:660 arg1 form 678:681 their native form 665:681 their native form 665:681 FTIR study indicated that both chitosan and ECM were present in their native form and did not lose their activity. 26243402 5 38 located present 654:660 arg2 chitosan 632:639 chitosan 632:639 chitosan 632:639 FTIR study indicated that both chitosan and ECM were present in their native form and did not lose their activity. 26243402 4 39 theme retention 520:528 arg1 capability 530:539 moisture retention capability 511:539 moisture retention capability 511:539 The films were thoroughly characterized for surface hydrophilicity, moisture retention capability, water vapor permeability, mechanical and biocompatibility. 26243402 8 40 theme rate 1100:1103 arg1 property 1105:1112 retardant water vapor transmission rate property 1065:1112 retardant water vapor transmission rate property 1065:1112 An increase in the ECM content resulted in better hydrophilicity of the films and hence better the moisture retention capacity and retardant water vapor transmission rate property of the composite films. 26243402 1 41 theme wound 219:223 arg1 applications 234:245 wound dressing applications 219:245 wound dressing applications 219:245 The present study describes the preparation of extracellular matrix (ECM; from porcine omentum) based chitosan composite films for wound dressing applications. 26243402 0 42 theme healing 67:73 arg1 application 75:85 wound healing application 61:85 wound healing application 61:85 Evaluation extracellular matrix-chitosan composite films for wound healing application. 26243402 4 43 theme moisture 511:518 arg1 capability 530:539 moisture retention capability 511:539 moisture retention capability 511:539 The films were thoroughly characterized for surface hydrophilicity, moisture retention capability, water vapor permeability, mechanical and biocompatibility. 26243402 5 44 theme native 671:676 arg1 form 678:681 their native form 665:681 their native form 665:681 FTIR study indicated that both chitosan and ECM were present in their native form and did not lose their activity. 26243402 7 45 theme mechanical 807:816 arg1 properties 818:827 The mechanical properties 803:827 The mechanical properties 803:827 The mechanical properties suggested that the composite films had sufficient properties to be used for wound dressing applications. 26243402 0 46 theme wound 61:65 arg1 healing 67:73 wound healing 61:73 wound healing application 61:85 Evaluation extracellular matrix-chitosan composite films for wound healing application. 26243402 6 47 theme dependent 751:759 arg1 change 761:766 composition dependent change 739:766 composition dependent change 739:766 XRD analysis suggested composition dependent change in the crystallinity of the films. 26243402 1 48 theme extracellular 135:147 arg1 matrix 149:154 extracellular matrix 135:154 extracellular matrix (ECM; from porcine omentum) 135:182 The present study describes the preparation of extracellular matrix (ECM; from porcine omentum) based chitosan composite films for wound dressing applications. 26243402 1 48 theme extracellular 135:147 arg1 ECM 157:159 ECM 157:159 ECM; from porcine omentum 157:181 The present study describes the preparation of extracellular matrix (ECM; from porcine omentum) based chitosan composite films for wound dressing applications. 26243402 5 49 attach present 654:660 arg2 ECM 645:647 ECM 645:647 ECM 645:647 FTIR study indicated that both chitosan and ECM were present in their native form and did not lose their activity. 26243402 5 49 attach present 654:660 arg1 form 678:681 their native form 665:681 their native form 665:681 FTIR study indicated that both chitosan and ECM were present in their native form and did not lose their activity. 26243402 5 49 attach present 654:660 arg2 chitosan 632:639 chitosan 632:639 chitosan 632:639 FTIR study indicated that both chitosan and ECM were present in their native form and did not lose their activity. 26243402 5 50 from present 654:660 arg1 form 678:681 their native form 665:681 their native form 665:681 FTIR study indicated that both chitosan and ECM were present in their native form and did not lose their activity. 26243402 8 51 theme films 1131:1135 arg1 property 1105:1112 retardant water vapor transmission rate property 1065:1112 retardant water vapor transmission rate property 1065:1112 An increase in the ECM content resulted in better hydrophilicity of the films and hence better the moisture retention capacity and retardant water vapor transmission rate property of the composite films. 26243402 8 51 theme films 1131:1135 arg1 capacity 1052:1059 moisture retention capacity 1033:1059 moisture retention capacity 1033:1059 An increase in the ECM content resulted in better hydrophilicity of the films and hence better the moisture retention capacity and retardant water vapor transmission rate property of the composite films. 26243402 9 52 theme adipose 1197:1203 arg1 tissue 1205:1210 adipose tissue 1197:1210 adipose tissue 1197:1210 The films were found to be biocompatible to both blood and adipose tissue derived stem cells. 26243402 6 53 theme XRD 716:718 arg1 analysis 720:727 XRD analysis 716:727 XRD analysis 716:727 XRD analysis suggested composition dependent change in the crystallinity of the films. 26243402 1 54 theme dressing 225:232 arg1 applications 234:245 wound dressing applications 219:245 wound dressing applications 219:245 The present study describes the preparation of extracellular matrix (ECM; from porcine omentum) based chitosan composite films for wound dressing applications. 26243402 7 55 contain had 864:866 arg1 films 858:862 the composite films 844:862 the composite films 844:862 The mechanical properties suggested that the composite films had sufficient properties to be used for wound dressing applications. 26243402 7 55 contain had 864:866 arg2 properties 879:888 sufficient properties 868:888 sufficient properties 868:888 The mechanical properties suggested that the composite films had sufficient properties to be used for wound dressing applications. 26243402 8 56 theme ECM 953:955 arg1 content 957:963 the ECM content 949:963 the ECM content 949:963 An increase in the ECM content resulted in better hydrophilicity of the films and hence better the moisture retention capacity and retardant water vapor transmission rate property of the composite films. 26243402 7 57 theme wound 905:909 arg1 applications 920:931 wound dressing applications 905:931 wound dressing applications 905:931 The mechanical properties suggested that the composite films had sufficient properties to be used for wound dressing applications. 26243402 4 58 theme surface 487:493 arg1 hydrophilicity 495:508 surface hydrophilicity 487:508 surface hydrophilicity 487:508 The films were thoroughly characterized for surface hydrophilicity, moisture retention capability, water vapor permeability, mechanical and biocompatibility. 26243402 1 59 from omentum 175:181 arg1 matrix 149:154 extracellular matrix 135:154 extracellular matrix (ECM; from porcine omentum) 135:182 The present study describes the preparation of extracellular matrix (ECM; from porcine omentum) based chitosan composite films for wound dressing applications. 26243402 1 59 from omentum 175:181 arg1 ECM 157:159 ECM 157:159 ECM; from porcine omentum 157:181 The present study describes the preparation of extracellular matrix (ECM; from porcine omentum) based chitosan composite films for wound dressing applications. 26243402 9 60 link derived 1212:1218 arg1 cells 1225:1229 derived stem cells 1212:1229 derived stem cells 1212:1229 The films were found to be biocompatible to both blood and adipose tissue derived stem cells. 26243402 5 61 from form 678:681 arg1 present 654:660 present 654:660 present 654:660 FTIR study indicated that both chitosan and ECM were present in their native form and did not lose their activity. 27842827 0 0 theme carboxymethyl 88:100 arg1 composites 121:130 citric acid crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel composites 64:130 citric acid crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel composites 64:130 Base triggered release of insecticide from bentonite reinforced citric acid crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel composites. 27842827 0 1 theme crosslinked 76:86 arg1 composites 121:130 citric acid crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel composites 64:130 citric acid crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel composites 64:130 Base triggered release of insecticide from bentonite reinforced citric acid crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel composites. 27842827 5 2 theme insects 1103:1109 arg1 control 1092:1098 the efficient control 1078:1098 the efficient control of insects which are having alkaline pH in their gut 1078:1151 These TRFs of thiamethoxam may be useful for the efficient control of insects which are having alkaline pH in their gut. 27842827 1 3 with crosslinking 190:201 arg1 acid 242:245 citric acid 235:245 citric acid 235:245 Biopolymeric clay hydrogels composites, synthesized from crosslinking of carboxymethyl cellulose with citric acid in the presence of bentonite, were used to develop base triggered release formulations (TRFs) of thiamethoxam (3-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene(nitro)amine) through an ex-situ encapsulation technique. 27842827 0 4 theme hydrogel 112:119 arg1 composites 121:130 citric acid crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel composites 64:130 citric acid crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel composites 64:130 Base triggered release of insecticide from bentonite reinforced citric acid crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel composites. 27842827 0 5 theme cellulose 102:110 arg1 composites 121:130 citric acid crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel composites 64:130 citric acid crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel composites 64:130 Base triggered release of insecticide from bentonite reinforced citric acid crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel composites. 27842827 1 6 theme 2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl 361:391 arg1 amine 437:441 3-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene(nitro)amine 358:441 3-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene(nitro)amine 358:441 Biopolymeric clay hydrogels composites, synthesized from crosslinking of carboxymethyl cellulose with citric acid in the presence of bentonite, were used to develop base triggered release formulations (TRFs) of thiamethoxam (3-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene(nitro)amine) through an ex-situ encapsulation technique. 27842827 1 6 theme 2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl 361:391 arg1 thiamethoxam 344:355 thiamethoxam 344:355 thiamethoxam (3-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene(nitro)amine) 344:442 Biopolymeric clay hydrogels composites, synthesized from crosslinking of carboxymethyl cellulose with citric acid in the presence of bentonite, were used to develop base triggered release formulations (TRFs) of thiamethoxam (3-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene(nitro)amine) through an ex-situ encapsulation technique. 27842827 3 7 dep the 719:721 arg1 help 723:726 help 723:726 help 723:726 Triggered release of thiamethoxam from the developed formulations was studied in water (pH 7-11) with the help of HPLC and subjected to kinetics analysis using different models. 27842827 4 8 theme neutral 1005:1011 arg1 condition 1013:1021 neutral condition 1005:1021 neutral condition 1005:1021 The kinetics study showed the release from developed TRFs followed Gallagher-Corrigan equation with an immediate burst release phenomena and higher release rate of thiamethoxam was observed at alkaline pH than neutral condition (pH 7.0). 27842827 0 9 from bentonite 43:51 arg1 release 15:21 Base triggered release 0:21 Base triggered release of insecticide from bentonite 0:51 Base triggered release of insecticide from bentonite reinforced citric acid crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel composites. 27842827 2 10 theme 1H 574:575 arg1 NMR 577:579 1H NMR 574:579 1H NMR 574:579 Hydrogels, hydrogel-bentonite composites and their formulations were characterized by 1H NMR, IR spectroscopy, XRD, and SEM-EDS. 27842827 1 11 theme -5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene 393:429 arg1 amine 437:441 3-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene(nitro)amine 358:441 3-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene(nitro)amine 358:441 Biopolymeric clay hydrogels composites, synthesized from crosslinking of carboxymethyl cellulose with citric acid in the presence of bentonite, were used to develop base triggered release formulations (TRFs) of thiamethoxam (3-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene(nitro)amine) through an ex-situ encapsulation technique. 27842827 1 11 theme -5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene 393:429 arg1 thiamethoxam 344:355 thiamethoxam 344:355 thiamethoxam (3-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene(nitro)amine) 344:442 Biopolymeric clay hydrogels composites, synthesized from crosslinking of carboxymethyl cellulose with citric acid in the presence of bentonite, were used to develop base triggered release formulations (TRFs) of thiamethoxam (3-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene(nitro)amine) through an ex-situ encapsulation technique. 27842827 4 12 theme kinetics 799:806 arg1 study 808:812 The kinetics study 795:812 The kinetics study 795:812 The kinetics study showed the release from developed TRFs followed Gallagher-Corrigan equation with an immediate burst release phenomena and higher release rate of thiamethoxam was observed at alkaline pH than neutral condition (pH 7.0). 27842827 3 13 from formulations 670:681 arg1 release 627:633 Triggered release 617:633 Triggered release of thiamethoxam from the developed formulations 617:681 Triggered release of thiamethoxam from the developed formulations was studied in water (pH 7-11) with the help of HPLC and subjected to kinetics analysis using different models. 27842827 1 14 theme carboxymethyl 206:218 arg1 cellulose 220:228 carboxymethyl cellulose 206:228 carboxymethyl cellulose 206:228 Biopolymeric clay hydrogels composites, synthesized from crosslinking of carboxymethyl cellulose with citric acid in the presence of bentonite, were used to develop base triggered release formulations (TRFs) of thiamethoxam (3-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene(nitro)amine) through an ex-situ encapsulation technique. 27842827 0 15 theme triggered 5:13 arg1 release 15:21 Base triggered release 0:21 Base triggered release of insecticide from bentonite 0:51 Base triggered release of insecticide from bentonite reinforced citric acid crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel composites. 27842827 4 16 theme immediate 898:906 arg1 release 914:920 an immediate burst release 895:920 an immediate burst release phenomena 895:930 The kinetics study showed the release from developed TRFs followed Gallagher-Corrigan equation with an immediate burst release phenomena and higher release rate of thiamethoxam was observed at alkaline pH than neutral condition (pH 7.0). 27842827 3 17 theme different 777:785 arg1 models 787:792 different models 777:792 different models 777:792 Triggered release of thiamethoxam from the developed formulations was studied in water (pH 7-11) with the help of HPLC and subjected to kinetics analysis using different models. 27842827 3 18 theme kinetics 753:760 arg1 analysis 762:769 kinetics analysis 753:769 kinetics analysis 753:769 Triggered release of thiamethoxam from the developed formulations was studied in water (pH 7-11) with the help of HPLC and subjected to kinetics analysis using different models. 27842827 1 19 theme cellulose 220:228 arg1 crosslinking 190:201 crosslinking 190:201 crosslinking of carboxymethyl cellulose with citric acid 190:245 Biopolymeric clay hydrogels composites, synthesized from crosslinking of carboxymethyl cellulose with citric acid in the presence of bentonite, were used to develop base triggered release formulations (TRFs) of thiamethoxam (3-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene(nitro)amine) through an ex-situ encapsulation technique. 27842827 0 20 theme Base 0:3 arg1 release 15:21 Base triggered release 0:21 Base triggered release of insecticide from bentonite 0:51 Base triggered release of insecticide from bentonite reinforced citric acid crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel composites. 27842827 1 21 theme base 298:301 arg1 TRFs 335:338 TRFs 335:338 TRFs 335:338 Biopolymeric clay hydrogels composites, synthesized from crosslinking of carboxymethyl cellulose with citric acid in the presence of bentonite, were used to develop base triggered release formulations (TRFs) of thiamethoxam (3-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene(nitro)amine) through an ex-situ encapsulation technique. 27842827 1 21 theme base 298:301 arg1 formulations 321:332 base triggered release formulations 298:332 base triggered release formulations (TRFs) of thiamethoxam (3-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene(nitro)amine) 298:442 Biopolymeric clay hydrogels composites, synthesized from crosslinking of carboxymethyl cellulose with citric acid in the presence of bentonite, were used to develop base triggered release formulations (TRFs) of thiamethoxam (3-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene(nitro)amine) through an ex-situ encapsulation technique. 27842827 5 22 theme efficient 1082:1090 arg1 control 1092:1098 the efficient control 1078:1098 the efficient control of insects which are having alkaline pH in their gut 1078:1151 These TRFs of thiamethoxam may be useful for the efficient control of insects which are having alkaline pH in their gut. 27842827 0 23 dep crosslinked 76:86 arg1 acid 71:74 citric acid 64:74 citric acid 64:74 Base triggered release of insecticide from bentonite reinforced citric acid crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel composites. 27842827 4 24 theme burst 908:912 arg1 release 914:920 an immediate burst release 895:920 an immediate burst release phenomena 895:930 The kinetics study showed the release from developed TRFs followed Gallagher-Corrigan equation with an immediate burst release phenomena and higher release rate of thiamethoxam was observed at alkaline pH than neutral condition (pH 7.0). 27842827 1 25 theme triggered 303:311 arg1 TRFs 335:338 TRFs 335:338 TRFs 335:338 Biopolymeric clay hydrogels composites, synthesized from crosslinking of carboxymethyl cellulose with citric acid in the presence of bentonite, were used to develop base triggered release formulations (TRFs) of thiamethoxam (3-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene(nitro)amine) through an ex-situ encapsulation technique. 27842827 1 25 theme triggered 303:311 arg1 formulations 321:332 base triggered release formulations 298:332 base triggered release formulations (TRFs) of thiamethoxam (3-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene(nitro)amine) 298:442 Biopolymeric clay hydrogels composites, synthesized from crosslinking of carboxymethyl cellulose with citric acid in the presence of bentonite, were used to develop base triggered release formulations (TRFs) of thiamethoxam (3-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene(nitro)amine) through an ex-situ encapsulation technique. 27842827 1 26 theme citric 235:240 arg1 acid 242:245 citric acid 235:245 citric acid 235:245 Biopolymeric clay hydrogels composites, synthesized from crosslinking of carboxymethyl cellulose with citric acid in the presence of bentonite, were used to develop base triggered release formulations (TRFs) of thiamethoxam (3-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene(nitro)amine) through an ex-situ encapsulation technique. 27842827 3 27 theme Triggered 617:625 arg1 release 627:633 Triggered release 617:633 Triggered release of thiamethoxam from the developed formulations 617:681 Triggered release of thiamethoxam from the developed formulations was studied in water (pH 7-11) with the help of HPLC and subjected to kinetics analysis using different models. 27842827 1 28 theme release 313:319 arg1 TRFs 335:338 TRFs 335:338 TRFs 335:338 Biopolymeric clay hydrogels composites, synthesized from crosslinking of carboxymethyl cellulose with citric acid in the presence of bentonite, were used to develop base triggered release formulations (TRFs) of thiamethoxam (3-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene(nitro)amine) through an ex-situ encapsulation technique. 27842827 1 28 theme release 313:319 arg1 formulations 321:332 base triggered release formulations 298:332 base triggered release formulations (TRFs) of thiamethoxam (3-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene(nitro)amine) 298:442 Biopolymeric clay hydrogels composites, synthesized from crosslinking of carboxymethyl cellulose with citric acid in the presence of bentonite, were used to develop base triggered release formulations (TRFs) of thiamethoxam (3-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene(nitro)amine) through an ex-situ encapsulation technique. 27842827 4 29 theme thiamethoxam 959:970 arg1 rate 951:954 higher release rate 936:954 higher release rate of thiamethoxam 936:970 The kinetics study showed the release from developed TRFs followed Gallagher-Corrigan equation with an immediate burst release phenomena and higher release rate of thiamethoxam was observed at alkaline pH than neutral condition (pH 7.0). 27842827 1 30 theme nitro 431:435 arg1 amine 437:441 3-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene(nitro)amine 358:441 3-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene(nitro)amine 358:441 Biopolymeric clay hydrogels composites, synthesized from crosslinking of carboxymethyl cellulose with citric acid in the presence of bentonite, were used to develop base triggered release formulations (TRFs) of thiamethoxam (3-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene(nitro)amine) through an ex-situ encapsulation technique. 27842827 1 30 theme nitro 431:435 arg1 thiamethoxam 344:355 thiamethoxam 344:355 thiamethoxam (3-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene(nitro)amine) 344:442 Biopolymeric clay hydrogels composites, synthesized from crosslinking of carboxymethyl cellulose with citric acid in the presence of bentonite, were used to develop base triggered release formulations (TRFs) of thiamethoxam (3-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene(nitro)amine) through an ex-situ encapsulation technique. 27842827 5 31 theme alkaline 1128:1135 arg1 pH 1137:1138 alkaline pH 1128:1138 alkaline pH in their gut 1128:1151 These TRFs of thiamethoxam may be useful for the efficient control of insects which are having alkaline pH in their gut. 27842827 3 32 theme thiamethoxam 638:649 arg1 release 627:633 Triggered release 617:633 Triggered release of thiamethoxam from the developed formulations 617:681 Triggered release of thiamethoxam from the developed formulations was studied in water (pH 7-11) with the help of HPLC and subjected to kinetics analysis using different models. 27842827 4 33 dep showed 814:819 arg1 followed 853:860 followed 853:860 showed the release from developed TRFs followed Gallagher-Corrigan equation with an immediate burst release phenomena 814:930 The kinetics study showed the release from developed TRFs followed Gallagher-Corrigan equation with an immediate burst release phenomena and higher release rate of thiamethoxam was observed at alkaline pH than neutral condition (pH 7.0). 27842827 0 34 theme insecticide 26:36 arg1 release 15:21 Base triggered release 0:21 Base triggered release of insecticide from bentonite 0:51 Base triggered release of insecticide from bentonite reinforced citric acid crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel composites. 27842827 1 35 used used 282:285 arg2 composites 161:170 Biopolymeric clay hydrogels composites 133:170 Biopolymeric clay hydrogels composites 133:170 Biopolymeric clay hydrogels composites, synthesized from crosslinking of carboxymethyl cellulose with citric acid in the presence of bentonite, were used to develop base triggered release formulations (TRFs) of thiamethoxam (3-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene(nitro)amine) through an ex-situ encapsulation technique. 27842827 4 36 theme developed 838:846 arg1 TRFs 848:851 developed TRFs 838:851 developed TRFs 838:851 The kinetics study showed the release from developed TRFs followed Gallagher-Corrigan equation with an immediate burst release phenomena and higher release rate of thiamethoxam was observed at alkaline pH than neutral condition (pH 7.0). 27842827 4 37 dep release 914:920 arg1 phenomena 922:930 phenomena 922:930 an immediate burst release phenomena 895:930 The kinetics study showed the release from developed TRFs followed Gallagher-Corrigan equation with an immediate burst release phenomena and higher release rate of thiamethoxam was observed at alkaline pH than neutral condition (pH 7.0). 27842827 2 38 theme IR 582:583 arg1 spectroscopy 585:596 IR spectroscopy 582:596 IR spectroscopy 582:596 Hydrogels, hydrogel-bentonite composites and their formulations were characterized by 1H NMR, IR spectroscopy, XRD, and SEM-EDS. 27842827 4 39 theme release 943:949 arg1 rate 951:954 higher release rate 936:954 higher release rate of thiamethoxam 936:970 The kinetics study showed the release from developed TRFs followed Gallagher-Corrigan equation with an immediate burst release phenomena and higher release rate of thiamethoxam was observed at alkaline pH than neutral condition (pH 7.0). 27842827 4 40 theme Gallagher-Corrigan 862:879 arg1 equation 881:888 Gallagher-Corrigan equation 862:888 Gallagher-Corrigan equation 862:888 The kinetics study showed the release from developed TRFs followed Gallagher-Corrigan equation with an immediate burst release phenomena and higher release rate of thiamethoxam was observed at alkaline pH than neutral condition (pH 7.0). 27842827 0 41 link crosslinked 76:86 arg1 composites 121:130 citric acid crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel composites 64:130 citric acid crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel composites 64:130 Base triggered release of insecticide from bentonite reinforced citric acid crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel composites. 27842827 1 42 theme Biopolymeric 133:144 arg1 composites 161:170 Biopolymeric clay hydrogels composites 133:170 Biopolymeric clay hydrogels composites 133:170 Biopolymeric clay hydrogels composites, synthesized from crosslinking of carboxymethyl cellulose with citric acid in the presence of bentonite, were used to develop base triggered release formulations (TRFs) of thiamethoxam (3-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene(nitro)amine) through an ex-situ encapsulation technique. 27842827 2 43 theme hydrogel-bentonite 499:516 arg1 composites 518:527 hydrogel-bentonite composites 499:527 hydrogel-bentonite composites 499:527 Hydrogels, hydrogel-bentonite composites and their formulations were characterized by 1H NMR, IR spectroscopy, XRD, and SEM-EDS. 27842827 4 44 theme higher 936:941 arg1 rate 951:954 higher release rate 936:954 higher release rate of thiamethoxam 936:970 The kinetics study showed the release from developed TRFs followed Gallagher-Corrigan equation with an immediate burst release phenomena and higher release rate of thiamethoxam was observed at alkaline pH than neutral condition (pH 7.0). 27842827 4 45 from TRFs 848:851 arg1 release 825:831 the release 821:831 the release from developed TRFs 821:851 The kinetics study showed the release from developed TRFs followed Gallagher-Corrigan equation with an immediate burst release phenomena and higher release rate of thiamethoxam was observed at alkaline pH than neutral condition (pH 7.0). 27842827 1 46 theme clay 146:149 arg1 composites 161:170 Biopolymeric clay hydrogels composites 133:170 Biopolymeric clay hydrogels composites 133:170 Biopolymeric clay hydrogels composites, synthesized from crosslinking of carboxymethyl cellulose with citric acid in the presence of bentonite, were used to develop base triggered release formulations (TRFs) of thiamethoxam (3-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene(nitro)amine) through an ex-situ encapsulation technique. 27842827 5 47 theme thiamethoxam 1047:1058 arg1 TRFs 1039:1042 These TRFs 1033:1042 These TRFs of thiamethoxam 1033:1058 These TRFs of thiamethoxam may be useful for the efficient control of insects which are having alkaline pH in their gut. 27842827 1 48 theme hydrogels 151:159 arg1 composites 161:170 Biopolymeric clay hydrogels composites 133:170 Biopolymeric clay hydrogels composites 133:170 Biopolymeric clay hydrogels composites, synthesized from crosslinking of carboxymethyl cellulose with citric acid in the presence of bentonite, were used to develop base triggered release formulations (TRFs) of thiamethoxam (3-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene(nitro)amine) through an ex-situ encapsulation technique. 27842827 1 49 theme ex-situ 455:461 arg1 technique 477:485 an ex-situ encapsulation technique 452:485 an ex-situ encapsulation technique 452:485 Biopolymeric clay hydrogels composites, synthesized from crosslinking of carboxymethyl cellulose with citric acid in the presence of bentonite, were used to develop base triggered release formulations (TRFs) of thiamethoxam (3-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene(nitro)amine) through an ex-situ encapsulation technique. 27842827 4 50 located observed 976:983 arg1 pH 1024:1025 pH 7.0 1024:1029 pH 7.0 1024:1029 The kinetics study showed the release from developed TRFs followed Gallagher-Corrigan equation with an immediate burst release phenomena and higher release rate of thiamethoxam was observed at alkaline pH than neutral condition (pH 7.0). 27842827 4 50 located observed 976:983 arg1 pH 997:998 alkaline pH 988:998 alkaline pH than neutral condition (pH 7.0) 988:1030 The kinetics study showed the release from developed TRFs followed Gallagher-Corrigan equation with an immediate burst release phenomena and higher release rate of thiamethoxam was observed at alkaline pH than neutral condition (pH 7.0). 27842827 4 50 located observed 976:983 arg2 rate 951:954 higher release rate 936:954 higher release rate of thiamethoxam 936:970 The kinetics study showed the release from developed TRFs followed Gallagher-Corrigan equation with an immediate burst release phenomena and higher release rate of thiamethoxam was observed at alkaline pH than neutral condition (pH 7.0). 27842827 5 51 from pH 1137:1138 arg1 gut 1149:1151 their gut 1143:1151 their gut 1143:1151 These TRFs of thiamethoxam may be useful for the efficient control of insects which are having alkaline pH in their gut. 27842827 1 52 theme encapsulation 463:475 arg1 technique 477:485 an ex-situ encapsulation technique 452:485 an ex-situ encapsulation technique 452:485 Biopolymeric clay hydrogels composites, synthesized from crosslinking of carboxymethyl cellulose with citric acid in the presence of bentonite, were used to develop base triggered release formulations (TRFs) of thiamethoxam (3-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene(nitro)amine) through an ex-situ encapsulation technique. 27842827 1 53 theme bentonite 266:274 arg1 presence 254:261 the presence 250:261 the presence of bentonite 250:274 Biopolymeric clay hydrogels composites, synthesized from crosslinking of carboxymethyl cellulose with citric acid in the presence of bentonite, were used to develop base triggered release formulations (TRFs) of thiamethoxam (3-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene(nitro)amine) through an ex-situ encapsulation technique. 27842827 0 54 theme citric 64:69 arg1 acid 71:74 citric acid 64:74 citric acid 64:74 Base triggered release of insecticide from bentonite reinforced citric acid crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel composites. 27842827 1 55 theme thiamethoxam 344:355 arg1 TRFs 335:338 TRFs 335:338 TRFs 335:338 Biopolymeric clay hydrogels composites, synthesized from crosslinking of carboxymethyl cellulose with citric acid in the presence of bentonite, were used to develop base triggered release formulations (TRFs) of thiamethoxam (3-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene(nitro)amine) through an ex-situ encapsulation technique. 27842827 1 55 theme thiamethoxam 344:355 arg1 formulations 321:332 base triggered release formulations 298:332 base triggered release formulations (TRFs) of thiamethoxam (3-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene(nitro)amine) 298:442 Biopolymeric clay hydrogels composites, synthesized from crosslinking of carboxymethyl cellulose with citric acid in the presence of bentonite, were used to develop base triggered release formulations (TRFs) of thiamethoxam (3-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene(nitro)amine) through an ex-situ encapsulation technique. 27842827 3 56 theme developed 660:668 arg1 formulations 670:681 the developed formulations 656:681 the developed formulations 656:681 Triggered release of thiamethoxam from the developed formulations was studied in water (pH 7-11) with the help of HPLC and subjected to kinetics analysis using different models. 27842827 4 57 theme alkaline 988:995 arg1 pH 1024:1025 pH 7.0 1024:1029 pH 7.0 1024:1029 The kinetics study showed the release from developed TRFs followed Gallagher-Corrigan equation with an immediate burst release phenomena and higher release rate of thiamethoxam was observed at alkaline pH than neutral condition (pH 7.0). 27842827 4 57 theme alkaline 988:995 arg1 pH 997:998 alkaline pH 988:998 alkaline pH than neutral condition (pH 7.0) 988:1030 The kinetics study showed the release from developed TRFs followed Gallagher-Corrigan equation with an immediate burst release phenomena and higher release rate of thiamethoxam was observed at alkaline pH than neutral condition (pH 7.0). 25763925 3 0 theme biodegradation 775:788 arg1 process 790:796 the biodegradation process 771:796 the biodegradation process 771:796 Neat PHB, bacterial cellulose, and a composite of PHB/BC produced with 10 wt % cellulose were composted under accelerated aerobic test conditions, with biodegradability measured by the carbon dioxide evolution method, in conjunction with spectroscopic and diffraction methods to assess crystallinity changes during the biodegradation process. 25763925 4 1 theme % 896:896 arg1 degradation 898:908 80% degradation 894:908 80% degradation 894:908 The PHB/BC composite biodegraded at a greater rate and extent than that of PHB alone, reaching 80% degradation after 30 days, whereas PHB did not reach this level of degradation until close to 50 days of composting. 25763925 5 2 theme amorphous 1184:1192 arg1 region 1194:1199 the amorphous region 1180:1199 the amorphous region of the material 1180:1215 The relative crystallinity of PHB and PHB in the PHB/BC composite was found to increase in the initial weeks of degradation, with degradation occurring primarily in the amorphous region of the material and some recrystallization of the amorphous PHB. 25763925 5 3 theme initial 1110:1116 arg1 weeks 1118:1122 the initial weeks 1106:1122 the initial weeks of degradation 1106:1137 The relative crystallinity of PHB and PHB in the PHB/BC composite was found to increase in the initial weeks of degradation, with degradation occurring primarily in the amorphous region of the material and some recrystallization of the amorphous PHB. 25763925 3 4 theme diffraction 712:722 arg1 methods 724:730 spectroscopic and diffraction methods 694:730 methods 724:730 Neat PHB, bacterial cellulose, and a composite of PHB/BC produced with 10 wt % cellulose were composted under accelerated aerobic test conditions, with biodegradability measured by the carbon dioxide evolution method, in conjunction with spectroscopic and diffraction methods to assess crystallinity changes during the biodegradation process. 25763925 4 5 theme 80 894:895 arg1 % 896:896 % 896:896 % 896:896 The PHB/BC composite biodegraded at a greater rate and extent than that of PHB alone, reaching 80% degradation after 30 days, whereas PHB did not reach this level of degradation until close to 50 days of composting. 25763925 7 6 theme single-use 1504:1513 arg1 applications 1515:1526 single-use applications 1504:1526 single-use applications 1504:1526 The increased rate of biodegradability suggests that these materials could be applicable to single-use applications and could rapidly biodegrade in compost on disposal. 25763925 5 7 theme amorphous 1251:1259 arg1 PHB 1261:1263 the amorphous PHB 1247:1263 the amorphous PHB 1247:1263 The relative crystallinity of PHB and PHB in the PHB/BC composite was found to increase in the initial weeks of degradation, with degradation occurring primarily in the amorphous region of the material and some recrystallization of the amorphous PHB. 25763925 6 8 theme X-ray 1278:1282 arg1 scattering 1284:1293 Small angle X-ray scattering 1266:1293 Small angle X-ray scattering 1266:1293 Small angle X-ray scattering indicates that the change in PHB crystallinity is accompanied by a change in morphology of semicrystalline lamellae. 25763925 0 9 theme Carbon 126:131 arg1 Dioxide 133:139 Carbon Dioxide 126:139 Carbon Dioxide 126:139 Biodegradability of Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate/Bacterial Cellulose Composites under Aerobic Conditions, Measured via Evolution of Carbon Dioxide and Spectroscopic and Diffraction Methods. 25763925 6 10 theme Small 1266:1270 arg1 scattering 1284:1293 Small angle X-ray scattering 1266:1293 Small angle X-ray scattering 1266:1293 Small angle X-ray scattering indicates that the change in PHB crystallinity is accompanied by a change in morphology of semicrystalline lamellae. 25763925 5 11 theme PHB 1261:1263 arg1 region 1194:1199 the amorphous region 1180:1199 the amorphous region of the material 1180:1215 The relative crystallinity of PHB and PHB in the PHB/BC composite was found to increase in the initial weeks of degradation, with degradation occurring primarily in the amorphous region of the material and some recrystallization of the amorphous PHB. 25763925 5 11 theme PHB 1261:1263 arg1 recrystallization 1226:1242 some recrystallization 1221:1242 some recrystallization of the amorphous PHB 1221:1263 The relative crystallinity of PHB and PHB in the PHB/BC composite was found to increase in the initial weeks of degradation, with degradation occurring primarily in the amorphous region of the material and some recrystallization of the amorphous PHB. 25763925 7 12 theme biodegradability 1434:1449 arg1 rate 1426:1429 The increased rate 1412:1429 The increased rate of biodegradability 1412:1449 The increased rate of biodegradability suggests that these materials could be applicable to single-use applications and could rapidly biodegrade in compost on disposal. 25763925 4 13 theme PHB/BC 803:808 arg1 composite 810:818 The PHB/BC composite 799:818 The PHB/BC composite 799:818 The PHB/BC composite biodegraded at a greater rate and extent than that of PHB alone, reaching 80% degradation after 30 days, whereas PHB did not reach this level of degradation until close to 50 days of composting. 25763925 3 14 with conjunction 677:687 arg1 methods 724:730 spectroscopic and diffraction methods 694:730 methods 724:730 Neat PHB, bacterial cellulose, and a composite of PHB/BC produced with 10 wt % cellulose were composted under accelerated aerobic test conditions, with biodegradability measured by the carbon dioxide evolution method, in conjunction with spectroscopic and diffraction methods to assess crystallinity changes during the biodegradation process. 25763925 4 15 theme degradation 965:975 arg1 level 956:960 this level 951:960 this level of degradation 951:975 The PHB/BC composite biodegraded at a greater rate and extent than that of PHB alone, reaching 80% degradation after 30 days, whereas PHB did not reach this level of degradation until close to 50 days of composting. 25763925 3 16 theme PHB/BC 506:511 arg1 PHB/BC 506:511 PHB/BC 506:511 PHB/BC produced with 10 wt % cellulose 506:543 Neat PHB, bacterial cellulose, and a composite of PHB/BC produced with 10 wt % cellulose were composted under accelerated aerobic test conditions, with biodegradability measured by the carbon dioxide evolution method, in conjunction with spectroscopic and diffraction methods to assess crystallinity changes during the biodegradation process. 25763925 3 16 theme PHB/BC 506:511 arg1 composite 493:501 a composite 491:501 a composite of PHB/BC produced with 10 wt % cellulose 491:543 Neat PHB, bacterial cellulose, and a composite of PHB/BC produced with 10 wt % cellulose were composted under accelerated aerobic test conditions, with biodegradability measured by the carbon dioxide evolution method, in conjunction with spectroscopic and diffraction methods to assess crystallinity changes during the biodegradation process. 25763925 3 16 theme PHB/BC 506:511 arg1 PHB 461:463 Neat PHB 456:463 Neat PHB 456:463 Neat PHB, bacterial cellulose, and a composite of PHB/BC produced with 10 wt % cellulose were composted under accelerated aerobic test conditions, with biodegradability measured by the carbon dioxide evolution method, in conjunction with spectroscopic and diffraction methods to assess crystallinity changes during the biodegradation process. 25763925 3 16 theme PHB/BC 506:511 arg1 cellulose 476:484 bacterial cellulose 466:484 bacterial cellulose 466:484 Neat PHB, bacterial cellulose, and a composite of PHB/BC produced with 10 wt % cellulose were composted under accelerated aerobic test conditions, with biodegradability measured by the carbon dioxide evolution method, in conjunction with spectroscopic and diffraction methods to assess crystallinity changes during the biodegradation process. 25763925 6 17 from change 1362:1367 arg1 morphology 1372:1381 morphology 1372:1381 morphology of semicrystalline lamellae 1372:1409 Small angle X-ray scattering indicates that the change in PHB crystallinity is accompanied by a change in morphology of semicrystalline lamellae. 25763925 3 18 theme Neat 456:459 arg1 PHB 461:463 Neat PHB 456:463 Neat PHB 456:463 Neat PHB, bacterial cellulose, and a composite of PHB/BC produced with 10 wt % cellulose were composted under accelerated aerobic test conditions, with biodegradability measured by the carbon dioxide evolution method, in conjunction with spectroscopic and diffraction methods to assess crystallinity changes during the biodegradation process. 25763925 2 19 theme effective 423:431 arg1 reinforcement 433:445 an effective reinforcement 420:445 an effective reinforcement for PHB 420:453 In particular, the nanofibrillar form of bacterial cellulose makes it an effective reinforcement for PHB. 25763925 0 20 theme Dioxide 133:139 arg1 Evolution 113:121 Evolution 113:121 Evolution of Carbon Dioxide and Spectroscopic and Diffraction Methods 113:181 Biodegradability of Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate/Bacterial Cellulose Composites under Aerobic Conditions, Measured via Evolution of Carbon Dioxide and Spectroscopic and Diffraction Methods. 25763925 3 21 theme crystallinity 742:754 arg1 changes 756:762 crystallinity changes 742:762 crystallinity changes 742:762 Neat PHB, bacterial cellulose, and a composite of PHB/BC produced with 10 wt % cellulose were composted under accelerated aerobic test conditions, with biodegradability measured by the carbon dioxide evolution method, in conjunction with spectroscopic and diffraction methods to assess crystallinity changes during the biodegradation process. 25763925 3 22 theme bacterial 466:474 arg1 cellulose 476:484 bacterial cellulose 466:484 bacterial cellulose 466:484 Neat PHB, bacterial cellulose, and a composite of PHB/BC produced with 10 wt % cellulose were composted under accelerated aerobic test conditions, with biodegradability measured by the carbon dioxide evolution method, in conjunction with spectroscopic and diffraction methods to assess crystallinity changes during the biodegradation process. 25763925 3 23 theme test 586:589 arg1 conditions 591:600 accelerated aerobic test conditions 566:600 accelerated aerobic test conditions 566:600 Neat PHB, bacterial cellulose, and a composite of PHB/BC produced with 10 wt % cellulose were composted under accelerated aerobic test conditions, with biodegradability measured by the carbon dioxide evolution method, in conjunction with spectroscopic and diffraction methods to assess crystallinity changes during the biodegradation process. 25763925 4 24 dep biodegraded 820:830 arg1 whereas 925:931 whereas 925:931 whereas 925:931 The PHB/BC composite biodegraded at a greater rate and extent than that of PHB alone, reaching 80% degradation after 30 days, whereas PHB did not reach this level of degradation until close to 50 days of composting. 25763925 1 25 theme bacterial 217:225 arg1 BC 238:239 BC 238:239 BC 238:239 Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and bacterial cellulose (BC) are both natural polymeric materials that have the potential to replace traditional, nonrenewable polymers. 25763925 1 25 theme bacterial 217:225 arg1 cellulose 227:235 bacterial cellulose 217:235 bacterial cellulose (BC) 217:240 Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and bacterial cellulose (BC) are both natural polymeric materials that have the potential to replace traditional, nonrenewable polymers. 25763925 1 25 theme bacterial 217:225 arg1 materials 269:277 both natural polymeric materials 246:277 both natural polymeric materials that have the potential to replace traditional, nonrenewable polymers 246:347 Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and bacterial cellulose (BC) are both natural polymeric materials that have the potential to replace traditional, nonrenewable polymers. 25763925 1 25 theme bacterial 217:225 arg1 Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate 184:205 Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate 184:205 Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) 184:211 Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and bacterial cellulose (BC) are both natural polymeric materials that have the potential to replace traditional, nonrenewable polymers. 25763925 5 26 theme PHB 1045:1047 arg1 crystallinity 1028:1040 The relative crystallinity 1015:1040 The relative crystallinity of PHB and PHB in the PHB/BC composite 1015:1079 The relative crystallinity of PHB and PHB in the PHB/BC composite was found to increase in the initial weeks of degradation, with degradation occurring primarily in the amorphous region of the material and some recrystallization of the amorphous PHB. 25763925 5 27 from crystallinity 1028:1040 arg1 composite 1071:1079 the PHB/BC composite 1060:1079 the PHB/BC composite 1060:1079 The relative crystallinity of PHB and PHB in the PHB/BC composite was found to increase in the initial weeks of degradation, with degradation occurring primarily in the amorphous region of the material and some recrystallization of the amorphous PHB. 25763925 6 28 theme angle 1272:1276 arg1 scattering 1284:1293 Small angle X-ray scattering 1266:1293 Small angle X-ray scattering 1266:1293 Small angle X-ray scattering indicates that the change in PHB crystallinity is accompanied by a change in morphology of semicrystalline lamellae. 25763925 0 29 theme Cellulose 53:61 arg1 Composites 63:72 Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate/Bacterial Cellulose Composites 20:72 Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate/Bacterial Cellulose Composites 20:72 Biodegradability of Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate/Bacterial Cellulose Composites under Aerobic Conditions, Measured via Evolution of Carbon Dioxide and Spectroscopic and Diffraction Methods. 25763925 6 30 from change 1314:1319 arg1 crystallinity 1328:1340 PHB crystallinity 1324:1340 PHB crystallinity 1324:1340 Small angle X-ray scattering indicates that the change in PHB crystallinity is accompanied by a change in morphology of semicrystalline lamellae. 25763925 3 31 theme accelerated 566:576 arg1 conditions 591:600 accelerated aerobic test conditions 566:600 accelerated aerobic test conditions 566:600 Neat PHB, bacterial cellulose, and a composite of PHB/BC produced with 10 wt % cellulose were composted under accelerated aerobic test conditions, with biodegradability measured by the carbon dioxide evolution method, in conjunction with spectroscopic and diffraction methods to assess crystallinity changes during the biodegradation process. 25763925 0 32 theme Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate/Bacterial 20:51 arg1 Composites 63:72 Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate/Bacterial Cellulose Composites 20:72 Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate/Bacterial Cellulose Composites 20:72 Biodegradability of Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate/Bacterial Cellulose Composites under Aerobic Conditions, Measured via Evolution of Carbon Dioxide and Spectroscopic and Diffraction Methods. 25763925 1 33 theme traditional 314:324 arg1 polymers 340:347 traditional, nonrenewable polymers 314:347 traditional, nonrenewable polymers 314:347 Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and bacterial cellulose (BC) are both natural polymeric materials that have the potential to replace traditional, nonrenewable polymers. 25763925 0 34 theme Spectroscopic 145:157 arg1 Methods 175:181 Spectroscopic and Diffraction Methods 145:181 Spectroscopic and Diffraction Methods 145:181 Biodegradability of Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate/Bacterial Cellulose Composites under Aerobic Conditions, Measured via Evolution of Carbon Dioxide and Spectroscopic and Diffraction Methods. 25763925 3 35 theme aerobic 578:584 arg1 conditions 591:600 accelerated aerobic test conditions 566:600 accelerated aerobic test conditions 566:600 Neat PHB, bacterial cellulose, and a composite of PHB/BC produced with 10 wt % cellulose were composted under accelerated aerobic test conditions, with biodegradability measured by the carbon dioxide evolution method, in conjunction with spectroscopic and diffraction methods to assess crystallinity changes during the biodegradation process. 25763925 3 36 theme wt 530:531 arg1 cellulose 535:543 10 wt % cellulose 527:543 10 wt % cellulose 527:543 Neat PHB, bacterial cellulose, and a composite of PHB/BC produced with 10 wt % cellulose were composted under accelerated aerobic test conditions, with biodegradability measured by the carbon dioxide evolution method, in conjunction with spectroscopic and diffraction methods to assess crystallinity changes during the biodegradation process. 25763925 6 37 theme PHB 1324:1326 arg1 crystallinity 1328:1340 PHB crystallinity 1324:1340 PHB crystallinity 1324:1340 Small angle X-ray scattering indicates that the change in PHB crystallinity is accompanied by a change in morphology of semicrystalline lamellae. 25763925 0 38 theme Methods 175:181 arg1 Evolution 113:121 Evolution 113:121 Evolution of Carbon Dioxide and Spectroscopic and Diffraction Methods 113:181 Biodegradability of Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate/Bacterial Cellulose Composites under Aerobic Conditions, Measured via Evolution of Carbon Dioxide and Spectroscopic and Diffraction Methods. 25763925 5 39 theme PHB/BC 1064:1069 arg1 composite 1071:1079 the PHB/BC composite 1060:1079 the PHB/BC composite 1060:1079 The relative crystallinity of PHB and PHB in the PHB/BC composite was found to increase in the initial weeks of degradation, with degradation occurring primarily in the amorphous region of the material and some recrystallization of the amorphous PHB. 25763925 0 40 theme Composites 63:72 arg1 Biodegradability 0:15 Biodegradability 0:15 Biodegradability of Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate/Bacterial Cellulose Composites 0:72 Biodegradability of Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate/Bacterial Cellulose Composites under Aerobic Conditions, Measured via Evolution of Carbon Dioxide and Spectroscopic and Diffraction Methods. 25763925 4 41 theme composting 1003:1012 arg1 days 995:998 close to 50 days 983:998 close to 50 days of composting 983:1012 The PHB/BC composite biodegraded at a greater rate and extent than that of PHB alone, reaching 80% degradation after 30 days, whereas PHB did not reach this level of degradation until close to 50 days of composting. 25763925 0 42 theme Diffraction 163:173 arg1 Methods 175:181 Spectroscopic and Diffraction Methods 145:181 Spectroscopic and Diffraction Methods 145:181 Biodegradability of Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate/Bacterial Cellulose Composites under Aerobic Conditions, Measured via Evolution of Carbon Dioxide and Spectroscopic and Diffraction Methods. 25763925 3 43 theme evolution 656:664 arg1 method 666:671 the carbon dioxide evolution method 637:671 the carbon dioxide evolution method 637:671 Neat PHB, bacterial cellulose, and a composite of PHB/BC produced with 10 wt % cellulose were composted under accelerated aerobic test conditions, with biodegradability measured by the carbon dioxide evolution method, in conjunction with spectroscopic and diffraction methods to assess crystallinity changes during the biodegradation process. 25763925 5 44 theme relative 1019:1026 arg1 crystallinity 1028:1040 The relative crystallinity 1015:1040 The relative crystallinity of PHB and PHB in the PHB/BC composite 1015:1079 The relative crystallinity of PHB and PHB in the PHB/BC composite was found to increase in the initial weeks of degradation, with degradation occurring primarily in the amorphous region of the material and some recrystallization of the amorphous PHB. 25763925 6 45 theme lamellae 1402:1409 arg1 morphology 1372:1381 morphology 1372:1381 morphology of semicrystalline lamellae 1372:1409 Small angle X-ray scattering indicates that the change in PHB crystallinity is accompanied by a change in morphology of semicrystalline lamellae. 25763925 5 46 theme degradation 1127:1137 arg1 weeks 1118:1122 the initial weeks 1106:1122 the initial weeks of degradation 1106:1137 The relative crystallinity of PHB and PHB in the PHB/BC composite was found to increase in the initial weeks of degradation, with degradation occurring primarily in the amorphous region of the material and some recrystallization of the amorphous PHB. 25763925 4 47 dep 50 992:993 arg1 to 989:990 to 989:990 to 989:990 The PHB/BC composite biodegraded at a greater rate and extent than that of PHB alone, reaching 80% degradation after 30 days, whereas PHB did not reach this level of degradation until close to 50 days of composting. 25763925 2 48 theme nanofibrillar 369:381 arg1 form 383:386 the nanofibrillar form 365:386 the nanofibrillar form of bacterial cellulose 365:409 In particular, the nanofibrillar form of bacterial cellulose makes it an effective reinforcement for PHB. 25763925 0 49 theme Aerobic 80:86 arg1 Conditions 88:97 Aerobic Conditions 80:97 Aerobic Conditions 80:97 Biodegradability of Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate/Bacterial Cellulose Composites under Aerobic Conditions, Measured via Evolution of Carbon Dioxide and Spectroscopic and Diffraction Methods. 25763925 3 50 theme spectroscopic 694:706 arg1 methods 724:730 spectroscopic and diffraction methods 694:730 methods 724:730 Neat PHB, bacterial cellulose, and a composite of PHB/BC produced with 10 wt % cellulose were composted under accelerated aerobic test conditions, with biodegradability measured by the carbon dioxide evolution method, in conjunction with spectroscopic and diffraction methods to assess crystallinity changes during the biodegradation process. 25763925 4 51 theme greater 837:843 arg1 rate 845:848 greater rate 837:848 greater rate 837:848 The PHB/BC composite biodegraded at a greater rate and extent than that of PHB alone, reaching 80% degradation after 30 days, whereas PHB did not reach this level of degradation until close to 50 days of composting. 25763925 3 52 theme carbon 641:646 arg1 dioxide 648:654 the carbon dioxide 637:654 the carbon dioxide evolution method 637:671 Neat PHB, bacterial cellulose, and a composite of PHB/BC produced with 10 wt % cellulose were composted under accelerated aerobic test conditions, with biodegradability measured by the carbon dioxide evolution method, in conjunction with spectroscopic and diffraction methods to assess crystallinity changes during the biodegradation process. 25763925 7 53 theme increased 1416:1424 arg1 rate 1426:1429 The increased rate 1412:1429 The increased rate of biodegradability 1412:1449 The increased rate of biodegradability suggests that these materials could be applicable to single-use applications and could rapidly biodegrade in compost on disposal. 25763925 5 54 theme material 1208:1215 arg1 region 1194:1199 the amorphous region 1180:1199 the amorphous region of the material 1180:1215 The relative crystallinity of PHB and PHB in the PHB/BC composite was found to increase in the initial weeks of degradation, with degradation occurring primarily in the amorphous region of the material and some recrystallization of the amorphous PHB. 25763925 5 54 theme material 1208:1215 arg1 recrystallization 1226:1242 some recrystallization 1221:1242 some recrystallization of the amorphous PHB 1221:1263 The relative crystallinity of PHB and PHB in the PHB/BC composite was found to increase in the initial weeks of degradation, with degradation occurring primarily in the amorphous region of the material and some recrystallization of the amorphous PHB. 25763925 5 55 theme PHB 1053:1055 arg1 crystallinity 1028:1040 The relative crystallinity 1015:1040 The relative crystallinity of PHB and PHB in the PHB/BC composite 1015:1079 The relative crystallinity of PHB and PHB in the PHB/BC composite was found to increase in the initial weeks of degradation, with degradation occurring primarily in the amorphous region of the material and some recrystallization of the amorphous PHB. 25763925 3 56 theme dioxide 648:654 arg1 method 666:671 the carbon dioxide evolution method 637:671 the carbon dioxide evolution method 637:671 Neat PHB, bacterial cellulose, and a composite of PHB/BC produced with 10 wt % cellulose were composted under accelerated aerobic test conditions, with biodegradability measured by the carbon dioxide evolution method, in conjunction with spectroscopic and diffraction methods to assess crystallinity changes during the biodegradation process. 25763925 3 57 theme % 533:533 arg1 cellulose 535:543 10 wt % cellulose 527:543 10 wt % cellulose 527:543 Neat PHB, bacterial cellulose, and a composite of PHB/BC produced with 10 wt % cellulose were composted under accelerated aerobic test conditions, with biodegradability measured by the carbon dioxide evolution method, in conjunction with spectroscopic and diffraction methods to assess crystallinity changes during the biodegradation process. 25763925 1 58 theme natural 251:257 arg1 Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate 184:205 Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate 184:205 Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) 184:211 Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and bacterial cellulose (BC) are both natural polymeric materials that have the potential to replace traditional, nonrenewable polymers. 25763925 1 58 theme natural 251:257 arg1 materials 269:277 both natural polymeric materials 246:277 both natural polymeric materials that have the potential to replace traditional, nonrenewable polymers 246:347 Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and bacterial cellulose (BC) are both natural polymeric materials that have the potential to replace traditional, nonrenewable polymers. 25763925 1 58 theme natural 251:257 arg1 cellulose 227:235 bacterial cellulose 217:235 bacterial cellulose (BC) 217:240 Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and bacterial cellulose (BC) are both natural polymeric materials that have the potential to replace traditional, nonrenewable polymers. 25763925 1 59 contain have 284:287 arg2 potential 293:301 the potential to replace traditional, nonrenewable polymers 289:347 the potential to replace traditional, nonrenewable polymers 289:347 Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and bacterial cellulose (BC) are both natural polymeric materials that have the potential to replace traditional, nonrenewable polymers. 25763925 1 59 contain have 284:287 arg1 Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate 184:205 Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate 184:205 Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) 184:211 Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and bacterial cellulose (BC) are both natural polymeric materials that have the potential to replace traditional, nonrenewable polymers. 25763925 1 59 contain have 284:287 arg1 materials 269:277 both natural polymeric materials 246:277 both natural polymeric materials that have the potential to replace traditional, nonrenewable polymers 246:347 Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and bacterial cellulose (BC) are both natural polymeric materials that have the potential to replace traditional, nonrenewable polymers. 25763925 1 59 contain have 284:287 arg1 cellulose 227:235 bacterial cellulose 217:235 bacterial cellulose (BC) 217:240 Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and bacterial cellulose (BC) are both natural polymeric materials that have the potential to replace traditional, nonrenewable polymers. 25763925 2 60 theme cellulose 401:409 arg1 form 383:386 the nanofibrillar form 365:386 the nanofibrillar form of bacterial cellulose 365:409 In particular, the nanofibrillar form of bacterial cellulose makes it an effective reinforcement for PHB. 25763925 4 61 dep rate 845:848 arg1 a 835:835 a 835:835 a 835:835 The PHB/BC composite biodegraded at a greater rate and extent than that of PHB alone, reaching 80% degradation after 30 days, whereas PHB did not reach this level of degradation until close to 50 days of composting. 25763925 1 62 theme polymeric 259:267 arg1 Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate 184:205 Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate 184:205 Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) 184:211 Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and bacterial cellulose (BC) are both natural polymeric materials that have the potential to replace traditional, nonrenewable polymers. 25763925 1 62 theme polymeric 259:267 arg1 materials 269:277 both natural polymeric materials 246:277 both natural polymeric materials that have the potential to replace traditional, nonrenewable polymers 246:347 Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and bacterial cellulose (BC) are both natural polymeric materials that have the potential to replace traditional, nonrenewable polymers. 25763925 1 62 theme polymeric 259:267 arg1 cellulose 227:235 bacterial cellulose 217:235 bacterial cellulose (BC) 217:240 Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and bacterial cellulose (BC) are both natural polymeric materials that have the potential to replace traditional, nonrenewable polymers. 25763925 1 63 dep traditional 314:324 arg1 nonrenewable 327:338 nonrenewable 327:338 nonrenewable 327:338 Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and bacterial cellulose (BC) are both natural polymeric materials that have the potential to replace traditional, nonrenewable polymers. 25763925 6 64 theme semicrystalline 1386:1400 arg1 lamellae 1402:1409 semicrystalline lamellae 1386:1409 semicrystalline lamellae 1386:1409 Small angle X-ray scattering indicates that the change in PHB crystallinity is accompanied by a change in morphology of semicrystalline lamellae. 25763925 2 65 theme bacterial 391:399 arg1 cellulose 401:409 bacterial cellulose 391:409 bacterial cellulose 391:409 In particular, the nanofibrillar form of bacterial cellulose makes it an effective reinforcement for PHB. 29133099 0 0 theme grafted 108:114 arg1 composite 151:159 chemically synthesized grafted sodium alginate/ZnO/graphene oxide composite 85:159 chemically synthesized grafted sodium alginate/ZnO/graphene oxide composite 85:159 Coupled adsorption-photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet under sunlight using chemically synthesized grafted sodium alginate/ZnO/graphene oxide composite. 29133099 4 1 theme synthesized 741:751 arg1 sample 753:758 the synthesized sample 737:758 the synthesized sample 737:758 The effect of different parameters as pH, initial dye concentration, contact time and temperature on the adsorption efficiency of the synthesized sample has been examined. 29133099 1 2 theme natural 196:202 arg1 nanocomposite 212:224 natural polymer nanocomposite 196:224 natural polymer nanocomposite 196:224 This research aimed to synthesize natural polymer nanocomposite and employ it for coupled adsorption- photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet. 29133099 4 3 theme parameters 631:640 arg1 effect 611:616 The effect 607:616 The effect of different parameters as pH, initial dye concentration, contact time and temperature on the adsorption efficiency of the synthesized sample 607:758 The effect of different parameters as pH, initial dye concentration, contact time and temperature on the adsorption efficiency of the synthesized sample has been examined. 29133099 0 4 theme synthesized 96:106 arg1 composite 151:159 chemically synthesized grafted sodium alginate/ZnO/graphene oxide composite 85:159 chemically synthesized grafted sodium alginate/ZnO/graphene oxide composite 85:159 Coupled adsorption-photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet under sunlight using chemically synthesized grafted sodium alginate/ZnO/graphene oxide composite. 29133099 9 5 from % 1421:1421 arg1 case 1274:1277 the case 1270:1277 the case of sodium alginate-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid)/ZnO/graphene oxide composite 1270:1364 In the case of sodium alginate-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid)/ZnO/graphene oxide composite, the removal efficiency after 5 h under sunlight was 94% versus 84% in the dark. 29133099 9 5 from % 1421:1421 arg1 dark 1441:1444 the dark 1437:1444 the dark 1437:1444 In the case of sodium alginate-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid)/ZnO/graphene oxide composite, the removal efficiency after 5 h under sunlight was 94% versus 84% in the dark. 29133099 1 6 theme polymer 204:210 arg1 nanocomposite 212:224 natural polymer nanocomposite 196:224 natural polymer nanocomposite 196:224 This research aimed to synthesize natural polymer nanocomposite and employ it for coupled adsorption- photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet. 29133099 4 7 theme different 621:629 arg1 parameters 631:640 different parameters 621:640 different parameters as pH, initial dye concentration, contact time and temperature 621:703 The effect of different parameters as pH, initial dye concentration, contact time and temperature on the adsorption efficiency of the synthesized sample has been examined. 29133099 0 8 theme alginate/ZnO/graphene 123:143 arg1 composite 151:159 chemically synthesized grafted sodium alginate/ZnO/graphene oxide composite 85:159 chemically synthesized grafted sodium alginate/ZnO/graphene oxide composite 85:159 Coupled adsorption-photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet under sunlight using chemically synthesized grafted sodium alginate/ZnO/graphene oxide composite. 29133099 6 9 theme adsorption 966:975 arg1 capacity 977:984 The maximum adsorption capacity 954:984 The maximum adsorption capacity achieved at pH 5.0 954:1003 The maximum adsorption capacity achieved at pH 5.0 was 13.85 mg g-1. 29133099 6 9 theme adsorption 966:975 arg1 13.85 mg g-1 1009:1020 13.85 mg g-1 1009:1020 13.85 mg g-1 1009:1020 The maximum adsorption capacity achieved at pH 5.0 was 13.85 mg g-1. 29133099 9 10 dep alginate-g-poly 1289:1303 arg1 acid 1331:1334 acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid 1306:1334 acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid 1306:1334 In the case of sodium alginate-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid)/ZnO/graphene oxide composite, the removal efficiency after 5 h under sunlight was 94% versus 84% in the dark. 29133099 0 11 theme sodium 116:121 arg1 composite 151:159 chemically synthesized grafted sodium alginate/ZnO/graphene oxide composite 85:159 chemically synthesized grafted sodium alginate/ZnO/graphene oxide composite 85:159 Coupled adsorption-photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet under sunlight using chemically synthesized grafted sodium alginate/ZnO/graphene oxide composite. 29133099 6 12 theme maximum 958:964 arg1 capacity 977:984 The maximum adsorption capacity 954:984 The maximum adsorption capacity achieved at pH 5.0 954:1003 The maximum adsorption capacity achieved at pH 5.0 was 13.85 mg g-1. 29133099 6 12 theme maximum 958:964 arg1 13.85 mg g-1 1009:1020 13.85 mg g-1 1009:1020 13.85 mg g-1 1009:1020 The maximum adsorption capacity achieved at pH 5.0 was 13.85 mg g-1. 29133099 3 13 theme crystal 562:568 arg1 violet 570:575 crystal violet 562:575 crystal violet 562:575 The adsorption efficiency of samples for crystal violet has been studied in the dark. 29133099 7 14 dep spontaneous 1078:1088 arg1 adsorption 1064:1073 the adsorption 1060:1073 the adsorption 1060:1073 Thermodynamic studies exhibited that the adsorption is spontaneous, endothermic in nature and leads to higher entropy. 29133099 7 14 dep spontaneous 1078:1088 arg1 endothermic 1091:1101 endothermic 1091:1101 endothermic 1091:1101 Thermodynamic studies exhibited that the adsorption is spontaneous, endothermic in nature and leads to higher entropy. 29133099 7 14 dep spontaneous 1078:1088 arg1 spontaneous 1078:1088 spontaneous 1078:1088 spontaneous 1078:1088 Thermodynamic studies exhibited that the adsorption is spontaneous, endothermic in nature and leads to higher entropy. 29133099 2 15 with composites 373:382 arg1 sheets 421:426 graphene oxide sheets 406:426 graphene oxide sheets 406:426 Sodium alginate-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid) and its composites with ZnO nanorods and graphene oxide sheets were synthesized and characterized using FT-IR, XRD, SEM, HR-TEM and DR/UV-vis spectroscopy. 29133099 2 15 with composites 373:382 arg1 nanorods 393:400 ZnO nanorods 389:400 ZnO nanorods 389:400 Sodium alginate-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid) and its composites with ZnO nanorods and graphene oxide sheets were synthesized and characterized using FT-IR, XRD, SEM, HR-TEM and DR/UV-vis spectroscopy. 29133099 3 16 theme samples 550:556 arg1 efficiency 536:545 The adsorption efficiency 521:545 The adsorption efficiency of samples for crystal violet 521:575 The adsorption efficiency of samples for crystal violet has been studied in the dark. 29133099 3 17 theme adsorption 525:534 arg1 efficiency 536:545 The adsorption efficiency 521:545 The adsorption efficiency of samples for crystal violet 521:575 The adsorption efficiency of samples for crystal violet has been studied in the dark. 29133099 2 18 theme acid-co-cinnamic 342:357 arg1 acid 359:362 acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid 334:362 acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid 334:362 Sodium alginate-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid) and its composites with ZnO nanorods and graphene oxide sheets were synthesized and characterized using FT-IR, XRD, SEM, HR-TEM and DR/UV-vis spectroscopy. 29133099 2 18 theme acid-co-cinnamic 342:357 arg1 alginate-g-poly 317:331 Sodium alginate-g-poly 310:331 Sodium alginate-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid) 310:363 Sodium alginate-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid) and its composites with ZnO nanorods and graphene oxide sheets were synthesized and characterized using FT-IR, XRD, SEM, HR-TEM and DR/UV-vis spectroscopy. 29133099 5 19 theme adsorption 910:919 arg1 results 921:927 the equilibrium adsorption results 894:927 the equilibrium adsorption results 894:927 Kinetics studies showed that the adsorption of all samples was well described by the pseudo-second-order model and the equilibrium adsorption results fitted Freundlich model. 29133099 0 20 theme oxide 145:149 arg1 composite 151:159 chemically synthesized grafted sodium alginate/ZnO/graphene oxide composite 85:159 chemically synthesized grafted sodium alginate/ZnO/graphene oxide composite 85:159 Coupled adsorption-photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet under sunlight using chemically synthesized grafted sodium alginate/ZnO/graphene oxide composite. 29133099 8 21 from enhancement 1221:1231 arg1 efficiency 1248:1257 the removal efficiency 1236:1257 the removal efficiency by 10% 1236:1264 Coupled adsorption-photocatalytic degradation studies under sunlight showed an enhancement in the removal efficiency by 10%. 29133099 2 22 theme acrylic 334:340 arg1 acid 359:362 acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid 334:362 acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid 334:362 Sodium alginate-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid) and its composites with ZnO nanorods and graphene oxide sheets were synthesized and characterized using FT-IR, XRD, SEM, HR-TEM and DR/UV-vis spectroscopy. 29133099 2 22 theme acrylic 334:340 arg1 alginate-g-poly 317:331 Sodium alginate-g-poly 310:331 Sodium alginate-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid) 310:363 Sodium alginate-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid) and its composites with ZnO nanorods and graphene oxide sheets were synthesized and characterized using FT-IR, XRD, SEM, HR-TEM and DR/UV-vis spectroscopy. 29133099 0 23 theme adsorption-photocatalytic 8:32 arg1 degradation 34:44 adsorption-photocatalytic degradation 8:44 adsorption-photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet 8:62 Coupled adsorption-photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet under sunlight using chemically synthesized grafted sodium alginate/ZnO/graphene oxide composite. 29133099 8 24 theme removal 1240:1246 arg1 efficiency 1248:1257 the removal efficiency 1236:1257 the removal efficiency by 10% 1236:1264 Coupled adsorption-photocatalytic degradation studies under sunlight showed an enhancement in the removal efficiency by 10%. 29133099 8 25 theme Coupled 1142:1148 arg1 studies 1188:1194 Coupled adsorption-photocatalytic degradation studies 1142:1194 Coupled adsorption-photocatalytic degradation studies under sunlight 1142:1209 Coupled adsorption-photocatalytic degradation studies under sunlight showed an enhancement in the removal efficiency by 10%. 29133099 9 26 theme alginate-g-poly 1289:1303 arg1 composite 1356:1364 sodium alginate-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid)/ZnO/graphene oxide composite 1282:1364 sodium alginate-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid)/ZnO/graphene oxide composite 1282:1364 In the case of sodium alginate-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid)/ZnO/graphene oxide composite, the removal efficiency after 5 h under sunlight was 94% versus 84% in the dark. 29133099 4 27 theme adsorption 712:721 arg1 efficiency 723:732 the adsorption efficiency 708:732 the adsorption efficiency of the synthesized sample 708:758 The effect of different parameters as pH, initial dye concentration, contact time and temperature on the adsorption efficiency of the synthesized sample has been examined. 29133099 4 28 from effect 611:616 arg1 efficiency 723:732 the adsorption efficiency 708:732 the adsorption efficiency of the synthesized sample 708:758 The effect of different parameters as pH, initial dye concentration, contact time and temperature on the adsorption efficiency of the synthesized sample has been examined. 29133099 5 29 theme Freundlich 936:945 arg1 model 947:951 Freundlich model 936:951 Freundlich model 936:951 Kinetics studies showed that the adsorption of all samples was well described by the pseudo-second-order model and the equilibrium adsorption results fitted Freundlich model. 29133099 8 30 theme degradation 1176:1186 arg1 studies 1188:1194 Coupled adsorption-photocatalytic degradation studies 1142:1194 Coupled adsorption-photocatalytic degradation studies under sunlight 1142:1209 Coupled adsorption-photocatalytic degradation studies under sunlight showed an enhancement in the removal efficiency by 10%. 29133099 7 31 theme Thermodynamic 1023:1035 arg1 studies 1037:1043 Thermodynamic studies 1023:1043 Thermodynamic studies 1023:1043 Thermodynamic studies exhibited that the adsorption is spontaneous, endothermic in nature and leads to higher entropy. 29133099 4 32 theme contact 676:682 arg1 time 684:687 contact time 676:687 contact time 676:687 The effect of different parameters as pH, initial dye concentration, contact time and temperature on the adsorption efficiency of the synthesized sample has been examined. 29133099 5 33 theme pseudo-second-order 864:882 arg1 model 884:888 the pseudo-second-order model 860:888 the pseudo-second-order model 860:888 Kinetics studies showed that the adsorption of all samples was well described by the pseudo-second-order model and the equilibrium adsorption results fitted Freundlich model. 29133099 8 34 theme adsorption-photocatalytic 1150:1174 arg1 studies 1188:1194 Coupled adsorption-photocatalytic degradation studies 1142:1194 Coupled adsorption-photocatalytic degradation studies under sunlight 1142:1209 Coupled adsorption-photocatalytic degradation studies under sunlight showed an enhancement in the removal efficiency by 10%. 29133099 9 35 theme acid-co-cinnamic 1314:1329 arg1 acid 1331:1334 acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid 1306:1334 acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid 1306:1334 In the case of sodium alginate-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid)/ZnO/graphene oxide composite, the removal efficiency after 5 h under sunlight was 94% versus 84% in the dark. 29133099 2 36 theme oxide 415:419 arg1 sheets 421:426 graphene oxide sheets 406:426 graphene oxide sheets 406:426 Sodium alginate-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid) and its composites with ZnO nanorods and graphene oxide sheets were synthesized and characterized using FT-IR, XRD, SEM, HR-TEM and DR/UV-vis spectroscopy. 29133099 1 37 theme coupled 244:250 arg1 degradation 279:289 coupled adsorption- photocatalytic degradation 244:289 coupled adsorption- photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet 244:307 This research aimed to synthesize natural polymer nanocomposite and employ it for coupled adsorption- photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet. 29133099 0 38 theme violet 57:62 arg1 degradation 34:44 adsorption-photocatalytic degradation 8:44 adsorption-photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet 8:62 Coupled adsorption-photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet under sunlight using chemically synthesized grafted sodium alginate/ZnO/graphene oxide composite. 29133099 7 39 theme higher 1126:1131 arg1 entropy 1133:1139 higher entropy 1126:1139 higher entropy 1126:1139 Thermodynamic studies exhibited that the adsorption is spontaneous, endothermic in nature and leads to higher entropy. 29133099 1 40 theme adsorption- 252:262 arg1 degradation 279:289 coupled adsorption- photocatalytic degradation 244:289 coupled adsorption- photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet 244:307 This research aimed to synthesize natural polymer nanocomposite and employ it for coupled adsorption- photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet. 29133099 0 41 theme crystal 49:55 arg1 violet 57:62 crystal violet 49:62 crystal violet 49:62 Coupled adsorption-photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet under sunlight using chemically synthesized grafted sodium alginate/ZnO/graphene oxide composite. 29133099 5 42 theme samples 830:836 arg1 adsorption 812:821 the adsorption 808:821 the adsorption of all samples 808:836 Kinetics studies showed that the adsorption of all samples was well described by the pseudo-second-order model and the equilibrium adsorption results fitted Freundlich model. 29133099 5 43 theme Kinetics 779:786 arg1 studies 788:794 Kinetics studies 779:794 Kinetics studies 779:794 Kinetics studies showed that the adsorption of all samples was well described by the pseudo-second-order model and the equilibrium adsorption results fitted Freundlich model. 29133099 1 44 theme photocatalytic 264:277 arg1 degradation 279:289 coupled adsorption- photocatalytic degradation 244:289 coupled adsorption- photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet 244:307 This research aimed to synthesize natural polymer nanocomposite and employ it for coupled adsorption- photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet. 29133099 9 45 theme /ZnO/graphene 1336:1348 arg1 composite 1356:1364 sodium alginate-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid)/ZnO/graphene oxide composite 1282:1364 sodium alginate-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid)/ZnO/graphene oxide composite 1282:1364 In the case of sodium alginate-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid)/ZnO/graphene oxide composite, the removal efficiency after 5 h under sunlight was 94% versus 84% in the dark. 29133099 9 46 theme acrylic 1306:1312 arg1 acid 1331:1334 acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid 1306:1334 acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid 1306:1334 In the case of sodium alginate-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid)/ZnO/graphene oxide composite, the removal efficiency after 5 h under sunlight was 94% versus 84% in the dark. 29133099 2 47 theme graphene 406:413 arg1 sheets 421:426 graphene oxide sheets 406:426 graphene oxide sheets 406:426 Sodium alginate-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid) and its composites with ZnO nanorods and graphene oxide sheets were synthesized and characterized using FT-IR, XRD, SEM, HR-TEM and DR/UV-vis spectroscopy. 29133099 9 48 theme oxide 1350:1354 arg1 composite 1356:1364 sodium alginate-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid)/ZnO/graphene oxide composite 1282:1364 sodium alginate-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid)/ZnO/graphene oxide composite 1282:1364 In the case of sodium alginate-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid)/ZnO/graphene oxide composite, the removal efficiency after 5 h under sunlight was 94% versus 84% in the dark. 29133099 4 49 theme sample 753:758 arg1 efficiency 723:732 the adsorption efficiency 708:732 the adsorption efficiency of the synthesized sample 708:758 The effect of different parameters as pH, initial dye concentration, contact time and temperature on the adsorption efficiency of the synthesized sample has been examined. 29133099 2 50 with alginate-g-poly 317:331 arg1 sheets 421:426 graphene oxide sheets 406:426 graphene oxide sheets 406:426 Sodium alginate-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid) and its composites with ZnO nanorods and graphene oxide sheets were synthesized and characterized using FT-IR, XRD, SEM, HR-TEM and DR/UV-vis spectroscopy. 29133099 2 50 with alginate-g-poly 317:331 arg1 nanorods 393:400 ZnO nanorods 389:400 ZnO nanorods 389:400 Sodium alginate-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid) and its composites with ZnO nanorods and graphene oxide sheets were synthesized and characterized using FT-IR, XRD, SEM, HR-TEM and DR/UV-vis spectroscopy. 29133099 9 51 theme composite 1356:1364 arg1 case 1274:1277 the case 1270:1277 the case of sodium alginate-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid)/ZnO/graphene oxide composite 1270:1364 In the case of sodium alginate-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid)/ZnO/graphene oxide composite, the removal efficiency after 5 h under sunlight was 94% versus 84% in the dark. 29133099 4 52 theme initial 649:655 arg1 concentration 661:673 initial dye concentration 649:673 initial dye concentration 649:673 The effect of different parameters as pH, initial dye concentration, contact time and temperature on the adsorption efficiency of the synthesized sample has been examined. 29133099 2 53 theme ZnO 389:391 arg1 nanorods 393:400 ZnO nanorods 389:400 ZnO nanorods 389:400 Sodium alginate-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid) and its composites with ZnO nanorods and graphene oxide sheets were synthesized and characterized using FT-IR, XRD, SEM, HR-TEM and DR/UV-vis spectroscopy. 29133099 7 54 from nature 1106:1111 arg1 adsorption 1064:1073 the adsorption 1060:1073 the adsorption 1060:1073 Thermodynamic studies exhibited that the adsorption is spontaneous, endothermic in nature and leads to higher entropy. 29133099 7 54 from nature 1106:1111 arg1 endothermic 1091:1101 endothermic 1091:1101 endothermic 1091:1101 Thermodynamic studies exhibited that the adsorption is spontaneous, endothermic in nature and leads to higher entropy. 29133099 7 54 from nature 1106:1111 arg1 spontaneous 1078:1088 spontaneous 1078:1088 spontaneous 1078:1088 Thermodynamic studies exhibited that the adsorption is spontaneous, endothermic in nature and leads to higher entropy. 29133099 5 55 theme equilibrium 898:908 arg1 results 921:927 the equilibrium adsorption results 894:927 the equilibrium adsorption results 894:927 Kinetics studies showed that the adsorption of all samples was well described by the pseudo-second-order model and the equilibrium adsorption results fitted Freundlich model. 29133099 2 56 theme Sodium 310:315 arg1 acid 359:362 acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid 334:362 acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid 334:362 Sodium alginate-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid) and its composites with ZnO nanorods and graphene oxide sheets were synthesized and characterized using FT-IR, XRD, SEM, HR-TEM and DR/UV-vis spectroscopy. 29133099 2 56 theme Sodium 310:315 arg1 alginate-g-poly 317:331 Sodium alginate-g-poly 310:331 Sodium alginate-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid) 310:363 Sodium alginate-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid) and its composites with ZnO nanorods and graphene oxide sheets were synthesized and characterized using FT-IR, XRD, SEM, HR-TEM and DR/UV-vis spectroscopy. 29133099 7 57 from spontaneous 1078:1088 arg1 nature 1106:1111 nature 1106:1111 nature 1106:1111 Thermodynamic studies exhibited that the adsorption is spontaneous, endothermic in nature and leads to higher entropy. 29133099 1 58 theme crystal 294:300 arg1 violet 302:307 crystal violet 294:307 crystal violet 294:307 This research aimed to synthesize natural polymer nanocomposite and employ it for coupled adsorption- photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet. 29133099 9 59 theme removal 1371:1377 arg1 % 1421:1421 94% 1419:1421 94% 1419:1421 In the case of sodium alginate-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid)/ZnO/graphene oxide composite, the removal efficiency after 5 h under sunlight was 94% versus 84% in the dark. 29133099 9 59 theme removal 1371:1377 arg1 efficiency 1379:1388 the removal efficiency 1367:1388 the removal efficiency after 5 h under sunlight 1367:1413 In the case of sodium alginate-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid)/ZnO/graphene oxide composite, the removal efficiency after 5 h under sunlight was 94% versus 84% in the dark. 29133099 4 60 theme dye 657:659 arg1 concentration 661:673 initial dye concentration 649:673 initial dye concentration 649:673 The effect of different parameters as pH, initial dye concentration, contact time and temperature on the adsorption efficiency of the synthesized sample has been examined. 29133099 2 61 theme DR/UV-vis 497:505 arg1 spectroscopy 507:518 DR/UV-vis spectroscopy 497:518 DR/UV-vis spectroscopy 497:518 Sodium alginate-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid) and its composites with ZnO nanorods and graphene oxide sheets were synthesized and characterized using FT-IR, XRD, SEM, HR-TEM and DR/UV-vis spectroscopy. 29133099 1 62 theme violet 302:307 arg1 degradation 279:289 coupled adsorption- photocatalytic degradation 244:289 coupled adsorption- photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet 244:307 This research aimed to synthesize natural polymer nanocomposite and employ it for coupled adsorption- photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet. 28213548 9 0 theme human 1710:1714 arg1 health 1716:1721 human health 1710:1721 human health 1710:1721 Hence, with alternative growth substrates, it is possible to significantly increase the number and diversity of cultured marine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Serious challenges to human health, such as the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance and an aging human population in need of bioactive pharmaceuticals, have revitalized the search for natural microbial products. 28213548 2 1 from culturability 544:556 arg1 seawater 575:582 seawater 575:582 seawater 575:582 Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate if improved cultivation conditions, including the use of an alternative gelling agent and supplementation with signaling molecules, improve the culturability of bacteria from seawater. 28213548 9 2 with possible 1589:1596 arg1 substrates 1571:1580 alternative growth substrates 1552:1580 alternative growth substrates 1552:1580 Hence, with alternative growth substrates, it is possible to significantly increase the number and diversity of cultured marine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Serious challenges to human health, such as the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance and an aging human population in need of bioactive pharmaceuticals, have revitalized the search for natural microbial products. 28213548 13 3 theme unknown 2525:2531 arg1 orders 2543:2548 hitherto unknown bacterial orders 2516:2548 hitherto unknown bacterial orders 2516:2548 In this study, we present a means to increase the number and diversity of cultured bacteria from seawater, showing that relatively simple changes to medium components may facilitate the isolation and growth of hitherto unknown bacterial orders. 28213548 6 4 theme obvious 1237:1243 arg1 effects 1245:1251 less obvious effects 1232:1251 less obvious effects 1232:1251 Other factors, such as incubation temperature and time, had less obvious effects on viable counts and culturable diversity. 28213548 7 5 theme total 1387:1391 arg1 counts 1400:1405 total viable counts 1387:1405 total viable counts 1387:1405 Supplementation with acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) did not have a positive effect on total viable counts or a strong effect on culturable diversity. 28213548 9 6 theme microbial 1891:1899 arg1 products 1901:1908 natural microbial products 1883:1908 natural microbial products 1883:1908 Hence, with alternative growth substrates, it is possible to significantly increase the number and diversity of cultured marine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Serious challenges to human health, such as the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance and an aging human population in need of bioactive pharmaceuticals, have revitalized the search for natural microbial products. 28213548 3 7 theme incubation 690:699 arg1 conditions 701:710 incubation conditions 690:710 incubation conditions 690:710 Replacing agar with gellan gum improved viable counts 3- to 40-fold, depending on medium composition and incubation conditions, with a maximum of 6.6% culturability relative to direct cell counts. 28213548 11 8 theme diversity 2163:2171 arg1 fraction 2146:2153 only a minute fraction 2132:2153 only a minute fraction of this diversity 2132:2171 However, we are currently able to cultivate only a minute fraction of this diversity. 28213548 1 9 theme standard 162:169 arg1 procedures 182:191 standard laboratory procedures 162:191 standard laboratory procedures 162:191 Only 1% of marine bacteria are currently culturable using standard laboratory procedures, and this is a major obstacle for our understanding of the biology of marine microorganisms and for the discovery of novel microbial natural products. 28213548 7 10 theme strong 1412:1417 arg1 effect 1419:1424 a strong effect 1410:1424 a strong effect on culturable diversity 1410:1448 Supplementation with acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) did not have a positive effect on total viable counts or a strong effect on culturable diversity. 28213548 9 11 theme cultured 1652:1659 arg1 challenges 1696:1705 cultured marine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Serious challenges 1652:1705 cultured marine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Serious challenges 1652:1705 Hence, with alternative growth substrates, it is possible to significantly increase the number and diversity of cultured marine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Serious challenges to human health, such as the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance and an aging human population in need of bioactive pharmaceuticals, have revitalized the search for natural microbial products. 28213548 9 11 theme cultured 1652:1659 arg1 occurrence 1736:1745 occurrence 1736:1745 occurrence 1736:1745 Hence, with alternative growth substrates, it is possible to significantly increase the number and diversity of cultured marine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Serious challenges to human health, such as the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance and an aging human population in need of bioactive pharmaceuticals, have revitalized the search for natural microbial products. 28213548 9 11 theme cultured 1652:1659 arg1 population 1802:1811 an aging human population 1787:1811 an aging human population in need of bioactive pharmaceuticals 1787:1848 Hence, with alternative growth substrates, it is possible to significantly increase the number and diversity of cultured marine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Serious challenges to human health, such as the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance and an aging human population in need of bioactive pharmaceuticals, have revitalized the search for natural microbial products. 28213548 9 11 theme cultured 1652:1659 arg1 spread 1751:1756 spread 1751:1756 spread 1751:1756 Hence, with alternative growth substrates, it is possible to significantly increase the number and diversity of cultured marine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Serious challenges to human health, such as the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance and an aging human population in need of bioactive pharmaceuticals, have revitalized the search for natural microbial products. 28213548 6 12 theme culturable 1274:1283 arg1 diversity 1285:1293 culturable diversity 1274:1293 culturable diversity 1274:1293 Other factors, such as incubation temperature and time, had less obvious effects on viable counts and culturable diversity. 28213548 13 13 dep number 2356:2361 arg1 the 2352:2354 the 2352:2354 the 2352:2354 In this study, we present a means to increase the number and diversity of cultured bacteria from seawater, showing that relatively simple changes to medium components may facilitate the isolation and growth of hitherto unknown bacterial orders. 28213548 9 14 from population 1802:1811 arg1 need 1816:1819 need 1816:1819 need of bioactive pharmaceuticals 1816:1848 Hence, with alternative growth substrates, it is possible to significantly increase the number and diversity of cultured marine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Serious challenges to human health, such as the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance and an aging human population in need of bioactive pharmaceuticals, have revitalized the search for natural microbial products. 28213548 7 15 from effect 1419:1424 arg1 diversity 1440:1448 culturable diversity 1429:1448 culturable diversity 1429:1448 Supplementation with acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) did not have a positive effect on total viable counts or a strong effect on culturable diversity. 28213548 7 15 from effect 1419:1424 arg1 counts 1400:1405 total viable counts 1387:1405 total viable counts 1387:1405 Supplementation with acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) did not have a positive effect on total viable counts or a strong effect on culturable diversity. 28213548 9 16 theme bacteria.IMPORTANCE 1668:1686 arg1 challenges 1696:1705 cultured marine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Serious challenges 1652:1705 cultured marine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Serious challenges 1652:1705 Hence, with alternative growth substrates, it is possible to significantly increase the number and diversity of cultured marine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Serious challenges to human health, such as the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance and an aging human population in need of bioactive pharmaceuticals, have revitalized the search for natural microbial products. 28213548 9 16 theme bacteria.IMPORTANCE 1668:1686 arg1 occurrence 1736:1745 occurrence 1736:1745 occurrence 1736:1745 Hence, with alternative growth substrates, it is possible to significantly increase the number and diversity of cultured marine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Serious challenges to human health, such as the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance and an aging human population in need of bioactive pharmaceuticals, have revitalized the search for natural microbial products. 28213548 9 16 theme bacteria.IMPORTANCE 1668:1686 arg1 population 1802:1811 an aging human population 1787:1811 an aging human population in need of bioactive pharmaceuticals 1787:1848 Hence, with alternative growth substrates, it is possible to significantly increase the number and diversity of cultured marine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Serious challenges to human health, such as the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance and an aging human population in need of bioactive pharmaceuticals, have revitalized the search for natural microbial products. 28213548 9 16 theme bacteria.IMPORTANCE 1668:1686 arg1 spread 1751:1756 spread 1751:1756 spread 1751:1756 Hence, with alternative growth substrates, it is possible to significantly increase the number and diversity of cultured marine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Serious challenges to human health, such as the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance and an aging human population in need of bioactive pharmaceuticals, have revitalized the search for natural microbial products. 28213548 3 17 theme relative 750:757 arg1 culturability 736:748 6.6% culturability 731:748 6.6% culturability relative to direct cell counts 731:779 Replacing agar with gellan gum improved viable counts 3- to 40-fold, depending on medium composition and incubation conditions, with a maximum of 6.6% culturability relative to direct cell counts. 28213548 0 18 theme Agent 19:23 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of Gelling Agent and Extracellular Signaling Molecules on the Culturability of Marine Bacteria 0:101 Effects of Gelling Agent and Extracellular Signaling Molecules on the Culturability of Marine Bacteria. 28213548 2 19 theme bacteria 561:568 arg1 culturability 544:556 the culturability 540:556 the culturability of bacteria from seawater 540:582 Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate if improved cultivation conditions, including the use of an alternative gelling agent and supplementation with signaling molecules, improve the culturability of bacteria from seawater. 28213548 6 20 theme incubation 1195:1204 arg1 temperature 1206:1216 incubation temperature 1195:1216 incubation temperature 1195:1216 Other factors, such as incubation temperature and time, had less obvious effects on viable counts and culturable diversity. 28213548 3 21 theme % 734:734 arg1 culturability 736:748 6.6% culturability 731:748 6.6% culturability relative to direct cell counts 731:779 Replacing agar with gellan gum improved viable counts 3- to 40-fold, depending on medium composition and incubation conditions, with a maximum of 6.6% culturability relative to direct cell counts. 28213548 7 22 with Supplementation 1296:1310 arg1 AHLs 1347:1350 AHLs 1347:1350 AHLs 1347:1350 Supplementation with acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) did not have a positive effect on total viable counts or a strong effect on culturable diversity. 28213548 7 22 with Supplementation 1296:1310 arg1 lactones 1337:1344 acylated homoserine lactones 1317:1344 acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) 1317:1351 Supplementation with acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) did not have a positive effect on total viable counts or a strong effect on culturable diversity. 28213548 13 23 from seawater 2403:2410 arg1 diversity 2367:2375 diversity 2367:2375 diversity 2367:2375 In this study, we present a means to increase the number and diversity of cultured bacteria from seawater, showing that relatively simple changes to medium components may facilitate the isolation and growth of hitherto unknown bacterial orders. 28213548 13 23 from seawater 2403:2410 arg1 bacteria 2389:2396 cultured bacteria 2380:2396 cultured bacteria from seawater 2380:2410 In this study, we present a means to increase the number and diversity of cultured bacteria from seawater, showing that relatively simple changes to medium components may facilitate the isolation and growth of hitherto unknown bacterial orders. 28213548 13 23 from seawater 2403:2410 arg1 number 2356:2361 number 2356:2361 number 2356:2361 In this study, we present a means to increase the number and diversity of cultured bacteria from seawater, showing that relatively simple changes to medium components may facilitate the isolation and growth of hitherto unknown bacterial orders. 28213548 13 24 theme medium 2455:2460 arg1 components 2462:2471 medium components 2455:2471 medium components 2455:2471 In this study, we present a means to increase the number and diversity of cultured bacteria from seawater, showing that relatively simple changes to medium components may facilitate the isolation and growth of hitherto unknown bacterial orders. 28213548 5 25 theme gum 1030:1032 arg1 substrates 1034:1043 gellan gum substrates 1023:1043 gellan gum substrates 1023:1043 Community analyses showed that communities grown on gellan gum substrates were significantly different from communities grown on agar and that they covered a larger fraction of the seawater community. 28213548 1 26 theme marine 115:120 arg1 bacteria 122:129 marine bacteria 115:129 marine bacteria 115:129 Only 1% of marine bacteria are currently culturable using standard laboratory procedures, and this is a major obstacle for our understanding of the biology of marine microorganisms and for the discovery of novel microbial natural products. 28213548 7 27 from effect 1377:1382 arg1 diversity 1440:1448 culturable diversity 1429:1448 culturable diversity 1429:1448 Supplementation with acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) did not have a positive effect on total viable counts or a strong effect on culturable diversity. 28213548 7 27 from effect 1377:1382 arg1 counts 1400:1405 total viable counts 1387:1405 total viable counts 1387:1405 Supplementation with acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) did not have a positive effect on total viable counts or a strong effect on culturable diversity. 28213548 4 28 theme culturable 934:943 arg1 orders 923:928 orders 923:928 orders not culturable 923:943 Through V4 amplicon sequencing we found that culturable diversity was also affected by a change in gelling agent, facilitating the growth of orders not culturable on agar-based substrates. 28213548 7 29 theme homoserine 1326:1335 arg1 AHLs 1347:1350 AHLs 1347:1350 AHLs 1347:1350 Supplementation with acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) did not have a positive effect on total viable counts or a strong effect on culturable diversity. 28213548 7 29 theme homoserine 1326:1335 arg1 lactones 1337:1344 acylated homoserine lactones 1317:1344 acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) 1317:1351 Supplementation with acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) did not have a positive effect on total viable counts or a strong effect on culturable diversity. 28213548 3 30 theme direct 762:767 arg1 counts 774:779 direct cell counts 762:779 direct cell counts 762:779 Replacing agar with gellan gum improved viable counts 3- to 40-fold, depending on medium composition and incubation conditions, with a maximum of 6.6% culturability relative to direct cell counts. 28213548 7 31 contain have 1361:1364 arg1 Supplementation 1296:1310 Supplementation 1296:1310 Supplementation with acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) 1296:1351 Supplementation with acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) did not have a positive effect on total viable counts or a strong effect on culturable diversity. 28213548 7 31 contain have 1361:1364 arg2 effect 1377:1382 a positive effect 1366:1382 a positive effect on total viable counts 1366:1405 Supplementation with acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) did not have a positive effect on total viable counts or a strong effect on culturable diversity. 28213548 7 31 contain have 1361:1364 arg2 effect 1419:1424 a strong effect 1410:1424 a strong effect on culturable diversity 1410:1448 Supplementation with acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) did not have a positive effect on total viable counts or a strong effect on culturable diversity. 28213548 2 32 with use 450:452 arg1 molecules 521:529 signaling molecules 511:529 signaling molecules 511:529 Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate if improved cultivation conditions, including the use of an alternative gelling agent and supplementation with signaling molecules, improve the culturability of bacteria from seawater. 28213548 4 33 theme agar-based 948:957 arg1 substrates 959:968 agar-based substrates 948:968 agar-based substrates 948:968 Through V4 amplicon sequencing we found that culturable diversity was also affected by a change in gelling agent, facilitating the growth of orders not culturable on agar-based substrates. 28213548 5 34 theme community 1161:1169 arg1 fraction 1136:1143 a larger fraction 1127:1143 a larger fraction of the seawater community 1127:1169 Community analyses showed that communities grown on gellan gum substrates were significantly different from communities grown on agar and that they covered a larger fraction of the seawater community. 28213548 1 35 theme microbial 316:324 arg1 products 334:341 novel microbial natural products 310:341 novel microbial natural products 310:341 Only 1% of marine bacteria are currently culturable using standard laboratory procedures, and this is a major obstacle for our understanding of the biology of marine microorganisms and for the discovery of novel microbial natural products. 28213548 13 36 theme orders 2543:2548 arg1 growth 2506:2511 growth 2506:2511 growth 2506:2511 In this study, we present a means to increase the number and diversity of cultured bacteria from seawater, showing that relatively simple changes to medium components may facilitate the isolation and growth of hitherto unknown bacterial orders. 28213548 13 36 theme orders 2543:2548 arg1 isolation 2492:2500 isolation 2492:2500 isolation 2492:2500 In this study, we present a means to increase the number and diversity of cultured bacteria from seawater, showing that relatively simple changes to medium components may facilitate the isolation and growth of hitherto unknown bacterial orders. 28213548 0 37 from Effects 0:6 arg1 Culturability 70:82 the Culturability 66:82 the Culturability of Marine Bacteria 66:101 Effects of Gelling Agent and Extracellular Signaling Molecules on the Culturability of Marine Bacteria. 28213548 10 38 theme untapped 2021:2028 arg1 diversity 2040:2048 an immense and virtually untapped microbial diversity 1996:2048 an immense and virtually untapped microbial diversity producing unique bioactive compounds 1996:2085 The marine environment, representing the largest ecosystem in the biosphere, harbors an immense and virtually untapped microbial diversity producing unique bioactive compounds. 28213548 0 39 theme Marine 87:92 arg1 Bacteria 94:101 Marine Bacteria 87:101 Marine Bacteria 87:101 Effects of Gelling Agent and Extracellular Signaling Molecules on the Culturability of Marine Bacteria. 28213548 1 40 theme products 334:341 arg1 discovery 297:305 the discovery 293:305 the discovery of novel microbial natural products 293:341 Only 1% of marine bacteria are currently culturable using standard laboratory procedures, and this is a major obstacle for our understanding of the biology of marine microorganisms and for the discovery of novel microbial natural products. 28213548 4 41 theme orders 923:928 arg1 growth 913:918 the growth 909:918 the growth of orders not culturable on agar-based substrates 909:968 Through V4 amplicon sequencing we found that culturable diversity was also affected by a change in gelling agent, facilitating the growth of orders not culturable on agar-based substrates. 28213548 8 42 theme AHLs 1482:1485 arg1 concentrations 1464:1477 low concentrations 1460:1477 low concentrations of AHLs 1460:1485 However, low concentrations of AHLs increased the relative abundance of sphingobacteria. 28213548 7 43 theme acylated 1317:1324 arg1 AHLs 1347:1350 AHLs 1347:1350 AHLs 1347:1350 Supplementation with acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) did not have a positive effect on total viable counts or a strong effect on culturable diversity. 28213548 7 43 theme acylated 1317:1324 arg1 lactones 1337:1344 acylated homoserine lactones 1317:1344 acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) 1317:1351 Supplementation with acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) did not have a positive effect on total viable counts or a strong effect on culturable diversity. 28213548 2 44 theme gelling 472:478 arg1 agent 480:484 an alternative gelling agent 457:484 an alternative gelling agent 457:484 Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate if improved cultivation conditions, including the use of an alternative gelling agent and supplementation with signaling molecules, improve the culturability of bacteria from seawater. 28213548 12 45 theme microbes 2197:2204 arg1 lack 2178:2181 The lack 2174:2181 The lack of cultivated microbes 2174:2204 The lack of cultivated microbes is hampering not only bioprospecting efforts but also our general understanding of marine microbes. 28213548 1 46 theme biology 252:258 arg1 understanding 231:243 our understanding 227:243 our understanding of the biology of marine microorganisms 227:283 Only 1% of marine bacteria are currently culturable using standard laboratory procedures, and this is a major obstacle for our understanding of the biology of marine microorganisms and for the discovery of novel microbial natural products. 28213548 13 47 theme bacteria 2389:2396 arg1 diversity 2367:2375 diversity 2367:2375 diversity 2367:2375 In this study, we present a means to increase the number and diversity of cultured bacteria from seawater, showing that relatively simple changes to medium components may facilitate the isolation and growth of hitherto unknown bacterial orders. 28213548 13 47 theme bacteria 2389:2396 arg1 number 2356:2361 number 2356:2361 number 2356:2361 In this study, we present a means to increase the number and diversity of cultured bacteria from seawater, showing that relatively simple changes to medium components may facilitate the isolation and growth of hitherto unknown bacterial orders. 28213548 9 48 theme aging 1790:1794 arg1 population 1802:1811 an aging human population 1787:1811 an aging human population in need of bioactive pharmaceuticals 1787:1848 Hence, with alternative growth substrates, it is possible to significantly increase the number and diversity of cultured marine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Serious challenges to human health, such as the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance and an aging human population in need of bioactive pharmaceuticals, have revitalized the search for natural microbial products. 28213548 0 49 theme Gelling 11:17 arg1 Agent 19:23 Gelling Agent 11:23 Gelling Agent 11:23 Effects of Gelling Agent and Extracellular Signaling Molecules on the Culturability of Marine Bacteria. 28213548 1 50 theme marine 263:268 arg1 microorganisms 270:283 marine microorganisms 263:283 marine microorganisms 263:283 Only 1% of marine bacteria are currently culturable using standard laboratory procedures, and this is a major obstacle for our understanding of the biology of marine microorganisms and for the discovery of novel microbial natural products. 28213548 9 51 theme alternative 1552:1562 arg1 substrates 1571:1580 alternative growth substrates 1552:1580 alternative growth substrates 1552:1580 Hence, with alternative growth substrates, it is possible to significantly increase the number and diversity of cultured marine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Serious challenges to human health, such as the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance and an aging human population in need of bioactive pharmaceuticals, have revitalized the search for natural microbial products. 28213548 6 52 contain had 1228:1230 arg2 effects 1245:1251 less obvious effects 1232:1251 less obvious effects 1232:1251 Other factors, such as incubation temperature and time, had less obvious effects on viable counts and culturable diversity. 28213548 6 52 contain had 1228:1230 arg1 time 1222:1225 time 1222:1225 time 1222:1225 Other factors, such as incubation temperature and time, had less obvious effects on viable counts and culturable diversity. 28213548 6 52 contain had 1228:1230 arg1 temperature 1206:1216 incubation temperature 1195:1216 incubation temperature 1195:1216 Other factors, such as incubation temperature and time, had less obvious effects on viable counts and culturable diversity. 28213548 6 52 contain had 1228:1230 arg1 factors 1178:1184 Other factors 1172:1184 Other factors 1172:1184 Other factors, such as incubation temperature and time, had less obvious effects on viable counts and culturable diversity. 28213548 8 53 theme sphingobacteria 1523:1537 arg1 abundance 1510:1518 the relative abundance 1497:1518 the relative abundance of sphingobacteria 1497:1537 However, low concentrations of AHLs increased the relative abundance of sphingobacteria. 28213548 4 54 theme V4 790:791 arg1 sequencing 802:811 V4 amplicon sequencing 790:811 V4 amplicon sequencing 790:811 Through V4 amplicon sequencing we found that culturable diversity was also affected by a change in gelling agent, facilitating the growth of orders not culturable on agar-based substrates. 28213548 9 55 from spread 1751:1756 arg1 need 1816:1819 need 1816:1819 need of bioactive pharmaceuticals 1816:1848 Hence, with alternative growth substrates, it is possible to significantly increase the number and diversity of cultured marine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Serious challenges to human health, such as the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance and an aging human population in need of bioactive pharmaceuticals, have revitalized the search for natural microbial products. 28213548 3 56 theme viable 625:630 arg1 counts 632:637 viable counts 625:637 viable counts 625:637 Replacing agar with gellan gum improved viable counts 3- to 40-fold, depending on medium composition and incubation conditions, with a maximum of 6.6% culturability relative to direct cell counts. 28213548 10 57 theme marine 1915:1920 arg1 environment 1922:1932 The marine environment 1911:1932 The marine environment 1911:1932 The marine environment, representing the largest ecosystem in the biosphere, harbors an immense and virtually untapped microbial diversity producing unique bioactive compounds. 28213548 0 58 theme Signaling 43:51 arg1 Molecules 53:61 Extracellular Signaling Molecules 29:61 Extracellular Signaling Molecules 29:61 Effects of Gelling Agent and Extracellular Signaling Molecules on the Culturability of Marine Bacteria. 28213548 9 59 from occurrence 1736:1745 arg1 need 1816:1819 need 1816:1819 need of bioactive pharmaceuticals 1816:1848 Hence, with alternative growth substrates, it is possible to significantly increase the number and diversity of cultured marine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Serious challenges to human health, such as the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance and an aging human population in need of bioactive pharmaceuticals, have revitalized the search for natural microbial products. 28213548 9 60 theme bioactive 1824:1832 arg1 pharmaceuticals 1834:1848 bioactive pharmaceuticals 1824:1848 bioactive pharmaceuticals 1824:1848 Hence, with alternative growth substrates, it is possible to significantly increase the number and diversity of cultured marine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Serious challenges to human health, such as the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance and an aging human population in need of bioactive pharmaceuticals, have revitalized the search for natural microbial products. 28213548 10 61 theme unique 2060:2065 arg1 compounds 2077:2085 unique bioactive compounds 2060:2085 unique bioactive compounds 2060:2085 The marine environment, representing the largest ecosystem in the biosphere, harbors an immense and virtually untapped microbial diversity producing unique bioactive compounds. 28213548 2 62 theme study 375:379 arg1 purpose 359:365 the purpose 355:365 the purpose of this study 355:379 Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate if improved cultivation conditions, including the use of an alternative gelling agent and supplementation with signaling molecules, improve the culturability of bacteria from seawater. 28213548 6 63 theme viable 1256:1261 arg1 counts 1263:1268 viable counts 1256:1268 viable counts 1256:1268 Other factors, such as incubation temperature and time, had less obvious effects on viable counts and culturable diversity. 28213548 7 64 theme culturable 1429:1438 arg1 diversity 1440:1448 culturable diversity 1429:1448 culturable diversity 1429:1448 Supplementation with acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) did not have a positive effect on total viable counts or a strong effect on culturable diversity. 28213548 4 65 theme culturable 827:836 arg1 diversity 838:846 culturable diversity 827:846 culturable diversity 827:846 Through V4 amplicon sequencing we found that culturable diversity was also affected by a change in gelling agent, facilitating the growth of orders not culturable on agar-based substrates. 28213548 3 66 theme medium 667:672 arg1 composition 674:684 medium composition 667:684 medium composition 667:684 Replacing agar with gellan gum improved viable counts 3- to 40-fold, depending on medium composition and incubation conditions, with a maximum of 6.6% culturability relative to direct cell counts. 28213548 13 67 theme bacterial 2533:2541 arg1 orders 2543:2548 hitherto unknown bacterial orders 2516:2548 hitherto unknown bacterial orders 2516:2548 In this study, we present a means to increase the number and diversity of cultured bacteria from seawater, showing that relatively simple changes to medium components may facilitate the isolation and growth of hitherto unknown bacterial orders. 28213548 4 68 from growth 913:918 arg1 substrates 959:968 agar-based substrates 948:968 agar-based substrates 948:968 Through V4 amplicon sequencing we found that culturable diversity was also affected by a change in gelling agent, facilitating the growth of orders not culturable on agar-based substrates. 28213548 9 69 theme natural 1883:1889 arg1 products 1901:1908 natural microbial products 1883:1908 natural microbial products 1883:1908 Hence, with alternative growth substrates, it is possible to significantly increase the number and diversity of cultured marine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Serious challenges to human health, such as the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance and an aging human population in need of bioactive pharmaceuticals, have revitalized the search for natural microbial products. 28213548 11 70 theme minute 2139:2144 arg1 fraction 2146:2153 only a minute fraction 2132:2153 only a minute fraction of this diversity 2132:2171 However, we are currently able to cultivate only a minute fraction of this diversity. 28213548 7 71 theme viable 1393:1398 arg1 counts 1400:1405 total viable counts 1387:1405 total viable counts 1387:1405 Supplementation with acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) did not have a positive effect on total viable counts or a strong effect on culturable diversity. 28213548 1 72 theme laboratory 171:180 arg1 procedures 182:191 standard laboratory procedures 162:191 standard laboratory procedures 162:191 Only 1% of marine bacteria are currently culturable using standard laboratory procedures, and this is a major obstacle for our understanding of the biology of marine microorganisms and for the discovery of novel microbial natural products. 28213548 9 73 theme marine 1661:1666 arg1 challenges 1696:1705 cultured marine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Serious challenges 1652:1705 cultured marine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Serious challenges 1652:1705 Hence, with alternative growth substrates, it is possible to significantly increase the number and diversity of cultured marine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Serious challenges to human health, such as the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance and an aging human population in need of bioactive pharmaceuticals, have revitalized the search for natural microbial products. 28213548 9 73 theme marine 1661:1666 arg1 occurrence 1736:1745 occurrence 1736:1745 occurrence 1736:1745 Hence, with alternative growth substrates, it is possible to significantly increase the number and diversity of cultured marine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Serious challenges to human health, such as the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance and an aging human population in need of bioactive pharmaceuticals, have revitalized the search for natural microbial products. 28213548 9 73 theme marine 1661:1666 arg1 population 1802:1811 an aging human population 1787:1811 an aging human population in need of bioactive pharmaceuticals 1787:1848 Hence, with alternative growth substrates, it is possible to significantly increase the number and diversity of cultured marine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Serious challenges to human health, such as the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance and an aging human population in need of bioactive pharmaceuticals, have revitalized the search for natural microbial products. 28213548 9 73 theme marine 1661:1666 arg1 spread 1751:1756 spread 1751:1756 spread 1751:1756 Hence, with alternative growth substrates, it is possible to significantly increase the number and diversity of cultured marine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Serious challenges to human health, such as the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance and an aging human population in need of bioactive pharmaceuticals, have revitalized the search for natural microbial products. 28213548 3 74 theme 6.6 731:733 arg1 % 734:734 % 734:734 % 734:734 Replacing agar with gellan gum improved viable counts 3- to 40-fold, depending on medium composition and incubation conditions, with a maximum of 6.6% culturability relative to direct cell counts. 28213548 9 75 dep occurrence 1736:1745 arg1 the 1732:1734 the 1732:1734 the 1732:1734 Hence, with alternative growth substrates, it is possible to significantly increase the number and diversity of cultured marine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Serious challenges to human health, such as the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance and an aging human population in need of bioactive pharmaceuticals, have revitalized the search for natural microbial products. 28213548 9 76 theme Serious 1688:1694 arg1 challenges 1696:1705 cultured marine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Serious challenges 1652:1705 cultured marine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Serious challenges 1652:1705 Hence, with alternative growth substrates, it is possible to significantly increase the number and diversity of cultured marine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Serious challenges to human health, such as the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance and an aging human population in need of bioactive pharmaceuticals, have revitalized the search for natural microbial products. 28213548 9 76 theme Serious 1688:1694 arg1 occurrence 1736:1745 occurrence 1736:1745 occurrence 1736:1745 Hence, with alternative growth substrates, it is possible to significantly increase the number and diversity of cultured marine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Serious challenges to human health, such as the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance and an aging human population in need of bioactive pharmaceuticals, have revitalized the search for natural microbial products. 28213548 9 76 theme Serious 1688:1694 arg1 population 1802:1811 an aging human population 1787:1811 an aging human population in need of bioactive pharmaceuticals 1787:1848 Hence, with alternative growth substrates, it is possible to significantly increase the number and diversity of cultured marine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Serious challenges to human health, such as the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance and an aging human population in need of bioactive pharmaceuticals, have revitalized the search for natural microbial products. 28213548 9 76 theme Serious 1688:1694 arg1 spread 1751:1756 spread 1751:1756 spread 1751:1756 Hence, with alternative growth substrates, it is possible to significantly increase the number and diversity of cultured marine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Serious challenges to human health, such as the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance and an aging human population in need of bioactive pharmaceuticals, have revitalized the search for natural microbial products. 28213548 7 77 theme positive 1368:1375 arg1 effect 1377:1382 a positive effect 1366:1382 a positive effect on total viable counts 1366:1405 Supplementation with acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) did not have a positive effect on total viable counts or a strong effect on culturable diversity. 28213548 2 78 theme signaling 511:519 arg1 molecules 521:529 signaling molecules 511:529 signaling molecules 511:529 Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate if improved cultivation conditions, including the use of an alternative gelling agent and supplementation with signaling molecules, improve the culturability of bacteria from seawater. 28213548 13 79 theme simple 2437:2442 arg1 changes 2444:2450 relatively simple changes 2426:2450 relatively simple changes to medium components 2426:2471 In this study, we present a means to increase the number and diversity of cultured bacteria from seawater, showing that relatively simple changes to medium components may facilitate the isolation and growth of hitherto unknown bacterial orders. 28213548 10 80 theme largest 1952:1958 arg1 ecosystem 1960:1968 the largest ecosystem 1948:1968 the largest ecosystem in the biosphere 1948:1985 The marine environment, representing the largest ecosystem in the biosphere, harbors an immense and virtually untapped microbial diversity producing unique bioactive compounds. 28213548 12 81 theme marine 2289:2294 arg1 microbes 2296:2303 marine microbes 2289:2303 marine microbes 2289:2303 The lack of cultivated microbes is hampering not only bioprospecting efforts but also our general understanding of marine microbes. 28213548 3 82 theme culturability 736:748 arg1 maximum 720:726 a maximum 718:726 a maximum of 6.6% culturability relative to direct cell counts 718:779 Replacing agar with gellan gum improved viable counts 3- to 40-fold, depending on medium composition and incubation conditions, with a maximum of 6.6% culturability relative to direct cell counts. 28213548 5 83 theme gellan 1023:1028 arg1 substrates 1034:1043 gellan gum substrates 1023:1043 gellan gum substrates 1023:1043 Community analyses showed that communities grown on gellan gum substrates were significantly different from communities grown on agar and that they covered a larger fraction of the seawater community. 28213548 3 84 theme gellan 605:610 arg1 gum 612:614 gellan gum 605:614 gellan gum 605:614 Replacing agar with gellan gum improved viable counts 3- to 40-fold, depending on medium composition and incubation conditions, with a maximum of 6.6% culturability relative to direct cell counts. 28213548 10 85 theme immense 1999:2005 arg1 diversity 2040:2048 an immense and virtually untapped microbial diversity 1996:2048 an immense and virtually untapped microbial diversity producing unique bioactive compounds 1996:2085 The marine environment, representing the largest ecosystem in the biosphere, harbors an immense and virtually untapped microbial diversity producing unique bioactive compounds. 28213548 1 86 theme bacteria 122:129 arg1 % 110:110 Only 1% 104:110 Only 1% of marine bacteria 104:129 Only 1% of marine bacteria are currently culturable using standard laboratory procedures, and this is a major obstacle for our understanding of the biology of marine microorganisms and for the discovery of novel microbial natural products. 28213548 1 86 theme bacteria 122:129 arg1 bacteria 122:129 marine bacteria 115:129 marine bacteria 115:129 Only 1% of marine bacteria are currently culturable using standard laboratory procedures, and this is a major obstacle for our understanding of the biology of marine microorganisms and for the discovery of novel microbial natural products. 28213548 10 87 theme bioactive 2067:2075 arg1 compounds 2077:2085 unique bioactive compounds 2060:2085 unique bioactive compounds 2060:2085 The marine environment, representing the largest ecosystem in the biosphere, harbors an immense and virtually untapped microbial diversity producing unique bioactive compounds. 28213548 2 88 theme alternative 460:470 arg1 agent 480:484 an alternative gelling agent 457:484 an alternative gelling agent 457:484 Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate if improved cultivation conditions, including the use of an alternative gelling agent and supplementation with signaling molecules, improve the culturability of bacteria from seawater. 28213548 8 89 theme low 1460:1462 arg1 concentrations 1464:1477 low concentrations 1460:1477 low concentrations of AHLs 1460:1485 However, low concentrations of AHLs increased the relative abundance of sphingobacteria. 28213548 6 90 theme Other 1172:1176 arg1 time 1222:1225 time 1222:1225 time 1222:1225 Other factors, such as incubation temperature and time, had less obvious effects on viable counts and culturable diversity. 28213548 6 90 theme Other 1172:1176 arg1 temperature 1206:1216 incubation temperature 1195:1216 incubation temperature 1195:1216 Other factors, such as incubation temperature and time, had less obvious effects on viable counts and culturable diversity. 28213548 6 90 theme Other 1172:1176 arg1 factors 1178:1184 Other factors 1172:1184 Other factors 1172:1184 Other factors, such as incubation temperature and time, had less obvious effects on viable counts and culturable diversity. 28213548 3 91 theme cell 769:772 arg1 counts 774:779 direct cell counts 762:779 direct cell counts 762:779 Replacing agar with gellan gum improved viable counts 3- to 40-fold, depending on medium composition and incubation conditions, with a maximum of 6.6% culturability relative to direct cell counts. 28213548 1 92 theme novel 310:314 arg1 products 334:341 novel microbial natural products 310:341 novel microbial natural products 310:341 Only 1% of marine bacteria are currently culturable using standard laboratory procedures, and this is a major obstacle for our understanding of the biology of marine microorganisms and for the discovery of novel microbial natural products. 28213548 12 93 theme microbes 2296:2303 arg1 understanding 2272:2284 our general understanding 2260:2284 not only bioprospecting efforts but also our general understanding of marine microbes 2219:2303 The lack of cultivated microbes is hampering not only bioprospecting efforts but also our general understanding of marine microbes. 28213548 12 93 theme microbes 2296:2303 arg1 efforts 2243:2249 bioprospecting efforts 2228:2249 not only bioprospecting efforts but also our general understanding of marine microbes 2219:2303 The lack of cultivated microbes is hampering not only bioprospecting efforts but also our general understanding of marine microbes. 28213548 10 94 theme microbial 2030:2038 arg1 diversity 2040:2048 an immense and virtually untapped microbial diversity 1996:2048 an immense and virtually untapped microbial diversity producing unique bioactive compounds 1996:2085 The marine environment, representing the largest ecosystem in the biosphere, harbors an immense and virtually untapped microbial diversity producing unique bioactive compounds. 28213548 0 95 theme Bacteria 94:101 arg1 Culturability 70:82 the Culturability 66:82 the Culturability of Marine Bacteria 66:101 Effects of Gelling Agent and Extracellular Signaling Molecules on the Culturability of Marine Bacteria. 28213548 1 96 theme natural 326:332 arg1 products 334:341 novel microbial natural products 310:341 novel microbial natural products 310:341 Only 1% of marine bacteria are currently culturable using standard laboratory procedures, and this is a major obstacle for our understanding of the biology of marine microorganisms and for the discovery of novel microbial natural products. 28213548 10 97 from ecosystem 1960:1968 arg1 biosphere 1977:1985 the biosphere 1973:1985 the biosphere 1973:1985 The marine environment, representing the largest ecosystem in the biosphere, harbors an immense and virtually untapped microbial diversity producing unique bioactive compounds. 28213548 13 98 attach present 2324:2330 arg2 we 2321:2322 we 2321:2322 we 2321:2322 In this study, we present a means to increase the number and diversity of cultured bacteria from seawater, showing that relatively simple changes to medium components may facilitate the isolation and growth of hitherto unknown bacterial orders. 28213548 13 98 attach present 2324:2330 arg1 study 2314:2318 this study 2309:2318 this study 2309:2318 In this study, we present a means to increase the number and diversity of cultured bacteria from seawater, showing that relatively simple changes to medium components may facilitate the isolation and growth of hitherto unknown bacterial orders. 28213548 2 99 theme agent 480:484 arg1 supplementation 490:504 supplementation 490:504 supplementation with signaling molecules 490:529 Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate if improved cultivation conditions, including the use of an alternative gelling agent and supplementation with signaling molecules, improve the culturability of bacteria from seawater. 28213548 2 99 theme agent 480:484 arg1 use 450:452 the use 446:452 the use of an alternative gelling agent 446:484 Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate if improved cultivation conditions, including the use of an alternative gelling agent and supplementation with signaling molecules, improve the culturability of bacteria from seawater. 28213548 8 100 theme relative 1501:1508 arg1 abundance 1510:1518 the relative abundance 1497:1518 the relative abundance of sphingobacteria 1497:1537 However, low concentrations of AHLs increased the relative abundance of sphingobacteria. 28213548 12 101 theme bioprospecting 2228:2241 arg1 efforts 2243:2249 bioprospecting efforts 2228:2249 not only bioprospecting efforts but also our general understanding of marine microbes 2219:2303 The lack of cultivated microbes is hampering not only bioprospecting efforts but also our general understanding of marine microbes. 28213548 9 102 theme antibiotic 1761:1770 arg1 resistance 1772:1781 antibiotic resistance 1761:1781 antibiotic resistance 1761:1781 Hence, with alternative growth substrates, it is possible to significantly increase the number and diversity of cultured marine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Serious challenges to human health, such as the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance and an aging human population in need of bioactive pharmaceuticals, have revitalized the search for natural microbial products. 28213548 9 103 dep number 1628:1633 arg1 revitalized 1856:1866 revitalized 1856:1866 have revitalized the search for natural microbial products 1851:1908 Hence, with alternative growth substrates, it is possible to significantly increase the number and diversity of cultured marine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Serious challenges to human health, such as the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance and an aging human population in need of bioactive pharmaceuticals, have revitalized the search for natural microbial products. 28213548 13 104 theme cultured 2380:2387 arg1 bacteria 2389:2396 cultured bacteria 2380:2396 cultured bacteria from seawater 2380:2410 In this study, we present a means to increase the number and diversity of cultured bacteria from seawater, showing that relatively simple changes to medium components may facilitate the isolation and growth of hitherto unknown bacterial orders. 28213548 2 105 theme cultivation 412:422 arg1 conditions 424:433 improved cultivation conditions 403:433 improved cultivation conditions 403:433 Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate if improved cultivation conditions, including the use of an alternative gelling agent and supplementation with signaling molecules, improve the culturability of bacteria from seawater. 28213548 2 105 theme cultivation 412:422 arg1 supplementation 490:504 supplementation 490:504 supplementation with signaling molecules 490:529 Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate if improved cultivation conditions, including the use of an alternative gelling agent and supplementation with signaling molecules, improve the culturability of bacteria from seawater. 28213548 2 105 theme cultivation 412:422 arg1 use 450:452 the use 446:452 the use of an alternative gelling agent 446:484 Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate if improved cultivation conditions, including the use of an alternative gelling agent and supplementation with signaling molecules, improve the culturability of bacteria from seawater. 28213548 2 106 from seawater 575:582 arg1 culturability 544:556 the culturability 540:556 the culturability of bacteria from seawater 540:582 Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate if improved cultivation conditions, including the use of an alternative gelling agent and supplementation with signaling molecules, improve the culturability of bacteria from seawater. 28213548 2 106 from seawater 575:582 arg1 bacteria 561:568 bacteria 561:568 bacteria from seawater 561:582 Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate if improved cultivation conditions, including the use of an alternative gelling agent and supplementation with signaling molecules, improve the culturability of bacteria from seawater. 28213548 12 107 theme cultivated 2186:2195 arg1 microbes 2197:2204 cultivated microbes 2186:2204 cultivated microbes 2186:2204 The lack of cultivated microbes is hampering not only bioprospecting efforts but also our general understanding of marine microbes. 28213548 13 108 from diversity 2367:2375 arg1 seawater 2403:2410 seawater 2403:2410 seawater 2403:2410 In this study, we present a means to increase the number and diversity of cultured bacteria from seawater, showing that relatively simple changes to medium components may facilitate the isolation and growth of hitherto unknown bacterial orders. 28213548 5 109 from communities 1079:1089 arg1 different 1064:1072 different 1064:1072 different 1064:1072 Community analyses showed that communities grown on gellan gum substrates were significantly different from communities grown on agar and that they covered a larger fraction of the seawater community. 28213548 5 110 theme seawater 1152:1159 arg1 community 1161:1169 the seawater community 1148:1169 the seawater community 1148:1169 Community analyses showed that communities grown on gellan gum substrates were significantly different from communities grown on agar and that they covered a larger fraction of the seawater community. 28213548 2 111 with supplementation 490:504 arg1 molecules 521:529 signaling molecules 511:529 signaling molecules 511:529 Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate if improved cultivation conditions, including the use of an alternative gelling agent and supplementation with signaling molecules, improve the culturability of bacteria from seawater. 28213548 9 112 theme human 1796:1800 arg1 population 1802:1811 an aging human population 1787:1811 an aging human population in need of bioactive pharmaceuticals 1787:1848 Hence, with alternative growth substrates, it is possible to significantly increase the number and diversity of cultured marine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Serious challenges to human health, such as the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance and an aging human population in need of bioactive pharmaceuticals, have revitalized the search for natural microbial products. 28213548 13 113 from number 2356:2361 arg1 seawater 2403:2410 seawater 2403:2410 seawater 2403:2410 In this study, we present a means to increase the number and diversity of cultured bacteria from seawater, showing that relatively simple changes to medium components may facilitate the isolation and growth of hitherto unknown bacterial orders. 28213548 0 114 theme Extracellular 29:41 arg1 Molecules 53:61 Extracellular Signaling Molecules 29:61 Extracellular Signaling Molecules 29:61 Effects of Gelling Agent and Extracellular Signaling Molecules on the Culturability of Marine Bacteria. 28213548 1 115 theme microorganisms 270:283 arg1 biology 252:258 the biology 248:258 the biology of marine microorganisms 248:283 Only 1% of marine bacteria are currently culturable using standard laboratory procedures, and this is a major obstacle for our understanding of the biology of marine microorganisms and for the discovery of novel microbial natural products. 28213548 9 116 theme growth 1564:1569 arg1 substrates 1571:1580 alternative growth substrates 1552:1580 alternative growth substrates 1552:1580 Hence, with alternative growth substrates, it is possible to significantly increase the number and diversity of cultured marine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Serious challenges to human health, such as the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance and an aging human population in need of bioactive pharmaceuticals, have revitalized the search for natural microbial products. 28213548 9 117 theme resistance 1772:1781 arg1 occurrence 1736:1745 occurrence 1736:1745 occurrence 1736:1745 Hence, with alternative growth substrates, it is possible to significantly increase the number and diversity of cultured marine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Serious challenges to human health, such as the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance and an aging human population in need of bioactive pharmaceuticals, have revitalized the search for natural microbial products. 28213548 9 117 theme resistance 1772:1781 arg1 spread 1751:1756 spread 1751:1756 spread 1751:1756 Hence, with alternative growth substrates, it is possible to significantly increase the number and diversity of cultured marine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Serious challenges to human health, such as the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance and an aging human population in need of bioactive pharmaceuticals, have revitalized the search for natural microbial products. 28213548 9 117 theme resistance 1772:1781 arg1 population 1802:1811 an aging human population 1787:1811 an aging human population in need of bioactive pharmaceuticals 1787:1848 Hence, with alternative growth substrates, it is possible to significantly increase the number and diversity of cultured marine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Serious challenges to human health, such as the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance and an aging human population in need of bioactive pharmaceuticals, have revitalized the search for natural microbial products. 28213548 0 118 theme Molecules 53:61 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of Gelling Agent and Extracellular Signaling Molecules on the Culturability of Marine Bacteria 0:101 Effects of Gelling Agent and Extracellular Signaling Molecules on the Culturability of Marine Bacteria. 28213548 5 119 theme larger 1129:1134 arg1 fraction 1136:1143 a larger fraction 1127:1143 a larger fraction of the seawater community 1127:1169 Community analyses showed that communities grown on gellan gum substrates were significantly different from communities grown on agar and that they covered a larger fraction of the seawater community. 28213548 12 120 theme general 2264:2270 arg1 understanding 2272:2284 our general understanding 2260:2284 not only bioprospecting efforts but also our general understanding of marine microbes 2219:2303 The lack of cultivated microbes is hampering not only bioprospecting efforts but also our general understanding of marine microbes. 28213548 2 121 theme improved 403:410 arg1 conditions 424:433 improved cultivation conditions 403:433 improved cultivation conditions 403:433 Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate if improved cultivation conditions, including the use of an alternative gelling agent and supplementation with signaling molecules, improve the culturability of bacteria from seawater. 28213548 2 121 theme improved 403:410 arg1 supplementation 490:504 supplementation 490:504 supplementation with signaling molecules 490:529 Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate if improved cultivation conditions, including the use of an alternative gelling agent and supplementation with signaling molecules, improve the culturability of bacteria from seawater. 28213548 2 121 theme improved 403:410 arg1 use 450:452 the use 446:452 the use of an alternative gelling agent 446:484 Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate if improved cultivation conditions, including the use of an alternative gelling agent and supplementation with signaling molecules, improve the culturability of bacteria from seawater. 28213548 4 122 theme amplicon 793:800 arg1 sequencing 802:811 V4 amplicon sequencing 790:811 V4 amplicon sequencing 790:811 Through V4 amplicon sequencing we found that culturable diversity was also affected by a change in gelling agent, facilitating the growth of orders not culturable on agar-based substrates. 28213548 9 123 theme pharmaceuticals 1834:1848 arg1 need 1816:1819 need 1816:1819 need of bioactive pharmaceuticals 1816:1848 Hence, with alternative growth substrates, it is possible to significantly increase the number and diversity of cultured marine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Serious challenges to human health, such as the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance and an aging human population in need of bioactive pharmaceuticals, have revitalized the search for natural microbial products. 28213548 1 124 theme major 208:212 arg1 obstacle 214:221 a major obstacle 206:221 a major obstacle for our understanding of the biology of marine microorganisms and for the discovery of novel microbial natural products 206:341 Only 1% of marine bacteria are currently culturable using standard laboratory procedures, and this is a major obstacle for our understanding of the biology of marine microorganisms and for the discovery of novel microbial natural products. 28213548 1 124 theme major 208:212 arg1 this 198:201 this 198:201 this 198:201 Only 1% of marine bacteria are currently culturable using standard laboratory procedures, and this is a major obstacle for our understanding of the biology of marine microorganisms and for the discovery of novel microbial natural products. 28213548 5 125 theme Community 971:979 arg1 analyses 981:988 Community analyses 971:988 Community analyses 971:988 Community analyses showed that communities grown on gellan gum substrates were significantly different from communities grown on agar and that they covered a larger fraction of the seawater community. 28213548 3 126 dep 3- 639:640 arg1 to 642:643 to 642:643 to 642:643 Replacing agar with gellan gum improved viable counts 3- to 40-fold, depending on medium composition and incubation conditions, with a maximum of 6.6% culturability relative to direct cell counts. 28914314 8 0 theme healthier 1379:1387 arg1 foods 1327:1331 these novel gluten-free snack-like foods 1292:1331 these novel gluten-free snack-like foods 1292:1331 Because of its balanced nutritional composition, high dietary fiber content, as well as low energy density, these novel gluten-free snack-like foods could be considered as functional foods and a healthier alternative to commercially available gluten-containing or gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks. 28914314 8 0 theme healthier 1379:1387 arg1 alternative 1389:1399 a healthier alternative 1377:1399 a healthier alternative to commercially available gluten-containing or gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks 1377:1491 Because of its balanced nutritional composition, high dietary fiber content, as well as low energy density, these novel gluten-free snack-like foods could be considered as functional foods and a healthier alternative to commercially available gluten-containing or gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks. 28914314 0 1 theme flour 148:152 arg1 blends 154:159 carob flour blends 142:159 carob flour blends 142:159 The impact of extrusion on the nutritional composition, dietary fiber and in vitro digestibility of gluten-free snacks based on rice, pea and carob flour blends. 28914314 2 2 theme carob 318:322 arg1 blends 330:335 different rice, pea and carob flour blends 294:335 different rice, pea and carob flour blends 294:335 Expanded snacks with a high nutritional value were developed from different rice, pea and carob flour blends. 28914314 8 3 theme nutritional 1468:1478 arg1 snacks 1486:1491 gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks 1448:1491 gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks 1448:1491 Because of its balanced nutritional composition, high dietary fiber content, as well as low energy density, these novel gluten-free snack-like foods could be considered as functional foods and a healthier alternative to commercially available gluten-containing or gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks. 28914314 8 4 theme gluten-free 1304:1314 arg1 foods 1327:1331 these novel gluten-free snack-like foods 1292:1331 these novel gluten-free snack-like foods 1292:1331 Because of its balanced nutritional composition, high dietary fiber content, as well as low energy density, these novel gluten-free snack-like foods could be considered as functional foods and a healthier alternative to commercially available gluten-containing or gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks. 28914314 8 4 theme gluten-free 1304:1314 arg1 foods 1367:1371 functional foods 1356:1371 functional foods 1356:1371 Because of its balanced nutritional composition, high dietary fiber content, as well as low energy density, these novel gluten-free snack-like foods could be considered as functional foods and a healthier alternative to commercially available gluten-containing or gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks. 28914314 8 4 theme gluten-free 1304:1314 arg1 alternative 1389:1399 a healthier alternative 1377:1399 a healthier alternative to commercially available gluten-containing or gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks 1377:1491 Because of its balanced nutritional composition, high dietary fiber content, as well as low energy density, these novel gluten-free snack-like foods could be considered as functional foods and a healthier alternative to commercially available gluten-containing or gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks. 28914314 0 5 from impact 4:9 arg1 fiber 64:68 dietary fiber 56:68 dietary fiber 56:68 The impact of extrusion on the nutritional composition, dietary fiber and in vitro digestibility of gluten-free snacks based on rice, pea and carob flour blends. 28914314 0 5 from impact 4:9 arg1 digestibility 83:95 in vitro digestibility 74:95 in vitro digestibility 74:95 The impact of extrusion on the nutritional composition, dietary fiber and in vitro digestibility of gluten-free snacks based on rice, pea and carob flour blends. 28914314 0 5 from impact 4:9 arg1 composition 43:53 nutritional composition 31:53 nutritional composition 31:53 The impact of extrusion on the nutritional composition, dietary fiber and in vitro digestibility of gluten-free snacks based on rice, pea and carob flour blends. 28914314 0 6 theme carob 142:146 arg1 blends 154:159 carob flour blends 142:159 carob flour blends 142:159 The impact of extrusion on the nutritional composition, dietary fiber and in vitro digestibility of gluten-free snacks based on rice, pea and carob flour blends. 28914314 5 7 theme total 843:847 arg1 content 856:862 The total starch content 839:862 The total starch content of all studied blends 839:884 The total starch content of all studied blends increased (2-19%) after extrusion. 28914314 8 8 theme fiber 1246:1250 arg1 content 1252:1258 high dietary fiber content 1233:1258 high dietary fiber content 1233:1258 Because of its balanced nutritional composition, high dietary fiber content, as well as low energy density, these novel gluten-free snack-like foods could be considered as functional foods and a healthier alternative to commercially available gluten-containing or gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks. 28914314 8 8 theme fiber 1246:1250 arg1 composition 1220:1230 its balanced nutritional composition 1195:1230 its balanced nutritional composition 1195:1230 Because of its balanced nutritional composition, high dietary fiber content, as well as low energy density, these novel gluten-free snack-like foods could be considered as functional foods and a healthier alternative to commercially available gluten-containing or gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks. 28914314 5 9 theme studied 871:877 arg1 blends 879:884 all studied blends 867:884 all studied blends 867:884 The total starch content of all studied blends increased (2-19%) after extrusion. 28914314 4 10 theme soluble 754:760 arg1 protein 762:768 the soluble protein 750:768 the soluble protein (61-86%) 750:777 Compared with the corresponding non-extruded blends (control), the extrusion treatment did not change the total protein content, however, it reduced the soluble protein (61-86%), the fat (69-92%) and the resistant starch contents (100%). 28914314 4 10 theme soluble 754:760 arg1 % 776:776 61-86% 771:776 61-86% 771:776 Compared with the corresponding non-extruded blends (control), the extrusion treatment did not change the total protein content, however, it reduced the soluble protein (61-86%), the fat (69-92%) and the resistant starch contents (100%). 28914314 2 11 theme nutritional 256:266 arg1 value 268:272 a high nutritional value 249:272 a high nutritional value 249:272 Expanded snacks with a high nutritional value were developed from different rice, pea and carob flour blends. 28914314 8 12 theme balanced 1199:1206 arg1 content 1252:1258 high dietary fiber content 1233:1258 high dietary fiber content 1233:1258 Because of its balanced nutritional composition, high dietary fiber content, as well as low energy density, these novel gluten-free snack-like foods could be considered as functional foods and a healthier alternative to commercially available gluten-containing or gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks. 28914314 8 12 theme balanced 1199:1206 arg1 composition 1220:1230 its balanced nutritional composition 1195:1230 its balanced nutritional composition 1195:1230 Because of its balanced nutritional composition, high dietary fiber content, as well as low energy density, these novel gluten-free snack-like foods could be considered as functional foods and a healthier alternative to commercially available gluten-containing or gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks. 28914314 8 12 theme balanced 1199:1206 arg1 density 1283:1289 low energy density 1272:1289 low energy density 1272:1289 Because of its balanced nutritional composition, high dietary fiber content, as well as low energy density, these novel gluten-free snack-like foods could be considered as functional foods and a healthier alternative to commercially available gluten-containing or gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks. 28914314 0 13 theme in 74:75 arg1 digestibility 83:95 in vitro digestibility 74:95 in vitro digestibility 74:95 The impact of extrusion on the nutritional composition, dietary fiber and in vitro digestibility of gluten-free snacks based on rice, pea and carob flour blends. 28914314 3 14 theme in 476:477 arg1 digestibility 493:505 the in vitro protein digestibility 472:505 the in vitro protein digestibility of different rice-legume formulations 472:543 The proximate composition, starch (total and resistant), amylose and amylopectin, dietary fiber (soluble and insoluble) contents, and the in vitro protein digestibility of different rice-legume formulations, were evaluated before and after the extrusion process. 28914314 2 15 theme high 251:254 arg1 value 268:272 a high nutritional value 249:272 a high nutritional value 249:272 Expanded snacks with a high nutritional value were developed from different rice, pea and carob flour blends. 28914314 3 16 theme fiber 428:432 arg1 contents 458:465 dietary fiber (soluble and insoluble) contents 420:465 dietary fiber (soluble and insoluble) contents 420:465 The proximate composition, starch (total and resistant), amylose and amylopectin, dietary fiber (soluble and insoluble) contents, and the in vitro protein digestibility of different rice-legume formulations, were evaluated before and after the extrusion process. 28914314 7 17 theme dietary 1035:1041 arg1 fiber 1043:1047 Total dietary fiber 1029:1047 Total dietary fiber 1029:1047 Total dietary fiber was reduced around 30%, and the insoluble fraction was affected to a larger extent than the soluble fraction by the extrusion process. 28914314 4 18 theme protein 713:719 arg1 content 721:727 the total protein content 703:727 the total protein content 703:727 Compared with the corresponding non-extruded blends (control), the extrusion treatment did not change the total protein content, however, it reduced the soluble protein (61-86%), the fat (69-92%) and the resistant starch contents (100%). 28914314 5 19 dep increased 886:894 arg1 % 901:901 2-19% 897:901 2-19% 897:901 The total starch content of all studied blends increased (2-19%) after extrusion. 28914314 8 20 theme value 1480:1484 arg1 snacks 1486:1491 gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks 1448:1491 gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks 1448:1491 Because of its balanced nutritional composition, high dietary fiber content, as well as low energy density, these novel gluten-free snack-like foods could be considered as functional foods and a healthier alternative to commercially available gluten-containing or gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks. 28914314 8 21 theme functional 1356:1365 arg1 foods 1327:1331 these novel gluten-free snack-like foods 1292:1331 these novel gluten-free snack-like foods 1292:1331 Because of its balanced nutritional composition, high dietary fiber content, as well as low energy density, these novel gluten-free snack-like foods could be considered as functional foods and a healthier alternative to commercially available gluten-containing or gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks. 28914314 8 21 theme functional 1356:1365 arg1 foods 1367:1371 functional foods 1356:1371 functional foods 1356:1371 Because of its balanced nutritional composition, high dietary fiber content, as well as low energy density, these novel gluten-free snack-like foods could be considered as functional foods and a healthier alternative to commercially available gluten-containing or gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks. 28914314 3 22 dep starch 365:370 arg1 resistant 383:391 resistant 383:391 resistant 383:391 The proximate composition, starch (total and resistant), amylose and amylopectin, dietary fiber (soluble and insoluble) contents, and the in vitro protein digestibility of different rice-legume formulations, were evaluated before and after the extrusion process. 28914314 3 22 dep starch 365:370 arg1 total 373:377 total 373:377 total 373:377 The proximate composition, starch (total and resistant), amylose and amylopectin, dietary fiber (soluble and insoluble) contents, and the in vitro protein digestibility of different rice-legume formulations, were evaluated before and after the extrusion process. 28914314 0 23 dep in 74:75 arg1 vitro 77:81 vitro 77:81 vitro 77:81 The impact of extrusion on the nutritional composition, dietary fiber and in vitro digestibility of gluten-free snacks based on rice, pea and carob flour blends. 28914314 8 24 theme available 1417:1425 arg1 gluten-containing 1427:1443 commercially available gluten-containing 1404:1443 commercially available gluten-containing 1404:1443 Because of its balanced nutritional composition, high dietary fiber content, as well as low energy density, these novel gluten-free snack-like foods could be considered as functional foods and a healthier alternative to commercially available gluten-containing or gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks. 28914314 3 25 theme proximate 342:350 arg1 composition 352:362 The proximate composition 338:362 The proximate composition 338:362 The proximate composition, starch (total and resistant), amylose and amylopectin, dietary fiber (soluble and insoluble) contents, and the in vitro protein digestibility of different rice-legume formulations, were evaluated before and after the extrusion process. 28914314 8 26 theme dietary 1238:1244 arg1 content 1252:1258 high dietary fiber content 1233:1258 high dietary fiber content 1233:1258 Because of its balanced nutritional composition, high dietary fiber content, as well as low energy density, these novel gluten-free snack-like foods could be considered as functional foods and a healthier alternative to commercially available gluten-containing or gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks. 28914314 8 26 theme dietary 1238:1244 arg1 composition 1220:1230 its balanced nutritional composition 1195:1230 its balanced nutritional composition 1195:1230 Because of its balanced nutritional composition, high dietary fiber content, as well as low energy density, these novel gluten-free snack-like foods could be considered as functional foods and a healthier alternative to commercially available gluten-containing or gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks. 28914314 7 27 theme soluble 1141:1147 arg1 fraction 1149:1156 the soluble fraction 1137:1156 the soluble fraction 1137:1156 Total dietary fiber was reduced around 30%, and the insoluble fraction was affected to a larger extent than the soluble fraction by the extrusion process. 28914314 7 28 theme Total 1029:1033 arg1 fiber 1043:1047 Total dietary fiber 1029:1047 Total dietary fiber 1029:1047 Total dietary fiber was reduced around 30%, and the insoluble fraction was affected to a larger extent than the soluble fraction by the extrusion process. 28914314 3 29 dep in 476:477 arg1 vitro 479:483 vitro 479:483 vitro 479:483 The proximate composition, starch (total and resistant), amylose and amylopectin, dietary fiber (soluble and insoluble) contents, and the in vitro protein digestibility of different rice-legume formulations, were evaluated before and after the extrusion process. 28914314 4 30 theme extrusion 668:676 arg1 treatment 678:686 the extrusion treatment 664:686 the extrusion treatment 664:686 Compared with the corresponding non-extruded blends (control), the extrusion treatment did not change the total protein content, however, it reduced the soluble protein (61-86%), the fat (69-92%) and the resistant starch contents (100%). 28914314 0 31 theme extrusion 14:22 arg1 impact 4:9 The impact 0:9 The impact of extrusion on the nutritional composition, dietary fiber and in vitro digestibility of gluten-free snacks based on rice, pea and carob flour blends. 0:160 The impact of extrusion on the nutritional composition, dietary fiber and in vitro digestibility of gluten-free snacks based on rice, pea and carob flour blends. 28914314 0 32 theme snacks 112:117 arg1 fiber 64:68 dietary fiber 56:68 dietary fiber 56:68 The impact of extrusion on the nutritional composition, dietary fiber and in vitro digestibility of gluten-free snacks based on rice, pea and carob flour blends. 28914314 0 32 theme snacks 112:117 arg1 digestibility 83:95 in vitro digestibility 74:95 in vitro digestibility 74:95 The impact of extrusion on the nutritional composition, dietary fiber and in vitro digestibility of gluten-free snacks based on rice, pea and carob flour blends. 28914314 0 32 theme snacks 112:117 arg1 composition 43:53 nutritional composition 31:53 nutritional composition 31:53 The impact of extrusion on the nutritional composition, dietary fiber and in vitro digestibility of gluten-free snacks based on rice, pea and carob flour blends. 28914314 6 33 dep in 950:951 arg1 vitro 953:957 vitro 953:957 vitro 953:957 The processing increased the in vitro protein digestibility, reaching values around 88-95% after extrusion. 28914314 8 34 theme nutritional 1208:1218 arg1 content 1252:1258 high dietary fiber content 1233:1258 high dietary fiber content 1233:1258 Because of its balanced nutritional composition, high dietary fiber content, as well as low energy density, these novel gluten-free snack-like foods could be considered as functional foods and a healthier alternative to commercially available gluten-containing or gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks. 28914314 8 34 theme nutritional 1208:1218 arg1 composition 1220:1230 its balanced nutritional composition 1195:1230 its balanced nutritional composition 1195:1230 Because of its balanced nutritional composition, high dietary fiber content, as well as low energy density, these novel gluten-free snack-like foods could be considered as functional foods and a healthier alternative to commercially available gluten-containing or gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks. 28914314 8 34 theme nutritional 1208:1218 arg1 density 1283:1289 low energy density 1272:1289 low energy density 1272:1289 Because of its balanced nutritional composition, high dietary fiber content, as well as low energy density, these novel gluten-free snack-like foods could be considered as functional foods and a healthier alternative to commercially available gluten-containing or gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks. 28914314 3 35 theme formulations 532:543 arg1 amylopectin 407:417 amylopectin 407:417 amylopectin 407:417 The proximate composition, starch (total and resistant), amylose and amylopectin, dietary fiber (soluble and insoluble) contents, and the in vitro protein digestibility of different rice-legume formulations, were evaluated before and after the extrusion process. 28914314 3 35 theme formulations 532:543 arg1 composition 352:362 The proximate composition 338:362 The proximate composition 338:362 The proximate composition, starch (total and resistant), amylose and amylopectin, dietary fiber (soluble and insoluble) contents, and the in vitro protein digestibility of different rice-legume formulations, were evaluated before and after the extrusion process. 28914314 3 35 theme formulations 532:543 arg1 digestibility 493:505 the in vitro protein digestibility 472:505 the in vitro protein digestibility of different rice-legume formulations 472:543 The proximate composition, starch (total and resistant), amylose and amylopectin, dietary fiber (soluble and insoluble) contents, and the in vitro protein digestibility of different rice-legume formulations, were evaluated before and after the extrusion process. 28914314 3 35 theme formulations 532:543 arg1 amylose 395:401 amylose 395:401 amylose 395:401 The proximate composition, starch (total and resistant), amylose and amylopectin, dietary fiber (soluble and insoluble) contents, and the in vitro protein digestibility of different rice-legume formulations, were evaluated before and after the extrusion process. 28914314 3 35 theme formulations 532:543 arg1 contents 458:465 dietary fiber (soluble and insoluble) contents 420:465 dietary fiber (soluble and insoluble) contents 420:465 The proximate composition, starch (total and resistant), amylose and amylopectin, dietary fiber (soluble and insoluble) contents, and the in vitro protein digestibility of different rice-legume formulations, were evaluated before and after the extrusion process. 28914314 6 36 theme protein 959:965 arg1 digestibility 967:979 the in vitro protein digestibility 946:979 the in vitro protein digestibility 946:979 The processing increased the in vitro protein digestibility, reaching values around 88-95% after extrusion. 28914314 3 37 dep fiber 428:432 arg1 insoluble 447:455 insoluble 447:455 insoluble 447:455 The proximate composition, starch (total and resistant), amylose and amylopectin, dietary fiber (soluble and insoluble) contents, and the in vitro protein digestibility of different rice-legume formulations, were evaluated before and after the extrusion process. 28914314 3 37 dep fiber 428:432 arg1 soluble 435:441 soluble 435:441 soluble 435:441 The proximate composition, starch (total and resistant), amylose and amylopectin, dietary fiber (soluble and insoluble) contents, and the in vitro protein digestibility of different rice-legume formulations, were evaluated before and after the extrusion process. 28914314 0 38 theme gluten-free 100:110 arg1 snacks 112:117 gluten-free snacks 100:117 gluten-free snacks based on rice, pea and carob flour blends 100:159 The impact of extrusion on the nutritional composition, dietary fiber and in vitro digestibility of gluten-free snacks based on rice, pea and carob flour blends. 28914314 3 39 theme extrusion 582:590 arg1 process 592:598 the extrusion process 578:598 the extrusion process 578:598 The proximate composition, starch (total and resistant), amylose and amylopectin, dietary fiber (soluble and insoluble) contents, and the in vitro protein digestibility of different rice-legume formulations, were evaluated before and after the extrusion process. 28914314 3 40 theme protein 485:491 arg1 digestibility 493:505 the in vitro protein digestibility 472:505 the in vitro protein digestibility of different rice-legume formulations 472:543 The proximate composition, starch (total and resistant), amylose and amylopectin, dietary fiber (soluble and insoluble) contents, and the in vitro protein digestibility of different rice-legume formulations, were evaluated before and after the extrusion process. 28914314 7 41 theme insoluble 1081:1089 arg1 fraction 1091:1098 the insoluble fraction 1077:1098 the insoluble fraction 1077:1098 Total dietary fiber was reduced around 30%, and the insoluble fraction was affected to a larger extent than the soluble fraction by the extrusion process. 28914314 4 42 theme starch 815:820 arg1 contents 822:829 the resistant starch contents 801:829 the resistant starch contents (100%) 801:836 Compared with the corresponding non-extruded blends (control), the extrusion treatment did not change the total protein content, however, it reduced the soluble protein (61-86%), the fat (69-92%) and the resistant starch contents (100%). 28914314 4 42 theme starch 815:820 arg1 % 835:835 100% 832:835 100% 832:835 Compared with the corresponding non-extruded blends (control), the extrusion treatment did not change the total protein content, however, it reduced the soluble protein (61-86%), the fat (69-92%) and the resistant starch contents (100%). 28914314 0 43 dep composition 43:53 arg1 the 27:29 the 27:29 the 27:29 The impact of extrusion on the nutritional composition, dietary fiber and in vitro digestibility of gluten-free snacks based on rice, pea and carob flour blends. 28914314 7 44 theme larger 1118:1123 arg1 extent 1125:1130 a larger extent 1116:1130 a larger extent than the soluble fraction 1116:1156 Total dietary fiber was reduced around 30%, and the insoluble fraction was affected to a larger extent than the soluble fraction by the extrusion process. 28914314 8 45 theme high 1233:1236 arg1 content 1252:1258 high dietary fiber content 1233:1258 high dietary fiber content 1233:1258 Because of its balanced nutritional composition, high dietary fiber content, as well as low energy density, these novel gluten-free snack-like foods could be considered as functional foods and a healthier alternative to commercially available gluten-containing or gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks. 28914314 8 45 theme high 1233:1236 arg1 composition 1220:1230 its balanced nutritional composition 1195:1230 its balanced nutritional composition 1195:1230 Because of its balanced nutritional composition, high dietary fiber content, as well as low energy density, these novel gluten-free snack-like foods could be considered as functional foods and a healthier alternative to commercially available gluten-containing or gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks. 28914314 4 46 theme resistant 805:813 arg1 contents 822:829 the resistant starch contents 801:829 the resistant starch contents (100%) 801:836 Compared with the corresponding non-extruded blends (control), the extrusion treatment did not change the total protein content, however, it reduced the soluble protein (61-86%), the fat (69-92%) and the resistant starch contents (100%). 28914314 4 46 theme resistant 805:813 arg1 % 835:835 100% 832:835 100% 832:835 Compared with the corresponding non-extruded blends (control), the extrusion treatment did not change the total protein content, however, it reduced the soluble protein (61-86%), the fat (69-92%) and the resistant starch contents (100%). 28914314 8 47 theme energy 1276:1281 arg1 composition 1220:1230 its balanced nutritional composition 1195:1230 its balanced nutritional composition 1195:1230 Because of its balanced nutritional composition, high dietary fiber content, as well as low energy density, these novel gluten-free snack-like foods could be considered as functional foods and a healthier alternative to commercially available gluten-containing or gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks. 28914314 8 47 theme energy 1276:1281 arg1 density 1283:1289 low energy density 1272:1289 low energy density 1272:1289 Because of its balanced nutritional composition, high dietary fiber content, as well as low energy density, these novel gluten-free snack-like foods could be considered as functional foods and a healthier alternative to commercially available gluten-containing or gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks. 28914314 5 48 theme blends 879:884 arg1 content 856:862 The total starch content 839:862 The total starch content of all studied blends 839:884 The total starch content of all studied blends increased (2-19%) after extrusion. 28914314 1 49 theme food 180:183 arg1 industry 185:192 the food industry 176:192 the food industry 176:192 Consumers and the food industry are demanding healthier products. 28914314 1 49 theme food 180:183 arg1 Consumers 162:170 Consumers 162:170 Consumers 162:170 Consumers and the food industry are demanding healthier products. 28914314 1 49 theme food 180:183 arg1 products 218:225 demanding healthier products 198:225 demanding healthier products 198:225 Consumers and the food industry are demanding healthier products. 28914314 8 50 theme low 1272:1274 arg1 composition 1220:1230 its balanced nutritional composition 1195:1230 its balanced nutritional composition 1195:1230 Because of its balanced nutritional composition, high dietary fiber content, as well as low energy density, these novel gluten-free snack-like foods could be considered as functional foods and a healthier alternative to commercially available gluten-containing or gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks. 28914314 8 50 theme low 1272:1274 arg1 density 1283:1289 low energy density 1272:1289 low energy density 1272:1289 Because of its balanced nutritional composition, high dietary fiber content, as well as low energy density, these novel gluten-free snack-like foods could be considered as functional foods and a healthier alternative to commercially available gluten-containing or gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks. 28914314 3 51 theme different 510:518 arg1 formulations 532:543 different rice-legume formulations 510:543 different rice-legume formulations 510:543 The proximate composition, starch (total and resistant), amylose and amylopectin, dietary fiber (soluble and insoluble) contents, and the in vitro protein digestibility of different rice-legume formulations, were evaluated before and after the extrusion process. 28914314 2 52 theme pea 310:312 arg1 blends 330:335 different rice, pea and carob flour blends 294:335 different rice, pea and carob flour blends 294:335 Expanded snacks with a high nutritional value were developed from different rice, pea and carob flour blends. 28914314 0 53 theme nutritional 31:41 arg1 composition 43:53 nutritional composition 31:53 nutritional composition 31:53 The impact of extrusion on the nutritional composition, dietary fiber and in vitro digestibility of gluten-free snacks based on rice, pea and carob flour blends. 28914314 2 54 with snacks 237:242 arg1 value 268:272 a high nutritional value 249:272 a high nutritional value 249:272 Expanded snacks with a high nutritional value were developed from different rice, pea and carob flour blends. 28914314 3 55 theme rice-legume 520:530 arg1 formulations 532:543 different rice-legume formulations 510:543 different rice-legume formulations 510:543 The proximate composition, starch (total and resistant), amylose and amylopectin, dietary fiber (soluble and insoluble) contents, and the in vitro protein digestibility of different rice-legume formulations, were evaluated before and after the extrusion process. 28914314 8 56 theme low 1464:1466 arg1 snacks 1486:1491 gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks 1448:1491 gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks 1448:1491 Because of its balanced nutritional composition, high dietary fiber content, as well as low energy density, these novel gluten-free snack-like foods could be considered as functional foods and a healthier alternative to commercially available gluten-containing or gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks. 28914314 5 57 theme starch 849:854 arg1 content 856:862 The total starch content 839:862 The total starch content of all studied blends 839:884 The total starch content of all studied blends increased (2-19%) after extrusion. 28914314 4 58 theme corresponding 619:631 arg1 blends 646:651 the corresponding non-extruded blends 615:651 the corresponding non-extruded blends (control) 615:661 Compared with the corresponding non-extruded blends (control), the extrusion treatment did not change the total protein content, however, it reduced the soluble protein (61-86%), the fat (69-92%) and the resistant starch contents (100%). 28914314 4 58 theme corresponding 619:631 arg1 control 654:660 control 654:660 control 654:660 Compared with the corresponding non-extruded blends (control), the extrusion treatment did not change the total protein content, however, it reduced the soluble protein (61-86%), the fat (69-92%) and the resistant starch contents (100%). 28914314 2 59 theme rice 304:307 arg1 blends 330:335 different rice, pea and carob flour blends 294:335 different rice, pea and carob flour blends 294:335 Expanded snacks with a high nutritional value were developed from different rice, pea and carob flour blends. 28914314 4 60 theme total 707:711 arg1 content 721:727 the total protein content 703:727 the total protein content 703:727 Compared with the corresponding non-extruded blends (control), the extrusion treatment did not change the total protein content, however, it reduced the soluble protein (61-86%), the fat (69-92%) and the resistant starch contents (100%). 28914314 8 61 theme novel 1298:1302 arg1 foods 1327:1331 these novel gluten-free snack-like foods 1292:1331 these novel gluten-free snack-like foods 1292:1331 Because of its balanced nutritional composition, high dietary fiber content, as well as low energy density, these novel gluten-free snack-like foods could be considered as functional foods and a healthier alternative to commercially available gluten-containing or gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks. 28914314 8 61 theme novel 1298:1302 arg1 foods 1367:1371 functional foods 1356:1371 functional foods 1356:1371 Because of its balanced nutritional composition, high dietary fiber content, as well as low energy density, these novel gluten-free snack-like foods could be considered as functional foods and a healthier alternative to commercially available gluten-containing or gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks. 28914314 8 61 theme novel 1298:1302 arg1 alternative 1389:1399 a healthier alternative 1377:1399 a healthier alternative to commercially available gluten-containing or gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks 1377:1491 Because of its balanced nutritional composition, high dietary fiber content, as well as low energy density, these novel gluten-free snack-like foods could be considered as functional foods and a healthier alternative to commercially available gluten-containing or gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks. 28914314 2 62 theme Expanded 228:235 arg1 snacks 237:242 Expanded snacks 228:242 Expanded snacks with a high nutritional value 228:272 Expanded snacks with a high nutritional value were developed from different rice, pea and carob flour blends. 28914314 2 63 theme different 294:302 arg1 blends 330:335 different rice, pea and carob flour blends 294:335 different rice, pea and carob flour blends 294:335 Expanded snacks with a high nutritional value were developed from different rice, pea and carob flour blends. 28914314 3 64 theme dietary 420:426 arg1 fiber 428:432 dietary fiber 420:432 dietary fiber (soluble and insoluble) contents 420:465 The proximate composition, starch (total and resistant), amylose and amylopectin, dietary fiber (soluble and insoluble) contents, and the in vitro protein digestibility of different rice-legume formulations, were evaluated before and after the extrusion process. 28914314 0 65 theme dietary 56:62 arg1 fiber 64:68 dietary fiber 56:68 dietary fiber 56:68 The impact of extrusion on the nutritional composition, dietary fiber and in vitro digestibility of gluten-free snacks based on rice, pea and carob flour blends. 28914314 6 66 theme in 950:951 arg1 digestibility 967:979 the in vitro protein digestibility 946:979 the in vitro protein digestibility 946:979 The processing increased the in vitro protein digestibility, reaching values around 88-95% after extrusion. 28914314 7 67 theme extrusion 1165:1173 arg1 process 1175:1181 the extrusion process 1161:1181 the extrusion process 1161:1181 Total dietary fiber was reduced around 30%, and the insoluble fraction was affected to a larger extent than the soluble fraction by the extrusion process. 28914314 4 68 theme non-extruded 633:644 arg1 blends 646:651 the corresponding non-extruded blends 615:651 the corresponding non-extruded blends (control) 615:661 Compared with the corresponding non-extruded blends (control), the extrusion treatment did not change the total protein content, however, it reduced the soluble protein (61-86%), the fat (69-92%) and the resistant starch contents (100%). 28914314 4 68 theme non-extruded 633:644 arg1 control 654:660 control 654:660 control 654:660 Compared with the corresponding non-extruded blends (control), the extrusion treatment did not change the total protein content, however, it reduced the soluble protein (61-86%), the fat (69-92%) and the resistant starch contents (100%). 28914314 1 69 theme demanding 198:206 arg1 industry 185:192 the food industry 176:192 the food industry 176:192 Consumers and the food industry are demanding healthier products. 28914314 1 69 theme demanding 198:206 arg1 Consumers 162:170 Consumers 162:170 Consumers 162:170 Consumers and the food industry are demanding healthier products. 28914314 1 69 theme demanding 198:206 arg1 products 218:225 demanding healthier products 198:225 demanding healthier products 198:225 Consumers and the food industry are demanding healthier products. 28914314 8 70 theme snack-like 1316:1325 arg1 foods 1327:1331 these novel gluten-free snack-like foods 1292:1331 these novel gluten-free snack-like foods 1292:1331 Because of its balanced nutritional composition, high dietary fiber content, as well as low energy density, these novel gluten-free snack-like foods could be considered as functional foods and a healthier alternative to commercially available gluten-containing or gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks. 28914314 8 70 theme snack-like 1316:1325 arg1 foods 1367:1371 functional foods 1356:1371 functional foods 1356:1371 Because of its balanced nutritional composition, high dietary fiber content, as well as low energy density, these novel gluten-free snack-like foods could be considered as functional foods and a healthier alternative to commercially available gluten-containing or gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks. 28914314 8 70 theme snack-like 1316:1325 arg1 alternative 1389:1399 a healthier alternative 1377:1399 a healthier alternative to commercially available gluten-containing or gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks 1377:1491 Because of its balanced nutritional composition, high dietary fiber content, as well as low energy density, these novel gluten-free snack-like foods could be considered as functional foods and a healthier alternative to commercially available gluten-containing or gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks. 28914314 8 71 theme gluten-free 1448:1458 arg1 snacks 1486:1491 gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks 1448:1491 gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks 1448:1491 Because of its balanced nutritional composition, high dietary fiber content, as well as low energy density, these novel gluten-free snack-like foods could be considered as functional foods and a healthier alternative to commercially available gluten-containing or gluten-free and low nutritional value snacks. 28914314 2 72 theme flour 324:328 arg1 blends 330:335 different rice, pea and carob flour blends 294:335 different rice, pea and carob flour blends 294:335 Expanded snacks with a high nutritional value were developed from different rice, pea and carob flour blends. 28914314 1 73 theme healthier 208:216 arg1 industry 185:192 the food industry 176:192 the food industry 176:192 Consumers and the food industry are demanding healthier products. 28914314 1 73 theme healthier 208:216 arg1 Consumers 162:170 Consumers 162:170 Consumers 162:170 Consumers and the food industry are demanding healthier products. 28914314 1 73 theme healthier 208:216 arg1 products 218:225 demanding healthier products 198:225 demanding healthier products 198:225 Consumers and the food industry are demanding healthier products. 29253944 5 0 theme composition 1226:1236 arg1 -oligosaccharides 1279:1295 The DP and the monosaccharide composition of the generated galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides 1196:1295 The DP and the monosaccharide composition of the generated galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides 1196:1295 The DP and the monosaccharide composition of the generated galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers were confirmed. 29253944 1 1 theme 7-12 532:535 arg1 DP 526:527 DP 526:527 DP of 7-12 526:535 A bi-enzymatic system using two multi-enzymatic preparations (Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L) was investigated for the production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers with well-defined degree of polymerisation (DP) from potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. Depending on the reaction condition, yields of low (DP of 2-6) and high-MW oligosaccharides (DP of 7-12) and oligomers (DP of 13-70) varied between 0.1-13.9, 0.0-37.5 and 0.0-75.7%, respectively. 29253944 3 2 theme oligosaccharides 914:929 arg1 yield 905:909 the yield 901:909 the yield of oligosaccharides 901:929 Moreover, interaction between reaction time and substrate concentration had a significant effect on the yield of oligosaccharides, while interaction between reaction time and Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio affected significantly the yield of oligomers. 29253944 0 3 theme -oligosaccharides 74:90 arg1 production 26:35 enzymatic production 16:35 enzymatic production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers from potato rhamnogalacturonan I 16:137 Optimization of enzymatic production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers from potato rhamnogalacturonan I. 29253944 1 4 theme polymerisation 365:378 arg1 degree 355:360 well-defined degree 342:360 well-defined degree of polymerisation (DP) from potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. Depending on the reaction condition 342:467 A bi-enzymatic system using two multi-enzymatic preparations (Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L) was investigated for the production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers with well-defined degree of polymerisation (DP) from potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. Depending on the reaction condition, yields of low (DP of 2-6) and high-MW oligosaccharides (DP of 7-12) and oligomers (DP of 13-70) varied between 0.1-13.9, 0.0-37.5 and 0.0-75.7%, respectively. 29253944 3 5 contain had 873:875 arg2 effect 891:896 a significant effect 877:896 a significant effect 877:896 Moreover, interaction between reaction time and substrate concentration had a significant effect on the yield of oligosaccharides, while interaction between reaction time and Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio affected significantly the yield of oligomers. 29253944 3 5 contain had 873:875 arg1 interaction 811:821 interaction 811:821 interaction between reaction time and substrate concentration 811:871 Moreover, interaction between reaction time and substrate concentration had a significant effect on the yield of oligosaccharides, while interaction between reaction time and Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio affected significantly the yield of oligomers. 29253944 2 6 theme Substrate 629:637 arg1 terms 735:739 the most significant linear terms 707:739 the most significant linear terms in oligosaccharide and oligomer yield models 707:784 Substrate concentration and Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio were identified as the most significant linear terms in oligosaccharide and oligomer yield models, respectively. 29253944 2 6 theme Substrate 629:637 arg1 concentration 639:651 Substrate concentration 629:651 Substrate concentration 629:651 Substrate concentration and Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio were identified as the most significant linear terms in oligosaccharide and oligomer yield models, respectively. 29253944 2 6 theme Substrate 629:637 arg1 ratio 682:686 Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio 657:686 Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio 657:686 Substrate concentration and Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio were identified as the most significant linear terms in oligosaccharide and oligomer yield models, respectively. 29253944 1 7 theme multi-enzymatic 172:186 arg1 Depol 202:206 Depol 202:206 Depol 202:206 A bi-enzymatic system using two multi-enzymatic preparations (Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L) was investigated for the production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers with well-defined degree of polymerisation (DP) from potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. Depending on the reaction condition, yields of low (DP of 2-6) and high-MW oligosaccharides (DP of 7-12) and oligomers (DP of 13-70) varied between 0.1-13.9, 0.0-37.5 and 0.0-75.7%, respectively. 29253944 1 7 theme multi-enzymatic 172:186 arg1 preparations 188:199 two multi-enzymatic preparations 168:199 two multi-enzymatic preparations (Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L) 168:230 A bi-enzymatic system using two multi-enzymatic preparations (Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L) was investigated for the production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers with well-defined degree of polymerisation (DP) from potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. Depending on the reaction condition, yields of low (DP of 2-6) and high-MW oligosaccharides (DP of 7-12) and oligomers (DP of 13-70) varied between 0.1-13.9, 0.0-37.5 and 0.0-75.7%, respectively. 29253944 1 7 theme multi-enzymatic 172:186 arg1 1.5L 226:229 1.5L 226:229 1.5L 226:229 A bi-enzymatic system using two multi-enzymatic preparations (Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L) was investigated for the production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers with well-defined degree of polymerisation (DP) from potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. Depending on the reaction condition, yields of low (DP of 2-6) and high-MW oligosaccharides (DP of 7-12) and oligomers (DP of 13-70) varied between 0.1-13.9, 0.0-37.5 and 0.0-75.7%, respectively. 29253944 1 8 theme 0.0-75.7 604:611 arg1 % 612:612 0.1-13.9, 0.0-37.5 and 0.0-75.7% 581:612 % 612:612 A bi-enzymatic system using two multi-enzymatic preparations (Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L) was investigated for the production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers with well-defined degree of polymerisation (DP) from potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. Depending on the reaction condition, yields of low (DP of 2-6) and high-MW oligosaccharides (DP of 7-12) and oligomers (DP of 13-70) varied between 0.1-13.9, 0.0-37.5 and 0.0-75.7%, respectively. 29253944 3 9 theme reaction 831:838 arg1 time 840:843 reaction time 831:843 reaction time 831:843 Moreover, interaction between reaction time and substrate concentration had a significant effect on the yield of oligosaccharides, while interaction between reaction time and Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio affected significantly the yield of oligomers. 29253944 1 10 from I. 430:431 arg1 polymerisation 365:378 polymerisation 365:378 polymerisation (DP) from potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. 365:431 A bi-enzymatic system using two multi-enzymatic preparations (Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L) was investigated for the production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers with well-defined degree of polymerisation (DP) from potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. Depending on the reaction condition, yields of low (DP of 2-6) and high-MW oligosaccharides (DP of 7-12) and oligomers (DP of 13-70) varied between 0.1-13.9, 0.0-37.5 and 0.0-75.7%, respectively. 29253944 1 10 from I. 430:431 arg1 degree 355:360 well-defined degree 342:360 well-defined degree of polymerisation (DP) from potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. Depending on the reaction condition 342:467 A bi-enzymatic system using two multi-enzymatic preparations (Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L) was investigated for the production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers with well-defined degree of polymerisation (DP) from potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. Depending on the reaction condition, yields of low (DP of 2-6) and high-MW oligosaccharides (DP of 7-12) and oligomers (DP of 13-70) varied between 0.1-13.9, 0.0-37.5 and 0.0-75.7%, respectively. 29253944 1 10 from I. 430:431 arg1 DP 381:382 DP 381:382 DP 381:382 A bi-enzymatic system using two multi-enzymatic preparations (Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L) was investigated for the production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers with well-defined degree of polymerisation (DP) from potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. Depending on the reaction condition, yields of low (DP of 2-6) and high-MW oligosaccharides (DP of 7-12) and oligomers (DP of 13-70) varied between 0.1-13.9, 0.0-37.5 and 0.0-75.7%, respectively. 29253944 3 11 theme oligomers 1043:1051 arg1 yield 1034:1038 the yield 1030:1038 the yield of oligomers 1030:1051 Moreover, interaction between reaction time and substrate concentration had a significant effect on the yield of oligosaccharides, while interaction between reaction time and Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio affected significantly the yield of oligomers. 29253944 3 12 theme 670L/Gamanase 982:994 arg1 ratio 1001:1005 Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio 976:1005 Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio 976:1005 Moreover, interaction between reaction time and substrate concentration had a significant effect on the yield of oligosaccharides, while interaction between reaction time and Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio affected significantly the yield of oligomers. 29253944 1 13 theme prebiotic 271:279 arg1 -oligosaccharides 305:321 prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides 271:321 prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides 271:321 A bi-enzymatic system using two multi-enzymatic preparations (Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L) was investigated for the production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers with well-defined degree of polymerisation (DP) from potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. Depending on the reaction condition, yields of low (DP of 2-6) and high-MW oligosaccharides (DP of 7-12) and oligomers (DP of 13-70) varied between 0.1-13.9, 0.0-37.5 and 0.0-75.7%, respectively. 29253944 0 14 theme oligomers 96:104 arg1 production 26:35 enzymatic production 16:35 enzymatic production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers from potato rhamnogalacturonan I 16:137 Optimization of enzymatic production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers from potato rhamnogalacturonan I. 29253944 4 15 theme oligosaccharides 1076:1091 arg1 yields 1061:1066 Higher yields 1054:1066 Higher yields of both oligosaccharides and oligomers 1054:1105 Higher yields of both oligosaccharides and oligomers were obtained when equal amount of Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L was used in combination. 29253944 2 16 theme oligomer 764:771 arg1 yield 773:777 oligomer yield 764:777 oligomer yield 764:777 Substrate concentration and Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio were identified as the most significant linear terms in oligosaccharide and oligomer yield models, respectively. 29253944 2 17 theme oligosaccharide 744:758 arg1 models 779:784 oligosaccharide and oligomer yield models 744:784 oligosaccharide and oligomer yield models 744:784 Substrate concentration and Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio were identified as the most significant linear terms in oligosaccharide and oligomer yield models, respectively. 29253944 1 18 theme galacto/galacto 281:295 arg1 -oligosaccharides 305:321 prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides 271:321 prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides 271:321 A bi-enzymatic system using two multi-enzymatic preparations (Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L) was investigated for the production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers with well-defined degree of polymerisation (DP) from potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. Depending on the reaction condition, yields of low (DP of 2-6) and high-MW oligosaccharides (DP of 7-12) and oligomers (DP of 13-70) varied between 0.1-13.9, 0.0-37.5 and 0.0-75.7%, respectively. 29253944 4 19 theme 670L 1148:1151 arg1 amount 1132:1137 equal amount 1126:1137 equal amount of Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L 1126:1169 Higher yields of both oligosaccharides and oligomers were obtained when equal amount of Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L was used in combination. 29253944 4 19 theme 670L 1148:1151 arg1 670L 1148:1151 Depol 670L 1142:1151 Depol 670L 1142:1151 Higher yields of both oligosaccharides and oligomers were obtained when equal amount of Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L was used in combination. 29253944 4 19 theme 670L 1148:1151 arg1 1.5L 1166:1169 Gamanase 1.5L 1157:1169 Gamanase 1.5L 1157:1169 Higher yields of both oligosaccharides and oligomers were obtained when equal amount of Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L was used in combination. 29253944 1 20 theme low 480:482 arg1 oligosaccharides 508:523 low (DP of 2-6) and high-MW oligosaccharides 480:523 low (DP of 2-6) and high-MW oligosaccharides 480:523 A bi-enzymatic system using two multi-enzymatic preparations (Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L) was investigated for the production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers with well-defined degree of polymerisation (DP) from potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. Depending on the reaction condition, yields of low (DP of 2-6) and high-MW oligosaccharides (DP of 7-12) and oligomers (DP of 13-70) varied between 0.1-13.9, 0.0-37.5 and 0.0-75.7%, respectively. 29253944 4 21 theme Depol 1142:1146 arg1 670L 1148:1151 Depol 670L 1142:1151 Depol 670L 1142:1151 Higher yields of both oligosaccharides and oligomers were obtained when equal amount of Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L was used in combination. 29253944 0 22 theme potato 111:116 arg1 rhamnogalacturonan 118:135 potato rhamnogalacturonan I 111:137 potato rhamnogalacturonan I 111:137 Optimization of enzymatic production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers from potato rhamnogalacturonan I. 29253944 2 23 theme 670L/Gamanase 663:675 arg1 ratio 682:686 Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio 657:686 Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio 657:686 Substrate concentration and Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio were identified as the most significant linear terms in oligosaccharide and oligomer yield models, respectively. 29253944 2 23 theme 670L/Gamanase 663:675 arg1 concentration 639:651 Substrate concentration 629:651 Substrate concentration 629:651 Substrate concentration and Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio were identified as the most significant linear terms in oligosaccharide and oligomer yield models, respectively. 29253944 2 23 theme 670L/Gamanase 663:675 arg1 terms 735:739 the most significant linear terms 707:739 the most significant linear terms in oligosaccharide and oligomer yield models 707:784 Substrate concentration and Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio were identified as the most significant linear terms in oligosaccharide and oligomer yield models, respectively. 29253944 2 24 dep significant 716:726 arg1 linear 728:733 linear 728:733 linear 728:733 Substrate concentration and Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio were identified as the most significant linear terms in oligosaccharide and oligomer yield models, respectively. 29253944 1 25 theme potato 390:395 arg1 I. 430:431 potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. 390:431 potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. 390:431 A bi-enzymatic system using two multi-enzymatic preparations (Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L) was investigated for the production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers with well-defined degree of polymerisation (DP) from potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. Depending on the reaction condition, yields of low (DP of 2-6) and high-MW oligosaccharides (DP of 7-12) and oligomers (DP of 13-70) varied between 0.1-13.9, 0.0-37.5 and 0.0-75.7%, respectively. 29253944 2 26 theme Depol 657:661 arg1 ratio 682:686 Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio 657:686 Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio 657:686 Substrate concentration and Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio were identified as the most significant linear terms in oligosaccharide and oligomer yield models, respectively. 29253944 2 26 theme Depol 657:661 arg1 concentration 639:651 Substrate concentration 629:651 Substrate concentration 629:651 Substrate concentration and Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio were identified as the most significant linear terms in oligosaccharide and oligomer yield models, respectively. 29253944 2 26 theme Depol 657:661 arg1 terms 735:739 the most significant linear terms 707:739 the most significant linear terms in oligosaccharide and oligomer yield models 707:784 Substrate concentration and Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio were identified as the most significant linear terms in oligosaccharide and oligomer yield models, respectively. 29253944 1 27 with oligomers 542:550 arg1 degree 355:360 well-defined degree 342:360 well-defined degree of polymerisation (DP) from potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. Depending on the reaction condition 342:467 A bi-enzymatic system using two multi-enzymatic preparations (Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L) was investigated for the production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers with well-defined degree of polymerisation (DP) from potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. Depending on the reaction condition, yields of low (DP of 2-6) and high-MW oligosaccharides (DP of 7-12) and oligomers (DP of 13-70) varied between 0.1-13.9, 0.0-37.5 and 0.0-75.7%, respectively. 29253944 4 28 theme equal 1126:1130 arg1 amount 1132:1137 equal amount 1126:1137 equal amount of Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L 1126:1169 Higher yields of both oligosaccharides and oligomers were obtained when equal amount of Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L was used in combination. 29253944 4 28 theme equal 1126:1130 arg1 670L 1148:1151 Depol 670L 1142:1151 Depol 670L 1142:1151 Higher yields of both oligosaccharides and oligomers were obtained when equal amount of Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L was used in combination. 29253944 4 28 theme equal 1126:1130 arg1 1.5L 1166:1169 Gamanase 1.5L 1157:1169 Gamanase 1.5L 1157:1169 Higher yields of both oligosaccharides and oligomers were obtained when equal amount of Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L was used in combination. 29253944 0 29 theme production 26:35 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of enzymatic production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers from potato rhamnogalacturonan I. 0:138 Optimization of enzymatic production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers from potato rhamnogalacturonan I. 29253944 1 30 theme arabino 297:303 arg1 -oligosaccharides 305:321 prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides 271:321 prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides 271:321 A bi-enzymatic system using two multi-enzymatic preparations (Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L) was investigated for the production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers with well-defined degree of polymerisation (DP) from potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. Depending on the reaction condition, yields of low (DP of 2-6) and high-MW oligosaccharides (DP of 7-12) and oligomers (DP of 13-70) varied between 0.1-13.9, 0.0-37.5 and 0.0-75.7%, respectively. 29253944 1 31 theme 2-6 491:493 arg1 DP 485:486 DP 485:486 DP of 2-6 485:493 A bi-enzymatic system using two multi-enzymatic preparations (Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L) was investigated for the production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers with well-defined degree of polymerisation (DP) from potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. Depending on the reaction condition, yields of low (DP of 2-6) and high-MW oligosaccharides (DP of 7-12) and oligomers (DP of 13-70) varied between 0.1-13.9, 0.0-37.5 and 0.0-75.7%, respectively. 29253944 2 32 theme yield 773:777 arg1 models 779:784 oligosaccharide and oligomer yield models 744:784 oligosaccharide and oligomer yield models 744:784 Substrate concentration and Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio were identified as the most significant linear terms in oligosaccharide and oligomer yield models, respectively. 29253944 4 33 used used 1175:1178 arg2 1.5L 1166:1169 Gamanase 1.5L 1157:1169 Gamanase 1.5L 1157:1169 Higher yields of both oligosaccharides and oligomers were obtained when equal amount of Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L was used in combination. 29253944 4 33 used used 1175:1178 arg2 670L 1148:1151 Depol 670L 1142:1151 Depol 670L 1142:1151 Higher yields of both oligosaccharides and oligomers were obtained when equal amount of Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L was used in combination. 29253944 4 33 used used 1175:1178 arg2 amount 1132:1137 equal amount 1126:1137 equal amount of Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L 1126:1169 Higher yields of both oligosaccharides and oligomers were obtained when equal amount of Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L was used in combination. 29253944 0 34 theme enzymatic 16:24 arg1 production 26:35 enzymatic production 16:35 enzymatic production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers from potato rhamnogalacturonan I 16:137 Optimization of enzymatic production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers from potato rhamnogalacturonan I. 29253944 1 35 theme galactan-rich 397:409 arg1 I. 430:431 potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. 390:431 potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. 390:431 A bi-enzymatic system using two multi-enzymatic preparations (Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L) was investigated for the production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers with well-defined degree of polymerisation (DP) from potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. Depending on the reaction condition, yields of low (DP of 2-6) and high-MW oligosaccharides (DP of 7-12) and oligomers (DP of 13-70) varied between 0.1-13.9, 0.0-37.5 and 0.0-75.7%, respectively. 29253944 1 36 theme 13-70 559:563 arg1 oligomers 542:550 oligomers 542:550 oligomers (DP of 13-70) 542:564 A bi-enzymatic system using two multi-enzymatic preparations (Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L) was investigated for the production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers with well-defined degree of polymerisation (DP) from potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. Depending on the reaction condition, yields of low (DP of 2-6) and high-MW oligosaccharides (DP of 7-12) and oligomers (DP of 13-70) varied between 0.1-13.9, 0.0-37.5 and 0.0-75.7%, respectively. 29253944 1 36 theme 13-70 559:563 arg1 DP 553:554 DP 553:554 DP of 13-70 553:563 A bi-enzymatic system using two multi-enzymatic preparations (Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L) was investigated for the production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers with well-defined degree of polymerisation (DP) from potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. Depending on the reaction condition, yields of low (DP of 2-6) and high-MW oligosaccharides (DP of 7-12) and oligomers (DP of 13-70) varied between 0.1-13.9, 0.0-37.5 and 0.0-75.7%, respectively. 29253944 1 37 dep oligomers 327:335 arg1 DP 526:527 DP 526:527 DP of 7-12 526:535 A bi-enzymatic system using two multi-enzymatic preparations (Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L) was investigated for the production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers with well-defined degree of polymerisation (DP) from potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. Depending on the reaction condition, yields of low (DP of 2-6) and high-MW oligosaccharides (DP of 7-12) and oligomers (DP of 13-70) varied between 0.1-13.9, 0.0-37.5 and 0.0-75.7%, respectively. 29253944 0 38 theme prebiotic 40:48 arg1 -oligosaccharides 74:90 prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides 40:90 prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides 40:90 Optimization of enzymatic production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers from potato rhamnogalacturonan I. 29253944 1 39 theme -oligosaccharides 305:321 arg1 production 257:266 the production 253:266 the production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides 253:321 A bi-enzymatic system using two multi-enzymatic preparations (Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L) was investigated for the production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers with well-defined degree of polymerisation (DP) from potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. Depending on the reaction condition, yields of low (DP of 2-6) and high-MW oligosaccharides (DP of 7-12) and oligomers (DP of 13-70) varied between 0.1-13.9, 0.0-37.5 and 0.0-75.7%, respectively. 29253944 1 40 theme rhamnogalacturonan 411:428 arg1 I. 430:431 potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. 390:431 potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. 390:431 A bi-enzymatic system using two multi-enzymatic preparations (Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L) was investigated for the production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers with well-defined degree of polymerisation (DP) from potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. Depending on the reaction condition, yields of low (DP of 2-6) and high-MW oligosaccharides (DP of 7-12) and oligomers (DP of 13-70) varied between 0.1-13.9, 0.0-37.5 and 0.0-75.7%, respectively. 29253944 2 41 from terms 735:739 arg1 models 779:784 oligosaccharide and oligomer yield models 744:784 oligosaccharide and oligomer yield models 744:784 Substrate concentration and Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio were identified as the most significant linear terms in oligosaccharide and oligomer yield models, respectively. 29253944 4 42 theme oligomers 1097:1105 arg1 yields 1061:1066 Higher yields 1054:1066 Higher yields of both oligosaccharides and oligomers 1054:1105 Higher yields of both oligosaccharides and oligomers were obtained when equal amount of Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L was used in combination. 29253944 4 43 theme Higher 1054:1059 arg1 yields 1061:1066 Higher yields 1054:1066 Higher yields of both oligosaccharides and oligomers 1054:1105 Higher yields of both oligosaccharides and oligomers were obtained when equal amount of Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L was used in combination. 29253944 5 44 theme DP 1200:1201 arg1 -oligosaccharides 1279:1295 The DP and the monosaccharide composition of the generated galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides 1196:1295 The DP and the monosaccharide composition of the generated galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides 1196:1295 The DP and the monosaccharide composition of the generated galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers were confirmed. 29253944 1 45 from degree 355:360 arg1 I. 430:431 potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. 390:431 potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. 390:431 A bi-enzymatic system using two multi-enzymatic preparations (Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L) was investigated for the production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers with well-defined degree of polymerisation (DP) from potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. Depending on the reaction condition, yields of low (DP of 2-6) and high-MW oligosaccharides (DP of 7-12) and oligomers (DP of 13-70) varied between 0.1-13.9, 0.0-37.5 and 0.0-75.7%, respectively. 29253944 3 46 theme reaction 958:965 arg1 time 967:970 reaction time 958:970 reaction time 958:970 Moreover, interaction between reaction time and substrate concentration had a significant effect on the yield of oligosaccharides, while interaction between reaction time and Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio affected significantly the yield of oligomers. 29253944 1 47 dep preparations 188:199 arg1 Depol 202:206 Depol 202:206 Depol 202:206 A bi-enzymatic system using two multi-enzymatic preparations (Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L) was investigated for the production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers with well-defined degree of polymerisation (DP) from potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. Depending on the reaction condition, yields of low (DP of 2-6) and high-MW oligosaccharides (DP of 7-12) and oligomers (DP of 13-70) varied between 0.1-13.9, 0.0-37.5 and 0.0-75.7%, respectively. 29253944 1 47 dep preparations 188:199 arg1 preparations 188:199 two multi-enzymatic preparations 168:199 two multi-enzymatic preparations (Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L) 168:230 A bi-enzymatic system using two multi-enzymatic preparations (Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L) was investigated for the production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers with well-defined degree of polymerisation (DP) from potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. Depending on the reaction condition, yields of low (DP of 2-6) and high-MW oligosaccharides (DP of 7-12) and oligomers (DP of 13-70) varied between 0.1-13.9, 0.0-37.5 and 0.0-75.7%, respectively. 29253944 1 47 dep preparations 188:199 arg1 1.5L 226:229 1.5L 226:229 1.5L 226:229 A bi-enzymatic system using two multi-enzymatic preparations (Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L) was investigated for the production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers with well-defined degree of polymerisation (DP) from potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. Depending on the reaction condition, yields of low (DP of 2-6) and high-MW oligosaccharides (DP of 7-12) and oligomers (DP of 13-70) varied between 0.1-13.9, 0.0-37.5 and 0.0-75.7%, respectively. 29253944 0 48 theme galacto/galacto 50:64 arg1 -oligosaccharides 74:90 prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides 40:90 prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides 40:90 Optimization of enzymatic production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers from potato rhamnogalacturonan I. 29253944 4 49 theme Gamanase 1157:1164 arg1 1.5L 1166:1169 Gamanase 1.5L 1157:1169 Gamanase 1.5L 1157:1169 Higher yields of both oligosaccharides and oligomers were obtained when equal amount of Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L was used in combination. 29253944 0 50 from rhamnogalacturonan 118:135 arg1 -oligosaccharides 74:90 prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides 40:90 prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides 40:90 Optimization of enzymatic production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers from potato rhamnogalacturonan I. 29253944 0 50 from rhamnogalacturonan 118:135 arg1 production 26:35 enzymatic production 16:35 enzymatic production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers from potato rhamnogalacturonan I 16:137 Optimization of enzymatic production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers from potato rhamnogalacturonan I. 29253944 0 50 from rhamnogalacturonan 118:135 arg1 oligomers 96:104 oligomers 96:104 oligomers from potato rhamnogalacturonan I 96:137 Optimization of enzymatic production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers from potato rhamnogalacturonan I. 29253944 1 51 theme high-MW 500:506 arg1 oligosaccharides 508:523 low (DP of 2-6) and high-MW oligosaccharides 480:523 low (DP of 2-6) and high-MW oligosaccharides 480:523 A bi-enzymatic system using two multi-enzymatic preparations (Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L) was investigated for the production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers with well-defined degree of polymerisation (DP) from potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. Depending on the reaction condition, yields of low (DP of 2-6) and high-MW oligosaccharides (DP of 7-12) and oligomers (DP of 13-70) varied between 0.1-13.9, 0.0-37.5 and 0.0-75.7%, respectively. 29253944 3 52 theme substrate 849:857 arg1 concentration 859:871 substrate concentration 849:871 substrate concentration 849:871 Moreover, interaction between reaction time and substrate concentration had a significant effect on the yield of oligosaccharides, while interaction between reaction time and Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio affected significantly the yield of oligomers. 29253944 1 53 theme well-defined 342:353 arg1 degree 355:360 well-defined degree 342:360 well-defined degree of polymerisation (DP) from potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. Depending on the reaction condition 342:467 A bi-enzymatic system using two multi-enzymatic preparations (Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L) was investigated for the production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers with well-defined degree of polymerisation (DP) from potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. Depending on the reaction condition, yields of low (DP of 2-6) and high-MW oligosaccharides (DP of 7-12) and oligomers (DP of 13-70) varied between 0.1-13.9, 0.0-37.5 and 0.0-75.7%, respectively. 29253944 5 54 theme monosaccharide 1211:1224 arg1 composition 1226:1236 the monosaccharide composition 1207:1236 the monosaccharide composition of the generated galacto/galacto(arabino) 1207:1278 The DP and the monosaccharide composition of the generated galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers were confirmed. 29253944 5 54 theme monosaccharide 1211:1224 arg1 arabino 1271:1277 arabino 1271:1277 arabino 1271:1277 The DP and the monosaccharide composition of the generated galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers were confirmed. 29253944 1 55 theme oligosaccharides 508:523 arg1 oligomers 327:335 oligomers 327:335 oligomers with well-defined degree of polymerisation (DP) from potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. Depending on the reaction condition 327:467 A bi-enzymatic system using two multi-enzymatic preparations (Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L) was investigated for the production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers with well-defined degree of polymerisation (DP) from potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. Depending on the reaction condition, yields of low (DP of 2-6) and high-MW oligosaccharides (DP of 7-12) and oligomers (DP of 13-70) varied between 0.1-13.9, 0.0-37.5 and 0.0-75.7%, respectively. 29253944 1 55 theme oligosaccharides 508:523 arg1 yields 470:475 yields 470:475 yields of low (DP of 2-6) and high-MW oligosaccharides 470:523 A bi-enzymatic system using two multi-enzymatic preparations (Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L) was investigated for the production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers with well-defined degree of polymerisation (DP) from potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. Depending on the reaction condition, yields of low (DP of 2-6) and high-MW oligosaccharides (DP of 7-12) and oligomers (DP of 13-70) varied between 0.1-13.9, 0.0-37.5 and 0.0-75.7%, respectively. 29253944 1 56 with oligomers 327:335 arg1 degree 355:360 well-defined degree 342:360 well-defined degree of polymerisation (DP) from potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. Depending on the reaction condition 342:467 A bi-enzymatic system using two multi-enzymatic preparations (Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L) was investigated for the production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers with well-defined degree of polymerisation (DP) from potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. Depending on the reaction condition, yields of low (DP of 2-6) and high-MW oligosaccharides (DP of 7-12) and oligomers (DP of 13-70) varied between 0.1-13.9, 0.0-37.5 and 0.0-75.7%, respectively. 29253944 1 57 dep low 480:482 arg1 DP 485:486 DP 485:486 DP of 2-6 485:493 A bi-enzymatic system using two multi-enzymatic preparations (Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L) was investigated for the production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers with well-defined degree of polymerisation (DP) from potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. Depending on the reaction condition, yields of low (DP of 2-6) and high-MW oligosaccharides (DP of 7-12) and oligomers (DP of 13-70) varied between 0.1-13.9, 0.0-37.5 and 0.0-75.7%, respectively. 29253944 2 58 theme 1.5L 677:680 arg1 ratio 682:686 Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio 657:686 Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio 657:686 Substrate concentration and Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio were identified as the most significant linear terms in oligosaccharide and oligomer yield models, respectively. 29253944 2 58 theme 1.5L 677:680 arg1 concentration 639:651 Substrate concentration 629:651 Substrate concentration 629:651 Substrate concentration and Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio were identified as the most significant linear terms in oligosaccharide and oligomer yield models, respectively. 29253944 2 58 theme 1.5L 677:680 arg1 terms 735:739 the most significant linear terms 707:739 the most significant linear terms in oligosaccharide and oligomer yield models 707:784 Substrate concentration and Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio were identified as the most significant linear terms in oligosaccharide and oligomer yield models, respectively. 29253944 1 59 theme reaction 450:457 arg1 condition 459:467 the reaction condition 446:467 the reaction condition 446:467 A bi-enzymatic system using two multi-enzymatic preparations (Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L) was investigated for the production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers with well-defined degree of polymerisation (DP) from potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. Depending on the reaction condition, yields of low (DP of 2-6) and high-MW oligosaccharides (DP of 7-12) and oligomers (DP of 13-70) varied between 0.1-13.9, 0.0-37.5 and 0.0-75.7%, respectively. 29253944 2 60 theme significant 716:726 arg1 terms 735:739 the most significant linear terms 707:739 the most significant linear terms in oligosaccharide and oligomer yield models 707:784 Substrate concentration and Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio were identified as the most significant linear terms in oligosaccharide and oligomer yield models, respectively. 29253944 2 60 theme significant 716:726 arg1 concentration 639:651 Substrate concentration 629:651 Substrate concentration 629:651 Substrate concentration and Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio were identified as the most significant linear terms in oligosaccharide and oligomer yield models, respectively. 29253944 2 60 theme significant 716:726 arg1 ratio 682:686 Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio 657:686 Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio 657:686 Substrate concentration and Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio were identified as the most significant linear terms in oligosaccharide and oligomer yield models, respectively. 29253944 1 61 theme bi-enzymatic 142:153 arg1 system 155:160 A bi-enzymatic system 140:160 A bi-enzymatic system using two multi-enzymatic preparations (Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L) 140:230 A bi-enzymatic system using two multi-enzymatic preparations (Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L) was investigated for the production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers with well-defined degree of polymerisation (DP) from potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. Depending on the reaction condition, yields of low (DP of 2-6) and high-MW oligosaccharides (DP of 7-12) and oligomers (DP of 13-70) varied between 0.1-13.9, 0.0-37.5 and 0.0-75.7%, respectively. 29253944 1 62 theme 0.1-13.9 581:588 arg1 % 612:612 0.1-13.9, 0.0-37.5 and 0.0-75.7% 581:612 % 612:612 A bi-enzymatic system using two multi-enzymatic preparations (Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L) was investigated for the production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers with well-defined degree of polymerisation (DP) from potato galactan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I. Depending on the reaction condition, yields of low (DP of 2-6) and high-MW oligosaccharides (DP of 7-12) and oligomers (DP of 13-70) varied between 0.1-13.9, 0.0-37.5 and 0.0-75.7%, respectively. 29253944 3 63 theme 1.5L 996:999 arg1 ratio 1001:1005 Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio 976:1005 Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio 976:1005 Moreover, interaction between reaction time and substrate concentration had a significant effect on the yield of oligosaccharides, while interaction between reaction time and Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio affected significantly the yield of oligomers. 29253944 4 64 theme 1.5L 1166:1169 arg1 amount 1132:1137 equal amount 1126:1137 equal amount of Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L 1126:1169 Higher yields of both oligosaccharides and oligomers were obtained when equal amount of Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L was used in combination. 29253944 4 64 theme 1.5L 1166:1169 arg1 670L 1148:1151 Depol 670L 1142:1151 Depol 670L 1142:1151 Higher yields of both oligosaccharides and oligomers were obtained when equal amount of Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L was used in combination. 29253944 4 64 theme 1.5L 1166:1169 arg1 1.5L 1166:1169 Gamanase 1.5L 1157:1169 Gamanase 1.5L 1157:1169 Higher yields of both oligosaccharides and oligomers were obtained when equal amount of Depol 670L and Gamanase 1.5L was used in combination. 29253944 5 65 theme generated 1245:1253 arg1 galacto/galacto 1255:1269 the generated galacto/galacto 1241:1269 the generated galacto/galacto 1241:1269 The DP and the monosaccharide composition of the generated galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers were confirmed. 29253944 0 66 theme arabino 66:72 arg1 -oligosaccharides 74:90 prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides 40:90 prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides 40:90 Optimization of enzymatic production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers from potato rhamnogalacturonan I. 29253944 0 67 from production 26:35 arg1 rhamnogalacturonan 118:135 potato rhamnogalacturonan I 111:137 potato rhamnogalacturonan I 111:137 Optimization of enzymatic production of prebiotic galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers from potato rhamnogalacturonan I. 29253944 3 68 theme Depol 976:980 arg1 ratio 1001:1005 Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio 976:1005 Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio 976:1005 Moreover, interaction between reaction time and substrate concentration had a significant effect on the yield of oligosaccharides, while interaction between reaction time and Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio affected significantly the yield of oligomers. 29253944 3 69 theme significant 879:889 arg1 effect 891:896 a significant effect 877:896 a significant effect 877:896 Moreover, interaction between reaction time and substrate concentration had a significant effect on the yield of oligosaccharides, while interaction between reaction time and Depol 670L/Gamanase 1.5L ratio affected significantly the yield of oligomers. 29253944 5 70 theme galacto/galacto 1255:1269 arg1 composition 1226:1236 the monosaccharide composition 1207:1236 the monosaccharide composition of the generated galacto/galacto(arabino) 1207:1278 The DP and the monosaccharide composition of the generated galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers were confirmed. 29253944 5 70 theme galacto/galacto 1255:1269 arg1 arabino 1271:1277 arabino 1271:1277 arabino 1271:1277 The DP and the monosaccharide composition of the generated galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers were confirmed. 29253944 5 70 theme galacto/galacto 1255:1269 arg1 DP 1200:1201 DP 1200:1201 DP 1200:1201 The DP and the monosaccharide composition of the generated galacto/galacto(arabino)-oligosaccharides and oligomers were confirmed. 27259649 3 0 theme neutral 633:639 arg1 pH 641:642 neutral pH 633:642 neutral pH 633:642 The experimental data revealed that the fluoride adsorption was rapid, maximum fluoride removal could be removed within 12min contact time at neutral pH in room temperature under batch equilibrium model. 27259649 4 1 theme Freundlich 798:807 arg1 isotherm 809:816 the Freundlich isotherm 794:816 the Freundlich isotherm 794:816 The equilibrium data for adsorption of fluoride on the synthesized blends were well represented by the Freundlich isotherm, giving a maximum adsorption capacity of 17.50mg/g. 27259649 1 2 theme work 118:121 arg1 aim 106:108 The aim 102:108 The aim of this work 102:121 The aim of this work is to gain a better understanding of the formation of lanthanum complex onto iminodiacetic acid and chitosan (CS@La-IDAMP) composite for effective removal of fluoride from aqueous solution using a tea-bag model for the first time. 27259649 3 3 theme room 647:650 arg1 temperature 652:662 room temperature 647:662 room temperature 647:662 The experimental data revealed that the fluoride adsorption was rapid, maximum fluoride removal could be removed within 12min contact time at neutral pH in room temperature under batch equilibrium model. 27259649 1 4 theme iminodiacetic 200:212 arg1 acid 214:217 iminodiacetic acid 200:217 iminodiacetic acid 200:217 The aim of this work is to gain a better understanding of the formation of lanthanum complex onto iminodiacetic acid and chitosan (CS@La-IDAMP) composite for effective removal of fluoride from aqueous solution using a tea-bag model for the first time. 27259649 1 4 theme iminodiacetic 200:212 arg1 La-IDAMP 236:243 CS@La-IDAMP 233:243 CS@La-IDAMP 233:243 The aim of this work is to gain a better understanding of the formation of lanthanum complex onto iminodiacetic acid and chitosan (CS@La-IDAMP) composite for effective removal of fluoride from aqueous solution using a tea-bag model for the first time. 27259649 2 5 theme composites 418:427 arg1 properties 388:397 The surface textural and chemical properties 354:397 The surface textural and chemical properties of the synthesized composites 354:427 The surface textural and chemical properties of the synthesized composites were characterized by FTIR, SEM with EDAX and mapping images. 27259649 1 6 theme fluoride 281:288 arg1 removal 270:276 effective removal 260:276 effective removal of fluoride from aqueous solution using a tea-bag model for the first time 260:351 The aim of this work is to gain a better understanding of the formation of lanthanum complex onto iminodiacetic acid and chitosan (CS@La-IDAMP) composite for effective removal of fluoride from aqueous solution using a tea-bag model for the first time. 27259649 7 7 theme @ 1196:1196 arg1 material 1206:1213 the CS@La-IDAMP material 1190:1213 the CS@La-IDAMP material 1190:1213 Furthermore, the CS@La-IDAMP material was tested for the regeneration ability with the suitable regenerant to make this process as cost-effective. 27259649 0 8 theme resin 73:77 arg1 biocomposite 88:99 synthetic resin@chitosan biocomposite 63:99 synthetic resin@chitosan biocomposite 63:99 Defluoridation of water by Tea-bag model using La(3+) modified synthetic resin@chitosan biocomposite. 27259649 6 9 theme electrostatic 1124:1136 arg1 attraction 1138:1147 electrostatic attraction 1124:1147 electrostatic attraction 1124:1147 This results suggested that the efficiency of the fluoride removal process was mainly controlled by electrostatic attraction and ion-exchange mechanism. 27259649 0 10 theme synthetic 63:71 arg1 biocomposite 88:99 synthetic resin@chitosan biocomposite 63:99 synthetic resin@chitosan biocomposite 63:99 Defluoridation of water by Tea-bag model using La(3+) modified synthetic resin@chitosan biocomposite. 27259649 1 11 theme aqueous 295:301 arg1 solution 303:310 aqueous solution 295:310 aqueous solution using a tea-bag model for the first time 295:351 The aim of this work is to gain a better understanding of the formation of lanthanum complex onto iminodiacetic acid and chitosan (CS@La-IDAMP) composite for effective removal of fluoride from aqueous solution using a tea-bag model for the first time. 27259649 7 12 theme CS 1194:1195 arg1 material 1206:1213 the CS@La-IDAMP material 1190:1213 the CS@La-IDAMP material 1190:1213 Furthermore, the CS@La-IDAMP material was tested for the regeneration ability with the suitable regenerant to make this process as cost-effective. 27259649 0 13 theme chitosan 79:86 arg1 biocomposite 88:99 synthetic resin@chitosan biocomposite 63:99 synthetic resin@chitosan biocomposite 63:99 Defluoridation of water by Tea-bag model using La(3+) modified synthetic resin@chitosan biocomposite. 27259649 0 14 theme @ 78:78 arg1 biocomposite 88:99 synthetic resin@chitosan biocomposite 63:99 synthetic resin@chitosan biocomposite 63:99 Defluoridation of water by Tea-bag model using La(3+) modified synthetic resin@chitosan biocomposite. 27259649 4 15 theme equilibrium 699:709 arg1 data 711:714 The equilibrium data 695:714 The equilibrium data for adsorption of fluoride on the synthesized blends 695:767 The equilibrium data for adsorption of fluoride on the synthesized blends were well represented by the Freundlich isotherm, giving a maximum adsorption capacity of 17.50mg/g. 27259649 2 16 theme chemical 379:386 arg1 properties 388:397 The surface textural and chemical properties 354:397 The surface textural and chemical properties of the synthesized composites 354:427 The surface textural and chemical properties of the synthesized composites were characterized by FTIR, SEM with EDAX and mapping images. 27259649 3 17 theme experimental 495:506 arg1 data 508:511 The experimental data 491:511 The experimental data 491:511 The experimental data revealed that the fluoride adsorption was rapid, maximum fluoride removal could be removed within 12min contact time at neutral pH in room temperature under batch equilibrium model. 27259649 7 18 theme suitable 1264:1271 arg1 regenerant 1273:1282 the suitable regenerant 1260:1282 the suitable regenerant 1260:1282 Furthermore, the CS@La-IDAMP material was tested for the regeneration ability with the suitable regenerant to make this process as cost-effective. 27259649 3 19 theme contact 617:623 arg1 time 625:628 12min contact time 611:628 12min contact time 611:628 The experimental data revealed that the fluoride adsorption was rapid, maximum fluoride removal could be removed within 12min contact time at neutral pH in room temperature under batch equilibrium model. 27259649 3 20 theme equilibrium 676:686 arg1 model 688:692 batch equilibrium model 670:692 batch equilibrium model 670:692 The experimental data revealed that the fluoride adsorption was rapid, maximum fluoride removal could be removed within 12min contact time at neutral pH in room temperature under batch equilibrium model. 27259649 5 21 theme adsorption 874:883 arg1 models 893:898 The adsorption kinetic models 870:898 The adsorption kinetic models 870:898 The adsorption kinetic models were also examined and it was found that all the sorption processes were better described by the pseudo-second-order model. 27259649 7 22 with ability 1247:1253 arg1 regenerant 1273:1282 the suitable regenerant 1260:1282 the suitable regenerant 1260:1282 Furthermore, the CS@La-IDAMP material was tested for the regeneration ability with the suitable regenerant to make this process as cost-effective. 27259649 1 23 theme better 136:141 arg1 understanding 143:155 a better understanding 134:155 a better understanding of the formation of lanthanum complex onto iminodiacetic acid and chitosan (CS@La-IDAMP) composite for effective removal of fluoride from aqueous solution using a tea-bag model for the first time 134:351 The aim of this work is to gain a better understanding of the formation of lanthanum complex onto iminodiacetic acid and chitosan (CS@La-IDAMP) composite for effective removal of fluoride from aqueous solution using a tea-bag model for the first time. 27259649 2 24 theme textural 366:373 arg1 properties 388:397 The surface textural and chemical properties 354:397 The surface textural and chemical properties of the synthesized composites 354:427 The surface textural and chemical properties of the synthesized composites were characterized by FTIR, SEM with EDAX and mapping images. 27259649 1 25 theme CS 233:234 arg1 acid 214:217 iminodiacetic acid 200:217 iminodiacetic acid 200:217 The aim of this work is to gain a better understanding of the formation of lanthanum complex onto iminodiacetic acid and chitosan (CS@La-IDAMP) composite for effective removal of fluoride from aqueous solution using a tea-bag model for the first time. 27259649 1 25 theme CS 233:234 arg1 La-IDAMP 236:243 CS@La-IDAMP 233:243 CS@La-IDAMP 233:243 The aim of this work is to gain a better understanding of the formation of lanthanum complex onto iminodiacetic acid and chitosan (CS@La-IDAMP) composite for effective removal of fluoride from aqueous solution using a tea-bag model for the first time. 27259649 8 26 theme adsorbent 1398:1406 arg1 material 1372:1379 the composite material 1358:1379 the composite material 1358:1379 Finally, it can be concluded that the composite material is the potential adsorbent for the treatment of fluoride from water. 27259649 8 26 theme adsorbent 1398:1406 arg1 potential 1388:1396 the potential 1384:1396 the potential adsorbent for the treatment of fluoride from water 1384:1447 Finally, it can be concluded that the composite material is the potential adsorbent for the treatment of fluoride from water. 27259649 2 27 with SEM 457:459 arg1 EDAX 466:469 EDAX 466:469 EDAX 466:469 The surface textural and chemical properties of the synthesized composites were characterized by FTIR, SEM with EDAX and mapping images. 27259649 2 27 with SEM 457:459 arg1 images 483:488 mapping images 475:488 mapping images 475:488 The surface textural and chemical properties of the synthesized composites were characterized by FTIR, SEM with EDAX and mapping images. 27259649 5 28 theme kinetic 885:891 arg1 models 893:898 The adsorption kinetic models 870:898 The adsorption kinetic models 870:898 The adsorption kinetic models were also examined and it was found that all the sorption processes were better described by the pseudo-second-order model. 27259649 1 29 from solution 303:310 arg1 removal 270:276 effective removal 260:276 effective removal of fluoride from aqueous solution using a tea-bag model for the first time 260:351 The aim of this work is to gain a better understanding of the formation of lanthanum complex onto iminodiacetic acid and chitosan (CS@La-IDAMP) composite for effective removal of fluoride from aqueous solution using a tea-bag model for the first time. 27259649 1 30 theme @ 235:235 arg1 acid 214:217 iminodiacetic acid 200:217 iminodiacetic acid 200:217 The aim of this work is to gain a better understanding of the formation of lanthanum complex onto iminodiacetic acid and chitosan (CS@La-IDAMP) composite for effective removal of fluoride from aqueous solution using a tea-bag model for the first time. 27259649 1 30 theme @ 235:235 arg1 La-IDAMP 236:243 CS@La-IDAMP 233:243 CS@La-IDAMP 233:243 The aim of this work is to gain a better understanding of the formation of lanthanum complex onto iminodiacetic acid and chitosan (CS@La-IDAMP) composite for effective removal of fluoride from aqueous solution using a tea-bag model for the first time. 27259649 2 31 theme mapping 475:481 arg1 images 483:488 mapping images 475:488 mapping images 475:488 The surface textural and chemical properties of the synthesized composites were characterized by FTIR, SEM with EDAX and mapping images. 27259649 1 32 theme tea-bag 320:326 arg1 model 328:332 a tea-bag model 318:332 a tea-bag model for the first time 318:351 The aim of this work is to gain a better understanding of the formation of lanthanum complex onto iminodiacetic acid and chitosan (CS@La-IDAMP) composite for effective removal of fluoride from aqueous solution using a tea-bag model for the first time. 27259649 6 33 theme fluoride 1074:1081 arg1 process 1091:1097 the fluoride removal process 1070:1097 the fluoride removal process 1070:1097 This results suggested that the efficiency of the fluoride removal process was mainly controlled by electrostatic attraction and ion-exchange mechanism. 27259649 6 34 theme process 1091:1097 arg1 efficiency 1056:1065 the efficiency 1052:1065 the efficiency of the fluoride removal process 1052:1097 This results suggested that the efficiency of the fluoride removal process was mainly controlled by electrostatic attraction and ion-exchange mechanism. 27259649 2 35 theme synthesized 406:416 arg1 composites 418:427 the synthesized composites 402:427 the synthesized composites 402:427 The surface textural and chemical properties of the synthesized composites were characterized by FTIR, SEM with EDAX and mapping images. 27259649 3 36 theme batch 670:674 arg1 model 688:692 batch equilibrium model 670:692 batch equilibrium model 670:692 The experimental data revealed that the fluoride adsorption was rapid, maximum fluoride removal could be removed within 12min contact time at neutral pH in room temperature under batch equilibrium model. 27259649 5 37 theme pseudo-second-order 997:1015 arg1 model 1017:1021 the pseudo-second-order model 993:1021 the pseudo-second-order model 993:1021 The adsorption kinetic models were also examined and it was found that all the sorption processes were better described by the pseudo-second-order model. 27259649 7 38 theme regeneration 1234:1245 arg1 ability 1247:1253 the regeneration ability 1230:1253 the regeneration ability with the suitable regenerant to make this process as cost-effective 1230:1321 Furthermore, the CS@La-IDAMP material was tested for the regeneration ability with the suitable regenerant to make this process as cost-effective. 27259649 0 39 theme Tea-bag 27:33 arg1 model 35:39 Tea-bag model 27:39 Tea-bag model using La(3+) 27:52 Defluoridation of water by Tea-bag model using La(3+) modified synthetic resin@chitosan biocomposite. 27259649 4 40 theme 17.50mg/g 859:867 arg1 capacity 847:854 a maximum adsorption capacity 826:854 a maximum adsorption capacity of 17.50mg/g 826:867 The equilibrium data for adsorption of fluoride on the synthesized blends were well represented by the Freundlich isotherm, giving a maximum adsorption capacity of 17.50mg/g. 27259649 3 41 theme maximum 562:568 arg1 removal 579:585 maximum fluoride removal 562:585 maximum fluoride removal 562:585 The experimental data revealed that the fluoride adsorption was rapid, maximum fluoride removal could be removed within 12min contact time at neutral pH in room temperature under batch equilibrium model. 27259649 3 42 theme fluoride 531:538 arg1 rapid 555:559 rapid 555:559 rapid 555:559 The experimental data revealed that the fluoride adsorption was rapid, maximum fluoride removal could be removed within 12min contact time at neutral pH in room temperature under batch equilibrium model. 27259649 3 42 theme fluoride 531:538 arg1 adsorption 540:549 the fluoride adsorption 527:549 the fluoride adsorption 527:549 The experimental data revealed that the fluoride adsorption was rapid, maximum fluoride removal could be removed within 12min contact time at neutral pH in room temperature under batch equilibrium model. 27259649 1 43 theme formation 164:172 arg1 understanding 143:155 a better understanding 134:155 a better understanding of the formation of lanthanum complex onto iminodiacetic acid and chitosan (CS@La-IDAMP) composite for effective removal of fluoride from aqueous solution using a tea-bag model for the first time 134:351 The aim of this work is to gain a better understanding of the formation of lanthanum complex onto iminodiacetic acid and chitosan (CS@La-IDAMP) composite for effective removal of fluoride from aqueous solution using a tea-bag model for the first time. 27259649 1 44 theme composite 246:254 arg1 acid 214:217 iminodiacetic acid 200:217 iminodiacetic acid 200:217 The aim of this work is to gain a better understanding of the formation of lanthanum complex onto iminodiacetic acid and chitosan (CS@La-IDAMP) composite for effective removal of fluoride from aqueous solution using a tea-bag model for the first time. 27259649 1 44 theme composite 246:254 arg1 La-IDAMP 236:243 CS@La-IDAMP 233:243 CS@La-IDAMP 233:243 The aim of this work is to gain a better understanding of the formation of lanthanum complex onto iminodiacetic acid and chitosan (CS@La-IDAMP) composite for effective removal of fluoride from aqueous solution using a tea-bag model for the first time. 27259649 3 45 theme fluoride 570:577 arg1 removal 579:585 maximum fluoride removal 562:585 maximum fluoride removal 562:585 The experimental data revealed that the fluoride adsorption was rapid, maximum fluoride removal could be removed within 12min contact time at neutral pH in room temperature under batch equilibrium model. 27259649 5 46 theme sorption 949:956 arg1 processes 958:966 all the sorption processes 941:966 all the sorption processes 941:966 The adsorption kinetic models were also examined and it was found that all the sorption processes were better described by the pseudo-second-order model. 27259649 1 47 theme first 342:346 arg1 time 348:351 the first time 338:351 the first time 338:351 The aim of this work is to gain a better understanding of the formation of lanthanum complex onto iminodiacetic acid and chitosan (CS@La-IDAMP) composite for effective removal of fluoride from aqueous solution using a tea-bag model for the first time. 27259649 4 48 theme synthesized 750:760 arg1 blends 762:767 the synthesized blends 746:767 the synthesized blends 746:767 The equilibrium data for adsorption of fluoride on the synthesized blends were well represented by the Freundlich isotherm, giving a maximum adsorption capacity of 17.50mg/g. 27259649 1 49 theme effective 260:268 arg1 removal 270:276 effective removal 260:276 effective removal of fluoride from aqueous solution using a tea-bag model for the first time 260:351 The aim of this work is to gain a better understanding of the formation of lanthanum complex onto iminodiacetic acid and chitosan (CS@La-IDAMP) composite for effective removal of fluoride from aqueous solution using a tea-bag model for the first time. 27259649 4 50 theme adsorption 836:845 arg1 capacity 847:854 a maximum adsorption capacity 826:854 a maximum adsorption capacity of 17.50mg/g 826:867 The equilibrium data for adsorption of fluoride on the synthesized blends were well represented by the Freundlich isotherm, giving a maximum adsorption capacity of 17.50mg/g. 27259649 3 51 theme 12min 611:615 arg1 time 625:628 12min contact time 611:628 12min contact time 611:628 The experimental data revealed that the fluoride adsorption was rapid, maximum fluoride removal could be removed within 12min contact time at neutral pH in room temperature under batch equilibrium model. 27259649 8 52 theme composite 1362:1370 arg1 material 1372:1379 the composite material 1358:1379 the composite material 1358:1379 Finally, it can be concluded that the composite material is the potential adsorbent for the treatment of fluoride from water. 27259649 8 52 theme composite 1362:1370 arg1 potential 1388:1396 the potential 1384:1396 the potential adsorbent for the treatment of fluoride from water 1384:1447 Finally, it can be concluded that the composite material is the potential adsorbent for the treatment of fluoride from water. 27259649 6 53 theme removal 1083:1089 arg1 process 1091:1097 the fluoride removal process 1070:1097 the fluoride removal process 1070:1097 This results suggested that the efficiency of the fluoride removal process was mainly controlled by electrostatic attraction and ion-exchange mechanism. 27259649 4 54 theme maximum 828:834 arg1 capacity 847:854 a maximum adsorption capacity 826:854 a maximum adsorption capacity of 17.50mg/g 826:867 The equilibrium data for adsorption of fluoride on the synthesized blends were well represented by the Freundlich isotherm, giving a maximum adsorption capacity of 17.50mg/g. 27259649 8 55 theme fluoride 1429:1436 arg1 treatment 1416:1424 the treatment 1412:1424 the treatment of fluoride from water 1412:1447 Finally, it can be concluded that the composite material is the potential adsorbent for the treatment of fluoride from water. 27259649 6 56 theme ion-exchange 1153:1164 arg1 mechanism 1166:1174 ion-exchange mechanism 1153:1174 ion-exchange mechanism 1153:1174 This results suggested that the efficiency of the fluoride removal process was mainly controlled by electrostatic attraction and ion-exchange mechanism. 27259649 1 57 theme lanthanum 177:185 arg1 complex 187:193 lanthanum complex 177:193 lanthanum complex onto iminodiacetic acid and chitosan (CS@La-IDAMP) composite for effective removal of fluoride from aqueous solution using a tea-bag model for the first time 177:351 The aim of this work is to gain a better understanding of the formation of lanthanum complex onto iminodiacetic acid and chitosan (CS@La-IDAMP) composite for effective removal of fluoride from aqueous solution using a tea-bag model for the first time. 27259649 8 58 from water 1443:1447 arg1 treatment 1416:1424 the treatment 1412:1424 the treatment of fluoride from water 1412:1447 Finally, it can be concluded that the composite material is the potential adsorbent for the treatment of fluoride from water. 27259649 4 59 theme fluoride 734:741 arg1 adsorption 720:729 adsorption 720:729 adsorption of fluoride on the synthesized blends 720:767 The equilibrium data for adsorption of fluoride on the synthesized blends were well represented by the Freundlich isotherm, giving a maximum adsorption capacity of 17.50mg/g. 27259649 2 60 theme surface 358:364 arg1 properties 388:397 The surface textural and chemical properties 354:397 The surface textural and chemical properties of the synthesized composites 354:427 The surface textural and chemical properties of the synthesized composites were characterized by FTIR, SEM with EDAX and mapping images. 27259649 7 61 theme La-IDAMP 1197:1204 arg1 material 1206:1213 the CS@La-IDAMP material 1190:1213 the CS@La-IDAMP material 1190:1213 Furthermore, the CS@La-IDAMP material was tested for the regeneration ability with the suitable regenerant to make this process as cost-effective. 27259649 1 62 theme complex 187:193 arg1 formation 164:172 the formation 160:172 the formation of lanthanum complex onto iminodiacetic acid and chitosan (CS@La-IDAMP) composite for effective removal of fluoride from aqueous solution using a tea-bag model for the first time 160:351 The aim of this work is to gain a better understanding of the formation of lanthanum complex onto iminodiacetic acid and chitosan (CS@La-IDAMP) composite for effective removal of fluoride from aqueous solution using a tea-bag model for the first time. 27259649 0 63 theme water 18:22 arg1 Defluoridation 0:13 Defluoridation 0:13 Defluoridation of water by Tea-bag model using La(3+) 0:52 Defluoridation of water by Tea-bag model using La(3+) modified synthetic resin@chitosan biocomposite. 27259649 4 64 from adsorption 720:729 arg1 blends 762:767 the synthesized blends 746:767 the synthesized blends 746:767 The equilibrium data for adsorption of fluoride on the synthesized blends were well represented by the Freundlich isotherm, giving a maximum adsorption capacity of 17.50mg/g. 27136256 1 0 theme essential 131:139 arg1 Iron 120:123 SCOPE Iron 114:123 SCOPE Iron 114:123 SCOPE Iron is an essential nutrient. 27136256 1 0 theme essential 131:139 arg1 nutrient 141:148 an essential nutrient 128:148 an essential nutrient 128:148 SCOPE Iron is an essential nutrient. 27136256 4 1 theme several 525:531 arg1 models 553:558 several in vitro intestinal models 525:558 several in vitro intestinal models 525:558 METHODS AND RESULTS Using several in vitro intestinal models, it is evident that only one alginate (Manucol LD) of the panel tested was able to inhibit intracellular iron accumulation as assessed by iron-mediated ferritin induction, transferrin receptor expression, intracellular (59) Fe concentrations, and iron flux across a Caco-2 monolayer. 27136256 4 2 theme Caco-2 826:831 arg1 monolayer 833:841 a Caco-2 monolayer 824:841 a Caco-2 monolayer 824:841 METHODS AND RESULTS Using several in vitro intestinal models, it is evident that only one alginate (Manucol LD) of the panel tested was able to inhibit intracellular iron accumulation as assessed by iron-mediated ferritin induction, transferrin receptor expression, intracellular (59) Fe concentrations, and iron flux across a Caco-2 monolayer. 27136256 4 3 theme Fe 784:785 arg1 concentrations 787:800 intracellular (59) Fe concentrations 765:800 intracellular (59) Fe concentrations 765:800 METHODS AND RESULTS Using several in vitro intestinal models, it is evident that only one alginate (Manucol LD) of the panel tested was able to inhibit intracellular iron accumulation as assessed by iron-mediated ferritin induction, transferrin receptor expression, intracellular (59) Fe concentrations, and iron flux across a Caco-2 monolayer. 27136256 7 4 theme CONCLUSION 1164:1173 arg1 LD 1183:1184 CONCLUSION Manucol LD 1164:1184 CONCLUSION Manucol LD 1164:1184 CONCLUSION Manucol LD could be useful for the chelation of this detrimental pool of unabsorbed iron and it could be fortified in foods to enhance intestinal health. 27136256 4 5 theme iron-mediated 698:710 arg1 induction 721:729 iron-mediated ferritin induction 698:729 iron-mediated ferritin induction 698:729 METHODS AND RESULTS Using several in vitro intestinal models, it is evident that only one alginate (Manucol LD) of the panel tested was able to inhibit intracellular iron accumulation as assessed by iron-mediated ferritin induction, transferrin receptor expression, intracellular (59) Fe concentrations, and iron flux across a Caco-2 monolayer. 27136256 5 6 theme fecal 941:945 arg1 levels 952:957 increased fecal iron levels 931:957 increased fecal iron levels indicating iron chelation within the gastrointestinal tract 931:1017 Additionally, Manucol LD suppressed iron absorption in mice, which was associated with increased fecal iron levels indicating iron chelation within the gastrointestinal tract. 27136256 3 7 theme intestinal 480:489 arg1 health 491:496 intestinal health 480:496 intestinal health 480:496 Therefore, the aims of this study were to screen a panel of alginates to identify a therapeutic that can chelate this pool of iron and thus be beneficial for intestinal health. 27136256 7 8 theme intestinal 1310:1319 arg1 health 1321:1326 intestinal health 1310:1326 intestinal health 1310:1326 CONCLUSION Manucol LD could be useful for the chelation of this detrimental pool of unabsorbed iron and it could be fortified in foods to enhance intestinal health. 27136256 3 9 theme iron 448:451 arg1 pool 440:443 this pool 435:443 this pool of iron 435:451 Therefore, the aims of this study were to screen a panel of alginates to identify a therapeutic that can chelate this pool of iron and thus be beneficial for intestinal health. 27136256 4 10 theme in 533:534 arg1 models 553:558 several in vitro intestinal models 525:558 several in vitro intestinal models 525:558 METHODS AND RESULTS Using several in vitro intestinal models, it is evident that only one alginate (Manucol LD) of the panel tested was able to inhibit intracellular iron accumulation as assessed by iron-mediated ferritin induction, transferrin receptor expression, intracellular (59) Fe concentrations, and iron flux across a Caco-2 monolayer. 27136256 0 11 theme gastrointestinal 89:104 arg1 health 106:111 gastrointestinal health 89:111 gastrointestinal health 89:111 The chelation of colonic luminal iron by a unique sodium alginate for the improvement of gastrointestinal health. 27136256 4 12 theme intracellular 765:777 arg1 concentrations 787:800 intracellular (59) Fe concentrations 765:800 intracellular (59) Fe concentrations 765:800 METHODS AND RESULTS Using several in vitro intestinal models, it is evident that only one alginate (Manucol LD) of the panel tested was able to inhibit intracellular iron accumulation as assessed by iron-mediated ferritin induction, transferrin receptor expression, intracellular (59) Fe concentrations, and iron flux across a Caco-2 monolayer. 27136256 4 13 theme intestinal 542:551 arg1 models 553:558 several in vitro intestinal models 525:558 several in vitro intestinal models 525:558 METHODS AND RESULTS Using several in vitro intestinal models, it is evident that only one alginate (Manucol LD) of the panel tested was able to inhibit intracellular iron accumulation as assessed by iron-mediated ferritin induction, transferrin receptor expression, intracellular (59) Fe concentrations, and iron flux across a Caco-2 monolayer. 27136256 7 14 theme unabsorbed 1248:1257 arg1 iron 1259:1262 unabsorbed iron 1248:1262 unabsorbed iron 1248:1262 CONCLUSION Manucol LD could be useful for the chelation of this detrimental pool of unabsorbed iron and it could be fortified in foods to enhance intestinal health. 27136256 3 15 theme study 350:354 arg1 aims 337:340 the aims 333:340 the aims of this study 333:354 Therefore, the aims of this study were to screen a panel of alginates to identify a therapeutic that can chelate this pool of iron and thus be beneficial for intestinal health. 27136256 6 16 theme compositional 1140:1152 arg1 sequence 1154:1161 its unique compositional sequence 1129:1161 its unique compositional sequence 1129:1161 Furthermore, the bioactivity of Manucol LD was found to be highly dependent on both its molecular weight and its unique compositional sequence. 27136256 7 17 theme detrimental 1228:1238 arg1 pool 1240:1243 this detrimental pool 1223:1243 this detrimental pool of unabsorbed iron 1223:1262 CONCLUSION Manucol LD could be useful for the chelation of this detrimental pool of unabsorbed iron and it could be fortified in foods to enhance intestinal health. 27136256 2 18 theme bowel 285:289 arg1 disease 291:297 inflammatory bowel disease 272:297 inflammatory bowel disease 272:297 However, in animal models, excess unabsorbed dietary iron residing within the colonic lumen has been shown to exacerbate inflammatory bowel disease and intestinal cancer. 27136256 3 19 theme alginates 382:390 arg1 panel 373:377 a panel 371:377 a panel of alginates 371:390 Therefore, the aims of this study were to screen a panel of alginates to identify a therapeutic that can chelate this pool of iron and thus be beneficial for intestinal health. 27136256 0 20 theme colonic 17:23 arg1 iron 33:36 colonic luminal iron 17:36 colonic luminal iron 17:36 The chelation of colonic luminal iron by a unique sodium alginate for the improvement of gastrointestinal health. 27136256 7 21 theme iron 1259:1262 arg1 pool 1240:1243 this detrimental pool 1223:1243 this detrimental pool of unabsorbed iron 1223:1262 CONCLUSION Manucol LD could be useful for the chelation of this detrimental pool of unabsorbed iron and it could be fortified in foods to enhance intestinal health. 27136256 5 22 theme iron 947:950 arg1 levels 952:957 increased fecal iron levels 931:957 increased fecal iron levels indicating iron chelation within the gastrointestinal tract 931:1017 Additionally, Manucol LD suppressed iron absorption in mice, which was associated with increased fecal iron levels indicating iron chelation within the gastrointestinal tract. 27136256 2 23 theme inflammatory 272:283 arg1 disease 291:297 inflammatory bowel disease 272:297 inflammatory bowel disease 272:297 However, in animal models, excess unabsorbed dietary iron residing within the colonic lumen has been shown to exacerbate inflammatory bowel disease and intestinal cancer. 27136256 5 24 theme iron 880:883 arg1 absorption 885:894 iron absorption 880:894 iron absorption 880:894 Additionally, Manucol LD suppressed iron absorption in mice, which was associated with increased fecal iron levels indicating iron chelation within the gastrointestinal tract. 27136256 5 25 theme Manucol 858:864 arg1 LD 866:867 Manucol LD 858:867 Manucol LD 858:867 Additionally, Manucol LD suppressed iron absorption in mice, which was associated with increased fecal iron levels indicating iron chelation within the gastrointestinal tract. 27136256 0 26 theme health 106:111 arg1 improvement 74:84 the improvement 70:84 the improvement of gastrointestinal health 70:111 The chelation of colonic luminal iron by a unique sodium alginate for the improvement of gastrointestinal health. 27136256 4 27 theme intracellular 651:663 arg1 accumulation 670:681 intracellular iron accumulation 651:681 intracellular iron accumulation 651:681 METHODS AND RESULTS Using several in vitro intestinal models, it is evident that only one alginate (Manucol LD) of the panel tested was able to inhibit intracellular iron accumulation as assessed by iron-mediated ferritin induction, transferrin receptor expression, intracellular (59) Fe concentrations, and iron flux across a Caco-2 monolayer. 27136256 0 28 theme iron 33:36 arg1 chelation 4:12 The chelation 0:12 The chelation of colonic luminal iron by a unique sodium alginate for the improvement of gastrointestinal health 0:111 The chelation of colonic luminal iron by a unique sodium alginate for the improvement of gastrointestinal health. 27136256 6 29 theme Manucol 1052:1058 arg1 LD 1060:1061 Manucol LD 1052:1061 Manucol LD 1052:1061 Furthermore, the bioactivity of Manucol LD was found to be highly dependent on both its molecular weight and its unique compositional sequence. 27136256 6 30 theme unique 1133:1138 arg1 sequence 1154:1161 its unique compositional sequence 1129:1161 its unique compositional sequence 1129:1161 Furthermore, the bioactivity of Manucol LD was found to be highly dependent on both its molecular weight and its unique compositional sequence. 27136256 4 31 dep in 533:534 arg1 vitro 536:540 vitro 536:540 vitro 536:540 METHODS AND RESULTS Using several in vitro intestinal models, it is evident that only one alginate (Manucol LD) of the panel tested was able to inhibit intracellular iron accumulation as assessed by iron-mediated ferritin induction, transferrin receptor expression, intracellular (59) Fe concentrations, and iron flux across a Caco-2 monolayer. 27136256 4 32 theme receptor 744:751 arg1 expression 753:762 transferrin receptor expression 732:762 transferrin receptor expression 732:762 METHODS AND RESULTS Using several in vitro intestinal models, it is evident that only one alginate (Manucol LD) of the panel tested was able to inhibit intracellular iron accumulation as assessed by iron-mediated ferritin induction, transferrin receptor expression, intracellular (59) Fe concentrations, and iron flux across a Caco-2 monolayer. 27136256 7 33 theme pool 1240:1243 arg1 chelation 1210:1218 the chelation 1206:1218 the chelation of this detrimental pool of unabsorbed iron 1206:1262 CONCLUSION Manucol LD could be useful for the chelation of this detrimental pool of unabsorbed iron and it could be fortified in foods to enhance intestinal health. 27136256 0 34 theme luminal 25:31 arg1 iron 33:36 colonic luminal iron 17:36 colonic luminal iron 17:36 The chelation of colonic luminal iron by a unique sodium alginate for the improvement of gastrointestinal health. 27136256 5 35 theme gastrointestinal 996:1011 arg1 tract 1013:1017 the gastrointestinal tract 992:1017 the gastrointestinal tract 992:1017 Additionally, Manucol LD suppressed iron absorption in mice, which was associated with increased fecal iron levels indicating iron chelation within the gastrointestinal tract. 27136256 4 36 theme transferrin 732:742 arg1 expression 753:762 transferrin receptor expression 732:762 transferrin receptor expression 732:762 METHODS AND RESULTS Using several in vitro intestinal models, it is evident that only one alginate (Manucol LD) of the panel tested was able to inhibit intracellular iron accumulation as assessed by iron-mediated ferritin induction, transferrin receptor expression, intracellular (59) Fe concentrations, and iron flux across a Caco-2 monolayer. 27136256 2 37 theme dietary 196:202 arg1 iron 204:207 excess unabsorbed dietary iron 178:207 excess unabsorbed dietary iron residing within the colonic lumen 178:241 However, in animal models, excess unabsorbed dietary iron residing within the colonic lumen has been shown to exacerbate inflammatory bowel disease and intestinal cancer. 27136256 6 38 theme LD 1060:1061 arg1 dependent 1086:1094 dependent 1086:1094 dependent 1086:1094 Furthermore, the bioactivity of Manucol LD was found to be highly dependent on both its molecular weight and its unique compositional sequence. 27136256 6 38 theme LD 1060:1061 arg1 bioactivity 1037:1047 the bioactivity 1033:1047 the bioactivity of Manucol LD 1033:1061 Furthermore, the bioactivity of Manucol LD was found to be highly dependent on both its molecular weight and its unique compositional sequence. 27136256 4 39 theme iron 807:810 arg1 flux 812:815 iron flux 807:815 iron flux across a Caco-2 monolayer 807:841 METHODS AND RESULTS Using several in vitro intestinal models, it is evident that only one alginate (Manucol LD) of the panel tested was able to inhibit intracellular iron accumulation as assessed by iron-mediated ferritin induction, transferrin receptor expression, intracellular (59) Fe concentrations, and iron flux across a Caco-2 monolayer. 27136256 2 40 theme excess 178:183 arg1 iron 204:207 excess unabsorbed dietary iron 178:207 excess unabsorbed dietary iron residing within the colonic lumen 178:241 However, in animal models, excess unabsorbed dietary iron residing within the colonic lumen has been shown to exacerbate inflammatory bowel disease and intestinal cancer. 27136256 2 41 theme unabsorbed 185:194 arg1 iron 204:207 excess unabsorbed dietary iron 178:207 excess unabsorbed dietary iron residing within the colonic lumen 178:241 However, in animal models, excess unabsorbed dietary iron residing within the colonic lumen has been shown to exacerbate inflammatory bowel disease and intestinal cancer. 27136256 4 42 theme panel 618:622 arg1 alginate 589:596 only one alginate 580:596 only one alginate (Manucol LD) of the panel tested 580:629 METHODS AND RESULTS Using several in vitro intestinal models, it is evident that only one alginate (Manucol LD) of the panel tested was able to inhibit intracellular iron accumulation as assessed by iron-mediated ferritin induction, transferrin receptor expression, intracellular (59) Fe concentrations, and iron flux across a Caco-2 monolayer. 27136256 4 42 theme panel 618:622 arg1 LD 607:608 LD 607:608 LD 607:608 METHODS AND RESULTS Using several in vitro intestinal models, it is evident that only one alginate (Manucol LD) of the panel tested was able to inhibit intracellular iron accumulation as assessed by iron-mediated ferritin induction, transferrin receptor expression, intracellular (59) Fe concentrations, and iron flux across a Caco-2 monolayer. 27136256 4 43 theme ferritin 712:719 arg1 induction 721:729 iron-mediated ferritin induction 698:729 iron-mediated ferritin induction 698:729 METHODS AND RESULTS Using several in vitro intestinal models, it is evident that only one alginate (Manucol LD) of the panel tested was able to inhibit intracellular iron accumulation as assessed by iron-mediated ferritin induction, transferrin receptor expression, intracellular (59) Fe concentrations, and iron flux across a Caco-2 monolayer. 27136256 5 44 theme increased 931:939 arg1 levels 952:957 increased fecal iron levels 931:957 increased fecal iron levels indicating iron chelation within the gastrointestinal tract 931:1017 Additionally, Manucol LD suppressed iron absorption in mice, which was associated with increased fecal iron levels indicating iron chelation within the gastrointestinal tract. 27136256 1 45 theme SCOPE 114:118 arg1 Iron 120:123 SCOPE Iron 114:123 SCOPE Iron 114:123 SCOPE Iron is an essential nutrient. 27136256 1 45 theme SCOPE 114:118 arg1 nutrient 141:148 an essential nutrient 128:148 an essential nutrient 128:148 SCOPE Iron is an essential nutrient. 27136256 4 46 theme iron 665:668 arg1 accumulation 670:681 intracellular iron accumulation 651:681 intracellular iron accumulation 651:681 METHODS AND RESULTS Using several in vitro intestinal models, it is evident that only one alginate (Manucol LD) of the panel tested was able to inhibit intracellular iron accumulation as assessed by iron-mediated ferritin induction, transferrin receptor expression, intracellular (59) Fe concentrations, and iron flux across a Caco-2 monolayer. 27136256 5 47 theme iron 970:973 arg1 chelation 975:983 iron chelation 970:983 iron chelation 970:983 Additionally, Manucol LD suppressed iron absorption in mice, which was associated with increased fecal iron levels indicating iron chelation within the gastrointestinal tract. 27136256 2 48 theme colonic 229:235 arg1 lumen 237:241 the colonic lumen 225:241 the colonic lumen 225:241 However, in animal models, excess unabsorbed dietary iron residing within the colonic lumen has been shown to exacerbate inflammatory bowel disease and intestinal cancer. 27136256 2 49 theme intestinal 303:312 arg1 cancer 314:319 intestinal cancer 303:319 intestinal cancer 303:319 However, in animal models, excess unabsorbed dietary iron residing within the colonic lumen has been shown to exacerbate inflammatory bowel disease and intestinal cancer. 27136256 0 50 theme sodium 50:55 arg1 alginate 57:64 a unique sodium alginate 41:64 a unique sodium alginate for the improvement of gastrointestinal health 41:111 The chelation of colonic luminal iron by a unique sodium alginate for the improvement of gastrointestinal health. 27136256 2 51 theme animal 163:168 arg1 models 170:175 animal models 163:175 animal models 163:175 However, in animal models, excess unabsorbed dietary iron residing within the colonic lumen has been shown to exacerbate inflammatory bowel disease and intestinal cancer. 27136256 6 52 theme molecular 1108:1116 arg1 weight 1118:1123 its molecular weight 1104:1123 its molecular weight 1104:1123 Furthermore, the bioactivity of Manucol LD was found to be highly dependent on both its molecular weight and its unique compositional sequence. 27136256 7 53 theme Manucol 1175:1181 arg1 LD 1183:1184 CONCLUSION Manucol LD 1164:1184 CONCLUSION Manucol LD 1164:1184 CONCLUSION Manucol LD could be useful for the chelation of this detrimental pool of unabsorbed iron and it could be fortified in foods to enhance intestinal health. 27136256 0 54 theme unique 43:48 arg1 alginate 57:64 a unique sodium alginate 41:64 a unique sodium alginate for the improvement of gastrointestinal health 41:111 The chelation of colonic luminal iron by a unique sodium alginate for the improvement of gastrointestinal health. 27136256 5 55 dep suppressed 869:878 arg1 associated 915:924 associated 915:924 was associated with increased fecal iron levels indicating iron chelation within the gastrointestinal tract 911:1017 Additionally, Manucol LD suppressed iron absorption in mice, which was associated with increased fecal iron levels indicating iron chelation within the gastrointestinal tract. 25793894 5 0 theme epimerase 784:792 arg1 sulfotransferases 741:757 mammalian sulfotransferases CHST3 and CHST12 and the epimerase DSEL, named chst3a and chst3b, chst12a and chst12b, dsela and dselb, respectively 731:874 mammalian sulfotransferases CHST3 and CHST12 and the epimerase DSEL, named chst3a and chst3b, chst12a and chst12b, dsela and dselb, respectively 731:874 In contrast, two copies were found for mammalian sulfotransferases CHST3 and CHST12 and the epimerase DSEL, named chst3a and chst3b, chst12a and chst12b, dsela and dselb, respectively. 25793894 5 0 theme epimerase 784:792 arg1 DSEL 794:797 the epimerase DSEL 780:797 the epimerase DSEL 780:797 In contrast, two copies were found for mammalian sulfotransferases CHST3 and CHST12 and the epimerase DSEL, named chst3a and chst3b, chst12a and chst12b, dsela and dselb, respectively. 25793894 7 1 dep show 1100:1103 arg1 whereas 1149:1155 whereas 1149:1155 whereas 1149:1155 We found that CS/DS 4-O-sulfotransferases and 6-O-sulfotransferases as well as CS/DS epimerases show a strong and partly overlapping expression, whereas the expression is restricted for enzymes with ability to synthesize di-sulfated disaccharides. 25793894 4 2 from genes 567:571 arg1 genome 590:595 the zebrafish genome 576:595 the zebrafish genome 576:595 We identify single orthologous genes in the zebrafish genome for the sulfotransferases chst7, chst11, chst13, chst14, chst15 and ust and the epimerase dse. 25793894 8 3 theme due 1356:1358 arg1 development 1337:1347 embryonic development 1327:1347 embryonic development mainly due to synthesis of 4-O-sulfated GalNAc 1327:1394 A structural analysis further showed that CS/DS sulfation increases during embryonic development mainly due to synthesis of 4-O-sulfated GalNAc while the proportion of 6-O-sulfated GalNAc increases in later developmental stages. 25793894 2 4 from matrix 340:345 arg1 abundant 310:317 abundant 310:317 abundant 310:317 The CS/DS proteoglycans are abundant in the extracellular matrix where they have essential functions in tissue development and homeostasis. 25793894 2 4 from matrix 340:345 arg1 proteoglycans 292:304 The CS/DS proteoglycans 282:304 The CS/DS proteoglycans 282:304 The CS/DS proteoglycans are abundant in the extracellular matrix where they have essential functions in tissue development and homeostasis. 25793894 11 5 theme CS/DS 1720:1724 arg1 biosynthesis 1726:1737 CS/DS biosynthesis 1720:1737 CS/DS biosynthesis in early zebrafish development 1720:1768 Notably, CS/DS biosynthesis in early zebrafish development is more dynamic than HS biosynthesis. 25793894 1 6 theme repeating 185:193 arg1 units 225:229 repeating GalNAc-GlcA/IdoA disaccharide units 185:229 repeating GalNAc-GlcA/IdoA disaccharide units 185:229 Chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) proteoglycans consist of unbranched sulfated polysaccharide chains of repeating GalNAc-GlcA/IdoA disaccharide units, attached to serine residues on specific proteins. 25793894 4 7 theme orthologous 555:565 arg1 genes 567:571 single orthologous genes 548:571 single orthologous genes in the zebrafish genome for the sulfotransferases chst7, chst11, chst13, chst14, chst15 and ust and the epimerase dse 548:689 We identify single orthologous genes in the zebrafish genome for the sulfotransferases chst7, chst11, chst13, chst14, chst15 and ust and the epimerase dse. 25793894 2 8 theme extracellular 326:338 arg1 matrix 340:345 the extracellular matrix 322:345 the extracellular matrix where they have essential functions in tissue development and homeostasis 322:419 The CS/DS proteoglycans are abundant in the extracellular matrix where they have essential functions in tissue development and homeostasis. 25793894 10 9 theme CS/DS 1658:1662 arg1 composition 1664:1674 CS/DS composition 1658:1674 CS/DS composition 1658:1674 We also compared CS/DS composition with that of heparan sulfate (HS). 25793894 6 10 theme modification 897:908 arg1 enzymes 910:916 CS/DS modification enzymes 891:916 CS/DS modification enzymes 891:916 Expression of CS/DS modification enzymes is spatially and temporally regulated with a large variation between different genes. 25793894 9 11 theme enzymes 1632:1638 arg1 expression 1612:1621 the restricted expression 1597:1621 the restricted expression of these enzymes 1597:1638 Di-sulfated GalNAc synthesized by Chst15 and 2-O-sulfated GlcA/IdoA synthesized by Ust are rare, in accordance with the restricted expression of these enzymes. 25793894 5 12 located found 721:725 arg1 contrast 695:702 contrast 695:702 contrast 695:702 In contrast, two copies were found for mammalian sulfotransferases CHST3 and CHST12 and the epimerase DSEL, named chst3a and chst3b, chst12a and chst12b, dsela and dselb, respectively. 25793894 5 12 located found 721:725 arg2 copies 709:714 two copies 705:714 two copies 705:714 In contrast, two copies were found for mammalian sulfotransferases CHST3 and CHST12 and the epimerase DSEL, named chst3a and chst3b, chst12a and chst12b, dsela and dselb, respectively. 25793894 1 13 theme sulfated 151:158 arg1 chains 175:180 unbranched sulfated polysaccharide chains 140:180 unbranched sulfated polysaccharide chains 140:180 Chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) proteoglycans consist of unbranched sulfated polysaccharide chains of repeating GalNAc-GlcA/IdoA disaccharide units, attached to serine residues on specific proteins. 25793894 4 14 dep sulfotransferases 605:621 arg1 chst13 638:643 chst13 638:643 chst13 638:643 We identify single orthologous genes in the zebrafish genome for the sulfotransferases chst7, chst11, chst13, chst14, chst15 and ust and the epimerase dse. 25793894 4 14 dep sulfotransferases 605:621 arg1 ust 665:667 ust 665:667 ust 665:667 We identify single orthologous genes in the zebrafish genome for the sulfotransferases chst7, chst11, chst13, chst14, chst15 and ust and the epimerase dse. 25793894 4 14 dep sulfotransferases 605:621 arg1 sulfotransferases 605:621 the sulfotransferases chst7, chst11, chst13, chst14, chst15 and ust 601:667 the sulfotransferases chst7, chst11, chst13, chst14, chst15 and ust 601:667 We identify single orthologous genes in the zebrafish genome for the sulfotransferases chst7, chst11, chst13, chst14, chst15 and ust and the epimerase dse. 25793894 4 14 dep sulfotransferases 605:621 arg1 chst7 623:627 chst7 623:627 chst7 623:627 We identify single orthologous genes in the zebrafish genome for the sulfotransferases chst7, chst11, chst13, chst14, chst15 and ust and the epimerase dse. 25793894 4 14 dep sulfotransferases 605:621 arg1 chst14 646:651 chst14 646:651 chst14 646:651 We identify single orthologous genes in the zebrafish genome for the sulfotransferases chst7, chst11, chst13, chst14, chst15 and ust and the epimerase dse. 25793894 4 14 dep sulfotransferases 605:621 arg1 chst15 654:659 chst15 654:659 chst15 654:659 We identify single orthologous genes in the zebrafish genome for the sulfotransferases chst7, chst11, chst13, chst14, chst15 and ust and the epimerase dse. 25793894 4 14 dep sulfotransferases 605:621 arg1 chst11 630:635 chst11 630:635 chst11 630:635 We identify single orthologous genes in the zebrafish genome for the sulfotransferases chst7, chst11, chst13, chst14, chst15 and ust and the epimerase dse. 25793894 11 15 from biosynthesis 1726:1737 arg1 development 1758:1768 early zebrafish development 1742:1768 early zebrafish development 1742:1768 Notably, CS/DS biosynthesis in early zebrafish development is more dynamic than HS biosynthesis. 25793894 1 16 theme Chondroitin/dermatan 78:97 arg1 CS/DS 108:112 CS/DS 108:112 CS/DS 108:112 Chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) proteoglycans consist of unbranched sulfated polysaccharide chains of repeating GalNAc-GlcA/IdoA disaccharide units, attached to serine residues on specific proteins. 25793894 1 16 theme Chondroitin/dermatan 78:97 arg1 sulfate 99:105 Chondroitin/dermatan sulfate 78:105 Chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) proteoglycans 78:127 Chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) proteoglycans consist of unbranched sulfated polysaccharide chains of repeating GalNAc-GlcA/IdoA disaccharide units, attached to serine residues on specific proteins. 25793894 3 17 theme genes 475:479 arg1 analysis 452:459 a phylogenetic analysis 437:459 a phylogenetic analysis of vertebrate genes coding for the enzymes that modify CS/DS 437:520 In this report a phylogenetic analysis of vertebrate genes coding for the enzymes that modify CS/DS is presented. 25793894 1 18 theme GalNAc-GlcA/IdoA 195:210 arg1 units 225:229 repeating GalNAc-GlcA/IdoA disaccharide units 185:229 repeating GalNAc-GlcA/IdoA disaccharide units 185:229 Chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) proteoglycans consist of unbranched sulfated polysaccharide chains of repeating GalNAc-GlcA/IdoA disaccharide units, attached to serine residues on specific proteins. 25793894 7 19 theme di-sulfated 1225:1235 arg1 disaccharides 1237:1249 di-sulfated disaccharides 1225:1249 di-sulfated disaccharides 1225:1249 We found that CS/DS 4-O-sulfotransferases and 6-O-sulfotransferases as well as CS/DS epimerases show a strong and partly overlapping expression, whereas the expression is restricted for enzymes with ability to synthesize di-sulfated disaccharides. 25793894 0 20 from enzymes 44:50 arg1 development 65:75 zebrafish development 55:75 zebrafish development 55:75 Chondroitin / dermatan sulfate modification enzymes in zebrafish development. 25793894 7 21 theme overlapping 1125:1135 arg1 expression 1137:1146 a strong and partly overlapping expression 1105:1146 a strong and partly overlapping expression 1105:1146 We found that CS/DS 4-O-sulfotransferases and 6-O-sulfotransferases as well as CS/DS epimerases show a strong and partly overlapping expression, whereas the expression is restricted for enzymes with ability to synthesize di-sulfated disaccharides. 25793894 1 22 theme sulfate 99:105 arg1 proteoglycans 115:127 Chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) proteoglycans 78:127 Chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) proteoglycans 78:127 Chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) proteoglycans consist of unbranched sulfated polysaccharide chains of repeating GalNAc-GlcA/IdoA disaccharide units, attached to serine residues on specific proteins. 25793894 1 23 theme disaccharide 212:223 arg1 units 225:229 repeating GalNAc-GlcA/IdoA disaccharide units 185:229 repeating GalNAc-GlcA/IdoA disaccharide units 185:229 Chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) proteoglycans consist of unbranched sulfated polysaccharide chains of repeating GalNAc-GlcA/IdoA disaccharide units, attached to serine residues on specific proteins. 25793894 10 24 theme heparan 1689:1695 arg1 HS 1706:1707 HS 1706:1707 HS 1706:1707 We also compared CS/DS composition with that of heparan sulfate (HS). 25793894 10 24 theme heparan 1689:1695 arg1 sulfate 1697:1703 heparan sulfate 1689:1703 heparan sulfate (HS) 1689:1708 We also compared CS/DS composition with that of heparan sulfate (HS). 25793894 7 25 theme strong 1107:1112 arg1 expression 1137:1146 a strong and partly overlapping expression 1105:1146 a strong and partly overlapping expression 1105:1146 We found that CS/DS 4-O-sulfotransferases and 6-O-sulfotransferases as well as CS/DS epimerases show a strong and partly overlapping expression, whereas the expression is restricted for enzymes with ability to synthesize di-sulfated disaccharides. 25793894 7 26 with enzymes 1190:1196 arg1 ability 1203:1209 ability 1203:1209 ability to synthesize di-sulfated disaccharides 1203:1249 We found that CS/DS 4-O-sulfotransferases and 6-O-sulfotransferases as well as CS/DS epimerases show a strong and partly overlapping expression, whereas the expression is restricted for enzymes with ability to synthesize di-sulfated disaccharides. 25793894 6 27 theme CS/DS 891:895 arg1 enzymes 910:916 CS/DS modification enzymes 891:916 CS/DS modification enzymes 891:916 Expression of CS/DS modification enzymes is spatially and temporally regulated with a large variation between different genes. 25793894 1 28 theme units 225:229 arg1 chains 175:180 unbranched sulfated polysaccharide chains 140:180 unbranched sulfated polysaccharide chains 140:180 Chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) proteoglycans consist of unbranched sulfated polysaccharide chains of repeating GalNAc-GlcA/IdoA disaccharide units, attached to serine residues on specific proteins. 25793894 11 29 theme zebrafish 1748:1756 arg1 development 1758:1768 early zebrafish development 1742:1768 early zebrafish development 1742:1768 Notably, CS/DS biosynthesis in early zebrafish development is more dynamic than HS biosynthesis. 25793894 6 30 theme different 987:995 arg1 genes 997:1001 different genes 987:1001 different genes 987:1001 Expression of CS/DS modification enzymes is spatially and temporally regulated with a large variation between different genes. 25793894 11 31 theme HS 1791:1792 arg1 biosynthesis 1794:1805 HS biosynthesis 1791:1805 HS biosynthesis 1791:1805 Notably, CS/DS biosynthesis in early zebrafish development is more dynamic than HS biosynthesis. 25793894 8 32 theme GalNAc 1433:1438 arg1 proportion 1406:1415 the proportion 1402:1415 the proportion of 6-O-sulfated GalNAc 1402:1438 A structural analysis further showed that CS/DS sulfation increases during embryonic development mainly due to synthesis of 4-O-sulfated GalNAc while the proportion of 6-O-sulfated GalNAc increases in later developmental stages. 25793894 8 33 theme CS/DS 1294:1298 arg1 sulfation 1300:1308 CS/DS sulfation 1294:1308 CS/DS sulfation 1294:1308 A structural analysis further showed that CS/DS sulfation increases during embryonic development mainly due to synthesis of 4-O-sulfated GalNAc while the proportion of 6-O-sulfated GalNAc increases in later developmental stages. 25793894 0 34 theme sulfate 23:29 arg1 enzymes 44:50 dermatan sulfate modification enzymes 14:50 Chondroitin / dermatan sulfate modification enzymes in zebrafish development. 0:76 Chondroitin / dermatan sulfate modification enzymes in zebrafish development. 25793894 8 35 theme later 1453:1457 arg1 stages 1473:1478 later developmental stages 1453:1478 later developmental stages 1453:1478 A structural analysis further showed that CS/DS sulfation increases during embryonic development mainly due to synthesis of 4-O-sulfated GalNAc while the proportion of 6-O-sulfated GalNAc increases in later developmental stages. 25793894 0 36 theme dermatan 14:21 arg1 enzymes 44:50 dermatan sulfate modification enzymes 14:50 Chondroitin / dermatan sulfate modification enzymes in zebrafish development. 0:76 Chondroitin / dermatan sulfate modification enzymes in zebrafish development. 25793894 12 37 with disaccharides 1833:1845 arg1 group 1874:1878 more than one sulfate group 1852:1878 more than one sulfate group 1852:1878 Furthermore, HS contains disaccharides with more than one sulfate group, which are virtually absent in CS/DS. 25793894 8 38 theme 6-O-sulfated 1420:1431 arg1 GalNAc 1433:1438 6-O-sulfated GalNAc 1420:1438 6-O-sulfated GalNAc 1420:1438 A structural analysis further showed that CS/DS sulfation increases during embryonic development mainly due to synthesis of 4-O-sulfated GalNAc while the proportion of 6-O-sulfated GalNAc increases in later developmental stages. 25793894 8 39 theme GalNAc 1389:1394 arg1 synthesis 1363:1371 synthesis 1363:1371 synthesis of 4-O-sulfated GalNAc 1363:1394 A structural analysis further showed that CS/DS sulfation increases during embryonic development mainly due to synthesis of 4-O-sulfated GalNAc while the proportion of 6-O-sulfated GalNAc increases in later developmental stages. 25793894 8 40 theme 4-O-sulfated 1376:1387 arg1 GalNAc 1389:1394 4-O-sulfated GalNAc 1376:1394 4-O-sulfated GalNAc 1376:1394 A structural analysis further showed that CS/DS sulfation increases during embryonic development mainly due to synthesis of 4-O-sulfated GalNAc while the proportion of 6-O-sulfated GalNAc increases in later developmental stages. 25793894 8 41 theme structural 1254:1263 arg1 analysis 1265:1272 A structural analysis 1252:1272 A structural analysis 1252:1272 A structural analysis further showed that CS/DS sulfation increases during embryonic development mainly due to synthesis of 4-O-sulfated GalNAc while the proportion of 6-O-sulfated GalNAc increases in later developmental stages. 25793894 6 42 theme large 963:967 arg1 variation 969:977 a large variation 961:977 a large variation between different genes 961:1001 Expression of CS/DS modification enzymes is spatially and temporally regulated with a large variation between different genes. 25793894 7 43 theme CS/DS 1083:1087 arg1 epimerases 1089:1098 CS/DS epimerases 1083:1098 CS/DS 4-O-sulfotransferases and 6-O-sulfotransferases as well as CS/DS epimerases 1018:1098 We found that CS/DS 4-O-sulfotransferases and 6-O-sulfotransferases as well as CS/DS epimerases show a strong and partly overlapping expression, whereas the expression is restricted for enzymes with ability to synthesize di-sulfated disaccharides. 25793894 1 44 theme serine 244:249 arg1 residues 251:258 serine residues 244:258 serine residues 244:258 Chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) proteoglycans consist of unbranched sulfated polysaccharide chains of repeating GalNAc-GlcA/IdoA disaccharide units, attached to serine residues on specific proteins. 25793894 0 45 theme modification 31:42 arg1 enzymes 44:50 dermatan sulfate modification enzymes 14:50 Chondroitin / dermatan sulfate modification enzymes in zebrafish development. 0:76 Chondroitin / dermatan sulfate modification enzymes in zebrafish development. 25793894 3 46 theme vertebrate 464:473 arg1 genes 475:479 vertebrate genes 464:479 vertebrate genes coding for the enzymes that modify CS/DS 464:520 In this report a phylogenetic analysis of vertebrate genes coding for the enzymes that modify CS/DS is presented. 25793894 8 47 theme developmental 1459:1471 arg1 stages 1473:1478 later developmental stages 1453:1478 later developmental stages 1453:1478 A structural analysis further showed that CS/DS sulfation increases during embryonic development mainly due to synthesis of 4-O-sulfated GalNAc while the proportion of 6-O-sulfated GalNAc increases in later developmental stages. 25793894 4 48 theme zebrafish 580:588 arg1 genome 590:595 the zebrafish genome 576:595 the zebrafish genome 576:595 We identify single orthologous genes in the zebrafish genome for the sulfotransferases chst7, chst11, chst13, chst14, chst15 and ust and the epimerase dse. 25793894 0 49 theme zebrafish 55:63 arg1 development 65:75 zebrafish development 55:75 zebrafish development 55:75 Chondroitin / dermatan sulfate modification enzymes in zebrafish development. 25793894 9 50 theme 2-O-sulfated 1526:1537 arg1 GlcA/IdoA 1539:1547 2-O-sulfated GlcA/IdoA 1526:1547 2-O-sulfated GlcA/IdoA synthesized by Ust 1526:1566 Di-sulfated GalNAc synthesized by Chst15 and 2-O-sulfated GlcA/IdoA synthesized by Ust are rare, in accordance with the restricted expression of these enzymes. 25793894 2 51 theme tissue 386:391 arg1 development 393:403 tissue development 386:403 tissue development 386:403 The CS/DS proteoglycans are abundant in the extracellular matrix where they have essential functions in tissue development and homeostasis. 25793894 5 52 theme mammalian 731:739 arg1 sulfotransferases 741:757 mammalian sulfotransferases CHST3 and CHST12 and the epimerase DSEL, named chst3a and chst3b, chst12a and chst12b, dsela and dselb, respectively 731:874 mammalian sulfotransferases CHST3 and CHST12 and the epimerase DSEL, named chst3a and chst3b, chst12a and chst12b, dsela and dselb, respectively 731:874 In contrast, two copies were found for mammalian sulfotransferases CHST3 and CHST12 and the epimerase DSEL, named chst3a and chst3b, chst12a and chst12b, dsela and dselb, respectively. 25793894 5 52 theme mammalian 731:739 arg1 CHST12 769:774 CHST12 769:774 CHST12 769:774 In contrast, two copies were found for mammalian sulfotransferases CHST3 and CHST12 and the epimerase DSEL, named chst3a and chst3b, chst12a and chst12b, dsela and dselb, respectively. 25793894 5 52 theme mammalian 731:739 arg1 CHST3 759:763 CHST3 759:763 CHST3 759:763 In contrast, two copies were found for mammalian sulfotransferases CHST3 and CHST12 and the epimerase DSEL, named chst3a and chst3b, chst12a and chst12b, dsela and dselb, respectively. 25793894 5 52 theme mammalian 731:739 arg1 DSEL 794:797 the epimerase DSEL 780:797 the epimerase DSEL 780:797 In contrast, two copies were found for mammalian sulfotransferases CHST3 and CHST12 and the epimerase DSEL, named chst3a and chst3b, chst12a and chst12b, dsela and dselb, respectively. 25793894 12 53 from CS/DS 1911:1915 arg1 absent 1901:1906 absent 1901:1906 absent 1901:1906 Furthermore, HS contains disaccharides with more than one sulfate group, which are virtually absent in CS/DS. 25793894 12 54 from absent 1901:1906 arg1 CS/DS 1911:1915 CS/DS 1911:1915 CS/DS 1911:1915 Furthermore, HS contains disaccharides with more than one sulfate group, which are virtually absent in CS/DS. 25793894 2 55 contain have 358:361 arg1 they 353:356 they 353:356 they 353:356 The CS/DS proteoglycans are abundant in the extracellular matrix where they have essential functions in tissue development and homeostasis. 25793894 2 55 contain have 358:361 arg2 functions 373:381 essential functions 363:381 essential functions 363:381 The CS/DS proteoglycans are abundant in the extracellular matrix where they have essential functions in tissue development and homeostasis. 25793894 5 56 dep sulfotransferases 741:757 arg1 sulfotransferases 741:757 mammalian sulfotransferases CHST3 and CHST12 and the epimerase DSEL, named chst3a and chst3b, chst12a and chst12b, dsela and dselb, respectively 731:874 mammalian sulfotransferases CHST3 and CHST12 and the epimerase DSEL, named chst3a and chst3b, chst12a and chst12b, dsela and dselb, respectively 731:874 In contrast, two copies were found for mammalian sulfotransferases CHST3 and CHST12 and the epimerase DSEL, named chst3a and chst3b, chst12a and chst12b, dsela and dselb, respectively. 25793894 5 56 dep sulfotransferases 741:757 arg1 CHST12 769:774 CHST12 769:774 CHST12 769:774 In contrast, two copies were found for mammalian sulfotransferases CHST3 and CHST12 and the epimerase DSEL, named chst3a and chst3b, chst12a and chst12b, dsela and dselb, respectively. 25793894 5 56 dep sulfotransferases 741:757 arg1 CHST3 759:763 CHST3 759:763 CHST3 759:763 In contrast, two copies were found for mammalian sulfotransferases CHST3 and CHST12 and the epimerase DSEL, named chst3a and chst3b, chst12a and chst12b, dsela and dselb, respectively. 25793894 5 56 dep sulfotransferases 741:757 arg1 DSEL 794:797 the epimerase DSEL 780:797 the epimerase DSEL 780:797 In contrast, two copies were found for mammalian sulfotransferases CHST3 and CHST12 and the epimerase DSEL, named chst3a and chst3b, chst12a and chst12b, dsela and dselb, respectively. 25793894 1 57 attach attached 232:239 arg2 chains 175:180 unbranched sulfated polysaccharide chains 140:180 unbranched sulfated polysaccharide chains 140:180 Chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) proteoglycans consist of unbranched sulfated polysaccharide chains of repeating GalNAc-GlcA/IdoA disaccharide units, attached to serine residues on specific proteins. 25793894 1 57 attach attached 232:239 arg3 proteins 272:279 specific proteins 263:279 specific proteins 263:279 Chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) proteoglycans consist of unbranched sulfated polysaccharide chains of repeating GalNAc-GlcA/IdoA disaccharide units, attached to serine residues on specific proteins. 25793894 1 57 attach attached 232:239 arg1 residues 251:258 serine residues 244:258 serine residues 244:258 Chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) proteoglycans consist of unbranched sulfated polysaccharide chains of repeating GalNAc-GlcA/IdoA disaccharide units, attached to serine residues on specific proteins. 25793894 12 58 contain contains 1824:1831 arg1 HS 1821:1822 HS 1821:1822 HS 1821:1822 Furthermore, HS contains disaccharides with more than one sulfate group, which are virtually absent in CS/DS. 25793894 12 58 contain contains 1824:1831 arg2 disaccharides 1833:1845 disaccharides 1833:1845 disaccharides 1833:1845 Furthermore, HS contains disaccharides with more than one sulfate group, which are virtually absent in CS/DS. 25793894 7 59 theme CS/DS 1018:1022 arg1 4-O-sulfotransferases 1024:1044 CS/DS 4-O-sulfotransferases 1018:1044 CS/DS 4-O-sulfotransferases 1018:1044 We found that CS/DS 4-O-sulfotransferases and 6-O-sulfotransferases as well as CS/DS epimerases show a strong and partly overlapping expression, whereas the expression is restricted for enzymes with ability to synthesize di-sulfated disaccharides. 25793894 1 60 theme unbranched 140:149 arg1 chains 175:180 unbranched sulfated polysaccharide chains 140:180 unbranched sulfated polysaccharide chains 140:180 Chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) proteoglycans consist of unbranched sulfated polysaccharide chains of repeating GalNAc-GlcA/IdoA disaccharide units, attached to serine residues on specific proteins. 25793894 2 61 from abundant 310:317 arg1 matrix 340:345 the extracellular matrix 322:345 the extracellular matrix where they have essential functions in tissue development and homeostasis 322:419 The CS/DS proteoglycans are abundant in the extracellular matrix where they have essential functions in tissue development and homeostasis. 25793894 11 62 theme early 1742:1746 arg1 development 1758:1768 early zebrafish development 1742:1768 early zebrafish development 1742:1768 Notably, CS/DS biosynthesis in early zebrafish development is more dynamic than HS biosynthesis. 25793894 12 63 theme sulfate 1866:1872 arg1 group 1874:1878 more than one sulfate group 1852:1878 more than one sulfate group 1852:1878 Furthermore, HS contains disaccharides with more than one sulfate group, which are virtually absent in CS/DS. 25793894 2 64 theme essential 363:371 arg1 functions 373:381 essential functions 363:381 essential functions 363:381 The CS/DS proteoglycans are abundant in the extracellular matrix where they have essential functions in tissue development and homeostasis. 25793894 1 65 theme specific 263:270 arg1 proteins 272:279 specific proteins 263:279 specific proteins 263:279 Chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) proteoglycans consist of unbranched sulfated polysaccharide chains of repeating GalNAc-GlcA/IdoA disaccharide units, attached to serine residues on specific proteins. 25793894 8 66 theme embryonic 1327:1335 arg1 development 1337:1347 embryonic development 1327:1347 embryonic development mainly due to synthesis of 4-O-sulfated GalNAc 1327:1394 A structural analysis further showed that CS/DS sulfation increases during embryonic development mainly due to synthesis of 4-O-sulfated GalNAc while the proportion of 6-O-sulfated GalNAc increases in later developmental stages. 25793894 1 67 theme polysaccharide 160:173 arg1 chains 175:180 unbranched sulfated polysaccharide chains 140:180 unbranched sulfated polysaccharide chains 140:180 Chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) proteoglycans consist of unbranched sulfated polysaccharide chains of repeating GalNAc-GlcA/IdoA disaccharide units, attached to serine residues on specific proteins. 25793894 4 68 theme epimerase 677:685 arg1 dse 687:689 the epimerase dse 673:689 the epimerase dse 673:689 We identify single orthologous genes in the zebrafish genome for the sulfotransferases chst7, chst11, chst13, chst14, chst15 and ust and the epimerase dse. 25793894 6 69 theme enzymes 910:916 arg1 Expression 877:886 Expression 877:886 Expression of CS/DS modification enzymes 877:916 Expression of CS/DS modification enzymes is spatially and temporally regulated with a large variation between different genes. 25793894 3 70 theme phylogenetic 439:450 arg1 analysis 452:459 a phylogenetic analysis 437:459 a phylogenetic analysis of vertebrate genes coding for the enzymes that modify CS/DS 437:520 In this report a phylogenetic analysis of vertebrate genes coding for the enzymes that modify CS/DS is presented. 25793894 4 71 theme single 548:553 arg1 genes 567:571 single orthologous genes 548:571 single orthologous genes in the zebrafish genome for the sulfotransferases chst7, chst11, chst13, chst14, chst15 and ust and the epimerase dse 548:689 We identify single orthologous genes in the zebrafish genome for the sulfotransferases chst7, chst11, chst13, chst14, chst15 and ust and the epimerase dse. 25793894 0 72 dep Chondroitin 0:10 arg1 enzymes 44:50 dermatan sulfate modification enzymes 14:50 Chondroitin / dermatan sulfate modification enzymes in zebrafish development. 0:76 Chondroitin / dermatan sulfate modification enzymes in zebrafish development. 25793894 9 73 theme restricted 1601:1610 arg1 expression 1612:1621 the restricted expression 1597:1621 the restricted expression of these enzymes 1597:1638 Di-sulfated GalNAc synthesized by Chst15 and 2-O-sulfated GlcA/IdoA synthesized by Ust are rare, in accordance with the restricted expression of these enzymes. 25793894 9 74 theme Di-sulfated 1481:1491 arg1 GalNAc 1493:1498 Di-sulfated GalNAc 1481:1498 Di-sulfated GalNAc synthesized by Chst15 1481:1520 Di-sulfated GalNAc synthesized by Chst15 and 2-O-sulfated GlcA/IdoA synthesized by Ust are rare, in accordance with the restricted expression of these enzymes. 28954838 6 0 theme substrate 1954:1962 arg1 availability 1964:1975 hindgut substrate availability 1946:1975 hindgut substrate availability 1946:1975 Ileal starch flow and fecal Firmicutes abundance were positively correlated and determined by using principal components analysis.Conclusions: Increasing dietary fermentable fiber from whole grains can increase ileal substrate flow and hindgut substrate availability, shifting the fecal microbiota toward Firmicutes phylum members. 28954838 1 1 theme × 918:918 arg1 periods 909:915 periods 909:915 periods 909:915 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 1 1 theme × 918:918 arg1 diets 923:927 diets 923:927 diets 923:927 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 1 1 theme × 918:918 arg1 square 937:942 a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square 904:942 a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square 904:942 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 6 2 theme ileal 1921:1925 arg1 flow 1937:1940 ileal substrate flow 1921:1940 ileal substrate flow 1921:1940 Ileal starch flow and fecal Firmicutes abundance were positively correlated and determined by using principal components analysis.Conclusions: Increasing dietary fermentable fiber from whole grains can increase ileal substrate flow and hindgut substrate availability, shifting the fecal microbiota toward Firmicutes phylum members. 28954838 1 3 theme hindgut 444:450 arg1 availability 462:473 hindgut substrate availability 444:473 hindgut substrate availability 444:473 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 1 4 theme digestion 247:255 arg1 site 230:233 the site 226:233 the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square 226:942 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 1 4 theme digestion 247:255 arg1 digestion 247:255 nutrient digestion 238:255 nutrient digestion 238:255 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 6 5 theme substrate 1927:1935 arg1 flow 1937:1940 ileal substrate flow 1921:1940 ileal substrate flow 1921:1940 Ileal starch flow and fecal Firmicutes abundance were positively correlated and determined by using principal components analysis.Conclusions: Increasing dietary fermentable fiber from whole grains can increase ileal substrate flow and hindgut substrate availability, shifting the fecal microbiota toward Firmicutes phylum members. 28954838 1 6 theme ileal-cannulated 863:878 arg1 pigs 888:891 ileal-cannulated growing pigs 863:891 ileal-cannulated growing pigs 863:891 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 2 7 theme P 1127:1127 arg1 < 1129:1129 P < 0.05 1127:1134 P < 0.05 1127:1134 Digesta were analyzed for nutrient flow and microbial composition via 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.Results: The consumption of fermentable whole grains, HFB, and HFA increased (P < 0.05) ileal starch flow by 69% and dry matter flow by 37% compared with LFB and LFW intakes. 28954838 1 8 theme low-fermentability 726:743 arg1 LFB 760:762 LFB 760:762 LFB 760:762 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 1 8 theme low-fermentability 726:743 arg1 barley 752:757 low-fermentability hulled barley 726:757 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB) 723:763 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 5 9 theme Bacteroidetes 1646:1658 arg1 abundance 1667:1675 fecal Bacteroidetes phylum abundance 1640:1675 fecal Bacteroidetes phylum abundance by 43% 1640:1682 In contrast, the consumption of LFB increased (P < 0.05) fecal Bacteroidetes phylum abundance by 43% compared with MFB intake. 28954838 6 10 theme hindgut 1946:1952 arg1 availability 1964:1975 hindgut substrate availability 1946:1975 hindgut substrate availability 1946:1975 Ileal starch flow and fecal Firmicutes abundance were positively correlated and determined by using principal components analysis.Conclusions: Increasing dietary fermentable fiber from whole grains can increase ileal substrate flow and hindgut substrate availability, shifting the fecal microbiota toward Firmicutes phylum members. 28954838 6 11 from grains 1901:1906 arg1 fiber 1884:1888 Increasing dietary fermentable fiber 1853:1888 Increasing dietary fermentable fiber from whole grains 1853:1906 Ileal starch flow and fecal Firmicutes abundance were positively correlated and determined by using principal components analysis.Conclusions: Increasing dietary fermentable fiber from whole grains can increase ileal substrate flow and hindgut substrate availability, shifting the fecal microbiota toward Firmicutes phylum members. 28954838 1 12 theme gut 491:493 arg1 profiles 505:512 subsequent gut microbial profiles 480:512 subsequent gut microbial profiles 480:512 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 2 13 theme ileal 1137:1141 arg1 flow 1150:1153 ileal starch flow 1137:1153 ileal starch flow by 69% 1137:1160 Digesta were analyzed for nutrient flow and microbial composition via 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.Results: The consumption of fermentable whole grains, HFB, and HFA increased (P < 0.05) ileal starch flow by 69% and dry matter flow by 37% compared with LFB and LFW intakes. 28954838 6 14 theme starch 1716:1721 arg1 flow 1723:1726 Ileal starch flow 1710:1726 Ileal starch flow 1710:1726 Ileal starch flow and fecal Firmicutes abundance were positively correlated and determined by using principal components analysis.Conclusions: Increasing dietary fermentable fiber from whole grains can increase ileal substrate flow and hindgut substrate availability, shifting the fecal microbiota toward Firmicutes phylum members. 28954838 1 15 theme fermentable 389:399 arg1 composition 407:417 whole-grain fermentable fiber composition 377:417 whole-grain fermentable fiber composition 377:417 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 1 16 theme chemical 194:201 arg1 composition 203:213 whole-grain chemical composition 182:213 whole-grain chemical composition 182:213 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 2 17 theme matter 1170:1175 arg1 flow 1177:1180 dry matter flow 1166:1180 dry matter flow by 37% 1166:1187 Digesta were analyzed for nutrient flow and microbial composition via 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.Results: The consumption of fermentable whole grains, HFB, and HFA increased (P < 0.05) ileal starch flow by 69% and dry matter flow by 37% compared with LFB and LFW intakes. 28954838 2 18 theme whole 1089:1093 arg1 grains 1095:1100 fermentable whole grains 1077:1100 fermentable whole grains 1077:1100 Digesta were analyzed for nutrient flow and microbial composition via 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.Results: The consumption of fermentable whole grains, HFB, and HFA increased (P < 0.05) ileal starch flow by 69% and dry matter flow by 37% compared with LFB and LFW intakes. 28954838 7 19 theme microbiota 2228:2237 arg1 composition 2239:2249 gut microbiota composition 2224:2249 gut microbiota composition 2224:2249 Thus, digesta substrate flow is important to shape gut microbial profiles in pigs, which indicates that the manipulation of substrate flow should be considered as a tool to modulate gut microbiota composition. 28954838 0 20 theme Fecal 125:129 arg1 Profiles 141:148 Fecal Microbial Profiles 125:148 Fecal Microbial Profiles 125:148 Whole-Grain Starch and Fiber Composition Modifies Ileal Flow of Nutrients and Nutrient Availability in the Hindgut, Shifting Fecal Microbial Profiles in Pigs. 28954838 1 21 theme composition 407:417 arg1 function 365:372 the function 361:372 the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods 361:528 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 3 22 theme phylum 1293:1298 arg1 abundance 1300:1308 (P < 0.05) fecal Firmicutes phylum abundance 1265:1308 (P < 0.05) fecal Firmicutes phylum abundance 1265:1308 The consumption of HFB and HFA increased (P < 0.05) fecal Firmicutes phylum abundance by 26% and 21% compared with LFB intake and increased (P < 0.05) fecal Dialister genus abundance, on average, by 98% compared with LFB and LFW intakes. 28954838 2 23 theme grains 1095:1100 arg1 HFB 1103:1105 HFB 1103:1105 HFB 1103:1105 Digesta were analyzed for nutrient flow and microbial composition via 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.Results: The consumption of fermentable whole grains, HFB, and HFA increased (P < 0.05) ileal starch flow by 69% and dry matter flow by 37% compared with LFB and LFW intakes. 28954838 2 23 theme grains 1095:1100 arg1 HFA 1112:1114 HFA 1112:1114 HFA 1112:1114 Digesta were analyzed for nutrient flow and microbial composition via 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.Results: The consumption of fermentable whole grains, HFB, and HFA increased (P < 0.05) ileal starch flow by 69% and dry matter flow by 37% compared with LFB and LFW intakes. 28954838 2 23 theme grains 1095:1100 arg1 consumption 1062:1072 The consumption 1058:1072 The consumption of fermentable whole grains 1058:1100 Digesta were analyzed for nutrient flow and microbial composition via 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.Results: The consumption of fermentable whole grains, HFB, and HFA increased (P < 0.05) ileal starch flow by 69% and dry matter flow by 37% compared with LFB and LFW intakes. 28954838 1 24 theme hull-less 699:707 arg1 MFB 717:719 MFB 717:719 MFB 717:719 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 1 24 theme hull-less 699:707 arg1 barley 709:714 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley 672:714 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB) 672:720 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 5 25 theme MFB 1698:1700 arg1 intake 1702:1707 MFB intake 1698:1707 MFB intake 1698:1707 In contrast, the consumption of LFB increased (P < 0.05) fecal Bacteroidetes phylum abundance by 43% compared with MFB intake. 28954838 1 26 theme ileal 422:426 arg1 flow 438:441 ileal substrate flow 422:441 ileal substrate flow 422:441 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 7 27 theme microbial 2097:2105 arg1 profiles 2107:2114 gut microbial profiles 2093:2114 gut microbial profiles in pigs, which indicates that the manipulation of substrate flow should be considered as a tool to modulate gut microbiota composition 2093:2249 Thus, digesta substrate flow is important to shape gut microbial profiles in pigs, which indicates that the manipulation of substrate flow should be considered as a tool to modulate gut microbiota composition. 28954838 2 28 theme fermentable 1077:1087 arg1 grains 1095:1100 fermentable whole grains 1077:1100 fermentable whole grains 1077:1100 Digesta were analyzed for nutrient flow and microbial composition via 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.Results: The consumption of fermentable whole grains, HFB, and HFA increased (P < 0.05) ileal starch flow by 69% and dry matter flow by 37% compared with LFB and LFW intakes. 28954838 1 29 from d 899:899 arg1 periods 909:915 periods 909:915 periods 909:915 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 1 29 from d 899:899 arg1 diets 923:927 diets 923:927 diets 923:927 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 1 29 from d 899:899 arg1 square 937:942 a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square 904:942 a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square 904:942 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 1 30 from Changes 171:177 arg1 composition 203:213 whole-grain chemical composition 182:213 whole-grain chemical composition 182:213 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 0 31 from Availability 87:98 arg1 Hindgut 107:113 the Hindgut 103:113 the Hindgut 103:113 Whole-Grain Starch and Fiber Composition Modifies Ileal Flow of Nutrients and Nutrient Availability in the Hindgut, Shifting Fecal Microbial Profiles in Pigs. 28954838 3 32 theme LFB 1339:1341 arg1 intake 1343:1348 LFB intake 1339:1348 LFB intake 1339:1348 The consumption of HFB and HFA increased (P < 0.05) fecal Firmicutes phylum abundance by 26% and 21% compared with LFB intake and increased (P < 0.05) fecal Dialister genus abundance, on average, by 98% compared with LFB and LFW intakes. 28954838 1 33 theme high-amylose 635:646 arg1 HFA 666:668 HFA 666:668 HFA 666:668 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 1 33 theme high-amylose 635:646 arg1 barley 658:663 high-amylose hull-less barley 635:663 high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA) 635:669 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 5 34 dep increased 1619:1627 arg1 < 1632:1632 P < 0.05 1630:1637 P < 0.05 1630:1637 In contrast, the consumption of LFB increased (P < 0.05) fecal Bacteroidetes phylum abundance by 43% compared with MFB intake. 28954838 1 35 theme hard 791:794 arg1 -were 818:822 hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were 791:822 gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square 301:942 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 2 36 theme gene 1033:1036 arg1 sequencing.Results 1038:1055 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.Results 1015:1055 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.Results 1015:1055 Digesta were analyzed for nutrient flow and microbial composition via 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.Results: The consumption of fermentable whole grains, HFB, and HFA increased (P < 0.05) ileal starch flow by 69% and dry matter flow by 37% compared with LFB and LFW intakes. 28954838 6 37 theme components 1820:1829 arg1 analysis.Conclusions 1831:1850 principal components analysis.Conclusions 1810:1850 principal components analysis.Conclusions 1810:1850 Ileal starch flow and fecal Firmicutes abundance were positively correlated and determined by using principal components analysis.Conclusions: Increasing dietary fermentable fiber from whole grains can increase ileal substrate flow and hindgut substrate availability, shifting the fecal microbiota toward Firmicutes phylum members. 28954838 1 38 dep composition.Objective 316:336 arg1 -were 818:822 hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were 791:822 gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square 301:942 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 1 39 theme spring 800:805 arg1 -were 818:822 hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were 791:822 gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square 301:942 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 2 40 theme ribosomal 1019:1027 arg1 RNA 1029:1031 16S ribosomal RNA 1015:1031 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.Results 1015:1055 Digesta were analyzed for nutrient flow and microbial composition via 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.Results: The consumption of fermentable whole grains, HFB, and HFA increased (P < 0.05) ileal starch flow by 69% and dry matter flow by 37% compared with LFB and LFW intakes. 28954838 3 41 theme HFB 1243:1245 arg1 consumption 1228:1238 The consumption 1224:1238 The consumption of HFB and HFA 1224:1253 The consumption of HFB and HFA increased (P < 0.05) fecal Firmicutes phylum abundance by 26% and 21% compared with LFB intake and increased (P < 0.05) fecal Dialister genus abundance, on average, by 98% compared with LFB and LFW intakes. 28954838 1 42 theme hull-less 587:595 arg1 HFB 605:607 high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability 573:632 high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability 573:632 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 0 43 theme Whole-Grain 0:10 arg1 Starch 12:17 Whole-Grain Starch 0:17 Whole-Grain Starch 0:17 Whole-Grain Starch and Fiber Composition Modifies Ileal Flow of Nutrients and Nutrient Availability in the Hindgut, Shifting Fecal Microbial Profiles in Pigs. 28954838 1 44 theme Youden 930:935 arg1 periods 909:915 periods 909:915 periods 909:915 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 1 44 theme Youden 930:935 arg1 diets 923:927 diets 923:927 diets 923:927 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 1 44 theme Youden 930:935 arg1 square 937:942 a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square 904:942 a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square 904:942 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 1 45 theme hulled 745:750 arg1 LFB 760:762 LFB 760:762 LFB 760:762 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 1 45 theme hulled 745:750 arg1 barley 752:757 low-fermentability hulled barley 726:757 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB) 723:763 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 1 46 from function 365:372 arg1 pigs.Methods 517:528 pigs.Methods 517:528 pigs.Methods 517:528 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 1 46 from function 365:372 arg1 availability 462:473 hindgut substrate availability 444:473 hindgut substrate availability 444:473 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 1 46 from function 365:372 arg1 profiles 505:512 subsequent gut microbial profiles 480:512 subsequent gut microbial profiles 480:512 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 1 46 from function 365:372 arg1 flow 438:441 ileal substrate flow 422:441 ileal substrate flow 422:441 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 1 47 theme substrate 274:282 arg1 availability 284:295 substrate availability 274:295 substrate availability 274:295 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 5 48 theme P 1630:1630 arg1 < 1632:1632 P < 0.05 1630:1637 P < 0.05 1630:1637 In contrast, the consumption of LFB increased (P < 0.05) fecal Bacteroidetes phylum abundance by 43% compared with MFB intake. 28954838 6 49 theme whole 1895:1899 arg1 grains 1901:1906 whole grains 1895:1906 whole grains 1895:1906 Ileal starch flow and fecal Firmicutes abundance were positively correlated and determined by using principal components analysis.Conclusions: Increasing dietary fermentable fiber from whole grains can increase ileal substrate flow and hindgut substrate availability, shifting the fecal microbiota toward Firmicutes phylum members. 28954838 2 50 theme LFW 1211:1213 arg1 intakes 1215:1221 LFW intakes 1211:1221 LFW intakes 1211:1221 Digesta were analyzed for nutrient flow and microbial composition via 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.Results: The consumption of fermentable whole grains, HFB, and HFA increased (P < 0.05) ileal starch flow by 69% and dry matter flow by 37% compared with LFB and LFW intakes. 28954838 3 51 dep fecal 1276:1280 arg1 < 1268:1268 P < 0.05 1266:1273 P < 0.05 1266:1273 The consumption of HFB and HFA increased (P < 0.05) fecal Firmicutes phylum abundance by 26% and 21% compared with LFB intake and increased (P < 0.05) fecal Dialister genus abundance, on average, by 98% compared with LFB and LFW intakes. 28954838 4 52 theme Ruminococcus 1480:1491 arg1 genera 1493:1498 Ruminococcus genera 1480:1498 Ruminococcus genera 1480:1498 Fecal Sharpea and Ruminococcus genera abundances increased (P < 0.05) with HFB intake compared with LFB and LFW intakes. 28954838 3 53 theme HFA 1251:1253 arg1 consumption 1228:1238 The consumption 1224:1238 The consumption of HFB and HFA 1224:1253 The consumption of HFB and HFA increased (P < 0.05) fecal Firmicutes phylum abundance by 26% and 21% compared with LFB intake and increased (P < 0.05) fecal Dialister genus abundance, on average, by 98% compared with LFB and LFW intakes. 28954838 0 54 theme Ileal 50:54 arg1 Flow 56:59 Ileal Flow 50:59 Ileal Flow of Nutrients 50:72 Whole-Grain Starch and Fiber Composition Modifies Ileal Flow of Nutrients and Nutrient Availability in the Hindgut, Shifting Fecal Microbial Profiles in Pigs. 28954838 1 55 theme microbiota 305:314 arg1 composition.Objective 316:336 gut microbiota composition.Objective 301:336 gut microbiota composition.Objective 301:336 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 3 56 theme Dialister 1381:1389 arg1 abundance 1397:1405 fecal Dialister genus abundance 1375:1405 fecal Dialister genus abundance 1375:1405 The consumption of HFB and HFA increased (P < 0.05) fecal Firmicutes phylum abundance by 26% and 21% compared with LFB intake and increased (P < 0.05) fecal Dialister genus abundance, on average, by 98% compared with LFB and LFW intakes. 28954838 3 57 theme P 1266:1266 arg1 < 1268:1268 P < 0.05 1266:1273 P < 0.05 1266:1273 The consumption of HFB and HFA increased (P < 0.05) fecal Firmicutes phylum abundance by 26% and 21% compared with LFB intake and increased (P < 0.05) fecal Dialister genus abundance, on average, by 98% compared with LFB and LFW intakes. 28954838 3 58 theme LFW 1449:1451 arg1 intakes 1453:1459 LFW intakes 1449:1459 LFW intakes 1449:1459 The consumption of HFB and HFA increased (P < 0.05) fecal Firmicutes phylum abundance by 26% and 21% compared with LFB intake and increased (P < 0.05) fecal Dialister genus abundance, on average, by 98% compared with LFB and LFW intakes. 28954838 6 59 theme dietary 1864:1870 arg1 fiber 1884:1888 Increasing dietary fermentable fiber 1853:1888 Increasing dietary fermentable fiber from whole grains 1853:1906 Ileal starch flow and fecal Firmicutes abundance were positively correlated and determined by using principal components analysis.Conclusions: Increasing dietary fermentable fiber from whole grains can increase ileal substrate flow and hindgut substrate availability, shifting the fecal microbiota toward Firmicutes phylum members. 28954838 7 60 theme flow 2176:2179 arg1 tool 2207:2210 a tool 2205:2210 a tool to modulate gut microbiota composition 2205:2249 Thus, digesta substrate flow is important to shape gut microbial profiles in pigs, which indicates that the manipulation of substrate flow should be considered as a tool to modulate gut microbiota composition. 28954838 7 60 theme flow 2176:2179 arg1 manipulation 2150:2161 the manipulation 2146:2161 the manipulation of substrate flow 2146:2179 Thus, digesta substrate flow is important to shape gut microbial profiles in pigs, which indicates that the manipulation of substrate flow should be considered as a tool to modulate gut microbiota composition. 28954838 2 61 theme microbial 989:997 arg1 composition 999:1009 microbial composition 989:1009 microbial composition 989:1009 Digesta were analyzed for nutrient flow and microbial composition via 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.Results: The consumption of fermentable whole grains, HFB, and HFA increased (P < 0.05) ileal starch flow by 69% and dry matter flow by 37% compared with LFB and LFW intakes. 28954838 1 62 theme whole 536:540 arg1 grains-1 542:549 Five whole grains-1 531:549 Five whole grains-1 531:549 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 1 63 theme nutrient 238:245 arg1 digestion 247:255 nutrient digestion 238:255 nutrient digestion 238:255 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 1 64 dep barley 752:757 arg1 4 723:723 4 723:723 4 723:723 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 1 65 theme substrate 452:460 arg1 availability 462:473 hindgut substrate availability 444:473 hindgut substrate availability 444:473 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 4 66 theme HFB 1537:1539 arg1 intake 1541:1546 HFB intake 1537:1546 HFB intake 1537:1546 Fecal Sharpea and Ruminococcus genera abundances increased (P < 0.05) with HFB intake compared with LFB and LFW intakes. 28954838 5 67 theme fecal 1640:1644 arg1 abundance 1667:1675 fecal Bacteroidetes phylum abundance 1640:1675 fecal Bacteroidetes phylum abundance by 43% 1640:1682 In contrast, the consumption of LFB increased (P < 0.05) fecal Bacteroidetes phylum abundance by 43% compared with MFB intake. 28954838 4 68 dep increased 1511:1519 arg1 < 1524:1524 P < 0.05 1522:1529 P < 0.05 1522:1529 Fecal Sharpea and Ruminococcus genera abundances increased (P < 0.05) with HFB intake compared with LFB and LFW intakes. 28954838 1 69 theme growing 880:886 arg1 pigs 888:891 ileal-cannulated growing pigs 863:891 ileal-cannulated growing pigs 863:891 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 1 70 theme subsequent 480:489 arg1 profiles 505:512 subsequent gut microbial profiles 480:512 subsequent gut microbial profiles 480:512 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 6 71 theme phylum 2026:2031 arg1 members 2033:2039 Firmicutes phylum members 2015:2039 Firmicutes phylum members 2015:2039 Ileal starch flow and fecal Firmicutes abundance were positively correlated and determined by using principal components analysis.Conclusions: Increasing dietary fermentable fiber from whole grains can increase ileal substrate flow and hindgut substrate availability, shifting the fecal microbiota toward Firmicutes phylum members. 28954838 1 72 theme microbial 495:503 arg1 profiles 505:512 subsequent gut microbial profiles 480:512 subsequent gut microbial profiles 480:512 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 1 73 theme whole-grain 182:192 arg1 composition 203:213 whole-grain chemical composition 182:213 whole-grain chemical composition 182:213 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 2 74 theme starch 1143:1148 arg1 flow 1150:1153 ileal starch flow 1137:1153 ileal starch flow by 69% 1137:1160 Digesta were analyzed for nutrient flow and microbial composition via 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.Results: The consumption of fermentable whole grains, HFB, and HFA increased (P < 0.05) ileal starch flow by 69% and dry matter flow by 37% compared with LFB and LFW intakes. 28954838 7 75 theme gut 2224:2226 arg1 composition 2239:2249 gut microbiota composition 2224:2249 gut microbiota composition 2224:2249 Thus, digesta substrate flow is important to shape gut microbial profiles in pigs, which indicates that the manipulation of substrate flow should be considered as a tool to modulate gut microbiota composition. 28954838 4 76 theme LFW 1570:1572 arg1 intakes 1574:1580 LFW intakes 1570:1580 LFW intakes 1570:1580 Fecal Sharpea and Ruminococcus genera abundances increased (P < 0.05) with HFB intake compared with LFB and LFW intakes. 28954838 0 77 theme Microbial 131:139 arg1 Profiles 141:148 Fecal Microbial Profiles 125:148 Fecal Microbial Profiles 125:148 Whole-Grain Starch and Fiber Composition Modifies Ileal Flow of Nutrients and Nutrient Availability in the Hindgut, Shifting Fecal Microbial Profiles in Pigs. 28954838 1 78 theme fiber 401:405 arg1 composition 407:417 whole-grain fermentable fiber composition 377:417 whole-grain fermentable fiber composition 377:417 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 2 79 theme dry 1166:1168 arg1 flow 1177:1180 dry matter flow 1166:1180 dry matter flow by 37% 1166:1187 Digesta were analyzed for nutrient flow and microbial composition via 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.Results: The consumption of fermentable whole grains, HFB, and HFA increased (P < 0.05) ileal starch flow by 69% and dry matter flow by 37% compared with LFB and LFW intakes. 28954838 5 80 dep Bacteroidetes 1646:1658 arg1 phylum 1660:1665 phylum 1660:1665 phylum 1660:1665 In contrast, the consumption of LFB increased (P < 0.05) fecal Bacteroidetes phylum abundance by 43% compared with MFB intake. 28954838 1 81 theme moderate-fermentability 675:697 arg1 MFB 717:719 MFB 717:719 MFB 717:719 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 1 81 theme moderate-fermentability 675:697 arg1 barley 709:714 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley 672:714 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB) 672:720 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 3 82 dep increased 1354:1362 arg1 < 1367:1367 P < 0.05 1365:1372 P < 0.05 1365:1372 The consumption of HFB and HFA increased (P < 0.05) fecal Firmicutes phylum abundance by 26% and 21% compared with LFB intake and increased (P < 0.05) fecal Dialister genus abundance, on average, by 98% compared with LFB and LFW intakes. 28954838 7 83 theme gut 2093:2095 arg1 profiles 2107:2114 gut microbial profiles 2093:2114 gut microbial profiles in pigs, which indicates that the manipulation of substrate flow should be considered as a tool to modulate gut microbiota composition 2093:2249 Thus, digesta substrate flow is important to shape gut microbial profiles in pigs, which indicates that the manipulation of substrate flow should be considered as a tool to modulate gut microbiota composition. 28954838 4 84 theme Sharpea 1468:1474 arg1 abundances 1500:1509 Fecal Sharpea and Ruminococcus genera abundances 1462:1509 Fecal Sharpea and Ruminococcus genera abundances 1462:1509 Fecal Sharpea and Ruminococcus genera abundances increased (P < 0.05) with HFB intake compared with LFB and LFW intakes. 28954838 1 85 theme substrate 428:436 arg1 flow 438:441 ileal substrate flow 422:441 ileal substrate flow 422:441 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 2 86 dep increased 1116:1124 arg1 < 1129:1129 P < 0.05 1127:1134 P < 0.05 1127:1134 Digesta were analyzed for nutrient flow and microbial composition via 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.Results: The consumption of fermentable whole grains, HFB, and HFA increased (P < 0.05) ileal starch flow by 69% and dry matter flow by 37% compared with LFB and LFW intakes. 28954838 0 87 theme Nutrients 64:72 arg1 Availability 87:98 Nutrient Availability 78:98 Nutrient Availability in the Hindgut 78:113 Whole-Grain Starch and Fiber Composition Modifies Ileal Flow of Nutrients and Nutrient Availability in the Hindgut, Shifting Fecal Microbial Profiles in Pigs. 28954838 0 87 theme Nutrients 64:72 arg1 Flow 56:59 Ileal Flow 50:59 Ileal Flow of Nutrients 50:72 Whole-Grain Starch and Fiber Composition Modifies Ileal Flow of Nutrients and Nutrient Availability in the Hindgut, Shifting Fecal Microbial Profiles in Pigs. 28954838 1 88 dep low-fermentability 772:789 arg1 5 769:769 5 769:769 5 769:769 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 0 89 theme Nutrient 78:85 arg1 Availability 87:98 Nutrient Availability 78:98 Nutrient Availability in the Hindgut 78:113 Whole-Grain Starch and Fiber Composition Modifies Ileal Flow of Nutrients and Nutrient Availability in the Hindgut, Shifting Fecal Microbial Profiles in Pigs. 28954838 6 90 theme Increasing 1853:1862 arg1 fiber 1884:1888 Increasing dietary fermentable fiber 1853:1888 Increasing dietary fermentable fiber from whole grains 1853:1906 Ileal starch flow and fecal Firmicutes abundance were positively correlated and determined by using principal components analysis.Conclusions: Increasing dietary fermentable fiber from whole grains can increase ileal substrate flow and hindgut substrate availability, shifting the fecal microbiota toward Firmicutes phylum members. 28954838 7 91 theme substrate 2056:2064 arg1 flow 2066:2069 digesta substrate flow 2048:2069 digesta substrate flow 2048:2069 Thus, digesta substrate flow is important to shape gut microbial profiles in pigs, which indicates that the manipulation of substrate flow should be considered as a tool to modulate gut microbiota composition. 28954838 4 92 theme Fecal 1462:1466 arg1 abundances 1500:1509 Fecal Sharpea and Ruminococcus genera abundances 1462:1509 Fecal Sharpea and Ruminococcus genera abundances 1462:1509 Fecal Sharpea and Ruminococcus genera abundances increased (P < 0.05) with HFB intake compared with LFB and LFW intakes. 28954838 1 93 theme hull-less 648:656 arg1 HFA 666:668 HFA 666:668 HFA 666:668 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 1 93 theme hull-less 648:656 arg1 barley 658:663 high-amylose hull-less barley 635:663 high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA) 635:669 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 7 94 from profiles 2107:2114 arg1 pigs 2119:2122 pigs 2119:2122 pigs 2119:2122 Thus, digesta substrate flow is important to shape gut microbial profiles in pigs, which indicates that the manipulation of substrate flow should be considered as a tool to modulate gut microbiota composition. 28954838 6 95 theme Firmicutes 1738:1747 arg1 abundance 1749:1757 fecal Firmicutes abundance 1732:1757 fecal Firmicutes abundance 1732:1757 Ileal starch flow and fecal Firmicutes abundance were positively correlated and determined by using principal components analysis.Conclusions: Increasing dietary fermentable fiber from whole grains can increase ileal substrate flow and hindgut substrate availability, shifting the fecal microbiota toward Firmicutes phylum members. 28954838 0 96 from Flow 56:59 arg1 Hindgut 107:113 the Hindgut 103:113 the Hindgut 103:113 Whole-Grain Starch and Fiber Composition Modifies Ileal Flow of Nutrients and Nutrient Availability in the Hindgut, Shifting Fecal Microbial Profiles in Pigs. 28954838 1 97 theme red 796:798 arg1 -were 818:822 hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were 791:822 gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square 301:942 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 2 98 theme RNA 1029:1031 arg1 sequencing.Results 1038:1055 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.Results 1015:1055 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.Results 1015:1055 Digesta were analyzed for nutrient flow and microbial composition via 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.Results: The consumption of fermentable whole grains, HFB, and HFA increased (P < 0.05) ileal starch flow by 69% and dry matter flow by 37% compared with LFB and LFW intakes. 28954838 6 99 theme principal 1810:1818 arg1 analysis.Conclusions 1831:1850 principal components analysis.Conclusions 1810:1850 principal components analysis.Conclusions 1810:1850 Ileal starch flow and fecal Firmicutes abundance were positively correlated and determined by using principal components analysis.Conclusions: Increasing dietary fermentable fiber from whole grains can increase ileal substrate flow and hindgut substrate availability, shifting the fecal microbiota toward Firmicutes phylum members. 28954838 1 100 theme wheat 807:811 arg1 -were 818:822 hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were 791:822 gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square 301:942 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 6 101 theme fecal 1991:1995 arg1 microbiota 1997:2006 the fecal microbiota 1987:2006 the fecal microbiota 1987:2006 Ileal starch flow and fecal Firmicutes abundance were positively correlated and determined by using principal components analysis.Conclusions: Increasing dietary fermentable fiber from whole grains can increase ileal substrate flow and hindgut substrate availability, shifting the fecal microbiota toward Firmicutes phylum members. 28954838 2 102 theme 16S 1015:1017 arg1 RNA 1029:1031 16S ribosomal RNA 1015:1031 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.Results 1015:1055 Digesta were analyzed for nutrient flow and microbial composition via 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.Results: The consumption of fermentable whole grains, HFB, and HFA increased (P < 0.05) ileal starch flow by 69% and dry matter flow by 37% compared with LFB and LFW intakes. 28954838 1 103 theme high-β-glucan 573:585 arg1 HFB 605:607 high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability 573:632 high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability 573:632 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 1 104 theme whole-grain 377:387 arg1 composition 407:417 whole-grain fermentable fiber composition 377:417 whole-grain fermentable fiber composition 377:417 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 7 105 theme digesta 2048:2054 arg1 flow 2066:2069 digesta substrate flow 2048:2069 digesta substrate flow 2048:2069 Thus, digesta substrate flow is important to shape gut microbial profiles in pigs, which indicates that the manipulation of substrate flow should be considered as a tool to modulate gut microbiota composition. 28954838 1 106 theme LFW 814:816 arg1 -were 818:822 hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were 791:822 gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square 301:942 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 1 107 theme barley 597:602 arg1 HFB 605:607 high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability 573:632 high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability 573:632 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 0 108 theme Fiber 23:27 arg1 Composition 29:39 Fiber Composition 23:39 Fiber Composition 23:39 Whole-Grain Starch and Fiber Composition Modifies Ileal Flow of Nutrients and Nutrient Availability in the Hindgut, Shifting Fecal Microbial Profiles in Pigs. 28954838 6 109 theme fecal 1732:1736 arg1 abundance 1749:1757 fecal Firmicutes abundance 1732:1757 fecal Firmicutes abundance 1732:1757 Ileal starch flow and fecal Firmicutes abundance were positively correlated and determined by using principal components analysis.Conclusions: Increasing dietary fermentable fiber from whole grains can increase ileal substrate flow and hindgut substrate availability, shifting the fecal microbiota toward Firmicutes phylum members. 28954838 3 110 theme P 1365:1365 arg1 < 1367:1367 P < 0.05 1365:1372 P < 0.05 1365:1372 The consumption of HFB and HFA increased (P < 0.05) fecal Firmicutes phylum abundance by 26% and 21% compared with LFB intake and increased (P < 0.05) fecal Dialister genus abundance, on average, by 98% compared with LFB and LFW intakes. 28954838 6 111 theme Ileal 1710:1714 arg1 flow 1723:1726 Ileal starch flow 1710:1726 Ileal starch flow 1710:1726 Ileal starch flow and fecal Firmicutes abundance were positively correlated and determined by using principal components analysis.Conclusions: Increasing dietary fermentable fiber from whole grains can increase ileal substrate flow and hindgut substrate availability, shifting the fecal microbiota toward Firmicutes phylum members. 28954838 1 112 dep barley 709:714 arg1 3 672:672 3 672:672 3 672:672 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 3 113 theme genus 1391:1395 arg1 abundance 1397:1405 fecal Dialister genus abundance 1375:1405 fecal Dialister genus abundance 1375:1405 The consumption of HFB and HFA increased (P < 0.05) fecal Firmicutes phylum abundance by 26% and 21% compared with LFB intake and increased (P < 0.05) fecal Dialister genus abundance, on average, by 98% compared with LFB and LFW intakes. 28954838 4 114 theme P 1522:1522 arg1 < 1524:1524 P < 0.05 1522:1529 P < 0.05 1522:1529 Fecal Sharpea and Ruminococcus genera abundances increased (P < 0.05) with HFB intake compared with LFB and LFW intakes. 28954838 2 115 theme nutrient 971:978 arg1 flow 980:983 nutrient flow 971:983 nutrient flow 971:983 Digesta were analyzed for nutrient flow and microbial composition via 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.Results: The consumption of fermentable whole grains, HFB, and HFA increased (P < 0.05) ileal starch flow by 69% and dry matter flow by 37% compared with LFB and LFW intakes. 28954838 1 116 theme gut 301:303 arg1 composition.Objective 316:336 gut microbiota composition.Objective 301:336 gut microbiota composition.Objective 301:336 Background: Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition.Objective: This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs.Methods: Five whole grains-1) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or 5) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. 28954838 3 117 theme fecal 1375:1379 arg1 abundance 1397:1405 fecal Dialister genus abundance 1375:1405 fecal Dialister genus abundance 1375:1405 The consumption of HFB and HFA increased (P < 0.05) fecal Firmicutes phylum abundance by 26% and 21% compared with LFB intake and increased (P < 0.05) fecal Dialister genus abundance, on average, by 98% compared with LFB and LFW intakes. 28954838 6 118 theme fermentable 1872:1882 arg1 fiber 1884:1888 Increasing dietary fermentable fiber 1853:1888 Increasing dietary fermentable fiber from whole grains 1853:1906 Ileal starch flow and fecal Firmicutes abundance were positively correlated and determined by using principal components analysis.Conclusions: Increasing dietary fermentable fiber from whole grains can increase ileal substrate flow and hindgut substrate availability, shifting the fecal microbiota toward Firmicutes phylum members. 28954838 7 119 theme substrate 2166:2174 arg1 flow 2176:2179 substrate flow 2166:2179 substrate flow 2166:2179 Thus, digesta substrate flow is important to shape gut microbial profiles in pigs, which indicates that the manipulation of substrate flow should be considered as a tool to modulate gut microbiota composition. 28954838 4 120 theme genera 1493:1498 arg1 abundances 1500:1509 Fecal Sharpea and Ruminococcus genera abundances 1462:1509 Fecal Sharpea and Ruminococcus genera abundances 1462:1509 Fecal Sharpea and Ruminococcus genera abundances increased (P < 0.05) with HFB intake compared with LFB and LFW intakes. 28954838 5 121 theme LFB 1615:1617 arg1 consumption 1600:1610 the consumption 1596:1610 the consumption of LFB 1596:1617 In contrast, the consumption of LFB increased (P < 0.05) fecal Bacteroidetes phylum abundance by 43% compared with MFB intake. 28954838 3 122 theme fecal 1276:1280 arg1 abundance 1300:1308 (P < 0.05) fecal Firmicutes phylum abundance 1265:1308 (P < 0.05) fecal Firmicutes phylum abundance 1265:1308 The consumption of HFB and HFA increased (P < 0.05) fecal Firmicutes phylum abundance by 26% and 21% compared with LFB intake and increased (P < 0.05) fecal Dialister genus abundance, on average, by 98% compared with LFB and LFW intakes. 26851087 7 0 theme parameter 1945:1953 arg1 determination 1888:1900 determination 1888:1900 determination of the drug-CD primary interaction kinetic parameter, especially, kd,app 1888:1973 In summary, the high-throughput HPAC-MS/MS approach has been demonstrated high efficiency in determination of the drug-CD primary interaction kinetic parameter, especially, kd,app, being proven as a novel tool in screening the right CD for the solubilization of the right drug. 26851087 5 1 theme peak 1497:1500 arg1 method 1510:1515 the peak fitting method 1493:1515 the peak fitting method 1493:1515 Comprehensive quantification of ka,app, kd,app and Ka values was further performed based on the measurement of kd,app by peak profiling method and Ka by the peak fitting method. 26851087 1 2 theme affinity 277:284 arg1 HPAC 302:305 HPAC 302:305 HPAC 302:305 The individual determination of the apparent dissociation rate constant (kd,app) using high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) is a tedious process requiring numerous separate tests and massive data fitting, unable to provide the apparent association rate constant (ka) and equilibrium binding constant (Ka). 26851087 1 2 theme affinity 277:284 arg1 chromatography 286:299 high performance affinity chromatography 260:299 high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) 260:306 The individual determination of the apparent dissociation rate constant (kd,app) using high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) is a tedious process requiring numerous separate tests and massive data fitting, unable to provide the apparent association rate constant (ka) and equilibrium binding constant (Ka). 26851087 7 3 theme interaction 1925:1935 arg1 app 1971:1973 app 1971:1973 app 1971:1973 In summary, the high-throughput HPAC-MS/MS approach has been demonstrated high efficiency in determination of the drug-CD primary interaction kinetic parameter, especially, kd,app, being proven as a novel tool in screening the right CD for the solubilization of the right drug. 26851087 7 3 theme interaction 1925:1935 arg1 kd 1968:1969 kd 1968:1969 kd 1968:1969 In summary, the high-throughput HPAC-MS/MS approach has been demonstrated high efficiency in determination of the drug-CD primary interaction kinetic parameter, especially, kd,app, being proven as a novel tool in screening the right CD for the solubilization of the right drug. 26851087 7 3 theme interaction 1925:1935 arg1 parameter 1945:1953 the drug-CD primary interaction kinetic parameter 1905:1953 the drug-CD primary interaction kinetic parameter 1905:1953 In summary, the high-throughput HPAC-MS/MS approach has been demonstrated high efficiency in determination of the drug-CD primary interaction kinetic parameter, especially, kd,app, being proven as a novel tool in screening the right CD for the solubilization of the right drug. 26851087 5 4 theme profiling 1466:1474 arg1 method 1476:1481 peak profiling method 1461:1481 peak profiling method 1461:1481 Comprehensive quantification of ka,app, kd,app and Ka values was further performed based on the measurement of kd,app by peak profiling method and Ka by the peak fitting method. 26851087 7 5 theme drug-CD 1909:1915 arg1 app 1971:1973 app 1971:1973 app 1971:1973 In summary, the high-throughput HPAC-MS/MS approach has been demonstrated high efficiency in determination of the drug-CD primary interaction kinetic parameter, especially, kd,app, being proven as a novel tool in screening the right CD for the solubilization of the right drug. 26851087 7 5 theme drug-CD 1909:1915 arg1 kd 1968:1969 kd 1968:1969 kd 1968:1969 In summary, the high-throughput HPAC-MS/MS approach has been demonstrated high efficiency in determination of the drug-CD primary interaction kinetic parameter, especially, kd,app, being proven as a novel tool in screening the right CD for the solubilization of the right drug. 26851087 7 5 theme drug-CD 1909:1915 arg1 parameter 1945:1953 the drug-CD primary interaction kinetic parameter 1905:1953 the drug-CD primary interaction kinetic parameter 1905:1953 In summary, the high-throughput HPAC-MS/MS approach has been demonstrated high efficiency in determination of the drug-CD primary interaction kinetic parameter, especially, kd,app, being proven as a novel tool in screening the right CD for the solubilization of the right drug. 26851087 4 6 theme correlation 1267:1277 arg1 coefficient 1279:1289 the correlation coefficient 1263:1289 the correlation coefficient of 0.987 and the significance F less than 0.001 1263:1337 For twenty drugs with diverse structures and chemical properties, good correlationship was found between kd,app measured by single compound analysis method and high-throughput HPAC-MS/MS approach, with the correlation coefficient of 0.987 and the significance F less than 0.001. 26851087 1 7 theme binding 467:473 arg1 constant 475:482 equilibrium binding constant 455:482 equilibrium binding constant (Ka) 455:487 The individual determination of the apparent dissociation rate constant (kd,app) using high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) is a tedious process requiring numerous separate tests and massive data fitting, unable to provide the apparent association rate constant (ka) and equilibrium binding constant (Ka). 26851087 1 7 theme binding 467:473 arg1 Ka 485:486 Ka 485:486 Ka 485:486 The individual determination of the apparent dissociation rate constant (kd,app) using high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) is a tedious process requiring numerous separate tests and massive data fitting, unable to provide the apparent association rate constant (ka) and equilibrium binding constant (Ka). 26851087 1 8 theme apparent 209:216 arg1 constant 236:243 the apparent dissociation rate constant 205:243 the apparent dissociation rate constant (kd,app) using high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) 205:306 The individual determination of the apparent dissociation rate constant (kd,app) using high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) is a tedious process requiring numerous separate tests and massive data fitting, unable to provide the apparent association rate constant (ka) and equilibrium binding constant (Ka). 26851087 6 9 dep also 1742:1745 arg1 dependent 1747:1755 dependent 1747:1755 dependent 1747:1755 And the investigation of the drug-CD interaction kinetics under different conditions indicated that the column temperature and mobile phase composition significantly affected the determination of ka,app, kd,app and Ka while also dependent on the acidity and basicity of drugs. 26851087 2 10 theme high-throughput 712:726 arg1 yield 728:732 high-throughput yield 712:732 high-throughput yield 712:732 In this study, a HPAC with mass spectrometry detection (HPAC-MS/MS) was employed to determine the drug-cyclodextrin (CD) interaction kinetics with low sample loading quantity (<10 ng per injection for single compound) and high-throughput yield as twenty drugs determined in one injection. 26851087 5 11 theme ka 1372:1373 arg1 quantification 1354:1367 Comprehensive quantification 1340:1367 Comprehensive quantification of ka,app, kd,app and Ka values 1340:1399 Comprehensive quantification of ka,app, kd,app and Ka values was further performed based on the measurement of kd,app by peak profiling method and Ka by the peak fitting method. 26851087 1 12 theme rate 231:234 arg1 constant 236:243 the apparent dissociation rate constant 205:243 the apparent dissociation rate constant (kd,app) using high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) 205:306 The individual determination of the apparent dissociation rate constant (kd,app) using high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) is a tedious process requiring numerous separate tests and massive data fitting, unable to provide the apparent association rate constant (ka) and equilibrium binding constant (Ka). 26851087 0 13 theme mass 144:147 arg1 detection 162:170 mass spectrometry detection 144:170 mass spectrometry detection 144:170 Simultaneous high-throughput determination of interaction kinetics for drugs and cyclodextrins by high performance affinity chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. 26851087 7 14 theme high 1869:1872 arg1 efficiency 1874:1883 high efficiency 1869:1883 high efficiency 1869:1883 In summary, the high-throughput HPAC-MS/MS approach has been demonstrated high efficiency in determination of the drug-CD primary interaction kinetic parameter, especially, kd,app, being proven as a novel tool in screening the right CD for the solubilization of the right drug. 26851087 2 15 theme mass 517:520 arg1 spectrometry 522:533 mass spectrometry 517:533 mass spectrometry detection (HPAC-MS/MS) 517:556 In this study, a HPAC with mass spectrometry detection (HPAC-MS/MS) was employed to determine the drug-cyclodextrin (CD) interaction kinetics with low sample loading quantity (<10 ng per injection for single compound) and high-throughput yield as twenty drugs determined in one injection. 26851087 7 16 theme novel 1994:1998 arg1 tool 2000:2003 a novel tool 1992:2003 a novel tool in screening the right CD for the solubilization of the right drug 1992:2070 In summary, the high-throughput HPAC-MS/MS approach has been demonstrated high efficiency in determination of the drug-CD primary interaction kinetic parameter, especially, kd,app, being proven as a novel tool in screening the right CD for the solubilization of the right drug. 26851087 4 17 theme significance 1308:1319 arg1 F 1321:1321 the significance F 1304:1321 the significance F less than 0.001 1304:1337 For twenty drugs with diverse structures and chemical properties, good correlationship was found between kd,app measured by single compound analysis method and high-throughput HPAC-MS/MS approach, with the correlation coefficient of 0.987 and the significance F less than 0.001. 26851087 6 18 theme different 1582:1590 arg1 conditions 1592:1601 different conditions 1582:1601 different conditions 1582:1601 And the investigation of the drug-CD interaction kinetics under different conditions indicated that the column temperature and mobile phase composition significantly affected the determination of ka,app, kd,app and Ka while also dependent on the acidity and basicity of drugs. 26851087 4 19 theme less 1323:1326 arg1 F 1321:1321 the significance F 1304:1321 the significance F less than 0.001 1304:1337 For twenty drugs with diverse structures and chemical properties, good correlationship was found between kd,app measured by single compound analysis method and high-throughput HPAC-MS/MS approach, with the correlation coefficient of 0.987 and the significance F less than 0.001. 26851087 1 20 theme association 420:430 arg1 ka 447:448 ka 447:448 ka 447:448 The individual determination of the apparent dissociation rate constant (kd,app) using high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) is a tedious process requiring numerous separate tests and massive data fitting, unable to provide the apparent association rate constant (ka) and equilibrium binding constant (Ka). 26851087 1 20 theme association 420:430 arg1 constant 437:444 the apparent association rate constant 407:444 the apparent association rate constant (ka) 407:449 The individual determination of the apparent dissociation rate constant (kd,app) using high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) is a tedious process requiring numerous separate tests and massive data fitting, unable to provide the apparent association rate constant (ka) and equilibrium binding constant (Ka). 26851087 6 21 theme kinetics 1567:1574 arg1 investigation 1526:1538 the investigation 1522:1538 the investigation of the drug-CD interaction kinetics under different conditions 1522:1601 And the investigation of the drug-CD interaction kinetics under different conditions indicated that the column temperature and mobile phase composition significantly affected the determination of ka,app, kd,app and Ka while also dependent on the acidity and basicity of drugs. 26851087 4 22 theme good 1127:1130 arg1 correlationship 1132:1146 good correlationship 1127:1146 good correlationship 1127:1146 For twenty drugs with diverse structures and chemical properties, good correlationship was found between kd,app measured by single compound analysis method and high-throughput HPAC-MS/MS approach, with the correlation coefficient of 0.987 and the significance F less than 0.001. 26851087 3 23 with s 881:881 arg1 app 955:957 app 955:957 app for acetaminophen consistent with that from the HPAC method with UV detector in our previous studies 955:1058 The kd,app measured by HPAC-MS/MS approach were 0.89 ± 0.07, 4.34 ± 0.01, 1.48 ± 0.01 and 7.77 ± 0.04 s(-1) for ketoprofen, trimethoprim, indapamide and acetaminophen, with kd,app for acetaminophen consistent with that from the HPAC method with UV detector in our previous studies. 26851087 3 23 with s 881:881 arg1 kd 952:953 kd 952:953 kd 952:953 The kd,app measured by HPAC-MS/MS approach were 0.89 ± 0.07, 4.34 ± 0.01, 1.48 ± 0.01 and 7.77 ± 0.04 s(-1) for ketoprofen, trimethoprim, indapamide and acetaminophen, with kd,app for acetaminophen consistent with that from the HPAC method with UV detector in our previous studies. 26851087 3 24 theme HPAC-MS/MS 802:811 arg1 approach 813:820 HPAC-MS/MS approach 802:820 HPAC-MS/MS approach 802:820 The kd,app measured by HPAC-MS/MS approach were 0.89 ± 0.07, 4.34 ± 0.01, 1.48 ± 0.01 and 7.77 ± 0.04 s(-1) for ketoprofen, trimethoprim, indapamide and acetaminophen, with kd,app for acetaminophen consistent with that from the HPAC method with UV detector in our previous studies. 26851087 6 25 theme drug-CD 1547:1553 arg1 kinetics 1567:1574 the drug-CD interaction kinetics 1543:1574 the drug-CD interaction kinetics under different conditions 1543:1601 And the investigation of the drug-CD interaction kinetics under different conditions indicated that the column temperature and mobile phase composition significantly affected the determination of ka,app, kd,app and Ka while also dependent on the acidity and basicity of drugs. 26851087 4 26 theme diverse 1083:1089 arg1 structures 1091:1100 diverse structures 1083:1100 diverse structures 1083:1100 For twenty drugs with diverse structures and chemical properties, good correlationship was found between kd,app measured by single compound analysis method and high-throughput HPAC-MS/MS approach, with the correlation coefficient of 0.987 and the significance F less than 0.001. 26851087 1 27 theme separate 348:355 arg1 tests 357:361 numerous separate tests 339:361 numerous separate tests 339:361 The individual determination of the apparent dissociation rate constant (kd,app) using high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) is a tedious process requiring numerous separate tests and massive data fitting, unable to provide the apparent association rate constant (ka) and equilibrium binding constant (Ka). 26851087 1 28 theme individual 177:186 arg1 process 321:327 a tedious process 311:327 a tedious process requiring numerous separate tests and massive data fitting 311:386 The individual determination of the apparent dissociation rate constant (kd,app) using high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) is a tedious process requiring numerous separate tests and massive data fitting, unable to provide the apparent association rate constant (ka) and equilibrium binding constant (Ka). 26851087 1 28 theme individual 177:186 arg1 determination 188:200 The individual determination 173:200 The individual determination of the apparent dissociation rate constant (kd,app) using high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) 173:306 The individual determination of the apparent dissociation rate constant (kd,app) using high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) is a tedious process requiring numerous separate tests and massive data fitting, unable to provide the apparent association rate constant (ka) and equilibrium binding constant (Ka). 26851087 1 28 theme individual 177:186 arg1 unable 389:394 unable 389:394 unable 389:394 The individual determination of the apparent dissociation rate constant (kd,app) using high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) is a tedious process requiring numerous separate tests and massive data fitting, unable to provide the apparent association rate constant (ka) and equilibrium binding constant (Ka). 26851087 2 29 theme single 691:696 arg1 compound 698:705 single compound 691:705 single compound 691:705 In this study, a HPAC with mass spectrometry detection (HPAC-MS/MS) was employed to determine the drug-cyclodextrin (CD) interaction kinetics with low sample loading quantity (<10 ng per injection for single compound) and high-throughput yield as twenty drugs determined in one injection. 26851087 6 30 theme mobile 1645:1650 arg1 composition 1658:1668 mobile phase composition 1645:1668 mobile phase composition 1645:1668 And the investigation of the drug-CD interaction kinetics under different conditions indicated that the column temperature and mobile phase composition significantly affected the determination of ka,app, kd,app and Ka while also dependent on the acidity and basicity of drugs. 26851087 0 31 theme performance 103:113 arg1 chromatography 124:137 high performance affinity chromatography 98:137 high performance affinity chromatography with mass spectrometry detection 98:170 Simultaneous high-throughput determination of interaction kinetics for drugs and cyclodextrins by high performance affinity chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. 26851087 7 32 theme HPAC-MS/MS 1827:1836 arg1 approach 1838:1845 the high-throughput HPAC-MS/MS approach 1807:1845 the high-throughput HPAC-MS/MS approach 1807:1845 In summary, the high-throughput HPAC-MS/MS approach has been demonstrated high efficiency in determination of the drug-CD primary interaction kinetic parameter, especially, kd,app, being proven as a novel tool in screening the right CD for the solubilization of the right drug. 26851087 2 33 theme interaction 611:621 arg1 kinetics 623:630 the drug-cyclodextrin (CD) interaction kinetics 584:630 the drug-cyclodextrin (CD) interaction kinetics with low sample loading quantity (<10 ng per injection for single compound) and high-throughput yield 584:732 In this study, a HPAC with mass spectrometry detection (HPAC-MS/MS) was employed to determine the drug-cyclodextrin (CD) interaction kinetics with low sample loading quantity (<10 ng per injection for single compound) and high-throughput yield as twenty drugs determined in one injection. 26851087 2 33 theme interaction 611:621 arg1 drugs 744:748 twenty drugs 737:748 twenty drugs determined in one injection 737:776 In this study, a HPAC with mass spectrometry detection (HPAC-MS/MS) was employed to determine the drug-cyclodextrin (CD) interaction kinetics with low sample loading quantity (<10 ng per injection for single compound) and high-throughput yield as twenty drugs determined in one injection. 26851087 5 34 theme Ka 1391:1392 arg1 ka 1372:1373 ka 1372:1373 ka 1372:1373 Comprehensive quantification of ka,app, kd,app and Ka values was further performed based on the measurement of kd,app by peak profiling method and Ka by the peak fitting method. 26851087 5 34 theme Ka 1391:1392 arg1 values 1394:1399 Ka values 1391:1399 Ka values 1391:1399 Comprehensive quantification of ka,app, kd,app and Ka values was further performed based on the measurement of kd,app by peak profiling method and Ka by the peak fitting method. 26851087 0 35 theme Simultaneous 0:11 arg1 determination 29:41 Simultaneous high-throughput determination 0:41 Simultaneous high-throughput determination of interaction kinetics for drugs and cyclodextrins by high performance affinity chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. 0:171 Simultaneous high-throughput determination of interaction kinetics for drugs and cyclodextrins by high performance affinity chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. 26851087 3 36 theme UV 1024:1025 arg1 detector 1027:1034 UV detector 1024:1034 UV detector in our previous studies 1024:1058 The kd,app measured by HPAC-MS/MS approach were 0.89 ± 0.07, 4.34 ± 0.01, 1.48 ± 0.01 and 7.77 ± 0.04 s(-1) for ketoprofen, trimethoprim, indapamide and acetaminophen, with kd,app for acetaminophen consistent with that from the HPAC method with UV detector in our previous studies. 26851087 2 37 with HPAC 507:510 arg1 HPAC-MS/MS 546:555 HPAC-MS/MS 546:555 HPAC-MS/MS 546:555 In this study, a HPAC with mass spectrometry detection (HPAC-MS/MS) was employed to determine the drug-cyclodextrin (CD) interaction kinetics with low sample loading quantity (<10 ng per injection for single compound) and high-throughput yield as twenty drugs determined in one injection. 26851087 2 37 with HPAC 507:510 arg1 detection 535:543 mass spectrometry detection 517:543 mass spectrometry detection (HPAC-MS/MS) 517:556 In this study, a HPAC with mass spectrometry detection (HPAC-MS/MS) was employed to determine the drug-cyclodextrin (CD) interaction kinetics with low sample loading quantity (<10 ng per injection for single compound) and high-throughput yield as twenty drugs determined in one injection. 26851087 5 38 theme kd 1451:1452 arg1 measurement 1436:1446 the measurement 1432:1446 the measurement of kd,app by peak profiling method and Ka by the peak fitting method 1432:1515 Comprehensive quantification of ka,app, kd,app and Ka values was further performed based on the measurement of kd,app by peak profiling method and Ka by the peak fitting method. 26851087 2 39 theme sample 641:646 arg1 loading 648:654 low sample loading 637:654 low sample loading quantity (<10 ng per injection for single compound) 637:706 In this study, a HPAC with mass spectrometry detection (HPAC-MS/MS) was employed to determine the drug-cyclodextrin (CD) interaction kinetics with low sample loading quantity (<10 ng per injection for single compound) and high-throughput yield as twenty drugs determined in one injection. 26851087 4 40 with drugs 1072:1076 arg1 structures 1091:1100 diverse structures 1083:1100 diverse structures 1083:1100 For twenty drugs with diverse structures and chemical properties, good correlationship was found between kd,app measured by single compound analysis method and high-throughput HPAC-MS/MS approach, with the correlation coefficient of 0.987 and the significance F less than 0.001. 26851087 4 40 with drugs 1072:1076 arg1 properties 1115:1124 chemical properties 1106:1124 chemical properties 1106:1124 For twenty drugs with diverse structures and chemical properties, good correlationship was found between kd,app measured by single compound analysis method and high-throughput HPAC-MS/MS approach, with the correlation coefficient of 0.987 and the significance F less than 0.001. 26851087 6 41 theme ka 1714:1715 arg1 determination 1697:1709 the determination 1693:1709 the determination of ka,app, kd,app and Ka while also dependent on the acidity and basicity of drugs 1693:1792 And the investigation of the drug-CD interaction kinetics under different conditions indicated that the column temperature and mobile phase composition significantly affected the determination of ka,app, kd,app and Ka while also dependent on the acidity and basicity of drugs. 26851087 0 42 theme interaction 46:56 arg1 kinetics 58:65 interaction kinetics 46:65 interaction kinetics 46:65 Simultaneous high-throughput determination of interaction kinetics for drugs and cyclodextrins by high performance affinity chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. 26851087 1 43 theme tedious 313:319 arg1 process 321:327 a tedious process 311:327 a tedious process requiring numerous separate tests and massive data fitting 311:386 The individual determination of the apparent dissociation rate constant (kd,app) using high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) is a tedious process requiring numerous separate tests and massive data fitting, unable to provide the apparent association rate constant (ka) and equilibrium binding constant (Ka). 26851087 1 43 theme tedious 313:319 arg1 determination 188:200 The individual determination 173:200 The individual determination of the apparent dissociation rate constant (kd,app) using high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) 173:306 The individual determination of the apparent dissociation rate constant (kd,app) using high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) is a tedious process requiring numerous separate tests and massive data fitting, unable to provide the apparent association rate constant (ka) and equilibrium binding constant (Ka). 26851087 1 43 theme tedious 313:319 arg1 unable 389:394 unable 389:394 unable 389:394 The individual determination of the apparent dissociation rate constant (kd,app) using high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) is a tedious process requiring numerous separate tests and massive data fitting, unable to provide the apparent association rate constant (ka) and equilibrium binding constant (Ka). 26851087 3 44 theme previous 1043:1050 arg1 studies 1052:1058 our previous studies 1039:1058 our previous studies 1039:1058 The kd,app measured by HPAC-MS/MS approach were 0.89 ± 0.07, 4.34 ± 0.01, 1.48 ± 0.01 and 7.77 ± 0.04 s(-1) for ketoprofen, trimethoprim, indapamide and acetaminophen, with kd,app for acetaminophen consistent with that from the HPAC method with UV detector in our previous studies. 26851087 1 45 dep unable 389:394 arg1 process 321:327 a tedious process 311:327 a tedious process requiring numerous separate tests and massive data fitting 311:386 The individual determination of the apparent dissociation rate constant (kd,app) using high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) is a tedious process requiring numerous separate tests and massive data fitting, unable to provide the apparent association rate constant (ka) and equilibrium binding constant (Ka). 26851087 1 45 dep unable 389:394 arg1 determination 188:200 The individual determination 173:200 The individual determination of the apparent dissociation rate constant (kd,app) using high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) 173:306 The individual determination of the apparent dissociation rate constant (kd,app) using high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) is a tedious process requiring numerous separate tests and massive data fitting, unable to provide the apparent association rate constant (ka) and equilibrium binding constant (Ka). 26851087 1 45 dep unable 389:394 arg1 unable 389:394 unable 389:394 unable 389:394 The individual determination of the apparent dissociation rate constant (kd,app) using high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) is a tedious process requiring numerous separate tests and massive data fitting, unable to provide the apparent association rate constant (ka) and equilibrium binding constant (Ka). 26851087 4 46 theme HPAC-MS/MS 1237:1246 arg1 approach 1248:1255 high-throughput HPAC-MS/MS approach 1221:1255 high-throughput HPAC-MS/MS approach 1221:1255 For twenty drugs with diverse structures and chemical properties, good correlationship was found between kd,app measured by single compound analysis method and high-throughput HPAC-MS/MS approach, with the correlation coefficient of 0.987 and the significance F less than 0.001. 26851087 7 47 theme right 2061:2065 arg1 drug 2067:2070 the right drug 2057:2070 the right drug 2057:2070 In summary, the high-throughput HPAC-MS/MS approach has been demonstrated high efficiency in determination of the drug-CD primary interaction kinetic parameter, especially, kd,app, being proven as a novel tool in screening the right CD for the solubilization of the right drug. 26851087 4 48 theme single 1185:1190 arg1 method 1210:1215 single compound analysis method 1185:1215 single compound analysis method 1185:1215 For twenty drugs with diverse structures and chemical properties, good correlationship was found between kd,app measured by single compound analysis method and high-throughput HPAC-MS/MS approach, with the correlation coefficient of 0.987 and the significance F less than 0.001. 26851087 5 49 theme Comprehensive 1340:1352 arg1 quantification 1354:1367 Comprehensive quantification 1340:1367 Comprehensive quantification of ka,app, kd,app and Ka values 1340:1399 Comprehensive quantification of ka,app, kd,app and Ka values was further performed based on the measurement of kd,app by peak profiling method and Ka by the peak fitting method. 26851087 4 50 theme analysis 1201:1208 arg1 method 1210:1215 single compound analysis method 1185:1215 single compound analysis method 1185:1215 For twenty drugs with diverse structures and chemical properties, good correlationship was found between kd,app measured by single compound analysis method and high-throughput HPAC-MS/MS approach, with the correlation coefficient of 0.987 and the significance F less than 0.001. 26851087 1 51 dep constant 236:243 arg1 app 249:251 app 249:251 app 249:251 The individual determination of the apparent dissociation rate constant (kd,app) using high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) is a tedious process requiring numerous separate tests and massive data fitting, unable to provide the apparent association rate constant (ka) and equilibrium binding constant (Ka). 26851087 1 51 dep constant 236:243 arg1 kd 246:247 kd 246:247 kd 246:247 The individual determination of the apparent dissociation rate constant (kd,app) using high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) is a tedious process requiring numerous separate tests and massive data fitting, unable to provide the apparent association rate constant (ka) and equilibrium binding constant (Ka). 26851087 3 52 dep consistent 977:986 arg1 acetaminophen 963:975 acetaminophen 963:975 acetaminophen 963:975 The kd,app measured by HPAC-MS/MS approach were 0.89 ± 0.07, 4.34 ± 0.01, 1.48 ± 0.01 and 7.77 ± 0.04 s(-1) for ketoprofen, trimethoprim, indapamide and acetaminophen, with kd,app for acetaminophen consistent with that from the HPAC method with UV detector in our previous studies. 26851087 1 53 theme performance 265:275 arg1 HPAC 302:305 HPAC 302:305 HPAC 302:305 The individual determination of the apparent dissociation rate constant (kd,app) using high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) is a tedious process requiring numerous separate tests and massive data fitting, unable to provide the apparent association rate constant (ka) and equilibrium binding constant (Ka). 26851087 1 53 theme performance 265:275 arg1 chromatography 286:299 high performance affinity chromatography 260:299 high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) 260:306 The individual determination of the apparent dissociation rate constant (kd,app) using high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) is a tedious process requiring numerous separate tests and massive data fitting, unable to provide the apparent association rate constant (ka) and equilibrium binding constant (Ka). 26851087 5 54 theme peak 1461:1464 arg1 method 1476:1481 peak profiling method 1461:1481 peak profiling method 1461:1481 Comprehensive quantification of ka,app, kd,app and Ka values was further performed based on the measurement of kd,app by peak profiling method and Ka by the peak fitting method. 26851087 4 55 theme 0.987 1294:1298 arg1 coefficient 1279:1289 the correlation coefficient 1263:1289 the correlation coefficient of 0.987 and the significance F less than 0.001 1263:1337 For twenty drugs with diverse structures and chemical properties, good correlationship was found between kd,app measured by single compound analysis method and high-throughput HPAC-MS/MS approach, with the correlation coefficient of 0.987 and the significance F less than 0.001. 26851087 7 56 theme kinetic 1937:1943 arg1 app 1971:1973 app 1971:1973 app 1971:1973 In summary, the high-throughput HPAC-MS/MS approach has been demonstrated high efficiency in determination of the drug-CD primary interaction kinetic parameter, especially, kd,app, being proven as a novel tool in screening the right CD for the solubilization of the right drug. 26851087 7 56 theme kinetic 1937:1943 arg1 kd 1968:1969 kd 1968:1969 kd 1968:1969 In summary, the high-throughput HPAC-MS/MS approach has been demonstrated high efficiency in determination of the drug-CD primary interaction kinetic parameter, especially, kd,app, being proven as a novel tool in screening the right CD for the solubilization of the right drug. 26851087 7 56 theme kinetic 1937:1943 arg1 parameter 1945:1953 the drug-CD primary interaction kinetic parameter 1905:1953 the drug-CD primary interaction kinetic parameter 1905:1953 In summary, the high-throughput HPAC-MS/MS approach has been demonstrated high efficiency in determination of the drug-CD primary interaction kinetic parameter, especially, kd,app, being proven as a novel tool in screening the right CD for the solubilization of the right drug. 26851087 1 57 theme equilibrium 455:465 arg1 constant 475:482 equilibrium binding constant 455:482 equilibrium binding constant (Ka) 455:487 The individual determination of the apparent dissociation rate constant (kd,app) using high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) is a tedious process requiring numerous separate tests and massive data fitting, unable to provide the apparent association rate constant (ka) and equilibrium binding constant (Ka). 26851087 1 57 theme equilibrium 455:465 arg1 Ka 485:486 Ka 485:486 Ka 485:486 The individual determination of the apparent dissociation rate constant (kd,app) using high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) is a tedious process requiring numerous separate tests and massive data fitting, unable to provide the apparent association rate constant (ka) and equilibrium binding constant (Ka). 26851087 7 58 theme primary 1917:1923 arg1 app 1971:1973 app 1971:1973 app 1971:1973 In summary, the high-throughput HPAC-MS/MS approach has been demonstrated high efficiency in determination of the drug-CD primary interaction kinetic parameter, especially, kd,app, being proven as a novel tool in screening the right CD for the solubilization of the right drug. 26851087 7 58 theme primary 1917:1923 arg1 kd 1968:1969 kd 1968:1969 kd 1968:1969 In summary, the high-throughput HPAC-MS/MS approach has been demonstrated high efficiency in determination of the drug-CD primary interaction kinetic parameter, especially, kd,app, being proven as a novel tool in screening the right CD for the solubilization of the right drug. 26851087 7 58 theme primary 1917:1923 arg1 parameter 1945:1953 the drug-CD primary interaction kinetic parameter 1905:1953 the drug-CD primary interaction kinetic parameter 1905:1953 In summary, the high-throughput HPAC-MS/MS approach has been demonstrated high efficiency in determination of the drug-CD primary interaction kinetic parameter, especially, kd,app, being proven as a novel tool in screening the right CD for the solubilization of the right drug. 26851087 2 59 theme CD 607:608 arg1 kinetics 623:630 the drug-cyclodextrin (CD) interaction kinetics 584:630 the drug-cyclodextrin (CD) interaction kinetics with low sample loading quantity (<10 ng per injection for single compound) and high-throughput yield 584:732 In this study, a HPAC with mass spectrometry detection (HPAC-MS/MS) was employed to determine the drug-cyclodextrin (CD) interaction kinetics with low sample loading quantity (<10 ng per injection for single compound) and high-throughput yield as twenty drugs determined in one injection. 26851087 2 59 theme CD 607:608 arg1 drugs 744:748 twenty drugs 737:748 twenty drugs determined in one injection 737:776 In this study, a HPAC with mass spectrometry detection (HPAC-MS/MS) was employed to determine the drug-cyclodextrin (CD) interaction kinetics with low sample loading quantity (<10 ng per injection for single compound) and high-throughput yield as twenty drugs determined in one injection. 26851087 6 60 dep acidity 1764:1770 arg1 the 1760:1762 the 1760:1762 the 1760:1762 And the investigation of the drug-CD interaction kinetics under different conditions indicated that the column temperature and mobile phase composition significantly affected the determination of ka,app, kd,app and Ka while also dependent on the acidity and basicity of drugs. 26851087 6 61 theme drugs 1788:1792 arg1 acidity 1764:1770 acidity 1764:1770 acidity 1764:1770 And the investigation of the drug-CD interaction kinetics under different conditions indicated that the column temperature and mobile phase composition significantly affected the determination of ka,app, kd,app and Ka while also dependent on the acidity and basicity of drugs. 26851087 6 61 theme drugs 1788:1792 arg1 basicity 1776:1783 basicity 1776:1783 basicity 1776:1783 And the investigation of the drug-CD interaction kinetics under different conditions indicated that the column temperature and mobile phase composition significantly affected the determination of ka,app, kd,app and Ka while also dependent on the acidity and basicity of drugs. 26851087 0 62 with chromatography 124:137 arg1 detection 162:170 mass spectrometry detection 144:170 mass spectrometry detection 144:170 Simultaneous high-throughput determination of interaction kinetics for drugs and cyclodextrins by high performance affinity chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. 26851087 1 63 theme dissociation 218:229 arg1 constant 236:243 the apparent dissociation rate constant 205:243 the apparent dissociation rate constant (kd,app) using high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) 205:306 The individual determination of the apparent dissociation rate constant (kd,app) using high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) is a tedious process requiring numerous separate tests and massive data fitting, unable to provide the apparent association rate constant (ka) and equilibrium binding constant (Ka). 26851087 2 64 theme drug-cyclodextrin 588:604 arg1 kinetics 623:630 the drug-cyclodextrin (CD) interaction kinetics 584:630 the drug-cyclodextrin (CD) interaction kinetics with low sample loading quantity (<10 ng per injection for single compound) and high-throughput yield 584:732 In this study, a HPAC with mass spectrometry detection (HPAC-MS/MS) was employed to determine the drug-cyclodextrin (CD) interaction kinetics with low sample loading quantity (<10 ng per injection for single compound) and high-throughput yield as twenty drugs determined in one injection. 26851087 2 64 theme drug-cyclodextrin 588:604 arg1 drugs 744:748 twenty drugs 737:748 twenty drugs determined in one injection 737:776 In this study, a HPAC with mass spectrometry detection (HPAC-MS/MS) was employed to determine the drug-cyclodextrin (CD) interaction kinetics with low sample loading quantity (<10 ng per injection for single compound) and high-throughput yield as twenty drugs determined in one injection. 26851087 7 65 theme right 2022:2026 arg1 CD 2028:2029 the right CD 2018:2029 the right CD 2018:2029 In summary, the high-throughput HPAC-MS/MS approach has been demonstrated high efficiency in determination of the drug-CD primary interaction kinetic parameter, especially, kd,app, being proven as a novel tool in screening the right CD for the solubilization of the right drug. 26851087 0 66 theme spectrometry 149:160 arg1 detection 162:170 mass spectrometry detection 144:170 mass spectrometry detection 144:170 Simultaneous high-throughput determination of interaction kinetics for drugs and cyclodextrins by high performance affinity chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. 26851087 1 67 theme constant 236:243 arg1 process 321:327 a tedious process 311:327 a tedious process requiring numerous separate tests and massive data fitting 311:386 The individual determination of the apparent dissociation rate constant (kd,app) using high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) is a tedious process requiring numerous separate tests and massive data fitting, unable to provide the apparent association rate constant (ka) and equilibrium binding constant (Ka). 26851087 1 67 theme constant 236:243 arg1 determination 188:200 The individual determination 173:200 The individual determination of the apparent dissociation rate constant (kd,app) using high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) 173:306 The individual determination of the apparent dissociation rate constant (kd,app) using high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) is a tedious process requiring numerous separate tests and massive data fitting, unable to provide the apparent association rate constant (ka) and equilibrium binding constant (Ka). 26851087 1 67 theme constant 236:243 arg1 unable 389:394 unable 389:394 unable 389:394 The individual determination of the apparent dissociation rate constant (kd,app) using high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) is a tedious process requiring numerous separate tests and massive data fitting, unable to provide the apparent association rate constant (ka) and equilibrium binding constant (Ka). 26851087 3 68 from detector 1027:1034 arg1 studies 1052:1058 our previous studies 1039:1058 our previous studies 1039:1058 The kd,app measured by HPAC-MS/MS approach were 0.89 ± 0.07, 4.34 ± 0.01, 1.48 ± 0.01 and 7.77 ± 0.04 s(-1) for ketoprofen, trimethoprim, indapamide and acetaminophen, with kd,app for acetaminophen consistent with that from the HPAC method with UV detector in our previous studies. 26851087 2 69 theme spectrometry 522:533 arg1 HPAC-MS/MS 546:555 HPAC-MS/MS 546:555 HPAC-MS/MS 546:555 In this study, a HPAC with mass spectrometry detection (HPAC-MS/MS) was employed to determine the drug-cyclodextrin (CD) interaction kinetics with low sample loading quantity (<10 ng per injection for single compound) and high-throughput yield as twenty drugs determined in one injection. 26851087 2 69 theme spectrometry 522:533 arg1 detection 535:543 mass spectrometry detection 517:543 mass spectrometry detection (HPAC-MS/MS) 517:556 In this study, a HPAC with mass spectrometry detection (HPAC-MS/MS) was employed to determine the drug-cyclodextrin (CD) interaction kinetics with low sample loading quantity (<10 ng per injection for single compound) and high-throughput yield as twenty drugs determined in one injection. 26851087 5 70 theme fitting 1502:1508 arg1 method 1510:1515 the peak fitting method 1493:1515 the peak fitting method 1493:1515 Comprehensive quantification of ka,app, kd,app and Ka values was further performed based on the measurement of kd,app by peak profiling method and Ka by the peak fitting method. 26851087 1 71 theme apparent 411:418 arg1 ka 447:448 ka 447:448 ka 447:448 The individual determination of the apparent dissociation rate constant (kd,app) using high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) is a tedious process requiring numerous separate tests and massive data fitting, unable to provide the apparent association rate constant (ka) and equilibrium binding constant (Ka). 26851087 1 71 theme apparent 411:418 arg1 constant 437:444 the apparent association rate constant 407:444 the apparent association rate constant (ka) 407:449 The individual determination of the apparent dissociation rate constant (kd,app) using high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) is a tedious process requiring numerous separate tests and massive data fitting, unable to provide the apparent association rate constant (ka) and equilibrium binding constant (Ka). 26851087 4 72 theme F 1321:1321 arg1 coefficient 1279:1289 the correlation coefficient 1263:1289 the correlation coefficient of 0.987 and the significance F less than 0.001 1263:1337 For twenty drugs with diverse structures and chemical properties, good correlationship was found between kd,app measured by single compound analysis method and high-throughput HPAC-MS/MS approach, with the correlation coefficient of 0.987 and the significance F less than 0.001. 26851087 1 73 theme rate 432:435 arg1 ka 447:448 ka 447:448 ka 447:448 The individual determination of the apparent dissociation rate constant (kd,app) using high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) is a tedious process requiring numerous separate tests and massive data fitting, unable to provide the apparent association rate constant (ka) and equilibrium binding constant (Ka). 26851087 1 73 theme rate 432:435 arg1 constant 437:444 the apparent association rate constant 407:444 the apparent association rate constant (ka) 407:449 The individual determination of the apparent dissociation rate constant (kd,app) using high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) is a tedious process requiring numerous separate tests and massive data fitting, unable to provide the apparent association rate constant (ka) and equilibrium binding constant (Ka). 26851087 6 74 theme interaction 1555:1565 arg1 kinetics 1567:1574 the drug-CD interaction kinetics 1543:1574 the drug-CD interaction kinetics under different conditions 1543:1601 And the investigation of the drug-CD interaction kinetics under different conditions indicated that the column temperature and mobile phase composition significantly affected the determination of ka,app, kd,app and Ka while also dependent on the acidity and basicity of drugs. 26851087 2 75 with kinetics 623:630 arg1 quantity 656:663 low sample loading quantity 637:663 low sample loading quantity (<10 ng per injection for single compound) 637:706 In this study, a HPAC with mass spectrometry detection (HPAC-MS/MS) was employed to determine the drug-cyclodextrin (CD) interaction kinetics with low sample loading quantity (<10 ng per injection for single compound) and high-throughput yield as twenty drugs determined in one injection. 26851087 2 75 with kinetics 623:630 arg1 yield 728:732 high-throughput yield 712:732 high-throughput yield 712:732 In this study, a HPAC with mass spectrometry detection (HPAC-MS/MS) was employed to determine the drug-cyclodextrin (CD) interaction kinetics with low sample loading quantity (<10 ng per injection for single compound) and high-throughput yield as twenty drugs determined in one injection. 26851087 2 76 dep quantity 656:663 arg1 <10 ng 666:671 <10 ng 666:671 <10 ng per injection for single compound 666:705 In this study, a HPAC with mass spectrometry detection (HPAC-MS/MS) was employed to determine the drug-cyclodextrin (CD) interaction kinetics with low sample loading quantity (<10 ng per injection for single compound) and high-throughput yield as twenty drugs determined in one injection. 26851087 4 77 theme chemical 1106:1113 arg1 properties 1115:1124 chemical properties 1106:1124 chemical properties 1106:1124 For twenty drugs with diverse structures and chemical properties, good correlationship was found between kd,app measured by single compound analysis method and high-throughput HPAC-MS/MS approach, with the correlation coefficient of 0.987 and the significance F less than 0.001. 26851087 0 78 theme high 98:101 arg1 chromatography 124:137 high performance affinity chromatography 98:137 high performance affinity chromatography with mass spectrometry detection 98:170 Simultaneous high-throughput determination of interaction kinetics for drugs and cyclodextrins by high performance affinity chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. 26851087 3 79 theme HPAC 1007:1010 arg1 method 1012:1017 the HPAC method 1003:1017 the HPAC method 1003:1017 The kd,app measured by HPAC-MS/MS approach were 0.89 ± 0.07, 4.34 ± 0.01, 1.48 ± 0.01 and 7.77 ± 0.04 s(-1) for ketoprofen, trimethoprim, indapamide and acetaminophen, with kd,app for acetaminophen consistent with that from the HPAC method with UV detector in our previous studies. 26851087 6 80 theme phase 1652:1656 arg1 composition 1658:1668 mobile phase composition 1645:1668 mobile phase composition 1645:1668 And the investigation of the drug-CD interaction kinetics under different conditions indicated that the column temperature and mobile phase composition significantly affected the determination of ka,app, kd,app and Ka while also dependent on the acidity and basicity of drugs. 26851087 2 81 theme low 637:639 arg1 loading 648:654 low sample loading 637:654 low sample loading quantity (<10 ng per injection for single compound) 637:706 In this study, a HPAC with mass spectrometry detection (HPAC-MS/MS) was employed to determine the drug-cyclodextrin (CD) interaction kinetics with low sample loading quantity (<10 ng per injection for single compound) and high-throughput yield as twenty drugs determined in one injection. 26851087 0 82 theme affinity 115:122 arg1 chromatography 124:137 high performance affinity chromatography 98:137 high performance affinity chromatography with mass spectrometry detection 98:170 Simultaneous high-throughput determination of interaction kinetics for drugs and cyclodextrins by high performance affinity chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. 26851087 1 83 theme massive 367:373 arg1 data 375:378 massive data 367:378 massive data fitting 367:386 The individual determination of the apparent dissociation rate constant (kd,app) using high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) is a tedious process requiring numerous separate tests and massive data fitting, unable to provide the apparent association rate constant (ka) and equilibrium binding constant (Ka). 26851087 7 84 theme high-throughput 1811:1825 arg1 approach 1838:1845 the high-throughput HPAC-MS/MS approach 1807:1845 the high-throughput HPAC-MS/MS approach 1807:1845 In summary, the high-throughput HPAC-MS/MS approach has been demonstrated high efficiency in determination of the drug-CD primary interaction kinetic parameter, especially, kd,app, being proven as a novel tool in screening the right CD for the solubilization of the right drug. 26851087 6 85 theme column 1622:1627 arg1 temperature 1629:1639 the column temperature 1618:1639 the column temperature 1618:1639 And the investigation of the drug-CD interaction kinetics under different conditions indicated that the column temperature and mobile phase composition significantly affected the determination of ka,app, kd,app and Ka while also dependent on the acidity and basicity of drugs. 26851087 0 86 theme high-throughput 13:27 arg1 determination 29:41 Simultaneous high-throughput determination 0:41 Simultaneous high-throughput determination of interaction kinetics for drugs and cyclodextrins by high performance affinity chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. 0:171 Simultaneous high-throughput determination of interaction kinetics for drugs and cyclodextrins by high performance affinity chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. 26851087 2 87 theme loading 648:654 arg1 quantity 656:663 low sample loading quantity 637:663 low sample loading quantity (<10 ng per injection for single compound) 637:706 In this study, a HPAC with mass spectrometry detection (HPAC-MS/MS) was employed to determine the drug-cyclodextrin (CD) interaction kinetics with low sample loading quantity (<10 ng per injection for single compound) and high-throughput yield as twenty drugs determined in one injection. 26851087 3 88 with consistent 977:986 arg1 detector 1027:1034 UV detector 1024:1034 UV detector in our previous studies 1024:1058 The kd,app measured by HPAC-MS/MS approach were 0.89 ± 0.07, 4.34 ± 0.01, 1.48 ± 0.01 and 7.77 ± 0.04 s(-1) for ketoprofen, trimethoprim, indapamide and acetaminophen, with kd,app for acetaminophen consistent with that from the HPAC method with UV detector in our previous studies. 26851087 3 88 with consistent 977:986 arg1 that 993:996 that 993:996 that 993:996 The kd,app measured by HPAC-MS/MS approach were 0.89 ± 0.07, 4.34 ± 0.01, 1.48 ± 0.01 and 7.77 ± 0.04 s(-1) for ketoprofen, trimethoprim, indapamide and acetaminophen, with kd,app for acetaminophen consistent with that from the HPAC method with UV detector in our previous studies. 26851087 4 89 theme high-throughput 1221:1235 arg1 approach 1248:1255 high-throughput HPAC-MS/MS approach 1221:1255 high-throughput HPAC-MS/MS approach 1221:1255 For twenty drugs with diverse structures and chemical properties, good correlationship was found between kd,app measured by single compound analysis method and high-throughput HPAC-MS/MS approach, with the correlation coefficient of 0.987 and the significance F less than 0.001. 26851087 0 90 theme kinetics 58:65 arg1 determination 29:41 Simultaneous high-throughput determination 0:41 Simultaneous high-throughput determination of interaction kinetics for drugs and cyclodextrins by high performance affinity chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. 0:171 Simultaneous high-throughput determination of interaction kinetics for drugs and cyclodextrins by high performance affinity chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. 26851087 4 91 theme compound 1192:1199 arg1 method 1210:1215 single compound analysis method 1185:1215 single compound analysis method 1185:1215 For twenty drugs with diverse structures and chemical properties, good correlationship was found between kd,app measured by single compound analysis method and high-throughput HPAC-MS/MS approach, with the correlation coefficient of 0.987 and the significance F less than 0.001. 26851087 7 92 theme drug 2067:2070 arg1 solubilization 2039:2052 the solubilization 2035:2052 the solubilization of the right drug 2035:2070 In summary, the high-throughput HPAC-MS/MS approach has been demonstrated high efficiency in determination of the drug-CD primary interaction kinetic parameter, especially, kd,app, being proven as a novel tool in screening the right CD for the solubilization of the right drug. 26851087 1 93 theme numerous 339:346 arg1 tests 357:361 numerous separate tests 339:361 numerous separate tests 339:361 The individual determination of the apparent dissociation rate constant (kd,app) using high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) is a tedious process requiring numerous separate tests and massive data fitting, unable to provide the apparent association rate constant (ka) and equilibrium binding constant (Ka). 26851087 6 94 dep app 1717:1719 arg1 also 1742:1745 also 1742:1745 also 1742:1745 And the investigation of the drug-CD interaction kinetics under different conditions indicated that the column temperature and mobile phase composition significantly affected the determination of ka,app, kd,app and Ka while also dependent on the acidity and basicity of drugs. 26851087 1 95 theme high 260:263 arg1 HPAC 302:305 HPAC 302:305 HPAC 302:305 The individual determination of the apparent dissociation rate constant (kd,app) using high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) is a tedious process requiring numerous separate tests and massive data fitting, unable to provide the apparent association rate constant (ka) and equilibrium binding constant (Ka). 26851087 1 95 theme high 260:263 arg1 chromatography 286:299 high performance affinity chromatography 260:299 high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) 260:306 The individual determination of the apparent dissociation rate constant (kd,app) using high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) is a tedious process requiring numerous separate tests and massive data fitting, unable to provide the apparent association rate constant (ka) and equilibrium binding constant (Ka). 26577602 7 0 from carbohydrates 1264:1276 arg1 unique 1221:1226 unique 1221:1226 unique 1221:1226 Here, we report the occurrence of a saccharide moiety substituted with two P-Cho residues, which is unique as yet in bacterial derived surface carbohydrates. 26577602 7 0 from carbohydrates 1264:1276 arg1 moiety 1168:1173 a saccharide moiety 1155:1173 a saccharide moiety 1155:1173 Here, we report the occurrence of a saccharide moiety substituted with two P-Cho residues, which is unique as yet in bacterial derived surface carbohydrates. 26577602 6 1 theme structural 916:925 arg1 complexity 927:936 Its structural complexity 912:936 Its structural complexity 912:936 Its structural complexity is even higher than that of pnLTA and its composition differs in number and type of carbohydrate moieties, inter-residue connectivities and especially the P-Cho substitution pattern. 26577602 1 2 theme integral 251:258 arg1 components 260:269 integral components 251:269 integral components of their cell wall that are unique among Gram-positive bacteria 251:333 Members of the Mitis group of streptococci possess teichoic acids (TAs) as integral components of their cell wall that are unique among Gram-positive bacteria. 26577602 1 2 theme integral 251:258 arg1 acids 236:240 teichoic acids 227:240 teichoic acids (TAs) 227:246 Members of the Mitis group of streptococci possess teichoic acids (TAs) as integral components of their cell wall that are unique among Gram-positive bacteria. 26577602 3 3 theme pathogen 639:646 arg1 pneumoniae 662:671 the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae 629:671 the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae 629:671 These residues serve as anchors for choline-binding proteins (CBPs), some of which have been identified as virulence factors of the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. 26577602 0 4 theme unusual 91:97 arg1 pattern 130:136 an unusual phosphorylcholine substitution pattern 88:136 an unusual phosphorylcholine substitution pattern 88:136 Lipoteichoic acid of Streptococcus oralis Uo5: a novel biochemical structure comprising an unusual phosphorylcholine substitution pattern compared to Streptococcus pneumoniae. 26577602 3 5 theme Streptococcus 648:660 arg1 pneumoniae 662:671 the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae 629:671 the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae 629:671 These residues serve as anchors for choline-binding proteins (CBPs), some of which have been identified as virulence factors of the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. 26577602 4 6 theme Streptococcus 730:742 arg1 oralis 744:749 its close relative Streptococcus oralis 711:749 its close relative Streptococcus oralis 711:749 We investigated the LTA structure of its close relative Streptococcus oralis. 26577602 6 7 theme substitution 1099:1110 arg1 pattern 1112:1118 the P-Cho substitution pattern 1089:1118 the P-Cho substitution pattern 1089:1118 Its structural complexity is even higher than that of pnLTA and its composition differs in number and type of carbohydrate moieties, inter-residue connectivities and especially the P-Cho substitution pattern. 26577602 5 8 theme LTA 907:909 arg1 subtype 888:894 a subtype 886:894 a subtype of type IV LTA 886:909 Our analysis revealed that S. oralis Uo5 LTA has an overall architecture similar to pneumococcal LTA (pnLTA) and can be considered as a subtype of type IV LTA. 26577602 5 8 theme LTA 907:909 arg1 LTA 793:795 S. oralis Uo5 LTA 779:795 S. oralis Uo5 LTA 779:795 Our analysis revealed that S. oralis Uo5 LTA has an overall architecture similar to pneumococcal LTA (pnLTA) and can be considered as a subtype of type IV LTA. 26577602 4 9 theme relative 721:728 arg1 oralis 744:749 its close relative Streptococcus oralis 711:749 its close relative Streptococcus oralis 711:749 We investigated the LTA structure of its close relative Streptococcus oralis. 26577602 5 10 theme overall 804:810 arg1 architecture 812:823 an overall architecture 801:823 an overall architecture similar to pneumococcal LTA (pnLTA) 801:859 Our analysis revealed that S. oralis Uo5 LTA has an overall architecture similar to pneumococcal LTA (pnLTA) and can be considered as a subtype of type IV LTA. 26577602 0 11 theme substitution 117:128 arg1 pattern 130:136 an unusual phosphorylcholine substitution pattern 88:136 an unusual phosphorylcholine substitution pattern 88:136 Lipoteichoic acid of Streptococcus oralis Uo5: a novel biochemical structure comprising an unusual phosphorylcholine substitution pattern compared to Streptococcus pneumoniae. 26577602 2 12 theme teichoic 370:377 arg1 acid 379:382 lipoteichoic (LTA) and wall teichoic acid 342:382 acid 379:382 Both, lipoteichoic (LTA) and wall teichoic acid, are formed by the same biosynthetic pathway, are of high complexity and contain phosphorylcholine (P-Cho) residues. 26577602 2 12 theme teichoic 370:377 arg1 Both 336:339 Both 336:339 Both 336:339 Both, lipoteichoic (LTA) and wall teichoic acid, are formed by the same biosynthetic pathway, are of high complexity and contain phosphorylcholine (P-Cho) residues. 26577602 5 13 theme similar 825:831 arg1 architecture 812:823 an overall architecture 801:823 an overall architecture similar to pneumococcal LTA (pnLTA) 801:859 Our analysis revealed that S. oralis Uo5 LTA has an overall architecture similar to pneumococcal LTA (pnLTA) and can be considered as a subtype of type IV LTA. 26577602 0 14 theme phosphorylcholine 99:115 arg1 pattern 130:136 an unusual phosphorylcholine substitution pattern 88:136 an unusual phosphorylcholine substitution pattern 88:136 Lipoteichoic acid of Streptococcus oralis Uo5: a novel biochemical structure comprising an unusual phosphorylcholine substitution pattern compared to Streptococcus pneumoniae. 26577602 7 15 link derived 1248:1254 arg1 carbohydrates 1264:1276 bacterial derived surface carbohydrates 1238:1276 bacterial derived surface carbohydrates 1238:1276 Here, we report the occurrence of a saccharide moiety substituted with two P-Cho residues, which is unique as yet in bacterial derived surface carbohydrates. 26577602 4 16 theme oralis 744:749 arg1 structure 698:706 the LTA structure 690:706 the LTA structure of its close relative Streptococcus oralis 690:749 We investigated the LTA structure of its close relative Streptococcus oralis. 26577602 1 17 theme Mitis 191:195 arg1 group 197:201 the Mitis group 187:201 the Mitis group of streptococci 187:217 Members of the Mitis group of streptococci possess teichoic acids (TAs) as integral components of their cell wall that are unique among Gram-positive bacteria. 26577602 1 17 theme Mitis 191:195 arg1 streptococci 206:217 streptococci 206:217 streptococci 206:217 Members of the Mitis group of streptococci possess teichoic acids (TAs) as integral components of their cell wall that are unique among Gram-positive bacteria. 26577602 5 18 theme S. 779:780 arg1 subtype 888:894 a subtype 886:894 a subtype of type IV LTA 886:909 Our analysis revealed that S. oralis Uo5 LTA has an overall architecture similar to pneumococcal LTA (pnLTA) and can be considered as a subtype of type IV LTA. 26577602 5 18 theme S. 779:780 arg1 LTA 793:795 S. oralis Uo5 LTA 779:795 S. oralis Uo5 LTA 779:795 Our analysis revealed that S. oralis Uo5 LTA has an overall architecture similar to pneumococcal LTA (pnLTA) and can be considered as a subtype of type IV LTA. 26577602 7 19 theme saccharide 1157:1166 arg1 unique 1221:1226 unique 1221:1226 unique 1221:1226 Here, we report the occurrence of a saccharide moiety substituted with two P-Cho residues, which is unique as yet in bacterial derived surface carbohydrates. 26577602 7 19 theme saccharide 1157:1166 arg1 moiety 1168:1173 a saccharide moiety 1155:1173 a saccharide moiety 1155:1173 Here, we report the occurrence of a saccharide moiety substituted with two P-Cho residues, which is unique as yet in bacterial derived surface carbohydrates. 26577602 3 20 theme choline-binding 537:551 arg1 CBPs 563:566 CBPs 563:566 CBPs 563:566 These residues serve as anchors for choline-binding proteins (CBPs), some of which have been identified as virulence factors of the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. 26577602 3 20 theme choline-binding 537:551 arg1 proteins 553:560 choline-binding proteins 537:560 choline-binding proteins (CBPs) 537:567 These residues serve as anchors for choline-binding proteins (CBPs), some of which have been identified as virulence factors of the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. 26577602 1 21 theme group 197:201 arg1 Members 176:182 Members 176:182 Members of the Mitis group of streptococci 176:217 Members of the Mitis group of streptococci possess teichoic acids (TAs) as integral components of their cell wall that are unique among Gram-positive bacteria. 26577602 0 22 theme Lipoteichoic 0:11 arg1 acid 13:16 Lipoteichoic acid 0:16 Lipoteichoic acid of Streptococcus oralis Uo5: a novel biochemical structure comprising an unusual phosphorylcholine substitution pattern compared to Streptococcus pneumoniae. 0:174 Lipoteichoic acid of Streptococcus oralis Uo5: a novel biochemical structure comprising an unusual phosphorylcholine substitution pattern compared to Streptococcus pneumoniae. 26577602 1 23 theme cell 280:283 arg1 wall 285:288 their cell wall 274:288 their cell wall that are unique among Gram-positive bacteria 274:333 Members of the Mitis group of streptococci possess teichoic acids (TAs) as integral components of their cell wall that are unique among Gram-positive bacteria. 26577602 5 24 theme oralis 782:787 arg1 subtype 888:894 a subtype 886:894 a subtype of type IV LTA 886:909 Our analysis revealed that S. oralis Uo5 LTA has an overall architecture similar to pneumococcal LTA (pnLTA) and can be considered as a subtype of type IV LTA. 26577602 5 24 theme oralis 782:787 arg1 LTA 793:795 S. oralis Uo5 LTA 779:795 S. oralis Uo5 LTA 779:795 Our analysis revealed that S. oralis Uo5 LTA has an overall architecture similar to pneumococcal LTA (pnLTA) and can be considered as a subtype of type IV LTA. 26577602 2 25 theme wall 365:368 arg1 acid 379:382 lipoteichoic (LTA) and wall teichoic acid 342:382 acid 379:382 Both, lipoteichoic (LTA) and wall teichoic acid, are formed by the same biosynthetic pathway, are of high complexity and contain phosphorylcholine (P-Cho) residues. 26577602 2 25 theme wall 365:368 arg1 Both 336:339 Both 336:339 Both 336:339 Both, lipoteichoic (LTA) and wall teichoic acid, are formed by the same biosynthetic pathway, are of high complexity and contain phosphorylcholine (P-Cho) residues. 26577602 0 26 theme Streptococcus 21:33 arg1 oralis 35:40 Streptococcus oralis Uo5 21:44 Streptococcus oralis Uo5 21:44 Lipoteichoic acid of Streptococcus oralis Uo5: a novel biochemical structure comprising an unusual phosphorylcholine substitution pattern compared to Streptococcus pneumoniae. 26577602 1 27 theme wall 285:288 arg1 components 260:269 integral components 251:269 integral components of their cell wall that are unique among Gram-positive bacteria 251:333 Members of the Mitis group of streptococci possess teichoic acids (TAs) as integral components of their cell wall that are unique among Gram-positive bacteria. 26577602 1 27 theme wall 285:288 arg1 acids 236:240 teichoic acids 227:240 teichoic acids (TAs) 227:246 Members of the Mitis group of streptococci possess teichoic acids (TAs) as integral components of their cell wall that are unique among Gram-positive bacteria. 26577602 5 28 contain has 797:799 arg2 architecture 812:823 an overall architecture 801:823 an overall architecture similar to pneumococcal LTA (pnLTA) 801:859 Our analysis revealed that S. oralis Uo5 LTA has an overall architecture similar to pneumococcal LTA (pnLTA) and can be considered as a subtype of type IV LTA. 26577602 5 28 contain has 797:799 arg1 subtype 888:894 a subtype 886:894 a subtype of type IV LTA 886:909 Our analysis revealed that S. oralis Uo5 LTA has an overall architecture similar to pneumococcal LTA (pnLTA) and can be considered as a subtype of type IV LTA. 26577602 5 28 contain has 797:799 arg1 LTA 793:795 S. oralis Uo5 LTA 779:795 S. oralis Uo5 LTA 779:795 Our analysis revealed that S. oralis Uo5 LTA has an overall architecture similar to pneumococcal LTA (pnLTA) and can be considered as a subtype of type IV LTA. 26577602 4 29 theme close 715:719 arg1 oralis 744:749 its close relative Streptococcus oralis 711:749 its close relative Streptococcus oralis 711:749 We investigated the LTA structure of its close relative Streptococcus oralis. 26577602 1 30 theme streptococci 206:217 arg1 group 197:201 the Mitis group 187:201 the Mitis group of streptococci 187:217 Members of the Mitis group of streptococci possess teichoic acids (TAs) as integral components of their cell wall that are unique among Gram-positive bacteria. 26577602 1 30 theme streptococci 206:217 arg1 streptococci 206:217 streptococci 206:217 streptococci 206:217 Members of the Mitis group of streptococci possess teichoic acids (TAs) as integral components of their cell wall that are unique among Gram-positive bacteria. 26577602 2 31 theme same 403:406 arg1 pathway 421:427 the same biosynthetic pathway 399:427 the same biosynthetic pathway 399:427 Both, lipoteichoic (LTA) and wall teichoic acid, are formed by the same biosynthetic pathway, are of high complexity and contain phosphorylcholine (P-Cho) residues. 26577602 5 32 theme type 899:902 arg1 LTA 907:909 type IV LTA 899:909 type IV LTA 899:909 Our analysis revealed that S. oralis Uo5 LTA has an overall architecture similar to pneumococcal LTA (pnLTA) and can be considered as a subtype of type IV LTA. 26577602 6 33 theme P-Cho 1093:1097 arg1 pattern 1112:1118 the P-Cho substitution pattern 1089:1118 the P-Cho substitution pattern 1089:1118 Its structural complexity is even higher than that of pnLTA and its composition differs in number and type of carbohydrate moieties, inter-residue connectivities and especially the P-Cho substitution pattern. 26577602 0 34 theme Streptococcus 150:162 arg1 pneumoniae 164:173 Streptococcus pneumoniae 150:173 Streptococcus pneumoniae 150:173 Lipoteichoic acid of Streptococcus oralis Uo5: a novel biochemical structure comprising an unusual phosphorylcholine substitution pattern compared to Streptococcus pneumoniae. 26577602 3 35 theme virulence 608:616 arg1 some 570:573 some 570:573 some 570:573 These residues serve as anchors for choline-binding proteins (CBPs), some of which have been identified as virulence factors of the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. 26577602 3 35 theme virulence 608:616 arg1 factors 618:624 virulence factors 608:624 virulence factors of the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae 608:671 These residues serve as anchors for choline-binding proteins (CBPs), some of which have been identified as virulence factors of the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. 26577602 3 35 theme virulence 608:616 arg1 proteins 553:560 choline-binding proteins 537:560 choline-binding proteins (CBPs) 537:567 These residues serve as anchors for choline-binding proteins (CBPs), some of which have been identified as virulence factors of the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. 26577602 8 36 theme structural 1325:1334 arg1 variations 1336:1345 the observed important structural variations 1302:1345 the observed important structural variations between S. oralis and S. pneumoniae LTA 1302:1385 Finally, we could link the observed important structural variations between S. oralis and S. pneumoniae LTA to the divergent enzymatic repertoire for their TA biosynthesis. 26577602 7 37 theme derived 1248:1254 arg1 carbohydrates 1264:1276 bacterial derived surface carbohydrates 1238:1276 bacterial derived surface carbohydrates 1238:1276 Here, we report the occurrence of a saccharide moiety substituted with two P-Cho residues, which is unique as yet in bacterial derived surface carbohydrates. 26577602 1 38 theme teichoic 227:234 arg1 components 260:269 integral components 251:269 integral components of their cell wall that are unique among Gram-positive bacteria 251:333 Members of the Mitis group of streptococci possess teichoic acids (TAs) as integral components of their cell wall that are unique among Gram-positive bacteria. 26577602 1 38 theme teichoic 227:234 arg1 TAs 243:245 TAs 243:245 TAs 243:245 Members of the Mitis group of streptococci possess teichoic acids (TAs) as integral components of their cell wall that are unique among Gram-positive bacteria. 26577602 1 38 theme teichoic 227:234 arg1 acids 236:240 teichoic acids 227:240 teichoic acids (TAs) 227:246 Members of the Mitis group of streptococci possess teichoic acids (TAs) as integral components of their cell wall that are unique among Gram-positive bacteria. 26577602 0 39 theme oralis 35:40 arg1 acid 13:16 Lipoteichoic acid 0:16 Lipoteichoic acid of Streptococcus oralis Uo5: a novel biochemical structure comprising an unusual phosphorylcholine substitution pattern compared to Streptococcus pneumoniae. 0:174 Lipoteichoic acid of Streptococcus oralis Uo5: a novel biochemical structure comprising an unusual phosphorylcholine substitution pattern compared to Streptococcus pneumoniae. 26577602 2 40 theme high 437:440 arg1 complexity 442:451 high complexity 437:451 high complexity 437:451 Both, lipoteichoic (LTA) and wall teichoic acid, are formed by the same biosynthetic pathway, are of high complexity and contain phosphorylcholine (P-Cho) residues. 26577602 7 41 theme surface 1256:1262 arg1 carbohydrates 1264:1276 bacterial derived surface carbohydrates 1238:1276 bacterial derived surface carbohydrates 1238:1276 Here, we report the occurrence of a saccharide moiety substituted with two P-Cho residues, which is unique as yet in bacterial derived surface carbohydrates. 26577602 2 42 theme biosynthetic 408:419 arg1 pathway 421:427 the same biosynthetic pathway 399:427 the same biosynthetic pathway 399:427 Both, lipoteichoic (LTA) and wall teichoic acid, are formed by the same biosynthetic pathway, are of high complexity and contain phosphorylcholine (P-Cho) residues. 26577602 7 43 from unique 1221:1226 arg1 carbohydrates 1264:1276 bacterial derived surface carbohydrates 1238:1276 bacterial derived surface carbohydrates 1238:1276 Here, we report the occurrence of a saccharide moiety substituted with two P-Cho residues, which is unique as yet in bacterial derived surface carbohydrates. 26577602 5 44 theme Uo5 789:791 arg1 subtype 888:894 a subtype 886:894 a subtype of type IV LTA 886:909 Our analysis revealed that S. oralis Uo5 LTA has an overall architecture similar to pneumococcal LTA (pnLTA) and can be considered as a subtype of type IV LTA. 26577602 5 44 theme Uo5 789:791 arg1 LTA 793:795 S. oralis Uo5 LTA 779:795 S. oralis Uo5 LTA 779:795 Our analysis revealed that S. oralis Uo5 LTA has an overall architecture similar to pneumococcal LTA (pnLTA) and can be considered as a subtype of type IV LTA. 26577602 5 45 theme pneumococcal 836:847 arg1 pnLTA 854:858 pnLTA 854:858 pnLTA 854:858 Our analysis revealed that S. oralis Uo5 LTA has an overall architecture similar to pneumococcal LTA (pnLTA) and can be considered as a subtype of type IV LTA. 26577602 5 45 theme pneumococcal 836:847 arg1 LTA 849:851 pneumococcal LTA 836:851 pneumococcal LTA (pnLTA) 836:859 Our analysis revealed that S. oralis Uo5 LTA has an overall architecture similar to pneumococcal LTA (pnLTA) and can be considered as a subtype of type IV LTA. 26577602 0 46 theme novel 49:53 arg1 structure 67:75 a novel biochemical structure 47:75 Lipoteichoic acid of Streptococcus oralis Uo5: a novel biochemical structure comprising an unusual phosphorylcholine substitution pattern compared to Streptococcus pneumoniae. 0:174 Lipoteichoic acid of Streptococcus oralis Uo5: a novel biochemical structure comprising an unusual phosphorylcholine substitution pattern compared to Streptococcus pneumoniae. 26577602 2 47 contain contain 457:463 arg1 acid 379:382 lipoteichoic (LTA) and wall teichoic acid 342:382 acid 379:382 Both, lipoteichoic (LTA) and wall teichoic acid, are formed by the same biosynthetic pathway, are of high complexity and contain phosphorylcholine (P-Cho) residues. 26577602 2 47 contain contain 457:463 arg2 residues 491:498 phosphorylcholine (P-Cho) residues 465:498 phosphorylcholine (P-Cho) residues 465:498 Both, lipoteichoic (LTA) and wall teichoic acid, are formed by the same biosynthetic pathway, are of high complexity and contain phosphorylcholine (P-Cho) residues. 26577602 2 47 contain contain 457:463 arg1 lipoteichoic 342:353 lipoteichoic 342:353 lipoteichoic 342:353 Both, lipoteichoic (LTA) and wall teichoic acid, are formed by the same biosynthetic pathway, are of high complexity and contain phosphorylcholine (P-Cho) residues. 26577602 2 47 contain contain 457:463 arg1 Both 336:339 Both 336:339 Both 336:339 Both, lipoteichoic (LTA) and wall teichoic acid, are formed by the same biosynthetic pathway, are of high complexity and contain phosphorylcholine (P-Cho) residues. 26577602 1 48 theme Gram-positive 312:324 arg1 bacteria 326:333 Gram-positive bacteria 312:333 Gram-positive bacteria 312:333 Members of the Mitis group of streptococci possess teichoic acids (TAs) as integral components of their cell wall that are unique among Gram-positive bacteria. 26577602 8 49 theme TA 1435:1436 arg1 biosynthesis 1438:1449 their TA biosynthesis 1429:1449 their TA biosynthesis 1429:1449 Finally, we could link the observed important structural variations between S. oralis and S. pneumoniae LTA to the divergent enzymatic repertoire for their TA biosynthesis. 26577602 8 50 theme enzymatic 1404:1412 arg1 repertoire 1414:1423 the divergent enzymatic repertoire 1390:1423 the divergent enzymatic repertoire for their TA biosynthesis 1390:1449 Finally, we could link the observed important structural variations between S. oralis and S. pneumoniae LTA to the divergent enzymatic repertoire for their TA biosynthesis. 26577602 8 51 theme divergent 1394:1402 arg1 repertoire 1414:1423 the divergent enzymatic repertoire 1390:1423 the divergent enzymatic repertoire for their TA biosynthesis 1390:1449 Finally, we could link the observed important structural variations between S. oralis and S. pneumoniae LTA to the divergent enzymatic repertoire for their TA biosynthesis. 26577602 6 52 theme connectivities 1059:1072 arg1 type 1014:1017 type 1014:1017 type 1014:1017 Its structural complexity is even higher than that of pnLTA and its composition differs in number and type of carbohydrate moieties, inter-residue connectivities and especially the P-Cho substitution pattern. 26577602 6 52 theme connectivities 1059:1072 arg1 number 1003:1008 number 1003:1008 number 1003:1008 Its structural complexity is even higher than that of pnLTA and its composition differs in number and type of carbohydrate moieties, inter-residue connectivities and especially the P-Cho substitution pattern. 26577602 8 53 theme pneumoniae 1372:1381 arg1 LTA 1383:1385 S. oralis and S. pneumoniae LTA 1355:1385 S. oralis and S. pneumoniae LTA 1355:1385 Finally, we could link the observed important structural variations between S. oralis and S. pneumoniae LTA to the divergent enzymatic repertoire for their TA biosynthesis. 26577602 3 54 theme human 633:637 arg1 pneumoniae 662:671 the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae 629:671 the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae 629:671 These residues serve as anchors for choline-binding proteins (CBPs), some of which have been identified as virulence factors of the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. 26577602 8 55 theme oralis 1358:1363 arg1 LTA 1383:1385 S. oralis and S. pneumoniae LTA 1355:1385 S. oralis and S. pneumoniae LTA 1355:1385 Finally, we could link the observed important structural variations between S. oralis and S. pneumoniae LTA to the divergent enzymatic repertoire for their TA biosynthesis. 26577602 8 56 theme important 1315:1323 arg1 variations 1336:1345 the observed important structural variations 1302:1345 the observed important structural variations between S. oralis and S. pneumoniae LTA 1302:1385 Finally, we could link the observed important structural variations between S. oralis and S. pneumoniae LTA to the divergent enzymatic repertoire for their TA biosynthesis. 26577602 4 57 theme LTA 694:696 arg1 structure 698:706 the LTA structure 690:706 the LTA structure of its close relative Streptococcus oralis 690:749 We investigated the LTA structure of its close relative Streptococcus oralis. 26577602 8 58 theme observed 1306:1313 arg1 variations 1336:1345 the observed important structural variations 1302:1345 the observed important structural variations between S. oralis and S. pneumoniae LTA 1302:1385 Finally, we could link the observed important structural variations between S. oralis and S. pneumoniae LTA to the divergent enzymatic repertoire for their TA biosynthesis. 26577602 6 59 theme pattern 1112:1118 arg1 type 1014:1017 type 1014:1017 type 1014:1017 Its structural complexity is even higher than that of pnLTA and its composition differs in number and type of carbohydrate moieties, inter-residue connectivities and especially the P-Cho substitution pattern. 26577602 6 59 theme pattern 1112:1118 arg1 number 1003:1008 number 1003:1008 number 1003:1008 Its structural complexity is even higher than that of pnLTA and its composition differs in number and type of carbohydrate moieties, inter-residue connectivities and especially the P-Cho substitution pattern. 26577602 1 60 contain possess 219:225 arg2 acids 236:240 teichoic acids 227:240 teichoic acids (TAs) 227:246 Members of the Mitis group of streptococci possess teichoic acids (TAs) as integral components of their cell wall that are unique among Gram-positive bacteria. 26577602 1 60 contain possess 219:225 arg2 components 260:269 integral components 251:269 integral components of their cell wall that are unique among Gram-positive bacteria 251:333 Members of the Mitis group of streptococci possess teichoic acids (TAs) as integral components of their cell wall that are unique among Gram-positive bacteria. 26577602 1 60 contain possess 219:225 arg1 Members 176:182 Members 176:182 Members of the Mitis group of streptococci 176:217 Members of the Mitis group of streptococci possess teichoic acids (TAs) as integral components of their cell wall that are unique among Gram-positive bacteria. 26577602 1 60 contain possess 219:225 arg2 TAs 243:245 TAs 243:245 TAs 243:245 Members of the Mitis group of streptococci possess teichoic acids (TAs) as integral components of their cell wall that are unique among Gram-positive bacteria. 26577602 7 61 theme P-Cho 1196:1200 arg1 residues 1202:1209 two P-Cho residues 1192:1209 two P-Cho residues 1192:1209 Here, we report the occurrence of a saccharide moiety substituted with two P-Cho residues, which is unique as yet in bacterial derived surface carbohydrates. 26577602 7 62 theme bacterial 1238:1246 arg1 carbohydrates 1264:1276 bacterial derived surface carbohydrates 1238:1276 bacterial derived surface carbohydrates 1238:1276 Here, we report the occurrence of a saccharide moiety substituted with two P-Cho residues, which is unique as yet in bacterial derived surface carbohydrates. 26577602 6 63 theme inter-residue 1045:1057 arg1 connectivities 1059:1072 inter-residue connectivities 1045:1072 inter-residue connectivities 1045:1072 Its structural complexity is even higher than that of pnLTA and its composition differs in number and type of carbohydrate moieties, inter-residue connectivities and especially the P-Cho substitution pattern. 26577602 0 64 theme biochemical 55:65 arg1 structure 67:75 a novel biochemical structure 47:75 Lipoteichoic acid of Streptococcus oralis Uo5: a novel biochemical structure comprising an unusual phosphorylcholine substitution pattern compared to Streptococcus pneumoniae. 0:174 Lipoteichoic acid of Streptococcus oralis Uo5: a novel biochemical structure comprising an unusual phosphorylcholine substitution pattern compared to Streptococcus pneumoniae. 26577602 0 65 dep acid 13:16 arg1 structure 67:75 a novel biochemical structure 47:75 Lipoteichoic acid of Streptococcus oralis Uo5: a novel biochemical structure comprising an unusual phosphorylcholine substitution pattern compared to Streptococcus pneumoniae. 0:174 Lipoteichoic acid of Streptococcus oralis Uo5: a novel biochemical structure comprising an unusual phosphorylcholine substitution pattern compared to Streptococcus pneumoniae. 26577602 6 66 theme moieties 1035:1042 arg1 type 1014:1017 type 1014:1017 type 1014:1017 Its structural complexity is even higher than that of pnLTA and its composition differs in number and type of carbohydrate moieties, inter-residue connectivities and especially the P-Cho substitution pattern. 26577602 6 66 theme moieties 1035:1042 arg1 number 1003:1008 number 1003:1008 number 1003:1008 Its structural complexity is even higher than that of pnLTA and its composition differs in number and type of carbohydrate moieties, inter-residue connectivities and especially the P-Cho substitution pattern. 26577602 7 67 theme moiety 1168:1173 arg1 occurrence 1141:1150 the occurrence 1137:1150 the occurrence of a saccharide moiety substituted with two P-Cho residues, which is unique as yet in bacterial derived surface carbohydrates 1137:1276 Here, we report the occurrence of a saccharide moiety substituted with two P-Cho residues, which is unique as yet in bacterial derived surface carbohydrates. 26577602 2 68 theme phosphorylcholine 465:481 arg1 residues 491:498 phosphorylcholine (P-Cho) residues 465:498 phosphorylcholine (P-Cho) residues 465:498 Both, lipoteichoic (LTA) and wall teichoic acid, are formed by the same biosynthetic pathway, are of high complexity and contain phosphorylcholine (P-Cho) residues. 26577602 3 69 theme pneumoniae 662:671 arg1 some 570:573 some 570:573 some 570:573 These residues serve as anchors for choline-binding proteins (CBPs), some of which have been identified as virulence factors of the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. 26577602 3 69 theme pneumoniae 662:671 arg1 factors 618:624 virulence factors 608:624 virulence factors of the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae 608:671 These residues serve as anchors for choline-binding proteins (CBPs), some of which have been identified as virulence factors of the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. 26577602 3 69 theme pneumoniae 662:671 arg1 proteins 553:560 choline-binding proteins 537:560 choline-binding proteins (CBPs) 537:567 These residues serve as anchors for choline-binding proteins (CBPs), some of which have been identified as virulence factors of the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. 26577602 6 70 theme carbohydrate 1022:1033 arg1 moieties 1035:1042 carbohydrate moieties 1022:1042 carbohydrate moieties 1022:1042 Its structural complexity is even higher than that of pnLTA and its composition differs in number and type of carbohydrate moieties, inter-residue connectivities and especially the P-Cho substitution pattern. 26577602 8 71 attach link 1297:1300 arg1 repertoire 1414:1423 the divergent enzymatic repertoire 1390:1423 the divergent enzymatic repertoire for their TA biosynthesis 1390:1449 Finally, we could link the observed important structural variations between S. oralis and S. pneumoniae LTA to the divergent enzymatic repertoire for their TA biosynthesis. 26577602 8 71 attach link 1297:1300 arg2 we 1288:1289 we 1288:1289 we 1288:1289 Finally, we could link the observed important structural variations between S. oralis and S. pneumoniae LTA to the divergent enzymatic repertoire for their TA biosynthesis. 26234618 2 0 theme smaller 414:420 arg1 components 422:431 smaller components 414:431 smaller components of d-xylose (11.2%), d-mannose (3.5%), and glucuronic acid (GlcA, ∼2%) 414:502 The sugar composition consists of l-arabinofuranose (l-Araf, 55.2%) and d-galactopyranose (d-Galp 30.1%), with smaller components of d-xylose (11.2%), d-mannose (3.5%), and glucuronic acid (GlcA, ∼2%), the latter linked via a galactosyl residue. 26234618 2 0 theme smaller 414:420 arg1 latter 509:514 latter 509:514 latter 509:514 The sugar composition consists of l-arabinofuranose (l-Araf, 55.2%) and d-galactopyranose (d-Galp 30.1%), with smaller components of d-xylose (11.2%), d-mannose (3.5%), and glucuronic acid (GlcA, ∼2%), the latter linked via a galactosyl residue. 26234618 2 1 theme sugar 307:311 arg1 composition 313:323 The sugar composition 303:323 The sugar composition 303:323 The sugar composition consists of l-arabinofuranose (l-Araf, 55.2%) and d-galactopyranose (d-Galp 30.1%), with smaller components of d-xylose (11.2%), d-mannose (3.5%), and glucuronic acid (GlcA, ∼2%), the latter linked via a galactosyl residue. 26234618 7 2 theme stable 1019:1024 arg1 gels 1026:1029 stable gels 1019:1029 stable gels 1019:1029 FGP forms stable gels at >15% w/v and at 1-12% solutions are viscous and are excellent emulsifiers of flavoring oils (grapefruit, clove, and lemongrass), giving stable emulsions for ≥72 h. Lower concentrations (0.1% w/v) were less viscous, yet still gave stable grapefruit oil/water emulsions. 26234618 7 3 theme % 1223:1223 arg1 w/v 1225:1227 0.1% w/v 1220:1227 0.1% w/v 1220:1227 FGP forms stable gels at >15% w/v and at 1-12% solutions are viscous and are excellent emulsifiers of flavoring oils (grapefruit, clove, and lemongrass), giving stable emulsions for ≥72 h. Lower concentrations (0.1% w/v) were less viscous, yet still gave stable grapefruit oil/water emulsions. 26234618 7 3 theme % 1223:1223 arg1 concentrations 1204:1217 Lower concentrations 1198:1217 Lower concentrations (0.1% w/v) 1198:1228 FGP forms stable gels at >15% w/v and at 1-12% solutions are viscous and are excellent emulsifiers of flavoring oils (grapefruit, clove, and lemongrass), giving stable emulsions for ≥72 h. Lower concentrations (0.1% w/v) were less viscous, yet still gave stable grapefruit oil/water emulsions. 26234618 2 4 theme acid 487:490 arg1 components 422:431 smaller components 414:431 smaller components of d-xylose (11.2%), d-mannose (3.5%), and glucuronic acid (GlcA, ∼2%) 414:502 The sugar composition consists of l-arabinofuranose (l-Araf, 55.2%) and d-galactopyranose (d-Galp 30.1%), with smaller components of d-xylose (11.2%), d-mannose (3.5%), and glucuronic acid (GlcA, ∼2%), the latter linked via a galactosyl residue. 26234618 2 4 theme acid 487:490 arg1 latter 509:514 latter 509:514 latter 509:514 The sugar composition consists of l-arabinofuranose (l-Araf, 55.2%) and d-galactopyranose (d-Galp 30.1%), with smaller components of d-xylose (11.2%), d-mannose (3.5%), and glucuronic acid (GlcA, ∼2%), the latter linked via a galactosyl residue. 26234618 3 5 with 2-position 623:632 arg1 Araf 707:710 an internal 3-substituted Araf 681:710 an internal 3-substituted Araf 681:710 Permethylation identified 3-linked Galp residues, some substituted at the 2-position with Galp or Manp, terminal Araf and Xylp, and an internal 3-substituted Araf. 26234618 3 5 with 2-position 623:632 arg1 Araf 662:665 terminal Araf 653:665 terminal Araf 653:665 Permethylation identified 3-linked Galp residues, some substituted at the 2-position with Galp or Manp, terminal Araf and Xylp, and an internal 3-substituted Araf. 26234618 3 5 with 2-position 623:632 arg1 Galp 639:642 Galp 639:642 Galp 639:642 Permethylation identified 3-linked Galp residues, some substituted at the 2-position with Galp or Manp, terminal Araf and Xylp, and an internal 3-substituted Araf. 26234618 3 5 with 2-position 623:632 arg1 Manp 647:650 Manp 647:650 Manp 647:650 Permethylation identified 3-linked Galp residues, some substituted at the 2-position with Galp or Manp, terminal Araf and Xylp, and an internal 3-substituted Araf. 26234618 7 6 theme % 1037:1037 arg1 w/v 1039:1041 >15% w/v 1034:1041 >15% w/v 1034:1041 FGP forms stable gels at >15% w/v and at 1-12% solutions are viscous and are excellent emulsifiers of flavoring oils (grapefruit, clove, and lemongrass), giving stable emulsions for ≥72 h. Lower concentrations (0.1% w/v) were less viscous, yet still gave stable grapefruit oil/water emulsions. 26234618 1 7 theme cut 228:230 arg1 stems 232:236 the cut stems 224:236 the cut stems of the North American grape species Vitis riparia (Frost grape) 224:300 A new arabinogalactan is described that is produced in large quantity from the cut stems of the North American grape species Vitis riparia (Frost grape). 26234618 2 8 theme glucuronic 476:485 arg1 acid 487:490 glucuronic acid 476:490 glucuronic acid (GlcA, ∼2%) 476:502 The sugar composition consists of l-arabinofuranose (l-Araf, 55.2%) and d-galactopyranose (d-Galp 30.1%), with smaller components of d-xylose (11.2%), d-mannose (3.5%), and glucuronic acid (GlcA, ∼2%), the latter linked via a galactosyl residue. 26234618 7 9 theme oil/water 1282:1290 arg1 emulsions 1292:1300 stable grapefruit oil/water emulsions 1264:1300 stable grapefruit oil/water emulsions 1264:1300 FGP forms stable gels at >15% w/v and at 1-12% solutions are viscous and are excellent emulsifiers of flavoring oils (grapefruit, clove, and lemongrass), giving stable emulsions for ≥72 h. Lower concentrations (0.1% w/v) were less viscous, yet still gave stable grapefruit oil/water emulsions. 26234618 6 10 contain contain 963:969 arg2 HPRP 1002:1005 HPRP 1002:1005 HPRP 1002:1005 Unlike gum arabic, the FGP does not contain a hydroxyproline-rich protein (HPRP). 26234618 6 10 contain contain 963:969 arg1 FGP 950:952 the FGP 946:952 the FGP 946:952 Unlike gum arabic, the FGP does not contain a hydroxyproline-rich protein (HPRP). 26234618 6 10 contain contain 963:969 arg2 protein 993:999 a hydroxyproline-rich protein 971:999 a hydroxyproline-rich protein (HPRP) 971:1006 Unlike gum arabic, the FGP does not contain a hydroxyproline-rich protein (HPRP). 26234618 7 11 theme >15 1034:1036 arg1 % 1037:1037 % 1037:1037 % 1037:1037 FGP forms stable gels at >15% w/v and at 1-12% solutions are viscous and are excellent emulsifiers of flavoring oils (grapefruit, clove, and lemongrass), giving stable emulsions for ≥72 h. Lower concentrations (0.1% w/v) were less viscous, yet still gave stable grapefruit oil/water emulsions. 26234618 3 12 link 3-linked 575:582 arg1 some 599:602 some 599:602 some 599:602 Permethylation identified 3-linked Galp residues, some substituted at the 2-position with Galp or Manp, terminal Araf and Xylp, and an internal 3-substituted Araf. 26234618 3 12 link 3-linked 575:582 arg1 residues 589:596 3-linked Galp residues 575:596 3-linked Galp residues 575:596 Permethylation identified 3-linked Galp residues, some substituted at the 2-position with Galp or Manp, terminal Araf and Xylp, and an internal 3-substituted Araf. 26234618 4 13 theme structural 831:840 arg1 motif 842:846 an Araf-α1,3-Araf-α1,2-Araf-α1,2-Galp structural motif 793:846 an Araf-α1,3-Araf-α1,2-Araf-α1,2-Galp structural motif 793:846 NMR (HSQC, TOCSY, HMBC, DOSY) identified βGalp and three αAraf spin systems, in an Araf-α1,3-Araf-α1,2-Araf-α1,2-Galp structural motif. 26234618 0 14 theme Native 92:97 arg1 Michx 142:146 Native North American Grape Species Vitis riparia Michx 92:146 Native North American Grape Species Vitis riparia Michx 92:146 Frost Grape Polysaccharide (FGP), an Emulsion-Forming Arabinogalactan Gum from the Stems of Native North American Grape Species Vitis riparia Michx. 26234618 5 15 theme MDa 922:924 arg1 weight 907:912 a molecular weight 895:912 a molecular weight of 1-10 MDa 895:924 Diffusion-ordered NMR showed that the FGP has a molecular weight of 1-10 MDa. 26234618 6 16 theme hydroxyproline-rich 973:991 arg1 HPRP 1002:1005 HPRP 1002:1005 HPRP 1002:1005 Unlike gum arabic, the FGP does not contain a hydroxyproline-rich protein (HPRP). 26234618 6 16 theme hydroxyproline-rich 973:991 arg1 protein 993:999 a hydroxyproline-rich protein 971:999 a hydroxyproline-rich protein (HPRP) 971:1006 Unlike gum arabic, the FGP does not contain a hydroxyproline-rich protein (HPRP). 26234618 2 17 theme d-xylose 436:443 arg1 components 422:431 smaller components 414:431 smaller components of d-xylose (11.2%), d-mannose (3.5%), and glucuronic acid (GlcA, ∼2%) 414:502 The sugar composition consists of l-arabinofuranose (l-Araf, 55.2%) and d-galactopyranose (d-Galp 30.1%), with smaller components of d-xylose (11.2%), d-mannose (3.5%), and glucuronic acid (GlcA, ∼2%), the latter linked via a galactosyl residue. 26234618 2 17 theme d-xylose 436:443 arg1 latter 509:514 latter 509:514 latter 509:514 The sugar composition consists of l-arabinofuranose (l-Araf, 55.2%) and d-galactopyranose (d-Galp 30.1%), with smaller components of d-xylose (11.2%), d-mannose (3.5%), and glucuronic acid (GlcA, ∼2%), the latter linked via a galactosyl residue. 26234618 3 18 theme 3-linked 575:582 arg1 some 599:602 some 599:602 some 599:602 Permethylation identified 3-linked Galp residues, some substituted at the 2-position with Galp or Manp, terminal Araf and Xylp, and an internal 3-substituted Araf. 26234618 3 18 theme 3-linked 575:582 arg1 residues 589:596 3-linked Galp residues 575:596 3-linked Galp residues 575:596 Permethylation identified 3-linked Galp residues, some substituted at the 2-position with Galp or Manp, terminal Araf and Xylp, and an internal 3-substituted Araf. 26234618 5 19 contain has 891:893 arg1 FGP 887:889 the FGP 883:889 the FGP 883:889 Diffusion-ordered NMR showed that the FGP has a molecular weight of 1-10 MDa. 26234618 5 19 contain has 891:893 arg2 weight 907:912 a molecular weight 895:912 a molecular weight of 1-10 MDa 895:924 Diffusion-ordered NMR showed that the FGP has a molecular weight of 1-10 MDa. 26234618 2 20 theme galactosyl 529:538 arg1 residue 540:546 a galactosyl residue 527:546 a galactosyl residue 527:546 The sugar composition consists of l-arabinofuranose (l-Araf, 55.2%) and d-galactopyranose (d-Galp 30.1%), with smaller components of d-xylose (11.2%), d-mannose (3.5%), and glucuronic acid (GlcA, ∼2%), the latter linked via a galactosyl residue. 26234618 7 21 dep solutions 1056:1064 arg1 emulsifiers 1096:1106 excellent emulsifiers 1086:1106 excellent emulsifiers of flavoring oils (grapefruit, clove, and lemongrass) 1086:1160 FGP forms stable gels at >15% w/v and at 1-12% solutions are viscous and are excellent emulsifiers of flavoring oils (grapefruit, clove, and lemongrass), giving stable emulsions for ≥72 h. Lower concentrations (0.1% w/v) were less viscous, yet still gave stable grapefruit oil/water emulsions. 26234618 7 21 dep solutions 1056:1064 arg1 viscous 1070:1076 viscous 1070:1076 viscous 1070:1076 FGP forms stable gels at >15% w/v and at 1-12% solutions are viscous and are excellent emulsifiers of flavoring oils (grapefruit, clove, and lemongrass), giving stable emulsions for ≥72 h. Lower concentrations (0.1% w/v) were less viscous, yet still gave stable grapefruit oil/water emulsions. 26234618 1 22 theme new 151:153 arg1 arabinogalactan 155:169 A new arabinogalactan 149:169 A new arabinogalactan 149:169 A new arabinogalactan is described that is produced in large quantity from the cut stems of the North American grape species Vitis riparia (Frost grape). 26234618 0 23 theme Grape 6:10 arg1 Polysaccharide 12:25 Frost Grape Polysaccharide 0:25 Frost Grape Polysaccharide (FGP) 0:31 Frost Grape Polysaccharide (FGP), an Emulsion-Forming Arabinogalactan Gum from the Stems of Native North American Grape Species Vitis riparia Michx. 26234618 0 23 theme Grape 6:10 arg1 Gum 70:72 an Emulsion-Forming Arabinogalactan Gum 34:72 an Emulsion-Forming Arabinogalactan Gum from the Stems of Native North American Grape Species Vitis riparia Michx 34:146 Frost Grape Polysaccharide (FGP), an Emulsion-Forming Arabinogalactan Gum from the Stems of Native North American Grape Species Vitis riparia Michx. 26234618 0 23 theme Grape 6:10 arg1 FGP 28:30 FGP 28:30 FGP 28:30 Frost Grape Polysaccharide (FGP), an Emulsion-Forming Arabinogalactan Gum from the Stems of Native North American Grape Species Vitis riparia Michx. 26234618 3 24 theme Galp 584:587 arg1 some 599:602 some 599:602 some 599:602 Permethylation identified 3-linked Galp residues, some substituted at the 2-position with Galp or Manp, terminal Araf and Xylp, and an internal 3-substituted Araf. 26234618 3 24 theme Galp 584:587 arg1 residues 589:596 3-linked Galp residues 575:596 3-linked Galp residues 575:596 Permethylation identified 3-linked Galp residues, some substituted at the 2-position with Galp or Manp, terminal Araf and Xylp, and an internal 3-substituted Araf. 26234618 7 25 theme 1-12 1050:1053 arg1 % 1054:1054 % 1054:1054 % 1054:1054 FGP forms stable gels at >15% w/v and at 1-12% solutions are viscous and are excellent emulsifiers of flavoring oils (grapefruit, clove, and lemongrass), giving stable emulsions for ≥72 h. Lower concentrations (0.1% w/v) were less viscous, yet still gave stable grapefruit oil/water emulsions. 26234618 7 26 theme excellent 1086:1094 arg1 emulsifiers 1096:1106 excellent emulsifiers 1086:1106 excellent emulsifiers of flavoring oils (grapefruit, clove, and lemongrass) 1086:1160 FGP forms stable gels at >15% w/v and at 1-12% solutions are viscous and are excellent emulsifiers of flavoring oils (grapefruit, clove, and lemongrass), giving stable emulsions for ≥72 h. Lower concentrations (0.1% w/v) were less viscous, yet still gave stable grapefruit oil/water emulsions. 26234618 0 27 theme Frost 0:4 arg1 Polysaccharide 12:25 Frost Grape Polysaccharide 0:25 Frost Grape Polysaccharide (FGP) 0:31 Frost Grape Polysaccharide (FGP), an Emulsion-Forming Arabinogalactan Gum from the Stems of Native North American Grape Species Vitis riparia Michx. 26234618 0 27 theme Frost 0:4 arg1 Gum 70:72 an Emulsion-Forming Arabinogalactan Gum 34:72 an Emulsion-Forming Arabinogalactan Gum from the Stems of Native North American Grape Species Vitis riparia Michx 34:146 Frost Grape Polysaccharide (FGP), an Emulsion-Forming Arabinogalactan Gum from the Stems of Native North American Grape Species Vitis riparia Michx. 26234618 0 27 theme Frost 0:4 arg1 FGP 28:30 FGP 28:30 FGP 28:30 Frost Grape Polysaccharide (FGP), an Emulsion-Forming Arabinogalactan Gum from the Stems of Native North American Grape Species Vitis riparia Michx. 26234618 7 28 theme stable 1170:1175 arg1 emulsions 1177:1185 stable emulsions 1170:1185 stable emulsions 1170:1185 FGP forms stable gels at >15% w/v and at 1-12% solutions are viscous and are excellent emulsifiers of flavoring oils (grapefruit, clove, and lemongrass), giving stable emulsions for ≥72 h. Lower concentrations (0.1% w/v) were less viscous, yet still gave stable grapefruit oil/water emulsions. 26234618 7 29 theme grapefruit 1271:1280 arg1 emulsions 1292:1300 stable grapefruit oil/water emulsions 1264:1300 stable grapefruit oil/water emulsions 1264:1300 FGP forms stable gels at >15% w/v and at 1-12% solutions are viscous and are excellent emulsifiers of flavoring oils (grapefruit, clove, and lemongrass), giving stable emulsions for ≥72 h. Lower concentrations (0.1% w/v) were less viscous, yet still gave stable grapefruit oil/water emulsions. 26234618 2 30 attach linked 516:521 arg3 residue 540:546 a galactosyl residue 527:546 a galactosyl residue 527:546 The sugar composition consists of l-arabinofuranose (l-Araf, 55.2%) and d-galactopyranose (d-Galp 30.1%), with smaller components of d-xylose (11.2%), d-mannose (3.5%), and glucuronic acid (GlcA, ∼2%), the latter linked via a galactosyl residue. 26234618 0 31 theme American 105:112 arg1 Michx 142:146 Native North American Grape Species Vitis riparia Michx 92:146 Native North American Grape Species Vitis riparia Michx 92:146 Frost Grape Polysaccharide (FGP), an Emulsion-Forming Arabinogalactan Gum from the Stems of Native North American Grape Species Vitis riparia Michx. 26234618 7 32 dep oils 1121:1124 arg1 grapefruit 1127:1136 grapefruit 1127:1136 grapefruit 1127:1136 FGP forms stable gels at >15% w/v and at 1-12% solutions are viscous and are excellent emulsifiers of flavoring oils (grapefruit, clove, and lemongrass), giving stable emulsions for ≥72 h. Lower concentrations (0.1% w/v) were less viscous, yet still gave stable grapefruit oil/water emulsions. 26234618 7 32 dep oils 1121:1124 arg1 oils 1121:1124 flavoring oils 1111:1124 flavoring oils (grapefruit, clove, and lemongrass) 1111:1160 FGP forms stable gels at >15% w/v and at 1-12% solutions are viscous and are excellent emulsifiers of flavoring oils (grapefruit, clove, and lemongrass), giving stable emulsions for ≥72 h. Lower concentrations (0.1% w/v) were less viscous, yet still gave stable grapefruit oil/water emulsions. 26234618 7 32 dep oils 1121:1124 arg1 clove 1139:1143 clove 1139:1143 clove 1139:1143 FGP forms stable gels at >15% w/v and at 1-12% solutions are viscous and are excellent emulsifiers of flavoring oils (grapefruit, clove, and lemongrass), giving stable emulsions for ≥72 h. Lower concentrations (0.1% w/v) were less viscous, yet still gave stable grapefruit oil/water emulsions. 26234618 7 32 dep oils 1121:1124 arg1 lemongrass 1150:1159 lemongrass 1150:1159 lemongrass 1150:1159 FGP forms stable gels at >15% w/v and at 1-12% solutions are viscous and are excellent emulsifiers of flavoring oils (grapefruit, clove, and lemongrass), giving stable emulsions for ≥72 h. Lower concentrations (0.1% w/v) were less viscous, yet still gave stable grapefruit oil/water emulsions. 26234618 1 33 theme American 251:258 arg1 species 266:272 North American grape species 245:272 the North American grape species Vitis riparia (Frost grape) 241:300 A new arabinogalactan is described that is produced in large quantity from the cut stems of the North American grape species Vitis riparia (Frost grape). 26234618 2 34 theme d-mannose 454:462 arg1 components 422:431 smaller components 414:431 smaller components of d-xylose (11.2%), d-mannose (3.5%), and glucuronic acid (GlcA, ∼2%) 414:502 The sugar composition consists of l-arabinofuranose (l-Araf, 55.2%) and d-galactopyranose (d-Galp 30.1%), with smaller components of d-xylose (11.2%), d-mannose (3.5%), and glucuronic acid (GlcA, ∼2%), the latter linked via a galactosyl residue. 26234618 2 34 theme d-mannose 454:462 arg1 latter 509:514 latter 509:514 latter 509:514 The sugar composition consists of l-arabinofuranose (l-Araf, 55.2%) and d-galactopyranose (d-Galp 30.1%), with smaller components of d-xylose (11.2%), d-mannose (3.5%), and glucuronic acid (GlcA, ∼2%), the latter linked via a galactosyl residue. 26234618 7 35 theme stable 1264:1269 arg1 emulsions 1292:1300 stable grapefruit oil/water emulsions 1264:1300 stable grapefruit oil/water emulsions 1264:1300 FGP forms stable gels at >15% w/v and at 1-12% solutions are viscous and are excellent emulsifiers of flavoring oils (grapefruit, clove, and lemongrass), giving stable emulsions for ≥72 h. Lower concentrations (0.1% w/v) were less viscous, yet still gave stable grapefruit oil/water emulsions. 26234618 8 36 with arabinogalactan 1331:1345 arg1 potential 1352:1360 potential 1352:1360 potential as a gum arabic replacement in the food and beverage industries 1352:1424 Hence, FGP is a β1,3-linked arabinogalactan with potential as a gum arabic replacement in the food and beverage industries. 26234618 8 37 from replacement 1378:1388 arg1 industries 1415:1424 the food and beverage industries 1393:1424 the food and beverage industries 1393:1424 Hence, FGP is a β1,3-linked arabinogalactan with potential as a gum arabic replacement in the food and beverage industries. 26234618 4 38 theme Araf-α1,3-Araf-α1,2-Araf-α1,2-Galp 796:829 arg1 motif 842:846 an Araf-α1,3-Araf-α1,2-Araf-α1,2-Galp structural motif 793:846 an Araf-α1,3-Araf-α1,2-Araf-α1,2-Galp structural motif 793:846 NMR (HSQC, TOCSY, HMBC, DOSY) identified βGalp and three αAraf spin systems, in an Araf-α1,3-Araf-α1,2-Araf-α1,2-Galp structural motif. 26234618 1 39 theme grape 260:264 arg1 species 266:272 North American grape species 245:272 the North American grape species Vitis riparia (Frost grape) 241:300 A new arabinogalactan is described that is produced in large quantity from the cut stems of the North American grape species Vitis riparia (Frost grape). 26234618 0 40 theme Species 120:126 arg1 Michx 142:146 Native North American Grape Species Vitis riparia Michx 92:146 Native North American Grape Species Vitis riparia Michx 92:146 Frost Grape Polysaccharide (FGP), an Emulsion-Forming Arabinogalactan Gum from the Stems of Native North American Grape Species Vitis riparia Michx. 26234618 5 41 theme molecular 897:905 arg1 weight 907:912 a molecular weight 895:912 a molecular weight of 1-10 MDa 895:924 Diffusion-ordered NMR showed that the FGP has a molecular weight of 1-10 MDa. 26234618 7 42 dep h. 1195:1196 arg1 gave 1259:1262 gave 1259:1262 gave stable grapefruit oil/water emulsions 1259:1300 FGP forms stable gels at >15% w/v and at 1-12% solutions are viscous and are excellent emulsifiers of flavoring oils (grapefruit, clove, and lemongrass), giving stable emulsions for ≥72 h. Lower concentrations (0.1% w/v) were less viscous, yet still gave stable grapefruit oil/water emulsions. 26234618 7 42 dep h. 1195:1196 arg1 viscous 1240:1246 viscous 1240:1246 viscous 1240:1246 FGP forms stable gels at >15% w/v and at 1-12% solutions are viscous and are excellent emulsifiers of flavoring oils (grapefruit, clove, and lemongrass), giving stable emulsions for ≥72 h. Lower concentrations (0.1% w/v) were less viscous, yet still gave stable grapefruit oil/water emulsions. 26234618 1 43 theme species 266:272 arg1 riparia 280:286 the North American grape species Vitis riparia 241:286 the North American grape species Vitis riparia (Frost grape) 241:300 A new arabinogalactan is described that is produced in large quantity from the cut stems of the North American grape species Vitis riparia (Frost grape). 26234618 1 43 theme species 266:272 arg1 grape 295:299 Frost grape 289:299 Frost grape 289:299 A new arabinogalactan is described that is produced in large quantity from the cut stems of the North American grape species Vitis riparia (Frost grape). 26234618 0 44 theme Grape 114:118 arg1 Michx 142:146 Native North American Grape Species Vitis riparia Michx 92:146 Native North American Grape Species Vitis riparia Michx 92:146 Frost Grape Polysaccharide (FGP), an Emulsion-Forming Arabinogalactan Gum from the Stems of Native North American Grape Species Vitis riparia Michx. 26234618 5 45 theme Diffusion-ordered 849:865 arg1 NMR 867:869 Diffusion-ordered NMR 849:869 Diffusion-ordered NMR 849:869 Diffusion-ordered NMR showed that the FGP has a molecular weight of 1-10 MDa. 26234618 4 46 dep NMR 713:715 arg1 DOSY 737:740 DOSY 737:740 DOSY 737:740 NMR (HSQC, TOCSY, HMBC, DOSY) identified βGalp and three αAraf spin systems, in an Araf-α1,3-Araf-α1,2-Araf-α1,2-Galp structural motif. 26234618 4 46 dep NMR 713:715 arg1 HMBC 731:734 HMBC 731:734 HMBC 731:734 NMR (HSQC, TOCSY, HMBC, DOSY) identified βGalp and three αAraf spin systems, in an Araf-α1,3-Araf-α1,2-Araf-α1,2-Galp structural motif. 26234618 4 46 dep NMR 713:715 arg1 TOCSY 724:728 TOCSY 724:728 TOCSY 724:728 NMR (HSQC, TOCSY, HMBC, DOSY) identified βGalp and three αAraf spin systems, in an Araf-α1,3-Araf-α1,2-Araf-α1,2-Galp structural motif. 26234618 4 46 dep NMR 713:715 arg1 HSQC 718:721 HSQC 718:721 HSQC 718:721 NMR (HSQC, TOCSY, HMBC, DOSY) identified βGalp and three αAraf spin systems, in an Araf-α1,3-Araf-α1,2-Araf-α1,2-Galp structural motif. 26234618 1 47 theme Vitis 274:278 arg1 riparia 280:286 the North American grape species Vitis riparia 241:286 the North American grape species Vitis riparia (Frost grape) 241:300 A new arabinogalactan is described that is produced in large quantity from the cut stems of the North American grape species Vitis riparia (Frost grape). 26234618 1 47 theme Vitis 274:278 arg1 grape 295:299 Frost grape 289:299 Frost grape 289:299 A new arabinogalactan is described that is produced in large quantity from the cut stems of the North American grape species Vitis riparia (Frost grape). 26234618 0 48 theme riparia 134:140 arg1 Michx 142:146 Native North American Grape Species Vitis riparia Michx 92:146 Native North American Grape Species Vitis riparia Michx 92:146 Frost Grape Polysaccharide (FGP), an Emulsion-Forming Arabinogalactan Gum from the Stems of Native North American Grape Species Vitis riparia Michx. 26234618 4 49 theme spin 776:779 arg1 systems 781:787 three αAraf spin systems 764:787 three αAraf spin systems 764:787 NMR (HSQC, TOCSY, HMBC, DOSY) identified βGalp and three αAraf spin systems, in an Araf-α1,3-Araf-α1,2-Araf-α1,2-Galp structural motif. 26234618 7 50 theme Lower 1198:1202 arg1 w/v 1225:1227 0.1% w/v 1220:1227 0.1% w/v 1220:1227 FGP forms stable gels at >15% w/v and at 1-12% solutions are viscous and are excellent emulsifiers of flavoring oils (grapefruit, clove, and lemongrass), giving stable emulsions for ≥72 h. Lower concentrations (0.1% w/v) were less viscous, yet still gave stable grapefruit oil/water emulsions. 26234618 7 50 theme Lower 1198:1202 arg1 concentrations 1204:1217 Lower concentrations 1198:1217 Lower concentrations (0.1% w/v) 1198:1228 FGP forms stable gels at >15% w/v and at 1-12% solutions are viscous and are excellent emulsifiers of flavoring oils (grapefruit, clove, and lemongrass), giving stable emulsions for ≥72 h. Lower concentrations (0.1% w/v) were less viscous, yet still gave stable grapefruit oil/water emulsions. 26234618 7 51 theme % 1054:1054 arg1 solutions 1056:1064 1-12% solutions 1050:1064 1-12% solutions are viscous and are excellent emulsifiers of flavoring oils (grapefruit, clove, and lemongrass) 1050:1160 FGP forms stable gels at >15% w/v and at 1-12% solutions are viscous and are excellent emulsifiers of flavoring oils (grapefruit, clove, and lemongrass), giving stable emulsions for ≥72 h. Lower concentrations (0.1% w/v) were less viscous, yet still gave stable grapefruit oil/water emulsions. 26234618 2 52 dep acid 487:490 arg1 GlcA 493:496 GlcA 493:496 GlcA 493:496 The sugar composition consists of l-arabinofuranose (l-Araf, 55.2%) and d-galactopyranose (d-Galp 30.1%), with smaller components of d-xylose (11.2%), d-mannose (3.5%), and glucuronic acid (GlcA, ∼2%), the latter linked via a galactosyl residue. 26234618 2 52 dep acid 487:490 arg1 % 501:501 ∼2% 499:501 ∼2% 499:501 The sugar composition consists of l-arabinofuranose (l-Araf, 55.2%) and d-galactopyranose (d-Galp 30.1%), with smaller components of d-xylose (11.2%), d-mannose (3.5%), and glucuronic acid (GlcA, ∼2%), the latter linked via a galactosyl residue. 26234618 1 53 theme riparia 280:286 arg1 stems 232:236 the cut stems 224:236 the cut stems of the North American grape species Vitis riparia (Frost grape) 224:300 A new arabinogalactan is described that is produced in large quantity from the cut stems of the North American grape species Vitis riparia (Frost grape). 26234618 0 54 theme Vitis 128:132 arg1 Michx 142:146 Native North American Grape Species Vitis riparia Michx 92:146 Native North American Grape Species Vitis riparia Michx 92:146 Frost Grape Polysaccharide (FGP), an Emulsion-Forming Arabinogalactan Gum from the Stems of Native North American Grape Species Vitis riparia Michx. 26234618 8 55 link β1,3-linked 1319:1329 arg1 FGP 1310:1312 FGP 1310:1312 FGP 1310:1312 Hence, FGP is a β1,3-linked arabinogalactan with potential as a gum arabic replacement in the food and beverage industries. 26234618 8 55 link β1,3-linked 1319:1329 arg1 arabinogalactan 1331:1345 a β1,3-linked arabinogalactan 1317:1345 a β1,3-linked arabinogalactan with potential as a gum arabic replacement in the food and beverage industries 1317:1424 Hence, FGP is a β1,3-linked arabinogalactan with potential as a gum arabic replacement in the food and beverage industries. 26234618 7 56 theme flavoring 1111:1119 arg1 grapefruit 1127:1136 grapefruit 1127:1136 grapefruit 1127:1136 FGP forms stable gels at >15% w/v and at 1-12% solutions are viscous and are excellent emulsifiers of flavoring oils (grapefruit, clove, and lemongrass), giving stable emulsions for ≥72 h. Lower concentrations (0.1% w/v) were less viscous, yet still gave stable grapefruit oil/water emulsions. 26234618 7 56 theme flavoring 1111:1119 arg1 oils 1121:1124 flavoring oils 1111:1124 flavoring oils (grapefruit, clove, and lemongrass) 1111:1160 FGP forms stable gels at >15% w/v and at 1-12% solutions are viscous and are excellent emulsifiers of flavoring oils (grapefruit, clove, and lemongrass), giving stable emulsions for ≥72 h. Lower concentrations (0.1% w/v) were less viscous, yet still gave stable grapefruit oil/water emulsions. 26234618 7 56 theme flavoring 1111:1119 arg1 clove 1139:1143 clove 1139:1143 clove 1139:1143 FGP forms stable gels at >15% w/v and at 1-12% solutions are viscous and are excellent emulsifiers of flavoring oils (grapefruit, clove, and lemongrass), giving stable emulsions for ≥72 h. Lower concentrations (0.1% w/v) were less viscous, yet still gave stable grapefruit oil/water emulsions. 26234618 7 56 theme flavoring 1111:1119 arg1 lemongrass 1150:1159 lemongrass 1150:1159 lemongrass 1150:1159 FGP forms stable gels at >15% w/v and at 1-12% solutions are viscous and are excellent emulsifiers of flavoring oils (grapefruit, clove, and lemongrass), giving stable emulsions for ≥72 h. Lower concentrations (0.1% w/v) were less viscous, yet still gave stable grapefruit oil/water emulsions. 26234618 3 57 theme 3-substituted 693:705 arg1 Araf 707:710 an internal 3-substituted Araf 681:710 an internal 3-substituted Araf 681:710 Permethylation identified 3-linked Galp residues, some substituted at the 2-position with Galp or Manp, terminal Araf and Xylp, and an internal 3-substituted Araf. 26234618 2 58 dep l-arabinofuranose 337:353 arg1 l-Araf 356:361 l-Araf 356:361 l-Araf 356:361 The sugar composition consists of l-arabinofuranose (l-Araf, 55.2%) and d-galactopyranose (d-Galp 30.1%), with smaller components of d-xylose (11.2%), d-mannose (3.5%), and glucuronic acid (GlcA, ∼2%), the latter linked via a galactosyl residue. 26234618 2 58 dep l-arabinofuranose 337:353 arg1 % 368:368 55.2% 364:368 55.2% 364:368 The sugar composition consists of l-arabinofuranose (l-Araf, 55.2%) and d-galactopyranose (d-Galp 30.1%), with smaller components of d-xylose (11.2%), d-mannose (3.5%), and glucuronic acid (GlcA, ∼2%), the latter linked via a galactosyl residue. 26234618 8 59 theme gum 1367:1369 arg1 replacement 1378:1388 a gum arabic replacement 1365:1388 a gum arabic replacement in the food and beverage industries 1365:1424 Hence, FGP is a β1,3-linked arabinogalactan with potential as a gum arabic replacement in the food and beverage industries. 26234618 3 60 theme terminal 653:660 arg1 Araf 662:665 terminal Araf 653:665 terminal Araf 653:665 Permethylation identified 3-linked Galp residues, some substituted at the 2-position with Galp or Manp, terminal Araf and Xylp, and an internal 3-substituted Araf. 26234618 0 61 theme Michx 142:146 arg1 Stems 83:87 the Stems 79:87 the Stems of Native North American Grape Species Vitis riparia Michx 79:146 Frost Grape Polysaccharide (FGP), an Emulsion-Forming Arabinogalactan Gum from the Stems of Native North American Grape Species Vitis riparia Michx. 26234618 0 62 from Stems 83:87 arg1 Gum 70:72 an Emulsion-Forming Arabinogalactan Gum 34:72 an Emulsion-Forming Arabinogalactan Gum from the Stems of Native North American Grape Species Vitis riparia Michx 34:146 Frost Grape Polysaccharide (FGP), an Emulsion-Forming Arabinogalactan Gum from the Stems of Native North American Grape Species Vitis riparia Michx. 26234618 0 62 from Stems 83:87 arg1 Polysaccharide 12:25 Frost Grape Polysaccharide 0:25 Frost Grape Polysaccharide (FGP) 0:31 Frost Grape Polysaccharide (FGP), an Emulsion-Forming Arabinogalactan Gum from the Stems of Native North American Grape Species Vitis riparia Michx. 26234618 6 63 theme gum 934:936 arg1 arabic 938:943 gum arabic 934:943 gum arabic 934:943 Unlike gum arabic, the FGP does not contain a hydroxyproline-rich protein (HPRP). 26234618 8 64 theme food 1397:1400 arg1 industries 1415:1424 the food and beverage industries 1393:1424 the food and beverage industries 1393:1424 Hence, FGP is a β1,3-linked arabinogalactan with potential as a gum arabic replacement in the food and beverage industries. 26234618 1 65 theme large 204:208 arg1 quantity 210:217 large quantity 204:217 large quantity 204:217 A new arabinogalactan is described that is produced in large quantity from the cut stems of the North American grape species Vitis riparia (Frost grape). 26234618 0 66 theme Arabinogalactan 54:68 arg1 Gum 70:72 an Emulsion-Forming Arabinogalactan Gum 34:72 an Emulsion-Forming Arabinogalactan Gum from the Stems of Native North American Grape Species Vitis riparia Michx 34:146 Frost Grape Polysaccharide (FGP), an Emulsion-Forming Arabinogalactan Gum from the Stems of Native North American Grape Species Vitis riparia Michx. 26234618 0 66 theme Arabinogalactan 54:68 arg1 Polysaccharide 12:25 Frost Grape Polysaccharide 0:25 Frost Grape Polysaccharide (FGP) 0:31 Frost Grape Polysaccharide (FGP), an Emulsion-Forming Arabinogalactan Gum from the Stems of Native North American Grape Species Vitis riparia Michx. 26234618 7 67 theme oils 1121:1124 arg1 emulsifiers 1096:1106 excellent emulsifiers 1086:1106 excellent emulsifiers of flavoring oils (grapefruit, clove, and lemongrass) 1086:1160 FGP forms stable gels at >15% w/v and at 1-12% solutions are viscous and are excellent emulsifiers of flavoring oils (grapefruit, clove, and lemongrass), giving stable emulsions for ≥72 h. Lower concentrations (0.1% w/v) were less viscous, yet still gave stable grapefruit oil/water emulsions. 26234618 8 68 theme beverage 1406:1413 arg1 industries 1415:1424 the food and beverage industries 1393:1424 the food and beverage industries 1393:1424 Hence, FGP is a β1,3-linked arabinogalactan with potential as a gum arabic replacement in the food and beverage industries. 26234618 3 69 theme internal 684:691 arg1 Araf 707:710 an internal 3-substituted Araf 681:710 an internal 3-substituted Araf 681:710 Permethylation identified 3-linked Galp residues, some substituted at the 2-position with Galp or Manp, terminal Araf and Xylp, and an internal 3-substituted Araf. 26234618 0 70 theme Emulsion-Forming 37:52 arg1 Gum 70:72 an Emulsion-Forming Arabinogalactan Gum 34:72 an Emulsion-Forming Arabinogalactan Gum from the Stems of Native North American Grape Species Vitis riparia Michx 34:146 Frost Grape Polysaccharide (FGP), an Emulsion-Forming Arabinogalactan Gum from the Stems of Native North American Grape Species Vitis riparia Michx. 26234618 0 70 theme Emulsion-Forming 37:52 arg1 Polysaccharide 12:25 Frost Grape Polysaccharide 0:25 Frost Grape Polysaccharide (FGP) 0:31 Frost Grape Polysaccharide (FGP), an Emulsion-Forming Arabinogalactan Gum from the Stems of Native North American Grape Species Vitis riparia Michx. 26234618 1 71 theme Frost 289:293 arg1 riparia 280:286 the North American grape species Vitis riparia 241:286 the North American grape species Vitis riparia (Frost grape) 241:300 A new arabinogalactan is described that is produced in large quantity from the cut stems of the North American grape species Vitis riparia (Frost grape). 26234618 1 71 theme Frost 289:293 arg1 grape 295:299 Frost grape 289:299 Frost grape 289:299 A new arabinogalactan is described that is produced in large quantity from the cut stems of the North American grape species Vitis riparia (Frost grape). 26234618 8 72 theme β1,3-linked 1319:1329 arg1 FGP 1310:1312 FGP 1310:1312 FGP 1310:1312 Hence, FGP is a β1,3-linked arabinogalactan with potential as a gum arabic replacement in the food and beverage industries. 26234618 8 72 theme β1,3-linked 1319:1329 arg1 arabinogalactan 1331:1345 a β1,3-linked arabinogalactan 1317:1345 a β1,3-linked arabinogalactan with potential as a gum arabic replacement in the food and beverage industries 1317:1424 Hence, FGP is a β1,3-linked arabinogalactan with potential as a gum arabic replacement in the food and beverage industries. 26234618 2 73 theme d-Galp 394:399 arg1 % 405:405 d-Galp 30.1% 394:405 d-Galp 30.1% 394:405 The sugar composition consists of l-arabinofuranose (l-Araf, 55.2%) and d-galactopyranose (d-Galp 30.1%), with smaller components of d-xylose (11.2%), d-mannose (3.5%), and glucuronic acid (GlcA, ∼2%), the latter linked via a galactosyl residue. 26234618 2 73 theme d-Galp 394:399 arg1 d-galactopyranose 375:391 d-galactopyranose 375:391 d-galactopyranose (d-Galp 30.1%) 375:406 The sugar composition consists of l-arabinofuranose (l-Araf, 55.2%) and d-galactopyranose (d-Galp 30.1%), with smaller components of d-xylose (11.2%), d-mannose (3.5%), and glucuronic acid (GlcA, ∼2%), the latter linked via a galactosyl residue. 26234618 8 74 theme arabic 1371:1376 arg1 replacement 1378:1388 a gum arabic replacement 1365:1388 a gum arabic replacement in the food and beverage industries 1365:1424 Hence, FGP is a β1,3-linked arabinogalactan with potential as a gum arabic replacement in the food and beverage industries. 26234618 4 75 theme αAraf 770:774 arg1 systems 781:787 three αAraf spin systems 764:787 three αAraf spin systems 764:787 NMR (HSQC, TOCSY, HMBC, DOSY) identified βGalp and three αAraf spin systems, in an Araf-α1,3-Araf-α1,2-Araf-α1,2-Galp structural motif. 25665073 4 0 theme 400-800 829:835 arg1 nm 837:838 nm 837:838 nm 837:838 Also, transparency (∼70-90% in the range 400-800 nm) is achieved by suppressing aggregation and carefully controlling the mixing conditions: Chitosan dissolves in aqueous medium at low pH and under these conditions the CNF/chitosan mixtures form easily processable hydrogels. 25665073 2 1 theme viable 352:357 arg1 hydrophobization 331:346 surface hydrophobization 323:346 surface hydrophobization 323:346 As such, permanent covalent cross-linking or surface hydrophobization are viable approaches, however, the former may hamper processability and the latter may have adverse effect on interfibrillar bonding and resulting material strength. 25665073 2 1 theme viable 352:357 arg1 approaches 359:368 viable approaches 352:368 viable approaches 352:368 As such, permanent covalent cross-linking or surface hydrophobization are viable approaches, however, the former may hamper processability and the latter may have adverse effect on interfibrillar bonding and resulting material strength. 25665073 2 1 theme viable 352:357 arg1 cross-linking 306:318 permanent covalent cross-linking 287:318 permanent covalent cross-linking 287:318 As such, permanent covalent cross-linking or surface hydrophobization are viable approaches, however, the former may hamper processability and the latter may have adverse effect on interfibrillar bonding and resulting material strength. 25665073 7 2 theme air 1661:1663 arg1 humidity 1674:1681 50% air relative humidity 1657:1681 50% air relative humidity 1657:1681 More dry films of similar composition display strength of 200 MPa with maximum strain of 8% at 50% air relative humidity. 25665073 2 3 contain have 436:439 arg1 latter 425:430 latter 425:430 latter 425:430 As such, permanent covalent cross-linking or surface hydrophobization are viable approaches, however, the former may hamper processability and the latter may have adverse effect on interfibrillar bonding and resulting material strength. 25665073 2 3 contain have 436:439 arg2 effect 449:454 adverse effect 441:454 adverse effect 441:454 As such, permanent covalent cross-linking or surface hydrophobization are viable approaches, however, the former may hamper processability and the latter may have adverse effect on interfibrillar bonding and resulting material strength. 25665073 1 4 theme wet 262:264 arg1 conditions 266:275 hydrated or even fully wet conditions 239:275 hydrated or even fully wet conditions 239:275 One of the major, but often overlooked, challenges toward high end applications of nanocelluloses is to maintain their high mechanical properties under hydrated or even fully wet conditions. 25665073 7 5 theme 50 1657:1658 arg1 % 1659:1659 % 1659:1659 % 1659:1659 More dry films of similar composition display strength of 200 MPa with maximum strain of 8% at 50% air relative humidity. 25665073 6 6 with MPa 1424:1426 arg1 strain 1456:1461 corresponding maximum strain 1434:1461 corresponding maximum strain of 28% 1434:1468 Wet water-soaked films of CNF/chitosan 80/20 w/w show excellent mechanical properties, with an ultimate wet strength of 100 MPa (with corresponding maximum strain of 28%) and a tensile modulus of 4 and 14 GPa at low (0.5%) and large (16%) strains, respectively. 25665073 0 7 theme Water-resistant 0:14 arg1 hybrid 29:34 Water-resistant, transparent hybrid 0:34 Water-resistant, transparent hybrid 0:34 Water-resistant, transparent hybrid nanopaper by physical cross-linking with chitosan. 25665073 6 8 theme modulus 1485:1491 arg1 strength 1408:1415 an ultimate wet strength 1392:1415 an ultimate wet strength of 100 MPa (with corresponding maximum strain of 28%) and a tensile modulus of 4 and 14 GPa at low (0.5%) and large (16%) strains, respectively 1392:1559 Wet water-soaked films of CNF/chitosan 80/20 w/w show excellent mechanical properties, with an ultimate wet strength of 100 MPa (with corresponding maximum strain of 28%) and a tensile modulus of 4 and 14 GPa at low (0.5%) and large (16%) strains, respectively. 25665073 7 9 theme % 1652:1652 arg1 strain 1641:1646 maximum strain 1633:1646 maximum strain of 8% at 50% air relative humidity 1633:1681 More dry films of similar composition display strength of 200 MPa with maximum strain of 8% at 50% air relative humidity. 25665073 3 10 theme films 731:735 arg1 preparation 716:726 the aqueous preparation 704:726 the aqueous preparation of films showing high mechanical strength in the wet state 704:785 Here we show a concept based on physical cross-linking of cellulose nanofibers (CNF, also denoted as microfibrillated cellulose, MFC, and, nanofibrillated cellulose, NFC) with chitosan for the aqueous preparation of films showing high mechanical strength in the wet state. 25665073 2 11 theme covalent 297:304 arg1 hydrophobization 331:346 surface hydrophobization 323:346 surface hydrophobization 323:346 As such, permanent covalent cross-linking or surface hydrophobization are viable approaches, however, the former may hamper processability and the latter may have adverse effect on interfibrillar bonding and resulting material strength. 25665073 2 11 theme covalent 297:304 arg1 approaches 359:368 viable approaches 352:368 viable approaches 352:368 As such, permanent covalent cross-linking or surface hydrophobization are viable approaches, however, the former may hamper processability and the latter may have adverse effect on interfibrillar bonding and resulting material strength. 25665073 2 11 theme covalent 297:304 arg1 cross-linking 306:318 permanent covalent cross-linking 287:318 permanent covalent cross-linking 287:318 As such, permanent covalent cross-linking or surface hydrophobization are viable approaches, however, the former may hamper processability and the latter may have adverse effect on interfibrillar bonding and resulting material strength. 25665073 6 12 theme water-soaked 1304:1315 arg1 films 1317:1321 Wet water-soaked films 1300:1321 Wet water-soaked films of CNF/chitosan 80/20 w/w 1300:1347 Wet water-soaked films of CNF/chitosan 80/20 w/w show excellent mechanical properties, with an ultimate wet strength of 100 MPa (with corresponding maximum strain of 28%) and a tensile modulus of 4 and 14 GPa at low (0.5%) and large (16%) strains, respectively. 25665073 6 13 from strength 1408:1415 arg1 strains 1539:1545 low (0.5%) and large (16%) strains 1512:1545 low (0.5%) and large (16%) strains 1512:1545 Wet water-soaked films of CNF/chitosan 80/20 w/w show excellent mechanical properties, with an ultimate wet strength of 100 MPa (with corresponding maximum strain of 28%) and a tensile modulus of 4 and 14 GPa at low (0.5%) and large (16%) strains, respectively. 25665073 4 14 dep transparency 794:805 arg1 % 814:814 ∼70-90% 808:814 ∼70-90% 808:814 Also, transparency (∼70-90% in the range 400-800 nm) is achieved by suppressing aggregation and carefully controlling the mixing conditions: Chitosan dissolves in aqueous medium at low pH and under these conditions the CNF/chitosan mixtures form easily processable hydrogels. 25665073 1 15 theme high 206:209 arg1 properties 222:231 their high mechanical properties 200:231 their high mechanical properties 200:231 One of the major, but often overlooked, challenges toward high end applications of nanocelluloses is to maintain their high mechanical properties under hydrated or even fully wet conditions. 25665073 3 16 theme high 745:748 arg1 strength 761:768 high mechanical strength 745:768 high mechanical strength in the wet state 745:785 Here we show a concept based on physical cross-linking of cellulose nanofibers (CNF, also denoted as microfibrillated cellulose, MFC, and, nanofibrillated cellulose, NFC) with chitosan for the aqueous preparation of films showing high mechanical strength in the wet state. 25665073 8 17 theme material 1764:1771 arg1 utilization 1773:1783 CNF-based material utilization 1754:1783 CNF-based material utilization 1754:1783 We expect that the proposed, simple concept opens new pathways toward CNF-based material utilization in wet or humid conditions, which has still remained a challenge. 25665073 3 18 theme microfibrillated 616:631 arg1 cellulose 633:641 microfibrillated cellulose 616:641 microfibrillated cellulose 616:641 Here we show a concept based on physical cross-linking of cellulose nanofibers (CNF, also denoted as microfibrillated cellulose, MFC, and, nanofibrillated cellulose, NFC) with chitosan for the aqueous preparation of films showing high mechanical strength in the wet state. 25665073 7 19 theme maximum 1633:1639 arg1 strain 1641:1646 maximum strain 1633:1646 maximum strain of 8% at 50% air relative humidity 1633:1681 More dry films of similar composition display strength of 200 MPa with maximum strain of 8% at 50% air relative humidity. 25665073 6 20 theme mechanical 1364:1373 arg1 properties 1375:1384 excellent mechanical properties 1354:1384 excellent mechanical properties 1354:1384 Wet water-soaked films of CNF/chitosan 80/20 w/w show excellent mechanical properties, with an ultimate wet strength of 100 MPa (with corresponding maximum strain of 28%) and a tensile modulus of 4 and 14 GPa at low (0.5%) and large (16%) strains, respectively. 25665073 2 21 theme resulting 486:494 arg1 strength 505:512 resulting material strength 486:512 resulting material strength 486:512 As such, permanent covalent cross-linking or surface hydrophobization are viable approaches, however, the former may hamper processability and the latter may have adverse effect on interfibrillar bonding and resulting material strength. 25665073 1 22 theme end 150:152 arg1 applications 154:165 high end applications 145:165 high end applications of nanocelluloses 145:183 One of the major, but often overlooked, challenges toward high end applications of nanocelluloses is to maintain their high mechanical properties under hydrated or even fully wet conditions. 25665073 7 23 theme composition 1588:1598 arg1 films 1571:1575 More dry films 1562:1575 More dry films of similar composition 1562:1598 More dry films of similar composition display strength of 200 MPa with maximum strain of 8% at 50% air relative humidity. 25665073 4 24 theme mixing 910:915 arg1 conditions 917:926 the mixing conditions 906:926 the mixing conditions: Chitosan dissolves in aqueous medium at low pH and under these conditions the CNF/chitosan mixtures form easily processable hydrogels 906:1061 Also, transparency (∼70-90% in the range 400-800 nm) is achieved by suppressing aggregation and carefully controlling the mixing conditions: Chitosan dissolves in aqueous medium at low pH and under these conditions the CNF/chitosan mixtures form easily processable hydrogels. 25665073 3 25 from strength 761:768 arg1 state 781:785 the wet state 773:785 the wet state 773:785 Here we show a concept based on physical cross-linking of cellulose nanofibers (CNF, also denoted as microfibrillated cellulose, MFC, and, nanofibrillated cellulose, NFC) with chitosan for the aqueous preparation of films showing high mechanical strength in the wet state. 25665073 6 26 theme 80/20 1339:1343 arg1 w/w 1345:1347 CNF/chitosan 80/20 w/w 1326:1347 CNF/chitosan 80/20 w/w 1326:1347 Wet water-soaked films of CNF/chitosan 80/20 w/w show excellent mechanical properties, with an ultimate wet strength of 100 MPa (with corresponding maximum strain of 28%) and a tensile modulus of 4 and 14 GPa at low (0.5%) and large (16%) strains, respectively. 25665073 5 27 dep increase 1122:1129 arg1 i.e. 1113:1116 i.e. 1113:1116 i.e. 1113:1116 A simple change in the environmental conditions (i.e., an increase of pH) reduces hydration of chitosan promoting multivalent physical interactions between CNF and chitosan over those with water, resulting effectively in cross-linking. 25665073 4 28 from % 814:814 arg1 range 823:827 the range 819:827 the range 400-800 nm 819:838 Also, transparency (∼70-90% in the range 400-800 nm) is achieved by suppressing aggregation and carefully controlling the mixing conditions: Chitosan dissolves in aqueous medium at low pH and under these conditions the CNF/chitosan mixtures form easily processable hydrogels. 25665073 7 29 theme dry 1567:1569 arg1 films 1571:1575 More dry films 1562:1575 More dry films of similar composition 1562:1598 More dry films of similar composition display strength of 200 MPa with maximum strain of 8% at 50% air relative humidity. 25665073 7 30 from humidity 1674:1681 arg1 strain 1641:1646 maximum strain 1633:1646 maximum strain of 8% at 50% air relative humidity 1633:1681 More dry films of similar composition display strength of 200 MPa with maximum strain of 8% at 50% air relative humidity. 25665073 7 30 from humidity 1674:1681 arg1 % 1652:1652 8% 1651:1652 8% at 50% air relative humidity 1651:1681 More dry films of similar composition display strength of 200 MPa with maximum strain of 8% at 50% air relative humidity. 25665073 2 31 theme adverse 441:447 arg1 effect 449:454 adverse effect 441:454 adverse effect 441:454 As such, permanent covalent cross-linking or surface hydrophobization are viable approaches, however, the former may hamper processability and the latter may have adverse effect on interfibrillar bonding and resulting material strength. 25665073 3 32 with cross-linking 556:568 arg1 chitosan 691:698 chitosan 691:698 chitosan 691:698 Here we show a concept based on physical cross-linking of cellulose nanofibers (CNF, also denoted as microfibrillated cellulose, MFC, and, nanofibrillated cellulose, NFC) with chitosan for the aqueous preparation of films showing high mechanical strength in the wet state. 25665073 8 33 theme proposed 1703:1710 arg1 concept 1720:1726 the proposed, simple concept 1699:1726 concept 1720:1726 We expect that the proposed, simple concept opens new pathways toward CNF-based material utilization in wet or humid conditions, which has still remained a challenge. 25665073 6 34 theme wet 1404:1406 arg1 strength 1408:1415 an ultimate wet strength 1392:1415 an ultimate wet strength of 100 MPa (with corresponding maximum strain of 28%) and a tensile modulus of 4 and 14 GPa at low (0.5%) and large (16%) strains, respectively 1392:1559 Wet water-soaked films of CNF/chitosan 80/20 w/w show excellent mechanical properties, with an ultimate wet strength of 100 MPa (with corresponding maximum strain of 28%) and a tensile modulus of 4 and 14 GPa at low (0.5%) and large (16%) strains, respectively. 25665073 0 35 theme physical 49:56 arg1 cross-linking 58:70 physical cross-linking 49:70 physical cross-linking with chitosan 49:84 Water-resistant, transparent hybrid nanopaper by physical cross-linking with chitosan. 25665073 8 36 theme new 1734:1736 arg1 pathways 1738:1745 new pathways 1734:1745 new pathways 1734:1745 We expect that the proposed, simple concept opens new pathways toward CNF-based material utilization in wet or humid conditions, which has still remained a challenge. 25665073 4 37 theme processable 1041:1051 arg1 hydrogels 1053:1061 easily processable hydrogels 1034:1061 easily processable hydrogels 1034:1061 Also, transparency (∼70-90% in the range 400-800 nm) is achieved by suppressing aggregation and carefully controlling the mixing conditions: Chitosan dissolves in aqueous medium at low pH and under these conditions the CNF/chitosan mixtures form easily processable hydrogels. 25665073 2 38 theme surface 323:329 arg1 hydrophobization 331:346 surface hydrophobization 323:346 surface hydrophobization 323:346 As such, permanent covalent cross-linking or surface hydrophobization are viable approaches, however, the former may hamper processability and the latter may have adverse effect on interfibrillar bonding and resulting material strength. 25665073 2 38 theme surface 323:329 arg1 approaches 359:368 viable approaches 352:368 viable approaches 352:368 As such, permanent covalent cross-linking or surface hydrophobization are viable approaches, however, the former may hamper processability and the latter may have adverse effect on interfibrillar bonding and resulting material strength. 25665073 2 38 theme surface 323:329 arg1 cross-linking 306:318 permanent covalent cross-linking 287:318 permanent covalent cross-linking 287:318 As such, permanent covalent cross-linking or surface hydrophobization are viable approaches, however, the former may hamper processability and the latter may have adverse effect on interfibrillar bonding and resulting material strength. 25665073 1 39 theme mechanical 211:220 arg1 properties 222:231 their high mechanical properties 200:231 their high mechanical properties 200:231 One of the major, but often overlooked, challenges toward high end applications of nanocelluloses is to maintain their high mechanical properties under hydrated or even fully wet conditions. 25665073 6 40 theme maximum 1448:1454 arg1 strain 1456:1461 corresponding maximum strain 1434:1461 corresponding maximum strain of 28% 1434:1468 Wet water-soaked films of CNF/chitosan 80/20 w/w show excellent mechanical properties, with an ultimate wet strength of 100 MPa (with corresponding maximum strain of 28%) and a tensile modulus of 4 and 14 GPa at low (0.5%) and large (16%) strains, respectively. 25665073 0 41 dep Water-resistant 0:14 arg1 transparent 17:27 transparent 17:27 transparent 17:27 Water-resistant, transparent hybrid nanopaper by physical cross-linking with chitosan. 25665073 7 42 theme relative 1665:1672 arg1 humidity 1674:1681 50% air relative humidity 1657:1681 50% air relative humidity 1657:1681 More dry films of similar composition display strength of 200 MPa with maximum strain of 8% at 50% air relative humidity. 25665073 4 43 theme aqueous 951:957 arg1 medium 959:964 aqueous medium 951:964 aqueous medium 951:964 Also, transparency (∼70-90% in the range 400-800 nm) is achieved by suppressing aggregation and carefully controlling the mixing conditions: Chitosan dissolves in aqueous medium at low pH and under these conditions the CNF/chitosan mixtures form easily processable hydrogels. 25665073 8 44 theme simple 1713:1718 arg1 concept 1720:1726 the proposed, simple concept 1699:1726 concept 1720:1726 We expect that the proposed, simple concept opens new pathways toward CNF-based material utilization in wet or humid conditions, which has still remained a challenge. 25665073 7 45 theme % 1659:1659 arg1 humidity 1674:1681 50% air relative humidity 1657:1681 50% air relative humidity 1657:1681 More dry films of similar composition display strength of 200 MPa with maximum strain of 8% at 50% air relative humidity. 25665073 6 46 theme MPa 1424:1426 arg1 strength 1408:1415 an ultimate wet strength 1392:1415 an ultimate wet strength of 100 MPa (with corresponding maximum strain of 28%) and a tensile modulus of 4 and 14 GPa at low (0.5%) and large (16%) strains, respectively 1392:1559 Wet water-soaked films of CNF/chitosan 80/20 w/w show excellent mechanical properties, with an ultimate wet strength of 100 MPa (with corresponding maximum strain of 28%) and a tensile modulus of 4 and 14 GPa at low (0.5%) and large (16%) strains, respectively. 25665073 5 47 theme chitosan 1159:1166 arg1 hydration 1146:1154 hydration 1146:1154 hydration of chitosan 1146:1166 A simple change in the environmental conditions (i.e., an increase of pH) reduces hydration of chitosan promoting multivalent physical interactions between CNF and chitosan over those with water, resulting effectively in cross-linking. 25665073 4 48 theme nm 837:838 arg1 range 823:827 the range 819:827 the range 400-800 nm 819:838 Also, transparency (∼70-90% in the range 400-800 nm) is achieved by suppressing aggregation and carefully controlling the mixing conditions: Chitosan dissolves in aqueous medium at low pH and under these conditions the CNF/chitosan mixtures form easily processable hydrogels. 25665073 3 49 theme aqueous 708:714 arg1 preparation 716:726 the aqueous preparation 704:726 the aqueous preparation of films showing high mechanical strength in the wet state 704:785 Here we show a concept based on physical cross-linking of cellulose nanofibers (CNF, also denoted as microfibrillated cellulose, MFC, and, nanofibrillated cellulose, NFC) with chitosan for the aqueous preparation of films showing high mechanical strength in the wet state. 25665073 1 50 theme nanocelluloses 170:183 arg1 applications 154:165 high end applications 145:165 high end applications of nanocelluloses 145:183 One of the major, but often overlooked, challenges toward high end applications of nanocelluloses is to maintain their high mechanical properties under hydrated or even fully wet conditions. 25665073 3 51 dep nanofibers 583:592 arg1 CNF 595:597 CNF 595:597 CNF 595:597 Here we show a concept based on physical cross-linking of cellulose nanofibers (CNF, also denoted as microfibrillated cellulose, MFC, and, nanofibrillated cellulose, NFC) with chitosan for the aqueous preparation of films showing high mechanical strength in the wet state. 25665073 8 52 theme CNF-based 1754:1762 arg1 utilization 1773:1783 CNF-based material utilization 1754:1783 CNF-based material utilization 1754:1783 We expect that the proposed, simple concept opens new pathways toward CNF-based material utilization in wet or humid conditions, which has still remained a challenge. 25665073 6 53 theme tensile 1477:1483 arg1 modulus 1485:1491 a tensile modulus 1475:1491 a tensile modulus of 4 and 14 GPa at low (0.5%) and large (16%) strains, respectively 1475:1559 Wet water-soaked films of CNF/chitosan 80/20 w/w show excellent mechanical properties, with an ultimate wet strength of 100 MPa (with corresponding maximum strain of 28%) and a tensile modulus of 4 and 14 GPa at low (0.5%) and large (16%) strains, respectively. 25665073 6 54 from strains 1539:1545 arg1 strength 1408:1415 an ultimate wet strength 1392:1415 an ultimate wet strength of 100 MPa (with corresponding maximum strain of 28%) and a tensile modulus of 4 and 14 GPa at low (0.5%) and large (16%) strains, respectively 1392:1559 Wet water-soaked films of CNF/chitosan 80/20 w/w show excellent mechanical properties, with an ultimate wet strength of 100 MPa (with corresponding maximum strain of 28%) and a tensile modulus of 4 and 14 GPa at low (0.5%) and large (16%) strains, respectively. 25665073 6 54 from strains 1539:1545 arg1 MPa 1424:1426 100 MPa 1420:1426 100 MPa (with corresponding maximum strain of 28%) 1420:1469 Wet water-soaked films of CNF/chitosan 80/20 w/w show excellent mechanical properties, with an ultimate wet strength of 100 MPa (with corresponding maximum strain of 28%) and a tensile modulus of 4 and 14 GPa at low (0.5%) and large (16%) strains, respectively. 25665073 6 54 from strains 1539:1545 arg1 modulus 1485:1491 a tensile modulus 1475:1491 a tensile modulus of 4 and 14 GPa at low (0.5%) and large (16%) strains, respectively 1475:1559 Wet water-soaked films of CNF/chitosan 80/20 w/w show excellent mechanical properties, with an ultimate wet strength of 100 MPa (with corresponding maximum strain of 28%) and a tensile modulus of 4 and 14 GPa at low (0.5%) and large (16%) strains, respectively. 25665073 6 55 with modulus 1485:1491 arg1 strain 1456:1461 corresponding maximum strain 1434:1461 corresponding maximum strain of 28% 1434:1468 Wet water-soaked films of CNF/chitosan 80/20 w/w show excellent mechanical properties, with an ultimate wet strength of 100 MPa (with corresponding maximum strain of 28%) and a tensile modulus of 4 and 14 GPa at low (0.5%) and large (16%) strains, respectively. 25665073 3 56 theme physical 547:554 arg1 cross-linking 556:568 physical cross-linking 547:568 physical cross-linking of cellulose nanofibers (CNF, also denoted as microfibrillated cellulose, MFC, and, nanofibrillated cellulose, NFC) with chitosan 547:698 Here we show a concept based on physical cross-linking of cellulose nanofibers (CNF, also denoted as microfibrillated cellulose, MFC, and, nanofibrillated cellulose, NFC) with chitosan for the aqueous preparation of films showing high mechanical strength in the wet state. 25665073 3 57 theme cellulose 573:581 arg1 nanofibers 583:592 cellulose nanofibers 573:592 cellulose nanofibers (CNF, also denoted as microfibrillated cellulose, MFC, and, nanofibrillated cellulose, NFC) 573:684 Here we show a concept based on physical cross-linking of cellulose nanofibers (CNF, also denoted as microfibrillated cellulose, MFC, and, nanofibrillated cellulose, NFC) with chitosan for the aqueous preparation of films showing high mechanical strength in the wet state. 25665073 6 58 theme Wet 1300:1302 arg1 films 1317:1321 Wet water-soaked films 1300:1321 Wet water-soaked films of CNF/chitosan 80/20 w/w 1300:1347 Wet water-soaked films of CNF/chitosan 80/20 w/w show excellent mechanical properties, with an ultimate wet strength of 100 MPa (with corresponding maximum strain of 28%) and a tensile modulus of 4 and 14 GPa at low (0.5%) and large (16%) strains, respectively. 25665073 6 59 theme % 1468:1468 arg1 strain 1456:1461 corresponding maximum strain 1434:1461 corresponding maximum strain of 28% 1434:1468 Wet water-soaked films of CNF/chitosan 80/20 w/w show excellent mechanical properties, with an ultimate wet strength of 100 MPa (with corresponding maximum strain of 28%) and a tensile modulus of 4 and 14 GPa at low (0.5%) and large (16%) strains, respectively. 25665073 8 60 theme humid 1795:1799 arg1 conditions 1801:1810 wet or humid conditions 1788:1810 wet or humid conditions 1788:1810 We expect that the proposed, simple concept opens new pathways toward CNF-based material utilization in wet or humid conditions, which has still remained a challenge. 25665073 3 61 theme nanofibers 583:592 arg1 cross-linking 556:568 physical cross-linking 547:568 physical cross-linking of cellulose nanofibers (CNF, also denoted as microfibrillated cellulose, MFC, and, nanofibrillated cellulose, NFC) with chitosan 547:698 Here we show a concept based on physical cross-linking of cellulose nanofibers (CNF, also denoted as microfibrillated cellulose, MFC, and, nanofibrillated cellulose, NFC) with chitosan for the aqueous preparation of films showing high mechanical strength in the wet state. 25665073 3 62 theme mechanical 750:759 arg1 strength 761:768 high mechanical strength 745:768 high mechanical strength in the wet state 745:785 Here we show a concept based on physical cross-linking of cellulose nanofibers (CNF, also denoted as microfibrillated cellulose, MFC, and, nanofibrillated cellulose, NFC) with chitosan for the aqueous preparation of films showing high mechanical strength in the wet state. 25665073 6 63 theme low 1512:1514 arg1 strains 1539:1545 low (0.5%) and large (16%) strains 1512:1545 low (0.5%) and large (16%) strains 1512:1545 Wet water-soaked films of CNF/chitosan 80/20 w/w show excellent mechanical properties, with an ultimate wet strength of 100 MPa (with corresponding maximum strain of 28%) and a tensile modulus of 4 and 14 GPa at low (0.5%) and large (16%) strains, respectively. 25665073 1 64 theme overlooked 115:124 arg1 challenges 127:136 the major, but often overlooked, challenges 94:136 the major, but often overlooked, challenges toward high end applications of nanocelluloses 94:183 One of the major, but often overlooked, challenges toward high end applications of nanocelluloses is to maintain their high mechanical properties under hydrated or even fully wet conditions. 25665073 2 65 theme permanent 287:295 arg1 hydrophobization 331:346 surface hydrophobization 323:346 surface hydrophobization 323:346 As such, permanent covalent cross-linking or surface hydrophobization are viable approaches, however, the former may hamper processability and the latter may have adverse effect on interfibrillar bonding and resulting material strength. 25665073 2 65 theme permanent 287:295 arg1 approaches 359:368 viable approaches 352:368 viable approaches 352:368 As such, permanent covalent cross-linking or surface hydrophobization are viable approaches, however, the former may hamper processability and the latter may have adverse effect on interfibrillar bonding and resulting material strength. 25665073 2 65 theme permanent 287:295 arg1 cross-linking 306:318 permanent covalent cross-linking 287:318 permanent covalent cross-linking 287:318 As such, permanent covalent cross-linking or surface hydrophobization are viable approaches, however, the former may hamper processability and the latter may have adverse effect on interfibrillar bonding and resulting material strength. 25665073 6 66 theme GPa 1505:1507 arg1 modulus 1485:1491 a tensile modulus 1475:1491 a tensile modulus of 4 and 14 GPa at low (0.5%) and large (16%) strains, respectively 1475:1559 Wet water-soaked films of CNF/chitosan 80/20 w/w show excellent mechanical properties, with an ultimate wet strength of 100 MPa (with corresponding maximum strain of 28%) and a tensile modulus of 4 and 14 GPa at low (0.5%) and large (16%) strains, respectively. 25665073 6 66 theme GPa 1505:1507 arg1 MPa 1424:1426 100 MPa 1420:1426 100 MPa (with corresponding maximum strain of 28%) 1420:1469 Wet water-soaked films of CNF/chitosan 80/20 w/w show excellent mechanical properties, with an ultimate wet strength of 100 MPa (with corresponding maximum strain of 28%) and a tensile modulus of 4 and 14 GPa at low (0.5%) and large (16%) strains, respectively. 25665073 1 67 theme challenges 127:136 arg1 One 87:89 One 87:89 One 87:89 One of the major, but often overlooked, challenges toward high end applications of nanocelluloses is to maintain their high mechanical properties under hydrated or even fully wet conditions. 25665073 1 67 theme challenges 127:136 arg1 challenges 127:136 the major, but often overlooked, challenges 94:136 the major, but often overlooked, challenges toward high end applications of nanocelluloses 94:183 One of the major, but often overlooked, challenges toward high end applications of nanocelluloses is to maintain their high mechanical properties under hydrated or even fully wet conditions. 25665073 7 68 theme MPa 1624:1626 arg1 strength 1608:1615 strength 1608:1615 strength of 200 MPa 1608:1626 More dry films of similar composition display strength of 200 MPa with maximum strain of 8% at 50% air relative humidity. 25665073 2 69 theme material 496:503 arg1 strength 505:512 resulting material strength 486:512 resulting material strength 486:512 As such, permanent covalent cross-linking or surface hydrophobization are viable approaches, however, the former may hamper processability and the latter may have adverse effect on interfibrillar bonding and resulting material strength. 25665073 5 70 theme multivalent 1178:1188 arg1 interactions 1199:1210 multivalent physical interactions 1178:1210 multivalent physical interactions between CNF and chitosan 1178:1235 A simple change in the environmental conditions (i.e., an increase of pH) reduces hydration of chitosan promoting multivalent physical interactions between CNF and chitosan over those with water, resulting effectively in cross-linking. 25665073 3 71 theme wet 777:779 arg1 state 781:785 the wet state 773:785 the wet state 773:785 Here we show a concept based on physical cross-linking of cellulose nanofibers (CNF, also denoted as microfibrillated cellulose, MFC, and, nanofibrillated cellulose, NFC) with chitosan for the aqueous preparation of films showing high mechanical strength in the wet state. 25665073 6 72 theme excellent 1354:1362 arg1 properties 1375:1384 excellent mechanical properties 1354:1384 excellent mechanical properties 1354:1384 Wet water-soaked films of CNF/chitosan 80/20 w/w show excellent mechanical properties, with an ultimate wet strength of 100 MPa (with corresponding maximum strain of 28%) and a tensile modulus of 4 and 14 GPa at low (0.5%) and large (16%) strains, respectively. 25665073 5 73 theme environmental 1087:1099 arg1 conditions 1101:1110 the environmental conditions 1083:1110 the environmental conditions (i.e., an increase of pH) 1083:1136 A simple change in the environmental conditions (i.e., an increase of pH) reduces hydration of chitosan promoting multivalent physical interactions between CNF and chitosan over those with water, resulting effectively in cross-linking. 25665073 1 74 theme high 145:148 arg1 applications 154:165 high end applications 145:165 high end applications of nanocelluloses 145:183 One of the major, but often overlooked, challenges toward high end applications of nanocelluloses is to maintain their high mechanical properties under hydrated or even fully wet conditions. 25665073 6 75 dep low 1512:1514 arg1 % 1536:1536 16% 1534:1536 16% 1534:1536 Wet water-soaked films of CNF/chitosan 80/20 w/w show excellent mechanical properties, with an ultimate wet strength of 100 MPa (with corresponding maximum strain of 28%) and a tensile modulus of 4 and 14 GPa at low (0.5%) and large (16%) strains, respectively. 25665073 6 75 dep low 1512:1514 arg1 % 1520:1520 0.5% 1517:1520 0.5% 1517:1520 Wet water-soaked films of CNF/chitosan 80/20 w/w show excellent mechanical properties, with an ultimate wet strength of 100 MPa (with corresponding maximum strain of 28%) and a tensile modulus of 4 and 14 GPa at low (0.5%) and large (16%) strains, respectively. 25665073 4 76 dep conditions 917:926 arg1 mixtures 1020:1027 mixtures 1020:1027 mixtures form easily processable hydrogels 1020:1061 Also, transparency (∼70-90% in the range 400-800 nm) is achieved by suppressing aggregation and carefully controlling the mixing conditions: Chitosan dissolves in aqueous medium at low pH and under these conditions the CNF/chitosan mixtures form easily processable hydrogels. 25665073 4 76 dep conditions 917:926 arg1 dissolves 938:946 dissolves 938:946 dissolves in aqueous medium at low pH 938:974 Also, transparency (∼70-90% in the range 400-800 nm) is achieved by suppressing aggregation and carefully controlling the mixing conditions: Chitosan dissolves in aqueous medium at low pH and under these conditions the CNF/chitosan mixtures form easily processable hydrogels. 25665073 6 77 theme w/w 1345:1347 arg1 films 1317:1321 Wet water-soaked films 1300:1321 Wet water-soaked films of CNF/chitosan 80/20 w/w 1300:1347 Wet water-soaked films of CNF/chitosan 80/20 w/w show excellent mechanical properties, with an ultimate wet strength of 100 MPa (with corresponding maximum strain of 28%) and a tensile modulus of 4 and 14 GPa at low (0.5%) and large (16%) strains, respectively. 25665073 6 78 theme CNF/chitosan 1326:1337 arg1 w/w 1345:1347 CNF/chitosan 80/20 w/w 1326:1347 CNF/chitosan 80/20 w/w 1326:1347 Wet water-soaked films of CNF/chitosan 80/20 w/w show excellent mechanical properties, with an ultimate wet strength of 100 MPa (with corresponding maximum strain of 28%) and a tensile modulus of 4 and 14 GPa at low (0.5%) and large (16%) strains, respectively. 25665073 5 79 theme simple 1066:1071 arg1 change 1073:1078 A simple change 1064:1078 A simple change in the environmental conditions (i.e., an increase of pH) 1064:1136 A simple change in the environmental conditions (i.e., an increase of pH) reduces hydration of chitosan promoting multivalent physical interactions between CNF and chitosan over those with water, resulting effectively in cross-linking. 25665073 7 80 theme similar 1580:1586 arg1 composition 1588:1598 similar composition 1580:1598 similar composition 1580:1598 More dry films of similar composition display strength of 200 MPa with maximum strain of 8% at 50% air relative humidity. 25665073 5 81 from change 1073:1078 arg1 conditions 1101:1110 the environmental conditions 1083:1110 the environmental conditions (i.e., an increase of pH) 1083:1136 A simple change in the environmental conditions (i.e., an increase of pH) reduces hydration of chitosan promoting multivalent physical interactions between CNF and chitosan over those with water, resulting effectively in cross-linking. 25665073 6 82 theme large 1527:1531 arg1 strains 1539:1545 low (0.5%) and large (16%) strains 1512:1545 low (0.5%) and large (16%) strains 1512:1545 Wet water-soaked films of CNF/chitosan 80/20 w/w show excellent mechanical properties, with an ultimate wet strength of 100 MPa (with corresponding maximum strain of 28%) and a tensile modulus of 4 and 14 GPa at low (0.5%) and large (16%) strains, respectively. 25665073 8 83 theme wet 1788:1790 arg1 conditions 1801:1810 wet or humid conditions 1788:1810 wet or humid conditions 1788:1810 We expect that the proposed, simple concept opens new pathways toward CNF-based material utilization in wet or humid conditions, which has still remained a challenge. 25665073 5 84 theme pH 1134:1135 arg1 increase 1122:1129 an increase 1119:1129 an increase of pH 1119:1135 A simple change in the environmental conditions (i.e., an increase of pH) reduces hydration of chitosan promoting multivalent physical interactions between CNF and chitosan over those with water, resulting effectively in cross-linking. 25665073 1 85 theme major 98:102 arg1 challenges 127:136 the major, but often overlooked, challenges 94:136 the major, but often overlooked, challenges toward high end applications of nanocelluloses 94:183 One of the major, but often overlooked, challenges toward high end applications of nanocelluloses is to maintain their high mechanical properties under hydrated or even fully wet conditions. 25665073 7 86 theme More 1562:1565 arg1 films 1571:1575 More dry films 1562:1575 More dry films of similar composition 1562:1598 More dry films of similar composition display strength of 200 MPa with maximum strain of 8% at 50% air relative humidity. 25665073 6 87 theme ultimate 1395:1402 arg1 strength 1408:1415 an ultimate wet strength 1392:1415 an ultimate wet strength of 100 MPa (with corresponding maximum strain of 28%) and a tensile modulus of 4 and 14 GPa at low (0.5%) and large (16%) strains, respectively 1392:1559 Wet water-soaked films of CNF/chitosan 80/20 w/w show excellent mechanical properties, with an ultimate wet strength of 100 MPa (with corresponding maximum strain of 28%) and a tensile modulus of 4 and 14 GPa at low (0.5%) and large (16%) strains, respectively. 25665073 2 88 theme interfibrillar 459:472 arg1 bonding 474:480 interfibrillar bonding 459:480 interfibrillar bonding 459:480 As such, permanent covalent cross-linking or surface hydrophobization are viable approaches, however, the former may hamper processability and the latter may have adverse effect on interfibrillar bonding and resulting material strength. 25665073 7 89 from strain 1641:1646 arg1 humidity 1674:1681 50% air relative humidity 1657:1681 50% air relative humidity 1657:1681 More dry films of similar composition display strength of 200 MPa with maximum strain of 8% at 50% air relative humidity. 25665073 4 90 theme low 969:971 arg1 pH 973:974 low pH 969:974 low pH 969:974 Also, transparency (∼70-90% in the range 400-800 nm) is achieved by suppressing aggregation and carefully controlling the mixing conditions: Chitosan dissolves in aqueous medium at low pH and under these conditions the CNF/chitosan mixtures form easily processable hydrogels. 25665073 3 91 theme nanofibrillated 654:668 arg1 cellulose 670:678 nanofibrillated cellulose 654:678 nanofibrillated cellulose 654:678 Here we show a concept based on physical cross-linking of cellulose nanofibers (CNF, also denoted as microfibrillated cellulose, MFC, and, nanofibrillated cellulose, NFC) with chitosan for the aqueous preparation of films showing high mechanical strength in the wet state. 25665073 0 92 with cross-linking 58:70 arg1 chitosan 77:84 chitosan 77:84 chitosan 77:84 Water-resistant, transparent hybrid nanopaper by physical cross-linking with chitosan. 25665073 5 93 theme physical 1190:1197 arg1 interactions 1199:1210 multivalent physical interactions 1178:1210 multivalent physical interactions between CNF and chitosan 1178:1235 A simple change in the environmental conditions (i.e., an increase of pH) reduces hydration of chitosan promoting multivalent physical interactions between CNF and chitosan over those with water, resulting effectively in cross-linking. 25665073 8 94 from utilization 1773:1783 arg1 conditions 1801:1810 wet or humid conditions 1788:1810 wet or humid conditions 1788:1810 We expect that the proposed, simple concept opens new pathways toward CNF-based material utilization in wet or humid conditions, which has still remained a challenge. 25665073 6 95 theme corresponding 1434:1446 arg1 strain 1456:1461 corresponding maximum strain 1434:1461 corresponding maximum strain of 28% 1434:1468 Wet water-soaked films of CNF/chitosan 80/20 w/w show excellent mechanical properties, with an ultimate wet strength of 100 MPa (with corresponding maximum strain of 28%) and a tensile modulus of 4 and 14 GPa at low (0.5%) and large (16%) strains, respectively. 25665073 1 96 theme hydrated 239:246 arg1 conditions 266:275 hydrated or even fully wet conditions 239:275 hydrated or even fully wet conditions 239:275 One of the major, but often overlooked, challenges toward high end applications of nanocelluloses is to maintain their high mechanical properties under hydrated or even fully wet conditions. 26358319 8 0 theme relevant 1214:1221 arg1 cells 1208:1212 cells 1208:1212 cells relevant for wound healing processes 1208:1249 These results are in line with biological effects on cells relevant for wound healing processes. 26358319 8 1 theme wound 1227:1231 arg1 processes 1241:1249 wound healing processes 1227:1249 wound healing processes 1227:1249 These results are in line with biological effects on cells relevant for wound healing processes. 26358319 6 2 theme chondroitin 944:954 arg1 sulphate 956:963 chondroitin sulphate 944:963 chondroitin sulphate for a comparable sulphation degree 944:998 Hyaluronan derivatives demonstrate a higher binding strength in their interaction with biological mediators than chondroitin sulphate for a comparable sulphation degree. 26358319 2 3 theme matrix 306:311 arg1 components 267:276 important components 257:276 important components of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) able to interact with biological mediator proteins 257:368 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are important components of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) able to interact with biological mediator proteins. 26358319 2 3 theme matrix 306:311 arg1 Glycosaminoglycans 227:244 Glycosaminoglycans 227:244 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 227:251 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are important components of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) able to interact with biological mediator proteins. 26358319 10 4 dep properties 1416:1425 arg1 i 1377:1377 i 1377:1377 i 1377:1377 Prominent effects are (i) anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory properties towards macrophages/dendritic cells, (ii) enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells, (iii) altered differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, (iv) reduced osteoclast activity and (v) improved osseointegration of dental implants in minipigs. 26358319 10 5 theme osteoclast 1618:1627 arg1 activity 1629:1636 osteoclast activity 1618:1636 osteoclast activity 1618:1636 Prominent effects are (i) anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory properties towards macrophages/dendritic cells, (ii) enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells, (iii) altered differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, (iv) reduced osteoclast activity and (v) improved osseointegration of dental implants in minipigs. 26358319 2 6 theme native 285:290 arg1 matrix 306:311 the native extracellular matrix 281:311 the native extracellular matrix (ECM) 281:317 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are important components of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) able to interact with biological mediator proteins. 26358319 2 6 theme native 285:290 arg1 ECM 314:316 ECM 314:316 ECM 314:316 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are important components of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) able to interact with biological mediator proteins. 26358319 10 7 theme improved 1646:1653 arg1 osseointegration 1655:1670 (v) improved osseointegration 1642:1670 (v) improved osseointegration 1642:1670 Prominent effects are (i) anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory properties towards macrophages/dendritic cells, (ii) enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells, (iii) altered differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, (iv) reduced osteoclast activity and (v) improved osseointegration of dental implants in minipigs. 26358319 4 8 from candidates 486:495 arg1 particular 557:566 particular 557:566 particular 557:566 Thus, they are promising candidates for functional biomaterials to control healing processes in particular in health-compromised patients. 26358319 2 9 theme able 319:322 arg1 components 267:276 important components 257:276 important components of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) able to interact with biological mediator proteins 257:368 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are important components of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) able to interact with biological mediator proteins. 26358319 2 9 theme able 319:322 arg1 Glycosaminoglycans 227:244 Glycosaminoglycans 227:244 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 227:251 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are important components of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) able to interact with biological mediator proteins. 26358319 5 10 dep composition 775:785 arg1 iii 770:772 iii 770:772 iii 770:772 Biophysical studies show that the interaction profiles between mediator proteins and GAGs are strongly influenced by (i) sulphation degree, (ii) sulphation pattern, and (iii) composition and structure of the carbohydrate backbone. 26358319 11 11 theme mediator 1870:1877 arg1 proteins 1879:1886 mediator proteins 1870:1886 mediator proteins 1870:1886 The findings of our consortium Transregio 67 contribute to an improved understanding of structure-function relationships of GAG derivatives in their interaction with mediator proteins and cells. 26358319 11 12 with interaction 1853:1863 arg1 cells 1892:1896 cells 1892:1896 cells 1892:1896 The findings of our consortium Transregio 67 contribute to an improved understanding of structure-function relationships of GAG derivatives in their interaction with mediator proteins and cells. 26358319 11 12 with interaction 1853:1863 arg1 proteins 1879:1886 mediator proteins 1870:1886 mediator proteins 1870:1886 The findings of our consortium Transregio 67 contribute to an improved understanding of structure-function relationships of GAG derivatives in their interaction with mediator proteins and cells. 26358319 11 13 from interaction 1853:1863 arg1 relationships 1811:1823 structure-function relationships 1792:1823 structure-function relationships of GAG derivatives in their interaction with mediator proteins and cells 1792:1896 The findings of our consortium Transregio 67 contribute to an improved understanding of structure-function relationships of GAG derivatives in their interaction with mediator proteins and cells. 26358319 10 14 theme implants 1682:1689 arg1 activity 1629:1636 osteoclast activity 1618:1636 osteoclast activity 1618:1636 Prominent effects are (i) anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory properties towards macrophages/dendritic cells, (ii) enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells, (iii) altered differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, (iv) reduced osteoclast activity and (v) improved osseointegration of dental implants in minipigs. 26358319 10 14 theme implants 1682:1689 arg1 osseointegration 1655:1670 (v) improved osseointegration 1642:1670 (v) improved osseointegration 1642:1670 Prominent effects are (i) anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory properties towards macrophages/dendritic cells, (ii) enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells, (iii) altered differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, (iv) reduced osteoclast activity and (v) improved osseointegration of dental implants in minipigs. 26358319 7 15 theme native 1126:1131 arg1 partners 1145:1152 native interaction partners 1126:1152 native interaction partners 1126:1152 Furthermore sulphated GAG derivatives alter the interaction profile of mediator proteins with their cell receptors or solute native interaction partners. 26358319 7 16 theme proteins 1081:1088 arg1 profile 1061:1067 the interaction profile 1045:1067 the interaction profile of mediator proteins with their cell receptors 1045:1114 Furthermore sulphated GAG derivatives alter the interaction profile of mediator proteins with their cell receptors or solute native interaction partners. 26358319 11 17 from relationships 1811:1823 arg1 interaction 1853:1863 their interaction 1847:1863 their interaction with mediator proteins and cells 1847:1896 The findings of our consortium Transregio 67 contribute to an improved understanding of structure-function relationships of GAG derivatives in their interaction with mediator proteins and cells. 26358319 12 18 dep bone 2002:2005 arg1 regeneration 2016:2027 regeneration 2016:2027 regeneration 2016:2027 This will enable the design of bioinspired, functional biomaterials to selectively control and promote bone and skin regeneration. 26358319 5 19 theme sulphation 721:730 arg1 degree 732:737 (i) sulphation degree 717:737 (i) sulphation degree 717:737 Biophysical studies show that the interaction profiles between mediator proteins and GAGs are strongly influenced by (i) sulphation degree, (ii) sulphation pattern, and (iii) composition and structure of the carbohydrate backbone. 26358319 5 20 theme Biophysical 600:610 arg1 studies 612:618 Biophysical studies 600:618 Biophysical studies 600:618 Biophysical studies show that the interaction profiles between mediator proteins and GAGs are strongly influenced by (i) sulphation degree, (ii) sulphation pattern, and (iii) composition and structure of the carbohydrate backbone. 26358319 6 21 theme comparable 971:980 arg1 degree 993:998 a comparable sulphation degree 969:998 a comparable sulphation degree 969:998 Hyaluronan derivatives demonstrate a higher binding strength in their interaction with biological mediators than chondroitin sulphate for a comparable sulphation degree. 26358319 5 22 dep pattern 756:762 arg1 ii 741:742 ii 741:742 ii 741:742 Biophysical studies show that the interaction profiles between mediator proteins and GAGs are strongly influenced by (i) sulphation degree, (ii) sulphation pattern, and (iii) composition and structure of the carbohydrate backbone. 26358319 11 23 theme GAG 1828:1830 arg1 derivatives 1832:1842 GAG derivatives 1828:1842 GAG derivatives in their interaction with mediator proteins and cells 1828:1896 The findings of our consortium Transregio 67 contribute to an improved understanding of structure-function relationships of GAG derivatives in their interaction with mediator proteins and cells. 26358319 7 24 theme cell 1101:1104 arg1 receptors 1106:1114 their cell receptors 1095:1114 their cell receptors 1095:1114 Furthermore sulphated GAG derivatives alter the interaction profile of mediator proteins with their cell receptors or solute native interaction partners. 26358319 9 25 theme artificial 1330:1339 arg1 aECMs 1346:1350 aECMs 1346:1350 aECMs 1346:1350 This is valid for solute GAGs as well as those incorporated in collagen-based artificial ECM (aECMs). 26358319 9 25 theme artificial 1330:1339 arg1 ECM 1341:1343 collagen-based artificial ECM 1315:1343 collagen-based artificial ECM (aECMs) 1315:1351 This is valid for solute GAGs as well as those incorporated in collagen-based artificial ECM (aECMs). 26358319 7 26 theme interaction 1049:1059 arg1 profile 1061:1067 the interaction profile 1045:1067 the interaction profile of mediator proteins with their cell receptors 1045:1114 Furthermore sulphated GAG derivatives alter the interaction profile of mediator proteins with their cell receptors or solute native interaction partners. 26358319 1 27 dep processes 115:123 arg1 healing 160:166 healing 160:166 healing 160:166 Numerous biological processes (tissue formation, remodelling and healing) are strongly influenced by the cellular microenvironment. 26358319 1 27 dep processes 115:123 arg1 remodelling 144:154 remodelling 144:154 remodelling 144:154 Numerous biological processes (tissue formation, remodelling and healing) are strongly influenced by the cellular microenvironment. 26358319 1 27 dep processes 115:123 arg1 processes 115:123 Numerous biological processes 95:123 Numerous biological processes (tissue formation, remodelling and healing) 95:167 Numerous biological processes (tissue formation, remodelling and healing) are strongly influenced by the cellular microenvironment. 26358319 1 27 dep processes 115:123 arg1 formation 133:141 tissue formation 126:141 tissue formation 126:141 Numerous biological processes (tissue formation, remodelling and healing) are strongly influenced by the cellular microenvironment. 26358319 11 28 theme relationships 1811:1823 arg1 understanding 1775:1787 an improved understanding 1763:1787 an improved understanding of structure-function relationships of GAG derivatives in their interaction with mediator proteins and cells 1763:1896 The findings of our consortium Transregio 67 contribute to an improved understanding of structure-function relationships of GAG derivatives in their interaction with mediator proteins and cells. 26358319 2 29 theme important 257:265 arg1 components 267:276 important components 257:276 important components of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) able to interact with biological mediator proteins 257:368 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are important components of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) able to interact with biological mediator proteins. 26358319 2 29 theme important 257:265 arg1 Glycosaminoglycans 227:244 Glycosaminoglycans 227:244 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 227:251 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are important components of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) able to interact with biological mediator proteins. 26358319 10 30 theme stromal 1526:1532 arg1 differentiation 1555:1569 (iii) altered differentiation 1541:1569 (iii) altered differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts 1541:1602 Prominent effects are (i) anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory properties towards macrophages/dendritic cells, (ii) enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells, (iii) altered differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, (iv) reduced osteoclast activity and (v) improved osseointegration of dental implants in minipigs. 26358319 10 30 theme stromal 1526:1532 arg1 cells 1534:1538 human mesenchymal stromal cells 1508:1538 human mesenchymal stromal cells 1508:1538 Prominent effects are (i) anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory properties towards macrophages/dendritic cells, (ii) enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells, (iii) altered differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, (iv) reduced osteoclast activity and (v) improved osseointegration of dental implants in minipigs. 26358319 0 31 theme biomaterials 81:92 arg1 design 60:65 the design 56:65 the design of functional biomaterials 56:92 Glycosaminoglycan derivatives: promising candidates for the design of functional biomaterials. 26358319 7 32 theme GAG 1023:1025 arg1 derivatives 1027:1037 sulphated GAG derivatives 1013:1037 sulphated GAG derivatives 1013:1037 Furthermore sulphated GAG derivatives alter the interaction profile of mediator proteins with their cell receptors or solute native interaction partners. 26358319 5 33 dep degree 732:737 arg1 i 718:718 i 718:718 i 718:718 Biophysical studies show that the interaction profiles between mediator proteins and GAGs are strongly influenced by (i) sulphation degree, (ii) sulphation pattern, and (iii) composition and structure of the carbohydrate backbone. 26358319 4 34 theme healing 536:542 arg1 processes 544:552 control healing processes 528:552 control healing processes 528:552 Thus, they are promising candidates for functional biomaterials to control healing processes in particular in health-compromised patients. 26358319 10 35 theme human 1508:1512 arg1 differentiation 1555:1569 (iii) altered differentiation 1541:1569 (iii) altered differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts 1541:1602 Prominent effects are (i) anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory properties towards macrophages/dendritic cells, (ii) enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells, (iii) altered differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, (iv) reduced osteoclast activity and (v) improved osseointegration of dental implants in minipigs. 26358319 10 35 theme human 1508:1512 arg1 cells 1534:1538 human mesenchymal stromal cells 1508:1538 human mesenchymal stromal cells 1508:1538 Prominent effects are (i) anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory properties towards macrophages/dendritic cells, (ii) enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells, (iii) altered differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, (iv) reduced osteoclast activity and (v) improved osseointegration of dental implants in minipigs. 26358319 5 36 theme mediator 663:670 arg1 proteins 672:679 mediator proteins 663:679 mediator proteins 663:679 Biophysical studies show that the interaction profiles between mediator proteins and GAGs are strongly influenced by (i) sulphation degree, (ii) sulphation pattern, and (iii) composition and structure of the carbohydrate backbone. 26358319 10 37 dep differentiation 1555:1569 arg1 iii 1542:1544 iii 1542:1544 iii 1542:1544 Prominent effects are (i) anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory properties towards macrophages/dendritic cells, (ii) enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells, (iii) altered differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, (iv) reduced osteoclast activity and (v) improved osseointegration of dental implants in minipigs. 26358319 4 38 theme functional 501:510 arg1 biomaterials 512:523 functional biomaterials 501:523 functional biomaterials to control healing processes 501:552 Thus, they are promising candidates for functional biomaterials to control healing processes in particular in health-compromised patients. 26358319 3 39 theme interaction 439:449 arg1 profiles 451:458 their interaction profiles 433:458 their interaction profiles 433:458 They can be chemically functionalized and thereby modified in their interaction profiles. 26358319 0 40 theme Glycosaminoglycan 0:16 arg1 derivatives 18:28 Glycosaminoglycan derivatives 0:28 Glycosaminoglycan derivatives: promising candidates for the design of functional biomaterials. 0:93 Glycosaminoglycan derivatives: promising candidates for the design of functional biomaterials. 26358319 1 41 theme biological 104:113 arg1 healing 160:166 healing 160:166 healing 160:166 Numerous biological processes (tissue formation, remodelling and healing) are strongly influenced by the cellular microenvironment. 26358319 1 41 theme biological 104:113 arg1 remodelling 144:154 remodelling 144:154 remodelling 144:154 Numerous biological processes (tissue formation, remodelling and healing) are strongly influenced by the cellular microenvironment. 26358319 1 41 theme biological 104:113 arg1 processes 115:123 Numerous biological processes 95:123 Numerous biological processes (tissue formation, remodelling and healing) 95:167 Numerous biological processes (tissue formation, remodelling and healing) are strongly influenced by the cellular microenvironment. 26358319 1 41 theme biological 104:113 arg1 formation 133:141 tissue formation 126:141 tissue formation 126:141 Numerous biological processes (tissue formation, remodelling and healing) are strongly influenced by the cellular microenvironment. 26358319 4 42 from patients 590:597 arg1 particular 557:566 particular 557:566 particular 557:566 Thus, they are promising candidates for functional biomaterials to control healing processes in particular in health-compromised patients. 26358319 10 43 theme altered 1547:1553 arg1 differentiation 1555:1569 (iii) altered differentiation 1541:1569 (iii) altered differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts 1541:1602 Prominent effects are (i) anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory properties towards macrophages/dendritic cells, (ii) enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells, (iii) altered differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, (iv) reduced osteoclast activity and (v) improved osseointegration of dental implants in minipigs. 26358319 10 43 theme altered 1547:1553 arg1 cells 1534:1538 human mesenchymal stromal cells 1508:1538 human mesenchymal stromal cells 1508:1538 Prominent effects are (i) anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory properties towards macrophages/dendritic cells, (ii) enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells, (iii) altered differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, (iv) reduced osteoclast activity and (v) improved osseointegration of dental implants in minipigs. 26358319 10 44 theme Prominent 1354:1362 arg1 effects 1364:1370 Prominent effects 1354:1370 Prominent effects 1354:1370 Prominent effects are (i) anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory properties towards macrophages/dendritic cells, (ii) enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells, (iii) altered differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, (iv) reduced osteoclast activity and (v) improved osseointegration of dental implants in minipigs. 26358319 10 44 theme Prominent 1354:1362 arg1 properties 1416:1425 (i) anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory properties 1376:1425 properties 1416:1425 Prominent effects are (i) anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory properties towards macrophages/dendritic cells, (ii) enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells, (iii) altered differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, (iv) reduced osteoclast activity and (v) improved osseointegration of dental implants in minipigs. 26358319 12 45 theme biomaterials 1954:1965 arg1 design 1920:1925 the design 1916:1925 the design of bioinspired, functional biomaterials to selectively control and promote bone and skin regeneration 1916:2027 This will enable the design of bioinspired, functional biomaterials to selectively control and promote bone and skin regeneration. 26358319 10 46 theme anti-inflammatory 1380:1396 arg1 properties 1416:1425 (i) anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory properties 1376:1425 properties 1416:1425 Prominent effects are (i) anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory properties towards macrophages/dendritic cells, (ii) enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells, (iii) altered differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, (iv) reduced osteoclast activity and (v) improved osseointegration of dental implants in minipigs. 26358319 10 46 theme anti-inflammatory 1380:1396 arg1 effects 1364:1370 Prominent effects 1354:1370 Prominent effects 1354:1370 Prominent effects are (i) anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory properties towards macrophages/dendritic cells, (ii) enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells, (iii) altered differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, (iv) reduced osteoclast activity and (v) improved osseointegration of dental implants in minipigs. 26358319 2 47 theme mediator 352:359 arg1 proteins 361:368 biological mediator proteins 341:368 biological mediator proteins 341:368 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are important components of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) able to interact with biological mediator proteins. 26358319 5 48 theme carbohydrate 808:819 arg1 backbone 821:828 the carbohydrate backbone 804:828 the carbohydrate backbone 804:828 Biophysical studies show that the interaction profiles between mediator proteins and GAGs are strongly influenced by (i) sulphation degree, (ii) sulphation pattern, and (iii) composition and structure of the carbohydrate backbone. 26358319 10 49 from activity 1629:1636 arg1 minipigs 1694:1701 minipigs 1694:1701 minipigs 1694:1701 Prominent effects are (i) anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory properties towards macrophages/dendritic cells, (ii) enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells, (iii) altered differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, (iv) reduced osteoclast activity and (v) improved osseointegration of dental implants in minipigs. 26358319 11 50 theme structure-function 1792:1809 arg1 relationships 1811:1823 structure-function relationships 1792:1823 structure-function relationships of GAG derivatives in their interaction with mediator proteins and cells 1792:1896 The findings of our consortium Transregio 67 contribute to an improved understanding of structure-function relationships of GAG derivatives in their interaction with mediator proteins and cells. 26358319 12 51 dep bioinspired 1930:1940 arg1 functional 1943:1952 functional 1943:1952 functional 1943:1952 This will enable the design of bioinspired, functional biomaterials to selectively control and promote bone and skin regeneration. 26358319 10 52 theme immunomodulatory 1399:1414 arg1 properties 1416:1425 (i) anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory properties 1376:1425 properties 1416:1425 Prominent effects are (i) anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory properties towards macrophages/dendritic cells, (ii) enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells, (iii) altered differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, (iv) reduced osteoclast activity and (v) improved osseointegration of dental implants in minipigs. 26358319 10 52 theme immunomodulatory 1399:1414 arg1 effects 1364:1370 Prominent effects 1354:1370 Prominent effects 1354:1370 Prominent effects are (i) anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory properties towards macrophages/dendritic cells, (ii) enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells, (iii) altered differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, (iv) reduced osteoclast activity and (v) improved osseointegration of dental implants in minipigs. 26358319 10 53 from osseointegration 1655:1670 arg1 minipigs 1694:1701 minipigs 1694:1701 minipigs 1694:1701 Prominent effects are (i) anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory properties towards macrophages/dendritic cells, (ii) enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells, (iii) altered differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, (iv) reduced osteoclast activity and (v) improved osseointegration of dental implants in minipigs. 26358319 8 54 with line 1176:1179 arg1 effects 1197:1203 biological effects 1186:1203 biological effects on cells relevant for wound healing processes 1186:1249 These results are in line with biological effects on cells relevant for wound healing processes. 26358319 10 55 theme osteogenic 1478:1487 arg1 differentiation 1489:1503 osteogenic differentiation 1478:1503 osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells, (iii) altered differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts 1478:1602 Prominent effects are (i) anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory properties towards macrophages/dendritic cells, (ii) enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells, (iii) altered differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, (iv) reduced osteoclast activity and (v) improved osseointegration of dental implants in minipigs. 26358319 6 56 theme Hyaluronan 831:840 arg1 derivatives 842:852 Hyaluronan derivatives 831:852 Hyaluronan derivatives 831:852 Hyaluronan derivatives demonstrate a higher binding strength in their interaction with biological mediators than chondroitin sulphate for a comparable sulphation degree. 26358319 11 57 theme Transregio 1735:1744 arg1 findings 1708:1715 The findings 1704:1715 The findings of our consortium Transregio 67 1704:1747 The findings of our consortium Transregio 67 contribute to an improved understanding of structure-function relationships of GAG derivatives in their interaction with mediator proteins and cells. 26358319 2 58 theme extracellular 292:304 arg1 matrix 306:311 the native extracellular matrix 281:311 the native extracellular matrix (ECM) 281:317 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are important components of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) able to interact with biological mediator proteins. 26358319 2 58 theme extracellular 292:304 arg1 ECM 314:316 ECM 314:316 ECM 314:316 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are important components of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) able to interact with biological mediator proteins. 26358319 8 59 theme healing 1233:1239 arg1 processes 1241:1249 wound healing processes 1227:1249 wound healing processes 1227:1249 These results are in line with biological effects on cells relevant for wound healing processes. 26358319 6 60 theme biological 918:927 arg1 mediators 929:937 biological mediators 918:937 biological mediators than chondroitin sulphate for a comparable sulphation degree 918:998 Hyaluronan derivatives demonstrate a higher binding strength in their interaction with biological mediators than chondroitin sulphate for a comparable sulphation degree. 26358319 10 61 dep osseointegration 1655:1670 arg1 v 1643:1643 v 1643:1643 v 1643:1643 Prominent effects are (i) anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory properties towards macrophages/dendritic cells, (ii) enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells, (iii) altered differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, (iv) reduced osteoclast activity and (v) improved osseointegration of dental implants in minipigs. 26358319 9 62 theme solute 1270:1275 arg1 GAGs 1277:1280 solute GAGs 1270:1280 solute GAGs as well as those incorporated in collagen-based artificial ECM (aECMs) 1270:1351 This is valid for solute GAGs as well as those incorporated in collagen-based artificial ECM (aECMs). 26358319 6 63 theme binding 875:881 arg1 strength 883:890 a higher binding strength 866:890 a higher binding strength 866:890 Hyaluronan derivatives demonstrate a higher binding strength in their interaction with biological mediators than chondroitin sulphate for a comparable sulphation degree. 26358319 7 64 theme interaction 1133:1143 arg1 partners 1145:1152 native interaction partners 1126:1152 native interaction partners 1126:1152 Furthermore sulphated GAG derivatives alter the interaction profile of mediator proteins with their cell receptors or solute native interaction partners. 26358319 1 65 theme cellular 200:207 arg1 microenvironment 209:224 the cellular microenvironment 196:224 the cellular microenvironment 196:224 Numerous biological processes (tissue formation, remodelling and healing) are strongly influenced by the cellular microenvironment. 26358319 4 66 theme promising 476:484 arg1 they 467:470 they 467:470 they 467:470 Thus, they are promising candidates for functional biomaterials to control healing processes in particular in health-compromised patients. 26358319 4 66 theme promising 476:484 arg1 candidates 486:495 promising candidates 476:495 promising candidates for functional biomaterials to control healing processes 476:552 Thus, they are promising candidates for functional biomaterials to control healing processes in particular in health-compromised patients. 26358319 10 67 theme dental 1675:1680 arg1 implants 1682:1689 dental implants 1675:1689 dental implants 1675:1689 Prominent effects are (i) anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory properties towards macrophages/dendritic cells, (ii) enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells, (iii) altered differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, (iv) reduced osteoclast activity and (v) improved osseointegration of dental implants in minipigs. 26358319 12 68 theme bioinspired 1930:1940 arg1 biomaterials 1954:1965 bioinspired, functional biomaterials 1930:1965 bioinspired, functional biomaterials 1930:1965 This will enable the design of bioinspired, functional biomaterials to selectively control and promote bone and skin regeneration. 26358319 1 69 theme tissue 126:131 arg1 processes 115:123 Numerous biological processes 95:123 Numerous biological processes (tissue formation, remodelling and healing) 95:167 Numerous biological processes (tissue formation, remodelling and healing) are strongly influenced by the cellular microenvironment. 26358319 1 69 theme tissue 126:131 arg1 formation 133:141 tissue formation 126:141 tissue formation 126:141 Numerous biological processes (tissue formation, remodelling and healing) are strongly influenced by the cellular microenvironment. 26358319 6 70 theme sulphation 982:991 arg1 degree 993:998 a comparable sulphation degree 969:998 a comparable sulphation degree 969:998 Hyaluronan derivatives demonstrate a higher binding strength in their interaction with biological mediators than chondroitin sulphate for a comparable sulphation degree. 26358319 9 71 theme collagen-based 1315:1328 arg1 aECMs 1346:1350 aECMs 1346:1350 aECMs 1346:1350 This is valid for solute GAGs as well as those incorporated in collagen-based artificial ECM (aECMs). 26358319 9 71 theme collagen-based 1315:1328 arg1 ECM 1341:1343 collagen-based artificial ECM 1315:1343 collagen-based artificial ECM (aECMs) 1315:1351 This is valid for solute GAGs as well as those incorporated in collagen-based artificial ECM (aECMs). 26358319 7 72 theme mediator 1072:1079 arg1 proteins 1081:1088 mediator proteins 1072:1088 mediator proteins with their cell receptors 1072:1114 Furthermore sulphated GAG derivatives alter the interaction profile of mediator proteins with their cell receptors or solute native interaction partners. 26358319 11 73 from derivatives 1832:1842 arg1 interaction 1853:1863 their interaction 1847:1863 their interaction with mediator proteins and cells 1847:1896 The findings of our consortium Transregio 67 contribute to an improved understanding of structure-function relationships of GAG derivatives in their interaction with mediator proteins and cells. 26358319 11 74 theme derivatives 1832:1842 arg1 relationships 1811:1823 structure-function relationships 1792:1823 structure-function relationships of GAG derivatives in their interaction with mediator proteins and cells 1792:1896 The findings of our consortium Transregio 67 contribute to an improved understanding of structure-function relationships of GAG derivatives in their interaction with mediator proteins and cells. 26358319 0 75 theme functional 70:79 arg1 biomaterials 81:92 functional biomaterials 70:92 functional biomaterials 70:92 Glycosaminoglycan derivatives: promising candidates for the design of functional biomaterials. 26358319 4 76 theme control 528:534 arg1 processes 544:552 control healing processes 528:552 control healing processes 528:552 Thus, they are promising candidates for functional biomaterials to control healing processes in particular in health-compromised patients. 26358319 10 77 theme mesenchymal 1514:1524 arg1 differentiation 1555:1569 (iii) altered differentiation 1541:1569 (iii) altered differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts 1541:1602 Prominent effects are (i) anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory properties towards macrophages/dendritic cells, (ii) enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells, (iii) altered differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, (iv) reduced osteoclast activity and (v) improved osseointegration of dental implants in minipigs. 26358319 10 77 theme mesenchymal 1514:1524 arg1 cells 1534:1538 human mesenchymal stromal cells 1508:1538 human mesenchymal stromal cells 1508:1538 Prominent effects are (i) anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory properties towards macrophages/dendritic cells, (ii) enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells, (iii) altered differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, (iv) reduced osteoclast activity and (v) improved osseointegration of dental implants in minipigs. 26358319 7 78 with proteins 1081:1088 arg1 receptors 1106:1114 their cell receptors 1095:1114 their cell receptors 1095:1114 Furthermore sulphated GAG derivatives alter the interaction profile of mediator proteins with their cell receptors or solute native interaction partners. 26358319 7 79 theme sulphated 1013:1021 arg1 derivatives 1027:1037 sulphated GAG derivatives 1013:1037 sulphated GAG derivatives 1013:1037 Furthermore sulphated GAG derivatives alter the interaction profile of mediator proteins with their cell receptors or solute native interaction partners. 26358319 5 80 theme backbone 821:828 arg1 degree 732:737 (i) sulphation degree 717:737 (i) sulphation degree 717:737 Biophysical studies show that the interaction profiles between mediator proteins and GAGs are strongly influenced by (i) sulphation degree, (ii) sulphation pattern, and (iii) composition and structure of the carbohydrate backbone. 26358319 5 80 theme backbone 821:828 arg1 pattern 756:762 (ii) sulphation pattern 740:762 (ii) sulphation pattern 740:762 Biophysical studies show that the interaction profiles between mediator proteins and GAGs are strongly influenced by (i) sulphation degree, (ii) sulphation pattern, and (iii) composition and structure of the carbohydrate backbone. 26358319 5 80 theme backbone 821:828 arg1 composition 775:785 composition 775:785 composition 775:785 Biophysical studies show that the interaction profiles between mediator proteins and GAGs are strongly influenced by (i) sulphation degree, (ii) sulphation pattern, and (iii) composition and structure of the carbohydrate backbone. 26358319 5 80 theme backbone 821:828 arg1 structure 791:799 structure 791:799 structure 791:799 Biophysical studies show that the interaction profiles between mediator proteins and GAGs are strongly influenced by (i) sulphation degree, (ii) sulphation pattern, and (iii) composition and structure of the carbohydrate backbone. 26358319 1 81 theme Numerous 95:102 arg1 healing 160:166 healing 160:166 healing 160:166 Numerous biological processes (tissue formation, remodelling and healing) are strongly influenced by the cellular microenvironment. 26358319 1 81 theme Numerous 95:102 arg1 remodelling 144:154 remodelling 144:154 remodelling 144:154 Numerous biological processes (tissue formation, remodelling and healing) are strongly influenced by the cellular microenvironment. 26358319 1 81 theme Numerous 95:102 arg1 processes 115:123 Numerous biological processes 95:123 Numerous biological processes (tissue formation, remodelling and healing) 95:167 Numerous biological processes (tissue formation, remodelling and healing) are strongly influenced by the cellular microenvironment. 26358319 1 81 theme Numerous 95:102 arg1 formation 133:141 tissue formation 126:141 tissue formation 126:141 Numerous biological processes (tissue formation, remodelling and healing) are strongly influenced by the cellular microenvironment. 26358319 6 82 with interaction 901:911 arg1 mediators 929:937 biological mediators 918:937 biological mediators than chondroitin sulphate for a comparable sulphation degree 918:998 Hyaluronan derivatives demonstrate a higher binding strength in their interaction with biological mediators than chondroitin sulphate for a comparable sulphation degree. 26358319 10 83 theme cells 1534:1538 arg1 differentiation 1489:1503 osteogenic differentiation 1478:1503 osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells, (iii) altered differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts 1478:1602 Prominent effects are (i) anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory properties towards macrophages/dendritic cells, (ii) enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells, (iii) altered differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, (iv) reduced osteoclast activity and (v) improved osseointegration of dental implants in minipigs. 26358319 0 84 theme promising 31:39 arg1 candidates 41:50 promising candidates 31:50 Glycosaminoglycan derivatives: promising candidates for the design of functional biomaterials. 0:93 Glycosaminoglycan derivatives: promising candidates for the design of functional biomaterials. 26358319 5 85 theme interaction 634:644 arg1 profiles 646:653 the interaction profiles 630:653 the interaction profiles between mediator proteins and GAGs 630:688 Biophysical studies show that the interaction profiles between mediator proteins and GAGs are strongly influenced by (i) sulphation degree, (ii) sulphation pattern, and (iii) composition and structure of the carbohydrate backbone. 26358319 4 86 from particular 557:566 arg1 patients 590:597 health-compromised patients 571:597 health-compromised patients 571:597 Thus, they are promising candidates for functional biomaterials to control healing processes in particular in health-compromised patients. 26358319 8 87 from effects 1197:1203 arg1 cells 1208:1212 cells 1208:1212 cells relevant for wound healing processes 1208:1249 These results are in line with biological effects on cells relevant for wound healing processes. 26358319 5 88 theme sulphation 745:754 arg1 pattern 756:762 (ii) sulphation pattern 740:762 (ii) sulphation pattern 740:762 Biophysical studies show that the interaction profiles between mediator proteins and GAGs are strongly influenced by (i) sulphation degree, (ii) sulphation pattern, and (iii) composition and structure of the carbohydrate backbone. 26358319 4 89 theme health-compromised 571:588 arg1 patients 590:597 health-compromised patients 571:597 health-compromised patients 571:597 Thus, they are promising candidates for functional biomaterials to control healing processes in particular in health-compromised patients. 26358319 2 90 theme biological 341:350 arg1 proteins 361:368 biological mediator proteins 341:368 biological mediator proteins 341:368 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are important components of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) able to interact with biological mediator proteins. 26358319 10 91 dep enhanced 1469:1476 arg1 reduced 1610:1616 reduced 1610:1616 reduced osteoclast activity and (v) improved osseointegration of dental implants in minipigs 1610:1701 Prominent effects are (i) anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory properties towards macrophages/dendritic cells, (ii) enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells, (iii) altered differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, (iv) reduced osteoclast activity and (v) improved osseointegration of dental implants in minipigs. 26358319 10 91 dep enhanced 1469:1476 arg1 ii 1465:1466 ii 1465:1466 ii 1465:1466 Prominent effects are (i) anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory properties towards macrophages/dendritic cells, (ii) enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells, (iii) altered differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, (iv) reduced osteoclast activity and (v) improved osseointegration of dental implants in minipigs. 26358319 10 91 dep enhanced 1469:1476 arg1 iv 1606:1607 iv 1606:1607 iv 1606:1607 Prominent effects are (i) anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory properties towards macrophages/dendritic cells, (ii) enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells, (iii) altered differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, (iv) reduced osteoclast activity and (v) improved osseointegration of dental implants in minipigs. 26358319 8 92 theme biological 1186:1195 arg1 effects 1197:1203 biological effects 1186:1203 biological effects on cells relevant for wound healing processes 1186:1249 These results are in line with biological effects on cells relevant for wound healing processes. 26358319 6 93 theme higher 868:873 arg1 strength 883:890 a higher binding strength 866:890 a higher binding strength 866:890 Hyaluronan derivatives demonstrate a higher binding strength in their interaction with biological mediators than chondroitin sulphate for a comparable sulphation degree. 26358319 10 94 theme fibroblasts 1574:1584 arg1 differentiation 1555:1569 (iii) altered differentiation 1541:1569 (iii) altered differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts 1541:1602 Prominent effects are (i) anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory properties towards macrophages/dendritic cells, (ii) enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells, (iii) altered differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, (iv) reduced osteoclast activity and (v) improved osseointegration of dental implants in minipigs. 26358319 10 94 theme fibroblasts 1574:1584 arg1 cells 1534:1538 human mesenchymal stromal cells 1508:1538 human mesenchymal stromal cells 1508:1538 Prominent effects are (i) anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory properties towards macrophages/dendritic cells, (ii) enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells, (iii) altered differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, (iv) reduced osteoclast activity and (v) improved osseointegration of dental implants in minipigs. 26358319 11 95 theme improved 1766:1773 arg1 understanding 1775:1787 an improved understanding 1763:1787 an improved understanding of structure-function relationships of GAG derivatives in their interaction with mediator proteins and cells 1763:1896 The findings of our consortium Transregio 67 contribute to an improved understanding of structure-function relationships of GAG derivatives in their interaction with mediator proteins and cells. 26358319 10 96 theme macrophages/dendritic 1435:1455 arg1 cells 1457:1461 macrophages/dendritic cells 1435:1461 macrophages/dendritic cells 1435:1461 Prominent effects are (i) anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory properties towards macrophages/dendritic cells, (ii) enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells, (iii) altered differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, (iv) reduced osteoclast activity and (v) improved osseointegration of dental implants in minipigs. 26358319 0 97 dep derivatives 18:28 arg1 candidates 41:50 promising candidates 31:50 Glycosaminoglycan derivatives: promising candidates for the design of functional biomaterials. 0:93 Glycosaminoglycan derivatives: promising candidates for the design of functional biomaterials. 25231460 6 0 with poly 1097:1100 arg1 bond 1190:1193 the phosphodiester bond 1171:1193 the phosphodiester bond between C-3 of glycerol and C-3 of the amino sugar 1171:1244 The major TA of N. synnemataformans is a poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) with the phosphodiester bond between C-3 of glycerol and C-3 of the amino sugar. 25231460 9 1 theme ketal 1594:1598 arg1 group 1600:1604 a pyruvate ketal group 1583:1604 a pyruvate ketal group 1583:1604 The major TA is 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate), each ribitol unit carrying a pyruvate ketal group at positions 2 and 4. 25231460 6 2 theme synnemataformans 1075:1090 arg1 TA 1066:1067 The major TA 1056:1067 The major TA of N. synnemataformans 1056:1090 The major TA of N. synnemataformans is a poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) with the phosphodiester bond between C-3 of glycerol and C-3 of the amino sugar. 25231460 6 2 theme synnemataformans 1075:1090 arg1 poly 1097:1100 a poly 1095:1100 a poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) with the phosphodiester bond between C-3 of glycerol and C-3 of the amino sugar 1095:1244 The major TA of N. synnemataformans is a poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) with the phosphodiester bond between C-3 of glycerol and C-3 of the amino sugar. 25231460 3 3 theme glycerol 645:652 arg1 phosphate 698:706 glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate 645:706 glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate 645:706 In both organisms, the minor TA have identical structures: poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) with the phosphodiester bond between C-3 of glycerol and C-4 of the amino sugar. 25231460 3 3 theme glycerol 645:652 arg1 poly 640:643 poly 640:643 identical structures: poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) 618:707 In both organisms, the minor TA have identical structures: poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) with the phosphodiester bond between C-3 of glycerol and C-4 of the amino sugar. 25231460 10 4 theme minor 1649:1653 arg1 TA 1655:1656 the minor TA 1645:1656 the minor TA 1645:1656 The structure of the minor TA is the same as that of N. composta. 25231460 3 5 theme phosphodiester 718:731 arg1 bond 733:736 the phosphodiester bond 714:736 the phosphodiester bond between C-3 of glycerol and C-4 of the amino sugar 714:787 In both organisms, the minor TA have identical structures: poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) with the phosphodiester bond between C-3 of glycerol and C-4 of the amino sugar. 25231460 4 6 theme first 822:826 arg1 time 828:831 the first time 818:831 the first time 818:831 This structure is found for the first time. 25231460 7 7 theme VKM 1315:1317 arg1 T 1327:1327 composta VKM Ac-2521(T) 1306:1328 composta VKM Ac-2521(T) 1306:1328 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis composta VKM Ac-2520 and N. composta VKM Ac-2521(T) contain only one TA, namely 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially substituted with N-acetyl-α-glucosamine. 25231460 5 8 theme major 838:842 arg1 TA 844:845 The major TA 834:845 The major TA of N. halotolerans 834:864 The major TA of N. halotolerans has a hitherto unknown structure: poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate), the N-acetyl-β-galactosamine being acetalated with pyruvic acid at positions 4 and 6. 25231460 1 9 from species 259:265 arg1 structures 201:210 The structures 197:210 The structures of the cell wall teichoic acids (TA) from some species of the genus Nocardiopsis 197:291 The structures of the cell wall teichoic acids (TA) from some species of the genus Nocardiopsis were established by chemical and NMR spectroscopic methods. 25231460 10 10 theme N. 1681:1682 arg1 composta 1684:1691 N. composta 1681:1691 N. composta 1681:1691 The structure of the minor TA is the same as that of N. composta. 25231460 2 11 theme phosphate-glycosylpolyol 516:539 arg1 phosphate 541:549 polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate 509:549 polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate 509:549 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) both contain two TA with unique structures-poly(polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate)-belonging to the type IV TA. 25231460 2 11 theme phosphate-glycosylpolyol 516:539 arg1 structures-poly 493:507 unique structures-poly 486:507 unique structures-poly(polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate)-belonging to the type IV TA 486:578 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) both contain two TA with unique structures-poly(polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate)-belonging to the type IV TA. 25231460 6 12 theme sugar 1240:1244 arg1 C-3 1223:1225 C-3 1223:1225 C-3 1223:1225 The major TA of N. synnemataformans is a poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) with the phosphodiester bond between C-3 of glycerol and C-3 of the amino sugar. 25231460 6 12 theme sugar 1240:1244 arg1 glycerol 1210:1217 glycerol 1210:1217 glycerol 1210:1217 The major TA of N. synnemataformans is a poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) with the phosphodiester bond between C-3 of glycerol and C-3 of the amino sugar. 25231460 11 13 theme phylogenetic 1740:1751 arg1 grouping 1753:1760 the phylogenetic grouping 1736:1760 the phylogenetic grouping of strains 1736:1771 The results presented correlate well with the phylogenetic grouping of strains and confirm the species and strain specific features of cell wall TA in members of the genus Nocardiopsis. 25231460 11 14 theme Nocardiopsis 1866:1877 arg1 members 1845:1851 members 1845:1851 members of the genus Nocardiopsis 1845:1877 The results presented correlate well with the phylogenetic grouping of strains and confirm the species and strain specific features of cell wall TA in members of the genus Nocardiopsis. 25231460 1 15 theme wall 224:227 arg1 structures 201:210 The structures 197:210 The structures of the cell wall teichoic acids (TA) from some species of the genus Nocardiopsis 197:291 The structures of the cell wall teichoic acids (TA) from some species of the genus Nocardiopsis were established by chemical and NMR spectroscopic methods. 25231460 2 16 theme type 569:572 arg1 TA 577:578 the type IV TA 565:578 the type IV TA 565:578 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) both contain two TA with unique structures-poly(polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate)-belonging to the type IV TA. 25231460 8 17 theme cell 1442:1445 arg1 wall 1447:1450 The cell wall 1438:1450 The cell wall of Nocardiopsis metallicus VKM Ac-2522(T) 1438:1492 The cell wall of Nocardiopsis metallicus VKM Ac-2522(T) contains two TA. 25231460 11 18 from TA 1839:1840 arg1 members 1845:1851 members 1845:1851 members of the genus Nocardiopsis 1845:1877 The results presented correlate well with the phylogenetic grouping of strains and confirm the species and strain specific features of cell wall TA in members of the genus Nocardiopsis. 25231460 5 19 theme unknown 881:887 arg1 N-acetyl-β-galactosamine 974:997 the N-acetyl-β-galactosamine 970:997 the N-acetyl-β-galactosamine being acetalated with pyruvic acid at positions 4 and 6 970:1053 The major TA of N. halotolerans has a hitherto unknown structure: poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate), the N-acetyl-β-galactosamine being acetalated with pyruvic acid at positions 4 and 6. 25231460 5 19 theme unknown 881:887 arg1 structure 889:897 a hitherto unknown structure 870:897 a hitherto unknown structure: poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) 870:967 The major TA of N. halotolerans has a hitherto unknown structure: poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate), the N-acetyl-β-galactosamine being acetalated with pyruvic acid at positions 4 and 6. 25231460 0 20 from halotolerans 108:119 arg1 acids 53:57 cell wall teichoic acids 34:57 cell wall teichoic acids from Nocardiopsis synnemataformans, Nocardiopsis halotolerans, Nocardiopsis composta and Nocardiopsis metallicus 34:170 New structures and composition of cell wall teichoic acids from Nocardiopsis synnemataformans, Nocardiopsis halotolerans, Nocardiopsis composta and Nocardiopsis metallicus: a chemotaxonomic value. 25231460 0 20 from halotolerans 108:119 arg1 composition 19:29 composition 19:29 composition 19:29 New structures and composition of cell wall teichoic acids from Nocardiopsis synnemataformans, Nocardiopsis halotolerans, Nocardiopsis composta and Nocardiopsis metallicus: a chemotaxonomic value. 25231460 0 20 from halotolerans 108:119 arg1 structures 4:13 New structures 0:13 New structures 0:13 New structures and composition of cell wall teichoic acids from Nocardiopsis synnemataformans, Nocardiopsis halotolerans, Nocardiopsis composta and Nocardiopsis metallicus: a chemotaxonomic value. 25231460 6 21 theme C-3 1223:1225 arg1 C-3 1203:1205 C-3 1203:1205 C-3 of glycerol and C-3 of the amino sugar 1203:1244 The major TA of N. synnemataformans is a poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) with the phosphodiester bond between C-3 of glycerol and C-3 of the amino sugar. 25231460 11 22 from members 1845:1851 arg1 species 1789:1795 the species 1785:1795 the species 1785:1795 The results presented correlate well with the phylogenetic grouping of strains and confirm the species and strain specific features of cell wall TA in members of the genus Nocardiopsis. 25231460 11 22 from members 1845:1851 arg1 features 1817:1824 strain specific features 1801:1824 strain specific features 1801:1824 The results presented correlate well with the phylogenetic grouping of strains and confirm the species and strain specific features of cell wall TA in members of the genus Nocardiopsis. 25231460 9 23 theme ribitol 1536:1542 arg1 1,5-poly 1527:1534 1,5-poly 1527:1534 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate) 1527:1553 The major TA is 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate), each ribitol unit carrying a pyruvate ketal group at positions 2 and 4. 25231460 9 23 theme ribitol 1536:1542 arg1 phosphate 1544:1552 ribitol phosphate 1536:1552 ribitol phosphate 1536:1552 The major TA is 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate), each ribitol unit carrying a pyruvate ketal group at positions 2 and 4. 25231460 6 24 theme glycerol 1210:1217 arg1 C-3 1203:1205 C-3 1203:1205 C-3 of glycerol and C-3 of the amino sugar 1203:1244 The major TA of N. synnemataformans is a poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) with the phosphodiester bond between C-3 of glycerol and C-3 of the amino sugar. 25231460 5 25 contain has 866:868 arg2 N-acetyl-β-galactosamine 974:997 the N-acetyl-β-galactosamine 970:997 the N-acetyl-β-galactosamine being acetalated with pyruvic acid at positions 4 and 6 970:1053 The major TA of N. halotolerans has a hitherto unknown structure: poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate), the N-acetyl-β-galactosamine being acetalated with pyruvic acid at positions 4 and 6. 25231460 5 25 contain has 866:868 arg2 structure 889:897 a hitherto unknown structure 870:897 a hitherto unknown structure: poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) 870:967 The major TA of N. halotolerans has a hitherto unknown structure: poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate), the N-acetyl-β-galactosamine being acetalated with pyruvic acid at positions 4 and 6. 25231460 5 25 contain has 866:868 arg1 TA 844:845 The major TA 834:845 The major TA of N. halotolerans 834:864 The major TA of N. halotolerans has a hitherto unknown structure: poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate), the N-acetyl-β-galactosamine being acetalated with pyruvic acid at positions 4 and 6. 25231460 3 26 theme amino 777:781 arg1 sugar 783:787 the amino sugar 773:787 the amino sugar 773:787 In both organisms, the minor TA have identical structures: poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) with the phosphodiester bond between C-3 of glycerol and C-4 of the amino sugar. 25231460 0 27 theme acids 53:57 arg1 composition 19:29 composition 19:29 composition 19:29 New structures and composition of cell wall teichoic acids from Nocardiopsis synnemataformans, Nocardiopsis halotolerans, Nocardiopsis composta and Nocardiopsis metallicus: a chemotaxonomic value. 25231460 0 27 theme acids 53:57 arg1 structures 4:13 New structures 0:13 New structures 0:13 New structures and composition of cell wall teichoic acids from Nocardiopsis synnemataformans, Nocardiopsis halotolerans, Nocardiopsis composta and Nocardiopsis metallicus: a chemotaxonomic value. 25231460 5 28 theme halotolerans 853:864 arg1 TA 844:845 The major TA 834:845 The major TA of N. halotolerans 834:864 The major TA of N. halotolerans has a hitherto unknown structure: poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate), the N-acetyl-β-galactosamine being acetalated with pyruvic acid at positions 4 and 6. 25231460 8 29 theme Ac-2522 1483:1489 arg1 wall 1447:1450 The cell wall 1438:1450 The cell wall of Nocardiopsis metallicus VKM Ac-2522(T) 1438:1492 The cell wall of Nocardiopsis metallicus VKM Ac-2522(T) contains two TA. 25231460 1 30 theme spectroscopic 330:342 arg1 methods 344:350 chemical and NMR spectroscopic methods 313:350 chemical and NMR spectroscopic methods 313:350 The structures of the cell wall teichoic acids (TA) from some species of the genus Nocardiopsis were established by chemical and NMR spectroscopic methods. 25231460 11 31 from species 1789:1795 arg1 members 1845:1851 members 1845:1851 members of the genus Nocardiopsis 1845:1877 The results presented correlate well with the phylogenetic grouping of strains and confirm the species and strain specific features of cell wall TA in members of the genus Nocardiopsis. 25231460 5 32 dep structure 889:897 arg1 poly 900:903 poly 900:903 a hitherto unknown structure: poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) 870:967 The major TA of N. halotolerans has a hitherto unknown structure: poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate), the N-acetyl-β-galactosamine being acetalated with pyruvic acid at positions 4 and 6. 25231460 5 32 dep structure 889:897 arg1 phosphate 958:966 glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate 905:966 glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate 905:966 The major TA of N. halotolerans has a hitherto unknown structure: poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate), the N-acetyl-β-galactosamine being acetalated with pyruvic acid at positions 4 and 6. 25231460 2 33 with TA 478:479 arg1 phosphate 541:549 polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate 509:549 polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate 509:549 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) both contain two TA with unique structures-poly(polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate)-belonging to the type IV TA. 25231460 2 33 with TA 478:479 arg1 structures-poly 493:507 unique structures-poly 486:507 unique structures-poly(polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate)-belonging to the type IV TA 486:578 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) both contain two TA with unique structures-poly(polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate)-belonging to the type IV TA. 25231460 9 34 theme major 1515:1519 arg1 TA 1521:1522 The major TA 1511:1522 The major TA 1511:1522 The major TA is 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate), each ribitol unit carrying a pyruvate ketal group at positions 2 and 4. 25231460 9 34 theme major 1515:1519 arg1 1,5-poly 1527:1534 1,5-poly 1527:1534 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate) 1527:1553 The major TA is 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate), each ribitol unit carrying a pyruvate ketal group at positions 2 and 4. 25231460 2 35 theme unique 486:491 arg1 phosphate 541:549 polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate 509:549 polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate 509:549 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) both contain two TA with unique structures-poly(polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate)-belonging to the type IV TA. 25231460 2 35 theme unique 486:491 arg1 structures-poly 493:507 unique structures-poly 486:507 unique structures-poly(polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate)-belonging to the type IV TA 486:578 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) both contain two TA with unique structures-poly(polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate)-belonging to the type IV TA. 25231460 2 36 theme VKM 401:403 arg1 synnemataformans 384:399 Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) 371:459 Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) 371:459 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) both contain two TA with unique structures-poly(polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate)-belonging to the type IV TA. 25231460 2 36 theme VKM 401:403 arg1 T 413:413 VKM Ac-2518(T) 401:414 VKM Ac-2518(T) 401:414 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) both contain two TA with unique structures-poly(polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate)-belonging to the type IV TA. 25231460 7 37 dep VKM 1287:1289 arg1 T 1327:1327 composta VKM Ac-2521(T) 1306:1328 composta VKM Ac-2521(T) 1306:1328 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis composta VKM Ac-2520 and N. composta VKM Ac-2521(T) contain only one TA, namely 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially substituted with N-acetyl-α-glucosamine. 25231460 2 38 theme VKM 446:448 arg1 synnemataformans 384:399 Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) 371:459 Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) 371:459 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) both contain two TA with unique structures-poly(polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate)-belonging to the type IV TA. 25231460 2 38 theme VKM 446:448 arg1 T 458:458 Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) 420:459 Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) 420:459 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) both contain two TA with unique structures-poly(polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate)-belonging to the type IV TA. 25231460 2 39 theme Nocardiopsis 371:382 arg1 synnemataformans 384:399 Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) 371:459 Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) 371:459 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) both contain two TA with unique structures-poly(polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate)-belonging to the type IV TA. 25231460 2 39 theme Nocardiopsis 371:382 arg1 T 413:413 VKM Ac-2518(T) 401:414 VKM Ac-2518(T) 401:414 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) both contain two TA with unique structures-poly(polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate)-belonging to the type IV TA. 25231460 2 39 theme Nocardiopsis 371:382 arg1 T 458:458 Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) 420:459 Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) 420:459 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) both contain two TA with unique structures-poly(polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate)-belonging to the type IV TA. 25231460 0 40 theme New 0:2 arg1 structures 4:13 New structures 0:13 New structures 0:13 New structures and composition of cell wall teichoic acids from Nocardiopsis synnemataformans, Nocardiopsis halotolerans, Nocardiopsis composta and Nocardiopsis metallicus: a chemotaxonomic value. 25231460 7 41 theme Ac-2521 1319:1325 arg1 T 1327:1327 composta VKM Ac-2521(T) 1306:1328 composta VKM Ac-2521(T) 1306:1328 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis composta VKM Ac-2520 and N. composta VKM Ac-2521(T) contain only one TA, namely 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially substituted with N-acetyl-α-glucosamine. 25231460 2 42 theme Nocardiopsis 420:431 arg1 synnemataformans 384:399 Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) 371:459 Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) 371:459 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) both contain two TA with unique structures-poly(polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate)-belonging to the type IV TA. 25231460 2 42 theme Nocardiopsis 420:431 arg1 T 458:458 Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) 420:459 Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) 420:459 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) both contain two TA with unique structures-poly(polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate)-belonging to the type IV TA. 25231460 11 43 from features 1817:1824 arg1 members 1845:1851 members 1845:1851 members of the genus Nocardiopsis 1845:1877 The results presented correlate well with the phylogenetic grouping of strains and confirm the species and strain specific features of cell wall TA in members of the genus Nocardiopsis. 25231460 1 44 theme genus 274:278 arg1 Nocardiopsis 280:291 the genus Nocardiopsis 270:291 the genus Nocardiopsis 270:291 The structures of the cell wall teichoic acids (TA) from some species of the genus Nocardiopsis were established by chemical and NMR spectroscopic methods. 25231460 5 45 theme phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol 914:956 arg1 poly 900:903 poly 900:903 a hitherto unknown structure: poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) 870:967 The major TA of N. halotolerans has a hitherto unknown structure: poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate), the N-acetyl-β-galactosamine being acetalated with pyruvic acid at positions 4 and 6. 25231460 5 45 theme phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol 914:956 arg1 phosphate 958:966 glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate 905:966 glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate 905:966 The major TA of N. halotolerans has a hitherto unknown structure: poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate), the N-acetyl-β-galactosamine being acetalated with pyruvic acid at positions 4 and 6. 25231460 7 46 theme composta 1306:1313 arg1 T 1327:1327 composta VKM Ac-2521(T) 1306:1328 composta VKM Ac-2521(T) 1306:1328 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis composta VKM Ac-2520 and N. composta VKM Ac-2521(T) contain only one TA, namely 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially substituted with N-acetyl-α-glucosamine. 25231460 3 47 theme identical 618:626 arg1 structures 628:637 identical structures 618:637 identical structures: poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) 618:707 In both organisms, the minor TA have identical structures: poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) with the phosphodiester bond between C-3 of glycerol and C-4 of the amino sugar. 25231460 11 48 theme wall 1834:1837 arg1 TA 1839:1840 cell wall TA 1829:1840 cell wall TA in members of the genus Nocardiopsis 1829:1877 The results presented correlate well with the phylogenetic grouping of strains and confirm the species and strain specific features of cell wall TA in members of the genus Nocardiopsis. 25231460 2 49 contain contain 466:472 arg2 TA 478:479 two TA 474:479 two TA with unique structures-poly(polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate)-belonging to the type IV TA 474:578 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) both contain two TA with unique structures-poly(polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate)-belonging to the type IV TA. 25231460 2 49 contain contain 466:472 arg1 walls 362:366 The cell walls 353:366 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) 353:459 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) both contain two TA with unique structures-poly(polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate)-belonging to the type IV TA. 25231460 0 50 theme wall 39:42 arg1 acids 53:57 cell wall teichoic acids 34:57 cell wall teichoic acids from Nocardiopsis synnemataformans, Nocardiopsis halotolerans, Nocardiopsis composta and Nocardiopsis metallicus 34:170 New structures and composition of cell wall teichoic acids from Nocardiopsis synnemataformans, Nocardiopsis halotolerans, Nocardiopsis composta and Nocardiopsis metallicus: a chemotaxonomic value. 25231460 9 51 theme ribitol 1561:1567 arg1 1,5-poly 1527:1534 1,5-poly 1527:1534 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate) 1527:1553 The major TA is 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate), each ribitol unit carrying a pyruvate ketal group at positions 2 and 4. 25231460 9 51 theme ribitol 1561:1567 arg1 unit 1569:1572 each ribitol unit 1556:1572 each ribitol unit carrying a pyruvate ketal group at positions 2 and 4 1556:1625 The major TA is 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate), each ribitol unit carrying a pyruvate ketal group at positions 2 and 4. 25231460 6 52 theme glycerol 1102:1109 arg1 phosphate 1155:1163 glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate 1102:1163 glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate 1102:1163 The major TA of N. synnemataformans is a poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) with the phosphodiester bond between C-3 of glycerol and C-3 of the amino sugar. 25231460 6 52 theme glycerol 1102:1109 arg1 poly 1097:1100 a poly 1095:1100 a poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) with the phosphodiester bond between C-3 of glycerol and C-3 of the amino sugar 1095:1244 The major TA of N. synnemataformans is a poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) with the phosphodiester bond between C-3 of glycerol and C-3 of the amino sugar. 25231460 7 53 contain contain 1330:1336 arg2 1,3-poly 1358:1365 1,3-poly 1358:1365 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) 1358:1385 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis composta VKM Ac-2520 and N. composta VKM Ac-2521(T) contain only one TA, namely 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially substituted with N-acetyl-α-glucosamine. 25231460 7 53 contain contain 1330:1336 arg1 walls 1256:1260 The cell walls 1247:1260 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis composta VKM Ac-2520 and N. composta VKM Ac-2521(T) 1247:1328 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis composta VKM Ac-2520 and N. composta VKM Ac-2521(T) contain only one TA, namely 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially substituted with N-acetyl-α-glucosamine. 25231460 7 53 contain contain 1330:1336 arg2 TA 1347:1348 only one TA 1338:1348 only one TA 1338:1348 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis composta VKM Ac-2520 and N. composta VKM Ac-2521(T) contain only one TA, namely 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially substituted with N-acetyl-α-glucosamine. 25231460 11 54 theme TA 1839:1840 arg1 species 1789:1795 the species 1785:1795 the species 1785:1795 The results presented correlate well with the phylogenetic grouping of strains and confirm the species and strain specific features of cell wall TA in members of the genus Nocardiopsis. 25231460 11 54 theme TA 1839:1840 arg1 features 1817:1824 strain specific features 1801:1824 strain specific features 1801:1824 The results presented correlate well with the phylogenetic grouping of strains and confirm the species and strain specific features of cell wall TA in members of the genus Nocardiopsis. 25231460 9 55 theme pyruvate 1585:1592 arg1 group 1600:1604 a pyruvate ketal group 1583:1604 a pyruvate ketal group 1583:1604 The major TA is 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate), each ribitol unit carrying a pyruvate ketal group at positions 2 and 4. 25231460 10 56 theme TA 1655:1656 arg1 same 1665:1668 same 1665:1668 same 1665:1668 The structure of the minor TA is the same as that of N. composta. 25231460 10 56 theme TA 1655:1656 arg1 structure 1632:1640 The structure 1628:1640 The structure of the minor TA 1628:1656 The structure of the minor TA is the same as that of N. composta. 25231460 3 57 dep structures 628:637 arg1 phosphate 698:706 glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate 645:706 glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate 645:706 In both organisms, the minor TA have identical structures: poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) with the phosphodiester bond between C-3 of glycerol and C-4 of the amino sugar. 25231460 3 57 dep structures 628:637 arg1 poly 640:643 poly 640:643 identical structures: poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) 618:707 In both organisms, the minor TA have identical structures: poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) with the phosphodiester bond between C-3 of glycerol and C-4 of the amino sugar. 25231460 6 58 theme N. 1072:1073 arg1 synnemataformans 1075:1090 N. synnemataformans 1072:1090 N. synnemataformans 1072:1090 The major TA of N. synnemataformans is a poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) with the phosphodiester bond between C-3 of glycerol and C-3 of the amino sugar. 25231460 3 59 theme phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol 654:696 arg1 phosphate 698:706 glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate 645:706 glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate 645:706 In both organisms, the minor TA have identical structures: poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) with the phosphodiester bond between C-3 of glycerol and C-4 of the amino sugar. 25231460 3 59 theme phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol 654:696 arg1 poly 640:643 poly 640:643 identical structures: poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) 618:707 In both organisms, the minor TA have identical structures: poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) with the phosphodiester bond between C-3 of glycerol and C-4 of the amino sugar. 25231460 2 60 theme IV 574:575 arg1 TA 577:578 the type IV TA 565:578 the type IV TA 565:578 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) both contain two TA with unique structures-poly(polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate)-belonging to the type IV TA. 25231460 0 61 from metallicus 161:170 arg1 acids 53:57 cell wall teichoic acids 34:57 cell wall teichoic acids from Nocardiopsis synnemataformans, Nocardiopsis halotolerans, Nocardiopsis composta and Nocardiopsis metallicus 34:170 New structures and composition of cell wall teichoic acids from Nocardiopsis synnemataformans, Nocardiopsis halotolerans, Nocardiopsis composta and Nocardiopsis metallicus: a chemotaxonomic value. 25231460 0 61 from metallicus 161:170 arg1 composition 19:29 composition 19:29 composition 19:29 New structures and composition of cell wall teichoic acids from Nocardiopsis synnemataformans, Nocardiopsis halotolerans, Nocardiopsis composta and Nocardiopsis metallicus: a chemotaxonomic value. 25231460 0 61 from metallicus 161:170 arg1 structures 4:13 New structures 0:13 New structures 0:13 New structures and composition of cell wall teichoic acids from Nocardiopsis synnemataformans, Nocardiopsis halotolerans, Nocardiopsis composta and Nocardiopsis metallicus: a chemotaxonomic value. 25231460 6 62 theme phosphodiester 1175:1188 arg1 bond 1190:1193 the phosphodiester bond 1171:1193 the phosphodiester bond between C-3 of glycerol and C-3 of the amino sugar 1171:1244 The major TA of N. synnemataformans is a poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) with the phosphodiester bond between C-3 of glycerol and C-3 of the amino sugar. 25231460 8 63 contain contains 1494:1501 arg1 wall 1447:1450 The cell wall 1438:1450 The cell wall of Nocardiopsis metallicus VKM Ac-2522(T) 1438:1492 The cell wall of Nocardiopsis metallicus VKM Ac-2522(T) contains two TA. 25231460 8 63 contain contains 1494:1501 arg2 TA 1507:1508 two TA 1503:1508 two TA 1503:1508 The cell wall of Nocardiopsis metallicus VKM Ac-2522(T) contains two TA. 25231460 3 64 theme glycerol 753:760 arg1 C-4 766:768 C-4 766:768 C-4 766:768 In both organisms, the minor TA have identical structures: poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) with the phosphodiester bond between C-3 of glycerol and C-4 of the amino sugar. 25231460 3 64 theme glycerol 753:760 arg1 C-3 746:748 C-3 746:748 C-3 of glycerol 746:760 In both organisms, the minor TA have identical structures: poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) with the phosphodiester bond between C-3 of glycerol and C-4 of the amino sugar. 25231460 5 65 from positions 1037:1045 arg1 acid 1029:1032 pyruvic acid 1021:1032 pyruvic acid at positions 4 and 6 1021:1053 The major TA of N. halotolerans has a hitherto unknown structure: poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate), the N-acetyl-β-galactosamine being acetalated with pyruvic acid at positions 4 and 6. 25231460 0 66 from synnemataformans 77:92 arg1 acids 53:57 cell wall teichoic acids 34:57 cell wall teichoic acids from Nocardiopsis synnemataformans, Nocardiopsis halotolerans, Nocardiopsis composta and Nocardiopsis metallicus 34:170 New structures and composition of cell wall teichoic acids from Nocardiopsis synnemataformans, Nocardiopsis halotolerans, Nocardiopsis composta and Nocardiopsis metallicus: a chemotaxonomic value. 25231460 0 66 from synnemataformans 77:92 arg1 composition 19:29 composition 19:29 composition 19:29 New structures and composition of cell wall teichoic acids from Nocardiopsis synnemataformans, Nocardiopsis halotolerans, Nocardiopsis composta and Nocardiopsis metallicus: a chemotaxonomic value. 25231460 0 66 from synnemataformans 77:92 arg1 structures 4:13 New structures 0:13 New structures 0:13 New structures and composition of cell wall teichoic acids from Nocardiopsis synnemataformans, Nocardiopsis halotolerans, Nocardiopsis composta and Nocardiopsis metallicus: a chemotaxonomic value. 25231460 7 67 theme glycerol 1367:1374 arg1 phosphate 1376:1384 glycerol phosphate 1367:1384 glycerol phosphate 1367:1384 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis composta VKM Ac-2520 and N. composta VKM Ac-2521(T) contain only one TA, namely 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially substituted with N-acetyl-α-glucosamine. 25231460 7 67 theme glycerol 1367:1374 arg1 1,3-poly 1358:1365 1,3-poly 1358:1365 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) 1358:1385 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis composta VKM Ac-2520 and N. composta VKM Ac-2521(T) contain only one TA, namely 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially substituted with N-acetyl-α-glucosamine. 25231460 7 68 theme VKM 1287:1289 arg1 walls 1256:1260 The cell walls 1247:1260 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis composta VKM Ac-2520 and N. composta VKM Ac-2521(T) 1247:1328 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis composta VKM Ac-2520 and N. composta VKM Ac-2521(T) contain only one TA, namely 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially substituted with N-acetyl-α-glucosamine. 25231460 11 69 theme genus 1860:1864 arg1 Nocardiopsis 1866:1877 the genus Nocardiopsis 1856:1877 the genus Nocardiopsis 1856:1877 The results presented correlate well with the phylogenetic grouping of strains and confirm the species and strain specific features of cell wall TA in members of the genus Nocardiopsis. 25231460 1 70 theme cell 219:222 arg1 wall 224:227 the cell wall teichoic acids (TA) 215:247 the cell wall teichoic acids (TA) 215:247 The structures of the cell wall teichoic acids (TA) from some species of the genus Nocardiopsis were established by chemical and NMR spectroscopic methods. 25231460 2 71 theme polyol 509:514 arg1 phosphate 541:549 polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate 509:549 polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate 509:549 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) both contain two TA with unique structures-poly(polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate)-belonging to the type IV TA. 25231460 2 71 theme polyol 509:514 arg1 structures-poly 493:507 unique structures-poly 486:507 unique structures-poly(polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate)-belonging to the type IV TA 486:578 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) both contain two TA with unique structures-poly(polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate)-belonging to the type IV TA. 25231460 6 72 theme amino 1234:1238 arg1 sugar 1240:1244 the amino sugar 1230:1244 the amino sugar 1230:1244 The major TA of N. synnemataformans is a poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) with the phosphodiester bond between C-3 of glycerol and C-3 of the amino sugar. 25231460 3 73 contain have 613:616 arg1 TA 610:611 the minor TA 600:611 the minor TA 600:611 In both organisms, the minor TA have identical structures: poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) with the phosphodiester bond between C-3 of glycerol and C-4 of the amino sugar. 25231460 3 73 contain have 613:616 arg2 structures 628:637 identical structures 618:637 identical structures: poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) 618:707 In both organisms, the minor TA have identical structures: poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) with the phosphodiester bond between C-3 of glycerol and C-4 of the amino sugar. 25231460 9 74 contain carrying 1574:1581 arg2 group 1600:1604 a pyruvate ketal group 1583:1604 a pyruvate ketal group 1583:1604 The major TA is 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate), each ribitol unit carrying a pyruvate ketal group at positions 2 and 4. 25231460 9 74 contain carrying 1574:1581 arg1 unit 1569:1572 each ribitol unit 1556:1572 each ribitol unit carrying a pyruvate ketal group at positions 2 and 4 1556:1625 The major TA is 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate), each ribitol unit carrying a pyruvate ketal group at positions 2 and 4. 25231460 9 74 contain carrying 1574:1581 arg1 1,5-poly 1527:1534 1,5-poly 1527:1534 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate) 1527:1553 The major TA is 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate), each ribitol unit carrying a pyruvate ketal group at positions 2 and 4. 25231460 8 75 theme Nocardiopsis 1455:1466 arg1 T 1491:1491 T 1491:1491 T 1491:1491 The cell wall of Nocardiopsis metallicus VKM Ac-2522(T) contains two TA. 25231460 8 75 theme Nocardiopsis 1455:1466 arg1 Ac-2522 1483:1489 Nocardiopsis metallicus VKM Ac-2522 1455:1489 Nocardiopsis metallicus VKM Ac-2522(T) 1455:1492 The cell wall of Nocardiopsis metallicus VKM Ac-2522(T) contains two TA. 25231460 0 76 theme chemotaxonomic 175:188 arg1 value 190:194 a chemotaxonomic value 173:194 a chemotaxonomic value 173:194 New structures and composition of cell wall teichoic acids from Nocardiopsis synnemataformans, Nocardiopsis halotolerans, Nocardiopsis composta and Nocardiopsis metallicus: a chemotaxonomic value. 25231460 2 77 theme -belonging 551:560 arg1 phosphate 541:549 polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate 509:549 polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate 509:549 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) both contain two TA with unique structures-poly(polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate)-belonging to the type IV TA. 25231460 2 77 theme -belonging 551:560 arg1 structures-poly 493:507 unique structures-poly 486:507 unique structures-poly(polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate)-belonging to the type IV TA 486:578 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) both contain two TA with unique structures-poly(polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate)-belonging to the type IV TA. 25231460 8 78 theme VKM 1479:1481 arg1 T 1491:1491 T 1491:1491 T 1491:1491 The cell wall of Nocardiopsis metallicus VKM Ac-2522(T) contains two TA. 25231460 8 78 theme VKM 1479:1481 arg1 Ac-2522 1483:1489 Nocardiopsis metallicus VKM Ac-2522 1455:1489 Nocardiopsis metallicus VKM Ac-2522(T) 1455:1492 The cell wall of Nocardiopsis metallicus VKM Ac-2522(T) contains two TA. 25231460 5 79 theme N. 850:851 arg1 halotolerans 853:864 N. halotolerans 850:864 N. halotolerans 850:864 The major TA of N. halotolerans has a hitherto unknown structure: poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate), the N-acetyl-β-galactosamine being acetalated with pyruvic acid at positions 4 and 6. 25231460 0 80 from composition 19:29 arg1 synnemataformans 77:92 Nocardiopsis synnemataformans 64:92 Nocardiopsis synnemataformans 64:92 New structures and composition of cell wall teichoic acids from Nocardiopsis synnemataformans, Nocardiopsis halotolerans, Nocardiopsis composta and Nocardiopsis metallicus: a chemotaxonomic value. 25231460 0 80 from composition 19:29 arg1 halotolerans 108:119 Nocardiopsis halotolerans 95:119 Nocardiopsis halotolerans 95:119 New structures and composition of cell wall teichoic acids from Nocardiopsis synnemataformans, Nocardiopsis halotolerans, Nocardiopsis composta and Nocardiopsis metallicus: a chemotaxonomic value. 25231460 0 80 from composition 19:29 arg1 composta 135:142 Nocardiopsis composta 122:142 Nocardiopsis composta 122:142 New structures and composition of cell wall teichoic acids from Nocardiopsis synnemataformans, Nocardiopsis halotolerans, Nocardiopsis composta and Nocardiopsis metallicus: a chemotaxonomic value. 25231460 0 80 from composition 19:29 arg1 metallicus 161:170 Nocardiopsis metallicus 148:170 Nocardiopsis metallicus 148:170 New structures and composition of cell wall teichoic acids from Nocardiopsis synnemataformans, Nocardiopsis halotolerans, Nocardiopsis composta and Nocardiopsis metallicus: a chemotaxonomic value. 25231460 1 81 theme teichoic 229:236 arg1 TA 245:246 TA 245:246 TA 245:246 The structures of the cell wall teichoic acids (TA) from some species of the genus Nocardiopsis were established by chemical and NMR spectroscopic methods. 25231460 1 81 theme teichoic 229:236 arg1 acids 238:242 teichoic acids 229:242 the cell wall teichoic acids (TA) 215:247 The structures of the cell wall teichoic acids (TA) from some species of the genus Nocardiopsis were established by chemical and NMR spectroscopic methods. 25231460 3 82 theme sugar 783:787 arg1 C-4 766:768 C-4 766:768 C-4 766:768 In both organisms, the minor TA have identical structures: poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) with the phosphodiester bond between C-3 of glycerol and C-4 of the amino sugar. 25231460 3 82 theme sugar 783:787 arg1 C-3 746:748 C-3 746:748 C-3 of glycerol 746:760 In both organisms, the minor TA have identical structures: poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) with the phosphodiester bond between C-3 of glycerol and C-4 of the amino sugar. 25231460 0 83 from structures 4:13 arg1 synnemataformans 77:92 Nocardiopsis synnemataformans 64:92 Nocardiopsis synnemataformans 64:92 New structures and composition of cell wall teichoic acids from Nocardiopsis synnemataformans, Nocardiopsis halotolerans, Nocardiopsis composta and Nocardiopsis metallicus: a chemotaxonomic value. 25231460 0 83 from structures 4:13 arg1 halotolerans 108:119 Nocardiopsis halotolerans 95:119 Nocardiopsis halotolerans 95:119 New structures and composition of cell wall teichoic acids from Nocardiopsis synnemataformans, Nocardiopsis halotolerans, Nocardiopsis composta and Nocardiopsis metallicus: a chemotaxonomic value. 25231460 0 83 from structures 4:13 arg1 composta 135:142 Nocardiopsis composta 122:142 Nocardiopsis composta 122:142 New structures and composition of cell wall teichoic acids from Nocardiopsis synnemataformans, Nocardiopsis halotolerans, Nocardiopsis composta and Nocardiopsis metallicus: a chemotaxonomic value. 25231460 0 83 from structures 4:13 arg1 metallicus 161:170 Nocardiopsis metallicus 148:170 Nocardiopsis metallicus 148:170 New structures and composition of cell wall teichoic acids from Nocardiopsis synnemataformans, Nocardiopsis halotolerans, Nocardiopsis composta and Nocardiopsis metallicus: a chemotaxonomic value. 25231460 2 84 dep Nocardiopsis 420:431 arg1 halotolerans 433:444 halotolerans 433:444 halotolerans 433:444 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) both contain two TA with unique structures-poly(polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate)-belonging to the type IV TA. 25231460 2 85 theme synnemataformans 384:399 arg1 walls 362:366 The cell walls 353:366 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) 353:459 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) both contain two TA with unique structures-poly(polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate)-belonging to the type IV TA. 25231460 11 86 theme specific 1808:1815 arg1 features 1817:1824 strain specific features 1801:1824 strain specific features 1801:1824 The results presented correlate well with the phylogenetic grouping of strains and confirm the species and strain specific features of cell wall TA in members of the genus Nocardiopsis. 25231460 6 87 theme major 1060:1064 arg1 TA 1066:1067 The major TA 1056:1067 The major TA of N. synnemataformans 1056:1090 The major TA of N. synnemataformans is a poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) with the phosphodiester bond between C-3 of glycerol and C-3 of the amino sugar. 25231460 6 87 theme major 1060:1064 arg1 poly 1097:1100 a poly 1095:1100 a poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) with the phosphodiester bond between C-3 of glycerol and C-3 of the amino sugar 1095:1244 The major TA of N. synnemataformans is a poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) with the phosphodiester bond between C-3 of glycerol and C-3 of the amino sugar. 25231460 5 88 theme glycerol 905:912 arg1 poly 900:903 poly 900:903 a hitherto unknown structure: poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) 870:967 The major TA of N. halotolerans has a hitherto unknown structure: poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate), the N-acetyl-β-galactosamine being acetalated with pyruvic acid at positions 4 and 6. 25231460 5 88 theme glycerol 905:912 arg1 phosphate 958:966 glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate 905:966 glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate 905:966 The major TA of N. halotolerans has a hitherto unknown structure: poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate), the N-acetyl-β-galactosamine being acetalated with pyruvic acid at positions 4 and 6. 25231460 7 89 theme N. 1303:1304 arg1 walls 1256:1260 The cell walls 1247:1260 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis composta VKM Ac-2520 and N. composta VKM Ac-2521(T) 1247:1328 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis composta VKM Ac-2520 and N. composta VKM Ac-2521(T) contain only one TA, namely 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially substituted with N-acetyl-α-glucosamine. 25231460 0 90 theme cell 34:37 arg1 acids 53:57 cell wall teichoic acids 34:57 cell wall teichoic acids from Nocardiopsis synnemataformans, Nocardiopsis halotolerans, Nocardiopsis composta and Nocardiopsis metallicus 34:170 New structures and composition of cell wall teichoic acids from Nocardiopsis synnemataformans, Nocardiopsis halotolerans, Nocardiopsis composta and Nocardiopsis metallicus: a chemotaxonomic value. 25231460 1 91 theme Nocardiopsis 280:291 arg1 species 259:265 some species 254:265 some species of the genus Nocardiopsis 254:291 The structures of the cell wall teichoic acids (TA) from some species of the genus Nocardiopsis were established by chemical and NMR spectroscopic methods. 25231460 5 92 theme pyruvic 1021:1027 arg1 acid 1029:1032 pyruvic acid 1021:1032 pyruvic acid at positions 4 and 6 1021:1053 The major TA of N. halotolerans has a hitherto unknown structure: poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate), the N-acetyl-β-galactosamine being acetalated with pyruvic acid at positions 4 and 6. 25231460 3 93 theme minor 604:608 arg1 TA 610:611 the minor TA 600:611 the minor TA 600:611 In both organisms, the minor TA have identical structures: poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) with the phosphodiester bond between C-3 of glycerol and C-4 of the amino sugar. 25231460 2 94 theme Ac-2518 405:411 arg1 synnemataformans 384:399 Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) 371:459 Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) 371:459 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) both contain two TA with unique structures-poly(polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate)-belonging to the type IV TA. 25231460 2 94 theme Ac-2518 405:411 arg1 T 413:413 VKM Ac-2518(T) 401:414 VKM Ac-2518(T) 401:414 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) both contain two TA with unique structures-poly(polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate)-belonging to the type IV TA. 25231460 0 95 theme teichoic 44:51 arg1 acids 53:57 cell wall teichoic acids 34:57 cell wall teichoic acids from Nocardiopsis synnemataformans, Nocardiopsis halotolerans, Nocardiopsis composta and Nocardiopsis metallicus 34:170 New structures and composition of cell wall teichoic acids from Nocardiopsis synnemataformans, Nocardiopsis halotolerans, Nocardiopsis composta and Nocardiopsis metallicus: a chemotaxonomic value. 25231460 2 96 dep contain 466:472 arg1 both 461:464 both 461:464 both 461:464 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) both contain two TA with unique structures-poly(polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate)-belonging to the type IV TA. 25231460 6 97 theme phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol 1111:1153 arg1 phosphate 1155:1163 glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate 1102:1163 glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate 1102:1163 The major TA of N. synnemataformans is a poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) with the phosphodiester bond between C-3 of glycerol and C-3 of the amino sugar. 25231460 6 97 theme phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol 1111:1153 arg1 poly 1097:1100 a poly 1095:1100 a poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) with the phosphodiester bond between C-3 of glycerol and C-3 of the amino sugar 1095:1244 The major TA of N. synnemataformans is a poly(glycerol phosphate-N-acetyl-β-galactosaminylglycerol phosphate) with the phosphodiester bond between C-3 of glycerol and C-3 of the amino sugar. 25231460 2 98 theme Ac-2519 450:456 arg1 synnemataformans 384:399 Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) 371:459 Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) 371:459 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) both contain two TA with unique structures-poly(polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate)-belonging to the type IV TA. 25231460 2 98 theme Ac-2519 450:456 arg1 T 458:458 Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) 420:459 Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) 420:459 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) both contain two TA with unique structures-poly(polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate)-belonging to the type IV TA. 25231460 8 99 dep Nocardiopsis 1455:1466 arg1 metallicus 1468:1477 metallicus 1468:1477 metallicus 1468:1477 The cell wall of Nocardiopsis metallicus VKM Ac-2522(T) contains two TA. 25231460 1 100 theme chemical 313:320 arg1 methods 344:350 chemical and NMR spectroscopic methods 313:350 chemical and NMR spectroscopic methods 313:350 The structures of the cell wall teichoic acids (TA) from some species of the genus Nocardiopsis were established by chemical and NMR spectroscopic methods. 25231460 1 101 dep wall 224:227 arg1 TA 245:246 TA 245:246 TA 245:246 The structures of the cell wall teichoic acids (TA) from some species of the genus Nocardiopsis were established by chemical and NMR spectroscopic methods. 25231460 1 101 dep wall 224:227 arg1 acids 238:242 teichoic acids 229:242 the cell wall teichoic acids (TA) 215:247 The structures of the cell wall teichoic acids (TA) from some species of the genus Nocardiopsis were established by chemical and NMR spectroscopic methods. 25231460 11 102 theme strains 1765:1771 arg1 grouping 1753:1760 the phylogenetic grouping 1736:1760 the phylogenetic grouping of strains 1736:1771 The results presented correlate well with the phylogenetic grouping of strains and confirm the species and strain specific features of cell wall TA in members of the genus Nocardiopsis. 25231460 0 103 dep value 190:194 arg1 composition 19:29 composition 19:29 composition 19:29 New structures and composition of cell wall teichoic acids from Nocardiopsis synnemataformans, Nocardiopsis halotolerans, Nocardiopsis composta and Nocardiopsis metallicus: a chemotaxonomic value. 25231460 0 103 dep value 190:194 arg1 structures 4:13 New structures 0:13 New structures 0:13 New structures and composition of cell wall teichoic acids from Nocardiopsis synnemataformans, Nocardiopsis halotolerans, Nocardiopsis composta and Nocardiopsis metallicus: a chemotaxonomic value. 25231460 7 104 theme cell 1251:1254 arg1 walls 1256:1260 The cell walls 1247:1260 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis composta VKM Ac-2520 and N. composta VKM Ac-2521(T) 1247:1328 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis composta VKM Ac-2520 and N. composta VKM Ac-2521(T) contain only one TA, namely 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially substituted with N-acetyl-α-glucosamine. 25231460 11 105 theme cell 1829:1832 arg1 TA 1839:1840 cell wall TA 1829:1840 cell wall TA in members of the genus Nocardiopsis 1829:1877 The results presented correlate well with the phylogenetic grouping of strains and confirm the species and strain specific features of cell wall TA in members of the genus Nocardiopsis. 25231460 0 106 from composta 135:142 arg1 acids 53:57 cell wall teichoic acids 34:57 cell wall teichoic acids from Nocardiopsis synnemataformans, Nocardiopsis halotolerans, Nocardiopsis composta and Nocardiopsis metallicus 34:170 New structures and composition of cell wall teichoic acids from Nocardiopsis synnemataformans, Nocardiopsis halotolerans, Nocardiopsis composta and Nocardiopsis metallicus: a chemotaxonomic value. 25231460 0 106 from composta 135:142 arg1 composition 19:29 composition 19:29 composition 19:29 New structures and composition of cell wall teichoic acids from Nocardiopsis synnemataformans, Nocardiopsis halotolerans, Nocardiopsis composta and Nocardiopsis metallicus: a chemotaxonomic value. 25231460 0 106 from composta 135:142 arg1 structures 4:13 New structures 0:13 New structures 0:13 New structures and composition of cell wall teichoic acids from Nocardiopsis synnemataformans, Nocardiopsis halotolerans, Nocardiopsis composta and Nocardiopsis metallicus: a chemotaxonomic value. 25231460 2 107 dep synnemataformans 384:399 arg1 synnemataformans 384:399 Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) 371:459 Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) 371:459 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) both contain two TA with unique structures-poly(polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate)-belonging to the type IV TA. 25231460 2 107 dep synnemataformans 384:399 arg1 T 413:413 VKM Ac-2518(T) 401:414 VKM Ac-2518(T) 401:414 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) both contain two TA with unique structures-poly(polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate)-belonging to the type IV TA. 25231460 2 107 dep synnemataformans 384:399 arg1 T 458:458 Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) 420:459 Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) 420:459 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) both contain two TA with unique structures-poly(polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate)-belonging to the type IV TA. 25231460 2 108 theme cell 357:360 arg1 walls 362:366 The cell walls 353:366 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) 353:459 The cell walls of Nocardiopsis synnemataformans VKM Ac-2518(T) and Nocardiopsis halotolerans VKM Ac-2519(T) both contain two TA with unique structures-poly(polyol phosphate-glycosylpolyol phosphate)-belonging to the type IV TA. 26256201 3 0 theme gelation 323:330 arg1 kinetics 332:339 gelation kinetics 323:339 gelation kinetics of ALG/HA mixtures at different ratios 323:378 Rheological evaluation of gelation kinetics of ALG/HA mixtures at different ratios allowed understanding the HA effect on ALG cross-linking process. 26256201 7 1 dep early 1046:1050 arg1 day 1055:1057 1 day 1053:1057 1 day 1053:1057 Hydrogels did not interfere with cell viability in both cells lines, but significantly promoted gap closure in a scratch assay at early (1 day) and late (5 days) stages as compared to hydrogels made of ALG alone (p<0.01 and 0.001 for Ad-MSC and HaCaT, respectively). 26256201 3 2 theme kinetics 332:339 arg1 evaluation 309:318 Rheological evaluation 297:318 Rheological evaluation of gelation kinetics of ALG/HA mixtures at different ratios 297:378 Rheological evaluation of gelation kinetics of ALG/HA mixtures at different ratios allowed understanding the HA effect on ALG cross-linking process. 26256201 5 3 theme HA 617:618 arg1 presence 605:612 the presence 601:612 the presence of HA 601:618 Results suggest that, although the presence of HA does significantly slow down gelation kinetics, the concentration of cross-links reached at the end of gelation is scarcely affected. 26256201 4 4 theme different 472:480 arg1 ratio 489:493 different ALG/HA ratio 472:493 different ALG/HA ratio 472:493 Disk-shaped hydrogels, at different ALG/HA ratio, were characterized for morphology, homogeneity and mechanical properties. 26256201 8 5 theme ALG 1353:1355 arg1 ones 1357:1360 ALG ones 1353:1360 ALG ones (p<0.001) 1353:1370 In vivo wound healing studies, conducted on a rat model of excised wound indicated that after 5 days ALG/HA hydrogels significantly promoted wound closure as compared to ALG ones (p<0.001). 26256201 8 5 theme ALG 1353:1355 arg1 p<0.001 1363:1369 p<0.001 1363:1369 p<0.001 1363:1369 In vivo wound healing studies, conducted on a rat model of excised wound indicated that after 5 days ALG/HA hydrogels significantly promoted wound closure as compared to ALG ones (p<0.001). 26256201 3 6 theme different 363:371 arg1 ratios 373:378 different ratios 363:378 different ratios 363:378 Rheological evaluation of gelation kinetics of ALG/HA mixtures at different ratios allowed understanding the HA effect on ALG cross-linking process. 26256201 6 7 theme stem 844:847 arg1 Ad-MSC 856:861 Ad-MSC 856:861 Ad-MSC 856:861 The in vitro activity of ALG/HA dressings was tested on adipose derived multipotent adult stem cells (Ad-MSC) and an immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). 26256201 6 7 theme stem 844:847 arg1 cells 849:853 adipose derived multipotent adult stem cells 810:853 adipose derived multipotent adult stem cells (Ad-MSC) 810:862 The in vitro activity of ALG/HA dressings was tested on adipose derived multipotent adult stem cells (Ad-MSC) and an immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). 26256201 6 8 theme multipotent 826:836 arg1 Ad-MSC 856:861 Ad-MSC 856:861 Ad-MSC 856:861 The in vitro activity of ALG/HA dressings was tested on adipose derived multipotent adult stem cells (Ad-MSC) and an immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). 26256201 6 8 theme multipotent 826:836 arg1 cells 849:853 adipose derived multipotent adult stem cells 810:853 adipose derived multipotent adult stem cells (Ad-MSC) 810:862 The in vitro activity of ALG/HA dressings was tested on adipose derived multipotent adult stem cells (Ad-MSC) and an immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). 26256201 8 9 theme excised 1242:1248 arg1 wound 1250:1254 excised wound 1242:1254 excised wound 1242:1254 In vivo wound healing studies, conducted on a rat model of excised wound indicated that after 5 days ALG/HA hydrogels significantly promoted wound closure as compared to ALG ones (p<0.001). 26256201 9 10 theme cross-linked 1444:1455 arg1 hydrogel 1461:1468 a physically cross-linked ALG hydrogel 1431:1468 a physically cross-linked ALG hydrogel 1431:1468 Overall results demonstrate that the integration of HA in a physically cross-linked ALG hydrogel can be a versatile strategy to promote wound healing that can be easily translated in a clinical setting. 26256201 9 11 theme clinical 1558:1565 arg1 setting 1567:1573 a clinical setting 1556:1573 a clinical setting 1556:1573 Overall results demonstrate that the integration of HA in a physically cross-linked ALG hydrogel can be a versatile strategy to promote wound healing that can be easily translated in a clinical setting. 26256201 5 12 theme cross-links 689:699 arg1 concentration 672:684 the concentration 668:684 the concentration of cross-links reached at the end of gelation 668:730 Results suggest that, although the presence of HA does significantly slow down gelation kinetics, the concentration of cross-links reached at the end of gelation is scarcely affected. 26256201 6 13 theme derived 818:824 arg1 Ad-MSC 856:861 Ad-MSC 856:861 Ad-MSC 856:861 The in vitro activity of ALG/HA dressings was tested on adipose derived multipotent adult stem cells (Ad-MSC) and an immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). 26256201 6 13 theme derived 818:824 arg1 cells 849:853 adipose derived multipotent adult stem cells 810:853 adipose derived multipotent adult stem cells (Ad-MSC) 810:862 The in vitro activity of ALG/HA dressings was tested on adipose derived multipotent adult stem cells (Ad-MSC) and an immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). 26256201 9 14 theme HA 1425:1426 arg1 strategy 1489:1496 a versatile strategy 1477:1496 a versatile strategy to promote wound healing that can be easily translated in a clinical setting 1477:1573 Overall results demonstrate that the integration of HA in a physically cross-linked ALG hydrogel can be a versatile strategy to promote wound healing that can be easily translated in a clinical setting. 26256201 9 14 theme HA 1425:1426 arg1 integration 1410:1420 the integration 1406:1420 the integration of HA in a physically cross-linked ALG hydrogel 1406:1468 Overall results demonstrate that the integration of HA in a physically cross-linked ALG hydrogel can be a versatile strategy to promote wound healing that can be easily translated in a clinical setting. 26256201 3 15 theme mixtures 351:358 arg1 kinetics 332:339 gelation kinetics 323:339 gelation kinetics of ALG/HA mixtures at different ratios 323:378 Rheological evaluation of gelation kinetics of ALG/HA mixtures at different ratios allowed understanding the HA effect on ALG cross-linking process. 26256201 7 16 theme late 1064:1067 arg1 stages 1078:1083 early (1 day) and late (5 days) stages 1046:1083 early (1 day) and late (5 days) stages 1046:1083 Hydrogels did not interfere with cell viability in both cells lines, but significantly promoted gap closure in a scratch assay at early (1 day) and late (5 days) stages as compared to hydrogels made of ALG alone (p<0.01 and 0.001 for Ad-MSC and HaCaT, respectively). 26256201 5 17 theme down 644:647 arg1 kinetics 658:665 slow down gelation kinetics 639:665 slow down gelation kinetics 639:665 Results suggest that, although the presence of HA does significantly slow down gelation kinetics, the concentration of cross-links reached at the end of gelation is scarcely affected. 26256201 5 18 theme slow 639:642 arg1 kinetics 658:665 slow down gelation kinetics 639:665 slow down gelation kinetics 639:665 Results suggest that, although the presence of HA does significantly slow down gelation kinetics, the concentration of cross-links reached at the end of gelation is scarcely affected. 26256201 8 19 dep In 1183:1184 arg1 vivo 1186:1189 vivo 1186:1189 vivo 1186:1189 In vivo wound healing studies, conducted on a rat model of excised wound indicated that after 5 days ALG/HA hydrogels significantly promoted wound closure as compared to ALG ones (p<0.001). 26256201 7 20 dep late 1064:1067 arg1 days 1072:1075 5 days 1070:1075 5 days 1070:1075 Hydrogels did not interfere with cell viability in both cells lines, but significantly promoted gap closure in a scratch assay at early (1 day) and late (5 days) stages as compared to hydrogels made of ALG alone (p<0.01 and 0.001 for Ad-MSC and HaCaT, respectively). 26256201 6 21 theme cell 897:900 arg1 line 902:905 an immortalized keratinocyte cell line 868:905 an immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) 868:913 The in vitro activity of ALG/HA dressings was tested on adipose derived multipotent adult stem cells (Ad-MSC) and an immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). 26256201 6 21 theme cell 897:900 arg1 HaCaT 908:912 HaCaT 908:912 HaCaT 908:912 The in vitro activity of ALG/HA dressings was tested on adipose derived multipotent adult stem cells (Ad-MSC) and an immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). 26256201 3 22 theme ALG 419:421 arg1 process 437:443 ALG cross-linking process 419:443 ALG cross-linking process 419:443 Rheological evaluation of gelation kinetics of ALG/HA mixtures at different ratios allowed understanding the HA effect on ALG cross-linking process. 26256201 3 23 theme HA 406:407 arg1 effect 409:414 the HA effect 402:414 the HA effect on ALG cross-linking process 402:443 Rheological evaluation of gelation kinetics of ALG/HA mixtures at different ratios allowed understanding the HA effect on ALG cross-linking process. 26256201 0 24 theme composite 20:28 arg1 hydrogels 30:38 Alginate-hyaluronan composite hydrogels 0:38 Alginate-hyaluronan composite hydrogels 0:38 Alginate-hyaluronan composite hydrogels accelerate wound healing process. 26256201 6 25 theme keratinocyte 884:895 arg1 line 902:905 an immortalized keratinocyte cell line 868:905 an immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) 868:913 The in vitro activity of ALG/HA dressings was tested on adipose derived multipotent adult stem cells (Ad-MSC) and an immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). 26256201 6 25 theme keratinocyte 884:895 arg1 HaCaT 908:912 HaCaT 908:912 HaCaT 908:912 The in vitro activity of ALG/HA dressings was tested on adipose derived multipotent adult stem cells (Ad-MSC) and an immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). 26256201 9 26 theme ALG 1457:1459 arg1 hydrogel 1461:1468 a physically cross-linked ALG hydrogel 1431:1468 a physically cross-linked ALG hydrogel 1431:1468 Overall results demonstrate that the integration of HA in a physically cross-linked ALG hydrogel can be a versatile strategy to promote wound healing that can be easily translated in a clinical setting. 26256201 9 27 from integration 1410:1420 arg1 hydrogel 1461:1468 a physically cross-linked ALG hydrogel 1431:1468 a physically cross-linked ALG hydrogel 1431:1468 Overall results demonstrate that the integration of HA in a physically cross-linked ALG hydrogel can be a versatile strategy to promote wound healing that can be easily translated in a clinical setting. 26256201 1 28 theme biofunctional 172:184 arg1 platform 186:193 biofunctional platform 172:193 biofunctional platform for dermal wound repair 172:217 In this paper we propose polysaccharide hydrogels combining alginate (ALG) and hyaluronan (HA) as biofunctional platform for dermal wound repair. 26256201 0 29 theme Alginate-hyaluronan 0:18 arg1 hydrogels 30:38 Alginate-hyaluronan composite hydrogels 0:38 Alginate-hyaluronan composite hydrogels 0:38 Alginate-hyaluronan composite hydrogels accelerate wound healing process. 26256201 4 30 from ratio 489:493 arg1 hydrogels 458:466 Disk-shaped hydrogels 446:466 Disk-shaped hydrogels 446:466 Disk-shaped hydrogels, at different ALG/HA ratio, were characterized for morphology, homogeneity and mechanical properties. 26256201 1 31 theme polysaccharide 99:112 arg1 hydrogels 114:122 polysaccharide hydrogels 99:122 polysaccharide hydrogels 99:122 In this paper we propose polysaccharide hydrogels combining alginate (ALG) and hyaluronan (HA) as biofunctional platform for dermal wound repair. 26256201 8 32 theme wound 1324:1328 arg1 closure 1330:1336 wound closure 1324:1336 wound closure 1324:1336 In vivo wound healing studies, conducted on a rat model of excised wound indicated that after 5 days ALG/HA hydrogels significantly promoted wound closure as compared to ALG ones (p<0.001). 26256201 7 33 theme cell 949:952 arg1 viability 954:962 cell viability 949:962 cell viability in both cells lines 949:982 Hydrogels did not interfere with cell viability in both cells lines, but significantly promoted gap closure in a scratch assay at early (1 day) and late (5 days) stages as compared to hydrogels made of ALG alone (p<0.01 and 0.001 for Ad-MSC and HaCaT, respectively). 26256201 6 34 theme adipose 810:816 arg1 Ad-MSC 856:861 Ad-MSC 856:861 Ad-MSC 856:861 The in vitro activity of ALG/HA dressings was tested on adipose derived multipotent adult stem cells (Ad-MSC) and an immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). 26256201 6 34 theme adipose 810:816 arg1 cells 849:853 adipose derived multipotent adult stem cells 810:853 adipose derived multipotent adult stem cells (Ad-MSC) 810:862 The in vitro activity of ALG/HA dressings was tested on adipose derived multipotent adult stem cells (Ad-MSC) and an immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). 26256201 6 35 theme adult 838:842 arg1 Ad-MSC 856:861 Ad-MSC 856:861 Ad-MSC 856:861 The in vitro activity of ALG/HA dressings was tested on adipose derived multipotent adult stem cells (Ad-MSC) and an immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). 26256201 6 35 theme adult 838:842 arg1 cells 849:853 adipose derived multipotent adult stem cells 810:853 adipose derived multipotent adult stem cells (Ad-MSC) 810:862 The in vitro activity of ALG/HA dressings was tested on adipose derived multipotent adult stem cells (Ad-MSC) and an immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). 26256201 8 36 theme In 1183:1184 arg1 healing 1197:1203 In vivo wound healing 1183:1203 In vivo wound healing studies 1183:1211 In vivo wound healing studies, conducted on a rat model of excised wound indicated that after 5 days ALG/HA hydrogels significantly promoted wound closure as compared to ALG ones (p<0.001). 26256201 5 37 theme gelation 723:730 arg1 end 716:718 the end 712:718 the end of gelation 712:730 Results suggest that, although the presence of HA does significantly slow down gelation kinetics, the concentration of cross-links reached at the end of gelation is scarcely affected. 26256201 6 38 theme immortalized 871:882 arg1 line 902:905 an immortalized keratinocyte cell line 868:905 an immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) 868:913 The in vitro activity of ALG/HA dressings was tested on adipose derived multipotent adult stem cells (Ad-MSC) and an immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). 26256201 6 38 theme immortalized 871:882 arg1 HaCaT 908:912 HaCaT 908:912 HaCaT 908:912 The in vitro activity of ALG/HA dressings was tested on adipose derived multipotent adult stem cells (Ad-MSC) and an immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). 26256201 8 39 theme rat 1229:1231 arg1 model 1233:1237 a rat model 1227:1237 a rat model of excised wound 1227:1254 In vivo wound healing studies, conducted on a rat model of excised wound indicated that after 5 days ALG/HA hydrogels significantly promoted wound closure as compared to ALG ones (p<0.001). 26256201 1 40 theme dermal 199:204 arg1 repair 212:217 dermal wound repair 199:217 dermal wound repair 199:217 In this paper we propose polysaccharide hydrogels combining alginate (ALG) and hyaluronan (HA) as biofunctional platform for dermal wound repair. 26256201 0 41 theme healing 57:63 arg1 process 65:71 wound healing process 51:71 wound healing process 51:71 Alginate-hyaluronan composite hydrogels accelerate wound healing process. 26256201 8 42 theme wound 1191:1195 arg1 healing 1197:1203 In vivo wound healing 1183:1203 In vivo wound healing studies 1183:1211 In vivo wound healing studies, conducted on a rat model of excised wound indicated that after 5 days ALG/HA hydrogels significantly promoted wound closure as compared to ALG ones (p<0.001). 26256201 9 43 theme versatile 1479:1487 arg1 strategy 1489:1496 a versatile strategy 1477:1496 a versatile strategy to promote wound healing that can be easily translated in a clinical setting 1477:1573 Overall results demonstrate that the integration of HA in a physically cross-linked ALG hydrogel can be a versatile strategy to promote wound healing that can be easily translated in a clinical setting. 26256201 9 43 theme versatile 1479:1487 arg1 integration 1410:1420 the integration 1406:1420 the integration of HA in a physically cross-linked ALG hydrogel 1406:1468 Overall results demonstrate that the integration of HA in a physically cross-linked ALG hydrogel can be a versatile strategy to promote wound healing that can be easily translated in a clinical setting. 26256201 1 44 theme wound 206:210 arg1 repair 212:217 dermal wound repair 199:217 dermal wound repair 199:217 In this paper we propose polysaccharide hydrogels combining alginate (ALG) and hyaluronan (HA) as biofunctional platform for dermal wound repair. 26256201 0 45 theme wound 51:55 arg1 healing 57:63 wound healing 51:63 wound healing process 51:71 Alginate-hyaluronan composite hydrogels accelerate wound healing process. 26256201 4 46 theme mechanical 547:556 arg1 properties 558:567 mechanical properties 547:567 mechanical properties 547:567 Disk-shaped hydrogels, at different ALG/HA ratio, were characterized for morphology, homogeneity and mechanical properties. 26256201 3 47 theme cross-linking 423:435 arg1 process 437:443 ALG cross-linking process 419:443 ALG cross-linking process 419:443 Rheological evaluation of gelation kinetics of ALG/HA mixtures at different ratios allowed understanding the HA effect on ALG cross-linking process. 26256201 4 48 theme ALG/HA 482:487 arg1 ratio 489:493 different ALG/HA ratio 472:493 different ALG/HA ratio 472:493 Disk-shaped hydrogels, at different ALG/HA ratio, were characterized for morphology, homogeneity and mechanical properties. 26256201 8 49 theme ALG/HA 1284:1289 arg1 hydrogels 1291:1299 ALG/HA hydrogels 1284:1299 ALG/HA hydrogels 1284:1299 In vivo wound healing studies, conducted on a rat model of excised wound indicated that after 5 days ALG/HA hydrogels significantly promoted wound closure as compared to ALG ones (p<0.001). 26256201 6 50 theme ALG/HA 779:784 arg1 dressings 786:794 ALG/HA dressings 779:794 ALG/HA dressings 779:794 The in vitro activity of ALG/HA dressings was tested on adipose derived multipotent adult stem cells (Ad-MSC) and an immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). 26256201 7 51 from closure 1016:1022 arg1 assay 1037:1041 a scratch assay 1027:1041 a scratch assay 1027:1041 Hydrogels did not interfere with cell viability in both cells lines, but significantly promoted gap closure in a scratch assay at early (1 day) and late (5 days) stages as compared to hydrogels made of ALG alone (p<0.01 and 0.001 for Ad-MSC and HaCaT, respectively). 26256201 9 52 link cross-linked 1444:1455 arg1 hydrogel 1461:1468 a physically cross-linked ALG hydrogel 1431:1468 a physically cross-linked ALG hydrogel 1431:1468 Overall results demonstrate that the integration of HA in a physically cross-linked ALG hydrogel can be a versatile strategy to promote wound healing that can be easily translated in a clinical setting. 26256201 7 53 theme scratch 1029:1035 arg1 assay 1037:1041 a scratch assay 1027:1041 a scratch assay 1027:1041 Hydrogels did not interfere with cell viability in both cells lines, but significantly promoted gap closure in a scratch assay at early (1 day) and late (5 days) stages as compared to hydrogels made of ALG alone (p<0.01 and 0.001 for Ad-MSC and HaCaT, respectively). 26256201 3 54 from ratios 373:378 arg1 evaluation 309:318 Rheological evaluation 297:318 Rheological evaluation of gelation kinetics of ALG/HA mixtures at different ratios 297:378 Rheological evaluation of gelation kinetics of ALG/HA mixtures at different ratios allowed understanding the HA effect on ALG cross-linking process. 26256201 3 54 from ratios 373:378 arg1 kinetics 332:339 gelation kinetics 323:339 gelation kinetics of ALG/HA mixtures at different ratios 323:378 Rheological evaluation of gelation kinetics of ALG/HA mixtures at different ratios allowed understanding the HA effect on ALG cross-linking process. 26256201 7 55 theme early 1046:1050 arg1 stages 1078:1083 early (1 day) and late (5 days) stages 1046:1083 early (1 day) and late (5 days) stages 1046:1083 Hydrogels did not interfere with cell viability in both cells lines, but significantly promoted gap closure in a scratch assay at early (1 day) and late (5 days) stages as compared to hydrogels made of ALG alone (p<0.01 and 0.001 for Ad-MSC and HaCaT, respectively). 26256201 7 56 from stages 1078:1083 arg1 closure 1016:1022 gap closure 1012:1022 gap closure in a scratch assay at early (1 day) and late (5 days) stages 1012:1083 Hydrogels did not interfere with cell viability in both cells lines, but significantly promoted gap closure in a scratch assay at early (1 day) and late (5 days) stages as compared to hydrogels made of ALG alone (p<0.01 and 0.001 for Ad-MSC and HaCaT, respectively). 26256201 5 57 theme gelation 649:656 arg1 kinetics 658:665 slow down gelation kinetics 639:665 slow down gelation kinetics 639:665 Results suggest that, although the presence of HA does significantly slow down gelation kinetics, the concentration of cross-links reached at the end of gelation is scarcely affected. 26256201 8 58 theme healing 1197:1203 arg1 studies 1205:1211 In vivo wound healing studies 1183:1211 In vivo wound healing studies 1183:1211 In vivo wound healing studies, conducted on a rat model of excised wound indicated that after 5 days ALG/HA hydrogels significantly promoted wound closure as compared to ALG ones (p<0.001). 26256201 6 59 theme dressings 786:794 arg1 activity 767:774 The in vitro activity 754:774 The in vitro activity of ALG/HA dressings 754:794 The in vitro activity of ALG/HA dressings was tested on adipose derived multipotent adult stem cells (Ad-MSC) and an immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). 26256201 7 60 dep ALG 1118:1120 arg1 p<0.01 1129:1134 p<0.01 1129:1134 p<0.01 1129:1134 Hydrogels did not interfere with cell viability in both cells lines, but significantly promoted gap closure in a scratch assay at early (1 day) and late (5 days) stages as compared to hydrogels made of ALG alone (p<0.01 and 0.001 for Ad-MSC and HaCaT, respectively). 26256201 7 60 dep ALG 1118:1120 arg1 0.001 1140:1144 0.001 1140:1144 0.001 1140:1144 Hydrogels did not interfere with cell viability in both cells lines, but significantly promoted gap closure in a scratch assay at early (1 day) and late (5 days) stages as compared to hydrogels made of ALG alone (p<0.01 and 0.001 for Ad-MSC and HaCaT, respectively). 26256201 9 61 theme wound 1509:1513 arg1 healing 1515:1521 wound healing 1509:1521 wound healing that can be easily translated in a clinical setting 1509:1573 Overall results demonstrate that the integration of HA in a physically cross-linked ALG hydrogel can be a versatile strategy to promote wound healing that can be easily translated in a clinical setting. 26256201 8 62 theme wound 1250:1254 arg1 model 1233:1237 a rat model 1227:1237 a rat model of excised wound 1227:1254 In vivo wound healing studies, conducted on a rat model of excised wound indicated that after 5 days ALG/HA hydrogels significantly promoted wound closure as compared to ALG ones (p<0.001). 26256201 3 63 theme Rheological 297:307 arg1 evaluation 309:318 Rheological evaluation 297:318 Rheological evaluation of gelation kinetics of ALG/HA mixtures at different ratios 297:378 Rheological evaluation of gelation kinetics of ALG/HA mixtures at different ratios allowed understanding the HA effect on ALG cross-linking process. 26256201 7 64 theme gap 1012:1014 arg1 closure 1016:1022 gap closure 1012:1022 gap closure in a scratch assay at early (1 day) and late (5 days) stages 1012:1083 Hydrogels did not interfere with cell viability in both cells lines, but significantly promoted gap closure in a scratch assay at early (1 day) and late (5 days) stages as compared to hydrogels made of ALG alone (p<0.01 and 0.001 for Ad-MSC and HaCaT, respectively). 26256201 6 65 theme in 758:759 arg1 activity 767:774 The in vitro activity 754:774 The in vitro activity of ALG/HA dressings 754:794 The in vitro activity of ALG/HA dressings was tested on adipose derived multipotent adult stem cells (Ad-MSC) and an immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). 26256201 6 66 dep in 758:759 arg1 vitro 761:765 vitro 761:765 vitro 761:765 The in vitro activity of ALG/HA dressings was tested on adipose derived multipotent adult stem cells (Ad-MSC) and an immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). 26256201 6 67 link derived 818:824 arg1 Ad-MSC 856:861 Ad-MSC 856:861 Ad-MSC 856:861 The in vitro activity of ALG/HA dressings was tested on adipose derived multipotent adult stem cells (Ad-MSC) and an immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). 26256201 6 67 link derived 818:824 arg1 cells 849:853 adipose derived multipotent adult stem cells 810:853 adipose derived multipotent adult stem cells (Ad-MSC) 810:862 The in vitro activity of ALG/HA dressings was tested on adipose derived multipotent adult stem cells (Ad-MSC) and an immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). 26256201 4 68 theme Disk-shaped 446:456 arg1 hydrogels 458:466 Disk-shaped hydrogels 446:466 Disk-shaped hydrogels 446:466 Disk-shaped hydrogels, at different ALG/HA ratio, were characterized for morphology, homogeneity and mechanical properties. 26256201 9 69 theme Overall 1373:1379 arg1 results 1381:1387 Overall results 1373:1387 Overall results 1373:1387 Overall results demonstrate that the integration of HA in a physically cross-linked ALG hydrogel can be a versatile strategy to promote wound healing that can be easily translated in a clinical setting. 26256201 3 70 from evaluation 309:318 arg1 ratios 373:378 different ratios 363:378 different ratios 363:378 Rheological evaluation of gelation kinetics of ALG/HA mixtures at different ratios allowed understanding the HA effect on ALG cross-linking process. 26256201 3 71 theme ALG/HA 344:349 arg1 mixtures 351:358 ALG/HA mixtures 344:358 ALG/HA mixtures 344:358 Rheological evaluation of gelation kinetics of ALG/HA mixtures at different ratios allowed understanding the HA effect on ALG cross-linking process. 26256201 3 72 from effect 409:414 arg1 process 437:443 ALG cross-linking process 419:443 ALG cross-linking process 419:443 Rheological evaluation of gelation kinetics of ALG/HA mixtures at different ratios allowed understanding the HA effect on ALG cross-linking process. 26256201 2 73 theme internal 242:249 arg1 gelation 251:258 internal gelation 242:258 internal gelation 242:258 Hydrogels produced by internal gelation were homogeneous and easy to handle. 26256201 7 74 theme cells 972:976 arg1 lines 978:982 both cells lines 967:982 both cells lines 967:982 Hydrogels did not interfere with cell viability in both cells lines, but significantly promoted gap closure in a scratch assay at early (1 day) and late (5 days) stages as compared to hydrogels made of ALG alone (p<0.01 and 0.001 for Ad-MSC and HaCaT, respectively). 26256201 7 75 from viability 954:962 arg1 lines 978:982 both cells lines 967:982 both cells lines 967:982 Hydrogels did not interfere with cell viability in both cells lines, but significantly promoted gap closure in a scratch assay at early (1 day) and late (5 days) stages as compared to hydrogels made of ALG alone (p<0.01 and 0.001 for Ad-MSC and HaCaT, respectively). 26459053 0 0 theme bone 106:109 arg1 engineering 118:128 bone tissue engineering 106:128 bone tissue engineering 106:128 Preparation and evaluation of an Arg-Gly-Asp-modified chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffold for application in bone tissue engineering. 26459053 0 1 from evaluation 16:25 arg1 engineering 118:128 bone tissue engineering 106:128 bone tissue engineering 106:128 Preparation and evaluation of an Arg-Gly-Asp-modified chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffold for application in bone tissue engineering. 26459053 7 2 theme ALP 1166:1168 arg1 content 1170:1176 an ALP content 1163:1176 an ALP content of 0.006 ± 0.0008 U/l/ng 1163:1201 Formation of extracellular matrix and numerous cell‑cell interactions were observed after 48 h of culture, with an ALP content of 0.006 ± 0.0008 U/l/ng. 26459053 9 3 theme biocompatibility 1352:1367 arg1 properties 1429:1438 The biocompatibility, cytocompatibility, histocompatibility and osseointegrative properties 1348:1438 properties 1429:1438 The biocompatibility, cytocompatibility, histocompatibility and osseointegrative properties of the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold support its use in bone tissue engineering applications. 26459053 7 4 theme culture 1149:1155 arg1 h 1144:1144 48 h 1141:1144 48 h of culture 1141:1155 Formation of extracellular matrix and numerous cell‑cell interactions were observed after 48 h of culture, with an ALP content of 0.006 ± 0.0008 U/l/ng. 26459053 3 5 theme RGD‑CS/HA 658:666 arg1 scaffold 668:675 the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold 654:675 the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold 654:675 In order to evaluate the cell adhesion rate, viability, morphology, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold was seeded with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 26459053 4 6 theme in 841:842 arg1 repair 861:866 in vivo bone defect repair 841:866 in vivo bone defect repair 841:866 The osseointegrative properties of the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold were evaluated by in vivo heterotopic ossification and in vivo bone defect repair. 26459053 2 7 theme arginine‑glycine‑aspartic 483:507 arg1 acid 509:512 arginine‑glycine‑aspartic acid 483:512 arginine‑glycine‑aspartic acid (RGD) 483:518 Chitosan (CS)/hydroxyapatite (HA) composite was prepared by in situ compositing combined with lyophilization, and further modified by arginine‑glycine‑aspartic acid (RGD) via physical adsorption. 26459053 2 7 theme arginine‑glycine‑aspartic 483:507 arg1 RGD 515:517 RGD 515:517 RGD 515:517 Chitosan (CS)/hydroxyapatite (HA) composite was prepared by in situ compositing combined with lyophilization, and further modified by arginine‑glycine‑aspartic acid (RGD) via physical adsorption. 26459053 5 8 theme 4 875:875 arg1 h 877:877 h 877:877 h 877:877 After 4 h culture with the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold, the adhesion rate of the BMSCs was 80.7%. 26459053 9 9 theme RGD‑CS/HA 1447:1455 arg1 scaffold 1457:1464 the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold 1443:1464 the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold 1443:1464 The biocompatibility, cytocompatibility, histocompatibility and osseointegrative properties of the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold support its use in bone tissue engineering applications. 26459053 1 10 theme high 255:258 arg1 affinity 265:272 high cell affinity 255:272 high cell affinity 255:272 Bone tissue engineering has become a promising method for the repair of bone defects, and the production of a scaffold with high cell affinity and osseointegrative properties is crucial for successful bone substitute. 26459053 2 11 theme physical 524:531 arg1 adsorption 533:542 physical adsorption 524:542 physical adsorption 524:542 Chitosan (CS)/hydroxyapatite (HA) composite was prepared by in situ compositing combined with lyophilization, and further modified by arginine‑glycine‑aspartic acid (RGD) via physical adsorption. 26459053 0 12 from Preparation 0:10 arg1 engineering 118:128 bone tissue engineering 106:128 bone tissue engineering 106:128 Preparation and evaluation of an Arg-Gly-Asp-modified chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffold for application in bone tissue engineering. 26459053 4 13 theme defect 854:859 arg1 repair 861:866 in vivo bone defect repair 841:866 in vivo bone defect repair 841:866 The osseointegrative properties of the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold were evaluated by in vivo heterotopic ossification and in vivo bone defect repair. 26459053 4 14 theme in 804:805 arg1 ossification 824:835 in vivo heterotopic ossification 804:835 in vivo heterotopic ossification 804:835 The osseointegrative properties of the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold were evaluated by in vivo heterotopic ossification and in vivo bone defect repair. 26459053 5 15 theme adhesion 920:927 arg1 rate 929:932 the adhesion rate 916:932 the adhesion rate of the BMSCs 916:945 After 4 h culture with the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold, the adhesion rate of the BMSCs was 80.7%. 26459053 5 15 theme adhesion 920:927 arg1 % 955:955 80.7% 951:955 80.7% 951:955 After 4 h culture with the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold, the adhesion rate of the BMSCs was 80.7%. 26459053 1 16 theme cell 260:263 arg1 affinity 265:272 high cell affinity 255:272 high cell affinity 255:272 Bone tissue engineering has become a promising method for the repair of bone defects, and the production of a scaffold with high cell affinity and osseointegrative properties is crucial for successful bone substitute. 26459053 0 17 theme tissue 111:116 arg1 engineering 118:128 bone tissue engineering 106:128 bone tissue engineering 106:128 Preparation and evaluation of an Arg-Gly-Asp-modified chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffold for application in bone tissue engineering. 26459053 3 18 theme marrow 698:703 arg1 BMSCs 720:724 BMSCs 720:724 BMSCs 720:724 In order to evaluate the cell adhesion rate, viability, morphology, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold was seeded with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 26459053 3 18 theme marrow 698:703 arg1 cells 713:717 bone marrow stromal cells 693:717 bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) 693:725 In order to evaluate the cell adhesion rate, viability, morphology, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold was seeded with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 26459053 4 19 theme bone 849:852 arg1 repair 861:866 in vivo bone defect repair 841:866 in vivo bone defect repair 841:866 The osseointegrative properties of the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold were evaluated by in vivo heterotopic ossification and in vivo bone defect repair. 26459053 9 20 from use 1478:1480 arg1 applications 1509:1520 bone tissue engineering applications 1485:1520 bone tissue engineering applications 1485:1520 The biocompatibility, cytocompatibility, histocompatibility and osseointegrative properties of the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold support its use in bone tissue engineering applications. 26459053 9 21 theme bone 1485:1488 arg1 applications 1509:1520 bone tissue engineering applications 1485:1520 bone tissue engineering applications 1485:1520 The biocompatibility, cytocompatibility, histocompatibility and osseointegrative properties of the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold support its use in bone tissue engineering applications. 26459053 9 22 theme osseointegrative 1412:1427 arg1 properties 1429:1438 The biocompatibility, cytocompatibility, histocompatibility and osseointegrative properties 1348:1438 properties 1429:1438 The biocompatibility, cytocompatibility, histocompatibility and osseointegrative properties of the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold support its use in bone tissue engineering applications. 26459053 1 23 dep bone 332:335 arg1 substitute 337:346 substitute 337:346 substitute 337:346 Bone tissue engineering has become a promising method for the repair of bone defects, and the production of a scaffold with high cell affinity and osseointegrative properties is crucial for successful bone substitute. 26459053 4 24 theme heterotopic 812:822 arg1 ossification 824:835 in vivo heterotopic ossification 804:835 in vivo heterotopic ossification 804:835 The osseointegrative properties of the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold were evaluated by in vivo heterotopic ossification and in vivo bone defect repair. 26459053 8 25 theme scaffold 1292:1299 arg1 ability 1238:1244 osseointegrative ability 1221:1244 osseointegrative ability 1221:1244 Furthermore, the osseointegrative ability and biomechanical properties of the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold were comparable to that of normal bone tissue. 26459053 8 25 theme scaffold 1292:1299 arg1 properties 1264:1273 biomechanical properties 1250:1273 biomechanical properties 1250:1273 Furthermore, the osseointegrative ability and biomechanical properties of the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold were comparable to that of normal bone tissue. 26459053 9 26 theme histocompatibility 1389:1406 arg1 properties 1429:1438 The biocompatibility, cytocompatibility, histocompatibility and osseointegrative properties 1348:1438 properties 1429:1438 The biocompatibility, cytocompatibility, histocompatibility and osseointegrative properties of the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold support its use in bone tissue engineering applications. 26459053 9 27 theme cytocompatibility 1370:1386 arg1 properties 1429:1438 The biocompatibility, cytocompatibility, histocompatibility and osseointegrative properties 1348:1438 properties 1429:1438 The biocompatibility, cytocompatibility, histocompatibility and osseointegrative properties of the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold support its use in bone tissue engineering applications. 26459053 4 28 dep in 841:842 arg1 vivo 844:847 vivo 844:847 vivo 844:847 The osseointegrative properties of the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold were evaluated by in vivo heterotopic ossification and in vivo bone defect repair. 26459053 4 29 theme osseointegrative 732:747 arg1 properties 749:758 The osseointegrative properties 728:758 The osseointegrative properties of the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold 728:784 The osseointegrative properties of the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold were evaluated by in vivo heterotopic ossification and in vivo bone defect repair. 26459053 2 30 theme composite 383:391 arg1 Chitosan 349:356 Chitosan 349:356 Chitosan (CS)/hydroxyapatite (HA) composite 349:391 Chitosan (CS)/hydroxyapatite (HA) composite was prepared by in situ compositing combined with lyophilization, and further modified by arginine‑glycine‑aspartic acid (RGD) via physical adsorption. 26459053 2 30 theme composite 383:391 arg1 CS 359:360 CS 359:360 CS 359:360 Chitosan (CS)/hydroxyapatite (HA) composite was prepared by in situ compositing combined with lyophilization, and further modified by arginine‑glycine‑aspartic acid (RGD) via physical adsorption. 26459053 3 31 theme bone 693:696 arg1 marrow 698:703 bone marrow 693:703 bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) 693:725 In order to evaluate the cell adhesion rate, viability, morphology, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold was seeded with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 26459053 5 32 theme RGD‑CS/HA 896:904 arg1 scaffold 906:913 the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold 892:913 the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold 892:913 After 4 h culture with the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold, the adhesion rate of the BMSCs was 80.7%. 26459053 3 33 theme stromal 705:711 arg1 BMSCs 720:724 BMSCs 720:724 BMSCs 720:724 In order to evaluate the cell adhesion rate, viability, morphology, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold was seeded with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 26459053 3 33 theme stromal 705:711 arg1 cells 713:717 bone marrow stromal cells 693:717 bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) 693:725 In order to evaluate the cell adhesion rate, viability, morphology, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold was seeded with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 26459053 8 34 dep ability 1238:1244 arg1 the 1217:1219 the 1217:1219 the 1217:1219 Furthermore, the osseointegrative ability and biomechanical properties of the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold were comparable to that of normal bone tissue. 26459053 5 35 with culture 879:885 arg1 scaffold 906:913 the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold 892:913 the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold 892:913 After 4 h culture with the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold, the adhesion rate of the BMSCs was 80.7%. 26459053 6 36 from fusiform 983:990 arg1 shape 995:999 shape 995:999 shape 995:999 After 3 days, BMSCs were fusiform in shape and evenly distributed on the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold. 26459053 3 37 theme cell 570:573 arg1 rate 584:587 the cell adhesion rate 566:587 the cell adhesion rate 566:587 In order to evaluate the cell adhesion rate, viability, morphology, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold was seeded with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 26459053 1 38 theme bone 203:206 arg1 defects 208:214 bone defects 203:214 bone defects 203:214 Bone tissue engineering has become a promising method for the repair of bone defects, and the production of a scaffold with high cell affinity and osseointegrative properties is crucial for successful bone substitute. 26459053 7 39 theme cell‑cell 1098:1106 arg1 interactions 1108:1119 numerous cell‑cell interactions 1089:1119 numerous cell‑cell interactions 1089:1119 Formation of extracellular matrix and numerous cell‑cell interactions were observed after 48 h of culture, with an ALP content of 0.006 ± 0.0008 U/l/ng. 26459053 1 40 theme osseointegrative 278:293 arg1 properties 295:304 osseointegrative properties 278:304 osseointegrative properties 278:304 Bone tissue engineering has become a promising method for the repair of bone defects, and the production of a scaffold with high cell affinity and osseointegrative properties is crucial for successful bone substitute. 26459053 8 41 theme bone 1335:1338 arg1 tissue 1340:1345 normal bone tissue 1328:1345 normal bone tissue 1328:1345 Furthermore, the osseointegrative ability and biomechanical properties of the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold were comparable to that of normal bone tissue. 26459053 8 42 theme biomechanical 1250:1262 arg1 properties 1264:1273 biomechanical properties 1250:1273 biomechanical properties 1250:1273 Furthermore, the osseointegrative ability and biomechanical properties of the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold were comparable to that of normal bone tissue. 26459053 6 43 from shape 995:999 arg1 fusiform 983:990 fusiform 983:990 fusiform 983:990 After 3 days, BMSCs were fusiform in shape and evenly distributed on the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold. 26459053 1 44 theme defects 208:214 arg1 repair 193:198 the repair 189:198 the repair of bone defects 189:214 Bone tissue engineering has become a promising method for the repair of bone defects, and the production of a scaffold with high cell affinity and osseointegrative properties is crucial for successful bone substitute. 26459053 1 45 theme Bone 131:134 arg1 engineering 143:153 Bone tissue engineering 131:153 Bone tissue engineering 131:153 Bone tissue engineering has become a promising method for the repair of bone defects, and the production of a scaffold with high cell affinity and osseointegrative properties is crucial for successful bone substitute. 26459053 9 46 theme tissue 1490:1495 arg1 applications 1509:1520 bone tissue engineering applications 1485:1520 bone tissue engineering applications 1485:1520 The biocompatibility, cytocompatibility, histocompatibility and osseointegrative properties of the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold support its use in bone tissue engineering applications. 26459053 2 47 theme in 409:410 arg1 compositing 417:427 in situ compositing 409:427 in situ compositing combined with lyophilization 409:456 Chitosan (CS)/hydroxyapatite (HA) composite was prepared by in situ compositing combined with lyophilization, and further modified by arginine‑glycine‑aspartic acid (RGD) via physical adsorption. 26459053 0 48 theme Arg-Gly-Asp-modified 33:52 arg1 scaffold 78:85 an Arg-Gly-Asp-modified chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffold 30:85 an Arg-Gly-Asp-modified chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffold for application 30:101 Preparation and evaluation of an Arg-Gly-Asp-modified chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffold for application in bone tissue engineering. 26459053 8 49 theme normal 1328:1333 arg1 tissue 1340:1345 normal bone tissue 1328:1345 normal bone tissue 1328:1345 Furthermore, the osseointegrative ability and biomechanical properties of the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold were comparable to that of normal bone tissue. 26459053 7 50 theme numerous 1089:1096 arg1 interactions 1108:1119 numerous cell‑cell interactions 1089:1119 numerous cell‑cell interactions 1089:1119 Formation of extracellular matrix and numerous cell‑cell interactions were observed after 48 h of culture, with an ALP content of 0.006 ± 0.0008 U/l/ng. 26459053 3 51 theme alkaline 617:624 arg1 ALP 639:641 ALP 639:641 ALP 639:641 In order to evaluate the cell adhesion rate, viability, morphology, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold was seeded with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 26459053 3 51 theme alkaline 617:624 arg1 phosphatase 626:636 alkaline phosphatase 617:636 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity 617:651 In order to evaluate the cell adhesion rate, viability, morphology, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold was seeded with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 26459053 0 52 theme scaffold 78:85 arg1 evaluation 16:25 evaluation 16:25 evaluation 16:25 Preparation and evaluation of an Arg-Gly-Asp-modified chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffold for application in bone tissue engineering. 26459053 0 52 theme scaffold 78:85 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and evaluation of an Arg-Gly-Asp-modified chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffold for application in bone tissue engineering. 26459053 3 53 theme phosphatase 626:636 arg1 activity 644:651 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity 617:651 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity 617:651 In order to evaluate the cell adhesion rate, viability, morphology, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold was seeded with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 26459053 3 54 theme adhesion 575:582 arg1 rate 584:587 the cell adhesion rate 566:587 the cell adhesion rate 566:587 In order to evaluate the cell adhesion rate, viability, morphology, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold was seeded with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). 26459053 1 55 theme tissue 136:141 arg1 engineering 143:153 Bone tissue engineering 131:153 Bone tissue engineering 131:153 Bone tissue engineering has become a promising method for the repair of bone defects, and the production of a scaffold with high cell affinity and osseointegrative properties is crucial for successful bone substitute. 26459053 0 56 theme chitosan/hydroxyapatite 54:76 arg1 scaffold 78:85 an Arg-Gly-Asp-modified chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffold 30:85 an Arg-Gly-Asp-modified chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffold for application 30:101 Preparation and evaluation of an Arg-Gly-Asp-modified chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffold for application in bone tissue engineering. 26459053 1 57 theme successful 321:330 arg1 bone 332:335 successful bone substitute 321:346 successful bone substitute 321:346 Bone tissue engineering has become a promising method for the repair of bone defects, and the production of a scaffold with high cell affinity and osseointegrative properties is crucial for successful bone substitute. 26459053 2 58 dep in 409:410 arg1 situ 412:415 situ 412:415 situ 412:415 Chitosan (CS)/hydroxyapatite (HA) composite was prepared by in situ compositing combined with lyophilization, and further modified by arginine‑glycine‑aspartic acid (RGD) via physical adsorption. 26459053 7 59 theme U/l/ng 1196:1201 arg1 content 1170:1176 an ALP content 1163:1176 an ALP content of 0.006 ± 0.0008 U/l/ng 1163:1201 Formation of extracellular matrix and numerous cell‑cell interactions were observed after 48 h of culture, with an ALP content of 0.006 ± 0.0008 U/l/ng. 26459053 9 60 theme scaffold 1457:1464 arg1 properties 1429:1438 The biocompatibility, cytocompatibility, histocompatibility and osseointegrative properties 1348:1438 properties 1429:1438 The biocompatibility, cytocompatibility, histocompatibility and osseointegrative properties of the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold support its use in bone tissue engineering applications. 26459053 7 61 theme 0.006 1181:1185 arg1 ± 1187:1187 ± 1187:1187 ± 1187:1187 Formation of extracellular matrix and numerous cell‑cell interactions were observed after 48 h of culture, with an ALP content of 0.006 ± 0.0008 U/l/ng. 26459053 7 62 theme matrix 1078:1083 arg1 interactions 1108:1119 numerous cell‑cell interactions 1089:1119 numerous cell‑cell interactions 1089:1119 Formation of extracellular matrix and numerous cell‑cell interactions were observed after 48 h of culture, with an ALP content of 0.006 ± 0.0008 U/l/ng. 26459053 7 62 theme matrix 1078:1083 arg1 Formation 1051:1059 Formation 1051:1059 Formation of extracellular matrix 1051:1083 Formation of extracellular matrix and numerous cell‑cell interactions were observed after 48 h of culture, with an ALP content of 0.006 ± 0.0008 U/l/ng. 26459053 5 63 theme BMSCs 941:945 arg1 rate 929:932 the adhesion rate 916:932 the adhesion rate of the BMSCs 916:945 After 4 h culture with the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold, the adhesion rate of the BMSCs was 80.7%. 26459053 5 63 theme BMSCs 941:945 arg1 % 955:955 80.7% 951:955 80.7% 951:955 After 4 h culture with the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold, the adhesion rate of the BMSCs was 80.7%. 26459053 7 64 theme ± 1187:1187 arg1 U/l/ng 1196:1201 0.006 ± 0.0008 U/l/ng 1181:1201 0.006 ± 0.0008 U/l/ng 1181:1201 Formation of extracellular matrix and numerous cell‑cell interactions were observed after 48 h of culture, with an ALP content of 0.006 ± 0.0008 U/l/ng. 26459053 8 65 theme RGD‑CS/HA 1282:1290 arg1 scaffold 1292:1299 the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold 1278:1299 the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold 1278:1299 Furthermore, the osseointegrative ability and biomechanical properties of the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold were comparable to that of normal bone tissue. 26459053 5 66 theme h 877:877 arg1 culture 879:885 4 h culture 875:885 4 h culture with the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold 875:913 After 4 h culture with the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold, the adhesion rate of the BMSCs was 80.7%. 26459053 9 67 theme engineering 1497:1507 arg1 applications 1509:1520 bone tissue engineering applications 1485:1520 bone tissue engineering applications 1485:1520 The biocompatibility, cytocompatibility, histocompatibility and osseointegrative properties of the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold support its use in bone tissue engineering applications. 26459053 7 68 theme 0.0008 1189:1194 arg1 U/l/ng 1196:1201 0.006 ± 0.0008 U/l/ng 1181:1201 0.006 ± 0.0008 U/l/ng 1181:1201 Formation of extracellular matrix and numerous cell‑cell interactions were observed after 48 h of culture, with an ALP content of 0.006 ± 0.0008 U/l/ng. 26459053 8 69 theme osseointegrative 1221:1236 arg1 ability 1238:1244 osseointegrative ability 1221:1244 osseointegrative ability 1221:1244 Furthermore, the osseointegrative ability and biomechanical properties of the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold were comparable to that of normal bone tissue. 26459053 4 70 theme scaffold 777:784 arg1 properties 749:758 The osseointegrative properties 728:758 The osseointegrative properties of the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold 728:784 The osseointegrative properties of the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold were evaluated by in vivo heterotopic ossification and in vivo bone defect repair. 26459053 4 71 dep in 804:805 arg1 vivo 807:810 vivo 807:810 vivo 807:810 The osseointegrative properties of the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold were evaluated by in vivo heterotopic ossification and in vivo bone defect repair. 26459053 6 72 theme RGD‑CS/HA 1031:1039 arg1 scaffold 1041:1048 the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold 1027:1048 the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold 1027:1048 After 3 days, BMSCs were fusiform in shape and evenly distributed on the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold. 26459053 7 73 theme extracellular 1064:1076 arg1 matrix 1078:1083 extracellular matrix 1064:1083 extracellular matrix 1064:1083 Formation of extracellular matrix and numerous cell‑cell interactions were observed after 48 h of culture, with an ALP content of 0.006 ± 0.0008 U/l/ng. 26459053 4 74 theme RGD‑CS/HA 767:775 arg1 scaffold 777:784 the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold 763:784 the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold 763:784 The osseointegrative properties of the RGD‑CS/HA scaffold were evaluated by in vivo heterotopic ossification and in vivo bone defect repair. 26459053 1 75 with production 225:234 arg1 properties 295:304 osseointegrative properties 278:304 osseointegrative properties 278:304 Bone tissue engineering has become a promising method for the repair of bone defects, and the production of a scaffold with high cell affinity and osseointegrative properties is crucial for successful bone substitute. 26459053 1 75 with production 225:234 arg1 affinity 265:272 high cell affinity 255:272 high cell affinity 255:272 Bone tissue engineering has become a promising method for the repair of bone defects, and the production of a scaffold with high cell affinity and osseointegrative properties is crucial for successful bone substitute. 26459053 1 76 theme promising 168:176 arg1 method 178:183 a promising method 166:183 a promising method for the repair of bone defects 166:214 Bone tissue engineering has become a promising method for the repair of bone defects, and the production of a scaffold with high cell affinity and osseointegrative properties is crucial for successful bone substitute. 26459053 1 77 theme scaffold 241:248 arg1 production 225:234 the production 221:234 the production of a scaffold with high cell affinity and osseointegrative properties 221:304 Bone tissue engineering has become a promising method for the repair of bone defects, and the production of a scaffold with high cell affinity and osseointegrative properties is crucial for successful bone substitute. 26459053 1 77 theme scaffold 241:248 arg1 crucial 309:315 crucial 309:315 crucial 309:315 Bone tissue engineering has become a promising method for the repair of bone defects, and the production of a scaffold with high cell affinity and osseointegrative properties is crucial for successful bone substitute. 25498651 3 0 theme cellulosic 347:356 arg1 extract 364:370 Eco friendly natural cellulosic fiber extract 326:370 Eco friendly natural cellulosic fiber extract from the stem of Cissus quadrangularis plant 326:415 Eco friendly natural cellulosic fiber extract from the stem of Cissus quadrangularis plant is extensively characterized to consider as a viable alternative for man-made hazardous fibers. 25498651 6 1 theme gravimetric 1013:1023 arg1 analysis 1025:1032 thermo gravimetric analysis 1006:1032 thermo gravimetric analysis 1006:1032 The flaky honeycomb outer surface revealed through electron microscopy contributes for high modulus in CQ stem fiber and thermo gravimetric analysis ensures thermal stability up to 270 °C, which is within the polymerization process temperature. 25498651 3 2 dep Cissus 389:394 arg1 quadrangularis 396:409 quadrangularis 396:409 quadrangularis 396:409 Eco friendly natural cellulosic fiber extract from the stem of Cissus quadrangularis plant is extensively characterized to consider as a viable alternative for man-made hazardous fibers. 25498651 6 3 theme flaky 889:893 arg1 surface 911:917 The flaky honeycomb outer surface 885:917 The flaky honeycomb outer surface 885:917 The flaky honeycomb outer surface revealed through electron microscopy contributes for high modulus in CQ stem fiber and thermo gravimetric analysis ensures thermal stability up to 270 °C, which is within the polymerization process temperature. 25498651 4 4 theme gravimetric 604:614 arg1 analysis 616:623 thermo gravimetric analysis 597:623 thermo gravimetric analysis 597:623 Anatomical study, chemical analysis, physical analysis, FTIR, XRD, SEM analysis and thermo gravimetric analysis were done to establish the certainty of using them as reinforcement fiber. 25498651 3 5 theme fiber 358:362 arg1 extract 364:370 Eco friendly natural cellulosic fiber extract 326:370 Eco friendly natural cellulosic fiber extract from the stem of Cissus quadrangularis plant 326:415 Eco friendly natural cellulosic fiber extract from the stem of Cissus quadrangularis plant is extensively characterized to consider as a viable alternative for man-made hazardous fibers. 25498651 6 6 theme outer 905:909 arg1 surface 911:917 The flaky honeycomb outer surface 885:917 The flaky honeycomb outer surface 885:917 The flaky honeycomb outer surface revealed through electron microscopy contributes for high modulus in CQ stem fiber and thermo gravimetric analysis ensures thermal stability up to 270 °C, which is within the polymerization process temperature. 25498651 1 7 theme aero 181:184 arg1 industries 186:195 automotive and aero industries 166:195 automotive and aero industries 166:195 Polymer composite has contributed tremendously for energy efficient technologies in automotive and aero industries. 25498651 4 8 theme thermo 597:602 arg1 analysis 616:623 thermo gravimetric analysis 597:623 thermo gravimetric analysis 597:623 Anatomical study, chemical analysis, physical analysis, FTIR, XRD, SEM analysis and thermo gravimetric analysis were done to establish the certainty of using them as reinforcement fiber. 25498651 5 9 theme cellulose 742:750 arg1 content 752:758 high cellulose content 737:758 high cellulose content (82.73%) 737:767 Its light weight and the presence of high cellulose content (82.73%) with very little wax (0.18%) provide high specific strength and good bonding properties in composite manufacturing. 25498651 5 9 theme cellulose 742:750 arg1 % 766:766 82.73% 761:766 82.73% 761:766 Its light weight and the presence of high cellulose content (82.73%) with very little wax (0.18%) provide high specific strength and good bonding properties in composite manufacturing. 25498651 0 10 from Characterization 0:15 arg1 stem 76:79 Cissus quadrangularis stem 54:79 Cissus quadrangularis stem 54:79 Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from Cissus quadrangularis stem. 25498651 6 11 dep stability 1050:1058 arg1 °C 1070:1071 °C 1070:1071 °C 1070:1071 The flaky honeycomb outer surface revealed through electron microscopy contributes for high modulus in CQ stem fiber and thermo gravimetric analysis ensures thermal stability up to 270 °C, which is within the polymerization process temperature. 25498651 5 12 from properties 846:855 arg1 manufacturing 870:882 composite manufacturing 860:882 composite manufacturing 860:882 Its light weight and the presence of high cellulose content (82.73%) with very little wax (0.18%) provide high specific strength and good bonding properties in composite manufacturing. 25498651 6 13 theme stem 991:994 arg1 fiber 996:1000 CQ stem fiber 988:1000 CQ stem fiber 988:1000 The flaky honeycomb outer surface revealed through electron microscopy contributes for high modulus in CQ stem fiber and thermo gravimetric analysis ensures thermal stability up to 270 °C, which is within the polymerization process temperature. 25498651 3 14 theme Cissus 389:394 arg1 plant 411:415 Cissus quadrangularis plant 389:415 Cissus quadrangularis plant 389:415 Eco friendly natural cellulosic fiber extract from the stem of Cissus quadrangularis plant is extensively characterized to consider as a viable alternative for man-made hazardous fibers. 25498651 5 15 with presence 725:732 arg1 wax 786:788 very little wax 774:788 very little wax (0.18%) 774:796 Its light weight and the presence of high cellulose content (82.73%) with very little wax (0.18%) provide high specific strength and good bonding properties in composite manufacturing. 25498651 5 15 with presence 725:732 arg1 % 795:795 0.18% 791:795 0.18% 791:795 Its light weight and the presence of high cellulose content (82.73%) with very little wax (0.18%) provide high specific strength and good bonding properties in composite manufacturing. 25498651 6 16 from modulus 977:983 arg1 fiber 996:1000 CQ stem fiber 988:1000 CQ stem fiber 988:1000 The flaky honeycomb outer surface revealed through electron microscopy contributes for high modulus in CQ stem fiber and thermo gravimetric analysis ensures thermal stability up to 270 °C, which is within the polymerization process temperature. 25498651 6 16 from modulus 977:983 arg1 analysis 1025:1032 thermo gravimetric analysis 1006:1032 thermo gravimetric analysis 1006:1032 The flaky honeycomb outer surface revealed through electron microscopy contributes for high modulus in CQ stem fiber and thermo gravimetric analysis ensures thermal stability up to 270 °C, which is within the polymerization process temperature. 25498651 2 17 dep Environmental 198:210 arg1 concerns 223:230 concerns 223:230 concerns related to the carcinogenic nature of artificial fiber in polymer 223:296 Environmental and health concerns related to the carcinogenic nature of artificial fiber in polymer composite needs a retrofit. 25498651 4 18 theme Anatomical 513:522 arg1 study 524:528 Anatomical study 513:528 Anatomical study 513:528 Anatomical study, chemical analysis, physical analysis, FTIR, XRD, SEM analysis and thermo gravimetric analysis were done to establish the certainty of using them as reinforcement fiber. 25498651 4 19 theme reinforcement 679:691 arg1 fiber 693:697 reinforcement fiber 679:697 reinforcement fiber 679:697 Anatomical study, chemical analysis, physical analysis, FTIR, XRD, SEM analysis and thermo gravimetric analysis were done to establish the certainty of using them as reinforcement fiber. 25498651 6 20 theme CQ 988:989 arg1 fiber 996:1000 CQ stem fiber 988:1000 CQ stem fiber 988:1000 The flaky honeycomb outer surface revealed through electron microscopy contributes for high modulus in CQ stem fiber and thermo gravimetric analysis ensures thermal stability up to 270 °C, which is within the polymerization process temperature. 25498651 4 21 theme chemical 531:538 arg1 analysis 540:547 chemical analysis 531:547 chemical analysis 531:547 Anatomical study, chemical analysis, physical analysis, FTIR, XRD, SEM analysis and thermo gravimetric analysis were done to establish the certainty of using them as reinforcement fiber. 25498651 5 22 theme little 779:784 arg1 wax 786:788 very little wax 774:788 very little wax (0.18%) 774:796 Its light weight and the presence of high cellulose content (82.73%) with very little wax (0.18%) provide high specific strength and good bonding properties in composite manufacturing. 25498651 5 22 theme little 779:784 arg1 % 795:795 0.18% 791:795 0.18% 791:795 Its light weight and the presence of high cellulose content (82.73%) with very little wax (0.18%) provide high specific strength and good bonding properties in composite manufacturing. 25498651 1 23 theme Polymer 82:88 arg1 composite 90:98 Polymer composite 82:98 Polymer composite 82:98 Polymer composite has contributed tremendously for energy efficient technologies in automotive and aero industries. 25498651 6 24 theme thermal 1042:1048 arg1 stability 1050:1058 thermal stability 1042:1058 thermal stability 1042:1058 The flaky honeycomb outer surface revealed through electron microscopy contributes for high modulus in CQ stem fiber and thermo gravimetric analysis ensures thermal stability up to 270 °C, which is within the polymerization process temperature. 25498651 1 25 from technologies 150:161 arg1 industries 186:195 automotive and aero industries 166:195 automotive and aero industries 166:195 Polymer composite has contributed tremendously for energy efficient technologies in automotive and aero industries. 25498651 6 26 dep °C 1070:1071 arg1 270 1066:1068 270 1066:1068 270 1066:1068 The flaky honeycomb outer surface revealed through electron microscopy contributes for high modulus in CQ stem fiber and thermo gravimetric analysis ensures thermal stability up to 270 °C, which is within the polymerization process temperature. 25498651 2 27 from nature 260:265 arg1 polymer 290:296 polymer 290:296 polymer 290:296 Environmental and health concerns related to the carcinogenic nature of artificial fiber in polymer composite needs a retrofit. 25498651 4 28 theme SEM 580:582 arg1 analysis 584:591 SEM analysis 580:591 SEM analysis 580:591 Anatomical study, chemical analysis, physical analysis, FTIR, XRD, SEM analysis and thermo gravimetric analysis were done to establish the certainty of using them as reinforcement fiber. 25498651 5 29 theme bonding 838:844 arg1 properties 846:855 good bonding properties 833:855 good bonding properties 833:855 Its light weight and the presence of high cellulose content (82.73%) with very little wax (0.18%) provide high specific strength and good bonding properties in composite manufacturing. 25498651 6 30 dep 270 1066:1068 arg1 to 1063:1064 to 1063:1064 to 1063:1064 The flaky honeycomb outer surface revealed through electron microscopy contributes for high modulus in CQ stem fiber and thermo gravimetric analysis ensures thermal stability up to 270 °C, which is within the polymerization process temperature. 25498651 3 31 theme viable 463:468 arg1 alternative 470:480 a viable alternative 461:480 a viable alternative for man-made hazardous fibers 461:510 Eco friendly natural cellulosic fiber extract from the stem of Cissus quadrangularis plant is extensively characterized to consider as a viable alternative for man-made hazardous fibers. 25498651 0 32 theme natural 24:30 arg1 fiber 43:47 new natural cellulosic fiber 20:47 new natural cellulosic fiber from Cissus quadrangularis stem 20:79 Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from Cissus quadrangularis stem. 25498651 5 33 theme specific 811:818 arg1 strength 820:827 high specific strength 806:827 high specific strength 806:827 Its light weight and the presence of high cellulose content (82.73%) with very little wax (0.18%) provide high specific strength and good bonding properties in composite manufacturing. 25498651 0 34 theme new 20:22 arg1 fiber 43:47 new natural cellulosic fiber 20:47 new natural cellulosic fiber from Cissus quadrangularis stem 20:79 Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from Cissus quadrangularis stem. 25498651 6 35 theme high 972:975 arg1 modulus 977:983 high modulus 972:983 high modulus in CQ stem fiber and thermo gravimetric analysis 972:1032 The flaky honeycomb outer surface revealed through electron microscopy contributes for high modulus in CQ stem fiber and thermo gravimetric analysis ensures thermal stability up to 270 °C, which is within the polymerization process temperature. 25498651 3 36 theme plant 411:415 arg1 stem 381:384 the stem 377:384 the stem of Cissus quadrangularis plant 377:415 Eco friendly natural cellulosic fiber extract from the stem of Cissus quadrangularis plant is extensively characterized to consider as a viable alternative for man-made hazardous fibers. 25498651 0 37 theme fiber 43:47 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from Cissus quadrangularis stem. 0:80 Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from Cissus quadrangularis stem. 25498651 2 38 theme Environmental 198:210 arg1 composite 298:306 Environmental and health concerns related to the carcinogenic nature of artificial fiber in polymer composite 198:306 Environmental and health concerns related to the carcinogenic nature of artificial fiber in polymer composite 198:306 Environmental and health concerns related to the carcinogenic nature of artificial fiber in polymer composite needs a retrofit. 25498651 5 39 theme composite 860:868 arg1 manufacturing 870:882 composite manufacturing 860:882 composite manufacturing 860:882 Its light weight and the presence of high cellulose content (82.73%) with very little wax (0.18%) provide high specific strength and good bonding properties in composite manufacturing. 25498651 3 40 theme man-made 486:493 arg1 fibers 505:510 man-made hazardous fibers 486:510 man-made hazardous fibers 486:510 Eco friendly natural cellulosic fiber extract from the stem of Cissus quadrangularis plant is extensively characterized to consider as a viable alternative for man-made hazardous fibers. 25498651 0 41 theme cellulosic 32:41 arg1 fiber 43:47 new natural cellulosic fiber 20:47 new natural cellulosic fiber from Cissus quadrangularis stem 20:79 Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from Cissus quadrangularis stem. 25498651 5 42 theme high 737:740 arg1 content 752:758 high cellulose content 737:758 high cellulose content (82.73%) 737:767 Its light weight and the presence of high cellulose content (82.73%) with very little wax (0.18%) provide high specific strength and good bonding properties in composite manufacturing. 25498651 5 42 theme high 737:740 arg1 % 766:766 82.73% 761:766 82.73% 761:766 Its light weight and the presence of high cellulose content (82.73%) with very little wax (0.18%) provide high specific strength and good bonding properties in composite manufacturing. 25498651 0 43 from stem 76:79 arg1 fiber 43:47 new natural cellulosic fiber 20:47 new natural cellulosic fiber from Cissus quadrangularis stem 20:79 Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from Cissus quadrangularis stem. 25498651 0 43 from stem 76:79 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from Cissus quadrangularis stem. 0:80 Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from Cissus quadrangularis stem. 25498651 6 44 theme thermo 1006:1011 arg1 analysis 1025:1032 thermo gravimetric analysis 1006:1032 thermo gravimetric analysis 1006:1032 The flaky honeycomb outer surface revealed through electron microscopy contributes for high modulus in CQ stem fiber and thermo gravimetric analysis ensures thermal stability up to 270 °C, which is within the polymerization process temperature. 25498651 5 45 theme good 833:836 arg1 properties 846:855 good bonding properties 833:855 good bonding properties 833:855 Its light weight and the presence of high cellulose content (82.73%) with very little wax (0.18%) provide high specific strength and good bonding properties in composite manufacturing. 25498651 3 46 theme hazardous 495:503 arg1 fibers 505:510 man-made hazardous fibers 486:510 man-made hazardous fibers 486:510 Eco friendly natural cellulosic fiber extract from the stem of Cissus quadrangularis plant is extensively characterized to consider as a viable alternative for man-made hazardous fibers. 25498651 0 47 theme Cissus 54:59 arg1 stem 76:79 Cissus quadrangularis stem 54:79 Cissus quadrangularis stem 54:79 Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from Cissus quadrangularis stem. 25498651 3 48 theme friendly 330:337 arg1 extract 364:370 Eco friendly natural cellulosic fiber extract 326:370 Eco friendly natural cellulosic fiber extract from the stem of Cissus quadrangularis plant 326:415 Eco friendly natural cellulosic fiber extract from the stem of Cissus quadrangularis plant is extensively characterized to consider as a viable alternative for man-made hazardous fibers. 25498651 2 49 theme carcinogenic 247:258 arg1 nature 260:265 the carcinogenic nature 243:265 the carcinogenic nature of artificial fiber in polymer 243:296 Environmental and health concerns related to the carcinogenic nature of artificial fiber in polymer composite needs a retrofit. 25498651 4 50 theme physical 550:557 arg1 analysis 559:566 physical analysis 550:566 physical analysis 550:566 Anatomical study, chemical analysis, physical analysis, FTIR, XRD, SEM analysis and thermo gravimetric analysis were done to establish the certainty of using them as reinforcement fiber. 25498651 6 51 theme electron 936:943 arg1 microscopy 945:954 electron microscopy 936:954 electron microscopy 936:954 The flaky honeycomb outer surface revealed through electron microscopy contributes for high modulus in CQ stem fiber and thermo gravimetric analysis ensures thermal stability up to 270 °C, which is within the polymerization process temperature. 25498651 3 52 theme natural 339:345 arg1 extract 364:370 Eco friendly natural cellulosic fiber extract 326:370 Eco friendly natural cellulosic fiber extract from the stem of Cissus quadrangularis plant 326:415 Eco friendly natural cellulosic fiber extract from the stem of Cissus quadrangularis plant is extensively characterized to consider as a viable alternative for man-made hazardous fibers. 25498651 5 53 with weight 710:715 arg1 wax 786:788 very little wax 774:788 very little wax (0.18%) 774:796 Its light weight and the presence of high cellulose content (82.73%) with very little wax (0.18%) provide high specific strength and good bonding properties in composite manufacturing. 25498651 5 53 with weight 710:715 arg1 % 795:795 0.18% 791:795 0.18% 791:795 Its light weight and the presence of high cellulose content (82.73%) with very little wax (0.18%) provide high specific strength and good bonding properties in composite manufacturing. 25498651 1 54 theme energy 133:138 arg1 technologies 150:161 energy efficient technologies 133:161 energy efficient technologies in automotive and aero industries 133:195 Polymer composite has contributed tremendously for energy efficient technologies in automotive and aero industries. 25498651 5 55 theme light 704:708 arg1 weight 710:715 Its light weight 700:715 Its light weight 700:715 Its light weight and the presence of high cellulose content (82.73%) with very little wax (0.18%) provide high specific strength and good bonding properties in composite manufacturing. 25498651 5 56 from strength 820:827 arg1 manufacturing 870:882 composite manufacturing 860:882 composite manufacturing 860:882 Its light weight and the presence of high cellulose content (82.73%) with very little wax (0.18%) provide high specific strength and good bonding properties in composite manufacturing. 25498651 1 57 theme efficient 140:148 arg1 technologies 150:161 energy efficient technologies 133:161 energy efficient technologies in automotive and aero industries 133:195 Polymer composite has contributed tremendously for energy efficient technologies in automotive and aero industries. 25498651 3 58 theme Eco 326:328 arg1 extract 364:370 Eco friendly natural cellulosic fiber extract 326:370 Eco friendly natural cellulosic fiber extract from the stem of Cissus quadrangularis plant 326:415 Eco friendly natural cellulosic fiber extract from the stem of Cissus quadrangularis plant is extensively characterized to consider as a viable alternative for man-made hazardous fibers. 25498651 5 59 theme high 806:809 arg1 strength 820:827 high specific strength 806:827 high specific strength 806:827 Its light weight and the presence of high cellulose content (82.73%) with very little wax (0.18%) provide high specific strength and good bonding properties in composite manufacturing. 25498651 6 60 theme process 1109:1115 arg1 temperature 1117:1127 the polymerization process temperature 1090:1127 the polymerization process temperature 1090:1127 The flaky honeycomb outer surface revealed through electron microscopy contributes for high modulus in CQ stem fiber and thermo gravimetric analysis ensures thermal stability up to 270 °C, which is within the polymerization process temperature. 25498651 2 61 theme health 216:221 arg1 composite 298:306 Environmental and health concerns related to the carcinogenic nature of artificial fiber in polymer composite 198:306 Environmental and health concerns related to the carcinogenic nature of artificial fiber in polymer composite 198:306 Environmental and health concerns related to the carcinogenic nature of artificial fiber in polymer composite needs a retrofit. 25498651 2 62 theme fiber 281:285 arg1 nature 260:265 the carcinogenic nature 243:265 the carcinogenic nature of artificial fiber in polymer 243:296 Environmental and health concerns related to the carcinogenic nature of artificial fiber in polymer composite needs a retrofit. 25498651 6 63 theme polymerization 1094:1107 arg1 process 1109:1115 the polymerization process 1090:1115 the polymerization process temperature 1090:1127 The flaky honeycomb outer surface revealed through electron microscopy contributes for high modulus in CQ stem fiber and thermo gravimetric analysis ensures thermal stability up to 270 °C, which is within the polymerization process temperature. 25498651 6 64 theme honeycomb 895:903 arg1 surface 911:917 The flaky honeycomb outer surface 885:917 The flaky honeycomb outer surface 885:917 The flaky honeycomb outer surface revealed through electron microscopy contributes for high modulus in CQ stem fiber and thermo gravimetric analysis ensures thermal stability up to 270 °C, which is within the polymerization process temperature. 25498651 0 65 theme quadrangularis 61:74 arg1 stem 76:79 Cissus quadrangularis stem 54:79 Cissus quadrangularis stem 54:79 Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from Cissus quadrangularis stem. 25498651 2 66 theme artificial 270:279 arg1 fiber 281:285 artificial fiber 270:285 artificial fiber 270:285 Environmental and health concerns related to the carcinogenic nature of artificial fiber in polymer composite needs a retrofit. 25498651 1 67 theme automotive 166:175 arg1 industries 186:195 automotive and aero industries 166:195 automotive and aero industries 166:195 Polymer composite has contributed tremendously for energy efficient technologies in automotive and aero industries. 25498651 3 68 from stem 381:384 arg1 extract 364:370 Eco friendly natural cellulosic fiber extract 326:370 Eco friendly natural cellulosic fiber extract from the stem of Cissus quadrangularis plant 326:415 Eco friendly natural cellulosic fiber extract from the stem of Cissus quadrangularis plant is extensively characterized to consider as a viable alternative for man-made hazardous fibers. 25498651 5 69 theme content 752:758 arg1 weight 710:715 Its light weight 700:715 Its light weight 700:715 Its light weight and the presence of high cellulose content (82.73%) with very little wax (0.18%) provide high specific strength and good bonding properties in composite manufacturing. 25498651 5 69 theme content 752:758 arg1 presence 725:732 the presence 721:732 the presence of high cellulose content (82.73%) with very little wax (0.18%) 721:796 Its light weight and the presence of high cellulose content (82.73%) with very little wax (0.18%) provide high specific strength and good bonding properties in composite manufacturing. 25927398 4 0 theme flavonoid 460:468 arg1 compounds 470:478 Three flavonoid compounds 454:478 Three flavonoid compounds 454:478 Three flavonoid compounds showed satisfactory suppression effects on the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in β-lactoglobulin-lactose/MGO/GO model systems, and their anti-glycation activities exhibited a dose-dependent manner. 25927398 4 1 theme products 563:570 arg1 formation 527:535 the formation 523:535 the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in β-lactoglobulin-lactose/MGO/GO model systems 523:625 Three flavonoid compounds showed satisfactory suppression effects on the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in β-lactoglobulin-lactose/MGO/GO model systems, and their anti-glycation activities exhibited a dose-dependent manner. 25927398 0 2 theme inhibitory 68:77 arg1 effect 79:84 the inhibitory effect 64:84 the inhibitory effect on glycation of β-lactoglobulin 64:116 Chemical components from the haulm of Artemisia selengensis and the inhibitory effect on glycation of β-lactoglobulin. 25927398 0 3 from components 9:18 arg1 glycation 89:97 glycation 89:97 glycation of β-lactoglobulin 89:116 Chemical components from the haulm of Artemisia selengensis and the inhibitory effect on glycation of β-lactoglobulin. 25927398 4 4 theme end 559:561 arg1 AGEs 573:576 AGEs 573:576 AGEs 573:576 Three flavonoid compounds showed satisfactory suppression effects on the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in β-lactoglobulin-lactose/MGO/GO model systems, and their anti-glycation activities exhibited a dose-dependent manner. 25927398 4 4 theme end 559:561 arg1 products 563:570 advanced glycation end products 540:570 advanced glycation end products (AGEs) 540:577 Three flavonoid compounds showed satisfactory suppression effects on the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in β-lactoglobulin-lactose/MGO/GO model systems, and their anti-glycation activities exhibited a dose-dependent manner. 25927398 1 5 dep selengensis 129:139 arg1 AS 142:143 AS 142:143 AS 142:143 Artemisia selengensis (AS) has been traditionally used as both food and medicine for thousands of years in China. 25927398 0 6 theme β-lactoglobulin 102:116 arg1 glycation 89:97 glycation 89:97 glycation of β-lactoglobulin 89:116 Chemical components from the haulm of Artemisia selengensis and the inhibitory effect on glycation of β-lactoglobulin. 25927398 5 7 theme AGEs 821:824 arg1 formation 808:816 the formation 804:816 the formation of AGEs 804:824 Among these compounds, kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide was demonstrated to be the strongest inhibitor against the formation of AGEs. 25927398 4 8 theme anti-glycation 638:651 arg1 activities 653:662 their anti-glycation activities 632:662 their anti-glycation activities 632:662 Three flavonoid compounds showed satisfactory suppression effects on the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in β-lactoglobulin-lactose/MGO/GO model systems, and their anti-glycation activities exhibited a dose-dependent manner. 25927398 0 9 from haulm 29:33 arg1 effect 79:84 the inhibitory effect 64:84 the inhibitory effect on glycation of β-lactoglobulin 64:116 Chemical components from the haulm of Artemisia selengensis and the inhibitory effect on glycation of β-lactoglobulin. 25927398 0 9 from haulm 29:33 arg1 components 9:18 Chemical components 0:18 Chemical components from the haulm of Artemisia selengensis 0:58 Chemical components from the haulm of Artemisia selengensis and the inhibitory effect on glycation of β-lactoglobulin. 25927398 0 10 theme Chemical 0:7 arg1 components 9:18 Chemical components 0:18 Chemical components from the haulm of Artemisia selengensis 0:58 Chemical components from the haulm of Artemisia selengensis and the inhibitory effect on glycation of β-lactoglobulin. 25927398 3 11 theme spectroscopic 401:413 arg1 methods 415:421 spectroscopic methods 401:421 spectroscopic methods including HRMS, 1D and 2D NMR 401:451 Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including HRMS, 1D and 2D NMR. 25927398 3 11 theme spectroscopic 401:413 arg1 2D 446:447 2D 446:447 2D 446:447 Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including HRMS, 1D and 2D NMR. 25927398 3 11 theme spectroscopic 401:413 arg1 1D 439:440 1D 439:440 1D 439:440 Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including HRMS, 1D and 2D NMR. 25927398 3 11 theme spectroscopic 401:413 arg1 HRMS 433:436 HRMS 433:436 HRMS 433:436 Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including HRMS, 1D and 2D NMR. 25927398 4 12 theme advanced 540:547 arg1 AGEs 573:576 AGEs 573:576 AGEs 573:576 Three flavonoid compounds showed satisfactory suppression effects on the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in β-lactoglobulin-lactose/MGO/GO model systems, and their anti-glycation activities exhibited a dose-dependent manner. 25927398 4 12 theme advanced 540:547 arg1 products 563:570 advanced glycation end products 540:570 advanced glycation end products (AGEs) 540:577 Three flavonoid compounds showed satisfactory suppression effects on the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in β-lactoglobulin-lactose/MGO/GO model systems, and their anti-glycation activities exhibited a dose-dependent manner. 25927398 4 13 from formation 527:535 arg1 systems 619:625 β-lactoglobulin-lactose/MGO/GO model systems 582:625 β-lactoglobulin-lactose/MGO/GO model systems 582:625 Three flavonoid compounds showed satisfactory suppression effects on the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in β-lactoglobulin-lactose/MGO/GO model systems, and their anti-glycation activities exhibited a dose-dependent manner. 25927398 4 14 theme glycation 549:557 arg1 AGEs 573:576 AGEs 573:576 AGEs 573:576 Three flavonoid compounds showed satisfactory suppression effects on the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in β-lactoglobulin-lactose/MGO/GO model systems, and their anti-glycation activities exhibited a dose-dependent manner. 25927398 4 14 theme glycation 549:557 arg1 products 563:570 advanced glycation end products 540:570 advanced glycation end products (AGEs) 540:577 Three flavonoid compounds showed satisfactory suppression effects on the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in β-lactoglobulin-lactose/MGO/GO model systems, and their anti-glycation activities exhibited a dose-dependent manner. 25927398 0 15 from effect 79:84 arg1 glycation 89:97 glycation 89:97 glycation of β-lactoglobulin 89:116 Chemical components from the haulm of Artemisia selengensis and the inhibitory effect on glycation of β-lactoglobulin. 25927398 2 16 theme AS 299:300 arg1 haulm 290:294 the haulm 286:294 the haulm of AS together with luteolin, rutin, and kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide 286:362 In our studies, l-tryptophan was first isolated from the haulm of AS together with luteolin, rutin, and kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide. 25927398 1 17 from China 226:230 arg1 thousands 204:212 thousands 204:212 thousands of years in China 204:230 Artemisia selengensis (AS) has been traditionally used as both food and medicine for thousands of years in China. 25927398 4 18 theme model 613:617 arg1 systems 619:625 β-lactoglobulin-lactose/MGO/GO model systems 582:625 β-lactoglobulin-lactose/MGO/GO model systems 582:625 Three flavonoid compounds showed satisfactory suppression effects on the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in β-lactoglobulin-lactose/MGO/GO model systems, and their anti-glycation activities exhibited a dose-dependent manner. 25927398 4 19 theme satisfactory 487:498 arg1 effects 512:518 satisfactory suppression effects 487:518 satisfactory suppression effects 487:518 Three flavonoid compounds showed satisfactory suppression effects on the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in β-lactoglobulin-lactose/MGO/GO model systems, and their anti-glycation activities exhibited a dose-dependent manner. 25927398 0 20 theme selengensis 48:58 arg1 haulm 29:33 the haulm 25:33 the haulm of Artemisia selengensis 25:58 Chemical components from the haulm of Artemisia selengensis and the inhibitory effect on glycation of β-lactoglobulin. 25927398 4 21 theme suppression 500:510 arg1 effects 512:518 satisfactory suppression effects 487:518 satisfactory suppression effects 487:518 Three flavonoid compounds showed satisfactory suppression effects on the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in β-lactoglobulin-lactose/MGO/GO model systems, and their anti-glycation activities exhibited a dose-dependent manner. 25927398 1 22 from years 217:221 arg1 China 226:230 China 226:230 China 226:230 Artemisia selengensis (AS) has been traditionally used as both food and medicine for thousands of years in China. 25927398 0 23 theme Artemisia 38:46 arg1 selengensis 48:58 Artemisia selengensis 38:58 Artemisia selengensis 38:58 Chemical components from the haulm of Artemisia selengensis and the inhibitory effect on glycation of β-lactoglobulin. 25927398 1 24 theme Artemisia 119:127 arg1 selengensis 129:139 Artemisia selengensis 119:139 Artemisia selengensis (AS) 119:144 Artemisia selengensis (AS) has been traditionally used as both food and medicine for thousands of years in China. 25927398 1 24 theme Artemisia 119:127 arg1 medicine 191:198 medicine 191:198 medicine 191:198 Artemisia selengensis (AS) has been traditionally used as both food and medicine for thousands of years in China. 25927398 1 24 theme Artemisia 119:127 arg1 food 182:185 food 182:185 food 182:185 Artemisia selengensis (AS) has been traditionally used as both food and medicine for thousands of years in China. 25927398 1 25 from thousands 204:212 arg1 China 226:230 China 226:230 China 226:230 Artemisia selengensis (AS) has been traditionally used as both food and medicine for thousands of years in China. 25927398 3 26 dep HRMS 433:436 arg1 NMR 449:451 NMR 449:451 NMR 449:451 Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including HRMS, 1D and 2D NMR. 25927398 1 27 used used 169:172 arg2 medicine 191:198 medicine 191:198 medicine 191:198 Artemisia selengensis (AS) has been traditionally used as both food and medicine for thousands of years in China. 25927398 1 27 used used 169:172 arg2 food 182:185 food 182:185 food 182:185 Artemisia selengensis (AS) has been traditionally used as both food and medicine for thousands of years in China. 25927398 1 27 used used 169:172 arg2 selengensis 129:139 Artemisia selengensis 119:139 Artemisia selengensis (AS) 119:144 Artemisia selengensis (AS) has been traditionally used as both food and medicine for thousands of years in China. 25927398 1 28 theme years 217:221 arg1 thousands 204:212 thousands 204:212 thousands of years in China 204:230 Artemisia selengensis (AS) has been traditionally used as both food and medicine for thousands of years in China. 25927398 5 29 theme strongest 776:784 arg1 inhibitor 786:794 the strongest inhibitor 772:794 the strongest inhibitor against the formation of AGEs 772:824 Among these compounds, kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide was demonstrated to be the strongest inhibitor against the formation of AGEs. 25927398 5 29 theme strongest 776:784 arg1 kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide 722:747 kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide 722:747 kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide 722:747 Among these compounds, kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide was demonstrated to be the strongest inhibitor against the formation of AGEs. 25927398 2 30 attach isolated 272:279 arg1 haulm 290:294 the haulm 286:294 the haulm of AS together with luteolin, rutin, and kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide 286:362 In our studies, l-tryptophan was first isolated from the haulm of AS together with luteolin, rutin, and kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide. 25927398 2 30 attach isolated 272:279 arg2 l-tryptophan 249:260 l-tryptophan 249:260 l-tryptophan 249:260 In our studies, l-tryptophan was first isolated from the haulm of AS together with luteolin, rutin, and kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide. 25927398 4 31 theme dose-dependent 676:689 arg1 manner 691:696 a dose-dependent manner 674:696 a dose-dependent manner 674:696 Three flavonoid compounds showed satisfactory suppression effects on the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in β-lactoglobulin-lactose/MGO/GO model systems, and their anti-glycation activities exhibited a dose-dependent manner. 25927398 4 32 theme β-lactoglobulin-lactose/MGO/GO 582:611 arg1 systems 619:625 β-lactoglobulin-lactose/MGO/GO model systems 582:625 β-lactoglobulin-lactose/MGO/GO model systems 582:625 Three flavonoid compounds showed satisfactory suppression effects on the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in β-lactoglobulin-lactose/MGO/GO model systems, and their anti-glycation activities exhibited a dose-dependent manner. 23894020 8 0 theme in 1256:1257 arg1 bioactivities 1264:1276 the in vitro and in vivo bioactivities 1239:1276 the in vitro and in vivo bioactivities of the CS/β-GP composite membrane 1239:1310 This primary study indicated that the in vitro and in vivo bioactivities of the CS/β-GP composite membrane fulfilled the requirements for GBR technique. 23894020 2 1 theme new 340:342 arg1 concept 344:350 a new concept 338:350 a new concept for a guided bone regeneration (GBR) membrane design 338:403 These studies have provided us with a new concept for a guided bone regeneration (GBR) membrane design. 23894020 0 2 theme membrane 75:82 arg1 evaluation 21:30 In vitro and in vivo evaluation 0:30 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of chitosan/β-glycerol phosphate composite membrane for guided bone regeneration. 0:112 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of chitosan/β-glycerol phosphate composite membrane for guided bone regeneration. 23894020 7 3 theme inflammatory 1043:1054 arg1 response 1056:1063 A mild inflammatory response 1036:1063 A mild inflammatory response 1036:1063 A mild inflammatory response was observed around the implanted CS/β-GP composite membrane without any foreign body reaction that continued up to 4 weeks of postsurgery. 23894020 1 4 with composite 158:166 arg1 behavior 211:218 a thermosensitive sol-gel transition behavior 174:218 a thermosensitive sol-gel transition behavior 174:218 Chitosan and β-glycerol phosphate (CS/β-GP) composite, with a thermosensitive sol-gel transition behavior, has been tested as one of the viable materials for barrier membrane fabrication. 23894020 3 5 theme neutral 465:471 arg1 procedures 490:499 the neutral mild preparation procedures 461:499 the neutral mild preparation procedures 461:499 The composition, porous structure of the membrane, and the neutral mild preparation procedures make the CS/β-GP membrane a potentially active guide for bone regeneration. 23894020 0 6 theme bone 95:98 arg1 regeneration 100:111 guided bone regeneration 88:111 guided bone regeneration 88:111 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of chitosan/β-glycerol phosphate composite membrane for guided bone regeneration. 23894020 7 7 theme mild 1038:1041 arg1 response 1056:1063 A mild inflammatory response 1036:1063 A mild inflammatory response 1036:1063 A mild inflammatory response was observed around the implanted CS/β-GP composite membrane without any foreign body reaction that continued up to 4 weeks of postsurgery. 23894020 0 8 theme guided 88:93 arg1 regeneration 100:111 guided bone regeneration 88:111 guided bone regeneration 88:111 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of chitosan/β-glycerol phosphate composite membrane for guided bone regeneration. 23894020 4 9 theme GBR 712:714 arg1 application 716:726 GBR application 712:726 GBR application 712:726 In this study, the CS/β-GP composite membrane, with different concentrations of β-GP, was studied to assess their potential utility in GBR application. 23894020 3 10 theme CS/β-GP 510:516 arg1 membrane 518:525 the CS/β-GP membrane 506:525 the CS/β-GP membrane 506:525 The composition, porous structure of the membrane, and the neutral mild preparation procedures make the CS/β-GP membrane a potentially active guide for bone regeneration. 23894020 1 11 theme viable 251:256 arg1 materials 258:266 the viable materials 247:266 the viable materials for barrier membrane fabrication 247:299 Chitosan and β-glycerol phosphate (CS/β-GP) composite, with a thermosensitive sol-gel transition behavior, has been tested as one of the viable materials for barrier membrane fabrication. 23894020 5 12 theme CS/β-GP 788:794 arg1 membrane 806:813 the CS/β-GP composite membrane 784:813 the CS/β-GP composite membrane 784:813 The initial attachment of the ST2 stromal cell line to the CS/β-GP composite membrane was better than their attachment to the pure CS membrane. 23894020 8 13 dep in 1256:1257 arg1 vivo 1259:1262 vivo 1259:1262 vivo 1259:1262 This primary study indicated that the in vitro and in vivo bioactivities of the CS/β-GP composite membrane fulfilled the requirements for GBR technique. 23894020 7 14 theme composite 1107:1115 arg1 membrane 1117:1124 the implanted CS/β-GP composite membrane 1085:1124 the implanted CS/β-GP composite membrane 1085:1124 A mild inflammatory response was observed around the implanted CS/β-GP composite membrane without any foreign body reaction that continued up to 4 weeks of postsurgery. 23894020 8 15 theme CS/β-GP 1285:1291 arg1 membrane 1303:1310 the CS/β-GP composite membrane 1281:1310 the CS/β-GP composite membrane 1281:1310 This primary study indicated that the in vitro and in vivo bioactivities of the CS/β-GP composite membrane fulfilled the requirements for GBR technique. 23894020 4 16 theme different 629:637 arg1 concentrations 639:652 different concentrations 629:652 different concentrations of β-GP 629:660 In this study, the CS/β-GP composite membrane, with different concentrations of β-GP, was studied to assess their potential utility in GBR application. 23894020 2 17 theme regeneration 370:381 arg1 design 398:403 a guided bone regeneration (GBR) membrane design 356:403 a guided bone regeneration (GBR) membrane design 356:403 These studies have provided us with a new concept for a guided bone regeneration (GBR) membrane design. 23894020 7 18 theme foreign 1138:1144 arg1 reaction 1151:1158 any foreign body reaction 1134:1158 any foreign body reaction that continued up to 4 weeks of postsurgery 1134:1202 A mild inflammatory response was observed around the implanted CS/β-GP composite membrane without any foreign body reaction that continued up to 4 weeks of postsurgery. 23894020 5 19 attach attachment 741:750 arg2 line 776:779 the ST2 stromal cell line 755:779 the ST2 stromal cell line 755:779 The initial attachment of the ST2 stromal cell line to the CS/β-GP composite membrane was better than their attachment to the pure CS membrane. 23894020 5 19 attach attachment 741:750 arg1 membrane 806:813 the CS/β-GP composite membrane 784:813 the CS/β-GP composite membrane 784:813 The initial attachment of the ST2 stromal cell line to the CS/β-GP composite membrane was better than their attachment to the pure CS membrane. 23894020 5 20 theme stromal 763:769 arg1 line 776:779 the ST2 stromal cell line 755:779 the ST2 stromal cell line 755:779 The initial attachment of the ST2 stromal cell line to the CS/β-GP composite membrane was better than their attachment to the pure CS membrane. 23894020 2 21 theme bone 365:368 arg1 design 398:403 a guided bone regeneration (GBR) membrane design 356:403 a guided bone regeneration (GBR) membrane design 356:403 These studies have provided us with a new concept for a guided bone regeneration (GBR) membrane design. 23894020 5 22 theme ST2 759:761 arg1 line 776:779 the ST2 stromal cell line 755:779 the ST2 stromal cell line 755:779 The initial attachment of the ST2 stromal cell line to the CS/β-GP composite membrane was better than their attachment to the pure CS membrane. 23894020 3 23 theme preparation 478:488 arg1 procedures 490:499 the neutral mild preparation procedures 461:499 the neutral mild preparation procedures 461:499 The composition, porous structure of the membrane, and the neutral mild preparation procedures make the CS/β-GP membrane a potentially active guide for bone regeneration. 23894020 1 24 with Chitosan 114:121 arg1 behavior 211:218 a thermosensitive sol-gel transition behavior 174:218 a thermosensitive sol-gel transition behavior 174:218 Chitosan and β-glycerol phosphate (CS/β-GP) composite, with a thermosensitive sol-gel transition behavior, has been tested as one of the viable materials for barrier membrane fabrication. 23894020 6 25 theme cells 931:935 arg1 proliferation 877:889 proliferation 877:889 proliferation 877:889 The proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of the cells were much higher on the CS/β-GP composite membrane as compared to the pure CS membrane (p < 0.05). 23894020 6 25 theme cells 931:935 arg1 differentiation 908:922 osteoblastic differentiation 895:922 osteoblastic differentiation 895:922 The proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of the cells were much higher on the CS/β-GP composite membrane as compared to the pure CS membrane (p < 0.05). 23894020 4 26 theme potential 691:699 arg1 utility 701:707 their potential utility 685:707 their potential utility 685:707 In this study, the CS/β-GP composite membrane, with different concentrations of β-GP, was studied to assess their potential utility in GBR application. 23894020 2 27 theme guided 358:363 arg1 design 398:403 a guided bone regeneration (GBR) membrane design 356:403 a guided bone regeneration (GBR) membrane design 356:403 These studies have provided us with a new concept for a guided bone regeneration (GBR) membrane design. 23894020 0 28 theme In 0:1 arg1 evaluation 21:30 In vitro and in vivo evaluation 0:30 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of chitosan/β-glycerol phosphate composite membrane for guided bone regeneration. 0:112 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of chitosan/β-glycerol phosphate composite membrane for guided bone regeneration. 23894020 1 29 theme materials 258:266 arg1 materials 258:266 the viable materials 247:266 the viable materials for barrier membrane fabrication 247:299 Chitosan and β-glycerol phosphate (CS/β-GP) composite, with a thermosensitive sol-gel transition behavior, has been tested as one of the viable materials for barrier membrane fabrication. 23894020 1 29 theme materials 258:266 arg1 Chitosan 114:121 Chitosan 114:121 Chitosan 114:121 Chitosan and β-glycerol phosphate (CS/β-GP) composite, with a thermosensitive sol-gel transition behavior, has been tested as one of the viable materials for barrier membrane fabrication. 23894020 1 29 theme materials 258:266 arg1 one 240:242 one 240:242 one 240:242 Chitosan and β-glycerol phosphate (CS/β-GP) composite, with a thermosensitive sol-gel transition behavior, has been tested as one of the viable materials for barrier membrane fabrication. 23894020 1 29 theme materials 258:266 arg1 composite 158:166 β-glycerol phosphate (CS/β-GP) composite 127:166 β-glycerol phosphate (CS/β-GP) composite 127:166 Chitosan and β-glycerol phosphate (CS/β-GP) composite, with a thermosensitive sol-gel transition behavior, has been tested as one of the viable materials for barrier membrane fabrication. 23894020 3 30 theme active 541:546 arg1 guide 548:552 a potentially active guide 527:552 a potentially active guide for bone regeneration 527:574 The composition, porous structure of the membrane, and the neutral mild preparation procedures make the CS/β-GP membrane a potentially active guide for bone regeneration. 23894020 1 31 theme thermosensitive 176:190 arg1 behavior 211:218 a thermosensitive sol-gel transition behavior 174:218 a thermosensitive sol-gel transition behavior 174:218 Chitosan and β-glycerol phosphate (CS/β-GP) composite, with a thermosensitive sol-gel transition behavior, has been tested as one of the viable materials for barrier membrane fabrication. 23894020 0 32 theme in 13:14 arg1 evaluation 21:30 In vitro and in vivo evaluation 0:30 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of chitosan/β-glycerol phosphate composite membrane for guided bone regeneration. 0:112 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of chitosan/β-glycerol phosphate composite membrane for guided bone regeneration. 23894020 8 33 theme in 1243:1244 arg1 bioactivities 1264:1276 the in vitro and in vivo bioactivities 1239:1276 the in vitro and in vivo bioactivities of the CS/β-GP composite membrane 1239:1310 This primary study indicated that the in vitro and in vivo bioactivities of the CS/β-GP composite membrane fulfilled the requirements for GBR technique. 23894020 7 34 dep 4 1181:1181 arg1 to 1178:1179 to 1178:1179 to 1178:1179 A mild inflammatory response was observed around the implanted CS/β-GP composite membrane without any foreign body reaction that continued up to 4 weeks of postsurgery. 23894020 1 35 theme sol-gel 192:198 arg1 behavior 211:218 a thermosensitive sol-gel transition behavior 174:218 a thermosensitive sol-gel transition behavior 174:218 Chitosan and β-glycerol phosphate (CS/β-GP) composite, with a thermosensitive sol-gel transition behavior, has been tested as one of the viable materials for barrier membrane fabrication. 23894020 5 36 theme line 776:779 arg1 better 819:824 better 819:824 better 819:824 The initial attachment of the ST2 stromal cell line to the CS/β-GP composite membrane was better than their attachment to the pure CS membrane. 23894020 5 36 theme line 776:779 arg1 attachment 741:750 The initial attachment 729:750 The initial attachment of the ST2 stromal cell line to the CS/β-GP composite membrane 729:813 The initial attachment of the ST2 stromal cell line to the CS/β-GP composite membrane was better than their attachment to the pure CS membrane. 23894020 1 37 theme barrier 272:278 arg1 fabrication 289:299 barrier membrane fabrication 272:299 barrier membrane fabrication 272:299 Chitosan and β-glycerol phosphate (CS/β-GP) composite, with a thermosensitive sol-gel transition behavior, has been tested as one of the viable materials for barrier membrane fabrication. 23894020 6 38 dep proliferation 877:889 arg1 The 873:875 The 873:875 The 873:875 The proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of the cells were much higher on the CS/β-GP composite membrane as compared to the pure CS membrane (p < 0.05). 23894020 4 39 theme β-GP 657:660 arg1 concentrations 639:652 different concentrations 629:652 different concentrations of β-GP 629:660 In this study, the CS/β-GP composite membrane, with different concentrations of β-GP, was studied to assess their potential utility in GBR application. 23894020 1 40 theme transition 200:209 arg1 behavior 211:218 a thermosensitive sol-gel transition behavior 174:218 a thermosensitive sol-gel transition behavior 174:218 Chitosan and β-glycerol phosphate (CS/β-GP) composite, with a thermosensitive sol-gel transition behavior, has been tested as one of the viable materials for barrier membrane fabrication. 23894020 5 41 theme initial 733:739 arg1 better 819:824 better 819:824 better 819:824 The initial attachment of the ST2 stromal cell line to the CS/β-GP composite membrane was better than their attachment to the pure CS membrane. 23894020 5 41 theme initial 733:739 arg1 attachment 741:750 The initial attachment 729:750 The initial attachment of the ST2 stromal cell line to the CS/β-GP composite membrane 729:813 The initial attachment of the ST2 stromal cell line to the CS/β-GP composite membrane was better than their attachment to the pure CS membrane. 23894020 1 42 theme membrane 280:287 arg1 fabrication 289:299 barrier membrane fabrication 272:299 barrier membrane fabrication 272:299 Chitosan and β-glycerol phosphate (CS/β-GP) composite, with a thermosensitive sol-gel transition behavior, has been tested as one of the viable materials for barrier membrane fabrication. 23894020 4 43 theme composite 604:612 arg1 membrane 614:621 the CS/β-GP composite membrane 592:621 the CS/β-GP composite membrane 592:621 In this study, the CS/β-GP composite membrane, with different concentrations of β-GP, was studied to assess their potential utility in GBR application. 23894020 3 44 theme bone 558:561 arg1 regeneration 563:574 bone regeneration 558:574 bone regeneration 558:574 The composition, porous structure of the membrane, and the neutral mild preparation procedures make the CS/β-GP membrane a potentially active guide for bone regeneration. 23894020 6 45 theme pure 1007:1010 arg1 p < 0.05 1025:1032 p < 0.05 1025:1032 p < 0.05 1025:1032 The proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of the cells were much higher on the CS/β-GP composite membrane as compared to the pure CS membrane (p < 0.05). 23894020 6 45 theme pure 1007:1010 arg1 membrane 1015:1022 the pure CS membrane 1003:1022 the pure CS membrane (p < 0.05) 1003:1033 The proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of the cells were much higher on the CS/β-GP composite membrane as compared to the pure CS membrane (p < 0.05). 23894020 2 46 theme GBR 384:386 arg1 design 398:403 a guided bone regeneration (GBR) membrane design 356:403 a guided bone regeneration (GBR) membrane design 356:403 These studies have provided us with a new concept for a guided bone regeneration (GBR) membrane design. 23894020 6 47 theme CS 1012:1013 arg1 p < 0.05 1025:1032 p < 0.05 1025:1032 p < 0.05 1025:1032 The proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of the cells were much higher on the CS/β-GP composite membrane as compared to the pure CS membrane (p < 0.05). 23894020 6 47 theme CS 1012:1013 arg1 membrane 1015:1022 the pure CS membrane 1003:1022 the pure CS membrane (p < 0.05) 1003:1033 The proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of the cells were much higher on the CS/β-GP composite membrane as compared to the pure CS membrane (p < 0.05). 23894020 6 48 theme osteoblastic 895:906 arg1 differentiation 908:922 osteoblastic differentiation 895:922 osteoblastic differentiation 895:922 The proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of the cells were much higher on the CS/β-GP composite membrane as compared to the pure CS membrane (p < 0.05). 23894020 7 49 theme implanted 1089:1097 arg1 membrane 1117:1124 the implanted CS/β-GP composite membrane 1085:1124 the implanted CS/β-GP composite membrane 1085:1124 A mild inflammatory response was observed around the implanted CS/β-GP composite membrane without any foreign body reaction that continued up to 4 weeks of postsurgery. 23894020 5 50 theme cell 771:774 arg1 line 776:779 the ST2 stromal cell line 755:779 the ST2 stromal cell line 755:779 The initial attachment of the ST2 stromal cell line to the CS/β-GP composite membrane was better than their attachment to the pure CS membrane. 23894020 5 51 theme composite 796:804 arg1 membrane 806:813 the CS/β-GP composite membrane 784:813 the CS/β-GP composite membrane 784:813 The initial attachment of the ST2 stromal cell line to the CS/β-GP composite membrane was better than their attachment to the pure CS membrane. 23894020 3 52 theme porous 423:428 arg1 structure 430:438 porous structure 423:438 porous structure of the membrane 423:454 The composition, porous structure of the membrane, and the neutral mild preparation procedures make the CS/β-GP membrane a potentially active guide for bone regeneration. 23894020 0 53 theme chitosan/β-glycerol 35:53 arg1 membrane 75:82 chitosan/β-glycerol phosphate composite membrane 35:82 chitosan/β-glycerol phosphate composite membrane 35:82 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of chitosan/β-glycerol phosphate composite membrane for guided bone regeneration. 23894020 7 54 theme body 1146:1149 arg1 reaction 1151:1158 any foreign body reaction 1134:1158 any foreign body reaction that continued up to 4 weeks of postsurgery 1134:1202 A mild inflammatory response was observed around the implanted CS/β-GP composite membrane without any foreign body reaction that continued up to 4 weeks of postsurgery. 23894020 8 55 theme membrane 1303:1310 arg1 bioactivities 1264:1276 the in vitro and in vivo bioactivities 1239:1276 the in vitro and in vivo bioactivities of the CS/β-GP composite membrane 1239:1310 This primary study indicated that the in vitro and in vivo bioactivities of the CS/β-GP composite membrane fulfilled the requirements for GBR technique. 23894020 4 56 with membrane 614:621 arg1 concentrations 639:652 different concentrations 629:652 different concentrations of β-GP 629:660 In this study, the CS/β-GP composite membrane, with different concentrations of β-GP, was studied to assess their potential utility in GBR application. 23894020 8 57 theme composite 1293:1301 arg1 membrane 1303:1310 the CS/β-GP composite membrane 1281:1310 the CS/β-GP composite membrane 1281:1310 This primary study indicated that the in vitro and in vivo bioactivities of the CS/β-GP composite membrane fulfilled the requirements for GBR technique. 23894020 5 58 theme pure 855:858 arg1 membrane 863:870 the pure CS membrane 851:870 the pure CS membrane 851:870 The initial attachment of the ST2 stromal cell line to the CS/β-GP composite membrane was better than their attachment to the pure CS membrane. 23894020 8 59 theme GBR 1343:1345 arg1 technique 1347:1355 GBR technique 1343:1355 GBR technique 1343:1355 This primary study indicated that the in vitro and in vivo bioactivities of the CS/β-GP composite membrane fulfilled the requirements for GBR technique. 23894020 5 60 theme CS 860:861 arg1 membrane 863:870 the pure CS membrane 851:870 the pure CS membrane 851:870 The initial attachment of the ST2 stromal cell line to the CS/β-GP composite membrane was better than their attachment to the pure CS membrane. 23894020 7 61 theme CS/β-GP 1099:1105 arg1 membrane 1117:1124 the implanted CS/β-GP composite membrane 1085:1124 the implanted CS/β-GP composite membrane 1085:1124 A mild inflammatory response was observed around the implanted CS/β-GP composite membrane without any foreign body reaction that continued up to 4 weeks of postsurgery. 23894020 8 62 dep in 1243:1244 arg1 vitro 1246:1250 vitro 1246:1250 vitro 1246:1250 This primary study indicated that the in vitro and in vivo bioactivities of the CS/β-GP composite membrane fulfilled the requirements for GBR technique. 23894020 0 63 dep in 13:14 arg1 vivo 16:19 vivo 16:19 vivo 16:19 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of chitosan/β-glycerol phosphate composite membrane for guided bone regeneration. 23894020 7 64 theme postsurgery 1192:1202 arg1 weeks 1183:1187 up to 4 weeks 1175:1187 up to 4 weeks of postsurgery 1175:1202 A mild inflammatory response was observed around the implanted CS/β-GP composite membrane without any foreign body reaction that continued up to 4 weeks of postsurgery. 23894020 1 65 theme β-glycerol 127:136 arg1 Chitosan 114:121 Chitosan 114:121 Chitosan 114:121 Chitosan and β-glycerol phosphate (CS/β-GP) composite, with a thermosensitive sol-gel transition behavior, has been tested as one of the viable materials for barrier membrane fabrication. 23894020 1 65 theme β-glycerol 127:136 arg1 materials 258:266 the viable materials 247:266 the viable materials for barrier membrane fabrication 247:299 Chitosan and β-glycerol phosphate (CS/β-GP) composite, with a thermosensitive sol-gel transition behavior, has been tested as one of the viable materials for barrier membrane fabrication. 23894020 1 65 theme β-glycerol 127:136 arg1 one 240:242 one 240:242 one 240:242 Chitosan and β-glycerol phosphate (CS/β-GP) composite, with a thermosensitive sol-gel transition behavior, has been tested as one of the viable materials for barrier membrane fabrication. 23894020 1 65 theme β-glycerol 127:136 arg1 composite 158:166 β-glycerol phosphate (CS/β-GP) composite 127:166 β-glycerol phosphate (CS/β-GP) composite 127:166 Chitosan and β-glycerol phosphate (CS/β-GP) composite, with a thermosensitive sol-gel transition behavior, has been tested as one of the viable materials for barrier membrane fabrication. 23894020 8 66 theme primary 1210:1216 arg1 study 1218:1222 This primary study 1205:1222 This primary study 1205:1222 This primary study indicated that the in vitro and in vivo bioactivities of the CS/β-GP composite membrane fulfilled the requirements for GBR technique. 23894020 1 67 theme phosphate 138:146 arg1 Chitosan 114:121 Chitosan 114:121 Chitosan 114:121 Chitosan and β-glycerol phosphate (CS/β-GP) composite, with a thermosensitive sol-gel transition behavior, has been tested as one of the viable materials for barrier membrane fabrication. 23894020 1 67 theme phosphate 138:146 arg1 materials 258:266 the viable materials 247:266 the viable materials for barrier membrane fabrication 247:299 Chitosan and β-glycerol phosphate (CS/β-GP) composite, with a thermosensitive sol-gel transition behavior, has been tested as one of the viable materials for barrier membrane fabrication. 23894020 1 67 theme phosphate 138:146 arg1 one 240:242 one 240:242 one 240:242 Chitosan and β-glycerol phosphate (CS/β-GP) composite, with a thermosensitive sol-gel transition behavior, has been tested as one of the viable materials for barrier membrane fabrication. 23894020 1 67 theme phosphate 138:146 arg1 composite 158:166 β-glycerol phosphate (CS/β-GP) composite 127:166 β-glycerol phosphate (CS/β-GP) composite 127:166 Chitosan and β-glycerol phosphate (CS/β-GP) composite, with a thermosensitive sol-gel transition behavior, has been tested as one of the viable materials for barrier membrane fabrication. 23894020 6 68 theme composite 969:977 arg1 membrane 979:986 the CS/β-GP composite membrane 957:986 the CS/β-GP composite membrane 957:986 The proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of the cells were much higher on the CS/β-GP composite membrane as compared to the pure CS membrane (p < 0.05). 23894020 0 69 theme composite 65:73 arg1 membrane 75:82 chitosan/β-glycerol phosphate composite membrane 35:82 chitosan/β-glycerol phosphate composite membrane 35:82 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of chitosan/β-glycerol phosphate composite membrane for guided bone regeneration. 23894020 4 70 theme CS/β-GP 596:602 arg1 membrane 614:621 the CS/β-GP composite membrane 592:621 the CS/β-GP composite membrane 592:621 In this study, the CS/β-GP composite membrane, with different concentrations of β-GP, was studied to assess their potential utility in GBR application. 23894020 2 71 theme membrane 389:396 arg1 design 398:403 a guided bone regeneration (GBR) membrane design 356:403 a guided bone regeneration (GBR) membrane design 356:403 These studies have provided us with a new concept for a guided bone regeneration (GBR) membrane design. 23894020 3 72 theme mild 473:476 arg1 procedures 490:499 the neutral mild preparation procedures 461:499 the neutral mild preparation procedures 461:499 The composition, porous structure of the membrane, and the neutral mild preparation procedures make the CS/β-GP membrane a potentially active guide for bone regeneration. 23894020 3 73 theme membrane 447:454 arg1 procedures 490:499 the neutral mild preparation procedures 461:499 the neutral mild preparation procedures 461:499 The composition, porous structure of the membrane, and the neutral mild preparation procedures make the CS/β-GP membrane a potentially active guide for bone regeneration. 23894020 3 73 theme membrane 447:454 arg1 composition 410:420 The composition 406:420 The composition 406:420 The composition, porous structure of the membrane, and the neutral mild preparation procedures make the CS/β-GP membrane a potentially active guide for bone regeneration. 23894020 3 73 theme membrane 447:454 arg1 structure 430:438 porous structure 423:438 porous structure of the membrane 423:454 The composition, porous structure of the membrane, and the neutral mild preparation procedures make the CS/β-GP membrane a potentially active guide for bone regeneration. 23894020 6 74 theme CS/β-GP 961:967 arg1 membrane 979:986 the CS/β-GP composite membrane 957:986 the CS/β-GP composite membrane 957:986 The proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of the cells were much higher on the CS/β-GP composite membrane as compared to the pure CS membrane (p < 0.05). 23894020 0 75 theme phosphate 55:63 arg1 membrane 75:82 chitosan/β-glycerol phosphate composite membrane 35:82 chitosan/β-glycerol phosphate composite membrane 35:82 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of chitosan/β-glycerol phosphate composite membrane for guided bone regeneration. 23894020 0 76 dep In 0:1 arg1 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of chitosan/β-glycerol phosphate composite membrane for guided bone regeneration. 23894020 1 77 theme CS/β-GP 149:155 arg1 Chitosan 114:121 Chitosan 114:121 Chitosan 114:121 Chitosan and β-glycerol phosphate (CS/β-GP) composite, with a thermosensitive sol-gel transition behavior, has been tested as one of the viable materials for barrier membrane fabrication. 23894020 1 77 theme CS/β-GP 149:155 arg1 materials 258:266 the viable materials 247:266 the viable materials for barrier membrane fabrication 247:299 Chitosan and β-glycerol phosphate (CS/β-GP) composite, with a thermosensitive sol-gel transition behavior, has been tested as one of the viable materials for barrier membrane fabrication. 23894020 1 77 theme CS/β-GP 149:155 arg1 one 240:242 one 240:242 one 240:242 Chitosan and β-glycerol phosphate (CS/β-GP) composite, with a thermosensitive sol-gel transition behavior, has been tested as one of the viable materials for barrier membrane fabrication. 23894020 1 77 theme CS/β-GP 149:155 arg1 composite 158:166 β-glycerol phosphate (CS/β-GP) composite 127:166 β-glycerol phosphate (CS/β-GP) composite 127:166 Chitosan and β-glycerol phosphate (CS/β-GP) composite, with a thermosensitive sol-gel transition behavior, has been tested as one of the viable materials for barrier membrane fabrication. 26033211 3 0 theme adsorption 936:945 arg1 amount 920:925 the amount 916:925 the amount of β-glu adsorption 916:945 Data for the adsorption of long-chain glucans to these materials from concentrated aqueous HCl (37 wt %) solution demonstrate a direct relationship between the amount of β-glu adsorption and the magnitude of exposed carbon mesopore surface area, which systematically increases and is also accompanied by an increase in the mesopore size during silica etching. 26033211 3 0 theme adsorption 936:945 arg1 adsorption 936:945 β-glu adsorption 930:945 β-glu adsorption 930:945 Data for the adsorption of long-chain glucans to these materials from concentrated aqueous HCl (37 wt %) solution demonstrate a direct relationship between the amount of β-glu adsorption and the magnitude of exposed carbon mesopore surface area, which systematically increases and is also accompanied by an increase in the mesopore size during silica etching. 26033211 3 0 theme adsorption 936:945 arg1 magnitude 955:963 the magnitude 951:963 the magnitude of exposed carbon mesopore surface area, which systematically increases and is also accompanied by an increase in the mesopore size during silica etching 951:1117 Data for the adsorption of long-chain glucans to these materials from concentrated aqueous HCl (37 wt %) solution demonstrate a direct relationship between the amount of β-glu adsorption and the magnitude of exposed carbon mesopore surface area, which systematically increases and is also accompanied by an increase in the mesopore size during silica etching. 26033211 3 0 theme adsorption 936:945 arg1 area 1000:1003 exposed carbon mesopore surface area 968:1003 exposed carbon mesopore surface area 968:1003 Data for the adsorption of long-chain glucans to these materials from concentrated aqueous HCl (37 wt %) solution demonstrate a direct relationship between the amount of β-glu adsorption and the magnitude of exposed carbon mesopore surface area, which systematically increases and is also accompanied by an increase in the mesopore size during silica etching. 26033211 2 1 theme HF 756:757 arg1 solution 729:736 an aqueous ethanolic solution 708:736 an aqueous ethanolic solution of either NaOH or HF 708:757 The materials synthesized as part of this etching study consist of an as-synthesized composite material (MCN-MSN), MCN-MSN-0.5 (composite materials consisting of 50% carbon by mass), MCN-MSN-0.3 (composite materials consisting of 70% carbon by mass), and MCN, in which silica etching was conducted using an aqueous ethanolic solution of either NaOH or HF. 26033211 5 2 theme graphene 1373:1380 arg1 bilayer 1382:1388 a graphene bilayer 1371:1388 a graphene bilayer separated by a distance of 3.2 nm, chosen to correspond to the carbon mesopore diameter of the experimental system 1371:1503 These experimental data on adsorption were corroborated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of β-glu adsorption to a graphene bilayer separated by a distance of 3.2 nm, chosen to correspond to the carbon mesopore diameter of the experimental system. 26033211 7 3 theme modified 1983:1990 arg1 silica 1992:1997 hydrophobically modified silica 1967:1997 hydrophobically modified silica 1967:1997 Solvent-mediated effects such as small-scale hydrophobicity and preferential interactions with ions are shown to play important roles in modulating glucan adsorption to carbon surfaces, whereas experimental data on hydrophobically modified silica demonstrate that hydrophobicity in and of itself is insufficient to cause β-glu adsorption from concentrated aqueous HCl solution. 26033211 7 4 from data 1959:1962 arg1 silica 1992:1997 hydrophobically modified silica 1967:1997 hydrophobically modified silica 1967:1997 Solvent-mediated effects such as small-scale hydrophobicity and preferential interactions with ions are shown to play important roles in modulating glucan adsorption to carbon surfaces, whereas experimental data on hydrophobically modified silica demonstrate that hydrophobicity in and of itself is insufficient to cause β-glu adsorption from concentrated aqueous HCl solution. 26033211 2 5 theme composite 600:608 arg1 materials 610:618 composite materials 600:618 composite materials consisting of 70% carbon by mass 600:651 The materials synthesized as part of this etching study consist of an as-synthesized composite material (MCN-MSN), MCN-MSN-0.5 (composite materials consisting of 50% carbon by mass), MCN-MSN-0.3 (composite materials consisting of 70% carbon by mass), and MCN, in which silica etching was conducted using an aqueous ethanolic solution of either NaOH or HF. 26033211 5 6 theme system 1498:1503 arg1 diameter 1469:1476 the carbon mesopore diameter 1449:1476 the carbon mesopore diameter of the experimental system 1449:1503 These experimental data on adsorption were corroborated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of β-glu adsorption to a graphene bilayer separated by a distance of 3.2 nm, chosen to correspond to the carbon mesopore diameter of the experimental system. 26033211 1 7 theme -β-D-glucans 147:158 arg1 adsorption 111:120 the adsorption 107:120 the adsorption of long-chain poly(1 → 4)-β-D-glucans on carbon surfaces as well as interactions responsible for this adsorption 107:233 To better understand the adsorption of long-chain poly(1 → 4)-β-D-glucans on carbon surfaces as well as interactions responsible for this adsorption, we use a comparative study involving mesoporous carbon-silica composite materials that have been etched to varying degrees and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. 26033211 2 8 dep MCN-MSN-0.3 587:597 arg1 materials 610:618 composite materials 600:618 composite materials consisting of 70% carbon by mass 600:651 The materials synthesized as part of this etching study consist of an as-synthesized composite material (MCN-MSN), MCN-MSN-0.5 (composite materials consisting of 50% carbon by mass), MCN-MSN-0.3 (composite materials consisting of 70% carbon by mass), and MCN, in which silica etching was conducted using an aqueous ethanolic solution of either NaOH or HF. 26033211 7 9 with interactions 1829:1840 arg1 ions 1847:1850 ions 1847:1850 ions 1847:1850 Solvent-mediated effects such as small-scale hydrophobicity and preferential interactions with ions are shown to play important roles in modulating glucan adsorption to carbon surfaces, whereas experimental data on hydrophobically modified silica demonstrate that hydrophobicity in and of itself is insufficient to cause β-glu adsorption from concentrated aqueous HCl solution. 26033211 5 10 theme β-glu 1351:1355 arg1 adsorption 1357:1366 β-glu adsorption 1351:1366 β-glu adsorption to a graphene bilayer separated by a distance of 3.2 nm, chosen to correspond to the carbon mesopore diameter of the experimental system 1351:1503 These experimental data on adsorption were corroborated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of β-glu adsorption to a graphene bilayer separated by a distance of 3.2 nm, chosen to correspond to the carbon mesopore diameter of the experimental system. 26033211 1 11 theme carbon 163:168 arg1 surfaces 170:177 carbon surfaces 163:177 carbon surfaces 163:177 To better understand the adsorption of long-chain poly(1 → 4)-β-D-glucans on carbon surfaces as well as interactions responsible for this adsorption, we use a comparative study involving mesoporous carbon-silica composite materials that have been etched to varying degrees and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. 26033211 7 12 theme experimental 1946:1957 arg1 data 1959:1962 experimental data 1946:1962 experimental data on hydrophobically modified silica 1946:1997 Solvent-mediated effects such as small-scale hydrophobicity and preferential interactions with ions are shown to play important roles in modulating glucan adsorption to carbon surfaces, whereas experimental data on hydrophobically modified silica demonstrate that hydrophobicity in and of itself is insufficient to cause β-glu adsorption from concentrated aqueous HCl solution. 26033211 2 13 theme ethanolic 719:727 arg1 solution 729:736 an aqueous ethanolic solution 708:736 an aqueous ethanolic solution of either NaOH or HF 708:757 The materials synthesized as part of this etching study consist of an as-synthesized composite material (MCN-MSN), MCN-MSN-0.5 (composite materials consisting of 50% carbon by mass), MCN-MSN-0.3 (composite materials consisting of 70% carbon by mass), and MCN, in which silica etching was conducted using an aqueous ethanolic solution of either NaOH or HF. 26033211 7 14 theme HCl 2116:2118 arg1 solution 2120:2127 concentrated aqueous HCl solution 2095:2127 concentrated aqueous HCl solution 2095:2127 Solvent-mediated effects such as small-scale hydrophobicity and preferential interactions with ions are shown to play important roles in modulating glucan adsorption to carbon surfaces, whereas experimental data on hydrophobically modified silica demonstrate that hydrophobicity in and of itself is insufficient to cause β-glu adsorption from concentrated aqueous HCl solution. 26033211 1 15 theme all-atom 363:370 arg1 simulations 391:401 all-atom molecular dynamics simulations 363:401 all-atom molecular dynamics simulations 363:401 To better understand the adsorption of long-chain poly(1 → 4)-β-D-glucans on carbon surfaces as well as interactions responsible for this adsorption, we use a comparative study involving mesoporous carbon-silica composite materials that have been etched to varying degrees and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. 26033211 7 16 theme concentrated 2095:2106 arg1 solution 2120:2127 concentrated aqueous HCl solution 2095:2127 concentrated aqueous HCl solution 2095:2127 Solvent-mediated effects such as small-scale hydrophobicity and preferential interactions with ions are shown to play important roles in modulating glucan adsorption to carbon surfaces, whereas experimental data on hydrophobically modified silica demonstrate that hydrophobicity in and of itself is insufficient to cause β-glu adsorption from concentrated aqueous HCl solution. 26033211 1 17 theme dynamics 382:389 arg1 simulations 391:401 all-atom molecular dynamics simulations 363:401 all-atom molecular dynamics simulations 363:401 To better understand the adsorption of long-chain poly(1 → 4)-β-D-glucans on carbon surfaces as well as interactions responsible for this adsorption, we use a comparative study involving mesoporous carbon-silica composite materials that have been etched to varying degrees and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. 26033211 7 18 theme carbon 1921:1926 arg1 surfaces 1928:1935 carbon surfaces 1921:1935 carbon surfaces 1921:1935 Solvent-mediated effects such as small-scale hydrophobicity and preferential interactions with ions are shown to play important roles in modulating glucan adsorption to carbon surfaces, whereas experimental data on hydrophobically modified silica demonstrate that hydrophobicity in and of itself is insufficient to cause β-glu adsorption from concentrated aqueous HCl solution. 26033211 2 19 theme % 568:568 arg1 carbon 570:575 50% carbon 566:575 50% carbon by mass 566:583 The materials synthesized as part of this etching study consist of an as-synthesized composite material (MCN-MSN), MCN-MSN-0.5 (composite materials consisting of 50% carbon by mass), MCN-MSN-0.3 (composite materials consisting of 70% carbon by mass), and MCN, in which silica etching was conducted using an aqueous ethanolic solution of either NaOH or HF. 26033211 6 20 theme β-glu 1604:1608 arg1 strand 1610:1615 a β-glu strand 1602:1615 a β-glu strand 1602:1615 Simulation results using a variety of β-glu solvent systems demonstrate the rapid adsorption of a β-glu strand on the graphitic carbon surface via axial coupling and are consistent with experimentally observed trends in fast adsorption kinetics. 26033211 6 21 theme Simulation 1506:1515 arg1 results 1517:1523 Simulation results 1506:1523 Simulation results using a variety of β-glu solvent systems 1506:1564 Simulation results using a variety of β-glu solvent systems demonstrate the rapid adsorption of a β-glu strand on the graphitic carbon surface via axial coupling and are consistent with experimentally observed trends in fast adsorption kinetics. 26033211 4 22 theme β-glu 1138:1142 arg1 adsorption 1144:1153 β-glu adsorption 1138:1153 β-glu adsorption 1138:1153 This demonstrates β-glu adsorption as occurring on internal carbon mesopores rather than exclusively on the external carbon surface. 26033211 1 23 theme poly 136:139 arg1 -β-D-glucans 147:158 long-chain poly(1 → 4)-β-D-glucans 125:158 long-chain poly(1 → 4)-β-D-glucans 125:158 To better understand the adsorption of long-chain poly(1 → 4)-β-D-glucans on carbon surfaces as well as interactions responsible for this adsorption, we use a comparative study involving mesoporous carbon-silica composite materials that have been etched to varying degrees and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. 26033211 6 24 theme rapid 1582:1586 arg1 adsorption 1588:1597 the rapid adsorption 1578:1597 the rapid adsorption of a β-glu strand on the graphitic carbon surface 1578:1647 Simulation results using a variety of β-glu solvent systems demonstrate the rapid adsorption of a β-glu strand on the graphitic carbon surface via axial coupling and are consistent with experimentally observed trends in fast adsorption kinetics. 26033211 0 25 theme Mesoporous 57:66 arg1 Materials 75:83 Mesoporous Carbon Materials 57:83 Mesoporous Carbon Materials 57:83 Importance of Internal Porosity for Glucan Adsorption in Mesoporous Carbon Materials. 26033211 3 26 from increase 1067:1074 arg1 size 1092:1095 the mesopore size 1079:1095 the mesopore size during silica etching 1079:1117 Data for the adsorption of long-chain glucans to these materials from concentrated aqueous HCl (37 wt %) solution demonstrate a direct relationship between the amount of β-glu adsorption and the magnitude of exposed carbon mesopore surface area, which systematically increases and is also accompanied by an increase in the mesopore size during silica etching. 26033211 2 27 theme as-synthesized 474:487 arg1 MCN-MSN 509:515 MCN-MSN 509:515 MCN-MSN 509:515 The materials synthesized as part of this etching study consist of an as-synthesized composite material (MCN-MSN), MCN-MSN-0.5 (composite materials consisting of 50% carbon by mass), MCN-MSN-0.3 (composite materials consisting of 70% carbon by mass), and MCN, in which silica etching was conducted using an aqueous ethanolic solution of either NaOH or HF. 26033211 2 27 theme as-synthesized 474:487 arg1 MCN-MSN-0.5 519:529 MCN-MSN-0.5 519:529 MCN-MSN-0.5 519:529 The materials synthesized as part of this etching study consist of an as-synthesized composite material (MCN-MSN), MCN-MSN-0.5 (composite materials consisting of 50% carbon by mass), MCN-MSN-0.3 (composite materials consisting of 70% carbon by mass), and MCN, in which silica etching was conducted using an aqueous ethanolic solution of either NaOH or HF. 26033211 2 27 theme as-synthesized 474:487 arg1 material 499:506 an as-synthesized composite material 471:506 an as-synthesized composite material (MCN-MSN) 471:516 The materials synthesized as part of this etching study consist of an as-synthesized composite material (MCN-MSN), MCN-MSN-0.5 (composite materials consisting of 50% carbon by mass), MCN-MSN-0.3 (composite materials consisting of 70% carbon by mass), and MCN, in which silica etching was conducted using an aqueous ethanolic solution of either NaOH or HF. 26033211 2 27 theme as-synthesized 474:487 arg1 MCN 659:661 MCN 659:661 MCN 659:661 The materials synthesized as part of this etching study consist of an as-synthesized composite material (MCN-MSN), MCN-MSN-0.5 (composite materials consisting of 50% carbon by mass), MCN-MSN-0.3 (composite materials consisting of 70% carbon by mass), and MCN, in which silica etching was conducted using an aqueous ethanolic solution of either NaOH or HF. 26033211 2 27 theme as-synthesized 474:487 arg1 MCN-MSN-0.3 587:597 MCN-MSN-0.3 587:597 MCN-MSN-0.3 587:597 The materials synthesized as part of this etching study consist of an as-synthesized composite material (MCN-MSN), MCN-MSN-0.5 (composite materials consisting of 50% carbon by mass), MCN-MSN-0.3 (composite materials consisting of 70% carbon by mass), and MCN, in which silica etching was conducted using an aqueous ethanolic solution of either NaOH or HF. 26033211 3 28 theme surface 992:998 arg1 area 1000:1003 exposed carbon mesopore surface area 968:1003 exposed carbon mesopore surface area 968:1003 Data for the adsorption of long-chain glucans to these materials from concentrated aqueous HCl (37 wt %) solution demonstrate a direct relationship between the amount of β-glu adsorption and the magnitude of exposed carbon mesopore surface area, which systematically increases and is also accompanied by an increase in the mesopore size during silica etching. 26033211 3 29 theme glucans 798:804 arg1 adsorption 773:782 the adsorption 769:782 the adsorption of long-chain glucans to these materials 769:823 Data for the adsorption of long-chain glucans to these materials from concentrated aqueous HCl (37 wt %) solution demonstrate a direct relationship between the amount of β-glu adsorption and the magnitude of exposed carbon mesopore surface area, which systematically increases and is also accompanied by an increase in the mesopore size during silica etching. 26033211 6 30 theme axial 1653:1657 arg1 coupling 1659:1666 axial coupling 1653:1666 axial coupling 1653:1666 Simulation results using a variety of β-glu solvent systems demonstrate the rapid adsorption of a β-glu strand on the graphitic carbon surface via axial coupling and are consistent with experimentally observed trends in fast adsorption kinetics. 26033211 5 31 theme nm 1421:1422 arg1 distance 1405:1412 a distance 1403:1412 a distance of 3.2 nm, chosen to correspond to the carbon mesopore diameter of the experimental system 1403:1503 These experimental data on adsorption were corroborated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of β-glu adsorption to a graphene bilayer separated by a distance of 3.2 nm, chosen to correspond to the carbon mesopore diameter of the experimental system. 26033211 3 32 theme carbon 976:981 arg1 area 1000:1003 exposed carbon mesopore surface area 968:1003 exposed carbon mesopore surface area 968:1003 Data for the adsorption of long-chain glucans to these materials from concentrated aqueous HCl (37 wt %) solution demonstrate a direct relationship between the amount of β-glu adsorption and the magnitude of exposed carbon mesopore surface area, which systematically increases and is also accompanied by an increase in the mesopore size during silica etching. 26033211 6 33 theme systems 1558:1564 arg1 systems 1558:1564 β-glu solvent systems 1544:1564 β-glu solvent systems 1544:1564 Simulation results using a variety of β-glu solvent systems demonstrate the rapid adsorption of a β-glu strand on the graphitic carbon surface via axial coupling and are consistent with experimentally observed trends in fast adsorption kinetics. 26033211 6 33 theme systems 1558:1564 arg1 variety 1533:1539 a variety 1531:1539 a variety of β-glu solvent systems 1531:1564 Simulation results using a variety of β-glu solvent systems demonstrate the rapid adsorption of a β-glu strand on the graphitic carbon surface via axial coupling and are consistent with experimentally observed trends in fast adsorption kinetics. 26033211 3 34 theme aqueous 843:849 arg1 solution 865:872 concentrated aqueous HCl (37 wt %) solution 830:872 concentrated aqueous HCl (37 wt %) solution 830:872 Data for the adsorption of long-chain glucans to these materials from concentrated aqueous HCl (37 wt %) solution demonstrate a direct relationship between the amount of β-glu adsorption and the magnitude of exposed carbon mesopore surface area, which systematically increases and is also accompanied by an increase in the mesopore size during silica etching. 26033211 0 35 from Adsorption 43:52 arg1 Materials 75:83 Mesoporous Carbon Materials 57:83 Mesoporous Carbon Materials 57:83 Importance of Internal Porosity for Glucan Adsorption in Mesoporous Carbon Materials. 26033211 6 36 theme β-glu 1544:1548 arg1 systems 1558:1564 β-glu solvent systems 1544:1564 β-glu solvent systems 1544:1564 Simulation results using a variety of β-glu solvent systems demonstrate the rapid adsorption of a β-glu strand on the graphitic carbon surface via axial coupling and are consistent with experimentally observed trends in fast adsorption kinetics. 26033211 6 37 theme graphitic 1624:1632 arg1 surface 1641:1647 the graphitic carbon surface 1620:1647 the graphitic carbon surface 1620:1647 Simulation results using a variety of β-glu solvent systems demonstrate the rapid adsorption of a β-glu strand on the graphitic carbon surface via axial coupling and are consistent with experimentally observed trends in fast adsorption kinetics. 26033211 7 38 theme important 1870:1878 arg1 roles 1880:1884 important roles 1870:1884 important roles 1870:1884 Solvent-mediated effects such as small-scale hydrophobicity and preferential interactions with ions are shown to play important roles in modulating glucan adsorption to carbon surfaces, whereas experimental data on hydrophobically modified silica demonstrate that hydrophobicity in and of itself is insufficient to cause β-glu adsorption from concentrated aqueous HCl solution. 26033211 1 39 from adsorption 111:120 arg1 interactions 190:201 interactions 190:201 interactions responsible for this adsorption 190:233 To better understand the adsorption of long-chain poly(1 → 4)-β-D-glucans on carbon surfaces as well as interactions responsible for this adsorption, we use a comparative study involving mesoporous carbon-silica composite materials that have been etched to varying degrees and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. 26033211 1 39 from adsorption 111:120 arg1 surfaces 170:177 carbon surfaces 163:177 carbon surfaces 163:177 To better understand the adsorption of long-chain poly(1 → 4)-β-D-glucans on carbon surfaces as well as interactions responsible for this adsorption, we use a comparative study involving mesoporous carbon-silica composite materials that have been etched to varying degrees and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. 26033211 3 40 theme wt 859:860 arg1 HCl 851:853 HCl 851:853 concentrated aqueous HCl (37 wt %) solution 830:872 Data for the adsorption of long-chain glucans to these materials from concentrated aqueous HCl (37 wt %) solution demonstrate a direct relationship between the amount of β-glu adsorption and the magnitude of exposed carbon mesopore surface area, which systematically increases and is also accompanied by an increase in the mesopore size during silica etching. 26033211 3 40 theme wt 859:860 arg1 % 862:862 37 wt % 856:862 37 wt % 856:862 Data for the adsorption of long-chain glucans to these materials from concentrated aqueous HCl (37 wt %) solution demonstrate a direct relationship between the amount of β-glu adsorption and the magnitude of exposed carbon mesopore surface area, which systematically increases and is also accompanied by an increase in the mesopore size during silica etching. 26033211 6 41 theme fast 1726:1729 arg1 kinetics 1742:1749 fast adsorption kinetics 1726:1749 fast adsorption kinetics 1726:1749 Simulation results using a variety of β-glu solvent systems demonstrate the rapid adsorption of a β-glu strand on the graphitic carbon surface via axial coupling and are consistent with experimentally observed trends in fast adsorption kinetics. 26033211 2 42 theme % 636:636 arg1 carbon 638:643 70% carbon 634:643 70% carbon by mass 634:651 The materials synthesized as part of this etching study consist of an as-synthesized composite material (MCN-MSN), MCN-MSN-0.5 (composite materials consisting of 50% carbon by mass), MCN-MSN-0.3 (composite materials consisting of 70% carbon by mass), and MCN, in which silica etching was conducted using an aqueous ethanolic solution of either NaOH or HF. 26033211 0 43 theme Internal 14:21 arg1 Porosity 23:30 Internal Porosity 14:30 Internal Porosity 14:30 Importance of Internal Porosity for Glucan Adsorption in Mesoporous Carbon Materials. 26033211 3 44 from solution 865:872 arg1 Data 760:763 Data 760:763 Data for the adsorption of long-chain glucans to these materials from concentrated aqueous HCl (37 wt %) solution 760:872 Data for the adsorption of long-chain glucans to these materials from concentrated aqueous HCl (37 wt %) solution demonstrate a direct relationship between the amount of β-glu adsorption and the magnitude of exposed carbon mesopore surface area, which systematically increases and is also accompanied by an increase in the mesopore size during silica etching. 26033211 6 45 from adsorption 1588:1597 arg1 surface 1641:1647 the graphitic carbon surface 1620:1647 the graphitic carbon surface 1620:1647 Simulation results using a variety of β-glu solvent systems demonstrate the rapid adsorption of a β-glu strand on the graphitic carbon surface via axial coupling and are consistent with experimentally observed trends in fast adsorption kinetics. 26033211 5 46 theme mesopore 1460:1467 arg1 diameter 1469:1476 the carbon mesopore diameter 1449:1476 the carbon mesopore diameter of the experimental system 1449:1503 These experimental data on adsorption were corroborated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of β-glu adsorption to a graphene bilayer separated by a distance of 3.2 nm, chosen to correspond to the carbon mesopore diameter of the experimental system. 26033211 1 47 theme mesoporous 273:282 arg1 materials 308:316 mesoporous carbon-silica composite materials 273:316 mesoporous carbon-silica composite materials that have been etched to varying degrees and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations 273:401 To better understand the adsorption of long-chain poly(1 → 4)-β-D-glucans on carbon surfaces as well as interactions responsible for this adsorption, we use a comparative study involving mesoporous carbon-silica composite materials that have been etched to varying degrees and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. 26033211 7 48 theme small-scale 1785:1795 arg1 hydrophobicity 1797:1810 small-scale hydrophobicity 1785:1810 small-scale hydrophobicity 1785:1810 Solvent-mediated effects such as small-scale hydrophobicity and preferential interactions with ions are shown to play important roles in modulating glucan adsorption to carbon surfaces, whereas experimental data on hydrophobically modified silica demonstrate that hydrophobicity in and of itself is insufficient to cause β-glu adsorption from concentrated aqueous HCl solution. 26033211 2 49 theme study 454:458 arg1 part 433:436 part 433:436 part of this etching study 433:458 The materials synthesized as part of this etching study consist of an as-synthesized composite material (MCN-MSN), MCN-MSN-0.5 (composite materials consisting of 50% carbon by mass), MCN-MSN-0.3 (composite materials consisting of 70% carbon by mass), and MCN, in which silica etching was conducted using an aqueous ethanolic solution of either NaOH or HF. 26033211 1 50 theme composite 298:306 arg1 materials 308:316 mesoporous carbon-silica composite materials 273:316 mesoporous carbon-silica composite materials that have been etched to varying degrees and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations 273:401 To better understand the adsorption of long-chain poly(1 → 4)-β-D-glucans on carbon surfaces as well as interactions responsible for this adsorption, we use a comparative study involving mesoporous carbon-silica composite materials that have been etched to varying degrees and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. 26033211 4 51 theme carbon 1180:1185 arg1 mesopores 1187:1195 internal carbon mesopores 1171:1195 internal carbon mesopores 1171:1195 This demonstrates β-glu adsorption as occurring on internal carbon mesopores rather than exclusively on the external carbon surface. 26033211 7 52 theme preferential 1816:1827 arg1 interactions 1829:1840 preferential interactions 1816:1840 preferential interactions with ions 1816:1850 Solvent-mediated effects such as small-scale hydrophobicity and preferential interactions with ions are shown to play important roles in modulating glucan adsorption to carbon surfaces, whereas experimental data on hydrophobically modified silica demonstrate that hydrophobicity in and of itself is insufficient to cause β-glu adsorption from concentrated aqueous HCl solution. 26033211 7 53 theme Solvent-mediated 1752:1767 arg1 interactions 1829:1840 preferential interactions 1816:1840 preferential interactions with ions 1816:1850 Solvent-mediated effects such as small-scale hydrophobicity and preferential interactions with ions are shown to play important roles in modulating glucan adsorption to carbon surfaces, whereas experimental data on hydrophobically modified silica demonstrate that hydrophobicity in and of itself is insufficient to cause β-glu adsorption from concentrated aqueous HCl solution. 26033211 7 53 theme Solvent-mediated 1752:1767 arg1 effects 1769:1775 Solvent-mediated effects 1752:1775 Solvent-mediated effects such as small-scale hydrophobicity and preferential interactions with ions 1752:1850 Solvent-mediated effects such as small-scale hydrophobicity and preferential interactions with ions are shown to play important roles in modulating glucan adsorption to carbon surfaces, whereas experimental data on hydrophobically modified silica demonstrate that hydrophobicity in and of itself is insufficient to cause β-glu adsorption from concentrated aqueous HCl solution. 26033211 7 53 theme Solvent-mediated 1752:1767 arg1 hydrophobicity 1797:1810 small-scale hydrophobicity 1785:1810 small-scale hydrophobicity 1785:1810 Solvent-mediated effects such as small-scale hydrophobicity and preferential interactions with ions are shown to play important roles in modulating glucan adsorption to carbon surfaces, whereas experimental data on hydrophobically modified silica demonstrate that hydrophobicity in and of itself is insufficient to cause β-glu adsorption from concentrated aqueous HCl solution. 26033211 3 54 theme direct 888:893 arg1 relationship 895:906 a direct relationship 886:906 a direct relationship between the amount of β-glu adsorption and the magnitude of exposed carbon mesopore surface area, which systematically increases and is also accompanied by an increase in the mesopore size during silica etching 886:1117 Data for the adsorption of long-chain glucans to these materials from concentrated aqueous HCl (37 wt %) solution demonstrate a direct relationship between the amount of β-glu adsorption and the magnitude of exposed carbon mesopore surface area, which systematically increases and is also accompanied by an increase in the mesopore size during silica etching. 26033211 7 55 dep shown 1856:1860 arg1 whereas 1938:1944 whereas 1938:1944 whereas 1938:1944 Solvent-mediated effects such as small-scale hydrophobicity and preferential interactions with ions are shown to play important roles in modulating glucan adsorption to carbon surfaces, whereas experimental data on hydrophobically modified silica demonstrate that hydrophobicity in and of itself is insufficient to cause β-glu adsorption from concentrated aqueous HCl solution. 26033211 5 56 theme molecular 1312:1320 arg1 MD 1332:1333 MD 1332:1333 MD 1332:1333 These experimental data on adsorption were corroborated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of β-glu adsorption to a graphene bilayer separated by a distance of 3.2 nm, chosen to correspond to the carbon mesopore diameter of the experimental system. 26033211 5 56 theme molecular 1312:1320 arg1 dynamics 1322:1329 molecular dynamics 1312:1329 molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of β-glu adsorption to a graphene bilayer separated by a distance of 3.2 nm, chosen to correspond to the carbon mesopore diameter of the experimental system 1312:1503 These experimental data on adsorption were corroborated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of β-glu adsorption to a graphene bilayer separated by a distance of 3.2 nm, chosen to correspond to the carbon mesopore diameter of the experimental system. 26033211 3 57 theme β-glu 930:934 arg1 adsorption 936:945 β-glu adsorption 930:945 β-glu adsorption 930:945 Data for the adsorption of long-chain glucans to these materials from concentrated aqueous HCl (37 wt %) solution demonstrate a direct relationship between the amount of β-glu adsorption and the magnitude of exposed carbon mesopore surface area, which systematically increases and is also accompanied by an increase in the mesopore size during silica etching. 26033211 2 58 dep MCN-MSN-0.5 519:529 arg1 materials 542:550 composite materials 532:550 composite materials consisting of 50% carbon by mass 532:583 The materials synthesized as part of this etching study consist of an as-synthesized composite material (MCN-MSN), MCN-MSN-0.5 (composite materials consisting of 50% carbon by mass), MCN-MSN-0.3 (composite materials consisting of 70% carbon by mass), and MCN, in which silica etching was conducted using an aqueous ethanolic solution of either NaOH or HF. 26033211 7 59 with hydrophobicity 1797:1810 arg1 ions 1847:1850 ions 1847:1850 ions 1847:1850 Solvent-mediated effects such as small-scale hydrophobicity and preferential interactions with ions are shown to play important roles in modulating glucan adsorption to carbon surfaces, whereas experimental data on hydrophobically modified silica demonstrate that hydrophobicity in and of itself is insufficient to cause β-glu adsorption from concentrated aqueous HCl solution. 26033211 5 60 theme experimental 1485:1496 arg1 system 1498:1503 the experimental system 1481:1503 the experimental system 1481:1503 These experimental data on adsorption were corroborated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of β-glu adsorption to a graphene bilayer separated by a distance of 3.2 nm, chosen to correspond to the carbon mesopore diameter of the experimental system. 26033211 4 61 theme carbon 1237:1242 arg1 surface 1244:1250 the external carbon surface 1224:1250 the external carbon surface 1224:1250 This demonstrates β-glu adsorption as occurring on internal carbon mesopores rather than exclusively on the external carbon surface. 26033211 3 62 theme silica 1104:1109 arg1 etching 1111:1117 silica etching 1104:1117 silica etching 1104:1117 Data for the adsorption of long-chain glucans to these materials from concentrated aqueous HCl (37 wt %) solution demonstrate a direct relationship between the amount of β-glu adsorption and the magnitude of exposed carbon mesopore surface area, which systematically increases and is also accompanied by an increase in the mesopore size during silica etching. 26033211 5 63 theme adsorption 1357:1366 arg1 simulations 1336:1346 molecular dynamics (MD) simulations 1312:1346 molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of β-glu adsorption to a graphene bilayer separated by a distance of 3.2 nm, chosen to correspond to the carbon mesopore diameter of the experimental system 1312:1503 These experimental data on adsorption were corroborated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of β-glu adsorption to a graphene bilayer separated by a distance of 3.2 nm, chosen to correspond to the carbon mesopore diameter of the experimental system. 26033211 6 64 from trends 1716:1721 arg1 kinetics 1742:1749 fast adsorption kinetics 1726:1749 fast adsorption kinetics 1726:1749 Simulation results using a variety of β-glu solvent systems demonstrate the rapid adsorption of a β-glu strand on the graphitic carbon surface via axial coupling and are consistent with experimentally observed trends in fast adsorption kinetics. 26033211 2 65 theme aqueous 711:717 arg1 solution 729:736 an aqueous ethanolic solution 708:736 an aqueous ethanolic solution of either NaOH or HF 708:757 The materials synthesized as part of this etching study consist of an as-synthesized composite material (MCN-MSN), MCN-MSN-0.5 (composite materials consisting of 50% carbon by mass), MCN-MSN-0.3 (composite materials consisting of 70% carbon by mass), and MCN, in which silica etching was conducted using an aqueous ethanolic solution of either NaOH or HF. 26033211 1 66 theme molecular 372:380 arg1 simulations 391:401 all-atom molecular dynamics simulations 363:401 all-atom molecular dynamics simulations 363:401 To better understand the adsorption of long-chain poly(1 → 4)-β-D-glucans on carbon surfaces as well as interactions responsible for this adsorption, we use a comparative study involving mesoporous carbon-silica composite materials that have been etched to varying degrees and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. 26033211 6 67 theme strand 1610:1615 arg1 adsorption 1588:1597 the rapid adsorption 1578:1597 the rapid adsorption of a β-glu strand on the graphitic carbon surface 1578:1647 Simulation results using a variety of β-glu solvent systems demonstrate the rapid adsorption of a β-glu strand on the graphitic carbon surface via axial coupling and are consistent with experimentally observed trends in fast adsorption kinetics. 26033211 7 68 theme aqueous 2108:2114 arg1 solution 2120:2127 concentrated aqueous HCl solution 2095:2127 concentrated aqueous HCl solution 2095:2127 Solvent-mediated effects such as small-scale hydrophobicity and preferential interactions with ions are shown to play important roles in modulating glucan adsorption to carbon surfaces, whereas experimental data on hydrophobically modified silica demonstrate that hydrophobicity in and of itself is insufficient to cause β-glu adsorption from concentrated aqueous HCl solution. 26033211 2 69 theme 50 566:567 arg1 % 568:568 % 568:568 % 568:568 The materials synthesized as part of this etching study consist of an as-synthesized composite material (MCN-MSN), MCN-MSN-0.5 (composite materials consisting of 50% carbon by mass), MCN-MSN-0.3 (composite materials consisting of 70% carbon by mass), and MCN, in which silica etching was conducted using an aqueous ethanolic solution of either NaOH or HF. 26033211 1 70 theme long-chain 125:134 arg1 -β-D-glucans 147:158 long-chain poly(1 → 4)-β-D-glucans 125:158 long-chain poly(1 → 4)-β-D-glucans 125:158 To better understand the adsorption of long-chain poly(1 → 4)-β-D-glucans on carbon surfaces as well as interactions responsible for this adsorption, we use a comparative study involving mesoporous carbon-silica composite materials that have been etched to varying degrees and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. 26033211 3 71 theme long-chain 787:796 arg1 glucans 798:804 long-chain glucans 787:804 long-chain glucans 787:804 Data for the adsorption of long-chain glucans to these materials from concentrated aqueous HCl (37 wt %) solution demonstrate a direct relationship between the amount of β-glu adsorption and the magnitude of exposed carbon mesopore surface area, which systematically increases and is also accompanied by an increase in the mesopore size during silica etching. 26033211 2 72 theme silica 673:678 arg1 etching 680:686 silica etching 673:686 silica etching 673:686 The materials synthesized as part of this etching study consist of an as-synthesized composite material (MCN-MSN), MCN-MSN-0.5 (composite materials consisting of 50% carbon by mass), MCN-MSN-0.3 (composite materials consisting of 70% carbon by mass), and MCN, in which silica etching was conducted using an aqueous ethanolic solution of either NaOH or HF. 26033211 7 73 theme β-glu 2073:2077 arg1 adsorption 2079:2088 β-glu adsorption 2073:2088 β-glu adsorption 2073:2088 Solvent-mediated effects such as small-scale hydrophobicity and preferential interactions with ions are shown to play important roles in modulating glucan adsorption to carbon surfaces, whereas experimental data on hydrophobically modified silica demonstrate that hydrophobicity in and of itself is insufficient to cause β-glu adsorption from concentrated aqueous HCl solution. 26033211 0 74 theme Carbon 68:73 arg1 Materials 75:83 Mesoporous Carbon Materials 57:83 Mesoporous Carbon Materials 57:83 Importance of Internal Porosity for Glucan Adsorption in Mesoporous Carbon Materials. 26033211 2 75 theme composite 489:497 arg1 MCN-MSN 509:515 MCN-MSN 509:515 MCN-MSN 509:515 The materials synthesized as part of this etching study consist of an as-synthesized composite material (MCN-MSN), MCN-MSN-0.5 (composite materials consisting of 50% carbon by mass), MCN-MSN-0.3 (composite materials consisting of 70% carbon by mass), and MCN, in which silica etching was conducted using an aqueous ethanolic solution of either NaOH or HF. 26033211 2 75 theme composite 489:497 arg1 MCN-MSN-0.5 519:529 MCN-MSN-0.5 519:529 MCN-MSN-0.5 519:529 The materials synthesized as part of this etching study consist of an as-synthesized composite material (MCN-MSN), MCN-MSN-0.5 (composite materials consisting of 50% carbon by mass), MCN-MSN-0.3 (composite materials consisting of 70% carbon by mass), and MCN, in which silica etching was conducted using an aqueous ethanolic solution of either NaOH or HF. 26033211 2 75 theme composite 489:497 arg1 material 499:506 an as-synthesized composite material 471:506 an as-synthesized composite material (MCN-MSN) 471:516 The materials synthesized as part of this etching study consist of an as-synthesized composite material (MCN-MSN), MCN-MSN-0.5 (composite materials consisting of 50% carbon by mass), MCN-MSN-0.3 (composite materials consisting of 70% carbon by mass), and MCN, in which silica etching was conducted using an aqueous ethanolic solution of either NaOH or HF. 26033211 2 75 theme composite 489:497 arg1 MCN 659:661 MCN 659:661 MCN 659:661 The materials synthesized as part of this etching study consist of an as-synthesized composite material (MCN-MSN), MCN-MSN-0.5 (composite materials consisting of 50% carbon by mass), MCN-MSN-0.3 (composite materials consisting of 70% carbon by mass), and MCN, in which silica etching was conducted using an aqueous ethanolic solution of either NaOH or HF. 26033211 2 75 theme composite 489:497 arg1 MCN-MSN-0.3 587:597 MCN-MSN-0.3 587:597 MCN-MSN-0.3 587:597 The materials synthesized as part of this etching study consist of an as-synthesized composite material (MCN-MSN), MCN-MSN-0.5 (composite materials consisting of 50% carbon by mass), MCN-MSN-0.3 (composite materials consisting of 70% carbon by mass), and MCN, in which silica etching was conducted using an aqueous ethanolic solution of either NaOH or HF. 26033211 5 76 from data 1272:1275 arg1 adsorption 1280:1289 adsorption 1280:1289 adsorption 1280:1289 These experimental data on adsorption were corroborated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of β-glu adsorption to a graphene bilayer separated by a distance of 3.2 nm, chosen to correspond to the carbon mesopore diameter of the experimental system. 26033211 3 77 theme mesopore 983:990 arg1 area 1000:1003 exposed carbon mesopore surface area 968:1003 exposed carbon mesopore surface area 968:1003 Data for the adsorption of long-chain glucans to these materials from concentrated aqueous HCl (37 wt %) solution demonstrate a direct relationship between the amount of β-glu adsorption and the magnitude of exposed carbon mesopore surface area, which systematically increases and is also accompanied by an increase in the mesopore size during silica etching. 26033211 2 78 theme composite 532:540 arg1 materials 542:550 composite materials 532:550 composite materials consisting of 50% carbon by mass 532:583 The materials synthesized as part of this etching study consist of an as-synthesized composite material (MCN-MSN), MCN-MSN-0.5 (composite materials consisting of 50% carbon by mass), MCN-MSN-0.3 (composite materials consisting of 70% carbon by mass), and MCN, in which silica etching was conducted using an aqueous ethanolic solution of either NaOH or HF. 26033211 2 79 theme 70 634:635 arg1 % 636:636 % 636:636 % 636:636 The materials synthesized as part of this etching study consist of an as-synthesized composite material (MCN-MSN), MCN-MSN-0.5 (composite materials consisting of 50% carbon by mass), MCN-MSN-0.3 (composite materials consisting of 70% carbon by mass), and MCN, in which silica etching was conducted using an aqueous ethanolic solution of either NaOH or HF. 26033211 7 80 theme glucan 1900:1905 arg1 adsorption 1907:1916 glucan adsorption 1900:1916 glucan adsorption to carbon surfaces 1900:1935 Solvent-mediated effects such as small-scale hydrophobicity and preferential interactions with ions are shown to play important roles in modulating glucan adsorption to carbon surfaces, whereas experimental data on hydrophobically modified silica demonstrate that hydrophobicity in and of itself is insufficient to cause β-glu adsorption from concentrated aqueous HCl solution. 26033211 3 81 theme exposed 968:974 arg1 area 1000:1003 exposed carbon mesopore surface area 968:1003 exposed carbon mesopore surface area 968:1003 Data for the adsorption of long-chain glucans to these materials from concentrated aqueous HCl (37 wt %) solution demonstrate a direct relationship between the amount of β-glu adsorption and the magnitude of exposed carbon mesopore surface area, which systematically increases and is also accompanied by an increase in the mesopore size during silica etching. 26033211 4 82 theme internal 1171:1178 arg1 mesopores 1187:1195 internal carbon mesopores 1171:1195 internal carbon mesopores 1171:1195 This demonstrates β-glu adsorption as occurring on internal carbon mesopores rather than exclusively on the external carbon surface. 26033211 5 83 theme experimental 1259:1270 arg1 data 1272:1275 These experimental data 1253:1275 These experimental data on adsorption 1253:1289 These experimental data on adsorption were corroborated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of β-glu adsorption to a graphene bilayer separated by a distance of 3.2 nm, chosen to correspond to the carbon mesopore diameter of the experimental system. 26033211 1 84 theme varying 343:349 arg1 degrees 351:357 varying degrees 343:357 varying degrees 343:357 To better understand the adsorption of long-chain poly(1 → 4)-β-D-glucans on carbon surfaces as well as interactions responsible for this adsorption, we use a comparative study involving mesoporous carbon-silica composite materials that have been etched to varying degrees and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. 26033211 6 85 theme solvent 1550:1556 arg1 systems 1558:1564 β-glu solvent systems 1544:1564 β-glu solvent systems 1544:1564 Simulation results using a variety of β-glu solvent systems demonstrate the rapid adsorption of a β-glu strand on the graphitic carbon surface via axial coupling and are consistent with experimentally observed trends in fast adsorption kinetics. 26033211 3 86 theme HCl 851:853 arg1 solution 865:872 concentrated aqueous HCl (37 wt %) solution 830:872 concentrated aqueous HCl (37 wt %) solution 830:872 Data for the adsorption of long-chain glucans to these materials from concentrated aqueous HCl (37 wt %) solution demonstrate a direct relationship between the amount of β-glu adsorption and the magnitude of exposed carbon mesopore surface area, which systematically increases and is also accompanied by an increase in the mesopore size during silica etching. 26033211 6 87 theme carbon 1634:1639 arg1 surface 1641:1647 the graphitic carbon surface 1620:1647 the graphitic carbon surface 1620:1647 Simulation results using a variety of β-glu solvent systems demonstrate the rapid adsorption of a β-glu strand on the graphitic carbon surface via axial coupling and are consistent with experimentally observed trends in fast adsorption kinetics. 26033211 3 88 theme area 1000:1003 arg1 amount 920:925 the amount 916:925 the amount of β-glu adsorption 916:945 Data for the adsorption of long-chain glucans to these materials from concentrated aqueous HCl (37 wt %) solution demonstrate a direct relationship between the amount of β-glu adsorption and the magnitude of exposed carbon mesopore surface area, which systematically increases and is also accompanied by an increase in the mesopore size during silica etching. 26033211 3 88 theme area 1000:1003 arg1 adsorption 936:945 β-glu adsorption 930:945 β-glu adsorption 930:945 Data for the adsorption of long-chain glucans to these materials from concentrated aqueous HCl (37 wt %) solution demonstrate a direct relationship between the amount of β-glu adsorption and the magnitude of exposed carbon mesopore surface area, which systematically increases and is also accompanied by an increase in the mesopore size during silica etching. 26033211 3 88 theme area 1000:1003 arg1 magnitude 955:963 the magnitude 951:963 the magnitude of exposed carbon mesopore surface area, which systematically increases and is also accompanied by an increase in the mesopore size during silica etching 951:1117 Data for the adsorption of long-chain glucans to these materials from concentrated aqueous HCl (37 wt %) solution demonstrate a direct relationship between the amount of β-glu adsorption and the magnitude of exposed carbon mesopore surface area, which systematically increases and is also accompanied by an increase in the mesopore size during silica etching. 26033211 3 88 theme area 1000:1003 arg1 area 1000:1003 exposed carbon mesopore surface area 968:1003 exposed carbon mesopore surface area 968:1003 Data for the adsorption of long-chain glucans to these materials from concentrated aqueous HCl (37 wt %) solution demonstrate a direct relationship between the amount of β-glu adsorption and the magnitude of exposed carbon mesopore surface area, which systematically increases and is also accompanied by an increase in the mesopore size during silica etching. 26033211 3 89 theme concentrated 830:841 arg1 solution 865:872 concentrated aqueous HCl (37 wt %) solution 830:872 concentrated aqueous HCl (37 wt %) solution 830:872 Data for the adsorption of long-chain glucans to these materials from concentrated aqueous HCl (37 wt %) solution demonstrate a direct relationship between the amount of β-glu adsorption and the magnitude of exposed carbon mesopore surface area, which systematically increases and is also accompanied by an increase in the mesopore size during silica etching. 26033211 6 90 theme adsorption 1731:1740 arg1 kinetics 1742:1749 fast adsorption kinetics 1726:1749 fast adsorption kinetics 1726:1749 Simulation results using a variety of β-glu solvent systems demonstrate the rapid adsorption of a β-glu strand on the graphitic carbon surface via axial coupling and are consistent with experimentally observed trends in fast adsorption kinetics. 26033211 6 91 with consistent 1676:1685 arg1 trends 1716:1721 experimentally observed trends 1692:1721 experimentally observed trends in fast adsorption kinetics 1692:1749 Simulation results using a variety of β-glu solvent systems demonstrate the rapid adsorption of a β-glu strand on the graphitic carbon surface via axial coupling and are consistent with experimentally observed trends in fast adsorption kinetics. 26033211 0 92 theme Porosity 23:30 arg1 Importance 0:9 Importance 0:9 Importance of Internal Porosity for Glucan Adsorption in Mesoporous Carbon Materials. 0:84 Importance of Internal Porosity for Glucan Adsorption in Mesoporous Carbon Materials. 26033211 1 93 theme comparative 245:255 arg1 study 257:261 a comparative study 243:261 a comparative study involving mesoporous carbon-silica composite materials that have been etched to varying degrees and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations 243:401 To better understand the adsorption of long-chain poly(1 → 4)-β-D-glucans on carbon surfaces as well as interactions responsible for this adsorption, we use a comparative study involving mesoporous carbon-silica composite materials that have been etched to varying degrees and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. 26033211 5 94 theme carbon 1453:1458 arg1 diameter 1469:1476 the carbon mesopore diameter 1449:1476 the carbon mesopore diameter of the experimental system 1449:1503 These experimental data on adsorption were corroborated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of β-glu adsorption to a graphene bilayer separated by a distance of 3.2 nm, chosen to correspond to the carbon mesopore diameter of the experimental system. 26033211 0 95 theme Glucan 36:41 arg1 Adsorption 43:52 Glucan Adsorption 36:52 Glucan Adsorption in Mesoporous Carbon Materials 36:83 Importance of Internal Porosity for Glucan Adsorption in Mesoporous Carbon Materials. 26033211 6 96 theme observed 1707:1714 arg1 trends 1716:1721 experimentally observed trends 1692:1721 experimentally observed trends in fast adsorption kinetics 1692:1749 Simulation results using a variety of β-glu solvent systems demonstrate the rapid adsorption of a β-glu strand on the graphitic carbon surface via axial coupling and are consistent with experimentally observed trends in fast adsorption kinetics. 26033211 4 97 theme external 1228:1235 arg1 surface 1244:1250 the external carbon surface 1224:1250 the external carbon surface 1224:1250 This demonstrates β-glu adsorption as occurring on internal carbon mesopores rather than exclusively on the external carbon surface. 26033211 5 98 theme dynamics 1322:1329 arg1 simulations 1336:1346 molecular dynamics (MD) simulations 1312:1346 molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of β-glu adsorption to a graphene bilayer separated by a distance of 3.2 nm, chosen to correspond to the carbon mesopore diameter of the experimental system 1312:1503 These experimental data on adsorption were corroborated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of β-glu adsorption to a graphene bilayer separated by a distance of 3.2 nm, chosen to correspond to the carbon mesopore diameter of the experimental system. 26033211 1 99 theme carbon-silica 284:296 arg1 materials 308:316 mesoporous carbon-silica composite materials 273:316 mesoporous carbon-silica composite materials that have been etched to varying degrees and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations 273:401 To better understand the adsorption of long-chain poly(1 → 4)-β-D-glucans on carbon surfaces as well as interactions responsible for this adsorption, we use a comparative study involving mesoporous carbon-silica composite materials that have been etched to varying degrees and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. 26033211 2 100 theme etching 446:452 arg1 study 454:458 this etching study 441:458 this etching study 441:458 The materials synthesized as part of this etching study consist of an as-synthesized composite material (MCN-MSN), MCN-MSN-0.5 (composite materials consisting of 50% carbon by mass), MCN-MSN-0.3 (composite materials consisting of 70% carbon by mass), and MCN, in which silica etching was conducted using an aqueous ethanolic solution of either NaOH or HF. 26033211 2 101 theme NaOH 748:751 arg1 solution 729:736 an aqueous ethanolic solution 708:736 an aqueous ethanolic solution of either NaOH or HF 708:757 The materials synthesized as part of this etching study consist of an as-synthesized composite material (MCN-MSN), MCN-MSN-0.5 (composite materials consisting of 50% carbon by mass), MCN-MSN-0.3 (composite materials consisting of 70% carbon by mass), and MCN, in which silica etching was conducted using an aqueous ethanolic solution of either NaOH or HF. 26033211 1 102 theme responsible 203:213 arg1 interactions 190:201 interactions 190:201 interactions responsible for this adsorption 190:233 To better understand the adsorption of long-chain poly(1 → 4)-β-D-glucans on carbon surfaces as well as interactions responsible for this adsorption, we use a comparative study involving mesoporous carbon-silica composite materials that have been etched to varying degrees and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. 26033211 3 103 theme mesopore 1083:1090 arg1 size 1092:1095 the mesopore size 1079:1095 the mesopore size during silica etching 1079:1117 Data for the adsorption of long-chain glucans to these materials from concentrated aqueous HCl (37 wt %) solution demonstrate a direct relationship between the amount of β-glu adsorption and the magnitude of exposed carbon mesopore surface area, which systematically increases and is also accompanied by an increase in the mesopore size during silica etching. 28950123 0 0 theme calcium-alginate 74:89 arg1 films 91:95 calcium-alginate films 74:95 calcium-alginate films 74:95 A novel method for bioethanol production using immobilized yeast cells in calcium-alginate films and hybrid composite pervaporation membrane. 28950123 6 1 theme immobilized 950:960 arg1 cells 962:966 immobilized cells 950:966 immobilized cells 950:966 Thus, the performance of both the alginate film with immobilized cells and the customized hybrid membrane suggests they could have an interesting potential application in an integrated reaction-separation device for the production and purification of bioethanol. 28950123 3 2 theme fermentation 514:525 arg1 conditions 527:536 the same fermentation conditions 505:536 the same fermentation conditions 505:536 Yeast immobilized on alginate films produced a higher ethanol yield than free yeast cells under the same fermentation conditions. 28950123 1 3 theme alginate 266:273 arg1 films 275:279 calcium alginate films 258:279 calcium alginate films 258:279 Fermentation of sugar for production of ethanol was carried out using Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells immobilized in calcium alginate films. 28950123 6 4 theme bioethanol 1148:1157 arg1 purification 1132:1143 purification 1132:1143 purification 1132:1143 Thus, the performance of both the alginate film with immobilized cells and the customized hybrid membrane suggests they could have an interesting potential application in an integrated reaction-separation device for the production and purification of bioethanol. 28950123 6 4 theme bioethanol 1148:1157 arg1 production 1117:1126 production 1117:1126 production 1117:1126 Thus, the performance of both the alginate film with immobilized cells and the customized hybrid membrane suggests they could have an interesting potential application in an integrated reaction-separation device for the production and purification of bioethanol. 28950123 6 5 theme interesting 1031:1041 arg1 application 1053:1063 an interesting potential application 1028:1063 an interesting potential application 1028:1063 Thus, the performance of both the alginate film with immobilized cells and the customized hybrid membrane suggests they could have an interesting potential application in an integrated reaction-separation device for the production and purification of bioethanol. 28950123 6 6 theme film 940:943 arg1 performance 907:917 the performance 903:917 the performance of both the alginate film with immobilized cells and the customized hybrid membrane 903:1001 Thus, the performance of both the alginate film with immobilized cells and the customized hybrid membrane suggests they could have an interesting potential application in an integrated reaction-separation device for the production and purification of bioethanol. 28950123 2 7 theme alginate 304:311 arg1 films 287:291 Thin films 282:291 Thin films of calcium alginate casted on a microchannel surface 282:344 Thin films of calcium alginate casted on a microchannel surface were used instead of the typical spherical bead configuration. 28950123 4 8 theme ethanol 636:642 arg1 separation 644:653 ethanol separation 636:653 ethanol separation 636:653 Also, a silicalite-1/poly dimethyl siloxane composite pervaporation membrane was synthesized for ethanol separation, and characterized with flux and separation factor. 28950123 5 9 theme poly 778:781 arg1 siloxane 792:799 poly dimethyl siloxane 778:799 poly dimethyl siloxane 778:799 The composite membrane synthesized with a 3-1 ratio of silicalite-1 to poly dimethyl siloxane showed promising results, with a flux of 140.6g/m2h±19.3 and a separation factor of 37.52±3.55. 28950123 6 10 theme alginate 931:938 arg1 film 940:943 the alginate film 927:943 the alginate film with immobilized cells 927:966 Thus, the performance of both the alginate film with immobilized cells and the customized hybrid membrane suggests they could have an interesting potential application in an integrated reaction-separation device for the production and purification of bioethanol. 28950123 5 11 theme composite 711:719 arg1 membrane 721:728 The composite membrane 707:728 The composite membrane synthesized with a 3-1 ratio of silicalite-1 to poly dimethyl siloxane 707:799 The composite membrane synthesized with a 3-1 ratio of silicalite-1 to poly dimethyl siloxane showed promising results, with a flux of 140.6g/m2h±19.3 and a separation factor of 37.52±3.55. 28950123 2 12 theme calcium 296:302 arg1 alginate 304:311 calcium alginate 296:311 calcium alginate casted on a microchannel surface 296:344 Thin films of calcium alginate casted on a microchannel surface were used instead of the typical spherical bead configuration. 28950123 0 13 theme composite 108:116 arg1 membrane 132:139 hybrid composite pervaporation membrane 101:139 hybrid composite pervaporation membrane 101:139 A novel method for bioethanol production using immobilized yeast cells in calcium-alginate films and hybrid composite pervaporation membrane. 28950123 5 14 theme 140.6g/m2h±19.3 842:856 arg1 flux 834:837 a flux 832:837 a flux of 140.6g/m2h±19.3 and a separation factor of 37.52±3.55 832:894 The composite membrane synthesized with a 3-1 ratio of silicalite-1 to poly dimethyl siloxane showed promising results, with a flux of 140.6g/m2h±19.3 and a separation factor of 37.52±3.55. 28950123 6 15 theme integrated 1071:1080 arg1 device 1102:1107 an integrated reaction-separation device 1068:1107 an integrated reaction-separation device for the production and purification of bioethanol 1068:1157 Thus, the performance of both the alginate film with immobilized cells and the customized hybrid membrane suggests they could have an interesting potential application in an integrated reaction-separation device for the production and purification of bioethanol. 28950123 3 16 theme higher 456:461 arg1 yield 471:475 a higher ethanol yield 454:475 a higher ethanol yield than free yeast cells 454:497 Yeast immobilized on alginate films produced a higher ethanol yield than free yeast cells under the same fermentation conditions. 28950123 0 17 theme hybrid 101:106 arg1 membrane 132:139 hybrid composite pervaporation membrane 101:139 hybrid composite pervaporation membrane 101:139 A novel method for bioethanol production using immobilized yeast cells in calcium-alginate films and hybrid composite pervaporation membrane. 28950123 6 18 theme potential 1043:1051 arg1 application 1053:1063 an interesting potential application 1028:1063 an interesting potential application 1028:1063 Thus, the performance of both the alginate film with immobilized cells and the customized hybrid membrane suggests they could have an interesting potential application in an integrated reaction-separation device for the production and purification of bioethanol. 28950123 1 19 theme ethanol 182:188 arg1 production 168:177 production 168:177 production of ethanol 168:188 Fermentation of sugar for production of ethanol was carried out using Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells immobilized in calcium alginate films. 28950123 0 20 theme novel 2:6 arg1 method 8:13 A novel method 0:13 A novel method for bioethanol production using immobilized yeast cells in calcium-alginate films and hybrid composite pervaporation membrane. 0:140 A novel method for bioethanol production using immobilized yeast cells in calcium-alginate films and hybrid composite pervaporation membrane. 28950123 6 21 theme membrane 994:1001 arg1 performance 907:917 the performance 903:917 the performance of both the alginate film with immobilized cells and the customized hybrid membrane 903:1001 Thus, the performance of both the alginate film with immobilized cells and the customized hybrid membrane suggests they could have an interesting potential application in an integrated reaction-separation device for the production and purification of bioethanol. 28950123 2 22 theme microchannel 325:336 arg1 surface 338:344 a microchannel surface 323:344 a microchannel surface 323:344 Thin films of calcium alginate casted on a microchannel surface were used instead of the typical spherical bead configuration. 28950123 4 23 theme composite 583:591 arg1 membrane 607:614 a silicalite-1/poly dimethyl siloxane composite pervaporation membrane 545:614 a silicalite-1/poly dimethyl siloxane composite pervaporation membrane 545:614 Also, a silicalite-1/poly dimethyl siloxane composite pervaporation membrane was synthesized for ethanol separation, and characterized with flux and separation factor. 28950123 2 24 used used 351:354 arg2 films 287:291 Thin films 282:291 Thin films of calcium alginate casted on a microchannel surface 282:344 Thin films of calcium alginate casted on a microchannel surface were used instead of the typical spherical bead configuration. 28950123 6 25 dep production 1117:1126 arg1 the 1113:1115 the 1113:1115 the 1113:1115 Thus, the performance of both the alginate film with immobilized cells and the customized hybrid membrane suggests they could have an interesting potential application in an integrated reaction-separation device for the production and purification of bioethanol. 28950123 2 26 theme bead 389:392 arg1 configuration 394:406 the typical spherical bead configuration 367:406 the typical spherical bead configuration 367:406 Thin films of calcium alginate casted on a microchannel surface were used instead of the typical spherical bead configuration. 28950123 5 27 theme 37.52±3.55 885:894 arg1 factor 875:880 a separation factor 862:880 a separation factor of 37.52±3.55 862:894 The composite membrane synthesized with a 3-1 ratio of silicalite-1 to poly dimethyl siloxane showed promising results, with a flux of 140.6g/m2h±19.3 and a separation factor of 37.52±3.55. 28950123 5 27 theme 37.52±3.55 885:894 arg1 140.6g/m2h±19.3 842:856 140.6g/m2h±19.3 842:856 140.6g/m2h±19.3 842:856 The composite membrane synthesized with a 3-1 ratio of silicalite-1 to poly dimethyl siloxane showed promising results, with a flux of 140.6g/m2h±19.3 and a separation factor of 37.52±3.55. 28950123 4 28 theme siloxane 574:581 arg1 membrane 607:614 a silicalite-1/poly dimethyl siloxane composite pervaporation membrane 545:614 a silicalite-1/poly dimethyl siloxane composite pervaporation membrane 545:614 Also, a silicalite-1/poly dimethyl siloxane composite pervaporation membrane was synthesized for ethanol separation, and characterized with flux and separation factor. 28950123 5 29 theme 3-1 749:751 arg1 ratio 753:757 a 3-1 ratio 747:757 a 3-1 ratio of silicalite-1 to poly dimethyl siloxane 747:799 The composite membrane synthesized with a 3-1 ratio of silicalite-1 to poly dimethyl siloxane showed promising results, with a flux of 140.6g/m2h±19.3 and a separation factor of 37.52±3.55. 28950123 6 30 with membrane 994:1001 arg1 cells 962:966 immobilized cells 950:966 immobilized cells 950:966 Thus, the performance of both the alginate film with immobilized cells and the customized hybrid membrane suggests they could have an interesting potential application in an integrated reaction-separation device for the production and purification of bioethanol. 28950123 3 31 theme free 482:485 arg1 cells 493:497 free yeast cells 482:497 free yeast cells 482:497 Yeast immobilized on alginate films produced a higher ethanol yield than free yeast cells under the same fermentation conditions. 28950123 5 32 theme separation 864:873 arg1 factor 875:880 a separation factor 862:880 a separation factor of 37.52±3.55 862:894 The composite membrane synthesized with a 3-1 ratio of silicalite-1 to poly dimethyl siloxane showed promising results, with a flux of 140.6g/m2h±19.3 and a separation factor of 37.52±3.55. 28950123 0 33 theme pervaporation 118:130 arg1 membrane 132:139 hybrid composite pervaporation membrane 101:139 hybrid composite pervaporation membrane 101:139 A novel method for bioethanol production using immobilized yeast cells in calcium-alginate films and hybrid composite pervaporation membrane. 28950123 3 34 theme yeast 487:491 arg1 cells 493:497 free yeast cells 482:497 free yeast cells 482:497 Yeast immobilized on alginate films produced a higher ethanol yield than free yeast cells under the same fermentation conditions. 28950123 3 35 theme alginate 430:437 arg1 films 439:443 alginate films 430:443 alginate films 430:443 Yeast immobilized on alginate films produced a higher ethanol yield than free yeast cells under the same fermentation conditions. 28950123 4 36 theme pervaporation 593:605 arg1 membrane 607:614 a silicalite-1/poly dimethyl siloxane composite pervaporation membrane 545:614 a silicalite-1/poly dimethyl siloxane composite pervaporation membrane 545:614 Also, a silicalite-1/poly dimethyl siloxane composite pervaporation membrane was synthesized for ethanol separation, and characterized with flux and separation factor. 28950123 4 37 theme separation 688:697 arg1 factor 699:704 separation factor 688:704 separation factor 688:704 Also, a silicalite-1/poly dimethyl siloxane composite pervaporation membrane was synthesized for ethanol separation, and characterized with flux and separation factor. 28950123 1 38 theme Saccharomyces 212:224 arg1 cells 237:241 Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells 212:241 Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells immobilized in calcium alginate films 212:279 Fermentation of sugar for production of ethanol was carried out using Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells immobilized in calcium alginate films. 28950123 0 39 theme bioethanol 19:28 arg1 production 30:39 bioethanol production 19:39 bioethanol production 19:39 A novel method for bioethanol production using immobilized yeast cells in calcium-alginate films and hybrid composite pervaporation membrane. 28950123 6 40 theme hybrid 987:992 arg1 membrane 994:1001 the customized hybrid membrane 972:1001 the customized hybrid membrane 972:1001 Thus, the performance of both the alginate film with immobilized cells and the customized hybrid membrane suggests they could have an interesting potential application in an integrated reaction-separation device for the production and purification of bioethanol. 28950123 5 41 theme silicalite-1 762:773 arg1 ratio 753:757 a 3-1 ratio 747:757 a 3-1 ratio of silicalite-1 to poly dimethyl siloxane 747:799 The composite membrane synthesized with a 3-1 ratio of silicalite-1 to poly dimethyl siloxane showed promising results, with a flux of 140.6g/m2h±19.3 and a separation factor of 37.52±3.55. 28950123 6 42 theme reaction-separation 1082:1100 arg1 device 1102:1107 an integrated reaction-separation device 1068:1107 an integrated reaction-separation device for the production and purification of bioethanol 1068:1157 Thus, the performance of both the alginate film with immobilized cells and the customized hybrid membrane suggests they could have an interesting potential application in an integrated reaction-separation device for the production and purification of bioethanol. 28950123 0 43 theme immobilized 47:57 arg1 cells 65:69 immobilized yeast cells 47:69 immobilized yeast cells 47:69 A novel method for bioethanol production using immobilized yeast cells in calcium-alginate films and hybrid composite pervaporation membrane. 28950123 6 44 theme customized 976:985 arg1 membrane 994:1001 the customized hybrid membrane 972:1001 the customized hybrid membrane 972:1001 Thus, the performance of both the alginate film with immobilized cells and the customized hybrid membrane suggests they could have an interesting potential application in an integrated reaction-separation device for the production and purification of bioethanol. 28950123 6 45 contain have 1023:1026 arg1 they 1012:1015 they 1012:1015 they 1012:1015 Thus, the performance of both the alginate film with immobilized cells and the customized hybrid membrane suggests they could have an interesting potential application in an integrated reaction-separation device for the production and purification of bioethanol. 28950123 6 45 contain have 1023:1026 arg2 application 1053:1063 an interesting potential application 1028:1063 an interesting potential application 1028:1063 Thus, the performance of both the alginate film with immobilized cells and the customized hybrid membrane suggests they could have an interesting potential application in an integrated reaction-separation device for the production and purification of bioethanol. 28950123 5 46 theme promising 808:816 arg1 results 818:824 promising results 808:824 promising results 808:824 The composite membrane synthesized with a 3-1 ratio of silicalite-1 to poly dimethyl siloxane showed promising results, with a flux of 140.6g/m2h±19.3 and a separation factor of 37.52±3.55. 28950123 4 47 theme dimethyl 565:572 arg1 membrane 607:614 a silicalite-1/poly dimethyl siloxane composite pervaporation membrane 545:614 a silicalite-1/poly dimethyl siloxane composite pervaporation membrane 545:614 Also, a silicalite-1/poly dimethyl siloxane composite pervaporation membrane was synthesized for ethanol separation, and characterized with flux and separation factor. 28950123 3 48 theme same 509:512 arg1 conditions 527:536 the same fermentation conditions 505:536 the same fermentation conditions 505:536 Yeast immobilized on alginate films produced a higher ethanol yield than free yeast cells under the same fermentation conditions. 28950123 4 49 theme silicalite-1/poly 547:563 arg1 membrane 607:614 a silicalite-1/poly dimethyl siloxane composite pervaporation membrane 545:614 a silicalite-1/poly dimethyl siloxane composite pervaporation membrane 545:614 Also, a silicalite-1/poly dimethyl siloxane composite pervaporation membrane was synthesized for ethanol separation, and characterized with flux and separation factor. 28950123 2 50 theme Thin 282:285 arg1 films 287:291 Thin films 282:291 Thin films of calcium alginate casted on a microchannel surface 282:344 Thin films of calcium alginate casted on a microchannel surface were used instead of the typical spherical bead configuration. 28950123 1 51 dep Saccharomyces 212:224 arg1 cerevisiae 226:235 cerevisiae 226:235 cerevisiae 226:235 Fermentation of sugar for production of ethanol was carried out using Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells immobilized in calcium alginate films. 28950123 5 52 theme dimethyl 783:790 arg1 siloxane 792:799 poly dimethyl siloxane 778:799 poly dimethyl siloxane 778:799 The composite membrane synthesized with a 3-1 ratio of silicalite-1 to poly dimethyl siloxane showed promising results, with a flux of 140.6g/m2h±19.3 and a separation factor of 37.52±3.55. 28950123 6 53 with film 940:943 arg1 cells 962:966 immobilized cells 950:966 immobilized cells 950:966 Thus, the performance of both the alginate film with immobilized cells and the customized hybrid membrane suggests they could have an interesting potential application in an integrated reaction-separation device for the production and purification of bioethanol. 28950123 1 54 theme sugar 158:162 arg1 Fermentation 142:153 Fermentation 142:153 Fermentation of sugar for production of ethanol 142:188 Fermentation of sugar for production of ethanol was carried out using Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells immobilized in calcium alginate films. 28950123 5 55 theme factor 875:880 arg1 flux 834:837 a flux 832:837 a flux of 140.6g/m2h±19.3 and a separation factor of 37.52±3.55 832:894 The composite membrane synthesized with a 3-1 ratio of silicalite-1 to poly dimethyl siloxane showed promising results, with a flux of 140.6g/m2h±19.3 and a separation factor of 37.52±3.55. 28950123 2 56 theme spherical 379:387 arg1 configuration 394:406 the typical spherical bead configuration 367:406 the typical spherical bead configuration 367:406 Thin films of calcium alginate casted on a microchannel surface were used instead of the typical spherical bead configuration. 28950123 3 57 theme ethanol 463:469 arg1 yield 471:475 a higher ethanol yield 454:475 a higher ethanol yield than free yeast cells 454:497 Yeast immobilized on alginate films produced a higher ethanol yield than free yeast cells under the same fermentation conditions. 28950123 0 58 theme yeast 59:63 arg1 cells 65:69 immobilized yeast cells 47:69 immobilized yeast cells 47:69 A novel method for bioethanol production using immobilized yeast cells in calcium-alginate films and hybrid composite pervaporation membrane. 28950123 2 59 theme typical 371:377 arg1 configuration 394:406 the typical spherical bead configuration 367:406 the typical spherical bead configuration 367:406 Thin films of calcium alginate casted on a microchannel surface were used instead of the typical spherical bead configuration. 28950123 1 60 theme calcium 258:264 arg1 films 275:279 calcium alginate films 258:279 calcium alginate films 258:279 Fermentation of sugar for production of ethanol was carried out using Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells immobilized in calcium alginate films. 27707645 0 0 theme Musa 84:87 arg1 balbisiana 89:98 Musa balbisiana 84:98 Musa balbisiana 84:98 Ultrasound assisted citric acid mediated pectin extraction from industrial waste of Musa balbisiana. 27707645 1 1 theme response 351:358 arg1 methodology 368:378 response surface methodology 351:378 response surface methodology 351:378 The objectives of the present work are to extract pectin from industrial waste of Musa balbisiana by ultrasound assisted citric acid mediated extraction method and optimization was done through central composite statistical experimental design under response surface methodology. 27707645 4 2 theme 3.2 715:717 arg1 condition 669:677 The optimal extraction process condition 638:677 The optimal extraction process condition 638:677 The optimal extraction process condition was ultrasound power of 323w, pH of 3.2, extraction time of 27min and SL (solid-liquid) ratio of 1:15g/ml. 27707645 4 2 theme 3.2 715:717 arg1 power 694:698 ultrasound power 683:698 ultrasound power of 323w 683:706 The optimal extraction process condition was ultrasound power of 323w, pH of 3.2, extraction time of 27min and SL (solid-liquid) ratio of 1:15g/ml. 27707645 4 2 theme 3.2 715:717 arg1 time 731:734 extraction time 720:734 extraction time of 27min 720:743 The optimal extraction process condition was ultrasound power of 323w, pH of 3.2, extraction time of 27min and SL (solid-liquid) ratio of 1:15g/ml. 27707645 4 2 theme 3.2 715:717 arg1 ratio 767:771 SL (solid-liquid) ratio 749:771 SL (solid-liquid) ratio of 1:15g/ml 749:783 The optimal extraction process condition was ultrasound power of 323w, pH of 3.2, extraction time of 27min and SL (solid-liquid) ratio of 1:15g/ml. 27707645 4 2 theme 3.2 715:717 arg1 pH 709:710 pH 709:710 pH of 3.2 709:717 The optimal extraction process condition was ultrasound power of 323w, pH of 3.2, extraction time of 27min and SL (solid-liquid) ratio of 1:15g/ml. 27707645 1 3 theme extraction 243:252 arg1 method 254:259 ultrasound assisted citric acid mediated extraction method 202:259 ultrasound assisted citric acid mediated extraction method 202:259 The objectives of the present work are to extract pectin from industrial waste of Musa balbisiana by ultrasound assisted citric acid mediated extraction method and optimization was done through central composite statistical experimental design under response surface methodology. 27707645 1 4 theme surface 360:366 arg1 methodology 368:378 response surface methodology 351:378 response surface methodology 351:378 The objectives of the present work are to extract pectin from industrial waste of Musa balbisiana by ultrasound assisted citric acid mediated extraction method and optimization was done through central composite statistical experimental design under response surface methodology. 27707645 2 5 theme considerable 489:500 arg1 influence 502:510 considerable influence 489:510 considerable influence 489:510 The outcomes of this study exhibited that, process variables (ultrasound power, pH and extraction time) had considerable influence on the pectin extraction. 27707645 5 6 theme pectin 879:884 arg1 yield 870:874 predicted yield 860:874 predicted yield of pectin 860:884 The mean experimental yield of pectin (8.99±0.018%) was fine accord among predicted yield of pectin (9.02%). 27707645 3 7 theme mathematical 551:562 arg1 equation 564:571 Second order mathematical equation 538:571 Second order mathematical equation 538:571 Second order mathematical equation was constructed to predict the data through regression analysis. 27707645 0 8 theme balbisiana 89:98 arg1 waste 75:79 industrial waste 64:79 industrial waste of Musa balbisiana 64:98 Ultrasound assisted citric acid mediated pectin extraction from industrial waste of Musa balbisiana. 27707645 4 9 theme solid-liquid 753:764 arg1 ratio 767:771 SL (solid-liquid) ratio 749:771 SL (solid-liquid) ratio of 1:15g/ml 749:783 The optimal extraction process condition was ultrasound power of 323w, pH of 3.2, extraction time of 27min and SL (solid-liquid) ratio of 1:15g/ml. 27707645 2 10 theme pectin 519:524 arg1 extraction 526:535 the pectin extraction 515:535 the pectin extraction 515:535 The outcomes of this study exhibited that, process variables (ultrasound power, pH and extraction time) had considerable influence on the pectin extraction. 27707645 4 11 theme extraction 650:659 arg1 condition 669:677 The optimal extraction process condition 638:677 The optimal extraction process condition 638:677 The optimal extraction process condition was ultrasound power of 323w, pH of 3.2, extraction time of 27min and SL (solid-liquid) ratio of 1:15g/ml. 27707645 4 11 theme extraction 650:659 arg1 power 694:698 ultrasound power 683:698 ultrasound power of 323w 683:706 The optimal extraction process condition was ultrasound power of 323w, pH of 3.2, extraction time of 27min and SL (solid-liquid) ratio of 1:15g/ml. 27707645 3 12 theme Second 538:543 arg1 equation 564:571 Second order mathematical equation 538:571 Second order mathematical equation 538:571 Second order mathematical equation was constructed to predict the data through regression analysis. 27707645 4 13 theme 323w 703:706 arg1 condition 669:677 The optimal extraction process condition 638:677 The optimal extraction process condition 638:677 The optimal extraction process condition was ultrasound power of 323w, pH of 3.2, extraction time of 27min and SL (solid-liquid) ratio of 1:15g/ml. 27707645 4 13 theme 323w 703:706 arg1 power 694:698 ultrasound power 683:698 ultrasound power of 323w 683:706 The optimal extraction process condition was ultrasound power of 323w, pH of 3.2, extraction time of 27min and SL (solid-liquid) ratio of 1:15g/ml. 27707645 4 13 theme 323w 703:706 arg1 time 731:734 extraction time 720:734 extraction time of 27min 720:743 The optimal extraction process condition was ultrasound power of 323w, pH of 3.2, extraction time of 27min and SL (solid-liquid) ratio of 1:15g/ml. 27707645 4 13 theme 323w 703:706 arg1 ratio 767:771 SL (solid-liquid) ratio 749:771 SL (solid-liquid) ratio of 1:15g/ml 749:783 The optimal extraction process condition was ultrasound power of 323w, pH of 3.2, extraction time of 27min and SL (solid-liquid) ratio of 1:15g/ml. 27707645 4 13 theme 323w 703:706 arg1 pH 709:710 pH 709:710 pH of 3.2 709:717 The optimal extraction process condition was ultrasound power of 323w, pH of 3.2, extraction time of 27min and SL (solid-liquid) ratio of 1:15g/ml. 27707645 3 14 theme order 545:549 arg1 equation 564:571 Second order mathematical equation 538:571 Second order mathematical equation 538:571 Second order mathematical equation was constructed to predict the data through regression analysis. 27707645 1 15 theme industrial 163:172 arg1 waste 174:178 industrial waste 163:178 industrial waste of Musa balbisiana by ultrasound assisted citric acid mediated extraction method and optimization 163:276 The objectives of the present work are to extract pectin from industrial waste of Musa balbisiana by ultrasound assisted citric acid mediated extraction method and optimization was done through central composite statistical experimental design under response surface methodology. 27707645 0 16 theme assisted 11:18 arg1 acid 27:30 Ultrasound assisted citric acid 0:30 Ultrasound assisted citric acid 0:30 Ultrasound assisted citric acid mediated pectin extraction from industrial waste of Musa balbisiana. 27707645 2 17 theme study 402:406 arg1 outcomes 385:392 The outcomes 381:392 The outcomes of this study 381:406 The outcomes of this study exhibited that, process variables (ultrasound power, pH and extraction time) had considerable influence on the pectin extraction. 27707645 4 18 theme 27min 739:743 arg1 condition 669:677 The optimal extraction process condition 638:677 The optimal extraction process condition 638:677 The optimal extraction process condition was ultrasound power of 323w, pH of 3.2, extraction time of 27min and SL (solid-liquid) ratio of 1:15g/ml. 27707645 4 18 theme 27min 739:743 arg1 power 694:698 ultrasound power 683:698 ultrasound power of 323w 683:706 The optimal extraction process condition was ultrasound power of 323w, pH of 3.2, extraction time of 27min and SL (solid-liquid) ratio of 1:15g/ml. 27707645 4 18 theme 27min 739:743 arg1 time 731:734 extraction time 720:734 extraction time of 27min 720:743 The optimal extraction process condition was ultrasound power of 323w, pH of 3.2, extraction time of 27min and SL (solid-liquid) ratio of 1:15g/ml. 27707645 4 18 theme 27min 739:743 arg1 ratio 767:771 SL (solid-liquid) ratio 749:771 SL (solid-liquid) ratio of 1:15g/ml 749:783 The optimal extraction process condition was ultrasound power of 323w, pH of 3.2, extraction time of 27min and SL (solid-liquid) ratio of 1:15g/ml. 27707645 4 18 theme 27min 739:743 arg1 pH 709:710 pH 709:710 pH of 3.2 709:717 The optimal extraction process condition was ultrasound power of 323w, pH of 3.2, extraction time of 27min and SL (solid-liquid) ratio of 1:15g/ml. 27707645 5 19 dep fine 842:845 arg1 accord 847:852 accord 847:852 accord among predicted yield of pectin 847:884 The mean experimental yield of pectin (8.99±0.018%) was fine accord among predicted yield of pectin (9.02%). 27707645 5 19 dep fine 842:845 arg1 fine 842:845 fine 842:845 fine 842:845 The mean experimental yield of pectin (8.99±0.018%) was fine accord among predicted yield of pectin (9.02%). 27707645 5 19 dep fine 842:845 arg1 % 891:891 9.02% 887:891 9.02% 887:891 The mean experimental yield of pectin (8.99±0.018%) was fine accord among predicted yield of pectin (9.02%). 27707645 5 19 dep fine 842:845 arg1 yield 808:812 The mean experimental yield 786:812 The mean experimental yield of pectin (8.99±0.018%) 786:836 The mean experimental yield of pectin (8.99±0.018%) was fine accord among predicted yield of pectin (9.02%). 27707645 1 20 theme Musa 183:186 arg1 balbisiana 188:197 Musa balbisiana 183:197 Musa balbisiana 183:197 The objectives of the present work are to extract pectin from industrial waste of Musa balbisiana by ultrasound assisted citric acid mediated extraction method and optimization was done through central composite statistical experimental design under response surface methodology. 27707645 0 21 theme citric 20:25 arg1 acid 27:30 Ultrasound assisted citric acid 0:30 Ultrasound assisted citric acid 0:30 Ultrasound assisted citric acid mediated pectin extraction from industrial waste of Musa balbisiana. 27707645 4 22 theme SL 749:750 arg1 ratio 767:771 SL (solid-liquid) ratio 749:771 SL (solid-liquid) ratio of 1:15g/ml 749:783 The optimal extraction process condition was ultrasound power of 323w, pH of 3.2, extraction time of 27min and SL (solid-liquid) ratio of 1:15g/ml. 27707645 1 23 theme balbisiana 188:197 arg1 waste 174:178 industrial waste 163:178 industrial waste of Musa balbisiana by ultrasound assisted citric acid mediated extraction method and optimization 163:276 The objectives of the present work are to extract pectin from industrial waste of Musa balbisiana by ultrasound assisted citric acid mediated extraction method and optimization was done through central composite statistical experimental design under response surface methodology. 27707645 0 24 theme pectin 41:46 arg1 extraction 48:57 pectin extraction 41:57 pectin extraction from industrial waste of Musa balbisiana 41:98 Ultrasound assisted citric acid mediated pectin extraction from industrial waste of Musa balbisiana. 27707645 1 25 theme central 295:301 arg1 design 338:343 central composite statistical experimental design 295:343 central composite statistical experimental design under response surface methodology 295:378 The objectives of the present work are to extract pectin from industrial waste of Musa balbisiana by ultrasound assisted citric acid mediated extraction method and optimization was done through central composite statistical experimental design under response surface methodology. 27707645 4 26 theme optimal 642:648 arg1 condition 669:677 The optimal extraction process condition 638:677 The optimal extraction process condition 638:677 The optimal extraction process condition was ultrasound power of 323w, pH of 3.2, extraction time of 27min and SL (solid-liquid) ratio of 1:15g/ml. 27707645 4 26 theme optimal 642:648 arg1 power 694:698 ultrasound power 683:698 ultrasound power of 323w 683:706 The optimal extraction process condition was ultrasound power of 323w, pH of 3.2, extraction time of 27min and SL (solid-liquid) ratio of 1:15g/ml. 27707645 2 27 theme process 424:430 arg1 time 479:482 extraction time 468:482 extraction time 468:482 The outcomes of this study exhibited that, process variables (ultrasound power, pH and extraction time) had considerable influence on the pectin extraction. 27707645 2 27 theme process 424:430 arg1 pH 461:462 pH 461:462 pH 461:462 The outcomes of this study exhibited that, process variables (ultrasound power, pH and extraction time) had considerable influence on the pectin extraction. 27707645 2 27 theme process 424:430 arg1 variables 432:440 process variables 424:440 process variables (ultrasound power, pH and extraction time) 424:483 The outcomes of this study exhibited that, process variables (ultrasound power, pH and extraction time) had considerable influence on the pectin extraction. 27707645 2 27 theme process 424:430 arg1 power 454:458 ultrasound power 443:458 ultrasound power 443:458 The outcomes of this study exhibited that, process variables (ultrasound power, pH and extraction time) had considerable influence on the pectin extraction. 27707645 1 28 theme composite 303:311 arg1 design 338:343 central composite statistical experimental design 295:343 central composite statistical experimental design under response surface methodology 295:378 The objectives of the present work are to extract pectin from industrial waste of Musa balbisiana by ultrasound assisted citric acid mediated extraction method and optimization was done through central composite statistical experimental design under response surface methodology. 27707645 0 29 from waste 75:79 arg1 extraction 48:57 pectin extraction 41:57 pectin extraction from industrial waste of Musa balbisiana 41:98 Ultrasound assisted citric acid mediated pectin extraction from industrial waste of Musa balbisiana. 27707645 3 30 theme regression 617:626 arg1 analysis 628:635 regression analysis 617:635 regression analysis 617:635 Second order mathematical equation was constructed to predict the data through regression analysis. 27707645 2 31 contain had 485:487 arg1 time 479:482 extraction time 468:482 extraction time 468:482 The outcomes of this study exhibited that, process variables (ultrasound power, pH and extraction time) had considerable influence on the pectin extraction. 27707645 2 31 contain had 485:487 arg1 pH 461:462 pH 461:462 pH 461:462 The outcomes of this study exhibited that, process variables (ultrasound power, pH and extraction time) had considerable influence on the pectin extraction. 27707645 2 31 contain had 485:487 arg1 variables 432:440 process variables 424:440 process variables (ultrasound power, pH and extraction time) 424:483 The outcomes of this study exhibited that, process variables (ultrasound power, pH and extraction time) had considerable influence on the pectin extraction. 27707645 2 31 contain had 485:487 arg1 power 454:458 ultrasound power 443:458 ultrasound power 443:458 The outcomes of this study exhibited that, process variables (ultrasound power, pH and extraction time) had considerable influence on the pectin extraction. 27707645 2 31 contain had 485:487 arg2 influence 502:510 considerable influence 489:510 considerable influence 489:510 The outcomes of this study exhibited that, process variables (ultrasound power, pH and extraction time) had considerable influence on the pectin extraction. 27707645 1 32 theme ultrasound 202:211 arg1 method 254:259 ultrasound assisted citric acid mediated extraction method 202:259 ultrasound assisted citric acid mediated extraction method 202:259 The objectives of the present work are to extract pectin from industrial waste of Musa balbisiana by ultrasound assisted citric acid mediated extraction method and optimization was done through central composite statistical experimental design under response surface methodology. 27707645 2 33 theme extraction 468:477 arg1 variables 432:440 process variables 424:440 process variables (ultrasound power, pH and extraction time) 424:483 The outcomes of this study exhibited that, process variables (ultrasound power, pH and extraction time) had considerable influence on the pectin extraction. 27707645 2 33 theme extraction 468:477 arg1 time 479:482 extraction time 468:482 extraction time 468:482 The outcomes of this study exhibited that, process variables (ultrasound power, pH and extraction time) had considerable influence on the pectin extraction. 27707645 1 34 theme statistical 313:323 arg1 design 338:343 central composite statistical experimental design 295:343 central composite statistical experimental design under response surface methodology 295:378 The objectives of the present work are to extract pectin from industrial waste of Musa balbisiana by ultrasound assisted citric acid mediated extraction method and optimization was done through central composite statistical experimental design under response surface methodology. 27707645 5 35 theme pectin 817:822 arg1 accord 847:852 accord 847:852 accord among predicted yield of pectin 847:884 The mean experimental yield of pectin (8.99±0.018%) was fine accord among predicted yield of pectin (9.02%). 27707645 5 35 theme pectin 817:822 arg1 yield 808:812 The mean experimental yield 786:812 The mean experimental yield of pectin (8.99±0.018%) 786:836 The mean experimental yield of pectin (8.99±0.018%) was fine accord among predicted yield of pectin (9.02%). 27707645 5 35 theme pectin 817:822 arg1 % 891:891 9.02% 887:891 9.02% 887:891 The mean experimental yield of pectin (8.99±0.018%) was fine accord among predicted yield of pectin (9.02%). 27707645 5 35 theme pectin 817:822 arg1 fine 842:845 fine 842:845 fine 842:845 The mean experimental yield of pectin (8.99±0.018%) was fine accord among predicted yield of pectin (9.02%). 27707645 4 36 theme extraction 720:729 arg1 time 731:734 extraction time 720:734 extraction time of 27min 720:743 The optimal extraction process condition was ultrasound power of 323w, pH of 3.2, extraction time of 27min and SL (solid-liquid) ratio of 1:15g/ml. 27707645 5 37 theme mean 790:793 arg1 accord 847:852 accord 847:852 accord among predicted yield of pectin 847:884 The mean experimental yield of pectin (8.99±0.018%) was fine accord among predicted yield of pectin (9.02%). 27707645 5 37 theme mean 790:793 arg1 yield 808:812 The mean experimental yield 786:812 The mean experimental yield of pectin (8.99±0.018%) 786:836 The mean experimental yield of pectin (8.99±0.018%) was fine accord among predicted yield of pectin (9.02%). 27707645 5 37 theme mean 790:793 arg1 % 891:891 9.02% 887:891 9.02% 887:891 The mean experimental yield of pectin (8.99±0.018%) was fine accord among predicted yield of pectin (9.02%). 27707645 5 37 theme mean 790:793 arg1 fine 842:845 fine 842:845 fine 842:845 The mean experimental yield of pectin (8.99±0.018%) was fine accord among predicted yield of pectin (9.02%). 27707645 1 38 theme experimental 325:336 arg1 design 338:343 central composite statistical experimental design 295:343 central composite statistical experimental design under response surface methodology 295:378 The objectives of the present work are to extract pectin from industrial waste of Musa balbisiana by ultrasound assisted citric acid mediated extraction method and optimization was done through central composite statistical experimental design under response surface methodology. 27707645 2 39 dep variables 432:440 arg1 variables 432:440 process variables 424:440 process variables (ultrasound power, pH and extraction time) 424:483 The outcomes of this study exhibited that, process variables (ultrasound power, pH and extraction time) had considerable influence on the pectin extraction. 27707645 2 39 dep variables 432:440 arg1 pH 461:462 pH 461:462 pH 461:462 The outcomes of this study exhibited that, process variables (ultrasound power, pH and extraction time) had considerable influence on the pectin extraction. 27707645 2 39 dep variables 432:440 arg1 time 479:482 extraction time 468:482 extraction time 468:482 The outcomes of this study exhibited that, process variables (ultrasound power, pH and extraction time) had considerable influence on the pectin extraction. 27707645 2 39 dep variables 432:440 arg1 power 454:458 ultrasound power 443:458 ultrasound power 443:458 The outcomes of this study exhibited that, process variables (ultrasound power, pH and extraction time) had considerable influence on the pectin extraction. 27707645 1 40 theme present 123:129 arg1 work 131:134 the present work 119:134 the present work 119:134 The objectives of the present work are to extract pectin from industrial waste of Musa balbisiana by ultrasound assisted citric acid mediated extraction method and optimization was done through central composite statistical experimental design under response surface methodology. 27707645 1 41 theme assisted 213:220 arg1 method 254:259 ultrasound assisted citric acid mediated extraction method 202:259 ultrasound assisted citric acid mediated extraction method 202:259 The objectives of the present work are to extract pectin from industrial waste of Musa balbisiana by ultrasound assisted citric acid mediated extraction method and optimization was done through central composite statistical experimental design under response surface methodology. 27707645 4 42 theme 1:15g/ml 776:783 arg1 condition 669:677 The optimal extraction process condition 638:677 The optimal extraction process condition 638:677 The optimal extraction process condition was ultrasound power of 323w, pH of 3.2, extraction time of 27min and SL (solid-liquid) ratio of 1:15g/ml. 27707645 4 42 theme 1:15g/ml 776:783 arg1 power 694:698 ultrasound power 683:698 ultrasound power of 323w 683:706 The optimal extraction process condition was ultrasound power of 323w, pH of 3.2, extraction time of 27min and SL (solid-liquid) ratio of 1:15g/ml. 27707645 4 42 theme 1:15g/ml 776:783 arg1 time 731:734 extraction time 720:734 extraction time of 27min 720:743 The optimal extraction process condition was ultrasound power of 323w, pH of 3.2, extraction time of 27min and SL (solid-liquid) ratio of 1:15g/ml. 27707645 4 42 theme 1:15g/ml 776:783 arg1 ratio 767:771 SL (solid-liquid) ratio 749:771 SL (solid-liquid) ratio of 1:15g/ml 749:783 The optimal extraction process condition was ultrasound power of 323w, pH of 3.2, extraction time of 27min and SL (solid-liquid) ratio of 1:15g/ml. 27707645 4 42 theme 1:15g/ml 776:783 arg1 pH 709:710 pH 709:710 pH of 3.2 709:717 The optimal extraction process condition was ultrasound power of 323w, pH of 3.2, extraction time of 27min and SL (solid-liquid) ratio of 1:15g/ml. 27707645 1 43 theme work 131:134 arg1 objectives 105:114 The objectives 101:114 The objectives of the present work 101:134 The objectives of the present work are to extract pectin from industrial waste of Musa balbisiana by ultrasound assisted citric acid mediated extraction method and optimization was done through central composite statistical experimental design under response surface methodology. 27707645 1 44 theme citric 222:227 arg1 method 254:259 ultrasound assisted citric acid mediated extraction method 202:259 ultrasound assisted citric acid mediated extraction method 202:259 The objectives of the present work are to extract pectin from industrial waste of Musa balbisiana by ultrasound assisted citric acid mediated extraction method and optimization was done through central composite statistical experimental design under response surface methodology. 27707645 4 45 theme process 661:667 arg1 condition 669:677 The optimal extraction process condition 638:677 The optimal extraction process condition 638:677 The optimal extraction process condition was ultrasound power of 323w, pH of 3.2, extraction time of 27min and SL (solid-liquid) ratio of 1:15g/ml. 27707645 4 45 theme process 661:667 arg1 power 694:698 ultrasound power 683:698 ultrasound power of 323w 683:706 The optimal extraction process condition was ultrasound power of 323w, pH of 3.2, extraction time of 27min and SL (solid-liquid) ratio of 1:15g/ml. 27707645 5 46 theme predicted 860:868 arg1 yield 870:874 predicted yield 860:874 predicted yield of pectin 860:884 The mean experimental yield of pectin (8.99±0.018%) was fine accord among predicted yield of pectin (9.02%). 27707645 4 47 theme ultrasound 683:692 arg1 condition 669:677 The optimal extraction process condition 638:677 The optimal extraction process condition 638:677 The optimal extraction process condition was ultrasound power of 323w, pH of 3.2, extraction time of 27min and SL (solid-liquid) ratio of 1:15g/ml. 27707645 4 47 theme ultrasound 683:692 arg1 power 694:698 ultrasound power 683:698 ultrasound power of 323w 683:706 The optimal extraction process condition was ultrasound power of 323w, pH of 3.2, extraction time of 27min and SL (solid-liquid) ratio of 1:15g/ml. 27707645 1 48 theme acid 229:232 arg1 method 254:259 ultrasound assisted citric acid mediated extraction method 202:259 ultrasound assisted citric acid mediated extraction method 202:259 The objectives of the present work are to extract pectin from industrial waste of Musa balbisiana by ultrasound assisted citric acid mediated extraction method and optimization was done through central composite statistical experimental design under response surface methodology. 27707645 0 49 theme industrial 64:73 arg1 waste 75:79 industrial waste 64:79 industrial waste of Musa balbisiana 64:98 Ultrasound assisted citric acid mediated pectin extraction from industrial waste of Musa balbisiana. 27707645 2 50 theme ultrasound 443:452 arg1 variables 432:440 process variables 424:440 process variables (ultrasound power, pH and extraction time) 424:483 The outcomes of this study exhibited that, process variables (ultrasound power, pH and extraction time) had considerable influence on the pectin extraction. 27707645 2 50 theme ultrasound 443:452 arg1 power 454:458 ultrasound power 443:458 ultrasound power 443:458 The outcomes of this study exhibited that, process variables (ultrasound power, pH and extraction time) had considerable influence on the pectin extraction. 27707645 5 51 theme experimental 795:806 arg1 accord 847:852 accord 847:852 accord among predicted yield of pectin 847:884 The mean experimental yield of pectin (8.99±0.018%) was fine accord among predicted yield of pectin (9.02%). 27707645 5 51 theme experimental 795:806 arg1 yield 808:812 The mean experimental yield 786:812 The mean experimental yield of pectin (8.99±0.018%) 786:836 The mean experimental yield of pectin (8.99±0.018%) was fine accord among predicted yield of pectin (9.02%). 27707645 5 51 theme experimental 795:806 arg1 % 891:891 9.02% 887:891 9.02% 887:891 The mean experimental yield of pectin (8.99±0.018%) was fine accord among predicted yield of pectin (9.02%). 27707645 5 51 theme experimental 795:806 arg1 fine 842:845 fine 842:845 fine 842:845 The mean experimental yield of pectin (8.99±0.018%) was fine accord among predicted yield of pectin (9.02%). 27707645 1 52 theme mediated 234:241 arg1 method 254:259 ultrasound assisted citric acid mediated extraction method 202:259 ultrasound assisted citric acid mediated extraction method 202:259 The objectives of the present work are to extract pectin from industrial waste of Musa balbisiana by ultrasound assisted citric acid mediated extraction method and optimization was done through central composite statistical experimental design under response surface methodology. 28254289 2 0 theme therapeutic 457:467 arg1 effects 469:475 the combined therapeutic effects 444:475 the combined therapeutic effects of the composite scaffold to repair SCI rats 444:520 In this study, a composited treatment system was prepared using a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (SF/AGs/GDNF) scaffold seeded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and the combined therapeutic effects of the composite scaffold to repair SCI rats were evaluated. 28254289 8 1 theme beneficial 1433:1442 arg1 exploration 1444:1454 beneficial exploration 1433:1454 beneficial exploration 1433:1454 These results may provide a theoretical basis and beneficial exploration for clinical treatment of SCI. 28254289 8 2 theme SCI 1482:1484 arg1 treatment 1469:1477 clinical treatment 1460:1477 clinical treatment of SCI 1460:1484 These results may provide a theoretical basis and beneficial exploration for clinical treatment of SCI. 28254289 2 3 theme neurotrophic 331:342 arg1 SF/AGs/GDNF 352:362 SF/AGs/GDNF 352:362 SF/AGs/GDNF 352:362 In this study, a composited treatment system was prepared using a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (SF/AGs/GDNF) scaffold seeded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and the combined therapeutic effects of the composite scaffold to repair SCI rats were evaluated. 28254289 2 3 theme neurotrophic 331:342 arg1 factor 344:349 a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor 282:349 a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (SF/AGs/GDNF) scaffold seeded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) 282:438 In this study, a composited treatment system was prepared using a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (SF/AGs/GDNF) scaffold seeded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and the combined therapeutic effects of the composite scaffold to repair SCI rats were evaluated. 28254289 6 4 theme repair 1138:1143 arg1 effects 1145:1151 better therapeutic and repair effects 1115:1151 better therapeutic and repair effects 1115:1151 The combination of GDNF and hUCMSCs transplantation loaded on SF/AGs composite scaffolds exhibited better therapeutic and repair effects to the SCI of rats, compared with the SF/AGs group or GDNF alone on SF/AGs scaffolds. 28254289 0 5 theme composite 66:74 arg1 scaffolds 76:84 SF/AGs composite scaffolds 59:84 SF/AGs composite scaffolds for spinal cord injury repair 59:114 A combination of GDNF and hUCMSC transplantation loaded on SF/AGs composite scaffolds for spinal cord injury repair. 28254289 8 6 theme clinical 1460:1467 arg1 treatment 1469:1477 clinical treatment 1460:1477 clinical treatment of SCI 1460:1484 These results may provide a theoretical basis and beneficial exploration for clinical treatment of SCI. 28254289 4 7 theme GDNF 820:823 arg1 release 809:815 the controlled release 794:815 the controlled release of GDNF 794:823 The SF/AGs/GDNF scaffold had the best sustained-release function and the AGs were the key determining factor in the controlled release of GDNF. 28254289 2 8 theme line-derived 318:329 arg1 SF/AGs/GDNF 352:362 SF/AGs/GDNF 352:362 SF/AGs/GDNF 352:362 In this study, a composited treatment system was prepared using a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (SF/AGs/GDNF) scaffold seeded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and the combined therapeutic effects of the composite scaffold to repair SCI rats were evaluated. 28254289 2 8 theme line-derived 318:329 arg1 factor 344:349 a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor 282:349 a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (SF/AGs/GDNF) scaffold seeded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) 282:438 In this study, a composited treatment system was prepared using a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (SF/AGs/GDNF) scaffold seeded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and the combined therapeutic effects of the composite scaffold to repair SCI rats were evaluated. 28254289 0 9 theme spinal 90:95 arg1 injury 102:107 spinal cord injury 90:107 spinal cord injury repair 90:114 A combination of GDNF and hUCMSC transplantation loaded on SF/AGs composite scaffolds for spinal cord injury repair. 28254289 5 10 theme cord 957:960 arg1 tissue 962:967 spinal cord tissue 950:967 spinal cord tissue 950:967 After 8weeks of treatment, the hUCMSCs on SF/AGs/GDNF composite scaffolds could significantly enhance the scar expansion of spinal cord tissue and increased the number of surviving neurons. 28254289 2 11 theme treatment 246:254 arg1 system 256:261 a composited treatment system 233:261 a composited treatment system 233:261 In this study, a composited treatment system was prepared using a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (SF/AGs/GDNF) scaffold seeded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and the combined therapeutic effects of the composite scaffold to repair SCI rats were evaluated. 28254289 7 12 theme growth 1349:1354 arg1 micro-environment 1328:1344 the micro-environment 1324:1344 the micro-environment of growth and repair of the neurons 1324:1380 The composite scaffold, GDNF and stem cells could build a bioactive material to form the micro-environment of growth and repair of the neurons. 28254289 2 13 theme scaffold 494:501 arg1 effects 469:475 the combined therapeutic effects 444:475 the combined therapeutic effects of the composite scaffold to repair SCI rats 444:520 In this study, a composited treatment system was prepared using a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (SF/AGs/GDNF) scaffold seeded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and the combined therapeutic effects of the composite scaffold to repair SCI rats were evaluated. 28254289 4 14 theme best 715:718 arg1 function 738:745 the best sustained-release function 711:745 the best sustained-release function 711:745 The SF/AGs/GDNF scaffold had the best sustained-release function and the AGs were the key determining factor in the controlled release of GDNF. 28254289 6 15 theme SF/AGs 1221:1226 arg1 scaffolds 1228:1236 SF/AGs scaffolds 1221:1236 SF/AGs scaffolds 1221:1236 The combination of GDNF and hUCMSCs transplantation loaded on SF/AGs composite scaffolds exhibited better therapeutic and repair effects to the SCI of rats, compared with the SF/AGs group or GDNF alone on SF/AGs scaffolds. 28254289 2 16 theme composited 235:244 arg1 system 256:261 a composited treatment system 233:261 a composited treatment system 233:261 In this study, a composited treatment system was prepared using a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (SF/AGs/GDNF) scaffold seeded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and the combined therapeutic effects of the composite scaffold to repair SCI rats were evaluated. 28254289 5 17 theme composite 880:888 arg1 scaffolds 890:898 SF/AGs/GDNF composite scaffolds 868:898 SF/AGs/GDNF composite scaffolds 868:898 After 8weeks of treatment, the hUCMSCs on SF/AGs/GDNF composite scaffolds could significantly enhance the scar expansion of spinal cord tissue and increased the number of surviving neurons. 28254289 0 18 theme injury 102:107 arg1 repair 109:114 spinal cord injury repair 90:114 spinal cord injury repair 90:114 A combination of GDNF and hUCMSC transplantation loaded on SF/AGs composite scaffolds for spinal cord injury repair. 28254289 2 19 link line-derived 318:329 arg1 SF/AGs/GDNF 352:362 SF/AGs/GDNF 352:362 SF/AGs/GDNF 352:362 In this study, a composited treatment system was prepared using a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (SF/AGs/GDNF) scaffold seeded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and the combined therapeutic effects of the composite scaffold to repair SCI rats were evaluated. 28254289 2 19 link line-derived 318:329 arg1 factor 344:349 a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor 282:349 a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (SF/AGs/GDNF) scaffold seeded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) 282:438 In this study, a composited treatment system was prepared using a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (SF/AGs/GDNF) scaffold seeded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and the combined therapeutic effects of the composite scaffold to repair SCI rats were evaluated. 28254289 4 20 theme controlled 798:807 arg1 release 809:815 the controlled release 794:815 the controlled release of GDNF 794:823 The SF/AGs/GDNF scaffold had the best sustained-release function and the AGs were the key determining factor in the controlled release of GDNF. 28254289 6 21 theme transplantation 1052:1066 arg1 combination 1020:1030 The combination 1016:1030 The combination of GDNF and hUCMSCs transplantation loaded on SF/AGs composite scaffolds 1016:1103 The combination of GDNF and hUCMSCs transplantation loaded on SF/AGs composite scaffolds exhibited better therapeutic and repair effects to the SCI of rats, compared with the SF/AGs group or GDNF alone on SF/AGs scaffolds. 28254289 5 22 theme SF/AGs/GDNF 868:878 arg1 scaffolds 890:898 SF/AGs/GDNF composite scaffolds 868:898 SF/AGs/GDNF composite scaffolds 868:898 After 8weeks of treatment, the hUCMSCs on SF/AGs/GDNF composite scaffolds could significantly enhance the scar expansion of spinal cord tissue and increased the number of surviving neurons. 28254289 0 23 theme cord 97:100 arg1 injury 102:107 spinal cord injury 90:107 spinal cord injury repair 90:114 A combination of GDNF and hUCMSC transplantation loaded on SF/AGs composite scaffolds for spinal cord injury repair. 28254289 3 24 theme target 667:672 arg1 tissue 674:679 the target tissue 663:679 the target tissue 663:679 The use of SF as a scaffold material could act as a biomimetic platform allowing neurons to properly accommodate and rebuild the target tissue. 28254289 6 25 theme composite 1085:1093 arg1 scaffolds 1095:1103 SF/AGs composite scaffolds 1078:1103 SF/AGs composite scaffolds 1078:1103 The combination of GDNF and hUCMSCs transplantation loaded on SF/AGs composite scaffolds exhibited better therapeutic and repair effects to the SCI of rats, compared with the SF/AGs group or GDNF alone on SF/AGs scaffolds. 28254289 2 26 theme composite 484:492 arg1 scaffold 494:501 the composite scaffold 480:501 the composite scaffold to repair SCI rats 480:520 In this study, a composited treatment system was prepared using a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (SF/AGs/GDNF) scaffold seeded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and the combined therapeutic effects of the composite scaffold to repair SCI rats were evaluated. 28254289 2 27 theme combined 448:455 arg1 effects 469:475 the combined therapeutic effects 444:475 the combined therapeutic effects of the composite scaffold to repair SCI rats 444:520 In this study, a composited treatment system was prepared using a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (SF/AGs/GDNF) scaffold seeded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and the combined therapeutic effects of the composite scaffold to repair SCI rats were evaluated. 28254289 6 28 theme SF/AGs 1191:1196 arg1 group 1198:1202 the SF/AGs group 1187:1202 the SF/AGs group 1187:1202 The combination of GDNF and hUCMSCs transplantation loaded on SF/AGs composite scaffolds exhibited better therapeutic and repair effects to the SCI of rats, compared with the SF/AGs group or GDNF alone on SF/AGs scaffolds. 28254289 1 29 theme severe 147:152 arg1 trauma 154:159 a severe trauma 145:159 a severe trauma for which no effective treatment is currently available 145:215 Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe trauma for which no effective treatment is currently available. 28254289 1 29 theme severe 147:152 arg1 injury 129:134 Spinal cord injury 117:134 Spinal cord injury (SCI) 117:140 Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe trauma for which no effective treatment is currently available. 28254289 4 30 contain had 707:709 arg2 function 738:745 the best sustained-release function 711:745 the best sustained-release function 711:745 The SF/AGs/GDNF scaffold had the best sustained-release function and the AGs were the key determining factor in the controlled release of GDNF. 28254289 4 30 contain had 707:709 arg1 scaffold 698:705 The SF/AGs/GDNF scaffold 682:705 The SF/AGs/GDNF scaffold 682:705 The SF/AGs/GDNF scaffold had the best sustained-release function and the AGs were the key determining factor in the controlled release of GDNF. 28254289 5 31 from hUCMSCs 857:863 arg1 scaffolds 890:898 SF/AGs/GDNF composite scaffolds 868:898 SF/AGs/GDNF composite scaffolds 868:898 After 8weeks of treatment, the hUCMSCs on SF/AGs/GDNF composite scaffolds could significantly enhance the scar expansion of spinal cord tissue and increased the number of surviving neurons. 28254289 4 32 theme SF/AGs/GDNF 686:696 arg1 scaffold 698:705 The SF/AGs/GDNF scaffold 682:705 The SF/AGs/GDNF scaffold 682:705 The SF/AGs/GDNF scaffold had the best sustained-release function and the AGs were the key determining factor in the controlled release of GDNF. 28254289 7 33 theme stem 1272:1275 arg1 cells 1277:1281 stem cells 1272:1281 stem cells 1272:1281 The composite scaffold, GDNF and stem cells could build a bioactive material to form the micro-environment of growth and repair of the neurons. 28254289 2 34 theme stem 419:422 arg1 cells 424:428 human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells 386:428 human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) 386:438 In this study, a composited treatment system was prepared using a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (SF/AGs/GDNF) scaffold seeded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and the combined therapeutic effects of the composite scaffold to repair SCI rats were evaluated. 28254289 2 34 theme stem 419:422 arg1 hUCMSCs 431:437 hUCMSCs 431:437 hUCMSCs 431:437 In this study, a composited treatment system was prepared using a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (SF/AGs/GDNF) scaffold seeded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and the combined therapeutic effects of the composite scaffold to repair SCI rats were evaluated. 28254289 5 35 theme tissue 962:967 arg1 expansion 937:945 the scar expansion 928:945 the scar expansion of spinal cord tissue 928:967 After 8weeks of treatment, the hUCMSCs on SF/AGs/GDNF composite scaffolds could significantly enhance the scar expansion of spinal cord tissue and increased the number of surviving neurons. 28254289 6 36 theme therapeutic 1122:1132 arg1 effects 1145:1151 better therapeutic and repair effects 1115:1151 better therapeutic and repair effects 1115:1151 The combination of GDNF and hUCMSCs transplantation loaded on SF/AGs composite scaffolds exhibited better therapeutic and repair effects to the SCI of rats, compared with the SF/AGs group or GDNF alone on SF/AGs scaffolds. 28254289 2 37 theme cord 402:405 arg1 cells 424:428 human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells 386:428 human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) 386:438 In this study, a composited treatment system was prepared using a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (SF/AGs/GDNF) scaffold seeded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and the combined therapeutic effects of the composite scaffold to repair SCI rats were evaluated. 28254289 2 37 theme cord 402:405 arg1 hUCMSCs 431:437 hUCMSCs 431:437 hUCMSCs 431:437 In this study, a composited treatment system was prepared using a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (SF/AGs/GDNF) scaffold seeded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and the combined therapeutic effects of the composite scaffold to repair SCI rats were evaluated. 28254289 2 38 theme mesenchymal 407:417 arg1 cells 424:428 human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells 386:428 human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) 386:438 In this study, a composited treatment system was prepared using a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (SF/AGs/GDNF) scaffold seeded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and the combined therapeutic effects of the composite scaffold to repair SCI rats were evaluated. 28254289 2 38 theme mesenchymal 407:417 arg1 hUCMSCs 431:437 hUCMSCs 431:437 hUCMSCs 431:437 In this study, a composited treatment system was prepared using a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (SF/AGs/GDNF) scaffold seeded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and the combined therapeutic effects of the composite scaffold to repair SCI rats were evaluated. 28254289 3 39 theme biomimetic 590:599 arg1 platform 601:608 a biomimetic platform 588:608 a biomimetic platform allowing neurons 588:625 The use of SF as a scaffold material could act as a biomimetic platform allowing neurons to properly accommodate and rebuild the target tissue. 28254289 3 39 theme biomimetic 590:599 arg1 use 542:544 The use 538:544 The use of SF as a scaffold material 538:573 The use of SF as a scaffold material could act as a biomimetic platform allowing neurons to properly accommodate and rebuild the target tissue. 28254289 6 40 theme hUCMSCs 1044:1050 arg1 transplantation 1052:1066 hUCMSCs transplantation 1044:1066 hUCMSCs transplantation 1044:1066 The combination of GDNF and hUCMSCs transplantation loaded on SF/AGs composite scaffolds exhibited better therapeutic and repair effects to the SCI of rats, compared with the SF/AGs group or GDNF alone on SF/AGs scaffolds. 28254289 2 41 theme umbilical 392:400 arg1 cells 424:428 human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells 386:428 human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) 386:438 In this study, a composited treatment system was prepared using a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (SF/AGs/GDNF) scaffold seeded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and the combined therapeutic effects of the composite scaffold to repair SCI rats were evaluated. 28254289 2 41 theme umbilical 392:400 arg1 hUCMSCs 431:437 hUCMSCs 431:437 hUCMSCs 431:437 In this study, a composited treatment system was prepared using a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (SF/AGs/GDNF) scaffold seeded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and the combined therapeutic effects of the composite scaffold to repair SCI rats were evaluated. 28254289 0 42 theme hUCMSC 26:31 arg1 transplantation 33:47 hUCMSC transplantation 26:47 hUCMSC transplantation 26:47 A combination of GDNF and hUCMSC transplantation loaded on SF/AGs composite scaffolds for spinal cord injury repair. 28254289 2 43 theme SCI 513:515 arg1 rats 517:520 repair SCI rats 506:520 repair SCI rats 506:520 In this study, a composited treatment system was prepared using a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (SF/AGs/GDNF) scaffold seeded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and the combined therapeutic effects of the composite scaffold to repair SCI rats were evaluated. 28254289 7 44 theme composite 1243:1251 arg1 scaffold 1253:1260 The composite scaffold 1239:1260 The composite scaffold 1239:1260 The composite scaffold, GDNF and stem cells could build a bioactive material to form the micro-environment of growth and repair of the neurons. 28254289 4 45 theme determining 772:782 arg1 factor 784:789 the key determining factor 764:789 the key determining factor 764:789 The SF/AGs/GDNF scaffold had the best sustained-release function and the AGs were the key determining factor in the controlled release of GDNF. 28254289 4 45 theme determining 772:782 arg1 AGs 755:757 the AGs 751:757 the AGs 751:757 The SF/AGs/GDNF scaffold had the best sustained-release function and the AGs were the key determining factor in the controlled release of GDNF. 28254289 2 46 theme human 386:390 arg1 cells 424:428 human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells 386:428 human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) 386:438 In this study, a composited treatment system was prepared using a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (SF/AGs/GDNF) scaffold seeded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and the combined therapeutic effects of the composite scaffold to repair SCI rats were evaluated. 28254289 2 46 theme human 386:390 arg1 hUCMSCs 431:437 hUCMSCs 431:437 hUCMSCs 431:437 In this study, a composited treatment system was prepared using a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (SF/AGs/GDNF) scaffold seeded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and the combined therapeutic effects of the composite scaffold to repair SCI rats were evaluated. 28254289 2 47 theme repair 506:511 arg1 rats 517:520 repair SCI rats 506:520 repair SCI rats 506:520 In this study, a composited treatment system was prepared using a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (SF/AGs/GDNF) scaffold seeded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and the combined therapeutic effects of the composite scaffold to repair SCI rats were evaluated. 28254289 0 48 theme GDNF 17:20 arg1 combination 2:12 A combination 0:12 A combination of GDNF and hUCMSC transplantation 0:47 A combination of GDNF and hUCMSC transplantation loaded on SF/AGs composite scaffolds for spinal cord injury repair. 28254289 1 49 theme effective 174:182 arg1 treatment 184:192 no effective treatment 171:192 no effective treatment 171:192 Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe trauma for which no effective treatment is currently available. 28254289 8 50 theme theoretical 1411:1421 arg1 basis 1423:1427 a theoretical basis 1409:1427 a theoretical basis 1409:1427 These results may provide a theoretical basis and beneficial exploration for clinical treatment of SCI. 28254289 5 51 theme scar 932:935 arg1 expansion 937:945 the scar expansion 928:945 the scar expansion of spinal cord tissue 928:967 After 8weeks of treatment, the hUCMSCs on SF/AGs/GDNF composite scaffolds could significantly enhance the scar expansion of spinal cord tissue and increased the number of surviving neurons. 28254289 4 52 from factor 784:789 arg1 release 809:815 the controlled release 794:815 the controlled release of GDNF 794:823 The SF/AGs/GDNF scaffold had the best sustained-release function and the AGs were the key determining factor in the controlled release of GDNF. 28254289 2 53 theme cell 313:316 arg1 SF/AGs/GDNF 352:362 SF/AGs/GDNF 352:362 SF/AGs/GDNF 352:362 In this study, a composited treatment system was prepared using a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (SF/AGs/GDNF) scaffold seeded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and the combined therapeutic effects of the composite scaffold to repair SCI rats were evaluated. 28254289 2 53 theme cell 313:316 arg1 factor 344:349 a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor 282:349 a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (SF/AGs/GDNF) scaffold seeded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) 282:438 In this study, a composited treatment system was prepared using a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (SF/AGs/GDNF) scaffold seeded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and the combined therapeutic effects of the composite scaffold to repair SCI rats were evaluated. 28254289 0 54 theme transplantation 33:47 arg1 combination 2:12 A combination 0:12 A combination of GDNF and hUCMSC transplantation 0:47 A combination of GDNF and hUCMSC transplantation loaded on SF/AGs composite scaffolds for spinal cord injury repair. 28254289 5 55 theme surviving 997:1005 arg1 neurons 1007:1013 surviving neurons 997:1013 surviving neurons 997:1013 After 8weeks of treatment, the hUCMSCs on SF/AGs/GDNF composite scaffolds could significantly enhance the scar expansion of spinal cord tissue and increased the number of surviving neurons. 28254289 3 56 theme SF 549:550 arg1 platform 601:608 a biomimetic platform 588:608 a biomimetic platform allowing neurons 588:625 The use of SF as a scaffold material could act as a biomimetic platform allowing neurons to properly accommodate and rebuild the target tissue. 28254289 3 56 theme SF 549:550 arg1 use 542:544 The use 538:544 The use of SF as a scaffold material 538:573 The use of SF as a scaffold material could act as a biomimetic platform allowing neurons to properly accommodate and rebuild the target tissue. 28254289 2 57 theme fibroin/alginates/glial 289:311 arg1 SF/AGs/GDNF 352:362 SF/AGs/GDNF 352:362 SF/AGs/GDNF 352:362 In this study, a composited treatment system was prepared using a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (SF/AGs/GDNF) scaffold seeded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and the combined therapeutic effects of the composite scaffold to repair SCI rats were evaluated. 28254289 2 57 theme fibroin/alginates/glial 289:311 arg1 factor 344:349 a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor 282:349 a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (SF/AGs/GDNF) scaffold seeded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) 282:438 In this study, a composited treatment system was prepared using a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (SF/AGs/GDNF) scaffold seeded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and the combined therapeutic effects of the composite scaffold to repair SCI rats were evaluated. 28254289 7 58 theme neurons 1374:1380 arg1 repair 1360:1365 repair 1360:1365 repair 1360:1365 The composite scaffold, GDNF and stem cells could build a bioactive material to form the micro-environment of growth and repair of the neurons. 28254289 7 58 theme neurons 1374:1380 arg1 growth 1349:1354 growth 1349:1354 growth 1349:1354 The composite scaffold, GDNF and stem cells could build a bioactive material to form the micro-environment of growth and repair of the neurons. 28254289 5 59 theme neurons 1007:1013 arg1 number 987:992 the number 983:992 the number of surviving neurons 983:1013 After 8weeks of treatment, the hUCMSCs on SF/AGs/GDNF composite scaffolds could significantly enhance the scar expansion of spinal cord tissue and increased the number of surviving neurons. 28254289 5 60 theme spinal 950:955 arg1 tissue 962:967 spinal cord tissue 950:967 spinal cord tissue 950:967 After 8weeks of treatment, the hUCMSCs on SF/AGs/GDNF composite scaffolds could significantly enhance the scar expansion of spinal cord tissue and increased the number of surviving neurons. 28254289 4 61 theme key 768:770 arg1 factor 784:789 the key determining factor 764:789 the key determining factor 764:789 The SF/AGs/GDNF scaffold had the best sustained-release function and the AGs were the key determining factor in the controlled release of GDNF. 28254289 4 61 theme key 768:770 arg1 AGs 755:757 the AGs 751:757 the AGs 751:757 The SF/AGs/GDNF scaffold had the best sustained-release function and the AGs were the key determining factor in the controlled release of GDNF. 28254289 1 62 theme Spinal 117:122 arg1 trauma 154:159 a severe trauma 145:159 a severe trauma for which no effective treatment is currently available 145:215 Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe trauma for which no effective treatment is currently available. 28254289 1 62 theme Spinal 117:122 arg1 SCI 137:139 SCI 137:139 SCI 137:139 Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe trauma for which no effective treatment is currently available. 28254289 1 62 theme Spinal 117:122 arg1 injury 129:134 Spinal cord injury 117:134 Spinal cord injury (SCI) 117:140 Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe trauma for which no effective treatment is currently available. 28254289 6 63 theme SF/AGs 1078:1083 arg1 scaffolds 1095:1103 SF/AGs composite scaffolds 1078:1103 SF/AGs composite scaffolds 1078:1103 The combination of GDNF and hUCMSCs transplantation loaded on SF/AGs composite scaffolds exhibited better therapeutic and repair effects to the SCI of rats, compared with the SF/AGs group or GDNF alone on SF/AGs scaffolds. 28254289 7 64 theme repair 1360:1365 arg1 micro-environment 1328:1344 the micro-environment 1324:1344 the micro-environment of growth and repair of the neurons 1324:1380 The composite scaffold, GDNF and stem cells could build a bioactive material to form the micro-environment of growth and repair of the neurons. 28254289 4 65 theme sustained-release 720:736 arg1 function 738:745 the best sustained-release function 711:745 the best sustained-release function 711:745 The SF/AGs/GDNF scaffold had the best sustained-release function and the AGs were the key determining factor in the controlled release of GDNF. 28254289 1 66 theme cord 124:127 arg1 trauma 154:159 a severe trauma 145:159 a severe trauma for which no effective treatment is currently available 145:215 Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe trauma for which no effective treatment is currently available. 28254289 1 66 theme cord 124:127 arg1 SCI 137:139 SCI 137:139 SCI 137:139 Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe trauma for which no effective treatment is currently available. 28254289 1 66 theme cord 124:127 arg1 injury 129:134 Spinal cord injury 117:134 Spinal cord injury (SCI) 117:140 Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe trauma for which no effective treatment is currently available. 28254289 2 67 theme silk 284:287 arg1 SF/AGs/GDNF 352:362 SF/AGs/GDNF 352:362 SF/AGs/GDNF 352:362 In this study, a composited treatment system was prepared using a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (SF/AGs/GDNF) scaffold seeded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and the combined therapeutic effects of the composite scaffold to repair SCI rats were evaluated. 28254289 2 67 theme silk 284:287 arg1 factor 344:349 a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor 282:349 a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (SF/AGs/GDNF) scaffold seeded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) 282:438 In this study, a composited treatment system was prepared using a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (SF/AGs/GDNF) scaffold seeded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and the combined therapeutic effects of the composite scaffold to repair SCI rats were evaluated. 28254289 0 68 theme SF/AGs 59:64 arg1 scaffolds 76:84 SF/AGs composite scaffolds 59:84 SF/AGs composite scaffolds for spinal cord injury repair 59:114 A combination of GDNF and hUCMSC transplantation loaded on SF/AGs composite scaffolds for spinal cord injury repair. 28254289 3 69 theme scaffold 557:564 arg1 material 566:573 a scaffold material 555:573 a scaffold material 555:573 The use of SF as a scaffold material could act as a biomimetic platform allowing neurons to properly accommodate and rebuild the target tissue. 28254289 5 70 theme treatment 842:850 arg1 8weeks 832:837 8weeks 832:837 8weeks of treatment 832:850 After 8weeks of treatment, the hUCMSCs on SF/AGs/GDNF composite scaffolds could significantly enhance the scar expansion of spinal cord tissue and increased the number of surviving neurons. 28254289 6 71 theme GDNF 1035:1038 arg1 combination 1020:1030 The combination 1016:1030 The combination of GDNF and hUCMSCs transplantation loaded on SF/AGs composite scaffolds 1016:1103 The combination of GDNF and hUCMSCs transplantation loaded on SF/AGs composite scaffolds exhibited better therapeutic and repair effects to the SCI of rats, compared with the SF/AGs group or GDNF alone on SF/AGs scaffolds. 28254289 7 72 theme bioactive 1297:1305 arg1 material 1307:1314 a bioactive material 1295:1314 a bioactive material to form the micro-environment of growth and repair of the neurons 1295:1380 The composite scaffold, GDNF and stem cells could build a bioactive material to form the micro-environment of growth and repair of the neurons. 28254289 2 73 theme factor 344:349 arg1 scaffold 365:372 a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (SF/AGs/GDNF) scaffold 282:372 a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (SF/AGs/GDNF) scaffold seeded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) 282:438 In this study, a composited treatment system was prepared using a silk fibroin/alginates/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (SF/AGs/GDNF) scaffold seeded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and the combined therapeutic effects of the composite scaffold to repair SCI rats were evaluated. 27561534 7 0 theme energy 1077:1082 arg1 implantation 1088:1099 low energy ion implantation 1073:1099 low energy ion implantation 1073:1099 Hence, low energy ion implantation tunes the mechanical property, surface roughness and further induces the formation of nano structures. 27561534 3 1 theme mechanical 618:627 arg1 properties 629:638 the luminescent, thermal and mechanical properties 589:638 the luminescent, thermal and mechanical properties of the samples 589:653 In addition to these structural changes, the implantation significantly modified the luminescent, thermal and mechanical properties of the samples. 27561534 1 2 theme polyvinyl 150:158 arg1 PVA 169:171 PVA 169:171 PVA 169:171 Novel Cellulose (Cel) reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-Silica (Si) composite which has good stability and in vitro degradation was prepared by lyophilization technique and implanted using N(3+) ions of energy 24keV in the fluences of 1×10(15), 5×10(15) and 1×10(16)ions/cm(2). 27561534 1 2 theme polyvinyl 150:158 arg1 alcohol 160:166 polyvinyl alcohol 150:166 polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-Silica (Si) composite which has good stability 150:219 Novel Cellulose (Cel) reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-Silica (Si) composite which has good stability and in vitro degradation was prepared by lyophilization technique and implanted using N(3+) ions of energy 24keV in the fluences of 1×10(15), 5×10(15) and 1×10(16)ions/cm(2). 27561534 5 3 theme hydrogen 966:973 arg1 passivation 975:985 hydrogen passivation 966:985 hydrogen passivation 966:985 The photoluminescence of the native cellulose has improved greatly due to defect site, dangling bonds and hydrogen passivation. 27561534 0 4 theme polyvinyl 79:87 arg1 alcohol 89:95 polyvinyl alcohol 79:95 polyvinyl alcohol 79:95 Surface stiffening and enhanced photoluminescence of ion implanted cellulose - polyvinyl alcohol - silica composite. 27561534 2 5 theme surface 469:475 arg1 roughness 477:485 the surface roughness 465:485 the surface roughness on ion implantation 465:505 SEM analysis revealed the formation of microstructures, and improved the surface roughness on ion implantation. 27561534 7 6 theme mechanical 1111:1120 arg1 property 1122:1129 the mechanical property 1107:1129 the mechanical property 1107:1129 Hence, low energy ion implantation tunes the mechanical property, surface roughness and further induces the formation of nano structures. 27561534 7 6 theme mechanical 1111:1120 arg1 roughness 1140:1148 surface roughness 1132:1148 surface roughness 1132:1148 Hence, low energy ion implantation tunes the mechanical property, surface roughness and further induces the formation of nano structures. 27561534 10 7 theme bone 1553:1556 arg1 engineering 1565:1575 bone tissue engineering 1553:1575 bone tissue engineering 1553:1575 These properties will enable the scaffolds to be ideal for bone tissue engineering and imaging applications. 27561534 1 8 theme in 225:226 arg1 degradation 234:244 in vitro degradation 225:244 in vitro degradation 225:244 Novel Cellulose (Cel) reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-Silica (Si) composite which has good stability and in vitro degradation was prepared by lyophilization technique and implanted using N(3+) ions of energy 24keV in the fluences of 1×10(15), 5×10(15) and 1×10(16)ions/cm(2). 27561534 0 9 theme silica 99:104 arg1 composite 106:114 silica composite 99:114 silica composite 99:114 Surface stiffening and enhanced photoluminescence of ion implanted cellulose - polyvinyl alcohol - silica composite. 27561534 8 10 theme implantation 1275:1286 arg1 attachment 1306:1315 the cell attachment 1297:1315 the cell attachment 1297:1315 MG63 cells seeded onto the scaffolds reveals that with the increase in implantation fluence, the cell attachment, viability and proliferation have improved greatly compared to pristine. 27561534 8 10 theme implantation 1275:1286 arg1 fluence 1288:1294 implantation fluence 1275:1294 implantation fluence 1275:1294 MG63 cells seeded onto the scaffolds reveals that with the increase in implantation fluence, the cell attachment, viability and proliferation have improved greatly compared to pristine. 27561534 9 11 theme growth 1414:1419 arg1 enhancement 1394:1404 The enhancement 1390:1404 The enhancement of cell growth of about 59% 1390:1432 The enhancement of cell growth of about 59% was observed in the implanted samples compared to pristine. 27561534 7 12 theme low 1073:1075 arg1 implantation 1088:1099 low energy ion implantation 1073:1099 low energy ion implantation 1073:1099 Hence, low energy ion implantation tunes the mechanical property, surface roughness and further induces the formation of nano structures. 27561534 3 13 theme thermal 606:612 arg1 properties 629:638 the luminescent, thermal and mechanical properties 589:638 the luminescent, thermal and mechanical properties of the samples 589:653 In addition to these structural changes, the implantation significantly modified the luminescent, thermal and mechanical properties of the samples. 27561534 7 14 theme ion 1084:1086 arg1 implantation 1088:1099 low energy ion implantation 1073:1099 low energy ion implantation 1073:1099 Hence, low energy ion implantation tunes the mechanical property, surface roughness and further induces the formation of nano structures. 27561534 8 15 theme MG63 1204:1207 arg1 cells 1209:1213 MG63 cells 1204:1213 MG63 cells seeded onto the scaffolds 1204:1239 MG63 cells seeded onto the scaffolds reveals that with the increase in implantation fluence, the cell attachment, viability and proliferation have improved greatly compared to pristine. 27561534 6 16 theme ion 1017:1019 arg1 samples 1031:1037 the ion implanted samples 1013:1037 the ion implanted samples 1013:1037 Electric conductivity of the ion implanted samples was improved by about 25%. 27561534 1 17 theme 15 368:369 arg1 fluences 341:348 the fluences 337:348 the fluences of 1×10(15), 5×10(15) and 1×10(16)ions/cm(2) 337:393 Novel Cellulose (Cel) reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-Silica (Si) composite which has good stability and in vitro degradation was prepared by lyophilization technique and implanted using N(3+) ions of energy 24keV in the fluences of 1×10(15), 5×10(15) and 1×10(16)ions/cm(2). 27561534 4 18 theme elastic 660:666 arg1 modulus 668:674 The elastic modulus 656:674 The elastic modulus of the implanted samples 656:699 The elastic modulus of the implanted samples has increased by about 50 times compared to the pristine which confirms that the stiffness of the sample surface has increased remarkably on ion implantation. 27561534 9 19 located observed 1438:1445 arg1 samples 1464:1470 the implanted samples 1450:1470 the implanted samples 1450:1470 The enhancement of cell growth of about 59% was observed in the implanted samples compared to pristine. 27561534 9 19 located observed 1438:1445 arg2 enhancement 1394:1404 The enhancement 1390:1404 The enhancement of cell growth of about 59% 1390:1432 The enhancement of cell growth of about 59% was observed in the implanted samples compared to pristine. 27561534 1 20 theme energy 321:326 arg1 24keV 328:332 energy 24keV 321:332 energy 24keV 321:332 Novel Cellulose (Cel) reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-Silica (Si) composite which has good stability and in vitro degradation was prepared by lyophilization technique and implanted using N(3+) ions of energy 24keV in the fluences of 1×10(15), 5×10(15) and 1×10(16)ions/cm(2). 27561534 8 21 from increase 1263:1270 arg1 attachment 1306:1315 the cell attachment 1297:1315 the cell attachment 1297:1315 MG63 cells seeded onto the scaffolds reveals that with the increase in implantation fluence, the cell attachment, viability and proliferation have improved greatly compared to pristine. 27561534 8 21 from increase 1263:1270 arg1 fluence 1288:1294 implantation fluence 1275:1294 implantation fluence 1275:1294 MG63 cells seeded onto the scaffolds reveals that with the increase in implantation fluence, the cell attachment, viability and proliferation have improved greatly compared to pristine. 27561534 1 22 theme 24keV 328:332 arg1 ions 313:316 N(3+) ions 307:316 N(3+) ions of energy 24keV 307:332 Novel Cellulose (Cel) reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-Silica (Si) composite which has good stability and in vitro degradation was prepared by lyophilization technique and implanted using N(3+) ions of energy 24keV in the fluences of 1×10(15), 5×10(15) and 1×10(16)ions/cm(2). 27561534 2 23 theme ion 490:492 arg1 implantation 494:505 ion implantation 490:505 ion implantation 490:505 SEM analysis revealed the formation of microstructures, and improved the surface roughness on ion implantation. 27561534 3 24 theme structural 529:538 arg1 changes 540:546 these structural changes 523:546 these structural changes 523:546 In addition to these structural changes, the implantation significantly modified the luminescent, thermal and mechanical properties of the samples. 27561534 9 25 theme % 1432:1432 arg1 growth 1414:1419 cell growth 1409:1419 cell growth of about 59% 1409:1432 The enhancement of cell growth of about 59% was observed in the implanted samples compared to pristine. 27561534 7 26 theme nano 1187:1190 arg1 structures 1192:1201 nano structures 1187:1201 nano structures 1187:1201 Hence, low energy ion implantation tunes the mechanical property, surface roughness and further induces the formation of nano structures. 27561534 0 27 theme Surface 0:6 arg1 stiffening 8:17 Surface stiffening 0:17 Surface stiffening 0:17 Surface stiffening and enhanced photoluminescence of ion implanted cellulose - polyvinyl alcohol - silica composite. 27561534 7 28 theme structures 1192:1201 arg1 formation 1174:1182 the formation 1170:1182 the formation of nano structures 1170:1201 Hence, low energy ion implantation tunes the mechanical property, surface roughness and further induces the formation of nano structures. 27561534 0 29 theme enhanced 23:30 arg1 photoluminescence 32:48 enhanced photoluminescence 23:48 enhanced photoluminescence 23:48 Surface stiffening and enhanced photoluminescence of ion implanted cellulose - polyvinyl alcohol - silica composite. 27561534 4 30 theme implanted 683:691 arg1 samples 693:699 the implanted samples 679:699 the implanted samples 679:699 The elastic modulus of the implanted samples has increased by about 50 times compared to the pristine which confirms that the stiffness of the sample surface has increased remarkably on ion implantation. 27561534 6 31 theme samples 1031:1037 arg1 conductivity 997:1008 Electric conductivity 988:1008 Electric conductivity of the ion implanted samples 988:1037 Electric conductivity of the ion implanted samples was improved by about 25%. 27561534 2 32 from roughness 477:485 arg1 implantation 494:505 ion implantation 490:505 ion implantation 490:505 SEM analysis revealed the formation of microstructures, and improved the surface roughness on ion implantation. 27561534 6 33 theme implanted 1021:1029 arg1 samples 1031:1037 the ion implanted samples 1013:1037 the ion implanted samples 1013:1037 Electric conductivity of the ion implanted samples was improved by about 25%. 27561534 9 34 theme cell 1409:1412 arg1 growth 1414:1419 cell growth 1409:1419 cell growth of about 59% 1409:1432 The enhancement of cell growth of about 59% was observed in the implanted samples compared to pristine. 27561534 8 35 theme cell 1301:1304 arg1 attachment 1306:1315 the cell attachment 1297:1315 the cell attachment 1297:1315 MG63 cells seeded onto the scaffolds reveals that with the increase in implantation fluence, the cell attachment, viability and proliferation have improved greatly compared to pristine. 27561534 8 35 theme cell 1301:1304 arg1 fluence 1288:1294 implantation fluence 1275:1294 implantation fluence 1275:1294 MG63 cells seeded onto the scaffolds reveals that with the increase in implantation fluence, the cell attachment, viability and proliferation have improved greatly compared to pristine. 27561534 1 36 theme lyophilization 262:275 arg1 technique 277:285 lyophilization technique 262:285 lyophilization technique 262:285 Novel Cellulose (Cel) reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-Silica (Si) composite which has good stability and in vitro degradation was prepared by lyophilization technique and implanted using N(3+) ions of energy 24keV in the fluences of 1×10(15), 5×10(15) and 1×10(16)ions/cm(2). 27561534 4 37 theme surface 806:812 arg1 stiffness 782:790 the stiffness 778:790 the stiffness of the sample surface 778:812 The elastic modulus of the implanted samples has increased by about 50 times compared to the pristine which confirms that the stiffness of the sample surface has increased remarkably on ion implantation. 27561534 5 38 theme dangling 947:954 arg1 bonds 956:960 dangling bonds 947:960 dangling bonds 947:960 The photoluminescence of the native cellulose has improved greatly due to defect site, dangling bonds and hydrogen passivation. 27561534 5 39 theme cellulose 896:904 arg1 photoluminescence 864:880 The photoluminescence 860:880 The photoluminescence of the native cellulose 860:904 The photoluminescence of the native cellulose has improved greatly due to defect site, dangling bonds and hydrogen passivation. 27561534 4 40 theme sample 799:804 arg1 surface 806:812 the sample surface 795:812 the sample surface 795:812 The elastic modulus of the implanted samples has increased by about 50 times compared to the pristine which confirms that the stiffness of the sample surface has increased remarkably on ion implantation. 27561534 4 41 theme samples 693:699 arg1 modulus 668:674 The elastic modulus 656:674 The elastic modulus of the implanted samples 656:699 The elastic modulus of the implanted samples has increased by about 50 times compared to the pristine which confirms that the stiffness of the sample surface has increased remarkably on ion implantation. 27561534 1 42 theme composite 186:194 arg1 PVA 169:171 PVA 169:171 PVA 169:171 Novel Cellulose (Cel) reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-Silica (Si) composite which has good stability and in vitro degradation was prepared by lyophilization technique and implanted using N(3+) ions of energy 24keV in the fluences of 1×10(15), 5×10(15) and 1×10(16)ions/cm(2). 27561534 1 42 theme composite 186:194 arg1 alcohol 160:166 polyvinyl alcohol 150:166 polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-Silica (Si) composite which has good stability 150:219 Novel Cellulose (Cel) reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-Silica (Si) composite which has good stability and in vitro degradation was prepared by lyophilization technique and implanted using N(3+) ions of energy 24keV in the fluences of 1×10(15), 5×10(15) and 1×10(16)ions/cm(2). 27561534 0 43 theme implanted 57:65 arg1 cellulose 67:75 ion implanted cellulose 53:75 ion implanted cellulose 53:75 Surface stiffening and enhanced photoluminescence of ion implanted cellulose - polyvinyl alcohol - silica composite. 27561534 2 44 theme SEM 396:398 arg1 analysis 400:407 SEM analysis 396:407 SEM analysis 396:407 SEM analysis revealed the formation of microstructures, and improved the surface roughness on ion implantation. 27561534 4 45 theme ion 842:844 arg1 implantation 846:857 ion implantation 842:857 ion implantation 842:857 The elastic modulus of the implanted samples has increased by about 50 times compared to the pristine which confirms that the stiffness of the sample surface has increased remarkably on ion implantation. 27561534 1 46 contain has 202:204 arg2 stability 211:219 good stability 206:219 good stability 206:219 Novel Cellulose (Cel) reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-Silica (Si) composite which has good stability and in vitro degradation was prepared by lyophilization technique and implanted using N(3+) ions of energy 24keV in the fluences of 1×10(15), 5×10(15) and 1×10(16)ions/cm(2). 27561534 1 46 contain has 202:204 arg1 PVA 169:171 PVA 169:171 PVA 169:171 Novel Cellulose (Cel) reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-Silica (Si) composite which has good stability and in vitro degradation was prepared by lyophilization technique and implanted using N(3+) ions of energy 24keV in the fluences of 1×10(15), 5×10(15) and 1×10(16)ions/cm(2). 27561534 1 46 contain has 202:204 arg1 alcohol 160:166 polyvinyl alcohol 150:166 polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-Silica (Si) composite which has good stability 150:219 Novel Cellulose (Cel) reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-Silica (Si) composite which has good stability and in vitro degradation was prepared by lyophilization technique and implanted using N(3+) ions of energy 24keV in the fluences of 1×10(15), 5×10(15) and 1×10(16)ions/cm(2). 27561534 3 47 theme luminescent 593:603 arg1 properties 629:638 the luminescent, thermal and mechanical properties 589:638 the luminescent, thermal and mechanical properties of the samples 589:653 In addition to these structural changes, the implantation significantly modified the luminescent, thermal and mechanical properties of the samples. 27561534 1 48 theme Novel 117:121 arg1 Cel 134:136 Cel 134:136 Cel 134:136 Novel Cellulose (Cel) reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-Silica (Si) composite which has good stability and in vitro degradation was prepared by lyophilization technique and implanted using N(3+) ions of energy 24keV in the fluences of 1×10(15), 5×10(15) and 1×10(16)ions/cm(2). 27561534 1 48 theme Novel 117:121 arg1 Cellulose 123:131 Novel Cellulose 117:131 Novel Cellulose (Cel) 117:137 Novel Cellulose (Cel) reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-Silica (Si) composite which has good stability and in vitro degradation was prepared by lyophilization technique and implanted using N(3+) ions of energy 24keV in the fluences of 1×10(15), 5×10(15) and 1×10(16)ions/cm(2). 27561534 0 49 theme ion 53:55 arg1 cellulose 67:75 ion implanted cellulose 53:75 ion implanted cellulose 53:75 Surface stiffening and enhanced photoluminescence of ion implanted cellulose - polyvinyl alcohol - silica composite. 27561534 3 50 theme samples 647:653 arg1 properties 629:638 the luminescent, thermal and mechanical properties 589:638 the luminescent, thermal and mechanical properties of the samples 589:653 In addition to these structural changes, the implantation significantly modified the luminescent, thermal and mechanical properties of the samples. 27561534 10 51 theme tissue 1558:1563 arg1 engineering 1565:1575 bone tissue engineering 1553:1575 bone tissue engineering 1553:1575 These properties will enable the scaffolds to be ideal for bone tissue engineering and imaging applications. 27561534 2 52 theme microstructures 435:449 arg1 formation 422:430 the formation 418:430 the formation of microstructures 418:449 SEM analysis revealed the formation of microstructures, and improved the surface roughness on ion implantation. 27561534 9 53 theme implanted 1454:1462 arg1 samples 1464:1470 the implanted samples 1450:1470 the implanted samples 1450:1470 The enhancement of cell growth of about 59% was observed in the implanted samples compared to pristine. 27561534 7 54 theme surface 1132:1138 arg1 property 1122:1129 the mechanical property 1107:1129 the mechanical property 1107:1129 Hence, low energy ion implantation tunes the mechanical property, surface roughness and further induces the formation of nano structures. 27561534 7 54 theme surface 1132:1138 arg1 roughness 1140:1148 surface roughness 1132:1148 surface roughness 1132:1148 Hence, low energy ion implantation tunes the mechanical property, surface roughness and further induces the formation of nano structures. 27561534 10 55 theme imaging 1581:1587 arg1 applications 1589:1600 imaging applications 1581:1600 imaging applications 1581:1600 These properties will enable the scaffolds to be ideal for bone tissue engineering and imaging applications. 27561534 1 56 theme 15 358:359 arg1 fluences 341:348 the fluences 337:348 the fluences of 1×10(15), 5×10(15) and 1×10(16)ions/cm(2) 337:393 Novel Cellulose (Cel) reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-Silica (Si) composite which has good stability and in vitro degradation was prepared by lyophilization technique and implanted using N(3+) ions of energy 24keV in the fluences of 1×10(15), 5×10(15) and 1×10(16)ions/cm(2). 27561534 1 57 theme 2 392:392 arg1 fluences 341:348 the fluences 337:348 the fluences of 1×10(15), 5×10(15) and 1×10(16)ions/cm(2) 337:393 Novel Cellulose (Cel) reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-Silica (Si) composite which has good stability and in vitro degradation was prepared by lyophilization technique and implanted using N(3+) ions of energy 24keV in the fluences of 1×10(15), 5×10(15) and 1×10(16)ions/cm(2). 27561534 5 58 theme defect 934:939 arg1 site 941:944 defect site 934:944 defect site 934:944 The photoluminescence of the native cellulose has improved greatly due to defect site, dangling bonds and hydrogen passivation. 27561534 1 59 dep in 225:226 arg1 vitro 228:232 vitro 228:232 vitro 228:232 Novel Cellulose (Cel) reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-Silica (Si) composite which has good stability and in vitro degradation was prepared by lyophilization technique and implanted using N(3+) ions of energy 24keV in the fluences of 1×10(15), 5×10(15) and 1×10(16)ions/cm(2). 27561534 0 60 dep stiffening 8:17 arg1 alcohol 89:95 polyvinyl alcohol 79:95 polyvinyl alcohol 79:95 Surface stiffening and enhanced photoluminescence of ion implanted cellulose - polyvinyl alcohol - silica composite. 27561534 0 60 dep stiffening 8:17 arg1 composite 106:114 silica composite 99:114 silica composite 99:114 Surface stiffening and enhanced photoluminescence of ion implanted cellulose - polyvinyl alcohol - silica composite. 27561534 6 61 theme Electric 988:995 arg1 conductivity 997:1008 Electric conductivity 988:1008 Electric conductivity of the ion implanted samples 988:1037 Electric conductivity of the ion implanted samples was improved by about 25%. 27561534 1 62 theme good 206:209 arg1 stability 211:219 good stability 206:219 good stability 206:219 Novel Cellulose (Cel) reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-Silica (Si) composite which has good stability and in vitro degradation was prepared by lyophilization technique and implanted using N(3+) ions of energy 24keV in the fluences of 1×10(15), 5×10(15) and 1×10(16)ions/cm(2). 27561534 0 63 theme cellulose 67:75 arg1 stiffening 8:17 Surface stiffening 0:17 Surface stiffening 0:17 Surface stiffening and enhanced photoluminescence of ion implanted cellulose - polyvinyl alcohol - silica composite. 27561534 0 63 theme cellulose 67:75 arg1 photoluminescence 32:48 enhanced photoluminescence 23:48 enhanced photoluminescence 23:48 Surface stiffening and enhanced photoluminescence of ion implanted cellulose - polyvinyl alcohol - silica composite. 27561534 1 64 theme N 307:307 arg1 ions 313:316 N(3+) ions 307:316 N(3+) ions of energy 24keV 307:332 Novel Cellulose (Cel) reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-Silica (Si) composite which has good stability and in vitro degradation was prepared by lyophilization technique and implanted using N(3+) ions of energy 24keV in the fluences of 1×10(15), 5×10(15) and 1×10(16)ions/cm(2). 27561534 5 65 theme native 889:894 arg1 cellulose 896:904 the native cellulose 885:904 the native cellulose 885:904 The photoluminescence of the native cellulose has improved greatly due to defect site, dangling bonds and hydrogen passivation. 28622510 5 0 theme acid 684:687 arg1 secretion 644:652 increased secretion 634:652 increased secretion of the polysaccharide colanic acid (CA), which regulates mitochondrial dynamics and unfolded protein response (UPRmt) in the host 634:782 Mechanistically, we discovered that five bacterial mutants promote longevity through increased secretion of the polysaccharide colanic acid (CA), which regulates mitochondrial dynamics and unfolded protein response (UPRmt) in the host. 28622510 3 1 theme bacterial 330:338 arg1 genes 340:344 29 bacterial genes 327:344 29 bacterial genes 327:344 Here, through screening 3,983 Escherichia coli mutants, we discovered that 29 bacterial genes, when deleted, increase longevity in the host Caenorhabditis elegans. 28622510 4 2 theme bacterial 433:441 arg1 mutants 443:449 these bacterial mutants 427:449 these bacterial mutants 427:449 A dozen of these bacterial mutants also protect the host from age-related progression of tumor growth and amyloid-beta accumulation. 28622510 6 3 theme host 858:861 arg1 ATFS-1 846:851 ATFS-1 846:851 ATFS-1 846:851 Purified CA polymers are sufficient to promote longevity via ATFS-1, the host UPRmt-responsive transcription factor. 28622510 6 3 theme host 858:861 arg1 factor 894:899 the host UPRmt-responsive transcription factor 854:899 the host UPRmt-responsive transcription factor 854:899 Purified CA polymers are sufficient to promote longevity via ATFS-1, the host UPRmt-responsive transcription factor. 28622510 4 4 theme growth 511:516 arg1 progression 490:500 age-related progression 478:500 age-related progression of tumor growth and amyloid-beta accumulation 478:546 A dozen of these bacterial mutants also protect the host from age-related progression of tumor growth and amyloid-beta accumulation. 28622510 8 5 theme pro-longevity 1083:1095 arg1 microbes 1097:1104 pro-longevity microbes 1083:1104 pro-longevity microbes 1083:1104 Together, our results identified molecular targets for developing pro-longevity microbes and a bacterial metabolite acting on host mitochondria to promote longevity. 28622510 7 6 theme different 998:1006 arg1 species 1008:1014 different species 998:1014 different species 998:1014 Furthermore, the mitochondrial changes and longevity effects induced by CA are conserved across different species. 28622510 5 7 theme increased 634:642 arg1 secretion 644:652 increased secretion 634:652 increased secretion of the polysaccharide colanic acid (CA), which regulates mitochondrial dynamics and unfolded protein response (UPRmt) in the host 634:782 Mechanistically, we discovered that five bacterial mutants promote longevity through increased secretion of the polysaccharide colanic acid (CA), which regulates mitochondrial dynamics and unfolded protein response (UPRmt) in the host. 28622510 0 8 theme Microbial 0:8 arg1 Composition 18:28 Microbial Genetic Composition 0:28 Microbial Genetic Composition 0:28 Microbial Genetic Composition Tunes Host Longevity. 28622510 1 9 theme gut 71:73 arg1 microbiota 75:84 the gut microbiota 67:84 the gut microbiota 67:84 Homeostasis of the gut microbiota critically influences host health and aging. 28622510 2 10 theme engineered 154:163 arg1 probiotics 165:174 Developing genetically engineered probiotics 131:174 Developing genetically engineered probiotics 131:174 Developing genetically engineered probiotics holds great promise as a new therapeutic paradigm to promote healthy aging. 28622510 1 11 theme microbiota 75:84 arg1 Homeostasis 52:62 Homeostasis 52:62 Homeostasis of the gut microbiota 52:84 Homeostasis of the gut microbiota critically influences host health and aging. 28622510 0 12 theme Genetic 10:16 arg1 Composition 18:28 Microbial Genetic Composition 0:28 Microbial Genetic Composition 0:28 Microbial Genetic Composition Tunes Host Longevity. 28622510 4 13 theme age-related 478:488 arg1 progression 490:500 age-related progression 478:500 age-related progression of tumor growth and amyloid-beta accumulation 478:546 A dozen of these bacterial mutants also protect the host from age-related progression of tumor growth and amyloid-beta accumulation. 28622510 5 14 theme polysaccharide 661:674 arg1 CA 690:691 CA 690:691 CA 690:691 Mechanistically, we discovered that five bacterial mutants promote longevity through increased secretion of the polysaccharide colanic acid (CA), which regulates mitochondrial dynamics and unfolded protein response (UPRmt) in the host. 28622510 5 14 theme polysaccharide 661:674 arg1 acid 684:687 the polysaccharide colanic acid 657:687 the polysaccharide colanic acid (CA) 657:692 Mechanistically, we discovered that five bacterial mutants promote longevity through increased secretion of the polysaccharide colanic acid (CA), which regulates mitochondrial dynamics and unfolded protein response (UPRmt) in the host. 28622510 5 15 theme bacterial 590:598 arg1 mutants 600:606 five bacterial mutants 585:606 five bacterial mutants 585:606 Mechanistically, we discovered that five bacterial mutants promote longevity through increased secretion of the polysaccharide colanic acid (CA), which regulates mitochondrial dynamics and unfolded protein response (UPRmt) in the host. 28622510 3 16 theme host 387:390 arg1 elegans 407:413 the host Caenorhabditis elegans 383:413 the host Caenorhabditis elegans 383:413 Here, through screening 3,983 Escherichia coli mutants, we discovered that 29 bacterial genes, when deleted, increase longevity in the host Caenorhabditis elegans. 28622510 5 17 theme colanic 676:682 arg1 CA 690:691 CA 690:691 CA 690:691 Mechanistically, we discovered that five bacterial mutants promote longevity through increased secretion of the polysaccharide colanic acid (CA), which regulates mitochondrial dynamics and unfolded protein response (UPRmt) in the host. 28622510 5 17 theme colanic 676:682 arg1 acid 684:687 the polysaccharide colanic acid 657:687 the polysaccharide colanic acid (CA) 657:692 Mechanistically, we discovered that five bacterial mutants promote longevity through increased secretion of the polysaccharide colanic acid (CA), which regulates mitochondrial dynamics and unfolded protein response (UPRmt) in the host. 28622510 6 18 theme CA 794:795 arg1 polymers 797:804 Purified CA polymers 785:804 Purified CA polymers 785:804 Purified CA polymers are sufficient to promote longevity via ATFS-1, the host UPRmt-responsive transcription factor. 28622510 6 19 theme transcription 880:892 arg1 ATFS-1 846:851 ATFS-1 846:851 ATFS-1 846:851 Purified CA polymers are sufficient to promote longevity via ATFS-1, the host UPRmt-responsive transcription factor. 28622510 6 19 theme transcription 880:892 arg1 factor 894:899 the host UPRmt-responsive transcription factor 854:899 the host UPRmt-responsive transcription factor 854:899 Purified CA polymers are sufficient to promote longevity via ATFS-1, the host UPRmt-responsive transcription factor. 28622510 8 20 theme molecular 1050:1058 arg1 targets 1060:1066 molecular targets 1050:1066 molecular targets for developing pro-longevity microbes and a bacterial metabolite acting on host mitochondria to promote longevity 1050:1180 Together, our results identified molecular targets for developing pro-longevity microbes and a bacterial metabolite acting on host mitochondria to promote longevity. 28622510 6 21 theme Purified 785:792 arg1 polymers 797:804 Purified CA polymers 785:804 Purified CA polymers 785:804 Purified CA polymers are sufficient to promote longevity via ATFS-1, the host UPRmt-responsive transcription factor. 28622510 5 22 theme unfolded 738:745 arg1 UPRmt 765:769 UPRmt 765:769 UPRmt 765:769 Mechanistically, we discovered that five bacterial mutants promote longevity through increased secretion of the polysaccharide colanic acid (CA), which regulates mitochondrial dynamics and unfolded protein response (UPRmt) in the host. 28622510 5 22 theme unfolded 738:745 arg1 response 755:762 unfolded protein response 738:762 unfolded protein response (UPRmt) 738:770 Mechanistically, we discovered that five bacterial mutants promote longevity through increased secretion of the polysaccharide colanic acid (CA), which regulates mitochondrial dynamics and unfolded protein response (UPRmt) in the host. 28622510 4 23 theme mutants 443:449 arg1 dozen 418:422 A dozen 416:422 A dozen of these bacterial mutants 416:449 A dozen of these bacterial mutants also protect the host from age-related progression of tumor growth and amyloid-beta accumulation. 28622510 0 24 theme Host 36:39 arg1 Longevity 41:49 Host Longevity 36:49 Host Longevity 36:49 Microbial Genetic Composition Tunes Host Longevity. 28622510 4 25 theme accumulation 535:546 arg1 progression 490:500 age-related progression 478:500 age-related progression of tumor growth and amyloid-beta accumulation 478:546 A dozen of these bacterial mutants also protect the host from age-related progression of tumor growth and amyloid-beta accumulation. 28622510 3 26 theme Escherichia 282:292 arg1 mutants 299:305 3,983 Escherichia coli mutants 276:305 3,983 Escherichia coli mutants 276:305 Here, through screening 3,983 Escherichia coli mutants, we discovered that 29 bacterial genes, when deleted, increase longevity in the host Caenorhabditis elegans. 28622510 6 27 theme UPRmt-responsive 863:878 arg1 ATFS-1 846:851 ATFS-1 846:851 ATFS-1 846:851 Purified CA polymers are sufficient to promote longevity via ATFS-1, the host UPRmt-responsive transcription factor. 28622510 6 27 theme UPRmt-responsive 863:878 arg1 factor 894:899 the host UPRmt-responsive transcription factor 854:899 the host UPRmt-responsive transcription factor 854:899 Purified CA polymers are sufficient to promote longevity via ATFS-1, the host UPRmt-responsive transcription factor. 28622510 3 28 theme Caenorhabditis 392:405 arg1 elegans 407:413 the host Caenorhabditis elegans 383:413 the host Caenorhabditis elegans 383:413 Here, through screening 3,983 Escherichia coli mutants, we discovered that 29 bacterial genes, when deleted, increase longevity in the host Caenorhabditis elegans. 28622510 4 29 theme amyloid-beta 522:533 arg1 accumulation 535:546 amyloid-beta accumulation 522:546 amyloid-beta accumulation 522:546 A dozen of these bacterial mutants also protect the host from age-related progression of tumor growth and amyloid-beta accumulation. 28622510 2 30 theme great 182:186 arg1 paradigm 217:224 a new therapeutic paradigm 199:224 a new therapeutic paradigm to promote healthy aging 199:249 Developing genetically engineered probiotics holds great promise as a new therapeutic paradigm to promote healthy aging. 28622510 2 30 theme great 182:186 arg1 promise 188:194 great promise 182:194 great promise 182:194 Developing genetically engineered probiotics holds great promise as a new therapeutic paradigm to promote healthy aging. 28622510 2 31 theme healthy 237:243 arg1 aging 245:249 healthy aging 237:249 healthy aging 237:249 Developing genetically engineered probiotics holds great promise as a new therapeutic paradigm to promote healthy aging. 28622510 5 32 theme protein 747:753 arg1 UPRmt 765:769 UPRmt 765:769 UPRmt 765:769 Mechanistically, we discovered that five bacterial mutants promote longevity through increased secretion of the polysaccharide colanic acid (CA), which regulates mitochondrial dynamics and unfolded protein response (UPRmt) in the host. 28622510 5 32 theme protein 747:753 arg1 response 755:762 unfolded protein response 738:762 unfolded protein response (UPRmt) 738:770 Mechanistically, we discovered that five bacterial mutants promote longevity through increased secretion of the polysaccharide colanic acid (CA), which regulates mitochondrial dynamics and unfolded protein response (UPRmt) in the host. 28622510 4 33 theme tumor 505:509 arg1 growth 511:516 tumor growth 505:516 tumor growth 505:516 A dozen of these bacterial mutants also protect the host from age-related progression of tumor growth and amyloid-beta accumulation. 28622510 8 34 theme host 1143:1146 arg1 mitochondria 1148:1159 host mitochondria 1143:1159 host mitochondria 1143:1159 Together, our results identified molecular targets for developing pro-longevity microbes and a bacterial metabolite acting on host mitochondria to promote longevity. 28622510 7 35 theme longevity 945:953 arg1 effects 955:961 longevity effects 945:961 longevity effects 945:961 Furthermore, the mitochondrial changes and longevity effects induced by CA are conserved across different species. 28622510 5 36 theme mitochondrial 711:723 arg1 dynamics 725:732 mitochondrial dynamics 711:732 mitochondrial dynamics 711:732 Mechanistically, we discovered that five bacterial mutants promote longevity through increased secretion of the polysaccharide colanic acid (CA), which regulates mitochondrial dynamics and unfolded protein response (UPRmt) in the host. 28622510 2 37 theme therapeutic 205:215 arg1 paradigm 217:224 a new therapeutic paradigm 199:224 a new therapeutic paradigm to promote healthy aging 199:249 Developing genetically engineered probiotics holds great promise as a new therapeutic paradigm to promote healthy aging. 28622510 2 37 theme therapeutic 205:215 arg1 promise 188:194 great promise 182:194 great promise 182:194 Developing genetically engineered probiotics holds great promise as a new therapeutic paradigm to promote healthy aging. 28622510 7 38 theme mitochondrial 919:931 arg1 changes 933:939 the mitochondrial changes 915:939 the mitochondrial changes 915:939 Furthermore, the mitochondrial changes and longevity effects induced by CA are conserved across different species. 28622510 2 39 theme new 201:203 arg1 paradigm 217:224 a new therapeutic paradigm 199:224 a new therapeutic paradigm to promote healthy aging 199:249 Developing genetically engineered probiotics holds great promise as a new therapeutic paradigm to promote healthy aging. 28622510 2 39 theme new 201:203 arg1 promise 188:194 great promise 182:194 great promise 182:194 Developing genetically engineered probiotics holds great promise as a new therapeutic paradigm to promote healthy aging. 28622510 1 40 dep host 108:111 arg1 aging 124:128 aging 124:128 aging 124:128 Homeostasis of the gut microbiota critically influences host health and aging. 28622510 1 40 dep host 108:111 arg1 health 113:118 health 113:118 health 113:118 Homeostasis of the gut microbiota critically influences host health and aging. 28622510 3 41 dep Escherichia 282:292 arg1 coli 294:297 coli 294:297 coli 294:297 Here, through screening 3,983 Escherichia coli mutants, we discovered that 29 bacterial genes, when deleted, increase longevity in the host Caenorhabditis elegans. 28622510 2 42 theme Developing 131:140 arg1 probiotics 165:174 Developing genetically engineered probiotics 131:174 Developing genetically engineered probiotics 131:174 Developing genetically engineered probiotics holds great promise as a new therapeutic paradigm to promote healthy aging. 28622510 8 43 theme bacterial 1112:1120 arg1 metabolite 1122:1131 a bacterial metabolite 1110:1131 a bacterial metabolite acting on host mitochondria 1110:1159 Together, our results identified molecular targets for developing pro-longevity microbes and a bacterial metabolite acting on host mitochondria to promote longevity. 27474616 0 0 theme protein 66:72 arg1 activity 50:57 the surface activity 38:57 the surface activity of soy protein 38:72 Effect of oxidization and chitosan on the surface activity of soy protein isolate. 27474616 4 1 theme conjugates 796:805 arg1 bands 779:783 acidic bands 772:783 acidic bands of SPI/CHI conjugates 772:805 Results of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed that the location of acidic bands of SPI/CHI conjugates moved upwards and broadened. 27474616 6 2 theme electron 942:949 arg1 SEM 963:965 SEM 963:965 SEM 963:965 Scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that the particles became lager as the degree of oxidization increased. 27474616 6 2 theme electron 942:949 arg1 microscope 951:960 Scanning electron microscope 933:960 Scanning electron microscope (SEM) 933:966 Scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that the particles became lager as the degree of oxidization increased. 27474616 0 3 theme soy 62:64 arg1 protein 66:72 soy protein 62:72 soy protein 62:72 Effect of oxidization and chitosan on the surface activity of soy protein isolate. 27474616 3 4 theme oxidized 605:612 arg1 degree 614:619 the oxidized degree 601:619 the higher the oxidized degree 590:619 Fluorescent spectrum showed that the fluorescence intensity of SPI/CHI conjugates decreased and the higher the oxidized degree was, the lower the fluorescence intensity. 27474616 4 5 theme SPI/CHI 788:794 arg1 conjugates 796:805 SPI/CHI conjugates 788:805 SPI/CHI conjugates 788:805 Results of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed that the location of acidic bands of SPI/CHI conjugates moved upwards and broadened. 27474616 3 6 theme SPI/CHI 557:563 arg1 conjugates 565:574 SPI/CHI conjugates 557:574 SPI/CHI conjugates 557:574 Fluorescent spectrum showed that the fluorescence intensity of SPI/CHI conjugates decreased and the higher the oxidized degree was, the lower the fluorescence intensity. 27474616 6 7 theme Scanning 933:940 arg1 SEM 963:965 SEM 963:965 SEM 963:965 Scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that the particles became lager as the degree of oxidization increased. 27474616 6 7 theme Scanning 933:940 arg1 microscope 951:960 Scanning electron microscope 933:960 Scanning electron microscope (SEM) 933:966 Scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that the particles became lager as the degree of oxidization increased. 27474616 0 8 from Effect 0:5 arg1 activity 50:57 the surface activity 38:57 the surface activity of soy protein 38:72 Effect of oxidization and chitosan on the surface activity of soy protein isolate. 27474616 1 9 from effect 131:136 arg1 structure 191:199 structure 191:199 structure 191:199 The objective of this research was to study the effect of oxidization of performic acid and chitosan on the structure and surface properties of soy protein isolate. 27474616 1 9 from effect 131:136 arg1 properties 213:222 surface properties 205:222 surface properties 205:222 The objective of this research was to study the effect of oxidization of performic acid and chitosan on the structure and surface properties of soy protein isolate. 27474616 1 10 theme soy 227:229 arg1 isolate 239:245 soy protein isolate 227:245 soy protein isolate 227:245 The objective of this research was to study the effect of oxidization of performic acid and chitosan on the structure and surface properties of soy protein isolate. 27474616 7 11 theme Better 1047:1052 arg1 thermostability 1054:1068 Better thermostability 1047:1068 Better thermostability of the oxidized SPI/CHI systems 1047:1100 Better thermostability of the oxidized SPI/CHI systems was shown in the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 27474616 1 12 theme protein 231:237 arg1 isolate 239:245 soy protein isolate 227:245 soy protein isolate 227:245 The objective of this research was to study the effect of oxidization of performic acid and chitosan on the structure and surface properties of soy protein isolate. 27474616 7 13 theme differential 1119:1130 arg1 calorimetry 1141:1151 the differential scanning calorimetry 1115:1151 the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 1115:1157 Better thermostability of the oxidized SPI/CHI systems was shown in the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 27474616 7 13 theme differential 1119:1130 arg1 DSC 1154:1156 DSC 1154:1156 DSC 1154:1156 Better thermostability of the oxidized SPI/CHI systems was shown in the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 27474616 3 14 theme fluorescence 640:651 arg1 intensity 653:661 the fluorescence intensity 636:661 the lower the fluorescence intensity 626:661 Fluorescent spectrum showed that the fluorescence intensity of SPI/CHI conjugates decreased and the higher the oxidized degree was, the lower the fluorescence intensity. 27474616 4 15 theme acidic 772:777 arg1 bands 779:783 acidic bands 772:783 acidic bands of SPI/CHI conjugates 772:805 Results of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed that the location of acidic bands of SPI/CHI conjugates moved upwards and broadened. 27474616 4 16 theme gel 713:715 arg1 SDS-PAGE 734:741 SDS-PAGE 734:741 SDS-PAGE 734:741 Results of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed that the location of acidic bands of SPI/CHI conjugates moved upwards and broadened. 27474616 4 16 theme gel 713:715 arg1 electrophoresis 717:731 sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 675:731 sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) 675:742 Results of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed that the location of acidic bands of SPI/CHI conjugates moved upwards and broadened. 27474616 2 17 theme protein 351:357 arg1 SPI/CHI 381:387 SPI/CHI 381:387 SPI/CHI 381:387 As the degree of oxidization increased, the emulsifying capacity and stability of all the oxidized soy protein isolate and chitosan (SPI/CHI) systems increased substantially, which were 29.7%, 31.7%, 34.1%, 31.9% and 31.9% respectively compared. 27474616 2 17 theme protein 351:357 arg1 isolate 359:365 the oxidized soy protein isolate 334:365 the oxidized soy protein isolate 334:365 As the degree of oxidization increased, the emulsifying capacity and stability of all the oxidized soy protein isolate and chitosan (SPI/CHI) systems increased substantially, which were 29.7%, 31.7%, 34.1%, 31.9% and 31.9% respectively compared. 27474616 7 18 theme scanning 1132:1139 arg1 calorimetry 1141:1151 the differential scanning calorimetry 1115:1151 the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 1115:1157 Better thermostability of the oxidized SPI/CHI systems was shown in the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 27474616 7 18 theme scanning 1132:1139 arg1 DSC 1154:1156 DSC 1154:1156 DSC 1154:1156 Better thermostability of the oxidized SPI/CHI systems was shown in the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 27474616 4 19 theme sulfate-polyacrylamide 690:711 arg1 SDS-PAGE 734:741 SDS-PAGE 734:741 SDS-PAGE 734:741 Results of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed that the location of acidic bands of SPI/CHI conjugates moved upwards and broadened. 27474616 4 19 theme sulfate-polyacrylamide 690:711 arg1 electrophoresis 717:731 sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 675:731 sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) 675:742 Results of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed that the location of acidic bands of SPI/CHI conjugates moved upwards and broadened. 27474616 2 20 theme soy 347:349 arg1 SPI/CHI 381:387 SPI/CHI 381:387 SPI/CHI 381:387 As the degree of oxidization increased, the emulsifying capacity and stability of all the oxidized soy protein isolate and chitosan (SPI/CHI) systems increased substantially, which were 29.7%, 31.7%, 34.1%, 31.9% and 31.9% respectively compared. 27474616 2 20 theme soy 347:349 arg1 isolate 359:365 the oxidized soy protein isolate 334:365 the oxidized soy protein isolate 334:365 As the degree of oxidization increased, the emulsifying capacity and stability of all the oxidized soy protein isolate and chitosan (SPI/CHI) systems increased substantially, which were 29.7%, 31.7%, 34.1%, 31.9% and 31.9% respectively compared. 27474616 2 21 theme oxidized 338:345 arg1 SPI/CHI 381:387 SPI/CHI 381:387 SPI/CHI 381:387 As the degree of oxidization increased, the emulsifying capacity and stability of all the oxidized soy protein isolate and chitosan (SPI/CHI) systems increased substantially, which were 29.7%, 31.7%, 34.1%, 31.9% and 31.9% respectively compared. 27474616 2 21 theme oxidized 338:345 arg1 isolate 359:365 the oxidized soy protein isolate 334:365 the oxidized soy protein isolate 334:365 As the degree of oxidization increased, the emulsifying capacity and stability of all the oxidized soy protein isolate and chitosan (SPI/CHI) systems increased substantially, which were 29.7%, 31.7%, 34.1%, 31.9% and 31.9% respectively compared. 27474616 2 22 theme systems 390:396 arg1 stability 317:325 stability 317:325 stability 317:325 As the degree of oxidization increased, the emulsifying capacity and stability of all the oxidized soy protein isolate and chitosan (SPI/CHI) systems increased substantially, which were 29.7%, 31.7%, 34.1%, 31.9% and 31.9% respectively compared. 27474616 2 22 theme systems 390:396 arg1 capacity 304:311 emulsifying capacity 292:311 emulsifying capacity 292:311 As the degree of oxidization increased, the emulsifying capacity and stability of all the oxidized soy protein isolate and chitosan (SPI/CHI) systems increased substantially, which were 29.7%, 31.7%, 34.1%, 31.9% and 31.9% respectively compared. 27474616 1 23 theme isolate 239:245 arg1 structure 191:199 structure 191:199 structure 191:199 The objective of this research was to study the effect of oxidization of performic acid and chitosan on the structure and surface properties of soy protein isolate. 27474616 1 23 theme isolate 239:245 arg1 properties 213:222 surface properties 205:222 surface properties 205:222 The objective of this research was to study the effect of oxidization of performic acid and chitosan on the structure and surface properties of soy protein isolate. 27474616 4 24 theme bands 779:783 arg1 location 760:767 the location 756:767 the location of acidic bands of SPI/CHI conjugates 756:805 Results of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed that the location of acidic bands of SPI/CHI conjugates moved upwards and broadened. 27474616 2 25 theme oxidization 265:275 arg1 degree 255:260 the degree 251:260 the degree of oxidization 251:275 As the degree of oxidization increased, the emulsifying capacity and stability of all the oxidized soy protein isolate and chitosan (SPI/CHI) systems increased substantially, which were 29.7%, 31.7%, 34.1%, 31.9% and 31.9% respectively compared. 27474616 1 26 theme performic 156:164 arg1 acid 166:169 performic acid 156:169 performic acid 156:169 The objective of this research was to study the effect of oxidization of performic acid and chitosan on the structure and surface properties of soy protein isolate. 27474616 2 27 dep capacity 304:311 arg1 the 288:290 the 288:290 the 288:290 As the degree of oxidization increased, the emulsifying capacity and stability of all the oxidized soy protein isolate and chitosan (SPI/CHI) systems increased substantially, which were 29.7%, 31.7%, 34.1%, 31.9% and 31.9% respectively compared. 27474616 1 28 theme acid 166:169 arg1 oxidization 141:151 oxidization 141:151 oxidization of performic acid and chitosan 141:182 The objective of this research was to study the effect of oxidization of performic acid and chitosan on the structure and surface properties of soy protein isolate. 27474616 0 29 theme oxidization 10:20 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of oxidization and chitosan on the surface activity of soy protein 0:72 Effect of oxidization and chitosan on the surface activity of soy protein isolate. 27474616 3 30 theme conjugates 565:574 arg1 intensity 544:552 the fluorescence intensity 527:552 the fluorescence intensity of SPI/CHI conjugates 527:574 Fluorescent spectrum showed that the fluorescence intensity of SPI/CHI conjugates decreased and the higher the oxidized degree was, the lower the fluorescence intensity. 27474616 7 31 theme systems 1094:1100 arg1 thermostability 1054:1068 Better thermostability 1047:1068 Better thermostability of the oxidized SPI/CHI systems 1047:1100 Better thermostability of the oxidized SPI/CHI systems was shown in the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 27474616 2 32 theme chitosan 371:378 arg1 systems 390:396 all the oxidized soy protein isolate and chitosan (SPI/CHI) systems 330:396 all the oxidized soy protein isolate and chitosan (SPI/CHI) systems 330:396 As the degree of oxidization increased, the emulsifying capacity and stability of all the oxidized soy protein isolate and chitosan (SPI/CHI) systems increased substantially, which were 29.7%, 31.7%, 34.1%, 31.9% and 31.9% respectively compared. 27474616 7 33 theme SPI/CHI 1086:1092 arg1 systems 1094:1100 the oxidized SPI/CHI systems 1073:1100 the oxidized SPI/CHI systems 1073:1100 Better thermostability of the oxidized SPI/CHI systems was shown in the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 27474616 1 34 theme chitosan 175:182 arg1 oxidization 141:151 oxidization 141:151 oxidization of performic acid and chitosan 141:182 The objective of this research was to study the effect of oxidization of performic acid and chitosan on the structure and surface properties of soy protein isolate. 27474616 0 35 theme chitosan 26:33 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of oxidization and chitosan on the surface activity of soy protein 0:72 Effect of oxidization and chitosan on the surface activity of soy protein isolate. 27474616 4 36 dep moved 807:811 arg1 broadened 825:833 broadened 825:833 broadened 825:833 Results of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed that the location of acidic bands of SPI/CHI conjugates moved upwards and broadened. 27474616 2 37 theme isolate 359:365 arg1 systems 390:396 all the oxidized soy protein isolate and chitosan (SPI/CHI) systems 330:396 all the oxidized soy protein isolate and chitosan (SPI/CHI) systems 330:396 As the degree of oxidization increased, the emulsifying capacity and stability of all the oxidized soy protein isolate and chitosan (SPI/CHI) systems increased substantially, which were 29.7%, 31.7%, 34.1%, 31.9% and 31.9% respectively compared. 27474616 0 38 theme surface 42:48 arg1 activity 50:57 the surface activity 38:57 the surface activity of soy protein 38:72 Effect of oxidization and chitosan on the surface activity of soy protein isolate. 27474616 3 39 dep lower 630:634 arg1 intensity 653:661 the fluorescence intensity 636:661 the lower the fluorescence intensity 626:661 Fluorescent spectrum showed that the fluorescence intensity of SPI/CHI conjugates decreased and the higher the oxidized degree was, the lower the fluorescence intensity. 27474616 1 40 dep structure 191:199 arg1 the 187:189 the 187:189 the 187:189 The objective of this research was to study the effect of oxidization of performic acid and chitosan on the structure and surface properties of soy protein isolate. 27474616 7 41 theme oxidized 1077:1084 arg1 systems 1094:1100 the oxidized SPI/CHI systems 1073:1100 the oxidized SPI/CHI systems 1073:1100 Better thermostability of the oxidized SPI/CHI systems was shown in the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 27474616 3 42 theme Fluorescent 494:504 arg1 spectrum 506:513 Fluorescent spectrum 494:513 Fluorescent spectrum 494:513 Fluorescent spectrum showed that the fluorescence intensity of SPI/CHI conjugates decreased and the higher the oxidized degree was, the lower the fluorescence intensity. 27474616 2 43 theme emulsifying 292:302 arg1 capacity 304:311 emulsifying capacity 292:311 emulsifying capacity 292:311 As the degree of oxidization increased, the emulsifying capacity and stability of all the oxidized soy protein isolate and chitosan (SPI/CHI) systems increased substantially, which were 29.7%, 31.7%, 34.1%, 31.9% and 31.9% respectively compared. 27474616 3 44 theme fluorescence 531:542 arg1 intensity 544:552 the fluorescence intensity 527:552 the fluorescence intensity of SPI/CHI conjugates 527:574 Fluorescent spectrum showed that the fluorescence intensity of SPI/CHI conjugates decreased and the higher the oxidized degree was, the lower the fluorescence intensity. 27474616 1 45 theme research 105:112 arg1 objective 87:95 The objective 83:95 The objective of this research 83:112 The objective of this research was to study the effect of oxidization of performic acid and chitosan on the structure and surface properties of soy protein isolate. 27474616 4 46 theme electrophoresis 717:731 arg1 Results 664:670 Results 664:670 Results of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) 664:742 Results of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed that the location of acidic bands of SPI/CHI conjugates moved upwards and broadened. 27474616 5 47 theme basic 851:855 arg1 Meanwhile 836:844 Meanwhile 836:844 Meanwhile 836:844 Meanwhile, the basic bands lightened or even disappeared gradually as the oxidization increased. 27474616 5 47 theme basic 851:855 arg1 bands 857:861 the basic bands 847:861 the basic bands 847:861 Meanwhile, the basic bands lightened or even disappeared gradually as the oxidization increased. 27474616 1 48 theme oxidization 141:151 arg1 effect 131:136 the effect 127:136 the effect of oxidization of performic acid and chitosan on the structure and surface properties of soy protein isolate 127:245 The objective of this research was to study the effect of oxidization of performic acid and chitosan on the structure and surface properties of soy protein isolate. 27474616 3 49 dep higher 594:599 arg1 degree 614:619 the oxidized degree 601:619 the higher the oxidized degree 590:619 Fluorescent spectrum showed that the fluorescence intensity of SPI/CHI conjugates decreased and the higher the oxidized degree was, the lower the fluorescence intensity. 27474616 6 50 theme oxidization 1024:1034 arg1 degree 1014:1019 the degree 1010:1019 the degree of oxidization 1010:1034 Scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that the particles became lager as the degree of oxidization increased. 27474616 1 51 theme surface 205:211 arg1 properties 213:222 surface properties 205:222 surface properties 205:222 The objective of this research was to study the effect of oxidization of performic acid and chitosan on the structure and surface properties of soy protein isolate. 28402599 9 0 theme new 1245:1247 arg1 applications 1249:1260 new applications 1245:1260 new applications for honey and whey in food formulations 1245:1300 CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that it is possible to generate a new product, which may open new applications for honey and whey in food formulations. 28402599 7 1 theme microstructure 884:897 arg1 rougher 899:905 the microstructure rougher 880:905 the microstructure rougher 880:905 Rubbery characteristics were found in dried gels with guar gum, while both corn starch and guar gum made the microstructure rougher. 28402599 1 2 theme liquid 145:150 arg1 whey 152:155 honey and liquid whey 135:155 honey and liquid whey 135:155 BACKGROUND Large amounts of honey and liquid whey derived from the dairy industry are produced in Argentina. 28402599 9 3 from honey 1266:1270 arg1 formulations 1289:1300 food formulations 1284:1300 food formulations 1284:1300 CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that it is possible to generate a new product, which may open new applications for honey and whey in food formulations. 28402599 5 4 theme fracture 550:557 arg1 stress 559:564 The fracture stress 546:564 The fracture stress of dried gels prepared with corn starch 546:604 The fracture stress of dried gels prepared with corn starch was higher than that of gels prepared with guar gum in all conditions assayed. 28402599 5 4 theme fracture 550:557 arg1 higher 610:615 higher 610:615 higher 610:615 The fracture stress of dried gels prepared with corn starch was higher than that of gels prepared with guar gum in all conditions assayed. 28402599 1 5 theme whey 152:155 arg1 amounts 124:130 BACKGROUND Large amounts 107:130 BACKGROUND Large amounts of honey and liquid whey derived from the dairy industry 107:187 BACKGROUND Large amounts of honey and liquid whey derived from the dairy industry are produced in Argentina. 28402599 1 5 theme whey 152:155 arg1 whey 152:155 honey and liquid whey 135:155 honey and liquid whey 135:155 BACKGROUND Large amounts of honey and liquid whey derived from the dairy industry are produced in Argentina. 28402599 0 6 theme hydrocolloids 84:96 arg1 mixture 98:104 hydrocolloids mixture 84:104 hydrocolloids mixture 84:104 Obtention and characterization of dried gels prepared with whey proteins, honey and hydrocolloids mixture. 28402599 0 6 theme hydrocolloids 84:96 arg1 proteins 64:71 whey proteins 59:71 whey proteins 59:71 Obtention and characterization of dried gels prepared with whey proteins, honey and hydrocolloids mixture. 28402599 7 7 with gels 819:822 arg1 gum 834:836 guar gum 829:836 guar gum 829:836 Rubbery characteristics were found in dried gels with guar gum, while both corn starch and guar gum made the microstructure rougher. 28402599 8 8 from differences 1045:1055 arg1 properties 1068:1077 sensory properties 1060:1077 sensory properties 1060:1077 Multivariate analysis showed that samples could be grouped by pH. Panelists preferred pH 7 products over acidic ones, and no significant differences in sensory properties were found using either corn starch or guar gum in the formulation. 28402599 8 9 theme sensory 1060:1066 arg1 properties 1068:1077 sensory properties 1060:1077 sensory properties 1060:1077 Multivariate analysis showed that samples could be grouped by pH. Panelists preferred pH 7 products over acidic ones, and no significant differences in sensory properties were found using either corn starch or guar gum in the formulation. 28402599 7 10 located found 804:808 arg1 gels 819:822 dried gels 813:822 dried gels with guar gum 813:836 Rubbery characteristics were found in dried gels with guar gum, while both corn starch and guar gum made the microstructure rougher. 28402599 7 10 located found 804:808 arg2 characteristics 783:797 Rubbery characteristics 775:797 Rubbery characteristics 775:797 Rubbery characteristics were found in dried gels with guar gum, while both corn starch and guar gum made the microstructure rougher. 28402599 3 11 theme whey 448:451 arg1 proteins 453:460 honey, whey proteins 441:460 proteins 453:460 The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of pH, composition and storage time on the properties of dried gels with honey, whey proteins and hydrocolloids. 28402599 3 12 theme honey 441:445 arg1 proteins 453:460 honey, whey proteins 441:460 proteins 453:460 The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of pH, composition and storage time on the properties of dried gels with honey, whey proteins and hydrocolloids. 28402599 3 13 with gels 431:434 arg1 proteins 453:460 honey, whey proteins 441:460 proteins 453:460 The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of pH, composition and storage time on the properties of dried gels with honey, whey proteins and hydrocolloids. 28402599 3 13 with gels 431:434 arg1 hydrocolloids 466:478 hydrocolloids 466:478 hydrocolloids 466:478 The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of pH, composition and storage time on the properties of dried gels with honey, whey proteins and hydrocolloids. 28402599 5 14 theme dried 569:573 arg1 gels 575:578 dried gels 569:578 dried gels prepared with corn starch 569:604 The fracture stress of dried gels prepared with corn starch was higher than that of gels prepared with guar gum in all conditions assayed. 28402599 10 15 theme Chemical 1321:1328 arg1 Industry 1330:1337 Chemical Industry 1321:1337 Chemical Industry 1321:1337 © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry. 28402599 3 16 theme time 399:402 arg1 effect 361:366 the effect 357:366 the effect of pH, composition and storage time on the properties of dried gels with honey, whey proteins and hydrocolloids 357:478 The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of pH, composition and storage time on the properties of dried gels with honey, whey proteins and hydrocolloids. 28402599 8 17 dep pH 994:995 arg1 products 999:1006 products 999:1006 pH 7 products 994:1006 Multivariate analysis showed that samples could be grouped by pH. Panelists preferred pH 7 products over acidic ones, and no significant differences in sensory properties were found using either corn starch or guar gum in the formulation. 28402599 8 17 dep pH 994:995 arg1 ones 1020:1023 acidic ones 1013:1023 acidic ones 1013:1023 Multivariate analysis showed that samples could be grouped by pH. Panelists preferred pH 7 products over acidic ones, and no significant differences in sensory properties were found using either corn starch or guar gum in the formulation. 28402599 9 18 theme new 1217:1219 arg1 product 1221:1227 a new product 1215:1227 a new product 1215:1227 CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that it is possible to generate a new product, which may open new applications for honey and whey in food formulations. 28402599 8 19 theme guar 1118:1121 arg1 gum 1123:1125 guar gum 1118:1125 guar gum in the formulation 1118:1144 Multivariate analysis showed that samples could be grouped by pH. Panelists preferred pH 7 products over acidic ones, and no significant differences in sensory properties were found using either corn starch or guar gum in the formulation. 28402599 7 20 theme corn 850:853 arg1 starch 855:860 corn starch 850:860 corn starch 850:860 Rubbery characteristics were found in dried gels with guar gum, while both corn starch and guar gum made the microstructure rougher. 28402599 3 21 from effect 361:366 arg1 properties 411:420 the properties 407:420 the properties of dried gels with honey, whey proteins and hydrocolloids 407:478 The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of pH, composition and storage time on the properties of dried gels with honey, whey proteins and hydrocolloids. 28402599 8 22 from gum 1123:1125 arg1 formulation 1134:1144 the formulation 1130:1144 the formulation 1130:1144 Multivariate analysis showed that samples could be grouped by pH. Panelists preferred pH 7 products over acidic ones, and no significant differences in sensory properties were found using either corn starch or guar gum in the formulation. 28402599 8 23 theme Multivariate 908:919 arg1 analysis 921:928 Multivariate analysis 908:928 Multivariate analysis 908:928 Multivariate analysis showed that samples could be grouped by pH. Panelists preferred pH 7 products over acidic ones, and no significant differences in sensory properties were found using either corn starch or guar gum in the formulation. 28402599 7 24 theme Rubbery 775:781 arg1 characteristics 783:797 Rubbery characteristics 775:797 Rubbery characteristics 775:797 Rubbery characteristics were found in dried gels with guar gum, while both corn starch and guar gum made the microstructure rougher. 28402599 5 25 theme corn 594:597 arg1 starch 599:604 corn starch 594:604 corn starch 594:604 The fracture stress of dried gels prepared with corn starch was higher than that of gels prepared with guar gum in all conditions assayed. 28402599 5 26 theme gels 575:578 arg1 stress 559:564 The fracture stress 546:564 The fracture stress of dried gels prepared with corn starch 546:604 The fracture stress of dried gels prepared with corn starch was higher than that of gels prepared with guar gum in all conditions assayed. 28402599 5 26 theme gels 575:578 arg1 higher 610:615 higher 610:615 higher 610:615 The fracture stress of dried gels prepared with corn starch was higher than that of gels prepared with guar gum in all conditions assayed. 28402599 3 27 theme storage 391:397 arg1 time 399:402 storage time 391:402 storage time 391:402 The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of pH, composition and storage time on the properties of dried gels with honey, whey proteins and hydrocolloids. 28402599 7 28 theme guar 866:869 arg1 gum 871:873 guar gum 866:873 guar gum 866:873 Rubbery characteristics were found in dried gels with guar gum, while both corn starch and guar gum made the microstructure rougher. 28402599 2 29 theme protein 276:282 arg1 concentrates 284:295 whey protein concentrates 271:295 whey protein concentrates 271:295 Honey is exported in bulk and whey is transformed into whey protein concentrates and isolates. 28402599 8 30 theme corn 1103:1106 arg1 starch 1108:1113 corn starch 1103:1113 corn starch 1103:1113 Multivariate analysis showed that samples could be grouped by pH. Panelists preferred pH 7 products over acidic ones, and no significant differences in sensory properties were found using either corn starch or guar gum in the formulation. 28402599 5 31 theme guar 649:652 arg1 gum 654:656 guar gum 649:656 guar gum 649:656 The fracture stress of dried gels prepared with corn starch was higher than that of gels prepared with guar gum in all conditions assayed. 28402599 2 32 theme whey 271:274 arg1 concentrates 284:295 whey protein concentrates 271:295 whey protein concentrates 271:295 Honey is exported in bulk and whey is transformed into whey protein concentrates and isolates. 28402599 3 33 theme dried 425:429 arg1 gels 431:434 dried gels 425:434 dried gels with honey, whey proteins and hydrocolloids 425:478 The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of pH, composition and storage time on the properties of dried gels with honey, whey proteins and hydrocolloids. 28402599 0 34 theme gels 40:43 arg1 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 Obtention and characterization of dried gels prepared with whey proteins, honey and hydrocolloids mixture. 28402599 0 34 theme gels 40:43 arg1 Obtention 0:8 Obtention 0:8 Obtention 0:8 Obtention and characterization of dried gels prepared with whey proteins, honey and hydrocolloids mixture. 28402599 1 35 attach derived 157:163 arg2 whey 152:155 honey and liquid whey 135:155 honey and liquid whey 135:155 BACKGROUND Large amounts of honey and liquid whey derived from the dairy industry are produced in Argentina. 28402599 1 35 attach derived 157:163 arg1 industry 180:187 the dairy industry 170:187 the dairy industry 170:187 BACKGROUND Large amounts of honey and liquid whey derived from the dairy industry are produced in Argentina. 28402599 1 35 attach derived 157:163 arg2 amounts 124:130 BACKGROUND Large amounts 107:130 BACKGROUND Large amounts of honey and liquid whey derived from the dairy industry 107:187 BACKGROUND Large amounts of honey and liquid whey derived from the dairy industry are produced in Argentina. 28402599 1 36 theme dairy 174:178 arg1 industry 180:187 the dairy industry 170:187 the dairy industry 170:187 BACKGROUND Large amounts of honey and liquid whey derived from the dairy industry are produced in Argentina. 28402599 0 37 theme dried 34:38 arg1 gels 40:43 dried gels 34:43 dried gels 34:43 Obtention and characterization of dried gels prepared with whey proteins, honey and hydrocolloids mixture. 28402599 4 38 theme RESULTS 481:487 arg1 properties 495:504 RESULTS Color properties 481:504 RESULTS Color properties 481:504 RESULTS Color properties varied according to pH and composition. 28402599 3 39 theme composition 375:385 arg1 effect 361:366 the effect 357:366 the effect of pH, composition and storage time on the properties of dried gels with honey, whey proteins and hydrocolloids 357:478 The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of pH, composition and storage time on the properties of dried gels with honey, whey proteins and hydrocolloids. 28402599 3 40 theme work 333:336 arg1 objective 315:323 The objective 311:323 The objective of this work 311:336 The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of pH, composition and storage time on the properties of dried gels with honey, whey proteins and hydrocolloids. 28402599 1 41 theme BACKGROUND 107:116 arg1 amounts 124:130 BACKGROUND Large amounts 107:130 BACKGROUND Large amounts of honey and liquid whey derived from the dairy industry 107:187 BACKGROUND Large amounts of honey and liquid whey derived from the dairy industry are produced in Argentina. 28402599 1 41 theme BACKGROUND 107:116 arg1 whey 152:155 honey and liquid whey 135:155 honey and liquid whey 135:155 BACKGROUND Large amounts of honey and liquid whey derived from the dairy industry are produced in Argentina. 28402599 3 42 theme pH 371:372 arg1 effect 361:366 the effect 357:366 the effect of pH, composition and storage time on the properties of dried gels with honey, whey proteins and hydrocolloids 357:478 The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of pH, composition and storage time on the properties of dried gels with honey, whey proteins and hydrocolloids. 28402599 8 43 theme acidic 1013:1018 arg1 ones 1020:1023 acidic ones 1013:1023 acidic ones 1013:1023 Multivariate analysis showed that samples could be grouped by pH. Panelists preferred pH 7 products over acidic ones, and no significant differences in sensory properties were found using either corn starch or guar gum in the formulation. 28402599 1 44 theme Large 118:122 arg1 amounts 124:130 BACKGROUND Large amounts 107:130 BACKGROUND Large amounts of honey and liquid whey derived from the dairy industry 107:187 BACKGROUND Large amounts of honey and liquid whey derived from the dairy industry are produced in Argentina. 28402599 1 44 theme Large 118:122 arg1 whey 152:155 honey and liquid whey 135:155 honey and liquid whey 135:155 BACKGROUND Large amounts of honey and liquid whey derived from the dairy industry are produced in Argentina. 28402599 4 45 theme Color 489:493 arg1 properties 495:504 RESULTS Color properties 481:504 RESULTS Color properties 481:504 RESULTS Color properties varied according to pH and composition. 28402599 6 46 theme storage 761:767 arg1 time 769:772 storage time 761:772 storage time 761:772 Young's modulus was higher at pH 7 for both compositions and increased with storage time. 28402599 6 47 theme Young 685:689 arg1 modulus 693:699 Young's modulus 685:699 Young's modulus 685:699 Young's modulus was higher at pH 7 for both compositions and increased with storage time. 28402599 3 48 theme gels 431:434 arg1 properties 411:420 the properties 407:420 the properties of dried gels with honey, whey proteins and hydrocolloids 407:478 The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of pH, composition and storage time on the properties of dried gels with honey, whey proteins and hydrocolloids. 28402599 9 49 from whey 1276:1279 arg1 formulations 1289:1300 food formulations 1284:1300 food formulations 1284:1300 CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that it is possible to generate a new product, which may open new applications for honey and whey in food formulations. 28402599 9 50 dep CONCLUSION 1147:1156 arg1 demonstrated 1170:1181 demonstrated 1170:1181 demonstrated that it is possible to generate a new product, which may open new applications for honey and whey in food formulations 1170:1300 CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that it is possible to generate a new product, which may open new applications for honey and whey in food formulations. 28402599 8 51 theme significant 1033:1043 arg1 differences 1045:1055 no significant differences 1030:1055 no significant differences in sensory properties 1030:1077 Multivariate analysis showed that samples could be grouped by pH. Panelists preferred pH 7 products over acidic ones, and no significant differences in sensory properties were found using either corn starch or guar gum in the formulation. 28402599 1 52 theme honey 135:139 arg1 whey 152:155 honey and liquid whey 135:155 honey and liquid whey 135:155 BACKGROUND Large amounts of honey and liquid whey derived from the dairy industry are produced in Argentina. 28402599 7 53 theme guar 829:832 arg1 gum 834:836 guar gum 829:836 guar gum 829:836 Rubbery characteristics were found in dried gels with guar gum, while both corn starch and guar gum made the microstructure rougher. 28402599 0 54 theme whey 59:62 arg1 honey 74:78 honey 74:78 honey 74:78 Obtention and characterization of dried gels prepared with whey proteins, honey and hydrocolloids mixture. 28402599 0 54 theme whey 59:62 arg1 mixture 98:104 hydrocolloids mixture 84:104 hydrocolloids mixture 84:104 Obtention and characterization of dried gels prepared with whey proteins, honey and hydrocolloids mixture. 28402599 0 54 theme whey 59:62 arg1 proteins 64:71 whey proteins 59:71 whey proteins 59:71 Obtention and characterization of dried gels prepared with whey proteins, honey and hydrocolloids mixture. 28402599 8 55 from starch 1108:1113 arg1 formulation 1134:1144 the formulation 1130:1144 the formulation 1130:1144 Multivariate analysis showed that samples could be grouped by pH. Panelists preferred pH 7 products over acidic ones, and no significant differences in sensory properties were found using either corn starch or guar gum in the formulation. 28402599 8 56 theme pH. 970:972 arg1 Panelists 974:982 pH. Panelists 970:982 pH. Panelists preferred pH 7 products over acidic ones 970:1023 Multivariate analysis showed that samples could be grouped by pH. Panelists preferred pH 7 products over acidic ones, and no significant differences in sensory properties were found using either corn starch or guar gum in the formulation. 28402599 7 57 theme dried 813:817 arg1 gels 819:822 dried gels 813:822 dried gels with guar gum 813:836 Rubbery characteristics were found in dried gels with guar gum, while both corn starch and guar gum made the microstructure rougher. 28402599 9 58 theme food 1284:1287 arg1 formulations 1289:1300 food formulations 1284:1300 food formulations 1284:1300 CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that it is possible to generate a new product, which may open new applications for honey and whey in food formulations. 25287607 3 0 theme firmness 657:664 arg1 rate 666:669 curd firmness rate 652:669 curd firmness rate 652:669 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 0 theme firmness 657:664 arg1 size 539:542 fat globule size 527:542 fat globule size 527:542 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 0 theme firmness 657:664 arg1 properties 589:598 pH. Milk coagulation properties 568:598 pH. Milk coagulation properties 568:598 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 0 theme firmness 657:664 arg1 size 521:524 size 521:524 size 521:524 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 0 theme firmness 657:664 arg1 count 558:562 somatic cell count 545:562 somatic cell count 545:562 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 7 1 theme properties 1437:1446 arg1 prediction 1402:1411 the prediction 1398:1411 the prediction of the milk coagulation properties 1398:1446 These findings demonstrate the importance of using a wider range of milk compositional variables for the prediction of the milk coagulation properties, and hence as indicators of milk suitability for cheese making. 25287607 0 2 theme least 83:87 arg1 squares 89:95 partial least squares 75:95 partial least squares 75:95 Evaluation of milk compositional variables on coagulation properties using partial least squares. 25287607 4 3 theme previous 775:782 arg1 models 784:789 previous models 775:789 previous models demonstrating the value of measuring more milk components 775:847 The models derived from PLS had higher predictive power than previous models demonstrating the value of measuring more milk components. 25287607 1 4 from effects 143:149 arg1 properties 210:219 milk coagulation properties 193:219 milk coagulation properties using Partial Least Squares (PLS) 193:253 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of numerous milk compositional factors on milk coagulation properties using Partial Least Squares (PLS). 25287607 4 5 contain had 742:744 arg1 models 718:723 The models 714:723 The models derived from PLS 714:740 The models derived from PLS had higher predictive power than previous models demonstrating the value of measuring more milk components. 25287607 4 5 contain had 742:744 arg2 power 764:768 higher predictive power 746:768 higher predictive power 746:768 The models derived from PLS had higher predictive power than previous models demonstrating the value of measuring more milk components. 25287607 0 6 from Evaluation 0:9 arg1 properties 58:67 coagulation properties 46:67 coagulation properties using partial least squares 46:95 Evaluation of milk compositional variables on coagulation properties using partial least squares. 25287607 6 7 theme strong 1104:1109 arg1 relationship 1111:1122 a strong relationship 1102:1122 a strong relationship between lactose and curd firmness 1102:1156 The study also found a positive impact of fat on milk coagulation properties and a strong relationship between lactose and curd firmness, and urea and curd firmness rate, all of which warrant further investigation due to current lack of knowledge of the underlying mechanism. 25287607 3 8 theme urea 498:501 arg1 casein 441:446 casein 441:446 casein 441:446 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 8 theme urea 498:501 arg1 content 503:509 urea content 498:509 urea content 498:509 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 7 9 theme milk 1420:1423 arg1 properties 1437:1446 the milk coagulation properties 1416:1446 the milk coagulation properties 1416:1446 These findings demonstrate the importance of using a wider range of milk compositional variables for the prediction of the milk coagulation properties, and hence as indicators of milk suitability for cheese making. 25287607 6 10 theme fat 1063:1065 arg1 impact 1053:1058 a positive impact 1042:1058 a positive impact of fat on milk coagulation properties and a strong relationship between lactose and curd firmness, and urea and curd firmness rate, all of which warrant further investigation due to current lack of knowledge of the underlying mechanism 1042:1294 The study also found a positive impact of fat on milk coagulation properties and a strong relationship between lactose and curd firmness, and urea and curd firmness rate, all of which warrant further investigation due to current lack of knowledge of the underlying mechanism. 25287607 2 11 dep year 336:339 arg1 the 332:334 the 332:334 the 332:334 Milk from herds of Jersey and Holstein-Friesian cattle was collected across the year and blended (n=55), to maximise variation in composition and coagulation. 25287607 7 12 theme coagulation 1425:1435 arg1 properties 1437:1446 the milk coagulation properties 1416:1446 the milk coagulation properties 1416:1446 These findings demonstrate the importance of using a wider range of milk compositional variables for the prediction of the milk coagulation properties, and hence as indicators of milk suitability for cheese making. 25287607 4 13 theme predictive 753:762 arg1 power 764:768 higher predictive power 746:768 higher predictive power 746:768 The models derived from PLS had higher predictive power than previous models demonstrating the value of measuring more milk components. 25287607 5 14 theme casein 905:910 arg1 levels 924:929 casein and protein levels 905:929 casein and protein levels 905:929 In addition to the well-established relationships with casein and protein levels, CMS and fat globule size were found to have as strong impact on all of the three models. 25287607 6 15 from impact 1053:1058 arg1 properties 1087:1096 milk coagulation properties 1070:1096 milk coagulation properties 1070:1096 The study also found a positive impact of fat on milk coagulation properties and a strong relationship between lactose and curd firmness, and urea and curd firmness rate, all of which warrant further investigation due to current lack of knowledge of the underlying mechanism. 25287607 6 15 from impact 1053:1058 arg1 urea 1163:1166 urea 1163:1166 urea 1163:1166 The study also found a positive impact of fat on milk coagulation properties and a strong relationship between lactose and curd firmness, and urea and curd firmness rate, all of which warrant further investigation due to current lack of knowledge of the underlying mechanism. 25287607 6 15 from impact 1053:1058 arg1 relationship 1111:1122 a strong relationship 1102:1122 a strong relationship between lactose and curd firmness 1102:1156 The study also found a positive impact of fat on milk coagulation properties and a strong relationship between lactose and curd firmness, and urea and curd firmness rate, all of which warrant further investigation due to current lack of knowledge of the underlying mechanism. 25287607 6 15 from impact 1053:1058 arg1 rate 1186:1189 curd firmness rate 1172:1189 curd firmness rate 1172:1189 The study also found a positive impact of fat on milk coagulation properties and a strong relationship between lactose and curd firmness, and urea and curd firmness rate, all of which warrant further investigation due to current lack of knowledge of the underlying mechanism. 25287607 1 16 theme numerous 154:161 arg1 factors 182:188 numerous milk compositional factors 154:188 numerous milk compositional factors 154:188 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of numerous milk compositional factors on milk coagulation properties using Partial Least Squares (PLS). 25287607 6 17 theme further 1213:1219 arg1 investigation 1221:1233 further investigation 1213:1233 further investigation 1213:1233 The study also found a positive impact of fat on milk coagulation properties and a strong relationship between lactose and curd firmness, and urea and curd firmness rate, all of which warrant further investigation due to current lack of knowledge of the underlying mechanism. 25287607 4 18 theme higher 746:751 arg1 power 764:768 higher predictive power 746:768 higher predictive power 746:768 The models derived from PLS had higher predictive power than previous models demonstrating the value of measuring more milk components. 25287607 6 19 theme mechanism 1286:1294 arg1 knowledge 1258:1266 knowledge 1258:1266 knowledge of the underlying mechanism 1258:1294 The study also found a positive impact of fat on milk coagulation properties and a strong relationship between lactose and curd firmness, and urea and curd firmness rate, all of which warrant further investigation due to current lack of knowledge of the underlying mechanism. 25287607 1 20 theme milk 163:166 arg1 factors 182:188 numerous milk compositional factors 154:188 numerous milk compositional factors 154:188 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of numerous milk compositional factors on milk coagulation properties using Partial Least Squares (PLS). 25287607 3 21 theme curd 634:637 arg1 properties 589:598 pH. Milk coagulation properties 568:598 pH. Milk coagulation properties 568:598 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 21 theme curd 634:637 arg1 count 558:562 somatic cell count 545:562 somatic cell count 545:562 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 21 theme curd 634:637 arg1 firmness 639:646 curd firmness 634:646 curd firmness 634:646 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 21 theme curd 634:637 arg1 size 521:524 size 521:524 size 521:524 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 21 theme curd 634:637 arg1 size 539:542 fat globule size 527:542 fat globule size 527:542 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 6 22 theme knowledge 1258:1266 arg1 lack 1250:1253 current lack 1242:1253 current lack of knowledge of the underlying mechanism 1242:1294 The study also found a positive impact of fat on milk coagulation properties and a strong relationship between lactose and curd firmness, and urea and curd firmness rate, all of which warrant further investigation due to current lack of knowledge of the underlying mechanism. 25287607 6 23 theme positive 1044:1051 arg1 impact 1053:1058 a positive impact 1042:1058 a positive impact of fat on milk coagulation properties and a strong relationship between lactose and curd firmness, and urea and curd firmness rate, all of which warrant further investigation due to current lack of knowledge of the underlying mechanism 1042:1294 The study also found a positive impact of fat on milk coagulation properties and a strong relationship between lactose and curd firmness, and urea and curd firmness rate, all of which warrant further investigation due to current lack of knowledge of the underlying mechanism. 25287607 1 24 theme compositional 168:180 arg1 factors 182:188 numerous milk compositional factors 154:188 numerous milk compositional factors 154:188 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of numerous milk compositional factors on milk coagulation properties using Partial Least Squares (PLS). 25287607 7 25 theme compositional 1370:1382 arg1 variables 1384:1392 milk compositional variables 1365:1392 milk compositional variables 1365:1392 These findings demonstrate the importance of using a wider range of milk compositional variables for the prediction of the milk coagulation properties, and hence as indicators of milk suitability for cheese making. 25287607 2 26 theme Holstein-Friesian 286:302 arg1 herds 266:270 herds 266:270 herds of Jersey and Holstein-Friesian cattle 266:309 Milk from herds of Jersey and Holstein-Friesian cattle was collected across the year and blended (n=55), to maximise variation in composition and coagulation. 25287607 1 27 theme factors 182:188 arg1 effects 143:149 the effects 139:149 the effects of numerous milk compositional factors on milk coagulation properties using Partial Least Squares (PLS) 139:253 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of numerous milk compositional factors on milk coagulation properties using Partial Least Squares (PLS). 25287607 0 28 theme compositional 19:31 arg1 variables 33:41 milk compositional variables 14:41 milk compositional variables 14:41 Evaluation of milk compositional variables on coagulation properties using partial least squares. 25287607 6 29 theme coagulation 1075:1085 arg1 properties 1087:1096 milk coagulation properties 1070:1096 milk coagulation properties 1070:1096 The study also found a positive impact of fat on milk coagulation properties and a strong relationship between lactose and curd firmness, and urea and curd firmness rate, all of which warrant further investigation due to current lack of knowledge of the underlying mechanism. 25287607 6 29 theme coagulation 1075:1085 arg1 rate 1186:1189 curd firmness rate 1172:1189 curd firmness rate 1172:1189 The study also found a positive impact of fat on milk coagulation properties and a strong relationship between lactose and curd firmness, and urea and curd firmness rate, all of which warrant further investigation due to current lack of knowledge of the underlying mechanism. 25287607 6 29 theme coagulation 1075:1085 arg1 urea 1163:1166 urea 1163:1166 urea 1163:1166 The study also found a positive impact of fat on milk coagulation properties and a strong relationship between lactose and curd firmness, and urea and curd firmness rate, all of which warrant further investigation due to current lack of knowledge of the underlying mechanism. 25287607 7 30 theme making 1504:1509 arg1 cheese 1497:1502 cheese making 1497:1509 cheese making 1497:1509 These findings demonstrate the importance of using a wider range of milk compositional variables for the prediction of the milk coagulation properties, and hence as indicators of milk suitability for cheese making. 25287607 3 31 dep micelles 512:519 arg1 defined 605:611 defined 605:611 were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer 600:711 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 6 32 theme current 1242:1248 arg1 lack 1250:1253 current lack 1242:1253 current lack of knowledge of the underlying mechanism 1242:1294 The study also found a positive impact of fat on milk coagulation properties and a strong relationship between lactose and curd firmness, and urea and curd firmness rate, all of which warrant further investigation due to current lack of knowledge of the underlying mechanism. 25287607 5 33 theme well-established 869:884 arg1 relationships 886:898 the well-established relationships 865:898 the well-established relationships with casein and protein levels 865:929 In addition to the well-established relationships with casein and protein levels, CMS and fat globule size were found to have as strong impact on all of the three models. 25287607 0 34 theme milk 14:17 arg1 variables 33:41 milk compositional variables 14:41 milk compositional variables 14:41 Evaluation of milk compositional variables on coagulation properties using partial least squares. 25287607 3 35 theme curd 652:655 arg1 rate 666:669 curd firmness rate 652:669 curd firmness rate 652:669 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 35 theme curd 652:655 arg1 size 539:542 fat globule size 527:542 fat globule size 527:542 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 35 theme curd 652:655 arg1 properties 589:598 pH. Milk coagulation properties 568:598 pH. Milk coagulation properties 568:598 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 35 theme curd 652:655 arg1 size 521:524 size 521:524 size 521:524 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 35 theme curd 652:655 arg1 count 558:562 somatic cell count 545:562 somatic cell count 545:562 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 4 36 theme milk 833:836 arg1 components 838:847 more milk components 828:847 more milk components 828:847 The models derived from PLS had higher predictive power than previous models demonstrating the value of measuring more milk components. 25287607 2 37 theme Jersey 275:280 arg1 herds 266:270 herds 266:270 herds of Jersey and Holstein-Friesian cattle 266:309 Milk from herds of Jersey and Holstein-Friesian cattle was collected across the year and blended (n=55), to maximise variation in composition and coagulation. 25287607 1 38 theme milk 193:196 arg1 properties 210:219 milk coagulation properties 193:219 milk coagulation properties using Partial Least Squares (PLS) 193:253 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of numerous milk compositional factors on milk coagulation properties using Partial Least Squares (PLS). 25287607 5 39 contain have 971:974 arg2 impact 986:991 as strong impact 976:991 as strong impact 976:991 In addition to the well-established relationships with casein and protein levels, CMS and fat globule size were found to have as strong impact on all of the three models. 25287607 5 39 contain have 971:974 arg1 CMS 932:934 CMS 932:934 CMS 932:934 In addition to the well-established relationships with casein and protein levels, CMS and fat globule size were found to have as strong impact on all of the three models. 25287607 5 39 contain have 971:974 arg1 size 952:955 fat globule size 940:955 fat globule size 940:955 In addition to the well-established relationships with casein and protein levels, CMS and fat globule size were found to have as strong impact on all of the three models. 25287607 2 40 dep Jersey 275:280 arg1 cattle 304:309 cattle 304:309 cattle 304:309 Milk from herds of Jersey and Holstein-Friesian cattle was collected across the year and blended (n=55), to maximise variation in composition and coagulation. 25287607 3 41 theme pH. 568:570 arg1 firmness 639:646 curd firmness 634:646 curd firmness 634:646 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 41 theme pH. 568:570 arg1 count 558:562 somatic cell count 545:562 somatic cell count 545:562 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 41 theme pH. 568:570 arg1 size 539:542 fat globule size 527:542 fat globule size 527:542 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 41 theme pH. 568:570 arg1 time 628:631 coagulation time 616:631 coagulation time 616:631 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 41 theme pH. 568:570 arg1 rate 666:669 curd firmness rate 652:669 curd firmness rate 652:669 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 41 theme pH. 568:570 arg1 properties 589:598 pH. Milk coagulation properties 568:598 pH. Milk coagulation properties 568:598 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 41 theme pH. 568:570 arg1 size 521:524 size 521:524 size 521:524 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 1 42 theme coagulation 198:208 arg1 properties 210:219 milk coagulation properties 193:219 milk coagulation properties using Partial Least Squares (PLS) 193:253 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of numerous milk compositional factors on milk coagulation properties using Partial Least Squares (PLS). 25287607 0 43 theme variables 33:41 arg1 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation of milk compositional variables on coagulation properties using partial least squares. 0:96 Evaluation of milk compositional variables on coagulation properties using partial least squares. 25287607 3 44 theme controlled 685:694 arg1 rheometer 703:711 a controlled strain rheometer 683:711 a controlled strain rheometer 683:711 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 6 45 theme underlying 1275:1284 arg1 mechanism 1286:1294 the underlying mechanism 1271:1294 the underlying mechanism 1271:1294 The study also found a positive impact of fat on milk coagulation properties and a strong relationship between lactose and curd firmness, and urea and curd firmness rate, all of which warrant further investigation due to current lack of knowledge of the underlying mechanism. 25287607 3 46 theme cell 553:556 arg1 firmness 639:646 curd firmness 634:646 curd firmness 634:646 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 46 theme cell 553:556 arg1 count 558:562 somatic cell count 545:562 somatic cell count 545:562 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 46 theme cell 553:556 arg1 size 539:542 fat globule size 527:542 fat globule size 527:542 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 46 theme cell 553:556 arg1 time 628:631 coagulation time 616:631 coagulation time 616:631 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 46 theme cell 553:556 arg1 rate 666:669 curd firmness rate 652:669 curd firmness rate 652:669 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 46 theme cell 553:556 arg1 properties 589:598 pH. Milk coagulation properties 568:598 pH. Milk coagulation properties 568:598 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 46 theme cell 553:556 arg1 size 521:524 size 521:524 size 521:524 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 47 theme fat 527:529 arg1 firmness 639:646 curd firmness 634:646 curd firmness 634:646 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 47 theme fat 527:529 arg1 count 558:562 somatic cell count 545:562 somatic cell count 545:562 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 47 theme fat 527:529 arg1 size 539:542 fat globule size 527:542 fat globule size 527:542 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 47 theme fat 527:529 arg1 time 628:631 coagulation time 616:631 coagulation time 616:631 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 47 theme fat 527:529 arg1 rate 666:669 curd firmness rate 652:669 curd firmness rate 652:669 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 47 theme fat 527:529 arg1 properties 589:598 pH. Milk coagulation properties 568:598 pH. Milk coagulation properties 568:598 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 47 theme fat 527:529 arg1 size 521:524 size 521:524 size 521:524 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 5 48 with relationships 886:898 arg1 levels 924:929 casein and protein levels 905:929 casein and protein levels 905:929 In addition to the well-established relationships with casein and protein levels, CMS and fat globule size were found to have as strong impact on all of the three models. 25287607 3 49 theme strain 696:701 arg1 rheometer 703:711 a controlled strain rheometer 683:711 a controlled strain rheometer 683:711 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 5 50 theme globule 944:950 arg1 size 952:955 fat globule size 940:955 fat globule size 940:955 In addition to the well-established relationships with casein and protein levels, CMS and fat globule size were found to have as strong impact on all of the three models. 25287607 6 51 theme firmness 1177:1184 arg1 rate 1186:1189 curd firmness rate 1172:1189 curd firmness rate 1172:1189 The study also found a positive impact of fat on milk coagulation properties and a strong relationship between lactose and curd firmness, and urea and curd firmness rate, all of which warrant further investigation due to current lack of knowledge of the underlying mechanism. 25287607 6 51 theme firmness 1177:1184 arg1 properties 1087:1096 milk coagulation properties 1070:1096 milk coagulation properties 1070:1096 The study also found a positive impact of fat on milk coagulation properties and a strong relationship between lactose and curd firmness, and urea and curd firmness rate, all of which warrant further investigation due to current lack of knowledge of the underlying mechanism. 25287607 0 52 theme coagulation 46:56 arg1 properties 58:67 coagulation properties 46:67 coagulation properties using partial least squares 46:95 Evaluation of milk compositional variables on coagulation properties using partial least squares. 25287607 7 53 theme variables 1384:1392 arg1 range 1356:1360 a wider range 1348:1360 a wider range of milk compositional variables 1348:1392 These findings demonstrate the importance of using a wider range of milk compositional variables for the prediction of the milk coagulation properties, and hence as indicators of milk suitability for cheese making. 25287607 5 54 theme strong 979:984 arg1 impact 986:991 as strong impact 976:991 as strong impact 976:991 In addition to the well-established relationships with casein and protein levels, CMS and fat globule size were found to have as strong impact on all of the three models. 25287607 1 55 theme study 114:118 arg1 aim 102:104 The aim 98:104 The aim of this study 98:118 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of numerous milk compositional factors on milk coagulation properties using Partial Least Squares (PLS). 25287607 7 56 theme wider 1350:1354 arg1 range 1356:1360 a wider range 1348:1360 a wider range of milk compositional variables 1348:1392 These findings demonstrate the importance of using a wider range of milk compositional variables for the prediction of the milk coagulation properties, and hence as indicators of milk suitability for cheese making. 25287607 7 57 theme milk 1476:1479 arg1 suitability 1481:1491 milk suitability 1476:1491 milk suitability for cheese making 1476:1509 These findings demonstrate the importance of using a wider range of milk compositional variables for the prediction of the milk coagulation properties, and hence as indicators of milk suitability for cheese making. 25287607 4 58 theme more 828:831 arg1 components 838:847 more milk components 828:847 more milk components 828:847 The models derived from PLS had higher predictive power than previous models demonstrating the value of measuring more milk components. 25287607 7 59 theme milk 1365:1368 arg1 variables 1384:1392 milk compositional variables 1365:1392 milk compositional variables 1365:1392 These findings demonstrate the importance of using a wider range of milk compositional variables for the prediction of the milk coagulation properties, and hence as indicators of milk suitability for cheese making. 25287607 5 60 theme protein 916:922 arg1 levels 924:929 casein and protein levels 905:929 casein and protein levels 905:929 In addition to the well-established relationships with casein and protein levels, CMS and fat globule size were found to have as strong impact on all of the three models. 25287607 5 61 theme fat 940:942 arg1 size 952:955 fat globule size 940:955 fat globule size 940:955 In addition to the well-established relationships with casein and protein levels, CMS and fat globule size were found to have as strong impact on all of the three models. 25287607 3 62 theme casein 441:446 arg1 micelles 512:519 casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles 441:519 casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer 441:711 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 4 63 attach derived 725:731 arg1 PLS 738:740 PLS 738:740 PLS 738:740 The models derived from PLS had higher predictive power than previous models demonstrating the value of measuring more milk components. 25287607 4 63 attach derived 725:731 arg2 models 718:723 The models 714:723 The models derived from PLS 714:740 The models derived from PLS had higher predictive power than previous models demonstrating the value of measuring more milk components. 25287607 6 64 theme curd 1172:1175 arg1 rate 1186:1189 curd firmness rate 1172:1189 curd firmness rate 1172:1189 The study also found a positive impact of fat on milk coagulation properties and a strong relationship between lactose and curd firmness, and urea and curd firmness rate, all of which warrant further investigation due to current lack of knowledge of the underlying mechanism. 25287607 6 64 theme curd 1172:1175 arg1 properties 1087:1096 milk coagulation properties 1070:1096 milk coagulation properties 1070:1096 The study also found a positive impact of fat on milk coagulation properties and a strong relationship between lactose and curd firmness, and urea and curd firmness rate, all of which warrant further investigation due to current lack of knowledge of the underlying mechanism. 25287607 3 65 theme Milk 572:575 arg1 firmness 639:646 curd firmness 634:646 curd firmness 634:646 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 65 theme Milk 572:575 arg1 count 558:562 somatic cell count 545:562 somatic cell count 545:562 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 65 theme Milk 572:575 arg1 size 539:542 fat globule size 527:542 fat globule size 527:542 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 65 theme Milk 572:575 arg1 time 628:631 coagulation time 616:631 coagulation time 616:631 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 65 theme Milk 572:575 arg1 rate 666:669 curd firmness rate 652:669 curd firmness rate 652:669 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 65 theme Milk 572:575 arg1 properties 589:598 pH. Milk coagulation properties 568:598 pH. Milk coagulation properties 568:598 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 65 theme Milk 572:575 arg1 size 521:524 size 521:524 size 521:524 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 66 theme somatic 545:551 arg1 firmness 639:646 curd firmness 634:646 curd firmness 634:646 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 66 theme somatic 545:551 arg1 count 558:562 somatic cell count 545:562 somatic cell count 545:562 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 66 theme somatic 545:551 arg1 size 539:542 fat globule size 527:542 fat globule size 527:542 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 66 theme somatic 545:551 arg1 time 628:631 coagulation time 616:631 coagulation time 616:631 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 66 theme somatic 545:551 arg1 rate 666:669 curd firmness rate 652:669 curd firmness rate 652:669 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 66 theme somatic 545:551 arg1 properties 589:598 pH. Milk coagulation properties 568:598 pH. Milk coagulation properties 568:598 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 66 theme somatic 545:551 arg1 size 521:524 size 521:524 size 521:524 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 2 67 from variation 373:381 arg1 coagulation 402:412 coagulation 402:412 coagulation 402:412 Milk from herds of Jersey and Holstein-Friesian cattle was collected across the year and blended (n=55), to maximise variation in composition and coagulation. 25287607 2 67 from variation 373:381 arg1 composition 386:396 composition 386:396 composition 386:396 Milk from herds of Jersey and Holstein-Friesian cattle was collected across the year and blended (n=55), to maximise variation in composition and coagulation. 25287607 1 68 theme Partial 227:233 arg1 PLS 250:252 PLS 250:252 PLS 250:252 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of numerous milk compositional factors on milk coagulation properties using Partial Least Squares (PLS). 25287607 1 68 theme Partial 227:233 arg1 Squares 241:247 Partial Least Squares 227:247 Partial Least Squares (PLS) 227:253 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of numerous milk compositional factors on milk coagulation properties using Partial Least Squares (PLS). 25287607 0 69 theme partial 75:81 arg1 squares 89:95 partial least squares 75:95 partial least squares 75:95 Evaluation of milk compositional variables on coagulation properties using partial least squares. 25287607 3 70 theme coagulation 577:587 arg1 firmness 639:646 curd firmness 634:646 curd firmness 634:646 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 70 theme coagulation 577:587 arg1 count 558:562 somatic cell count 545:562 somatic cell count 545:562 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 70 theme coagulation 577:587 arg1 size 539:542 fat globule size 527:542 fat globule size 527:542 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 70 theme coagulation 577:587 arg1 time 628:631 coagulation time 616:631 coagulation time 616:631 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 70 theme coagulation 577:587 arg1 rate 666:669 curd firmness rate 652:669 curd firmness rate 652:669 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 70 theme coagulation 577:587 arg1 properties 589:598 pH. Milk coagulation properties 568:598 pH. Milk coagulation properties 568:598 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 70 theme coagulation 577:587 arg1 size 521:524 size 521:524 size 521:524 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 71 theme globule 531:537 arg1 firmness 639:646 curd firmness 634:646 curd firmness 634:646 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 71 theme globule 531:537 arg1 count 558:562 somatic cell count 545:562 somatic cell count 545:562 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 71 theme globule 531:537 arg1 size 539:542 fat globule size 527:542 fat globule size 527:542 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 71 theme globule 531:537 arg1 time 628:631 coagulation time 616:631 coagulation time 616:631 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 71 theme globule 531:537 arg1 rate 666:669 curd firmness rate 652:669 curd firmness rate 652:669 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 71 theme globule 531:537 arg1 properties 589:598 pH. Milk coagulation properties 568:598 pH. Milk coagulation properties 568:598 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 71 theme globule 531:537 arg1 size 521:524 size 521:524 size 521:524 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 72 theme titratable 463:472 arg1 casein 441:446 casein 441:446 casein 441:446 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 72 theme titratable 463:472 arg1 acidity 474:480 titratable acidity 463:480 titratable acidity 463:480 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 2 73 from herds 266:270 arg1 Milk 256:259 Milk 256:259 Milk from herds of Jersey and Holstein-Friesian cattle 256:309 Milk from herds of Jersey and Holstein-Friesian cattle was collected across the year and blended (n=55), to maximise variation in composition and coagulation. 25287607 1 74 theme Least 235:239 arg1 PLS 250:252 PLS 250:252 PLS 250:252 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of numerous milk compositional factors on milk coagulation properties using Partial Least Squares (PLS). 25287607 1 74 theme Least 235:239 arg1 Squares 241:247 Partial Least Squares 227:247 Partial Least Squares (PLS) 227:253 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of numerous milk compositional factors on milk coagulation properties using Partial Least Squares (PLS). 25287607 6 75 dep lactose 1132:1138 arg1 firmness 1149:1156 firmness 1149:1156 firmness 1149:1156 The study also found a positive impact of fat on milk coagulation properties and a strong relationship between lactose and curd firmness, and urea and curd firmness rate, all of which warrant further investigation due to current lack of knowledge of the underlying mechanism. 25287607 3 76 theme coagulation 616:626 arg1 size 539:542 fat globule size 527:542 fat globule size 527:542 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 76 theme coagulation 616:626 arg1 time 628:631 coagulation time 616:631 coagulation time 616:631 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 76 theme coagulation 616:626 arg1 properties 589:598 pH. Milk coagulation properties 568:598 pH. Milk coagulation properties 568:598 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 76 theme coagulation 616:626 arg1 size 521:524 size 521:524 size 521:524 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 3 76 theme coagulation 616:626 arg1 count 558:562 somatic cell count 545:562 somatic cell count 545:562 The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. 25287607 6 77 theme milk 1070:1073 arg1 properties 1087:1096 milk coagulation properties 1070:1096 milk coagulation properties 1070:1096 The study also found a positive impact of fat on milk coagulation properties and a strong relationship between lactose and curd firmness, and urea and curd firmness rate, all of which warrant further investigation due to current lack of knowledge of the underlying mechanism. 25287607 6 77 theme milk 1070:1073 arg1 rate 1186:1189 curd firmness rate 1172:1189 curd firmness rate 1172:1189 The study also found a positive impact of fat on milk coagulation properties and a strong relationship between lactose and curd firmness, and urea and curd firmness rate, all of which warrant further investigation due to current lack of knowledge of the underlying mechanism. 25287607 6 77 theme milk 1070:1073 arg1 urea 1163:1166 urea 1163:1166 urea 1163:1166 The study also found a positive impact of fat on milk coagulation properties and a strong relationship between lactose and curd firmness, and urea and curd firmness rate, all of which warrant further investigation due to current lack of knowledge of the underlying mechanism. 25287607 7 78 theme suitability 1481:1491 arg1 indicators 1462:1471 indicators 1462:1471 indicators of milk suitability for cheese making 1462:1509 These findings demonstrate the importance of using a wider range of milk compositional variables for the prediction of the milk coagulation properties, and hence as indicators of milk suitability for cheese making. 26428166 4 0 from °C 770:771 arg1 medium 812:817 the fermentation medium 795:817 the fermentation medium 795:817 An optimum fermentation condition for pectin production was obtained through a central composite rotatable design in response surface methodology as follows: fermentation time, 30.09 h, temperature, 25.00 °C and the initial pH in the fermentation medium, 6.90, respectively and the pectin yield reached the maximal value 0.449 g/g. 26428166 4 1 theme pectin 847:852 arg1 yield 854:858 the pectin yield 843:858 the pectin yield 843:858 An optimum fermentation condition for pectin production was obtained through a central composite rotatable design in response surface methodology as follows: fermentation time, 30.09 h, temperature, 25.00 °C and the initial pH in the fermentation medium, 6.90, respectively and the pectin yield reached the maximal value 0.449 g/g. 26428166 6 2 theme high 1238:1241 arg1 pectin 1252:1257 high methoxyl pectin 1238:1257 high methoxyl pectin for food industry, pharmacy and cosmetic manufacture 1238:1310 The investigation can make it available to utilize persimmon peel to produce high methoxyl pectin for food industry, pharmacy and cosmetic manufacture. 26428166 1 3 theme top 158:160 arg1 countries 186:194 the world's top ten persimmon producing countries 146:194 the world's top ten persimmon producing countries 146:194 Figures of persimmons for the world's top ten persimmon producing countries are about 4000,000 tons in 2011 and are increasing every year according to FAO statistics. 26428166 4 4 theme fermentation 576:587 arg1 condition 589:597 An optimum fermentation condition 565:597 An optimum fermentation condition for pectin production 565:619 An optimum fermentation condition for pectin production was obtained through a central composite rotatable design in response surface methodology as follows: fermentation time, 30.09 h, temperature, 25.00 °C and the initial pH in the fermentation medium, 6.90, respectively and the pectin yield reached the maximal value 0.449 g/g. 26428166 4 4 theme fermentation 576:587 arg1 follows 714:720 follows 714:720 follows 714:720 An optimum fermentation condition for pectin production was obtained through a central composite rotatable design in response surface methodology as follows: fermentation time, 30.09 h, temperature, 25.00 °C and the initial pH in the fermentation medium, 6.90, respectively and the pectin yield reached the maximal value 0.449 g/g. 26428166 5 5 dep methoxylated 930:941 arg1 % 949:949 62.51% 944:949 62.51% 944:949 Persimmon peel pectin had highly methoxylated (62.51%), high galacturonic acid content (82.28%) than citrus pectin, and was classified as the highly methoxylated pectin, the results indicated that persimmon peel had potential good resources for pectin production. 26428166 3 6 from Optimization 389:400 arg1 culture 488:494 submerged culture 478:494 submerged culture 478:494 Optimization of fermentation conditions of pectin production from Aspergillus terreus in submerged culture and partial characterization of pectin were carried out in the work. 26428166 3 6 from Optimization 389:400 arg1 characterization 508:523 partial characterization 500:523 partial characterization 500:523 Optimization of fermentation conditions of pectin production from Aspergillus terreus in submerged culture and partial characterization of pectin were carried out in the work. 26428166 3 6 from Optimization 389:400 arg1 terreus 467:473 Aspergillus terreus 455:473 Aspergillus terreus 455:473 Optimization of fermentation conditions of pectin production from Aspergillus terreus in submerged culture and partial characterization of pectin were carried out in the work. 26428166 5 7 theme citrus 998:1003 arg1 pectin 1005:1010 citrus pectin 998:1010 citrus pectin 998:1010 Persimmon peel pectin had highly methoxylated (62.51%), high galacturonic acid content (82.28%) than citrus pectin, and was classified as the highly methoxylated pectin, the results indicated that persimmon peel had potential good resources for pectin production. 26428166 2 8 from report 313:318 arg1 production 330:339 pectin production 323:339 pectin production by microbial with persimmon peel as the source 323:386 However, there is not any report on pectin production by microbial with persimmon peel as the source. 26428166 4 9 theme optimum 568:574 arg1 condition 589:597 An optimum fermentation condition 565:597 An optimum fermentation condition for pectin production 565:619 An optimum fermentation condition for pectin production was obtained through a central composite rotatable design in response surface methodology as follows: fermentation time, 30.09 h, temperature, 25.00 °C and the initial pH in the fermentation medium, 6.90, respectively and the pectin yield reached the maximal value 0.449 g/g. 26428166 4 9 theme optimum 568:574 arg1 follows 714:720 follows 714:720 follows 714:720 An optimum fermentation condition for pectin production was obtained through a central composite rotatable design in response surface methodology as follows: fermentation time, 30.09 h, temperature, 25.00 °C and the initial pH in the fermentation medium, 6.90, respectively and the pectin yield reached the maximal value 0.449 g/g. 26428166 5 10 theme high 953:956 arg1 content 976:982 highly methoxylated (62.51%), high galacturonic acid content 923:982 content 976:982 Persimmon peel pectin had highly methoxylated (62.51%), high galacturonic acid content (82.28%) than citrus pectin, and was classified as the highly methoxylated pectin, the results indicated that persimmon peel had potential good resources for pectin production. 26428166 5 10 theme high 953:956 arg1 % 990:990 82.28% 985:990 82.28% 985:990 Persimmon peel pectin had highly methoxylated (62.51%), high galacturonic acid content (82.28%) than citrus pectin, and was classified as the highly methoxylated pectin, the results indicated that persimmon peel had potential good resources for pectin production. 26428166 3 11 from characterization 508:523 arg1 Optimization 389:400 Optimization 389:400 Optimization of fermentation conditions of pectin production from Aspergillus terreus in submerged culture and partial characterization of pectin 389:533 Optimization of fermentation conditions of pectin production from Aspergillus terreus in submerged culture and partial characterization of pectin were carried out in the work. 26428166 4 12 dep follows 714:720 arg1 pH 789:790 the initial pH 777:790 the initial pH in the fermentation medium 777:817 An optimum fermentation condition for pectin production was obtained through a central composite rotatable design in response surface methodology as follows: fermentation time, 30.09 h, temperature, 25.00 °C and the initial pH in the fermentation medium, 6.90, respectively and the pectin yield reached the maximal value 0.449 g/g. 26428166 4 12 dep follows 714:720 arg1 time 736:739 fermentation time 723:739 fermentation time 723:739 An optimum fermentation condition for pectin production was obtained through a central composite rotatable design in response surface methodology as follows: fermentation time, 30.09 h, temperature, 25.00 °C and the initial pH in the fermentation medium, 6.90, respectively and the pectin yield reached the maximal value 0.449 g/g. 26428166 4 12 dep follows 714:720 arg1 temperature 751:761 temperature 751:761 temperature 751:761 An optimum fermentation condition for pectin production was obtained through a central composite rotatable design in response surface methodology as follows: fermentation time, 30.09 h, temperature, 25.00 °C and the initial pH in the fermentation medium, 6.90, respectively and the pectin yield reached the maximal value 0.449 g/g. 26428166 4 12 dep follows 714:720 arg1 °C 770:771 25.00 °C 764:771 25.00 °C 764:771 An optimum fermentation condition for pectin production was obtained through a central composite rotatable design in response surface methodology as follows: fermentation time, 30.09 h, temperature, 25.00 °C and the initial pH in the fermentation medium, 6.90, respectively and the pectin yield reached the maximal value 0.449 g/g. 26428166 4 12 dep follows 714:720 arg1 h 748:748 30.09 h 742:748 30.09 h 742:748 An optimum fermentation condition for pectin production was obtained through a central composite rotatable design in response surface methodology as follows: fermentation time, 30.09 h, temperature, 25.00 °C and the initial pH in the fermentation medium, 6.90, respectively and the pectin yield reached the maximal value 0.449 g/g. 26428166 0 13 theme partial 94:100 arg1 characterization 102:117 its partial characterization 90:117 its partial characterization 90:117 Optimization of fermentation conditions of pectin production from Aspergillus terreus and its partial characterization. 26428166 6 14 theme persimmon 1212:1220 arg1 peel 1222:1225 persimmon peel 1212:1225 persimmon peel 1212:1225 The investigation can make it available to utilize persimmon peel to produce high methoxyl pectin for food industry, pharmacy and cosmetic manufacture. 26428166 3 15 theme partial 500:506 arg1 characterization 508:523 partial characterization 500:523 partial characterization 500:523 Optimization of fermentation conditions of pectin production from Aspergillus terreus in submerged culture and partial characterization of pectin were carried out in the work. 26428166 5 16 theme peel 907:910 arg1 pectin 912:917 Persimmon peel pectin 897:917 Persimmon peel pectin 897:917 Persimmon peel pectin had highly methoxylated (62.51%), high galacturonic acid content (82.28%) than citrus pectin, and was classified as the highly methoxylated pectin, the results indicated that persimmon peel had potential good resources for pectin production. 26428166 5 16 theme peel 907:910 arg1 pectin 1059:1064 the highly methoxylated pectin 1035:1064 the highly methoxylated pectin 1035:1064 Persimmon peel pectin had highly methoxylated (62.51%), high galacturonic acid content (82.28%) than citrus pectin, and was classified as the highly methoxylated pectin, the results indicated that persimmon peel had potential good resources for pectin production. 26428166 6 17 theme cosmetic 1291:1298 arg1 manufacture 1300:1310 cosmetic manufacture 1291:1310 cosmetic manufacture 1291:1310 The investigation can make it available to utilize persimmon peel to produce high methoxyl pectin for food industry, pharmacy and cosmetic manufacture. 26428166 4 18 theme fermentation 723:734 arg1 time 736:739 fermentation time 723:739 fermentation time 723:739 An optimum fermentation condition for pectin production was obtained through a central composite rotatable design in response surface methodology as follows: fermentation time, 30.09 h, temperature, 25.00 °C and the initial pH in the fermentation medium, 6.90, respectively and the pectin yield reached the maximal value 0.449 g/g. 26428166 4 19 theme response 682:689 arg1 methodology 699:709 response surface methodology 682:709 response surface methodology 682:709 An optimum fermentation condition for pectin production was obtained through a central composite rotatable design in response surface methodology as follows: fermentation time, 30.09 h, temperature, 25.00 °C and the initial pH in the fermentation medium, 6.90, respectively and the pectin yield reached the maximal value 0.449 g/g. 26428166 1 20 theme persimmon 166:174 arg1 countries 186:194 the world's top ten persimmon producing countries 146:194 the world's top ten persimmon producing countries 146:194 Figures of persimmons for the world's top ten persimmon producing countries are about 4000,000 tons in 2011 and are increasing every year according to FAO statistics. 26428166 4 21 theme 6.90 820:823 arg1 pH 789:790 the initial pH 777:790 the initial pH in the fermentation medium 777:817 An optimum fermentation condition for pectin production was obtained through a central composite rotatable design in response surface methodology as follows: fermentation time, 30.09 h, temperature, 25.00 °C and the initial pH in the fermentation medium, 6.90, respectively and the pectin yield reached the maximal value 0.449 g/g. 26428166 4 22 from temperature 751:761 arg1 medium 812:817 the fermentation medium 795:817 the fermentation medium 795:817 An optimum fermentation condition for pectin production was obtained through a central composite rotatable design in response surface methodology as follows: fermentation time, 30.09 h, temperature, 25.00 °C and the initial pH in the fermentation medium, 6.90, respectively and the pectin yield reached the maximal value 0.449 g/g. 26428166 4 23 from design 672:677 arg1 methodology 699:709 response surface methodology 682:709 response surface methodology 682:709 An optimum fermentation condition for pectin production was obtained through a central composite rotatable design in response surface methodology as follows: fermentation time, 30.09 h, temperature, 25.00 °C and the initial pH in the fermentation medium, 6.90, respectively and the pectin yield reached the maximal value 0.449 g/g. 26428166 1 24 theme producing 176:184 arg1 countries 186:194 the world's top ten persimmon producing countries 146:194 the world's top ten persimmon producing countries 146:194 Figures of persimmons for the world's top ten persimmon producing countries are about 4000,000 tons in 2011 and are increasing every year according to FAO statistics. 26428166 5 25 theme methoxylated 1046:1057 arg1 pectin 912:917 Persimmon peel pectin 897:917 Persimmon peel pectin 897:917 Persimmon peel pectin had highly methoxylated (62.51%), high galacturonic acid content (82.28%) than citrus pectin, and was classified as the highly methoxylated pectin, the results indicated that persimmon peel had potential good resources for pectin production. 26428166 5 25 theme methoxylated 1046:1057 arg1 pectin 1059:1064 the highly methoxylated pectin 1035:1064 the highly methoxylated pectin 1035:1064 Persimmon peel pectin had highly methoxylated (62.51%), high galacturonic acid content (82.28%) than citrus pectin, and was classified as the highly methoxylated pectin, the results indicated that persimmon peel had potential good resources for pectin production. 26428166 4 26 theme rotatable 662:670 arg1 design 672:677 a central composite rotatable design 642:677 a central composite rotatable design in response surface methodology 642:709 An optimum fermentation condition for pectin production was obtained through a central composite rotatable design in response surface methodology as follows: fermentation time, 30.09 h, temperature, 25.00 °C and the initial pH in the fermentation medium, 6.90, respectively and the pectin yield reached the maximal value 0.449 g/g. 26428166 3 27 theme fermentation 405:416 arg1 conditions 418:427 fermentation conditions 405:427 fermentation conditions 405:427 Optimization of fermentation conditions of pectin production from Aspergillus terreus in submerged culture and partial characterization of pectin were carried out in the work. 26428166 1 28 theme FAO 271:273 arg1 statistics 275:284 FAO statistics 271:284 FAO statistics 271:284 Figures of persimmons for the world's top ten persimmon producing countries are about 4000,000 tons in 2011 and are increasing every year according to FAO statistics. 26428166 3 29 from culture 488:494 arg1 Optimization 389:400 Optimization 389:400 Optimization of fermentation conditions of pectin production from Aspergillus terreus in submerged culture and partial characterization of pectin 389:533 Optimization of fermentation conditions of pectin production from Aspergillus terreus in submerged culture and partial characterization of pectin were carried out in the work. 26428166 3 30 theme conditions 418:427 arg1 Optimization 389:400 Optimization 389:400 Optimization of fermentation conditions of pectin production from Aspergillus terreus in submerged culture and partial characterization of pectin 389:533 Optimization of fermentation conditions of pectin production from Aspergillus terreus in submerged culture and partial characterization of pectin were carried out in the work. 26428166 4 31 from h 748:748 arg1 medium 812:817 the fermentation medium 795:817 the fermentation medium 795:817 An optimum fermentation condition for pectin production was obtained through a central composite rotatable design in response surface methodology as follows: fermentation time, 30.09 h, temperature, 25.00 °C and the initial pH in the fermentation medium, 6.90, respectively and the pectin yield reached the maximal value 0.449 g/g. 26428166 0 32 theme fermentation 16:27 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of fermentation 0:27 Optimization of fermentation conditions of pectin production from Aspergillus terreus and its partial characterization. 26428166 5 33 theme good 1123:1126 arg1 resources 1128:1136 potential good resources 1113:1136 potential good resources for pectin production 1113:1158 Persimmon peel pectin had highly methoxylated (62.51%), high galacturonic acid content (82.28%) than citrus pectin, and was classified as the highly methoxylated pectin, the results indicated that persimmon peel had potential good resources for pectin production. 26428166 5 34 theme methoxylated 930:941 arg1 content 976:982 highly methoxylated (62.51%), high galacturonic acid content 923:982 content 976:982 Persimmon peel pectin had highly methoxylated (62.51%), high galacturonic acid content (82.28%) than citrus pectin, and was classified as the highly methoxylated pectin, the results indicated that persimmon peel had potential good resources for pectin production. 26428166 5 34 theme methoxylated 930:941 arg1 % 990:990 82.28% 985:990 82.28% 985:990 Persimmon peel pectin had highly methoxylated (62.51%), high galacturonic acid content (82.28%) than citrus pectin, and was classified as the highly methoxylated pectin, the results indicated that persimmon peel had potential good resources for pectin production. 26428166 5 35 contain had 919:921 arg2 % 990:990 82.28% 985:990 82.28% 985:990 Persimmon peel pectin had highly methoxylated (62.51%), high galacturonic acid content (82.28%) than citrus pectin, and was classified as the highly methoxylated pectin, the results indicated that persimmon peel had potential good resources for pectin production. 26428166 5 35 contain had 919:921 arg1 pectin 912:917 Persimmon peel pectin 897:917 Persimmon peel pectin 897:917 Persimmon peel pectin had highly methoxylated (62.51%), high galacturonic acid content (82.28%) than citrus pectin, and was classified as the highly methoxylated pectin, the results indicated that persimmon peel had potential good resources for pectin production. 26428166 5 35 contain had 919:921 arg2 content 976:982 highly methoxylated (62.51%), high galacturonic acid content 923:982 content 976:982 Persimmon peel pectin had highly methoxylated (62.51%), high galacturonic acid content (82.28%) than citrus pectin, and was classified as the highly methoxylated pectin, the results indicated that persimmon peel had potential good resources for pectin production. 26428166 5 35 contain had 919:921 arg1 pectin 1059:1064 the highly methoxylated pectin 1035:1064 the highly methoxylated pectin 1035:1064 Persimmon peel pectin had highly methoxylated (62.51%), high galacturonic acid content (82.28%) than citrus pectin, and was classified as the highly methoxylated pectin, the results indicated that persimmon peel had potential good resources for pectin production. 26428166 0 36 theme pectin 43:48 arg1 production 50:59 pectin production 43:59 pectin production from Aspergillus terreus and its partial characterization 43:117 Optimization of fermentation conditions of pectin production from Aspergillus terreus and its partial characterization. 26428166 4 37 theme composite 652:660 arg1 design 672:677 a central composite rotatable design 642:677 a central composite rotatable design in response surface methodology 642:709 An optimum fermentation condition for pectin production was obtained through a central composite rotatable design in response surface methodology as follows: fermentation time, 30.09 h, temperature, 25.00 °C and the initial pH in the fermentation medium, 6.90, respectively and the pectin yield reached the maximal value 0.449 g/g. 26428166 4 38 theme fermentation 799:810 arg1 medium 812:817 the fermentation medium 795:817 the fermentation medium 795:817 An optimum fermentation condition for pectin production was obtained through a central composite rotatable design in response surface methodology as follows: fermentation time, 30.09 h, temperature, 25.00 °C and the initial pH in the fermentation medium, 6.90, respectively and the pectin yield reached the maximal value 0.449 g/g. 26428166 3 39 theme production 439:448 arg1 Optimization 389:400 Optimization 389:400 Optimization of fermentation conditions of pectin production from Aspergillus terreus in submerged culture and partial characterization of pectin 389:533 Optimization of fermentation conditions of pectin production from Aspergillus terreus in submerged culture and partial characterization of pectin were carried out in the work. 26428166 5 40 contain had 1109:1111 arg2 resources 1128:1136 potential good resources 1113:1136 potential good resources for pectin production 1113:1158 Persimmon peel pectin had highly methoxylated (62.51%), high galacturonic acid content (82.28%) than citrus pectin, and was classified as the highly methoxylated pectin, the results indicated that persimmon peel had potential good resources for pectin production. 26428166 5 40 contain had 1109:1111 arg1 peel 1104:1107 persimmon peel 1094:1107 persimmon peel 1094:1107 Persimmon peel pectin had highly methoxylated (62.51%), high galacturonic acid content (82.28%) than citrus pectin, and was classified as the highly methoxylated pectin, the results indicated that persimmon peel had potential good resources for pectin production. 26428166 0 41 from terreus 78:84 arg1 production 50:59 pectin production 43:59 pectin production from Aspergillus terreus and its partial characterization 43:117 Optimization of fermentation conditions of pectin production from Aspergillus terreus and its partial characterization. 26428166 1 42 from tons 215:218 arg1 2011 223:226 2011 223:226 2011 223:226 Figures of persimmons for the world's top ten persimmon producing countries are about 4000,000 tons in 2011 and are increasing every year according to FAO statistics. 26428166 4 43 theme central 644:650 arg1 design 672:677 a central composite rotatable design 642:677 a central composite rotatable design in response surface methodology 642:709 An optimum fermentation condition for pectin production was obtained through a central composite rotatable design in response surface methodology as follows: fermentation time, 30.09 h, temperature, 25.00 °C and the initial pH in the fermentation medium, 6.90, respectively and the pectin yield reached the maximal value 0.449 g/g. 26428166 4 44 theme maximal 872:878 arg1 g/g 892:894 the maximal value 0.449 g/g 868:894 the maximal value 0.449 g/g 868:894 An optimum fermentation condition for pectin production was obtained through a central composite rotatable design in response surface methodology as follows: fermentation time, 30.09 h, temperature, 25.00 °C and the initial pH in the fermentation medium, 6.90, respectively and the pectin yield reached the maximal value 0.449 g/g. 26428166 5 45 theme potential 1113:1121 arg1 resources 1128:1136 potential good resources 1113:1136 potential good resources for pectin production 1113:1158 Persimmon peel pectin had highly methoxylated (62.51%), high galacturonic acid content (82.28%) than citrus pectin, and was classified as the highly methoxylated pectin, the results indicated that persimmon peel had potential good resources for pectin production. 26428166 6 46 theme methoxyl 1243:1250 arg1 pectin 1252:1257 high methoxyl pectin 1238:1257 high methoxyl pectin for food industry, pharmacy and cosmetic manufacture 1238:1310 The investigation can make it available to utilize persimmon peel to produce high methoxyl pectin for food industry, pharmacy and cosmetic manufacture. 26428166 2 47 theme pectin 323:328 arg1 production 330:339 pectin production 323:339 pectin production by microbial with persimmon peel as the source 323:386 However, there is not any report on pectin production by microbial with persimmon peel as the source. 26428166 2 48 theme microbial 344:352 arg1 peel 369:372 microbial with persimmon peel 344:372 microbial with persimmon peel as the source 344:386 However, there is not any report on pectin production by microbial with persimmon peel as the source. 26428166 5 49 theme persimmon 1094:1102 arg1 peel 1104:1107 persimmon peel 1094:1107 persimmon peel 1094:1107 Persimmon peel pectin had highly methoxylated (62.51%), high galacturonic acid content (82.28%) than citrus pectin, and was classified as the highly methoxylated pectin, the results indicated that persimmon peel had potential good resources for pectin production. 26428166 1 50 theme persimmons 131:140 arg1 tons 215:218 about 4000,000 tons 200:218 about 4000,000 tons in 2011 200:226 Figures of persimmons for the world's top ten persimmon producing countries are about 4000,000 tons in 2011 and are increasing every year according to FAO statistics. 26428166 1 50 theme persimmons 131:140 arg1 Figures 120:126 Figures 120:126 Figures of persimmons for the world's top ten persimmon producing countries 120:194 Figures of persimmons for the world's top ten persimmon producing countries are about 4000,000 tons in 2011 and are increasing every year according to FAO statistics. 26428166 4 51 theme 0.449 886:890 arg1 g/g 892:894 the maximal value 0.449 g/g 868:894 the maximal value 0.449 g/g 868:894 An optimum fermentation condition for pectin production was obtained through a central composite rotatable design in response surface methodology as follows: fermentation time, 30.09 h, temperature, 25.00 °C and the initial pH in the fermentation medium, 6.90, respectively and the pectin yield reached the maximal value 0.449 g/g. 26428166 4 52 theme initial 781:787 arg1 pH 789:790 the initial pH 777:790 the initial pH in the fermentation medium 777:817 An optimum fermentation condition for pectin production was obtained through a central composite rotatable design in response surface methodology as follows: fermentation time, 30.09 h, temperature, 25.00 °C and the initial pH in the fermentation medium, 6.90, respectively and the pectin yield reached the maximal value 0.449 g/g. 26428166 3 53 from terreus 467:473 arg1 Optimization 389:400 Optimization 389:400 Optimization of fermentation conditions of pectin production from Aspergillus terreus in submerged culture and partial characterization of pectin 389:533 Optimization of fermentation conditions of pectin production from Aspergillus terreus in submerged culture and partial characterization of pectin were carried out in the work. 26428166 3 53 from terreus 467:473 arg1 production 439:448 pectin production 432:448 pectin production from Aspergillus terreus in submerged culture and partial characterization of pectin 432:533 Optimization of fermentation conditions of pectin production from Aspergillus terreus in submerged culture and partial characterization of pectin were carried out in the work. 26428166 5 54 theme Persimmon 897:905 arg1 pectin 912:917 Persimmon peel pectin 897:917 Persimmon peel pectin 897:917 Persimmon peel pectin had highly methoxylated (62.51%), high galacturonic acid content (82.28%) than citrus pectin, and was classified as the highly methoxylated pectin, the results indicated that persimmon peel had potential good resources for pectin production. 26428166 5 54 theme Persimmon 897:905 arg1 pectin 1059:1064 the highly methoxylated pectin 1035:1064 the highly methoxylated pectin 1035:1064 Persimmon peel pectin had highly methoxylated (62.51%), high galacturonic acid content (82.28%) than citrus pectin, and was classified as the highly methoxylated pectin, the results indicated that persimmon peel had potential good resources for pectin production. 26428166 4 55 from time 736:739 arg1 medium 812:817 the fermentation medium 795:817 the fermentation medium 795:817 An optimum fermentation condition for pectin production was obtained through a central composite rotatable design in response surface methodology as follows: fermentation time, 30.09 h, temperature, 25.00 °C and the initial pH in the fermentation medium, 6.90, respectively and the pectin yield reached the maximal value 0.449 g/g. 26428166 6 56 theme food 1263:1266 arg1 industry 1268:1275 food industry 1263:1275 food industry 1263:1275 The investigation can make it available to utilize persimmon peel to produce high methoxyl pectin for food industry, pharmacy and cosmetic manufacture. 26428166 4 57 theme value 880:884 arg1 g/g 892:894 the maximal value 0.449 g/g 868:894 the maximal value 0.449 g/g 868:894 An optimum fermentation condition for pectin production was obtained through a central composite rotatable design in response surface methodology as follows: fermentation time, 30.09 h, temperature, 25.00 °C and the initial pH in the fermentation medium, 6.90, respectively and the pectin yield reached the maximal value 0.449 g/g. 26428166 0 58 from characterization 102:117 arg1 production 50:59 pectin production 43:59 pectin production from Aspergillus terreus and its partial characterization 43:117 Optimization of fermentation conditions of pectin production from Aspergillus terreus and its partial characterization. 26428166 3 59 from production 439:448 arg1 culture 488:494 submerged culture 478:494 submerged culture 478:494 Optimization of fermentation conditions of pectin production from Aspergillus terreus in submerged culture and partial characterization of pectin were carried out in the work. 26428166 3 59 from production 439:448 arg1 characterization 508:523 partial characterization 500:523 partial characterization 500:523 Optimization of fermentation conditions of pectin production from Aspergillus terreus in submerged culture and partial characterization of pectin were carried out in the work. 26428166 3 60 theme submerged 478:486 arg1 culture 488:494 submerged culture 478:494 submerged culture 478:494 Optimization of fermentation conditions of pectin production from Aspergillus terreus in submerged culture and partial characterization of pectin were carried out in the work. 26428166 4 61 theme pectin 603:608 arg1 production 610:619 pectin production 603:619 pectin production 603:619 An optimum fermentation condition for pectin production was obtained through a central composite rotatable design in response surface methodology as follows: fermentation time, 30.09 h, temperature, 25.00 °C and the initial pH in the fermentation medium, 6.90, respectively and the pectin yield reached the maximal value 0.449 g/g. 26428166 4 62 theme surface 691:697 arg1 methodology 699:709 response surface methodology 682:709 response surface methodology 682:709 An optimum fermentation condition for pectin production was obtained through a central composite rotatable design in response surface methodology as follows: fermentation time, 30.09 h, temperature, 25.00 °C and the initial pH in the fermentation medium, 6.90, respectively and the pectin yield reached the maximal value 0.449 g/g. 26428166 2 63 with microbial 344:352 arg1 persimmon 359:367 persimmon 359:367 persimmon 359:367 However, there is not any report on pectin production by microbial with persimmon peel as the source. 26428166 5 64 theme galacturonic 958:969 arg1 content 976:982 highly methoxylated (62.51%), high galacturonic acid content 923:982 content 976:982 Persimmon peel pectin had highly methoxylated (62.51%), high galacturonic acid content (82.28%) than citrus pectin, and was classified as the highly methoxylated pectin, the results indicated that persimmon peel had potential good resources for pectin production. 26428166 5 64 theme galacturonic 958:969 arg1 % 990:990 82.28% 985:990 82.28% 985:990 Persimmon peel pectin had highly methoxylated (62.51%), high galacturonic acid content (82.28%) than citrus pectin, and was classified as the highly methoxylated pectin, the results indicated that persimmon peel had potential good resources for pectin production. 26428166 4 65 from pH 789:790 arg1 medium 812:817 the fermentation medium 795:817 the fermentation medium 795:817 An optimum fermentation condition for pectin production was obtained through a central composite rotatable design in response surface methodology as follows: fermentation time, 30.09 h, temperature, 25.00 °C and the initial pH in the fermentation medium, 6.90, respectively and the pectin yield reached the maximal value 0.449 g/g. 26428166 3 66 theme pectin 432:437 arg1 production 439:448 pectin production 432:448 pectin production from Aspergillus terreus in submerged culture and partial characterization of pectin 432:533 Optimization of fermentation conditions of pectin production from Aspergillus terreus in submerged culture and partial characterization of pectin were carried out in the work. 26428166 5 67 theme acid 971:974 arg1 content 976:982 highly methoxylated (62.51%), high galacturonic acid content 923:982 content 976:982 Persimmon peel pectin had highly methoxylated (62.51%), high galacturonic acid content (82.28%) than citrus pectin, and was classified as the highly methoxylated pectin, the results indicated that persimmon peel had potential good resources for pectin production. 26428166 5 67 theme acid 971:974 arg1 % 990:990 82.28% 985:990 82.28% 985:990 Persimmon peel pectin had highly methoxylated (62.51%), high galacturonic acid content (82.28%) than citrus pectin, and was classified as the highly methoxylated pectin, the results indicated that persimmon peel had potential good resources for pectin production. 26428166 3 68 theme pectin 528:533 arg1 culture 488:494 submerged culture 478:494 submerged culture 478:494 Optimization of fermentation conditions of pectin production from Aspergillus terreus in submerged culture and partial characterization of pectin were carried out in the work. 26428166 3 68 theme pectin 528:533 arg1 characterization 508:523 partial characterization 500:523 partial characterization 500:523 Optimization of fermentation conditions of pectin production from Aspergillus terreus in submerged culture and partial characterization of pectin were carried out in the work. 26428166 5 69 theme pectin 1142:1147 arg1 production 1149:1158 pectin production 1142:1158 pectin production 1142:1158 Persimmon peel pectin had highly methoxylated (62.51%), high galacturonic acid content (82.28%) than citrus pectin, and was classified as the highly methoxylated pectin, the results indicated that persimmon peel had potential good resources for pectin production. 26595420 5 0 theme shorter 663:669 arg1 hinge 671:675 the shorter hinge 659:675 the shorter hinge 659:675 We speculate that this new conformation is driven by the shorter hinge. 26595420 5 1 theme new 629:631 arg1 conformation 633:644 this new conformation 624:644 this new conformation 624:644 We speculate that this new conformation is driven by the shorter hinge. 26595420 6 2 theme arm 754:756 arg1 exchange 758:765 the IgG4 arm exchange 745:765 the IgG4 arm exchange 745:765 The structure suggests a role for the S228P mutation in preventing the IgG4 arm exchange. 26595420 3 3 theme region 381:386 arg1 presence 355:362 the presence 351:362 the presence of a short hinge region 351:386 Pembrolizumab is a compact molecule, consistent with the presence of a short hinge region. 26595420 7 4 theme fragments 912:920 arg1 use 887:889 use 887:889 use of isolated antibody fragments 887:920 In addition, this unusual Fc conformation suggests possible structural diversity between IgG subclasses and shows that use of isolated antibody fragments could mask potentially important interactions, owing to molecular flexibility. 26595420 7 5 theme important 945:953 arg1 interactions 955:966 potentially important interactions 933:966 potentially important interactions 933:966 In addition, this unusual Fc conformation suggests possible structural diversity between IgG subclasses and shows that use of isolated antibody fragments could mask potentially important interactions, owing to molecular flexibility. 26595420 4 6 theme glycan 574:579 arg1 chain 581:585 its glycan chain 570:585 its glycan chain 570:585 The Fc domain is glycosylated at the CH2 domain on both chains, but one CH2 domain is rotated 120° with respect to the conformation observed in all reported structures to date, and its glycan chain faces the solvent. 26595420 4 7 theme CH2 426:428 arg1 domain 430:435 the CH2 domain 422:435 the CH2 domain on both chains 422:450 The Fc domain is glycosylated at the CH2 domain on both chains, but one CH2 domain is rotated 120° with respect to the conformation observed in all reported structures to date, and its glycan chain faces the solvent. 26595420 7 8 theme possible 819:826 arg1 diversity 839:847 possible structural diversity 819:847 possible structural diversity between IgG subclasses 819:870 In addition, this unusual Fc conformation suggests possible structural diversity between IgG subclasses and shows that use of isolated antibody fragments could mask potentially important interactions, owing to molecular flexibility. 26595420 3 9 theme short 369:373 arg1 region 381:386 a short hinge region 367:386 a short hinge region 367:386 Pembrolizumab is a compact molecule, consistent with the presence of a short hinge region. 26595420 1 10 theme Immunoglobulin 81:94 arg1 antibodies 99:108 Immunoglobulin G4 antibodies 81:108 Immunoglobulin G4 antibodies 81:108 Immunoglobulin G4 antibodies exhibit unusual properties with important biological consequences. 26595420 7 11 theme structural 828:837 arg1 diversity 839:847 possible structural diversity 819:847 possible structural diversity between IgG subclasses 819:870 In addition, this unusual Fc conformation suggests possible structural diversity between IgG subclasses and shows that use of isolated antibody fragments could mask potentially important interactions, owing to molecular flexibility. 26595420 3 12 theme hinge 375:379 arg1 region 381:386 a short hinge region 367:386 a short hinge region 367:386 Pembrolizumab is a compact molecule, consistent with the presence of a short hinge region. 26595420 4 13 theme Fc 393:394 arg1 domain 396:401 The Fc domain 389:401 The Fc domain 389:401 The Fc domain is glycosylated at the CH2 domain on both chains, but one CH2 domain is rotated 120° with respect to the conformation observed in all reported structures to date, and its glycan chain faces the solvent. 26595420 1 14 theme G4 96:97 arg1 antibodies 99:108 Immunoglobulin G4 antibodies 81:108 Immunoglobulin G4 antibodies 81:108 Immunoglobulin G4 antibodies exhibit unusual properties with important biological consequences. 26595420 7 15 theme antibody 903:910 arg1 fragments 912:920 isolated antibody fragments 894:920 isolated antibody fragments 894:920 In addition, this unusual Fc conformation suggests possible structural diversity between IgG subclasses and shows that use of isolated antibody fragments could mask potentially important interactions, owing to molecular flexibility. 26595420 6 16 theme IgG4 749:752 arg1 exchange 758:765 the IgG4 arm exchange 745:765 the IgG4 arm exchange 745:765 The structure suggests a role for the S228P mutation in preventing the IgG4 arm exchange. 26595420 3 17 with consistent 335:344 arg1 presence 355:362 the presence 351:362 the presence of a short hinge region 351:386 Pembrolizumab is a compact molecule, consistent with the presence of a short hinge region. 26595420 4 18 located observed 521:528 arg1 structures 546:555 all reported structures 533:555 all reported structures 533:555 The Fc domain is glycosylated at the CH2 domain on both chains, but one CH2 domain is rotated 120° with respect to the conformation observed in all reported structures to date, and its glycan chain faces the solvent. 26595420 4 18 located observed 521:528 arg2 conformation 508:519 the conformation 504:519 the conformation observed in all reported structures 504:555 The Fc domain is glycosylated at the CH2 domain on both chains, but one CH2 domain is rotated 120° with respect to the conformation observed in all reported structures to date, and its glycan chain faces the solvent. 26595420 7 19 theme unusual 786:792 arg1 conformation 797:808 this unusual Fc conformation 781:808 this unusual Fc conformation 781:808 In addition, this unusual Fc conformation suggests possible structural diversity between IgG subclasses and shows that use of isolated antibody fragments could mask potentially important interactions, owing to molecular flexibility. 26595420 0 20 theme human 25:29 arg1 pembrolizumab 66:78 full-length human anti-PD1 therapeutic IgG4 antibody pembrolizumab 13:78 full-length human anti-PD1 therapeutic IgG4 antibody pembrolizumab 13:78 Structure of full-length human anti-PD1 therapeutic IgG4 antibody pembrolizumab. 26595420 4 21 theme reported 537:544 arg1 structures 546:555 all reported structures 533:555 all reported structures 533:555 The Fc domain is glycosylated at the CH2 domain on both chains, but one CH2 domain is rotated 120° with respect to the conformation observed in all reported structures to date, and its glycan chain faces the solvent. 26595420 7 22 theme isolated 894:901 arg1 fragments 912:920 isolated antibody fragments 894:920 isolated antibody fragments 894:920 In addition, this unusual Fc conformation suggests possible structural diversity between IgG subclasses and shows that use of isolated antibody fragments could mask potentially important interactions, owing to molecular flexibility. 26595420 1 23 theme unusual 118:124 arg1 properties 126:135 unusual properties 118:135 unusual properties 118:135 Immunoglobulin G4 antibodies exhibit unusual properties with important biological consequences. 26595420 7 24 theme Fc 794:795 arg1 conformation 797:808 this unusual Fc conformation 781:808 this unusual Fc conformation 781:808 In addition, this unusual Fc conformation suggests possible structural diversity between IgG subclasses and shows that use of isolated antibody fragments could mask potentially important interactions, owing to molecular flexibility. 26595420 0 25 theme full-length 13:23 arg1 pembrolizumab 66:78 full-length human anti-PD1 therapeutic IgG4 antibody pembrolizumab 13:78 full-length human anti-PD1 therapeutic IgG4 antibody pembrolizumab 13:78 Structure of full-length human anti-PD1 therapeutic IgG4 antibody pembrolizumab. 26595420 3 26 theme compact 317:323 arg1 Pembrolizumab 298:310 Pembrolizumab 298:310 Pembrolizumab 298:310 Pembrolizumab is a compact molecule, consistent with the presence of a short hinge region. 26595420 3 26 theme compact 317:323 arg1 molecule 325:332 a compact molecule 315:332 a compact molecule 315:332 Pembrolizumab is a compact molecule, consistent with the presence of a short hinge region. 26595420 2 27 theme human 208:212 arg1 pembrolizumab 255:267 the human full-length IgG4 S228P anti-PD1 antibody pembrolizumab 204:267 the human full-length IgG4 S228P anti-PD1 antibody pembrolizumab 204:267 We report the structure of the human full-length IgG4 S228P anti-PD1 antibody pembrolizumab, solved to 2.3-Å resolution. 26595420 0 28 theme therapeutic 40:50 arg1 pembrolizumab 66:78 full-length human anti-PD1 therapeutic IgG4 antibody pembrolizumab 13:78 full-length human anti-PD1 therapeutic IgG4 antibody pembrolizumab 13:78 Structure of full-length human anti-PD1 therapeutic IgG4 antibody pembrolizumab. 26595420 0 29 theme anti-PD1 31:38 arg1 pembrolizumab 66:78 full-length human anti-PD1 therapeutic IgG4 antibody pembrolizumab 13:78 full-length human anti-PD1 therapeutic IgG4 antibody pembrolizumab 13:78 Structure of full-length human anti-PD1 therapeutic IgG4 antibody pembrolizumab. 26595420 4 30 theme CH2 461:463 arg1 domain 465:470 one CH2 domain 457:470 one CH2 domain 457:470 The Fc domain is glycosylated at the CH2 domain on both chains, but one CH2 domain is rotated 120° with respect to the conformation observed in all reported structures to date, and its glycan chain faces the solvent. 26595420 0 31 theme antibody 57:64 arg1 pembrolizumab 66:78 full-length human anti-PD1 therapeutic IgG4 antibody pembrolizumab 13:78 full-length human anti-PD1 therapeutic IgG4 antibody pembrolizumab 13:78 Structure of full-length human anti-PD1 therapeutic IgG4 antibody pembrolizumab. 26595420 3 32 theme consistent 335:344 arg1 Pembrolizumab 298:310 Pembrolizumab 298:310 Pembrolizumab 298:310 Pembrolizumab is a compact molecule, consistent with the presence of a short hinge region. 26595420 3 32 theme consistent 335:344 arg1 molecule 325:332 a compact molecule 315:332 a compact molecule 315:332 Pembrolizumab is a compact molecule, consistent with the presence of a short hinge region. 26595420 4 33 dep rotated 475:481 arg1 120° 483:486 120° 483:486 is rotated 120° with respect to the conformation observed in all reported structures to date 472:563 The Fc domain is glycosylated at the CH2 domain on both chains, but one CH2 domain is rotated 120° with respect to the conformation observed in all reported structures to date, and its glycan chain faces the solvent. 26595420 2 34 theme pembrolizumab 255:267 arg1 structure 191:199 the structure 187:199 the structure 187:199 We report the structure of the human full-length IgG4 S228P anti-PD1 antibody pembrolizumab, solved to 2.3-Å resolution. 26595420 7 35 theme molecular 978:986 arg1 flexibility 988:998 molecular flexibility 978:998 molecular flexibility 978:998 In addition, this unusual Fc conformation suggests possible structural diversity between IgG subclasses and shows that use of isolated antibody fragments could mask potentially important interactions, owing to molecular flexibility. 26595420 0 36 theme IgG4 52:55 arg1 pembrolizumab 66:78 full-length human anti-PD1 therapeutic IgG4 antibody pembrolizumab 13:78 full-length human anti-PD1 therapeutic IgG4 antibody pembrolizumab 13:78 Structure of full-length human anti-PD1 therapeutic IgG4 antibody pembrolizumab. 26595420 2 37 theme anti-PD1 237:244 arg1 pembrolizumab 255:267 the human full-length IgG4 S228P anti-PD1 antibody pembrolizumab 204:267 the human full-length IgG4 S228P anti-PD1 antibody pembrolizumab 204:267 We report the structure of the human full-length IgG4 S228P anti-PD1 antibody pembrolizumab, solved to 2.3-Å resolution. 26595420 2 38 theme antibody 246:253 arg1 pembrolizumab 255:267 the human full-length IgG4 S228P anti-PD1 antibody pembrolizumab 204:267 the human full-length IgG4 S228P anti-PD1 antibody pembrolizumab 204:267 We report the structure of the human full-length IgG4 S228P anti-PD1 antibody pembrolizumab, solved to 2.3-Å resolution. 26595420 6 39 theme S228P 716:720 arg1 mutation 722:729 the S228P mutation 712:729 the S228P mutation 712:729 The structure suggests a role for the S228P mutation in preventing the IgG4 arm exchange. 26595420 1 40 theme important 142:150 arg1 consequences 163:174 important biological consequences 142:174 important biological consequences 142:174 Immunoglobulin G4 antibodies exhibit unusual properties with important biological consequences. 26595420 2 41 theme S228P 231:235 arg1 pembrolizumab 255:267 the human full-length IgG4 S228P anti-PD1 antibody pembrolizumab 204:267 the human full-length IgG4 S228P anti-PD1 antibody pembrolizumab 204:267 We report the structure of the human full-length IgG4 S228P anti-PD1 antibody pembrolizumab, solved to 2.3-Å resolution. 26595420 1 42 theme biological 152:161 arg1 consequences 163:174 important biological consequences 142:174 important biological consequences 142:174 Immunoglobulin G4 antibodies exhibit unusual properties with important biological consequences. 26595420 4 43 gly glycosylated 406:417 arg1 domain 396:401 The Fc domain 389:401 The Fc domain 389:401 The Fc domain is glycosylated at the CH2 domain on both chains, but one CH2 domain is rotated 120° with respect to the conformation observed in all reported structures to date, and its glycan chain faces the solvent. 26595420 4 43 gly glycosylated 406:417 arg2 domain 430:435 the CH2 domain 422:435 the CH2 domain on both chains 422:450 The Fc domain is glycosylated at the CH2 domain on both chains, but one CH2 domain is rotated 120° with respect to the conformation observed in all reported structures to date, and its glycan chain faces the solvent. 26595420 4 44 from domain 430:435 arg1 chains 445:450 both chains 440:450 both chains 440:450 The Fc domain is glycosylated at the CH2 domain on both chains, but one CH2 domain is rotated 120° with respect to the conformation observed in all reported structures to date, and its glycan chain faces the solvent. 26595420 2 45 theme IgG4 226:229 arg1 pembrolizumab 255:267 the human full-length IgG4 S228P anti-PD1 antibody pembrolizumab 204:267 the human full-length IgG4 S228P anti-PD1 antibody pembrolizumab 204:267 We report the structure of the human full-length IgG4 S228P anti-PD1 antibody pembrolizumab, solved to 2.3-Å resolution. 26595420 2 46 theme full-length 214:224 arg1 pembrolizumab 255:267 the human full-length IgG4 S228P anti-PD1 antibody pembrolizumab 204:267 the human full-length IgG4 S228P anti-PD1 antibody pembrolizumab 204:267 We report the structure of the human full-length IgG4 S228P anti-PD1 antibody pembrolizumab, solved to 2.3-Å resolution. 26595420 2 47 theme 2.3-Å 280:284 arg1 resolution 286:295 2.3-Å resolution 280:295 2.3-Å resolution 280:295 We report the structure of the human full-length IgG4 S228P anti-PD1 antibody pembrolizumab, solved to 2.3-Å resolution. 26595420 0 48 theme pembrolizumab 66:78 arg1 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure of full-length human anti-PD1 therapeutic IgG4 antibody pembrolizumab 0:78 Structure of full-length human anti-PD1 therapeutic IgG4 antibody pembrolizumab. 26595420 7 49 theme IgG 857:859 arg1 subclasses 861:870 IgG subclasses 857:870 IgG subclasses 857:870 In addition, this unusual Fc conformation suggests possible structural diversity between IgG subclasses and shows that use of isolated antibody fragments could mask potentially important interactions, owing to molecular flexibility. 28859141 10 0 theme biglycan 1537:1544 arg1 content 1546:1552 decorin and biglycan content 1525:1552 decorin and biglycan content 1525:1552 Overall, asporin deficiency changes skin glycosaminoglycan composition, and decorin and biglycan content, which may explain the changes in skin mechanical properties. 28859141 10 1 from changes 1577:1583 arg1 properties 1604:1613 skin mechanical properties 1588:1613 skin mechanical properties 1588:1613 Overall, asporin deficiency changes skin glycosaminoglycan composition, and decorin and biglycan content, which may explain the changes in skin mechanical properties. 28859141 4 2 theme increased 573:581 arg1 toughness 599:607 an increased skin mechanical toughness 570:607 an increased skin mechanical toughness 570:607 Functionally, Aspn-/- mice had an increased skin mechanical toughness, although there were no structural changes present on histology or immunohistochemistry. 28859141 8 3 theme altered 1307:1313 arg1 composition 1315:1325 an altered composition 1304:1325 an altered composition 1304:1325 The glycosaminoglycan content and structure in Aspn-/- skin was profoundly altered: chondroitin/dermatan sulfate was more than doubled and had an altered composition, while heparan sulfate was halved and had a decreased sulfation. 28859141 8 4 from content 1183:1189 arg1 skin 1216:1219 Aspn-/- skin 1208:1219 Aspn-/- skin 1208:1219 The glycosaminoglycan content and structure in Aspn-/- skin was profoundly altered: chondroitin/dermatan sulfate was more than doubled and had an altered composition, while heparan sulfate was halved and had a decreased sulfation. 28859141 1 5 theme cross-linked 165:176 arg1 collagen 178:185 fibrillar, cross-linked collagen 154:185 collagen 178:185 The main structural component of connective tissues is fibrillar, cross-linked collagen whose fibrillogenesis can be modulated by Small Leucine-Rich Proteins/Proteoglycans (SLRPs). 28859141 1 5 theme cross-linked 165:176 arg1 component 119:127 The main structural component 99:127 The main structural component of connective tissues 99:149 The main structural component of connective tissues is fibrillar, cross-linked collagen whose fibrillogenesis can be modulated by Small Leucine-Rich Proteins/Proteoglycans (SLRPs). 28859141 5 6 theme thinner 737:743 arg1 fibrils 754:760 7% thinner collagen fibrils 734:760 7% thinner collagen fibrils 734:760 Electron microscopy analyses showed 7% thinner collagen fibrils in Aspn-/- mice (not statistically significant). 28859141 6 7 theme matrix 896:901 arg1 metalloproteinases 903:920 matrix metalloproteinases 896:920 matrix metalloproteinases (Mmp2, Mmp3) 896:933 Several matrix genes were upregulated, including collagens (Col1a1, Col1a2, Col3a1), matrix metalloproteinases (Mmp2, Mmp3) and lysyl oxidases (Lox, Loxl2), while lysyl hydroxylase (Plod2) was downregulated. 28859141 7 8 theme protein 1073:1079 arg1 content 1081:1087 collagen protein content 1064:1087 collagen protein content 1064:1087 Intriguingly no differences were observed in collagen protein content or in collagen cross-linking-related lysine oxidation or hydroxylation. 28859141 4 9 theme mechanical 588:597 arg1 toughness 599:607 an increased skin mechanical toughness 570:607 an increased skin mechanical toughness 570:607 Functionally, Aspn-/- mice had an increased skin mechanical toughness, although there were no structural changes present on histology or immunohistochemistry. 28859141 5 10 theme collagen 745:752 arg1 fibrils 754:760 7% thinner collagen fibrils 734:760 7% thinner collagen fibrils 734:760 Electron microscopy analyses showed 7% thinner collagen fibrils in Aspn-/- mice (not statistically significant). 28859141 6 11 theme matrix 819:824 arg1 genes 826:830 Several matrix genes 811:830 Several matrix genes 811:830 Several matrix genes were upregulated, including collagens (Col1a1, Col1a2, Col3a1), matrix metalloproteinases (Mmp2, Mmp3) and lysyl oxidases (Lox, Loxl2), while lysyl hydroxylase (Plod2) was downregulated. 28859141 8 12 theme heparan 1334:1340 arg1 sulfate 1342:1348 heparan sulfate 1334:1348 heparan sulfate 1334:1348 The glycosaminoglycan content and structure in Aspn-/- skin was profoundly altered: chondroitin/dermatan sulfate was more than doubled and had an altered composition, while heparan sulfate was halved and had a decreased sulfation. 28859141 10 13 theme skin 1588:1591 arg1 properties 1604:1613 skin mechanical properties 1588:1613 skin mechanical properties 1588:1613 Overall, asporin deficiency changes skin glycosaminoglycan composition, and decorin and biglycan content, which may explain the changes in skin mechanical properties. 28859141 3 14 theme model 480:484 arg1 investigation 494:506 the investigation 490:506 the investigation of the Aspn-/- skin phenotype 490:536 Here we describe the successful generation of an Aspn-/- mouse model and the investigation of the Aspn-/- skin phenotype. 28859141 3 14 theme model 480:484 arg1 generation 449:458 the successful generation 434:458 the successful generation of an Aspn-/- mouse model 434:484 Here we describe the successful generation of an Aspn-/- mouse model and the investigation of the Aspn-/- skin phenotype. 28859141 10 15 theme asporin 1458:1464 arg1 deficiency 1466:1475 asporin deficiency 1458:1475 asporin deficiency 1458:1475 Overall, asporin deficiency changes skin glycosaminoglycan composition, and decorin and biglycan content, which may explain the changes in skin mechanical properties. 28859141 6 16 theme Several 811:817 arg1 genes 826:830 Several matrix genes 811:830 Several matrix genes 811:830 Several matrix genes were upregulated, including collagens (Col1a1, Col1a2, Col3a1), matrix metalloproteinases (Mmp2, Mmp3) and lysyl oxidases (Lox, Loxl2), while lysyl hydroxylase (Plod2) was downregulated. 28859141 3 17 theme skin 523:526 arg1 phenotype 528:536 the Aspn-/- skin phenotype 511:536 the Aspn-/- skin phenotype 511:536 Here we describe the successful generation of an Aspn-/- mouse model and the investigation of the Aspn-/- skin phenotype. 28859141 9 18 theme Aspn-/- 1435:1441 arg1 skin 1443:1446 Aspn-/- skin 1435:1446 Aspn-/- skin 1435:1446 Also, decorin and biglycan were doubled in Aspn-/- skin. 28859141 2 19 theme SLRPs 399:403 arg1 SLRPs 399:403 the less investigated SLRPs 377:403 the less investigated SLRPs 377:403 Not all SLRPs' effects on collagen and extracellular matrix in vivo have been elucidated; one of the less investigated SLRPs is asporin. 28859141 2 19 theme SLRPs 399:403 arg1 one 370:372 one 370:372 one 370:372 Not all SLRPs' effects on collagen and extracellular matrix in vivo have been elucidated; one of the less investigated SLRPs is asporin. 28859141 4 20 theme skin 583:586 arg1 toughness 599:607 an increased skin mechanical toughness 570:607 an increased skin mechanical toughness 570:607 Functionally, Aspn-/- mice had an increased skin mechanical toughness, although there were no structural changes present on histology or immunohistochemistry. 28859141 6 21 dep metalloproteinases 903:920 arg1 Mmp3 929:932 Mmp3 929:932 Mmp3 929:932 Several matrix genes were upregulated, including collagens (Col1a1, Col1a2, Col3a1), matrix metalloproteinases (Mmp2, Mmp3) and lysyl oxidases (Lox, Loxl2), while lysyl hydroxylase (Plod2) was downregulated. 28859141 6 21 dep metalloproteinases 903:920 arg1 Mmp2 923:926 Mmp2 923:926 Mmp2 923:926 Several matrix genes were upregulated, including collagens (Col1a1, Col1a2, Col3a1), matrix metalloproteinases (Mmp2, Mmp3) and lysyl oxidases (Lox, Loxl2), while lysyl hydroxylase (Plod2) was downregulated. 28859141 0 22 contain have 23:26 arg2 structure 88:96 structure 88:96 structure 88:96 Asporin-deficient mice have tougher skin and altered skin glycosaminoglycan content and structure. 28859141 0 22 contain have 23:26 arg1 mice 18:21 Asporin-deficient mice 0:21 Asporin-deficient mice 0:21 Asporin-deficient mice have tougher skin and altered skin glycosaminoglycan content and structure. 28859141 0 22 contain have 23:26 arg2 content 76:82 tougher skin and altered skin glycosaminoglycan content 28:82 content 76:82 Asporin-deficient mice have tougher skin and altered skin glycosaminoglycan content and structure. 28859141 0 22 contain have 23:26 arg2 skin 36:39 tougher skin and altered skin glycosaminoglycan content 28:82 skin 36:39 Asporin-deficient mice have tougher skin and altered skin glycosaminoglycan content and structure. 28859141 3 23 theme phenotype 528:536 arg1 investigation 494:506 the investigation 490:506 the investigation of the Aspn-/- skin phenotype 490:536 Here we describe the successful generation of an Aspn-/- mouse model and the investigation of the Aspn-/- skin phenotype. 28859141 3 23 theme phenotype 528:536 arg1 generation 449:458 the successful generation 434:458 the successful generation of an Aspn-/- mouse model 434:484 Here we describe the successful generation of an Aspn-/- mouse model and the investigation of the Aspn-/- skin phenotype. 28859141 2 24 theme investigated 386:397 arg1 SLRPs 399:403 the less investigated SLRPs 377:403 the less investigated SLRPs 377:403 Not all SLRPs' effects on collagen and extracellular matrix in vivo have been elucidated; one of the less investigated SLRPs is asporin. 28859141 10 25 theme mechanical 1593:1602 arg1 properties 1604:1613 skin mechanical properties 1588:1613 skin mechanical properties 1588:1613 Overall, asporin deficiency changes skin glycosaminoglycan composition, and decorin and biglycan content, which may explain the changes in skin mechanical properties. 28859141 3 26 theme Aspn-/- 515:521 arg1 phenotype 528:536 the Aspn-/- skin phenotype 511:536 the Aspn-/- skin phenotype 511:536 Here we describe the successful generation of an Aspn-/- mouse model and the investigation of the Aspn-/- skin phenotype. 28859141 5 27 dep statistically 783:795 arg1 not 779:781 not 779:781 not 779:781 Electron microscopy analyses showed 7% thinner collagen fibrils in Aspn-/- mice (not statistically significant). 28859141 4 28 theme present 652:658 arg1 changes 644:650 no structural changes 630:650 no structural changes present on histology or immunohistochemistry 630:695 Functionally, Aspn-/- mice had an increased skin mechanical toughness, although there were no structural changes present on histology or immunohistochemistry. 28859141 8 29 theme chondroitin/dermatan 1245:1264 arg1 sulfate 1266:1272 chondroitin/dermatan sulfate 1245:1272 chondroitin/dermatan sulfate 1245:1272 The glycosaminoglycan content and structure in Aspn-/- skin was profoundly altered: chondroitin/dermatan sulfate was more than doubled and had an altered composition, while heparan sulfate was halved and had a decreased sulfation. 28859141 0 30 theme Asporin-deficient 0:16 arg1 mice 18:21 Asporin-deficient mice 0:21 Asporin-deficient mice 0:21 Asporin-deficient mice have tougher skin and altered skin glycosaminoglycan content and structure. 28859141 4 31 theme Aspn-/- 553:559 arg1 mice 561:564 Aspn-/- mice 553:564 Aspn-/- mice 553:564 Functionally, Aspn-/- mice had an increased skin mechanical toughness, although there were no structural changes present on histology or immunohistochemistry. 28859141 2 32 theme extracellular 319:331 arg1 matrix 333:338 extracellular matrix 319:338 extracellular matrix 319:338 Not all SLRPs' effects on collagen and extracellular matrix in vivo have been elucidated; one of the less investigated SLRPs is asporin. 28859141 0 33 theme tougher 28:34 arg1 skin 36:39 tougher skin and altered skin glycosaminoglycan content 28:82 skin 36:39 Asporin-deficient mice have tougher skin and altered skin glycosaminoglycan content and structure. 28859141 10 34 theme glycosaminoglycan 1490:1506 arg1 composition 1508:1518 skin glycosaminoglycan composition 1485:1518 skin glycosaminoglycan composition 1485:1518 Overall, asporin deficiency changes skin glycosaminoglycan composition, and decorin and biglycan content, which may explain the changes in skin mechanical properties. 28859141 1 35 theme main 103:106 arg1 component 119:127 The main structural component 99:127 The main structural component of connective tissues 99:149 The main structural component of connective tissues is fibrillar, cross-linked collagen whose fibrillogenesis can be modulated by Small Leucine-Rich Proteins/Proteoglycans (SLRPs). 28859141 1 35 theme main 103:106 arg1 collagen 178:185 fibrillar, cross-linked collagen 154:185 collagen 178:185 The main structural component of connective tissues is fibrillar, cross-linked collagen whose fibrillogenesis can be modulated by Small Leucine-Rich Proteins/Proteoglycans (SLRPs). 28859141 4 36 contain had 566:568 arg1 mice 561:564 Aspn-/- mice 553:564 Aspn-/- mice 553:564 Functionally, Aspn-/- mice had an increased skin mechanical toughness, although there were no structural changes present on histology or immunohistochemistry. 28859141 4 36 contain had 566:568 arg2 toughness 599:607 an increased skin mechanical toughness 570:607 an increased skin mechanical toughness 570:607 Functionally, Aspn-/- mice had an increased skin mechanical toughness, although there were no structural changes present on histology or immunohistochemistry. 28859141 6 37 dep collagens 860:868 arg1 Col1a1 871:876 Col1a1 871:876 Col1a1 871:876 Several matrix genes were upregulated, including collagens (Col1a1, Col1a2, Col3a1), matrix metalloproteinases (Mmp2, Mmp3) and lysyl oxidases (Lox, Loxl2), while lysyl hydroxylase (Plod2) was downregulated. 28859141 6 37 dep collagens 860:868 arg1 Col3a1 887:892 Col3a1 887:892 Col3a1 887:892 Several matrix genes were upregulated, including collagens (Col1a1, Col1a2, Col3a1), matrix metalloproteinases (Mmp2, Mmp3) and lysyl oxidases (Lox, Loxl2), while lysyl hydroxylase (Plod2) was downregulated. 28859141 6 37 dep collagens 860:868 arg1 Col1a2 879:884 Col1a2 879:884 Col1a2 879:884 Several matrix genes were upregulated, including collagens (Col1a1, Col1a2, Col3a1), matrix metalloproteinases (Mmp2, Mmp3) and lysyl oxidases (Lox, Loxl2), while lysyl hydroxylase (Plod2) was downregulated. 28859141 1 38 link cross-linked 165:176 arg1 collagen 178:185 fibrillar, cross-linked collagen 154:185 collagen 178:185 The main structural component of connective tissues is fibrillar, cross-linked collagen whose fibrillogenesis can be modulated by Small Leucine-Rich Proteins/Proteoglycans (SLRPs). 28859141 1 38 link cross-linked 165:176 arg1 component 119:127 The main structural component 99:127 The main structural component of connective tissues 99:149 The main structural component of connective tissues is fibrillar, cross-linked collagen whose fibrillogenesis can be modulated by Small Leucine-Rich Proteins/Proteoglycans (SLRPs). 28859141 4 39 attach present 652:658 arg1 histology 663:671 histology 663:671 histology 663:671 Functionally, Aspn-/- mice had an increased skin mechanical toughness, although there were no structural changes present on histology or immunohistochemistry. 28859141 4 39 attach present 652:658 arg1 immunohistochemistry 676:695 immunohistochemistry 676:695 immunohistochemistry 676:695 Functionally, Aspn-/- mice had an increased skin mechanical toughness, although there were no structural changes present on histology or immunohistochemistry. 28859141 4 39 attach present 652:658 arg2 changes 644:650 no structural changes 630:650 no structural changes present on histology or immunohistochemistry 630:695 Functionally, Aspn-/- mice had an increased skin mechanical toughness, although there were no structural changes present on histology or immunohistochemistry. 28859141 1 40 theme structural 108:117 arg1 component 119:127 The main structural component 99:127 The main structural component of connective tissues 99:149 The main structural component of connective tissues is fibrillar, cross-linked collagen whose fibrillogenesis can be modulated by Small Leucine-Rich Proteins/Proteoglycans (SLRPs). 28859141 1 40 theme structural 108:117 arg1 collagen 178:185 fibrillar, cross-linked collagen 154:185 collagen 178:185 The main structural component of connective tissues is fibrillar, cross-linked collagen whose fibrillogenesis can be modulated by Small Leucine-Rich Proteins/Proteoglycans (SLRPs). 28859141 3 41 theme Aspn-/- 466:472 arg1 model 480:484 an Aspn-/- mouse model 463:484 an Aspn-/- mouse model 463:484 Here we describe the successful generation of an Aspn-/- mouse model and the investigation of the Aspn-/- skin phenotype. 28859141 7 42 theme lysine 1126:1131 arg1 oxidation 1133:1141 collagen cross-linking-related lysine oxidation 1095:1141 collagen cross-linking-related lysine oxidation 1095:1141 Intriguingly no differences were observed in collagen protein content or in collagen cross-linking-related lysine oxidation or hydroxylation. 28859141 6 43 theme lysyl 939:943 arg1 oxidases 945:952 lysyl oxidases 939:952 lysyl oxidases (Lox, Loxl2) 939:965 Several matrix genes were upregulated, including collagens (Col1a1, Col1a2, Col3a1), matrix metalloproteinases (Mmp2, Mmp3) and lysyl oxidases (Lox, Loxl2), while lysyl hydroxylase (Plod2) was downregulated. 28859141 5 44 theme 7 734:734 arg1 % 735:735 % 735:735 % 735:735 Electron microscopy analyses showed 7% thinner collagen fibrils in Aspn-/- mice (not statistically significant). 28859141 7 45 theme collagen 1095:1102 arg1 oxidation 1133:1141 collagen cross-linking-related lysine oxidation 1095:1141 collagen cross-linking-related lysine oxidation 1095:1141 Intriguingly no differences were observed in collagen protein content or in collagen cross-linking-related lysine oxidation or hydroxylation. 28859141 5 46 theme Aspn-/- 765:771 arg1 mice 773:776 Aspn-/- mice 765:776 Aspn-/- mice (not statistically significant) 765:808 Electron microscopy analyses showed 7% thinner collagen fibrils in Aspn-/- mice (not statistically significant). 28859141 5 47 theme % 735:735 arg1 fibrils 754:760 7% thinner collagen fibrils 734:760 7% thinner collagen fibrils 734:760 Electron microscopy analyses showed 7% thinner collagen fibrils in Aspn-/- mice (not statistically significant). 28859141 1 48 theme Small 229:233 arg1 SLRPs 272:276 SLRPs 272:276 SLRPs 272:276 The main structural component of connective tissues is fibrillar, cross-linked collagen whose fibrillogenesis can be modulated by Small Leucine-Rich Proteins/Proteoglycans (SLRPs). 28859141 1 48 theme Small 229:233 arg1 Proteins/Proteoglycans 248:269 Small Leucine-Rich Proteins/Proteoglycans 229:269 Small Leucine-Rich Proteins/Proteoglycans (SLRPs) 229:277 The main structural component of connective tissues is fibrillar, cross-linked collagen whose fibrillogenesis can be modulated by Small Leucine-Rich Proteins/Proteoglycans (SLRPs). 28859141 0 49 theme skin 53:56 arg1 content 76:82 tougher skin and altered skin glycosaminoglycan content 28:82 content 76:82 Asporin-deficient mice have tougher skin and altered skin glycosaminoglycan content and structure. 28859141 10 50 theme decorin 1525:1531 arg1 content 1546:1552 decorin and biglycan content 1525:1552 decorin and biglycan content 1525:1552 Overall, asporin deficiency changes skin glycosaminoglycan composition, and decorin and biglycan content, which may explain the changes in skin mechanical properties. 28859141 8 51 dep content 1183:1189 arg1 The 1161:1163 The 1161:1163 The 1161:1163 The glycosaminoglycan content and structure in Aspn-/- skin was profoundly altered: chondroitin/dermatan sulfate was more than doubled and had an altered composition, while heparan sulfate was halved and had a decreased sulfation. 28859141 0 52 theme altered 45:51 arg1 content 76:82 tougher skin and altered skin glycosaminoglycan content 28:82 content 76:82 Asporin-deficient mice have tougher skin and altered skin glycosaminoglycan content and structure. 28859141 10 53 theme skin 1485:1488 arg1 composition 1508:1518 skin glycosaminoglycan composition 1485:1518 skin glycosaminoglycan composition 1485:1518 Overall, asporin deficiency changes skin glycosaminoglycan composition, and decorin and biglycan content, which may explain the changes in skin mechanical properties. 28859141 6 54 dep oxidases 945:952 arg1 Loxl2 960:964 Loxl2 960:964 Loxl2 960:964 Several matrix genes were upregulated, including collagens (Col1a1, Col1a2, Col3a1), matrix metalloproteinases (Mmp2, Mmp3) and lysyl oxidases (Lox, Loxl2), while lysyl hydroxylase (Plod2) was downregulated. 28859141 6 54 dep oxidases 945:952 arg1 Lox 955:957 Lox 955:957 Lox 955:957 Several matrix genes were upregulated, including collagens (Col1a1, Col1a2, Col3a1), matrix metalloproteinases (Mmp2, Mmp3) and lysyl oxidases (Lox, Loxl2), while lysyl hydroxylase (Plod2) was downregulated. 28859141 7 55 theme collagen 1064:1071 arg1 content 1081:1087 collagen protein content 1064:1087 collagen protein content 1064:1087 Intriguingly no differences were observed in collagen protein content or in collagen cross-linking-related lysine oxidation or hydroxylation. 28859141 8 56 theme Aspn-/- 1208:1214 arg1 skin 1216:1219 Aspn-/- skin 1208:1219 Aspn-/- skin 1208:1219 The glycosaminoglycan content and structure in Aspn-/- skin was profoundly altered: chondroitin/dermatan sulfate was more than doubled and had an altered composition, while heparan sulfate was halved and had a decreased sulfation. 28859141 5 57 dep mice 773:776 arg1 significant 797:807 significant 797:807 significant 797:807 Electron microscopy analyses showed 7% thinner collagen fibrils in Aspn-/- mice (not statistically significant). 28859141 5 58 theme Electron 698:705 arg1 microscopy 707:716 Electron microscopy 698:716 Electron microscopy analyses 698:725 Electron microscopy analyses showed 7% thinner collagen fibrils in Aspn-/- mice (not statistically significant). 28859141 7 59 theme cross-linking-related 1104:1124 arg1 oxidation 1133:1141 collagen cross-linking-related lysine oxidation 1095:1141 collagen cross-linking-related lysine oxidation 1095:1141 Intriguingly no differences were observed in collagen protein content or in collagen cross-linking-related lysine oxidation or hydroxylation. 28859141 3 60 theme mouse 474:478 arg1 model 480:484 an Aspn-/- mouse model 463:484 an Aspn-/- mouse model 463:484 Here we describe the successful generation of an Aspn-/- mouse model and the investigation of the Aspn-/- skin phenotype. 28859141 8 61 theme decreased 1371:1379 arg1 sulfation 1381:1389 a decreased sulfation 1369:1389 a decreased sulfation 1369:1389 The glycosaminoglycan content and structure in Aspn-/- skin was profoundly altered: chondroitin/dermatan sulfate was more than doubled and had an altered composition, while heparan sulfate was halved and had a decreased sulfation. 28859141 1 62 theme Leucine-Rich 235:246 arg1 SLRPs 272:276 SLRPs 272:276 SLRPs 272:276 The main structural component of connective tissues is fibrillar, cross-linked collagen whose fibrillogenesis can be modulated by Small Leucine-Rich Proteins/Proteoglycans (SLRPs). 28859141 1 62 theme Leucine-Rich 235:246 arg1 Proteins/Proteoglycans 248:269 Small Leucine-Rich Proteins/Proteoglycans 229:269 Small Leucine-Rich Proteins/Proteoglycans (SLRPs) 229:277 The main structural component of connective tissues is fibrillar, cross-linked collagen whose fibrillogenesis can be modulated by Small Leucine-Rich Proteins/Proteoglycans (SLRPs). 28859141 5 63 theme microscopy 707:716 arg1 analyses 718:725 Electron microscopy analyses 698:725 Electron microscopy analyses 698:725 Electron microscopy analyses showed 7% thinner collagen fibrils in Aspn-/- mice (not statistically significant). 28859141 8 64 theme glycosaminoglycan 1165:1181 arg1 content 1183:1189 glycosaminoglycan content 1165:1189 glycosaminoglycan content 1165:1189 The glycosaminoglycan content and structure in Aspn-/- skin was profoundly altered: chondroitin/dermatan sulfate was more than doubled and had an altered composition, while heparan sulfate was halved and had a decreased sulfation. 28859141 1 65 theme tissues 143:149 arg1 component 119:127 The main structural component 99:127 The main structural component of connective tissues 99:149 The main structural component of connective tissues is fibrillar, cross-linked collagen whose fibrillogenesis can be modulated by Small Leucine-Rich Proteins/Proteoglycans (SLRPs). 28859141 1 65 theme tissues 143:149 arg1 collagen 178:185 fibrillar, cross-linked collagen 154:185 collagen 178:185 The main structural component of connective tissues is fibrillar, cross-linked collagen whose fibrillogenesis can be modulated by Small Leucine-Rich Proteins/Proteoglycans (SLRPs). 28859141 7 66 located observed 1052:1059 arg2 differences 1035:1045 no differences 1032:1045 no differences 1032:1045 Intriguingly no differences were observed in collagen protein content or in collagen cross-linking-related lysine oxidation or hydroxylation. 28859141 7 66 located observed 1052:1059 arg1 content 1081:1087 collagen protein content 1064:1087 collagen protein content 1064:1087 Intriguingly no differences were observed in collagen protein content or in collagen cross-linking-related lysine oxidation or hydroxylation. 28859141 1 67 theme connective 132:141 arg1 tissues 143:149 connective tissues 132:149 connective tissues 132:149 The main structural component of connective tissues is fibrillar, cross-linked collagen whose fibrillogenesis can be modulated by Small Leucine-Rich Proteins/Proteoglycans (SLRPs). 28859141 3 68 theme successful 438:447 arg1 generation 449:458 the successful generation 434:458 the successful generation of an Aspn-/- mouse model 434:484 Here we describe the successful generation of an Aspn-/- mouse model and the investigation of the Aspn-/- skin phenotype. 28859141 4 69 theme structural 633:642 arg1 changes 644:650 no structural changes 630:650 no structural changes present on histology or immunohistochemistry 630:695 Functionally, Aspn-/- mice had an increased skin mechanical toughness, although there were no structural changes present on histology or immunohistochemistry. 28859141 2 70 from effects 295:301 arg1 collagen 306:313 collagen 306:313 collagen 306:313 Not all SLRPs' effects on collagen and extracellular matrix in vivo have been elucidated; one of the less investigated SLRPs is asporin. 28859141 2 70 from effects 295:301 arg1 matrix 333:338 extracellular matrix 319:338 extracellular matrix 319:338 Not all SLRPs' effects on collagen and extracellular matrix in vivo have been elucidated; one of the less investigated SLRPs is asporin. 28859141 6 71 theme lysyl 974:978 arg1 Plod2 993:997 Plod2 993:997 Plod2 993:997 Several matrix genes were upregulated, including collagens (Col1a1, Col1a2, Col3a1), matrix metalloproteinases (Mmp2, Mmp3) and lysyl oxidases (Lox, Loxl2), while lysyl hydroxylase (Plod2) was downregulated. 28859141 6 71 theme lysyl 974:978 arg1 hydroxylase 980:990 lysyl hydroxylase 974:990 lysyl hydroxylase (Plod2) 974:998 Several matrix genes were upregulated, including collagens (Col1a1, Col1a2, Col3a1), matrix metalloproteinases (Mmp2, Mmp3) and lysyl oxidases (Lox, Loxl2), while lysyl hydroxylase (Plod2) was downregulated. 28859141 0 72 theme glycosaminoglycan 58:74 arg1 content 76:82 tougher skin and altered skin glycosaminoglycan content 28:82 content 76:82 Asporin-deficient mice have tougher skin and altered skin glycosaminoglycan content and structure. 28859141 8 73 from structure 1195:1203 arg1 skin 1216:1219 Aspn-/- skin 1208:1219 Aspn-/- skin 1208:1219 The glycosaminoglycan content and structure in Aspn-/- skin was profoundly altered: chondroitin/dermatan sulfate was more than doubled and had an altered composition, while heparan sulfate was halved and had a decreased sulfation. 28859141 1 74 theme fibrillar 154:162 arg1 collagen 178:185 fibrillar, cross-linked collagen 154:185 collagen 178:185 The main structural component of connective tissues is fibrillar, cross-linked collagen whose fibrillogenesis can be modulated by Small Leucine-Rich Proteins/Proteoglycans (SLRPs). 28859141 1 74 theme fibrillar 154:162 arg1 component 119:127 The main structural component 99:127 The main structural component of connective tissues 99:149 The main structural component of connective tissues is fibrillar, cross-linked collagen whose fibrillogenesis can be modulated by Small Leucine-Rich Proteins/Proteoglycans (SLRPs). 26572457 7 0 dep applications 1064:1075 arg1 etc. 1110:1113 etc. 1110:1113 etc. 1110:1113 The enhanced conductive and thermal properties of the BC-xGnP nanocomposites will broaden applications (biosensors, tissue engineering, etc.) of BC and xGnP. 26572457 7 0 dep applications 1064:1075 arg1 biosensors 1078:1087 biosensors 1078:1087 biosensors 1078:1087 The enhanced conductive and thermal properties of the BC-xGnP nanocomposites will broaden applications (biosensors, tissue engineering, etc.) of BC and xGnP. 26572457 7 0 dep applications 1064:1075 arg1 engineering 1097:1107 tissue engineering 1090:1107 tissue engineering 1090:1107 The enhanced conductive and thermal properties of the BC-xGnP nanocomposites will broaden applications (biosensors, tissue engineering, etc.) of BC and xGnP. 26572457 4 1 theme % 708:708 arg1 loss 717:720 10% weight loss 706:720 10% weight loss 706:720 The temperature at 10% weight loss, thermal stability and residual ash content of the nanocomposites increased at higher xGnP loadings. 26572457 1 2 theme advanced 231:238 arg1 nanomaterials 260:272 advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials 231:272 advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for various technological applications 231:311 A unique three dimensional (3D) porous structured bacterial cellulose (BC) can act as a supporting material to deposit the nanofillers in order to create advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for various technological applications. 26572457 2 3 theme impregnation 482:493 arg1 strategy 495:502 a simple particle impregnation strategy 464:502 a simple particle impregnation strategy to enhance the thermal properties and electrical conductivity of the BC 464:574 In this study, novel nanocomposites comprised of BC with exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) incorporated into the BC matrix were prepared using a simple particle impregnation strategy to enhance the thermal properties and electrical conductivity of the BC. 26572457 5 4 theme attaining 909:917 arg1 S/cm 931:934 attaining values 0.75 S/cm 909:934 xGnP loading (attaining values 0.75 S/cm 895:934 The electrical conductivity of the composites increased with increasing xGnP loading (attaining values 0.75 S/cm with the addition of 2 wt. 26572457 4 5 theme 10 706:707 arg1 % 708:708 % 708:708 % 708:708 The temperature at 10% weight loss, thermal stability and residual ash content of the nanocomposites increased at higher xGnP loadings. 26572457 1 6 theme BC-based 240:247 arg1 nanomaterials 260:272 advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials 231:272 advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for various technological applications 231:311 A unique three dimensional (3D) porous structured bacterial cellulose (BC) can act as a supporting material to deposit the nanofillers in order to create advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for various technological applications. 26572457 4 7 theme residual 745:752 arg1 ash 754:756 residual ash 745:756 residual ash 745:756 The temperature at 10% weight loss, thermal stability and residual ash content of the nanocomposites increased at higher xGnP loadings. 26572457 1 8 theme functional 249:258 arg1 nanomaterials 260:272 advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials 231:272 advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for various technological applications 231:311 A unique three dimensional (3D) porous structured bacterial cellulose (BC) can act as a supporting material to deposit the nanofillers in order to create advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for various technological applications. 26572457 7 9 theme xGnP 1126:1129 arg1 applications 1064:1075 applications 1064:1075 applications (biosensors, tissue engineering, etc.) of BC and xGnP 1064:1129 The enhanced conductive and thermal properties of the BC-xGnP nanocomposites will broaden applications (biosensors, tissue engineering, etc.) of BC and xGnP. 26572457 1 10 theme unique 79:84 arg1 cellulose 137:145 A unique three dimensional (3D) porous structured bacterial cellulose 77:145 A unique three dimensional (3D) porous structured bacterial cellulose (BC) 77:150 A unique three dimensional (3D) porous structured bacterial cellulose (BC) can act as a supporting material to deposit the nanofillers in order to create advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for various technological applications. 26572457 1 10 theme unique 79:84 arg1 material 176:183 a supporting material 163:183 a supporting material 163:183 A unique three dimensional (3D) porous structured bacterial cellulose (BC) can act as a supporting material to deposit the nanofillers in order to create advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for various technological applications. 26572457 1 10 theme unique 79:84 arg1 BC 148:149 BC 148:149 BC 148:149 A unique three dimensional (3D) porous structured bacterial cellulose (BC) can act as a supporting material to deposit the nanofillers in order to create advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for various technological applications. 26572457 2 11 theme thermal 519:525 arg1 properties 527:536 the thermal properties 515:536 the thermal properties 515:536 In this study, novel nanocomposites comprised of BC with exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) incorporated into the BC matrix were prepared using a simple particle impregnation strategy to enhance the thermal properties and electrical conductivity of the BC. 26572457 4 12 theme stability 731:739 arg1 content 758:764 The temperature at 10% weight loss, thermal stability and residual ash content 687:764 The temperature at 10% weight loss, thermal stability and residual ash content of the nanocomposites 687:786 The temperature at 10% weight loss, thermal stability and residual ash content of the nanocomposites increased at higher xGnP loadings. 26572457 7 13 theme tissue 1090:1095 arg1 biosensors 1078:1087 biosensors 1078:1087 biosensors 1078:1087 The enhanced conductive and thermal properties of the BC-xGnP nanocomposites will broaden applications (biosensors, tissue engineering, etc.) of BC and xGnP. 26572457 7 13 theme tissue 1090:1095 arg1 engineering 1097:1107 tissue engineering 1090:1107 tissue engineering 1090:1107 The enhanced conductive and thermal properties of the BC-xGnP nanocomposites will broaden applications (biosensors, tissue engineering, etc.) of BC and xGnP. 26572457 4 14 theme nanocomposites 773:786 arg1 content 758:764 The temperature at 10% weight loss, thermal stability and residual ash content 687:764 The temperature at 10% weight loss, thermal stability and residual ash content of the nanocomposites 687:786 The temperature at 10% weight loss, thermal stability and residual ash content of the nanocomposites increased at higher xGnP loadings. 26572457 5 15 theme values 919:924 arg1 S/cm 931:934 attaining values 0.75 S/cm 909:934 xGnP loading (attaining values 0.75 S/cm 895:934 The electrical conductivity of the composites increased with increasing xGnP loading (attaining values 0.75 S/cm with the addition of 2 wt. 26572457 2 16 theme particle 473:480 arg1 strategy 495:502 a simple particle impregnation strategy 464:502 a simple particle impregnation strategy to enhance the thermal properties and electrical conductivity of the BC 464:574 In this study, novel nanocomposites comprised of BC with exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) incorporated into the BC matrix were prepared using a simple particle impregnation strategy to enhance the thermal properties and electrical conductivity of the BC. 26572457 1 17 theme dimensional 92:102 arg1 cellulose 137:145 A unique three dimensional (3D) porous structured bacterial cellulose 77:145 A unique three dimensional (3D) porous structured bacterial cellulose (BC) 77:150 A unique three dimensional (3D) porous structured bacterial cellulose (BC) can act as a supporting material to deposit the nanofillers in order to create advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for various technological applications. 26572457 1 17 theme dimensional 92:102 arg1 material 176:183 a supporting material 163:183 a supporting material 163:183 A unique three dimensional (3D) porous structured bacterial cellulose (BC) can act as a supporting material to deposit the nanofillers in order to create advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for various technological applications. 26572457 1 17 theme dimensional 92:102 arg1 BC 148:149 BC 148:149 BC 148:149 A unique three dimensional (3D) porous structured bacterial cellulose (BC) can act as a supporting material to deposit the nanofillers in order to create advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for various technological applications. 26572457 0 18 theme conductive 13:22 arg1 nano 24:27 Electrically conductive nano 0:27 Electrically conductive nano 0:27 Electrically conductive nano graphite-filled bacterial cellulose composites. 26572457 1 19 theme supporting 165:174 arg1 cellulose 137:145 A unique three dimensional (3D) porous structured bacterial cellulose 77:145 A unique three dimensional (3D) porous structured bacterial cellulose (BC) 77:150 A unique three dimensional (3D) porous structured bacterial cellulose (BC) can act as a supporting material to deposit the nanofillers in order to create advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for various technological applications. 26572457 1 19 theme supporting 165:174 arg1 material 176:183 a supporting material 163:183 a supporting material 163:183 A unique three dimensional (3D) porous structured bacterial cellulose (BC) can act as a supporting material to deposit the nanofillers in order to create advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for various technological applications. 26572457 0 20 theme Electrically 0:11 arg1 nano 24:27 Electrically conductive nano 0:27 Electrically conductive nano 0:27 Electrically conductive nano graphite-filled bacterial cellulose composites. 26572457 6 21 theme xGnP 967:970 arg1 % 962:962 % 962:962 % of xGnP). 962:972 % of xGnP). 26572457 6 21 theme xGnP 967:970 arg1 xGnP 967:970 xGnP) 967:971 xGnP) 967:971 % of xGnP). 26572457 1 22 theme 3D 105:106 arg1 cellulose 137:145 A unique three dimensional (3D) porous structured bacterial cellulose 77:145 A unique three dimensional (3D) porous structured bacterial cellulose (BC) 77:150 A unique three dimensional (3D) porous structured bacterial cellulose (BC) can act as a supporting material to deposit the nanofillers in order to create advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for various technological applications. 26572457 1 22 theme 3D 105:106 arg1 material 176:183 a supporting material 163:183 a supporting material 163:183 A unique three dimensional (3D) porous structured bacterial cellulose (BC) can act as a supporting material to deposit the nanofillers in order to create advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for various technological applications. 26572457 1 22 theme 3D 105:106 arg1 BC 148:149 BC 148:149 BC 148:149 A unique three dimensional (3D) porous structured bacterial cellulose (BC) can act as a supporting material to deposit the nanofillers in order to create advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for various technological applications. 26572457 2 23 theme graphite 382:389 arg1 xGnP 406:409 xGnP 406:409 xGnP 406:409 In this study, novel nanocomposites comprised of BC with exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) incorporated into the BC matrix were prepared using a simple particle impregnation strategy to enhance the thermal properties and electrical conductivity of the BC. 26572457 2 23 theme graphite 382:389 arg1 nanoplatelets 391:403 exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets 371:403 exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) incorporated into the BC matrix 371:442 In this study, novel nanocomposites comprised of BC with exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) incorporated into the BC matrix were prepared using a simple particle impregnation strategy to enhance the thermal properties and electrical conductivity of the BC. 26572457 1 24 theme various 278:284 arg1 applications 300:311 various technological applications 278:311 various technological applications 278:311 A unique three dimensional (3D) porous structured bacterial cellulose (BC) can act as a supporting material to deposit the nanofillers in order to create advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for various technological applications. 26572457 4 25 theme ash 754:756 arg1 content 758:764 The temperature at 10% weight loss, thermal stability and residual ash content 687:764 The temperature at 10% weight loss, thermal stability and residual ash content of the nanocomposites 687:786 The temperature at 10% weight loss, thermal stability and residual ash content of the nanocomposites increased at higher xGnP loadings. 26572457 5 26 theme wt 959:960 arg1 addition 945:952 the addition 941:952 the addition of 2 wt 941:960 The electrical conductivity of the composites increased with increasing xGnP loading (attaining values 0.75 S/cm with the addition of 2 wt. 26572457 2 27 theme BC 434:435 arg1 matrix 437:442 the BC matrix 430:442 the BC matrix 430:442 In this study, novel nanocomposites comprised of BC with exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) incorporated into the BC matrix were prepared using a simple particle impregnation strategy to enhance the thermal properties and electrical conductivity of the BC. 26572457 1 28 theme technological 286:298 arg1 applications 300:311 various technological applications 278:311 various technological applications 278:311 A unique three dimensional (3D) porous structured bacterial cellulose (BC) can act as a supporting material to deposit the nanofillers in order to create advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for various technological applications. 26572457 1 29 theme porous 109:114 arg1 cellulose 137:145 A unique three dimensional (3D) porous structured bacterial cellulose 77:145 A unique three dimensional (3D) porous structured bacterial cellulose (BC) 77:150 A unique three dimensional (3D) porous structured bacterial cellulose (BC) can act as a supporting material to deposit the nanofillers in order to create advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for various technological applications. 26572457 1 29 theme porous 109:114 arg1 material 176:183 a supporting material 163:183 a supporting material 163:183 A unique three dimensional (3D) porous structured bacterial cellulose (BC) can act as a supporting material to deposit the nanofillers in order to create advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for various technological applications. 26572457 1 29 theme porous 109:114 arg1 BC 148:149 BC 148:149 BC 148:149 A unique three dimensional (3D) porous structured bacterial cellulose (BC) can act as a supporting material to deposit the nanofillers in order to create advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for various technological applications. 26572457 0 30 theme cellulose 55:63 arg1 composites 65:74 bacterial cellulose composites 45:74 bacterial cellulose composites 45:74 Electrically conductive nano graphite-filled bacterial cellulose composites. 26572457 4 31 theme weight 710:715 arg1 loss 717:720 10% weight loss 706:720 10% weight loss 706:720 The temperature at 10% weight loss, thermal stability and residual ash content of the nanocomposites increased at higher xGnP loadings. 26572457 5 32 theme xGnP 895:898 arg1 loading 900:906 xGnP loading 895:906 xGnP loading (attaining values 0.75 S/cm 895:934 The electrical conductivity of the composites increased with increasing xGnP loading (attaining values 0.75 S/cm with the addition of 2 wt. 26572457 0 33 theme bacterial 45:53 arg1 composites 65:74 bacterial cellulose composites 45:74 bacterial cellulose composites 45:74 Electrically conductive nano graphite-filled bacterial cellulose composites. 26572457 2 34 theme simple 466:471 arg1 strategy 495:502 a simple particle impregnation strategy 464:502 a simple particle impregnation strategy to enhance the thermal properties and electrical conductivity of the BC 464:574 In this study, novel nanocomposites comprised of BC with exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) incorporated into the BC matrix were prepared using a simple particle impregnation strategy to enhance the thermal properties and electrical conductivity of the BC. 26572457 3 35 theme continuous 642:651 arg1 network 653:659 a continuous network 640:659 a continuous network 640:659 The flake-shaped xGnP particles were well dispersed and formed a continuous network throughout the BC matrix. 26572457 7 36 theme thermal 1002:1008 arg1 properties 1010:1019 The enhanced conductive and thermal properties 974:1019 The enhanced conductive and thermal properties of the BC-xGnP nanocomposites 974:1049 The enhanced conductive and thermal properties of the BC-xGnP nanocomposites will broaden applications (biosensors, tissue engineering, etc.) of BC and xGnP. 26572457 5 37 theme composites 858:867 arg1 conductivity 838:849 The electrical conductivity 823:849 The electrical conductivity of the composites 823:867 The electrical conductivity of the composites increased with increasing xGnP loading (attaining values 0.75 S/cm with the addition of 2 wt. 26572457 7 38 theme BC 1119:1120 arg1 applications 1064:1075 applications 1064:1075 applications (biosensors, tissue engineering, etc.) of BC and xGnP 1064:1129 The enhanced conductive and thermal properties of the BC-xGnP nanocomposites will broaden applications (biosensors, tissue engineering, etc.) of BC and xGnP. 26572457 7 39 theme BC-xGnP 1028:1034 arg1 nanocomposites 1036:1049 the BC-xGnP nanocomposites 1024:1049 the BC-xGnP nanocomposites 1024:1049 The enhanced conductive and thermal properties of the BC-xGnP nanocomposites will broaden applications (biosensors, tissue engineering, etc.) of BC and xGnP. 26572457 3 40 theme xGnP 594:597 arg1 particles 599:607 The flake-shaped xGnP particles 577:607 The flake-shaped xGnP particles 577:607 The flake-shaped xGnP particles were well dispersed and formed a continuous network throughout the BC matrix. 26572457 1 41 theme structured 116:125 arg1 cellulose 137:145 A unique three dimensional (3D) porous structured bacterial cellulose 77:145 A unique three dimensional (3D) porous structured bacterial cellulose (BC) 77:150 A unique three dimensional (3D) porous structured bacterial cellulose (BC) can act as a supporting material to deposit the nanofillers in order to create advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for various technological applications. 26572457 1 41 theme structured 116:125 arg1 material 176:183 a supporting material 163:183 a supporting material 163:183 A unique three dimensional (3D) porous structured bacterial cellulose (BC) can act as a supporting material to deposit the nanofillers in order to create advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for various technological applications. 26572457 1 41 theme structured 116:125 arg1 BC 148:149 BC 148:149 BC 148:149 A unique three dimensional (3D) porous structured bacterial cellulose (BC) can act as a supporting material to deposit the nanofillers in order to create advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for various technological applications. 26572457 2 42 theme electrical 542:551 arg1 conductivity 553:564 electrical conductivity 542:564 electrical conductivity of the BC 542:574 In this study, novel nanocomposites comprised of BC with exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) incorporated into the BC matrix were prepared using a simple particle impregnation strategy to enhance the thermal properties and electrical conductivity of the BC. 26572457 7 43 theme nanocomposites 1036:1049 arg1 properties 1010:1019 The enhanced conductive and thermal properties 974:1019 The enhanced conductive and thermal properties of the BC-xGnP nanocomposites 974:1049 The enhanced conductive and thermal properties of the BC-xGnP nanocomposites will broaden applications (biosensors, tissue engineering, etc.) of BC and xGnP. 26572457 7 44 theme conductive 987:996 arg1 properties 1010:1019 The enhanced conductive and thermal properties 974:1019 The enhanced conductive and thermal properties of the BC-xGnP nanocomposites 974:1049 The enhanced conductive and thermal properties of the BC-xGnP nanocomposites will broaden applications (biosensors, tissue engineering, etc.) of BC and xGnP. 26572457 1 45 theme bacterial 127:135 arg1 cellulose 137:145 A unique three dimensional (3D) porous structured bacterial cellulose 77:145 A unique three dimensional (3D) porous structured bacterial cellulose (BC) 77:150 A unique three dimensional (3D) porous structured bacterial cellulose (BC) can act as a supporting material to deposit the nanofillers in order to create advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for various technological applications. 26572457 1 45 theme bacterial 127:135 arg1 material 176:183 a supporting material 163:183 a supporting material 163:183 A unique three dimensional (3D) porous structured bacterial cellulose (BC) can act as a supporting material to deposit the nanofillers in order to create advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for various technological applications. 26572457 1 45 theme bacterial 127:135 arg1 BC 148:149 BC 148:149 BC 148:149 A unique three dimensional (3D) porous structured bacterial cellulose (BC) can act as a supporting material to deposit the nanofillers in order to create advanced BC-based functional nanomaterials for various technological applications. 26572457 2 46 theme novel 329:333 arg1 nanocomposites 335:348 novel nanocomposites 329:348 novel nanocomposites comprised of BC with exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) incorporated into the BC matrix 329:442 In this study, novel nanocomposites comprised of BC with exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) incorporated into the BC matrix were prepared using a simple particle impregnation strategy to enhance the thermal properties and electrical conductivity of the BC. 26572457 5 47 dep loading 900:906 arg1 S/cm 931:934 attaining values 0.75 S/cm 909:934 xGnP loading (attaining values 0.75 S/cm 895:934 The electrical conductivity of the composites increased with increasing xGnP loading (attaining values 0.75 S/cm with the addition of 2 wt. 26572457 2 48 theme BC 573:574 arg1 properties 527:536 the thermal properties 515:536 the thermal properties 515:536 In this study, novel nanocomposites comprised of BC with exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) incorporated into the BC matrix were prepared using a simple particle impregnation strategy to enhance the thermal properties and electrical conductivity of the BC. 26572457 2 48 theme BC 573:574 arg1 conductivity 553:564 electrical conductivity 542:564 electrical conductivity of the BC 542:574 In this study, novel nanocomposites comprised of BC with exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) incorporated into the BC matrix were prepared using a simple particle impregnation strategy to enhance the thermal properties and electrical conductivity of the BC. 26572457 3 49 theme BC 676:677 arg1 matrix 679:684 the BC matrix 672:684 the BC matrix 672:684 The flake-shaped xGnP particles were well dispersed and formed a continuous network throughout the BC matrix. 26572457 5 50 theme electrical 827:836 arg1 conductivity 838:849 The electrical conductivity 823:849 The electrical conductivity of the composites 823:867 The electrical conductivity of the composites increased with increasing xGnP loading (attaining values 0.75 S/cm with the addition of 2 wt. 26572457 4 51 theme temperature 691:701 arg1 content 758:764 The temperature at 10% weight loss, thermal stability and residual ash content 687:764 The temperature at 10% weight loss, thermal stability and residual ash content of the nanocomposites 687:786 The temperature at 10% weight loss, thermal stability and residual ash content of the nanocomposites increased at higher xGnP loadings. 26572457 4 52 from loss 717:720 arg1 temperature 691:701 The temperature 687:701 The temperature at 10% weight loss 687:720 The temperature at 10% weight loss, thermal stability and residual ash content of the nanocomposites increased at higher xGnP loadings. 26572457 4 52 from loss 717:720 arg1 ash 754:756 residual ash 745:756 residual ash 745:756 The temperature at 10% weight loss, thermal stability and residual ash content of the nanocomposites increased at higher xGnP loadings. 26572457 4 52 from loss 717:720 arg1 stability 731:739 thermal stability 723:739 thermal stability 723:739 The temperature at 10% weight loss, thermal stability and residual ash content of the nanocomposites increased at higher xGnP loadings. 26572457 4 53 theme thermal 723:729 arg1 stability 731:739 thermal stability 723:739 thermal stability 723:739 The temperature at 10% weight loss, thermal stability and residual ash content of the nanocomposites increased at higher xGnP loadings. 26572457 4 54 theme xGnP 808:811 arg1 loadings 813:820 higher xGnP loadings 801:820 higher xGnP loadings 801:820 The temperature at 10% weight loss, thermal stability and residual ash content of the nanocomposites increased at higher xGnP loadings. 26572457 7 55 theme enhanced 978:985 arg1 properties 1010:1019 The enhanced conductive and thermal properties 974:1019 The enhanced conductive and thermal properties of the BC-xGnP nanocomposites 974:1049 The enhanced conductive and thermal properties of the BC-xGnP nanocomposites will broaden applications (biosensors, tissue engineering, etc.) of BC and xGnP. 26572457 2 56 theme exfoliated 371:380 arg1 xGnP 406:409 xGnP 406:409 xGnP 406:409 In this study, novel nanocomposites comprised of BC with exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) incorporated into the BC matrix were prepared using a simple particle impregnation strategy to enhance the thermal properties and electrical conductivity of the BC. 26572457 2 56 theme exfoliated 371:380 arg1 nanoplatelets 391:403 exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets 371:403 exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) incorporated into the BC matrix 371:442 In this study, novel nanocomposites comprised of BC with exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) incorporated into the BC matrix were prepared using a simple particle impregnation strategy to enhance the thermal properties and electrical conductivity of the BC. 26572457 4 57 theme higher 801:806 arg1 loadings 813:820 higher xGnP loadings 801:820 higher xGnP loadings 801:820 The temperature at 10% weight loss, thermal stability and residual ash content of the nanocomposites increased at higher xGnP loadings. 26572457 3 58 theme flake-shaped 581:592 arg1 particles 599:607 The flake-shaped xGnP particles 577:607 The flake-shaped xGnP particles 577:607 The flake-shaped xGnP particles were well dispersed and formed a continuous network throughout the BC matrix. 24626216 12 0 theme antifreeze 2036:2045 arg1 activity 2047:2054 antifreeze activity 2036:2054 antifreeze activity 2036:2054 This is the first report, which shows that antifreeze activity is constitutive property of class I chitinase and cold acclimation and calcium regulate these activities of chitinases by changing the secondary structure. 24626216 11 1 theme CD 1883:1884 arg1 results 1886:1892 CD results 1883:1892 CD results 1883:1892 CD results showed that addition of calcium also increased the β-stranded conformation of HrCHT1a and HrCHT1b. 24626216 1 2 theme cold 262:265 arg1 stress 267:272 cold stress 262:272 cold stress 262:272 Class I chitinases hydrolyse the β-1,4-linkage of chitin and also acquire antifreeze activity in some of the overwintering plants during cold stress. 24626216 12 3 theme first 2005:2009 arg1 report 2011:2016 the first report 2001:2016 the first report 2001:2016 This is the first report, which shows that antifreeze activity is constitutive property of class I chitinase and cold acclimation and calcium regulate these activities of chitinases by changing the secondary structure. 24626216 12 3 theme first 2005:2009 arg1 This 1993:1996 This 1993:1996 This 1993:1996 This is the first report, which shows that antifreeze activity is constitutive property of class I chitinase and cold acclimation and calcium regulate these activities of chitinases by changing the secondary structure. 24626216 6 4 theme cold 1212:1215 arg1 acclimation 1217:1227 cold acclimation 1212:1227 cold acclimation 1212:1227 Interestingly, HrCHT1a and HrCHT1b purified from cold acclimated seedlings, exhibited 4 and 2 times higher antifreeze activities than those purified from non-acclimated seedlings, suggesting that antifreeze activity increased during cold acclimation. 24626216 4 5 theme I 588:588 arg1 chitinase 590:598 the class I chitinase 578:598 the class I chitinase of rice and antifreeze proteins 578:630 N-terminal sequence of HrCHT1b matched with the class I chitinase of rice and antifreeze proteins while HrCHT1a could not be sequenced as it was N-terminally blocked. 24626216 9 6 theme cold 1681:1684 arg1 acclimation 1686:1696 cold acclimation 1681:1696 cold acclimation 1681:1696 Circular dichroism (CD) analysis showed that both these chitinases were rich in unusual β-stranded conformation (36-43%) and the content of β-strand increased (∼11%) during cold acclimation. 24626216 5 7 theme class 857:861 arg1 chitinase 865:873 class I chitinase 857:873 class I chitinase 857:873 Unlike previous reports, where antifreeze activity of chitinase was cold inducible, our results showed that antifreeze activity is constitutive property of class I chitinase as both HrCHT1a and HrCHT1b isolated even from non-acclimated seedlings, exhibited antifreeze activity. 24626216 6 8 theme antifreeze 1175:1184 arg1 activity 1186:1193 antifreeze activity 1175:1193 antifreeze activity 1175:1193 Interestingly, HrCHT1a and HrCHT1b purified from cold acclimated seedlings, exhibited 4 and 2 times higher antifreeze activities than those purified from non-acclimated seedlings, suggesting that antifreeze activity increased during cold acclimation. 24626216 3 9 with spots 493:497 arg1 pIs 504:506 pIs 7.0 and 4.6 504:518 pIs 504:506 2-D gels of HrCHT1a and HrCHT1b showed single spots with pIs 7.0 and 4.6 respectively. 24626216 3 9 with spots 493:497 arg1 4.6 516:518 4.6 516:518 4.6 516:518 2-D gels of HrCHT1a and HrCHT1b showed single spots with pIs 7.0 and 4.6 respectively. 24626216 2 10 theme kDa 305:307 arg1 HrCHT1b 313:319 HrCHT1b 313:319 HrCHT1b of 34 kDa 313:329 Two chitinases, HrCHT1a of 31 kDa and HrCHT1b of 34 kDa, were purified from cold acclimated and non-acclimated seabuckthorn seedlings using chitin affinity chromatography. 24626216 2 10 theme kDa 305:307 arg1 HrCHT1a 291:297 HrCHT1a 291:297 HrCHT1a of 31 kDa 291:307 Two chitinases, HrCHT1a of 31 kDa and HrCHT1b of 34 kDa, were purified from cold acclimated and non-acclimated seabuckthorn seedlings using chitin affinity chromatography. 24626216 2 10 theme kDa 305:307 arg1 chitinases 279:288 Two chitinases 275:288 Two chitinases 275:288 Two chitinases, HrCHT1a of 31 kDa and HrCHT1b of 34 kDa, were purified from cold acclimated and non-acclimated seabuckthorn seedlings using chitin affinity chromatography. 24626216 5 11 theme chitinase 865:873 arg1 property 845:852 constitutive property 832:852 constitutive property of class I chitinase 832:873 Unlike previous reports, where antifreeze activity of chitinase was cold inducible, our results showed that antifreeze activity is constitutive property of class I chitinase as both HrCHT1a and HrCHT1b isolated even from non-acclimated seedlings, exhibited antifreeze activity. 24626216 4 12 theme proteins 623:630 arg1 chitinase 590:598 the class I chitinase 578:598 the class I chitinase of rice and antifreeze proteins 578:630 N-terminal sequence of HrCHT1b matched with the class I chitinase of rice and antifreeze proteins while HrCHT1a could not be sequenced as it was N-terminally blocked. 24626216 9 13 theme dichroism 1517:1525 arg1 analysis 1532:1539 Circular dichroism (CD) analysis 1508:1539 Circular dichroism (CD) analysis 1508:1539 Circular dichroism (CD) analysis showed that both these chitinases were rich in unusual β-stranded conformation (36-43%) and the content of β-strand increased (∼11%) during cold acclimation. 24626216 5 14 theme previous 708:715 arg1 reports 717:723 previous reports 708:723 previous reports 708:723 Unlike previous reports, where antifreeze activity of chitinase was cold inducible, our results showed that antifreeze activity is constitutive property of class I chitinase as both HrCHT1a and HrCHT1b isolated even from non-acclimated seedlings, exhibited antifreeze activity. 24626216 10 15 theme hydrolytic 1806:1815 arg1 activity 1817:1824 the hydrolytic activity 1802:1824 the hydrolytic activity 1802:1824 Surprisingly, calcium decreased both the activities of HrCHT1b while in case of HrCHT1a, a decrease in the hydrolytic activity and enhancement in its antifreeze activity was observed. 24626216 12 16 theme class 2084:2088 arg1 chitinase 2092:2100 class I chitinase 2084:2100 class I chitinase 2084:2100 This is the first report, which shows that antifreeze activity is constitutive property of class I chitinase and cold acclimation and calcium regulate these activities of chitinases by changing the secondary structure. 24626216 12 17 theme cold 2106:2109 arg1 acclimation 2111:2121 cold acclimation 2106:2121 cold acclimation 2106:2121 This is the first report, which shows that antifreeze activity is constitutive property of class I chitinase and cold acclimation and calcium regulate these activities of chitinases by changing the secondary structure. 24626216 1 18 theme Class 125:129 arg1 chitinases 133:142 Class I chitinases 125:142 Class I chitinases 125:142 Class I chitinases hydrolyse the β-1,4-linkage of chitin and also acquire antifreeze activity in some of the overwintering plants during cold stress. 24626216 12 19 theme chitinase 2092:2100 arg1 property 2072:2079 constitutive property 2059:2079 constitutive property of class I chitinase and cold acclimation 2059:2121 This is the first report, which shows that antifreeze activity is constitutive property of class I chitinase and cold acclimation and calcium regulate these activities of chitinases by changing the secondary structure. 24626216 9 20 from conformation 1607:1618 arg1 rich 1580:1583 rich 1580:1583 rich 1580:1583 Circular dichroism (CD) analysis showed that both these chitinases were rich in unusual β-stranded conformation (36-43%) and the content of β-strand increased (∼11%) during cold acclimation. 24626216 6 21 theme cold 1028:1031 arg1 seedlings 1044:1052 cold acclimated seedlings 1028:1052 cold acclimated seedlings 1028:1052 Interestingly, HrCHT1a and HrCHT1b purified from cold acclimated seedlings, exhibited 4 and 2 times higher antifreeze activities than those purified from non-acclimated seedlings, suggesting that antifreeze activity increased during cold acclimation. 24626216 1 22 theme antifreeze 199:208 arg1 activity 210:217 antifreeze activity 199:217 antifreeze activity in some of the overwintering plants 199:253 Class I chitinases hydrolyse the β-1,4-linkage of chitin and also acquire antifreeze activity in some of the overwintering plants during cold stress. 24626216 2 23 theme chitin 415:420 arg1 chromatography 431:444 chitin affinity chromatography 415:444 chitin affinity chromatography 415:444 Two chitinases, HrCHT1a of 31 kDa and HrCHT1b of 34 kDa, were purified from cold acclimated and non-acclimated seabuckthorn seedlings using chitin affinity chromatography. 24626216 7 24 theme hydrolytic 1262:1271 arg1 activity 1273:1280 23-33% higher hydrolytic activity 1248:1280 23-33% higher hydrolytic activity 1248:1280 HrCHT1b exhibited 23-33% higher hydrolytic activity and 2-4 times lower antifreeze activity than HrCHT1a did. 24626216 0 25 theme β-stranded 13:22 arg1 chitinases 32:41 β-stranded class I chitinases 13:41 β-stranded class I chitinases 13:41 Refolding of β-stranded class I chitinases of Hippophae rhamnoides enhances the antifreeze activity during cold acclimation. 24626216 9 26 from rich 1580:1583 arg1 conformation 1607:1618 unusual β-stranded conformation 1588:1618 unusual β-stranded conformation (36-43%) 1588:1627 Circular dichroism (CD) analysis showed that both these chitinases were rich in unusual β-stranded conformation (36-43%) and the content of β-strand increased (∼11%) during cold acclimation. 24626216 9 26 from rich 1580:1583 arg1 % 1626:1626 36-43% 1621:1626 36-43% 1621:1626 Circular dichroism (CD) analysis showed that both these chitinases were rich in unusual β-stranded conformation (36-43%) and the content of β-strand increased (∼11%) during cold acclimation. 24626216 6 27 dep 4 1065:1065 arg1 higher 1079:1084 higher 1079:1084 higher 1079:1084 Interestingly, HrCHT1a and HrCHT1b purified from cold acclimated seedlings, exhibited 4 and 2 times higher antifreeze activities than those purified from non-acclimated seedlings, suggesting that antifreeze activity increased during cold acclimation. 24626216 2 28 theme non-acclimated 371:384 arg1 seedlings 399:407 cold acclimated and non-acclimated seabuckthorn seedlings 351:407 cold acclimated and non-acclimated seabuckthorn seedlings 351:407 Two chitinases, HrCHT1a of 31 kDa and HrCHT1b of 34 kDa, were purified from cold acclimated and non-acclimated seabuckthorn seedlings using chitin affinity chromatography. 24626216 5 29 theme antifreeze 732:741 arg1 activity 743:750 antifreeze activity 732:750 antifreeze activity of chitinase 732:763 Unlike previous reports, where antifreeze activity of chitinase was cold inducible, our results showed that antifreeze activity is constitutive property of class I chitinase as both HrCHT1a and HrCHT1b isolated even from non-acclimated seedlings, exhibited antifreeze activity. 24626216 9 30 theme β-stranded 1596:1605 arg1 conformation 1607:1618 unusual β-stranded conformation 1588:1618 unusual β-stranded conformation (36-43%) 1588:1627 Circular dichroism (CD) analysis showed that both these chitinases were rich in unusual β-stranded conformation (36-43%) and the content of β-strand increased (∼11%) during cold acclimation. 24626216 9 30 theme β-stranded 1596:1605 arg1 % 1626:1626 36-43% 1621:1626 36-43% 1621:1626 Circular dichroism (CD) analysis showed that both these chitinases were rich in unusual β-stranded conformation (36-43%) and the content of β-strand increased (∼11%) during cold acclimation. 24626216 2 31 theme acclimated 356:365 arg1 seedlings 399:407 cold acclimated and non-acclimated seabuckthorn seedlings 351:407 cold acclimated and non-acclimated seabuckthorn seedlings 351:407 Two chitinases, HrCHT1a of 31 kDa and HrCHT1b of 34 kDa, were purified from cold acclimated and non-acclimated seabuckthorn seedlings using chitin affinity chromatography. 24626216 12 32 theme secondary 2191:2199 arg1 structure 2201:2209 the secondary structure 2187:2209 the secondary structure 2187:2209 This is the first report, which shows that antifreeze activity is constitutive property of class I chitinase and cold acclimation and calcium regulate these activities of chitinases by changing the secondary structure. 24626216 3 33 theme HrCHT1a 459:465 arg1 gels 451:454 2-D gels 447:454 2-D gels of HrCHT1a and HrCHT1b 447:477 2-D gels of HrCHT1a and HrCHT1b showed single spots with pIs 7.0 and 4.6 respectively. 24626216 5 34 theme antifreeze 809:818 arg1 activity 820:827 antifreeze activity 809:827 antifreeze activity 809:827 Unlike previous reports, where antifreeze activity of chitinase was cold inducible, our results showed that antifreeze activity is constitutive property of class I chitinase as both HrCHT1a and HrCHT1b isolated even from non-acclimated seedlings, exhibited antifreeze activity. 24626216 4 35 theme HrCHT1b 557:563 arg1 sequence 545:552 N-terminal sequence 534:552 N-terminal sequence of HrCHT1b 534:563 N-terminal sequence of HrCHT1b matched with the class I chitinase of rice and antifreeze proteins while HrCHT1a could not be sequenced as it was N-terminally blocked. 24626216 6 36 dep activities 1097:1106 arg1 4 1065:1065 4 1065:1065 4 1065:1065 Interestingly, HrCHT1a and HrCHT1b purified from cold acclimated seedlings, exhibited 4 and 2 times higher antifreeze activities than those purified from non-acclimated seedlings, suggesting that antifreeze activity increased during cold acclimation. 24626216 6 36 dep activities 1097:1106 arg1 times 1073:1077 times 1073:1077 times 1073:1077 Interestingly, HrCHT1a and HrCHT1b purified from cold acclimated seedlings, exhibited 4 and 2 times higher antifreeze activities than those purified from non-acclimated seedlings, suggesting that antifreeze activity increased during cold acclimation. 24626216 0 37 theme I 30:30 arg1 chitinases 32:41 β-stranded class I chitinases 13:41 β-stranded class I chitinases 13:41 Refolding of β-stranded class I chitinases of Hippophae rhamnoides enhances the antifreeze activity during cold acclimation. 24626216 10 38 theme antifreeze 1849:1858 arg1 activity 1860:1867 its antifreeze activity 1845:1867 its antifreeze activity 1845:1867 Surprisingly, calcium decreased both the activities of HrCHT1b while in case of HrCHT1a, a decrease in the hydrolytic activity and enhancement in its antifreeze activity was observed. 24626216 8 39 theme glycosylation 1432:1444 arg1 independent 1417:1427 independent 1417:1427 independent 1417:1427 HrCHT1b was found to be a glycoprotein; however, its antifreeze activity was independent of glycosylation as even deglycosylated HrCHT1b exhibited antifreeze activity. 24626216 3 40 theme single 486:491 arg1 spots 493:497 single spots 486:497 single spots with pIs 7.0 and 4.6 486:518 2-D gels of HrCHT1a and HrCHT1b showed single spots with pIs 7.0 and 4.6 respectively. 24626216 6 41 theme non-acclimated 1133:1146 arg1 seedlings 1148:1156 non-acclimated seedlings 1133:1156 non-acclimated seedlings 1133:1156 Interestingly, HrCHT1a and HrCHT1b purified from cold acclimated seedlings, exhibited 4 and 2 times higher antifreeze activities than those purified from non-acclimated seedlings, suggesting that antifreeze activity increased during cold acclimation. 24626216 12 42 theme chitinases 2164:2173 arg1 activities 2150:2159 these activities 2144:2159 these activities of chitinases 2144:2173 This is the first report, which shows that antifreeze activity is constitutive property of class I chitinase and cold acclimation and calcium regulate these activities of chitinases by changing the secondary structure. 24626216 3 43 theme HrCHT1b 471:477 arg1 gels 451:454 2-D gels 447:454 2-D gels of HrCHT1a and HrCHT1b 447:477 2-D gels of HrCHT1a and HrCHT1b showed single spots with pIs 7.0 and 4.6 respectively. 24626216 9 44 theme β-strand 1648:1655 arg1 content 1637:1643 the content 1633:1643 the content of β-strand 1633:1655 Circular dichroism (CD) analysis showed that both these chitinases were rich in unusual β-stranded conformation (36-43%) and the content of β-strand increased (∼11%) during cold acclimation. 24626216 7 45 theme antifreeze 1302:1311 arg1 activity 1313:1320 2-4 times lower antifreeze activity 1286:1320 2-4 times lower antifreeze activity 1286:1320 HrCHT1b exhibited 23-33% higher hydrolytic activity and 2-4 times lower antifreeze activity than HrCHT1a did. 24626216 2 46 theme seabuckthorn 386:397 arg1 seedlings 399:407 cold acclimated and non-acclimated seabuckthorn seedlings 351:407 cold acclimated and non-acclimated seabuckthorn seedlings 351:407 Two chitinases, HrCHT1a of 31 kDa and HrCHT1b of 34 kDa, were purified from cold acclimated and non-acclimated seabuckthorn seedlings using chitin affinity chromatography. 24626216 10 47 theme HrCHT1b 1754:1760 arg1 activities 1740:1749 both the activities 1731:1749 both the activities of HrCHT1b 1731:1760 Surprisingly, calcium decreased both the activities of HrCHT1b while in case of HrCHT1a, a decrease in the hydrolytic activity and enhancement in its antifreeze activity was observed. 24626216 1 48 theme overwintering 234:246 arg1 plants 248:253 the overwintering plants 230:253 the overwintering plants 230:253 Class I chitinases hydrolyse the β-1,4-linkage of chitin and also acquire antifreeze activity in some of the overwintering plants during cold stress. 24626216 5 49 attach isolated 903:910 arg1 seedlings 937:945 non-acclimated seedlings 922:945 non-acclimated seedlings 922:945 Unlike previous reports, where antifreeze activity of chitinase was cold inducible, our results showed that antifreeze activity is constitutive property of class I chitinase as both HrCHT1a and HrCHT1b isolated even from non-acclimated seedlings, exhibited antifreeze activity. 24626216 5 49 attach isolated 903:910 arg2 HrCHT1a 883:889 HrCHT1a 883:889 HrCHT1a 883:889 Unlike previous reports, where antifreeze activity of chitinase was cold inducible, our results showed that antifreeze activity is constitutive property of class I chitinase as both HrCHT1a and HrCHT1b isolated even from non-acclimated seedlings, exhibited antifreeze activity. 24626216 4 50 theme rice 603:606 arg1 chitinase 590:598 the class I chitinase 578:598 the class I chitinase of rice and antifreeze proteins 578:630 N-terminal sequence of HrCHT1b matched with the class I chitinase of rice and antifreeze proteins while HrCHT1a could not be sequenced as it was N-terminally blocked. 24626216 5 51 theme chitinase 755:763 arg1 activity 743:750 antifreeze activity 732:750 antifreeze activity of chitinase 732:763 Unlike previous reports, where antifreeze activity of chitinase was cold inducible, our results showed that antifreeze activity is constitutive property of class I chitinase as both HrCHT1a and HrCHT1b isolated even from non-acclimated seedlings, exhibited antifreeze activity. 24626216 6 52 theme antifreeze 1086:1095 arg1 activities 1097:1106 4 and 2 times higher antifreeze activities 1065:1106 4 and 2 times higher antifreeze activities 1065:1106 Interestingly, HrCHT1a and HrCHT1b purified from cold acclimated seedlings, exhibited 4 and 2 times higher antifreeze activities than those purified from non-acclimated seedlings, suggesting that antifreeze activity increased during cold acclimation. 24626216 8 53 gly deglycosylated 1454:1467 arg1 HrCHT1b 1469:1475 even deglycosylated HrCHT1b 1449:1475 even deglycosylated HrCHT1b 1449:1475 HrCHT1b was found to be a glycoprotein; however, its antifreeze activity was independent of glycosylation as even deglycosylated HrCHT1b exhibited antifreeze activity. 24626216 4 54 theme class 582:586 arg1 chitinase 590:598 the class I chitinase 578:598 the class I chitinase of rice and antifreeze proteins 578:630 N-terminal sequence of HrCHT1b matched with the class I chitinase of rice and antifreeze proteins while HrCHT1a could not be sequenced as it was N-terminally blocked. 24626216 2 55 theme kDa 327:329 arg1 HrCHT1b 313:319 HrCHT1b 313:319 HrCHT1b of 34 kDa 313:329 Two chitinases, HrCHT1a of 31 kDa and HrCHT1b of 34 kDa, were purified from cold acclimated and non-acclimated seabuckthorn seedlings using chitin affinity chromatography. 24626216 2 55 theme kDa 327:329 arg1 HrCHT1a 291:297 HrCHT1a 291:297 HrCHT1a of 31 kDa 291:307 Two chitinases, HrCHT1a of 31 kDa and HrCHT1b of 34 kDa, were purified from cold acclimated and non-acclimated seabuckthorn seedlings using chitin affinity chromatography. 24626216 2 55 theme kDa 327:329 arg1 chitinases 279:288 Two chitinases 275:288 Two chitinases 275:288 Two chitinases, HrCHT1a of 31 kDa and HrCHT1b of 34 kDa, were purified from cold acclimated and non-acclimated seabuckthorn seedlings using chitin affinity chromatography. 24626216 1 56 theme chitin 175:180 arg1 β-1,4-linkage 158:170 the β-1,4-linkage 154:170 the β-1,4-linkage of chitin 154:180 Class I chitinases hydrolyse the β-1,4-linkage of chitin and also acquire antifreeze activity in some of the overwintering plants during cold stress. 24626216 5 57 theme I 863:863 arg1 chitinase 865:873 class I chitinase 857:873 class I chitinase 857:873 Unlike previous reports, where antifreeze activity of chitinase was cold inducible, our results showed that antifreeze activity is constitutive property of class I chitinase as both HrCHT1a and HrCHT1b isolated even from non-acclimated seedlings, exhibited antifreeze activity. 24626216 9 58 theme Circular 1508:1515 arg1 dichroism 1517:1525 Circular dichroism 1508:1525 Circular dichroism (CD) analysis 1508:1539 Circular dichroism (CD) analysis showed that both these chitinases were rich in unusual β-stranded conformation (36-43%) and the content of β-strand increased (∼11%) during cold acclimation. 24626216 9 58 theme Circular 1508:1515 arg1 CD 1528:1529 CD 1528:1529 CD 1528:1529 Circular dichroism (CD) analysis showed that both these chitinases were rich in unusual β-stranded conformation (36-43%) and the content of β-strand increased (∼11%) during cold acclimation. 24626216 8 59 theme antifreeze 1487:1496 arg1 activity 1498:1505 antifreeze activity 1487:1505 antifreeze activity 1487:1505 HrCHT1b was found to be a glycoprotein; however, its antifreeze activity was independent of glycosylation as even deglycosylated HrCHT1b exhibited antifreeze activity. 24626216 4 60 theme antifreeze 612:621 arg1 proteins 623:630 antifreeze proteins 612:630 antifreeze proteins 612:630 N-terminal sequence of HrCHT1b matched with the class I chitinase of rice and antifreeze proteins while HrCHT1a could not be sequenced as it was N-terminally blocked. 24626216 10 61 from decrease 1790:1797 arg1 enhancement 1830:1840 enhancement 1830:1840 enhancement 1830:1840 Surprisingly, calcium decreased both the activities of HrCHT1b while in case of HrCHT1a, a decrease in the hydrolytic activity and enhancement in its antifreeze activity was observed. 24626216 10 61 from decrease 1790:1797 arg1 activity 1817:1824 the hydrolytic activity 1802:1824 the hydrolytic activity 1802:1824 Surprisingly, calcium decreased both the activities of HrCHT1b while in case of HrCHT1a, a decrease in the hydrolytic activity and enhancement in its antifreeze activity was observed. 24626216 10 61 from decrease 1790:1797 arg1 activity 1860:1867 its antifreeze activity 1845:1867 its antifreeze activity 1845:1867 Surprisingly, calcium decreased both the activities of HrCHT1b while in case of HrCHT1a, a decrease in the hydrolytic activity and enhancement in its antifreeze activity was observed. 24626216 11 62 theme HrCHT1a 1972:1978 arg1 conformation 1956:1967 the β-stranded conformation 1941:1967 the β-stranded conformation of HrCHT1a and HrCHT1b 1941:1990 CD results showed that addition of calcium also increased the β-stranded conformation of HrCHT1a and HrCHT1b. 24626216 5 63 theme constitutive 832:843 arg1 property 845:852 constitutive property 832:852 constitutive property of class I chitinase 832:873 Unlike previous reports, where antifreeze activity of chitinase was cold inducible, our results showed that antifreeze activity is constitutive property of class I chitinase as both HrCHT1a and HrCHT1b isolated even from non-acclimated seedlings, exhibited antifreeze activity. 24626216 12 64 theme acclimation 2111:2121 arg1 property 2072:2079 constitutive property 2059:2079 constitutive property of class I chitinase and cold acclimation 2059:2121 This is the first report, which shows that antifreeze activity is constitutive property of class I chitinase and cold acclimation and calcium regulate these activities of chitinases by changing the secondary structure. 24626216 1 65 from activity 210:217 arg1 plants 248:253 the overwintering plants 230:253 the overwintering plants 230:253 Class I chitinases hydrolyse the β-1,4-linkage of chitin and also acquire antifreeze activity in some of the overwintering plants during cold stress. 24626216 1 65 from activity 210:217 arg1 some 222:225 some 222:225 some 222:225 Class I chitinases hydrolyse the β-1,4-linkage of chitin and also acquire antifreeze activity in some of the overwintering plants during cold stress. 24626216 1 66 theme I 131:131 arg1 chitinases 133:142 Class I chitinases 125:142 Class I chitinases 125:142 Class I chitinases hydrolyse the β-1,4-linkage of chitin and also acquire antifreeze activity in some of the overwintering plants during cold stress. 24626216 6 67 theme acclimated 1033:1042 arg1 seedlings 1044:1052 cold acclimated seedlings 1028:1052 cold acclimated seedlings 1028:1052 Interestingly, HrCHT1a and HrCHT1b purified from cold acclimated seedlings, exhibited 4 and 2 times higher antifreeze activities than those purified from non-acclimated seedlings, suggesting that antifreeze activity increased during cold acclimation. 24626216 12 68 theme I 2090:2090 arg1 chitinase 2092:2100 class I chitinase 2084:2100 class I chitinase 2084:2100 This is the first report, which shows that antifreeze activity is constitutive property of class I chitinase and cold acclimation and calcium regulate these activities of chitinases by changing the secondary structure. 24626216 7 69 theme higher 1255:1260 arg1 activity 1273:1280 23-33% higher hydrolytic activity 1248:1280 23-33% higher hydrolytic activity 1248:1280 HrCHT1b exhibited 23-33% higher hydrolytic activity and 2-4 times lower antifreeze activity than HrCHT1a did. 24626216 11 70 theme HrCHT1b 1984:1990 arg1 conformation 1956:1967 the β-stranded conformation 1941:1967 the β-stranded conformation of HrCHT1a and HrCHT1b 1941:1990 CD results showed that addition of calcium also increased the β-stranded conformation of HrCHT1a and HrCHT1b. 24626216 9 71 dep increased 1657:1665 arg1 % 1671:1671 ∼11% 1668:1671 ∼11% 1668:1671 Circular dichroism (CD) analysis showed that both these chitinases were rich in unusual β-stranded conformation (36-43%) and the content of β-strand increased (∼11%) during cold acclimation. 24626216 0 72 theme antifreeze 80:89 arg1 activity 91:98 the antifreeze activity 76:98 the antifreeze activity 76:98 Refolding of β-stranded class I chitinases of Hippophae rhamnoides enhances the antifreeze activity during cold acclimation. 24626216 12 73 theme constitutive 2059:2070 arg1 property 2072:2079 constitutive property 2059:2079 constitutive property of class I chitinase and cold acclimation 2059:2121 This is the first report, which shows that antifreeze activity is constitutive property of class I chitinase and cold acclimation and calcium regulate these activities of chitinases by changing the secondary structure. 24626216 5 74 theme antifreeze 958:967 arg1 activity 969:976 antifreeze activity 958:976 antifreeze activity 958:976 Unlike previous reports, where antifreeze activity of chitinase was cold inducible, our results showed that antifreeze activity is constitutive property of class I chitinase as both HrCHT1a and HrCHT1b isolated even from non-acclimated seedlings, exhibited antifreeze activity. 24626216 9 75 theme unusual 1588:1594 arg1 conformation 1607:1618 unusual β-stranded conformation 1588:1618 unusual β-stranded conformation (36-43%) 1588:1627 Circular dichroism (CD) analysis showed that both these chitinases were rich in unusual β-stranded conformation (36-43%) and the content of β-strand increased (∼11%) during cold acclimation. 24626216 9 75 theme unusual 1588:1594 arg1 % 1626:1626 36-43% 1621:1626 36-43% 1621:1626 Circular dichroism (CD) analysis showed that both these chitinases were rich in unusual β-stranded conformation (36-43%) and the content of β-strand increased (∼11%) during cold acclimation. 24626216 11 76 theme calcium 1918:1924 arg1 addition 1906:1913 addition 1906:1913 addition of calcium 1906:1924 CD results showed that addition of calcium also increased the β-stranded conformation of HrCHT1a and HrCHT1b. 24626216 5 77 theme non-acclimated 922:935 arg1 seedlings 937:945 non-acclimated seedlings 922:945 non-acclimated seedlings 922:945 Unlike previous reports, where antifreeze activity of chitinase was cold inducible, our results showed that antifreeze activity is constitutive property of class I chitinase as both HrCHT1a and HrCHT1b isolated even from non-acclimated seedlings, exhibited antifreeze activity. 24626216 2 78 theme cold 351:354 arg1 seedlings 399:407 cold acclimated and non-acclimated seabuckthorn seedlings 351:407 cold acclimated and non-acclimated seabuckthorn seedlings 351:407 Two chitinases, HrCHT1a of 31 kDa and HrCHT1b of 34 kDa, were purified from cold acclimated and non-acclimated seabuckthorn seedlings using chitin affinity chromatography. 24626216 0 79 theme class 24:28 arg1 chitinases 32:41 β-stranded class I chitinases 13:41 β-stranded class I chitinases 13:41 Refolding of β-stranded class I chitinases of Hippophae rhamnoides enhances the antifreeze activity during cold acclimation. 24626216 8 80 gly glycoprotein 1366:1377 arg1 HrCHT1b 1340:1346 HrCHT1b 1340:1346 HrCHT1b 1340:1346 HrCHT1b was found to be a glycoprotein; however, its antifreeze activity was independent of glycosylation as even deglycosylated HrCHT1b exhibited antifreeze activity. 24626216 8 80 gly glycoprotein 1366:1377 arg1 glycoprotein 1366:1377 a glycoprotein 1364:1377 a glycoprotein 1364:1377 HrCHT1b was found to be a glycoprotein; however, its antifreeze activity was independent of glycosylation as even deglycosylated HrCHT1b exhibited antifreeze activity. 24626216 2 81 theme affinity 422:429 arg1 chromatography 431:444 chitin affinity chromatography 415:444 chitin affinity chromatography 415:444 Two chitinases, HrCHT1a of 31 kDa and HrCHT1b of 34 kDa, were purified from cold acclimated and non-acclimated seabuckthorn seedlings using chitin affinity chromatography. 24626216 8 82 theme antifreeze 1393:1402 arg1 activity 1404:1411 its antifreeze activity 1389:1411 its antifreeze activity 1389:1411 HrCHT1b was found to be a glycoprotein; however, its antifreeze activity was independent of glycosylation as even deglycosylated HrCHT1b exhibited antifreeze activity. 24626216 11 83 theme β-stranded 1945:1954 arg1 conformation 1956:1967 the β-stranded conformation 1941:1967 the β-stranded conformation of HrCHT1a and HrCHT1b 1941:1990 CD results showed that addition of calcium also increased the β-stranded conformation of HrCHT1a and HrCHT1b. 24626216 0 84 theme chitinases 32:41 arg1 Refolding 0:8 Refolding 0:8 Refolding of β-stranded class I chitinases of Hippophae rhamnoides 0:65 Refolding of β-stranded class I chitinases of Hippophae rhamnoides enhances the antifreeze activity during cold acclimation. 24626216 0 85 theme cold 107:110 arg1 acclimation 112:122 cold acclimation 107:122 cold acclimation 107:122 Refolding of β-stranded class I chitinases of Hippophae rhamnoides enhances the antifreeze activity during cold acclimation. 24626216 0 86 theme Hippophae 46:54 arg1 rhamnoides 56:65 Hippophae rhamnoides 46:65 Hippophae rhamnoides 46:65 Refolding of β-stranded class I chitinases of Hippophae rhamnoides enhances the antifreeze activity during cold acclimation. 24626216 0 87 theme rhamnoides 56:65 arg1 Refolding 0:8 Refolding 0:8 Refolding of β-stranded class I chitinases of Hippophae rhamnoides 0:65 Refolding of β-stranded class I chitinases of Hippophae rhamnoides enhances the antifreeze activity during cold acclimation. 24626216 4 88 theme N-terminal 534:543 arg1 sequence 545:552 N-terminal sequence 534:552 N-terminal sequence of HrCHT1b 534:563 N-terminal sequence of HrCHT1b matched with the class I chitinase of rice and antifreeze proteins while HrCHT1a could not be sequenced as it was N-terminally blocked. 24626216 7 89 theme lower 1296:1300 arg1 activity 1313:1320 2-4 times lower antifreeze activity 1286:1320 2-4 times lower antifreeze activity 1286:1320 HrCHT1b exhibited 23-33% higher hydrolytic activity and 2-4 times lower antifreeze activity than HrCHT1a did. 24626216 3 90 theme 2-D 447:449 arg1 gels 451:454 2-D gels 447:454 2-D gels of HrCHT1a and HrCHT1b 447:477 2-D gels of HrCHT1a and HrCHT1b showed single spots with pIs 7.0 and 4.6 respectively. 24626216 8 91 theme deglycosylated 1454:1467 arg1 HrCHT1b 1469:1475 even deglycosylated HrCHT1b 1449:1475 even deglycosylated HrCHT1b 1449:1475 HrCHT1b was found to be a glycoprotein; however, its antifreeze activity was independent of glycosylation as even deglycosylated HrCHT1b exhibited antifreeze activity. 26076646 3 0 theme Morphological 229:241 arg1 analyses 258:265 Morphological and mechanical analyses 229:265 Morphological and mechanical analyses of the specimens 229:282 Morphological and mechanical analyses of the specimens were carried out to examine the influence of the applied extension. 26076646 6 1 theme filler 808:813 arg1 content 815:821 filler content 808:821 filler content 808:821 This study suggests a way to prepare an anisotropic optical component with nanoparticles of which the microstructures, such as orientation and filler content, can be controlled. 26076646 5 2 theme increased 610:618 arg1 interactions 620:631 increased interactions 610:631 increased interactions between the embedded particles 610:662 As the applied elongation and CNW loading increased, the resulting degree of polarization and birefringence increased due to increased interactions between the embedded particles. 26076646 4 3 theme elongated 393:401 arg1 direction 403:411 the elongated direction 389:411 the elongated direction 389:411 The CNWs were found to be aligned in the elongated direction, yielding remarkable anisotropic microstructure and optical properties. 26076646 5 4 theme applied 492:498 arg1 loading 519:525 the applied elongation and CNW loading 488:525 the applied elongation and CNW loading 488:525 As the applied elongation and CNW loading increased, the resulting degree of polarization and birefringence increased due to increased interactions between the embedded particles. 26076646 6 5 theme anisotropic 705:715 arg1 component 725:733 an anisotropic optical component 702:733 an anisotropic optical component with nanoparticles of which the microstructures, such as orientation and filler content, can be controlled 702:840 This study suggests a way to prepare an anisotropic optical component with nanoparticles of which the microstructures, such as orientation and filler content, can be controlled. 26076646 3 6 theme extension 341:349 arg1 influence 316:324 the influence 312:324 the influence of the applied extension 312:349 Morphological and mechanical analyses of the specimens were carried out to examine the influence of the applied extension. 26076646 1 7 theme anisotropic 78:88 arg1 behaviors 98:106 anisotropic optical behaviors 78:106 anisotropic optical behaviors of composite films embedded with CNWs 78:144 We investigated anisotropic optical behaviors of composite films embedded with CNWs. 26076646 5 8 theme elongation 500:509 arg1 loading 519:525 the applied elongation and CNW loading 488:525 the applied elongation and CNW loading 488:525 As the applied elongation and CNW loading increased, the resulting degree of polarization and birefringence increased due to increased interactions between the embedded particles. 26076646 5 9 theme embedded 645:652 arg1 particles 654:662 the embedded particles 641:662 the embedded particles 641:662 As the applied elongation and CNW loading increased, the resulting degree of polarization and birefringence increased due to increased interactions between the embedded particles. 26076646 1 10 theme optical 90:96 arg1 behaviors 98:106 anisotropic optical behaviors 78:106 anisotropic optical behaviors of composite films embedded with CNWs 78:144 We investigated anisotropic optical behaviors of composite films embedded with CNWs. 26076646 6 11 theme optical 717:723 arg1 component 725:733 an anisotropic optical component 702:733 an anisotropic optical component with nanoparticles of which the microstructures, such as orientation and filler content, can be controlled 702:840 This study suggests a way to prepare an anisotropic optical component with nanoparticles of which the microstructures, such as orientation and filler content, can be controlled. 26076646 0 12 theme optical 12:18 arg1 film 20:23 Anisotropic optical film 0:23 Anisotropic optical film 0:23 Anisotropic optical film embedded with cellulose nanowhisker. 26076646 1 13 with embedded 127:134 arg1 CNWs 141:144 CNWs 141:144 CNWs 141:144 We investigated anisotropic optical behaviors of composite films embedded with CNWs. 26076646 5 14 theme birefringence 579:591 arg1 degree 552:557 the resulting degree 538:557 the resulting degree of polarization and birefringence 538:591 As the applied elongation and CNW loading increased, the resulting degree of polarization and birefringence increased due to increased interactions between the embedded particles. 26076646 5 15 theme CNW 515:517 arg1 loading 519:525 the applied elongation and CNW loading 488:525 the applied elongation and CNW loading 488:525 As the applied elongation and CNW loading increased, the resulting degree of polarization and birefringence increased due to increased interactions between the embedded particles. 26076646 0 16 theme Anisotropic 0:10 arg1 film 20:23 Anisotropic optical film 0:23 Anisotropic optical film 0:23 Anisotropic optical film embedded with cellulose nanowhisker. 26076646 3 17 theme mechanical 247:256 arg1 analyses 258:265 Morphological and mechanical analyses 229:265 Morphological and mechanical analyses of the specimens 229:282 Morphological and mechanical analyses of the specimens were carried out to examine the influence of the applied extension. 26076646 1 18 theme composite 111:119 arg1 films 121:125 composite films 111:125 composite films embedded with CNWs 111:144 We investigated anisotropic optical behaviors of composite films embedded with CNWs. 26076646 1 19 theme films 121:125 arg1 behaviors 98:106 anisotropic optical behaviors 78:106 anisotropic optical behaviors of composite films embedded with CNWs 78:144 We investigated anisotropic optical behaviors of composite films embedded with CNWs. 26076646 0 20 theme cellulose 39:47 arg1 nanowhisker 49:59 cellulose nanowhisker 39:59 cellulose nanowhisker 39:59 Anisotropic optical film embedded with cellulose nanowhisker. 26076646 4 21 theme anisotropic 434:444 arg1 microstructure 446:459 remarkable anisotropic microstructure 423:459 remarkable anisotropic microstructure 423:459 The CNWs were found to be aligned in the elongated direction, yielding remarkable anisotropic microstructure and optical properties. 26076646 3 22 theme specimens 274:282 arg1 analyses 258:265 Morphological and mechanical analyses 229:265 Morphological and mechanical analyses of the specimens 229:282 Morphological and mechanical analyses of the specimens were carried out to examine the influence of the applied extension. 26076646 4 23 theme optical 465:471 arg1 properties 473:482 optical properties 465:482 optical properties 465:482 The CNWs were found to be aligned in the elongated direction, yielding remarkable anisotropic microstructure and optical properties. 26076646 0 24 with embedded 25:32 arg1 nanowhisker 49:59 cellulose nanowhisker 39:59 cellulose nanowhisker 39:59 Anisotropic optical film embedded with cellulose nanowhisker. 26076646 1 25 theme embedded 127:134 arg1 films 121:125 composite films 111:125 composite films embedded with CNWs 111:144 We investigated anisotropic optical behaviors of composite films embedded with CNWs. 26076646 6 26 with component 725:733 arg1 nanoparticles 740:752 nanoparticles 740:752 nanoparticles of which the microstructures, such as orientation and filler content, can be controlled 740:840 This study suggests a way to prepare an anisotropic optical component with nanoparticles of which the microstructures, such as orientation and filler content, can be controlled. 26076646 2 27 theme composite 213:221 arg1 film 223:226 the composite film 209:226 the composite film 209:226 To control the orientation of CNWs, elongation was applied to the composite film. 26076646 2 28 theme CNWs 177:180 arg1 orientation 162:172 the orientation 158:172 the orientation of CNWs 158:180 To control the orientation of CNWs, elongation was applied to the composite film. 26076646 5 29 theme polarization 562:573 arg1 degree 552:557 the resulting degree 538:557 the resulting degree of polarization and birefringence 538:591 As the applied elongation and CNW loading increased, the resulting degree of polarization and birefringence increased due to increased interactions between the embedded particles. 26076646 4 30 theme remarkable 423:432 arg1 microstructure 446:459 remarkable anisotropic microstructure 423:459 remarkable anisotropic microstructure 423:459 The CNWs were found to be aligned in the elongated direction, yielding remarkable anisotropic microstructure and optical properties. 26076646 5 31 theme resulting 542:550 arg1 degree 552:557 the resulting degree 538:557 the resulting degree of polarization and birefringence 538:591 As the applied elongation and CNW loading increased, the resulting degree of polarization and birefringence increased due to increased interactions between the embedded particles. 26076646 3 32 theme applied 333:339 arg1 extension 341:349 the applied extension 329:349 the applied extension 329:349 Morphological and mechanical analyses of the specimens were carried out to examine the influence of the applied extension. 28645764 0 0 theme chitosan/graphene 58:74 arg1 film 90:93 a heparin modified chitosan/graphene nanocomposite film 39:93 a heparin modified chitosan/graphene nanocomposite film 39:93 Electrochemical behavior of Pb (II) on a heparin modified chitosan/graphene nanocomposite film coated glassy carbon electrode and its sensitive detection. 28645764 2 1 theme anodic 462:467 arg1 SWASV 492:496 SWASV 492:496 SWASV 492:496 It can be applied for the sensitive electrochemical detection of Pb2+ by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). 28645764 2 1 theme anodic 462:467 arg1 voltammetry 479:489 anodic stripping voltammetry 462:489 square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) 450:497 It can be applied for the sensitive electrochemical detection of Pb2+ by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). 28645764 8 2 with consistent 1526:1535 arg1 that 1542:1545 that 1542:1545 that 1542:1545 Finally, hep/CS-rGO/GC electrode was assessed by the quantity of Pb2+ present in the practical samples, and the determined results were consistent with that of AAS. 28645764 0 3 theme modified 49:56 arg1 film 90:93 a heparin modified chitosan/graphene nanocomposite film 39:93 a heparin modified chitosan/graphene nanocomposite film 39:93 Electrochemical behavior of Pb (II) on a heparin modified chitosan/graphene nanocomposite film coated glassy carbon electrode and its sensitive detection. 28645764 0 4 from behavior 16:23 arg1 film 90:93 a heparin modified chitosan/graphene nanocomposite film 39:93 a heparin modified chitosan/graphene nanocomposite film 39:93 Electrochemical behavior of Pb (II) on a heparin modified chitosan/graphene nanocomposite film coated glassy carbon electrode and its sensitive detection. 28645764 8 5 from samples 1485:1491 arg1 present 1460:1466 present 1460:1466 present 1460:1466 Finally, hep/CS-rGO/GC electrode was assessed by the quantity of Pb2+ present in the practical samples, and the determined results were consistent with that of AAS. 28645764 6 6 theme modified 1095:1102 arg1 electrode 1104:1112 the modified electrode 1091:1112 the modified electrode 1091:1112 The detection limit and sensitivity achieved for the modified electrode were 0.03μgL-1 and 1.34μA/nM respectively. 28645764 5 7 theme linear 917:922 arg1 curve 936:940 the linear calibration curve 913:940 the linear calibration curve 913:940 Under the optimized conditions, the linear calibration curve was calculated to be from 1.125 to 8.25μgL-1 for Pb2+ with the correlation coefficient (R2) 0.9988. 28645764 7 8 theme Pb2+ 1384:1387 arg1 detection 1371:1379 the detection 1367:1379 the detection of Pb2+ 1367:1387 Furthermore, the electrochemical investigation indicates that the hep/CS-rGO composite electrode exhibits high selectivity, strong adherence to the electrode surface, good stability and reproducibility towards the detection of Pb2+. 28645764 8 9 from present 1460:1466 arg1 samples 1485:1491 the practical samples 1471:1491 the practical samples 1471:1491 Finally, hep/CS-rGO/GC electrode was assessed by the quantity of Pb2+ present in the practical samples, and the determined results were consistent with that of AAS. 28645764 0 10 theme nanocomposite 76:88 arg1 film 90:93 a heparin modified chitosan/graphene nanocomposite film 39:93 a heparin modified chitosan/graphene nanocomposite film 39:93 Electrochemical behavior of Pb (II) on a heparin modified chitosan/graphene nanocomposite film coated glassy carbon electrode and its sensitive detection. 28645764 1 11 theme glassy 336:341 arg1 hep/CS-rGO/GC 361:373 hep/CS-rGO/GC 361:373 hep/CS-rGO/GC 361:373 In this study, we developed a novel composite material containing biological macromolecules like heparin and chitosan coated on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for the modification of glassy carbon electrode (hep/CS-rGO/GC). 28645764 1 11 theme glassy 336:341 arg1 electrode 350:358 glassy carbon electrode 336:358 glassy carbon electrode (hep/CS-rGO/GC) 336:374 In this study, we developed a novel composite material containing biological macromolecules like heparin and chitosan coated on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for the modification of glassy carbon electrode (hep/CS-rGO/GC). 28645764 4 12 theme electrochemical 731:745 arg1 parameters 747:756 various electrochemical parameters 723:756 various electrochemical parameters such as supporting electrolytes, pH value, deposition potential, and deposition time 723:841 The consequence of deposition and stripping of metal ions by various electrochemical parameters such as supporting electrolytes, pH value, deposition potential, and deposition time were carefully studied and optimized. 28645764 4 12 theme electrochemical 731:745 arg1 time 838:841 deposition time 827:841 deposition time 827:841 The consequence of deposition and stripping of metal ions by various electrochemical parameters such as supporting electrolytes, pH value, deposition potential, and deposition time were carefully studied and optimized. 28645764 4 12 theme electrochemical 731:745 arg1 electrolytes 777:788 supporting electrolytes 766:788 supporting electrolytes 766:788 The consequence of deposition and stripping of metal ions by various electrochemical parameters such as supporting electrolytes, pH value, deposition potential, and deposition time were carefully studied and optimized. 28645764 4 12 theme electrochemical 731:745 arg1 value 794:798 pH value 791:798 pH value 791:798 The consequence of deposition and stripping of metal ions by various electrochemical parameters such as supporting electrolytes, pH value, deposition potential, and deposition time were carefully studied and optimized. 28645764 4 12 theme electrochemical 731:745 arg1 potential 812:820 deposition potential 801:820 deposition potential 801:820 The consequence of deposition and stripping of metal ions by various electrochemical parameters such as supporting electrolytes, pH value, deposition potential, and deposition time were carefully studied and optimized. 28645764 7 13 theme strong 1281:1286 arg1 selectivity 1268:1278 high selectivity 1263:1278 high selectivity 1263:1278 Furthermore, the electrochemical investigation indicates that the hep/CS-rGO composite electrode exhibits high selectivity, strong adherence to the electrode surface, good stability and reproducibility towards the detection of Pb2+. 28645764 7 13 theme strong 1281:1286 arg1 adherence 1288:1296 strong adherence 1281:1296 strong adherence to the electrode surface 1281:1321 Furthermore, the electrochemical investigation indicates that the hep/CS-rGO composite electrode exhibits high selectivity, strong adherence to the electrode surface, good stability and reproducibility towards the detection of Pb2+. 28645764 0 14 theme glassy 102:107 arg1 electrode 116:124 glassy carbon electrode 102:124 glassy carbon electrode 102:124 Electrochemical behavior of Pb (II) on a heparin modified chitosan/graphene nanocomposite film coated glassy carbon electrode and its sensitive detection. 28645764 1 15 theme carbon 343:348 arg1 hep/CS-rGO/GC 361:373 hep/CS-rGO/GC 361:373 hep/CS-rGO/GC 361:373 In this study, we developed a novel composite material containing biological macromolecules like heparin and chitosan coated on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for the modification of glassy carbon electrode (hep/CS-rGO/GC). 28645764 1 15 theme carbon 343:348 arg1 electrode 350:358 glassy carbon electrode 336:358 glassy carbon electrode (hep/CS-rGO/GC) 336:374 In this study, we developed a novel composite material containing biological macromolecules like heparin and chitosan coated on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for the modification of glassy carbon electrode (hep/CS-rGO/GC). 28645764 6 16 theme detection 1046:1054 arg1 limit 1056:1060 The detection limit 1042:1060 The detection limit 1042:1060 The detection limit and sensitivity achieved for the modified electrode were 0.03μgL-1 and 1.34μA/nM respectively. 28645764 6 16 theme detection 1046:1054 arg1 0.03μgL-1 1119:1127 0.03μgL-1 1119:1127 0.03μgL-1 1119:1127 The detection limit and sensitivity achieved for the modified electrode were 0.03μgL-1 and 1.34μA/nM respectively. 28645764 7 17 theme electrochemical 1174:1188 arg1 investigation 1190:1202 the electrochemical investigation 1170:1202 the electrochemical investigation 1170:1202 Furthermore, the electrochemical investigation indicates that the hep/CS-rGO composite electrode exhibits high selectivity, strong adherence to the electrode surface, good stability and reproducibility towards the detection of Pb2+. 28645764 1 18 theme electrode 350:358 arg1 modification 320:331 the modification 316:331 the modification of glassy carbon electrode (hep/CS-rGO/GC) 316:374 In this study, we developed a novel composite material containing biological macromolecules like heparin and chitosan coated on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for the modification of glassy carbon electrode (hep/CS-rGO/GC). 28645764 2 19 theme electrochemical 413:427 arg1 detection 429:437 the sensitive electrochemical detection 399:437 the sensitive electrochemical detection of Pb2+ by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) 399:497 It can be applied for the sensitive electrochemical detection of Pb2+ by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). 28645764 5 20 with Pb2+ 991:994 arg1 0.9988 1034:1039 the correlation coefficient (R2) 0.9988 1001:1039 the correlation coefficient (R2) 0.9988 1001:1039 Under the optimized conditions, the linear calibration curve was calculated to be from 1.125 to 8.25μgL-1 for Pb2+ with the correlation coefficient (R2) 0.9988. 28645764 7 21 theme hep/CS-rGO 1223:1232 arg1 electrode 1244:1252 the hep/CS-rGO composite electrode 1219:1252 the hep/CS-rGO composite electrode 1219:1252 Furthermore, the electrochemical investigation indicates that the hep/CS-rGO composite electrode exhibits high selectivity, strong adherence to the electrode surface, good stability and reproducibility towards the detection of Pb2+. 28645764 4 22 theme ions 715:718 arg1 stripping 696:704 stripping 696:704 stripping 696:704 The consequence of deposition and stripping of metal ions by various electrochemical parameters such as supporting electrolytes, pH value, deposition potential, and deposition time were carefully studied and optimized. 28645764 4 22 theme ions 715:718 arg1 deposition 681:690 deposition 681:690 deposition 681:690 The consequence of deposition and stripping of metal ions by various electrochemical parameters such as supporting electrolytes, pH value, deposition potential, and deposition time were carefully studied and optimized. 28645764 2 23 dep wave 457:460 arg1 SWASV 492:496 SWASV 492:496 SWASV 492:496 It can be applied for the sensitive electrochemical detection of Pb2+ by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). 28645764 2 23 dep wave 457:460 arg1 voltammetry 479:489 anodic stripping voltammetry 462:489 square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) 450:497 It can be applied for the sensitive electrochemical detection of Pb2+ by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). 28645764 7 24 theme good 1324:1327 arg1 stability 1329:1337 good stability 1324:1337 good stability 1324:1337 Furthermore, the electrochemical investigation indicates that the hep/CS-rGO composite electrode exhibits high selectivity, strong adherence to the electrode surface, good stability and reproducibility towards the detection of Pb2+. 28645764 7 24 theme good 1324:1327 arg1 selectivity 1268:1278 high selectivity 1263:1278 high selectivity 1263:1278 Furthermore, the electrochemical investigation indicates that the hep/CS-rGO composite electrode exhibits high selectivity, strong adherence to the electrode surface, good stability and reproducibility towards the detection of Pb2+. 28645764 0 25 theme Electrochemical 0:14 arg1 behavior 16:23 Electrochemical behavior 0:23 Electrochemical behavior of Pb (II) on a heparin modified chitosan/graphene nanocomposite film 0:93 Electrochemical behavior of Pb (II) on a heparin modified chitosan/graphene nanocomposite film coated glassy carbon electrode and its sensitive detection. 28645764 4 26 theme deposition 827:836 arg1 time 838:841 deposition time 827:841 deposition time 827:841 The consequence of deposition and stripping of metal ions by various electrochemical parameters such as supporting electrolytes, pH value, deposition potential, and deposition time were carefully studied and optimized. 28645764 4 27 theme metal 709:713 arg1 ions 715:718 metal ions 709:718 metal ions 709:718 The consequence of deposition and stripping of metal ions by various electrochemical parameters such as supporting electrolytes, pH value, deposition potential, and deposition time were carefully studied and optimized. 28645764 0 28 theme Pb 28:29 arg1 behavior 16:23 Electrochemical behavior 0:23 Electrochemical behavior of Pb (II) on a heparin modified chitosan/graphene nanocomposite film 0:93 Electrochemical behavior of Pb (II) on a heparin modified chitosan/graphene nanocomposite film coated glassy carbon electrode and its sensitive detection. 28645764 5 29 theme correlation 1005:1015 arg1 R2 1030:1031 R2 1030:1031 R2 1030:1031 Under the optimized conditions, the linear calibration curve was calculated to be from 1.125 to 8.25μgL-1 for Pb2+ with the correlation coefficient (R2) 0.9988. 28645764 5 29 theme correlation 1005:1015 arg1 coefficient 1017:1027 correlation coefficient 1005:1027 the correlation coefficient (R2) 0.9988 1001:1039 Under the optimized conditions, the linear calibration curve was calculated to be from 1.125 to 8.25μgL-1 for Pb2+ with the correlation coefficient (R2) 0.9988. 28645764 4 30 theme various 723:729 arg1 parameters 747:756 various electrochemical parameters 723:756 various electrochemical parameters such as supporting electrolytes, pH value, deposition potential, and deposition time 723:841 The consequence of deposition and stripping of metal ions by various electrochemical parameters such as supporting electrolytes, pH value, deposition potential, and deposition time were carefully studied and optimized. 28645764 4 30 theme various 723:729 arg1 time 838:841 deposition time 827:841 deposition time 827:841 The consequence of deposition and stripping of metal ions by various electrochemical parameters such as supporting electrolytes, pH value, deposition potential, and deposition time were carefully studied and optimized. 28645764 4 30 theme various 723:729 arg1 electrolytes 777:788 supporting electrolytes 766:788 supporting electrolytes 766:788 The consequence of deposition and stripping of metal ions by various electrochemical parameters such as supporting electrolytes, pH value, deposition potential, and deposition time were carefully studied and optimized. 28645764 4 30 theme various 723:729 arg1 value 794:798 pH value 791:798 pH value 791:798 The consequence of deposition and stripping of metal ions by various electrochemical parameters such as supporting electrolytes, pH value, deposition potential, and deposition time were carefully studied and optimized. 28645764 4 30 theme various 723:729 arg1 potential 812:820 deposition potential 801:820 deposition potential 801:820 The consequence of deposition and stripping of metal ions by various electrochemical parameters such as supporting electrolytes, pH value, deposition potential, and deposition time were carefully studied and optimized. 28645764 5 31 dep 8.25μgL-1 977:985 arg1 to 974:975 to 974:975 to 974:975 Under the optimized conditions, the linear calibration curve was calculated to be from 1.125 to 8.25μgL-1 for Pb2+ with the correlation coefficient (R2) 0.9988. 28645764 5 32 theme calibration 924:934 arg1 curve 936:940 the linear calibration curve 913:940 the linear calibration curve 913:940 Under the optimized conditions, the linear calibration curve was calculated to be from 1.125 to 8.25μgL-1 for Pb2+ with the correlation coefficient (R2) 0.9988. 28645764 1 33 theme reduced 283:289 arg1 rGO 307:309 rGO 307:309 rGO 307:309 In this study, we developed a novel composite material containing biological macromolecules like heparin and chitosan coated on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for the modification of glassy carbon electrode (hep/CS-rGO/GC). 28645764 1 33 theme reduced 283:289 arg1 oxide 300:304 reduced graphene oxide 283:304 reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for the modification of glassy carbon electrode (hep/CS-rGO/GC) 283:374 In this study, we developed a novel composite material containing biological macromolecules like heparin and chitosan coated on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for the modification of glassy carbon electrode (hep/CS-rGO/GC). 28645764 0 34 theme carbon 109:114 arg1 electrode 116:124 glassy carbon electrode 102:124 glassy carbon electrode 102:124 Electrochemical behavior of Pb (II) on a heparin modified chitosan/graphene nanocomposite film coated glassy carbon electrode and its sensitive detection. 28645764 8 35 theme hep/CS-rGO/GC 1399:1411 arg1 electrode 1413:1421 hep/CS-rGO/GC electrode 1399:1421 hep/CS-rGO/GC electrode 1399:1421 Finally, hep/CS-rGO/GC electrode was assessed by the quantity of Pb2+ present in the practical samples, and the determined results were consistent with that of AAS. 28645764 2 36 theme square 450:455 arg1 wave 457:460 square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) 450:497 square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) 450:497 It can be applied for the sensitive electrochemical detection of Pb2+ by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). 28645764 1 37 theme graphene 291:298 arg1 rGO 307:309 rGO 307:309 rGO 307:309 In this study, we developed a novel composite material containing biological macromolecules like heparin and chitosan coated on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for the modification of glassy carbon electrode (hep/CS-rGO/GC). 28645764 1 37 theme graphene 291:298 arg1 oxide 300:304 reduced graphene oxide 283:304 reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for the modification of glassy carbon electrode (hep/CS-rGO/GC) 283:374 In this study, we developed a novel composite material containing biological macromolecules like heparin and chitosan coated on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for the modification of glassy carbon electrode (hep/CS-rGO/GC). 28645764 8 38 theme Pb2+ 1455:1458 arg1 quantity 1443:1450 the quantity 1439:1450 the quantity of Pb2+ present in the practical samples 1439:1491 Finally, hep/CS-rGO/GC electrode was assessed by the quantity of Pb2+ present in the practical samples, and the determined results were consistent with that of AAS. 28645764 5 39 theme coefficient 1017:1027 arg1 0.9988 1034:1039 the correlation coefficient (R2) 0.9988 1001:1039 the correlation coefficient (R2) 0.9988 1001:1039 Under the optimized conditions, the linear calibration curve was calculated to be from 1.125 to 8.25μgL-1 for Pb2+ with the correlation coefficient (R2) 0.9988. 28645764 1 40 theme novel 185:189 arg1 material 201:208 a novel composite material 183:208 a novel composite material containing biological macromolecules like heparin and chitosan coated on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for the modification of glassy carbon electrode (hep/CS-rGO/GC) 183:374 In this study, we developed a novel composite material containing biological macromolecules like heparin and chitosan coated on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for the modification of glassy carbon electrode (hep/CS-rGO/GC). 28645764 2 41 theme sensitive 403:411 arg1 detection 429:437 the sensitive electrochemical detection 399:437 the sensitive electrochemical detection of Pb2+ by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) 399:497 It can be applied for the sensitive electrochemical detection of Pb2+ by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). 28645764 1 42 theme composite 191:199 arg1 material 201:208 a novel composite material 183:208 a novel composite material containing biological macromolecules like heparin and chitosan coated on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for the modification of glassy carbon electrode (hep/CS-rGO/GC) 183:374 In this study, we developed a novel composite material containing biological macromolecules like heparin and chitosan coated on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for the modification of glassy carbon electrode (hep/CS-rGO/GC). 28645764 2 43 theme Pb2+ 442:445 arg1 detection 429:437 the sensitive electrochemical detection 399:437 the sensitive electrochemical detection of Pb2+ by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) 399:497 It can be applied for the sensitive electrochemical detection of Pb2+ by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). 28645764 3 44 theme effective 605:613 arg1 functionalization 615:631 an effective functionalization 602:631 an effective functionalization 602:631 The physicochemical analysis such as XRD, FTIR, FESEM and Raman spectroscopy techniques revealed that an effective functionalization occurred at the rGO surface. 28645764 1 45 contain containing 210:219 arg1 material 201:208 a novel composite material 183:208 a novel composite material containing biological macromolecules like heparin and chitosan coated on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for the modification of glassy carbon electrode (hep/CS-rGO/GC) 183:374 In this study, we developed a novel composite material containing biological macromolecules like heparin and chitosan coated on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for the modification of glassy carbon electrode (hep/CS-rGO/GC). 28645764 1 45 contain containing 210:219 arg2 macromolecules 232:245 biological macromolecules 221:245 biological macromolecules like heparin and chitosan coated on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for the modification of glassy carbon electrode (hep/CS-rGO/GC) 221:374 In this study, we developed a novel composite material containing biological macromolecules like heparin and chitosan coated on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for the modification of glassy carbon electrode (hep/CS-rGO/GC). 28645764 5 46 theme optimized 891:899 arg1 conditions 901:910 the optimized conditions 887:910 the optimized conditions 887:910 Under the optimized conditions, the linear calibration curve was calculated to be from 1.125 to 8.25μgL-1 for Pb2+ with the correlation coefficient (R2) 0.9988. 28645764 0 47 theme sensitive 134:142 arg1 detection 144:152 its sensitive detection 130:152 its sensitive detection 130:152 Electrochemical behavior of Pb (II) on a heparin modified chitosan/graphene nanocomposite film coated glassy carbon electrode and its sensitive detection. 28645764 3 48 theme rGO 649:651 arg1 surface 653:659 the rGO surface 645:659 the rGO surface 645:659 The physicochemical analysis such as XRD, FTIR, FESEM and Raman spectroscopy techniques revealed that an effective functionalization occurred at the rGO surface. 28645764 4 49 theme deposition 801:810 arg1 potential 812:820 deposition potential 801:820 deposition potential 801:820 The consequence of deposition and stripping of metal ions by various electrochemical parameters such as supporting electrolytes, pH value, deposition potential, and deposition time were carefully studied and optimized. 28645764 4 50 theme deposition 681:690 arg1 consequence 666:676 The consequence 662:676 The consequence of deposition and stripping of metal ions by various electrochemical parameters such as supporting electrolytes, pH value, deposition potential, and deposition time 662:841 The consequence of deposition and stripping of metal ions by various electrochemical parameters such as supporting electrolytes, pH value, deposition potential, and deposition time were carefully studied and optimized. 28645764 8 51 theme practical 1475:1483 arg1 samples 1485:1491 the practical samples 1471:1491 the practical samples 1471:1491 Finally, hep/CS-rGO/GC electrode was assessed by the quantity of Pb2+ present in the practical samples, and the determined results were consistent with that of AAS. 28645764 3 52 theme Raman 558:562 arg1 spectroscopy 564:575 Raman spectroscopy 558:575 Raman spectroscopy 558:575 The physicochemical analysis such as XRD, FTIR, FESEM and Raman spectroscopy techniques revealed that an effective functionalization occurred at the rGO surface. 28645764 8 53 attach present 1460:1466 arg2 Pb2+ 1455:1458 Pb2+ 1455:1458 Pb2+ present in the practical samples 1455:1491 Finally, hep/CS-rGO/GC electrode was assessed by the quantity of Pb2+ present in the practical samples, and the determined results were consistent with that of AAS. 28645764 8 53 attach present 1460:1466 arg1 samples 1485:1491 the practical samples 1471:1491 the practical samples 1471:1491 Finally, hep/CS-rGO/GC electrode was assessed by the quantity of Pb2+ present in the practical samples, and the determined results were consistent with that of AAS. 28645764 3 54 theme physicochemical 504:518 arg1 analysis 520:527 The physicochemical analysis 500:527 The physicochemical analysis such as XRD, FTIR, FESEM and Raman spectroscopy techniques 500:586 The physicochemical analysis such as XRD, FTIR, FESEM and Raman spectroscopy techniques revealed that an effective functionalization occurred at the rGO surface. 28645764 8 55 theme present 1460:1466 arg1 Pb2+ 1455:1458 Pb2+ 1455:1458 Pb2+ present in the practical samples 1455:1491 Finally, hep/CS-rGO/GC electrode was assessed by the quantity of Pb2+ present in the practical samples, and the determined results were consistent with that of AAS. 28645764 4 56 theme supporting 766:775 arg1 electrolytes 777:788 supporting electrolytes 766:788 supporting electrolytes 766:788 The consequence of deposition and stripping of metal ions by various electrochemical parameters such as supporting electrolytes, pH value, deposition potential, and deposition time were carefully studied and optimized. 28645764 4 57 theme stripping 696:704 arg1 consequence 666:676 The consequence 662:676 The consequence of deposition and stripping of metal ions by various electrochemical parameters such as supporting electrolytes, pH value, deposition potential, and deposition time 662:841 The consequence of deposition and stripping of metal ions by various electrochemical parameters such as supporting electrolytes, pH value, deposition potential, and deposition time were carefully studied and optimized. 28645764 0 58 theme heparin 41:47 arg1 film 90:93 a heparin modified chitosan/graphene nanocomposite film 39:93 a heparin modified chitosan/graphene nanocomposite film 39:93 Electrochemical behavior of Pb (II) on a heparin modified chitosan/graphene nanocomposite film coated glassy carbon electrode and its sensitive detection. 28645764 7 59 theme electrode 1305:1313 arg1 surface 1315:1321 the electrode surface 1301:1321 the electrode surface 1301:1321 Furthermore, the electrochemical investigation indicates that the hep/CS-rGO composite electrode exhibits high selectivity, strong adherence to the electrode surface, good stability and reproducibility towards the detection of Pb2+. 28645764 4 60 theme pH 791:792 arg1 value 794:798 pH value 791:798 pH value 791:798 The consequence of deposition and stripping of metal ions by various electrochemical parameters such as supporting electrolytes, pH value, deposition potential, and deposition time were carefully studied and optimized. 28645764 7 61 theme high 1263:1266 arg1 stability 1329:1337 good stability 1324:1337 good stability 1324:1337 Furthermore, the electrochemical investigation indicates that the hep/CS-rGO composite electrode exhibits high selectivity, strong adherence to the electrode surface, good stability and reproducibility towards the detection of Pb2+. 28645764 7 61 theme high 1263:1266 arg1 selectivity 1268:1278 high selectivity 1263:1278 high selectivity 1263:1278 Furthermore, the electrochemical investigation indicates that the hep/CS-rGO composite electrode exhibits high selectivity, strong adherence to the electrode surface, good stability and reproducibility towards the detection of Pb2+. 28645764 7 61 theme high 1263:1266 arg1 adherence 1288:1296 strong adherence 1281:1296 strong adherence to the electrode surface 1281:1321 Furthermore, the electrochemical investigation indicates that the hep/CS-rGO composite electrode exhibits high selectivity, strong adherence to the electrode surface, good stability and reproducibility towards the detection of Pb2+. 28645764 7 61 theme high 1263:1266 arg1 reproducibility 1343:1357 reproducibility 1343:1357 reproducibility 1343:1357 Furthermore, the electrochemical investigation indicates that the hep/CS-rGO composite electrode exhibits high selectivity, strong adherence to the electrode surface, good stability and reproducibility towards the detection of Pb2+. 28645764 7 62 theme composite 1234:1242 arg1 electrode 1244:1252 the hep/CS-rGO composite electrode 1219:1252 the hep/CS-rGO composite electrode 1219:1252 Furthermore, the electrochemical investigation indicates that the hep/CS-rGO composite electrode exhibits high selectivity, strong adherence to the electrode surface, good stability and reproducibility towards the detection of Pb2+. 28645764 1 63 theme biological 221:230 arg1 macromolecules 232:245 biological macromolecules 221:245 biological macromolecules like heparin and chitosan coated on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for the modification of glassy carbon electrode (hep/CS-rGO/GC) 221:374 In this study, we developed a novel composite material containing biological macromolecules like heparin and chitosan coated on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for the modification of glassy carbon electrode (hep/CS-rGO/GC). 28645764 2 64 theme stripping 469:477 arg1 SWASV 492:496 SWASV 492:496 SWASV 492:496 It can be applied for the sensitive electrochemical detection of Pb2+ by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). 28645764 2 64 theme stripping 469:477 arg1 voltammetry 479:489 anodic stripping voltammetry 462:489 square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) 450:497 It can be applied for the sensitive electrochemical detection of Pb2+ by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). 28645764 8 65 theme determined 1502:1511 arg1 results 1513:1519 the determined results 1498:1519 the determined results 1498:1519 Finally, hep/CS-rGO/GC electrode was assessed by the quantity of Pb2+ present in the practical samples, and the determined results were consistent with that of AAS. 28645764 8 65 theme determined 1502:1511 arg1 consistent 1526:1535 consistent 1526:1535 consistent 1526:1535 Finally, hep/CS-rGO/GC electrode was assessed by the quantity of Pb2+ present in the practical samples, and the determined results were consistent with that of AAS. 28645764 3 66 dep XRD 537:539 arg1 techniques 577:586 techniques 577:586 techniques 577:586 The physicochemical analysis such as XRD, FTIR, FESEM and Raman spectroscopy techniques revealed that an effective functionalization occurred at the rGO surface. 27164868 5 0 theme HAc 694:696 arg1 filler 698:703 the pure HAc filler 685:703 the pure HAc filler 685:703 Compared with the pure HAc filler, all of the HAc-HAp composite fillers exhibited significant improvements in volumetric maintenance based on in vivo tests owing to their reduced water content and higher degree of biointegration between the filler and surrounding tissues. 27164868 7 1 theme great 1160:1164 arg1 potential 1166:1174 great potential 1160:1174 great potential for soft tissue augmentation with multifunctionality 1160:1227 Based on their long-lasting durability and bioactivity, HAc-HAp composite fillers have great potential for soft tissue augmentation with multifunctionality. 27164868 4 2 from effect 607:612 arg1 bioactivity 643:653 bioactivity 643:653 bioactivity 643:653 Emphasis was placed on the effect of HAp on the durability and bioactivity of the fillers. 27164868 4 2 from effect 607:612 arg1 durability 628:637 durability 628:637 durability 628:637 Emphasis was placed on the effect of HAp on the durability and bioactivity of the fillers. 27164868 5 3 dep in 813:814 arg1 vivo 816:819 vivo 816:819 vivo 816:819 Compared with the pure HAc filler, all of the HAc-HAp composite fillers exhibited significant improvements in volumetric maintenance based on in vivo tests owing to their reduced water content and higher degree of biointegration between the filler and surrounding tissues. 27164868 3 4 from precipitation 520:532 arg1 hydrogels 569:577 HAc hydrogels 565:577 HAc hydrogels 565:577 HAc-microHAp was fabricated by mixing HAp microspheres with HAc hydrogels, and HAc-nanoHAp was made by in situ precipitation of nano-sized HAp particles in HAc hydrogels. 27164868 0 5 dep in 133:134 arg1 vivo 136:139 vivo 136:139 vivo 136:139 Long-lasting and bioactive hyaluronic acid-hydroxyapatite composite hydrogels for injectable dermal fillers: Physical properties and in vivo durability. 27164868 4 6 theme fillers 662:668 arg1 bioactivity 643:653 bioactivity 643:653 bioactivity 643:653 Emphasis was placed on the effect of HAp on the durability and bioactivity of the fillers. 27164868 4 6 theme fillers 662:668 arg1 durability 628:637 durability 628:637 durability 628:637 Emphasis was placed on the effect of HAp on the durability and bioactivity of the fillers. 27164868 6 7 theme dermis 1008:1013 arg1 recovery 1015:1022 dermis recovery 1008:1022 dermis recovery 1008:1022 HAc-HAp composite fillers also showed noticeable enhancement in dermis recovery, promoting collagen and elastic fiber formation. 27164868 0 8 theme Physical 109:116 arg1 properties 118:127 Physical properties 109:127 Physical properties 109:127 Long-lasting and bioactive hyaluronic acid-hydroxyapatite composite hydrogels for injectable dermal fillers: Physical properties and in vivo durability. 27164868 3 9 theme HAc 565:567 arg1 hydrogels 569:577 HAc hydrogels 565:577 HAc hydrogels 565:577 HAc-microHAp was fabricated by mixing HAp microspheres with HAc hydrogels, and HAc-nanoHAp was made by in situ precipitation of nano-sized HAp particles in HAc hydrogels. 27164868 7 10 theme soft 1180:1183 arg1 augmentation 1192:1203 soft tissue augmentation 1180:1203 soft tissue augmentation with multifunctionality 1180:1227 Based on their long-lasting durability and bioactivity, HAc-HAp composite fillers have great potential for soft tissue augmentation with multifunctionality. 27164868 2 11 dep generated 358:366 arg1 HAc-nanoHAp 385:395 HAc-nanoHAp 385:395 HAc-nanoHAp 385:395 Two kinds of HAc-HAp composite fillers were generated: HAcmicroHAp and HAc-nanoHAp composites. 27164868 2 11 dep generated 358:366 arg1 HAcmicroHAp 369:379 HAcmicroHAp 369:379 HAcmicroHAp 369:379 Two kinds of HAc-HAp composite fillers were generated: HAcmicroHAp and HAc-nanoHAp composites. 27164868 1 12 theme Hyaluronic 153:162 arg1 HAc 170:172 HAc 170:172 HAc 170:172 Hyaluronic acid (HAc)-hydroxyapatite (HAp) composite hydrogels were developed to improve the biostability and bioactivity of HAc for dermal filler applications. 27164868 1 12 theme Hyaluronic 153:162 arg1 acid 164:167 Hyaluronic acid 153:167 Hyaluronic acid (HAc)-hydroxyapatite (HAp) composite hydrogels 153:214 Hyaluronic acid (HAc)-hydroxyapatite (HAp) composite hydrogels were developed to improve the biostability and bioactivity of HAc for dermal filler applications. 27164868 0 13 theme in 133:134 arg1 durability 141:150 in vivo durability 133:150 in vivo durability 133:150 Long-lasting and bioactive hyaluronic acid-hydroxyapatite composite hydrogels for injectable dermal fillers: Physical properties and in vivo durability. 27164868 3 14 theme HAp 548:550 arg1 particles 552:560 nano-sized HAp particles 537:560 nano-sized HAp particles 537:560 HAc-microHAp was fabricated by mixing HAp microspheres with HAc hydrogels, and HAc-nanoHAp was made by in situ precipitation of nano-sized HAp particles in HAc hydrogels. 27164868 5 15 theme higher 868:873 arg1 degree 875:880 higher degree 868:880 higher degree of biointegration 868:898 Compared with the pure HAc filler, all of the HAc-HAp composite fillers exhibited significant improvements in volumetric maintenance based on in vivo tests owing to their reduced water content and higher degree of biointegration between the filler and surrounding tissues. 27164868 1 16 theme -hydroxyapatite 174:188 arg1 hydrogels 206:214 Hyaluronic acid (HAc)-hydroxyapatite (HAp) composite hydrogels 153:214 Hyaluronic acid (HAc)-hydroxyapatite (HAp) composite hydrogels 153:214 Hyaluronic acid (HAc)-hydroxyapatite (HAp) composite hydrogels were developed to improve the biostability and bioactivity of HAc for dermal filler applications. 27164868 1 17 theme HAc 278:280 arg1 bioactivity 263:273 bioactivity 263:273 bioactivity 263:273 Hyaluronic acid (HAc)-hydroxyapatite (HAp) composite hydrogels were developed to improve the biostability and bioactivity of HAc for dermal filler applications. 27164868 1 17 theme HAc 278:280 arg1 biostability 246:257 biostability 246:257 biostability 246:257 Hyaluronic acid (HAc)-hydroxyapatite (HAp) composite hydrogels were developed to improve the biostability and bioactivity of HAc for dermal filler applications. 27164868 5 18 theme volumetric 781:790 arg1 maintenance 792:802 volumetric maintenance 781:802 volumetric maintenance based on in vivo tests owing to their reduced water content 781:862 Compared with the pure HAc filler, all of the HAc-HAp composite fillers exhibited significant improvements in volumetric maintenance based on in vivo tests owing to their reduced water content and higher degree of biointegration between the filler and surrounding tissues. 27164868 2 19 dep HAcmicroHAp 369:379 arg1 composites 397:406 composites 397:406 composites 397:406 Two kinds of HAc-HAp composite fillers were generated: HAcmicroHAp and HAc-nanoHAp composites. 27164868 3 20 theme HAc 469:471 arg1 hydrogels 473:481 HAc hydrogels 469:481 HAc hydrogels 469:481 HAc-microHAp was fabricated by mixing HAp microspheres with HAc hydrogels, and HAc-nanoHAp was made by in situ precipitation of nano-sized HAp particles in HAc hydrogels. 27164868 5 21 theme in 813:814 arg1 tests 821:825 in vivo tests 813:825 in vivo tests owing to their reduced water content 813:862 Compared with the pure HAc filler, all of the HAc-HAp composite fillers exhibited significant improvements in volumetric maintenance based on in vivo tests owing to their reduced water content and higher degree of biointegration between the filler and surrounding tissues. 27164868 3 22 dep in 512:513 arg1 situ 515:518 situ 515:518 situ 515:518 HAc-microHAp was fabricated by mixing HAp microspheres with HAc hydrogels, and HAc-nanoHAp was made by in situ precipitation of nano-sized HAp particles in HAc hydrogels. 27164868 7 23 with augmentation 1192:1203 arg1 multifunctionality 1210:1227 multifunctionality 1210:1227 multifunctionality 1210:1227 Based on their long-lasting durability and bioactivity, HAc-HAp composite fillers have great potential for soft tissue augmentation with multifunctionality. 27164868 6 24 theme elastic 1048:1054 arg1 formation 1062:1070 collagen and elastic fiber formation 1035:1070 formation 1062:1070 HAc-HAp composite fillers also showed noticeable enhancement in dermis recovery, promoting collagen and elastic fiber formation. 27164868 3 25 theme HAp 447:449 arg1 microspheres 451:462 HAp microspheres 447:462 HAp microspheres 447:462 HAc-microHAp was fabricated by mixing HAp microspheres with HAc hydrogels, and HAc-nanoHAp was made by in situ precipitation of nano-sized HAp particles in HAc hydrogels. 27164868 0 26 theme Long-lasting 0:11 arg1 hydrogels 68:76 Long-lasting and bioactive hyaluronic acid-hydroxyapatite composite hydrogels 0:76 Long-lasting and bioactive hyaluronic acid-hydroxyapatite composite hydrogels for injectable dermal fillers: Physical properties and in vivo durability. 0:151 Long-lasting and bioactive hyaluronic acid-hydroxyapatite composite hydrogels for injectable dermal fillers: Physical properties and in vivo durability. 27164868 5 27 theme biointegration 885:898 arg1 improvements 765:776 significant improvements 753:776 significant improvements in volumetric maintenance based on in vivo tests owing to their reduced water content 753:862 Compared with the pure HAc filler, all of the HAc-HAp composite fillers exhibited significant improvements in volumetric maintenance based on in vivo tests owing to their reduced water content and higher degree of biointegration between the filler and surrounding tissues. 27164868 5 27 theme biointegration 885:898 arg1 degree 875:880 higher degree 868:880 higher degree of biointegration 868:898 Compared with the pure HAc filler, all of the HAc-HAp composite fillers exhibited significant improvements in volumetric maintenance based on in vivo tests owing to their reduced water content and higher degree of biointegration between the filler and surrounding tissues. 27164868 0 28 theme hyaluronic 27:36 arg1 hydrogels 68:76 Long-lasting and bioactive hyaluronic acid-hydroxyapatite composite hydrogels 0:76 Long-lasting and bioactive hyaluronic acid-hydroxyapatite composite hydrogels for injectable dermal fillers: Physical properties and in vivo durability. 0:151 Long-lasting and bioactive hyaluronic acid-hydroxyapatite composite hydrogels for injectable dermal fillers: Physical properties and in vivo durability. 27164868 1 29 theme dermal 286:291 arg1 applications 300:311 dermal filler applications 286:311 dermal filler applications 286:311 Hyaluronic acid (HAc)-hydroxyapatite (HAp) composite hydrogels were developed to improve the biostability and bioactivity of HAc for dermal filler applications. 27164868 7 30 theme long-lasting 1088:1099 arg1 durability 1101:1110 their long-lasting durability 1082:1110 their long-lasting durability 1082:1110 Based on their long-lasting durability and bioactivity, HAc-HAp composite fillers have great potential for soft tissue augmentation with multifunctionality. 27164868 7 31 theme HAc-HAp 1129:1135 arg1 fillers 1147:1153 HAc-HAp composite fillers 1129:1153 HAc-HAp composite fillers 1129:1153 Based on their long-lasting durability and bioactivity, HAc-HAp composite fillers have great potential for soft tissue augmentation with multifunctionality. 27164868 1 32 theme composite 196:204 arg1 hydrogels 206:214 Hyaluronic acid (HAc)-hydroxyapatite (HAp) composite hydrogels 153:214 Hyaluronic acid (HAc)-hydroxyapatite (HAp) composite hydrogels 153:214 Hyaluronic acid (HAc)-hydroxyapatite (HAp) composite hydrogels were developed to improve the biostability and bioactivity of HAc for dermal filler applications. 27164868 0 33 theme bioactive 17:25 arg1 hydrogels 68:76 Long-lasting and bioactive hyaluronic acid-hydroxyapatite composite hydrogels 0:76 Long-lasting and bioactive hyaluronic acid-hydroxyapatite composite hydrogels for injectable dermal fillers: Physical properties and in vivo durability. 0:151 Long-lasting and bioactive hyaluronic acid-hydroxyapatite composite hydrogels for injectable dermal fillers: Physical properties and in vivo durability. 27164868 1 34 theme filler 293:298 arg1 applications 300:311 dermal filler applications 286:311 dermal filler applications 286:311 Hyaluronic acid (HAc)-hydroxyapatite (HAp) composite hydrogels were developed to improve the biostability and bioactivity of HAc for dermal filler applications. 27164868 6 35 theme noticeable 982:991 arg1 enhancement 993:1003 noticeable enhancement 982:1003 noticeable enhancement in dermis recovery 982:1022 HAc-HAp composite fillers also showed noticeable enhancement in dermis recovery, promoting collagen and elastic fiber formation. 27164868 0 36 theme composite 58:66 arg1 hydrogels 68:76 Long-lasting and bioactive hyaluronic acid-hydroxyapatite composite hydrogels 0:76 Long-lasting and bioactive hyaluronic acid-hydroxyapatite composite hydrogels for injectable dermal fillers: Physical properties and in vivo durability. 0:151 Long-lasting and bioactive hyaluronic acid-hydroxyapatite composite hydrogels for injectable dermal fillers: Physical properties and in vivo durability. 27164868 3 37 theme in 512:513 arg1 precipitation 520:532 in situ precipitation 512:532 in situ precipitation of nano-sized HAp particles in HAc hydrogels 512:577 HAc-microHAp was fabricated by mixing HAp microspheres with HAc hydrogels, and HAc-nanoHAp was made by in situ precipitation of nano-sized HAp particles in HAc hydrogels. 27164868 6 38 from enhancement 993:1003 arg1 recovery 1015:1022 dermis recovery 1008:1022 dermis recovery 1008:1022 HAc-HAp composite fillers also showed noticeable enhancement in dermis recovery, promoting collagen and elastic fiber formation. 27164868 1 39 dep biostability 246:257 arg1 the 242:244 the 242:244 the 242:244 Hyaluronic acid (HAc)-hydroxyapatite (HAp) composite hydrogels were developed to improve the biostability and bioactivity of HAc for dermal filler applications. 27164868 5 40 theme reduced 842:848 arg1 content 856:862 their reduced water content 836:862 their reduced water content 836:862 Compared with the pure HAc filler, all of the HAc-HAp composite fillers exhibited significant improvements in volumetric maintenance based on in vivo tests owing to their reduced water content and higher degree of biointegration between the filler and surrounding tissues. 27164868 0 41 theme acid-hydroxyapatite 38:56 arg1 hydrogels 68:76 Long-lasting and bioactive hyaluronic acid-hydroxyapatite composite hydrogels 0:76 Long-lasting and bioactive hyaluronic acid-hydroxyapatite composite hydrogels for injectable dermal fillers: Physical properties and in vivo durability. 0:151 Long-lasting and bioactive hyaluronic acid-hydroxyapatite composite hydrogels for injectable dermal fillers: Physical properties and in vivo durability. 27164868 7 42 theme tissue 1185:1190 arg1 augmentation 1192:1203 soft tissue augmentation 1180:1203 soft tissue augmentation with multifunctionality 1180:1227 Based on their long-lasting durability and bioactivity, HAc-HAp composite fillers have great potential for soft tissue augmentation with multifunctionality. 27164868 0 43 dep hydrogels 68:76 arg1 properties 118:127 Physical properties 109:127 Physical properties 109:127 Long-lasting and bioactive hyaluronic acid-hydroxyapatite composite hydrogels for injectable dermal fillers: Physical properties and in vivo durability. 27164868 0 43 dep hydrogels 68:76 arg1 durability 141:150 in vivo durability 133:150 in vivo durability 133:150 Long-lasting and bioactive hyaluronic acid-hydroxyapatite composite hydrogels for injectable dermal fillers: Physical properties and in vivo durability. 27164868 5 44 theme water 850:854 arg1 content 856:862 their reduced water content 836:862 their reduced water content 836:862 Compared with the pure HAc filler, all of the HAc-HAp composite fillers exhibited significant improvements in volumetric maintenance based on in vivo tests owing to their reduced water content and higher degree of biointegration between the filler and surrounding tissues. 27164868 6 45 theme composite 952:960 arg1 fillers 962:968 HAc-HAp composite fillers 944:968 HAc-HAp composite fillers 944:968 HAc-HAp composite fillers also showed noticeable enhancement in dermis recovery, promoting collagen and elastic fiber formation. 27164868 6 46 theme fiber 1056:1060 arg1 formation 1062:1070 collagen and elastic fiber formation 1035:1070 formation 1062:1070 HAc-HAp composite fillers also showed noticeable enhancement in dermis recovery, promoting collagen and elastic fiber formation. 27164868 5 47 theme significant 753:763 arg1 improvements 765:776 significant improvements 753:776 significant improvements in volumetric maintenance based on in vivo tests owing to their reduced water content 753:862 Compared with the pure HAc filler, all of the HAc-HAp composite fillers exhibited significant improvements in volumetric maintenance based on in vivo tests owing to their reduced water content and higher degree of biointegration between the filler and surrounding tissues. 27164868 7 48 contain have 1155:1158 arg1 fillers 1147:1153 HAc-HAp composite fillers 1129:1153 HAc-HAp composite fillers 1129:1153 Based on their long-lasting durability and bioactivity, HAc-HAp composite fillers have great potential for soft tissue augmentation with multifunctionality. 27164868 7 48 contain have 1155:1158 arg2 potential 1166:1174 great potential 1160:1174 great potential for soft tissue augmentation with multifunctionality 1160:1227 Based on their long-lasting durability and bioactivity, HAc-HAp composite fillers have great potential for soft tissue augmentation with multifunctionality. 27164868 5 49 theme filler 912:917 arg1 tissues 935:941 the filler and surrounding tissues 908:941 tissues 935:941 Compared with the pure HAc filler, all of the HAc-HAp composite fillers exhibited significant improvements in volumetric maintenance based on in vivo tests owing to their reduced water content and higher degree of biointegration between the filler and surrounding tissues. 27164868 6 50 theme HAc-HAp 944:950 arg1 fillers 962:968 HAc-HAp composite fillers 944:968 HAc-HAp composite fillers 944:968 HAc-HAp composite fillers also showed noticeable enhancement in dermis recovery, promoting collagen and elastic fiber formation. 27164868 5 51 from improvements 765:776 arg1 maintenance 792:802 volumetric maintenance 781:802 volumetric maintenance based on in vivo tests owing to their reduced water content 781:862 Compared with the pure HAc filler, all of the HAc-HAp composite fillers exhibited significant improvements in volumetric maintenance based on in vivo tests owing to their reduced water content and higher degree of biointegration between the filler and surrounding tissues. 27164868 4 52 dep durability 628:637 arg1 the 624:626 the 624:626 the 624:626 Emphasis was placed on the effect of HAp on the durability and bioactivity of the fillers. 27164868 2 53 theme fillers 345:351 arg1 kinds 318:322 Two kinds 314:322 Two kinds of HAc-HAp composite fillers 314:351 Two kinds of HAc-HAp composite fillers were generated: HAcmicroHAp and HAc-nanoHAp composites. 27164868 5 54 theme pure 689:692 arg1 filler 698:703 the pure HAc filler 685:703 the pure HAc filler 685:703 Compared with the pure HAc filler, all of the HAc-HAp composite fillers exhibited significant improvements in volumetric maintenance based on in vivo tests owing to their reduced water content and higher degree of biointegration between the filler and surrounding tissues. 27164868 2 55 theme composite 335:343 arg1 fillers 345:351 HAc-HAp composite fillers 327:351 HAc-HAp composite fillers 327:351 Two kinds of HAc-HAp composite fillers were generated: HAcmicroHAp and HAc-nanoHAp composites. 27164868 4 56 theme HAp 617:619 arg1 effect 607:612 the effect 603:612 the effect of HAp on the durability and bioactivity of the fillers 603:668 Emphasis was placed on the effect of HAp on the durability and bioactivity of the fillers. 27164868 3 57 theme particles 552:560 arg1 precipitation 520:532 in situ precipitation 512:532 in situ precipitation of nano-sized HAp particles in HAc hydrogels 512:577 HAc-microHAp was fabricated by mixing HAp microspheres with HAc hydrogels, and HAc-nanoHAp was made by in situ precipitation of nano-sized HAp particles in HAc hydrogels. 27164868 7 58 theme composite 1137:1145 arg1 fillers 1147:1153 HAc-HAp composite fillers 1129:1153 HAc-HAp composite fillers 1129:1153 Based on their long-lasting durability and bioactivity, HAc-HAp composite fillers have great potential for soft tissue augmentation with multifunctionality. 27164868 2 59 theme HAc-HAp 327:333 arg1 fillers 345:351 HAc-HAp composite fillers 327:351 HAc-HAp composite fillers 327:351 Two kinds of HAc-HAp composite fillers were generated: HAcmicroHAp and HAc-nanoHAp composites. 27164868 5 60 theme surrounding 923:933 arg1 tissues 935:941 the filler and surrounding tissues 908:941 tissues 935:941 Compared with the pure HAc filler, all of the HAc-HAp composite fillers exhibited significant improvements in volumetric maintenance based on in vivo tests owing to their reduced water content and higher degree of biointegration between the filler and surrounding tissues. 27164868 0 61 theme dermal 93:98 arg1 fillers 100:106 injectable dermal fillers 82:106 injectable dermal fillers 82:106 Long-lasting and bioactive hyaluronic acid-hydroxyapatite composite hydrogels for injectable dermal fillers: Physical properties and in vivo durability. 27164868 5 62 theme composite 725:733 arg1 fillers 735:741 the HAc-HAp composite fillers 713:741 the HAc-HAp composite fillers 713:741 Compared with the pure HAc filler, all of the HAc-HAp composite fillers exhibited significant improvements in volumetric maintenance based on in vivo tests owing to their reduced water content and higher degree of biointegration between the filler and surrounding tissues. 27164868 5 63 from degree 875:880 arg1 maintenance 792:802 volumetric maintenance 781:802 volumetric maintenance based on in vivo tests owing to their reduced water content 781:862 Compared with the pure HAc filler, all of the HAc-HAp composite fillers exhibited significant improvements in volumetric maintenance based on in vivo tests owing to their reduced water content and higher degree of biointegration between the filler and surrounding tissues. 27164868 1 64 theme acid 164:167 arg1 HAp 191:193 HAp 191:193 HAp 191:193 Hyaluronic acid (HAc)-hydroxyapatite (HAp) composite hydrogels were developed to improve the biostability and bioactivity of HAc for dermal filler applications. 27164868 1 64 theme acid 164:167 arg1 -hydroxyapatite 174:188 Hyaluronic acid (HAc)-hydroxyapatite 153:188 Hyaluronic acid (HAc)-hydroxyapatite (HAp) composite hydrogels 153:214 Hyaluronic acid (HAc)-hydroxyapatite (HAp) composite hydrogels were developed to improve the biostability and bioactivity of HAc for dermal filler applications. 27164868 6 65 theme collagen 1035:1042 arg1 formation 1062:1070 collagen and elastic fiber formation 1035:1070 formation 1062:1070 HAc-HAp composite fillers also showed noticeable enhancement in dermis recovery, promoting collagen and elastic fiber formation. 27164868 0 66 theme injectable 82:91 arg1 fillers 100:106 injectable dermal fillers 82:106 injectable dermal fillers 82:106 Long-lasting and bioactive hyaluronic acid-hydroxyapatite composite hydrogels for injectable dermal fillers: Physical properties and in vivo durability. 27164868 3 67 theme nano-sized 537:546 arg1 particles 552:560 nano-sized HAp particles 537:560 nano-sized HAp particles 537:560 HAc-microHAp was fabricated by mixing HAp microspheres with HAc hydrogels, and HAc-nanoHAp was made by in situ precipitation of nano-sized HAp particles in HAc hydrogels. 27164868 5 68 theme HAc-HAp 717:723 arg1 fillers 735:741 the HAc-HAp composite fillers 713:741 the HAc-HAp composite fillers 713:741 Compared with the pure HAc filler, all of the HAc-HAp composite fillers exhibited significant improvements in volumetric maintenance based on in vivo tests owing to their reduced water content and higher degree of biointegration between the filler and surrounding tissues. 27065236 14 0 theme planta 2570:2575 arg1 production 2577:2586 planta production 2570:2586 planta production by tomato lines 2570:2602 This study demonstrates the potential for composition-specific deployment of acylsugars for herbivore oviposition suppression, either through in planta production by tomato lines, or as biocides applied by a foliar spray. 27065236 10 1 theme fatty 1970:1974 arg1 chains 1986:1991 fatty acid side chains 1970:1991 fatty acid side chains 1970:1991 The acylsugars from S. pennellii LA1376 were separated by polarity into two fractions that differed sharply for their sugar moieties and fatty acid side chains. 27065236 1 2 theme cultivated 280:289 arg1 tomato 291:296 cultivated tomato 280:296 cultivated tomato 280:296 Acylsugars are secondary metabolites exuded from type IV glandular trichomes that provide broad-spectrum insect suppression for Solanum pennellii Correll, a wild relative of cultivated tomato. 27065236 4 3 theme acylsugar-producing 874:892 arg1 line 910:913 an acylsugar-producing tomato breeding line 871:913 an acylsugar-producing tomato breeding line 871:913 We extracted and characterized acylsugars from four S. pennellii accessions with different compositions, as well as from an acylsugar-producing tomato breeding line. 27065236 3 4 theme Bemisia 577:583 arg1 Group 631:635 Middle East--Asia Minor 1 Group 605:635 Middle East--Asia Minor 1 Group 605:635 Our objective was to determine which acylsugar compositions more effectively suppressed oviposition of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Middle East--Asia Minor 1 Group), tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). 27065236 3 4 theme Bemisia 577:583 arg1 Gennadius 593:601 Gennadius 593:601 Gennadius 593:601 Our objective was to determine which acylsugar compositions more effectively suppressed oviposition of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Middle East--Asia Minor 1 Group), tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). 27065236 3 4 theme Bemisia 577:583 arg1 tabaci 585:590 the whitefly Bemisia tabaci 564:590 the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Middle East--Asia Minor 1 Group) 564:636 Our objective was to determine which acylsugar compositions more effectively suppressed oviposition of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Middle East--Asia Minor 1 Group), tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). 27065236 3 5 theme thrips 703:708 arg1 oviposition 549:559 oviposition 549:559 oviposition of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Middle East--Asia Minor 1 Group), tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) 549:747 Our objective was to determine which acylsugar compositions more effectively suppressed oviposition of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Middle East--Asia Minor 1 Group), tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). 27065236 1 6 theme broad-spectrum 196:209 arg1 suppression 218:228 broad-spectrum insect suppression 196:228 broad-spectrum insect suppression 196:228 Acylsugars are secondary metabolites exuded from type IV glandular trichomes that provide broad-spectrum insect suppression for Solanum pennellii Correll, a wild relative of cultivated tomato. 27065236 14 7 theme oviposition 2527:2537 arg1 suppression 2539:2549 herbivore oviposition suppression 2517:2549 herbivore oviposition suppression 2517:2549 This study demonstrates the potential for composition-specific deployment of acylsugars for herbivore oviposition suppression, either through in planta production by tomato lines, or as biocides applied by a foliar spray. 27065236 9 8 theme specialization 1735:1748 arg1 evolution 1717:1725 evolution 1717:1725 evolution of host specialization, resistance specificity, and potentially host differentiation or local adaptation 1717:1830 It follows that acylsugars could thus mediate plant-enemy interactions in such a way as to affect evolution of host specialization, resistance specificity, and potentially host differentiation or local adaptation. 27065236 10 9 theme S. 1853:1854 arg1 LA1376 1866:1871 S. pennellii LA1376 1853:1871 S. pennellii LA1376 1853:1871 The acylsugars from S. pennellii LA1376 were separated by polarity into two fractions that differed sharply for their sugar moieties and fatty acid side chains. 27065236 7 10 theme treated 1430:1436 arg1 substrates 1438:1447 acylsugar treated substrates 1420:1447 acylsugar treated substrates 1420:1447 The acylsugars from S. pennellii accessions and the tomato breeding line demonstrated differential functionality in their ability to alter the distribution of whitefly oviposition and suppress oviposition on acylsugar treated substrates. 27065236 2 11 theme S. 332:333 arg1 accessions 345:354 different S. pennellii accessions 322:354 different S. pennellii accessions 322:354 Acylsugars produced by different S. pennellii accessions vary by sugar moieties (glucose or sucrose) and fatty acid side chains (lengths and branching patterns). 27065236 1 12 theme Solanum 234:240 arg1 relative 268:275 a wild relative 261:275 a wild relative of cultivated tomato 261:296 Acylsugars are secondary metabolites exuded from type IV glandular trichomes that provide broad-spectrum insect suppression for Solanum pennellii Correll, a wild relative of cultivated tomato. 27065236 1 12 theme Solanum 234:240 arg1 Correll 252:258 Solanum pennellii Correll 234:258 Solanum pennellii Correll 234:258 Acylsugars are secondary metabolites exuded from type IV glandular trichomes that provide broad-spectrum insect suppression for Solanum pennellii Correll, a wild relative of cultivated tomato. 27065236 11 13 contain had 2010:2012 arg1 fractions 2000:2008 These fractions 1994:2008 These fractions 1994:2008 These fractions had different efficacies, with neither having activity approaching that of the original exudate. 27065236 11 13 contain had 2010:2012 arg2 efficacies 2024:2033 different efficacies 2014:2033 different efficacies 2014:2033 These fractions had different efficacies, with neither having activity approaching that of the original exudate. 27065236 9 14 theme resistance 1751:1760 arg1 specificity 1762:1772 resistance specificity 1751:1772 resistance specificity 1751:1772 It follows that acylsugars could thus mediate plant-enemy interactions in such a way as to affect evolution of host specialization, resistance specificity, and potentially host differentiation or local adaptation. 27065236 3 15 theme Minor 623:627 arg1 Group 631:635 Middle East--Asia Minor 1 Group 605:635 Middle East--Asia Minor 1 Group 605:635 Our objective was to determine which acylsugar compositions more effectively suppressed oviposition of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Middle East--Asia Minor 1 Group), tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). 27065236 3 15 theme Minor 623:627 arg1 tabaci 585:590 the whitefly Bemisia tabaci 564:590 the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Middle East--Asia Minor 1 Group) 564:636 Our objective was to determine which acylsugar compositions more effectively suppressed oviposition of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Middle East--Asia Minor 1 Group), tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). 27065236 4 16 theme breeding 901:908 arg1 line 910:913 an acylsugar-producing tomato breeding line 871:913 an acylsugar-producing tomato breeding line 871:913 We extracted and characterized acylsugars from four S. pennellii accessions with different compositions, as well as from an acylsugar-producing tomato breeding line. 27065236 3 17 theme Middle 605:610 arg1 Group 631:635 Middle East--Asia Minor 1 Group 605:635 Middle East--Asia Minor 1 Group 605:635 Our objective was to determine which acylsugar compositions more effectively suppressed oviposition of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Middle East--Asia Minor 1 Group), tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). 27065236 3 17 theme Middle 605:610 arg1 tabaci 585:590 the whitefly Bemisia tabaci 564:590 the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Middle East--Asia Minor 1 Group) 564:636 Our objective was to determine which acylsugar compositions more effectively suppressed oviposition of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Middle East--Asia Minor 1 Group), tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). 27065236 4 18 from accessions 815:824 arg1 acylsugars 781:790 acylsugars 781:790 acylsugars from four S. pennellii accessions with different compositions, as well as from an acylsugar-producing tomato breeding line 781:913 We extracted and characterized acylsugars from four S. pennellii accessions with different compositions, as well as from an acylsugar-producing tomato breeding line. 27065236 8 19 theme flower 1514:1519 arg1 thrips 1521:1526 western flower thrips 1506:1526 western flower thrips 1506:1526 Tobacco thrips were sensitive to all compositions while western flower thrips and whiteflies were more sensitive to acylsugars from a subset of S. pennellii accessions. 27065236 7 20 theme oviposition 1380:1390 arg1 distribution 1355:1366 the distribution 1351:1366 the distribution of whitefly oviposition 1351:1390 The acylsugars from S. pennellii accessions and the tomato breeding line demonstrated differential functionality in their ability to alter the distribution of whitefly oviposition and suppress oviposition on acylsugar treated substrates. 27065236 3 21 theme whitefly 568:575 arg1 Group 631:635 Middle East--Asia Minor 1 Group 605:635 Middle East--Asia Minor 1 Group 605:635 Our objective was to determine which acylsugar compositions more effectively suppressed oviposition of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Middle East--Asia Minor 1 Group), tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). 27065236 3 21 theme whitefly 568:575 arg1 Gennadius 593:601 Gennadius 593:601 Gennadius 593:601 Our objective was to determine which acylsugar compositions more effectively suppressed oviposition of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Middle East--Asia Minor 1 Group), tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). 27065236 3 21 theme whitefly 568:575 arg1 tabaci 585:590 the whitefly Bemisia tabaci 564:590 the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Middle East--Asia Minor 1 Group) 564:636 Our objective was to determine which acylsugar compositions more effectively suppressed oviposition of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Middle East--Asia Minor 1 Group), tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). 27065236 7 22 theme pennellii 1235:1243 arg1 accessions 1245:1254 S. pennellii accessions 1232:1254 S. pennellii accessions 1232:1254 The acylsugars from S. pennellii accessions and the tomato breeding line demonstrated differential functionality in their ability to alter the distribution of whitefly oviposition and suppress oviposition on acylsugar treated substrates. 27065236 1 23 theme glandular 163:171 arg1 trichomes 173:181 glandular trichomes 163:181 type IV glandular trichomes that provide broad-spectrum insect suppression for Solanum pennellii Correll, a wild relative of cultivated tomato 155:296 Acylsugars are secondary metabolites exuded from type IV glandular trichomes that provide broad-spectrum insect suppression for Solanum pennellii Correll, a wild relative of cultivated tomato. 27065236 9 24 theme local 1815:1819 arg1 adaptation 1821:1830 local adaptation 1815:1830 local adaptation 1815:1830 It follows that acylsugars could thus mediate plant-enemy interactions in such a way as to affect evolution of host specialization, resistance specificity, and potentially host differentiation or local adaptation. 27065236 0 25 theme Insect 87:92 arg1 Herbivores 94:103 Insect Herbivores 87:103 Insect Herbivores 87:103 Differential and Synergistic Functionality of Acylsugars in Suppressing Oviposition by Insect Herbivores. 27065236 14 26 theme foliar 2633:2638 arg1 spray 2640:2644 a foliar spray 2631:2644 a foliar spray 2631:2644 This study demonstrates the potential for composition-specific deployment of acylsugars for herbivore oviposition suppression, either through in planta production by tomato lines, or as biocides applied by a foliar spray. 27065236 5 27 theme S. 959:960 arg1 accession 972:980 one S. pennellii accession 955:980 one S. pennellii accession 955:980 We also fractionated the acylsugars of one S. pennellii accession to examine the effects of its components. 27065236 5 28 theme accession 972:980 arg1 acylsugars 941:950 the acylsugars 937:950 the acylsugars of one S. pennellii accession 937:980 We also fractionated the acylsugars of one S. pennellii accession to examine the effects of its components. 27065236 14 29 from suppression 2539:2549 arg1 production 2577:2586 planta production 2570:2586 planta production by tomato lines 2570:2602 This study demonstrates the potential for composition-specific deployment of acylsugars for herbivore oviposition suppression, either through in planta production by tomato lines, or as biocides applied by a foliar spray. 27065236 12 30 theme original 2269:2276 arg1 exudate 2278:2284 the original exudate 2265:2284 the original exudate 2265:2284 When these two fractions were recombined, the effect on both whiteflies and thrips exceeded the sum of the two fractions' effects, and was similar to that of the original exudate. 27065236 2 31 theme side 415:418 arg1 chains 420:425 fatty acid side chains 404:425 fatty acid side chains (lengths and branching patterns) 404:458 Acylsugars produced by different S. pennellii accessions vary by sugar moieties (glucose or sucrose) and fatty acid side chains (lengths and branching patterns). 27065236 0 32 theme Acylsugars 46:55 arg1 Functionality 29:41 Differential and Synergistic Functionality 0:41 Differential and Synergistic Functionality of Acylsugars in Suppressing Oviposition by Insect Herbivores. 0:104 Differential and Synergistic Functionality of Acylsugars in Suppressing Oviposition by Insect Herbivores. 27065236 2 33 theme fatty 404:408 arg1 chains 420:425 fatty acid side chains 404:425 fatty acid side chains (lengths and branching patterns) 404:458 Acylsugars produced by different S. pennellii accessions vary by sugar moieties (glucose or sucrose) and fatty acid side chains (lengths and branching patterns). 27065236 0 34 theme Differential 0:11 arg1 Functionality 29:41 Differential and Synergistic Functionality 0:41 Differential and Synergistic Functionality of Acylsugars in Suppressing Oviposition by Insect Herbivores. 0:104 Differential and Synergistic Functionality of Acylsugars in Suppressing Oviposition by Insect Herbivores. 27065236 0 35 theme Synergistic 17:27 arg1 Functionality 29:41 Differential and Synergistic Functionality 0:41 Differential and Synergistic Functionality of Acylsugars in Suppressing Oviposition by Insect Herbivores. 0:104 Differential and Synergistic Functionality of Acylsugars in Suppressing Oviposition by Insect Herbivores. 27065236 1 36 theme secondary 121:129 arg1 Acylsugars 106:115 Acylsugars 106:115 Acylsugars 106:115 Acylsugars are secondary metabolites exuded from type IV glandular trichomes that provide broad-spectrum insect suppression for Solanum pennellii Correll, a wild relative of cultivated tomato. 27065236 1 36 theme secondary 121:129 arg1 metabolites 131:141 secondary metabolites 121:141 secondary metabolites exuded from type IV glandular trichomes that provide broad-spectrum insect suppression for Solanum pennellii Correll, a wild relative of cultivated tomato 121:296 Acylsugars are secondary metabolites exuded from type IV glandular trichomes that provide broad-spectrum insect suppression for Solanum pennellii Correll, a wild relative of cultivated tomato. 27065236 8 37 theme pennellii 1597:1605 arg1 accessions 1607:1616 S. pennellii accessions 1594:1616 S. pennellii accessions 1594:1616 Tobacco thrips were sensitive to all compositions while western flower thrips and whiteflies were more sensitive to acylsugars from a subset of S. pennellii accessions. 27065236 3 38 theme Frankliniella 655:667 arg1 oviposition 549:559 oviposition 549:559 oviposition of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Middle East--Asia Minor 1 Group), tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) 549:747 Our objective was to determine which acylsugar compositions more effectively suppressed oviposition of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Middle East--Asia Minor 1 Group), tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). 27065236 6 39 theme acylsugars 1035:1044 arg1 Effects 1024:1030 Effects 1024:1030 Effects of acylsugars on oviposition 1024:1059 Effects of acylsugars on oviposition were evaluated by administering a range of doses to oviposition sites of adult whiteflies and thrips in non-choice and choice bioassays, respectively. 27065236 3 40 theme thrips 647:652 arg1 oviposition 549:559 oviposition 549:559 oviposition of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Middle East--Asia Minor 1 Group), tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) 549:747 Our objective was to determine which acylsugar compositions more effectively suppressed oviposition of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Middle East--Asia Minor 1 Group), tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). 27065236 8 41 theme Tobacco 1450:1456 arg1 thrips 1458:1463 Tobacco thrips 1450:1463 Tobacco thrips 1450:1463 Tobacco thrips were sensitive to all compositions while western flower thrips and whiteflies were more sensitive to acylsugars from a subset of S. pennellii accessions. 27065236 3 42 theme acylsugar 498:506 arg1 compositions 508:519 acylsugar compositions 498:519 acylsugar compositions 498:519 Our objective was to determine which acylsugar compositions more effectively suppressed oviposition of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Middle East--Asia Minor 1 Group), tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). 27065236 7 43 theme differential 1298:1309 arg1 functionality 1311:1323 differential functionality 1298:1323 differential functionality 1298:1323 The acylsugars from S. pennellii accessions and the tomato breeding line demonstrated differential functionality in their ability to alter the distribution of whitefly oviposition and suppress oviposition on acylsugar treated substrates. 27065236 4 44 theme pennellii 805:813 arg1 accessions 815:824 four S. pennellii accessions 797:824 four S. pennellii accessions 797:824 We extracted and characterized acylsugars from four S. pennellii accessions with different compositions, as well as from an acylsugar-producing tomato breeding line. 27065236 2 45 theme sugar 364:368 arg1 moieties 370:377 sugar moieties 364:377 sugar moieties (glucose or sucrose) 364:398 Acylsugars produced by different S. pennellii accessions vary by sugar moieties (glucose or sucrose) and fatty acid side chains (lengths and branching patterns). 27065236 2 45 theme sugar 364:368 arg1 sucrose 391:397 sucrose 391:397 sucrose 391:397 Acylsugars produced by different S. pennellii accessions vary by sugar moieties (glucose or sucrose) and fatty acid side chains (lengths and branching patterns). 27065236 2 45 theme sugar 364:368 arg1 glucose 380:386 glucose 380:386 glucose 380:386 Acylsugars produced by different S. pennellii accessions vary by sugar moieties (glucose or sucrose) and fatty acid side chains (lengths and branching patterns). 27065236 11 46 theme different 2014:2022 arg1 efficacies 2024:2033 different efficacies 2014:2033 different efficacies 2014:2033 These fractions had different efficacies, with neither having activity approaching that of the original exudate. 27065236 13 47 theme synergistic 2399:2409 arg1 interactions 2411:2422 synergistic interactions 2399:2422 synergistic interactions 2399:2422 These results suggest that increasing diversity of components within a mixture may increase suppression through synergistic interactions. 27065236 6 48 theme oviposition 1113:1123 arg1 thrips 1155:1160 thrips 1155:1160 thrips 1155:1160 Effects of acylsugars on oviposition were evaluated by administering a range of doses to oviposition sites of adult whiteflies and thrips in non-choice and choice bioassays, respectively. 27065236 6 48 theme oviposition 1113:1123 arg1 sites 1125:1129 oviposition sites 1113:1129 oviposition sites of adult whiteflies and thrips 1113:1160 Effects of acylsugars on oviposition were evaluated by administering a range of doses to oviposition sites of adult whiteflies and thrips in non-choice and choice bioassays, respectively. 27065236 6 48 theme oviposition 1113:1123 arg1 whiteflies 1140:1149 adult whiteflies 1134:1149 adult whiteflies 1134:1149 Effects of acylsugars on oviposition were evaluated by administering a range of doses to oviposition sites of adult whiteflies and thrips in non-choice and choice bioassays, respectively. 27065236 4 49 theme S. 802:803 arg1 accessions 815:824 four S. pennellii accessions 797:824 four S. pennellii accessions 797:824 We extracted and characterized acylsugars from four S. pennellii accessions with different compositions, as well as from an acylsugar-producing tomato breeding line. 27065236 14 50 theme composition-specific 2467:2486 arg1 deployment 2488:2497 composition-specific deployment 2467:2497 composition-specific deployment of acylsugars 2467:2511 This study demonstrates the potential for composition-specific deployment of acylsugars for herbivore oviposition suppression, either through in planta production by tomato lines, or as biocides applied by a foliar spray. 27065236 1 51 theme wild 263:266 arg1 relative 268:275 a wild relative 261:275 a wild relative of cultivated tomato 261:296 Acylsugars are secondary metabolites exuded from type IV glandular trichomes that provide broad-spectrum insect suppression for Solanum pennellii Correll, a wild relative of cultivated tomato. 27065236 1 51 theme wild 263:266 arg1 Correll 252:258 Solanum pennellii Correll 234:258 Solanum pennellii Correll 234:258 Acylsugars are secondary metabolites exuded from type IV glandular trichomes that provide broad-spectrum insect suppression for Solanum pennellii Correll, a wild relative of cultivated tomato. 27065236 7 52 theme tomato 1264:1269 arg1 line 1280:1283 the tomato breeding line 1260:1283 the tomato breeding line 1260:1283 The acylsugars from S. pennellii accessions and the tomato breeding line demonstrated differential functionality in their ability to alter the distribution of whitefly oviposition and suppress oviposition on acylsugar treated substrates. 27065236 3 53 theme flower 696:701 arg1 thrips 703:708 western flower thrips 688:708 western flower thrips 688:708 Our objective was to determine which acylsugar compositions more effectively suppressed oviposition of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Middle East--Asia Minor 1 Group), tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). 27065236 3 53 theme flower 696:701 arg1 occidentalis 725:736 occidentalis 725:736 occidentalis 725:736 Our objective was to determine which acylsugar compositions more effectively suppressed oviposition of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Middle East--Asia Minor 1 Group), tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). 27065236 7 54 from accessions 1245:1254 arg1 line 1280:1283 the tomato breeding line 1260:1283 the tomato breeding line 1260:1283 The acylsugars from S. pennellii accessions and the tomato breeding line demonstrated differential functionality in their ability to alter the distribution of whitefly oviposition and suppress oviposition on acylsugar treated substrates. 27065236 7 54 from accessions 1245:1254 arg1 acylsugars 1216:1225 The acylsugars 1212:1225 The acylsugars from S. pennellii accessions 1212:1254 The acylsugars from S. pennellii accessions and the tomato breeding line demonstrated differential functionality in their ability to alter the distribution of whitefly oviposition and suppress oviposition on acylsugar treated substrates. 27065236 4 55 theme different 831:839 arg1 compositions 841:852 different compositions 831:852 different compositions 831:852 We extracted and characterized acylsugars from four S. pennellii accessions with different compositions, as well as from an acylsugar-producing tomato breeding line. 27065236 2 56 theme different 322:330 arg1 accessions 345:354 different S. pennellii accessions 322:354 different S. pennellii accessions 322:354 Acylsugars produced by different S. pennellii accessions vary by sugar moieties (glucose or sucrose) and fatty acid side chains (lengths and branching patterns). 27065236 1 57 theme tomato 291:296 arg1 relative 268:275 a wild relative 261:275 a wild relative of cultivated tomato 261:296 Acylsugars are secondary metabolites exuded from type IV glandular trichomes that provide broad-spectrum insect suppression for Solanum pennellii Correll, a wild relative of cultivated tomato. 27065236 1 57 theme tomato 291:296 arg1 Correll 252:258 Solanum pennellii Correll 234:258 Solanum pennellii Correll 234:258 Acylsugars are secondary metabolites exuded from type IV glandular trichomes that provide broad-spectrum insect suppression for Solanum pennellii Correll, a wild relative of cultivated tomato. 27065236 6 58 theme choice 1180:1185 arg1 bioassays 1187:1195 non-choice and choice bioassays 1165:1195 non-choice and choice bioassays 1165:1195 Effects of acylsugars on oviposition were evaluated by administering a range of doses to oviposition sites of adult whiteflies and thrips in non-choice and choice bioassays, respectively. 27065236 6 59 theme non-choice 1165:1174 arg1 bioassays 1187:1195 non-choice and choice bioassays 1165:1195 non-choice and choice bioassays 1165:1195 Effects of acylsugars on oviposition were evaluated by administering a range of doses to oviposition sites of adult whiteflies and thrips in non-choice and choice bioassays, respectively. 27065236 10 60 theme side 1981:1984 arg1 chains 1986:1991 fatty acid side chains 1970:1991 fatty acid side chains 1970:1991 The acylsugars from S. pennellii LA1376 were separated by polarity into two fractions that differed sharply for their sugar moieties and fatty acid side chains. 27065236 1 61 theme insect 211:216 arg1 suppression 218:228 broad-spectrum insect suppression 196:228 broad-spectrum insect suppression 196:228 Acylsugars are secondary metabolites exuded from type IV glandular trichomes that provide broad-spectrum insect suppression for Solanum pennellii Correll, a wild relative of cultivated tomato. 27065236 9 62 theme host 1730:1733 arg1 specialization 1735:1748 host specialization 1730:1748 host specialization 1730:1748 It follows that acylsugars could thus mediate plant-enemy interactions in such a way as to affect evolution of host specialization, resistance specificity, and potentially host differentiation or local adaptation. 27065236 6 63 theme thrips 1155:1160 arg1 thrips 1155:1160 thrips 1155:1160 thrips 1155:1160 Effects of acylsugars on oviposition were evaluated by administering a range of doses to oviposition sites of adult whiteflies and thrips in non-choice and choice bioassays, respectively. 27065236 6 63 theme thrips 1155:1160 arg1 sites 1125:1129 oviposition sites 1113:1129 oviposition sites of adult whiteflies and thrips 1113:1160 Effects of acylsugars on oviposition were evaluated by administering a range of doses to oviposition sites of adult whiteflies and thrips in non-choice and choice bioassays, respectively. 27065236 6 63 theme thrips 1155:1160 arg1 whiteflies 1140:1149 adult whiteflies 1134:1149 adult whiteflies 1134:1149 Effects of acylsugars on oviposition were evaluated by administering a range of doses to oviposition sites of adult whiteflies and thrips in non-choice and choice bioassays, respectively. 27065236 2 64 theme pennellii 335:343 arg1 accessions 345:354 different S. pennellii accessions 322:354 different S. pennellii accessions 322:354 Acylsugars produced by different S. pennellii accessions vary by sugar moieties (glucose or sucrose) and fatty acid side chains (lengths and branching patterns). 27065236 6 65 theme whiteflies 1140:1149 arg1 thrips 1155:1160 thrips 1155:1160 thrips 1155:1160 Effects of acylsugars on oviposition were evaluated by administering a range of doses to oviposition sites of adult whiteflies and thrips in non-choice and choice bioassays, respectively. 27065236 6 65 theme whiteflies 1140:1149 arg1 sites 1125:1129 oviposition sites 1113:1129 oviposition sites of adult whiteflies and thrips 1113:1160 Effects of acylsugars on oviposition were evaluated by administering a range of doses to oviposition sites of adult whiteflies and thrips in non-choice and choice bioassays, respectively. 27065236 6 65 theme whiteflies 1140:1149 arg1 whiteflies 1140:1149 adult whiteflies 1134:1149 adult whiteflies 1134:1149 Effects of acylsugars on oviposition were evaluated by administering a range of doses to oviposition sites of adult whiteflies and thrips in non-choice and choice bioassays, respectively. 27065236 3 66 theme East--Asia 612:621 arg1 Group 631:635 Middle East--Asia Minor 1 Group 605:635 Middle East--Asia Minor 1 Group 605:635 Our objective was to determine which acylsugar compositions more effectively suppressed oviposition of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Middle East--Asia Minor 1 Group), tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). 27065236 3 66 theme East--Asia 612:621 arg1 tabaci 585:590 the whitefly Bemisia tabaci 564:590 the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Middle East--Asia Minor 1 Group) 564:636 Our objective was to determine which acylsugar compositions more effectively suppressed oviposition of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Middle East--Asia Minor 1 Group), tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). 27065236 1 67 theme pennellii 242:250 arg1 relative 268:275 a wild relative 261:275 a wild relative of cultivated tomato 261:296 Acylsugars are secondary metabolites exuded from type IV glandular trichomes that provide broad-spectrum insect suppression for Solanum pennellii Correll, a wild relative of cultivated tomato. 27065236 1 67 theme pennellii 242:250 arg1 Correll 252:258 Solanum pennellii Correll 234:258 Solanum pennellii Correll 234:258 Acylsugars are secondary metabolites exuded from type IV glandular trichomes that provide broad-spectrum insect suppression for Solanum pennellii Correll, a wild relative of cultivated tomato. 27065236 9 68 theme specificity 1762:1772 arg1 evolution 1717:1725 evolution 1717:1725 evolution of host specialization, resistance specificity, and potentially host differentiation or local adaptation 1717:1830 It follows that acylsugars could thus mediate plant-enemy interactions in such a way as to affect evolution of host specialization, resistance specificity, and potentially host differentiation or local adaptation. 27065236 8 69 theme western 1506:1512 arg1 thrips 1521:1526 western flower thrips 1506:1526 western flower thrips 1506:1526 Tobacco thrips were sensitive to all compositions while western flower thrips and whiteflies were more sensitive to acylsugars from a subset of S. pennellii accessions. 27065236 7 70 theme acylsugar 1420:1428 arg1 substrates 1438:1447 acylsugar treated substrates 1420:1447 acylsugar treated substrates 1420:1447 The acylsugars from S. pennellii accessions and the tomato breeding line demonstrated differential functionality in their ability to alter the distribution of whitefly oviposition and suppress oviposition on acylsugar treated substrates. 27065236 10 71 theme pennellii 1856:1864 arg1 LA1376 1866:1871 S. pennellii LA1376 1853:1871 S. pennellii LA1376 1853:1871 The acylsugars from S. pennellii LA1376 were separated by polarity into two fractions that differed sharply for their sugar moieties and fatty acid side chains. 27065236 4 72 theme tomato 894:899 arg1 line 910:913 an acylsugar-producing tomato breeding line 871:913 an acylsugar-producing tomato breeding line 871:913 We extracted and characterized acylsugars from four S. pennellii accessions with different compositions, as well as from an acylsugar-producing tomato breeding line. 27065236 4 73 from line 910:913 arg1 acylsugars 781:790 acylsugars 781:790 acylsugars from four S. pennellii accessions with different compositions, as well as from an acylsugar-producing tomato breeding line 781:913 We extracted and characterized acylsugars from four S. pennellii accessions with different compositions, as well as from an acylsugar-producing tomato breeding line. 27065236 3 74 theme tabaci 585:590 arg1 oviposition 549:559 oviposition 549:559 oviposition of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Middle East--Asia Minor 1 Group), tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) 549:747 Our objective was to determine which acylsugar compositions more effectively suppressed oviposition of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Middle East--Asia Minor 1 Group), tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). 27065236 9 75 theme host 1791:1794 arg1 differentiation 1796:1810 host differentiation 1791:1810 host differentiation 1791:1810 It follows that acylsugars could thus mediate plant-enemy interactions in such a way as to affect evolution of host specialization, resistance specificity, and potentially host differentiation or local adaptation. 27065236 7 76 theme S. 1232:1233 arg1 accessions 1245:1254 S. pennellii accessions 1232:1254 S. pennellii accessions 1232:1254 The acylsugars from S. pennellii accessions and the tomato breeding line demonstrated differential functionality in their ability to alter the distribution of whitefly oviposition and suppress oviposition on acylsugar treated substrates. 27065236 7 77 theme whitefly 1371:1378 arg1 oviposition 1380:1390 whitefly oviposition 1371:1390 whitefly oviposition 1371:1390 The acylsugars from S. pennellii accessions and the tomato breeding line demonstrated differential functionality in their ability to alter the distribution of whitefly oviposition and suppress oviposition on acylsugar treated substrates. 27065236 9 78 dep specialization 1735:1748 arg1 differentiation 1796:1810 host differentiation 1791:1810 host differentiation 1791:1810 It follows that acylsugars could thus mediate plant-enemy interactions in such a way as to affect evolution of host specialization, resistance specificity, and potentially host differentiation or local adaptation. 27065236 9 79 theme adaptation 1821:1830 arg1 evolution 1717:1725 evolution 1717:1725 evolution of host specialization, resistance specificity, and potentially host differentiation or local adaptation 1717:1830 It follows that acylsugars could thus mediate plant-enemy interactions in such a way as to affect evolution of host specialization, resistance specificity, and potentially host differentiation or local adaptation. 27065236 14 80 theme tomato 2591:2596 arg1 lines 2598:2602 tomato lines 2591:2602 tomato lines 2591:2602 This study demonstrates the potential for composition-specific deployment of acylsugars for herbivore oviposition suppression, either through in planta production by tomato lines, or as biocides applied by a foliar spray. 27065236 5 81 theme pennellii 962:970 arg1 accession 972:980 one S. pennellii accession 955:980 one S. pennellii accession 955:980 We also fractionated the acylsugars of one S. pennellii accession to examine the effects of its components. 27065236 11 82 theme original 2089:2096 arg1 exudate 2098:2104 the original exudate 2085:2104 the original exudate 2085:2104 These fractions had different efficacies, with neither having activity approaching that of the original exudate. 27065236 6 83 from Effects 1024:1030 arg1 oviposition 1049:1059 oviposition 1049:1059 oviposition 1049:1059 Effects of acylsugars on oviposition were evaluated by administering a range of doses to oviposition sites of adult whiteflies and thrips in non-choice and choice bioassays, respectively. 27065236 1 84 dep type 155:158 arg1 trichomes 173:181 glandular trichomes 163:181 type IV glandular trichomes that provide broad-spectrum insect suppression for Solanum pennellii Correll, a wild relative of cultivated tomato 155:296 Acylsugars are secondary metabolites exuded from type IV glandular trichomes that provide broad-spectrum insect suppression for Solanum pennellii Correll, a wild relative of cultivated tomato. 27065236 4 85 with acylsugars 781:790 arg1 compositions 841:852 different compositions 831:852 different compositions 831:852 We extracted and characterized acylsugars from four S. pennellii accessions with different compositions, as well as from an acylsugar-producing tomato breeding line. 27065236 13 86 theme components 2338:2347 arg1 diversity 2325:2333 diversity 2325:2333 diversity of components 2325:2347 These results suggest that increasing diversity of components within a mixture may increase suppression through synergistic interactions. 27065236 2 87 theme acid 410:413 arg1 chains 420:425 fatty acid side chains 404:425 fatty acid side chains (lengths and branching patterns) 404:458 Acylsugars produced by different S. pennellii accessions vary by sugar moieties (glucose or sucrose) and fatty acid side chains (lengths and branching patterns). 27065236 10 88 from LA1376 1866:1871 arg1 acylsugars 1837:1846 The acylsugars 1833:1846 The acylsugars from S. pennellii LA1376 1833:1871 The acylsugars from S. pennellii LA1376 were separated by polarity into two fractions that differed sharply for their sugar moieties and fatty acid side chains. 27065236 8 89 theme S. 1594:1595 arg1 accessions 1607:1616 S. pennellii accessions 1594:1616 S. pennellii accessions 1594:1616 Tobacco thrips were sensitive to all compositions while western flower thrips and whiteflies were more sensitive to acylsugars from a subset of S. pennellii accessions. 27065236 12 90 from effect 2153:2158 arg1 thrips 2183:2188 thrips 2183:2188 thrips 2183:2188 When these two fractions were recombined, the effect on both whiteflies and thrips exceeded the sum of the two fractions' effects, and was similar to that of the original exudate. 27065236 12 90 from effect 2153:2158 arg1 whiteflies 2168:2177 whiteflies 2168:2177 whiteflies 2168:2177 When these two fractions were recombined, the effect on both whiteflies and thrips exceeded the sum of the two fractions' effects, and was similar to that of the original exudate. 27065236 7 91 from oviposition 1405:1415 arg1 substrates 1438:1447 acylsugar treated substrates 1420:1447 acylsugar treated substrates 1420:1447 The acylsugars from S. pennellii accessions and the tomato breeding line demonstrated differential functionality in their ability to alter the distribution of whitefly oviposition and suppress oviposition on acylsugar treated substrates. 27065236 2 92 theme branching 440:448 arg1 patterns 450:457 branching patterns 440:457 branching patterns 440:457 Acylsugars produced by different S. pennellii accessions vary by sugar moieties (glucose or sucrose) and fatty acid side chains (lengths and branching patterns). 27065236 8 93 theme accessions 1607:1616 arg1 subset 1584:1589 a subset 1582:1589 a subset of S. pennellii accessions 1582:1616 Tobacco thrips were sensitive to all compositions while western flower thrips and whiteflies were more sensitive to acylsugars from a subset of S. pennellii accessions. 27065236 2 94 dep moieties 370:377 arg1 moieties 370:377 sugar moieties 364:377 sugar moieties (glucose or sucrose) 364:398 Acylsugars produced by different S. pennellii accessions vary by sugar moieties (glucose or sucrose) and fatty acid side chains (lengths and branching patterns). 27065236 2 94 dep moieties 370:377 arg1 sucrose 391:397 sucrose 391:397 sucrose 391:397 Acylsugars produced by different S. pennellii accessions vary by sugar moieties (glucose or sucrose) and fatty acid side chains (lengths and branching patterns). 27065236 2 94 dep moieties 370:377 arg1 glucose 380:386 glucose 380:386 glucose 380:386 Acylsugars produced by different S. pennellii accessions vary by sugar moieties (glucose or sucrose) and fatty acid side chains (lengths and branching patterns). 27065236 8 95 from subset 1584:1589 arg1 acylsugars 1566:1575 acylsugars 1566:1575 acylsugars from a subset of S. pennellii accessions 1566:1616 Tobacco thrips were sensitive to all compositions while western flower thrips and whiteflies were more sensitive to acylsugars from a subset of S. pennellii accessions. 27065236 5 96 theme components 1012:1021 arg1 effects 997:1003 the effects 993:1003 the effects of its components 993:1021 We also fractionated the acylsugars of one S. pennellii accession to examine the effects of its components. 27065236 3 97 theme tobacco 639:645 arg1 thrips 647:652 tobacco thrips 639:652 tobacco thrips 639:652 Our objective was to determine which acylsugar compositions more effectively suppressed oviposition of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Middle East--Asia Minor 1 Group), tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). 27065236 2 98 dep chains 420:425 arg1 lengths 428:434 lengths 428:434 lengths 428:434 Acylsugars produced by different S. pennellii accessions vary by sugar moieties (glucose or sucrose) and fatty acid side chains (lengths and branching patterns). 27065236 2 98 dep chains 420:425 arg1 patterns 450:457 branching patterns 440:457 branching patterns 440:457 Acylsugars produced by different S. pennellii accessions vary by sugar moieties (glucose or sucrose) and fatty acid side chains (lengths and branching patterns). 27065236 14 99 theme herbivore 2517:2525 arg1 suppression 2539:2549 herbivore oviposition suppression 2517:2549 herbivore oviposition suppression 2517:2549 This study demonstrates the potential for composition-specific deployment of acylsugars for herbivore oviposition suppression, either through in planta production by tomato lines, or as biocides applied by a foliar spray. 27065236 6 100 theme adult 1134:1138 arg1 whiteflies 1140:1149 adult whiteflies 1134:1149 adult whiteflies 1134:1149 Effects of acylsugars on oviposition were evaluated by administering a range of doses to oviposition sites of adult whiteflies and thrips in non-choice and choice bioassays, respectively. 27065236 10 101 theme acid 1976:1979 arg1 chains 1986:1991 fatty acid side chains 1970:1991 fatty acid side chains 1970:1991 The acylsugars from S. pennellii LA1376 were separated by polarity into two fractions that differed sharply for their sugar moieties and fatty acid side chains. 27065236 10 102 theme sugar 1951:1955 arg1 moieties 1957:1964 their sugar moieties 1945:1964 their sugar moieties 1945:1964 The acylsugars from S. pennellii LA1376 were separated by polarity into two fractions that differed sharply for their sugar moieties and fatty acid side chains. 27065236 12 103 theme effects 2229:2235 arg1 sum 2203:2205 the sum 2199:2205 the sum of the two fractions' effects 2199:2235 When these two fractions were recombined, the effect on both whiteflies and thrips exceeded the sum of the two fractions' effects, and was similar to that of the original exudate. 27065236 14 104 theme acylsugars 2502:2511 arg1 deployment 2488:2497 composition-specific deployment 2467:2497 composition-specific deployment of acylsugars 2467:2511 This study demonstrates the potential for composition-specific deployment of acylsugars for herbivore oviposition suppression, either through in planta production by tomato lines, or as biocides applied by a foliar spray. 27065236 9 105 theme plant-enemy 1665:1675 arg1 interactions 1677:1688 plant-enemy interactions 1665:1688 plant-enemy interactions 1665:1688 It follows that acylsugars could thus mediate plant-enemy interactions in such a way as to affect evolution of host specialization, resistance specificity, and potentially host differentiation or local adaptation. 27065236 7 106 theme breeding 1271:1278 arg1 line 1280:1283 the tomato breeding line 1260:1283 the tomato breeding line 1260:1283 The acylsugars from S. pennellii accessions and the tomato breeding line demonstrated differential functionality in their ability to alter the distribution of whitefly oviposition and suppress oviposition on acylsugar treated substrates. 27065236 6 107 theme doses 1104:1108 arg1 range 1095:1099 a range 1093:1099 a range of doses to oviposition sites of adult whiteflies and thrips 1093:1160 Effects of acylsugars on oviposition were evaluated by administering a range of doses to oviposition sites of adult whiteflies and thrips in non-choice and choice bioassays, respectively. 27065236 3 108 theme western 688:694 arg1 thrips 703:708 western flower thrips 688:708 western flower thrips 688:708 Our objective was to determine which acylsugar compositions more effectively suppressed oviposition of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Middle East--Asia Minor 1 Group), tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). 27065236 3 108 theme western 688:694 arg1 occidentalis 725:736 occidentalis 725:736 occidentalis 725:736 Our objective was to determine which acylsugar compositions more effectively suppressed oviposition of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Middle East--Asia Minor 1 Group), tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). 27065236 3 109 dep Frankliniella 655:667 arg1 fusca 669:673 Frankliniella fusca 655:673 Frankliniella fusca (Hinds) 655:681 Our objective was to determine which acylsugar compositions more effectively suppressed oviposition of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Middle East--Asia Minor 1 Group), tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). 24528754 6 0 dep significant 1222:1232 arg1 p>0.05 1235:1240 p>0.05 1235:1240 p>0.05 1235:1240 Water vapor barrier properties and surface hydrophobicity of the agar/AgNPs films increased slightly with the increase in AgNPs content but they were not statistically significant (p>0.05), while mechanical strength and stiffness of the composite films decreased slightly (p<0.05). 24528754 7 1 theme antimicrobial 1379:1391 arg1 activity 1393:1400 distinctive antimicrobial activity 1367:1400 distinctive antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive (Listeria monocytogenes) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli O157:H7) bacterial pathogens 1367:1517 The agar/AgNPs films exhibited distinctive antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive (Listeria monocytogenes) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli O157:H7) bacterial pathogens. 24528754 3 2 theme AgNPs 549:553 arg1 effect 535:540 the characteristic plasmonic effect 506:540 the characteristic plasmonic effect of the AgNPs 506:553 The surface color of the resulting agar/AgNPs films exhibited the characteristic plasmonic effect of the AgNPs with the maximum absorption peaks of 400-407 nm. 24528754 1 3 theme solvent 248:254 arg1 method 264:269 solvent casting method 248:269 solvent casting method 248:269 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared by a laser ablation method and composite films with the AgNPs and agar were prepared by solvent casting method. 24528754 1 4 theme laser 165:169 arg1 method 180:185 a laser ablation method 163:185 a laser ablation method 163:185 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared by a laser ablation method and composite films with the AgNPs and agar were prepared by solvent casting method. 24528754 7 5 theme agar/AgNPs 1340:1349 arg1 films 1351:1355 The agar/AgNPs films 1336:1355 The agar/AgNPs films 1336:1355 The agar/AgNPs films exhibited distinctive antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive (Listeria monocytogenes) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli O157:H7) bacterial pathogens. 24528754 4 6 theme AgNPs 671:675 arg1 crystals 677:684 characteristic AgNPs crystals 656:684 characteristic AgNPs crystals 656:684 X-ray diffraction (XRD) test results also exhibited characteristic AgNPs crystals with diffraction peaks observed at 2θ values of 38.39°, 44.49°, and 64.45°, which were corresponding to (111), (200), and (220) crystallographic planes of face-centered cubic (fcc) silver crystals, respectively. 24528754 3 7 theme absorption 572:581 arg1 peaks 583:587 the maximum absorption peaks 560:587 the maximum absorption peaks of 400-407 nm 560:601 The surface color of the resulting agar/AgNPs films exhibited the characteristic plasmonic effect of the AgNPs with the maximum absorption peaks of 400-407 nm. 24528754 2 8 theme absorbance 279:288 arg1 test 290:293 UV-vis absorbance test 272:293 UV-vis absorbance test 272:293 UV-vis absorbance test and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis results revealed that non-agglomerated spherical AgNPs were formed by the laser ablation method. 24528754 1 9 theme composite 191:199 arg1 films 201:205 composite films 191:205 composite films with the AgNPs and agar 191:229 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared by a laser ablation method and composite films with the AgNPs and agar were prepared by solvent casting method. 24528754 3 10 theme nm 600:601 arg1 peaks 583:587 the maximum absorption peaks 560:587 the maximum absorption peaks of 400-407 nm 560:601 The surface color of the resulting agar/AgNPs films exhibited the characteristic plasmonic effect of the AgNPs with the maximum absorption peaks of 400-407 nm. 24528754 1 11 dep AgNPs 216:220 arg1 the 212:214 the 212:214 the 212:214 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared by a laser ablation method and composite films with the AgNPs and agar were prepared by solvent casting method. 24528754 4 12 theme face-centered 841:853 arg1 crystals 874:881 face-centered cubic (fcc) silver crystals 841:881 face-centered cubic (fcc) silver crystals 841:881 X-ray diffraction (XRD) test results also exhibited characteristic AgNPs crystals with diffraction peaks observed at 2θ values of 38.39°, 44.49°, and 64.45°, which were corresponding to (111), (200), and (220) crystallographic planes of face-centered cubic (fcc) silver crystals, respectively. 24528754 6 13 from increase 1164:1171 arg1 content 1182:1188 AgNPs content 1176:1188 AgNPs content 1176:1188 Water vapor barrier properties and surface hydrophobicity of the agar/AgNPs films increased slightly with the increase in AgNPs content but they were not statistically significant (p>0.05), while mechanical strength and stiffness of the composite films decreased slightly (p<0.05). 24528754 5 14 theme composite 987:995 arg1 films 997:1001 the agar/AgNPs composite films 972:1001 the agar/AgNPs composite films 972:1001 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed that thermal stability of the agar/AgNPs composite films was increased by the inclusion of metallic silver. 24528754 6 15 theme films 1130:1134 arg1 hydrophobicity 1097:1110 surface hydrophobicity 1089:1110 surface hydrophobicity 1089:1110 Water vapor barrier properties and surface hydrophobicity of the agar/AgNPs films increased slightly with the increase in AgNPs content but they were not statistically significant (p>0.05), while mechanical strength and stiffness of the composite films decreased slightly (p<0.05). 24528754 6 15 theme films 1130:1134 arg1 vapor 1060:1064 Water vapor barrier properties and surface hydrophobicity 1054:1110 vapor 1060:1064 Water vapor barrier properties and surface hydrophobicity of the agar/AgNPs films increased slightly with the increase in AgNPs content but they were not statistically significant (p>0.05), while mechanical strength and stiffness of the composite films decreased slightly (p<0.05). 24528754 0 16 theme nanoparticles 79:91 arg1 films 54:58 bio-nanocomposite films 36:58 bio-nanocomposite films of agar and silver nanoparticles 36:91 Preparation and characterization of bio-nanocomposite films of agar and silver nanoparticles: laser ablation method. 24528754 4 17 theme crystals 874:881 arg1 111 791:793 111 791:793 111 791:793 X-ray diffraction (XRD) test results also exhibited characteristic AgNPs crystals with diffraction peaks observed at 2θ values of 38.39°, 44.49°, and 64.45°, which were corresponding to (111), (200), and (220) crystallographic planes of face-centered cubic (fcc) silver crystals, respectively. 24528754 4 17 theme crystals 874:881 arg1 crystals 874:881 face-centered cubic (fcc) silver crystals 841:881 face-centered cubic (fcc) silver crystals 841:881 X-ray diffraction (XRD) test results also exhibited characteristic AgNPs crystals with diffraction peaks observed at 2θ values of 38.39°, 44.49°, and 64.45°, which were corresponding to (111), (200), and (220) crystallographic planes of face-centered cubic (fcc) silver crystals, respectively. 24528754 6 18 theme films 1301:1305 arg1 stiffness 1274:1282 stiffness 1274:1282 stiffness 1274:1282 Water vapor barrier properties and surface hydrophobicity of the agar/AgNPs films increased slightly with the increase in AgNPs content but they were not statistically significant (p>0.05), while mechanical strength and stiffness of the composite films decreased slightly (p<0.05). 24528754 6 18 theme films 1301:1305 arg1 strength 1261:1268 mechanical strength 1250:1268 mechanical strength 1250:1268 Water vapor barrier properties and surface hydrophobicity of the agar/AgNPs films increased slightly with the increase in AgNPs content but they were not statistically significant (p>0.05), while mechanical strength and stiffness of the composite films decreased slightly (p<0.05). 24528754 5 19 theme Thermogravimetric 898:914 arg1 results 931:937 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results 898:937 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results 898:937 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed that thermal stability of the agar/AgNPs composite films was increased by the inclusion of metallic silver. 24528754 5 20 theme metallic 1037:1044 arg1 silver 1046:1051 metallic silver 1037:1051 metallic silver 1037:1051 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed that thermal stability of the agar/AgNPs composite films was increased by the inclusion of metallic silver. 24528754 4 21 theme 38.39° 734:739 arg1 values 724:729 2θ values 721:729 2θ values 721:729 X-ray diffraction (XRD) test results also exhibited characteristic AgNPs crystals with diffraction peaks observed at 2θ values of 38.39°, 44.49°, and 64.45°, which were corresponding to (111), (200), and (220) crystallographic planes of face-centered cubic (fcc) silver crystals, respectively. 24528754 2 22 theme non-agglomerated 369:384 arg1 AgNPs 396:400 non-agglomerated spherical AgNPs 369:400 non-agglomerated spherical AgNPs 369:400 UV-vis absorbance test and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis results revealed that non-agglomerated spherical AgNPs were formed by the laser ablation method. 24528754 1 23 theme casting 256:262 arg1 method 264:269 solvent casting method 248:269 solvent casting method 248:269 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared by a laser ablation method and composite films with the AgNPs and agar were prepared by solvent casting method. 24528754 2 24 theme ablation 427:434 arg1 method 436:441 the laser ablation method 417:441 the laser ablation method 417:441 UV-vis absorbance test and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis results revealed that non-agglomerated spherical AgNPs were formed by the laser ablation method. 24528754 4 25 theme 44.49° 742:747 arg1 values 724:729 2θ values 721:729 2θ values 721:729 X-ray diffraction (XRD) test results also exhibited characteristic AgNPs crystals with diffraction peaks observed at 2θ values of 38.39°, 44.49°, and 64.45°, which were corresponding to (111), (200), and (220) crystallographic planes of face-centered cubic (fcc) silver crystals, respectively. 24528754 0 26 theme bio-nanocomposite 36:52 arg1 films 54:58 bio-nanocomposite films 36:58 bio-nanocomposite films of agar and silver nanoparticles 36:91 Preparation and characterization of bio-nanocomposite films of agar and silver nanoparticles: laser ablation method. 24528754 5 27 theme thermal 951:957 arg1 stability 959:967 thermal stability 951:967 thermal stability of the agar/AgNPs composite films 951:1001 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed that thermal stability of the agar/AgNPs composite films was increased by the inclusion of metallic silver. 24528754 3 28 theme agar/AgNPs 479:488 arg1 films 490:494 the resulting agar/AgNPs films 465:494 the resulting agar/AgNPs films 465:494 The surface color of the resulting agar/AgNPs films exhibited the characteristic plasmonic effect of the AgNPs with the maximum absorption peaks of 400-407 nm. 24528754 7 29 dep Gram-positive 1415:1427 arg1 monocytogenes 1439:1451 Listeria monocytogenes 1430:1451 Listeria monocytogenes 1430:1451 The agar/AgNPs films exhibited distinctive antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive (Listeria monocytogenes) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli O157:H7) bacterial pathogens. 24528754 7 30 theme Escherichia 1473:1483 arg1 O157 1490:1493 Escherichia coli O157 1473:1493 Escherichia coli O157:H7 1473:1496 The agar/AgNPs films exhibited distinctive antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive (Listeria monocytogenes) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli O157:H7) bacterial pathogens. 24528754 2 31 theme microscopy 321:330 arg1 analysis 338:345 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis 299:345 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis 299:345 UV-vis absorbance test and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis results revealed that non-agglomerated spherical AgNPs were formed by the laser ablation method. 24528754 7 32 dep O157 1490:1493 arg1 H7 1495:1496 H7 1495:1496 Escherichia coli O157:H7 1473:1496 The agar/AgNPs films exhibited distinctive antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive (Listeria monocytogenes) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli O157:H7) bacterial pathogens. 24528754 7 33 theme Gram-negative 1458:1470 arg1 pathogens 1509:1517 both Gram-positive (Listeria monocytogenes) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli O157:H7) bacterial pathogens 1410:1517 both Gram-positive (Listeria monocytogenes) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli O157:H7) bacterial pathogens 1410:1517 The agar/AgNPs films exhibited distinctive antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive (Listeria monocytogenes) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli O157:H7) bacterial pathogens. 24528754 3 34 theme characteristic 510:523 arg1 effect 535:540 the characteristic plasmonic effect 506:540 the characteristic plasmonic effect of the AgNPs 506:553 The surface color of the resulting agar/AgNPs films exhibited the characteristic plasmonic effect of the AgNPs with the maximum absorption peaks of 400-407 nm. 24528754 0 35 dep Preparation 0:10 arg1 method 109:114 laser ablation method 94:114 Preparation and characterization of bio-nanocomposite films of agar and silver nanoparticles: laser ablation method. 0:115 Preparation and characterization of bio-nanocomposite films of agar and silver nanoparticles: laser ablation method. 24528754 4 36 theme diffraction 610:620 arg1 results 633:639 X-ray diffraction (XRD) test results 604:639 X-ray diffraction (XRD) test results 604:639 X-ray diffraction (XRD) test results also exhibited characteristic AgNPs crystals with diffraction peaks observed at 2θ values of 38.39°, 44.49°, and 64.45°, which were corresponding to (111), (200), and (220) crystallographic planes of face-centered cubic (fcc) silver crystals, respectively. 24528754 2 37 theme analysis 338:345 arg1 results 347:353 UV-vis absorbance test and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis results 272:353 UV-vis absorbance test and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis results 272:353 UV-vis absorbance test and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis results revealed that non-agglomerated spherical AgNPs were formed by the laser ablation method. 24528754 7 38 dep Gram-negative 1458:1470 arg1 O157 1490:1493 Escherichia coli O157 1473:1493 Escherichia coli O157:H7 1473:1496 The agar/AgNPs films exhibited distinctive antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive (Listeria monocytogenes) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli O157:H7) bacterial pathogens. 24528754 7 39 theme Listeria 1430:1437 arg1 monocytogenes 1439:1451 Listeria monocytogenes 1430:1451 Listeria monocytogenes 1430:1451 The agar/AgNPs films exhibited distinctive antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive (Listeria monocytogenes) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli O157:H7) bacterial pathogens. 24528754 2 40 theme UV-vis 272:277 arg1 test 290:293 UV-vis absorbance test 272:293 UV-vis absorbance test 272:293 UV-vis absorbance test and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis results revealed that non-agglomerated spherical AgNPs were formed by the laser ablation method. 24528754 7 41 dep Escherichia 1473:1483 arg1 coli 1485:1488 coli 1485:1488 coli 1485:1488 The agar/AgNPs films exhibited distinctive antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive (Listeria monocytogenes) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli O157:H7) bacterial pathogens. 24528754 3 42 theme maximum 564:570 arg1 peaks 583:587 the maximum absorption peaks 560:587 the maximum absorption peaks of 400-407 nm 560:601 The surface color of the resulting agar/AgNPs films exhibited the characteristic plasmonic effect of the AgNPs with the maximum absorption peaks of 400-407 nm. 24528754 7 43 theme Gram-positive 1415:1427 arg1 pathogens 1509:1517 both Gram-positive (Listeria monocytogenes) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli O157:H7) bacterial pathogens 1410:1517 both Gram-positive (Listeria monocytogenes) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli O157:H7) bacterial pathogens 1410:1517 The agar/AgNPs films exhibited distinctive antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive (Listeria monocytogenes) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli O157:H7) bacterial pathogens. 24528754 6 44 theme agar/AgNPs 1119:1128 arg1 films 1130:1134 the agar/AgNPs films 1115:1134 the agar/AgNPs films 1115:1134 Water vapor barrier properties and surface hydrophobicity of the agar/AgNPs films increased slightly with the increase in AgNPs content but they were not statistically significant (p>0.05), while mechanical strength and stiffness of the composite films decreased slightly (p<0.05). 24528754 7 45 theme distinctive 1367:1377 arg1 activity 1393:1400 distinctive antimicrobial activity 1367:1400 distinctive antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive (Listeria monocytogenes) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli O157:H7) bacterial pathogens 1367:1517 The agar/AgNPs films exhibited distinctive antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive (Listeria monocytogenes) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli O157:H7) bacterial pathogens. 24528754 2 46 theme transmission 299:310 arg1 TEM 333:335 TEM 333:335 TEM 333:335 UV-vis absorbance test and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis results revealed that non-agglomerated spherical AgNPs were formed by the laser ablation method. 24528754 2 46 theme transmission 299:310 arg1 microscopy 321:330 transmission electron microscopy 299:330 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis 299:345 UV-vis absorbance test and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis results revealed that non-agglomerated spherical AgNPs were formed by the laser ablation method. 24528754 1 47 theme ablation 171:178 arg1 method 180:185 a laser ablation method 163:185 a laser ablation method 163:185 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared by a laser ablation method and composite films with the AgNPs and agar were prepared by solvent casting method. 24528754 6 48 theme surface 1089:1095 arg1 hydrophobicity 1097:1110 surface hydrophobicity 1089:1110 surface hydrophobicity 1089:1110 Water vapor barrier properties and surface hydrophobicity of the agar/AgNPs films increased slightly with the increase in AgNPs content but they were not statistically significant (p>0.05), while mechanical strength and stiffness of the composite films decreased slightly (p<0.05). 24528754 4 49 theme characteristic 656:669 arg1 crystals 677:684 characteristic AgNPs crystals 656:684 characteristic AgNPs crystals 656:684 X-ray diffraction (XRD) test results also exhibited characteristic AgNPs crystals with diffraction peaks observed at 2θ values of 38.39°, 44.49°, and 64.45°, which were corresponding to (111), (200), and (220) crystallographic planes of face-centered cubic (fcc) silver crystals, respectively. 24528754 2 50 theme test 290:293 arg1 results 347:353 UV-vis absorbance test and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis results 272:353 UV-vis absorbance test and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis results 272:353 UV-vis absorbance test and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis results revealed that non-agglomerated spherical AgNPs were formed by the laser ablation method. 24528754 4 51 theme cubic 855:859 arg1 crystals 874:881 face-centered cubic (fcc) silver crystals 841:881 face-centered cubic (fcc) silver crystals 841:881 X-ray diffraction (XRD) test results also exhibited characteristic AgNPs crystals with diffraction peaks observed at 2θ values of 38.39°, 44.49°, and 64.45°, which were corresponding to (111), (200), and (220) crystallographic planes of face-centered cubic (fcc) silver crystals, respectively. 24528754 4 52 theme fcc 862:864 arg1 crystals 874:881 face-centered cubic (fcc) silver crystals 841:881 face-centered cubic (fcc) silver crystals 841:881 X-ray diffraction (XRD) test results also exhibited characteristic AgNPs crystals with diffraction peaks observed at 2θ values of 38.39°, 44.49°, and 64.45°, which were corresponding to (111), (200), and (220) crystallographic planes of face-centered cubic (fcc) silver crystals, respectively. 24528754 6 53 theme AgNPs 1176:1180 arg1 content 1182:1188 AgNPs content 1176:1188 AgNPs content 1176:1188 Water vapor barrier properties and surface hydrophobicity of the agar/AgNPs films increased slightly with the increase in AgNPs content but they were not statistically significant (p>0.05), while mechanical strength and stiffness of the composite films decreased slightly (p<0.05). 24528754 4 54 theme test 628:631 arg1 results 633:639 X-ray diffraction (XRD) test results 604:639 X-ray diffraction (XRD) test results 604:639 X-ray diffraction (XRD) test results also exhibited characteristic AgNPs crystals with diffraction peaks observed at 2θ values of 38.39°, 44.49°, and 64.45°, which were corresponding to (111), (200), and (220) crystallographic planes of face-centered cubic (fcc) silver crystals, respectively. 24528754 6 55 theme mechanical 1250:1259 arg1 strength 1261:1268 mechanical strength 1250:1268 mechanical strength 1250:1268 Water vapor barrier properties and surface hydrophobicity of the agar/AgNPs films increased slightly with the increase in AgNPs content but they were not statistically significant (p>0.05), while mechanical strength and stiffness of the composite films decreased slightly (p<0.05). 24528754 1 56 theme Silver 117:122 arg1 AgNPs 139:143 AgNPs 139:143 AgNPs 139:143 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared by a laser ablation method and composite films with the AgNPs and agar were prepared by solvent casting method. 24528754 1 56 theme Silver 117:122 arg1 nanoparticles 124:136 Silver nanoparticles 117:136 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) 117:144 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared by a laser ablation method and composite films with the AgNPs and agar were prepared by solvent casting method. 24528754 4 57 theme crystallographic 814:829 arg1 planes 831:836 (220) crystallographic planes 808:836 (220) crystallographic planes 808:836 X-ray diffraction (XRD) test results also exhibited characteristic AgNPs crystals with diffraction peaks observed at 2θ values of 38.39°, 44.49°, and 64.45°, which were corresponding to (111), (200), and (220) crystallographic planes of face-centered cubic (fcc) silver crystals, respectively. 24528754 4 58 theme 2θ 721:722 arg1 values 724:729 2θ values 721:729 2θ values 721:729 X-ray diffraction (XRD) test results also exhibited characteristic AgNPs crystals with diffraction peaks observed at 2θ values of 38.39°, 44.49°, and 64.45°, which were corresponding to (111), (200), and (220) crystallographic planes of face-centered cubic (fcc) silver crystals, respectively. 24528754 0 59 theme silver 72:77 arg1 nanoparticles 79:91 agar and silver nanoparticles 63:91 agar and silver nanoparticles 63:91 Preparation and characterization of bio-nanocomposite films of agar and silver nanoparticles: laser ablation method. 24528754 5 60 theme films 997:1001 arg1 stability 959:967 thermal stability 951:967 thermal stability of the agar/AgNPs composite films 951:1001 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed that thermal stability of the agar/AgNPs composite films was increased by the inclusion of metallic silver. 24528754 4 61 located observed 709:716 arg2 peaks 703:707 diffraction peaks 691:707 diffraction peaks observed at 2θ values of 38.39°, 44.49°, and 64.45°, which were corresponding to (111), (200), and (220) crystallographic planes of face-centered cubic (fcc) silver crystals, respectively 691:895 X-ray diffraction (XRD) test results also exhibited characteristic AgNPs crystals with diffraction peaks observed at 2θ values of 38.39°, 44.49°, and 64.45°, which were corresponding to (111), (200), and (220) crystallographic planes of face-centered cubic (fcc) silver crystals, respectively. 24528754 4 61 located observed 709:716 arg1 values 724:729 2θ values 721:729 2θ values 721:729 X-ray diffraction (XRD) test results also exhibited characteristic AgNPs crystals with diffraction peaks observed at 2θ values of 38.39°, 44.49°, and 64.45°, which were corresponding to (111), (200), and (220) crystallographic planes of face-centered cubic (fcc) silver crystals, respectively. 24528754 0 62 theme laser 94:98 arg1 method 109:114 laser ablation method 94:114 Preparation and characterization of bio-nanocomposite films of agar and silver nanoparticles: laser ablation method. 0:115 Preparation and characterization of bio-nanocomposite films of agar and silver nanoparticles: laser ablation method. 24528754 4 63 theme diffraction 691:701 arg1 peaks 703:707 diffraction peaks 691:707 diffraction peaks observed at 2θ values of 38.39°, 44.49°, and 64.45°, which were corresponding to (111), (200), and (220) crystallographic planes of face-centered cubic (fcc) silver crystals, respectively 691:895 X-ray diffraction (XRD) test results also exhibited characteristic AgNPs crystals with diffraction peaks observed at 2θ values of 38.39°, 44.49°, and 64.45°, which were corresponding to (111), (200), and (220) crystallographic planes of face-centered cubic (fcc) silver crystals, respectively. 24528754 0 64 theme ablation 100:107 arg1 method 109:114 laser ablation method 94:114 Preparation and characterization of bio-nanocomposite films of agar and silver nanoparticles: laser ablation method. 0:115 Preparation and characterization of bio-nanocomposite films of agar and silver nanoparticles: laser ablation method. 24528754 6 65 dep decreased 1307:1315 arg1 p<0.05 1327:1332 p<0.05 1327:1332 p<0.05 1327:1332 Water vapor barrier properties and surface hydrophobicity of the agar/AgNPs films increased slightly with the increase in AgNPs content but they were not statistically significant (p>0.05), while mechanical strength and stiffness of the composite films decreased slightly (p<0.05). 24528754 7 66 theme bacterial 1499:1507 arg1 pathogens 1509:1517 both Gram-positive (Listeria monocytogenes) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli O157:H7) bacterial pathogens 1410:1517 both Gram-positive (Listeria monocytogenes) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli O157:H7) bacterial pathogens 1410:1517 The agar/AgNPs films exhibited distinctive antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive (Listeria monocytogenes) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli O157:H7) bacterial pathogens. 24528754 4 67 theme silver 867:872 arg1 crystals 874:881 face-centered cubic (fcc) silver crystals 841:881 face-centered cubic (fcc) silver crystals 841:881 X-ray diffraction (XRD) test results also exhibited characteristic AgNPs crystals with diffraction peaks observed at 2θ values of 38.39°, 44.49°, and 64.45°, which were corresponding to (111), (200), and (220) crystallographic planes of face-centered cubic (fcc) silver crystals, respectively. 24528754 2 68 theme electron 312:319 arg1 TEM 333:335 TEM 333:335 TEM 333:335 UV-vis absorbance test and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis results revealed that non-agglomerated spherical AgNPs were formed by the laser ablation method. 24528754 2 68 theme electron 312:319 arg1 microscopy 321:330 transmission electron microscopy 299:330 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis 299:345 UV-vis absorbance test and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis results revealed that non-agglomerated spherical AgNPs were formed by the laser ablation method. 24528754 6 69 theme composite 1291:1299 arg1 films 1301:1305 the composite films 1287:1305 the composite films 1287:1305 Water vapor barrier properties and surface hydrophobicity of the agar/AgNPs films increased slightly with the increase in AgNPs content but they were not statistically significant (p>0.05), while mechanical strength and stiffness of the composite films decreased slightly (p<0.05). 24528754 5 70 theme analysis 916:923 arg1 results 931:937 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results 898:937 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results 898:937 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed that thermal stability of the agar/AgNPs composite films was increased by the inclusion of metallic silver. 24528754 4 71 theme 64.45° 754:759 arg1 values 724:729 2θ values 721:729 2θ values 721:729 X-ray diffraction (XRD) test results also exhibited characteristic AgNPs crystals with diffraction peaks observed at 2θ values of 38.39°, 44.49°, and 64.45°, which were corresponding to (111), (200), and (220) crystallographic planes of face-centered cubic (fcc) silver crystals, respectively. 24528754 2 72 theme spherical 386:394 arg1 AgNPs 396:400 non-agglomerated spherical AgNPs 369:400 non-agglomerated spherical AgNPs 369:400 UV-vis absorbance test and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis results revealed that non-agglomerated spherical AgNPs were formed by the laser ablation method. 24528754 5 73 theme silver 1046:1051 arg1 inclusion 1024:1032 the inclusion 1020:1032 the inclusion of metallic silver 1020:1051 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed that thermal stability of the agar/AgNPs composite films was increased by the inclusion of metallic silver. 24528754 1 74 with films 201:205 arg1 agar 226:229 agar 226:229 agar 226:229 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared by a laser ablation method and composite films with the AgNPs and agar were prepared by solvent casting method. 24528754 1 74 with films 201:205 arg1 AgNPs 216:220 AgNPs 216:220 AgNPs 216:220 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared by a laser ablation method and composite films with the AgNPs and agar were prepared by solvent casting method. 24528754 2 75 theme laser 421:425 arg1 method 436:441 the laser ablation method 417:441 the laser ablation method 417:441 UV-vis absorbance test and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis results revealed that non-agglomerated spherical AgNPs were formed by the laser ablation method. 24528754 0 76 theme films 54:58 arg1 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 Preparation and characterization of bio-nanocomposite films of agar and silver nanoparticles: laser ablation method. 24528754 0 76 theme films 54:58 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and characterization of bio-nanocomposite films of agar and silver nanoparticles: laser ablation method. 24528754 3 77 theme surface 448:454 arg1 color 456:460 The surface color 444:460 The surface color of the resulting agar/AgNPs films 444:494 The surface color of the resulting agar/AgNPs films exhibited the characteristic plasmonic effect of the AgNPs with the maximum absorption peaks of 400-407 nm. 24528754 0 78 theme agar 63:66 arg1 nanoparticles 79:91 agar and silver nanoparticles 63:91 agar and silver nanoparticles 63:91 Preparation and characterization of bio-nanocomposite films of agar and silver nanoparticles: laser ablation method. 24528754 6 79 theme barrier 1066:1072 arg1 properties 1074:1083 barrier properties 1066:1083 barrier properties 1066:1083 Water vapor barrier properties and surface hydrophobicity of the agar/AgNPs films increased slightly with the increase in AgNPs content but they were not statistically significant (p>0.05), while mechanical strength and stiffness of the composite films decreased slightly (p<0.05). 24528754 3 80 theme films 490:494 arg1 color 456:460 The surface color 444:460 The surface color of the resulting agar/AgNPs films 444:494 The surface color of the resulting agar/AgNPs films exhibited the characteristic plasmonic effect of the AgNPs with the maximum absorption peaks of 400-407 nm. 24528754 5 81 theme TGA 926:928 arg1 results 931:937 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results 898:937 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results 898:937 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed that thermal stability of the agar/AgNPs composite films was increased by the inclusion of metallic silver. 24528754 6 82 theme Water 1054:1058 arg1 vapor 1060:1064 Water vapor barrier properties and surface hydrophobicity 1054:1110 vapor 1060:1064 Water vapor barrier properties and surface hydrophobicity of the agar/AgNPs films increased slightly with the increase in AgNPs content but they were not statistically significant (p>0.05), while mechanical strength and stiffness of the composite films decreased slightly (p<0.05). 24528754 4 83 theme X-ray 604:608 arg1 XRD 623:625 XRD 623:625 XRD 623:625 X-ray diffraction (XRD) test results also exhibited characteristic AgNPs crystals with diffraction peaks observed at 2θ values of 38.39°, 44.49°, and 64.45°, which were corresponding to (111), (200), and (220) crystallographic planes of face-centered cubic (fcc) silver crystals, respectively. 24528754 4 83 theme X-ray 604:608 arg1 diffraction 610:620 X-ray diffraction 604:620 X-ray diffraction (XRD) test results 604:639 X-ray diffraction (XRD) test results also exhibited characteristic AgNPs crystals with diffraction peaks observed at 2θ values of 38.39°, 44.49°, and 64.45°, which were corresponding to (111), (200), and (220) crystallographic planes of face-centered cubic (fcc) silver crystals, respectively. 24528754 3 84 theme resulting 469:477 arg1 films 490:494 the resulting agar/AgNPs films 465:494 the resulting agar/AgNPs films 465:494 The surface color of the resulting agar/AgNPs films exhibited the characteristic plasmonic effect of the AgNPs with the maximum absorption peaks of 400-407 nm. 24528754 6 85 dep vapor 1060:1064 arg1 properties 1074:1083 barrier properties 1066:1083 barrier properties 1066:1083 Water vapor barrier properties and surface hydrophobicity of the agar/AgNPs films increased slightly with the increase in AgNPs content but they were not statistically significant (p>0.05), while mechanical strength and stiffness of the composite films decreased slightly (p<0.05). 24528754 3 86 theme plasmonic 525:533 arg1 effect 535:540 the characteristic plasmonic effect 506:540 the characteristic plasmonic effect of the AgNPs 506:553 The surface color of the resulting agar/AgNPs films exhibited the characteristic plasmonic effect of the AgNPs with the maximum absorption peaks of 400-407 nm. 29177718 4 0 dep influence 582:590 arg1 The 578:580 The 578:580 The 578:580 The influence and sensitive analysis of various parameters on the concentrations of gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide are also discussed. 29177718 1 1 theme glucose-responsive 149:166 arg1 membranes 178:186 glucose-responsive composite membranes 149:186 glucose-responsive composite membranes 149:186 The theory of glucose-responsive composite membranes for the planar diffusion and reaction process is extended to a microsphere membrane. 29177718 1 2 theme microsphere 251:261 arg1 membrane 263:270 a microsphere membrane 249:270 a microsphere membrane 249:270 The theory of glucose-responsive composite membranes for the planar diffusion and reaction process is extended to a microsphere membrane. 29177718 0 3 theme enzymatic 82:90 arg1 reaction 92:99 the enzymatic reaction 78:99 the enzymatic reaction of glucose in a spherical matrix 78:132 Unprecedented homotopy perturbation method for solving nonlinear equations in the enzymatic reaction of glucose in a spherical matrix. 29177718 1 4 theme composite 168:176 arg1 membranes 178:186 glucose-responsive composite membranes 149:186 glucose-responsive composite membranes 149:186 The theory of glucose-responsive composite membranes for the planar diffusion and reaction process is extended to a microsphere membrane. 29177718 4 5 theme parameters 626:635 arg1 influence 582:590 influence 582:590 influence 582:590 The influence and sensitive analysis of various parameters on the concentrations of gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide are also discussed. 29177718 4 5 theme parameters 626:635 arg1 analysis 606:613 sensitive analysis 596:613 sensitive analysis 596:613 The influence and sensitive analysis of various parameters on the concentrations of gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide are also discussed. 29177718 0 6 theme glucose 104:110 arg1 reaction 92:99 the enzymatic reaction 78:99 the enzymatic reaction of glucose in a spherical matrix 78:132 Unprecedented homotopy perturbation method for solving nonlinear equations in the enzymatic reaction of glucose in a spherical matrix. 29177718 3 7 link derived 489:495 arg1 methodology 497:507 an analytical derived methodology 475:507 an analytical derived methodology utilizing homotopy perturbation 475:539 We have successfully reported an analytical derived methodology utilizing homotopy perturbation to perform the numerical simulation. 29177718 2 8 theme glucose 298:304 arg1 oxidation 306:314 glucose oxidation 298:314 glucose oxidation 298:314 The theoretical model of glucose oxidation and hydrogen peroxide production in the chitosan-aliginate microsphere has been discussed in this manuscript for the first time. 29177718 5 9 theme enzyme 792:797 arg1 kinetics 799:806 enzyme kinetics 792:806 enzyme kinetics 792:806 The theoretical results enable to predict and optimize the performance of enzyme kinetics. 29177718 5 10 theme theoretical 722:732 arg1 results 734:740 The theoretical results 718:740 The theoretical results 718:740 The theoretical results enable to predict and optimize the performance of enzyme kinetics. 29177718 3 11 theme homotopy 519:526 arg1 perturbation 528:539 homotopy perturbation 519:539 homotopy perturbation 519:539 We have successfully reported an analytical derived methodology utilizing homotopy perturbation to perform the numerical simulation. 29177718 5 12 theme kinetics 799:806 arg1 performance 777:787 the performance 773:787 the performance of enzyme kinetics 773:806 The theoretical results enable to predict and optimize the performance of enzyme kinetics. 29177718 1 13 theme membranes 178:186 arg1 theory 139:144 The theory 135:144 The theory of glucose-responsive composite membranes for the planar diffusion and reaction process 135:232 The theory of glucose-responsive composite membranes for the planar diffusion and reaction process is extended to a microsphere membrane. 29177718 2 14 theme theoretical 277:287 arg1 model 289:293 The theoretical model 273:293 The theoretical model of glucose oxidation and hydrogen peroxide production in the chitosan-aliginate microsphere 273:385 The theoretical model of glucose oxidation and hydrogen peroxide production in the chitosan-aliginate microsphere has been discussed in this manuscript for the first time. 29177718 0 15 theme homotopy 14:21 arg1 method 36:41 Unprecedented homotopy perturbation method 0:41 Unprecedented homotopy perturbation method for solving nonlinear equations in the enzymatic reaction of glucose in a spherical matrix. 0:133 Unprecedented homotopy perturbation method for solving nonlinear equations in the enzymatic reaction of glucose in a spherical matrix. 29177718 2 16 theme peroxide 329:336 arg1 production 338:347 hydrogen peroxide production 320:347 hydrogen peroxide production 320:347 The theoretical model of glucose oxidation and hydrogen peroxide production in the chitosan-aliginate microsphere has been discussed in this manuscript for the first time. 29177718 0 17 theme Unprecedented 0:12 arg1 method 36:41 Unprecedented homotopy perturbation method 0:41 Unprecedented homotopy perturbation method for solving nonlinear equations in the enzymatic reaction of glucose in a spherical matrix. 0:133 Unprecedented homotopy perturbation method for solving nonlinear equations in the enzymatic reaction of glucose in a spherical matrix. 29177718 2 18 theme hydrogen 320:327 arg1 peroxide 329:336 hydrogen peroxide 320:336 hydrogen peroxide production 320:347 The theoretical model of glucose oxidation and hydrogen peroxide production in the chitosan-aliginate microsphere has been discussed in this manuscript for the first time. 29177718 1 19 theme planar 196:201 arg1 diffusion 203:211 the planar diffusion and reaction process 192:232 diffusion 203:211 The theory of glucose-responsive composite membranes for the planar diffusion and reaction process is extended to a microsphere membrane. 29177718 4 20 from analysis 606:613 arg1 concentrations 644:657 the concentrations 640:657 the concentrations of gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide 640:696 The influence and sensitive analysis of various parameters on the concentrations of gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide are also discussed. 29177718 4 21 theme sensitive 596:604 arg1 analysis 606:613 sensitive analysis 596:613 sensitive analysis 596:613 The influence and sensitive analysis of various parameters on the concentrations of gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide are also discussed. 29177718 3 22 theme derived 489:495 arg1 methodology 497:507 an analytical derived methodology 475:507 an analytical derived methodology utilizing homotopy perturbation 475:539 We have successfully reported an analytical derived methodology utilizing homotopy perturbation to perform the numerical simulation. 29177718 0 23 theme perturbation 23:34 arg1 method 36:41 Unprecedented homotopy perturbation method 0:41 Unprecedented homotopy perturbation method for solving nonlinear equations in the enzymatic reaction of glucose in a spherical matrix. 0:133 Unprecedented homotopy perturbation method for solving nonlinear equations in the enzymatic reaction of glucose in a spherical matrix. 29177718 4 24 theme various 618:624 arg1 parameters 626:635 various parameters 618:635 various parameters 618:635 The influence and sensitive analysis of various parameters on the concentrations of gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide are also discussed. 29177718 0 25 theme spherical 117:125 arg1 matrix 127:132 a spherical matrix 115:132 a spherical matrix 115:132 Unprecedented homotopy perturbation method for solving nonlinear equations in the enzymatic reaction of glucose in a spherical matrix. 29177718 0 26 from reaction 92:99 arg1 matrix 127:132 a spherical matrix 115:132 a spherical matrix 115:132 Unprecedented homotopy perturbation method for solving nonlinear equations in the enzymatic reaction of glucose in a spherical matrix. 29177718 2 27 theme oxidation 306:314 arg1 model 289:293 The theoretical model 273:293 The theoretical model of glucose oxidation and hydrogen peroxide production in the chitosan-aliginate microsphere 273:385 The theoretical model of glucose oxidation and hydrogen peroxide production in the chitosan-aliginate microsphere has been discussed in this manuscript for the first time. 29177718 4 28 theme hydrogen 680:687 arg1 peroxide 689:696 hydrogen peroxide 680:696 hydrogen peroxide 680:696 The influence and sensitive analysis of various parameters on the concentrations of gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide are also discussed. 29177718 1 29 theme reaction 217:224 arg1 process 226:232 the planar diffusion and reaction process 192:232 process 226:232 The theory of glucose-responsive composite membranes for the planar diffusion and reaction process is extended to a microsphere membrane. 29177718 2 30 theme first 433:437 arg1 time 439:442 the first time 429:442 the first time 429:442 The theoretical model of glucose oxidation and hydrogen peroxide production in the chitosan-aliginate microsphere has been discussed in this manuscript for the first time. 29177718 4 31 from influence 582:590 arg1 concentrations 644:657 the concentrations 640:657 the concentrations of gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide 640:696 The influence and sensitive analysis of various parameters on the concentrations of gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide are also discussed. 29177718 3 32 theme analytical 478:487 arg1 methodology 497:507 an analytical derived methodology 475:507 an analytical derived methodology utilizing homotopy perturbation 475:539 We have successfully reported an analytical derived methodology utilizing homotopy perturbation to perform the numerical simulation. 29177718 2 33 theme chitosan-aliginate 356:373 arg1 microsphere 375:385 the chitosan-aliginate microsphere 352:385 the chitosan-aliginate microsphere 352:385 The theoretical model of glucose oxidation and hydrogen peroxide production in the chitosan-aliginate microsphere has been discussed in this manuscript for the first time. 29177718 0 34 theme nonlinear 55:63 arg1 equations 65:73 nonlinear equations 55:73 nonlinear equations 55:73 Unprecedented homotopy perturbation method for solving nonlinear equations in the enzymatic reaction of glucose in a spherical matrix. 29177718 2 35 from model 289:293 arg1 microsphere 375:385 the chitosan-aliginate microsphere 352:385 the chitosan-aliginate microsphere 352:385 The theoretical model of glucose oxidation and hydrogen peroxide production in the chitosan-aliginate microsphere has been discussed in this manuscript for the first time. 29177718 4 36 theme gluconic 662:669 arg1 acid 671:674 gluconic acid 662:674 gluconic acid 662:674 The influence and sensitive analysis of various parameters on the concentrations of gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide are also discussed. 29177718 2 37 theme production 338:347 arg1 model 289:293 The theoretical model 273:293 The theoretical model of glucose oxidation and hydrogen peroxide production in the chitosan-aliginate microsphere 273:385 The theoretical model of glucose oxidation and hydrogen peroxide production in the chitosan-aliginate microsphere has been discussed in this manuscript for the first time. 29177718 4 38 theme peroxide 689:696 arg1 concentrations 644:657 the concentrations 640:657 the concentrations of gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide 640:696 The influence and sensitive analysis of various parameters on the concentrations of gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide are also discussed. 29177718 3 39 theme numerical 556:564 arg1 simulation 566:575 the numerical simulation 552:575 the numerical simulation 552:575 We have successfully reported an analytical derived methodology utilizing homotopy perturbation to perform the numerical simulation. 29177718 4 40 theme acid 671:674 arg1 concentrations 644:657 the concentrations 640:657 the concentrations of gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide 640:696 The influence and sensitive analysis of various parameters on the concentrations of gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide are also discussed. 25597658 8 0 theme Langmuir 1296:1303 arg1 model 1305:1309 the Langmuir model 1292:1309 the Langmuir model 1292:1309 It was also found that the Langmuir model described the adsorption isotherm better than the Freundlich isotherm. 25597658 6 1 theme composite 1121:1129 arg1 groups 1098:1103 the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups 1072:1103 groups 1098:1103 From XPS results, it was found that the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups of the hydrogel composite participated in the removal of Pb(II). 25597658 6 1 theme composite 1121:1129 arg1 composite 1121:1129 the hydrogel composite 1108:1129 the hydrogel composite 1108:1129 From XPS results, it was found that the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups of the hydrogel composite participated in the removal of Pb(II). 25597658 3 2 theme infrared 482:489 arg1 spectroscopy 491:502 infrared spectroscopy 482:502 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 482:509 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Solid carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CNMR)), silicon(-29) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Si NMR)), and X-ray diffraction spectroscope ((XRD) were applied to characterize the hydrogel composite. 25597658 3 2 theme infrared 482:489 arg1 FTIR 505:508 FTIR 505:508 FTIR 505:508 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Solid carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CNMR)), silicon(-29) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Si NMR)), and X-ray diffraction spectroscope ((XRD) were applied to characterize the hydrogel composite. 25597658 0 3 theme hydrogel 100:107 arg1 composite 109:117 hydrogel composite 100:117 hydrogel composite 100:117 Synthesis of linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite as an adsorbent for removal of Pb(ΙΙ) from aqueous solutions. 25597658 0 3 theme hydrogel 100:107 arg1 adsorbent 125:133 adsorbent 125:133 adsorbent 125:133 Synthesis of linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite as an adsorbent for removal of Pb(ΙΙ) from aqueous solutions. 25597658 5 4 theme X-ray 994:998 arg1 spectroscopy 1014:1025 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 994:1025 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ((XPS)) 994:1033 The Pb(II)-loaded hydrogel composite was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ((XPS)). 25597658 6 5 theme hydrogel 1112:1119 arg1 composite 1121:1129 the hydrogel composite 1108:1129 the hydrogel composite 1108:1129 From XPS results, it was found that the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups of the hydrogel composite participated in the removal of Pb(II). 25597658 4 6 from solution 833:840 arg1 removal 798:804 the removal 794:804 the removal of Pb(II) from the aqueous solution 794:840 The hydrogel composite was then employed as an adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) from the aqueous solution. 25597658 5 7 theme photoelectron 1000:1012 arg1 spectroscopy 1014:1025 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 994:1025 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ((XPS)) 994:1033 The Pb(II)-loaded hydrogel composite was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ((XPS)). 25597658 3 8 theme Solid 512:516 arg1 resonance 542:550 Solid carbon nuclear magnetic resonance 512:550 Solid carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CNMR)) 512:571 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Solid carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CNMR)), silicon(-29) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Si NMR)), and X-ray diffraction spectroscope ((XRD) were applied to characterize the hydrogel composite. 25597658 7 9 theme Pb 1219:1220 arg1 adsorption 1205:1214 the adsorption 1201:1214 the adsorption of Pb(II) 1201:1224 Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption of Pb(II) followed the pseudo-second-order equation. 25597658 3 10 theme spectroscope 660:671 arg1 diffraction 648:658 X-ray diffraction spectroscope 642:671 X-ray diffraction spectroscope ((XRD) 642:678 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Solid carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CNMR)), silicon(-29) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Si NMR)), and X-ray diffraction spectroscope ((XRD) were applied to characterize the hydrogel composite. 25597658 3 10 theme spectroscope 660:671 arg1 XRD 675:677 XRD 675:677 XRD 675:677 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Solid carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CNMR)), silicon(-29) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Si NMR)), and X-ray diffraction spectroscope ((XRD) were applied to characterize the hydrogel composite. 25597658 7 11 theme pseudo-second-order 1239:1257 arg1 equation 1259:1266 the pseudo-second-order equation 1235:1266 the pseudo-second-order equation 1235:1266 Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption of Pb(II) followed the pseudo-second-order equation. 25597658 3 12 theme carbon 518:523 arg1 resonance 542:550 Solid carbon nuclear magnetic resonance 512:550 Solid carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CNMR)) 512:571 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Solid carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CNMR)), silicon(-29) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Si NMR)), and X-ray diffraction spectroscope ((XRD) were applied to characterize the hydrogel composite. 25597658 8 13 theme adsorption 1325:1334 arg1 isotherm 1336:1343 the adsorption isotherm 1321:1343 the adsorption isotherm 1321:1343 It was also found that the Langmuir model described the adsorption isotherm better than the Freundlich isotherm. 25597658 3 14 dep Fourier 464:470 arg1 transform 472:480 transform 472:480 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Solid carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CNMR)), silicon(-29) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Si NMR)), and X-ray diffraction spectroscope ((XRD) 472:678 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Solid carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CNMR)), silicon(-29) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Si NMR)), and X-ray diffraction spectroscope ((XRD) were applied to characterize the hydrogel composite. 25597658 5 15 dep Fourier 904:910 arg1 transform 912:920 transform 912:920 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ((XPS)) 912:1033 The Pb(II)-loaded hydrogel composite was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ((XPS)). 25597658 0 16 theme acrylic 53:59 arg1 polyethylene-g-poly 32:50 linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly 13:50 linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid) 13:65 Synthesis of linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite as an adsorbent for removal of Pb(ΙΙ) from aqueous solutions. 25597658 0 16 theme acrylic 53:59 arg1 acid 61:64 acrylic acid 53:64 acrylic acid 53:64 Synthesis of linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite as an adsorbent for removal of Pb(ΙΙ) from aqueous solutions. 25597658 3 17 theme X-ray 642:646 arg1 diffraction 648:658 X-ray diffraction spectroscope 642:671 X-ray diffraction spectroscope ((XRD) 642:678 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Solid carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CNMR)), silicon(-29) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Si NMR)), and X-ray diffraction spectroscope ((XRD) were applied to characterize the hydrogel composite. 25597658 3 17 theme X-ray 642:646 arg1 XRD 675:677 XRD 675:677 XRD 675:677 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Solid carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CNMR)), silicon(-29) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Si NMR)), and X-ray diffraction spectroscope ((XRD) were applied to characterize the hydrogel composite. 25597658 6 18 theme hydroxyl 1089:1096 arg1 groups 1098:1103 the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups 1072:1103 groups 1098:1103 From XPS results, it was found that the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups of the hydrogel composite participated in the removal of Pb(II). 25597658 6 18 theme hydroxyl 1089:1096 arg1 composite 1121:1129 the hydrogel composite 1108:1129 the hydrogel composite 1108:1129 From XPS results, it was found that the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups of the hydrogel composite participated in the removal of Pb(II). 25597658 5 19 theme hydrogel 861:868 arg1 composite 870:878 The Pb(II)-loaded hydrogel composite 843:878 The Pb(II)-loaded hydrogel composite 843:878 The Pb(II)-loaded hydrogel composite was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ((XPS)). 25597658 10 20 theme hydrogel 1569:1576 arg1 composite 1578:1586 the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite 1472:1586 the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite 1472:1586 Thus, the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite could be a promising Pb(II) adsorbent. 25597658 10 20 theme hydrogel 1569:1576 arg1 Pb 1609:1610 a promising Pb 1597:1610 a promising Pb(II) adsorbent 1597:1624 Thus, the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite could be a promising Pb(II) adsorbent. 25597658 8 21 theme Freundlich 1361:1370 arg1 isotherm 1372:1379 the Freundlich isotherm 1357:1379 the Freundlich isotherm 1357:1379 It was also found that the Langmuir model described the adsorption isotherm better than the Freundlich isotherm. 25597658 3 22 theme resonance 542:550 arg1 CNMR 566:569 CNMR 566:569 CNMR 566:569 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Solid carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CNMR)), silicon(-29) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Si NMR)), and X-ray diffraction spectroscope ((XRD) were applied to characterize the hydrogel composite. 25597658 3 22 theme resonance 542:550 arg1 spectroscopy 552:563 Solid carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 512:563 Solid carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CNMR)) 512:571 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Solid carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CNMR)), silicon(-29) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Si NMR)), and X-ray diffraction spectroscope ((XRD) were applied to characterize the hydrogel composite. 25597658 2 23 theme density 340:346 arg1 polyethylene 348:359 waste linear low density polyethylene 323:359 waste linear low density polyethylene 323:359 A hydrogel composite consisting of waste linear low density polyethylene, acrylic acid, starch, and organo-montmorillonite was prepared through emulsion polymerization method. 25597658 1 24 theme aqueous 235:241 arg1 solution 243:250 the aqueous solution 231:250 the aqueous solution using a type of hydrogel composite 231:285 The purpose of this work is to remove Pb(II) from the aqueous solution using a type of hydrogel composite. 25597658 6 25 theme carboxyl 1076:1083 arg1 groups 1098:1103 the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups 1072:1103 groups 1098:1103 From XPS results, it was found that the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups of the hydrogel composite participated in the removal of Pb(II). 25597658 6 25 theme carboxyl 1076:1083 arg1 composite 1121:1129 the hydrogel composite 1108:1129 the hydrogel composite 1108:1129 From XPS results, it was found that the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups of the hydrogel composite participated in the removal of Pb(II). 25597658 9 26 theme maximum 1386:1392 arg1 430mg/g 1457:1463 430mg/g 1457:1463 430mg/g 1457:1463 The maximum removal capacity of the hydrogel composite for Pb(II) ions was 430mg/g. 25597658 9 26 theme maximum 1386:1392 arg1 capacity 1402:1409 The maximum removal capacity 1382:1409 The maximum removal capacity of the hydrogel composite for Pb(II) ions 1382:1451 The maximum removal capacity of the hydrogel composite for Pb(II) ions was 430mg/g. 25597658 2 27 theme low 336:338 arg1 polyethylene 348:359 waste linear low density polyethylene 323:359 waste linear low density polyethylene 323:359 A hydrogel composite consisting of waste linear low density polyethylene, acrylic acid, starch, and organo-montmorillonite was prepared through emulsion polymerization method. 25597658 0 28 theme low-density 20:30 arg1 polyethylene-g-poly 32:50 linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly 13:50 linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid) 13:65 Synthesis of linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite as an adsorbent for removal of Pb(ΙΙ) from aqueous solutions. 25597658 0 28 theme low-density 20:30 arg1 acid 61:64 acrylic acid 53:64 acrylic acid 53:64 Synthesis of linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite as an adsorbent for removal of Pb(ΙΙ) from aqueous solutions. 25597658 3 29 theme nuclear 525:531 arg1 resonance 542:550 Solid carbon nuclear magnetic resonance 512:550 Solid carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CNMR)) 512:571 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Solid carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CNMR)), silicon(-29) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Si NMR)), and X-ray diffraction spectroscope ((XRD) were applied to characterize the hydrogel composite. 25597658 10 30 theme adsorbent 1616:1624 arg1 composite 1578:1586 the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite 1472:1586 the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite 1472:1586 Thus, the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite could be a promising Pb(II) adsorbent. 25597658 10 30 theme adsorbent 1616:1624 arg1 Pb 1609:1610 a promising Pb 1597:1610 a promising Pb(II) adsorbent 1597:1624 Thus, the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite could be a promising Pb(II) adsorbent. 25597658 0 31 theme linear 13:18 arg1 polyethylene-g-poly 32:50 linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly 13:50 linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid) 13:65 Synthesis of linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite as an adsorbent for removal of Pb(ΙΙ) from aqueous solutions. 25597658 0 31 theme linear 13:18 arg1 acid 61:64 acrylic acid 53:64 acrylic acid 53:64 Synthesis of linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite as an adsorbent for removal of Pb(ΙΙ) from aqueous solutions. 25597658 5 32 theme -loaded 853:859 arg1 composite 870:878 The Pb(II)-loaded hydrogel composite 843:878 The Pb(II)-loaded hydrogel composite 843:878 The Pb(II)-loaded hydrogel composite was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ((XPS)). 25597658 3 33 theme magnetic 595:602 arg1 resonance 604:612 silicon(-29) nuclear magnetic resonance 574:612 silicon(-29) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Si NMR)) 574:635 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Solid carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CNMR)), silicon(-29) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Si NMR)), and X-ray diffraction spectroscope ((XRD) were applied to characterize the hydrogel composite. 25597658 3 34 theme magnetic 533:540 arg1 resonance 542:550 Solid carbon nuclear magnetic resonance 512:550 Solid carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CNMR)) 512:571 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Solid carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CNMR)), silicon(-29) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Si NMR)), and X-ray diffraction spectroscope ((XRD) were applied to characterize the hydrogel composite. 25597658 2 35 theme polymerization 441:454 arg1 method 456:461 emulsion polymerization method 432:461 emulsion polymerization method 432:461 A hydrogel composite consisting of waste linear low density polyethylene, acrylic acid, starch, and organo-montmorillonite was prepared through emulsion polymerization method. 25597658 0 36 from solutions 170:178 arg1 removal 139:145 removal 139:145 removal of Pb(ΙΙ) from aqueous solutions 139:178 Synthesis of linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite as an adsorbent for removal of Pb(ΙΙ) from aqueous solutions. 25597658 6 37 theme Pb 1162:1163 arg1 removal 1151:1157 the removal 1147:1157 the removal of Pb(II) 1147:1167 From XPS results, it was found that the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups of the hydrogel composite participated in the removal of Pb(II). 25597658 3 38 theme resonance 604:612 arg1 spectroscopy 614:625 silicon(-29) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 574:625 silicon(-29) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Si NMR)) 574:635 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Solid carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CNMR)), silicon(-29) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Si NMR)), and X-ray diffraction spectroscope ((XRD) were applied to characterize the hydrogel composite. 25597658 3 38 theme resonance 604:612 arg1 NMR 631:633 Si NMR 628:633 Si NMR 628:633 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Solid carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CNMR)), silicon(-29) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Si NMR)), and X-ray diffraction spectroscope ((XRD) were applied to characterize the hydrogel composite. 25597658 4 39 theme aqueous 825:831 arg1 solution 833:840 the aqueous solution 821:840 the aqueous solution 821:840 The hydrogel composite was then employed as an adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) from the aqueous solution. 25597658 5 40 dep transform 912:920 arg1 infrared 922:929 infrared 922:929 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ((XPS)) 912:1033 The Pb(II)-loaded hydrogel composite was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ((XPS)). 25597658 1 41 theme work 201:204 arg1 purpose 185:191 The purpose 181:191 The purpose of this work 181:204 The purpose of this work is to remove Pb(II) from the aqueous solution using a type of hydrogel composite. 25597658 2 42 theme emulsion 432:439 arg1 polymerization 441:454 emulsion polymerization 432:454 emulsion polymerization method 432:461 A hydrogel composite consisting of waste linear low density polyethylene, acrylic acid, starch, and organo-montmorillonite was prepared through emulsion polymerization method. 25597658 0 43 theme polyethylene-g-poly 32:50 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis of linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid) 0:65 Synthesis of linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite as an adsorbent for removal of Pb(ΙΙ) from aqueous solutions. 25597658 5 44 theme electron 962:969 arg1 SEM 983:985 SEM 983:985 SEM 983:985 The Pb(II)-loaded hydrogel composite was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ((XPS)). 25597658 5 44 theme electron 962:969 arg1 microscopy 971:980 scanning electron microscopy 953:980 scanning electron microscopy (SEM)) 953:987 The Pb(II)-loaded hydrogel composite was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ((XPS)). 25597658 4 45 theme hydrogel 737:744 arg1 composite 746:754 The hydrogel composite 733:754 The hydrogel composite 733:754 The hydrogel composite was then employed as an adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) from the aqueous solution. 25597658 4 45 theme hydrogel 737:744 arg1 adsorbent 780:788 adsorbent 780:788 adsorbent 780:788 The hydrogel composite was then employed as an adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) from the aqueous solution. 25597658 2 46 theme acrylic 362:368 arg1 acid 370:373 acrylic acid 362:373 acrylic acid 362:373 A hydrogel composite consisting of waste linear low density polyethylene, acrylic acid, starch, and organo-montmorillonite was prepared through emulsion polymerization method. 25597658 10 47 theme acid 1530:1533 arg1 composite 1578:1586 the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite 1472:1586 the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite 1472:1586 Thus, the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite could be a promising Pb(II) adsorbent. 25597658 10 47 theme acid 1530:1533 arg1 Pb 1609:1610 a promising Pb 1597:1610 a promising Pb(II) adsorbent 1597:1624 Thus, the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite could be a promising Pb(II) adsorbent. 25597658 3 48 theme nuclear 587:593 arg1 resonance 604:612 silicon(-29) nuclear magnetic resonance 574:612 silicon(-29) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Si NMR)) 574:635 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Solid carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CNMR)), silicon(-29) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Si NMR)), and X-ray diffraction spectroscope ((XRD) were applied to characterize the hydrogel composite. 25597658 9 49 theme hydrogel 1418:1425 arg1 composite 1427:1435 the hydrogel composite 1414:1435 the hydrogel composite 1414:1435 The maximum removal capacity of the hydrogel composite for Pb(II) ions was 430mg/g. 25597658 5 50 dep spectroscopy 1014:1025 arg1 XPS 1029:1031 XPS 1029:1031 XPS 1029:1031 The Pb(II)-loaded hydrogel composite was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ((XPS)). 25597658 10 51 theme polyethylene-g-poly 1501:1519 arg1 composite 1578:1586 the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite 1472:1586 the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite 1472:1586 Thus, the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite could be a promising Pb(II) adsorbent. 25597658 10 51 theme polyethylene-g-poly 1501:1519 arg1 Pb 1609:1610 a promising Pb 1597:1610 a promising Pb(II) adsorbent 1597:1624 Thus, the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite could be a promising Pb(II) adsorbent. 25597658 0 52 theme Pb 150:151 arg1 removal 139:145 removal 139:145 removal of Pb(ΙΙ) from aqueous solutions 139:178 Synthesis of linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite as an adsorbent for removal of Pb(ΙΙ) from aqueous solutions. 25597658 1 53 theme hydrogel 268:275 arg1 composite 277:285 hydrogel composite 268:285 hydrogel composite 268:285 The purpose of this work is to remove Pb(II) from the aqueous solution using a type of hydrogel composite. 25597658 4 54 theme Pb 809:810 arg1 removal 798:804 the removal 794:804 the removal of Pb(II) from the aqueous solution 794:840 The hydrogel composite was then employed as an adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) from the aqueous solution. 25597658 3 55 theme Si 628:629 arg1 spectroscopy 614:625 silicon(-29) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 574:625 silicon(-29) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Si NMR)) 574:635 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Solid carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CNMR)), silicon(-29) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Si NMR)), and X-ray diffraction spectroscope ((XRD) were applied to characterize the hydrogel composite. 25597658 3 55 theme Si 628:629 arg1 NMR 631:633 Si NMR 628:633 Si NMR 628:633 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Solid carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CNMR)), silicon(-29) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Si NMR)), and X-ray diffraction spectroscope ((XRD) were applied to characterize the hydrogel composite. 25597658 9 56 theme composite 1427:1435 arg1 430mg/g 1457:1463 430mg/g 1457:1463 430mg/g 1457:1463 The maximum removal capacity of the hydrogel composite for Pb(II) ions was 430mg/g. 25597658 9 56 theme composite 1427:1435 arg1 capacity 1402:1409 The maximum removal capacity 1382:1409 The maximum removal capacity of the hydrogel composite for Pb(II) ions 1382:1451 The maximum removal capacity of the hydrogel composite for Pb(II) ions was 430mg/g. 25597658 2 57 theme hydrogel 290:297 arg1 composite 299:307 A hydrogel composite 288:307 A hydrogel composite consisting of waste linear low density polyethylene, acrylic acid, starch, and organo-montmorillonite 288:409 A hydrogel composite consisting of waste linear low density polyethylene, acrylic acid, starch, and organo-montmorillonite was prepared through emulsion polymerization method. 25597658 1 58 theme composite 277:285 arg1 type 260:263 a type 258:263 a type of hydrogel composite 258:285 The purpose of this work is to remove Pb(II) from the aqueous solution using a type of hydrogel composite. 25597658 0 59 theme aqueous 162:168 arg1 solutions 170:178 aqueous solutions 162:178 aqueous solutions 162:178 Synthesis of linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite as an adsorbent for removal of Pb(ΙΙ) from aqueous solutions. 25597658 7 60 theme Kinetic 1170:1176 arg1 studies 1178:1184 Kinetic studies 1170:1184 Kinetic studies 1170:1184 Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption of Pb(II) followed the pseudo-second-order equation. 25597658 10 61 theme promising 1599:1607 arg1 composite 1578:1586 the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite 1472:1586 the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite 1472:1586 Thus, the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite could be a promising Pb(II) adsorbent. 25597658 10 61 theme promising 1599:1607 arg1 Pb 1609:1610 a promising Pb 1597:1610 a promising Pb(II) adsorbent 1597:1624 Thus, the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite could be a promising Pb(II) adsorbent. 25597658 10 62 theme linear 1482:1487 arg1 composite 1578:1586 the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite 1472:1586 the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite 1472:1586 Thus, the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite could be a promising Pb(II) adsorbent. 25597658 10 62 theme linear 1482:1487 arg1 Pb 1609:1610 a promising Pb 1597:1610 a promising Pb(II) adsorbent 1597:1624 Thus, the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite could be a promising Pb(II) adsorbent. 25597658 9 63 theme removal 1394:1400 arg1 430mg/g 1457:1463 430mg/g 1457:1463 430mg/g 1457:1463 The maximum removal capacity of the hydrogel composite for Pb(II) ions was 430mg/g. 25597658 9 63 theme removal 1394:1400 arg1 capacity 1402:1409 The maximum removal capacity 1382:1409 The maximum removal capacity of the hydrogel composite for Pb(II) ions 1382:1451 The maximum removal capacity of the hydrogel composite for Pb(II) ions was 430mg/g. 25597658 10 64 theme acrylic 1522:1528 arg1 composite 1578:1586 the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite 1472:1586 the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite 1472:1586 Thus, the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite could be a promising Pb(II) adsorbent. 25597658 10 64 theme acrylic 1522:1528 arg1 Pb 1609:1610 a promising Pb 1597:1610 a promising Pb(II) adsorbent 1597:1624 Thus, the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite could be a promising Pb(II) adsorbent. 25597658 10 65 theme -co-starch/organo-montmorillonite 1535:1567 arg1 composite 1578:1586 the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite 1472:1586 the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite 1472:1586 Thus, the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite could be a promising Pb(II) adsorbent. 25597658 10 65 theme -co-starch/organo-montmorillonite 1535:1567 arg1 Pb 1609:1610 a promising Pb 1597:1610 a promising Pb(II) adsorbent 1597:1624 Thus, the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite could be a promising Pb(II) adsorbent. 25597658 9 66 theme Pb 1441:1442 arg1 ions 1448:1451 Pb(II) ions 1441:1451 Pb(II) ions 1441:1451 The maximum removal capacity of the hydrogel composite for Pb(II) ions was 430mg/g. 25597658 5 67 theme scanning 953:960 arg1 SEM 983:985 SEM 983:985 SEM 983:985 The Pb(II)-loaded hydrogel composite was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ((XPS)). 25597658 5 67 theme scanning 953:960 arg1 microscopy 971:980 scanning electron microscopy 953:980 scanning electron microscopy (SEM)) 953:987 The Pb(II)-loaded hydrogel composite was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ((XPS)). 25597658 10 68 theme waste 1476:1480 arg1 composite 1578:1586 the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite 1472:1586 the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite 1472:1586 Thus, the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite could be a promising Pb(II) adsorbent. 25597658 10 68 theme waste 1476:1480 arg1 Pb 1609:1610 a promising Pb 1597:1610 a promising Pb(II) adsorbent 1597:1624 Thus, the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite could be a promising Pb(II) adsorbent. 25597658 6 69 theme XPS 1041:1043 arg1 results 1045:1051 XPS results 1041:1051 XPS results 1041:1051 From XPS results, it was found that the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups of the hydrogel composite participated in the removal of Pb(II). 25597658 10 70 theme low-density 1489:1499 arg1 composite 1578:1586 the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite 1472:1586 the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite 1472:1586 Thus, the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite could be a promising Pb(II) adsorbent. 25597658 10 70 theme low-density 1489:1499 arg1 Pb 1609:1610 a promising Pb 1597:1610 a promising Pb(II) adsorbent 1597:1624 Thus, the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite could be a promising Pb(II) adsorbent. 25597658 2 71 theme linear 329:334 arg1 polyethylene 348:359 waste linear low density polyethylene 323:359 waste linear low density polyethylene 323:359 A hydrogel composite consisting of waste linear low density polyethylene, acrylic acid, starch, and organo-montmorillonite was prepared through emulsion polymerization method. 25597658 3 72 theme hydrogel 713:720 arg1 composite 722:730 the hydrogel composite 709:730 the hydrogel composite 709:730 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Solid carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CNMR)), silicon(-29) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Si NMR)), and X-ray diffraction spectroscope ((XRD) were applied to characterize the hydrogel composite. 25597658 3 73 theme silicon 574:580 arg1 resonance 604:612 silicon(-29) nuclear magnetic resonance 574:612 silicon(-29) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Si NMR)) 574:635 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Solid carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CNMR)), silicon(-29) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Si NMR)), and X-ray diffraction spectroscope ((XRD) were applied to characterize the hydrogel composite. 25597658 2 74 theme waste 323:327 arg1 polyethylene 348:359 waste linear low density polyethylene 323:359 waste linear low density polyethylene 323:359 A hydrogel composite consisting of waste linear low density polyethylene, acrylic acid, starch, and organo-montmorillonite was prepared through emulsion polymerization method. 30226693 0 0 theme Radiation 72:80 arg1 Scattering 99:108 Synchrotron Radiation Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering 60:108 Synchrotron Radiation Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering 60:108 [Study on the Crystal Structure of Cellulose in Bamboo with Synchrotron Radiation Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering]. 30226693 11 1 theme fiber 1452:1456 arg1 composite 1470:1478 high value-added bamboo fiber -reinforced composite 1428:1478 high value-added bamboo fiber -reinforced composite 1428:1478 Thus, the model may be used to provide a theoretical basis for high value-added bamboo fiber -reinforced composite. 30226693 7 2 theme angle 891:895 arg1 SR-WAXS 915:921 SR-WAXS 915:921 SR-WAXS 915:921 The crystal structure of cellulose of bamboo was investigated with two dimensional synchrotron radiation wide angle X-ray scattering (SR-WAXS). 30226693 7 2 theme angle 891:895 arg1 scattering 903:912 two dimensional synchrotron radiation wide angle X-ray scattering 848:912 two dimensional synchrotron radiation wide angle X-ray scattering (SR-WAXS) 848:922 The crystal structure of cellulose of bamboo was investigated with two dimensional synchrotron radiation wide angle X-ray scattering (SR-WAXS). 30226693 1 3 theme cellulose 137:145 arg1 structure 124:132 The crystal structure 112:132 The crystal structure of cellulose 112:145 The crystal structure of cellulose will directly affect the properties of bamboo fiber -reinforced composite, but the unit cell of native cellulose in bamboo has never been investigated. 30226693 7 4 theme crystal 785:791 arg1 structure 793:801 The crystal structure 781:801 The crystal structure of cellulose of bamboo 781:824 The crystal structure of cellulose of bamboo was investigated with two dimensional synchrotron radiation wide angle X-ray scattering (SR-WAXS). 30226693 1 5 theme unit 230:233 arg1 cell 235:238 the unit cell 226:238 the unit cell of native cellulose in bamboo 226:268 The crystal structure of cellulose will directly affect the properties of bamboo fiber -reinforced composite, but the unit cell of native cellulose in bamboo has never been investigated. 30226693 0 6 theme Synchrotron 60:70 arg1 Scattering 99:108 Synchrotron Radiation Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering 60:108 Synchrotron Radiation Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering 60:108 [Study on the Crystal Structure of Cellulose in Bamboo with Synchrotron Radiation Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering]. 30226693 11 7 theme theoretical 1406:1416 arg1 basis 1418:1422 a theoretical basis 1404:1422 a theoretical basis for high value-added bamboo fiber -reinforced composite 1404:1478 Thus, the model may be used to provide a theoretical basis for high value-added bamboo fiber -reinforced composite. 30226693 7 8 theme synchrotron 864:874 arg1 SR-WAXS 915:921 SR-WAXS 915:921 SR-WAXS 915:921 The crystal structure of cellulose of bamboo was investigated with two dimensional synchrotron radiation wide angle X-ray scattering (SR-WAXS). 30226693 7 8 theme synchrotron 864:874 arg1 scattering 903:912 two dimensional synchrotron radiation wide angle X-ray scattering 848:912 two dimensional synchrotron radiation wide angle X-ray scattering (SR-WAXS) 848:922 The crystal structure of cellulose of bamboo was investigated with two dimensional synchrotron radiation wide angle X-ray scattering (SR-WAXS). 30226693 3 9 theme native 472:477 arg1 cellulose 479:487 The native cellulose 468:487 The native cellulose 468:487 The native cellulose consists of two different crystal structures (Ⅰ(α) and Ⅰ(β)) which exist in different plants with different proportions. 30226693 0 10 theme Angle 87:91 arg1 Scattering 99:108 Synchrotron Radiation Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering 60:108 Synchrotron Radiation Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering 60:108 [Study on the Crystal Structure of Cellulose in Bamboo with Synchrotron Radiation Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering]. 30226693 0 11 from [Study 0:5 arg1 Bamboo 48:53 Bamboo 48:53 Bamboo 48:53 [Study on the Crystal Structure of Cellulose in Bamboo with Synchrotron Radiation Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering]. 30226693 0 11 from [Study 0:5 arg1 Structure 22:30 the Crystal Structure 10:30 the Crystal Structure of Cellulose 10:43 [Study on the Crystal Structure of Cellulose in Bamboo with Synchrotron Radiation Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering]. 30226693 7 12 theme radiation 876:884 arg1 SR-WAXS 915:921 SR-WAXS 915:921 SR-WAXS 915:921 The crystal structure of cellulose of bamboo was investigated with two dimensional synchrotron radiation wide angle X-ray scattering (SR-WAXS). 30226693 7 12 theme radiation 876:884 arg1 scattering 903:912 two dimensional synchrotron radiation wide angle X-ray scattering 848:912 two dimensional synchrotron radiation wide angle X-ray scattering (SR-WAXS) 848:922 The crystal structure of cellulose of bamboo was investigated with two dimensional synchrotron radiation wide angle X-ray scattering (SR-WAXS). 30226693 3 13 theme different 505:513 arg1 structures 523:532 two different crystal structures 501:532 two different crystal structures (Ⅰ(α) and Ⅰ(β)) which exist in different plants with different proportions 501:607 The native cellulose consists of two different crystal structures (Ⅰ(α) and Ⅰ(β)) which exist in different plants with different proportions. 30226693 9 14 theme monoclinic 1184:1193 arg1 cell 1200:1203 a monoclinic unit cell 1182:1203 a monoclinic unit cell of a=8.35 Å, b (fiber axis) 1182:1231 The results show that the fibre axis of a bamboo cellulose unit cell with a monoclinic unit cell of a=8.35 Å, b (fiber axis)=10.38 Å, c=8.02 Å, β=84.99°. 30226693 0 15 theme Wide 82:85 arg1 Scattering 99:108 Synchrotron Radiation Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering 60:108 Synchrotron Radiation Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering 60:108 [Study on the Crystal Structure of Cellulose in Bamboo with Synchrotron Radiation Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering]. 30226693 2 16 from cell 432:435 arg1 bamboo 460:465 bamboo 460:465 bamboo 460:465 The most accepted model for the structure of native cellulose is Meyer-Misch model which provides a reference to understand the unit cell of native cellulose in bamboo. 30226693 3 17 theme crystal 515:521 arg1 structures 523:532 two different crystal structures 501:532 two different crystal structures (Ⅰ(α) and Ⅰ(β)) which exist in different plants with different proportions 501:607 The native cellulose consists of two different crystal structures (Ⅰ(α) and Ⅰ(β)) which exist in different plants with different proportions. 30226693 3 18 with plants 575:580 arg1 proportions 597:607 different proportions 587:607 different proportions 587:607 The native cellulose consists of two different crystal structures (Ⅰ(α) and Ⅰ(β)) which exist in different plants with different proportions. 30226693 1 19 theme native 243:248 arg1 cellulose 250:258 native cellulose 243:258 native cellulose 243:258 The crystal structure of cellulose will directly affect the properties of bamboo fiber -reinforced composite, but the unit cell of native cellulose in bamboo has never been investigated. 30226693 11 20 theme -reinforced 1458:1468 arg1 composite 1470:1478 high value-added bamboo fiber -reinforced composite 1428:1478 high value-added bamboo fiber -reinforced composite 1428:1478 Thus, the model may be used to provide a theoretical basis for high value-added bamboo fiber -reinforced composite. 30226693 8 21 theme spacings 955:962 arg1 values 929:934 The values 925:934 The values of the interplanar spacings of each peak 925:975 The values of the interplanar spacings of each peak were obtained from SR-WAXS patterns, and then crystal structure parameters were calculated according to monoclinic crystal system. 30226693 7 22 theme dimensional 852:862 arg1 SR-WAXS 915:921 SR-WAXS 915:921 SR-WAXS 915:921 The crystal structure of cellulose of bamboo was investigated with two dimensional synchrotron radiation wide angle X-ray scattering (SR-WAXS). 30226693 7 22 theme dimensional 852:862 arg1 scattering 903:912 two dimensional synchrotron radiation wide angle X-ray scattering 848:912 two dimensional synchrotron radiation wide angle X-ray scattering (SR-WAXS) 848:922 The crystal structure of cellulose of bamboo was investigated with two dimensional synchrotron radiation wide angle X-ray scattering (SR-WAXS). 30226693 4 23 theme unique 693:698 arg1 model 700:704 a unique model 691:704 a unique model 691:704 Because of this situation, the crystal structure of bamboo cellulose should have a unique model. 30226693 2 24 theme Meyer-Misch 364:374 arg1 model 317:321 The most accepted model 299:321 The most accepted model for the structure of native cellulose 299:359 The most accepted model for the structure of native cellulose is Meyer-Misch model which provides a reference to understand the unit cell of native cellulose in bamboo. 30226693 2 24 theme Meyer-Misch 364:374 arg1 model 376:380 Meyer-Misch model 364:380 Meyer-Misch model which provides a reference to understand the unit cell of native cellulose in bamboo 364:465 The most accepted model for the structure of native cellulose is Meyer-Misch model which provides a reference to understand the unit cell of native cellulose in bamboo. 30226693 0 25 theme X-Ray 93:97 arg1 Scattering 99:108 Synchrotron Radiation Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering 60:108 Synchrotron Radiation Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering 60:108 [Study on the Crystal Structure of Cellulose in Bamboo with Synchrotron Radiation Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering]. 30226693 8 26 theme interplanar 943:953 arg1 spacings 955:962 the interplanar spacings 939:962 the interplanar spacings of each peak 939:975 The values of the interplanar spacings of each peak were obtained from SR-WAXS patterns, and then crystal structure parameters were calculated according to monoclinic crystal system. 30226693 10 27 contain has 1273:1275 arg1 model 1267:1271 This model 1262:1271 This model 1262:1271 This model has a two antiparallel arrangement for the chains in unit cell, with four glucose residues. 30226693 10 27 contain has 1273:1275 arg2 arrangement 1296:1306 a two antiparallel arrangement 1277:1306 a two antiparallel arrangement for the chains in unit cell 1277:1334 This model has a two antiparallel arrangement for the chains in unit cell, with four glucose residues. 30226693 5 28 theme bamboo 716:721 arg1 Carr. 746:750 Carr. 746:750 Carr. 746:750 The moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carr. ) 30226693 5 28 theme bamboo 716:721 arg1 edulis 738:743 The moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis 707:743 The moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carr. ) 707:752 The moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carr. ) 30226693 2 29 theme cellulose 447:455 arg1 cell 432:435 the unit cell 423:435 the unit cell of native cellulose in bamboo 423:465 The most accepted model for the structure of native cellulose is Meyer-Misch model which provides a reference to understand the unit cell of native cellulose in bamboo. 30226693 9 30 theme Å 1215:1215 arg1 axis 1227:1230 a=8.35 Å, b (fiber axis) 1208:1231 axis 1227:1230 The results show that the fibre axis of a bamboo cellulose unit cell with a monoclinic unit cell of a=8.35 Å, b (fiber axis)=10.38 Å, c=8.02 Å, β=84.99°. 30226693 9 31 theme unit 1195:1198 arg1 cell 1200:1203 a monoclinic unit cell 1182:1203 a monoclinic unit cell of a=8.35 Å, b (fiber axis) 1182:1231 The results show that the fibre axis of a bamboo cellulose unit cell with a monoclinic unit cell of a=8.35 Å, b (fiber axis)=10.38 Å, c=8.02 Å, β=84.99°. 30226693 2 32 theme cellulose 351:359 arg1 structure 331:339 the structure 327:339 the structure of native cellulose 327:359 The most accepted model for the structure of native cellulose is Meyer-Misch model which provides a reference to understand the unit cell of native cellulose in bamboo. 30226693 8 33 theme monoclinic 1081:1090 arg1 system 1100:1105 monoclinic crystal system 1081:1105 monoclinic crystal system 1081:1105 The values of the interplanar spacings of each peak were obtained from SR-WAXS patterns, and then crystal structure parameters were calculated according to monoclinic crystal system. 30226693 1 34 theme cellulose 250:258 arg1 cell 235:238 the unit cell 226:238 the unit cell of native cellulose in bamboo 226:268 The crystal structure of cellulose will directly affect the properties of bamboo fiber -reinforced composite, but the unit cell of native cellulose in bamboo has never been investigated. 30226693 10 35 theme antiparallel 1283:1294 arg1 arrangement 1296:1306 a two antiparallel arrangement 1277:1306 a two antiparallel arrangement for the chains in unit cell 1277:1334 This model has a two antiparallel arrangement for the chains in unit cell, with four glucose residues. 30226693 7 36 theme bamboo 819:824 arg1 cellulose 806:814 cellulose 806:814 cellulose of bamboo 806:824 The crystal structure of cellulose of bamboo was investigated with two dimensional synchrotron radiation wide angle X-ray scattering (SR-WAXS). 30226693 3 37 theme different 587:595 arg1 proportions 597:607 different proportions 587:607 different proportions 587:607 The native cellulose consists of two different crystal structures (Ⅰ(α) and Ⅰ(β)) which exist in different plants with different proportions. 30226693 9 38 with axis 1140:1143 arg1 cell 1200:1203 a monoclinic unit cell 1182:1203 a monoclinic unit cell of a=8.35 Å, b (fiber axis) 1182:1231 The results show that the fibre axis of a bamboo cellulose unit cell with a monoclinic unit cell of a=8.35 Å, b (fiber axis)=10.38 Å, c=8.02 Å, β=84.99°. 30226693 2 39 theme native 344:349 arg1 cellulose 351:359 native cellulose 344:359 native cellulose 344:359 The most accepted model for the structure of native cellulose is Meyer-Misch model which provides a reference to understand the unit cell of native cellulose in bamboo. 30226693 0 40 theme Crystal 14:20 arg1 Structure 22:30 the Crystal Structure 10:30 the Crystal Structure of Cellulose 10:43 [Study on the Crystal Structure of Cellulose in Bamboo with Synchrotron Radiation Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering]. 30226693 11 41 theme value-added 1433:1443 arg1 composite 1470:1478 high value-added bamboo fiber -reinforced composite 1428:1478 high value-added bamboo fiber -reinforced composite 1428:1478 Thus, the model may be used to provide a theoretical basis for high value-added bamboo fiber -reinforced composite. 30226693 4 42 theme cellulose 669:677 arg1 structure 649:657 the crystal structure 637:657 the crystal structure of bamboo cellulose 637:677 Because of this situation, the crystal structure of bamboo cellulose should have a unique model. 30226693 9 43 dep axis 1227:1230 arg1 b 1218:1218 a=8.35 Å, b (fiber axis) 1208:1231 b 1218:1218 The results show that the fibre axis of a bamboo cellulose unit cell with a monoclinic unit cell of a=8.35 Å, b (fiber axis)=10.38 Å, c=8.02 Å, β=84.99°. 30226693 9 44 theme fibre 1134:1138 arg1 axis 1140:1143 the fibre axis 1130:1143 the fibre axis of a bamboo cellulose unit cell with a monoclinic unit cell of a=8.35 Å, b (fiber axis) 1130:1231 The results show that the fibre axis of a bamboo cellulose unit cell with a monoclinic unit cell of a=8.35 Å, b (fiber axis)=10.38 Å, c=8.02 Å, β=84.99°. 30226693 6 45 dep H. 754:755 arg1 de 757:758 H. de 754:758 H. de Lehaie) 754:766 H. de Lehaie)was selected. 30226693 8 46 theme peak 972:975 arg1 spacings 955:962 the interplanar spacings 939:962 the interplanar spacings of each peak 939:975 The values of the interplanar spacings of each peak were obtained from SR-WAXS patterns, and then crystal structure parameters were calculated according to monoclinic crystal system. 30226693 4 47 theme bamboo 662:667 arg1 cellulose 669:677 bamboo cellulose 662:677 bamboo cellulose 662:677 Because of this situation, the crystal structure of bamboo cellulose should have a unique model. 30226693 1 48 theme bamboo 186:191 arg1 composite 211:219 bamboo fiber -reinforced composite 186:219 bamboo fiber -reinforced composite 186:219 The crystal structure of cellulose will directly affect the properties of bamboo fiber -reinforced composite, but the unit cell of native cellulose in bamboo has never been investigated. 30226693 2 49 theme native 440:445 arg1 cellulose 447:455 native cellulose 440:455 native cellulose 440:455 The most accepted model for the structure of native cellulose is Meyer-Misch model which provides a reference to understand the unit cell of native cellulose in bamboo. 30226693 3 50 theme different 565:573 arg1 plants 575:580 different plants 565:580 different plants with different proportions 565:607 The native cellulose consists of two different crystal structures (Ⅰ(α) and Ⅰ(β)) which exist in different plants with different proportions. 30226693 10 51 theme glucose 1347:1353 arg1 residues 1355:1362 four glucose residues 1342:1362 four glucose residues 1342:1362 This model has a two antiparallel arrangement for the chains in unit cell, with four glucose residues. 30226693 1 52 theme fiber 193:197 arg1 composite 211:219 bamboo fiber -reinforced composite 186:219 bamboo fiber -reinforced composite 186:219 The crystal structure of cellulose will directly affect the properties of bamboo fiber -reinforced composite, but the unit cell of native cellulose in bamboo has never been investigated. 30226693 9 53 theme fiber 1221:1225 arg1 axis 1227:1230 a=8.35 Å, b (fiber axis) 1208:1231 axis 1227:1230 The results show that the fibre axis of a bamboo cellulose unit cell with a monoclinic unit cell of a=8.35 Å, b (fiber axis)=10.38 Å, c=8.02 Å, β=84.99°. 30226693 1 54 from cell 235:238 arg1 bamboo 263:268 bamboo 263:268 bamboo 263:268 The crystal structure of cellulose will directly affect the properties of bamboo fiber -reinforced composite, but the unit cell of native cellulose in bamboo has never been investigated. 30226693 8 55 theme structure 1031:1039 arg1 parameters 1041:1050 crystal structure parameters 1023:1050 crystal structure parameters 1023:1050 The values of the interplanar spacings of each peak were obtained from SR-WAXS patterns, and then crystal structure parameters were calculated according to monoclinic crystal system. 30226693 5 56 theme Phyllostachys 724:736 arg1 Carr. 746:750 Carr. 746:750 Carr. 746:750 The moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carr. ) 30226693 5 56 theme Phyllostachys 724:736 arg1 edulis 738:743 The moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis 707:743 The moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carr. ) 707:752 The moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carr. ) 30226693 1 57 theme -reinforced 199:209 arg1 composite 211:219 bamboo fiber -reinforced composite 186:219 bamboo fiber -reinforced composite 186:219 The crystal structure of cellulose will directly affect the properties of bamboo fiber -reinforced composite, but the unit cell of native cellulose in bamboo has never been investigated. 30226693 9 58 theme axis 1227:1230 arg1 cell 1200:1203 a monoclinic unit cell 1182:1203 a monoclinic unit cell of a=8.35 Å, b (fiber axis) 1182:1231 The results show that the fibre axis of a bamboo cellulose unit cell with a monoclinic unit cell of a=8.35 Å, b (fiber axis)=10.38 Å, c=8.02 Å, β=84.99°. 30226693 5 59 theme moso 711:714 arg1 Carr. 746:750 Carr. 746:750 Carr. 746:750 The moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carr. ) 30226693 5 59 theme moso 711:714 arg1 edulis 738:743 The moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis 707:743 The moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carr. ) 707:752 The moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carr. ) 30226693 11 60 theme bamboo 1445:1450 arg1 composite 1470:1478 high value-added bamboo fiber -reinforced composite 1428:1478 high value-added bamboo fiber -reinforced composite 1428:1478 Thus, the model may be used to provide a theoretical basis for high value-added bamboo fiber -reinforced composite. 30226693 0 61 theme Cellulose 35:43 arg1 Structure 22:30 the Crystal Structure 10:30 the Crystal Structure of Cellulose 10:43 [Study on the Crystal Structure of Cellulose in Bamboo with Synchrotron Radiation Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering]. 30226693 8 62 theme SR-WAXS 996:1002 arg1 patterns 1004:1011 SR-WAXS patterns 996:1011 SR-WAXS patterns 996:1011 The values of the interplanar spacings of each peak were obtained from SR-WAXS patterns, and then crystal structure parameters were calculated according to monoclinic crystal system. 30226693 2 63 theme unit 427:430 arg1 cell 432:435 the unit cell 423:435 the unit cell of native cellulose in bamboo 423:465 The most accepted model for the structure of native cellulose is Meyer-Misch model which provides a reference to understand the unit cell of native cellulose in bamboo. 30226693 2 64 theme accepted 308:315 arg1 model 317:321 The most accepted model 299:321 The most accepted model for the structure of native cellulose 299:359 The most accepted model for the structure of native cellulose is Meyer-Misch model which provides a reference to understand the unit cell of native cellulose in bamboo. 30226693 2 64 theme accepted 308:315 arg1 model 376:380 Meyer-Misch model 364:380 Meyer-Misch model which provides a reference to understand the unit cell of native cellulose in bamboo 364:465 The most accepted model for the structure of native cellulose is Meyer-Misch model which provides a reference to understand the unit cell of native cellulose in bamboo. 30226693 7 65 theme cellulose 806:814 arg1 structure 793:801 The crystal structure 781:801 The crystal structure of cellulose of bamboo 781:824 The crystal structure of cellulose of bamboo was investigated with two dimensional synchrotron radiation wide angle X-ray scattering (SR-WAXS). 30226693 4 66 contain have 686:689 arg2 model 700:704 a unique model 691:704 a unique model 691:704 Because of this situation, the crystal structure of bamboo cellulose should have a unique model. 30226693 4 66 contain have 686:689 arg1 structure 649:657 the crystal structure 637:657 the crystal structure of bamboo cellulose 637:677 Because of this situation, the crystal structure of bamboo cellulose should have a unique model. 30226693 9 67 theme bamboo 1150:1155 arg1 cell 1172:1175 a bamboo cellulose unit cell 1148:1175 a bamboo cellulose unit cell 1148:1175 The results show that the fibre axis of a bamboo cellulose unit cell with a monoclinic unit cell of a=8.35 Å, b (fiber axis)=10.38 Å, c=8.02 Å, β=84.99°. 30226693 0 68 with [Study 0:5 arg1 Scattering 99:108 Synchrotron Radiation Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering 60:108 Synchrotron Radiation Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering 60:108 [Study on the Crystal Structure of Cellulose in Bamboo with Synchrotron Radiation Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering]. 30226693 4 69 theme crystal 641:647 arg1 structure 649:657 the crystal structure 637:657 the crystal structure of bamboo cellulose 637:677 Because of this situation, the crystal structure of bamboo cellulose should have a unique model. 30226693 10 70 theme unit 1326:1329 arg1 cell 1331:1334 unit cell 1326:1334 unit cell 1326:1334 This model has a two antiparallel arrangement for the chains in unit cell, with four glucose residues. 30226693 1 71 theme composite 211:219 arg1 properties 172:181 the properties 168:181 the properties of bamboo fiber -reinforced composite 168:219 The crystal structure of cellulose will directly affect the properties of bamboo fiber -reinforced composite, but the unit cell of native cellulose in bamboo has never been investigated. 30226693 9 72 theme cellulose 1157:1165 arg1 cell 1172:1175 a bamboo cellulose unit cell 1148:1175 a bamboo cellulose unit cell 1148:1175 The results show that the fibre axis of a bamboo cellulose unit cell with a monoclinic unit cell of a=8.35 Å, b (fiber axis)=10.38 Å, c=8.02 Å, β=84.99°. 30226693 7 73 theme X-ray 897:901 arg1 SR-WAXS 915:921 SR-WAXS 915:921 SR-WAXS 915:921 The crystal structure of cellulose of bamboo was investigated with two dimensional synchrotron radiation wide angle X-ray scattering (SR-WAXS). 30226693 7 73 theme X-ray 897:901 arg1 scattering 903:912 two dimensional synchrotron radiation wide angle X-ray scattering 848:912 two dimensional synchrotron radiation wide angle X-ray scattering (SR-WAXS) 848:922 The crystal structure of cellulose of bamboo was investigated with two dimensional synchrotron radiation wide angle X-ray scattering (SR-WAXS). 30226693 1 74 theme crystal 116:122 arg1 structure 124:132 The crystal structure 112:132 The crystal structure of cellulose 112:145 The crystal structure of cellulose will directly affect the properties of bamboo fiber -reinforced composite, but the unit cell of native cellulose in bamboo has never been investigated. 30226693 10 75 from chains 1316:1321 arg1 cell 1331:1334 unit cell 1326:1334 unit cell 1326:1334 This model has a two antiparallel arrangement for the chains in unit cell, with four glucose residues. 30226693 8 76 theme crystal 1023:1029 arg1 structure 1031:1039 crystal structure 1023:1039 crystal structure parameters 1023:1050 The values of the interplanar spacings of each peak were obtained from SR-WAXS patterns, and then crystal structure parameters were calculated according to monoclinic crystal system. 30226693 9 77 theme unit 1167:1170 arg1 cell 1172:1175 a bamboo cellulose unit cell 1148:1175 a bamboo cellulose unit cell 1148:1175 The results show that the fibre axis of a bamboo cellulose unit cell with a monoclinic unit cell of a=8.35 Å, b (fiber axis)=10.38 Å, c=8.02 Å, β=84.99°. 30226693 11 78 theme high 1428:1431 arg1 composite 1470:1478 high value-added bamboo fiber -reinforced composite 1428:1478 high value-added bamboo fiber -reinforced composite 1428:1478 Thus, the model may be used to provide a theoretical basis for high value-added bamboo fiber -reinforced composite. 30226693 3 79 dep structures 523:532 arg1 β 546:546 β 546:546 β 546:546 The native cellulose consists of two different crystal structures (Ⅰ(α) and Ⅰ(β)) which exist in different plants with different proportions. 30226693 3 79 dep structures 523:532 arg1 α 537:537 α 537:537 α 537:537 The native cellulose consists of two different crystal structures (Ⅰ(α) and Ⅰ(β)) which exist in different plants with different proportions. 30226693 3 79 dep structures 523:532 arg1 Ⅰ 544:544 Ⅰ 544:544 Ⅰ 544:544 The native cellulose consists of two different crystal structures (Ⅰ(α) and Ⅰ(β)) which exist in different plants with different proportions. 30226693 3 79 dep structures 523:532 arg1 Ⅰ 535:535 Ⅰ 535:535 Ⅰ 535:535 The native cellulose consists of two different crystal structures (Ⅰ(α) and Ⅰ(β)) which exist in different plants with different proportions. 30226693 11 80 used used 1388:1391 arg2 model 1375:1379 the model 1371:1379 the model 1371:1379 Thus, the model may be used to provide a theoretical basis for high value-added bamboo fiber -reinforced composite. 30226693 9 81 theme c=8.02 1242:1247 arg1 Å 1239:1239 Å 1239:1239 Å 1239:1239 The results show that the fibre axis of a bamboo cellulose unit cell with a monoclinic unit cell of a=8.35 Å, b (fiber axis)=10.38 Å, c=8.02 Å, β=84.99°. 30226693 9 81 theme c=8.02 1242:1247 arg1 Å 1249:1249 c=8.02 Å 1242:1249 c=8.02 Å 1242:1249 The results show that the fibre axis of a bamboo cellulose unit cell with a monoclinic unit cell of a=8.35 Å, b (fiber axis)=10.38 Å, c=8.02 Å, β=84.99°. 30226693 9 82 theme cell 1172:1175 arg1 axis 1140:1143 the fibre axis 1130:1143 the fibre axis of a bamboo cellulose unit cell with a monoclinic unit cell of a=8.35 Å, b (fiber axis) 1130:1231 The results show that the fibre axis of a bamboo cellulose unit cell with a monoclinic unit cell of a=8.35 Å, b (fiber axis)=10.38 Å, c=8.02 Å, β=84.99°. 30226693 7 83 theme wide 886:889 arg1 SR-WAXS 915:921 SR-WAXS 915:921 SR-WAXS 915:921 The crystal structure of cellulose of bamboo was investigated with two dimensional synchrotron radiation wide angle X-ray scattering (SR-WAXS). 30226693 7 83 theme wide 886:889 arg1 scattering 903:912 two dimensional synchrotron radiation wide angle X-ray scattering 848:912 two dimensional synchrotron radiation wide angle X-ray scattering (SR-WAXS) 848:922 The crystal structure of cellulose of bamboo was investigated with two dimensional synchrotron radiation wide angle X-ray scattering (SR-WAXS). 30226693 8 84 theme crystal 1092:1098 arg1 system 1100:1105 monoclinic crystal system 1081:1105 monoclinic crystal system 1081:1105 The values of the interplanar spacings of each peak were obtained from SR-WAXS patterns, and then crystal structure parameters were calculated according to monoclinic crystal system. 25510448 11 0 theme useful 1425:1430 arg1 method 1447:1452 a useful and convenient method 1423:1452 a useful and convenient method for electrospinning in order to control the rate and period of drug release in wound-healing applications 1423:1558 Moreover, GH-loaded sodium alginate/PVA composite nanofibers exhibited a useful and convenient method for electrospinning in order to control the rate and period of drug release in wound-healing applications. 25510448 1 1 theme biomedicated 153:164 arg1 nanofibers 178:187 novel biomedicated electrospun nanofibers 147:187 novel biomedicated electrospun nanofibers for controlled release 147:210 The aim of this study was to develop novel biomedicated electrospun nanofibers for controlled release. 25510448 11 2 from rate 1498:1501 arg1 applications 1547:1558 wound-healing applications 1533:1558 wound-healing applications 1533:1558 Moreover, GH-loaded sodium alginate/PVA composite nanofibers exhibited a useful and convenient method for electrospinning in order to control the rate and period of drug release in wound-healing applications. 25510448 8 3 theme incubation 1198:1207 arg1 h 1193:1193 6 h 1191:1193 6 h of incubation 1191:1207 As much as 90% of the GH was released from the electrospun fibers within 6 h of incubation. 25510448 0 4 theme electrospun 86:96 arg1 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 Preparation and characterization of gatifloxacin-loaded alginate/poly (vinyl alcohol) electrospun nanofibers. 25510448 0 4 theme electrospun 86:96 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and characterization of gatifloxacin-loaded alginate/poly (vinyl alcohol) electrospun nanofibers. 25510448 5 5 from entrapment 655:664 arg1 nanofibers 683:692 the composite nanofibers 669:692 the composite nanofibers 669:692 The drug entrapment in the composite nanofibers was confirmed by SEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and swelling behavior. 25510448 5 6 theme infrared 759:766 arg1 FTIR 782:785 FTIR 782:785 FTIR 782:785 The drug entrapment in the composite nanofibers was confirmed by SEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and swelling behavior. 25510448 5 6 theme infrared 759:766 arg1 spectroscopy 768:779 infrared spectroscopy 759:779 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 759:786 The drug entrapment in the composite nanofibers was confirmed by SEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and swelling behavior. 25510448 1 7 theme electrospun 166:176 arg1 nanofibers 178:187 novel biomedicated electrospun nanofibers 147:187 novel biomedicated electrospun nanofibers for controlled release 147:210 The aim of this study was to develop novel biomedicated electrospun nanofibers for controlled release. 25510448 10 8 theme initial 1310:1316 arg1 release 1318:1324 the initial release and rate 1306:1333 release 1318:1324 The thickness of nanofibers greatly influenced the initial release and rate of drug release. 25510448 11 9 theme wound-healing 1533:1545 arg1 applications 1547:1558 wound-healing applications 1533:1558 wound-healing applications 1533:1558 Moreover, GH-loaded sodium alginate/PVA composite nanofibers exhibited a useful and convenient method for electrospinning in order to control the rate and period of drug release in wound-healing applications. 25510448 6 10 theme phosphate-buffered 937:954 arg1 saline 956:961 phosphate-buffered saline 937:961 phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (pH 7.4) at 37°C for 24 h 937:993 The drug release behavior was investigated using phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (pH 7.4) at 37°C for 24 h. 25510448 6 10 theme phosphate-buffered 937:954 arg1 PBS 964:966 PBS 964:966 PBS 964:966 The drug release behavior was investigated using phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (pH 7.4) at 37°C for 24 h. 25510448 6 10 theme phosphate-buffered 937:954 arg1 pH 970:971 pH 7.4 970:975 pH 7.4 970:975 The drug release behavior was investigated using phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (pH 7.4) at 37°C for 24 h. 25510448 11 11 theme composite 1392:1400 arg1 nanofibers 1402:1411 GH-loaded sodium alginate/PVA composite nanofibers 1362:1411 GH-loaded sodium alginate/PVA composite nanofibers 1362:1411 Moreover, GH-loaded sodium alginate/PVA composite nanofibers exhibited a useful and convenient method for electrospinning in order to control the rate and period of drug release in wound-healing applications. 25510448 3 12 theme scanning 475:482 arg1 SEM 505:507 SEM 505:507 SEM 505:507 The morphology and average diameter of the nanofibers were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25510448 3 12 theme scanning 475:482 arg1 microscopy 493:502 scanning electron microscopy 475:502 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 475:508 The morphology and average diameter of the nanofibers were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25510448 11 13 theme drug 1517:1520 arg1 release 1522:1528 drug release 1517:1528 drug release 1517:1528 Moreover, GH-loaded sodium alginate/PVA composite nanofibers exhibited a useful and convenient method for electrospinning in order to control the rate and period of drug release in wound-healing applications. 25510448 5 14 theme thermo 789:794 arg1 analysis 808:815 thermo gravimetric analysis 789:815 thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) 789:821 The drug entrapment in the composite nanofibers was confirmed by SEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and swelling behavior. 25510448 5 14 theme thermo 789:794 arg1 TGA 818:820 TGA 818:820 TGA 818:820 The drug entrapment in the composite nanofibers was confirmed by SEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and swelling behavior. 25510448 7 15 theme good 1045:1048 arg1 interactions 1050:1061 good interactions 1045:1061 good interactions between PVA and SA, possibly caused by hydrogen bonds 1045:1115 The XRD and FTIR data demonstrate that there are good interactions between PVA and SA, possibly caused by hydrogen bonds. 25510448 3 16 theme electron 484:491 arg1 SEM 505:507 SEM 505:507 SEM 505:507 The morphology and average diameter of the nanofibers were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25510448 3 16 theme electron 484:491 arg1 microscopy 493:502 scanning electron microscopy 475:502 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 475:508 The morphology and average diameter of the nanofibers were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25510448 4 17 theme optimum 515:521 arg1 3/7 530:532 3/7 530:532 3/7 530:532 The optimum ratio (3/7) was used to load gatifloxacin hydrochloride (GH) (1wt %), found to form smooth fibers with uniform structures. 25510448 4 17 theme optimum 515:521 arg1 ratio 523:527 The optimum ratio 511:527 The optimum ratio (3/7) 511:533 The optimum ratio (3/7) was used to load gatifloxacin hydrochloride (GH) (1wt %), found to form smooth fibers with uniform structures. 25510448 8 18 theme electrospun 1165:1175 arg1 fibers 1177:1182 the electrospun fibers 1161:1182 the electrospun fibers 1161:1182 As much as 90% of the GH was released from the electrospun fibers within 6 h of incubation. 25510448 2 19 theme composites 336:345 arg1 nanofibers 258:267 nanofibers 258:267 nanofibers of sodium alginate (SA) (2 wt %)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (10 wt %) composites (2/8, 3/7 and 4/6) 258:364 Pre-formulation studies were carried out for nanofibers of sodium alginate (SA) (2 wt %)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (10 wt %) composites (2/8, 3/7 and 4/6), by an electrospinning technique. 25510448 5 20 theme composite 673:681 arg1 nanofibers 683:692 the composite nanofibers 669:692 the composite nanofibers 669:692 The drug entrapment in the composite nanofibers was confirmed by SEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and swelling behavior. 25510448 5 21 theme differential 824:835 arg1 DSC 859:861 DSC 859:861 DSC 859:861 The drug entrapment in the composite nanofibers was confirmed by SEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and swelling behavior. 25510448 5 21 theme differential 824:835 arg1 calorimetry 846:856 differential scanning calorimetry 824:856 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 824:862 The drug entrapment in the composite nanofibers was confirmed by SEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and swelling behavior. 25510448 5 22 theme drug 650:653 arg1 entrapment 655:664 The drug entrapment 646:664 The drug entrapment in the composite nanofibers 646:692 The drug entrapment in the composite nanofibers was confirmed by SEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and swelling behavior. 25510448 2 23 theme /polyvinyl 301:310 arg1 PVA 321:323 PVA 321:323 PVA 321:323 Pre-formulation studies were carried out for nanofibers of sodium alginate (SA) (2 wt %)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (10 wt %) composites (2/8, 3/7 and 4/6), by an electrospinning technique. 25510448 2 23 theme /polyvinyl 301:310 arg1 alcohol 312:318 sodium alginate (SA) (2 wt %)/polyvinyl alcohol 272:318 sodium alginate (SA) (2 wt %)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (10 wt %) composites (2/8, 3/7 and 4/6) 272:364 Pre-formulation studies were carried out for nanofibers of sodium alginate (SA) (2 wt %)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (10 wt %) composites (2/8, 3/7 and 4/6), by an electrospinning technique. 25510448 2 23 theme /polyvinyl 301:310 arg1 % 333:333 10 wt % 327:333 10 wt % 327:333 Pre-formulation studies were carried out for nanofibers of sodium alginate (SA) (2 wt %)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (10 wt %) composites (2/8, 3/7 and 4/6), by an electrospinning technique. 25510448 11 24 theme convenient 1436:1445 arg1 method 1447:1452 a useful and convenient method 1423:1452 a useful and convenient method for electrospinning in order to control the rate and period of drug release in wound-healing applications 1423:1558 Moreover, GH-loaded sodium alginate/PVA composite nanofibers exhibited a useful and convenient method for electrospinning in order to control the rate and period of drug release in wound-healing applications. 25510448 1 25 theme controlled 193:202 arg1 release 204:210 controlled release 193:210 controlled release 193:210 The aim of this study was to develop novel biomedicated electrospun nanofibers for controlled release. 25510448 10 26 theme release 1343:1349 arg1 release 1318:1324 the initial release and rate 1306:1333 release 1318:1324 The thickness of nanofibers greatly influenced the initial release and rate of drug release. 25510448 10 26 theme release 1343:1349 arg1 rate 1330:1333 the initial release and rate 1306:1333 rate 1330:1333 The thickness of nanofibers greatly influenced the initial release and rate of drug release. 25510448 4 27 theme smooth 607:612 arg1 fibers 614:619 smooth fibers 607:619 smooth fibers 607:619 The optimum ratio (3/7) was used to load gatifloxacin hydrochloride (GH) (1wt %), found to form smooth fibers with uniform structures. 25510448 11 28 theme alginate/PVA 1379:1390 arg1 nanofibers 1402:1411 GH-loaded sodium alginate/PVA composite nanofibers 1362:1411 GH-loaded sodium alginate/PVA composite nanofibers 1362:1411 Moreover, GH-loaded sodium alginate/PVA composite nanofibers exhibited a useful and convenient method for electrospinning in order to control the rate and period of drug release in wound-healing applications. 25510448 6 29 theme release 897:903 arg1 behavior 905:912 The drug release behavior 888:912 The drug release behavior 888:912 The drug release behavior was investigated using phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (pH 7.4) at 37°C for 24 h. 25510448 10 30 theme drug 1338:1341 arg1 release 1343:1349 drug release 1338:1349 drug release 1338:1349 The thickness of nanofibers greatly influenced the initial release and rate of drug release. 25510448 5 31 theme swelling 869:876 arg1 behavior 878:885 swelling behavior 869:885 swelling behavior 869:885 The drug entrapment in the composite nanofibers was confirmed by SEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and swelling behavior. 25510448 4 32 theme uniform 626:632 arg1 structures 634:643 uniform structures 626:643 uniform structures 626:643 The optimum ratio (3/7) was used to load gatifloxacin hydrochloride (GH) (1wt %), found to form smooth fibers with uniform structures. 25510448 6 33 theme drug 892:895 arg1 behavior 905:912 The drug release behavior 888:912 The drug release behavior 888:912 The drug release behavior was investigated using phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (pH 7.4) at 37°C for 24 h. 25510448 5 34 theme gravimetric 796:806 arg1 analysis 808:815 thermo gravimetric analysis 789:815 thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) 789:821 The drug entrapment in the composite nanofibers was confirmed by SEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and swelling behavior. 25510448 5 34 theme gravimetric 796:806 arg1 TGA 818:820 TGA 818:820 TGA 818:820 The drug entrapment in the composite nanofibers was confirmed by SEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and swelling behavior. 25510448 11 35 dep rate 1498:1501 arg1 the 1494:1496 the 1494:1496 the 1494:1496 Moreover, GH-loaded sodium alginate/PVA composite nanofibers exhibited a useful and convenient method for electrospinning in order to control the rate and period of drug release in wound-healing applications. 25510448 2 36 theme wt 296:297 arg1 % 299:299 2 wt % 294:299 2 wt % 294:299 Pre-formulation studies were carried out for nanofibers of sodium alginate (SA) (2 wt %)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (10 wt %) composites (2/8, 3/7 and 4/6), by an electrospinning technique. 25510448 2 36 theme wt 296:297 arg1 alginate 279:286 sodium alginate 272:286 sodium alginate (SA) (2 wt %)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (10 wt %) composites (2/8, 3/7 and 4/6) 272:364 Pre-formulation studies were carried out for nanofibers of sodium alginate (SA) (2 wt %)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (10 wt %) composites (2/8, 3/7 and 4/6), by an electrospinning technique. 25510448 6 37 from 37°C 981:984 arg1 saline 956:961 phosphate-buffered saline 937:961 phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (pH 7.4) at 37°C for 24 h 937:993 The drug release behavior was investigated using phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (pH 7.4) at 37°C for 24 h. 25510448 6 37 from 37°C 981:984 arg1 PBS 964:966 PBS 964:966 PBS 964:966 The drug release behavior was investigated using phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (pH 7.4) at 37°C for 24 h. 25510448 6 37 from 37°C 981:984 arg1 pH 970:971 pH 7.4 970:975 pH 7.4 970:975 The drug release behavior was investigated using phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (pH 7.4) at 37°C for 24 h. 25510448 7 38 theme hydrogen 1102:1109 arg1 bonds 1111:1115 hydrogen bonds 1102:1115 hydrogen bonds 1102:1115 The XRD and FTIR data demonstrate that there are good interactions between PVA and SA, possibly caused by hydrogen bonds. 25510448 0 39 theme alginate/poly 56:68 arg1 electrospun 86:96 gatifloxacin-loaded alginate/poly (vinyl alcohol) electrospun 36:96 gatifloxacin-loaded alginate/poly (vinyl alcohol) electrospun 36:96 Preparation and characterization of gatifloxacin-loaded alginate/poly (vinyl alcohol) electrospun nanofibers. 25510448 5 40 theme X-ray 716:720 arg1 XRD 735:737 XRD 735:737 XRD 735:737 The drug entrapment in the composite nanofibers was confirmed by SEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and swelling behavior. 25510448 5 40 theme X-ray 716:720 arg1 SEM 711:713 SEM 711:713 SEM 711:713 The drug entrapment in the composite nanofibers was confirmed by SEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and swelling behavior. 25510448 5 40 theme X-ray 716:720 arg1 diffraction 722:732 X-ray diffraction 716:732 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 716:738 The drug entrapment in the composite nanofibers was confirmed by SEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and swelling behavior. 25510448 4 41 theme gatifloxacin 552:563 arg1 % 589:589 1wt % 585:589 1wt % 585:589 The optimum ratio (3/7) was used to load gatifloxacin hydrochloride (GH) (1wt %), found to form smooth fibers with uniform structures. 25510448 4 41 theme gatifloxacin 552:563 arg1 GH 580:581 GH 580:581 GH 580:581 The optimum ratio (3/7) was used to load gatifloxacin hydrochloride (GH) (1wt %), found to form smooth fibers with uniform structures. 25510448 4 41 theme gatifloxacin 552:563 arg1 hydrochloride 565:577 load gatifloxacin hydrochloride 547:577 load gatifloxacin hydrochloride (GH) (1wt %) 547:590 The optimum ratio (3/7) was used to load gatifloxacin hydrochloride (GH) (1wt %), found to form smooth fibers with uniform structures. 25510448 0 42 theme gatifloxacin-loaded 36:54 arg1 electrospun 86:96 gatifloxacin-loaded alginate/poly (vinyl alcohol) electrospun 36:96 gatifloxacin-loaded alginate/poly (vinyl alcohol) electrospun 36:96 Preparation and characterization of gatifloxacin-loaded alginate/poly (vinyl alcohol) electrospun nanofibers. 25510448 4 43 theme load 547:550 arg1 % 589:589 1wt % 585:589 1wt % 585:589 The optimum ratio (3/7) was used to load gatifloxacin hydrochloride (GH) (1wt %), found to form smooth fibers with uniform structures. 25510448 4 43 theme load 547:550 arg1 GH 580:581 GH 580:581 GH 580:581 The optimum ratio (3/7) was used to load gatifloxacin hydrochloride (GH) (1wt %), found to form smooth fibers with uniform structures. 25510448 4 43 theme load 547:550 arg1 hydrochloride 565:577 load gatifloxacin hydrochloride 547:577 load gatifloxacin hydrochloride (GH) (1wt %) 547:590 The optimum ratio (3/7) was used to load gatifloxacin hydrochloride (GH) (1wt %), found to form smooth fibers with uniform structures. 25510448 0 44 theme vinyl 71:75 arg1 electrospun 86:96 gatifloxacin-loaded alginate/poly (vinyl alcohol) electrospun 36:96 gatifloxacin-loaded alginate/poly (vinyl alcohol) electrospun 36:96 Preparation and characterization of gatifloxacin-loaded alginate/poly (vinyl alcohol) electrospun nanofibers. 25510448 8 45 theme GH 1140:1141 arg1 % 1131:1131 As much as 90% 1118:1131 As much as 90% of the GH 1118:1141 As much as 90% of the GH was released from the electrospun fibers within 6 h of incubation. 25510448 8 45 theme GH 1140:1141 arg1 GH 1140:1141 the GH 1136:1141 the GH 1136:1141 As much as 90% of the GH was released from the electrospun fibers within 6 h of incubation. 25510448 3 46 theme average 419:425 arg1 diameter 427:434 average diameter 419:434 average diameter 419:434 The morphology and average diameter of the nanofibers were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25510448 2 47 theme electrospinning 373:387 arg1 technique 389:397 an electrospinning technique 370:397 an electrospinning technique 370:397 Pre-formulation studies were carried out for nanofibers of sodium alginate (SA) (2 wt %)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (10 wt %) composites (2/8, 3/7 and 4/6), by an electrospinning technique. 25510448 11 48 theme release 1522:1528 arg1 period 1507:1512 period 1507:1512 period 1507:1512 Moreover, GH-loaded sodium alginate/PVA composite nanofibers exhibited a useful and convenient method for electrospinning in order to control the rate and period of drug release in wound-healing applications. 25510448 11 48 theme release 1522:1528 arg1 rate 1498:1501 rate 1498:1501 rate 1498:1501 Moreover, GH-loaded sodium alginate/PVA composite nanofibers exhibited a useful and convenient method for electrospinning in order to control the rate and period of drug release in wound-healing applications. 25510448 7 49 theme XRD 1000:1002 arg1 data 1013:1016 The XRD and FTIR data 996:1016 data 1013:1016 The XRD and FTIR data demonstrate that there are good interactions between PVA and SA, possibly caused by hydrogen bonds. 25510448 3 50 dep morphology 404:413 arg1 The 400:402 The 400:402 The 400:402 The morphology and average diameter of the nanofibers were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25510448 1 51 theme novel 147:151 arg1 nanofibers 178:187 novel biomedicated electrospun nanofibers 147:187 novel biomedicated electrospun nanofibers for controlled release 147:210 The aim of this study was to develop novel biomedicated electrospun nanofibers for controlled release. 25510448 1 52 theme study 126:130 arg1 aim 114:116 The aim 110:116 The aim of this study 110:130 The aim of this study was to develop novel biomedicated electrospun nanofibers for controlled release. 25510448 11 53 theme sodium 1372:1377 arg1 nanofibers 1402:1411 GH-loaded sodium alginate/PVA composite nanofibers 1362:1411 GH-loaded sodium alginate/PVA composite nanofibers 1362:1411 Moreover, GH-loaded sodium alginate/PVA composite nanofibers exhibited a useful and convenient method for electrospinning in order to control the rate and period of drug release in wound-healing applications. 25510448 11 54 from period 1507:1512 arg1 applications 1547:1558 wound-healing applications 1533:1558 wound-healing applications 1533:1558 Moreover, GH-loaded sodium alginate/PVA composite nanofibers exhibited a useful and convenient method for electrospinning in order to control the rate and period of drug release in wound-healing applications. 25510448 5 55 theme scanning 837:844 arg1 DSC 859:861 DSC 859:861 DSC 859:861 The drug entrapment in the composite nanofibers was confirmed by SEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and swelling behavior. 25510448 5 55 theme scanning 837:844 arg1 calorimetry 846:856 differential scanning calorimetry 824:856 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 824:862 The drug entrapment in the composite nanofibers was confirmed by SEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and swelling behavior. 25510448 2 56 dep composites 336:345 arg1 3/7 353:355 3/7 353:355 3/7 353:355 Pre-formulation studies were carried out for nanofibers of sodium alginate (SA) (2 wt %)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (10 wt %) composites (2/8, 3/7 and 4/6), by an electrospinning technique. 25510448 2 56 dep composites 336:345 arg1 4/6 361:363 4/6 361:363 4/6 361:363 Pre-formulation studies were carried out for nanofibers of sodium alginate (SA) (2 wt %)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (10 wt %) composites (2/8, 3/7 and 4/6), by an electrospinning technique. 25510448 5 57 dep Fourier 741:747 arg1 transform 749:757 transform 749:757 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and swelling behavior 749:885 The drug entrapment in the composite nanofibers was confirmed by SEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and swelling behavior. 25510448 2 58 theme Pre-formulation 213:227 arg1 studies 229:235 Pre-formulation studies 213:235 Pre-formulation studies 213:235 Pre-formulation studies were carried out for nanofibers of sodium alginate (SA) (2 wt %)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (10 wt %) composites (2/8, 3/7 and 4/6), by an electrospinning technique. 25510448 2 59 theme alginate 279:286 arg1 PVA 321:323 PVA 321:323 PVA 321:323 Pre-formulation studies were carried out for nanofibers of sodium alginate (SA) (2 wt %)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (10 wt %) composites (2/8, 3/7 and 4/6), by an electrospinning technique. 25510448 2 59 theme alginate 279:286 arg1 alcohol 312:318 sodium alginate (SA) (2 wt %)/polyvinyl alcohol 272:318 sodium alginate (SA) (2 wt %)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (10 wt %) composites (2/8, 3/7 and 4/6) 272:364 Pre-formulation studies were carried out for nanofibers of sodium alginate (SA) (2 wt %)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (10 wt %) composites (2/8, 3/7 and 4/6), by an electrospinning technique. 25510448 2 59 theme alginate 279:286 arg1 % 333:333 10 wt % 327:333 10 wt % 327:333 Pre-formulation studies were carried out for nanofibers of sodium alginate (SA) (2 wt %)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (10 wt %) composites (2/8, 3/7 and 4/6), by an electrospinning technique. 25510448 11 60 theme GH-loaded 1362:1370 arg1 nanofibers 1402:1411 GH-loaded sodium alginate/PVA composite nanofibers 1362:1411 GH-loaded sodium alginate/PVA composite nanofibers 1362:1411 Moreover, GH-loaded sodium alginate/PVA composite nanofibers exhibited a useful and convenient method for electrospinning in order to control the rate and period of drug release in wound-healing applications. 25510448 2 61 theme alcohol 312:318 arg1 composites 336:345 sodium alginate (SA) (2 wt %)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (10 wt %) composites 272:345 sodium alginate (SA) (2 wt %)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (10 wt %) composites (2/8, 3/7 and 4/6) 272:364 Pre-formulation studies were carried out for nanofibers of sodium alginate (SA) (2 wt %)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (10 wt %) composites (2/8, 3/7 and 4/6), by an electrospinning technique. 25510448 2 62 theme sodium 272:277 arg1 % 299:299 2 wt % 294:299 2 wt % 294:299 Pre-formulation studies were carried out for nanofibers of sodium alginate (SA) (2 wt %)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (10 wt %) composites (2/8, 3/7 and 4/6), by an electrospinning technique. 25510448 2 62 theme sodium 272:277 arg1 SA 289:290 SA 289:290 SA 289:290 Pre-formulation studies were carried out for nanofibers of sodium alginate (SA) (2 wt %)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (10 wt %) composites (2/8, 3/7 and 4/6), by an electrospinning technique. 25510448 2 62 theme sodium 272:277 arg1 alginate 279:286 sodium alginate 272:286 sodium alginate (SA) (2 wt %)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (10 wt %) composites (2/8, 3/7 and 4/6) 272:364 Pre-formulation studies were carried out for nanofibers of sodium alginate (SA) (2 wt %)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (10 wt %) composites (2/8, 3/7 and 4/6), by an electrospinning technique. 25510448 8 63 attach released 1147:1154 arg2 GH 1140:1141 the GH 1136:1141 the GH 1136:1141 As much as 90% of the GH was released from the electrospun fibers within 6 h of incubation. 25510448 8 63 attach released 1147:1154 arg1 fibers 1177:1182 the electrospun fibers 1161:1182 the electrospun fibers 1161:1182 As much as 90% of the GH was released from the electrospun fibers within 6 h of incubation. 25510448 8 63 attach released 1147:1154 arg2 % 1131:1131 As much as 90% 1118:1131 As much as 90% of the GH 1118:1141 As much as 90% of the GH was released from the electrospun fibers within 6 h of incubation. 25510448 3 64 theme nanofibers 443:452 arg1 morphology 404:413 morphology 404:413 morphology 404:413 The morphology and average diameter of the nanofibers were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25510448 3 64 theme nanofibers 443:452 arg1 diameter 427:434 average diameter 419:434 average diameter 419:434 The morphology and average diameter of the nanofibers were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25510448 10 65 theme nanofibers 1276:1285 arg1 thickness 1263:1271 The thickness 1259:1271 The thickness of nanofibers 1259:1285 The thickness of nanofibers greatly influenced the initial release and rate of drug release. 25510448 0 66 theme alcohol 77:83 arg1 electrospun 86:96 gatifloxacin-loaded alginate/poly (vinyl alcohol) electrospun 36:96 gatifloxacin-loaded alginate/poly (vinyl alcohol) electrospun 36:96 Preparation and characterization of gatifloxacin-loaded alginate/poly (vinyl alcohol) electrospun nanofibers. 25510448 4 67 used used 539:542 arg2 3/7 530:532 3/7 530:532 3/7 530:532 The optimum ratio (3/7) was used to load gatifloxacin hydrochloride (GH) (1wt %), found to form smooth fibers with uniform structures. 25510448 4 67 used used 539:542 arg2 ratio 523:527 The optimum ratio 511:527 The optimum ratio (3/7) 511:533 The optimum ratio (3/7) was used to load gatifloxacin hydrochloride (GH) (1wt %), found to form smooth fibers with uniform structures. 25510448 2 68 theme wt 330:331 arg1 alcohol 312:318 sodium alginate (SA) (2 wt %)/polyvinyl alcohol 272:318 sodium alginate (SA) (2 wt %)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (10 wt %) composites (2/8, 3/7 and 4/6) 272:364 Pre-formulation studies were carried out for nanofibers of sodium alginate (SA) (2 wt %)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (10 wt %) composites (2/8, 3/7 and 4/6), by an electrospinning technique. 25510448 2 68 theme wt 330:331 arg1 % 333:333 10 wt % 327:333 10 wt % 327:333 Pre-formulation studies were carried out for nanofibers of sodium alginate (SA) (2 wt %)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (10 wt %) composites (2/8, 3/7 and 4/6), by an electrospinning technique. 25510448 7 69 theme FTIR 1008:1011 arg1 data 1013:1016 The XRD and FTIR data 996:1016 data 1013:1016 The XRD and FTIR data demonstrate that there are good interactions between PVA and SA, possibly caused by hydrogen bonds. 28452963 8 0 theme composite 1128:1136 arg1 performance 1109:1119 the drug delivery performance 1091:1119 the drug delivery performance of the composite 1091:1136 Levofloxacin (LFX) was immobilized in the composite microparticles as a model drug to evaluate the drug delivery performance of the composite. 28452963 4 1 theme emulsification/internal 488:510 arg1 method 521:526 the emulsification/internal gelation method 484:526 the emulsification/internal gelation method 484:526 In the current study, a novel CMCS/PGA composite microparticles with a dual-network structure was prepared by the emulsification/internal gelation method. 28452963 5 2 theme powder 655:660 arg1 diffraction 662:672 X-ray powder diffraction 649:672 X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) 649:678 The structure and thermal stability of the composite were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 28452963 5 2 theme powder 655:660 arg1 XRD 675:677 XRD 675:677 XRD 675:677 The structure and thermal stability of the composite were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 28452963 5 3 theme thermal 547:553 arg1 stability 555:563 thermal stability 547:563 thermal stability 547:563 The structure and thermal stability of the composite were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 28452963 5 4 dep Fourier 601:607 arg1 transform 609:617 transform 609:617 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 609:792 The structure and thermal stability of the composite were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 28452963 0 5 theme γ-Glutamic 79:88 arg1 Chitosan/Poly 65:77 Carboxymethyl Chitosan/Poly 51:77 Carboxymethyl Chitosan/Poly(γ-Glutamic Acid) Composite Microparticles 51:119 Bioresponsive Materials for Drug Delivery Based on Carboxymethyl Chitosan/Poly(γ-Glutamic Acid) Composite Microparticles. 28452963 0 5 theme γ-Glutamic 79:88 arg1 Acid 90:93 γ-Glutamic Acid 79:93 γ-Glutamic Acid 79:93 Bioresponsive Materials for Drug Delivery Based on Carboxymethyl Chitosan/Poly(γ-Glutamic Acid) Composite Microparticles. 28452963 7 6 theme CMCS/PGA 945:952 arg1 microparticles 964:977 CMCS/PGA composite microparticles 945:977 CMCS/PGA composite microparticles 945:977 The results indicate that the swelling property of CMCS/PGA composite microparticles is pH sensitive. 28452963 0 7 theme Composite 96:104 arg1 Microparticles 106:119 Carboxymethyl Chitosan/Poly(γ-Glutamic Acid) Composite Microparticles 51:119 Carboxymethyl Chitosan/Poly(γ-Glutamic Acid) Composite Microparticles 51:119 Bioresponsive Materials for Drug Delivery Based on Carboxymethyl Chitosan/Poly(γ-Glutamic Acid) Composite Microparticles. 28452963 7 8 theme composite 954:962 arg1 microparticles 964:977 CMCS/PGA composite microparticles 945:977 CMCS/PGA composite microparticles 945:977 The results indicate that the swelling property of CMCS/PGA composite microparticles is pH sensitive. 28452963 4 9 theme current 381:387 arg1 study 389:393 the current study 377:393 the current study 377:393 In the current study, a novel CMCS/PGA composite microparticles with a dual-network structure was prepared by the emulsification/internal gelation method. 28452963 3 10 theme excellent 348:356 arg1 hydrophilicity 358:371 excellent hydrophilicity 348:371 excellent hydrophilicity 348:371 Poly(γ-glutamic acid) (PGA) is a natural polymer with excellent hydrophilicity. 28452963 10 11 theme drug 1345:1348 arg1 delivery 1350:1357 drug delivery 1345:1357 drug delivery 1345:1357 The results suggest that the CMCS/PGA composite microparticles are an excellent candidate carrier for drug delivery. 28452963 3 12 theme natural 327:333 arg1 Poly 294:297 Poly 294:297 Poly(γ-glutamic acid) (PGA) 294:320 Poly(γ-glutamic acid) (PGA) is a natural polymer with excellent hydrophilicity. 28452963 3 12 theme natural 327:333 arg1 polymer 335:341 a natural polymer 325:341 a natural polymer with excellent hydrophilicity 325:371 Poly(γ-glutamic acid) (PGA) is a natural polymer with excellent hydrophilicity. 28452963 6 13 theme composite 865:873 arg1 behavior 849:856 the swelling behavior 836:856 the swelling behavior of the composite 836:873 The effects of preparation conditions on the swelling behavior of the composite were investigated. 28452963 8 14 theme composite 1038:1046 arg1 microparticles 1048:1061 the composite microparticles 1034:1061 the composite microparticles 1034:1061 Levofloxacin (LFX) was immobilized in the composite microparticles as a model drug to evaluate the drug delivery performance of the composite. 28452963 10 15 theme composite 1281:1289 arg1 carrier 1333:1339 an excellent candidate carrier 1310:1339 an excellent candidate carrier for drug delivery 1310:1357 The results suggest that the CMCS/PGA composite microparticles are an excellent candidate carrier for drug delivery. 28452963 10 15 theme composite 1281:1289 arg1 microparticles 1291:1304 the CMCS/PGA composite microparticles 1268:1304 the CMCS/PGA composite microparticles 1268:1304 The results suggest that the CMCS/PGA composite microparticles are an excellent candidate carrier for drug delivery. 28452963 1 16 theme potential 173:181 arg1 microparticles 152:165 Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) microparticles 122:165 Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) microparticles 122:165 Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) microparticles are a potential candidate for hemostatic wound dressing. 28452963 1 16 theme potential 173:181 arg1 candidate 183:191 a potential candidate 171:191 a potential candidate for hemostatic wound dressing 171:221 Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) microparticles are a potential candidate for hemostatic wound dressing. 28452963 9 17 theme composite 1176:1184 arg1 microparticles 1186:1199 the composite microparticles 1172:1199 the composite microparticles with different structures 1172:1225 The release kinetics of LFX from the composite microparticles with different structures was determined. 28452963 10 18 theme CMCS/PGA 1272:1279 arg1 carrier 1333:1339 an excellent candidate carrier 1310:1339 an excellent candidate carrier for drug delivery 1310:1357 The results suggest that the CMCS/PGA composite microparticles are an excellent candidate carrier for drug delivery. 28452963 10 18 theme CMCS/PGA 1272:1279 arg1 microparticles 1291:1304 the CMCS/PGA composite microparticles 1268:1304 the CMCS/PGA composite microparticles 1268:1304 The results suggest that the CMCS/PGA composite microparticles are an excellent candidate carrier for drug delivery. 28452963 5 19 theme photoelectron 723:735 arg1 XPS 751:753 XPS 751:753 XPS 751:753 The structure and thermal stability of the composite were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 28452963 5 19 theme photoelectron 723:735 arg1 spectroscopy 737:748 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 717:748 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 717:754 The structure and thermal stability of the composite were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 28452963 7 20 theme swelling 924:931 arg1 sensitive 985:993 sensitive 985:993 sensitive 985:993 The results indicate that the swelling property of CMCS/PGA composite microparticles is pH sensitive. 28452963 7 20 theme swelling 924:931 arg1 property 933:940 the swelling property 920:940 the swelling property of CMCS/PGA composite microparticles 920:977 The results indicate that the swelling property of CMCS/PGA composite microparticles is pH sensitive. 28452963 0 21 theme Bioresponsive 0:12 arg1 Materials 14:22 Bioresponsive Materials 0:22 Bioresponsive Materials for Drug Delivery 0:40 Bioresponsive Materials for Drug Delivery Based on Carboxymethyl Chitosan/Poly(γ-Glutamic Acid) Composite Microparticles. 28452963 5 22 theme X-ray 649:653 arg1 diffraction 662:672 X-ray powder diffraction 649:672 X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) 649:678 The structure and thermal stability of the composite were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 28452963 5 22 theme X-ray 649:653 arg1 XRD 675:677 XRD 675:677 XRD 675:677 The structure and thermal stability of the composite were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 28452963 10 23 theme candidate 1323:1331 arg1 carrier 1333:1339 an excellent candidate carrier 1310:1339 an excellent candidate carrier for drug delivery 1310:1357 The results suggest that the CMCS/PGA composite microparticles are an excellent candidate carrier for drug delivery. 28452963 10 23 theme candidate 1323:1331 arg1 microparticles 1291:1304 the CMCS/PGA composite microparticles 1268:1304 the CMCS/PGA composite microparticles 1268:1304 The results suggest that the CMCS/PGA composite microparticles are an excellent candidate carrier for drug delivery. 28452963 1 24 theme hemostatic 197:206 arg1 dressing 214:221 hemostatic wound dressing 197:221 hemostatic wound dressing 197:221 Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) microparticles are a potential candidate for hemostatic wound dressing. 28452963 0 25 theme Drug 28:31 arg1 Delivery 33:40 Drug Delivery 28:40 Drug Delivery 28:40 Bioresponsive Materials for Drug Delivery Based on Carboxymethyl Chitosan/Poly(γ-Glutamic Acid) Composite Microparticles. 28452963 8 26 theme model 1068:1072 arg1 drug 1074:1077 a model drug 1066:1077 a model drug to evaluate the drug delivery performance of the composite 1066:1136 Levofloxacin (LFX) was immobilized in the composite microparticles as a model drug to evaluate the drug delivery performance of the composite. 28452963 8 26 theme model 1068:1072 arg1 Levofloxacin 996:1007 Levofloxacin 996:1007 Levofloxacin (LFX) 996:1013 Levofloxacin (LFX) was immobilized in the composite microparticles as a model drug to evaluate the drug delivery performance of the composite. 28452963 9 27 theme different 1206:1214 arg1 structures 1216:1225 different structures 1206:1225 different structures 1206:1225 The release kinetics of LFX from the composite microparticles with different structures was determined. 28452963 9 28 theme LFX 1163:1165 arg1 kinetics 1151:1158 The release kinetics 1139:1158 The release kinetics of LFX from the composite microparticles with different structures 1139:1225 The release kinetics of LFX from the composite microparticles with different structures was determined. 28452963 10 29 theme excellent 1313:1321 arg1 carrier 1333:1339 an excellent candidate carrier 1310:1339 an excellent candidate carrier for drug delivery 1310:1357 The results suggest that the CMCS/PGA composite microparticles are an excellent candidate carrier for drug delivery. 28452963 10 29 theme excellent 1313:1321 arg1 microparticles 1291:1304 the CMCS/PGA composite microparticles 1268:1304 the CMCS/PGA composite microparticles 1268:1304 The results suggest that the CMCS/PGA composite microparticles are an excellent candidate carrier for drug delivery. 28452963 1 30 theme wound 208:212 arg1 dressing 214:221 hemostatic wound dressing 197:221 hemostatic wound dressing 197:221 Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) microparticles are a potential candidate for hemostatic wound dressing. 28452963 9 31 with microparticles 1186:1199 arg1 structures 1216:1225 different structures 1206:1225 different structures 1206:1225 The release kinetics of LFX from the composite microparticles with different structures was determined. 28452963 6 32 theme swelling 840:847 arg1 behavior 849:856 the swelling behavior 836:856 the swelling behavior of the composite 836:873 The effects of preparation conditions on the swelling behavior of the composite were investigated. 28452963 2 33 theme swelling 241:248 arg1 property 250:257 its low swelling property 233:257 its low swelling property 233:257 However, its low swelling property limits its hemostatic performance. 28452963 5 34 dep structure 533:541 arg1 The 529:531 The 529:531 The 529:531 The structure and thermal stability of the composite were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 28452963 5 35 theme thermogravimetric 761:777 arg1 analysis 779:786 thermogravimetric analysis 761:786 thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 761:792 The structure and thermal stability of the composite were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 28452963 5 35 theme thermogravimetric 761:777 arg1 TGA 789:791 TGA 789:791 TGA 789:791 The structure and thermal stability of the composite were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 28452963 6 36 from effects 799:805 arg1 behavior 849:856 the swelling behavior 836:856 the swelling behavior of the composite 836:873 The effects of preparation conditions on the swelling behavior of the composite were investigated. 28452963 2 37 theme low 237:239 arg1 property 250:257 its low swelling property 233:257 its low swelling property 233:257 However, its low swelling property limits its hemostatic performance. 28452963 0 38 theme Carboxymethyl 51:63 arg1 Chitosan/Poly 65:77 Carboxymethyl Chitosan/Poly 51:77 Carboxymethyl Chitosan/Poly(γ-Glutamic Acid) Composite Microparticles 51:119 Bioresponsive Materials for Drug Delivery Based on Carboxymethyl Chitosan/Poly(γ-Glutamic Acid) Composite Microparticles. 28452963 0 38 theme Carboxymethyl 51:63 arg1 Acid 90:93 γ-Glutamic Acid 79:93 γ-Glutamic Acid 79:93 Bioresponsive Materials for Drug Delivery Based on Carboxymethyl Chitosan/Poly(γ-Glutamic Acid) Composite Microparticles. 28452963 4 39 theme dual-network 445:456 arg1 structure 458:466 a dual-network structure 443:466 a dual-network structure 443:466 In the current study, a novel CMCS/PGA composite microparticles with a dual-network structure was prepared by the emulsification/internal gelation method. 28452963 5 40 theme scanning 681:688 arg1 SEM 711:713 SEM 711:713 SEM 711:713 The structure and thermal stability of the composite were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 28452963 5 40 theme scanning 681:688 arg1 microscope 699:708 scanning electron microscope 681:708 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 681:714 The structure and thermal stability of the composite were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 28452963 1 41 theme Carboxymethyl 122:134 arg1 CMCS 146:149 CMCS 146:149 CMCS 146:149 Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) microparticles are a potential candidate for hemostatic wound dressing. 28452963 1 41 theme Carboxymethyl 122:134 arg1 chitosan 136:143 Carboxymethyl chitosan 122:143 Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) microparticles 122:165 Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) microparticles are a potential candidate for hemostatic wound dressing. 28452963 6 42 theme conditions 822:831 arg1 effects 799:805 The effects 795:805 The effects of preparation conditions on the swelling behavior of the composite 795:873 The effects of preparation conditions on the swelling behavior of the composite were investigated. 28452963 6 43 theme preparation 810:820 arg1 conditions 822:831 preparation conditions 810:831 preparation conditions 810:831 The effects of preparation conditions on the swelling behavior of the composite were investigated. 28452963 1 44 theme chitosan 136:143 arg1 microparticles 152:165 Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) microparticles 122:165 Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) microparticles 122:165 Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) microparticles are a potential candidate for hemostatic wound dressing. 28452963 1 44 theme chitosan 136:143 arg1 candidate 183:191 a potential candidate 171:191 a potential candidate for hemostatic wound dressing 171:221 Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) microparticles are a potential candidate for hemostatic wound dressing. 28452963 5 45 theme composite 572:580 arg1 structure 533:541 structure 533:541 structure 533:541 The structure and thermal stability of the composite were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 28452963 5 45 theme composite 572:580 arg1 stability 555:563 thermal stability 547:563 thermal stability 547:563 The structure and thermal stability of the composite were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 28452963 3 46 theme γ-glutamic 299:308 arg1 Poly 294:297 Poly 294:297 Poly(γ-glutamic acid) (PGA) 294:320 Poly(γ-glutamic acid) (PGA) is a natural polymer with excellent hydrophilicity. 28452963 3 46 theme γ-glutamic 299:308 arg1 acid 310:313 γ-glutamic acid 299:313 γ-glutamic acid 299:313 Poly(γ-glutamic acid) (PGA) is a natural polymer with excellent hydrophilicity. 28452963 4 47 theme novel 398:402 arg1 CMCS/PGA 404:411 a novel CMCS/PGA 396:411 a novel CMCS/PGA composite microparticles with a dual-network structure 396:466 In the current study, a novel CMCS/PGA composite microparticles with a dual-network structure was prepared by the emulsification/internal gelation method. 28452963 2 48 theme hemostatic 270:279 arg1 performance 281:291 its hemostatic performance 266:291 its hemostatic performance 266:291 However, its low swelling property limits its hemostatic performance. 28452963 3 49 with polymer 335:341 arg1 hydrophilicity 358:371 excellent hydrophilicity 348:371 excellent hydrophilicity 348:371 Poly(γ-glutamic acid) (PGA) is a natural polymer with excellent hydrophilicity. 28452963 9 50 theme release 1143:1149 arg1 kinetics 1151:1158 The release kinetics 1139:1158 The release kinetics of LFX from the composite microparticles with different structures 1139:1225 The release kinetics of LFX from the composite microparticles with different structures was determined. 28452963 5 51 theme electron 690:697 arg1 SEM 711:713 SEM 711:713 SEM 711:713 The structure and thermal stability of the composite were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 28452963 5 51 theme electron 690:697 arg1 microscope 699:708 scanning electron microscope 681:708 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 681:714 The structure and thermal stability of the composite were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 28452963 8 52 theme delivery 1100:1107 arg1 performance 1109:1119 the drug delivery performance 1091:1119 the drug delivery performance of the composite 1091:1136 Levofloxacin (LFX) was immobilized in the composite microparticles as a model drug to evaluate the drug delivery performance of the composite. 28452963 9 53 from microparticles 1186:1199 arg1 kinetics 1151:1158 The release kinetics 1139:1158 The release kinetics of LFX from the composite microparticles with different structures 1139:1225 The release kinetics of LFX from the composite microparticles with different structures was determined. 28452963 5 54 dep transform 609:617 arg1 infrared 619:626 infrared 619:626 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 609:792 The structure and thermal stability of the composite were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 28452963 4 55 theme composite 413:421 arg1 microparticles 423:436 composite microparticles 413:436 a novel CMCS/PGA composite microparticles with a dual-network structure 396:466 In the current study, a novel CMCS/PGA composite microparticles with a dual-network structure was prepared by the emulsification/internal gelation method. 28452963 4 56 with microparticles 423:436 arg1 structure 458:466 a dual-network structure 443:466 a dual-network structure 443:466 In the current study, a novel CMCS/PGA composite microparticles with a dual-network structure was prepared by the emulsification/internal gelation method. 28452963 4 57 dep CMCS/PGA 404:411 arg1 microparticles 423:436 composite microparticles 413:436 a novel CMCS/PGA composite microparticles with a dual-network structure 396:466 In the current study, a novel CMCS/PGA composite microparticles with a dual-network structure was prepared by the emulsification/internal gelation method. 28452963 0 58 theme Chitosan/Poly 65:77 arg1 Microparticles 106:119 Carboxymethyl Chitosan/Poly(γ-Glutamic Acid) Composite Microparticles 51:119 Carboxymethyl Chitosan/Poly(γ-Glutamic Acid) Composite Microparticles 51:119 Bioresponsive Materials for Drug Delivery Based on Carboxymethyl Chitosan/Poly(γ-Glutamic Acid) Composite Microparticles. 28452963 4 59 theme gelation 512:519 arg1 method 521:526 the emulsification/internal gelation method 484:526 the emulsification/internal gelation method 484:526 In the current study, a novel CMCS/PGA composite microparticles with a dual-network structure was prepared by the emulsification/internal gelation method. 28452963 7 60 theme microparticles 964:977 arg1 sensitive 985:993 sensitive 985:993 sensitive 985:993 The results indicate that the swelling property of CMCS/PGA composite microparticles is pH sensitive. 28452963 7 60 theme microparticles 964:977 arg1 property 933:940 the swelling property 920:940 the swelling property of CMCS/PGA composite microparticles 920:977 The results indicate that the swelling property of CMCS/PGA composite microparticles is pH sensitive. 28452963 8 61 theme drug 1095:1098 arg1 performance 1109:1119 the drug delivery performance 1091:1119 the drug delivery performance of the composite 1091:1136 Levofloxacin (LFX) was immobilized in the composite microparticles as a model drug to evaluate the drug delivery performance of the composite. 28452963 5 62 theme X-ray 717:721 arg1 XPS 751:753 XPS 751:753 XPS 751:753 The structure and thermal stability of the composite were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 28452963 5 62 theme X-ray 717:721 arg1 spectroscopy 737:748 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 717:748 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 717:754 The structure and thermal stability of the composite were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 27526444 3 0 theme composite 738:746 arg1 coatings 748:755 the composite coatings 734:755 the composite coatings 734:755 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and other methods were employed to analyze the chemical composition and surface topography of the composite coatings. 27526444 7 1 theme composite 1006:1014 arg1 coatings 1016:1023 These composite coatings 1000:1023 These composite coatings 1000:1023 These composite coatings were applied in vitro, with a drug released early and a burst release effect. 27526444 10 2 mod modification 1462:1473 arg3 surface 1454:1460 surface modification 1454:1473 surface modification of titanium 1454:1485 This finding shows that the proposed method demonstrates a good prospective application in surface modification of titanium. 27526444 10 2 mod modification 1462:1473 arg1 titanium 1478:1485 titanium 1478:1485 titanium 1478:1485 This finding shows that the proposed method demonstrates a good prospective application in surface modification of titanium. 27526444 2 3 theme chemical 491:498 arg1 modifications 516:528 physical, chemical, and biological modifications 481:528 physical, chemical, and biological modifications 481:528 METHODS HA/CS-TGF-β1 composite coatings were prepared on titanium surfaces by physical, chemical, and biological modifications. 27526444 5 4 theme composite 916:924 arg1 coatings 926:933 composite coatings 916:933 composite coatings 916:933 RESULTS HA/CS-TGF-β1 composite coatings were successfully prepared. 27526444 1 5 theme -transforming 259:271 arg1 coatings 309:316 hydroxyapatite (HA)/chitosan (CS)-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) composite coatings 226:316 hydroxyapatite (HA)/chitosan (CS)-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) composite coatings 226:316 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of hydroxyapatite (HA)/chitosan (CS)-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) composite coatings on titanium surfaces, as well as on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts. 27526444 4 6 theme osteoblasts 882:892 arg1 proliferation 865:877 proliferation 865:877 proliferation 865:877 CCK-8 and immunofluorescence assays were used to analyze the effects of the coatings on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts. 27526444 4 6 theme osteoblasts 882:892 arg1 attachment 850:859 attachment 850:859 attachment 850:859 CCK-8 and immunofluorescence assays were used to analyze the effects of the coatings on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts. 27526444 0 7 dep attachment 131:140 arg1 the 127:129 the 127:129 the 127:129 [Preparation of hydroxyapatite/chitosan-transforming growth factor-β composite coatings on titanium surfaces and its effect on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts]. 27526444 1 8 theme growth 273:278 arg1 coatings 309:316 hydroxyapatite (HA)/chitosan (CS)-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) composite coatings 226:316 hydroxyapatite (HA)/chitosan (CS)-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) composite coatings 226:316 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of hydroxyapatite (HA)/chitosan (CS)-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) composite coatings on titanium surfaces, as well as on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts. 27526444 9 9 theme early 1318:1322 arg1 proliferation 1324:1336 early proliferation 1318:1336 early proliferation 1318:1336 CONCLUSION The composite coatings significantly promote the adhesion and early proliferation of osteoblasts in vitro. 27526444 10 10 theme surface 1454:1460 arg1 modification 1462:1473 surface modification 1454:1473 surface modification of titanium 1454:1485 This finding shows that the proposed method demonstrates a good prospective application in surface modification of titanium. 27526444 4 11 theme CCK-8 758:762 arg1 assays 787:792 CCK-8 and immunofluorescence assays 758:792 CCK-8 and immunofluorescence assays 758:792 CCK-8 and immunofluorescence assays were used to analyze the effects of the coatings on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts. 27526444 1 12 theme factor-β1 280:288 arg1 coatings 309:316 hydroxyapatite (HA)/chitosan (CS)-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) composite coatings 226:316 hydroxyapatite (HA)/chitosan (CS)-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) composite coatings 226:316 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of hydroxyapatite (HA)/chitosan (CS)-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) composite coatings on titanium surfaces, as well as on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts. 27526444 8 13 theme obvious 1164:1170 arg1 effect 1182:1187 obvious promoting effect 1164:1187 obvious promoting effect 1164:1187 The growth of osteoblasts was not inhibited on it and it had obvious promoting effect on the adhesion and early proliferation of osteoblasts. 27526444 2 14 theme composite 424:432 arg1 coatings 434:441 composite coatings 424:441 composite coatings 424:441 METHODS HA/CS-TGF-β1 composite coatings were prepared on titanium surfaces by physical, chemical, and biological modifications. 27526444 8 15 theme osteoblasts 1232:1242 arg1 adhesion 1196:1203 adhesion 1196:1203 adhesion 1196:1203 The growth of osteoblasts was not inhibited on it and it had obvious promoting effect on the adhesion and early proliferation of osteoblasts. 27526444 8 15 theme osteoblasts 1232:1242 arg1 proliferation 1215:1227 early proliferation 1209:1227 early proliferation 1209:1227 The growth of osteoblasts was not inhibited on it and it had obvious promoting effect on the adhesion and early proliferation of osteoblasts. 27526444 4 16 theme coatings 834:841 arg1 effects 819:825 the effects 815:825 the effects of the coatings on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts 815:892 CCK-8 and immunofluorescence assays were used to analyze the effects of the coatings on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts. 27526444 4 17 theme immunofluorescence 768:785 arg1 assays 787:792 CCK-8 and immunofluorescence assays 758:792 CCK-8 and immunofluorescence assays 758:792 CCK-8 and immunofluorescence assays were used to analyze the effects of the coatings on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts. 27526444 9 18 dep CONCLUSION 1245:1254 arg1 promote 1293:1299 promote 1293:1299 promote the adhesion and early proliferation of osteoblasts in vitro 1293:1360 CONCLUSION The composite coatings significantly promote the adhesion and early proliferation of osteoblasts in vitro. 27526444 2 19 theme titanium 460:467 arg1 surfaces 469:476 titanium surfaces 460:476 titanium surfaces 460:476 METHODS HA/CS-TGF-β1 composite coatings were prepared on titanium surfaces by physical, chemical, and biological modifications. 27526444 3 20 theme surface 712:718 arg1 topography 720:729 surface topography 712:729 surface topography 712:729 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and other methods were employed to analyze the chemical composition and surface topography of the composite coatings. 27526444 7 21 theme release 1087:1093 arg1 effect 1095:1100 a burst release effect 1079:1100 a burst release effect 1079:1100 These composite coatings were applied in vitro, with a drug released early and a burst release effect. 27526444 9 22 dep adhesion 1305:1312 arg1 the 1301:1303 the 1301:1303 the 1301:1303 CONCLUSION The composite coatings significantly promote the adhesion and early proliferation of osteoblasts in vitro. 27526444 1 23 dep OBJECTIVE 177:185 arg1 investigated 198:209 investigated 198:209 investigated the effects of hydroxyapatite (HA)/chitosan (CS)-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) composite coatings on titanium surfaces, as well as on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts 198:400 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of hydroxyapatite (HA)/chitosan (CS)-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) composite coatings on titanium surfaces, as well as on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts. 27526444 10 24 theme titanium 1478:1485 arg1 modification 1462:1473 surface modification 1454:1473 surface modification of titanium 1454:1485 This finding shows that the proposed method demonstrates a good prospective application in surface modification of titanium. 27526444 8 25 theme promoting 1172:1180 arg1 effect 1182:1187 obvious promoting effect 1164:1187 obvious promoting effect 1164:1187 The growth of osteoblasts was not inhibited on it and it had obvious promoting effect on the adhesion and early proliferation of osteoblasts. 27526444 3 26 theme coatings 748:755 arg1 composition 696:706 chemical composition 687:706 chemical composition 687:706 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and other methods were employed to analyze the chemical composition and surface topography of the composite coatings. 27526444 3 26 theme coatings 748:755 arg1 topography 720:729 surface topography 712:729 surface topography 712:729 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and other methods were employed to analyze the chemical composition and surface topography of the composite coatings. 27526444 9 27 theme osteoblasts 1341:1351 arg1 adhesion 1305:1312 adhesion 1305:1312 adhesion 1305:1312 CONCLUSION The composite coatings significantly promote the adhesion and early proliferation of osteoblasts in vitro. 27526444 9 27 theme osteoblasts 1341:1351 arg1 proliferation 1324:1336 early proliferation 1318:1336 early proliferation 1318:1336 CONCLUSION The composite coatings significantly promote the adhesion and early proliferation of osteoblasts in vitro. 27526444 10 28 theme prospective 1427:1437 arg1 application 1439:1449 a good prospective application 1420:1449 a good prospective application in surface modification of titanium 1420:1485 This finding shows that the proposed method demonstrates a good prospective application in surface modification of titanium. 27526444 0 29 theme growth 53:58 arg1 [Preparation 0:11 [Preparation 0:11 [Preparation of hydroxyapatite/chitosan-transforming growth 0:58 [Preparation of hydroxyapatite/chitosan-transforming growth factor-β composite coatings on titanium surfaces and its effect on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts]. 27526444 1 30 theme TGF-β1 291:296 arg1 coatings 309:316 hydroxyapatite (HA)/chitosan (CS)-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) composite coatings 226:316 hydroxyapatite (HA)/chitosan (CS)-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) composite coatings 226:316 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of hydroxyapatite (HA)/chitosan (CS)-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) composite coatings on titanium surfaces, as well as on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts. 27526444 10 31 theme good 1422:1425 arg1 application 1439:1449 a good prospective application 1420:1449 a good prospective application in surface modification of titanium 1420:1485 This finding shows that the proposed method demonstrates a good prospective application in surface modification of titanium. 27526444 0 32 theme hydroxyapatite/chitosan-transforming 16:51 arg1 growth 53:58 hydroxyapatite/chitosan-transforming growth 16:58 hydroxyapatite/chitosan-transforming growth 16:58 [Preparation of hydroxyapatite/chitosan-transforming growth factor-β composite coatings on titanium surfaces and its effect on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts]. 27526444 7 33 theme burst 1081:1085 arg1 effect 1095:1100 a burst release effect 1079:1100 a burst release effect 1079:1100 These composite coatings were applied in vitro, with a drug released early and a burst release effect. 27526444 3 34 theme X-ray 567:571 arg1 XRD 586:588 XRD 586:588 XRD 586:588 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and other methods were employed to analyze the chemical composition and surface topography of the composite coatings. 27526444 3 34 theme X-ray 567:571 arg1 diffraction 573:583 X-ray diffraction 567:583 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 567:589 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and other methods were employed to analyze the chemical composition and surface topography of the composite coatings. 27526444 1 35 theme hydroxyapatite 226:239 arg1 coatings 309:316 hydroxyapatite (HA)/chitosan (CS)-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) composite coatings 226:316 hydroxyapatite (HA)/chitosan (CS)-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) composite coatings 226:316 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of hydroxyapatite (HA)/chitosan (CS)-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) composite coatings on titanium surfaces, as well as on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts. 27526444 0 36 theme composite 69:77 arg1 coatings 79:86 composite coatings 69:86 composite coatings 69:86 [Preparation of hydroxyapatite/chitosan-transforming growth factor-β composite coatings on titanium surfaces and its effect on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts]. 27526444 1 37 theme composite 299:307 arg1 coatings 309:316 hydroxyapatite (HA)/chitosan (CS)-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) composite coatings 226:316 hydroxyapatite (HA)/chitosan (CS)-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) composite coatings 226:316 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of hydroxyapatite (HA)/chitosan (CS)-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) composite coatings on titanium surfaces, as well as on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts. 27526444 0 38 theme osteoblasts 163:173 arg1 proliferation 146:158 proliferation 146:158 proliferation 146:158 [Preparation of hydroxyapatite/chitosan-transforming growth factor-β composite coatings on titanium surfaces and its effect on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts]. 27526444 0 38 theme osteoblasts 163:173 arg1 attachment 131:140 attachment 131:140 attachment 131:140 [Preparation of hydroxyapatite/chitosan-transforming growth factor-β composite coatings on titanium surfaces and its effect on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts]. 27526444 3 39 theme other 644:648 arg1 methods 650:656 other methods 644:656 other methods 644:656 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and other methods were employed to analyze the chemical composition and surface topography of the composite coatings. 27526444 4 40 used used 799:802 arg2 assays 787:792 CCK-8 and immunofluorescence assays 758:792 CCK-8 and immunofluorescence assays 758:792 CCK-8 and immunofluorescence assays were used to analyze the effects of the coatings on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts. 27526444 2 41 theme physical 481:488 arg1 modifications 516:528 physical, chemical, and biological modifications 481:528 physical, chemical, and biological modifications 481:528 METHODS HA/CS-TGF-β1 composite coatings were prepared on titanium surfaces by physical, chemical, and biological modifications. 27526444 1 42 theme coatings 309:316 arg1 effects 215:221 the effects 211:221 the effects of hydroxyapatite (HA)/chitosan (CS)-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) composite coatings on titanium surfaces, as well as on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts 211:400 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of hydroxyapatite (HA)/chitosan (CS)-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) composite coatings on titanium surfaces, as well as on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts. 27526444 8 43 dep adhesion 1196:1203 arg1 the 1192:1194 the 1192:1194 the 1192:1194 The growth of osteoblasts was not inhibited on it and it had obvious promoting effect on the adhesion and early proliferation of osteoblasts. 27526444 1 44 theme osteoblasts 390:400 arg1 proliferation 373:385 proliferation 373:385 proliferation 373:385 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of hydroxyapatite (HA)/chitosan (CS)-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) composite coatings on titanium surfaces, as well as on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts. 27526444 1 44 theme osteoblasts 390:400 arg1 attachment 358:367 the attachment 354:367 the attachment 354:367 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of hydroxyapatite (HA)/chitosan (CS)-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) composite coatings on titanium surfaces, as well as on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts. 27526444 3 45 theme Fourier 592:598 arg1 spectroscopy 619:630 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy 592:630 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 592:637 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and other methods were employed to analyze the chemical composition and surface topography of the composite coatings. 27526444 3 45 theme Fourier 592:598 arg1 FTIR 633:636 FTIR 633:636 FTIR 633:636 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and other methods were employed to analyze the chemical composition and surface topography of the composite coatings. 27526444 10 46 from application 1439:1449 arg1 modification 1462:1473 surface modification 1454:1473 surface modification of titanium 1454:1485 This finding shows that the proposed method demonstrates a good prospective application in surface modification of titanium. 27526444 6 47 theme contact 969:975 arg1 angle 977:981 Their contact angle 963:981 Their contact angle 963:981 Their contact angle was almost zero. 27526444 8 48 theme early 1209:1213 arg1 proliferation 1215:1227 early proliferation 1209:1227 early proliferation 1209:1227 The growth of osteoblasts was not inhibited on it and it had obvious promoting effect on the adhesion and early proliferation of osteoblasts. 27526444 1 49 theme titanium 321:328 arg1 surfaces 330:337 titanium surfaces 321:337 titanium surfaces 321:337 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of hydroxyapatite (HA)/chitosan (CS)-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) composite coatings on titanium surfaces, as well as on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts. 27526444 4 50 dep attachment 850:859 arg1 the 846:848 the 846:848 the 846:848 CCK-8 and immunofluorescence assays were used to analyze the effects of the coatings on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts. 27526444 4 51 from effects 819:825 arg1 proliferation 865:877 proliferation 865:877 proliferation 865:877 CCK-8 and immunofluorescence assays were used to analyze the effects of the coatings on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts. 27526444 4 51 from effects 819:825 arg1 attachment 850:859 attachment 850:859 attachment 850:859 CCK-8 and immunofluorescence assays were used to analyze the effects of the coatings on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts. 27526444 0 52 from surfaces 100:107 arg1 proliferation 146:158 proliferation 146:158 proliferation 146:158 [Preparation of hydroxyapatite/chitosan-transforming growth factor-β composite coatings on titanium surfaces and its effect on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts]. 27526444 0 52 from surfaces 100:107 arg1 attachment 131:140 attachment 131:140 attachment 131:140 [Preparation of hydroxyapatite/chitosan-transforming growth factor-β composite coatings on titanium surfaces and its effect on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts]. 27526444 9 53 theme composite 1260:1268 arg1 coatings 1270:1277 The composite coatings 1256:1277 The composite coatings 1256:1277 CONCLUSION The composite coatings significantly promote the adhesion and early proliferation of osteoblasts in vitro. 27526444 3 54 dep composition 696:706 arg1 the 683:685 the 683:685 the 683:685 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and other methods were employed to analyze the chemical composition and surface topography of the composite coatings. 27526444 8 55 theme osteoblasts 1117:1127 arg1 growth 1107:1112 The growth 1103:1112 The growth of osteoblasts 1103:1127 The growth of osteoblasts was not inhibited on it and it had obvious promoting effect on the adhesion and early proliferation of osteoblasts. 27526444 8 56 contain had 1160:1162 arg1 it 1157:1158 it 1157:1158 it 1157:1158 The growth of osteoblasts was not inhibited on it and it had obvious promoting effect on the adhesion and early proliferation of osteoblasts. 27526444 8 56 contain had 1160:1162 arg2 effect 1182:1187 obvious promoting effect 1164:1187 obvious promoting effect 1164:1187 The growth of osteoblasts was not inhibited on it and it had obvious promoting effect on the adhesion and early proliferation of osteoblasts. 27526444 1 57 theme /chitosan 245:253 arg1 coatings 309:316 hydroxyapatite (HA)/chitosan (CS)-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) composite coatings 226:316 hydroxyapatite (HA)/chitosan (CS)-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) composite coatings 226:316 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of hydroxyapatite (HA)/chitosan (CS)-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) composite coatings on titanium surfaces, as well as on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts. 27526444 2 58 theme biological 505:514 arg1 modifications 516:528 physical, chemical, and biological modifications 481:528 physical, chemical, and biological modifications 481:528 METHODS HA/CS-TGF-β1 composite coatings were prepared on titanium surfaces by physical, chemical, and biological modifications. 27526444 0 59 from effect 117:122 arg1 proliferation 146:158 proliferation 146:158 proliferation 146:158 [Preparation of hydroxyapatite/chitosan-transforming growth factor-β composite coatings on titanium surfaces and its effect on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts]. 27526444 0 59 from effect 117:122 arg1 attachment 131:140 attachment 131:140 attachment 131:140 [Preparation of hydroxyapatite/chitosan-transforming growth factor-β composite coatings on titanium surfaces and its effect on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts]. 27526444 3 60 theme transform-infrared 600:617 arg1 spectroscopy 619:630 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy 592:630 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 592:637 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and other methods were employed to analyze the chemical composition and surface topography of the composite coatings. 27526444 3 60 theme transform-infrared 600:617 arg1 FTIR 633:636 FTIR 633:636 FTIR 633:636 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and other methods were employed to analyze the chemical composition and surface topography of the composite coatings. 27526444 1 61 from effects 215:221 arg1 proliferation 373:385 proliferation 373:385 proliferation 373:385 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of hydroxyapatite (HA)/chitosan (CS)-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) composite coatings on titanium surfaces, as well as on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts. 27526444 1 61 from effects 215:221 arg1 attachment 358:367 the attachment 354:367 the attachment 354:367 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of hydroxyapatite (HA)/chitosan (CS)-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) composite coatings on titanium surfaces, as well as on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts. 27526444 1 61 from effects 215:221 arg1 surfaces 330:337 titanium surfaces 321:337 titanium surfaces 321:337 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of hydroxyapatite (HA)/chitosan (CS)-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) composite coatings on titanium surfaces, as well as on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts. 27526444 3 62 theme Scanning 531:538 arg1 SEM 561:563 SEM 561:563 SEM 561:563 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and other methods were employed to analyze the chemical composition and surface topography of the composite coatings. 27526444 3 62 theme Scanning 531:538 arg1 microscopy 549:558 Scanning electron microscopy 531:558 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 531:564 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and other methods were employed to analyze the chemical composition and surface topography of the composite coatings. 27526444 10 63 theme proposed 1391:1398 arg1 method 1400:1405 the proposed method 1387:1405 the proposed method 1387:1405 This finding shows that the proposed method demonstrates a good prospective application in surface modification of titanium. 27526444 0 64 theme titanium 91:98 arg1 surfaces 100:107 titanium surfaces 91:107 titanium surfaces 91:107 [Preparation of hydroxyapatite/chitosan-transforming growth factor-β composite coatings on titanium surfaces and its effect on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts]. 27526444 3 65 theme chemical 687:694 arg1 composition 696:706 chemical composition 687:706 chemical composition 687:706 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and other methods were employed to analyze the chemical composition and surface topography of the composite coatings. 27526444 3 66 theme electron 540:547 arg1 SEM 561:563 SEM 561:563 SEM 561:563 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and other methods were employed to analyze the chemical composition and surface topography of the composite coatings. 27526444 3 66 theme electron 540:547 arg1 microscopy 549:558 Scanning electron microscopy 531:558 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 531:564 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and other methods were employed to analyze the chemical composition and surface topography of the composite coatings. 27526444 1 67 theme CS 256:257 arg1 coatings 309:316 hydroxyapatite (HA)/chitosan (CS)-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) composite coatings 226:316 hydroxyapatite (HA)/chitosan (CS)-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) composite coatings 226:316 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of hydroxyapatite (HA)/chitosan (CS)-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) composite coatings on titanium surfaces, as well as on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts. 27447281 11 0 theme division 1511:1518 arg1 site 1520:1523 the division site 1507:1523 the division site 1507:1523 It is suggested that these longer glycan strands are trademarks of the division site. 27447281 6 1 theme new 880:882 arg1 antibiotics 884:894 new antibiotics 880:894 new antibiotics 880:894 Interestingly, the amiA mutant was impaired in colonizing the mouse stomach suggesting that AmiA is a valid target in H. pylori for the development of new antibiotics. 27447281 12 2 theme PG 1672:1673 arg1 metabolism 1675:1684 PG metabolism 1672:1684 PG metabolism 1672:1684 Taken together, we show that the low redundancy on genes involved in PG maturation supports H. pylori as an actractive alternative model to study PG metabolism and cell shape regulation. 27447281 12 3 theme actractive 1634:1643 arg1 model 1657:1661 an actractive alternative model 1631:1661 an actractive alternative model to study PG metabolism and cell shape regulation 1631:1710 Taken together, we show that the low redundancy on genes involved in PG maturation supports H. pylori as an actractive alternative model to study PG metabolism and cell shape regulation. 27447281 12 3 theme actractive 1634:1643 arg1 H. 1618:1619 H. 1618:1619 H. 1618:1619 Taken together, we show that the low redundancy on genes involved in PG maturation supports H. pylori as an actractive alternative model to study PG metabolism and cell shape regulation. 27447281 1 4 theme available 238:246 arg1 antibiotics 248:258 most available antibiotics 233:258 most available antibiotics 233:258 The human gastric pathogen, Helicobacter pylori, is becoming increasingly resistant to most available antibiotics. 27447281 0 5 theme pylori 69:74 arg1 AmiA 47:50 AmiA 47:50 AmiA 47:50 Role of the N-Acetylmuramoyl-l-Alanyl Amidase, AmiA, of Helicobacter pylori in Peptidoglycan Metabolism, Daughter Cell Separation, and Virulence. 27447281 0 5 theme pylori 69:74 arg1 Amidase 38:44 the N-Acetylmuramoyl-l-Alanyl Amidase 8:44 the N-Acetylmuramoyl-l-Alanyl Amidase 8:44 Role of the N-Acetylmuramoyl-l-Alanyl Amidase, AmiA, of Helicobacter pylori in Peptidoglycan Metabolism, Daughter Cell Separation, and Virulence. 27447281 8 6 with muropeptides 1113:1124 arg1 degree 1133:1138 a degree 1131:1138 a degree of cross-linking higher than dimeric muropeptides 1131:1188 The analysis showed that H. pylori lacked muropeptides with a degree of cross-linking higher than dimeric muropeptides. 27447281 7 7 theme amiA 1058:1061 arg1 mutant 1063:1068 its amiA mutant 1054:1068 its amiA mutant 1054:1068 Using reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatography, we analyzed the PG muropeptide composition and glycan chain length distribution of strain 26695 and its amiA mutant. 27447281 5 8 theme amiA 580:583 arg1 mutant 585:590 The amiA mutant 576:590 The amiA mutant 576:590 The amiA mutant displayed long chains of unseparated cells, an impaired motility despite the presence of intact flagella and a tolerance to amoxicillin. 27447281 2 9 theme excellent 329:337 arg1 target 339:344 an excellent target 326:344 an excellent target for the development of new therapeutic strategies 326:394 Peptidoglycan (PG) metabolism is essential to eubacteria, hence, an excellent target for the development of new therapeutic strategies. 27447281 2 9 theme excellent 329:337 arg1 metabolism 280:289 Peptidoglycan (PG) metabolism 261:289 Peptidoglycan (PG) metabolism 261:289 Peptidoglycan (PG) metabolism is essential to eubacteria, hence, an excellent target for the development of new therapeutic strategies. 27447281 4 10 theme N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanyl 541:565 arg1 amidase 567:573 a N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanyl amidase 539:573 a N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanyl amidase 539:573 We have further characterized an isogenic mutant of the amiA gene encoding a N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanyl amidase. 27447281 5 11 theme tolerance 703:711 arg1 presence 669:676 the presence 665:676 the presence of intact flagella and a tolerance to amoxicillin 665:726 The amiA mutant displayed long chains of unseparated cells, an impaired motility despite the presence of intact flagella and a tolerance to amoxicillin. 27447281 0 12 from Role 0:3 arg1 Metabolism 93:102 Peptidoglycan Metabolism 79:102 Peptidoglycan Metabolism 79:102 Role of the N-Acetylmuramoyl-l-Alanyl Amidase, AmiA, of Helicobacter pylori in Peptidoglycan Metabolism, Daughter Cell Separation, and Virulence. 27447281 0 12 from Role 0:3 arg1 Separation 119:128 Daughter Cell Separation 105:128 Daughter Cell Separation 105:128 Role of the N-Acetylmuramoyl-l-Alanyl Amidase, AmiA, of Helicobacter pylori in Peptidoglycan Metabolism, Daughter Cell Separation, and Virulence. 27447281 0 12 from Role 0:3 arg1 Virulence 135:143 Virulence 135:143 Virulence 135:143 Role of the N-Acetylmuramoyl-l-Alanyl Amidase, AmiA, of Helicobacter pylori in Peptidoglycan Metabolism, Daughter Cell Separation, and Virulence. 27447281 5 13 theme impaired 639:646 arg1 chains 607:612 long chains 602:612 long chains of unseparated cells 602:633 The amiA mutant displayed long chains of unseparated cells, an impaired motility despite the presence of intact flagella and a tolerance to amoxicillin. 27447281 5 13 theme impaired 639:646 arg1 motility 648:655 an impaired motility 636:655 an impaired motility 636:655 The amiA mutant displayed long chains of unseparated cells, an impaired motility despite the presence of intact flagella and a tolerance to amoxicillin. 27447281 6 14 theme mouse 791:795 arg1 stomach 797:803 the mouse stomach 787:803 the mouse stomach 787:803 Interestingly, the amiA mutant was impaired in colonizing the mouse stomach suggesting that AmiA is a valid target in H. pylori for the development of new antibiotics. 27447281 0 15 theme Peptidoglycan 79:91 arg1 Metabolism 93:102 Peptidoglycan Metabolism 79:102 Peptidoglycan Metabolism 79:102 Role of the N-Acetylmuramoyl-l-Alanyl Amidase, AmiA, of Helicobacter pylori in Peptidoglycan Metabolism, Daughter Cell Separation, and Virulence. 27447281 5 16 theme flagella 688:695 arg1 presence 669:676 the presence 665:676 the presence of intact flagella and a tolerance to amoxicillin 665:726 The amiA mutant displayed long chains of unseparated cells, an impaired motility despite the presence of intact flagella and a tolerance to amoxicillin. 27447281 7 17 theme high-pressure 917:929 arg1 chromatography 938:951 reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatography 903:951 reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatography 903:951 Using reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatography, we analyzed the PG muropeptide composition and glycan chain length distribution of strain 26695 and its amiA mutant. 27447281 12 18 theme low 1559:1561 arg1 redundancy 1563:1572 the low redundancy 1555:1572 the low redundancy on genes involved in PG maturation 1555:1607 Taken together, we show that the low redundancy on genes involved in PG maturation supports H. pylori as an actractive alternative model to study PG metabolism and cell shape regulation. 27447281 0 19 theme Daughter 105:112 arg1 Separation 119:128 Daughter Cell Separation 105:128 Daughter Cell Separation 105:128 Role of the N-Acetylmuramoyl-l-Alanyl Amidase, AmiA, of Helicobacter pylori in Peptidoglycan Metabolism, Daughter Cell Separation, and Virulence. 27447281 10 20 theme glycan 1405:1410 arg1 strands 1412:1418 very long glycan strands 1395:1418 very long glycan strands 1395:1418 This correlated with an increase of very long glycan strands in the amiA mutant. 27447281 8 21 theme cross-linking 1143:1155 arg1 degree 1133:1138 a degree 1131:1138 a degree of cross-linking higher than dimeric muropeptides 1131:1188 The analysis showed that H. pylori lacked muropeptides with a degree of cross-linking higher than dimeric muropeptides. 27447281 5 22 theme long 602:605 arg1 chains 607:612 long chains 602:612 long chains of unseparated cells 602:633 The amiA mutant displayed long chains of unseparated cells, an impaired motility despite the presence of intact flagella and a tolerance to amoxicillin. 27447281 5 22 theme long 602:605 arg1 motility 648:655 an impaired motility 636:655 an impaired motility 636:655 The amiA mutant displayed long chains of unseparated cells, an impaired motility despite the presence of intact flagella and a tolerance to amoxicillin. 27447281 2 23 theme PG 276:277 arg1 target 339:344 an excellent target 326:344 an excellent target for the development of new therapeutic strategies 326:394 Peptidoglycan (PG) metabolism is essential to eubacteria, hence, an excellent target for the development of new therapeutic strategies. 27447281 2 23 theme PG 276:277 arg1 metabolism 280:289 Peptidoglycan (PG) metabolism 261:289 Peptidoglycan (PG) metabolism 261:289 Peptidoglycan (PG) metabolism is essential to eubacteria, hence, an excellent target for the development of new therapeutic strategies. 27447281 1 24 theme gastric 156:162 arg1 pathogen 164:171 The human gastric pathogen 146:171 The human gastric pathogen 146:171 The human gastric pathogen, Helicobacter pylori, is becoming increasingly resistant to most available antibiotics. 27447281 1 24 theme gastric 156:162 arg1 pylori 187:192 Helicobacter pylori 174:192 Helicobacter pylori 174:192 The human gastric pathogen, Helicobacter pylori, is becoming increasingly resistant to most available antibiotics. 27447281 7 25 theme reverse 903:909 arg1 chromatography 938:951 reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatography 903:951 reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatography 903:951 Using reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatography, we analyzed the PG muropeptide composition and glycan chain length distribution of strain 26695 and its amiA mutant. 27447281 7 26 theme PG 970:971 arg1 composition 985:995 PG muropeptide composition 970:995 PG muropeptide composition 970:995 Using reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatography, we analyzed the PG muropeptide composition and glycan chain length distribution of strain 26695 and its amiA mutant. 27447281 2 27 theme new 369:371 arg1 strategies 385:394 new therapeutic strategies 369:394 new therapeutic strategies 369:394 Peptidoglycan (PG) metabolism is essential to eubacteria, hence, an excellent target for the development of new therapeutic strategies. 27447281 8 28 dep H. 1096:1097 arg1 pylori 1099:1104 H. pylori 1096:1104 H. pylori 1096:1104 The analysis showed that H. pylori lacked muropeptides with a degree of cross-linking higher than dimeric muropeptides. 27447281 5 29 theme unseparated 617:627 arg1 cells 629:633 unseparated cells 617:633 unseparated cells 617:633 The amiA mutant displayed long chains of unseparated cells, an impaired motility despite the presence of intact flagella and a tolerance to amoxicillin. 27447281 7 30 theme phase 911:915 arg1 chromatography 938:951 reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatography 903:951 reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatography 903:951 Using reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatography, we analyzed the PG muropeptide composition and glycan chain length distribution of strain 26695 and its amiA mutant. 27447281 9 31 contain carrying 1260:1267 arg2 residues 1302:1309 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid residues 1269:1309 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid residues 1269:1309 The amiA mutant was also characterized by a decrease of muropeptides carrying 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid residues, which represent the ends of the glycan chains. 27447281 9 31 contain carrying 1260:1267 arg1 muropeptides 1247:1258 muropeptides 1247:1258 muropeptides carrying 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid residues 1247:1309 The amiA mutant was also characterized by a decrease of muropeptides carrying 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid residues, which represent the ends of the glycan chains. 27447281 8 32 theme higher 1157:1162 arg1 cross-linking 1143:1155 cross-linking 1143:1155 cross-linking higher than dimeric muropeptides 1143:1188 The analysis showed that H. pylori lacked muropeptides with a degree of cross-linking higher than dimeric muropeptides. 27447281 4 33 theme gene 525:528 arg1 mutant 506:511 an isogenic mutant 494:511 an isogenic mutant of the amiA gene encoding a N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanyl amidase 494:573 We have further characterized an isogenic mutant of the amiA gene encoding a N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanyl amidase. 27447281 5 34 theme cells 629:633 arg1 chains 607:612 long chains 602:612 long chains of unseparated cells 602:633 The amiA mutant displayed long chains of unseparated cells, an impaired motility despite the presence of intact flagella and a tolerance to amoxicillin. 27447281 5 34 theme cells 629:633 arg1 motility 648:655 an impaired motility 636:655 an impaired motility 636:655 The amiA mutant displayed long chains of unseparated cells, an impaired motility despite the presence of intact flagella and a tolerance to amoxicillin. 27447281 9 35 theme amiA 1195:1198 arg1 mutant 1200:1205 The amiA mutant 1191:1205 The amiA mutant 1191:1205 The amiA mutant was also characterized by a decrease of muropeptides carrying 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid residues, which represent the ends of the glycan chains. 27447281 12 36 theme PG 1595:1596 arg1 maturation 1598:1607 PG maturation 1595:1607 PG maturation 1595:1607 Taken together, we show that the low redundancy on genes involved in PG maturation supports H. pylori as an actractive alternative model to study PG metabolism and cell shape regulation. 27447281 1 37 theme Helicobacter 174:185 arg1 pathogen 164:171 The human gastric pathogen 146:171 The human gastric pathogen 146:171 The human gastric pathogen, Helicobacter pylori, is becoming increasingly resistant to most available antibiotics. 27447281 1 37 theme Helicobacter 174:185 arg1 pylori 187:192 Helicobacter pylori 174:192 Helicobacter pylori 174:192 The human gastric pathogen, Helicobacter pylori, is becoming increasingly resistant to most available antibiotics. 27447281 0 38 theme N-Acetylmuramoyl-l-Alanyl 12:36 arg1 AmiA 47:50 AmiA 47:50 AmiA 47:50 Role of the N-Acetylmuramoyl-l-Alanyl Amidase, AmiA, of Helicobacter pylori in Peptidoglycan Metabolism, Daughter Cell Separation, and Virulence. 27447281 0 38 theme N-Acetylmuramoyl-l-Alanyl 12:36 arg1 Amidase 38:44 the N-Acetylmuramoyl-l-Alanyl Amidase 8:44 the N-Acetylmuramoyl-l-Alanyl Amidase 8:44 Role of the N-Acetylmuramoyl-l-Alanyl Amidase, AmiA, of Helicobacter pylori in Peptidoglycan Metabolism, Daughter Cell Separation, and Virulence. 27447281 4 39 theme amiA 520:523 arg1 gene 525:528 the amiA gene 516:528 the amiA gene encoding a N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanyl amidase 516:573 We have further characterized an isogenic mutant of the amiA gene encoding a N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanyl amidase. 27447281 5 40 theme intact 681:686 arg1 flagella 688:695 intact flagella 681:695 intact flagella 681:695 The amiA mutant displayed long chains of unseparated cells, an impaired motility despite the presence of intact flagella and a tolerance to amoxicillin. 27447281 7 41 theme liquid 931:936 arg1 chromatography 938:951 reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatography 903:951 reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatography 903:951 Using reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatography, we analyzed the PG muropeptide composition and glycan chain length distribution of strain 26695 and its amiA mutant. 27447281 11 42 theme site 1520:1523 arg1 trademarks 1493:1502 trademarks 1493:1502 trademarks of the division site 1493:1523 It is suggested that these longer glycan strands are trademarks of the division site. 27447281 11 42 theme site 1520:1523 arg1 strands 1481:1487 these longer glycan strands 1461:1487 these longer glycan strands 1461:1487 It is suggested that these longer glycan strands are trademarks of the division site. 27447281 6 43 from target 837:842 arg1 H. 847:848 H. 847:848 H. 847:848 Interestingly, the amiA mutant was impaired in colonizing the mouse stomach suggesting that AmiA is a valid target in H. pylori for the development of new antibiotics. 27447281 0 44 theme Cell 114:117 arg1 Separation 119:128 Daughter Cell Separation 105:128 Daughter Cell Separation 105:128 Role of the N-Acetylmuramoyl-l-Alanyl Amidase, AmiA, of Helicobacter pylori in Peptidoglycan Metabolism, Daughter Cell Separation, and Virulence. 27447281 1 45 theme human 150:154 arg1 pathogen 164:171 The human gastric pathogen 146:171 The human gastric pathogen 146:171 The human gastric pathogen, Helicobacter pylori, is becoming increasingly resistant to most available antibiotics. 27447281 1 45 theme human 150:154 arg1 pylori 187:192 Helicobacter pylori 174:192 Helicobacter pylori 174:192 The human gastric pathogen, Helicobacter pylori, is becoming increasingly resistant to most available antibiotics. 27447281 7 46 theme mutant 1063:1068 arg1 distribution 1021:1032 the PG muropeptide composition and glycan chain length distribution 966:1032 the PG muropeptide composition and glycan chain length distribution of strain 26695 and its amiA mutant 966:1068 Using reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatography, we analyzed the PG muropeptide composition and glycan chain length distribution of strain 26695 and its amiA mutant. 27447281 9 47 theme glycan 1344:1349 arg1 chains 1351:1356 the glycan chains 1340:1356 the glycan chains 1340:1356 The amiA mutant was also characterized by a decrease of muropeptides carrying 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid residues, which represent the ends of the glycan chains. 27447281 7 48 theme strain 1037:1042 arg1 distribution 1021:1032 the PG muropeptide composition and glycan chain length distribution 966:1032 the PG muropeptide composition and glycan chain length distribution of strain 26695 and its amiA mutant 966:1068 Using reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatography, we analyzed the PG muropeptide composition and glycan chain length distribution of strain 26695 and its amiA mutant. 27447281 9 49 theme 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramic 1269:1295 arg1 residues 1302:1309 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid residues 1269:1309 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid residues 1269:1309 The amiA mutant was also characterized by a decrease of muropeptides carrying 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid residues, which represent the ends of the glycan chains. 27447281 0 50 theme Amidase 38:44 arg1 Role 0:3 Role 0:3 Role of the N-Acetylmuramoyl-l-Alanyl Amidase, AmiA, of Helicobacter pylori in Peptidoglycan Metabolism, Daughter Cell Separation, and Virulence. 0:144 Role of the N-Acetylmuramoyl-l-Alanyl Amidase, AmiA, of Helicobacter pylori in Peptidoglycan Metabolism, Daughter Cell Separation, and Virulence. 27447281 9 51 theme chains 1351:1356 arg1 ends 1332:1335 the ends 1328:1335 the ends of the glycan chains 1328:1356 The amiA mutant was also characterized by a decrease of muropeptides carrying 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid residues, which represent the ends of the glycan chains. 27447281 12 52 from redundancy 1563:1572 arg1 genes 1577:1581 genes 1577:1581 genes involved in PG maturation 1577:1607 Taken together, we show that the low redundancy on genes involved in PG maturation supports H. pylori as an actractive alternative model to study PG metabolism and cell shape regulation. 27447281 6 53 theme valid 831:835 arg1 AmiA 821:824 AmiA 821:824 AmiA 821:824 Interestingly, the amiA mutant was impaired in colonizing the mouse stomach suggesting that AmiA is a valid target in H. pylori for the development of new antibiotics. 27447281 6 53 theme valid 831:835 arg1 target 837:842 a valid target 829:842 a valid target in H. pylori for the development of new antibiotics 829:894 Interestingly, the amiA mutant was impaired in colonizing the mouse stomach suggesting that AmiA is a valid target in H. pylori for the development of new antibiotics. 27447281 6 54 theme amiA 748:751 arg1 mutant 753:758 the amiA mutant 744:758 the amiA mutant 744:758 Interestingly, the amiA mutant was impaired in colonizing the mouse stomach suggesting that AmiA is a valid target in H. pylori for the development of new antibiotics. 27447281 2 55 theme strategies 385:394 arg1 development 354:364 the development 350:364 the development of new therapeutic strategies 350:394 Peptidoglycan (PG) metabolism is essential to eubacteria, hence, an excellent target for the development of new therapeutic strategies. 27447281 4 56 theme isogenic 497:504 arg1 mutant 506:511 an isogenic mutant 494:511 an isogenic mutant of the amiA gene encoding a N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanyl amidase 494:573 We have further characterized an isogenic mutant of the amiA gene encoding a N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanyl amidase. 27447281 10 57 theme amiA 1427:1430 arg1 mutant 1432:1437 the amiA mutant 1423:1437 the amiA mutant 1423:1437 This correlated with an increase of very long glycan strands in the amiA mutant. 27447281 7 58 theme glycan 1001:1006 arg1 length 1014:1019 glycan chain length 1001:1019 glycan chain length 1001:1019 Using reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatography, we analyzed the PG muropeptide composition and glycan chain length distribution of strain 26695 and its amiA mutant. 27447281 2 59 dep essential 294:302 arg1 target 339:344 an excellent target 326:344 an excellent target for the development of new therapeutic strategies 326:394 Peptidoglycan (PG) metabolism is essential to eubacteria, hence, an excellent target for the development of new therapeutic strategies. 27447281 2 59 dep essential 294:302 arg1 metabolism 280:289 Peptidoglycan (PG) metabolism 261:289 Peptidoglycan (PG) metabolism 261:289 Peptidoglycan (PG) metabolism is essential to eubacteria, hence, an excellent target for the development of new therapeutic strategies. 27447281 9 60 theme acid 1297:1300 arg1 residues 1302:1309 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid residues 1269:1309 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid residues 1269:1309 The amiA mutant was also characterized by a decrease of muropeptides carrying 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid residues, which represent the ends of the glycan chains. 27447281 2 61 theme therapeutic 373:383 arg1 strategies 385:394 new therapeutic strategies 369:394 new therapeutic strategies 369:394 Peptidoglycan (PG) metabolism is essential to eubacteria, hence, an excellent target for the development of new therapeutic strategies. 27447281 12 62 theme cell 1690:1693 arg1 regulation 1701:1710 cell shape regulation 1690:1710 cell shape regulation 1690:1710 Taken together, we show that the low redundancy on genes involved in PG maturation supports H. pylori as an actractive alternative model to study PG metabolism and cell shape regulation. 27447281 10 63 theme long 1400:1403 arg1 strands 1412:1418 very long glycan strands 1395:1418 very long glycan strands 1395:1418 This correlated with an increase of very long glycan strands in the amiA mutant. 27447281 7 64 theme muropeptide 973:983 arg1 composition 985:995 PG muropeptide composition 970:995 PG muropeptide composition 970:995 Using reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatography, we analyzed the PG muropeptide composition and glycan chain length distribution of strain 26695 and its amiA mutant. 27447281 11 65 theme longer 1467:1472 arg1 trademarks 1493:1502 trademarks 1493:1502 trademarks of the division site 1493:1523 It is suggested that these longer glycan strands are trademarks of the division site. 27447281 11 65 theme longer 1467:1472 arg1 strands 1481:1487 these longer glycan strands 1461:1487 these longer glycan strands 1461:1487 It is suggested that these longer glycan strands are trademarks of the division site. 27447281 7 66 theme chain 1008:1012 arg1 length 1014:1019 glycan chain length 1001:1019 glycan chain length 1001:1019 Using reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatography, we analyzed the PG muropeptide composition and glycan chain length distribution of strain 26695 and its amiA mutant. 27447281 10 67 theme strands 1412:1418 arg1 increase 1383:1390 an increase 1380:1390 an increase of very long glycan strands in the amiA mutant 1380:1437 This correlated with an increase of very long glycan strands in the amiA mutant. 27447281 2 68 theme Peptidoglycan 261:273 arg1 target 339:344 an excellent target 326:344 an excellent target for the development of new therapeutic strategies 326:394 Peptidoglycan (PG) metabolism is essential to eubacteria, hence, an excellent target for the development of new therapeutic strategies. 27447281 2 68 theme Peptidoglycan 261:273 arg1 metabolism 280:289 Peptidoglycan (PG) metabolism 261:289 Peptidoglycan (PG) metabolism 261:289 Peptidoglycan (PG) metabolism is essential to eubacteria, hence, an excellent target for the development of new therapeutic strategies. 27447281 7 69 theme composition 985:995 arg1 distribution 1021:1032 the PG muropeptide composition and glycan chain length distribution 966:1032 the PG muropeptide composition and glycan chain length distribution of strain 26695 and its amiA mutant 966:1068 Using reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatography, we analyzed the PG muropeptide composition and glycan chain length distribution of strain 26695 and its amiA mutant. 27447281 11 70 theme glycan 1474:1479 arg1 trademarks 1493:1502 trademarks 1493:1502 trademarks of the division site 1493:1523 It is suggested that these longer glycan strands are trademarks of the division site. 27447281 11 70 theme glycan 1474:1479 arg1 strands 1481:1487 these longer glycan strands 1461:1487 these longer glycan strands 1461:1487 It is suggested that these longer glycan strands are trademarks of the division site. 27447281 7 71 theme length 1014:1019 arg1 distribution 1021:1032 the PG muropeptide composition and glycan chain length distribution 966:1032 the PG muropeptide composition and glycan chain length distribution of strain 26695 and its amiA mutant 966:1068 Using reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatography, we analyzed the PG muropeptide composition and glycan chain length distribution of strain 26695 and its amiA mutant. 27447281 12 72 theme shape 1695:1699 arg1 regulation 1701:1710 cell shape regulation 1690:1710 cell shape regulation 1690:1710 Taken together, we show that the low redundancy on genes involved in PG maturation supports H. pylori as an actractive alternative model to study PG metabolism and cell shape regulation. 27447281 10 73 from increase 1383:1390 arg1 mutant 1432:1437 the amiA mutant 1423:1437 the amiA mutant 1423:1437 This correlated with an increase of very long glycan strands in the amiA mutant. 27447281 6 74 dep H. 847:848 arg1 pylori 850:855 H. pylori 847:855 H. pylori 847:855 Interestingly, the amiA mutant was impaired in colonizing the mouse stomach suggesting that AmiA is a valid target in H. pylori for the development of new antibiotics. 27447281 0 75 theme Helicobacter 56:67 arg1 pylori 69:74 Helicobacter pylori 56:74 Helicobacter pylori 56:74 Role of the N-Acetylmuramoyl-l-Alanyl Amidase, AmiA, of Helicobacter pylori in Peptidoglycan Metabolism, Daughter Cell Separation, and Virulence. 27447281 9 76 theme muropeptides 1247:1258 arg1 decrease 1235:1242 a decrease 1233:1242 a decrease 1233:1242 The amiA mutant was also characterized by a decrease of muropeptides carrying 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid residues, which represent the ends of the glycan chains. 27447281 3 77 dep H. 440:441 arg1 pylori 443:448 H. pylori 440:448 H. pylori 440:448 However, our knowledge on PG metabolism in H. pylori remains poor. 27447281 3 78 from knowledge 410:418 arg1 H. 440:441 H. 440:441 H. 440:441 However, our knowledge on PG metabolism in H. pylori remains poor. 27447281 3 78 from knowledge 410:418 arg1 metabolism 426:435 PG metabolism 423:435 PG metabolism 423:435 However, our knowledge on PG metabolism in H. pylori remains poor. 27447281 3 79 theme PG 423:424 arg1 metabolism 426:435 PG metabolism 423:435 PG metabolism 423:435 However, our knowledge on PG metabolism in H. pylori remains poor. 27447281 6 80 theme antibiotics 884:894 arg1 development 865:875 the development 861:875 the development of new antibiotics 861:894 Interestingly, the amiA mutant was impaired in colonizing the mouse stomach suggesting that AmiA is a valid target in H. pylori for the development of new antibiotics. 27447281 8 81 theme dimeric 1169:1175 arg1 muropeptides 1177:1188 dimeric muropeptides 1169:1188 dimeric muropeptides 1169:1188 The analysis showed that H. pylori lacked muropeptides with a degree of cross-linking higher than dimeric muropeptides. 27447281 12 82 theme alternative 1645:1655 arg1 model 1657:1661 an actractive alternative model 1631:1661 an actractive alternative model to study PG metabolism and cell shape regulation 1631:1710 Taken together, we show that the low redundancy on genes involved in PG maturation supports H. pylori as an actractive alternative model to study PG metabolism and cell shape regulation. 27447281 12 82 theme alternative 1645:1655 arg1 H. 1618:1619 H. 1618:1619 H. 1618:1619 Taken together, we show that the low redundancy on genes involved in PG maturation supports H. pylori as an actractive alternative model to study PG metabolism and cell shape regulation. 28341175 7 0 theme thermal 1033:1039 arg1 stability 1041:1049 The thermal stability 1029:1049 The thermal stability 1029:1049 The thermal stability was also improved. 28341175 1 1 theme melt 208:211 arg1 processing 213:222 melt processing 208:222 melt processing 208:222 Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/corn starch blend films with enhanced properties were fabricated by melt processing and montmorillonite (MMT) reinforcing. 28341175 8 2 theme transport 1120:1128 arg1 nanolayers 1078:1087 The MMT nanolayers 1070:1087 The MMT nanolayers 1070:1087 The MMT nanolayers could act as the heat and mass transport barriers and retard the thermal decomposition of the composites. 28341175 8 2 theme transport 1120:1128 arg1 decomposition 1162:1174 the thermal decomposition 1150:1174 the thermal decomposition of the composites 1150:1192 The MMT nanolayers could act as the heat and mass transport barriers and retard the thermal decomposition of the composites. 28341175 8 2 theme transport 1120:1128 arg1 barriers 1130:1137 the heat and mass transport barriers 1102:1137 barriers 1130:1137 The MMT nanolayers could act as the heat and mass transport barriers and retard the thermal decomposition of the composites. 28341175 4 3 theme MMT 616:618 arg1 increase 604:611 the increase 600:611 the increase of MMT 600:618 With the increase of MMT, the glass transition temperature as well as equilibrium torque increased. 28341175 8 4 theme MMT 1074:1076 arg1 heat 1106:1109 the heat and mass transport barriers 1102:1137 heat 1106:1109 The MMT nanolayers could act as the heat and mass transport barriers and retard the thermal decomposition of the composites. 28341175 8 4 theme MMT 1074:1076 arg1 nanolayers 1078:1087 The MMT nanolayers 1070:1087 The MMT nanolayers 1070:1087 The MMT nanolayers could act as the heat and mass transport barriers and retard the thermal decomposition of the composites. 28341175 8 4 theme MMT 1074:1076 arg1 decomposition 1162:1174 the thermal decomposition 1150:1174 the thermal decomposition of the composites 1150:1192 The MMT nanolayers could act as the heat and mass transport barriers and retard the thermal decomposition of the composites. 28341175 8 4 theme MMT 1074:1076 arg1 barriers 1130:1137 the heat and mass transport barriers 1102:1137 barriers 1130:1137 The MMT nanolayers could act as the heat and mass transport barriers and retard the thermal decomposition of the composites. 28341175 5 5 theme restricted 810:819 arg1 swelling 821:828 the restricted swelling 806:828 the restricted swelling of the matrix 806:842 The water sorption decreased and water resistant properties were improved with the incorporation of MMT due to the restricted swelling of the matrix by MMT nanolayers. 28341175 0 6 theme starch 72:77 arg1 blends 79:84 starch blends 72:84 starch blends 72:84 Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of poly (vinyl alcohol)/corn starch blends by nanoclay intercalation. 28341175 3 7 theme lower 490:494 arg1 MMT 486:488 MMT 486:488 MMT lower than 10wt% 486:505 The highly exfoliated MMT nanolayers were randomly dispersed in the matrix containing MMT lower than 10wt%, whereas the intercalated structure was predominant with MMT content higher than 10wt%. 28341175 4 8 theme transition 631:640 arg1 temperature 642:652 the glass transition temperature 621:652 the glass transition temperature as well as equilibrium torque 621:682 With the increase of MMT, the glass transition temperature as well as equilibrium torque increased. 28341175 0 9 theme nanoclay 89:96 arg1 intercalation 98:110 nanoclay intercalation 89:110 nanoclay intercalation 89:110 Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of poly (vinyl alcohol)/corn starch blends by nanoclay intercalation. 28341175 2 10 theme polar 366:370 arg1 groups 385:390 polar SiOSi and OH groups 366:390 polar SiOSi and OH groups of MMT 366:397 It was revealed that strong hydrogen bonding occurred between the abundant OH groups of the matrix and polar SiOSi and OH groups of MMT. 28341175 2 10 theme polar 366:370 arg1 MMT 395:397 MMT 395:397 MMT 395:397 It was revealed that strong hydrogen bonding occurred between the abundant OH groups of the matrix and polar SiOSi and OH groups of MMT. 28341175 2 10 theme polar 366:370 arg1 matrix 355:360 the matrix 351:360 the matrix 351:360 It was revealed that strong hydrogen bonding occurred between the abundant OH groups of the matrix and polar SiOSi and OH groups of MMT. 28341175 6 11 theme strong 982:987 arg1 interaction 989:999 the strong interaction 978:999 the strong interaction between MMT and the matrix 978:1026 Significant improvement in strength and flexibility were observed due to the fine dispersion of the MMT layers and the strong interaction between MMT and the matrix. 28341175 6 12 theme layers 967:972 arg1 interaction 989:999 the strong interaction 978:999 the strong interaction between MMT and the matrix 978:1026 Significant improvement in strength and flexibility were observed due to the fine dispersion of the MMT layers and the strong interaction between MMT and the matrix. 28341175 6 12 theme layers 967:972 arg1 dispersion 945:954 the fine dispersion 936:954 the fine dispersion of the MMT layers 936:972 Significant improvement in strength and flexibility were observed due to the fine dispersion of the MMT layers and the strong interaction between MMT and the matrix. 28341175 0 13 theme poly 46:49 arg1 properties 32:41 Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties 0:41 Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of poly (vinyl alcohol) 0:65 Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of poly (vinyl alcohol)/corn starch blends by nanoclay intercalation. 28341175 8 14 theme mass 1115:1118 arg1 nanolayers 1078:1087 The MMT nanolayers 1070:1087 The MMT nanolayers 1070:1087 The MMT nanolayers could act as the heat and mass transport barriers and retard the thermal decomposition of the composites. 28341175 8 14 theme mass 1115:1118 arg1 decomposition 1162:1174 the thermal decomposition 1150:1174 the thermal decomposition of the composites 1150:1192 The MMT nanolayers could act as the heat and mass transport barriers and retard the thermal decomposition of the composites. 28341175 8 14 theme mass 1115:1118 arg1 barriers 1130:1137 the heat and mass transport barriers 1102:1137 barriers 1130:1137 The MMT nanolayers could act as the heat and mass transport barriers and retard the thermal decomposition of the composites. 28341175 5 15 theme resistant 734:742 arg1 properties 744:753 water resistant properties 728:753 water resistant properties 728:753 The water sorption decreased and water resistant properties were improved with the incorporation of MMT due to the restricted swelling of the matrix by MMT nanolayers. 28341175 5 16 theme MMT 795:797 arg1 incorporation 778:790 the incorporation 774:790 the incorporation of MMT due to the restricted swelling of the matrix 774:842 The water sorption decreased and water resistant properties were improved with the incorporation of MMT due to the restricted swelling of the matrix by MMT nanolayers. 28341175 0 17 theme mechanical 9:18 arg1 properties 32:41 Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties 0:41 Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of poly (vinyl alcohol) 0:65 Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of poly (vinyl alcohol)/corn starch blends by nanoclay intercalation. 28341175 1 18 theme /corn 139:143 arg1 films 158:162 Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/corn starch blend films 113:162 Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/corn starch blend films with enhanced properties 113:187 Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/corn starch blend films with enhanced properties were fabricated by melt processing and montmorillonite (MMT) reinforcing. 28341175 0 19 theme Enhanced 0:7 arg1 properties 32:41 Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties 0:41 Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of poly (vinyl alcohol) 0:65 Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of poly (vinyl alcohol)/corn starch blends by nanoclay intercalation. 28341175 3 20 dep dispersed 451:459 arg1 whereas 508:514 whereas 508:514 whereas 508:514 The highly exfoliated MMT nanolayers were randomly dispersed in the matrix containing MMT lower than 10wt%, whereas the intercalated structure was predominant with MMT content higher than 10wt%. 28341175 2 21 theme OH 338:339 arg1 MMT 395:397 MMT 395:397 MMT 395:397 It was revealed that strong hydrogen bonding occurred between the abundant OH groups of the matrix and polar SiOSi and OH groups of MMT. 28341175 2 21 theme OH 338:339 arg1 groups 341:346 the abundant OH groups 325:346 the abundant OH groups of the matrix 325:360 It was revealed that strong hydrogen bonding occurred between the abundant OH groups of the matrix and polar SiOSi and OH groups of MMT. 28341175 2 21 theme OH 338:339 arg1 matrix 355:360 the matrix 351:360 the matrix 351:360 It was revealed that strong hydrogen bonding occurred between the abundant OH groups of the matrix and polar SiOSi and OH groups of MMT. 28341175 0 22 theme thermal 24:30 arg1 properties 32:41 Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties 0:41 Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of poly (vinyl alcohol) 0:65 Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of poly (vinyl alcohol)/corn starch blends by nanoclay intercalation. 28341175 5 23 theme MMT 847:849 arg1 nanolayers 851:860 MMT nanolayers 847:860 MMT nanolayers 847:860 The water sorption decreased and water resistant properties were improved with the incorporation of MMT due to the restricted swelling of the matrix by MMT nanolayers. 28341175 4 24 theme equilibrium 665:675 arg1 torque 677:682 equilibrium torque 665:682 the glass transition temperature as well as equilibrium torque 621:682 With the increase of MMT, the glass transition temperature as well as equilibrium torque increased. 28341175 2 25 theme SiOSi 372:376 arg1 groups 385:390 polar SiOSi and OH groups 366:390 polar SiOSi and OH groups of MMT 366:397 It was revealed that strong hydrogen bonding occurred between the abundant OH groups of the matrix and polar SiOSi and OH groups of MMT. 28341175 2 25 theme SiOSi 372:376 arg1 MMT 395:397 MMT 395:397 MMT 395:397 It was revealed that strong hydrogen bonding occurred between the abundant OH groups of the matrix and polar SiOSi and OH groups of MMT. 28341175 2 25 theme SiOSi 372:376 arg1 matrix 355:360 the matrix 351:360 the matrix 351:360 It was revealed that strong hydrogen bonding occurred between the abundant OH groups of the matrix and polar SiOSi and OH groups of MMT. 28341175 1 26 theme vinyl 119:123 arg1 Poly 113:116 Poly 113:116 Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/corn starch blend films with enhanced properties 113:187 Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/corn starch blend films with enhanced properties were fabricated by melt processing and montmorillonite (MMT) reinforcing. 28341175 1 26 theme vinyl 119:123 arg1 alcohol 125:131 vinyl alcohol 119:131 vinyl alcohol 119:131 Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/corn starch blend films with enhanced properties were fabricated by melt processing and montmorillonite (MMT) reinforcing. 28341175 5 27 theme water 699:703 arg1 sorption 705:712 The water sorption 695:712 The water sorption 695:712 The water sorption decreased and water resistant properties were improved with the incorporation of MMT due to the restricted swelling of the matrix by MMT nanolayers. 28341175 5 28 theme matrix 837:842 arg1 swelling 821:828 the restricted swelling 806:828 the restricted swelling of the matrix 806:842 The water sorption decreased and water resistant properties were improved with the incorporation of MMT due to the restricted swelling of the matrix by MMT nanolayers. 28341175 8 29 theme composites 1183:1192 arg1 heat 1106:1109 the heat and mass transport barriers 1102:1137 heat 1106:1109 The MMT nanolayers could act as the heat and mass transport barriers and retard the thermal decomposition of the composites. 28341175 8 29 theme composites 1183:1192 arg1 nanolayers 1078:1087 The MMT nanolayers 1070:1087 The MMT nanolayers 1070:1087 The MMT nanolayers could act as the heat and mass transport barriers and retard the thermal decomposition of the composites. 28341175 8 29 theme composites 1183:1192 arg1 decomposition 1162:1174 the thermal decomposition 1150:1174 the thermal decomposition of the composites 1150:1192 The MMT nanolayers could act as the heat and mass transport barriers and retard the thermal decomposition of the composites. 28341175 8 29 theme composites 1183:1192 arg1 barriers 1130:1137 the heat and mass transport barriers 1102:1137 barriers 1130:1137 The MMT nanolayers could act as the heat and mass transport barriers and retard the thermal decomposition of the composites. 28341175 3 30 theme intercalated 520:531 arg1 predominant 547:557 predominant 547:557 predominant 547:557 The highly exfoliated MMT nanolayers were randomly dispersed in the matrix containing MMT lower than 10wt%, whereas the intercalated structure was predominant with MMT content higher than 10wt%. 28341175 3 30 theme intercalated 520:531 arg1 structure 533:541 the intercalated structure 516:541 the intercalated structure 516:541 The highly exfoliated MMT nanolayers were randomly dispersed in the matrix containing MMT lower than 10wt%, whereas the intercalated structure was predominant with MMT content higher than 10wt%. 28341175 1 31 theme starch 145:150 arg1 films 158:162 Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/corn starch blend films 113:162 Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/corn starch blend films with enhanced properties 113:187 Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/corn starch blend films with enhanced properties were fabricated by melt processing and montmorillonite (MMT) reinforcing. 28341175 6 32 theme MMT 963:965 arg1 layers 967:972 the MMT layers 959:972 the MMT layers 959:972 Significant improvement in strength and flexibility were observed due to the fine dispersion of the MMT layers and the strong interaction between MMT and the matrix. 28341175 3 33 contain containing 475:484 arg1 matrix 468:473 the matrix 464:473 the matrix containing MMT lower than 10wt% 464:505 The highly exfoliated MMT nanolayers were randomly dispersed in the matrix containing MMT lower than 10wt%, whereas the intercalated structure was predominant with MMT content higher than 10wt%. 28341175 3 33 contain containing 475:484 arg2 MMT 486:488 MMT 486:488 MMT lower than 10wt% 486:505 The highly exfoliated MMT nanolayers were randomly dispersed in the matrix containing MMT lower than 10wt%, whereas the intercalated structure was predominant with MMT content higher than 10wt%. 28341175 1 34 with films 158:162 arg1 properties 178:187 enhanced properties 169:187 enhanced properties 169:187 Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/corn starch blend films with enhanced properties were fabricated by melt processing and montmorillonite (MMT) reinforcing. 28341175 2 35 theme OH 382:383 arg1 groups 385:390 polar SiOSi and OH groups 366:390 polar SiOSi and OH groups of MMT 366:397 It was revealed that strong hydrogen bonding occurred between the abundant OH groups of the matrix and polar SiOSi and OH groups of MMT. 28341175 2 35 theme OH 382:383 arg1 MMT 395:397 MMT 395:397 MMT 395:397 It was revealed that strong hydrogen bonding occurred between the abundant OH groups of the matrix and polar SiOSi and OH groups of MMT. 28341175 2 35 theme OH 382:383 arg1 matrix 355:360 the matrix 351:360 the matrix 351:360 It was revealed that strong hydrogen bonding occurred between the abundant OH groups of the matrix and polar SiOSi and OH groups of MMT. 28341175 2 36 theme matrix 355:360 arg1 groups 385:390 polar SiOSi and OH groups 366:390 polar SiOSi and OH groups of MMT 366:397 It was revealed that strong hydrogen bonding occurred between the abundant OH groups of the matrix and polar SiOSi and OH groups of MMT. 28341175 2 36 theme matrix 355:360 arg1 MMT 395:397 MMT 395:397 MMT 395:397 It was revealed that strong hydrogen bonding occurred between the abundant OH groups of the matrix and polar SiOSi and OH groups of MMT. 28341175 2 36 theme matrix 355:360 arg1 groups 341:346 the abundant OH groups 325:346 the abundant OH groups of the matrix 325:360 It was revealed that strong hydrogen bonding occurred between the abundant OH groups of the matrix and polar SiOSi and OH groups of MMT. 28341175 2 36 theme matrix 355:360 arg1 matrix 355:360 the matrix 351:360 the matrix 351:360 It was revealed that strong hydrogen bonding occurred between the abundant OH groups of the matrix and polar SiOSi and OH groups of MMT. 28341175 6 37 theme Significant 863:873 arg1 improvement 875:885 Significant improvement 863:885 Significant improvement in strength and flexibility 863:913 Significant improvement in strength and flexibility were observed due to the fine dispersion of the MMT layers and the strong interaction between MMT and the matrix. 28341175 3 38 theme higher 576:581 arg1 content 568:574 MMT content 564:574 MMT content higher than 10wt% 564:592 The highly exfoliated MMT nanolayers were randomly dispersed in the matrix containing MMT lower than 10wt%, whereas the intercalated structure was predominant with MMT content higher than 10wt%. 28341175 4 39 theme glass 625:629 arg1 temperature 642:652 the glass transition temperature 621:652 the glass transition temperature as well as equilibrium torque 621:682 With the increase of MMT, the glass transition temperature as well as equilibrium torque increased. 28341175 2 40 theme MMT 395:397 arg1 groups 385:390 polar SiOSi and OH groups 366:390 polar SiOSi and OH groups of MMT 366:397 It was revealed that strong hydrogen bonding occurred between the abundant OH groups of the matrix and polar SiOSi and OH groups of MMT. 28341175 2 40 theme MMT 395:397 arg1 MMT 395:397 MMT 395:397 MMT 395:397 It was revealed that strong hydrogen bonding occurred between the abundant OH groups of the matrix and polar SiOSi and OH groups of MMT. 28341175 2 40 theme MMT 395:397 arg1 groups 341:346 the abundant OH groups 325:346 the abundant OH groups of the matrix 325:360 It was revealed that strong hydrogen bonding occurred between the abundant OH groups of the matrix and polar SiOSi and OH groups of MMT. 28341175 2 40 theme MMT 395:397 arg1 matrix 355:360 the matrix 351:360 the matrix 351:360 It was revealed that strong hydrogen bonding occurred between the abundant OH groups of the matrix and polar SiOSi and OH groups of MMT. 28341175 3 41 theme exfoliated 411:420 arg1 nanolayers 426:435 The highly exfoliated MMT nanolayers 400:435 The highly exfoliated MMT nanolayers 400:435 The highly exfoliated MMT nanolayers were randomly dispersed in the matrix containing MMT lower than 10wt%, whereas the intercalated structure was predominant with MMT content higher than 10wt%. 28341175 2 42 theme hydrogen 291:298 arg1 bonding 300:306 strong hydrogen bonding 284:306 strong hydrogen bonding 284:306 It was revealed that strong hydrogen bonding occurred between the abundant OH groups of the matrix and polar SiOSi and OH groups of MMT. 28341175 6 43 from improvement 875:885 arg1 strength 890:897 strength 890:897 strength 890:897 Significant improvement in strength and flexibility were observed due to the fine dispersion of the MMT layers and the strong interaction between MMT and the matrix. 28341175 6 43 from improvement 875:885 arg1 flexibility 903:913 flexibility 903:913 flexibility 903:913 Significant improvement in strength and flexibility were observed due to the fine dispersion of the MMT layers and the strong interaction between MMT and the matrix. 28341175 8 44 theme thermal 1154:1160 arg1 heat 1106:1109 the heat and mass transport barriers 1102:1137 heat 1106:1109 The MMT nanolayers could act as the heat and mass transport barriers and retard the thermal decomposition of the composites. 28341175 8 44 theme thermal 1154:1160 arg1 nanolayers 1078:1087 The MMT nanolayers 1070:1087 The MMT nanolayers 1070:1087 The MMT nanolayers could act as the heat and mass transport barriers and retard the thermal decomposition of the composites. 28341175 8 44 theme thermal 1154:1160 arg1 decomposition 1162:1174 the thermal decomposition 1150:1174 the thermal decomposition of the composites 1150:1192 The MMT nanolayers could act as the heat and mass transport barriers and retard the thermal decomposition of the composites. 28341175 8 44 theme thermal 1154:1160 arg1 barriers 1130:1137 the heat and mass transport barriers 1102:1137 barriers 1130:1137 The MMT nanolayers could act as the heat and mass transport barriers and retard the thermal decomposition of the composites. 28341175 1 45 theme Poly 113:116 arg1 films 158:162 Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/corn starch blend films 113:162 Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/corn starch blend films with enhanced properties 113:187 Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/corn starch blend films with enhanced properties were fabricated by melt processing and montmorillonite (MMT) reinforcing. 28341175 3 46 theme MMT 564:566 arg1 content 568:574 MMT content 564:574 MMT content higher than 10wt% 564:592 The highly exfoliated MMT nanolayers were randomly dispersed in the matrix containing MMT lower than 10wt%, whereas the intercalated structure was predominant with MMT content higher than 10wt%. 28341175 3 47 theme MMT 422:424 arg1 nanolayers 426:435 The highly exfoliated MMT nanolayers 400:435 The highly exfoliated MMT nanolayers 400:435 The highly exfoliated MMT nanolayers were randomly dispersed in the matrix containing MMT lower than 10wt%, whereas the intercalated structure was predominant with MMT content higher than 10wt%. 28341175 2 48 theme strong 284:289 arg1 bonding 300:306 strong hydrogen bonding 284:306 strong hydrogen bonding 284:306 It was revealed that strong hydrogen bonding occurred between the abundant OH groups of the matrix and polar SiOSi and OH groups of MMT. 28341175 1 49 theme enhanced 169:176 arg1 properties 178:187 enhanced properties 169:187 enhanced properties 169:187 Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/corn starch blend films with enhanced properties were fabricated by melt processing and montmorillonite (MMT) reinforcing. 28341175 1 50 theme blend 152:156 arg1 films 158:162 Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/corn starch blend films 113:162 Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/corn starch blend films with enhanced properties 113:187 Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/corn starch blend films with enhanced properties were fabricated by melt processing and montmorillonite (MMT) reinforcing. 28341175 2 51 theme abundant 329:336 arg1 MMT 395:397 MMT 395:397 MMT 395:397 It was revealed that strong hydrogen bonding occurred between the abundant OH groups of the matrix and polar SiOSi and OH groups of MMT. 28341175 2 51 theme abundant 329:336 arg1 groups 341:346 the abundant OH groups 325:346 the abundant OH groups of the matrix 325:360 It was revealed that strong hydrogen bonding occurred between the abundant OH groups of the matrix and polar SiOSi and OH groups of MMT. 28341175 2 51 theme abundant 329:336 arg1 matrix 355:360 the matrix 351:360 the matrix 351:360 It was revealed that strong hydrogen bonding occurred between the abundant OH groups of the matrix and polar SiOSi and OH groups of MMT. 28341175 3 52 with predominant 547:557 arg1 content 568:574 MMT content 564:574 MMT content higher than 10wt% 564:592 The highly exfoliated MMT nanolayers were randomly dispersed in the matrix containing MMT lower than 10wt%, whereas the intercalated structure was predominant with MMT content higher than 10wt%. 28341175 6 53 theme fine 940:943 arg1 dispersion 945:954 the fine dispersion 936:954 the fine dispersion of the MMT layers 936:972 Significant improvement in strength and flexibility were observed due to the fine dispersion of the MMT layers and the strong interaction between MMT and the matrix. 28341175 0 54 theme vinyl 52:56 arg1 poly 46:49 poly 46:49 poly (vinyl alcohol) 46:65 Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of poly (vinyl alcohol)/corn starch blends by nanoclay intercalation. 28341175 0 54 theme vinyl 52:56 arg1 alcohol 58:64 vinyl alcohol 52:64 vinyl alcohol 52:64 Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of poly (vinyl alcohol)/corn starch blends by nanoclay intercalation. 28341175 5 55 theme water 728:732 arg1 properties 744:753 water resistant properties 728:753 water resistant properties 728:753 The water sorption decreased and water resistant properties were improved with the incorporation of MMT due to the restricted swelling of the matrix by MMT nanolayers. 24183686 3 0 theme chromatography-mass 956:974 arg1 spectrometry 976:987 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 952:987 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 952:987 Cheeses were characterized based on compositional, microbiological, biochemical, texture, volatile components (purge and trap, and solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry), and sensory analyses. 24183686 7 1 theme cheeses 1300:1306 arg1 Hardness 1288:1295 Hardness 1288:1295 Hardness of cheeses 1288:1306 Hardness of cheeses slightly varied over 7d of ripening. 24183686 9 2 theme LFC 1517:1519 arg1 treatments 1521:1530 LFC treatments 1517:1530 LFC treatments (2,705.8 ± 122 to 3,070.4 ± 123 mg/kg) due to the addition of MWPC 1517:1597 Free amino acids were at the highest levels in LFC treatments (2,705.8 ± 122 to 3,070.4 ± 123 mg/kg) due to the addition of MWPC and the peptidase activity of adjunct cultures. 24183686 9 2 theme LFC 1517:1519 arg1 mg/kg 1564:1568 2,705.8 ± 122 to 3,070.4 ± 123 mg/kg 1533:1568 2,705.8 ± 122 to 3,070.4 ± 123 mg/kg 1533:1568 Free amino acids were at the highest levels in LFC treatments (2,705.8 ± 122 to 3,070.4 ± 123 mg/kg) due to the addition of MWPC and the peptidase activity of adjunct cultures. 24183686 9 3 from activity 1617:1624 arg1 treatments 1521:1530 LFC treatments 1517:1530 LFC treatments (2,705.8 ± 122 to 3,070.4 ± 123 mg/kg) due to the addition of MWPC 1517:1597 Free amino acids were at the highest levels in LFC treatments (2,705.8 ± 122 to 3,070.4 ± 123 mg/kg) due to the addition of MWPC and the peptidase activity of adjunct cultures. 24183686 9 3 from activity 1617:1624 arg1 mg/kg 1564:1568 2,705.8 ± 122 to 3,070.4 ± 123 mg/kg 1533:1568 2,705.8 ± 122 to 3,070.4 ± 123 mg/kg 1533:1568 Free amino acids were at the highest levels in LFC treatments (2,705.8 ± 122 to 3,070.4 ± 123 mg/kg) due to the addition of MWPC and the peptidase activity of adjunct cultures. 24183686 4 4 theme other 1072:1076 arg1 variants 1085:1092 the other cheese variants 1068:1092 the other cheese variants 1068:1092 Compared with FFC and LFC (51.6 ± 0.7 to 53.0 ± 0.9%), the other cheese variants retained higher levels of moisture (60.5 ± 1.1 to 67.5 ± 0.5%). 24183686 1 5 theme Streptococcus 439:451 arg1 LFC-MWPC-EPS 473:484 LFC-MWPC-EPS 473:484 LFC-MWPC-EPS 473:484 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses were manufactured with partially skim milk (fat content of ~0.3%) alone (LFC); with the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); with MWPC and exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS); and with MWPC, EPS-producing strain ST446, and Lactobacillus plantarum LP and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRA as adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A). 24183686 1 5 theme Streptococcus 439:451 arg1 ST446 466:470 Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 439:470 Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS) 439:485 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses were manufactured with partially skim milk (fat content of ~0.3%) alone (LFC); with the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); with MWPC and exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS); and with MWPC, EPS-producing strain ST446, and Lactobacillus plantarum LP and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRA as adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A). 24183686 9 6 theme ± 1541:1541 arg1 treatments 1521:1530 LFC treatments 1517:1530 LFC treatments (2,705.8 ± 122 to 3,070.4 ± 123 mg/kg) due to the addition of MWPC 1517:1597 Free amino acids were at the highest levels in LFC treatments (2,705.8 ± 122 to 3,070.4 ± 123 mg/kg) due to the addition of MWPC and the peptidase activity of adjunct cultures. 24183686 9 6 theme ± 1541:1541 arg1 mg/kg 1564:1568 2,705.8 ± 122 to 3,070.4 ± 123 mg/kg 1533:1568 2,705.8 ± 122 to 3,070.4 ± 123 mg/kg 1533:1568 Free amino acids were at the highest levels in LFC treatments (2,705.8 ± 122 to 3,070.4 ± 123 mg/kg) due to the addition of MWPC and the peptidase activity of adjunct cultures. 24183686 4 7 theme ± 1059:1059 arg1 % 1064:1064 53.0 ± 0.9% 1054:1064 51.6 ± 0.7 to 53.0 ± 0.9% 1040:1064 Compared with FFC and LFC (51.6 ± 0.7 to 53.0 ± 0.9%), the other cheese variants retained higher levels of moisture (60.5 ± 1.1 to 67.5 ± 0.5%). 24183686 0 8 theme low-fat 139:145 arg1 cheese 169:174 low-fat Italian Caciotta-type cheese 139:174 low-fat Italian Caciotta-type cheese 139:174 Use of microparticulated whey protein concentrate, exopolysaccharide-producing Streptococcus thermophilus, and adjunct cultures for making low-fat Italian Caciotta-type cheese. 24183686 0 9 theme Caciotta-type 155:167 arg1 cheese 169:174 low-fat Italian Caciotta-type cheese 139:174 low-fat Italian Caciotta-type cheese 139:174 Use of microparticulated whey protein concentrate, exopolysaccharide-producing Streptococcus thermophilus, and adjunct cultures for making low-fat Italian Caciotta-type cheese. 24183686 1 10 theme fat 251:253 arg1 content 255:261 fat content 251:261 fat content of ~0.3% 251:270 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses were manufactured with partially skim milk (fat content of ~0.3%) alone (LFC); with the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); with MWPC and exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS); and with MWPC, EPS-producing strain ST446, and Lactobacillus plantarum LP and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRA as adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A). 24183686 9 11 theme due 1571:1573 arg1 treatments 1521:1530 LFC treatments 1517:1530 LFC treatments (2,705.8 ± 122 to 3,070.4 ± 123 mg/kg) due to the addition of MWPC 1517:1597 Free amino acids were at the highest levels in LFC treatments (2,705.8 ± 122 to 3,070.4 ± 123 mg/kg) due to the addition of MWPC and the peptidase activity of adjunct cultures. 24183686 9 11 theme due 1571:1573 arg1 mg/kg 1564:1568 2,705.8 ± 122 to 3,070.4 ± 123 mg/kg 1533:1568 2,705.8 ± 122 to 3,070.4 ± 123 mg/kg 1533:1568 Free amino acids were at the highest levels in LFC treatments (2,705.8 ± 122 to 3,070.4 ± 123 mg/kg) due to the addition of MWPC and the peptidase activity of adjunct cultures. 24183686 8 12 theme Microbial 1345:1353 arg1 EPS 1355:1357 Microbial EPS 1345:1357 Microbial EPS 1345:1357 Microbial EPS positively affected cheese texture, and the texture of LFC without MWPC or microbial EPS was excessively firm. 24183686 9 13 dep 3,070.4 1550:1556 arg1 to 1547:1548 to 1547:1548 to 1547:1548 Free amino acids were at the highest levels in LFC treatments (2,705.8 ± 122 to 3,070.4 ± 123 mg/kg) due to the addition of MWPC and the peptidase activity of adjunct cultures. 24183686 1 14 theme Low-fat 177:183 arg1 cultures 605:612 adjunct cultures 597:612 adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A) 597:629 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses were manufactured with partially skim milk (fat content of ~0.3%) alone (LFC); with the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); with MWPC and exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS); and with MWPC, EPS-producing strain ST446, and Lactobacillus plantarum LP and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRA as adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A). 24183686 1 14 theme Low-fat 177:183 arg1 cheeses 199:205 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses 177:205 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses 177:205 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses were manufactured with partially skim milk (fat content of ~0.3%) alone (LFC); with the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); with MWPC and exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS); and with MWPC, EPS-producing strain ST446, and Lactobacillus plantarum LP and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRA as adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A). 24183686 1 15 dep Streptococcus 439:451 arg1 thermophilus 453:464 thermophilus 453:464 thermophilus 453:464 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses were manufactured with partially skim milk (fat content of ~0.3%) alone (LFC); with the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); with MWPC and exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS); and with MWPC, EPS-producing strain ST446, and Lactobacillus plantarum LP and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRA as adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A). 24183686 4 16 theme higher 1103:1108 arg1 levels 1110:1115 higher levels 1103:1115 higher levels of moisture 1103:1127 Compared with FFC and LFC (51.6 ± 0.7 to 53.0 ± 0.9%), the other cheese variants retained higher levels of moisture (60.5 ± 1.1 to 67.5 ± 0.5%). 24183686 8 17 theme cheese 1379:1384 arg1 texture 1386:1392 cheese texture 1379:1392 cheese texture 1379:1392 Microbial EPS positively affected cheese texture, and the texture of LFC without MWPC or microbial EPS was excessively firm. 24183686 12 18 theme promising 2037:2045 arg1 features 2047:2054 promising features 2037:2054 promising features 2037:2054 Based on the technology options used, low-fat Caciotta-type cheese (especially ripened for 14 d) has promising features to be further exploited as a suitable alternative to the full-fat variant. 24183686 6 19 theme ± 1261:1261 arg1 fat 1276:1278 the fat 1272:1278 the fat of FFC 1272:1285 Overall, all LFC had approximately one-fourth (22.6 ± 0.8%) of the fat of FFC. 24183686 6 19 theme ± 1261:1261 arg1 % 1266:1266 22.6 ± 0.8% 1256:1266 22.6 ± 0.8% 1256:1266 Overall, all LFC had approximately one-fourth (22.6 ± 0.8%) of the fat of FFC. 24183686 6 19 theme ± 1261:1261 arg1 one-fourth 1244:1253 one-fourth 1244:1253 one-fourth 1244:1253 Overall, all LFC had approximately one-fourth (22.6 ± 0.8%) of the fat of FFC. 24183686 1 20 theme whey 346:349 arg1 MWPC 372:375 MWPC 372:375 MWPC 372:375 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses were manufactured with partially skim milk (fat content of ~0.3%) alone (LFC); with the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); with MWPC and exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS); and with MWPC, EPS-producing strain ST446, and Lactobacillus plantarum LP and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRA as adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A). 24183686 1 20 theme whey 346:349 arg1 LFC-MWPC 379:386 LFC-MWPC 379:386 LFC-MWPC 379:386 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses were manufactured with partially skim milk (fat content of ~0.3%) alone (LFC); with the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); with MWPC and exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS); and with MWPC, EPS-producing strain ST446, and Lactobacillus plantarum LP and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRA as adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A). 24183686 1 20 theme whey 346:349 arg1 concentrate 359:369 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate 314:369 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); 314:388 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses were manufactured with partially skim milk (fat content of ~0.3%) alone (LFC); with the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); with MWPC and exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS); and with MWPC, EPS-producing strain ST446, and Lactobacillus plantarum LP and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRA as adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A). 24183686 12 21 contain has 2033:2035 arg2 features 2047:2054 promising features 2037:2054 promising features 2037:2054 Based on the technology options used, low-fat Caciotta-type cheese (especially ripened for 14 d) has promising features to be further exploited as a suitable alternative to the full-fat variant. 24183686 12 21 contain has 2033:2035 arg1 cheese 1996:2001 low-fat Caciotta-type cheese 1974:2001 low-fat Caciotta-type cheese (especially ripened for 14 d) 1974:2031 Based on the technology options used, low-fat Caciotta-type cheese (especially ripened for 14 d) has promising features to be further exploited as a suitable alternative to the full-fat variant. 24183686 12 22 theme low-fat 1974:1980 arg1 cheese 1996:2001 low-fat Caciotta-type cheese 1974:2001 low-fat Caciotta-type cheese (especially ripened for 14 d) 1974:2031 Based on the technology options used, low-fat Caciotta-type cheese (especially ripened for 14 d) has promising features to be further exploited as a suitable alternative to the full-fat variant. 24183686 1 23 theme EPS-producing 503:515 arg1 strain 517:522 EPS-producing strain ST446 503:528 EPS-producing strain ST446 503:528 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses were manufactured with partially skim milk (fat content of ~0.3%) alone (LFC); with the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); with MWPC and exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS); and with MWPC, EPS-producing strain ST446, and Lactobacillus plantarum LP and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRA as adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A). 24183686 2 24 used used 708:711 arg2 ST042 698:702 The non-EPS-producing isogenic variant Streptococcus thermophilus ST042 632:702 The non-EPS-producing isogenic variant Streptococcus thermophilus ST042 632:702 The non-EPS-producing isogenic variant Streptococcus thermophilus ST042 was used for making full-fat Caciotta-type cheese (FFC), LFC, and LFC-MWPC. 24183686 1 25 theme concentrate 359:369 arg1 supplementation 295:309 the supplementation 291:309 the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); with MWPC and exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS) 291:485 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses were manufactured with partially skim milk (fat content of ~0.3%) alone (LFC); with the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); with MWPC and exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS); and with MWPC, EPS-producing strain ST446, and Lactobacillus plantarum LP and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRA as adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A). 24183686 3 26 theme volatile 870:877 arg1 trap 901:904 trap 901:904 trap 901:904 Cheeses were characterized based on compositional, microbiological, biochemical, texture, volatile components (purge and trap, and solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry), and sensory analyses. 24183686 3 26 theme volatile 870:877 arg1 purge 891:895 purge 891:895 purge 891:895 Cheeses were characterized based on compositional, microbiological, biochemical, texture, volatile components (purge and trap, and solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry), and sensory analyses. 24183686 3 26 theme volatile 870:877 arg1 components 879:888 volatile components 870:888 volatile components (purge and trap, and solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) 870:988 Cheeses were characterized based on compositional, microbiological, biochemical, texture, volatile components (purge and trap, and solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry), and sensory analyses. 24183686 3 26 theme volatile 870:877 arg1 microextraction 923:937 solid-phase microextraction 911:937 solid-phase microextraction 911:937 Cheeses were characterized based on compositional, microbiological, biochemical, texture, volatile components (purge and trap, and solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry), and sensory analyses. 24183686 9 27 theme peptidase 1607:1615 arg1 activity 1617:1624 the peptidase activity 1603:1624 the peptidase activity of adjunct cultures 1603:1644 Free amino acids were at the highest levels in LFC treatments (2,705.8 ± 122 to 3,070.4 ± 123 mg/kg) due to the addition of MWPC and the peptidase activity of adjunct cultures. 24183686 2 28 theme isogenic 654:661 arg1 variant 663:669 non-EPS-producing isogenic variant 636:669 The non-EPS-producing isogenic variant Streptococcus thermophilus ST042 632:702 The non-EPS-producing isogenic variant Streptococcus thermophilus ST042 was used for making full-fat Caciotta-type cheese (FFC), LFC, and LFC-MWPC. 24183686 0 29 theme microparticulated 7:23 arg1 concentrate 38:48 microparticulated whey protein concentrate 7:48 microparticulated whey protein concentrate 7:48 Use of microparticulated whey protein concentrate, exopolysaccharide-producing Streptococcus thermophilus, and adjunct cultures for making low-fat Italian Caciotta-type cheese. 24183686 9 30 theme cultures 1637:1644 arg1 levels 1507:1512 the highest levels 1495:1512 the highest levels in LFC treatments (2,705.8 ± 122 to 3,070.4 ± 123 mg/kg) due to the addition of MWPC 1495:1597 Free amino acids were at the highest levels in LFC treatments (2,705.8 ± 122 to 3,070.4 ± 123 mg/kg) due to the addition of MWPC and the peptidase activity of adjunct cultures. 24183686 9 30 theme cultures 1637:1644 arg1 activity 1617:1624 the peptidase activity 1603:1624 the peptidase activity of adjunct cultures 1603:1644 Free amino acids were at the highest levels in LFC treatments (2,705.8 ± 122 to 3,070.4 ± 123 mg/kg) due to the addition of MWPC and the peptidase activity of adjunct cultures. 24183686 6 31 theme FFC 1283:1285 arg1 fat 1276:1278 the fat 1272:1278 the fat of FFC 1272:1285 Overall, all LFC had approximately one-fourth (22.6 ± 0.8%) of the fat of FFC. 24183686 0 32 theme protein 30:36 arg1 concentrate 38:48 microparticulated whey protein concentrate 7:48 microparticulated whey protein concentrate 7:48 Use of microparticulated whey protein concentrate, exopolysaccharide-producing Streptococcus thermophilus, and adjunct cultures for making low-fat Italian Caciotta-type cheese. 24183686 0 33 theme Streptococcus 79:91 arg1 thermophilus 93:104 exopolysaccharide-producing Streptococcus thermophilus 51:104 exopolysaccharide-producing Streptococcus thermophilus 51:104 Use of microparticulated whey protein concentrate, exopolysaccharide-producing Streptococcus thermophilus, and adjunct cultures for making low-fat Italian Caciotta-type cheese. 24183686 6 34 theme fat 1276:1278 arg1 fat 1276:1278 the fat 1272:1278 the fat of FFC 1272:1285 Overall, all LFC had approximately one-fourth (22.6 ± 0.8%) of the fat of FFC. 24183686 6 34 theme fat 1276:1278 arg1 % 1266:1266 22.6 ± 0.8% 1256:1266 22.6 ± 0.8% 1256:1266 Overall, all LFC had approximately one-fourth (22.6 ± 0.8%) of the fat of FFC. 24183686 6 34 theme fat 1276:1278 arg1 one-fourth 1244:1253 one-fourth 1244:1253 one-fourth 1244:1253 Overall, all LFC had approximately one-fourth (22.6 ± 0.8%) of the fat of FFC. 24183686 9 35 theme Free 1470:1473 arg1 acids 1481:1485 Free amino acids 1470:1485 Free amino acids 1470:1485 Free amino acids were at the highest levels in LFC treatments (2,705.8 ± 122 to 3,070.4 ± 123 mg/kg) due to the addition of MWPC and the peptidase activity of adjunct cultures. 24183686 3 36 theme solid-phase 911:921 arg1 microextraction 923:937 solid-phase microextraction 911:937 solid-phase microextraction 911:937 Cheeses were characterized based on compositional, microbiological, biochemical, texture, volatile components (purge and trap, and solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry), and sensory analyses. 24183686 3 36 theme solid-phase 911:921 arg1 components 879:888 volatile components 870:888 volatile components (purge and trap, and solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) 870:988 Cheeses were characterized based on compositional, microbiological, biochemical, texture, volatile components (purge and trap, and solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry), and sensory analyses. 24183686 1 37 dep Lactobacillus 535:547 arg1 plantarum 549:557 plantarum 549:557 plantarum 549:557 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses were manufactured with partially skim milk (fat content of ~0.3%) alone (LFC); with the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); with MWPC and exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS); and with MWPC, EPS-producing strain ST446, and Lactobacillus plantarum LP and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRA as adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A). 24183686 10 38 theme sulfur 1677:1682 arg1 compounds 1684:1692 sulfur compounds 1677:1692 sulfur compounds 1677:1692 Aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, sulfur compounds, and short- to medium-chain carboxylic acids differentiated LFC variants and FFC. 24183686 12 39 theme Caciotta-type 1982:1994 arg1 cheese 1996:2001 low-fat Caciotta-type cheese 1974:2001 low-fat Caciotta-type cheese (especially ripened for 14 d) 1974:2031 Based on the technology options used, low-fat Caciotta-type cheese (especially ripened for 14 d) has promising features to be further exploited as a suitable alternative to the full-fat variant. 24183686 4 40 dep ± 1135:1135 arg1 to 1141:1142 to 1141:1142 to 1141:1142 Compared with FFC and LFC (51.6 ± 0.7 to 53.0 ± 0.9%), the other cheese variants retained higher levels of moisture (60.5 ± 1.1 to 67.5 ± 0.5%). 24183686 3 41 theme gas 952:954 arg1 spectrometry 976:987 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 952:987 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 952:987 Cheeses were characterized based on compositional, microbiological, biochemical, texture, volatile components (purge and trap, and solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry), and sensory analyses. 24183686 10 42 theme medium-chain 1709:1720 arg1 acids 1733:1737 medium-chain carboxylic acids 1709:1737 medium-chain carboxylic acids 1709:1737 Aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, sulfur compounds, and short- to medium-chain carboxylic acids differentiated LFC variants and FFC. 24183686 7 43 theme ripening 1335:1342 arg1 7d 1329:1330 7d 1329:1330 7d of ripening 1329:1342 Hardness of cheeses slightly varied over 7d of ripening. 24183686 9 44 theme highest 1499:1505 arg1 levels 1507:1512 the highest levels 1495:1512 the highest levels in LFC treatments (2,705.8 ± 122 to 3,070.4 ± 123 mg/kg) due to the addition of MWPC 1495:1597 Free amino acids were at the highest levels in LFC treatments (2,705.8 ± 122 to 3,070.4 ± 123 mg/kg) due to the addition of MWPC and the peptidase activity of adjunct cultures. 24183686 1 45 dep Lactobacillus 566:578 arg1 LRA 590:592 Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRA 566:592 Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRA 566:592 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses were manufactured with partially skim milk (fat content of ~0.3%) alone (LFC); with the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); with MWPC and exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS); and with MWPC, EPS-producing strain ST446, and Lactobacillus plantarum LP and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRA as adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A). 24183686 1 46 with supplementation 295:309 arg1 EPS 424:426 EPS 424:426 EPS 424:426 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses were manufactured with partially skim milk (fat content of ~0.3%) alone (LFC); with the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); with MWPC and exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS); and with MWPC, EPS-producing strain ST446, and Lactobacillus plantarum LP and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRA as adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A). 24183686 1 46 with supplementation 295:309 arg1 exopolysaccharides 404:421 exopolysaccharides 404:421 exopolysaccharides (EPS) 404:427 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses were manufactured with partially skim milk (fat content of ~0.3%) alone (LFC); with the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); with MWPC and exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS); and with MWPC, EPS-producing strain ST446, and Lactobacillus plantarum LP and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRA as adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A). 24183686 1 46 with supplementation 295:309 arg1 MWPC 395:398 MWPC 395:398 MWPC 395:398 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses were manufactured with partially skim milk (fat content of ~0.3%) alone (LFC); with the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); with MWPC and exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS); and with MWPC, EPS-producing strain ST446, and Lactobacillus plantarum LP and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRA as adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A). 24183686 2 47 theme Caciotta-type 733:745 arg1 FFC 755:757 FFC 755:757 FFC 755:757 The non-EPS-producing isogenic variant Streptococcus thermophilus ST042 was used for making full-fat Caciotta-type cheese (FFC), LFC, and LFC-MWPC. 24183686 2 47 theme Caciotta-type 733:745 arg1 cheese 747:752 full-fat Caciotta-type cheese 724:752 full-fat Caciotta-type cheese (FFC) 724:758 The non-EPS-producing isogenic variant Streptococcus thermophilus ST042 was used for making full-fat Caciotta-type cheese (FFC), LFC, and LFC-MWPC. 24183686 10 48 theme LFC 1754:1756 arg1 variants 1758:1765 LFC variants 1754:1765 LFC variants 1754:1765 Aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, sulfur compounds, and short- to medium-chain carboxylic acids differentiated LFC variants and FFC. 24183686 4 49 dep FFC 1027:1029 arg1 ± 1045:1045 51.6 ± 0.7 1040:1049 51.6 ± 0.7 to 53.0 ± 0.9% 1040:1064 Compared with FFC and LFC (51.6 ± 0.7 to 53.0 ± 0.9%), the other cheese variants retained higher levels of moisture (60.5 ± 1.1 to 67.5 ± 0.5%). 24183686 4 50 theme cheese 1078:1083 arg1 variants 1085:1092 the other cheese variants 1068:1092 the other cheese variants 1068:1092 Compared with FFC and LFC (51.6 ± 0.7 to 53.0 ± 0.9%), the other cheese variants retained higher levels of moisture (60.5 ± 1.1 to 67.5 ± 0.5%). 24183686 1 51 theme -producing 428:437 arg1 supplementation 295:309 the supplementation 291:309 the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); with MWPC and exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS) 291:485 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses were manufactured with partially skim milk (fat content of ~0.3%) alone (LFC); with the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); with MWPC and exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS); and with MWPC, EPS-producing strain ST446, and Lactobacillus plantarum LP and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRA as adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A). 24183686 11 52 theme overall 1839:1845 arg1 acceptability 1847:1859 overall acceptability 1839:1859 overall acceptability 1839:1859 The sensory attributes pleasant to taste, intensity of flavor, overall acceptability, and pleasant to chew variously described LFC-MWPC-EPS and LFC-MWPC-EPS-A. 24183686 12 53 theme technology 1949:1958 arg1 options 1960:1966 the technology options 1945:1966 the technology options used 1945:1971 Based on the technology options used, low-fat Caciotta-type cheese (especially ripened for 14 d) has promising features to be further exploited as a suitable alternative to the full-fat variant. 24183686 0 54 theme Italian 147:153 arg1 cheese 169:174 low-fat Italian Caciotta-type cheese 139:174 low-fat Italian Caciotta-type cheese 139:174 Use of microparticulated whey protein concentrate, exopolysaccharide-producing Streptococcus thermophilus, and adjunct cultures for making low-fat Italian Caciotta-type cheese. 24183686 11 55 theme flavor 1831:1836 arg1 intensity 1818:1826 intensity 1818:1826 intensity of flavor 1818:1836 The sensory attributes pleasant to taste, intensity of flavor, overall acceptability, and pleasant to chew variously described LFC-MWPC-EPS and LFC-MWPC-EPS-A. 24183686 11 55 theme flavor 1831:1836 arg1 attributes 1788:1797 The sensory attributes 1776:1797 The sensory attributes pleasant to taste 1776:1815 The sensory attributes pleasant to taste, intensity of flavor, overall acceptability, and pleasant to chew variously described LFC-MWPC-EPS and LFC-MWPC-EPS-A. 24183686 11 55 theme flavor 1831:1836 arg1 pleasant 1866:1873 pleasant 1866:1873 pleasant to chew 1866:1881 The sensory attributes pleasant to taste, intensity of flavor, overall acceptability, and pleasant to chew variously described LFC-MWPC-EPS and LFC-MWPC-EPS-A. 24183686 11 55 theme flavor 1831:1836 arg1 acceptability 1847:1859 overall acceptability 1839:1859 overall acceptability 1839:1859 The sensory attributes pleasant to taste, intensity of flavor, overall acceptability, and pleasant to chew variously described LFC-MWPC-EPS and LFC-MWPC-EPS-A. 24183686 1 56 theme skim 240:243 arg1 milk 245:248 partially skim milk 230:248 partially skim milk (fat content of ~0.3%) alone (LFC) 230:283 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses were manufactured with partially skim milk (fat content of ~0.3%) alone (LFC); with the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); with MWPC and exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS); and with MWPC, EPS-producing strain ST446, and Lactobacillus plantarum LP and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRA as adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A). 24183686 1 56 theme skim 240:243 arg1 LFC 280:282 LFC 280:282 LFC 280:282 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses were manufactured with partially skim milk (fat content of ~0.3%) alone (LFC); with the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); with MWPC and exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS); and with MWPC, EPS-producing strain ST446, and Lactobacillus plantarum LP and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRA as adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A). 24183686 9 57 from levels 1507:1512 arg1 treatments 1521:1530 LFC treatments 1517:1530 LFC treatments (2,705.8 ± 122 to 3,070.4 ± 123 mg/kg) due to the addition of MWPC 1517:1597 Free amino acids were at the highest levels in LFC treatments (2,705.8 ± 122 to 3,070.4 ± 123 mg/kg) due to the addition of MWPC and the peptidase activity of adjunct cultures. 24183686 9 57 from levels 1507:1512 arg1 mg/kg 1564:1568 2,705.8 ± 122 to 3,070.4 ± 123 mg/kg 1533:1568 2,705.8 ± 122 to 3,070.4 ± 123 mg/kg 1533:1568 Free amino acids were at the highest levels in LFC treatments (2,705.8 ± 122 to 3,070.4 ± 123 mg/kg) due to the addition of MWPC and the peptidase activity of adjunct cultures. 24183686 4 58 theme moisture 1120:1127 arg1 levels 1110:1115 higher levels 1103:1115 higher levels of moisture 1103:1127 Compared with FFC and LFC (51.6 ± 0.7 to 53.0 ± 0.9%), the other cheese variants retained higher levels of moisture (60.5 ± 1.1 to 67.5 ± 0.5%). 24183686 3 59 dep components 879:888 arg1 trap 901:904 trap 901:904 trap 901:904 Cheeses were characterized based on compositional, microbiological, biochemical, texture, volatile components (purge and trap, and solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry), and sensory analyses. 24183686 3 59 dep components 879:888 arg1 purge 891:895 purge 891:895 purge 891:895 Cheeses were characterized based on compositional, microbiological, biochemical, texture, volatile components (purge and trap, and solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry), and sensory analyses. 24183686 3 59 dep components 879:888 arg1 components 879:888 volatile components 870:888 volatile components (purge and trap, and solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) 870:988 Cheeses were characterized based on compositional, microbiological, biochemical, texture, volatile components (purge and trap, and solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry), and sensory analyses. 24183686 12 60 theme full-fat 2113:2120 arg1 variant 2122:2128 the full-fat variant 2109:2128 the full-fat variant 2109:2128 Based on the technology options used, low-fat Caciotta-type cheese (especially ripened for 14 d) has promising features to be further exploited as a suitable alternative to the full-fat variant. 24183686 2 61 theme thermophilus 685:696 arg1 ST042 698:702 The non-EPS-producing isogenic variant Streptococcus thermophilus ST042 632:702 The non-EPS-producing isogenic variant Streptococcus thermophilus ST042 632:702 The non-EPS-producing isogenic variant Streptococcus thermophilus ST042 was used for making full-fat Caciotta-type cheese (FFC), LFC, and LFC-MWPC. 24183686 11 62 theme pleasant 1799:1806 arg1 attributes 1788:1797 The sensory attributes 1776:1797 The sensory attributes pleasant to taste 1776:1815 The sensory attributes pleasant to taste, intensity of flavor, overall acceptability, and pleasant to chew variously described LFC-MWPC-EPS and LFC-MWPC-EPS-A. 24183686 6 63 contain had 1226:1228 arg2 one-fourth 1244:1253 one-fourth 1244:1253 one-fourth 1244:1253 Overall, all LFC had approximately one-fourth (22.6 ± 0.8%) of the fat of FFC. 24183686 6 63 contain had 1226:1228 arg2 fat 1276:1278 the fat 1272:1278 the fat of FFC 1272:1285 Overall, all LFC had approximately one-fourth (22.6 ± 0.8%) of the fat of FFC. 24183686 6 63 contain had 1226:1228 arg2 % 1266:1266 22.6 ± 0.8% 1256:1266 22.6 ± 0.8% 1256:1266 Overall, all LFC had approximately one-fourth (22.6 ± 0.8%) of the fat of FFC. 24183686 6 63 contain had 1226:1228 arg1 LFC 1222:1224 all LFC 1218:1224 all LFC 1218:1224 Overall, all LFC had approximately one-fourth (22.6 ± 0.8%) of the fat of FFC. 24183686 2 64 theme full-fat 724:731 arg1 FFC 755:757 FFC 755:757 FFC 755:757 The non-EPS-producing isogenic variant Streptococcus thermophilus ST042 was used for making full-fat Caciotta-type cheese (FFC), LFC, and LFC-MWPC. 24183686 2 64 theme full-fat 724:731 arg1 cheese 747:752 full-fat Caciotta-type cheese 724:752 full-fat Caciotta-type cheese (FFC) 724:758 The non-EPS-producing isogenic variant Streptococcus thermophilus ST042 was used for making full-fat Caciotta-type cheese (FFC), LFC, and LFC-MWPC. 24183686 5 65 theme moisture 1189:1196 arg1 retention 1198:1206 moisture retention 1189:1206 moisture retention 1189:1206 The MWPC mainly contributed to moisture retention. 24183686 0 66 theme thermophilus 93:104 arg1 Use 0:2 Use 0:2 Use of microparticulated whey protein concentrate, exopolysaccharide-producing Streptococcus thermophilus, and adjunct cultures for making low-fat Italian Caciotta-type cheese. 0:175 Use of microparticulated whey protein concentrate, exopolysaccharide-producing Streptococcus thermophilus, and adjunct cultures for making low-fat Italian Caciotta-type cheese. 24183686 11 67 theme sensory 1780:1786 arg1 attributes 1788:1797 The sensory attributes 1776:1797 The sensory attributes pleasant to taste 1776:1815 The sensory attributes pleasant to taste, intensity of flavor, overall acceptability, and pleasant to chew variously described LFC-MWPC-EPS and LFC-MWPC-EPS-A. 24183686 12 68 dep ripened 2015:2021 arg1 especially 2004:2013 especially 2004:2013 especially 2004:2013 Based on the technology options used, low-fat Caciotta-type cheese (especially ripened for 14 d) has promising features to be further exploited as a suitable alternative to the full-fat variant. 24183686 12 69 theme suitable 2085:2092 arg1 alternative 2094:2104 a suitable alternative 2083:2104 a suitable alternative to the full-fat variant 2083:2128 Based on the technology options used, low-fat Caciotta-type cheese (especially ripened for 14 d) has promising features to be further exploited as a suitable alternative to the full-fat variant. 24183686 0 70 theme adjunct 111:117 arg1 cultures 119:126 adjunct cultures 111:126 adjunct cultures 111:126 Use of microparticulated whey protein concentrate, exopolysaccharide-producing Streptococcus thermophilus, and adjunct cultures for making low-fat Italian Caciotta-type cheese. 24183686 1 71 theme wt/vol 320:325 arg1 MWPC 372:375 MWPC 372:375 MWPC 372:375 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses were manufactured with partially skim milk (fat content of ~0.3%) alone (LFC); with the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); with MWPC and exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS); and with MWPC, EPS-producing strain ST446, and Lactobacillus plantarum LP and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRA as adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A). 24183686 1 71 theme wt/vol 320:325 arg1 LFC-MWPC 379:386 LFC-MWPC 379:386 LFC-MWPC 379:386 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses were manufactured with partially skim milk (fat content of ~0.3%) alone (LFC); with the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); with MWPC and exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS); and with MWPC, EPS-producing strain ST446, and Lactobacillus plantarum LP and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRA as adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A). 24183686 1 71 theme wt/vol 320:325 arg1 concentrate 359:369 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate 314:369 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); 314:388 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses were manufactured with partially skim milk (fat content of ~0.3%) alone (LFC); with the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); with MWPC and exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS); and with MWPC, EPS-producing strain ST446, and Lactobacillus plantarum LP and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRA as adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A). 24183686 1 72 theme Caciotta-type 185:197 arg1 cultures 605:612 adjunct cultures 597:612 adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A) 597:629 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses were manufactured with partially skim milk (fat content of ~0.3%) alone (LFC); with the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); with MWPC and exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS); and with MWPC, EPS-producing strain ST446, and Lactobacillus plantarum LP and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRA as adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A). 24183686 1 72 theme Caciotta-type 185:197 arg1 cheeses 199:205 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses 177:205 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses 177:205 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses were manufactured with partially skim milk (fat content of ~0.3%) alone (LFC); with the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); with MWPC and exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS); and with MWPC, EPS-producing strain ST446, and Lactobacillus plantarum LP and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRA as adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A). 24183686 1 73 theme adjunct 597:603 arg1 cheeses 199:205 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses 177:205 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses 177:205 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses were manufactured with partially skim milk (fat content of ~0.3%) alone (LFC); with the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); with MWPC and exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS); and with MWPC, EPS-producing strain ST446, and Lactobacillus plantarum LP and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRA as adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A). 24183686 1 73 theme adjunct 597:603 arg1 LFC-MWPC-EPS-A 615:628 LFC-MWPC-EPS-A 615:628 LFC-MWPC-EPS-A 615:628 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses were manufactured with partially skim milk (fat content of ~0.3%) alone (LFC); with the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); with MWPC and exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS); and with MWPC, EPS-producing strain ST446, and Lactobacillus plantarum LP and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRA as adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A). 24183686 1 73 theme adjunct 597:603 arg1 cultures 605:612 adjunct cultures 597:612 adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A) 597:629 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses were manufactured with partially skim milk (fat content of ~0.3%) alone (LFC); with the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); with MWPC and exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS); and with MWPC, EPS-producing strain ST446, and Lactobacillus plantarum LP and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRA as adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A). 24183686 0 74 theme cultures 119:126 arg1 Use 0:2 Use 0:2 Use of microparticulated whey protein concentrate, exopolysaccharide-producing Streptococcus thermophilus, and adjunct cultures for making low-fat Italian Caciotta-type cheese. 0:175 Use of microparticulated whey protein concentrate, exopolysaccharide-producing Streptococcus thermophilus, and adjunct cultures for making low-fat Italian Caciotta-type cheese. 24183686 1 75 theme microparticulated 328:344 arg1 MWPC 372:375 MWPC 372:375 MWPC 372:375 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses were manufactured with partially skim milk (fat content of ~0.3%) alone (LFC); with the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); with MWPC and exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS); and with MWPC, EPS-producing strain ST446, and Lactobacillus plantarum LP and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRA as adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A). 24183686 1 75 theme microparticulated 328:344 arg1 LFC-MWPC 379:386 LFC-MWPC 379:386 LFC-MWPC 379:386 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses were manufactured with partially skim milk (fat content of ~0.3%) alone (LFC); with the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); with MWPC and exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS); and with MWPC, EPS-producing strain ST446, and Lactobacillus plantarum LP and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRA as adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A). 24183686 1 75 theme microparticulated 328:344 arg1 concentrate 359:369 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate 314:369 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); 314:388 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses were manufactured with partially skim milk (fat content of ~0.3%) alone (LFC); with the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); with MWPC and exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS); and with MWPC, EPS-producing strain ST446, and Lactobacillus plantarum LP and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRA as adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A). 24183686 1 76 dep -producing 428:437 arg1 LFC-MWPC-EPS 473:484 LFC-MWPC-EPS 473:484 LFC-MWPC-EPS 473:484 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses were manufactured with partially skim milk (fat content of ~0.3%) alone (LFC); with the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); with MWPC and exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS); and with MWPC, EPS-producing strain ST446, and Lactobacillus plantarum LP and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRA as adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A). 24183686 1 76 dep -producing 428:437 arg1 ST446 466:470 Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 439:470 Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS) 439:485 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses were manufactured with partially skim milk (fat content of ~0.3%) alone (LFC); with the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); with MWPC and exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS); and with MWPC, EPS-producing strain ST446, and Lactobacillus plantarum LP and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRA as adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A). 24183686 9 77 theme MWPC 1594:1597 arg1 addition 1582:1589 the addition 1578:1589 the addition of MWPC 1578:1597 Free amino acids were at the highest levels in LFC treatments (2,705.8 ± 122 to 3,070.4 ± 123 mg/kg) due to the addition of MWPC and the peptidase activity of adjunct cultures. 24183686 1 78 theme protein 351:357 arg1 MWPC 372:375 MWPC 372:375 MWPC 372:375 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses were manufactured with partially skim milk (fat content of ~0.3%) alone (LFC); with the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); with MWPC and exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS); and with MWPC, EPS-producing strain ST446, and Lactobacillus plantarum LP and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRA as adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A). 24183686 1 78 theme protein 351:357 arg1 LFC-MWPC 379:386 LFC-MWPC 379:386 LFC-MWPC 379:386 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses were manufactured with partially skim milk (fat content of ~0.3%) alone (LFC); with the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); with MWPC and exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS); and with MWPC, EPS-producing strain ST446, and Lactobacillus plantarum LP and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRA as adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A). 24183686 1 78 theme protein 351:357 arg1 concentrate 359:369 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate 314:369 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); 314:388 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses were manufactured with partially skim milk (fat content of ~0.3%) alone (LFC); with the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); with MWPC and exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS); and with MWPC, EPS-producing strain ST446, and Lactobacillus plantarum LP and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRA as adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A). 24183686 2 79 theme variant 663:669 arg1 ST042 698:702 The non-EPS-producing isogenic variant Streptococcus thermophilus ST042 632:702 The non-EPS-producing isogenic variant Streptococcus thermophilus ST042 632:702 The non-EPS-producing isogenic variant Streptococcus thermophilus ST042 was used for making full-fat Caciotta-type cheese (FFC), LFC, and LFC-MWPC. 24183686 8 80 theme LFC 1414:1416 arg1 firm 1464:1467 firm 1464:1467 firm 1464:1467 Microbial EPS positively affected cheese texture, and the texture of LFC without MWPC or microbial EPS was excessively firm. 24183686 8 80 theme LFC 1414:1416 arg1 texture 1403:1409 the texture 1399:1409 the texture of LFC without MWPC or microbial EPS 1399:1446 Microbial EPS positively affected cheese texture, and the texture of LFC without MWPC or microbial EPS was excessively firm. 24183686 2 81 theme non-EPS-producing 636:652 arg1 variant 663:669 non-EPS-producing isogenic variant 636:669 The non-EPS-producing isogenic variant Streptococcus thermophilus ST042 632:702 The non-EPS-producing isogenic variant Streptococcus thermophilus ST042 was used for making full-fat Caciotta-type cheese (FFC), LFC, and LFC-MWPC. 24183686 0 82 theme whey 25:28 arg1 concentrate 38:48 microparticulated whey protein concentrate 7:48 microparticulated whey protein concentrate 7:48 Use of microparticulated whey protein concentrate, exopolysaccharide-producing Streptococcus thermophilus, and adjunct cultures for making low-fat Italian Caciotta-type cheese. 24183686 4 83 dep ± 1045:1045 arg1 % 1064:1064 53.0 ± 0.9% 1054:1064 51.6 ± 0.7 to 53.0 ± 0.9% 1040:1064 Compared with FFC and LFC (51.6 ± 0.7 to 53.0 ± 0.9%), the other cheese variants retained higher levels of moisture (60.5 ± 1.1 to 67.5 ± 0.5%). 24183686 4 83 dep ± 1045:1045 arg1 to 1051:1052 to 1051:1052 to 1051:1052 Compared with FFC and LFC (51.6 ± 0.7 to 53.0 ± 0.9%), the other cheese variants retained higher levels of moisture (60.5 ± 1.1 to 67.5 ± 0.5%). 24183686 9 84 theme adjunct 1629:1635 arg1 cultures 1637:1644 adjunct cultures 1629:1644 adjunct cultures 1629:1644 Free amino acids were at the highest levels in LFC treatments (2,705.8 ± 122 to 3,070.4 ± 123 mg/kg) due to the addition of MWPC and the peptidase activity of adjunct cultures. 24183686 1 85 theme Lactobacillus 535:547 arg1 LP 559:560 Lactobacillus plantarum LP 535:560 Lactobacillus plantarum LP 535:560 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses were manufactured with partially skim milk (fat content of ~0.3%) alone (LFC); with the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); with MWPC and exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS); and with MWPC, EPS-producing strain ST446, and Lactobacillus plantarum LP and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRA as adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A). 24183686 0 86 theme concentrate 38:48 arg1 Use 0:2 Use 0:2 Use of microparticulated whey protein concentrate, exopolysaccharide-producing Streptococcus thermophilus, and adjunct cultures for making low-fat Italian Caciotta-type cheese. 0:175 Use of microparticulated whey protein concentrate, exopolysaccharide-producing Streptococcus thermophilus, and adjunct cultures for making low-fat Italian Caciotta-type cheese. 24183686 8 87 theme microbial 1434:1442 arg1 EPS 1444:1446 microbial EPS 1434:1446 microbial EPS 1434:1446 Microbial EPS positively affected cheese texture, and the texture of LFC without MWPC or microbial EPS was excessively firm. 24183686 0 88 theme exopolysaccharide-producing 51:77 arg1 thermophilus 93:104 exopolysaccharide-producing Streptococcus thermophilus 51:104 exopolysaccharide-producing Streptococcus thermophilus 51:104 Use of microparticulated whey protein concentrate, exopolysaccharide-producing Streptococcus thermophilus, and adjunct cultures for making low-fat Italian Caciotta-type cheese. 24183686 3 89 theme sensory 995:1001 arg1 analyses 1003:1010 sensory analyses 995:1010 sensory analyses 995:1010 Cheeses were characterized based on compositional, microbiological, biochemical, texture, volatile components (purge and trap, and solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry), and sensory analyses. 24183686 1 90 theme % 317:317 arg1 MWPC 372:375 MWPC 372:375 MWPC 372:375 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses were manufactured with partially skim milk (fat content of ~0.3%) alone (LFC); with the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); with MWPC and exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS); and with MWPC, EPS-producing strain ST446, and Lactobacillus plantarum LP and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRA as adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A). 24183686 1 90 theme % 317:317 arg1 LFC-MWPC 379:386 LFC-MWPC 379:386 LFC-MWPC 379:386 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses were manufactured with partially skim milk (fat content of ~0.3%) alone (LFC); with the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); with MWPC and exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS); and with MWPC, EPS-producing strain ST446, and Lactobacillus plantarum LP and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRA as adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A). 24183686 1 90 theme % 317:317 arg1 concentrate 359:369 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate 314:369 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); 314:388 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses were manufactured with partially skim milk (fat content of ~0.3%) alone (LFC); with the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); with MWPC and exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS); and with MWPC, EPS-producing strain ST446, and Lactobacillus plantarum LP and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRA as adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A). 24183686 9 91 theme amino 1475:1479 arg1 acids 1481:1485 Free amino acids 1470:1485 Free amino acids 1470:1485 Free amino acids were at the highest levels in LFC treatments (2,705.8 ± 122 to 3,070.4 ± 123 mg/kg) due to the addition of MWPC and the peptidase activity of adjunct cultures. 24183686 12 92 dep cheese 1996:2001 arg1 ripened 2015:2021 ripened 2015:2021 ripened for 14 d 2015:2030 Based on the technology options used, low-fat Caciotta-type cheese (especially ripened for 14 d) has promising features to be further exploited as a suitable alternative to the full-fat variant. 24183686 10 93 theme carboxylic 1722:1731 arg1 acids 1733:1737 medium-chain carboxylic acids 1709:1737 medium-chain carboxylic acids 1709:1737 Aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, sulfur compounds, and short- to medium-chain carboxylic acids differentiated LFC variants and FFC. 24183686 1 94 dep milk 245:248 arg1 content 255:261 fat content 251:261 fat content of ~0.3% 251:270 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses were manufactured with partially skim milk (fat content of ~0.3%) alone (LFC); with the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); with MWPC and exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS); and with MWPC, EPS-producing strain ST446, and Lactobacillus plantarum LP and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRA as adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A). 24183686 1 95 theme % 270:270 arg1 content 255:261 fat content 251:261 fat content of ~0.3% 251:270 Low-fat Caciotta-type cheeses were manufactured with partially skim milk (fat content of ~0.3%) alone (LFC); with the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (MWPC) (LFC-MWPC); with MWPC and exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus ST446 (LFC-MWPC-EPS); and with MWPC, EPS-producing strain ST446, and Lactobacillus plantarum LP and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRA as adjunct cultures (LFC-MWPC-EPS-A). 27357006 7 0 theme cut-off 1148:1154 arg1 frequency 1156:1164 a cut-off frequency 1146:1164 a cut-off frequency of 1.8 GHz 1146:1175 The resulting flexible diodes show current levels on the order of mA for an area of 2 mm(2), a current rectification ratio up to 4 × 10(3) between 1 and 2 V bias and a cut-off frequency of 1.8 GHz. 27357006 7 1 from levels 1023:1028 arg1 order 1037:1041 the order 1033:1041 the order of mA 1033:1047 The resulting flexible diodes show current levels on the order of mA for an area of 2 mm(2), a current rectification ratio up to 4 × 10(3) between 1 and 2 V bias and a cut-off frequency of 1.8 GHz. 27357006 10 2 theme reconfigurable 1439:1452 arg1 circuits 1474:1481 reconfigurable GHz-operating diode circuits 1439:1481 reconfigurable GHz-operating diode circuits 1439:1481 This provides us with reconfigurable GHz-operating diode circuits. 27357006 3 3 theme composite 522:530 arg1 films 532:536 self-adhesive composite films 508:536 self-adhesive composite films of silicon micro-particles (Si-μPs) and glycerol dispersed in nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) 508:630 We present a simple method to manufacture flexible diodes, operating at GHz frequencies, based on self-adhesive composite films of silicon micro-particles (Si-μPs) and glycerol dispersed in nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). 27357006 2 4 theme frequency 365:373 arg1 rectifiers 375:384 high frequency rectifiers 360:384 high frequency rectifiers 360:384 To power and communicate with such systems, high frequency rectifiers are crucial components. 27357006 2 4 theme frequency 365:373 arg1 components 398:407 crucial components 390:407 crucial components 390:407 To power and communicate with such systems, high frequency rectifiers are crucial components. 27357006 0 5 theme Micro-Particles 125:139 arg1 Film 109:112 Self-Supporting Semiconducting Composite Film 68:112 Self-Supporting Semiconducting Composite Film of Silicon Micro-Particles and Nano-Fibrillated Cellulose 68:170 Flexible Lamination-Fabricated Ultra-High Frequency Diodes Based on Self-Supporting Semiconducting Composite Film of Silicon Micro-Particles and Nano-Fibrillated Cellulose. 27357006 7 6 theme current 1075:1081 arg1 ratio 1097:1101 a current rectification ratio 1073:1101 a current rectification ratio up to 4 × 10(3) between 1 and 2 V bias and a cut-off frequency of 1.8 GHz 1073:1175 The resulting flexible diodes show current levels on the order of mA for an area of 2 mm(2), a current rectification ratio up to 4 × 10(3) between 1 and 2 V bias and a cut-off frequency of 1.8 GHz. 27357006 7 6 theme current 1075:1081 arg1 area 1056:1059 an area 1053:1059 an area of 2 mm(2) 1053:1070 The resulting flexible diodes show current levels on the order of mA for an area of 2 mm(2), a current rectification ratio up to 4 × 10(3) between 1 and 2 V bias and a cut-off frequency of 1.8 GHz. 27357006 7 7 theme resulting 984:992 arg1 diodes 1003:1008 The resulting flexible diodes 980:1008 The resulting flexible diodes 980:1008 The resulting flexible diodes show current levels on the order of mA for an area of 2 mm(2), a current rectification ratio up to 4 × 10(3) between 1 and 2 V bias and a cut-off frequency of 1.8 GHz. 27357006 0 8 theme Silicon 117:123 arg1 Micro-Particles 125:139 Silicon Micro-Particles 117:139 Silicon Micro-Particles 117:139 Flexible Lamination-Fabricated Ultra-High Frequency Diodes Based on Self-Supporting Semiconducting Composite Film of Silicon Micro-Particles and Nano-Fibrillated Cellulose. 27357006 7 9 theme rectification 1083:1095 arg1 ratio 1097:1101 a current rectification ratio 1073:1101 a current rectification ratio up to 4 × 10(3) between 1 and 2 V bias and a cut-off frequency of 1.8 GHz 1073:1175 The resulting flexible diodes show current levels on the order of mA for an area of 2 mm(2), a current rectification ratio up to 4 × 10(3) between 1 and 2 V bias and a cut-off frequency of 1.8 GHz. 27357006 7 9 theme rectification 1083:1095 arg1 area 1056:1059 an area 1053:1059 an area of 2 mm(2) 1053:1070 The resulting flexible diodes show current levels on the order of mA for an area of 2 mm(2), a current rectification ratio up to 4 × 10(3) between 1 and 2 V bias and a cut-off frequency of 1.8 GHz. 27357006 1 10 theme things 300:305 arg1 internet 288:295 the future "internet 276:295 the future "internet of things" viable 276:313 Low cost and flexible devices such as wearable electronics, e-labels and distributed sensors will make the future "internet of things" viable. 27357006 0 11 theme Nano-Fibrillated 145:160 arg1 Cellulose 162:170 Nano-Fibrillated Cellulose 145:170 Nano-Fibrillated Cellulose 145:170 Flexible Lamination-Fabricated Ultra-High Frequency Diodes Based on Self-Supporting Semiconducting Composite Film of Silicon Micro-Particles and Nano-Fibrillated Cellulose. 27357006 4 12 theme nanocellulose-silicon 717:737 arg1 film 749:752 a self-supporting nanocellulose-silicon composite film 699:752 a self-supporting nanocellulose-silicon composite film 699:752 NFC, Si-μPs and glycerol are mixed in a water suspension, forming a self-supporting nanocellulose-silicon composite film after drying. 27357006 3 13 theme micro-particles 549:563 arg1 films 532:536 self-adhesive composite films 508:536 self-adhesive composite films of silicon micro-particles (Si-μPs) and glycerol dispersed in nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) 508:630 We present a simple method to manufacture flexible diodes, operating at GHz frequencies, based on self-adhesive composite films of silicon micro-particles (Si-μPs) and glycerol dispersed in nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). 27357006 5 14 theme top 891:893 arg1 contact 895:901 a conductive Ni-coated carbon tape top contact 856:901 a conductive Ni-coated carbon tape top contact 856:901 This film is cut and laminated between a flexible pre-patterned Al bottom electrode and a conductive Ni-coated carbon tape top contact. 27357006 5 15 theme carbon 879:884 arg1 contact 895:901 a conductive Ni-coated carbon tape top contact 856:901 a conductive Ni-coated carbon tape top contact 856:901 This film is cut and laminated between a flexible pre-patterned Al bottom electrode and a conductive Ni-coated carbon tape top contact. 27357006 5 16 theme flexible 809:816 arg1 electrode 842:850 a flexible pre-patterned Al bottom electrode 807:850 a flexible pre-patterned Al bottom electrode 807:850 This film is cut and laminated between a flexible pre-patterned Al bottom electrode and a conductive Ni-coated carbon tape top contact. 27357006 5 17 dep flexible 809:816 arg1 pre-patterned 818:830 pre-patterned 818:830 pre-patterned 818:830 This film is cut and laminated between a flexible pre-patterned Al bottom electrode and a conductive Ni-coated carbon tape top contact. 27357006 8 18 from 1.8 GHz 1274:1280 arg1 resistors 1237:1245 resistors 1237:1245 resistors 1237:1245 Energy harvesting experiments have been demonstrated using resistors as the load at 900 MHz and 1.8 GHz. 27357006 8 18 from 1.8 GHz 1274:1280 arg1 load 1254:1257 the load 1250:1257 the load at 900 MHz and 1.8 GHz 1250:1280 Energy harvesting experiments have been demonstrated using resistors as the load at 900 MHz and 1.8 GHz. 27357006 2 19 theme such 346:349 arg1 systems 351:357 such systems 346:357 such systems 346:357 To power and communicate with such systems, high frequency rectifiers are crucial components. 27357006 1 20 theme wearable 211:218 arg1 electronics 220:230 wearable electronics 211:230 wearable electronics 211:230 Low cost and flexible devices such as wearable electronics, e-labels and distributed sensors will make the future "internet of things" viable. 27357006 0 21 theme Lamination-Fabricated 9:29 arg1 Diodes 52:57 Flexible Lamination-Fabricated Ultra-High Frequency Diodes 0:57 Flexible Lamination-Fabricated Ultra-High Frequency Diodes 0:57 Flexible Lamination-Fabricated Ultra-High Frequency Diodes Based on Self-Supporting Semiconducting Composite Film of Silicon Micro-Particles and Nano-Fibrillated Cellulose. 27357006 3 22 theme silicon 541:547 arg1 Si-μPs 566:571 Si-μPs 566:571 Si-μPs 566:571 We present a simple method to manufacture flexible diodes, operating at GHz frequencies, based on self-adhesive composite films of silicon micro-particles (Si-μPs) and glycerol dispersed in nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). 27357006 3 22 theme silicon 541:547 arg1 micro-particles 549:563 silicon micro-particles 541:563 silicon micro-particles (Si-μPs) 541:572 We present a simple method to manufacture flexible diodes, operating at GHz frequencies, based on self-adhesive composite films of silicon micro-particles (Si-μPs) and glycerol dispersed in nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). 27357006 6 23 theme Schottky 906:913 arg1 junction 915:922 A Schottky junction 904:922 A Schottky junction 904:922 A Schottky junction is established between the Al electrode and the Si-μPs. 27357006 4 24 theme water 673:677 arg1 suspension 679:688 a water suspension 671:688 a water suspension 671:688 NFC, Si-μPs and glycerol are mixed in a water suspension, forming a self-supporting nanocellulose-silicon composite film after drying. 27357006 0 25 theme Flexible 0:7 arg1 Diodes 52:57 Flexible Lamination-Fabricated Ultra-High Frequency Diodes 0:57 Flexible Lamination-Fabricated Ultra-High Frequency Diodes 0:57 Flexible Lamination-Fabricated Ultra-High Frequency Diodes Based on Self-Supporting Semiconducting Composite Film of Silicon Micro-Particles and Nano-Fibrillated Cellulose. 27357006 4 26 theme composite 739:747 arg1 film 749:752 a self-supporting nanocellulose-silicon composite film 699:752 a self-supporting nanocellulose-silicon composite film 699:752 NFC, Si-μPs and glycerol are mixed in a water suspension, forming a self-supporting nanocellulose-silicon composite film after drying. 27357006 8 27 from 900 MHz 1262:1268 arg1 resistors 1237:1245 resistors 1237:1245 resistors 1237:1245 Energy harvesting experiments have been demonstrated using resistors as the load at 900 MHz and 1.8 GHz. 27357006 8 27 from 900 MHz 1262:1268 arg1 load 1254:1257 the load 1250:1257 the load at 900 MHz and 1.8 GHz 1250:1280 Energy harvesting experiments have been demonstrated using resistors as the load at 900 MHz and 1.8 GHz. 27357006 5 28 theme Al 832:833 arg1 electrode 842:850 a flexible pre-patterned Al bottom electrode 807:850 a flexible pre-patterned Al bottom electrode 807:850 This film is cut and laminated between a flexible pre-patterned Al bottom electrode and a conductive Ni-coated carbon tape top contact. 27357006 3 29 theme flexible 452:459 arg1 diodes 461:466 flexible diodes 452:466 flexible diodes 452:466 We present a simple method to manufacture flexible diodes, operating at GHz frequencies, based on self-adhesive composite films of silicon micro-particles (Si-μPs) and glycerol dispersed in nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). 27357006 0 30 theme Frequency 42:50 arg1 Diodes 52:57 Flexible Lamination-Fabricated Ultra-High Frequency Diodes 0:57 Flexible Lamination-Fabricated Ultra-High Frequency Diodes 0:57 Flexible Lamination-Fabricated Ultra-High Frequency Diodes Based on Self-Supporting Semiconducting Composite Film of Silicon Micro-Particles and Nano-Fibrillated Cellulose. 27357006 1 31 theme viable 308:313 arg1 things 300:305 things 300:305 things" viable 300:313 Low cost and flexible devices such as wearable electronics, e-labels and distributed sensors will make the future "internet of things" viable. 27357006 7 32 theme 2 mm 1064:1067 arg1 2 1069:1069 2 1069:1069 2 1069:1069 The resulting flexible diodes show current levels on the order of mA for an area of 2 mm(2), a current rectification ratio up to 4 × 10(3) between 1 and 2 V bias and a cut-off frequency of 1.8 GHz. 27357006 7 32 theme 2 mm 1064:1067 arg1 ratio 1097:1101 a current rectification ratio 1073:1101 a current rectification ratio up to 4 × 10(3) between 1 and 2 V bias and a cut-off frequency of 1.8 GHz 1073:1175 The resulting flexible diodes show current levels on the order of mA for an area of 2 mm(2), a current rectification ratio up to 4 × 10(3) between 1 and 2 V bias and a cut-off frequency of 1.8 GHz. 27357006 7 32 theme 2 mm 1064:1067 arg1 area 1056:1059 an area 1053:1059 an area of 2 mm(2) 1053:1070 The resulting flexible diodes show current levels on the order of mA for an area of 2 mm(2), a current rectification ratio up to 4 × 10(3) between 1 and 2 V bias and a cut-off frequency of 1.8 GHz. 27357006 3 33 theme GHz 482:484 arg1 frequencies 486:496 GHz frequencies 482:496 GHz frequencies 482:496 We present a simple method to manufacture flexible diodes, operating at GHz frequencies, based on self-adhesive composite films of silicon micro-particles (Si-μPs) and glycerol dispersed in nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). 27357006 0 34 theme Ultra-High 31:40 arg1 Diodes 52:57 Flexible Lamination-Fabricated Ultra-High Frequency Diodes 0:57 Flexible Lamination-Fabricated Ultra-High Frequency Diodes 0:57 Flexible Lamination-Fabricated Ultra-High Frequency Diodes Based on Self-Supporting Semiconducting Composite Film of Silicon Micro-Particles and Nano-Fibrillated Cellulose. 27357006 9 35 theme diode 1287:1291 arg1 stack 1293:1297 The diode stack 1283:1297 The diode stack 1283:1297 The diode stack can be delaminated away from the Al electrode and then later on be transferred and reconfigured to another substrate. 27357006 0 36 theme Cellulose 162:170 arg1 Film 109:112 Self-Supporting Semiconducting Composite Film 68:112 Self-Supporting Semiconducting Composite Film of Silicon Micro-Particles and Nano-Fibrillated Cellulose 68:170 Flexible Lamination-Fabricated Ultra-High Frequency Diodes Based on Self-Supporting Semiconducting Composite Film of Silicon Micro-Particles and Nano-Fibrillated Cellulose. 27357006 6 37 dep electrode 954:962 arg1 the 947:949 the 947:949 the 947:949 A Schottky junction is established between the Al electrode and the Si-μPs. 27357006 3 38 theme glycerol 578:585 arg1 films 532:536 self-adhesive composite films 508:536 self-adhesive composite films of silicon micro-particles (Si-μPs) and glycerol dispersed in nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) 508:630 We present a simple method to manufacture flexible diodes, operating at GHz frequencies, based on self-adhesive composite films of silicon micro-particles (Si-μPs) and glycerol dispersed in nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). 27357006 4 39 theme self-supporting 701:715 arg1 film 749:752 a self-supporting nanocellulose-silicon composite film 699:752 a self-supporting nanocellulose-silicon composite film 699:752 NFC, Si-μPs and glycerol are mixed in a water suspension, forming a self-supporting nanocellulose-silicon composite film after drying. 27357006 5 40 theme conductive 858:867 arg1 contact 895:901 a conductive Ni-coated carbon tape top contact 856:901 a conductive Ni-coated carbon tape top contact 856:901 This film is cut and laminated between a flexible pre-patterned Al bottom electrode and a conductive Ni-coated carbon tape top contact. 27357006 8 41 theme harvesting 1185:1194 arg1 experiments 1196:1206 Energy harvesting experiments 1178:1206 Energy harvesting experiments 1178:1206 Energy harvesting experiments have been demonstrated using resistors as the load at 900 MHz and 1.8 GHz. 27357006 1 42 theme distributed 246:256 arg1 sensors 258:264 distributed sensors 246:264 distributed sensors 246:264 Low cost and flexible devices such as wearable electronics, e-labels and distributed sensors will make the future "internet of things" viable. 27357006 8 43 theme Energy 1178:1183 arg1 experiments 1196:1206 Energy harvesting experiments 1178:1206 Energy harvesting experiments 1178:1206 Energy harvesting experiments have been demonstrated using resistors as the load at 900 MHz and 1.8 GHz. 27357006 5 44 theme bottom 835:840 arg1 electrode 842:850 a flexible pre-patterned Al bottom electrode 807:850 a flexible pre-patterned Al bottom electrode 807:850 This film is cut and laminated between a flexible pre-patterned Al bottom electrode and a conductive Ni-coated carbon tape top contact. 27357006 5 45 theme Ni-coated 869:877 arg1 contact 895:901 a conductive Ni-coated carbon tape top contact 856:901 a conductive Ni-coated carbon tape top contact 856:901 This film is cut and laminated between a flexible pre-patterned Al bottom electrode and a conductive Ni-coated carbon tape top contact. 27357006 0 46 theme Self-Supporting 68:82 arg1 Film 109:112 Self-Supporting Semiconducting Composite Film 68:112 Self-Supporting Semiconducting Composite Film of Silicon Micro-Particles and Nano-Fibrillated Cellulose 68:170 Flexible Lamination-Fabricated Ultra-High Frequency Diodes Based on Self-Supporting Semiconducting Composite Film of Silicon Micro-Particles and Nano-Fibrillated Cellulose. 27357006 7 47 theme 1.8 GHz 1169:1175 arg1 frequency 1156:1164 a cut-off frequency 1146:1164 a cut-off frequency of 1.8 GHz 1146:1175 The resulting flexible diodes show current levels on the order of mA for an area of 2 mm(2), a current rectification ratio up to 4 × 10(3) between 1 and 2 V bias and a cut-off frequency of 1.8 GHz. 27357006 7 47 theme 1.8 GHz 1169:1175 arg1 bias 1137:1140 1 and 2 V bias 1127:1140 1 and 2 V bias 1127:1140 The resulting flexible diodes show current levels on the order of mA for an area of 2 mm(2), a current rectification ratio up to 4 × 10(3) between 1 and 2 V bias and a cut-off frequency of 1.8 GHz. 27357006 3 48 theme nanofibrillated 600:614 arg1 NFC 627:629 NFC 627:629 NFC 627:629 We present a simple method to manufacture flexible diodes, operating at GHz frequencies, based on self-adhesive composite films of silicon micro-particles (Si-μPs) and glycerol dispersed in nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). 27357006 3 48 theme nanofibrillated 600:614 arg1 cellulose 616:624 nanofibrillated cellulose 600:624 nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) 600:630 We present a simple method to manufacture flexible diodes, operating at GHz frequencies, based on self-adhesive composite films of silicon micro-particles (Si-μPs) and glycerol dispersed in nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). 27357006 2 49 theme high 360:363 arg1 rectifiers 375:384 high frequency rectifiers 360:384 high frequency rectifiers 360:384 To power and communicate with such systems, high frequency rectifiers are crucial components. 27357006 2 49 theme high 360:363 arg1 components 398:407 crucial components 390:407 crucial components 390:407 To power and communicate with such systems, high frequency rectifiers are crucial components. 27357006 3 50 theme simple 423:428 arg1 method 430:435 a simple method 421:435 a simple method to manufacture flexible diodes, operating at GHz frequencies, based on self-adhesive composite films of silicon micro-particles (Si-μPs) and glycerol dispersed in nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) 421:630 We present a simple method to manufacture flexible diodes, operating at GHz frequencies, based on self-adhesive composite films of silicon micro-particles (Si-μPs) and glycerol dispersed in nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). 27357006 10 51 theme diode 1468:1472 arg1 circuits 1474:1481 reconfigurable GHz-operating diode circuits 1439:1481 reconfigurable GHz-operating diode circuits 1439:1481 This provides us with reconfigurable GHz-operating diode circuits. 27357006 9 52 dep later 1354:1358 arg1 on 1360:1361 on 1360:1361 on 1360:1361 The diode stack can be delaminated away from the Al electrode and then later on be transferred and reconfigured to another substrate. 27357006 7 53 dep 4 × 10 1109:1114 arg1 up 1103:1104 up 1103:1104 up 1103:1104 The resulting flexible diodes show current levels on the order of mA for an area of 2 mm(2), a current rectification ratio up to 4 × 10(3) between 1 and 2 V bias and a cut-off frequency of 1.8 GHz. 27357006 3 54 theme self-adhesive 508:520 arg1 films 532:536 self-adhesive composite films 508:536 self-adhesive composite films of silicon micro-particles (Si-μPs) and glycerol dispersed in nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) 508:630 We present a simple method to manufacture flexible diodes, operating at GHz frequencies, based on self-adhesive composite films of silicon micro-particles (Si-μPs) and glycerol dispersed in nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). 27357006 6 55 theme Al 951:952 arg1 electrode 954:962 Al electrode 951:962 Al electrode 951:962 A Schottky junction is established between the Al electrode and the Si-μPs. 27357006 10 56 theme GHz-operating 1454:1466 arg1 circuits 1474:1481 reconfigurable GHz-operating diode circuits 1439:1481 reconfigurable GHz-operating diode circuits 1439:1481 This provides us with reconfigurable GHz-operating diode circuits. 27357006 1 57 theme Low 173:175 arg1 electronics 220:230 wearable electronics 211:230 wearable electronics 211:230 Low cost and flexible devices such as wearable electronics, e-labels and distributed sensors will make the future "internet of things" viable. 27357006 1 57 theme Low 173:175 arg1 devices 195:201 Low cost and flexible devices 173:201 Low cost and flexible devices such as wearable electronics, e-labels and distributed sensors 173:264 Low cost and flexible devices such as wearable electronics, e-labels and distributed sensors will make the future "internet of things" viable. 27357006 1 57 theme Low 173:175 arg1 e-labels 233:240 e-labels 233:240 e-labels 233:240 Low cost and flexible devices such as wearable electronics, e-labels and distributed sensors will make the future "internet of things" viable. 27357006 1 57 theme Low 173:175 arg1 sensors 258:264 distributed sensors 246:264 distributed sensors 246:264 Low cost and flexible devices such as wearable electronics, e-labels and distributed sensors will make the future "internet of things" viable. 27357006 7 58 theme mA 1046:1047 arg1 order 1037:1041 the order 1033:1041 the order of mA 1033:1047 The resulting flexible diodes show current levels on the order of mA for an area of 2 mm(2), a current rectification ratio up to 4 × 10(3) between 1 and 2 V bias and a cut-off frequency of 1.8 GHz. 27357006 1 59 theme cost 177:180 arg1 electronics 220:230 wearable electronics 211:230 wearable electronics 211:230 Low cost and flexible devices such as wearable electronics, e-labels and distributed sensors will make the future "internet of things" viable. 27357006 1 59 theme cost 177:180 arg1 devices 195:201 Low cost and flexible devices 173:201 Low cost and flexible devices such as wearable electronics, e-labels and distributed sensors 173:264 Low cost and flexible devices such as wearable electronics, e-labels and distributed sensors will make the future "internet of things" viable. 27357006 1 59 theme cost 177:180 arg1 e-labels 233:240 e-labels 233:240 e-labels 233:240 Low cost and flexible devices such as wearable electronics, e-labels and distributed sensors will make the future "internet of things" viable. 27357006 1 59 theme cost 177:180 arg1 sensors 258:264 distributed sensors 246:264 distributed sensors 246:264 Low cost and flexible devices such as wearable electronics, e-labels and distributed sensors will make the future "internet of things" viable. 27357006 0 60 theme Composite 99:107 arg1 Film 109:112 Self-Supporting Semiconducting Composite Film 68:112 Self-Supporting Semiconducting Composite Film of Silicon Micro-Particles and Nano-Fibrillated Cellulose 68:170 Flexible Lamination-Fabricated Ultra-High Frequency Diodes Based on Self-Supporting Semiconducting Composite Film of Silicon Micro-Particles and Nano-Fibrillated Cellulose. 27357006 9 61 dep then 1349:1352 arg1 transferred 1366:1376 transferred 1366:1376 be transferred 1363:1376 The diode stack can be delaminated away from the Al electrode and then later on be transferred and reconfigured to another substrate. 27357006 7 62 theme current 1015:1021 arg1 levels 1023:1028 current levels 1015:1028 current levels on the order of mA 1015:1047 The resulting flexible diodes show current levels on the order of mA for an area of 2 mm(2), a current rectification ratio up to 4 × 10(3) between 1 and 2 V bias and a cut-off frequency of 1.8 GHz. 27357006 2 63 theme crucial 390:396 arg1 rectifiers 375:384 high frequency rectifiers 360:384 high frequency rectifiers 360:384 To power and communicate with such systems, high frequency rectifiers are crucial components. 27357006 2 63 theme crucial 390:396 arg1 components 398:407 crucial components 390:407 crucial components 390:407 To power and communicate with such systems, high frequency rectifiers are crucial components. 27357006 5 64 theme tape 886:889 arg1 contact 895:901 a conductive Ni-coated carbon tape top contact 856:901 a conductive Ni-coated carbon tape top contact 856:901 This film is cut and laminated between a flexible pre-patterned Al bottom electrode and a conductive Ni-coated carbon tape top contact. 27357006 9 65 theme Al 1332:1333 arg1 electrode 1335:1343 the Al electrode 1328:1343 the Al electrode 1328:1343 The diode stack can be delaminated away from the Al electrode and then later on be transferred and reconfigured to another substrate. 27357006 0 66 theme Semiconducting 84:97 arg1 Film 109:112 Self-Supporting Semiconducting Composite Film 68:112 Self-Supporting Semiconducting Composite Film of Silicon Micro-Particles and Nano-Fibrillated Cellulose 68:170 Flexible Lamination-Fabricated Ultra-High Frequency Diodes Based on Self-Supporting Semiconducting Composite Film of Silicon Micro-Particles and Nano-Fibrillated Cellulose. 27357006 7 67 theme flexible 994:1001 arg1 diodes 1003:1008 The resulting flexible diodes 980:1008 The resulting flexible diodes 980:1008 The resulting flexible diodes show current levels on the order of mA for an area of 2 mm(2), a current rectification ratio up to 4 × 10(3) between 1 and 2 V bias and a cut-off frequency of 1.8 GHz. 27357006 1 68 theme flexible 186:193 arg1 electronics 220:230 wearable electronics 211:230 wearable electronics 211:230 Low cost and flexible devices such as wearable electronics, e-labels and distributed sensors will make the future "internet of things" viable. 27357006 1 68 theme flexible 186:193 arg1 devices 195:201 Low cost and flexible devices 173:201 Low cost and flexible devices such as wearable electronics, e-labels and distributed sensors 173:264 Low cost and flexible devices such as wearable electronics, e-labels and distributed sensors will make the future "internet of things" viable. 27357006 1 68 theme flexible 186:193 arg1 e-labels 233:240 e-labels 233:240 e-labels 233:240 Low cost and flexible devices such as wearable electronics, e-labels and distributed sensors will make the future "internet of things" viable. 27357006 1 68 theme flexible 186:193 arg1 sensors 258:264 distributed sensors 246:264 distributed sensors 246:264 Low cost and flexible devices such as wearable electronics, e-labels and distributed sensors will make the future "internet of things" viable. 27357006 1 69 theme future 280:285 arg1 internet 288:295 the future "internet 276:295 the future "internet of things" viable 276:313 Low cost and flexible devices such as wearable electronics, e-labels and distributed sensors will make the future "internet of things" viable. 28254574 0 0 theme gum 87:89 arg1 protein 55:61 an antioxidative arabinogalactan protein 22:61 an antioxidative arabinogalactan protein of Aegle marmelos fruit gum 22:89 Structural insight of an antioxidative arabinogalactan protein of Aegle marmelos fruit gum and it's interaction with β-lactoglobulin. 28254574 7 1 theme industry 1149:1156 arg1 materials 1131:1139 important raw materials 1117:1139 important raw materials of food industry discovering an antioxidative gum with the ability of creating stable water soluble complex with β-lactoglobulin may have important implication 1117:1299 As gum polysaccharides are important raw materials of food industry discovering an antioxidative gum with the ability of creating stable water soluble complex with β-lactoglobulin may have important implication. 28254574 7 1 theme industry 1149:1156 arg1 polysaccharides 1097:1111 polysaccharides 1097:1111 polysaccharides 1097:1111 As gum polysaccharides are important raw materials of food industry discovering an antioxidative gum with the ability of creating stable water soluble complex with β-lactoglobulin may have important implication. 28254574 1 2 theme arabinogalactan 154:168 arg1 structure 184:192 arabinogalactan protein (AGP) structure 154:192 arabinogalactan protein (AGP) structure 154:192 The complication of arabinogalactan protein (AGP) structure, a significant ingredient of gum polysaccharides, not merely hinders the allocation of its role, but restricts its utilization as well. 28254574 0 3 theme fruit 81:85 arg1 gum 87:89 Aegle marmelos fruit gum 66:89 Aegle marmelos fruit gum 66:89 Structural insight of an antioxidative arabinogalactan protein of Aegle marmelos fruit gum and it's interaction with β-lactoglobulin. 28254574 3 4 dep galactose 572:580 arg1 residues 596:603 residues 596:603 residues 596:603 This AGP (310×103g/mol), which is water-soluble, contains β-1,3-linked galactopyranosyl main chain substituted at O-6 position with side chains containing galactose and arabinose residues. 28254574 1 5 theme protein 170:176 arg1 structure 184:192 arabinogalactan protein (AGP) structure 154:192 arabinogalactan protein (AGP) structure 154:192 The complication of arabinogalactan protein (AGP) structure, a significant ingredient of gum polysaccharides, not merely hinders the allocation of its role, but restricts its utilization as well. 28254574 6 6 theme β-lactoglobulin 1002:1016 arg1 mixture 983:989 mixture 983:989 mixture of AGP and β-lactoglobulin 983:1016 Moreover, mixture of AGP and β-lactoglobulin form stable water soluble complex having binding constant K=2.38×106/M. 28254574 7 7 theme soluble 1233:1239 arg1 complex 1241:1247 stable water soluble complex 1220:1247 stable water soluble complex with β-lactoglobulin 1220:1268 As gum polysaccharides are important raw materials of food industry discovering an antioxidative gum with the ability of creating stable water soluble complex with β-lactoglobulin may have important implication. 28254574 3 8 contain contains 466:473 arg1 AGP 422:424 This AGP 417:424 This AGP (310×103g/mol) 417:439 This AGP (310×103g/mol), which is water-soluble, contains β-1,3-linked galactopyranosyl main chain substituted at O-6 position with side chains containing galactose and arabinose residues. 28254574 3 8 contain contains 466:473 arg1 310×103g/mol 427:438 310×103g/mol 427:438 310×103g/mol 427:438 This AGP (310×103g/mol), which is water-soluble, contains β-1,3-linked galactopyranosyl main chain substituted at O-6 position with side chains containing galactose and arabinose residues. 28254574 3 8 contain contains 466:473 arg2 chain 510:514 β-1,3-linked galactopyranosyl main chain 475:514 β-1,3-linked galactopyranosyl main chain substituted at O-6 position with side chains containing galactose and arabinose residues 475:603 This AGP (310×103g/mol), which is water-soluble, contains β-1,3-linked galactopyranosyl main chain substituted at O-6 position with side chains containing galactose and arabinose residues. 28254574 4 9 theme monosaccharide 716:729 arg1 units 731:735 monosaccharide units 716:735 monosaccharide units of a number of oligosaccharides produced from this AGP by chemical and enzymatic methods 716:824 Also data on sugar composition, ring size, glycosidic linkage pattern, anomeric configuration and sequence of monosaccharide units of a number of oligosaccharides produced from this AGP by chemical and enzymatic methods were acquired. 28254574 7 10 theme water 1227:1231 arg1 complex 1241:1247 stable water soluble complex 1220:1247 stable water soluble complex with β-lactoglobulin 1220:1268 As gum polysaccharides are important raw materials of food industry discovering an antioxidative gum with the ability of creating stable water soluble complex with β-lactoglobulin may have important implication. 28254574 6 11 contain having 1052:1057 arg2 constant 1067:1074 binding constant K=2.38×106/M 1059:1087 binding constant K=2.38×106/M 1059:1087 Moreover, mixture of AGP and β-lactoglobulin form stable water soluble complex having binding constant K=2.38×106/M. 28254574 6 11 contain having 1052:1057 arg1 complex 1044:1050 stable water soluble complex 1023:1050 stable water soluble complex having binding constant K=2.38×106/M 1023:1087 Moreover, mixture of AGP and β-lactoglobulin form stable water soluble complex having binding constant K=2.38×106/M. 28254574 7 12 theme food 1144:1147 arg1 industry 1149:1156 food industry 1144:1156 food industry 1144:1156 As gum polysaccharides are important raw materials of food industry discovering an antioxidative gum with the ability of creating stable water soluble complex with β-lactoglobulin may have important implication. 28254574 5 13 theme antioxidative 885:897 arg1 potential 899:907 antioxidative potential 885:907 antioxidative potential between this arabinogalactan protein 885:944 Biochemical analysis reveals resemblance in antioxidative potential between this arabinogalactan protein and standard antioxidants. 28254574 3 14 contain containing 561:570 arg2 arabinose 586:594 arabinose 586:594 arabinose 586:594 This AGP (310×103g/mol), which is water-soluble, contains β-1,3-linked galactopyranosyl main chain substituted at O-6 position with side chains containing galactose and arabinose residues. 28254574 3 14 contain containing 561:570 arg2 galactose 572:580 galactose 572:580 galactose 572:580 This AGP (310×103g/mol), which is water-soluble, contains β-1,3-linked galactopyranosyl main chain substituted at O-6 position with side chains containing galactose and arabinose residues. 28254574 3 14 contain containing 561:570 arg1 chains 554:559 side chains 549:559 side chains containing galactose and arabinose residues 549:603 This AGP (310×103g/mol), which is water-soluble, contains β-1,3-linked galactopyranosyl main chain substituted at O-6 position with side chains containing galactose and arabinose residues. 28254574 4 15 theme linkage 660:666 arg1 pattern 668:674 glycosidic linkage pattern 649:674 glycosidic linkage pattern 649:674 Also data on sugar composition, ring size, glycosidic linkage pattern, anomeric configuration and sequence of monosaccharide units of a number of oligosaccharides produced from this AGP by chemical and enzymatic methods were acquired. 28254574 7 16 theme raw 1127:1129 arg1 materials 1131:1139 important raw materials 1117:1139 important raw materials of food industry discovering an antioxidative gum with the ability of creating stable water soluble complex with β-lactoglobulin may have important implication 1117:1299 As gum polysaccharides are important raw materials of food industry discovering an antioxidative gum with the ability of creating stable water soluble complex with β-lactoglobulin may have important implication. 28254574 7 16 theme raw 1127:1129 arg1 polysaccharides 1097:1111 polysaccharides 1097:1111 polysaccharides 1097:1111 As gum polysaccharides are important raw materials of food industry discovering an antioxidative gum with the ability of creating stable water soluble complex with β-lactoglobulin may have important implication. 28254574 3 17 theme galactopyranosyl 488:503 arg1 chain 510:514 β-1,3-linked galactopyranosyl main chain 475:514 β-1,3-linked galactopyranosyl main chain substituted at O-6 position with side chains containing galactose and arabinose residues 475:603 This AGP (310×103g/mol), which is water-soluble, contains β-1,3-linked galactopyranosyl main chain substituted at O-6 position with side chains containing galactose and arabinose residues. 28254574 6 18 theme AGP 994:996 arg1 mixture 983:989 mixture 983:989 mixture of AGP and β-lactoglobulin 983:1016 Moreover, mixture of AGP and β-lactoglobulin form stable water soluble complex having binding constant K=2.38×106/M. 28254574 4 19 theme enzymatic 808:816 arg1 methods 818:824 chemical and enzymatic methods 795:824 chemical and enzymatic methods 795:824 Also data on sugar composition, ring size, glycosidic linkage pattern, anomeric configuration and sequence of monosaccharide units of a number of oligosaccharides produced from this AGP by chemical and enzymatic methods were acquired. 28254574 0 20 with interaction 100:110 arg1 β-lactoglobulin 117:131 β-lactoglobulin 117:131 β-lactoglobulin 117:131 Structural insight of an antioxidative arabinogalactan protein of Aegle marmelos fruit gum and it's interaction with β-lactoglobulin. 28254574 3 21 theme main 505:508 arg1 chain 510:514 β-1,3-linked galactopyranosyl main chain 475:514 β-1,3-linked galactopyranosyl main chain substituted at O-6 position with side chains containing galactose and arabinose residues 475:603 This AGP (310×103g/mol), which is water-soluble, contains β-1,3-linked galactopyranosyl main chain substituted at O-6 position with side chains containing galactose and arabinose residues. 28254574 1 22 theme AGP 179:181 arg1 structure 184:192 arabinogalactan protein (AGP) structure 154:192 arabinogalactan protein (AGP) structure 154:192 The complication of arabinogalactan protein (AGP) structure, a significant ingredient of gum polysaccharides, not merely hinders the allocation of its role, but restricts its utilization as well. 28254574 0 23 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 insight 11:17 Structural insight 0:17 Structural insight of an antioxidative arabinogalactan protein of Aegle marmelos fruit gum 0:89 Structural insight of an antioxidative arabinogalactan protein of Aegle marmelos fruit gum and it's interaction with β-lactoglobulin. 28254574 7 24 theme important 1117:1125 arg1 materials 1131:1139 important raw materials 1117:1139 important raw materials of food industry discovering an antioxidative gum with the ability of creating stable water soluble complex with β-lactoglobulin may have important implication 1117:1299 As gum polysaccharides are important raw materials of food industry discovering an antioxidative gum with the ability of creating stable water soluble complex with β-lactoglobulin may have important implication. 28254574 7 24 theme important 1117:1125 arg1 polysaccharides 1097:1111 polysaccharides 1097:1111 polysaccharides 1097:1111 As gum polysaccharides are important raw materials of food industry discovering an antioxidative gum with the ability of creating stable water soluble complex with β-lactoglobulin may have important implication. 28254574 5 25 theme standard 950:957 arg1 antioxidants 959:970 standard antioxidants 950:970 standard antioxidants 950:970 Biochemical analysis reveals resemblance in antioxidative potential between this arabinogalactan protein and standard antioxidants. 28254574 2 26 theme structural 348:357 arg1 details 359:365 structural details 348:365 structural details of an AGP purified from Aegle marmelos fruit gum 348:414 Here, we describe structural details of an AGP purified from Aegle marmelos fruit gum. 28254574 2 27 theme fruit 406:410 arg1 gum 412:414 Aegle marmelos fruit gum 391:414 Aegle marmelos fruit gum 391:414 Here, we describe structural details of an AGP purified from Aegle marmelos fruit gum. 28254574 7 28 with complex 1241:1247 arg1 β-lactoglobulin 1254:1268 β-lactoglobulin 1254:1268 β-lactoglobulin 1254:1268 As gum polysaccharides are important raw materials of food industry discovering an antioxidative gum with the ability of creating stable water soluble complex with β-lactoglobulin may have important implication. 28254574 4 29 theme units 731:735 arg1 sequence 704:711 sequence 704:711 sequence 704:711 Also data on sugar composition, ring size, glycosidic linkage pattern, anomeric configuration and sequence of monosaccharide units of a number of oligosaccharides produced from this AGP by chemical and enzymatic methods were acquired. 28254574 4 29 theme units 731:735 arg1 pattern 668:674 glycosidic linkage pattern 649:674 glycosidic linkage pattern 649:674 Also data on sugar composition, ring size, glycosidic linkage pattern, anomeric configuration and sequence of monosaccharide units of a number of oligosaccharides produced from this AGP by chemical and enzymatic methods were acquired. 28254574 4 29 theme units 731:735 arg1 configuration 686:698 anomeric configuration 677:698 anomeric configuration 677:698 Also data on sugar composition, ring size, glycosidic linkage pattern, anomeric configuration and sequence of monosaccharide units of a number of oligosaccharides produced from this AGP by chemical and enzymatic methods were acquired. 28254574 4 29 theme units 731:735 arg1 composition 625:635 sugar composition 619:635 sugar composition 619:635 Also data on sugar composition, ring size, glycosidic linkage pattern, anomeric configuration and sequence of monosaccharide units of a number of oligosaccharides produced from this AGP by chemical and enzymatic methods were acquired. 28254574 4 29 theme units 731:735 arg1 size 643:646 ring size 638:646 ring size 638:646 Also data on sugar composition, ring size, glycosidic linkage pattern, anomeric configuration and sequence of monosaccharide units of a number of oligosaccharides produced from this AGP by chemical and enzymatic methods were acquired. 28254574 2 30 theme Aegle 391:395 arg1 gum 412:414 Aegle marmelos fruit gum 391:414 Aegle marmelos fruit gum 391:414 Here, we describe structural details of an AGP purified from Aegle marmelos fruit gum. 28254574 2 31 theme marmelos 397:404 arg1 gum 412:414 Aegle marmelos fruit gum 391:414 Aegle marmelos fruit gum 391:414 Here, we describe structural details of an AGP purified from Aegle marmelos fruit gum. 28254574 7 32 with gum 1187:1189 arg1 ability 1200:1206 the ability 1196:1206 the ability of creating stable water soluble complex with β-lactoglobulin may have important implication 1196:1299 As gum polysaccharides are important raw materials of food industry discovering an antioxidative gum with the ability of creating stable water soluble complex with β-lactoglobulin may have important implication. 28254574 3 33 theme O-6 531:533 arg1 position 535:542 O-6 position 531:542 O-6 position 531:542 This AGP (310×103g/mol), which is water-soluble, contains β-1,3-linked galactopyranosyl main chain substituted at O-6 position with side chains containing galactose and arabinose residues. 28254574 4 34 from data 611:614 arg1 sequence 704:711 sequence 704:711 sequence 704:711 Also data on sugar composition, ring size, glycosidic linkage pattern, anomeric configuration and sequence of monosaccharide units of a number of oligosaccharides produced from this AGP by chemical and enzymatic methods were acquired. 28254574 4 34 from data 611:614 arg1 pattern 668:674 glycosidic linkage pattern 649:674 glycosidic linkage pattern 649:674 Also data on sugar composition, ring size, glycosidic linkage pattern, anomeric configuration and sequence of monosaccharide units of a number of oligosaccharides produced from this AGP by chemical and enzymatic methods were acquired. 28254574 4 34 from data 611:614 arg1 configuration 686:698 anomeric configuration 677:698 anomeric configuration 677:698 Also data on sugar composition, ring size, glycosidic linkage pattern, anomeric configuration and sequence of monosaccharide units of a number of oligosaccharides produced from this AGP by chemical and enzymatic methods were acquired. 28254574 4 34 from data 611:614 arg1 composition 625:635 sugar composition 619:635 sugar composition 619:635 Also data on sugar composition, ring size, glycosidic linkage pattern, anomeric configuration and sequence of monosaccharide units of a number of oligosaccharides produced from this AGP by chemical and enzymatic methods were acquired. 28254574 4 34 from data 611:614 arg1 size 643:646 ring size 638:646 ring size 638:646 Also data on sugar composition, ring size, glycosidic linkage pattern, anomeric configuration and sequence of monosaccharide units of a number of oligosaccharides produced from this AGP by chemical and enzymatic methods were acquired. 28254574 0 35 theme arabinogalactan 39:53 arg1 protein 55:61 an antioxidative arabinogalactan protein 22:61 an antioxidative arabinogalactan protein of Aegle marmelos fruit gum 22:89 Structural insight of an antioxidative arabinogalactan protein of Aegle marmelos fruit gum and it's interaction with β-lactoglobulin. 28254574 1 36 theme role 285:288 arg1 allocation 267:276 the allocation 263:276 the allocation of its role 263:288 The complication of arabinogalactan protein (AGP) structure, a significant ingredient of gum polysaccharides, not merely hinders the allocation of its role, but restricts its utilization as well. 28254574 4 37 theme sugar 619:623 arg1 composition 625:635 sugar composition 619:635 sugar composition 619:635 Also data on sugar composition, ring size, glycosidic linkage pattern, anomeric configuration and sequence of monosaccharide units of a number of oligosaccharides produced from this AGP by chemical and enzymatic methods were acquired. 28254574 1 38 theme structure 184:192 arg1 complication 138:149 The complication 134:149 The complication of arabinogalactan protein (AGP) structure 134:192 The complication of arabinogalactan protein (AGP) structure, a significant ingredient of gum polysaccharides, not merely hinders the allocation of its role, but restricts its utilization as well. 28254574 1 38 theme structure 184:192 arg1 ingredient 209:218 a significant ingredient 195:218 a significant ingredient of gum polysaccharides 195:241 The complication of arabinogalactan protein (AGP) structure, a significant ingredient of gum polysaccharides, not merely hinders the allocation of its role, but restricts its utilization as well. 28254574 1 39 theme significant 197:207 arg1 complication 138:149 The complication 134:149 The complication of arabinogalactan protein (AGP) structure 134:192 The complication of arabinogalactan protein (AGP) structure, a significant ingredient of gum polysaccharides, not merely hinders the allocation of its role, but restricts its utilization as well. 28254574 1 39 theme significant 197:207 arg1 ingredient 209:218 a significant ingredient 195:218 a significant ingredient of gum polysaccharides 195:241 The complication of arabinogalactan protein (AGP) structure, a significant ingredient of gum polysaccharides, not merely hinders the allocation of its role, but restricts its utilization as well. 28254574 0 40 theme antioxidative 25:37 arg1 protein 55:61 an antioxidative arabinogalactan protein 22:61 an antioxidative arabinogalactan protein of Aegle marmelos fruit gum 22:89 Structural insight of an antioxidative arabinogalactan protein of Aegle marmelos fruit gum and it's interaction with β-lactoglobulin. 28254574 3 41 link β-1,3-linked 475:486 arg1 chain 510:514 β-1,3-linked galactopyranosyl main chain 475:514 β-1,3-linked galactopyranosyl main chain substituted at O-6 position with side chains containing galactose and arabinose residues 475:603 This AGP (310×103g/mol), which is water-soluble, contains β-1,3-linked galactopyranosyl main chain substituted at O-6 position with side chains containing galactose and arabinose residues. 28254574 6 42 theme water 1030:1034 arg1 complex 1044:1050 stable water soluble complex 1023:1050 stable water soluble complex having binding constant K=2.38×106/M 1023:1087 Moreover, mixture of AGP and β-lactoglobulin form stable water soluble complex having binding constant K=2.38×106/M. 28254574 2 43 theme AGP 373:375 arg1 details 359:365 structural details 348:365 structural details of an AGP purified from Aegle marmelos fruit gum 348:414 Here, we describe structural details of an AGP purified from Aegle marmelos fruit gum. 28254574 3 44 theme side 549:552 arg1 chains 554:559 side chains 549:559 side chains containing galactose and arabinose residues 549:603 This AGP (310×103g/mol), which is water-soluble, contains β-1,3-linked galactopyranosyl main chain substituted at O-6 position with side chains containing galactose and arabinose residues. 28254574 4 45 theme anomeric 677:684 arg1 configuration 686:698 anomeric configuration 677:698 anomeric configuration 677:698 Also data on sugar composition, ring size, glycosidic linkage pattern, anomeric configuration and sequence of monosaccharide units of a number of oligosaccharides produced from this AGP by chemical and enzymatic methods were acquired. 28254574 0 46 theme protein 55:61 arg1 insight 11:17 Structural insight 0:17 Structural insight of an antioxidative arabinogalactan protein of Aegle marmelos fruit gum 0:89 Structural insight of an antioxidative arabinogalactan protein of Aegle marmelos fruit gum and it's interaction with β-lactoglobulin. 28254574 0 46 theme protein 55:61 arg1 interaction 100:110 it's interaction 95:110 it's interaction with β-lactoglobulin 95:131 Structural insight of an antioxidative arabinogalactan protein of Aegle marmelos fruit gum and it's interaction with β-lactoglobulin. 28254574 4 47 theme chemical 795:802 arg1 methods 818:824 chemical and enzymatic methods 795:824 chemical and enzymatic methods 795:824 Also data on sugar composition, ring size, glycosidic linkage pattern, anomeric configuration and sequence of monosaccharide units of a number of oligosaccharides produced from this AGP by chemical and enzymatic methods were acquired. 28254574 0 48 with insight 11:17 arg1 β-lactoglobulin 117:131 β-lactoglobulin 117:131 β-lactoglobulin 117:131 Structural insight of an antioxidative arabinogalactan protein of Aegle marmelos fruit gum and it's interaction with β-lactoglobulin. 28254574 4 49 theme ring 638:641 arg1 size 643:646 ring size 638:646 ring size 638:646 Also data on sugar composition, ring size, glycosidic linkage pattern, anomeric configuration and sequence of monosaccharide units of a number of oligosaccharides produced from this AGP by chemical and enzymatic methods were acquired. 28254574 7 50 theme antioxidative 1173:1185 arg1 gum 1187:1189 an antioxidative gum 1170:1189 an antioxidative gum with the ability of creating stable water soluble complex with β-lactoglobulin may have important implication 1170:1299 As gum polysaccharides are important raw materials of food industry discovering an antioxidative gum with the ability of creating stable water soluble complex with β-lactoglobulin may have important implication. 28254574 6 51 theme soluble 1036:1042 arg1 complex 1044:1050 stable water soluble complex 1023:1050 stable water soluble complex having binding constant K=2.38×106/M 1023:1087 Moreover, mixture of AGP and β-lactoglobulin form stable water soluble complex having binding constant K=2.38×106/M. 28254574 5 52 theme arabinogalactan 922:936 arg1 protein 938:944 this arabinogalactan protein 917:944 this arabinogalactan protein 917:944 Biochemical analysis reveals resemblance in antioxidative potential between this arabinogalactan protein and standard antioxidants. 28254574 4 53 theme number 742:747 arg1 units 731:735 monosaccharide units 716:735 monosaccharide units of a number of oligosaccharides produced from this AGP by chemical and enzymatic methods 716:824 Also data on sugar composition, ring size, glycosidic linkage pattern, anomeric configuration and sequence of monosaccharide units of a number of oligosaccharides produced from this AGP by chemical and enzymatic methods were acquired. 28254574 4 54 theme oligosaccharides 752:767 arg1 number 742:747 a number 740:747 a number of oligosaccharides produced from this AGP by chemical and enzymatic methods 740:824 Also data on sugar composition, ring size, glycosidic linkage pattern, anomeric configuration and sequence of monosaccharide units of a number of oligosaccharides produced from this AGP by chemical and enzymatic methods were acquired. 28254574 1 55 theme gum 223:225 arg1 polysaccharides 227:241 gum polysaccharides 223:241 gum polysaccharides 223:241 The complication of arabinogalactan protein (AGP) structure, a significant ingredient of gum polysaccharides, not merely hinders the allocation of its role, but restricts its utilization as well. 28254574 0 56 theme marmelos 72:79 arg1 gum 87:89 Aegle marmelos fruit gum 66:89 Aegle marmelos fruit gum 66:89 Structural insight of an antioxidative arabinogalactan protein of Aegle marmelos fruit gum and it's interaction with β-lactoglobulin. 28254574 4 57 theme glycosidic 649:658 arg1 pattern 668:674 glycosidic linkage pattern 649:674 glycosidic linkage pattern 649:674 Also data on sugar composition, ring size, glycosidic linkage pattern, anomeric configuration and sequence of monosaccharide units of a number of oligosaccharides produced from this AGP by chemical and enzymatic methods were acquired. 28254574 5 58 theme Biochemical 841:851 arg1 analysis 853:860 Biochemical analysis 841:860 Biochemical analysis 841:860 Biochemical analysis reveals resemblance in antioxidative potential between this arabinogalactan protein and standard antioxidants. 28254574 1 59 theme polysaccharides 227:241 arg1 complication 138:149 The complication 134:149 The complication of arabinogalactan protein (AGP) structure 134:192 The complication of arabinogalactan protein (AGP) structure, a significant ingredient of gum polysaccharides, not merely hinders the allocation of its role, but restricts its utilization as well. 28254574 1 59 theme polysaccharides 227:241 arg1 ingredient 209:218 a significant ingredient 195:218 a significant ingredient of gum polysaccharides 195:241 The complication of arabinogalactan protein (AGP) structure, a significant ingredient of gum polysaccharides, not merely hinders the allocation of its role, but restricts its utilization as well. 28254574 0 60 theme Aegle 66:70 arg1 gum 87:89 Aegle marmelos fruit gum 66:89 Aegle marmelos fruit gum 66:89 Structural insight of an antioxidative arabinogalactan protein of Aegle marmelos fruit gum and it's interaction with β-lactoglobulin. 28254574 7 61 theme stable 1220:1225 arg1 complex 1241:1247 stable water soluble complex 1220:1247 stable water soluble complex with β-lactoglobulin 1220:1268 As gum polysaccharides are important raw materials of food industry discovering an antioxidative gum with the ability of creating stable water soluble complex with β-lactoglobulin may have important implication. 28254574 6 62 theme stable 1023:1028 arg1 complex 1044:1050 stable water soluble complex 1023:1050 stable water soluble complex having binding constant K=2.38×106/M 1023:1087 Moreover, mixture of AGP and β-lactoglobulin form stable water soluble complex having binding constant K=2.38×106/M. 28254574 7 63 contain have 1274:1277 arg1 complex 1241:1247 stable water soluble complex 1220:1247 stable water soluble complex with β-lactoglobulin 1220:1268 As gum polysaccharides are important raw materials of food industry discovering an antioxidative gum with the ability of creating stable water soluble complex with β-lactoglobulin may have important implication. 28254574 7 63 contain have 1274:1277 arg2 implication 1289:1299 important implication 1279:1299 important implication 1279:1299 As gum polysaccharides are important raw materials of food industry discovering an antioxidative gum with the ability of creating stable water soluble complex with β-lactoglobulin may have important implication. 28254574 3 64 theme β-1,3-linked 475:486 arg1 chain 510:514 β-1,3-linked galactopyranosyl main chain 475:514 β-1,3-linked galactopyranosyl main chain substituted at O-6 position with side chains containing galactose and arabinose residues 475:603 This AGP (310×103g/mol), which is water-soluble, contains β-1,3-linked galactopyranosyl main chain substituted at O-6 position with side chains containing galactose and arabinose residues. 28254574 7 65 theme important 1279:1287 arg1 implication 1289:1299 important implication 1279:1299 important implication 1279:1299 As gum polysaccharides are important raw materials of food industry discovering an antioxidative gum with the ability of creating stable water soluble complex with β-lactoglobulin may have important implication. 28254574 6 66 theme binding 1059:1065 arg1 constant 1067:1074 binding constant K=2.38×106/M 1059:1087 binding constant K=2.38×106/M 1059:1087 Moreover, mixture of AGP and β-lactoglobulin form stable water soluble complex having binding constant K=2.38×106/M. 28962752 4 0 from CSMS 734:737 arg1 amputation 755:764 the rat tail amputation 742:764 the rat tail amputation 742:764 The hemostatic time of CSMS-K3 in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models was down to respective 120 and 99s from 183 and 134s of CSMS, and the blood loss of CSMS-K3 was respectively 65% and 36% of that of CSMS in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models. 28962752 4 1 theme models 595:600 arg1 down 606:609 down 606:609 down 606:609 The hemostatic time of CSMS-K3 in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models was down to respective 120 and 99s from 183 and 134s of CSMS, and the blood loss of CSMS-K3 was respectively 65% and 36% of that of CSMS in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models. 28962752 4 1 theme models 595:600 arg1 time 531:534 The hemostatic time 516:534 The hemostatic time of CSMS-K3 in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models 516:600 The hemostatic time of CSMS-K3 in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models was down to respective 120 and 99s from 183 and 134s of CSMS, and the blood loss of CSMS-K3 was respectively 65% and 36% of that of CSMS in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models. 28962752 5 2 theme blood 863:867 arg1 clots 869:873 larger blood clots 856:873 larger blood clots 856:873 The whole blood clotting kinetics proved that CSMS-K3 formed larger blood clots than CSMS and Celox within a same time period. 28962752 3 3 dep chitosan 397:404 arg1 components 417:426 components 417:426 components 417:426 The synergetic hemostatic competence of chitosan and kaolin components made the hemostatic efficacy of CSMS-K superior to chitosan porous microspheres (CSMS). 28962752 4 4 theme blood 672:676 arg1 loss 678:681 the blood loss 668:681 the blood loss of CSMS-K3 668:692 The hemostatic time of CSMS-K3 in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models was down to respective 120 and 99s from 183 and 134s of CSMS, and the blood loss of CSMS-K3 was respectively 65% and 36% of that of CSMS in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models. 28962752 4 4 theme blood 672:676 arg1 that 726:729 that 726:729 that 726:729 The hemostatic time of CSMS-K3 in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models was down to respective 120 and 99s from 183 and 134s of CSMS, and the blood loss of CSMS-K3 was respectively 65% and 36% of that of CSMS in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models. 28962752 4 4 theme blood 672:676 arg1 % 713:713 65% 711:713 65% 711:713 The hemostatic time of CSMS-K3 in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models was down to respective 120 and 99s from 183 and 134s of CSMS, and the blood loss of CSMS-K3 was respectively 65% and 36% of that of CSMS in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models. 28962752 1 5 theme induced 273:279 arg1 separation 287:296 thermally induced phase separation 263:296 thermally induced phase separation 263:296 The hemostatic performance of chitosan was greatly improved by blending it with kaolin to fabricate porous composite microspheres (CSMS-K) through inverse emulsion method combining with thermally induced phase separation. 28962752 3 6 theme hemostatic 372:381 arg1 competence 383:392 The synergetic hemostatic competence 357:392 The synergetic hemostatic competence of chitosan and kaolin components 357:426 The synergetic hemostatic competence of chitosan and kaolin components made the hemostatic efficacy of CSMS-K superior to chitosan porous microspheres (CSMS). 28962752 1 7 theme phase 281:285 arg1 separation 287:296 thermally induced phase separation 263:296 thermally induced phase separation 263:296 The hemostatic performance of chitosan was greatly improved by blending it with kaolin to fabricate porous composite microspheres (CSMS-K) through inverse emulsion method combining with thermally induced phase separation. 28962752 5 8 theme same 904:907 arg1 period 914:919 a same time period 902:919 a same time period 902:919 The whole blood clotting kinetics proved that CSMS-K3 formed larger blood clots than CSMS and Celox within a same time period. 28962752 5 9 theme whole 799:803 arg1 blood 805:809 The whole blood 795:809 The whole blood clotting kinetics 795:827 The whole blood clotting kinetics proved that CSMS-K3 formed larger blood clots than CSMS and Celox within a same time period. 28962752 5 10 theme larger 856:861 arg1 clots 869:873 larger blood clots 856:873 larger blood clots 856:873 The whole blood clotting kinetics proved that CSMS-K3 formed larger blood clots than CSMS and Celox within a same time period. 28962752 6 11 theme hemorrhaging 1015:1026 arg1 control 1028:1034 traumatic hemorrhaging control 1005:1034 traumatic hemorrhaging control 1005:1034 Our results suggested that the CSMS-K is a potential quick pro-coagulant agent for traumatic hemorrhaging control. 28962752 1 12 theme hemostatic 81:90 arg1 performance 92:102 The hemostatic performance 77:102 The hemostatic performance of chitosan 77:114 The hemostatic performance of chitosan was greatly improved by blending it with kaolin to fabricate porous composite microspheres (CSMS-K) through inverse emulsion method combining with thermally induced phase separation. 28962752 1 13 theme porous 177:182 arg1 microspheres 194:205 porous composite microspheres 177:205 porous composite microspheres (CSMS-K) 177:214 The hemostatic performance of chitosan was greatly improved by blending it with kaolin to fabricate porous composite microspheres (CSMS-K) through inverse emulsion method combining with thermally induced phase separation. 28962752 1 13 theme porous 177:182 arg1 CSMS-K 208:213 CSMS-K 208:213 CSMS-K 208:213 The hemostatic performance of chitosan was greatly improved by blending it with kaolin to fabricate porous composite microspheres (CSMS-K) through inverse emulsion method combining with thermally induced phase separation. 28962752 3 14 theme synergetic 361:370 arg1 competence 383:392 The synergetic hemostatic competence 357:392 The synergetic hemostatic competence of chitosan and kaolin components 357:426 The synergetic hemostatic competence of chitosan and kaolin components made the hemostatic efficacy of CSMS-K superior to chitosan porous microspheres (CSMS). 28962752 4 15 from models 787:792 arg1 amputation 755:764 the rat tail amputation 742:764 the rat tail amputation 742:764 The hemostatic time of CSMS-K3 in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models was down to respective 120 and 99s from 183 and 134s of CSMS, and the blood loss of CSMS-K3 was respectively 65% and 36% of that of CSMS in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models. 28962752 4 16 theme laceration 776:785 arg1 models 787:792 liver laceration models 770:792 liver laceration models 770:792 The hemostatic time of CSMS-K3 in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models was down to respective 120 and 99s from 183 and 134s of CSMS, and the blood loss of CSMS-K3 was respectively 65% and 36% of that of CSMS in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models. 28962752 3 17 theme kaolin 410:415 arg1 competence 383:392 The synergetic hemostatic competence 357:392 The synergetic hemostatic competence of chitosan and kaolin components 357:426 The synergetic hemostatic competence of chitosan and kaolin components made the hemostatic efficacy of CSMS-K superior to chitosan porous microspheres (CSMS). 28962752 1 18 theme composite 184:192 arg1 microspheres 194:205 porous composite microspheres 177:205 porous composite microspheres (CSMS-K) 177:214 The hemostatic performance of chitosan was greatly improved by blending it with kaolin to fabricate porous composite microspheres (CSMS-K) through inverse emulsion method combining with thermally induced phase separation. 28962752 1 18 theme composite 184:192 arg1 CSMS-K 208:213 CSMS-K 208:213 CSMS-K 208:213 The hemostatic performance of chitosan was greatly improved by blending it with kaolin to fabricate porous composite microspheres (CSMS-K) through inverse emulsion method combining with thermally induced phase separation. 28962752 0 19 theme composite 16:24 arg1 microspheres 33:44 Chitosan/kaolin composite porous microspheres 0:44 Chitosan/kaolin composite porous microspheres 0:44 Chitosan/kaolin composite porous microspheres with high hemostatic efficacy. 28962752 2 20 theme interior 329:336 arg1 pores 350:354 surface pores 342:354 surface pores 342:354 The CSMS-K had high amount of interior and surface pores. 28962752 2 20 theme interior 329:336 arg1 amount 319:324 high amount 314:324 high amount of interior and surface pores 314:354 The CSMS-K had high amount of interior and surface pores. 28962752 2 20 theme interior 329:336 arg1 interior 329:336 interior 329:336 interior 329:336 The CSMS-K had high amount of interior and surface pores. 28962752 0 21 theme Chitosan/kaolin 0:14 arg1 microspheres 33:44 Chitosan/kaolin composite porous microspheres 0:44 Chitosan/kaolin composite porous microspheres 0:44 Chitosan/kaolin composite porous microspheres with high hemostatic efficacy. 28962752 1 22 theme chitosan 107:114 arg1 performance 92:102 The hemostatic performance 77:102 The hemostatic performance of chitosan 77:114 The hemostatic performance of chitosan was greatly improved by blending it with kaolin to fabricate porous composite microspheres (CSMS-K) through inverse emulsion method combining with thermally induced phase separation. 28962752 4 23 theme CSMS 658:661 arg1 183 642:644 183 642:644 183 642:644 The hemostatic time of CSMS-K3 in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models was down to respective 120 and 99s from 183 and 134s of CSMS, and the blood loss of CSMS-K3 was respectively 65% and 36% of that of CSMS in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models. 28962752 4 23 theme CSMS 658:661 arg1 CSMS 658:661 CSMS 658:661 CSMS 658:661 The hemostatic time of CSMS-K3 in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models was down to respective 120 and 99s from 183 and 134s of CSMS, and the blood loss of CSMS-K3 was respectively 65% and 36% of that of CSMS in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models. 28962752 4 24 from amputation 563:572 arg1 CSMS-K3 539:545 CSMS-K3 539:545 CSMS-K3 539:545 The hemostatic time of CSMS-K3 in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models was down to respective 120 and 99s from 183 and 134s of CSMS, and the blood loss of CSMS-K3 was respectively 65% and 36% of that of CSMS in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models. 28962752 4 25 theme tail 558:561 arg1 amputation 563:572 the rat tail amputation 550:572 the rat tail amputation 550:572 The hemostatic time of CSMS-K3 in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models was down to respective 120 and 99s from 183 and 134s of CSMS, and the blood loss of CSMS-K3 was respectively 65% and 36% of that of CSMS in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models. 28962752 3 26 theme porous 488:493 arg1 CSMS 509:512 CSMS 509:512 CSMS 509:512 The synergetic hemostatic competence of chitosan and kaolin components made the hemostatic efficacy of CSMS-K superior to chitosan porous microspheres (CSMS). 28962752 3 26 theme porous 488:493 arg1 microspheres 495:506 chitosan porous microspheres 479:506 chitosan porous microspheres (CSMS) 479:513 The synergetic hemostatic competence of chitosan and kaolin components made the hemostatic efficacy of CSMS-K superior to chitosan porous microspheres (CSMS). 28962752 0 27 theme porous 26:31 arg1 microspheres 33:44 Chitosan/kaolin composite porous microspheres 0:44 Chitosan/kaolin composite porous microspheres 0:44 Chitosan/kaolin composite porous microspheres with high hemostatic efficacy. 28962752 4 28 theme liver 578:582 arg1 models 595:600 CSMS-K3 in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models 539:600 CSMS-K3 in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models 539:600 The hemostatic time of CSMS-K3 in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models was down to respective 120 and 99s from 183 and 134s of CSMS, and the blood loss of CSMS-K3 was respectively 65% and 36% of that of CSMS in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models. 28962752 5 29 theme time 909:912 arg1 period 914:919 a same time period 902:919 a same time period 902:919 The whole blood clotting kinetics proved that CSMS-K3 formed larger blood clots than CSMS and Celox within a same time period. 28962752 2 30 theme high 314:317 arg1 pores 350:354 surface pores 342:354 surface pores 342:354 The CSMS-K had high amount of interior and surface pores. 28962752 2 30 theme high 314:317 arg1 amount 319:324 high amount 314:324 high amount of interior and surface pores 314:354 The CSMS-K had high amount of interior and surface pores. 28962752 2 30 theme high 314:317 arg1 interior 329:336 interior 329:336 interior 329:336 The CSMS-K had high amount of interior and surface pores. 28962752 4 31 theme laceration 584:593 arg1 models 595:600 CSMS-K3 in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models 539:600 CSMS-K3 in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models 539:600 The hemostatic time of CSMS-K3 in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models was down to respective 120 and 99s from 183 and 134s of CSMS, and the blood loss of CSMS-K3 was respectively 65% and 36% of that of CSMS in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models. 28962752 6 32 theme quick 975:979 arg1 CSMS-K 953:958 the CSMS-K 949:958 the CSMS-K 949:958 Our results suggested that the CSMS-K is a potential quick pro-coagulant agent for traumatic hemorrhaging control. 28962752 6 32 theme quick 975:979 arg1 agent 995:999 a potential quick pro-coagulant agent 963:999 a potential quick pro-coagulant agent for traumatic hemorrhaging control 963:1034 Our results suggested that the CSMS-K is a potential quick pro-coagulant agent for traumatic hemorrhaging control. 28962752 0 33 theme high 51:54 arg1 efficacy 67:74 high hemostatic efficacy 51:74 high hemostatic efficacy 51:74 Chitosan/kaolin composite porous microspheres with high hemostatic efficacy. 28962752 2 34 contain had 310:312 arg1 CSMS-K 303:308 The CSMS-K 299:308 The CSMS-K 299:308 The CSMS-K had high amount of interior and surface pores. 28962752 2 34 contain had 310:312 arg2 interior 329:336 interior 329:336 interior 329:336 The CSMS-K had high amount of interior and surface pores. 28962752 2 34 contain had 310:312 arg2 amount 319:324 high amount 314:324 high amount of interior and surface pores 314:354 The CSMS-K had high amount of interior and surface pores. 28962752 2 34 contain had 310:312 arg2 pores 350:354 surface pores 342:354 surface pores 342:354 The CSMS-K had high amount of interior and surface pores. 28962752 6 35 theme potential 965:973 arg1 CSMS-K 953:958 the CSMS-K 949:958 the CSMS-K 949:958 Our results suggested that the CSMS-K is a potential quick pro-coagulant agent for traumatic hemorrhaging control. 28962752 6 35 theme potential 965:973 arg1 agent 995:999 a potential quick pro-coagulant agent 963:999 a potential quick pro-coagulant agent for traumatic hemorrhaging control 963:1034 Our results suggested that the CSMS-K is a potential quick pro-coagulant agent for traumatic hemorrhaging control. 28962752 3 36 theme CSMS-K 460:465 arg1 efficacy 448:455 the hemostatic efficacy 433:455 the hemostatic efficacy of CSMS-K 433:465 The synergetic hemostatic competence of chitosan and kaolin components made the hemostatic efficacy of CSMS-K superior to chitosan porous microspheres (CSMS). 28962752 3 37 theme hemostatic 437:446 arg1 efficacy 448:455 the hemostatic efficacy 433:455 the hemostatic efficacy of CSMS-K 433:465 The synergetic hemostatic competence of chitosan and kaolin components made the hemostatic efficacy of CSMS-K superior to chitosan porous microspheres (CSMS). 28962752 4 38 theme tail 750:753 arg1 amputation 755:764 the rat tail amputation 742:764 the rat tail amputation 742:764 The hemostatic time of CSMS-K3 in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models was down to respective 120 and 99s from 183 and 134s of CSMS, and the blood loss of CSMS-K3 was respectively 65% and 36% of that of CSMS in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models. 28962752 0 39 with microspheres 33:44 arg1 efficacy 67:74 high hemostatic efficacy 51:74 high hemostatic efficacy 51:74 Chitosan/kaolin composite porous microspheres with high hemostatic efficacy. 28962752 1 40 theme inverse 224:230 arg1 method 241:246 inverse emulsion method 224:246 inverse emulsion method combining with thermally induced phase separation 224:296 The hemostatic performance of chitosan was greatly improved by blending it with kaolin to fabricate porous composite microspheres (CSMS-K) through inverse emulsion method combining with thermally induced phase separation. 28962752 4 41 theme CSMS-K3 539:545 arg1 models 595:600 CSMS-K3 in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models 539:600 CSMS-K3 in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models 539:600 The hemostatic time of CSMS-K3 in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models was down to respective 120 and 99s from 183 and 134s of CSMS, and the blood loss of CSMS-K3 was respectively 65% and 36% of that of CSMS in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models. 28962752 4 42 from CSMS-K3 539:545 arg1 amputation 563:572 the rat tail amputation 550:572 the rat tail amputation 550:572 The hemostatic time of CSMS-K3 in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models was down to respective 120 and 99s from 183 and 134s of CSMS, and the blood loss of CSMS-K3 was respectively 65% and 36% of that of CSMS in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models. 28962752 4 43 theme liver 770:774 arg1 models 787:792 liver laceration models 770:792 liver laceration models 770:792 The hemostatic time of CSMS-K3 in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models was down to respective 120 and 99s from 183 and 134s of CSMS, and the blood loss of CSMS-K3 was respectively 65% and 36% of that of CSMS in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models. 28962752 4 44 theme CSMS-K3 686:692 arg1 loss 678:681 the blood loss 668:681 the blood loss of CSMS-K3 668:692 The hemostatic time of CSMS-K3 in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models was down to respective 120 and 99s from 183 and 134s of CSMS, and the blood loss of CSMS-K3 was respectively 65% and 36% of that of CSMS in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models. 28962752 4 44 theme CSMS-K3 686:692 arg1 that 726:729 that 726:729 that 726:729 The hemostatic time of CSMS-K3 in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models was down to respective 120 and 99s from 183 and 134s of CSMS, and the blood loss of CSMS-K3 was respectively 65% and 36% of that of CSMS in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models. 28962752 4 44 theme CSMS-K3 686:692 arg1 % 713:713 65% 711:713 65% 711:713 The hemostatic time of CSMS-K3 in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models was down to respective 120 and 99s from 183 and 134s of CSMS, and the blood loss of CSMS-K3 was respectively 65% and 36% of that of CSMS in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models. 28962752 0 45 theme hemostatic 56:65 arg1 efficacy 67:74 high hemostatic efficacy 51:74 high hemostatic efficacy 51:74 Chitosan/kaolin composite porous microspheres with high hemostatic efficacy. 28962752 4 46 theme rat 554:556 arg1 amputation 563:572 the rat tail amputation 550:572 the rat tail amputation 550:572 The hemostatic time of CSMS-K3 in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models was down to respective 120 and 99s from 183 and 134s of CSMS, and the blood loss of CSMS-K3 was respectively 65% and 36% of that of CSMS in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models. 28962752 2 47 theme pores 350:354 arg1 pores 350:354 surface pores 342:354 surface pores 342:354 The CSMS-K had high amount of interior and surface pores. 28962752 2 47 theme pores 350:354 arg1 amount 319:324 high amount 314:324 high amount of interior and surface pores 314:354 The CSMS-K had high amount of interior and surface pores. 28962752 2 47 theme pores 350:354 arg1 interior 329:336 interior 329:336 interior 329:336 The CSMS-K had high amount of interior and surface pores. 28962752 2 48 theme surface 342:348 arg1 pores 350:354 surface pores 342:354 surface pores 342:354 The CSMS-K had high amount of interior and surface pores. 28962752 1 49 theme emulsion 232:239 arg1 method 241:246 inverse emulsion method 224:246 inverse emulsion method combining with thermally induced phase separation 224:296 The hemostatic performance of chitosan was greatly improved by blending it with kaolin to fabricate porous composite microspheres (CSMS-K) through inverse emulsion method combining with thermally induced phase separation. 28962752 4 50 theme that 726:729 arg1 loss 678:681 the blood loss 668:681 the blood loss of CSMS-K3 668:692 The hemostatic time of CSMS-K3 in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models was down to respective 120 and 99s from 183 and 134s of CSMS, and the blood loss of CSMS-K3 was respectively 65% and 36% of that of CSMS in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models. 28962752 4 50 theme that 726:729 arg1 that 726:729 that 726:729 that 726:729 The hemostatic time of CSMS-K3 in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models was down to respective 120 and 99s from 183 and 134s of CSMS, and the blood loss of CSMS-K3 was respectively 65% and 36% of that of CSMS in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models. 28962752 4 50 theme that 726:729 arg1 % 713:713 65% 711:713 65% 711:713 The hemostatic time of CSMS-K3 in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models was down to respective 120 and 99s from 183 and 134s of CSMS, and the blood loss of CSMS-K3 was respectively 65% and 36% of that of CSMS in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models. 28962752 4 50 theme that 726:729 arg1 % 721:721 36% 719:721 36% of that of CSMS in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models 719:792 The hemostatic time of CSMS-K3 in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models was down to respective 120 and 99s from 183 and 134s of CSMS, and the blood loss of CSMS-K3 was respectively 65% and 36% of that of CSMS in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models. 28962752 3 51 theme chitosan 479:486 arg1 CSMS 509:512 CSMS 509:512 CSMS 509:512 The synergetic hemostatic competence of chitosan and kaolin components made the hemostatic efficacy of CSMS-K superior to chitosan porous microspheres (CSMS). 28962752 3 51 theme chitosan 479:486 arg1 microspheres 495:506 chitosan porous microspheres 479:506 chitosan porous microspheres (CSMS) 479:513 The synergetic hemostatic competence of chitosan and kaolin components made the hemostatic efficacy of CSMS-K superior to chitosan porous microspheres (CSMS). 28962752 4 52 theme rat 746:748 arg1 amputation 755:764 the rat tail amputation 742:764 the rat tail amputation 742:764 The hemostatic time of CSMS-K3 in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models was down to respective 120 and 99s from 183 and 134s of CSMS, and the blood loss of CSMS-K3 was respectively 65% and 36% of that of CSMS in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models. 28962752 6 53 theme pro-coagulant 981:993 arg1 CSMS-K 953:958 the CSMS-K 949:958 the CSMS-K 949:958 Our results suggested that the CSMS-K is a potential quick pro-coagulant agent for traumatic hemorrhaging control. 28962752 6 53 theme pro-coagulant 981:993 arg1 agent 995:999 a potential quick pro-coagulant agent 963:999 a potential quick pro-coagulant agent for traumatic hemorrhaging control 963:1034 Our results suggested that the CSMS-K is a potential quick pro-coagulant agent for traumatic hemorrhaging control. 28962752 6 54 theme traumatic 1005:1013 arg1 control 1028:1034 traumatic hemorrhaging control 1005:1034 traumatic hemorrhaging control 1005:1034 Our results suggested that the CSMS-K is a potential quick pro-coagulant agent for traumatic hemorrhaging control. 28962752 4 55 theme hemostatic 520:529 arg1 down 606:609 down 606:609 down 606:609 The hemostatic time of CSMS-K3 in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models was down to respective 120 and 99s from 183 and 134s of CSMS, and the blood loss of CSMS-K3 was respectively 65% and 36% of that of CSMS in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models. 28962752 4 55 theme hemostatic 520:529 arg1 time 531:534 The hemostatic time 516:534 The hemostatic time of CSMS-K3 in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models 516:600 The hemostatic time of CSMS-K3 in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models was down to respective 120 and 99s from 183 and 134s of CSMS, and the blood loss of CSMS-K3 was respectively 65% and 36% of that of CSMS in the rat tail amputation and liver laceration models. 28962752 3 56 theme chitosan 397:404 arg1 competence 383:392 The synergetic hemostatic competence 357:392 The synergetic hemostatic competence of chitosan and kaolin components 357:426 The synergetic hemostatic competence of chitosan and kaolin components made the hemostatic efficacy of CSMS-K superior to chitosan porous microspheres (CSMS). 25778648 0 0 theme grade 75:79 arg1 burns 91:95 grade IIIB skin burns 75:95 grade IIIB skin burns 75:95 Effectiveness of composition based on oxidized dextran in the treatment of grade IIIB skin burns. 25778648 4 1 theme corresponding 1090:1102 arg1 parameters 1104:1113 the corresponding parameters 1086:1113 the corresponding parameters in untreated animals or animals treated with panthenol 1086:1168 Treatment with the composition increased volume density (by 2.5 times) and numerical density (by more than 3 times) of blood vessels in the wound and reduced signs of inflammation and fibroplastic activity of fibroblasts in comparison with the corresponding parameters in untreated animals or animals treated with panthenol. 25778648 3 2 theme sebaceous 653:661 arg1 glands 663:668 sebaceous glands 653:668 sebaceous glands 653:668 In rats treated with dextran-based composition or panthenol, the eschar was absent on day 21 after the start of the treatment; by day 32, we found cells of surface epithelium, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands above the scar tissue that were absent in untreated animals; in rats treated with the composition, their number was higher by 2.5 times than in animals treated with panthenol. 25778648 3 3 theme glands 663:668 arg1 cells 604:608 cells 604:608 cells of surface epithelium, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands 604:668 In rats treated with dextran-based composition or panthenol, the eschar was absent on day 21 after the start of the treatment; by day 32, we found cells of surface epithelium, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands above the scar tissue that were absent in untreated animals; in rats treated with the composition, their number was higher by 2.5 times than in animals treated with panthenol. 25778648 0 4 theme skin 86:89 arg1 burns 91:95 grade IIIB skin burns 75:95 grade IIIB skin burns 75:95 Effectiveness of composition based on oxidized dextran in the treatment of grade IIIB skin burns. 25778648 0 5 theme IIIB 81:84 arg1 burns 91:95 grade IIIB skin burns 75:95 grade IIIB skin burns 75:95 Effectiveness of composition based on oxidized dextran in the treatment of grade IIIB skin burns. 25778648 4 6 theme numerical 921:929 arg1 density 931:937 numerical density 921:937 numerical density (by more than 3 times) 921:960 Treatment with the composition increased volume density (by 2.5 times) and numerical density (by more than 3 times) of blood vessels in the wound and reduced signs of inflammation and fibroplastic activity of fibroblasts in comparison with the corresponding parameters in untreated animals or animals treated with panthenol. 25778648 1 7 theme 7 226:226 arg1 % 227:227 % 227:227 % 227:227 Grade IIIB skin burns were treated with a composition based on oxidized dextran with a molecular weight of 40 kDa (oxidation of 7% glucose residues). 25778648 0 8 from dextran 47:53 arg1 treatment 62:70 the treatment 58:70 the treatment of grade IIIB skin burns 58:95 Effectiveness of composition based on oxidized dextran in the treatment of grade IIIB skin burns. 25778648 4 9 from parameters 1104:1113 arg1 animals 1139:1145 animals 1139:1145 animals 1139:1145 Treatment with the composition increased volume density (by 2.5 times) and numerical density (by more than 3 times) of blood vessels in the wound and reduced signs of inflammation and fibroplastic activity of fibroblasts in comparison with the corresponding parameters in untreated animals or animals treated with panthenol. 25778648 4 9 from parameters 1104:1113 arg1 animals 1128:1134 untreated animals 1118:1134 untreated animals 1118:1134 Treatment with the composition increased volume density (by 2.5 times) and numerical density (by more than 3 times) of blood vessels in the wound and reduced signs of inflammation and fibroplastic activity of fibroblasts in comparison with the corresponding parameters in untreated animals or animals treated with panthenol. 25778648 3 10 from absent 702:707 arg1 animals 722:728 untreated animals 712:728 untreated animals 712:728 In rats treated with dextran-based composition or panthenol, the eschar was absent on day 21 after the start of the treatment; by day 32, we found cells of surface epithelium, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands above the scar tissue that were absent in untreated animals; in rats treated with the composition, their number was higher by 2.5 times than in animals treated with panthenol. 25778648 4 11 with comparison 1070:1079 arg1 parameters 1104:1113 the corresponding parameters 1086:1113 the corresponding parameters in untreated animals or animals treated with panthenol 1086:1168 Treatment with the composition increased volume density (by 2.5 times) and numerical density (by more than 3 times) of blood vessels in the wound and reduced signs of inflammation and fibroplastic activity of fibroblasts in comparison with the corresponding parameters in untreated animals or animals treated with panthenol. 25778648 0 12 theme burns 91:95 arg1 treatment 62:70 the treatment 58:70 the treatment of grade IIIB skin burns 58:95 Effectiveness of composition based on oxidized dextran in the treatment of grade IIIB skin burns. 25778648 3 13 theme follicles 638:646 arg1 cells 604:608 cells 604:608 cells of surface epithelium, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands 604:668 In rats treated with dextran-based composition or panthenol, the eschar was absent on day 21 after the start of the treatment; by day 32, we found cells of surface epithelium, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands above the scar tissue that were absent in untreated animals; in rats treated with the composition, their number was higher by 2.5 times than in animals treated with panthenol. 25778648 3 14 theme untreated 712:720 arg1 animals 722:728 untreated animals 712:728 untreated animals 712:728 In rats treated with dextran-based composition or panthenol, the eschar was absent on day 21 after the start of the treatment; by day 32, we found cells of surface epithelium, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands above the scar tissue that were absent in untreated animals; in rats treated with the composition, their number was higher by 2.5 times than in animals treated with panthenol. 25778648 4 15 from density 931:937 arg1 wound 986:990 the wound 982:990 the wound 982:990 Treatment with the composition increased volume density (by 2.5 times) and numerical density (by more than 3 times) of blood vessels in the wound and reduced signs of inflammation and fibroplastic activity of fibroblasts in comparison with the corresponding parameters in untreated animals or animals treated with panthenol. 25778648 3 16 theme treatment 573:581 arg1 start 560:564 the start 556:564 the start of the treatment 556:581 In rats treated with dextran-based composition or panthenol, the eschar was absent on day 21 after the start of the treatment; by day 32, we found cells of surface epithelium, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands above the scar tissue that were absent in untreated animals; in rats treated with the composition, their number was higher by 2.5 times than in animals treated with panthenol. 25778648 4 17 theme vessels 971:977 arg1 density 931:937 numerical density 921:937 numerical density (by more than 3 times) 921:960 Treatment with the composition increased volume density (by 2.5 times) and numerical density (by more than 3 times) of blood vessels in the wound and reduced signs of inflammation and fibroplastic activity of fibroblasts in comparison with the corresponding parameters in untreated animals or animals treated with panthenol. 25778648 4 17 theme vessels 971:977 arg1 density 894:900 volume density 887:900 volume density (by 2.5 times) 887:915 Treatment with the composition increased volume density (by 2.5 times) and numerical density (by more than 3 times) of blood vessels in the wound and reduced signs of inflammation and fibroplastic activity of fibroblasts in comparison with the corresponding parameters in untreated animals or animals treated with panthenol. 25778648 2 18 theme treatment 306:314 arg1 start 293:297 the start 289:297 the start of the treatment 289:314 On day 32 after burn infliction and from the start of the treatment, the area of skin defect in rats was 30% less than in the group without treatment and by 2.3 times less than in rats treated with panthenol. 25778648 4 19 from fibroblasts 1055:1065 arg1 comparison 1070:1079 comparison 1070:1079 comparison with the corresponding parameters in untreated animals or animals treated with panthenol 1070:1168 Treatment with the composition increased volume density (by 2.5 times) and numerical density (by more than 3 times) of blood vessels in the wound and reduced signs of inflammation and fibroplastic activity of fibroblasts in comparison with the corresponding parameters in untreated animals or animals treated with panthenol. 25778648 1 20 theme % 227:227 arg1 residues 237:244 7% glucose residues 226:244 7% glucose residues 226:244 Grade IIIB skin burns were treated with a composition based on oxidized dextran with a molecular weight of 40 kDa (oxidation of 7% glucose residues). 25778648 4 21 with Treatment 846:854 arg1 composition 865:875 the composition 861:875 the composition 861:875 Treatment with the composition increased volume density (by 2.5 times) and numerical density (by more than 3 times) of blood vessels in the wound and reduced signs of inflammation and fibroplastic activity of fibroblasts in comparison with the corresponding parameters in untreated animals or animals treated with panthenol. 25778648 1 22 theme oxidized 161:168 arg1 dextran 170:176 oxidized dextran 161:176 oxidized dextran with a molecular weight of 40 kDa (oxidation of 7% glucose residues) 161:245 Grade IIIB skin burns were treated with a composition based on oxidized dextran with a molecular weight of 40 kDa (oxidation of 7% glucose residues). 25778648 1 23 theme glucose 229:235 arg1 residues 237:244 7% glucose residues 226:244 7% glucose residues 226:244 Grade IIIB skin burns were treated with a composition based on oxidized dextran with a molecular weight of 40 kDa (oxidation of 7% glucose residues). 25778648 4 24 from comparison 1070:1079 arg1 inflammation 1013:1024 inflammation 1013:1024 inflammation 1013:1024 Treatment with the composition increased volume density (by 2.5 times) and numerical density (by more than 3 times) of blood vessels in the wound and reduced signs of inflammation and fibroplastic activity of fibroblasts in comparison with the corresponding parameters in untreated animals or animals treated with panthenol. 25778648 4 24 from comparison 1070:1079 arg1 activity 1043:1050 fibroplastic activity 1030:1050 fibroplastic activity 1030:1050 Treatment with the composition increased volume density (by 2.5 times) and numerical density (by more than 3 times) of blood vessels in the wound and reduced signs of inflammation and fibroplastic activity of fibroblasts in comparison with the corresponding parameters in untreated animals or animals treated with panthenol. 25778648 3 25 from rats 460:463 arg1 eschar 522:527 the eschar 518:527 the eschar 518:527 In rats treated with dextran-based composition or panthenol, the eschar was absent on day 21 after the start of the treatment; by day 32, we found cells of surface epithelium, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands above the scar tissue that were absent in untreated animals; in rats treated with the composition, their number was higher by 2.5 times than in animals treated with panthenol. 25778648 3 25 from rats 460:463 arg1 absent 533:538 absent 533:538 absent 533:538 In rats treated with dextran-based composition or panthenol, the eschar was absent on day 21 after the start of the treatment; by day 32, we found cells of surface epithelium, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands above the scar tissue that were absent in untreated animals; in rats treated with the composition, their number was higher by 2.5 times than in animals treated with panthenol. 25778648 2 26 theme defect 334:339 arg1 less 357:360 less 357:360 less 357:360 On day 32 after burn infliction and from the start of the treatment, the area of skin defect in rats was 30% less than in the group without treatment and by 2.3 times less than in rats treated with panthenol. 25778648 2 26 theme defect 334:339 arg1 area 321:324 the area 317:324 the area of skin defect in rats 317:347 On day 32 after burn infliction and from the start of the treatment, the area of skin defect in rats was 30% less than in the group without treatment and by 2.3 times less than in rats treated with panthenol. 25778648 0 27 theme composition 17:27 arg1 Effectiveness 0:12 Effectiveness 0:12 Effectiveness of composition 0:27 Effectiveness of composition based on oxidized dextran in the treatment of grade IIIB skin burns. 25778648 1 28 theme residues 237:244 arg1 oxidation 213:221 oxidation 213:221 oxidation of 7% glucose residues 213:244 Grade IIIB skin burns were treated with a composition based on oxidized dextran with a molecular weight of 40 kDa (oxidation of 7% glucose residues). 25778648 4 29 theme fibroblasts 1055:1065 arg1 inflammation 1013:1024 inflammation 1013:1024 inflammation 1013:1024 Treatment with the composition increased volume density (by 2.5 times) and numerical density (by more than 3 times) of blood vessels in the wound and reduced signs of inflammation and fibroplastic activity of fibroblasts in comparison with the corresponding parameters in untreated animals or animals treated with panthenol. 25778648 4 29 theme fibroblasts 1055:1065 arg1 activity 1043:1050 fibroplastic activity 1030:1050 fibroplastic activity 1030:1050 Treatment with the composition increased volume density (by 2.5 times) and numerical density (by more than 3 times) of blood vessels in the wound and reduced signs of inflammation and fibroplastic activity of fibroblasts in comparison with the corresponding parameters in untreated animals or animals treated with panthenol. 25778648 2 30 theme skin 329:332 arg1 defect 334:339 skin defect 329:339 skin defect in rats 329:347 On day 32 after burn infliction and from the start of the treatment, the area of skin defect in rats was 30% less than in the group without treatment and by 2.3 times less than in rats treated with panthenol. 25778648 0 31 theme oxidized 38:45 arg1 dextran 47:53 oxidized dextran 38:53 oxidized dextran in the treatment of grade IIIB skin burns 38:95 Effectiveness of composition based on oxidized dextran in the treatment of grade IIIB skin burns. 25778648 4 32 from density 894:900 arg1 wound 986:990 the wound 982:990 the wound 982:990 Treatment with the composition increased volume density (by 2.5 times) and numerical density (by more than 3 times) of blood vessels in the wound and reduced signs of inflammation and fibroplastic activity of fibroblasts in comparison with the corresponding parameters in untreated animals or animals treated with panthenol. 25778648 1 33 with dextran 170:176 arg1 weight 195:200 a molecular weight 183:200 a molecular weight of 40 kDa (oxidation of 7% glucose residues) 183:245 Grade IIIB skin burns were treated with a composition based on oxidized dextran with a molecular weight of 40 kDa (oxidation of 7% glucose residues). 25778648 1 34 dep kDa 208:210 arg1 oxidation 213:221 oxidation 213:221 oxidation of 7% glucose residues 213:244 Grade IIIB skin burns were treated with a composition based on oxidized dextran with a molecular weight of 40 kDa (oxidation of 7% glucose residues). 25778648 4 35 theme volume 887:892 arg1 density 894:900 volume density 887:900 volume density (by 2.5 times) 887:915 Treatment with the composition increased volume density (by 2.5 times) and numerical density (by more than 3 times) of blood vessels in the wound and reduced signs of inflammation and fibroplastic activity of fibroblasts in comparison with the corresponding parameters in untreated animals or animals treated with panthenol. 25778648 2 36 theme less 415:418 arg1 times 409:413 2.3 times 405:413 2.3 times less than in rats treated with panthenol 405:454 On day 32 after burn infliction and from the start of the treatment, the area of skin defect in rats was 30% less than in the group without treatment and by 2.3 times less than in rats treated with panthenol. 25778648 1 37 theme molecular 185:193 arg1 weight 195:200 a molecular weight 183:200 a molecular weight of 40 kDa (oxidation of 7% glucose residues) 183:245 Grade IIIB skin burns were treated with a composition based on oxidized dextran with a molecular weight of 40 kDa (oxidation of 7% glucose residues). 25778648 3 38 theme surface 613:619 arg1 epithelium 621:630 surface epithelium 613:630 surface epithelium 613:630 In rats treated with dextran-based composition or panthenol, the eschar was absent on day 21 after the start of the treatment; by day 32, we found cells of surface epithelium, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands above the scar tissue that were absent in untreated animals; in rats treated with the composition, their number was higher by 2.5 times than in animals treated with panthenol. 25778648 4 39 from activity 1043:1050 arg1 comparison 1070:1079 comparison 1070:1079 comparison with the corresponding parameters in untreated animals or animals treated with panthenol 1070:1168 Treatment with the composition increased volume density (by 2.5 times) and numerical density (by more than 3 times) of blood vessels in the wound and reduced signs of inflammation and fibroplastic activity of fibroblasts in comparison with the corresponding parameters in untreated animals or animals treated with panthenol. 25778648 1 40 theme Grade 98:102 arg1 burns 114:118 Grade IIIB skin burns 98:118 Grade IIIB skin burns 98:118 Grade IIIB skin burns were treated with a composition based on oxidized dextran with a molecular weight of 40 kDa (oxidation of 7% glucose residues). 25778648 4 41 theme untreated 1118:1126 arg1 animals 1128:1134 untreated animals 1118:1134 untreated animals 1118:1134 Treatment with the composition increased volume density (by 2.5 times) and numerical density (by more than 3 times) of blood vessels in the wound and reduced signs of inflammation and fibroplastic activity of fibroblasts in comparison with the corresponding parameters in untreated animals or animals treated with panthenol. 25778648 4 42 theme blood 965:969 arg1 vessels 971:977 blood vessels 965:977 blood vessels 965:977 Treatment with the composition increased volume density (by 2.5 times) and numerical density (by more than 3 times) of blood vessels in the wound and reduced signs of inflammation and fibroplastic activity of fibroblasts in comparison with the corresponding parameters in untreated animals or animals treated with panthenol. 25778648 1 43 theme IIIB 104:107 arg1 burns 114:118 Grade IIIB skin burns 98:118 Grade IIIB skin burns 98:118 Grade IIIB skin burns were treated with a composition based on oxidized dextran with a molecular weight of 40 kDa (oxidation of 7% glucose residues). 25778648 3 44 theme scar 680:683 arg1 tissue 685:690 the scar tissue 676:690 the scar tissue that were absent in untreated animals 676:728 In rats treated with dextran-based composition or panthenol, the eschar was absent on day 21 after the start of the treatment; by day 32, we found cells of surface epithelium, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands above the scar tissue that were absent in untreated animals; in rats treated with the composition, their number was higher by 2.5 times than in animals treated with panthenol. 25778648 3 44 theme scar 680:683 arg1 absent 702:707 absent 702:707 absent 702:707 In rats treated with dextran-based composition or panthenol, the eschar was absent on day 21 after the start of the treatment; by day 32, we found cells of surface epithelium, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands above the scar tissue that were absent in untreated animals; in rats treated with the composition, their number was higher by 2.5 times than in animals treated with panthenol. 25778648 4 45 theme inflammation 1013:1024 arg1 signs 1004:1008 signs 1004:1008 signs of inflammation and fibroplastic activity of fibroblasts in comparison with the corresponding parameters in untreated animals or animals treated with panthenol 1004:1168 Treatment with the composition increased volume density (by 2.5 times) and numerical density (by more than 3 times) of blood vessels in the wound and reduced signs of inflammation and fibroplastic activity of fibroblasts in comparison with the corresponding parameters in untreated animals or animals treated with panthenol. 25778648 1 46 theme skin 109:112 arg1 burns 114:118 Grade IIIB skin burns 98:118 Grade IIIB skin burns 98:118 Grade IIIB skin burns were treated with a composition based on oxidized dextran with a molecular weight of 40 kDa (oxidation of 7% glucose residues). 25778648 3 47 theme hair 633:636 arg1 follicles 638:646 hair follicles 633:646 hair follicles 633:646 In rats treated with dextran-based composition or panthenol, the eschar was absent on day 21 after the start of the treatment; by day 32, we found cells of surface epithelium, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands above the scar tissue that were absent in untreated animals; in rats treated with the composition, their number was higher by 2.5 times than in animals treated with panthenol. 25778648 4 48 from inflammation 1013:1024 arg1 comparison 1070:1079 comparison 1070:1079 comparison with the corresponding parameters in untreated animals or animals treated with panthenol 1070:1168 Treatment with the composition increased volume density (by 2.5 times) and numerical density (by more than 3 times) of blood vessels in the wound and reduced signs of inflammation and fibroplastic activity of fibroblasts in comparison with the corresponding parameters in untreated animals or animals treated with panthenol. 25778648 4 49 theme activity 1043:1050 arg1 signs 1004:1008 signs 1004:1008 signs of inflammation and fibroplastic activity of fibroblasts in comparison with the corresponding parameters in untreated animals or animals treated with panthenol 1004:1168 Treatment with the composition increased volume density (by 2.5 times) and numerical density (by more than 3 times) of blood vessels in the wound and reduced signs of inflammation and fibroplastic activity of fibroblasts in comparison with the corresponding parameters in untreated animals or animals treated with panthenol. 25778648 3 50 from animals 722:728 arg1 tissue 685:690 the scar tissue 676:690 the scar tissue that were absent in untreated animals 676:728 In rats treated with dextran-based composition or panthenol, the eschar was absent on day 21 after the start of the treatment; by day 32, we found cells of surface epithelium, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands above the scar tissue that were absent in untreated animals; in rats treated with the composition, their number was higher by 2.5 times than in animals treated with panthenol. 25778648 3 50 from animals 722:728 arg1 absent 702:707 absent 702:707 absent 702:707 In rats treated with dextran-based composition or panthenol, the eschar was absent on day 21 after the start of the treatment; by day 32, we found cells of surface epithelium, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands above the scar tissue that were absent in untreated animals; in rats treated with the composition, their number was higher by 2.5 times than in animals treated with panthenol. 25778648 2 51 theme burn 264:267 arg1 infliction 269:278 burn infliction 264:278 burn infliction 264:278 On day 32 after burn infliction and from the start of the treatment, the area of skin defect in rats was 30% less than in the group without treatment and by 2.3 times less than in rats treated with panthenol. 25778648 3 52 from absent 533:538 arg1 rats 460:463 rats 460:463 rats treated with dextran-based composition or panthenol 460:515 In rats treated with dextran-based composition or panthenol, the eschar was absent on day 21 after the start of the treatment; by day 32, we found cells of surface epithelium, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands above the scar tissue that were absent in untreated animals; in rats treated with the composition, their number was higher by 2.5 times than in animals treated with panthenol. 25778648 4 53 theme fibroplastic 1030:1041 arg1 activity 1043:1050 fibroplastic activity 1030:1050 fibroplastic activity 1030:1050 Treatment with the composition increased volume density (by 2.5 times) and numerical density (by more than 3 times) of blood vessels in the wound and reduced signs of inflammation and fibroplastic activity of fibroblasts in comparison with the corresponding parameters in untreated animals or animals treated with panthenol. 25778648 3 54 theme dextran-based 478:490 arg1 composition 492:502 dextran-based composition 478:502 dextran-based composition 478:502 In rats treated with dextran-based composition or panthenol, the eschar was absent on day 21 after the start of the treatment; by day 32, we found cells of surface epithelium, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands above the scar tissue that were absent in untreated animals; in rats treated with the composition, their number was higher by 2.5 times than in animals treated with panthenol. 25778648 2 55 from area 321:324 arg1 rats 344:347 rats 344:347 rats 344:347 On day 32 after burn infliction and from the start of the treatment, the area of skin defect in rats was 30% less than in the group without treatment and by 2.3 times less than in rats treated with panthenol. 25778648 3 56 from times 800:804 arg1 animals 814:820 animals 814:820 animals treated with panthenol 814:843 In rats treated with dextran-based composition or panthenol, the eschar was absent on day 21 after the start of the treatment; by day 32, we found cells of surface epithelium, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands above the scar tissue that were absent in untreated animals; in rats treated with the composition, their number was higher by 2.5 times than in animals treated with panthenol. 25778648 3 56 from times 800:804 arg1 rats 734:737 rats 734:737 rats treated with the composition 734:766 In rats treated with dextran-based composition or panthenol, the eschar was absent on day 21 after the start of the treatment; by day 32, we found cells of surface epithelium, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands above the scar tissue that were absent in untreated animals; in rats treated with the composition, their number was higher by 2.5 times than in animals treated with panthenol. 25778648 3 57 theme epithelium 621:630 arg1 cells 604:608 cells 604:608 cells of surface epithelium, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands 604:668 In rats treated with dextran-based composition or panthenol, the eschar was absent on day 21 after the start of the treatment; by day 32, we found cells of surface epithelium, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands above the scar tissue that were absent in untreated animals; in rats treated with the composition, their number was higher by 2.5 times than in animals treated with panthenol. 25778648 2 58 from rats 344:347 arg1 less 357:360 less 357:360 less 357:360 On day 32 after burn infliction and from the start of the treatment, the area of skin defect in rats was 30% less than in the group without treatment and by 2.3 times less than in rats treated with panthenol. 25778648 2 58 from rats 344:347 arg1 area 321:324 the area 317:324 the area of skin defect in rats 317:347 On day 32 after burn infliction and from the start of the treatment, the area of skin defect in rats was 30% less than in the group without treatment and by 2.3 times less than in rats treated with panthenol. 25778648 2 59 from defect 334:339 arg1 rats 344:347 rats 344:347 rats 344:347 On day 32 after burn infliction and from the start of the treatment, the area of skin defect in rats was 30% less than in the group without treatment and by 2.3 times less than in rats treated with panthenol. 25778648 1 60 theme kDa 208:210 arg1 weight 195:200 a molecular weight 183:200 a molecular weight of 40 kDa (oxidation of 7% glucose residues) 183:245 Grade IIIB skin burns were treated with a composition based on oxidized dextran with a molecular weight of 40 kDa (oxidation of 7% glucose residues). 27702547 0 0 theme nicotine 79:86 arg1 therapy 100:106 nicotine replacement therapy 79:106 nicotine replacement therapy 79:106 Nicotine stabilization in composite sodium alginate based wafers and films for nicotine replacement therapy. 27702547 5 1 from wafers 1020:1025 arg1 release 1000:1006 rapid and slow release 985:1006 rapid and slow release of NIC from wafers and films 985:1035 Further, MAS resulted in rapid and slow release of NIC from wafers and films respectively. 27702547 1 2 theme sodium 156:161 arg1 SA 173:174 SA 173:174 SA 173:174 Composite wafers and films comprising HPMC and sodium alginate (SA) were formulated for nicotine (NIC) replacement therapy via the buccal route. 27702547 1 2 theme sodium 156:161 arg1 alginate 163:170 sodium alginate 156:170 sodium alginate (SA) 156:175 Composite wafers and films comprising HPMC and sodium alginate (SA) were formulated for nicotine (NIC) replacement therapy via the buccal route. 27702547 2 3 theme surface 422:428 arg1 morphology 430:439 surface morphology 422:439 surface morphology 422:439 Magnesium aluminium silicate (MAS) was added in different concentration ratios (0.25, 0.5, 0.75) to stabilize NIC and its effect on mechanical properties, internal and surface morphology, physical form, thermal properties, swelling, mucoadhesion, drug content and release behaviour of the formulations was investigated. 27702547 0 4 from stabilization 9:21 arg1 films 69:73 films 69:73 films for nicotine replacement therapy 69:106 Nicotine stabilization in composite sodium alginate based wafers and films for nicotine replacement therapy. 27702547 0 4 from stabilization 9:21 arg1 wafers 58:63 composite sodium alginate based wafers 26:63 composite sodium alginate based wafers 26:63 Nicotine stabilization in composite sodium alginate based wafers and films for nicotine replacement therapy. 27702547 5 5 theme slow 995:998 arg1 release 1000:1006 rapid and slow release 985:1006 rapid and slow release of NIC from wafers and films 985:1035 Further, MAS resulted in rapid and slow release of NIC from wafers and films respectively. 27702547 1 6 theme buccal 240:245 arg1 route 247:251 the buccal route 236:251 the buccal route 236:251 Composite wafers and films comprising HPMC and sodium alginate (SA) were formulated for nicotine (NIC) replacement therapy via the buccal route. 27702547 0 7 theme replacement 88:98 arg1 therapy 100:106 nicotine replacement therapy 79:106 nicotine replacement therapy 79:106 Nicotine stabilization in composite sodium alginate based wafers and films for nicotine replacement therapy. 27702547 2 8 theme release 518:524 arg1 behaviour 526:534 release behaviour 518:534 release behaviour 518:534 Magnesium aluminium silicate (MAS) was added in different concentration ratios (0.25, 0.5, 0.75) to stabilize NIC and its effect on mechanical properties, internal and surface morphology, physical form, thermal properties, swelling, mucoadhesion, drug content and release behaviour of the formulations was investigated. 27702547 2 9 dep ratios 326:331 arg1 0.75 345:348 0.75 345:348 0.75 345:348 Magnesium aluminium silicate (MAS) was added in different concentration ratios (0.25, 0.5, 0.75) to stabilize NIC and its effect on mechanical properties, internal and surface morphology, physical form, thermal properties, swelling, mucoadhesion, drug content and release behaviour of the formulations was investigated. 27702547 2 9 dep ratios 326:331 arg1 stabilize 354:362 stabilize 354:362 to stabilize NIC 351:366 Magnesium aluminium silicate (MAS) was added in different concentration ratios (0.25, 0.5, 0.75) to stabilize NIC and its effect on mechanical properties, internal and surface morphology, physical form, thermal properties, swelling, mucoadhesion, drug content and release behaviour of the formulations was investigated. 27702547 2 10 theme Magnesium 254:262 arg1 MAS 284:286 MAS 284:286 MAS 284:286 Magnesium aluminium silicate (MAS) was added in different concentration ratios (0.25, 0.5, 0.75) to stabilize NIC and its effect on mechanical properties, internal and surface morphology, physical form, thermal properties, swelling, mucoadhesion, drug content and release behaviour of the formulations was investigated. 27702547 2 10 theme Magnesium 254:262 arg1 silicate 274:281 Magnesium aluminium silicate 254:281 Magnesium aluminium silicate (MAS) 254:287 Magnesium aluminium silicate (MAS) was added in different concentration ratios (0.25, 0.5, 0.75) to stabilize NIC and its effect on mechanical properties, internal and surface morphology, physical form, thermal properties, swelling, mucoadhesion, drug content and release behaviour of the formulations was investigated. 27702547 3 11 from decrease 660:667 arg1 hardness 683:690 mechanical hardness 672:690 mechanical hardness 672:690 MAS changed the physico-mechanical properties of the composite formulations causing a decrease in mechanical hardness, collapsed wafer pores, increased roughness of film surface, increase in crystallinity and decreased mucoadhesion of the wafers. 27702547 4 12 theme drug-loading 937:948 arg1 capacity 950:957 drug-loading capacity 937:957 drug-loading capacity 937:957 However, MAS increased swelling in both films and wafers as well as interaction between NIC and SA, which increased drug-loading capacity. 27702547 2 13 theme mechanical 386:395 arg1 properties 397:406 mechanical properties 386:406 mechanical properties 386:406 Magnesium aluminium silicate (MAS) was added in different concentration ratios (0.25, 0.5, 0.75) to stabilize NIC and its effect on mechanical properties, internal and surface morphology, physical form, thermal properties, swelling, mucoadhesion, drug content and release behaviour of the formulations was investigated. 27702547 3 14 theme mechanical 672:681 arg1 hardness 683:690 mechanical hardness 672:690 mechanical hardness 672:690 MAS changed the physico-mechanical properties of the composite formulations causing a decrease in mechanical hardness, collapsed wafer pores, increased roughness of film surface, increase in crystallinity and decreased mucoadhesion of the wafers. 27702547 3 15 theme formulations 637:648 arg1 properties 609:618 the physico-mechanical properties 586:618 the physico-mechanical properties of the composite formulations causing a decrease in mechanical hardness, collapsed wafer pores, increased roughness of film surface, increase in crystallinity 586:777 MAS changed the physico-mechanical properties of the composite formulations causing a decrease in mechanical hardness, collapsed wafer pores, increased roughness of film surface, increase in crystallinity and decreased mucoadhesion of the wafers. 27702547 2 16 theme formulations 543:554 arg1 effect 376:381 its effect 372:381 its effect on mechanical properties, internal and surface morphology, physical form, thermal properties, swelling, mucoadhesion, drug content and release behaviour of the formulations 372:554 Magnesium aluminium silicate (MAS) was added in different concentration ratios (0.25, 0.5, 0.75) to stabilize NIC and its effect on mechanical properties, internal and surface morphology, physical form, thermal properties, swelling, mucoadhesion, drug content and release behaviour of the formulations was investigated. 27702547 6 17 theme ideal 1080:1084 arg1 formulation 1086:1096 the ideal formulation 1076:1096 the ideal formulation for the stabilization of NIC in the composite formulations 1076:1155 The results suggest that the ideal formulation for the stabilization of NIC in the composite formulations was MAS 0.25. 27702547 6 17 theme ideal 1080:1084 arg1 MAS 1161:1163 MAS 0.25 1161:1168 MAS 0.25 1161:1168 The results suggest that the ideal formulation for the stabilization of NIC in the composite formulations was MAS 0.25. 27702547 0 18 theme composite 26:34 arg1 wafers 58:63 composite sodium alginate based wafers 26:63 composite sodium alginate based wafers 26:63 Nicotine stabilization in composite sodium alginate based wafers and films for nicotine replacement therapy. 27702547 3 19 theme collapsed 693:701 arg1 pores 709:713 collapsed wafer pores 693:713 collapsed wafer pores 693:713 MAS changed the physico-mechanical properties of the composite formulations causing a decrease in mechanical hardness, collapsed wafer pores, increased roughness of film surface, increase in crystallinity and decreased mucoadhesion of the wafers. 27702547 3 19 theme collapsed 693:701 arg1 decrease 660:667 a decrease 658:667 a decrease in mechanical hardness 658:690 MAS changed the physico-mechanical properties of the composite formulations causing a decrease in mechanical hardness, collapsed wafer pores, increased roughness of film surface, increase in crystallinity and decreased mucoadhesion of the wafers. 27702547 1 20 theme Composite 109:117 arg1 wafers 119:124 Composite wafers 109:124 Composite wafers 109:124 Composite wafers and films comprising HPMC and sodium alginate (SA) were formulated for nicotine (NIC) replacement therapy via the buccal route. 27702547 6 21 from formulation 1086:1096 arg1 formulations 1144:1155 the composite formulations 1130:1155 the composite formulations 1130:1155 The results suggest that the ideal formulation for the stabilization of NIC in the composite formulations was MAS 0.25. 27702547 0 22 theme alginate 43:50 arg1 wafers 58:63 composite sodium alginate based wafers 26:63 composite sodium alginate based wafers 26:63 Nicotine stabilization in composite sodium alginate based wafers and films for nicotine replacement therapy. 27702547 3 23 theme wafer 703:707 arg1 pores 709:713 collapsed wafer pores 693:713 collapsed wafer pores 693:713 MAS changed the physico-mechanical properties of the composite formulations causing a decrease in mechanical hardness, collapsed wafer pores, increased roughness of film surface, increase in crystallinity and decreased mucoadhesion of the wafers. 27702547 3 23 theme wafer 703:707 arg1 decrease 660:667 a decrease 658:667 a decrease in mechanical hardness 658:690 MAS changed the physico-mechanical properties of the composite formulations causing a decrease in mechanical hardness, collapsed wafer pores, increased roughness of film surface, increase in crystallinity and decreased mucoadhesion of the wafers. 27702547 4 24 dep increased 834:842 arg1 increased 927:935 increased 927:935 increased drug-loading capacity 927:957 However, MAS increased swelling in both films and wafers as well as interaction between NIC and SA, which increased drug-loading capacity. 27702547 3 25 theme physico-mechanical 590:607 arg1 properties 609:618 the physico-mechanical properties 586:618 the physico-mechanical properties of the composite formulations causing a decrease in mechanical hardness, collapsed wafer pores, increased roughness of film surface, increase in crystallinity 586:777 MAS changed the physico-mechanical properties of the composite formulations causing a decrease in mechanical hardness, collapsed wafer pores, increased roughness of film surface, increase in crystallinity and decreased mucoadhesion of the wafers. 27702547 1 26 theme nicotine 197:204 arg1 therapy 224:230 nicotine (NIC) replacement therapy 197:230 nicotine (NIC) replacement therapy 197:230 Composite wafers and films comprising HPMC and sodium alginate (SA) were formulated for nicotine (NIC) replacement therapy via the buccal route. 27702547 0 27 theme sodium 36:41 arg1 wafers 58:63 composite sodium alginate based wafers 26:63 composite sodium alginate based wafers 26:63 Nicotine stabilization in composite sodium alginate based wafers and films for nicotine replacement therapy. 27702547 5 28 theme NIC 1011:1013 arg1 release 1000:1006 rapid and slow release 985:1006 rapid and slow release of NIC from wafers and films 985:1035 Further, MAS resulted in rapid and slow release of NIC from wafers and films respectively. 27702547 3 29 theme surface 744:750 arg1 roughness 726:734 increased roughness 716:734 increased roughness of film surface 716:750 MAS changed the physico-mechanical properties of the composite formulations causing a decrease in mechanical hardness, collapsed wafer pores, increased roughness of film surface, increase in crystallinity and decreased mucoadhesion of the wafers. 27702547 3 29 theme surface 744:750 arg1 decrease 660:667 a decrease 658:667 a decrease in mechanical hardness 658:690 MAS changed the physico-mechanical properties of the composite formulations causing a decrease in mechanical hardness, collapsed wafer pores, increased roughness of film surface, increase in crystallinity and decreased mucoadhesion of the wafers. 27702547 3 30 theme film 739:742 arg1 surface 744:750 film surface 739:750 film surface 739:750 MAS changed the physico-mechanical properties of the composite formulations causing a decrease in mechanical hardness, collapsed wafer pores, increased roughness of film surface, increase in crystallinity and decreased mucoadhesion of the wafers. 27702547 3 31 from increase 753:760 arg1 crystallinity 765:777 crystallinity 765:777 crystallinity 765:777 MAS changed the physico-mechanical properties of the composite formulations causing a decrease in mechanical hardness, collapsed wafer pores, increased roughness of film surface, increase in crystallinity and decreased mucoadhesion of the wafers. 27702547 2 32 theme concentration 312:324 arg1 ratios 326:331 different concentration ratios 302:331 different concentration ratios (0.25, 0.5, 0.75) to stabilize NIC 302:366 Magnesium aluminium silicate (MAS) was added in different concentration ratios (0.25, 0.5, 0.75) to stabilize NIC and its effect on mechanical properties, internal and surface morphology, physical form, thermal properties, swelling, mucoadhesion, drug content and release behaviour of the formulations was investigated. 27702547 0 33 theme based 52:56 arg1 wafers 58:63 composite sodium alginate based wafers 26:63 composite sodium alginate based wafers 26:63 Nicotine stabilization in composite sodium alginate based wafers and films for nicotine replacement therapy. 27702547 3 34 theme increased 716:724 arg1 roughness 726:734 increased roughness 716:734 increased roughness of film surface 716:750 MAS changed the physico-mechanical properties of the composite formulations causing a decrease in mechanical hardness, collapsed wafer pores, increased roughness of film surface, increase in crystallinity and decreased mucoadhesion of the wafers. 27702547 3 34 theme increased 716:724 arg1 decrease 660:667 a decrease 658:667 a decrease in mechanical hardness 658:690 MAS changed the physico-mechanical properties of the composite formulations causing a decrease in mechanical hardness, collapsed wafer pores, increased roughness of film surface, increase in crystallinity and decreased mucoadhesion of the wafers. 27702547 5 35 theme rapid 985:989 arg1 release 1000:1006 rapid and slow release 985:1006 rapid and slow release of NIC from wafers and films 985:1035 Further, MAS resulted in rapid and slow release of NIC from wafers and films respectively. 27702547 2 36 theme different 302:310 arg1 ratios 326:331 different concentration ratios 302:331 different concentration ratios (0.25, 0.5, 0.75) to stabilize NIC 302:366 Magnesium aluminium silicate (MAS) was added in different concentration ratios (0.25, 0.5, 0.75) to stabilize NIC and its effect on mechanical properties, internal and surface morphology, physical form, thermal properties, swelling, mucoadhesion, drug content and release behaviour of the formulations was investigated. 27702547 3 37 theme wafers 813:818 arg1 mucoadhesion 793:804 mucoadhesion 793:804 mucoadhesion of the wafers 793:818 MAS changed the physico-mechanical properties of the composite formulations causing a decrease in mechanical hardness, collapsed wafer pores, increased roughness of film surface, increase in crystallinity and decreased mucoadhesion of the wafers. 27702547 2 38 theme drug 501:504 arg1 content 506:512 drug content 501:512 drug content 501:512 Magnesium aluminium silicate (MAS) was added in different concentration ratios (0.25, 0.5, 0.75) to stabilize NIC and its effect on mechanical properties, internal and surface morphology, physical form, thermal properties, swelling, mucoadhesion, drug content and release behaviour of the formulations was investigated. 27702547 3 39 theme composite 627:635 arg1 formulations 637:648 the composite formulations 623:648 the composite formulations causing a decrease in mechanical hardness, collapsed wafer pores, increased roughness of film surface, increase in crystallinity 623:777 MAS changed the physico-mechanical properties of the composite formulations causing a decrease in mechanical hardness, collapsed wafer pores, increased roughness of film surface, increase in crystallinity and decreased mucoadhesion of the wafers. 27702547 6 40 theme composite 1134:1142 arg1 formulations 1144:1155 the composite formulations 1130:1155 the composite formulations 1130:1155 The results suggest that the ideal formulation for the stabilization of NIC in the composite formulations was MAS 0.25. 27702547 2 41 theme physical 442:449 arg1 form 451:454 physical form 442:454 physical form 442:454 Magnesium aluminium silicate (MAS) was added in different concentration ratios (0.25, 0.5, 0.75) to stabilize NIC and its effect on mechanical properties, internal and surface morphology, physical form, thermal properties, swelling, mucoadhesion, drug content and release behaviour of the formulations was investigated. 27702547 4 42 from swelling 844:851 arg1 wafers 871:876 wafers 871:876 wafers 871:876 However, MAS increased swelling in both films and wafers as well as interaction between NIC and SA, which increased drug-loading capacity. 27702547 4 42 from swelling 844:851 arg1 films 861:865 films 861:865 films 861:865 However, MAS increased swelling in both films and wafers as well as interaction between NIC and SA, which increased drug-loading capacity. 27702547 2 43 dep Magnesium 254:262 arg1 aluminium 264:272 aluminium 264:272 aluminium 264:272 Magnesium aluminium silicate (MAS) was added in different concentration ratios (0.25, 0.5, 0.75) to stabilize NIC and its effect on mechanical properties, internal and surface morphology, physical form, thermal properties, swelling, mucoadhesion, drug content and release behaviour of the formulations was investigated. 27702547 1 44 theme replacement 212:222 arg1 therapy 224:230 nicotine (NIC) replacement therapy 197:230 nicotine (NIC) replacement therapy 197:230 Composite wafers and films comprising HPMC and sodium alginate (SA) were formulated for nicotine (NIC) replacement therapy via the buccal route. 27702547 4 45 from interaction 889:899 arg1 wafers 871:876 wafers 871:876 wafers 871:876 However, MAS increased swelling in both films and wafers as well as interaction between NIC and SA, which increased drug-loading capacity. 27702547 4 45 from interaction 889:899 arg1 films 861:865 films 861:865 films 861:865 However, MAS increased swelling in both films and wafers as well as interaction between NIC and SA, which increased drug-loading capacity. 27702547 2 46 from effect 376:381 arg1 internal 409:416 internal 409:416 internal 409:416 Magnesium aluminium silicate (MAS) was added in different concentration ratios (0.25, 0.5, 0.75) to stabilize NIC and its effect on mechanical properties, internal and surface morphology, physical form, thermal properties, swelling, mucoadhesion, drug content and release behaviour of the formulations was investigated. 27702547 2 46 from effect 376:381 arg1 morphology 430:439 surface morphology 422:439 surface morphology 422:439 Magnesium aluminium silicate (MAS) was added in different concentration ratios (0.25, 0.5, 0.75) to stabilize NIC and its effect on mechanical properties, internal and surface morphology, physical form, thermal properties, swelling, mucoadhesion, drug content and release behaviour of the formulations was investigated. 27702547 2 46 from effect 376:381 arg1 properties 397:406 mechanical properties 386:406 mechanical properties 386:406 Magnesium aluminium silicate (MAS) was added in different concentration ratios (0.25, 0.5, 0.75) to stabilize NIC and its effect on mechanical properties, internal and surface morphology, physical form, thermal properties, swelling, mucoadhesion, drug content and release behaviour of the formulations was investigated. 27702547 6 47 theme NIC 1123:1125 arg1 stabilization 1106:1118 the stabilization 1102:1118 the stabilization of NIC 1102:1125 The results suggest that the ideal formulation for the stabilization of NIC in the composite formulations was MAS 0.25. 27702547 5 48 from films 1031:1035 arg1 release 1000:1006 rapid and slow release 985:1006 rapid and slow release of NIC from wafers and films 985:1035 Further, MAS resulted in rapid and slow release of NIC from wafers and films respectively. 27702547 2 49 theme thermal 457:463 arg1 properties 465:474 thermal properties 457:474 thermal properties 457:474 Magnesium aluminium silicate (MAS) was added in different concentration ratios (0.25, 0.5, 0.75) to stabilize NIC and its effect on mechanical properties, internal and surface morphology, physical form, thermal properties, swelling, mucoadhesion, drug content and release behaviour of the formulations was investigated. 25907006 8 0 theme pharmaceutical 1121:1134 arg1 tablets 1136:1142 pharmaceutical tablets 1121:1142 pharmaceutical tablets 1121:1142 Data from marketed tablets validate this probability map and a TBI value of 150 is recommended as the upper limit for pharmaceutical tablets. 25907006 1 1 theme compaction 137:146 arg1 failure 119:125 failure 119:125 failure 119:125 Brittleness is one of the important material properties that influences the success or failure of powder compaction. 25907006 1 1 theme compaction 137:146 arg1 success 108:114 success 108:114 success 108:114 Brittleness is one of the important material properties that influences the success or failure of powder compaction. 25907006 7 2 dep friability 916:925 arg1 % 907:907 % 907:907 % 907:907 A probability map for achieving less than 1% tablet friability at various combinations of tablet tensile strength and TBI was constructed. 25907006 4 3 from changes 503:509 arg1 compositions 526:537 tablet compositions 519:537 tablet compositions 519:537 It is sufficiently sensitive to changes in both tablet compositions and compaction parameters. 25907006 4 3 from changes 503:509 arg1 parameters 554:563 compaction parameters 543:563 compaction parameters 543:563 It is sufficiently sensitive to changes in both tablet compositions and compaction parameters. 25907006 7 4 theme tablet 954:959 arg1 strength 969:976 tablet tensile strength 954:976 tablet tensile strength 954:976 A probability map for achieving less than 1% tablet friability at various combinations of tablet tensile strength and TBI was constructed. 25907006 9 5 theme breaking 1231:1238 arg1 test 1240:1243 tablet diametrical breaking test 1212:1243 tablet diametrical breaking test 1212:1243 This TBI can be calculated from the data routinely obtained during tablet diametrical breaking test, which is commonly performed for assessing tablet mechanical strength. 25907006 7 6 theme probability 866:876 arg1 map 878:880 A probability map 864:880 A probability map for achieving less than 1% tablet friability at various combinations of tablet tensile strength and TBI 864:984 A probability map for achieving less than 1% tablet friability at various combinations of tablet tensile strength and TBI was constructed. 25907006 3 7 theme new 344:346 arg1 TBI 361:363 The new strain based TBI 340:363 The new strain based TBI 340:363 The new strain based TBI is supported by both theoretical considerations and a systematic statistical analysis of friability data. 25907006 7 8 theme various 930:936 arg1 combinations 938:949 various combinations 930:949 various combinations of tablet tensile strength and TBI 930:984 A probability map for achieving less than 1% tablet friability at various combinations of tablet tensile strength and TBI was constructed. 25907006 7 9 theme tensile 961:967 arg1 strength 969:976 tablet tensile strength 954:976 tablet tensile strength 954:976 A probability map for achieving less than 1% tablet friability at various combinations of tablet tensile strength and TBI was constructed. 25907006 7 10 theme tablet 909:914 arg1 friability 916:925 less than 1% tablet friability 896:925 less than 1% tablet friability 896:925 A probability map for achieving less than 1% tablet friability at various combinations of tablet tensile strength and TBI was constructed. 25907006 3 11 theme strain 348:353 arg1 TBI 361:363 The new strain based TBI 340:363 The new strain based TBI 340:363 The new strain based TBI is supported by both theoretical considerations and a systematic statistical analysis of friability data. 25907006 9 12 theme tablet 1288:1293 arg1 strength 1306:1313 tablet mechanical strength 1288:1313 tablet mechanical strength 1288:1313 This TBI can be calculated from the data routinely obtained during tablet diametrical breaking test, which is commonly performed for assessing tablet mechanical strength. 25907006 10 13 theme tablet 1368:1373 arg1 brittleness 1375:1385 tablet brittleness 1368:1385 tablet brittleness 1368:1385 Therefore, it is ready for adoption for quantifying tablet brittleness to guide tablet formulation development since it does not require additional experimental work. 25907006 6 14 from content 741:747 arg1 mixtures 801:808 the mixtures 797:808 the mixtures with a plastic excipient, microcrystalline cellulose 797:861 In addition, TBI increases with increasing content of a brittle excipient, lactose monohydrate, in the mixtures with a plastic excipient, microcrystalline cellulose. 25907006 8 15 theme upper 1105:1109 arg1 limit 1111:1115 the upper limit 1101:1115 the upper limit for pharmaceutical tablets 1101:1142 Data from marketed tablets validate this probability map and a TBI value of 150 is recommended as the upper limit for pharmaceutical tablets. 25907006 8 15 theme upper 1105:1109 arg1 value 1070:1074 a TBI value 1064:1074 a TBI value of 150 1064:1081 Data from marketed tablets validate this probability map and a TBI value of 150 is recommended as the upper limit for pharmaceutical tablets. 25907006 9 16 theme mechanical 1295:1304 arg1 strength 1306:1313 tablet mechanical strength 1288:1313 tablet mechanical strength 1288:1313 This TBI can be calculated from the data routinely obtained during tablet diametrical breaking test, which is commonly performed for assessing tablet mechanical strength. 25907006 5 17 theme tablet 616:621 arg1 brittleness 623:633 tablet brittleness 616:633 tablet brittleness 616:633 For all tested materials, it correctly shows that tablet brittleness increases with increasing tablet porosity for the same powder. 25907006 7 18 dep % 907:907 arg1 1 906:906 1 906:906 1 906:906 A probability map for achieving less than 1% tablet friability at various combinations of tablet tensile strength and TBI was constructed. 25907006 2 19 theme brittleness 258:268 arg1 indices 270:276 the most suitable tablet brittleness indices 233:276 the most suitable tablet brittleness indices (TBIs) for quantifying brittleness of pharmaceutical tablets 233:337 We have discovered that the reciprocal of diametrical elastic strain at fracture is the most suitable tablet brittleness indices (TBIs) for quantifying brittleness of pharmaceutical tablets. 25907006 2 19 theme brittleness 258:268 arg1 reciprocal 177:186 reciprocal 177:186 reciprocal 177:186 We have discovered that the reciprocal of diametrical elastic strain at fracture is the most suitable tablet brittleness indices (TBIs) for quantifying brittleness of pharmaceutical tablets. 25907006 2 19 theme brittleness 258:268 arg1 TBIs 279:282 TBIs 279:282 TBIs 279:282 We have discovered that the reciprocal of diametrical elastic strain at fracture is the most suitable tablet brittleness indices (TBIs) for quantifying brittleness of pharmaceutical tablets. 25907006 3 20 theme systematic 419:428 arg1 analysis 442:449 a systematic statistical analysis 417:449 a systematic statistical analysis of friability data 417:468 The new strain based TBI is supported by both theoretical considerations and a systematic statistical analysis of friability data. 25907006 8 21 theme probability 1044:1054 arg1 map 1056:1058 this probability map 1039:1058 this probability map 1039:1058 Data from marketed tablets validate this probability map and a TBI value of 150 is recommended as the upper limit for pharmaceutical tablets. 25907006 1 22 theme important 58:66 arg1 properties 77:86 the important material properties 54:86 the important material properties that influences the success or failure of powder compaction 54:146 Brittleness is one of the important material properties that influences the success or failure of powder compaction. 25907006 2 23 from fracture 221:228 arg1 strain 211:216 diametrical elastic strain 191:216 diametrical elastic strain at fracture 191:228 We have discovered that the reciprocal of diametrical elastic strain at fracture is the most suitable tablet brittleness indices (TBIs) for quantifying brittleness of pharmaceutical tablets. 25907006 3 24 theme statistical 430:440 arg1 analysis 442:449 a systematic statistical analysis 417:449 a systematic statistical analysis of friability data 417:468 The new strain based TBI is supported by both theoretical considerations and a systematic statistical analysis of friability data. 25907006 0 25 theme new 2:4 arg1 index 25:29 A new tablet brittleness index 0:29 A new tablet brittleness index 0:29 A new tablet brittleness index. 25907006 10 26 theme additional 1453:1462 arg1 work 1477:1480 additional experimental work 1453:1480 additional experimental work 1453:1480 Therefore, it is ready for adoption for quantifying tablet brittleness to guide tablet formulation development since it does not require additional experimental work. 25907006 5 27 theme tested 574:579 arg1 materials 581:589 all tested materials 570:589 all tested materials 570:589 For all tested materials, it correctly shows that tablet brittleness increases with increasing tablet porosity for the same powder. 25907006 1 28 theme material 68:75 arg1 properties 77:86 the important material properties 54:86 the important material properties that influences the success or failure of powder compaction 54:146 Brittleness is one of the important material properties that influences the success or failure of powder compaction. 25907006 6 29 theme lactose 773:779 arg1 monohydrate 781:791 lactose monohydrate 773:791 lactose monohydrate 773:791 In addition, TBI increases with increasing content of a brittle excipient, lactose monohydrate, in the mixtures with a plastic excipient, microcrystalline cellulose. 25907006 6 29 theme lactose 773:779 arg1 excipient 762:770 a brittle excipient 752:770 a brittle excipient 752:770 In addition, TBI increases with increasing content of a brittle excipient, lactose monohydrate, in the mixtures with a plastic excipient, microcrystalline cellulose. 25907006 1 30 theme properties 77:86 arg1 properties 77:86 the important material properties 54:86 the important material properties that influences the success or failure of powder compaction 54:146 Brittleness is one of the important material properties that influences the success or failure of powder compaction. 25907006 1 30 theme properties 77:86 arg1 one 47:49 one 47:49 one 47:49 Brittleness is one of the important material properties that influences the success or failure of powder compaction. 25907006 5 31 theme tablet 661:666 arg1 porosity 668:675 tablet porosity 661:675 tablet porosity for the same powder 661:695 For all tested materials, it correctly shows that tablet brittleness increases with increasing tablet porosity for the same powder. 25907006 3 32 theme based 355:359 arg1 TBI 361:363 The new strain based TBI 340:363 The new strain based TBI 340:363 The new strain based TBI is supported by both theoretical considerations and a systematic statistical analysis of friability data. 25907006 4 33 theme compaction 543:552 arg1 parameters 554:563 compaction parameters 543:563 compaction parameters 543:563 It is sufficiently sensitive to changes in both tablet compositions and compaction parameters. 25907006 3 34 theme friability 454:463 arg1 data 465:468 friability data 454:468 friability data 454:468 The new strain based TBI is supported by both theoretical considerations and a systematic statistical analysis of friability data. 25907006 0 35 theme tablet 6:11 arg1 index 25:29 A new tablet brittleness index 0:29 A new tablet brittleness index 0:29 A new tablet brittleness index. 25907006 8 36 from tablets 1022:1028 arg1 Data 1003:1006 Data 1003:1006 Data from marketed tablets 1003:1028 Data from marketed tablets validate this probability map and a TBI value of 150 is recommended as the upper limit for pharmaceutical tablets. 25907006 8 37 theme TBI 1066:1068 arg1 value 1070:1074 a TBI value 1064:1074 a TBI value of 150 1064:1081 Data from marketed tablets validate this probability map and a TBI value of 150 is recommended as the upper limit for pharmaceutical tablets. 25907006 8 37 theme TBI 1066:1068 arg1 limit 1111:1115 the upper limit 1101:1115 the upper limit for pharmaceutical tablets 1101:1142 Data from marketed tablets validate this probability map and a TBI value of 150 is recommended as the upper limit for pharmaceutical tablets. 25907006 3 38 theme data 465:468 arg1 analysis 442:449 a systematic statistical analysis 417:449 a systematic statistical analysis of friability data 417:468 The new strain based TBI is supported by both theoretical considerations and a systematic statistical analysis of friability data. 25907006 3 38 theme data 465:468 arg1 considerations 398:411 theoretical considerations 386:411 theoretical considerations 386:411 The new strain based TBI is supported by both theoretical considerations and a systematic statistical analysis of friability data. 25907006 3 39 theme theoretical 386:396 arg1 considerations 398:411 theoretical considerations 386:411 theoretical considerations 386:411 The new strain based TBI is supported by both theoretical considerations and a systematic statistical analysis of friability data. 25907006 8 40 theme 150 1079:1081 arg1 value 1070:1074 a TBI value 1064:1074 a TBI value of 150 1064:1081 Data from marketed tablets validate this probability map and a TBI value of 150 is recommended as the upper limit for pharmaceutical tablets. 25907006 8 40 theme 150 1079:1081 arg1 limit 1111:1115 the upper limit 1101:1115 the upper limit for pharmaceutical tablets 1101:1142 Data from marketed tablets validate this probability map and a TBI value of 150 is recommended as the upper limit for pharmaceutical tablets. 25907006 9 41 theme tablet 1212:1217 arg1 test 1240:1243 tablet diametrical breaking test 1212:1243 tablet diametrical breaking test 1212:1243 This TBI can be calculated from the data routinely obtained during tablet diametrical breaking test, which is commonly performed for assessing tablet mechanical strength. 25907006 6 42 from mixtures 801:808 arg1 content 741:747 content 741:747 content of a brittle excipient, lactose monohydrate, in the mixtures with a plastic excipient, microcrystalline cellulose 741:861 In addition, TBI increases with increasing content of a brittle excipient, lactose monohydrate, in the mixtures with a plastic excipient, microcrystalline cellulose. 25907006 4 43 theme tablet 519:524 arg1 compositions 526:537 tablet compositions 519:537 tablet compositions 519:537 It is sufficiently sensitive to changes in both tablet compositions and compaction parameters. 25907006 9 44 theme diametrical 1219:1229 arg1 test 1240:1243 tablet diametrical breaking test 1212:1243 tablet diametrical breaking test 1212:1243 This TBI can be calculated from the data routinely obtained during tablet diametrical breaking test, which is commonly performed for assessing tablet mechanical strength. 25907006 0 45 theme brittleness 13:23 arg1 index 25:29 A new tablet brittleness index 0:29 A new tablet brittleness index 0:29 A new tablet brittleness index. 25907006 6 46 theme excipient 762:770 arg1 content 741:747 content 741:747 content of a brittle excipient, lactose monohydrate, in the mixtures with a plastic excipient, microcrystalline cellulose 741:861 In addition, TBI increases with increasing content of a brittle excipient, lactose monohydrate, in the mixtures with a plastic excipient, microcrystalline cellulose. 25907006 10 47 theme experimental 1464:1475 arg1 work 1477:1480 additional experimental work 1453:1480 additional experimental work 1453:1480 Therefore, it is ready for adoption for quantifying tablet brittleness to guide tablet formulation development since it does not require additional experimental work. 25907006 10 48 theme formulation 1403:1413 arg1 development 1415:1425 tablet formulation development 1396:1425 tablet formulation development 1396:1425 Therefore, it is ready for adoption for quantifying tablet brittleness to guide tablet formulation development since it does not require additional experimental work. 25907006 6 49 theme microcrystalline 836:851 arg1 excipient 825:833 a plastic excipient 815:833 a plastic excipient 815:833 In addition, TBI increases with increasing content of a brittle excipient, lactose monohydrate, in the mixtures with a plastic excipient, microcrystalline cellulose. 25907006 6 49 theme microcrystalline 836:851 arg1 cellulose 853:861 microcrystalline cellulose 836:861 microcrystalline cellulose 836:861 In addition, TBI increases with increasing content of a brittle excipient, lactose monohydrate, in the mixtures with a plastic excipient, microcrystalline cellulose. 25907006 2 50 theme strain 211:216 arg1 indices 270:276 the most suitable tablet brittleness indices 233:276 the most suitable tablet brittleness indices (TBIs) for quantifying brittleness of pharmaceutical tablets 233:337 We have discovered that the reciprocal of diametrical elastic strain at fracture is the most suitable tablet brittleness indices (TBIs) for quantifying brittleness of pharmaceutical tablets. 25907006 2 50 theme strain 211:216 arg1 reciprocal 177:186 reciprocal 177:186 reciprocal 177:186 We have discovered that the reciprocal of diametrical elastic strain at fracture is the most suitable tablet brittleness indices (TBIs) for quantifying brittleness of pharmaceutical tablets. 25907006 6 51 theme brittle 754:760 arg1 monohydrate 781:791 lactose monohydrate 773:791 lactose monohydrate 773:791 In addition, TBI increases with increasing content of a brittle excipient, lactose monohydrate, in the mixtures with a plastic excipient, microcrystalline cellulose. 25907006 6 51 theme brittle 754:760 arg1 excipient 762:770 a brittle excipient 752:770 a brittle excipient 752:770 In addition, TBI increases with increasing content of a brittle excipient, lactose monohydrate, in the mixtures with a plastic excipient, microcrystalline cellulose. 25907006 2 52 theme tablets 331:337 arg1 brittleness 301:311 brittleness 301:311 brittleness of pharmaceutical tablets 301:337 We have discovered that the reciprocal of diametrical elastic strain at fracture is the most suitable tablet brittleness indices (TBIs) for quantifying brittleness of pharmaceutical tablets. 25907006 5 53 theme same 685:688 arg1 powder 690:695 the same powder 681:695 the same powder 681:695 For all tested materials, it correctly shows that tablet brittleness increases with increasing tablet porosity for the same powder. 25907006 2 54 theme diametrical 191:201 arg1 strain 211:216 diametrical elastic strain 191:216 diametrical elastic strain at fracture 191:228 We have discovered that the reciprocal of diametrical elastic strain at fracture is the most suitable tablet brittleness indices (TBIs) for quantifying brittleness of pharmaceutical tablets. 25907006 2 55 theme elastic 203:209 arg1 strain 211:216 diametrical elastic strain 191:216 diametrical elastic strain at fracture 191:228 We have discovered that the reciprocal of diametrical elastic strain at fracture is the most suitable tablet brittleness indices (TBIs) for quantifying brittleness of pharmaceutical tablets. 25907006 2 56 theme pharmaceutical 316:329 arg1 tablets 331:337 pharmaceutical tablets 316:337 pharmaceutical tablets 316:337 We have discovered that the reciprocal of diametrical elastic strain at fracture is the most suitable tablet brittleness indices (TBIs) for quantifying brittleness of pharmaceutical tablets. 25907006 2 57 theme suitable 242:249 arg1 indices 270:276 the most suitable tablet brittleness indices 233:276 the most suitable tablet brittleness indices (TBIs) for quantifying brittleness of pharmaceutical tablets 233:337 We have discovered that the reciprocal of diametrical elastic strain at fracture is the most suitable tablet brittleness indices (TBIs) for quantifying brittleness of pharmaceutical tablets. 25907006 2 57 theme suitable 242:249 arg1 reciprocal 177:186 reciprocal 177:186 reciprocal 177:186 We have discovered that the reciprocal of diametrical elastic strain at fracture is the most suitable tablet brittleness indices (TBIs) for quantifying brittleness of pharmaceutical tablets. 25907006 2 57 theme suitable 242:249 arg1 TBIs 279:282 TBIs 279:282 TBIs 279:282 We have discovered that the reciprocal of diametrical elastic strain at fracture is the most suitable tablet brittleness indices (TBIs) for quantifying brittleness of pharmaceutical tablets. 25907006 6 58 from excipient 762:770 arg1 mixtures 801:808 the mixtures 797:808 the mixtures with a plastic excipient, microcrystalline cellulose 797:861 In addition, TBI increases with increasing content of a brittle excipient, lactose monohydrate, in the mixtures with a plastic excipient, microcrystalline cellulose. 25907006 1 59 dep success 108:114 arg1 the 104:106 the 104:106 the 104:106 Brittleness is one of the important material properties that influences the success or failure of powder compaction. 25907006 6 60 theme plastic 817:823 arg1 excipient 825:833 a plastic excipient 815:833 a plastic excipient 815:833 In addition, TBI increases with increasing content of a brittle excipient, lactose monohydrate, in the mixtures with a plastic excipient, microcrystalline cellulose. 25907006 6 60 theme plastic 817:823 arg1 cellulose 853:861 microcrystalline cellulose 836:861 microcrystalline cellulose 836:861 In addition, TBI increases with increasing content of a brittle excipient, lactose monohydrate, in the mixtures with a plastic excipient, microcrystalline cellulose. 25907006 7 61 theme TBI 982:984 arg1 combinations 938:949 various combinations 930:949 various combinations of tablet tensile strength and TBI 930:984 A probability map for achieving less than 1% tablet friability at various combinations of tablet tensile strength and TBI was constructed. 25907006 8 62 theme marketed 1013:1020 arg1 tablets 1022:1028 marketed tablets 1013:1028 marketed tablets 1013:1028 Data from marketed tablets validate this probability map and a TBI value of 150 is recommended as the upper limit for pharmaceutical tablets. 25907006 2 63 theme tablet 251:256 arg1 indices 270:276 the most suitable tablet brittleness indices 233:276 the most suitable tablet brittleness indices (TBIs) for quantifying brittleness of pharmaceutical tablets 233:337 We have discovered that the reciprocal of diametrical elastic strain at fracture is the most suitable tablet brittleness indices (TBIs) for quantifying brittleness of pharmaceutical tablets. 25907006 2 63 theme tablet 251:256 arg1 reciprocal 177:186 reciprocal 177:186 reciprocal 177:186 We have discovered that the reciprocal of diametrical elastic strain at fracture is the most suitable tablet brittleness indices (TBIs) for quantifying brittleness of pharmaceutical tablets. 25907006 2 63 theme tablet 251:256 arg1 TBIs 279:282 TBIs 279:282 TBIs 279:282 We have discovered that the reciprocal of diametrical elastic strain at fracture is the most suitable tablet brittleness indices (TBIs) for quantifying brittleness of pharmaceutical tablets. 25907006 6 64 with mixtures 801:808 arg1 excipient 825:833 a plastic excipient 815:833 a plastic excipient 815:833 In addition, TBI increases with increasing content of a brittle excipient, lactose monohydrate, in the mixtures with a plastic excipient, microcrystalline cellulose. 25907006 6 64 with mixtures 801:808 arg1 cellulose 853:861 microcrystalline cellulose 836:861 microcrystalline cellulose 836:861 In addition, TBI increases with increasing content of a brittle excipient, lactose monohydrate, in the mixtures with a plastic excipient, microcrystalline cellulose. 25907006 7 65 theme strength 969:976 arg1 combinations 938:949 various combinations 930:949 various combinations of tablet tensile strength and TBI 930:984 A probability map for achieving less than 1% tablet friability at various combinations of tablet tensile strength and TBI was constructed. 25907006 1 66 theme powder 130:135 arg1 compaction 137:146 powder compaction 130:146 powder compaction 130:146 Brittleness is one of the important material properties that influences the success or failure of powder compaction. 25907006 10 67 theme tablet 1396:1401 arg1 development 1415:1425 tablet formulation development 1396:1425 tablet formulation development 1396:1425 Therefore, it is ready for adoption for quantifying tablet brittleness to guide tablet formulation development since it does not require additional experimental work. 27577912 5 0 theme processed 811:819 arg1 blends 821:826 the processed blends 807:826 the processed blends 807:826 Resistant starch content in the processed blends was positively correlated to intensity ratio of 1053/1035cm(-1) in FTIR spectra arising from slow retrogradation of amylopectin (r(2)>0.88, P≤0.05), whose formation was favored by the presence of protein in the blends and further enhanced by cooling of cooked blends. 27577912 1 1 dep % 287:287 arg1 15 285:286 15 285:286 15 285:286 This study aimed to investigate effects of starch-protein interactions on physicochemical properties and in vitro starch digestibility of composite potato starch/protein blends (0, 5, 10, or 15% protein) during processing (cooking, cooling and reheating). 27577912 1 1 dep % 287:287 arg1 10 278:279 10 278:279 10 278:279 This study aimed to investigate effects of starch-protein interactions on physicochemical properties and in vitro starch digestibility of composite potato starch/protein blends (0, 5, 10, or 15% protein) during processing (cooking, cooling and reheating). 27577912 5 2 from spectra 900:906 arg1 ratio 867:871 intensity ratio 857:871 intensity ratio of 1053/1035cm(-1) in FTIR spectra arising from slow retrogradation of amylopectin (r(2)>0.88, P≤0.05), whose formation was favored by the presence of protein in the blends and further enhanced by cooling of cooked blends 857:1093 Resistant starch content in the processed blends was positively correlated to intensity ratio of 1053/1035cm(-1) in FTIR spectra arising from slow retrogradation of amylopectin (r(2)>0.88, P≤0.05), whose formation was favored by the presence of protein in the blends and further enhanced by cooling of cooked blends. 27577912 1 3 theme physicochemical 168:182 arg1 properties 184:193 physicochemical properties 168:193 physicochemical properties 168:193 This study aimed to investigate effects of starch-protein interactions on physicochemical properties and in vitro starch digestibility of composite potato starch/protein blends (0, 5, 10, or 15% protein) during processing (cooking, cooling and reheating). 27577912 2 4 theme scanning 463:470 arg1 calorimetry 472:482 differential scanning calorimetry 450:482 differential scanning calorimetry 450:482 The effect on recrystallization and short-range ordering in starch was studied by light microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 27577912 4 5 theme protein 731:737 arg1 effect 721:726 The facilitating effect 704:726 The facilitating effect of protein 704:737 The facilitating effect of protein diminished with increasing blend ratio. 27577912 5 6 from content 796:802 arg1 blends 821:826 the processed blends 807:826 the processed blends 807:826 Resistant starch content in the processed blends was positively correlated to intensity ratio of 1053/1035cm(-1) in FTIR spectra arising from slow retrogradation of amylopectin (r(2)>0.88, P≤0.05), whose formation was favored by the presence of protein in the blends and further enhanced by cooling of cooked blends. 27577912 6 7 theme blends 1186:1191 arg1 conclusion 1101:1110 a conclusion 1099:1110 a conclusion 1099:1110 As a conclusion, starch-protein interaction reduced starch digestibility of the processed blends. 27577912 6 7 theme blends 1186:1191 arg1 digestibility 1155:1167 starch digestibility 1148:1167 starch digestibility of the processed blends 1148:1191 As a conclusion, starch-protein interaction reduced starch digestibility of the processed blends. 27577912 5 8 theme Resistant 779:787 arg1 starch 789:794 Resistant starch 779:794 Resistant starch content in the processed blends 779:826 Resistant starch content in the processed blends was positively correlated to intensity ratio of 1053/1035cm(-1) in FTIR spectra arising from slow retrogradation of amylopectin (r(2)>0.88, P≤0.05), whose formation was favored by the presence of protein in the blends and further enhanced by cooling of cooked blends. 27577912 5 9 theme cooked 1081:1086 arg1 blends 1088:1093 cooked blends 1081:1093 cooked blends 1081:1093 Resistant starch content in the processed blends was positively correlated to intensity ratio of 1053/1035cm(-1) in FTIR spectra arising from slow retrogradation of amylopectin (r(2)>0.88, P≤0.05), whose formation was favored by the presence of protein in the blends and further enhanced by cooling of cooked blends. 27577912 6 10 theme processed 1176:1184 arg1 blends 1186:1191 the processed blends 1172:1191 the processed blends 1172:1191 As a conclusion, starch-protein interaction reduced starch digestibility of the processed blends. 27577912 4 11 theme blend 766:770 arg1 ratio 772:776 blend ratio 766:776 blend ratio 766:776 The facilitating effect of protein diminished with increasing blend ratio. 27577912 5 12 theme starch 789:794 arg1 content 796:802 Resistant starch content 779:802 Resistant starch content in the processed blends 779:826 Resistant starch content in the processed blends was positively correlated to intensity ratio of 1053/1035cm(-1) in FTIR spectra arising from slow retrogradation of amylopectin (r(2)>0.88, P≤0.05), whose formation was favored by the presence of protein in the blends and further enhanced by cooling of cooked blends. 27577912 1 13 dep processing 305:314 arg1 reheating 338:346 reheating 338:346 reheating 338:346 This study aimed to investigate effects of starch-protein interactions on physicochemical properties and in vitro starch digestibility of composite potato starch/protein blends (0, 5, 10, or 15% protein) during processing (cooking, cooling and reheating). 27577912 1 13 dep processing 305:314 arg1 cooling 326:332 cooling 326:332 cooling 326:332 This study aimed to investigate effects of starch-protein interactions on physicochemical properties and in vitro starch digestibility of composite potato starch/protein blends (0, 5, 10, or 15% protein) during processing (cooking, cooling and reheating). 27577912 1 13 dep processing 305:314 arg1 cooking 317:323 cooking 317:323 cooking 317:323 This study aimed to investigate effects of starch-protein interactions on physicochemical properties and in vitro starch digestibility of composite potato starch/protein blends (0, 5, 10, or 15% protein) during processing (cooking, cooling and reheating). 27577912 5 14 theme FTIR 895:898 arg1 spectra 900:906 FTIR spectra 895:906 FTIR spectra arising from slow retrogradation of amylopectin (r(2)>0.88, P≤0.05), whose formation was favored by the presence of protein in the blends and further enhanced by cooling of cooked blends 895:1093 Resistant starch content in the processed blends was positively correlated to intensity ratio of 1053/1035cm(-1) in FTIR spectra arising from slow retrogradation of amylopectin (r(2)>0.88, P≤0.05), whose formation was favored by the presence of protein in the blends and further enhanced by cooling of cooked blends. 27577912 1 15 dep protein 289:295 arg1 % 287:287 % 287:287 % 287:287 This study aimed to investigate effects of starch-protein interactions on physicochemical properties and in vitro starch digestibility of composite potato starch/protein blends (0, 5, 10, or 15% protein) during processing (cooking, cooling and reheating). 27577912 2 16 theme differential 450:461 arg1 calorimetry 472:482 differential scanning calorimetry 450:482 differential scanning calorimetry 450:482 The effect on recrystallization and short-range ordering in starch was studied by light microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 27577912 5 17 attach presence 1012:1019 arg2 protein 1024:1030 protein 1024:1030 protein 1024:1030 Resistant starch content in the processed blends was positively correlated to intensity ratio of 1053/1035cm(-1) in FTIR spectra arising from slow retrogradation of amylopectin (r(2)>0.88, P≤0.05), whose formation was favored by the presence of protein in the blends and further enhanced by cooling of cooked blends. 27577912 5 17 attach presence 1012:1019 arg1 blends 1039:1044 the blends 1035:1044 the blends 1035:1044 Resistant starch content in the processed blends was positively correlated to intensity ratio of 1053/1035cm(-1) in FTIR spectra arising from slow retrogradation of amylopectin (r(2)>0.88, P≤0.05), whose formation was favored by the presence of protein in the blends and further enhanced by cooling of cooked blends. 27577912 1 18 theme in 199:200 arg1 digestibility 215:227 in vitro starch digestibility 199:227 in vitro starch digestibility 199:227 This study aimed to investigate effects of starch-protein interactions on physicochemical properties and in vitro starch digestibility of composite potato starch/protein blends (0, 5, 10, or 15% protein) during processing (cooking, cooling and reheating). 27577912 5 19 theme intensity 857:865 arg1 ratio 867:871 intensity ratio 857:871 intensity ratio of 1053/1035cm(-1) in FTIR spectra arising from slow retrogradation of amylopectin (r(2)>0.88, P≤0.05), whose formation was favored by the presence of protein in the blends and further enhanced by cooling of cooked blends 857:1093 Resistant starch content in the processed blends was positively correlated to intensity ratio of 1053/1035cm(-1) in FTIR spectra arising from slow retrogradation of amylopectin (r(2)>0.88, P≤0.05), whose formation was favored by the presence of protein in the blends and further enhanced by cooling of cooked blends. 27577912 5 20 from ratio 867:871 arg1 spectra 900:906 FTIR spectra 895:906 FTIR spectra arising from slow retrogradation of amylopectin (r(2)>0.88, P≤0.05), whose formation was favored by the presence of protein in the blends and further enhanced by cooling of cooked blends 895:1093 Resistant starch content in the processed blends was positively correlated to intensity ratio of 1053/1035cm(-1) in FTIR spectra arising from slow retrogradation of amylopectin (r(2)>0.88, P≤0.05), whose formation was favored by the presence of protein in the blends and further enhanced by cooling of cooked blends. 27577912 5 21 theme blends 1088:1093 arg1 cooling 1070:1076 cooling 1070:1076 cooling of cooked blends 1070:1093 Resistant starch content in the processed blends was positively correlated to intensity ratio of 1053/1035cm(-1) in FTIR spectra arising from slow retrogradation of amylopectin (r(2)>0.88, P≤0.05), whose formation was favored by the presence of protein in the blends and further enhanced by cooling of cooked blends. 27577912 4 22 theme facilitating 708:719 arg1 effect 721:726 The facilitating effect 704:726 The facilitating effect of protein 704:737 The facilitating effect of protein diminished with increasing blend ratio. 27577912 0 23 theme Physicochemical 0:14 arg1 properties 16:25 Physicochemical properties 0:25 Physicochemical properties 0:25 Physicochemical properties and in vitro starch digestibility of potato starch/protein blends. 27577912 5 24 dep amylopectin 944:954 arg1 r 957:957 r(2)>0.88 957:965 r(2)>0.88 957:965 Resistant starch content in the processed blends was positively correlated to intensity ratio of 1053/1035cm(-1) in FTIR spectra arising from slow retrogradation of amylopectin (r(2)>0.88, P≤0.05), whose formation was favored by the presence of protein in the blends and further enhanced by cooling of cooked blends. 27577912 5 24 dep amylopectin 944:954 arg1 P≤0.05 968:973 P≤0.05 968:973 P≤0.05 968:973 Resistant starch content in the processed blends was positively correlated to intensity ratio of 1053/1035cm(-1) in FTIR spectra arising from slow retrogradation of amylopectin (r(2)>0.88, P≤0.05), whose formation was favored by the presence of protein in the blends and further enhanced by cooling of cooked blends. 27577912 1 25 theme starch 208:213 arg1 digestibility 215:227 in vitro starch digestibility 199:227 in vitro starch digestibility 199:227 This study aimed to investigate effects of starch-protein interactions on physicochemical properties and in vitro starch digestibility of composite potato starch/protein blends (0, 5, 10, or 15% protein) during processing (cooking, cooling and reheating). 27577912 0 26 theme in 31:32 arg1 digestibility 47:59 in vitro starch digestibility 31:59 in vitro starch digestibility 31:59 Physicochemical properties and in vitro starch digestibility of potato starch/protein blends. 27577912 1 27 from effects 126:132 arg1 digestibility 215:227 in vitro starch digestibility 199:227 in vitro starch digestibility 199:227 This study aimed to investigate effects of starch-protein interactions on physicochemical properties and in vitro starch digestibility of composite potato starch/protein blends (0, 5, 10, or 15% protein) during processing (cooking, cooling and reheating). 27577912 1 27 from effects 126:132 arg1 properties 184:193 physicochemical properties 168:193 physicochemical properties 168:193 This study aimed to investigate effects of starch-protein interactions on physicochemical properties and in vitro starch digestibility of composite potato starch/protein blends (0, 5, 10, or 15% protein) during processing (cooking, cooling and reheating). 27577912 5 28 theme 1053/1035cm 876:886 arg1 ratio 867:871 intensity ratio 857:871 intensity ratio of 1053/1035cm(-1) in FTIR spectra arising from slow retrogradation of amylopectin (r(2)>0.88, P≤0.05), whose formation was favored by the presence of protein in the blends and further enhanced by cooling of cooked blends 857:1093 Resistant starch content in the processed blends was positively correlated to intensity ratio of 1053/1035cm(-1) in FTIR spectra arising from slow retrogradation of amylopectin (r(2)>0.88, P≤0.05), whose formation was favored by the presence of protein in the blends and further enhanced by cooling of cooked blends. 27577912 2 29 dep transform 496:504 arg1 infrared 506:513 infrared 506:513 transform infrared spectroscopy 496:526 The effect on recrystallization and short-range ordering in starch was studied by light microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 27577912 5 30 theme amylopectin 944:954 arg1 retrogradation 926:939 slow retrogradation 921:939 slow retrogradation of amylopectin (r(2)>0.88, P≤0.05), whose formation was favored by the presence of protein in the blends and further enhanced by cooling of cooked blends 921:1093 Resistant starch content in the processed blends was positively correlated to intensity ratio of 1053/1035cm(-1) in FTIR spectra arising from slow retrogradation of amylopectin (r(2)>0.88, P≤0.05), whose formation was favored by the presence of protein in the blends and further enhanced by cooling of cooked blends. 27577912 5 31 from presence 1012:1019 arg1 blends 1039:1044 the blends 1035:1044 the blends 1035:1044 Resistant starch content in the processed blends was positively correlated to intensity ratio of 1053/1035cm(-1) in FTIR spectra arising from slow retrogradation of amylopectin (r(2)>0.88, P≤0.05), whose formation was favored by the presence of protein in the blends and further enhanced by cooling of cooked blends. 27577912 5 32 theme slow 921:924 arg1 retrogradation 926:939 slow retrogradation 921:939 slow retrogradation of amylopectin (r(2)>0.88, P≤0.05), whose formation was favored by the presence of protein in the blends and further enhanced by cooling of cooked blends 921:1093 Resistant starch content in the processed blends was positively correlated to intensity ratio of 1053/1035cm(-1) in FTIR spectra arising from slow retrogradation of amylopectin (r(2)>0.88, P≤0.05), whose formation was favored by the presence of protein in the blends and further enhanced by cooling of cooked blends. 27577912 0 33 theme starch 40:45 arg1 digestibility 47:59 in vitro starch digestibility 31:59 in vitro starch digestibility 31:59 Physicochemical properties and in vitro starch digestibility of potato starch/protein blends. 27577912 5 34 from 1053/1035cm 876:886 arg1 spectra 900:906 FTIR spectra 895:906 FTIR spectra arising from slow retrogradation of amylopectin (r(2)>0.88, P≤0.05), whose formation was favored by the presence of protein in the blends and further enhanced by cooling of cooked blends 895:1093 Resistant starch content in the processed blends was positively correlated to intensity ratio of 1053/1035cm(-1) in FTIR spectra arising from slow retrogradation of amylopectin (r(2)>0.88, P≤0.05), whose formation was favored by the presence of protein in the blends and further enhanced by cooling of cooked blends. 27577912 2 35 theme short-range 386:396 arg1 ordering 398:405 short-range ordering 386:405 short-range ordering 386:405 The effect on recrystallization and short-range ordering in starch was studied by light microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 27577912 3 36 theme starch 598:603 arg1 swelling 613:620 starch granule swelling 598:620 starch granule swelling 598:620 The results show that protein in the blend proportionally restricted starch granule swelling during cooking and facilitated amylopectin recrystallization during cold-storage. 27577912 1 37 theme composite 232:240 arg1 blends 264:269 composite potato starch/protein blends 232:269 composite potato starch/protein blends (0, 5, 10, or 15% protein) 232:296 This study aimed to investigate effects of starch-protein interactions on physicochemical properties and in vitro starch digestibility of composite potato starch/protein blends (0, 5, 10, or 15% protein) during processing (cooking, cooling and reheating). 27577912 1 37 theme composite 232:240 arg1 protein 289:295 0, 5, 10, or 15% protein 272:295 0, 5, 10, or 15% protein 272:295 This study aimed to investigate effects of starch-protein interactions on physicochemical properties and in vitro starch digestibility of composite potato starch/protein blends (0, 5, 10, or 15% protein) during processing (cooking, cooling and reheating). 27577912 3 38 theme granule 605:611 arg1 swelling 613:620 starch granule swelling 598:620 starch granule swelling 598:620 The results show that protein in the blend proportionally restricted starch granule swelling during cooking and facilitated amylopectin recrystallization during cold-storage. 27577912 2 39 from effect 354:359 arg1 starch 410:415 starch 410:415 starch 410:415 The effect on recrystallization and short-range ordering in starch was studied by light microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 27577912 2 39 from effect 354:359 arg1 recrystallization 364:380 recrystallization 364:380 recrystallization 364:380 The effect on recrystallization and short-range ordering in starch was studied by light microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 27577912 2 39 from effect 354:359 arg1 ordering 398:405 short-range ordering 386:405 short-range ordering 386:405 The effect on recrystallization and short-range ordering in starch was studied by light microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 27577912 1 40 theme potato 242:247 arg1 blends 264:269 composite potato starch/protein blends 232:269 composite potato starch/protein blends (0, 5, 10, or 15% protein) 232:296 This study aimed to investigate effects of starch-protein interactions on physicochemical properties and in vitro starch digestibility of composite potato starch/protein blends (0, 5, 10, or 15% protein) during processing (cooking, cooling and reheating). 27577912 1 40 theme potato 242:247 arg1 protein 289:295 0, 5, 10, or 15% protein 272:295 0, 5, 10, or 15% protein 272:295 This study aimed to investigate effects of starch-protein interactions on physicochemical properties and in vitro starch digestibility of composite potato starch/protein blends (0, 5, 10, or 15% protein) during processing (cooking, cooling and reheating). 27577912 3 41 theme amylopectin 653:663 arg1 recrystallization 665:681 amylopectin recrystallization 653:681 amylopectin recrystallization 653:681 The results show that protein in the blend proportionally restricted starch granule swelling during cooking and facilitated amylopectin recrystallization during cold-storage. 27577912 5 42 theme protein 1024:1030 arg1 presence 1012:1019 the presence 1008:1019 the presence of protein in the blends 1008:1044 Resistant starch content in the processed blends was positively correlated to intensity ratio of 1053/1035cm(-1) in FTIR spectra arising from slow retrogradation of amylopectin (r(2)>0.88, P≤0.05), whose formation was favored by the presence of protein in the blends and further enhanced by cooling of cooked blends. 27577912 6 43 theme starch-protein 1113:1126 arg1 interaction 1128:1138 starch-protein interaction 1113:1138 starch-protein interaction 1113:1138 As a conclusion, starch-protein interaction reduced starch digestibility of the processed blends. 27577912 2 44 theme light 432:436 arg1 microscopy 438:447 light microscopy 432:447 light microscopy 432:447 The effect on recrystallization and short-range ordering in starch was studied by light microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 27577912 1 45 dep in 199:200 arg1 vitro 202:206 vitro 202:206 vitro 202:206 This study aimed to investigate effects of starch-protein interactions on physicochemical properties and in vitro starch digestibility of composite potato starch/protein blends (0, 5, 10, or 15% protein) during processing (cooking, cooling and reheating). 27577912 3 46 from protein 551:557 arg1 blend 566:570 the blend 562:570 the blend 562:570 The results show that protein in the blend proportionally restricted starch granule swelling during cooking and facilitated amylopectin recrystallization during cold-storage. 27577912 2 47 dep Fourier 488:494 arg1 transform 496:504 transform 496:504 transform infrared spectroscopy 496:526 The effect on recrystallization and short-range ordering in starch was studied by light microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 27577912 0 48 dep in 31:32 arg1 vitro 34:38 vitro 34:38 vitro 34:38 Physicochemical properties and in vitro starch digestibility of potato starch/protein blends. 27577912 1 49 theme starch/protein 249:262 arg1 blends 264:269 composite potato starch/protein blends 232:269 composite potato starch/protein blends (0, 5, 10, or 15% protein) 232:296 This study aimed to investigate effects of starch-protein interactions on physicochemical properties and in vitro starch digestibility of composite potato starch/protein blends (0, 5, 10, or 15% protein) during processing (cooking, cooling and reheating). 27577912 1 49 theme starch/protein 249:262 arg1 protein 289:295 0, 5, 10, or 15% protein 272:295 0, 5, 10, or 15% protein 272:295 This study aimed to investigate effects of starch-protein interactions on physicochemical properties and in vitro starch digestibility of composite potato starch/protein blends (0, 5, 10, or 15% protein) during processing (cooking, cooling and reheating). 27577912 1 50 theme starch-protein 137:150 arg1 interactions 152:163 starch-protein interactions 137:163 starch-protein interactions 137:163 This study aimed to investigate effects of starch-protein interactions on physicochemical properties and in vitro starch digestibility of composite potato starch/protein blends (0, 5, 10, or 15% protein) during processing (cooking, cooling and reheating). 27577912 1 51 theme blends 264:269 arg1 digestibility 215:227 in vitro starch digestibility 199:227 in vitro starch digestibility 199:227 This study aimed to investigate effects of starch-protein interactions on physicochemical properties and in vitro starch digestibility of composite potato starch/protein blends (0, 5, 10, or 15% protein) during processing (cooking, cooling and reheating). 27577912 1 51 theme blends 264:269 arg1 properties 184:193 physicochemical properties 168:193 physicochemical properties 168:193 This study aimed to investigate effects of starch-protein interactions on physicochemical properties and in vitro starch digestibility of composite potato starch/protein blends (0, 5, 10, or 15% protein) during processing (cooking, cooling and reheating). 27577912 1 52 theme interactions 152:163 arg1 effects 126:132 effects 126:132 effects of starch-protein interactions on physicochemical properties and in vitro starch digestibility of composite potato starch/protein blends (0, 5, 10, or 15% protein) 126:296 This study aimed to investigate effects of starch-protein interactions on physicochemical properties and in vitro starch digestibility of composite potato starch/protein blends (0, 5, 10, or 15% protein) during processing (cooking, cooling and reheating). 27577912 6 53 theme starch 1148:1153 arg1 conclusion 1101:1110 a conclusion 1099:1110 a conclusion 1099:1110 As a conclusion, starch-protein interaction reduced starch digestibility of the processed blends. 27577912 6 53 theme starch 1148:1153 arg1 digestibility 1155:1167 starch digestibility 1148:1167 starch digestibility of the processed blends 1148:1191 As a conclusion, starch-protein interaction reduced starch digestibility of the processed blends. 27577912 0 54 theme potato 64:69 arg1 digestibility 47:59 in vitro starch digestibility 31:59 in vitro starch digestibility 31:59 Physicochemical properties and in vitro starch digestibility of potato starch/protein blends. 27577912 0 54 theme potato 64:69 arg1 properties 16:25 Physicochemical properties 0:25 Physicochemical properties 0:25 Physicochemical properties and in vitro starch digestibility of potato starch/protein blends. 24383933 0 0 theme antioxidant 75:85 arg1 activity 87:94 its antioxidant activity 71:94 its antioxidant activity 71:94 Structural characterization of a novel glucan from Achatina fulica and its antioxidant activity. 24383933 3 1 theme NMR 681:683 arg1 spectroscopy 686:697 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 653:697 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy ((1)H,( 13)C, H-H COSY, HSQC, TOCSY, and NOESY) 653:745 Its structural characteristics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), methylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy ((1)H,( 13)C, H-H COSY, HSQC, TOCSY, and NOESY), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24383933 1 2 theme Achatina 149:156 arg1 snail 183:187 China white jade snail 166:187 China white jade snail 166:187 A novel glucan designated AFPS-IB was purified from Achatina fulica (China white jade snail) by anion-exchange and gel-permeation chromatography. 24383933 1 2 theme Achatina 149:156 arg1 fulica 158:163 Achatina fulica 149:163 Achatina fulica (China white jade snail) 149:188 A novel glucan designated AFPS-IB was purified from Achatina fulica (China white jade snail) by anion-exchange and gel-permeation chromatography. 24383933 2 3 from glucose 307:313 arg1 ratio 368:372 a molar ratio 360:372 a molar ratio of 189:2:1:1:2 360:387 Chemical composition analysis indicated AFPS-IB was composed of glucose, fucose, rhamnose, mannose, and galactose in a molar ratio of 189:2:1:1:2 and with an average molecular weight of 128 kDa. 24383933 0 4 from characterization 11:26 arg1 fulica 60:65 Achatina fulica 51:65 Achatina fulica 51:65 Structural characterization of a novel glucan from Achatina fulica and its antioxidant activity. 24383933 0 4 from characterization 11:26 arg1 activity 87:94 its antioxidant activity 71:94 its antioxidant activity 71:94 Structural characterization of a novel glucan from Achatina fulica and its antioxidant activity. 24383933 5 5 dep scavenging 1067:1076 arg1 O2 1060:1061 O2 1060:1061 O2 1060:1061 Antioxidant studies revealed AFPS-IB showed significant DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical, superoxide anion (O2(-)) scavenging activities and high reduction potential. 24383933 5 5 dep scavenging 1067:1076 arg1 anion 1053:1057 superoxide anion 1042:1057 superoxide anion (O2(-)) 1042:1065 Antioxidant studies revealed AFPS-IB showed significant DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical, superoxide anion (O2(-)) scavenging activities and high reduction potential. 24383933 3 6 theme resonance 670:678 arg1 spectroscopy 686:697 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 653:697 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy ((1)H,( 13)C, H-H COSY, HSQC, TOCSY, and NOESY) 653:745 Its structural characteristics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), methylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy ((1)H,( 13)C, H-H COSY, HSQC, TOCSY, and NOESY), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24383933 5 7 theme superoxide 1042:1051 arg1 O2 1060:1061 O2 1060:1061 O2 1060:1061 Antioxidant studies revealed AFPS-IB showed significant DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical, superoxide anion (O2(-)) scavenging activities and high reduction potential. 24383933 5 7 theme superoxide 1042:1051 arg1 anion 1053:1057 superoxide anion 1042:1057 superoxide anion (O2(-)) 1042:1065 Antioxidant studies revealed AFPS-IB showed significant DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical, superoxide anion (O2(-)) scavenging activities and high reduction potential. 24383933 5 8 dep revealed 960:967 arg1 showed 977:982 showed 977:982 revealed AFPS-IB showed significant DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical, superoxide anion (O2(-)) scavenging activities and high reduction potential 960:1116 Antioxidant studies revealed AFPS-IB showed significant DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical, superoxide anion (O2(-)) scavenging activities and high reduction potential. 24383933 3 9 theme performance 543:553 arg1 HPLC 578:581 HPLC 578:581 HPLC 578:581 Its structural characteristics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), methylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy ((1)H,( 13)C, H-H COSY, HSQC, TOCSY, and NOESY), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24383933 3 9 theme performance 543:553 arg1 chromatography 562:575 high performance liquid chromatography 538:575 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 538:582 Its structural characteristics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), methylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy ((1)H,( 13)C, H-H COSY, HSQC, TOCSY, and NOESY), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24383933 3 10 theme magnetic 661:668 arg1 spectroscopy 686:697 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 653:697 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy ((1)H,( 13)C, H-H COSY, HSQC, TOCSY, and NOESY) 653:745 Its structural characteristics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), methylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy ((1)H,( 13)C, H-H COSY, HSQC, TOCSY, and NOESY), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24383933 3 11 theme atomic 752:757 arg1 AFM 777:779 AFM 777:779 AFM 777:779 Its structural characteristics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), methylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy ((1)H,( 13)C, H-H COSY, HSQC, TOCSY, and NOESY), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24383933 3 11 theme atomic 752:757 arg1 microscopy 765:774 atomic force microscopy 752:774 atomic force microscopy (AFM) 752:780 Its structural characteristics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), methylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy ((1)H,( 13)C, H-H COSY, HSQC, TOCSY, and NOESY), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24383933 5 12 theme Antioxidant 940:950 arg1 studies 952:958 Antioxidant studies 940:958 Antioxidant studies 940:958 Antioxidant studies revealed AFPS-IB showed significant DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical, superoxide anion (O2(-)) scavenging activities and high reduction potential. 24383933 5 13 theme reduction 1098:1106 arg1 potential 1108:1116 high reduction potential 1093:1116 high reduction potential 1093:1116 Antioxidant studies revealed AFPS-IB showed significant DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical, superoxide anion (O2(-)) scavenging activities and high reduction potential. 24383933 4 14 theme random 901:906 arg1 points 908:913 random points 901:913 random points on the backbone glucose 901:937 The glucan mainly consisted of a backbone of repeating (1→4)-α-d-glucose residues with (1→6)-β-d glucosyl branches at random points on the backbone glucose. 24383933 2 15 theme 189:2:1:1:2 377:387 arg1 ratio 368:372 a molar ratio 360:372 a molar ratio of 189:2:1:1:2 360:387 Chemical composition analysis indicated AFPS-IB was composed of glucose, fucose, rhamnose, mannose, and galactose in a molar ratio of 189:2:1:1:2 and with an average molecular weight of 128 kDa. 24383933 6 16 theme antioxidants 1186:1197 arg1 source 1168:1173 a new source 1162:1173 a new source of dietary antioxidants 1162:1197 This study suggested that AFPS-IB could be a new source of dietary antioxidants. 24383933 6 16 theme antioxidants 1186:1197 arg1 AFPS-IB 1145:1151 AFPS-IB 1145:1151 AFPS-IB 1145:1151 This study suggested that AFPS-IB could be a new source of dietary antioxidants. 24383933 4 17 theme residues 856:863 arg1 backbone 816:823 a backbone 814:823 a backbone of repeating (1→4)-α-d-glucose residues with (1→6)-β-d glucosyl branches at random points on the backbone glucose 814:937 The glucan mainly consisted of a backbone of repeating (1→4)-α-d-glucose residues with (1→6)-β-d glucosyl branches at random points on the backbone glucose. 24383933 5 18 theme scavenging 1067:1076 arg1 activities 1078:1087 significant DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical, superoxide anion (O2(-)) scavenging activities 984:1087 significant DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical, superoxide anion (O2(-)) scavenging activities 984:1087 Antioxidant studies revealed AFPS-IB showed significant DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical, superoxide anion (O2(-)) scavenging activities and high reduction potential. 24383933 1 19 theme China 166:170 arg1 snail 183:187 China white jade snail 166:187 China white jade snail 166:187 A novel glucan designated AFPS-IB was purified from Achatina fulica (China white jade snail) by anion-exchange and gel-permeation chromatography. 24383933 1 19 theme China 166:170 arg1 fulica 158:163 Achatina fulica 149:163 Achatina fulica (China white jade snail) 149:188 A novel glucan designated AFPS-IB was purified from Achatina fulica (China white jade snail) by anion-exchange and gel-permeation chromatography. 24383933 3 20 theme liquid 555:560 arg1 HPLC 578:581 HPLC 578:581 HPLC 578:581 Its structural characteristics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), methylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy ((1)H,( 13)C, H-H COSY, HSQC, TOCSY, and NOESY), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24383933 3 20 theme liquid 555:560 arg1 chromatography 562:575 high performance liquid chromatography 538:575 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 538:582 Its structural characteristics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), methylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy ((1)H,( 13)C, H-H COSY, HSQC, TOCSY, and NOESY), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24383933 5 21 theme radical 1033:1039 arg1 scavenging 1067:1076 significant DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical, superoxide anion (O2(-)) scavenging 984:1076 scavenging 1067:1076 Antioxidant studies revealed AFPS-IB showed significant DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical, superoxide anion (O2(-)) scavenging activities and high reduction potential. 24383933 1 22 theme white 172:176 arg1 snail 183:187 China white jade snail 166:187 China white jade snail 166:187 A novel glucan designated AFPS-IB was purified from Achatina fulica (China white jade snail) by anion-exchange and gel-permeation chromatography. 24383933 1 22 theme white 172:176 arg1 fulica 158:163 Achatina fulica 149:163 Achatina fulica (China white jade snail) 149:188 A novel glucan designated AFPS-IB was purified from Achatina fulica (China white jade snail) by anion-exchange and gel-permeation chromatography. 24383933 0 23 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 characterization 11:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization of a novel glucan from Achatina fulica and its antioxidant activity. 0:95 Structural characterization of a novel glucan from Achatina fulica and its antioxidant activity. 24383933 5 24 theme DPPH 996:999 arg1 scavenging 1067:1076 significant DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical, superoxide anion (O2(-)) scavenging 984:1076 scavenging 1067:1076 Antioxidant studies revealed AFPS-IB showed significant DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical, superoxide anion (O2(-)) scavenging activities and high reduction potential. 24383933 4 25 with residues 856:863 arg1 branches 889:896 (1→6)-β-d glucosyl branches 870:896 (1→6)-β-d glucosyl branches at random points on the backbone glucose 870:937 The glucan mainly consisted of a backbone of repeating (1→4)-α-d-glucose residues with (1→6)-β-d glucosyl branches at random points on the backbone glucose. 24383933 1 26 theme jade 178:181 arg1 snail 183:187 China white jade snail 166:187 China white jade snail 166:187 A novel glucan designated AFPS-IB was purified from Achatina fulica (China white jade snail) by anion-exchange and gel-permeation chromatography. 24383933 1 26 theme jade 178:181 arg1 fulica 158:163 Achatina fulica 149:163 Achatina fulica (China white jade snail) 149:188 A novel glucan designated AFPS-IB was purified from Achatina fulica (China white jade snail) by anion-exchange and gel-permeation chromatography. 24383933 4 27 theme glucosyl 880:887 arg1 branches 889:896 (1→6)-β-d glucosyl branches 870:896 (1→6)-β-d glucosyl branches at random points on the backbone glucose 870:937 The glucan mainly consisted of a backbone of repeating (1→4)-α-d-glucose residues with (1→6)-β-d glucosyl branches at random points on the backbone glucose. 24383933 3 28 theme gas 585:587 arg1 GC-MS 623:627 GC-MS 623:627 GC-MS 623:627 Its structural characteristics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), methylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy ((1)H,( 13)C, H-H COSY, HSQC, TOCSY, and NOESY), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24383933 3 28 theme gas 585:587 arg1 spectrometry 609:620 gas chromatography mass spectrometry 585:620 gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 585:628 Its structural characteristics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), methylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy ((1)H,( 13)C, H-H COSY, HSQC, TOCSY, and NOESY), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24383933 6 29 theme dietary 1178:1184 arg1 antioxidants 1186:1197 dietary antioxidants 1178:1197 dietary antioxidants 1178:1197 This study suggested that AFPS-IB could be a new source of dietary antioxidants. 24383933 3 30 theme high 538:541 arg1 HPLC 578:581 HPLC 578:581 HPLC 578:581 Its structural characteristics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), methylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy ((1)H,( 13)C, H-H COSY, HSQC, TOCSY, and NOESY), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24383933 3 30 theme high 538:541 arg1 chromatography 562:575 high performance liquid chromatography 538:575 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 538:582 Its structural characteristics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), methylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy ((1)H,( 13)C, H-H COSY, HSQC, TOCSY, and NOESY), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24383933 4 31 from points 908:913 arg1 branches 889:896 (1→6)-β-d glucosyl branches 870:896 (1→6)-β-d glucosyl branches at random points on the backbone glucose 870:937 The glucan mainly consisted of a backbone of repeating (1→4)-α-d-glucose residues with (1→6)-β-d glucosyl branches at random points on the backbone glucose. 24383933 4 31 from points 908:913 arg1 glucose 931:937 the backbone glucose 918:937 the backbone glucose 918:937 The glucan mainly consisted of a backbone of repeating (1→4)-α-d-glucose residues with (1→6)-β-d glucosyl branches at random points on the backbone glucose. 24383933 2 32 theme average 401:407 arg1 weight 419:424 an average molecular weight 398:424 an average molecular weight of 128 kDa 398:435 Chemical composition analysis indicated AFPS-IB was composed of glucose, fucose, rhamnose, mannose, and galactose in a molar ratio of 189:2:1:1:2 and with an average molecular weight of 128 kDa. 24383933 2 33 theme molecular 409:417 arg1 weight 419:424 an average molecular weight 398:424 an average molecular weight of 128 kDa 398:435 Chemical composition analysis indicated AFPS-IB was composed of glucose, fucose, rhamnose, mannose, and galactose in a molar ratio of 189:2:1:1:2 and with an average molecular weight of 128 kDa. 24383933 1 34 theme novel 99:103 arg1 glucan 105:110 A novel glucan 97:110 A novel glucan designated AFPS-IB 97:129 A novel glucan designated AFPS-IB was purified from Achatina fulica (China white jade snail) by anion-exchange and gel-permeation chromatography. 24383933 3 35 theme structural 442:451 arg1 characteristics 453:467 Its structural characteristics 438:467 Its structural characteristics 438:467 Its structural characteristics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), methylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy ((1)H,( 13)C, H-H COSY, HSQC, TOCSY, and NOESY), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24383933 0 36 theme glucan 39:44 arg1 characterization 11:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization of a novel glucan from Achatina fulica and its antioxidant activity. 0:95 Structural characterization of a novel glucan from Achatina fulica and its antioxidant activity. 24383933 2 37 theme molar 362:366 arg1 ratio 368:372 a molar ratio 360:372 a molar ratio of 189:2:1:1:2 360:387 Chemical composition analysis indicated AFPS-IB was composed of glucose, fucose, rhamnose, mannose, and galactose in a molar ratio of 189:2:1:1:2 and with an average molecular weight of 128 kDa. 24383933 0 38 theme novel 33:37 arg1 glucan 39:44 a novel glucan 31:44 a novel glucan from Achatina fulica and its antioxidant activity 31:94 Structural characterization of a novel glucan from Achatina fulica and its antioxidant activity. 24383933 4 39 theme -α-d-glucose 843:854 arg1 residues 856:863 repeating (1→4)-α-d-glucose residues 828:863 repeating (1→4)-α-d-glucose residues with (1→6)-β-d glucosyl branches at random points on the backbone glucose 828:937 The glucan mainly consisted of a backbone of repeating (1→4)-α-d-glucose residues with (1→6)-β-d glucosyl branches at random points on the backbone glucose. 24383933 1 40 theme anion-exchange 193:206 arg1 chromatography 227:240 anion-exchange and gel-permeation chromatography 193:240 chromatography 227:240 A novel glucan designated AFPS-IB was purified from Achatina fulica (China white jade snail) by anion-exchange and gel-permeation chromatography. 24383933 0 41 theme Achatina 51:58 arg1 fulica 60:65 Achatina fulica 51:65 Achatina fulica 51:65 Structural characterization of a novel glucan from Achatina fulica and its antioxidant activity. 24383933 3 42 dep spectroscopy 686:697 arg1 H 703:703 (1)H 700:703 (1)H 700:703 Its structural characteristics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), methylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy ((1)H,( 13)C, H-H COSY, HSQC, TOCSY, and NOESY), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24383933 0 43 from fulica 60:65 arg1 glucan 39:44 a novel glucan 31:44 a novel glucan from Achatina fulica and its antioxidant activity 31:94 Structural characterization of a novel glucan from Achatina fulica and its antioxidant activity. 24383933 0 43 from fulica 60:65 arg1 characterization 11:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization of a novel glucan from Achatina fulica and its antioxidant activity. 0:95 Structural characterization of a novel glucan from Achatina fulica and its antioxidant activity. 24383933 5 44 theme significant 984:994 arg1 scavenging 1067:1076 significant DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical, superoxide anion (O2(-)) scavenging 984:1076 scavenging 1067:1076 Antioxidant studies revealed AFPS-IB showed significant DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical, superoxide anion (O2(-)) scavenging activities and high reduction potential. 24383933 2 45 theme kDa 433:435 arg1 weight 419:424 an average molecular weight 398:424 an average molecular weight of 128 kDa 398:435 Chemical composition analysis indicated AFPS-IB was composed of glucose, fucose, rhamnose, mannose, and galactose in a molar ratio of 189:2:1:1:2 and with an average molecular weight of 128 kDa. 24383933 3 46 theme chromatography 589:602 arg1 GC-MS 623:627 GC-MS 623:627 GC-MS 623:627 Its structural characteristics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), methylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy ((1)H,( 13)C, H-H COSY, HSQC, TOCSY, and NOESY), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24383933 3 46 theme chromatography 589:602 arg1 spectrometry 609:620 gas chromatography mass spectrometry 585:620 gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 585:628 Its structural characteristics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), methylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy ((1)H,( 13)C, H-H COSY, HSQC, TOCSY, and NOESY), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24383933 3 47 theme nuclear 653:659 arg1 spectroscopy 686:697 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 653:697 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy ((1)H,( 13)C, H-H COSY, HSQC, TOCSY, and NOESY) 653:745 Its structural characteristics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), methylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy ((1)H,( 13)C, H-H COSY, HSQC, TOCSY, and NOESY), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24383933 3 48 theme mass 604:607 arg1 GC-MS 623:627 GC-MS 623:627 GC-MS 623:627 Its structural characteristics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), methylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy ((1)H,( 13)C, H-H COSY, HSQC, TOCSY, and NOESY), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24383933 3 48 theme mass 604:607 arg1 spectrometry 609:620 gas chromatography mass spectrometry 585:620 gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 585:628 Its structural characteristics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), methylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy ((1)H,( 13)C, H-H COSY, HSQC, TOCSY, and NOESY), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24383933 6 49 theme new 1164:1166 arg1 source 1168:1173 a new source 1162:1173 a new source of dietary antioxidants 1162:1197 This study suggested that AFPS-IB could be a new source of dietary antioxidants. 24383933 6 49 theme new 1164:1166 arg1 AFPS-IB 1145:1151 AFPS-IB 1145:1151 AFPS-IB 1145:1151 This study suggested that AFPS-IB could be a new source of dietary antioxidants. 24383933 3 50 theme methylation 631:641 arg1 analysis 643:650 methylation analysis 631:650 methylation analysis 631:650 Its structural characteristics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), methylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy ((1)H,( 13)C, H-H COSY, HSQC, TOCSY, and NOESY), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24383933 4 51 theme -β-d 875:878 arg1 branches 889:896 (1→6)-β-d glucosyl branches 870:896 (1→6)-β-d glucosyl branches at random points on the backbone glucose 870:937 The glucan mainly consisted of a backbone of repeating (1→4)-α-d-glucose residues with (1→6)-β-d glucosyl branches at random points on the backbone glucose. 24383933 1 52 theme gel-permeation 212:225 arg1 chromatography 227:240 anion-exchange and gel-permeation chromatography 193:240 chromatography 227:240 A novel glucan designated AFPS-IB was purified from Achatina fulica (China white jade snail) by anion-exchange and gel-permeation chromatography. 24383933 5 53 theme 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl 1002:1030 arg1 scavenging 1067:1076 significant DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical, superoxide anion (O2(-)) scavenging 984:1076 scavenging 1067:1076 Antioxidant studies revealed AFPS-IB showed significant DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical, superoxide anion (O2(-)) scavenging activities and high reduction potential. 24383933 0 54 from activity 87:94 arg1 glucan 39:44 a novel glucan 31:44 a novel glucan from Achatina fulica and its antioxidant activity 31:94 Structural characterization of a novel glucan from Achatina fulica and its antioxidant activity. 24383933 0 54 from activity 87:94 arg1 characterization 11:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization of a novel glucan from Achatina fulica and its antioxidant activity. 0:95 Structural characterization of a novel glucan from Achatina fulica and its antioxidant activity. 24383933 2 55 theme composition 252:262 arg1 analysis 264:271 Chemical composition analysis 243:271 Chemical composition analysis 243:271 Chemical composition analysis indicated AFPS-IB was composed of glucose, fucose, rhamnose, mannose, and galactose in a molar ratio of 189:2:1:1:2 and with an average molecular weight of 128 kDa. 24383933 5 56 theme high 1093:1096 arg1 potential 1108:1116 high reduction potential 1093:1116 high reduction potential 1093:1116 Antioxidant studies revealed AFPS-IB showed significant DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical, superoxide anion (O2(-)) scavenging activities and high reduction potential. 24383933 3 57 theme infrared 508:515 arg1 FTIR 531:534 FTIR 531:534 FTIR 531:534 Its structural characteristics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), methylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy ((1)H,( 13)C, H-H COSY, HSQC, TOCSY, and NOESY), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24383933 3 57 theme infrared 508:515 arg1 spectroscopy 517:528 infrared spectroscopy 508:528 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 508:535 Its structural characteristics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), methylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy ((1)H,( 13)C, H-H COSY, HSQC, TOCSY, and NOESY), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24383933 4 58 theme backbone 922:929 arg1 glucose 931:937 the backbone glucose 918:937 the backbone glucose 918:937 The glucan mainly consisted of a backbone of repeating (1→4)-α-d-glucose residues with (1→6)-β-d glucosyl branches at random points on the backbone glucose. 24383933 3 59 dep H 703:703 arg1 COSY 717:720 H-H COSY 713:720 H-H COSY 713:720 Its structural characteristics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), methylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy ((1)H,( 13)C, H-H COSY, HSQC, TOCSY, and NOESY), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24383933 3 59 dep H 703:703 arg1 NOESY 740:744 NOESY 740:744 NOESY 740:744 Its structural characteristics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), methylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy ((1)H,( 13)C, H-H COSY, HSQC, TOCSY, and NOESY), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24383933 3 59 dep H 703:703 arg1 HSQC 723:726 HSQC 723:726 HSQC 723:726 Its structural characteristics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), methylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy ((1)H,( 13)C, H-H COSY, HSQC, TOCSY, and NOESY), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24383933 3 59 dep H 703:703 arg1 C 710:710 ( 13)C 705:710 ( 13)C 705:710 Its structural characteristics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), methylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy ((1)H,( 13)C, H-H COSY, HSQC, TOCSY, and NOESY), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24383933 3 59 dep H 703:703 arg1 1 701:701 1 701:701 1 701:701 Its structural characteristics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), methylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy ((1)H,( 13)C, H-H COSY, HSQC, TOCSY, and NOESY), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24383933 3 59 dep H 703:703 arg1 TOCSY 729:733 TOCSY 729:733 TOCSY 729:733 Its structural characteristics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), methylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy ((1)H,( 13)C, H-H COSY, HSQC, TOCSY, and NOESY), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24383933 2 60 theme Chemical 243:250 arg1 analysis 264:271 Chemical composition analysis 243:271 Chemical composition analysis 243:271 Chemical composition analysis indicated AFPS-IB was composed of glucose, fucose, rhamnose, mannose, and galactose in a molar ratio of 189:2:1:1:2 and with an average molecular weight of 128 kDa. 24383933 3 61 theme force 759:763 arg1 AFM 777:779 AFM 777:779 AFM 777:779 Its structural characteristics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), methylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy ((1)H,( 13)C, H-H COSY, HSQC, TOCSY, and NOESY), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24383933 3 61 theme force 759:763 arg1 microscopy 765:774 atomic force microscopy 752:774 atomic force microscopy (AFM) 752:780 Its structural characteristics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), methylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy ((1)H,( 13)C, H-H COSY, HSQC, TOCSY, and NOESY), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 24383933 3 62 theme H-H 713:715 arg1 COSY 717:720 H-H COSY 713:720 H-H COSY 713:720 Its structural characteristics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), methylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy ((1)H,( 13)C, H-H COSY, HSQC, TOCSY, and NOESY), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 25996415 12 0 dep chitosan 1680:1687 arg1 carrier 1731:1737 based cell-targeting drug carrier 1705:1737 based cell-targeting drug carrier 1705:1737 Those methods and quantitative results have guiding significance for investigating the mechanism of chitosan and/or collagen based cell-targeting drug carrier and the preparation of chitosan-collagen composite biomaterials. 25996415 1 1 from cell 198:201 arg1 engineering 247:257 tissue engineering 240:257 tissue engineering 240:257 The interaction between cells and biomaterials plays a key role in cell proliferation and differentiation in tissue engineering. 25996415 2 2 theme quantitative 271:282 arg1 analysis 284:291 a quantitative analysis 269:291 a quantitative analysis of those interactions 269:313 However, a quantitative analysis of those interactions has been less well studied. 25996415 3 3 from properties 478:487 arg1 films 510:514 chitosan-collagen films 492:514 chitosan-collagen films 492:514 The objective of this study was to quantitative recapitulate the difference of MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion, morphological and biomechanical properties on chitosan-collagen films in terms of chemical composition. 25996415 2 4 theme interactions 302:313 arg1 analysis 284:291 a quantitative analysis 269:291 a quantitative analysis of those interactions 269:313 However, a quantitative analysis of those interactions has been less well studied. 25996415 0 5 theme single 112:117 arg1 level 124:128 single cell level 112:128 single cell level 112:128 A quantitative study of MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion, morphology and biomechanics on chitosan-collagen blend films at single cell level. 25996415 5 6 from Meanwhile 743:751 arg1 films 832:836 different chitosan-collagen films 804:836 different chitosan-collagen films 804:836 Meanwhile, changes in cell morphology and Young's modulus on different chitosan-collagen films were detected by AFM. 25996415 5 6 from Meanwhile 743:751 arg1 morphology 770:779 cell morphology 765:779 cell morphology 765:779 Meanwhile, changes in cell morphology and Young's modulus on different chitosan-collagen films were detected by AFM. 25996415 6 7 theme collagen 963:970 arg1 content 972:978 collagen content 963:978 collagen content 963:978 The cell area and CCK-8 results showed that cell spreading and proliferation increased with increasing collagen content. 25996415 12 8 theme guiding 1624:1630 arg1 significance 1632:1643 guiding significance 1624:1643 guiding significance for investigating the mechanism of chitosan and/or collagen based cell-targeting drug carrier and the preparation of chitosan-collagen composite biomaterials 1624:1801 Those methods and quantitative results have guiding significance for investigating the mechanism of chitosan and/or collagen based cell-targeting drug carrier and the preparation of chitosan-collagen composite biomaterials. 25996415 7 9 theme collagen 1065:1072 arg1 content 1074:1080 the collagen content 1061:1080 the collagen content 1061:1080 AFM observations clearly showed cell height decreased and pseudopod fusion with the collagen content increased. 25996415 5 10 from changes 754:760 arg1 films 832:836 different chitosan-collagen films 804:836 different chitosan-collagen films 804:836 Meanwhile, changes in cell morphology and Young's modulus on different chitosan-collagen films were detected by AFM. 25996415 5 10 from changes 754:760 arg1 morphology 770:779 cell morphology 765:779 cell morphology 765:779 Meanwhile, changes in cell morphology and Young's modulus on different chitosan-collagen films were detected by AFM. 25996415 10 11 theme stronger 1323:1330 arg1 interactions 1347:1358 stronger cell-substrate interactions 1323:1358 stronger cell-substrate interactions 1323:1358 It suggested that stronger cell-substrate interactions benefit cell adhesion, and better cell flexibility improve cell spreading. 25996415 4 12 theme force 683:687 arg1 spectroscopy 718:729 atomic force microscopy-single cell force spectroscopy 676:729 a real-time and in situ atomic force microscopy-single cell force spectroscopy (AFM-SCFS) 652:740 Here, the unbinding force between MC3T3-E1 cell and a series of chitosan-collagen films was probed by a real-time and in situ atomic force microscopy-single cell force spectroscopy (AFM-SCFS). 25996415 4 12 theme force 683:687 arg1 AFM-SCFS 732:739 AFM-SCFS 732:739 AFM-SCFS 732:739 Here, the unbinding force between MC3T3-E1 cell and a series of chitosan-collagen films was probed by a real-time and in situ atomic force microscopy-single cell force spectroscopy (AFM-SCFS). 25996415 0 13 theme morphology 48:57 arg1 study 15:19 A quantitative study 0:19 A quantitative study of MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion, morphology and biomechanics on chitosan-collagen blend 0:101 A quantitative study of MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion, morphology and biomechanics on chitosan-collagen blend films at single cell level. 25996415 0 14 from study 15:19 arg1 blend 97:101 chitosan-collagen blend 79:101 chitosan-collagen blend 79:101 A quantitative study of MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion, morphology and biomechanics on chitosan-collagen blend films at single cell level. 25996415 4 15 theme cell 707:710 arg1 spectroscopy 718:729 atomic force microscopy-single cell force spectroscopy 676:729 a real-time and in situ atomic force microscopy-single cell force spectroscopy (AFM-SCFS) 652:740 Here, the unbinding force between MC3T3-E1 cell and a series of chitosan-collagen films was probed by a real-time and in situ atomic force microscopy-single cell force spectroscopy (AFM-SCFS). 25996415 4 15 theme cell 707:710 arg1 AFM-SCFS 732:739 AFM-SCFS 732:739 AFM-SCFS 732:739 Here, the unbinding force between MC3T3-E1 cell and a series of chitosan-collagen films was probed by a real-time and in situ atomic force microscopy-single cell force spectroscopy (AFM-SCFS). 25996415 11 16 theme chitosan-collagen 1550:1566 arg1 substrates 1568:1577 various chitosan-collagen substrates 1542:1577 various chitosan-collagen substrates 1542:1577 The findings indicate that cell morphology, adhesive force and Young's modulus are significant affected by various chitosan-collagen substrates. 25996415 0 17 theme biomechanics 63:74 arg1 study 15:19 A quantitative study 0:19 A quantitative study of MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion, morphology and biomechanics on chitosan-collagen blend 0:101 A quantitative study of MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion, morphology and biomechanics on chitosan-collagen blend films at single cell level. 25996415 12 18 theme composite 1780:1788 arg1 biomaterials 1790:1801 chitosan-collagen composite biomaterials 1762:1801 chitosan-collagen composite biomaterials 1762:1801 Those methods and quantitative results have guiding significance for investigating the mechanism of chitosan and/or collagen based cell-targeting drug carrier and the preparation of chitosan-collagen composite biomaterials. 25996415 0 19 theme chitosan-collagen 79:95 arg1 blend 97:101 chitosan-collagen blend 79:101 chitosan-collagen blend 79:101 A quantitative study of MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion, morphology and biomechanics on chitosan-collagen blend films at single cell level. 25996415 11 20 theme adhesive 1479:1486 arg1 force 1488:1492 adhesive force 1479:1492 adhesive force 1479:1492 The findings indicate that cell morphology, adhesive force and Young's modulus are significant affected by various chitosan-collagen substrates. 25996415 3 21 theme cell 431:434 arg1 properties 478:487 morphological and biomechanical properties 446:487 morphological and biomechanical properties on chitosan-collagen films 446:514 The objective of this study was to quantitative recapitulate the difference of MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion, morphological and biomechanical properties on chitosan-collagen films in terms of chemical composition. 25996415 3 21 theme cell 431:434 arg1 adhesion 436:443 MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion 422:443 MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion 422:443 The objective of this study was to quantitative recapitulate the difference of MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion, morphological and biomechanical properties on chitosan-collagen films in terms of chemical composition. 25996415 11 22 theme cell 1462:1465 arg1 morphology 1467:1476 cell morphology 1462:1476 cell morphology 1462:1476 The findings indicate that cell morphology, adhesive force and Young's modulus are significant affected by various chitosan-collagen substrates. 25996415 5 23 theme different 804:812 arg1 films 832:836 different chitosan-collagen films 804:836 different chitosan-collagen films 804:836 Meanwhile, changes in cell morphology and Young's modulus on different chitosan-collagen films were detected by AFM. 25996415 12 24 theme collagen 1696:1703 arg1 mechanism 1667:1675 the mechanism 1663:1675 the mechanism of chitosan and/or collagen based cell-targeting drug carrier 1663:1737 Those methods and quantitative results have guiding significance for investigating the mechanism of chitosan and/or collagen based cell-targeting drug carrier and the preparation of chitosan-collagen composite biomaterials. 25996415 12 24 theme collagen 1696:1703 arg1 preparation 1747:1757 the preparation 1743:1757 the preparation of chitosan-collagen composite biomaterials 1743:1801 Those methods and quantitative results have guiding significance for investigating the mechanism of chitosan and/or collagen based cell-targeting drug carrier and the preparation of chitosan-collagen composite biomaterials. 25996415 11 25 theme Young 1498:1502 arg1 modulus 1506:1512 Young's modulus 1498:1512 Young's modulus 1498:1512 The findings indicate that cell morphology, adhesive force and Young's modulus are significant affected by various chitosan-collagen substrates. 25996415 8 26 theme adhesive 1098:1105 arg1 force 1107:1111 Cell adhesive force 1093:1111 Cell adhesive force 1093:1111 Cell adhesive force increased from 0.76±0.17 nN to 1.70±0.19 nN. 25996415 6 27 theme area 869:872 arg1 results 884:890 The cell area and CCK-8 results 860:890 The cell area and CCK-8 results 860:890 The cell area and CCK-8 results showed that cell spreading and proliferation increased with increasing collagen content. 25996415 12 28 theme cell-targeting 1711:1724 arg1 carrier 1731:1737 based cell-targeting drug carrier 1705:1737 based cell-targeting drug carrier 1705:1737 Those methods and quantitative results have guiding significance for investigating the mechanism of chitosan and/or collagen based cell-targeting drug carrier and the preparation of chitosan-collagen composite biomaterials. 25996415 0 29 theme MC3T3-E1 24:31 arg1 adhesion 38:45 MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion 24:45 MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion 24:45 A quantitative study of MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion, morphology and biomechanics on chitosan-collagen blend films at single cell level. 25996415 5 30 theme Young 785:789 arg1 modulus 793:799 Young's modulus 785:799 Young's modulus on different chitosan-collagen films 785:836 Meanwhile, changes in cell morphology and Young's modulus on different chitosan-collagen films were detected by AFM. 25996415 10 31 theme cell 1368:1371 arg1 adhesion 1373:1380 cell adhesion 1368:1380 cell adhesion 1368:1380 It suggested that stronger cell-substrate interactions benefit cell adhesion, and better cell flexibility improve cell spreading. 25996415 3 32 theme chitosan-collagen 492:508 arg1 films 510:514 chitosan-collagen films 492:514 chitosan-collagen films 492:514 The objective of this study was to quantitative recapitulate the difference of MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion, morphological and biomechanical properties on chitosan-collagen films in terms of chemical composition. 25996415 0 33 theme adhesion 38:45 arg1 study 15:19 A quantitative study 0:19 A quantitative study of MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion, morphology and biomechanics on chitosan-collagen blend 0:101 A quantitative study of MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion, morphology and biomechanics on chitosan-collagen blend films at single cell level. 25996415 8 34 theme 0.76±0.17 1128:1136 arg1 nN 1138:1139 nN 1138:1139 nN 1138:1139 Cell adhesive force increased from 0.76±0.17 nN to 1.70±0.19 nN. 25996415 4 35 dep in 668:669 arg1 situ 671:674 situ 671:674 situ 671:674 Here, the unbinding force between MC3T3-E1 cell and a series of chitosan-collagen films was probed by a real-time and in situ atomic force microscopy-single cell force spectroscopy (AFM-SCFS). 25996415 0 36 from level 124:128 arg1 films 103:107 films 103:107 films 103:107 A quantitative study of MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion, morphology and biomechanics on chitosan-collagen blend films at single cell level. 25996415 10 37 theme better 1387:1392 arg1 flexibility 1399:1409 better cell flexibility 1387:1409 better cell flexibility 1387:1409 It suggested that stronger cell-substrate interactions benefit cell adhesion, and better cell flexibility improve cell spreading. 25996415 4 38 theme chitosan-collagen 614:630 arg1 films 632:636 chitosan-collagen films 614:636 chitosan-collagen films 614:636 Here, the unbinding force between MC3T3-E1 cell and a series of chitosan-collagen films was probed by a real-time and in situ atomic force microscopy-single cell force spectroscopy (AFM-SCFS). 25996415 9 39 theme Young 1181:1185 arg1 modulus 1189:1195 cells Young's modulus 1175:1195 cells Young's modulus 1175:1195 On the contrary, cells Young's modulus, which reflected biophysical changes of cells decreased from 11.94±3.19 kPa to 1.81±0.52 kPa, respectively. 25996415 1 40 theme tissue 240:245 arg1 engineering 247:257 tissue engineering 240:257 tissue engineering 240:257 The interaction between cells and biomaterials plays a key role in cell proliferation and differentiation in tissue engineering. 25996415 6 41 theme cell 904:907 arg1 spreading 909:917 cell spreading 904:917 cell spreading 904:917 The cell area and CCK-8 results showed that cell spreading and proliferation increased with increasing collagen content. 25996415 4 42 theme MC3T3-E1 584:591 arg1 cell 593:596 MC3T3-E1 cell 584:596 MC3T3-E1 cell 584:596 Here, the unbinding force between MC3T3-E1 cell and a series of chitosan-collagen films was probed by a real-time and in situ atomic force microscopy-single cell force spectroscopy (AFM-SCFS). 25996415 9 43 theme biophysical 1214:1224 arg1 changes 1226:1232 biophysical changes 1214:1232 biophysical changes of cells 1214:1241 On the contrary, cells Young's modulus, which reflected biophysical changes of cells decreased from 11.94±3.19 kPa to 1.81±0.52 kPa, respectively. 25996415 10 44 theme cell 1419:1422 arg1 spreading 1424:1432 cell spreading 1419:1432 cell spreading 1419:1432 It suggested that stronger cell-substrate interactions benefit cell adhesion, and better cell flexibility improve cell spreading. 25996415 3 45 theme composition 537:547 arg1 terms 519:523 terms 519:523 terms of chemical composition 519:547 The objective of this study was to quantitative recapitulate the difference of MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion, morphological and biomechanical properties on chitosan-collagen films in terms of chemical composition. 25996415 6 46 theme CCK-8 878:882 arg1 results 884:890 The cell area and CCK-8 results 860:890 The cell area and CCK-8 results 860:890 The cell area and CCK-8 results showed that cell spreading and proliferation increased with increasing collagen content. 25996415 4 47 theme real-time 654:662 arg1 spectroscopy 718:729 atomic force microscopy-single cell force spectroscopy 676:729 a real-time and in situ atomic force microscopy-single cell force spectroscopy (AFM-SCFS) 652:740 Here, the unbinding force between MC3T3-E1 cell and a series of chitosan-collagen films was probed by a real-time and in situ atomic force microscopy-single cell force spectroscopy (AFM-SCFS). 25996415 4 47 theme real-time 654:662 arg1 AFM-SCFS 732:739 AFM-SCFS 732:739 AFM-SCFS 732:739 Here, the unbinding force between MC3T3-E1 cell and a series of chitosan-collagen films was probed by a real-time and in situ atomic force microscopy-single cell force spectroscopy (AFM-SCFS). 25996415 12 48 contain have 1619:1622 arg1 methods 1586:1592 methods 1586:1592 methods 1586:1592 Those methods and quantitative results have guiding significance for investigating the mechanism of chitosan and/or collagen based cell-targeting drug carrier and the preparation of chitosan-collagen composite biomaterials. 25996415 12 48 contain have 1619:1622 arg1 results 1611:1617 quantitative results 1598:1617 quantitative results 1598:1617 Those methods and quantitative results have guiding significance for investigating the mechanism of chitosan and/or collagen based cell-targeting drug carrier and the preparation of chitosan-collagen composite biomaterials. 25996415 12 48 contain have 1619:1622 arg2 significance 1632:1643 guiding significance 1624:1643 guiding significance for investigating the mechanism of chitosan and/or collagen based cell-targeting drug carrier and the preparation of chitosan-collagen composite biomaterials 1624:1801 Those methods and quantitative results have guiding significance for investigating the mechanism of chitosan and/or collagen based cell-targeting drug carrier and the preparation of chitosan-collagen composite biomaterials. 25996415 4 49 theme in 668:669 arg1 spectroscopy 718:729 atomic force microscopy-single cell force spectroscopy 676:729 a real-time and in situ atomic force microscopy-single cell force spectroscopy (AFM-SCFS) 652:740 Here, the unbinding force between MC3T3-E1 cell and a series of chitosan-collagen films was probed by a real-time and in situ atomic force microscopy-single cell force spectroscopy (AFM-SCFS). 25996415 4 49 theme in 668:669 arg1 AFM-SCFS 732:739 AFM-SCFS 732:739 AFM-SCFS 732:739 Here, the unbinding force between MC3T3-E1 cell and a series of chitosan-collagen films was probed by a real-time and in situ atomic force microscopy-single cell force spectroscopy (AFM-SCFS). 25996415 8 50 dep nN 1138:1139 arg1 to 1141:1142 to 1141:1142 to 1141:1142 Cell adhesive force increased from 0.76±0.17 nN to 1.70±0.19 nN. 25996415 0 51 theme cell 119:122 arg1 level 124:128 single cell level 112:128 single cell level 112:128 A quantitative study of MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion, morphology and biomechanics on chitosan-collagen blend films at single cell level. 25996415 1 52 theme key 186:188 arg1 role 190:193 a key role 184:193 a key role 184:193 The interaction between cells and biomaterials plays a key role in cell proliferation and differentiation in tissue engineering. 25996415 12 53 theme chitosan 1680:1687 arg1 mechanism 1667:1675 the mechanism 1663:1675 the mechanism of chitosan and/or collagen based cell-targeting drug carrier 1663:1737 Those methods and quantitative results have guiding significance for investigating the mechanism of chitosan and/or collagen based cell-targeting drug carrier and the preparation of chitosan-collagen composite biomaterials. 25996415 12 53 theme chitosan 1680:1687 arg1 preparation 1747:1757 the preparation 1743:1757 the preparation of chitosan-collagen composite biomaterials 1743:1801 Those methods and quantitative results have guiding significance for investigating the mechanism of chitosan and/or collagen based cell-targeting drug carrier and the preparation of chitosan-collagen composite biomaterials. 25996415 7 54 theme pseudopod 1039:1047 arg1 fusion 1049:1054 pseudopod fusion 1039:1054 pseudopod fusion with the collagen content 1039:1080 AFM observations clearly showed cell height decreased and pseudopod fusion with the collagen content increased. 25996415 4 55 theme force 712:716 arg1 spectroscopy 718:729 atomic force microscopy-single cell force spectroscopy 676:729 a real-time and in situ atomic force microscopy-single cell force spectroscopy (AFM-SCFS) 652:740 Here, the unbinding force between MC3T3-E1 cell and a series of chitosan-collagen films was probed by a real-time and in situ atomic force microscopy-single cell force spectroscopy (AFM-SCFS). 25996415 4 55 theme force 712:716 arg1 AFM-SCFS 732:739 AFM-SCFS 732:739 AFM-SCFS 732:739 Here, the unbinding force between MC3T3-E1 cell and a series of chitosan-collagen films was probed by a real-time and in situ atomic force microscopy-single cell force spectroscopy (AFM-SCFS). 25996415 12 56 theme biomaterials 1790:1801 arg1 mechanism 1667:1675 the mechanism 1663:1675 the mechanism of chitosan and/or collagen based cell-targeting drug carrier 1663:1737 Those methods and quantitative results have guiding significance for investigating the mechanism of chitosan and/or collagen based cell-targeting drug carrier and the preparation of chitosan-collagen composite biomaterials. 25996415 12 56 theme biomaterials 1790:1801 arg1 preparation 1747:1757 the preparation 1743:1757 the preparation of chitosan-collagen composite biomaterials 1743:1801 Those methods and quantitative results have guiding significance for investigating the mechanism of chitosan and/or collagen based cell-targeting drug carrier and the preparation of chitosan-collagen composite biomaterials. 25996415 12 57 theme quantitative 1598:1609 arg1 results 1611:1617 quantitative results 1598:1617 quantitative results 1598:1617 Those methods and quantitative results have guiding significance for investigating the mechanism of chitosan and/or collagen based cell-targeting drug carrier and the preparation of chitosan-collagen composite biomaterials. 25996415 7 58 theme cell 1013:1016 arg1 height 1018:1023 cell height 1013:1023 cell height 1013:1023 AFM observations clearly showed cell height decreased and pseudopod fusion with the collagen content increased. 25996415 4 59 theme atomic 676:681 arg1 spectroscopy 718:729 atomic force microscopy-single cell force spectroscopy 676:729 a real-time and in situ atomic force microscopy-single cell force spectroscopy (AFM-SCFS) 652:740 Here, the unbinding force between MC3T3-E1 cell and a series of chitosan-collagen films was probed by a real-time and in situ atomic force microscopy-single cell force spectroscopy (AFM-SCFS). 25996415 4 59 theme atomic 676:681 arg1 AFM-SCFS 732:739 AFM-SCFS 732:739 AFM-SCFS 732:739 Here, the unbinding force between MC3T3-E1 cell and a series of chitosan-collagen films was probed by a real-time and in situ atomic force microscopy-single cell force spectroscopy (AFM-SCFS). 25996415 11 60 theme various 1542:1548 arg1 substrates 1568:1577 various chitosan-collagen substrates 1542:1577 various chitosan-collagen substrates 1542:1577 The findings indicate that cell morphology, adhesive force and Young's modulus are significant affected by various chitosan-collagen substrates. 25996415 5 61 theme cell 765:768 arg1 morphology 770:779 cell morphology 765:779 cell morphology 765:779 Meanwhile, changes in cell morphology and Young's modulus on different chitosan-collagen films were detected by AFM. 25996415 5 62 from modulus 793:799 arg1 films 832:836 different chitosan-collagen films 804:836 different chitosan-collagen films 804:836 Meanwhile, changes in cell morphology and Young's modulus on different chitosan-collagen films were detected by AFM. 25996415 5 62 from modulus 793:799 arg1 morphology 770:779 cell morphology 765:779 cell morphology 765:779 Meanwhile, changes in cell morphology and Young's modulus on different chitosan-collagen films were detected by AFM. 25996415 4 63 theme microscopy-single 689:705 arg1 spectroscopy 718:729 atomic force microscopy-single cell force spectroscopy 676:729 a real-time and in situ atomic force microscopy-single cell force spectroscopy (AFM-SCFS) 652:740 Here, the unbinding force between MC3T3-E1 cell and a series of chitosan-collagen films was probed by a real-time and in situ atomic force microscopy-single cell force spectroscopy (AFM-SCFS). 25996415 4 63 theme microscopy-single 689:705 arg1 AFM-SCFS 732:739 AFM-SCFS 732:739 AFM-SCFS 732:739 Here, the unbinding force between MC3T3-E1 cell and a series of chitosan-collagen films was probed by a real-time and in situ atomic force microscopy-single cell force spectroscopy (AFM-SCFS). 25996415 9 64 theme cells 1237:1241 arg1 changes 1226:1232 biophysical changes 1214:1232 biophysical changes of cells 1214:1241 On the contrary, cells Young's modulus, which reflected biophysical changes of cells decreased from 11.94±3.19 kPa to 1.81±0.52 kPa, respectively. 25996415 3 65 from difference 408:417 arg1 terms 519:523 terms 519:523 terms of chemical composition 519:547 The objective of this study was to quantitative recapitulate the difference of MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion, morphological and biomechanical properties on chitosan-collagen films in terms of chemical composition. 25996415 7 66 theme AFM 981:983 arg1 observations 985:996 AFM observations 981:996 AFM observations 981:996 AFM observations clearly showed cell height decreased and pseudopod fusion with the collagen content increased. 25996415 12 67 theme chitosan-collagen 1762:1778 arg1 biomaterials 1790:1801 chitosan-collagen composite biomaterials 1762:1801 chitosan-collagen composite biomaterials 1762:1801 Those methods and quantitative results have guiding significance for investigating the mechanism of chitosan and/or collagen based cell-targeting drug carrier and the preparation of chitosan-collagen composite biomaterials. 25996415 12 68 theme drug 1726:1729 arg1 carrier 1731:1737 based cell-targeting drug carrier 1705:1737 based cell-targeting drug carrier 1705:1737 Those methods and quantitative results have guiding significance for investigating the mechanism of chitosan and/or collagen based cell-targeting drug carrier and the preparation of chitosan-collagen composite biomaterials. 25996415 7 69 with fusion 1049:1054 arg1 content 1074:1080 the collagen content 1061:1080 the collagen content 1061:1080 AFM observations clearly showed cell height decreased and pseudopod fusion with the collagen content increased. 25996415 3 70 theme adhesion 436:443 arg1 difference 408:417 the difference 404:417 the difference of MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion, morphological and biomechanical properties on chitosan-collagen films in terms of chemical composition 404:547 The objective of this study was to quantitative recapitulate the difference of MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion, morphological and biomechanical properties on chitosan-collagen films in terms of chemical composition. 25996415 0 71 theme quantitative 2:13 arg1 study 15:19 A quantitative study 0:19 A quantitative study of MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion, morphology and biomechanics on chitosan-collagen blend 0:101 A quantitative study of MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion, morphology and biomechanics on chitosan-collagen blend films at single cell level. 25996415 8 72 theme Cell 1093:1096 arg1 force 1107:1111 Cell adhesive force 1093:1111 Cell adhesive force 1093:1111 Cell adhesive force increased from 0.76±0.17 nN to 1.70±0.19 nN. 25996415 4 73 theme unbinding 560:568 arg1 force 570:574 the unbinding force 556:574 the unbinding force between MC3T3-E1 cell and a series of chitosan-collagen films 556:636 Here, the unbinding force between MC3T3-E1 cell and a series of chitosan-collagen films was probed by a real-time and in situ atomic force microscopy-single cell force spectroscopy (AFM-SCFS). 25996415 10 74 theme cell-substrate 1332:1345 arg1 interactions 1347:1358 stronger cell-substrate interactions 1323:1358 stronger cell-substrate interactions 1323:1358 It suggested that stronger cell-substrate interactions benefit cell adhesion, and better cell flexibility improve cell spreading. 25996415 3 75 theme MC3T3-E1 422:429 arg1 properties 478:487 morphological and biomechanical properties 446:487 morphological and biomechanical properties on chitosan-collagen films 446:514 The objective of this study was to quantitative recapitulate the difference of MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion, morphological and biomechanical properties on chitosan-collagen films in terms of chemical composition. 25996415 3 75 theme MC3T3-E1 422:429 arg1 adhesion 436:443 MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion 422:443 MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion 422:443 The objective of this study was to quantitative recapitulate the difference of MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion, morphological and biomechanical properties on chitosan-collagen films in terms of chemical composition. 25996415 5 76 theme chitosan-collagen 814:830 arg1 films 832:836 different chitosan-collagen films 804:836 different chitosan-collagen films 804:836 Meanwhile, changes in cell morphology and Young's modulus on different chitosan-collagen films were detected by AFM. 25996415 3 77 theme study 365:369 arg1 objective 347:355 The objective 343:355 The objective of this study 343:369 The objective of this study was to quantitative recapitulate the difference of MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion, morphological and biomechanical properties on chitosan-collagen films in terms of chemical composition. 25996415 7 78 dep showed 1006:1011 arg1 decreased 1025:1033 decreased 1025:1033 showed cell height decreased 1006:1033 AFM observations clearly showed cell height decreased and pseudopod fusion with the collagen content increased. 25996415 3 79 theme biomechanical 464:476 arg1 properties 478:487 morphological and biomechanical properties 446:487 morphological and biomechanical properties on chitosan-collagen films 446:514 The objective of this study was to quantitative recapitulate the difference of MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion, morphological and biomechanical properties on chitosan-collagen films in terms of chemical composition. 25996415 3 79 theme biomechanical 464:476 arg1 adhesion 436:443 MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion 422:443 MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion 422:443 The objective of this study was to quantitative recapitulate the difference of MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion, morphological and biomechanical properties on chitosan-collagen films in terms of chemical composition. 25996415 0 80 theme cell 33:36 arg1 adhesion 38:45 MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion 24:45 MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion 24:45 A quantitative study of MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion, morphology and biomechanics on chitosan-collagen blend films at single cell level. 25996415 6 81 theme cell 864:867 arg1 area 869:872 cell area 864:872 cell area 864:872 The cell area and CCK-8 results showed that cell spreading and proliferation increased with increasing collagen content. 25996415 12 82 theme based 1705:1709 arg1 carrier 1731:1737 based cell-targeting drug carrier 1705:1737 based cell-targeting drug carrier 1705:1737 Those methods and quantitative results have guiding significance for investigating the mechanism of chitosan and/or collagen based cell-targeting drug carrier and the preparation of chitosan-collagen composite biomaterials. 25996415 3 83 theme morphological 446:458 arg1 properties 478:487 morphological and biomechanical properties 446:487 morphological and biomechanical properties on chitosan-collagen films 446:514 The objective of this study was to quantitative recapitulate the difference of MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion, morphological and biomechanical properties on chitosan-collagen films in terms of chemical composition. 25996415 3 83 theme morphological 446:458 arg1 adhesion 436:443 MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion 422:443 MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion 422:443 The objective of this study was to quantitative recapitulate the difference of MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion, morphological and biomechanical properties on chitosan-collagen films in terms of chemical composition. 25996415 8 84 theme 1.70±0.19 1144:1152 arg1 nN 1138:1139 nN 1138:1139 nN 1138:1139 Cell adhesive force increased from 0.76±0.17 nN to 1.70±0.19 nN. 25996415 1 85 dep cell 198:201 arg1 differentiation 221:235 differentiation 221:235 differentiation 221:235 The interaction between cells and biomaterials plays a key role in cell proliferation and differentiation in tissue engineering. 25996415 1 85 dep cell 198:201 arg1 proliferation 203:215 proliferation 203:215 proliferation 203:215 The interaction between cells and biomaterials plays a key role in cell proliferation and differentiation in tissue engineering. 25996415 10 86 theme cell 1394:1397 arg1 flexibility 1399:1409 better cell flexibility 1387:1409 better cell flexibility 1387:1409 It suggested that stronger cell-substrate interactions benefit cell adhesion, and better cell flexibility improve cell spreading. 25996415 4 87 theme films 632:636 arg1 cell 593:596 MC3T3-E1 cell 584:596 MC3T3-E1 cell 584:596 Here, the unbinding force between MC3T3-E1 cell and a series of chitosan-collagen films was probed by a real-time and in situ atomic force microscopy-single cell force spectroscopy (AFM-SCFS). 25996415 4 87 theme films 632:636 arg1 series 604:609 a series 602:609 a series of chitosan-collagen films 602:636 Here, the unbinding force between MC3T3-E1 cell and a series of chitosan-collagen films was probed by a real-time and in situ atomic force microscopy-single cell force spectroscopy (AFM-SCFS). 25996415 9 88 theme cells 1175:1179 arg1 modulus 1189:1195 cells Young's modulus 1175:1195 cells Young's modulus 1175:1195 On the contrary, cells Young's modulus, which reflected biophysical changes of cells decreased from 11.94±3.19 kPa to 1.81±0.52 kPa, respectively. 25996415 3 89 theme chemical 528:535 arg1 composition 537:547 chemical composition 528:547 chemical composition 528:547 The objective of this study was to quantitative recapitulate the difference of MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion, morphological and biomechanical properties on chitosan-collagen films in terms of chemical composition. 25554643 4 0 theme agarose 784:790 arg1 electrophoresis 796:810 agarose gel electrophoresis 784:810 agarose gel electrophoresis 784:810 PRG4 and HA concentrations were measured using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and HA MW distribution by agarose gel electrophoresis. 25554643 3 1 theme cruciate 598:605 arg1 ACL 617:619 ACL 617:619 ACL 617:619 METHODS oSF was collected 2, 4, 10, and 20 weeks post anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection in five skeletally mature sheep. 25554643 3 1 theme cruciate 598:605 arg1 ligament 607:614 anterior cruciate ligament 589:614 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection in five skeletally mature sheep 589:664 METHODS oSF was collected 2, 4, 10, and 20 weeks post anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection in five skeletally mature sheep. 25554643 11 2 dep CONCLUSION 1551:1560 arg1 composition 1570:1580 Altered composition 1562:1580 Altered composition 1562:1580 CONCLUSION Altered composition and diminished boundary lubrication of oSF early after ACL transection may pre-dispose the articular cartilage to degenerative changes and initiate osteoarthritis (OA). 25554643 4 3 theme HA 762:763 arg1 distribution 768:779 HA MW distribution 762:779 HA MW distribution 762:779 PRG4 and HA concentrations were measured using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and HA MW distribution by agarose gel electrophoresis. 25554643 7 4 theme P 1104:1104 arg1 0.045 1108:1112 P = 0.045 1104:1112 P = 0.045 1104:1112 RESULTS Early (2-4 weeks) after ACL injury, PRG4 concentrations were significantly higher (P = 0.045, P = 0.037), and HA concentrations were substantially lower (P = 0.005, P = 0.005) compared to 20 weeks. 25554643 3 5 from transection 622:632 arg1 sheep 660:664 five skeletally mature sheep 637:664 five skeletally mature sheep 637:664 METHODS oSF was collected 2, 4, 10, and 20 weeks post anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection in five skeletally mature sheep. 25554643 1 6 theme composition-function 384:403 arg1 relationships 405:417 (4) lubricant composition-function relationships 370:417 (4) lubricant composition-function relationships 370:417 OBJECTIVE To assess ovine synovial fluid (oSF) from different post-injury time points for (1) proteoglycan-4 (PRG4) and hyaluronan (HA) concentration, (2) HA molecular weight (MW) distribution, (3) cartilage boundary lubrication function, and (4) lubricant composition-function relationships. 25554643 1 7 theme different 179:187 arg1 points 206:211 different post-injury time points 179:211 different post-injury time points for (1) proteoglycan-4 (PRG4) and hyaluronan (HA) concentration, (2) HA molecular weight (MW) distribution, (3) cartilage boundary lubrication function, and (4) lubricant composition-function relationships 179:417 OBJECTIVE To assess ovine synovial fluid (oSF) from different post-injury time points for (1) proteoglycan-4 (PRG4) and hyaluronan (HA) concentration, (2) HA molecular weight (MW) distribution, (3) cartilage boundary lubrication function, and (4) lubricant composition-function relationships. 25554643 6 8 theme Gross 907:911 arg1 damage 913:918 Gross damage 907:918 Gross damage to articular cartilage 907:941 Gross damage to articular cartilage was also quantified at 20 weeks using modified Drez scoring protocol. 25554643 11 9 theme ACL 1637:1639 arg1 transection 1641:1651 ACL transection 1637:1651 ACL transection 1637:1651 CONCLUSION Altered composition and diminished boundary lubrication of oSF early after ACL transection may pre-dispose the articular cartilage to degenerative changes and initiate osteoarthritis (OA). 25554643 1 10 theme time 201:204 arg1 points 206:211 different post-injury time points 179:211 different post-injury time points for (1) proteoglycan-4 (PRG4) and hyaluronan (HA) concentration, (2) HA molecular weight (MW) distribution, (3) cartilage boundary lubrication function, and (4) lubricant composition-function relationships 179:417 OBJECTIVE To assess ovine synovial fluid (oSF) from different post-injury time points for (1) proteoglycan-4 (PRG4) and hyaluronan (HA) concentration, (2) HA molecular weight (MW) distribution, (3) cartilage boundary lubrication function, and (4) lubricant composition-function relationships. 25554643 2 11 theme cartilage 485:493 arg1 changes 495:501 gross cartilage changes 479:501 gross cartilage changes 479:501 The association between cartilage boundary lubrication and gross cartilage changes after injury was also examined. 25554643 8 12 theme post-injury 1289:1299 arg1 stage 1301:1305 the early post-injury stage 1279:1305 the early post-injury stage 1279:1305 The HA MW distribution also shifted towards lower ranges in the early post-injury stage. 25554643 6 13 theme scoring 995:1001 arg1 protocol 1003:1010 modified Drez scoring protocol 981:1010 modified Drez scoring protocol 981:1010 Gross damage to articular cartilage was also quantified at 20 weeks using modified Drez scoring protocol. 25554643 12 14 theme earlier 1840:1846 arg1 points 1853:1858 earlier time points 1840:1858 earlier time points post injury 1840:1870 These observations also provide potential motivation for biotherapeutic interventions at earlier time points post injury. 25554643 10 15 theme Poor 1438:1441 arg1 boundary 1453:1460 Poor cartilage boundary 1438:1460 Poor cartilage boundary lubricating ability early after injury 1438:1499 Poor cartilage boundary lubricating ability early after injury was associated with cartilage damage at 20 weeks. 25554643 1 16 theme cartilage 325:333 arg1 function 356:363 (3) cartilage boundary lubrication function 321:363 (3) cartilage boundary lubrication function 321:363 OBJECTIVE To assess ovine synovial fluid (oSF) from different post-injury time points for (1) proteoglycan-4 (PRG4) and hyaluronan (HA) concentration, (2) HA molecular weight (MW) distribution, (3) cartilage boundary lubrication function, and (4) lubricant composition-function relationships. 25554643 3 17 theme METHODS 535:541 arg1 oSF 543:545 METHODS oSF 535:545 METHODS oSF 535:545 METHODS oSF was collected 2, 4, 10, and 20 weeks post anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection in five skeletally mature sheep. 25554643 5 18 theme oSF 847:849 arg1 lubrication 832:842 Cartilage boundary lubrication 813:842 Cartilage boundary lubrication of oSF 813:849 Cartilage boundary lubrication of oSF was assessed using a cartilage-cartilage friction test. 25554643 11 19 theme boundary 1597:1604 arg1 lubrication 1606:1616 diminished boundary lubrication 1586:1616 diminished boundary lubrication 1586:1616 CONCLUSION Altered composition and diminished boundary lubrication of oSF early after ACL transection may pre-dispose the articular cartilage to degenerative changes and initiate osteoarthritis (OA). 25554643 1 20 theme lubrication 344:354 arg1 function 356:363 (3) cartilage boundary lubrication function 321:363 (3) cartilage boundary lubrication function 321:363 OBJECTIVE To assess ovine synovial fluid (oSF) from different post-injury time points for (1) proteoglycan-4 (PRG4) and hyaluronan (HA) concentration, (2) HA molecular weight (MW) distribution, (3) cartilage boundary lubrication function, and (4) lubricant composition-function relationships. 25554643 0 21 theme anterior 65:72 arg1 transection 92:102 anterior cruciate ligament transection 65:102 anterior cruciate ligament transection 65:102 Cartilage boundary lubrication of ovine synovial fluid following anterior cruciate ligament transection: a longitudinal study. 25554643 5 22 theme Cartilage 813:821 arg1 lubrication 832:842 Cartilage boundary lubrication 813:842 Cartilage boundary lubrication of oSF 813:849 Cartilage boundary lubrication of oSF was assessed using a cartilage-cartilage friction test. 25554643 9 23 dep = 1407:1407 arg1 0.049 1409:1413 0.049 1409:1413 0.049 1409:1413 The kinetic friction coefficients were significantly higher 2-4 weeks post injury (P = 0.008 and P = 0.049) compared to 20 weeks. 25554643 11 24 theme early 1625:1629 arg1 oSF 1621:1623 oSF 1621:1623 oSF early after ACL transection 1621:1651 CONCLUSION Altered composition and diminished boundary lubrication of oSF early after ACL transection may pre-dispose the articular cartilage to degenerative changes and initiate osteoarthritis (OA). 25554643 0 25 theme ligament 83:90 arg1 transection 92:102 anterior cruciate ligament transection 65:102 anterior cruciate ligament transection 65:102 Cartilage boundary lubrication of ovine synovial fluid following anterior cruciate ligament transection: a longitudinal study. 25554643 1 26 theme molecular 285:293 arg1 distribution 307:318 (2) HA molecular weight (MW) distribution 278:318 (2) HA molecular weight (MW) distribution 278:318 OBJECTIVE To assess ovine synovial fluid (oSF) from different post-injury time points for (1) proteoglycan-4 (PRG4) and hyaluronan (HA) concentration, (2) HA molecular weight (MW) distribution, (3) cartilage boundary lubrication function, and (4) lubricant composition-function relationships. 25554643 7 27 theme P 1115:1115 arg1 0.037 1119:1123 P = 0.037 1115:1123 P = 0.037 1115:1123 RESULTS Early (2-4 weeks) after ACL injury, PRG4 concentrations were significantly higher (P = 0.045, P = 0.037), and HA concentrations were substantially lower (P = 0.005, P = 0.005) compared to 20 weeks. 25554643 7 28 dep lower 1168:1172 arg1 P 1175:1175 P = 0.005 1175:1183 P = 0.005 1175:1183 RESULTS Early (2-4 weeks) after ACL injury, PRG4 concentrations were significantly higher (P = 0.045, P = 0.037), and HA concentrations were substantially lower (P = 0.005, P = 0.005) compared to 20 weeks. 25554643 2 29 theme boundary 454:461 arg1 lubrication 463:473 cartilage boundary lubrication 444:473 cartilage boundary lubrication 444:473 The association between cartilage boundary lubrication and gross cartilage changes after injury was also examined. 25554643 0 30 theme longitudinal 107:118 arg1 study 120:124 a longitudinal study 105:124 a longitudinal study 105:124 Cartilage boundary lubrication of ovine synovial fluid following anterior cruciate ligament transection: a longitudinal study. 25554643 7 31 dep P 1175:1175 arg1 P 1186:1186 P = 0.005 1186:1194 P = 0.005 1186:1194 RESULTS Early (2-4 weeks) after ACL injury, PRG4 concentrations were significantly higher (P = 0.045, P = 0.037), and HA concentrations were substantially lower (P = 0.005, P = 0.005) compared to 20 weeks. 25554643 8 32 theme HA 1223:1224 arg1 distribution 1229:1240 The HA MW distribution 1219:1240 The HA MW distribution 1219:1240 The HA MW distribution also shifted towards lower ranges in the early post-injury stage. 25554643 0 33 theme Cartilage 0:8 arg1 lubrication 19:29 Cartilage boundary lubrication 0:29 Cartilage boundary lubrication of ovine synovial fluid following anterior cruciate ligament transection 0:102 Cartilage boundary lubrication of ovine synovial fluid following anterior cruciate ligament transection: a longitudinal study. 25554643 1 34 theme hyaluronan 247:256 arg1 concentration 263:275 (1) proteoglycan-4 (PRG4) and hyaluronan (HA) concentration 217:275 (1) proteoglycan-4 (PRG4) and hyaluronan (HA) concentration 217:275 OBJECTIVE To assess ovine synovial fluid (oSF) from different post-injury time points for (1) proteoglycan-4 (PRG4) and hyaluronan (HA) concentration, (2) HA molecular weight (MW) distribution, (3) cartilage boundary lubrication function, and (4) lubricant composition-function relationships. 25554643 4 35 link enzyme-linked 723:735 arg1 assay 751:755 sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 714:755 sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 714:755 PRG4 and HA concentrations were measured using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and HA MW distribution by agarose gel electrophoresis. 25554643 10 36 theme cartilage 1521:1529 arg1 damage 1531:1536 cartilage damage 1521:1536 cartilage damage at 20 weeks 1521:1548 Poor cartilage boundary lubricating ability early after injury was associated with cartilage damage at 20 weeks. 25554643 5 37 theme friction 892:899 arg1 test 901:904 a cartilage-cartilage friction test 870:904 a cartilage-cartilage friction test 870:904 Cartilage boundary lubrication of oSF was assessed using a cartilage-cartilage friction test. 25554643 6 38 theme modified 981:988 arg1 protocol 1003:1010 modified Drez scoring protocol 981:1010 modified Drez scoring protocol 981:1010 Gross damage to articular cartilage was also quantified at 20 weeks using modified Drez scoring protocol. 25554643 4 39 theme immunosorbent 737:749 arg1 assay 751:755 sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 714:755 sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 714:755 PRG4 and HA concentrations were measured using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and HA MW distribution by agarose gel electrophoresis. 25554643 0 40 theme ovine 34:38 arg1 fluid 49:53 ovine synovial fluid 34:53 ovine synovial fluid 34:53 Cartilage boundary lubrication of ovine synovial fluid following anterior cruciate ligament transection: a longitudinal study. 25554643 12 41 from points 1853:1858 arg1 interventions 1823:1835 biotherapeutic interventions 1808:1835 biotherapeutic interventions at earlier time points post injury 1808:1870 These observations also provide potential motivation for biotherapeutic interventions at earlier time points post injury. 25554643 1 42 dep distribution 307:318 arg1 2 279:279 2 279:279 2 279:279 OBJECTIVE To assess ovine synovial fluid (oSF) from different post-injury time points for (1) proteoglycan-4 (PRG4) and hyaluronan (HA) concentration, (2) HA molecular weight (MW) distribution, (3) cartilage boundary lubrication function, and (4) lubricant composition-function relationships. 25554643 8 43 theme lower 1263:1267 arg1 ranges 1269:1274 lower ranges 1263:1274 lower ranges in the early post-injury stage 1263:1305 The HA MW distribution also shifted towards lower ranges in the early post-injury stage. 25554643 0 44 theme fluid 49:53 arg1 lubrication 19:29 Cartilage boundary lubrication 0:29 Cartilage boundary lubrication of ovine synovial fluid following anterior cruciate ligament transection 0:102 Cartilage boundary lubrication of ovine synovial fluid following anterior cruciate ligament transection: a longitudinal study. 25554643 3 45 theme anterior 589:596 arg1 ACL 617:619 ACL 617:619 ACL 617:619 METHODS oSF was collected 2, 4, 10, and 20 weeks post anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection in five skeletally mature sheep. 25554643 3 45 theme anterior 589:596 arg1 ligament 607:614 anterior cruciate ligament 589:614 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection in five skeletally mature sheep 589:664 METHODS oSF was collected 2, 4, 10, and 20 weeks post anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection in five skeletally mature sheep. 25554643 11 46 theme degenerative 1696:1707 arg1 changes 1709:1715 degenerative changes 1696:1715 degenerative changes 1696:1715 CONCLUSION Altered composition and diminished boundary lubrication of oSF early after ACL transection may pre-dispose the articular cartilage to degenerative changes and initiate osteoarthritis (OA). 25554643 1 47 theme synovial 153:160 arg1 fluid 162:166 ovine synovial fluid 147:166 ovine synovial fluid 147:166 OBJECTIVE To assess ovine synovial fluid (oSF) from different post-injury time points for (1) proteoglycan-4 (PRG4) and hyaluronan (HA) concentration, (2) HA molecular weight (MW) distribution, (3) cartilage boundary lubrication function, and (4) lubricant composition-function relationships. 25554643 8 48 theme early 1283:1287 arg1 stage 1301:1305 the early post-injury stage 1279:1305 the early post-injury stage 1279:1305 The HA MW distribution also shifted towards lower ranges in the early post-injury stage. 25554643 7 49 theme ACL 1045:1047 arg1 injury 1049:1054 ACL injury 1045:1054 ACL injury 1045:1054 RESULTS Early (2-4 weeks) after ACL injury, PRG4 concentrations were significantly higher (P = 0.045, P = 0.037), and HA concentrations were substantially lower (P = 0.005, P = 0.005) compared to 20 weeks. 25554643 7 50 theme HA 1131:1132 arg1 concentrations 1134:1147 HA concentrations 1131:1147 HA concentrations 1131:1147 RESULTS Early (2-4 weeks) after ACL injury, PRG4 concentrations were significantly higher (P = 0.045, P = 0.037), and HA concentrations were substantially lower (P = 0.005, P = 0.005) compared to 20 weeks. 25554643 1 51 dep function 356:363 arg1 3 322:322 3 322:322 3 322:322 OBJECTIVE To assess ovine synovial fluid (oSF) from different post-injury time points for (1) proteoglycan-4 (PRG4) and hyaluronan (HA) concentration, (2) HA molecular weight (MW) distribution, (3) cartilage boundary lubrication function, and (4) lubricant composition-function relationships. 25554643 3 52 theme ligament 607:614 arg1 transection 622:632 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection 589:632 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection in five skeletally mature sheep 589:664 METHODS oSF was collected 2, 4, 10, and 20 weeks post anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection in five skeletally mature sheep. 25554643 4 53 theme gel 792:794 arg1 electrophoresis 796:810 agarose gel electrophoresis 784:810 agarose gel electrophoresis 784:810 PRG4 and HA concentrations were measured using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and HA MW distribution by agarose gel electrophoresis. 25554643 10 54 from weeks 1544:1548 arg1 damage 1531:1536 cartilage damage 1521:1536 cartilage damage at 20 weeks 1521:1548 Poor cartilage boundary lubricating ability early after injury was associated with cartilage damage at 20 weeks. 25554643 7 55 theme PRG4 1057:1060 arg1 concentrations 1062:1075 PRG4 concentrations 1057:1075 PRG4 concentrations 1057:1075 RESULTS Early (2-4 weeks) after ACL injury, PRG4 concentrations were significantly higher (P = 0.045, P = 0.037), and HA concentrations were substantially lower (P = 0.005, P = 0.005) compared to 20 weeks. 25554643 1 56 theme lubricant 374:382 arg1 relationships 405:417 (4) lubricant composition-function relationships 370:417 (4) lubricant composition-function relationships 370:417 OBJECTIVE To assess ovine synovial fluid (oSF) from different post-injury time points for (1) proteoglycan-4 (PRG4) and hyaluronan (HA) concentration, (2) HA molecular weight (MW) distribution, (3) cartilage boundary lubrication function, and (4) lubricant composition-function relationships. 25554643 12 57 theme time 1848:1851 arg1 points 1853:1858 earlier time points 1840:1858 earlier time points post injury 1840:1870 These observations also provide potential motivation for biotherapeutic interventions at earlier time points post injury. 25554643 4 58 theme MW 765:766 arg1 distribution 768:779 HA MW distribution 762:779 HA MW distribution 762:779 PRG4 and HA concentrations were measured using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and HA MW distribution by agarose gel electrophoresis. 25554643 1 59 theme post-injury 189:199 arg1 points 206:211 different post-injury time points 179:211 different post-injury time points for (1) proteoglycan-4 (PRG4) and hyaluronan (HA) concentration, (2) HA molecular weight (MW) distribution, (3) cartilage boundary lubrication function, and (4) lubricant composition-function relationships 179:417 OBJECTIVE To assess ovine synovial fluid (oSF) from different post-injury time points for (1) proteoglycan-4 (PRG4) and hyaluronan (HA) concentration, (2) HA molecular weight (MW) distribution, (3) cartilage boundary lubrication function, and (4) lubricant composition-function relationships. 25554643 7 60 dep Early 1021:1025 arg1 weeks 1032:1036 2-4 weeks 1028:1036 2-4 weeks 1028:1036 RESULTS Early (2-4 weeks) after ACL injury, PRG4 concentrations were significantly higher (P = 0.045, P = 0.037), and HA concentrations were substantially lower (P = 0.005, P = 0.005) compared to 20 weeks. 25554643 3 61 theme mature 653:658 arg1 sheep 660:664 five skeletally mature sheep 637:664 five skeletally mature sheep 637:664 METHODS oSF was collected 2, 4, 10, and 20 weeks post anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection in five skeletally mature sheep. 25554643 8 62 from ranges 1269:1274 arg1 stage 1301:1305 the early post-injury stage 1279:1305 the early post-injury stage 1279:1305 The HA MW distribution also shifted towards lower ranges in the early post-injury stage. 25554643 12 63 theme biotherapeutic 1808:1821 arg1 interventions 1823:1835 biotherapeutic interventions 1808:1835 biotherapeutic interventions at earlier time points post injury 1808:1870 These observations also provide potential motivation for biotherapeutic interventions at earlier time points post injury. 25554643 2 64 theme gross 479:483 arg1 changes 495:501 gross cartilage changes 479:501 gross cartilage changes 479:501 The association between cartilage boundary lubrication and gross cartilage changes after injury was also examined. 25554643 10 65 theme cartilage 1443:1451 arg1 boundary 1453:1460 Poor cartilage boundary 1438:1460 Poor cartilage boundary lubricating ability early after injury 1438:1499 Poor cartilage boundary lubricating ability early after injury was associated with cartilage damage at 20 weeks. 25554643 11 66 theme articular 1673:1681 arg1 cartilage 1683:1691 the articular cartilage 1669:1691 the articular cartilage to degenerative changes 1669:1715 CONCLUSION Altered composition and diminished boundary lubrication of oSF early after ACL transection may pre-dispose the articular cartilage to degenerative changes and initiate osteoarthritis (OA). 25554643 1 67 theme boundary 335:342 arg1 function 356:363 (3) cartilage boundary lubrication function 321:363 (3) cartilage boundary lubrication function 321:363 OBJECTIVE To assess ovine synovial fluid (oSF) from different post-injury time points for (1) proteoglycan-4 (PRG4) and hyaluronan (HA) concentration, (2) HA molecular weight (MW) distribution, (3) cartilage boundary lubrication function, and (4) lubricant composition-function relationships. 25554643 0 68 theme cruciate 74:81 arg1 transection 92:102 anterior cruciate ligament transection 65:102 anterior cruciate ligament transection 65:102 Cartilage boundary lubrication of ovine synovial fluid following anterior cruciate ligament transection: a longitudinal study. 25554643 9 69 theme kinetic 1312:1318 arg1 coefficients 1329:1340 The kinetic friction coefficients 1308:1340 The kinetic friction coefficients 1308:1340 The kinetic friction coefficients were significantly higher 2-4 weeks post injury (P = 0.008 and P = 0.049) compared to 20 weeks. 25554643 9 69 theme kinetic 1312:1318 arg1 higher 1361:1366 higher 1361:1366 higher 1361:1366 The kinetic friction coefficients were significantly higher 2-4 weeks post injury (P = 0.008 and P = 0.049) compared to 20 weeks. 25554643 1 70 theme ovine 147:151 arg1 fluid 162:166 ovine synovial fluid 147:166 ovine synovial fluid 147:166 OBJECTIVE To assess ovine synovial fluid (oSF) from different post-injury time points for (1) proteoglycan-4 (PRG4) and hyaluronan (HA) concentration, (2) HA molecular weight (MW) distribution, (3) cartilage boundary lubrication function, and (4) lubricant composition-function relationships. 25554643 11 71 theme diminished 1586:1595 arg1 lubrication 1606:1616 diminished boundary lubrication 1586:1616 diminished boundary lubrication 1586:1616 CONCLUSION Altered composition and diminished boundary lubrication of oSF early after ACL transection may pre-dispose the articular cartilage to degenerative changes and initiate osteoarthritis (OA). 25554643 7 72 theme = 1117:1117 arg1 0.037 1119:1123 P = 0.037 1115:1123 P = 0.037 1115:1123 RESULTS Early (2-4 weeks) after ACL injury, PRG4 concentrations were significantly higher (P = 0.045, P = 0.037), and HA concentrations were substantially lower (P = 0.005, P = 0.005) compared to 20 weeks. 25554643 1 73 theme HA 282:283 arg1 distribution 307:318 (2) HA molecular weight (MW) distribution 278:318 (2) HA molecular weight (MW) distribution 278:318 OBJECTIVE To assess ovine synovial fluid (oSF) from different post-injury time points for (1) proteoglycan-4 (PRG4) and hyaluronan (HA) concentration, (2) HA molecular weight (MW) distribution, (3) cartilage boundary lubrication function, and (4) lubricant composition-function relationships. 25554643 12 74 theme potential 1783:1791 arg1 motivation 1793:1802 potential motivation 1783:1802 potential motivation for biotherapeutic interventions at earlier time points post injury 1783:1870 These observations also provide potential motivation for biotherapeutic interventions at earlier time points post injury. 25554643 5 75 theme boundary 823:830 arg1 lubrication 832:842 Cartilage boundary lubrication 813:842 Cartilage boundary lubrication of oSF 813:849 Cartilage boundary lubrication of oSF was assessed using a cartilage-cartilage friction test. 25554643 1 76 dep relationships 405:417 arg1 4 371:371 4 371:371 4 371:371 OBJECTIVE To assess ovine synovial fluid (oSF) from different post-injury time points for (1) proteoglycan-4 (PRG4) and hyaluronan (HA) concentration, (2) HA molecular weight (MW) distribution, (3) cartilage boundary lubrication function, and (4) lubricant composition-function relationships. 25554643 7 77 dep higher 1096:1101 arg1 Early 1021:1025 Early 1021:1025 Early 1021:1025 RESULTS Early (2-4 weeks) after ACL injury, PRG4 concentrations were significantly higher (P = 0.045, P = 0.037), and HA concentrations were substantially lower (P = 0.005, P = 0.005) compared to 20 weeks. 25554643 7 77 dep higher 1096:1101 arg1 0.045 1108:1112 P = 0.045 1104:1112 P = 0.045 1104:1112 RESULTS Early (2-4 weeks) after ACL injury, PRG4 concentrations were significantly higher (P = 0.045, P = 0.037), and HA concentrations were substantially lower (P = 0.005, P = 0.005) compared to 20 weeks. 25554643 7 77 dep higher 1096:1101 arg1 RESULTS 1013:1019 RESULTS 1013:1019 RESULTS 1013:1019 RESULTS Early (2-4 weeks) after ACL injury, PRG4 concentrations were significantly higher (P = 0.045, P = 0.037), and HA concentrations were substantially lower (P = 0.005, P = 0.005) compared to 20 weeks. 25554643 1 78 theme weight 295:300 arg1 distribution 307:318 (2) HA molecular weight (MW) distribution 278:318 (2) HA molecular weight (MW) distribution 278:318 OBJECTIVE To assess ovine synovial fluid (oSF) from different post-injury time points for (1) proteoglycan-4 (PRG4) and hyaluronan (HA) concentration, (2) HA molecular weight (MW) distribution, (3) cartilage boundary lubrication function, and (4) lubricant composition-function relationships. 25554643 0 79 dep study 120:124 arg1 lubrication 19:29 Cartilage boundary lubrication 0:29 Cartilage boundary lubrication of ovine synovial fluid following anterior cruciate ligament transection 0:102 Cartilage boundary lubrication of ovine synovial fluid following anterior cruciate ligament transection: a longitudinal study. 25554643 6 80 theme articular 923:931 arg1 cartilage 933:941 articular cartilage 923:941 articular cartilage 923:941 Gross damage to articular cartilage was also quantified at 20 weeks using modified Drez scoring protocol. 25554643 4 81 theme PRG4 667:670 arg1 concentrations 679:692 PRG4 and HA concentrations 667:692 PRG4 and HA concentrations 667:692 PRG4 and HA concentrations were measured using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and HA MW distribution by agarose gel electrophoresis. 25554643 1 82 dep assess 140:145 arg1 oSF 169:171 oSF 169:171 oSF 169:171 OBJECTIVE To assess ovine synovial fluid (oSF) from different post-injury time points for (1) proteoglycan-4 (PRG4) and hyaluronan (HA) concentration, (2) HA molecular weight (MW) distribution, (3) cartilage boundary lubrication function, and (4) lubricant composition-function relationships. 25554643 11 83 theme oSF 1621:1623 arg1 CONCLUSION 1551:1560 CONCLUSION Altered composition and diminished boundary lubrication 1551:1616 CONCLUSION 1551:1560 CONCLUSION Altered composition and diminished boundary lubrication of oSF early after ACL transection may pre-dispose the articular cartilage to degenerative changes and initiate osteoarthritis (OA). 25554643 11 83 theme oSF 1621:1623 arg1 lubrication 1606:1616 diminished boundary lubrication 1586:1616 diminished boundary lubrication 1586:1616 CONCLUSION Altered composition and diminished boundary lubrication of oSF early after ACL transection may pre-dispose the articular cartilage to degenerative changes and initiate osteoarthritis (OA). 25554643 7 84 theme = 1106:1106 arg1 0.045 1108:1112 P = 0.045 1104:1112 P = 0.045 1104:1112 RESULTS Early (2-4 weeks) after ACL injury, PRG4 concentrations were significantly higher (P = 0.045, P = 0.037), and HA concentrations were substantially lower (P = 0.005, P = 0.005) compared to 20 weeks. 25554643 1 85 theme MW 303:304 arg1 distribution 307:318 (2) HA molecular weight (MW) distribution 278:318 (2) HA molecular weight (MW) distribution 278:318 OBJECTIVE To assess ovine synovial fluid (oSF) from different post-injury time points for (1) proteoglycan-4 (PRG4) and hyaluronan (HA) concentration, (2) HA molecular weight (MW) distribution, (3) cartilage boundary lubrication function, and (4) lubricant composition-function relationships. 25554643 9 86 theme friction 1320:1327 arg1 coefficients 1329:1340 The kinetic friction coefficients 1308:1340 The kinetic friction coefficients 1308:1340 The kinetic friction coefficients were significantly higher 2-4 weeks post injury (P = 0.008 and P = 0.049) compared to 20 weeks. 25554643 9 86 theme friction 1320:1327 arg1 higher 1361:1366 higher 1361:1366 higher 1361:1366 The kinetic friction coefficients were significantly higher 2-4 weeks post injury (P = 0.008 and P = 0.049) compared to 20 weeks. 25554643 2 87 theme cartilage 444:452 arg1 lubrication 463:473 cartilage boundary lubrication 444:473 cartilage boundary lubrication 444:473 The association between cartilage boundary lubrication and gross cartilage changes after injury was also examined. 25554643 9 88 dep higher 1361:1366 arg1 = 1393:1393 = 1393:1393 = 1393:1393 The kinetic friction coefficients were significantly higher 2-4 weeks post injury (P = 0.008 and P = 0.049) compared to 20 weeks. 25554643 9 88 dep higher 1361:1366 arg1 weeks 1372:1376 2-4 weeks 1368:1376 2-4 weeks post injury 1368:1388 The kinetic friction coefficients were significantly higher 2-4 weeks post injury (P = 0.008 and P = 0.049) compared to 20 weeks. 25554643 0 89 theme boundary 10:17 arg1 lubrication 19:29 Cartilage boundary lubrication 0:29 Cartilage boundary lubrication of ovine synovial fluid following anterior cruciate ligament transection 0:102 Cartilage boundary lubrication of ovine synovial fluid following anterior cruciate ligament transection: a longitudinal study. 25554643 9 90 theme = 1407:1407 arg1 P 1405:1405 P 1405:1405 P = 0.049 1405:1413 The kinetic friction coefficients were significantly higher 2-4 weeks post injury (P = 0.008 and P = 0.049) compared to 20 weeks. 25554643 7 91 theme = 1188:1188 arg1 P 1186:1186 P = 0.005 1186:1194 P = 0.005 1186:1194 RESULTS Early (2-4 weeks) after ACL injury, PRG4 concentrations were significantly higher (P = 0.045, P = 0.037), and HA concentrations were substantially lower (P = 0.005, P = 0.005) compared to 20 weeks. 25554643 1 92 dep proteoglycan-4 221:234 arg1 1 218:218 1 218:218 1 218:218 OBJECTIVE To assess ovine synovial fluid (oSF) from different post-injury time points for (1) proteoglycan-4 (PRG4) and hyaluronan (HA) concentration, (2) HA molecular weight (MW) distribution, (3) cartilage boundary lubrication function, and (4) lubricant composition-function relationships. 25554643 4 93 theme sandwich 714:721 arg1 assay 751:755 sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 714:755 sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 714:755 PRG4 and HA concentrations were measured using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and HA MW distribution by agarose gel electrophoresis. 25554643 5 94 theme cartilage-cartilage 872:890 arg1 test 901:904 a cartilage-cartilage friction test 870:904 a cartilage-cartilage friction test 870:904 Cartilage boundary lubrication of oSF was assessed using a cartilage-cartilage friction test. 25554643 6 95 theme Drez 990:993 arg1 protocol 1003:1010 modified Drez scoring protocol 981:1010 modified Drez scoring protocol 981:1010 Gross damage to articular cartilage was also quantified at 20 weeks using modified Drez scoring protocol. 25554643 8 96 theme MW 1226:1227 arg1 distribution 1229:1240 The HA MW distribution 1219:1240 The HA MW distribution 1219:1240 The HA MW distribution also shifted towards lower ranges in the early post-injury stage. 25554643 0 97 theme synovial 40:47 arg1 fluid 49:53 ovine synovial fluid 34:53 ovine synovial fluid 34:53 Cartilage boundary lubrication of ovine synovial fluid following anterior cruciate ligament transection: a longitudinal study. 25554643 7 98 theme = 1177:1177 arg1 P 1175:1175 P = 0.005 1175:1183 P = 0.005 1175:1183 RESULTS Early (2-4 weeks) after ACL injury, PRG4 concentrations were significantly higher (P = 0.045, P = 0.037), and HA concentrations were substantially lower (P = 0.005, P = 0.005) compared to 20 weeks. 25554643 4 99 theme enzyme-linked 723:735 arg1 assay 751:755 sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 714:755 sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 714:755 PRG4 and HA concentrations were measured using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and HA MW distribution by agarose gel electrophoresis. 25554643 7 100 dep 0.045 1108:1112 arg1 0.037 1119:1123 P = 0.037 1115:1123 P = 0.037 1115:1123 RESULTS Early (2-4 weeks) after ACL injury, PRG4 concentrations were significantly higher (P = 0.045, P = 0.037), and HA concentrations were substantially lower (P = 0.005, P = 0.005) compared to 20 weeks. 25554643 11 101 theme Altered 1562:1568 arg1 composition 1570:1580 Altered composition 1562:1580 Altered composition 1562:1580 CONCLUSION Altered composition and diminished boundary lubrication of oSF early after ACL transection may pre-dispose the articular cartilage to degenerative changes and initiate osteoarthritis (OA). 25554643 4 102 theme HA 676:677 arg1 concentrations 679:692 PRG4 and HA concentrations 667:692 PRG4 and HA concentrations 667:692 PRG4 and HA concentrations were measured using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and HA MW distribution by agarose gel electrophoresis. 25554643 1 103 theme proteoglycan-4 221:234 arg1 concentration 263:275 (1) proteoglycan-4 (PRG4) and hyaluronan (HA) concentration 217:275 (1) proteoglycan-4 (PRG4) and hyaluronan (HA) concentration 217:275 OBJECTIVE To assess ovine synovial fluid (oSF) from different post-injury time points for (1) proteoglycan-4 (PRG4) and hyaluronan (HA) concentration, (2) HA molecular weight (MW) distribution, (3) cartilage boundary lubrication function, and (4) lubricant composition-function relationships. 28836753 3 0 theme hemostatic 716:725 arg1 gauze 654:658 Celox Rapid gauze 642:658 Celox Rapid gauze (CXR) 642:664 Here, a series of 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) were constructed by the lyophilization process and the effect of various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) on the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold was assessed as compared to that of Celox Rapid gauze (CXR), a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze. 28836753 3 0 theme hemostatic 716:725 arg1 gauze 727:731 a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze 667:731 a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze 667:731 Here, a series of 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) were constructed by the lyophilization process and the effect of various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) on the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold was assessed as compared to that of Celox Rapid gauze (CXR), a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze. 28836753 9 1 theme dermal 1654:1659 arg1 cells 1672:1676 human dermal fibroblast cells 1648:1676 human dermal fibroblast cells 1648:1676 The cell viability results also demonstrated that Ga-MBG/CHT composite scaffolds had good biocompatibility, which facilitates the spreading and proliferation of human dermal fibroblast cells even with 50 wt % Ga-MBG loading. 28836753 3 2 theme available 690:698 arg1 gauze 654:658 Celox Rapid gauze 642:658 Celox Rapid gauze (CXR) 642:664 Here, a series of 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) were constructed by the lyophilization process and the effect of various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) on the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold was assessed as compared to that of Celox Rapid gauze (CXR), a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze. 28836753 3 2 theme available 690:698 arg1 gauze 727:731 a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze 667:731 a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze 667:731 Here, a series of 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) were constructed by the lyophilization process and the effect of various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) on the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold was assessed as compared to that of Celox Rapid gauze (CXR), a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze. 28836753 2 3 theme hemostatic 309:318 arg1 efficiency 320:329 the desired hemostatic efficiency 297:329 the desired hemostatic efficiency 297:329 However, they have some disadvantages and require further improvement to achieve the desired hemostatic efficiency. 28836753 9 4 theme cells 1672:1676 arg1 proliferation 1631:1643 proliferation 1631:1643 proliferation 1631:1643 The cell viability results also demonstrated that Ga-MBG/CHT composite scaffolds had good biocompatibility, which facilitates the spreading and proliferation of human dermal fibroblast cells even with 50 wt % Ga-MBG loading. 28836753 9 4 theme cells 1672:1676 arg1 spreading 1617:1625 spreading 1617:1625 spreading 1617:1625 The cell viability results also demonstrated that Ga-MBG/CHT composite scaffolds had good biocompatibility, which facilitates the spreading and proliferation of human dermal fibroblast cells even with 50 wt % Ga-MBG loading. 28836753 6 5 theme platelet 1141:1148 arg1 adhesion 1150:1157 platelet adhesion 1141:1157 platelet adhesion 1141:1157 Furthermore, the composite scaffold with the highest Ga-MBG content (50 wt %) had increased capability to enhancing thrombus generation, blood clotting, and platelet adhesion and aggregation than that of the scaffold made of pure CHT. 28836753 9 6 dep had 1568:1570 arg1 facilitates 1601:1611 facilitates 1601:1611 facilitates the spreading and proliferation of human dermal fibroblast cells even with 50 wt % Ga-MBG loading 1601:1709 The cell viability results also demonstrated that Ga-MBG/CHT composite scaffolds had good biocompatibility, which facilitates the spreading and proliferation of human dermal fibroblast cells even with 50 wt % Ga-MBG loading. 28836753 5 7 theme studies 867:873 arg1 results 844:850 The results 840:850 The results of coagulation studies 840:873 The results of coagulation studies showed that pure CHT and composite scaffolds exhibited increased hemostatic performance with respect to CXR. 28836753 10 8 theme promising 1771:1779 arg1 candidate 1792:1800 a promising hemostatic candidate 1769:1800 a promising hemostatic candidate for improving hemostasis in critical situations 1769:1848 These results suggest that Ga-MBG/CHT scaffolds could be a promising hemostatic candidate for improving hemostasis in critical situations. 28836753 10 8 theme promising 1771:1779 arg1 scaffolds 1750:1758 Ga-MBG/CHT scaffolds 1739:1758 Ga-MBG/CHT scaffolds 1739:1758 These results suggest that Ga-MBG/CHT scaffolds could be a promising hemostatic candidate for improving hemostasis in critical situations. 28836753 9 9 theme Ga-MBG/CHT 1537:1546 arg1 scaffolds 1558:1566 Ga-MBG/CHT composite scaffolds 1537:1566 Ga-MBG/CHT composite scaffolds 1537:1566 The cell viability results also demonstrated that Ga-MBG/CHT composite scaffolds had good biocompatibility, which facilitates the spreading and proliferation of human dermal fibroblast cells even with 50 wt % Ga-MBG loading. 28836753 3 10 theme hemostatic 566:575 arg1 function 577:584 the hemostatic function 562:584 the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold 562:604 Here, a series of 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) were constructed by the lyophilization process and the effect of various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) on the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold was assessed as compared to that of Celox Rapid gauze (CXR), a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze. 28836753 2 11 contain have 230:233 arg2 disadvantages 240:252 some disadvantages 235:252 some disadvantages 235:252 However, they have some disadvantages and require further improvement to achieve the desired hemostatic efficiency. 28836753 2 11 contain have 230:233 arg1 they 225:228 they 225:228 they 225:228 However, they have some disadvantages and require further improvement to achieve the desired hemostatic efficiency. 28836753 9 12 theme wt 1691:1692 arg1 Ga-MBG 1696:1701 50 wt % Ga-MBG 1688:1701 50 wt % Ga-MBG loading 1688:1709 The cell viability results also demonstrated that Ga-MBG/CHT composite scaffolds had good biocompatibility, which facilitates the spreading and proliferation of human dermal fibroblast cells even with 50 wt % Ga-MBG loading. 28836753 2 13 theme further 266:272 arg1 improvement 274:284 further improvement 266:284 further improvement to achieve the desired hemostatic efficiency 266:329 However, they have some disadvantages and require further improvement to achieve the desired hemostatic efficiency. 28836753 9 14 theme Ga-MBG 1696:1701 arg1 loading 1703:1709 50 wt % Ga-MBG loading 1688:1709 50 wt % Ga-MBG loading 1688:1709 The cell viability results also demonstrated that Ga-MBG/CHT composite scaffolds had good biocompatibility, which facilitates the spreading and proliferation of human dermal fibroblast cells even with 50 wt % Ga-MBG loading. 28836753 8 15 theme % 1428:1428 arg1 Ga-MBG/CHT 1430:1439 50% Ga-MBG/CHT 1426:1439 50% Ga-MBG/CHT 1426:1439 Our results show that the antibacterial effect of 50% Ga-MBG/CHT was more pronounced than that of CHT and CXR. 28836753 7 16 theme Blue 1350:1353 arg1 assay 1355:1359 an Alamar Blue assay 1340:1359 an Alamar Blue assay 1340:1359 The antibacterial efficacy and biocompatibility of the prepared scaffolds were also assessed by a time-killing assay and an Alamar Blue assay, respectively. 28836753 3 17 theme CHT 593:595 arg1 scaffold 597:604 the CHT scaffold 589:604 the CHT scaffold 589:604 Here, a series of 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) were constructed by the lyophilization process and the effect of various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) on the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold was assessed as compared to that of Celox Rapid gauze (CXR), a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze. 28836753 5 18 theme composite 900:908 arg1 scaffolds 910:918 pure CHT and composite scaffolds 887:918 pure CHT and composite scaffolds 887:918 The results of coagulation studies showed that pure CHT and composite scaffolds exhibited increased hemostatic performance with respect to CXR. 28836753 10 19 theme critical 1830:1837 arg1 situations 1839:1848 critical situations 1830:1848 critical situations 1830:1848 These results suggest that Ga-MBG/CHT scaffolds could be a promising hemostatic candidate for improving hemostasis in critical situations. 28836753 9 20 dep viability 1496:1504 arg1 results 1506:1512 results 1506:1512 The cell viability results 1487:1512 The cell viability results also demonstrated that Ga-MBG/CHT composite scaffolds had good biocompatibility, which facilitates the spreading and proliferation of human dermal fibroblast cells even with 50 wt % Ga-MBG loading. 28836753 1 21 theme promising 161:169 arg1 hemostats 147:155 Chitosan-based hemostats 132:155 Chitosan-based hemostats 132:155 Chitosan-based hemostats are promising candidates for immediate hemorrhage control. 28836753 1 21 theme promising 161:169 arg1 candidates 171:180 promising candidates 161:180 promising candidates for immediate hemorrhage control 161:213 Chitosan-based hemostats are promising candidates for immediate hemorrhage control. 28836753 3 22 theme Ga2O3-containing 353:368 arg1 Ga-MBG/CHT 427:436 Ga-MBG/CHT 427:436 Ga-MBG/CHT 427:436 Here, a series of 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) were constructed by the lyophilization process and the effect of various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) on the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold was assessed as compared to that of Celox Rapid gauze (CXR), a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze. 28836753 3 22 theme Ga2O3-containing 353:368 arg1 scaffolds 416:424 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds 350:424 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) 350:437 Here, a series of 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) were constructed by the lyophilization process and the effect of various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) on the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold was assessed as compared to that of Celox Rapid gauze (CXR), a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze. 28836753 0 23 theme Bioactive 66:74 arg1 Scaffold 101:108 a Novel Gallium-Containing Mesoporous Bioactive Glass/Chitosan Composite Scaffold 28:108 a Novel Gallium-Containing Mesoporous Bioactive Glass/Chitosan Composite Scaffold 28:108 Potency and Cytotoxicity of a Novel Gallium-Containing Mesoporous Bioactive Glass/Chitosan Composite Scaffold as Hemostatic Agents. 28836753 3 24 theme 1 350:350 arg1 % 351:351 % 351:351 % 351:351 Here, a series of 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) were constructed by the lyophilization process and the effect of various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) on the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold was assessed as compared to that of Celox Rapid gauze (CXR), a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze. 28836753 0 25 theme Composite 91:99 arg1 Scaffold 101:108 a Novel Gallium-Containing Mesoporous Bioactive Glass/Chitosan Composite Scaffold 28:108 a Novel Gallium-Containing Mesoporous Bioactive Glass/Chitosan Composite Scaffold 28:108 Potency and Cytotoxicity of a Novel Gallium-Containing Mesoporous Bioactive Glass/Chitosan Composite Scaffold as Hemostatic Agents. 28836753 5 26 theme CHT 892:894 arg1 scaffolds 910:918 pure CHT and composite scaffolds 887:918 pure CHT and composite scaffolds 887:918 The results of coagulation studies showed that pure CHT and composite scaffolds exhibited increased hemostatic performance with respect to CXR. 28836753 3 27 theme composite 406:414 arg1 Ga-MBG/CHT 427:436 Ga-MBG/CHT 427:436 Ga-MBG/CHT 427:436 Here, a series of 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) were constructed by the lyophilization process and the effect of various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) on the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold was assessed as compared to that of Celox Rapid gauze (CXR), a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze. 28836753 3 27 theme composite 406:414 arg1 scaffolds 416:424 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds 350:424 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) 350:437 Here, a series of 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) were constructed by the lyophilization process and the effect of various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) on the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold was assessed as compared to that of Celox Rapid gauze (CXR), a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze. 28836753 6 28 contain had 1062:1064 arg2 capability 1076:1085 increased capability 1066:1085 increased capability to enhancing thrombus generation, blood clotting, and platelet adhesion and aggregation 1066:1173 Furthermore, the composite scaffold with the highest Ga-MBG content (50 wt %) had increased capability to enhancing thrombus generation, blood clotting, and platelet adhesion and aggregation than that of the scaffold made of pure CHT. 28836753 6 28 contain had 1062:1064 arg1 scaffold 1011:1018 the composite scaffold 997:1018 the composite scaffold with the highest Ga-MBG content (50 wt %) 997:1060 Furthermore, the composite scaffold with the highest Ga-MBG content (50 wt %) had increased capability to enhancing thrombus generation, blood clotting, and platelet adhesion and aggregation than that of the scaffold made of pure CHT. 28836753 4 29 theme >79 767:769 arg1 % 770:770 % 770:770 % 770:770 The prepared scaffolds exhibited >79% porosity and showed increased water uptake compared to that in CXR. 28836753 3 30 theme bioactive 381:389 arg1 Ga-MBG/CHT 427:436 Ga-MBG/CHT 427:436 Ga-MBG/CHT 427:436 Here, a series of 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) were constructed by the lyophilization process and the effect of various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) on the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold was assessed as compared to that of Celox Rapid gauze (CXR), a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze. 28836753 3 30 theme bioactive 381:389 arg1 scaffolds 416:424 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds 350:424 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) 350:437 Here, a series of 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) were constructed by the lyophilization process and the effect of various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) on the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold was assessed as compared to that of Celox Rapid gauze (CXR), a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze. 28836753 7 31 theme time-killing 1317:1328 arg1 assay 1330:1334 a time-killing assay 1315:1334 a time-killing assay 1315:1334 The antibacterial efficacy and biocompatibility of the prepared scaffolds were also assessed by a time-killing assay and an Alamar Blue assay, respectively. 28836753 5 32 theme hemostatic 940:949 arg1 performance 951:961 increased hemostatic performance 930:961 increased hemostatic performance 930:961 The results of coagulation studies showed that pure CHT and composite scaffolds exhibited increased hemostatic performance with respect to CXR. 28836753 6 33 theme wt 1056:1057 arg1 % 1059:1059 50 wt % 1053:1059 50 wt % 1053:1059 Furthermore, the composite scaffold with the highest Ga-MBG content (50 wt %) had increased capability to enhancing thrombus generation, blood clotting, and platelet adhesion and aggregation than that of the scaffold made of pure CHT. 28836753 6 33 theme wt 1056:1057 arg1 content 1044:1050 the highest Ga-MBG content 1025:1050 the highest Ga-MBG content (50 wt %) 1025:1060 Furthermore, the composite scaffold with the highest Ga-MBG content (50 wt %) had increased capability to enhancing thrombus generation, blood clotting, and platelet adhesion and aggregation than that of the scaffold made of pure CHT. 28836753 3 34 theme concentrations 512:525 arg1 effect 494:499 the effect 490:499 the effect of various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) on the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold 490:604 Here, a series of 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) were constructed by the lyophilization process and the effect of various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) on the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold was assessed as compared to that of Celox Rapid gauze (CXR), a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze. 28836753 3 35 theme Rapid 648:652 arg1 CXR 661:663 CXR 661:663 CXR 661:663 Here, a series of 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) were constructed by the lyophilization process and the effect of various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) on the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold was assessed as compared to that of Celox Rapid gauze (CXR), a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze. 28836753 3 35 theme Rapid 648:652 arg1 gauze 654:658 Celox Rapid gauze 642:658 Celox Rapid gauze (CXR) 642:664 Here, a series of 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) were constructed by the lyophilization process and the effect of various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) on the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold was assessed as compared to that of Celox Rapid gauze (CXR), a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze. 28836753 3 35 theme Rapid 648:652 arg1 gauze 727:731 a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze 667:731 a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze 667:731 Here, a series of 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) were constructed by the lyophilization process and the effect of various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) on the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold was assessed as compared to that of Celox Rapid gauze (CXR), a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze. 28836753 9 36 theme good 1572:1575 arg1 biocompatibility 1577:1592 good biocompatibility 1572:1592 good biocompatibility 1572:1592 The cell viability results also demonstrated that Ga-MBG/CHT composite scaffolds had good biocompatibility, which facilitates the spreading and proliferation of human dermal fibroblast cells even with 50 wt % Ga-MBG loading. 28836753 7 37 theme scaffolds 1283:1291 arg1 biocompatibility 1250:1265 biocompatibility 1250:1265 biocompatibility 1250:1265 The antibacterial efficacy and biocompatibility of the prepared scaffolds were also assessed by a time-killing assay and an Alamar Blue assay, respectively. 28836753 7 37 theme scaffolds 1283:1291 arg1 efficacy 1237:1244 antibacterial efficacy 1223:1244 antibacterial efficacy 1223:1244 The antibacterial efficacy and biocompatibility of the prepared scaffolds were also assessed by a time-killing assay and an Alamar Blue assay, respectively. 28836753 0 38 theme Gallium-Containing 36:53 arg1 Scaffold 101:108 a Novel Gallium-Containing Mesoporous Bioactive Glass/Chitosan Composite Scaffold 28:108 a Novel Gallium-Containing Mesoporous Bioactive Glass/Chitosan Composite Scaffold 28:108 Potency and Cytotoxicity of a Novel Gallium-Containing Mesoporous Bioactive Glass/Chitosan Composite Scaffold as Hemostatic Agents. 28836753 3 39 theme Ga-MBG 530:535 arg1 concentrations 512:525 various concentrations 504:525 various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) 504:557 Here, a series of 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) were constructed by the lyophilization process and the effect of various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) on the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold was assessed as compared to that of Celox Rapid gauze (CXR), a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze. 28836753 6 40 theme thrombus 1100:1107 arg1 generation 1109:1118 enhancing thrombus generation 1090:1118 enhancing thrombus generation 1090:1118 Furthermore, the composite scaffold with the highest Ga-MBG content (50 wt %) had increased capability to enhancing thrombus generation, blood clotting, and platelet adhesion and aggregation than that of the scaffold made of pure CHT. 28836753 6 41 theme Ga-MBG 1037:1042 arg1 % 1059:1059 50 wt % 1053:1059 50 wt % 1053:1059 Furthermore, the composite scaffold with the highest Ga-MBG content (50 wt %) had increased capability to enhancing thrombus generation, blood clotting, and platelet adhesion and aggregation than that of the scaffold made of pure CHT. 28836753 6 41 theme Ga-MBG 1037:1042 arg1 content 1044:1050 the highest Ga-MBG content 1025:1050 the highest Ga-MBG content (50 wt %) 1025:1060 Furthermore, the composite scaffold with the highest Ga-MBG content (50 wt %) had increased capability to enhancing thrombus generation, blood clotting, and platelet adhesion and aggregation than that of the scaffold made of pure CHT. 28836753 4 42 theme water 802:806 arg1 uptake 808:813 increased water uptake 792:813 increased water uptake 792:813 The prepared scaffolds exhibited >79% porosity and showed increased water uptake compared to that in CXR. 28836753 3 43 from effect 494:499 arg1 function 577:584 the hemostatic function 562:584 the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold 562:604 Here, a series of 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) were constructed by the lyophilization process and the effect of various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) on the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold was assessed as compared to that of Celox Rapid gauze (CXR), a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze. 28836753 6 44 theme increased 1066:1074 arg1 capability 1076:1085 increased capability 1066:1085 increased capability to enhancing thrombus generation, blood clotting, and platelet adhesion and aggregation 1066:1173 Furthermore, the composite scaffold with the highest Ga-MBG content (50 wt %) had increased capability to enhancing thrombus generation, blood clotting, and platelet adhesion and aggregation than that of the scaffold made of pure CHT. 28836753 10 45 theme Ga-MBG/CHT 1739:1748 arg1 candidate 1792:1800 a promising hemostatic candidate 1769:1800 a promising hemostatic candidate for improving hemostasis in critical situations 1769:1848 These results suggest that Ga-MBG/CHT scaffolds could be a promising hemostatic candidate for improving hemostasis in critical situations. 28836753 10 45 theme Ga-MBG/CHT 1739:1748 arg1 scaffolds 1750:1758 Ga-MBG/CHT scaffolds 1739:1758 Ga-MBG/CHT scaffolds 1739:1758 These results suggest that Ga-MBG/CHT scaffolds could be a promising hemostatic candidate for improving hemostasis in critical situations. 28836753 9 46 theme human 1648:1652 arg1 cells 1672:1676 human dermal fibroblast cells 1648:1676 human dermal fibroblast cells 1648:1676 The cell viability results also demonstrated that Ga-MBG/CHT composite scaffolds had good biocompatibility, which facilitates the spreading and proliferation of human dermal fibroblast cells even with 50 wt % Ga-MBG loading. 28836753 5 47 theme pure 887:890 arg1 scaffolds 910:918 pure CHT and composite scaffolds 887:918 pure CHT and composite scaffolds 887:918 The results of coagulation studies showed that pure CHT and composite scaffolds exhibited increased hemostatic performance with respect to CXR. 28836753 3 48 theme wt 553:554 arg1 Ga-MBG 530:535 Ga-MBG 530:535 Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) 530:557 Here, a series of 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) were constructed by the lyophilization process and the effect of various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) on the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold was assessed as compared to that of Celox Rapid gauze (CXR), a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze. 28836753 3 48 theme wt 553:554 arg1 % 556:556 10, 30, and 50 wt % 538:556 10, 30, and 50 wt % 538:556 Here, a series of 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) were constructed by the lyophilization process and the effect of various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) on the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold was assessed as compared to that of Celox Rapid gauze (CXR), a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze. 28836753 9 49 theme fibroblast 1661:1670 arg1 cells 1672:1676 human dermal fibroblast cells 1648:1676 human dermal fibroblast cells 1648:1676 The cell viability results also demonstrated that Ga-MBG/CHT composite scaffolds had good biocompatibility, which facilitates the spreading and proliferation of human dermal fibroblast cells even with 50 wt % Ga-MBG loading. 28836753 3 50 theme chitosan-coated 700:714 arg1 gauze 654:658 Celox Rapid gauze 642:658 Celox Rapid gauze (CXR) 642:664 Here, a series of 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) were constructed by the lyophilization process and the effect of various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) on the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold was assessed as compared to that of Celox Rapid gauze (CXR), a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze. 28836753 3 50 theme chitosan-coated 700:714 arg1 gauze 727:731 a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze 667:731 a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze 667:731 Here, a series of 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) were constructed by the lyophilization process and the effect of various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) on the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold was assessed as compared to that of Celox Rapid gauze (CXR), a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze. 28836753 5 51 theme coagulation 855:865 arg1 studies 867:873 coagulation studies 855:873 coagulation studies 855:873 The results of coagulation studies showed that pure CHT and composite scaffolds exhibited increased hemostatic performance with respect to CXR. 28836753 8 52 theme 50 1426:1427 arg1 % 1428:1428 % 1428:1428 % 1428:1428 Our results show that the antibacterial effect of 50% Ga-MBG/CHT was more pronounced than that of CHT and CXR. 28836753 1 53 theme hemorrhage 196:205 arg1 control 207:213 immediate hemorrhage control 186:213 immediate hemorrhage control 186:213 Chitosan-based hemostats are promising candidates for immediate hemorrhage control. 28836753 9 54 theme cell 1491:1494 arg1 viability 1496:1504 The cell viability results 1487:1512 The cell viability results 1487:1512 The cell viability results also demonstrated that Ga-MBG/CHT composite scaffolds had good biocompatibility, which facilitates the spreading and proliferation of human dermal fibroblast cells even with 50 wt % Ga-MBG loading. 28836753 9 55 dep spreading 1617:1625 arg1 the 1613:1615 the 1613:1615 the 1613:1615 The cell viability results also demonstrated that Ga-MBG/CHT composite scaffolds had good biocompatibility, which facilitates the spreading and proliferation of human dermal fibroblast cells even with 50 wt % Ga-MBG loading. 28836753 3 56 theme scaffold 597:604 arg1 function 577:584 the hemostatic function 562:584 the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold 562:604 Here, a series of 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) were constructed by the lyophilization process and the effect of various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) on the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold was assessed as compared to that of Celox Rapid gauze (CXR), a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze. 28836753 9 57 theme % 1694:1694 arg1 Ga-MBG 1696:1701 50 wt % Ga-MBG 1688:1701 50 wt % Ga-MBG loading 1688:1709 The cell viability results also demonstrated that Ga-MBG/CHT composite scaffolds had good biocompatibility, which facilitates the spreading and proliferation of human dermal fibroblast cells even with 50 wt % Ga-MBG loading. 28836753 8 58 theme Ga-MBG/CHT 1430:1439 arg1 pronounced 1450:1459 pronounced 1450:1459 pronounced 1450:1459 Our results show that the antibacterial effect of 50% Ga-MBG/CHT was more pronounced than that of CHT and CXR. 28836753 8 58 theme Ga-MBG/CHT 1430:1439 arg1 effect 1416:1421 the antibacterial effect 1398:1421 the antibacterial effect of 50% Ga-MBG/CHT 1398:1439 Our results show that the antibacterial effect of 50% Ga-MBG/CHT was more pronounced than that of CHT and CXR. 28836753 6 59 theme pure 1209:1212 arg1 CHT 1214:1216 pure CHT 1209:1216 pure CHT 1209:1216 Furthermore, the composite scaffold with the highest Ga-MBG content (50 wt %) had increased capability to enhancing thrombus generation, blood clotting, and platelet adhesion and aggregation than that of the scaffold made of pure CHT. 28836753 10 60 theme hemostatic 1781:1790 arg1 candidate 1792:1800 a promising hemostatic candidate 1769:1800 a promising hemostatic candidate for improving hemostasis in critical situations 1769:1848 These results suggest that Ga-MBG/CHT scaffolds could be a promising hemostatic candidate for improving hemostasis in critical situations. 28836753 10 60 theme hemostatic 1781:1790 arg1 scaffolds 1750:1758 Ga-MBG/CHT scaffolds 1739:1758 Ga-MBG/CHT scaffolds 1739:1758 These results suggest that Ga-MBG/CHT scaffolds could be a promising hemostatic candidate for improving hemostasis in critical situations. 28836753 1 61 theme Chitosan-based 132:145 arg1 hemostats 147:155 Chitosan-based hemostats 132:155 Chitosan-based hemostats 132:155 Chitosan-based hemostats are promising candidates for immediate hemorrhage control. 28836753 1 61 theme Chitosan-based 132:145 arg1 candidates 171:180 promising candidates 161:180 promising candidates for immediate hemorrhage control 161:213 Chitosan-based hemostats are promising candidates for immediate hemorrhage control. 28836753 2 62 theme desired 301:307 arg1 efficiency 320:329 the desired hemostatic efficiency 297:329 the desired hemostatic efficiency 297:329 However, they have some disadvantages and require further improvement to achieve the desired hemostatic efficiency. 28836753 6 63 theme highest 1029:1035 arg1 % 1059:1059 50 wt % 1053:1059 50 wt % 1053:1059 Furthermore, the composite scaffold with the highest Ga-MBG content (50 wt %) had increased capability to enhancing thrombus generation, blood clotting, and platelet adhesion and aggregation than that of the scaffold made of pure CHT. 28836753 6 63 theme highest 1029:1035 arg1 content 1044:1050 the highest Ga-MBG content 1025:1050 the highest Ga-MBG content (50 wt %) 1025:1060 Furthermore, the composite scaffold with the highest Ga-MBG content (50 wt %) had increased capability to enhancing thrombus generation, blood clotting, and platelet adhesion and aggregation than that of the scaffold made of pure CHT. 28836753 7 64 theme Alamar 1343:1348 arg1 assay 1355:1359 an Alamar Blue assay 1340:1359 an Alamar Blue assay 1340:1359 The antibacterial efficacy and biocompatibility of the prepared scaffolds were also assessed by a time-killing assay and an Alamar Blue assay, respectively. 28836753 0 65 theme Glass/Chitosan 76:89 arg1 Scaffold 101:108 a Novel Gallium-Containing Mesoporous Bioactive Glass/Chitosan Composite Scaffold 28:108 a Novel Gallium-Containing Mesoporous Bioactive Glass/Chitosan Composite Scaffold 28:108 Potency and Cytotoxicity of a Novel Gallium-Containing Mesoporous Bioactive Glass/Chitosan Composite Scaffold as Hemostatic Agents. 28836753 3 66 theme mesoporous 370:379 arg1 Ga-MBG/CHT 427:436 Ga-MBG/CHT 427:436 Ga-MBG/CHT 427:436 Here, a series of 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) were constructed by the lyophilization process and the effect of various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) on the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold was assessed as compared to that of Celox Rapid gauze (CXR), a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze. 28836753 3 66 theme mesoporous 370:379 arg1 scaffolds 416:424 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds 350:424 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) 350:437 Here, a series of 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) were constructed by the lyophilization process and the effect of various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) on the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold was assessed as compared to that of Celox Rapid gauze (CXR), a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze. 28836753 9 67 contain had 1568:1570 arg2 biocompatibility 1577:1592 good biocompatibility 1572:1592 good biocompatibility 1572:1592 The cell viability results also demonstrated that Ga-MBG/CHT composite scaffolds had good biocompatibility, which facilitates the spreading and proliferation of human dermal fibroblast cells even with 50 wt % Ga-MBG loading. 28836753 9 67 contain had 1568:1570 arg1 scaffolds 1558:1566 Ga-MBG/CHT composite scaffolds 1537:1566 Ga-MBG/CHT composite scaffolds 1537:1566 The cell viability results also demonstrated that Ga-MBG/CHT composite scaffolds had good biocompatibility, which facilitates the spreading and proliferation of human dermal fibroblast cells even with 50 wt % Ga-MBG loading. 28836753 0 68 theme Scaffold 101:108 arg1 Cytotoxicity 12:23 Cytotoxicity 12:23 Cytotoxicity 12:23 Potency and Cytotoxicity of a Novel Gallium-Containing Mesoporous Bioactive Glass/Chitosan Composite Scaffold as Hemostatic Agents. 28836753 0 68 theme Scaffold 101:108 arg1 Potency 0:6 Potency 0:6 Potency 0:6 Potency and Cytotoxicity of a Novel Gallium-Containing Mesoporous Bioactive Glass/Chitosan Composite Scaffold as Hemostatic Agents. 28836753 1 69 theme immediate 186:194 arg1 control 207:213 immediate hemorrhage control 186:213 immediate hemorrhage control 186:213 Chitosan-based hemostats are promising candidates for immediate hemorrhage control. 28836753 6 70 theme composite 1001:1009 arg1 scaffold 1011:1018 the composite scaffold 997:1018 the composite scaffold with the highest Ga-MBG content (50 wt %) 997:1060 Furthermore, the composite scaffold with the highest Ga-MBG content (50 wt %) had increased capability to enhancing thrombus generation, blood clotting, and platelet adhesion and aggregation than that of the scaffold made of pure CHT. 28836753 3 71 theme % 351:351 arg1 Ga-MBG/CHT 427:436 Ga-MBG/CHT 427:436 Ga-MBG/CHT 427:436 Here, a series of 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) were constructed by the lyophilization process and the effect of various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) on the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold was assessed as compared to that of Celox Rapid gauze (CXR), a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze. 28836753 3 71 theme % 351:351 arg1 scaffolds 416:424 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds 350:424 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) 350:437 Here, a series of 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) were constructed by the lyophilization process and the effect of various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) on the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold was assessed as compared to that of Celox Rapid gauze (CXR), a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze. 28836753 0 72 theme Hemostatic 113:122 arg1 Agents 124:129 Hemostatic Agents 113:129 Hemostatic Agents 113:129 Potency and Cytotoxicity of a Novel Gallium-Containing Mesoporous Bioactive Glass/Chitosan Composite Scaffold as Hemostatic Agents. 28836753 3 73 theme scaffolds 416:424 arg1 series 340:345 a series 338:345 a series of 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) 338:437 Here, a series of 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) were constructed by the lyophilization process and the effect of various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) on the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold was assessed as compared to that of Celox Rapid gauze (CXR), a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze. 28836753 3 74 theme glass-chitosan 391:404 arg1 Ga-MBG/CHT 427:436 Ga-MBG/CHT 427:436 Ga-MBG/CHT 427:436 Here, a series of 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) were constructed by the lyophilization process and the effect of various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) on the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold was assessed as compared to that of Celox Rapid gauze (CXR), a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze. 28836753 3 74 theme glass-chitosan 391:404 arg1 scaffolds 416:424 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds 350:424 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) 350:437 Here, a series of 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) were constructed by the lyophilization process and the effect of various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) on the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold was assessed as compared to that of Celox Rapid gauze (CXR), a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze. 28836753 4 75 theme % 770:770 arg1 porosity 772:779 >79% porosity 767:779 >79% porosity 767:779 The prepared scaffolds exhibited >79% porosity and showed increased water uptake compared to that in CXR. 28836753 5 76 theme increased 930:938 arg1 performance 951:961 increased hemostatic performance 930:961 increased hemostatic performance 930:961 The results of coagulation studies showed that pure CHT and composite scaffolds exhibited increased hemostatic performance with respect to CXR. 28836753 9 77 theme composite 1548:1556 arg1 scaffolds 1558:1566 Ga-MBG/CHT composite scaffolds 1537:1566 Ga-MBG/CHT composite scaffolds 1537:1566 The cell viability results also demonstrated that Ga-MBG/CHT composite scaffolds had good biocompatibility, which facilitates the spreading and proliferation of human dermal fibroblast cells even with 50 wt % Ga-MBG loading. 28836753 3 78 theme Celox 642:646 arg1 CXR 661:663 CXR 661:663 CXR 661:663 Here, a series of 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) were constructed by the lyophilization process and the effect of various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) on the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold was assessed as compared to that of Celox Rapid gauze (CXR), a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze. 28836753 3 78 theme Celox 642:646 arg1 gauze 654:658 Celox Rapid gauze 642:658 Celox Rapid gauze (CXR) 642:664 Here, a series of 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) were constructed by the lyophilization process and the effect of various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) on the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold was assessed as compared to that of Celox Rapid gauze (CXR), a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze. 28836753 3 78 theme Celox 642:646 arg1 gauze 727:731 a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze 667:731 a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze 667:731 Here, a series of 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) were constructed by the lyophilization process and the effect of various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) on the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold was assessed as compared to that of Celox Rapid gauze (CXR), a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze. 28836753 4 79 theme prepared 738:745 arg1 scaffolds 747:755 The prepared scaffolds 734:755 The prepared scaffolds 734:755 The prepared scaffolds exhibited >79% porosity and showed increased water uptake compared to that in CXR. 28836753 6 80 theme enhancing 1090:1098 arg1 generation 1109:1118 enhancing thrombus generation 1090:1118 enhancing thrombus generation 1090:1118 Furthermore, the composite scaffold with the highest Ga-MBG content (50 wt %) had increased capability to enhancing thrombus generation, blood clotting, and platelet adhesion and aggregation than that of the scaffold made of pure CHT. 28836753 0 81 theme Novel 30:34 arg1 Scaffold 101:108 a Novel Gallium-Containing Mesoporous Bioactive Glass/Chitosan Composite Scaffold 28:108 a Novel Gallium-Containing Mesoporous Bioactive Glass/Chitosan Composite Scaffold 28:108 Potency and Cytotoxicity of a Novel Gallium-Containing Mesoporous Bioactive Glass/Chitosan Composite Scaffold as Hemostatic Agents. 28836753 7 82 theme prepared 1274:1281 arg1 scaffolds 1283:1291 the prepared scaffolds 1270:1291 the prepared scaffolds 1270:1291 The antibacterial efficacy and biocompatibility of the prepared scaffolds were also assessed by a time-killing assay and an Alamar Blue assay, respectively. 28836753 3 83 theme lyophilization 463:476 arg1 process 478:484 the lyophilization process 459:484 the lyophilization process 459:484 Here, a series of 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) were constructed by the lyophilization process and the effect of various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) on the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold was assessed as compared to that of Celox Rapid gauze (CXR), a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze. 28836753 3 84 theme various 504:510 arg1 concentrations 512:525 various concentrations 504:525 various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) 504:557 Here, a series of 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) were constructed by the lyophilization process and the effect of various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) on the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold was assessed as compared to that of Celox Rapid gauze (CXR), a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze. 28836753 0 85 theme Mesoporous 55:64 arg1 Scaffold 101:108 a Novel Gallium-Containing Mesoporous Bioactive Glass/Chitosan Composite Scaffold 28:108 a Novel Gallium-Containing Mesoporous Bioactive Glass/Chitosan Composite Scaffold 28:108 Potency and Cytotoxicity of a Novel Gallium-Containing Mesoporous Bioactive Glass/Chitosan Composite Scaffold as Hemostatic Agents. 28836753 6 86 theme blood 1121:1125 arg1 clotting 1127:1134 blood clotting 1121:1134 blood clotting 1121:1134 Furthermore, the composite scaffold with the highest Ga-MBG content (50 wt %) had increased capability to enhancing thrombus generation, blood clotting, and platelet adhesion and aggregation than that of the scaffold made of pure CHT. 28836753 4 87 theme increased 792:800 arg1 uptake 808:813 increased water uptake 792:813 increased water uptake 792:813 The prepared scaffolds exhibited >79% porosity and showed increased water uptake compared to that in CXR. 28836753 6 88 with scaffold 1011:1018 arg1 % 1059:1059 50 wt % 1053:1059 50 wt % 1053:1059 Furthermore, the composite scaffold with the highest Ga-MBG content (50 wt %) had increased capability to enhancing thrombus generation, blood clotting, and platelet adhesion and aggregation than that of the scaffold made of pure CHT. 28836753 6 88 with scaffold 1011:1018 arg1 content 1044:1050 the highest Ga-MBG content 1025:1050 the highest Ga-MBG content (50 wt %) 1025:1060 Furthermore, the composite scaffold with the highest Ga-MBG content (50 wt %) had increased capability to enhancing thrombus generation, blood clotting, and platelet adhesion and aggregation than that of the scaffold made of pure CHT. 28836753 7 89 theme antibacterial 1223:1235 arg1 efficacy 1237:1244 antibacterial efficacy 1223:1244 antibacterial efficacy 1223:1244 The antibacterial efficacy and biocompatibility of the prepared scaffolds were also assessed by a time-killing assay and an Alamar Blue assay, respectively. 28836753 3 90 theme current 669:675 arg1 gauze 654:658 Celox Rapid gauze 642:658 Celox Rapid gauze (CXR) 642:664 Here, a series of 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) were constructed by the lyophilization process and the effect of various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) on the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold was assessed as compared to that of Celox Rapid gauze (CXR), a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze. 28836753 3 90 theme current 669:675 arg1 gauze 727:731 a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze 667:731 a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze 667:731 Here, a series of 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) were constructed by the lyophilization process and the effect of various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) on the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold was assessed as compared to that of Celox Rapid gauze (CXR), a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze. 28836753 8 91 theme antibacterial 1402:1414 arg1 pronounced 1450:1459 pronounced 1450:1459 pronounced 1450:1459 Our results show that the antibacterial effect of 50% Ga-MBG/CHT was more pronounced than that of CHT and CXR. 28836753 8 91 theme antibacterial 1402:1414 arg1 effect 1416:1421 the antibacterial effect 1398:1421 the antibacterial effect of 50% Ga-MBG/CHT 1398:1439 Our results show that the antibacterial effect of 50% Ga-MBG/CHT was more pronounced than that of CHT and CXR. 25439905 0 0 theme composites 78:87 arg1 properties 53:62 the barrier and mechanical properties 26:62 properties 53:62 Effect of plasticizers on the barrier and mechanical properties of biomimetic composites of chitosan and clay. 25439905 4 1 from plasticizer 494:504 arg1 terms 523:527 terms 523:527 terms of suppression of the glass transition temperature and mechanical properties 523:604 It is shown here that an imidazolium-based ionic liquid is a more effective plasticizer for chitosan, in terms of suppression of the glass transition temperature and mechanical properties, than the more commonly used glycerol. 25439905 1 2 theme clay 148:151 arg1 composites 122:131 Biomimetic composites 111:131 Biomimetic composites of polymer and clay 111:151 Biomimetic composites of polymer and clay are known to possess high mechanical strength and excellent barrier properties. 25439905 1 2 theme clay 148:151 arg1 clay 148:151 clay 148:151 clay 148:151 Biomimetic composites of polymer and clay are known to possess high mechanical strength and excellent barrier properties. 25439905 1 2 theme clay 148:151 arg1 polymer 136:142 polymer 136:142 polymer 136:142 Biomimetic composites of polymer and clay are known to possess high mechanical strength and excellent barrier properties. 25439905 4 3 theme glass 551:555 arg1 transition 557:566 the glass transition 547:566 the glass transition temperature 547:578 It is shown here that an imidazolium-based ionic liquid is a more effective plasticizer for chitosan, in terms of suppression of the glass transition temperature and mechanical properties, than the more commonly used glycerol. 25439905 0 4 theme biomimetic 67:76 arg1 chitosan 92:99 chitosan 92:99 chitosan 92:99 Effect of plasticizers on the barrier and mechanical properties of biomimetic composites of chitosan and clay. 25439905 0 4 theme biomimetic 67:76 arg1 composites 78:87 biomimetic composites 67:87 biomimetic composites of chitosan and clay 67:108 Effect of plasticizers on the barrier and mechanical properties of biomimetic composites of chitosan and clay. 25439905 0 4 theme biomimetic 67:76 arg1 clay 105:108 clay 105:108 clay 105:108 Effect of plasticizers on the barrier and mechanical properties of biomimetic composites of chitosan and clay. 25439905 8 5 theme barrier 1131:1137 arg1 properties 1139:1148 barrier properties 1131:1148 barrier properties 1131:1148 Regarding barrier properties, no difference was observed between the original and the plasticized composites. 25439905 7 6 theme better 1033:1038 arg1 liquid 1020:1025 liquid 1020:1025 liquid 1020:1025 A similar effect on the mechanical properties was observed as for the pure polymer, that is, even at a very low (∼12%) final concentration, the ionic liquid was a better plasticizer than glycerol, being able to double the ductility of the composites. 25439905 7 6 theme better 1033:1038 arg1 plasticizer 1040:1050 a better plasticizer 1031:1050 a better plasticizer 1031:1050 A similar effect on the mechanical properties was observed as for the pure polymer, that is, even at a very low (∼12%) final concentration, the ionic liquid was a better plasticizer than glycerol, being able to double the ductility of the composites. 25439905 0 7 theme chitosan 92:99 arg1 chitosan 92:99 chitosan 92:99 chitosan 92:99 Effect of plasticizers on the barrier and mechanical properties of biomimetic composites of chitosan and clay. 25439905 0 7 theme chitosan 92:99 arg1 composites 78:87 biomimetic composites 67:87 biomimetic composites of chitosan and clay 67:108 Effect of plasticizers on the barrier and mechanical properties of biomimetic composites of chitosan and clay. 25439905 0 7 theme chitosan 92:99 arg1 clay 105:108 clay 105:108 clay 105:108 Effect of plasticizers on the barrier and mechanical properties of biomimetic composites of chitosan and clay. 25439905 0 8 from Effect 0:5 arg1 properties 53:62 the barrier and mechanical properties 26:62 properties 53:62 Effect of plasticizers on the barrier and mechanical properties of biomimetic composites of chitosan and clay. 25439905 7 9 theme pure 940:943 arg1 polymer 945:951 the pure polymer 936:951 the pure polymer 936:951 A similar effect on the mechanical properties was observed as for the pure polymer, that is, even at a very low (∼12%) final concentration, the ionic liquid was a better plasticizer than glycerol, being able to double the ductility of the composites. 25439905 8 10 dep original 1190:1197 arg1 composites 1219:1228 composites 1219:1228 composites 1219:1228 Regarding barrier properties, no difference was observed between the original and the plasticized composites. 25439905 4 11 theme temperature 568:578 arg1 suppression 532:542 suppression 532:542 suppression of the glass transition temperature and mechanical properties 532:604 It is shown here that an imidazolium-based ionic liquid is a more effective plasticizer for chitosan, in terms of suppression of the glass transition temperature and mechanical properties, than the more commonly used glycerol. 25439905 7 12 theme composites 1109:1118 arg1 ductility 1092:1100 the ductility 1088:1100 the ductility of the composites 1088:1118 A similar effect on the mechanical properties was observed as for the pure polymer, that is, even at a very low (∼12%) final concentration, the ionic liquid was a better plasticizer than glycerol, being able to double the ductility of the composites. 25439905 6 13 theme Biomimetic 773:782 arg1 clay 811:814 clay 811:814 clay 811:814 Biomimetic composites of chitosan and clay were also prepared containing these two plasticizers. 25439905 6 13 theme Biomimetic 773:782 arg1 chitosan 798:805 chitosan 798:805 chitosan 798:805 Biomimetic composites of chitosan and clay were also prepared containing these two plasticizers. 25439905 6 13 theme Biomimetic 773:782 arg1 composites 784:793 Biomimetic composites 773:793 Biomimetic composites of chitosan and clay 773:814 Biomimetic composites of chitosan and clay were also prepared containing these two plasticizers. 25439905 4 14 theme transition 557:566 arg1 temperature 568:578 the glass transition temperature 547:578 the glass transition temperature 547:578 It is shown here that an imidazolium-based ionic liquid is a more effective plasticizer for chitosan, in terms of suppression of the glass transition temperature and mechanical properties, than the more commonly used glycerol. 25439905 0 15 theme clay 105:108 arg1 chitosan 92:99 chitosan 92:99 chitosan 92:99 Effect of plasticizers on the barrier and mechanical properties of biomimetic composites of chitosan and clay. 25439905 0 15 theme clay 105:108 arg1 composites 78:87 biomimetic composites 67:87 biomimetic composites of chitosan and clay 67:108 Effect of plasticizers on the barrier and mechanical properties of biomimetic composites of chitosan and clay. 25439905 0 15 theme clay 105:108 arg1 clay 105:108 clay 105:108 clay 105:108 Effect of plasticizers on the barrier and mechanical properties of biomimetic composites of chitosan and clay. 25439905 2 16 theme composites 265:274 arg1 ductility 246:254 the ductility 242:254 the ductility of these composites 242:274 However, the ductility of these composites is always low. 25439905 2 16 theme composites 265:274 arg1 low 286:288 low 286:288 low 286:288 However, the ductility of these composites is always low. 25439905 9 17 theme composites 1356:1365 arg1 flexibility 1330:1340 the flexibility 1326:1340 the flexibility of biomimetic composites 1326:1365 This study thus shows that the incorporation of plasticizers is an effective method to improve the flexibility of biomimetic composites without deleterious effect on their excellent barrier properties. 25439905 3 18 dep way 295:297 arg1 overcome 302:309 overcome 302:309 to overcome this limitation 299:325 One way to overcome this limitation consists on the incorporation of plasticizers which work effectively for the pure polymer. 25439905 4 19 theme used 630:633 arg1 glycerol 635:642 the more commonly used glycerol 612:642 the more commonly used glycerol 612:642 It is shown here that an imidazolium-based ionic liquid is a more effective plasticizer for chitosan, in terms of suppression of the glass transition temperature and mechanical properties, than the more commonly used glycerol. 25439905 9 20 theme deleterious 1375:1385 arg1 effect 1387:1392 deleterious effect 1375:1392 deleterious effect on their excellent barrier properties 1375:1430 This study thus shows that the incorporation of plasticizers is an effective method to improve the flexibility of biomimetic composites without deleterious effect on their excellent barrier properties. 25439905 7 21 theme mechanical 894:903 arg1 properties 905:914 the mechanical properties 890:914 the mechanical properties 890:914 A similar effect on the mechanical properties was observed as for the pure polymer, that is, even at a very low (∼12%) final concentration, the ionic liquid was a better plasticizer than glycerol, being able to double the ductility of the composites. 25439905 7 22 from effect 880:885 arg1 properties 905:914 the mechanical properties 890:914 the mechanical properties 890:914 A similar effect on the mechanical properties was observed as for the pure polymer, that is, even at a very low (∼12%) final concentration, the ionic liquid was a better plasticizer than glycerol, being able to double the ductility of the composites. 25439905 1 23 theme high 174:177 arg1 strength 190:197 high mechanical strength 174:197 high mechanical strength 174:197 Biomimetic composites of polymer and clay are known to possess high mechanical strength and excellent barrier properties. 25439905 5 24 theme ionic 672:676 arg1 interaction 678:688 the ionic interaction 668:688 the ionic interaction between both species that is not present when glycerol is used as the plasticizer 668:770 This might result from the ionic interaction between both species that is not present when glycerol is used as the plasticizer. 25439905 7 25 dep low 978:980 arg1 % 986:986 ∼12% 983:986 ∼12% 983:986 A similar effect on the mechanical properties was observed as for the pure polymer, that is, even at a very low (∼12%) final concentration, the ionic liquid was a better plasticizer than glycerol, being able to double the ductility of the composites. 25439905 1 26 theme mechanical 179:188 arg1 strength 190:197 high mechanical strength 174:197 high mechanical strength 174:197 Biomimetic composites of polymer and clay are known to possess high mechanical strength and excellent barrier properties. 25439905 3 27 theme plasticizers 360:371 arg1 incorporation 343:355 the incorporation 339:355 the incorporation of plasticizers which work effectively for the pure polymer 339:415 One way to overcome this limitation consists on the incorporation of plasticizers which work effectively for the pure polymer. 25439905 9 28 theme biomimetic 1345:1354 arg1 composites 1356:1365 biomimetic composites 1345:1365 biomimetic composites 1345:1365 This study thus shows that the incorporation of plasticizers is an effective method to improve the flexibility of biomimetic composites without deleterious effect on their excellent barrier properties. 25439905 0 29 theme barrier 30:36 arg1 properties 53:62 the barrier and mechanical properties 26:62 properties 53:62 Effect of plasticizers on the barrier and mechanical properties of biomimetic composites of chitosan and clay. 25439905 4 30 theme suppression 532:542 arg1 terms 523:527 terms 523:527 terms of suppression of the glass transition temperature and mechanical properties 523:604 It is shown here that an imidazolium-based ionic liquid is a more effective plasticizer for chitosan, in terms of suppression of the glass transition temperature and mechanical properties, than the more commonly used glycerol. 25439905 1 31 contain possess 166:172 arg1 composites 122:131 Biomimetic composites 111:131 Biomimetic composites of polymer and clay 111:151 Biomimetic composites of polymer and clay are known to possess high mechanical strength and excellent barrier properties. 25439905 1 31 contain possess 166:172 arg2 strength 190:197 high mechanical strength 174:197 high mechanical strength 174:197 Biomimetic composites of polymer and clay are known to possess high mechanical strength and excellent barrier properties. 25439905 1 31 contain possess 166:172 arg1 clay 148:151 clay 148:151 clay 148:151 Biomimetic composites of polymer and clay are known to possess high mechanical strength and excellent barrier properties. 25439905 1 31 contain possess 166:172 arg1 polymer 136:142 polymer 136:142 polymer 136:142 Biomimetic composites of polymer and clay are known to possess high mechanical strength and excellent barrier properties. 25439905 1 31 contain possess 166:172 arg2 properties 221:230 excellent barrier properties 203:230 excellent barrier properties 203:230 Biomimetic composites of polymer and clay are known to possess high mechanical strength and excellent barrier properties. 25439905 9 32 theme excellent 1403:1411 arg1 properties 1421:1430 their excellent barrier properties 1397:1430 their excellent barrier properties 1397:1430 This study thus shows that the incorporation of plasticizers is an effective method to improve the flexibility of biomimetic composites without deleterious effect on their excellent barrier properties. 25439905 3 33 theme pure 404:407 arg1 polymer 409:415 the pure polymer 400:415 the pure polymer 400:415 One way to overcome this limitation consists on the incorporation of plasticizers which work effectively for the pure polymer. 25439905 5 34 used used 748:751 arg2 glycerol 736:743 glycerol 736:743 glycerol 736:743 This might result from the ionic interaction between both species that is not present when glycerol is used as the plasticizer. 25439905 5 34 used used 748:751 arg2 plasticizer 760:770 the plasticizer 756:770 the plasticizer 756:770 This might result from the ionic interaction between both species that is not present when glycerol is used as the plasticizer. 25439905 1 35 theme excellent 203:211 arg1 properties 221:230 excellent barrier properties 203:230 excellent barrier properties 203:230 Biomimetic composites of polymer and clay are known to possess high mechanical strength and excellent barrier properties. 25439905 0 36 theme mechanical 42:51 arg1 properties 53:62 the barrier and mechanical properties 26:62 properties 53:62 Effect of plasticizers on the barrier and mechanical properties of biomimetic composites of chitosan and clay. 25439905 9 37 theme plasticizers 1279:1290 arg1 incorporation 1262:1274 the incorporation 1258:1274 the incorporation of plasticizers 1258:1290 This study thus shows that the incorporation of plasticizers is an effective method to improve the flexibility of biomimetic composites without deleterious effect on their excellent barrier properties. 25439905 9 37 theme plasticizers 1279:1290 arg1 method 1308:1313 an effective method 1295:1313 an effective method to improve the flexibility of biomimetic composites without deleterious effect on their excellent barrier properties 1295:1430 This study thus shows that the incorporation of plasticizers is an effective method to improve the flexibility of biomimetic composites without deleterious effect on their excellent barrier properties. 25439905 4 38 theme effective 484:492 arg1 liquid 467:472 liquid 467:472 liquid 467:472 It is shown here that an imidazolium-based ionic liquid is a more effective plasticizer for chitosan, in terms of suppression of the glass transition temperature and mechanical properties, than the more commonly used glycerol. 25439905 4 38 theme effective 484:492 arg1 plasticizer 494:504 a more effective plasticizer 477:504 a more effective plasticizer for chitosan 477:517 It is shown here that an imidazolium-based ionic liquid is a more effective plasticizer for chitosan, in terms of suppression of the glass transition temperature and mechanical properties, than the more commonly used glycerol. 25439905 7 39 theme final 989:993 arg1 concentration 995:1007 a very low (∼12%) final concentration 971:1007 a very low (∼12%) final concentration 971:1007 A similar effect on the mechanical properties was observed as for the pure polymer, that is, even at a very low (∼12%) final concentration, the ionic liquid was a better plasticizer than glycerol, being able to double the ductility of the composites. 25439905 1 40 theme Biomimetic 111:120 arg1 composites 122:131 Biomimetic composites 111:131 Biomimetic composites of polymer and clay 111:151 Biomimetic composites of polymer and clay are known to possess high mechanical strength and excellent barrier properties. 25439905 1 40 theme Biomimetic 111:120 arg1 clay 148:151 clay 148:151 clay 148:151 Biomimetic composites of polymer and clay are known to possess high mechanical strength and excellent barrier properties. 25439905 1 40 theme Biomimetic 111:120 arg1 polymer 136:142 polymer 136:142 polymer 136:142 Biomimetic composites of polymer and clay are known to possess high mechanical strength and excellent barrier properties. 25439905 6 41 theme clay 811:814 arg1 clay 811:814 clay 811:814 clay 811:814 Biomimetic composites of chitosan and clay were also prepared containing these two plasticizers. 25439905 6 41 theme clay 811:814 arg1 chitosan 798:805 chitosan 798:805 chitosan 798:805 Biomimetic composites of chitosan and clay were also prepared containing these two plasticizers. 25439905 6 41 theme clay 811:814 arg1 composites 784:793 Biomimetic composites 773:793 Biomimetic composites of chitosan and clay 773:814 Biomimetic composites of chitosan and clay were also prepared containing these two plasticizers. 25439905 9 42 theme effective 1298:1306 arg1 incorporation 1262:1274 the incorporation 1258:1274 the incorporation of plasticizers 1258:1290 This study thus shows that the incorporation of plasticizers is an effective method to improve the flexibility of biomimetic composites without deleterious effect on their excellent barrier properties. 25439905 9 42 theme effective 1298:1306 arg1 method 1308:1313 an effective method 1295:1313 an effective method to improve the flexibility of biomimetic composites without deleterious effect on their excellent barrier properties 1295:1430 This study thus shows that the incorporation of plasticizers is an effective method to improve the flexibility of biomimetic composites without deleterious effect on their excellent barrier properties. 25439905 1 43 theme barrier 213:219 arg1 properties 221:230 excellent barrier properties 203:230 excellent barrier properties 203:230 Biomimetic composites of polymer and clay are known to possess high mechanical strength and excellent barrier properties. 25439905 7 44 theme low 978:980 arg1 concentration 995:1007 a very low (∼12%) final concentration 971:1007 a very low (∼12%) final concentration 971:1007 A similar effect on the mechanical properties was observed as for the pure polymer, that is, even at a very low (∼12%) final concentration, the ionic liquid was a better plasticizer than glycerol, being able to double the ductility of the composites. 25439905 7 45 theme similar 872:878 arg1 effect 880:885 A similar effect 870:885 A similar effect on the mechanical properties 870:914 A similar effect on the mechanical properties was observed as for the pure polymer, that is, even at a very low (∼12%) final concentration, the ionic liquid was a better plasticizer than glycerol, being able to double the ductility of the composites. 25439905 9 46 theme barrier 1413:1419 arg1 properties 1421:1430 their excellent barrier properties 1397:1430 their excellent barrier properties 1397:1430 This study thus shows that the incorporation of plasticizers is an effective method to improve the flexibility of biomimetic composites without deleterious effect on their excellent barrier properties. 25439905 6 47 theme chitosan 798:805 arg1 clay 811:814 clay 811:814 clay 811:814 Biomimetic composites of chitosan and clay were also prepared containing these two plasticizers. 25439905 6 47 theme chitosan 798:805 arg1 chitosan 798:805 chitosan 798:805 chitosan 798:805 Biomimetic composites of chitosan and clay were also prepared containing these two plasticizers. 25439905 6 47 theme chitosan 798:805 arg1 composites 784:793 Biomimetic composites 773:793 Biomimetic composites of chitosan and clay 773:814 Biomimetic composites of chitosan and clay were also prepared containing these two plasticizers. 25439905 9 48 from effect 1387:1392 arg1 properties 1421:1430 their excellent barrier properties 1397:1430 their excellent barrier properties 1397:1430 This study thus shows that the incorporation of plasticizers is an effective method to improve the flexibility of biomimetic composites without deleterious effect on their excellent barrier properties. 25439905 1 49 theme polymer 136:142 arg1 composites 122:131 Biomimetic composites 111:131 Biomimetic composites of polymer and clay 111:151 Biomimetic composites of polymer and clay are known to possess high mechanical strength and excellent barrier properties. 25439905 1 49 theme polymer 136:142 arg1 clay 148:151 clay 148:151 clay 148:151 Biomimetic composites of polymer and clay are known to possess high mechanical strength and excellent barrier properties. 25439905 1 49 theme polymer 136:142 arg1 polymer 136:142 polymer 136:142 polymer 136:142 Biomimetic composites of polymer and clay are known to possess high mechanical strength and excellent barrier properties. 25439905 0 50 theme plasticizers 10:21 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of plasticizers on the barrier and mechanical properties of biomimetic composites of chitosan and clay. 0:109 Effect of plasticizers on the barrier and mechanical properties of biomimetic composites of chitosan and clay. 25439905 4 51 theme mechanical 584:593 arg1 properties 595:604 mechanical properties 584:604 mechanical properties 584:604 It is shown here that an imidazolium-based ionic liquid is a more effective plasticizer for chitosan, in terms of suppression of the glass transition temperature and mechanical properties, than the more commonly used glycerol. 25439905 4 52 theme properties 595:604 arg1 suppression 532:542 suppression 532:542 suppression of the glass transition temperature and mechanical properties 532:604 It is shown here that an imidazolium-based ionic liquid is a more effective plasticizer for chitosan, in terms of suppression of the glass transition temperature and mechanical properties, than the more commonly used glycerol. 26359295 0 0 theme potential 90:98 arg1 alternative 120:130 a potential auricular cartilage alternative 88:130 a potential auricular cartilage alternative 88:130 Platelet-rich plasma gel composited with nondegradable porous polyurethane scaffolds as a potential auricular cartilage alternative. 26359295 7 1 theme higher 1202:1207 arg1 expressions 1215:1225 higher level expressions 1202:1225 higher level expressions of aggrecan and type II collagen gene 1202:1263 The results showed that this method resulted in more even cell distribution and higher cell density, promoted chondrocyte proliferation, induced higher level expressions of aggrecan and type II collagen gene, increased content of newly developed glycosaminoglycans, and produced high-quality cartilaginous tissue. 26359295 5 2 theme abundant 741:748 arg1 carriers 800:807 cell carriers 795:807 cell carriers for in vitro expanded cells 795:835 Platelet-rich plasma contains fibrin and abundant autologous growth factors, which was used as cell carriers for in vitro expanded cells. 26359295 5 2 theme abundant 741:748 arg1 factors 768:774 fibrin and abundant autologous growth factors 730:774 factors 768:774 Platelet-rich plasma contains fibrin and abundant autologous growth factors, which was used as cell carriers for in vitro expanded cells. 26359295 8 3 theme cartilage 1384:1392 arg1 approach 1413:1420 cartilage tissue engineering approach 1384:1420 cartilage tissue engineering approach 1384:1420 This kind of cartilage tissue engineering approach may be a potential promising alternative for external ear reconstruction. 26359295 3 4 theme degradable 355:364 arg1 framework 366:374 degradable framework 355:374 degradable framework 355:374 However, although degradable framework demonstrated excellent initial cosmetic details, it is difficult to maintain the auricular contour over time and the metabolites tended to be harmful to human body. 26359295 5 5 used used 787:790 arg2 carriers 800:807 cell carriers 795:807 cell carriers for in vitro expanded cells 795:835 Platelet-rich plasma contains fibrin and abundant autologous growth factors, which was used as cell carriers for in vitro expanded cells. 26359295 5 5 used used 787:790 arg2 factors 768:774 fibrin and abundant autologous growth factors 730:774 factors 768:774 Platelet-rich plasma contains fibrin and abundant autologous growth factors, which was used as cell carriers for in vitro expanded cells. 26359295 7 6 theme cell 1144:1147 arg1 density 1149:1155 higher cell density 1137:1155 higher cell density 1137:1155 The results showed that this method resulted in more even cell distribution and higher cell density, promoted chondrocyte proliferation, induced higher level expressions of aggrecan and type II collagen gene, increased content of newly developed glycosaminoglycans, and produced high-quality cartilaginous tissue. 26359295 0 7 theme cartilage 110:118 arg1 alternative 120:130 a potential auricular cartilage alternative 88:130 a potential auricular cartilage alternative 88:130 Platelet-rich plasma gel composited with nondegradable porous polyurethane scaffolds as a potential auricular cartilage alternative. 26359295 5 8 theme Platelet-rich 700:712 arg1 plasma 714:719 Platelet-rich plasma 700:719 Platelet-rich plasma 700:719 Platelet-rich plasma contains fibrin and abundant autologous growth factors, which was used as cell carriers for in vitro expanded cells. 26359295 2 9 theme cartilage 311:319 arg1 reconstruction 321:334 auricular cartilage reconstruction 301:334 auricular cartilage reconstruction 301:334 Tissue engineering provides a promising method for auricular cartilage reconstruction. 26359295 0 10 theme auricular 100:108 arg1 alternative 120:130 a potential auricular cartilage alternative 88:130 a potential auricular cartilage alternative 88:130 Platelet-rich plasma gel composited with nondegradable porous polyurethane scaffolds as a potential auricular cartilage alternative. 26359295 3 11 dep difficult 431:439 arg1 maintain 444:451 maintain 444:451 to maintain the auricular contour over time 441:483 However, although degradable framework demonstrated excellent initial cosmetic details, it is difficult to maintain the auricular contour over time and the metabolites tended to be harmful to human body. 26359295 3 11 dep difficult 431:439 arg1 tended 505:510 tended 505:510 tended to be harmful to human body 505:538 However, although degradable framework demonstrated excellent initial cosmetic details, it is difficult to maintain the auricular contour over time and the metabolites tended to be harmful to human body. 26359295 3 11 dep difficult 431:439 arg1 harmful 518:524 harmful 518:524 harmful 518:524 However, although degradable framework demonstrated excellent initial cosmetic details, it is difficult to maintain the auricular contour over time and the metabolites tended to be harmful to human body. 26359295 3 11 dep difficult 431:439 arg1 metabolites 493:503 the metabolites 489:503 the metabolites 489:503 However, although degradable framework demonstrated excellent initial cosmetic details, it is difficult to maintain the auricular contour over time and the metabolites tended to be harmful to human body. 26359295 6 12 theme polyurethane 856:867 arg1 framework 869:877 polyurethane framework 856:877 polyurethane framework 856:877 When crosslinking polyurethane framework, platelet-rich plasma and cells together, we successfully made polyurethane/platelet-rich plasma/cell composites, and implanted them into dorsal subcutaneous space of nude mice. 26359295 2 13 theme auricular 301:309 arg1 reconstruction 321:334 auricular cartilage reconstruction 301:334 auricular cartilage reconstruction 301:334 Tissue engineering provides a promising method for auricular cartilage reconstruction. 26359295 3 14 theme excellent 389:397 arg1 details 416:422 excellent initial cosmetic details 389:422 excellent initial cosmetic details 389:422 However, although degradable framework demonstrated excellent initial cosmetic details, it is difficult to maintain the auricular contour over time and the metabolites tended to be harmful to human body. 26359295 6 15 theme plasma/cell 969:979 arg1 composites 981:990 polyurethane/platelet-rich plasma/cell composites 942:990 polyurethane/platelet-rich plasma/cell composites 942:990 When crosslinking polyurethane framework, platelet-rich plasma and cells together, we successfully made polyurethane/platelet-rich plasma/cell composites, and implanted them into dorsal subcutaneous space of nude mice. 26359295 7 16 theme chondrocyte 1167:1177 arg1 proliferation 1179:1191 chondrocyte proliferation 1167:1191 chondrocyte proliferation 1167:1191 The results showed that this method resulted in more even cell distribution and higher cell density, promoted chondrocyte proliferation, induced higher level expressions of aggrecan and type II collagen gene, increased content of newly developed glycosaminoglycans, and produced high-quality cartilaginous tissue. 26359295 3 17 theme initial 399:405 arg1 details 416:422 excellent initial cosmetic details 389:422 excellent initial cosmetic details 389:422 However, although degradable framework demonstrated excellent initial cosmetic details, it is difficult to maintain the auricular contour over time and the metabolites tended to be harmful to human body. 26359295 6 18 theme polyurethane/platelet-rich 942:967 arg1 composites 981:990 polyurethane/platelet-rich plasma/cell composites 942:990 polyurethane/platelet-rich plasma/cell composites 942:990 When crosslinking polyurethane framework, platelet-rich plasma and cells together, we successfully made polyurethane/platelet-rich plasma/cell composites, and implanted them into dorsal subcutaneous space of nude mice. 26359295 5 19 theme expanded 822:829 arg1 cells 831:835 in vitro expanded cells 813:835 in vitro expanded cells 813:835 Platelet-rich plasma contains fibrin and abundant autologous growth factors, which was used as cell carriers for in vitro expanded cells. 26359295 1 20 theme autologous 190:199 arg1 transplant 211:220 autologous cartilage transplant 190:220 autologous cartilage transplant 190:220 Total auricular reconstruction is still a challenge, and autologous cartilage transplant is the main therapy so far. 26359295 1 20 theme autologous 190:199 arg1 therapy 234:240 the main therapy 225:240 the main therapy 225:240 Total auricular reconstruction is still a challenge, and autologous cartilage transplant is the main therapy so far. 26359295 0 21 theme plasma 14:19 arg1 gel 21:23 Platelet-rich plasma gel 0:23 Platelet-rich plasma gel composited with nondegradable porous polyurethane 0:73 Platelet-rich plasma gel composited with nondegradable porous polyurethane scaffolds as a potential auricular cartilage alternative. 26359295 4 22 theme elastic 593:599 arg1 polyurethane 601:612 biocompatible and safe nondegradable elastic polyurethane 556:612 biocompatible and safe nondegradable elastic polyurethane 556:612 In this study, biocompatible and safe nondegradable elastic polyurethane was used to make porous scaffold in specific details by rapid prototyping technology. 26359295 5 23 dep expanded 822:829 arg1 in vitro 813:820 in vitro 813:820 in vitro 813:820 Platelet-rich plasma contains fibrin and abundant autologous growth factors, which was used as cell carriers for in vitro expanded cells. 26359295 7 24 theme glycosaminoglycans 1303:1320 arg1 content 1276:1282 content 1276:1282 content of newly developed glycosaminoglycans 1276:1320 The results showed that this method resulted in more even cell distribution and higher cell density, promoted chondrocyte proliferation, induced higher level expressions of aggrecan and type II collagen gene, increased content of newly developed glycosaminoglycans, and produced high-quality cartilaginous tissue. 26359295 8 25 theme ear 1476:1478 arg1 reconstruction 1480:1493 external ear reconstruction 1467:1493 external ear reconstruction 1467:1493 This kind of cartilage tissue engineering approach may be a potential promising alternative for external ear reconstruction. 26359295 7 26 theme collagen 1251:1258 arg1 expressions 1215:1225 higher level expressions 1202:1225 higher level expressions of aggrecan and type II collagen gene 1202:1263 The results showed that this method resulted in more even cell distribution and higher cell density, promoted chondrocyte proliferation, induced higher level expressions of aggrecan and type II collagen gene, increased content of newly developed glycosaminoglycans, and produced high-quality cartilaginous tissue. 26359295 1 27 theme cartilage 201:209 arg1 transplant 211:220 autologous cartilage transplant 190:220 autologous cartilage transplant 190:220 Total auricular reconstruction is still a challenge, and autologous cartilage transplant is the main therapy so far. 26359295 1 27 theme cartilage 201:209 arg1 therapy 234:240 the main therapy 225:240 the main therapy 225:240 Total auricular reconstruction is still a challenge, and autologous cartilage transplant is the main therapy so far. 26359295 0 28 theme Platelet-rich 0:12 arg1 gel 21:23 Platelet-rich plasma gel 0:23 Platelet-rich plasma gel composited with nondegradable porous polyurethane 0:73 Platelet-rich plasma gel composited with nondegradable porous polyurethane scaffolds as a potential auricular cartilage alternative. 26359295 4 29 theme nondegradable 579:591 arg1 polyurethane 601:612 biocompatible and safe nondegradable elastic polyurethane 556:612 biocompatible and safe nondegradable elastic polyurethane 556:612 In this study, biocompatible and safe nondegradable elastic polyurethane was used to make porous scaffold in specific details by rapid prototyping technology. 26359295 7 30 theme aggrecan 1230:1237 arg1 expressions 1215:1225 higher level expressions 1202:1225 higher level expressions of aggrecan and type II collagen gene 1202:1263 The results showed that this method resulted in more even cell distribution and higher cell density, promoted chondrocyte proliferation, induced higher level expressions of aggrecan and type II collagen gene, increased content of newly developed glycosaminoglycans, and produced high-quality cartilaginous tissue. 26359295 8 31 theme external 1467:1474 arg1 reconstruction 1480:1493 external ear reconstruction 1467:1493 external ear reconstruction 1467:1493 This kind of cartilage tissue engineering approach may be a potential promising alternative for external ear reconstruction. 26359295 5 32 contain contains 721:728 arg2 carriers 800:807 cell carriers 795:807 cell carriers for in vitro expanded cells 795:835 Platelet-rich plasma contains fibrin and abundant autologous growth factors, which was used as cell carriers for in vitro expanded cells. 26359295 5 32 contain contains 721:728 arg2 factors 768:774 fibrin and abundant autologous growth factors 730:774 factors 768:774 Platelet-rich plasma contains fibrin and abundant autologous growth factors, which was used as cell carriers for in vitro expanded cells. 26359295 5 32 contain contains 721:728 arg1 plasma 714:719 Platelet-rich plasma 700:719 Platelet-rich plasma 700:719 Platelet-rich plasma contains fibrin and abundant autologous growth factors, which was used as cell carriers for in vitro expanded cells. 26359295 7 33 theme type 1243:1246 arg1 collagen 1251:1258 type II collagen 1243:1258 type II collagen 1243:1258 The results showed that this method resulted in more even cell distribution and higher cell density, promoted chondrocyte proliferation, induced higher level expressions of aggrecan and type II collagen gene, increased content of newly developed glycosaminoglycans, and produced high-quality cartilaginous tissue. 26359295 4 34 theme safe 574:577 arg1 polyurethane 601:612 biocompatible and safe nondegradable elastic polyurethane 556:612 biocompatible and safe nondegradable elastic polyurethane 556:612 In this study, biocompatible and safe nondegradable elastic polyurethane was used to make porous scaffold in specific details by rapid prototyping technology. 26359295 5 35 theme autologous 750:759 arg1 carriers 800:807 cell carriers 795:807 cell carriers for in vitro expanded cells 795:835 Platelet-rich plasma contains fibrin and abundant autologous growth factors, which was used as cell carriers for in vitro expanded cells. 26359295 5 35 theme autologous 750:759 arg1 factors 768:774 fibrin and abundant autologous growth factors 730:774 factors 768:774 Platelet-rich plasma contains fibrin and abundant autologous growth factors, which was used as cell carriers for in vitro expanded cells. 26359295 6 36 theme nude 1046:1049 arg1 mice 1051:1054 nude mice 1046:1054 nude mice 1046:1054 When crosslinking polyurethane framework, platelet-rich plasma and cells together, we successfully made polyurethane/platelet-rich plasma/cell composites, and implanted them into dorsal subcutaneous space of nude mice. 26359295 5 37 theme growth 761:766 arg1 carriers 800:807 cell carriers 795:807 cell carriers for in vitro expanded cells 795:835 Platelet-rich plasma contains fibrin and abundant autologous growth factors, which was used as cell carriers for in vitro expanded cells. 26359295 5 37 theme growth 761:766 arg1 factors 768:774 fibrin and abundant autologous growth factors 730:774 factors 768:774 Platelet-rich plasma contains fibrin and abundant autologous growth factors, which was used as cell carriers for in vitro expanded cells. 26359295 7 38 theme even 1110:1113 arg1 distribution 1120:1131 even cell distribution 1110:1131 even cell distribution 1110:1131 The results showed that this method resulted in more even cell distribution and higher cell density, promoted chondrocyte proliferation, induced higher level expressions of aggrecan and type II collagen gene, increased content of newly developed glycosaminoglycans, and produced high-quality cartilaginous tissue. 26359295 0 39 theme nondegradable 41:53 arg1 polyurethane 62:73 nondegradable porous polyurethane 41:73 nondegradable porous polyurethane 41:73 Platelet-rich plasma gel composited with nondegradable porous polyurethane scaffolds as a potential auricular cartilage alternative. 26359295 3 40 theme human 529:533 arg1 body 535:538 human body 529:538 human body 529:538 However, although degradable framework demonstrated excellent initial cosmetic details, it is difficult to maintain the auricular contour over time and the metabolites tended to be harmful to human body. 26359295 7 41 dep aggrecan 1230:1237 arg1 gene 1260:1263 gene 1260:1263 gene 1260:1263 The results showed that this method resulted in more even cell distribution and higher cell density, promoted chondrocyte proliferation, induced higher level expressions of aggrecan and type II collagen gene, increased content of newly developed glycosaminoglycans, and produced high-quality cartilaginous tissue. 26359295 4 42 theme prototyping 676:686 arg1 technology 688:697 rapid prototyping technology 670:697 rapid prototyping technology 670:697 In this study, biocompatible and safe nondegradable elastic polyurethane was used to make porous scaffold in specific details by rapid prototyping technology. 26359295 2 43 theme Tissue 250:255 arg1 engineering 257:267 Tissue engineering 250:267 Tissue engineering 250:267 Tissue engineering provides a promising method for auricular cartilage reconstruction. 26359295 1 44 theme main 229:232 arg1 transplant 211:220 autologous cartilage transplant 190:220 autologous cartilage transplant 190:220 Total auricular reconstruction is still a challenge, and autologous cartilage transplant is the main therapy so far. 26359295 1 44 theme main 229:232 arg1 therapy 234:240 the main therapy 225:240 the main therapy 225:240 Total auricular reconstruction is still a challenge, and autologous cartilage transplant is the main therapy so far. 26359295 3 45 theme auricular 457:465 arg1 contour 467:473 the auricular contour 453:473 the auricular contour 453:473 However, although degradable framework demonstrated excellent initial cosmetic details, it is difficult to maintain the auricular contour over time and the metabolites tended to be harmful to human body. 26359295 7 46 theme higher 1137:1142 arg1 density 1149:1155 higher cell density 1137:1155 higher cell density 1137:1155 The results showed that this method resulted in more even cell distribution and higher cell density, promoted chondrocyte proliferation, induced higher level expressions of aggrecan and type II collagen gene, increased content of newly developed glycosaminoglycans, and produced high-quality cartilaginous tissue. 26359295 8 47 theme approach 1413:1420 arg1 alternative 1451:1461 a potential promising alternative 1429:1461 a potential promising alternative for external ear reconstruction 1429:1493 This kind of cartilage tissue engineering approach may be a potential promising alternative for external ear reconstruction. 26359295 8 47 theme approach 1413:1420 arg1 kind 1376:1379 This kind 1371:1379 This kind of cartilage tissue engineering approach 1371:1420 This kind of cartilage tissue engineering approach may be a potential promising alternative for external ear reconstruction. 26359295 4 48 theme rapid 670:674 arg1 technology 688:697 rapid prototyping technology 670:697 rapid prototyping technology 670:697 In this study, biocompatible and safe nondegradable elastic polyurethane was used to make porous scaffold in specific details by rapid prototyping technology. 26359295 7 49 theme level 1209:1213 arg1 expressions 1215:1225 higher level expressions 1202:1225 higher level expressions of aggrecan and type II collagen gene 1202:1263 The results showed that this method resulted in more even cell distribution and higher cell density, promoted chondrocyte proliferation, induced higher level expressions of aggrecan and type II collagen gene, increased content of newly developed glycosaminoglycans, and produced high-quality cartilaginous tissue. 26359295 3 50 theme cosmetic 407:414 arg1 details 416:422 excellent initial cosmetic details 389:422 excellent initial cosmetic details 389:422 However, although degradable framework demonstrated excellent initial cosmetic details, it is difficult to maintain the auricular contour over time and the metabolites tended to be harmful to human body. 26359295 7 51 theme cell 1115:1118 arg1 distribution 1120:1131 even cell distribution 1110:1131 even cell distribution 1110:1131 The results showed that this method resulted in more even cell distribution and higher cell density, promoted chondrocyte proliferation, induced higher level expressions of aggrecan and type II collagen gene, increased content of newly developed glycosaminoglycans, and produced high-quality cartilaginous tissue. 26359295 6 52 theme mice 1051:1054 arg1 space 1037:1041 dorsal subcutaneous space 1017:1041 dorsal subcutaneous space of nude mice 1017:1054 When crosslinking polyurethane framework, platelet-rich plasma and cells together, we successfully made polyurethane/platelet-rich plasma/cell composites, and implanted them into dorsal subcutaneous space of nude mice. 26359295 1 53 theme Total 133:137 arg1 reconstruction 149:162 Total auricular reconstruction 133:162 Total auricular reconstruction 133:162 Total auricular reconstruction is still a challenge, and autologous cartilage transplant is the main therapy so far. 26359295 1 53 theme Total 133:137 arg1 challenge 175:183 a challenge 173:183 a challenge 173:183 Total auricular reconstruction is still a challenge, and autologous cartilage transplant is the main therapy so far. 26359295 0 54 theme porous 55:60 arg1 polyurethane 62:73 nondegradable porous polyurethane 41:73 nondegradable porous polyurethane 41:73 Platelet-rich plasma gel composited with nondegradable porous polyurethane scaffolds as a potential auricular cartilage alternative. 26359295 6 55 theme dorsal 1017:1022 arg1 space 1037:1041 dorsal subcutaneous space 1017:1041 dorsal subcutaneous space of nude mice 1017:1054 When crosslinking polyurethane framework, platelet-rich plasma and cells together, we successfully made polyurethane/platelet-rich plasma/cell composites, and implanted them into dorsal subcutaneous space of nude mice. 26359295 5 56 theme fibrin 730:735 arg1 carriers 800:807 cell carriers 795:807 cell carriers for in vitro expanded cells 795:835 Platelet-rich plasma contains fibrin and abundant autologous growth factors, which was used as cell carriers for in vitro expanded cells. 26359295 5 56 theme fibrin 730:735 arg1 factors 768:774 fibrin and abundant autologous growth factors 730:774 factors 768:774 Platelet-rich plasma contains fibrin and abundant autologous growth factors, which was used as cell carriers for in vitro expanded cells. 26359295 1 57 theme auricular 139:147 arg1 reconstruction 149:162 Total auricular reconstruction 133:162 Total auricular reconstruction 133:162 Total auricular reconstruction is still a challenge, and autologous cartilage transplant is the main therapy so far. 26359295 1 57 theme auricular 139:147 arg1 challenge 175:183 a challenge 173:183 a challenge 173:183 Total auricular reconstruction is still a challenge, and autologous cartilage transplant is the main therapy so far. 26359295 4 58 theme biocompatible 556:568 arg1 polyurethane 601:612 biocompatible and safe nondegradable elastic polyurethane 556:612 biocompatible and safe nondegradable elastic polyurethane 556:612 In this study, biocompatible and safe nondegradable elastic polyurethane was used to make porous scaffold in specific details by rapid prototyping technology. 26359295 2 59 theme promising 280:288 arg1 method 290:295 a promising method 278:295 a promising method for auricular cartilage reconstruction 278:334 Tissue engineering provides a promising method for auricular cartilage reconstruction. 26359295 8 60 theme engineering 1401:1411 arg1 approach 1413:1420 cartilage tissue engineering approach 1384:1420 cartilage tissue engineering approach 1384:1420 This kind of cartilage tissue engineering approach may be a potential promising alternative for external ear reconstruction. 26359295 4 61 used used 618:621 arg2 polyurethane 601:612 biocompatible and safe nondegradable elastic polyurethane 556:612 biocompatible and safe nondegradable elastic polyurethane 556:612 In this study, biocompatible and safe nondegradable elastic polyurethane was used to make porous scaffold in specific details by rapid prototyping technology. 26359295 8 62 theme promising 1441:1449 arg1 alternative 1451:1461 a potential promising alternative 1429:1461 a potential promising alternative for external ear reconstruction 1429:1493 This kind of cartilage tissue engineering approach may be a potential promising alternative for external ear reconstruction. 26359295 8 62 theme promising 1441:1449 arg1 kind 1376:1379 This kind 1371:1379 This kind of cartilage tissue engineering approach 1371:1420 This kind of cartilage tissue engineering approach may be a potential promising alternative for external ear reconstruction. 26359295 8 63 theme tissue 1394:1399 arg1 approach 1413:1420 cartilage tissue engineering approach 1384:1420 cartilage tissue engineering approach 1384:1420 This kind of cartilage tissue engineering approach may be a potential promising alternative for external ear reconstruction. 26359295 8 64 theme potential 1431:1439 arg1 alternative 1451:1461 a potential promising alternative 1429:1461 a potential promising alternative for external ear reconstruction 1429:1493 This kind of cartilage tissue engineering approach may be a potential promising alternative for external ear reconstruction. 26359295 8 64 theme potential 1431:1439 arg1 kind 1376:1379 This kind 1371:1379 This kind of cartilage tissue engineering approach 1371:1420 This kind of cartilage tissue engineering approach may be a potential promising alternative for external ear reconstruction. 26359295 4 65 theme porous 631:636 arg1 scaffold 638:645 porous scaffold 631:645 porous scaffold 631:645 In this study, biocompatible and safe nondegradable elastic polyurethane was used to make porous scaffold in specific details by rapid prototyping technology. 26359295 5 66 theme cell 795:798 arg1 carriers 800:807 cell carriers 795:807 cell carriers for in vitro expanded cells 795:835 Platelet-rich plasma contains fibrin and abundant autologous growth factors, which was used as cell carriers for in vitro expanded cells. 26359295 5 66 theme cell 795:798 arg1 factors 768:774 fibrin and abundant autologous growth factors 730:774 factors 768:774 Platelet-rich plasma contains fibrin and abundant autologous growth factors, which was used as cell carriers for in vitro expanded cells. 26359295 6 67 theme platelet-rich 880:892 arg1 plasma 894:899 platelet-rich plasma 880:899 platelet-rich plasma 880:899 When crosslinking polyurethane framework, platelet-rich plasma and cells together, we successfully made polyurethane/platelet-rich plasma/cell composites, and implanted them into dorsal subcutaneous space of nude mice. 26359295 7 68 theme high-quality 1336:1347 arg1 tissue 1363:1368 high-quality cartilaginous tissue 1336:1368 high-quality cartilaginous tissue 1336:1368 The results showed that this method resulted in more even cell distribution and higher cell density, promoted chondrocyte proliferation, induced higher level expressions of aggrecan and type II collagen gene, increased content of newly developed glycosaminoglycans, and produced high-quality cartilaginous tissue. 26359295 4 69 theme specific 650:657 arg1 details 659:665 specific details 650:665 specific details by rapid prototyping technology 650:697 In this study, biocompatible and safe nondegradable elastic polyurethane was used to make porous scaffold in specific details by rapid prototyping technology. 26359295 7 70 theme developed 1293:1301 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 1303:1320 newly developed glycosaminoglycans 1287:1320 newly developed glycosaminoglycans 1287:1320 The results showed that this method resulted in more even cell distribution and higher cell density, promoted chondrocyte proliferation, induced higher level expressions of aggrecan and type II collagen gene, increased content of newly developed glycosaminoglycans, and produced high-quality cartilaginous tissue. 26359295 7 71 theme cartilaginous 1349:1361 arg1 tissue 1363:1368 high-quality cartilaginous tissue 1336:1368 high-quality cartilaginous tissue 1336:1368 The results showed that this method resulted in more even cell distribution and higher cell density, promoted chondrocyte proliferation, induced higher level expressions of aggrecan and type II collagen gene, increased content of newly developed glycosaminoglycans, and produced high-quality cartilaginous tissue. 26359295 6 72 theme subcutaneous 1024:1035 arg1 space 1037:1041 dorsal subcutaneous space 1017:1041 dorsal subcutaneous space of nude mice 1017:1054 When crosslinking polyurethane framework, platelet-rich plasma and cells together, we successfully made polyurethane/platelet-rich plasma/cell composites, and implanted them into dorsal subcutaneous space of nude mice. 29247646 4 0 theme peritoneal 589:598 arg1 rpMacs 613:618 rpMacs 613:618 rpMacs 613:618 Resident peritoneal macrophages (rpMacs) of cKO mice exhibited impaired engulfment of apoptotic cells but showed normal macrophage differentiation and counts. 29247646 4 0 theme peritoneal 589:598 arg1 macrophages 600:610 Resident peritoneal macrophages 580:610 Resident peritoneal macrophages (rpMacs) of cKO mice 580:631 Resident peritoneal macrophages (rpMacs) of cKO mice exhibited impaired engulfment of apoptotic cells but showed normal macrophage differentiation and counts. 29247646 5 1 gly O-glycosylated 889:902 arg1 domain 904:909 a heavily O-glycosylated domain 879:909 a heavily O-glycosylated domain 879:909 T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 4 (Tim4) is a phosphatidylserine (PS) receptor expressed on rpMacs and possesses a heavily O-glycosylated domain. 29247646 7 2 from unchanged 999:1007 arg1 rpMacs 1016:1021 cKO rpMacs 1012:1021 cKO rpMacs 1012:1021 Expression of the Tim4 transcript was unchanged in cKO rpMacs, whereas flow cytometric, Western and dot blot analyses revealed that Tim4 protein expression in cKO rpMacs was significantly lower than that in wild-type (WT) rpMacs. 29247646 10 3 theme glycoprotein 1559:1570 arg1 expression 1536:1545 the stable expression 1525:1545 the stable expression of the Tim4 glycoprotein 1525:1570 These results demonstrated that core 1-derived O-glycan is required for Tim4-dependent normal efferocytosis and may contribute to the stable expression of the Tim4 glycoprotein. 29247646 10 4 theme normal 1482:1487 arg1 efferocytosis 1489:1501 Tim4-dependent normal efferocytosis 1467:1501 Tim4-dependent normal efferocytosis 1467:1501 These results demonstrated that core 1-derived O-glycan is required for Tim4-dependent normal efferocytosis and may contribute to the stable expression of the Tim4 glycoprotein. 29247646 0 5 theme peritoneal 86:95 arg1 macrophages 97:107 O-glycan-deficient resident peritoneal macrophages 58:107 O-glycan-deficient resident peritoneal macrophages 58:107 Incomplete clearance of apoptotic cells by core 1-derived O-glycan-deficient resident peritoneal macrophages. 29247646 6 6 theme PS 949:950 arg1 binding 952:958 PS binding 949:958 PS binding 949:958 Tim4 tethers apoptotic cells through PS binding. 29247646 10 7 theme Tim4-dependent 1467:1480 arg1 efferocytosis 1489:1501 Tim4-dependent normal efferocytosis 1467:1501 Tim4-dependent normal efferocytosis 1467:1501 These results demonstrated that core 1-derived O-glycan is required for Tim4-dependent normal efferocytosis and may contribute to the stable expression of the Tim4 glycoprotein. 29247646 8 8 from rpMacs 1304:1309 arg1 normal 1294:1299 normal 1294:1299 normal 1294:1299 Moreover, the expression levels of other efferocytosis-related molecules, Mertk, Itgav and Itgb3, were normal in rpMacs. 29247646 8 8 from rpMacs 1304:1309 arg1 levels 1216:1221 the expression levels 1201:1221 the expression levels of other efferocytosis-related molecules, Mertk, Itgav and Itgb3, 1201:1287 Moreover, the expression levels of other efferocytosis-related molecules, Mertk, Itgav and Itgb3, were normal in rpMacs. 29247646 3 9 theme gross 512:516 arg1 abnormalities 529:541 no gross phenotypic abnormalities 509:541 no gross phenotypic abnormalities 509:541 cKO mice developed normally with no gross phenotypic abnormalities or abnormal peripheral blood counts. 29247646 8 10 theme molecules 1254:1262 arg1 normal 1294:1299 normal 1294:1299 normal 1294:1299 Moreover, the expression levels of other efferocytosis-related molecules, Mertk, Itgav and Itgb3, were normal in rpMacs. 29247646 8 10 theme molecules 1254:1262 arg1 levels 1216:1221 the expression levels 1201:1221 the expression levels of other efferocytosis-related molecules, Mertk, Itgav and Itgb3, 1201:1287 Moreover, the expression levels of other efferocytosis-related molecules, Mertk, Itgav and Itgb3, were normal in rpMacs. 29247646 5 11 theme mucin 765:769 arg1 molecule 789:796 T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 4 739:798 molecule 789:796 T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 4 (Tim4) is a phosphatidylserine (PS) receptor expressed on rpMacs and possesses a heavily O-glycosylated domain. 29247646 5 11 theme mucin 765:769 arg1 receptor 836:843 a phosphatidylserine (PS) receptor 810:843 a phosphatidylserine (PS) receptor expressed on rpMacs 810:863 T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 4 (Tim4) is a phosphatidylserine (PS) receptor expressed on rpMacs and possesses a heavily O-glycosylated domain. 29247646 5 11 theme mucin 765:769 arg1 immunoglobulin 746:759 T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 4 739:798 immunoglobulin 746:759 T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 4 (Tim4) is a phosphatidylserine (PS) receptor expressed on rpMacs and possesses a heavily O-glycosylated domain. 29247646 7 12 theme Tim4 979:982 arg1 transcript 984:993 the Tim4 transcript 975:993 the Tim4 transcript 975:993 Expression of the Tim4 transcript was unchanged in cKO rpMacs, whereas flow cytometric, Western and dot blot analyses revealed that Tim4 protein expression in cKO rpMacs was significantly lower than that in wild-type (WT) rpMacs. 29247646 8 13 from normal 1294:1299 arg1 rpMacs 1304:1309 rpMacs 1304:1309 rpMacs 1304:1309 Moreover, the expression levels of other efferocytosis-related molecules, Mertk, Itgav and Itgb3, were normal in rpMacs. 29247646 2 14 theme 1-derived 306:314 arg1 O-glycans 316:324 core 1-derived O-glycans 301:324 core 1-derived O-glycans 301:324 To clarify the physiological role of core 1-derived O-glycans in macrophages, we exploited the LysM-Cre transgene to generate a conditional Cosmc mutant allele (conditional Cosmc knockout; cKO) in myeloid cells. 29247646 9 15 gly hypoglycosylated 1325:1340 arg1 protein 1359:1365 hypoglycosylated Tim4-FLAG fusion protein 1325:1365 hypoglycosylated Tim4-FLAG fusion protein 1325:1365 In addition, hypoglycosylated Tim4-FLAG fusion protein sufficiently recognized PS. 29247646 5 16 theme domain-containing 771:787 arg1 molecule 789:796 T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 4 739:798 molecule 789:796 T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 4 (Tim4) is a phosphatidylserine (PS) receptor expressed on rpMacs and possesses a heavily O-glycosylated domain. 29247646 5 16 theme domain-containing 771:787 arg1 receptor 836:843 a phosphatidylserine (PS) receptor 810:843 a phosphatidylserine (PS) receptor expressed on rpMacs 810:863 T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 4 (Tim4) is a phosphatidylserine (PS) receptor expressed on rpMacs and possesses a heavily O-glycosylated domain. 29247646 5 16 theme domain-containing 771:787 arg1 immunoglobulin 746:759 T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 4 739:798 immunoglobulin 746:759 T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 4 (Tim4) is a phosphatidylserine (PS) receptor expressed on rpMacs and possesses a heavily O-glycosylated domain. 29247646 4 17 theme impaired 643:650 arg1 engulfment 652:661 impaired engulfment 643:661 impaired engulfment of apoptotic cells 643:680 Resident peritoneal macrophages (rpMacs) of cKO mice exhibited impaired engulfment of apoptotic cells but showed normal macrophage differentiation and counts. 29247646 3 18 theme blood 566:570 arg1 counts 572:577 abnormal peripheral blood counts 546:577 abnormal peripheral blood counts 546:577 cKO mice developed normally with no gross phenotypic abnormalities or abnormal peripheral blood counts. 29247646 7 19 theme transcript 984:993 arg1 Expression 961:970 Expression 961:970 Expression of the Tim4 transcript 961:993 Expression of the Tim4 transcript was unchanged in cKO rpMacs, whereas flow cytometric, Western and dot blot analyses revealed that Tim4 protein expression in cKO rpMacs was significantly lower than that in wild-type (WT) rpMacs. 29247646 2 20 theme core 301:304 arg1 O-glycans 316:324 core 1-derived O-glycans 301:324 core 1-derived O-glycans 301:324 To clarify the physiological role of core 1-derived O-glycans in macrophages, we exploited the LysM-Cre transgene to generate a conditional Cosmc mutant allele (conditional Cosmc knockout; cKO) in myeloid cells. 29247646 2 21 theme LysM-Cre 359:366 arg1 transgene 368:376 the LysM-Cre transgene 355:376 the LysM-Cre transgene 355:376 To clarify the physiological role of core 1-derived O-glycans in macrophages, we exploited the LysM-Cre transgene to generate a conditional Cosmc mutant allele (conditional Cosmc knockout; cKO) in myeloid cells. 29247646 7 22 theme cKO 1120:1122 arg1 rpMacs 1124:1129 cKO rpMacs 1120:1129 cKO rpMacs 1120:1129 Expression of the Tim4 transcript was unchanged in cKO rpMacs, whereas flow cytometric, Western and dot blot analyses revealed that Tim4 protein expression in cKO rpMacs was significantly lower than that in wild-type (WT) rpMacs. 29247646 3 23 theme cKO 476:478 arg1 mice 480:483 cKO mice 476:483 cKO mice 476:483 cKO mice developed normally with no gross phenotypic abnormalities or abnormal peripheral blood counts. 29247646 9 24 theme hypoglycosylated 1325:1340 arg1 protein 1359:1365 hypoglycosylated Tim4-FLAG fusion protein 1325:1365 hypoglycosylated Tim4-FLAG fusion protein 1325:1365 In addition, hypoglycosylated Tim4-FLAG fusion protein sufficiently recognized PS. 29247646 4 25 theme normal 693:698 arg1 differentiation 711:725 normal macrophage differentiation 693:725 normal macrophage differentiation 693:725 Resident peritoneal macrophages (rpMacs) of cKO mice exhibited impaired engulfment of apoptotic cells but showed normal macrophage differentiation and counts. 29247646 8 26 theme other 1226:1230 arg1 Mertk 1265:1269 Mertk 1265:1269 Mertk 1265:1269 Moreover, the expression levels of other efferocytosis-related molecules, Mertk, Itgav and Itgb3, were normal in rpMacs. 29247646 8 26 theme other 1226:1230 arg1 molecules 1254:1262 other efferocytosis-related molecules 1226:1262 other efferocytosis-related molecules 1226:1262 Moreover, the expression levels of other efferocytosis-related molecules, Mertk, Itgav and Itgb3, were normal in rpMacs. 29247646 8 26 theme other 1226:1230 arg1 Itgb3 1282:1286 Itgb3 1282:1286 Itgb3 1282:1286 Moreover, the expression levels of other efferocytosis-related molecules, Mertk, Itgav and Itgb3, were normal in rpMacs. 29247646 8 26 theme other 1226:1230 arg1 Itgav 1272:1276 Itgav 1272:1276 Itgav 1272:1276 Moreover, the expression levels of other efferocytosis-related molecules, Mertk, Itgav and Itgb3, were normal in rpMacs. 29247646 10 27 link 1-derived 1432:1440 arg1 O-glycan 1442:1449 core 1-derived O-glycan 1427:1449 core 1-derived O-glycan 1427:1449 These results demonstrated that core 1-derived O-glycan is required for Tim4-dependent normal efferocytosis and may contribute to the stable expression of the Tim4 glycoprotein. 29247646 7 28 theme protein 1098:1104 arg1 expression 1106:1115 Tim4 protein expression 1093:1115 Tim4 protein expression in cKO rpMacs 1093:1129 Expression of the Tim4 transcript was unchanged in cKO rpMacs, whereas flow cytometric, Western and dot blot analyses revealed that Tim4 protein expression in cKO rpMacs was significantly lower than that in wild-type (WT) rpMacs. 29247646 3 29 theme abnormal 546:553 arg1 counts 572:577 abnormal peripheral blood counts 546:577 abnormal peripheral blood counts 546:577 cKO mice developed normally with no gross phenotypic abnormalities or abnormal peripheral blood counts. 29247646 2 30 theme mutant 410:415 arg1 allele 417:422 a conditional Cosmc mutant allele 390:422 a conditional Cosmc mutant allele (conditional Cosmc knockout; cKO) 390:456 To clarify the physiological role of core 1-derived O-glycans in macrophages, we exploited the LysM-Cre transgene to generate a conditional Cosmc mutant allele (conditional Cosmc knockout; cKO) in myeloid cells. 29247646 7 31 dep wild-type 1168:1176 arg1 WT 1179:1180 WT 1179:1180 WT 1179:1180 Expression of the Tim4 transcript was unchanged in cKO rpMacs, whereas flow cytometric, Western and dot blot analyses revealed that Tim4 protein expression in cKO rpMacs was significantly lower than that in wild-type (WT) rpMacs. 29247646 5 32 contain possesses 869:877 arg1 molecule 789:796 T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 4 739:798 molecule 789:796 T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 4 (Tim4) is a phosphatidylserine (PS) receptor expressed on rpMacs and possesses a heavily O-glycosylated domain. 29247646 5 32 contain possesses 869:877 arg1 receptor 836:843 a phosphatidylserine (PS) receptor 810:843 a phosphatidylserine (PS) receptor expressed on rpMacs 810:863 T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 4 (Tim4) is a phosphatidylserine (PS) receptor expressed on rpMacs and possesses a heavily O-glycosylated domain. 29247646 5 32 contain possesses 869:877 arg2 domain 904:909 a heavily O-glycosylated domain 879:909 a heavily O-glycosylated domain 879:909 T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 4 (Tim4) is a phosphatidylserine (PS) receptor expressed on rpMacs and possesses a heavily O-glycosylated domain. 29247646 5 32 contain possesses 869:877 arg1 immunoglobulin 746:759 T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 4 739:798 immunoglobulin 746:759 T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 4 (Tim4) is a phosphatidylserine (PS) receptor expressed on rpMacs and possesses a heavily O-glycosylated domain. 29247646 5 32 contain possesses 869:877 arg1 Tim4 801:804 Tim4 801:804 Tim4 801:804 T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 4 (Tim4) is a phosphatidylserine (PS) receptor expressed on rpMacs and possesses a heavily O-glycosylated domain. 29247646 6 33 theme apoptotic 925:933 arg1 cells 935:939 apoptotic cells 925:939 apoptotic cells 925:939 Tim4 tethers apoptotic cells through PS binding. 29247646 2 34 theme Cosmc 404:408 arg1 allele 417:422 a conditional Cosmc mutant allele 390:422 a conditional Cosmc mutant allele (conditional Cosmc knockout; cKO) 390:456 To clarify the physiological role of core 1-derived O-glycans in macrophages, we exploited the LysM-Cre transgene to generate a conditional Cosmc mutant allele (conditional Cosmc knockout; cKO) in myeloid cells. 29247646 0 35 theme Incomplete 0:9 arg1 clearance 11:19 Incomplete clearance 0:19 Incomplete clearance of apoptotic cells by core 0:46 Incomplete clearance of apoptotic cells by core 1-derived O-glycan-deficient resident peritoneal macrophages. 29247646 7 36 from expression 1106:1115 arg1 rpMacs 1124:1129 cKO rpMacs 1120:1129 cKO rpMacs 1120:1129 Expression of the Tim4 transcript was unchanged in cKO rpMacs, whereas flow cytometric, Western and dot blot analyses revealed that Tim4 protein expression in cKO rpMacs was significantly lower than that in wild-type (WT) rpMacs. 29247646 10 37 theme Tim4 1554:1557 arg1 glycoprotein 1559:1570 the Tim4 glycoprotein 1550:1570 the Tim4 glycoprotein 1550:1570 These results demonstrated that core 1-derived O-glycan is required for Tim4-dependent normal efferocytosis and may contribute to the stable expression of the Tim4 glycoprotein. 29247646 5 38 theme O-glycosylated 889:902 arg1 domain 904:909 a heavily O-glycosylated domain 879:909 a heavily O-glycosylated domain 879:909 T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 4 (Tim4) is a phosphatidylserine (PS) receptor expressed on rpMacs and possesses a heavily O-glycosylated domain. 29247646 2 39 theme conditional 392:402 arg1 allele 417:422 a conditional Cosmc mutant allele 390:422 a conditional Cosmc mutant allele (conditional Cosmc knockout; cKO) 390:456 To clarify the physiological role of core 1-derived O-glycans in macrophages, we exploited the LysM-Cre transgene to generate a conditional Cosmc mutant allele (conditional Cosmc knockout; cKO) in myeloid cells. 29247646 0 40 theme apoptotic 24:32 arg1 cells 34:38 apoptotic cells 24:38 apoptotic cells 24:38 Incomplete clearance of apoptotic cells by core 1-derived O-glycan-deficient resident peritoneal macrophages. 29247646 9 41 theme Tim4-FLAG 1342:1350 arg1 protein 1359:1365 hypoglycosylated Tim4-FLAG fusion protein 1325:1365 hypoglycosylated Tim4-FLAG fusion protein 1325:1365 In addition, hypoglycosylated Tim4-FLAG fusion protein sufficiently recognized PS. 29247646 7 42 theme Tim4 1093:1096 arg1 expression 1106:1115 Tim4 protein expression 1093:1115 Tim4 protein expression in cKO rpMacs 1093:1129 Expression of the Tim4 transcript was unchanged in cKO rpMacs, whereas flow cytometric, Western and dot blot analyses revealed that Tim4 protein expression in cKO rpMacs was significantly lower than that in wild-type (WT) rpMacs. 29247646 10 43 theme core 1427:1430 arg1 O-glycan 1442:1449 core 1-derived O-glycan 1427:1449 core 1-derived O-glycan 1427:1449 These results demonstrated that core 1-derived O-glycan is required for Tim4-dependent normal efferocytosis and may contribute to the stable expression of the Tim4 glycoprotein. 29247646 1 44 theme core 114:117 arg1 chaperon 167:174 The core 1 β1,3-galactosyltransferase-specific molecular chaperon 110:174 The core 1 β1,3-galactosyltransferase-specific molecular chaperon (Cosmc) 110:182 The core 1 β1,3-galactosyltransferase-specific molecular chaperon (Cosmc) is essential for the synthesis of the core 1 structure of mucin-type O-glycans. 29247646 1 44 theme core 114:117 arg1 Cosmc 177:181 Cosmc 177:181 Cosmc 177:181 The core 1 β1,3-galactosyltransferase-specific molecular chaperon (Cosmc) is essential for the synthesis of the core 1 structure of mucin-type O-glycans. 29247646 1 44 theme core 114:117 arg1 essential 187:195 essential 187:195 essential 187:195 The core 1 β1,3-galactosyltransferase-specific molecular chaperon (Cosmc) is essential for the synthesis of the core 1 structure of mucin-type O-glycans. 29247646 2 45 link 1-derived 306:314 arg1 O-glycans 316:324 core 1-derived O-glycans 301:324 core 1-derived O-glycans 301:324 To clarify the physiological role of core 1-derived O-glycans in macrophages, we exploited the LysM-Cre transgene to generate a conditional Cosmc mutant allele (conditional Cosmc knockout; cKO) in myeloid cells. 29247646 5 46 theme T-cell 739:744 arg1 molecule 789:796 T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 4 739:798 molecule 789:796 T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 4 (Tim4) is a phosphatidylserine (PS) receptor expressed on rpMacs and possesses a heavily O-glycosylated domain. 29247646 5 46 theme T-cell 739:744 arg1 receptor 836:843 a phosphatidylserine (PS) receptor 810:843 a phosphatidylserine (PS) receptor expressed on rpMacs 810:863 T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 4 (Tim4) is a phosphatidylserine (PS) receptor expressed on rpMacs and possesses a heavily O-glycosylated domain. 29247646 5 46 theme T-cell 739:744 arg1 immunoglobulin 746:759 T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 4 739:798 immunoglobulin 746:759 T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 4 (Tim4) is a phosphatidylserine (PS) receptor expressed on rpMacs and possesses a heavily O-glycosylated domain. 29247646 5 46 theme T-cell 739:744 arg1 Tim4 801:804 Tim4 801:804 Tim4 801:804 T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 4 (Tim4) is a phosphatidylserine (PS) receptor expressed on rpMacs and possesses a heavily O-glycosylated domain. 29247646 2 47 theme O-glycans 316:324 arg1 role 293:296 the physiological role 275:296 the physiological role of core 1-derived O-glycans in macrophages 275:339 To clarify the physiological role of core 1-derived O-glycans in macrophages, we exploited the LysM-Cre transgene to generate a conditional Cosmc mutant allele (conditional Cosmc knockout; cKO) in myeloid cells. 29247646 1 48 theme core 222:225 arg1 structure 229:237 the core 1 structure 218:237 the core 1 structure of mucin-type O-glycans 218:261 The core 1 β1,3-galactosyltransferase-specific molecular chaperon (Cosmc) is essential for the synthesis of the core 1 structure of mucin-type O-glycans. 29247646 7 49 theme wild-type 1168:1176 arg1 rpMacs 1183:1188 wild-type (WT) rpMacs 1168:1188 wild-type (WT) rpMacs 1168:1188 Expression of the Tim4 transcript was unchanged in cKO rpMacs, whereas flow cytometric, Western and dot blot analyses revealed that Tim4 protein expression in cKO rpMacs was significantly lower than that in wild-type (WT) rpMacs. 29247646 4 50 theme Resident 580:587 arg1 rpMacs 613:618 rpMacs 613:618 rpMacs 613:618 Resident peritoneal macrophages (rpMacs) of cKO mice exhibited impaired engulfment of apoptotic cells but showed normal macrophage differentiation and counts. 29247646 4 50 theme Resident 580:587 arg1 macrophages 600:610 Resident peritoneal macrophages 580:610 Resident peritoneal macrophages (rpMacs) of cKO mice 580:631 Resident peritoneal macrophages (rpMacs) of cKO mice exhibited impaired engulfment of apoptotic cells but showed normal macrophage differentiation and counts. 29247646 4 51 theme apoptotic 666:674 arg1 cells 676:680 apoptotic cells 666:680 apoptotic cells 666:680 Resident peritoneal macrophages (rpMacs) of cKO mice exhibited impaired engulfment of apoptotic cells but showed normal macrophage differentiation and counts. 29247646 0 52 theme cells 34:38 arg1 clearance 11:19 Incomplete clearance 0:19 Incomplete clearance of apoptotic cells by core 0:46 Incomplete clearance of apoptotic cells by core 1-derived O-glycan-deficient resident peritoneal macrophages. 29247646 5 53 theme phosphatidylserine 812:829 arg1 molecule 789:796 T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 4 739:798 molecule 789:796 T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 4 (Tim4) is a phosphatidylserine (PS) receptor expressed on rpMacs and possesses a heavily O-glycosylated domain. 29247646 5 53 theme phosphatidylserine 812:829 arg1 receptor 836:843 a phosphatidylserine (PS) receptor 810:843 a phosphatidylserine (PS) receptor expressed on rpMacs 810:863 T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 4 (Tim4) is a phosphatidylserine (PS) receptor expressed on rpMacs and possesses a heavily O-glycosylated domain. 29247646 5 53 theme phosphatidylserine 812:829 arg1 immunoglobulin 746:759 T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 4 739:798 immunoglobulin 746:759 T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 4 (Tim4) is a phosphatidylserine (PS) receptor expressed on rpMacs and possesses a heavily O-glycosylated domain. 29247646 8 54 theme expression 1205:1214 arg1 normal 1294:1299 normal 1294:1299 normal 1294:1299 Moreover, the expression levels of other efferocytosis-related molecules, Mertk, Itgav and Itgb3, were normal in rpMacs. 29247646 8 54 theme expression 1205:1214 arg1 levels 1216:1221 the expression levels 1201:1221 the expression levels of other efferocytosis-related molecules, Mertk, Itgav and Itgb3, 1201:1287 Moreover, the expression levels of other efferocytosis-related molecules, Mertk, Itgav and Itgb3, were normal in rpMacs. 29247646 1 55 theme structure 229:237 arg1 synthesis 205:213 the synthesis 201:213 the synthesis of the core 1 structure of mucin-type O-glycans 201:261 The core 1 β1,3-galactosyltransferase-specific molecular chaperon (Cosmc) is essential for the synthesis of the core 1 structure of mucin-type O-glycans. 29247646 8 56 theme efferocytosis-related 1232:1252 arg1 Mertk 1265:1269 Mertk 1265:1269 Mertk 1265:1269 Moreover, the expression levels of other efferocytosis-related molecules, Mertk, Itgav and Itgb3, were normal in rpMacs. 29247646 8 56 theme efferocytosis-related 1232:1252 arg1 molecules 1254:1262 other efferocytosis-related molecules 1226:1262 other efferocytosis-related molecules 1226:1262 Moreover, the expression levels of other efferocytosis-related molecules, Mertk, Itgav and Itgb3, were normal in rpMacs. 29247646 8 56 theme efferocytosis-related 1232:1252 arg1 Itgb3 1282:1286 Itgb3 1282:1286 Itgb3 1282:1286 Moreover, the expression levels of other efferocytosis-related molecules, Mertk, Itgav and Itgb3, were normal in rpMacs. 29247646 8 56 theme efferocytosis-related 1232:1252 arg1 Itgav 1272:1276 Itgav 1272:1276 Itgav 1272:1276 Moreover, the expression levels of other efferocytosis-related molecules, Mertk, Itgav and Itgb3, were normal in rpMacs. 29247646 7 57 theme blot 1065:1068 arg1 analyses 1070:1077 flow cytometric, Western and dot blot analyses 1032:1077 analyses 1070:1077 Expression of the Tim4 transcript was unchanged in cKO rpMacs, whereas flow cytometric, Western and dot blot analyses revealed that Tim4 protein expression in cKO rpMacs was significantly lower than that in wild-type (WT) rpMacs. 29247646 2 58 dep knockout 443:450 arg1 cKO 453:455 cKO 453:455 conditional Cosmc knockout; cKO 425:455 To clarify the physiological role of core 1-derived O-glycans in macrophages, we exploited the LysM-Cre transgene to generate a conditional Cosmc mutant allele (conditional Cosmc knockout; cKO) in myeloid cells. 29247646 7 59 theme Western 1049:1055 arg1 analyses 1070:1077 flow cytometric, Western and dot blot analyses 1032:1077 analyses 1070:1077 Expression of the Tim4 transcript was unchanged in cKO rpMacs, whereas flow cytometric, Western and dot blot analyses revealed that Tim4 protein expression in cKO rpMacs was significantly lower than that in wild-type (WT) rpMacs. 29247646 1 60 theme β1,3-galactosyltransferase-specific 121:155 arg1 chaperon 167:174 The core 1 β1,3-galactosyltransferase-specific molecular chaperon 110:174 The core 1 β1,3-galactosyltransferase-specific molecular chaperon (Cosmc) 110:182 The core 1 β1,3-galactosyltransferase-specific molecular chaperon (Cosmc) is essential for the synthesis of the core 1 structure of mucin-type O-glycans. 29247646 1 60 theme β1,3-galactosyltransferase-specific 121:155 arg1 Cosmc 177:181 Cosmc 177:181 Cosmc 177:181 The core 1 β1,3-galactosyltransferase-specific molecular chaperon (Cosmc) is essential for the synthesis of the core 1 structure of mucin-type O-glycans. 29247646 1 60 theme β1,3-galactosyltransferase-specific 121:155 arg1 essential 187:195 essential 187:195 essential 187:195 The core 1 β1,3-galactosyltransferase-specific molecular chaperon (Cosmc) is essential for the synthesis of the core 1 structure of mucin-type O-glycans. 29247646 2 61 theme myeloid 461:467 arg1 cells 469:473 myeloid cells 461:473 myeloid cells 461:473 To clarify the physiological role of core 1-derived O-glycans in macrophages, we exploited the LysM-Cre transgene to generate a conditional Cosmc mutant allele (conditional Cosmc knockout; cKO) in myeloid cells. 29247646 7 62 from rpMacs 1016:1021 arg1 unchanged 999:1007 unchanged 999:1007 unchanged 999:1007 Expression of the Tim4 transcript was unchanged in cKO rpMacs, whereas flow cytometric, Western and dot blot analyses revealed that Tim4 protein expression in cKO rpMacs was significantly lower than that in wild-type (WT) rpMacs. 29247646 10 63 theme 1-derived 1432:1440 arg1 O-glycan 1442:1449 core 1-derived O-glycan 1427:1449 core 1-derived O-glycan 1427:1449 These results demonstrated that core 1-derived O-glycan is required for Tim4-dependent normal efferocytosis and may contribute to the stable expression of the Tim4 glycoprotein. 29247646 10 64 gly glycoprotein 1559:1570 arg1 glycoprotein 1559:1570 the Tim4 glycoprotein 1550:1570 the Tim4 glycoprotein 1550:1570 These results demonstrated that core 1-derived O-glycan is required for Tim4-dependent normal efferocytosis and may contribute to the stable expression of the Tim4 glycoprotein. 29247646 1 65 theme molecular 157:165 arg1 chaperon 167:174 The core 1 β1,3-galactosyltransferase-specific molecular chaperon 110:174 The core 1 β1,3-galactosyltransferase-specific molecular chaperon (Cosmc) 110:182 The core 1 β1,3-galactosyltransferase-specific molecular chaperon (Cosmc) is essential for the synthesis of the core 1 structure of mucin-type O-glycans. 29247646 1 65 theme molecular 157:165 arg1 Cosmc 177:181 Cosmc 177:181 Cosmc 177:181 The core 1 β1,3-galactosyltransferase-specific molecular chaperon (Cosmc) is essential for the synthesis of the core 1 structure of mucin-type O-glycans. 29247646 1 65 theme molecular 157:165 arg1 essential 187:195 essential 187:195 essential 187:195 The core 1 β1,3-galactosyltransferase-specific molecular chaperon (Cosmc) is essential for the synthesis of the core 1 structure of mucin-type O-glycans. 29247646 9 66 theme fusion 1352:1357 arg1 protein 1359:1365 hypoglycosylated Tim4-FLAG fusion protein 1325:1365 hypoglycosylated Tim4-FLAG fusion protein 1325:1365 In addition, hypoglycosylated Tim4-FLAG fusion protein sufficiently recognized PS. 29247646 2 67 theme physiological 279:291 arg1 role 293:296 the physiological role 275:296 the physiological role of core 1-derived O-glycans in macrophages 275:339 To clarify the physiological role of core 1-derived O-glycans in macrophages, we exploited the LysM-Cre transgene to generate a conditional Cosmc mutant allele (conditional Cosmc knockout; cKO) in myeloid cells. 29247646 7 68 theme cytometric 1037:1046 arg1 analyses 1070:1077 flow cytometric, Western and dot blot analyses 1032:1077 analyses 1070:1077 Expression of the Tim4 transcript was unchanged in cKO rpMacs, whereas flow cytometric, Western and dot blot analyses revealed that Tim4 protein expression in cKO rpMacs was significantly lower than that in wild-type (WT) rpMacs. 29247646 10 69 theme stable 1529:1534 arg1 expression 1536:1545 the stable expression 1525:1545 the stable expression of the Tim4 glycoprotein 1525:1570 These results demonstrated that core 1-derived O-glycan is required for Tim4-dependent normal efferocytosis and may contribute to the stable expression of the Tim4 glycoprotein. 29247646 2 70 from role 293:296 arg1 macrophages 329:339 macrophages 329:339 macrophages 329:339 To clarify the physiological role of core 1-derived O-glycans in macrophages, we exploited the LysM-Cre transgene to generate a conditional Cosmc mutant allele (conditional Cosmc knockout; cKO) in myeloid cells. 29247646 4 71 theme cKO 624:626 arg1 mice 628:631 cKO mice 624:631 cKO mice 624:631 Resident peritoneal macrophages (rpMacs) of cKO mice exhibited impaired engulfment of apoptotic cells but showed normal macrophage differentiation and counts. 29247646 7 72 theme dot 1061:1063 arg1 analyses 1070:1077 flow cytometric, Western and dot blot analyses 1032:1077 analyses 1070:1077 Expression of the Tim4 transcript was unchanged in cKO rpMacs, whereas flow cytometric, Western and dot blot analyses revealed that Tim4 protein expression in cKO rpMacs was significantly lower than that in wild-type (WT) rpMacs. 29247646 3 73 theme peripheral 555:564 arg1 counts 572:577 abnormal peripheral blood counts 546:577 abnormal peripheral blood counts 546:577 cKO mice developed normally with no gross phenotypic abnormalities or abnormal peripheral blood counts. 29247646 7 74 dep unchanged 999:1007 arg1 whereas 1024:1030 whereas 1024:1030 whereas 1024:1030 Expression of the Tim4 transcript was unchanged in cKO rpMacs, whereas flow cytometric, Western and dot blot analyses revealed that Tim4 protein expression in cKO rpMacs was significantly lower than that in wild-type (WT) rpMacs. 29247646 1 75 theme mucin-type 242:251 arg1 O-glycans 253:261 mucin-type O-glycans 242:261 mucin-type O-glycans 242:261 The core 1 β1,3-galactosyltransferase-specific molecular chaperon (Cosmc) is essential for the synthesis of the core 1 structure of mucin-type O-glycans. 29247646 0 76 theme resident 77:84 arg1 macrophages 97:107 O-glycan-deficient resident peritoneal macrophages 58:107 O-glycan-deficient resident peritoneal macrophages 58:107 Incomplete clearance of apoptotic cells by core 1-derived O-glycan-deficient resident peritoneal macrophages. 29247646 2 77 dep allele 417:422 arg1 knockout 443:450 knockout 443:450 knockout 443:450 To clarify the physiological role of core 1-derived O-glycans in macrophages, we exploited the LysM-Cre transgene to generate a conditional Cosmc mutant allele (conditional Cosmc knockout; cKO) in myeloid cells. 29247646 3 78 theme phenotypic 518:527 arg1 abnormalities 529:541 no gross phenotypic abnormalities 509:541 no gross phenotypic abnormalities 509:541 cKO mice developed normally with no gross phenotypic abnormalities or abnormal peripheral blood counts. 29247646 4 79 theme cells 676:680 arg1 engulfment 652:661 impaired engulfment 643:661 impaired engulfment of apoptotic cells 643:680 Resident peritoneal macrophages (rpMacs) of cKO mice exhibited impaired engulfment of apoptotic cells but showed normal macrophage differentiation and counts. 29247646 1 80 theme O-glycans 253:261 arg1 structure 229:237 the core 1 structure 218:237 the core 1 structure of mucin-type O-glycans 218:261 The core 1 β1,3-galactosyltransferase-specific molecular chaperon (Cosmc) is essential for the synthesis of the core 1 structure of mucin-type O-glycans. 29247646 0 81 theme O-glycan-deficient 58:75 arg1 macrophages 97:107 O-glycan-deficient resident peritoneal macrophages 58:107 O-glycan-deficient resident peritoneal macrophages 58:107 Incomplete clearance of apoptotic cells by core 1-derived O-glycan-deficient resident peritoneal macrophages. 29247646 7 82 theme cKO 1012:1014 arg1 rpMacs 1016:1021 cKO rpMacs 1012:1021 cKO rpMacs 1012:1021 Expression of the Tim4 transcript was unchanged in cKO rpMacs, whereas flow cytometric, Western and dot blot analyses revealed that Tim4 protein expression in cKO rpMacs was significantly lower than that in wild-type (WT) rpMacs. 29247646 4 83 theme macrophage 700:709 arg1 differentiation 711:725 normal macrophage differentiation 693:725 normal macrophage differentiation 693:725 Resident peritoneal macrophages (rpMacs) of cKO mice exhibited impaired engulfment of apoptotic cells but showed normal macrophage differentiation and counts. 29247646 4 84 theme mice 628:631 arg1 rpMacs 613:618 rpMacs 613:618 rpMacs 613:618 Resident peritoneal macrophages (rpMacs) of cKO mice exhibited impaired engulfment of apoptotic cells but showed normal macrophage differentiation and counts. 29247646 4 84 theme mice 628:631 arg1 macrophages 600:610 Resident peritoneal macrophages 580:610 Resident peritoneal macrophages (rpMacs) of cKO mice 580:631 Resident peritoneal macrophages (rpMacs) of cKO mice exhibited impaired engulfment of apoptotic cells but showed normal macrophage differentiation and counts. 26876844 0 0 theme fuel 80:83 arg1 applications 90:101 fuel cell applications 80:101 fuel cell applications 80:101 Chitin nanowhisker-supported sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) proton exchange for fuel cell applications. 26876844 5 1 theme Thermal 678:684 arg1 stability 686:694 Thermal stability 678:694 Thermal stability 678:694 Thermal stability, mechanical properties, water uptake and proton conductivity of the nanocomposite films were improved from those of the pure SPES film with increasing whisker content, which ascribed to strong interactions between whiskers and between SPES molecules and chitin whiskers via hydrogen bonding. 26876844 2 2 from oxidation 446:454 arg1 shells 478:483 crab shells 473:483 crab shells 473:483 The as-prepared chitin whiskers were prepared by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO) mediated oxidation of α-chitin from crab shells. 26876844 3 3 theme membranes 532:540 arg1 membrane 575:582 proton exchange membrane 559:582 proton exchange membrane (PEM) 559:588 The structure and properties of the composite membranes were examined as proton exchange membrane (PEM). 26876844 3 3 theme membranes 532:540 arg1 properties 504:513 properties 504:513 properties 504:513 The structure and properties of the composite membranes were examined as proton exchange membrane (PEM). 26876844 3 3 theme membranes 532:540 arg1 structure 490:498 structure 490:498 structure 490:498 The structure and properties of the composite membranes were examined as proton exchange membrane (PEM). 26876844 6 4 theme got 1042:1044 arg1 properties 1051:1060 filler and matrix got good properties 1024:1060 filler and matrix got good properties 1024:1060 These indicated that composition of filler and matrix got good properties and whisker-supported membranes are promising materials for PEM. 26876844 5 5 theme chitin 950:955 arg1 whiskers 957:964 chitin whiskers 950:964 chitin whiskers 950:964 Thermal stability, mechanical properties, water uptake and proton conductivity of the nanocomposite films were improved from those of the pure SPES film with increasing whisker content, which ascribed to strong interactions between whiskers and between SPES molecules and chitin whiskers via hydrogen bonding. 26876844 2 6 from shells 478:483 arg1 α-chitin 459:466 α-chitin 459:466 α-chitin from crab shells 459:483 The as-prepared chitin whiskers were prepared by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO) mediated oxidation of α-chitin from crab shells. 26876844 2 6 from shells 478:483 arg1 oxidation 446:454 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO) mediated oxidation 384:454 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO) mediated oxidation of α-chitin from crab shells 384:483 The as-prepared chitin whiskers were prepared by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO) mediated oxidation of α-chitin from crab shells. 26876844 1 7 theme mechanic 162:169 arg1 strength 171:178 mechanic strength 162:178 mechanic strength 162:178 To balance the relationship among proton conductivity and mechanic strength of sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) (SPES) membrane, chitin nanowhisker-supported nanocomposite membranes were prepared by incorporating whiskers into SPES. 26876844 6 8 theme filler 1024:1029 arg1 properties 1051:1060 filler and matrix got good properties 1024:1060 filler and matrix got good properties 1024:1060 These indicated that composition of filler and matrix got good properties and whisker-supported membranes are promising materials for PEM. 26876844 1 9 theme chitin 231:236 arg1 membranes 274:282 chitin nanowhisker-supported nanocomposite membranes 231:282 chitin nanowhisker-supported nanocomposite membranes 231:282 To balance the relationship among proton conductivity and mechanic strength of sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) (SPES) membrane, chitin nanowhisker-supported nanocomposite membranes were prepared by incorporating whiskers into SPES. 26876844 1 10 theme nanowhisker-supported 238:258 arg1 membranes 274:282 chitin nanowhisker-supported nanocomposite membranes 231:282 chitin nanowhisker-supported nanocomposite membranes 231:282 To balance the relationship among proton conductivity and mechanic strength of sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) (SPES) membrane, chitin nanowhisker-supported nanocomposite membranes were prepared by incorporating whiskers into SPES. 26876844 0 11 theme cell 85:88 arg1 applications 90:101 fuel cell applications 80:101 fuel cell applications 80:101 Chitin nanowhisker-supported sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) proton exchange for fuel cell applications. 26876844 5 12 theme mechanical 697:706 arg1 properties 708:717 mechanical properties 697:717 mechanical properties 697:717 Thermal stability, mechanical properties, water uptake and proton conductivity of the nanocomposite films were improved from those of the pure SPES film with increasing whisker content, which ascribed to strong interactions between whiskers and between SPES molecules and chitin whiskers via hydrogen bonding. 26876844 5 13 theme SPES 931:934 arg1 molecules 936:944 SPES molecules 931:944 SPES molecules 931:944 Thermal stability, mechanical properties, water uptake and proton conductivity of the nanocomposite films were improved from those of the pure SPES film with increasing whisker content, which ascribed to strong interactions between whiskers and between SPES molecules and chitin whiskers via hydrogen bonding. 26876844 1 14 theme nanocomposite 260:272 arg1 membranes 274:282 chitin nanowhisker-supported nanocomposite membranes 231:282 chitin nanowhisker-supported nanocomposite membranes 231:282 To balance the relationship among proton conductivity and mechanic strength of sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) (SPES) membrane, chitin nanowhisker-supported nanocomposite membranes were prepared by incorporating whiskers into SPES. 26876844 5 15 theme films 778:782 arg1 stability 686:694 Thermal stability 678:694 Thermal stability 678:694 Thermal stability, mechanical properties, water uptake and proton conductivity of the nanocomposite films were improved from those of the pure SPES film with increasing whisker content, which ascribed to strong interactions between whiskers and between SPES molecules and chitin whiskers via hydrogen bonding. 26876844 5 15 theme films 778:782 arg1 properties 708:717 mechanical properties 697:717 mechanical properties 697:717 Thermal stability, mechanical properties, water uptake and proton conductivity of the nanocomposite films were improved from those of the pure SPES film with increasing whisker content, which ascribed to strong interactions between whiskers and between SPES molecules and chitin whiskers via hydrogen bonding. 26876844 5 15 theme films 778:782 arg1 uptake 726:731 water uptake 720:731 water uptake 720:731 Thermal stability, mechanical properties, water uptake and proton conductivity of the nanocomposite films were improved from those of the pure SPES film with increasing whisker content, which ascribed to strong interactions between whiskers and between SPES molecules and chitin whiskers via hydrogen bonding. 26876844 5 15 theme films 778:782 arg1 conductivity 744:755 proton conductivity 737:755 proton conductivity 737:755 Thermal stability, mechanical properties, water uptake and proton conductivity of the nanocomposite films were improved from those of the pure SPES film with increasing whisker content, which ascribed to strong interactions between whiskers and between SPES molecules and chitin whiskers via hydrogen bonding. 26876844 6 16 theme promising 1098:1106 arg1 membranes 1084:1092 whisker-supported membranes 1066:1092 whisker-supported membranes 1066:1092 These indicated that composition of filler and matrix got good properties and whisker-supported membranes are promising materials for PEM. 26876844 6 16 theme promising 1098:1106 arg1 materials 1108:1116 promising materials 1098:1116 promising materials for PEM 1098:1124 These indicated that composition of filler and matrix got good properties and whisker-supported membranes are promising materials for PEM. 26876844 6 16 theme promising 1098:1106 arg1 composition 1009:1019 composition 1009:1019 composition of filler and matrix got good properties 1009:1060 These indicated that composition of filler and matrix got good properties and whisker-supported membranes are promising materials for PEM. 26876844 3 17 theme proton 559:564 arg1 membrane 575:582 proton exchange membrane 559:582 proton exchange membrane (PEM) 559:588 The structure and properties of the composite membranes were examined as proton exchange membrane (PEM). 26876844 3 17 theme proton 559:564 arg1 properties 504:513 properties 504:513 properties 504:513 The structure and properties of the composite membranes were examined as proton exchange membrane (PEM). 26876844 3 17 theme proton 559:564 arg1 structure 490:498 structure 490:498 structure 490:498 The structure and properties of the composite membranes were examined as proton exchange membrane (PEM). 26876844 3 17 theme proton 559:564 arg1 PEM 585:587 PEM 585:587 PEM 585:587 The structure and properties of the composite membranes were examined as proton exchange membrane (PEM). 26876844 5 18 theme strong 882:887 arg1 interactions 889:900 strong interactions 882:900 strong interactions between whiskers and between SPES molecules and chitin whiskers 882:964 Thermal stability, mechanical properties, water uptake and proton conductivity of the nanocomposite films were improved from those of the pure SPES film with increasing whisker content, which ascribed to strong interactions between whiskers and between SPES molecules and chitin whiskers via hydrogen bonding. 26876844 4 19 theme chitin 611:616 arg1 nanowhiskers 618:629 chitin nanowhiskers 611:629 chitin nanowhiskers 611:629 Results showed that chitin nanowhiskers were dispersed incompactly in the SPES matrix. 26876844 3 20 theme exchange 566:573 arg1 membrane 575:582 proton exchange membrane 559:582 proton exchange membrane (PEM) 559:588 The structure and properties of the composite membranes were examined as proton exchange membrane (PEM). 26876844 3 20 theme exchange 566:573 arg1 properties 504:513 properties 504:513 properties 504:513 The structure and properties of the composite membranes were examined as proton exchange membrane (PEM). 26876844 3 20 theme exchange 566:573 arg1 structure 490:498 structure 490:498 structure 490:498 The structure and properties of the composite membranes were examined as proton exchange membrane (PEM). 26876844 3 20 theme exchange 566:573 arg1 PEM 585:587 PEM 585:587 PEM 585:587 The structure and properties of the composite membranes were examined as proton exchange membrane (PEM). 26876844 5 21 theme hydrogen 970:977 arg1 bonding 979:985 hydrogen bonding 970:985 hydrogen bonding 970:985 Thermal stability, mechanical properties, water uptake and proton conductivity of the nanocomposite films were improved from those of the pure SPES film with increasing whisker content, which ascribed to strong interactions between whiskers and between SPES molecules and chitin whiskers via hydrogen bonding. 26876844 1 22 theme sulfonated 183:192 arg1 membrane 221:228 sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) (SPES) membrane 183:228 sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) (SPES) membrane 183:228 To balance the relationship among proton conductivity and mechanic strength of sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) (SPES) membrane, chitin nanowhisker-supported nanocomposite membranes were prepared by incorporating whiskers into SPES. 26876844 2 23 theme crab 473:476 arg1 shells 478:483 crab shells 473:483 crab shells 473:483 The as-prepared chitin whiskers were prepared by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO) mediated oxidation of α-chitin from crab shells. 26876844 1 24 theme poly 194:197 arg1 membrane 221:228 sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) (SPES) membrane 183:228 sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) (SPES) membrane 183:228 To balance the relationship among proton conductivity and mechanic strength of sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) (SPES) membrane, chitin nanowhisker-supported nanocomposite membranes were prepared by incorporating whiskers into SPES. 26876844 0 25 theme poly 40:43 arg1 exchange 67:74 sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) proton exchange 29:74 sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) proton exchange for fuel cell applications 29:101 Chitin nanowhisker-supported sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) proton exchange for fuel cell applications. 26876844 6 26 theme good 1046:1049 arg1 properties 1051:1060 filler and matrix got good properties 1024:1060 filler and matrix got good properties 1024:1060 These indicated that composition of filler and matrix got good properties and whisker-supported membranes are promising materials for PEM. 26876844 4 27 theme SPES 665:668 arg1 matrix 670:675 the SPES matrix 661:675 the SPES matrix 661:675 Results showed that chitin nanowhiskers were dispersed incompactly in the SPES matrix. 26876844 2 28 theme α-chitin 459:466 arg1 oxidation 446:454 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO) mediated oxidation 384:454 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO) mediated oxidation of α-chitin from crab shells 384:483 The as-prepared chitin whiskers were prepared by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO) mediated oxidation of α-chitin from crab shells. 26876844 5 29 theme proton 737:742 arg1 conductivity 744:755 proton conductivity 737:755 proton conductivity 737:755 Thermal stability, mechanical properties, water uptake and proton conductivity of the nanocomposite films were improved from those of the pure SPES film with increasing whisker content, which ascribed to strong interactions between whiskers and between SPES molecules and chitin whiskers via hydrogen bonding. 26876844 1 30 theme ether 199:203 arg1 poly 194:197 poly 194:197 sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) (SPES) membrane 183:228 To balance the relationship among proton conductivity and mechanic strength of sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) (SPES) membrane, chitin nanowhisker-supported nanocomposite membranes were prepared by incorporating whiskers into SPES. 26876844 1 30 theme ether 199:203 arg1 sulfone 205:211 ether sulfone 199:211 ether sulfone 199:211 To balance the relationship among proton conductivity and mechanic strength of sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) (SPES) membrane, chitin nanowhisker-supported nanocomposite membranes were prepared by incorporating whiskers into SPES. 26876844 0 31 theme ether 45:49 arg1 poly 40:43 poly 40:43 sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) proton exchange for fuel cell applications 29:101 Chitin nanowhisker-supported sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) proton exchange for fuel cell applications. 26876844 0 31 theme ether 45:49 arg1 sulfone 51:57 ether sulfone 45:57 ether sulfone 45:57 Chitin nanowhisker-supported sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) proton exchange for fuel cell applications. 26876844 3 32 theme composite 522:530 arg1 membranes 532:540 the composite membranes 518:540 the composite membranes 518:540 The structure and properties of the composite membranes were examined as proton exchange membrane (PEM). 26876844 2 33 theme mediated 437:444 arg1 oxidation 446:454 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO) mediated oxidation 384:454 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO) mediated oxidation of α-chitin from crab shells 384:483 The as-prepared chitin whiskers were prepared by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO) mediated oxidation of α-chitin from crab shells. 26876844 5 34 theme pure 816:819 arg1 film 826:829 the pure SPES film 812:829 the pure SPES film 812:829 Thermal stability, mechanical properties, water uptake and proton conductivity of the nanocomposite films were improved from those of the pure SPES film with increasing whisker content, which ascribed to strong interactions between whiskers and between SPES molecules and chitin whiskers via hydrogen bonding. 26876844 6 35 theme matrix 1035:1040 arg1 got 1042:1044 matrix got 1035:1044 matrix got 1035:1044 These indicated that composition of filler and matrix got good properties and whisker-supported membranes are promising materials for PEM. 26876844 5 36 theme nanocomposite 764:776 arg1 films 778:782 the nanocomposite films 760:782 the nanocomposite films 760:782 Thermal stability, mechanical properties, water uptake and proton conductivity of the nanocomposite films were improved from those of the pure SPES film with increasing whisker content, which ascribed to strong interactions between whiskers and between SPES molecules and chitin whiskers via hydrogen bonding. 26876844 5 37 theme whisker 847:853 arg1 content 855:861 whisker content 847:861 whisker content 847:861 Thermal stability, mechanical properties, water uptake and proton conductivity of the nanocomposite films were improved from those of the pure SPES film with increasing whisker content, which ascribed to strong interactions between whiskers and between SPES molecules and chitin whiskers via hydrogen bonding. 26876844 5 38 theme SPES 821:824 arg1 film 826:829 the pure SPES film 812:829 the pure SPES film 812:829 Thermal stability, mechanical properties, water uptake and proton conductivity of the nanocomposite films were improved from those of the pure SPES film with increasing whisker content, which ascribed to strong interactions between whiskers and between SPES molecules and chitin whiskers via hydrogen bonding. 26876844 2 39 theme chitin 351:356 arg1 whiskers 358:365 The as-prepared chitin whiskers 335:365 The as-prepared chitin whiskers 335:365 The as-prepared chitin whiskers were prepared by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO) mediated oxidation of α-chitin from crab shells. 26876844 2 40 theme as-prepared 339:349 arg1 whiskers 358:365 The as-prepared chitin whiskers 335:365 The as-prepared chitin whiskers 335:365 The as-prepared chitin whiskers were prepared by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO) mediated oxidation of α-chitin from crab shells. 26876844 5 41 theme water 720:724 arg1 uptake 726:731 water uptake 720:731 water uptake 720:731 Thermal stability, mechanical properties, water uptake and proton conductivity of the nanocomposite films were improved from those of the pure SPES film with increasing whisker content, which ascribed to strong interactions between whiskers and between SPES molecules and chitin whiskers via hydrogen bonding. 26876844 6 42 theme whisker-supported 1066:1082 arg1 membranes 1084:1092 whisker-supported membranes 1066:1092 whisker-supported membranes 1066:1092 These indicated that composition of filler and matrix got good properties and whisker-supported membranes are promising materials for PEM. 26876844 6 42 theme whisker-supported 1066:1082 arg1 materials 1108:1116 promising materials 1098:1116 promising materials for PEM 1098:1124 These indicated that composition of filler and matrix got good properties and whisker-supported membranes are promising materials for PEM. 26876844 6 42 theme whisker-supported 1066:1082 arg1 composition 1009:1019 composition 1009:1019 composition of filler and matrix got good properties 1009:1060 These indicated that composition of filler and matrix got good properties and whisker-supported membranes are promising materials for PEM. 26876844 3 43 dep structure 490:498 arg1 The 486:488 The 486:488 The 486:488 The structure and properties of the composite membranes were examined as proton exchange membrane (PEM). 26876844 1 44 theme proton 138:143 arg1 conductivity 145:156 proton conductivity 138:156 proton conductivity 138:156 To balance the relationship among proton conductivity and mechanic strength of sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) (SPES) membrane, chitin nanowhisker-supported nanocomposite membranes were prepared by incorporating whiskers into SPES. 26876844 6 45 theme properties 1051:1060 arg1 membranes 1084:1092 whisker-supported membranes 1066:1092 whisker-supported membranes 1066:1092 These indicated that composition of filler and matrix got good properties and whisker-supported membranes are promising materials for PEM. 26876844 6 45 theme properties 1051:1060 arg1 materials 1108:1116 promising materials 1098:1116 promising materials for PEM 1098:1124 These indicated that composition of filler and matrix got good properties and whisker-supported membranes are promising materials for PEM. 26876844 6 45 theme properties 1051:1060 arg1 composition 1009:1019 composition 1009:1019 composition of filler and matrix got good properties 1009:1060 These indicated that composition of filler and matrix got good properties and whisker-supported membranes are promising materials for PEM. 26876844 0 46 theme proton 60:65 arg1 exchange 67:74 sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) proton exchange 29:74 sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) proton exchange for fuel cell applications 29:101 Chitin nanowhisker-supported sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) proton exchange for fuel cell applications. 26876844 0 47 theme sulfonated 29:38 arg1 exchange 67:74 sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) proton exchange 29:74 sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) proton exchange for fuel cell applications 29:101 Chitin nanowhisker-supported sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) proton exchange for fuel cell applications. 26876844 1 48 theme membrane 221:228 arg1 conductivity 145:156 proton conductivity 138:156 proton conductivity 138:156 To balance the relationship among proton conductivity and mechanic strength of sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) (SPES) membrane, chitin nanowhisker-supported nanocomposite membranes were prepared by incorporating whiskers into SPES. 26876844 1 48 theme membrane 221:228 arg1 strength 171:178 mechanic strength 162:178 mechanic strength 162:178 To balance the relationship among proton conductivity and mechanic strength of sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) (SPES) membrane, chitin nanowhisker-supported nanocomposite membranes were prepared by incorporating whiskers into SPES. 26143242 3 0 theme functional 320:329 arg1 studies 349:355 further functional and compositional studies 312:355 further functional and compositional studies 312:355 However, this issue remains unresolved and further functional and compositional studies are needed. 26143242 2 1 theme gut 129:131 arg1 microbiota 133:142 Their gut microbiota 123:142 Their gut microbiota 123:142 Their gut microbiota probably aids in the digestion of cellulose and this is considered an example of gut microbiota adaptation to a bamboo diet. 26143242 2 2 theme adaptation 240:249 arg1 example 214:220 an example 211:220 an example of gut microbiota adaptation to a bamboo diet 211:266 Their gut microbiota probably aids in the digestion of cellulose and this is considered an example of gut microbiota adaptation to a bamboo diet. 26143242 3 3 theme compositional 335:347 arg1 studies 349:355 further functional and compositional studies 312:355 further functional and compositional studies 312:355 However, this issue remains unresolved and further functional and compositional studies are needed. 26143242 0 4 theme giant 4:8 arg1 gut 16:18 The giant panda gut 0:18 The giant panda gut 0:18 The giant panda gut microbiome. 26143242 2 5 theme cellulose 178:186 arg1 digestion 165:173 the digestion 161:173 the digestion of cellulose 161:186 Their gut microbiota probably aids in the digestion of cellulose and this is considered an example of gut microbiota adaptation to a bamboo diet. 26143242 2 6 theme microbiota 229:238 arg1 adaptation 240:249 gut microbiota adaptation 225:249 gut microbiota adaptation 225:249 Their gut microbiota probably aids in the digestion of cellulose and this is considered an example of gut microbiota adaptation to a bamboo diet. 26143242 2 7 theme gut 225:227 arg1 adaptation 240:249 gut microbiota adaptation 225:249 gut microbiota adaptation 225:249 Their gut microbiota probably aids in the digestion of cellulose and this is considered an example of gut microbiota adaptation to a bamboo diet. 26143242 1 8 theme bamboo 74:79 arg1 specialists 81:91 bamboo specialists 74:91 bamboo specialists that evolved from carnivores 74:120 Giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) are bamboo specialists that evolved from carnivores. 26143242 1 8 theme bamboo 74:79 arg1 pandas 38:43 Giant pandas 32:43 Giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) 32:68 Giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) are bamboo specialists that evolved from carnivores. 26143242 2 9 from aids 153:156 arg1 digestion 165:173 the digestion 161:173 the digestion of cellulose 161:186 Their gut microbiota probably aids in the digestion of cellulose and this is considered an example of gut microbiota adaptation to a bamboo diet. 26143242 2 10 theme bamboo 256:261 arg1 diet 263:266 a bamboo diet 254:266 a bamboo diet 254:266 Their gut microbiota probably aids in the digestion of cellulose and this is considered an example of gut microbiota adaptation to a bamboo diet. 26143242 3 11 theme further 312:318 arg1 studies 349:355 further functional and compositional studies 312:355 further functional and compositional studies 312:355 However, this issue remains unresolved and further functional and compositional studies are needed. 26143242 1 12 theme Giant 32:36 arg1 melanoleuca 57:67 melanoleuca 57:67 melanoleuca 57:67 Giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) are bamboo specialists that evolved from carnivores. 26143242 1 12 theme Giant 32:36 arg1 specialists 81:91 bamboo specialists 74:91 bamboo specialists that evolved from carnivores 74:120 Giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) are bamboo specialists that evolved from carnivores. 26143242 1 12 theme Giant 32:36 arg1 pandas 38:43 Giant pandas 32:43 Giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) 32:68 Giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) are bamboo specialists that evolved from carnivores. 26143242 0 13 theme panda 10:14 arg1 gut 16:18 The giant panda gut 0:18 The giant panda gut 0:18 The giant panda gut microbiome. 26600409 0 0 theme dentin 73:78 arg1 behavior 55:62 the nanoindentation creep behavior 29:62 the nanoindentation creep behavior of human dentin 29:78 The role of proteoglycans in the nanoindentation creep behavior of human dentin. 26600409 4 1 theme glycosaminoglycans 692:709 arg1 participation 652:664 the participation 648:664 the participation of proteoglycans (PG) and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in regulating the nanoindentation creep deformation and recovery of mineralized and demineralized dentin 648:820 Here, we offer novel insights into the participation of proteoglycans (PG) and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in regulating the nanoindentation creep deformation and recovery of mineralized and demineralized dentin. 26600409 1 2 theme other 142:146 arg1 tissues 160:166 other mineralized tissues 142:166 other mineralized tissues 142:166 Attempts to understand the mechanical behavior of dentin and other mineralized tissues have been primarily focused on the role of their more abundant matrix components, such as collagen and hydroxyapatite. 26600409 1 3 theme matrix 231:236 arg1 components 238:247 their more abundant matrix components 211:247 their more abundant matrix components 211:247 Attempts to understand the mechanical behavior of dentin and other mineralized tissues have been primarily focused on the role of their more abundant matrix components, such as collagen and hydroxyapatite. 26600409 1 3 theme matrix 231:236 arg1 hydroxyapatite 271:284 hydroxyapatite 271:284 hydroxyapatite 271:284 Attempts to understand the mechanical behavior of dentin and other mineralized tissues have been primarily focused on the role of their more abundant matrix components, such as collagen and hydroxyapatite. 26600409 1 3 theme matrix 231:236 arg1 collagen 258:265 collagen 258:265 collagen 258:265 Attempts to understand the mechanical behavior of dentin and other mineralized tissues have been primarily focused on the role of their more abundant matrix components, such as collagen and hydroxyapatite. 26600409 0 4 theme human 67:71 arg1 dentin 73:78 human dentin 67:78 human dentin 67:78 The role of proteoglycans in the nanoindentation creep behavior of human dentin. 26600409 0 5 from role 4:7 arg1 behavior 55:62 the nanoindentation creep behavior 29:62 the nanoindentation creep behavior of human dentin 29:78 The role of proteoglycans in the nanoindentation creep behavior of human dentin. 26600409 6 6 theme composition 1295:1305 arg1 tissues 1276:1282 other mineralized tissues 1258:1282 other mineralized tissues of similar composition 1258:1305 In summary, our results suggest that PGs and GAGs may participate in a nanoscale mechanism that contributes significantly to the outstanding durability of dentin and possibly other mineralized tissues of similar composition. 26600409 5 7 theme only 903:906 arg1 GAGs 908:911 only GAGs 903:911 only GAGs 903:911 Accordingly, after the enzymatic digestion of either PGs and associated GAGs or only GAGs, the nanoindentation creep deformation of dentin increased significantly, while the relative recovery of both the mineralized and demineralized dentin dropped by 40-70%. 26600409 1 8 dep Attempts 81:88 arg1 focused 188:194 focused 188:194 have been primarily focused on the role of their more abundant matrix components, such as collagen and hydroxyapatite 168:284 Attempts to understand the mechanical behavior of dentin and other mineralized tissues have been primarily focused on the role of their more abundant matrix components, such as collagen and hydroxyapatite. 26600409 1 8 dep Attempts 81:88 arg1 understand 93:102 understand 93:102 Attempts to understand the mechanical behavior of dentin and other mineralized tissues 81:166 Attempts to understand the mechanical behavior of dentin and other mineralized tissues have been primarily focused on the role of their more abundant matrix components, such as collagen and hydroxyapatite. 26600409 1 9 theme components 238:247 arg1 role 203:206 the role 199:206 the role of their more abundant matrix components, such as collagen and hydroxyapatite 199:284 Attempts to understand the mechanical behavior of dentin and other mineralized tissues have been primarily focused on the role of their more abundant matrix components, such as collagen and hydroxyapatite. 26600409 6 10 theme similar 1287:1293 arg1 composition 1295:1305 similar composition 1287:1305 similar composition 1287:1305 In summary, our results suggest that PGs and GAGs may participate in a nanoscale mechanism that contributes significantly to the outstanding durability of dentin and possibly other mineralized tissues of similar composition. 26600409 4 11 theme nanoindentation 735:749 arg1 creep 751:755 the nanoindentation creep deformation and recovery 731:780 creep 751:755 Here, we offer novel insights into the participation of proteoglycans (PG) and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in regulating the nanoindentation creep deformation and recovery of mineralized and demineralized dentin. 26600409 5 12 dep dentin 1057:1062 arg1 both 1018:1021 both 1018:1021 both 1018:1021 Accordingly, after the enzymatic digestion of either PGs and associated GAGs or only GAGs, the nanoindentation creep deformation of dentin increased significantly, while the relative recovery of both the mineralized and demineralized dentin dropped by 40-70%. 26600409 3 13 theme induced 550:556 arg1 deformation 558:568 induced deformation 550:568 induced deformation 550:568 Furthermore, while their response to deformation has been extensively studied, mechanisms contributing to their recovery from induced deformation remain poorly described in the literature. 26600409 5 14 theme enzymatic 846:854 arg1 digestion 856:864 the enzymatic digestion 842:864 the enzymatic digestion of either PGs and associated GAGs or only GAGs 842:911 Accordingly, after the enzymatic digestion of either PGs and associated GAGs or only GAGs, the nanoindentation creep deformation of dentin increased significantly, while the relative recovery of both the mineralized and demineralized dentin dropped by 40-70%. 26600409 4 15 theme novel 628:632 arg1 insights 634:641 novel insights 628:641 novel insights into the participation of proteoglycans (PG) and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in regulating the nanoindentation creep deformation and recovery of mineralized and demineralized dentin 628:820 Here, we offer novel insights into the participation of proteoglycans (PG) and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in regulating the nanoindentation creep deformation and recovery of mineralized and demineralized dentin. 26600409 1 16 theme tissues 160:166 arg1 behavior 119:126 the mechanical behavior 104:126 the mechanical behavior of dentin and other mineralized tissues 104:166 Attempts to understand the mechanical behavior of dentin and other mineralized tissues have been primarily focused on the role of their more abundant matrix components, such as collagen and hydroxyapatite. 26600409 5 17 theme GAGs 908:911 arg1 digestion 856:864 the enzymatic digestion 842:864 the enzymatic digestion of either PGs and associated GAGs or only GAGs 842:911 Accordingly, after the enzymatic digestion of either PGs and associated GAGs or only GAGs, the nanoindentation creep deformation of dentin increased significantly, while the relative recovery of both the mineralized and demineralized dentin dropped by 40-70%. 26600409 6 18 theme mineralized 1264:1274 arg1 tissues 1276:1282 other mineralized tissues 1258:1282 other mineralized tissues of similar composition 1258:1305 In summary, our results suggest that PGs and GAGs may participate in a nanoscale mechanism that contributes significantly to the outstanding durability of dentin and possibly other mineralized tissues of similar composition. 26600409 6 19 theme nanoscale 1154:1162 arg1 mechanism 1164:1172 a nanoscale mechanism 1152:1172 a nanoscale mechanism that contributes significantly to the outstanding durability of dentin and possibly other mineralized tissues of similar composition 1152:1305 In summary, our results suggest that PGs and GAGs may participate in a nanoscale mechanism that contributes significantly to the outstanding durability of dentin and possibly other mineralized tissues of similar composition. 26600409 5 20 theme PGs 876:878 arg1 digestion 856:864 the enzymatic digestion 842:864 the enzymatic digestion of either PGs and associated GAGs or only GAGs 842:911 Accordingly, after the enzymatic digestion of either PGs and associated GAGs or only GAGs, the nanoindentation creep deformation of dentin increased significantly, while the relative recovery of both the mineralized and demineralized dentin dropped by 40-70%. 26600409 6 21 theme other 1258:1262 arg1 tissues 1276:1282 other mineralized tissues 1258:1282 other mineralized tissues of similar composition 1258:1305 In summary, our results suggest that PGs and GAGs may participate in a nanoscale mechanism that contributes significantly to the outstanding durability of dentin and possibly other mineralized tissues of similar composition. 26600409 2 22 theme structural 291:300 arg1 mechanisms 302:311 The structural mechanisms 287:311 The structural mechanisms endowing these biological materials with outstanding load bearing properties 287:388 The structural mechanisms endowing these biological materials with outstanding load bearing properties, however, remain elusive to date. 26600409 4 23 theme proteoglycans 669:681 arg1 participation 652:664 the participation 648:664 the participation of proteoglycans (PG) and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in regulating the nanoindentation creep deformation and recovery of mineralized and demineralized dentin 648:820 Here, we offer novel insights into the participation of proteoglycans (PG) and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in regulating the nanoindentation creep deformation and recovery of mineralized and demineralized dentin. 26600409 0 24 theme proteoglycans 12:24 arg1 role 4:7 The role 0:7 The role of proteoglycans in the nanoindentation creep behavior of human dentin. 0:79 The role of proteoglycans in the nanoindentation creep behavior of human dentin. 26600409 5 25 theme dentin 955:960 arg1 deformation 940:950 the nanoindentation creep deformation 914:950 the nanoindentation creep deformation of dentin 914:960 Accordingly, after the enzymatic digestion of either PGs and associated GAGs or only GAGs, the nanoindentation creep deformation of dentin increased significantly, while the relative recovery of both the mineralized and demineralized dentin dropped by 40-70%. 26600409 1 26 theme mineralized 148:158 arg1 tissues 160:166 other mineralized tissues 142:166 other mineralized tissues 142:166 Attempts to understand the mechanical behavior of dentin and other mineralized tissues have been primarily focused on the role of their more abundant matrix components, such as collagen and hydroxyapatite. 26600409 1 27 theme dentin 131:136 arg1 behavior 119:126 the mechanical behavior 104:126 the mechanical behavior of dentin and other mineralized tissues 104:166 Attempts to understand the mechanical behavior of dentin and other mineralized tissues have been primarily focused on the role of their more abundant matrix components, such as collagen and hydroxyapatite. 26600409 2 28 theme biological 328:337 arg1 materials 339:347 these biological materials 322:347 these biological materials with outstanding load bearing properties 322:388 The structural mechanisms endowing these biological materials with outstanding load bearing properties, however, remain elusive to date. 26600409 5 29 theme associated 884:893 arg1 GAGs 895:898 associated GAGs 884:898 associated GAGs 884:898 Accordingly, after the enzymatic digestion of either PGs and associated GAGs or only GAGs, the nanoindentation creep deformation of dentin increased significantly, while the relative recovery of both the mineralized and demineralized dentin dropped by 40-70%. 26600409 2 30 theme outstanding 354:364 arg1 properties 379:388 outstanding load bearing properties 354:388 outstanding load bearing properties 354:388 The structural mechanisms endowing these biological materials with outstanding load bearing properties, however, remain elusive to date. 26600409 2 31 with materials 339:347 arg1 properties 379:388 outstanding load bearing properties 354:388 outstanding load bearing properties 354:388 The structural mechanisms endowing these biological materials with outstanding load bearing properties, however, remain elusive to date. 26600409 5 32 theme mineralized 1027:1037 arg1 dentin 1057:1062 both the mineralized and demineralized dentin 1018:1062 dentin 1057:1062 Accordingly, after the enzymatic digestion of either PGs and associated GAGs or only GAGs, the nanoindentation creep deformation of dentin increased significantly, while the relative recovery of both the mineralized and demineralized dentin dropped by 40-70%. 26600409 0 33 theme creep 49:53 arg1 behavior 55:62 the nanoindentation creep behavior 29:62 the nanoindentation creep behavior of human dentin 29:78 The role of proteoglycans in the nanoindentation creep behavior of human dentin. 26600409 5 34 theme GAGs 895:898 arg1 digestion 856:864 the enzymatic digestion 842:864 the enzymatic digestion of either PGs and associated GAGs or only GAGs 842:911 Accordingly, after the enzymatic digestion of either PGs and associated GAGs or only GAGs, the nanoindentation creep deformation of dentin increased significantly, while the relative recovery of both the mineralized and demineralized dentin dropped by 40-70%. 26600409 4 35 dep creep 751:755 arg1 deformation 757:767 deformation 757:767 deformation 757:767 Here, we offer novel insights into the participation of proteoglycans (PG) and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in regulating the nanoindentation creep deformation and recovery of mineralized and demineralized dentin. 26600409 0 36 theme nanoindentation 33:47 arg1 behavior 55:62 the nanoindentation creep behavior 29:62 the nanoindentation creep behavior of human dentin 29:78 The role of proteoglycans in the nanoindentation creep behavior of human dentin. 26600409 5 37 theme dentin 1057:1062 arg1 recovery 1006:1013 the relative recovery 993:1013 the relative recovery of both the mineralized and demineralized dentin 993:1062 Accordingly, after the enzymatic digestion of either PGs and associated GAGs or only GAGs, the nanoindentation creep deformation of dentin increased significantly, while the relative recovery of both the mineralized and demineralized dentin dropped by 40-70%. 26600409 5 38 theme demineralized 1043:1055 arg1 dentin 1057:1062 both the mineralized and demineralized dentin 1018:1062 dentin 1057:1062 Accordingly, after the enzymatic digestion of either PGs and associated GAGs or only GAGs, the nanoindentation creep deformation of dentin increased significantly, while the relative recovery of both the mineralized and demineralized dentin dropped by 40-70%. 26600409 1 39 theme mechanical 108:117 arg1 behavior 119:126 the mechanical behavior 104:126 the mechanical behavior of dentin and other mineralized tissues 104:166 Attempts to understand the mechanical behavior of dentin and other mineralized tissues have been primarily focused on the role of their more abundant matrix components, such as collagen and hydroxyapatite. 26600409 3 40 from deformation 558:568 arg1 recovery 536:543 their recovery 530:543 their recovery from induced deformation 530:568 Furthermore, while their response to deformation has been extensively studied, mechanisms contributing to their recovery from induced deformation remain poorly described in the literature. 26600409 6 41 theme outstanding 1212:1222 arg1 durability 1224:1233 the outstanding durability 1208:1233 the outstanding durability of dentin 1208:1243 In summary, our results suggest that PGs and GAGs may participate in a nanoscale mechanism that contributes significantly to the outstanding durability of dentin and possibly other mineralized tissues of similar composition. 26600409 5 42 theme relative 997:1004 arg1 recovery 1006:1013 the relative recovery 993:1013 the relative recovery of both the mineralized and demineralized dentin 993:1062 Accordingly, after the enzymatic digestion of either PGs and associated GAGs or only GAGs, the nanoindentation creep deformation of dentin increased significantly, while the relative recovery of both the mineralized and demineralized dentin dropped by 40-70%. 26600409 6 43 theme dentin 1238:1243 arg1 durability 1224:1233 the outstanding durability 1208:1233 the outstanding durability of dentin 1208:1243 In summary, our results suggest that PGs and GAGs may participate in a nanoscale mechanism that contributes significantly to the outstanding durability of dentin and possibly other mineralized tissues of similar composition. 26600409 5 44 theme nanoindentation 918:932 arg1 deformation 940:950 the nanoindentation creep deformation 914:950 the nanoindentation creep deformation of dentin 914:960 Accordingly, after the enzymatic digestion of either PGs and associated GAGs or only GAGs, the nanoindentation creep deformation of dentin increased significantly, while the relative recovery of both the mineralized and demineralized dentin dropped by 40-70%. 26600409 4 45 theme mineralized 785:795 arg1 dentin 815:820 mineralized and demineralized dentin 785:820 mineralized and demineralized dentin 785:820 Here, we offer novel insights into the participation of proteoglycans (PG) and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in regulating the nanoindentation creep deformation and recovery of mineralized and demineralized dentin. 26600409 5 46 theme creep 934:938 arg1 deformation 940:950 the nanoindentation creep deformation 914:950 the nanoindentation creep deformation of dentin 914:960 Accordingly, after the enzymatic digestion of either PGs and associated GAGs or only GAGs, the nanoindentation creep deformation of dentin increased significantly, while the relative recovery of both the mineralized and demineralized dentin dropped by 40-70%. 26600409 4 47 theme dentin 815:820 arg1 creep 751:755 the nanoindentation creep deformation and recovery 731:780 creep 751:755 Here, we offer novel insights into the participation of proteoglycans (PG) and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in regulating the nanoindentation creep deformation and recovery of mineralized and demineralized dentin. 26600409 4 47 theme dentin 815:820 arg1 recovery 773:780 recovery 773:780 recovery 773:780 Here, we offer novel insights into the participation of proteoglycans (PG) and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in regulating the nanoindentation creep deformation and recovery of mineralized and demineralized dentin. 26600409 2 48 theme bearing 371:377 arg1 properties 379:388 outstanding load bearing properties 354:388 outstanding load bearing properties 354:388 The structural mechanisms endowing these biological materials with outstanding load bearing properties, however, remain elusive to date. 26600409 4 49 theme demineralized 801:813 arg1 dentin 815:820 mineralized and demineralized dentin 785:820 mineralized and demineralized dentin 785:820 Here, we offer novel insights into the participation of proteoglycans (PG) and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in regulating the nanoindentation creep deformation and recovery of mineralized and demineralized dentin. 26600409 2 50 theme load 366:369 arg1 properties 379:388 outstanding load bearing properties 354:388 outstanding load bearing properties 354:388 The structural mechanisms endowing these biological materials with outstanding load bearing properties, however, remain elusive to date. 26600409 1 51 theme abundant 222:229 arg1 components 238:247 their more abundant matrix components 211:247 their more abundant matrix components 211:247 Attempts to understand the mechanical behavior of dentin and other mineralized tissues have been primarily focused on the role of their more abundant matrix components, such as collagen and hydroxyapatite. 26600409 1 51 theme abundant 222:229 arg1 hydroxyapatite 271:284 hydroxyapatite 271:284 hydroxyapatite 271:284 Attempts to understand the mechanical behavior of dentin and other mineralized tissues have been primarily focused on the role of their more abundant matrix components, such as collagen and hydroxyapatite. 26600409 1 51 theme abundant 222:229 arg1 collagen 258:265 collagen 258:265 collagen 258:265 Attempts to understand the mechanical behavior of dentin and other mineralized tissues have been primarily focused on the role of their more abundant matrix components, such as collagen and hydroxyapatite. 25693868 4 0 theme maceration 962:971 arg1 enzymes 973:979 the maceration enzymes 958:979 the maceration enzymes 958:979 Overripe grapes had cell walls that were extensively hydrolyzed and depolymerized, probably by natural grape-tissue-ripening enzymes, and this enhanced the impact that the maceration enzymes had on the cell wall monosaccharide profile. 25693868 5 1 theme effective 1081:1089 arg1 combination 1030:1040 The combination 1026:1040 The combination of the techniques that were used 1026:1073 The combination of the techniques that were used is an effective direct measurement of the hydrolysis actions of maceration enzymes on the cell walls of grape berry skin. 25693868 5 1 theme effective 1081:1089 arg1 measurement 1098:1108 an effective direct measurement 1078:1108 an effective direct measurement of the hydrolysis actions of maceration enzymes on the cell walls of grape berry skin 1078:1194 The combination of the techniques that were used is an effective direct measurement of the hydrolysis actions of maceration enzymes on the cell walls of grape berry skin. 25693868 2 2 theme proteins 564:571 arg1 exposure 542:549 exposure 542:549 a reduction as well as exposure of cell wall proteins usually embedded within the cell wall structure 519:619 Multivariate data analysis showed that the fermentation process yielded cell walls enriched in hemicellulose components because pectin was solubilized (and removed) with a reduction as well as exposure of cell wall proteins usually embedded within the cell wall structure. 25693868 2 2 theme proteins 564:571 arg1 reduction 521:529 a reduction 519:529 a reduction as well as exposure of cell wall proteins usually embedded within the cell wall structure 519:619 Multivariate data analysis showed that the fermentation process yielded cell walls enriched in hemicellulose components because pectin was solubilized (and removed) with a reduction as well as exposure of cell wall proteins usually embedded within the cell wall structure. 25693868 1 3 theme Cell 150:153 arg1 technologies 170:181 Cell wall profiling technologies 150:181 Cell wall profiling technologies 150:181 Cell wall profiling technologies were used to follow compositional changes that occurred in the skins of grape berries (from two different ripeness levels) during fermentation and enzyme maceration. 25693868 1 4 theme enzyme 330:335 arg1 maceration 337:346 enzyme maceration 330:346 enzyme maceration 330:346 Cell wall profiling technologies were used to follow compositional changes that occurred in the skins of grape berries (from two different ripeness levels) during fermentation and enzyme maceration. 25693868 2 5 theme embedded 581:588 arg1 proteins 564:571 cell wall proteins 554:571 cell wall proteins usually embedded within the cell wall structure 554:619 Multivariate data analysis showed that the fermentation process yielded cell walls enriched in hemicellulose components because pectin was solubilized (and removed) with a reduction as well as exposure of cell wall proteins usually embedded within the cell wall structure. 25693868 2 6 with solubilized 488:498 arg1 exposure 542:549 exposure 542:549 a reduction as well as exposure of cell wall proteins usually embedded within the cell wall structure 519:619 Multivariate data analysis showed that the fermentation process yielded cell walls enriched in hemicellulose components because pectin was solubilized (and removed) with a reduction as well as exposure of cell wall proteins usually embedded within the cell wall structure. 25693868 2 6 with solubilized 488:498 arg1 reduction 521:529 a reduction 519:529 a reduction as well as exposure of cell wall proteins usually embedded within the cell wall structure 519:619 Multivariate data analysis showed that the fermentation process yielded cell walls enriched in hemicellulose components because pectin was solubilized (and removed) with a reduction as well as exposure of cell wall proteins usually embedded within the cell wall structure. 25693868 3 7 theme polymers 780:787 arg1 extraction 751:760 extraction 751:760 extraction of, all cell wall polymers 751:787 The addition of enzymes caused even more depectination, and the enzymes unravelled the cell walls enabling better access to, and extraction of, all cell wall polymers. 25693868 3 7 theme polymers 780:787 arg1 walls 714:718 the cell walls 705:718 the cell walls enabling better access to 705:744 The addition of enzymes caused even more depectination, and the enzymes unravelled the cell walls enabling better access to, and extraction of, all cell wall polymers. 25693868 0 8 theme fermentation 78:89 arg1 process 91:97 the fermentation process 74:97 the fermentation process in the presence and absence of maceration enzymes 74:147 Following the compositional changes of fresh grape skin cell walls during the fermentation process in the presence and absence of maceration enzymes. 25693868 3 9 theme cell 709:712 arg1 walls 714:718 the cell walls 705:718 the cell walls enabling better access to 705:744 The addition of enzymes caused even more depectination, and the enzymes unravelled the cell walls enabling better access to, and extraction of, all cell wall polymers. 25693868 4 10 theme wall 997:1000 arg1 profile 1017:1023 the cell wall monosaccharide profile 988:1023 the cell wall monosaccharide profile 988:1023 Overripe grapes had cell walls that were extensively hydrolyzed and depolymerized, probably by natural grape-tissue-ripening enzymes, and this enhanced the impact that the maceration enzymes had on the cell wall monosaccharide profile. 25693868 5 11 from actions 1128:1134 arg1 walls 1170:1174 the cell walls 1161:1174 the cell walls of grape berry skin 1161:1194 The combination of the techniques that were used is an effective direct measurement of the hydrolysis actions of maceration enzymes on the cell walls of grape berry skin. 25693868 1 12 theme grape 255:259 arg1 berries 261:267 grape berries 255:267 grape berries 255:267 Cell wall profiling technologies were used to follow compositional changes that occurred in the skins of grape berries (from two different ripeness levels) during fermentation and enzyme maceration. 25693868 4 13 theme cell 810:813 arg1 walls 815:819 cell walls 810:819 cell walls that were extensively hydrolyzed and depolymerized, probably by natural grape-tissue-ripening enzymes 810:921 Overripe grapes had cell walls that were extensively hydrolyzed and depolymerized, probably by natural grape-tissue-ripening enzymes, and this enhanced the impact that the maceration enzymes had on the cell wall monosaccharide profile. 25693868 1 14 theme wall 155:158 arg1 technologies 170:181 Cell wall profiling technologies 150:181 Cell wall profiling technologies 150:181 Cell wall profiling technologies were used to follow compositional changes that occurred in the skins of grape berries (from two different ripeness levels) during fermentation and enzyme maceration. 25693868 5 15 theme berry 1185:1189 arg1 skin 1191:1194 grape berry skin 1179:1194 grape berry skin 1179:1194 The combination of the techniques that were used is an effective direct measurement of the hydrolysis actions of maceration enzymes on the cell walls of grape berry skin. 25693868 5 16 theme direct 1091:1096 arg1 combination 1030:1040 The combination 1026:1040 The combination of the techniques that were used 1026:1073 The combination of the techniques that were used is an effective direct measurement of the hydrolysis actions of maceration enzymes on the cell walls of grape berry skin. 25693868 5 16 theme direct 1091:1096 arg1 measurement 1098:1108 an effective direct measurement 1078:1108 an effective direct measurement of the hydrolysis actions of maceration enzymes on the cell walls of grape berry skin 1078:1194 The combination of the techniques that were used is an effective direct measurement of the hydrolysis actions of maceration enzymes on the cell walls of grape berry skin. 25693868 5 17 theme skin 1191:1194 arg1 walls 1170:1174 the cell walls 1161:1174 the cell walls of grape berry skin 1161:1194 The combination of the techniques that were used is an effective direct measurement of the hydrolysis actions of maceration enzymes on the cell walls of grape berry skin. 25693868 1 18 theme profiling 160:168 arg1 technologies 170:181 Cell wall profiling technologies 150:181 Cell wall profiling technologies 150:181 Cell wall profiling technologies were used to follow compositional changes that occurred in the skins of grape berries (from two different ripeness levels) during fermentation and enzyme maceration. 25693868 2 19 theme hemicellulose 444:456 arg1 components 458:467 hemicellulose components 444:467 hemicellulose components 444:467 Multivariate data analysis showed that the fermentation process yielded cell walls enriched in hemicellulose components because pectin was solubilized (and removed) with a reduction as well as exposure of cell wall proteins usually embedded within the cell wall structure. 25693868 5 20 theme cell 1165:1168 arg1 walls 1170:1174 the cell walls 1161:1174 the cell walls of grape berry skin 1161:1194 The combination of the techniques that were used is an effective direct measurement of the hydrolysis actions of maceration enzymes on the cell walls of grape berry skin. 25693868 2 21 theme wall 606:609 arg1 structure 611:619 the cell wall structure 597:619 the cell wall structure 597:619 Multivariate data analysis showed that the fermentation process yielded cell walls enriched in hemicellulose components because pectin was solubilized (and removed) with a reduction as well as exposure of cell wall proteins usually embedded within the cell wall structure. 25693868 5 22 theme enzymes 1150:1156 arg1 actions 1128:1134 the hydrolysis actions 1113:1134 the hydrolysis actions of maceration enzymes on the cell walls of grape berry skin 1113:1194 The combination of the techniques that were used is an effective direct measurement of the hydrolysis actions of maceration enzymes on the cell walls of grape berry skin. 25693868 2 23 theme wall 559:562 arg1 proteins 564:571 cell wall proteins 554:571 cell wall proteins usually embedded within the cell wall structure 554:619 Multivariate data analysis showed that the fermentation process yielded cell walls enriched in hemicellulose components because pectin was solubilized (and removed) with a reduction as well as exposure of cell wall proteins usually embedded within the cell wall structure. 25693868 4 24 theme cell 992:995 arg1 profile 1017:1023 the cell wall monosaccharide profile 988:1023 the cell wall monosaccharide profile 988:1023 Overripe grapes had cell walls that were extensively hydrolyzed and depolymerized, probably by natural grape-tissue-ripening enzymes, and this enhanced the impact that the maceration enzymes had on the cell wall monosaccharide profile. 25693868 1 25 theme berries 261:267 arg1 skins 246:250 the skins 242:250 the skins of grape berries 242:267 Cell wall profiling technologies were used to follow compositional changes that occurred in the skins of grape berries (from two different ripeness levels) during fermentation and enzyme maceration. 25693868 2 26 theme cell 601:604 arg1 structure 611:619 the cell wall structure 597:619 the cell wall structure 597:619 Multivariate data analysis showed that the fermentation process yielded cell walls enriched in hemicellulose components because pectin was solubilized (and removed) with a reduction as well as exposure of cell wall proteins usually embedded within the cell wall structure. 25693868 5 27 theme techniques 1049:1058 arg1 combination 1030:1040 The combination 1026:1040 The combination of the techniques that were used 1026:1073 The combination of the techniques that were used is an effective direct measurement of the hydrolysis actions of maceration enzymes on the cell walls of grape berry skin. 25693868 5 27 theme techniques 1049:1058 arg1 measurement 1098:1108 an effective direct measurement 1078:1108 an effective direct measurement of the hydrolysis actions of maceration enzymes on the cell walls of grape berry skin 1078:1194 The combination of the techniques that were used is an effective direct measurement of the hydrolysis actions of maceration enzymes on the cell walls of grape berry skin. 25693868 4 28 theme grape-tissue-ripening 893:913 arg1 enzymes 915:921 natural grape-tissue-ripening enzymes 885:921 natural grape-tissue-ripening enzymes 885:921 Overripe grapes had cell walls that were extensively hydrolyzed and depolymerized, probably by natural grape-tissue-ripening enzymes, and this enhanced the impact that the maceration enzymes had on the cell wall monosaccharide profile. 25693868 4 29 theme Overripe 790:797 arg1 grapes 799:804 Overripe grapes 790:804 Overripe grapes 790:804 Overripe grapes had cell walls that were extensively hydrolyzed and depolymerized, probably by natural grape-tissue-ripening enzymes, and this enhanced the impact that the maceration enzymes had on the cell wall monosaccharide profile. 25693868 2 30 theme cell 421:424 arg1 walls 426:430 cell walls 421:430 cell walls enriched in hemicellulose components 421:467 Multivariate data analysis showed that the fermentation process yielded cell walls enriched in hemicellulose components because pectin was solubilized (and removed) with a reduction as well as exposure of cell wall proteins usually embedded within the cell wall structure. 25693868 0 31 theme compositional 14:26 arg1 changes 28:34 the compositional changes 10:34 the compositional changes of fresh grape skin cell walls 10:65 Following the compositional changes of fresh grape skin cell walls during the fermentation process in the presence and absence of maceration enzymes. 25693868 4 32 theme natural 885:891 arg1 enzymes 915:921 natural grape-tissue-ripening enzymes 885:921 natural grape-tissue-ripening enzymes 885:921 Overripe grapes had cell walls that were extensively hydrolyzed and depolymerized, probably by natural grape-tissue-ripening enzymes, and this enhanced the impact that the maceration enzymes had on the cell wall monosaccharide profile. 25693868 1 33 dep occurred 230:237 arg1 levels 298:303 two different ripeness levels 275:303 two different ripeness levels 275:303 Cell wall profiling technologies were used to follow compositional changes that occurred in the skins of grape berries (from two different ripeness levels) during fermentation and enzyme maceration. 25693868 0 34 dep presence 106:113 arg1 the 102:104 the 102:104 the 102:104 Following the compositional changes of fresh grape skin cell walls during the fermentation process in the presence and absence of maceration enzymes. 25693868 0 35 theme fresh 39:43 arg1 walls 61:65 fresh grape skin cell walls 39:65 fresh grape skin cell walls 39:65 Following the compositional changes of fresh grape skin cell walls during the fermentation process in the presence and absence of maceration enzymes. 25693868 3 36 theme better 729:734 arg1 access 736:741 better access 729:741 better access to 729:744 The addition of enzymes caused even more depectination, and the enzymes unravelled the cell walls enabling better access to, and extraction of, all cell wall polymers. 25693868 5 37 from walls 1170:1174 arg1 combination 1030:1040 The combination 1026:1040 The combination of the techniques that were used 1026:1073 The combination of the techniques that were used is an effective direct measurement of the hydrolysis actions of maceration enzymes on the cell walls of grape berry skin. 25693868 5 37 from walls 1170:1174 arg1 measurement 1098:1108 an effective direct measurement 1078:1108 an effective direct measurement of the hydrolysis actions of maceration enzymes on the cell walls of grape berry skin 1078:1194 The combination of the techniques that were used is an effective direct measurement of the hydrolysis actions of maceration enzymes on the cell walls of grape berry skin. 25693868 3 38 theme enzymes 638:644 arg1 addition 626:633 The addition 622:633 The addition of enzymes 622:644 The addition of enzymes caused even more depectination, and the enzymes unravelled the cell walls enabling better access to, and extraction of, all cell wall polymers. 25693868 1 39 theme different 279:287 arg1 levels 298:303 two different ripeness levels 275:303 two different ripeness levels 275:303 Cell wall profiling technologies were used to follow compositional changes that occurred in the skins of grape berries (from two different ripeness levels) during fermentation and enzyme maceration. 25693868 1 40 theme compositional 203:215 arg1 changes 217:223 compositional changes 203:223 compositional changes that occurred in the skins of grape berries (from two different ripeness levels) during fermentation and enzyme maceration 203:346 Cell wall profiling technologies were used to follow compositional changes that occurred in the skins of grape berries (from two different ripeness levels) during fermentation and enzyme maceration. 25693868 0 41 theme skin 51:54 arg1 walls 61:65 fresh grape skin cell walls 39:65 fresh grape skin cell walls 39:65 Following the compositional changes of fresh grape skin cell walls during the fermentation process in the presence and absence of maceration enzymes. 25693868 1 42 theme ripeness 289:296 arg1 levels 298:303 two different ripeness levels 275:303 two different ripeness levels 275:303 Cell wall profiling technologies were used to follow compositional changes that occurred in the skins of grape berries (from two different ripeness levels) during fermentation and enzyme maceration. 25693868 0 43 theme enzymes 141:147 arg1 absence 119:125 absence 119:125 absence 119:125 Following the compositional changes of fresh grape skin cell walls during the fermentation process in the presence and absence of maceration enzymes. 25693868 0 43 theme enzymes 141:147 arg1 presence 106:113 presence 106:113 presence 106:113 Following the compositional changes of fresh grape skin cell walls during the fermentation process in the presence and absence of maceration enzymes. 25693868 5 44 from measurement 1098:1108 arg1 walls 1170:1174 the cell walls 1161:1174 the cell walls of grape berry skin 1161:1194 The combination of the techniques that were used is an effective direct measurement of the hydrolysis actions of maceration enzymes on the cell walls of grape berry skin. 25693868 0 45 theme grape 45:49 arg1 walls 61:65 fresh grape skin cell walls 39:65 fresh grape skin cell walls 39:65 Following the compositional changes of fresh grape skin cell walls during the fermentation process in the presence and absence of maceration enzymes. 25693868 0 46 theme maceration 130:139 arg1 enzymes 141:147 maceration enzymes 130:147 maceration enzymes 130:147 Following the compositional changes of fresh grape skin cell walls during the fermentation process in the presence and absence of maceration enzymes. 25693868 3 47 theme more 658:661 arg1 depectination 663:675 even more depectination 653:675 even more depectination 653:675 The addition of enzymes caused even more depectination, and the enzymes unravelled the cell walls enabling better access to, and extraction of, all cell wall polymers. 25693868 1 48 used used 188:191 arg2 technologies 170:181 Cell wall profiling technologies 150:181 Cell wall profiling technologies 150:181 Cell wall profiling technologies were used to follow compositional changes that occurred in the skins of grape berries (from two different ripeness levels) during fermentation and enzyme maceration. 25693868 5 49 theme hydrolysis 1117:1126 arg1 actions 1128:1134 the hydrolysis actions 1113:1134 the hydrolysis actions of maceration enzymes on the cell walls of grape berry skin 1113:1194 The combination of the techniques that were used is an effective direct measurement of the hydrolysis actions of maceration enzymes on the cell walls of grape berry skin. 25693868 5 50 theme maceration 1139:1148 arg1 enzymes 1150:1156 maceration enzymes 1139:1156 maceration enzymes 1139:1156 The combination of the techniques that were used is an effective direct measurement of the hydrolysis actions of maceration enzymes on the cell walls of grape berry skin. 25693868 2 51 theme cell 554:557 arg1 proteins 564:571 cell wall proteins 554:571 cell wall proteins usually embedded within the cell wall structure 554:619 Multivariate data analysis showed that the fermentation process yielded cell walls enriched in hemicellulose components because pectin was solubilized (and removed) with a reduction as well as exposure of cell wall proteins usually embedded within the cell wall structure. 25693868 5 52 theme grape 1179:1183 arg1 skin 1191:1194 grape berry skin 1179:1194 grape berry skin 1179:1194 The combination of the techniques that were used is an effective direct measurement of the hydrolysis actions of maceration enzymes on the cell walls of grape berry skin. 25693868 3 53 theme cell 770:773 arg1 polymers 780:787 , all cell wall polymers 764:787 polymers 780:787 The addition of enzymes caused even more depectination, and the enzymes unravelled the cell walls enabling better access to, and extraction of, all cell wall polymers. 25693868 0 54 from process 91:97 arg1 absence 119:125 absence 119:125 absence 119:125 Following the compositional changes of fresh grape skin cell walls during the fermentation process in the presence and absence of maceration enzymes. 25693868 0 54 from process 91:97 arg1 presence 106:113 presence 106:113 presence 106:113 Following the compositional changes of fresh grape skin cell walls during the fermentation process in the presence and absence of maceration enzymes. 25693868 4 55 contain had 806:808 arg2 walls 815:819 cell walls 810:819 cell walls that were extensively hydrolyzed and depolymerized, probably by natural grape-tissue-ripening enzymes 810:921 Overripe grapes had cell walls that were extensively hydrolyzed and depolymerized, probably by natural grape-tissue-ripening enzymes, and this enhanced the impact that the maceration enzymes had on the cell wall monosaccharide profile. 25693868 4 55 contain had 806:808 arg1 grapes 799:804 Overripe grapes 790:804 Overripe grapes 790:804 Overripe grapes had cell walls that were extensively hydrolyzed and depolymerized, probably by natural grape-tissue-ripening enzymes, and this enhanced the impact that the maceration enzymes had on the cell wall monosaccharide profile. 25693868 3 56 theme wall 775:778 arg1 polymers 780:787 , all cell wall polymers 764:787 polymers 780:787 The addition of enzymes caused even more depectination, and the enzymes unravelled the cell walls enabling better access to, and extraction of, all cell wall polymers. 25693868 0 57 theme walls 61:65 arg1 changes 28:34 the compositional changes 10:34 the compositional changes of fresh grape skin cell walls 10:65 Following the compositional changes of fresh grape skin cell walls during the fermentation process in the presence and absence of maceration enzymes. 25693868 2 58 theme fermentation 392:403 arg1 process 405:411 the fermentation process 388:411 the fermentation process 388:411 Multivariate data analysis showed that the fermentation process yielded cell walls enriched in hemicellulose components because pectin was solubilized (and removed) with a reduction as well as exposure of cell wall proteins usually embedded within the cell wall structure. 25693868 2 59 theme data 362:365 arg1 analysis 367:374 Multivariate data analysis 349:374 Multivariate data analysis 349:374 Multivariate data analysis showed that the fermentation process yielded cell walls enriched in hemicellulose components because pectin was solubilized (and removed) with a reduction as well as exposure of cell wall proteins usually embedded within the cell wall structure. 25693868 0 60 theme cell 56:59 arg1 walls 61:65 fresh grape skin cell walls 39:65 fresh grape skin cell walls 39:65 Following the compositional changes of fresh grape skin cell walls during the fermentation process in the presence and absence of maceration enzymes. 25693868 5 61 theme actions 1128:1134 arg1 combination 1030:1040 The combination 1026:1040 The combination of the techniques that were used 1026:1073 The combination of the techniques that were used is an effective direct measurement of the hydrolysis actions of maceration enzymes on the cell walls of grape berry skin. 25693868 5 61 theme actions 1128:1134 arg1 measurement 1098:1108 an effective direct measurement 1078:1108 an effective direct measurement of the hydrolysis actions of maceration enzymes on the cell walls of grape berry skin 1078:1194 The combination of the techniques that were used is an effective direct measurement of the hydrolysis actions of maceration enzymes on the cell walls of grape berry skin. 25693868 4 62 theme monosaccharide 1002:1015 arg1 profile 1017:1023 the cell wall monosaccharide profile 988:1023 the cell wall monosaccharide profile 988:1023 Overripe grapes had cell walls that were extensively hydrolyzed and depolymerized, probably by natural grape-tissue-ripening enzymes, and this enhanced the impact that the maceration enzymes had on the cell wall monosaccharide profile. 25693868 2 63 theme Multivariate 349:360 arg1 analysis 367:374 Multivariate data analysis 349:374 Multivariate data analysis 349:374 Multivariate data analysis showed that the fermentation process yielded cell walls enriched in hemicellulose components because pectin was solubilized (and removed) with a reduction as well as exposure of cell wall proteins usually embedded within the cell wall structure. 25693868 5 64 used used 1070:1073 arg2 techniques 1049:1058 the techniques 1045:1058 the techniques that were used 1045:1073 The combination of the techniques that were used is an effective direct measurement of the hydrolysis actions of maceration enzymes on the cell walls of grape berry skin. 26536381 4 0 theme nematic 949:955 arg1 organization 957:968 the chiral nematic organization 938:968 the chiral nematic organization of the respective original handedness 938:1006 The calcium phosphate-deposited EC/PAA and HPC/PAA composites (weight gain, typically 15-25% and 6-11%, respectively) retained the chiral nematic organization of the respective original handedness but exhibited selective light-reflection of longer wavelengths relative to that of the corresponding nonmineralized samples. 26536381 5 1 theme diffraction 1144:1154 arg1 measurements 1197:1208 X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements 1138:1208 X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements 1138:1208 From X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements, it was deduced that the calcium and phosphorus were incorporated inside the polymer matrices in three forms: amorphous calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and a certain complex of PAA-Ca(2+). 26536381 4 2 theme phosphate-deposited 823:841 arg1 EC/PAA 843:848 The calcium phosphate-deposited EC/PAA 811:848 The calcium phosphate-deposited EC/PAA 811:848 The calcium phosphate-deposited EC/PAA and HPC/PAA composites (weight gain, typically 15-25% and 6-11%, respectively) retained the chiral nematic organization of the respective original handedness but exhibited selective light-reflection of longer wavelengths relative to that of the corresponding nonmineralized samples. 26536381 3 3 from HPO4 801:804 arg1 solution 751:758 an aqueous salt solution 735:758 an aqueous salt solution containing the relevant ions 735:787 The mineralization was allowed to proceed in a batchwise operation by soaking the liquid-crystalline films in an aqueous salt solution containing the relevant ions, Ca(2+) and HPO4(2-). 26536381 3 4 theme batchwise 672:680 arg1 operation 682:690 a batchwise operation 670:690 a batchwise operation 670:690 The mineralization was allowed to proceed in a batchwise operation by soaking the liquid-crystalline films in an aqueous salt solution containing the relevant ions, Ca(2+) and HPO4(2-). 26536381 6 5 theme thermal 1517:1523 arg1 performance 1540:1550 the thermal and mechanical performance 1513:1550 the thermal and mechanical performance of the optically functionalized cellulosic/synthetic polymer composites 1513:1622 Dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetry revealed that the inorganic hybridization remarkably enhanced the thermal and mechanical performance of the optically functionalized cellulosic/synthetic polymer composites; however, the effect was more drastic in the EC/PAA series rather than the HPC/PAA series, reflecting the difference in the deposited mineral amount between the two. 26536381 5 6 theme energy-dispersive 1160:1176 arg1 spectroscopy 1184:1195 energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 1160:1195 energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 1160:1195 From X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements, it was deduced that the calcium and phosphorus were incorporated inside the polymer matrices in three forms: amorphous calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and a certain complex of PAA-Ca(2+). 26536381 2 7 theme acid 589:592 arg1 polymerization 545:558 polymerization 545:558 polymerization 545:558 The EC/PAA and HPC/PAA samples were prepared in colored film form from EC and HPC lyotropic liquid crystals of left-handed and right-handed chiral nematics, respectively, by polymerization and cross-linking of acrylic acid as the main solvent component. 26536381 2 7 theme acid 589:592 arg1 cross-linking 564:576 cross-linking 564:576 cross-linking of acrylic acid 564:592 The EC/PAA and HPC/PAA samples were prepared in colored film form from EC and HPC lyotropic liquid crystals of left-handed and right-handed chiral nematics, respectively, by polymerization and cross-linking of acrylic acid as the main solvent component. 26536381 5 8 dep calcium 1235:1241 arg1 the 1231:1233 the 1231:1233 the 1231:1233 From X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements, it was deduced that the calcium and phosphorus were incorporated inside the polymer matrices in three forms: amorphous calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and a certain complex of PAA-Ca(2+). 26536381 4 9 theme longer 1052:1057 arg1 wavelengths 1059:1069 longer wavelengths 1052:1069 longer wavelengths relative to that of the corresponding nonmineralized samples 1052:1130 The calcium phosphate-deposited EC/PAA and HPC/PAA composites (weight gain, typically 15-25% and 6-11%, respectively) retained the chiral nematic organization of the respective original handedness but exhibited selective light-reflection of longer wavelengths relative to that of the corresponding nonmineralized samples. 26536381 1 10 theme polymer 190:196 arg1 composites 198:207 polymer composites 190:207 polymer composites of liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose (EC) or (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) 190:315 Calcium phosphate mineralization was conducted by using polymer composites of liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose (EC) or (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a scaffolding medium for the inorganic deposition. 26536381 1 10 theme polymer 190:196 arg1 medium 334:339 a scaffolding medium 320:339 a scaffolding medium for the inorganic deposition 320:368 Calcium phosphate mineralization was conducted by using polymer composites of liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose (EC) or (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a scaffolding medium for the inorganic deposition. 26536381 1 10 theme polymer 190:196 arg1 cellulose 238:246 liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose 212:246 liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose (EC) 212:251 Calcium phosphate mineralization was conducted by using polymer composites of liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose (EC) or (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a scaffolding medium for the inorganic deposition. 26536381 1 10 theme polymer 190:196 arg1 cellulose 271:279 (hydroxypropyl)cellulose 256:279 (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) 256:285 Calcium phosphate mineralization was conducted by using polymer composites of liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose (EC) or (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a scaffolding medium for the inorganic deposition. 26536381 4 11 theme relative 1071:1078 arg1 wavelengths 1059:1069 longer wavelengths 1052:1069 longer wavelengths relative to that of the corresponding nonmineralized samples 1052:1130 The calcium phosphate-deposited EC/PAA and HPC/PAA composites (weight gain, typically 15-25% and 6-11%, respectively) retained the chiral nematic organization of the respective original handedness but exhibited selective light-reflection of longer wavelengths relative to that of the corresponding nonmineralized samples. 26536381 5 12 theme certain 1371:1377 arg1 forms 1313:1317 three forms 1307:1317 three forms: amorphous calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and a certain complex of PAA-Ca(2+) 1307:1399 From X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements, it was deduced that the calcium and phosphorus were incorporated inside the polymer matrices in three forms: amorphous calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and a certain complex of PAA-Ca(2+). 26536381 5 12 theme certain 1371:1377 arg1 complex 1379:1385 a certain complex 1369:1385 a certain complex of PAA-Ca(2+) 1369:1399 From X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements, it was deduced that the calcium and phosphorus were incorporated inside the polymer matrices in three forms: amorphous calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and a certain complex of PAA-Ca(2+). 26536381 2 13 theme right-handed 498:509 arg1 nematics 518:525 left-handed and right-handed chiral nematics 482:525 left-handed and right-handed chiral nematics 482:525 The EC/PAA and HPC/PAA samples were prepared in colored film form from EC and HPC lyotropic liquid crystals of left-handed and right-handed chiral nematics, respectively, by polymerization and cross-linking of acrylic acid as the main solvent component. 26536381 2 14 theme left-handed 482:492 arg1 nematics 518:525 left-handed and right-handed chiral nematics 482:525 left-handed and right-handed chiral nematics 482:525 The EC/PAA and HPC/PAA samples were prepared in colored film form from EC and HPC lyotropic liquid crystals of left-handed and right-handed chiral nematics, respectively, by polymerization and cross-linking of acrylic acid as the main solvent component. 26536381 4 15 theme chiral 942:947 arg1 organization 957:968 the chiral nematic organization 938:968 the chiral nematic organization of the respective original handedness 938:1006 The calcium phosphate-deposited EC/PAA and HPC/PAA composites (weight gain, typically 15-25% and 6-11%, respectively) retained the chiral nematic organization of the respective original handedness but exhibited selective light-reflection of longer wavelengths relative to that of the corresponding nonmineralized samples. 26536381 6 16 theme cellulosic/synthetic 1584:1603 arg1 composites 1613:1622 the optically functionalized cellulosic/synthetic polymer composites 1555:1622 the optically functionalized cellulosic/synthetic polymer composites 1555:1622 Dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetry revealed that the inorganic hybridization remarkably enhanced the thermal and mechanical performance of the optically functionalized cellulosic/synthetic polymer composites; however, the effect was more drastic in the EC/PAA series rather than the HPC/PAA series, reflecting the difference in the deposited mineral amount between the two. 26536381 6 17 theme EC/PAA 1669:1674 arg1 series 1676:1681 the EC/PAA series 1665:1681 the EC/PAA series rather than the HPC/PAA series 1665:1712 Dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetry revealed that the inorganic hybridization remarkably enhanced the thermal and mechanical performance of the optically functionalized cellulosic/synthetic polymer composites; however, the effect was more drastic in the EC/PAA series rather than the HPC/PAA series, reflecting the difference in the deposited mineral amount between the two. 26536381 4 18 theme nonmineralized 1109:1122 arg1 samples 1124:1130 the corresponding nonmineralized samples 1091:1130 the corresponding nonmineralized samples 1091:1130 The calcium phosphate-deposited EC/PAA and HPC/PAA composites (weight gain, typically 15-25% and 6-11%, respectively) retained the chiral nematic organization of the respective original handedness but exhibited selective light-reflection of longer wavelengths relative to that of the corresponding nonmineralized samples. 26536381 2 19 theme nematics 518:525 arg1 crystals 470:477 EC and HPC lyotropic liquid crystals 442:477 EC and HPC lyotropic liquid crystals of left-handed and right-handed chiral nematics 442:525 The EC/PAA and HPC/PAA samples were prepared in colored film form from EC and HPC lyotropic liquid crystals of left-handed and right-handed chiral nematics, respectively, by polymerization and cross-linking of acrylic acid as the main solvent component. 26536381 1 20 theme phosphate 142:150 arg1 mineralization 152:165 Calcium phosphate mineralization 134:165 Calcium phosphate mineralization 134:165 Calcium phosphate mineralization was conducted by using polymer composites of liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose (EC) or (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a scaffolding medium for the inorganic deposition. 26536381 3 21 theme salt 746:749 arg1 solution 751:758 an aqueous salt solution 735:758 an aqueous salt solution containing the relevant ions 735:787 The mineralization was allowed to proceed in a batchwise operation by soaking the liquid-crystalline films in an aqueous salt solution containing the relevant ions, Ca(2+) and HPO4(2-). 26536381 6 22 theme mechanical 1529:1538 arg1 performance 1540:1550 the thermal and mechanical performance 1513:1550 the thermal and mechanical performance of the optically functionalized cellulosic/synthetic polymer composites 1513:1622 Dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetry revealed that the inorganic hybridization remarkably enhanced the thermal and mechanical performance of the optically functionalized cellulosic/synthetic polymer composites; however, the effect was more drastic in the EC/PAA series rather than the HPC/PAA series, reflecting the difference in the deposited mineral amount between the two. 26536381 0 23 from Mineralization 18:31 arg1 Composites 76:85 Cellulose Derivative/Poly(acrylic acid) Composites 36:85 Cellulose Derivative/Poly(acrylic acid) Composites Having a Chiral Nematic Mesomorphic Structure 36:131 Calcium Phosphate Mineralization in Cellulose Derivative/Poly(acrylic acid) Composites Having a Chiral Nematic Mesomorphic Structure. 26536381 3 24 from films 726:730 arg1 solution 751:758 an aqueous salt solution 735:758 an aqueous salt solution containing the relevant ions 735:787 The mineralization was allowed to proceed in a batchwise operation by soaking the liquid-crystalline films in an aqueous salt solution containing the relevant ions, Ca(2+) and HPO4(2-). 26536381 2 25 theme chiral 511:516 arg1 nematics 518:525 left-handed and right-handed chiral nematics 482:525 left-handed and right-handed chiral nematics 482:525 The EC/PAA and HPC/PAA samples were prepared in colored film form from EC and HPC lyotropic liquid crystals of left-handed and right-handed chiral nematics, respectively, by polymerization and cross-linking of acrylic acid as the main solvent component. 26536381 4 26 theme weight 874:879 arg1 gain 881:884 weight gain 874:884 weight gain 874:884 The calcium phosphate-deposited EC/PAA and HPC/PAA composites (weight gain, typically 15-25% and 6-11%, respectively) retained the chiral nematic organization of the respective original handedness but exhibited selective light-reflection of longer wavelengths relative to that of the corresponding nonmineralized samples. 26536381 4 26 theme weight 874:879 arg1 % 902:902 15-25% 897:902 15-25% 897:902 The calcium phosphate-deposited EC/PAA and HPC/PAA composites (weight gain, typically 15-25% and 6-11%, respectively) retained the chiral nematic organization of the respective original handedness but exhibited selective light-reflection of longer wavelengths relative to that of the corresponding nonmineralized samples. 26536381 4 26 theme weight 874:879 arg1 % 912:912 6-11% 908:912 6-11% 908:912 The calcium phosphate-deposited EC/PAA and HPC/PAA composites (weight gain, typically 15-25% and 6-11%, respectively) retained the chiral nematic organization of the respective original handedness but exhibited selective light-reflection of longer wavelengths relative to that of the corresponding nonmineralized samples. 26536381 2 27 theme main 601:604 arg1 samples 394:400 The EC/PAA and HPC/PAA samples 371:400 samples 394:400 The EC/PAA and HPC/PAA samples were prepared in colored film form from EC and HPC lyotropic liquid crystals of left-handed and right-handed chiral nematics, respectively, by polymerization and cross-linking of acrylic acid as the main solvent component. 26536381 2 27 theme main 601:604 arg1 component 614:622 the main solvent component 597:622 the main solvent component 597:622 The EC/PAA and HPC/PAA samples were prepared in colored film form from EC and HPC lyotropic liquid crystals of left-handed and right-handed chiral nematics, respectively, by polymerization and cross-linking of acrylic acid as the main solvent component. 26536381 3 28 theme relevant 775:782 arg1 ions 784:787 the relevant ions 771:787 the relevant ions 771:787 The mineralization was allowed to proceed in a batchwise operation by soaking the liquid-crystalline films in an aqueous salt solution containing the relevant ions, Ca(2+) and HPO4(2-). 26536381 2 29 theme lyotropic 453:461 arg1 crystals 470:477 EC and HPC lyotropic liquid crystals 442:477 EC and HPC lyotropic liquid crystals of left-handed and right-handed chiral nematics 442:525 The EC/PAA and HPC/PAA samples were prepared in colored film form from EC and HPC lyotropic liquid crystals of left-handed and right-handed chiral nematics, respectively, by polymerization and cross-linking of acrylic acid as the main solvent component. 26536381 0 30 theme Nematic 103:109 arg1 Structure 123:131 a Chiral Nematic Mesomorphic Structure 94:131 a Chiral Nematic Mesomorphic Structure 94:131 Calcium Phosphate Mineralization in Cellulose Derivative/Poly(acrylic acid) Composites Having a Chiral Nematic Mesomorphic Structure. 26536381 6 31 from drastic 1654:1660 arg1 series 1707:1712 the HPC/PAA series 1695:1712 the EC/PAA series rather than the HPC/PAA series 1665:1712 Dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetry revealed that the inorganic hybridization remarkably enhanced the thermal and mechanical performance of the optically functionalized cellulosic/synthetic polymer composites; however, the effect was more drastic in the EC/PAA series rather than the HPC/PAA series, reflecting the difference in the deposited mineral amount between the two. 26536381 6 31 from drastic 1654:1660 arg1 series 1676:1681 the EC/PAA series 1665:1681 the EC/PAA series rather than the HPC/PAA series 1665:1712 Dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetry revealed that the inorganic hybridization remarkably enhanced the thermal and mechanical performance of the optically functionalized cellulosic/synthetic polymer composites; however, the effect was more drastic in the EC/PAA series rather than the HPC/PAA series, reflecting the difference in the deposited mineral amount between the two. 26536381 6 32 from series 1676:1681 arg1 effect 1638:1643 the effect 1634:1643 the effect 1634:1643 Dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetry revealed that the inorganic hybridization remarkably enhanced the thermal and mechanical performance of the optically functionalized cellulosic/synthetic polymer composites; however, the effect was more drastic in the EC/PAA series rather than the HPC/PAA series, reflecting the difference in the deposited mineral amount between the two. 26536381 6 32 from series 1676:1681 arg1 drastic 1654:1660 drastic 1654:1660 drastic 1654:1660 Dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetry revealed that the inorganic hybridization remarkably enhanced the thermal and mechanical performance of the optically functionalized cellulosic/synthetic polymer composites; however, the effect was more drastic in the EC/PAA series rather than the HPC/PAA series, reflecting the difference in the deposited mineral amount between the two. 26536381 6 33 from series 1707:1712 arg1 effect 1638:1643 the effect 1634:1643 the effect 1634:1643 Dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetry revealed that the inorganic hybridization remarkably enhanced the thermal and mechanical performance of the optically functionalized cellulosic/synthetic polymer composites; however, the effect was more drastic in the EC/PAA series rather than the HPC/PAA series, reflecting the difference in the deposited mineral amount between the two. 26536381 6 33 from series 1707:1712 arg1 drastic 1654:1660 drastic 1654:1660 drastic 1654:1660 Dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetry revealed that the inorganic hybridization remarkably enhanced the thermal and mechanical performance of the optically functionalized cellulosic/synthetic polymer composites; however, the effect was more drastic in the EC/PAA series rather than the HPC/PAA series, reflecting the difference in the deposited mineral amount between the two. 26536381 0 34 theme Calcium 0:6 arg1 Mineralization 18:31 Calcium Phosphate Mineralization 0:31 Calcium Phosphate Mineralization in Cellulose Derivative/Poly(acrylic acid) Composites Having a Chiral Nematic Mesomorphic Structure. 0:132 Calcium Phosphate Mineralization in Cellulose Derivative/Poly(acrylic acid) Composites Having a Chiral Nematic Mesomorphic Structure. 26536381 1 35 theme cellulose 271:279 arg1 composites 198:207 polymer composites 190:207 polymer composites of liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose (EC) or (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) 190:315 Calcium phosphate mineralization was conducted by using polymer composites of liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose (EC) or (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a scaffolding medium for the inorganic deposition. 26536381 1 35 theme cellulose 271:279 arg1 medium 334:339 a scaffolding medium 320:339 a scaffolding medium for the inorganic deposition 320:368 Calcium phosphate mineralization was conducted by using polymer composites of liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose (EC) or (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a scaffolding medium for the inorganic deposition. 26536381 1 35 theme cellulose 271:279 arg1 cellulose 238:246 liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose 212:246 liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose (EC) 212:251 Calcium phosphate mineralization was conducted by using polymer composites of liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose (EC) or (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a scaffolding medium for the inorganic deposition. 26536381 1 35 theme cellulose 271:279 arg1 cellulose 271:279 (hydroxypropyl)cellulose 256:279 (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) 256:285 Calcium phosphate mineralization was conducted by using polymer composites of liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose (EC) or (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a scaffolding medium for the inorganic deposition. 26536381 6 36 theme composites 1613:1622 arg1 performance 1540:1550 the thermal and mechanical performance 1513:1550 the thermal and mechanical performance of the optically functionalized cellulosic/synthetic polymer composites 1513:1622 Dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetry revealed that the inorganic hybridization remarkably enhanced the thermal and mechanical performance of the optically functionalized cellulosic/synthetic polymer composites; however, the effect was more drastic in the EC/PAA series rather than the HPC/PAA series, reflecting the difference in the deposited mineral amount between the two. 26536381 2 37 theme HPC/PAA 386:392 arg1 samples 394:400 The EC/PAA and HPC/PAA samples 371:400 samples 394:400 The EC/PAA and HPC/PAA samples were prepared in colored film form from EC and HPC lyotropic liquid crystals of left-handed and right-handed chiral nematics, respectively, by polymerization and cross-linking of acrylic acid as the main solvent component. 26536381 2 37 theme HPC/PAA 386:392 arg1 component 614:622 the main solvent component 597:622 the main solvent component 597:622 The EC/PAA and HPC/PAA samples were prepared in colored film form from EC and HPC lyotropic liquid crystals of left-handed and right-handed chiral nematics, respectively, by polymerization and cross-linking of acrylic acid as the main solvent component. 26536381 2 38 theme EC/PAA 375:380 arg1 samples 394:400 The EC/PAA and HPC/PAA samples 371:400 samples 394:400 The EC/PAA and HPC/PAA samples were prepared in colored film form from EC and HPC lyotropic liquid crystals of left-handed and right-handed chiral nematics, respectively, by polymerization and cross-linking of acrylic acid as the main solvent component. 26536381 2 38 theme EC/PAA 375:380 arg1 component 614:622 the main solvent component 597:622 the main solvent component 597:622 The EC/PAA and HPC/PAA samples were prepared in colored film form from EC and HPC lyotropic liquid crystals of left-handed and right-handed chiral nematics, respectively, by polymerization and cross-linking of acrylic acid as the main solvent component. 26536381 5 39 dep forms 1313:1317 arg1 forms 1313:1317 three forms 1307:1317 three forms: amorphous calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and a certain complex of PAA-Ca(2+) 1307:1399 From X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements, it was deduced that the calcium and phosphorus were incorporated inside the polymer matrices in three forms: amorphous calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and a certain complex of PAA-Ca(2+). 26536381 5 39 dep forms 1313:1317 arg1 complex 1379:1385 a certain complex 1369:1385 a certain complex of PAA-Ca(2+) 1369:1399 From X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements, it was deduced that the calcium and phosphorus were incorporated inside the polymer matrices in three forms: amorphous calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and a certain complex of PAA-Ca(2+). 26536381 5 39 dep forms 1313:1317 arg1 hydroxyapatite 1349:1362 hydroxyapatite 1349:1362 hydroxyapatite 1349:1362 From X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements, it was deduced that the calcium and phosphorus were incorporated inside the polymer matrices in three forms: amorphous calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and a certain complex of PAA-Ca(2+). 26536381 5 39 dep forms 1313:1317 arg1 phosphate 1338:1346 amorphous calcium phosphate 1320:1346 amorphous calcium phosphate 1320:1346 From X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements, it was deduced that the calcium and phosphorus were incorporated inside the polymer matrices in three forms: amorphous calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and a certain complex of PAA-Ca(2+). 26536381 2 40 theme film 427:430 arg1 form 432:435 colored film form 419:435 colored film form 419:435 The EC/PAA and HPC/PAA samples were prepared in colored film form from EC and HPC lyotropic liquid crystals of left-handed and right-handed chiral nematics, respectively, by polymerization and cross-linking of acrylic acid as the main solvent component. 26536381 0 41 theme Cellulose 36:44 arg1 Derivative/Poly 46:60 Cellulose Derivative/Poly 36:60 Cellulose Derivative/Poly(acrylic acid) Composites Having a Chiral Nematic Mesomorphic Structure 36:131 Calcium Phosphate Mineralization in Cellulose Derivative/Poly(acrylic acid) Composites Having a Chiral Nematic Mesomorphic Structure. 26536381 0 41 theme Cellulose 36:44 arg1 acid 70:73 acrylic acid 62:73 acrylic acid 62:73 Calcium Phosphate Mineralization in Cellulose Derivative/Poly(acrylic acid) Composites Having a Chiral Nematic Mesomorphic Structure. 26536381 6 42 theme mineral 1758:1764 arg1 amount 1766:1771 the deposited mineral amount 1744:1771 the deposited mineral amount 1744:1771 Dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetry revealed that the inorganic hybridization remarkably enhanced the thermal and mechanical performance of the optically functionalized cellulosic/synthetic polymer composites; however, the effect was more drastic in the EC/PAA series rather than the HPC/PAA series, reflecting the difference in the deposited mineral amount between the two. 26536381 4 43 theme original 988:995 arg1 handedness 997:1006 the respective original handedness 973:1006 the respective original handedness 973:1006 The calcium phosphate-deposited EC/PAA and HPC/PAA composites (weight gain, typically 15-25% and 6-11%, respectively) retained the chiral nematic organization of the respective original handedness but exhibited selective light-reflection of longer wavelengths relative to that of the corresponding nonmineralized samples. 26536381 1 44 theme cellulose 238:246 arg1 composites 198:207 polymer composites 190:207 polymer composites of liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose (EC) or (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) 190:315 Calcium phosphate mineralization was conducted by using polymer composites of liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose (EC) or (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a scaffolding medium for the inorganic deposition. 26536381 1 44 theme cellulose 238:246 arg1 medium 334:339 a scaffolding medium 320:339 a scaffolding medium for the inorganic deposition 320:368 Calcium phosphate mineralization was conducted by using polymer composites of liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose (EC) or (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a scaffolding medium for the inorganic deposition. 26536381 1 44 theme cellulose 238:246 arg1 cellulose 238:246 liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose 212:246 liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose (EC) 212:251 Calcium phosphate mineralization was conducted by using polymer composites of liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose (EC) or (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a scaffolding medium for the inorganic deposition. 26536381 1 44 theme cellulose 238:246 arg1 cellulose 271:279 (hydroxypropyl)cellulose 256:279 (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) 256:285 Calcium phosphate mineralization was conducted by using polymer composites of liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose (EC) or (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a scaffolding medium for the inorganic deposition. 26536381 5 45 theme calcium 1330:1336 arg1 forms 1313:1317 three forms 1307:1317 three forms: amorphous calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and a certain complex of PAA-Ca(2+) 1307:1399 From X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements, it was deduced that the calcium and phosphorus were incorporated inside the polymer matrices in three forms: amorphous calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and a certain complex of PAA-Ca(2+). 26536381 5 45 theme calcium 1330:1336 arg1 phosphate 1338:1346 amorphous calcium phosphate 1320:1346 amorphous calcium phosphate 1320:1346 From X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements, it was deduced that the calcium and phosphorus were incorporated inside the polymer matrices in three forms: amorphous calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and a certain complex of PAA-Ca(2+). 26536381 6 46 theme Dynamic 1402:1408 arg1 analysis 1421:1428 Dynamic mechanical analysis 1402:1428 Dynamic mechanical analysis 1402:1428 Dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetry revealed that the inorganic hybridization remarkably enhanced the thermal and mechanical performance of the optically functionalized cellulosic/synthetic polymer composites; however, the effect was more drastic in the EC/PAA series rather than the HPC/PAA series, reflecting the difference in the deposited mineral amount between the two. 26536381 5 47 theme X-ray 1138:1142 arg1 diffraction 1144:1154 X-ray diffraction 1138:1154 X-ray diffraction 1138:1154 From X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements, it was deduced that the calcium and phosphorus were incorporated inside the polymer matrices in three forms: amorphous calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and a certain complex of PAA-Ca(2+). 26536381 5 48 theme PAA-Ca 1390:1395 arg1 forms 1313:1317 three forms 1307:1317 three forms: amorphous calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and a certain complex of PAA-Ca(2+) 1307:1399 From X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements, it was deduced that the calcium and phosphorus were incorporated inside the polymer matrices in three forms: amorphous calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and a certain complex of PAA-Ca(2+). 26536381 5 48 theme PAA-Ca 1390:1395 arg1 complex 1379:1385 a certain complex 1369:1385 a certain complex of PAA-Ca(2+) 1369:1399 From X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements, it was deduced that the calcium and phosphorus were incorporated inside the polymer matrices in three forms: amorphous calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and a certain complex of PAA-Ca(2+). 26536381 5 48 theme PAA-Ca 1390:1395 arg1 hydroxyapatite 1349:1362 hydroxyapatite 1349:1362 hydroxyapatite 1349:1362 From X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements, it was deduced that the calcium and phosphorus were incorporated inside the polymer matrices in three forms: amorphous calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and a certain complex of PAA-Ca(2+). 26536381 5 48 theme PAA-Ca 1390:1395 arg1 phosphate 1338:1346 amorphous calcium phosphate 1320:1346 amorphous calcium phosphate 1320:1346 From X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements, it was deduced that the calcium and phosphorus were incorporated inside the polymer matrices in three forms: amorphous calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and a certain complex of PAA-Ca(2+). 26536381 1 49 theme hydroxypropyl 257:269 arg1 HPC 282:284 HPC 282:284 HPC 282:284 Calcium phosphate mineralization was conducted by using polymer composites of liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose (EC) or (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a scaffolding medium for the inorganic deposition. 26536381 1 49 theme hydroxypropyl 257:269 arg1 cellulose 271:279 (hydroxypropyl)cellulose 256:279 (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) 256:285 Calcium phosphate mineralization was conducted by using polymer composites of liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose (EC) or (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a scaffolding medium for the inorganic deposition. 26536381 4 50 theme wavelengths 1059:1069 arg1 light-reflection 1032:1047 selective light-reflection 1022:1047 selective light-reflection of longer wavelengths relative to that of the corresponding nonmineralized samples 1022:1130 The calcium phosphate-deposited EC/PAA and HPC/PAA composites (weight gain, typically 15-25% and 6-11%, respectively) retained the chiral nematic organization of the respective original handedness but exhibited selective light-reflection of longer wavelengths relative to that of the corresponding nonmineralized samples. 26536381 2 51 theme acrylic 581:587 arg1 acid 589:592 acrylic acid 581:592 acrylic acid 581:592 The EC/PAA and HPC/PAA samples were prepared in colored film form from EC and HPC lyotropic liquid crystals of left-handed and right-handed chiral nematics, respectively, by polymerization and cross-linking of acrylic acid as the main solvent component. 26536381 4 52 theme selective 1022:1030 arg1 light-reflection 1032:1047 selective light-reflection 1022:1047 selective light-reflection of longer wavelengths relative to that of the corresponding nonmineralized samples 1022:1130 The calcium phosphate-deposited EC/PAA and HPC/PAA composites (weight gain, typically 15-25% and 6-11%, respectively) retained the chiral nematic organization of the respective original handedness but exhibited selective light-reflection of longer wavelengths relative to that of the corresponding nonmineralized samples. 26536381 3 53 theme liquid-crystalline 707:724 arg1 films 726:730 the liquid-crystalline films 703:730 the liquid-crystalline films in an aqueous salt solution containing the relevant ions 703:787 The mineralization was allowed to proceed in a batchwise operation by soaking the liquid-crystalline films in an aqueous salt solution containing the relevant ions, Ca(2+) and HPO4(2-). 26536381 6 54 theme inorganic 1469:1477 arg1 hybridization 1479:1491 the inorganic hybridization 1465:1491 the inorganic hybridization 1465:1491 Dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetry revealed that the inorganic hybridization remarkably enhanced the thermal and mechanical performance of the optically functionalized cellulosic/synthetic polymer composites; however, the effect was more drastic in the EC/PAA series rather than the HPC/PAA series, reflecting the difference in the deposited mineral amount between the two. 26536381 1 55 theme liquid-crystalline 212:229 arg1 EC 249:250 EC 249:250 EC 249:250 Calcium phosphate mineralization was conducted by using polymer composites of liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose (EC) or (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a scaffolding medium for the inorganic deposition. 26536381 1 55 theme liquid-crystalline 212:229 arg1 cellulose 238:246 liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose 212:246 liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose (EC) 212:251 Calcium phosphate mineralization was conducted by using polymer composites of liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose (EC) or (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a scaffolding medium for the inorganic deposition. 26536381 1 56 theme ethyl 232:236 arg1 EC 249:250 EC 249:250 EC 249:250 Calcium phosphate mineralization was conducted by using polymer composites of liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose (EC) or (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a scaffolding medium for the inorganic deposition. 26536381 1 56 theme ethyl 232:236 arg1 cellulose 238:246 liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose 212:246 liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose (EC) 212:251 Calcium phosphate mineralization was conducted by using polymer composites of liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose (EC) or (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a scaffolding medium for the inorganic deposition. 26536381 4 57 theme HPC/PAA 854:860 arg1 composites 862:871 HPC/PAA composites 854:871 HPC/PAA composites 854:871 The calcium phosphate-deposited EC/PAA and HPC/PAA composites (weight gain, typically 15-25% and 6-11%, respectively) retained the chiral nematic organization of the respective original handedness but exhibited selective light-reflection of longer wavelengths relative to that of the corresponding nonmineralized samples. 26536381 3 58 theme aqueous 738:744 arg1 solution 751:758 an aqueous salt solution 735:758 an aqueous salt solution containing the relevant ions 735:787 The mineralization was allowed to proceed in a batchwise operation by soaking the liquid-crystalline films in an aqueous salt solution containing the relevant ions, Ca(2+) and HPO4(2-). 26536381 1 59 theme inorganic 349:357 arg1 deposition 359:368 the inorganic deposition 345:368 the inorganic deposition 345:368 Calcium phosphate mineralization was conducted by using polymer composites of liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose (EC) or (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a scaffolding medium for the inorganic deposition. 26536381 6 60 theme functionalized 1569:1582 arg1 composites 1613:1622 the optically functionalized cellulosic/synthetic polymer composites 1555:1622 the optically functionalized cellulosic/synthetic polymer composites 1555:1622 Dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetry revealed that the inorganic hybridization remarkably enhanced the thermal and mechanical performance of the optically functionalized cellulosic/synthetic polymer composites; however, the effect was more drastic in the EC/PAA series rather than the HPC/PAA series, reflecting the difference in the deposited mineral amount between the two. 26536381 1 61 theme Calcium 134:140 arg1 mineralization 152:165 Calcium phosphate mineralization 134:165 Calcium phosphate mineralization 134:165 Calcium phosphate mineralization was conducted by using polymer composites of liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose (EC) or (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a scaffolding medium for the inorganic deposition. 26536381 4 62 theme calcium 815:821 arg1 EC/PAA 843:848 The calcium phosphate-deposited EC/PAA 811:848 The calcium phosphate-deposited EC/PAA 811:848 The calcium phosphate-deposited EC/PAA and HPC/PAA composites (weight gain, typically 15-25% and 6-11%, respectively) retained the chiral nematic organization of the respective original handedness but exhibited selective light-reflection of longer wavelengths relative to that of the corresponding nonmineralized samples. 26536381 2 63 theme EC 442:443 arg1 crystals 470:477 EC and HPC lyotropic liquid crystals 442:477 EC and HPC lyotropic liquid crystals of left-handed and right-handed chiral nematics 442:525 The EC/PAA and HPC/PAA samples were prepared in colored film form from EC and HPC lyotropic liquid crystals of left-handed and right-handed chiral nematics, respectively, by polymerization and cross-linking of acrylic acid as the main solvent component. 26536381 5 64 from matrices 1295:1302 arg1 forms 1313:1317 three forms 1307:1317 three forms: amorphous calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and a certain complex of PAA-Ca(2+) 1307:1399 From X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements, it was deduced that the calcium and phosphorus were incorporated inside the polymer matrices in three forms: amorphous calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and a certain complex of PAA-Ca(2+). 26536381 5 64 from matrices 1295:1302 arg1 complex 1379:1385 a certain complex 1369:1385 a certain complex of PAA-Ca(2+) 1369:1399 From X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements, it was deduced that the calcium and phosphorus were incorporated inside the polymer matrices in three forms: amorphous calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and a certain complex of PAA-Ca(2+). 26536381 5 64 from matrices 1295:1302 arg1 hydroxyapatite 1349:1362 hydroxyapatite 1349:1362 hydroxyapatite 1349:1362 From X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements, it was deduced that the calcium and phosphorus were incorporated inside the polymer matrices in three forms: amorphous calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and a certain complex of PAA-Ca(2+). 26536381 5 64 from matrices 1295:1302 arg1 phosphate 1338:1346 amorphous calcium phosphate 1320:1346 amorphous calcium phosphate 1320:1346 From X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements, it was deduced that the calcium and phosphorus were incorporated inside the polymer matrices in three forms: amorphous calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and a certain complex of PAA-Ca(2+). 26536381 4 65 theme corresponding 1095:1107 arg1 samples 1124:1130 the corresponding nonmineralized samples 1091:1130 the corresponding nonmineralized samples 1091:1130 The calcium phosphate-deposited EC/PAA and HPC/PAA composites (weight gain, typically 15-25% and 6-11%, respectively) retained the chiral nematic organization of the respective original handedness but exhibited selective light-reflection of longer wavelengths relative to that of the corresponding nonmineralized samples. 26536381 5 66 theme X-ray 1178:1182 arg1 spectroscopy 1184:1195 energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 1160:1195 energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 1160:1195 From X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements, it was deduced that the calcium and phosphorus were incorporated inside the polymer matrices in three forms: amorphous calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and a certain complex of PAA-Ca(2+). 26536381 6 67 from difference 1730:1739 arg1 amount 1766:1771 the deposited mineral amount 1744:1771 the deposited mineral amount 1744:1771 Dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetry revealed that the inorganic hybridization remarkably enhanced the thermal and mechanical performance of the optically functionalized cellulosic/synthetic polymer composites; however, the effect was more drastic in the EC/PAA series rather than the HPC/PAA series, reflecting the difference in the deposited mineral amount between the two. 26536381 2 68 theme solvent 606:612 arg1 samples 394:400 The EC/PAA and HPC/PAA samples 371:400 samples 394:400 The EC/PAA and HPC/PAA samples were prepared in colored film form from EC and HPC lyotropic liquid crystals of left-handed and right-handed chiral nematics, respectively, by polymerization and cross-linking of acrylic acid as the main solvent component. 26536381 2 68 theme solvent 606:612 arg1 component 614:622 the main solvent component 597:622 the main solvent component 597:622 The EC/PAA and HPC/PAA samples were prepared in colored film form from EC and HPC lyotropic liquid crystals of left-handed and right-handed chiral nematics, respectively, by polymerization and cross-linking of acrylic acid as the main solvent component. 26536381 0 69 theme Chiral 96:101 arg1 Structure 123:131 a Chiral Nematic Mesomorphic Structure 94:131 a Chiral Nematic Mesomorphic Structure 94:131 Calcium Phosphate Mineralization in Cellulose Derivative/Poly(acrylic acid) Composites Having a Chiral Nematic Mesomorphic Structure. 26536381 2 70 theme liquid 463:468 arg1 crystals 470:477 EC and HPC lyotropic liquid crystals 442:477 EC and HPC lyotropic liquid crystals of left-handed and right-handed chiral nematics 442:525 The EC/PAA and HPC/PAA samples were prepared in colored film form from EC and HPC lyotropic liquid crystals of left-handed and right-handed chiral nematics, respectively, by polymerization and cross-linking of acrylic acid as the main solvent component. 26536381 5 71 theme polymer 1287:1293 arg1 matrices 1295:1302 the polymer matrices 1283:1302 the polymer matrices in three forms: amorphous calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and a certain complex of PAA-Ca(2+) 1283:1399 From X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements, it was deduced that the calcium and phosphorus were incorporated inside the polymer matrices in three forms: amorphous calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and a certain complex of PAA-Ca(2+). 26536381 0 72 theme Mesomorphic 111:121 arg1 Structure 123:131 a Chiral Nematic Mesomorphic Structure 94:131 a Chiral Nematic Mesomorphic Structure 94:131 Calcium Phosphate Mineralization in Cellulose Derivative/Poly(acrylic acid) Composites Having a Chiral Nematic Mesomorphic Structure. 26536381 2 73 theme HPC 449:451 arg1 crystals 470:477 EC and HPC lyotropic liquid crystals 442:477 EC and HPC lyotropic liquid crystals of left-handed and right-handed chiral nematics 442:525 The EC/PAA and HPC/PAA samples were prepared in colored film form from EC and HPC lyotropic liquid crystals of left-handed and right-handed chiral nematics, respectively, by polymerization and cross-linking of acrylic acid as the main solvent component. 26536381 6 74 theme HPC/PAA 1699:1705 arg1 series 1707:1712 the HPC/PAA series 1695:1712 the EC/PAA series rather than the HPC/PAA series 1665:1712 Dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetry revealed that the inorganic hybridization remarkably enhanced the thermal and mechanical performance of the optically functionalized cellulosic/synthetic polymer composites; however, the effect was more drastic in the EC/PAA series rather than the HPC/PAA series, reflecting the difference in the deposited mineral amount between the two. 26536381 0 75 theme Phosphate 8:16 arg1 Mineralization 18:31 Calcium Phosphate Mineralization 0:31 Calcium Phosphate Mineralization in Cellulose Derivative/Poly(acrylic acid) Composites Having a Chiral Nematic Mesomorphic Structure. 0:132 Calcium Phosphate Mineralization in Cellulose Derivative/Poly(acrylic acid) Composites Having a Chiral Nematic Mesomorphic Structure. 26536381 1 76 theme scaffolding 322:332 arg1 composites 198:207 polymer composites 190:207 polymer composites of liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose (EC) or (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) 190:315 Calcium phosphate mineralization was conducted by using polymer composites of liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose (EC) or (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a scaffolding medium for the inorganic deposition. 26536381 1 76 theme scaffolding 322:332 arg1 medium 334:339 a scaffolding medium 320:339 a scaffolding medium for the inorganic deposition 320:368 Calcium phosphate mineralization was conducted by using polymer composites of liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose (EC) or (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a scaffolding medium for the inorganic deposition. 26536381 1 76 theme scaffolding 322:332 arg1 cellulose 238:246 liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose 212:246 liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose (EC) 212:251 Calcium phosphate mineralization was conducted by using polymer composites of liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose (EC) or (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a scaffolding medium for the inorganic deposition. 26536381 1 76 theme scaffolding 322:332 arg1 cellulose 271:279 (hydroxypropyl)cellulose 256:279 (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) 256:285 Calcium phosphate mineralization was conducted by using polymer composites of liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose (EC) or (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a scaffolding medium for the inorganic deposition. 26536381 6 77 theme polymer 1605:1611 arg1 composites 1613:1622 the optically functionalized cellulosic/synthetic polymer composites 1555:1622 the optically functionalized cellulosic/synthetic polymer composites 1555:1622 Dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetry revealed that the inorganic hybridization remarkably enhanced the thermal and mechanical performance of the optically functionalized cellulosic/synthetic polymer composites; however, the effect was more drastic in the EC/PAA series rather than the HPC/PAA series, reflecting the difference in the deposited mineral amount between the two. 26536381 0 78 theme Derivative/Poly 46:60 arg1 Composites 76:85 Cellulose Derivative/Poly(acrylic acid) Composites 36:85 Cellulose Derivative/Poly(acrylic acid) Composites Having a Chiral Nematic Mesomorphic Structure 36:131 Calcium Phosphate Mineralization in Cellulose Derivative/Poly(acrylic acid) Composites Having a Chiral Nematic Mesomorphic Structure. 26536381 2 79 theme colored 419:425 arg1 form 432:435 colored film form 419:435 colored film form 419:435 The EC/PAA and HPC/PAA samples were prepared in colored film form from EC and HPC lyotropic liquid crystals of left-handed and right-handed chiral nematics, respectively, by polymerization and cross-linking of acrylic acid as the main solvent component. 26536381 3 80 from Ca 790:791 arg1 solution 751:758 an aqueous salt solution 735:758 an aqueous salt solution containing the relevant ions 735:787 The mineralization was allowed to proceed in a batchwise operation by soaking the liquid-crystalline films in an aqueous salt solution containing the relevant ions, Ca(2+) and HPO4(2-). 26536381 4 81 dep EC/PAA 843:848 arg1 gain 881:884 weight gain 874:884 weight gain 874:884 The calcium phosphate-deposited EC/PAA and HPC/PAA composites (weight gain, typically 15-25% and 6-11%, respectively) retained the chiral nematic organization of the respective original handedness but exhibited selective light-reflection of longer wavelengths relative to that of the corresponding nonmineralized samples. 26536381 4 81 dep EC/PAA 843:848 arg1 % 902:902 15-25% 897:902 15-25% 897:902 The calcium phosphate-deposited EC/PAA and HPC/PAA composites (weight gain, typically 15-25% and 6-11%, respectively) retained the chiral nematic organization of the respective original handedness but exhibited selective light-reflection of longer wavelengths relative to that of the corresponding nonmineralized samples. 26536381 4 81 dep EC/PAA 843:848 arg1 % 912:912 6-11% 908:912 6-11% 908:912 The calcium phosphate-deposited EC/PAA and HPC/PAA composites (weight gain, typically 15-25% and 6-11%, respectively) retained the chiral nematic organization of the respective original handedness but exhibited selective light-reflection of longer wavelengths relative to that of the corresponding nonmineralized samples. 26536381 0 82 theme acrylic 62:68 arg1 Derivative/Poly 46:60 Cellulose Derivative/Poly 36:60 Cellulose Derivative/Poly(acrylic acid) Composites Having a Chiral Nematic Mesomorphic Structure 36:131 Calcium Phosphate Mineralization in Cellulose Derivative/Poly(acrylic acid) Composites Having a Chiral Nematic Mesomorphic Structure. 26536381 0 82 theme acrylic 62:68 arg1 acid 70:73 acrylic acid 62:73 acrylic acid 62:73 Calcium Phosphate Mineralization in Cellulose Derivative/Poly(acrylic acid) Composites Having a Chiral Nematic Mesomorphic Structure. 26536381 1 83 with composites 198:207 arg1 poly 292:295 poly 292:295 poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) 292:315 Calcium phosphate mineralization was conducted by using polymer composites of liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose (EC) or (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a scaffolding medium for the inorganic deposition. 26536381 1 83 with composites 198:207 arg1 acid 305:308 acrylic acid 297:308 acrylic acid 297:308 Calcium phosphate mineralization was conducted by using polymer composites of liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose (EC) or (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a scaffolding medium for the inorganic deposition. 26536381 1 83 with composites 198:207 arg1 PAA 312:314 PAA 312:314 PAA 312:314 Calcium phosphate mineralization was conducted by using polymer composites of liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose (EC) or (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a scaffolding medium for the inorganic deposition. 26536381 6 84 theme deposited 1748:1756 arg1 amount 1766:1771 the deposited mineral amount 1744:1771 the deposited mineral amount 1744:1771 Dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetry revealed that the inorganic hybridization remarkably enhanced the thermal and mechanical performance of the optically functionalized cellulosic/synthetic polymer composites; however, the effect was more drastic in the EC/PAA series rather than the HPC/PAA series, reflecting the difference in the deposited mineral amount between the two. 26536381 1 85 theme acrylic 297:303 arg1 poly 292:295 poly 292:295 poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) 292:315 Calcium phosphate mineralization was conducted by using polymer composites of liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose (EC) or (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a scaffolding medium for the inorganic deposition. 26536381 1 85 theme acrylic 297:303 arg1 acid 305:308 acrylic acid 297:308 acrylic acid 297:308 Calcium phosphate mineralization was conducted by using polymer composites of liquid-crystalline (ethyl)cellulose (EC) or (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a scaffolding medium for the inorganic deposition. 26536381 4 86 theme respective 977:986 arg1 handedness 997:1006 the respective original handedness 973:1006 the respective original handedness 973:1006 The calcium phosphate-deposited EC/PAA and HPC/PAA composites (weight gain, typically 15-25% and 6-11%, respectively) retained the chiral nematic organization of the respective original handedness but exhibited selective light-reflection of longer wavelengths relative to that of the corresponding nonmineralized samples. 26536381 5 87 theme spectroscopy 1184:1195 arg1 measurements 1197:1208 X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements 1138:1208 X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements 1138:1208 From X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements, it was deduced that the calcium and phosphorus were incorporated inside the polymer matrices in three forms: amorphous calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and a certain complex of PAA-Ca(2+). 26536381 4 88 theme handedness 997:1006 arg1 organization 957:968 the chiral nematic organization 938:968 the chiral nematic organization of the respective original handedness 938:1006 The calcium phosphate-deposited EC/PAA and HPC/PAA composites (weight gain, typically 15-25% and 6-11%, respectively) retained the chiral nematic organization of the respective original handedness but exhibited selective light-reflection of longer wavelengths relative to that of the corresponding nonmineralized samples. 26536381 3 89 contain containing 760:769 arg2 ions 784:787 the relevant ions 771:787 the relevant ions 771:787 The mineralization was allowed to proceed in a batchwise operation by soaking the liquid-crystalline films in an aqueous salt solution containing the relevant ions, Ca(2+) and HPO4(2-). 26536381 3 89 contain containing 760:769 arg1 solution 751:758 an aqueous salt solution 735:758 an aqueous salt solution containing the relevant ions 735:787 The mineralization was allowed to proceed in a batchwise operation by soaking the liquid-crystalline films in an aqueous salt solution containing the relevant ions, Ca(2+) and HPO4(2-). 26536381 5 90 theme amorphous 1320:1328 arg1 forms 1313:1317 three forms 1307:1317 three forms: amorphous calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and a certain complex of PAA-Ca(2+) 1307:1399 From X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements, it was deduced that the calcium and phosphorus were incorporated inside the polymer matrices in three forms: amorphous calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and a certain complex of PAA-Ca(2+). 26536381 5 90 theme amorphous 1320:1328 arg1 phosphate 1338:1346 amorphous calcium phosphate 1320:1346 amorphous calcium phosphate 1320:1346 From X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements, it was deduced that the calcium and phosphorus were incorporated inside the polymer matrices in three forms: amorphous calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and a certain complex of PAA-Ca(2+). 26536381 6 91 theme mechanical 1410:1419 arg1 analysis 1421:1428 Dynamic mechanical analysis 1402:1428 Dynamic mechanical analysis 1402:1428 Dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetry revealed that the inorganic hybridization remarkably enhanced the thermal and mechanical performance of the optically functionalized cellulosic/synthetic polymer composites; however, the effect was more drastic in the EC/PAA series rather than the HPC/PAA series, reflecting the difference in the deposited mineral amount between the two. 28890220 0 0 theme Pseudomonas 76:86 arg1 infection 104:112 Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection 76:112 Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection 76:112 Production of highly stable spray dried phage formulations for treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection. 28890220 4 1 theme different 696:704 arg1 excipients 706:715 different excipients 696:715 different excipients 696:715 Design of experiments was utilised to assess the effect of different excipients on the stabilisation and aerosolisation of spray dried phages. 28890220 5 2 theme podovirus 785:793 arg1 phages 808:813 Both podovirus and myovirus phages 780:813 phages 808:813 Both podovirus and myovirus phages were stable in spray dried formulations containing trehalose or lactose and leucine as excipients with less than 1-log10 titre reduction during spray drying, with lactose providing superior phage protection over trehalose. 28890220 2 3 theme spray 371:375 arg1 podovirus 433:441 PEV podovirus 429:441 PEV podovirus 429:441 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of excipients on stabilisation and aerosolisation of spray dried powders of morphologically different phages - PEV podovirus and PEV myovirus. 28890220 2 3 theme spray 371:375 arg1 myovirus 451:458 PEV myovirus 447:458 PEV myovirus 447:458 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of excipients on stabilisation and aerosolisation of spray dried powders of morphologically different phages - PEV podovirus and PEV myovirus. 28890220 2 3 theme spray 371:375 arg1 powders 383:389 spray dried powders 371:389 spray dried powders of morphologically different phages - PEV podovirus and PEV myovirus 371:458 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of excipients on stabilisation and aerosolisation of spray dried powders of morphologically different phages - PEV podovirus and PEV myovirus. 28890220 5 4 from stable 820:825 arg1 formulations 842:853 spray dried formulations 830:853 spray dried formulations containing trehalose or lactose and leucine as excipients with less than 1-log10 titre reduction during spray drying 830:970 Both podovirus and myovirus phages were stable in spray dried formulations containing trehalose or lactose and leucine as excipients with less than 1-log10 titre reduction during spray drying, with lactose providing superior phage protection over trehalose. 28890220 3 5 theme bacterial 536:544 arg1 hosts 546:550 bacterial hosts 536:550 bacterial hosts 536:550 Seven anti-pseudomonal phages were screened against 90 clinical strains of bacterial hosts and three of the phages were selected for formulation study based on the host range. 28890220 0 6 theme lung 99:102 arg1 infection 104:112 Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection 76:112 Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection 76:112 Production of highly stable spray dried phage formulations for treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection. 28890220 3 7 theme hosts 546:550 arg1 strains 525:531 90 clinical strains 513:531 90 clinical strains of bacterial hosts 513:550 Seven anti-pseudomonal phages were screened against 90 clinical strains of bacterial hosts and three of the phages were selected for formulation study based on the host range. 28890220 5 8 dep titre 936:940 arg1 1-log10 928:934 1-log10 928:934 1-log10 928:934 Both podovirus and myovirus phages were stable in spray dried formulations containing trehalose or lactose and leucine as excipients with less than 1-log10 titre reduction during spray drying, with lactose providing superior phage protection over trehalose. 28890220 4 9 theme dried 766:770 arg1 phages 772:777 spray dried phages 760:777 spray dried phages 760:777 Design of experiments was utilised to assess the effect of different excipients on the stabilisation and aerosolisation of spray dried phages. 28890220 0 10 theme aeruginosa 88:97 arg1 infection 104:112 Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection 76:112 Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection 76:112 Production of highly stable spray dried phage formulations for treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection. 28890220 5 11 theme superior 996:1003 arg1 protection 1011:1020 superior phage protection 996:1020 superior phage protection 996:1020 Both podovirus and myovirus phages were stable in spray dried formulations containing trehalose or lactose and leucine as excipients with less than 1-log10 titre reduction during spray drying, with lactose providing superior phage protection over trehalose. 28890220 7 12 theme phage 1255:1259 arg1 formulations 1261:1272 respirable dry powder phage formulations 1233:1272 respirable dry powder phage formulations using the same excipient composition 1233:1309 The results showed that the phages in this study can form respirable dry powder phage formulations using the same excipient composition. 28890220 3 13 theme phages 569:574 arg1 three 556:560 three 556:560 three 556:560 Seven anti-pseudomonal phages were screened against 90 clinical strains of bacterial hosts and three of the phages were selected for formulation study based on the host range. 28890220 3 13 theme phages 569:574 arg1 phages 569:574 the phages 565:574 the phages 565:574 Seven anti-pseudomonal phages were screened against 90 clinical strains of bacterial hosts and three of the phages were selected for formulation study based on the host range. 28890220 4 14 from effect 686:691 arg1 stabilisation 724:736 stabilisation 724:736 stabilisation 724:736 Design of experiments was utilised to assess the effect of different excipients on the stabilisation and aerosolisation of spray dried phages. 28890220 4 14 from effect 686:691 arg1 aerosolisation 742:755 aerosolisation 742:755 aerosolisation 742:755 Design of experiments was utilised to assess the effect of different excipients on the stabilisation and aerosolisation of spray dried phages. 28890220 5 15 theme spray 959:963 arg1 drying 965:970 spray drying 959:970 spray drying 959:970 Both podovirus and myovirus phages were stable in spray dried formulations containing trehalose or lactose and leucine as excipients with less than 1-log10 titre reduction during spray drying, with lactose providing superior phage protection over trehalose. 28890220 5 16 with stable 820:825 arg1 lactose 978:984 lactose 978:984 lactose providing superior phage protection over trehalose 978:1035 Both podovirus and myovirus phages were stable in spray dried formulations containing trehalose or lactose and leucine as excipients with less than 1-log10 titre reduction during spray drying, with lactose providing superior phage protection over trehalose. 28890220 5 17 from formulations 842:853 arg1 stable 820:825 stable 820:825 stable 820:825 Both podovirus and myovirus phages were stable in spray dried formulations containing trehalose or lactose and leucine as excipients with less than 1-log10 titre reduction during spray drying, with lactose providing superior phage protection over trehalose. 28890220 4 18 theme spray 760:764 arg1 phages 772:777 spray dried phages 760:777 spray dried phages 760:777 Design of experiments was utilised to assess the effect of different excipients on the stabilisation and aerosolisation of spray dried phages. 28890220 2 19 dep powders 383:389 arg1 podovirus 433:441 PEV podovirus 429:441 PEV podovirus 429:441 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of excipients on stabilisation and aerosolisation of spray dried powders of morphologically different phages - PEV podovirus and PEV myovirus. 28890220 2 19 dep powders 383:389 arg1 myovirus 451:458 PEV myovirus 447:458 PEV myovirus 447:458 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of excipients on stabilisation and aerosolisation of spray dried powders of morphologically different phages - PEV podovirus and PEV myovirus. 28890220 2 19 dep powders 383:389 arg1 powders 383:389 spray dried powders 371:389 spray dried powders of morphologically different phages - PEV podovirus and PEV myovirus 371:458 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of excipients on stabilisation and aerosolisation of spray dried powders of morphologically different phages - PEV podovirus and PEV myovirus. 28890220 8 20 theme pulmonary 1402:1410 arg1 infections 1412:1421 pulmonary infections 1402:1421 pulmonary infections 1402:1421 Spray dried various types of lytic phages hold significant potential for the treatment of pulmonary infections. 28890220 2 21 theme phages 420:425 arg1 podovirus 433:441 PEV podovirus 429:441 PEV podovirus 429:441 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of excipients on stabilisation and aerosolisation of spray dried powders of morphologically different phages - PEV podovirus and PEV myovirus. 28890220 2 21 theme phages 420:425 arg1 myovirus 451:458 PEV myovirus 447:458 PEV myovirus 447:458 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of excipients on stabilisation and aerosolisation of spray dried powders of morphologically different phages - PEV podovirus and PEV myovirus. 28890220 2 21 theme phages 420:425 arg1 powders 383:389 spray dried powders 371:389 spray dried powders of morphologically different phages - PEV podovirus and PEV myovirus 371:458 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of excipients on stabilisation and aerosolisation of spray dried powders of morphologically different phages - PEV podovirus and PEV myovirus. 28890220 0 22 theme infection 104:112 arg1 treatment 63:71 treatment 63:71 treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection 63:112 Production of highly stable spray dried phage formulations for treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection. 28890220 5 23 theme myovirus 799:806 arg1 phages 808:813 Both podovirus and myovirus phages 780:813 phages 808:813 Both podovirus and myovirus phages were stable in spray dried formulations containing trehalose or lactose and leucine as excipients with less than 1-log10 titre reduction during spray drying, with lactose providing superior phage protection over trehalose. 28890220 8 24 theme Spray 1312:1316 arg1 types 1332:1336 Spray dried various types 1312:1336 Spray dried various types of lytic phages 1312:1352 Spray dried various types of lytic phages hold significant potential for the treatment of pulmonary infections. 28890220 2 25 theme study 282:286 arg1 purpose 266:272 The purpose 262:272 The purpose of this study 262:286 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of excipients on stabilisation and aerosolisation of spray dried powders of morphologically different phages - PEV podovirus and PEV myovirus. 28890220 1 26 theme pulmonary 175:183 arg1 infections 185:194 pulmonary infections 175:194 pulmonary infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria 175:234 The potential of bacteriophage therapy for the treatment of pulmonary infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria has been well recognised. 28890220 2 27 theme excipients 321:330 arg1 effect 311:316 the effect 307:316 the effect of excipients on stabilisation and aerosolisation of spray dried powders of morphologically different phages - PEV podovirus and PEV myovirus 307:458 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of excipients on stabilisation and aerosolisation of spray dried powders of morphologically different phages - PEV podovirus and PEV myovirus. 28890220 7 28 theme same 1284:1287 arg1 composition 1299:1309 the same excipient composition 1280:1309 the same excipient composition 1280:1309 The results showed that the phages in this study can form respirable dry powder phage formulations using the same excipient composition. 28890220 1 29 theme infections 185:194 arg1 treatment 162:170 the treatment 158:170 the treatment of pulmonary infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria 158:234 The potential of bacteriophage therapy for the treatment of pulmonary infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria has been well recognised. 28890220 5 30 theme spray 830:834 arg1 formulations 842:853 spray dried formulations 830:853 spray dried formulations containing trehalose or lactose and leucine as excipients with less than 1-log10 titre reduction during spray drying 830:970 Both podovirus and myovirus phages were stable in spray dried formulations containing trehalose or lactose and leucine as excipients with less than 1-log10 titre reduction during spray drying, with lactose providing superior phage protection over trehalose. 28890220 7 31 theme powder 1248:1253 arg1 formulations 1261:1272 respirable dry powder phage formulations 1233:1272 respirable dry powder phage formulations using the same excipient composition 1233:1309 The results showed that the phages in this study can form respirable dry powder phage formulations using the same excipient composition. 28890220 3 32 theme formulation 594:604 arg1 study 606:610 formulation study 594:610 formulation study based on the host range 594:634 Seven anti-pseudomonal phages were screened against 90 clinical strains of bacterial hosts and three of the phages were selected for formulation study based on the host range. 28890220 0 33 theme stable 21:26 arg1 formulations 46:57 highly stable spray dried phage formulations 14:57 highly stable spray dried phage formulations 14:57 Production of highly stable spray dried phage formulations for treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection. 28890220 8 34 theme dried 1318:1322 arg1 types 1332:1336 Spray dried various types 1312:1336 Spray dried various types of lytic phages 1312:1352 Spray dried various types of lytic phages hold significant potential for the treatment of pulmonary infections. 28890220 5 35 contain containing 855:864 arg2 excipients 902:911 excipients 902:911 excipients with less than 1-log10 titre reduction during spray drying 902:970 Both podovirus and myovirus phages were stable in spray dried formulations containing trehalose or lactose and leucine as excipients with less than 1-log10 titre reduction during spray drying, with lactose providing superior phage protection over trehalose. 28890220 5 35 contain containing 855:864 arg2 lactose 879:885 lactose 879:885 lactose 879:885 Both podovirus and myovirus phages were stable in spray dried formulations containing trehalose or lactose and leucine as excipients with less than 1-log10 titre reduction during spray drying, with lactose providing superior phage protection over trehalose. 28890220 5 35 contain containing 855:864 arg2 trehalose 866:874 trehalose 866:874 trehalose 866:874 Both podovirus and myovirus phages were stable in spray dried formulations containing trehalose or lactose and leucine as excipients with less than 1-log10 titre reduction during spray drying, with lactose providing superior phage protection over trehalose. 28890220 5 35 contain containing 855:864 arg1 formulations 842:853 spray dried formulations 830:853 spray dried formulations containing trehalose or lactose and leucine as excipients with less than 1-log10 titre reduction during spray drying 830:970 Both podovirus and myovirus phages were stable in spray dried formulations containing trehalose or lactose and leucine as excipients with less than 1-log10 titre reduction during spray drying, with lactose providing superior phage protection over trehalose. 28890220 4 36 theme phages 772:777 arg1 stabilisation 724:736 stabilisation 724:736 stabilisation 724:736 Design of experiments was utilised to assess the effect of different excipients on the stabilisation and aerosolisation of spray dried phages. 28890220 4 36 theme phages 772:777 arg1 aerosolisation 742:755 aerosolisation 742:755 aerosolisation 742:755 Design of experiments was utilised to assess the effect of different excipients on the stabilisation and aerosolisation of spray dried phages. 28890220 4 37 theme experiments 647:657 arg1 Design 637:642 Design 637:642 Design of experiments 637:657 Design of experiments was utilised to assess the effect of different excipients on the stabilisation and aerosolisation of spray dried phages. 28890220 2 38 theme PEV 447:449 arg1 myovirus 451:458 PEV myovirus 447:458 PEV myovirus 447:458 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of excipients on stabilisation and aerosolisation of spray dried powders of morphologically different phages - PEV podovirus and PEV myovirus. 28890220 2 38 theme PEV 447:449 arg1 powders 383:389 spray dried powders 371:389 spray dried powders of morphologically different phages - PEV podovirus and PEV myovirus 371:458 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of excipients on stabilisation and aerosolisation of spray dried powders of morphologically different phages - PEV podovirus and PEV myovirus. 28890220 5 39 theme phage 1005:1009 arg1 protection 1011:1020 superior phage protection 996:1020 superior phage protection 996:1020 Both podovirus and myovirus phages were stable in spray dried formulations containing trehalose or lactose and leucine as excipients with less than 1-log10 titre reduction during spray drying, with lactose providing superior phage protection over trehalose. 28890220 7 40 from phages 1203:1208 arg1 study 1218:1222 this study 1213:1222 this study 1213:1222 The results showed that the phages in this study can form respirable dry powder phage formulations using the same excipient composition. 28890220 4 41 theme excipients 706:715 arg1 effect 686:691 the effect 682:691 the effect of different excipients on the stabilisation and aerosolisation of spray dried phages 682:777 Design of experiments was utilised to assess the effect of different excipients on the stabilisation and aerosolisation of spray dried phages. 28890220 1 42 theme antibiotic-resistant 206:225 arg1 bacteria 227:234 antibiotic-resistant bacteria 206:234 antibiotic-resistant bacteria 206:234 The potential of bacteriophage therapy for the treatment of pulmonary infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria has been well recognised. 28890220 0 43 theme dried 34:38 arg1 formulations 46:57 highly stable spray dried phage formulations 14:57 highly stable spray dried phage formulations 14:57 Production of highly stable spray dried phage formulations for treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection. 28890220 8 44 theme lytic 1341:1345 arg1 phages 1347:1352 lytic phages 1341:1352 lytic phages 1341:1352 Spray dried various types of lytic phages hold significant potential for the treatment of pulmonary infections. 28890220 3 45 theme anti-pseudomonal 467:482 arg1 phages 484:489 Seven anti-pseudomonal phages 461:489 Seven anti-pseudomonal phages 461:489 Seven anti-pseudomonal phages were screened against 90 clinical strains of bacterial hosts and three of the phages were selected for formulation study based on the host range. 28890220 2 46 theme PEV 429:431 arg1 podovirus 433:441 PEV podovirus 429:441 PEV podovirus 429:441 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of excipients on stabilisation and aerosolisation of spray dried powders of morphologically different phages - PEV podovirus and PEV myovirus. 28890220 2 46 theme PEV 429:431 arg1 powders 383:389 spray dried powders 371:389 spray dried powders of morphologically different phages - PEV podovirus and PEV myovirus 371:458 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of excipients on stabilisation and aerosolisation of spray dried powders of morphologically different phages - PEV podovirus and PEV myovirus. 28890220 0 47 theme spray 28:32 arg1 formulations 46:57 highly stable spray dried phage formulations 14:57 highly stable spray dried phage formulations 14:57 Production of highly stable spray dried phage formulations for treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection. 28890220 5 48 theme dried 836:840 arg1 formulations 842:853 spray dried formulations 830:853 spray dried formulations containing trehalose or lactose and leucine as excipients with less than 1-log10 titre reduction during spray drying 830:970 Both podovirus and myovirus phages were stable in spray dried formulations containing trehalose or lactose and leucine as excipients with less than 1-log10 titre reduction during spray drying, with lactose providing superior phage protection over trehalose. 28890220 6 49 theme phage 1067:1071 arg1 formulations 1073:1084 the spray dried phage formulations 1051:1084 the spray dried phage formulations dispersed in an Osmohaler at 85L/min 1051:1121 Furthermore, the spray dried phage formulations dispersed in an Osmohaler at 85L/min produced a high fine particle fraction of over 50%. 28890220 0 50 theme formulations 46:57 arg1 Production 0:9 Production 0:9 Production of highly stable spray dried phage formulations for treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection. 0:113 Production of highly stable spray dried phage formulations for treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection. 28890220 6 51 theme fine 1139:1142 arg1 fraction 1153:1160 a high fine particle fraction 1132:1160 a high fine particle fraction of over 50% 1132:1172 Furthermore, the spray dried phage formulations dispersed in an Osmohaler at 85L/min produced a high fine particle fraction of over 50%. 28890220 3 52 theme clinical 516:523 arg1 strains 525:531 90 clinical strains 513:531 90 clinical strains of bacterial hosts 513:550 Seven anti-pseudomonal phages were screened against 90 clinical strains of bacterial hosts and three of the phages were selected for formulation study based on the host range. 28890220 0 53 theme phage 40:44 arg1 formulations 46:57 highly stable spray dried phage formulations 14:57 highly stable spray dried phage formulations 14:57 Production of highly stable spray dried phage formulations for treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection. 28890220 5 54 with excipients 902:911 arg1 reduction 942:950 less than 1-log10 titre reduction 918:950 less than 1-log10 titre reduction during spray drying 918:970 Both podovirus and myovirus phages were stable in spray dried formulations containing trehalose or lactose and leucine as excipients with less than 1-log10 titre reduction during spray drying, with lactose providing superior phage protection over trehalose. 28890220 6 55 theme % 1172:1172 arg1 fraction 1153:1160 a high fine particle fraction 1132:1160 a high fine particle fraction of over 50% 1132:1172 Furthermore, the spray dried phage formulations dispersed in an Osmohaler at 85L/min produced a high fine particle fraction of over 50%. 28890220 7 56 theme excipient 1289:1297 arg1 composition 1299:1309 the same excipient composition 1280:1309 the same excipient composition 1280:1309 The results showed that the phages in this study can form respirable dry powder phage formulations using the same excipient composition. 28890220 1 57 theme therapy 146:152 arg1 potential 119:127 The potential 115:127 The potential of bacteriophage therapy for the treatment of pulmonary infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria 115:234 The potential of bacteriophage therapy for the treatment of pulmonary infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria has been well recognised. 28890220 8 58 theme infections 1412:1421 arg1 treatment 1389:1397 the treatment 1385:1397 the treatment of pulmonary infections 1385:1421 Spray dried various types of lytic phages hold significant potential for the treatment of pulmonary infections. 28890220 8 59 theme various 1324:1330 arg1 types 1332:1336 Spray dried various types 1312:1336 Spray dried various types of lytic phages 1312:1352 Spray dried various types of lytic phages hold significant potential for the treatment of pulmonary infections. 28890220 4 60 dep stabilisation 724:736 arg1 the 720:722 the 720:722 the 720:722 Design of experiments was utilised to assess the effect of different excipients on the stabilisation and aerosolisation of spray dried phages. 28890220 6 61 theme dried 1061:1065 arg1 formulations 1073:1084 the spray dried phage formulations 1051:1084 the spray dried phage formulations dispersed in an Osmohaler at 85L/min 1051:1121 Furthermore, the spray dried phage formulations dispersed in an Osmohaler at 85L/min produced a high fine particle fraction of over 50%. 28890220 5 62 dep reduction 942:950 arg1 titre 936:940 titre 936:940 titre 936:940 Both podovirus and myovirus phages were stable in spray dried formulations containing trehalose or lactose and leucine as excipients with less than 1-log10 titre reduction during spray drying, with lactose providing superior phage protection over trehalose. 28890220 8 63 theme significant 1359:1369 arg1 potential 1371:1379 significant potential 1359:1379 significant potential for the treatment of pulmonary infections 1359:1421 Spray dried various types of lytic phages hold significant potential for the treatment of pulmonary infections. 28890220 1 64 theme bacteriophage 132:144 arg1 therapy 146:152 bacteriophage therapy 132:152 bacteriophage therapy 132:152 The potential of bacteriophage therapy for the treatment of pulmonary infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria has been well recognised. 28890220 8 65 theme phages 1347:1352 arg1 types 1332:1336 Spray dried various types 1312:1336 Spray dried various types of lytic phages 1312:1352 Spray dried various types of lytic phages hold significant potential for the treatment of pulmonary infections. 28890220 6 66 theme spray 1055:1059 arg1 formulations 1073:1084 the spray dried phage formulations 1051:1084 the spray dried phage formulations dispersed in an Osmohaler at 85L/min 1051:1121 Furthermore, the spray dried phage formulations dispersed in an Osmohaler at 85L/min produced a high fine particle fraction of over 50%. 28890220 7 67 theme respirable 1233:1242 arg1 formulations 1261:1272 respirable dry powder phage formulations 1233:1272 respirable dry powder phage formulations using the same excipient composition 1233:1309 The results showed that the phages in this study can form respirable dry powder phage formulations using the same excipient composition. 28890220 6 68 theme high 1134:1137 arg1 fraction 1153:1160 a high fine particle fraction 1132:1160 a high fine particle fraction of over 50% 1132:1172 Furthermore, the spray dried phage formulations dispersed in an Osmohaler at 85L/min produced a high fine particle fraction of over 50%. 28890220 3 69 theme host 625:628 arg1 range 630:634 the host range 621:634 the host range 621:634 Seven anti-pseudomonal phages were screened against 90 clinical strains of bacterial hosts and three of the phages were selected for formulation study based on the host range. 28890220 2 70 theme powders 383:389 arg1 aerosolisation 353:366 aerosolisation 353:366 aerosolisation 353:366 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of excipients on stabilisation and aerosolisation of spray dried powders of morphologically different phages - PEV podovirus and PEV myovirus. 28890220 2 70 theme powders 383:389 arg1 stabilisation 335:347 stabilisation 335:347 stabilisation 335:347 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of excipients on stabilisation and aerosolisation of spray dried powders of morphologically different phages - PEV podovirus and PEV myovirus. 28890220 2 71 theme different 410:418 arg1 phages 420:425 morphologically different phages 394:425 morphologically different phages 394:425 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of excipients on stabilisation and aerosolisation of spray dried powders of morphologically different phages - PEV podovirus and PEV myovirus. 28890220 7 72 theme dry 1244:1246 arg1 formulations 1261:1272 respirable dry powder phage formulations 1233:1272 respirable dry powder phage formulations using the same excipient composition 1233:1309 The results showed that the phages in this study can form respirable dry powder phage formulations using the same excipient composition. 28890220 6 73 theme particle 1144:1151 arg1 fraction 1153:1160 a high fine particle fraction 1132:1160 a high fine particle fraction of over 50% 1132:1172 Furthermore, the spray dried phage formulations dispersed in an Osmohaler at 85L/min produced a high fine particle fraction of over 50%. 28890220 2 74 theme dried 377:381 arg1 podovirus 433:441 PEV podovirus 429:441 PEV podovirus 429:441 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of excipients on stabilisation and aerosolisation of spray dried powders of morphologically different phages - PEV podovirus and PEV myovirus. 28890220 2 74 theme dried 377:381 arg1 myovirus 451:458 PEV myovirus 447:458 PEV myovirus 447:458 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of excipients on stabilisation and aerosolisation of spray dried powders of morphologically different phages - PEV podovirus and PEV myovirus. 28890220 2 74 theme dried 377:381 arg1 powders 383:389 spray dried powders 371:389 spray dried powders of morphologically different phages - PEV podovirus and PEV myovirus 371:458 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of excipients on stabilisation and aerosolisation of spray dried powders of morphologically different phages - PEV podovirus and PEV myovirus. 28890220 2 75 from effect 311:316 arg1 aerosolisation 353:366 aerosolisation 353:366 aerosolisation 353:366 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of excipients on stabilisation and aerosolisation of spray dried powders of morphologically different phages - PEV podovirus and PEV myovirus. 28890220 2 75 from effect 311:316 arg1 stabilisation 335:347 stabilisation 335:347 stabilisation 335:347 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of excipients on stabilisation and aerosolisation of spray dried powders of morphologically different phages - PEV podovirus and PEV myovirus. 27474564 6 0 theme mechanical 884:893 arg1 properties 895:904 excellent mechanical properties 874:904 excellent mechanical properties 874:904 What's more, the film is transparent and possesses excellent mechanical properties, expected to apply in the field of agricultural planting for sunlight conversion. 27474564 4 1 theme excitation 625:634 arg1 light 636:640 absorbing excitation light 615:640 absorbing excitation light 615:640 Besides, the CMC matrix neither competes for absorbing excitation light nor absorbs the emissions of CDs, which reserves the inherent optical properties of the individual CDs. 27474564 4 2 theme CDs 671:673 arg1 emissions 658:666 the emissions 654:666 the emissions 654:666 Besides, the CMC matrix neither competes for absorbing excitation light nor absorbs the emissions of CDs, which reserves the inherent optical properties of the individual CDs. 27474564 1 3 theme CDs 245:247 arg1 dispersion 231:240 dispersion 231:240 dispersion of CDs in CMC aqueous solution 231:271 Transparent sunlight conversion film based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and carbon dots (CDs) has been developed for the first time through dispersion of CDs in CMC aqueous solution. 27474564 3 4 theme electron 465:472 arg1 microscopy 438:447 atomic force microscopy 425:447 atomic force microscopy (AFM) 425:453 The results from atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirm that the composite film possesses a homogeneous and compact structure. 27474564 3 4 theme electron 465:472 arg1 SEM 486:488 SEM 486:488 SEM 486:488 The results from atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirm that the composite film possesses a homogeneous and compact structure. 27474564 3 4 theme electron 465:472 arg1 microscopy 474:483 scanning electron microscopy 456:483 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 456:489 The results from atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirm that the composite film possesses a homogeneous and compact structure. 27474564 1 5 theme carbon 167:172 arg1 CDs 180:182 CDs 180:182 CDs 180:182 Transparent sunlight conversion film based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and carbon dots (CDs) has been developed for the first time through dispersion of CDs in CMC aqueous solution. 27474564 1 5 theme carbon 167:172 arg1 dots 174:177 carbon dots 167:177 carbon dots (CDs) 167:183 Transparent sunlight conversion film based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and carbon dots (CDs) has been developed for the first time through dispersion of CDs in CMC aqueous solution. 27474564 3 6 contain possesses 523:531 arg2 structure 559:567 a homogeneous and compact structure 533:567 a homogeneous and compact structure 533:567 The results from atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirm that the composite film possesses a homogeneous and compact structure. 27474564 3 6 contain possesses 523:531 arg1 film 518:521 the composite film 504:521 the composite film 504:521 The results from atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirm that the composite film possesses a homogeneous and compact structure. 27474564 4 7 theme individual 730:739 arg1 CDs 741:743 the individual CDs 726:743 the individual CDs 726:743 Besides, the CMC matrix neither competes for absorbing excitation light nor absorbs the emissions of CDs, which reserves the inherent optical properties of the individual CDs. 27474564 0 8 theme Transparent 0:10 arg1 film 32:35 Transparent sunlight conversion film 0:35 Transparent sunlight conversion film 0:35 Transparent sunlight conversion film based on carboxymethyl cellulose and carbon dots. 27474564 4 9 theme CMC 583:585 arg1 matrix 587:592 the CMC matrix 579:592 the CMC matrix 579:592 Besides, the CMC matrix neither competes for absorbing excitation light nor absorbs the emissions of CDs, which reserves the inherent optical properties of the individual CDs. 27474564 0 10 theme sunlight 12:19 arg1 film 32:35 Transparent sunlight conversion film 0:35 Transparent sunlight conversion film 0:35 Transparent sunlight conversion film based on carboxymethyl cellulose and carbon dots. 27474564 1 11 theme Transparent 87:97 arg1 film 119:122 Transparent sunlight conversion film 87:122 Transparent sunlight conversion film based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and carbon dots (CDs) 87:183 Transparent sunlight conversion film based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and carbon dots (CDs) has been developed for the first time through dispersion of CDs in CMC aqueous solution. 27474564 2 12 theme polar 394:398 arg1 groups 400:405 polar groups 394:405 polar groups 394:405 Due to the hydrogen bonds interaction, CMC can effectively absorb the CDs, whose surfaces are functionalized by lots of polar groups. 27474564 3 13 from microscopy 438:447 arg1 results 412:418 The results 408:418 The results from atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 408:489 The results from atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirm that the composite film possesses a homogeneous and compact structure. 27474564 1 14 theme sunlight 99:106 arg1 film 119:122 Transparent sunlight conversion film 87:122 Transparent sunlight conversion film based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and carbon dots (CDs) 87:183 Transparent sunlight conversion film based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and carbon dots (CDs) has been developed for the first time through dispersion of CDs in CMC aqueous solution. 27474564 5 15 theme blue 811:814 arg1 light 816:820 blue light 811:820 blue light 811:820 The composite films can efficiently convert ultraviolet light to blue light. 27474564 1 16 theme CMC 252:254 arg1 solution 264:271 CMC aqueous solution 252:271 CMC aqueous solution 252:271 Transparent sunlight conversion film based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and carbon dots (CDs) has been developed for the first time through dispersion of CDs in CMC aqueous solution. 27474564 1 17 theme conversion 108:117 arg1 film 119:122 Transparent sunlight conversion film 87:122 Transparent sunlight conversion film based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and carbon dots (CDs) 87:183 Transparent sunlight conversion film based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and carbon dots (CDs) has been developed for the first time through dispersion of CDs in CMC aqueous solution. 27474564 0 18 theme conversion 21:30 arg1 film 32:35 Transparent sunlight conversion film 0:35 Transparent sunlight conversion film 0:35 Transparent sunlight conversion film based on carboxymethyl cellulose and carbon dots. 27474564 1 19 theme aqueous 256:262 arg1 solution 264:271 CMC aqueous solution 252:271 CMC aqueous solution 252:271 Transparent sunlight conversion film based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and carbon dots (CDs) has been developed for the first time through dispersion of CDs in CMC aqueous solution. 27474564 4 20 theme optical 704:710 arg1 properties 712:721 the inherent optical properties 691:721 the inherent optical properties of the individual CDs 691:743 Besides, the CMC matrix neither competes for absorbing excitation light nor absorbs the emissions of CDs, which reserves the inherent optical properties of the individual CDs. 27474564 6 21 theme sunlight 967:974 arg1 conversion 976:985 sunlight conversion 967:985 sunlight conversion 967:985 What's more, the film is transparent and possesses excellent mechanical properties, expected to apply in the field of agricultural planting for sunlight conversion. 27474564 6 22 theme excellent 874:882 arg1 properties 895:904 excellent mechanical properties 874:904 excellent mechanical properties 874:904 What's more, the film is transparent and possesses excellent mechanical properties, expected to apply in the field of agricultural planting for sunlight conversion. 27474564 5 23 theme ultraviolet 790:800 arg1 light 802:806 ultraviolet light 790:806 ultraviolet light 790:806 The composite films can efficiently convert ultraviolet light to blue light. 27474564 1 24 from dispersion 231:240 arg1 solution 264:271 CMC aqueous solution 252:271 CMC aqueous solution 252:271 Transparent sunlight conversion film based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and carbon dots (CDs) has been developed for the first time through dispersion of CDs in CMC aqueous solution. 27474564 4 25 theme CDs 741:743 arg1 properties 712:721 the inherent optical properties 691:721 the inherent optical properties of the individual CDs 691:743 Besides, the CMC matrix neither competes for absorbing excitation light nor absorbs the emissions of CDs, which reserves the inherent optical properties of the individual CDs. 27474564 6 26 theme planting 954:961 arg1 field 932:936 the field 928:936 the field of agricultural planting for sunlight conversion 928:985 What's more, the film is transparent and possesses excellent mechanical properties, expected to apply in the field of agricultural planting for sunlight conversion. 27474564 3 27 theme composite 508:516 arg1 film 518:521 the composite film 504:521 the composite film 504:521 The results from atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirm that the composite film possesses a homogeneous and compact structure. 27474564 0 28 theme carboxymethyl 46:58 arg1 cellulose 60:68 carboxymethyl cellulose 46:68 carboxymethyl cellulose 46:68 Transparent sunlight conversion film based on carboxymethyl cellulose and carbon dots. 27474564 3 29 theme atomic 425:430 arg1 microscopy 438:447 atomic force microscopy 425:447 atomic force microscopy (AFM) 425:453 The results from atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirm that the composite film possesses a homogeneous and compact structure. 27474564 3 29 theme atomic 425:430 arg1 microscopy 474:483 scanning electron microscopy 456:483 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 456:489 The results from atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirm that the composite film possesses a homogeneous and compact structure. 27474564 3 29 theme atomic 425:430 arg1 AFM 450:452 AFM 450:452 AFM 450:452 The results from atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirm that the composite film possesses a homogeneous and compact structure. 27474564 6 30 contain possesses 864:872 arg2 properties 895:904 excellent mechanical properties 874:904 excellent mechanical properties 874:904 What's more, the film is transparent and possesses excellent mechanical properties, expected to apply in the field of agricultural planting for sunlight conversion. 27474564 6 30 contain possesses 864:872 arg1 transparent 848:858 transparent 848:858 transparent 848:858 What's more, the film is transparent and possesses excellent mechanical properties, expected to apply in the field of agricultural planting for sunlight conversion. 27474564 6 30 contain possesses 864:872 arg1 film 840:843 the film 836:843 the film 836:843 What's more, the film is transparent and possesses excellent mechanical properties, expected to apply in the field of agricultural planting for sunlight conversion. 27474564 3 31 theme compact 551:557 arg1 structure 559:567 a homogeneous and compact structure 533:567 a homogeneous and compact structure 533:567 The results from atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirm that the composite film possesses a homogeneous and compact structure. 27474564 1 32 theme carboxymethyl 133:145 arg1 CMC 158:160 CMC 158:160 CMC 158:160 Transparent sunlight conversion film based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and carbon dots (CDs) has been developed for the first time through dispersion of CDs in CMC aqueous solution. 27474564 1 32 theme carboxymethyl 133:145 arg1 cellulose 147:155 carboxymethyl cellulose 133:155 carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 133:161 Transparent sunlight conversion film based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and carbon dots (CDs) has been developed for the first time through dispersion of CDs in CMC aqueous solution. 27474564 6 33 theme agricultural 941:952 arg1 planting 954:961 agricultural planting 941:961 agricultural planting for sunlight conversion 941:985 What's more, the film is transparent and possesses excellent mechanical properties, expected to apply in the field of agricultural planting for sunlight conversion. 27474564 4 34 theme inherent 695:702 arg1 properties 712:721 the inherent optical properties 691:721 the inherent optical properties of the individual CDs 691:743 Besides, the CMC matrix neither competes for absorbing excitation light nor absorbs the emissions of CDs, which reserves the inherent optical properties of the individual CDs. 27474564 2 35 theme hydrogen 285:292 arg1 interaction 300:310 the hydrogen bonds interaction 281:310 the hydrogen bonds interaction 281:310 Due to the hydrogen bonds interaction, CMC can effectively absorb the CDs, whose surfaces are functionalized by lots of polar groups. 27474564 2 36 theme bonds 294:298 arg1 interaction 300:310 the hydrogen bonds interaction 281:310 the hydrogen bonds interaction 281:310 Due to the hydrogen bonds interaction, CMC can effectively absorb the CDs, whose surfaces are functionalized by lots of polar groups. 27474564 0 37 theme carbon 74:79 arg1 dots 81:84 carbon dots 74:84 carbon dots 74:84 Transparent sunlight conversion film based on carboxymethyl cellulose and carbon dots. 27474564 3 38 theme homogeneous 535:545 arg1 structure 559:567 a homogeneous and compact structure 533:567 a homogeneous and compact structure 533:567 The results from atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirm that the composite film possesses a homogeneous and compact structure. 27474564 4 39 theme absorbing 615:623 arg1 light 636:640 absorbing excitation light 615:640 absorbing excitation light 615:640 Besides, the CMC matrix neither competes for absorbing excitation light nor absorbs the emissions of CDs, which reserves the inherent optical properties of the individual CDs. 27474564 3 40 theme force 432:436 arg1 microscopy 438:447 atomic force microscopy 425:447 atomic force microscopy (AFM) 425:453 The results from atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirm that the composite film possesses a homogeneous and compact structure. 27474564 3 40 theme force 432:436 arg1 microscopy 474:483 scanning electron microscopy 456:483 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 456:489 The results from atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirm that the composite film possesses a homogeneous and compact structure. 27474564 3 40 theme force 432:436 arg1 AFM 450:452 AFM 450:452 AFM 450:452 The results from atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirm that the composite film possesses a homogeneous and compact structure. 27474564 1 41 theme first 212:216 arg1 time 218:221 the first time 208:221 the first time 208:221 Transparent sunlight conversion film based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and carbon dots (CDs) has been developed for the first time through dispersion of CDs in CMC aqueous solution. 27474564 2 42 theme groups 400:405 arg1 lots 386:389 lots 386:389 lots of polar groups 386:405 Due to the hydrogen bonds interaction, CMC can effectively absorb the CDs, whose surfaces are functionalized by lots of polar groups. 27474564 2 42 theme groups 400:405 arg1 groups 400:405 polar groups 394:405 polar groups 394:405 Due to the hydrogen bonds interaction, CMC can effectively absorb the CDs, whose surfaces are functionalized by lots of polar groups. 27474564 5 43 theme composite 750:758 arg1 films 760:764 The composite films 746:764 The composite films 746:764 The composite films can efficiently convert ultraviolet light to blue light. 27474564 3 44 theme scanning 456:463 arg1 microscopy 438:447 atomic force microscopy 425:447 atomic force microscopy (AFM) 425:453 The results from atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirm that the composite film possesses a homogeneous and compact structure. 27474564 3 44 theme scanning 456:463 arg1 SEM 486:488 SEM 486:488 SEM 486:488 The results from atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirm that the composite film possesses a homogeneous and compact structure. 27474564 3 44 theme scanning 456:463 arg1 microscopy 474:483 scanning electron microscopy 456:483 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 456:489 The results from atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirm that the composite film possesses a homogeneous and compact structure. 28185931 5 0 theme acid 686:689 arg1 content 691:697 galacturonic acid content 673:697 galacturonic acid content of pectin 673:707 The protein, ash, carbohydrate and galacturonic acid content of pectin obtained under optimal conditions were about 1.5, 3.5, 10 and 48%, respectively. 28185931 2 1 from effect 242:247 arg1 degree 358:363 degree 358:363 degree 358:363 A central composite design (CCD) was applied to study the effect of temperature (35-95°C), time (40-200min), pH (1-3) and solvent to sample ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE). 28185931 2 1 from effect 242:247 arg1 yield 348:352 yield 348:352 yield 348:352 A central composite design (CCD) was applied to study the effect of temperature (35-95°C), time (40-200min), pH (1-3) and solvent to sample ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE). 28185931 7 2 theme emulsion 957:964 arg1 higher 980:985 higher 980:985 higher 980:985 The emulsifying activity was 35% and also, the emulsion stability was higher at 4°C than at 23°C. 28185931 7 2 theme emulsion 957:964 arg1 stability 966:974 the emulsion stability 953:974 the emulsion stability 953:974 The emulsifying activity was 35% and also, the emulsion stability was higher at 4°C than at 23°C. 28185931 0 3 from optimization 11:22 arg1 melon 70:74 melon 70:74 melon 70:74 Extraction optimization and physicochemical properties of pectin from melon peel. 28185931 4 4 theme 1 581:581 arg1 pH 575:576 pH 575:576 pH of 1 575:581 Also, the highest extraction yield (29.48±1.7%) was obtained under optimal conditions (pH of 1, temperature of 95°C and ratio of 10v/w after 200min). 28185931 4 4 theme 1 581:581 arg1 conditions 563:572 optimal conditions 555:572 optimal conditions (pH of 1, temperature of 95°C and ratio of 10v/w after 200min) 555:635 Also, the highest extraction yield (29.48±1.7%) was obtained under optimal conditions (pH of 1, temperature of 95°C and ratio of 10v/w after 200min). 28185931 4 4 theme 1 581:581 arg1 ratio 608:612 ratio 608:612 ratio of 10v/w after 200min 608:634 Also, the highest extraction yield (29.48±1.7%) was obtained under optimal conditions (pH of 1, temperature of 95°C and ratio of 10v/w after 200min). 28185931 4 4 theme 1 581:581 arg1 temperature 584:594 temperature 584:594 temperature of 95°C 584:602 Also, the highest extraction yield (29.48±1.7%) was obtained under optimal conditions (pH of 1, temperature of 95°C and ratio of 10v/w after 200min). 28185931 6 5 theme % 904:904 arg1 w/v 905:907 1%w/v 903:907 1%w/v 903:907 Rheological experiments determined that melon peel pectin dispersions behaved as a weak gel at concentrations of 1%w/v. 28185931 2 6 dep yield 348:352 arg1 the 344:346 the 344:346 the 344:346 A central composite design (CCD) was applied to study the effect of temperature (35-95°C), time (40-200min), pH (1-3) and solvent to sample ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE). 28185931 1 7 used used 133:136 arg2 extraction 104:113 acidic extraction 97:113 acidic extraction (citric acid) 97:127 In this study, acidic extraction (citric acid) was used for the extraction of pectin from melon peel. 28185931 1 7 used used 133:136 arg2 acid 123:126 citric acid 116:126 citric acid 116:126 In this study, acidic extraction (citric acid) was used for the extraction of pectin from melon peel. 28185931 6 8 theme 1 903:903 arg1 % 904:904 % 904:904 % 904:904 Rheological experiments determined that melon peel pectin dispersions behaved as a weak gel at concentrations of 1%w/v. 28185931 6 9 theme pectin 841:846 arg1 dispersions 848:858 melon peel pectin dispersions 830:858 melon peel pectin dispersions 830:858 Rheological experiments determined that melon peel pectin dispersions behaved as a weak gel at concentrations of 1%w/v. 28185931 2 10 dep ratio 324:328 arg1 to 314:315 to 314:315 to 314:315 A central composite design (CCD) was applied to study the effect of temperature (35-95°C), time (40-200min), pH (1-3) and solvent to sample ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE). 28185931 0 11 from properties 44:53 arg1 melon 70:74 melon 70:74 melon 70:74 Extraction optimization and physicochemical properties of pectin from melon peel. 28185931 5 12 theme optimal 724:730 arg1 conditions 732:741 optimal conditions 724:741 optimal conditions 724:741 The protein, ash, carbohydrate and galacturonic acid content of pectin obtained under optimal conditions were about 1.5, 3.5, 10 and 48%, respectively. 28185931 4 13 theme extraction 506:515 arg1 yield 517:521 the highest extraction yield 494:521 the highest extraction yield (29.48±1.7%) 494:534 Also, the highest extraction yield (29.48±1.7%) was obtained under optimal conditions (pH of 1, temperature of 95°C and ratio of 10v/w after 200min). 28185931 4 13 theme extraction 506:515 arg1 % 533:533 29.48±1.7% 524:533 29.48±1.7% 524:533 Also, the highest extraction yield (29.48±1.7%) was obtained under optimal conditions (pH of 1, temperature of 95°C and ratio of 10v/w after 200min). 28185931 0 14 theme Extraction 0:9 arg1 optimization 11:22 Extraction optimization 0:22 Extraction optimization 0:22 Extraction optimization and physicochemical properties of pectin from melon peel. 28185931 2 15 theme temperature 252:262 arg1 effect 242:247 the effect 238:247 the effect of temperature (35-95°C), time (40-200min), pH (1-3) and solvent to sample ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE) 238:386 A central composite design (CCD) was applied to study the effect of temperature (35-95°C), time (40-200min), pH (1-3) and solvent to sample ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE). 28185931 1 16 theme pectin 160:165 arg1 extraction 146:155 the extraction 142:155 the extraction of pectin from melon peel 142:181 In this study, acidic extraction (citric acid) was used for the extraction of pectin from melon peel. 28185931 0 17 theme physicochemical 28:42 arg1 properties 44:53 physicochemical properties 28:53 physicochemical properties of pectin from melon 28:74 Extraction optimization and physicochemical properties of pectin from melon peel. 28185931 4 18 theme optimal 555:561 arg1 pH 575:576 pH 575:576 pH of 1 575:581 Also, the highest extraction yield (29.48±1.7%) was obtained under optimal conditions (pH of 1, temperature of 95°C and ratio of 10v/w after 200min). 28185931 4 18 theme optimal 555:561 arg1 conditions 563:572 optimal conditions 555:572 optimal conditions (pH of 1, temperature of 95°C and ratio of 10v/w after 200min) 555:635 Also, the highest extraction yield (29.48±1.7%) was obtained under optimal conditions (pH of 1, temperature of 95°C and ratio of 10v/w after 200min). 28185931 4 18 theme optimal 555:561 arg1 ratio 608:612 ratio 608:612 ratio of 10v/w after 200min 608:634 Also, the highest extraction yield (29.48±1.7%) was obtained under optimal conditions (pH of 1, temperature of 95°C and ratio of 10v/w after 200min). 28185931 4 18 theme optimal 555:561 arg1 temperature 584:594 temperature 584:594 temperature of 95°C 584:602 Also, the highest extraction yield (29.48±1.7%) was obtained under optimal conditions (pH of 1, temperature of 95°C and ratio of 10v/w after 200min). 28185931 6 19 theme w/v 905:907 arg1 concentrations 885:898 concentrations 885:898 concentrations of 1%w/v 885:907 Rheological experiments determined that melon peel pectin dispersions behaved as a weak gel at concentrations of 1%w/v. 28185931 2 20 theme sample 317:322 arg1 10-50v/w 331:338 10-50v/w 331:338 10-50v/w 331:338 A central composite design (CCD) was applied to study the effect of temperature (35-95°C), time (40-200min), pH (1-3) and solvent to sample ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE). 28185931 2 20 theme sample 317:322 arg1 ratio 324:328 solvent to sample ratio 306:328 solvent to sample ratio (10-50v/w) 306:339 A central composite design (CCD) was applied to study the effect of temperature (35-95°C), time (40-200min), pH (1-3) and solvent to sample ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE). 28185931 2 21 theme ratio 324:328 arg1 effect 242:247 the effect 238:247 the effect of temperature (35-95°C), time (40-200min), pH (1-3) and solvent to sample ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE) 238:386 A central composite design (CCD) was applied to study the effect of temperature (35-95°C), time (40-200min), pH (1-3) and solvent to sample ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE). 28185931 1 22 theme acidic 97:102 arg1 extraction 104:113 acidic extraction 97:113 acidic extraction (citric acid) 97:127 In this study, acidic extraction (citric acid) was used for the extraction of pectin from melon peel. 28185931 1 22 theme acidic 97:102 arg1 acid 123:126 citric acid 116:126 citric acid 116:126 In this study, acidic extraction (citric acid) was used for the extraction of pectin from melon peel. 28185931 1 23 theme melon 172:176 arg1 peel 178:181 melon peel 172:181 melon peel 172:181 In this study, acidic extraction (citric acid) was used for the extraction of pectin from melon peel. 28185931 5 24 theme pectin 702:707 arg1 content 691:697 galacturonic acid content 673:697 galacturonic acid content of pectin 673:707 The protein, ash, carbohydrate and galacturonic acid content of pectin obtained under optimal conditions were about 1.5, 3.5, 10 and 48%, respectively. 28185931 5 24 theme pectin 702:707 arg1 protein 642:648 protein 642:648 protein 642:648 The protein, ash, carbohydrate and galacturonic acid content of pectin obtained under optimal conditions were about 1.5, 3.5, 10 and 48%, respectively. 28185931 5 24 theme pectin 702:707 arg1 ash 651:653 ash 651:653 ash 651:653 The protein, ash, carbohydrate and galacturonic acid content of pectin obtained under optimal conditions were about 1.5, 3.5, 10 and 48%, respectively. 28185931 5 24 theme pectin 702:707 arg1 % 773:773 about 1.5, 3.5, 10 and 48% 748:773 about 1.5, 3.5, 10 and 48% 748:773 The protein, ash, carbohydrate and galacturonic acid content of pectin obtained under optimal conditions were about 1.5, 3.5, 10 and 48%, respectively. 28185931 5 24 theme pectin 702:707 arg1 carbohydrate 656:667 carbohydrate 656:667 carbohydrate 656:667 The protein, ash, carbohydrate and galacturonic acid content of pectin obtained under optimal conditions were about 1.5, 3.5, 10 and 48%, respectively. 28185931 4 25 theme 10v/w 617:621 arg1 pH 575:576 pH 575:576 pH of 1 575:581 Also, the highest extraction yield (29.48±1.7%) was obtained under optimal conditions (pH of 1, temperature of 95°C and ratio of 10v/w after 200min). 28185931 4 25 theme 10v/w 617:621 arg1 conditions 563:572 optimal conditions 555:572 optimal conditions (pH of 1, temperature of 95°C and ratio of 10v/w after 200min) 555:635 Also, the highest extraction yield (29.48±1.7%) was obtained under optimal conditions (pH of 1, temperature of 95°C and ratio of 10v/w after 200min). 28185931 4 25 theme 10v/w 617:621 arg1 ratio 608:612 ratio 608:612 ratio of 10v/w after 200min 608:634 Also, the highest extraction yield (29.48±1.7%) was obtained under optimal conditions (pH of 1, temperature of 95°C and ratio of 10v/w after 200min). 28185931 4 25 theme 10v/w 617:621 arg1 temperature 584:594 temperature 584:594 temperature of 95°C 584:602 Also, the highest extraction yield (29.48±1.7%) was obtained under optimal conditions (pH of 1, temperature of 95°C and ratio of 10v/w after 200min). 28185931 2 26 theme pH 293:294 arg1 effect 242:247 the effect 238:247 the effect of temperature (35-95°C), time (40-200min), pH (1-3) and solvent to sample ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE) 238:386 A central composite design (CCD) was applied to study the effect of temperature (35-95°C), time (40-200min), pH (1-3) and solvent to sample ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE). 28185931 2 27 theme solvent 306:312 arg1 10-50v/w 331:338 10-50v/w 331:338 10-50v/w 331:338 A central composite design (CCD) was applied to study the effect of temperature (35-95°C), time (40-200min), pH (1-3) and solvent to sample ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE). 28185931 2 27 theme solvent 306:312 arg1 ratio 324:328 solvent to sample ratio 306:328 solvent to sample ratio (10-50v/w) 306:339 A central composite design (CCD) was applied to study the effect of temperature (35-95°C), time (40-200min), pH (1-3) and solvent to sample ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE). 28185931 2 28 theme composite 194:202 arg1 CCD 212:214 CCD 212:214 CCD 212:214 A central composite design (CCD) was applied to study the effect of temperature (35-95°C), time (40-200min), pH (1-3) and solvent to sample ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE). 28185931 2 28 theme composite 194:202 arg1 design 204:209 A central composite design 184:209 A central composite design (CCD) 184:215 A central composite design (CCD) was applied to study the effect of temperature (35-95°C), time (40-200min), pH (1-3) and solvent to sample ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE). 28185931 1 29 from peel 178:181 arg1 extraction 146:155 the extraction 142:155 the extraction of pectin from melon peel 142:181 In this study, acidic extraction (citric acid) was used for the extraction of pectin from melon peel. 28185931 0 30 from melon 70:74 arg1 pectin 58:63 pectin 58:63 pectin from melon 58:74 Extraction optimization and physicochemical properties of pectin from melon peel. 28185931 0 30 from melon 70:74 arg1 optimization 11:22 Extraction optimization 0:22 Extraction optimization 0:22 Extraction optimization and physicochemical properties of pectin from melon peel. 28185931 0 30 from melon 70:74 arg1 properties 44:53 physicochemical properties 28:53 physicochemical properties of pectin from melon 28:74 Extraction optimization and physicochemical properties of pectin from melon peel. 28185931 2 31 theme central 186:192 arg1 CCD 212:214 CCD 212:214 CCD 212:214 A central composite design (CCD) was applied to study the effect of temperature (35-95°C), time (40-200min), pH (1-3) and solvent to sample ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE). 28185931 2 31 theme central 186:192 arg1 design 204:209 A central composite design 184:209 A central composite design (CCD) 184:215 A central composite design (CCD) was applied to study the effect of temperature (35-95°C), time (40-200min), pH (1-3) and solvent to sample ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE). 28185931 2 32 theme time 275:278 arg1 effect 242:247 the effect 238:247 the effect of temperature (35-95°C), time (40-200min), pH (1-3) and solvent to sample ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE) 238:386 A central composite design (CCD) was applied to study the effect of temperature (35-95°C), time (40-200min), pH (1-3) and solvent to sample ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE). 28185931 0 33 theme pectin 58:63 arg1 optimization 11:22 Extraction optimization 0:22 Extraction optimization 0:22 Extraction optimization and physicochemical properties of pectin from melon peel. 28185931 0 33 theme pectin 58:63 arg1 properties 44:53 physicochemical properties 28:53 physicochemical properties of pectin from melon 28:74 Extraction optimization and physicochemical properties of pectin from melon peel. 28185931 4 34 theme highest 498:504 arg1 yield 517:521 the highest extraction yield 494:521 the highest extraction yield (29.48±1.7%) 494:534 Also, the highest extraction yield (29.48±1.7%) was obtained under optimal conditions (pH of 1, temperature of 95°C and ratio of 10v/w after 200min). 28185931 4 34 theme highest 498:504 arg1 % 533:533 29.48±1.7% 524:533 29.48±1.7% 524:533 Also, the highest extraction yield (29.48±1.7%) was obtained under optimal conditions (pH of 1, temperature of 95°C and ratio of 10v/w after 200min). 28185931 7 35 theme emulsifying 914:924 arg1 activity 926:933 The emulsifying activity 910:933 The emulsifying activity 910:933 The emulsifying activity was 35% and also, the emulsion stability was higher at 4°C than at 23°C. 28185931 7 35 theme emulsifying 914:924 arg1 % 941:941 35% 939:941 35% 939:941 The emulsifying activity was 35% and also, the emulsion stability was higher at 4°C than at 23°C. 28185931 4 36 theme 95°C 599:602 arg1 pH 575:576 pH 575:576 pH of 1 575:581 Also, the highest extraction yield (29.48±1.7%) was obtained under optimal conditions (pH of 1, temperature of 95°C and ratio of 10v/w after 200min). 28185931 4 36 theme 95°C 599:602 arg1 conditions 563:572 optimal conditions 555:572 optimal conditions (pH of 1, temperature of 95°C and ratio of 10v/w after 200min) 555:635 Also, the highest extraction yield (29.48±1.7%) was obtained under optimal conditions (pH of 1, temperature of 95°C and ratio of 10v/w after 200min). 28185931 4 36 theme 95°C 599:602 arg1 ratio 608:612 ratio 608:612 ratio of 10v/w after 200min 608:634 Also, the highest extraction yield (29.48±1.7%) was obtained under optimal conditions (pH of 1, temperature of 95°C and ratio of 10v/w after 200min). 28185931 4 36 theme 95°C 599:602 arg1 temperature 584:594 temperature 584:594 temperature of 95°C 584:602 Also, the highest extraction yield (29.48±1.7%) was obtained under optimal conditions (pH of 1, temperature of 95°C and ratio of 10v/w after 200min). 28185931 1 37 theme citric 116:121 arg1 extraction 104:113 acidic extraction 97:113 acidic extraction (citric acid) 97:127 In this study, acidic extraction (citric acid) was used for the extraction of pectin from melon peel. 28185931 1 37 theme citric 116:121 arg1 acid 123:126 citric acid 116:126 citric acid 116:126 In this study, acidic extraction (citric acid) was used for the extraction of pectin from melon peel. 28185931 6 38 theme Rheological 790:800 arg1 experiments 802:812 Rheological experiments 790:812 Rheological experiments 790:812 Rheological experiments determined that melon peel pectin dispersions behaved as a weak gel at concentrations of 1%w/v. 28185931 6 39 theme peel 836:839 arg1 dispersions 848:858 melon peel pectin dispersions 830:858 melon peel pectin dispersions 830:858 Rheological experiments determined that melon peel pectin dispersions behaved as a weak gel at concentrations of 1%w/v. 28185931 6 40 theme weak 873:876 arg1 gel 878:880 a weak gel 871:880 a weak gel 871:880 Rheological experiments determined that melon peel pectin dispersions behaved as a weak gel at concentrations of 1%w/v. 28185931 4 41 dep conditions 563:572 arg1 pH 575:576 pH 575:576 pH of 1 575:581 Also, the highest extraction yield (29.48±1.7%) was obtained under optimal conditions (pH of 1, temperature of 95°C and ratio of 10v/w after 200min). 28185931 4 41 dep conditions 563:572 arg1 conditions 563:572 optimal conditions 555:572 optimal conditions (pH of 1, temperature of 95°C and ratio of 10v/w after 200min) 555:635 Also, the highest extraction yield (29.48±1.7%) was obtained under optimal conditions (pH of 1, temperature of 95°C and ratio of 10v/w after 200min). 28185931 4 41 dep conditions 563:572 arg1 ratio 608:612 ratio 608:612 ratio of 10v/w after 200min 608:634 Also, the highest extraction yield (29.48±1.7%) was obtained under optimal conditions (pH of 1, temperature of 95°C and ratio of 10v/w after 200min). 28185931 4 41 dep conditions 563:572 arg1 temperature 584:594 temperature 584:594 temperature of 95°C 584:602 Also, the highest extraction yield (29.48±1.7%) was obtained under optimal conditions (pH of 1, temperature of 95°C and ratio of 10v/w after 200min). 28185931 6 42 theme melon 830:834 arg1 dispersions 848:858 melon peel pectin dispersions 830:858 melon peel pectin dispersions 830:858 Rheological experiments determined that melon peel pectin dispersions behaved as a weak gel at concentrations of 1%w/v. 28185931 2 43 theme esterification 368:381 arg1 degree 358:363 degree 358:363 degree 358:363 A central composite design (CCD) was applied to study the effect of temperature (35-95°C), time (40-200min), pH (1-3) and solvent to sample ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE). 28185931 2 43 theme esterification 368:381 arg1 yield 348:352 yield 348:352 yield 348:352 A central composite design (CCD) was applied to study the effect of temperature (35-95°C), time (40-200min), pH (1-3) and solvent to sample ratio (10-50v/w) on the yield and degree of esterification (DE). 28185931 5 44 theme galacturonic 673:684 arg1 content 691:697 galacturonic acid content 673:697 galacturonic acid content of pectin 673:707 The protein, ash, carbohydrate and galacturonic acid content of pectin obtained under optimal conditions were about 1.5, 3.5, 10 and 48%, respectively. 25602611 7 0 theme microscopy 1390:1399 arg1 sections 1401:1408 microscopy sections 1390:1408 microscopy sections 1390:1408 The higher content of cell wall galactose residue in 'Scifresh' cell walls correlated with a lower β-galactosidase activity and more intense immunolabelling of RG-I galactan side chains in both microscopy sections and glycan microarrays. 25602611 8 1 theme high 1436:1439 arg1 content 1460:1466 A high cell wall galactan content 1434:1466 A high cell wall galactan content 1434:1466 A high cell wall galactan content has been associated with reduced cell wall porosity, which may restrict access of cell wall-modifying enzymes and thus maintain better structural integrity later in development. 25602611 6 2 theme arabinose 1026:1034 arg1 residues 1036:1043 arabinose residues 1026:1043 arabinose residues 1026:1043 The cell wall content of arabinose residues was similar in both cultivars, but the galactose residue content in 'Scifresh' remained higher than that of 'Royal Gala' at every developmental stage. 25602611 3 3 theme cell 472:475 arg1 metabolism 482:491 cell wall metabolism 472:491 cell wall metabolism from the fruitlet to the ripe stages 472:528 An examination of cell wall metabolism from the fruitlet to the ripe stages showed that in both cultivars pectin solubilisation increased during cell expansion, declined at the mature stage and then increased again during ripening. 25602611 8 4 theme better 1596:1601 arg1 integrity 1614:1622 better structural integrity 1596:1622 better structural integrity 1596:1622 A high cell wall galactan content has been associated with reduced cell wall porosity, which may restrict access of cell wall-modifying enzymes and thus maintain better structural integrity later in development. 25602611 7 5 theme intense 1329:1335 arg1 immunolabelling 1337:1351 more intense immunolabelling 1324:1351 more intense immunolabelling 1324:1351 The higher content of cell wall galactose residue in 'Scifresh' cell walls correlated with a lower β-galactosidase activity and more intense immunolabelling of RG-I galactan side chains in both microscopy sections and glycan microarrays. 25602611 0 6 theme slower 157:162 arg1 rate 174:177 slower softening rate 157:177 slower softening rate 157:177 Lower cell wall pectin solubilisation and galactose loss during early fruit development in apple (Malus x domestica) cultivar 'Scifresh' are associated with slower softening rate. 25602611 7 7 theme side 1370:1373 arg1 chains 1375:1380 RG-I galactan side chains 1356:1380 RG-I galactan side chains 1356:1380 The higher content of cell wall galactose residue in 'Scifresh' cell walls correlated with a lower β-galactosidase activity and more intense immunolabelling of RG-I galactan side chains in both microscopy sections and glycan microarrays. 25602611 7 8 theme cell 1218:1221 arg1 wall 1223:1226 cell wall 1218:1226 cell wall galactose residue 1218:1244 The higher content of cell wall galactose residue in 'Scifresh' cell walls correlated with a lower β-galactosidase activity and more intense immunolabelling of RG-I galactan side chains in both microscopy sections and glycan microarrays. 25602611 9 9 theme wall 1778:1781 arg1 loosening 1783:1791 subsequent cell wall loosening 1762:1791 subsequent cell wall loosening 1762:1791 The data suggest that the composition and structure of the cell wall at very early development stages may influence subsequent cell wall loosening, and may even predispose the wall's ensuing properties. 25602611 7 10 theme RG-I 1356:1359 arg1 chains 1375:1380 RG-I galactan side chains 1356:1380 RG-I galactan side chains 1356:1380 The higher content of cell wall galactose residue in 'Scifresh' cell walls correlated with a lower β-galactosidase activity and more intense immunolabelling of RG-I galactan side chains in both microscopy sections and glycan microarrays. 25602611 7 11 theme β-galactosidase 1295:1309 arg1 activity 1311:1318 a lower β-galactosidase activity 1287:1318 a lower β-galactosidase activity 1287:1318 The higher content of cell wall galactose residue in 'Scifresh' cell walls correlated with a lower β-galactosidase activity and more intense immunolabelling of RG-I galactan side chains in both microscopy sections and glycan microarrays. 25602611 6 12 theme Royal 1154:1158 arg1 Gala 1160:1163 'Royal Gala' 1153:1164 'Royal Gala' 1153:1164 The cell wall content of arabinose residues was similar in both cultivars, but the galactose residue content in 'Scifresh' remained higher than that of 'Royal Gala' at every developmental stage. 25602611 9 13 theme ensuing 1829:1835 arg1 properties 1837:1846 the wall's ensuing properties 1818:1846 the wall's ensuing properties 1818:1846 The data suggest that the composition and structure of the cell wall at very early development stages may influence subsequent cell wall loosening, and may even predispose the wall's ensuing properties. 25602611 0 14 theme x 104:104 arg1 apple 91:95 apple 91:95 apple (Malus x domestica) cultivar 'Scifresh' 91:135 Lower cell wall pectin solubilisation and galactose loss during early fruit development in apple (Malus x domestica) cultivar 'Scifresh' are associated with slower softening rate. 25602611 0 14 theme x 104:104 arg1 domestica 106:114 Malus x domestica 98:114 Malus x domestica 98:114 Lower cell wall pectin solubilisation and galactose loss during early fruit development in apple (Malus x domestica) cultivar 'Scifresh' are associated with slower softening rate. 25602611 3 15 theme ripe 518:521 arg1 stages 523:528 the ripe stages 514:528 the ripe stages 514:528 An examination of cell wall metabolism from the fruitlet to the ripe stages showed that in both cultivars pectin solubilisation increased during cell expansion, declined at the mature stage and then increased again during ripening. 25602611 7 16 theme cell 1260:1263 arg1 walls 1265:1269 'Scifresh' cell walls 1249:1269 'Scifresh' cell walls 1249:1269 The higher content of cell wall galactose residue in 'Scifresh' cell walls correlated with a lower β-galactosidase activity and more intense immunolabelling of RG-I galactan side chains in both microscopy sections and glycan microarrays. 25602611 5 17 theme chains 974:979 arg1 loss 932:935 a progressive loss 918:935 a progressive loss of pectic galactan and arabinan side chains 918:979 Both cultivars also exhibited a progressive loss of pectic galactan and arabinan side chains during development. 25602611 6 18 theme developmental 1175:1187 arg1 stage 1189:1193 every developmental stage 1169:1193 every developmental stage 1169:1193 The cell wall content of arabinose residues was similar in both cultivars, but the galactose residue content in 'Scifresh' remained higher than that of 'Royal Gala' at every developmental stage. 25602611 4 19 theme cell 840:843 arg1 separation 845:854 less cell separation 835:854 less cell separation 835:854 This process was much less pronounced in the slower softening 'Scifresh' than in 'Royal Gala' at every developmental stage examined, consistent with less cell separation and softening in this cultivar. 25602611 7 20 theme Scifresh 1250:1257 arg1 walls 1265:1269 'Scifresh' cell walls 1249:1269 'Scifresh' cell walls 1249:1269 The higher content of cell wall galactose residue in 'Scifresh' cell walls correlated with a lower β-galactosidase activity and more intense immunolabelling of RG-I galactan side chains in both microscopy sections and glycan microarrays. 25602611 0 21 theme fruit 70:74 arg1 development 76:86 early fruit development 64:86 early fruit development 64:86 Lower cell wall pectin solubilisation and galactose loss during early fruit development in apple (Malus x domestica) cultivar 'Scifresh' are associated with slower softening rate. 25602611 4 22 from stage 803:807 arg1 Gala 774:777 'Royal Gala' 767:778 'Royal Gala' at every developmental stage examined 767:816 This process was much less pronounced in the slower softening 'Scifresh' than in 'Royal Gala' at every developmental stage examined, consistent with less cell separation and softening in this cultivar. 25602611 4 23 theme slower 731:736 arg1 Scifresh 749:756 the slower softening 'Scifresh' 727:757 the slower softening 'Scifresh' 727:757 This process was much less pronounced in the slower softening 'Scifresh' than in 'Royal Gala' at every developmental stage examined, consistent with less cell separation and softening in this cultivar. 25602611 6 24 theme wall 1010:1013 arg1 similar 1049:1055 similar 1049:1055 similar 1049:1055 The cell wall content of arabinose residues was similar in both cultivars, but the galactose residue content in 'Scifresh' remained higher than that of 'Royal Gala' at every developmental stage. 25602611 6 24 theme wall 1010:1013 arg1 content 1015:1021 The cell wall content 1001:1021 The cell wall content of arabinose residues 1001:1043 The cell wall content of arabinose residues was similar in both cultivars, but the galactose residue content in 'Scifresh' remained higher than that of 'Royal Gala' at every developmental stage. 25602611 2 25 theme similar 409:415 arg1 ethylene 428:435 ethylene 428:435 ethylene 428:435 Apple cultivars 'Royal Gala' and 'Scifresh' soften at different rates despite having a similar genetic background and producing similar amounts of ethylene during ripening. 25602611 2 25 theme similar 409:415 arg1 amounts 417:423 similar amounts 409:423 similar amounts of ethylene 409:435 Apple cultivars 'Royal Gala' and 'Scifresh' soften at different rates despite having a similar genetic background and producing similar amounts of ethylene during ripening. 25602611 0 26 from solubilisation 23:36 arg1 apple 91:95 apple 91:95 apple (Malus x domestica) cultivar 'Scifresh' 91:135 Lower cell wall pectin solubilisation and galactose loss during early fruit development in apple (Malus x domestica) cultivar 'Scifresh' are associated with slower softening rate. 25602611 0 26 from solubilisation 23:36 arg1 domestica 106:114 Malus x domestica 98:114 Malus x domestica 98:114 Lower cell wall pectin solubilisation and galactose loss during early fruit development in apple (Malus x domestica) cultivar 'Scifresh' are associated with slower softening rate. 25602611 2 27 theme different 335:343 arg1 rates 345:349 different rates 335:349 different rates 335:349 Apple cultivars 'Royal Gala' and 'Scifresh' soften at different rates despite having a similar genetic background and producing similar amounts of ethylene during ripening. 25602611 0 28 theme Lower 0:4 arg1 solubilisation 23:36 Lower cell wall pectin solubilisation 0:36 Lower cell wall pectin solubilisation 0:36 Lower cell wall pectin solubilisation and galactose loss during early fruit development in apple (Malus x domestica) cultivar 'Scifresh' are associated with slower softening rate. 25602611 7 29 theme wall 1223:1226 arg1 residue 1238:1244 cell wall galactose residue 1218:1244 cell wall galactose residue 1218:1244 The higher content of cell wall galactose residue in 'Scifresh' cell walls correlated with a lower β-galactosidase activity and more intense immunolabelling of RG-I galactan side chains in both microscopy sections and glycan microarrays. 25602611 8 30 theme wall 1446:1449 arg1 content 1460:1466 A high cell wall galactan content 1434:1466 A high cell wall galactan content 1434:1466 A high cell wall galactan content has been associated with reduced cell wall porosity, which may restrict access of cell wall-modifying enzymes and thus maintain better structural integrity later in development. 25602611 2 31 theme genetic 376:382 arg1 background 384:393 a similar genetic background 366:393 a similar genetic background 366:393 Apple cultivars 'Royal Gala' and 'Scifresh' soften at different rates despite having a similar genetic background and producing similar amounts of ethylene during ripening. 25602611 0 32 theme wall 11:14 arg1 solubilisation 23:36 Lower cell wall pectin solubilisation 0:36 Lower cell wall pectin solubilisation 0:36 Lower cell wall pectin solubilisation and galactose loss during early fruit development in apple (Malus x domestica) cultivar 'Scifresh' are associated with slower softening rate. 25602611 1 33 theme same 267:270 arg1 species 272:278 the same species 263:278 the same species 263:278 Substantial differences in softening behaviour can exist between fruit even within the same species. 25602611 9 34 theme early 1723:1727 arg1 stages 1741:1746 very early development stages 1718:1746 very early development stages 1718:1746 The data suggest that the composition and structure of the cell wall at very early development stages may influence subsequent cell wall loosening, and may even predispose the wall's ensuing properties. 25602611 9 35 theme development 1729:1739 arg1 stages 1741:1746 very early development stages 1718:1746 very early development stages 1718:1746 The data suggest that the composition and structure of the cell wall at very early development stages may influence subsequent cell wall loosening, and may even predispose the wall's ensuing properties. 25602611 7 36 theme higher 1200:1205 arg1 content 1207:1213 The higher content 1196:1213 The higher content of cell wall galactose residue in 'Scifresh' cell walls 1196:1269 The higher content of cell wall galactose residue in 'Scifresh' cell walls correlated with a lower β-galactosidase activity and more intense immunolabelling of RG-I galactan side chains in both microscopy sections and glycan microarrays. 25602611 4 37 theme Royal 768:772 arg1 Gala 774:777 'Royal Gala' 767:778 'Royal Gala' at every developmental stage examined 767:816 This process was much less pronounced in the slower softening 'Scifresh' than in 'Royal Gala' at every developmental stage examined, consistent with less cell separation and softening in this cultivar. 25602611 6 38 from similar 1049:1055 arg1 cultivars 1065:1073 both cultivars 1060:1073 both cultivars 1060:1073 The cell wall content of arabinose residues was similar in both cultivars, but the galactose residue content in 'Scifresh' remained higher than that of 'Royal Gala' at every developmental stage. 25602611 0 39 theme galactose 42:50 arg1 loss 52:55 galactose loss 42:55 galactose loss 42:55 Lower cell wall pectin solubilisation and galactose loss during early fruit development in apple (Malus x domestica) cultivar 'Scifresh' are associated with slower softening rate. 25602611 7 40 theme glycan 1414:1419 arg1 microarrays 1421:1431 glycan microarrays 1414:1431 glycan microarrays 1414:1431 The higher content of cell wall galactose residue in 'Scifresh' cell walls correlated with a lower β-galactosidase activity and more intense immunolabelling of RG-I galactan side chains in both microscopy sections and glycan microarrays. 25602611 5 41 theme side 969:972 arg1 chains 974:979 arabinan side chains 960:979 arabinan side chains 960:979 Both cultivars also exhibited a progressive loss of pectic galactan and arabinan side chains during development. 25602611 7 42 from content 1207:1213 arg1 walls 1265:1269 'Scifresh' cell walls 1249:1269 'Scifresh' cell walls 1249:1269 The higher content of cell wall galactose residue in 'Scifresh' cell walls correlated with a lower β-galactosidase activity and more intense immunolabelling of RG-I galactan side chains in both microscopy sections and glycan microarrays. 25602611 9 43 theme cell 1773:1776 arg1 loosening 1783:1791 subsequent cell wall loosening 1762:1791 subsequent cell wall loosening 1762:1791 The data suggest that the composition and structure of the cell wall at very early development stages may influence subsequent cell wall loosening, and may even predispose the wall's ensuing properties. 25602611 8 44 theme cell 1501:1504 arg1 porosity 1511:1518 reduced cell wall porosity 1493:1518 reduced cell wall porosity 1493:1518 A high cell wall galactan content has been associated with reduced cell wall porosity, which may restrict access of cell wall-modifying enzymes and thus maintain better structural integrity later in development. 25602611 3 45 theme wall 477:480 arg1 metabolism 482:491 cell wall metabolism 472:491 cell wall metabolism from the fruitlet to the ripe stages 472:528 An examination of cell wall metabolism from the fruitlet to the ripe stages showed that in both cultivars pectin solubilisation increased during cell expansion, declined at the mature stage and then increased again during ripening. 25602611 8 46 theme wall-modifying 1555:1568 arg1 enzymes 1570:1576 cell wall-modifying enzymes 1550:1576 cell wall-modifying enzymes 1550:1576 A high cell wall galactan content has been associated with reduced cell wall porosity, which may restrict access of cell wall-modifying enzymes and thus maintain better structural integrity later in development. 25602611 9 47 from stages 1741:1746 arg1 structure 1688:1696 structure 1688:1696 structure 1688:1696 The data suggest that the composition and structure of the cell wall at very early development stages may influence subsequent cell wall loosening, and may even predispose the wall's ensuing properties. 25602611 9 47 from stages 1741:1746 arg1 composition 1672:1682 composition 1672:1682 composition 1672:1682 The data suggest that the composition and structure of the cell wall at very early development stages may influence subsequent cell wall loosening, and may even predispose the wall's ensuing properties. 25602611 5 48 theme pectic 940:945 arg1 galactan 947:954 pectic galactan 940:954 pectic galactan 940:954 Both cultivars also exhibited a progressive loss of pectic galactan and arabinan side chains during development. 25602611 6 49 theme residues 1036:1043 arg1 similar 1049:1055 similar 1049:1055 similar 1049:1055 The cell wall content of arabinose residues was similar in both cultivars, but the galactose residue content in 'Scifresh' remained higher than that of 'Royal Gala' at every developmental stage. 25602611 6 49 theme residues 1036:1043 arg1 content 1015:1021 The cell wall content 1001:1021 The cell wall content of arabinose residues 1001:1043 The cell wall content of arabinose residues was similar in both cultivars, but the galactose residue content in 'Scifresh' remained higher than that of 'Royal Gala' at every developmental stage. 25602611 7 50 theme chains 1375:1380 arg1 activity 1311:1318 a lower β-galactosidase activity 1287:1318 a lower β-galactosidase activity 1287:1318 The higher content of cell wall galactose residue in 'Scifresh' cell walls correlated with a lower β-galactosidase activity and more intense immunolabelling of RG-I galactan side chains in both microscopy sections and glycan microarrays. 25602611 7 50 theme chains 1375:1380 arg1 immunolabelling 1337:1351 more intense immunolabelling 1324:1351 more intense immunolabelling 1324:1351 The higher content of cell wall galactose residue in 'Scifresh' cell walls correlated with a lower β-galactosidase activity and more intense immunolabelling of RG-I galactan side chains in both microscopy sections and glycan microarrays. 25602611 4 51 theme developmental 789:801 arg1 stage 803:807 every developmental stage 783:807 every developmental stage examined 783:816 This process was much less pronounced in the slower softening 'Scifresh' than in 'Royal Gala' at every developmental stage examined, consistent with less cell separation and softening in this cultivar. 25602611 0 52 theme softening 164:172 arg1 rate 174:177 slower softening rate 157:177 slower softening rate 157:177 Lower cell wall pectin solubilisation and galactose loss during early fruit development in apple (Malus x domestica) cultivar 'Scifresh' are associated with slower softening rate. 25602611 6 53 theme galactose 1084:1092 arg1 content 1102:1108 the galactose residue content 1080:1108 the galactose residue content in 'Scifresh' 1080:1122 The cell wall content of arabinose residues was similar in both cultivars, but the galactose residue content in 'Scifresh' remained higher than that of 'Royal Gala' at every developmental stage. 25602611 7 54 theme galactan 1361:1368 arg1 chains 1375:1380 RG-I galactan side chains 1356:1380 RG-I galactan side chains 1356:1380 The higher content of cell wall galactose residue in 'Scifresh' cell walls correlated with a lower β-galactosidase activity and more intense immunolabelling of RG-I galactan side chains in both microscopy sections and glycan microarrays. 25602611 8 55 theme structural 1603:1612 arg1 integrity 1614:1622 better structural integrity 1596:1622 better structural integrity 1596:1622 A high cell wall galactan content has been associated with reduced cell wall porosity, which may restrict access of cell wall-modifying enzymes and thus maintain better structural integrity later in development. 25602611 6 56 theme residue 1094:1100 arg1 content 1102:1108 the galactose residue content 1080:1108 the galactose residue content in 'Scifresh' 1080:1122 The cell wall content of arabinose residues was similar in both cultivars, but the galactose residue content in 'Scifresh' remained higher than that of 'Royal Gala' at every developmental stage. 25602611 3 57 from examination 457:467 arg1 fruitlet 502:509 the fruitlet 498:509 the fruitlet 498:509 An examination of cell wall metabolism from the fruitlet to the ripe stages showed that in both cultivars pectin solubilisation increased during cell expansion, declined at the mature stage and then increased again during ripening. 25602611 2 58 theme Apple 281:285 arg1 cultivars 287:295 Apple cultivars 281:295 Apple cultivars 'Royal Gala' 281:308 Apple cultivars 'Royal Gala' and 'Scifresh' soften at different rates despite having a similar genetic background and producing similar amounts of ethylene during ripening. 25602611 7 59 theme lower 1289:1293 arg1 activity 1311:1318 a lower β-galactosidase activity 1287:1318 a lower β-galactosidase activity 1287:1318 The higher content of cell wall galactose residue in 'Scifresh' cell walls correlated with a lower β-galactosidase activity and more intense immunolabelling of RG-I galactan side chains in both microscopy sections and glycan microarrays. 25602611 4 60 from softening 860:868 arg1 cultivar 878:885 this cultivar 873:885 this cultivar 873:885 This process was much less pronounced in the slower softening 'Scifresh' than in 'Royal Gala' at every developmental stage examined, consistent with less cell separation and softening in this cultivar. 25602611 1 61 theme Substantial 180:190 arg1 differences 192:202 Substantial differences 180:202 Substantial differences in softening behaviour 180:225 Substantial differences in softening behaviour can exist between fruit even within the same species. 25602611 0 62 theme Scifresh 127:134 arg1 apple 91:95 apple 91:95 apple (Malus x domestica) cultivar 'Scifresh' 91:135 Lower cell wall pectin solubilisation and galactose loss during early fruit development in apple (Malus x domestica) cultivar 'Scifresh' are associated with slower softening rate. 25602611 0 62 theme Scifresh 127:134 arg1 domestica 106:114 Malus x domestica 98:114 Malus x domestica 98:114 Lower cell wall pectin solubilisation and galactose loss during early fruit development in apple (Malus x domestica) cultivar 'Scifresh' are associated with slower softening rate. 25602611 4 63 from separation 845:854 arg1 cultivar 878:885 this cultivar 873:885 this cultivar 873:885 This process was much less pronounced in the slower softening 'Scifresh' than in 'Royal Gala' at every developmental stage examined, consistent with less cell separation and softening in this cultivar. 25602611 1 64 from differences 192:202 arg1 behaviour 217:225 softening behaviour 207:225 softening behaviour 207:225 Substantial differences in softening behaviour can exist between fruit even within the same species. 25602611 2 65 dep cultivars 287:295 arg1 Gala 304:307 Royal Gala 298:307 Royal Gala 298:307 Apple cultivars 'Royal Gala' and 'Scifresh' soften at different rates despite having a similar genetic background and producing similar amounts of ethylene during ripening. 25602611 0 66 theme early 64:68 arg1 development 76:86 early fruit development 64:86 early fruit development 64:86 Lower cell wall pectin solubilisation and galactose loss during early fruit development in apple (Malus x domestica) cultivar 'Scifresh' are associated with slower softening rate. 25602611 3 67 theme pectin 560:565 arg1 solubilisation 567:580 pectin solubilisation 560:580 pectin solubilisation 560:580 An examination of cell wall metabolism from the fruitlet to the ripe stages showed that in both cultivars pectin solubilisation increased during cell expansion, declined at the mature stage and then increased again during ripening. 25602611 7 68 from activity 1311:1318 arg1 sections 1401:1408 microscopy sections 1390:1408 microscopy sections 1390:1408 The higher content of cell wall galactose residue in 'Scifresh' cell walls correlated with a lower β-galactosidase activity and more intense immunolabelling of RG-I galactan side chains in both microscopy sections and glycan microarrays. 25602611 7 68 from activity 1311:1318 arg1 microarrays 1421:1431 glycan microarrays 1414:1431 glycan microarrays 1414:1431 The higher content of cell wall galactose residue in 'Scifresh' cell walls correlated with a lower β-galactosidase activity and more intense immunolabelling of RG-I galactan side chains in both microscopy sections and glycan microarrays. 25602611 9 69 theme cell 1705:1708 arg1 wall 1710:1713 the cell wall 1701:1713 the cell wall 1701:1713 The data suggest that the composition and structure of the cell wall at very early development stages may influence subsequent cell wall loosening, and may even predispose the wall's ensuing properties. 25602611 3 70 from fruitlet 502:509 arg1 examination 457:467 An examination 454:467 An examination of cell wall metabolism from the fruitlet to the ripe stages 454:528 An examination of cell wall metabolism from the fruitlet to the ripe stages showed that in both cultivars pectin solubilisation increased during cell expansion, declined at the mature stage and then increased again during ripening. 25602611 3 70 from fruitlet 502:509 arg1 metabolism 482:491 cell wall metabolism 472:491 cell wall metabolism from the fruitlet to the ripe stages 472:528 An examination of cell wall metabolism from the fruitlet to the ripe stages showed that in both cultivars pectin solubilisation increased during cell expansion, declined at the mature stage and then increased again during ripening. 25602611 7 71 from immunolabelling 1337:1351 arg1 sections 1401:1408 microscopy sections 1390:1408 microscopy sections 1390:1408 The higher content of cell wall galactose residue in 'Scifresh' cell walls correlated with a lower β-galactosidase activity and more intense immunolabelling of RG-I galactan side chains in both microscopy sections and glycan microarrays. 25602611 7 71 from immunolabelling 1337:1351 arg1 microarrays 1421:1431 glycan microarrays 1414:1431 glycan microarrays 1414:1431 The higher content of cell wall galactose residue in 'Scifresh' cell walls correlated with a lower β-galactosidase activity and more intense immunolabelling of RG-I galactan side chains in both microscopy sections and glycan microarrays. 25602611 0 72 from loss 52:55 arg1 apple 91:95 apple 91:95 apple (Malus x domestica) cultivar 'Scifresh' 91:135 Lower cell wall pectin solubilisation and galactose loss during early fruit development in apple (Malus x domestica) cultivar 'Scifresh' are associated with slower softening rate. 25602611 0 72 from loss 52:55 arg1 domestica 106:114 Malus x domestica 98:114 Malus x domestica 98:114 Lower cell wall pectin solubilisation and galactose loss during early fruit development in apple (Malus x domestica) cultivar 'Scifresh' are associated with slower softening rate. 25602611 6 73 from content 1102:1108 arg1 Scifresh 1114:1121 Scifresh 1114:1121 Scifresh 1114:1121 The cell wall content of arabinose residues was similar in both cultivars, but the galactose residue content in 'Scifresh' remained higher than that of 'Royal Gala' at every developmental stage. 25602611 0 74 theme Malus 98:102 arg1 apple 91:95 apple 91:95 apple (Malus x domestica) cultivar 'Scifresh' 91:135 Lower cell wall pectin solubilisation and galactose loss during early fruit development in apple (Malus x domestica) cultivar 'Scifresh' are associated with slower softening rate. 25602611 0 74 theme Malus 98:102 arg1 domestica 106:114 Malus x domestica 98:114 Malus x domestica 98:114 Lower cell wall pectin solubilisation and galactose loss during early fruit development in apple (Malus x domestica) cultivar 'Scifresh' are associated with slower softening rate. 25602611 4 75 from pronounced 713:722 arg1 Gala 774:777 'Royal Gala' 767:778 'Royal Gala' at every developmental stage examined 767:816 This process was much less pronounced in the slower softening 'Scifresh' than in 'Royal Gala' at every developmental stage examined, consistent with less cell separation and softening in this cultivar. 25602611 7 76 theme galactose 1228:1236 arg1 residue 1238:1244 cell wall galactose residue 1218:1244 cell wall galactose residue 1218:1244 The higher content of cell wall galactose residue in 'Scifresh' cell walls correlated with a lower β-galactosidase activity and more intense immunolabelling of RG-I galactan side chains in both microscopy sections and glycan microarrays. 25602611 8 77 theme cell 1441:1444 arg1 content 1460:1466 A high cell wall galactan content 1434:1466 A high cell wall galactan content 1434:1466 A high cell wall galactan content has been associated with reduced cell wall porosity, which may restrict access of cell wall-modifying enzymes and thus maintain better structural integrity later in development. 25602611 0 78 theme cell 6:9 arg1 solubilisation 23:36 Lower cell wall pectin solubilisation 0:36 Lower cell wall pectin solubilisation 0:36 Lower cell wall pectin solubilisation and galactose loss during early fruit development in apple (Malus x domestica) cultivar 'Scifresh' are associated with slower softening rate. 25602611 4 79 from Gala 774:777 arg1 pronounced 713:722 pronounced 713:722 pronounced 713:722 This process was much less pronounced in the slower softening 'Scifresh' than in 'Royal Gala' at every developmental stage examined, consistent with less cell separation and softening in this cultivar. 25602611 6 80 theme cell 1005:1008 arg1 similar 1049:1055 similar 1049:1055 similar 1049:1055 The cell wall content of arabinose residues was similar in both cultivars, but the galactose residue content in 'Scifresh' remained higher than that of 'Royal Gala' at every developmental stage. 25602611 6 80 theme cell 1005:1008 arg1 content 1015:1021 The cell wall content 1001:1021 The cell wall content of arabinose residues 1001:1043 The cell wall content of arabinose residues was similar in both cultivars, but the galactose residue content in 'Scifresh' remained higher than that of 'Royal Gala' at every developmental stage. 25602611 9 81 theme wall 1710:1713 arg1 structure 1688:1696 structure 1688:1696 structure 1688:1696 The data suggest that the composition and structure of the cell wall at very early development stages may influence subsequent cell wall loosening, and may even predispose the wall's ensuing properties. 25602611 9 81 theme wall 1710:1713 arg1 composition 1672:1682 composition 1672:1682 composition 1672:1682 The data suggest that the composition and structure of the cell wall at very early development stages may influence subsequent cell wall loosening, and may even predispose the wall's ensuing properties. 25602611 8 82 theme galactan 1451:1458 arg1 content 1460:1466 A high cell wall galactan content 1434:1466 A high cell wall galactan content 1434:1466 A high cell wall galactan content has been associated with reduced cell wall porosity, which may restrict access of cell wall-modifying enzymes and thus maintain better structural integrity later in development. 25602611 0 83 theme pectin 16:21 arg1 solubilisation 23:36 Lower cell wall pectin solubilisation 0:36 Lower cell wall pectin solubilisation 0:36 Lower cell wall pectin solubilisation and galactose loss during early fruit development in apple (Malus x domestica) cultivar 'Scifresh' are associated with slower softening rate. 25602611 2 84 theme similar 368:374 arg1 background 384:393 a similar genetic background 366:393 a similar genetic background 366:393 Apple cultivars 'Royal Gala' and 'Scifresh' soften at different rates despite having a similar genetic background and producing similar amounts of ethylene during ripening. 25602611 5 85 theme galactan 947:954 arg1 loss 932:935 a progressive loss 918:935 a progressive loss of pectic galactan and arabinan side chains 918:979 Both cultivars also exhibited a progressive loss of pectic galactan and arabinan side chains during development. 25602611 4 86 with consistent 819:828 arg1 softening 860:868 softening 860:868 softening 860:868 This process was much less pronounced in the slower softening 'Scifresh' than in 'Royal Gala' at every developmental stage examined, consistent with less cell separation and softening in this cultivar. 25602611 4 86 with consistent 819:828 arg1 separation 845:854 less cell separation 835:854 less cell separation 835:854 This process was much less pronounced in the slower softening 'Scifresh' than in 'Royal Gala' at every developmental stage examined, consistent with less cell separation and softening in this cultivar. 25602611 2 87 theme ethylene 428:435 arg1 ethylene 428:435 ethylene 428:435 ethylene 428:435 Apple cultivars 'Royal Gala' and 'Scifresh' soften at different rates despite having a similar genetic background and producing similar amounts of ethylene during ripening. 25602611 2 87 theme ethylene 428:435 arg1 amounts 417:423 similar amounts 409:423 similar amounts of ethylene 409:435 Apple cultivars 'Royal Gala' and 'Scifresh' soften at different rates despite having a similar genetic background and producing similar amounts of ethylene during ripening. 25602611 3 88 theme cell 599:602 arg1 expansion 604:612 cell expansion 599:612 cell expansion 599:612 An examination of cell wall metabolism from the fruitlet to the ripe stages showed that in both cultivars pectin solubilisation increased during cell expansion, declined at the mature stage and then increased again during ripening. 25602611 5 89 theme arabinan 960:967 arg1 chains 974:979 arabinan side chains 960:979 arabinan side chains 960:979 Both cultivars also exhibited a progressive loss of pectic galactan and arabinan side chains during development. 25602611 8 90 theme reduced 1493:1499 arg1 porosity 1511:1518 reduced cell wall porosity 1493:1518 reduced cell wall porosity 1493:1518 A high cell wall galactan content has been associated with reduced cell wall porosity, which may restrict access of cell wall-modifying enzymes and thus maintain better structural integrity later in development. 25602611 3 91 theme mature 631:636 arg1 stage 638:642 the mature stage 627:642 the mature stage 627:642 An examination of cell wall metabolism from the fruitlet to the ripe stages showed that in both cultivars pectin solubilisation increased during cell expansion, declined at the mature stage and then increased again during ripening. 25602611 6 92 from cultivars 1065:1073 arg1 similar 1049:1055 similar 1049:1055 similar 1049:1055 The cell wall content of arabinose residues was similar in both cultivars, but the galactose residue content in 'Scifresh' remained higher than that of 'Royal Gala' at every developmental stage. 25602611 6 92 from cultivars 1065:1073 arg1 content 1015:1021 The cell wall content 1001:1021 The cell wall content of arabinose residues 1001:1043 The cell wall content of arabinose residues was similar in both cultivars, but the galactose residue content in 'Scifresh' remained higher than that of 'Royal Gala' at every developmental stage. 25602611 8 93 theme cell 1550:1553 arg1 enzymes 1570:1576 cell wall-modifying enzymes 1550:1576 cell wall-modifying enzymes 1550:1576 A high cell wall galactan content has been associated with reduced cell wall porosity, which may restrict access of cell wall-modifying enzymes and thus maintain better structural integrity later in development. 25602611 5 94 theme progressive 920:930 arg1 loss 932:935 a progressive loss 918:935 a progressive loss of pectic galactan and arabinan side chains 918:979 Both cultivars also exhibited a progressive loss of pectic galactan and arabinan side chains during development. 25602611 9 95 theme subsequent 1762:1771 arg1 loosening 1783:1791 subsequent cell wall loosening 1762:1791 subsequent cell wall loosening 1762:1791 The data suggest that the composition and structure of the cell wall at very early development stages may influence subsequent cell wall loosening, and may even predispose the wall's ensuing properties. 25602611 8 96 theme wall 1506:1509 arg1 porosity 1511:1518 reduced cell wall porosity 1493:1518 reduced cell wall porosity 1493:1518 A high cell wall galactan content has been associated with reduced cell wall porosity, which may restrict access of cell wall-modifying enzymes and thus maintain better structural integrity later in development. 25602611 9 97 dep composition 1672:1682 arg1 the 1668:1670 the 1668:1670 the 1668:1670 The data suggest that the composition and structure of the cell wall at very early development stages may influence subsequent cell wall loosening, and may even predispose the wall's ensuing properties. 25602611 2 98 theme Royal 298:302 arg1 Gala 304:307 Royal Gala 298:307 Royal Gala 298:307 Apple cultivars 'Royal Gala' and 'Scifresh' soften at different rates despite having a similar genetic background and producing similar amounts of ethylene during ripening. 25602611 8 99 theme enzymes 1570:1576 arg1 access 1540:1545 access 1540:1545 access of cell wall-modifying enzymes 1540:1576 A high cell wall galactan content has been associated with reduced cell wall porosity, which may restrict access of cell wall-modifying enzymes and thus maintain better structural integrity later in development. 25602611 1 100 theme softening 207:215 arg1 behaviour 217:225 softening behaviour 207:225 softening behaviour 207:225 Substantial differences in softening behaviour can exist between fruit even within the same species. 25602611 7 101 theme residue 1238:1244 arg1 content 1207:1213 The higher content 1196:1213 The higher content of cell wall galactose residue in 'Scifresh' cell walls 1196:1269 The higher content of cell wall galactose residue in 'Scifresh' cell walls correlated with a lower β-galactosidase activity and more intense immunolabelling of RG-I galactan side chains in both microscopy sections and glycan microarrays. 25602611 3 102 theme metabolism 482:491 arg1 examination 457:467 An examination 454:467 An examination of cell wall metabolism from the fruitlet to the ripe stages 454:528 An examination of cell wall metabolism from the fruitlet to the ripe stages showed that in both cultivars pectin solubilisation increased during cell expansion, declined at the mature stage and then increased again during ripening. 25418169 1 0 link Lipid-linked 118:129 arg1 oligosaccharides 131:146 Lipid-linked oligosaccharides 118:146 Lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLOs) 118:153 Lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLOs) are the substrates of oligosaccharyltransferase (OST), the enzyme that catalyzes the en bloc transfer of the oligosaccharide onto the acceptor asparagine of nascent proteins during the process of N-glycosylation. 25418169 1 0 link Lipid-linked 118:129 arg1 substrates 163:172 the substrates 159:172 the substrates of oligosaccharyltransferase (OST), the enzyme that catalyzes the en bloc transfer of the oligosaccharide onto the acceptor asparagine of nascent proteins during the process of N-glycosylation 159:365 Lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLOs) are the substrates of oligosaccharyltransferase (OST), the enzyme that catalyzes the en bloc transfer of the oligosaccharide onto the acceptor asparagine of nascent proteins during the process of N-glycosylation. 25418169 1 0 link Lipid-linked 118:129 arg1 LLOs 149:152 LLOs 149:152 LLOs 149:152 Lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLOs) are the substrates of oligosaccharyltransferase (OST), the enzyme that catalyzes the en bloc transfer of the oligosaccharide onto the acceptor asparagine of nascent proteins during the process of N-glycosylation. 25418169 2 1 from dynamics 433:440 arg1 bilayers 454:461 membrane bilayers 445:461 membrane bilayers 445:461 To explore LLOs' preferred location, orientation, structure, and dynamics in membrane bilayers of three different lipid types (dilauroylphosphatidylcholine, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine), we have modeled and simulated both eukaryotic (Glc3-Man9-GlcNAc2-PP-Dolichol) and bacterial (Glc1-GalNAc5-Bac1-PP-Undecaprenol) LLOs, which are composed of an isoprenoid moiety and an oligosaccharide, linked by pyrophosphate. 25418169 3 2 theme thicknesses 888:898 arg1 impact 848:853 no strong impact 838:853 no strong impact of different bilayer hydrophobic thicknesses on the overall orientation, structure, and dynamics of the isoprenoid moiety and the oligosaccharide 838:999 The simulations show no strong impact of different bilayer hydrophobic thicknesses on the overall orientation, structure, and dynamics of the isoprenoid moiety and the oligosaccharide. 25418169 1 3 theme oligosaccharide 264:278 arg1 transfer 248:255 the en bloc transfer 236:255 the en bloc transfer of the oligosaccharide onto the acceptor asparagine of nascent proteins 236:327 Lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLOs) are the substrates of oligosaccharyltransferase (OST), the enzyme that catalyzes the en bloc transfer of the oligosaccharide onto the acceptor asparagine of nascent proteins during the process of N-glycosylation. 25418169 2 4 dep eukaryotic 626:635 arg1 Glc1-GalNAc5-Bac1-PP-Undecaprenol 684:716 Glc1-GalNAc5-Bac1-PP-Undecaprenol 684:716 Glc1-GalNAc5-Bac1-PP-Undecaprenol 684:716 To explore LLOs' preferred location, orientation, structure, and dynamics in membrane bilayers of three different lipid types (dilauroylphosphatidylcholine, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine), we have modeled and simulated both eukaryotic (Glc3-Man9-GlcNAc2-PP-Dolichol) and bacterial (Glc1-GalNAc5-Bac1-PP-Undecaprenol) LLOs, which are composed of an isoprenoid moiety and an oligosaccharide, linked by pyrophosphate. 25418169 2 4 dep eukaryotic 626:635 arg1 Glc3-Man9-GlcNAc2-PP-Dolichol 638:666 Glc3-Man9-GlcNAc2-PP-Dolichol 638:666 Glc3-Man9-GlcNAc2-PP-Dolichol 638:666 To explore LLOs' preferred location, orientation, structure, and dynamics in membrane bilayers of three different lipid types (dilauroylphosphatidylcholine, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine), we have modeled and simulated both eukaryotic (Glc3-Man9-GlcNAc2-PP-Dolichol) and bacterial (Glc1-GalNAc5-Bac1-PP-Undecaprenol) LLOs, which are composed of an isoprenoid moiety and an oligosaccharide, linked by pyrophosphate. 25418169 0 5 from oligosaccharides 13:28 arg1 conformations 50:62 membranes sample conformations 33:62 membranes sample conformations that facilitate binding to oligosaccharyltransferase 33:115 Lipid-linked oligosaccharides in membranes sample conformations that facilitate binding to oligosaccharyltransferase. 25418169 3 6 from impact 848:853 arg1 structure 928:936 structure 928:936 structure 928:936 The simulations show no strong impact of different bilayer hydrophobic thicknesses on the overall orientation, structure, and dynamics of the isoprenoid moiety and the oligosaccharide. 25418169 3 6 from impact 848:853 arg1 dynamics 943:950 dynamics 943:950 dynamics 943:950 The simulations show no strong impact of different bilayer hydrophobic thicknesses on the overall orientation, structure, and dynamics of the isoprenoid moiety and the oligosaccharide. 25418169 3 6 from impact 848:853 arg1 orientation 915:925 the overall orientation 903:925 the overall orientation 903:925 The simulations show no strong impact of different bilayer hydrophobic thicknesses on the overall orientation, structure, and dynamics of the isoprenoid moiety and the oligosaccharide. 25418169 6 7 theme bilayer 1364:1370 arg1 interface 1372:1380 the bilayer interface 1360:1380 the bilayer interface 1360:1380 The oligosaccharide conformation and dynamics are similar to those in solution, but there are preferred interactions between the oligosaccharide and the bilayer interface, which leads to LLO sugar orientations parallel to the bilayer surface. 25418169 7 8 theme LLO 1489:1491 arg1 docking 1464:1470 Molecular docking 1454:1470 Molecular docking of the bacterial LLO to a bacterial OST 1454:1510 Molecular docking of the bacterial LLO to a bacterial OST suggests that such orientations can enhance binding of LLOs to OST. 25418169 4 9 theme bilayer 1039:1045 arg1 region 1058:1063 the bilayer head group region 1035:1063 the bilayer head group region 1035:1063 The pyrophosphate group stays in the bilayer head group region. 25418169 2 10 dep types 488:492 arg1 dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine 525:554 dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine 525:554 dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine 525:554 To explore LLOs' preferred location, orientation, structure, and dynamics in membrane bilayers of three different lipid types (dilauroylphosphatidylcholine, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine), we have modeled and simulated both eukaryotic (Glc3-Man9-GlcNAc2-PP-Dolichol) and bacterial (Glc1-GalNAc5-Bac1-PP-Undecaprenol) LLOs, which are composed of an isoprenoid moiety and an oligosaccharide, linked by pyrophosphate. 25418169 2 10 dep types 488:492 arg1 dioleoylphosphatidylcholine 561:587 dioleoylphosphatidylcholine 561:587 dioleoylphosphatidylcholine 561:587 To explore LLOs' preferred location, orientation, structure, and dynamics in membrane bilayers of three different lipid types (dilauroylphosphatidylcholine, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine), we have modeled and simulated both eukaryotic (Glc3-Man9-GlcNAc2-PP-Dolichol) and bacterial (Glc1-GalNAc5-Bac1-PP-Undecaprenol) LLOs, which are composed of an isoprenoid moiety and an oligosaccharide, linked by pyrophosphate. 25418169 2 10 dep types 488:492 arg1 dilauroylphosphatidylcholine 495:522 dilauroylphosphatidylcholine 495:522 dilauroylphosphatidylcholine 495:522 To explore LLOs' preferred location, orientation, structure, and dynamics in membrane bilayers of three different lipid types (dilauroylphosphatidylcholine, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine), we have modeled and simulated both eukaryotic (Glc3-Man9-GlcNAc2-PP-Dolichol) and bacterial (Glc1-GalNAc5-Bac1-PP-Undecaprenol) LLOs, which are composed of an isoprenoid moiety and an oligosaccharide, linked by pyrophosphate. 25418169 2 10 dep types 488:492 arg1 types 488:492 three different lipid types 466:492 three different lipid types (dilauroylphosphatidylcholine, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine) 466:588 To explore LLOs' preferred location, orientation, structure, and dynamics in membrane bilayers of three different lipid types (dilauroylphosphatidylcholine, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine), we have modeled and simulated both eukaryotic (Glc3-Man9-GlcNAc2-PP-Dolichol) and bacterial (Glc1-GalNAc5-Bac1-PP-Undecaprenol) LLOs, which are composed of an isoprenoid moiety and an oligosaccharide, linked by pyrophosphate. 25418169 7 11 theme LLOs 1567:1570 arg1 binding 1556:1562 binding 1556:1562 binding of LLOs to OST 1556:1577 Molecular docking of the bacterial LLO to a bacterial OST suggests that such orientations can enhance binding of LLOs to OST. 25418169 3 12 theme oligosaccharide 985:999 arg1 structure 928:936 structure 928:936 structure 928:936 The simulations show no strong impact of different bilayer hydrophobic thicknesses on the overall orientation, structure, and dynamics of the isoprenoid moiety and the oligosaccharide. 25418169 3 12 theme oligosaccharide 985:999 arg1 dynamics 943:950 dynamics 943:950 dynamics 943:950 The simulations show no strong impact of different bilayer hydrophobic thicknesses on the overall orientation, structure, and dynamics of the isoprenoid moiety and the oligosaccharide. 25418169 3 12 theme oligosaccharide 985:999 arg1 orientation 915:925 the overall orientation 903:925 the overall orientation 903:925 The simulations show no strong impact of different bilayer hydrophobic thicknesses on the overall orientation, structure, and dynamics of the isoprenoid moiety and the oligosaccharide. 25418169 1 13 theme acceptor 289:296 arg1 asparagine 298:307 the acceptor asparagine 285:307 the acceptor asparagine of nascent proteins 285:327 Lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLOs) are the substrates of oligosaccharyltransferase (OST), the enzyme that catalyzes the en bloc transfer of the oligosaccharide onto the acceptor asparagine of nascent proteins during the process of N-glycosylation. 25418169 4 14 theme head 1047:1050 arg1 region 1058:1063 the bilayer head group region 1035:1063 the bilayer head group region 1035:1063 The pyrophosphate group stays in the bilayer head group region. 25418169 0 15 link Lipid-linked 0:11 arg1 oligosaccharides 13:28 Lipid-linked oligosaccharides 0:28 Lipid-linked oligosaccharides in membranes sample conformations that facilitate binding to oligosaccharyltransferase 0:115 Lipid-linked oligosaccharides in membranes sample conformations that facilitate binding to oligosaccharyltransferase. 25418169 7 16 theme bacterial 1498:1506 arg1 OST 1508:1510 a bacterial OST 1496:1510 a bacterial OST 1496:1510 Molecular docking of the bacterial LLO to a bacterial OST suggests that such orientations can enhance binding of LLOs to OST. 25418169 3 17 theme overall 907:913 arg1 orientation 915:925 the overall orientation 903:925 the overall orientation 903:925 The simulations show no strong impact of different bilayer hydrophobic thicknesses on the overall orientation, structure, and dynamics of the isoprenoid moiety and the oligosaccharide. 25418169 7 18 theme such 1526:1529 arg1 orientations 1531:1542 such orientations 1526:1542 such orientations 1526:1542 Molecular docking of the bacterial LLO to a bacterial OST suggests that such orientations can enhance binding of LLOs to OST. 25418169 6 19 theme bilayer 1437:1443 arg1 surface 1445:1451 the bilayer surface 1433:1451 the bilayer surface 1433:1451 The oligosaccharide conformation and dynamics are similar to those in solution, but there are preferred interactions between the oligosaccharide and the bilayer interface, which leads to LLO sugar orientations parallel to the bilayer surface. 25418169 6 20 dep oligosaccharide 1340:1354 arg1 the 1336:1338 the 1336:1338 the 1336:1338 The oligosaccharide conformation and dynamics are similar to those in solution, but there are preferred interactions between the oligosaccharide and the bilayer interface, which leads to LLO sugar orientations parallel to the bilayer surface. 25418169 2 21 theme isoprenoid 750:759 arg1 moiety 761:766 an isoprenoid moiety 747:766 an isoprenoid moiety 747:766 To explore LLOs' preferred location, orientation, structure, and dynamics in membrane bilayers of three different lipid types (dilauroylphosphatidylcholine, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine), we have modeled and simulated both eukaryotic (Glc3-Man9-GlcNAc2-PP-Dolichol) and bacterial (Glc1-GalNAc5-Bac1-PP-Undecaprenol) LLOs, which are composed of an isoprenoid moiety and an oligosaccharide, linked by pyrophosphate. 25418169 1 22 theme Lipid-linked 118:129 arg1 oligosaccharides 131:146 Lipid-linked oligosaccharides 118:146 Lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLOs) 118:153 Lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLOs) are the substrates of oligosaccharyltransferase (OST), the enzyme that catalyzes the en bloc transfer of the oligosaccharide onto the acceptor asparagine of nascent proteins during the process of N-glycosylation. 25418169 1 22 theme Lipid-linked 118:129 arg1 substrates 163:172 the substrates 159:172 the substrates of oligosaccharyltransferase (OST), the enzyme that catalyzes the en bloc transfer of the oligosaccharide onto the acceptor asparagine of nascent proteins during the process of N-glycosylation 159:365 Lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLOs) are the substrates of oligosaccharyltransferase (OST), the enzyme that catalyzes the en bloc transfer of the oligosaccharide onto the acceptor asparagine of nascent proteins during the process of N-glycosylation. 25418169 1 22 theme Lipid-linked 118:129 arg1 LLOs 149:152 LLOs 149:152 LLOs 149:152 Lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLOs) are the substrates of oligosaccharyltransferase (OST), the enzyme that catalyzes the en bloc transfer of the oligosaccharide onto the acceptor asparagine of nascent proteins during the process of N-glycosylation. 25418169 0 23 theme Lipid-linked 0:11 arg1 oligosaccharides 13:28 Lipid-linked oligosaccharides 0:28 Lipid-linked oligosaccharides in membranes sample conformations that facilitate binding to oligosaccharyltransferase 0:115 Lipid-linked oligosaccharides in membranes sample conformations that facilitate binding to oligosaccharyltransferase. 25418169 2 24 from location 395:402 arg1 bilayers 454:461 membrane bilayers 445:461 membrane bilayers 445:461 To explore LLOs' preferred location, orientation, structure, and dynamics in membrane bilayers of three different lipid types (dilauroylphosphatidylcholine, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine), we have modeled and simulated both eukaryotic (Glc3-Man9-GlcNAc2-PP-Dolichol) and bacterial (Glc1-GalNAc5-Bac1-PP-Undecaprenol) LLOs, which are composed of an isoprenoid moiety and an oligosaccharide, linked by pyrophosphate. 25418169 0 25 theme membranes 33:41 arg1 conformations 50:62 membranes sample conformations 33:62 membranes sample conformations that facilitate binding to oligosaccharyltransferase 33:115 Lipid-linked oligosaccharides in membranes sample conformations that facilitate binding to oligosaccharyltransferase. 25418169 4 26 theme pyrophosphate 1006:1018 arg1 group 1020:1024 The pyrophosphate group 1002:1024 The pyrophosphate group 1002:1024 The pyrophosphate group stays in the bilayer head group region. 25418169 7 27 theme bacterial 1479:1487 arg1 LLO 1489:1491 the bacterial LLO 1475:1491 the bacterial LLO 1475:1491 Molecular docking of the bacterial LLO to a bacterial OST suggests that such orientations can enhance binding of LLOs to OST. 25418169 2 28 theme membrane 445:452 arg1 bilayers 454:461 membrane bilayers 445:461 membrane bilayers 445:461 To explore LLOs' preferred location, orientation, structure, and dynamics in membrane bilayers of three different lipid types (dilauroylphosphatidylcholine, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine), we have modeled and simulated both eukaryotic (Glc3-Man9-GlcNAc2-PP-Dolichol) and bacterial (Glc1-GalNAc5-Bac1-PP-Undecaprenol) LLOs, which are composed of an isoprenoid moiety and an oligosaccharide, linked by pyrophosphate. 25418169 1 29 theme nascent 312:318 arg1 proteins 320:327 nascent proteins 312:327 nascent proteins 312:327 Lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLOs) are the substrates of oligosaccharyltransferase (OST), the enzyme that catalyzes the en bloc transfer of the oligosaccharide onto the acceptor asparagine of nascent proteins during the process of N-glycosylation. 25418169 6 30 theme parallel 1421:1428 arg1 orientations 1408:1419 LLO sugar orientations 1398:1419 LLO sugar orientations parallel to the bilayer surface 1398:1451 The oligosaccharide conformation and dynamics are similar to those in solution, but there are preferred interactions between the oligosaccharide and the bilayer interface, which leads to LLO sugar orientations parallel to the bilayer surface. 25418169 6 31 theme oligosaccharide 1215:1229 arg1 similar 1261:1267 similar 1261:1267 similar 1261:1267 The oligosaccharide conformation and dynamics are similar to those in solution, but there are preferred interactions between the oligosaccharide and the bilayer interface, which leads to LLO sugar orientations parallel to the bilayer surface. 25418169 6 31 theme oligosaccharide 1215:1229 arg1 conformation 1231:1242 The oligosaccharide conformation 1211:1242 The oligosaccharide conformation 1211:1242 The oligosaccharide conformation and dynamics are similar to those in solution, but there are preferred interactions between the oligosaccharide and the bilayer interface, which leads to LLO sugar orientations parallel to the bilayer surface. 25418169 1 32 theme proteins 320:327 arg1 asparagine 298:307 the acceptor asparagine 285:307 the acceptor asparagine of nascent proteins 285:327 Lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLOs) are the substrates of oligosaccharyltransferase (OST), the enzyme that catalyzes the en bloc transfer of the oligosaccharide onto the acceptor asparagine of nascent proteins during the process of N-glycosylation. 25418169 5 33 theme potential 1163:1171 arg1 role 1173:1176 its potential role 1159:1176 its potential role as a tentacle to search for OST 1159:1208 The isoprenoid moiety shows high flexibility inside the bilayer hydrophobic core, suggesting its potential role as a tentacle to search for OST. 25418169 6 34 theme sugar 1402:1406 arg1 orientations 1408:1419 LLO sugar orientations 1398:1419 LLO sugar orientations parallel to the bilayer surface 1398:1451 The oligosaccharide conformation and dynamics are similar to those in solution, but there are preferred interactions between the oligosaccharide and the bilayer interface, which leads to LLO sugar orientations parallel to the bilayer surface. 25418169 2 35 theme types 488:492 arg1 structure 418:426 structure 418:426 structure 418:426 To explore LLOs' preferred location, orientation, structure, and dynamics in membrane bilayers of three different lipid types (dilauroylphosphatidylcholine, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine), we have modeled and simulated both eukaryotic (Glc3-Man9-GlcNAc2-PP-Dolichol) and bacterial (Glc1-GalNAc5-Bac1-PP-Undecaprenol) LLOs, which are composed of an isoprenoid moiety and an oligosaccharide, linked by pyrophosphate. 25418169 2 35 theme types 488:492 arg1 dynamics 433:440 dynamics 433:440 dynamics 433:440 To explore LLOs' preferred location, orientation, structure, and dynamics in membrane bilayers of three different lipid types (dilauroylphosphatidylcholine, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine), we have modeled and simulated both eukaryotic (Glc3-Man9-GlcNAc2-PP-Dolichol) and bacterial (Glc1-GalNAc5-Bac1-PP-Undecaprenol) LLOs, which are composed of an isoprenoid moiety and an oligosaccharide, linked by pyrophosphate. 25418169 2 35 theme types 488:492 arg1 orientation 405:415 orientation 405:415 orientation 405:415 To explore LLOs' preferred location, orientation, structure, and dynamics in membrane bilayers of three different lipid types (dilauroylphosphatidylcholine, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine), we have modeled and simulated both eukaryotic (Glc3-Man9-GlcNAc2-PP-Dolichol) and bacterial (Glc1-GalNAc5-Bac1-PP-Undecaprenol) LLOs, which are composed of an isoprenoid moiety and an oligosaccharide, linked by pyrophosphate. 25418169 2 35 theme types 488:492 arg1 location 395:402 LLOs' preferred location 379:402 LLOs' preferred location 379:402 To explore LLOs' preferred location, orientation, structure, and dynamics in membrane bilayers of three different lipid types (dilauroylphosphatidylcholine, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine), we have modeled and simulated both eukaryotic (Glc3-Man9-GlcNAc2-PP-Dolichol) and bacterial (Glc1-GalNAc5-Bac1-PP-Undecaprenol) LLOs, which are composed of an isoprenoid moiety and an oligosaccharide, linked by pyrophosphate. 25418169 0 36 theme sample 43:48 arg1 conformations 50:62 membranes sample conformations 33:62 membranes sample conformations that facilitate binding to oligosaccharyltransferase 33:115 Lipid-linked oligosaccharides in membranes sample conformations that facilitate binding to oligosaccharyltransferase. 25418169 6 37 theme preferred 1305:1313 arg1 interactions 1315:1326 preferred interactions 1305:1326 preferred interactions between the oligosaccharide and the bilayer interface, which leads to LLO sugar orientations parallel to the bilayer surface 1305:1451 The oligosaccharide conformation and dynamics are similar to those in solution, but there are preferred interactions between the oligosaccharide and the bilayer interface, which leads to LLO sugar orientations parallel to the bilayer surface. 25418169 2 38 from orientation 405:415 arg1 bilayers 454:461 membrane bilayers 445:461 membrane bilayers 445:461 To explore LLOs' preferred location, orientation, structure, and dynamics in membrane bilayers of three different lipid types (dilauroylphosphatidylcholine, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine), we have modeled and simulated both eukaryotic (Glc3-Man9-GlcNAc2-PP-Dolichol) and bacterial (Glc1-GalNAc5-Bac1-PP-Undecaprenol) LLOs, which are composed of an isoprenoid moiety and an oligosaccharide, linked by pyrophosphate. 25418169 1 39 theme en 240:241 arg1 bloc 243:246 en bloc 240:246 the en bloc transfer of the oligosaccharide onto the acceptor asparagine of nascent proteins 236:327 Lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLOs) are the substrates of oligosaccharyltransferase (OST), the enzyme that catalyzes the en bloc transfer of the oligosaccharide onto the acceptor asparagine of nascent proteins during the process of N-glycosylation. 25418169 2 40 theme lipid 482:486 arg1 dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine 525:554 dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine 525:554 dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine 525:554 To explore LLOs' preferred location, orientation, structure, and dynamics in membrane bilayers of three different lipid types (dilauroylphosphatidylcholine, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine), we have modeled and simulated both eukaryotic (Glc3-Man9-GlcNAc2-PP-Dolichol) and bacterial (Glc1-GalNAc5-Bac1-PP-Undecaprenol) LLOs, which are composed of an isoprenoid moiety and an oligosaccharide, linked by pyrophosphate. 25418169 2 40 theme lipid 482:486 arg1 dioleoylphosphatidylcholine 561:587 dioleoylphosphatidylcholine 561:587 dioleoylphosphatidylcholine 561:587 To explore LLOs' preferred location, orientation, structure, and dynamics in membrane bilayers of three different lipid types (dilauroylphosphatidylcholine, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine), we have modeled and simulated both eukaryotic (Glc3-Man9-GlcNAc2-PP-Dolichol) and bacterial (Glc1-GalNAc5-Bac1-PP-Undecaprenol) LLOs, which are composed of an isoprenoid moiety and an oligosaccharide, linked by pyrophosphate. 25418169 2 40 theme lipid 482:486 arg1 dilauroylphosphatidylcholine 495:522 dilauroylphosphatidylcholine 495:522 dilauroylphosphatidylcholine 495:522 To explore LLOs' preferred location, orientation, structure, and dynamics in membrane bilayers of three different lipid types (dilauroylphosphatidylcholine, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine), we have modeled and simulated both eukaryotic (Glc3-Man9-GlcNAc2-PP-Dolichol) and bacterial (Glc1-GalNAc5-Bac1-PP-Undecaprenol) LLOs, which are composed of an isoprenoid moiety and an oligosaccharide, linked by pyrophosphate. 25418169 2 40 theme lipid 482:486 arg1 types 488:492 three different lipid types 466:492 three different lipid types (dilauroylphosphatidylcholine, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine) 466:588 To explore LLOs' preferred location, orientation, structure, and dynamics in membrane bilayers of three different lipid types (dilauroylphosphatidylcholine, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine), we have modeled and simulated both eukaryotic (Glc3-Man9-GlcNAc2-PP-Dolichol) and bacterial (Glc1-GalNAc5-Bac1-PP-Undecaprenol) LLOs, which are composed of an isoprenoid moiety and an oligosaccharide, linked by pyrophosphate. 25418169 3 41 theme different 858:866 arg1 thicknesses 888:898 different bilayer hydrophobic thicknesses 858:898 different bilayer hydrophobic thicknesses 858:898 The simulations show no strong impact of different bilayer hydrophobic thicknesses on the overall orientation, structure, and dynamics of the isoprenoid moiety and the oligosaccharide. 25418169 6 42 theme LLO 1398:1400 arg1 orientations 1408:1419 LLO sugar orientations 1398:1419 LLO sugar orientations parallel to the bilayer surface 1398:1451 The oligosaccharide conformation and dynamics are similar to those in solution, but there are preferred interactions between the oligosaccharide and the bilayer interface, which leads to LLO sugar orientations parallel to the bilayer surface. 25418169 4 43 theme group 1052:1056 arg1 region 1058:1063 the bilayer head group region 1035:1063 the bilayer head group region 1035:1063 The pyrophosphate group stays in the bilayer head group region. 25418169 7 44 theme Molecular 1454:1462 arg1 docking 1464:1470 Molecular docking 1454:1470 Molecular docking of the bacterial LLO to a bacterial OST 1454:1510 Molecular docking of the bacterial LLO to a bacterial OST suggests that such orientations can enhance binding of LLOs to OST. 25418169 2 45 theme different 472:480 arg1 dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine 525:554 dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine 525:554 dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine 525:554 To explore LLOs' preferred location, orientation, structure, and dynamics in membrane bilayers of three different lipid types (dilauroylphosphatidylcholine, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine), we have modeled and simulated both eukaryotic (Glc3-Man9-GlcNAc2-PP-Dolichol) and bacterial (Glc1-GalNAc5-Bac1-PP-Undecaprenol) LLOs, which are composed of an isoprenoid moiety and an oligosaccharide, linked by pyrophosphate. 25418169 2 45 theme different 472:480 arg1 dioleoylphosphatidylcholine 561:587 dioleoylphosphatidylcholine 561:587 dioleoylphosphatidylcholine 561:587 To explore LLOs' preferred location, orientation, structure, and dynamics in membrane bilayers of three different lipid types (dilauroylphosphatidylcholine, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine), we have modeled and simulated both eukaryotic (Glc3-Man9-GlcNAc2-PP-Dolichol) and bacterial (Glc1-GalNAc5-Bac1-PP-Undecaprenol) LLOs, which are composed of an isoprenoid moiety and an oligosaccharide, linked by pyrophosphate. 25418169 2 45 theme different 472:480 arg1 dilauroylphosphatidylcholine 495:522 dilauroylphosphatidylcholine 495:522 dilauroylphosphatidylcholine 495:522 To explore LLOs' preferred location, orientation, structure, and dynamics in membrane bilayers of three different lipid types (dilauroylphosphatidylcholine, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine), we have modeled and simulated both eukaryotic (Glc3-Man9-GlcNAc2-PP-Dolichol) and bacterial (Glc1-GalNAc5-Bac1-PP-Undecaprenol) LLOs, which are composed of an isoprenoid moiety and an oligosaccharide, linked by pyrophosphate. 25418169 2 45 theme different 472:480 arg1 types 488:492 three different lipid types 466:492 three different lipid types (dilauroylphosphatidylcholine, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine) 466:588 To explore LLOs' preferred location, orientation, structure, and dynamics in membrane bilayers of three different lipid types (dilauroylphosphatidylcholine, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine), we have modeled and simulated both eukaryotic (Glc3-Man9-GlcNAc2-PP-Dolichol) and bacterial (Glc1-GalNAc5-Bac1-PP-Undecaprenol) LLOs, which are composed of an isoprenoid moiety and an oligosaccharide, linked by pyrophosphate. 25418169 3 46 theme strong 841:846 arg1 impact 848:853 no strong impact 838:853 no strong impact of different bilayer hydrophobic thicknesses on the overall orientation, structure, and dynamics of the isoprenoid moiety and the oligosaccharide 838:999 The simulations show no strong impact of different bilayer hydrophobic thicknesses on the overall orientation, structure, and dynamics of the isoprenoid moiety and the oligosaccharide. 25418169 2 47 theme eukaryotic 626:635 arg1 LLOs 719:722 and simulated both eukaryotic (Glc3-Man9-GlcNAc2-PP-Dolichol) and bacterial (Glc1-GalNAc5-Bac1-PP-Undecaprenol) LLOs 607:722 and simulated both eukaryotic (Glc3-Man9-GlcNAc2-PP-Dolichol) and bacterial (Glc1-GalNAc5-Bac1-PP-Undecaprenol) LLOs 607:722 To explore LLOs' preferred location, orientation, structure, and dynamics in membrane bilayers of three different lipid types (dilauroylphosphatidylcholine, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine), we have modeled and simulated both eukaryotic (Glc3-Man9-GlcNAc2-PP-Dolichol) and bacterial (Glc1-GalNAc5-Bac1-PP-Undecaprenol) LLOs, which are composed of an isoprenoid moiety and an oligosaccharide, linked by pyrophosphate. 25418169 5 48 theme hydrophobic 1130:1140 arg1 core 1142:1145 the bilayer hydrophobic core 1118:1145 the bilayer hydrophobic core 1118:1145 The isoprenoid moiety shows high flexibility inside the bilayer hydrophobic core, suggesting its potential role as a tentacle to search for OST. 25418169 5 49 theme bilayer 1122:1128 arg1 core 1142:1145 the bilayer hydrophobic core 1118:1145 the bilayer hydrophobic core 1118:1145 The isoprenoid moiety shows high flexibility inside the bilayer hydrophobic core, suggesting its potential role as a tentacle to search for OST. 25418169 2 50 from structure 418:426 arg1 bilayers 454:461 membrane bilayers 445:461 membrane bilayers 445:461 To explore LLOs' preferred location, orientation, structure, and dynamics in membrane bilayers of three different lipid types (dilauroylphosphatidylcholine, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine), we have modeled and simulated both eukaryotic (Glc3-Man9-GlcNAc2-PP-Dolichol) and bacterial (Glc1-GalNAc5-Bac1-PP-Undecaprenol) LLOs, which are composed of an isoprenoid moiety and an oligosaccharide, linked by pyrophosphate. 25418169 5 51 theme isoprenoid 1070:1079 arg1 moiety 1081:1086 The isoprenoid moiety 1066:1086 The isoprenoid moiety 1066:1086 The isoprenoid moiety shows high flexibility inside the bilayer hydrophobic core, suggesting its potential role as a tentacle to search for OST. 25418169 3 52 theme moiety 970:975 arg1 structure 928:936 structure 928:936 structure 928:936 The simulations show no strong impact of different bilayer hydrophobic thicknesses on the overall orientation, structure, and dynamics of the isoprenoid moiety and the oligosaccharide. 25418169 3 52 theme moiety 970:975 arg1 dynamics 943:950 dynamics 943:950 dynamics 943:950 The simulations show no strong impact of different bilayer hydrophobic thicknesses on the overall orientation, structure, and dynamics of the isoprenoid moiety and the oligosaccharide. 25418169 3 52 theme moiety 970:975 arg1 orientation 915:925 the overall orientation 903:925 the overall orientation 903:925 The simulations show no strong impact of different bilayer hydrophobic thicknesses on the overall orientation, structure, and dynamics of the isoprenoid moiety and the oligosaccharide. 25418169 1 53 theme bloc 243:246 arg1 transfer 248:255 the en bloc transfer 236:255 the en bloc transfer of the oligosaccharide onto the acceptor asparagine of nascent proteins 236:327 Lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLOs) are the substrates of oligosaccharyltransferase (OST), the enzyme that catalyzes the en bloc transfer of the oligosaccharide onto the acceptor asparagine of nascent proteins during the process of N-glycosylation. 25418169 2 54 theme simulated 611:619 arg1 LLOs 719:722 and simulated both eukaryotic (Glc3-Man9-GlcNAc2-PP-Dolichol) and bacterial (Glc1-GalNAc5-Bac1-PP-Undecaprenol) LLOs 607:722 and simulated both eukaryotic (Glc3-Man9-GlcNAc2-PP-Dolichol) and bacterial (Glc1-GalNAc5-Bac1-PP-Undecaprenol) LLOs 607:722 To explore LLOs' preferred location, orientation, structure, and dynamics in membrane bilayers of three different lipid types (dilauroylphosphatidylcholine, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine), we have modeled and simulated both eukaryotic (Glc3-Man9-GlcNAc2-PP-Dolichol) and bacterial (Glc1-GalNAc5-Bac1-PP-Undecaprenol) LLOs, which are composed of an isoprenoid moiety and an oligosaccharide, linked by pyrophosphate. 25418169 1 55 theme oligosaccharyltransferase 177:201 arg1 oligosaccharides 131:146 Lipid-linked oligosaccharides 118:146 Lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLOs) 118:153 Lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLOs) are the substrates of oligosaccharyltransferase (OST), the enzyme that catalyzes the en bloc transfer of the oligosaccharide onto the acceptor asparagine of nascent proteins during the process of N-glycosylation. 25418169 1 55 theme oligosaccharyltransferase 177:201 arg1 substrates 163:172 the substrates 159:172 the substrates of oligosaccharyltransferase (OST), the enzyme that catalyzes the en bloc transfer of the oligosaccharide onto the acceptor asparagine of nascent proteins during the process of N-glycosylation 159:365 Lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLOs) are the substrates of oligosaccharyltransferase (OST), the enzyme that catalyzes the en bloc transfer of the oligosaccharide onto the acceptor asparagine of nascent proteins during the process of N-glycosylation. 25418169 3 56 theme bilayer 868:874 arg1 thicknesses 888:898 different bilayer hydrophobic thicknesses 858:898 different bilayer hydrophobic thicknesses 858:898 The simulations show no strong impact of different bilayer hydrophobic thicknesses on the overall orientation, structure, and dynamics of the isoprenoid moiety and the oligosaccharide. 25418169 2 57 dep simulated 611:619 arg1 both 621:624 both 621:624 both 621:624 To explore LLOs' preferred location, orientation, structure, and dynamics in membrane bilayers of three different lipid types (dilauroylphosphatidylcholine, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine), we have modeled and simulated both eukaryotic (Glc3-Man9-GlcNAc2-PP-Dolichol) and bacterial (Glc1-GalNAc5-Bac1-PP-Undecaprenol) LLOs, which are composed of an isoprenoid moiety and an oligosaccharide, linked by pyrophosphate. 25418169 1 58 theme N-glycosylation 351:365 arg1 process 340:346 the process 336:346 the process of N-glycosylation 336:365 Lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLOs) are the substrates of oligosaccharyltransferase (OST), the enzyme that catalyzes the en bloc transfer of the oligosaccharide onto the acceptor asparagine of nascent proteins during the process of N-glycosylation. 25418169 5 59 theme high 1094:1097 arg1 flexibility 1099:1109 high flexibility 1094:1109 high flexibility inside the bilayer hydrophobic core 1094:1145 The isoprenoid moiety shows high flexibility inside the bilayer hydrophobic core, suggesting its potential role as a tentacle to search for OST. 25418169 2 60 theme preferred 385:393 arg1 location 395:402 LLOs' preferred location 379:402 LLOs' preferred location 379:402 To explore LLOs' preferred location, orientation, structure, and dynamics in membrane bilayers of three different lipid types (dilauroylphosphatidylcholine, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine), we have modeled and simulated both eukaryotic (Glc3-Man9-GlcNAc2-PP-Dolichol) and bacterial (Glc1-GalNAc5-Bac1-PP-Undecaprenol) LLOs, which are composed of an isoprenoid moiety and an oligosaccharide, linked by pyrophosphate. 25418169 3 61 theme isoprenoid 959:968 arg1 moiety 970:975 the isoprenoid moiety 955:975 the isoprenoid moiety 955:975 The simulations show no strong impact of different bilayer hydrophobic thicknesses on the overall orientation, structure, and dynamics of the isoprenoid moiety and the oligosaccharide. 25418169 3 62 theme hydrophobic 876:886 arg1 thicknesses 888:898 different bilayer hydrophobic thicknesses 858:898 different bilayer hydrophobic thicknesses 858:898 The simulations show no strong impact of different bilayer hydrophobic thicknesses on the overall orientation, structure, and dynamics of the isoprenoid moiety and the oligosaccharide. 25143376 9 0 theme cytokine 1694:1701 arg1 responses 1703:1711 interleukin 10 (Il10) and transforming growth factor-β (Tgfβ) cytokine responses 1632:1711 interleukin 10 (Il10) and transforming growth factor-β (Tgfβ) cytokine responses alone (P < 0.05) or with EHEC O157:H7 infection (P < 0.05) 1632:1770 Prebiotics increased interleukin 10 (Il10) and transforming growth factor-β (Tgfβ) cytokine responses alone (P < 0.05) or with EHEC O157:H7 infection (P < 0.05) in vitro. 25143376 1 1 theme disease 401:407 arg1 cell 356:359 complimentary relevant cell and animal models 333:377 cell 356:359 BACKGROUND Few studies have focused on the ability of prebiotics to prevent pathogen-induced cellular changes or alter the composition of the intestinal microbiota in complimentary relevant cell and animal models of inflammatory bowel disease. 25143376 1 1 theme disease 401:407 arg1 models 372:377 complimentary relevant cell and animal models 333:377 models 372:377 BACKGROUND Few studies have focused on the ability of prebiotics to prevent pathogen-induced cellular changes or alter the composition of the intestinal microbiota in complimentary relevant cell and animal models of inflammatory bowel disease. 25143376 10 2 theme motif 1868:1872 arg1 ligand 1874:1879 chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 1854:1881 chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 (Cxcl8) (P < 0.05) expression 1854:1911 Increases in tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnfα) (P < 0.05) and decreases in chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 (Cxcl8) (P < 0.05) expression were observed with prebiotic treatment prior to EHEC infection. 25143376 10 2 theme motif 1868:1872 arg1 Cxcl8 1884:1888 Cxcl8 1884:1888 Cxcl8 1884:1888 Increases in tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnfα) (P < 0.05) and decreases in chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 (Cxcl8) (P < 0.05) expression were observed with prebiotic treatment prior to EHEC infection. 25143376 10 2 theme motif 1868:1872 arg1 < 1894:1894 P < 0.05 1892:1899 P < 0.05 1892:1899 Increases in tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnfα) (P < 0.05) and decreases in chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 (Cxcl8) (P < 0.05) expression were observed with prebiotic treatment prior to EHEC infection. 25143376 10 3 theme P 1827:1827 arg1 factor-α 1810:1817 tumor necrosis factor-α 1795:1817 tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnfα) (P < 0.05) 1795:1835 Increases in tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnfα) (P < 0.05) and decreases in chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 (Cxcl8) (P < 0.05) expression were observed with prebiotic treatment prior to EHEC infection. 25143376 10 3 theme P 1827:1827 arg1 < 1829:1829 P < 0.05 1827:1834 P < 0.05 1827:1834 Increases in tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnfα) (P < 0.05) and decreases in chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 (Cxcl8) (P < 0.05) expression were observed with prebiotic treatment prior to EHEC infection. 25143376 14 4 theme new 2350:2352 arg1 insights 2354:2361 new insights 2350:2361 new insights 2350:2361 CONCLUSION This study provides new insights as to how prebiotics act in complementary in vitro and in vivo models of intestinal injury. 25143376 2 5 theme Caco2-bbe 615:623 arg1 cells 636:640 Caco2-bbe epithelial cells 615:640 Caco2-bbe epithelial cells 615:640 OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine if pretreatment with inulin and a short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (sc-FOS) prevents enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection in Caco2-bbe epithelial cells and what effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS or inulin has on C57BL/6 mice under sham conditions or pretreatment with prebiotics before Citrobacter rodentium infection (10(8) colony-forming units). 25143376 6 6 theme fatty 1241:1245 arg1 SCFAs 1254:1258 SCFAs 1254:1258 SCFAs 1254:1258 Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were measured by GC. 25143376 6 6 theme fatty 1241:1245 arg1 acids 1247:1251 Short-chain fatty acids 1229:1251 Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) 1229:1259 Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were measured by GC. 25143376 2 7 from infection 602:610 arg1 cells 636:640 Caco2-bbe epithelial cells 615:640 Caco2-bbe epithelial cells 615:640 OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine if pretreatment with inulin and a short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (sc-FOS) prevents enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection in Caco2-bbe epithelial cells and what effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS or inulin has on C57BL/6 mice under sham conditions or pretreatment with prebiotics before Citrobacter rodentium infection (10(8) colony-forming units). 25143376 13 8 theme fecal 2278:2282 arg1 SCFAs 2284:2288 fecal SCFAs 2278:2288 fecal SCFAs 2278:2288 Inulin and sc-FOS (P < 0.05) increased fecal SCFAs in the absence of infection. 25143376 12 9 from postinfection 2152:2164 arg1 evident 2128:2134 evident 2128:2134 evident 2128:2134 Alterations in microbiome were evident at 6 d and 10 d postinfection in treatment groups, but a change in C. rodentium load was not observed. 25143376 9 10 theme P 1720:1720 arg1 < 1722:1722 P < 0.05 1720:1727 P < 0.05 1720:1727 Prebiotics increased interleukin 10 (Il10) and transforming growth factor-β (Tgfβ) cytokine responses alone (P < 0.05) or with EHEC O157:H7 infection (P < 0.05) in vitro. 25143376 7 11 theme P 1460:1460 arg1 TER 1455:1457 TER 1455:1457 TER (P < 0.005) 1455:1469 RESULTS sc-FOS added to monolayers altered actin polymerization without affecting TER or permeability to a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) probe, whereas inulin increased TER (P < 0.005) and altered actin arrangement without affecting FITC permeability. 25143376 7 11 theme P 1460:1460 arg1 < 1462:1462 P < 0.005 1460:1468 P < 0.005 1460:1468 RESULTS sc-FOS added to monolayers altered actin polymerization without affecting TER or permeability to a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) probe, whereas inulin increased TER (P < 0.005) and altered actin arrangement without affecting FITC permeability. 25143376 7 12 theme altered 1475:1481 arg1 arrangement 1489:1499 altered actin arrangement 1475:1499 altered actin arrangement 1475:1499 RESULTS sc-FOS added to monolayers altered actin polymerization without affecting TER or permeability to a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) probe, whereas inulin increased TER (P < 0.005) and altered actin arrangement without affecting FITC permeability. 25143376 11 13 theme cytokine 2026:2033 arg1 responses 2035:2043 cytokine responses 2026:2043 cytokine responses 2026:2043 No differences were noted in barrier function or cytokine responses in the absence or presence of C. rodentium in vivo. 25143376 14 14 dep in 2405:2406 arg1 vitro 2408:2412 vitro 2408:2412 vitro 2408:2412 CONCLUSION This study provides new insights as to how prebiotics act in complementary in vitro and in vivo models of intestinal injury. 25143376 12 15 from d 2141:2141 arg1 evident 2128:2134 evident 2128:2134 evident 2128:2134 Alterations in microbiome were evident at 6 d and 10 d postinfection in treatment groups, but a change in C. rodentium load was not observed. 25143376 11 16 dep absence 2052:2058 arg1 the 2048:2050 the 2048:2050 the 2048:2050 No differences were noted in barrier function or cytokine responses in the absence or presence of C. rodentium in vivo. 25143376 0 17 theme mouse 132:136 arg1 model 138:142 a mouse model 130:142 a mouse model of intestinal injury 130:163 Short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide and inulin modulate inflammatory responses and microbial communities in Caco2-bbe cells and in a mouse model of intestinal injury. 25143376 5 18 theme gene 1078:1081 arg1 expression 1083:1092 cytokine gene expression 1069:1092 cytokine gene expression 1069:1092 Alterations in cytokine gene expression and microbiome were assessed with quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization. 25143376 4 19 theme Barrier 939:945 arg1 function 947:954 Barrier function 939:954 Barrier function 939:954 Barrier function was assessed by a fluorescent probe and by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance (TER). 25143376 2 20 theme rodentium 777:785 arg1 infection 787:795 Citrobacter rodentium infection 765:795 Citrobacter rodentium infection (10(8) colony-forming units) 765:824 OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine if pretreatment with inulin and a short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (sc-FOS) prevents enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection in Caco2-bbe epithelial cells and what effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS or inulin has on C57BL/6 mice under sham conditions or pretreatment with prebiotics before Citrobacter rodentium infection (10(8) colony-forming units). 25143376 2 20 theme rodentium 777:785 arg1 units 819:823 10(8) colony-forming units 798:823 10(8) colony-forming units 798:823 OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine if pretreatment with inulin and a short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (sc-FOS) prevents enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection in Caco2-bbe epithelial cells and what effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS or inulin has on C57BL/6 mice under sham conditions or pretreatment with prebiotics before Citrobacter rodentium infection (10(8) colony-forming units). 25143376 10 21 theme necrosis 1801:1808 arg1 Tnfα 1820:1823 Tnfα 1820:1823 Tnfα 1820:1823 Increases in tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnfα) (P < 0.05) and decreases in chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 (Cxcl8) (P < 0.05) expression were observed with prebiotic treatment prior to EHEC infection. 25143376 10 21 theme necrosis 1801:1808 arg1 factor-α 1810:1817 tumor necrosis factor-α 1795:1817 tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnfα) (P < 0.05) 1795:1835 Increases in tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnfα) (P < 0.05) and decreases in chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 (Cxcl8) (P < 0.05) expression were observed with prebiotic treatment prior to EHEC infection. 25143376 10 21 theme necrosis 1801:1808 arg1 < 1829:1829 P < 0.05 1827:1834 P < 0.05 1827:1834 Increases in tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnfα) (P < 0.05) and decreases in chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 (Cxcl8) (P < 0.05) expression were observed with prebiotic treatment prior to EHEC infection. 25143376 1 22 theme prebiotics 220:229 arg1 ability 209:215 the ability 205:215 the ability of prebiotics to prevent pathogen-induced cellular changes or alter the composition of the intestinal microbiota in complimentary relevant cell and animal models of inflammatory bowel disease 205:407 BACKGROUND Few studies have focused on the ability of prebiotics to prevent pathogen-induced cellular changes or alter the composition of the intestinal microbiota in complimentary relevant cell and animal models of inflammatory bowel disease. 25143376 10 23 from decreases 1841:1849 arg1 Tnfα 1820:1823 Tnfα 1820:1823 Tnfα 1820:1823 Increases in tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnfα) (P < 0.05) and decreases in chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 (Cxcl8) (P < 0.05) expression were observed with prebiotic treatment prior to EHEC infection. 25143376 10 23 from decreases 1841:1849 arg1 factor-α 1810:1817 tumor necrosis factor-α 1795:1817 tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnfα) (P < 0.05) 1795:1835 Increases in tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnfα) (P < 0.05) and decreases in chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 (Cxcl8) (P < 0.05) expression were observed with prebiotic treatment prior to EHEC infection. 25143376 10 23 from decreases 1841:1849 arg1 < 1829:1829 P < 0.05 1827:1834 P < 0.05 1827:1834 Increases in tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnfα) (P < 0.05) and decreases in chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 (Cxcl8) (P < 0.05) expression were observed with prebiotic treatment prior to EHEC infection. 25143376 10 23 from decreases 1841:1849 arg1 expression 1902:1911 chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 (Cxcl8) (P < 0.05) expression 1854:1911 chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 (Cxcl8) (P < 0.05) expression 1854:1911 Increases in tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnfα) (P < 0.05) and decreases in chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 (Cxcl8) (P < 0.05) expression were observed with prebiotic treatment prior to EHEC infection. 25143376 2 24 contain has 684:686 arg2 infection 602:610 H7 infection 599:610 enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection in Caco2-bbe epithelial cells and what effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS or inulin has on C57BL/6 mice under sham conditions or pretreatment with prebiotics before Citrobacter rodentium infection (10(8) colony-forming units) 552:824 OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine if pretreatment with inulin and a short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (sc-FOS) prevents enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection in Caco2-bbe epithelial cells and what effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS or inulin has on C57BL/6 mice under sham conditions or pretreatment with prebiotics before Citrobacter rodentium infection (10(8) colony-forming units). 25143376 2 24 contain has 684:686 arg1 inulin 677:682 inulin 677:682 inulin 677:682 OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine if pretreatment with inulin and a short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (sc-FOS) prevents enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection in Caco2-bbe epithelial cells and what effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS or inulin has on C57BL/6 mice under sham conditions or pretreatment with prebiotics before Citrobacter rodentium infection (10(8) colony-forming units). 25143376 2 24 contain has 684:686 arg1 sc-FOS 667:672 effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS 651:672 effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS 651:672 OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine if pretreatment with inulin and a short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (sc-FOS) prevents enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection in Caco2-bbe epithelial cells and what effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS or inulin has on C57BL/6 mice under sham conditions or pretreatment with prebiotics before Citrobacter rodentium infection (10(8) colony-forming units). 25143376 0 25 theme injury 158:163 arg1 model 138:142 a mouse model 130:142 a mouse model of intestinal injury 130:163 Short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide and inulin modulate inflammatory responses and microbial communities in Caco2-bbe cells and in a mouse model of intestinal injury. 25143376 2 26 with pretreatment 468:479 arg1 inulin 486:491 inulin 486:491 inulin 486:491 OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine if pretreatment with inulin and a short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (sc-FOS) prevents enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection in Caco2-bbe epithelial cells and what effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS or inulin has on C57BL/6 mice under sham conditions or pretreatment with prebiotics before Citrobacter rodentium infection (10(8) colony-forming units). 25143376 2 26 with pretreatment 468:479 arg1 sc-FOS 535:540 sc-FOS 535:540 sc-FOS 535:540 OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine if pretreatment with inulin and a short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (sc-FOS) prevents enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection in Caco2-bbe epithelial cells and what effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS or inulin has on C57BL/6 mice under sham conditions or pretreatment with prebiotics before Citrobacter rodentium infection (10(8) colony-forming units). 25143376 2 26 with pretreatment 468:479 arg1 fructo-oligosaccharide 511:532 a short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide 497:532 a short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (sc-FOS) 497:541 OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine if pretreatment with inulin and a short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (sc-FOS) prevents enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection in Caco2-bbe epithelial cells and what effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS or inulin has on C57BL/6 mice under sham conditions or pretreatment with prebiotics before Citrobacter rodentium infection (10(8) colony-forming units). 25143376 11 27 theme barrier 2006:2012 arg1 function 2014:2021 barrier function 2006:2021 barrier function 2006:2021 No differences were noted in barrier function or cytokine responses in the absence or presence of C. rodentium in vivo. 25143376 12 28 theme C. 2203:2204 arg1 load 2216:2219 C. rodentium load 2203:2219 C. rodentium load 2203:2219 Alterations in microbiome were evident at 6 d and 10 d postinfection in treatment groups, but a change in C. rodentium load was not observed. 25143376 3 29 theme Actin 835:839 arg1 rearrangement 841:853 Actin rearrangement 835:853 Actin rearrangement 835:853 METHODS Actin rearrangement and tight junction protein (zona occludin-1) were examined with immunofluorescence. 25143376 3 29 theme Actin 835:839 arg1 METHODS 827:833 METHODS 827:833 METHODS Actin rearrangement and tight junction protein (zona occludin-1) 827:898 METHODS Actin rearrangement and tight junction protein (zona occludin-1) were examined with immunofluorescence. 25143376 4 30 theme fluorescent 974:984 arg1 probe 986:990 a fluorescent probe 972:990 a fluorescent probe 972:990 Barrier function was assessed by a fluorescent probe and by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance (TER). 25143376 7 31 theme fluorescein 1389:1399 arg1 FITC 1417:1420 FITC 1417:1420 FITC 1417:1420 RESULTS sc-FOS added to monolayers altered actin polymerization without affecting TER or permeability to a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) probe, whereas inulin increased TER (P < 0.005) and altered actin arrangement without affecting FITC permeability. 25143376 7 31 theme fluorescein 1389:1399 arg1 isothiocyanate 1401:1414 fluorescein isothiocyanate 1389:1414 a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) probe 1387:1427 RESULTS sc-FOS added to monolayers altered actin polymerization without affecting TER or permeability to a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) probe, whereas inulin increased TER (P < 0.005) and altered actin arrangement without affecting FITC permeability. 25143376 0 32 theme microbial 82:90 arg1 communities 92:102 microbial communities 82:102 microbial communities 82:102 Short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide and inulin modulate inflammatory responses and microbial communities in Caco2-bbe cells and in a mouse model of intestinal injury. 25143376 5 33 theme reverse 1141:1147 arg1 reaction 1180:1187 quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction 1128:1187 quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction 1128:1187 Alterations in cytokine gene expression and microbiome were assessed with quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization. 25143376 14 34 theme intestinal 2436:2445 arg1 injury 2447:2452 intestinal injury 2436:2452 intestinal injury 2436:2452 CONCLUSION This study provides new insights as to how prebiotics act in complementary in vitro and in vivo models of intestinal injury. 25143376 12 35 theme treatment 2169:2177 arg1 groups 2179:2184 treatment groups 2169:2184 treatment groups 2169:2184 Alterations in microbiome were evident at 6 d and 10 d postinfection in treatment groups, but a change in C. rodentium load was not observed. 25143376 2 36 theme sham 710:713 arg1 conditions 715:724 sham conditions 710:724 sham conditions 710:724 OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine if pretreatment with inulin and a short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (sc-FOS) prevents enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection in Caco2-bbe epithelial cells and what effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS or inulin has on C57BL/6 mice under sham conditions or pretreatment with prebiotics before Citrobacter rodentium infection (10(8) colony-forming units). 25143376 5 37 from Alterations 1054:1064 arg1 expression 1083:1092 cytokine gene expression 1069:1092 cytokine gene expression 1069:1092 Alterations in cytokine gene expression and microbiome were assessed with quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization. 25143376 5 37 from Alterations 1054:1064 arg1 microbiome 1098:1107 microbiome 1098:1107 microbiome 1098:1107 Alterations in cytokine gene expression and microbiome were assessed with quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization. 25143376 1 38 theme animal 365:370 arg1 models 372:377 complimentary relevant cell and animal models 333:377 models 372:377 BACKGROUND Few studies have focused on the ability of prebiotics to prevent pathogen-induced cellular changes or alter the composition of the intestinal microbiota in complimentary relevant cell and animal models of inflammatory bowel disease. 25143376 1 39 theme Few 177:179 arg1 studies 181:187 BACKGROUND Few studies 166:187 BACKGROUND Few studies 166:187 BACKGROUND Few studies have focused on the ability of prebiotics to prevent pathogen-induced cellular changes or alter the composition of the intestinal microbiota in complimentary relevant cell and animal models of inflammatory bowel disease. 25143376 3 40 theme junction 865:872 arg1 protein 874:880 tight junction protein 859:880 tight junction protein (zona occludin-1) 859:898 METHODS Actin rearrangement and tight junction protein (zona occludin-1) were examined with immunofluorescence. 25143376 3 40 theme junction 865:872 arg1 occludin-1 888:897 zona occludin-1 883:897 zona occludin-1 883:897 METHODS Actin rearrangement and tight junction protein (zona occludin-1) were examined with immunofluorescence. 25143376 3 40 theme junction 865:872 arg1 METHODS 827:833 METHODS 827:833 METHODS Actin rearrangement and tight junction protein (zona occludin-1) 827:898 METHODS Actin rearrangement and tight junction protein (zona occludin-1) were examined with immunofluorescence. 25143376 12 41 from groups 2179:2184 arg1 evident 2128:2134 evident 2128:2134 evident 2128:2134 Alterations in microbiome were evident at 6 d and 10 d postinfection in treatment groups, but a change in C. rodentium load was not observed. 25143376 14 42 theme in 2418:2419 arg1 models 2426:2431 complementary in vitro and in vivo models 2391:2431 complementary in vitro and in vivo models of intestinal injury 2391:2452 CONCLUSION This study provides new insights as to how prebiotics act in complementary in vitro and in vivo models of intestinal injury. 25143376 8 43 theme EHEC-induced 1567:1578 arg1 decreases 1580:1588 EHEC-induced decreases 1567:1588 EHEC-induced decreases in barrier function 1567:1608 Neither prebiotic attenuated EHEC-induced decreases in barrier function. 25143376 2 44 theme % 660:660 arg1 sc-FOS 667:672 effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS 651:672 effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS 651:672 OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine if pretreatment with inulin and a short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (sc-FOS) prevents enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection in Caco2-bbe epithelial cells and what effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS or inulin has on C57BL/6 mice under sham conditions or pretreatment with prebiotics before Citrobacter rodentium infection (10(8) colony-forming units). 25143376 1 45 theme bowel 395:399 arg1 disease 401:407 inflammatory bowel disease 382:407 inflammatory bowel disease 382:407 BACKGROUND Few studies have focused on the ability of prebiotics to prevent pathogen-induced cellular changes or alter the composition of the intestinal microbiota in complimentary relevant cell and animal models of inflammatory bowel disease. 25143376 2 46 with conditions 715:724 arg1 prebiotics 747:756 prebiotics 747:756 prebiotics before Citrobacter rodentium infection (10(8) colony-forming units) 747:824 OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine if pretreatment with inulin and a short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (sc-FOS) prevents enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection in Caco2-bbe epithelial cells and what effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS or inulin has on C57BL/6 mice under sham conditions or pretreatment with prebiotics before Citrobacter rodentium infection (10(8) colony-forming units). 25143376 9 47 theme P 1762:1762 arg1 infection 1751:1759 EHEC O157:H7 infection 1738:1759 EHEC O157:H7 infection (P < 0.05) 1738:1770 Prebiotics increased interleukin 10 (Il10) and transforming growth factor-β (Tgfβ) cytokine responses alone (P < 0.05) or with EHEC O157:H7 infection (P < 0.05) in vitro. 25143376 9 47 theme P 1762:1762 arg1 < 1764:1764 P < 0.05 1762:1769 P < 0.05 1762:1769 Prebiotics increased interleukin 10 (Il10) and transforming growth factor-β (Tgfβ) cytokine responses alone (P < 0.05) or with EHEC O157:H7 infection (P < 0.05) in vitro. 25143376 0 48 theme Short-chain 0:10 arg1 fructo-oligosaccharide 12:33 Short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide 0:33 Short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide 0:33 Short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide and inulin modulate inflammatory responses and microbial communities in Caco2-bbe cells and in a mouse model of intestinal injury. 25143376 3 49 dep METHODS 827:833 arg1 protein 874:880 tight junction protein 859:880 tight junction protein (zona occludin-1) 859:898 METHODS Actin rearrangement and tight junction protein (zona occludin-1) were examined with immunofluorescence. 25143376 3 49 dep METHODS 827:833 arg1 occludin-1 888:897 zona occludin-1 883:897 zona occludin-1 883:897 METHODS Actin rearrangement and tight junction protein (zona occludin-1) were examined with immunofluorescence. 25143376 3 49 dep METHODS 827:833 arg1 rearrangement 841:853 Actin rearrangement 835:853 Actin rearrangement 835:853 METHODS Actin rearrangement and tight junction protein (zona occludin-1) were examined with immunofluorescence. 25143376 3 49 dep METHODS 827:833 arg1 METHODS 827:833 METHODS 827:833 METHODS Actin rearrangement and tight junction protein (zona occludin-1) 827:898 METHODS Actin rearrangement and tight junction protein (zona occludin-1) were examined with immunofluorescence. 25143376 12 50 from change 2193:2198 arg1 load 2216:2219 C. rodentium load 2203:2219 C. rodentium load 2203:2219 Alterations in microbiome were evident at 6 d and 10 d postinfection in treatment groups, but a change in C. rodentium load was not observed. 25143376 11 51 theme rodentium 2078:2086 arg1 presence 2063:2070 presence 2063:2070 presence 2063:2070 No differences were noted in barrier function or cytokine responses in the absence or presence of C. rodentium in vivo. 25143376 11 51 theme rodentium 2078:2086 arg1 absence 2052:2058 absence 2052:2058 absence 2052:2058 No differences were noted in barrier function or cytokine responses in the absence or presence of C. rodentium in vivo. 25143376 1 52 theme microbiota 319:328 arg1 composition 289:299 the composition 285:299 the composition of the intestinal microbiota in complimentary relevant cell and animal models of inflammatory bowel disease 285:407 BACKGROUND Few studies have focused on the ability of prebiotics to prevent pathogen-induced cellular changes or alter the composition of the intestinal microbiota in complimentary relevant cell and animal models of inflammatory bowel disease. 25143376 14 53 theme in 2405:2406 arg1 models 2426:2431 complementary in vitro and in vivo models 2391:2431 complementary in vitro and in vivo models of intestinal injury 2391:2452 CONCLUSION This study provides new insights as to how prebiotics act in complementary in vitro and in vivo models of intestinal injury. 25143376 2 54 theme coli 582:585 arg1 O157 594:597 enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157 552:597 enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection in Caco2-bbe epithelial cells and what effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS or inulin has on C57BL/6 mice under sham conditions or pretreatment with prebiotics before Citrobacter rodentium infection (10(8) colony-forming units) 552:824 OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine if pretreatment with inulin and a short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (sc-FOS) prevents enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection in Caco2-bbe epithelial cells and what effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS or inulin has on C57BL/6 mice under sham conditions or pretreatment with prebiotics before Citrobacter rodentium infection (10(8) colony-forming units). 25143376 4 55 theme electrical 1025:1034 arg1 TER 1048:1050 TER 1048:1050 TER 1048:1050 Barrier function was assessed by a fluorescent probe and by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance (TER). 25143376 4 55 theme electrical 1025:1034 arg1 resistance 1036:1045 transepithelial electrical resistance 1009:1045 transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) 1009:1051 Barrier function was assessed by a fluorescent probe and by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance (TER). 25143376 9 56 dep O157 1743:1746 arg1 H7 1748:1749 H7 1748:1749 EHEC O157:H7 infection (P < 0.05) 1738:1770 Prebiotics increased interleukin 10 (Il10) and transforming growth factor-β (Tgfβ) cytokine responses alone (P < 0.05) or with EHEC O157:H7 infection (P < 0.05) in vitro. 25143376 5 57 theme in 1206:1207 arg1 hybridization 1214:1226 fluorescence in situ hybridization 1193:1226 fluorescence in situ hybridization 1193:1226 Alterations in cytokine gene expression and microbiome were assessed with quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization. 25143376 9 58 theme growth 1671:1676 arg1 factor-β 1678:1685 transforming growth factor-β 1658:1685 transforming growth factor-β 1658:1685 Prebiotics increased interleukin 10 (Il10) and transforming growth factor-β (Tgfβ) cytokine responses alone (P < 0.05) or with EHEC O157:H7 infection (P < 0.05) in vitro. 25143376 7 59 theme actin 1325:1329 arg1 polymerization 1331:1344 actin polymerization 1325:1344 actin polymerization 1325:1344 RESULTS sc-FOS added to monolayers altered actin polymerization without affecting TER or permeability to a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) probe, whereas inulin increased TER (P < 0.005) and altered actin arrangement without affecting FITC permeability. 25143376 2 60 theme colony-forming 804:817 arg1 infection 787:795 Citrobacter rodentium infection 765:795 Citrobacter rodentium infection (10(8) colony-forming units) 765:824 OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine if pretreatment with inulin and a short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (sc-FOS) prevents enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection in Caco2-bbe epithelial cells and what effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS or inulin has on C57BL/6 mice under sham conditions or pretreatment with prebiotics before Citrobacter rodentium infection (10(8) colony-forming units). 25143376 2 60 theme colony-forming 804:817 arg1 units 819:823 10(8) colony-forming units 798:823 10(8) colony-forming units 798:823 OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine if pretreatment with inulin and a short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (sc-FOS) prevents enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection in Caco2-bbe epithelial cells and what effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS or inulin has on C57BL/6 mice under sham conditions or pretreatment with prebiotics before Citrobacter rodentium infection (10(8) colony-forming units). 25143376 2 61 dep OBJECTIVE 410:418 arg1 was 448:450 was 448:450 was to determine if pretreatment with inulin and a short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (sc-FOS) prevents enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection in Caco2-bbe epithelial cells and what effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS or inulin has on C57BL/6 mice under sham conditions or pretreatment with prebiotics before Citrobacter rodentium infection (10(8) colony-forming units) 448:824 OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine if pretreatment with inulin and a short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (sc-FOS) prevents enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection in Caco2-bbe epithelial cells and what effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS or inulin has on C57BL/6 mice under sham conditions or pretreatment with prebiotics before Citrobacter rodentium infection (10(8) colony-forming units). 25143376 14 62 dep in 2418:2419 arg1 vivo 2421:2424 vivo 2421:2424 vivo 2421:2424 CONCLUSION This study provides new insights as to how prebiotics act in complementary in vitro and in vivo models of intestinal injury. 25143376 12 63 from Alterations 2097:2107 arg1 microbiome 2112:2121 microbiome 2112:2121 microbiome 2112:2121 Alterations in microbiome were evident at 6 d and 10 d postinfection in treatment groups, but a change in C. rodentium load was not observed. 25143376 1 64 theme pathogen-induced 242:257 arg1 changes 268:274 pathogen-induced cellular changes 242:274 pathogen-induced cellular changes 242:274 BACKGROUND Few studies have focused on the ability of prebiotics to prevent pathogen-induced cellular changes or alter the composition of the intestinal microbiota in complimentary relevant cell and animal models of inflammatory bowel disease. 25143376 2 65 with pretreatment 729:740 arg1 prebiotics 747:756 prebiotics 747:756 prebiotics before Citrobacter rodentium infection (10(8) colony-forming units) 747:824 OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine if pretreatment with inulin and a short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (sc-FOS) prevents enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection in Caco2-bbe epithelial cells and what effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS or inulin has on C57BL/6 mice under sham conditions or pretreatment with prebiotics before Citrobacter rodentium infection (10(8) colony-forming units). 25143376 7 66 theme FITC 1519:1522 arg1 permeability 1524:1535 FITC permeability 1519:1535 FITC permeability 1519:1535 RESULTS sc-FOS added to monolayers altered actin polymerization without affecting TER or permeability to a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) probe, whereas inulin increased TER (P < 0.005) and altered actin arrangement without affecting FITC permeability. 25143376 13 67 theme P 2258:2258 arg1 < 2260:2260 P < 0.05 2258:2265 P < 0.05 2258:2265 Inulin and sc-FOS (P < 0.05) increased fecal SCFAs in the absence of infection. 25143376 13 67 theme P 2258:2258 arg1 Inulin 2239:2244 Inulin 2239:2244 Inulin 2239:2244 Inulin and sc-FOS (P < 0.05) increased fecal SCFAs in the absence of infection. 25143376 10 68 theme ligand 1874:1879 arg1 expression 1902:1911 chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 (Cxcl8) (P < 0.05) expression 1854:1911 chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 (Cxcl8) (P < 0.05) expression 1854:1911 Increases in tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnfα) (P < 0.05) and decreases in chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 (Cxcl8) (P < 0.05) expression were observed with prebiotic treatment prior to EHEC infection. 25143376 14 69 dep CONCLUSION 2319:2328 arg1 provides 2341:2348 provides 2341:2348 provides new insights as to how prebiotics act in complementary in vitro and in vivo models of intestinal injury 2341:2452 CONCLUSION This study provides new insights as to how prebiotics act in complementary in vitro and in vivo models of intestinal injury. 25143376 2 70 theme epithelial 625:634 arg1 cells 636:640 Caco2-bbe epithelial cells 615:640 Caco2-bbe epithelial cells 615:640 OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine if pretreatment with inulin and a short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (sc-FOS) prevents enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection in Caco2-bbe epithelial cells and what effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS or inulin has on C57BL/6 mice under sham conditions or pretreatment with prebiotics before Citrobacter rodentium infection (10(8) colony-forming units). 25143376 7 71 theme RESULTS 1282:1288 arg1 sc-FOS 1290:1295 RESULTS sc-FOS 1282:1295 RESULTS sc-FOS added to monolayers 1282:1315 RESULTS sc-FOS added to monolayers altered actin polymerization without affecting TER or permeability to a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) probe, whereas inulin increased TER (P < 0.005) and altered actin arrangement without affecting FITC permeability. 25143376 10 72 theme CXC 1864:1866 arg1 ligand 1874:1879 chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 1854:1881 chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 (Cxcl8) (P < 0.05) expression 1854:1911 Increases in tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnfα) (P < 0.05) and decreases in chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 (Cxcl8) (P < 0.05) expression were observed with prebiotic treatment prior to EHEC infection. 25143376 10 72 theme CXC 1864:1866 arg1 Cxcl8 1884:1888 Cxcl8 1884:1888 Cxcl8 1884:1888 Increases in tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnfα) (P < 0.05) and decreases in chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 (Cxcl8) (P < 0.05) expression were observed with prebiotic treatment prior to EHEC infection. 25143376 10 72 theme CXC 1864:1866 arg1 < 1894:1894 P < 0.05 1892:1899 P < 0.05 1892:1899 Increases in tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnfα) (P < 0.05) and decreases in chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 (Cxcl8) (P < 0.05) expression were observed with prebiotic treatment prior to EHEC infection. 25143376 7 73 theme actin 1483:1487 arg1 arrangement 1489:1499 altered actin arrangement 1475:1499 altered actin arrangement 1475:1499 RESULTS sc-FOS added to monolayers altered actin polymerization without affecting TER or permeability to a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) probe, whereas inulin increased TER (P < 0.005) and altered actin arrangement without affecting FITC permeability. 25143376 6 74 theme Short-chain 1229:1239 arg1 SCFAs 1254:1258 SCFAs 1254:1258 SCFAs 1254:1258 Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were measured by GC. 25143376 6 74 theme Short-chain 1229:1239 arg1 acids 1247:1251 Short-chain fatty acids 1229:1251 Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) 1229:1259 Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were measured by GC. 25143376 2 75 theme Citrobacter 765:775 arg1 infection 787:795 Citrobacter rodentium infection 765:795 Citrobacter rodentium infection (10(8) colony-forming units) 765:824 OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine if pretreatment with inulin and a short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (sc-FOS) prevents enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection in Caco2-bbe epithelial cells and what effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS or inulin has on C57BL/6 mice under sham conditions or pretreatment with prebiotics before Citrobacter rodentium infection (10(8) colony-forming units). 25143376 2 75 theme Citrobacter 765:775 arg1 units 819:823 10(8) colony-forming units 798:823 10(8) colony-forming units 798:823 OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine if pretreatment with inulin and a short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (sc-FOS) prevents enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection in Caco2-bbe epithelial cells and what effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS or inulin has on C57BL/6 mice under sham conditions or pretreatment with prebiotics before Citrobacter rodentium infection (10(8) colony-forming units). 25143376 2 76 theme effect 651:656 arg1 sc-FOS 667:672 effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS 651:672 effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS 651:672 OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine if pretreatment with inulin and a short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (sc-FOS) prevents enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection in Caco2-bbe epithelial cells and what effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS or inulin has on C57BL/6 mice under sham conditions or pretreatment with prebiotics before Citrobacter rodentium infection (10(8) colony-forming units). 25143376 1 77 theme complimentary 333:345 arg1 cell 356:359 complimentary relevant cell and animal models 333:377 cell 356:359 BACKGROUND Few studies have focused on the ability of prebiotics to prevent pathogen-induced cellular changes or alter the composition of the intestinal microbiota in complimentary relevant cell and animal models of inflammatory bowel disease. 25143376 1 78 from composition 289:299 arg1 cell 356:359 complimentary relevant cell and animal models 333:377 cell 356:359 BACKGROUND Few studies have focused on the ability of prebiotics to prevent pathogen-induced cellular changes or alter the composition of the intestinal microbiota in complimentary relevant cell and animal models of inflammatory bowel disease. 25143376 1 78 from composition 289:299 arg1 models 372:377 complimentary relevant cell and animal models 333:377 models 372:377 BACKGROUND Few studies have focused on the ability of prebiotics to prevent pathogen-induced cellular changes or alter the composition of the intestinal microbiota in complimentary relevant cell and animal models of inflammatory bowel disease. 25143376 5 79 theme chain 1174:1178 arg1 reaction 1180:1187 quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction 1128:1187 quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction 1128:1187 Alterations in cytokine gene expression and microbiome were assessed with quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization. 25143376 10 80 theme P 1892:1892 arg1 ligand 1874:1879 chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 1854:1881 chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 (Cxcl8) (P < 0.05) expression 1854:1911 Increases in tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnfα) (P < 0.05) and decreases in chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 (Cxcl8) (P < 0.05) expression were observed with prebiotic treatment prior to EHEC infection. 25143376 10 80 theme P 1892:1892 arg1 < 1894:1894 P < 0.05 1892:1899 P < 0.05 1892:1899 Increases in tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnfα) (P < 0.05) and decreases in chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 (Cxcl8) (P < 0.05) expression were observed with prebiotic treatment prior to EHEC infection. 25143376 0 81 theme intestinal 147:156 arg1 injury 158:163 intestinal injury 147:163 intestinal injury 147:163 Short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide and inulin modulate inflammatory responses and microbial communities in Caco2-bbe cells and in a mouse model of intestinal injury. 25143376 10 82 from Increases 1782:1790 arg1 Tnfα 1820:1823 Tnfα 1820:1823 Tnfα 1820:1823 Increases in tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnfα) (P < 0.05) and decreases in chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 (Cxcl8) (P < 0.05) expression were observed with prebiotic treatment prior to EHEC infection. 25143376 10 82 from Increases 1782:1790 arg1 factor-α 1810:1817 tumor necrosis factor-α 1795:1817 tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnfα) (P < 0.05) 1795:1835 Increases in tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnfα) (P < 0.05) and decreases in chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 (Cxcl8) (P < 0.05) expression were observed with prebiotic treatment prior to EHEC infection. 25143376 10 82 from Increases 1782:1790 arg1 < 1829:1829 P < 0.05 1827:1834 P < 0.05 1827:1834 Increases in tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnfα) (P < 0.05) and decreases in chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 (Cxcl8) (P < 0.05) expression were observed with prebiotic treatment prior to EHEC infection. 25143376 10 82 from Increases 1782:1790 arg1 expression 1902:1911 chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 (Cxcl8) (P < 0.05) expression 1854:1911 chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 (Cxcl8) (P < 0.05) expression 1854:1911 Increases in tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnfα) (P < 0.05) and decreases in chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 (Cxcl8) (P < 0.05) expression were observed with prebiotic treatment prior to EHEC infection. 25143376 12 83 from evident 2128:2134 arg1 groups 2179:2184 treatment groups 2169:2184 treatment groups 2169:2184 Alterations in microbiome were evident at 6 d and 10 d postinfection in treatment groups, but a change in C. rodentium load was not observed. 25143376 9 84 theme O157 1743:1746 arg1 infection 1751:1759 EHEC O157:H7 infection 1738:1759 EHEC O157:H7 infection (P < 0.05) 1738:1770 Prebiotics increased interleukin 10 (Il10) and transforming growth factor-β (Tgfβ) cytokine responses alone (P < 0.05) or with EHEC O157:H7 infection (P < 0.05) in vitro. 25143376 9 84 theme O157 1743:1746 arg1 < 1764:1764 P < 0.05 1762:1769 P < 0.05 1762:1769 Prebiotics increased interleukin 10 (Il10) and transforming growth factor-β (Tgfβ) cytokine responses alone (P < 0.05) or with EHEC O157:H7 infection (P < 0.05) in vitro. 25143376 10 85 theme tumor 1795:1799 arg1 Tnfα 1820:1823 Tnfα 1820:1823 Tnfα 1820:1823 Increases in tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnfα) (P < 0.05) and decreases in chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 (Cxcl8) (P < 0.05) expression were observed with prebiotic treatment prior to EHEC infection. 25143376 10 85 theme tumor 1795:1799 arg1 factor-α 1810:1817 tumor necrosis factor-α 1795:1817 tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnfα) (P < 0.05) 1795:1835 Increases in tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnfα) (P < 0.05) and decreases in chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 (Cxcl8) (P < 0.05) expression were observed with prebiotic treatment prior to EHEC infection. 25143376 10 85 theme tumor 1795:1799 arg1 < 1829:1829 P < 0.05 1827:1834 P < 0.05 1827:1834 Increases in tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnfα) (P < 0.05) and decreases in chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 (Cxcl8) (P < 0.05) expression were observed with prebiotic treatment prior to EHEC infection. 25143376 2 86 theme H7 599:600 arg1 infection 602:610 H7 infection 599:610 enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection in Caco2-bbe epithelial cells and what effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS or inulin has on C57BL/6 mice under sham conditions or pretreatment with prebiotics before Citrobacter rodentium infection (10(8) colony-forming units) 552:824 OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine if pretreatment with inulin and a short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (sc-FOS) prevents enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection in Caco2-bbe epithelial cells and what effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS or inulin has on C57BL/6 mice under sham conditions or pretreatment with prebiotics before Citrobacter rodentium infection (10(8) colony-forming units). 25143376 12 87 theme rodentium 2206:2214 arg1 load 2216:2219 C. rodentium load 2203:2219 C. rodentium load 2203:2219 Alterations in microbiome were evident at 6 d and 10 d postinfection in treatment groups, but a change in C. rodentium load was not observed. 25143376 2 88 theme C57BL/6 691:697 arg1 mice 699:702 C57BL/6 mice 691:702 C57BL/6 mice 691:702 OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine if pretreatment with inulin and a short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (sc-FOS) prevents enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection in Caco2-bbe epithelial cells and what effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS or inulin has on C57BL/6 mice under sham conditions or pretreatment with prebiotics before Citrobacter rodentium infection (10(8) colony-forming units). 25143376 3 89 theme tight 859:863 arg1 protein 874:880 tight junction protein 859:880 tight junction protein (zona occludin-1) 859:898 METHODS Actin rearrangement and tight junction protein (zona occludin-1) were examined with immunofluorescence. 25143376 3 89 theme tight 859:863 arg1 occludin-1 888:897 zona occludin-1 883:897 zona occludin-1 883:897 METHODS Actin rearrangement and tight junction protein (zona occludin-1) were examined with immunofluorescence. 25143376 3 89 theme tight 859:863 arg1 METHODS 827:833 METHODS 827:833 METHODS Actin rearrangement and tight junction protein (zona occludin-1) 827:898 METHODS Actin rearrangement and tight junction protein (zona occludin-1) were examined with immunofluorescence. 25143376 10 90 theme prior 1952:1956 arg1 treatment 1942:1950 prebiotic treatment 1932:1950 prebiotic treatment prior to EHEC infection 1932:1974 Increases in tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnfα) (P < 0.05) and decreases in chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 (Cxcl8) (P < 0.05) expression were observed with prebiotic treatment prior to EHEC infection. 25143376 5 91 theme cytokine 1069:1076 arg1 expression 1083:1092 cytokine gene expression 1069:1092 cytokine gene expression 1069:1092 Alterations in cytokine gene expression and microbiome were assessed with quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization. 25143376 14 92 theme injury 2447:2452 arg1 models 2426:2431 complementary in vitro and in vivo models 2391:2431 complementary in vitro and in vivo models of intestinal injury 2391:2452 CONCLUSION This study provides new insights as to how prebiotics act in complementary in vitro and in vivo models of intestinal injury. 25143376 7 93 theme isothiocyanate 1401:1414 arg1 probe 1423:1427 a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) probe 1387:1427 a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) probe 1387:1427 RESULTS sc-FOS added to monolayers altered actin polymerization without affecting TER or permeability to a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) probe, whereas inulin increased TER (P < 0.005) and altered actin arrangement without affecting FITC permeability. 25143376 10 94 theme prebiotic 1932:1940 arg1 treatment 1942:1950 prebiotic treatment 1932:1950 prebiotic treatment prior to EHEC infection 1932:1974 Increases in tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnfα) (P < 0.05) and decreases in chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 (Cxcl8) (P < 0.05) expression were observed with prebiotic treatment prior to EHEC infection. 25143376 0 95 theme Caco2-bbe 107:115 arg1 cells 117:121 Caco2-bbe cells 107:121 Caco2-bbe cells 107:121 Short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide and inulin modulate inflammatory responses and microbial communities in Caco2-bbe cells and in a mouse model of intestinal injury. 25143376 5 96 theme transcriptase-polymerase 1149:1172 arg1 reaction 1180:1187 quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction 1128:1187 quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction 1128:1187 Alterations in cytokine gene expression and microbiome were assessed with quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization. 25143376 1 97 theme BACKGROUND 166:175 arg1 studies 181:187 BACKGROUND Few studies 166:187 BACKGROUND Few studies 166:187 BACKGROUND Few studies have focused on the ability of prebiotics to prevent pathogen-induced cellular changes or alter the composition of the intestinal microbiota in complimentary relevant cell and animal models of inflammatory bowel disease. 25143376 3 98 theme zona 883:886 arg1 protein 874:880 tight junction protein 859:880 tight junction protein (zona occludin-1) 859:898 METHODS Actin rearrangement and tight junction protein (zona occludin-1) were examined with immunofluorescence. 25143376 3 98 theme zona 883:886 arg1 occludin-1 888:897 zona occludin-1 883:897 zona occludin-1 883:897 METHODS Actin rearrangement and tight junction protein (zona occludin-1) were examined with immunofluorescence. 25143376 2 99 theme short-chain 499:509 arg1 sc-FOS 535:540 sc-FOS 535:540 sc-FOS 535:540 OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine if pretreatment with inulin and a short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (sc-FOS) prevents enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection in Caco2-bbe epithelial cells and what effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS or inulin has on C57BL/6 mice under sham conditions or pretreatment with prebiotics before Citrobacter rodentium infection (10(8) colony-forming units). 25143376 2 99 theme short-chain 499:509 arg1 fructo-oligosaccharide 511:532 a short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide 497:532 a short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (sc-FOS) 497:541 OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine if pretreatment with inulin and a short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (sc-FOS) prevents enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection in Caco2-bbe epithelial cells and what effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS or inulin has on C57BL/6 mice under sham conditions or pretreatment with prebiotics before Citrobacter rodentium infection (10(8) colony-forming units). 25143376 2 100 theme v 665:665 arg1 sc-FOS 667:672 effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS 651:672 effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS 651:672 OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine if pretreatment with inulin and a short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (sc-FOS) prevents enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection in Caco2-bbe epithelial cells and what effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS or inulin has on C57BL/6 mice under sham conditions or pretreatment with prebiotics before Citrobacter rodentium infection (10(8) colony-forming units). 25143376 2 101 theme enterohemorrhagic 552:568 arg1 O157 594:597 enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157 552:597 enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection in Caco2-bbe epithelial cells and what effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS or inulin has on C57BL/6 mice under sham conditions or pretreatment with prebiotics before Citrobacter rodentium infection (10(8) colony-forming units) 552:824 OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine if pretreatment with inulin and a short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (sc-FOS) prevents enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection in Caco2-bbe epithelial cells and what effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS or inulin has on C57BL/6 mice under sham conditions or pretreatment with prebiotics before Citrobacter rodentium infection (10(8) colony-forming units). 25143376 5 102 dep in 1206:1207 arg1 situ 1209:1212 situ 1209:1212 situ 1209:1212 Alterations in cytokine gene expression and microbiome were assessed with quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization. 25143376 2 103 theme wt 662:663 arg1 sc-FOS 667:672 effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS 651:672 effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS 651:672 OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine if pretreatment with inulin and a short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (sc-FOS) prevents enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection in Caco2-bbe epithelial cells and what effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS or inulin has on C57BL/6 mice under sham conditions or pretreatment with prebiotics before Citrobacter rodentium infection (10(8) colony-forming units). 25143376 10 104 theme EHEC 1961:1964 arg1 infection 1966:1974 EHEC infection 1961:1974 EHEC infection 1961:1974 Increases in tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnfα) (P < 0.05) and decreases in chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 (Cxcl8) (P < 0.05) expression were observed with prebiotic treatment prior to EHEC infection. 25143376 1 105 theme inflammatory 382:393 arg1 disease 401:407 inflammatory bowel disease 382:407 inflammatory bowel disease 382:407 BACKGROUND Few studies have focused on the ability of prebiotics to prevent pathogen-induced cellular changes or alter the composition of the intestinal microbiota in complimentary relevant cell and animal models of inflammatory bowel disease. 25143376 7 106 dep altered 1317:1323 arg1 whereas 1430:1436 whereas 1430:1436 whereas 1430:1436 RESULTS sc-FOS added to monolayers altered actin polymerization without affecting TER or permeability to a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) probe, whereas inulin increased TER (P < 0.005) and altered actin arrangement without affecting FITC permeability. 25143376 8 107 theme barrier 1593:1599 arg1 function 1601:1608 barrier function 1593:1608 barrier function 1593:1608 Neither prebiotic attenuated EHEC-induced decreases in barrier function. 25143376 11 108 theme C. 2075:2076 arg1 rodentium 2078:2086 C. rodentium 2075:2086 C. rodentium 2075:2086 No differences were noted in barrier function or cytokine responses in the absence or presence of C. rodentium in vivo. 25143376 12 109 theme d 2150:2150 arg1 postinfection 2152:2164 6 d and 10 d postinfection 2139:2164 postinfection 2152:2164 Alterations in microbiome were evident at 6 d and 10 d postinfection in treatment groups, but a change in C. rodentium load was not observed. 25143376 9 110 dep alone 1713:1717 arg1 < 1722:1722 P < 0.05 1720:1727 P < 0.05 1720:1727 Prebiotics increased interleukin 10 (Il10) and transforming growth factor-β (Tgfβ) cytokine responses alone (P < 0.05) or with EHEC O157:H7 infection (P < 0.05) in vitro. 25143376 5 111 theme quantitative 1128:1139 arg1 reaction 1180:1187 quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction 1128:1187 quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction 1128:1187 Alterations in cytokine gene expression and microbiome were assessed with quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization. 25143376 9 112 theme interleukin 1632:1642 arg1 responses 1703:1711 interleukin 10 (Il10) and transforming growth factor-β (Tgfβ) cytokine responses 1632:1711 interleukin 10 (Il10) and transforming growth factor-β (Tgfβ) cytokine responses alone (P < 0.05) or with EHEC O157:H7 infection (P < 0.05) 1632:1770 Prebiotics increased interleukin 10 (Il10) and transforming growth factor-β (Tgfβ) cytokine responses alone (P < 0.05) or with EHEC O157:H7 infection (P < 0.05) in vitro. 25143376 9 113 theme EHEC 1738:1741 arg1 O157 1743:1746 EHEC O157 1738:1746 EHEC O157:H7 infection (P < 0.05) 1738:1770 Prebiotics increased interleukin 10 (Il10) and transforming growth factor-β (Tgfβ) cytokine responses alone (P < 0.05) or with EHEC O157:H7 infection (P < 0.05) in vitro. 25143376 13 114 theme infection 2308:2316 arg1 absence 2297:2303 the absence 2293:2303 the absence of infection 2293:2316 Inulin and sc-FOS (P < 0.05) increased fecal SCFAs in the absence of infection. 25143376 2 115 theme study 442:446 arg1 objective 424:432 The objective 420:432 The objective of this study 420:446 OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine if pretreatment with inulin and a short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (sc-FOS) prevents enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection in Caco2-bbe epithelial cells and what effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS or inulin has on C57BL/6 mice under sham conditions or pretreatment with prebiotics before Citrobacter rodentium infection (10(8) colony-forming units). 25143376 0 116 theme inflammatory 55:66 arg1 responses 68:76 inflammatory responses 55:76 inflammatory responses 55:76 Short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide and inulin modulate inflammatory responses and microbial communities in Caco2-bbe cells and in a mouse model of intestinal injury. 25143376 1 117 theme intestinal 308:317 arg1 microbiota 319:328 the intestinal microbiota 304:328 the intestinal microbiota 304:328 BACKGROUND Few studies have focused on the ability of prebiotics to prevent pathogen-induced cellular changes or alter the composition of the intestinal microbiota in complimentary relevant cell and animal models of inflammatory bowel disease. 25143376 8 118 from decreases 1580:1588 arg1 function 1601:1608 barrier function 1593:1608 barrier function 1593:1608 Neither prebiotic attenuated EHEC-induced decreases in barrier function. 25143376 5 119 theme fluorescence 1193:1204 arg1 hybridization 1214:1226 fluorescence in situ hybridization 1193:1226 fluorescence in situ hybridization 1193:1226 Alterations in cytokine gene expression and microbiome were assessed with quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization. 25143376 14 120 theme complementary 2391:2403 arg1 models 2426:2431 complementary in vitro and in vivo models 2391:2431 complementary in vitro and in vivo models of intestinal injury 2391:2452 CONCLUSION This study provides new insights as to how prebiotics act in complementary in vitro and in vivo models of intestinal injury. 25143376 2 121 dep O157 594:597 arg1 infection 602:610 H7 infection 599:610 enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection in Caco2-bbe epithelial cells and what effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS or inulin has on C57BL/6 mice under sham conditions or pretreatment with prebiotics before Citrobacter rodentium infection (10(8) colony-forming units) 552:824 OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine if pretreatment with inulin and a short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (sc-FOS) prevents enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection in Caco2-bbe epithelial cells and what effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS or inulin has on C57BL/6 mice under sham conditions or pretreatment with prebiotics before Citrobacter rodentium infection (10(8) colony-forming units). 25143376 9 122 theme transforming 1658:1669 arg1 factor-β 1678:1685 transforming growth factor-β 1658:1685 transforming growth factor-β 1658:1685 Prebiotics increased interleukin 10 (Il10) and transforming growth factor-β (Tgfβ) cytokine responses alone (P < 0.05) or with EHEC O157:H7 infection (P < 0.05) in vitro. 25143376 4 123 theme transepithelial 1009:1023 arg1 TER 1048:1050 TER 1048:1050 TER 1048:1050 Barrier function was assessed by a fluorescent probe and by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance (TER). 25143376 4 123 theme transepithelial 1009:1023 arg1 resistance 1036:1045 transepithelial electrical resistance 1009:1045 transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) 1009:1051 Barrier function was assessed by a fluorescent probe and by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance (TER). 25143376 10 124 theme chemokine 1854:1862 arg1 ligand 1874:1879 chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 1854:1881 chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 (Cxcl8) (P < 0.05) expression 1854:1911 Increases in tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnfα) (P < 0.05) and decreases in chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 (Cxcl8) (P < 0.05) expression were observed with prebiotic treatment prior to EHEC infection. 25143376 10 124 theme chemokine 1854:1862 arg1 Cxcl8 1884:1888 Cxcl8 1884:1888 Cxcl8 1884:1888 Increases in tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnfα) (P < 0.05) and decreases in chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 (Cxcl8) (P < 0.05) expression were observed with prebiotic treatment prior to EHEC infection. 25143376 10 124 theme chemokine 1854:1862 arg1 < 1894:1894 P < 0.05 1892:1899 P < 0.05 1892:1899 Increases in tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnfα) (P < 0.05) and decreases in chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 (Cxcl8) (P < 0.05) expression were observed with prebiotic treatment prior to EHEC infection. 25143376 1 125 theme relevant 347:354 arg1 cell 356:359 complimentary relevant cell and animal models 333:377 cell 356:359 BACKGROUND Few studies have focused on the ability of prebiotics to prevent pathogen-induced cellular changes or alter the composition of the intestinal microbiota in complimentary relevant cell and animal models of inflammatory bowel disease. 25143376 9 126 theme factor-β 1678:1685 arg1 responses 1703:1711 interleukin 10 (Il10) and transforming growth factor-β (Tgfβ) cytokine responses 1632:1711 interleukin 10 (Il10) and transforming growth factor-β (Tgfβ) cytokine responses alone (P < 0.05) or with EHEC O157:H7 infection (P < 0.05) 1632:1770 Prebiotics increased interleukin 10 (Il10) and transforming growth factor-β (Tgfβ) cytokine responses alone (P < 0.05) or with EHEC O157:H7 infection (P < 0.05) in vitro. 25143376 1 127 theme cellular 259:266 arg1 changes 268:274 pathogen-induced cellular changes 242:274 pathogen-induced cellular changes 242:274 BACKGROUND Few studies have focused on the ability of prebiotics to prevent pathogen-induced cellular changes or alter the composition of the intestinal microbiota in complimentary relevant cell and animal models of inflammatory bowel disease. 27258173 7 0 used used 1128:1131 arg2 GCE 1117:1119 the TOSC-MoS2 modified GCE 1094:1119 the TOSC-MoS2 modified GCE 1094:1119 The amperometric response result indicates the TOSC-MoS2 modified GCE can be used to determine nitrite concentration in wide linear ranges of 6.0-3140 and 3140-4200µM with a detection limit of 2.0µM. 27258173 4 1 theme microscopy 701:710 arg1 images 718:723 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images 640:723 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images 640:723 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show the TOSC as a carbon nanotube-like structure and edged MoS2 grows on the TOSC substrate. 27258173 8 2 contain has 1271:1273 arg1 sensor 1264:1269 The proposed sensor 1251:1269 The proposed sensor 1251:1269 The proposed sensor has good anti-interference property. 27258173 8 2 contain has 1271:1273 arg2 property 1298:1305 good anti-interference property 1275:1305 good anti-interference property 1275:1305 The proposed sensor has good anti-interference property. 27258173 6 3 theme nitrite 1042:1048 arg1 oxidation 1029:1037 the oxidation 1025:1037 the oxidation of nitrite 1025:1048 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) result shows TOSC-MoS2 has excellent electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of nitrite. 27258173 6 4 theme excellent 985:993 arg1 activity 1012:1019 excellent electrocatalytic activity 985:1019 excellent electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of nitrite 985:1048 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) result shows TOSC-MoS2 has excellent electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of nitrite. 27258173 1 5 from resource 174:181 arg1 earth 186:190 earth 186:190 earth 186:190 Cellulose is the most abundant, renewable, biodegradable natural polymer resource on earth, which can be a good substrate for catalysis. 27258173 1 5 from resource 174:181 arg1 substrate 213:221 a good substrate 206:221 a good substrate for catalysis 206:235 Cellulose is the most abundant, renewable, biodegradable natural polymer resource on earth, which can be a good substrate for catalysis. 27258173 7 6 theme 2.0µM 1244:1248 arg1 limit 1235:1239 a detection limit 1223:1239 a detection limit of 2.0µM 1223:1248 The amperometric response result indicates the TOSC-MoS2 modified GCE can be used to determine nitrite concentration in wide linear ranges of 6.0-3140 and 3140-4200µM with a detection limit of 2.0µM. 27258173 9 7 theme Real 1308:1311 arg1 analysis 1320:1327 Real sample analysis 1308:1327 Real sample analysis 1308:1327 Real sample analysis and the electrocatalytic mechanism have also been presented. 27258173 7 8 theme 3140-4200µM 1206:1216 arg1 ranges 1183:1188 wide linear ranges 1171:1188 wide linear ranges of 6.0-3140 and 3140-4200µM with a detection limit of 2.0µM 1171:1248 The amperometric response result indicates the TOSC-MoS2 modified GCE can be used to determine nitrite concentration in wide linear ranges of 6.0-3140 and 3140-4200µM with a detection limit of 2.0µM. 27258173 9 9 theme sample 1313:1318 arg1 analysis 1320:1327 Real sample analysis 1308:1327 Real sample analysis 1308:1327 Real sample analysis and the electrocatalytic mechanism have also been presented. 27258173 4 10 theme nanotube-like 751:763 arg1 structure 765:773 a carbon nanotube-like structure 742:773 a carbon nanotube-like structure 742:773 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show the TOSC as a carbon nanotube-like structure and edged MoS2 grows on the TOSC substrate. 27258173 3 11 dep Fourier 498:504 arg1 transform 506:514 transform 506:514 transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis 506:581 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirm that TOSC and MoS2 have successfully composited. 27258173 5 12 theme electrochemical 910:924 arg1 sensor 926:931 a simple and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor 883:931 a simple and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor 883:931 The TOSC-MoS2 modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is used as a simple and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor. 27258173 5 12 theme electrochemical 910:924 arg1 electrode 856:864 The TOSC-MoS2 modified glassy carbon electrode 819:864 The TOSC-MoS2 modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) 819:870 The TOSC-MoS2 modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is used as a simple and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor. 27258173 5 13 theme modified 833:840 arg1 sensor 926:931 a simple and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor 883:931 a simple and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor 883:931 The TOSC-MoS2 modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is used as a simple and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor. 27258173 5 13 theme modified 833:840 arg1 GCE 867:869 GCE 867:869 GCE 867:869 The TOSC-MoS2 modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is used as a simple and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor. 27258173 5 13 theme modified 833:840 arg1 electrode 856:864 The TOSC-MoS2 modified glassy carbon electrode 819:864 The TOSC-MoS2 modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) 819:870 The TOSC-MoS2 modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is used as a simple and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor. 27258173 4 14 theme Scanning 640:647 arg1 microscopy 658:667 Scanning electron microscopy 640:667 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 640:673 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show the TOSC as a carbon nanotube-like structure and edged MoS2 grows on the TOSC substrate. 27258173 4 14 theme Scanning 640:647 arg1 SEM 670:672 SEM 670:672 SEM 670:672 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show the TOSC as a carbon nanotube-like structure and edged MoS2 grows on the TOSC substrate. 27258173 3 15 dep transform 506:514 arg1 infrared 516:523 infrared 516:523 transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis 506:581 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirm that TOSC and MoS2 have successfully composited. 27258173 4 16 theme transmission 679:690 arg1 TEM 713:715 TEM 713:715 TEM 713:715 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show the TOSC as a carbon nanotube-like structure and edged MoS2 grows on the TOSC substrate. 27258173 4 16 theme transmission 679:690 arg1 microscopy 701:710 transmission electron microscopy 679:710 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 679:716 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show the TOSC as a carbon nanotube-like structure and edged MoS2 grows on the TOSC substrate. 27258173 2 17 theme cellulose/molybdenum 399:418 arg1 composite 440:448 then a TEMPO oxidized straw cellulose/molybdenum sulfide (TOSC-MoS2) composite 371:448 then a TEMPO oxidized straw cellulose/molybdenum sulfide (TOSC-MoS2) composite 371:448 In this work, straw cellulose has been oxidized through 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation, and then a TEMPO oxidized straw cellulose/molybdenum sulfide (TOSC-MoS2) composite has been synthesized via a hydrothermal method. 27258173 7 18 theme 6.0-3140 1193:1200 arg1 ranges 1183:1188 wide linear ranges 1171:1188 wide linear ranges of 6.0-3140 and 3140-4200µM with a detection limit of 2.0µM 1171:1248 The amperometric response result indicates the TOSC-MoS2 modified GCE can be used to determine nitrite concentration in wide linear ranges of 6.0-3140 and 3140-4200µM with a detection limit of 2.0µM. 27258173 7 19 theme modified 1108:1115 arg1 GCE 1117:1119 the TOSC-MoS2 modified GCE 1094:1119 the TOSC-MoS2 modified GCE 1094:1119 The amperometric response result indicates the TOSC-MoS2 modified GCE can be used to determine nitrite concentration in wide linear ranges of 6.0-3140 and 3140-4200µM with a detection limit of 2.0µM. 27258173 3 20 theme X-ray 550:554 arg1 diffraction 556:566 X-ray diffraction 550:566 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 550:572 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirm that TOSC and MoS2 have successfully composited. 27258173 3 20 theme X-ray 550:554 arg1 XRD 569:571 XRD 569:571 XRD 569:571 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirm that TOSC and MoS2 have successfully composited. 27258173 2 21 theme straw 393:397 arg1 composite 440:448 then a TEMPO oxidized straw cellulose/molybdenum sulfide (TOSC-MoS2) composite 371:448 then a TEMPO oxidized straw cellulose/molybdenum sulfide (TOSC-MoS2) composite 371:448 In this work, straw cellulose has been oxidized through 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation, and then a TEMPO oxidized straw cellulose/molybdenum sulfide (TOSC-MoS2) composite has been synthesized via a hydrothermal method. 27258173 7 22 theme linear 1176:1181 arg1 ranges 1183:1188 wide linear ranges 1171:1188 wide linear ranges of 6.0-3140 and 3140-4200µM with a detection limit of 2.0µM 1171:1248 The amperometric response result indicates the TOSC-MoS2 modified GCE can be used to determine nitrite concentration in wide linear ranges of 6.0-3140 and 3140-4200µM with a detection limit of 2.0µM. 27258173 3 23 dep spectroscopy 525:536 arg1 analysis 574:581 analysis 574:581 analysis 574:581 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirm that TOSC and MoS2 have successfully composited. 27258173 2 24 theme oxidized 384:391 arg1 composite 440:448 then a TEMPO oxidized straw cellulose/molybdenum sulfide (TOSC-MoS2) composite 371:448 then a TEMPO oxidized straw cellulose/molybdenum sulfide (TOSC-MoS2) composite 371:448 In this work, straw cellulose has been oxidized through 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation, and then a TEMPO oxidized straw cellulose/molybdenum sulfide (TOSC-MoS2) composite has been synthesized via a hydrothermal method. 27258173 0 25 theme Electrocatalytic 0:15 arg1 determination 17:29 Electrocatalytic determination 0:29 Electrocatalytic determination of nitrite 0:40 Electrocatalytic determination of nitrite based on straw cellulose/molybdenum sulfide nanocomposite. 27258173 9 26 theme electrocatalytic 1337:1352 arg1 mechanism 1354:1362 the electrocatalytic mechanism 1333:1362 the electrocatalytic mechanism 1333:1362 Real sample analysis and the electrocatalytic mechanism have also been presented. 27258173 7 27 theme TOSC-MoS2 1098:1106 arg1 GCE 1117:1119 the TOSC-MoS2 modified GCE 1094:1119 the TOSC-MoS2 modified GCE 1094:1119 The amperometric response result indicates the TOSC-MoS2 modified GCE can be used to determine nitrite concentration in wide linear ranges of 6.0-3140 and 3140-4200µM with a detection limit of 2.0µM. 27258173 8 28 theme proposed 1255:1262 arg1 sensor 1264:1269 The proposed sensor 1251:1269 The proposed sensor 1251:1269 The proposed sensor has good anti-interference property. 27258173 0 29 theme nitrite 34:40 arg1 determination 17:29 Electrocatalytic determination 0:29 Electrocatalytic determination of nitrite 0:40 Electrocatalytic determination of nitrite based on straw cellulose/molybdenum sulfide nanocomposite. 27258173 7 30 theme response 1068:1075 arg1 result 1077:1082 The amperometric response result 1051:1082 The amperometric response result 1051:1082 The amperometric response result indicates the TOSC-MoS2 modified GCE can be used to determine nitrite concentration in wide linear ranges of 6.0-3140 and 3140-4200µM with a detection limit of 2.0µM. 27258173 4 31 theme carbon 744:749 arg1 structure 765:773 a carbon nanotube-like structure 742:773 a carbon nanotube-like structure 742:773 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show the TOSC as a carbon nanotube-like structure and edged MoS2 grows on the TOSC substrate. 27258173 4 32 theme electron 649:656 arg1 microscopy 658:667 Scanning electron microscopy 640:667 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 640:673 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show the TOSC as a carbon nanotube-like structure and edged MoS2 grows on the TOSC substrate. 27258173 4 32 theme electron 649:656 arg1 SEM 670:672 SEM 670:672 SEM 670:672 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show the TOSC as a carbon nanotube-like structure and edged MoS2 grows on the TOSC substrate. 27258173 7 33 theme wide 1171:1174 arg1 ranges 1183:1188 wide linear ranges 1171:1188 wide linear ranges of 6.0-3140 and 3140-4200µM with a detection limit of 2.0µM 1171:1248 The amperometric response result indicates the TOSC-MoS2 modified GCE can be used to determine nitrite concentration in wide linear ranges of 6.0-3140 and 3140-4200µM with a detection limit of 2.0µM. 27258173 6 34 theme CV 954:955 arg1 result 958:963 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) result 934:963 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) result 934:963 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) result shows TOSC-MoS2 has excellent electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of nitrite. 27258173 4 35 theme edged 779:783 arg1 MoS2 785:788 edged MoS2 779:788 edged MoS2 779:788 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show the TOSC as a carbon nanotube-like structure and edged MoS2 grows on the TOSC substrate. 27258173 1 36 theme abundant 123:130 arg1 Cellulose 101:109 Cellulose 101:109 Cellulose 101:109 Cellulose is the most abundant, renewable, biodegradable natural polymer resource on earth, which can be a good substrate for catalysis. 27258173 1 36 theme abundant 123:130 arg1 resource 174:181 the most abundant, renewable, biodegradable natural polymer resource 114:181 the most abundant, renewable, biodegradable natural polymer resource on earth, which can be a good substrate for catalysis 114:235 Cellulose is the most abundant, renewable, biodegradable natural polymer resource on earth, which can be a good substrate for catalysis. 27258173 2 37 theme TOSC-MoS2 429:437 arg1 composite 440:448 then a TEMPO oxidized straw cellulose/molybdenum sulfide (TOSC-MoS2) composite 371:448 then a TEMPO oxidized straw cellulose/molybdenum sulfide (TOSC-MoS2) composite 371:448 In this work, straw cellulose has been oxidized through 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation, and then a TEMPO oxidized straw cellulose/molybdenum sulfide (TOSC-MoS2) composite has been synthesized via a hydrothermal method. 27258173 7 38 theme nitrite 1146:1152 arg1 concentration 1154:1166 nitrite concentration 1146:1166 nitrite concentration 1146:1166 The amperometric response result indicates the TOSC-MoS2 modified GCE can be used to determine nitrite concentration in wide linear ranges of 6.0-3140 and 3140-4200µM with a detection limit of 2.0µM. 27258173 8 39 theme anti-interference 1280:1296 arg1 property 1298:1305 good anti-interference property 1275:1305 good anti-interference property 1275:1305 The proposed sensor has good anti-interference property. 27258173 5 40 theme glassy 842:847 arg1 sensor 926:931 a simple and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor 883:931 a simple and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor 883:931 The TOSC-MoS2 modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is used as a simple and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor. 27258173 5 40 theme glassy 842:847 arg1 GCE 867:869 GCE 867:869 GCE 867:869 The TOSC-MoS2 modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is used as a simple and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor. 27258173 5 40 theme glassy 842:847 arg1 electrode 856:864 The TOSC-MoS2 modified glassy carbon electrode 819:864 The TOSC-MoS2 modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) 819:870 The TOSC-MoS2 modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is used as a simple and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor. 27258173 1 41 theme good 208:211 arg1 earth 186:190 earth 186:190 earth 186:190 Cellulose is the most abundant, renewable, biodegradable natural polymer resource on earth, which can be a good substrate for catalysis. 27258173 1 41 theme good 208:211 arg1 substrate 213:221 a good substrate 206:221 a good substrate for catalysis 206:235 Cellulose is the most abundant, renewable, biodegradable natural polymer resource on earth, which can be a good substrate for catalysis. 27258173 2 42 theme hydrothermal 477:488 arg1 method 490:495 a hydrothermal method 475:495 a hydrothermal method 475:495 In this work, straw cellulose has been oxidized through 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation, and then a TEMPO oxidized straw cellulose/molybdenum sulfide (TOSC-MoS2) composite has been synthesized via a hydrothermal method. 27258173 6 43 theme Voltammetry 941:951 arg1 result 958:963 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) result 934:963 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) result 934:963 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) result shows TOSC-MoS2 has excellent electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of nitrite. 27258173 7 44 theme amperometric 1055:1066 arg1 result 1077:1082 The amperometric response result 1051:1082 The amperometric response result 1051:1082 The amperometric response result indicates the TOSC-MoS2 modified GCE can be used to determine nitrite concentration in wide linear ranges of 6.0-3140 and 3140-4200µM with a detection limit of 2.0µM. 27258173 7 45 with 6.0-3140 1193:1200 arg1 limit 1235:1239 a detection limit 1223:1239 a detection limit of 2.0µM 1223:1248 The amperometric response result indicates the TOSC-MoS2 modified GCE can be used to determine nitrite concentration in wide linear ranges of 6.0-3140 and 3140-4200µM with a detection limit of 2.0µM. 27258173 4 46 theme TOSC 803:806 arg1 substrate 808:816 the TOSC substrate 799:816 the TOSC substrate 799:816 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show the TOSC as a carbon nanotube-like structure and edged MoS2 grows on the TOSC substrate. 27258173 5 47 theme carbon 849:854 arg1 sensor 926:931 a simple and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor 883:931 a simple and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor 883:931 The TOSC-MoS2 modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is used as a simple and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor. 27258173 5 47 theme carbon 849:854 arg1 GCE 867:869 GCE 867:869 GCE 867:869 The TOSC-MoS2 modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is used as a simple and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor. 27258173 5 47 theme carbon 849:854 arg1 electrode 856:864 The TOSC-MoS2 modified glassy carbon electrode 819:864 The TOSC-MoS2 modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) 819:870 The TOSC-MoS2 modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is used as a simple and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor. 27258173 2 48 theme sulfide 420:426 arg1 composite 440:448 then a TEMPO oxidized straw cellulose/molybdenum sulfide (TOSC-MoS2) composite 371:448 then a TEMPO oxidized straw cellulose/molybdenum sulfide (TOSC-MoS2) composite 371:448 In this work, straw cellulose has been oxidized through 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation, and then a TEMPO oxidized straw cellulose/molybdenum sulfide (TOSC-MoS2) composite has been synthesized via a hydrothermal method. 27258173 0 49 theme cellulose/molybdenum 57:76 arg1 nanocomposite 86:98 straw cellulose/molybdenum sulfide nanocomposite 51:98 straw cellulose/molybdenum sulfide nanocomposite 51:98 Electrocatalytic determination of nitrite based on straw cellulose/molybdenum sulfide nanocomposite. 27258173 6 50 theme Cyclic 934:939 arg1 result 958:963 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) result 934:963 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) result 934:963 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) result shows TOSC-MoS2 has excellent electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of nitrite. 27258173 5 51 used used 875:878 arg2 sensor 926:931 a simple and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor 883:931 a simple and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor 883:931 The TOSC-MoS2 modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is used as a simple and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor. 27258173 5 51 used used 875:878 arg2 GCE 867:869 GCE 867:869 GCE 867:869 The TOSC-MoS2 modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is used as a simple and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor. 27258173 5 51 used used 875:878 arg2 electrode 856:864 The TOSC-MoS2 modified glassy carbon electrode 819:864 The TOSC-MoS2 modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) 819:870 The TOSC-MoS2 modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is used as a simple and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor. 27258173 5 52 theme simple 885:890 arg1 sensor 926:931 a simple and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor 883:931 a simple and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor 883:931 The TOSC-MoS2 modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is used as a simple and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor. 27258173 5 52 theme simple 885:890 arg1 electrode 856:864 The TOSC-MoS2 modified glassy carbon electrode 819:864 The TOSC-MoS2 modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) 819:870 The TOSC-MoS2 modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is used as a simple and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor. 27258173 0 53 theme straw 51:55 arg1 nanocomposite 86:98 straw cellulose/molybdenum sulfide nanocomposite 51:98 straw cellulose/molybdenum sulfide nanocomposite 51:98 Electrocatalytic determination of nitrite based on straw cellulose/molybdenum sulfide nanocomposite. 27258173 7 54 with 3140-4200µM 1206:1216 arg1 limit 1235:1239 a detection limit 1223:1239 a detection limit of 2.0µM 1223:1248 The amperometric response result indicates the TOSC-MoS2 modified GCE can be used to determine nitrite concentration in wide linear ranges of 6.0-3140 and 3140-4200µM with a detection limit of 2.0µM. 27258173 2 55 theme -mediated 346:354 arg1 oxidation 356:364 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation 294:364 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation 294:364 In this work, straw cellulose has been oxidized through 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation, and then a TEMPO oxidized straw cellulose/molybdenum sulfide (TOSC-MoS2) composite has been synthesized via a hydrothermal method. 27258173 8 56 theme good 1275:1278 arg1 property 1298:1305 good anti-interference property 1275:1305 good anti-interference property 1275:1305 The proposed sensor has good anti-interference property. 27258173 2 57 dep oxidized 384:391 arg1 TEMPO 378:382 TEMPO 378:382 TEMPO 378:382 In this work, straw cellulose has been oxidized through 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation, and then a TEMPO oxidized straw cellulose/molybdenum sulfide (TOSC-MoS2) composite has been synthesized via a hydrothermal method. 27258173 2 58 theme straw 252:256 arg1 cellulose 258:266 straw cellulose 252:266 straw cellulose 252:266 In this work, straw cellulose has been oxidized through 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation, and then a TEMPO oxidized straw cellulose/molybdenum sulfide (TOSC-MoS2) composite has been synthesized via a hydrothermal method. 27258173 4 59 theme electron 692:699 arg1 TEM 713:715 TEM 713:715 TEM 713:715 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show the TOSC as a carbon nanotube-like structure and edged MoS2 grows on the TOSC substrate. 27258173 4 59 theme electron 692:699 arg1 microscopy 701:710 transmission electron microscopy 679:710 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 679:716 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show the TOSC as a carbon nanotube-like structure and edged MoS2 grows on the TOSC substrate. 27258173 5 60 theme non-enzymatic 896:908 arg1 sensor 926:931 a simple and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor 883:931 a simple and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor 883:931 The TOSC-MoS2 modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is used as a simple and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor. 27258173 5 60 theme non-enzymatic 896:908 arg1 electrode 856:864 The TOSC-MoS2 modified glassy carbon electrode 819:864 The TOSC-MoS2 modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) 819:870 The TOSC-MoS2 modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is used as a simple and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor. 27258173 1 61 theme polymer 166:172 arg1 Cellulose 101:109 Cellulose 101:109 Cellulose 101:109 Cellulose is the most abundant, renewable, biodegradable natural polymer resource on earth, which can be a good substrate for catalysis. 27258173 1 61 theme polymer 166:172 arg1 resource 174:181 the most abundant, renewable, biodegradable natural polymer resource 114:181 the most abundant, renewable, biodegradable natural polymer resource on earth, which can be a good substrate for catalysis 114:235 Cellulose is the most abundant, renewable, biodegradable natural polymer resource on earth, which can be a good substrate for catalysis. 27258173 7 62 theme detection 1225:1233 arg1 limit 1235:1239 a detection limit 1223:1239 a detection limit of 2.0µM 1223:1248 The amperometric response result indicates the TOSC-MoS2 modified GCE can be used to determine nitrite concentration in wide linear ranges of 6.0-3140 and 3140-4200µM with a detection limit of 2.0µM. 27258173 4 63 theme microscopy 658:667 arg1 images 718:723 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images 640:723 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images 640:723 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show the TOSC as a carbon nanotube-like structure and edged MoS2 grows on the TOSC substrate. 27258173 5 64 theme TOSC-MoS2 823:831 arg1 sensor 926:931 a simple and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor 883:931 a simple and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor 883:931 The TOSC-MoS2 modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is used as a simple and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor. 27258173 5 64 theme TOSC-MoS2 823:831 arg1 GCE 867:869 GCE 867:869 GCE 867:869 The TOSC-MoS2 modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is used as a simple and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor. 27258173 5 64 theme TOSC-MoS2 823:831 arg1 electrode 856:864 The TOSC-MoS2 modified glassy carbon electrode 819:864 The TOSC-MoS2 modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) 819:870 The TOSC-MoS2 modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is used as a simple and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor. 27258173 1 65 theme natural 158:164 arg1 Cellulose 101:109 Cellulose 101:109 Cellulose 101:109 Cellulose is the most abundant, renewable, biodegradable natural polymer resource on earth, which can be a good substrate for catalysis. 27258173 1 65 theme natural 158:164 arg1 resource 174:181 the most abundant, renewable, biodegradable natural polymer resource 114:181 the most abundant, renewable, biodegradable natural polymer resource on earth, which can be a good substrate for catalysis 114:235 Cellulose is the most abundant, renewable, biodegradable natural polymer resource on earth, which can be a good substrate for catalysis. 27258173 0 66 theme sulfide 78:84 arg1 nanocomposite 86:98 straw cellulose/molybdenum sulfide nanocomposite 51:98 straw cellulose/molybdenum sulfide nanocomposite 51:98 Electrocatalytic determination of nitrite based on straw cellulose/molybdenum sulfide nanocomposite. 27258173 6 67 dep TOSC-MoS2 971:979 arg1 has 981:983 has 981:983 has excellent electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of nitrite 981:1048 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) result shows TOSC-MoS2 has excellent electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of nitrite. 27258173 1 68 dep abundant 123:130 arg1 biodegradable 144:156 biodegradable 144:156 biodegradable 144:156 Cellulose is the most abundant, renewable, biodegradable natural polymer resource on earth, which can be a good substrate for catalysis. 27258173 1 68 dep abundant 123:130 arg1 renewable 133:141 renewable 133:141 renewable 133:141 Cellulose is the most abundant, renewable, biodegradable natural polymer resource on earth, which can be a good substrate for catalysis. 27258173 6 69 theme electrocatalytic 995:1010 arg1 activity 1012:1019 excellent electrocatalytic activity 985:1019 excellent electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of nitrite 985:1048 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) result shows TOSC-MoS2 has excellent electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of nitrite. 28948779 6 0 theme Rheological 1051:1061 arg1 study 1063:1067 Rheological study 1051:1067 Rheological study 1051:1067 Rheological study has been performed to enlighten the gel strength of the composite material. 28948779 10 1 theme suitable 1818:1825 arg1 carrier 1827:1833 a suitable carrier 1816:1833 a suitable carrier for curcumin delivery toward cancer cells 1816:1875 Additionally the curcumin loaded composite hydrogel can efficiently kill the MG 63 cancer cells, which has been confirmed by apoptosis study and therefore, probably be a suitable carrier for curcumin delivery toward cancer cells. 28948779 10 2 theme cancer 1864:1869 arg1 cells 1871:1875 cancer cells 1864:1875 cancer cells 1864:1875 Additionally the curcumin loaded composite hydrogel can efficiently kill the MG 63 cancer cells, which has been confirmed by apoptosis study and therefore, probably be a suitable carrier for curcumin delivery toward cancer cells. 28948779 8 3 theme nanocomposite 1377:1389 arg1 hydrogel 1391:1398 nanocomposite hydrogel 1377:1398 nanocomposite hydrogel 1377:1398 In vitro release of curcumin suggests that in situ incorporation of AgNWs on cross-linked CMC enhanced the penetration power of nanocomposite hydrogel and released the drug in sustained way (∼62% for curcumin released in 4 days). 28948779 10 4 theme composite 1681:1689 arg1 hydrogel 1691:1698 the curcumin loaded composite hydrogel 1661:1698 the curcumin loaded composite hydrogel 1661:1698 Additionally the curcumin loaded composite hydrogel can efficiently kill the MG 63 cancer cells, which has been confirmed by apoptosis study and therefore, probably be a suitable carrier for curcumin delivery toward cancer cells. 28948779 2 5 link cross-linked 390:401 arg1 polymer 403:409 The cross-linked polymer 386:409 The cross-linked polymer 386:409 The cross-linked polymer has been prepared by grafting poly [2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl trimethylammonium chloride] on CMC using diethylene glycol dimethacrylate cross-linker. 28948779 10 6 dep kill 1716:1719 arg1 carrier 1827:1833 a suitable carrier 1816:1833 a suitable carrier for curcumin delivery toward cancer cells 1816:1875 Additionally the curcumin loaded composite hydrogel can efficiently kill the MG 63 cancer cells, which has been confirmed by apoptosis study and therefore, probably be a suitable carrier for curcumin delivery toward cancer cells. 28948779 10 7 theme MG 1725:1726 arg1 cells 1738:1742 the MG 63 cancer cells 1721:1742 the MG 63 cancer cells 1721:1742 Additionally the curcumin loaded composite hydrogel can efficiently kill the MG 63 cancer cells, which has been confirmed by apoptosis study and therefore, probably be a suitable carrier for curcumin delivery toward cancer cells. 28948779 1 8 theme formed 196:201 arg1 nanowires 210:218 in situ formed silver nanowires 188:218 in situ formed silver nanowires (AgNWs) deposited chemically cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 188:290 Recently, a novel biopolymeric nanocomposite hydrogel comprised of in situ formed silver nanowires (AgNWs) deposited chemically cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) has been developed, which demonstrates superior efficacy as anticancer drug-curcumin carrier. 28948779 1 8 theme formed 196:201 arg1 AgNWs 221:225 AgNWs 221:225 AgNWs 221:225 Recently, a novel biopolymeric nanocomposite hydrogel comprised of in situ formed silver nanowires (AgNWs) deposited chemically cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) has been developed, which demonstrates superior efficacy as anticancer drug-curcumin carrier. 28948779 6 9 theme gel 1105:1107 arg1 strength 1109:1116 the gel strength 1101:1116 the gel strength of the composite material 1101:1142 Rheological study has been performed to enlighten the gel strength of the composite material. 28948779 4 10 theme gel 835:837 arg1 strength 839:846 greater gel strength 827:846 greater gel strength 827:846 With variation in reaction conditions/parameters, several composite materials have been synthesized and depending on lower swelling/higher cross-linking and greater gel strength, an optimized grade of nanocomposite hydrogel has been selected. 28948779 7 11 theme stem 1229:1232 arg1 hMSCs 1241:1245 hMSCs 1241:1245 hMSCs 1241:1245 The synthesized nanocomposite hydrogel is biodegradable and nontoxic to mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 28948779 7 11 theme stem 1229:1232 arg1 cells 1234:1238 mesenchymal stem cells 1217:1238 mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 1217:1246 The synthesized nanocomposite hydrogel is biodegradable and nontoxic to mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 28948779 4 12 theme swelling/higher 793:807 arg1 cross-linking 809:821 lower swelling/higher cross-linking 787:821 lower swelling/higher cross-linking 787:821 With variation in reaction conditions/parameters, several composite materials have been synthesized and depending on lower swelling/higher cross-linking and greater gel strength, an optimized grade of nanocomposite hydrogel has been selected. 28948779 4 13 theme composite 728:736 arg1 materials 738:746 several composite materials 720:746 several composite materials 720:746 With variation in reaction conditions/parameters, several composite materials have been synthesized and depending on lower swelling/higher cross-linking and greater gel strength, an optimized grade of nanocomposite hydrogel has been selected. 28948779 5 14 theme developed 917:925 arg1 hydrogel 941:948 The developed nanocomposite hydrogel 913:948 The developed nanocomposite hydrogel 913:948 The developed nanocomposite hydrogel is characterized with FTIR/NMR spectra, FESEM/XRD/TGA/AFM/XPS analyses, and UV-visible spectroscopy. 28948779 7 15 theme synthesized 1149:1159 arg1 biodegradable 1187:1199 biodegradable 1187:1199 biodegradable 1187:1199 The synthesized nanocomposite hydrogel is biodegradable and nontoxic to mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 28948779 7 15 theme synthesized 1149:1159 arg1 hydrogel 1175:1182 The synthesized nanocomposite hydrogel 1145:1182 The synthesized nanocomposite hydrogel 1145:1182 The synthesized nanocomposite hydrogel is biodegradable and nontoxic to mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 28948779 10 16 theme cancer 1731:1736 arg1 cells 1738:1742 the MG 63 cancer cells 1721:1742 the MG 63 cancer cells 1721:1742 Additionally the curcumin loaded composite hydrogel can efficiently kill the MG 63 cancer cells, which has been confirmed by apoptosis study and therefore, probably be a suitable carrier for curcumin delivery toward cancer cells. 28948779 3 17 theme transdermal 651:661 arg1 drugs 663:667 both hydrophobic/hydrophilic transdermal drugs 622:667 both hydrophobic/hydrophilic transdermal drugs 622:667 The nanocomposite hydrogel has the capability to encapsulate both hydrophobic/hydrophilic transdermal drugs. 28948779 4 18 theme greater 827:833 arg1 strength 839:846 greater gel strength 827:846 greater gel strength 827:846 With variation in reaction conditions/parameters, several composite materials have been synthesized and depending on lower swelling/higher cross-linking and greater gel strength, an optimized grade of nanocomposite hydrogel has been selected. 28948779 1 19 theme novel 133:137 arg1 hydrogel 166:173 a novel biopolymeric nanocomposite hydrogel 131:173 a novel biopolymeric nanocomposite hydrogel comprised of in situ formed silver nanowires (AgNWs) deposited chemically cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 131:290 Recently, a novel biopolymeric nanocomposite hydrogel comprised of in situ formed silver nanowires (AgNWs) deposited chemically cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) has been developed, which demonstrates superior efficacy as anticancer drug-curcumin carrier. 28948779 2 20 theme glycol 525:530 arg1 cross-linker 547:558 diethylene glycol dimethacrylate cross-linker 514:558 diethylene glycol dimethacrylate cross-linker 514:558 The cross-linked polymer has been prepared by grafting poly [2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl trimethylammonium chloride] on CMC using diethylene glycol dimethacrylate cross-linker. 28948779 5 21 theme nanocomposite 927:939 arg1 hydrogel 941:948 The developed nanocomposite hydrogel 913:948 The developed nanocomposite hydrogel 913:948 The developed nanocomposite hydrogel is characterized with FTIR/NMR spectra, FESEM/XRD/TGA/AFM/XPS analyses, and UV-visible spectroscopy. 28948779 9 22 theme controlled 1628:1637 arg1 fashion 1639:1645 controlled fashion 1628:1645 controlled fashion 1628:1645 Ex vivo rat skin permeation study confirms that the drug from both the cross-linked and nanocomposite hydrogel was permeable through the rat skin in controlled fashion. 28948779 4 23 theme lower 787:791 arg1 cross-linking 809:821 lower swelling/higher cross-linking 787:821 lower swelling/higher cross-linking 787:821 With variation in reaction conditions/parameters, several composite materials have been synthesized and depending on lower swelling/higher cross-linking and greater gel strength, an optimized grade of nanocomposite hydrogel has been selected. 28948779 0 24 theme Potential 74:82 arg1 Carrier 112:118 A Potential Transdermal Anticancer Drug Carrier 72:118 In Situ Silver Nanowire Deposited Cross-Linked Carboxymethyl Cellulose: A Potential Transdermal Anticancer Drug Carrier. 0:119 In Situ Silver Nanowire Deposited Cross-Linked Carboxymethyl Cellulose: A Potential Transdermal Anticancer Drug Carrier. 28948779 1 25 theme anticancer 352:361 arg1 carrier 377:383 anticancer drug-curcumin carrier 352:383 anticancer drug-curcumin carrier 352:383 Recently, a novel biopolymeric nanocomposite hydrogel comprised of in situ formed silver nanowires (AgNWs) deposited chemically cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) has been developed, which demonstrates superior efficacy as anticancer drug-curcumin carrier. 28948779 5 26 theme UV-visible 1026:1035 arg1 spectroscopy 1037:1048 UV-visible spectroscopy 1026:1048 UV-visible spectroscopy 1026:1048 The developed nanocomposite hydrogel is characterized with FTIR/NMR spectra, FESEM/XRD/TGA/AFM/XPS analyses, and UV-visible spectroscopy. 28948779 6 27 theme composite 1125:1133 arg1 material 1135:1142 the composite material 1121:1142 the composite material 1121:1142 Rheological study has been performed to enlighten the gel strength of the composite material. 28948779 0 28 theme Anticancer 96:105 arg1 Carrier 112:118 A Potential Transdermal Anticancer Drug Carrier 72:118 In Situ Silver Nanowire Deposited Cross-Linked Carboxymethyl Cellulose: A Potential Transdermal Anticancer Drug Carrier. 0:119 In Situ Silver Nanowire Deposited Cross-Linked Carboxymethyl Cellulose: A Potential Transdermal Anticancer Drug Carrier. 28948779 4 29 theme nanocomposite 871:883 arg1 hydrogel 885:892 nanocomposite hydrogel 871:892 nanocomposite hydrogel 871:892 With variation in reaction conditions/parameters, several composite materials have been synthesized and depending on lower swelling/higher cross-linking and greater gel strength, an optimized grade of nanocomposite hydrogel has been selected. 28948779 8 30 dep released 1404:1411 arg1 % 1443:1443 ∼62% 1440:1443 ∼62% for curcumin released in 4 days 1440:1475 In vitro release of curcumin suggests that in situ incorporation of AgNWs on cross-linked CMC enhanced the penetration power of nanocomposite hydrogel and released the drug in sustained way (∼62% for curcumin released in 4 days). 28948779 2 31 theme ethyl 467:471 arg1 chloride 491:498 ethyl trimethylammonium chloride 467:498 ethyl trimethylammonium chloride 467:498 The cross-linked polymer has been prepared by grafting poly [2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl trimethylammonium chloride] on CMC using diethylene glycol dimethacrylate cross-linker. 28948779 9 32 dep Ex 1479:1480 arg1 vivo 1482:1485 vivo 1482:1485 vivo 1482:1485 Ex vivo rat skin permeation study confirms that the drug from both the cross-linked and nanocomposite hydrogel was permeable through the rat skin in controlled fashion. 28948779 0 33 theme In 0:1 arg1 Cellulose 61:69 In Situ Silver Nanowire Deposited Cross-Linked Carboxymethyl Cellulose 0:69 In Situ Silver Nanowire Deposited Cross-Linked Carboxymethyl Cellulose: A Potential Transdermal Anticancer Drug Carrier. 0:119 In Situ Silver Nanowire Deposited Cross-Linked Carboxymethyl Cellulose: A Potential Transdermal Anticancer Drug Carrier. 28948779 0 34 theme Silver 8:13 arg1 Cellulose 61:69 In Situ Silver Nanowire Deposited Cross-Linked Carboxymethyl Cellulose 0:69 In Situ Silver Nanowire Deposited Cross-Linked Carboxymethyl Cellulose: A Potential Transdermal Anticancer Drug Carrier. 0:119 In Situ Silver Nanowire Deposited Cross-Linked Carboxymethyl Cellulose: A Potential Transdermal Anticancer Drug Carrier. 28948779 10 35 theme curcumin 1839:1846 arg1 delivery 1848:1855 curcumin delivery 1839:1855 curcumin delivery toward cancer cells 1839:1875 Additionally the curcumin loaded composite hydrogel can efficiently kill the MG 63 cancer cells, which has been confirmed by apoptosis study and therefore, probably be a suitable carrier for curcumin delivery toward cancer cells. 28948779 0 36 theme Deposited 24:32 arg1 Cellulose 61:69 In Situ Silver Nanowire Deposited Cross-Linked Carboxymethyl Cellulose 0:69 In Situ Silver Nanowire Deposited Cross-Linked Carboxymethyl Cellulose: A Potential Transdermal Anticancer Drug Carrier. 0:119 In Situ Silver Nanowire Deposited Cross-Linked Carboxymethyl Cellulose: A Potential Transdermal Anticancer Drug Carrier. 28948779 0 37 theme Carboxymethyl 47:59 arg1 Cellulose 61:69 In Situ Silver Nanowire Deposited Cross-Linked Carboxymethyl Cellulose 0:69 In Situ Silver Nanowire Deposited Cross-Linked Carboxymethyl Cellulose: A Potential Transdermal Anticancer Drug Carrier. 0:119 In Situ Silver Nanowire Deposited Cross-Linked Carboxymethyl Cellulose: A Potential Transdermal Anticancer Drug Carrier. 28948779 3 38 contain has 588:590 arg1 hydrogel 579:586 The nanocomposite hydrogel 561:586 The nanocomposite hydrogel 561:586 The nanocomposite hydrogel has the capability to encapsulate both hydrophobic/hydrophilic transdermal drugs. 28948779 3 38 contain has 588:590 arg2 capability 596:605 the capability 592:605 the capability to encapsulate both hydrophobic/hydrophilic transdermal drugs 592:667 The nanocomposite hydrogel has the capability to encapsulate both hydrophobic/hydrophilic transdermal drugs. 28948779 9 39 theme skin 1491:1494 arg1 study 1507:1511 Ex vivo rat skin permeation study 1479:1511 Ex vivo rat skin permeation study 1479:1511 Ex vivo rat skin permeation study confirms that the drug from both the cross-linked and nanocomposite hydrogel was permeable through the rat skin in controlled fashion. 28948779 1 40 theme nanocomposite 152:164 arg1 hydrogel 166:173 a novel biopolymeric nanocomposite hydrogel 131:173 a novel biopolymeric nanocomposite hydrogel comprised of in situ formed silver nanowires (AgNWs) deposited chemically cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 131:290 Recently, a novel biopolymeric nanocomposite hydrogel comprised of in situ formed silver nanowires (AgNWs) deposited chemically cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) has been developed, which demonstrates superior efficacy as anticancer drug-curcumin carrier. 28948779 10 41 theme loaded 1674:1679 arg1 hydrogel 1691:1698 the curcumin loaded composite hydrogel 1661:1698 the curcumin loaded composite hydrogel 1661:1698 Additionally the curcumin loaded composite hydrogel can efficiently kill the MG 63 cancer cells, which has been confirmed by apoptosis study and therefore, probably be a suitable carrier for curcumin delivery toward cancer cells. 28948779 2 42 theme cross-linked 390:401 arg1 polymer 403:409 The cross-linked polymer 386:409 The cross-linked polymer 386:409 The cross-linked polymer has been prepared by grafting poly [2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl trimethylammonium chloride] on CMC using diethylene glycol dimethacrylate cross-linker. 28948779 0 43 dep In 0:1 arg1 Situ 3:6 Situ 3:6 Situ 3:6 In Situ Silver Nanowire Deposited Cross-Linked Carboxymethyl Cellulose: A Potential Transdermal Anticancer Drug Carrier. 28948779 4 44 from variation 675:683 arg1 conditions/parameters 697:717 reaction conditions/parameters 688:717 reaction conditions/parameters 688:717 With variation in reaction conditions/parameters, several composite materials have been synthesized and depending on lower swelling/higher cross-linking and greater gel strength, an optimized grade of nanocomposite hydrogel has been selected. 28948779 1 45 theme carboxymethyl 262:274 arg1 cellulose 276:284 chemically cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose 238:284 chemically cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 238:290 Recently, a novel biopolymeric nanocomposite hydrogel comprised of in situ formed silver nanowires (AgNWs) deposited chemically cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) has been developed, which demonstrates superior efficacy as anticancer drug-curcumin carrier. 28948779 1 45 theme carboxymethyl 262:274 arg1 CMC 287:289 CMC 287:289 CMC 287:289 Recently, a novel biopolymeric nanocomposite hydrogel comprised of in situ formed silver nanowires (AgNWs) deposited chemically cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) has been developed, which demonstrates superior efficacy as anticancer drug-curcumin carrier. 28948779 9 46 from fashion 1639:1645 arg1 drug 1531:1534 the drug 1527:1534 the drug from both the cross-linked and nanocomposite hydrogel 1527:1588 Ex vivo rat skin permeation study confirms that the drug from both the cross-linked and nanocomposite hydrogel was permeable through the rat skin in controlled fashion. 28948779 9 46 from fashion 1639:1645 arg1 permeable 1594:1602 permeable 1594:1602 permeable 1594:1602 Ex vivo rat skin permeation study confirms that the drug from both the cross-linked and nanocomposite hydrogel was permeable through the rat skin in controlled fashion. 28948779 8 47 theme in 1292:1293 arg1 incorporation 1300:1312 in situ incorporation 1292:1312 in situ incorporation of AgNWs on cross-linked CMC 1292:1341 In vitro release of curcumin suggests that in situ incorporation of AgNWs on cross-linked CMC enhanced the penetration power of nanocomposite hydrogel and released the drug in sustained way (∼62% for curcumin released in 4 days). 28948779 3 48 theme nanocomposite 565:577 arg1 hydrogel 579:586 The nanocomposite hydrogel 561:586 The nanocomposite hydrogel 561:586 The nanocomposite hydrogel has the capability to encapsulate both hydrophobic/hydrophilic transdermal drugs. 28948779 5 49 theme FTIR/NMR 972:979 arg1 spectra 981:987 FTIR/NMR spectra 972:987 FTIR/NMR spectra 972:987 The developed nanocomposite hydrogel is characterized with FTIR/NMR spectra, FESEM/XRD/TGA/AFM/XPS analyses, and UV-visible spectroscopy. 28948779 1 50 link cross-linked 249:260 arg1 cellulose 276:284 chemically cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose 238:284 chemically cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 238:290 Recently, a novel biopolymeric nanocomposite hydrogel comprised of in situ formed silver nanowires (AgNWs) deposited chemically cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) has been developed, which demonstrates superior efficacy as anticancer drug-curcumin carrier. 28948779 1 50 link cross-linked 249:260 arg1 CMC 287:289 CMC 287:289 CMC 287:289 Recently, a novel biopolymeric nanocomposite hydrogel comprised of in situ formed silver nanowires (AgNWs) deposited chemically cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) has been developed, which demonstrates superior efficacy as anticancer drug-curcumin carrier. 28948779 9 51 theme cross-linked 1550:1561 arg1 hydrogel 1581:1588 both the cross-linked and nanocomposite hydrogel 1541:1588 hydrogel 1581:1588 Ex vivo rat skin permeation study confirms that the drug from both the cross-linked and nanocomposite hydrogel was permeable through the rat skin in controlled fashion. 28948779 8 52 theme AgNWs 1317:1321 arg1 incorporation 1300:1312 in situ incorporation 1292:1312 in situ incorporation of AgNWs on cross-linked CMC 1292:1341 In vitro release of curcumin suggests that in situ incorporation of AgNWs on cross-linked CMC enhanced the penetration power of nanocomposite hydrogel and released the drug in sustained way (∼62% for curcumin released in 4 days). 28948779 8 53 theme hydrogel 1391:1398 arg1 power 1368:1372 the penetration power 1352:1372 the penetration power of nanocomposite hydrogel 1352:1398 In vitro release of curcumin suggests that in situ incorporation of AgNWs on cross-linked CMC enhanced the penetration power of nanocomposite hydrogel and released the drug in sustained way (∼62% for curcumin released in 4 days). 28948779 8 54 dep In 1249:1250 arg1 vitro 1252:1256 vitro 1252:1256 vitro 1252:1256 In vitro release of curcumin suggests that in situ incorporation of AgNWs on cross-linked CMC enhanced the penetration power of nanocomposite hydrogel and released the drug in sustained way (∼62% for curcumin released in 4 days). 28948779 7 55 theme mesenchymal 1217:1227 arg1 hMSCs 1241:1245 hMSCs 1241:1245 hMSCs 1241:1245 The synthesized nanocomposite hydrogel is biodegradable and nontoxic to mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 28948779 7 55 theme mesenchymal 1217:1227 arg1 cells 1234:1238 mesenchymal stem cells 1217:1238 mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 1217:1246 The synthesized nanocomposite hydrogel is biodegradable and nontoxic to mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 28948779 1 56 theme silver 203:208 arg1 nanowires 210:218 in situ formed silver nanowires 188:218 in situ formed silver nanowires (AgNWs) deposited chemically cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 188:290 Recently, a novel biopolymeric nanocomposite hydrogel comprised of in situ formed silver nanowires (AgNWs) deposited chemically cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) has been developed, which demonstrates superior efficacy as anticancer drug-curcumin carrier. 28948779 1 56 theme silver 203:208 arg1 AgNWs 221:225 AgNWs 221:225 AgNWs 221:225 Recently, a novel biopolymeric nanocomposite hydrogel comprised of in situ formed silver nanowires (AgNWs) deposited chemically cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) has been developed, which demonstrates superior efficacy as anticancer drug-curcumin carrier. 28948779 8 57 theme cross-linked 1326:1337 arg1 CMC 1339:1341 cross-linked CMC 1326:1341 cross-linked CMC 1326:1341 In vitro release of curcumin suggests that in situ incorporation of AgNWs on cross-linked CMC enhanced the penetration power of nanocomposite hydrogel and released the drug in sustained way (∼62% for curcumin released in 4 days). 28948779 5 58 theme FESEM/XRD/TGA/AFM/XPS 990:1010 arg1 analyses 1012:1019 FESEM/XRD/TGA/AFM/XPS analyses 990:1019 FESEM/XRD/TGA/AFM/XPS analyses 990:1019 The developed nanocomposite hydrogel is characterized with FTIR/NMR spectra, FESEM/XRD/TGA/AFM/XPS analyses, and UV-visible spectroscopy. 28948779 1 59 theme superior 331:338 arg1 efficacy 340:347 superior efficacy 331:347 superior efficacy 331:347 Recently, a novel biopolymeric nanocomposite hydrogel comprised of in situ formed silver nanowires (AgNWs) deposited chemically cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) has been developed, which demonstrates superior efficacy as anticancer drug-curcumin carrier. 28948779 3 60 theme hydrophobic/hydrophilic 627:649 arg1 drugs 663:667 both hydrophobic/hydrophilic transdermal drugs 622:667 both hydrophobic/hydrophilic transdermal drugs 622:667 The nanocomposite hydrogel has the capability to encapsulate both hydrophobic/hydrophilic transdermal drugs. 28948779 7 61 theme nanocomposite 1161:1173 arg1 biodegradable 1187:1199 biodegradable 1187:1199 biodegradable 1187:1199 The synthesized nanocomposite hydrogel is biodegradable and nontoxic to mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 28948779 7 61 theme nanocomposite 1161:1173 arg1 hydrogel 1175:1182 The synthesized nanocomposite hydrogel 1145:1182 The synthesized nanocomposite hydrogel 1145:1182 The synthesized nanocomposite hydrogel is biodegradable and nontoxic to mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 28948779 8 62 theme penetration 1356:1366 arg1 power 1368:1372 the penetration power 1352:1372 the penetration power of nanocomposite hydrogel 1352:1398 In vitro release of curcumin suggests that in situ incorporation of AgNWs on cross-linked CMC enhanced the penetration power of nanocomposite hydrogel and released the drug in sustained way (∼62% for curcumin released in 4 days). 28948779 8 63 theme sustained 1425:1433 arg1 way 1435:1437 sustained way 1425:1437 sustained way 1425:1437 In vitro release of curcumin suggests that in situ incorporation of AgNWs on cross-linked CMC enhanced the penetration power of nanocomposite hydrogel and released the drug in sustained way (∼62% for curcumin released in 4 days). 28948779 10 64 dep loaded 1674:1679 arg1 curcumin 1665:1672 curcumin 1665:1672 curcumin 1665:1672 Additionally the curcumin loaded composite hydrogel can efficiently kill the MG 63 cancer cells, which has been confirmed by apoptosis study and therefore, probably be a suitable carrier for curcumin delivery toward cancer cells. 28948779 9 65 theme rat 1616:1618 arg1 skin 1620:1623 the rat skin 1612:1623 the rat skin 1612:1623 Ex vivo rat skin permeation study confirms that the drug from both the cross-linked and nanocomposite hydrogel was permeable through the rat skin in controlled fashion. 28948779 9 66 theme nanocomposite 1567:1579 arg1 hydrogel 1581:1588 both the cross-linked and nanocomposite hydrogel 1541:1588 hydrogel 1581:1588 Ex vivo rat skin permeation study confirms that the drug from both the cross-linked and nanocomposite hydrogel was permeable through the rat skin in controlled fashion. 28948779 1 67 theme biopolymeric 139:150 arg1 hydrogel 166:173 a novel biopolymeric nanocomposite hydrogel 131:173 a novel biopolymeric nanocomposite hydrogel comprised of in situ formed silver nanowires (AgNWs) deposited chemically cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 131:290 Recently, a novel biopolymeric nanocomposite hydrogel comprised of in situ formed silver nanowires (AgNWs) deposited chemically cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) has been developed, which demonstrates superior efficacy as anticancer drug-curcumin carrier. 28948779 2 68 theme diethylene 514:523 arg1 cross-linker 547:558 diethylene glycol dimethacrylate cross-linker 514:558 diethylene glycol dimethacrylate cross-linker 514:558 The cross-linked polymer has been prepared by grafting poly [2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl trimethylammonium chloride] on CMC using diethylene glycol dimethacrylate cross-linker. 28948779 0 69 theme Transdermal 84:94 arg1 Carrier 112:118 A Potential Transdermal Anticancer Drug Carrier 72:118 In Situ Silver Nanowire Deposited Cross-Linked Carboxymethyl Cellulose: A Potential Transdermal Anticancer Drug Carrier. 0:119 In Situ Silver Nanowire Deposited Cross-Linked Carboxymethyl Cellulose: A Potential Transdermal Anticancer Drug Carrier. 28948779 6 70 theme material 1135:1142 arg1 strength 1109:1116 the gel strength 1101:1116 the gel strength of the composite material 1101:1142 Rheological study has been performed to enlighten the gel strength of the composite material. 28948779 0 71 theme Drug 107:110 arg1 Carrier 112:118 A Potential Transdermal Anticancer Drug Carrier 72:118 In Situ Silver Nanowire Deposited Cross-Linked Carboxymethyl Cellulose: A Potential Transdermal Anticancer Drug Carrier. 0:119 In Situ Silver Nanowire Deposited Cross-Linked Carboxymethyl Cellulose: A Potential Transdermal Anticancer Drug Carrier. 28948779 1 72 theme drug-curcumin 363:375 arg1 carrier 377:383 anticancer drug-curcumin carrier 352:383 anticancer drug-curcumin carrier 352:383 Recently, a novel biopolymeric nanocomposite hydrogel comprised of in situ formed silver nanowires (AgNWs) deposited chemically cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) has been developed, which demonstrates superior efficacy as anticancer drug-curcumin carrier. 28948779 8 73 link cross-linked 1326:1337 arg1 CMC 1339:1341 cross-linked CMC 1326:1341 cross-linked CMC 1326:1341 In vitro release of curcumin suggests that in situ incorporation of AgNWs on cross-linked CMC enhanced the penetration power of nanocomposite hydrogel and released the drug in sustained way (∼62% for curcumin released in 4 days). 28948779 8 74 dep in 1292:1293 arg1 situ 1295:1298 situ 1295:1298 situ 1295:1298 In vitro release of curcumin suggests that in situ incorporation of AgNWs on cross-linked CMC enhanced the penetration power of nanocomposite hydrogel and released the drug in sustained way (∼62% for curcumin released in 4 days). 28948779 4 75 theme optimized 852:860 arg1 grade 862:866 an optimized grade 849:866 an optimized grade of nanocomposite hydrogel 849:892 With variation in reaction conditions/parameters, several composite materials have been synthesized and depending on lower swelling/higher cross-linking and greater gel strength, an optimized grade of nanocomposite hydrogel has been selected. 28948779 9 76 link cross-linked 1550:1561 arg1 hydrogel 1581:1588 both the cross-linked and nanocomposite hydrogel 1541:1588 hydrogel 1581:1588 Ex vivo rat skin permeation study confirms that the drug from both the cross-linked and nanocomposite hydrogel was permeable through the rat skin in controlled fashion. 28948779 2 77 theme dimethacrylate 532:545 arg1 cross-linker 547:558 diethylene glycol dimethacrylate cross-linker 514:558 diethylene glycol dimethacrylate cross-linker 514:558 The cross-linked polymer has been prepared by grafting poly [2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl trimethylammonium chloride] on CMC using diethylene glycol dimethacrylate cross-linker. 28948779 2 78 dep methacryloyloxy 450:464 arg1 chloride 491:498 ethyl trimethylammonium chloride 467:498 ethyl trimethylammonium chloride 467:498 The cross-linked polymer has been prepared by grafting poly [2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl trimethylammonium chloride] on CMC using diethylene glycol dimethacrylate cross-linker. 28948779 0 79 theme Nanowire 15:22 arg1 Cellulose 61:69 In Situ Silver Nanowire Deposited Cross-Linked Carboxymethyl Cellulose 0:69 In Situ Silver Nanowire Deposited Cross-Linked Carboxymethyl Cellulose: A Potential Transdermal Anticancer Drug Carrier. 0:119 In Situ Silver Nanowire Deposited Cross-Linked Carboxymethyl Cellulose: A Potential Transdermal Anticancer Drug Carrier. 28948779 2 80 theme poly 441:444 arg1 methacryloyloxy 450:464 methacryloyloxy 450:464 methacryloyloxy 450:464 The cross-linked polymer has been prepared by grafting poly [2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl trimethylammonium chloride] on CMC using diethylene glycol dimethacrylate cross-linker. 28948779 2 80 theme poly 441:444 arg1 [2- 446:448 poly [2- 441:448 poly [2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl trimethylammonium chloride] 441:499 The cross-linked polymer has been prepared by grafting poly [2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl trimethylammonium chloride] on CMC using diethylene glycol dimethacrylate cross-linker. 28948779 0 81 theme Cross-Linked 34:45 arg1 Cellulose 61:69 In Situ Silver Nanowire Deposited Cross-Linked Carboxymethyl Cellulose 0:69 In Situ Silver Nanowire Deposited Cross-Linked Carboxymethyl Cellulose: A Potential Transdermal Anticancer Drug Carrier. 0:119 In Situ Silver Nanowire Deposited Cross-Linked Carboxymethyl Cellulose: A Potential Transdermal Anticancer Drug Carrier. 28948779 0 82 dep Cellulose 61:69 arg1 Carrier 112:118 A Potential Transdermal Anticancer Drug Carrier 72:118 In Situ Silver Nanowire Deposited Cross-Linked Carboxymethyl Cellulose: A Potential Transdermal Anticancer Drug Carrier. 0:119 In Situ Silver Nanowire Deposited Cross-Linked Carboxymethyl Cellulose: A Potential Transdermal Anticancer Drug Carrier. 28948779 10 83 theme apoptosis 1773:1781 arg1 study 1783:1787 apoptosis study 1773:1787 apoptosis study 1773:1787 Additionally the curcumin loaded composite hydrogel can efficiently kill the MG 63 cancer cells, which has been confirmed by apoptosis study and therefore, probably be a suitable carrier for curcumin delivery toward cancer cells. 28948779 9 84 theme Ex 1479:1480 arg1 study 1507:1511 Ex vivo rat skin permeation study 1479:1511 Ex vivo rat skin permeation study 1479:1511 Ex vivo rat skin permeation study confirms that the drug from both the cross-linked and nanocomposite hydrogel was permeable through the rat skin in controlled fashion. 28948779 8 85 theme In 1249:1250 arg1 release 1258:1264 In vitro release 1249:1264 In vitro release of curcumin 1249:1276 In vitro release of curcumin suggests that in situ incorporation of AgNWs on cross-linked CMC enhanced the penetration power of nanocomposite hydrogel and released the drug in sustained way (∼62% for curcumin released in 4 days). 28948779 9 86 from permeable 1594:1602 arg1 fashion 1639:1645 controlled fashion 1628:1645 controlled fashion 1628:1645 Ex vivo rat skin permeation study confirms that the drug from both the cross-linked and nanocomposite hydrogel was permeable through the rat skin in controlled fashion. 28948779 2 87 theme trimethylammonium 473:489 arg1 chloride 491:498 ethyl trimethylammonium chloride 467:498 ethyl trimethylammonium chloride 467:498 The cross-linked polymer has been prepared by grafting poly [2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl trimethylammonium chloride] on CMC using diethylene glycol dimethacrylate cross-linker. 28948779 9 88 theme rat 1487:1489 arg1 study 1507:1511 Ex vivo rat skin permeation study 1479:1511 Ex vivo rat skin permeation study 1479:1511 Ex vivo rat skin permeation study confirms that the drug from both the cross-linked and nanocomposite hydrogel was permeable through the rat skin in controlled fashion. 28948779 8 89 from incorporation 1300:1312 arg1 CMC 1339:1341 cross-linked CMC 1326:1341 cross-linked CMC 1326:1341 In vitro release of curcumin suggests that in situ incorporation of AgNWs on cross-linked CMC enhanced the penetration power of nanocomposite hydrogel and released the drug in sustained way (∼62% for curcumin released in 4 days). 28948779 9 90 from hydrogel 1581:1588 arg1 drug 1531:1534 the drug 1527:1534 the drug from both the cross-linked and nanocomposite hydrogel 1527:1588 Ex vivo rat skin permeation study confirms that the drug from both the cross-linked and nanocomposite hydrogel was permeable through the rat skin in controlled fashion. 28948779 9 90 from hydrogel 1581:1588 arg1 permeable 1594:1602 permeable 1594:1602 permeable 1594:1602 Ex vivo rat skin permeation study confirms that the drug from both the cross-linked and nanocomposite hydrogel was permeable through the rat skin in controlled fashion. 28948779 4 91 theme hydrogel 885:892 arg1 grade 862:866 an optimized grade 849:866 an optimized grade of nanocomposite hydrogel 849:892 With variation in reaction conditions/parameters, several composite materials have been synthesized and depending on lower swelling/higher cross-linking and greater gel strength, an optimized grade of nanocomposite hydrogel has been selected. 28948779 9 92 theme permeation 1496:1505 arg1 study 1507:1511 Ex vivo rat skin permeation study 1479:1511 Ex vivo rat skin permeation study 1479:1511 Ex vivo rat skin permeation study confirms that the drug from both the cross-linked and nanocomposite hydrogel was permeable through the rat skin in controlled fashion. 28948779 8 93 theme curcumin 1269:1276 arg1 release 1258:1264 In vitro release 1249:1264 In vitro release of curcumin 1249:1276 In vitro release of curcumin suggests that in situ incorporation of AgNWs on cross-linked CMC enhanced the penetration power of nanocomposite hydrogel and released the drug in sustained way (∼62% for curcumin released in 4 days). 28948779 4 94 theme several 720:726 arg1 materials 738:746 several composite materials 720:746 several composite materials 720:746 With variation in reaction conditions/parameters, several composite materials have been synthesized and depending on lower swelling/higher cross-linking and greater gel strength, an optimized grade of nanocomposite hydrogel has been selected. 28948779 4 95 theme reaction 688:695 arg1 conditions/parameters 697:717 reaction conditions/parameters 688:717 reaction conditions/parameters 688:717 With variation in reaction conditions/parameters, several composite materials have been synthesized and depending on lower swelling/higher cross-linking and greater gel strength, an optimized grade of nanocomposite hydrogel has been selected. 28948779 9 96 dep hydrogel 1581:1588 arg1 both 1541:1544 both 1541:1544 both 1541:1544 Ex vivo rat skin permeation study confirms that the drug from both the cross-linked and nanocomposite hydrogel was permeable through the rat skin in controlled fashion. 28948779 1 97 theme cross-linked 249:260 arg1 cellulose 276:284 chemically cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose 238:284 chemically cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 238:290 Recently, a novel biopolymeric nanocomposite hydrogel comprised of in situ formed silver nanowires (AgNWs) deposited chemically cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) has been developed, which demonstrates superior efficacy as anticancer drug-curcumin carrier. 28948779 1 97 theme cross-linked 249:260 arg1 CMC 287:289 CMC 287:289 CMC 287:289 Recently, a novel biopolymeric nanocomposite hydrogel comprised of in situ formed silver nanowires (AgNWs) deposited chemically cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) has been developed, which demonstrates superior efficacy as anticancer drug-curcumin carrier. 26478325 4 0 theme GIC 899:901 arg1 matrix 903:908 the GIC matrix 895:908 the GIC matrix 895:908 The incorporation of CmF in the GIC matrix did not greatly improve the mechanical properties of GIC. 26478325 5 1 theme tensile 1227:1233 arg1 strength 1235:1242 diametral tensile strength 1217:1242 diametral tensile strength 1217:1242 However, the addition of a small amount of CNC in the GIC led to significant improvements in all of the mechanical properties evaluated: compressive strength (increased up to 110% compared with the control group), elastic modulus increased by 161%, diametral tensile strength increased by 53%, and the mass loss decreased from 10.95 to 3.87%. 26478325 1 2 theme cement 285:290 arg1 properties 237:246 the mechanical properties 222:246 the mechanical properties of a commercial dental glass ionomer cement (GIC) 222:296 The aim of this work was to evaluate if the addition of cellulose microfibers (CmF) or cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) would improve the mechanical properties of a commercial dental glass ionomer cement (GIC). 26478325 5 3 theme mechanical 1072:1081 arg1 properties 1083:1092 the mechanical properties 1068:1092 the mechanical properties evaluated 1068:1102 However, the addition of a small amount of CNC in the GIC led to significant improvements in all of the mechanical properties evaluated: compressive strength (increased up to 110% compared with the control group), elastic modulus increased by 161%, diametral tensile strength increased by 53%, and the mass loss decreased from 10.95 to 3.87%. 26478325 5 4 from improvements 1045:1056 arg1 all 1061:1063 all 1061:1063 all 1061:1063 However, the addition of a small amount of CNC in the GIC led to significant improvements in all of the mechanical properties evaluated: compressive strength (increased up to 110% compared with the control group), elastic modulus increased by 161%, diametral tensile strength increased by 53%, and the mass loss decreased from 10.95 to 3.87%. 26478325 5 4 from improvements 1045:1056 arg1 properties 1083:1092 the mechanical properties 1068:1092 the mechanical properties evaluated 1068:1102 However, the addition of a small amount of CNC in the GIC led to significant improvements in all of the mechanical properties evaluated: compressive strength (increased up to 110% compared with the control group), elastic modulus increased by 161%, diametral tensile strength increased by 53%, and the mass loss decreased from 10.95 to 3.87%. 26478325 5 5 theme mass 1270:1273 arg1 loss 1275:1278 the mass loss 1266:1278 the mass loss 1266:1278 However, the addition of a small amount of CNC in the GIC led to significant improvements in all of the mechanical properties evaluated: compressive strength (increased up to 110% compared with the control group), elastic modulus increased by 161%, diametral tensile strength increased by 53%, and the mass loss decreased from 10.95 to 3.87%. 26478325 3 6 theme various 452:458 arg1 concentrations 460:473 various concentrations 452:473 various concentrations of CmF or CNC 452:487 Test specimens with various concentrations of CmF or CNC in their total masses were fabricated and submitted to mechanical tests (to evaluate their compressive and diametral tensile strength,modulus, surface microhardness and wear resistance) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26478325 4 7 from incorporation 871:883 arg1 matrix 903:908 the GIC matrix 895:908 the GIC matrix 895:908 The incorporation of CmF in the GIC matrix did not greatly improve the mechanical properties of GIC. 26478325 6 8 with modification 1398:1409 arg1 CNC 1440:1442 CNC 1440:1442 CNC 1440:1442 Because the composites presented a considerable increase in mechanical properties, the modification of the conventional GIC with CNC can represent a new and promising dental restorative material. 26478325 6 9 theme dental 1478:1483 arg1 material 1497:1504 a new and promising dental restorative material 1458:1504 a new and promising dental restorative material 1458:1504 Because the composites presented a considerable increase in mechanical properties, the modification of the conventional GIC with CNC can represent a new and promising dental restorative material. 26478325 3 10 theme CNC 485:487 arg1 concentrations 460:473 various concentrations 452:473 various concentrations of CmF or CNC 452:487 Test specimens with various concentrations of CmF or CNC in their total masses were fabricated and submitted to mechanical tests (to evaluate their compressive and diametral tensile strength,modulus, surface microhardness and wear resistance) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26478325 1 11 theme mechanical 226:235 arg1 properties 237:246 the mechanical properties 222:246 the mechanical properties of a commercial dental glass ionomer cement (GIC) 222:296 The aim of this work was to evaluate if the addition of cellulose microfibers (CmF) or cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) would improve the mechanical properties of a commercial dental glass ionomer cement (GIC). 26478325 6 12 theme mechanical 1371:1380 arg1 properties 1382:1391 mechanical properties 1371:1391 mechanical properties 1371:1391 Because the composites presented a considerable increase in mechanical properties, the modification of the conventional GIC with CNC can represent a new and promising dental restorative material. 26478325 6 13 theme promising 1468:1476 arg1 material 1497:1504 a new and promising dental restorative material 1458:1504 a new and promising dental restorative material 1458:1504 Because the composites presented a considerable increase in mechanical properties, the modification of the conventional GIC with CNC can represent a new and promising dental restorative material. 26478325 1 14 theme work 108:111 arg1 aim 96:98 The aim 92:98 The aim of this work 92:111 The aim of this work was to evaluate if the addition of cellulose microfibers (CmF) or cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) would improve the mechanical properties of a commercial dental glass ionomer cement (GIC). 26478325 3 15 theme CmF 478:480 arg1 concentrations 460:473 various concentrations 452:473 various concentrations of CmF or CNC 452:487 Test specimens with various concentrations of CmF or CNC in their total masses were fabricated and submitted to mechanical tests (to evaluate their compressive and diametral tensile strength,modulus, surface microhardness and wear resistance) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26478325 1 16 theme cellulose 148:156 arg1 CmF 171:173 CmF 171:173 CmF 171:173 The aim of this work was to evaluate if the addition of cellulose microfibers (CmF) or cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) would improve the mechanical properties of a commercial dental glass ionomer cement (GIC). 26478325 1 16 theme cellulose 148:156 arg1 microfibers 158:168 cellulose microfibers 148:168 cellulose microfibers (CmF) 148:174 The aim of this work was to evaluate if the addition of cellulose microfibers (CmF) or cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) would improve the mechanical properties of a commercial dental glass ionomer cement (GIC). 26478325 5 17 theme amount 1001:1006 arg1 addition 981:988 the addition 977:988 the addition of a small amount of CNC in the GIC 977:1024 However, the addition of a small amount of CNC in the GIC led to significant improvements in all of the mechanical properties evaluated: compressive strength (increased up to 110% compared with the control group), elastic modulus increased by 161%, diametral tensile strength increased by 53%, and the mass loss decreased from 10.95 to 3.87%. 26478325 5 18 dep 110 1143:1145 arg1 to 1140:1141 to 1140:1141 to 1140:1141 However, the addition of a small amount of CNC in the GIC led to significant improvements in all of the mechanical properties evaluated: compressive strength (increased up to 110% compared with the control group), elastic modulus increased by 161%, diametral tensile strength increased by 53%, and the mass loss decreased from 10.95 to 3.87%. 26478325 0 19 theme Dental 0:5 arg1 cement 21:26 Dental glass ionomer cement 0:26 Dental glass ionomer cement 0:26 Dental glass ionomer cement reinforced by cellulose microfibers and cellulose nanocrystals. 26478325 3 20 theme Test 432:435 arg1 specimens 437:445 Test specimens 432:445 Test specimens with various concentrations of CmF or CNC in their total masses 432:509 Test specimens with various concentrations of CmF or CNC in their total masses were fabricated and submitted to mechanical tests (to evaluate their compressive and diametral tensile strength,modulus, surface microhardness and wear resistance) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26478325 1 21 theme microfibers 158:168 arg1 addition 136:143 the addition 132:143 the addition of cellulose microfibers (CmF) or cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) 132:206 The aim of this work was to evaluate if the addition of cellulose microfibers (CmF) or cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) would improve the mechanical properties of a commercial dental glass ionomer cement (GIC). 26478325 0 22 theme glass 7:11 arg1 cement 21:26 Dental glass ionomer cement 0:26 Dental glass ionomer cement 0:26 Dental glass ionomer cement reinforced by cellulose microfibers and cellulose nanocrystals. 26478325 3 23 theme wear 658:661 arg1 resistance 663:672 wear resistance 658:672 wear resistance 658:672 Test specimens with various concentrations of CmF or CNC in their total masses were fabricated and submitted to mechanical tests (to evaluate their compressive and diametral tensile strength,modulus, surface microhardness and wear resistance) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26478325 5 24 theme significant 1033:1043 arg1 improvements 1045:1056 significant improvements 1033:1056 significant improvements in all of the mechanical properties evaluated 1033:1102 However, the addition of a small amount of CNC in the GIC led to significant improvements in all of the mechanical properties evaluated: compressive strength (increased up to 110% compared with the control group), elastic modulus increased by 161%, diametral tensile strength increased by 53%, and the mass loss decreased from 10.95 to 3.87%. 26478325 5 25 theme small 995:999 arg1 amount 1001:1006 a small amount 993:1006 a small amount of CNC in the GIC 993:1024 However, the addition of a small amount of CNC in the GIC led to significant improvements in all of the mechanical properties evaluated: compressive strength (increased up to 110% compared with the control group), elastic modulus increased by 161%, diametral tensile strength increased by 53%, and the mass loss decreased from 10.95 to 3.87%. 26478325 5 25 theme small 995:999 arg1 CNC 1011:1013 CNC 1011:1013 CNC in the GIC 1011:1024 However, the addition of a small amount of CNC in the GIC led to significant improvements in all of the mechanical properties evaluated: compressive strength (increased up to 110% compared with the control group), elastic modulus increased by 161%, diametral tensile strength increased by 53%, and the mass loss decreased from 10.95 to 3.87%. 26478325 2 26 theme GIC 389:391 arg1 matrix 393:398 the GIC matrix 385:398 the GIC matrix 385:398 Different amounts of CmF and CNC were previously prepared and then added to reinforce the GIC matrix while it was being manipulated. 26478325 3 27 with specimens 437:445 arg1 concentrations 460:473 various concentrations 452:473 various concentrations of CmF or CNC 452:487 Test specimens with various concentrations of CmF or CNC in their total masses were fabricated and submitted to mechanical tests (to evaluate their compressive and diametral tensile strength,modulus, surface microhardness and wear resistance) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26478325 2 28 theme CNC 328:330 arg1 CNC 328:330 CNC 328:330 CNC 328:330 Different amounts of CmF and CNC were previously prepared and then added to reinforce the GIC matrix while it was being manipulated. 26478325 2 28 theme CNC 328:330 arg1 CmF 320:322 CmF 320:322 CmF 320:322 Different amounts of CmF and CNC were previously prepared and then added to reinforce the GIC matrix while it was being manipulated. 26478325 2 28 theme CNC 328:330 arg1 amounts 309:315 Different amounts 299:315 Different amounts of CmF and CNC 299:330 Different amounts of CmF and CNC were previously prepared and then added to reinforce the GIC matrix while it was being manipulated. 26478325 3 29 theme scanning 696:703 arg1 microscopy 714:723 scanning electron microscopy 696:723 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 696:729 Test specimens with various concentrations of CmF or CNC in their total masses were fabricated and submitted to mechanical tests (to evaluate their compressive and diametral tensile strength,modulus, surface microhardness and wear resistance) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26478325 3 29 theme scanning 696:703 arg1 SEM 726:728 SEM 726:728 SEM 726:728 Test specimens with various concentrations of CmF or CNC in their total masses were fabricated and submitted to mechanical tests (to evaluate their compressive and diametral tensile strength,modulus, surface microhardness and wear resistance) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26478325 5 30 dep strength 1117:1124 arg1 increased 1127:1135 increased 1127:1135 increased up to 110% compared with the control group 1127:1178 However, the addition of a small amount of CNC in the GIC led to significant improvements in all of the mechanical properties evaluated: compressive strength (increased up to 110% compared with the control group), elastic modulus increased by 161%, diametral tensile strength increased by 53%, and the mass loss decreased from 10.95 to 3.87%. 26478325 3 31 from specimens 437:445 arg1 masses 504:509 their total masses 492:509 their total masses 492:509 Test specimens with various concentrations of CmF or CNC in their total masses were fabricated and submitted to mechanical tests (to evaluate their compressive and diametral tensile strength,modulus, surface microhardness and wear resistance) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26478325 6 32 from increase 1359:1366 arg1 properties 1382:1391 mechanical properties 1371:1391 mechanical properties 1371:1391 Because the composites presented a considerable increase in mechanical properties, the modification of the conventional GIC with CNC can represent a new and promising dental restorative material. 26478325 6 33 theme restorative 1485:1495 arg1 material 1497:1504 a new and promising dental restorative material 1458:1504 a new and promising dental restorative material 1458:1504 Because the composites presented a considerable increase in mechanical properties, the modification of the conventional GIC with CNC can represent a new and promising dental restorative material. 26478325 5 34 dep increased 1127:1135 arg1 compared 1148:1155 compared 1148:1155 compared with the control group 1148:1178 However, the addition of a small amount of CNC in the GIC led to significant improvements in all of the mechanical properties evaluated: compressive strength (increased up to 110% compared with the control group), elastic modulus increased by 161%, diametral tensile strength increased by 53%, and the mass loss decreased from 10.95 to 3.87%. 26478325 0 35 theme ionomer 13:19 arg1 cement 21:26 Dental glass ionomer cement 0:26 Dental glass ionomer cement 0:26 Dental glass ionomer cement reinforced by cellulose microfibers and cellulose nanocrystals. 26478325 1 36 theme commercial 253:262 arg1 GIC 293:295 GIC 293:295 GIC 293:295 The aim of this work was to evaluate if the addition of cellulose microfibers (CmF) or cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) would improve the mechanical properties of a commercial dental glass ionomer cement (GIC). 26478325 1 36 theme commercial 253:262 arg1 cement 285:290 a commercial dental glass ionomer cement 251:290 a commercial dental glass ionomer cement (GIC) 251:296 The aim of this work was to evaluate if the addition of cellulose microfibers (CmF) or cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) would improve the mechanical properties of a commercial dental glass ionomer cement (GIC). 26478325 6 37 theme GIC 1431:1433 arg1 modification 1398:1409 the modification 1394:1409 the modification of the conventional GIC with CNC 1394:1442 Because the composites presented a considerable increase in mechanical properties, the modification of the conventional GIC with CNC can represent a new and promising dental restorative material. 26478325 3 38 theme compressive 580:590 arg1 strength 614:621 their compressive and diametral tensile strength 574:621 their compressive and diametral tensile strength 574:621 Test specimens with various concentrations of CmF or CNC in their total masses were fabricated and submitted to mechanical tests (to evaluate their compressive and diametral tensile strength,modulus, surface microhardness and wear resistance) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26478325 3 39 theme total 498:502 arg1 masses 504:509 their total masses 492:509 their total masses 492:509 Test specimens with various concentrations of CmF or CNC in their total masses were fabricated and submitted to mechanical tests (to evaluate their compressive and diametral tensile strength,modulus, surface microhardness and wear resistance) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26478325 3 40 dep tests 555:559 arg1 evaluate 565:572 evaluate 565:572 to evaluate their compressive and diametral tensile strength,modulus, surface microhardness and wear resistance 562:672 Test specimens with various concentrations of CmF or CNC in their total masses were fabricated and submitted to mechanical tests (to evaluate their compressive and diametral tensile strength,modulus, surface microhardness and wear resistance) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26478325 5 41 dep 3.87 1304:1307 arg1 to 1301:1302 to 1301:1302 to 1301:1302 However, the addition of a small amount of CNC in the GIC led to significant improvements in all of the mechanical properties evaluated: compressive strength (increased up to 110% compared with the control group), elastic modulus increased by 161%, diametral tensile strength increased by 53%, and the mass loss decreased from 10.95 to 3.87%. 26478325 1 42 theme dental 264:269 arg1 GIC 293:295 GIC 293:295 GIC 293:295 The aim of this work was to evaluate if the addition of cellulose microfibers (CmF) or cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) would improve the mechanical properties of a commercial dental glass ionomer cement (GIC). 26478325 1 42 theme dental 264:269 arg1 cement 285:290 a commercial dental glass ionomer cement 251:290 a commercial dental glass ionomer cement (GIC) 251:296 The aim of this work was to evaluate if the addition of cellulose microfibers (CmF) or cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) would improve the mechanical properties of a commercial dental glass ionomer cement (GIC). 26478325 5 43 from amount 1001:1006 arg1 GIC 1022:1024 the GIC 1018:1024 the GIC 1018:1024 However, the addition of a small amount of CNC in the GIC led to significant improvements in all of the mechanical properties evaluated: compressive strength (increased up to 110% compared with the control group), elastic modulus increased by 161%, diametral tensile strength increased by 53%, and the mass loss decreased from 10.95 to 3.87%. 26478325 5 44 theme compressive 1105:1115 arg1 strength 1117:1124 compressive strength 1105:1124 compressive strength (increased up to 110% compared with the control group) 1105:1179 However, the addition of a small amount of CNC in the GIC led to significant improvements in all of the mechanical properties evaluated: compressive strength (increased up to 110% compared with the control group), elastic modulus increased by 161%, diametral tensile strength increased by 53%, and the mass loss decreased from 10.95 to 3.87%. 26478325 5 44 theme compressive 1105:1115 arg1 modulus 1190:1196 elastic modulus 1182:1196 elastic modulus 1182:1196 However, the addition of a small amount of CNC in the GIC led to significant improvements in all of the mechanical properties evaluated: compressive strength (increased up to 110% compared with the control group), elastic modulus increased by 161%, diametral tensile strength increased by 53%, and the mass loss decreased from 10.95 to 3.87%. 26478325 5 45 theme elastic 1182:1188 arg1 strength 1117:1124 compressive strength 1105:1124 compressive strength (increased up to 110% compared with the control group) 1105:1179 However, the addition of a small amount of CNC in the GIC led to significant improvements in all of the mechanical properties evaluated: compressive strength (increased up to 110% compared with the control group), elastic modulus increased by 161%, diametral tensile strength increased by 53%, and the mass loss decreased from 10.95 to 3.87%. 26478325 5 45 theme elastic 1182:1188 arg1 modulus 1190:1196 elastic modulus 1182:1196 elastic modulus 1182:1196 However, the addition of a small amount of CNC in the GIC led to significant improvements in all of the mechanical properties evaluated: compressive strength (increased up to 110% compared with the control group), elastic modulus increased by 161%, diametral tensile strength increased by 53%, and the mass loss decreased from 10.95 to 3.87%. 26478325 1 46 theme cellulose 179:187 arg1 CNC 203:205 CNC 203:205 CNC 203:205 The aim of this work was to evaluate if the addition of cellulose microfibers (CmF) or cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) would improve the mechanical properties of a commercial dental glass ionomer cement (GIC). 26478325 1 46 theme cellulose 179:187 arg1 nanocrystals 189:200 cellulose nanocrystals 179:200 cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) 179:206 The aim of this work was to evaluate if the addition of cellulose microfibers (CmF) or cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) would improve the mechanical properties of a commercial dental glass ionomer cement (GIC). 26478325 5 47 from GIC 1022:1024 arg1 amount 1001:1006 a small amount 993:1006 a small amount of CNC in the GIC 993:1024 However, the addition of a small amount of CNC in the GIC led to significant improvements in all of the mechanical properties evaluated: compressive strength (increased up to 110% compared with the control group), elastic modulus increased by 161%, diametral tensile strength increased by 53%, and the mass loss decreased from 10.95 to 3.87%. 26478325 5 47 from GIC 1022:1024 arg1 CNC 1011:1013 CNC 1011:1013 CNC in the GIC 1011:1024 However, the addition of a small amount of CNC in the GIC led to significant improvements in all of the mechanical properties evaluated: compressive strength (increased up to 110% compared with the control group), elastic modulus increased by 161%, diametral tensile strength increased by 53%, and the mass loss decreased from 10.95 to 3.87%. 26478325 1 48 theme glass 271:275 arg1 GIC 293:295 GIC 293:295 GIC 293:295 The aim of this work was to evaluate if the addition of cellulose microfibers (CmF) or cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) would improve the mechanical properties of a commercial dental glass ionomer cement (GIC). 26478325 1 48 theme glass 271:275 arg1 cement 285:290 a commercial dental glass ionomer cement 251:290 a commercial dental glass ionomer cement (GIC) 251:296 The aim of this work was to evaluate if the addition of cellulose microfibers (CmF) or cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) would improve the mechanical properties of a commercial dental glass ionomer cement (GIC). 26478325 1 49 theme nanocrystals 189:200 arg1 addition 136:143 the addition 132:143 the addition of cellulose microfibers (CmF) or cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) 132:206 The aim of this work was to evaluate if the addition of cellulose microfibers (CmF) or cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) would improve the mechanical properties of a commercial dental glass ionomer cement (GIC). 26478325 5 50 from CNC 1011:1013 arg1 GIC 1022:1024 the GIC 1018:1024 the GIC 1018:1024 However, the addition of a small amount of CNC in the GIC led to significant improvements in all of the mechanical properties evaluated: compressive strength (increased up to 110% compared with the control group), elastic modulus increased by 161%, diametral tensile strength increased by 53%, and the mass loss decreased from 10.95 to 3.87%. 26478325 1 51 theme ionomer 277:283 arg1 GIC 293:295 GIC 293:295 GIC 293:295 The aim of this work was to evaluate if the addition of cellulose microfibers (CmF) or cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) would improve the mechanical properties of a commercial dental glass ionomer cement (GIC). 26478325 1 51 theme ionomer 277:283 arg1 cement 285:290 a commercial dental glass ionomer cement 251:290 a commercial dental glass ionomer cement (GIC) 251:296 The aim of this work was to evaluate if the addition of cellulose microfibers (CmF) or cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) would improve the mechanical properties of a commercial dental glass ionomer cement (GIC). 26478325 4 52 theme CmF 888:890 arg1 incorporation 871:883 The incorporation 867:883 The incorporation of CmF in the GIC matrix 867:908 The incorporation of CmF in the GIC matrix did not greatly improve the mechanical properties of GIC. 26478325 3 53 dep Fourier 819:825 arg1 transform 827:835 transform 827:835 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 827:864 Test specimens with various concentrations of CmF or CNC in their total masses were fabricated and submitted to mechanical tests (to evaluate their compressive and diametral tensile strength,modulus, surface microhardness and wear resistance) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26478325 2 54 theme Different 299:307 arg1 CNC 328:330 CNC 328:330 CNC 328:330 Different amounts of CmF and CNC were previously prepared and then added to reinforce the GIC matrix while it was being manipulated. 26478325 2 54 theme Different 299:307 arg1 CmF 320:322 CmF 320:322 CmF 320:322 Different amounts of CmF and CNC were previously prepared and then added to reinforce the GIC matrix while it was being manipulated. 26478325 2 54 theme Different 299:307 arg1 amounts 309:315 Different amounts 299:315 Different amounts of CmF and CNC 299:330 Different amounts of CmF and CNC were previously prepared and then added to reinforce the GIC matrix while it was being manipulated. 26478325 0 55 theme cellulose 42:50 arg1 microfibers 52:62 cellulose microfibers 42:62 cellulose microfibers 42:62 Dental glass ionomer cement reinforced by cellulose microfibers and cellulose nanocrystals. 26478325 3 56 theme electron 705:712 arg1 microscopy 714:723 scanning electron microscopy 696:723 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 696:729 Test specimens with various concentrations of CmF or CNC in their total masses were fabricated and submitted to mechanical tests (to evaluate their compressive and diametral tensile strength,modulus, surface microhardness and wear resistance) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26478325 3 56 theme electron 705:712 arg1 SEM 726:728 SEM 726:728 SEM 726:728 Test specimens with various concentrations of CmF or CNC in their total masses were fabricated and submitted to mechanical tests (to evaluate their compressive and diametral tensile strength,modulus, surface microhardness and wear resistance) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26478325 5 57 theme CNC 1011:1013 arg1 amount 1001:1006 a small amount 993:1006 a small amount of CNC in the GIC 993:1024 However, the addition of a small amount of CNC in the GIC led to significant improvements in all of the mechanical properties evaluated: compressive strength (increased up to 110% compared with the control group), elastic modulus increased by 161%, diametral tensile strength increased by 53%, and the mass loss decreased from 10.95 to 3.87%. 26478325 5 57 theme CNC 1011:1013 arg1 CNC 1011:1013 CNC 1011:1013 CNC in the GIC 1011:1024 However, the addition of a small amount of CNC in the GIC led to significant improvements in all of the mechanical properties evaluated: compressive strength (increased up to 110% compared with the control group), elastic modulus increased by 161%, diametral tensile strength increased by 53%, and the mass loss decreased from 10.95 to 3.87%. 26478325 3 58 dep transform 827:835 arg1 infrared 837:844 infrared 837:844 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 827:864 Test specimens with various concentrations of CmF or CNC in their total masses were fabricated and submitted to mechanical tests (to evaluate their compressive and diametral tensile strength,modulus, surface microhardness and wear resistance) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26478325 3 59 theme transmission 776:787 arg1 TEM 810:812 TEM 810:812 TEM 810:812 Test specimens with various concentrations of CmF or CNC in their total masses were fabricated and submitted to mechanical tests (to evaluate their compressive and diametral tensile strength,modulus, surface microhardness and wear resistance) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26478325 3 59 theme transmission 776:787 arg1 microscopy 798:807 transmission electron microscopy 776:807 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 776:813 Test specimens with various concentrations of CmF or CNC in their total masses were fabricated and submitted to mechanical tests (to evaluate their compressive and diametral tensile strength,modulus, surface microhardness and wear resistance) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26478325 6 60 theme new 1460:1462 arg1 material 1497:1504 a new and promising dental restorative material 1458:1504 a new and promising dental restorative material 1458:1504 Because the composites presented a considerable increase in mechanical properties, the modification of the conventional GIC with CNC can represent a new and promising dental restorative material. 26478325 6 61 theme conventional 1418:1429 arg1 GIC 1431:1433 the conventional GIC 1414:1433 the conventional GIC 1414:1433 Because the composites presented a considerable increase in mechanical properties, the modification of the conventional GIC with CNC can represent a new and promising dental restorative material. 26478325 3 62 theme electron 789:796 arg1 TEM 810:812 TEM 810:812 TEM 810:812 Test specimens with various concentrations of CmF or CNC in their total masses were fabricated and submitted to mechanical tests (to evaluate their compressive and diametral tensile strength,modulus, surface microhardness and wear resistance) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26478325 3 62 theme electron 789:796 arg1 microscopy 798:807 transmission electron microscopy 776:807 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 776:813 Test specimens with various concentrations of CmF or CNC in their total masses were fabricated and submitted to mechanical tests (to evaluate their compressive and diametral tensile strength,modulus, surface microhardness and wear resistance) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26478325 3 63 theme energy 732:737 arg1 spectroscopy 756:767 energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 732:767 energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) 732:773 Test specimens with various concentrations of CmF or CNC in their total masses were fabricated and submitted to mechanical tests (to evaluate their compressive and diametral tensile strength,modulus, surface microhardness and wear resistance) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26478325 3 63 theme energy 732:737 arg1 EDS 770:772 EDS 770:772 EDS 770:772 Test specimens with various concentrations of CmF or CNC in their total masses were fabricated and submitted to mechanical tests (to evaluate their compressive and diametral tensile strength,modulus, surface microhardness and wear resistance) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26478325 3 64 theme diametral 596:604 arg1 strength 614:621 their compressive and diametral tensile strength 574:621 their compressive and diametral tensile strength 574:621 Test specimens with various concentrations of CmF or CNC in their total masses were fabricated and submitted to mechanical tests (to evaluate their compressive and diametral tensile strength,modulus, surface microhardness and wear resistance) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26478325 6 65 theme considerable 1346:1357 arg1 increase 1359:1366 a considerable increase 1344:1366 a considerable increase in mechanical properties 1344:1391 Because the composites presented a considerable increase in mechanical properties, the modification of the conventional GIC with CNC can represent a new and promising dental restorative material. 26478325 3 66 theme dispersive 739:748 arg1 spectroscopy 756:767 energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 732:767 energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) 732:773 Test specimens with various concentrations of CmF or CNC in their total masses were fabricated and submitted to mechanical tests (to evaluate their compressive and diametral tensile strength,modulus, surface microhardness and wear resistance) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26478325 3 66 theme dispersive 739:748 arg1 EDS 770:772 EDS 770:772 EDS 770:772 Test specimens with various concentrations of CmF or CNC in their total masses were fabricated and submitted to mechanical tests (to evaluate their compressive and diametral tensile strength,modulus, surface microhardness and wear resistance) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26478325 0 67 theme cellulose 68:76 arg1 nanocrystals 78:89 cellulose nanocrystals 68:89 cellulose nanocrystals 68:89 Dental glass ionomer cement reinforced by cellulose microfibers and cellulose nanocrystals. 26478325 3 68 theme tensile 606:612 arg1 strength 614:621 their compressive and diametral tensile strength 574:621 their compressive and diametral tensile strength 574:621 Test specimens with various concentrations of CmF or CNC in their total masses were fabricated and submitted to mechanical tests (to evaluate their compressive and diametral tensile strength,modulus, surface microhardness and wear resistance) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26478325 3 69 theme mechanical 544:553 arg1 tests 555:559 mechanical tests 544:559 mechanical tests (to evaluate their compressive and diametral tensile strength,modulus, surface microhardness and wear resistance) 544:673 Test specimens with various concentrations of CmF or CNC in their total masses were fabricated and submitted to mechanical tests (to evaluate their compressive and diametral tensile strength,modulus, surface microhardness and wear resistance) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26478325 5 70 theme control 1166:1172 arg1 group 1174:1178 the control group 1162:1178 the control group 1162:1178 However, the addition of a small amount of CNC in the GIC led to significant improvements in all of the mechanical properties evaluated: compressive strength (increased up to 110% compared with the control group), elastic modulus increased by 161%, diametral tensile strength increased by 53%, and the mass loss decreased from 10.95 to 3.87%. 26478325 3 71 theme X-ray 750:754 arg1 spectroscopy 756:767 energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 732:767 energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) 732:773 Test specimens with various concentrations of CmF or CNC in their total masses were fabricated and submitted to mechanical tests (to evaluate their compressive and diametral tensile strength,modulus, surface microhardness and wear resistance) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26478325 3 71 theme X-ray 750:754 arg1 EDS 770:772 EDS 770:772 EDS 770:772 Test specimens with various concentrations of CmF or CNC in their total masses were fabricated and submitted to mechanical tests (to evaluate their compressive and diametral tensile strength,modulus, surface microhardness and wear resistance) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26478325 3 72 theme surface 632:638 arg1 microhardness 640:652 surface microhardness 632:652 surface microhardness 632:652 Test specimens with various concentrations of CmF or CNC in their total masses were fabricated and submitted to mechanical tests (to evaluate their compressive and diametral tensile strength,modulus, surface microhardness and wear resistance) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26478325 4 73 theme mechanical 938:947 arg1 properties 949:958 the mechanical properties 934:958 the mechanical properties of GIC 934:965 The incorporation of CmF in the GIC matrix did not greatly improve the mechanical properties of GIC. 26478325 5 74 theme diametral 1217:1225 arg1 strength 1235:1242 diametral tensile strength 1217:1242 diametral tensile strength 1217:1242 However, the addition of a small amount of CNC in the GIC led to significant improvements in all of the mechanical properties evaluated: compressive strength (increased up to 110% compared with the control group), elastic modulus increased by 161%, diametral tensile strength increased by 53%, and the mass loss decreased from 10.95 to 3.87%. 26478325 2 75 theme CmF 320:322 arg1 CNC 328:330 CNC 328:330 CNC 328:330 Different amounts of CmF and CNC were previously prepared and then added to reinforce the GIC matrix while it was being manipulated. 26478325 2 75 theme CmF 320:322 arg1 CmF 320:322 CmF 320:322 CmF 320:322 Different amounts of CmF and CNC were previously prepared and then added to reinforce the GIC matrix while it was being manipulated. 26478325 2 75 theme CmF 320:322 arg1 amounts 309:315 Different amounts 299:315 Different amounts of CmF and CNC 299:330 Different amounts of CmF and CNC were previously prepared and then added to reinforce the GIC matrix while it was being manipulated. 26478325 4 76 theme GIC 963:965 arg1 properties 949:958 the mechanical properties 934:958 the mechanical properties of GIC 934:965 The incorporation of CmF in the GIC matrix did not greatly improve the mechanical properties of GIC. 24995272 3 0 theme scaffold 750:757 arg1 performances 759:770 the local cell-scaffold interaction and scaffold performances 710:770 performances 759:770 The results demonstrate that the presence of the bioactive glass component affects not only macroscopic features such as porosity, but mainly scaffold microarchitecture giving rise to structural heterogeneity, which could have an impact on the local cell-scaffold interaction and scaffold performances. 24995272 3 1 theme component 535:543 arg1 presence 503:510 the presence 499:510 the presence of the bioactive glass component 499:543 The results demonstrate that the presence of the bioactive glass component affects not only macroscopic features such as porosity, but mainly scaffold microarchitecture giving rise to structural heterogeneity, which could have an impact on the local cell-scaffold interaction and scaffold performances. 24995272 1 2 theme bioactive 265:273 arg1 glasses 275:281 bioactive glasses 265:281 bioactive glasses 265:281 The aim of the present study is to characterize the microstructure of composite scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration containing different ratios of chitosan/gelatin blend and bioactive glasses. 24995272 3 3 theme cell-scaffold 720:732 arg1 interaction 734:744 the local cell-scaffold interaction and scaffold performances 710:770 interaction 734:744 The results demonstrate that the presence of the bioactive glass component affects not only macroscopic features such as porosity, but mainly scaffold microarchitecture giving rise to structural heterogeneity, which could have an impact on the local cell-scaffold interaction and scaffold performances. 24995272 4 4 theme comprehensive 937:949 arg1 characterization 951:966 a comprehensive characterization 935:966 a comprehensive characterization of the scaffold texture 935:990 The adopted approach allows to investigate the scale-dependent pore distribution within the scaffold and the related structural heterogeneity features, providing a comprehensive characterization of the scaffold texture. 24995272 1 5 theme composite 158:166 arg1 scaffolds 168:176 composite scaffolds 158:176 composite scaffolds 158:176 The aim of the present study is to characterize the microstructure of composite scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration containing different ratios of chitosan/gelatin blend and bioactive glasses. 24995272 1 6 theme glasses 275:281 arg1 ratios 228:233 different ratios 218:233 different ratios of chitosan/gelatin blend and bioactive glasses 218:281 The aim of the present study is to characterize the microstructure of composite scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration containing different ratios of chitosan/gelatin blend and bioactive glasses. 24995272 4 7 theme heterogeneity 901:913 arg1 features 915:922 the related structural heterogeneity features 878:922 the related structural heterogeneity features 878:922 The adopted approach allows to investigate the scale-dependent pore distribution within the scaffold and the related structural heterogeneity features, providing a comprehensive characterization of the scaffold texture. 24995272 4 8 theme scale-dependent 820:834 arg1 distribution 841:852 the scale-dependent pore distribution 816:852 the scale-dependent pore distribution within the scaffold 816:872 The adopted approach allows to investigate the scale-dependent pore distribution within the scaffold and the related structural heterogeneity features, providing a comprehensive characterization of the scaffold texture. 24995272 2 9 theme 3D 308:309 arg1 models 311:316 realistic 3D models 298:316 realistic 3D models of the scaffolds reconstructed from micro-CT images 298:368 Starting from realistic 3D models of the scaffolds reconstructed from micro-CT images, the level of heterogeneity of scaffold architecture is evaluated performing a lacunarity analysis. 24995272 3 10 theme bioactive 519:527 arg1 component 535:543 the bioactive glass component 515:543 the bioactive glass component 515:543 The results demonstrate that the presence of the bioactive glass component affects not only macroscopic features such as porosity, but mainly scaffold microarchitecture giving rise to structural heterogeneity, which could have an impact on the local cell-scaffold interaction and scaffold performances. 24995272 2 11 theme realistic 298:306 arg1 models 311:316 realistic 3D models 298:316 realistic 3D models of the scaffolds reconstructed from micro-CT images 298:368 Starting from realistic 3D models of the scaffolds reconstructed from micro-CT images, the level of heterogeneity of scaffold architecture is evaluated performing a lacunarity analysis. 24995272 2 12 theme scaffold 401:408 arg1 architecture 410:421 scaffold architecture 401:421 scaffold architecture 401:421 Starting from realistic 3D models of the scaffolds reconstructed from micro-CT images, the level of heterogeneity of scaffold architecture is evaluated performing a lacunarity analysis. 24995272 1 13 theme scaffolds 168:176 arg1 microstructure 140:153 the microstructure 136:153 the microstructure of composite scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration containing different ratios of chitosan/gelatin blend and bioactive glasses 136:281 The aim of the present study is to characterize the microstructure of composite scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration containing different ratios of chitosan/gelatin blend and bioactive glasses. 24995272 4 14 theme pore 836:839 arg1 distribution 841:852 the scale-dependent pore distribution 816:852 the scale-dependent pore distribution within the scaffold 816:872 The adopted approach allows to investigate the scale-dependent pore distribution within the scaffold and the related structural heterogeneity features, providing a comprehensive characterization of the scaffold texture. 24995272 2 15 theme architecture 410:421 arg1 heterogeneity 384:396 heterogeneity 384:396 heterogeneity of scaffold architecture 384:421 Starting from realistic 3D models of the scaffolds reconstructed from micro-CT images, the level of heterogeneity of scaffold architecture is evaluated performing a lacunarity analysis. 24995272 0 16 theme three-dimensional 12:28 arg1 analysis 30:37 Image-based three-dimensional analysis 0:37 Image-based three-dimensional analysis 0:37 Image-based three-dimensional analysis to characterize the texture of porous scaffolds. 24995272 3 17 from impact 700:705 arg1 interaction 734:744 the local cell-scaffold interaction and scaffold performances 710:770 interaction 734:744 The results demonstrate that the presence of the bioactive glass component affects not only macroscopic features such as porosity, but mainly scaffold microarchitecture giving rise to structural heterogeneity, which could have an impact on the local cell-scaffold interaction and scaffold performances. 24995272 3 17 from impact 700:705 arg1 performances 759:770 the local cell-scaffold interaction and scaffold performances 710:770 performances 759:770 The results demonstrate that the presence of the bioactive glass component affects not only macroscopic features such as porosity, but mainly scaffold microarchitecture giving rise to structural heterogeneity, which could have an impact on the local cell-scaffold interaction and scaffold performances. 24995272 3 18 theme macroscopic 562:572 arg1 features 574:581 macroscopic features 562:581 macroscopic features such as porosity 562:598 The results demonstrate that the presence of the bioactive glass component affects not only macroscopic features such as porosity, but mainly scaffold microarchitecture giving rise to structural heterogeneity, which could have an impact on the local cell-scaffold interaction and scaffold performances. 24995272 3 18 theme macroscopic 562:572 arg1 porosity 591:598 porosity 591:598 porosity 591:598 The results demonstrate that the presence of the bioactive glass component affects not only macroscopic features such as porosity, but mainly scaffold microarchitecture giving rise to structural heterogeneity, which could have an impact on the local cell-scaffold interaction and scaffold performances. 24995272 1 19 theme bone 182:185 arg1 regeneration 194:205 bone tissue regeneration 182:205 bone tissue regeneration containing different ratios of chitosan/gelatin blend and bioactive glasses 182:281 The aim of the present study is to characterize the microstructure of composite scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration containing different ratios of chitosan/gelatin blend and bioactive glasses. 24995272 0 20 theme Image-based 0:10 arg1 analysis 30:37 Image-based three-dimensional analysis 0:37 Image-based three-dimensional analysis 0:37 Image-based three-dimensional analysis to characterize the texture of porous scaffolds. 24995272 2 21 theme scaffolds 325:333 arg1 models 311:316 realistic 3D models 298:316 realistic 3D models of the scaffolds reconstructed from micro-CT images 298:368 Starting from realistic 3D models of the scaffolds reconstructed from micro-CT images, the level of heterogeneity of scaffold architecture is evaluated performing a lacunarity analysis. 24995272 1 22 theme tissue 187:192 arg1 regeneration 194:205 bone tissue regeneration 182:205 bone tissue regeneration containing different ratios of chitosan/gelatin blend and bioactive glasses 182:281 The aim of the present study is to characterize the microstructure of composite scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration containing different ratios of chitosan/gelatin blend and bioactive glasses. 24995272 2 23 theme lacunarity 449:458 arg1 analysis 460:467 a lacunarity analysis 447:467 a lacunarity analysis 447:467 Starting from realistic 3D models of the scaffolds reconstructed from micro-CT images, the level of heterogeneity of scaffold architecture is evaluated performing a lacunarity analysis. 24995272 2 24 gly heterogeneity 384:396 arg1 architecture 410:421 scaffold architecture 401:421 scaffold architecture 401:421 Starting from realistic 3D models of the scaffolds reconstructed from micro-CT images, the level of heterogeneity of scaffold architecture is evaluated performing a lacunarity analysis. 24995272 1 25 theme present 103:109 arg1 study 111:115 the present study 99:115 the present study 99:115 The aim of the present study is to characterize the microstructure of composite scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration containing different ratios of chitosan/gelatin blend and bioactive glasses. 24995272 4 26 theme related 882:888 arg1 features 915:922 the related structural heterogeneity features 878:922 the related structural heterogeneity features 878:922 The adopted approach allows to investigate the scale-dependent pore distribution within the scaffold and the related structural heterogeneity features, providing a comprehensive characterization of the scaffold texture. 24995272 1 27 theme different 218:226 arg1 ratios 228:233 different ratios 218:233 different ratios of chitosan/gelatin blend and bioactive glasses 218:281 The aim of the present study is to characterize the microstructure of composite scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration containing different ratios of chitosan/gelatin blend and bioactive glasses. 24995272 3 28 contain have 692:695 arg1 heterogeneity 665:677 structural heterogeneity 654:677 structural heterogeneity 654:677 The results demonstrate that the presence of the bioactive glass component affects not only macroscopic features such as porosity, but mainly scaffold microarchitecture giving rise to structural heterogeneity, which could have an impact on the local cell-scaffold interaction and scaffold performances. 24995272 3 28 contain have 692:695 arg2 impact 700:705 an impact 697:705 an impact on the local cell-scaffold interaction and scaffold performances 697:770 The results demonstrate that the presence of the bioactive glass component affects not only macroscopic features such as porosity, but mainly scaffold microarchitecture giving rise to structural heterogeneity, which could have an impact on the local cell-scaffold interaction and scaffold performances. 24995272 4 29 theme texture 984:990 arg1 characterization 951:966 a comprehensive characterization 935:966 a comprehensive characterization of the scaffold texture 935:990 The adopted approach allows to investigate the scale-dependent pore distribution within the scaffold and the related structural heterogeneity features, providing a comprehensive characterization of the scaffold texture. 24995272 3 30 theme scaffold 612:619 arg1 microarchitecture 621:637 scaffold microarchitecture 612:637 scaffold microarchitecture giving rise to structural heterogeneity, which could have an impact on the local cell-scaffold interaction and scaffold performances 612:770 The results demonstrate that the presence of the bioactive glass component affects not only macroscopic features such as porosity, but mainly scaffold microarchitecture giving rise to structural heterogeneity, which could have an impact on the local cell-scaffold interaction and scaffold performances. 24995272 1 31 theme study 111:115 arg1 aim 92:94 The aim 88:94 The aim of the present study 88:115 The aim of the present study is to characterize the microstructure of composite scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration containing different ratios of chitosan/gelatin blend and bioactive glasses. 24995272 4 32 theme scaffold 975:982 arg1 texture 984:990 the scaffold texture 971:990 the scaffold texture 971:990 The adopted approach allows to investigate the scale-dependent pore distribution within the scaffold and the related structural heterogeneity features, providing a comprehensive characterization of the scaffold texture. 24995272 4 33 theme structural 890:899 arg1 features 915:922 the related structural heterogeneity features 878:922 the related structural heterogeneity features 878:922 The adopted approach allows to investigate the scale-dependent pore distribution within the scaffold and the related structural heterogeneity features, providing a comprehensive characterization of the scaffold texture. 24995272 3 34 theme glass 529:533 arg1 component 535:543 the bioactive glass component 515:543 the bioactive glass component 515:543 The results demonstrate that the presence of the bioactive glass component affects not only macroscopic features such as porosity, but mainly scaffold microarchitecture giving rise to structural heterogeneity, which could have an impact on the local cell-scaffold interaction and scaffold performances. 24995272 3 35 theme local 714:718 arg1 interaction 734:744 the local cell-scaffold interaction and scaffold performances 710:770 interaction 734:744 The results demonstrate that the presence of the bioactive glass component affects not only macroscopic features such as porosity, but mainly scaffold microarchitecture giving rise to structural heterogeneity, which could have an impact on the local cell-scaffold interaction and scaffold performances. 24995272 2 36 theme micro-CT 354:361 arg1 images 363:368 micro-CT images 354:368 micro-CT images 354:368 Starting from realistic 3D models of the scaffolds reconstructed from micro-CT images, the level of heterogeneity of scaffold architecture is evaluated performing a lacunarity analysis. 24995272 1 37 contain containing 207:216 arg2 ratios 228:233 different ratios 218:233 different ratios of chitosan/gelatin blend and bioactive glasses 218:281 The aim of the present study is to characterize the microstructure of composite scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration containing different ratios of chitosan/gelatin blend and bioactive glasses. 24995272 1 37 contain containing 207:216 arg1 regeneration 194:205 bone tissue regeneration 182:205 bone tissue regeneration containing different ratios of chitosan/gelatin blend and bioactive glasses 182:281 The aim of the present study is to characterize the microstructure of composite scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration containing different ratios of chitosan/gelatin blend and bioactive glasses. 24995272 4 38 theme adopted 777:783 arg1 approach 785:792 The adopted approach 773:792 The adopted approach 773:792 The adopted approach allows to investigate the scale-dependent pore distribution within the scaffold and the related structural heterogeneity features, providing a comprehensive characterization of the scaffold texture. 24995272 1 39 theme chitosan/gelatin 238:253 arg1 blend 255:259 chitosan/gelatin blend 238:259 chitosan/gelatin blend 238:259 The aim of the present study is to characterize the microstructure of composite scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration containing different ratios of chitosan/gelatin blend and bioactive glasses. 24995272 0 40 theme scaffolds 77:85 arg1 texture 59:65 the texture 55:65 the texture of porous scaffolds 55:85 Image-based three-dimensional analysis to characterize the texture of porous scaffolds. 24995272 2 41 theme heterogeneity 384:396 arg1 level 375:379 the level 371:379 the level of heterogeneity of scaffold architecture 371:421 Starting from realistic 3D models of the scaffolds reconstructed from micro-CT images, the level of heterogeneity of scaffold architecture is evaluated performing a lacunarity analysis. 24995272 1 42 theme blend 255:259 arg1 ratios 228:233 different ratios 218:233 different ratios of chitosan/gelatin blend and bioactive glasses 218:281 The aim of the present study is to characterize the microstructure of composite scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration containing different ratios of chitosan/gelatin blend and bioactive glasses. 24995272 0 43 theme porous 70:75 arg1 scaffolds 77:85 porous scaffolds 70:85 porous scaffolds 70:85 Image-based three-dimensional analysis to characterize the texture of porous scaffolds. 24995272 3 44 theme structural 654:663 arg1 heterogeneity 665:677 structural heterogeneity 654:677 structural heterogeneity 654:677 The results demonstrate that the presence of the bioactive glass component affects not only macroscopic features such as porosity, but mainly scaffold microarchitecture giving rise to structural heterogeneity, which could have an impact on the local cell-scaffold interaction and scaffold performances. 24096158 1 0 theme new 152:154 arg1 materials 166:174 new composite materials 152:174 new composite materials for the controlled release of drugs 152:210 In order to find new composite materials for the controlled release of drugs, a series of novel pH sensitive konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate (KGM/SA) and KGM/SA/graphene oxide (KGM/SA/GO) hydrogels were prepared, using GO as a drug-binding effector for anticancer drug loading and release. 24096158 1 1 theme pH 231:232 arg1 KGM/SA 280:285 KGM/SA 280:285 KGM/SA 280:285 In order to find new composite materials for the controlled release of drugs, a series of novel pH sensitive konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate (KGM/SA) and KGM/SA/graphene oxide (KGM/SA/GO) hydrogels were prepared, using GO as a drug-binding effector for anticancer drug loading and release. 24096158 1 1 theme pH 231:232 arg1 alginate 270:277 novel pH sensitive konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate 225:277 novel pH sensitive konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate (KGM/SA) 225:286 In order to find new composite materials for the controlled release of drugs, a series of novel pH sensitive konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate (KGM/SA) and KGM/SA/graphene oxide (KGM/SA/GO) hydrogels were prepared, using GO as a drug-binding effector for anticancer drug loading and release. 24096158 0 2 theme drug-binding 64:75 arg1 effector 77:84 a drug-binding effector 62:84 a drug-binding effector in konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate hydrogels 62:132 Controlled release of anticancer drug using graphene oxide as a drug-binding effector in konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate hydrogels. 24096158 0 2 theme drug-binding 64:75 arg1 oxide 53:57 graphene oxide 44:57 graphene oxide 44:57 Controlled release of anticancer drug using graphene oxide as a drug-binding effector in konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate hydrogels. 24096158 1 3 dep alginate 270:277 arg1 hydrogels 326:334 hydrogels 326:334 hydrogels 326:334 In order to find new composite materials for the controlled release of drugs, a series of novel pH sensitive konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate (KGM/SA) and KGM/SA/graphene oxide (KGM/SA/GO) hydrogels were prepared, using GO as a drug-binding effector for anticancer drug loading and release. 24096158 3 4 theme hydrogels 623:631 arg1 properties 609:618 the swelling properties 596:618 the swelling properties of hydrogels 596:631 The effects of component ratio and pH on the swelling properties of hydrogels were studied. 24096158 1 5 theme composite 156:164 arg1 materials 166:174 new composite materials 152:174 new composite materials for the controlled release of drugs 152:210 In order to find new composite materials for the controlled release of drugs, a series of novel pH sensitive konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate (KGM/SA) and KGM/SA/graphene oxide (KGM/SA/GO) hydrogels were prepared, using GO as a drug-binding effector for anticancer drug loading and release. 24096158 5 6 from KGM/SA 873:878 arg1 rate 836:839 the release rate 824:839 the release rate of 5-FU from the functionalized KGM/SA using GO 824:887 Therefore, the release rate of 5-FU from the functionalized KGM/SA using GO could be effectively controlled, Go has a great potential to be a promising drug-binding effector for hydrogel functionalization in drug delivery. 24096158 1 7 theme sensitive 234:242 arg1 KGM/SA 280:285 KGM/SA 280:285 KGM/SA 280:285 In order to find new composite materials for the controlled release of drugs, a series of novel pH sensitive konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate (KGM/SA) and KGM/SA/graphene oxide (KGM/SA/GO) hydrogels were prepared, using GO as a drug-binding effector for anticancer drug loading and release. 24096158 1 7 theme sensitive 234:242 arg1 alginate 270:277 novel pH sensitive konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate 225:277 novel pH sensitive konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate (KGM/SA) 225:286 In order to find new composite materials for the controlled release of drugs, a series of novel pH sensitive konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate (KGM/SA) and KGM/SA/graphene oxide (KGM/SA/GO) hydrogels were prepared, using GO as a drug-binding effector for anticancer drug loading and release. 24096158 0 8 theme konjac 89:94 arg1 hydrogels 124:132 konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate hydrogels 89:132 konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate hydrogels 89:132 Controlled release of anticancer drug using graphene oxide as a drug-binding effector in konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate hydrogels. 24096158 5 9 theme functionalized 858:871 arg1 KGM/SA 873:878 the functionalized KGM/SA 854:878 the functionalized KGM/SA using GO 854:887 Therefore, the release rate of 5-FU from the functionalized KGM/SA using GO could be effectively controlled, Go has a great potential to be a promising drug-binding effector for hydrogel functionalization in drug delivery. 24096158 1 10 theme konjac 244:249 arg1 KGM/SA 280:285 KGM/SA 280:285 KGM/SA 280:285 In order to find new composite materials for the controlled release of drugs, a series of novel pH sensitive konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate (KGM/SA) and KGM/SA/graphene oxide (KGM/SA/GO) hydrogels were prepared, using GO as a drug-binding effector for anticancer drug loading and release. 24096158 1 10 theme konjac 244:249 arg1 alginate 270:277 novel pH sensitive konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate 225:277 novel pH sensitive konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate (KGM/SA) 225:286 In order to find new composite materials for the controlled release of drugs, a series of novel pH sensitive konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate (KGM/SA) and KGM/SA/graphene oxide (KGM/SA/GO) hydrogels were prepared, using GO as a drug-binding effector for anticancer drug loading and release. 24096158 5 11 theme hydrogel 991:998 arg1 functionalization 1000:1016 hydrogel functionalization 991:1016 hydrogel functionalization in drug delivery 991:1033 Therefore, the release rate of 5-FU from the functionalized KGM/SA using GO could be effectively controlled, Go has a great potential to be a promising drug-binding effector for hydrogel functionalization in drug delivery. 24096158 1 12 theme glucomannan/sodium 251:268 arg1 KGM/SA 280:285 KGM/SA 280:285 KGM/SA 280:285 In order to find new composite materials for the controlled release of drugs, a series of novel pH sensitive konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate (KGM/SA) and KGM/SA/graphene oxide (KGM/SA/GO) hydrogels were prepared, using GO as a drug-binding effector for anticancer drug loading and release. 24096158 1 12 theme glucomannan/sodium 251:268 arg1 alginate 270:277 novel pH sensitive konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate 225:277 novel pH sensitive konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate (KGM/SA) 225:286 In order to find new composite materials for the controlled release of drugs, a series of novel pH sensitive konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate (KGM/SA) and KGM/SA/graphene oxide (KGM/SA/GO) hydrogels were prepared, using GO as a drug-binding effector for anticancer drug loading and release. 24096158 0 13 theme alginate 115:122 arg1 hydrogels 124:132 konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate hydrogels 89:132 konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate hydrogels 89:132 Controlled release of anticancer drug using graphene oxide as a drug-binding effector in konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate hydrogels. 24096158 0 14 theme glucomannan/sodium 96:113 arg1 hydrogels 124:132 konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate hydrogels 89:132 konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate hydrogels 89:132 Controlled release of anticancer drug using graphene oxide as a drug-binding effector in konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate hydrogels. 24096158 5 15 theme drug 1021:1024 arg1 delivery 1026:1033 drug delivery 1021:1033 drug delivery 1021:1033 Therefore, the release rate of 5-FU from the functionalized KGM/SA using GO could be effectively controlled, Go has a great potential to be a promising drug-binding effector for hydrogel functionalization in drug delivery. 24096158 5 16 theme 5-FU 844:847 arg1 rate 836:839 the release rate 824:839 the release rate of 5-FU from the functionalized KGM/SA using GO 824:887 Therefore, the release rate of 5-FU from the functionalized KGM/SA using GO could be effectively controlled, Go has a great potential to be a promising drug-binding effector for hydrogel functionalization in drug delivery. 24096158 1 17 theme alginate 270:277 arg1 series 215:220 a series 213:220 a series of novel pH sensitive konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate (KGM/SA) and KGM/SA/graphene oxide (KGM/SA/GO) hydrogels 213:334 In order to find new composite materials for the controlled release of drugs, a series of novel pH sensitive konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate (KGM/SA) and KGM/SA/graphene oxide (KGM/SA/GO) hydrogels were prepared, using GO as a drug-binding effector for anticancer drug loading and release. 24096158 1 18 theme controlled 184:193 arg1 release 195:201 the controlled release 180:201 the controlled release of drugs 180:210 In order to find new composite materials for the controlled release of drugs, a series of novel pH sensitive konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate (KGM/SA) and KGM/SA/graphene oxide (KGM/SA/GO) hydrogels were prepared, using GO as a drug-binding effector for anticancer drug loading and release. 24096158 0 19 theme anticancer 22:31 arg1 drug 33:36 anticancer drug 22:36 anticancer drug using graphene oxide as a drug-binding effector in konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate hydrogels 22:132 Controlled release of anticancer drug using graphene oxide as a drug-binding effector in konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate hydrogels. 24096158 3 20 from effects 559:565 arg1 properties 609:618 the swelling properties 596:618 the swelling properties of hydrogels 596:631 The effects of component ratio and pH on the swelling properties of hydrogels were studied. 24096158 5 21 from functionalization 1000:1016 arg1 delivery 1026:1033 drug delivery 1021:1033 drug delivery 1021:1033 Therefore, the release rate of 5-FU from the functionalized KGM/SA using GO could be effectively controlled, Go has a great potential to be a promising drug-binding effector for hydrogel functionalization in drug delivery. 24096158 2 22 theme electron 528:535 arg1 SEM 549:551 SEM 549:551 SEM 549:551 The hydrogels were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 24096158 2 22 theme electron 528:535 arg1 microscopy 537:546 scanning electron microscopy 519:546 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 519:552 The hydrogels were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 24096158 0 23 from effector 77:84 arg1 hydrogels 124:132 konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate hydrogels 89:132 konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate hydrogels 89:132 Controlled release of anticancer drug using graphene oxide as a drug-binding effector in konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate hydrogels. 24096158 4 24 theme KGM/SA/GO-3 709:719 arg1 hydrogels 721:729 KGM/SA/GO-3 hydrogels 709:729 KGM/SA/GO-3 hydrogels 709:729 The release amount of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) incorporated into KGM/SA/GO-3 hydrogels was about 38.02% at pH 1.2 and 84.19% at pH 6.8 after 6 h and 12 h, respectively. 24096158 5 25 theme release 828:834 arg1 rate 836:839 the release rate 824:839 the release rate of 5-FU from the functionalized KGM/SA using GO 824:887 Therefore, the release rate of 5-FU from the functionalized KGM/SA using GO could be effectively controlled, Go has a great potential to be a promising drug-binding effector for hydrogel functionalization in drug delivery. 24096158 2 26 theme scanning 519:526 arg1 SEM 549:551 SEM 549:551 SEM 549:551 The hydrogels were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 24096158 2 26 theme scanning 519:526 arg1 microscopy 537:546 scanning electron microscopy 519:546 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 519:552 The hydrogels were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 24096158 5 27 theme drug-binding 965:976 arg1 effector 978:985 a promising drug-binding effector 953:985 a promising drug-binding effector for hydrogel functionalization in drug delivery 953:1033 Therefore, the release rate of 5-FU from the functionalized KGM/SA using GO could be effectively controlled, Go has a great potential to be a promising drug-binding effector for hydrogel functionalization in drug delivery. 24096158 1 28 theme drugs 206:210 arg1 release 195:201 the controlled release 180:201 the controlled release of drugs 180:210 In order to find new composite materials for the controlled release of drugs, a series of novel pH sensitive konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate (KGM/SA) and KGM/SA/graphene oxide (KGM/SA/GO) hydrogels were prepared, using GO as a drug-binding effector for anticancer drug loading and release. 24096158 0 29 theme drug 33:36 arg1 release 11:17 release 11:17 release of anticancer drug using graphene oxide as a drug-binding effector in konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate hydrogels 11:132 Controlled release of anticancer drug using graphene oxide as a drug-binding effector in konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate hydrogels. 24096158 1 30 theme drug-binding 365:376 arg1 effector 378:385 a drug-binding effector 363:385 a drug-binding effector for anticancer drug loading and release 363:425 In order to find new composite materials for the controlled release of drugs, a series of novel pH sensitive konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate (KGM/SA) and KGM/SA/graphene oxide (KGM/SA/GO) hydrogels were prepared, using GO as a drug-binding effector for anticancer drug loading and release. 24096158 1 30 theme drug-binding 365:376 arg1 GO 357:358 GO 357:358 GO 357:358 In order to find new composite materials for the controlled release of drugs, a series of novel pH sensitive konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate (KGM/SA) and KGM/SA/graphene oxide (KGM/SA/GO) hydrogels were prepared, using GO as a drug-binding effector for anticancer drug loading and release. 24096158 3 31 theme component 570:578 arg1 ratio 580:584 component ratio 570:584 component ratio 570:584 The effects of component ratio and pH on the swelling properties of hydrogels were studied. 24096158 4 32 from pH 772:773 arg1 amount 659:664 The release amount 647:664 The release amount of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) incorporated into KGM/SA/GO-3 hydrogels 647:729 The release amount of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) incorporated into KGM/SA/GO-3 hydrogels was about 38.02% at pH 1.2 and 84.19% at pH 6.8 after 6 h and 12 h, respectively. 24096158 4 32 from pH 772:773 arg1 % 767:767 84.19% 762:767 84.19% at pH 6.8 762:777 The release amount of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) incorporated into KGM/SA/GO-3 hydrogels was about 38.02% at pH 1.2 and 84.19% at pH 6.8 after 6 h and 12 h, respectively. 24096158 4 32 from pH 772:773 arg1 5-fluorouracil 669:682 5-fluorouracil 669:682 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 669:689 The release amount of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) incorporated into KGM/SA/GO-3 hydrogels was about 38.02% at pH 1.2 and 84.19% at pH 6.8 after 6 h and 12 h, respectively. 24096158 4 32 from pH 772:773 arg1 % 746:746 about 38.02% 735:746 about 38.02% at pH 1.2 735:756 The release amount of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) incorporated into KGM/SA/GO-3 hydrogels was about 38.02% at pH 1.2 and 84.19% at pH 6.8 after 6 h and 12 h, respectively. 24096158 5 33 theme promising 955:963 arg1 effector 978:985 a promising drug-binding effector 953:985 a promising drug-binding effector for hydrogel functionalization in drug delivery 953:1033 Therefore, the release rate of 5-FU from the functionalized KGM/SA using GO could be effectively controlled, Go has a great potential to be a promising drug-binding effector for hydrogel functionalization in drug delivery. 24096158 1 34 theme KGM/SA/graphene 292:306 arg1 KGM/SA/GO 315:323 KGM/SA/GO 315:323 KGM/SA/GO 315:323 In order to find new composite materials for the controlled release of drugs, a series of novel pH sensitive konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate (KGM/SA) and KGM/SA/graphene oxide (KGM/SA/GO) hydrogels were prepared, using GO as a drug-binding effector for anticancer drug loading and release. 24096158 1 34 theme KGM/SA/graphene 292:306 arg1 oxide 308:312 KGM/SA/graphene oxide 292:312 KGM/SA/graphene oxide (KGM/SA/GO) 292:324 In order to find new composite materials for the controlled release of drugs, a series of novel pH sensitive konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate (KGM/SA) and KGM/SA/graphene oxide (KGM/SA/GO) hydrogels were prepared, using GO as a drug-binding effector for anticancer drug loading and release. 24096158 2 35 dep transform 475:483 arg1 infrared 485:492 infrared 485:492 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 475:552 The hydrogels were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 24096158 3 36 theme swelling 600:607 arg1 properties 609:618 the swelling properties 596:618 the swelling properties of hydrogels 596:631 The effects of component ratio and pH on the swelling properties of hydrogels were studied. 24096158 0 37 theme graphene 44:51 arg1 effector 77:84 a drug-binding effector 62:84 a drug-binding effector in konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate hydrogels 62:132 Controlled release of anticancer drug using graphene oxide as a drug-binding effector in konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate hydrogels. 24096158 0 37 theme graphene 44:51 arg1 oxide 53:57 graphene oxide 44:57 graphene oxide 44:57 Controlled release of anticancer drug using graphene oxide as a drug-binding effector in konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate hydrogels. 24096158 1 38 theme oxide 308:312 arg1 series 215:220 a series 213:220 a series of novel pH sensitive konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate (KGM/SA) and KGM/SA/graphene oxide (KGM/SA/GO) hydrogels 213:334 In order to find new composite materials for the controlled release of drugs, a series of novel pH sensitive konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate (KGM/SA) and KGM/SA/graphene oxide (KGM/SA/GO) hydrogels were prepared, using GO as a drug-binding effector for anticancer drug loading and release. 24096158 2 39 dep Fourier 467:473 arg1 transform 475:483 transform 475:483 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 475:552 The hydrogels were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 24096158 5 40 theme great 931:935 arg1 potential 937:945 a great potential 929:945 a great potential to be a promising drug-binding effector for hydrogel functionalization in drug delivery 929:1033 Therefore, the release rate of 5-FU from the functionalized KGM/SA using GO could be effectively controlled, Go has a great potential to be a promising drug-binding effector for hydrogel functionalization in drug delivery. 24096158 4 41 theme 5-fluorouracil 669:682 arg1 amount 659:664 The release amount 647:664 The release amount of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) incorporated into KGM/SA/GO-3 hydrogels 647:729 The release amount of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) incorporated into KGM/SA/GO-3 hydrogels was about 38.02% at pH 1.2 and 84.19% at pH 6.8 after 6 h and 12 h, respectively. 24096158 4 41 theme 5-fluorouracil 669:682 arg1 5-FU 685:688 5-FU 685:688 5-FU 685:688 The release amount of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) incorporated into KGM/SA/GO-3 hydrogels was about 38.02% at pH 1.2 and 84.19% at pH 6.8 after 6 h and 12 h, respectively. 24096158 4 41 theme 5-fluorouracil 669:682 arg1 5-fluorouracil 669:682 5-fluorouracil 669:682 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 669:689 The release amount of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) incorporated into KGM/SA/GO-3 hydrogels was about 38.02% at pH 1.2 and 84.19% at pH 6.8 after 6 h and 12 h, respectively. 24096158 4 41 theme 5-fluorouracil 669:682 arg1 % 746:746 about 38.02% 735:746 about 38.02% at pH 1.2 735:756 The release amount of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) incorporated into KGM/SA/GO-3 hydrogels was about 38.02% at pH 1.2 and 84.19% at pH 6.8 after 6 h and 12 h, respectively. 24096158 1 42 theme anticancer 391:400 arg1 loading 407:413 anticancer drug loading 391:413 anticancer drug loading 391:413 In order to find new composite materials for the controlled release of drugs, a series of novel pH sensitive konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate (KGM/SA) and KGM/SA/graphene oxide (KGM/SA/GO) hydrogels were prepared, using GO as a drug-binding effector for anticancer drug loading and release. 24096158 3 43 theme pH 590:591 arg1 effects 559:565 The effects 555:565 The effects of component ratio and pH on the swelling properties of hydrogels 555:631 The effects of component ratio and pH on the swelling properties of hydrogels were studied. 24096158 1 44 theme drug 402:405 arg1 loading 407:413 anticancer drug loading 391:413 anticancer drug loading 391:413 In order to find new composite materials for the controlled release of drugs, a series of novel pH sensitive konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate (KGM/SA) and KGM/SA/graphene oxide (KGM/SA/GO) hydrogels were prepared, using GO as a drug-binding effector for anticancer drug loading and release. 24096158 5 45 contain has 925:927 arg2 potential 937:945 a great potential 929:945 a great potential to be a promising drug-binding effector for hydrogel functionalization in drug delivery 929:1033 Therefore, the release rate of 5-FU from the functionalized KGM/SA using GO could be effectively controlled, Go has a great potential to be a promising drug-binding effector for hydrogel functionalization in drug delivery. 24096158 5 45 contain has 925:927 arg1 Go 922:923 Go 922:923 Go 922:923 Therefore, the release rate of 5-FU from the functionalized KGM/SA using GO could be effectively controlled, Go has a great potential to be a promising drug-binding effector for hydrogel functionalization in drug delivery. 24096158 3 46 theme ratio 580:584 arg1 effects 559:565 The effects 555:565 The effects of component ratio and pH on the swelling properties of hydrogels 555:631 The effects of component ratio and pH on the swelling properties of hydrogels were studied. 24096158 4 47 theme release 651:657 arg1 amount 659:664 The release amount 647:664 The release amount of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) incorporated into KGM/SA/GO-3 hydrogels 647:729 The release amount of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) incorporated into KGM/SA/GO-3 hydrogels was about 38.02% at pH 1.2 and 84.19% at pH 6.8 after 6 h and 12 h, respectively. 24096158 4 47 theme release 651:657 arg1 5-FU 685:688 5-FU 685:688 5-FU 685:688 The release amount of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) incorporated into KGM/SA/GO-3 hydrogels was about 38.02% at pH 1.2 and 84.19% at pH 6.8 after 6 h and 12 h, respectively. 24096158 4 47 theme release 651:657 arg1 5-fluorouracil 669:682 5-fluorouracil 669:682 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 669:689 The release amount of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) incorporated into KGM/SA/GO-3 hydrogels was about 38.02% at pH 1.2 and 84.19% at pH 6.8 after 6 h and 12 h, respectively. 24096158 4 47 theme release 651:657 arg1 % 746:746 about 38.02% 735:746 about 38.02% at pH 1.2 735:756 The release amount of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) incorporated into KGM/SA/GO-3 hydrogels was about 38.02% at pH 1.2 and 84.19% at pH 6.8 after 6 h and 12 h, respectively. 24096158 4 48 from pH 751:752 arg1 amount 659:664 The release amount 647:664 The release amount of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) incorporated into KGM/SA/GO-3 hydrogels 647:729 The release amount of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) incorporated into KGM/SA/GO-3 hydrogels was about 38.02% at pH 1.2 and 84.19% at pH 6.8 after 6 h and 12 h, respectively. 24096158 4 48 from pH 751:752 arg1 % 767:767 84.19% 762:767 84.19% at pH 6.8 762:777 The release amount of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) incorporated into KGM/SA/GO-3 hydrogels was about 38.02% at pH 1.2 and 84.19% at pH 6.8 after 6 h and 12 h, respectively. 24096158 4 48 from pH 751:752 arg1 5-fluorouracil 669:682 5-fluorouracil 669:682 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 669:689 The release amount of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) incorporated into KGM/SA/GO-3 hydrogels was about 38.02% at pH 1.2 and 84.19% at pH 6.8 after 6 h and 12 h, respectively. 24096158 4 48 from pH 751:752 arg1 % 746:746 about 38.02% 735:746 about 38.02% at pH 1.2 735:756 The release amount of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) incorporated into KGM/SA/GO-3 hydrogels was about 38.02% at pH 1.2 and 84.19% at pH 6.8 after 6 h and 12 h, respectively. 24096158 1 49 theme novel 225:229 arg1 KGM/SA 280:285 KGM/SA 280:285 KGM/SA 280:285 In order to find new composite materials for the controlled release of drugs, a series of novel pH sensitive konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate (KGM/SA) and KGM/SA/graphene oxide (KGM/SA/GO) hydrogels were prepared, using GO as a drug-binding effector for anticancer drug loading and release. 24096158 1 49 theme novel 225:229 arg1 alginate 270:277 novel pH sensitive konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate 225:277 novel pH sensitive konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate (KGM/SA) 225:286 In order to find new composite materials for the controlled release of drugs, a series of novel pH sensitive konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate (KGM/SA) and KGM/SA/graphene oxide (KGM/SA/GO) hydrogels were prepared, using GO as a drug-binding effector for anticancer drug loading and release. 25268892 2 0 theme films 535:539 arg1 form 527:530 the form 523:530 the form of films 523:539 This study highlights the evaluation of the physico-chemical properties of synthesized ADA-GEL hydrogels of different compositions compared to alginate in the form of films. 25268892 4 1 theme fibroblasts 768:778 arg1 attachment 725:734 attachment 725:734 attachment 725:734 Viability, attachment, spreading and proliferation of fibroblasts were significantly increased on ADA-GEL hydrogels compared to alginate. 25268892 4 1 theme fibroblasts 768:778 arg1 Viability 714:722 Viability 714:722 Viability 714:722 Viability, attachment, spreading and proliferation of fibroblasts were significantly increased on ADA-GEL hydrogels compared to alginate. 25268892 4 1 theme fibroblasts 768:778 arg1 proliferation 751:763 proliferation 751:763 proliferation 751:763 Viability, attachment, spreading and proliferation of fibroblasts were significantly increased on ADA-GEL hydrogels compared to alginate. 25268892 4 1 theme fibroblasts 768:778 arg1 spreading 737:745 spreading 737:745 spreading 737:745 Viability, attachment, spreading and proliferation of fibroblasts were significantly increased on ADA-GEL hydrogels compared to alginate. 25268892 1 2 theme crosslinked 187:197 arg1 hydrogel 209:216 alginate-gelatin crosslinked (ADA-GEL) hydrogel 170:216 alginate-gelatin crosslinked (ADA-GEL) hydrogel 170:216 Due to the relatively poor cell-material interaction of alginate hydrogel, alginate-gelatin crosslinked (ADA-GEL) hydrogel was synthesized through covalent crosslinking of alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) with gelatin that supported cell attachment, spreading and proliferation. 25268892 0 3 from Evaluation 0:9 arg1 alginate-gelatin 56:71 alginate-gelatin 56:71 alginate-gelatin 56:71 Evaluation of fibroblasts adhesion and proliferation on alginate-gelatin crosslinked hydrogel. 25268892 3 4 theme ADA-GEL 590:596 arg1 hydrogels 598:606 ADA-GEL hydrogels 590:606 ADA-GEL hydrogels of different compositions 590:632 Moreover, in vitro cell-material interaction on ADA-GEL hydrogels of different compositions compared to alginate was investigated by using normal human dermal fibroblasts. 25268892 3 5 theme different 611:619 arg1 compositions 621:632 different compositions 611:632 different compositions 611:632 Moreover, in vitro cell-material interaction on ADA-GEL hydrogels of different compositions compared to alginate was investigated by using normal human dermal fibroblasts. 25268892 2 6 theme properties 429:438 arg1 evaluation 394:403 the evaluation 390:403 the evaluation of the physico-chemical properties of synthesized ADA-GEL hydrogels of different compositions 390:497 This study highlights the evaluation of the physico-chemical properties of synthesized ADA-GEL hydrogels of different compositions compared to alginate in the form of films. 25268892 5 7 theme ADA-GEL 892:898 arg1 hydrogels 900:908 ADA-GEL hydrogels 892:908 ADA-GEL hydrogels 892:908 Moreover, in vitro cytocompatibility of ADA-GEL hydrogels was found to be increased with increasing gelatin content. 25268892 6 8 theme biomedical 1047:1056 arg1 applications 1058:1069 the biomedical applications 1043:1069 the biomedical applications in tissue-engineering and regeneration 1043:1108 These findings indicate that ADA-GEL hydrogel is a promising material for the biomedical applications in tissue-engineering and regeneration. 25268892 5 9 dep in 862:863 arg1 vitro 865:869 vitro 865:869 vitro 865:869 Moreover, in vitro cytocompatibility of ADA-GEL hydrogels was found to be increased with increasing gelatin content. 25268892 3 10 theme compositions 621:632 arg1 hydrogels 598:606 ADA-GEL hydrogels 590:606 ADA-GEL hydrogels of different compositions 590:632 Moreover, in vitro cell-material interaction on ADA-GEL hydrogels of different compositions compared to alginate was investigated by using normal human dermal fibroblasts. 25268892 2 11 theme physico-chemical 412:427 arg1 properties 429:438 the physico-chemical properties 408:438 the physico-chemical properties of synthesized ADA-GEL hydrogels of different compositions 408:497 This study highlights the evaluation of the physico-chemical properties of synthesized ADA-GEL hydrogels of different compositions compared to alginate in the form of films. 25268892 5 12 theme hydrogels 900:908 arg1 cytocompatibility 871:887 in vitro cytocompatibility 862:887 in vitro cytocompatibility of ADA-GEL hydrogels 862:908 Moreover, in vitro cytocompatibility of ADA-GEL hydrogels was found to be increased with increasing gelatin content. 25268892 1 13 dep crosslinked 187:197 arg1 alginate-gelatin 170:185 alginate-gelatin 170:185 alginate-gelatin 170:185 Due to the relatively poor cell-material interaction of alginate hydrogel, alginate-gelatin crosslinked (ADA-GEL) hydrogel was synthesized through covalent crosslinking of alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) with gelatin that supported cell attachment, spreading and proliferation. 25268892 1 13 dep crosslinked 187:197 arg1 ADA-GEL 200:206 ADA-GEL 200:206 ADA-GEL 200:206 Due to the relatively poor cell-material interaction of alginate hydrogel, alginate-gelatin crosslinked (ADA-GEL) hydrogel was synthesized through covalent crosslinking of alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) with gelatin that supported cell attachment, spreading and proliferation. 25268892 2 14 theme compositions 486:497 arg1 hydrogels 463:471 synthesized ADA-GEL hydrogels 443:471 synthesized ADA-GEL hydrogels of different compositions 443:497 This study highlights the evaluation of the physico-chemical properties of synthesized ADA-GEL hydrogels of different compositions compared to alginate in the form of films. 25268892 4 15 theme ADA-GEL 812:818 arg1 hydrogels 820:828 ADA-GEL hydrogels 812:828 ADA-GEL hydrogels 812:828 Viability, attachment, spreading and proliferation of fibroblasts were significantly increased on ADA-GEL hydrogels compared to alginate. 25268892 6 16 from applications 1058:1069 arg1 regeneration 1097:1108 regeneration 1097:1108 regeneration 1097:1108 These findings indicate that ADA-GEL hydrogel is a promising material for the biomedical applications in tissue-engineering and regeneration. 25268892 6 16 from applications 1058:1069 arg1 tissue-engineering 1074:1091 tissue-engineering 1074:1091 tissue-engineering 1074:1091 These findings indicate that ADA-GEL hydrogel is a promising material for the biomedical applications in tissue-engineering and regeneration. 25268892 0 17 theme fibroblasts 14:24 arg1 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation of fibroblasts adhesion and proliferation on alginate-gelatin 0:71 Evaluation of fibroblasts adhesion and proliferation on alginate-gelatin crosslinked hydrogel. 25268892 1 18 link crosslinked 187:197 arg1 hydrogel 209:216 alginate-gelatin crosslinked (ADA-GEL) hydrogel 170:216 alginate-gelatin crosslinked (ADA-GEL) hydrogel 170:216 Due to the relatively poor cell-material interaction of alginate hydrogel, alginate-gelatin crosslinked (ADA-GEL) hydrogel was synthesized through covalent crosslinking of alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) with gelatin that supported cell attachment, spreading and proliferation. 25268892 1 19 theme poor 117:120 arg1 interaction 136:146 the relatively poor cell-material interaction 102:146 the relatively poor cell-material interaction of alginate hydrogel 102:167 Due to the relatively poor cell-material interaction of alginate hydrogel, alginate-gelatin crosslinked (ADA-GEL) hydrogel was synthesized through covalent crosslinking of alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) with gelatin that supported cell attachment, spreading and proliferation. 25268892 2 20 theme hydrogels 463:471 arg1 properties 429:438 the physico-chemical properties 408:438 the physico-chemical properties of synthesized ADA-GEL hydrogels of different compositions 408:497 This study highlights the evaluation of the physico-chemical properties of synthesized ADA-GEL hydrogels of different compositions compared to alginate in the form of films. 25268892 5 21 theme in 862:863 arg1 cytocompatibility 871:887 in vitro cytocompatibility 862:887 in vitro cytocompatibility of ADA-GEL hydrogels 862:908 Moreover, in vitro cytocompatibility of ADA-GEL hydrogels was found to be increased with increasing gelatin content. 25268892 1 22 theme cell 322:325 arg1 attachment 327:336 cell attachment 322:336 cell attachment 322:336 Due to the relatively poor cell-material interaction of alginate hydrogel, alginate-gelatin crosslinked (ADA-GEL) hydrogel was synthesized through covalent crosslinking of alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) with gelatin that supported cell attachment, spreading and proliferation. 25268892 2 23 theme ADA-GEL 455:461 arg1 hydrogels 463:471 synthesized ADA-GEL hydrogels 443:471 synthesized ADA-GEL hydrogels of different compositions 443:497 This study highlights the evaluation of the physico-chemical properties of synthesized ADA-GEL hydrogels of different compositions compared to alginate in the form of films. 25268892 3 24 theme human 688:692 arg1 fibroblasts 701:711 normal human dermal fibroblasts 681:711 normal human dermal fibroblasts 681:711 Moreover, in vitro cell-material interaction on ADA-GEL hydrogels of different compositions compared to alginate was investigated by using normal human dermal fibroblasts. 25268892 3 25 theme dermal 694:699 arg1 fibroblasts 701:711 normal human dermal fibroblasts 681:711 normal human dermal fibroblasts 681:711 Moreover, in vitro cell-material interaction on ADA-GEL hydrogels of different compositions compared to alginate was investigated by using normal human dermal fibroblasts. 25268892 1 26 theme covalent 242:249 arg1 crosslinking 251:262 covalent crosslinking 242:262 covalent crosslinking of alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) with gelatin that supported cell attachment, spreading and proliferation 242:365 Due to the relatively poor cell-material interaction of alginate hydrogel, alginate-gelatin crosslinked (ADA-GEL) hydrogel was synthesized through covalent crosslinking of alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) with gelatin that supported cell attachment, spreading and proliferation. 25268892 1 27 theme cell-material 122:134 arg1 interaction 136:146 the relatively poor cell-material interaction 102:146 the relatively poor cell-material interaction of alginate hydrogel 102:167 Due to the relatively poor cell-material interaction of alginate hydrogel, alginate-gelatin crosslinked (ADA-GEL) hydrogel was synthesized through covalent crosslinking of alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) with gelatin that supported cell attachment, spreading and proliferation. 25268892 6 28 theme ADA-GEL 998:1004 arg1 hydrogel 1006:1013 ADA-GEL hydrogel 998:1013 ADA-GEL hydrogel 998:1013 These findings indicate that ADA-GEL hydrogel is a promising material for the biomedical applications in tissue-engineering and regeneration. 25268892 6 28 theme ADA-GEL 998:1004 arg1 material 1030:1037 a promising material 1018:1037 a promising material for the biomedical applications in tissue-engineering and regeneration 1018:1108 These findings indicate that ADA-GEL hydrogel is a promising material for the biomedical applications in tissue-engineering and regeneration. 25268892 3 29 theme in 552:553 arg1 interaction 575:585 in vitro cell-material interaction 552:585 in vitro cell-material interaction on ADA-GEL hydrogels of different compositions compared to alginate 552:653 Moreover, in vitro cell-material interaction on ADA-GEL hydrogels of different compositions compared to alginate was investigated by using normal human dermal fibroblasts. 25268892 3 30 dep in 552:553 arg1 vitro 555:559 vitro 555:559 vitro 555:559 Moreover, in vitro cell-material interaction on ADA-GEL hydrogels of different compositions compared to alginate was investigated by using normal human dermal fibroblasts. 25268892 3 30 dep in 552:553 arg1 cell-material 561:573 cell-material 561:573 cell-material 561:573 Moreover, in vitro cell-material interaction on ADA-GEL hydrogels of different compositions compared to alginate was investigated by using normal human dermal fibroblasts. 25268892 6 31 theme promising 1020:1028 arg1 hydrogel 1006:1013 ADA-GEL hydrogel 998:1013 ADA-GEL hydrogel 998:1013 These findings indicate that ADA-GEL hydrogel is a promising material for the biomedical applications in tissue-engineering and regeneration. 25268892 6 31 theme promising 1020:1028 arg1 material 1030:1037 a promising material 1018:1037 a promising material for the biomedical applications in tissue-engineering and regeneration 1018:1108 These findings indicate that ADA-GEL hydrogel is a promising material for the biomedical applications in tissue-engineering and regeneration. 25268892 3 32 theme normal 681:686 arg1 fibroblasts 701:711 normal human dermal fibroblasts 681:711 normal human dermal fibroblasts 681:711 Moreover, in vitro cell-material interaction on ADA-GEL hydrogels of different compositions compared to alginate was investigated by using normal human dermal fibroblasts. 25268892 0 33 dep fibroblasts 14:24 arg1 fibroblasts 14:24 fibroblasts adhesion and proliferation 14:51 fibroblasts adhesion and proliferation 14:51 Evaluation of fibroblasts adhesion and proliferation on alginate-gelatin crosslinked hydrogel. 25268892 0 33 dep fibroblasts 14:24 arg1 proliferation 39:51 proliferation 39:51 proliferation 39:51 Evaluation of fibroblasts adhesion and proliferation on alginate-gelatin crosslinked hydrogel. 25268892 0 33 dep fibroblasts 14:24 arg1 adhesion 26:33 adhesion 26:33 adhesion 26:33 Evaluation of fibroblasts adhesion and proliferation on alginate-gelatin crosslinked hydrogel. 25268892 1 34 theme alginate 151:158 arg1 hydrogel 160:167 alginate hydrogel 151:167 alginate hydrogel 151:167 Due to the relatively poor cell-material interaction of alginate hydrogel, alginate-gelatin crosslinked (ADA-GEL) hydrogel was synthesized through covalent crosslinking of alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) with gelatin that supported cell attachment, spreading and proliferation. 25268892 2 35 theme synthesized 443:453 arg1 hydrogels 463:471 synthesized ADA-GEL hydrogels 443:471 synthesized ADA-GEL hydrogels of different compositions 443:497 This study highlights the evaluation of the physico-chemical properties of synthesized ADA-GEL hydrogels of different compositions compared to alginate in the form of films. 25268892 1 36 theme hydrogel 160:167 arg1 interaction 136:146 the relatively poor cell-material interaction 102:146 the relatively poor cell-material interaction of alginate hydrogel 102:167 Due to the relatively poor cell-material interaction of alginate hydrogel, alginate-gelatin crosslinked (ADA-GEL) hydrogel was synthesized through covalent crosslinking of alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) with gelatin that supported cell attachment, spreading and proliferation. 25268892 5 37 theme gelatin 952:958 arg1 content 960:966 gelatin content 952:966 gelatin content 952:966 Moreover, in vitro cytocompatibility of ADA-GEL hydrogels was found to be increased with increasing gelatin content. 25268892 1 38 theme alginate 267:274 arg1 ADA 289:291 ADA 289:291 ADA 289:291 Due to the relatively poor cell-material interaction of alginate hydrogel, alginate-gelatin crosslinked (ADA-GEL) hydrogel was synthesized through covalent crosslinking of alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) with gelatin that supported cell attachment, spreading and proliferation. 25268892 1 38 theme alginate 267:274 arg1 di-aldehyde 276:286 alginate di-aldehyde 267:286 alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) 267:292 Due to the relatively poor cell-material interaction of alginate hydrogel, alginate-gelatin crosslinked (ADA-GEL) hydrogel was synthesized through covalent crosslinking of alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) with gelatin that supported cell attachment, spreading and proliferation. 25268892 2 39 theme different 476:484 arg1 compositions 486:497 different compositions 476:497 different compositions 476:497 This study highlights the evaluation of the physico-chemical properties of synthesized ADA-GEL hydrogels of different compositions compared to alginate in the form of films. 25268892 1 40 with crosslinking 251:262 arg1 gelatin 299:305 gelatin 299:305 gelatin that supported cell attachment, spreading and proliferation 299:365 Due to the relatively poor cell-material interaction of alginate hydrogel, alginate-gelatin crosslinked (ADA-GEL) hydrogel was synthesized through covalent crosslinking of alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) with gelatin that supported cell attachment, spreading and proliferation. 25268892 3 41 from interaction 575:585 arg1 hydrogels 598:606 ADA-GEL hydrogels 590:606 ADA-GEL hydrogels of different compositions 590:632 Moreover, in vitro cell-material interaction on ADA-GEL hydrogels of different compositions compared to alginate was investigated by using normal human dermal fibroblasts. 25268892 1 42 theme di-aldehyde 276:286 arg1 crosslinking 251:262 covalent crosslinking 242:262 covalent crosslinking of alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) with gelatin that supported cell attachment, spreading and proliferation 242:365 Due to the relatively poor cell-material interaction of alginate hydrogel, alginate-gelatin crosslinked (ADA-GEL) hydrogel was synthesized through covalent crosslinking of alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) with gelatin that supported cell attachment, spreading and proliferation. 24446701 4 0 theme acyl 848:851 arg1 chain 853:857 acyl chain C-O 848:861 acyl chain C-O 848:861 UVPD afforded the widest array of fragment ion types including acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages and glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages, thus providing the most comprehensive structural analysis of the lipid A. UVPD exhibited virtually no dependence on precursor ion charge state and was best at determining lipid A structure including acyl chain length and composition, giving it an advantage over collision based methods. 24446701 4 1 theme lipid 1002:1006 arg1 UVPD 1011:1014 the lipid A. UVPD 998:1014 the lipid A. UVPD 998:1014 UVPD afforded the widest array of fragment ion types including acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages and glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages, thus providing the most comprehensive structural analysis of the lipid A. UVPD exhibited virtually no dependence on precursor ion charge state and was best at determining lipid A structure including acyl chain length and composition, giving it an advantage over collision based methods. 24446701 4 2 theme C-O 859:861 arg1 chain 853:857 acyl chain C-O 848:861 acyl chain C-O 848:861 UVPD afforded the widest array of fragment ion types including acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages and glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages, thus providing the most comprehensive structural analysis of the lipid A. UVPD exhibited virtually no dependence on precursor ion charge state and was best at determining lipid A structure including acyl chain length and composition, giving it an advantage over collision based methods. 24446701 4 3 theme UVPD 1011:1014 arg1 analysis 986:993 the most comprehensive structural analysis 952:993 the most comprehensive structural analysis of the lipid A. UVPD 952:1014 UVPD afforded the widest array of fragment ion types including acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages and glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages, thus providing the most comprehensive structural analysis of the lipid A. UVPD exhibited virtually no dependence on precursor ion charge state and was best at determining lipid A structure including acyl chain length and composition, giving it an advantage over collision based methods. 24446701 3 4 theme collision 712:720 arg1 HCD 736:738 HCD 736:738 HCD 736:738 The fragment ions generated by UVPD were compared to those from collision induced dissociation (CID) and higher energy collision dissociation (HCD) with respect to the precursor charge state. 24446701 3 4 theme collision 712:720 arg1 dissociation 722:733 higher energy collision dissociation 698:733 higher energy collision dissociation (HCD) 698:739 The fragment ions generated by UVPD were compared to those from collision induced dissociation (CID) and higher energy collision dissociation (HCD) with respect to the precursor charge state. 24446701 5 5 theme A 1401:1401 arg1 mixture 1340:1346 a complex mixture 1330:1346 a complex mixture of combinatorially engineered Escherichia coli lipid A 1330:1401 UVPD was incorporated into an LC-MS/MS methodology for the analysis of a number of structural variants in a complex mixture of combinatorially engineered Escherichia coli lipid A. 24446701 4 6 theme fragment 819:826 arg1 cleavages 926:934 glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages 896:934 glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages 896:934 UVPD afforded the widest array of fragment ion types including acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages and glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages, thus providing the most comprehensive structural analysis of the lipid A. UVPD exhibited virtually no dependence on precursor ion charge state and was best at determining lipid A structure including acyl chain length and composition, giving it an advantage over collision based methods. 24446701 4 6 theme fragment 819:826 arg1 types 832:836 fragment ion types 819:836 fragment ion types including acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages and glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages 819:934 UVPD afforded the widest array of fragment ion types including acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages and glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages, thus providing the most comprehensive structural analysis of the lipid A. UVPD exhibited virtually no dependence on precursor ion charge state and was best at determining lipid A structure including acyl chain length and composition, giving it an advantage over collision based methods. 24446701 4 6 theme fragment 819:826 arg1 cleavages 882:890 acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages 848:890 acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages 848:890 UVPD afforded the widest array of fragment ion types including acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages and glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages, thus providing the most comprehensive structural analysis of the lipid A. UVPD exhibited virtually no dependence on precursor ion charge state and was best at determining lipid A structure including acyl chain length and composition, giving it an advantage over collision based methods. 24446701 3 7 theme higher 698:703 arg1 HCD 736:738 HCD 736:738 HCD 736:738 The fragment ions generated by UVPD were compared to those from collision induced dissociation (CID) and higher energy collision dissociation (HCD) with respect to the precursor charge state. 24446701 3 7 theme higher 698:703 arg1 dissociation 722:733 higher energy collision dissociation 698:733 higher energy collision dissociation (HCD) 698:739 The fragment ions generated by UVPD were compared to those from collision induced dissociation (CID) and higher energy collision dissociation (HCD) with respect to the precursor charge state. 24446701 4 8 theme types 832:836 arg1 array 810:814 the widest array 799:814 the widest array of fragment ion types including acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages and glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages 799:934 UVPD afforded the widest array of fragment ion types including acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages and glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages, thus providing the most comprehensive structural analysis of the lipid A. UVPD exhibited virtually no dependence on precursor ion charge state and was best at determining lipid A structure including acyl chain length and composition, giving it an advantage over collision based methods. 24446701 5 9 theme engineered 1367:1376 arg1 A 1401:1401 combinatorially engineered Escherichia coli lipid A 1351:1401 combinatorially engineered Escherichia coli lipid A 1351:1401 UVPD was incorporated into an LC-MS/MS methodology for the analysis of a number of structural variants in a complex mixture of combinatorially engineered Escherichia coli lipid A. 24446701 4 10 theme bond 877:880 arg1 cleavages 882:890 acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages 848:890 acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages 848:890 UVPD afforded the widest array of fragment ion types including acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages and glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages, thus providing the most comprehensive structural analysis of the lipid A. UVPD exhibited virtually no dependence on precursor ion charge state and was best at determining lipid A structure including acyl chain length and composition, giving it an advantage over collision based methods. 24446701 4 11 theme precursor 1053:1061 arg1 state 1074:1078 precursor ion charge state 1053:1078 precursor ion charge state 1053:1078 UVPD afforded the widest array of fragment ion types including acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages and glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages, thus providing the most comprehensive structural analysis of the lipid A. UVPD exhibited virtually no dependence on precursor ion charge state and was best at determining lipid A structure including acyl chain length and composition, giving it an advantage over collision based methods. 24446701 1 12 theme liquid 196:201 arg1 MS/MS 245:249 MS/MS 245:249 MS/MS 245:249 Here we implement ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) in an online liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) strategy to support analysis of complex mixtures of lipid A combinatorially modified during development of vaccine adjuvants. 24446701 1 12 theme liquid 196:201 arg1 spectrometry 231:242 liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry 196:242 an online liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) strategy to support analysis of complex mixtures of lipid A combinatorially modified during development of vaccine adjuvants 186:375 Here we implement ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) in an online liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) strategy to support analysis of complex mixtures of lipid A combinatorially modified during development of vaccine adjuvants. 24446701 4 13 theme charge 1067:1072 arg1 state 1074:1078 precursor ion charge state 1053:1078 precursor ion charge state 1053:1078 UVPD afforded the widest array of fragment ion types including acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages and glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages, thus providing the most comprehensive structural analysis of the lipid A. UVPD exhibited virtually no dependence on precursor ion charge state and was best at determining lipid A structure including acyl chain length and composition, giving it an advantage over collision based methods. 24446701 3 14 theme fragment 597:604 arg1 ions 606:609 The fragment ions 593:609 The fragment ions generated by UVPD 593:627 The fragment ions generated by UVPD were compared to those from collision induced dissociation (CID) and higher energy collision dissociation (HCD) with respect to the precursor charge state. 24446701 4 15 dep afforded 790:797 arg1 determining 1096:1106 determining 1096:1106 determining lipid A structure including acyl chain length and composition 1096:1168 UVPD afforded the widest array of fragment ion types including acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages and glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages, thus providing the most comprehensive structural analysis of the lipid A. UVPD exhibited virtually no dependence on precursor ion charge state and was best at determining lipid A structure including acyl chain length and composition, giving it an advantage over collision based methods. 24446701 4 15 dep afforded 790:797 arg1 exhibited 1016:1024 exhibited 1016:1024 exhibited virtually no dependence on precursor ion charge state 1016:1078 UVPD afforded the widest array of fragment ion types including acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages and glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages, thus providing the most comprehensive structural analysis of the lipid A. UVPD exhibited virtually no dependence on precursor ion charge state and was best at determining lipid A structure including acyl chain length and composition, giving it an advantage over collision based methods. 24446701 2 16 theme mass 574:577 arg1 spectrometer 579:590 an Orbitrap mass spectrometer 562:590 an Orbitrap mass spectrometer 562:590 UVPD mass spectrometry at 193 nm was utilized to characterize the structures and fragment ion types of lipid A from Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using an Orbitrap mass spectrometer. 24446701 4 17 from dependence 1039:1048 arg1 state 1074:1078 precursor ion charge state 1053:1078 precursor ion charge state 1053:1078 UVPD afforded the widest array of fragment ion types including acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages and glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages, thus providing the most comprehensive structural analysis of the lipid A. UVPD exhibited virtually no dependence on precursor ion charge state and was best at determining lipid A structure including acyl chain length and composition, giving it an advantage over collision based methods. 24446701 2 18 from coli 506:509 arg1 structures 444:453 structures 444:453 structures 444:453 UVPD mass spectrometry at 193 nm was utilized to characterize the structures and fragment ion types of lipid A from Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using an Orbitrap mass spectrometer. 24446701 2 18 from coli 506:509 arg1 types 472:476 fragment ion types 459:476 fragment ion types 459:476 UVPD mass spectrometry at 193 nm was utilized to characterize the structures and fragment ion types of lipid A from Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using an Orbitrap mass spectrometer. 24446701 4 19 theme chain 1141:1145 arg1 length 1147:1152 acyl chain length 1136:1152 acyl chain length 1136:1152 UVPD afforded the widest array of fragment ion types including acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages and glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages, thus providing the most comprehensive structural analysis of the lipid A. UVPD exhibited virtually no dependence on precursor ion charge state and was best at determining lipid A structure including acyl chain length and composition, giving it an advantage over collision based methods. 24446701 3 20 theme charge 771:776 arg1 state 778:782 the precursor charge state 757:782 the precursor charge state 757:782 The fragment ions generated by UVPD were compared to those from collision induced dissociation (CID) and higher energy collision dissociation (HCD) with respect to the precursor charge state. 24446701 0 21 theme structural 63:72 arg1 elucidation 74:84 the structural elucidation 59:84 the structural elucidation of lipid A compounds in complex mixtures 59:125 193 nm ultraviolet photodissociation mass spectrometry for the structural elucidation of lipid A compounds in complex mixtures. 24446701 1 22 theme ultraviolet 146:156 arg1 UVPD 177:180 UVPD 177:180 UVPD 177:180 Here we implement ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) in an online liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) strategy to support analysis of complex mixtures of lipid A combinatorially modified during development of vaccine adjuvants. 24446701 1 22 theme ultraviolet 146:156 arg1 photodissociation 158:174 ultraviolet photodissociation 146:174 ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) 146:181 Here we implement ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) in an online liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) strategy to support analysis of complex mixtures of lipid A combinatorially modified during development of vaccine adjuvants. 24446701 5 23 dep engineered 1367:1376 arg1 Escherichia 1378:1388 Escherichia 1378:1388 Escherichia 1378:1388 UVPD was incorporated into an LC-MS/MS methodology for the analysis of a number of structural variants in a complex mixture of combinatorially engineered Escherichia coli lipid A. 24446701 2 24 theme A 487:487 arg1 structures 444:453 structures 444:453 structures 444:453 UVPD mass spectrometry at 193 nm was utilized to characterize the structures and fragment ion types of lipid A from Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using an Orbitrap mass spectrometer. 24446701 2 24 theme A 487:487 arg1 types 472:476 fragment ion types 459:476 fragment ion types 459:476 UVPD mass spectrometry at 193 nm was utilized to characterize the structures and fragment ion types of lipid A from Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using an Orbitrap mass spectrometer. 24446701 4 25 theme A 1114:1114 arg1 structure 1116:1124 lipid A structure 1108:1124 lipid A structure including acyl chain length and composition 1108:1168 UVPD afforded the widest array of fragment ion types including acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages and glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages, thus providing the most comprehensive structural analysis of the lipid A. UVPD exhibited virtually no dependence on precursor ion charge state and was best at determining lipid A structure including acyl chain length and composition, giving it an advantage over collision based methods. 24446701 4 26 theme C-O 907:909 arg1 cleavages 926:934 glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages 896:934 glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages 896:934 UVPD afforded the widest array of fragment ion types including acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages and glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages, thus providing the most comprehensive structural analysis of the lipid A. UVPD exhibited virtually no dependence on precursor ion charge state and was best at determining lipid A structure including acyl chain length and composition, giving it an advantage over collision based methods. 24446701 0 27 theme A 95:95 arg1 compounds 97:105 lipid A compounds 89:105 lipid A compounds 89:105 193 nm ultraviolet photodissociation mass spectrometry for the structural elucidation of lipid A compounds in complex mixtures. 24446701 1 28 theme vaccine 359:365 arg1 adjuvants 367:375 vaccine adjuvants 359:375 vaccine adjuvants 359:375 Here we implement ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) in an online liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) strategy to support analysis of complex mixtures of lipid A combinatorially modified during development of vaccine adjuvants. 24446701 4 29 theme cross 915:919 arg1 cleavages 926:934 glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages 896:934 glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages 896:934 UVPD afforded the widest array of fragment ion types including acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages and glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages, thus providing the most comprehensive structural analysis of the lipid A. UVPD exhibited virtually no dependence on precursor ion charge state and was best at determining lipid A structure including acyl chain length and composition, giving it an advantage over collision based methods. 24446701 5 30 from variants 1318:1325 arg1 mixture 1340:1346 a complex mixture 1330:1346 a complex mixture of combinatorially engineered Escherichia coli lipid A 1330:1401 UVPD was incorporated into an LC-MS/MS methodology for the analysis of a number of structural variants in a complex mixture of combinatorially engineered Escherichia coli lipid A. 24446701 0 31 theme 193 0:2 arg1 nm 4:5 nm 4:5 nm 4:5 193 nm ultraviolet photodissociation mass spectrometry for the structural elucidation of lipid A compounds in complex mixtures. 24446701 2 32 dep structures 444:453 arg1 the 440:442 the 440:442 the 440:442 UVPD mass spectrometry at 193 nm was utilized to characterize the structures and fragment ion types of lipid A from Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using an Orbitrap mass spectrometer. 24446701 5 33 theme LC-MS/MS 1254:1261 arg1 methodology 1263:1273 an LC-MS/MS methodology 1251:1273 an LC-MS/MS methodology for the analysis of a number of structural variants in a complex mixture of combinatorially engineered Escherichia coli lipid A 1251:1401 UVPD was incorporated into an LC-MS/MS methodology for the analysis of a number of structural variants in a complex mixture of combinatorially engineered Escherichia coli lipid A. 24446701 0 34 theme ultraviolet 7:17 arg1 spectrometry 42:53 193 nm ultraviolet photodissociation mass spectrometry 0:53 193 nm ultraviolet photodissociation mass spectrometry for the structural elucidation of lipid A compounds in complex mixtures 0:125 193 nm ultraviolet photodissociation mass spectrometry for the structural elucidation of lipid A compounds in complex mixtures. 24446701 1 35 theme complex 284:290 arg1 mixtures 292:299 complex mixtures 284:299 complex mixtures of lipid A combinatorially modified during development of vaccine adjuvants 284:375 Here we implement ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) in an online liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) strategy to support analysis of complex mixtures of lipid A combinatorially modified during development of vaccine adjuvants. 24446701 5 36 from mixture 1340:1346 arg1 number 1297:1302 a number 1295:1302 a number of structural variants in a complex mixture of combinatorially engineered Escherichia coli lipid A 1295:1401 UVPD was incorporated into an LC-MS/MS methodology for the analysis of a number of structural variants in a complex mixture of combinatorially engineered Escherichia coli lipid A. 24446701 0 37 theme mass 37:40 arg1 spectrometry 42:53 193 nm ultraviolet photodissociation mass spectrometry 0:53 193 nm ultraviolet photodissociation mass spectrometry for the structural elucidation of lipid A compounds in complex mixtures 0:125 193 nm ultraviolet photodissociation mass spectrometry for the structural elucidation of lipid A compounds in complex mixtures. 24446701 4 38 theme comprehensive 961:973 arg1 analysis 986:993 the most comprehensive structural analysis 952:993 the most comprehensive structural analysis of the lipid A. UVPD 952:1014 UVPD afforded the widest array of fragment ion types including acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages and glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages, thus providing the most comprehensive structural analysis of the lipid A. UVPD exhibited virtually no dependence on precursor ion charge state and was best at determining lipid A structure including acyl chain length and composition, giving it an advantage over collision based methods. 24446701 1 39 theme A 310:310 arg1 mixtures 292:299 complex mixtures 284:299 complex mixtures of lipid A combinatorially modified during development of vaccine adjuvants 284:375 Here we implement ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) in an online liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) strategy to support analysis of complex mixtures of lipid A combinatorially modified during development of vaccine adjuvants. 24446701 4 40 theme no 1036:1037 arg1 dependence 1039:1048 virtually no dependence 1026:1048 virtually no dependence on precursor ion charge state 1026:1078 UVPD afforded the widest array of fragment ion types including acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages and glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages, thus providing the most comprehensive structural analysis of the lipid A. UVPD exhibited virtually no dependence on precursor ion charge state and was best at determining lipid A structure including acyl chain length and composition, giving it an advantage over collision based methods. 24446701 4 41 theme collision 1199:1207 arg1 methods 1215:1221 collision based methods 1199:1221 collision based methods 1199:1221 UVPD afforded the widest array of fragment ion types including acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages and glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages, thus providing the most comprehensive structural analysis of the lipid A. UVPD exhibited virtually no dependence on precursor ion charge state and was best at determining lipid A structure including acyl chain length and composition, giving it an advantage over collision based methods. 24446701 1 42 theme mass 226:229 arg1 MS/MS 245:249 MS/MS 245:249 MS/MS 245:249 Here we implement ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) in an online liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) strategy to support analysis of complex mixtures of lipid A combinatorially modified during development of vaccine adjuvants. 24446701 1 42 theme mass 226:229 arg1 spectrometry 231:242 liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry 196:242 an online liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) strategy to support analysis of complex mixtures of lipid A combinatorially modified during development of vaccine adjuvants 186:375 Here we implement ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) in an online liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) strategy to support analysis of complex mixtures of lipid A combinatorially modified during development of vaccine adjuvants. 24446701 3 43 theme collision 657:665 arg1 CID 689:691 CID 689:691 CID 689:691 The fragment ions generated by UVPD were compared to those from collision induced dissociation (CID) and higher energy collision dissociation (HCD) with respect to the precursor charge state. 24446701 3 43 theme collision 657:665 arg1 dissociation 675:686 collision induced dissociation 657:686 collision induced dissociation (CID) 657:692 The fragment ions generated by UVPD were compared to those from collision induced dissociation (CID) and higher energy collision dissociation (HCD) with respect to the precursor charge state. 24446701 2 44 theme UVPD 378:381 arg1 spectrometry 388:399 UVPD mass spectrometry 378:399 UVPD mass spectrometry at 193 nm 378:409 UVPD mass spectrometry at 193 nm was utilized to characterize the structures and fragment ion types of lipid A from Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using an Orbitrap mass spectrometer. 24446701 2 45 theme ion 468:470 arg1 types 472:476 fragment ion types 459:476 fragment ion types 459:476 UVPD mass spectrometry at 193 nm was utilized to characterize the structures and fragment ion types of lipid A from Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using an Orbitrap mass spectrometer. 24446701 4 46 theme A. 1008:1009 arg1 UVPD 1011:1014 the lipid A. UVPD 998:1014 the lipid A. UVPD 998:1014 UVPD afforded the widest array of fragment ion types including acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages and glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages, thus providing the most comprehensive structural analysis of the lipid A. UVPD exhibited virtually no dependence on precursor ion charge state and was best at determining lipid A structure including acyl chain length and composition, giving it an advantage over collision based methods. 24446701 5 47 theme variants 1318:1325 arg1 number 1297:1302 a number 1295:1302 a number of structural variants in a complex mixture of combinatorially engineered Escherichia coli lipid A 1295:1401 UVPD was incorporated into an LC-MS/MS methodology for the analysis of a number of structural variants in a complex mixture of combinatorially engineered Escherichia coli lipid A. 24446701 5 48 theme lipid 1395:1399 arg1 A 1401:1401 combinatorially engineered Escherichia coli lipid A 1351:1401 combinatorially engineered Escherichia coli lipid A 1351:1401 UVPD was incorporated into an LC-MS/MS methodology for the analysis of a number of structural variants in a complex mixture of combinatorially engineered Escherichia coli lipid A. 24446701 4 49 dep it 1178:1179 arg1 advantage 1184:1192 an advantage 1181:1192 it an advantage over collision based methods 1178:1221 UVPD afforded the widest array of fragment ion types including acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages and glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages, thus providing the most comprehensive structural analysis of the lipid A. UVPD exhibited virtually no dependence on precursor ion charge state and was best at determining lipid A structure including acyl chain length and composition, giving it an advantage over collision based methods. 24446701 4 50 theme chain 853:857 arg1 cleavages 882:890 acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages 848:890 acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages 848:890 UVPD afforded the widest array of fragment ion types including acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages and glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages, thus providing the most comprehensive structural analysis of the lipid A. UVPD exhibited virtually no dependence on precursor ion charge state and was best at determining lipid A structure including acyl chain length and composition, giving it an advantage over collision based methods. 24446701 3 51 theme energy 705:710 arg1 HCD 736:738 HCD 736:738 HCD 736:738 The fragment ions generated by UVPD were compared to those from collision induced dissociation (CID) and higher energy collision dissociation (HCD) with respect to the precursor charge state. 24446701 3 51 theme energy 705:710 arg1 dissociation 722:733 higher energy collision dissociation 698:733 higher energy collision dissociation (HCD) 698:739 The fragment ions generated by UVPD were compared to those from collision induced dissociation (CID) and higher energy collision dissociation (HCD) with respect to the precursor charge state. 24446701 4 52 theme ion 828:830 arg1 cleavages 926:934 glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages 896:934 glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages 896:934 UVPD afforded the widest array of fragment ion types including acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages and glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages, thus providing the most comprehensive structural analysis of the lipid A. UVPD exhibited virtually no dependence on precursor ion charge state and was best at determining lipid A structure including acyl chain length and composition, giving it an advantage over collision based methods. 24446701 4 52 theme ion 828:830 arg1 types 832:836 fragment ion types 819:836 fragment ion types including acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages and glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages 819:934 UVPD afforded the widest array of fragment ion types including acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages and glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages, thus providing the most comprehensive structural analysis of the lipid A. UVPD exhibited virtually no dependence on precursor ion charge state and was best at determining lipid A structure including acyl chain length and composition, giving it an advantage over collision based methods. 24446701 4 52 theme ion 828:830 arg1 cleavages 882:890 acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages 848:890 acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages 848:890 UVPD afforded the widest array of fragment ion types including acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages and glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages, thus providing the most comprehensive structural analysis of the lipid A. UVPD exhibited virtually no dependence on precursor ion charge state and was best at determining lipid A structure including acyl chain length and composition, giving it an advantage over collision based methods. 24446701 3 53 theme induced 667:673 arg1 CID 689:691 CID 689:691 CID 689:691 The fragment ions generated by UVPD were compared to those from collision induced dissociation (CID) and higher energy collision dissociation (HCD) with respect to the precursor charge state. 24446701 3 53 theme induced 667:673 arg1 dissociation 675:686 collision induced dissociation 657:686 collision induced dissociation (CID) 657:692 The fragment ions generated by UVPD were compared to those from collision induced dissociation (CID) and higher energy collision dissociation (HCD) with respect to the precursor charge state. 24446701 4 54 theme ion 1063:1065 arg1 state 1074:1078 precursor ion charge state 1053:1078 precursor ion charge state 1053:1078 UVPD afforded the widest array of fragment ion types including acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages and glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages, thus providing the most comprehensive structural analysis of the lipid A. UVPD exhibited virtually no dependence on precursor ion charge state and was best at determining lipid A structure including acyl chain length and composition, giving it an advantage over collision based methods. 24446701 1 55 theme online 189:194 arg1 strategy 252:259 an online liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) strategy 186:259 an online liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) strategy to support analysis of complex mixtures of lipid A combinatorially modified during development of vaccine adjuvants 186:375 Here we implement ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) in an online liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) strategy to support analysis of complex mixtures of lipid A combinatorially modified during development of vaccine adjuvants. 24446701 4 56 theme C-C 873:875 arg1 bond 877:880 C-C bond 873:880 C-C bond 873:880 UVPD afforded the widest array of fragment ion types including acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages and glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages, thus providing the most comprehensive structural analysis of the lipid A. UVPD exhibited virtually no dependence on precursor ion charge state and was best at determining lipid A structure including acyl chain length and composition, giving it an advantage over collision based methods. 24446701 1 57 theme chromatographic 203:217 arg1 MS/MS 245:249 MS/MS 245:249 MS/MS 245:249 Here we implement ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) in an online liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) strategy to support analysis of complex mixtures of lipid A combinatorially modified during development of vaccine adjuvants. 24446701 1 57 theme chromatographic 203:217 arg1 spectrometry 231:242 liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry 196:242 an online liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) strategy to support analysis of complex mixtures of lipid A combinatorially modified during development of vaccine adjuvants 186:375 Here we implement ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) in an online liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) strategy to support analysis of complex mixtures of lipid A combinatorially modified during development of vaccine adjuvants. 24446701 0 58 from elucidation 74:84 arg1 mixtures 118:125 complex mixtures 110:125 complex mixtures 110:125 193 nm ultraviolet photodissociation mass spectrometry for the structural elucidation of lipid A compounds in complex mixtures. 24446701 4 59 theme acyl 1136:1139 arg1 length 1147:1152 acyl chain length 1136:1152 acyl chain length 1136:1152 UVPD afforded the widest array of fragment ion types including acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages and glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages, thus providing the most comprehensive structural analysis of the lipid A. UVPD exhibited virtually no dependence on precursor ion charge state and was best at determining lipid A structure including acyl chain length and composition, giving it an advantage over collision based methods. 24446701 3 60 theme precursor 761:769 arg1 state 778:782 the precursor charge state 757:782 the precursor charge state 757:782 The fragment ions generated by UVPD were compared to those from collision induced dissociation (CID) and higher energy collision dissociation (HCD) with respect to the precursor charge state. 24446701 2 61 theme Orbitrap 565:572 arg1 spectrometer 579:590 an Orbitrap mass spectrometer 562:590 an Orbitrap mass spectrometer 562:590 UVPD mass spectrometry at 193 nm was utilized to characterize the structures and fragment ion types of lipid A from Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using an Orbitrap mass spectrometer. 24446701 2 62 used utilized 415:422 arg2 nm 408:409 193 nm 404:409 193 nm 404:409 UVPD mass spectrometry at 193 nm was utilized to characterize the structures and fragment ion types of lipid A from Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using an Orbitrap mass spectrometer. 24446701 2 62 used utilized 415:422 arg2 spectrometry 388:399 UVPD mass spectrometry 378:399 UVPD mass spectrometry at 193 nm 378:409 UVPD mass spectrometry at 193 nm was utilized to characterize the structures and fragment ion types of lipid A from Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using an Orbitrap mass spectrometer. 24446701 2 63 from cholerae 519:526 arg1 structures 444:453 structures 444:453 structures 444:453 UVPD mass spectrometry at 193 nm was utilized to characterize the structures and fragment ion types of lipid A from Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using an Orbitrap mass spectrometer. 24446701 2 63 from cholerae 519:526 arg1 types 472:476 fragment ion types 459:476 fragment ion types 459:476 UVPD mass spectrometry at 193 nm was utilized to characterize the structures and fragment ion types of lipid A from Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using an Orbitrap mass spectrometer. 24446701 4 64 theme lipid 1108:1112 arg1 structure 1116:1124 lipid A structure 1108:1124 lipid A structure including acyl chain length and composition 1108:1168 UVPD afforded the widest array of fragment ion types including acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages and glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages, thus providing the most comprehensive structural analysis of the lipid A. UVPD exhibited virtually no dependence on precursor ion charge state and was best at determining lipid A structure including acyl chain length and composition, giving it an advantage over collision based methods. 24446701 4 65 theme ring 921:924 arg1 cleavages 926:934 glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages 896:934 glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages 896:934 UVPD afforded the widest array of fragment ion types including acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages and glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages, thus providing the most comprehensive structural analysis of the lipid A. UVPD exhibited virtually no dependence on precursor ion charge state and was best at determining lipid A structure including acyl chain length and composition, giving it an advantage over collision based methods. 24446701 0 66 theme lipid 89:93 arg1 compounds 97:105 lipid A compounds 89:105 lipid A compounds 89:105 193 nm ultraviolet photodissociation mass spectrometry for the structural elucidation of lipid A compounds in complex mixtures. 24446701 5 67 dep Escherichia 1378:1388 arg1 coli 1390:1393 coli 1390:1393 coli 1390:1393 UVPD was incorporated into an LC-MS/MS methodology for the analysis of a number of structural variants in a complex mixture of combinatorially engineered Escherichia coli lipid A. 24446701 2 68 theme lipid 481:485 arg1 A 487:487 lipid A 481:487 lipid A 481:487 UVPD mass spectrometry at 193 nm was utilized to characterize the structures and fragment ion types of lipid A from Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using an Orbitrap mass spectrometer. 24446701 0 69 theme compounds 97:105 arg1 elucidation 74:84 the structural elucidation 59:84 the structural elucidation of lipid A compounds in complex mixtures 59:125 193 nm ultraviolet photodissociation mass spectrometry for the structural elucidation of lipid A compounds in complex mixtures. 24446701 4 70 theme glycosidic 896:905 arg1 cleavages 926:934 glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages 896:934 glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages 896:934 UVPD afforded the widest array of fragment ion types including acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages and glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages, thus providing the most comprehensive structural analysis of the lipid A. UVPD exhibited virtually no dependence on precursor ion charge state and was best at determining lipid A structure including acyl chain length and composition, giving it an advantage over collision based methods. 24446701 0 71 theme complex 110:116 arg1 mixtures 118:125 complex mixtures 110:125 complex mixtures 110:125 193 nm ultraviolet photodissociation mass spectrometry for the structural elucidation of lipid A compounds in complex mixtures. 24446701 1 72 theme adjuvants 367:375 arg1 development 344:354 development 344:354 development of vaccine adjuvants 344:375 Here we implement ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) in an online liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) strategy to support analysis of complex mixtures of lipid A combinatorially modified during development of vaccine adjuvants. 24446701 0 73 theme nm 4:5 arg1 spectrometry 42:53 193 nm ultraviolet photodissociation mass spectrometry 0:53 193 nm ultraviolet photodissociation mass spectrometry for the structural elucidation of lipid A compounds in complex mixtures 0:125 193 nm ultraviolet photodissociation mass spectrometry for the structural elucidation of lipid A compounds in complex mixtures. 24446701 5 74 from number 1297:1302 arg1 mixture 1340:1346 a complex mixture 1330:1346 a complex mixture of combinatorially engineered Escherichia coli lipid A 1330:1401 UVPD was incorporated into an LC-MS/MS methodology for the analysis of a number of structural variants in a complex mixture of combinatorially engineered Escherichia coli lipid A. 24446701 4 75 theme structural 975:984 arg1 analysis 986:993 the most comprehensive structural analysis 952:993 the most comprehensive structural analysis of the lipid A. UVPD 952:1014 UVPD afforded the widest array of fragment ion types including acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages and glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages, thus providing the most comprehensive structural analysis of the lipid A. UVPD exhibited virtually no dependence on precursor ion charge state and was best at determining lipid A structure including acyl chain length and composition, giving it an advantage over collision based methods. 24446701 2 76 theme mass 383:386 arg1 spectrometry 388:399 UVPD mass spectrometry 378:399 UVPD mass spectrometry at 193 nm 378:409 UVPD mass spectrometry at 193 nm was utilized to characterize the structures and fragment ion types of lipid A from Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using an Orbitrap mass spectrometer. 24446701 0 77 theme photodissociation 19:35 arg1 spectrometry 42:53 193 nm ultraviolet photodissociation mass spectrometry 0:53 193 nm ultraviolet photodissociation mass spectrometry for the structural elucidation of lipid A compounds in complex mixtures 0:125 193 nm ultraviolet photodissociation mass spectrometry for the structural elucidation of lipid A compounds in complex mixtures. 24446701 1 78 theme mixtures 292:299 arg1 analysis 272:279 analysis 272:279 analysis of complex mixtures of lipid A combinatorially modified during development of vaccine adjuvants 272:375 Here we implement ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) in an online liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) strategy to support analysis of complex mixtures of lipid A combinatorially modified during development of vaccine adjuvants. 24446701 4 79 theme C-N 864:866 arg1 cleavages 882:890 acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages 848:890 acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages 848:890 UVPD afforded the widest array of fragment ion types including acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages and glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages, thus providing the most comprehensive structural analysis of the lipid A. UVPD exhibited virtually no dependence on precursor ion charge state and was best at determining lipid A structure including acyl chain length and composition, giving it an advantage over collision based methods. 24446701 1 80 theme lipid 304:308 arg1 A 310:310 lipid A 304:310 lipid A 304:310 Here we implement ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) in an online liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) strategy to support analysis of complex mixtures of lipid A combinatorially modified during development of vaccine adjuvants. 24446701 2 81 theme fragment 459:466 arg1 types 472:476 fragment ion types 459:476 fragment ion types 459:476 UVPD mass spectrometry at 193 nm was utilized to characterize the structures and fragment ion types of lipid A from Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using an Orbitrap mass spectrometer. 24446701 4 82 theme based 1209:1213 arg1 methods 1215:1221 collision based methods 1199:1221 collision based methods 1199:1221 UVPD afforded the widest array of fragment ion types including acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages and glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages, thus providing the most comprehensive structural analysis of the lipid A. UVPD exhibited virtually no dependence on precursor ion charge state and was best at determining lipid A structure including acyl chain length and composition, giving it an advantage over collision based methods. 24446701 4 83 theme widest 803:808 arg1 array 810:814 the widest array 799:814 the widest array of fragment ion types including acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages and glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages 799:934 UVPD afforded the widest array of fragment ion types including acyl chain C-O, C-N, and C-C bond cleavages and glycosidic C-O and cross ring cleavages, thus providing the most comprehensive structural analysis of the lipid A. UVPD exhibited virtually no dependence on precursor ion charge state and was best at determining lipid A structure including acyl chain length and composition, giving it an advantage over collision based methods. 24446701 5 84 theme complex 1332:1338 arg1 mixture 1340:1346 a complex mixture 1330:1346 a complex mixture of combinatorially engineered Escherichia coli lipid A 1330:1401 UVPD was incorporated into an LC-MS/MS methodology for the analysis of a number of structural variants in a complex mixture of combinatorially engineered Escherichia coli lipid A. 24446701 5 85 theme number 1297:1302 arg1 analysis 1283:1290 the analysis 1279:1290 the analysis of a number of structural variants in a complex mixture of combinatorially engineered Escherichia coli lipid A 1279:1401 UVPD was incorporated into an LC-MS/MS methodology for the analysis of a number of structural variants in a complex mixture of combinatorially engineered Escherichia coli lipid A. 24446701 1 86 theme spectrometry 231:242 arg1 strategy 252:259 an online liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) strategy 186:259 an online liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) strategy to support analysis of complex mixtures of lipid A combinatorially modified during development of vaccine adjuvants 186:375 Here we implement ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) in an online liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) strategy to support analysis of complex mixtures of lipid A combinatorially modified during development of vaccine adjuvants. 24446701 1 87 theme tandem 219:224 arg1 MS/MS 245:249 MS/MS 245:249 MS/MS 245:249 Here we implement ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) in an online liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) strategy to support analysis of complex mixtures of lipid A combinatorially modified during development of vaccine adjuvants. 24446701 1 87 theme tandem 219:224 arg1 spectrometry 231:242 liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry 196:242 an online liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) strategy to support analysis of complex mixtures of lipid A combinatorially modified during development of vaccine adjuvants 186:375 Here we implement ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) in an online liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) strategy to support analysis of complex mixtures of lipid A combinatorially modified during development of vaccine adjuvants. 24446701 2 88 from nm 408:409 arg1 spectrometry 388:399 UVPD mass spectrometry 378:399 UVPD mass spectrometry at 193 nm 378:409 UVPD mass spectrometry at 193 nm was utilized to characterize the structures and fragment ion types of lipid A from Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using an Orbitrap mass spectrometer. 24446701 2 89 from aeruginosa 545:554 arg1 structures 444:453 structures 444:453 structures 444:453 UVPD mass spectrometry at 193 nm was utilized to characterize the structures and fragment ion types of lipid A from Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using an Orbitrap mass spectrometer. 24446701 2 89 from aeruginosa 545:554 arg1 types 472:476 fragment ion types 459:476 fragment ion types 459:476 UVPD mass spectrometry at 193 nm was utilized to characterize the structures and fragment ion types of lipid A from Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using an Orbitrap mass spectrometer. 24446701 5 90 theme structural 1307:1316 arg1 variants 1318:1325 structural variants 1307:1325 structural variants in a complex mixture of combinatorially engineered Escherichia coli lipid A 1307:1401 UVPD was incorporated into an LC-MS/MS methodology for the analysis of a number of structural variants in a complex mixture of combinatorially engineered Escherichia coli lipid A. 25491795 2 0 theme electron 597:604 arg1 TEM 618:620 TEM 618:620 TEM 618:620 The phase composition, chemical structure and morphology of the composite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 25491795 2 0 theme electron 597:604 arg1 microscopy 606:615 transmission electron microscopy 584:615 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 584:621 The phase composition, chemical structure and morphology of the composite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 25491795 2 1 theme composite 479:487 arg1 morphology 461:470 morphology 461:470 morphology 461:470 The phase composition, chemical structure and morphology of the composite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 25491795 2 1 theme composite 479:487 arg1 composition 425:435 The phase composition 415:435 The phase composition 415:435 The phase composition, chemical structure and morphology of the composite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 25491795 2 1 theme composite 479:487 arg1 structure 447:455 chemical structure 438:455 chemical structure 438:455 The phase composition, chemical structure and morphology of the composite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 25491795 1 2 theme matrix-assisted 328:342 arg1 MS 401:402 MALDI-TOF MS 391:402 MALDI-TOF MS 391:402 In this study, a facile and novel strategy was developed to fabricate magnetite/graphene oxide/chitosan (Fe3O4/GO/CS) composite, and the composite was used as a magnetic adsorbent for the enrichment of protein, and followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis. 25491795 1 2 theme matrix-assisted 328:342 arg1 spectrometry 377:388 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry 328:388 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis 328:412 In this study, a facile and novel strategy was developed to fabricate magnetite/graphene oxide/chitosan (Fe3O4/GO/CS) composite, and the composite was used as a magnetic adsorbent for the enrichment of protein, and followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis. 25491795 2 3 theme transmission 584:595 arg1 TEM 618:620 TEM 618:620 TEM 618:620 The phase composition, chemical structure and morphology of the composite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 25491795 2 3 theme transmission 584:595 arg1 microscopy 606:615 transmission electron microscopy 584:615 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 584:621 The phase composition, chemical structure and morphology of the composite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 25491795 1 4 theme laser 344:348 arg1 MS 401:402 MALDI-TOF MS 391:402 MALDI-TOF MS 391:402 In this study, a facile and novel strategy was developed to fabricate magnetite/graphene oxide/chitosan (Fe3O4/GO/CS) composite, and the composite was used as a magnetic adsorbent for the enrichment of protein, and followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis. 25491795 1 4 theme laser 344:348 arg1 spectrometry 377:388 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry 328:388 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis 328:412 In this study, a facile and novel strategy was developed to fabricate magnetite/graphene oxide/chitosan (Fe3O4/GO/CS) composite, and the composite was used as a magnetic adsorbent for the enrichment of protein, and followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis. 25491795 2 5 theme electronic 633:642 arg1 SEM 656:658 SEM 656:658 SEM 656:658 The phase composition, chemical structure and morphology of the composite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 25491795 2 5 theme electronic 633:642 arg1 microscope 644:653 scanning electronic microscope 624:653 scanning electronic microscope (SEM) 624:659 The phase composition, chemical structure and morphology of the composite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 25491795 5 6 from potential 1078:1086 arg1 research 1111:1118 magnetic separation research 1091:1118 magnetic separation research 1091:1118 The results indicated that Fe3O4/GO/CS composite exhibited a good adsorptive capacity for protein, and Fe3O4/GO/CS composite had a promising potential in magnetic separation research. 25491795 1 7 theme desorption 350:359 arg1 MS 401:402 MALDI-TOF MS 391:402 MALDI-TOF MS 391:402 In this study, a facile and novel strategy was developed to fabricate magnetite/graphene oxide/chitosan (Fe3O4/GO/CS) composite, and the composite was used as a magnetic adsorbent for the enrichment of protein, and followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis. 25491795 1 7 theme desorption 350:359 arg1 spectrometry 377:388 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry 328:388 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis 328:412 In this study, a facile and novel strategy was developed to fabricate magnetite/graphene oxide/chitosan (Fe3O4/GO/CS) composite, and the composite was used as a magnetic adsorbent for the enrichment of protein, and followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis. 25491795 2 8 theme scanning 624:631 arg1 SEM 656:658 SEM 656:658 SEM 656:658 The phase composition, chemical structure and morphology of the composite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 25491795 2 8 theme scanning 624:631 arg1 microscope 644:653 scanning electronic microscope 624:653 scanning electronic microscope (SEM) 624:659 The phase composition, chemical structure and morphology of the composite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 25491795 3 9 theme Fe3O4/GO/CS 789:799 arg1 property 777:784 the adsorptive property 762:784 the adsorptive property of Fe3O4/GO/CS 762:799 Protein cytochrome c was chosen as model target to evaluate the adsorptive property of Fe3O4/GO/CS. 25491795 2 10 dep transform 544:552 arg1 infrared 554:561 infrared 554:561 transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) 544:699 The phase composition, chemical structure and morphology of the composite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 25491795 1 11 theme ionization 361:370 arg1 MS 401:402 MALDI-TOF MS 391:402 MALDI-TOF MS 391:402 In this study, a facile and novel strategy was developed to fabricate magnetite/graphene oxide/chitosan (Fe3O4/GO/CS) composite, and the composite was used as a magnetic adsorbent for the enrichment of protein, and followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis. 25491795 1 11 theme ionization 361:370 arg1 spectrometry 377:388 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry 328:388 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis 328:412 In this study, a facile and novel strategy was developed to fabricate magnetite/graphene oxide/chitosan (Fe3O4/GO/CS) composite, and the composite was used as a magnetic adsorbent for the enrichment of protein, and followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis. 25491795 2 12 theme X-ray 511:515 arg1 Fourier 536:542 Fourier 536:542 Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) 536:699 The phase composition, chemical structure and morphology of the composite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 25491795 2 12 theme X-ray 511:515 arg1 diffraction 517:527 X-ray diffraction 511:527 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 511:533 The phase composition, chemical structure and morphology of the composite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 25491795 2 12 theme X-ray 511:515 arg1 XRD 530:532 XRD 530:532 XRD 530:532 The phase composition, chemical structure and morphology of the composite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 25491795 1 13 theme mass 372:375 arg1 MS 401:402 MALDI-TOF MS 391:402 MALDI-TOF MS 391:402 In this study, a facile and novel strategy was developed to fabricate magnetite/graphene oxide/chitosan (Fe3O4/GO/CS) composite, and the composite was used as a magnetic adsorbent for the enrichment of protein, and followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis. 25491795 1 13 theme mass 372:375 arg1 spectrometry 377:388 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry 328:388 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis 328:412 In this study, a facile and novel strategy was developed to fabricate magnetite/graphene oxide/chitosan (Fe3O4/GO/CS) composite, and the composite was used as a magnetic adsorbent for the enrichment of protein, and followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis. 25491795 4 14 theme enrichment 808:817 arg1 procedure 819:827 enrichment procedure 808:827 enrichment procedure 808:827 After enrichment procedure and magnetic separation, protein bounded with the material was analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS without desorption. 25491795 5 15 theme Fe3O4/GO/CS 964:974 arg1 composite 976:984 Fe3O4/GO/CS composite 964:984 Fe3O4/GO/CS composite 964:984 The results indicated that Fe3O4/GO/CS composite exhibited a good adsorptive capacity for protein, and Fe3O4/GO/CS composite had a promising potential in magnetic separation research. 25491795 5 16 theme magnetic 1091:1098 arg1 research 1111:1118 magnetic separation research 1091:1118 magnetic separation research 1091:1118 The results indicated that Fe3O4/GO/CS composite exhibited a good adsorptive capacity for protein, and Fe3O4/GO/CS composite had a promising potential in magnetic separation research. 25491795 1 17 theme spectrometry 377:388 arg1 analysis 405:412 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis 328:412 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis 328:412 In this study, a facile and novel strategy was developed to fabricate magnetite/graphene oxide/chitosan (Fe3O4/GO/CS) composite, and the composite was used as a magnetic adsorbent for the enrichment of protein, and followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis. 25491795 4 18 theme magnetic 833:840 arg1 separation 842:851 magnetic separation 833:851 magnetic separation 833:851 After enrichment procedure and magnetic separation, protein bounded with the material was analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS without desorption. 25491795 3 19 theme Protein 702:708 arg1 target 743:748 model target 737:748 model target 737:748 Protein cytochrome c was chosen as model target to evaluate the adsorptive property of Fe3O4/GO/CS. 25491795 3 19 theme Protein 702:708 arg1 c 721:721 Protein cytochrome c 702:721 Protein cytochrome c 702:721 Protein cytochrome c was chosen as model target to evaluate the adsorptive property of Fe3O4/GO/CS. 25491795 2 20 theme chemical 438:445 arg1 structure 447:455 chemical structure 438:455 chemical structure 438:455 The phase composition, chemical structure and morphology of the composite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 25491795 2 21 theme phase 419:423 arg1 composition 425:435 The phase composition 415:435 The phase composition 415:435 The phase composition, chemical structure and morphology of the composite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 25491795 0 22 theme magnetite/graphene 13:30 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis of magnetite/graphene 0:30 Synthesis of magnetite/graphene oxide/chitosan composite and its application for protein adsorption. 25491795 3 23 theme cytochrome 710:719 arg1 target 743:748 model target 737:748 model target 737:748 Protein cytochrome c was chosen as model target to evaluate the adsorptive property of Fe3O4/GO/CS. 25491795 3 23 theme cytochrome 710:719 arg1 c 721:721 Protein cytochrome c 702:721 Protein cytochrome c 702:721 Protein cytochrome c was chosen as model target to evaluate the adsorptive property of Fe3O4/GO/CS. 25491795 5 24 theme good 998:1001 arg1 capacity 1014:1021 a good adsorptive capacity 996:1021 a good adsorptive capacity for protein 996:1033 The results indicated that Fe3O4/GO/CS composite exhibited a good adsorptive capacity for protein, and Fe3O4/GO/CS composite had a promising potential in magnetic separation research. 25491795 1 25 theme MALDI-TOF 391:399 arg1 MS 401:402 MALDI-TOF MS 391:402 MALDI-TOF MS 391:402 In this study, a facile and novel strategy was developed to fabricate magnetite/graphene oxide/chitosan (Fe3O4/GO/CS) composite, and the composite was used as a magnetic adsorbent for the enrichment of protein, and followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis. 25491795 1 25 theme MALDI-TOF 391:399 arg1 spectrometry 377:388 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry 328:388 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis 328:412 In this study, a facile and novel strategy was developed to fabricate magnetite/graphene oxide/chitosan (Fe3O4/GO/CS) composite, and the composite was used as a magnetic adsorbent for the enrichment of protein, and followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis. 25491795 5 26 theme adsorptive 1003:1012 arg1 capacity 1014:1021 a good adsorptive capacity 996:1021 a good adsorptive capacity for protein 996:1033 The results indicated that Fe3O4/GO/CS composite exhibited a good adsorptive capacity for protein, and Fe3O4/GO/CS composite had a promising potential in magnetic separation research. 25491795 1 27 theme composite 219:227 arg1 magnetite/graphene 171:188 magnetite/graphene 171:188 magnetite/graphene oxide/chitosan (Fe3O4/GO/CS) composite 171:227 In this study, a facile and novel strategy was developed to fabricate magnetite/graphene oxide/chitosan (Fe3O4/GO/CS) composite, and the composite was used as a magnetic adsorbent for the enrichment of protein, and followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis. 25491795 4 28 theme MALDI-TOF 904:912 arg1 MS 914:915 MALDI-TOF MS 904:915 MALDI-TOF MS 904:915 After enrichment procedure and magnetic separation, protein bounded with the material was analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS without desorption. 25491795 5 29 theme promising 1068:1076 arg1 potential 1078:1086 a promising potential 1066:1086 a promising potential in magnetic separation research 1066:1118 The results indicated that Fe3O4/GO/CS composite exhibited a good adsorptive capacity for protein, and Fe3O4/GO/CS composite had a promising potential in magnetic separation research. 25491795 2 30 dep Fourier 536:542 arg1 transform 544:552 transform 544:552 transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) 544:699 The phase composition, chemical structure and morphology of the composite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 25491795 1 31 theme protein 303:309 arg1 enrichment 289:298 the enrichment 285:298 the enrichment of protein 285:309 In this study, a facile and novel strategy was developed to fabricate magnetite/graphene oxide/chitosan (Fe3O4/GO/CS) composite, and the composite was used as a magnetic adsorbent for the enrichment of protein, and followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis. 25491795 1 32 used used 252:255 arg2 adsorbent 271:279 adsorbent 271:279 adsorbent 271:279 In this study, a facile and novel strategy was developed to fabricate magnetite/graphene oxide/chitosan (Fe3O4/GO/CS) composite, and the composite was used as a magnetic adsorbent for the enrichment of protein, and followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis. 25491795 1 32 used used 252:255 arg2 composite 238:246 the composite 234:246 the composite 234:246 In this study, a facile and novel strategy was developed to fabricate magnetite/graphene oxide/chitosan (Fe3O4/GO/CS) composite, and the composite was used as a magnetic adsorbent for the enrichment of protein, and followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis. 25491795 5 33 theme separation 1100:1109 arg1 research 1111:1118 magnetic separation research 1091:1118 magnetic separation research 1091:1118 The results indicated that Fe3O4/GO/CS composite exhibited a good adsorptive capacity for protein, and Fe3O4/GO/CS composite had a promising potential in magnetic separation research. 25491795 2 34 theme sample 675:680 arg1 magnetometer 682:693 vibrating sample magnetometer 665:693 vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) 665:699 The phase composition, chemical structure and morphology of the composite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 25491795 2 34 theme sample 675:680 arg1 VSM 696:698 VSM 696:698 VSM 696:698 The phase composition, chemical structure and morphology of the composite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 25491795 1 35 theme facile 118:123 arg1 strategy 135:142 a facile and novel strategy 116:142 a facile and novel strategy 116:142 In this study, a facile and novel strategy was developed to fabricate magnetite/graphene oxide/chitosan (Fe3O4/GO/CS) composite, and the composite was used as a magnetic adsorbent for the enrichment of protein, and followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis. 25491795 3 36 theme model 737:741 arg1 target 743:748 model target 737:748 model target 737:748 Protein cytochrome c was chosen as model target to evaluate the adsorptive property of Fe3O4/GO/CS. 25491795 3 36 theme model 737:741 arg1 c 721:721 Protein cytochrome c 702:721 Protein cytochrome c 702:721 Protein cytochrome c was chosen as model target to evaluate the adsorptive property of Fe3O4/GO/CS. 25491795 2 37 theme vibrating 665:673 arg1 magnetometer 682:693 vibrating sample magnetometer 665:693 vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) 665:699 The phase composition, chemical structure and morphology of the composite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 25491795 2 37 theme vibrating 665:673 arg1 VSM 696:698 VSM 696:698 VSM 696:698 The phase composition, chemical structure and morphology of the composite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 25491795 3 38 theme adsorptive 766:775 arg1 property 777:784 the adsorptive property 762:784 the adsorptive property of Fe3O4/GO/CS 762:799 Protein cytochrome c was chosen as model target to evaluate the adsorptive property of Fe3O4/GO/CS. 25491795 5 39 theme Fe3O4/GO/CS 1040:1050 arg1 composite 1052:1060 Fe3O4/GO/CS composite 1040:1060 Fe3O4/GO/CS composite 1040:1060 The results indicated that Fe3O4/GO/CS composite exhibited a good adsorptive capacity for protein, and Fe3O4/GO/CS composite had a promising potential in magnetic separation research. 25491795 1 40 theme novel 129:133 arg1 strategy 135:142 a facile and novel strategy 116:142 a facile and novel strategy 116:142 In this study, a facile and novel strategy was developed to fabricate magnetite/graphene oxide/chitosan (Fe3O4/GO/CS) composite, and the composite was used as a magnetic adsorbent for the enrichment of protein, and followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis. 25491795 0 41 theme protein 81:87 arg1 adsorption 89:98 protein adsorption 81:98 protein adsorption 81:98 Synthesis of magnetite/graphene oxide/chitosan composite and its application for protein adsorption. 25491795 5 42 contain had 1062:1064 arg2 potential 1078:1086 a promising potential 1066:1086 a promising potential in magnetic separation research 1066:1118 The results indicated that Fe3O4/GO/CS composite exhibited a good adsorptive capacity for protein, and Fe3O4/GO/CS composite had a promising potential in magnetic separation research. 25491795 5 42 contain had 1062:1064 arg1 composite 1052:1060 Fe3O4/GO/CS composite 1040:1060 Fe3O4/GO/CS composite 1040:1060 The results indicated that Fe3O4/GO/CS composite exhibited a good adsorptive capacity for protein, and Fe3O4/GO/CS composite had a promising potential in magnetic separation research. 24950099 8 0 with Consistent 1230:1239 arg1 amount 1260:1265 the increased amount 1246:1265 the increased amount of melanin 1246:1276 Consistent with the increased amount of melanin, the EPR signal intensity decreased suggesting polymerization of melanin. 24950099 8 0 with Consistent 1230:1239 arg1 melanin 1270:1276 melanin 1270:1276 melanin 1270:1276 Consistent with the increased amount of melanin, the EPR signal intensity decreased suggesting polymerization of melanin. 24950099 13 1 theme immune 2187:2192 arg1 defenses 2194:2201 the host immune defenses 2178:2201 the host immune defenses 2178:2201 Mannose-containing glycoconjugates that are involved in immune recognition, are progressively masked by polymerization of melanin, an antioxidant that is commonly thought to allow fungal escape from the host immune defenses. 24950099 1 2 theme life 133:136 arg1 expectancy 138:147 the life expectancy 129:147 the life expectancy of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients 129:180 Progress in extending the life expectancy of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients remains jeopardized by the increasing incidence of fungal respiratory infections. 24950099 10 3 theme marked 1593:1598 arg1 increase 1600:1607 a marked increase 1591:1607 a marked increase in fluorescence intensity 1591:1633 In the absence of melanin, conidia showed a marked increase in fluorescence intensity as the age of culture increased. 24950099 9 4 theme melanin 1428:1434 arg1 polymerization 1436:1449 melanin polymerization 1428:1449 melanin polymerization 1428:1449 These results were confirmed by flow cytometry after studying the effect of melanin polymerization on the surface accessibility of mannose-containing glycoconjugates to fluorescent concanavalin A. 24950099 11 5 theme force 1681:1685 arg1 microscopy 1687:1696 atomic force microscopy 1674:1696 atomic force microscopy 1674:1696 Using atomic force microscopy, we were unable to find rodlet-forming hydrophobins, molecules that can also affect conidial surface properties. 24950099 13 6 theme host 2182:2185 arg1 defenses 2194:2201 the host immune defenses 2178:2201 the host immune defenses 2178:2201 Mannose-containing glycoconjugates that are involved in immune recognition, are progressively masked by polymerization of melanin, an antioxidant that is commonly thought to allow fungal escape from the host immune defenses. 24950099 2 7 theme emerging 304:311 arg1 boydii 281:286 Pseudallescheria boydii 264:286 Pseudallescheria boydii (P. boydii) 264:298 Pseudallescheria boydii (P. boydii), an emerging pathogen of humans, is a filamentous fungus frequently isolated from the respiratory secretions of CF patients. 24950099 2 7 theme emerging 304:311 arg1 pathogen 313:320 an emerging pathogen 301:320 an emerging pathogen of humans 301:330 Pseudallescheria boydii (P. boydii), an emerging pathogen of humans, is a filamentous fungus frequently isolated from the respiratory secretions of CF patients. 24950099 9 8 theme surface 1458:1464 arg1 accessibility 1466:1478 the surface accessibility 1454:1478 the surface accessibility of mannose-containing glycoconjugates to fluorescent concanavalin A 1454:1546 These results were confirmed by flow cytometry after studying the effect of melanin polymerization on the surface accessibility of mannose-containing glycoconjugates to fluorescent concanavalin A. 24950099 13 9 theme fungal 2159:2164 arg1 escape 2166:2171 fungal escape 2159:2171 fungal escape from the host immune defenses 2159:2201 Mannose-containing glycoconjugates that are involved in immune recognition, are progressively masked by polymerization of melanin, an antioxidant that is commonly thought to allow fungal escape from the host immune defenses. 24950099 12 10 theme maturation 1967:1976 arg1 process 1947:1953 the process 1943:1953 the process of conidial maturation 1943:1976 In conclusion, the changes in surface properties and biochemical composition of the conidial wall with the age of culture highlight the process of conidial maturation. 24950099 5 11 theme electronegative 888:902 arg1 charge 904:909 electronegative charge 888:909 electronegative charge 888:909 We found that the surface hydrophobicity and electronegative charge of conidia increased with the age of culture. 24950099 8 12 theme melanin 1270:1276 arg1 amount 1260:1265 the increased amount 1246:1265 the increased amount of melanin 1246:1276 Consistent with the increased amount of melanin, the EPR signal intensity decreased suggesting polymerization of melanin. 24950099 8 12 theme melanin 1270:1276 arg1 melanin 1270:1276 melanin 1270:1276 melanin 1270:1276 Consistent with the increased amount of melanin, the EPR signal intensity decreased suggesting polymerization of melanin. 24950099 3 13 theme host 595:598 arg1 cells 611:615 the host epithelial cells 591:615 the host epithelial cells 591:615 It is commonly believed that infection by this fungus occurs through inhalation of airborne conidia, but the mechanisms allowing the adherence of Pseudallescheria to the host epithelial cells and its escape from the host immune defenses remain largely unknown. 24950099 1 14 theme increasing 209:218 arg1 incidence 220:228 the increasing incidence 205:228 the increasing incidence of fungal respiratory infections 205:261 Progress in extending the life expectancy of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients remains jeopardized by the increasing incidence of fungal respiratory infections. 24950099 4 15 theme cell 701:704 arg1 wall 706:709 the cell wall 697:709 the cell wall 697:709 Given that the cell wall orchestrates all these processes, we were interested in studying its dynamic changes in conidia as function of the age of cultures. 24950099 9 16 theme fluorescent 1521:1531 arg1 A 1546:1546 fluorescent concanavalin A 1521:1546 fluorescent concanavalin A 1521:1546 These results were confirmed by flow cytometry after studying the effect of melanin polymerization on the surface accessibility of mannose-containing glycoconjugates to fluorescent concanavalin A. 24950099 8 17 theme signal 1287:1292 arg1 intensity 1294:1302 the EPR signal intensity 1279:1302 the EPR signal intensity 1279:1302 Consistent with the increased amount of melanin, the EPR signal intensity decreased suggesting polymerization of melanin. 24950099 2 18 theme Pseudallescheria 264:279 arg1 pathogen 313:320 an emerging pathogen 301:320 an emerging pathogen of humans 301:330 Pseudallescheria boydii (P. boydii), an emerging pathogen of humans, is a filamentous fungus frequently isolated from the respiratory secretions of CF patients. 24950099 2 18 theme Pseudallescheria 264:279 arg1 fungus 350:355 a filamentous fungus 336:355 a filamentous fungus frequently isolated from the respiratory secretions of CF patients 336:422 Pseudallescheria boydii (P. boydii), an emerging pathogen of humans, is a filamentous fungus frequently isolated from the respiratory secretions of CF patients. 24950099 2 18 theme Pseudallescheria 264:279 arg1 P. 289:290 P. 289:290 P. 289:290 Pseudallescheria boydii (P. boydii), an emerging pathogen of humans, is a filamentous fungus frequently isolated from the respiratory secretions of CF patients. 24950099 2 18 theme Pseudallescheria 264:279 arg1 boydii 281:286 Pseudallescheria boydii 264:286 Pseudallescheria boydii (P. boydii) 264:298 Pseudallescheria boydii (P. boydii), an emerging pathogen of humans, is a filamentous fungus frequently isolated from the respiratory secretions of CF patients. 24950099 6 19 theme surface 993:999 arg1 properties 1001:1010 the cell surface properties 984:1010 the cell surface properties 984:1010 Melanin that can influence the cell surface properties, was extracted from conidia and estimated using UV-visible spectrophotometry. 24950099 7 20 theme radicals 1220:1227 arg1 production 1201:1210 the production 1197:1210 the production of free radicals 1197:1227 Cells were also directly examined and compared using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) that determines the production of free radicals. 24950099 1 21 theme cystic 152:157 arg1 CF 169:170 CF 169:170 CF 169:170 Progress in extending the life expectancy of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients remains jeopardized by the increasing incidence of fungal respiratory infections. 24950099 1 21 theme cystic 152:157 arg1 fibrosis 159:166 cystic fibrosis 152:166 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients 152:180 Progress in extending the life expectancy of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients remains jeopardized by the increasing incidence of fungal respiratory infections. 24950099 0 22 theme fungus 75:80 arg1 boydii 99:104 the human pathogenic fungus Pseudallescheria boydii 54:104 the human pathogenic fungus Pseudallescheria boydii 54:104 Cell wall modifications during conidial maturation of the human pathogenic fungus Pseudallescheria boydii. 24950099 8 23 theme melanin 1343:1349 arg1 polymerization 1325:1338 polymerization 1325:1338 polymerization of melanin 1325:1349 Consistent with the increased amount of melanin, the EPR signal intensity decreased suggesting polymerization of melanin. 24950099 11 24 theme conidial 1782:1789 arg1 properties 1799:1808 conidial surface properties 1782:1808 conidial surface properties 1782:1808 Using atomic force microscopy, we were unable to find rodlet-forming hydrophobins, molecules that can also affect conidial surface properties. 24950099 0 25 theme boydii 99:104 arg1 maturation 40:49 conidial maturation 31:49 conidial maturation of the human pathogenic fungus Pseudallescheria boydii 31:104 Cell wall modifications during conidial maturation of the human pathogenic fungus Pseudallescheria boydii. 24950099 2 26 theme respiratory 386:396 arg1 secretions 398:407 the respiratory secretions 382:407 the respiratory secretions of CF patients 382:422 Pseudallescheria boydii (P. boydii), an emerging pathogen of humans, is a filamentous fungus frequently isolated from the respiratory secretions of CF patients. 24950099 13 27 theme melanin 2101:2107 arg1 polymerization 2083:2096 polymerization 2083:2096 polymerization of melanin, an antioxidant that is commonly thought to allow fungal escape from the host immune defenses 2083:2201 Mannose-containing glycoconjugates that are involved in immune recognition, are progressively masked by polymerization of melanin, an antioxidant that is commonly thought to allow fungal escape from the host immune defenses. 24950099 2 28 attach isolated 368:375 arg2 boydii 281:286 Pseudallescheria boydii 264:286 Pseudallescheria boydii (P. boydii) 264:298 Pseudallescheria boydii (P. boydii), an emerging pathogen of humans, is a filamentous fungus frequently isolated from the respiratory secretions of CF patients. 24950099 2 28 attach isolated 368:375 arg2 fungus 350:355 a filamentous fungus 336:355 a filamentous fungus frequently isolated from the respiratory secretions of CF patients 336:422 Pseudallescheria boydii (P. boydii), an emerging pathogen of humans, is a filamentous fungus frequently isolated from the respiratory secretions of CF patients. 24950099 2 28 attach isolated 368:375 arg1 secretions 398:407 the respiratory secretions 382:407 the respiratory secretions of CF patients 382:422 Pseudallescheria boydii (P. boydii), an emerging pathogen of humans, is a filamentous fungus frequently isolated from the respiratory secretions of CF patients. 24950099 0 29 theme pathogenic 64:73 arg1 boydii 99:104 the human pathogenic fungus Pseudallescheria boydii 54:104 the human pathogenic fungus Pseudallescheria boydii 54:104 Cell wall modifications during conidial maturation of the human pathogenic fungus Pseudallescheria boydii. 24950099 0 30 theme Cell 0:3 arg1 wall 5:8 Cell wall 0:8 Cell wall 0:8 Cell wall modifications during conidial maturation of the human pathogenic fungus Pseudallescheria boydii. 24950099 13 31 from defenses 2194:2201 arg1 escape 2166:2171 fungal escape 2159:2171 fungal escape from the host immune defenses 2159:2201 Mannose-containing glycoconjugates that are involved in immune recognition, are progressively masked by polymerization of melanin, an antioxidant that is commonly thought to allow fungal escape from the host immune defenses. 24950099 2 32 theme patients 415:422 arg1 secretions 398:407 the respiratory secretions 382:407 the respiratory secretions of CF patients 382:422 Pseudallescheria boydii (P. boydii), an emerging pathogen of humans, is a filamentous fungus frequently isolated from the respiratory secretions of CF patients. 24950099 3 33 theme host 641:644 arg1 defenses 653:660 the host immune defenses 637:660 the host immune defenses 637:660 It is commonly believed that infection by this fungus occurs through inhalation of airborne conidia, but the mechanisms allowing the adherence of Pseudallescheria to the host epithelial cells and its escape from the host immune defenses remain largely unknown. 24950099 0 34 theme conidial 31:38 arg1 maturation 40:49 conidial maturation 31:49 conidial maturation of the human pathogenic fungus Pseudallescheria boydii 31:104 Cell wall modifications during conidial maturation of the human pathogenic fungus Pseudallescheria boydii. 24950099 12 35 theme wall 1904:1907 arg1 composition 1876:1886 biochemical composition 1864:1886 biochemical composition 1864:1886 In conclusion, the changes in surface properties and biochemical composition of the conidial wall with the age of culture highlight the process of conidial maturation. 24950099 12 35 theme wall 1904:1907 arg1 properties 1849:1858 surface properties 1841:1858 surface properties 1841:1858 In conclusion, the changes in surface properties and biochemical composition of the conidial wall with the age of culture highlight the process of conidial maturation. 24950099 0 36 theme human 58:62 arg1 boydii 99:104 the human pathogenic fungus Pseudallescheria boydii 54:104 the human pathogenic fungus Pseudallescheria boydii 54:104 Cell wall modifications during conidial maturation of the human pathogenic fungus Pseudallescheria boydii. 24950099 9 37 from effect 1418:1423 arg1 accessibility 1466:1478 the surface accessibility 1454:1478 the surface accessibility of mannose-containing glycoconjugates to fluorescent concanavalin A 1454:1546 These results were confirmed by flow cytometry after studying the effect of melanin polymerization on the surface accessibility of mannose-containing glycoconjugates to fluorescent concanavalin A. 24950099 2 38 theme humans 325:330 arg1 boydii 281:286 Pseudallescheria boydii 264:286 Pseudallescheria boydii (P. boydii) 264:298 Pseudallescheria boydii (P. boydii), an emerging pathogen of humans, is a filamentous fungus frequently isolated from the respiratory secretions of CF patients. 24950099 2 38 theme humans 325:330 arg1 pathogen 313:320 an emerging pathogen 301:320 an emerging pathogen of humans 301:330 Pseudallescheria boydii (P. boydii), an emerging pathogen of humans, is a filamentous fungus frequently isolated from the respiratory secretions of CF patients. 24950099 9 39 theme flow 1384:1387 arg1 cytometry 1389:1397 flow cytometry 1384:1397 flow cytometry 1384:1397 These results were confirmed by flow cytometry after studying the effect of melanin polymerization on the surface accessibility of mannose-containing glycoconjugates to fluorescent concanavalin A. 24950099 10 40 from increase 1600:1607 arg1 intensity 1625:1633 fluorescence intensity 1612:1633 fluorescence intensity 1612:1633 In the absence of melanin, conidia showed a marked increase in fluorescence intensity as the age of culture increased. 24950099 12 41 from changes 1830:1836 arg1 composition 1876:1886 biochemical composition 1864:1886 biochemical composition 1864:1886 In conclusion, the changes in surface properties and biochemical composition of the conidial wall with the age of culture highlight the process of conidial maturation. 24950099 12 41 from changes 1830:1836 arg1 properties 1849:1858 surface properties 1841:1858 surface properties 1841:1858 In conclusion, the changes in surface properties and biochemical composition of the conidial wall with the age of culture highlight the process of conidial maturation. 24950099 13 42 theme immune 2035:2040 arg1 recognition 2042:2052 immune recognition 2035:2052 immune recognition 2035:2052 Mannose-containing glycoconjugates that are involved in immune recognition, are progressively masked by polymerization of melanin, an antioxidant that is commonly thought to allow fungal escape from the host immune defenses. 24950099 3 43 theme airborne 508:515 arg1 conidia 517:523 airborne conidia 508:523 airborne conidia 508:523 It is commonly believed that infection by this fungus occurs through inhalation of airborne conidia, but the mechanisms allowing the adherence of Pseudallescheria to the host epithelial cells and its escape from the host immune defenses remain largely unknown. 24950099 1 44 theme fungal 233:238 arg1 infections 252:261 fungal respiratory infections 233:261 fungal respiratory infections 233:261 Progress in extending the life expectancy of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients remains jeopardized by the increasing incidence of fungal respiratory infections. 24950099 10 45 theme melanin 1567:1573 arg1 absence 1556:1562 the absence 1552:1562 the absence of melanin 1552:1573 In the absence of melanin, conidia showed a marked increase in fluorescence intensity as the age of culture increased. 24950099 11 46 theme atomic 1674:1679 arg1 microscopy 1687:1696 atomic force microscopy 1674:1696 atomic force microscopy 1674:1696 Using atomic force microscopy, we were unable to find rodlet-forming hydrophobins, molecules that can also affect conidial surface properties. 24950099 2 47 theme filamentous 338:348 arg1 fungus 350:355 a filamentous fungus 336:355 a filamentous fungus frequently isolated from the respiratory secretions of CF patients 336:422 Pseudallescheria boydii (P. boydii), an emerging pathogen of humans, is a filamentous fungus frequently isolated from the respiratory secretions of CF patients. 24950099 2 47 theme filamentous 338:348 arg1 boydii 281:286 Pseudallescheria boydii 264:286 Pseudallescheria boydii (P. boydii) 264:298 Pseudallescheria boydii (P. boydii), an emerging pathogen of humans, is a filamentous fungus frequently isolated from the respiratory secretions of CF patients. 24950099 1 48 theme infections 252:261 arg1 incidence 220:228 the increasing incidence 205:228 the increasing incidence of fungal respiratory infections 205:261 Progress in extending the life expectancy of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients remains jeopardized by the increasing incidence of fungal respiratory infections. 24950099 4 49 theme cultures 833:840 arg1 age 826:828 the age 822:828 the age of cultures 822:840 Given that the cell wall orchestrates all these processes, we were interested in studying its dynamic changes in conidia as function of the age of cultures. 24950099 6 50 theme UV-visible 1060:1069 arg1 spectrophotometry 1071:1087 UV-visible spectrophotometry 1060:1087 UV-visible spectrophotometry 1060:1087 Melanin that can influence the cell surface properties, was extracted from conidia and estimated using UV-visible spectrophotometry. 24950099 5 51 theme surface 861:867 arg1 hydrophobicity 869:882 surface hydrophobicity 861:882 surface hydrophobicity 861:882 We found that the surface hydrophobicity and electronegative charge of conidia increased with the age of culture. 24950099 9 52 theme polymerization 1436:1449 arg1 effect 1418:1423 the effect 1414:1423 the effect of melanin polymerization on the surface accessibility of mannose-containing glycoconjugates to fluorescent concanavalin A 1414:1546 These results were confirmed by flow cytometry after studying the effect of melanin polymerization on the surface accessibility of mannose-containing glycoconjugates to fluorescent concanavalin A. 24950099 1 53 theme patients 173:180 arg1 expectancy 138:147 the life expectancy 129:147 the life expectancy of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients 129:180 Progress in extending the life expectancy of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients remains jeopardized by the increasing incidence of fungal respiratory infections. 24950099 7 54 theme electron 1143:1150 arg1 resonance 1165:1173 electron paramagnetic resonance 1143:1173 electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) that determines the production of free radicals 1143:1227 Cells were also directly examined and compared using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) that determines the production of free radicals. 24950099 7 54 theme electron 1143:1150 arg1 EPR 1176:1178 EPR 1176:1178 EPR 1176:1178 Cells were also directly examined and compared using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) that determines the production of free radicals. 24950099 4 55 theme age 826:828 arg1 function 810:817 function 810:817 function of the age of cultures 810:840 Given that the cell wall orchestrates all these processes, we were interested in studying its dynamic changes in conidia as function of the age of cultures. 24950099 10 56 theme fluorescence 1612:1623 arg1 intensity 1625:1633 fluorescence intensity 1612:1633 fluorescence intensity 1612:1633 In the absence of melanin, conidia showed a marked increase in fluorescence intensity as the age of culture increased. 24950099 13 57 theme Mannose-containing 1979:1996 arg1 glycoconjugates 1998:2012 Mannose-containing glycoconjugates 1979:2012 Mannose-containing glycoconjugates 1979:2012 Mannose-containing glycoconjugates that are involved in immune recognition, are progressively masked by polymerization of melanin, an antioxidant that is commonly thought to allow fungal escape from the host immune defenses. 24950099 8 58 theme increased 1250:1258 arg1 amount 1260:1265 the increased amount 1246:1265 the increased amount of melanin 1246:1276 Consistent with the increased amount of melanin, the EPR signal intensity decreased suggesting polymerization of melanin. 24950099 8 58 theme increased 1250:1258 arg1 melanin 1270:1276 melanin 1270:1276 melanin 1270:1276 Consistent with the increased amount of melanin, the EPR signal intensity decreased suggesting polymerization of melanin. 24950099 10 59 theme culture 1649:1655 arg1 age 1642:1644 the age 1638:1644 the age of culture 1638:1655 In the absence of melanin, conidia showed a marked increase in fluorescence intensity as the age of culture increased. 24950099 9 60 theme mannose-containing 1483:1500 arg1 glycoconjugates 1502:1516 mannose-containing glycoconjugates 1483:1516 mannose-containing glycoconjugates 1483:1516 These results were confirmed by flow cytometry after studying the effect of melanin polymerization on the surface accessibility of mannose-containing glycoconjugates to fluorescent concanavalin A. 24950099 12 61 theme conidial 1958:1965 arg1 maturation 1967:1976 conidial maturation 1958:1976 conidial maturation 1958:1976 In conclusion, the changes in surface properties and biochemical composition of the conidial wall with the age of culture highlight the process of conidial maturation. 24950099 3 62 theme Pseudallescheria 571:586 arg1 escape 625:630 its escape 621:630 its escape from the host immune defenses 621:660 It is commonly believed that infection by this fungus occurs through inhalation of airborne conidia, but the mechanisms allowing the adherence of Pseudallescheria to the host epithelial cells and its escape from the host immune defenses remain largely unknown. 24950099 3 62 theme Pseudallescheria 571:586 arg1 adherence 558:566 the adherence 554:566 the adherence of Pseudallescheria to the host epithelial cells 554:615 It is commonly believed that infection by this fungus occurs through inhalation of airborne conidia, but the mechanisms allowing the adherence of Pseudallescheria to the host epithelial cells and its escape from the host immune defenses remain largely unknown. 24950099 9 63 theme concanavalin 1533:1544 arg1 A 1546:1546 fluorescent concanavalin A 1521:1546 fluorescent concanavalin A 1521:1546 These results were confirmed by flow cytometry after studying the effect of melanin polymerization on the surface accessibility of mannose-containing glycoconjugates to fluorescent concanavalin A. 24950099 8 64 theme EPR 1283:1285 arg1 intensity 1294:1302 the EPR signal intensity 1279:1302 the EPR signal intensity 1279:1302 Consistent with the increased amount of melanin, the EPR signal intensity decreased suggesting polymerization of melanin. 24950099 7 65 theme free 1215:1218 arg1 radicals 1220:1227 free radicals 1215:1227 free radicals 1215:1227 Cells were also directly examined and compared using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) that determines the production of free radicals. 24950099 3 66 theme epithelial 600:609 arg1 cells 611:615 the host epithelial cells 591:615 the host epithelial cells 591:615 It is commonly believed that infection by this fungus occurs through inhalation of airborne conidia, but the mechanisms allowing the adherence of Pseudallescheria to the host epithelial cells and its escape from the host immune defenses remain largely unknown. 24950099 6 67 theme cell 988:991 arg1 properties 1001:1010 the cell surface properties 984:1010 the cell surface properties 984:1010 Melanin that can influence the cell surface properties, was extracted from conidia and estimated using UV-visible spectrophotometry. 24950099 0 68 theme Pseudallescheria 82:97 arg1 boydii 99:104 the human pathogenic fungus Pseudallescheria boydii 54:104 the human pathogenic fungus Pseudallescheria boydii 54:104 Cell wall modifications during conidial maturation of the human pathogenic fungus Pseudallescheria boydii. 24950099 1 69 theme fibrosis 159:166 arg1 patients 173:180 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients 152:180 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients 152:180 Progress in extending the life expectancy of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients remains jeopardized by the increasing incidence of fungal respiratory infections. 24950099 11 70 theme rodlet-forming 1722:1735 arg1 hydrophobins 1737:1748 rodlet-forming hydrophobins 1722:1748 rodlet-forming hydrophobins 1722:1748 Using atomic force microscopy, we were unable to find rodlet-forming hydrophobins, molecules that can also affect conidial surface properties. 24950099 11 70 theme rodlet-forming 1722:1735 arg1 molecules 1751:1759 molecules 1751:1759 molecules that can also affect conidial surface properties 1751:1808 Using atomic force microscopy, we were unable to find rodlet-forming hydrophobins, molecules that can also affect conidial surface properties. 24950099 11 71 theme surface 1791:1797 arg1 properties 1799:1808 conidial surface properties 1782:1808 conidial surface properties 1782:1808 Using atomic force microscopy, we were unable to find rodlet-forming hydrophobins, molecules that can also affect conidial surface properties. 24950099 5 72 theme culture 948:954 arg1 age 941:943 the age 937:943 the age of culture 937:954 We found that the surface hydrophobicity and electronegative charge of conidia increased with the age of culture. 24950099 12 73 theme culture 1925:1931 arg1 age 1918:1920 the age 1914:1920 the age of culture 1914:1931 In conclusion, the changes in surface properties and biochemical composition of the conidial wall with the age of culture highlight the process of conidial maturation. 24950099 5 74 theme conidia 914:920 arg1 hydrophobicity 869:882 surface hydrophobicity 861:882 surface hydrophobicity 861:882 We found that the surface hydrophobicity and electronegative charge of conidia increased with the age of culture. 24950099 5 74 theme conidia 914:920 arg1 charge 904:909 electronegative charge 888:909 electronegative charge 888:909 We found that the surface hydrophobicity and electronegative charge of conidia increased with the age of culture. 24950099 5 75 dep hydrophobicity 869:882 arg1 the 857:859 the 857:859 the 857:859 We found that the surface hydrophobicity and electronegative charge of conidia increased with the age of culture. 24950099 7 76 theme paramagnetic 1152:1163 arg1 resonance 1165:1173 electron paramagnetic resonance 1143:1173 electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) that determines the production of free radicals 1143:1227 Cells were also directly examined and compared using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) that determines the production of free radicals. 24950099 7 76 theme paramagnetic 1152:1163 arg1 EPR 1176:1178 EPR 1176:1178 EPR 1176:1178 Cells were also directly examined and compared using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) that determines the production of free radicals. 24950099 12 77 theme conidial 1895:1902 arg1 wall 1904:1907 the conidial wall 1891:1907 the conidial wall with the age of culture 1891:1931 In conclusion, the changes in surface properties and biochemical composition of the conidial wall with the age of culture highlight the process of conidial maturation. 24950099 2 78 theme CF 412:413 arg1 patients 415:422 CF patients 412:422 CF patients 412:422 Pseudallescheria boydii (P. boydii), an emerging pathogen of humans, is a filamentous fungus frequently isolated from the respiratory secretions of CF patients. 24950099 12 79 theme biochemical 1864:1874 arg1 composition 1876:1886 biochemical composition 1864:1886 biochemical composition 1864:1886 In conclusion, the changes in surface properties and biochemical composition of the conidial wall with the age of culture highlight the process of conidial maturation. 24950099 12 80 theme surface 1841:1847 arg1 properties 1849:1858 surface properties 1841:1858 surface properties 1841:1858 In conclusion, the changes in surface properties and biochemical composition of the conidial wall with the age of culture highlight the process of conidial maturation. 24950099 3 81 theme immune 646:651 arg1 defenses 653:660 the host immune defenses 637:660 the host immune defenses 637:660 It is commonly believed that infection by this fungus occurs through inhalation of airborne conidia, but the mechanisms allowing the adherence of Pseudallescheria to the host epithelial cells and its escape from the host immune defenses remain largely unknown. 24950099 12 82 with wall 1904:1907 arg1 age 1918:1920 the age 1914:1920 the age of culture 1914:1931 In conclusion, the changes in surface properties and biochemical composition of the conidial wall with the age of culture highlight the process of conidial maturation. 24950099 9 83 theme glycoconjugates 1502:1516 arg1 accessibility 1466:1478 the surface accessibility 1454:1478 the surface accessibility of mannose-containing glycoconjugates to fluorescent concanavalin A 1454:1546 These results were confirmed by flow cytometry after studying the effect of melanin polymerization on the surface accessibility of mannose-containing glycoconjugates to fluorescent concanavalin A. 24950099 3 84 from defenses 653:660 arg1 escape 625:630 its escape 621:630 its escape from the host immune defenses 621:660 It is commonly believed that infection by this fungus occurs through inhalation of airborne conidia, but the mechanisms allowing the adherence of Pseudallescheria to the host epithelial cells and its escape from the host immune defenses remain largely unknown. 24950099 3 84 from defenses 653:660 arg1 adherence 558:566 the adherence 554:566 the adherence of Pseudallescheria to the host epithelial cells 554:615 It is commonly believed that infection by this fungus occurs through inhalation of airborne conidia, but the mechanisms allowing the adherence of Pseudallescheria to the host epithelial cells and its escape from the host immune defenses remain largely unknown. 24950099 4 85 theme dynamic 780:786 arg1 changes 788:794 its dynamic changes 776:794 its dynamic changes 776:794 Given that the cell wall orchestrates all these processes, we were interested in studying its dynamic changes in conidia as function of the age of cultures. 24950099 3 86 theme conidia 517:523 arg1 inhalation 494:503 inhalation 494:503 inhalation of airborne conidia 494:523 It is commonly believed that infection by this fungus occurs through inhalation of airborne conidia, but the mechanisms allowing the adherence of Pseudallescheria to the host epithelial cells and its escape from the host immune defenses remain largely unknown. 24950099 1 87 theme respiratory 240:250 arg1 infections 252:261 fungal respiratory infections 233:261 fungal respiratory infections 233:261 Progress in extending the life expectancy of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients remains jeopardized by the increasing incidence of fungal respiratory infections. 25467463 3 0 theme CNT-MnO2 382:389 arg1 composites 391:400 CNT-MnO2 composites 382:400 CNT-MnO2 composites 382:400 The electrochemical signal of CNT-MnO2 composites coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) increased by nearly two orders of magnitude compared to bare GCE in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) environment. 25467463 4 1 theme CNT-MnO2 545:552 arg1 composite 554:562 CNT-MnO2 composite 545:562 CNT-MnO2 composite 545:562 CNT-MnO2 composite was subsequently validated as electrochemical tags for sensitive detection of α-fetoprotein (AFP), a tumor marker for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma. 25467463 4 1 theme CNT-MnO2 545:552 arg1 tags 610:613 electrochemical tags 594:613 electrochemical tags for sensitive detection of α-fetoprotein (AFP), a tumor marker for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma 594:716 CNT-MnO2 composite was subsequently validated as electrochemical tags for sensitive detection of α-fetoprotein (AFP), a tumor marker for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma. 25467463 3 2 from GCE 500:502 arg1 environment 532:542 hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) environment 507:542 hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) environment 507:542 The electrochemical signal of CNT-MnO2 composites coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) increased by nearly two orders of magnitude compared to bare GCE in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) environment. 25467463 3 3 theme composites 391:400 arg1 signal 372:377 The electrochemical signal 352:377 The electrochemical signal of CNT-MnO2 composites 352:400 The electrochemical signal of CNT-MnO2 composites coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) increased by nearly two orders of magnitude compared to bare GCE in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) environment. 25467463 3 4 dep increased 439:447 arg1 compared 483:490 compared 483:490 compared to bare GCE in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) environment 483:542 The electrochemical signal of CNT-MnO2 composites coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) increased by nearly two orders of magnitude compared to bare GCE in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) environment. 25467463 4 5 theme α-fetoprotein 642:654 arg1 detection 629:637 sensitive detection 619:637 sensitive detection of α-fetoprotein (AFP), a tumor marker for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma 619:716 CNT-MnO2 composite was subsequently validated as electrochemical tags for sensitive detection of α-fetoprotein (AFP), a tumor marker for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma. 25467463 5 6 theme AFP 802:804 arg1 concentrations 806:819 AFP concentrations 802:819 AFP concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 100 ng mL(-1) 802:853 The electrochemical immunosensor demonstrated a linear response on a log-scale for AFP concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 100 ng mL(-1). 25467463 5 7 theme electrochemical 723:737 arg1 immunosensor 739:750 The electrochemical immunosensor 719:750 The electrochemical immunosensor 719:750 The electrochemical immunosensor demonstrated a linear response on a log-scale for AFP concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 100 ng mL(-1). 25467463 7 8 theme spiked 972:977 arg1 samples 986:992 AFP spiked plasma samples 968:992 AFP spiked plasma samples 968:992 Further measurements using AFP spiked plasma samples revealed the applicability of fabricated CNT-MnO2 composites for clinical and diagnostic applications. 25467463 7 9 theme plasma 979:984 arg1 samples 986:992 AFP spiked plasma samples 968:992 AFP spiked plasma samples 968:992 Further measurements using AFP spiked plasma samples revealed the applicability of fabricated CNT-MnO2 composites for clinical and diagnostic applications. 25467463 3 10 theme carbon 416:421 arg1 electrode 423:431 glassy carbon electrode 409:431 glassy carbon electrode (GCE) 409:437 The electrochemical signal of CNT-MnO2 composites coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) increased by nearly two orders of magnitude compared to bare GCE in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) environment. 25467463 3 10 theme carbon 416:421 arg1 GCE 434:436 GCE 434:436 GCE 434:436 The electrochemical signal of CNT-MnO2 composites coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) increased by nearly two orders of magnitude compared to bare GCE in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) environment. 25467463 7 11 theme Further 941:947 arg1 measurements 949:960 Further measurements 941:960 Further measurements using AFP spiked plasma samples 941:992 Further measurements using AFP spiked plasma samples revealed the applicability of fabricated CNT-MnO2 composites for clinical and diagnostic applications. 25467463 1 12 theme non-enzymatic 186:198 arg1 amplification 207:219 non-enzymatic signal amplification 186:219 non-enzymatic signal amplification in immunosensing 186:236 This article reports on carbon nanotube/manganese dioxide (CNT-MnO2) composites as electrochemical tags for non-enzymatic signal amplification in immunosensing. 25467463 6 13 from mL 911:912 arg1 buffer 933:938 PBS buffer 929:938 PBS buffer 929:938 The limit of detection (LOD) was estimated to be 40 pg mL(-1) (S/N=3) in PBS buffer. 25467463 6 14 theme pg 908:909 arg1 mL 911:912 40 pg mL 905:912 40 pg mL(-1) (S/N=3) 905:924 The limit of detection (LOD) was estimated to be 40 pg mL(-1) (S/N=3) in PBS buffer. 25467463 6 14 theme pg 908:909 arg1 limit 860:864 The limit 856:864 The limit of detection (LOD) 856:883 The limit of detection (LOD) was estimated to be 40 pg mL(-1) (S/N=3) in PBS buffer. 25467463 6 14 theme pg 908:909 arg1 -1 914:915 -1 914:915 -1 914:915 The limit of detection (LOD) was estimated to be 40 pg mL(-1) (S/N=3) in PBS buffer. 25467463 6 14 theme pg 908:909 arg1 S/N=3 919:923 S/N=3 919:923 S/N=3 919:923 The limit of detection (LOD) was estimated to be 40 pg mL(-1) (S/N=3) in PBS buffer. 25467463 1 15 theme signal 200:205 arg1 amplification 207:219 non-enzymatic signal amplification 186:219 non-enzymatic signal amplification in immunosensing 186:236 This article reports on carbon nanotube/manganese dioxide (CNT-MnO2) composites as electrochemical tags for non-enzymatic signal amplification in immunosensing. 25467463 5 16 dep mL 848:849 arg1 ng 845:846 ng 845:846 ng 845:846 The electrochemical immunosensor demonstrated a linear response on a log-scale for AFP concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 100 ng mL(-1). 25467463 7 17 theme clinical 1059:1066 arg1 applications 1083:1094 clinical and diagnostic applications 1059:1094 clinical and diagnostic applications 1059:1094 Further measurements using AFP spiked plasma samples revealed the applicability of fabricated CNT-MnO2 composites for clinical and diagnostic applications. 25467463 4 18 theme sensitive 619:627 arg1 detection 629:637 sensitive detection 619:637 sensitive detection of α-fetoprotein (AFP), a tumor marker for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma 619:716 CNT-MnO2 composite was subsequently validated as electrochemical tags for sensitive detection of α-fetoprotein (AFP), a tumor marker for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma. 25467463 6 19 theme detection 869:877 arg1 mL 911:912 40 pg mL 905:912 40 pg mL(-1) (S/N=3) 905:924 The limit of detection (LOD) was estimated to be 40 pg mL(-1) (S/N=3) in PBS buffer. 25467463 6 19 theme detection 869:877 arg1 limit 860:864 The limit 856:864 The limit of detection (LOD) 856:883 The limit of detection (LOD) was estimated to be 40 pg mL(-1) (S/N=3) in PBS buffer. 25467463 1 20 theme carbon 102:107 arg1 CNT-MnO2 137:144 CNT-MnO2 137:144 CNT-MnO2 137:144 This article reports on carbon nanotube/manganese dioxide (CNT-MnO2) composites as electrochemical tags for non-enzymatic signal amplification in immunosensing. 25467463 1 20 theme carbon 102:107 arg1 dioxide 128:134 carbon nanotube/manganese dioxide 102:134 carbon nanotube/manganese dioxide (CNT-MnO2) composites as electrochemical tags for non-enzymatic signal amplification in immunosensing 102:236 This article reports on carbon nanotube/manganese dioxide (CNT-MnO2) composites as electrochemical tags for non-enzymatic signal amplification in immunosensing. 25467463 0 21 theme carbon 22:27 arg1 dioxide 48:54 carbon nanotube/manganese dioxide 22:54 carbon nanotube/manganese dioxide electrochemical tags 22:75 Immunosensor based on carbon nanotube/manganese dioxide electrochemical tags. 25467463 5 22 dep 100 841:843 arg1 to 838:839 to 838:839 to 838:839 The electrochemical immunosensor demonstrated a linear response on a log-scale for AFP concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 100 ng mL(-1). 25467463 1 23 theme nanotube/manganese 109:126 arg1 CNT-MnO2 137:144 CNT-MnO2 137:144 CNT-MnO2 137:144 This article reports on carbon nanotube/manganese dioxide (CNT-MnO2) composites as electrochemical tags for non-enzymatic signal amplification in immunosensing. 25467463 1 23 theme nanotube/manganese 109:126 arg1 dioxide 128:134 carbon nanotube/manganese dioxide 102:134 carbon nanotube/manganese dioxide (CNT-MnO2) composites as electrochemical tags for non-enzymatic signal amplification in immunosensing 102:236 This article reports on carbon nanotube/manganese dioxide (CNT-MnO2) composites as electrochemical tags for non-enzymatic signal amplification in immunosensing. 25467463 7 24 dep spiked 972:977 arg1 AFP 968:970 AFP 968:970 AFP 968:970 Further measurements using AFP spiked plasma samples revealed the applicability of fabricated CNT-MnO2 composites for clinical and diagnostic applications. 25467463 3 25 theme peroxide 516:523 arg1 environment 532:542 hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) environment 507:542 hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) environment 507:542 The electrochemical signal of CNT-MnO2 composites coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) increased by nearly two orders of magnitude compared to bare GCE in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) environment. 25467463 5 26 dep ng 845:846 arg1 100 841:843 100 841:843 100 841:843 The electrochemical immunosensor demonstrated a linear response on a log-scale for AFP concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 100 ng mL(-1). 25467463 1 27 theme dioxide 128:134 arg1 composites 147:156 carbon nanotube/manganese dioxide (CNT-MnO2) composites 102:156 carbon nanotube/manganese dioxide (CNT-MnO2) composites as electrochemical tags for non-enzymatic signal amplification in immunosensing 102:236 This article reports on carbon nanotube/manganese dioxide (CNT-MnO2) composites as electrochemical tags for non-enzymatic signal amplification in immunosensing. 25467463 0 28 theme dioxide 48:54 arg1 tags 72:75 carbon nanotube/manganese dioxide electrochemical tags 22:75 carbon nanotube/manganese dioxide electrochemical tags 22:75 Immunosensor based on carbon nanotube/manganese dioxide electrochemical tags. 25467463 3 29 dep coated 402:407 arg1 increased 439:447 increased 439:447 coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) increased by nearly two orders of magnitude compared to bare GCE in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) environment 402:542 The electrochemical signal of CNT-MnO2 composites coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) increased by nearly two orders of magnitude compared to bare GCE in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) environment. 25467463 2 30 theme good 282:285 arg1 activity 303:310 good electrochemical activity 282:310 good electrochemical activity 282:310 The synthesized CNT-MnO2 composites showed good electrochemical activity, electrical conductivity and stability. 25467463 0 31 theme nanotube/manganese 29:46 arg1 dioxide 48:54 carbon nanotube/manganese dioxide 22:54 carbon nanotube/manganese dioxide electrochemical tags 22:75 Immunosensor based on carbon nanotube/manganese dioxide electrochemical tags. 25467463 3 32 theme magnitude 473:481 arg1 orders 463:468 nearly two orders 452:468 nearly two orders of magnitude 452:481 The electrochemical signal of CNT-MnO2 composites coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) increased by nearly two orders of magnitude compared to bare GCE in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) environment. 25467463 7 33 theme CNT-MnO2 1035:1042 arg1 composites 1044:1053 fabricated CNT-MnO2 composites 1024:1053 fabricated CNT-MnO2 composites 1024:1053 Further measurements using AFP spiked plasma samples revealed the applicability of fabricated CNT-MnO2 composites for clinical and diagnostic applications. 25467463 3 34 theme hydrogen 507:514 arg1 H2O2 526:529 H2O2 526:529 H2O2 526:529 The electrochemical signal of CNT-MnO2 composites coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) increased by nearly two orders of magnitude compared to bare GCE in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) environment. 25467463 3 34 theme hydrogen 507:514 arg1 peroxide 516:523 hydrogen peroxide 507:523 hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) environment 507:542 The electrochemical signal of CNT-MnO2 composites coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) increased by nearly two orders of magnitude compared to bare GCE in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) environment. 25467463 6 35 theme PBS 929:931 arg1 buffer 933:938 PBS buffer 929:938 PBS buffer 929:938 The limit of detection (LOD) was estimated to be 40 pg mL(-1) (S/N=3) in PBS buffer. 25467463 7 36 theme composites 1044:1053 arg1 applicability 1007:1019 the applicability 1003:1019 the applicability of fabricated CNT-MnO2 composites for clinical and diagnostic applications 1003:1094 Further measurements using AFP spiked plasma samples revealed the applicability of fabricated CNT-MnO2 composites for clinical and diagnostic applications. 25467463 3 37 theme bare 495:498 arg1 GCE 500:502 bare GCE 495:502 bare GCE in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) environment 495:542 The electrochemical signal of CNT-MnO2 composites coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) increased by nearly two orders of magnitude compared to bare GCE in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) environment. 25467463 7 38 theme fabricated 1024:1033 arg1 composites 1044:1053 fabricated CNT-MnO2 composites 1024:1053 fabricated CNT-MnO2 composites 1024:1053 Further measurements using AFP spiked plasma samples revealed the applicability of fabricated CNT-MnO2 composites for clinical and diagnostic applications. 25467463 0 39 theme electrochemical 56:70 arg1 tags 72:75 carbon nanotube/manganese dioxide electrochemical tags 22:75 carbon nanotube/manganese dioxide electrochemical tags 22:75 Immunosensor based on carbon nanotube/manganese dioxide electrochemical tags. 25467463 7 40 theme diagnostic 1072:1081 arg1 applications 1083:1094 clinical and diagnostic applications 1059:1094 clinical and diagnostic applications 1059:1094 Further measurements using AFP spiked plasma samples revealed the applicability of fabricated CNT-MnO2 composites for clinical and diagnostic applications. 25467463 2 41 theme synthesized 243:253 arg1 composites 264:273 The synthesized CNT-MnO2 composites 239:273 The synthesized CNT-MnO2 composites 239:273 The synthesized CNT-MnO2 composites showed good electrochemical activity, electrical conductivity and stability. 25467463 2 42 theme CNT-MnO2 255:262 arg1 composites 264:273 The synthesized CNT-MnO2 composites 239:273 The synthesized CNT-MnO2 composites 239:273 The synthesized CNT-MnO2 composites showed good electrochemical activity, electrical conductivity and stability. 25467463 4 43 theme electrochemical 594:608 arg1 composite 554:562 CNT-MnO2 composite 545:562 CNT-MnO2 composite 545:562 CNT-MnO2 composite was subsequently validated as electrochemical tags for sensitive detection of α-fetoprotein (AFP), a tumor marker for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma. 25467463 4 43 theme electrochemical 594:608 arg1 tags 610:613 electrochemical tags 594:613 electrochemical tags for sensitive detection of α-fetoprotein (AFP), a tumor marker for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma 594:716 CNT-MnO2 composite was subsequently validated as electrochemical tags for sensitive detection of α-fetoprotein (AFP), a tumor marker for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma. 25467463 5 44 theme linear 767:772 arg1 response 774:781 a linear response 765:781 a linear response 765:781 The electrochemical immunosensor demonstrated a linear response on a log-scale for AFP concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 100 ng mL(-1). 25467463 2 45 theme electrical 313:322 arg1 conductivity 324:335 electrical conductivity 313:335 electrical conductivity 313:335 The synthesized CNT-MnO2 composites showed good electrochemical activity, electrical conductivity and stability. 25467463 3 46 theme electrochemical 356:370 arg1 signal 372:377 The electrochemical signal 352:377 The electrochemical signal of CNT-MnO2 composites 352:400 The electrochemical signal of CNT-MnO2 composites coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) increased by nearly two orders of magnitude compared to bare GCE in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) environment. 25467463 1 47 from amplification 207:219 arg1 immunosensing 224:236 immunosensing 224:236 immunosensing 224:236 This article reports on carbon nanotube/manganese dioxide (CNT-MnO2) composites as electrochemical tags for non-enzymatic signal amplification in immunosensing. 25467463 4 48 theme hepatocellular 693:706 arg1 carcinoma 708:716 diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma 682:716 diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma 682:716 CNT-MnO2 composite was subsequently validated as electrochemical tags for sensitive detection of α-fetoprotein (AFP), a tumor marker for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma. 25467463 4 49 theme diagnosing 682:691 arg1 carcinoma 708:716 diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma 682:716 diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma 682:716 CNT-MnO2 composite was subsequently validated as electrochemical tags for sensitive detection of α-fetoprotein (AFP), a tumor marker for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma. 25467463 3 50 theme glassy 409:414 arg1 electrode 423:431 glassy carbon electrode 409:431 glassy carbon electrode (GCE) 409:437 The electrochemical signal of CNT-MnO2 composites coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) increased by nearly two orders of magnitude compared to bare GCE in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) environment. 25467463 3 50 theme glassy 409:414 arg1 GCE 434:436 GCE 434:436 GCE 434:436 The electrochemical signal of CNT-MnO2 composites coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) increased by nearly two orders of magnitude compared to bare GCE in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) environment. 25467463 2 51 theme electrochemical 287:301 arg1 activity 303:310 good electrochemical activity 282:310 good electrochemical activity 282:310 The synthesized CNT-MnO2 composites showed good electrochemical activity, electrical conductivity and stability. 25467463 1 52 theme electrochemical 161:175 arg1 tags 177:180 electrochemical tags 161:180 electrochemical tags for non-enzymatic signal amplification in immunosensing 161:236 This article reports on carbon nanotube/manganese dioxide (CNT-MnO2) composites as electrochemical tags for non-enzymatic signal amplification in immunosensing. 25467463 4 53 theme tumor 665:669 arg1 α-fetoprotein 642:654 α-fetoprotein 642:654 α-fetoprotein (AFP) 642:660 CNT-MnO2 composite was subsequently validated as electrochemical tags for sensitive detection of α-fetoprotein (AFP), a tumor marker for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma. 25467463 4 53 theme tumor 665:669 arg1 marker 671:676 a tumor marker 663:676 a tumor marker for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma 663:716 CNT-MnO2 composite was subsequently validated as electrochemical tags for sensitive detection of α-fetoprotein (AFP), a tumor marker for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma. 24506706 0 0 theme artificial 87:96 arg1 nacre 98:102 bioinspired poly(vinyl alcohol)-clay-nanofibrillar cellulose artificial nacre 26:102 bioinspired poly(vinyl alcohol)-clay-nanofibrillar cellulose artificial nacre 26:102 Synergistic toughening of bioinspired poly(vinyl alcohol)-clay-nanofibrillar cellulose artificial nacre. 24506706 1 1 theme evaporation-induced 379:397 arg1 technique 413:421 an evaporation-induced self-assembly technique 376:421 an evaporation-induced self-assembly technique 376:421 Inspired by the layered aragonite platelet/nanofibrillar chitin/protein ternary structure and integration of extraordinary strength and toughness of natural nacre, artificial nacre based on clay platelet/nanofibrillar cellulose/poly(vinyl alcohol) is constructed through an evaporation-induced self-assembly technique. 24506706 2 2 from cellulose 496:504 arg1 effect 451:456 The synergistic toughening effect 424:456 The synergistic toughening effect from clay platelets and nanofibrillar cellulose 424:504 The synergistic toughening effect from clay platelets and nanofibrillar cellulose is successfully demonstrated. 24506706 0 3 theme cellulose 77:85 arg1 nacre 98:102 bioinspired poly(vinyl alcohol)-clay-nanofibrillar cellulose artificial nacre 26:102 bioinspired poly(vinyl alcohol)-clay-nanofibrillar cellulose artificial nacre 26:102 Synergistic toughening of bioinspired poly(vinyl alcohol)-clay-nanofibrillar cellulose artificial nacre. 24506706 1 4 theme self-assembly 399:411 arg1 technique 413:421 an evaporation-induced self-assembly technique 376:421 an evaporation-induced self-assembly technique 376:421 Inspired by the layered aragonite platelet/nanofibrillar chitin/protein ternary structure and integration of extraordinary strength and toughness of natural nacre, artificial nacre based on clay platelet/nanofibrillar cellulose/poly(vinyl alcohol) is constructed through an evaporation-induced self-assembly technique. 24506706 3 5 theme toughness 603:611 arg1 balance 579:585 an excellent balance 566:585 an excellent balance of strength and toughness 566:611 The artificial nacre achieves an excellent balance of strength and toughness and a fatigue-resistant property, superior to natural nacre and other conventional layered clay/polymer binary composites. 24506706 3 5 theme toughness 603:611 arg1 property 637:644 a fatigue-resistant property 617:644 a fatigue-resistant property 617:644 The artificial nacre achieves an excellent balance of strength and toughness and a fatigue-resistant property, superior to natural nacre and other conventional layered clay/polymer binary composites. 24506706 1 6 theme clay 295:298 arg1 cellulose/poly 323:336 clay platelet/nanofibrillar cellulose/poly 295:336 clay platelet/nanofibrillar cellulose/poly(vinyl alcohol) 295:351 Inspired by the layered aragonite platelet/nanofibrillar chitin/protein ternary structure and integration of extraordinary strength and toughness of natural nacre, artificial nacre based on clay platelet/nanofibrillar cellulose/poly(vinyl alcohol) is constructed through an evaporation-induced self-assembly technique. 24506706 1 6 theme clay 295:298 arg1 alcohol 344:350 vinyl alcohol 338:350 vinyl alcohol 338:350 Inspired by the layered aragonite platelet/nanofibrillar chitin/protein ternary structure and integration of extraordinary strength and toughness of natural nacre, artificial nacre based on clay platelet/nanofibrillar cellulose/poly(vinyl alcohol) is constructed through an evaporation-induced self-assembly technique. 24506706 0 7 theme nacre 98:102 arg1 toughening 12:21 Synergistic toughening 0:21 Synergistic toughening of bioinspired poly(vinyl alcohol)-clay-nanofibrillar cellulose artificial nacre. 0:103 Synergistic toughening of bioinspired poly(vinyl alcohol)-clay-nanofibrillar cellulose artificial nacre. 24506706 3 8 theme superior 647:654 arg1 property 637:644 a fatigue-resistant property 617:644 a fatigue-resistant property 617:644 The artificial nacre achieves an excellent balance of strength and toughness and a fatigue-resistant property, superior to natural nacre and other conventional layered clay/polymer binary composites. 24506706 1 9 theme platelet/nanofibrillar 300:321 arg1 cellulose/poly 323:336 clay platelet/nanofibrillar cellulose/poly 295:336 clay platelet/nanofibrillar cellulose/poly(vinyl alcohol) 295:351 Inspired by the layered aragonite platelet/nanofibrillar chitin/protein ternary structure and integration of extraordinary strength and toughness of natural nacre, artificial nacre based on clay platelet/nanofibrillar cellulose/poly(vinyl alcohol) is constructed through an evaporation-induced self-assembly technique. 24506706 1 9 theme platelet/nanofibrillar 300:321 arg1 alcohol 344:350 vinyl alcohol 338:350 vinyl alcohol 338:350 Inspired by the layered aragonite platelet/nanofibrillar chitin/protein ternary structure and integration of extraordinary strength and toughness of natural nacre, artificial nacre based on clay platelet/nanofibrillar cellulose/poly(vinyl alcohol) is constructed through an evaporation-induced self-assembly technique. 24506706 3 10 theme fatigue-resistant 619:635 arg1 property 637:644 a fatigue-resistant property 617:644 a fatigue-resistant property 617:644 The artificial nacre achieves an excellent balance of strength and toughness and a fatigue-resistant property, superior to natural nacre and other conventional layered clay/polymer binary composites. 24506706 2 11 theme clay 463:466 arg1 platelets 468:476 clay platelets 463:476 clay platelets 463:476 The synergistic toughening effect from clay platelets and nanofibrillar cellulose is successfully demonstrated. 24506706 1 12 dep structure 185:193 arg1 the 117:119 the 117:119 the 117:119 Inspired by the layered aragonite platelet/nanofibrillar chitin/protein ternary structure and integration of extraordinary strength and toughness of natural nacre, artificial nacre based on clay platelet/nanofibrillar cellulose/poly(vinyl alcohol) is constructed through an evaporation-induced self-assembly technique. 24506706 1 13 theme extraordinary 214:226 arg1 strength 228:235 extraordinary strength 214:235 extraordinary strength 214:235 Inspired by the layered aragonite platelet/nanofibrillar chitin/protein ternary structure and integration of extraordinary strength and toughness of natural nacre, artificial nacre based on clay platelet/nanofibrillar cellulose/poly(vinyl alcohol) is constructed through an evaporation-induced self-assembly technique. 24506706 0 14 theme Synergistic 0:10 arg1 toughening 12:21 Synergistic toughening 0:21 Synergistic toughening of bioinspired poly(vinyl alcohol)-clay-nanofibrillar cellulose artificial nacre. 0:103 Synergistic toughening of bioinspired poly(vinyl alcohol)-clay-nanofibrillar cellulose artificial nacre. 24506706 1 15 theme strength 228:235 arg1 integration 199:209 integration 199:209 integration 199:209 Inspired by the layered aragonite platelet/nanofibrillar chitin/protein ternary structure and integration of extraordinary strength and toughness of natural nacre, artificial nacre based on clay platelet/nanofibrillar cellulose/poly(vinyl alcohol) is constructed through an evaporation-induced self-assembly technique. 24506706 1 15 theme strength 228:235 arg1 structure 185:193 layered aragonite platelet/nanofibrillar chitin/protein ternary structure 121:193 layered aragonite platelet/nanofibrillar chitin/protein ternary structure 121:193 Inspired by the layered aragonite platelet/nanofibrillar chitin/protein ternary structure and integration of extraordinary strength and toughness of natural nacre, artificial nacre based on clay platelet/nanofibrillar cellulose/poly(vinyl alcohol) is constructed through an evaporation-induced self-assembly technique. 24506706 0 16 theme bioinspired 26:36 arg1 nacre 98:102 bioinspired poly(vinyl alcohol)-clay-nanofibrillar cellulose artificial nacre 26:102 bioinspired poly(vinyl alcohol)-clay-nanofibrillar cellulose artificial nacre 26:102 Synergistic toughening of bioinspired poly(vinyl alcohol)-clay-nanofibrillar cellulose artificial nacre. 24506706 2 17 theme synergistic 428:438 arg1 effect 451:456 The synergistic toughening effect 424:456 The synergistic toughening effect from clay platelets and nanofibrillar cellulose 424:504 The synergistic toughening effect from clay platelets and nanofibrillar cellulose is successfully demonstrated. 24506706 1 18 theme vinyl 338:342 arg1 cellulose/poly 323:336 clay platelet/nanofibrillar cellulose/poly 295:336 clay platelet/nanofibrillar cellulose/poly(vinyl alcohol) 295:351 Inspired by the layered aragonite platelet/nanofibrillar chitin/protein ternary structure and integration of extraordinary strength and toughness of natural nacre, artificial nacre based on clay platelet/nanofibrillar cellulose/poly(vinyl alcohol) is constructed through an evaporation-induced self-assembly technique. 24506706 1 18 theme vinyl 338:342 arg1 alcohol 344:350 vinyl alcohol 338:350 vinyl alcohol 338:350 Inspired by the layered aragonite platelet/nanofibrillar chitin/protein ternary structure and integration of extraordinary strength and toughness of natural nacre, artificial nacre based on clay platelet/nanofibrillar cellulose/poly(vinyl alcohol) is constructed through an evaporation-induced self-assembly technique. 24506706 2 19 theme toughening 440:449 arg1 effect 451:456 The synergistic toughening effect 424:456 The synergistic toughening effect from clay platelets and nanofibrillar cellulose 424:504 The synergistic toughening effect from clay platelets and nanofibrillar cellulose is successfully demonstrated. 24506706 3 20 theme natural 659:665 arg1 nacre 667:671 natural nacre 659:671 natural nacre 659:671 The artificial nacre achieves an excellent balance of strength and toughness and a fatigue-resistant property, superior to natural nacre and other conventional layered clay/polymer binary composites. 24506706 1 21 theme toughness 241:249 arg1 integration 199:209 integration 199:209 integration 199:209 Inspired by the layered aragonite platelet/nanofibrillar chitin/protein ternary structure and integration of extraordinary strength and toughness of natural nacre, artificial nacre based on clay platelet/nanofibrillar cellulose/poly(vinyl alcohol) is constructed through an evaporation-induced self-assembly technique. 24506706 1 21 theme toughness 241:249 arg1 structure 185:193 layered aragonite platelet/nanofibrillar chitin/protein ternary structure 121:193 layered aragonite platelet/nanofibrillar chitin/protein ternary structure 121:193 Inspired by the layered aragonite platelet/nanofibrillar chitin/protein ternary structure and integration of extraordinary strength and toughness of natural nacre, artificial nacre based on clay platelet/nanofibrillar cellulose/poly(vinyl alcohol) is constructed through an evaporation-induced self-assembly technique. 24506706 3 22 theme strength 590:597 arg1 balance 579:585 an excellent balance 566:585 an excellent balance of strength and toughness 566:611 The artificial nacre achieves an excellent balance of strength and toughness and a fatigue-resistant property, superior to natural nacre and other conventional layered clay/polymer binary composites. 24506706 3 22 theme strength 590:597 arg1 property 637:644 a fatigue-resistant property 617:644 a fatigue-resistant property 617:644 The artificial nacre achieves an excellent balance of strength and toughness and a fatigue-resistant property, superior to natural nacre and other conventional layered clay/polymer binary composites. 24506706 3 23 theme artificial 540:549 arg1 nacre 551:555 The artificial nacre 536:555 The artificial nacre 536:555 The artificial nacre achieves an excellent balance of strength and toughness and a fatigue-resistant property, superior to natural nacre and other conventional layered clay/polymer binary composites. 24506706 3 24 theme layered 696:702 arg1 composites 724:733 other conventional layered clay/polymer binary composites 677:733 other conventional layered clay/polymer binary composites 677:733 The artificial nacre achieves an excellent balance of strength and toughness and a fatigue-resistant property, superior to natural nacre and other conventional layered clay/polymer binary composites. 24506706 2 25 theme nanofibrillar 482:494 arg1 cellulose 496:504 nanofibrillar cellulose 482:504 nanofibrillar cellulose 482:504 The synergistic toughening effect from clay platelets and nanofibrillar cellulose is successfully demonstrated. 24506706 0 26 theme poly 38:41 arg1 nacre 98:102 bioinspired poly(vinyl alcohol)-clay-nanofibrillar cellulose artificial nacre 26:102 bioinspired poly(vinyl alcohol)-clay-nanofibrillar cellulose artificial nacre 26:102 Synergistic toughening of bioinspired poly(vinyl alcohol)-clay-nanofibrillar cellulose artificial nacre. 24506706 3 27 theme clay/polymer 704:715 arg1 composites 724:733 other conventional layered clay/polymer binary composites 677:733 other conventional layered clay/polymer binary composites 677:733 The artificial nacre achieves an excellent balance of strength and toughness and a fatigue-resistant property, superior to natural nacre and other conventional layered clay/polymer binary composites. 24506706 1 28 theme natural 254:260 arg1 nacre 262:266 natural nacre 254:266 natural nacre 254:266 Inspired by the layered aragonite platelet/nanofibrillar chitin/protein ternary structure and integration of extraordinary strength and toughness of natural nacre, artificial nacre based on clay platelet/nanofibrillar cellulose/poly(vinyl alcohol) is constructed through an evaporation-induced self-assembly technique. 24506706 0 29 theme alcohol 49:55 arg1 nacre 98:102 bioinspired poly(vinyl alcohol)-clay-nanofibrillar cellulose artificial nacre 26:102 bioinspired poly(vinyl alcohol)-clay-nanofibrillar cellulose artificial nacre 26:102 Synergistic toughening of bioinspired poly(vinyl alcohol)-clay-nanofibrillar cellulose artificial nacre. 24506706 3 30 theme other 677:681 arg1 composites 724:733 other conventional layered clay/polymer binary composites 677:733 other conventional layered clay/polymer binary composites 677:733 The artificial nacre achieves an excellent balance of strength and toughness and a fatigue-resistant property, superior to natural nacre and other conventional layered clay/polymer binary composites. 24506706 0 31 theme vinyl 43:47 arg1 nacre 98:102 bioinspired poly(vinyl alcohol)-clay-nanofibrillar cellulose artificial nacre 26:102 bioinspired poly(vinyl alcohol)-clay-nanofibrillar cellulose artificial nacre 26:102 Synergistic toughening of bioinspired poly(vinyl alcohol)-clay-nanofibrillar cellulose artificial nacre. 24506706 3 32 theme conventional 683:694 arg1 composites 724:733 other conventional layered clay/polymer binary composites 677:733 other conventional layered clay/polymer binary composites 677:733 The artificial nacre achieves an excellent balance of strength and toughness and a fatigue-resistant property, superior to natural nacre and other conventional layered clay/polymer binary composites. 24506706 2 33 from platelets 468:476 arg1 effect 451:456 The synergistic toughening effect 424:456 The synergistic toughening effect from clay platelets and nanofibrillar cellulose 424:504 The synergistic toughening effect from clay platelets and nanofibrillar cellulose is successfully demonstrated. 24506706 1 34 theme layered 121:127 arg1 structure 185:193 layered aragonite platelet/nanofibrillar chitin/protein ternary structure 121:193 layered aragonite platelet/nanofibrillar chitin/protein ternary structure 121:193 Inspired by the layered aragonite platelet/nanofibrillar chitin/protein ternary structure and integration of extraordinary strength and toughness of natural nacre, artificial nacre based on clay platelet/nanofibrillar cellulose/poly(vinyl alcohol) is constructed through an evaporation-induced self-assembly technique. 24506706 1 35 theme aragonite 129:137 arg1 structure 185:193 layered aragonite platelet/nanofibrillar chitin/protein ternary structure 121:193 layered aragonite platelet/nanofibrillar chitin/protein ternary structure 121:193 Inspired by the layered aragonite platelet/nanofibrillar chitin/protein ternary structure and integration of extraordinary strength and toughness of natural nacre, artificial nacre based on clay platelet/nanofibrillar cellulose/poly(vinyl alcohol) is constructed through an evaporation-induced self-assembly technique. 24506706 1 36 theme nacre 262:266 arg1 toughness 241:249 toughness 241:249 toughness 241:249 Inspired by the layered aragonite platelet/nanofibrillar chitin/protein ternary structure and integration of extraordinary strength and toughness of natural nacre, artificial nacre based on clay platelet/nanofibrillar cellulose/poly(vinyl alcohol) is constructed through an evaporation-induced self-assembly technique. 24506706 1 36 theme nacre 262:266 arg1 strength 228:235 extraordinary strength 214:235 extraordinary strength 214:235 Inspired by the layered aragonite platelet/nanofibrillar chitin/protein ternary structure and integration of extraordinary strength and toughness of natural nacre, artificial nacre based on clay platelet/nanofibrillar cellulose/poly(vinyl alcohol) is constructed through an evaporation-induced self-assembly technique. 24506706 1 37 theme platelet/nanofibrillar 139:160 arg1 structure 185:193 layered aragonite platelet/nanofibrillar chitin/protein ternary structure 121:193 layered aragonite platelet/nanofibrillar chitin/protein ternary structure 121:193 Inspired by the layered aragonite platelet/nanofibrillar chitin/protein ternary structure and integration of extraordinary strength and toughness of natural nacre, artificial nacre based on clay platelet/nanofibrillar cellulose/poly(vinyl alcohol) is constructed through an evaporation-induced self-assembly technique. 24506706 3 38 theme excellent 569:577 arg1 balance 579:585 an excellent balance 566:585 an excellent balance of strength and toughness 566:611 The artificial nacre achieves an excellent balance of strength and toughness and a fatigue-resistant property, superior to natural nacre and other conventional layered clay/polymer binary composites. 24506706 0 39 theme -clay-nanofibrillar 57:75 arg1 nacre 98:102 bioinspired poly(vinyl alcohol)-clay-nanofibrillar cellulose artificial nacre 26:102 bioinspired poly(vinyl alcohol)-clay-nanofibrillar cellulose artificial nacre 26:102 Synergistic toughening of bioinspired poly(vinyl alcohol)-clay-nanofibrillar cellulose artificial nacre. 24506706 3 40 theme binary 717:722 arg1 composites 724:733 other conventional layered clay/polymer binary composites 677:733 other conventional layered clay/polymer binary composites 677:733 The artificial nacre achieves an excellent balance of strength and toughness and a fatigue-resistant property, superior to natural nacre and other conventional layered clay/polymer binary composites. 24506706 1 41 theme chitin/protein 162:175 arg1 structure 185:193 layered aragonite platelet/nanofibrillar chitin/protein ternary structure 121:193 layered aragonite platelet/nanofibrillar chitin/protein ternary structure 121:193 Inspired by the layered aragonite platelet/nanofibrillar chitin/protein ternary structure and integration of extraordinary strength and toughness of natural nacre, artificial nacre based on clay platelet/nanofibrillar cellulose/poly(vinyl alcohol) is constructed through an evaporation-induced self-assembly technique. 24506706 1 42 theme artificial 269:278 arg1 nacre 280:284 artificial nacre 269:284 artificial nacre 269:284 Inspired by the layered aragonite platelet/nanofibrillar chitin/protein ternary structure and integration of extraordinary strength and toughness of natural nacre, artificial nacre based on clay platelet/nanofibrillar cellulose/poly(vinyl alcohol) is constructed through an evaporation-induced self-assembly technique. 24506706 1 43 theme ternary 177:183 arg1 structure 185:193 layered aragonite platelet/nanofibrillar chitin/protein ternary structure 121:193 layered aragonite platelet/nanofibrillar chitin/protein ternary structure 121:193 Inspired by the layered aragonite platelet/nanofibrillar chitin/protein ternary structure and integration of extraordinary strength and toughness of natural nacre, artificial nacre based on clay platelet/nanofibrillar cellulose/poly(vinyl alcohol) is constructed through an evaporation-induced self-assembly technique. 26354705 10 0 theme CO2 1166:1168 arg1 gas 1170:1172 CO2 gas 1166:1172 CO2 gas 1166:1172 The results indicated that the blended CA-TiO2 membrane adsorbed more quantity of CO2 gas as compared to pure CA membrane. 26354705 8 1 from behaviour 779:787 arg1 membranes 818:826 pure and composite membranes 799:826 pure and composite membranes 799:826 In this study, we have investigated the adsorption behaviour of CO2 in pure and composite membranes to explore the complete understanding of diffusion and solubility of CO2 through membranes. 26354705 11 2 theme CO2 1349:1351 arg1 separation 1353:1362 a better CO2 separation 1340:1362 a better CO2 separation 1340:1362 The high CO2 adsorption capacity may enhance the diffusion and solubility of CO2 in the CA-TiO2 composite membrane, which results in a better CO2 separation. 26354705 4 3 dep sieve 399:403 arg1 to 385:386 to 385:386 to 385:386 The separation of CO2 by a membrane is not just a process to physically sieve out of CO2 through the controlled membrane pore size. 26354705 10 4 theme gas 1170:1172 arg1 quantity 1154:1161 more quantity 1149:1161 more quantity of CO2 gas 1149:1172 The results indicated that the blended CA-TiO2 membrane adsorbed more quantity of CO2 gas as compared to pure CA membrane. 26354705 13 5 theme second 1529:1534 arg1 model 1542:1546 the Pseudo second order model 1518:1546 the Pseudo second order model 1518:1546 According to correlation factor R(2), the Pseudo second order model was fitted well with experimental data. 26354705 3 6 theme Membrane 210:217 arg1 technique 264:272 a fast growing CO2 capture technique 237:272 a fast growing CO2 capture technique 237:272 Membrane gas separation is a fast growing CO2 capture technique, particularly gas separation by composite membranes. 26354705 3 6 theme Membrane 210:217 arg1 separation 223:232 Membrane gas separation 210:232 Membrane gas separation 210:232 Membrane gas separation is a fast growing CO2 capture technique, particularly gas separation by composite membranes. 26354705 11 7 theme CO2 1284:1286 arg1 solubility 1270:1279 solubility 1270:1279 solubility 1270:1279 The high CO2 adsorption capacity may enhance the diffusion and solubility of CO2 in the CA-TiO2 composite membrane, which results in a better CO2 separation. 26354705 11 7 theme CO2 1284:1286 arg1 diffusion 1256:1264 diffusion 1256:1264 diffusion 1256:1264 The high CO2 adsorption capacity may enhance the diffusion and solubility of CO2 in the CA-TiO2 composite membrane, which results in a better CO2 separation. 26354705 3 8 theme growing 244:250 arg1 technique 264:272 a fast growing CO2 capture technique 237:272 a fast growing CO2 capture technique 237:272 Membrane gas separation is a fast growing CO2 capture technique, particularly gas separation by composite membranes. 26354705 3 8 theme growing 244:250 arg1 separation 223:232 Membrane gas separation 210:232 Membrane gas separation 210:232 Membrane gas separation is a fast growing CO2 capture technique, particularly gas separation by composite membranes. 26354705 3 8 theme growing 244:250 arg1 separation 292:301 gas separation 288:301 particularly gas separation by composite membranes 275:324 Membrane gas separation is a fast growing CO2 capture technique, particularly gas separation by composite membranes. 26354705 7 9 theme adsorption 649:658 arg1 kinetics 660:667 The adsorption kinetics 645:667 The adsorption kinetics of the gases 645:680 The adsorption kinetics of the gases may directly affect diffusion and solubility. 26354705 9 10 theme cellulose 952:960 arg1 membranes 1011:1019 cellulose acetate-titania nanoparticle (CA-TiO2) composite membranes 952:1019 cellulose acetate-titania nanoparticle (CA-TiO2) composite membranes 952:1019 Pure cellulose acetate (CA) and cellulose acetate-titania nanoparticle (CA-TiO2) composite membranes were fabricated and characterised using SEM and FTIR analysis. 26354705 14 11 theme dense 1651:1655 arg1 membranes 1657:1665 dense membranes 1651:1665 dense membranes 1651:1665 The intra particle diffusion model revealed that adsorption in dense membranes was not solely consisting of intra particle diffusion. 26354705 14 12 theme particle 1598:1605 arg1 model 1617:1621 The intra particle diffusion model 1588:1621 The intra particle diffusion model 1588:1621 The intra particle diffusion model revealed that adsorption in dense membranes was not solely consisting of intra particle diffusion. 26354705 13 13 theme factor 1505:1510 arg1 2 1514:1514 2 1514:1514 2 1514:1514 According to correlation factor R(2), the Pseudo second order model was fitted well with experimental data. 26354705 13 13 theme factor 1505:1510 arg1 R 1512:1512 correlation factor R 1493:1512 correlation factor R(2) 1493:1515 According to correlation factor R(2), the Pseudo second order model was fitted well with experimental data. 26354705 3 14 theme capture 256:262 arg1 technique 264:272 a fast growing CO2 capture technique 237:272 a fast growing CO2 capture technique 237:272 Membrane gas separation is a fast growing CO2 capture technique, particularly gas separation by composite membranes. 26354705 3 14 theme capture 256:262 arg1 separation 223:232 Membrane gas separation 210:232 Membrane gas separation 210:232 Membrane gas separation is a fast growing CO2 capture technique, particularly gas separation by composite membranes. 26354705 3 14 theme capture 256:262 arg1 separation 292:301 gas separation 288:301 particularly gas separation by composite membranes 275:324 Membrane gas separation is a fast growing CO2 capture technique, particularly gas separation by composite membranes. 26354705 6 15 from components 573:582 arg1 membranes 597:605 composite membranes 587:605 composite membranes 587:605 The blended components in composite membranes have a high capability to adsorb CO2. 26354705 9 16 theme acetate-titania 962:976 arg1 membranes 1011:1019 cellulose acetate-titania nanoparticle (CA-TiO2) composite membranes 952:1019 cellulose acetate-titania nanoparticle (CA-TiO2) composite membranes 952:1019 Pure cellulose acetate (CA) and cellulose acetate-titania nanoparticle (CA-TiO2) composite membranes were fabricated and characterised using SEM and FTIR analysis. 26354705 1 17 theme climatic 125:132 arg1 changes 134:140 global climatic changes 118:140 global climatic changes 118:140 CO2 is the main greenhouse gas which causes global climatic changes on larger scale. 26354705 8 18 theme CO2 792:794 arg1 behaviour 779:787 the adsorption behaviour 764:787 the adsorption behaviour of CO2 in pure and composite membranes 764:826 In this study, we have investigated the adsorption behaviour of CO2 in pure and composite membranes to explore the complete understanding of diffusion and solubility of CO2 through membranes. 26354705 3 19 theme gas 288:290 arg1 technique 264:272 a fast growing CO2 capture technique 237:272 a fast growing CO2 capture technique 237:272 Membrane gas separation is a fast growing CO2 capture technique, particularly gas separation by composite membranes. 26354705 3 19 theme gas 288:290 arg1 separation 292:301 gas separation 288:301 particularly gas separation by composite membranes 275:324 Membrane gas separation is a fast growing CO2 capture technique, particularly gas separation by composite membranes. 26354705 4 20 theme pore 448:451 arg1 size 453:456 the controlled membrane pore size 424:456 the controlled membrane pore size 424:456 The separation of CO2 by a membrane is not just a process to physically sieve out of CO2 through the controlled membrane pore size. 26354705 11 21 theme adsorption 1220:1229 arg1 capacity 1231:1238 The high CO2 adsorption capacity 1207:1238 The high CO2 adsorption capacity 1207:1238 The high CO2 adsorption capacity may enhance the diffusion and solubility of CO2 in the CA-TiO2 composite membrane, which results in a better CO2 separation. 26354705 5 22 theme dense 544:548 arg1 membranes 550:558 composite dense membranes 534:558 composite dense membranes 534:558 It mainly depends upon diffusion and solubility of gases, particularly for composite dense membranes. 26354705 8 23 theme pure 799:802 arg1 membranes 818:826 pure and composite membranes 799:826 pure and composite membranes 799:826 In this study, we have investigated the adsorption behaviour of CO2 in pure and composite membranes to explore the complete understanding of diffusion and solubility of CO2 through membranes. 26354705 12 24 theme particle 1453:1460 arg1 models 1472:1477 intra particle diffusion models 1447:1477 intra particle diffusion models 1447:1477 The experimental data was modelled by Pseudo first-order, pseudo second order and intra particle diffusion models. 26354705 11 25 theme high 1211:1214 arg1 capacity 1231:1238 The high CO2 adsorption capacity 1207:1238 The high CO2 adsorption capacity 1207:1238 The high CO2 adsorption capacity may enhance the diffusion and solubility of CO2 in the CA-TiO2 composite membrane, which results in a better CO2 separation. 26354705 6 26 theme blended 565:571 arg1 components 573:582 The blended components 561:582 The blended components in composite membranes 561:605 The blended components in composite membranes have a high capability to adsorb CO2. 26354705 14 27 from adsorption 1637:1646 arg1 membranes 1657:1665 dense membranes 1651:1665 dense membranes 1651:1665 The intra particle diffusion model revealed that adsorption in dense membranes was not solely consisting of intra particle diffusion. 26354705 8 28 theme composite 808:816 arg1 membranes 818:826 pure and composite membranes 799:826 pure and composite membranes 799:826 In this study, we have investigated the adsorption behaviour of CO2 in pure and composite membranes to explore the complete understanding of diffusion and solubility of CO2 through membranes. 26354705 4 29 theme controlled 428:437 arg1 size 453:456 the controlled membrane pore size 424:456 the controlled membrane pore size 424:456 The separation of CO2 by a membrane is not just a process to physically sieve out of CO2 through the controlled membrane pore size. 26354705 0 30 theme CO2 0:2 arg1 adsorption 4:13 CO2 adsorption 0:13 CO2 adsorption using TiO2 composite polymeric membranes 0:54 CO2 adsorption using TiO2 composite polymeric membranes: A kinetic study. 26354705 0 31 dep study 67:71 arg1 adsorption 4:13 CO2 adsorption 0:13 CO2 adsorption using TiO2 composite polymeric membranes 0:54 CO2 adsorption using TiO2 composite polymeric membranes: A kinetic study. 26354705 7 32 theme gases 676:680 arg1 kinetics 660:667 The adsorption kinetics 645:667 The adsorption kinetics of the gases 645:680 The adsorption kinetics of the gases may directly affect diffusion and solubility. 26354705 9 33 theme SEM 1061:1063 arg1 analysis 1074:1081 SEM and FTIR analysis 1061:1081 analysis 1074:1081 Pure cellulose acetate (CA) and cellulose acetate-titania nanoparticle (CA-TiO2) composite membranes were fabricated and characterised using SEM and FTIR analysis. 26354705 1 34 theme main 85:88 arg1 gas 101:103 the main greenhouse gas 81:103 the main greenhouse gas which causes global climatic changes on larger scale 81:156 CO2 is the main greenhouse gas which causes global climatic changes on larger scale. 26354705 1 34 theme main 85:88 arg1 CO2 74:76 CO2 74:76 CO2 74:76 CO2 is the main greenhouse gas which causes global climatic changes on larger scale. 26354705 13 35 theme experimental 1569:1580 arg1 data 1582:1585 experimental data 1569:1585 experimental data 1569:1585 According to correlation factor R(2), the Pseudo second order model was fitted well with experimental data. 26354705 9 36 theme FTIR 1069:1072 arg1 analysis 1074:1081 SEM and FTIR analysis 1061:1081 analysis 1074:1081 Pure cellulose acetate (CA) and cellulose acetate-titania nanoparticle (CA-TiO2) composite membranes were fabricated and characterised using SEM and FTIR analysis. 26354705 0 37 theme composite 26:34 arg1 membranes 46:54 TiO2 composite polymeric membranes 21:54 TiO2 composite polymeric membranes 21:54 CO2 adsorption using TiO2 composite polymeric membranes: A kinetic study. 26354705 10 38 theme blended 1115:1121 arg1 membrane 1131:1138 the blended CA-TiO2 membrane 1111:1138 the blended CA-TiO2 membrane 1111:1138 The results indicated that the blended CA-TiO2 membrane adsorbed more quantity of CO2 gas as compared to pure CA membrane. 26354705 12 39 theme intra 1447:1451 arg1 models 1472:1477 intra particle diffusion models 1447:1477 intra particle diffusion models 1447:1477 The experimental data was modelled by Pseudo first-order, pseudo second order and intra particle diffusion models. 26354705 8 40 theme diffusion 869:877 arg1 understanding 852:864 the complete understanding 839:864 the complete understanding of diffusion and solubility of CO2 through membranes 839:917 In this study, we have investigated the adsorption behaviour of CO2 in pure and composite membranes to explore the complete understanding of diffusion and solubility of CO2 through membranes. 26354705 13 41 theme order 1536:1540 arg1 model 1542:1546 the Pseudo second order model 1518:1546 the Pseudo second order model 1518:1546 According to correlation factor R(2), the Pseudo second order model was fitted well with experimental data. 26354705 14 42 theme intra 1696:1700 arg1 diffusion 1711:1719 intra particle diffusion 1696:1719 intra particle diffusion 1696:1719 The intra particle diffusion model revealed that adsorption in dense membranes was not solely consisting of intra particle diffusion. 26354705 8 43 theme solubility 883:892 arg1 understanding 852:864 the complete understanding 839:864 the complete understanding of diffusion and solubility of CO2 through membranes 839:917 In this study, we have investigated the adsorption behaviour of CO2 in pure and composite membranes to explore the complete understanding of diffusion and solubility of CO2 through membranes. 26354705 10 44 theme more 1149:1152 arg1 quantity 1154:1161 more quantity 1149:1161 more quantity of CO2 gas 1149:1172 The results indicated that the blended CA-TiO2 membrane adsorbed more quantity of CO2 gas as compared to pure CA membrane. 26354705 12 45 theme pseudo 1423:1428 arg1 order 1437:1441 pseudo second order 1423:1441 pseudo second order 1423:1441 The experimental data was modelled by Pseudo first-order, pseudo second order and intra particle diffusion models. 26354705 8 46 theme CO2 897:899 arg1 solubility 883:892 solubility 883:892 solubility 883:892 In this study, we have investigated the adsorption behaviour of CO2 in pure and composite membranes to explore the complete understanding of diffusion and solubility of CO2 through membranes. 26354705 8 46 theme CO2 897:899 arg1 diffusion 869:877 diffusion 869:877 diffusion 869:877 In this study, we have investigated the adsorption behaviour of CO2 in pure and composite membranes to explore the complete understanding of diffusion and solubility of CO2 through membranes. 26354705 6 47 theme composite 587:595 arg1 membranes 597:605 composite membranes 587:605 composite membranes 587:605 The blended components in composite membranes have a high capability to adsorb CO2. 26354705 4 48 dep CO2 412:414 arg1 out 405:407 out 405:407 out 405:407 The separation of CO2 by a membrane is not just a process to physically sieve out of CO2 through the controlled membrane pore size. 26354705 11 49 theme better 1342:1347 arg1 separation 1353:1362 a better CO2 separation 1340:1362 a better CO2 separation 1340:1362 The high CO2 adsorption capacity may enhance the diffusion and solubility of CO2 in the CA-TiO2 composite membrane, which results in a better CO2 separation. 26354705 13 50 theme Pseudo 1522:1527 arg1 model 1542:1546 the Pseudo second order model 1518:1546 the Pseudo second order model 1518:1546 According to correlation factor R(2), the Pseudo second order model was fitted well with experimental data. 26354705 1 51 theme larger 145:150 arg1 scale 152:156 larger scale 145:156 larger scale 145:156 CO2 is the main greenhouse gas which causes global climatic changes on larger scale. 26354705 12 52 theme experimental 1369:1380 arg1 data 1382:1385 The experimental data 1365:1385 The experimental data 1365:1385 The experimental data was modelled by Pseudo first-order, pseudo second order and intra particle diffusion models. 26354705 4 53 theme CO2 345:347 arg1 process 377:383 a process 375:383 a process to physically sieve out of CO2 through the controlled membrane pore size 375:456 The separation of CO2 by a membrane is not just a process to physically sieve out of CO2 through the controlled membrane pore size. 26354705 4 53 theme CO2 345:347 arg1 separation 331:340 The separation 327:340 The separation of CO2 by a membrane 327:361 The separation of CO2 by a membrane is not just a process to physically sieve out of CO2 through the controlled membrane pore size. 26354705 9 54 theme Pure 920:923 arg1 CA 944:945 CA 944:945 CA 944:945 Pure cellulose acetate (CA) and cellulose acetate-titania nanoparticle (CA-TiO2) composite membranes were fabricated and characterised using SEM and FTIR analysis. 26354705 9 54 theme Pure 920:923 arg1 acetate 935:941 Pure cellulose acetate 920:941 Pure cellulose acetate (CA) 920:946 Pure cellulose acetate (CA) and cellulose acetate-titania nanoparticle (CA-TiO2) composite membranes were fabricated and characterised using SEM and FTIR analysis. 26354705 3 55 theme gas 219:221 arg1 technique 264:272 a fast growing CO2 capture technique 237:272 a fast growing CO2 capture technique 237:272 Membrane gas separation is a fast growing CO2 capture technique, particularly gas separation by composite membranes. 26354705 3 55 theme gas 219:221 arg1 separation 223:232 Membrane gas separation 210:232 Membrane gas separation 210:232 Membrane gas separation is a fast growing CO2 capture technique, particularly gas separation by composite membranes. 26354705 9 56 theme cellulose 925:933 arg1 CA 944:945 CA 944:945 CA 944:945 Pure cellulose acetate (CA) and cellulose acetate-titania nanoparticle (CA-TiO2) composite membranes were fabricated and characterised using SEM and FTIR analysis. 26354705 9 56 theme cellulose 925:933 arg1 acetate 935:941 Pure cellulose acetate 920:941 Pure cellulose acetate (CA) 920:946 Pure cellulose acetate (CA) and cellulose acetate-titania nanoparticle (CA-TiO2) composite membranes were fabricated and characterised using SEM and FTIR analysis. 26354705 6 57 contain have 607:610 arg2 capability 619:628 a high capability 612:628 a high capability to adsorb CO2 612:642 The blended components in composite membranes have a high capability to adsorb CO2. 26354705 6 57 contain have 607:610 arg1 components 573:582 The blended components 561:582 The blended components in composite membranes 561:605 The blended components in composite membranes have a high capability to adsorb CO2. 26354705 11 58 theme CA-TiO2 1295:1301 arg1 membrane 1313:1320 the CA-TiO2 composite membrane 1291:1320 the CA-TiO2 composite membrane 1291:1320 The high CO2 adsorption capacity may enhance the diffusion and solubility of CO2 in the CA-TiO2 composite membrane, which results in a better CO2 separation. 26354705 3 59 theme fast 239:242 arg1 technique 264:272 a fast growing CO2 capture technique 237:272 a fast growing CO2 capture technique 237:272 Membrane gas separation is a fast growing CO2 capture technique, particularly gas separation by composite membranes. 26354705 3 59 theme fast 239:242 arg1 separation 223:232 Membrane gas separation 210:232 Membrane gas separation 210:232 Membrane gas separation is a fast growing CO2 capture technique, particularly gas separation by composite membranes. 26354705 3 59 theme fast 239:242 arg1 separation 292:301 gas separation 288:301 particularly gas separation by composite membranes 275:324 Membrane gas separation is a fast growing CO2 capture technique, particularly gas separation by composite membranes. 26354705 14 60 theme diffusion 1607:1615 arg1 model 1617:1621 The intra particle diffusion model 1588:1621 The intra particle diffusion model 1588:1621 The intra particle diffusion model revealed that adsorption in dense membranes was not solely consisting of intra particle diffusion. 26354705 13 61 theme correlation 1493:1503 arg1 2 1514:1514 2 1514:1514 2 1514:1514 According to correlation factor R(2), the Pseudo second order model was fitted well with experimental data. 26354705 13 61 theme correlation 1493:1503 arg1 R 1512:1512 correlation factor R 1493:1512 correlation factor R(2) 1493:1515 According to correlation factor R(2), the Pseudo second order model was fitted well with experimental data. 26354705 1 62 theme greenhouse 90:99 arg1 gas 101:103 the main greenhouse gas 81:103 the main greenhouse gas which causes global climatic changes on larger scale 81:156 CO2 is the main greenhouse gas which causes global climatic changes on larger scale. 26354705 1 62 theme greenhouse 90:99 arg1 CO2 74:76 CO2 74:76 CO2 74:76 CO2 is the main greenhouse gas which causes global climatic changes on larger scale. 26354705 10 63 theme pure 1189:1192 arg1 membrane 1197:1204 pure CA membrane 1189:1204 pure CA membrane 1189:1204 The results indicated that the blended CA-TiO2 membrane adsorbed more quantity of CO2 gas as compared to pure CA membrane. 26354705 14 64 theme intra 1592:1596 arg1 model 1617:1621 The intra particle diffusion model 1588:1621 The intra particle diffusion model 1588:1621 The intra particle diffusion model revealed that adsorption in dense membranes was not solely consisting of intra particle diffusion. 26354705 5 65 theme gases 510:514 arg1 solubility 496:505 solubility 496:505 solubility 496:505 It mainly depends upon diffusion and solubility of gases, particularly for composite dense membranes. 26354705 5 65 theme gases 510:514 arg1 diffusion 482:490 diffusion 482:490 diffusion 482:490 It mainly depends upon diffusion and solubility of gases, particularly for composite dense membranes. 26354705 9 66 theme nanoparticle 978:989 arg1 membranes 1011:1019 cellulose acetate-titania nanoparticle (CA-TiO2) composite membranes 952:1019 cellulose acetate-titania nanoparticle (CA-TiO2) composite membranes 952:1019 Pure cellulose acetate (CA) and cellulose acetate-titania nanoparticle (CA-TiO2) composite membranes were fabricated and characterised using SEM and FTIR analysis. 26354705 0 67 theme kinetic 59:65 arg1 study 67:71 A kinetic study 57:71 A kinetic study 57:71 CO2 adsorption using TiO2 composite polymeric membranes: A kinetic study. 26354705 10 68 theme CA 1194:1195 arg1 membrane 1197:1204 pure CA membrane 1189:1204 pure CA membrane 1189:1204 The results indicated that the blended CA-TiO2 membrane adsorbed more quantity of CO2 gas as compared to pure CA membrane. 26354705 1 69 theme global 118:123 arg1 changes 134:140 global climatic changes 118:140 global climatic changes 118:140 CO2 is the main greenhouse gas which causes global climatic changes on larger scale. 26354705 8 70 theme adsorption 768:777 arg1 behaviour 779:787 the adsorption behaviour 764:787 the adsorption behaviour of CO2 in pure and composite membranes 764:826 In this study, we have investigated the adsorption behaviour of CO2 in pure and composite membranes to explore the complete understanding of diffusion and solubility of CO2 through membranes. 26354705 3 71 theme composite 306:314 arg1 membranes 316:324 composite membranes 306:324 composite membranes 306:324 Membrane gas separation is a fast growing CO2 capture technique, particularly gas separation by composite membranes. 26354705 9 72 theme CA-TiO2 992:998 arg1 membranes 1011:1019 cellulose acetate-titania nanoparticle (CA-TiO2) composite membranes 952:1019 cellulose acetate-titania nanoparticle (CA-TiO2) composite membranes 952:1019 Pure cellulose acetate (CA) and cellulose acetate-titania nanoparticle (CA-TiO2) composite membranes were fabricated and characterised using SEM and FTIR analysis. 26354705 12 73 theme diffusion 1462:1470 arg1 models 1472:1477 intra particle diffusion models 1447:1477 intra particle diffusion models 1447:1477 The experimental data was modelled by Pseudo first-order, pseudo second order and intra particle diffusion models. 26354705 3 74 theme CO2 252:254 arg1 technique 264:272 a fast growing CO2 capture technique 237:272 a fast growing CO2 capture technique 237:272 Membrane gas separation is a fast growing CO2 capture technique, particularly gas separation by composite membranes. 26354705 3 74 theme CO2 252:254 arg1 separation 223:232 Membrane gas separation 210:232 Membrane gas separation 210:232 Membrane gas separation is a fast growing CO2 capture technique, particularly gas separation by composite membranes. 26354705 3 74 theme CO2 252:254 arg1 separation 292:301 gas separation 288:301 particularly gas separation by composite membranes 275:324 Membrane gas separation is a fast growing CO2 capture technique, particularly gas separation by composite membranes. 26354705 9 75 theme composite 1001:1009 arg1 membranes 1011:1019 cellulose acetate-titania nanoparticle (CA-TiO2) composite membranes 952:1019 cellulose acetate-titania nanoparticle (CA-TiO2) composite membranes 952:1019 Pure cellulose acetate (CA) and cellulose acetate-titania nanoparticle (CA-TiO2) composite membranes were fabricated and characterised using SEM and FTIR analysis. 26354705 11 76 theme CO2 1216:1218 arg1 capacity 1231:1238 The high CO2 adsorption capacity 1207:1238 The high CO2 adsorption capacity 1207:1238 The high CO2 adsorption capacity may enhance the diffusion and solubility of CO2 in the CA-TiO2 composite membrane, which results in a better CO2 separation. 26354705 11 77 from solubility 1270:1279 arg1 membrane 1313:1320 the CA-TiO2 composite membrane 1291:1320 the CA-TiO2 composite membrane 1291:1320 The high CO2 adsorption capacity may enhance the diffusion and solubility of CO2 in the CA-TiO2 composite membrane, which results in a better CO2 separation. 26354705 4 78 theme membrane 439:446 arg1 size 453:456 the controlled membrane pore size 424:456 the controlled membrane pore size 424:456 The separation of CO2 by a membrane is not just a process to physically sieve out of CO2 through the controlled membrane pore size. 26354705 6 79 theme high 614:617 arg1 capability 619:628 a high capability 612:628 a high capability to adsorb CO2 612:642 The blended components in composite membranes have a high capability to adsorb CO2. 26354705 0 80 theme TiO2 21:24 arg1 membranes 46:54 TiO2 composite polymeric membranes 21:54 TiO2 composite polymeric membranes 21:54 CO2 adsorption using TiO2 composite polymeric membranes: A kinetic study. 26354705 5 81 theme composite 534:542 arg1 membranes 550:558 composite dense membranes 534:558 composite dense membranes 534:558 It mainly depends upon diffusion and solubility of gases, particularly for composite dense membranes. 26354705 2 82 theme Many 159:162 arg1 techniques 164:173 Many techniques 159:173 Many techniques 159:173 Many techniques have been utilised to capture CO2. 26354705 0 83 theme polymeric 36:44 arg1 membranes 46:54 TiO2 composite polymeric membranes 21:54 TiO2 composite polymeric membranes 21:54 CO2 adsorption using TiO2 composite polymeric membranes: A kinetic study. 26354705 11 84 from diffusion 1256:1264 arg1 membrane 1313:1320 the CA-TiO2 composite membrane 1291:1320 the CA-TiO2 composite membrane 1291:1320 The high CO2 adsorption capacity may enhance the diffusion and solubility of CO2 in the CA-TiO2 composite membrane, which results in a better CO2 separation. 26354705 12 85 theme second 1430:1435 arg1 order 1437:1441 pseudo second order 1423:1441 pseudo second order 1423:1441 The experimental data was modelled by Pseudo first-order, pseudo second order and intra particle diffusion models. 26354705 8 86 theme complete 843:850 arg1 understanding 852:864 the complete understanding 839:864 the complete understanding of diffusion and solubility of CO2 through membranes 839:917 In this study, we have investigated the adsorption behaviour of CO2 in pure and composite membranes to explore the complete understanding of diffusion and solubility of CO2 through membranes. 26354705 11 87 theme composite 1303:1311 arg1 membrane 1313:1320 the CA-TiO2 composite membrane 1291:1320 the CA-TiO2 composite membrane 1291:1320 The high CO2 adsorption capacity may enhance the diffusion and solubility of CO2 in the CA-TiO2 composite membrane, which results in a better CO2 separation. 26354705 14 88 theme particle 1702:1709 arg1 diffusion 1711:1719 intra particle diffusion 1696:1719 intra particle diffusion 1696:1719 The intra particle diffusion model revealed that adsorption in dense membranes was not solely consisting of intra particle diffusion. 26354705 11 89 dep diffusion 1256:1264 arg1 the 1252:1254 the 1252:1254 the 1252:1254 The high CO2 adsorption capacity may enhance the diffusion and solubility of CO2 in the CA-TiO2 composite membrane, which results in a better CO2 separation. 26354705 12 90 theme Pseudo 1403:1408 arg1 first-order 1410:1420 Pseudo first-order 1403:1420 Pseudo first-order 1403:1420 The experimental data was modelled by Pseudo first-order, pseudo second order and intra particle diffusion models. 26354705 10 91 theme CA-TiO2 1123:1129 arg1 membrane 1131:1138 the blended CA-TiO2 membrane 1111:1138 the blended CA-TiO2 membrane 1111:1138 The results indicated that the blended CA-TiO2 membrane adsorbed more quantity of CO2 gas as compared to pure CA membrane. 26595176 1 0 theme different 255:263 arg1 replacers 278:286 11 different salt and fat replacers 252:286 11 different salt and fat replacers 252:286 Twenty-two black puddings possessing different fat (10%, 5%) and sodium (0.6%, 0.4%) levels were used as base formulations for 11 different salt and fat replacers. 26595176 6 1 theme Ireland 1032:1038 arg1 Authority 1019:1027 The Food Safety Authority 1003:1027 The Food Safety Authority of Ireland (FSAI) recommends a sodium target level of 0.6% and an even lower sodium level (0.4%) 1003:1124 The Food Safety Authority of Ireland (FSAI) recommends a sodium target level of 0.6% and an even lower sodium level (0.4%) was achieved. 26595176 3 2 theme potassium 418:426 arg1 chloride 428:435 potassium chloride 418:435 potassium chloride (KCl) 418:441 Black pudding samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing potassium chloride (KCl), potassium chloride and glycine mixture (KClG), and seaweed, respectively, and 10% fat and 0.4% sodium containing carrageen were rated higher (P<0.05) for spiciness and saltiness. 26595176 3 2 theme potassium 418:426 arg1 KCl 438:440 KCl 438:440 KCl 438:440 Black pudding samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing potassium chloride (KCl), potassium chloride and glycine mixture (KClG), and seaweed, respectively, and 10% fat and 0.4% sodium containing carrageen were rated higher (P<0.05) for spiciness and saltiness. 26595176 1 3 used used 222:225 arg2 puddings 142:149 Twenty-two black puddings 125:149 Twenty-two black puddings possessing different fat (10%, 5%) and sodium (0.6%, 0.4%) levels 125:215 Twenty-two black puddings possessing different fat (10%, 5%) and sodium (0.6%, 0.4%) levels were used as base formulations for 11 different salt and fat replacers. 26595176 1 3 used used 222:225 arg2 formulations 235:246 base formulations 230:246 base formulations for 11 different salt and fat replacers 230:286 Twenty-two black puddings possessing different fat (10%, 5%) and sodium (0.6%, 0.4%) levels were used as base formulations for 11 different salt and fat replacers. 26595176 5 4 theme 0.4 907:909 arg1 % 910:910 % 910:910 % 910:910 Samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing pectin and a combination of potassium citrate, potassium phosphate and potassium chloride (KCPCl), as well as samples containing 10% fat and 0.4% sodium with waxy maize starch (WMS) were liked (P<0.05) for flavor and overall acceptance. 26595176 1 5 theme salt 265:268 arg1 replacers 278:286 11 different salt and fat replacers 252:286 11 different salt and fat replacers 252:286 Twenty-two black puddings possessing different fat (10%, 5%) and sodium (0.6%, 0.4%) levels were used as base formulations for 11 different salt and fat replacers. 26595176 1 6 theme different 162:170 arg1 levels 210:215 different fat (10%, 5%) and sodium (0.6%, 0.4%) levels 162:215 different fat (10%, 5%) and sodium (0.6%, 0.4%) levels 162:215 Twenty-two black puddings possessing different fat (10%, 5%) and sodium (0.6%, 0.4%) levels were used as base formulations for 11 different salt and fat replacers. 26595176 0 7 theme salt 96:99 arg1 puddings 115:122 reduced salt and fat black puddings 88:122 reduced salt and fat black puddings 88:122 Impact of ingredient replacers on the physicochemical properties and sensory quality of reduced salt and fat black puddings. 26595176 0 8 from Impact 0:5 arg1 quality 77:83 sensory quality 69:83 sensory quality 69:83 Impact of ingredient replacers on the physicochemical properties and sensory quality of reduced salt and fat black puddings. 26595176 0 8 from Impact 0:5 arg1 properties 54:63 physicochemical properties 38:63 physicochemical properties 38:63 Impact of ingredient replacers on the physicochemical properties and sensory quality of reduced salt and fat black puddings. 26595176 5 9 theme potassium 837:845 arg1 chloride 847:854 potassium chloride 837:854 potassium chloride 837:854 Samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing pectin and a combination of potassium citrate, potassium phosphate and potassium chloride (KCPCl), as well as samples containing 10% fat and 0.4% sodium with waxy maize starch (WMS) were liked (P<0.05) for flavor and overall acceptance. 26595176 3 10 theme potassium 444:452 arg1 KClG 484:487 KClG 484:487 KClG 484:487 Black pudding samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing potassium chloride (KCl), potassium chloride and glycine mixture (KClG), and seaweed, respectively, and 10% fat and 0.4% sodium containing carrageen were rated higher (P<0.05) for spiciness and saltiness. 26595176 3 10 theme potassium 444:452 arg1 chloride 454:461 potassium chloride 444:461 potassium chloride 444:461 Black pudding samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing potassium chloride (KCl), potassium chloride and glycine mixture (KClG), and seaweed, respectively, and 10% fat and 0.4% sodium containing carrageen were rated higher (P<0.05) for spiciness and saltiness. 26595176 4 11 dep rated 681:685 arg1 P<0.05 699:704 P<0.05 699:704 P<0.05 699:704 Samples with 10% fat and 0.4% sodium containing KClG were rated positively (P<0.05) to fatness. 26595176 0 12 theme reduced 88:94 arg1 puddings 115:122 reduced salt and fat black puddings 88:122 reduced salt and fat black puddings 88:122 Impact of ingredient replacers on the physicochemical properties and sensory quality of reduced salt and fat black puddings. 26595176 1 13 theme fat 274:276 arg1 replacers 278:286 11 different salt and fat replacers 252:286 11 different salt and fat replacers 252:286 Twenty-two black puddings possessing different fat (10%, 5%) and sodium (0.6%, 0.4%) levels were used as base formulations for 11 different salt and fat replacers. 26595176 5 14 theme overall 983:989 arg1 acceptance 991:1000 overall acceptance 983:1000 overall acceptance 983:1000 Samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing pectin and a combination of potassium citrate, potassium phosphate and potassium chloride (KCPCl), as well as samples containing 10% fat and 0.4% sodium with waxy maize starch (WMS) were liked (P<0.05) for flavor and overall acceptance. 26595176 6 15 theme Safety 1012:1017 arg1 Authority 1019:1027 The Food Safety Authority 1003:1027 The Food Safety Authority of Ireland (FSAI) recommends a sodium target level of 0.6% and an even lower sodium level (0.4%) 1003:1124 The Food Safety Authority of Ireland (FSAI) recommends a sodium target level of 0.6% and an even lower sodium level (0.4%) was achieved. 26595176 5 16 with Samples 719:725 arg1 fat 735:737 5% fat 732:737 5% fat 732:737 Samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing pectin and a combination of potassium citrate, potassium phosphate and potassium chloride (KCPCl), as well as samples containing 10% fat and 0.4% sodium with waxy maize starch (WMS) were liked (P<0.05) for flavor and overall acceptance. 26595176 5 16 with Samples 719:725 arg1 sodium 748:753 0.6% sodium 743:753 0.6% sodium containing pectin and a combination of potassium citrate 743:810 Samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing pectin and a combination of potassium citrate, potassium phosphate and potassium chloride (KCPCl), as well as samples containing 10% fat and 0.4% sodium with waxy maize starch (WMS) were liked (P<0.05) for flavor and overall acceptance. 26595176 5 16 with Samples 719:725 arg1 KCPCl 857:861 KCPCl 857:861 KCPCl 857:861 Samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing pectin and a combination of potassium citrate, potassium phosphate and potassium chloride (KCPCl), as well as samples containing 10% fat and 0.4% sodium with waxy maize starch (WMS) were liked (P<0.05) for flavor and overall acceptance. 26595176 5 17 theme 0.6 743:745 arg1 % 746:746 % 746:746 % 746:746 Samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing pectin and a combination of potassium citrate, potassium phosphate and potassium chloride (KCPCl), as well as samples containing 10% fat and 0.4% sodium with waxy maize starch (WMS) were liked (P<0.05) for flavor and overall acceptance. 26595176 0 18 theme fat 105:107 arg1 puddings 115:122 reduced salt and fat black puddings 88:122 reduced salt and fat black puddings 88:122 Impact of ingredient replacers on the physicochemical properties and sensory quality of reduced salt and fat black puddings. 26595176 1 19 contain possessing 151:160 arg1 puddings 142:149 Twenty-two black puddings 125:149 Twenty-two black puddings possessing different fat (10%, 5%) and sodium (0.6%, 0.4%) levels 125:215 Twenty-two black puddings possessing different fat (10%, 5%) and sodium (0.6%, 0.4%) levels were used as base formulations for 11 different salt and fat replacers. 26595176 1 19 contain possessing 151:160 arg1 formulations 235:246 base formulations 230:246 base formulations for 11 different salt and fat replacers 230:286 Twenty-two black puddings possessing different fat (10%, 5%) and sodium (0.6%, 0.4%) levels were used as base formulations for 11 different salt and fat replacers. 26595176 1 19 contain possessing 151:160 arg2 levels 210:215 different fat (10%, 5%) and sodium (0.6%, 0.4%) levels 162:215 different fat (10%, 5%) and sodium (0.6%, 0.4%) levels 162:215 Twenty-two black puddings possessing different fat (10%, 5%) and sodium (0.6%, 0.4%) levels were used as base formulations for 11 different salt and fat replacers. 26595176 6 20 theme Food 1007:1010 arg1 Authority 1019:1027 The Food Safety Authority 1003:1027 The Food Safety Authority of Ireland (FSAI) recommends a sodium target level of 0.6% and an even lower sodium level (0.4%) 1003:1124 The Food Safety Authority of Ireland (FSAI) recommends a sodium target level of 0.6% and an even lower sodium level (0.4%) was achieved. 26595176 5 21 with sodium 912:917 arg1 WMS 943:945 waxy maize starch (WMS) 924:946 waxy maize starch (WMS) 924:946 Samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing pectin and a combination of potassium citrate, potassium phosphate and potassium chloride (KCPCl), as well as samples containing 10% fat and 0.4% sodium with waxy maize starch (WMS) were liked (P<0.05) for flavor and overall acceptance. 26595176 2 22 dep Compositional 289:301 arg1 analyses 332:339 analyses 332:339 analyses 332:339 Compositional, physicochemical and sensory analyses were conducted. 26595176 1 23 theme fat 172:174 arg1 levels 210:215 different fat (10%, 5%) and sodium (0.6%, 0.4%) levels 162:215 different fat (10%, 5%) and sodium (0.6%, 0.4%) levels 162:215 Twenty-two black puddings possessing different fat (10%, 5%) and sodium (0.6%, 0.4%) levels were used as base formulations for 11 different salt and fat replacers. 26595176 5 24 contain containing 884:893 arg2 sodium 912:917 0.4% sodium 907:917 0.4% sodium 907:917 Samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing pectin and a combination of potassium citrate, potassium phosphate and potassium chloride (KCPCl), as well as samples containing 10% fat and 0.4% sodium with waxy maize starch (WMS) were liked (P<0.05) for flavor and overall acceptance. 26595176 5 24 contain containing 884:893 arg2 fat 899:901 10% fat 895:901 10% fat 895:901 Samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing pectin and a combination of potassium citrate, potassium phosphate and potassium chloride (KCPCl), as well as samples containing 10% fat and 0.4% sodium with waxy maize starch (WMS) were liked (P<0.05) for flavor and overall acceptance. 26595176 5 24 contain containing 884:893 arg1 samples 876:882 samples 876:882 samples containing 10% fat and 0.4% sodium with waxy maize starch (WMS) 876:946 Samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing pectin and a combination of potassium citrate, potassium phosphate and potassium chloride (KCPCl), as well as samples containing 10% fat and 0.4% sodium with waxy maize starch (WMS) were liked (P<0.05) for flavor and overall acceptance. 26595176 3 25 contain containing 407:416 arg2 KCl 438:440 KCl 438:440 KCl 438:440 Black pudding samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing potassium chloride (KCl), potassium chloride and glycine mixture (KClG), and seaweed, respectively, and 10% fat and 0.4% sodium containing carrageen were rated higher (P<0.05) for spiciness and saltiness. 26595176 3 25 contain containing 407:416 arg2 sodium 539:544 0.4% sodium 534:544 0.4% sodium containing carrageen 534:565 Black pudding samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing potassium chloride (KCl), potassium chloride and glycine mixture (KClG), and seaweed, respectively, and 10% fat and 0.4% sodium containing carrageen were rated higher (P<0.05) for spiciness and saltiness. 26595176 3 25 contain containing 407:416 arg2 chloride 428:435 potassium chloride 418:435 potassium chloride (KCl) 418:441 Black pudding samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing potassium chloride (KCl), potassium chloride and glycine mixture (KClG), and seaweed, respectively, and 10% fat and 0.4% sodium containing carrageen were rated higher (P<0.05) for spiciness and saltiness. 26595176 3 25 contain containing 407:416 arg2 chloride 454:461 potassium chloride 444:461 potassium chloride 444:461 Black pudding samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing potassium chloride (KCl), potassium chloride and glycine mixture (KClG), and seaweed, respectively, and 10% fat and 0.4% sodium containing carrageen were rated higher (P<0.05) for spiciness and saltiness. 26595176 3 25 contain containing 407:416 arg1 sodium 400:405 0.6% sodium 395:405 0.6% sodium containing potassium chloride (KCl), potassium chloride and glycine mixture (KClG), and seaweed, respectively, and 10% fat and 0.4% sodium containing carrageen 395:565 Black pudding samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing potassium chloride (KCl), potassium chloride and glycine mixture (KClG), and seaweed, respectively, and 10% fat and 0.4% sodium containing carrageen were rated higher (P<0.05) for spiciness and saltiness. 26595176 3 25 contain containing 407:416 arg2 KClG 484:487 KClG 484:487 KClG 484:487 Black pudding samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing potassium chloride (KCl), potassium chloride and glycine mixture (KClG), and seaweed, respectively, and 10% fat and 0.4% sodium containing carrageen were rated higher (P<0.05) for spiciness and saltiness. 26595176 3 25 contain containing 407:416 arg2 fat 526:528 10% fat 522:528 10% fat 522:528 Black pudding samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing potassium chloride (KCl), potassium chloride and glycine mixture (KClG), and seaweed, respectively, and 10% fat and 0.4% sodium containing carrageen were rated higher (P<0.05) for spiciness and saltiness. 26595176 3 25 contain containing 407:416 arg2 seaweed 495:501 seaweed 495:501 seaweed 495:501 Black pudding samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing potassium chloride (KCl), potassium chloride and glycine mixture (KClG), and seaweed, respectively, and 10% fat and 0.4% sodium containing carrageen were rated higher (P<0.05) for spiciness and saltiness. 26595176 6 26 dep Ireland 1032:1038 arg1 recommends 1047:1056 recommends 1047:1056 recommends a sodium target level of 0.6% and an even lower sodium level (0.4%) 1047:1124 The Food Safety Authority of Ireland (FSAI) recommends a sodium target level of 0.6% and an even lower sodium level (0.4%) was achieved. 26595176 5 27 theme citrate 804:810 arg1 pectin 766:771 pectin 766:771 pectin 766:771 Samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing pectin and a combination of potassium citrate, potassium phosphate and potassium chloride (KCPCl), as well as samples containing 10% fat and 0.4% sodium with waxy maize starch (WMS) were liked (P<0.05) for flavor and overall acceptance. 26595176 5 27 theme citrate 804:810 arg1 combination 779:789 a combination 777:789 a combination of potassium citrate 777:810 Samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing pectin and a combination of potassium citrate, potassium phosphate and potassium chloride (KCPCl), as well as samples containing 10% fat and 0.4% sodium with waxy maize starch (WMS) were liked (P<0.05) for flavor and overall acceptance. 26595176 5 28 theme 5 732:732 arg1 % 733:733 % 733:733 % 733:733 Samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing pectin and a combination of potassium citrate, potassium phosphate and potassium chloride (KCPCl), as well as samples containing 10% fat and 0.4% sodium with waxy maize starch (WMS) were liked (P<0.05) for flavor and overall acceptance. 26595176 5 29 with samples 876:882 arg1 fat 735:737 5% fat 732:737 5% fat 732:737 Samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing pectin and a combination of potassium citrate, potassium phosphate and potassium chloride (KCPCl), as well as samples containing 10% fat and 0.4% sodium with waxy maize starch (WMS) were liked (P<0.05) for flavor and overall acceptance. 26595176 5 29 with samples 876:882 arg1 sodium 748:753 0.6% sodium 743:753 0.6% sodium containing pectin and a combination of potassium citrate 743:810 Samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing pectin and a combination of potassium citrate, potassium phosphate and potassium chloride (KCPCl), as well as samples containing 10% fat and 0.4% sodium with waxy maize starch (WMS) were liked (P<0.05) for flavor and overall acceptance. 26595176 5 29 with samples 876:882 arg1 KCPCl 857:861 KCPCl 857:861 KCPCl 857:861 Samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing pectin and a combination of potassium citrate, potassium phosphate and potassium chloride (KCPCl), as well as samples containing 10% fat and 0.4% sodium with waxy maize starch (WMS) were liked (P<0.05) for flavor and overall acceptance. 26595176 5 30 theme % 746:746 arg1 sodium 748:753 0.6% sodium 743:753 0.6% sodium containing pectin and a combination of potassium citrate 743:810 Samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing pectin and a combination of potassium citrate, potassium phosphate and potassium chloride (KCPCl), as well as samples containing 10% fat and 0.4% sodium with waxy maize starch (WMS) were liked (P<0.05) for flavor and overall acceptance. 26595176 5 30 theme % 746:746 arg1 KCPCl 857:861 KCPCl 857:861 KCPCl 857:861 Samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing pectin and a combination of potassium citrate, potassium phosphate and potassium chloride (KCPCl), as well as samples containing 10% fat and 0.4% sodium with waxy maize starch (WMS) were liked (P<0.05) for flavor and overall acceptance. 26595176 5 31 theme 10 895:896 arg1 % 897:897 % 897:897 % 897:897 Samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing pectin and a combination of potassium citrate, potassium phosphate and potassium chloride (KCPCl), as well as samples containing 10% fat and 0.4% sodium with waxy maize starch (WMS) were liked (P<0.05) for flavor and overall acceptance. 26595176 3 32 theme Black 357:361 arg1 samples 371:377 Black pudding samples 357:377 Black pudding samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing potassium chloride (KCl), potassium chloride and glycine mixture (KClG), and seaweed, respectively, and 10% fat and 0.4% sodium containing carrageen 357:565 Black pudding samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing potassium chloride (KCl), potassium chloride and glycine mixture (KClG), and seaweed, respectively, and 10% fat and 0.4% sodium containing carrageen were rated higher (P<0.05) for spiciness and saltiness. 26595176 5 33 theme % 910:910 arg1 sodium 912:917 0.4% sodium 907:917 0.4% sodium 907:917 Samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing pectin and a combination of potassium citrate, potassium phosphate and potassium chloride (KCPCl), as well as samples containing 10% fat and 0.4% sodium with waxy maize starch (WMS) were liked (P<0.05) for flavor and overall acceptance. 26595176 6 34 theme target 1067:1072 arg1 level 1074:1078 a sodium target level 1058:1078 a sodium target level of 0.6% 1058:1086 The Food Safety Authority of Ireland (FSAI) recommends a sodium target level of 0.6% and an even lower sodium level (0.4%) was achieved. 26595176 3 35 theme pudding 363:369 arg1 samples 371:377 Black pudding samples 357:377 Black pudding samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing potassium chloride (KCl), potassium chloride and glycine mixture (KClG), and seaweed, respectively, and 10% fat and 0.4% sodium containing carrageen 357:565 Black pudding samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing potassium chloride (KCl), potassium chloride and glycine mixture (KClG), and seaweed, respectively, and 10% fat and 0.4% sodium containing carrageen were rated higher (P<0.05) for spiciness and saltiness. 26595176 0 36 theme replacers 21:29 arg1 Impact 0:5 Impact 0:5 Impact of ingredient replacers on the physicochemical properties and sensory quality of reduced salt and fat black puddings. 0:123 Impact of ingredient replacers on the physicochemical properties and sensory quality of reduced salt and fat black puddings. 26595176 0 37 theme puddings 115:122 arg1 quality 77:83 sensory quality 69:83 sensory quality 69:83 Impact of ingredient replacers on the physicochemical properties and sensory quality of reduced salt and fat black puddings. 26595176 0 37 theme puddings 115:122 arg1 properties 54:63 physicochemical properties 38:63 physicochemical properties 38:63 Impact of ingredient replacers on the physicochemical properties and sensory quality of reduced salt and fat black puddings. 26595176 4 38 theme sodium 653:658 arg1 KClG 671:674 0.4% sodium containing KClG 648:674 0.4% sodium containing KClG 648:674 Samples with 10% fat and 0.4% sodium containing KClG were rated positively (P<0.05) to fatness. 26595176 6 39 theme sodium 1106:1111 arg1 level 1113:1117 an even lower sodium level 1092:1117 an even lower sodium level (0.4%) 1092:1124 The Food Safety Authority of Ireland (FSAI) recommends a sodium target level of 0.6% and an even lower sodium level (0.4%) was achieved. 26595176 6 39 theme sodium 1106:1111 arg1 % 1123:1123 0.4% 1120:1123 0.4% 1120:1123 The Food Safety Authority of Ireland (FSAI) recommends a sodium target level of 0.6% and an even lower sodium level (0.4%) was achieved. 26595176 0 40 theme ingredient 10:19 arg1 replacers 21:29 ingredient replacers 10:29 ingredient replacers 10:29 Impact of ingredient replacers on the physicochemical properties and sensory quality of reduced salt and fat black puddings. 26595176 4 41 with Samples 623:629 arg1 fat 640:642 10% fat 636:642 10% fat 636:642 Samples with 10% fat and 0.4% sodium containing KClG were rated positively (P<0.05) to fatness. 26595176 4 41 with Samples 623:629 arg1 KClG 671:674 0.4% sodium containing KClG 648:674 0.4% sodium containing KClG 648:674 Samples with 10% fat and 0.4% sodium containing KClG were rated positively (P<0.05) to fatness. 26595176 0 42 theme black 109:113 arg1 puddings 115:122 reduced salt and fat black puddings 88:122 reduced salt and fat black puddings 88:122 Impact of ingredient replacers on the physicochemical properties and sensory quality of reduced salt and fat black puddings. 26595176 3 43 theme % 524:524 arg1 fat 526:528 10% fat 522:528 10% fat 522:528 Black pudding samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing potassium chloride (KCl), potassium chloride and glycine mixture (KClG), and seaweed, respectively, and 10% fat and 0.4% sodium containing carrageen were rated higher (P<0.05) for spiciness and saltiness. 26595176 3 44 theme glycine 467:473 arg1 mixture 475:481 glycine mixture 467:481 glycine mixture 467:481 Black pudding samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing potassium chloride (KCl), potassium chloride and glycine mixture (KClG), and seaweed, respectively, and 10% fat and 0.4% sodium containing carrageen were rated higher (P<0.05) for spiciness and saltiness. 26595176 6 45 theme sodium 1060:1065 arg1 level 1074:1078 a sodium target level 1058:1078 a sodium target level of 0.6% 1058:1086 The Food Safety Authority of Ireland (FSAI) recommends a sodium target level of 0.6% and an even lower sodium level (0.4%) was achieved. 26595176 0 46 dep properties 54:63 arg1 the 34:36 the 34:36 the 34:36 Impact of ingredient replacers on the physicochemical properties and sensory quality of reduced salt and fat black puddings. 26595176 3 47 theme 5 384:384 arg1 % 385:385 % 385:385 % 385:385 Black pudding samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing potassium chloride (KCl), potassium chloride and glycine mixture (KClG), and seaweed, respectively, and 10% fat and 0.4% sodium containing carrageen were rated higher (P<0.05) for spiciness and saltiness. 26595176 5 48 contain containing 755:764 arg2 combination 779:789 a combination 777:789 a combination of potassium citrate 777:810 Samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing pectin and a combination of potassium citrate, potassium phosphate and potassium chloride (KCPCl), as well as samples containing 10% fat and 0.4% sodium with waxy maize starch (WMS) were liked (P<0.05) for flavor and overall acceptance. 26595176 5 48 contain containing 755:764 arg2 pectin 766:771 pectin 766:771 pectin 766:771 Samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing pectin and a combination of potassium citrate, potassium phosphate and potassium chloride (KCPCl), as well as samples containing 10% fat and 0.4% sodium with waxy maize starch (WMS) were liked (P<0.05) for flavor and overall acceptance. 26595176 5 48 contain containing 755:764 arg1 sodium 748:753 0.6% sodium 743:753 0.6% sodium containing pectin and a combination of potassium citrate 743:810 Samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing pectin and a combination of potassium citrate, potassium phosphate and potassium chloride (KCPCl), as well as samples containing 10% fat and 0.4% sodium with waxy maize starch (WMS) were liked (P<0.05) for flavor and overall acceptance. 26595176 5 48 contain containing 755:764 arg1 KCPCl 857:861 KCPCl 857:861 KCPCl 857:861 Samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing pectin and a combination of potassium citrate, potassium phosphate and potassium chloride (KCPCl), as well as samples containing 10% fat and 0.4% sodium with waxy maize starch (WMS) were liked (P<0.05) for flavor and overall acceptance. 26595176 3 49 dep higher 578:583 arg1 P<0.05 586:591 P<0.05 586:591 P<0.05 586:591 Black pudding samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing potassium chloride (KCl), potassium chloride and glycine mixture (KClG), and seaweed, respectively, and 10% fat and 0.4% sodium containing carrageen were rated higher (P<0.05) for spiciness and saltiness. 26595176 4 50 theme % 651:651 arg1 KClG 671:674 0.4% sodium containing KClG 648:674 0.4% sodium containing KClG 648:674 Samples with 10% fat and 0.4% sodium containing KClG were rated positively (P<0.05) to fatness. 26595176 3 51 theme % 385:385 arg1 fat 387:389 5% fat 384:389 5% fat 384:389 Black pudding samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing potassium chloride (KCl), potassium chloride and glycine mixture (KClG), and seaweed, respectively, and 10% fat and 0.4% sodium containing carrageen were rated higher (P<0.05) for spiciness and saltiness. 26595176 1 52 theme base 230:233 arg1 puddings 142:149 Twenty-two black puddings 125:149 Twenty-two black puddings possessing different fat (10%, 5%) and sodium (0.6%, 0.4%) levels 125:215 Twenty-two black puddings possessing different fat (10%, 5%) and sodium (0.6%, 0.4%) levels were used as base formulations for 11 different salt and fat replacers. 26595176 1 52 theme base 230:233 arg1 formulations 235:246 base formulations 230:246 base formulations for 11 different salt and fat replacers 230:286 Twenty-two black puddings possessing different fat (10%, 5%) and sodium (0.6%, 0.4%) levels were used as base formulations for 11 different salt and fat replacers. 26595176 3 53 theme 10 522:523 arg1 % 524:524 % 524:524 % 524:524 Black pudding samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing potassium chloride (KCl), potassium chloride and glycine mixture (KClG), and seaweed, respectively, and 10% fat and 0.4% sodium containing carrageen were rated higher (P<0.05) for spiciness and saltiness. 26595176 1 54 dep fat 172:174 arg1 % 179:179 10% 177:179 10% 177:179 Twenty-two black puddings possessing different fat (10%, 5%) and sodium (0.6%, 0.4%) levels were used as base formulations for 11 different salt and fat replacers. 26595176 1 54 dep fat 172:174 arg1 % 183:183 5% 182:183 5% 182:183 Twenty-two black puddings possessing different fat (10%, 5%) and sodium (0.6%, 0.4%) levels were used as base formulations for 11 different salt and fat replacers. 26595176 1 54 dep fat 172:174 arg1 % 201:201 0.6% 198:201 0.6% 198:201 Twenty-two black puddings possessing different fat (10%, 5%) and sodium (0.6%, 0.4%) levels were used as base formulations for 11 different salt and fat replacers. 26595176 1 54 dep fat 172:174 arg1 % 207:207 0.4% 204:207 0.4% 204:207 Twenty-two black puddings possessing different fat (10%, 5%) and sodium (0.6%, 0.4%) levels were used as base formulations for 11 different salt and fat replacers. 26595176 5 55 theme % 897:897 arg1 fat 899:901 10% fat 895:901 10% fat 895:901 Samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing pectin and a combination of potassium citrate, potassium phosphate and potassium chloride (KCPCl), as well as samples containing 10% fat and 0.4% sodium with waxy maize starch (WMS) were liked (P<0.05) for flavor and overall acceptance. 26595176 5 56 theme % 733:733 arg1 fat 735:737 5% fat 732:737 5% fat 732:737 Samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing pectin and a combination of potassium citrate, potassium phosphate and potassium chloride (KCPCl), as well as samples containing 10% fat and 0.4% sodium with waxy maize starch (WMS) were liked (P<0.05) for flavor and overall acceptance. 26595176 0 57 theme physicochemical 38:52 arg1 properties 54:63 physicochemical properties 38:63 physicochemical properties 38:63 Impact of ingredient replacers on the physicochemical properties and sensory quality of reduced salt and fat black puddings. 26595176 5 58 theme maize 929:933 arg1 WMS 943:945 waxy maize starch (WMS) 924:946 waxy maize starch (WMS) 924:946 Samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing pectin and a combination of potassium citrate, potassium phosphate and potassium chloride (KCPCl), as well as samples containing 10% fat and 0.4% sodium with waxy maize starch (WMS) were liked (P<0.05) for flavor and overall acceptance. 26595176 3 59 theme % 537:537 arg1 sodium 539:544 0.4% sodium 534:544 0.4% sodium containing carrageen 534:565 Black pudding samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing potassium chloride (KCl), potassium chloride and glycine mixture (KClG), and seaweed, respectively, and 10% fat and 0.4% sodium containing carrageen were rated higher (P<0.05) for spiciness and saltiness. 26595176 4 60 theme containing 660:669 arg1 KClG 671:674 0.4% sodium containing KClG 648:674 0.4% sodium containing KClG 648:674 Samples with 10% fat and 0.4% sodium containing KClG were rated positively (P<0.05) to fatness. 26595176 5 61 theme starch 935:940 arg1 WMS 943:945 waxy maize starch (WMS) 924:946 waxy maize starch (WMS) 924:946 Samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing pectin and a combination of potassium citrate, potassium phosphate and potassium chloride (KCPCl), as well as samples containing 10% fat and 0.4% sodium with waxy maize starch (WMS) were liked (P<0.05) for flavor and overall acceptance. 26595176 3 62 with samples 371:377 arg1 sodium 400:405 0.6% sodium 395:405 0.6% sodium containing potassium chloride (KCl), potassium chloride and glycine mixture (KClG), and seaweed, respectively, and 10% fat and 0.4% sodium containing carrageen 395:565 Black pudding samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing potassium chloride (KCl), potassium chloride and glycine mixture (KClG), and seaweed, respectively, and 10% fat and 0.4% sodium containing carrageen were rated higher (P<0.05) for spiciness and saltiness. 26595176 3 62 with samples 371:377 arg1 fat 387:389 5% fat 384:389 5% fat 384:389 Black pudding samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing potassium chloride (KCl), potassium chloride and glycine mixture (KClG), and seaweed, respectively, and 10% fat and 0.4% sodium containing carrageen were rated higher (P<0.05) for spiciness and saltiness. 26595176 5 63 theme potassium 794:802 arg1 citrate 804:810 potassium citrate 794:810 potassium citrate 794:810 Samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing pectin and a combination of potassium citrate, potassium phosphate and potassium chloride (KCPCl), as well as samples containing 10% fat and 0.4% sodium with waxy maize starch (WMS) were liked (P<0.05) for flavor and overall acceptance. 26595176 3 64 theme 0.6 395:397 arg1 % 398:398 % 398:398 % 398:398 Black pudding samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing potassium chloride (KCl), potassium chloride and glycine mixture (KClG), and seaweed, respectively, and 10% fat and 0.4% sodium containing carrageen were rated higher (P<0.05) for spiciness and saltiness. 26595176 5 65 with fat 899:901 arg1 WMS 943:945 waxy maize starch (WMS) 924:946 waxy maize starch (WMS) 924:946 Samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing pectin and a combination of potassium citrate, potassium phosphate and potassium chloride (KCPCl), as well as samples containing 10% fat and 0.4% sodium with waxy maize starch (WMS) were liked (P<0.05) for flavor and overall acceptance. 26595176 4 66 theme 10 636:637 arg1 % 638:638 % 638:638 % 638:638 Samples with 10% fat and 0.4% sodium containing KClG were rated positively (P<0.05) to fatness. 26595176 5 67 dep liked 953:957 arg1 P<0.05 960:965 P<0.05 960:965 P<0.05 960:965 Samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing pectin and a combination of potassium citrate, potassium phosphate and potassium chloride (KCPCl), as well as samples containing 10% fat and 0.4% sodium with waxy maize starch (WMS) were liked (P<0.05) for flavor and overall acceptance. 26595176 4 68 theme % 638:638 arg1 fat 640:642 10% fat 636:642 10% fat 636:642 Samples with 10% fat and 0.4% sodium containing KClG were rated positively (P<0.05) to fatness. 26595176 3 69 theme % 398:398 arg1 sodium 400:405 0.6% sodium 395:405 0.6% sodium containing potassium chloride (KCl), potassium chloride and glycine mixture (KClG), and seaweed, respectively, and 10% fat and 0.4% sodium containing carrageen 395:565 Black pudding samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing potassium chloride (KCl), potassium chloride and glycine mixture (KClG), and seaweed, respectively, and 10% fat and 0.4% sodium containing carrageen were rated higher (P<0.05) for spiciness and saltiness. 26595176 6 70 theme % 1086:1086 arg1 level 1113:1117 an even lower sodium level 1092:1117 an even lower sodium level (0.4%) 1092:1124 The Food Safety Authority of Ireland (FSAI) recommends a sodium target level of 0.6% and an even lower sodium level (0.4%) was achieved. 26595176 6 70 theme % 1086:1086 arg1 % 1123:1123 0.4% 1120:1123 0.4% 1120:1123 The Food Safety Authority of Ireland (FSAI) recommends a sodium target level of 0.6% and an even lower sodium level (0.4%) was achieved. 26595176 6 70 theme % 1086:1086 arg1 level 1074:1078 a sodium target level 1058:1078 a sodium target level of 0.6% 1058:1086 The Food Safety Authority of Ireland (FSAI) recommends a sodium target level of 0.6% and an even lower sodium level (0.4%) was achieved. 26595176 1 71 theme sodium 190:195 arg1 levels 210:215 different fat (10%, 5%) and sodium (0.6%, 0.4%) levels 162:215 different fat (10%, 5%) and sodium (0.6%, 0.4%) levels 162:215 Twenty-two black puddings possessing different fat (10%, 5%) and sodium (0.6%, 0.4%) levels were used as base formulations for 11 different salt and fat replacers. 26595176 0 72 theme sensory 69:75 arg1 quality 77:83 sensory quality 69:83 sensory quality 69:83 Impact of ingredient replacers on the physicochemical properties and sensory quality of reduced salt and fat black puddings. 26595176 3 73 theme 0.4 534:536 arg1 % 537:537 % 537:537 % 537:537 Black pudding samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing potassium chloride (KCl), potassium chloride and glycine mixture (KClG), and seaweed, respectively, and 10% fat and 0.4% sodium containing carrageen were rated higher (P<0.05) for spiciness and saltiness. 26595176 4 74 theme 0.4 648:650 arg1 % 651:651 % 651:651 % 651:651 Samples with 10% fat and 0.4% sodium containing KClG were rated positively (P<0.05) to fatness. 26595176 1 75 theme black 136:140 arg1 puddings 142:149 Twenty-two black puddings 125:149 Twenty-two black puddings possessing different fat (10%, 5%) and sodium (0.6%, 0.4%) levels 125:215 Twenty-two black puddings possessing different fat (10%, 5%) and sodium (0.6%, 0.4%) levels were used as base formulations for 11 different salt and fat replacers. 26595176 1 75 theme black 136:140 arg1 formulations 235:246 base formulations 230:246 base formulations for 11 different salt and fat replacers 230:286 Twenty-two black puddings possessing different fat (10%, 5%) and sodium (0.6%, 0.4%) levels were used as base formulations for 11 different salt and fat replacers. 26595176 6 76 theme lower 1100:1104 arg1 level 1113:1117 an even lower sodium level 1092:1117 an even lower sodium level (0.4%) 1092:1124 The Food Safety Authority of Ireland (FSAI) recommends a sodium target level of 0.6% and an even lower sodium level (0.4%) was achieved. 26595176 6 76 theme lower 1100:1104 arg1 % 1123:1123 0.4% 1120:1123 0.4% 1120:1123 The Food Safety Authority of Ireland (FSAI) recommends a sodium target level of 0.6% and an even lower sodium level (0.4%) was achieved. 26595176 5 77 theme potassium 813:821 arg1 phosphate 823:831 potassium phosphate 813:831 potassium phosphate 813:831 Samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing pectin and a combination of potassium citrate, potassium phosphate and potassium chloride (KCPCl), as well as samples containing 10% fat and 0.4% sodium with waxy maize starch (WMS) were liked (P<0.05) for flavor and overall acceptance. 26595176 3 78 contain containing 546:555 arg2 carrageen 557:565 carrageen 557:565 carrageen 557:565 Black pudding samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing potassium chloride (KCl), potassium chloride and glycine mixture (KClG), and seaweed, respectively, and 10% fat and 0.4% sodium containing carrageen were rated higher (P<0.05) for spiciness and saltiness. 26595176 3 78 contain containing 546:555 arg1 sodium 539:544 0.4% sodium 534:544 0.4% sodium containing carrageen 534:565 Black pudding samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing potassium chloride (KCl), potassium chloride and glycine mixture (KClG), and seaweed, respectively, and 10% fat and 0.4% sodium containing carrageen were rated higher (P<0.05) for spiciness and saltiness. 26595176 5 79 theme waxy 924:927 arg1 WMS 943:945 waxy maize starch (WMS) 924:946 waxy maize starch (WMS) 924:946 Samples with 5% fat and 0.6% sodium containing pectin and a combination of potassium citrate, potassium phosphate and potassium chloride (KCPCl), as well as samples containing 10% fat and 0.4% sodium with waxy maize starch (WMS) were liked (P<0.05) for flavor and overall acceptance. 27112844 4 0 theme groups 1074:1079 arg1 reactivity 1047:1056 the reactivity 1043:1056 the reactivity of the hydroxyl groups toward the carboxymethylation 1043:1109 Quantitative (13)C NMR spectra of the CMC samples allowed determination of the AGU composition, as well as the substituent distribution at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions of cellulose, which allowed estimation of the reactivity of the hydroxyl groups toward the carboxymethylation. 27112844 3 1 from 2- 677:678 arg1 effects 634:640 the substituent effects 618:640 the substituent effects of the carboxymethyl groups at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions on the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the AGUs and that additivity could be applied to the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of CMC 618:831 A comparative analysis of the chemical shift data revealed the substituent effects of the carboxymethyl groups at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions on the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the AGUs and that additivity could be applied to the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of CMC. 27112844 3 1 from 2- 677:678 arg1 groups 663:668 the carboxymethyl groups 645:668 the carboxymethyl groups at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions 645:699 A comparative analysis of the chemical shift data revealed the substituent effects of the carboxymethyl groups at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions on the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the AGUs and that additivity could be applied to the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of CMC. 27112844 3 2 theme H 798:798 arg1 shifts 819:824 the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts 791:824 the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of CMC 791:831 A comparative analysis of the chemical shift data revealed the substituent effects of the carboxymethyl groups at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions on the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the AGUs and that additivity could be applied to the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of CMC. 27112844 1 3 theme sodium 146:151 arg1 samples 183:189 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) samples 146:189 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) samples with degrees of substitution (DS) from 0.68 to 2.84 146:241 A series of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) samples with degrees of substitution (DS) from 0.68 to 2.84 were prepared from cellulose by multistep carboxymethylation. 27112844 4 4 theme Quantitative 834:845 arg1 spectra 857:863 Quantitative (13)C NMR spectra 834:863 Quantitative (13)C NMR spectra of the CMC samples 834:882 Quantitative (13)C NMR spectra of the CMC samples allowed determination of the AGU composition, as well as the substituent distribution at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions of cellulose, which allowed estimation of the reactivity of the hydroxyl groups toward the carboxymethylation. 27112844 0 5 theme mole 85:88 arg1 fraction 90:97 mole fraction 85:97 mole fraction 85:97 NMR characterization of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: Substituent distribution and mole fraction of monomers in the polymer chains. 27112844 3 6 theme shift 598:602 arg1 data 604:607 the chemical shift data 585:607 the chemical shift data 585:607 A comparative analysis of the chemical shift data revealed the substituent effects of the carboxymethyl groups at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions on the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the AGUs and that additivity could be applied to the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of CMC. 27112844 3 7 theme C 808:808 arg1 shifts 819:824 the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts 791:824 the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of CMC 791:831 A comparative analysis of the chemical shift data revealed the substituent effects of the carboxymethyl groups at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions on the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the AGUs and that additivity could be applied to the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of CMC. 27112844 1 8 theme carboxymethyl 153:165 arg1 samples 183:189 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) samples 146:189 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) samples with degrees of substitution (DS) from 0.68 to 2.84 146:241 A series of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) samples with degrees of substitution (DS) from 0.68 to 2.84 were prepared from cellulose by multistep carboxymethylation. 27112844 3 9 theme C 721:721 arg1 shifts 732:737 the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts 704:737 the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the AGUs 704:749 A comparative analysis of the chemical shift data revealed the substituent effects of the carboxymethyl groups at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions on the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the AGUs and that additivity could be applied to the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of CMC. 27112844 3 10 theme H 711:711 arg1 shifts 732:737 the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts 704:737 the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the AGUs 704:749 A comparative analysis of the chemical shift data revealed the substituent effects of the carboxymethyl groups at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions on the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the AGUs and that additivity could be applied to the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of CMC. 27112844 0 11 theme monomers 102:109 arg1 distribution 68:79 Substituent distribution 56:79 Substituent distribution 56:79 NMR characterization of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: Substituent distribution and mole fraction of monomers in the polymer chains. 27112844 0 11 theme monomers 102:109 arg1 fraction 90:97 mole fraction 85:97 mole fraction 85:97 NMR characterization of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: Substituent distribution and mole fraction of monomers in the polymer chains. 27112844 3 12 theme data 604:607 arg1 analysis 573:580 A comparative analysis 559:580 A comparative analysis of the chemical shift data 559:607 A comparative analysis of the chemical shift data revealed the substituent effects of the carboxymethyl groups at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions on the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the AGUs and that additivity could be applied to the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of CMC. 27112844 3 13 from 3- 681:682 arg1 effects 634:640 the substituent effects 618:640 the substituent effects of the carboxymethyl groups at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions on the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the AGUs and that additivity could be applied to the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of CMC 618:831 A comparative analysis of the chemical shift data revealed the substituent effects of the carboxymethyl groups at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions on the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the AGUs and that additivity could be applied to the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of CMC. 27112844 3 13 from 3- 681:682 arg1 groups 663:668 the carboxymethyl groups 645:668 the carboxymethyl groups at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions 645:699 A comparative analysis of the chemical shift data revealed the substituent effects of the carboxymethyl groups at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions on the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the AGUs and that additivity could be applied to the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of CMC. 27112844 3 14 theme chemical 810:817 arg1 shifts 819:824 the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts 791:824 the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of CMC 791:831 A comparative analysis of the chemical shift data revealed the substituent effects of the carboxymethyl groups at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions on the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the AGUs and that additivity could be applied to the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of CMC. 27112844 4 15 from 6-positions 989:999 arg1 determination 892:904 determination 892:904 determination of the AGU composition 892:927 Quantitative (13)C NMR spectra of the CMC samples allowed determination of the AGU composition, as well as the substituent distribution at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions of cellulose, which allowed estimation of the reactivity of the hydroxyl groups toward the carboxymethylation. 27112844 4 15 from 6-positions 989:999 arg1 distribution 957:968 the substituent distribution 941:968 the substituent distribution at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions of cellulose 941:1012 Quantitative (13)C NMR spectra of the CMC samples allowed determination of the AGU composition, as well as the substituent distribution at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions of cellulose, which allowed estimation of the reactivity of the hydroxyl groups toward the carboxymethylation. 27112844 3 16 theme chemical 723:730 arg1 shifts 732:737 the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts 704:737 the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the AGUs 704:749 A comparative analysis of the chemical shift data revealed the substituent effects of the carboxymethyl groups at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions on the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the AGUs and that additivity could be applied to the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of CMC. 27112844 3 17 dep 2- 677:678 arg1 the 673:675 the 673:675 the 673:675 A comparative analysis of the chemical shift data revealed the substituent effects of the carboxymethyl groups at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions on the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the AGUs and that additivity could be applied to the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of CMC. 27112844 3 18 theme 13 805:806 arg1 C 808:808 C 808:808 C 808:808 A comparative analysis of the chemical shift data revealed the substituent effects of the carboxymethyl groups at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions on the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the AGUs and that additivity could be applied to the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of CMC. 27112844 2 19 theme complete 356:363 arg1 assignment 365:374 complete assignment 356:374 complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs 356:556 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 4 20 theme reactivity 1047:1056 arg1 estimation 1029:1038 estimation 1029:1038 estimation of the reactivity of the hydroxyl groups toward the carboxymethylation 1029:1109 Quantitative (13)C NMR spectra of the CMC samples allowed determination of the AGU composition, as well as the substituent distribution at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions of cellulose, which allowed estimation of the reactivity of the hydroxyl groups toward the carboxymethylation. 27112844 2 21 theme unsubstituted 539:551 arg1 AGUs 553:556 unsubstituted AGUs 539:556 unsubstituted AGUs 539:556 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 2 21 theme unsubstituted 539:551 arg1 units 442:446 the eight anhydroglucose units 417:446 the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs 417:556 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 1 22 theme cellulose 167:175 arg1 samples 183:189 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) samples 146:189 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) samples with degrees of substitution (DS) from 0.68 to 2.84 146:241 A series of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) samples with degrees of substitution (DS) from 0.68 to 2.84 were prepared from cellulose by multistep carboxymethylation. 27112844 3 23 theme substituent 622:632 arg1 effects 634:640 the substituent effects 618:640 the substituent effects of the carboxymethyl groups at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions on the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the AGUs and that additivity could be applied to the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of CMC 618:831 A comparative analysis of the chemical shift data revealed the substituent effects of the carboxymethyl groups at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions on the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the AGUs and that additivity could be applied to the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of CMC. 27112844 2 24 theme anhydroglucose 427:440 arg1 3-mono- 517:523 3-mono- 517:523 3-mono- 517:523 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 2 24 theme anhydroglucose 427:440 arg1 AGUs 553:556 unsubstituted AGUs 539:556 unsubstituted AGUs 539:556 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 2 24 theme anhydroglucose 427:440 arg1 2,6-di- 490:496 2,6-di- 490:496 2,6-di- 490:496 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 2 24 theme anhydroglucose 427:440 arg1 units 442:446 the eight anhydroglucose units 417:446 the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs 417:556 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 2 24 theme anhydroglucose 427:440 arg1 3,6-di- 499:505 3,6-di- 499:505 3,6-di- 499:505 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 2 24 theme anhydroglucose 427:440 arg1 6-mono- 526:532 6-mono- 526:532 6-mono- 526:532 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 2 24 theme anhydroglucose 427:440 arg1 AGUs 449:452 AGUs 449:452 AGUs 449:452 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 2 24 theme anhydroglucose 427:440 arg1 2,3,6-tri- 469:478 2,3,6-tri- 469:478 2,3,6-tri- 469:478 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 2 24 theme anhydroglucose 427:440 arg1 2,3-di- 481:487 2,3-di- 481:487 2,3-di- 481:487 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 2 24 theme anhydroglucose 427:440 arg1 2-mono- 508:514 2-mono- 508:514 2-mono- 508:514 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 3 25 theme CMC 829:831 arg1 shifts 819:824 the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts 791:824 the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of CMC 791:831 A comparative analysis of the chemical shift data revealed the substituent effects of the carboxymethyl groups at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions on the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the AGUs and that additivity could be applied to the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of CMC. 27112844 2 26 theme chemical 398:405 arg1 shifts 407:412 (13)C chemical shifts 392:412 (13)C chemical shifts 392:412 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 4 27 theme AGU 913:915 arg1 composition 917:927 the AGU composition 909:927 the AGU composition 909:927 Quantitative (13)C NMR spectra of the CMC samples allowed determination of the AGU composition, as well as the substituent distribution at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions of cellulose, which allowed estimation of the reactivity of the hydroxyl groups toward the carboxymethylation. 27112844 2 28 theme shifts 407:412 arg1 assignment 365:374 complete assignment 356:374 complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs 356:556 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 2 29 theme units 442:446 arg1 shifts 407:412 (13)C chemical shifts 392:412 (13)C chemical shifts 392:412 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 2 29 theme units 442:446 arg1 H 386:386 (1)H 383:386 (1)H 383:386 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 3 30 theme AGUs 746:749 arg1 shifts 732:737 the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts 704:737 the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the AGUs 704:749 A comparative analysis of the chemical shift data revealed the substituent effects of the carboxymethyl groups at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions on the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the AGUs and that additivity could be applied to the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of CMC. 27112844 1 31 theme CMC 178:180 arg1 samples 183:189 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) samples 146:189 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) samples with degrees of substitution (DS) from 0.68 to 2.84 146:241 A series of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) samples with degrees of substitution (DS) from 0.68 to 2.84 were prepared from cellulose by multistep carboxymethylation. 27112844 0 32 theme NMR 0:2 arg1 characterization 4:19 NMR characterization 0:19 NMR characterization of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: Substituent distribution and mole fraction of monomers in the polymer chains. 0:132 NMR characterization of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: Substituent distribution and mole fraction of monomers in the polymer chains. 27112844 4 33 from 2- 977:978 arg1 determination 892:904 determination 892:904 determination of the AGU composition 892:927 Quantitative (13)C NMR spectra of the CMC samples allowed determination of the AGU composition, as well as the substituent distribution at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions of cellulose, which allowed estimation of the reactivity of the hydroxyl groups toward the carboxymethylation. 27112844 4 33 from 2- 977:978 arg1 distribution 957:968 the substituent distribution 941:968 the substituent distribution at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions of cellulose 941:1012 Quantitative (13)C NMR spectra of the CMC samples allowed determination of the AGU composition, as well as the substituent distribution at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions of cellulose, which allowed estimation of the reactivity of the hydroxyl groups toward the carboxymethylation. 27112844 4 34 theme CMC 872:874 arg1 samples 876:882 the CMC samples 868:882 the CMC samples 868:882 Quantitative (13)C NMR spectra of the CMC samples allowed determination of the AGU composition, as well as the substituent distribution at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions of cellulose, which allowed estimation of the reactivity of the hydroxyl groups toward the carboxymethylation. 27112844 0 35 theme sodium 24:29 arg1 cellulose 45:53 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 24:53 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 24:53 NMR characterization of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: Substituent distribution and mole fraction of monomers in the polymer chains. 27112844 3 36 dep H 798:798 arg1 1 796:796 1 796:796 1 796:796 A comparative analysis of the chemical shift data revealed the substituent effects of the carboxymethyl groups at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions on the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the AGUs and that additivity could be applied to the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of CMC. 27112844 1 37 theme samples 183:189 arg1 series 136:141 A series 134:141 A series of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) samples with degrees of substitution (DS) from 0.68 to 2.84 134:241 A series of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) samples with degrees of substitution (DS) from 0.68 to 2.84 were prepared from cellulose by multistep carboxymethylation. 27112844 3 38 theme carboxymethyl 649:661 arg1 groups 663:668 the carboxymethyl groups 645:668 the carboxymethyl groups at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions 645:699 A comparative analysis of the chemical shift data revealed the substituent effects of the carboxymethyl groups at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions on the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the AGUs and that additivity could be applied to the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of CMC. 27112844 0 39 theme polymer 118:124 arg1 chains 126:131 the polymer chains 114:131 the polymer chains 114:131 NMR characterization of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: Substituent distribution and mole fraction of monomers in the polymer chains. 27112844 0 40 from fraction 90:97 arg1 chains 126:131 the polymer chains 114:131 the polymer chains 114:131 NMR characterization of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: Substituent distribution and mole fraction of monomers in the polymer chains. 27112844 0 41 theme cellulose 45:53 arg1 characterization 4:19 NMR characterization 0:19 NMR characterization of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: Substituent distribution and mole fraction of monomers in the polymer chains. 0:132 NMR characterization of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: Substituent distribution and mole fraction of monomers in the polymer chains. 27112844 3 42 theme groups 663:668 arg1 effects 634:640 the substituent effects 618:640 the substituent effects of the carboxymethyl groups at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions on the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the AGUs and that additivity could be applied to the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of CMC 618:831 A comparative analysis of the chemical shift data revealed the substituent effects of the carboxymethyl groups at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions on the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the AGUs and that additivity could be applied to the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of CMC. 27112844 1 43 with samples 183:189 arg1 degrees 196:202 degrees 196:202 degrees of substitution (DS) from 0.68 to 2.84 196:241 A series of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) samples with degrees of substitution (DS) from 0.68 to 2.84 were prepared from cellulose by multistep carboxymethylation. 27112844 3 44 theme comparative 561:571 arg1 analysis 573:580 A comparative analysis 559:580 A comparative analysis of the chemical shift data 559:607 A comparative analysis of the chemical shift data revealed the substituent effects of the carboxymethyl groups at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions on the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the AGUs and that additivity could be applied to the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of CMC. 27112844 4 45 theme samples 876:882 arg1 spectra 857:863 Quantitative (13)C NMR spectra 834:863 Quantitative (13)C NMR spectra of the CMC samples 834:882 Quantitative (13)C NMR spectra of the CMC samples allowed determination of the AGU composition, as well as the substituent distribution at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions of cellulose, which allowed estimation of the reactivity of the hydroxyl groups toward the carboxymethylation. 27112844 0 46 theme carboxymethyl 31:43 arg1 cellulose 45:53 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 24:53 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 24:53 NMR characterization of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: Substituent distribution and mole fraction of monomers in the polymer chains. 27112844 2 47 theme C 396:396 arg1 shifts 407:412 (13)C chemical shifts 392:412 (13)C chemical shifts 392:412 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 1 48 from degrees 196:202 arg1 2.84 238:241 2.84 238:241 2.84 238:241 A series of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) samples with degrees of substitution (DS) from 0.68 to 2.84 were prepared from cellulose by multistep carboxymethylation. 27112844 2 49 theme H 386:386 arg1 assignment 365:374 complete assignment 356:374 complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs 356:556 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 0 50 theme Substituent 56:66 arg1 distribution 68:79 Substituent distribution 56:79 Substituent distribution 56:79 NMR characterization of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: Substituent distribution and mole fraction of monomers in the polymer chains. 27112844 1 51 theme multistep 275:283 arg1 carboxymethylation 285:302 multistep carboxymethylation 275:302 multistep carboxymethylation 275:302 A series of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) samples with degrees of substitution (DS) from 0.68 to 2.84 were prepared from cellulose by multistep carboxymethylation. 27112844 0 52 from distribution 68:79 arg1 chains 126:131 the polymer chains 114:131 the polymer chains 114:131 NMR characterization of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: Substituent distribution and mole fraction of monomers in the polymer chains. 27112844 4 53 theme NMR 853:855 arg1 spectra 857:863 Quantitative (13)C NMR spectra 834:863 Quantitative (13)C NMR spectra of the CMC samples 834:882 Quantitative (13)C NMR spectra of the CMC samples allowed determination of the AGU composition, as well as the substituent distribution at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions of cellulose, which allowed estimation of the reactivity of the hydroxyl groups toward the carboxymethylation. 27112844 4 54 theme hydroxyl 1065:1072 arg1 groups 1074:1079 the hydroxyl groups 1061:1079 the hydroxyl groups 1061:1079 Quantitative (13)C NMR spectra of the CMC samples allowed determination of the AGU composition, as well as the substituent distribution at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions of cellulose, which allowed estimation of the reactivity of the hydroxyl groups toward the carboxymethylation. 27112844 2 55 dep units 442:446 arg1 3-mono- 517:523 3-mono- 517:523 3-mono- 517:523 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 2 55 dep units 442:446 arg1 AGUs 553:556 unsubstituted AGUs 539:556 unsubstituted AGUs 539:556 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 2 55 dep units 442:446 arg1 2,6-di- 490:496 2,6-di- 490:496 2,6-di- 490:496 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 2 55 dep units 442:446 arg1 units 442:446 the eight anhydroglucose units 417:446 the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs 417:556 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 2 55 dep units 442:446 arg1 3,6-di- 499:505 3,6-di- 499:505 3,6-di- 499:505 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 2 55 dep units 442:446 arg1 6-mono- 526:532 6-mono- 526:532 6-mono- 526:532 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 2 55 dep units 442:446 arg1 2,3,6-tri- 469:478 2,3,6-tri- 469:478 2,3,6-tri- 469:478 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 2 55 dep units 442:446 arg1 2,3-di- 481:487 2,3-di- 481:487 2,3-di- 481:487 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 2 55 dep units 442:446 arg1 2-mono- 508:514 2-mono- 508:514 2-mono- 508:514 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 4 56 theme cellulose 1004:1012 arg1 determination 892:904 determination 892:904 determination of the AGU composition 892:927 Quantitative (13)C NMR spectra of the CMC samples allowed determination of the AGU composition, as well as the substituent distribution at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions of cellulose, which allowed estimation of the reactivity of the hydroxyl groups toward the carboxymethylation. 27112844 4 56 theme cellulose 1004:1012 arg1 distribution 957:968 the substituent distribution 941:968 the substituent distribution at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions of cellulose 941:1012 Quantitative (13)C NMR spectra of the CMC samples allowed determination of the AGU composition, as well as the substituent distribution at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions of cellulose, which allowed estimation of the reactivity of the hydroxyl groups toward the carboxymethylation. 27112844 3 57 theme chemical 589:596 arg1 data 604:607 the chemical shift data 585:607 the chemical shift data 585:607 A comparative analysis of the chemical shift data revealed the substituent effects of the carboxymethyl groups at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions on the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the AGUs and that additivity could be applied to the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of CMC. 27112844 2 58 located found 455:459 arg2 units 442:446 the eight anhydroglucose units 417:446 the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs 417:556 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 2 58 located found 455:459 arg1 CMC 464:466 CMC 464:466 CMC 464:466 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 2 58 located found 455:459 arg2 AGUs 449:452 AGUs 449:452 AGUs 449:452 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 2 58 located found 455:459 arg2 2,3,6-tri- 469:478 2,3,6-tri- 469:478 2,3,6-tri- 469:478 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 2 58 located found 455:459 arg2 2,3-di- 481:487 2,3-di- 481:487 2,3-di- 481:487 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 2 58 located found 455:459 arg2 2-mono- 508:514 2-mono- 508:514 2-mono- 508:514 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 2 58 located found 455:459 arg2 2,6-di- 490:496 2,6-di- 490:496 2,6-di- 490:496 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 2 58 located found 455:459 arg2 3-mono- 517:523 3-mono- 517:523 3-mono- 517:523 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 2 58 located found 455:459 arg2 AGUs 553:556 unsubstituted AGUs 539:556 unsubstituted AGUs 539:556 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 2 58 located found 455:459 arg2 3,6-di- 499:505 3,6-di- 499:505 3,6-di- 499:505 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 2 58 located found 455:459 arg2 6-mono- 526:532 6-mono- 526:532 6-mono- 526:532 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 2 59 theme spectroscopic 325:337 arg1 analyses 339:346 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses 305:346 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses 305:346 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 3 60 theme 13 718:719 arg1 C 721:721 C 721:721 C 721:721 A comparative analysis of the chemical shift data revealed the substituent effects of the carboxymethyl groups at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions on the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the AGUs and that additivity could be applied to the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of CMC. 27112844 1 61 dep 2.84 238:241 arg1 to 235:236 to 235:236 to 235:236 A series of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) samples with degrees of substitution (DS) from 0.68 to 2.84 were prepared from cellulose by multistep carboxymethylation. 27112844 2 62 dep H 386:386 arg1 1 384:384 1 384:384 1 384:384 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 2 62 dep H 386:386 arg1 the 379:381 the 379:381 the 379:381 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 2 63 theme NMR 321:323 arg1 analyses 339:346 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses 305:346 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses 305:346 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 4 64 theme C 851:851 arg1 spectra 857:863 Quantitative (13)C NMR spectra 834:863 Quantitative (13)C NMR spectra of the CMC samples 834:882 Quantitative (13)C NMR spectra of the CMC samples allowed determination of the AGU composition, as well as the substituent distribution at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions of cellulose, which allowed estimation of the reactivity of the hydroxyl groups toward the carboxymethylation. 27112844 1 65 theme substitution 207:218 arg1 degrees 196:202 degrees 196:202 degrees of substitution (DS) from 0.68 to 2.84 196:241 A series of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) samples with degrees of substitution (DS) from 0.68 to 2.84 were prepared from cellulose by multistep carboxymethylation. 27112844 4 66 theme substituent 945:955 arg1 distribution 957:968 the substituent distribution 941:968 the substituent distribution at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions of cellulose 941:1012 Quantitative (13)C NMR spectra of the CMC samples allowed determination of the AGU composition, as well as the substituent distribution at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions of cellulose, which allowed estimation of the reactivity of the hydroxyl groups toward the carboxymethylation. 27112844 4 67 from 3- 981:982 arg1 determination 892:904 determination 892:904 determination of the AGU composition 892:927 Quantitative (13)C NMR spectra of the CMC samples allowed determination of the AGU composition, as well as the substituent distribution at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions of cellulose, which allowed estimation of the reactivity of the hydroxyl groups toward the carboxymethylation. 27112844 4 67 from 3- 981:982 arg1 distribution 957:968 the substituent distribution 941:968 the substituent distribution at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions of cellulose 941:1012 Quantitative (13)C NMR spectra of the CMC samples allowed determination of the AGU composition, as well as the substituent distribution at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions of cellulose, which allowed estimation of the reactivity of the hydroxyl groups toward the carboxymethylation. 27112844 2 68 theme Two-dimensional 305:319 arg1 analyses 339:346 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses 305:346 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses 305:346 Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses allowed complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the eight anhydroglucose units (AGUs) found in CMC: 2,3,6-tri-, 2,3-di-, 2,6-di-, 3,6-di-, 2-mono-, 3-mono-, 6-mono-, and unsubstituted AGUs. 27112844 3 69 from effects 634:640 arg1 shifts 732:737 the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts 704:737 the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the AGUs 704:749 A comparative analysis of the chemical shift data revealed the substituent effects of the carboxymethyl groups at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions on the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the AGUs and that additivity could be applied to the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of CMC. 27112844 3 69 from effects 634:640 arg1 3- 681:682 3- 681:682 3- 681:682 A comparative analysis of the chemical shift data revealed the substituent effects of the carboxymethyl groups at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions on the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the AGUs and that additivity could be applied to the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of CMC. 27112844 3 69 from effects 634:640 arg1 6-positions 689:699 6-positions 689:699 6-positions 689:699 A comparative analysis of the chemical shift data revealed the substituent effects of the carboxymethyl groups at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions on the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the AGUs and that additivity could be applied to the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of CMC. 27112844 3 69 from effects 634:640 arg1 2- 677:678 2- 677:678 2- 677:678 A comparative analysis of the chemical shift data revealed the substituent effects of the carboxymethyl groups at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions on the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the AGUs and that additivity could be applied to the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of CMC. 27112844 3 69 from effects 634:640 arg1 applied 780:786 applied 780:786 could be applied to the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of CMC 771:831 A comparative analysis of the chemical shift data revealed the substituent effects of the carboxymethyl groups at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions on the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the AGUs and that additivity could be applied to the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of CMC. 27112844 3 70 dep H 711:711 arg1 1 709:709 1 709:709 1 709:709 A comparative analysis of the chemical shift data revealed the substituent effects of the carboxymethyl groups at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions on the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the AGUs and that additivity could be applied to the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of CMC. 27112844 0 71 dep characterization 4:19 arg1 distribution 68:79 Substituent distribution 56:79 Substituent distribution 56:79 NMR characterization of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: Substituent distribution and mole fraction of monomers in the polymer chains. 27112844 0 71 dep characterization 4:19 arg1 fraction 90:97 mole fraction 85:97 mole fraction 85:97 NMR characterization of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: Substituent distribution and mole fraction of monomers in the polymer chains. 27112844 4 72 theme composition 917:927 arg1 determination 892:904 determination 892:904 determination of the AGU composition 892:927 Quantitative (13)C NMR spectra of the CMC samples allowed determination of the AGU composition, as well as the substituent distribution at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions of cellulose, which allowed estimation of the reactivity of the hydroxyl groups toward the carboxymethylation. 27112844 4 72 theme composition 917:927 arg1 distribution 957:968 the substituent distribution 941:968 the substituent distribution at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions of cellulose 941:1012 Quantitative (13)C NMR spectra of the CMC samples allowed determination of the AGU composition, as well as the substituent distribution at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions of cellulose, which allowed estimation of the reactivity of the hydroxyl groups toward the carboxymethylation. 27112844 1 73 from 2.84 238:241 arg1 DS 221:222 DS 221:222 DS 221:222 A series of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) samples with degrees of substitution (DS) from 0.68 to 2.84 were prepared from cellulose by multistep carboxymethylation. 27112844 1 73 from 2.84 238:241 arg1 substitution 207:218 substitution 207:218 substitution (DS) from 0.68 to 2.84 207:241 A series of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) samples with degrees of substitution (DS) from 0.68 to 2.84 were prepared from cellulose by multistep carboxymethylation. 27112844 1 73 from 2.84 238:241 arg1 degrees 196:202 degrees 196:202 degrees of substitution (DS) from 0.68 to 2.84 196:241 A series of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) samples with degrees of substitution (DS) from 0.68 to 2.84 were prepared from cellulose by multistep carboxymethylation. 27112844 4 74 dep 2- 977:978 arg1 the 973:975 the 973:975 the 973:975 Quantitative (13)C NMR spectra of the CMC samples allowed determination of the AGU composition, as well as the substituent distribution at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions of cellulose, which allowed estimation of the reactivity of the hydroxyl groups toward the carboxymethylation. 27112844 3 75 from 6-positions 689:699 arg1 effects 634:640 the substituent effects 618:640 the substituent effects of the carboxymethyl groups at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions on the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the AGUs and that additivity could be applied to the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of CMC 618:831 A comparative analysis of the chemical shift data revealed the substituent effects of the carboxymethyl groups at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions on the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the AGUs and that additivity could be applied to the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of CMC. 27112844 3 75 from 6-positions 689:699 arg1 groups 663:668 the carboxymethyl groups 645:668 the carboxymethyl groups at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions 645:699 A comparative analysis of the chemical shift data revealed the substituent effects of the carboxymethyl groups at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions on the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of the AGUs and that additivity could be applied to the (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of CMC. 24906747 2 0 theme bacterial 371:379 arg1 exopolysaccharides 381:398 bacterial exopolysaccharides 371:398 bacterial exopolysaccharides 371:398 The technique was based on the principle that ampicillin can inhibit the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan, which shares a common synthetic pathway with that of bacterial exopolysaccharides. 24906747 7 1 located observed 1014:1021 arg2 differences 997:1007 No differences 994:1007 No differences 994:1007 No differences were observed in the monosaccharide composition produced by the mutant and parent strains; however, high-viscosity mutant strains exhibited higher molecular weights. 24906747 7 1 located observed 1014:1021 arg1 composition 1045:1055 the monosaccharide composition 1026:1055 the monosaccharide composition produced by the mutant and parent strains 1026:1097 No differences were observed in the monosaccharide composition produced by the mutant and parent strains; however, high-viscosity mutant strains exhibited higher molecular weights. 24906747 7 2 theme mutant 1124:1129 arg1 strains 1131:1137 high-viscosity mutant strains 1109:1137 high-viscosity mutant strains 1109:1137 No differences were observed in the monosaccharide composition produced by the mutant and parent strains; however, high-viscosity mutant strains exhibited higher molecular weights. 24906747 6 3 theme isolated 837:844 arg1 strains 853:859 isolated serial strains 837:859 isolated serial strains 837:859 Second, isolated serial strains showed different levels of increase in EPS production and viscosity to satisfy the different requirements of practical applications. 24906747 1 4 theme bacterial 170:178 arg1 exopolysaccharides 180:197 bacterial exopolysaccharides 170:197 bacterial exopolysaccharides 170:197 A universal method to enhance productivity and viscosity of bacterial exopolysaccharides was developed. 24906747 5 5 theme resulting 742:750 arg1 strains 752:758 the resulting strains 738:758 the resulting strains 738:758 First, all of the resulting strains were almost mutants with increase in EPS productivity and viscosity. 24906747 7 6 theme molecular 1156:1164 arg1 weights 1166:1172 higher molecular weights 1149:1172 higher molecular weights 1149:1172 No differences were observed in the monosaccharide composition produced by the mutant and parent strains; however, high-viscosity mutant strains exhibited higher molecular weights. 24906747 8 7 theme developed 1206:1214 arg1 one 1249:1251 a controlled universal one 1226:1251 a controlled universal one that can improve exopolysaccharides productivity and viscosity 1226:1314 The results confirmed that the developed method is a controlled universal one that can improve exopolysaccharides productivity and viscosity. 24906747 8 7 theme developed 1206:1214 arg1 method 1216:1221 the developed method 1202:1221 the developed method 1202:1221 The results confirmed that the developed method is a controlled universal one that can improve exopolysaccharides productivity and viscosity. 24906747 2 8 theme peptidoglycan 303:315 arg1 biosynthesis 287:298 the biosynthesis 283:298 the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan, which shares a common synthetic pathway with that of bacterial exopolysaccharides 283:398 The technique was based on the principle that ampicillin can inhibit the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan, which shares a common synthetic pathway with that of bacterial exopolysaccharides. 24906747 6 9 from viscosity 919:927 arg1 levels 878:883 different levels 868:883 different levels of increase in EPS production and viscosity 868:927 Second, isolated serial strains showed different levels of increase in EPS production and viscosity to satisfy the different requirements of practical applications. 24906747 1 10 theme exopolysaccharides 180:197 arg1 viscosity 157:165 viscosity 157:165 viscosity 157:165 A universal method to enhance productivity and viscosity of bacterial exopolysaccharides was developed. 24906747 1 10 theme exopolysaccharides 180:197 arg1 productivity 140:151 productivity 140:151 productivity 140:151 A universal method to enhance productivity and viscosity of bacterial exopolysaccharides was developed. 24906747 0 11 theme exopolysaccharides 45:62 arg1 yields 25:30 yields 25:30 yields 25:30 Increasing viscosity and yields of bacterial exopolysaccharides by repeatedly exposing strains to ampicillin. 24906747 0 11 theme exopolysaccharides 45:62 arg1 viscosity 11:19 viscosity 11:19 viscosity 11:19 Increasing viscosity and yields of bacterial exopolysaccharides by repeatedly exposing strains to ampicillin. 24906747 7 12 theme higher 1149:1154 arg1 weights 1166:1172 higher molecular weights 1149:1172 higher molecular weights 1149:1172 No differences were observed in the monosaccharide composition produced by the mutant and parent strains; however, high-viscosity mutant strains exhibited higher molecular weights. 24906747 8 13 theme controlled 1228:1237 arg1 one 1249:1251 a controlled universal one 1226:1251 a controlled universal one that can improve exopolysaccharides productivity and viscosity 1226:1314 The results confirmed that the developed method is a controlled universal one that can improve exopolysaccharides productivity and viscosity. 24906747 8 13 theme controlled 1228:1237 arg1 method 1216:1221 the developed method 1202:1221 the developed method 1202:1221 The results confirmed that the developed method is a controlled universal one that can improve exopolysaccharides productivity and viscosity. 24906747 8 14 theme universal 1239:1247 arg1 one 1249:1251 a controlled universal one 1226:1251 a controlled universal one that can improve exopolysaccharides productivity and viscosity 1226:1314 The results confirmed that the developed method is a controlled universal one that can improve exopolysaccharides productivity and viscosity. 24906747 8 14 theme universal 1239:1247 arg1 method 1216:1221 the developed method 1202:1221 the developed method 1202:1221 The results confirmed that the developed method is a controlled universal one that can improve exopolysaccharides productivity and viscosity. 24906747 6 15 theme EPS 900:902 arg1 production 904:913 EPS production 900:913 EPS production 900:913 Second, isolated serial strains showed different levels of increase in EPS production and viscosity to satisfy the different requirements of practical applications. 24906747 5 16 dep EPS 797:799 arg1 EPS 797:799 EPS productivity and viscosity 797:826 EPS productivity and viscosity 797:826 First, all of the resulting strains were almost mutants with increase in EPS productivity and viscosity. 24906747 5 16 dep EPS 797:799 arg1 viscosity 818:826 viscosity 818:826 viscosity 818:826 First, all of the resulting strains were almost mutants with increase in EPS productivity and viscosity. 24906747 5 16 dep EPS 797:799 arg1 productivity 801:812 productivity 801:812 productivity 801:812 First, all of the resulting strains were almost mutants with increase in EPS productivity and viscosity. 24906747 2 17 theme common 333:338 arg1 pathway 350:356 a common synthetic pathway 331:356 a common synthetic pathway 331:356 The technique was based on the principle that ampicillin can inhibit the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan, which shares a common synthetic pathway with that of bacterial exopolysaccharides. 24906747 3 18 theme EPS-producing 463:475 arg1 strains 477:483 bacterial EPS-producing strains 453:483 bacterial EPS-producing strains 453:483 Serial passages of three typical representatives of bacterial EPS-producing strains, namely Sphingomonas elodea, Xanthomonas campestris, and Paenibacillus elgii, were subjected to ampicillin, which was used as a stressor and a mutagen. 24906747 6 19 from levels 878:883 arg1 viscosity 919:927 viscosity 919:927 viscosity 919:927 Second, isolated serial strains showed different levels of increase in EPS production and viscosity to satisfy the different requirements of practical applications. 24906747 6 19 from levels 878:883 arg1 production 904:913 EPS production 900:913 EPS production 900:913 Second, isolated serial strains showed different levels of increase in EPS production and viscosity to satisfy the different requirements of practical applications. 24906747 6 20 from production 904:913 arg1 levels 878:883 different levels 868:883 different levels of increase in EPS production and viscosity 868:927 Second, isolated serial strains showed different levels of increase in EPS production and viscosity to satisfy the different requirements of practical applications. 24906747 6 21 theme different 868:876 arg1 levels 878:883 different levels 868:883 different levels of increase in EPS production and viscosity 868:927 Second, isolated serial strains showed different levels of increase in EPS production and viscosity to satisfy the different requirements of practical applications. 24906747 3 22 theme strains 477:483 arg1 representatives 434:448 three typical representatives 420:448 three typical representatives 420:448 Serial passages of three typical representatives of bacterial EPS-producing strains, namely Sphingomonas elodea, Xanthomonas campestris, and Paenibacillus elgii, were subjected to ampicillin, which was used as a stressor and a mutagen. 24906747 3 22 theme strains 477:483 arg1 campestris 526:535 Xanthomonas campestris 514:535 Xanthomonas campestris 514:535 Serial passages of three typical representatives of bacterial EPS-producing strains, namely Sphingomonas elodea, Xanthomonas campestris, and Paenibacillus elgii, were subjected to ampicillin, which was used as a stressor and a mutagen. 24906747 3 22 theme strains 477:483 arg1 elgii 556:560 Paenibacillus elgii 542:560 Paenibacillus elgii 542:560 Serial passages of three typical representatives of bacterial EPS-producing strains, namely Sphingomonas elodea, Xanthomonas campestris, and Paenibacillus elgii, were subjected to ampicillin, which was used as a stressor and a mutagen. 24906747 3 22 theme strains 477:483 arg1 elodea 506:511 Sphingomonas elodea 493:511 Sphingomonas elodea 493:511 Serial passages of three typical representatives of bacterial EPS-producing strains, namely Sphingomonas elodea, Xanthomonas campestris, and Paenibacillus elgii, were subjected to ampicillin, which was used as a stressor and a mutagen. 24906747 3 23 theme Serial 401:406 arg1 passages 408:415 Serial passages 401:415 Serial passages of three typical representatives of bacterial EPS-producing strains, namely Sphingomonas elodea, Xanthomonas campestris, and Paenibacillus elgii, 401:561 Serial passages of three typical representatives of bacterial EPS-producing strains, namely Sphingomonas elodea, Xanthomonas campestris, and Paenibacillus elgii, were subjected to ampicillin, which was used as a stressor and a mutagen. 24906747 3 24 used used 603:606 arg2 stressor 613:620 a stressor 611:620 a stressor 611:620 Serial passages of three typical representatives of bacterial EPS-producing strains, namely Sphingomonas elodea, Xanthomonas campestris, and Paenibacillus elgii, were subjected to ampicillin, which was used as a stressor and a mutagen. 24906747 3 24 used used 603:606 arg2 mutagen 628:634 a mutagen 626:634 a mutagen 626:634 Serial passages of three typical representatives of bacterial EPS-producing strains, namely Sphingomonas elodea, Xanthomonas campestris, and Paenibacillus elgii, were subjected to ampicillin, which was used as a stressor and a mutagen. 24906747 3 24 used used 603:606 arg2 ampicillin 581:590 ampicillin 581:590 ampicillin 581:590 Serial passages of three typical representatives of bacterial EPS-producing strains, namely Sphingomonas elodea, Xanthomonas campestris, and Paenibacillus elgii, were subjected to ampicillin, which was used as a stressor and a mutagen. 24906747 6 25 from increase 888:895 arg1 viscosity 919:927 viscosity 919:927 viscosity 919:927 Second, isolated serial strains showed different levels of increase in EPS production and viscosity to satisfy the different requirements of practical applications. 24906747 6 25 from increase 888:895 arg1 production 904:913 EPS production 900:913 EPS production 900:913 Second, isolated serial strains showed different levels of increase in EPS production and viscosity to satisfy the different requirements of practical applications. 24906747 7 26 theme high-viscosity 1109:1122 arg1 strains 1131:1137 high-viscosity mutant strains 1109:1137 high-viscosity mutant strains 1109:1137 No differences were observed in the monosaccharide composition produced by the mutant and parent strains; however, high-viscosity mutant strains exhibited higher molecular weights. 24906747 1 27 theme universal 112:120 arg1 method 122:127 A universal method 110:127 A universal method to enhance productivity and viscosity of bacterial exopolysaccharides 110:197 A universal method to enhance productivity and viscosity of bacterial exopolysaccharides was developed. 24906747 3 28 theme Xanthomonas 514:524 arg1 representatives 434:448 three typical representatives 420:448 three typical representatives 420:448 Serial passages of three typical representatives of bacterial EPS-producing strains, namely Sphingomonas elodea, Xanthomonas campestris, and Paenibacillus elgii, were subjected to ampicillin, which was used as a stressor and a mutagen. 24906747 3 28 theme Xanthomonas 514:524 arg1 campestris 526:535 Xanthomonas campestris 514:535 Xanthomonas campestris 514:535 Serial passages of three typical representatives of bacterial EPS-producing strains, namely Sphingomonas elodea, Xanthomonas campestris, and Paenibacillus elgii, were subjected to ampicillin, which was used as a stressor and a mutagen. 24906747 0 29 theme bacterial 35:43 arg1 exopolysaccharides 45:62 bacterial exopolysaccharides 35:62 bacterial exopolysaccharides 35:62 Increasing viscosity and yields of bacterial exopolysaccharides by repeatedly exposing strains to ampicillin. 24906747 3 30 theme Sphingomonas 493:504 arg1 elodea 506:511 Sphingomonas elodea 493:511 Sphingomonas elodea 493:511 Serial passages of three typical representatives of bacterial EPS-producing strains, namely Sphingomonas elodea, Xanthomonas campestris, and Paenibacillus elgii, were subjected to ampicillin, which was used as a stressor and a mutagen. 24906747 3 30 theme Sphingomonas 493:504 arg1 representatives 434:448 three typical representatives 420:448 three typical representatives 420:448 Serial passages of three typical representatives of bacterial EPS-producing strains, namely Sphingomonas elodea, Xanthomonas campestris, and Paenibacillus elgii, were subjected to ampicillin, which was used as a stressor and a mutagen. 24906747 4 31 theme other 680:684 arg1 strains 686:692 other strains 680:692 other strains because of two major factors 680:721 These mutant strains are advantageous over other strains because of two major factors. 24906747 3 32 theme bacterial 453:461 arg1 strains 477:483 bacterial EPS-producing strains 453:483 bacterial EPS-producing strains 453:483 Serial passages of three typical representatives of bacterial EPS-producing strains, namely Sphingomonas elodea, Xanthomonas campestris, and Paenibacillus elgii, were subjected to ampicillin, which was used as a stressor and a mutagen. 24906747 6 33 theme applications 980:991 arg1 requirements 954:965 the different requirements 940:965 the different requirements of practical applications 940:991 Second, isolated serial strains showed different levels of increase in EPS production and viscosity to satisfy the different requirements of practical applications. 24906747 3 34 theme typical 426:432 arg1 representatives 434:448 three typical representatives 420:448 three typical representatives 420:448 Serial passages of three typical representatives of bacterial EPS-producing strains, namely Sphingomonas elodea, Xanthomonas campestris, and Paenibacillus elgii, were subjected to ampicillin, which was used as a stressor and a mutagen. 24906747 3 34 theme typical 426:432 arg1 campestris 526:535 Xanthomonas campestris 514:535 Xanthomonas campestris 514:535 Serial passages of three typical representatives of bacterial EPS-producing strains, namely Sphingomonas elodea, Xanthomonas campestris, and Paenibacillus elgii, were subjected to ampicillin, which was used as a stressor and a mutagen. 24906747 3 34 theme typical 426:432 arg1 elgii 556:560 Paenibacillus elgii 542:560 Paenibacillus elgii 542:560 Serial passages of three typical representatives of bacterial EPS-producing strains, namely Sphingomonas elodea, Xanthomonas campestris, and Paenibacillus elgii, were subjected to ampicillin, which was used as a stressor and a mutagen. 24906747 3 34 theme typical 426:432 arg1 elodea 506:511 Sphingomonas elodea 493:511 Sphingomonas elodea 493:511 Serial passages of three typical representatives of bacterial EPS-producing strains, namely Sphingomonas elodea, Xanthomonas campestris, and Paenibacillus elgii, were subjected to ampicillin, which was used as a stressor and a mutagen. 24906747 6 35 theme practical 970:978 arg1 applications 980:991 practical applications 970:991 practical applications 970:991 Second, isolated serial strains showed different levels of increase in EPS production and viscosity to satisfy the different requirements of practical applications. 24906747 7 36 theme parent 1084:1089 arg1 strains 1091:1097 the mutant and parent strains 1069:1097 strains 1091:1097 No differences were observed in the monosaccharide composition produced by the mutant and parent strains; however, high-viscosity mutant strains exhibited higher molecular weights. 24906747 3 37 theme representatives 434:448 arg1 passages 408:415 Serial passages 401:415 Serial passages of three typical representatives of bacterial EPS-producing strains, namely Sphingomonas elodea, Xanthomonas campestris, and Paenibacillus elgii, 401:561 Serial passages of three typical representatives of bacterial EPS-producing strains, namely Sphingomonas elodea, Xanthomonas campestris, and Paenibacillus elgii, were subjected to ampicillin, which was used as a stressor and a mutagen. 24906747 5 38 from increase 785:792 arg1 EPS 797:799 EPS productivity and viscosity 797:826 EPS productivity and viscosity 797:826 First, all of the resulting strains were almost mutants with increase in EPS productivity and viscosity. 24906747 5 38 from increase 785:792 arg1 viscosity 818:826 viscosity 818:826 viscosity 818:826 First, all of the resulting strains were almost mutants with increase in EPS productivity and viscosity. 24906747 5 38 from increase 785:792 arg1 productivity 801:812 productivity 801:812 productivity 801:812 First, all of the resulting strains were almost mutants with increase in EPS productivity and viscosity. 24906747 3 39 theme Paenibacillus 542:554 arg1 representatives 434:448 three typical representatives 420:448 three typical representatives 420:448 Serial passages of three typical representatives of bacterial EPS-producing strains, namely Sphingomonas elodea, Xanthomonas campestris, and Paenibacillus elgii, were subjected to ampicillin, which was used as a stressor and a mutagen. 24906747 3 39 theme Paenibacillus 542:554 arg1 elgii 556:560 Paenibacillus elgii 542:560 Paenibacillus elgii 542:560 Serial passages of three typical representatives of bacterial EPS-producing strains, namely Sphingomonas elodea, Xanthomonas campestris, and Paenibacillus elgii, were subjected to ampicillin, which was used as a stressor and a mutagen. 24906747 8 40 dep exopolysaccharides 1270:1287 arg1 exopolysaccharides 1270:1287 exopolysaccharides productivity and viscosity 1270:1314 exopolysaccharides productivity and viscosity 1270:1314 The results confirmed that the developed method is a controlled universal one that can improve exopolysaccharides productivity and viscosity. 24906747 8 40 dep exopolysaccharides 1270:1287 arg1 viscosity 1306:1314 viscosity 1306:1314 viscosity 1306:1314 The results confirmed that the developed method is a controlled universal one that can improve exopolysaccharides productivity and viscosity. 24906747 8 40 dep exopolysaccharides 1270:1287 arg1 productivity 1289:1300 productivity 1289:1300 productivity 1289:1300 The results confirmed that the developed method is a controlled universal one that can improve exopolysaccharides productivity and viscosity. 24906747 7 41 theme mutant 1073:1078 arg1 strains 1091:1097 the mutant and parent strains 1069:1097 strains 1091:1097 No differences were observed in the monosaccharide composition produced by the mutant and parent strains; however, high-viscosity mutant strains exhibited higher molecular weights. 24906747 2 42 theme synthetic 340:348 arg1 pathway 350:356 a common synthetic pathway 331:356 a common synthetic pathway 331:356 The technique was based on the principle that ampicillin can inhibit the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan, which shares a common synthetic pathway with that of bacterial exopolysaccharides. 24906747 6 43 theme increase 888:895 arg1 levels 878:883 different levels 868:883 different levels of increase in EPS production and viscosity 868:927 Second, isolated serial strains showed different levels of increase in EPS production and viscosity to satisfy the different requirements of practical applications. 24906747 6 44 theme serial 846:851 arg1 strains 853:859 isolated serial strains 837:859 isolated serial strains 837:859 Second, isolated serial strains showed different levels of increase in EPS production and viscosity to satisfy the different requirements of practical applications. 24906747 5 45 with mutants 772:778 arg1 increase 785:792 increase 785:792 increase in EPS productivity and viscosity 785:826 First, all of the resulting strains were almost mutants with increase in EPS productivity and viscosity. 24906747 7 46 theme monosaccharide 1030:1043 arg1 composition 1045:1055 the monosaccharide composition 1026:1055 the monosaccharide composition produced by the mutant and parent strains 1026:1097 No differences were observed in the monosaccharide composition produced by the mutant and parent strains; however, high-viscosity mutant strains exhibited higher molecular weights. 24906747 4 47 theme factors 715:721 arg1 strains 686:692 other strains 680:692 other strains because of two major factors 680:721 These mutant strains are advantageous over other strains because of two major factors. 24906747 6 48 theme different 944:952 arg1 requirements 954:965 the different requirements 940:965 the different requirements of practical applications 940:991 Second, isolated serial strains showed different levels of increase in EPS production and viscosity to satisfy the different requirements of practical applications. 24906747 4 49 theme major 709:713 arg1 factors 715:721 two major factors 705:721 two major factors 705:721 These mutant strains are advantageous over other strains because of two major factors. 24906747 4 50 theme mutant 643:648 arg1 strains 650:656 These mutant strains 637:656 These mutant strains 637:656 These mutant strains are advantageous over other strains because of two major factors. 24906741 0 0 theme Ag 84:85 arg1 nanoparticles 87:99 spherical Ag nanoparticles 74:99 spherical Ag nanoparticles 74:99 Production of antibacterial colored viscose fibers using in situ prepared spherical Ag nanoparticles. 24906741 7 1 with fibers 911:916 arg1 shades 933:938 different shades 923:938 different shades 923:938 Depending on the silver concentration, yellowish colored fibers with different shades were produced. 24906741 6 2 theme Fastness 750:757 arg1 properties 759:768 Fastness properties 750:768 Fastness properties 750:768 Fastness properties and silver release were all measured to study the washable and wear off properties. 24906741 3 3 theme nanosilver-viscose 513:530 arg1 composites 532:541 nanosilver-viscose composites 513:541 nanosilver-viscose composites 513:541 The main objective of this research was to successfully employ the reducing and stabilizing features of cellulose to produce nanosilver-viscose composites. 24906741 7 4 theme different 923:931 arg1 shades 933:938 different shades 923:938 different shades 923:938 Depending on the silver concentration, yellowish colored fibers with different shades were produced. 24906741 0 5 theme spherical 74:82 arg1 nanoparticles 87:99 spherical Ag nanoparticles 74:99 spherical Ag nanoparticles 74:99 Production of antibacterial colored viscose fibers using in situ prepared spherical Ag nanoparticles. 24906741 7 6 theme colored 903:909 arg1 fibers 911:916 yellowish colored fibers 893:916 yellowish colored fibers with different shades 893:938 Depending on the silver concentration, yellowish colored fibers with different shades were produced. 24906741 4 7 theme plasmon 621:627 arg1 resonance 629:637 surface plasmon resonance 613:637 surface plasmon resonance of silver 613:647 Coloration of fibers after in situ AgNPs incorporation is related to surface plasmon resonance of silver. 24906741 6 8 theme wear 833:836 arg1 properties 842:851 the washable and wear off properties 816:851 the washable and wear off properties 816:851 Fastness properties and silver release were all measured to study the washable and wear off properties. 24906741 4 9 theme surface 613:619 arg1 resonance 629:637 surface plasmon resonance 613:637 surface plasmon resonance of silver 613:647 Coloration of fibers after in situ AgNPs incorporation is related to surface plasmon resonance of silver. 24906741 2 10 theme other 349:353 arg1 reducing 355:362 any other reducing and stabilizing agents 345:385 reducing 355:362 AgNPs were prepared in situ and incorporated in viscose matrix directly without using any other reducing and stabilizing agents. 24906741 5 11 theme Colorimetric 650:661 arg1 function 687:694 a function 685:694 a function of washings to characterize the final colored fibers 685:747 Colorimetric data were recorded as a function of washings to characterize the final colored fibers. 24906741 5 11 theme Colorimetric 650:661 arg1 data 663:666 Colorimetric data 650:666 Colorimetric data 650:666 Colorimetric data were recorded as a function of washings to characterize the final colored fibers. 24906741 7 12 theme yellowish 893:901 arg1 fibers 911:916 yellowish colored fibers 893:916 yellowish colored fibers with different shades 893:938 Depending on the silver concentration, yellowish colored fibers with different shades were produced. 24906741 1 13 theme excellent 172:180 arg1 properties 196:205 excellent antibacterial properties 172:205 excellent antibacterial properties for viscose fibers 172:224 In situ incorporation technique was used for coloration and acquiring excellent antibacterial properties for viscose fibers by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). 24906741 0 14 theme fibers 44:49 arg1 Production 0:9 Production 0:9 Production of antibacterial colored viscose fibers using in situ 0:63 Production of antibacterial colored viscose fibers using in situ prepared spherical Ag nanoparticles. 24906741 6 15 theme washable 820:827 arg1 properties 842:851 the washable and wear off properties 816:851 the washable and wear off properties 816:851 Fastness properties and silver release were all measured to study the washable and wear off properties. 24906741 7 16 theme silver 871:876 arg1 concentration 878:890 the silver concentration 867:890 the silver concentration 867:890 Depending on the silver concentration, yellowish colored fibers with different shades were produced. 24906741 1 17 theme antibacterial 182:194 arg1 properties 196:205 excellent antibacterial properties 172:205 excellent antibacterial properties for viscose fibers 172:224 In situ incorporation technique was used for coloration and acquiring excellent antibacterial properties for viscose fibers by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). 24906741 3 18 theme main 392:395 arg1 objective 397:405 The main objective 388:405 The main objective of this research 388:422 The main objective of this research was to successfully employ the reducing and stabilizing features of cellulose to produce nanosilver-viscose composites. 24906741 1 19 used used 138:141 arg2 technique 124:132 In situ incorporation technique 102:132 In situ incorporation technique 102:132 In situ incorporation technique was used for coloration and acquiring excellent antibacterial properties for viscose fibers by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). 24906741 4 20 theme AgNPs 579:583 arg1 incorporation 585:597 in situ AgNPs incorporation 571:597 in situ AgNPs incorporation 571:597 Coloration of fibers after in situ AgNPs incorporation is related to surface plasmon resonance of silver. 24906741 0 21 theme colored 28:34 arg1 fibers 44:49 antibacterial colored viscose fibers 14:49 antibacterial colored viscose fibers using in situ 14:63 Production of antibacterial colored viscose fibers using in situ prepared spherical Ag nanoparticles. 24906741 5 22 theme final 728:732 arg1 fibers 742:747 the final colored fibers 724:747 the final colored fibers 724:747 Colorimetric data were recorded as a function of washings to characterize the final colored fibers. 24906741 2 23 theme viscose 307:313 arg1 matrix 315:320 viscose matrix 307:320 viscose matrix 307:320 AgNPs were prepared in situ and incorporated in viscose matrix directly without using any other reducing and stabilizing agents. 24906741 3 24 theme stabilizing 468:478 arg1 features 480:487 the reducing and stabilizing features 451:487 features 480:487 The main objective of this research was to successfully employ the reducing and stabilizing features of cellulose to produce nanosilver-viscose composites. 24906741 0 25 theme antibacterial 14:26 arg1 fibers 44:49 antibacterial colored viscose fibers 14:49 antibacterial colored viscose fibers using in situ 14:63 Production of antibacterial colored viscose fibers using in situ prepared spherical Ag nanoparticles. 24906741 5 26 theme colored 734:740 arg1 fibers 742:747 the final colored fibers 724:747 the final colored fibers 724:747 Colorimetric data were recorded as a function of washings to characterize the final colored fibers. 24906741 3 27 theme research 415:422 arg1 objective 397:405 The main objective 388:405 The main objective of this research 388:422 The main objective of this research was to successfully employ the reducing and stabilizing features of cellulose to produce nanosilver-viscose composites. 24906741 9 28 contain had 1072:1074 arg2 activities 1100:1109 excellent antibacterial activities 1076:1109 excellent antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli 1076:1134 The colored fibers had excellent antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, even after 20 washings. 24906741 9 28 contain had 1072:1074 arg1 fibers 1065:1070 The colored fibers 1053:1070 The colored fibers 1053:1070 The colored fibers had excellent antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, even after 20 washings. 24906741 3 29 theme reducing 455:462 arg1 features 480:487 the reducing and stabilizing features 451:487 features 480:487 The main objective of this research was to successfully employ the reducing and stabilizing features of cellulose to produce nanosilver-viscose composites. 24906741 0 30 theme viscose 36:42 arg1 fibers 44:49 antibacterial colored viscose fibers 14:49 antibacterial colored viscose fibers using in situ 14:63 Production of antibacterial colored viscose fibers using in situ prepared spherical Ag nanoparticles. 24906741 4 31 theme fibers 558:563 arg1 Coloration 544:553 Coloration 544:553 Coloration of fibers after in situ AgNPs incorporation 544:597 Coloration of fibers after in situ AgNPs incorporation is related to surface plasmon resonance of silver. 24906741 8 32 theme fastness 960:967 arg1 properties 969:978 Good fastness properties 955:978 Good fastness properties 955:978 Good fastness properties were obtained after 20 washings without using any crosslinker or binder. 24906741 1 33 theme silver 229:234 arg1 AgNPs 251:255 AgNPs 251:255 AgNPs 251:255 In situ incorporation technique was used for coloration and acquiring excellent antibacterial properties for viscose fibers by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). 24906741 1 33 theme silver 229:234 arg1 nanoparticles 236:248 silver nanoparticles 229:248 silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) 229:256 In situ incorporation technique was used for coloration and acquiring excellent antibacterial properties for viscose fibers by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). 24906741 5 34 theme washings 699:706 arg1 function 687:694 a function 685:694 a function of washings to characterize the final colored fibers 685:747 Colorimetric data were recorded as a function of washings to characterize the final colored fibers. 24906741 5 34 theme washings 699:706 arg1 data 663:666 Colorimetric data 650:666 Colorimetric data 650:666 Colorimetric data were recorded as a function of washings to characterize the final colored fibers. 24906741 8 35 theme Good 955:958 arg1 properties 969:978 Good fastness properties 955:978 Good fastness properties 955:978 Good fastness properties were obtained after 20 washings without using any crosslinker or binder. 24906741 1 36 theme incorporation 110:122 arg1 technique 124:132 In situ incorporation technique 102:132 In situ incorporation technique 102:132 In situ incorporation technique was used for coloration and acquiring excellent antibacterial properties for viscose fibers by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). 24906741 4 37 theme in 571:572 arg1 incorporation 585:597 in situ AgNPs incorporation 571:597 in situ AgNPs incorporation 571:597 Coloration of fibers after in situ AgNPs incorporation is related to surface plasmon resonance of silver. 24906741 9 38 theme colored 1057:1063 arg1 fibers 1065:1070 The colored fibers 1053:1070 The colored fibers 1053:1070 The colored fibers had excellent antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, even after 20 washings. 24906741 1 39 theme In 102:103 arg1 technique 124:132 In situ incorporation technique 102:132 In situ incorporation technique 102:132 In situ incorporation technique was used for coloration and acquiring excellent antibacterial properties for viscose fibers by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). 24906741 6 40 theme silver 774:779 arg1 release 781:787 silver release 774:787 silver release 774:787 Fastness properties and silver release were all measured to study the washable and wear off properties. 24906741 3 41 theme cellulose 492:500 arg1 features 480:487 the reducing and stabilizing features 451:487 features 480:487 The main objective of this research was to successfully employ the reducing and stabilizing features of cellulose to produce nanosilver-viscose composites. 24906741 1 42 theme viscose 211:217 arg1 fibers 219:224 viscose fibers 211:224 viscose fibers 211:224 In situ incorporation technique was used for coloration and acquiring excellent antibacterial properties for viscose fibers by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). 24906741 1 43 dep In 102:103 arg1 situ 105:108 situ 105:108 situ 105:108 In situ incorporation technique was used for coloration and acquiring excellent antibacterial properties for viscose fibers by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). 24906741 9 44 theme excellent 1076:1084 arg1 activities 1100:1109 excellent antibacterial activities 1076:1109 excellent antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli 1076:1134 The colored fibers had excellent antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, even after 20 washings. 24906741 4 45 dep in 571:572 arg1 situ 574:577 situ 574:577 situ 574:577 Coloration of fibers after in situ AgNPs incorporation is related to surface plasmon resonance of silver. 24906741 2 46 theme stabilizing 368:378 arg1 agents 380:385 any other reducing and stabilizing agents 345:385 agents 380:385 AgNPs were prepared in situ and incorporated in viscose matrix directly without using any other reducing and stabilizing agents. 24906741 9 47 theme antibacterial 1086:1098 arg1 activities 1100:1109 excellent antibacterial activities 1076:1109 excellent antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli 1076:1134 The colored fibers had excellent antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, even after 20 washings. 24906741 4 48 theme silver 642:647 arg1 resonance 629:637 surface plasmon resonance 613:637 surface plasmon resonance of silver 613:647 Coloration of fibers after in situ AgNPs incorporation is related to surface plasmon resonance of silver. 28867090 1 0 from language-grown 364:377 arg1 provinces 393:401 four major provinces 382:401 four major provinces in Thailand 382:413 This study determined nutrients, chemical contaminants, (insecticide residues and heavy metals), and natural toxic substances (nitrate, nitrite, cyanide, oxalate, phytate, and trypsin inhibitor) in tubers of Jerusalem artichokes-Kaentawan in the Thai language-grown in four major provinces in Thailand. 28867090 1 1 theme trypsin 289:295 arg1 inhibitor 297:305 trypsin inhibitor 289:305 trypsin inhibitor 289:305 This study determined nutrients, chemical contaminants, (insecticide residues and heavy metals), and natural toxic substances (nitrate, nitrite, cyanide, oxalate, phytate, and trypsin inhibitor) in tubers of Jerusalem artichokes-Kaentawan in the Thai language-grown in four major provinces in Thailand. 28867090 1 1 theme trypsin 289:295 arg1 substances 228:237 natural toxic substances 214:237 natural toxic substances (nitrate, nitrite, cyanide, oxalate, phytate, and trypsin inhibitor) 214:306 This study determined nutrients, chemical contaminants, (insecticide residues and heavy metals), and natural toxic substances (nitrate, nitrite, cyanide, oxalate, phytate, and trypsin inhibitor) in tubers of Jerusalem artichokes-Kaentawan in the Thai language-grown in four major provinces in Thailand. 28867090 0 2 from substances 28:37 arg1 Jerusalem 60:68 commonly consumed Jerusalem 42:68 commonly consumed Jerusalem 42:68 Nutrients and natural toxic substances in commonly consumed Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) tuber. 28867090 1 3 theme chemical 146:153 arg1 contaminants 155:166 chemical contaminants 146:166 chemical contaminants, (insecticide residues and heavy metals) 146:207 This study determined nutrients, chemical contaminants, (insecticide residues and heavy metals), and natural toxic substances (nitrate, nitrite, cyanide, oxalate, phytate, and trypsin inhibitor) in tubers of Jerusalem artichokes-Kaentawan in the Thai language-grown in four major provinces in Thailand. 28867090 4 4 theme Pb 856:857 arg1 amounts 765:771 very low amounts 756:771 very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), 756:954 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 4 4 theme Pb 856:857 arg1 compounds 801:809 37 compounds 798:809 37 compounds 798:809 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 4 4 theme Pb 856:857 arg1 cyanide 813:819 cyanide 813:819 cyanide 813:819 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 4 4 theme Pb 856:857 arg1 residues 788:795 insecticide residues 776:795 insecticide residues (37 compounds) 776:810 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 4 4 theme Pb 856:857 arg1 Pb 856:857 Pb 856:857 Pb 856:857 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 4 4 theme Pb 856:857 arg1 inhibitor 834:842 trypsin inhibitor 826:842 trypsin inhibitor 826:842 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 3 5 theme 15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh 606:635 arg1 [FW 644:646 15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW 606:646 15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW 606:646 All Kaentawan samples contained considerable amounts of fructans and dietary fiber (15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW], respectively), as well as potassium and iron (339±61and0.32±0.05mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 3 5 theme 15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh 606:635 arg1 fiber 599:603 dietary fiber 591:603 dietary fiber (15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW] 591:647 All Kaentawan samples contained considerable amounts of fructans and dietary fiber (15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW], respectively), as well as potassium and iron (339±61and0.32±0.05mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 3 6 contain contained 544:552 arg2 fiber 599:603 dietary fiber 591:603 dietary fiber (15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW] 591:647 All Kaentawan samples contained considerable amounts of fructans and dietary fiber (15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW], respectively), as well as potassium and iron (339±61and0.32±0.05mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 3 6 contain contained 544:552 arg2 potassium 676:684 potassium 676:684 potassium 676:684 All Kaentawan samples contained considerable amounts of fructans and dietary fiber (15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW], respectively), as well as potassium and iron (339±61and0.32±0.05mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 3 6 contain contained 544:552 arg1 samples 536:542 All Kaentawan samples 522:542 All Kaentawan samples 522:542 All Kaentawan samples contained considerable amounts of fructans and dietary fiber (15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW], respectively), as well as potassium and iron (339±61and0.32±0.05mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 3 6 contain contained 544:552 arg2 amounts 567:573 considerable amounts 554:573 considerable amounts 554:573 All Kaentawan samples contained considerable amounts of fructans and dietary fiber (15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW], respectively), as well as potassium and iron (339±61and0.32±0.05mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 3 6 contain contained 544:552 arg2 [FW 644:646 15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW 606:646 15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW 606:646 All Kaentawan samples contained considerable amounts of fructans and dietary fiber (15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW], respectively), as well as potassium and iron (339±61and0.32±0.05mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 3 6 contain contained 544:552 arg2 fructans 578:585 fructans 578:585 fructans 578:585 All Kaentawan samples contained considerable amounts of fructans and dietary fiber (15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW], respectively), as well as potassium and iron (339±61and0.32±0.05mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 2 7 theme further 481:487 arg1 analysis 489:496 further analysis 481:496 further analysis using standard methods 481:519 They were purchased, prepared, homogenized, and freeze-dried for further analysis using standard methods. 28867090 0 8 from Nutrients 0:8 arg1 Jerusalem 60:68 commonly consumed Jerusalem 42:68 commonly consumed Jerusalem 42:68 Nutrients and natural toxic substances in commonly consumed Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) tuber. 28867090 3 9 theme weight 637:642 arg1 [FW 644:646 15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW 606:646 15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW 606:646 All Kaentawan samples contained considerable amounts of fructans and dietary fiber (15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW], respectively), as well as potassium and iron (339±61and0.32±0.05mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 3 9 theme weight 637:642 arg1 fiber 599:603 dietary fiber 591:603 dietary fiber (15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW] 591:647 All Kaentawan samples contained considerable amounts of fructans and dietary fiber (15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW], respectively), as well as potassium and iron (339±61and0.32±0.05mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 5 10 theme safety 1103:1108 arg1 consumption 1110:1120 safety consumption 1103:1120 safety consumption 1103:1120 This study's data can be used for food composition databases and for safety consumption. 28867090 3 11 theme Kaentawan 526:534 arg1 samples 536:542 All Kaentawan samples 522:542 All Kaentawan samples 522:542 All Kaentawan samples contained considerable amounts of fructans and dietary fiber (15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW], respectively), as well as potassium and iron (339±61and0.32±0.05mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 4 12 theme trypsin 826:832 arg1 inhibitor 834:842 trypsin inhibitor 826:842 trypsin inhibitor 826:842 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 1 13 from provinces 393:401 arg1 Thailand 406:413 Thailand 406:413 Thailand 406:413 This study determined nutrients, chemical contaminants, (insecticide residues and heavy metals), and natural toxic substances (nitrate, nitrite, cyanide, oxalate, phytate, and trypsin inhibitor) in tubers of Jerusalem artichokes-Kaentawan in the Thai language-grown in four major provinces in Thailand. 28867090 4 14 dep Pb 856:857 arg1 0.82±0.09 886:894 0.82±0.09 886:894 0.82±0.09 886:894 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 1 15 theme Jerusalem 321:329 arg1 artichokes-Kaentawan 331:350 Jerusalem artichokes-Kaentawan 321:350 Jerusalem artichokes-Kaentawan 321:350 This study determined nutrients, chemical contaminants, (insecticide residues and heavy metals), and natural toxic substances (nitrate, nitrite, cyanide, oxalate, phytate, and trypsin inhibitor) in tubers of Jerusalem artichokes-Kaentawan in the Thai language-grown in four major provinces in Thailand. 28867090 4 16 theme cyanide 813:819 arg1 amounts 765:771 very low amounts 756:771 very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), 756:954 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 4 16 theme cyanide 813:819 arg1 compounds 801:809 37 compounds 798:809 37 compounds 798:809 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 4 16 theme cyanide 813:819 arg1 cyanide 813:819 cyanide 813:819 cyanide 813:819 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 4 16 theme cyanide 813:819 arg1 residues 788:795 insecticide residues 776:795 insecticide residues (37 compounds) 776:810 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 4 16 theme cyanide 813:819 arg1 Pb 856:857 Pb 856:857 Pb 856:857 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 4 16 theme cyanide 813:819 arg1 inhibitor 834:842 trypsin inhibitor 826:842 trypsin inhibitor 826:842 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 0 17 dep Helianthus 81:90 arg1 L. 102:103 Helianthus tuberosus L. 81:103 Helianthus tuberosus L. 81:103 Nutrients and natural toxic substances in commonly consumed Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) tuber. 28867090 1 18 theme insecticide 170:180 arg1 residues 182:189 insecticide residues 170:189 insecticide residues 170:189 This study determined nutrients, chemical contaminants, (insecticide residues and heavy metals), and natural toxic substances (nitrate, nitrite, cyanide, oxalate, phytate, and trypsin inhibitor) in tubers of Jerusalem artichokes-Kaentawan in the Thai language-grown in four major provinces in Thailand. 28867090 1 19 dep contaminants 155:166 arg1 residues 182:189 insecticide residues 170:189 insecticide residues 170:189 This study determined nutrients, chemical contaminants, (insecticide residues and heavy metals), and natural toxic substances (nitrate, nitrite, cyanide, oxalate, phytate, and trypsin inhibitor) in tubers of Jerusalem artichokes-Kaentawan in the Thai language-grown in four major provinces in Thailand. 28867090 1 19 dep contaminants 155:166 arg1 metals 201:206 heavy metals 195:206 heavy metals 195:206 This study determined nutrients, chemical contaminants, (insecticide residues and heavy metals), and natural toxic substances (nitrate, nitrite, cyanide, oxalate, phytate, and trypsin inhibitor) in tubers of Jerusalem artichokes-Kaentawan in the Thai language-grown in four major provinces in Thailand. 28867090 0 20 theme toxic 22:26 arg1 substances 28:37 natural toxic substances 14:37 natural toxic substances 14:37 Nutrients and natural toxic substances in commonly consumed Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) tuber. 28867090 5 21 theme food 1068:1071 arg1 databases 1085:1093 food composition databases 1068:1093 food composition databases 1068:1093 This study's data can be used for food composition databases and for safety consumption. 28867090 4 22 dep oxalate 971:977 arg1 14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW 992:1016 14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW 992:1016 14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW 992:1016 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 0 23 dep artichoke 70:78 arg1 Helianthus 81:90 Helianthus 81:90 Helianthus 81:90 Nutrients and natural toxic substances in commonly consumed Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) tuber. 28867090 1 24 from tubers 311:316 arg1 language-grown 364:377 the Thai language-grown 355:377 the Thai language-grown in four major provinces in Thailand 355:413 This study determined nutrients, chemical contaminants, (insecticide residues and heavy metals), and natural toxic substances (nitrate, nitrite, cyanide, oxalate, phytate, and trypsin inhibitor) in tubers of Jerusalem artichokes-Kaentawan in the Thai language-grown in four major provinces in Thailand. 28867090 5 25 theme composition 1073:1083 arg1 databases 1085:1093 food composition databases 1068:1093 food composition databases 1068:1093 This study's data can be used for food composition databases and for safety consumption. 28867090 2 26 theme standard 504:511 arg1 methods 513:519 standard methods 504:519 standard methods 504:519 They were purchased, prepared, homogenized, and freeze-dried for further analysis using standard methods. 28867090 1 27 theme artichokes-Kaentawan 331:350 arg1 tubers 311:316 tubers 311:316 tubers of Jerusalem artichokes-Kaentawan in the Thai language-grown in four major provinces in Thailand 311:413 This study determined nutrients, chemical contaminants, (insecticide residues and heavy metals), and natural toxic substances (nitrate, nitrite, cyanide, oxalate, phytate, and trypsin inhibitor) in tubers of Jerusalem artichokes-Kaentawan in the Thai language-grown in four major provinces in Thailand. 28867090 1 28 theme heavy 195:199 arg1 metals 201:206 heavy metals 195:206 heavy metals 195:206 This study determined nutrients, chemical contaminants, (insecticide residues and heavy metals), and natural toxic substances (nitrate, nitrite, cyanide, oxalate, phytate, and trypsin inhibitor) in tubers of Jerusalem artichokes-Kaentawan in the Thai language-grown in four major provinces in Thailand. 28867090 4 29 theme residues 788:795 arg1 amounts 765:771 very low amounts 756:771 very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), 756:954 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 4 29 theme residues 788:795 arg1 compounds 801:809 37 compounds 798:809 37 compounds 798:809 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 4 29 theme residues 788:795 arg1 cyanide 813:819 cyanide 813:819 cyanide 813:819 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 4 29 theme residues 788:795 arg1 residues 788:795 insecticide residues 776:795 insecticide residues (37 compounds) 776:810 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 4 29 theme residues 788:795 arg1 Pb 856:857 Pb 856:857 Pb 856:857 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 4 29 theme residues 788:795 arg1 inhibitor 834:842 trypsin inhibitor 826:842 trypsin inhibitor 826:842 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 3 30 dep potassium 676:684 arg1 339±61and0.32±0.05mg/100gFW 696:722 339±61and0.32±0.05mg/100gFW 696:722 339±61and0.32±0.05mg/100gFW 696:722 All Kaentawan samples contained considerable amounts of fructans and dietary fiber (15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW], respectively), as well as potassium and iron (339±61and0.32±0.05mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 4 31 theme insecticide 776:786 arg1 residues 788:795 insecticide residues 776:795 insecticide residues (37 compounds) 776:810 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 4 31 theme insecticide 776:786 arg1 compounds 801:809 37 compounds 798:809 37 compounds 798:809 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 0 32 theme consumed 51:58 arg1 Jerusalem 60:68 commonly consumed Jerusalem 42:68 commonly consumed Jerusalem 42:68 Nutrients and natural toxic substances in commonly consumed Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) tuber. 28867090 4 33 contain had 752:754 arg2 inhibitor 834:842 trypsin inhibitor 826:842 trypsin inhibitor 826:842 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 4 33 contain had 752:754 arg1 samples 744:750 All samples 740:750 All samples 740:750 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 4 33 contain had 752:754 arg2 Pb 856:857 Pb 856:857 Pb 856:857 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 4 33 contain had 752:754 arg2 amounts 765:771 very low amounts 756:771 very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), 756:954 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 4 33 contain had 752:754 arg2 compounds 801:809 37 compounds 798:809 37 compounds 798:809 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 4 33 contain had 752:754 arg2 residues 788:795 insecticide residues 776:795 insecticide residues (37 compounds) 776:810 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 4 33 contain had 752:754 arg2 cyanide 813:819 cyanide 813:819 cyanide 813:819 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 1 34 theme Thai 359:362 arg1 language-grown 364:377 the Thai language-grown 355:377 the Thai language-grown in four major provinces in Thailand 355:413 This study determined nutrients, chemical contaminants, (insecticide residues and heavy metals), and natural toxic substances (nitrate, nitrite, cyanide, oxalate, phytate, and trypsin inhibitor) in tubers of Jerusalem artichokes-Kaentawan in the Thai language-grown in four major provinces in Thailand. 28867090 3 35 theme considerable 554:565 arg1 amounts 567:573 considerable amounts 554:573 considerable amounts 554:573 All Kaentawan samples contained considerable amounts of fructans and dietary fiber (15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW], respectively), as well as potassium and iron (339±61and0.32±0.05mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 3 35 theme considerable 554:565 arg1 [FW 644:646 15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW 606:646 15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW 606:646 All Kaentawan samples contained considerable amounts of fructans and dietary fiber (15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW], respectively), as well as potassium and iron (339±61and0.32±0.05mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 3 35 theme considerable 554:565 arg1 fructans 578:585 fructans 578:585 fructans 578:585 All Kaentawan samples contained considerable amounts of fructans and dietary fiber (15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW], respectively), as well as potassium and iron (339±61and0.32±0.05mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 3 35 theme considerable 554:565 arg1 fiber 599:603 dietary fiber 591:603 dietary fiber (15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW] 591:647 All Kaentawan samples contained considerable amounts of fructans and dietary fiber (15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW], respectively), as well as potassium and iron (339±61and0.32±0.05mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 4 36 theme inhibitor 834:842 arg1 amounts 765:771 very low amounts 756:771 very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), 756:954 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 4 36 theme inhibitor 834:842 arg1 compounds 801:809 37 compounds 798:809 37 compounds 798:809 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 4 36 theme inhibitor 834:842 arg1 cyanide 813:819 cyanide 813:819 cyanide 813:819 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 4 36 theme inhibitor 834:842 arg1 residues 788:795 insecticide residues 776:795 insecticide residues (37 compounds) 776:810 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 4 36 theme inhibitor 834:842 arg1 Pb 856:857 Pb 856:857 Pb 856:857 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 4 36 theme inhibitor 834:842 arg1 inhibitor 834:842 trypsin inhibitor 826:842 trypsin inhibitor 826:842 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 4 37 dep 0.82±0.09 886:894 arg1 1.9-17.5 908:915 1.9-17.5 908:915 1.9-17.5 908:915 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 4 37 dep 0.82±0.09 886:894 arg1 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW 922:938 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW 922:938 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW 922:938 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 4 37 dep 0.82±0.09 886:894 arg1 0.10±0.02 897:905 0.10±0.02 897:905 0.10±0.02 897:905 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 4 38 theme low 761:763 arg1 amounts 765:771 very low amounts 756:771 very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), 756:954 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 4 38 theme low 761:763 arg1 compounds 801:809 37 compounds 798:809 37 compounds 798:809 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 4 38 theme low 761:763 arg1 cyanide 813:819 cyanide 813:819 cyanide 813:819 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 4 38 theme low 761:763 arg1 residues 788:795 insecticide residues 776:795 insecticide residues (37 compounds) 776:810 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 4 38 theme low 761:763 arg1 Pb 856:857 Pb 856:857 Pb 856:857 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 4 38 theme low 761:763 arg1 inhibitor 834:842 trypsin inhibitor 826:842 trypsin inhibitor 826:842 All samples had very low amounts of insecticide residues (37 compounds), cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor, as well as Pb, Cd, nitrate, and nitrite (0.82±0.09, 0.10±0.02, 1.9-17.5, and 0.01-0.24mgkg-1FW, respectively), in addition to oxalate and phytate (14±9and0.17±0.02mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 3 39 theme dietary 591:597 arg1 [FW 644:646 15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW 606:646 15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW 606:646 All Kaentawan samples contained considerable amounts of fructans and dietary fiber (15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW], respectively), as well as potassium and iron (339±61and0.32±0.05mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 3 39 theme dietary 591:597 arg1 fiber 599:603 dietary fiber 591:603 dietary fiber (15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW] 591:647 All Kaentawan samples contained considerable amounts of fructans and dietary fiber (15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW], respectively), as well as potassium and iron (339±61and0.32±0.05mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 1 40 dep substances 228:237 arg1 phytate 276:282 phytate 276:282 phytate 276:282 This study determined nutrients, chemical contaminants, (insecticide residues and heavy metals), and natural toxic substances (nitrate, nitrite, cyanide, oxalate, phytate, and trypsin inhibitor) in tubers of Jerusalem artichokes-Kaentawan in the Thai language-grown in four major provinces in Thailand. 28867090 1 40 dep substances 228:237 arg1 nitrite 249:255 nitrite 249:255 nitrite 249:255 This study determined nutrients, chemical contaminants, (insecticide residues and heavy metals), and natural toxic substances (nitrate, nitrite, cyanide, oxalate, phytate, and trypsin inhibitor) in tubers of Jerusalem artichokes-Kaentawan in the Thai language-grown in four major provinces in Thailand. 28867090 1 40 dep substances 228:237 arg1 cyanide 258:264 cyanide 258:264 cyanide 258:264 This study determined nutrients, chemical contaminants, (insecticide residues and heavy metals), and natural toxic substances (nitrate, nitrite, cyanide, oxalate, phytate, and trypsin inhibitor) in tubers of Jerusalem artichokes-Kaentawan in the Thai language-grown in four major provinces in Thailand. 28867090 1 40 dep substances 228:237 arg1 substances 228:237 natural toxic substances 214:237 natural toxic substances (nitrate, nitrite, cyanide, oxalate, phytate, and trypsin inhibitor) 214:306 This study determined nutrients, chemical contaminants, (insecticide residues and heavy metals), and natural toxic substances (nitrate, nitrite, cyanide, oxalate, phytate, and trypsin inhibitor) in tubers of Jerusalem artichokes-Kaentawan in the Thai language-grown in four major provinces in Thailand. 28867090 1 40 dep substances 228:237 arg1 inhibitor 297:305 trypsin inhibitor 289:305 trypsin inhibitor 289:305 This study determined nutrients, chemical contaminants, (insecticide residues and heavy metals), and natural toxic substances (nitrate, nitrite, cyanide, oxalate, phytate, and trypsin inhibitor) in tubers of Jerusalem artichokes-Kaentawan in the Thai language-grown in four major provinces in Thailand. 28867090 1 40 dep substances 228:237 arg1 nitrate 240:246 nitrate 240:246 nitrate 240:246 This study determined nutrients, chemical contaminants, (insecticide residues and heavy metals), and natural toxic substances (nitrate, nitrite, cyanide, oxalate, phytate, and trypsin inhibitor) in tubers of Jerusalem artichokes-Kaentawan in the Thai language-grown in four major provinces in Thailand. 28867090 1 40 dep substances 228:237 arg1 oxalate 267:273 oxalate 267:273 oxalate 267:273 This study determined nutrients, chemical contaminants, (insecticide residues and heavy metals), and natural toxic substances (nitrate, nitrite, cyanide, oxalate, phytate, and trypsin inhibitor) in tubers of Jerusalem artichokes-Kaentawan in the Thai language-grown in four major provinces in Thailand. 28867090 3 41 theme fiber 599:603 arg1 amounts 567:573 considerable amounts 554:573 considerable amounts 554:573 All Kaentawan samples contained considerable amounts of fructans and dietary fiber (15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW], respectively), as well as potassium and iron (339±61and0.32±0.05mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 3 41 theme fiber 599:603 arg1 iron 690:693 iron 690:693 iron 690:693 All Kaentawan samples contained considerable amounts of fructans and dietary fiber (15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW], respectively), as well as potassium and iron (339±61and0.32±0.05mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 3 41 theme fiber 599:603 arg1 [FW 644:646 15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW 606:646 15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW 606:646 All Kaentawan samples contained considerable amounts of fructans and dietary fiber (15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW], respectively), as well as potassium and iron (339±61and0.32±0.05mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 3 41 theme fiber 599:603 arg1 fructans 578:585 fructans 578:585 fructans 578:585 All Kaentawan samples contained considerable amounts of fructans and dietary fiber (15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW], respectively), as well as potassium and iron (339±61and0.32±0.05mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 3 41 theme fiber 599:603 arg1 fiber 599:603 dietary fiber 591:603 dietary fiber (15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW] 591:647 All Kaentawan samples contained considerable amounts of fructans and dietary fiber (15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW], respectively), as well as potassium and iron (339±61and0.32±0.05mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 3 41 theme fiber 599:603 arg1 potassium 676:684 potassium 676:684 potassium 676:684 All Kaentawan samples contained considerable amounts of fructans and dietary fiber (15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW], respectively), as well as potassium and iron (339±61and0.32±0.05mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 5 42 used used 1059:1062 arg2 data 1047:1050 This study's data 1034:1050 This study's data 1034:1050 This study's data can be used for food composition databases and for safety consumption. 28867090 1 43 theme major 387:391 arg1 provinces 393:401 four major provinces 382:401 four major provinces in Thailand 382:413 This study determined nutrients, chemical contaminants, (insecticide residues and heavy metals), and natural toxic substances (nitrate, nitrite, cyanide, oxalate, phytate, and trypsin inhibitor) in tubers of Jerusalem artichokes-Kaentawan in the Thai language-grown in four major provinces in Thailand. 28867090 3 44 theme fructans 578:585 arg1 amounts 567:573 considerable amounts 554:573 considerable amounts 554:573 All Kaentawan samples contained considerable amounts of fructans and dietary fiber (15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW], respectively), as well as potassium and iron (339±61and0.32±0.05mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 3 44 theme fructans 578:585 arg1 iron 690:693 iron 690:693 iron 690:693 All Kaentawan samples contained considerable amounts of fructans and dietary fiber (15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW], respectively), as well as potassium and iron (339±61and0.32±0.05mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 3 44 theme fructans 578:585 arg1 [FW 644:646 15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW 606:646 15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW 606:646 All Kaentawan samples contained considerable amounts of fructans and dietary fiber (15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW], respectively), as well as potassium and iron (339±61and0.32±0.05mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 3 44 theme fructans 578:585 arg1 fructans 578:585 fructans 578:585 fructans 578:585 All Kaentawan samples contained considerable amounts of fructans and dietary fiber (15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW], respectively), as well as potassium and iron (339±61and0.32±0.05mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 3 44 theme fructans 578:585 arg1 fiber 599:603 dietary fiber 591:603 dietary fiber (15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW] 591:647 All Kaentawan samples contained considerable amounts of fructans and dietary fiber (15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW], respectively), as well as potassium and iron (339±61and0.32±0.05mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 3 44 theme fructans 578:585 arg1 potassium 676:684 potassium 676:684 potassium 676:684 All Kaentawan samples contained considerable amounts of fructans and dietary fiber (15.4±0.2gand3.2±0.8g/100gfresh weight [FW], respectively), as well as potassium and iron (339±61and0.32±0.05mg/100gFW, respectively). 28867090 1 45 theme natural 214:220 arg1 phytate 276:282 phytate 276:282 phytate 276:282 This study determined nutrients, chemical contaminants, (insecticide residues and heavy metals), and natural toxic substances (nitrate, nitrite, cyanide, oxalate, phytate, and trypsin inhibitor) in tubers of Jerusalem artichokes-Kaentawan in the Thai language-grown in four major provinces in Thailand. 28867090 1 45 theme natural 214:220 arg1 nitrite 249:255 nitrite 249:255 nitrite 249:255 This study determined nutrients, chemical contaminants, (insecticide residues and heavy metals), and natural toxic substances (nitrate, nitrite, cyanide, oxalate, phytate, and trypsin inhibitor) in tubers of Jerusalem artichokes-Kaentawan in the Thai language-grown in four major provinces in Thailand. 28867090 1 45 theme natural 214:220 arg1 cyanide 258:264 cyanide 258:264 cyanide 258:264 This study determined nutrients, chemical contaminants, (insecticide residues and heavy metals), and natural toxic substances (nitrate, nitrite, cyanide, oxalate, phytate, and trypsin inhibitor) in tubers of Jerusalem artichokes-Kaentawan in the Thai language-grown in four major provinces in Thailand. 28867090 1 45 theme natural 214:220 arg1 substances 228:237 natural toxic substances 214:237 natural toxic substances (nitrate, nitrite, cyanide, oxalate, phytate, and trypsin inhibitor) 214:306 This study determined nutrients, chemical contaminants, (insecticide residues and heavy metals), and natural toxic substances (nitrate, nitrite, cyanide, oxalate, phytate, and trypsin inhibitor) in tubers of Jerusalem artichokes-Kaentawan in the Thai language-grown in four major provinces in Thailand. 28867090 1 45 theme natural 214:220 arg1 inhibitor 297:305 trypsin inhibitor 289:305 trypsin inhibitor 289:305 This study determined nutrients, chemical contaminants, (insecticide residues and heavy metals), and natural toxic substances (nitrate, nitrite, cyanide, oxalate, phytate, and trypsin inhibitor) in tubers of Jerusalem artichokes-Kaentawan in the Thai language-grown in four major provinces in Thailand. 28867090 1 45 theme natural 214:220 arg1 nitrate 240:246 nitrate 240:246 nitrate 240:246 This study determined nutrients, chemical contaminants, (insecticide residues and heavy metals), and natural toxic substances (nitrate, nitrite, cyanide, oxalate, phytate, and trypsin inhibitor) in tubers of Jerusalem artichokes-Kaentawan in the Thai language-grown in four major provinces in Thailand. 28867090 1 45 theme natural 214:220 arg1 oxalate 267:273 oxalate 267:273 oxalate 267:273 This study determined nutrients, chemical contaminants, (insecticide residues and heavy metals), and natural toxic substances (nitrate, nitrite, cyanide, oxalate, phytate, and trypsin inhibitor) in tubers of Jerusalem artichokes-Kaentawan in the Thai language-grown in four major provinces in Thailand. 28867090 0 46 theme natural 14:20 arg1 substances 28:37 natural toxic substances 14:37 natural toxic substances 14:37 Nutrients and natural toxic substances in commonly consumed Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) tuber. 28867090 1 47 theme toxic 222:226 arg1 phytate 276:282 phytate 276:282 phytate 276:282 This study determined nutrients, chemical contaminants, (insecticide residues and heavy metals), and natural toxic substances (nitrate, nitrite, cyanide, oxalate, phytate, and trypsin inhibitor) in tubers of Jerusalem artichokes-Kaentawan in the Thai language-grown in four major provinces in Thailand. 28867090 1 47 theme toxic 222:226 arg1 nitrite 249:255 nitrite 249:255 nitrite 249:255 This study determined nutrients, chemical contaminants, (insecticide residues and heavy metals), and natural toxic substances (nitrate, nitrite, cyanide, oxalate, phytate, and trypsin inhibitor) in tubers of Jerusalem artichokes-Kaentawan in the Thai language-grown in four major provinces in Thailand. 28867090 1 47 theme toxic 222:226 arg1 cyanide 258:264 cyanide 258:264 cyanide 258:264 This study determined nutrients, chemical contaminants, (insecticide residues and heavy metals), and natural toxic substances (nitrate, nitrite, cyanide, oxalate, phytate, and trypsin inhibitor) in tubers of Jerusalem artichokes-Kaentawan in the Thai language-grown in four major provinces in Thailand. 28867090 1 47 theme toxic 222:226 arg1 substances 228:237 natural toxic substances 214:237 natural toxic substances (nitrate, nitrite, cyanide, oxalate, phytate, and trypsin inhibitor) 214:306 This study determined nutrients, chemical contaminants, (insecticide residues and heavy metals), and natural toxic substances (nitrate, nitrite, cyanide, oxalate, phytate, and trypsin inhibitor) in tubers of Jerusalem artichokes-Kaentawan in the Thai language-grown in four major provinces in Thailand. 28867090 1 47 theme toxic 222:226 arg1 inhibitor 297:305 trypsin inhibitor 289:305 trypsin inhibitor 289:305 This study determined nutrients, chemical contaminants, (insecticide residues and heavy metals), and natural toxic substances (nitrate, nitrite, cyanide, oxalate, phytate, and trypsin inhibitor) in tubers of Jerusalem artichokes-Kaentawan in the Thai language-grown in four major provinces in Thailand. 28867090 1 47 theme toxic 222:226 arg1 nitrate 240:246 nitrate 240:246 nitrate 240:246 This study determined nutrients, chemical contaminants, (insecticide residues and heavy metals), and natural toxic substances (nitrate, nitrite, cyanide, oxalate, phytate, and trypsin inhibitor) in tubers of Jerusalem artichokes-Kaentawan in the Thai language-grown in four major provinces in Thailand. 28867090 1 47 theme toxic 222:226 arg1 oxalate 267:273 oxalate 267:273 oxalate 267:273 This study determined nutrients, chemical contaminants, (insecticide residues and heavy metals), and natural toxic substances (nitrate, nitrite, cyanide, oxalate, phytate, and trypsin inhibitor) in tubers of Jerusalem artichokes-Kaentawan in the Thai language-grown in four major provinces in Thailand. 28534395 5 0 theme mammalian 819:827 arg1 cells 829:833 mammalian cells 819:833 mammalian cells 819:833 The HAase-triggered AgNPs releasing approach for antibacterial allows AgNPs to be protected by hyaluronic acid (HA) template without affecting mammalian cells. 28534395 5 1 theme releasing 702:710 arg1 approach 712:719 The HAase-triggered AgNPs releasing approach 676:719 The HAase-triggered AgNPs releasing approach for antibacterial 676:737 The HAase-triggered AgNPs releasing approach for antibacterial allows AgNPs to be protected by hyaluronic acid (HA) template without affecting mammalian cells. 28534395 7 2 dep in 995:996 arg1 vivo 998:1001 vivo 998:1001 vivo 998:1001 In addition, the GO-HA-AgNPs are prepared for in vivo experiments and show excellent antibacterial property in wound disinfection model. 28534395 0 3 theme Bacteria 96:103 arg1 Therapy 85:91 Synergistic Therapy 73:91 Synergistic Therapy of Bacteria 73:103 Hyaluronic Acid-Templated Ag Nanoparticles/Graphene Oxide Composites for Synergistic Therapy of Bacteria Infection. 28534395 4 4 theme NIR 565:567 arg1 light 569:573 NIR light 565:573 NIR light 565:573 Upon illumination of NIR light, the GO-based nanomaterials locally raised the temperature, resulting in high mortality of bacteria. 28534395 7 5 theme excellent 1024:1032 arg1 property 1048:1055 excellent antibacterial property 1024:1055 excellent antibacterial property 1024:1055 In addition, the GO-HA-AgNPs are prepared for in vivo experiments and show excellent antibacterial property in wound disinfection model. 28534395 2 6 theme graphene 390:397 arg1 oxide 399:403 graphene oxide 390:403 graphene oxide (GO) 390:408 We demonstrated a hyaluronidase-triggered photothermal platform for killing bacteria based on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and graphene oxide (GO). 28534395 7 7 theme antibacterial 1034:1046 arg1 property 1048:1055 excellent antibacterial property 1024:1055 excellent antibacterial property 1024:1055 In addition, the GO-HA-AgNPs are prepared for in vivo experiments and show excellent antibacterial property in wound disinfection model. 28534395 2 8 dep oxide 399:403 arg1 GO 406:407 GO 406:407 GO 406:407 We demonstrated a hyaluronidase-triggered photothermal platform for killing bacteria based on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and graphene oxide (GO). 28534395 2 9 theme killing 331:337 arg1 bacteria 339:346 killing bacteria 331:346 killing bacteria based on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and graphene oxide (GO) 331:408 We demonstrated a hyaluronidase-triggered photothermal platform for killing bacteria based on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and graphene oxide (GO). 28534395 6 10 theme antibacterial 864:876 arg1 activity 878:885 antibacterial activity 864:885 antibacterial activity against S. aureus 864:903 The nanocomposites provided antibacterial activity against S. aureus while showing low toxicity to mammal cells. 28534395 1 11 theme antibacterial 185:197 arg1 efficiency 199:208 the antibacterial efficiency 181:208 the antibacterial efficiency 181:208 Developing methods of decreasing the harm to cell and increasing the antibacterial efficiency is becoming a potential topic of medical treatments. 28534395 4 12 theme high 648:651 arg1 mortality 653:661 high mortality 648:661 high mortality of bacteria 648:673 Upon illumination of NIR light, the GO-based nanomaterials locally raised the temperature, resulting in high mortality of bacteria. 28534395 3 13 theme release 463:469 arg1 property 415:422 The property 411:422 The property of the hyaluronidase (HAase)-triggered release 411:469 The property of the hyaluronidase (HAase)-triggered release provided excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. 28534395 0 14 theme Acid-Templated 11:24 arg1 Composites 58:67 Hyaluronic Acid-Templated Ag Nanoparticles/Graphene Oxide Composites 0:67 Hyaluronic Acid-Templated Ag Nanoparticles/Graphene Oxide Composites for Synergistic Therapy of Bacteria 0:103 Hyaluronic Acid-Templated Ag Nanoparticles/Graphene Oxide Composites for Synergistic Therapy of Bacteria Infection. 28534395 5 15 theme HAase-triggered 680:694 arg1 approach 712:719 The HAase-triggered AgNPs releasing approach 676:719 The HAase-triggered AgNPs releasing approach for antibacterial 676:737 The HAase-triggered AgNPs releasing approach for antibacterial allows AgNPs to be protected by hyaluronic acid (HA) template without affecting mammalian cells. 28534395 0 16 dep Infection 105:113 arg1 Composites 58:67 Hyaluronic Acid-Templated Ag Nanoparticles/Graphene Oxide Composites 0:67 Hyaluronic Acid-Templated Ag Nanoparticles/Graphene Oxide Composites for Synergistic Therapy of Bacteria 0:103 Hyaluronic Acid-Templated Ag Nanoparticles/Graphene Oxide Composites for Synergistic Therapy of Bacteria Infection. 28534395 0 17 theme Hyaluronic 0:9 arg1 Composites 58:67 Hyaluronic Acid-Templated Ag Nanoparticles/Graphene Oxide Composites 0:67 Hyaluronic Acid-Templated Ag Nanoparticles/Graphene Oxide Composites for Synergistic Therapy of Bacteria 0:103 Hyaluronic Acid-Templated Ag Nanoparticles/Graphene Oxide Composites for Synergistic Therapy of Bacteria Infection. 28534395 5 18 theme AgNPs 696:700 arg1 approach 712:719 The HAase-triggered AgNPs releasing approach 676:719 The HAase-triggered AgNPs releasing approach for antibacterial 676:737 The HAase-triggered AgNPs releasing approach for antibacterial allows AgNPs to be protected by hyaluronic acid (HA) template without affecting mammalian cells. 28534395 2 19 theme silver 357:362 arg1 AgNPs 379:383 AgNPs 379:383 AgNPs 379:383 We demonstrated a hyaluronidase-triggered photothermal platform for killing bacteria based on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and graphene oxide (GO). 28534395 2 19 theme silver 357:362 arg1 nanoparticles 364:376 silver nanoparticles 357:376 silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) 357:384 We demonstrated a hyaluronidase-triggered photothermal platform for killing bacteria based on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and graphene oxide (GO). 28534395 0 20 theme Nanoparticles/Graphene 29:50 arg1 Composites 58:67 Hyaluronic Acid-Templated Ag Nanoparticles/Graphene Oxide Composites 0:67 Hyaluronic Acid-Templated Ag Nanoparticles/Graphene Oxide Composites for Synergistic Therapy of Bacteria 0:103 Hyaluronic Acid-Templated Ag Nanoparticles/Graphene Oxide Composites for Synergistic Therapy of Bacteria Infection. 28534395 7 21 theme in 995:996 arg1 experiments 1003:1013 in vivo experiments 995:1013 in vivo experiments 995:1013 In addition, the GO-HA-AgNPs are prepared for in vivo experiments and show excellent antibacterial property in wound disinfection model. 28534395 3 22 theme antibacterial 490:502 arg1 activity 504:511 excellent antibacterial activity 480:511 excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus 480:541 The property of the hyaluronidase (HAase)-triggered release provided excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. 28534395 0 23 theme Ag 26:27 arg1 Composites 58:67 Hyaluronic Acid-Templated Ag Nanoparticles/Graphene Oxide Composites 0:67 Hyaluronic Acid-Templated Ag Nanoparticles/Graphene Oxide Composites for Synergistic Therapy of Bacteria 0:103 Hyaluronic Acid-Templated Ag Nanoparticles/Graphene Oxide Composites for Synergistic Therapy of Bacteria Infection. 28534395 1 24 theme potential 224:232 arg1 topic 234:238 a potential topic 222:238 a potential topic of medical treatments 222:260 Developing methods of decreasing the harm to cell and increasing the antibacterial efficiency is becoming a potential topic of medical treatments. 28534395 5 25 theme hyaluronic 771:780 arg1 HA 788:789 HA 788:789 HA 788:789 The HAase-triggered AgNPs releasing approach for antibacterial allows AgNPs to be protected by hyaluronic acid (HA) template without affecting mammalian cells. 28534395 5 25 theme hyaluronic 771:780 arg1 acid 782:785 hyaluronic acid 771:785 hyaluronic acid (HA) template 771:799 The HAase-triggered AgNPs releasing approach for antibacterial allows AgNPs to be protected by hyaluronic acid (HA) template without affecting mammalian cells. 28534395 6 26 theme mammal 935:940 arg1 cells 942:946 mammal cells 935:946 mammal cells 935:946 The nanocomposites provided antibacterial activity against S. aureus while showing low toxicity to mammal cells. 28534395 0 27 theme Oxide 52:56 arg1 Composites 58:67 Hyaluronic Acid-Templated Ag Nanoparticles/Graphene Oxide Composites 0:67 Hyaluronic Acid-Templated Ag Nanoparticles/Graphene Oxide Composites for Synergistic Therapy of Bacteria 0:103 Hyaluronic Acid-Templated Ag Nanoparticles/Graphene Oxide Composites for Synergistic Therapy of Bacteria Infection. 28534395 5 28 theme acid 782:785 arg1 template 792:799 hyaluronic acid (HA) template 771:799 hyaluronic acid (HA) template 771:799 The HAase-triggered AgNPs releasing approach for antibacterial allows AgNPs to be protected by hyaluronic acid (HA) template without affecting mammalian cells. 28534395 3 29 theme excellent 480:488 arg1 activity 504:511 excellent antibacterial activity 480:511 excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus 480:541 The property of the hyaluronidase (HAase)-triggered release provided excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. 28534395 0 30 theme Synergistic 73:83 arg1 Therapy 85:91 Synergistic Therapy 73:91 Synergistic Therapy of Bacteria 73:103 Hyaluronic Acid-Templated Ag Nanoparticles/Graphene Oxide Composites for Synergistic Therapy of Bacteria Infection. 28534395 4 31 theme light 569:573 arg1 illumination 549:560 illumination 549:560 illumination of NIR light 549:573 Upon illumination of NIR light, the GO-based nanomaterials locally raised the temperature, resulting in high mortality of bacteria. 28534395 3 32 theme -triggered 452:461 arg1 release 463:469 the hyaluronidase (HAase)-triggered release 427:469 the hyaluronidase (HAase)-triggered release 427:469 The property of the hyaluronidase (HAase)-triggered release provided excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. 28534395 4 33 theme GO-based 580:587 arg1 nanomaterials 589:601 the GO-based nanomaterials 576:601 the GO-based nanomaterials 576:601 Upon illumination of NIR light, the GO-based nanomaterials locally raised the temperature, resulting in high mortality of bacteria. 28534395 6 34 theme low 919:921 arg1 toxicity 923:930 low toxicity 919:930 low toxicity 919:930 The nanocomposites provided antibacterial activity against S. aureus while showing low toxicity to mammal cells. 28534395 2 35 theme photothermal 305:316 arg1 platform 318:325 a hyaluronidase-triggered photothermal platform 279:325 a hyaluronidase-triggered photothermal platform for killing bacteria based on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and graphene oxide (GO) 279:408 We demonstrated a hyaluronidase-triggered photothermal platform for killing bacteria based on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and graphene oxide (GO). 28534395 1 36 theme medical 243:249 arg1 treatments 251:260 medical treatments 243:260 medical treatments 243:260 Developing methods of decreasing the harm to cell and increasing the antibacterial efficiency is becoming a potential topic of medical treatments. 28534395 2 37 theme hyaluronidase-triggered 281:303 arg1 platform 318:325 a hyaluronidase-triggered photothermal platform 279:325 a hyaluronidase-triggered photothermal platform for killing bacteria based on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and graphene oxide (GO) 279:408 We demonstrated a hyaluronidase-triggered photothermal platform for killing bacteria based on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and graphene oxide (GO). 28534395 7 38 theme wound 1060:1064 arg1 model 1079:1083 wound disinfection model 1060:1083 wound disinfection model 1060:1083 In addition, the GO-HA-AgNPs are prepared for in vivo experiments and show excellent antibacterial property in wound disinfection model. 28534395 1 39 theme treatments 251:260 arg1 topic 234:238 a potential topic 222:238 a potential topic of medical treatments 222:260 Developing methods of decreasing the harm to cell and increasing the antibacterial efficiency is becoming a potential topic of medical treatments. 28534395 7 40 theme disinfection 1066:1077 arg1 model 1079:1083 wound disinfection model 1060:1083 wound disinfection model 1060:1083 In addition, the GO-HA-AgNPs are prepared for in vivo experiments and show excellent antibacterial property in wound disinfection model. 28534395 4 41 theme bacteria 666:673 arg1 mortality 653:661 high mortality 648:661 high mortality of bacteria 648:673 Upon illumination of NIR light, the GO-based nanomaterials locally raised the temperature, resulting in high mortality of bacteria. 25968048 1 0 theme CS/HA 200:204 arg1 composite 207:215 a macroporous three-dimensional chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) composite 143:215 a macroporous three-dimensional chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) composite 143:215 This study evaluates the suitability of a macroporous three-dimensional chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) composite as a bone tissue engineering scaffold using MC3T3-E1 cells. 25968048 4 1 theme rat 629:631 arg1 model 633:637 an ectopic Wistar rat model 611:637 an ectopic Wistar rat model 611:637 Tissue biocompatibility and osteogenic capacity of the cell-laden constructs were evaluated in an ectopic Wistar rat model. 25968048 5 2 theme In 640:641 arg1 results 648:654 In vivo results 640:654 In vivo results 640:654 In vivo results showed that the MC3T3-E1 cell-laden CS/HA was essentially histocompatible, promoted neovascularization and calcified matrix formation, and secreted osteoblast-specific protein. 25968048 4 3 theme Wistar 622:627 arg1 model 633:637 an ectopic Wistar rat model 611:637 an ectopic Wistar rat model 611:637 Tissue biocompatibility and osteogenic capacity of the cell-laden constructs were evaluated in an ectopic Wistar rat model. 25968048 3 4 theme In 371:372 arg1 findings 380:387 In vitro findings 371:387 In vitro findings 371:387 In vitro findings demonstrated that CS/HA supported attachment and proliferation of cells, and stimulated extracellular matrix (ECM) production. 25968048 1 5 theme composite 207:215 arg1 scaffold 246:253 a bone tissue engineering scaffold 220:253 a bone tissue engineering scaffold using MC3T3-E1 cells 220:274 This study evaluates the suitability of a macroporous three-dimensional chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) composite as a bone tissue engineering scaffold using MC3T3-E1 cells. 25968048 1 5 theme composite 207:215 arg1 suitability 128:138 the suitability 124:138 the suitability of a macroporous three-dimensional chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) composite 124:215 This study evaluates the suitability of a macroporous three-dimensional chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) composite as a bone tissue engineering scaffold using MC3T3-E1 cells. 25968048 3 6 theme extracellular 477:489 arg1 ECM 499:501 ECM 499:501 ECM 499:501 In vitro findings demonstrated that CS/HA supported attachment and proliferation of cells, and stimulated extracellular matrix (ECM) production. 25968048 3 6 theme extracellular 477:489 arg1 matrix 491:496 extracellular matrix 477:496 extracellular matrix (ECM) production 477:513 In vitro findings demonstrated that CS/HA supported attachment and proliferation of cells, and stimulated extracellular matrix (ECM) production. 25968048 0 7 theme osteogenic 8:17 arg1 formation 26:34 Ectopic osteogenic tissue formation 0:34 Ectopic osteogenic tissue formation by MC3T3-E1 cell-laden 0:57 Ectopic osteogenic tissue formation by MC3T3-E1 cell-laden chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite scaffold. 25968048 4 8 theme Tissue 516:521 arg1 biocompatibility 523:538 Tissue biocompatibility 516:538 Tissue biocompatibility 516:538 Tissue biocompatibility and osteogenic capacity of the cell-laden constructs were evaluated in an ectopic Wistar rat model. 25968048 5 9 theme MC3T3-E1 672:679 arg1 CS/HA 692:696 the MC3T3-E1 cell-laden CS/HA 668:696 the MC3T3-E1 cell-laden CS/HA 668:696 In vivo results showed that the MC3T3-E1 cell-laden CS/HA was essentially histocompatible, promoted neovascularization and calcified matrix formation, and secreted osteoblast-specific protein. 25968048 5 9 theme MC3T3-E1 672:679 arg1 histocompatible 714:728 histocompatible 714:728 histocompatible 714:728 In vivo results showed that the MC3T3-E1 cell-laden CS/HA was essentially histocompatible, promoted neovascularization and calcified matrix formation, and secreted osteoblast-specific protein. 25968048 6 10 from applications 901:912 arg1 regeneration 922:933 bone regeneration 917:933 bone regeneration 917:933 We conclude that the composite scaffold evaluated has potential for applications in bone regeneration. 25968048 0 11 theme Ectopic 0:6 arg1 formation 26:34 Ectopic osteogenic tissue formation 0:34 Ectopic osteogenic tissue formation by MC3T3-E1 cell-laden 0:57 Ectopic osteogenic tissue formation by MC3T3-E1 cell-laden chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite scaffold. 25968048 5 12 theme cell-laden 681:690 arg1 CS/HA 692:696 the MC3T3-E1 cell-laden CS/HA 668:696 the MC3T3-E1 cell-laden CS/HA 668:696 In vivo results showed that the MC3T3-E1 cell-laden CS/HA was essentially histocompatible, promoted neovascularization and calcified matrix formation, and secreted osteoblast-specific protein. 25968048 5 12 theme cell-laden 681:690 arg1 histocompatible 714:728 histocompatible 714:728 histocompatible 714:728 In vivo results showed that the MC3T3-E1 cell-laden CS/HA was essentially histocompatible, promoted neovascularization and calcified matrix formation, and secreted osteoblast-specific protein. 25968048 6 13 theme composite 854:862 arg1 scaffold 864:871 the composite scaffold 850:871 the composite scaffold evaluated 850:881 We conclude that the composite scaffold evaluated has potential for applications in bone regeneration. 25968048 1 14 theme bone 222:225 arg1 scaffold 246:253 a bone tissue engineering scaffold 220:253 a bone tissue engineering scaffold using MC3T3-E1 cells 220:274 This study evaluates the suitability of a macroporous three-dimensional chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) composite as a bone tissue engineering scaffold using MC3T3-E1 cells. 25968048 1 14 theme bone 222:225 arg1 suitability 128:138 the suitability 124:138 the suitability of a macroporous three-dimensional chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) composite 124:215 This study evaluates the suitability of a macroporous three-dimensional chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) composite as a bone tissue engineering scaffold using MC3T3-E1 cells. 25968048 5 15 theme calcified 763:771 arg1 formation 780:788 calcified matrix formation 763:788 calcified matrix formation 763:788 In vivo results showed that the MC3T3-E1 cell-laden CS/HA was essentially histocompatible, promoted neovascularization and calcified matrix formation, and secreted osteoblast-specific protein. 25968048 1 16 theme tissue 227:232 arg1 scaffold 246:253 a bone tissue engineering scaffold 220:253 a bone tissue engineering scaffold using MC3T3-E1 cells 220:274 This study evaluates the suitability of a macroporous three-dimensional chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) composite as a bone tissue engineering scaffold using MC3T3-E1 cells. 25968048 1 16 theme tissue 227:232 arg1 suitability 128:138 the suitability 124:138 the suitability of a macroporous three-dimensional chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) composite 124:215 This study evaluates the suitability of a macroporous three-dimensional chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) composite as a bone tissue engineering scaffold using MC3T3-E1 cells. 25968048 0 17 theme tissue 19:24 arg1 formation 26:34 Ectopic osteogenic tissue formation 0:34 Ectopic osteogenic tissue formation by MC3T3-E1 cell-laden 0:57 Ectopic osteogenic tissue formation by MC3T3-E1 cell-laden chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite scaffold. 25968048 4 18 theme ectopic 614:620 arg1 model 633:637 an ectopic Wistar rat model 611:637 an ectopic Wistar rat model 611:637 Tissue biocompatibility and osteogenic capacity of the cell-laden constructs were evaluated in an ectopic Wistar rat model. 25968048 5 19 theme matrix 773:778 arg1 formation 780:788 calcified matrix formation 763:788 calcified matrix formation 763:788 In vivo results showed that the MC3T3-E1 cell-laden CS/HA was essentially histocompatible, promoted neovascularization and calcified matrix formation, and secreted osteoblast-specific protein. 25968048 1 20 theme engineering 234:244 arg1 scaffold 246:253 a bone tissue engineering scaffold 220:253 a bone tissue engineering scaffold using MC3T3-E1 cells 220:274 This study evaluates the suitability of a macroporous three-dimensional chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) composite as a bone tissue engineering scaffold using MC3T3-E1 cells. 25968048 1 20 theme engineering 234:244 arg1 suitability 128:138 the suitability 124:138 the suitability of a macroporous three-dimensional chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) composite 124:215 This study evaluates the suitability of a macroporous three-dimensional chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) composite as a bone tissue engineering scaffold using MC3T3-E1 cells. 25968048 0 21 theme MC3T3-E1 39:46 arg1 cell-laden 48:57 MC3T3-E1 cell-laden 39:57 MC3T3-E1 cell-laden 39:57 Ectopic osteogenic tissue formation by MC3T3-E1 cell-laden chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite scaffold. 25968048 3 22 theme matrix 491:496 arg1 production 504:513 extracellular matrix (ECM) production 477:513 extracellular matrix (ECM) production 477:513 In vitro findings demonstrated that CS/HA supported attachment and proliferation of cells, and stimulated extracellular matrix (ECM) production. 25968048 3 23 theme cells 455:459 arg1 proliferation 438:450 proliferation 438:450 proliferation 438:450 In vitro findings demonstrated that CS/HA supported attachment and proliferation of cells, and stimulated extracellular matrix (ECM) production. 25968048 3 23 theme cells 455:459 arg1 attachment 423:432 attachment 423:432 attachment 423:432 In vitro findings demonstrated that CS/HA supported attachment and proliferation of cells, and stimulated extracellular matrix (ECM) production. 25968048 4 24 theme cell-laden 571:580 arg1 constructs 582:591 the cell-laden constructs 567:591 the cell-laden constructs 567:591 Tissue biocompatibility and osteogenic capacity of the cell-laden constructs were evaluated in an ectopic Wistar rat model. 25968048 3 25 dep In 371:372 arg1 vitro 374:378 vitro 374:378 vitro 374:378 In vitro findings demonstrated that CS/HA supported attachment and proliferation of cells, and stimulated extracellular matrix (ECM) production. 25968048 4 26 theme constructs 582:591 arg1 biocompatibility 523:538 Tissue biocompatibility 516:538 Tissue biocompatibility 516:538 Tissue biocompatibility and osteogenic capacity of the cell-laden constructs were evaluated in an ectopic Wistar rat model. 25968048 4 26 theme constructs 582:591 arg1 capacity 555:562 osteogenic capacity 544:562 osteogenic capacity 544:562 Tissue biocompatibility and osteogenic capacity of the cell-laden constructs were evaluated in an ectopic Wistar rat model. 25968048 1 27 theme macroporous 145:155 arg1 composite 207:215 a macroporous three-dimensional chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) composite 143:215 a macroporous three-dimensional chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) composite 143:215 This study evaluates the suitability of a macroporous three-dimensional chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) composite as a bone tissue engineering scaffold using MC3T3-E1 cells. 25968048 1 28 theme MC3T3-E1 261:268 arg1 cells 270:274 MC3T3-E1 cells 261:274 MC3T3-E1 cells 261:274 This study evaluates the suitability of a macroporous three-dimensional chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) composite as a bone tissue engineering scaffold using MC3T3-E1 cells. 25968048 6 29 theme bone 917:920 arg1 regeneration 922:933 bone regeneration 917:933 bone regeneration 917:933 We conclude that the composite scaffold evaluated has potential for applications in bone regeneration. 25968048 1 30 theme three-dimensional 157:173 arg1 composite 207:215 a macroporous three-dimensional chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) composite 143:215 a macroporous three-dimensional chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) composite 143:215 This study evaluates the suitability of a macroporous three-dimensional chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) composite as a bone tissue engineering scaffold using MC3T3-E1 cells. 25968048 5 31 dep In 640:641 arg1 vivo 643:646 vivo 643:646 vivo 643:646 In vivo results showed that the MC3T3-E1 cell-laden CS/HA was essentially histocompatible, promoted neovascularization and calcified matrix formation, and secreted osteoblast-specific protein. 25968048 6 32 contain has 883:885 arg1 scaffold 864:871 the composite scaffold 850:871 the composite scaffold evaluated 850:881 We conclude that the composite scaffold evaluated has potential for applications in bone regeneration. 25968048 6 32 contain has 883:885 arg2 potential 887:895 potential 887:895 potential for applications in bone regeneration 887:933 We conclude that the composite scaffold evaluated has potential for applications in bone regeneration. 25968048 1 33 theme chitosan/hydroxyapatite 175:197 arg1 composite 207:215 a macroporous three-dimensional chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) composite 143:215 a macroporous three-dimensional chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) composite 143:215 This study evaluates the suitability of a macroporous three-dimensional chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) composite as a bone tissue engineering scaffold using MC3T3-E1 cells. 25968048 0 34 theme composite 83:91 arg1 scaffold 93:100 composite scaffold 83:100 composite scaffold 83:100 Ectopic osteogenic tissue formation by MC3T3-E1 cell-laden chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite scaffold. 25968048 4 35 theme osteogenic 544:553 arg1 capacity 555:562 osteogenic capacity 544:562 osteogenic capacity 544:562 Tissue biocompatibility and osteogenic capacity of the cell-laden constructs were evaluated in an ectopic Wistar rat model. 25968048 2 36 theme CS/HA 281:285 arg1 scaffold 287:294 The CS/HA scaffold 277:294 The CS/HA scaffold 277:294 The CS/HA scaffold was produced by freeze-drying, and characterized by means of SEM and FTIR. 25968048 5 37 theme osteoblast-specific 804:822 arg1 protein 824:830 osteoblast-specific protein 804:830 osteoblast-specific protein 804:830 In vivo results showed that the MC3T3-E1 cell-laden CS/HA was essentially histocompatible, promoted neovascularization and calcified matrix formation, and secreted osteoblast-specific protein. 26409971 7 0 theme textural 1428:1435 arg1 characteristics 1437:1451 instrumentally quantified textural characteristics 1402:1451 instrumentally quantified textural characteristics of Cheddar cheeses 1402:1470 Moreover, the adjunct culture had no significant effect on cheese composition, proteolysis, pH, or instrumentally quantified textural characteristics of Cheddar cheeses. 26409971 4 1 theme milk 904:907 arg1 level 870:874 a level 868:874 a level of ~10(6) cfu·mL(-1) cheese milk (subsequently present in the cheese curd at>10(7) cfu·g(-1)) 868:968 Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 was used as an adjunct culture during cheese manufacture, at a level of ~10(6) cfu·mL(-1) cheese milk (subsequently present in the cheese curd at>10(7) cfu·g(-1)). 26409971 8 2 theme hypocholesterolemic 1594:1612 arg1 6426 1640:1643 the hypocholesterolemic Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 1590:1643 the hypocholesterolemic Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 1590:1643 These data indicate that low-fat Swiss-type and Cheddar cheeses represent suitable food matrices for the delivery of the hypocholesterolemic Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 in an industrial setting. 26409971 3 3 with pilot-scale 537:547 arg1 starters 614:621 standard commercially available starters 582:621 standard commercially available starters 582:621 All cheeses were manufactured at pilot-scale (500-L vats) in triplicate, with standard commercially available starters: for Cheddar, Lactococcus lactis; and for Swiss-type cheese, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus helveticus, and Propionibacterium freudenreichii. 26409971 7 4 theme significant 1340:1350 arg1 effect 1352:1357 no significant effect 1337:1357 no significant effect 1337:1357 Moreover, the adjunct culture had no significant effect on cheese composition, proteolysis, pH, or instrumentally quantified textural characteristics of Cheddar cheeses. 26409971 4 5 from cfu·g 959:963 arg1 present 923:929 present 923:929 present 923:929 Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 was used as an adjunct culture during cheese manufacture, at a level of ~10(6) cfu·mL(-1) cheese milk (subsequently present in the cheese curd at>10(7) cfu·g(-1)). 26409971 6 6 theme appealing 1179:1187 arg1 appearance 1189:1198 a more appealing appearance 1172:1198 a more appealing appearance 1172:1198 Sensory analysis revealed that the presence of the adjunct culture imparted a more appealing appearance in Swiss-type cheese, but had no significant effect on the sensory characteristics of Cheddar cheeses. 26409971 4 7 theme cheese 938:943 arg1 -1 965:966 -1 965:966 -1 965:966 Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 was used as an adjunct culture during cheese manufacture, at a level of ~10(6) cfu·mL(-1) cheese milk (subsequently present in the cheese curd at>10(7) cfu·g(-1)). 26409971 4 7 theme cheese 938:943 arg1 cfu·g 959:963 the cheese curd at>10(7) cfu·g 934:963 the cheese curd at>10(7) cfu·g(-1) 934:967 Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 was used as an adjunct culture during cheese manufacture, at a level of ~10(6) cfu·mL(-1) cheese milk (subsequently present in the cheese curd at>10(7) cfu·g(-1)). 26409971 1 8 theme apolipoprotein-E-deficient 279:304 arg1 model 325:329 the atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein-E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) murine model 253:329 the atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein-E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) murine model 253:329 Exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 was previously shown to have promising hypocholesterolemic activity in the atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein-E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) murine model. 26409971 7 9 theme adjunct 1317:1323 arg1 culture 1325:1331 the adjunct culture 1313:1331 the adjunct culture 1313:1331 Moreover, the adjunct culture had no significant effect on cheese composition, proteolysis, pH, or instrumentally quantified textural characteristics of Cheddar cheeses. 26409971 4 10 theme mucosae 790:796 arg1 culture 830:836 an adjunct culture 819:836 an adjunct culture during cheese manufacture 819:862 Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 was used as an adjunct culture during cheese manufacture, at a level of ~10(6) cfu·mL(-1) cheese milk (subsequently present in the cheese curd at>10(7) cfu·g(-1)). 26409971 4 10 theme mucosae 790:796 arg1 6426 802:805 Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 776:805 Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 776:805 Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 was used as an adjunct culture during cheese manufacture, at a level of ~10(6) cfu·mL(-1) cheese milk (subsequently present in the cheese curd at>10(7) cfu·g(-1)). 26409971 6 11 theme adjunct 1147:1153 arg1 culture 1155:1161 the adjunct culture 1143:1161 the adjunct culture 1143:1161 Sensory analysis revealed that the presence of the adjunct culture imparted a more appealing appearance in Swiss-type cheese, but had no significant effect on the sensory characteristics of Cheddar cheeses. 26409971 8 12 from delivery 1578:1585 arg1 setting 1662:1668 an industrial setting 1648:1668 an industrial setting 1648:1668 These data indicate that low-fat Swiss-type and Cheddar cheeses represent suitable food matrices for the delivery of the hypocholesterolemic Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 in an industrial setting. 26409971 3 13 theme Swiss-type 665:674 arg1 cheese 676:681 Swiss-type cheese 665:681 Swiss-type cheese 665:681 All cheeses were manufactured at pilot-scale (500-L vats) in triplicate, with standard commercially available starters: for Cheddar, Lactococcus lactis; and for Swiss-type cheese, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus helveticus, and Propionibacterium freudenreichii. 26409971 8 14 theme industrial 1651:1660 arg1 setting 1662:1668 an industrial setting 1648:1668 an industrial setting 1648:1668 These data indicate that low-fat Swiss-type and Cheddar cheeses represent suitable food matrices for the delivery of the hypocholesterolemic Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 in an industrial setting. 26409971 5 15 from cfu·g 1018:1022 arg1 cheeses 1059:1065 both Swiss-type and Cheddar cheeses 1031:1065 both Swiss-type and Cheddar cheeses 1031:1065 The adjunct strain remained viable at >5×10(7) cfu·g(-1) in both Swiss-type and Cheddar cheeses following ripening for 6 mo. 26409971 3 16 theme standard 582:589 arg1 starters 614:621 standard commercially available starters 582:621 standard commercially available starters 582:621 All cheeses were manufactured at pilot-scale (500-L vats) in triplicate, with standard commercially available starters: for Cheddar, Lactococcus lactis; and for Swiss-type cheese, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus helveticus, and Propionibacterium freudenreichii. 26409971 0 17 theme DPC 113:115 arg1 6426 117:120 exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 53:120 exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 53:120 Reduced-fat Cheddar and Swiss-type cheeses harboring exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426. 26409971 1 18 theme promising 211:219 arg1 activity 241:248 promising hypocholesterolemic activity 211:248 promising hypocholesterolemic activity 211:248 Exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 was previously shown to have promising hypocholesterolemic activity in the atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein-E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) murine model. 26409971 4 19 theme cheese 845:850 arg1 manufacture 852:862 cheese manufacture 845:862 cheese manufacture 845:862 Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 was used as an adjunct culture during cheese manufacture, at a level of ~10(6) cfu·mL(-1) cheese milk (subsequently present in the cheese curd at>10(7) cfu·g(-1)). 26409971 6 20 theme Cheddar 1286:1292 arg1 cheeses 1294:1300 Cheddar cheeses 1286:1300 Cheddar cheeses 1286:1300 Sensory analysis revealed that the presence of the adjunct culture imparted a more appealing appearance in Swiss-type cheese, but had no significant effect on the sensory characteristics of Cheddar cheeses. 26409971 0 21 theme Reduced-fat 0:10 arg1 cheeses 35:41 Reduced-fat Cheddar and Swiss-type cheeses 0:41 Reduced-fat Cheddar and Swiss-type cheeses 0:41 Reduced-fat Cheddar and Swiss-type cheeses harboring exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426. 26409971 1 22 theme Exopolysaccharide-producing 123:149 arg1 6426 177:180 Exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 123:180 Exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 123:180 Exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 was previously shown to have promising hypocholesterolemic activity in the atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein-E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) murine model. 26409971 2 23 theme probiotic 486:494 arg1 strain 496:501 this probiotic strain 481:501 this probiotic strain 481:501 The aim of this study was to investigate the suitability of reduced-fat Cheddar and Swiss-type cheeses as functional (carrier) foods for delivery of this probiotic strain. 26409971 1 24 theme mucosae 165:171 arg1 6426 177:180 Exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 123:180 Exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 123:180 Exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 was previously shown to have promising hypocholesterolemic activity in the atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein-E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) murine model. 26409971 8 25 theme Swiss-type 1506:1515 arg1 cheeses 1529:1535 low-fat Swiss-type and Cheddar cheeses 1498:1535 low-fat Swiss-type and Cheddar cheeses 1498:1535 These data indicate that low-fat Swiss-type and Cheddar cheeses represent suitable food matrices for the delivery of the hypocholesterolemic Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 in an industrial setting. 26409971 8 26 theme Cheddar 1521:1527 arg1 cheeses 1529:1535 low-fat Swiss-type and Cheddar cheeses 1498:1535 low-fat Swiss-type and Cheddar cheeses 1498:1535 These data indicate that low-fat Swiss-type and Cheddar cheeses represent suitable food matrices for the delivery of the hypocholesterolemic Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 in an industrial setting. 26409971 0 27 theme Lactobacillus 91:103 arg1 6426 117:120 exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 53:120 exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 53:120 Reduced-fat Cheddar and Swiss-type cheeses harboring exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426. 26409971 2 28 theme Cheddar 404:410 arg1 cheeses 427:433 reduced-fat Cheddar and Swiss-type cheeses 392:433 reduced-fat Cheddar and Swiss-type cheeses 392:433 The aim of this study was to investigate the suitability of reduced-fat Cheddar and Swiss-type cheeses as functional (carrier) foods for delivery of this probiotic strain. 26409971 0 29 theme exopolysaccharide-producing 53:79 arg1 6426 117:120 exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 53:120 exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 53:120 Reduced-fat Cheddar and Swiss-type cheeses harboring exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426. 26409971 7 30 theme Cheddar 1456:1462 arg1 cheeses 1464:1470 Cheddar cheeses 1456:1470 Cheddar cheeses 1456:1470 Moreover, the adjunct culture had no significant effect on cheese composition, proteolysis, pH, or instrumentally quantified textural characteristics of Cheddar cheeses. 26409971 8 31 theme Lactobacillus 1614:1626 arg1 6426 1640:1643 the hypocholesterolemic Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 1590:1643 the hypocholesterolemic Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 1590:1643 These data indicate that low-fat Swiss-type and Cheddar cheeses represent suitable food matrices for the delivery of the hypocholesterolemic Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 in an industrial setting. 26409971 8 32 theme food 1556:1559 arg1 matrices 1561:1568 suitable food matrices 1547:1568 suitable food matrices for the delivery of the hypocholesterolemic Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 in an industrial setting 1547:1668 These data indicate that low-fat Swiss-type and Cheddar cheeses represent suitable food matrices for the delivery of the hypocholesterolemic Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 in an industrial setting. 26409971 3 33 theme Lactobacillus 712:724 arg1 helveticus 726:735 Lactobacillus helveticus 712:735 Lactobacillus helveticus 712:735 All cheeses were manufactured at pilot-scale (500-L vats) in triplicate, with standard commercially available starters: for Cheddar, Lactococcus lactis; and for Swiss-type cheese, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus helveticus, and Propionibacterium freudenreichii. 26409971 3 33 theme Lactobacillus 712:724 arg1 pilot-scale 537:547 pilot-scale 537:547 pilot-scale (500-L vats) 537:560 All cheeses were manufactured at pilot-scale (500-L vats) in triplicate, with standard commercially available starters: for Cheddar, Lactococcus lactis; and for Swiss-type cheese, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus helveticus, and Propionibacterium freudenreichii. 26409971 8 34 theme DPC 1636:1638 arg1 6426 1640:1643 the hypocholesterolemic Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 1590:1643 the hypocholesterolemic Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 1590:1643 These data indicate that low-fat Swiss-type and Cheddar cheeses represent suitable food matrices for the delivery of the hypocholesterolemic Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 in an industrial setting. 26409971 7 35 theme quantified 1417:1426 arg1 characteristics 1437:1451 instrumentally quantified textural characteristics 1402:1451 instrumentally quantified textural characteristics of Cheddar cheeses 1402:1470 Moreover, the adjunct culture had no significant effect on cheese composition, proteolysis, pH, or instrumentally quantified textural characteristics of Cheddar cheeses. 26409971 2 36 theme Swiss-type 416:425 arg1 cheeses 427:433 reduced-fat Cheddar and Swiss-type cheeses 392:433 reduced-fat Cheddar and Swiss-type cheeses 392:433 The aim of this study was to investigate the suitability of reduced-fat Cheddar and Swiss-type cheeses as functional (carrier) foods for delivery of this probiotic strain. 26409971 1 37 theme murine 318:323 arg1 model 325:329 the atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein-E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) murine model 253:329 the atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein-E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) murine model 253:329 Exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 was previously shown to have promising hypocholesterolemic activity in the atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein-E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) murine model. 26409971 2 38 theme study 348:352 arg1 aim 336:338 The aim 332:338 The aim of this study 332:352 The aim of this study was to investigate the suitability of reduced-fat Cheddar and Swiss-type cheeses as functional (carrier) foods for delivery of this probiotic strain. 26409971 4 39 used used 811:814 arg2 6426 802:805 Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 776:805 Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 776:805 Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 was used as an adjunct culture during cheese manufacture, at a level of ~10(6) cfu·mL(-1) cheese milk (subsequently present in the cheese curd at>10(7) cfu·g(-1)). 26409971 4 39 used used 811:814 arg2 culture 830:836 an adjunct culture 819:836 an adjunct culture during cheese manufacture 819:862 Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 was used as an adjunct culture during cheese manufacture, at a level of ~10(6) cfu·mL(-1) cheese milk (subsequently present in the cheese curd at>10(7) cfu·g(-1)). 26409971 6 40 theme Sensory 1096:1102 arg1 analysis 1104:1111 Sensory analysis 1096:1111 Sensory analysis 1096:1111 Sensory analysis revealed that the presence of the adjunct culture imparted a more appealing appearance in Swiss-type cheese, but had no significant effect on the sensory characteristics of Cheddar cheeses. 26409971 4 41 theme cheese 897:902 arg1 milk 904:907 ~10(6) cfu·mL(-1) cheese milk 879:907 ~10(6) cfu·mL(-1) cheese milk (subsequently present in the cheese curd at>10(7) cfu·g(-1)) 879:968 Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 was used as an adjunct culture during cheese manufacture, at a level of ~10(6) cfu·mL(-1) cheese milk (subsequently present in the cheese curd at>10(7) cfu·g(-1)). 26409971 1 42 contain have 206:209 arg1 6426 177:180 Exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 123:180 Exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 123:180 Exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 was previously shown to have promising hypocholesterolemic activity in the atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein-E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) murine model. 26409971 1 42 contain have 206:209 arg2 activity 241:248 promising hypocholesterolemic activity 211:248 promising hypocholesterolemic activity 211:248 Exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 was previously shown to have promising hypocholesterolemic activity in the atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein-E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) murine model. 26409971 6 43 theme Swiss-type 1203:1212 arg1 cheese 1214:1219 Swiss-type cheese 1203:1219 Swiss-type cheese 1203:1219 Sensory analysis revealed that the presence of the adjunct culture imparted a more appealing appearance in Swiss-type cheese, but had no significant effect on the sensory characteristics of Cheddar cheeses. 26409971 1 44 theme hypocholesterolemic 221:239 arg1 activity 241:248 promising hypocholesterolemic activity 211:248 promising hypocholesterolemic activity 211:248 Exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 was previously shown to have promising hypocholesterolemic activity in the atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein-E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) murine model. 26409971 7 45 theme cheese 1362:1367 arg1 composition 1369:1379 cheese composition 1362:1379 cheese composition 1362:1379 Moreover, the adjunct culture had no significant effect on cheese composition, proteolysis, pH, or instrumentally quantified textural characteristics of Cheddar cheeses. 26409971 3 46 from pilot-scale 537:547 arg1 triplicate 565:574 triplicate 565:574 triplicate 565:574 All cheeses were manufactured at pilot-scale (500-L vats) in triplicate, with standard commercially available starters: for Cheddar, Lactococcus lactis; and for Swiss-type cheese, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus helveticus, and Propionibacterium freudenreichii. 26409971 4 47 theme cfu·mL 886:891 arg1 milk 904:907 ~10(6) cfu·mL(-1) cheese milk 879:907 ~10(6) cfu·mL(-1) cheese milk (subsequently present in the cheese curd at>10(7) cfu·g(-1)) 879:968 Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 was used as an adjunct culture during cheese manufacture, at a level of ~10(6) cfu·mL(-1) cheese milk (subsequently present in the cheese curd at>10(7) cfu·g(-1)). 26409971 3 48 theme available 604:612 arg1 starters 614:621 standard commercially available starters 582:621 standard commercially available starters 582:621 All cheeses were manufactured at pilot-scale (500-L vats) in triplicate, with standard commercially available starters: for Cheddar, Lactococcus lactis; and for Swiss-type cheese, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus helveticus, and Propionibacterium freudenreichii. 26409971 1 49 theme atherosclerosis-prone 257:277 arg1 model 325:329 the atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein-E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) murine model 253:329 the atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein-E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) murine model 253:329 Exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 was previously shown to have promising hypocholesterolemic activity in the atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein-E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) murine model. 26409971 2 50 theme reduced-fat 392:402 arg1 cheeses 427:433 reduced-fat Cheddar and Swiss-type cheeses 392:433 reduced-fat Cheddar and Swiss-type cheeses 392:433 The aim of this study was to investigate the suitability of reduced-fat Cheddar and Swiss-type cheeses as functional (carrier) foods for delivery of this probiotic strain. 26409971 6 51 theme sensory 1259:1265 arg1 characteristics 1267:1281 the sensory characteristics 1255:1281 the sensory characteristics of Cheddar cheeses 1255:1300 Sensory analysis revealed that the presence of the adjunct culture imparted a more appealing appearance in Swiss-type cheese, but had no significant effect on the sensory characteristics of Cheddar cheeses. 26409971 3 52 theme Lactococcus 637:647 arg1 lactis 649:654 Cheddar, Lactococcus lactis 628:654 lactis 649:654 All cheeses were manufactured at pilot-scale (500-L vats) in triplicate, with standard commercially available starters: for Cheddar, Lactococcus lactis; and for Swiss-type cheese, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus helveticus, and Propionibacterium freudenreichii. 26409971 4 53 theme curd 945:948 arg1 -1 965:966 -1 965:966 -1 965:966 Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 was used as an adjunct culture during cheese manufacture, at a level of ~10(6) cfu·mL(-1) cheese milk (subsequently present in the cheese curd at>10(7) cfu·g(-1)). 26409971 4 53 theme curd 945:948 arg1 cfu·g 959:963 the cheese curd at>10(7) cfu·g 934:963 the cheese curd at>10(7) cfu·g(-1) 934:967 Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 was used as an adjunct culture during cheese manufacture, at a level of ~10(6) cfu·mL(-1) cheese milk (subsequently present in the cheese curd at>10(7) cfu·g(-1)). 26409971 3 54 theme Cheddar 628:634 arg1 lactis 649:654 Cheddar, Lactococcus lactis 628:654 lactis 649:654 All cheeses were manufactured at pilot-scale (500-L vats) in triplicate, with standard commercially available starters: for Cheddar, Lactococcus lactis; and for Swiss-type cheese, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus helveticus, and Propionibacterium freudenreichii. 26409971 1 55 theme DPC 173:175 arg1 6426 177:180 Exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 123:180 Exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 123:180 Exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 was previously shown to have promising hypocholesterolemic activity in the atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein-E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) murine model. 26409971 6 56 theme culture 1155:1161 arg1 presence 1131:1138 the presence 1127:1138 the presence of the adjunct culture 1127:1161 Sensory analysis revealed that the presence of the adjunct culture imparted a more appealing appearance in Swiss-type cheese, but had no significant effect on the sensory characteristics of Cheddar cheeses. 26409971 4 57 theme Lactobacillus 776:788 arg1 culture 830:836 an adjunct culture 819:836 an adjunct culture during cheese manufacture 819:862 Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 was used as an adjunct culture during cheese manufacture, at a level of ~10(6) cfu·mL(-1) cheese milk (subsequently present in the cheese curd at>10(7) cfu·g(-1)). 26409971 4 57 theme Lactobacillus 776:788 arg1 6426 802:805 Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 776:805 Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 776:805 Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 was used as an adjunct culture during cheese manufacture, at a level of ~10(6) cfu·mL(-1) cheese milk (subsequently present in the cheese curd at>10(7) cfu·g(-1)). 26409971 6 58 theme significant 1233:1243 arg1 effect 1245:1250 no significant effect 1230:1250 no significant effect 1230:1250 Sensory analysis revealed that the presence of the adjunct culture imparted a more appealing appearance in Swiss-type cheese, but had no significant effect on the sensory characteristics of Cheddar cheeses. 26409971 4 59 from present 923:929 arg1 -1 965:966 -1 965:966 -1 965:966 Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 was used as an adjunct culture during cheese manufacture, at a level of ~10(6) cfu·mL(-1) cheese milk (subsequently present in the cheese curd at>10(7) cfu·g(-1)). 26409971 4 59 from present 923:929 arg1 cfu·g 959:963 the cheese curd at>10(7) cfu·g 934:963 the cheese curd at>10(7) cfu·g(-1) 934:967 Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 was used as an adjunct culture during cheese manufacture, at a level of ~10(6) cfu·mL(-1) cheese milk (subsequently present in the cheese curd at>10(7) cfu·g(-1)). 26409971 4 60 theme DPC 798:800 arg1 culture 830:836 an adjunct culture 819:836 an adjunct culture during cheese manufacture 819:862 Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 was used as an adjunct culture during cheese manufacture, at a level of ~10(6) cfu·mL(-1) cheese milk (subsequently present in the cheese curd at>10(7) cfu·g(-1)). 26409971 4 60 theme DPC 798:800 arg1 6426 802:805 Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 776:805 Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 776:805 Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 was used as an adjunct culture during cheese manufacture, at a level of ~10(6) cfu·mL(-1) cheese milk (subsequently present in the cheese curd at>10(7) cfu·g(-1)). 26409971 0 61 theme mucosae 105:111 arg1 6426 117:120 exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 53:120 exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 53:120 Reduced-fat Cheddar and Swiss-type cheeses harboring exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426. 26409971 4 62 theme adjunct 822:828 arg1 culture 830:836 an adjunct culture 819:836 an adjunct culture during cheese manufacture 819:862 Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 was used as an adjunct culture during cheese manufacture, at a level of ~10(6) cfu·mL(-1) cheese milk (subsequently present in the cheese curd at>10(7) cfu·g(-1)). 26409971 4 62 theme adjunct 822:828 arg1 6426 802:805 Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 776:805 Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 776:805 Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 was used as an adjunct culture during cheese manufacture, at a level of ~10(6) cfu·mL(-1) cheese milk (subsequently present in the cheese curd at>10(7) cfu·g(-1)). 26409971 6 63 theme cheeses 1294:1300 arg1 characteristics 1267:1281 the sensory characteristics 1255:1281 the sensory characteristics of Cheddar cheeses 1255:1300 Sensory analysis revealed that the presence of the adjunct culture imparted a more appealing appearance in Swiss-type cheese, but had no significant effect on the sensory characteristics of Cheddar cheeses. 26409971 5 64 theme Swiss-type 1036:1045 arg1 cheeses 1059:1065 both Swiss-type and Cheddar cheeses 1031:1065 both Swiss-type and Cheddar cheeses 1031:1065 The adjunct strain remained viable at >5×10(7) cfu·g(-1) in both Swiss-type and Cheddar cheeses following ripening for 6 mo. 26409971 2 65 theme carrier 450:456 arg1 foods 459:463 functional (carrier) foods 438:463 functional (carrier) foods for delivery of this probiotic strain 438:501 The aim of this study was to investigate the suitability of reduced-fat Cheddar and Swiss-type cheeses as functional (carrier) foods for delivery of this probiotic strain. 26409971 0 66 theme Cheddar 12:18 arg1 cheeses 35:41 Reduced-fat Cheddar and Swiss-type cheeses 0:41 Reduced-fat Cheddar and Swiss-type cheeses 0:41 Reduced-fat Cheddar and Swiss-type cheeses harboring exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426. 26409971 5 67 theme Cheddar 1051:1057 arg1 cheeses 1059:1065 both Swiss-type and Cheddar cheeses 1031:1065 both Swiss-type and Cheddar cheeses 1031:1065 The adjunct strain remained viable at >5×10(7) cfu·g(-1) in both Swiss-type and Cheddar cheeses following ripening for 6 mo. 26409971 6 68 contain had 1226:1228 arg1 presence 1131:1138 the presence 1127:1138 the presence of the adjunct culture 1127:1161 Sensory analysis revealed that the presence of the adjunct culture imparted a more appealing appearance in Swiss-type cheese, but had no significant effect on the sensory characteristics of Cheddar cheeses. 26409971 6 68 contain had 1226:1228 arg2 effect 1245:1250 no significant effect 1230:1250 no significant effect 1230:1250 Sensory analysis revealed that the presence of the adjunct culture imparted a more appealing appearance in Swiss-type cheese, but had no significant effect on the sensory characteristics of Cheddar cheeses. 26409971 2 69 theme strain 496:501 arg1 delivery 469:476 delivery 469:476 delivery of this probiotic strain 469:501 The aim of this study was to investigate the suitability of reduced-fat Cheddar and Swiss-type cheeses as functional (carrier) foods for delivery of this probiotic strain. 26409971 8 70 theme low-fat 1498:1504 arg1 cheeses 1529:1535 low-fat Swiss-type and Cheddar cheeses 1498:1535 low-fat Swiss-type and Cheddar cheeses 1498:1535 These data indicate that low-fat Swiss-type and Cheddar cheeses represent suitable food matrices for the delivery of the hypocholesterolemic Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 in an industrial setting. 26409971 2 71 theme functional 438:447 arg1 foods 459:463 functional (carrier) foods 438:463 functional (carrier) foods for delivery of this probiotic strain 438:501 The aim of this study was to investigate the suitability of reduced-fat Cheddar and Swiss-type cheeses as functional (carrier) foods for delivery of this probiotic strain. 26409971 0 72 theme Swiss-type 24:33 arg1 cheeses 35:41 Reduced-fat Cheddar and Swiss-type cheeses 0:41 Reduced-fat Cheddar and Swiss-type cheeses 0:41 Reduced-fat Cheddar and Swiss-type cheeses harboring exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426. 26409971 7 73 contain had 1333:1335 arg2 effect 1352:1357 no significant effect 1337:1357 no significant effect 1337:1357 Moreover, the adjunct culture had no significant effect on cheese composition, proteolysis, pH, or instrumentally quantified textural characteristics of Cheddar cheeses. 26409971 7 73 contain had 1333:1335 arg1 culture 1325:1331 the adjunct culture 1313:1331 the adjunct culture 1313:1331 Moreover, the adjunct culture had no significant effect on cheese composition, proteolysis, pH, or instrumentally quantified textural characteristics of Cheddar cheeses. 26409971 1 74 theme Lactobacillus 151:163 arg1 6426 177:180 Exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 123:180 Exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 123:180 Exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 was previously shown to have promising hypocholesterolemic activity in the atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein-E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) murine model. 26409971 4 75 dep milk 904:907 arg1 present 923:929 present 923:929 present 923:929 Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 was used as an adjunct culture during cheese manufacture, at a level of ~10(6) cfu·mL(-1) cheese milk (subsequently present in the cheese curd at>10(7) cfu·g(-1)). 26409971 0 76 theme probiotic 81:89 arg1 6426 117:120 exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 53:120 exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 53:120 Reduced-fat Cheddar and Swiss-type cheeses harboring exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426. 26409971 8 77 theme suitable 1547:1554 arg1 matrices 1561:1568 suitable food matrices 1547:1568 suitable food matrices for the delivery of the hypocholesterolemic Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 in an industrial setting 1547:1668 These data indicate that low-fat Swiss-type and Cheddar cheeses represent suitable food matrices for the delivery of the hypocholesterolemic Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 in an industrial setting. 26409971 3 78 theme 500-L 550:554 arg1 pilot-scale 537:547 pilot-scale 537:547 pilot-scale (500-L vats) 537:560 All cheeses were manufactured at pilot-scale (500-L vats) in triplicate, with standard commercially available starters: for Cheddar, Lactococcus lactis; and for Swiss-type cheese, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus helveticus, and Propionibacterium freudenreichii. 26409971 3 78 theme 500-L 550:554 arg1 vats 556:559 500-L vats 550:559 500-L vats 550:559 All cheeses were manufactured at pilot-scale (500-L vats) in triplicate, with standard commercially available starters: for Cheddar, Lactococcus lactis; and for Swiss-type cheese, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus helveticus, and Propionibacterium freudenreichii. 26409971 8 79 theme mucosae 1628:1634 arg1 6426 1640:1643 the hypocholesterolemic Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 1590:1643 the hypocholesterolemic Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 1590:1643 These data indicate that low-fat Swiss-type and Cheddar cheeses represent suitable food matrices for the delivery of the hypocholesterolemic Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 in an industrial setting. 26409971 7 80 theme cheeses 1464:1470 arg1 pH 1395:1396 pH 1395:1396 pH 1395:1396 Moreover, the adjunct culture had no significant effect on cheese composition, proteolysis, pH, or instrumentally quantified textural characteristics of Cheddar cheeses. 26409971 7 80 theme cheeses 1464:1470 arg1 proteolysis 1382:1392 proteolysis 1382:1392 proteolysis 1382:1392 Moreover, the adjunct culture had no significant effect on cheese composition, proteolysis, pH, or instrumentally quantified textural characteristics of Cheddar cheeses. 26409971 7 80 theme cheeses 1464:1470 arg1 composition 1369:1379 cheese composition 1362:1379 cheese composition 1362:1379 Moreover, the adjunct culture had no significant effect on cheese composition, proteolysis, pH, or instrumentally quantified textural characteristics of Cheddar cheeses. 26409971 7 80 theme cheeses 1464:1470 arg1 characteristics 1437:1451 instrumentally quantified textural characteristics 1402:1451 instrumentally quantified textural characteristics of Cheddar cheeses 1402:1470 Moreover, the adjunct culture had no significant effect on cheese composition, proteolysis, pH, or instrumentally quantified textural characteristics of Cheddar cheeses. 26409971 1 81 dep apoE 307:310 arg1 -/- 312:314 -/- 312:314 -/- 312:314 Exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 was previously shown to have promising hypocholesterolemic activity in the atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein-E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) murine model. 26409971 8 82 theme 6426 1640:1643 arg1 delivery 1578:1585 the delivery 1574:1585 the delivery of the hypocholesterolemic Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 in an industrial setting 1574:1668 These data indicate that low-fat Swiss-type and Cheddar cheeses represent suitable food matrices for the delivery of the hypocholesterolemic Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 in an industrial setting. 26409971 5 83 theme adjunct 975:981 arg1 strain 983:988 The adjunct strain 971:988 The adjunct strain 971:988 The adjunct strain remained viable at >5×10(7) cfu·g(-1) in both Swiss-type and Cheddar cheeses following ripening for 6 mo. 26409971 1 84 dep apolipoprotein-E-deficient 279:304 arg1 apoE 307:310 apoE 307:310 apoE(-/-) 307:315 Exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 was previously shown to have promising hypocholesterolemic activity in the atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein-E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) murine model. 26409971 2 85 theme cheeses 427:433 arg1 suitability 377:387 the suitability 373:387 the suitability of reduced-fat Cheddar and Swiss-type cheeses as functional (carrier) foods for delivery of this probiotic strain 373:501 The aim of this study was to investigate the suitability of reduced-fat Cheddar and Swiss-type cheeses as functional (carrier) foods for delivery of this probiotic strain. 28130766 0 0 theme Wastewater 75:84 arg1 COD 35:37 COD 35:37 COD 35:37 Converting Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of Cellulosic Ethanol Fermentation Wastewater into Microbial Lipid by Oleaginous Yeast Trichosporon cutaneum. 28130766 0 0 theme Wastewater 75:84 arg1 Demand 27:32 Chemical Oxygen Demand 11:32 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of Cellulosic Ethanol Fermentation Wastewater 11:84 Converting Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of Cellulosic Ethanol Fermentation Wastewater into Microbial Lipid by Oleaginous Yeast Trichosporon cutaneum. 28130766 5 1 theme 3-L 751:753 arg1 bioreactor 755:764 a 3-L bioreactor 749:764 a 3-L bioreactor 749:764 In a 3-L bioreactor, 2.16 g/L of microbial lipid accumulated with 55.05% of COD reduced after a 5-day culture of T. cutaneum ACCC 20271 in the wastewater. 28130766 1 2 theme ethanol 161:167 arg1 wastewater 182:191 Cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater 150:191 Cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater 150:191 Cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater is the stillage stream of distillation column of cellulosic ethanol fermentation broth with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). 28130766 1 2 theme ethanol 161:167 arg1 stream 209:214 the stillage stream 196:214 the stillage stream of distillation column of cellulosic ethanol fermentation broth with high chemical oxygen demand (COD) 196:317 Cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater is the stillage stream of distillation column of cellulosic ethanol fermentation broth with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). 28130766 1 3 theme broth 274:278 arg1 column 232:237 distillation column 219:237 distillation column of cellulosic ethanol fermentation broth with high chemical oxygen demand (COD) 219:317 Cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater is the stillage stream of distillation column of cellulosic ethanol fermentation broth with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). 28130766 0 4 theme Fermentation 62:73 arg1 Wastewater 75:84 Cellulosic Ethanol Fermentation Wastewater 43:84 Cellulosic Ethanol Fermentation Wastewater 43:84 Converting Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of Cellulosic Ethanol Fermentation Wastewater into Microbial Lipid by Oleaginous Yeast Trichosporon cutaneum. 28130766 5 5 theme cutaneum 862:869 arg1 ACCC 871:874 T. cutaneum ACCC 20271 859:880 T. cutaneum ACCC 20271 859:880 In a 3-L bioreactor, 2.16 g/L of microbial lipid accumulated with 55.05% of COD reduced after a 5-day culture of T. cutaneum ACCC 20271 in the wastewater. 28130766 1 6 theme fermentation 169:180 arg1 wastewater 182:191 Cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater 150:191 Cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater 150:191 Cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater is the stillage stream of distillation column of cellulosic ethanol fermentation broth with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). 28130766 1 6 theme fermentation 169:180 arg1 stream 209:214 the stillage stream 196:214 the stillage stream of distillation column of cellulosic ethanol fermentation broth with high chemical oxygen demand (COD) 196:317 Cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater is the stillage stream of distillation column of cellulosic ethanol fermentation broth with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). 28130766 0 7 theme Microbial 91:99 arg1 Lipid 101:105 Microbial Lipid 91:105 Microbial Lipid 91:105 Converting Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of Cellulosic Ethanol Fermentation Wastewater into Microbial Lipid by Oleaginous Yeast Trichosporon cutaneum. 28130766 1 8 theme high 285:288 arg1 COD 314:316 COD 314:316 COD 314:316 Cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater is the stillage stream of distillation column of cellulosic ethanol fermentation broth with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). 28130766 1 8 theme high 285:288 arg1 demand 306:311 high chemical oxygen demand 285:311 high chemical oxygen demand (COD) 285:317 Cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater is the stillage stream of distillation column of cellulosic ethanol fermentation broth with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). 28130766 7 9 theme biodiesel 1144:1152 arg1 production 1154:1163 biodiesel production 1144:1163 biodiesel production 1144:1163 This study will both solve the environmental problem and offer low-cost lipid feedstock for biodiesel production. 28130766 3 10 theme first 567:571 arg1 time 573:576 the first time 563:576 the first time 563:576 Without any pretreatment nor external nutrients, the cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater bioconversion by Trichosporon cutaneum ACCC 20271 was carried out for the first time. 28130766 1 11 theme chemical 290:297 arg1 COD 314:316 COD 314:316 COD 314:316 Cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater is the stillage stream of distillation column of cellulosic ethanol fermentation broth with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). 28130766 1 11 theme chemical 290:297 arg1 demand 306:311 high chemical oxygen demand 285:311 high chemical oxygen demand (COD) 285:317 Cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater is the stillage stream of distillation column of cellulosic ethanol fermentation broth with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). 28130766 7 12 theme low-cost 1115:1122 arg1 feedstock 1130:1138 low-cost lipid feedstock 1115:1138 low-cost lipid feedstock for biodiesel production 1115:1163 This study will both solve the environmental problem and offer low-cost lipid feedstock for biodiesel production. 28130766 4 13 used utilized 710:717 arg2 components 589:598 The major components 579:598 The major components of the wastewater including glucose, xylose, acetic acid, ethanol, and partial of phenolic compounds 579:699 The major components of the wastewater including glucose, xylose, acetic acid, ethanol, and partial of phenolic compounds could be utilized by T. cutaneum ACCC 20271. 28130766 5 14 theme 5-day 842:846 arg1 culture 848:854 a 5-day culture 840:854 a 5-day culture of T. cutaneum ACCC 20271 in the wastewater 840:898 In a 3-L bioreactor, 2.16 g/L of microbial lipid accumulated with 55.05% of COD reduced after a 5-day culture of T. cutaneum ACCC 20271 in the wastewater. 28130766 6 15 theme biodiesel 1020:1028 arg1 it 1000:1001 it 1000:1001 it 1000:1001 The fatty acid composition of the derived microbial lipid was similar with vegetable oil, in which it could be used as biodiesel production feedstock. 28130766 6 15 theme biodiesel 1020:1028 arg1 feedstock 1041:1049 biodiesel production feedstock 1020:1049 biodiesel production feedstock 1020:1049 The fatty acid composition of the derived microbial lipid was similar with vegetable oil, in which it could be used as biodiesel production feedstock. 28130766 6 16 theme microbial 943:951 arg1 lipid 953:957 the derived microbial lipid 931:957 the derived microbial lipid 931:957 The fatty acid composition of the derived microbial lipid was similar with vegetable oil, in which it could be used as biodiesel production feedstock. 28130766 5 17 theme ACCC 871:874 arg1 culture 848:854 a 5-day culture 840:854 a 5-day culture of T. cutaneum ACCC 20271 in the wastewater 840:898 In a 3-L bioreactor, 2.16 g/L of microbial lipid accumulated with 55.05% of COD reduced after a 5-day culture of T. cutaneum ACCC 20271 in the wastewater. 28130766 5 18 theme lipid 789:793 arg1 2.16 g/L 767:774 2.16 g/L 767:774 2.16 g/L of microbial lipid 767:793 In a 3-L bioreactor, 2.16 g/L of microbial lipid accumulated with 55.05% of COD reduced after a 5-day culture of T. cutaneum ACCC 20271 in the wastewater. 28130766 6 19 theme production 1030:1039 arg1 it 1000:1001 it 1000:1001 it 1000:1001 The fatty acid composition of the derived microbial lipid was similar with vegetable oil, in which it could be used as biodiesel production feedstock. 28130766 6 19 theme production 1030:1039 arg1 feedstock 1041:1049 biodiesel production feedstock 1020:1049 biodiesel production feedstock 1020:1049 The fatty acid composition of the derived microbial lipid was similar with vegetable oil, in which it could be used as biodiesel production feedstock. 28130766 0 20 theme Chemical 11:18 arg1 COD 35:37 COD 35:37 COD 35:37 Converting Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of Cellulosic Ethanol Fermentation Wastewater into Microbial Lipid by Oleaginous Yeast Trichosporon cutaneum. 28130766 0 20 theme Chemical 11:18 arg1 Demand 27:32 Chemical Oxygen Demand 11:32 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of Cellulosic Ethanol Fermentation Wastewater 11:84 Converting Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of Cellulosic Ethanol Fermentation Wastewater into Microbial Lipid by Oleaginous Yeast Trichosporon cutaneum. 28130766 3 21 dep pretreatment 409:420 arg1 any 405:407 any 405:407 any 405:407 Without any pretreatment nor external nutrients, the cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater bioconversion by Trichosporon cutaneum ACCC 20271 was carried out for the first time. 28130766 6 22 used used 1012:1015 arg2 feedstock 1041:1049 biodiesel production feedstock 1020:1049 biodiesel production feedstock 1020:1049 The fatty acid composition of the derived microbial lipid was similar with vegetable oil, in which it could be used as biodiesel production feedstock. 28130766 6 22 used used 1012:1015 arg2 it 1000:1001 it 1000:1001 it 1000:1001 The fatty acid composition of the derived microbial lipid was similar with vegetable oil, in which it could be used as biodiesel production feedstock. 28130766 7 23 theme lipid 1124:1128 arg1 feedstock 1130:1138 low-cost lipid feedstock 1115:1138 low-cost lipid feedstock for biodiesel production 1115:1163 This study will both solve the environmental problem and offer low-cost lipid feedstock for biodiesel production. 28130766 3 24 theme external 426:433 arg1 nutrients 435:443 external nutrients 426:443 external nutrients 426:443 Without any pretreatment nor external nutrients, the cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater bioconversion by Trichosporon cutaneum ACCC 20271 was carried out for the first time. 28130766 1 25 theme oxygen 299:304 arg1 COD 314:316 COD 314:316 COD 314:316 Cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater is the stillage stream of distillation column of cellulosic ethanol fermentation broth with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). 28130766 1 25 theme oxygen 299:304 arg1 demand 306:311 high chemical oxygen demand 285:311 high chemical oxygen demand (COD) 285:317 Cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater is the stillage stream of distillation column of cellulosic ethanol fermentation broth with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). 28130766 4 26 theme cutaneum 725:732 arg1 ACCC 734:737 T. cutaneum ACCC 20271 722:743 T. cutaneum ACCC 20271 722:743 The major components of the wastewater including glucose, xylose, acetic acid, ethanol, and partial of phenolic compounds could be utilized by T. cutaneum ACCC 20271. 28130766 1 27 theme stillage 200:207 arg1 wastewater 182:191 Cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater 150:191 Cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater 150:191 Cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater is the stillage stream of distillation column of cellulosic ethanol fermentation broth with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). 28130766 1 27 theme stillage 200:207 arg1 stream 209:214 the stillage stream 196:214 the stillage stream of distillation column of cellulosic ethanol fermentation broth with high chemical oxygen demand (COD) 196:317 Cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater is the stillage stream of distillation column of cellulosic ethanol fermentation broth with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). 28130766 5 28 theme COD 822:824 arg1 COD 822:824 COD 822:824 COD reduced after a 5-day culture of T. cutaneum ACCC 20271 in the wastewater 822:898 In a 3-L bioreactor, 2.16 g/L of microbial lipid accumulated with 55.05% of COD reduced after a 5-day culture of T. cutaneum ACCC 20271 in the wastewater. 28130766 5 28 theme COD 822:824 arg1 % 817:817 55.05% 812:817 55.05% of COD reduced after a 5-day culture of T. cutaneum ACCC 20271 in the wastewater 812:898 In a 3-L bioreactor, 2.16 g/L of microbial lipid accumulated with 55.05% of COD reduced after a 5-day culture of T. cutaneum ACCC 20271 in the wastewater. 28130766 0 29 theme Yeast 121:125 arg1 cutaneum 140:147 Oleaginous Yeast Trichosporon cutaneum 110:147 Oleaginous Yeast Trichosporon cutaneum 110:147 Converting Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of Cellulosic Ethanol Fermentation Wastewater into Microbial Lipid by Oleaginous Yeast Trichosporon cutaneum. 28130766 3 30 theme fermentation 469:480 arg1 bioconversion 493:505 the cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater bioconversion 446:505 the cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater bioconversion by Trichosporon cutaneum ACCC 20271 446:541 Without any pretreatment nor external nutrients, the cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater bioconversion by Trichosporon cutaneum ACCC 20271 was carried out for the first time. 28130766 0 31 theme Oxygen 20:25 arg1 COD 35:37 COD 35:37 COD 35:37 Converting Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of Cellulosic Ethanol Fermentation Wastewater into Microbial Lipid by Oleaginous Yeast Trichosporon cutaneum. 28130766 0 31 theme Oxygen 20:25 arg1 Demand 27:32 Chemical Oxygen Demand 11:32 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of Cellulosic Ethanol Fermentation Wastewater 11:84 Converting Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of Cellulosic Ethanol Fermentation Wastewater into Microbial Lipid by Oleaginous Yeast Trichosporon cutaneum. 28130766 4 32 theme major 583:587 arg1 components 589:598 The major components 579:598 The major components of the wastewater including glucose, xylose, acetic acid, ethanol, and partial of phenolic compounds 579:699 The major components of the wastewater including glucose, xylose, acetic acid, ethanol, and partial of phenolic compounds could be utilized by T. cutaneum ACCC 20271. 28130766 0 33 theme Oleaginous 110:119 arg1 cutaneum 140:147 Oleaginous Yeast Trichosporon cutaneum 110:147 Oleaginous Yeast Trichosporon cutaneum 110:147 Converting Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of Cellulosic Ethanol Fermentation Wastewater into Microbial Lipid by Oleaginous Yeast Trichosporon cutaneum. 28130766 4 34 theme compounds 691:699 arg1 partial 671:677 partial 671:677 partial 671:677 The major components of the wastewater including glucose, xylose, acetic acid, ethanol, and partial of phenolic compounds could be utilized by T. cutaneum ACCC 20271. 28130766 3 35 theme wastewater 482:491 arg1 bioconversion 493:505 the cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater bioconversion 446:505 the cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater bioconversion by Trichosporon cutaneum ACCC 20271 446:541 Without any pretreatment nor external nutrients, the cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater bioconversion by Trichosporon cutaneum ACCC 20271 was carried out for the first time. 28130766 3 36 theme cellulosic 450:459 arg1 bioconversion 493:505 the cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater bioconversion 446:505 the cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater bioconversion by Trichosporon cutaneum ACCC 20271 446:541 Without any pretreatment nor external nutrients, the cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater bioconversion by Trichosporon cutaneum ACCC 20271 was carried out for the first time. 28130766 1 37 theme distillation 219:230 arg1 column 232:237 distillation column 219:237 distillation column of cellulosic ethanol fermentation broth with high chemical oxygen demand (COD) 219:317 Cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater is the stillage stream of distillation column of cellulosic ethanol fermentation broth with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). 28130766 6 38 theme acid 911:914 arg1 similar 963:969 similar 963:969 similar 963:969 The fatty acid composition of the derived microbial lipid was similar with vegetable oil, in which it could be used as biodiesel production feedstock. 28130766 6 38 theme acid 911:914 arg1 composition 916:926 The fatty acid composition 901:926 The fatty acid composition of the derived microbial lipid 901:957 The fatty acid composition of the derived microbial lipid was similar with vegetable oil, in which it could be used as biodiesel production feedstock. 28130766 0 39 theme Trichosporon 127:138 arg1 cutaneum 140:147 Oleaginous Yeast Trichosporon cutaneum 110:147 Oleaginous Yeast Trichosporon cutaneum 110:147 Converting Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of Cellulosic Ethanol Fermentation Wastewater into Microbial Lipid by Oleaginous Yeast Trichosporon cutaneum. 28130766 6 40 theme vegetable 976:984 arg1 oil 986:988 vegetable oil 976:988 vegetable oil 976:988 The fatty acid composition of the derived microbial lipid was similar with vegetable oil, in which it could be used as biodiesel production feedstock. 28130766 1 41 theme column 232:237 arg1 wastewater 182:191 Cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater 150:191 Cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater 150:191 Cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater is the stillage stream of distillation column of cellulosic ethanol fermentation broth with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). 28130766 1 41 theme column 232:237 arg1 stream 209:214 the stillage stream 196:214 the stillage stream of distillation column of cellulosic ethanol fermentation broth with high chemical oxygen demand (COD) 196:317 Cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater is the stillage stream of distillation column of cellulosic ethanol fermentation broth with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). 28130766 6 42 theme fatty 905:909 arg1 similar 963:969 similar 963:969 similar 963:969 The fatty acid composition of the derived microbial lipid was similar with vegetable oil, in which it could be used as biodiesel production feedstock. 28130766 6 42 theme fatty 905:909 arg1 composition 916:926 The fatty acid composition 901:926 The fatty acid composition of the derived microbial lipid 901:957 The fatty acid composition of the derived microbial lipid was similar with vegetable oil, in which it could be used as biodiesel production feedstock. 28130766 5 43 from culture 848:854 arg1 wastewater 889:898 the wastewater 885:898 the wastewater 885:898 In a 3-L bioreactor, 2.16 g/L of microbial lipid accumulated with 55.05% of COD reduced after a 5-day culture of T. cutaneum ACCC 20271 in the wastewater. 28130766 6 44 link derived 935:941 arg1 lipid 953:957 the derived microbial lipid 931:957 the derived microbial lipid 931:957 The fatty acid composition of the derived microbial lipid was similar with vegetable oil, in which it could be used as biodiesel production feedstock. 28130766 3 45 theme Trichosporon 510:521 arg1 ACCC 532:535 Trichosporon cutaneum ACCC 20271 510:541 Trichosporon cutaneum ACCC 20271 510:541 Without any pretreatment nor external nutrients, the cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater bioconversion by Trichosporon cutaneum ACCC 20271 was carried out for the first time. 28130766 5 46 theme microbial 779:787 arg1 lipid 789:793 microbial lipid 779:793 microbial lipid 779:793 In a 3-L bioreactor, 2.16 g/L of microbial lipid accumulated with 55.05% of COD reduced after a 5-day culture of T. cutaneum ACCC 20271 in the wastewater. 28130766 4 47 theme wastewater 607:616 arg1 components 589:598 The major components 579:598 The major components of the wastewater including glucose, xylose, acetic acid, ethanol, and partial of phenolic compounds 579:699 The major components of the wastewater including glucose, xylose, acetic acid, ethanol, and partial of phenolic compounds could be utilized by T. cutaneum ACCC 20271. 28130766 1 48 with broth 274:278 arg1 COD 314:316 COD 314:316 COD 314:316 Cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater is the stillage stream of distillation column of cellulosic ethanol fermentation broth with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). 28130766 1 48 with broth 274:278 arg1 demand 306:311 high chemical oxygen demand 285:311 high chemical oxygen demand (COD) 285:317 Cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater is the stillage stream of distillation column of cellulosic ethanol fermentation broth with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). 28130766 3 49 theme cutaneum 523:530 arg1 ACCC 532:535 Trichosporon cutaneum ACCC 20271 510:541 Trichosporon cutaneum ACCC 20271 510:541 Without any pretreatment nor external nutrients, the cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater bioconversion by Trichosporon cutaneum ACCC 20271 was carried out for the first time. 28130766 7 50 theme environmental 1083:1095 arg1 problem 1097:1103 the environmental problem 1079:1103 the environmental problem 1079:1103 This study will both solve the environmental problem and offer low-cost lipid feedstock for biodiesel production. 28130766 4 51 theme T. 722:723 arg1 ACCC 734:737 T. cutaneum ACCC 20271 722:743 T. cutaneum ACCC 20271 722:743 The major components of the wastewater including glucose, xylose, acetic acid, ethanol, and partial of phenolic compounds could be utilized by T. cutaneum ACCC 20271. 28130766 6 52 theme lipid 953:957 arg1 similar 963:969 similar 963:969 similar 963:969 The fatty acid composition of the derived microbial lipid was similar with vegetable oil, in which it could be used as biodiesel production feedstock. 28130766 6 52 theme lipid 953:957 arg1 composition 916:926 The fatty acid composition 901:926 The fatty acid composition of the derived microbial lipid 901:957 The fatty acid composition of the derived microbial lipid was similar with vegetable oil, in which it could be used as biodiesel production feedstock. 28130766 5 53 theme T. 859:860 arg1 ACCC 871:874 T. cutaneum ACCC 20271 859:880 T. cutaneum ACCC 20271 859:880 In a 3-L bioreactor, 2.16 g/L of microbial lipid accumulated with 55.05% of COD reduced after a 5-day culture of T. cutaneum ACCC 20271 in the wastewater. 28130766 1 54 theme cellulosic 242:251 arg1 broth 274:278 cellulosic ethanol fermentation broth 242:278 cellulosic ethanol fermentation broth with high chemical oxygen demand (COD) 242:317 Cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater is the stillage stream of distillation column of cellulosic ethanol fermentation broth with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). 28130766 0 55 theme Ethanol 54:60 arg1 Wastewater 75:84 Cellulosic Ethanol Fermentation Wastewater 43:84 Cellulosic Ethanol Fermentation Wastewater 43:84 Converting Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of Cellulosic Ethanol Fermentation Wastewater into Microbial Lipid by Oleaginous Yeast Trichosporon cutaneum. 28130766 3 56 theme ethanol 461:467 arg1 bioconversion 493:505 the cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater bioconversion 446:505 the cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater bioconversion by Trichosporon cutaneum ACCC 20271 446:541 Without any pretreatment nor external nutrients, the cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater bioconversion by Trichosporon cutaneum ACCC 20271 was carried out for the first time. 28130766 6 57 with similar 963:969 arg1 oil 986:988 vegetable oil 976:988 vegetable oil 976:988 The fatty acid composition of the derived microbial lipid was similar with vegetable oil, in which it could be used as biodiesel production feedstock. 28130766 4 58 theme acetic 645:650 arg1 acid 652:655 acetic acid 645:655 acetic acid 645:655 The major components of the wastewater including glucose, xylose, acetic acid, ethanol, and partial of phenolic compounds could be utilized by T. cutaneum ACCC 20271. 28130766 4 59 theme phenolic 682:689 arg1 compounds 691:699 phenolic compounds 682:699 phenolic compounds 682:699 The major components of the wastewater including glucose, xylose, acetic acid, ethanol, and partial of phenolic compounds could be utilized by T. cutaneum ACCC 20271. 28130766 1 60 theme ethanol 253:259 arg1 broth 274:278 cellulosic ethanol fermentation broth 242:278 cellulosic ethanol fermentation broth with high chemical oxygen demand (COD) 242:317 Cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater is the stillage stream of distillation column of cellulosic ethanol fermentation broth with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). 28130766 0 61 theme Cellulosic 43:52 arg1 Wastewater 75:84 Cellulosic Ethanol Fermentation Wastewater 43:84 Cellulosic Ethanol Fermentation Wastewater 43:84 Converting Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of Cellulosic Ethanol Fermentation Wastewater into Microbial Lipid by Oleaginous Yeast Trichosporon cutaneum. 28130766 6 62 theme derived 935:941 arg1 lipid 953:957 the derived microbial lipid 931:957 the derived microbial lipid 931:957 The fatty acid composition of the derived microbial lipid was similar with vegetable oil, in which it could be used as biodiesel production feedstock. 28130766 1 63 theme Cellulosic 150:159 arg1 wastewater 182:191 Cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater 150:191 Cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater 150:191 Cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater is the stillage stream of distillation column of cellulosic ethanol fermentation broth with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). 28130766 1 63 theme Cellulosic 150:159 arg1 stream 209:214 the stillage stream 196:214 the stillage stream of distillation column of cellulosic ethanol fermentation broth with high chemical oxygen demand (COD) 196:317 Cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater is the stillage stream of distillation column of cellulosic ethanol fermentation broth with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). 28130766 1 64 theme fermentation 261:272 arg1 broth 274:278 cellulosic ethanol fermentation broth 242:278 cellulosic ethanol fermentation broth with high chemical oxygen demand (COD) 242:317 Cellulosic ethanol fermentation wastewater is the stillage stream of distillation column of cellulosic ethanol fermentation broth with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). 26931425 5 0 dep dissolution 1466:1476 arg1 the 1462:1464 the 1462:1464 the 1462:1464 Therefore, the application of the resultant CSPs could address the problem of the dissolution and high swelling of traditional coated-type CSPs in some unusual eluents, broadening the possibility of eluent choice. 26931425 2 1 theme silica 380:385 arg1 particles 387:395 3-aminopropyl silica particles 366:395 3-aminopropyl silica particles 366:395 Then the prepared chitosan derivatives were coated onto 3-aminopropyl silica particles, resulting in a series of new chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for high-performance liquid chromatography. 26931425 5 2 theme traditional 1499:1509 arg1 CSPs 1523:1526 traditional coated-type CSPs 1499:1526 traditional coated-type CSPs 1499:1526 Therefore, the application of the resultant CSPs could address the problem of the dissolution and high swelling of traditional coated-type CSPs in some unusual eluents, broadening the possibility of eluent choice. 26931425 3 3 theme CSPs 578:581 arg1 abilities 547:555 the chiral recognition abilities 524:555 the chiral recognition abilities of these coated-type CSPs 524:581 It was observed that the chiral recognition abilities of these coated-type CSPs depended very much on the substituents on the phenyl moieties of the chitosan derivatives, the eluent composition, as well as the structure of racemates. 26931425 1 4 theme different 274:282 arg1 isocyanates 297:307 different methylphenyl isocyanates 274:307 different methylphenyl isocyanates 274:307 A series of chitosan bis(methylphenylcarbamate)-(isobutyrylamide) derivatives were synthesized by carbamylating chitosan isobutyrylamide with different methylphenyl isocyanates. 26931425 8 5 theme eluent 2127:2132 arg1 tolerance 2134:2142 satisfactory eluent tolerance 2114:2142 satisfactory eluent tolerance 2114:2142 In summary, we could safely draw the conclusion that the CSPs derived from chitosan isobutyrylamide derivatives were capable of excellent chiral recognition ability, and meanwhile possessed satisfactory eluent tolerance in a wider range of solvents. 26931425 5 6 theme CSPs 1523:1526 arg1 dissolution 1466:1476 dissolution 1466:1476 dissolution 1466:1476 Therefore, the application of the resultant CSPs could address the problem of the dissolution and high swelling of traditional coated-type CSPs in some unusual eluents, broadening the possibility of eluent choice. 26931425 5 6 theme CSPs 1523:1526 arg1 swelling 1487:1494 high swelling 1482:1494 high swelling 1482:1494 Therefore, the application of the resultant CSPs could address the problem of the dissolution and high swelling of traditional coated-type CSPs in some unusual eluents, broadening the possibility of eluent choice. 26931425 4 7 theme amylose 1278:1284 arg1 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate 1291:1317 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate 1291:1317 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate 1291:1317 As a typical example, the eluent tolerance of the prepared CSP with the best enantioseparation ability was investigated in detail, and the results revealed that the CSP exhibited extraordinary solvent tolerance and could still work without significant loss in enantioseparation capability after being flushed with chloroform (100%), ethyl acetate (100%) and even THF/n-hexane (70/30, v/v), while the traditional coated-type CSPs based on the cellulose and amylose derivatives, such as cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) and amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC), might be dissolved or highly swollen in these eluents. 26931425 4 7 theme amylose 1278:1284 arg1 ADMPC 1321:1325 ADMPC 1321:1325 ADMPC 1321:1325 As a typical example, the eluent tolerance of the prepared CSP with the best enantioseparation ability was investigated in detail, and the results revealed that the CSP exhibited extraordinary solvent tolerance and could still work without significant loss in enantioseparation capability after being flushed with chloroform (100%), ethyl acetate (100%) and even THF/n-hexane (70/30, v/v), while the traditional coated-type CSPs based on the cellulose and amylose derivatives, such as cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) and amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC), might be dissolved or highly swollen in these eluents. 26931425 4 7 theme amylose 1278:1284 arg1 tris 1286:1289 amylose tris 1278:1289 amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC) 1278:1326 As a typical example, the eluent tolerance of the prepared CSP with the best enantioseparation ability was investigated in detail, and the results revealed that the CSP exhibited extraordinary solvent tolerance and could still work without significant loss in enantioseparation capability after being flushed with chloroform (100%), ethyl acetate (100%) and even THF/n-hexane (70/30, v/v), while the traditional coated-type CSPs based on the cellulose and amylose derivatives, such as cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) and amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC), might be dissolved or highly swollen in these eluents. 26931425 5 8 theme eluent 1583:1588 arg1 choice 1590:1595 eluent choice 1583:1595 eluent choice 1583:1595 Therefore, the application of the resultant CSPs could address the problem of the dissolution and high swelling of traditional coated-type CSPs in some unusual eluents, broadening the possibility of eluent choice. 26931425 2 9 theme chitosan 328:335 arg1 derivatives 337:347 the prepared chitosan derivatives 315:347 the prepared chitosan derivatives 315:347 Then the prepared chitosan derivatives were coated onto 3-aminopropyl silica particles, resulting in a series of new chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for high-performance liquid chromatography. 26931425 4 10 theme extraordinary 916:928 arg1 tolerance 938:946 extraordinary solvent tolerance 916:946 extraordinary solvent tolerance 916:946 As a typical example, the eluent tolerance of the prepared CSP with the best enantioseparation ability was investigated in detail, and the results revealed that the CSP exhibited extraordinary solvent tolerance and could still work without significant loss in enantioseparation capability after being flushed with chloroform (100%), ethyl acetate (100%) and even THF/n-hexane (70/30, v/v), while the traditional coated-type CSPs based on the cellulose and amylose derivatives, such as cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) and amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC), might be dissolved or highly swollen in these eluents. 26931425 8 11 theme wider 2149:2153 arg1 range 2155:2159 a wider range 2147:2159 a wider range of solvents 2147:2171 In summary, we could safely draw the conclusion that the CSPs derived from chitosan isobutyrylamide derivatives were capable of excellent chiral recognition ability, and meanwhile possessed satisfactory eluent tolerance in a wider range of solvents. 26931425 0 12 theme liquid 109:114 arg1 chromatography 116:129 high-performance liquid chromatography 92:129 high-performance liquid chromatography 92:129 Chiral stationary phases based on chitosan bis(methylphenylcarbamate)-(isobutyrylamide) for high-performance liquid chromatography. 26931425 3 13 theme chiral 528:533 arg1 abilities 547:555 the chiral recognition abilities 524:555 the chiral recognition abilities of these coated-type CSPs 524:581 It was observed that the chiral recognition abilities of these coated-type CSPs depended very much on the substituents on the phenyl moieties of the chitosan derivatives, the eluent composition, as well as the structure of racemates. 26931425 1 14 theme isobutyrylamide 181:195 arg1 derivatives 198:208 (isobutyrylamide) derivatives 180:208 (isobutyrylamide) derivatives 180:208 A series of chitosan bis(methylphenylcarbamate)-(isobutyrylamide) derivatives were synthesized by carbamylating chitosan isobutyrylamide with different methylphenyl isocyanates. 26931425 7 15 theme tested 1899:1904 arg1 compounds 1913:1921 the tested chiral compounds 1895:1921 the tested chiral compounds 1895:1921 Separation performances achieved on the as-prepared CSPs in different eluents were found to be even superior to CDMPC- and ADMPC-based CSPs for the tested chiral compounds. 26931425 1 16 theme derivatives 198:208 arg1 series 134:139 A series 132:139 A series of chitosan bis(methylphenylcarbamate)-(isobutyrylamide) derivatives 132:208 A series of chitosan bis(methylphenylcarbamate)-(isobutyrylamide) derivatives were synthesized by carbamylating chitosan isobutyrylamide with different methylphenyl isocyanates. 26931425 4 17 theme coated-type 1149:1159 arg1 CSPs 1161:1164 the traditional coated-type CSPs 1133:1164 the traditional coated-type CSPs based on the cellulose and amylose derivatives, such as cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) and amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC), 1133:1327 As a typical example, the eluent tolerance of the prepared CSP with the best enantioseparation ability was investigated in detail, and the results revealed that the CSP exhibited extraordinary solvent tolerance and could still work without significant loss in enantioseparation capability after being flushed with chloroform (100%), ethyl acetate (100%) and even THF/n-hexane (70/30, v/v), while the traditional coated-type CSPs based on the cellulose and amylose derivatives, such as cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) and amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC), might be dissolved or highly swollen in these eluents. 26931425 7 18 from CSPs 1803:1806 arg1 eluents 1821:1827 different eluents 1811:1827 different eluents 1811:1827 Separation performances achieved on the as-prepared CSPs in different eluents were found to be even superior to CDMPC- and ADMPC-based CSPs for the tested chiral compounds. 26931425 4 19 theme significant 977:987 arg1 loss 989:992 significant loss 977:992 significant loss in enantioseparation capability 977:1024 As a typical example, the eluent tolerance of the prepared CSP with the best enantioseparation ability was investigated in detail, and the results revealed that the CSP exhibited extraordinary solvent tolerance and could still work without significant loss in enantioseparation capability after being flushed with chloroform (100%), ethyl acetate (100%) and even THF/n-hexane (70/30, v/v), while the traditional coated-type CSPs based on the cellulose and amylose derivatives, such as cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) and amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC), might be dissolved or highly swollen in these eluents. 26931425 5 20 from problem 1451:1457 arg1 eluents 1544:1550 some unusual eluents 1531:1550 some unusual eluents 1531:1550 Therefore, the application of the resultant CSPs could address the problem of the dissolution and high swelling of traditional coated-type CSPs in some unusual eluents, broadening the possibility of eluent choice. 26931425 5 21 theme resultant 1418:1426 arg1 CSPs 1428:1431 the resultant CSPs 1414:1431 the resultant CSPs 1414:1431 Therefore, the application of the resultant CSPs could address the problem of the dissolution and high swelling of traditional coated-type CSPs in some unusual eluents, broadening the possibility of eluent choice. 26931425 1 22 theme bis 153:155 arg1 series 134:139 A series 132:139 A series of chitosan bis(methylphenylcarbamate)-(isobutyrylamide) derivatives 132:208 A series of chitosan bis(methylphenylcarbamate)-(isobutyrylamide) derivatives were synthesized by carbamylating chitosan isobutyrylamide with different methylphenyl isocyanates. 26931425 5 23 from swelling 1487:1494 arg1 eluents 1544:1550 some unusual eluents 1531:1550 some unusual eluents 1531:1550 Therefore, the application of the resultant CSPs could address the problem of the dissolution and high swelling of traditional coated-type CSPs in some unusual eluents, broadening the possibility of eluent choice. 26931425 6 24 theme known 1659:1663 arg1 CSPs 1689:1692 the well known CDMPC- and ADMPC- based CSPs 1650:1692 the well known CDMPC- and ADMPC- based CSPs concerning the chiral recognition ability 1650:1734 In addition, a comparison of the prepared CSPs with the well known CDMPC- and ADMPC- based CSPs concerning the chiral recognition ability was also made. 26931425 4 25 theme eluent 763:768 arg1 example 750:756 a typical example 740:756 a typical example 740:756 As a typical example, the eluent tolerance of the prepared CSP with the best enantioseparation ability was investigated in detail, and the results revealed that the CSP exhibited extraordinary solvent tolerance and could still work without significant loss in enantioseparation capability after being flushed with chloroform (100%), ethyl acetate (100%) and even THF/n-hexane (70/30, v/v), while the traditional coated-type CSPs based on the cellulose and amylose derivatives, such as cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) and amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC), might be dissolved or highly swollen in these eluents. 26931425 4 25 theme eluent 763:768 arg1 tolerance 770:778 the eluent tolerance 759:778 the eluent tolerance of the prepared CSP with the best enantioseparation ability 759:838 As a typical example, the eluent tolerance of the prepared CSP with the best enantioseparation ability was investigated in detail, and the results revealed that the CSP exhibited extraordinary solvent tolerance and could still work without significant loss in enantioseparation capability after being flushed with chloroform (100%), ethyl acetate (100%) and even THF/n-hexane (70/30, v/v), while the traditional coated-type CSPs based on the cellulose and amylose derivatives, such as cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) and amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC), might be dissolved or highly swollen in these eluents. 26931425 6 26 theme CSPs 1640:1643 arg1 comparison 1613:1622 a comparison 1611:1622 a comparison of the prepared CSPs with the well known CDMPC- and ADMPC- based CSPs concerning the chiral recognition ability 1611:1734 In addition, a comparison of the prepared CSPs with the well known CDMPC- and ADMPC- based CSPs concerning the chiral recognition ability was also made. 26931425 4 27 theme typical 742:748 arg1 example 750:756 a typical example 740:756 a typical example 740:756 As a typical example, the eluent tolerance of the prepared CSP with the best enantioseparation ability was investigated in detail, and the results revealed that the CSP exhibited extraordinary solvent tolerance and could still work without significant loss in enantioseparation capability after being flushed with chloroform (100%), ethyl acetate (100%) and even THF/n-hexane (70/30, v/v), while the traditional coated-type CSPs based on the cellulose and amylose derivatives, such as cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) and amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC), might be dissolved or highly swollen in these eluents. 26931425 4 27 theme typical 742:748 arg1 tolerance 770:778 the eluent tolerance 759:778 the eluent tolerance of the prepared CSP with the best enantioseparation ability 759:838 As a typical example, the eluent tolerance of the prepared CSP with the best enantioseparation ability was investigated in detail, and the results revealed that the CSP exhibited extraordinary solvent tolerance and could still work without significant loss in enantioseparation capability after being flushed with chloroform (100%), ethyl acetate (100%) and even THF/n-hexane (70/30, v/v), while the traditional coated-type CSPs based on the cellulose and amylose derivatives, such as cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) and amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC), might be dissolved or highly swollen in these eluents. 26931425 0 28 theme Chiral 0:5 arg1 phases 18:23 Chiral stationary phases 0:23 Chiral stationary phases 0:23 Chiral stationary phases based on chitosan bis(methylphenylcarbamate)-(isobutyrylamide) for high-performance liquid chromatography. 26931425 1 29 theme methylphenyl 284:295 arg1 isocyanates 297:307 different methylphenyl isocyanates 274:307 different methylphenyl isocyanates 274:307 A series of chitosan bis(methylphenylcarbamate)-(isobutyrylamide) derivatives were synthesized by carbamylating chitosan isobutyrylamide with different methylphenyl isocyanates. 26931425 5 30 theme dissolution 1466:1476 arg1 problem 1451:1457 the problem 1447:1457 the problem of the dissolution and high swelling of traditional coated-type CSPs in some unusual eluents 1447:1550 Therefore, the application of the resultant CSPs could address the problem of the dissolution and high swelling of traditional coated-type CSPs in some unusual eluents, broadening the possibility of eluent choice. 26931425 3 31 from substituents 609:620 arg1 moieties 636:643 the phenyl moieties 625:643 the phenyl moieties of the chitosan derivatives 625:671 It was observed that the chiral recognition abilities of these coated-type CSPs depended very much on the substituents on the phenyl moieties of the chitosan derivatives, the eluent composition, as well as the structure of racemates. 26931425 3 31 from substituents 609:620 arg1 structure 713:721 the structure 709:721 the structure of racemates 709:734 It was observed that the chiral recognition abilities of these coated-type CSPs depended very much on the substituents on the phenyl moieties of the chitosan derivatives, the eluent composition, as well as the structure of racemates. 26931425 3 31 from substituents 609:620 arg1 composition 685:695 the eluent composition 674:695 the eluent composition 674:695 It was observed that the chiral recognition abilities of these coated-type CSPs depended very much on the substituents on the phenyl moieties of the chitosan derivatives, the eluent composition, as well as the structure of racemates. 26931425 2 32 theme phases 445:450 arg1 series 413:418 a series 411:418 a series of new chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for high-performance liquid chromatography 411:500 Then the prepared chitosan derivatives were coated onto 3-aminopropyl silica particles, resulting in a series of new chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for high-performance liquid chromatography. 26931425 8 33 theme chitosan 1999:2006 arg1 derivatives 2024:2034 chitosan isobutyrylamide derivatives 1999:2034 chitosan isobutyrylamide derivatives 1999:2034 In summary, we could safely draw the conclusion that the CSPs derived from chitosan isobutyrylamide derivatives were capable of excellent chiral recognition ability, and meanwhile possessed satisfactory eluent tolerance in a wider range of solvents. 26931425 6 34 theme chiral 1709:1714 arg1 ability 1728:1734 the chiral recognition ability 1705:1734 the chiral recognition ability 1705:1734 In addition, a comparison of the prepared CSPs with the well known CDMPC- and ADMPC- based CSPs concerning the chiral recognition ability was also made. 26931425 5 35 theme high 1482:1485 arg1 swelling 1487:1494 high swelling 1482:1494 high swelling 1482:1494 Therefore, the application of the resultant CSPs could address the problem of the dissolution and high swelling of traditional coated-type CSPs in some unusual eluents, broadening the possibility of eluent choice. 26931425 4 36 theme best 809:812 arg1 ability 832:838 the best enantioseparation ability 805:838 the best enantioseparation ability 805:838 As a typical example, the eluent tolerance of the prepared CSP with the best enantioseparation ability was investigated in detail, and the results revealed that the CSP exhibited extraordinary solvent tolerance and could still work without significant loss in enantioseparation capability after being flushed with chloroform (100%), ethyl acetate (100%) and even THF/n-hexane (70/30, v/v), while the traditional coated-type CSPs based on the cellulose and amylose derivatives, such as cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) and amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC), might be dissolved or highly swollen in these eluents. 26931425 2 37 theme chiral 427:432 arg1 CSPs 453:456 CSPs 453:456 CSPs 453:456 Then the prepared chitosan derivatives were coated onto 3-aminopropyl silica particles, resulting in a series of new chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for high-performance liquid chromatography. 26931425 2 37 theme chiral 427:432 arg1 phases 445:450 new chiral stationary phases 423:450 new chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for high-performance liquid chromatography 423:500 Then the prepared chitosan derivatives were coated onto 3-aminopropyl silica particles, resulting in a series of new chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for high-performance liquid chromatography. 26931425 8 38 contain possessed 2104:2112 arg1 meanwhile 2094:2102 meanwhile 2094:2102 meanwhile 2094:2102 In summary, we could safely draw the conclusion that the CSPs derived from chitosan isobutyrylamide derivatives were capable of excellent chiral recognition ability, and meanwhile possessed satisfactory eluent tolerance in a wider range of solvents. 26931425 8 38 contain possessed 2104:2112 arg2 tolerance 2134:2142 satisfactory eluent tolerance 2114:2142 satisfactory eluent tolerance 2114:2142 In summary, we could safely draw the conclusion that the CSPs derived from chitosan isobutyrylamide derivatives were capable of excellent chiral recognition ability, and meanwhile possessed satisfactory eluent tolerance in a wider range of solvents. 26931425 2 39 theme liquid 480:485 arg1 chromatography 487:500 high-performance liquid chromatography 463:500 high-performance liquid chromatography 463:500 Then the prepared chitosan derivatives were coated onto 3-aminopropyl silica particles, resulting in a series of new chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for high-performance liquid chromatography. 26931425 3 40 theme derivatives 661:671 arg1 moieties 636:643 the phenyl moieties 625:643 the phenyl moieties of the chitosan derivatives 625:671 It was observed that the chiral recognition abilities of these coated-type CSPs depended very much on the substituents on the phenyl moieties of the chitosan derivatives, the eluent composition, as well as the structure of racemates. 26931425 3 40 theme derivatives 661:671 arg1 structure 713:721 the structure 709:721 the structure of racemates 709:734 It was observed that the chiral recognition abilities of these coated-type CSPs depended very much on the substituents on the phenyl moieties of the chitosan derivatives, the eluent composition, as well as the structure of racemates. 26931425 3 40 theme derivatives 661:671 arg1 composition 685:695 the eluent composition 674:695 the eluent composition 674:695 It was observed that the chiral recognition abilities of these coated-type CSPs depended very much on the substituents on the phenyl moieties of the chitosan derivatives, the eluent composition, as well as the structure of racemates. 26931425 2 41 theme 3-aminopropyl 366:378 arg1 particles 387:395 3-aminopropyl silica particles 366:395 3-aminopropyl silica particles 366:395 Then the prepared chitosan derivatives were coated onto 3-aminopropyl silica particles, resulting in a series of new chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for high-performance liquid chromatography. 26931425 7 42 theme different 1811:1819 arg1 eluents 1821:1827 different eluents 1811:1827 different eluents 1811:1827 Separation performances achieved on the as-prepared CSPs in different eluents were found to be even superior to CDMPC- and ADMPC-based CSPs for the tested chiral compounds. 26931425 6 43 theme based 1683:1687 arg1 CSPs 1689:1692 the well known CDMPC- and ADMPC- based CSPs 1650:1692 the well known CDMPC- and ADMPC- based CSPs concerning the chiral recognition ability 1650:1734 In addition, a comparison of the prepared CSPs with the well known CDMPC- and ADMPC- based CSPs concerning the chiral recognition ability was also made. 26931425 4 44 theme prepared 787:794 arg1 CSP 796:798 the prepared CSP 783:798 the prepared CSP 783:798 As a typical example, the eluent tolerance of the prepared CSP with the best enantioseparation ability was investigated in detail, and the results revealed that the CSP exhibited extraordinary solvent tolerance and could still work without significant loss in enantioseparation capability after being flushed with chloroform (100%), ethyl acetate (100%) and even THF/n-hexane (70/30, v/v), while the traditional coated-type CSPs based on the cellulose and amylose derivatives, such as cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) and amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC), might be dissolved or highly swollen in these eluents. 26931425 8 45 theme excellent 2052:2060 arg1 ability 2081:2087 excellent chiral recognition ability 2052:2087 excellent chiral recognition ability 2052:2087 In summary, we could safely draw the conclusion that the CSPs derived from chitosan isobutyrylamide derivatives were capable of excellent chiral recognition ability, and meanwhile possessed satisfactory eluent tolerance in a wider range of solvents. 26931425 4 46 theme cellulose 1222:1230 arg1 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate 1237:1263 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate 1237:1263 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate 1237:1263 As a typical example, the eluent tolerance of the prepared CSP with the best enantioseparation ability was investigated in detail, and the results revealed that the CSP exhibited extraordinary solvent tolerance and could still work without significant loss in enantioseparation capability after being flushed with chloroform (100%), ethyl acetate (100%) and even THF/n-hexane (70/30, v/v), while the traditional coated-type CSPs based on the cellulose and amylose derivatives, such as cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) and amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC), might be dissolved or highly swollen in these eluents. 26931425 4 46 theme cellulose 1222:1230 arg1 CDMPC 1267:1271 CDMPC 1267:1271 CDMPC 1267:1271 As a typical example, the eluent tolerance of the prepared CSP with the best enantioseparation ability was investigated in detail, and the results revealed that the CSP exhibited extraordinary solvent tolerance and could still work without significant loss in enantioseparation capability after being flushed with chloroform (100%), ethyl acetate (100%) and even THF/n-hexane (70/30, v/v), while the traditional coated-type CSPs based on the cellulose and amylose derivatives, such as cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) and amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC), might be dissolved or highly swollen in these eluents. 26931425 4 46 theme cellulose 1222:1230 arg1 tris 1232:1235 cellulose tris 1222:1235 cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) 1222:1272 As a typical example, the eluent tolerance of the prepared CSP with the best enantioseparation ability was investigated in detail, and the results revealed that the CSP exhibited extraordinary solvent tolerance and could still work without significant loss in enantioseparation capability after being flushed with chloroform (100%), ethyl acetate (100%) and even THF/n-hexane (70/30, v/v), while the traditional coated-type CSPs based on the cellulose and amylose derivatives, such as cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) and amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC), might be dissolved or highly swollen in these eluents. 26931425 3 47 theme recognition 535:545 arg1 abilities 547:555 the chiral recognition abilities 524:555 the chiral recognition abilities of these coated-type CSPs 524:581 It was observed that the chiral recognition abilities of these coated-type CSPs depended very much on the substituents on the phenyl moieties of the chitosan derivatives, the eluent composition, as well as the structure of racemates. 26931425 8 48 theme recognition 2069:2079 arg1 ability 2081:2087 excellent chiral recognition ability 2052:2087 excellent chiral recognition ability 2052:2087 In summary, we could safely draw the conclusion that the CSPs derived from chitosan isobutyrylamide derivatives were capable of excellent chiral recognition ability, and meanwhile possessed satisfactory eluent tolerance in a wider range of solvents. 26931425 5 49 theme unusual 1536:1542 arg1 eluents 1544:1550 some unusual eluents 1531:1550 some unusual eluents 1531:1550 Therefore, the application of the resultant CSPs could address the problem of the dissolution and high swelling of traditional coated-type CSPs in some unusual eluents, broadening the possibility of eluent choice. 26931425 1 50 theme chitosan 244:251 arg1 isobutyrylamide 253:267 chitosan isobutyrylamide 244:267 chitosan isobutyrylamide 244:267 A series of chitosan bis(methylphenylcarbamate)-(isobutyrylamide) derivatives were synthesized by carbamylating chitosan isobutyrylamide with different methylphenyl isocyanates. 26931425 3 51 theme coated-type 566:576 arg1 CSPs 578:581 these coated-type CSPs 560:581 these coated-type CSPs 560:581 It was observed that the chiral recognition abilities of these coated-type CSPs depended very much on the substituents on the phenyl moieties of the chitosan derivatives, the eluent composition, as well as the structure of racemates. 26931425 5 52 theme coated-type 1511:1521 arg1 CSPs 1523:1526 traditional coated-type CSPs 1499:1526 traditional coated-type CSPs 1499:1526 Therefore, the application of the resultant CSPs could address the problem of the dissolution and high swelling of traditional coated-type CSPs in some unusual eluents, broadening the possibility of eluent choice. 26931425 8 53 theme satisfactory 2114:2125 arg1 tolerance 2134:2142 satisfactory eluent tolerance 2114:2142 satisfactory eluent tolerance 2114:2142 In summary, we could safely draw the conclusion that the CSPs derived from chitosan isobutyrylamide derivatives were capable of excellent chiral recognition ability, and meanwhile possessed satisfactory eluent tolerance in a wider range of solvents. 26931425 6 54 with comparison 1613:1622 arg1 CSPs 1689:1692 the well known CDMPC- and ADMPC- based CSPs 1650:1692 the well known CDMPC- and ADMPC- based CSPs concerning the chiral recognition ability 1650:1734 In addition, a comparison of the prepared CSPs with the well known CDMPC- and ADMPC- based CSPs concerning the chiral recognition ability was also made. 26931425 3 55 theme racemates 726:734 arg1 composition 685:695 the eluent composition 674:695 the eluent composition 674:695 It was observed that the chiral recognition abilities of these coated-type CSPs depended very much on the substituents on the phenyl moieties of the chitosan derivatives, the eluent composition, as well as the structure of racemates. 26931425 3 55 theme racemates 726:734 arg1 structure 713:721 the structure 709:721 the structure of racemates 709:734 It was observed that the chiral recognition abilities of these coated-type CSPs depended very much on the substituents on the phenyl moieties of the chitosan derivatives, the eluent composition, as well as the structure of racemates. 26931425 3 55 theme racemates 726:734 arg1 moieties 636:643 the phenyl moieties 625:643 the phenyl moieties of the chitosan derivatives 625:671 It was observed that the chiral recognition abilities of these coated-type CSPs depended very much on the substituents on the phenyl moieties of the chitosan derivatives, the eluent composition, as well as the structure of racemates. 26931425 5 56 theme choice 1590:1595 arg1 possibility 1568:1578 the possibility 1564:1578 the possibility of eluent choice 1564:1595 Therefore, the application of the resultant CSPs could address the problem of the dissolution and high swelling of traditional coated-type CSPs in some unusual eluents, broadening the possibility of eluent choice. 26931425 4 57 with tolerance 770:778 arg1 ability 832:838 the best enantioseparation ability 805:838 the best enantioseparation ability 805:838 As a typical example, the eluent tolerance of the prepared CSP with the best enantioseparation ability was investigated in detail, and the results revealed that the CSP exhibited extraordinary solvent tolerance and could still work without significant loss in enantioseparation capability after being flushed with chloroform (100%), ethyl acetate (100%) and even THF/n-hexane (70/30, v/v), while the traditional coated-type CSPs based on the cellulose and amylose derivatives, such as cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) and amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC), might be dissolved or highly swollen in these eluents. 26931425 2 58 theme prepared 319:326 arg1 derivatives 337:347 the prepared chitosan derivatives 315:347 the prepared chitosan derivatives 315:347 Then the prepared chitosan derivatives were coated onto 3-aminopropyl silica particles, resulting in a series of new chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for high-performance liquid chromatography. 26931425 6 59 theme prepared 1631:1638 arg1 CSPs 1640:1643 the prepared CSPs 1627:1643 the prepared CSPs 1627:1643 In addition, a comparison of the prepared CSPs with the well known CDMPC- and ADMPC- based CSPs concerning the chiral recognition ability was also made. 26931425 7 60 theme chiral 1906:1911 arg1 compounds 1913:1921 the tested chiral compounds 1895:1921 the tested chiral compounds 1895:1921 Separation performances achieved on the as-prepared CSPs in different eluents were found to be even superior to CDMPC- and ADMPC-based CSPs for the tested chiral compounds. 26931425 4 61 theme solvent 930:936 arg1 tolerance 938:946 extraordinary solvent tolerance 916:946 extraordinary solvent tolerance 916:946 As a typical example, the eluent tolerance of the prepared CSP with the best enantioseparation ability was investigated in detail, and the results revealed that the CSP exhibited extraordinary solvent tolerance and could still work without significant loss in enantioseparation capability after being flushed with chloroform (100%), ethyl acetate (100%) and even THF/n-hexane (70/30, v/v), while the traditional coated-type CSPs based on the cellulose and amylose derivatives, such as cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) and amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC), might be dissolved or highly swollen in these eluents. 26931425 4 62 theme traditional 1137:1147 arg1 CSPs 1161:1164 the traditional coated-type CSPs 1133:1164 the traditional coated-type CSPs based on the cellulose and amylose derivatives, such as cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) and amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC), 1133:1327 As a typical example, the eluent tolerance of the prepared CSP with the best enantioseparation ability was investigated in detail, and the results revealed that the CSP exhibited extraordinary solvent tolerance and could still work without significant loss in enantioseparation capability after being flushed with chloroform (100%), ethyl acetate (100%) and even THF/n-hexane (70/30, v/v), while the traditional coated-type CSPs based on the cellulose and amylose derivatives, such as cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) and amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC), might be dissolved or highly swollen in these eluents. 26931425 8 63 theme solvents 2164:2171 arg1 range 2155:2159 a wider range 2147:2159 a wider range of solvents 2147:2171 In summary, we could safely draw the conclusion that the CSPs derived from chitosan isobutyrylamide derivatives were capable of excellent chiral recognition ability, and meanwhile possessed satisfactory eluent tolerance in a wider range of solvents. 26931425 8 64 attach derived 1986:1992 arg2 capable 2041:2047 capable 2041:2047 capable 2041:2047 In summary, we could safely draw the conclusion that the CSPs derived from chitosan isobutyrylamide derivatives were capable of excellent chiral recognition ability, and meanwhile possessed satisfactory eluent tolerance in a wider range of solvents. 26931425 8 64 attach derived 1986:1992 arg1 derivatives 2024:2034 chitosan isobutyrylamide derivatives 1999:2034 chitosan isobutyrylamide derivatives 1999:2034 In summary, we could safely draw the conclusion that the CSPs derived from chitosan isobutyrylamide derivatives were capable of excellent chiral recognition ability, and meanwhile possessed satisfactory eluent tolerance in a wider range of solvents. 26931425 8 64 attach derived 1986:1992 arg2 CSPs 1981:1984 the CSPs 1977:1984 the CSPs derived from chitosan isobutyrylamide derivatives 1977:2034 In summary, we could safely draw the conclusion that the CSPs derived from chitosan isobutyrylamide derivatives were capable of excellent chiral recognition ability, and meanwhile possessed satisfactory eluent tolerance in a wider range of solvents. 26931425 3 65 theme phenyl 629:634 arg1 moieties 636:643 the phenyl moieties 625:643 the phenyl moieties of the chitosan derivatives 625:671 It was observed that the chiral recognition abilities of these coated-type CSPs depended very much on the substituents on the phenyl moieties of the chitosan derivatives, the eluent composition, as well as the structure of racemates. 26931425 3 65 theme phenyl 629:634 arg1 structure 713:721 the structure 709:721 the structure of racemates 709:734 It was observed that the chiral recognition abilities of these coated-type CSPs depended very much on the substituents on the phenyl moieties of the chitosan derivatives, the eluent composition, as well as the structure of racemates. 26931425 3 65 theme phenyl 629:634 arg1 composition 685:695 the eluent composition 674:695 the eluent composition 674:695 It was observed that the chiral recognition abilities of these coated-type CSPs depended very much on the substituents on the phenyl moieties of the chitosan derivatives, the eluent composition, as well as the structure of racemates. 26931425 4 66 dep 70/30 1114:1118 arg1 v/v 1121:1123 v/v 1121:1123 v/v 1121:1123 As a typical example, the eluent tolerance of the prepared CSP with the best enantioseparation ability was investigated in detail, and the results revealed that the CSP exhibited extraordinary solvent tolerance and could still work without significant loss in enantioseparation capability after being flushed with chloroform (100%), ethyl acetate (100%) and even THF/n-hexane (70/30, v/v), while the traditional coated-type CSPs based on the cellulose and amylose derivatives, such as cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) and amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC), might be dissolved or highly swollen in these eluents. 26931425 6 67 theme ADMPC- 1676:1681 arg1 CSPs 1689:1692 the well known CDMPC- and ADMPC- based CSPs 1650:1692 the well known CDMPC- and ADMPC- based CSPs concerning the chiral recognition ability 1650:1734 In addition, a comparison of the prepared CSPs with the well known CDMPC- and ADMPC- based CSPs concerning the chiral recognition ability was also made. 26931425 7 68 theme ADMPC-based 1874:1884 arg1 CSPs 1886:1889 CDMPC- and ADMPC-based CSPs 1863:1889 CDMPC- and ADMPC-based CSPs 1863:1889 Separation performances achieved on the as-prepared CSPs in different eluents were found to be even superior to CDMPC- and ADMPC-based CSPs for the tested chiral compounds. 26931425 1 69 theme chitosan 144:151 arg1 methylphenylcarbamate 157:177 methylphenylcarbamate 157:177 methylphenylcarbamate 157:177 A series of chitosan bis(methylphenylcarbamate)-(isobutyrylamide) derivatives were synthesized by carbamylating chitosan isobutyrylamide with different methylphenyl isocyanates. 26931425 1 69 theme chitosan 144:151 arg1 bis 153:155 chitosan bis 144:155 chitosan bis(methylphenylcarbamate) 144:178 A series of chitosan bis(methylphenylcarbamate)-(isobutyrylamide) derivatives were synthesized by carbamylating chitosan isobutyrylamide with different methylphenyl isocyanates. 26931425 6 70 theme CDMPC- 1665:1670 arg1 CSPs 1689:1692 the well known CDMPC- and ADMPC- based CSPs 1650:1692 the well known CDMPC- and ADMPC- based CSPs concerning the chiral recognition ability 1650:1734 In addition, a comparison of the prepared CSPs with the well known CDMPC- and ADMPC- based CSPs concerning the chiral recognition ability was also made. 26931425 5 71 theme CSPs 1428:1431 arg1 application 1399:1409 the application 1395:1409 the application of the resultant CSPs 1395:1431 Therefore, the application of the resultant CSPs could address the problem of the dissolution and high swelling of traditional coated-type CSPs in some unusual eluents, broadening the possibility of eluent choice. 26931425 4 72 theme amylose 1193:1199 arg1 tris 1232:1235 cellulose tris 1222:1235 cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) 1222:1272 As a typical example, the eluent tolerance of the prepared CSP with the best enantioseparation ability was investigated in detail, and the results revealed that the CSP exhibited extraordinary solvent tolerance and could still work without significant loss in enantioseparation capability after being flushed with chloroform (100%), ethyl acetate (100%) and even THF/n-hexane (70/30, v/v), while the traditional coated-type CSPs based on the cellulose and amylose derivatives, such as cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) and amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC), might be dissolved or highly swollen in these eluents. 26931425 4 72 theme amylose 1193:1199 arg1 derivatives 1201:1211 the cellulose and amylose derivatives 1175:1211 derivatives 1201:1211 As a typical example, the eluent tolerance of the prepared CSP with the best enantioseparation ability was investigated in detail, and the results revealed that the CSP exhibited extraordinary solvent tolerance and could still work without significant loss in enantioseparation capability after being flushed with chloroform (100%), ethyl acetate (100%) and even THF/n-hexane (70/30, v/v), while the traditional coated-type CSPs based on the cellulose and amylose derivatives, such as cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) and amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC), might be dissolved or highly swollen in these eluents. 26931425 4 72 theme amylose 1193:1199 arg1 tris 1286:1289 amylose tris 1278:1289 amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC) 1278:1326 As a typical example, the eluent tolerance of the prepared CSP with the best enantioseparation ability was investigated in detail, and the results revealed that the CSP exhibited extraordinary solvent tolerance and could still work without significant loss in enantioseparation capability after being flushed with chloroform (100%), ethyl acetate (100%) and even THF/n-hexane (70/30, v/v), while the traditional coated-type CSPs based on the cellulose and amylose derivatives, such as cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) and amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC), might be dissolved or highly swollen in these eluents. 26931425 7 73 theme CDMPC- 1863:1868 arg1 CSPs 1886:1889 CDMPC- and ADMPC-based CSPs 1863:1889 CDMPC- and ADMPC-based CSPs 1863:1889 Separation performances achieved on the as-prepared CSPs in different eluents were found to be even superior to CDMPC- and ADMPC-based CSPs for the tested chiral compounds. 26931425 5 74 from dissolution 1466:1476 arg1 eluents 1544:1550 some unusual eluents 1531:1550 some unusual eluents 1531:1550 Therefore, the application of the resultant CSPs could address the problem of the dissolution and high swelling of traditional coated-type CSPs in some unusual eluents, broadening the possibility of eluent choice. 26931425 0 75 theme high-performance 92:107 arg1 chromatography 116:129 high-performance liquid chromatography 92:129 high-performance liquid chromatography 92:129 Chiral stationary phases based on chitosan bis(methylphenylcarbamate)-(isobutyrylamide) for high-performance liquid chromatography. 26931425 0 76 theme stationary 7:16 arg1 phases 18:23 Chiral stationary phases 0:23 Chiral stationary phases 0:23 Chiral stationary phases based on chitosan bis(methylphenylcarbamate)-(isobutyrylamide) for high-performance liquid chromatography. 26931425 4 77 theme cellulose 1179:1187 arg1 tris 1232:1235 cellulose tris 1222:1235 cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) 1222:1272 As a typical example, the eluent tolerance of the prepared CSP with the best enantioseparation ability was investigated in detail, and the results revealed that the CSP exhibited extraordinary solvent tolerance and could still work without significant loss in enantioseparation capability after being flushed with chloroform (100%), ethyl acetate (100%) and even THF/n-hexane (70/30, v/v), while the traditional coated-type CSPs based on the cellulose and amylose derivatives, such as cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) and amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC), might be dissolved or highly swollen in these eluents. 26931425 4 77 theme cellulose 1179:1187 arg1 derivatives 1201:1211 the cellulose and amylose derivatives 1175:1211 derivatives 1201:1211 As a typical example, the eluent tolerance of the prepared CSP with the best enantioseparation ability was investigated in detail, and the results revealed that the CSP exhibited extraordinary solvent tolerance and could still work without significant loss in enantioseparation capability after being flushed with chloroform (100%), ethyl acetate (100%) and even THF/n-hexane (70/30, v/v), while the traditional coated-type CSPs based on the cellulose and amylose derivatives, such as cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) and amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC), might be dissolved or highly swollen in these eluents. 26931425 4 77 theme cellulose 1179:1187 arg1 tris 1286:1289 amylose tris 1278:1289 amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC) 1278:1326 As a typical example, the eluent tolerance of the prepared CSP with the best enantioseparation ability was investigated in detail, and the results revealed that the CSP exhibited extraordinary solvent tolerance and could still work without significant loss in enantioseparation capability after being flushed with chloroform (100%), ethyl acetate (100%) and even THF/n-hexane (70/30, v/v), while the traditional coated-type CSPs based on the cellulose and amylose derivatives, such as cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) and amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC), might be dissolved or highly swollen in these eluents. 26931425 8 78 theme isobutyrylamide 2008:2022 arg1 derivatives 2024:2034 chitosan isobutyrylamide derivatives 1999:2034 chitosan isobutyrylamide derivatives 1999:2034 In summary, we could safely draw the conclusion that the CSPs derived from chitosan isobutyrylamide derivatives were capable of excellent chiral recognition ability, and meanwhile possessed satisfactory eluent tolerance in a wider range of solvents. 26931425 6 79 theme recognition 1716:1726 arg1 ability 1728:1734 the chiral recognition ability 1705:1734 the chiral recognition ability 1705:1734 In addition, a comparison of the prepared CSPs with the well known CDMPC- and ADMPC- based CSPs concerning the chiral recognition ability was also made. 26931425 2 80 theme stationary 434:443 arg1 CSPs 453:456 CSPs 453:456 CSPs 453:456 Then the prepared chitosan derivatives were coated onto 3-aminopropyl silica particles, resulting in a series of new chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for high-performance liquid chromatography. 26931425 2 80 theme stationary 434:443 arg1 phases 445:450 new chiral stationary phases 423:450 new chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for high-performance liquid chromatography 423:500 Then the prepared chitosan derivatives were coated onto 3-aminopropyl silica particles, resulting in a series of new chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for high-performance liquid chromatography. 26931425 0 81 theme chitosan 34:41 arg1 methylphenylcarbamate 47:67 methylphenylcarbamate 47:67 methylphenylcarbamate 47:67 Chiral stationary phases based on chitosan bis(methylphenylcarbamate)-(isobutyrylamide) for high-performance liquid chromatography. 26931425 0 81 theme chitosan 34:41 arg1 bis 43:45 chitosan bis 34:45 chitosan bis(methylphenylcarbamate)-(isobutyrylamide) for high-performance liquid chromatography 34:129 Chiral stationary phases based on chitosan bis(methylphenylcarbamate)-(isobutyrylamide) for high-performance liquid chromatography. 26931425 0 81 theme chitosan 34:41 arg1 isobutyrylamide 71:85 isobutyrylamide 71:85 isobutyrylamide 71:85 Chiral stationary phases based on chitosan bis(methylphenylcarbamate)-(isobutyrylamide) for high-performance liquid chromatography. 26931425 4 82 theme enantioseparation 997:1013 arg1 capability 1015:1024 enantioseparation capability 997:1024 enantioseparation capability 997:1024 As a typical example, the eluent tolerance of the prepared CSP with the best enantioseparation ability was investigated in detail, and the results revealed that the CSP exhibited extraordinary solvent tolerance and could still work without significant loss in enantioseparation capability after being flushed with chloroform (100%), ethyl acetate (100%) and even THF/n-hexane (70/30, v/v), while the traditional coated-type CSPs based on the cellulose and amylose derivatives, such as cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) and amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC), might be dissolved or highly swollen in these eluents. 26931425 5 83 theme swelling 1487:1494 arg1 problem 1451:1457 the problem 1447:1457 the problem of the dissolution and high swelling of traditional coated-type CSPs in some unusual eluents 1447:1550 Therefore, the application of the resultant CSPs could address the problem of the dissolution and high swelling of traditional coated-type CSPs in some unusual eluents, broadening the possibility of eluent choice. 26931425 3 84 theme chitosan 652:659 arg1 derivatives 661:671 the chitosan derivatives 648:671 the chitosan derivatives 648:671 It was observed that the chiral recognition abilities of these coated-type CSPs depended very much on the substituents on the phenyl moieties of the chitosan derivatives, the eluent composition, as well as the structure of racemates. 26931425 2 85 theme new 423:425 arg1 CSPs 453:456 CSPs 453:456 CSPs 453:456 Then the prepared chitosan derivatives were coated onto 3-aminopropyl silica particles, resulting in a series of new chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for high-performance liquid chromatography. 26931425 2 85 theme new 423:425 arg1 phases 445:450 new chiral stationary phases 423:450 new chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for high-performance liquid chromatography 423:500 Then the prepared chitosan derivatives were coated onto 3-aminopropyl silica particles, resulting in a series of new chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for high-performance liquid chromatography. 26931425 2 86 theme high-performance 463:478 arg1 chromatography 487:500 high-performance liquid chromatography 463:500 high-performance liquid chromatography 463:500 Then the prepared chitosan derivatives were coated onto 3-aminopropyl silica particles, resulting in a series of new chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for high-performance liquid chromatography. 26931425 4 87 theme enantioseparation 814:830 arg1 ability 832:838 the best enantioseparation ability 805:838 the best enantioseparation ability 805:838 As a typical example, the eluent tolerance of the prepared CSP with the best enantioseparation ability was investigated in detail, and the results revealed that the CSP exhibited extraordinary solvent tolerance and could still work without significant loss in enantioseparation capability after being flushed with chloroform (100%), ethyl acetate (100%) and even THF/n-hexane (70/30, v/v), while the traditional coated-type CSPs based on the cellulose and amylose derivatives, such as cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) and amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC), might be dissolved or highly swollen in these eluents. 26931425 7 88 theme as-prepared 1791:1801 arg1 CSPs 1803:1806 the as-prepared CSPs 1787:1806 the as-prepared CSPs in different eluents 1787:1827 Separation performances achieved on the as-prepared CSPs in different eluents were found to be even superior to CDMPC- and ADMPC-based CSPs for the tested chiral compounds. 26931425 5 89 from eluents 1544:1550 arg1 problem 1451:1457 the problem 1447:1457 the problem of the dissolution and high swelling of traditional coated-type CSPs in some unusual eluents 1447:1550 Therefore, the application of the resultant CSPs could address the problem of the dissolution and high swelling of traditional coated-type CSPs in some unusual eluents, broadening the possibility of eluent choice. 26931425 8 90 theme chiral 2062:2067 arg1 ability 2081:2087 excellent chiral recognition ability 2052:2087 excellent chiral recognition ability 2052:2087 In summary, we could safely draw the conclusion that the CSPs derived from chitosan isobutyrylamide derivatives were capable of excellent chiral recognition ability, and meanwhile possessed satisfactory eluent tolerance in a wider range of solvents. 26931425 4 91 theme ethyl 1070:1074 arg1 chloroform 1051:1060 chloroform 1051:1060 chloroform (100%) 1051:1067 As a typical example, the eluent tolerance of the prepared CSP with the best enantioseparation ability was investigated in detail, and the results revealed that the CSP exhibited extraordinary solvent tolerance and could still work without significant loss in enantioseparation capability after being flushed with chloroform (100%), ethyl acetate (100%) and even THF/n-hexane (70/30, v/v), while the traditional coated-type CSPs based on the cellulose and amylose derivatives, such as cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) and amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC), might be dissolved or highly swollen in these eluents. 26931425 4 91 theme ethyl 1070:1074 arg1 acetate 1076:1082 ethyl acetate 1070:1082 ethyl acetate (100%) and even THF/n-hexane (70/30, v/v) 1070:1124 As a typical example, the eluent tolerance of the prepared CSP with the best enantioseparation ability was investigated in detail, and the results revealed that the CSP exhibited extraordinary solvent tolerance and could still work without significant loss in enantioseparation capability after being flushed with chloroform (100%), ethyl acetate (100%) and even THF/n-hexane (70/30, v/v), while the traditional coated-type CSPs based on the cellulose and amylose derivatives, such as cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) and amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC), might be dissolved or highly swollen in these eluents. 26931425 4 91 theme ethyl 1070:1074 arg1 % 1088:1088 100% 1085:1088 100% 1085:1088 As a typical example, the eluent tolerance of the prepared CSP with the best enantioseparation ability was investigated in detail, and the results revealed that the CSP exhibited extraordinary solvent tolerance and could still work without significant loss in enantioseparation capability after being flushed with chloroform (100%), ethyl acetate (100%) and even THF/n-hexane (70/30, v/v), while the traditional coated-type CSPs based on the cellulose and amylose derivatives, such as cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) and amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC), might be dissolved or highly swollen in these eluents. 26931425 4 91 theme ethyl 1070:1074 arg1 70/30 1114:1118 70/30 1114:1118 70/30 1114:1118 As a typical example, the eluent tolerance of the prepared CSP with the best enantioseparation ability was investigated in detail, and the results revealed that the CSP exhibited extraordinary solvent tolerance and could still work without significant loss in enantioseparation capability after being flushed with chloroform (100%), ethyl acetate (100%) and even THF/n-hexane (70/30, v/v), while the traditional coated-type CSPs based on the cellulose and amylose derivatives, such as cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) and amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC), might be dissolved or highly swollen in these eluents. 26931425 3 92 theme eluent 678:683 arg1 composition 685:695 the eluent composition 674:695 the eluent composition 674:695 It was observed that the chiral recognition abilities of these coated-type CSPs depended very much on the substituents on the phenyl moieties of the chitosan derivatives, the eluent composition, as well as the structure of racemates. 26931425 3 92 theme eluent 678:683 arg1 moieties 636:643 the phenyl moieties 625:643 the phenyl moieties of the chitosan derivatives 625:671 It was observed that the chiral recognition abilities of these coated-type CSPs depended very much on the substituents on the phenyl moieties of the chitosan derivatives, the eluent composition, as well as the structure of racemates. 26931425 4 93 from loss 989:992 arg1 capability 1015:1024 enantioseparation capability 997:1024 enantioseparation capability 997:1024 As a typical example, the eluent tolerance of the prepared CSP with the best enantioseparation ability was investigated in detail, and the results revealed that the CSP exhibited extraordinary solvent tolerance and could still work without significant loss in enantioseparation capability after being flushed with chloroform (100%), ethyl acetate (100%) and even THF/n-hexane (70/30, v/v), while the traditional coated-type CSPs based on the cellulose and amylose derivatives, such as cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) and amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC), might be dissolved or highly swollen in these eluents. 26931425 7 94 theme Separation 1751:1760 arg1 performances 1762:1773 Separation performances 1751:1773 Separation performances achieved on the as-prepared CSPs in different eluents 1751:1827 Separation performances achieved on the as-prepared CSPs in different eluents were found to be even superior to CDMPC- and ADMPC-based CSPs for the tested chiral compounds. 26931425 8 95 theme ability 2081:2087 arg1 capable 2041:2047 capable 2041:2047 capable 2041:2047 In summary, we could safely draw the conclusion that the CSPs derived from chitosan isobutyrylamide derivatives were capable of excellent chiral recognition ability, and meanwhile possessed satisfactory eluent tolerance in a wider range of solvents. 26931425 8 95 theme ability 2081:2087 arg1 CSPs 1981:1984 the CSPs 1977:1984 the CSPs derived from chitosan isobutyrylamide derivatives 1977:2034 In summary, we could safely draw the conclusion that the CSPs derived from chitosan isobutyrylamide derivatives were capable of excellent chiral recognition ability, and meanwhile possessed satisfactory eluent tolerance in a wider range of solvents. 26931425 4 96 theme CSP 796:798 arg1 example 750:756 a typical example 740:756 a typical example 740:756 As a typical example, the eluent tolerance of the prepared CSP with the best enantioseparation ability was investigated in detail, and the results revealed that the CSP exhibited extraordinary solvent tolerance and could still work without significant loss in enantioseparation capability after being flushed with chloroform (100%), ethyl acetate (100%) and even THF/n-hexane (70/30, v/v), while the traditional coated-type CSPs based on the cellulose and amylose derivatives, such as cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) and amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC), might be dissolved or highly swollen in these eluents. 26931425 4 96 theme CSP 796:798 arg1 tolerance 770:778 the eluent tolerance 759:778 the eluent tolerance of the prepared CSP with the best enantioseparation ability 759:838 As a typical example, the eluent tolerance of the prepared CSP with the best enantioseparation ability was investigated in detail, and the results revealed that the CSP exhibited extraordinary solvent tolerance and could still work without significant loss in enantioseparation capability after being flushed with chloroform (100%), ethyl acetate (100%) and even THF/n-hexane (70/30, v/v), while the traditional coated-type CSPs based on the cellulose and amylose derivatives, such as cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) and amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC), might be dissolved or highly swollen in these eluents. 26275147 7 0 theme IL 1094:1095 arg1 communities 1117:1127 the IL and AC lactobacilli communities 1090:1127 the IL and AC lactobacilli communities 1090:1127 Culture-dependent analysis of the IL and AC lactobacilli communities of FORM and F+GP revealed a Lactobacillus spp. 26275147 2 1 theme reference 523:531 arg1 group 533:537 a sow-reared (SOW, n = 12) reference group 496:537 a sow-reared (SOW, n = 12) reference group for 19 days 496:549 In this study, neonatal piglets were randomized to: formula (FORM, n = 8), formula supplemented with 2 g/L each galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and polydextrose (PDX, F+GP, n = 9) or a sow-reared (SOW, n = 12) reference group for 19 days. 26275147 2 1 theme reference 523:531 arg1 n 515:515 SOW, n = 12 510:520 n 515:515 In this study, neonatal piglets were randomized to: formula (FORM, n = 8), formula supplemented with 2 g/L each galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and polydextrose (PDX, F+GP, n = 9) or a sow-reared (SOW, n = 12) reference group for 19 days. 26275147 1 2 theme formula 195:201 arg1 supplementation 169:183 prebiotic supplementation 159:183 prebiotic supplementation of infant formula 159:201 Recently, prebiotic supplementation of infant formula has become common practice; however the impact on the intestinal microbiota has not been completely elucidated. 26275147 11 3 from different 1590:1598 arg1 addition 1416:1423 addition 1416:1423 addition 1416:1423 In addition, the ability of lactobacilli isolates to ferment the longer chain GOS fragments (DP 3 or greater), which are expected to be present in the distal intestine, was not different between FORM and F+GP. 26275147 12 4 theme direct 1712:1717 arg1 utilization 1719:1729 direct utilization 1712:1729 direct utilization of GOS or PDX 1712:1743 In conclusion, prebiotic supplementation of formula impacted the AC microbiota; however, direct utilization of GOS or PDX does not lead to an increase in Lactobacillus spp. 26275147 10 5 theme lactobacilli 1345:1356 arg1 isolates 1358:1365 lactobacilli isolates 1345:1365 lactobacilli isolates 1345:1365 Conversely, a majority of lactobacilli isolates could ferment GOS, regardless of piglet diet. 26275147 6 6 theme AC 992:993 arg1 Lactobacillus 995:1007 AC Lactobacillus 992:1007 AC Lactobacillus 992:1007 In particular, the relative abundance of AC Lactobacillus was higher (P = 0.04) in F+GP as compared to FORM. 26275147 11 7 theme longer 1478:1483 arg1 DP 1506:1507 DP 3 or greater 1506:1520 DP 3 or greater 1506:1520 In addition, the ability of lactobacilli isolates to ferment the longer chain GOS fragments (DP 3 or greater), which are expected to be present in the distal intestine, was not different between FORM and F+GP. 26275147 11 7 theme longer 1478:1483 arg1 fragments 1495:1503 the longer chain GOS fragments 1474:1503 the longer chain GOS fragments (DP 3 or greater) 1474:1521 In addition, the ability of lactobacilli isolates to ferment the longer chain GOS fragments (DP 3 or greater), which are expected to be present in the distal intestine, was not different between FORM and F+GP. 26275147 10 8 theme isolates 1358:1365 arg1 majority 1333:1340 a majority 1331:1340 a majority of lactobacilli isolates 1331:1365 Conversely, a majority of lactobacilli isolates could ferment GOS, regardless of piglet diet. 26275147 0 9 theme Neonatal 132:139 arg1 Piglet 141:146 the Neonatal Piglet 128:146 the Neonatal Piglet 128:146 Characterization of the Intestinal Lactobacilli Community following Galactooligosaccharides and Polydextrose Supplementation in the Neonatal Piglet. 26275147 11 10 theme lactobacilli 1441:1452 arg1 isolates 1454:1461 lactobacilli isolates 1441:1461 lactobacilli isolates 1441:1461 In addition, the ability of lactobacilli isolates to ferment the longer chain GOS fragments (DP 3 or greater), which are expected to be present in the distal intestine, was not different between FORM and F+GP. 26275147 2 11 dep FORM 376:379 arg1 n 382:382 n = 8 382:386 n = 8 382:386 In this study, neonatal piglets were randomized to: formula (FORM, n = 8), formula supplemented with 2 g/L each galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and polydextrose (PDX, F+GP, n = 9) or a sow-reared (SOW, n = 12) reference group for 19 days. 26275147 2 12 theme = 488:488 arg1 n 486:486 n = 9 486:490 n = 9 486:490 In this study, neonatal piglets were randomized to: formula (FORM, n = 8), formula supplemented with 2 g/L each galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and polydextrose (PDX, F+GP, n = 9) or a sow-reared (SOW, n = 12) reference group for 19 days. 26275147 2 13 theme = 517:517 arg1 group 533:537 a sow-reared (SOW, n = 12) reference group 496:537 a sow-reared (SOW, n = 12) reference group for 19 days 496:549 In this study, neonatal piglets were randomized to: formula (FORM, n = 8), formula supplemented with 2 g/L each galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and polydextrose (PDX, F+GP, n = 9) or a sow-reared (SOW, n = 12) reference group for 19 days. 26275147 2 13 theme = 517:517 arg1 n 515:515 SOW, n = 12 510:520 n 515:515 In this study, neonatal piglets were randomized to: formula (FORM, n = 8), formula supplemented with 2 g/L each galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and polydextrose (PDX, F+GP, n = 9) or a sow-reared (SOW, n = 12) reference group for 19 days. 26275147 6 14 theme Lactobacillus 995:1007 arg1 higher 1013:1018 higher 1013:1018 higher 1013:1018 In particular, the relative abundance of AC Lactobacillus was higher (P = 0.04) in F+GP as compared to FORM. 26275147 6 14 theme Lactobacillus 995:1007 arg1 abundance 979:987 the relative abundance 966:987 the relative abundance of AC Lactobacillus 966:1007 In particular, the relative abundance of AC Lactobacillus was higher (P = 0.04) in F+GP as compared to FORM. 26275147 7 15 theme Culture-dependent 1060:1076 arg1 analysis 1078:1085 Culture-dependent analysis 1060:1085 Culture-dependent analysis of the IL and AC lactobacilli communities of FORM and F+GP 1060:1144 Culture-dependent analysis of the IL and AC lactobacilli communities of FORM and F+GP revealed a Lactobacillus spp. 26275147 12 16 theme PDX 1741:1743 arg1 utilization 1719:1729 direct utilization 1712:1729 direct utilization of GOS or PDX 1712:1743 In conclusion, prebiotic supplementation of formula impacted the AC microbiota; however, direct utilization of GOS or PDX does not lead to an increase in Lactobacillus spp. 26275147 5 17 dep different 808:816 arg1 P<0.05 841:846 P<0.05 841:846 P<0.05 841:846 Interestingly, six genera in the AC were significantly different between FORM and F+GP (P<0.05): Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus, Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Hydrogenoanaerobacterium and Catabacter. 26275147 5 17 dep different 808:816 arg1 Lactobacillus 850:862 Lactobacillus 850:862 Lactobacillus 850:862 Interestingly, six genera in the AC were significantly different between FORM and F+GP (P<0.05): Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus, Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Hydrogenoanaerobacterium and Catabacter. 26275147 5 17 dep different 808:816 arg1 Oscillospira 896:907 Oscillospira 896:907 Oscillospira 896:907 Interestingly, six genera in the AC were significantly different between FORM and F+GP (P<0.05): Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus, Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Hydrogenoanaerobacterium and Catabacter. 26275147 5 17 dep different 808:816 arg1 Catabacter 939:948 Catabacter 939:948 Catabacter 939:948 Interestingly, six genera in the AC were significantly different between FORM and F+GP (P<0.05): Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus, Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Hydrogenoanaerobacterium and Catabacter. 26275147 5 17 dep different 808:816 arg1 Hydrogenoanaerobacterium 910:933 Hydrogenoanaerobacterium 910:933 Hydrogenoanaerobacterium 910:933 Interestingly, six genera in the AC were significantly different between FORM and F+GP (P<0.05): Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus, Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Hydrogenoanaerobacterium and Catabacter. 26275147 12 18 theme formula 1667:1673 arg1 supplementation 1648:1662 prebiotic supplementation 1638:1662 prebiotic supplementation of formula 1638:1673 In conclusion, prebiotic supplementation of formula impacted the AC microbiota; however, direct utilization of GOS or PDX does not lead to an increase in Lactobacillus spp. 26275147 8 19 theme 16S 1199:1201 arg1 sequencing 1212:1221 16S amplicon sequencing 1199:1221 16S amplicon sequencing 1199:1221 composition similar to 16S amplicon sequencing. 26275147 12 20 theme Lactobacillus 1777:1789 arg1 spp 1791:1793 Lactobacillus spp 1777:1793 Lactobacillus spp 1777:1793 In conclusion, prebiotic supplementation of formula impacted the AC microbiota; however, direct utilization of GOS or PDX does not lead to an increase in Lactobacillus spp. 26275147 4 21 theme amplicon 676:683 arg1 sequencing 685:694 16S amplicon sequencing 672:694 16S amplicon sequencing 672:694 16S amplicon sequencing identified no differences at the genera level in the IL. 26275147 1 22 theme common 214:219 arg1 practice 221:228 common practice 214:228 common practice 214:228 Recently, prebiotic supplementation of infant formula has become common practice; however the impact on the intestinal microbiota has not been completely elucidated. 26275147 7 23 theme AC 1101:1102 arg1 lactobacilli 1104:1115 AC lactobacilli 1101:1115 AC lactobacilli 1101:1115 Culture-dependent analysis of the IL and AC lactobacilli communities of FORM and F+GP revealed a Lactobacillus spp. 26275147 6 24 theme relative 970:977 arg1 higher 1013:1018 higher 1013:1018 higher 1013:1018 In particular, the relative abundance of AC Lactobacillus was higher (P = 0.04) in F+GP as compared to FORM. 26275147 6 24 theme relative 970:977 arg1 abundance 979:987 the relative abundance 966:987 the relative abundance of AC Lactobacillus 966:1007 In particular, the relative abundance of AC Lactobacillus was higher (P = 0.04) in F+GP as compared to FORM. 26275147 12 25 theme GOS 1734:1736 arg1 utilization 1719:1729 direct utilization 1712:1729 direct utilization of GOS or PDX 1712:1743 In conclusion, prebiotic supplementation of formula impacted the AC microbiota; however, direct utilization of GOS or PDX does not lead to an increase in Lactobacillus spp. 26275147 3 26 theme -independent 650:661 arg1 methods 663:669 culture-dependent and -independent methods 628:669 culture-dependent and -independent methods 628:669 The ileal (IL) and ascending colon (AC) microbiota were characterized using culture-dependent and -independent methods. 26275147 11 27 theme isolates 1454:1461 arg1 different 1590:1598 different 1590:1598 different 1590:1598 In addition, the ability of lactobacilli isolates to ferment the longer chain GOS fragments (DP 3 or greater), which are expected to be present in the distal intestine, was not different between FORM and F+GP. 26275147 11 27 theme isolates 1454:1461 arg1 ability 1430:1436 the ability 1426:1436 the ability 1426:1436 In addition, the ability of lactobacilli isolates to ferment the longer chain GOS fragments (DP 3 or greater), which are expected to be present in the distal intestine, was not different between FORM and F+GP. 26275147 11 27 theme isolates 1454:1461 arg1 present 1549:1555 present 1549:1555 present 1549:1555 In addition, the ability of lactobacilli isolates to ferment the longer chain GOS fragments (DP 3 or greater), which are expected to be present in the distal intestine, was not different between FORM and F+GP. 26275147 2 28 dep randomized 352:361 arg1 galactooligosaccharides 427:449 each galactooligosaccharides 422:449 each galactooligosaccharides (GOS) 422:455 In this study, neonatal piglets were randomized to: formula (FORM, n = 8), formula supplemented with 2 g/L each galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and polydextrose (PDX, F+GP, n = 9) or a sow-reared (SOW, n = 12) reference group for 19 days. 26275147 2 28 dep randomized 352:361 arg1 FORM 376:379 FORM 376:379 FORM 376:379 In this study, neonatal piglets were randomized to: formula (FORM, n = 8), formula supplemented with 2 g/L each galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and polydextrose (PDX, F+GP, n = 9) or a sow-reared (SOW, n = 12) reference group for 19 days. 26275147 2 28 dep randomized 352:361 arg1 PDX 475:477 PDX 475:477 PDX 475:477 In this study, neonatal piglets were randomized to: formula (FORM, n = 8), formula supplemented with 2 g/L each galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and polydextrose (PDX, F+GP, n = 9) or a sow-reared (SOW, n = 12) reference group for 19 days. 26275147 2 28 dep randomized 352:361 arg1 group 533:537 a sow-reared (SOW, n = 12) reference group 496:537 a sow-reared (SOW, n = 12) reference group for 19 days 496:549 In this study, neonatal piglets were randomized to: formula (FORM, n = 8), formula supplemented with 2 g/L each galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and polydextrose (PDX, F+GP, n = 9) or a sow-reared (SOW, n = 12) reference group for 19 days. 26275147 2 28 dep randomized 352:361 arg1 n 515:515 SOW, n = 12 510:520 n 515:515 In this study, neonatal piglets were randomized to: formula (FORM, n = 8), formula supplemented with 2 g/L each galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and polydextrose (PDX, F+GP, n = 9) or a sow-reared (SOW, n = 12) reference group for 19 days. 26275147 2 28 dep randomized 352:361 arg1 formula 390:396 formula 390:396 formula supplemented with 2 g/L each galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and polydextrose (PDX, F+GP, n = 9) 390:491 In this study, neonatal piglets were randomized to: formula (FORM, n = 8), formula supplemented with 2 g/L each galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and polydextrose (PDX, F+GP, n = 9) or a sow-reared (SOW, n = 12) reference group for 19 days. 26275147 2 28 dep randomized 352:361 arg1 formula 367:373 formula 367:373 formula (FORM, n = 8) 367:387 In this study, neonatal piglets were randomized to: formula (FORM, n = 8), formula supplemented with 2 g/L each galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and polydextrose (PDX, F+GP, n = 9) or a sow-reared (SOW, n = 12) reference group for 19 days. 26275147 2 28 dep randomized 352:361 arg1 polydextrose 461:472 polydextrose 461:472 polydextrose 461:472 In this study, neonatal piglets were randomized to: formula (FORM, n = 8), formula supplemented with 2 g/L each galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and polydextrose (PDX, F+GP, n = 9) or a sow-reared (SOW, n = 12) reference group for 19 days. 26275147 2 29 theme = 384:384 arg1 n 382:382 n = 8 382:386 n = 8 382:386 In this study, neonatal piglets were randomized to: formula (FORM, n = 8), formula supplemented with 2 g/L each galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and polydextrose (PDX, F+GP, n = 9) or a sow-reared (SOW, n = 12) reference group for 19 days. 26275147 0 30 theme Intestinal 24:33 arg1 Community 48:56 the Intestinal Lactobacilli Community 20:56 the Intestinal Lactobacilli Community 20:56 Characterization of the Intestinal Lactobacilli Community following Galactooligosaccharides and Polydextrose Supplementation in the Neonatal Piglet. 26275147 9 31 theme Additional 1224:1233 arg1 analysis 1235:1242 Additional analysis 1224:1242 Additional analysis 1224:1242 Additional analysis demonstrated individual Lactobacillus isolates were unable to ferment PDX. 26275147 2 32 theme sow-reared 498:507 arg1 group 533:537 a sow-reared (SOW, n = 12) reference group 496:537 a sow-reared (SOW, n = 12) reference group for 19 days 496:549 In this study, neonatal piglets were randomized to: formula (FORM, n = 8), formula supplemented with 2 g/L each galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and polydextrose (PDX, F+GP, n = 9) or a sow-reared (SOW, n = 12) reference group for 19 days. 26275147 2 32 theme sow-reared 498:507 arg1 n 515:515 SOW, n = 12 510:520 n 515:515 In this study, neonatal piglets were randomized to: formula (FORM, n = 8), formula supplemented with 2 g/L each galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and polydextrose (PDX, F+GP, n = 9) or a sow-reared (SOW, n = 12) reference group for 19 days. 26275147 2 33 theme neonatal 330:337 arg1 piglets 339:345 neonatal piglets 330:345 neonatal piglets 330:345 In this study, neonatal piglets were randomized to: formula (FORM, n = 8), formula supplemented with 2 g/L each galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and polydextrose (PDX, F+GP, n = 9) or a sow-reared (SOW, n = 12) reference group for 19 days. 26275147 12 34 theme AC 1688:1689 arg1 microbiota 1691:1700 the AC microbiota 1684:1700 the AC microbiota 1684:1700 In conclusion, prebiotic supplementation of formula impacted the AC microbiota; however, direct utilization of GOS or PDX does not lead to an increase in Lactobacillus spp. 26275147 3 35 theme culture-dependent 628:644 arg1 methods 663:669 culture-dependent and -independent methods 628:669 culture-dependent and -independent methods 628:669 The ileal (IL) and ascending colon (AC) microbiota were characterized using culture-dependent and -independent methods. 26275147 10 36 theme piglet 1400:1405 arg1 diet 1407:1410 piglet diet 1400:1410 piglet diet 1400:1410 Conversely, a majority of lactobacilli isolates could ferment GOS, regardless of piglet diet. 26275147 8 37 theme amplicon 1203:1210 arg1 sequencing 1212:1221 16S amplicon sequencing 1199:1221 16S amplicon sequencing 1199:1221 composition similar to 16S amplicon sequencing. 26275147 5 38 dep Oscillospira 896:907 arg1 Parabacteroides 879:893 Parabacteroides 879:893 Parabacteroides 879:893 Interestingly, six genera in the AC were significantly different between FORM and F+GP (P<0.05): Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus, Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Hydrogenoanaerobacterium and Catabacter. 26275147 0 39 theme Community 48:56 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of the Intestinal Lactobacilli Community 0:56 Characterization of the Intestinal Lactobacilli Community following Galactooligosaccharides and Polydextrose Supplementation in the Neonatal Piglet. 26275147 11 40 theme distal 1564:1569 arg1 intestine 1571:1579 the distal intestine 1560:1579 the distal intestine 1560:1579 In addition, the ability of lactobacilli isolates to ferment the longer chain GOS fragments (DP 3 or greater), which are expected to be present in the distal intestine, was not different between FORM and F+GP. 26275147 0 41 from Supplementation 109:123 arg1 Piglet 141:146 the Neonatal Piglet 128:146 the Neonatal Piglet 128:146 Characterization of the Intestinal Lactobacilli Community following Galactooligosaccharides and Polydextrose Supplementation in the Neonatal Piglet. 26275147 4 42 theme genera 729:734 arg1 level 736:740 the genera level 725:740 the genera level in the IL 725:750 16S amplicon sequencing identified no differences at the genera level in the IL. 26275147 11 43 attach present 1549:1555 arg2 different 1590:1598 different 1590:1598 different 1590:1598 In addition, the ability of lactobacilli isolates to ferment the longer chain GOS fragments (DP 3 or greater), which are expected to be present in the distal intestine, was not different between FORM and F+GP. 26275147 11 43 attach present 1549:1555 arg1 intestine 1571:1579 the distal intestine 1560:1579 the distal intestine 1560:1579 In addition, the ability of lactobacilli isolates to ferment the longer chain GOS fragments (DP 3 or greater), which are expected to be present in the distal intestine, was not different between FORM and F+GP. 26275147 11 43 attach present 1549:1555 arg2 ability 1430:1436 the ability 1426:1436 the ability 1426:1436 In addition, the ability of lactobacilli isolates to ferment the longer chain GOS fragments (DP 3 or greater), which are expected to be present in the distal intestine, was not different between FORM and F+GP. 26275147 11 43 attach present 1549:1555 arg2 present 1549:1555 present 1549:1555 present 1549:1555 In addition, the ability of lactobacilli isolates to ferment the longer chain GOS fragments (DP 3 or greater), which are expected to be present in the distal intestine, was not different between FORM and F+GP. 26275147 0 44 theme Lactobacilli 35:46 arg1 Community 48:56 the Intestinal Lactobacilli Community 20:56 the Intestinal Lactobacilli Community 20:56 Characterization of the Intestinal Lactobacilli Community following Galactooligosaccharides and Polydextrose Supplementation in the Neonatal Piglet. 26275147 9 45 theme individual 1257:1266 arg1 isolates 1282:1289 individual Lactobacillus isolates 1257:1289 individual Lactobacillus isolates were unable to ferment PDX 1257:1316 Additional analysis demonstrated individual Lactobacillus isolates were unable to ferment PDX. 26275147 2 46 dep formula 390:396 arg1 galactooligosaccharides 427:449 each galactooligosaccharides 422:449 each galactooligosaccharides (GOS) 422:455 In this study, neonatal piglets were randomized to: formula (FORM, n = 8), formula supplemented with 2 g/L each galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and polydextrose (PDX, F+GP, n = 9) or a sow-reared (SOW, n = 12) reference group for 19 days. 26275147 2 46 dep formula 390:396 arg1 formula 390:396 formula 390:396 formula supplemented with 2 g/L each galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and polydextrose (PDX, F+GP, n = 9) 390:491 In this study, neonatal piglets were randomized to: formula (FORM, n = 8), formula supplemented with 2 g/L each galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and polydextrose (PDX, F+GP, n = 9) or a sow-reared (SOW, n = 12) reference group for 19 days. 26275147 2 46 dep formula 390:396 arg1 GOS 452:454 GOS 452:454 GOS 452:454 In this study, neonatal piglets were randomized to: formula (FORM, n = 8), formula supplemented with 2 g/L each galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and polydextrose (PDX, F+GP, n = 9) or a sow-reared (SOW, n = 12) reference group for 19 days. 26275147 2 46 dep formula 390:396 arg1 polydextrose 461:472 polydextrose 461:472 polydextrose 461:472 In this study, neonatal piglets were randomized to: formula (FORM, n = 8), formula supplemented with 2 g/L each galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and polydextrose (PDX, F+GP, n = 9) or a sow-reared (SOW, n = 12) reference group for 19 days. 26275147 1 47 from impact 243:248 arg1 microbiota 268:277 the intestinal microbiota 253:277 the intestinal microbiota 253:277 Recently, prebiotic supplementation of infant formula has become common practice; however the impact on the intestinal microbiota has not been completely elucidated. 26275147 11 48 from addition 1416:1423 arg1 different 1590:1598 different 1590:1598 different 1590:1598 In addition, the ability of lactobacilli isolates to ferment the longer chain GOS fragments (DP 3 or greater), which are expected to be present in the distal intestine, was not different between FORM and F+GP. 26275147 11 48 from addition 1416:1423 arg1 ability 1430:1436 the ability 1426:1436 the ability 1426:1436 In addition, the ability of lactobacilli isolates to ferment the longer chain GOS fragments (DP 3 or greater), which are expected to be present in the distal intestine, was not different between FORM and F+GP. 26275147 11 48 from addition 1416:1423 arg1 present 1549:1555 present 1549:1555 present 1549:1555 In addition, the ability of lactobacilli isolates to ferment the longer chain GOS fragments (DP 3 or greater), which are expected to be present in the distal intestine, was not different between FORM and F+GP. 26275147 0 49 theme Galactooligosaccharides 68:90 arg1 Supplementation 109:123 Galactooligosaccharides and Polydextrose Supplementation 68:123 Galactooligosaccharides and Polydextrose Supplementation in the Neonatal Piglet 68:146 Characterization of the Intestinal Lactobacilli Community following Galactooligosaccharides and Polydextrose Supplementation in the Neonatal Piglet. 26275147 9 50 theme Lactobacillus 1268:1280 arg1 isolates 1282:1289 individual Lactobacillus isolates 1257:1289 individual Lactobacillus isolates were unable to ferment PDX 1257:1316 Additional analysis demonstrated individual Lactobacillus isolates were unable to ferment PDX. 26275147 2 51 dep PDX 475:477 arg1 n 486:486 n = 9 486:490 n = 9 486:490 In this study, neonatal piglets were randomized to: formula (FORM, n = 8), formula supplemented with 2 g/L each galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and polydextrose (PDX, F+GP, n = 9) or a sow-reared (SOW, n = 12) reference group for 19 days. 26275147 6 52 dep higher 1013:1018 arg1 = 1023:1023 = 1023:1023 = 1023:1023 In particular, the relative abundance of AC Lactobacillus was higher (P = 0.04) in F+GP as compared to FORM. 26275147 4 53 from level 736:740 arg1 IL 749:750 the IL 745:750 the IL 745:750 16S amplicon sequencing identified no differences at the genera level in the IL. 26275147 11 54 from present 1549:1555 arg1 intestine 1571:1579 the distal intestine 1560:1579 the distal intestine 1560:1579 In addition, the ability of lactobacilli isolates to ferment the longer chain GOS fragments (DP 3 or greater), which are expected to be present in the distal intestine, was not different between FORM and F+GP. 26275147 11 55 theme GOS 1491:1493 arg1 DP 1506:1507 DP 3 or greater 1506:1520 DP 3 or greater 1506:1520 In addition, the ability of lactobacilli isolates to ferment the longer chain GOS fragments (DP 3 or greater), which are expected to be present in the distal intestine, was not different between FORM and F+GP. 26275147 11 55 theme GOS 1491:1493 arg1 fragments 1495:1503 the longer chain GOS fragments 1474:1503 the longer chain GOS fragments (DP 3 or greater) 1474:1521 In addition, the ability of lactobacilli isolates to ferment the longer chain GOS fragments (DP 3 or greater), which are expected to be present in the distal intestine, was not different between FORM and F+GP. 26275147 7 56 theme Lactobacillus 1157:1169 arg1 spp 1171:1173 a Lactobacillus spp 1155:1173 a Lactobacillus spp 1155:1173 Culture-dependent analysis of the IL and AC lactobacilli communities of FORM and F+GP revealed a Lactobacillus spp. 26275147 12 57 theme prebiotic 1638:1646 arg1 supplementation 1648:1662 prebiotic supplementation 1638:1662 prebiotic supplementation of formula 1638:1673 In conclusion, prebiotic supplementation of formula impacted the AC microbiota; however, direct utilization of GOS or PDX does not lead to an increase in Lactobacillus spp. 26275147 2 58 theme SOW 510:512 arg1 group 533:537 a sow-reared (SOW, n = 12) reference group 496:537 a sow-reared (SOW, n = 12) reference group for 19 days 496:549 In this study, neonatal piglets were randomized to: formula (FORM, n = 8), formula supplemented with 2 g/L each galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and polydextrose (PDX, F+GP, n = 9) or a sow-reared (SOW, n = 12) reference group for 19 days. 26275147 2 58 theme SOW 510:512 arg1 n 515:515 SOW, n = 12 510:520 n 515:515 In this study, neonatal piglets were randomized to: formula (FORM, n = 8), formula supplemented with 2 g/L each galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and polydextrose (PDX, F+GP, n = 9) or a sow-reared (SOW, n = 12) reference group for 19 days. 26275147 3 59 theme ascending 571:579 arg1 AC 588:589 AC 588:589 AC 588:589 The ileal (IL) and ascending colon (AC) microbiota were characterized using culture-dependent and -independent methods. 26275147 3 59 theme ascending 571:579 arg1 colon 581:585 ascending colon 571:585 ascending colon (AC) 571:590 The ileal (IL) and ascending colon (AC) microbiota were characterized using culture-dependent and -independent methods. 26275147 11 60 located present 1549:1555 arg2 different 1590:1598 different 1590:1598 different 1590:1598 In addition, the ability of lactobacilli isolates to ferment the longer chain GOS fragments (DP 3 or greater), which are expected to be present in the distal intestine, was not different between FORM and F+GP. 26275147 11 60 located present 1549:1555 arg2 ability 1430:1436 the ability 1426:1436 the ability 1426:1436 In addition, the ability of lactobacilli isolates to ferment the longer chain GOS fragments (DP 3 or greater), which are expected to be present in the distal intestine, was not different between FORM and F+GP. 26275147 11 60 located present 1549:1555 arg1 intestine 1571:1579 the distal intestine 1560:1579 the distal intestine 1560:1579 In addition, the ability of lactobacilli isolates to ferment the longer chain GOS fragments (DP 3 or greater), which are expected to be present in the distal intestine, was not different between FORM and F+GP. 26275147 11 60 located present 1549:1555 arg2 present 1549:1555 present 1549:1555 present 1549:1555 In addition, the ability of lactobacilli isolates to ferment the longer chain GOS fragments (DP 3 or greater), which are expected to be present in the distal intestine, was not different between FORM and F+GP. 26275147 11 61 theme chain 1485:1489 arg1 DP 1506:1507 DP 3 or greater 1506:1520 DP 3 or greater 1506:1520 In addition, the ability of lactobacilli isolates to ferment the longer chain GOS fragments (DP 3 or greater), which are expected to be present in the distal intestine, was not different between FORM and F+GP. 26275147 11 61 theme chain 1485:1489 arg1 fragments 1495:1503 the longer chain GOS fragments 1474:1503 the longer chain GOS fragments (DP 3 or greater) 1474:1521 In addition, the ability of lactobacilli isolates to ferment the longer chain GOS fragments (DP 3 or greater), which are expected to be present in the distal intestine, was not different between FORM and F+GP. 26275147 1 62 theme prebiotic 159:167 arg1 supplementation 169:183 prebiotic supplementation 159:183 prebiotic supplementation of infant formula 159:201 Recently, prebiotic supplementation of infant formula has become common practice; however the impact on the intestinal microbiota has not been completely elucidated. 26275147 11 63 dep ability 1430:1436 arg1 ferment 1466:1472 ferment 1466:1472 to ferment the longer chain GOS fragments (DP 3 or greater) 1463:1521 In addition, the ability of lactobacilli isolates to ferment the longer chain GOS fragments (DP 3 or greater), which are expected to be present in the distal intestine, was not different between FORM and F+GP. 26275147 12 64 from increase 1765:1772 arg1 spp 1791:1793 Lactobacillus spp 1777:1793 Lactobacillus spp 1777:1793 In conclusion, prebiotic supplementation of formula impacted the AC microbiota; however, direct utilization of GOS or PDX does not lead to an increase in Lactobacillus spp. 26275147 4 65 theme 16S 672:674 arg1 sequencing 685:694 16S amplicon sequencing 672:694 16S amplicon sequencing 672:694 16S amplicon sequencing identified no differences at the genera level in the IL. 26275147 5 66 from genera 772:777 arg1 AC 786:787 the AC 782:787 the AC 782:787 Interestingly, six genera in the AC were significantly different between FORM and F+GP (P<0.05): Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus, Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Hydrogenoanaerobacterium and Catabacter. 26275147 1 67 theme intestinal 257:266 arg1 microbiota 268:277 the intestinal microbiota 253:277 the intestinal microbiota 253:277 Recently, prebiotic supplementation of infant formula has become common practice; however the impact on the intestinal microbiota has not been completely elucidated. 26275147 0 68 theme Polydextrose 96:107 arg1 Supplementation 109:123 Galactooligosaccharides and Polydextrose Supplementation 68:123 Galactooligosaccharides and Polydextrose Supplementation in the Neonatal Piglet 68:146 Characterization of the Intestinal Lactobacilli Community following Galactooligosaccharides and Polydextrose Supplementation in the Neonatal Piglet. 26275147 11 69 from intestine 1571:1579 arg1 different 1590:1598 different 1590:1598 different 1590:1598 In addition, the ability of lactobacilli isolates to ferment the longer chain GOS fragments (DP 3 or greater), which are expected to be present in the distal intestine, was not different between FORM and F+GP. 26275147 11 69 from intestine 1571:1579 arg1 present 1549:1555 present 1549:1555 present 1549:1555 In addition, the ability of lactobacilli isolates to ferment the longer chain GOS fragments (DP 3 or greater), which are expected to be present in the distal intestine, was not different between FORM and F+GP. 26275147 11 69 from intestine 1571:1579 arg1 ability 1430:1436 the ability 1426:1436 the ability 1426:1436 In addition, the ability of lactobacilli isolates to ferment the longer chain GOS fragments (DP 3 or greater), which are expected to be present in the distal intestine, was not different between FORM and F+GP. 26275147 7 70 theme FORM 1132:1135 arg1 analysis 1078:1085 Culture-dependent analysis 1060:1085 Culture-dependent analysis of the IL and AC lactobacilli communities of FORM and F+GP 1060:1144 Culture-dependent analysis of the IL and AC lactobacilli communities of FORM and F+GP revealed a Lactobacillus spp. 26275147 3 71 dep ileal 556:560 arg1 microbiota 592:601 microbiota 592:601 microbiota 592:601 The ileal (IL) and ascending colon (AC) microbiota were characterized using culture-dependent and -independent methods. 26275147 7 72 theme lactobacilli 1104:1115 arg1 communities 1117:1127 the IL and AC lactobacilli communities 1090:1127 the IL and AC lactobacilli communities 1090:1127 Culture-dependent analysis of the IL and AC lactobacilli communities of FORM and F+GP revealed a Lactobacillus spp. 26275147 7 73 theme F+GP 1141:1144 arg1 analysis 1078:1085 Culture-dependent analysis 1060:1085 Culture-dependent analysis of the IL and AC lactobacilli communities of FORM and F+GP 1060:1144 Culture-dependent analysis of the IL and AC lactobacilli communities of FORM and F+GP revealed a Lactobacillus spp. 26275147 1 74 theme infant 188:193 arg1 formula 195:201 infant formula 188:201 infant formula 188:201 Recently, prebiotic supplementation of infant formula has become common practice; however the impact on the intestinal microbiota has not been completely elucidated. 26275147 7 75 theme communities 1117:1127 arg1 analysis 1078:1085 Culture-dependent analysis 1060:1085 Culture-dependent analysis of the IL and AC lactobacilli communities of FORM and F+GP 1060:1144 Culture-dependent analysis of the IL and AC lactobacilli communities of FORM and F+GP revealed a Lactobacillus spp. 25196744 5 0 from Changes 691:697 arg1 populations 712:722 bacterial populations 702:722 bacterial populations 702:722 Changes in bacterial populations were monitored using fluorescent in situ hybridisation and SCFA concentrations were analysed by HPLC. 25196744 12 1 theme maximal 1511:1517 arg1 production 1523:1532 maximal gas production 1511:1532 maximal gas production 1511:1532 Lower total gas production and shorter time to attain maximal gas production were observed during the fermentation of the linear 1 kDa dextran than during the fermentation of the other dextrans. 25196744 11 2 theme inulin 1449:1454 arg1 fermentation 1433:1444 the fermentation 1429:1444 the fermentation of inulin 1429:1454 Gas production rates were similar during the fermentation of all dextrans, but significantly lower than those during the fermentation of inulin. 25196744 6 3 theme total 857:861 arg1 volume 863:868 total volume 857:868 total volume of gas produced 857:884 The rate of gas production and total volume of gas produced were also determined. 25196744 12 4 theme gas 1469:1471 arg1 production 1473:1482 Lower total gas production 1457:1482 Lower total gas production 1457:1482 Lower total gas production and shorter time to attain maximal gas production were observed during the fermentation of the linear 1 kDa dextran than during the fermentation of the other dextrans. 25196744 4 5 theme faecal 616:621 arg1 microbiota 623:632 the faecal microbiota 612:632 the faecal microbiota of healthy obese adults in pH-controlled batch cultures 612:688 Dextrans of various molecular weights and degrees of branching were fermented with the faecal microbiota of healthy obese adults in pH-controlled batch cultures. 25196744 6 6 theme production 842:851 arg1 rate 830:833 The rate 826:833 The rate of gas production 826:851 The rate of gas production and total volume of gas produced were also determined. 25196744 6 6 theme production 842:851 arg1 volume 863:868 total volume 857:868 total volume of gas produced 857:884 The rate of gas production and total volume of gas produced were also determined. 25196744 13 7 theme bifidobacteria 1668:1681 arg1 efficacy 1656:1663 The efficacy 1652:1663 The efficacy of bifidobacteria to ferment dextrans 1652:1701 The efficacy of bifidobacteria to ferment dextrans relied on the molecular weight and not on the degree of branching. 25196744 12 8 theme shorter 1488:1494 arg1 time 1496:1499 shorter time 1488:1499 shorter time to attain maximal gas production 1488:1532 Lower total gas production and shorter time to attain maximal gas production were observed during the fermentation of the linear 1 kDa dextran than during the fermentation of the other dextrans. 25196744 10 9 located observed 1272:1279 arg2 increases 1234:1242 Considerable increases 1221:1242 Considerable increases in SCFA concentrations 1221:1265 Considerable increases in SCFA concentrations were observed in response to all substrates. 25196744 10 9 located observed 1272:1279 arg1 response 1284:1291 response 1284:1291 response to all substrates 1284:1309 Considerable increases in SCFA concentrations were observed in response to all substrates. 25196744 13 10 theme ferment 1686:1692 arg1 dextrans 1694:1701 ferment dextrans 1686:1701 ferment dextrans 1686:1701 The efficacy of bifidobacteria to ferment dextrans relied on the molecular weight and not on the degree of branching. 25196744 2 11 theme non-digestible 315:328 arg1 ingredients 338:348 non-digestible dietary ingredients 315:348 non-digestible dietary ingredients such as prebiotics 315:367 This knowledge generated interest in the use of non-digestible dietary ingredients such as prebiotics to manipulate host energy homeostasis. 25196744 2 11 theme non-digestible 315:328 arg1 prebiotics 358:367 prebiotics 358:367 prebiotics 358:367 This knowledge generated interest in the use of non-digestible dietary ingredients such as prebiotics to manipulate host energy homeostasis. 25196744 12 12 theme Lower 1457:1461 arg1 production 1473:1482 Lower total gas production 1457:1482 Lower total gas production 1457:1482 Lower total gas production and shorter time to attain maximal gas production were observed during the fermentation of the linear 1 kDa dextran than during the fermentation of the other dextrans. 25196744 12 13 dep time 1496:1499 arg1 attain 1504:1509 attain 1504:1509 to attain maximal gas production 1501:1532 Lower total gas production and shorter time to attain maximal gas production were observed during the fermentation of the linear 1 kDa dextran than during the fermentation of the other dextrans. 25196744 5 14 theme fluorescent 745:755 arg1 hybridisation 765:777 fluorescent in situ hybridisation 745:777 fluorescent in situ hybridisation 745:777 Changes in bacterial populations were monitored using fluorescent in situ hybridisation and SCFA concentrations were analysed by HPLC. 25196744 4 15 theme batch 675:679 arg1 cultures 681:688 pH-controlled batch cultures 661:688 pH-controlled batch cultures 661:688 Dextrans of various molecular weights and degrees of branching were fermented with the faecal microbiota of healthy obese adults in pH-controlled batch cultures. 25196744 12 16 theme dextrans 1642:1649 arg1 fermentation 1616:1627 the fermentation 1612:1627 the fermentation of the other dextrans 1612:1649 Lower total gas production and shorter time to attain maximal gas production were observed during the fermentation of the linear 1 kDa dextran than during the fermentation of the other dextrans. 25196744 2 17 from interest 292:299 arg1 use 308:310 the use 304:310 the use of non-digestible dietary ingredients such as prebiotics to manipulate host energy homeostasis 304:405 This knowledge generated interest in the use of non-digestible dietary ingredients such as prebiotics to manipulate host energy homeostasis. 25196744 5 18 dep in 757:758 arg1 situ 760:763 situ 760:763 situ 760:763 Changes in bacterial populations were monitored using fluorescent in situ hybridisation and SCFA concentrations were analysed by HPLC. 25196744 0 19 theme obesity 62:68 arg1 management 70:79 obesity management 62:79 obesity management 62:79 Potential of novel dextran oligosaccharides as prebiotics for obesity management through in vitro experimentation. 25196744 1 20 from ingredients 180:190 arg1 microbiota 156:165 the gut microbiota 148:165 the gut microbiota from dietary ingredients 148:190 The energy-salvaging capacity of the gut microbiota from dietary ingredients has been proposed as a contributing factor for the development of obesity. 25196744 1 20 from ingredients 180:190 arg1 capacity 136:143 The energy-salvaging capacity 115:143 The energy-salvaging capacity of the gut microbiota from dietary ingredients 115:190 The energy-salvaging capacity of the gut microbiota from dietary ingredients has been proposed as a contributing factor for the development of obesity. 25196744 1 20 from ingredients 180:190 arg1 factor 228:233 a contributing factor 213:233 a contributing factor for the development of obesity 213:264 The energy-salvaging capacity of the gut microbiota from dietary ingredients has been proposed as a contributing factor for the development of obesity. 25196744 1 21 theme microbiota 156:165 arg1 capacity 136:143 The energy-salvaging capacity 115:143 The energy-salvaging capacity of the gut microbiota from dietary ingredients 115:190 The energy-salvaging capacity of the gut microbiota from dietary ingredients has been proposed as a contributing factor for the development of obesity. 25196744 1 21 theme microbiota 156:165 arg1 factor 228:233 a contributing factor 213:233 a contributing factor for the development of obesity 213:264 The energy-salvaging capacity of the gut microbiota from dietary ingredients has been proposed as a contributing factor for the development of obesity. 25196744 13 22 theme branching 1759:1767 arg1 degree 1749:1754 the degree 1745:1754 the degree of branching 1745:1767 The efficacy of bifidobacteria to ferment dextrans relied on the molecular weight and not on the degree of branching. 25196744 4 23 from microbiota 623:632 arg1 cultures 681:688 pH-controlled batch cultures 661:688 pH-controlled batch cultures 661:688 Dextrans of various molecular weights and degrees of branching were fermented with the faecal microbiota of healthy obese adults in pH-controlled batch cultures. 25196744 1 24 theme dietary 172:178 arg1 ingredients 180:190 dietary ingredients 172:190 dietary ingredients 172:190 The energy-salvaging capacity of the gut microbiota from dietary ingredients has been proposed as a contributing factor for the development of obesity. 25196744 12 25 theme dextran 1592:1598 arg1 fermentation 1559:1570 the fermentation 1555:1570 the fermentation of the linear 1 kDa dextran 1555:1598 Lower total gas production and shorter time to attain maximal gas production were observed during the fermentation of the linear 1 kDa dextran than during the fermentation of the other dextrans. 25196744 8 26 theme obese 1053:1057 arg1 microbiota 1065:1074 the obese human microbiota 1049:1074 the obese human microbiota 1049:1074 Some of the dextrans were able to alter the composition of the obese human microbiota by increasing the counts of Bacteroides-Prevotella and decreasing those of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Ruminococcus bromii/R. 25196744 7 27 theme bifidobacteria 974:987 arg1 counts 964:969 the counts 960:969 the counts of bifidobacteria 960:987 In general, the novel dextrans and inulin increased the counts of bifidobacteria. 25196744 11 28 theme dextrans 1377:1384 arg1 fermentation 1357:1368 the fermentation 1353:1368 the fermentation of all dextrans 1353:1384 Gas production rates were similar during the fermentation of all dextrans, but significantly lower than those during the fermentation of inulin. 25196744 8 29 theme microbiota 1065:1074 arg1 composition 1034:1044 the composition 1030:1044 the composition of the obese human microbiota 1030:1074 Some of the dextrans were able to alter the composition of the obese human microbiota by increasing the counts of Bacteroides-Prevotella and decreasing those of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Ruminococcus bromii/R. 25196744 3 30 theme in 434:435 arg1 response 443:450 the in vitro response 430:450 the in vitro response of obese human faecal microbiota to novel oligosaccharides 430:509 In the present study, the in vitro response of obese human faecal microbiota to novel oligosaccharides was investigated. 25196744 4 31 theme degrees 571:577 arg1 branching 582:590 degrees of branching 571:590 degrees of branching 571:590 Dextrans of various molecular weights and degrees of branching were fermented with the faecal microbiota of healthy obese adults in pH-controlled batch cultures. 25196744 13 32 theme molecular 1717:1725 arg1 weight 1727:1732 the molecular weight 1713:1732 the molecular weight 1713:1732 The efficacy of bifidobacteria to ferment dextrans relied on the molecular weight and not on the degree of branching. 25196744 3 33 theme faecal 467:472 arg1 microbiota 474:483 obese human faecal microbiota 455:483 obese human faecal microbiota 455:483 In the present study, the in vitro response of obese human faecal microbiota to novel oligosaccharides was investigated. 25196744 0 34 theme novel 13:17 arg1 dextran 19:25 novel dextran 13:25 novel dextran 13:25 Potential of novel dextran oligosaccharides as prebiotics for obesity management through in vitro experimentation. 25196744 14 35 theme human 1853:1857 arg1 fermentations 1866:1878 the obese and lean human faecal fermentations 1834:1878 the obese and lean human faecal fermentations of dextrans 1834:1890 In conclusion, there are no differences in the profiles between the obese and lean human faecal fermentations of dextrans. 25196744 4 36 theme branching 582:590 arg1 Dextrans 529:536 Dextrans 529:536 Dextrans of various molecular weights and degrees of branching 529:590 Dextrans of various molecular weights and degrees of branching were fermented with the faecal microbiota of healthy obese adults in pH-controlled batch cultures. 25196744 3 37 theme obese 455:459 arg1 microbiota 474:483 obese human faecal microbiota 455:483 obese human faecal microbiota 455:483 In the present study, the in vitro response of obese human faecal microbiota to novel oligosaccharides was investigated. 25196744 10 38 theme Considerable 1221:1232 arg1 increases 1234:1242 Considerable increases 1221:1242 Considerable increases in SCFA concentrations 1221:1265 Considerable increases in SCFA concentrations were observed in response to all substrates. 25196744 8 39 theme Bacteroides-Prevotella 1104:1125 arg1 counts 1094:1099 the counts 1090:1099 the counts of Bacteroides-Prevotella 1090:1125 Some of the dextrans were able to alter the composition of the obese human microbiota by increasing the counts of Bacteroides-Prevotella and decreasing those of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Ruminococcus bromii/R. 25196744 12 40 theme 1 kDa 1586:1590 arg1 dextran 1592:1598 the linear 1 kDa dextran 1575:1598 the linear 1 kDa dextran 1575:1598 Lower total gas production and shorter time to attain maximal gas production were observed during the fermentation of the linear 1 kDa dextran than during the fermentation of the other dextrans. 25196744 3 41 theme present 415:421 arg1 study 423:427 the present study 411:427 the present study 411:427 In the present study, the in vitro response of obese human faecal microbiota to novel oligosaccharides was investigated. 25196744 4 42 theme various 541:547 arg1 weights 559:565 various molecular weights 541:565 various molecular weights 541:565 Dextrans of various molecular weights and degrees of branching were fermented with the faecal microbiota of healthy obese adults in pH-controlled batch cultures. 25196744 14 43 from differences 1798:1808 arg1 profiles 1817:1824 the profiles 1813:1824 the profiles 1813:1824 In conclusion, there are no differences in the profiles between the obese and lean human faecal fermentations of dextrans. 25196744 4 44 theme weights 559:565 arg1 Dextrans 529:536 Dextrans 529:536 Dextrans of various molecular weights and degrees of branching 529:590 Dextrans of various molecular weights and degrees of branching were fermented with the faecal microbiota of healthy obese adults in pH-controlled batch cultures. 25196744 11 45 theme Gas 1312:1314 arg1 rates 1327:1331 Gas production rates 1312:1331 Gas production rates 1312:1331 Gas production rates were similar during the fermentation of all dextrans, but significantly lower than those during the fermentation of inulin. 25196744 2 46 theme energy 388:393 arg1 homeostasis 395:405 host energy homeostasis 383:405 host energy homeostasis 383:405 This knowledge generated interest in the use of non-digestible dietary ingredients such as prebiotics to manipulate host energy homeostasis. 25196744 12 47 theme gas 1519:1521 arg1 production 1523:1532 maximal gas production 1511:1532 maximal gas production 1511:1532 Lower total gas production and shorter time to attain maximal gas production were observed during the fermentation of the linear 1 kDa dextran than during the fermentation of the other dextrans. 25196744 4 48 theme healthy 637:643 arg1 adults 651:656 healthy obese adults 637:656 healthy obese adults 637:656 Dextrans of various molecular weights and degrees of branching were fermented with the faecal microbiota of healthy obese adults in pH-controlled batch cultures. 25196744 1 49 theme obesity 258:264 arg1 development 243:253 the development 239:253 the development of obesity 239:264 The energy-salvaging capacity of the gut microbiota from dietary ingredients has been proposed as a contributing factor for the development of obesity. 25196744 8 50 theme Ruminococcus 1184:1195 arg1 bromii/R 1197:1204 Ruminococcus bromii/R 1184:1204 Ruminococcus bromii/R 1184:1204 Some of the dextrans were able to alter the composition of the obese human microbiota by increasing the counts of Bacteroides-Prevotella and decreasing those of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Ruminococcus bromii/R. 25196744 12 51 theme total 1463:1467 arg1 production 1473:1482 Lower total gas production 1457:1482 Lower total gas production 1457:1482 Lower total gas production and shorter time to attain maximal gas production were observed during the fermentation of the linear 1 kDa dextran than during the fermentation of the other dextrans. 25196744 6 52 theme gas 838:840 arg1 production 842:851 gas production 838:851 gas production 838:851 The rate of gas production and total volume of gas produced were also determined. 25196744 2 53 theme dietary 330:336 arg1 ingredients 338:348 non-digestible dietary ingredients 315:348 non-digestible dietary ingredients such as prebiotics 315:367 This knowledge generated interest in the use of non-digestible dietary ingredients such as prebiotics to manipulate host energy homeostasis. 25196744 2 53 theme dietary 330:336 arg1 prebiotics 358:367 prebiotics 358:367 prebiotics 358:367 This knowledge generated interest in the use of non-digestible dietary ingredients such as prebiotics to manipulate host energy homeostasis. 25196744 4 54 theme adults 651:656 arg1 microbiota 623:632 the faecal microbiota 612:632 the faecal microbiota of healthy obese adults in pH-controlled batch cultures 612:688 Dextrans of various molecular weights and degrees of branching were fermented with the faecal microbiota of healthy obese adults in pH-controlled batch cultures. 25196744 5 55 theme in 757:758 arg1 hybridisation 765:777 fluorescent in situ hybridisation 745:777 fluorescent in situ hybridisation 745:777 Changes in bacterial populations were monitored using fluorescent in situ hybridisation and SCFA concentrations were analysed by HPLC. 25196744 1 56 theme contributing 215:226 arg1 capacity 136:143 The energy-salvaging capacity 115:143 The energy-salvaging capacity of the gut microbiota from dietary ingredients 115:190 The energy-salvaging capacity of the gut microbiota from dietary ingredients has been proposed as a contributing factor for the development of obesity. 25196744 1 56 theme contributing 215:226 arg1 factor 228:233 a contributing factor 213:233 a contributing factor for the development of obesity 213:264 The energy-salvaging capacity of the gut microbiota from dietary ingredients has been proposed as a contributing factor for the development of obesity. 25196744 4 57 theme pH-controlled 661:673 arg1 cultures 681:688 pH-controlled batch cultures 661:688 pH-controlled batch cultures 661:688 Dextrans of various molecular weights and degrees of branching were fermented with the faecal microbiota of healthy obese adults in pH-controlled batch cultures. 25196744 5 58 theme bacterial 702:710 arg1 populations 712:722 bacterial populations 702:722 bacterial populations 702:722 Changes in bacterial populations were monitored using fluorescent in situ hybridisation and SCFA concentrations were analysed by HPLC. 25196744 1 59 theme energy-salvaging 119:134 arg1 capacity 136:143 The energy-salvaging capacity 115:143 The energy-salvaging capacity of the gut microbiota from dietary ingredients 115:190 The energy-salvaging capacity of the gut microbiota from dietary ingredients has been proposed as a contributing factor for the development of obesity. 25196744 1 59 theme energy-salvaging 119:134 arg1 factor 228:233 a contributing factor 213:233 a contributing factor for the development of obesity 213:264 The energy-salvaging capacity of the gut microbiota from dietary ingredients has been proposed as a contributing factor for the development of obesity. 25196744 1 60 theme gut 152:154 arg1 microbiota 156:165 the gut microbiota 148:165 the gut microbiota from dietary ingredients 148:190 The energy-salvaging capacity of the gut microbiota from dietary ingredients has been proposed as a contributing factor for the development of obesity. 25196744 12 61 theme other 1636:1640 arg1 dextrans 1642:1649 the other dextrans 1632:1649 the other dextrans 1632:1649 Lower total gas production and shorter time to attain maximal gas production were observed during the fermentation of the linear 1 kDa dextran than during the fermentation of the other dextrans. 25196744 0 62 theme in 89:90 arg1 experimentation 98:112 in vitro experimentation 89:112 in vitro experimentation 89:112 Potential of novel dextran oligosaccharides as prebiotics for obesity management through in vitro experimentation. 25196744 14 63 theme dextrans 1883:1890 arg1 fermentations 1866:1878 the obese and lean human faecal fermentations 1834:1878 the obese and lean human faecal fermentations of dextrans 1834:1890 In conclusion, there are no differences in the profiles between the obese and lean human faecal fermentations of dextrans. 25196744 10 64 from increases 1234:1242 arg1 concentrations 1252:1265 SCFA concentrations 1247:1265 SCFA concentrations 1247:1265 Considerable increases in SCFA concentrations were observed in response to all substrates. 25196744 8 65 theme human 1059:1063 arg1 microbiota 1065:1074 the obese human microbiota 1049:1074 the obese human microbiota 1049:1074 Some of the dextrans were able to alter the composition of the obese human microbiota by increasing the counts of Bacteroides-Prevotella and decreasing those of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Ruminococcus bromii/R. 25196744 2 66 theme ingredients 338:348 arg1 use 308:310 the use 304:310 the use of non-digestible dietary ingredients such as prebiotics to manipulate host energy homeostasis 304:405 This knowledge generated interest in the use of non-digestible dietary ingredients such as prebiotics to manipulate host energy homeostasis. 25196744 5 67 theme SCFA 783:786 arg1 concentrations 788:801 SCFA concentrations 783:801 SCFA concentrations 783:801 Changes in bacterial populations were monitored using fluorescent in situ hybridisation and SCFA concentrations were analysed by HPLC. 25196744 0 68 dep in 89:90 arg1 vitro 92:96 vitro 92:96 vitro 92:96 Potential of novel dextran oligosaccharides as prebiotics for obesity management through in vitro experimentation. 25196744 4 69 theme of 579:580 arg1 branching 582:590 degrees of branching 571:590 degrees of branching 571:590 Dextrans of various molecular weights and degrees of branching were fermented with the faecal microbiota of healthy obese adults in pH-controlled batch cultures. 25196744 0 70 theme dextran 19:25 arg1 Potential 0:8 Potential 0:8 Potential of novel dextran 0:25 Potential of novel dextran oligosaccharides as prebiotics for obesity management through in vitro experimentation. 25196744 14 71 theme faecal 1859:1864 arg1 fermentations 1866:1878 the obese and lean human faecal fermentations 1834:1878 the obese and lean human faecal fermentations of dextrans 1834:1890 In conclusion, there are no differences in the profiles between the obese and lean human faecal fermentations of dextrans. 25196744 1 72 from capacity 136:143 arg1 ingredients 180:190 dietary ingredients 172:190 dietary ingredients 172:190 The energy-salvaging capacity of the gut microbiota from dietary ingredients has been proposed as a contributing factor for the development of obesity. 25196744 3 73 theme microbiota 474:483 arg1 response 443:450 the in vitro response 430:450 the in vitro response of obese human faecal microbiota to novel oligosaccharides 430:509 In the present study, the in vitro response of obese human faecal microbiota to novel oligosaccharides was investigated. 25196744 14 74 theme lean 1848:1851 arg1 fermentations 1866:1878 the obese and lean human faecal fermentations 1834:1878 the obese and lean human faecal fermentations of dextrans 1834:1890 In conclusion, there are no differences in the profiles between the obese and lean human faecal fermentations of dextrans. 25196744 3 75 dep in 434:435 arg1 vitro 437:441 vitro 437:441 vitro 437:441 In the present study, the in vitro response of obese human faecal microbiota to novel oligosaccharides was investigated. 25196744 4 76 theme molecular 549:557 arg1 weights 559:565 various molecular weights 541:565 various molecular weights 541:565 Dextrans of various molecular weights and degrees of branching were fermented with the faecal microbiota of healthy obese adults in pH-controlled batch cultures. 25196744 3 77 theme human 461:465 arg1 microbiota 474:483 obese human faecal microbiota 455:483 obese human faecal microbiota 455:483 In the present study, the in vitro response of obese human faecal microbiota to novel oligosaccharides was investigated. 25196744 14 78 theme obese 1838:1842 arg1 fermentations 1866:1878 the obese and lean human faecal fermentations 1834:1878 the obese and lean human faecal fermentations of dextrans 1834:1890 In conclusion, there are no differences in the profiles between the obese and lean human faecal fermentations of dextrans. 25196744 12 79 theme linear 1579:1584 arg1 dextran 1592:1598 the linear 1 kDa dextran 1575:1598 the linear 1 kDa dextran 1575:1598 Lower total gas production and shorter time to attain maximal gas production were observed during the fermentation of the linear 1 kDa dextran than during the fermentation of the other dextrans. 25196744 8 80 theme Faecalibacterium 1151:1166 arg1 prausnitzii 1168:1178 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii 1151:1178 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii 1151:1178 Some of the dextrans were able to alter the composition of the obese human microbiota by increasing the counts of Bacteroides-Prevotella and decreasing those of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Ruminococcus bromii/R. 25196744 6 81 theme gas 873:875 arg1 rate 830:833 The rate 826:833 The rate of gas production 826:851 The rate of gas production and total volume of gas produced were also determined. 25196744 6 81 theme gas 873:875 arg1 volume 863:868 total volume 857:868 total volume of gas produced 857:884 The rate of gas production and total volume of gas produced were also determined. 25196744 11 82 theme production 1316:1325 arg1 rates 1327:1331 Gas production rates 1312:1331 Gas production rates 1312:1331 Gas production rates were similar during the fermentation of all dextrans, but significantly lower than those during the fermentation of inulin. 25196744 3 83 theme novel 488:492 arg1 oligosaccharides 494:509 novel oligosaccharides 488:509 novel oligosaccharides 488:509 In the present study, the in vitro response of obese human faecal microbiota to novel oligosaccharides was investigated. 25196744 7 84 theme novel 924:928 arg1 dextrans 930:937 the novel dextrans 920:937 the novel dextrans 920:937 In general, the novel dextrans and inulin increased the counts of bifidobacteria. 25196744 10 85 theme SCFA 1247:1250 arg1 concentrations 1252:1265 SCFA concentrations 1247:1265 SCFA concentrations 1247:1265 Considerable increases in SCFA concentrations were observed in response to all substrates. 25196744 4 86 theme obese 645:649 arg1 adults 651:656 healthy obese adults 637:656 healthy obese adults 637:656 Dextrans of various molecular weights and degrees of branching were fermented with the faecal microbiota of healthy obese adults in pH-controlled batch cultures. 25196744 2 87 theme host 383:386 arg1 homeostasis 395:405 host energy homeostasis 383:405 host energy homeostasis 383:405 This knowledge generated interest in the use of non-digestible dietary ingredients such as prebiotics to manipulate host energy homeostasis. 25597431 0 0 theme applications 92:103 arg1 synthesis 10:18 The novel synthesis 0:18 The novel synthesis of magnetically chitosan/carbon nanotube composites and their catalytic applications. 0:104 The novel synthesis of magnetically chitosan/carbon nanotube composites and their catalytic applications. 25597431 5 1 theme process 740:746 arg1 advantages 714:723 The attractive advantages 699:723 The attractive advantages of the present process 699:746 The attractive advantages of the present process include short reaction times, milder and cleaner conditions, higher purity and yields, easy isolation of products, easier work-up procedure and lower generation of waste or pollutions. 25597431 4 2 theme 1,4-dihydropyridines 670:689 arg1 synthesis 657:665 the synthesis 653:665 the synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines (DHPs) 653:696 The CS-MCNT was found to be an excellent heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines (DHPs). 25597431 0 3 theme catalytic 82:90 arg1 applications 92:103 their catalytic applications 76:103 their catalytic applications 76:103 The novel synthesis of magnetically chitosan/carbon nanotube composites and their catalytic applications. 25597431 5 4 theme short 756:760 arg1 times 771:775 short reaction times 756:775 short reaction times 756:775 The attractive advantages of the present process include short reaction times, milder and cleaner conditions, higher purity and yields, easy isolation of products, easier work-up procedure and lower generation of waste or pollutions. 25597431 5 4 theme short 756:760 arg1 procedure 878:886 easier work-up procedure 863:886 easier work-up procedure 863:886 The attractive advantages of the present process include short reaction times, milder and cleaner conditions, higher purity and yields, easy isolation of products, easier work-up procedure and lower generation of waste or pollutions. 25597431 5 4 theme short 756:760 arg1 generation 898:907 lower generation 892:907 lower generation of waste or pollutions 892:930 The attractive advantages of the present process include short reaction times, milder and cleaner conditions, higher purity and yields, easy isolation of products, easier work-up procedure and lower generation of waste or pollutions. 25597431 5 4 theme short 756:760 arg1 isolation 840:848 easy isolation 835:848 easy isolation of products 835:860 The attractive advantages of the present process include short reaction times, milder and cleaner conditions, higher purity and yields, easy isolation of products, easier work-up procedure and lower generation of waste or pollutions. 25597431 5 5 theme easier 863:868 arg1 times 771:775 short reaction times 756:775 short reaction times 756:775 The attractive advantages of the present process include short reaction times, milder and cleaner conditions, higher purity and yields, easy isolation of products, easier work-up procedure and lower generation of waste or pollutions. 25597431 5 5 theme easier 863:868 arg1 procedure 878:886 easier work-up procedure 863:886 easier work-up procedure 863:886 The attractive advantages of the present process include short reaction times, milder and cleaner conditions, higher purity and yields, easy isolation of products, easier work-up procedure and lower generation of waste or pollutions. 25597431 5 6 theme pollutions 921:930 arg1 times 771:775 short reaction times 756:775 short reaction times 756:775 The attractive advantages of the present process include short reaction times, milder and cleaner conditions, higher purity and yields, easy isolation of products, easier work-up procedure and lower generation of waste or pollutions. 25597431 5 6 theme pollutions 921:930 arg1 procedure 878:886 easier work-up procedure 863:886 easier work-up procedure 863:886 The attractive advantages of the present process include short reaction times, milder and cleaner conditions, higher purity and yields, easy isolation of products, easier work-up procedure and lower generation of waste or pollutions. 25597431 5 6 theme pollutions 921:930 arg1 generation 898:907 lower generation 892:907 lower generation of waste or pollutions 892:930 The attractive advantages of the present process include short reaction times, milder and cleaner conditions, higher purity and yields, easy isolation of products, easier work-up procedure and lower generation of waste or pollutions. 25597431 5 6 theme pollutions 921:930 arg1 isolation 840:848 easy isolation 835:848 easy isolation of products 835:860 The attractive advantages of the present process include short reaction times, milder and cleaner conditions, higher purity and yields, easy isolation of products, easier work-up procedure and lower generation of waste or pollutions. 25597431 3 7 theme CNTs-Fe3O4 531:540 arg1 SiO2via 542:548 CNTs-Fe3O4@SiO2via 531:548 CNTs-Fe3O4@SiO2via 531:548 Then, CS-MCNTs were successfully grafted on the surface of CNTs-Fe3O4@SiO2via a suspension cross-linking method. 25597431 5 8 theme attractive 703:712 arg1 advantages 714:723 The attractive advantages 699:723 The attractive advantages of the present process 699:746 The attractive advantages of the present process include short reaction times, milder and cleaner conditions, higher purity and yields, easy isolation of products, easier work-up procedure and lower generation of waste or pollutions. 25597431 7 9 theme advantages 1105:1114 arg1 combination 1086:1096 A combination 1084:1096 A combination of the advantages of CNTs, chitosan and magnetic nanoparticles 1084:1159 A combination of the advantages of CNTs, chitosan and magnetic nanoparticles provides an important methodology for carrying out catalytic transformations. 25597431 6 10 theme significant 1054:1064 arg1 loss 1066:1069 any significant loss 1050:1069 any significant loss of activity 1050:1081 This catalyst was easily separated by an external magnet and the recovered catalyst was reused several times without any significant loss of activity. 25597431 5 11 theme lower 892:896 arg1 times 771:775 short reaction times 756:775 short reaction times 756:775 The attractive advantages of the present process include short reaction times, milder and cleaner conditions, higher purity and yields, easy isolation of products, easier work-up procedure and lower generation of waste or pollutions. 25597431 5 11 theme lower 892:896 arg1 generation 898:907 lower generation 892:907 lower generation of waste or pollutions 892:930 The attractive advantages of the present process include short reaction times, milder and cleaner conditions, higher purity and yields, easy isolation of products, easier work-up procedure and lower generation of waste or pollutions. 25597431 7 12 theme magnetic 1138:1145 arg1 nanoparticles 1147:1159 magnetic nanoparticles 1138:1159 magnetic nanoparticles 1138:1159 A combination of the advantages of CNTs, chitosan and magnetic nanoparticles provides an important methodology for carrying out catalytic transformations. 25597431 5 13 theme work-up 870:876 arg1 times 771:775 short reaction times 756:775 short reaction times 756:775 The attractive advantages of the present process include short reaction times, milder and cleaner conditions, higher purity and yields, easy isolation of products, easier work-up procedure and lower generation of waste or pollutions. 25597431 5 13 theme work-up 870:876 arg1 procedure 878:886 easier work-up procedure 863:886 easier work-up procedure 863:886 The attractive advantages of the present process include short reaction times, milder and cleaner conditions, higher purity and yields, easy isolation of products, easier work-up procedure and lower generation of waste or pollutions. 25597431 5 14 theme milder 778:783 arg1 conditions 797:806 milder and cleaner conditions 778:806 conditions 797:806 The attractive advantages of the present process include short reaction times, milder and cleaner conditions, higher purity and yields, easy isolation of products, easier work-up procedure and lower generation of waste or pollutions. 25597431 2 15 mod modified 360:367 arg3 hydrolysis 414:423 the ammonia-catalysed hydrolysis 392:423 the ammonia-catalysed hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (CNTs-Fe3O4@SiO2) 392:469 In order to synthesize the CS-MCNTs composites, Fe3O4 decorated carbon nanotubes (CNTs-Fe3O4) were modified with a silica layer by the ammonia-catalysed hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (CNTs-Fe3O4@SiO2). 25597431 2 15 mod modified 360:367 arg1 CNTs-Fe3O4 343:352 CNTs-Fe3O4 343:352 CNTs-Fe3O4 343:352 In order to synthesize the CS-MCNTs composites, Fe3O4 decorated carbon nanotubes (CNTs-Fe3O4) were modified with a silica layer by the ammonia-catalysed hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (CNTs-Fe3O4@SiO2). 25597431 2 15 mod modified 360:367 arg1 nanotubes 332:340 Fe3O4 decorated carbon nanotubes 309:340 Fe3O4 decorated carbon nanotubes (CNTs-Fe3O4) 309:353 In order to synthesize the CS-MCNTs composites, Fe3O4 decorated carbon nanotubes (CNTs-Fe3O4) were modified with a silica layer by the ammonia-catalysed hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (CNTs-Fe3O4@SiO2). 25597431 2 15 mod modified 360:367 arg3 layer 383:387 a silica layer 374:387 a silica layer 374:387 In order to synthesize the CS-MCNTs composites, Fe3O4 decorated carbon nanotubes (CNTs-Fe3O4) were modified with a silica layer by the ammonia-catalysed hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (CNTs-Fe3O4@SiO2). 25597431 4 16 theme heterogeneous 626:638 arg1 CS-MCNT 589:595 The CS-MCNT 585:595 The CS-MCNT 585:595 The CS-MCNT was found to be an excellent heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines (DHPs). 25597431 4 16 theme heterogeneous 626:638 arg1 catalyst 640:647 an excellent heterogeneous catalyst 613:647 an excellent heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines (DHPs) 613:696 The CS-MCNT was found to be an excellent heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines (DHPs). 25597431 2 17 theme orthosilicate 439:451 arg1 hydrolysis 414:423 the ammonia-catalysed hydrolysis 392:423 the ammonia-catalysed hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (CNTs-Fe3O4@SiO2) 392:469 In order to synthesize the CS-MCNTs composites, Fe3O4 decorated carbon nanotubes (CNTs-Fe3O4) were modified with a silica layer by the ammonia-catalysed hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (CNTs-Fe3O4@SiO2). 25597431 0 18 theme chitosan/carbon 36:50 arg1 composites 61:70 magnetically chitosan/carbon nanotube composites 23:70 magnetically chitosan/carbon nanotube composites 23:70 The novel synthesis of magnetically chitosan/carbon nanotube composites and their catalytic applications. 25597431 4 19 theme excellent 616:624 arg1 CS-MCNT 589:595 The CS-MCNT 585:595 The CS-MCNT 585:595 The CS-MCNT was found to be an excellent heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines (DHPs). 25597431 4 19 theme excellent 616:624 arg1 catalyst 640:647 an excellent heterogeneous catalyst 613:647 an excellent heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines (DHPs) 613:696 The CS-MCNT was found to be an excellent heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines (DHPs). 25597431 0 20 theme novel 4:8 arg1 synthesis 10:18 The novel synthesis 0:18 The novel synthesis of magnetically chitosan/carbon nanotube composites and their catalytic applications. 0:104 The novel synthesis of magnetically chitosan/carbon nanotube composites and their catalytic applications. 25597431 3 21 theme @ 541:541 arg1 SiO2via 542:548 CNTs-Fe3O4@SiO2via 531:548 CNTs-Fe3O4@SiO2via 531:548 Then, CS-MCNTs were successfully grafted on the surface of CNTs-Fe3O4@SiO2via a suspension cross-linking method. 25597431 6 22 theme several 1028:1034 arg1 catalyst 1008:1015 the recovered catalyst 994:1015 the recovered catalyst 994:1015 This catalyst was easily separated by an external magnet and the recovered catalyst was reused several times without any significant loss of activity. 25597431 6 22 theme several 1028:1034 arg1 times 1036:1040 reused several times 1021:1040 reused several times 1021:1040 This catalyst was easily separated by an external magnet and the recovered catalyst was reused several times without any significant loss of activity. 25597431 5 23 theme easy 835:838 arg1 times 771:775 short reaction times 756:775 short reaction times 756:775 The attractive advantages of the present process include short reaction times, milder and cleaner conditions, higher purity and yields, easy isolation of products, easier work-up procedure and lower generation of waste or pollutions. 25597431 5 23 theme easy 835:838 arg1 isolation 840:848 easy isolation 835:848 easy isolation of products 835:860 The attractive advantages of the present process include short reaction times, milder and cleaner conditions, higher purity and yields, easy isolation of products, easier work-up procedure and lower generation of waste or pollutions. 25597431 1 24 theme Chitosan-modified 106:122 arg1 CS-MCNTs 151:158 CS-MCNTs 151:158 CS-MCNTs 151:158 Chitosan-modified magnetic carbon nanotubes (CS-MCNTs) were synthesized and were investigated by FT-IR, EDX, FE-SEM, elemental analysis, XRD, VSM and TGA. 25597431 1 24 theme Chitosan-modified 106:122 arg1 nanotubes 140:148 Chitosan-modified magnetic carbon nanotubes 106:148 Chitosan-modified magnetic carbon nanotubes (CS-MCNTs) 106:159 Chitosan-modified magnetic carbon nanotubes (CS-MCNTs) were synthesized and were investigated by FT-IR, EDX, FE-SEM, elemental analysis, XRD, VSM and TGA. 25597431 6 25 theme reused 1021:1026 arg1 catalyst 1008:1015 the recovered catalyst 994:1015 the recovered catalyst 994:1015 This catalyst was easily separated by an external magnet and the recovered catalyst was reused several times without any significant loss of activity. 25597431 6 25 theme reused 1021:1026 arg1 times 1036:1040 reused several times 1021:1040 reused several times 1021:1040 This catalyst was easily separated by an external magnet and the recovered catalyst was reused several times without any significant loss of activity. 25597431 5 26 theme cleaner 789:795 arg1 conditions 797:806 milder and cleaner conditions 778:806 conditions 797:806 The attractive advantages of the present process include short reaction times, milder and cleaner conditions, higher purity and yields, easy isolation of products, easier work-up procedure and lower generation of waste or pollutions. 25597431 8 27 theme green 1273:1277 arg1 protocol 1297:1304 a green and much improved protocol 1271:1304 a green and much improved protocol 1271:1304 Therefore, this method provides a green and much improved protocol over the existing methods. 25597431 1 28 theme magnetic 124:131 arg1 CS-MCNTs 151:158 CS-MCNTs 151:158 CS-MCNTs 151:158 Chitosan-modified magnetic carbon nanotubes (CS-MCNTs) were synthesized and were investigated by FT-IR, EDX, FE-SEM, elemental analysis, XRD, VSM and TGA. 25597431 1 28 theme magnetic 124:131 arg1 nanotubes 140:148 Chitosan-modified magnetic carbon nanotubes 106:148 Chitosan-modified magnetic carbon nanotubes (CS-MCNTs) 106:159 Chitosan-modified magnetic carbon nanotubes (CS-MCNTs) were synthesized and were investigated by FT-IR, EDX, FE-SEM, elemental analysis, XRD, VSM and TGA. 25597431 2 29 theme CS-MCNTs 288:295 arg1 composites 297:306 the CS-MCNTs composites 284:306 the CS-MCNTs composites 284:306 In order to synthesize the CS-MCNTs composites, Fe3O4 decorated carbon nanotubes (CNTs-Fe3O4) were modified with a silica layer by the ammonia-catalysed hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (CNTs-Fe3O4@SiO2). 25597431 1 30 theme carbon 133:138 arg1 CS-MCNTs 151:158 CS-MCNTs 151:158 CS-MCNTs 151:158 Chitosan-modified magnetic carbon nanotubes (CS-MCNTs) were synthesized and were investigated by FT-IR, EDX, FE-SEM, elemental analysis, XRD, VSM and TGA. 25597431 1 30 theme carbon 133:138 arg1 nanotubes 140:148 Chitosan-modified magnetic carbon nanotubes 106:148 Chitosan-modified magnetic carbon nanotubes (CS-MCNTs) 106:159 Chitosan-modified magnetic carbon nanotubes (CS-MCNTs) were synthesized and were investigated by FT-IR, EDX, FE-SEM, elemental analysis, XRD, VSM and TGA. 25597431 5 31 theme higher 809:814 arg1 purity 816:821 higher purity 809:821 higher purity 809:821 The attractive advantages of the present process include short reaction times, milder and cleaner conditions, higher purity and yields, easy isolation of products, easier work-up procedure and lower generation of waste or pollutions. 25597431 2 32 theme @ 464:464 arg1 SiO2 465:468 CNTs-Fe3O4@SiO2 454:468 CNTs-Fe3O4@SiO2 454:468 In order to synthesize the CS-MCNTs composites, Fe3O4 decorated carbon nanotubes (CNTs-Fe3O4) were modified with a silica layer by the ammonia-catalysed hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (CNTs-Fe3O4@SiO2). 25597431 2 32 theme @ 464:464 arg1 orthosilicate 439:451 tetraethyl orthosilicate 428:451 tetraethyl orthosilicate (CNTs-Fe3O4@SiO2) 428:469 In order to synthesize the CS-MCNTs composites, Fe3O4 decorated carbon nanotubes (CNTs-Fe3O4) were modified with a silica layer by the ammonia-catalysed hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (CNTs-Fe3O4@SiO2). 25597431 6 33 theme recovered 998:1006 arg1 catalyst 1008:1015 the recovered catalyst 994:1015 the recovered catalyst 994:1015 This catalyst was easily separated by an external magnet and the recovered catalyst was reused several times without any significant loss of activity. 25597431 6 33 theme recovered 998:1006 arg1 times 1036:1040 reused several times 1021:1040 reused several times 1021:1040 This catalyst was easily separated by an external magnet and the recovered catalyst was reused several times without any significant loss of activity. 25597431 3 34 theme cross-linking 563:575 arg1 method 577:582 a suspension cross-linking method 550:582 a suspension cross-linking method 550:582 Then, CS-MCNTs were successfully grafted on the surface of CNTs-Fe3O4@SiO2via a suspension cross-linking method. 25597431 3 35 theme SiO2via 542:548 arg1 surface 520:526 the surface 516:526 the surface of CNTs-Fe3O4@SiO2via 516:548 Then, CS-MCNTs were successfully grafted on the surface of CNTs-Fe3O4@SiO2via a suspension cross-linking method. 25597431 2 36 theme CNTs-Fe3O4 454:463 arg1 SiO2 465:468 CNTs-Fe3O4@SiO2 454:468 CNTs-Fe3O4@SiO2 454:468 In order to synthesize the CS-MCNTs composites, Fe3O4 decorated carbon nanotubes (CNTs-Fe3O4) were modified with a silica layer by the ammonia-catalysed hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (CNTs-Fe3O4@SiO2). 25597431 2 36 theme CNTs-Fe3O4 454:463 arg1 orthosilicate 439:451 tetraethyl orthosilicate 428:451 tetraethyl orthosilicate (CNTs-Fe3O4@SiO2) 428:469 In order to synthesize the CS-MCNTs composites, Fe3O4 decorated carbon nanotubes (CNTs-Fe3O4) were modified with a silica layer by the ammonia-catalysed hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (CNTs-Fe3O4@SiO2). 25597431 5 37 theme reaction 762:769 arg1 times 771:775 short reaction times 756:775 short reaction times 756:775 The attractive advantages of the present process include short reaction times, milder and cleaner conditions, higher purity and yields, easy isolation of products, easier work-up procedure and lower generation of waste or pollutions. 25597431 5 37 theme reaction 762:769 arg1 procedure 878:886 easier work-up procedure 863:886 easier work-up procedure 863:886 The attractive advantages of the present process include short reaction times, milder and cleaner conditions, higher purity and yields, easy isolation of products, easier work-up procedure and lower generation of waste or pollutions. 25597431 5 37 theme reaction 762:769 arg1 generation 898:907 lower generation 892:907 lower generation of waste or pollutions 892:930 The attractive advantages of the present process include short reaction times, milder and cleaner conditions, higher purity and yields, easy isolation of products, easier work-up procedure and lower generation of waste or pollutions. 25597431 5 37 theme reaction 762:769 arg1 isolation 840:848 easy isolation 835:848 easy isolation of products 835:860 The attractive advantages of the present process include short reaction times, milder and cleaner conditions, higher purity and yields, easy isolation of products, easier work-up procedure and lower generation of waste or pollutions. 25597431 7 38 theme CNTs 1119:1122 arg1 advantages 1105:1114 the advantages 1101:1114 the advantages of CNTs, chitosan and magnetic nanoparticles 1101:1159 A combination of the advantages of CNTs, chitosan and magnetic nanoparticles provides an important methodology for carrying out catalytic transformations. 25597431 2 39 theme silica 376:381 arg1 layer 383:387 a silica layer 374:387 a silica layer 374:387 In order to synthesize the CS-MCNTs composites, Fe3O4 decorated carbon nanotubes (CNTs-Fe3O4) were modified with a silica layer by the ammonia-catalysed hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (CNTs-Fe3O4@SiO2). 25597431 0 40 theme composites 61:70 arg1 synthesis 10:18 The novel synthesis 0:18 The novel synthesis of magnetically chitosan/carbon nanotube composites and their catalytic applications. 0:104 The novel synthesis of magnetically chitosan/carbon nanotube composites and their catalytic applications. 25597431 8 41 theme existing 1315:1322 arg1 methods 1324:1330 the existing methods 1311:1330 the existing methods 1311:1330 Therefore, this method provides a green and much improved protocol over the existing methods. 25597431 2 42 theme carbon 325:330 arg1 CNTs-Fe3O4 343:352 CNTs-Fe3O4 343:352 CNTs-Fe3O4 343:352 In order to synthesize the CS-MCNTs composites, Fe3O4 decorated carbon nanotubes (CNTs-Fe3O4) were modified with a silica layer by the ammonia-catalysed hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (CNTs-Fe3O4@SiO2). 25597431 2 42 theme carbon 325:330 arg1 nanotubes 332:340 Fe3O4 decorated carbon nanotubes 309:340 Fe3O4 decorated carbon nanotubes (CNTs-Fe3O4) 309:353 In order to synthesize the CS-MCNTs composites, Fe3O4 decorated carbon nanotubes (CNTs-Fe3O4) were modified with a silica layer by the ammonia-catalysed hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (CNTs-Fe3O4@SiO2). 25597431 0 43 theme nanotube 52:59 arg1 composites 61:70 magnetically chitosan/carbon nanotube composites 23:70 magnetically chitosan/carbon nanotube composites 23:70 The novel synthesis of magnetically chitosan/carbon nanotube composites and their catalytic applications. 25597431 7 44 theme nanoparticles 1147:1159 arg1 advantages 1105:1114 the advantages 1101:1114 the advantages of CNTs, chitosan and magnetic nanoparticles 1101:1159 A combination of the advantages of CNTs, chitosan and magnetic nanoparticles provides an important methodology for carrying out catalytic transformations. 25597431 7 45 theme catalytic 1212:1220 arg1 transformations 1222:1236 catalytic transformations 1212:1236 catalytic transformations 1212:1236 A combination of the advantages of CNTs, chitosan and magnetic nanoparticles provides an important methodology for carrying out catalytic transformations. 25597431 3 46 theme suspension 552:561 arg1 method 577:582 a suspension cross-linking method 550:582 a suspension cross-linking method 550:582 Then, CS-MCNTs were successfully grafted on the surface of CNTs-Fe3O4@SiO2via a suspension cross-linking method. 25597431 2 47 theme decorated 315:323 arg1 CNTs-Fe3O4 343:352 CNTs-Fe3O4 343:352 CNTs-Fe3O4 343:352 In order to synthesize the CS-MCNTs composites, Fe3O4 decorated carbon nanotubes (CNTs-Fe3O4) were modified with a silica layer by the ammonia-catalysed hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (CNTs-Fe3O4@SiO2). 25597431 2 47 theme decorated 315:323 arg1 nanotubes 332:340 Fe3O4 decorated carbon nanotubes 309:340 Fe3O4 decorated carbon nanotubes (CNTs-Fe3O4) 309:353 In order to synthesize the CS-MCNTs composites, Fe3O4 decorated carbon nanotubes (CNTs-Fe3O4) were modified with a silica layer by the ammonia-catalysed hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (CNTs-Fe3O4@SiO2). 25597431 2 48 theme Fe3O4 309:313 arg1 CNTs-Fe3O4 343:352 CNTs-Fe3O4 343:352 CNTs-Fe3O4 343:352 In order to synthesize the CS-MCNTs composites, Fe3O4 decorated carbon nanotubes (CNTs-Fe3O4) were modified with a silica layer by the ammonia-catalysed hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (CNTs-Fe3O4@SiO2). 25597431 2 48 theme Fe3O4 309:313 arg1 nanotubes 332:340 Fe3O4 decorated carbon nanotubes 309:340 Fe3O4 decorated carbon nanotubes (CNTs-Fe3O4) 309:353 In order to synthesize the CS-MCNTs composites, Fe3O4 decorated carbon nanotubes (CNTs-Fe3O4) were modified with a silica layer by the ammonia-catalysed hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (CNTs-Fe3O4@SiO2). 25597431 5 49 theme waste 912:916 arg1 times 771:775 short reaction times 756:775 short reaction times 756:775 The attractive advantages of the present process include short reaction times, milder and cleaner conditions, higher purity and yields, easy isolation of products, easier work-up procedure and lower generation of waste or pollutions. 25597431 5 49 theme waste 912:916 arg1 procedure 878:886 easier work-up procedure 863:886 easier work-up procedure 863:886 The attractive advantages of the present process include short reaction times, milder and cleaner conditions, higher purity and yields, easy isolation of products, easier work-up procedure and lower generation of waste or pollutions. 25597431 5 49 theme waste 912:916 arg1 generation 898:907 lower generation 892:907 lower generation of waste or pollutions 892:930 The attractive advantages of the present process include short reaction times, milder and cleaner conditions, higher purity and yields, easy isolation of products, easier work-up procedure and lower generation of waste or pollutions. 25597431 5 49 theme waste 912:916 arg1 isolation 840:848 easy isolation 835:848 easy isolation of products 835:860 The attractive advantages of the present process include short reaction times, milder and cleaner conditions, higher purity and yields, easy isolation of products, easier work-up procedure and lower generation of waste or pollutions. 25597431 1 50 theme elemental 223:231 arg1 analysis 233:240 elemental analysis 223:240 elemental analysis 223:240 Chitosan-modified magnetic carbon nanotubes (CS-MCNTs) were synthesized and were investigated by FT-IR, EDX, FE-SEM, elemental analysis, XRD, VSM and TGA. 25597431 6 51 theme activity 1074:1081 arg1 loss 1066:1069 any significant loss 1050:1069 any significant loss of activity 1050:1081 This catalyst was easily separated by an external magnet and the recovered catalyst was reused several times without any significant loss of activity. 25597431 7 52 theme chitosan 1125:1132 arg1 advantages 1105:1114 the advantages 1101:1114 the advantages of CNTs, chitosan and magnetic nanoparticles 1101:1159 A combination of the advantages of CNTs, chitosan and magnetic nanoparticles provides an important methodology for carrying out catalytic transformations. 25597431 7 53 theme important 1173:1181 arg1 methodology 1183:1193 an important methodology 1170:1193 an important methodology for carrying out catalytic transformations 1170:1236 A combination of the advantages of CNTs, chitosan and magnetic nanoparticles provides an important methodology for carrying out catalytic transformations. 25597431 5 54 theme products 853:860 arg1 times 771:775 short reaction times 756:775 short reaction times 756:775 The attractive advantages of the present process include short reaction times, milder and cleaner conditions, higher purity and yields, easy isolation of products, easier work-up procedure and lower generation of waste or pollutions. 25597431 5 54 theme products 853:860 arg1 procedure 878:886 easier work-up procedure 863:886 easier work-up procedure 863:886 The attractive advantages of the present process include short reaction times, milder and cleaner conditions, higher purity and yields, easy isolation of products, easier work-up procedure and lower generation of waste or pollutions. 25597431 5 54 theme products 853:860 arg1 generation 898:907 lower generation 892:907 lower generation of waste or pollutions 892:930 The attractive advantages of the present process include short reaction times, milder and cleaner conditions, higher purity and yields, easy isolation of products, easier work-up procedure and lower generation of waste or pollutions. 25597431 5 54 theme products 853:860 arg1 isolation 840:848 easy isolation 835:848 easy isolation of products 835:860 The attractive advantages of the present process include short reaction times, milder and cleaner conditions, higher purity and yields, easy isolation of products, easier work-up procedure and lower generation of waste or pollutions. 25597431 8 55 theme improved 1288:1295 arg1 protocol 1297:1304 a green and much improved protocol 1271:1304 a green and much improved protocol 1271:1304 Therefore, this method provides a green and much improved protocol over the existing methods. 25597431 6 56 theme external 974:981 arg1 magnet 983:988 an external magnet 971:988 an external magnet 971:988 This catalyst was easily separated by an external magnet and the recovered catalyst was reused several times without any significant loss of activity. 25597431 5 57 theme present 732:738 arg1 process 740:746 the present process 728:746 the present process 728:746 The attractive advantages of the present process include short reaction times, milder and cleaner conditions, higher purity and yields, easy isolation of products, easier work-up procedure and lower generation of waste or pollutions. 25597431 2 58 theme ammonia-catalysed 396:412 arg1 hydrolysis 414:423 the ammonia-catalysed hydrolysis 392:423 the ammonia-catalysed hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (CNTs-Fe3O4@SiO2) 392:469 In order to synthesize the CS-MCNTs composites, Fe3O4 decorated carbon nanotubes (CNTs-Fe3O4) were modified with a silica layer by the ammonia-catalysed hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (CNTs-Fe3O4@SiO2). 25597431 7 59 contain carrying 1199:1206 arg1 methodology 1183:1193 an important methodology 1170:1193 an important methodology for carrying out catalytic transformations 1170:1236 A combination of the advantages of CNTs, chitosan and magnetic nanoparticles provides an important methodology for carrying out catalytic transformations. 25597431 7 59 contain carrying 1199:1206 arg2 transformations 1222:1236 catalytic transformations 1212:1236 catalytic transformations 1212:1236 A combination of the advantages of CNTs, chitosan and magnetic nanoparticles provides an important methodology for carrying out catalytic transformations. 25597431 2 60 theme tetraethyl 428:437 arg1 SiO2 465:468 CNTs-Fe3O4@SiO2 454:468 CNTs-Fe3O4@SiO2 454:468 In order to synthesize the CS-MCNTs composites, Fe3O4 decorated carbon nanotubes (CNTs-Fe3O4) were modified with a silica layer by the ammonia-catalysed hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (CNTs-Fe3O4@SiO2). 25597431 2 60 theme tetraethyl 428:437 arg1 orthosilicate 439:451 tetraethyl orthosilicate 428:451 tetraethyl orthosilicate (CNTs-Fe3O4@SiO2) 428:469 In order to synthesize the CS-MCNTs composites, Fe3O4 decorated carbon nanotubes (CNTs-Fe3O4) were modified with a silica layer by the ammonia-catalysed hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (CNTs-Fe3O4@SiO2). 24771363 3 0 contain possessed 505:513 arg2 activity 536:543 a strong antioxidant activity 515:543 a strong antioxidant activity 515:543 The composition of chitosan and dihydroquercetin also possessed a strong antioxidant activity. 24771363 3 0 contain possessed 505:513 arg1 composition 455:465 The composition 451:465 The composition of chitosan and dihydroquercetin 451:498 The composition of chitosan and dihydroquercetin also possessed a strong antioxidant activity. 24771363 1 1 theme strong 191:196 arg1 effect 210:215 a strong antihypoxic effect 189:215 a strong antihypoxic effect 189:215 The course of preventive oral treatment with a dihydroquercetin-chitosan composition produced a strong antihypoxic effect under conditions of experimental hypobaric hypoxia (arbitrary altitude 12,000 m). 24771363 2 2 dep animals 387:393 arg1 % 401:401 83% 399:401 83% 399:401 The lactate/pyruvate ratio in composition-receiving rats was much lower than in hypoxic animals (by 83%), but higher than in intact specimens (by 29%). 24771363 2 3 theme composition-receiving 329:349 arg1 rats 351:354 composition-receiving rats 329:354 composition-receiving rats 329:354 The lactate/pyruvate ratio in composition-receiving rats was much lower than in hypoxic animals (by 83%), but higher than in intact specimens (by 29%). 24771363 2 4 dep lower 365:369 arg1 animals 387:393 hypoxic animals 379:393 hypoxic animals 379:393 The lactate/pyruvate ratio in composition-receiving rats was much lower than in hypoxic animals (by 83%), but higher than in intact specimens (by 29%). 24771363 3 5 theme dihydroquercetin 483:498 arg1 composition 455:465 The composition 451:465 The composition of chitosan and dihydroquercetin 451:498 The composition of chitosan and dihydroquercetin also possessed a strong antioxidant activity. 24771363 1 6 theme antihypoxic 198:208 arg1 effect 210:215 a strong antihypoxic effect 189:215 a strong antihypoxic effect 189:215 The course of preventive oral treatment with a dihydroquercetin-chitosan composition produced a strong antihypoxic effect under conditions of experimental hypobaric hypoxia (arbitrary altitude 12,000 m). 24771363 1 7 with treatment 125:133 arg1 composition 168:178 a dihydroquercetin-chitosan composition 140:178 a dihydroquercetin-chitosan composition 140:178 The course of preventive oral treatment with a dihydroquercetin-chitosan composition produced a strong antihypoxic effect under conditions of experimental hypobaric hypoxia (arbitrary altitude 12,000 m). 24771363 0 8 theme Adaptogenic 0:10 arg1 effects 12:18 Adaptogenic effects 0:18 Adaptogenic effects of dihydroquercetin-chitosan composition during modeling of acute hypoxia 0:92 Adaptogenic effects of dihydroquercetin-chitosan composition during modeling of acute hypoxia. 24771363 0 9 theme dihydroquercetin-chitosan 23:47 arg1 composition 49:59 dihydroquercetin-chitosan composition 23:59 dihydroquercetin-chitosan composition 23:59 Adaptogenic effects of dihydroquercetin-chitosan composition during modeling of acute hypoxia. 24771363 1 10 theme preventive 109:118 arg1 treatment 125:133 preventive oral treatment 109:133 preventive oral treatment with a dihydroquercetin-chitosan composition 109:178 The course of preventive oral treatment with a dihydroquercetin-chitosan composition produced a strong antihypoxic effect under conditions of experimental hypobaric hypoxia (arbitrary altitude 12,000 m). 24771363 1 11 theme oral 120:123 arg1 treatment 125:133 preventive oral treatment 109:133 preventive oral treatment with a dihydroquercetin-chitosan composition 109:178 The course of preventive oral treatment with a dihydroquercetin-chitosan composition produced a strong antihypoxic effect under conditions of experimental hypobaric hypoxia (arbitrary altitude 12,000 m). 24771363 1 12 theme experimental 237:248 arg1 12,000 m 288:295 arbitrary altitude 12,000 m 269:295 arbitrary altitude 12,000 m 269:295 The course of preventive oral treatment with a dihydroquercetin-chitosan composition produced a strong antihypoxic effect under conditions of experimental hypobaric hypoxia (arbitrary altitude 12,000 m). 24771363 1 12 theme experimental 237:248 arg1 hypoxia 260:266 experimental hypobaric hypoxia 237:266 experimental hypobaric hypoxia (arbitrary altitude 12,000 m) 237:296 The course of preventive oral treatment with a dihydroquercetin-chitosan composition produced a strong antihypoxic effect under conditions of experimental hypobaric hypoxia (arbitrary altitude 12,000 m). 24771363 1 13 theme hypobaric 250:258 arg1 12,000 m 288:295 arbitrary altitude 12,000 m 269:295 arbitrary altitude 12,000 m 269:295 The course of preventive oral treatment with a dihydroquercetin-chitosan composition produced a strong antihypoxic effect under conditions of experimental hypobaric hypoxia (arbitrary altitude 12,000 m). 24771363 1 13 theme hypobaric 250:258 arg1 hypoxia 260:266 experimental hypobaric hypoxia 237:266 experimental hypobaric hypoxia (arbitrary altitude 12,000 m) 237:296 The course of preventive oral treatment with a dihydroquercetin-chitosan composition produced a strong antihypoxic effect under conditions of experimental hypobaric hypoxia (arbitrary altitude 12,000 m). 24771363 2 14 theme intact 424:429 arg1 specimens 431:439 intact specimens 424:439 intact specimens 424:439 The lactate/pyruvate ratio in composition-receiving rats was much lower than in hypoxic animals (by 83%), but higher than in intact specimens (by 29%). 24771363 0 15 theme composition 49:59 arg1 effects 12:18 Adaptogenic effects 0:18 Adaptogenic effects of dihydroquercetin-chitosan composition during modeling of acute hypoxia 0:92 Adaptogenic effects of dihydroquercetin-chitosan composition during modeling of acute hypoxia. 24771363 1 16 theme hypoxia 260:266 arg1 conditions 223:232 conditions 223:232 conditions of experimental hypobaric hypoxia (arbitrary altitude 12,000 m) 223:296 The course of preventive oral treatment with a dihydroquercetin-chitosan composition produced a strong antihypoxic effect under conditions of experimental hypobaric hypoxia (arbitrary altitude 12,000 m). 24771363 1 17 theme treatment 125:133 arg1 course 99:104 The course 95:104 The course of preventive oral treatment with a dihydroquercetin-chitosan composition 95:178 The course of preventive oral treatment with a dihydroquercetin-chitosan composition produced a strong antihypoxic effect under conditions of experimental hypobaric hypoxia (arbitrary altitude 12,000 m). 24771363 3 18 theme chitosan 470:477 arg1 composition 455:465 The composition 451:465 The composition of chitosan and dihydroquercetin 451:498 The composition of chitosan and dihydroquercetin also possessed a strong antioxidant activity. 24771363 2 19 dep specimens 431:439 arg1 % 447:447 29% 445:447 29% 445:447 The lactate/pyruvate ratio in composition-receiving rats was much lower than in hypoxic animals (by 83%), but higher than in intact specimens (by 29%). 24771363 2 20 theme lactate/pyruvate 303:318 arg1 ratio 320:324 The lactate/pyruvate ratio 299:324 The lactate/pyruvate ratio in composition-receiving rats 299:354 The lactate/pyruvate ratio in composition-receiving rats was much lower than in hypoxic animals (by 83%), but higher than in intact specimens (by 29%). 24771363 2 20 theme lactate/pyruvate 303:318 arg1 lower 365:369 lower 365:369 lower 365:369 The lactate/pyruvate ratio in composition-receiving rats was much lower than in hypoxic animals (by 83%), but higher than in intact specimens (by 29%). 24771363 2 21 theme hypoxic 379:385 arg1 animals 387:393 hypoxic animals 379:393 hypoxic animals 379:393 The lactate/pyruvate ratio in composition-receiving rats was much lower than in hypoxic animals (by 83%), but higher than in intact specimens (by 29%). 24771363 2 22 from ratio 320:324 arg1 rats 351:354 composition-receiving rats 329:354 composition-receiving rats 329:354 The lactate/pyruvate ratio in composition-receiving rats was much lower than in hypoxic animals (by 83%), but higher than in intact specimens (by 29%). 24771363 1 23 theme dihydroquercetin-chitosan 142:166 arg1 composition 168:178 a dihydroquercetin-chitosan composition 140:178 a dihydroquercetin-chitosan composition 140:178 The course of preventive oral treatment with a dihydroquercetin-chitosan composition produced a strong antihypoxic effect under conditions of experimental hypobaric hypoxia (arbitrary altitude 12,000 m). 24771363 1 24 theme arbitrary 269:277 arg1 12,000 m 288:295 arbitrary altitude 12,000 m 269:295 arbitrary altitude 12,000 m 269:295 The course of preventive oral treatment with a dihydroquercetin-chitosan composition produced a strong antihypoxic effect under conditions of experimental hypobaric hypoxia (arbitrary altitude 12,000 m). 24771363 1 24 theme arbitrary 269:277 arg1 hypoxia 260:266 experimental hypobaric hypoxia 237:266 experimental hypobaric hypoxia (arbitrary altitude 12,000 m) 237:296 The course of preventive oral treatment with a dihydroquercetin-chitosan composition produced a strong antihypoxic effect under conditions of experimental hypobaric hypoxia (arbitrary altitude 12,000 m). 24771363 0 25 theme hypoxia 86:92 arg1 modeling 68:75 modeling 68:75 modeling of acute hypoxia 68:92 Adaptogenic effects of dihydroquercetin-chitosan composition during modeling of acute hypoxia. 24771363 3 26 theme strong 517:522 arg1 activity 536:543 a strong antioxidant activity 515:543 a strong antioxidant activity 515:543 The composition of chitosan and dihydroquercetin also possessed a strong antioxidant activity. 24771363 1 27 theme altitude 279:286 arg1 12,000 m 288:295 arbitrary altitude 12,000 m 269:295 arbitrary altitude 12,000 m 269:295 The course of preventive oral treatment with a dihydroquercetin-chitosan composition produced a strong antihypoxic effect under conditions of experimental hypobaric hypoxia (arbitrary altitude 12,000 m). 24771363 1 27 theme altitude 279:286 arg1 hypoxia 260:266 experimental hypobaric hypoxia 237:266 experimental hypobaric hypoxia (arbitrary altitude 12,000 m) 237:296 The course of preventive oral treatment with a dihydroquercetin-chitosan composition produced a strong antihypoxic effect under conditions of experimental hypobaric hypoxia (arbitrary altitude 12,000 m). 24771363 0 28 theme acute 80:84 arg1 hypoxia 86:92 acute hypoxia 80:92 acute hypoxia 80:92 Adaptogenic effects of dihydroquercetin-chitosan composition during modeling of acute hypoxia. 24771363 2 29 dep higher 409:414 arg1 specimens 431:439 intact specimens 424:439 intact specimens 424:439 The lactate/pyruvate ratio in composition-receiving rats was much lower than in hypoxic animals (by 83%), but higher than in intact specimens (by 29%). 24771363 3 30 theme antioxidant 524:534 arg1 activity 536:543 a strong antioxidant activity 515:543 a strong antioxidant activity 515:543 The composition of chitosan and dihydroquercetin also possessed a strong antioxidant activity. 24665636 9 0 theme liquid 1312:1317 arg1 extracts 1319:1326 liquid extracts 1312:1326 liquid extracts of the material 1312:1342 BMSCs cultured with liquid extracts of the material had good activities. 24665636 11 1 theme biomaterials 1548:1559 arg1 requirement 1525:1535 the requirement 1521:1535 the requirement of medical biomaterials 1521:1559 Hemolysis test results showed that the hemolysis rate of the composite material was 1.28%, thus meeting the requirement of medical biomaterials. 24665636 11 2 theme material 1488:1495 arg1 % 1505:1505 1.28% 1501:1505 1.28% 1501:1505 Hemolysis test results showed that the hemolysis rate of the composite material was 1.28%, thus meeting the requirement of medical biomaterials. 24665636 11 2 theme material 1488:1495 arg1 rate 1466:1469 the hemolysis rate 1452:1469 the hemolysis rate of the composite material 1452:1495 Hemolysis test results showed that the hemolysis rate of the composite material was 1.28%, thus meeting the requirement of medical biomaterials. 24665636 12 3 theme high 1625:1628 arg1 porosity 1630:1637 high porosity 1625:1637 high porosity 1625:1637 CONCLUSION The composite material fabricated in this study has high porosity and good biocompatibility. 24665636 4 4 theme composite 621:629 arg1 material 631:638 the composite material 617:638 the composite material 617:638 The fifth passage of bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) were incubated on the composite material and then growth was observed by inverted microscope and SEM. 24665636 8 5 theme inverted 1263:1270 arg1 microscope 1272:1281 microscope 1272:1281 microscope 1272:1281 BMSCs showed full stretching and vigorous growth under inverted microscope and SEM. 24665636 4 6 theme stromal 572:578 arg1 BMSCs 592:596 BMSCs 592:596 BMSCs 592:596 The fifth passage of bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) were incubated on the composite material and then growth was observed by inverted microscope and SEM. 24665636 4 6 theme stromal 572:578 arg1 cells 585:589 bone marrow stromal stem cells 560:589 bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) 560:597 The fifth passage of bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) were incubated on the composite material and then growth was observed by inverted microscope and SEM. 24665636 6 7 used used 1004:1007 arg2 spectrophotometer 982:998 the spectrophotometer 978:998 the spectrophotometer 978:998 Fresh dog blood was added into the liquid extracts to conduct hemolysis test, the spectrophotometer was used to determine the optical density (OD) and to calculate the hemolysis rate. 24665636 12 8 theme good 1643:1646 arg1 biocompatibility 1648:1663 good biocompatibility 1643:1663 good biocompatibility 1643:1663 CONCLUSION The composite material fabricated in this study has high porosity and good biocompatibility. 24665636 6 9 theme hemolysis 962:970 arg1 test 972:975 hemolysis test 962:975 hemolysis test 962:975 Fresh dog blood was added into the liquid extracts to conduct hemolysis test, the spectrophotometer was used to determine the optical density (OD) and to calculate the hemolysis rate. 24665636 5 10 theme methyl 759:764 arg1 assay 794:798 methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay 759:798 methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay 759:798 BMSCs were cultured with liquid extracts of the material, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to calculate the relative growth rate (RGR) on 1, 3, 5 d and to evaluate the cytotoxicity. 24665636 4 11 theme marrow 565:570 arg1 BMSCs 592:596 BMSCs 592:596 BMSCs 592:596 The fifth passage of bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) were incubated on the composite material and then growth was observed by inverted microscope and SEM. 24665636 4 11 theme marrow 565:570 arg1 cells 585:589 bone marrow stromal stem cells 560:589 bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) 560:597 The fifth passage of bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) were incubated on the composite material and then growth was observed by inverted microscope and SEM. 24665636 10 12 theme material 1391:1398 arg1 1 1414:1414 1 1414:1414 1 1414:1414 The toxicity of composite material was graded as 1. 24665636 10 12 theme material 1391:1398 arg1 toxicity 1369:1376 The toxicity 1365:1376 The toxicity of composite material 1365:1398 The toxicity of composite material was graded as 1. 24665636 2 13 theme freeze-drying 354:366 arg1 technology 368:377 freeze-drying technology 354:377 freeze-drying technology 354:377 METHODS Sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material was prepared using chemical cross-linking and freeze-drying technology. 24665636 11 14 theme hemolysis 1456:1464 arg1 % 1505:1505 1.28% 1501:1505 1.28% 1501:1505 Hemolysis test results showed that the hemolysis rate of the composite material was 1.28%, thus meeting the requirement of medical biomaterials. 24665636 11 14 theme hemolysis 1456:1464 arg1 rate 1466:1469 the hemolysis rate 1452:1469 the hemolysis rate of the composite material 1452:1495 Hemolysis test results showed that the hemolysis rate of the composite material was 1.28%, thus meeting the requirement of medical biomaterials. 24665636 5 15 theme thiazolyl 766:774 arg1 assay 794:798 methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay 759:798 methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay 759:798 BMSCs were cultured with liquid extracts of the material, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to calculate the relative growth rate (RGR) on 1, 3, 5 d and to evaluate the cytotoxicity. 24665636 5 16 from rate 842:845 arg1 d 864:864 1, 3, 5 d 856:864 1, 3, 5 d 856:864 BMSCs were cultured with liquid extracts of the material, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to calculate the relative growth rate (RGR) on 1, 3, 5 d and to evaluate the cytotoxicity. 24665636 10 17 theme composite 1381:1389 arg1 material 1391:1398 composite material 1381:1398 composite material 1381:1398 The toxicity of composite material was graded as 1. 24665636 9 18 contain had 1344:1346 arg2 activities 1353:1362 good activities 1348:1362 good activities 1348:1362 BMSCs cultured with liquid extracts of the material had good activities. 24665636 9 18 contain had 1344:1346 arg1 BMSCs 1292:1296 BMSCs 1292:1296 BMSCs cultured with liquid extracts of the material 1292:1342 BMSCs cultured with liquid extracts of the material had good activities. 24665636 5 19 theme tetrazolium 776:786 arg1 assay 794:798 methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay 759:798 methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay 759:798 BMSCs were cultured with liquid extracts of the material, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to calculate the relative growth rate (RGR) on 1, 3, 5 d and to evaluate the cytotoxicity. 24665636 12 20 contain has 1621:1623 arg1 material 1587:1594 The composite material 1573:1594 The composite material fabricated in this study 1573:1619 CONCLUSION The composite material fabricated in this study has high porosity and good biocompatibility. 24665636 12 20 contain has 1621:1623 arg2 biocompatibility 1648:1663 good biocompatibility 1643:1663 good biocompatibility 1643:1663 CONCLUSION The composite material fabricated in this study has high porosity and good biocompatibility. 24665636 12 20 contain has 1621:1623 arg2 porosity 1630:1637 high porosity 1625:1637 high porosity 1625:1637 CONCLUSION The composite material fabricated in this study has high porosity and good biocompatibility. 24665636 7 21 dep RESULTS 1084:1090 arg1 displayed 1146:1154 displayed 1146:1154 displayed porosity 1146:1163 RESULTS Sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material displayed porosity, the porous pore rate was (88.6 +/- 4.5)%. 24665636 11 22 theme composite 1478:1486 arg1 material 1488:1495 the composite material 1474:1495 the composite material 1474:1495 Hemolysis test results showed that the hemolysis rate of the composite material was 1.28%, thus meeting the requirement of medical biomaterials. 24665636 7 23 theme porous 1170:1175 arg1 % 1205:1205 % 1205:1205 % 1205:1205 RESULTS Sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material displayed porosity, the porous pore rate was (88.6 +/- 4.5)%. 24665636 7 23 theme porous 1170:1175 arg1 rate 1182:1185 the porous pore rate 1166:1185 the porous pore rate 1166:1185 RESULTS Sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material displayed porosity, the porous pore rate was (88.6 +/- 4.5)%. 24665636 7 24 theme alginate-nanohydroxyapatite 1099:1125 arg1 material 1137:1144 Sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material 1092:1144 Sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material 1092:1144 RESULTS Sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material displayed porosity, the porous pore rate was (88.6 +/- 4.5)%. 24665636 4 25 theme inverted 672:679 arg1 microscope 681:690 microscope 681:690 microscope 681:690 The fifth passage of bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) were incubated on the composite material and then growth was observed by inverted microscope and SEM. 24665636 2 26 theme chemical 327:334 arg1 cross-linking 336:348 chemical cross-linking 327:348 chemical cross-linking 327:348 METHODS Sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material was prepared using chemical cross-linking and freeze-drying technology. 24665636 3 27 theme electron 452:459 arg1 SEM 473:475 SEM 473:475 SEM 473:475 The composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and its porosity was measured by liquid displacement method. 24665636 3 27 theme electron 452:459 arg1 microscope 461:470 scanning electron microscope 443:470 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 443:476 The composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and its porosity was measured by liquid displacement method. 24665636 4 28 theme fifth 543:547 arg1 passage 549:555 The fifth passage 539:555 The fifth passage of bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) 539:597 The fifth passage of bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) were incubated on the composite material and then growth was observed by inverted microscope and SEM. 24665636 12 29 dep CONCLUSION 1562:1571 arg1 has 1621:1623 has 1621:1623 has high porosity and good biocompatibility 1621:1663 CONCLUSION The composite material fabricated in this study has high porosity and good biocompatibility. 24665636 7 30 theme pore 1177:1180 arg1 % 1205:1205 % 1205:1205 % 1205:1205 RESULTS Sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material displayed porosity, the porous pore rate was (88.6 +/- 4.5)%. 24665636 7 30 theme pore 1177:1180 arg1 rate 1182:1185 the porous pore rate 1166:1185 the porous pore rate 1166:1185 RESULTS Sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material displayed porosity, the porous pore rate was (88.6 +/- 4.5)%. 24665636 5 31 theme growth 835:840 arg1 RGR 848:850 RGR 848:850 RGR 848:850 BMSCs were cultured with liquid extracts of the material, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to calculate the relative growth rate (RGR) on 1, 3, 5 d and to evaluate the cytotoxicity. 24665636 5 31 theme growth 835:840 arg1 rate 842:845 the relative growth rate 822:845 the relative growth rate (RGR) on 1, 3, 5 d 822:864 BMSCs were cultured with liquid extracts of the material, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to calculate the relative growth rate (RGR) on 1, 3, 5 d and to evaluate the cytotoxicity. 24665636 7 32 theme composite 1127:1135 arg1 material 1137:1144 Sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material 1092:1144 Sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material 1092:1144 RESULTS Sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material displayed porosity, the porous pore rate was (88.6 +/- 4.5)%. 24665636 12 33 theme composite 1577:1585 arg1 material 1587:1594 The composite material 1573:1594 The composite material fabricated in this study 1573:1619 CONCLUSION The composite material fabricated in this study has high porosity and good biocompatibility. 24665636 6 34 theme optical 1026:1032 arg1 density 1034:1040 the optical density 1022:1040 the optical density (OD) 1022:1045 Fresh dog blood was added into the liquid extracts to conduct hemolysis test, the spectrophotometer was used to determine the optical density (OD) and to calculate the hemolysis rate. 24665636 6 34 theme optical 1026:1032 arg1 OD 1043:1044 OD 1043:1044 OD 1043:1044 Fresh dog blood was added into the liquid extracts to conduct hemolysis test, the spectrophotometer was used to determine the optical density (OD) and to calculate the hemolysis rate. 24665636 0 35 theme alginate-nanohydroxyapatite 23:49 arg1 material 61:68 sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material 16:68 sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material for bone repair 16:84 [Preparation of sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material for bone repair and its biocompatibility]. 24665636 6 36 theme liquid 935:940 arg1 extracts 942:949 the liquid extracts 931:949 the liquid extracts 931:949 Fresh dog blood was added into the liquid extracts to conduct hemolysis test, the spectrophotometer was used to determine the optical density (OD) and to calculate the hemolysis rate. 24665636 7 37 dep % 1205:1205 arg1 4.5 1201:1203 4.5 1201:1203 4.5 1201:1203 RESULTS Sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material displayed porosity, the porous pore rate was (88.6 +/- 4.5)%. 24665636 7 37 dep % 1205:1205 arg1 88.6 1192:1195 88.6 1192:1195 88.6 1192:1195 RESULTS Sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material displayed porosity, the porous pore rate was (88.6 +/- 4.5)%. 24665636 11 38 theme Hemolysis 1417:1425 arg1 results 1432:1438 Hemolysis test results 1417:1438 Hemolysis test results 1417:1438 Hemolysis test results showed that the hemolysis rate of the composite material was 1.28%, thus meeting the requirement of medical biomaterials. 24665636 3 39 theme displacement 518:529 arg1 method 531:536 liquid displacement method 511:536 liquid displacement method 511:536 The composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and its porosity was measured by liquid displacement method. 24665636 3 40 theme scanning 443:450 arg1 SEM 473:475 SEM 473:475 SEM 473:475 The composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and its porosity was measured by liquid displacement method. 24665636 3 40 theme scanning 443:450 arg1 microscope 461:470 scanning electron microscope 443:470 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 443:476 The composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and its porosity was measured by liquid displacement method. 24665636 1 41 theme repair 229:234 arg1 material 236:243 a bone repair material 222:243 a bone repair material 222:243 OBJECTIVE To prepare sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material and to explore its feasibility as a bone repair material. 24665636 0 42 theme material 61:68 arg1 [Preparation 0:11 [Preparation 0:11 [Preparation of sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material for bone repair 0:84 [Preparation of sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material for bone repair and its biocompatibility]. 24665636 0 42 theme material 61:68 arg1 biocompatibility 94:109 its biocompatibility 90:109 its biocompatibility 90:109 [Preparation of sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material for bone repair and its biocompatibility]. 24665636 5 43 theme material 749:756 arg1 extracts 733:740 liquid extracts 726:740 liquid extracts of the material 726:756 BMSCs were cultured with liquid extracts of the material, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to calculate the relative growth rate (RGR) on 1, 3, 5 d and to evaluate the cytotoxicity. 24665636 2 44 theme composite 289:297 arg1 material 299:306 METHODS Sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material 246:306 METHODS Sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material 246:306 METHODS Sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material was prepared using chemical cross-linking and freeze-drying technology. 24665636 8 45 theme stretching 1226:1235 arg1 growth 1250:1255 full stretching and vigorous growth 1221:1255 full stretching and vigorous growth under inverted microscope and SEM 1221:1289 BMSCs showed full stretching and vigorous growth under inverted microscope and SEM. 24665636 0 46 theme composite 51:59 arg1 material 61:68 sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material 16:68 sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material for bone repair 16:84 [Preparation of sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material for bone repair and its biocompatibility]. 24665636 4 47 theme cells 585:589 arg1 passage 549:555 The fifth passage 539:555 The fifth passage of bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) 539:597 The fifth passage of bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) were incubated on the composite material and then growth was observed by inverted microscope and SEM. 24665636 5 48 used used 804:807 arg2 assay 794:798 methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay 759:798 methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay 759:798 BMSCs were cultured with liquid extracts of the material, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to calculate the relative growth rate (RGR) on 1, 3, 5 d and to evaluate the cytotoxicity. 24665636 2 49 theme alginate-nanohydroxyapatite 261:287 arg1 material 299:306 METHODS Sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material 246:306 METHODS Sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material 246:306 METHODS Sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material was prepared using chemical cross-linking and freeze-drying technology. 24665636 3 50 theme liquid 511:516 arg1 method 531:536 liquid displacement method 511:536 liquid displacement method 511:536 The composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and its porosity was measured by liquid displacement method. 24665636 0 51 theme bone 74:77 arg1 repair 79:84 bone repair 74:84 bone repair 74:84 [Preparation of sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material for bone repair and its biocompatibility]. 24665636 4 52 theme stem 580:583 arg1 BMSCs 592:596 BMSCs 592:596 BMSCs 592:596 The fifth passage of bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) were incubated on the composite material and then growth was observed by inverted microscope and SEM. 24665636 4 52 theme stem 580:583 arg1 cells 585:589 bone marrow stromal stem cells 560:589 bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) 560:597 The fifth passage of bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) were incubated on the composite material and then growth was observed by inverted microscope and SEM. 24665636 2 53 theme Sodium 254:259 arg1 material 299:306 METHODS Sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material 246:306 METHODS Sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material 246:306 METHODS Sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material was prepared using chemical cross-linking and freeze-drying technology. 24665636 8 54 theme vigorous 1241:1248 arg1 growth 1250:1255 full stretching and vigorous growth 1221:1255 full stretching and vigorous growth under inverted microscope and SEM 1221:1289 BMSCs showed full stretching and vigorous growth under inverted microscope and SEM. 24665636 7 55 theme Sodium 1092:1097 arg1 material 1137:1144 Sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material 1092:1144 Sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material 1092:1144 RESULTS Sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material displayed porosity, the porous pore rate was (88.6 +/- 4.5)%. 24665636 6 56 theme Fresh 900:904 arg1 blood 910:914 Fresh dog blood 900:914 Fresh dog blood 900:914 Fresh dog blood was added into the liquid extracts to conduct hemolysis test, the spectrophotometer was used to determine the optical density (OD) and to calculate the hemolysis rate. 24665636 2 57 theme METHODS 246:252 arg1 material 299:306 METHODS Sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material 246:306 METHODS Sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material 246:306 METHODS Sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material was prepared using chemical cross-linking and freeze-drying technology. 24665636 1 58 theme sodium 134:139 arg1 material 179:186 sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material 134:186 sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material 134:186 OBJECTIVE To prepare sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material and to explore its feasibility as a bone repair material. 24665636 6 59 theme dog 906:908 arg1 blood 910:914 Fresh dog blood 900:914 Fresh dog blood 900:914 Fresh dog blood was added into the liquid extracts to conduct hemolysis test, the spectrophotometer was used to determine the optical density (OD) and to calculate the hemolysis rate. 24665636 5 60 theme liquid 726:731 arg1 extracts 733:740 liquid extracts 726:740 liquid extracts of the material 726:756 BMSCs were cultured with liquid extracts of the material, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to calculate the relative growth rate (RGR) on 1, 3, 5 d and to evaluate the cytotoxicity. 24665636 1 61 theme alginate-nanohydroxyapatite 141:167 arg1 material 179:186 sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material 134:186 sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material 134:186 OBJECTIVE To prepare sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material and to explore its feasibility as a bone repair material. 24665636 9 62 theme material 1335:1342 arg1 extracts 1319:1326 liquid extracts 1312:1326 liquid extracts of the material 1312:1342 BMSCs cultured with liquid extracts of the material had good activities. 24665636 1 63 theme composite 169:177 arg1 material 179:186 sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material 134:186 sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material 134:186 OBJECTIVE To prepare sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material and to explore its feasibility as a bone repair material. 24665636 11 64 theme test 1427:1430 arg1 results 1432:1438 Hemolysis test results 1417:1438 Hemolysis test results 1417:1438 Hemolysis test results showed that the hemolysis rate of the composite material was 1.28%, thus meeting the requirement of medical biomaterials. 24665636 6 65 theme hemolysis 1068:1076 arg1 rate 1078:1081 the hemolysis rate 1064:1081 the hemolysis rate 1064:1081 Fresh dog blood was added into the liquid extracts to conduct hemolysis test, the spectrophotometer was used to determine the optical density (OD) and to calculate the hemolysis rate. 24665636 5 66 theme MTT 789:791 arg1 assay 794:798 methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay 759:798 methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay 759:798 BMSCs were cultured with liquid extracts of the material, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to calculate the relative growth rate (RGR) on 1, 3, 5 d and to evaluate the cytotoxicity. 24665636 8 67 theme full 1221:1224 arg1 growth 1250:1255 full stretching and vigorous growth 1221:1255 full stretching and vigorous growth under inverted microscope and SEM 1221:1289 BMSCs showed full stretching and vigorous growth under inverted microscope and SEM. 24665636 1 68 theme bone 224:227 arg1 material 236:243 a bone repair material 222:243 a bone repair material 222:243 OBJECTIVE To prepare sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material and to explore its feasibility as a bone repair material. 24665636 9 69 theme good 1348:1351 arg1 activities 1353:1362 good activities 1348:1362 good activities 1348:1362 BMSCs cultured with liquid extracts of the material had good activities. 24665636 3 70 theme X-ray 415:419 arg1 XRD 434:436 XRD 434:436 XRD 434:436 The composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and its porosity was measured by liquid displacement method. 24665636 3 70 theme X-ray 415:419 arg1 diffraction 421:431 X-ray diffraction 415:431 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 415:437 The composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and its porosity was measured by liquid displacement method. 24665636 4 71 theme bone 560:563 arg1 BMSCs 592:596 BMSCs 592:596 BMSCs 592:596 The fifth passage of bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) were incubated on the composite material and then growth was observed by inverted microscope and SEM. 24665636 4 71 theme bone 560:563 arg1 cells 585:589 bone marrow stromal stem cells 560:589 bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) 560:597 The fifth passage of bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) were incubated on the composite material and then growth was observed by inverted microscope and SEM. 24665636 0 72 theme sodium 16:21 arg1 material 61:68 sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material 16:68 sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material for bone repair 16:84 [Preparation of sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material for bone repair and its biocompatibility]. 24665636 11 73 theme medical 1540:1546 arg1 biomaterials 1548:1559 medical biomaterials 1540:1559 medical biomaterials 1540:1559 Hemolysis test results showed that the hemolysis rate of the composite material was 1.28%, thus meeting the requirement of medical biomaterials. 24665636 5 74 theme relative 826:833 arg1 RGR 848:850 RGR 848:850 RGR 848:850 BMSCs were cultured with liquid extracts of the material, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to calculate the relative growth rate (RGR) on 1, 3, 5 d and to evaluate the cytotoxicity. 24665636 5 74 theme relative 826:833 arg1 rate 842:845 the relative growth rate 822:845 the relative growth rate (RGR) on 1, 3, 5 d 822:864 BMSCs were cultured with liquid extracts of the material, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to calculate the relative growth rate (RGR) on 1, 3, 5 d and to evaluate the cytotoxicity. 27143766 2 0 theme 1 g/kg 532:537 arg1 diet 540:543 MOS (1 g/kg) diet 527:543 MOS (1 g/kg) diet 527:543 A 2 × 3 factorial experiment investigated the influence of molting vs. full feeding and dietary supplements [i.e., unsupplemented control, MOS (1 g/kg) diet, and OEO (24 mg/kg) diet] on production parameters, egg quality, serum stress indicators, blood constituents, tibial characteristics, liver antioxidant status, and cecal microflora composition. 27143766 1 1 theme laying 375:380 arg1 hens 382:385 forced molted or fully fed 82-week-old, laying hens 335:385 forced molted or fully fed 82-week-old, laying hens 335:385 The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of feed-grade preparations of mannan oligosaccharides ( MOS: ) and oregano essential oil ( OEO: ) in forced molted or fully fed 82-week-old, laying hens. 27143766 2 2 theme MOS 527:529 arg1 diet 540:543 MOS (1 g/kg) diet 527:543 MOS (1 g/kg) diet 527:543 A 2 × 3 factorial experiment investigated the influence of molting vs. full feeding and dietary supplements [i.e., unsupplemented control, MOS (1 g/kg) diet, and OEO (24 mg/kg) diet] on production parameters, egg quality, serum stress indicators, blood constituents, tibial characteristics, liver antioxidant status, and cecal microflora composition. 27143766 2 3 theme cecal 709:713 arg1 composition 726:736 cecal microflora composition 709:736 cecal microflora composition 709:736 A 2 × 3 factorial experiment investigated the influence of molting vs. full feeding and dietary supplements [i.e., unsupplemented control, MOS (1 g/kg) diet, and OEO (24 mg/kg) diet] on production parameters, egg quality, serum stress indicators, blood constituents, tibial characteristics, liver antioxidant status, and cecal microflora composition. 27143766 9 4 theme poor 1775:1778 arg1 mineralization 1780:1793 poor mineralization 1775:1793 poor mineralization 1775:1793 The bone ash (P < 0.01) and mineral content (P < 0.05) of molted hens were significantly lower than those of fully fed counterparts; however, poor mineralization was not reflected in the bones' mechanical properties. 27143766 0 5 theme age 175:177 arg1 weeks 166:170 82 and 106 weeks 155:170 weeks 166:170 Comparative evaluation of dietary supplementation with mannan oligosaccharide and oregano essential oil in forced molted and fully fed laying hens between 82 and 106 weeks of age. 27143766 1 6 theme feed-grade 237:246 arg1 preparations 248:259 feed-grade preparations 237:259 feed-grade preparations of mannan oligosaccharides ( MOS: ) and oregano essential oil ( OEO: ) 237:330 The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of feed-grade preparations of mannan oligosaccharides ( MOS: ) and oregano essential oil ( OEO: ) in forced molted or fully fed 82-week-old, laying hens. 27143766 3 7 dep 6 835:835 arg1 replicates 837:846 replicates 837:846 replicates of 24 hens each 837:862 A total of 864 Single Comb White Leghorn hens were randomly assigned to 6 treatments, each with 6 replicates of 24 hens each, and studied for 25 wk. 27143766 7 8 theme forced 1469:1474 arg1 hens 1483:1486 forced molted hens 1469:1486 forced molted hens 1469:1486 In fully fed hens, MOS supplementation improved (P < 0.01) the egg production, egg weight, and FCR, and an OEO addition significantly improved the egg production and FCR in forced molted hens. 27143766 9 9 theme molted 1691:1696 arg1 hens 1698:1701 molted hens 1691:1701 molted hens 1691:1701 The bone ash (P < 0.01) and mineral content (P < 0.05) of molted hens were significantly lower than those of fully fed counterparts; however, poor mineralization was not reflected in the bones' mechanical properties. 27143766 6 10 theme feed 1264:1267 arg1 FCR 1288:1290 FCR: 1288:1291 FCR: 1288:1291 Significant (P < 0.01) interactions between molting and diet were observed for the egg production, egg weight, egg mass, and feed conversion ratio ( FCR: ). 27143766 6 10 theme feed 1264:1267 arg1 ratio 1280:1284 feed conversion ratio 1264:1284 feed conversion ratio ( FCR: ) 1264:1293 Significant (P < 0.01) interactions between molting and diet were observed for the egg production, egg weight, egg mass, and feed conversion ratio ( FCR: ). 27143766 2 11 theme microflora 715:724 arg1 composition 726:736 cecal microflora composition 709:736 cecal microflora composition 709:736 A 2 × 3 factorial experiment investigated the influence of molting vs. full feeding and dietary supplements [i.e., unsupplemented control, MOS (1 g/kg) diet, and OEO (24 mg/kg) diet] on production parameters, egg quality, serum stress indicators, blood constituents, tibial characteristics, liver antioxidant status, and cecal microflora composition. 27143766 2 12 theme tibial 655:660 arg1 characteristics 662:676 tibial characteristics 655:676 tibial characteristics 655:676 A 2 × 3 factorial experiment investigated the influence of molting vs. full feeding and dietary supplements [i.e., unsupplemented control, MOS (1 g/kg) diet, and OEO (24 mg/kg) diet] on production parameters, egg quality, serum stress indicators, blood constituents, tibial characteristics, liver antioxidant status, and cecal microflora composition. 27143766 1 13 from efficacy 225:232 arg1 hens 382:385 forced molted or fully fed 82-week-old, laying hens 335:385 forced molted or fully fed 82-week-old, laying hens 335:385 The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of feed-grade preparations of mannan oligosaccharides ( MOS: ) and oregano essential oil ( OEO: ) in forced molted or fully fed 82-week-old, laying hens. 27143766 1 14 theme molted 342:347 arg1 hens 382:385 forced molted or fully fed 82-week-old, laying hens 335:385 forced molted or fully fed 82-week-old, laying hens 335:385 The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of feed-grade preparations of mannan oligosaccharides ( MOS: ) and oregano essential oil ( OEO: ) in forced molted or fully fed 82-week-old, laying hens. 27143766 2 15 theme egg 597:599 arg1 quality 601:607 egg quality 597:607 egg quality 597:607 A 2 × 3 factorial experiment investigated the influence of molting vs. full feeding and dietary supplements [i.e., unsupplemented control, MOS (1 g/kg) diet, and OEO (24 mg/kg) diet] on production parameters, egg quality, serum stress indicators, blood constituents, tibial characteristics, liver antioxidant status, and cecal microflora composition. 27143766 7 16 theme egg 1443:1445 arg1 production 1447:1456 the egg production 1439:1456 the egg production 1439:1456 In fully fed hens, MOS supplementation improved (P < 0.01) the egg production, egg weight, and FCR, and an OEO addition significantly improved the egg production and FCR in forced molted hens. 27143766 9 17 theme P 1647:1647 arg1 ash 1642:1644 The bone ash 1633:1644 The bone ash (P < 0.01) 1633:1655 The bone ash (P < 0.01) and mineral content (P < 0.05) of molted hens were significantly lower than those of fully fed counterparts; however, poor mineralization was not reflected in the bones' mechanical properties. 27143766 9 17 theme P 1647:1647 arg1 < 0.01 1649:1654 P < 0.01 1647:1654 P < 0.01 1647:1654 The bone ash (P < 0.01) and mineral content (P < 0.05) of molted hens were significantly lower than those of fully fed counterparts; however, poor mineralization was not reflected in the bones' mechanical properties. 27143766 11 18 theme cecal 2084:2088 arg1 bacteria 2101:2108 cecal pathogenic bacteria 2084:2108 cecal pathogenic bacteria 2084:2108 Both the MOS and particularly the OEO supplementation improved (P < 0.01) liver antioxidant status and mitigated the significant increase in cecal pathogenic bacteria after molt. 27143766 2 19 theme stress 616:621 arg1 indicators 623:632 serum stress indicators 610:632 serum stress indicators 610:632 A 2 × 3 factorial experiment investigated the influence of molting vs. full feeding and dietary supplements [i.e., unsupplemented control, MOS (1 g/kg) diet, and OEO (24 mg/kg) diet] on production parameters, egg quality, serum stress indicators, blood constituents, tibial characteristics, liver antioxidant status, and cecal microflora composition. 27143766 3 20 theme White 766:770 arg1 hens 780:783 864 Single Comb White Leghorn hens 750:783 864 Single Comb White Leghorn hens 750:783 A total of 864 Single Comb White Leghorn hens were randomly assigned to 6 treatments, each with 6 replicates of 24 hens each, and studied for 25 wk. 27143766 9 21 theme mineral 1661:1667 arg1 content 1669:1675 mineral content 1661:1675 mineral content (P < 0.05) 1661:1686 The bone ash (P < 0.01) and mineral content (P < 0.05) of molted hens were significantly lower than those of fully fed counterparts; however, poor mineralization was not reflected in the bones' mechanical properties. 27143766 9 21 theme mineral 1661:1667 arg1 < 0.05 1680:1685 P < 0.05 1678:1685 P < 0.05 1678:1685 The bone ash (P < 0.01) and mineral content (P < 0.05) of molted hens were significantly lower than those of fully fed counterparts; however, poor mineralization was not reflected in the bones' mechanical properties. 27143766 12 22 theme OEO 2287:2289 arg1 supplementation 2291:2305 OEO supplementation 2287:2305 OEO supplementation 2287:2305 Our results indicate that full feeding with an aa+wb diet is an effective non-feed-removal method for molted hens, the benefit of which can be improved with MOS and OEO supplementation. 27143766 0 23 theme essential 90:98 arg1 oil 100:102 oregano essential oil 82:102 oregano essential oil 82:102 Comparative evaluation of dietary supplementation with mannan oligosaccharide and oregano essential oil in forced molted and fully fed laying hens between 82 and 106 weeks of age. 27143766 1 24 theme essential 309:317 arg1 OEO 325:327 OEO 325:327 OEO 325:327 The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of feed-grade preparations of mannan oligosaccharides ( MOS: ) and oregano essential oil ( OEO: ) in forced molted or fully fed 82-week-old, laying hens. 27143766 1 24 theme essential 309:317 arg1 oil 319:321 oregano essential oil 301:321 oregano essential oil ( OEO: ) 301:330 The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of feed-grade preparations of mannan oligosaccharides ( MOS: ) and oregano essential oil ( OEO: ) in forced molted or fully fed 82-week-old, laying hens. 27143766 8 25 theme egg 1506:1508 arg1 quality 1510:1516 egg quality 1506:1516 egg quality 1506:1516 Molting improved egg quality despite the significant regression in ovary and oviduct weight (P < 0.01), though supplements showed no influence. 27143766 3 26 theme Single 754:759 arg1 hens 780:783 864 Single Comb White Leghorn hens 750:783 864 Single Comb White Leghorn hens 750:783 A total of 864 Single Comb White Leghorn hens were randomly assigned to 6 treatments, each with 6 replicates of 24 hens each, and studied for 25 wk. 27143766 7 27 theme fed 1305:1307 arg1 hens 1309:1312 fully fed hens 1299:1312 fully fed hens 1299:1312 In fully fed hens, MOS supplementation improved (P < 0.01) the egg production, egg weight, and FCR, and an OEO addition significantly improved the egg production and FCR in forced molted hens. 27143766 2 28 theme full 459:462 arg1 feeding 464:470 full feeding 459:470 full feeding 459:470 A 2 × 3 factorial experiment investigated the influence of molting vs. full feeding and dietary supplements [i.e., unsupplemented control, MOS (1 g/kg) diet, and OEO (24 mg/kg) diet] on production parameters, egg quality, serum stress indicators, blood constituents, tibial characteristics, liver antioxidant status, and cecal microflora composition. 27143766 2 29 theme 24 mg/kg 555:562 arg1 diet 565:568 OEO (24 mg/kg) diet 550:568 OEO (24 mg/kg) diet 550:568 A 2 × 3 factorial experiment investigated the influence of molting vs. full feeding and dietary supplements [i.e., unsupplemented control, MOS (1 g/kg) diet, and OEO (24 mg/kg) diet] on production parameters, egg quality, serum stress indicators, blood constituents, tibial characteristics, liver antioxidant status, and cecal microflora composition. 27143766 5 30 theme full 1047:1050 arg1 feed 1052:1055 full feed 1047:1055 full feed 1047:1055 Results indicate that molt vs. full feed impacted more on most variables measured than supplementation or supplement type. 27143766 4 31 dep fed 898:900 arg1 returned 985:992 returned 985:992 returned to the laying ration 985:1013 Hens were fed a molt diet containing of 50% alfalfa and 50% wheat bran ( AA+WB: ) for 12 d, then returned to the laying ration. 27143766 2 32 theme molting 447:453 arg1 influence 434:442 the influence 430:442 the influence of molting vs. full feeding and dietary supplements [i.e., unsupplemented control, MOS (1 g/kg) diet, and OEO (24 mg/kg) diet] on production parameters, egg quality, serum stress indicators, blood constituents, tibial characteristics, liver antioxidant status, and cecal microflora composition 430:736 A 2 × 3 factorial experiment investigated the influence of molting vs. full feeding and dietary supplements [i.e., unsupplemented control, MOS (1 g/kg) diet, and OEO (24 mg/kg) diet] on production parameters, egg quality, serum stress indicators, blood constituents, tibial characteristics, liver antioxidant status, and cecal microflora composition. 27143766 2 33 theme OEO 550:552 arg1 diet 565:568 OEO (24 mg/kg) diet 550:568 OEO (24 mg/kg) diet 550:568 A 2 × 3 factorial experiment investigated the influence of molting vs. full feeding and dietary supplements [i.e., unsupplemented control, MOS (1 g/kg) diet, and OEO (24 mg/kg) diet] on production parameters, egg quality, serum stress indicators, blood constituents, tibial characteristics, liver antioxidant status, and cecal microflora composition. 27143766 0 34 theme molted 114:119 arg1 hens 142:145 forced molted and fully fed laying hens 107:145 forced molted and fully fed laying hens between 82 and 106 weeks of age 107:177 Comparative evaluation of dietary supplementation with mannan oligosaccharide and oregano essential oil in forced molted and fully fed laying hens between 82 and 106 weeks of age. 27143766 8 35 theme significant 1530:1540 arg1 regression 1542:1551 the significant regression 1526:1551 the significant regression in ovary and oviduct weight (P < 0.01) 1526:1590 Molting improved egg quality despite the significant regression in ovary and oviduct weight (P < 0.01), though supplements showed no influence. 27143766 3 36 theme hens 780:783 arg1 total 741:745 A total 739:745 A total of 864 Single Comb White Leghorn hens 739:783 A total of 864 Single Comb White Leghorn hens were randomly assigned to 6 treatments, each with 6 replicates of 24 hens each, and studied for 25 wk. 27143766 12 37 theme hens 2231:2234 arg1 benefit 2241:2247 the benefit 2237:2247 the benefit 2237:2247 Our results indicate that full feeding with an aa+wb diet is an effective non-feed-removal method for molted hens, the benefit of which can be improved with MOS and OEO supplementation. 27143766 0 38 theme Comparative 0:10 arg1 evaluation 12:21 Comparative evaluation 0:21 Comparative evaluation of dietary supplementation with mannan oligosaccharide and oregano essential oil in forced molted and fully fed laying hens between 82 and 106 weeks of age. 0:178 Comparative evaluation of dietary supplementation with mannan oligosaccharide and oregano essential oil in forced molted and fully fed laying hens between 82 and 106 weeks of age. 27143766 1 39 theme preparations 248:259 arg1 efficacy 225:232 the efficacy 221:232 the efficacy of feed-grade preparations of mannan oligosaccharides ( MOS: ) and oregano essential oil ( OEO: ) in forced molted or fully fed 82-week-old, laying hens 221:385 The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of feed-grade preparations of mannan oligosaccharides ( MOS: ) and oregano essential oil ( OEO: ) in forced molted or fully fed 82-week-old, laying hens. 27143766 9 40 theme hens 1698:1701 arg1 lower 1722:1726 lower 1722:1726 lower 1722:1726 The bone ash (P < 0.01) and mineral content (P < 0.05) of molted hens were significantly lower than those of fully fed counterparts; however, poor mineralization was not reflected in the bones' mechanical properties. 27143766 9 40 theme hens 1698:1701 arg1 content 1669:1675 mineral content 1661:1675 mineral content (P < 0.05) 1661:1686 The bone ash (P < 0.01) and mineral content (P < 0.05) of molted hens were significantly lower than those of fully fed counterparts; however, poor mineralization was not reflected in the bones' mechanical properties. 27143766 9 40 theme hens 1698:1701 arg1 < 0.05 1680:1685 P < 0.05 1678:1685 P < 0.05 1678:1685 The bone ash (P < 0.01) and mineral content (P < 0.05) of molted hens were significantly lower than those of fully fed counterparts; however, poor mineralization was not reflected in the bones' mechanical properties. 27143766 9 40 theme hens 1698:1701 arg1 ash 1642:1644 The bone ash 1633:1644 The bone ash (P < 0.01) 1633:1655 The bone ash (P < 0.01) and mineral content (P < 0.05) of molted hens were significantly lower than those of fully fed counterparts; however, poor mineralization was not reflected in the bones' mechanical properties. 27143766 9 40 theme hens 1698:1701 arg1 < 0.01 1649:1654 P < 0.01 1647:1654 P < 0.01 1647:1654 The bone ash (P < 0.01) and mineral content (P < 0.05) of molted hens were significantly lower than those of fully fed counterparts; however, poor mineralization was not reflected in the bones' mechanical properties. 27143766 1 41 theme mannan 264:269 arg1 MOS 290:292 MOS: 290:293 MOS: 290:293 The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of feed-grade preparations of mannan oligosaccharides ( MOS: ) and oregano essential oil ( OEO: ) in forced molted or fully fed 82-week-old, laying hens. 27143766 1 41 theme mannan 264:269 arg1 oligosaccharides 271:286 mannan oligosaccharides 264:286 mannan oligosaccharides ( MOS: ) 264:295 The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of feed-grade preparations of mannan oligosaccharides ( MOS: ) and oregano essential oil ( OEO: ) in forced molted or fully fed 82-week-old, laying hens. 27143766 2 42 theme factorial 396:404 arg1 experiment 406:415 A 2 × 3 factorial experiment 388:415 A 2 × 3 factorial experiment 388:415 A 2 × 3 factorial experiment investigated the influence of molting vs. full feeding and dietary supplements [i.e., unsupplemented control, MOS (1 g/kg) diet, and OEO (24 mg/kg) diet] on production parameters, egg quality, serum stress indicators, blood constituents, tibial characteristics, liver antioxidant status, and cecal microflora composition. 27143766 0 43 theme supplementation 34:48 arg1 evaluation 12:21 Comparative evaluation 0:21 Comparative evaluation of dietary supplementation with mannan oligosaccharide and oregano essential oil in forced molted and fully fed laying hens between 82 and 106 weeks of age. 0:178 Comparative evaluation of dietary supplementation with mannan oligosaccharide and oregano essential oil in forced molted and fully fed laying hens between 82 and 106 weeks of age. 27143766 2 44 theme × 392:392 arg1 experiment 406:415 A 2 × 3 factorial experiment 388:415 A 2 × 3 factorial experiment 388:415 A 2 × 3 factorial experiment investigated the influence of molting vs. full feeding and dietary supplements [i.e., unsupplemented control, MOS (1 g/kg) diet, and OEO (24 mg/kg) diet] on production parameters, egg quality, serum stress indicators, blood constituents, tibial characteristics, liver antioxidant status, and cecal microflora composition. 27143766 0 45 theme mannan 55:60 arg1 oligosaccharide 62:76 mannan oligosaccharide 55:76 mannan oligosaccharide 55:76 Comparative evaluation of dietary supplementation with mannan oligosaccharide and oregano essential oil in forced molted and fully fed laying hens between 82 and 106 weeks of age. 27143766 1 46 theme study 196:200 arg1 aim 184:186 The aim 180:186 The aim of this study 180:200 The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of feed-grade preparations of mannan oligosaccharides ( MOS: ) and oregano essential oil ( OEO: ) in forced molted or fully fed 82-week-old, laying hens. 27143766 12 47 theme molted 2224:2229 arg1 hens 2231:2234 molted hens 2224:2234 molted hens 2224:2234 Our results indicate that full feeding with an aa+wb diet is an effective non-feed-removal method for molted hens, the benefit of which can be improved with MOS and OEO supplementation. 27143766 12 48 theme aa+wb 2169:2173 arg1 diet 2175:2178 an aa+wb diet 2166:2178 an aa+wb diet 2166:2178 Our results indicate that full feeding with an aa+wb diet is an effective non-feed-removal method for molted hens, the benefit of which can be improved with MOS and OEO supplementation. 27143766 9 49 theme fed 1748:1750 arg1 counterparts 1752:1763 fully fed counterparts 1742:1763 fully fed counterparts 1742:1763 The bone ash (P < 0.01) and mineral content (P < 0.05) of molted hens were significantly lower than those of fully fed counterparts; however, poor mineralization was not reflected in the bones' mechanical properties. 27143766 0 50 with supplementation 34:48 arg1 oil 100:102 oregano essential oil 82:102 oregano essential oil 82:102 Comparative evaluation of dietary supplementation with mannan oligosaccharide and oregano essential oil in forced molted and fully fed laying hens between 82 and 106 weeks of age. 27143766 0 50 with supplementation 34:48 arg1 oligosaccharide 62:76 mannan oligosaccharide 55:76 mannan oligosaccharide 55:76 Comparative evaluation of dietary supplementation with mannan oligosaccharide and oregano essential oil in forced molted and fully fed laying hens between 82 and 106 weeks of age. 27143766 6 51 theme egg 1238:1240 arg1 weight 1242:1247 egg weight 1238:1247 egg weight 1238:1247 Significant (P < 0.01) interactions between molting and diet were observed for the egg production, egg weight, egg mass, and feed conversion ratio ( FCR: ). 27143766 4 52 theme molt 904:907 arg1 diet 909:912 a molt diet 902:912 a molt diet containing of 50% alfalfa and 50% wheat bran ( AA+WB: ) 902:968 Hens were fed a molt diet containing of 50% alfalfa and 50% wheat bran ( AA+WB: ) for 12 d, then returned to the laying ration. 27143766 2 53 dep feeding 464:470 arg1 diet 540:543 MOS (1 g/kg) diet 527:543 MOS (1 g/kg) diet 527:543 A 2 × 3 factorial experiment investigated the influence of molting vs. full feeding and dietary supplements [i.e., unsupplemented control, MOS (1 g/kg) diet, and OEO (24 mg/kg) diet] on production parameters, egg quality, serum stress indicators, blood constituents, tibial characteristics, liver antioxidant status, and cecal microflora composition. 27143766 2 53 dep feeding 464:470 arg1 [i.e. 496:500 [i.e. 496:500 [i.e. 496:500 A 2 × 3 factorial experiment investigated the influence of molting vs. full feeding and dietary supplements [i.e., unsupplemented control, MOS (1 g/kg) diet, and OEO (24 mg/kg) diet] on production parameters, egg quality, serum stress indicators, blood constituents, tibial characteristics, liver antioxidant status, and cecal microflora composition. 27143766 2 53 dep feeding 464:470 arg1 diet 565:568 OEO (24 mg/kg) diet 550:568 OEO (24 mg/kg) diet 550:568 A 2 × 3 factorial experiment investigated the influence of molting vs. full feeding and dietary supplements [i.e., unsupplemented control, MOS (1 g/kg) diet, and OEO (24 mg/kg) diet] on production parameters, egg quality, serum stress indicators, blood constituents, tibial characteristics, liver antioxidant status, and cecal microflora composition. 27143766 2 53 dep feeding 464:470 arg1 control 518:524 unsupplemented control 503:524 unsupplemented control 503:524 A 2 × 3 factorial experiment investigated the influence of molting vs. full feeding and dietary supplements [i.e., unsupplemented control, MOS (1 g/kg) diet, and OEO (24 mg/kg) diet] on production parameters, egg quality, serum stress indicators, blood constituents, tibial characteristics, liver antioxidant status, and cecal microflora composition. 27143766 10 54 theme hematological 1912:1924 arg1 characteristics 1926:1940 hematological characteristics 1912:1940 hematological characteristics 1912:1940 No significant differences were observed among treatments for hematological characteristics. 27143766 7 55 theme molted 1476:1481 arg1 hens 1483:1486 forced molted hens 1469:1486 forced molted hens 1469:1486 In fully fed hens, MOS supplementation improved (P < 0.01) the egg production, egg weight, and FCR, and an OEO addition significantly improved the egg production and FCR in forced molted hens. 27143766 4 56 theme wheat 948:952 arg1 AA+WB 961:965 AA+WB: 961:966 AA+WB: 961:966 Hens were fed a molt diet containing of 50% alfalfa and 50% wheat bran ( AA+WB: ) for 12 d, then returned to the laying ration. 27143766 4 56 theme wheat 948:952 arg1 bran 954:957 wheat bran 948:957 50% wheat bran ( AA+WB: ) 944:968 Hens were fed a molt diet containing of 50% alfalfa and 50% wheat bran ( AA+WB: ) for 12 d, then returned to the laying ration. 27143766 8 57 theme P 1582:1582 arg1 ovary 1556:1560 ovary 1556:1560 ovary 1556:1560 Molting improved egg quality despite the significant regression in ovary and oviduct weight (P < 0.01), though supplements showed no influence. 27143766 8 57 theme P 1582:1582 arg1 < 0.01 1584:1589 P < 0.01 1582:1589 P < 0.01 1582:1589 Molting improved egg quality despite the significant regression in ovary and oviduct weight (P < 0.01), though supplements showed no influence. 27143766 11 58 dep improved 1997:2004 arg1 P 2007:2007 P < 0.01 2007:2014 P < 0.01 2007:2014 Both the MOS and particularly the OEO supplementation improved (P < 0.01) liver antioxidant status and mitigated the significant increase in cecal pathogenic bacteria after molt. 27143766 2 59 theme blood 635:639 arg1 constituents 641:652 blood constituents 635:652 blood constituents 635:652 A 2 × 3 factorial experiment investigated the influence of molting vs. full feeding and dietary supplements [i.e., unsupplemented control, MOS (1 g/kg) diet, and OEO (24 mg/kg) diet] on production parameters, egg quality, serum stress indicators, blood constituents, tibial characteristics, liver antioxidant status, and cecal microflora composition. 27143766 7 60 theme egg 1359:1361 arg1 P 1345:1345 P < 0.01 1345:1352 P < 0.01 1345:1352 In fully fed hens, MOS supplementation improved (P < 0.01) the egg production, egg weight, and FCR, and an OEO addition significantly improved the egg production and FCR in forced molted hens. 27143766 7 60 theme egg 1359:1361 arg1 production 1363:1372 the egg production 1355:1372 the egg production 1355:1372 In fully fed hens, MOS supplementation improved (P < 0.01) the egg production, egg weight, and FCR, and an OEO addition significantly improved the egg production and FCR in forced molted hens. 27143766 2 61 theme liver 679:683 arg1 status 697:702 liver antioxidant status 679:702 liver antioxidant status 679:702 A 2 × 3 factorial experiment investigated the influence of molting vs. full feeding and dietary supplements [i.e., unsupplemented control, MOS (1 g/kg) diet, and OEO (24 mg/kg) diet] on production parameters, egg quality, serum stress indicators, blood constituents, tibial characteristics, liver antioxidant status, and cecal microflora composition. 27143766 0 62 theme fed 131:133 arg1 hens 142:145 forced molted and fully fed laying hens 107:145 forced molted and fully fed laying hens between 82 and 106 weeks of age 107:177 Comparative evaluation of dietary supplementation with mannan oligosaccharide and oregano essential oil in forced molted and fully fed laying hens between 82 and 106 weeks of age. 27143766 6 63 theme conversion 1269:1278 arg1 FCR 1288:1290 FCR: 1288:1291 FCR: 1288:1291 Significant (P < 0.01) interactions between molting and diet were observed for the egg production, egg weight, egg mass, and feed conversion ratio ( FCR: ). 27143766 6 63 theme conversion 1269:1278 arg1 ratio 1280:1284 feed conversion ratio 1264:1284 feed conversion ratio ( FCR: ) 1264:1293 Significant (P < 0.01) interactions between molting and diet were observed for the egg production, egg weight, egg mass, and feed conversion ratio ( FCR: ). 27143766 2 64 theme dietary 476:482 arg1 supplements 484:494 dietary supplements 476:494 dietary supplements 476:494 A 2 × 3 factorial experiment investigated the influence of molting vs. full feeding and dietary supplements [i.e., unsupplemented control, MOS (1 g/kg) diet, and OEO (24 mg/kg) diet] on production parameters, egg quality, serum stress indicators, blood constituents, tibial characteristics, liver antioxidant status, and cecal microflora composition. 27143766 12 65 theme full 2148:2151 arg1 method 2213:2218 an effective non-feed-removal method 2183:2218 an effective non-feed-removal method for molted hens, the benefit of which can be improved with MOS and OEO supplementation 2183:2305 Our results indicate that full feeding with an aa+wb diet is an effective non-feed-removal method for molted hens, the benefit of which can be improved with MOS and OEO supplementation. 27143766 12 65 theme full 2148:2151 arg1 feeding 2153:2159 full feeding 2148:2159 full feeding with an aa+wb diet 2148:2178 Our results indicate that full feeding with an aa+wb diet is an effective non-feed-removal method for molted hens, the benefit of which can be improved with MOS and OEO supplementation. 27143766 1 66 theme forced 335:340 arg1 hens 382:385 forced molted or fully fed 82-week-old, laying hens 335:385 forced molted or fully fed 82-week-old, laying hens 335:385 The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of feed-grade preparations of mannan oligosaccharides ( MOS: ) and oregano essential oil ( OEO: ) in forced molted or fully fed 82-week-old, laying hens. 27143766 2 67 theme feeding 464:470 arg1 influence 434:442 the influence 430:442 the influence of molting vs. full feeding and dietary supplements [i.e., unsupplemented control, MOS (1 g/kg) diet, and OEO (24 mg/kg) diet] on production parameters, egg quality, serum stress indicators, blood constituents, tibial characteristics, liver antioxidant status, and cecal microflora composition 430:736 A 2 × 3 factorial experiment investigated the influence of molting vs. full feeding and dietary supplements [i.e., unsupplemented control, MOS (1 g/kg) diet, and OEO (24 mg/kg) diet] on production parameters, egg quality, serum stress indicators, blood constituents, tibial characteristics, liver antioxidant status, and cecal microflora composition. 27143766 2 68 from influence 434:442 arg1 indicators 623:632 serum stress indicators 610:632 serum stress indicators 610:632 A 2 × 3 factorial experiment investigated the influence of molting vs. full feeding and dietary supplements [i.e., unsupplemented control, MOS (1 g/kg) diet, and OEO (24 mg/kg) diet] on production parameters, egg quality, serum stress indicators, blood constituents, tibial characteristics, liver antioxidant status, and cecal microflora composition. 27143766 2 68 from influence 434:442 arg1 characteristics 662:676 tibial characteristics 655:676 tibial characteristics 655:676 A 2 × 3 factorial experiment investigated the influence of molting vs. full feeding and dietary supplements [i.e., unsupplemented control, MOS (1 g/kg) diet, and OEO (24 mg/kg) diet] on production parameters, egg quality, serum stress indicators, blood constituents, tibial characteristics, liver antioxidant status, and cecal microflora composition. 27143766 2 68 from influence 434:442 arg1 parameters 585:594 production parameters 574:594 production parameters 574:594 A 2 × 3 factorial experiment investigated the influence of molting vs. full feeding and dietary supplements [i.e., unsupplemented control, MOS (1 g/kg) diet, and OEO (24 mg/kg) diet] on production parameters, egg quality, serum stress indicators, blood constituents, tibial characteristics, liver antioxidant status, and cecal microflora composition. 27143766 2 68 from influence 434:442 arg1 quality 601:607 egg quality 597:607 egg quality 597:607 A 2 × 3 factorial experiment investigated the influence of molting vs. full feeding and dietary supplements [i.e., unsupplemented control, MOS (1 g/kg) diet, and OEO (24 mg/kg) diet] on production parameters, egg quality, serum stress indicators, blood constituents, tibial characteristics, liver antioxidant status, and cecal microflora composition. 27143766 2 68 from influence 434:442 arg1 composition 726:736 cecal microflora composition 709:736 cecal microflora composition 709:736 A 2 × 3 factorial experiment investigated the influence of molting vs. full feeding and dietary supplements [i.e., unsupplemented control, MOS (1 g/kg) diet, and OEO (24 mg/kg) diet] on production parameters, egg quality, serum stress indicators, blood constituents, tibial characteristics, liver antioxidant status, and cecal microflora composition. 27143766 2 68 from influence 434:442 arg1 constituents 641:652 blood constituents 635:652 blood constituents 635:652 A 2 × 3 factorial experiment investigated the influence of molting vs. full feeding and dietary supplements [i.e., unsupplemented control, MOS (1 g/kg) diet, and OEO (24 mg/kg) diet] on production parameters, egg quality, serum stress indicators, blood constituents, tibial characteristics, liver antioxidant status, and cecal microflora composition. 27143766 2 68 from influence 434:442 arg1 status 697:702 liver antioxidant status 679:702 liver antioxidant status 679:702 A 2 × 3 factorial experiment investigated the influence of molting vs. full feeding and dietary supplements [i.e., unsupplemented control, MOS (1 g/kg) diet, and OEO (24 mg/kg) diet] on production parameters, egg quality, serum stress indicators, blood constituents, tibial characteristics, liver antioxidant status, and cecal microflora composition. 27143766 9 69 theme bone 1637:1640 arg1 lower 1722:1726 lower 1722:1726 lower 1722:1726 The bone ash (P < 0.01) and mineral content (P < 0.05) of molted hens were significantly lower than those of fully fed counterparts; however, poor mineralization was not reflected in the bones' mechanical properties. 27143766 9 69 theme bone 1637:1640 arg1 ash 1642:1644 The bone ash 1633:1644 The bone ash (P < 0.01) 1633:1655 The bone ash (P < 0.01) and mineral content (P < 0.05) of molted hens were significantly lower than those of fully fed counterparts; however, poor mineralization was not reflected in the bones' mechanical properties. 27143766 9 69 theme bone 1637:1640 arg1 < 0.01 1649:1654 P < 0.01 1647:1654 P < 0.01 1647:1654 The bone ash (P < 0.01) and mineral content (P < 0.05) of molted hens were significantly lower than those of fully fed counterparts; however, poor mineralization was not reflected in the bones' mechanical properties. 27143766 9 70 theme mechanical 1827:1836 arg1 properties 1838:1847 the bones' mechanical properties 1816:1847 the bones' mechanical properties 1816:1847 The bone ash (P < 0.01) and mineral content (P < 0.05) of molted hens were significantly lower than those of fully fed counterparts; however, poor mineralization was not reflected in the bones' mechanical properties. 27143766 0 71 theme 82 155:156 arg1 weeks 166:170 82 and 106 weeks 155:170 weeks 166:170 Comparative evaluation of dietary supplementation with mannan oligosaccharide and oregano essential oil in forced molted and fully fed laying hens between 82 and 106 weeks of age. 27143766 2 72 theme unsupplemented 503:516 arg1 control 518:524 unsupplemented control 503:524 unsupplemented control 503:524 A 2 × 3 factorial experiment investigated the influence of molting vs. full feeding and dietary supplements [i.e., unsupplemented control, MOS (1 g/kg) diet, and OEO (24 mg/kg) diet] on production parameters, egg quality, serum stress indicators, blood constituents, tibial characteristics, liver antioxidant status, and cecal microflora composition. 27143766 12 73 with feeding 2153:2159 arg1 diet 2175:2178 an aa+wb diet 2166:2178 an aa+wb diet 2166:2178 Our results indicate that full feeding with an aa+wb diet is an effective non-feed-removal method for molted hens, the benefit of which can be improved with MOS and OEO supplementation. 27143766 0 74 theme 106 162:164 arg1 weeks 166:170 82 and 106 weeks 155:170 weeks 166:170 Comparative evaluation of dietary supplementation with mannan oligosaccharide and oregano essential oil in forced molted and fully fed laying hens between 82 and 106 weeks of age. 27143766 1 75 theme fed 358:360 arg1 hens 382:385 forced molted or fully fed 82-week-old, laying hens 335:385 forced molted or fully fed 82-week-old, laying hens 335:385 The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of feed-grade preparations of mannan oligosaccharides ( MOS: ) and oregano essential oil ( OEO: ) in forced molted or fully fed 82-week-old, laying hens. 27143766 7 76 theme MOS 1315:1317 arg1 supplementation 1319:1333 MOS supplementation 1315:1333 MOS supplementation 1315:1333 In fully fed hens, MOS supplementation improved (P < 0.01) the egg production, egg weight, and FCR, and an OEO addition significantly improved the egg production and FCR in forced molted hens. 27143766 0 77 theme oregano 82:88 arg1 oil 100:102 oregano essential oil 82:102 oregano essential oil 82:102 Comparative evaluation of dietary supplementation with mannan oligosaccharide and oregano essential oil in forced molted and fully fed laying hens between 82 and 106 weeks of age. 27143766 3 78 theme Comb 761:764 arg1 hens 780:783 864 Single Comb White Leghorn hens 750:783 864 Single Comb White Leghorn hens 750:783 A total of 864 Single Comb White Leghorn hens were randomly assigned to 6 treatments, each with 6 replicates of 24 hens each, and studied for 25 wk. 27143766 2 79 theme serum 610:614 arg1 indicators 623:632 serum stress indicators 610:632 serum stress indicators 610:632 A 2 × 3 factorial experiment investigated the influence of molting vs. full feeding and dietary supplements [i.e., unsupplemented control, MOS (1 g/kg) diet, and OEO (24 mg/kg) diet] on production parameters, egg quality, serum stress indicators, blood constituents, tibial characteristics, liver antioxidant status, and cecal microflora composition. 27143766 8 80 from regression 1542:1551 arg1 oviduct 1566:1572 oviduct 1566:1572 oviduct 1566:1572 Molting improved egg quality despite the significant regression in ovary and oviduct weight (P < 0.01), though supplements showed no influence. 27143766 8 80 from regression 1542:1551 arg1 ovary 1556:1560 ovary 1556:1560 ovary 1556:1560 Molting improved egg quality despite the significant regression in ovary and oviduct weight (P < 0.01), though supplements showed no influence. 27143766 8 80 from regression 1542:1551 arg1 < 0.01 1584:1589 P < 0.01 1582:1589 P < 0.01 1582:1589 Molting improved egg quality despite the significant regression in ovary and oviduct weight (P < 0.01), though supplements showed no influence. 27143766 1 81 theme oregano 301:307 arg1 OEO 325:327 OEO 325:327 OEO 325:327 The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of feed-grade preparations of mannan oligosaccharides ( MOS: ) and oregano essential oil ( OEO: ) in forced molted or fully fed 82-week-old, laying hens. 27143766 1 81 theme oregano 301:307 arg1 oil 319:321 oregano essential oil 301:321 oregano essential oil ( OEO: ) 301:330 The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of feed-grade preparations of mannan oligosaccharides ( MOS: ) and oregano essential oil ( OEO: ) in forced molted or fully fed 82-week-old, laying hens. 27143766 6 82 dep Significant 1139:1149 arg1 P 1152:1152 P < 0.01 1152:1159 P < 0.01 1152:1159 Significant (P < 0.01) interactions between molting and diet were observed for the egg production, egg weight, egg mass, and feed conversion ratio ( FCR: ). 27143766 4 83 dep % 946:946 arg1 AA+WB 961:965 AA+WB: 961:966 AA+WB: 961:966 Hens were fed a molt diet containing of 50% alfalfa and 50% wheat bran ( AA+WB: ) for 12 d, then returned to the laying ration. 27143766 4 83 dep % 946:946 arg1 bran 954:957 wheat bran 948:957 50% wheat bran ( AA+WB: ) 944:968 Hens were fed a molt diet containing of 50% alfalfa and 50% wheat bran ( AA+WB: ) for 12 d, then returned to the laying ration. 27143766 3 84 theme Leghorn 772:778 arg1 hens 780:783 864 Single Comb White Leghorn hens 750:783 864 Single Comb White Leghorn hens 750:783 A total of 864 Single Comb White Leghorn hens were randomly assigned to 6 treatments, each with 6 replicates of 24 hens each, and studied for 25 wk. 27143766 0 85 from evaluation 12:21 arg1 hens 142:145 forced molted and fully fed laying hens 107:145 forced molted and fully fed laying hens between 82 and 106 weeks of age 107:177 Comparative evaluation of dietary supplementation with mannan oligosaccharide and oregano essential oil in forced molted and fully fed laying hens between 82 and 106 weeks of age. 27143766 0 86 theme forced 107:112 arg1 hens 142:145 forced molted and fully fed laying hens 107:145 forced molted and fully fed laying hens between 82 and 106 weeks of age 107:177 Comparative evaluation of dietary supplementation with mannan oligosaccharide and oregano essential oil in forced molted and fully fed laying hens between 82 and 106 weeks of age. 27143766 1 87 theme oil 319:321 arg1 preparations 248:259 feed-grade preparations 237:259 feed-grade preparations of mannan oligosaccharides ( MOS: ) and oregano essential oil ( OEO: ) 237:330 The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of feed-grade preparations of mannan oligosaccharides ( MOS: ) and oregano essential oil ( OEO: ) in forced molted or fully fed 82-week-old, laying hens. 27143766 10 88 theme significant 1853:1863 arg1 differences 1865:1875 No significant differences 1850:1875 No significant differences 1850:1875 No significant differences were observed among treatments for hematological characteristics. 27143766 11 89 theme liver 2017:2021 arg1 status 2035:2040 liver antioxidant status 2017:2040 liver antioxidant status 2017:2040 Both the MOS and particularly the OEO supplementation improved (P < 0.01) liver antioxidant status and mitigated the significant increase in cecal pathogenic bacteria after molt. 27143766 7 90 theme OEO 1403:1405 arg1 addition 1407:1414 an OEO addition 1400:1414 an OEO addition 1400:1414 In fully fed hens, MOS supplementation improved (P < 0.01) the egg production, egg weight, and FCR, and an OEO addition significantly improved the egg production and FCR in forced molted hens. 27143766 9 91 theme P 1678:1678 arg1 content 1669:1675 mineral content 1661:1675 mineral content (P < 0.05) 1661:1686 The bone ash (P < 0.01) and mineral content (P < 0.05) of molted hens were significantly lower than those of fully fed counterparts; however, poor mineralization was not reflected in the bones' mechanical properties. 27143766 9 91 theme P 1678:1678 arg1 < 0.05 1680:1685 P < 0.05 1678:1685 P < 0.05 1678:1685 The bone ash (P < 0.01) and mineral content (P < 0.05) of molted hens were significantly lower than those of fully fed counterparts; however, poor mineralization was not reflected in the bones' mechanical properties. 27143766 3 92 dep hens 854:857 arg1 each 859:862 each 859:862 each 859:862 A total of 864 Single Comb White Leghorn hens were randomly assigned to 6 treatments, each with 6 replicates of 24 hens each, and studied for 25 wk. 27143766 6 93 theme Significant 1139:1149 arg1 interactions 1162:1173 Significant (P < 0.01) interactions 1139:1173 Significant (P < 0.01) interactions between molting and diet 1139:1198 Significant (P < 0.01) interactions between molting and diet were observed for the egg production, egg weight, egg mass, and feed conversion ratio ( FCR: ). 27143766 8 94 dep ovary 1556:1560 arg1 weight 1574:1579 weight 1574:1579 weight 1574:1579 Molting improved egg quality despite the significant regression in ovary and oviduct weight (P < 0.01), though supplements showed no influence. 27143766 2 95 theme production 574:583 arg1 parameters 585:594 production parameters 574:594 production parameters 574:594 A 2 × 3 factorial experiment investigated the influence of molting vs. full feeding and dietary supplements [i.e., unsupplemented control, MOS (1 g/kg) diet, and OEO (24 mg/kg) diet] on production parameters, egg quality, serum stress indicators, blood constituents, tibial characteristics, liver antioxidant status, and cecal microflora composition. 27143766 5 96 theme supplement 1122:1131 arg1 type 1133:1136 supplement type 1122:1136 supplement type 1122:1136 Results indicate that molt vs. full feed impacted more on most variables measured than supplementation or supplement type. 27143766 6 97 theme egg 1222:1224 arg1 production 1226:1235 the egg production 1218:1235 the egg production 1218:1235 Significant (P < 0.01) interactions between molting and diet were observed for the egg production, egg weight, egg mass, and feed conversion ratio ( FCR: ). 27143766 4 98 theme laying 1001:1006 arg1 ration 1008:1013 the laying ration 997:1013 the laying ration 997:1013 Hens were fed a molt diet containing of 50% alfalfa and 50% wheat bran ( AA+WB: ) for 12 d, then returned to the laying ration. 27143766 5 99 theme most 1074:1077 arg1 variables 1079:1087 most variables 1074:1087 most variables measured than supplementation or supplement type 1074:1136 Results indicate that molt vs. full feed impacted more on most variables measured than supplementation or supplement type. 27143766 11 100 theme OEO 1977:1979 arg1 supplementation 1981:1995 particularly the OEO supplementation 1960:1995 particularly the OEO supplementation 1960:1995 Both the MOS and particularly the OEO supplementation improved (P < 0.01) liver antioxidant status and mitigated the significant increase in cecal pathogenic bacteria after molt. 27143766 0 101 theme dietary 26:32 arg1 supplementation 34:48 dietary supplementation 26:48 dietary supplementation with mannan oligosaccharide and oregano essential oil 26:102 Comparative evaluation of dietary supplementation with mannan oligosaccharide and oregano essential oil in forced molted and fully fed laying hens between 82 and 106 weeks of age. 27143766 11 102 theme antioxidant 2023:2033 arg1 status 2035:2040 liver antioxidant status 2017:2040 liver antioxidant status 2017:2040 Both the MOS and particularly the OEO supplementation improved (P < 0.01) liver antioxidant status and mitigated the significant increase in cecal pathogenic bacteria after molt. 27143766 1 103 theme oligosaccharides 271:286 arg1 preparations 248:259 feed-grade preparations 237:259 feed-grade preparations of mannan oligosaccharides ( MOS: ) and oregano essential oil ( OEO: ) 237:330 The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of feed-grade preparations of mannan oligosaccharides ( MOS: ) and oregano essential oil ( OEO: ) in forced molted or fully fed 82-week-old, laying hens. 27143766 7 104 theme egg 1375:1377 arg1 weight 1379:1384 egg weight 1375:1384 egg weight 1375:1384 In fully fed hens, MOS supplementation improved (P < 0.01) the egg production, egg weight, and FCR, and an OEO addition significantly improved the egg production and FCR in forced molted hens. 27143766 0 105 theme laying 135:140 arg1 hens 142:145 forced molted and fully fed laying hens 107:145 forced molted and fully fed laying hens between 82 and 106 weeks of age 107:177 Comparative evaluation of dietary supplementation with mannan oligosaccharide and oregano essential oil in forced molted and fully fed laying hens between 82 and 106 weeks of age. 27143766 11 106 theme significant 2060:2070 arg1 increase 2072:2079 the significant increase 2056:2079 the significant increase in cecal pathogenic bacteria 2056:2108 Both the MOS and particularly the OEO supplementation improved (P < 0.01) liver antioxidant status and mitigated the significant increase in cecal pathogenic bacteria after molt. 27143766 12 107 theme effective 2186:2194 arg1 method 2213:2218 an effective non-feed-removal method 2183:2218 an effective non-feed-removal method for molted hens, the benefit of which can be improved with MOS and OEO supplementation 2183:2305 Our results indicate that full feeding with an aa+wb diet is an effective non-feed-removal method for molted hens, the benefit of which can be improved with MOS and OEO supplementation. 27143766 12 107 theme effective 2186:2194 arg1 feeding 2153:2159 full feeding 2148:2159 full feeding with an aa+wb diet 2148:2178 Our results indicate that full feeding with an aa+wb diet is an effective non-feed-removal method for molted hens, the benefit of which can be improved with MOS and OEO supplementation. 27143766 12 108 theme non-feed-removal 2196:2211 arg1 method 2213:2218 an effective non-feed-removal method 2183:2218 an effective non-feed-removal method for molted hens, the benefit of which can be improved with MOS and OEO supplementation 2183:2305 Our results indicate that full feeding with an aa+wb diet is an effective non-feed-removal method for molted hens, the benefit of which can be improved with MOS and OEO supplementation. 27143766 12 108 theme non-feed-removal 2196:2211 arg1 feeding 2153:2159 full feeding 2148:2159 full feeding with an aa+wb diet 2148:2178 Our results indicate that full feeding with an aa+wb diet is an effective non-feed-removal method for molted hens, the benefit of which can be improved with MOS and OEO supplementation. 27143766 1 109 dep molted 342:347 arg1 82-week-old 362:372 82-week-old 362:372 82-week-old 362:372 The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of feed-grade preparations of mannan oligosaccharides ( MOS: ) and oregano essential oil ( OEO: ) in forced molted or fully fed 82-week-old, laying hens. 27143766 11 110 theme pathogenic 2090:2099 arg1 bacteria 2101:2108 cecal pathogenic bacteria 2084:2108 cecal pathogenic bacteria 2084:2108 Both the MOS and particularly the OEO supplementation improved (P < 0.01) liver antioxidant status and mitigated the significant increase in cecal pathogenic bacteria after molt. 27143766 11 111 from increase 2072:2079 arg1 bacteria 2101:2108 cecal pathogenic bacteria 2084:2108 cecal pathogenic bacteria 2084:2108 Both the MOS and particularly the OEO supplementation improved (P < 0.01) liver antioxidant status and mitigated the significant increase in cecal pathogenic bacteria after molt. 27143766 6 112 theme egg 1250:1252 arg1 mass 1254:1257 egg mass 1250:1257 egg mass 1250:1257 Significant (P < 0.01) interactions between molting and diet were observed for the egg production, egg weight, egg mass, and feed conversion ratio ( FCR: ). 27143766 2 113 theme antioxidant 685:695 arg1 status 697:702 liver antioxidant status 679:702 liver antioxidant status 679:702 A 2 × 3 factorial experiment investigated the influence of molting vs. full feeding and dietary supplements [i.e., unsupplemented control, MOS (1 g/kg) diet, and OEO (24 mg/kg) diet] on production parameters, egg quality, serum stress indicators, blood constituents, tibial characteristics, liver antioxidant status, and cecal microflora composition. 27580979 4 0 dep 168 h 691:695 arg1 to 688:689 to 688:689 to 688:689 Following a single gavage dose of [14C]-corn starch fiber on study day 13 or 90, the mass balance of the test article was assessed by analysis of excreta samples collected from 0 to 168 h post-dose. 27580979 2 1 theme male 280:283 arg1 rats 307:310 male and female Crl:CD(SD) rats 280:310 male and female Crl:CD(SD) rats 280:310 Groups of male and female Crl:CD(SD) rats were fed 0 (control), 1,000, 3,000, or 10,000 mg/kg-bw/day corn starch fiber in the diet for 90 days. 27580979 1 2 theme used 199:202 arg1 polydextrose 174:185 polydextrose 174:185 polydextrose 174:185 The potential toxicity of corn starch fiber was assessed and compared to polydextrose, a commonly used bulking agent with a long history of safe use in the food supply. 27580979 1 2 theme used 199:202 arg1 agent 212:216 a commonly used bulking agent 188:216 a commonly used bulking agent with a long history of safe use in the food supply 188:267 The potential toxicity of corn starch fiber was assessed and compared to polydextrose, a commonly used bulking agent with a long history of safe use in the food supply. 27580979 7 3 theme complete 1019:1026 arg1 excretion 1028:1036 nearly complete excretion 1012:1036 nearly complete excretion of the administered dose 1012:1061 Following [14C]-corn starch fiber dosing, nearly complete excretion of the administered dose occurred over 168 h post-dosing, with the majority excreted in the feces. 27580979 4 4 theme samples 663:669 arg1 analysis 643:650 analysis 643:650 analysis of excreta samples collected from 0 to 168 h post-dose 643:705 Following a single gavage dose of [14C]-corn starch fiber on study day 13 or 90, the mass balance of the test article was assessed by analysis of excreta samples collected from 0 to 168 h post-dose. 27580979 9 5 theme corn 1272:1275 arg1 fiber 1284:1288 corn starch fiber 1272:1288 corn starch fiber 1272:1288 Similar toxicity profiles for corn starch fiber and polydextrose were observed due to the structural and compositional similarities of these materials. 27580979 6 6 theme exposed 897:903 arg1 groups 905:910 the corn starch fiber and polydextrose exposed groups 858:910 the corn starch fiber and polydextrose exposed groups 858:910 The few minor differences observed between the corn starch fiber and polydextrose exposed groups were considered to be due to normal biological variation. 27580979 4 7 from dose 535:538 arg1 day 576:578 study day 13 or 90 570:587 day 576:578 Following a single gavage dose of [14C]-corn starch fiber on study day 13 or 90, the mass balance of the test article was assessed by analysis of excreta samples collected from 0 to 168 h post-dose. 27580979 4 7 from dose 535:538 arg1 90 586:587 90 586:587 90 586:587 Following a single gavage dose of [14C]-corn starch fiber on study day 13 or 90, the mass balance of the test article was assessed by analysis of excreta samples collected from 0 to 168 h post-dose. 27580979 1 8 theme bulking 204:210 arg1 polydextrose 174:185 polydextrose 174:185 polydextrose 174:185 The potential toxicity of corn starch fiber was assessed and compared to polydextrose, a commonly used bulking agent with a long history of safe use in the food supply. 27580979 1 8 theme bulking 204:210 arg1 agent 212:216 a commonly used bulking agent 188:216 a commonly used bulking agent with a long history of safe use in the food supply 188:267 The potential toxicity of corn starch fiber was assessed and compared to polydextrose, a commonly used bulking agent with a long history of safe use in the food supply. 27580979 0 9 theme starch 64:69 arg1 fiber 71:75 corn starch fiber 59:75 corn starch fiber 59:75 A 90-day oral (dietary) toxicity and mass balance study of corn starch fiber in Sprague Dawley rats. 27580979 4 10 theme mass 594:597 arg1 balance 599:605 the mass balance 590:605 the mass balance of the test article 590:625 Following a single gavage dose of [14C]-corn starch fiber on study day 13 or 90, the mass balance of the test article was assessed by analysis of excreta samples collected from 0 to 168 h post-dose. 27580979 8 11 theme dietary 1141:1147 arg1 mg/kg-bw/day 1228:1239 10,000 mg/kg-bw/day 1221:1239 10,000 mg/kg-bw/day 1221:1239 The dietary no-observed-adverse-effect level of corn starch fiber after 90 days was 10,000 mg/kg-bw/day. 27580979 8 11 theme dietary 1141:1147 arg1 level 1176:1180 The dietary no-observed-adverse-effect level 1137:1180 The dietary no-observed-adverse-effect level of corn starch fiber after 90 days 1137:1215 The dietary no-observed-adverse-effect level of corn starch fiber after 90 days was 10,000 mg/kg-bw/day. 27580979 5 12 theme article-treated 791:805 arg1 groups 807:812 the test article-treated groups 782:812 the test article-treated groups 782:812 There were no toxicologically or biologically relevant findings in any of the test article-treated groups. 27580979 0 13 theme corn 59:62 arg1 fiber 71:75 corn starch fiber 59:75 corn starch fiber 59:75 A 90-day oral (dietary) toxicity and mass balance study of corn starch fiber in Sprague Dawley rats. 27580979 1 14 from use 246:248 arg1 supply 262:267 the food supply 253:267 the food supply 253:267 The potential toxicity of corn starch fiber was assessed and compared to polydextrose, a commonly used bulking agent with a long history of safe use in the food supply. 27580979 4 15 from 90 586:587 arg1 dose 535:538 a single gavage dose 519:538 a single gavage dose of [14C]-corn starch fiber on study day 13 or 90 519:587 Following a single gavage dose of [14C]-corn starch fiber on study day 13 or 90, the mass balance of the test article was assessed by analysis of excreta samples collected from 0 to 168 h post-dose. 27580979 9 16 theme materials 1383:1391 arg1 similarities 1361:1372 the structural and compositional similarities 1328:1372 the structural and compositional similarities of these materials 1328:1391 Similar toxicity profiles for corn starch fiber and polydextrose were observed due to the structural and compositional similarities of these materials. 27580979 4 17 theme starch 554:559 arg1 fiber 561:565 [14C]-corn starch fiber 543:565 [14C]-corn starch fiber on study day 13 or 90 543:587 Following a single gavage dose of [14C]-corn starch fiber on study day 13 or 90, the mass balance of the test article was assessed by analysis of excreta samples collected from 0 to 168 h post-dose. 27580979 2 18 theme corn 371:374 arg1 fiber 383:387 10,000 mg/kg-bw/day corn starch fiber 351:387 10,000 mg/kg-bw/day corn starch fiber 351:387 Groups of male and female Crl:CD(SD) rats were fed 0 (control), 1,000, 3,000, or 10,000 mg/kg-bw/day corn starch fiber in the diet for 90 days. 27580979 7 19 theme dose 1058:1061 arg1 excretion 1028:1036 nearly complete excretion 1012:1036 nearly complete excretion of the administered dose 1012:1061 Following [14C]-corn starch fiber dosing, nearly complete excretion of the administered dose occurred over 168 h post-dosing, with the majority excreted in the feces. 27580979 1 20 from history 230:236 arg1 supply 262:267 the food supply 253:267 the food supply 253:267 The potential toxicity of corn starch fiber was assessed and compared to polydextrose, a commonly used bulking agent with a long history of safe use in the food supply. 27580979 6 21 theme polydextrose 884:895 arg1 groups 905:910 the corn starch fiber and polydextrose exposed groups 858:910 the corn starch fiber and polydextrose exposed groups 858:910 The few minor differences observed between the corn starch fiber and polydextrose exposed groups were considered to be due to normal biological variation. 27580979 9 22 theme Similar 1242:1248 arg1 profiles 1259:1266 Similar toxicity profiles 1242:1266 Similar toxicity profiles for corn starch fiber and polydextrose 1242:1305 Similar toxicity profiles for corn starch fiber and polydextrose were observed due to the structural and compositional similarities of these materials. 27580979 4 23 theme single 521:526 arg1 dose 535:538 a single gavage dose 519:538 a single gavage dose of [14C]-corn starch fiber on study day 13 or 90 519:587 Following a single gavage dose of [14C]-corn starch fiber on study day 13 or 90, the mass balance of the test article was assessed by analysis of excreta samples collected from 0 to 168 h post-dose. 27580979 1 24 theme corn 127:130 arg1 fiber 139:143 corn starch fiber 127:143 corn starch fiber 127:143 The potential toxicity of corn starch fiber was assessed and compared to polydextrose, a commonly used bulking agent with a long history of safe use in the food supply. 27580979 0 25 theme fiber 71:75 arg1 study 50:54 A 90-day oral (dietary) toxicity and mass balance study 0:54 A 90-day oral (dietary) toxicity and mass balance study of corn starch fiber in Sprague Dawley rats. 0:99 A 90-day oral (dietary) toxicity and mass balance study of corn starch fiber in Sprague Dawley rats. 27580979 6 26 theme biological 948:957 arg1 variation 959:967 normal biological variation 941:967 normal biological variation 941:967 The few minor differences observed between the corn starch fiber and polydextrose exposed groups were considered to be due to normal biological variation. 27580979 7 27 theme -corn 985:989 arg1 dosing 1004:1009 [14C]-corn starch fiber dosing 980:1009 [14C]-corn starch fiber dosing 980:1009 Following [14C]-corn starch fiber dosing, nearly complete excretion of the administered dose occurred over 168 h post-dosing, with the majority excreted in the feces. 27580979 1 28 theme starch 132:137 arg1 fiber 139:143 corn starch fiber 127:143 corn starch fiber 127:143 The potential toxicity of corn starch fiber was assessed and compared to polydextrose, a commonly used bulking agent with a long history of safe use in the food supply. 27580979 0 29 theme 90-day 2:7 arg1 toxicity 24:31 A 90-day oral (dietary) toxicity 0:31 A 90-day oral (dietary) toxicity 0:31 A 90-day oral (dietary) toxicity and mass balance study of corn starch fiber in Sprague Dawley rats. 27580979 4 30 theme excreta 655:661 arg1 samples 663:669 excreta samples 655:669 excreta samples collected from 0 to 168 h post-dose 655:705 Following a single gavage dose of [14C]-corn starch fiber on study day 13 or 90, the mass balance of the test article was assessed by analysis of excreta samples collected from 0 to 168 h post-dose. 27580979 4 31 from day 576:578 arg1 dose 535:538 a single gavage dose 519:538 a single gavage dose of [14C]-corn starch fiber on study day 13 or 90 519:587 Following a single gavage dose of [14C]-corn starch fiber on study day 13 or 90, the mass balance of the test article was assessed by analysis of excreta samples collected from 0 to 168 h post-dose. 27580979 4 32 theme study 570:574 arg1 day 576:578 study day 13 or 90 570:587 day 576:578 Following a single gavage dose of [14C]-corn starch fiber on study day 13 or 90, the mass balance of the test article was assessed by analysis of excreta samples collected from 0 to 168 h post-dose. 27580979 6 33 theme fiber 874:878 arg1 groups 905:910 the corn starch fiber and polydextrose exposed groups 858:910 the corn starch fiber and polydextrose exposed groups 858:910 The few minor differences observed between the corn starch fiber and polydextrose exposed groups were considered to be due to normal biological variation. 27580979 1 34 theme fiber 139:143 arg1 toxicity 115:122 The potential toxicity 101:122 The potential toxicity of corn starch fiber 101:143 The potential toxicity of corn starch fiber was assessed and compared to polydextrose, a commonly used bulking agent with a long history of safe use in the food supply. 27580979 3 35 from mg/kg-bw/day 495:506 arg1 regimen 477:483 a comparable regimen 464:483 a comparable regimen at 10,000 mg/kg-bw/day 464:506 The polydextrose reference article was offered on a comparable regimen at 10,000 mg/kg-bw/day. 27580979 0 36 theme toxicity 24:31 arg1 study 50:54 A 90-day oral (dietary) toxicity and mass balance study 0:54 A 90-day oral (dietary) toxicity and mass balance study of corn starch fiber in Sprague Dawley rats. 0:99 A 90-day oral (dietary) toxicity and mass balance study of corn starch fiber in Sprague Dawley rats. 27580979 2 37 theme Crl 296:298 arg1 rats 307:310 male and female Crl:CD(SD) rats 280:310 male and female Crl:CD(SD) rats 280:310 Groups of male and female Crl:CD(SD) rats were fed 0 (control), 1,000, 3,000, or 10,000 mg/kg-bw/day corn starch fiber in the diet for 90 days. 27580979 1 38 theme long 225:228 arg1 history 230:236 a long history 223:236 a long history of safe use in the food supply 223:267 The potential toxicity of corn starch fiber was assessed and compared to polydextrose, a commonly used bulking agent with a long history of safe use in the food supply. 27580979 0 39 theme Dawley 88:93 arg1 rats 95:98 Sprague Dawley rats 80:98 Sprague Dawley rats 80:98 A 90-day oral (dietary) toxicity and mass balance study of corn starch fiber in Sprague Dawley rats. 27580979 5 40 theme toxicologically 722:736 arg1 findings 763:770 no toxicologically or biologically relevant findings 719:770 no toxicologically or biologically relevant findings 719:770 There were no toxicologically or biologically relevant findings in any of the test article-treated groups. 27580979 5 41 theme relevant 754:761 arg1 findings 763:770 no toxicologically or biologically relevant findings 719:770 no toxicologically or biologically relevant findings 719:770 There were no toxicologically or biologically relevant findings in any of the test article-treated groups. 27580979 6 42 theme corn 862:865 arg1 fiber 874:878 the corn starch fiber 858:878 the corn starch fiber 858:878 The few minor differences observed between the corn starch fiber and polydextrose exposed groups were considered to be due to normal biological variation. 27580979 0 43 theme oral 9:12 arg1 toxicity 24:31 A 90-day oral (dietary) toxicity 0:31 A 90-day oral (dietary) toxicity 0:31 A 90-day oral (dietary) toxicity and mass balance study of corn starch fiber in Sprague Dawley rats. 27580979 6 44 theme normal 941:946 arg1 variation 959:967 normal biological variation 941:967 normal biological variation 941:967 The few minor differences observed between the corn starch fiber and polydextrose exposed groups were considered to be due to normal biological variation. 27580979 9 45 theme compositional 1347:1359 arg1 similarities 1361:1372 the structural and compositional similarities 1328:1372 the structural and compositional similarities of these materials 1328:1391 Similar toxicity profiles for corn starch fiber and polydextrose were observed due to the structural and compositional similarities of these materials. 27580979 2 46 theme rats 307:310 arg1 Groups 270:275 Groups 270:275 Groups of male and female Crl:CD(SD) rats 270:310 Groups of male and female Crl:CD(SD) rats were fed 0 (control), 1,000, 3,000, or 10,000 mg/kg-bw/day corn starch fiber in the diet for 90 days. 27580979 2 46 theme rats 307:310 arg1 rats 307:310 male and female Crl:CD(SD) rats 280:310 male and female Crl:CD(SD) rats 280:310 Groups of male and female Crl:CD(SD) rats were fed 0 (control), 1,000, 3,000, or 10,000 mg/kg-bw/day corn starch fiber in the diet for 90 days. 27580979 7 47 theme starch 991:996 arg1 dosing 1004:1009 [14C]-corn starch fiber dosing 980:1009 [14C]-corn starch fiber dosing 980:1009 Following [14C]-corn starch fiber dosing, nearly complete excretion of the administered dose occurred over 168 h post-dosing, with the majority excreted in the feces. 27580979 0 48 from study 50:54 arg1 rats 95:98 Sprague Dawley rats 80:98 Sprague Dawley rats 80:98 A 90-day oral (dietary) toxicity and mass balance study of corn starch fiber in Sprague Dawley rats. 27580979 4 49 theme article 619:625 arg1 balance 599:605 the mass balance 590:605 the mass balance of the test article 590:625 Following a single gavage dose of [14C]-corn starch fiber on study day 13 or 90, the mass balance of the test article was assessed by analysis of excreta samples collected from 0 to 168 h post-dose. 27580979 6 50 theme starch 867:872 arg1 fiber 874:878 the corn starch fiber 858:878 the corn starch fiber 858:878 The few minor differences observed between the corn starch fiber and polydextrose exposed groups were considered to be due to normal biological variation. 27580979 0 51 theme dietary 15:21 arg1 toxicity 24:31 A 90-day oral (dietary) toxicity 0:31 A 90-day oral (dietary) toxicity 0:31 A 90-day oral (dietary) toxicity and mass balance study of corn starch fiber in Sprague Dawley rats. 27580979 1 52 theme safe 241:244 arg1 use 246:248 safe use 241:248 safe use in the food supply 241:267 The potential toxicity of corn starch fiber was assessed and compared to polydextrose, a commonly used bulking agent with a long history of safe use in the food supply. 27580979 4 53 theme test 614:617 arg1 article 619:625 the test article 610:625 the test article 610:625 Following a single gavage dose of [14C]-corn starch fiber on study day 13 or 90, the mass balance of the test article was assessed by analysis of excreta samples collected from 0 to 168 h post-dose. 27580979 1 54 with agent 212:216 arg1 history 230:236 a long history 223:236 a long history of safe use in the food supply 223:267 The potential toxicity of corn starch fiber was assessed and compared to polydextrose, a commonly used bulking agent with a long history of safe use in the food supply. 27580979 2 55 theme SD 303:304 arg1 rats 307:310 male and female Crl:CD(SD) rats 280:310 male and female Crl:CD(SD) rats 280:310 Groups of male and female Crl:CD(SD) rats were fed 0 (control), 1,000, 3,000, or 10,000 mg/kg-bw/day corn starch fiber in the diet for 90 days. 27580979 1 56 theme use 246:248 arg1 history 230:236 a long history 223:236 a long history of safe use in the food supply 223:267 The potential toxicity of corn starch fiber was assessed and compared to polydextrose, a commonly used bulking agent with a long history of safe use in the food supply. 27580979 8 57 theme corn 1185:1188 arg1 fiber 1197:1201 corn starch fiber 1185:1201 corn starch fiber 1185:1201 The dietary no-observed-adverse-effect level of corn starch fiber after 90 days was 10,000 mg/kg-bw/day. 27580979 3 58 theme polydextrose 418:429 arg1 article 441:447 The polydextrose reference article 414:447 The polydextrose reference article 414:447 The polydextrose reference article was offered on a comparable regimen at 10,000 mg/kg-bw/day. 27580979 9 59 theme toxicity 1250:1257 arg1 profiles 1259:1266 Similar toxicity profiles 1242:1266 Similar toxicity profiles for corn starch fiber and polydextrose 1242:1305 Similar toxicity profiles for corn starch fiber and polydextrose were observed due to the structural and compositional similarities of these materials. 27580979 4 60 theme -corn 548:552 arg1 fiber 561:565 [14C]-corn starch fiber 543:565 [14C]-corn starch fiber on study day 13 or 90 543:587 Following a single gavage dose of [14C]-corn starch fiber on study day 13 or 90, the mass balance of the test article was assessed by analysis of excreta samples collected from 0 to 168 h post-dose. 27580979 1 61 from supply 262:267 arg1 history 230:236 a long history 223:236 a long history of safe use in the food supply 223:267 The potential toxicity of corn starch fiber was assessed and compared to polydextrose, a commonly used bulking agent with a long history of safe use in the food supply. 27580979 7 62 theme fiber 998:1002 arg1 dosing 1004:1009 [14C]-corn starch fiber dosing 980:1009 [14C]-corn starch fiber dosing 980:1009 Following [14C]-corn starch fiber dosing, nearly complete excretion of the administered dose occurred over 168 h post-dosing, with the majority excreted in the feces. 27580979 7 63 theme administered 1045:1056 arg1 dose 1058:1061 the administered dose 1041:1061 the administered dose 1041:1061 Following [14C]-corn starch fiber dosing, nearly complete excretion of the administered dose occurred over 168 h post-dosing, with the majority excreted in the feces. 27580979 3 64 theme reference 431:439 arg1 article 441:447 The polydextrose reference article 414:447 The polydextrose reference article 414:447 The polydextrose reference article was offered on a comparable regimen at 10,000 mg/kg-bw/day. 27580979 4 65 from fiber 561:565 arg1 day 576:578 study day 13 or 90 570:587 day 576:578 Following a single gavage dose of [14C]-corn starch fiber on study day 13 or 90, the mass balance of the test article was assessed by analysis of excreta samples collected from 0 to 168 h post-dose. 27580979 4 65 from fiber 561:565 arg1 90 586:587 90 586:587 90 586:587 Following a single gavage dose of [14C]-corn starch fiber on study day 13 or 90, the mass balance of the test article was assessed by analysis of excreta samples collected from 0 to 168 h post-dose. 27580979 5 66 theme test 786:789 arg1 groups 807:812 the test article-treated groups 782:812 the test article-treated groups 782:812 There were no toxicologically or biologically relevant findings in any of the test article-treated groups. 27580979 8 67 theme starch 1190:1195 arg1 fiber 1197:1201 corn starch fiber 1185:1201 corn starch fiber 1185:1201 The dietary no-observed-adverse-effect level of corn starch fiber after 90 days was 10,000 mg/kg-bw/day. 27580979 4 68 theme fiber 561:565 arg1 dose 535:538 a single gavage dose 519:538 a single gavage dose of [14C]-corn starch fiber on study day 13 or 90 519:587 Following a single gavage dose of [14C]-corn starch fiber on study day 13 or 90, the mass balance of the test article was assessed by analysis of excreta samples collected from 0 to 168 h post-dose. 27580979 2 69 theme mg/kg-bw/day 358:369 arg1 fiber 383:387 10,000 mg/kg-bw/day corn starch fiber 351:387 10,000 mg/kg-bw/day corn starch fiber 351:387 Groups of male and female Crl:CD(SD) rats were fed 0 (control), 1,000, 3,000, or 10,000 mg/kg-bw/day corn starch fiber in the diet for 90 days. 27580979 8 70 theme no-observed-adverse-effect 1149:1174 arg1 mg/kg-bw/day 1228:1239 10,000 mg/kg-bw/day 1221:1239 10,000 mg/kg-bw/day 1221:1239 The dietary no-observed-adverse-effect level of corn starch fiber after 90 days was 10,000 mg/kg-bw/day. 27580979 8 70 theme no-observed-adverse-effect 1149:1174 arg1 level 1176:1180 The dietary no-observed-adverse-effect level 1137:1180 The dietary no-observed-adverse-effect level of corn starch fiber after 90 days 1137:1215 The dietary no-observed-adverse-effect level of corn starch fiber after 90 days was 10,000 mg/kg-bw/day. 27580979 9 71 theme structural 1332:1341 arg1 similarities 1361:1372 the structural and compositional similarities 1328:1372 the structural and compositional similarities of these materials 1328:1391 Similar toxicity profiles for corn starch fiber and polydextrose were observed due to the structural and compositional similarities of these materials. 27580979 3 72 theme comparable 466:475 arg1 regimen 477:483 a comparable regimen 464:483 a comparable regimen at 10,000 mg/kg-bw/day 464:506 The polydextrose reference article was offered on a comparable regimen at 10,000 mg/kg-bw/day. 27580979 4 73 theme gavage 528:533 arg1 dose 535:538 a single gavage dose 519:538 a single gavage dose of [14C]-corn starch fiber on study day 13 or 90 519:587 Following a single gavage dose of [14C]-corn starch fiber on study day 13 or 90, the mass balance of the test article was assessed by analysis of excreta samples collected from 0 to 168 h post-dose. 27580979 6 74 theme minor 823:827 arg1 due 934:936 due 934:936 due 934:936 The few minor differences observed between the corn starch fiber and polydextrose exposed groups were considered to be due to normal biological variation. 27580979 6 74 theme minor 823:827 arg1 differences 829:839 The few minor differences 815:839 The few minor differences observed between the corn starch fiber and polydextrose exposed groups 815:910 The few minor differences observed between the corn starch fiber and polydextrose exposed groups were considered to be due to normal biological variation. 27580979 0 75 theme balance 42:48 arg1 study 50:54 A 90-day oral (dietary) toxicity and mass balance study 0:54 A 90-day oral (dietary) toxicity and mass balance study of corn starch fiber in Sprague Dawley rats. 0:99 A 90-day oral (dietary) toxicity and mass balance study of corn starch fiber in Sprague Dawley rats. 27580979 8 76 theme fiber 1197:1201 arg1 mg/kg-bw/day 1228:1239 10,000 mg/kg-bw/day 1221:1239 10,000 mg/kg-bw/day 1221:1239 The dietary no-observed-adverse-effect level of corn starch fiber after 90 days was 10,000 mg/kg-bw/day. 27580979 8 76 theme fiber 1197:1201 arg1 level 1176:1180 The dietary no-observed-adverse-effect level 1137:1180 The dietary no-observed-adverse-effect level of corn starch fiber after 90 days 1137:1215 The dietary no-observed-adverse-effect level of corn starch fiber after 90 days was 10,000 mg/kg-bw/day. 27580979 9 77 theme starch 1277:1282 arg1 fiber 1284:1288 corn starch fiber 1272:1288 corn starch fiber 1272:1288 Similar toxicity profiles for corn starch fiber and polydextrose were observed due to the structural and compositional similarities of these materials. 27580979 2 78 theme female 289:294 arg1 rats 307:310 male and female Crl:CD(SD) rats 280:310 male and female Crl:CD(SD) rats 280:310 Groups of male and female Crl:CD(SD) rats were fed 0 (control), 1,000, 3,000, or 10,000 mg/kg-bw/day corn starch fiber in the diet for 90 days. 27580979 2 79 theme CD 300:301 arg1 rats 307:310 male and female Crl:CD(SD) rats 280:310 male and female Crl:CD(SD) rats 280:310 Groups of male and female Crl:CD(SD) rats were fed 0 (control), 1,000, 3,000, or 10,000 mg/kg-bw/day corn starch fiber in the diet for 90 days. 27580979 6 80 theme few 819:821 arg1 due 934:936 due 934:936 due 934:936 The few minor differences observed between the corn starch fiber and polydextrose exposed groups were considered to be due to normal biological variation. 27580979 6 80 theme few 819:821 arg1 differences 829:839 The few minor differences 815:839 The few minor differences observed between the corn starch fiber and polydextrose exposed groups 815:910 The few minor differences observed between the corn starch fiber and polydextrose exposed groups were considered to be due to normal biological variation. 27580979 0 81 theme mass 37:40 arg1 balance 42:48 mass balance 37:48 mass balance 37:48 A 90-day oral (dietary) toxicity and mass balance study of corn starch fiber in Sprague Dawley rats. 27580979 1 82 theme food 257:260 arg1 supply 262:267 the food supply 253:267 the food supply 253:267 The potential toxicity of corn starch fiber was assessed and compared to polydextrose, a commonly used bulking agent with a long history of safe use in the food supply. 27580979 1 83 theme potential 105:113 arg1 toxicity 115:122 The potential toxicity 101:122 The potential toxicity of corn starch fiber 101:143 The potential toxicity of corn starch fiber was assessed and compared to polydextrose, a commonly used bulking agent with a long history of safe use in the food supply. 27580979 2 84 theme starch 376:381 arg1 fiber 383:387 10,000 mg/kg-bw/day corn starch fiber 351:387 10,000 mg/kg-bw/day corn starch fiber 351:387 Groups of male and female Crl:CD(SD) rats were fed 0 (control), 1,000, 3,000, or 10,000 mg/kg-bw/day corn starch fiber in the diet for 90 days. 25020083 7 0 theme detection 1026:1034 arg1 merit 942:946 merit 942:946 merit of simplicity, convenience, quickness, high accuracy and precision, automatic detection of titration end-point and low-cost 942:1070 With merit of simplicity, convenience, quickness, high accuracy and precision, automatic detection of titration end-point and low-cost, the proposed method will be very useful in the industrial production. 25020083 4 1 theme auxiliary 665:673 arg1 electrode 596:604 electrode couples 596:612 electrode couples 596:612 The optimized experimental parameters in this study were 1.0 mol/L KCl as supporting electrolyte, 15.00 mA as the intensity of constant current, composite glass electrode as indicating electrode couples, double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode as working electrode pairs, pH 3.80 as the titration end-point. 25020083 4 1 theme auxiliary 665:673 arg1 electrode 675:683 double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode 615:683 double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode as working electrode pairs 615:710 The optimized experimental parameters in this study were 1.0 mol/L KCl as supporting electrolyte, 15.00 mA as the intensity of constant current, composite glass electrode as indicating electrode couples, double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode as working electrode pairs, pH 3.80 as the titration end-point. 25020083 0 2 theme deacetylation 54:66 arg1 degree 44:49 the degree 40:49 the degree of deacetylation of chitosan 40:78 A novel method for the determination of the degree of deacetylation of chitosan by coulometric titration. 25020083 4 3 theme mol/L 472:476 arg1 KCl 478:480 1.0 mol/L KCl 468:480 1.0 mol/L KCl 468:480 The optimized experimental parameters in this study were 1.0 mol/L KCl as supporting electrolyte, 15.00 mA as the intensity of constant current, composite glass electrode as indicating electrode couples, double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode as working electrode pairs, pH 3.80 as the titration end-point. 25020083 4 3 theme mol/L 472:476 arg1 parameters 438:447 The optimized experimental parameters 411:447 The optimized experimental parameters in this study 411:461 The optimized experimental parameters in this study were 1.0 mol/L KCl as supporting electrolyte, 15.00 mA as the intensity of constant current, composite glass electrode as indicating electrode couples, double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode as working electrode pairs, pH 3.80 as the titration end-point. 25020083 7 4 theme high 987:990 arg1 accuracy 992:999 high accuracy 987:999 high accuracy 987:999 With merit of simplicity, convenience, quickness, high accuracy and precision, automatic detection of titration end-point and low-cost, the proposed method will be very useful in the industrial production. 25020083 4 5 theme wire 660:663 arg1 electrode 596:604 electrode couples 596:612 electrode couples 596:612 The optimized experimental parameters in this study were 1.0 mol/L KCl as supporting electrolyte, 15.00 mA as the intensity of constant current, composite glass electrode as indicating electrode couples, double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode as working electrode pairs, pH 3.80 as the titration end-point. 25020083 4 5 theme wire 660:663 arg1 electrode 675:683 double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode 615:683 double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode as working electrode pairs 615:710 The optimized experimental parameters in this study were 1.0 mol/L KCl as supporting electrolyte, 15.00 mA as the intensity of constant current, composite glass electrode as indicating electrode couples, double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode as working electrode pairs, pH 3.80 as the titration end-point. 25020083 4 6 theme 1.0 468:470 arg1 mol/L 472:476 mol/L 472:476 mol/L 472:476 The optimized experimental parameters in this study were 1.0 mol/L KCl as supporting electrolyte, 15.00 mA as the intensity of constant current, composite glass electrode as indicating electrode couples, double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode as working electrode pairs, pH 3.80 as the titration end-point. 25020083 4 7 theme constant 538:545 arg1 current 547:553 constant current 538:553 constant current 538:553 The optimized experimental parameters in this study were 1.0 mol/L KCl as supporting electrolyte, 15.00 mA as the intensity of constant current, composite glass electrode as indicating electrode couples, double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode as working electrode pairs, pH 3.80 as the titration end-point. 25020083 0 8 theme chitosan 71:78 arg1 deacetylation 54:66 deacetylation 54:66 deacetylation of chitosan 54:78 A novel method for the determination of the degree of deacetylation of chitosan by coulometric titration. 25020083 7 9 theme automatic 1016:1024 arg1 detection 1026:1034 automatic detection 1016:1034 automatic detection of titration end-point 1016:1057 With merit of simplicity, convenience, quickness, high accuracy and precision, automatic detection of titration end-point and low-cost, the proposed method will be very useful in the industrial production. 25020083 4 10 theme electrode 696:704 arg1 pairs 706:710 working electrode pairs 688:710 working electrode pairs 688:710 The optimized experimental parameters in this study were 1.0 mol/L KCl as supporting electrolyte, 15.00 mA as the intensity of constant current, composite glass electrode as indicating electrode couples, double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode as working electrode pairs, pH 3.80 as the titration end-point. 25020083 3 11 theme residual 300:307 arg1 acid 322:325 the residual hydrochloric acid 296:325 the residual hydrochloric acid in chitosan solution 296:346 The OH- reacted with the residual hydrochloric acid in chitosan solution and the degree of deacetylation was obtained by Faraday's law. 25020083 4 12 theme experimental 425:436 arg1 KCl 478:480 1.0 mol/L KCl 468:480 1.0 mol/L KCl 468:480 The optimized experimental parameters in this study were 1.0 mol/L KCl as supporting electrolyte, 15.00 mA as the intensity of constant current, composite glass electrode as indicating electrode couples, double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode as working electrode pairs, pH 3.80 as the titration end-point. 25020083 4 12 theme experimental 425:436 arg1 parameters 438:447 The optimized experimental parameters 411:447 The optimized experimental parameters in this study 411:461 The optimized experimental parameters in this study were 1.0 mol/L KCl as supporting electrolyte, 15.00 mA as the intensity of constant current, composite glass electrode as indicating electrode couples, double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode as working electrode pairs, pH 3.80 as the titration end-point. 25020083 5 13 theme deacetylation 763:775 arg1 degree 753:758 The degree 749:758 The degree of deacetylation in the four samples, which varied from 70 to 95% 749:824 The degree of deacetylation in the four samples, which varied from 70 to 95% were measured. 25020083 0 14 theme coulometric 83:93 arg1 titration 95:103 coulometric titration 83:103 coulometric titration 83:103 A novel method for the determination of the degree of deacetylation of chitosan by coulometric titration. 25020083 4 15 theme titration 728:736 arg1 electrode 596:604 electrode couples 596:612 electrode couples 596:612 The optimized experimental parameters in this study were 1.0 mol/L KCl as supporting electrolyte, 15.00 mA as the intensity of constant current, composite glass electrode as indicating electrode couples, double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode as working electrode pairs, pH 3.80 as the titration end-point. 25020083 4 15 theme titration 728:736 arg1 end-point 738:746 the titration end-point 724:746 the titration end-point 724:746 The optimized experimental parameters in this study were 1.0 mol/L KCl as supporting electrolyte, 15.00 mA as the intensity of constant current, composite glass electrode as indicating electrode couples, double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode as working electrode pairs, pH 3.80 as the titration end-point. 25020083 1 16 theme deacetylation 148:160 arg1 degree 138:143 the degree 134:143 the degree of deacetylation of chitosan 134:172 A novel method to determine the degree of deacetylation of chitosan is described. 25020083 0 17 theme novel 2:6 arg1 method 8:13 A novel method 0:13 A novel method for the determination of the degree of deacetylation of chitosan by coulometric titration. 0:104 A novel method for the determination of the degree of deacetylation of chitosan by coulometric titration. 25020083 4 18 from parameters 438:447 arg1 study 457:461 this study 452:461 this study 452:461 The optimized experimental parameters in this study were 1.0 mol/L KCl as supporting electrolyte, 15.00 mA as the intensity of constant current, composite glass electrode as indicating electrode couples, double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode as working electrode pairs, pH 3.80 as the titration end-point. 25020083 7 19 theme proposed 1077:1084 arg1 useful 1106:1111 useful 1106:1111 useful 1106:1111 With merit of simplicity, convenience, quickness, high accuracy and precision, automatic detection of titration end-point and low-cost, the proposed method will be very useful in the industrial production. 25020083 7 19 theme proposed 1077:1084 arg1 method 1086:1091 the proposed method 1073:1091 the proposed method 1073:1091 With merit of simplicity, convenience, quickness, high accuracy and precision, automatic detection of titration end-point and low-cost, the proposed method will be very useful in the industrial production. 25020083 4 20 theme platinum 622:629 arg1 electrode 596:604 electrode couples 596:612 electrode couples 596:612 The optimized experimental parameters in this study were 1.0 mol/L KCl as supporting electrolyte, 15.00 mA as the intensity of constant current, composite glass electrode as indicating electrode couples, double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode as working electrode pairs, pH 3.80 as the titration end-point. 25020083 4 20 theme platinum 622:629 arg1 electrode 675:683 double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode 615:683 double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode as working electrode pairs 615:710 The optimized experimental parameters in this study were 1.0 mol/L KCl as supporting electrolyte, 15.00 mA as the intensity of constant current, composite glass electrode as indicating electrode couples, double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode as working electrode pairs, pH 3.80 as the titration end-point. 25020083 6 21 theme standard 895:902 arg1 lower 920:924 lower 920:924 lower 920:924 The results were similar to those from 1H NMR and the standard deviations were lower than 0.5%. 25020083 6 21 theme standard 895:902 arg1 deviations 904:913 the standard deviations 891:913 the standard deviations 891:913 The results were similar to those from 1H NMR and the standard deviations were lower than 0.5%. 25020083 7 22 theme accuracy 992:999 arg1 merit 942:946 merit 942:946 merit of simplicity, convenience, quickness, high accuracy and precision, automatic detection of titration end-point and low-cost 942:1070 With merit of simplicity, convenience, quickness, high accuracy and precision, automatic detection of titration end-point and low-cost, the proposed method will be very useful in the industrial production. 25020083 1 23 theme chitosan 165:172 arg1 deacetylation 148:160 deacetylation 148:160 deacetylation of chitosan 148:172 A novel method to determine the degree of deacetylation of chitosan is described. 25020083 3 24 theme chitosan 330:337 arg1 solution 339:346 chitosan solution 330:346 chitosan solution 330:346 The OH- reacted with the residual hydrochloric acid in chitosan solution and the degree of deacetylation was obtained by Faraday's law. 25020083 7 25 theme quickness 976:984 arg1 merit 942:946 merit 942:946 merit of simplicity, convenience, quickness, high accuracy and precision, automatic detection of titration end-point and low-cost 942:1070 With merit of simplicity, convenience, quickness, high accuracy and precision, automatic detection of titration end-point and low-cost, the proposed method will be very useful in the industrial production. 25020083 2 26 theme water 268:272 arg1 electrolysis 252:263 the electrolysis 248:263 the electrolysis of water 248:272 In this method, the coulometric titrant OH- is generated by the electrolysis of water. 25020083 3 27 theme deacetylation 366:378 arg1 degree 356:361 the degree 352:361 the degree of deacetylation 352:378 The OH- reacted with the residual hydrochloric acid in chitosan solution and the degree of deacetylation was obtained by Faraday's law. 25020083 7 28 theme convenience 963:973 arg1 merit 942:946 merit 942:946 merit of simplicity, convenience, quickness, high accuracy and precision, automatic detection of titration end-point and low-cost 942:1070 With merit of simplicity, convenience, quickness, high accuracy and precision, automatic detection of titration end-point and low-cost, the proposed method will be very useful in the industrial production. 25020083 4 29 dep electrode 596:604 arg1 couples 606:612 couples 606:612 couples 606:612 The optimized experimental parameters in this study were 1.0 mol/L KCl as supporting electrolyte, 15.00 mA as the intensity of constant current, composite glass electrode as indicating electrode couples, double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode as working electrode pairs, pH 3.80 as the titration end-point. 25020083 4 30 theme double 615:620 arg1 electrode 596:604 electrode couples 596:612 electrode couples 596:612 The optimized experimental parameters in this study were 1.0 mol/L KCl as supporting electrolyte, 15.00 mA as the intensity of constant current, composite glass electrode as indicating electrode couples, double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode as working electrode pairs, pH 3.80 as the titration end-point. 25020083 4 30 theme double 615:620 arg1 electrode 675:683 double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode 615:683 double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode as working electrode pairs 615:710 The optimized experimental parameters in this study were 1.0 mol/L KCl as supporting electrolyte, 15.00 mA as the intensity of constant current, composite glass electrode as indicating electrode couples, double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode as working electrode pairs, pH 3.80 as the titration end-point. 25020083 7 31 theme low-cost 1063:1070 arg1 merit 942:946 merit 942:946 merit of simplicity, convenience, quickness, high accuracy and precision, automatic detection of titration end-point and low-cost 942:1070 With merit of simplicity, convenience, quickness, high accuracy and precision, automatic detection of titration end-point and low-cost, the proposed method will be very useful in the industrial production. 25020083 6 32 theme 1H 880:881 arg1 NMR 883:885 1H NMR 880:885 1H NMR 880:885 The results were similar to those from 1H NMR and the standard deviations were lower than 0.5%. 25020083 3 33 from acid 322:325 arg1 solution 339:346 chitosan solution 330:346 chitosan solution 330:346 The OH- reacted with the residual hydrochloric acid in chitosan solution and the degree of deacetylation was obtained by Faraday's law. 25020083 5 34 dep 95 822:823 arg1 to 819:820 to 819:820 to 819:820 The degree of deacetylation in the four samples, which varied from 70 to 95% were measured. 25020083 3 35 theme hydrochloric 309:320 arg1 acid 322:325 the residual hydrochloric acid 296:325 the residual hydrochloric acid in chitosan solution 296:346 The OH- reacted with the residual hydrochloric acid in chitosan solution and the degree of deacetylation was obtained by Faraday's law. 25020083 7 36 theme titration 1039:1047 arg1 end-point 1049:1057 titration end-point 1039:1057 titration end-point 1039:1057 With merit of simplicity, convenience, quickness, high accuracy and precision, automatic detection of titration end-point and low-cost, the proposed method will be very useful in the industrial production. 25020083 7 37 theme simplicity 951:960 arg1 merit 942:946 merit 942:946 merit of simplicity, convenience, quickness, high accuracy and precision, automatic detection of titration end-point and low-cost 942:1070 With merit of simplicity, convenience, quickness, high accuracy and precision, automatic detection of titration end-point and low-cost, the proposed method will be very useful in the industrial production. 25020083 7 38 from useful 1106:1111 arg1 production 1131:1140 the industrial production 1116:1140 the industrial production 1116:1140 With merit of simplicity, convenience, quickness, high accuracy and precision, automatic detection of titration end-point and low-cost, the proposed method will be very useful in the industrial production. 25020083 4 39 dep KCl 478:480 arg1 indicating 585:594 indicating 585:594 as indicating electrode couples, double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode as working electrode pairs, pH 3.80 as the titration end-point 582:746 The optimized experimental parameters in this study were 1.0 mol/L KCl as supporting electrolyte, 15.00 mA as the intensity of constant current, composite glass electrode as indicating electrode couples, double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode as working electrode pairs, pH 3.80 as the titration end-point. 25020083 7 40 with useful 1106:1111 arg1 merit 942:946 merit 942:946 merit of simplicity, convenience, quickness, high accuracy and precision, automatic detection of titration end-point and low-cost 942:1070 With merit of simplicity, convenience, quickness, high accuracy and precision, automatic detection of titration end-point and low-cost, the proposed method will be very useful in the industrial production. 25020083 4 41 theme optimized 415:423 arg1 KCl 478:480 1.0 mol/L KCl 468:480 1.0 mol/L KCl 468:480 The optimized experimental parameters in this study were 1.0 mol/L KCl as supporting electrolyte, 15.00 mA as the intensity of constant current, composite glass electrode as indicating electrode couples, double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode as working electrode pairs, pH 3.80 as the titration end-point. 25020083 4 41 theme optimized 415:423 arg1 parameters 438:447 The optimized experimental parameters 411:447 The optimized experimental parameters in this study 411:461 The optimized experimental parameters in this study were 1.0 mol/L KCl as supporting electrolyte, 15.00 mA as the intensity of constant current, composite glass electrode as indicating electrode couples, double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode as working electrode pairs, pH 3.80 as the titration end-point. 25020083 7 42 theme end-point 1049:1057 arg1 detection 1026:1034 automatic detection 1016:1034 automatic detection of titration end-point 1016:1057 With merit of simplicity, convenience, quickness, high accuracy and precision, automatic detection of titration end-point and low-cost, the proposed method will be very useful in the industrial production. 25020083 7 42 theme end-point 1049:1057 arg1 simplicity 951:960 simplicity 951:960 simplicity 951:960 With merit of simplicity, convenience, quickness, high accuracy and precision, automatic detection of titration end-point and low-cost, the proposed method will be very useful in the industrial production. 25020083 7 42 theme end-point 1049:1057 arg1 accuracy 992:999 high accuracy 987:999 high accuracy 987:999 With merit of simplicity, convenience, quickness, high accuracy and precision, automatic detection of titration end-point and low-cost, the proposed method will be very useful in the industrial production. 25020083 7 42 theme end-point 1049:1057 arg1 precision 1005:1013 precision 1005:1013 precision 1005:1013 With merit of simplicity, convenience, quickness, high accuracy and precision, automatic detection of titration end-point and low-cost, the proposed method will be very useful in the industrial production. 25020083 7 42 theme end-point 1049:1057 arg1 convenience 963:973 convenience 963:973 convenience 963:973 With merit of simplicity, convenience, quickness, high accuracy and precision, automatic detection of titration end-point and low-cost, the proposed method will be very useful in the industrial production. 25020083 7 42 theme end-point 1049:1057 arg1 quickness 976:984 quickness 976:984 quickness 976:984 With merit of simplicity, convenience, quickness, high accuracy and precision, automatic detection of titration end-point and low-cost, the proposed method will be very useful in the industrial production. 25020083 1 43 theme novel 108:112 arg1 method 114:119 A novel method 106:119 A novel method to determine the degree of deacetylation of chitosan 106:172 A novel method to determine the degree of deacetylation of chitosan is described. 25020083 4 44 theme working 688:694 arg1 pairs 706:710 working electrode pairs 688:710 working electrode pairs 688:710 The optimized experimental parameters in this study were 1.0 mol/L KCl as supporting electrolyte, 15.00 mA as the intensity of constant current, composite glass electrode as indicating electrode couples, double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode as working electrode pairs, pH 3.80 as the titration end-point. 25020083 4 45 theme current 547:553 arg1 electrolyte 496:506 electrolyte 496:506 electrolyte 496:506 The optimized experimental parameters in this study were 1.0 mol/L KCl as supporting electrolyte, 15.00 mA as the intensity of constant current, composite glass electrode as indicating electrode couples, double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode as working electrode pairs, pH 3.80 as the titration end-point. 25020083 4 45 theme current 547:553 arg1 intensity 525:533 the intensity 521:533 the intensity of constant current 521:553 The optimized experimental parameters in this study were 1.0 mol/L KCl as supporting electrolyte, 15.00 mA as the intensity of constant current, composite glass electrode as indicating electrode couples, double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode as working electrode pairs, pH 3.80 as the titration end-point. 25020083 7 46 theme industrial 1120:1129 arg1 production 1131:1140 the industrial production 1116:1140 the industrial production 1116:1140 With merit of simplicity, convenience, quickness, high accuracy and precision, automatic detection of titration end-point and low-cost, the proposed method will be very useful in the industrial production. 25020083 7 47 from production 1131:1140 arg1 useful 1106:1111 useful 1106:1111 useful 1106:1111 With merit of simplicity, convenience, quickness, high accuracy and precision, automatic detection of titration end-point and low-cost, the proposed method will be very useful in the industrial production. 25020083 7 47 from production 1131:1140 arg1 method 1086:1091 the proposed method 1073:1091 the proposed method 1073:1091 With merit of simplicity, convenience, quickness, high accuracy and precision, automatic detection of titration end-point and low-cost, the proposed method will be very useful in the industrial production. 25020083 4 48 theme electrode-platinum 641:658 arg1 electrode 596:604 electrode couples 596:612 electrode couples 596:612 The optimized experimental parameters in this study were 1.0 mol/L KCl as supporting electrolyte, 15.00 mA as the intensity of constant current, composite glass electrode as indicating electrode couples, double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode as working electrode pairs, pH 3.80 as the titration end-point. 25020083 4 48 theme electrode-platinum 641:658 arg1 electrode 675:683 double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode 615:683 double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode as working electrode pairs 615:710 The optimized experimental parameters in this study were 1.0 mol/L KCl as supporting electrolyte, 15.00 mA as the intensity of constant current, composite glass electrode as indicating electrode couples, double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode as working electrode pairs, pH 3.80 as the titration end-point. 25020083 4 49 theme glass 566:570 arg1 electrode 572:580 composite glass electrode 556:580 composite glass electrode 556:580 The optimized experimental parameters in this study were 1.0 mol/L KCl as supporting electrolyte, 15.00 mA as the intensity of constant current, composite glass electrode as indicating electrode couples, double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode as working electrode pairs, pH 3.80 as the titration end-point. 25020083 0 50 theme degree 44:49 arg1 determination 23:35 the determination 19:35 the determination of the degree of deacetylation of chitosan by coulometric titration 19:103 A novel method for the determination of the degree of deacetylation of chitosan by coulometric titration. 25020083 5 51 from degree 753:758 arg1 samples 789:795 the four samples 780:795 the four samples 780:795 The degree of deacetylation in the four samples, which varied from 70 to 95% were measured. 25020083 4 52 theme generated 631:639 arg1 electrode 596:604 electrode couples 596:612 electrode couples 596:612 The optimized experimental parameters in this study were 1.0 mol/L KCl as supporting electrolyte, 15.00 mA as the intensity of constant current, composite glass electrode as indicating electrode couples, double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode as working electrode pairs, pH 3.80 as the titration end-point. 25020083 4 52 theme generated 631:639 arg1 electrode 675:683 double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode 615:683 double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode as working electrode pairs 615:710 The optimized experimental parameters in this study were 1.0 mol/L KCl as supporting electrolyte, 15.00 mA as the intensity of constant current, composite glass electrode as indicating electrode couples, double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode as working electrode pairs, pH 3.80 as the titration end-point. 25020083 4 53 theme composite 556:564 arg1 electrode 572:580 composite glass electrode 556:580 composite glass electrode 556:580 The optimized experimental parameters in this study were 1.0 mol/L KCl as supporting electrolyte, 15.00 mA as the intensity of constant current, composite glass electrode as indicating electrode couples, double platinum generated electrode-platinum wire auxiliary electrode as working electrode pairs, pH 3.80 as the titration end-point. 25226382 3 0 from CNCs 435:438 arg1 fiber 455:459 the polymer fiber 443:459 the polymer fiber 443:459 A systematic characterization of dispersion of CNCs in the polymer fiber and their effect on the nanocomposites' mechanical properties is described. 25226382 1 1 theme spun 164:167 arg1 fibers 192:197 dry spun cellulose acetate (CA) fibers 160:197 dry spun cellulose acetate (CA) fibers using cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as reinforcements 160:251 This work presents the development of dry spun cellulose acetate (CA) fibers using cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as reinforcements. 25226382 5 2 theme 2D 635:636 arg1 diffraction 644:654 2D X-ray diffraction 635:654 2D X-ray diffraction 635:654 2D X-ray diffraction was used to quantify the degree of CNC alignment within the fibers. 25226382 2 3 theme tensile 337:343 arg1 strength 345:352 tensile strength 337:352 tensile strength 337:352 Increasing amounts of CNCs were dispersed into CA fibers in efforts to improve the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the fiber. 25226382 5 4 theme alignment 695:703 arg1 degree 681:686 the degree 677:686 the degree of CNC alignment within the fibers 677:721 2D X-ray diffraction was used to quantify the degree of CNC alignment within the fibers. 25226382 0 5 from Effects 0:6 arg1 acetate 67:73 cellulose nanocrystals-cellulose acetate 34:73 cellulose nanocrystals-cellulose acetate 34:73 Effects of crystal orientation on cellulose nanocrystals-cellulose acetate nanocomposite fibers prepared by dry spinning. 25226382 5 6 theme X-ray 638:642 arg1 diffraction 644:654 2D X-ray diffraction 635:654 2D X-ray diffraction 635:654 2D X-ray diffraction was used to quantify the degree of CNC alignment within the fibers. 25226382 8 7 theme micromechanical 928:942 arg1 models 944:949 Empirical micromechanical models Halpin-Tsai equation 918:970 Empirical micromechanical models Halpin-Tsai equation 918:970 Empirical micromechanical models Halpin-Tsai equation and an orientation modified Cox model were used to predict the fiber performance and compared with experimental results. 25226382 2 8 dep strength 345:352 arg1 the 333:335 the 333:335 the 333:335 Increasing amounts of CNCs were dispersed into CA fibers in efforts to improve the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the fiber. 25226382 2 9 dep improve 325:331 arg1 efforts 314:320 efforts 314:320 efforts 314:320 Increasing amounts of CNCs were dispersed into CA fibers in efforts to improve the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the fiber. 25226382 0 10 theme dry 108:110 arg1 spinning 112:119 dry spinning 108:119 dry spinning 108:119 Effects of crystal orientation on cellulose nanocrystals-cellulose acetate nanocomposite fibers prepared by dry spinning. 25226382 7 11 theme Maximum 826:832 arg1 improvements 834:845 Maximum improvements 826:845 Maximum improvements of 137% in tensile strength and 637% in elastic modulus 826:901 Maximum improvements of 137% in tensile strength and 637% in elastic modulus were achieved. 25226382 8 12 theme Halpin-Tsai 951:961 arg1 equation 963:970 Halpin-Tsai equation 951:970 Empirical micromechanical models Halpin-Tsai equation 918:970 Empirical micromechanical models Halpin-Tsai equation and an orientation modified Cox model were used to predict the fiber performance and compared with experimental results. 25226382 2 13 theme CNCs 276:279 arg1 CNCs 276:279 CNCs 276:279 CNCs 276:279 Increasing amounts of CNCs were dispersed into CA fibers in efforts to improve the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the fiber. 25226382 2 13 theme CNCs 276:279 arg1 amounts 265:271 Increasing amounts 254:271 Increasing amounts of CNCs 254:279 Increasing amounts of CNCs were dispersed into CA fibers in efforts to improve the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the fiber. 25226382 1 14 theme acetate 179:185 arg1 fibers 192:197 dry spun cellulose acetate (CA) fibers 160:197 dry spun cellulose acetate (CA) fibers using cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as reinforcements 160:251 This work presents the development of dry spun cellulose acetate (CA) fibers using cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as reinforcements. 25226382 3 15 theme systematic 390:399 arg1 characterization 401:416 A systematic characterization 388:416 A systematic characterization of dispersion of CNCs in the polymer fiber 388:459 A systematic characterization of dispersion of CNCs in the polymer fiber and their effect on the nanocomposites' mechanical properties is described. 25226382 7 16 theme elastic 887:893 arg1 modulus 895:901 elastic modulus 887:901 elastic modulus 887:901 Maximum improvements of 137% in tensile strength and 637% in elastic modulus were achieved. 25226382 3 17 theme CNCs 435:438 arg1 dispersion 421:430 dispersion 421:430 dispersion of CNCs in the polymer fiber 421:459 A systematic characterization of dispersion of CNCs in the polymer fiber and their effect on the nanocomposites' mechanical properties is described. 25226382 8 18 theme fiber 1035:1039 arg1 performance 1041:1051 the fiber performance 1031:1051 the fiber performance 1031:1051 Empirical micromechanical models Halpin-Tsai equation and an orientation modified Cox model were used to predict the fiber performance and compared with experimental results. 25226382 6 19 theme CNC 745:747 arg1 alignment 749:757 the CNC alignment 741:757 the CNC alignment 741:757 It is shown that the CNC alignment directly correlates to the mechanical properties of the composite. 25226382 1 20 dep spun 164:167 arg1 dry 160:162 dry 160:162 dry 160:162 This work presents the development of dry spun cellulose acetate (CA) fibers using cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as reinforcements. 25226382 3 21 from effect 471:476 arg1 properties 512:521 the nanocomposites' mechanical properties 481:521 the nanocomposites' mechanical properties 481:521 A systematic characterization of dispersion of CNCs in the polymer fiber and their effect on the nanocomposites' mechanical properties is described. 25226382 7 22 from strength 866:873 arg1 improvements 834:845 Maximum improvements 826:845 Maximum improvements of 137% in tensile strength and 637% in elastic modulus 826:901 Maximum improvements of 137% in tensile strength and 637% in elastic modulus were achieved. 25226382 3 23 theme dispersion 421:430 arg1 effect 471:476 their effect 465:476 their effect on the nanocomposites' mechanical properties 465:521 A systematic characterization of dispersion of CNCs in the polymer fiber and their effect on the nanocomposites' mechanical properties is described. 25226382 3 23 theme dispersion 421:430 arg1 characterization 401:416 A systematic characterization 388:416 A systematic characterization of dispersion of CNCs in the polymer fiber 388:459 A systematic characterization of dispersion of CNCs in the polymer fiber and their effect on the nanocomposites' mechanical properties is described. 25226382 0 24 theme orientation 19:29 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of crystal orientation on cellulose nanocrystals-cellulose acetate 0:73 Effects of crystal orientation on cellulose nanocrystals-cellulose acetate nanocomposite fibers prepared by dry spinning. 25226382 7 25 theme % 882:882 arg1 improvements 834:845 Maximum improvements 826:845 Maximum improvements of 137% in tensile strength and 637% in elastic modulus 826:901 Maximum improvements of 137% in tensile strength and 637% in elastic modulus were achieved. 25226382 8 26 theme orientation 979:989 arg1 model 1004:1008 an orientation modified Cox model 976:1008 an orientation modified Cox model 976:1008 Empirical micromechanical models Halpin-Tsai equation and an orientation modified Cox model were used to predict the fiber performance and compared with experimental results. 25226382 2 27 theme CA 301:302 arg1 fibers 304:309 CA fibers 301:309 CA fibers 301:309 Increasing amounts of CNCs were dispersed into CA fibers in efforts to improve the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the fiber. 25226382 3 28 theme polymer 447:453 arg1 fiber 455:459 the polymer fiber 443:459 the polymer fiber 443:459 A systematic characterization of dispersion of CNCs in the polymer fiber and their effect on the nanocomposites' mechanical properties is described. 25226382 0 29 theme crystal 11:17 arg1 orientation 19:29 crystal orientation 11:29 crystal orientation 11:29 Effects of crystal orientation on cellulose nanocrystals-cellulose acetate nanocomposite fibers prepared by dry spinning. 25226382 4 30 theme thermal 556:562 arg1 properties 564:573 thermal properties 556:573 thermal properties 556:573 The birefringence, thermal properties, and degree of CNC orientation of the fibers are discussed. 25226382 7 31 from % 853:853 arg1 strength 866:873 tensile strength 858:873 tensile strength 858:873 Maximum improvements of 137% in tensile strength and 637% in elastic modulus were achieved. 25226382 7 31 from % 853:853 arg1 modulus 895:901 elastic modulus 887:901 elastic modulus 887:901 Maximum improvements of 137% in tensile strength and 637% in elastic modulus were achieved. 25226382 1 32 theme cellulose 169:177 arg1 CA 188:189 CA 188:189 CA 188:189 This work presents the development of dry spun cellulose acetate (CA) fibers using cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as reinforcements. 25226382 1 32 theme cellulose 169:177 arg1 acetate 179:185 cellulose acetate 169:185 dry spun cellulose acetate (CA) fibers using cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as reinforcements 160:251 This work presents the development of dry spun cellulose acetate (CA) fibers using cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as reinforcements. 25226382 8 33 dep models 944:949 arg1 equation 963:970 Halpin-Tsai equation 951:970 Empirical micromechanical models Halpin-Tsai equation 918:970 Empirical micromechanical models Halpin-Tsai equation and an orientation modified Cox model were used to predict the fiber performance and compared with experimental results. 25226382 0 34 theme cellulose 34:42 arg1 acetate 67:73 cellulose nanocrystals-cellulose acetate 34:73 cellulose nanocrystals-cellulose acetate 34:73 Effects of crystal orientation on cellulose nanocrystals-cellulose acetate nanocomposite fibers prepared by dry spinning. 25226382 1 35 theme cellulose 205:213 arg1 CNCs 229:232 CNCs 229:232 CNCs 229:232 This work presents the development of dry spun cellulose acetate (CA) fibers using cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as reinforcements. 25226382 1 35 theme cellulose 205:213 arg1 reinforcements 238:251 reinforcements 238:251 reinforcements 238:251 This work presents the development of dry spun cellulose acetate (CA) fibers using cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as reinforcements. 25226382 1 35 theme cellulose 205:213 arg1 nanocrystals 215:226 cellulose nanocrystals 205:226 cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 205:233 This work presents the development of dry spun cellulose acetate (CA) fibers using cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as reinforcements. 25226382 2 36 theme fiber 381:385 arg1 strength 345:352 tensile strength 337:352 tensile strength 337:352 Increasing amounts of CNCs were dispersed into CA fibers in efforts to improve the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the fiber. 25226382 2 36 theme fiber 381:385 arg1 modulus 366:372 elastic modulus 358:372 elastic modulus 358:372 Increasing amounts of CNCs were dispersed into CA fibers in efforts to improve the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the fiber. 25226382 5 37 theme CNC 691:693 arg1 alignment 695:703 CNC alignment 691:703 CNC alignment 691:703 2D X-ray diffraction was used to quantify the degree of CNC alignment within the fibers. 25226382 5 38 used used 660:663 arg2 diffraction 644:654 2D X-ray diffraction 635:654 2D X-ray diffraction 635:654 2D X-ray diffraction was used to quantify the degree of CNC alignment within the fibers. 25226382 6 39 theme composite 815:823 arg1 properties 797:806 the mechanical properties 782:806 the mechanical properties of the composite 782:823 It is shown that the CNC alignment directly correlates to the mechanical properties of the composite. 25226382 7 40 from % 882:882 arg1 strength 866:873 tensile strength 858:873 tensile strength 858:873 Maximum improvements of 137% in tensile strength and 637% in elastic modulus were achieved. 25226382 7 40 from % 882:882 arg1 modulus 895:901 elastic modulus 887:901 elastic modulus 887:901 Maximum improvements of 137% in tensile strength and 637% in elastic modulus were achieved. 25226382 0 41 theme nanocrystals-cellulose 44:65 arg1 acetate 67:73 cellulose nanocrystals-cellulose acetate 34:73 cellulose nanocrystals-cellulose acetate 34:73 Effects of crystal orientation on cellulose nanocrystals-cellulose acetate nanocomposite fibers prepared by dry spinning. 25226382 8 42 theme experimental 1071:1082 arg1 results 1084:1090 experimental results 1071:1090 experimental results 1071:1090 Empirical micromechanical models Halpin-Tsai equation and an orientation modified Cox model were used to predict the fiber performance and compared with experimental results. 25226382 7 43 from improvements 834:845 arg1 strength 866:873 tensile strength 858:873 tensile strength 858:873 Maximum improvements of 137% in tensile strength and 637% in elastic modulus were achieved. 25226382 7 43 from improvements 834:845 arg1 modulus 895:901 elastic modulus 887:901 elastic modulus 887:901 Maximum improvements of 137% in tensile strength and 637% in elastic modulus were achieved. 25226382 3 44 from characterization 401:416 arg1 properties 512:521 the nanocomposites' mechanical properties 481:521 the nanocomposites' mechanical properties 481:521 A systematic characterization of dispersion of CNCs in the polymer fiber and their effect on the nanocomposites' mechanical properties is described. 25226382 3 45 from fiber 455:459 arg1 dispersion 421:430 dispersion 421:430 dispersion of CNCs in the polymer fiber 421:459 A systematic characterization of dispersion of CNCs in the polymer fiber and their effect on the nanocomposites' mechanical properties is described. 25226382 3 46 from dispersion 421:430 arg1 fiber 455:459 the polymer fiber 443:459 the polymer fiber 443:459 A systematic characterization of dispersion of CNCs in the polymer fiber and their effect on the nanocomposites' mechanical properties is described. 25226382 4 47 theme CNC 590:592 arg1 orientation 594:604 CNC orientation 590:604 CNC orientation of the fibers 590:618 The birefringence, thermal properties, and degree of CNC orientation of the fibers are discussed. 25226382 2 48 theme Increasing 254:263 arg1 CNCs 276:279 CNCs 276:279 CNCs 276:279 Increasing amounts of CNCs were dispersed into CA fibers in efforts to improve the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the fiber. 25226382 2 48 theme Increasing 254:263 arg1 amounts 265:271 Increasing amounts 254:271 Increasing amounts of CNCs 254:279 Increasing amounts of CNCs were dispersed into CA fibers in efforts to improve the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the fiber. 25226382 7 49 from modulus 895:901 arg1 improvements 834:845 Maximum improvements 826:845 Maximum improvements of 137% in tensile strength and 637% in elastic modulus 826:901 Maximum improvements of 137% in tensile strength and 637% in elastic modulus were achieved. 25226382 7 50 theme tensile 858:864 arg1 strength 866:873 tensile strength 858:873 tensile strength 858:873 Maximum improvements of 137% in tensile strength and 637% in elastic modulus were achieved. 25226382 8 51 theme modified 991:998 arg1 model 1004:1008 an orientation modified Cox model 976:1008 an orientation modified Cox model 976:1008 Empirical micromechanical models Halpin-Tsai equation and an orientation modified Cox model were used to predict the fiber performance and compared with experimental results. 25226382 6 52 theme mechanical 786:795 arg1 properties 797:806 the mechanical properties 782:806 the mechanical properties of the composite 782:823 It is shown that the CNC alignment directly correlates to the mechanical properties of the composite. 25226382 1 53 theme fibers 192:197 arg1 development 145:155 the development 141:155 the development of dry spun cellulose acetate (CA) fibers using cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as reinforcements 141:251 This work presents the development of dry spun cellulose acetate (CA) fibers using cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as reinforcements. 25226382 2 54 theme elastic 358:364 arg1 modulus 366:372 elastic modulus 358:372 elastic modulus 358:372 Increasing amounts of CNCs were dispersed into CA fibers in efforts to improve the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the fiber. 25226382 8 55 theme Cox 1000:1002 arg1 model 1004:1008 an orientation modified Cox model 976:1008 an orientation modified Cox model 976:1008 Empirical micromechanical models Halpin-Tsai equation and an orientation modified Cox model were used to predict the fiber performance and compared with experimental results. 25226382 8 56 used used 1015:1018 arg2 model 1004:1008 an orientation modified Cox model 976:1008 an orientation modified Cox model 976:1008 Empirical micromechanical models Halpin-Tsai equation and an orientation modified Cox model were used to predict the fiber performance and compared with experimental results. 25226382 8 56 used used 1015:1018 arg2 models 944:949 Empirical micromechanical models Halpin-Tsai equation 918:970 Empirical micromechanical models Halpin-Tsai equation 918:970 Empirical micromechanical models Halpin-Tsai equation and an orientation modified Cox model were used to predict the fiber performance and compared with experimental results. 25226382 4 57 theme fibers 613:618 arg1 orientation 594:604 CNC orientation 590:604 CNC orientation of the fibers 590:618 The birefringence, thermal properties, and degree of CNC orientation of the fibers are discussed. 25226382 8 58 theme Empirical 918:926 arg1 models 944:949 Empirical micromechanical models Halpin-Tsai equation 918:970 Empirical micromechanical models Halpin-Tsai equation 918:970 Empirical micromechanical models Halpin-Tsai equation and an orientation modified Cox model were used to predict the fiber performance and compared with experimental results. 25226382 3 59 theme mechanical 501:510 arg1 properties 512:521 the nanocomposites' mechanical properties 481:521 the nanocomposites' mechanical properties 481:521 A systematic characterization of dispersion of CNCs in the polymer fiber and their effect on the nanocomposites' mechanical properties is described. 25226382 7 60 theme % 853:853 arg1 improvements 834:845 Maximum improvements 826:845 Maximum improvements of 137% in tensile strength and 637% in elastic modulus 826:901 Maximum improvements of 137% in tensile strength and 637% in elastic modulus were achieved. 25226382 4 61 theme orientation 594:604 arg1 birefringence 541:553 The birefringence 537:553 The birefringence 537:553 The birefringence, thermal properties, and degree of CNC orientation of the fibers are discussed. 25226382 4 61 theme orientation 594:604 arg1 properties 564:573 thermal properties 556:573 thermal properties 556:573 The birefringence, thermal properties, and degree of CNC orientation of the fibers are discussed. 25226382 4 61 theme orientation 594:604 arg1 degree 580:585 degree 580:585 degree 580:585 The birefringence, thermal properties, and degree of CNC orientation of the fibers are discussed. 24774071 6 0 theme β-D-glucosidase 1141:1155 arg1 mucinase 1177:1184 mucinase 1177:1184 mucinase 1177:1184 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 6 0 theme β-D-glucosidase 1141:1155 arg1 urease 1191:1196 urease 1191:1196 urease 1191:1196 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 6 0 theme β-D-glucosidase 1141:1155 arg1 β-D-glucuronidase 1158:1174 β-D-glucuronidase 1158:1174 β-D-glucuronidase 1158:1174 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 6 0 theme β-D-glucosidase 1141:1155 arg1 activities 1127:1136 the activities 1123:1136 the activities of β-D-glucosidase 1123:1155 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 3 1 theme unique 481:486 arg1 characteristics 488:502 unique characteristics 481:502 unique characteristics 481:502 Based on its chemical composition and unique characteristics, we hypothesized that daily consumption of WIFF would improve intestinal function in hamsters. 24774071 6 2 theme growth 1299:1304 arg1 acid 1265:1268 short-chain fatty acid 1247:1268 short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content 1247:1289 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 6 2 theme growth 1299:1304 arg1 spp 1346:1348 Lactobacillus spp 1332:1348 Lactobacillus spp 1332:1348 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 6 2 theme growth 1299:1304 arg1 spp 1370:1372 Bifidobacterium spp 1354:1372 Bifidobacterium spp 1354:1372 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 6 2 theme growth 1299:1304 arg1 amounts 1236:1242 the total amounts 1226:1242 the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp 1226:1372 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 6 2 theme growth 1299:1304 arg1 growth 1299:1304 the growth 1295:1304 the growth of gut microflora 1295:1322 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 6 3 theme daily 1042:1046 arg1 output 1062:1067 the daily fecal ammonia output 1038:1067 the daily fecal ammonia output 1038:1067 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 3 4 theme daily 526:530 arg1 consumption 532:542 daily consumption 526:542 daily consumption of WIFF 526:550 Based on its chemical composition and unique characteristics, we hypothesized that daily consumption of WIFF would improve intestinal function in hamsters. 24774071 1 5 theme agricultural 171:182 arg1 processing 184:193 agricultural processing 171:193 agricultural processing 171:193 Pineapple peel, a byproduct of agricultural processing, contains high levels of water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction (WIFF) (~42%, wt/wt). 24774071 6 6 from supplementation 951:965 arg1 diet 980:983 a diet 978:983 a diet at a level of 2.5% 978:1002 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 6 6 from supplementation 951:965 arg1 level 990:994 a level 988:994 a level of 2.5% 988:1002 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 2 7 theme previous 282:289 arg1 work 291:294 Our previous work 278:294 Our previous work 278:294 Our previous work has demonstrated that cellulose, hemicellulose (xylan and xyloglucan), and pectic substances are the major polysaccharides of pineapple-peel WIFF. 24774071 6 8 theme P 1019:1019 arg1 < 1021:1021 P < .05 1019:1025 P < .05 1019:1025 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 0 9 theme fecal 122:126 arg1 indicators 128:137 cecal and fecal indicators 112:137 cecal and fecal indicators 112:137 Water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction from pineapple peel improves intestinal function in hamsters: evidence from cecal and fecal indicators. 24774071 5 10 theme enzymes 758:764 arg1 number 820:825 microbial number 810:825 microbial number in the cecal content 810:846 Activities of fecal bacterial enzymes, short-chain fatty acid concentrations, and microbial number in the cecal content, and also biochemical indicators in the cecal and feces of hamsters, were evaluated in all groups. 24774071 5 10 theme enzymes 758:764 arg1 Activities 728:737 Activities 728:737 Activities of fecal bacterial enzymes 728:764 Activities of fecal bacterial enzymes, short-chain fatty acid concentrations, and microbial number in the cecal content, and also biochemical indicators in the cecal and feces of hamsters, were evaluated in all groups. 24774071 5 10 theme enzymes 758:764 arg1 indicators 870:879 biochemical indicators 858:879 biochemical indicators in the cecal and feces of hamsters 858:914 Activities of fecal bacterial enzymes, short-chain fatty acid concentrations, and microbial number in the cecal content, and also biochemical indicators in the cecal and feces of hamsters, were evaluated in all groups. 24774071 6 11 theme transit 1101:1107 arg1 time 1109:1112 the gastrointestinal transit time 1080:1112 the gastrointestinal transit time 1080:1112 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 5 12 theme short-chain 767:777 arg1 acid 785:788 short-chain fatty acid 767:788 short-chain fatty acid concentrations 767:803 Activities of fecal bacterial enzymes, short-chain fatty acid concentrations, and microbial number in the cecal content, and also biochemical indicators in the cecal and feces of hamsters, were evaluated in all groups. 24774071 0 13 from function 76:83 arg1 hamsters 88:95 hamsters 88:95 hamsters 88:95 Water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction from pineapple peel improves intestinal function in hamsters: evidence from cecal and fecal indicators. 24774071 4 14 theme various 684:690 arg1 WIFF 703:706 WIFF 703:706 WIFF (2.5%, 5%, or 10%) 703:725 Male Golden Syrian hamsters were fed a diet supplemented with either 5% cellulose or various amounts of WIFF (2.5%, 5%, or 10%). 24774071 4 14 theme various 684:690 arg1 amounts 692:698 various amounts 684:698 various amounts of WIFF (2.5%, 5%, or 10%) 684:725 Male Golden Syrian hamsters were fed a diet supplemented with either 5% cellulose or various amounts of WIFF (2.5%, 5%, or 10%). 24774071 3 15 theme intestinal 566:575 arg1 function 577:584 intestinal function 566:584 intestinal function in hamsters 566:596 Based on its chemical composition and unique characteristics, we hypothesized that daily consumption of WIFF would improve intestinal function in hamsters. 24774071 8 16 theme intestinal 1636:1645 arg1 function 1647:1654 human intestinal function 1630:1654 human intestinal function 1630:1654 Therefore, pineapple-peel WIFF could be a promising candidate for a functional ingredient beneficial to human intestinal function and health. 24774071 5 17 theme cecal 834:838 arg1 content 840:846 the cecal content 830:846 the cecal content 830:846 Activities of fecal bacterial enzymes, short-chain fatty acid concentrations, and microbial number in the cecal content, and also biochemical indicators in the cecal and feces of hamsters, were evaluated in all groups. 24774071 4 18 dep WIFF 703:706 arg1 % 724:724 10% 722:724 10% 722:724 Male Golden Syrian hamsters were fed a diet supplemented with either 5% cellulose or various amounts of WIFF (2.5%, 5%, or 10%). 24774071 4 18 dep WIFF 703:706 arg1 % 712:712 2.5% 709:712 2.5% 709:712 Male Golden Syrian hamsters were fed a diet supplemented with either 5% cellulose or various amounts of WIFF (2.5%, 5%, or 10%). 24774071 4 18 dep WIFF 703:706 arg1 % 716:716 5% 715:716 5% 715:716 Male Golden Syrian hamsters were fed a diet supplemented with either 5% cellulose or various amounts of WIFF (2.5%, 5%, or 10%). 24774071 6 19 theme ammonia 1054:1060 arg1 output 1062:1067 the daily fecal ammonia output 1038:1067 the daily fecal ammonia output 1038:1067 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 4 20 theme 5 668:668 arg1 % 669:669 % 669:669 % 669:669 Male Golden Syrian hamsters were fed a diet supplemented with either 5% cellulose or various amounts of WIFF (2.5%, 5%, or 10%). 24774071 5 21 theme microbial 810:818 arg1 number 820:825 microbial number 810:825 microbial number in the cecal content 810:846 Activities of fecal bacterial enzymes, short-chain fatty acid concentrations, and microbial number in the cecal content, and also biochemical indicators in the cecal and feces of hamsters, were evaluated in all groups. 24774071 7 22 theme ecosystem 1428:1436 arg1 function 1438:1445 cecal ecosystem function 1422:1445 cecal ecosystem function of hamsters 1422:1457 These results indicate that WIFF could improve cecal ecosystem function of hamsters by reducing the toxic compounds excreted by intestinal microflora. 24774071 5 23 from number 820:825 arg1 cecal 888:892 cecal 888:892 cecal 888:892 Activities of fecal bacterial enzymes, short-chain fatty acid concentrations, and microbial number in the cecal content, and also biochemical indicators in the cecal and feces of hamsters, were evaluated in all groups. 24774071 5 23 from number 820:825 arg1 feces 898:902 feces 898:902 feces 898:902 Activities of fecal bacterial enzymes, short-chain fatty acid concentrations, and microbial number in the cecal content, and also biochemical indicators in the cecal and feces of hamsters, were evaluated in all groups. 24774071 5 23 from number 820:825 arg1 content 840:846 the cecal content 830:846 the cecal content 830:846 Activities of fecal bacterial enzymes, short-chain fatty acid concentrations, and microbial number in the cecal content, and also biochemical indicators in the cecal and feces of hamsters, were evaluated in all groups. 24774071 2 24 dep hemicellulose 329:341 arg1 xyloglucan 354:363 xyloglucan 354:363 xyloglucan 354:363 Our previous work has demonstrated that cellulose, hemicellulose (xylan and xyloglucan), and pectic substances are the major polysaccharides of pineapple-peel WIFF. 24774071 2 24 dep hemicellulose 329:341 arg1 xylan 344:348 xylan 344:348 xylan 344:348 Our previous work has demonstrated that cellulose, hemicellulose (xylan and xyloglucan), and pectic substances are the major polysaccharides of pineapple-peel WIFF. 24774071 1 25 theme Pineapple 140:148 arg1 peel 150:153 Pineapple peel 140:153 Pineapple peel 140:153 Pineapple peel, a byproduct of agricultural processing, contains high levels of water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction (WIFF) (~42%, wt/wt). 24774071 1 25 theme Pineapple 140:148 arg1 byproduct 158:166 a byproduct 156:166 a byproduct of agricultural processing 156:193 Pineapple peel, a byproduct of agricultural processing, contains high levels of water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction (WIFF) (~42%, wt/wt). 24774071 0 26 theme cecal 112:116 arg1 indicators 128:137 cecal and fecal indicators 112:137 cecal and fecal indicators 112:137 Water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction from pineapple peel improves intestinal function in hamsters: evidence from cecal and fecal indicators. 24774071 0 27 theme Water-insoluble 0:14 arg1 fraction 27:34 Water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction 0:34 Water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction from pineapple peel 0:54 Water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction from pineapple peel improves intestinal function in hamsters: evidence from cecal and fecal indicators. 24774071 1 28 theme % 267:267 arg1 wt/wt 270:274 ~42%, wt/wt 264:274 wt/wt 270:274 Pineapple peel, a byproduct of agricultural processing, contains high levels of water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction (WIFF) (~42%, wt/wt). 24774071 1 28 theme % 267:267 arg1 fraction 247:254 water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction 220:254 water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction (WIFF) (~42%, wt/wt) 220:275 Pineapple peel, a byproduct of agricultural processing, contains high levels of water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction (WIFF) (~42%, wt/wt). 24774071 2 29 theme major 397:401 arg1 polysaccharides 403:417 the major polysaccharides 393:417 the major polysaccharides of pineapple-peel WIFF 393:440 Our previous work has demonstrated that cellulose, hemicellulose (xylan and xyloglucan), and pectic substances are the major polysaccharides of pineapple-peel WIFF. 24774071 2 29 theme major 397:401 arg1 hemicellulose 329:341 hemicellulose 329:341 hemicellulose (xylan and xyloglucan) 329:364 Our previous work has demonstrated that cellulose, hemicellulose (xylan and xyloglucan), and pectic substances are the major polysaccharides of pineapple-peel WIFF. 24774071 2 29 theme major 397:401 arg1 cellulose 318:326 cellulose 318:326 cellulose 318:326 Our previous work has demonstrated that cellulose, hemicellulose (xylan and xyloglucan), and pectic substances are the major polysaccharides of pineapple-peel WIFF. 24774071 2 29 theme major 397:401 arg1 substances 378:387 pectic substances 371:387 pectic substances 371:387 Our previous work has demonstrated that cellulose, hemicellulose (xylan and xyloglucan), and pectic substances are the major polysaccharides of pineapple-peel WIFF. 24774071 5 30 theme fecal 742:746 arg1 enzymes 758:764 fecal bacterial enzymes 742:764 fecal bacterial enzymes 742:764 Activities of fecal bacterial enzymes, short-chain fatty acid concentrations, and microbial number in the cecal content, and also biochemical indicators in the cecal and feces of hamsters, were evaluated in all groups. 24774071 7 31 theme intestinal 1503:1512 arg1 microflora 1514:1523 intestinal microflora 1503:1523 intestinal microflora 1503:1523 These results indicate that WIFF could improve cecal ecosystem function of hamsters by reducing the toxic compounds excreted by intestinal microflora. 24774071 2 32 theme pectic 371:376 arg1 polysaccharides 403:417 the major polysaccharides 393:417 the major polysaccharides of pineapple-peel WIFF 393:440 Our previous work has demonstrated that cellulose, hemicellulose (xylan and xyloglucan), and pectic substances are the major polysaccharides of pineapple-peel WIFF. 24774071 2 32 theme pectic 371:376 arg1 hemicellulose 329:341 hemicellulose 329:341 hemicellulose (xylan and xyloglucan) 329:364 Our previous work has demonstrated that cellulose, hemicellulose (xylan and xyloglucan), and pectic substances are the major polysaccharides of pineapple-peel WIFF. 24774071 2 32 theme pectic 371:376 arg1 cellulose 318:326 cellulose 318:326 cellulose 318:326 Our previous work has demonstrated that cellulose, hemicellulose (xylan and xyloglucan), and pectic substances are the major polysaccharides of pineapple-peel WIFF. 24774071 2 32 theme pectic 371:376 arg1 substances 378:387 pectic substances 371:387 pectic substances 371:387 Our previous work has demonstrated that cellulose, hemicellulose (xylan and xyloglucan), and pectic substances are the major polysaccharides of pineapple-peel WIFF. 24774071 0 33 theme pineapple 41:49 arg1 peel 51:54 pineapple peel 41:54 pineapple peel 41:54 Water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction from pineapple peel improves intestinal function in hamsters: evidence from cecal and fecal indicators. 24774071 6 34 theme acid 1265:1268 arg1 acid 1265:1268 short-chain fatty acid 1247:1268 short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content 1247:1289 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 6 34 theme acid 1265:1268 arg1 spp 1346:1348 Lactobacillus spp 1332:1348 Lactobacillus spp 1332:1348 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 6 34 theme acid 1265:1268 arg1 spp 1370:1372 Bifidobacterium spp 1354:1372 Bifidobacterium spp 1354:1372 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 6 34 theme acid 1265:1268 arg1 amounts 1236:1242 the total amounts 1226:1242 the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp 1226:1372 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 6 34 theme acid 1265:1268 arg1 growth 1299:1304 the growth 1295:1304 the growth of gut microflora 1295:1322 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 0 35 dep improves 56:63 arg1 evidence 98:105 evidence 98:105 evidence from cecal and fecal indicators 98:137 Water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction from pineapple peel improves intestinal function in hamsters: evidence from cecal and fecal indicators. 24774071 2 36 theme WIFF 437:440 arg1 polysaccharides 403:417 the major polysaccharides 393:417 the major polysaccharides of pineapple-peel WIFF 393:440 Our previous work has demonstrated that cellulose, hemicellulose (xylan and xyloglucan), and pectic substances are the major polysaccharides of pineapple-peel WIFF. 24774071 2 36 theme WIFF 437:440 arg1 hemicellulose 329:341 hemicellulose 329:341 hemicellulose (xylan and xyloglucan) 329:364 Our previous work has demonstrated that cellulose, hemicellulose (xylan and xyloglucan), and pectic substances are the major polysaccharides of pineapple-peel WIFF. 24774071 2 36 theme WIFF 437:440 arg1 cellulose 318:326 cellulose 318:326 cellulose 318:326 Our previous work has demonstrated that cellulose, hemicellulose (xylan and xyloglucan), and pectic substances are the major polysaccharides of pineapple-peel WIFF. 24774071 2 36 theme WIFF 437:440 arg1 substances 378:387 pectic substances 371:387 pectic substances 371:387 Our previous work has demonstrated that cellulose, hemicellulose (xylan and xyloglucan), and pectic substances are the major polysaccharides of pineapple-peel WIFF. 24774071 3 37 theme chemical 456:463 arg1 composition 465:475 its chemical composition 452:475 its chemical composition 452:475 Based on its chemical composition and unique characteristics, we hypothesized that daily consumption of WIFF would improve intestinal function in hamsters. 24774071 6 38 theme short-chain 1247:1257 arg1 acid 1265:1268 short-chain fatty acid 1247:1268 short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content 1247:1289 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 6 39 theme % 1002:1002 arg1 level 990:994 a level 988:994 a level of 2.5% 988:1002 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 5 40 from indicators 870:879 arg1 cecal 888:892 cecal 888:892 cecal 888:892 Activities of fecal bacterial enzymes, short-chain fatty acid concentrations, and microbial number in the cecal content, and also biochemical indicators in the cecal and feces of hamsters, were evaluated in all groups. 24774071 5 40 from indicators 870:879 arg1 feces 898:902 feces 898:902 feces 898:902 Activities of fecal bacterial enzymes, short-chain fatty acid concentrations, and microbial number in the cecal content, and also biochemical indicators in the cecal and feces of hamsters, were evaluated in all groups. 24774071 5 40 from indicators 870:879 arg1 content 840:846 the cecal content 830:846 the cecal content 830:846 Activities of fecal bacterial enzymes, short-chain fatty acid concentrations, and microbial number in the cecal content, and also biochemical indicators in the cecal and feces of hamsters, were evaluated in all groups. 24774071 1 41 theme water-insoluble 220:234 arg1 fraction 247:254 water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction 220:254 water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction (WIFF) (~42%, wt/wt) 220:275 Pineapple peel, a byproduct of agricultural processing, contains high levels of water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction (WIFF) (~42%, wt/wt). 24774071 1 41 theme water-insoluble 220:234 arg1 wt/wt 270:274 ~42%, wt/wt 264:274 wt/wt 270:274 Pineapple peel, a byproduct of agricultural processing, contains high levels of water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction (WIFF) (~42%, wt/wt). 24774071 1 41 theme water-insoluble 220:234 arg1 WIFF 257:260 WIFF 257:260 WIFF 257:260 Pineapple peel, a byproduct of agricultural processing, contains high levels of water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction (WIFF) (~42%, wt/wt). 24774071 1 42 contain contains 196:203 arg2 levels 210:215 high levels 205:215 high levels of water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction (WIFF) (~42%, wt/wt) 205:275 Pineapple peel, a byproduct of agricultural processing, contains high levels of water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction (WIFF) (~42%, wt/wt). 24774071 1 42 contain contains 196:203 arg1 peel 150:153 Pineapple peel 140:153 Pineapple peel 140:153 Pineapple peel, a byproduct of agricultural processing, contains high levels of water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction (WIFF) (~42%, wt/wt). 24774071 1 42 contain contains 196:203 arg1 byproduct 158:166 a byproduct 156:166 a byproduct of agricultural processing 156:193 Pineapple peel, a byproduct of agricultural processing, contains high levels of water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction (WIFF) (~42%, wt/wt). 24774071 6 43 dep significantly 1004:1016 arg1 < 1021:1021 P < .05 1019:1025 P < .05 1019:1025 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 6 44 theme microflora 1313:1322 arg1 acid 1265:1268 short-chain fatty acid 1247:1268 short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content 1247:1289 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 6 44 theme microflora 1313:1322 arg1 growth 1299:1304 the growth 1295:1304 the growth of gut microflora 1295:1322 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 1 45 theme fraction 247:254 arg1 levels 210:215 high levels 205:215 high levels of water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction (WIFF) (~42%, wt/wt) 205:275 Pineapple peel, a byproduct of agricultural processing, contains high levels of water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction (WIFF) (~42%, wt/wt). 24774071 6 46 theme fatty 1259:1263 arg1 acid 1265:1268 short-chain fatty acid 1247:1268 short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content 1247:1289 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 4 47 theme Male 599:602 arg1 hamsters 618:625 Male Golden Syrian hamsters 599:625 Male Golden Syrian hamsters 599:625 Male Golden Syrian hamsters were fed a diet supplemented with either 5% cellulose or various amounts of WIFF (2.5%, 5%, or 10%). 24774071 5 48 theme fatty 779:783 arg1 acid 785:788 short-chain fatty acid 767:788 short-chain fatty acid concentrations 767:803 Activities of fecal bacterial enzymes, short-chain fatty acid concentrations, and microbial number in the cecal content, and also biochemical indicators in the cecal and feces of hamsters, were evaluated in all groups. 24774071 3 49 theme WIFF 547:550 arg1 consumption 532:542 daily consumption 526:542 daily consumption of WIFF 526:550 Based on its chemical composition and unique characteristics, we hypothesized that daily consumption of WIFF would improve intestinal function in hamsters. 24774071 8 50 theme promising 1568:1576 arg1 candidate 1578:1586 a promising candidate 1566:1586 a promising candidate for a functional ingredient beneficial to human intestinal function and health 1566:1665 Therefore, pineapple-peel WIFF could be a promising candidate for a functional ingredient beneficial to human intestinal function and health. 24774071 8 50 theme promising 1568:1576 arg1 WIFF 1552:1555 pineapple-peel WIFF 1537:1555 pineapple-peel WIFF 1537:1555 Therefore, pineapple-peel WIFF could be a promising candidate for a functional ingredient beneficial to human intestinal function and health. 24774071 1 51 theme processing 184:193 arg1 peel 150:153 Pineapple peel 140:153 Pineapple peel 140:153 Pineapple peel, a byproduct of agricultural processing, contains high levels of water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction (WIFF) (~42%, wt/wt). 24774071 1 51 theme processing 184:193 arg1 byproduct 158:166 a byproduct 156:166 a byproduct of agricultural processing 156:193 Pineapple peel, a byproduct of agricultural processing, contains high levels of water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction (WIFF) (~42%, wt/wt). 24774071 5 52 theme bacterial 748:756 arg1 enzymes 758:764 fecal bacterial enzymes 742:764 fecal bacterial enzymes 742:764 Activities of fecal bacterial enzymes, short-chain fatty acid concentrations, and microbial number in the cecal content, and also biochemical indicators in the cecal and feces of hamsters, were evaluated in all groups. 24774071 7 53 theme toxic 1475:1479 arg1 compounds 1481:1489 the toxic compounds 1471:1489 the toxic compounds excreted by intestinal microflora 1471:1523 These results indicate that WIFF could improve cecal ecosystem function of hamsters by reducing the toxic compounds excreted by intestinal microflora. 24774071 4 54 theme Syrian 611:616 arg1 hamsters 618:625 Male Golden Syrian hamsters 599:625 Male Golden Syrian hamsters 599:625 Male Golden Syrian hamsters were fed a diet supplemented with either 5% cellulose or various amounts of WIFF (2.5%, 5%, or 10%). 24774071 8 55 theme functional 1594:1603 arg1 ingredient 1605:1614 a functional ingredient 1592:1614 a functional ingredient beneficial to human intestinal function and health 1592:1665 Therefore, pineapple-peel WIFF could be a promising candidate for a functional ingredient beneficial to human intestinal function and health. 24774071 6 56 theme gastrointestinal 1084:1099 arg1 time 1109:1112 the gastrointestinal transit time 1080:1112 the gastrointestinal transit time 1080:1112 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 6 57 from content 1283:1289 arg1 acid 1265:1268 short-chain fatty acid 1247:1268 short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content 1247:1289 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 6 57 from content 1283:1289 arg1 spp 1346:1348 Lactobacillus spp 1332:1348 Lactobacillus spp 1332:1348 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 6 57 from content 1283:1289 arg1 spp 1370:1372 Bifidobacterium spp 1354:1372 Bifidobacterium spp 1354:1372 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 6 57 from content 1283:1289 arg1 amounts 1236:1242 the total amounts 1226:1242 the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp 1226:1372 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 6 57 from content 1283:1289 arg1 growth 1299:1304 the growth 1295:1304 the growth of gut microflora 1295:1322 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 8 58 theme beneficial 1616:1625 arg1 ingredient 1605:1614 a functional ingredient 1592:1614 a functional ingredient beneficial to human intestinal function and health 1592:1665 Therefore, pineapple-peel WIFF could be a promising candidate for a functional ingredient beneficial to human intestinal function and health. 24774071 7 59 theme hamsters 1450:1457 arg1 function 1438:1445 cecal ecosystem function 1422:1445 cecal ecosystem function of hamsters 1422:1457 These results indicate that WIFF could improve cecal ecosystem function of hamsters by reducing the toxic compounds excreted by intestinal microflora. 24774071 8 60 theme human 1630:1634 arg1 function 1647:1654 human intestinal function 1630:1654 human intestinal function 1630:1654 Therefore, pineapple-peel WIFF could be a promising candidate for a functional ingredient beneficial to human intestinal function and health. 24774071 6 61 from acid 1265:1268 arg1 content 1283:1289 the cecal content 1273:1289 the cecal content 1273:1289 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 7 62 theme cecal 1422:1426 arg1 function 1438:1445 cecal ecosystem function 1422:1445 cecal ecosystem function of hamsters 1422:1457 These results indicate that WIFF could improve cecal ecosystem function of hamsters by reducing the toxic compounds excreted by intestinal microflora. 24774071 6 63 theme fecal 1048:1052 arg1 output 1062:1067 the daily fecal ammonia output 1038:1067 the daily fecal ammonia output 1038:1067 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 6 64 theme total 1230:1234 arg1 acid 1265:1268 short-chain fatty acid 1247:1268 short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content 1247:1289 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 6 64 theme total 1230:1234 arg1 spp 1346:1348 Lactobacillus spp 1332:1348 Lactobacillus spp 1332:1348 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 6 64 theme total 1230:1234 arg1 spp 1370:1372 Bifidobacterium spp 1354:1372 Bifidobacterium spp 1354:1372 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 6 64 theme total 1230:1234 arg1 amounts 1236:1242 the total amounts 1226:1242 the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp 1226:1372 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 6 64 theme total 1230:1234 arg1 growth 1299:1304 the growth 1295:1304 the growth of gut microflora 1295:1322 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 4 65 theme % 669:669 arg1 cellulose 671:679 5% cellulose 668:679 5% cellulose 668:679 Male Golden Syrian hamsters were fed a diet supplemented with either 5% cellulose or various amounts of WIFF (2.5%, 5%, or 10%). 24774071 6 66 from amounts 1236:1242 arg1 content 1283:1289 the cecal content 1273:1289 the cecal content 1273:1289 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 1 67 theme high 205:208 arg1 levels 210:215 high levels 205:215 high levels of water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction (WIFF) (~42%, wt/wt) 205:275 Pineapple peel, a byproduct of agricultural processing, contains high levels of water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction (WIFF) (~42%, wt/wt). 24774071 0 68 from peel 51:54 arg1 fraction 27:34 Water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction 0:34 Water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction from pineapple peel 0:54 Water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction from pineapple peel improves intestinal function in hamsters: evidence from cecal and fecal indicators. 24774071 0 69 theme fiber-rich 16:25 arg1 fraction 27:34 Water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction 0:34 Water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction from pineapple peel 0:54 Water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction from pineapple peel improves intestinal function in hamsters: evidence from cecal and fecal indicators. 24774071 5 70 from Activities 728:737 arg1 cecal 888:892 cecal 888:892 cecal 888:892 Activities of fecal bacterial enzymes, short-chain fatty acid concentrations, and microbial number in the cecal content, and also biochemical indicators in the cecal and feces of hamsters, were evaluated in all groups. 24774071 5 70 from Activities 728:737 arg1 feces 898:902 feces 898:902 feces 898:902 Activities of fecal bacterial enzymes, short-chain fatty acid concentrations, and microbial number in the cecal content, and also biochemical indicators in the cecal and feces of hamsters, were evaluated in all groups. 24774071 5 70 from Activities 728:737 arg1 content 840:846 the cecal content 830:846 the cecal content 830:846 Activities of fecal bacterial enzymes, short-chain fatty acid concentrations, and microbial number in the cecal content, and also biochemical indicators in the cecal and feces of hamsters, were evaluated in all groups. 24774071 6 71 theme WIFF 970:973 arg1 supplementation 951:965 The supplementation 947:965 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% 947:1002 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 4 72 theme WIFF 703:706 arg1 WIFF 703:706 WIFF 703:706 WIFF (2.5%, 5%, or 10%) 703:725 Male Golden Syrian hamsters were fed a diet supplemented with either 5% cellulose or various amounts of WIFF (2.5%, 5%, or 10%). 24774071 4 72 theme WIFF 703:706 arg1 cellulose 671:679 5% cellulose 668:679 5% cellulose 668:679 Male Golden Syrian hamsters were fed a diet supplemented with either 5% cellulose or various amounts of WIFF (2.5%, 5%, or 10%). 24774071 4 72 theme WIFF 703:706 arg1 amounts 692:698 various amounts 684:698 various amounts of WIFF (2.5%, 5%, or 10%) 684:725 Male Golden Syrian hamsters were fed a diet supplemented with either 5% cellulose or various amounts of WIFF (2.5%, 5%, or 10%). 24774071 6 73 theme cecal 1277:1281 arg1 content 1283:1289 the cecal content 1273:1289 the cecal content 1273:1289 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 5 74 theme biochemical 858:868 arg1 indicators 870:879 biochemical indicators 858:879 biochemical indicators in the cecal and feces of hamsters 858:914 Activities of fecal bacterial enzymes, short-chain fatty acid concentrations, and microbial number in the cecal content, and also biochemical indicators in the cecal and feces of hamsters, were evaluated in all groups. 24774071 3 75 from function 577:584 arg1 hamsters 589:596 hamsters 589:596 hamsters 589:596 Based on its chemical composition and unique characteristics, we hypothesized that daily consumption of WIFF would improve intestinal function in hamsters. 24774071 5 76 theme acid 785:788 arg1 concentrations 790:803 short-chain fatty acid concentrations 767:803 short-chain fatty acid concentrations 767:803 Activities of fecal bacterial enzymes, short-chain fatty acid concentrations, and microbial number in the cecal content, and also biochemical indicators in the cecal and feces of hamsters, were evaluated in all groups. 24774071 4 77 theme Golden 604:609 arg1 hamsters 618:625 Male Golden Syrian hamsters 599:625 Male Golden Syrian hamsters 599:625 Male Golden Syrian hamsters were fed a diet supplemented with either 5% cellulose or various amounts of WIFF (2.5%, 5%, or 10%). 24774071 0 78 theme intestinal 65:74 arg1 function 76:83 intestinal function 65:83 intestinal function in hamsters 65:95 Water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction from pineapple peel improves intestinal function in hamsters: evidence from cecal and fecal indicators. 24774071 2 79 theme pineapple-peel 422:435 arg1 WIFF 437:440 pineapple-peel WIFF 422:440 pineapple-peel WIFF 422:440 Our previous work has demonstrated that cellulose, hemicellulose (xylan and xyloglucan), and pectic substances are the major polysaccharides of pineapple-peel WIFF. 24774071 6 80 from growth 1299:1304 arg1 content 1283:1289 the cecal content 1273:1289 the cecal content 1273:1289 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 1 81 theme fiber-rich 236:245 arg1 fraction 247:254 water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction 220:254 water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction (WIFF) (~42%, wt/wt) 220:275 Pineapple peel, a byproduct of agricultural processing, contains high levels of water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction (WIFF) (~42%, wt/wt). 24774071 1 81 theme fiber-rich 236:245 arg1 wt/wt 270:274 ~42%, wt/wt 264:274 wt/wt 270:274 Pineapple peel, a byproduct of agricultural processing, contains high levels of water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction (WIFF) (~42%, wt/wt). 24774071 1 81 theme fiber-rich 236:245 arg1 WIFF 257:260 WIFF 257:260 WIFF 257:260 Pineapple peel, a byproduct of agricultural processing, contains high levels of water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction (WIFF) (~42%, wt/wt). 24774071 5 82 theme hamsters 907:914 arg1 cecal 888:892 cecal 888:892 cecal 888:892 Activities of fecal bacterial enzymes, short-chain fatty acid concentrations, and microbial number in the cecal content, and also biochemical indicators in the cecal and feces of hamsters, were evaluated in all groups. 24774071 8 83 theme pineapple-peel 1537:1550 arg1 candidate 1578:1586 a promising candidate 1566:1586 a promising candidate for a functional ingredient beneficial to human intestinal function and health 1566:1665 Therefore, pineapple-peel WIFF could be a promising candidate for a functional ingredient beneficial to human intestinal function and health. 24774071 8 83 theme pineapple-peel 1537:1550 arg1 WIFF 1552:1555 pineapple-peel WIFF 1537:1555 pineapple-peel WIFF 1537:1555 Therefore, pineapple-peel WIFF could be a promising candidate for a functional ingredient beneficial to human intestinal function and health. 24774071 0 84 from indicators 128:137 arg1 evidence 98:105 evidence 98:105 evidence from cecal and fecal indicators 98:137 Water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction from pineapple peel improves intestinal function in hamsters: evidence from cecal and fecal indicators. 24774071 6 85 from level 990:994 arg1 diet 980:983 a diet 978:983 a diet at a level of 2.5% 978:1002 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 6 85 from level 990:994 arg1 supplementation 951:965 The supplementation 947:965 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% 947:1002 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 24774071 6 86 theme gut 1309:1311 arg1 microflora 1313:1322 gut microflora 1309:1322 gut microflora 1309:1322 The supplementation of WIFF in a diet at a level of 2.5% significantly (P < .05) decreased the daily fecal ammonia output; shortened the gastrointestinal transit time; reduced the activities of β-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease in feces; and also enhanced the total amounts of short-chain fatty acid in the cecal content and the growth of gut microflora such as Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. 26210036 5 0 theme cellulose 720:728 arg1 size 739:742 cellulose particle size 720:742 cellulose particle size 720:742 The carboxymethylation reaction was optimized as to the NaOH concentration, MCA concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time and cellulose particle size. 26210036 8 1 theme mol/L 1075:1079 arg1 concentration 1086:1098 7.5 mol/L; MCA concentration 1071:1098 7.5 mol/L; MCA concentration 1071:1098 The CMC product had an optimized DS of 2.41 and the optimal conditions for carboxymethylation were NaOH concentration, 7.5 mol/L; MCA concentration, 12 mol/L; reaction temperature, 55 °C; reaction time, 3.5 h and cellulose particle size, 74 μm. 26210036 7 2 theme CMC 925:927 arg1 crystallinity 904:916 the crystallinity 900:916 the crystallinity of the CMC 900:927 The produced CMC was identified by FTIR and the crystallinity of the CMC was determined by XRD. 26210036 5 3 theme reaction 702:709 arg1 time 711:714 reaction time 702:714 reaction time 702:714 The carboxymethylation reaction was optimized as to the NaOH concentration, MCA concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time and cellulose particle size. 26210036 9 4 theme g/g 1290:1292 arg1 yield 1278:1282 higher yield 1271:1282 higher yield 1271:1282 These optimization factors allowed to prepare highly substituted CMC with higher yield, 2.40 g/g, providing plenty of opportunities for its many applications. 26210036 3 5 theme cellulose 292:300 arg1 composition 258:268 The chemical composition 245:268 The chemical composition of corn husk, such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, fatty and waxy matter, pectic matter and aqueous extract 245:382 The chemical composition of corn husk, such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, fatty and waxy matter, pectic matter and aqueous extract was determined. 26210036 8 6 theme CMC 956:958 arg1 product 960:966 The CMC product 952:966 The CMC product 952:966 The CMC product had an optimized DS of 2.41 and the optimal conditions for carboxymethylation were NaOH concentration, 7.5 mol/L; MCA concentration, 12 mol/L; reaction temperature, 55 °C; reaction time, 3.5 h and cellulose particle size, 74 μm. 26210036 5 7 theme reaction 680:687 arg1 temperature 689:699 reaction temperature 680:699 reaction temperature 680:699 The carboxymethylation reaction was optimized as to the NaOH concentration, MCA concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time and cellulose particle size. 26210036 4 8 theme ethanolic 535:543 arg1 medium 545:550 aqueous ethanolic medium 527:550 aqueous ethanolic medium 527:550 The cellulose extracted from corn husk was carboxymethylated using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and monochloroacetic acid (MCA), in aqueous ethanolic medium, under heterogeneous conditions. 26210036 3 9 theme fatty 327:331 arg1 composition 258:268 The chemical composition 245:268 The chemical composition of corn husk, such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, fatty and waxy matter, pectic matter and aqueous extract 245:382 The chemical composition of corn husk, such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, fatty and waxy matter, pectic matter and aqueous extract was determined. 26210036 6 10 theme substitution 759:770 arg1 degree 749:754 The degree 745:754 The degree of substitution (DS) 745:775 The degree of substitution (DS) was determined with respect to the reaction conditions using chemical methods. 26210036 9 11 theme substituted 1250:1260 arg1 CMC 1262:1264 highly substituted CMC 1243:1264 highly substituted CMC 1243:1264 These optimization factors allowed to prepare highly substituted CMC with higher yield, 2.40 g/g, providing plenty of opportunities for its many applications. 26210036 4 12 theme aqueous 527:533 arg1 medium 545:550 aqueous ethanolic medium 527:550 aqueous ethanolic medium 527:550 The cellulose extracted from corn husk was carboxymethylated using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and monochloroacetic acid (MCA), in aqueous ethanolic medium, under heterogeneous conditions. 26210036 2 13 theme great 146:150 arg1 source 185:190 a cellulose source 173:190 a cellulose source for the production of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 173:242 It has great potential for use as a cellulose source for the production of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). 26210036 2 13 theme great 146:150 arg1 potential 152:160 great potential 146:160 great potential for use 146:168 It has great potential for use as a cellulose source for the production of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). 26210036 8 14 theme reaction 1140:1147 arg1 time 1149:1152 55 °C; reaction time 1133:1152 55 °C; reaction time 1133:1152 The CMC product had an optimized DS of 2.41 and the optimal conditions for carboxymethylation were NaOH concentration, 7.5 mol/L; MCA concentration, 12 mol/L; reaction temperature, 55 °C; reaction time, 3.5 h and cellulose particle size, 74 μm. 26210036 3 15 theme lignin 319:324 arg1 composition 258:268 The chemical composition 245:268 The chemical composition of corn husk, such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, fatty and waxy matter, pectic matter and aqueous extract 245:382 The chemical composition of corn husk, such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, fatty and waxy matter, pectic matter and aqueous extract was determined. 26210036 8 16 theme optimized 975:983 arg1 DS 985:986 an optimized DS 972:986 an optimized DS of 2.41 972:994 The CMC product had an optimized DS of 2.41 and the optimal conditions for carboxymethylation were NaOH concentration, 7.5 mol/L; MCA concentration, 12 mol/L; reaction temperature, 55 °C; reaction time, 3.5 h and cellulose particle size, 74 μm. 26210036 9 17 theme opportunities 1315:1327 arg1 plenty 1305:1310 plenty 1305:1310 plenty of opportunities for its many applications 1305:1353 These optimization factors allowed to prepare highly substituted CMC with higher yield, 2.40 g/g, providing plenty of opportunities for its many applications. 26210036 3 18 theme matter 342:347 arg1 composition 258:268 The chemical composition 245:268 The chemical composition of corn husk, such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, fatty and waxy matter, pectic matter and aqueous extract 245:382 The chemical composition of corn husk, such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, fatty and waxy matter, pectic matter and aqueous extract was determined. 26210036 5 19 theme particle 730:737 arg1 size 739:742 cellulose particle size 720:742 cellulose particle size 720:742 The carboxymethylation reaction was optimized as to the NaOH concentration, MCA concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time and cellulose particle size. 26210036 6 20 theme chemical 838:845 arg1 methods 847:853 chemical methods 838:853 chemical methods 838:853 The degree of substitution (DS) was determined with respect to the reaction conditions using chemical methods. 26210036 1 21 theme Corn 94:97 arg1 waste 132:136 an abundant agricultural waste 107:136 an abundant agricultural waste 107:136 Corn husk is an abundant agricultural waste. 26210036 1 21 theme Corn 94:97 arg1 husk 99:102 Corn husk 94:102 Corn husk 94:102 Corn husk is an abundant agricultural waste. 26210036 4 22 theme corn 429:432 arg1 husk 434:437 corn husk 429:437 corn husk 429:437 The cellulose extracted from corn husk was carboxymethylated using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and monochloroacetic acid (MCA), in aqueous ethanolic medium, under heterogeneous conditions. 26210036 9 23 theme optimization 1203:1214 arg1 factors 1216:1222 These optimization factors 1197:1222 These optimization factors 1197:1222 These optimization factors allowed to prepare highly substituted CMC with higher yield, 2.40 g/g, providing plenty of opportunities for its many applications. 26210036 5 24 theme carboxymethylation 589:606 arg1 reaction 608:615 The carboxymethylation reaction 585:615 The carboxymethylation reaction 585:615 The carboxymethylation reaction was optimized as to the NaOH concentration, MCA concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time and cellulose particle size. 26210036 0 25 theme substituted 20:30 arg1 cellulose 46:54 highly substituted carboxymethyl cellulose 13:54 highly substituted carboxymethyl cellulose 13:54 Synthesis of highly substituted carboxymethyl cellulose depending on cellulose particle size. 26210036 8 26 theme reaction 1111:1118 arg1 temperature 1120:1130 12 mol/L; reaction temperature 1101:1130 12 mol/L; reaction temperature 1101:1130 The CMC product had an optimized DS of 2.41 and the optimal conditions for carboxymethylation were NaOH concentration, 7.5 mol/L; MCA concentration, 12 mol/L; reaction temperature, 55 °C; reaction time, 3.5 h and cellulose particle size, 74 μm. 26210036 8 27 contain had 968:970 arg2 DS 985:986 an optimized DS 972:986 an optimized DS of 2.41 972:994 The CMC product had an optimized DS of 2.41 and the optimal conditions for carboxymethylation were NaOH concentration, 7.5 mol/L; MCA concentration, 12 mol/L; reaction temperature, 55 °C; reaction time, 3.5 h and cellulose particle size, 74 μm. 26210036 8 27 contain had 968:970 arg1 product 960:966 The CMC product 952:966 The CMC product 952:966 The CMC product had an optimized DS of 2.41 and the optimal conditions for carboxymethylation were NaOH concentration, 7.5 mol/L; MCA concentration, 12 mol/L; reaction temperature, 55 °C; reaction time, 3.5 h and cellulose particle size, 74 μm. 26210036 3 28 theme waxy 337:340 arg1 matter 342:347 waxy matter 337:347 waxy matter 337:347 The chemical composition of corn husk, such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, fatty and waxy matter, pectic matter and aqueous extract was determined. 26210036 5 29 theme MCA 661:663 arg1 concentration 665:677 MCA concentration 661:677 MCA concentration 661:677 The carboxymethylation reaction was optimized as to the NaOH concentration, MCA concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time and cellulose particle size. 26210036 6 30 theme reaction 812:819 arg1 conditions 821:830 the reaction conditions 808:830 the reaction conditions using chemical methods 808:853 The degree of substitution (DS) was determined with respect to the reaction conditions using chemical methods. 26210036 0 31 theme cellulose 46:54 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis of highly substituted carboxymethyl cellulose 0:54 Synthesis of highly substituted carboxymethyl cellulose depending on cellulose particle size. 26210036 8 32 theme particle 1175:1182 arg1 size 1184:1187 cellulose particle size 1165:1187 cellulose particle size 1165:1187 The CMC product had an optimized DS of 2.41 and the optimal conditions for carboxymethylation were NaOH concentration, 7.5 mol/L; MCA concentration, 12 mol/L; reaction temperature, 55 °C; reaction time, 3.5 h and cellulose particle size, 74 μm. 26210036 2 33 theme cellulose 228:236 arg1 production 200:209 the production 196:209 the production of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 196:242 It has great potential for use as a cellulose source for the production of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). 26210036 8 34 theme cellulose 1165:1173 arg1 size 1184:1187 cellulose particle size 1165:1187 cellulose particle size 1165:1187 The CMC product had an optimized DS of 2.41 and the optimal conditions for carboxymethylation were NaOH concentration, 7.5 mol/L; MCA concentration, 12 mol/L; reaction temperature, 55 °C; reaction time, 3.5 h and cellulose particle size, 74 μm. 26210036 0 35 theme carboxymethyl 32:44 arg1 cellulose 46:54 highly substituted carboxymethyl cellulose 13:54 highly substituted carboxymethyl cellulose 13:54 Synthesis of highly substituted carboxymethyl cellulose depending on cellulose particle size. 26210036 3 36 theme chemical 249:256 arg1 composition 258:268 The chemical composition 245:268 The chemical composition of corn husk, such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, fatty and waxy matter, pectic matter and aqueous extract 245:382 The chemical composition of corn husk, such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, fatty and waxy matter, pectic matter and aqueous extract was determined. 26210036 2 37 theme carboxymethyl 214:226 arg1 CMC 239:241 CMC 239:241 CMC 239:241 It has great potential for use as a cellulose source for the production of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). 26210036 2 37 theme carboxymethyl 214:226 arg1 cellulose 228:236 carboxymethyl cellulose 214:236 carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 214:242 It has great potential for use as a cellulose source for the production of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). 26210036 3 38 dep such 284:287 arg1 as 289:290 as 289:290 as 289:290 The chemical composition of corn husk, such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, fatty and waxy matter, pectic matter and aqueous extract was determined. 26210036 3 39 theme pectic 350:355 arg1 matter 357:362 pectic matter 350:362 pectic matter 350:362 The chemical composition of corn husk, such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, fatty and waxy matter, pectic matter and aqueous extract was determined. 26210036 8 40 theme MCA 1082:1084 arg1 concentration 1086:1098 7.5 mol/L; MCA concentration 1071:1098 7.5 mol/L; MCA concentration 1071:1098 The CMC product had an optimized DS of 2.41 and the optimal conditions for carboxymethylation were NaOH concentration, 7.5 mol/L; MCA concentration, 12 mol/L; reaction temperature, 55 °C; reaction time, 3.5 h and cellulose particle size, 74 μm. 26210036 0 41 theme cellulose 69:77 arg1 size 88:91 cellulose particle size 69:91 cellulose particle size 69:91 Synthesis of highly substituted carboxymethyl cellulose depending on cellulose particle size. 26210036 5 42 theme NaOH 641:644 arg1 concentration 646:658 the NaOH concentration 637:658 the NaOH concentration 637:658 The carboxymethylation reaction was optimized as to the NaOH concentration, MCA concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time and cellulose particle size. 26210036 1 43 theme abundant 110:117 arg1 waste 132:136 an abundant agricultural waste 107:136 an abundant agricultural waste 107:136 Corn husk is an abundant agricultural waste. 26210036 1 43 theme abundant 110:117 arg1 husk 99:102 Corn husk 94:102 Corn husk 94:102 Corn husk is an abundant agricultural waste. 26210036 8 44 theme optimal 1004:1010 arg1 concentration 1056:1068 NaOH concentration 1051:1068 NaOH concentration 1051:1068 The CMC product had an optimized DS of 2.41 and the optimal conditions for carboxymethylation were NaOH concentration, 7.5 mol/L; MCA concentration, 12 mol/L; reaction temperature, 55 °C; reaction time, 3.5 h and cellulose particle size, 74 μm. 26210036 8 44 theme optimal 1004:1010 arg1 conditions 1012:1021 the optimal conditions 1000:1021 the optimal conditions for carboxymethylation 1000:1044 The CMC product had an optimized DS of 2.41 and the optimal conditions for carboxymethylation were NaOH concentration, 7.5 mol/L; MCA concentration, 12 mol/L; reaction temperature, 55 °C; reaction time, 3.5 h and cellulose particle size, 74 μm. 26210036 4 45 theme monochloroacetic 495:510 arg1 MCA 518:520 MCA 518:520 MCA 518:520 The cellulose extracted from corn husk was carboxymethylated using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and monochloroacetic acid (MCA), in aqueous ethanolic medium, under heterogeneous conditions. 26210036 4 45 theme monochloroacetic 495:510 arg1 acid 512:515 monochloroacetic acid 495:515 monochloroacetic acid (MCA) 495:521 The cellulose extracted from corn husk was carboxymethylated using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and monochloroacetic acid (MCA), in aqueous ethanolic medium, under heterogeneous conditions. 26210036 4 46 theme sodium 467:472 arg1 NaOH 485:488 NaOH 485:488 NaOH 485:488 The cellulose extracted from corn husk was carboxymethylated using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and monochloroacetic acid (MCA), in aqueous ethanolic medium, under heterogeneous conditions. 26210036 4 46 theme sodium 467:472 arg1 hydroxide 474:482 sodium hydroxide 467:482 sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 467:489 The cellulose extracted from corn husk was carboxymethylated using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and monochloroacetic acid (MCA), in aqueous ethanolic medium, under heterogeneous conditions. 26210036 1 47 theme agricultural 119:130 arg1 waste 132:136 an abundant agricultural waste 107:136 an abundant agricultural waste 107:136 Corn husk is an abundant agricultural waste. 26210036 1 47 theme agricultural 119:130 arg1 husk 99:102 Corn husk 94:102 Corn husk 94:102 Corn husk is an abundant agricultural waste. 26210036 7 48 theme produced 860:867 arg1 CMC 869:871 The produced CMC 856:871 The produced CMC 856:871 The produced CMC was identified by FTIR and the crystallinity of the CMC was determined by XRD. 26210036 8 49 theme mol/L 1104:1108 arg1 temperature 1120:1130 12 mol/L; reaction temperature 1101:1130 12 mol/L; reaction temperature 1101:1130 The CMC product had an optimized DS of 2.41 and the optimal conditions for carboxymethylation were NaOH concentration, 7.5 mol/L; MCA concentration, 12 mol/L; reaction temperature, 55 °C; reaction time, 3.5 h and cellulose particle size, 74 μm. 26210036 3 50 theme corn 273:276 arg1 husk 278:281 corn husk 273:281 corn husk 273:281 The chemical composition of corn husk, such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, fatty and waxy matter, pectic matter and aqueous extract was determined. 26210036 9 51 theme higher 1271:1276 arg1 yield 1278:1282 higher yield 1271:1282 higher yield 1271:1282 These optimization factors allowed to prepare highly substituted CMC with higher yield, 2.40 g/g, providing plenty of opportunities for its many applications. 26210036 3 52 theme husk 278:281 arg1 composition 258:268 The chemical composition 245:268 The chemical composition of corn husk, such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, fatty and waxy matter, pectic matter and aqueous extract 245:382 The chemical composition of corn husk, such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, fatty and waxy matter, pectic matter and aqueous extract was determined. 26210036 8 53 theme NaOH 1051:1054 arg1 concentration 1056:1068 NaOH concentration 1051:1068 NaOH concentration 1051:1068 The CMC product had an optimized DS of 2.41 and the optimal conditions for carboxymethylation were NaOH concentration, 7.5 mol/L; MCA concentration, 12 mol/L; reaction temperature, 55 °C; reaction time, 3.5 h and cellulose particle size, 74 μm. 26210036 8 53 theme NaOH 1051:1054 arg1 conditions 1012:1021 the optimal conditions 1000:1021 the optimal conditions for carboxymethylation 1000:1044 The CMC product had an optimized DS of 2.41 and the optimal conditions for carboxymethylation were NaOH concentration, 7.5 mol/L; MCA concentration, 12 mol/L; reaction temperature, 55 °C; reaction time, 3.5 h and cellulose particle size, 74 μm. 26210036 8 53 theme NaOH 1051:1054 arg1 μm 1193:1194 74 μm 1190:1194 74 μm 1190:1194 The CMC product had an optimized DS of 2.41 and the optimal conditions for carboxymethylation were NaOH concentration, 7.5 mol/L; MCA concentration, 12 mol/L; reaction temperature, 55 °C; reaction time, 3.5 h and cellulose particle size, 74 μm. 26210036 8 54 theme °C 1136:1137 arg1 time 1149:1152 55 °C; reaction time 1133:1152 55 °C; reaction time 1133:1152 The CMC product had an optimized DS of 2.41 and the optimal conditions for carboxymethylation were NaOH concentration, 7.5 mol/L; MCA concentration, 12 mol/L; reaction temperature, 55 °C; reaction time, 3.5 h and cellulose particle size, 74 μm. 26210036 0 55 theme particle 79:86 arg1 size 88:91 cellulose particle size 69:91 cellulose particle size 69:91 Synthesis of highly substituted carboxymethyl cellulose depending on cellulose particle size. 26210036 2 56 theme cellulose 175:183 arg1 source 185:190 a cellulose source 173:190 a cellulose source for the production of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 173:242 It has great potential for use as a cellulose source for the production of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). 26210036 2 56 theme cellulose 175:183 arg1 potential 152:160 great potential 146:160 great potential for use 146:168 It has great potential for use as a cellulose source for the production of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). 26210036 9 57 theme many 1337:1340 arg1 applications 1342:1353 its many applications 1333:1353 its many applications 1333:1353 These optimization factors allowed to prepare highly substituted CMC with higher yield, 2.40 g/g, providing plenty of opportunities for its many applications. 26210036 4 58 theme heterogeneous 559:571 arg1 conditions 573:582 heterogeneous conditions 559:582 heterogeneous conditions 559:582 The cellulose extracted from corn husk was carboxymethylated using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and monochloroacetic acid (MCA), in aqueous ethanolic medium, under heterogeneous conditions. 26210036 3 59 theme hemicelluloses 303:316 arg1 composition 258:268 The chemical composition 245:268 The chemical composition of corn husk, such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, fatty and waxy matter, pectic matter and aqueous extract 245:382 The chemical composition of corn husk, such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, fatty and waxy matter, pectic matter and aqueous extract was determined. 26210036 3 60 theme aqueous 368:374 arg1 extract 376:382 aqueous extract 368:382 aqueous extract 368:382 The chemical composition of corn husk, such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, fatty and waxy matter, pectic matter and aqueous extract was determined. 26210036 8 61 theme 2.41 991:994 arg1 DS 985:986 an optimized DS 972:986 an optimized DS of 2.41 972:994 The CMC product had an optimized DS of 2.41 and the optimal conditions for carboxymethylation were NaOH concentration, 7.5 mol/L; MCA concentration, 12 mol/L; reaction temperature, 55 °C; reaction time, 3.5 h and cellulose particle size, 74 μm. 26210036 2 62 contain has 142:144 arg2 potential 152:160 great potential 146:160 great potential for use 146:168 It has great potential for use as a cellulose source for the production of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). 26210036 2 62 contain has 142:144 arg2 source 185:190 a cellulose source 173:190 a cellulose source for the production of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 173:242 It has great potential for use as a cellulose source for the production of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). 26210036 2 62 contain has 142:144 arg1 It 139:140 It 139:140 It 139:140 It has great potential for use as a cellulose source for the production of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). 26210036 9 63 theme 2.40 1285:1288 arg1 g/g 1290:1292 g/g 1290:1292 g/g 1290:1292 These optimization factors allowed to prepare highly substituted CMC with higher yield, 2.40 g/g, providing plenty of opportunities for its many applications. 28947142 0 0 theme 3-O-glycosyl 100:111 arg1 saponins 113:120 usual 3-O-glycosyl saponins 94:120 usual 3-O-glycosyl saponins 94:120 Sterol-recognition ability and membrane-disrupting activity of Ornithogalum saponin OSW-1 and usual 3-O-glycosyl saponins. 28947142 3 1 theme OSW-1 544:548 arg1 activity 532:539 hemolytic activity 522:539 hemolytic activity 522:539 The membrane effects and hemolytic activity of OSW-1 were markedly enhanced in the presence of membrane cholesterol. 28947142 3 1 theme OSW-1 544:548 arg1 effects 510:516 membrane effects 501:516 membrane effects 501:516 The membrane effects and hemolytic activity of OSW-1 were markedly enhanced in the presence of membrane cholesterol. 28947142 0 2 theme usual 94:98 arg1 saponins 113:120 usual 3-O-glycosyl saponins 94:120 usual 3-O-glycosyl saponins 94:120 Sterol-recognition ability and membrane-disrupting activity of Ornithogalum saponin OSW-1 and usual 3-O-glycosyl saponins. 28947142 2 3 theme membrane-permeabilizing 369:391 arg1 activity 393:400 the membrane-permeabilizing activity 365:400 the membrane-permeabilizing activity of OSW-1 in comparison with those of other saponins 365:452 This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism for the membrane-permeabilizing activity of OSW-1 in comparison with those of other saponins by using various spectroscopic approaches. 28947142 4 4 theme affinity 622:629 arg1 measurements 631:642 Binding affinity measurements 614:642 Binding affinity measurements using fluorescent cholestatrienol 614:676 Binding affinity measurements using fluorescent cholestatrienol and solid-state NMR spectroscopy of a 3-d-cholesterol probe suggested that OSW-1 interacts with membrane cholesterol without forming large aggregates while 3-O-glycosyl saponin, digitonin, forms cholesterol-containing aggregates. 28947142 4 5 theme solid-state 682:692 arg1 spectroscopy 698:709 solid-state NMR spectroscopy 682:709 solid-state NMR spectroscopy of a 3-d-cholesterol probe 682:736 Binding affinity measurements using fluorescent cholestatrienol and solid-state NMR spectroscopy of a 3-d-cholesterol probe suggested that OSW-1 interacts with membrane cholesterol without forming large aggregates while 3-O-glycosyl saponin, digitonin, forms cholesterol-containing aggregates. 28947142 1 6 theme tumor 287:291 arg1 lines 298:302 tumor cell lines 287:302 tumor cell lines 287:302 OSW-1 is a structurally unique steroidal saponin isolated from the bulbs of Ornithogalum saundersiae, and has exhibited highly potent and selective cytotoxicity in tumor cell lines. 28947142 0 7 theme saponins 113:120 arg1 ability 19:25 Sterol-recognition ability 0:25 Sterol-recognition ability 0:25 Sterol-recognition ability and membrane-disrupting activity of Ornithogalum saponin OSW-1 and usual 3-O-glycosyl saponins. 28947142 0 7 theme saponins 113:120 arg1 activity 51:58 membrane-disrupting activity 31:58 membrane-disrupting activity 31:58 Sterol-recognition ability and membrane-disrupting activity of Ornithogalum saponin OSW-1 and usual 3-O-glycosyl saponins. 28947142 1 8 attach isolated 172:179 arg1 bulbs 190:194 the bulbs 186:194 the bulbs of Ornithogalum saundersiae 186:222 OSW-1 is a structurally unique steroidal saponin isolated from the bulbs of Ornithogalum saundersiae, and has exhibited highly potent and selective cytotoxicity in tumor cell lines. 28947142 1 8 attach isolated 172:179 arg2 OSW-1 123:127 OSW-1 123:127 OSW-1 123:127 OSW-1 is a structurally unique steroidal saponin isolated from the bulbs of Ornithogalum saundersiae, and has exhibited highly potent and selective cytotoxicity in tumor cell lines. 28947142 1 8 attach isolated 172:179 arg2 saponin 164:170 a structurally unique steroidal saponin 132:170 a structurally unique steroidal saponin isolated from the bulbs of Ornithogalum saundersiae 132:222 OSW-1 is a structurally unique steroidal saponin isolated from the bulbs of Ornithogalum saundersiae, and has exhibited highly potent and selective cytotoxicity in tumor cell lines. 28947142 1 9 theme cell 293:296 arg1 lines 298:302 tumor cell lines 287:302 tumor cell lines 287:302 OSW-1 is a structurally unique steroidal saponin isolated from the bulbs of Ornithogalum saundersiae, and has exhibited highly potent and selective cytotoxicity in tumor cell lines. 28947142 4 10 theme membrane 774:781 arg1 cholesterol 783:793 membrane cholesterol 774:793 membrane cholesterol 774:793 Binding affinity measurements using fluorescent cholestatrienol and solid-state NMR spectroscopy of a 3-d-cholesterol probe suggested that OSW-1 interacts with membrane cholesterol without forming large aggregates while 3-O-glycosyl saponin, digitonin, forms cholesterol-containing aggregates. 28947142 4 11 theme cholesterol-containing 873:894 arg1 aggregates 896:905 cholesterol-containing aggregates 873:905 cholesterol-containing aggregates 873:905 Binding affinity measurements using fluorescent cholestatrienol and solid-state NMR spectroscopy of a 3-d-cholesterol probe suggested that OSW-1 interacts with membrane cholesterol without forming large aggregates while 3-O-glycosyl saponin, digitonin, forms cholesterol-containing aggregates. 28947142 5 12 theme membrane 982:989 arg1 permeabilization 991:1006 membrane permeabilization 982:1006 membrane permeabilization 982:1006 The results suggest that OSW-1/cholesterol interaction is likely to cause membrane permeabilization and pore formation without destroying the whole membrane integrity, which could partly be responsible for its highly potent cell toxicity. 28947142 2 13 from activity 393:400 arg1 comparison 414:423 comparison 414:423 comparison with those of other saponins 414:452 This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism for the membrane-permeabilizing activity of OSW-1 in comparison with those of other saponins by using various spectroscopic approaches. 28947142 2 14 theme spectroscopic 471:483 arg1 approaches 485:494 various spectroscopic approaches 463:494 various spectroscopic approaches 463:494 This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism for the membrane-permeabilizing activity of OSW-1 in comparison with those of other saponins by using various spectroscopic approaches. 28947142 4 15 theme probe 732:736 arg1 spectroscopy 698:709 solid-state NMR spectroscopy 682:709 solid-state NMR spectroscopy of a 3-d-cholesterol probe 682:736 Binding affinity measurements using fluorescent cholestatrienol and solid-state NMR spectroscopy of a 3-d-cholesterol probe suggested that OSW-1 interacts with membrane cholesterol without forming large aggregates while 3-O-glycosyl saponin, digitonin, forms cholesterol-containing aggregates. 28947142 4 15 theme probe 732:736 arg1 measurements 631:642 Binding affinity measurements 614:642 Binding affinity measurements using fluorescent cholestatrienol 614:676 Binding affinity measurements using fluorescent cholestatrienol and solid-state NMR spectroscopy of a 3-d-cholesterol probe suggested that OSW-1 interacts with membrane cholesterol without forming large aggregates while 3-O-glycosyl saponin, digitonin, forms cholesterol-containing aggregates. 28947142 1 16 theme steroidal 154:162 arg1 OSW-1 123:127 OSW-1 123:127 OSW-1 123:127 OSW-1 is a structurally unique steroidal saponin isolated from the bulbs of Ornithogalum saundersiae, and has exhibited highly potent and selective cytotoxicity in tumor cell lines. 28947142 1 16 theme steroidal 154:162 arg1 saponin 164:170 a structurally unique steroidal saponin 132:170 a structurally unique steroidal saponin isolated from the bulbs of Ornithogalum saundersiae 132:222 OSW-1 is a structurally unique steroidal saponin isolated from the bulbs of Ornithogalum saundersiae, and has exhibited highly potent and selective cytotoxicity in tumor cell lines. 28947142 4 17 theme 3-O-glycosyl 834:845 arg1 saponin 847:853 3-O-glycosyl saponin 834:853 3-O-glycosyl saponin 834:853 Binding affinity measurements using fluorescent cholestatrienol and solid-state NMR spectroscopy of a 3-d-cholesterol probe suggested that OSW-1 interacts with membrane cholesterol without forming large aggregates while 3-O-glycosyl saponin, digitonin, forms cholesterol-containing aggregates. 28947142 4 17 theme 3-O-glycosyl 834:845 arg1 digitonin 856:864 digitonin 856:864 digitonin 856:864 Binding affinity measurements using fluorescent cholestatrienol and solid-state NMR spectroscopy of a 3-d-cholesterol probe suggested that OSW-1 interacts with membrane cholesterol without forming large aggregates while 3-O-glycosyl saponin, digitonin, forms cholesterol-containing aggregates. 28947142 0 18 theme Sterol-recognition 0:17 arg1 ability 19:25 Sterol-recognition ability 0:25 Sterol-recognition ability 0:25 Sterol-recognition ability and membrane-disrupting activity of Ornithogalum saponin OSW-1 and usual 3-O-glycosyl saponins. 28947142 4 19 theme large 811:815 arg1 aggregates 817:826 large aggregates 811:826 large aggregates while 3-O-glycosyl saponin, digitonin, forms cholesterol-containing aggregates 811:905 Binding affinity measurements using fluorescent cholestatrienol and solid-state NMR spectroscopy of a 3-d-cholesterol probe suggested that OSW-1 interacts with membrane cholesterol without forming large aggregates while 3-O-glycosyl saponin, digitonin, forms cholesterol-containing aggregates. 28947142 1 20 theme saundersiae 212:222 arg1 bulbs 190:194 the bulbs 186:194 the bulbs of Ornithogalum saundersiae 186:222 OSW-1 is a structurally unique steroidal saponin isolated from the bulbs of Ornithogalum saundersiae, and has exhibited highly potent and selective cytotoxicity in tumor cell lines. 28947142 0 21 theme membrane-disrupting 31:49 arg1 activity 51:58 membrane-disrupting activity 31:58 membrane-disrupting activity 31:58 Sterol-recognition ability and membrane-disrupting activity of Ornithogalum saponin OSW-1 and usual 3-O-glycosyl saponins. 28947142 3 22 theme membrane 592:599 arg1 cholesterol 601:611 membrane cholesterol 592:611 membrane cholesterol 592:611 The membrane effects and hemolytic activity of OSW-1 were markedly enhanced in the presence of membrane cholesterol. 28947142 3 23 theme membrane 501:508 arg1 effects 510:516 membrane effects 501:516 membrane effects 501:516 The membrane effects and hemolytic activity of OSW-1 were markedly enhanced in the presence of membrane cholesterol. 28947142 4 24 theme Binding 614:620 arg1 measurements 631:642 Binding affinity measurements 614:642 Binding affinity measurements using fluorescent cholestatrienol 614:676 Binding affinity measurements using fluorescent cholestatrienol and solid-state NMR spectroscopy of a 3-d-cholesterol probe suggested that OSW-1 interacts with membrane cholesterol without forming large aggregates while 3-O-glycosyl saponin, digitonin, forms cholesterol-containing aggregates. 28947142 3 25 theme cholesterol 601:611 arg1 presence 580:587 the presence 576:587 the presence of membrane cholesterol 576:611 The membrane effects and hemolytic activity of OSW-1 were markedly enhanced in the presence of membrane cholesterol. 28947142 1 26 from cytotoxicity 271:282 arg1 lines 298:302 tumor cell lines 287:302 tumor cell lines 287:302 OSW-1 is a structurally unique steroidal saponin isolated from the bulbs of Ornithogalum saundersiae, and has exhibited highly potent and selective cytotoxicity in tumor cell lines. 28947142 4 27 theme 3-d-cholesterol 716:730 arg1 probe 732:736 a 3-d-cholesterol probe 714:736 a 3-d-cholesterol probe 714:736 Binding affinity measurements using fluorescent cholestatrienol and solid-state NMR spectroscopy of a 3-d-cholesterol probe suggested that OSW-1 interacts with membrane cholesterol without forming large aggregates while 3-O-glycosyl saponin, digitonin, forms cholesterol-containing aggregates. 28947142 5 28 theme pore 1012:1015 arg1 formation 1017:1025 pore formation 1012:1025 pore formation 1012:1025 The results suggest that OSW-1/cholesterol interaction is likely to cause membrane permeabilization and pore formation without destroying the whole membrane integrity, which could partly be responsible for its highly potent cell toxicity. 28947142 2 29 theme other 439:443 arg1 saponins 445:452 other saponins 439:452 other saponins 439:452 This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism for the membrane-permeabilizing activity of OSW-1 in comparison with those of other saponins by using various spectroscopic approaches. 28947142 2 30 theme various 463:469 arg1 approaches 485:494 various spectroscopic approaches 463:494 various spectroscopic approaches 463:494 This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism for the membrane-permeabilizing activity of OSW-1 in comparison with those of other saponins by using various spectroscopic approaches. 28947142 5 31 theme OSW-1/cholesterol 933:949 arg1 interaction 951:961 OSW-1/cholesterol interaction 933:961 OSW-1/cholesterol interaction 933:961 The results suggest that OSW-1/cholesterol interaction is likely to cause membrane permeabilization and pore formation without destroying the whole membrane integrity, which could partly be responsible for its highly potent cell toxicity. 28947142 0 32 theme saponin 76:82 arg1 OSW-1 84:88 Ornithogalum saponin OSW-1 63:88 Ornithogalum saponin OSW-1 63:88 Sterol-recognition ability and membrane-disrupting activity of Ornithogalum saponin OSW-1 and usual 3-O-glycosyl saponins. 28947142 5 33 theme whole 1050:1054 arg1 integrity 1065:1073 the whole membrane integrity 1046:1073 the whole membrane integrity 1046:1073 The results suggest that OSW-1/cholesterol interaction is likely to cause membrane permeabilization and pore formation without destroying the whole membrane integrity, which could partly be responsible for its highly potent cell toxicity. 28947142 5 33 theme whole 1050:1054 arg1 responsible 1098:1108 responsible 1098:1108 responsible 1098:1108 The results suggest that OSW-1/cholesterol interaction is likely to cause membrane permeabilization and pore formation without destroying the whole membrane integrity, which could partly be responsible for its highly potent cell toxicity. 28947142 0 34 theme Ornithogalum 63:74 arg1 OSW-1 84:88 Ornithogalum saponin OSW-1 63:88 Ornithogalum saponin OSW-1 63:88 Sterol-recognition ability and membrane-disrupting activity of Ornithogalum saponin OSW-1 and usual 3-O-glycosyl saponins. 28947142 4 35 theme fluorescent 650:660 arg1 cholestatrienol 662:676 fluorescent cholestatrienol 650:676 fluorescent cholestatrienol 650:676 Binding affinity measurements using fluorescent cholestatrienol and solid-state NMR spectroscopy of a 3-d-cholesterol probe suggested that OSW-1 interacts with membrane cholesterol without forming large aggregates while 3-O-glycosyl saponin, digitonin, forms cholesterol-containing aggregates. 28947142 5 36 theme membrane 1056:1063 arg1 integrity 1065:1073 the whole membrane integrity 1046:1073 the whole membrane integrity 1046:1073 The results suggest that OSW-1/cholesterol interaction is likely to cause membrane permeabilization and pore formation without destroying the whole membrane integrity, which could partly be responsible for its highly potent cell toxicity. 28947142 5 36 theme membrane 1056:1063 arg1 responsible 1098:1108 responsible 1098:1108 responsible 1098:1108 The results suggest that OSW-1/cholesterol interaction is likely to cause membrane permeabilization and pore formation without destroying the whole membrane integrity, which could partly be responsible for its highly potent cell toxicity. 28947142 5 37 theme potent 1125:1130 arg1 toxicity 1137:1144 its highly potent cell toxicity 1114:1144 its highly potent cell toxicity 1114:1144 The results suggest that OSW-1/cholesterol interaction is likely to cause membrane permeabilization and pore formation without destroying the whole membrane integrity, which could partly be responsible for its highly potent cell toxicity. 28947142 4 38 dep aggregates 817:826 arg1 forms 867:871 forms 867:871 forms cholesterol-containing aggregates 867:905 Binding affinity measurements using fluorescent cholestatrienol and solid-state NMR spectroscopy of a 3-d-cholesterol probe suggested that OSW-1 interacts with membrane cholesterol without forming large aggregates while 3-O-glycosyl saponin, digitonin, forms cholesterol-containing aggregates. 28947142 1 39 theme unique 147:152 arg1 OSW-1 123:127 OSW-1 123:127 OSW-1 123:127 OSW-1 is a structurally unique steroidal saponin isolated from the bulbs of Ornithogalum saundersiae, and has exhibited highly potent and selective cytotoxicity in tumor cell lines. 28947142 1 39 theme unique 147:152 arg1 saponin 164:170 a structurally unique steroidal saponin 132:170 a structurally unique steroidal saponin isolated from the bulbs of Ornithogalum saundersiae 132:222 OSW-1 is a structurally unique steroidal saponin isolated from the bulbs of Ornithogalum saundersiae, and has exhibited highly potent and selective cytotoxicity in tumor cell lines. 28947142 5 40 theme cell 1132:1135 arg1 toxicity 1137:1144 its highly potent cell toxicity 1114:1144 its highly potent cell toxicity 1114:1144 The results suggest that OSW-1/cholesterol interaction is likely to cause membrane permeabilization and pore formation without destroying the whole membrane integrity, which could partly be responsible for its highly potent cell toxicity. 28947142 2 41 theme molecular 341:349 arg1 mechanism 351:359 the molecular mechanism 337:359 the molecular mechanism for the membrane-permeabilizing activity of OSW-1 in comparison with those of other saponins 337:452 This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism for the membrane-permeabilizing activity of OSW-1 in comparison with those of other saponins by using various spectroscopic approaches. 28947142 1 42 theme potent 250:255 arg1 cytotoxicity 271:282 highly potent and selective cytotoxicity 243:282 highly potent and selective cytotoxicity in tumor cell lines 243:302 OSW-1 is a structurally unique steroidal saponin isolated from the bulbs of Ornithogalum saundersiae, and has exhibited highly potent and selective cytotoxicity in tumor cell lines. 28947142 2 43 theme OSW-1 405:409 arg1 activity 393:400 the membrane-permeabilizing activity 365:400 the membrane-permeabilizing activity of OSW-1 in comparison with those of other saponins 365:452 This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism for the membrane-permeabilizing activity of OSW-1 in comparison with those of other saponins by using various spectroscopic approaches. 28947142 3 44 theme hemolytic 522:530 arg1 activity 532:539 hemolytic activity 522:539 hemolytic activity 522:539 The membrane effects and hemolytic activity of OSW-1 were markedly enhanced in the presence of membrane cholesterol. 28947142 4 45 theme NMR 694:696 arg1 spectroscopy 698:709 solid-state NMR spectroscopy 682:709 solid-state NMR spectroscopy of a 3-d-cholesterol probe 682:736 Binding affinity measurements using fluorescent cholestatrienol and solid-state NMR spectroscopy of a 3-d-cholesterol probe suggested that OSW-1 interacts with membrane cholesterol without forming large aggregates while 3-O-glycosyl saponin, digitonin, forms cholesterol-containing aggregates. 28947142 0 46 theme OSW-1 84:88 arg1 ability 19:25 Sterol-recognition ability 0:25 Sterol-recognition ability 0:25 Sterol-recognition ability and membrane-disrupting activity of Ornithogalum saponin OSW-1 and usual 3-O-glycosyl saponins. 28947142 0 46 theme OSW-1 84:88 arg1 activity 51:58 membrane-disrupting activity 31:58 membrane-disrupting activity 31:58 Sterol-recognition ability and membrane-disrupting activity of Ornithogalum saponin OSW-1 and usual 3-O-glycosyl saponins. 28947142 2 47 with comparison 414:423 arg1 those 430:434 those 430:434 those 430:434 This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism for the membrane-permeabilizing activity of OSW-1 in comparison with those of other saponins by using various spectroscopic approaches. 28947142 3 48 dep effects 510:516 arg1 The 497:499 The 497:499 The 497:499 The membrane effects and hemolytic activity of OSW-1 were markedly enhanced in the presence of membrane cholesterol. 28947142 1 49 theme selective 261:269 arg1 cytotoxicity 271:282 highly potent and selective cytotoxicity 243:282 highly potent and selective cytotoxicity in tumor cell lines 243:302 OSW-1 is a structurally unique steroidal saponin isolated from the bulbs of Ornithogalum saundersiae, and has exhibited highly potent and selective cytotoxicity in tumor cell lines. 27112860 9 0 theme water 1071:1075 arg1 up-take 1077:1083 water up-take 1071:1083 water up-take 1071:1083 Results concerning wettability, water up-take, surface resistance, wear-resistance or washing stability are presented. 27112860 5 1 theme simple 689:694 arg1 processes 709:717 simple pad-dry-cure processes 689:717 simple pad-dry-cure processes 689:717 Since ionic liquids exhibit no vapor pressure, simple pad-dry-cure processes are excluded. 27112860 8 2 theme iodine 999:1004 arg1 test 1006:1009 zinc chloride iodine test 985:1009 zinc chloride iodine test 985:1009 The amount of cellulose deposited has been investigated by gravimetry, zinc chloride iodine test as well as reactive dyeing. 27112860 8 2 theme iodine 999:1004 arg1 gravimetry 973:982 gravimetry 973:982 gravimetry 973:982 The amount of cellulose deposited has been investigated by gravimetry, zinc chloride iodine test as well as reactive dyeing. 27112860 5 3 theme pad-dry-cure 696:707 arg1 processes 709:717 simple pad-dry-cure processes 689:717 simple pad-dry-cure processes 689:717 Since ionic liquids exhibit no vapor pressure, simple pad-dry-cure processes are excluded. 27112860 7 4 with rinsing 813:819 arg1 liquid 838:843 liquid 838:843 liquid 838:843 Accordingly rinsing with fresh ionic liquid followed by water or the direct rinsing with water have been tested. 27112860 7 4 with rinsing 813:819 arg1 water 890:894 water 890:894 water 890:894 Accordingly rinsing with fresh ionic liquid followed by water or the direct rinsing with water have been tested. 27112860 8 5 theme deposited 938:946 arg1 amount 918:923 The amount 914:923 The amount of cellulose deposited 914:946 The amount of cellulose deposited has been investigated by gravimetry, zinc chloride iodine test as well as reactive dyeing. 27112860 8 5 theme deposited 938:946 arg1 deposited 938:946 cellulose deposited 928:946 cellulose deposited 928:946 The amount of cellulose deposited has been investigated by gravimetry, zinc chloride iodine test as well as reactive dyeing. 27112860 5 6 theme ionic 648:652 arg1 liquids 654:660 ionic liquids 648:660 ionic liquids 648:660 Since ionic liquids exhibit no vapor pressure, simple pad-dry-cure processes are excluded. 27112860 9 7 theme surface 1086:1092 arg1 resistance 1094:1103 surface resistance 1086:1103 surface resistance 1086:1103 Results concerning wettability, water up-take, surface resistance, wear-resistance or washing stability are presented. 27112860 1 8 theme Several 60:66 arg1 liquids 74:80 Several ionic liquids 60:80 Several ionic liquids 60:80 Several ionic liquids are excellent solvents for cellulose. 27112860 1 8 theme Several 60:66 arg1 solvents 96:103 excellent solvents 86:103 excellent solvents for cellulose 86:117 Several ionic liquids are excellent solvents for cellulose. 27112860 4 9 theme solutions 520:528 arg1 Viscosity 507:515 Viscosity 507:515 Viscosity of solutions 507:528 Viscosity of solutions has been investigated for different ionic liquids, concentrations, cellulose sources, linkers and temperatures. 27112860 1 10 theme ionic 68:72 arg1 liquids 74:80 Several ionic liquids 60:80 Several ionic liquids 60:80 Several ionic liquids are excellent solvents for cellulose. 27112860 1 10 theme ionic 68:72 arg1 solvents 96:103 excellent solvents 86:103 excellent solvents for cellulose 86:117 Several ionic liquids are excellent solvents for cellulose. 27112860 0 11 theme ionic 10:14 arg1 liquids 16:22 ionic liquids 10:22 ionic liquids 10:22 Employing ionic liquids to deposit cellulose on PET fibers. 27112860 5 12 theme vapor 673:677 arg1 pressure 679:686 no vapor pressure 670:686 no vapor pressure 670:686 Since ionic liquids exhibit no vapor pressure, simple pad-dry-cure processes are excluded. 27112860 3 13 theme different 396:404 arg1 concentrations 406:419 different concentrations 396:419 different concentrations 396:419 Finishing has been carried out from solutions of different concentrations, using microcrystalline cellulose or cotton and by employing different cross-linkers. 27112860 2 14 theme imidazolium 312:322 arg1 chloride 287:294 the chloride 283:294 the chloride of butyl-methyl imidazolium 283:322 Starting from that finishing of PET fabrics with cellulose dissolved in ionic liquids like 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate, diethylphosphate and chloride, or the chloride of butyl-methyl imidazolium has been investigated. 27112860 8 15 theme reactive 1022:1029 arg1 dyeing 1031:1036 reactive dyeing 1022:1036 gravimetry, zinc chloride iodine test as well as reactive dyeing 973:1036 The amount of cellulose deposited has been investigated by gravimetry, zinc chloride iodine test as well as reactive dyeing. 27112860 2 16 theme butyl-methyl 299:310 arg1 imidazolium 312:322 butyl-methyl imidazolium 299:322 butyl-methyl imidazolium 299:322 Starting from that finishing of PET fabrics with cellulose dissolved in ionic liquids like 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate, diethylphosphate and chloride, or the chloride of butyl-methyl imidazolium has been investigated. 27112860 9 17 theme washing 1125:1131 arg1 stability 1133:1141 washing stability 1125:1141 washing stability 1125:1141 Results concerning wettability, water up-take, surface resistance, wear-resistance or washing stability are presented. 27112860 3 18 theme different 482:490 arg1 cross-linkers 492:504 different cross-linkers 482:504 different cross-linkers 482:504 Finishing has been carried out from solutions of different concentrations, using microcrystalline cellulose or cotton and by employing different cross-linkers. 27112860 8 19 theme cellulose 928:936 arg1 deposited 938:946 cellulose deposited 928:946 cellulose deposited 928:946 The amount of cellulose deposited has been investigated by gravimetry, zinc chloride iodine test as well as reactive dyeing. 27112860 4 20 theme cellulose 597:605 arg1 sources 607:613 cellulose sources 597:613 cellulose sources 597:613 Viscosity of solutions has been investigated for different ionic liquids, concentrations, cellulose sources, linkers and temperatures. 27112860 3 21 theme microcrystalline 428:443 arg1 cellulose 445:453 microcrystalline cellulose 428:453 microcrystalline cellulose 428:453 Finishing has been carried out from solutions of different concentrations, using microcrystalline cellulose or cotton and by employing different cross-linkers. 27112860 4 22 theme ionic 566:570 arg1 liquids 572:578 different ionic liquids 556:578 different ionic liquids 556:578 Viscosity of solutions has been investigated for different ionic liquids, concentrations, cellulose sources, linkers and temperatures. 27112860 2 23 theme imidazolium 228:238 arg1 acetate 240:246 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate 211:246 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate 211:246 Starting from that finishing of PET fabrics with cellulose dissolved in ionic liquids like 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate, diethylphosphate and chloride, or the chloride of butyl-methyl imidazolium has been investigated. 27112860 0 24 theme PET 48:50 arg1 fibers 52:57 PET fibers 48:57 PET fibers 48:57 Employing ionic liquids to deposit cellulose on PET fibers. 27112860 4 25 theme different 556:564 arg1 liquids 572:578 different ionic liquids 556:578 different ionic liquids 556:578 Viscosity of solutions has been investigated for different ionic liquids, concentrations, cellulose sources, linkers and temperatures. 27112860 2 26 theme PET 152:154 arg1 fabrics 156:162 PET fabrics 152:162 PET fabrics with cellulose dissolved in ionic liquids like 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate, diethylphosphate and chloride 152:277 Starting from that finishing of PET fabrics with cellulose dissolved in ionic liquids like 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate, diethylphosphate and chloride, or the chloride of butyl-methyl imidazolium has been investigated. 27112860 2 27 theme 1-ethyl-3-methyl 211:226 arg1 acetate 240:246 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate 211:246 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate 211:246 Starting from that finishing of PET fabrics with cellulose dissolved in ionic liquids like 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate, diethylphosphate and chloride, or the chloride of butyl-methyl imidazolium has been investigated. 27112860 6 28 theme rinsing 787:793 arg1 step 795:798 a rinsing step 785:798 a rinsing step 785:798 Before drying the ionic liquid has to be removed by a rinsing step. 27112860 2 29 with fabrics 156:162 arg1 cellulose 169:177 cellulose 169:177 cellulose dissolved in ionic liquids like 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate, diethylphosphate and chloride 169:277 Starting from that finishing of PET fabrics with cellulose dissolved in ionic liquids like 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate, diethylphosphate and chloride, or the chloride of butyl-methyl imidazolium has been investigated. 27112860 3 30 dep carried 366:372 arg1 employing 472:480 employing 472:480 employing different cross-linkers 472:504 Finishing has been carried out from solutions of different concentrations, using microcrystalline cellulose or cotton and by employing different cross-linkers. 27112860 3 30 dep carried 366:372 arg1 using 422:426 using 422:426 using microcrystalline cellulose or cotton 422:463 Finishing has been carried out from solutions of different concentrations, using microcrystalline cellulose or cotton and by employing different cross-linkers. 27112860 2 31 theme ionic 192:196 arg1 liquids 198:204 ionic liquids 192:204 ionic liquids like 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate, diethylphosphate and chloride 192:277 Starting from that finishing of PET fabrics with cellulose dissolved in ionic liquids like 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate, diethylphosphate and chloride, or the chloride of butyl-methyl imidazolium has been investigated. 27112860 8 32 theme chloride 990:997 arg1 test 1006:1009 zinc chloride iodine test 985:1009 zinc chloride iodine test 985:1009 The amount of cellulose deposited has been investigated by gravimetry, zinc chloride iodine test as well as reactive dyeing. 27112860 8 32 theme chloride 990:997 arg1 gravimetry 973:982 gravimetry 973:982 gravimetry 973:982 The amount of cellulose deposited has been investigated by gravimetry, zinc chloride iodine test as well as reactive dyeing. 27112860 1 33 theme excellent 86:94 arg1 liquids 74:80 Several ionic liquids 60:80 Several ionic liquids 60:80 Several ionic liquids are excellent solvents for cellulose. 27112860 1 33 theme excellent 86:94 arg1 solvents 96:103 excellent solvents 86:103 excellent solvents for cellulose 86:117 Several ionic liquids are excellent solvents for cellulose. 27112860 3 34 theme concentrations 406:419 arg1 solutions 383:391 solutions 383:391 solutions of different concentrations 383:419 Finishing has been carried out from solutions of different concentrations, using microcrystalline cellulose or cotton and by employing different cross-linkers. 27112860 8 35 theme zinc 985:988 arg1 chloride 990:997 zinc chloride 985:997 zinc chloride iodine test 985:1009 The amount of cellulose deposited has been investigated by gravimetry, zinc chloride iodine test as well as reactive dyeing. 27498417 5 0 theme chitosans 809:817 arg1 concentration 792:804 the equilibrium concentration 776:804 the equilibrium concentration of chitosans 776:817 Results showed that with hydrochloric acid as the solvent of chitosans, increasing pH from 3 to 5.5 enhanced the adsorption of both LC and MC on the Mt, and when the equilibrium concentration of chitosans approached 300mg/L at pH 5.5, the amount of adsorbed chitosan reached the highest level of 0.203mg/mg for LC and 0.190mg/mg for MC, respectively. 27498417 6 1 with saturated 981:989 arg1 chitosan 1000:1007 the chitosan 996:1007 the chitosan 996:1007 When the Mt was saturated with the chitosan, the amino groups on the chitosan were bonded with the Mt through electrostatic interaction and there was monolayer of the chitosan in the interlayer space of Mt, which were confirmed by FTIR spectra and XRD patterns, respectively. 27498417 5 2 dep 5.5 710:712 arg1 to 707:708 to 707:708 to 707:708 Results showed that with hydrochloric acid as the solvent of chitosans, increasing pH from 3 to 5.5 enhanced the adsorption of both LC and MC on the Mt, and when the equilibrium concentration of chitosans approached 300mg/L at pH 5.5, the amount of adsorbed chitosan reached the highest level of 0.203mg/mg for LC and 0.190mg/mg for MC, respectively. 27498417 6 3 dep was 1111:1113 arg1 confirmed 1183:1191 confirmed 1183:1191 confirmed 1183:1191 When the Mt was saturated with the chitosan, the amino groups on the chitosan were bonded with the Mt through electrostatic interaction and there was monolayer of the chitosan in the interlayer space of Mt, which were confirmed by FTIR spectra and XRD patterns, respectively. 27498417 5 4 theme chitosans 675:683 arg1 solvent 664:670 the solvent 660:670 the solvent of chitosans 660:683 Results showed that with hydrochloric acid as the solvent of chitosans, increasing pH from 3 to 5.5 enhanced the adsorption of both LC and MC on the Mt, and when the equilibrium concentration of chitosans approached 300mg/L at pH 5.5, the amount of adsorbed chitosan reached the highest level of 0.203mg/mg for LC and 0.190mg/mg for MC, respectively. 27498417 6 5 theme electrostatic 1075:1087 arg1 interaction 1089:1099 electrostatic interaction 1075:1099 electrostatic interaction 1075:1099 When the Mt was saturated with the chitosan, the amino groups on the chitosan were bonded with the Mt through electrostatic interaction and there was monolayer of the chitosan in the interlayer space of Mt, which were confirmed by FTIR spectra and XRD patterns, respectively. 27498417 6 6 theme interlayer 1148:1157 arg1 space 1159:1163 the interlayer space 1144:1163 the interlayer space of Mt 1144:1169 When the Mt was saturated with the chitosan, the amino groups on the chitosan were bonded with the Mt through electrostatic interaction and there was monolayer of the chitosan in the interlayer space of Mt, which were confirmed by FTIR spectra and XRD patterns, respectively. 27498417 5 7 theme adsorbed 863:870 arg1 chitosan 872:879 adsorbed chitosan 863:879 adsorbed chitosan 863:879 Results showed that with hydrochloric acid as the solvent of chitosans, increasing pH from 3 to 5.5 enhanced the adsorption of both LC and MC on the Mt, and when the equilibrium concentration of chitosans approached 300mg/L at pH 5.5, the amount of adsorbed chitosan reached the highest level of 0.203mg/mg for LC and 0.190mg/mg for MC, respectively. 27498417 0 8 theme sodium 78:83 arg1 montmorillonite 85:99 the sodium montmorillonite 74:99 the sodium montmorillonite 74:99 Adsorption and intercalation of low and medium molar mass chitosans on/in the sodium montmorillonite. 27498417 4 9 dep Fourier 513:519 arg1 transform 521:529 transform 521:529 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 521:558 Thermo X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the chitosan-Mt composites. 27498417 5 10 theme chitosan 872:879 arg1 amount 853:858 the amount 849:858 the amount of adsorbed chitosan 849:879 Results showed that with hydrochloric acid as the solvent of chitosans, increasing pH from 3 to 5.5 enhanced the adsorption of both LC and MC on the Mt, and when the equilibrium concentration of chitosans approached 300mg/L at pH 5.5, the amount of adsorbed chitosan reached the highest level of 0.203mg/mg for LC and 0.190mg/mg for MC, respectively. 27498417 5 10 theme chitosan 872:879 arg1 chitosan 872:879 adsorbed chitosan 863:879 adsorbed chitosan 863:879 Results showed that with hydrochloric acid as the solvent of chitosans, increasing pH from 3 to 5.5 enhanced the adsorption of both LC and MC on the Mt, and when the equilibrium concentration of chitosans approached 300mg/L at pH 5.5, the amount of adsorbed chitosan reached the highest level of 0.203mg/mg for LC and 0.190mg/mg for MC, respectively. 27498417 6 11 theme XRD 1213:1215 arg1 patterns 1217:1224 XRD patterns 1213:1224 XRD patterns 1213:1224 When the Mt was saturated with the chitosan, the amino groups on the chitosan were bonded with the Mt through electrostatic interaction and there was monolayer of the chitosan in the interlayer space of Mt, which were confirmed by FTIR spectra and XRD patterns, respectively. 27498417 2 12 theme sodium 365:370 arg1 montmorillonite 372:386 a sodium montmorillonite 363:386 a sodium montmorillonite (Mt) 363:391 In this paper, low molar mass chitosan (LC) and medium molar mass chitosan (MC) were selected to intercalate a sodium montmorillonite (Mt). 27498417 2 12 theme sodium 365:370 arg1 Mt 389:390 Mt 389:390 Mt 389:390 In this paper, low molar mass chitosan (LC) and medium molar mass chitosan (MC) were selected to intercalate a sodium montmorillonite (Mt). 27498417 6 13 theme chitosan 1132:1139 arg1 monolayer 1115:1123 monolayer 1115:1123 monolayer of the chitosan 1115:1139 When the Mt was saturated with the chitosan, the amino groups on the chitosan were bonded with the Mt through electrostatic interaction and there was monolayer of the chitosan in the interlayer space of Mt, which were confirmed by FTIR spectra and XRD patterns, respectively. 27498417 3 14 theme LC 421:422 arg1 isotherm 409:416 The adsorption isotherm 394:416 The adsorption isotherm of LC and MC on the Mt and the pH dependency 394:461 The adsorption isotherm of LC and MC on the Mt and the pH dependency were measured. 27498417 2 15 theme mass 315:318 arg1 MC 330:331 MC 330:331 MC 330:331 In this paper, low molar mass chitosan (LC) and medium molar mass chitosan (MC) were selected to intercalate a sodium montmorillonite (Mt). 27498417 2 15 theme mass 315:318 arg1 chitosan 320:327 medium molar mass chitosan 302:327 medium molar mass chitosan (MC) 302:332 In this paper, low molar mass chitosan (LC) and medium molar mass chitosan (MC) were selected to intercalate a sodium montmorillonite (Mt). 27498417 3 16 theme adsorption 398:407 arg1 isotherm 409:416 The adsorption isotherm 394:416 The adsorption isotherm of LC and MC on the Mt and the pH dependency 394:461 The adsorption isotherm of LC and MC on the Mt and the pH dependency were measured. 27498417 5 17 theme LC 746:747 arg1 adsorption 727:736 the adsorption 723:736 the adsorption of both LC and MC on the Mt 723:764 Results showed that with hydrochloric acid as the solvent of chitosans, increasing pH from 3 to 5.5 enhanced the adsorption of both LC and MC on the Mt, and when the equilibrium concentration of chitosans approached 300mg/L at pH 5.5, the amount of adsorbed chitosan reached the highest level of 0.203mg/mg for LC and 0.190mg/mg for MC, respectively. 27498417 2 18 theme molar 309:313 arg1 MC 330:331 MC 330:331 MC 330:331 In this paper, low molar mass chitosan (LC) and medium molar mass chitosan (MC) were selected to intercalate a sodium montmorillonite (Mt). 27498417 2 18 theme molar 309:313 arg1 chitosan 320:327 medium molar mass chitosan 302:327 medium molar mass chitosan (MC) 302:332 In this paper, low molar mass chitosan (LC) and medium molar mass chitosan (MC) were selected to intercalate a sodium montmorillonite (Mt). 27498417 6 19 theme FTIR 1196:1199 arg1 spectra 1201:1207 FTIR spectra 1196:1207 FTIR spectra 1196:1207 When the Mt was saturated with the chitosan, the amino groups on the chitosan were bonded with the Mt through electrostatic interaction and there was monolayer of the chitosan in the interlayer space of Mt, which were confirmed by FTIR spectra and XRD patterns, respectively. 27498417 5 20 theme equilibrium 780:790 arg1 concentration 792:804 the equilibrium concentration 776:804 the equilibrium concentration of chitosans 776:817 Results showed that with hydrochloric acid as the solvent of chitosans, increasing pH from 3 to 5.5 enhanced the adsorption of both LC and MC on the Mt, and when the equilibrium concentration of chitosans approached 300mg/L at pH 5.5, the amount of adsorbed chitosan reached the highest level of 0.203mg/mg for LC and 0.190mg/mg for MC, respectively. 27498417 2 21 theme medium 302:307 arg1 MC 330:331 MC 330:331 MC 330:331 In this paper, low molar mass chitosan (LC) and medium molar mass chitosan (MC) were selected to intercalate a sodium montmorillonite (Mt). 27498417 2 21 theme medium 302:307 arg1 chitosan 320:327 medium molar mass chitosan 302:327 medium molar mass chitosan (MC) 302:332 In this paper, low molar mass chitosan (LC) and medium molar mass chitosan (MC) were selected to intercalate a sodium montmorillonite (Mt). 27498417 6 22 from groups 1020:1025 arg1 chitosan 1034:1041 the chitosan 1030:1041 the chitosan 1030:1041 When the Mt was saturated with the chitosan, the amino groups on the chitosan were bonded with the Mt through electrostatic interaction and there was monolayer of the chitosan in the interlayer space of Mt, which were confirmed by FTIR spectra and XRD patterns, respectively. 27498417 1 23 theme montmorillonite 213:227 arg1 performances 197:208 the performances 193:208 the performances of montmorillonite 193:227 Chitosan-montmorillonite composites can provide hydrophobicity and amino groups to enhance the performances of montmorillonite in wastewater treatment. 27498417 5 24 theme MC 753:754 arg1 adsorption 727:736 the adsorption 723:736 the adsorption of both LC and MC on the Mt 723:764 Results showed that with hydrochloric acid as the solvent of chitosans, increasing pH from 3 to 5.5 enhanced the adsorption of both LC and MC on the Mt, and when the equilibrium concentration of chitosans approached 300mg/L at pH 5.5, the amount of adsorbed chitosan reached the highest level of 0.203mg/mg for LC and 0.190mg/mg for MC, respectively. 27498417 4 25 used used 565:568 arg2 Fourier 513:519 Fourier 513:519 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 513:558 Thermo X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the chitosan-Mt composites. 27498417 4 25 used used 565:568 arg2 XRD 504:506 XRD 504:506 XRD 504:506 Thermo X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the chitosan-Mt composites. 27498417 4 25 used used 565:568 arg2 diffraction 491:501 Thermo X-ray diffraction 478:501 Thermo X-ray diffraction (XRD) 478:507 Thermo X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the chitosan-Mt composites. 27498417 1 26 theme Chitosan-montmorillonite 102:125 arg1 composites 127:136 Chitosan-montmorillonite composites 102:136 Chitosan-montmorillonite composites 102:136 Chitosan-montmorillonite composites can provide hydrophobicity and amino groups to enhance the performances of montmorillonite in wastewater treatment. 27498417 4 27 theme chitosan-Mt 590:600 arg1 composites 602:611 the chitosan-Mt composites 586:611 the chitosan-Mt composites 586:611 Thermo X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the chitosan-Mt composites. 27498417 1 28 theme wastewater 232:241 arg1 treatment 243:251 wastewater treatment 232:251 wastewater treatment 232:251 Chitosan-montmorillonite composites can provide hydrophobicity and amino groups to enhance the performances of montmorillonite in wastewater treatment. 27498417 0 29 theme low 32:34 arg1 chitosans 58:66 low and medium molar mass chitosans 32:66 low and medium molar mass chitosans 32:66 Adsorption and intercalation of low and medium molar mass chitosans on/in the sodium montmorillonite. 27498417 4 30 theme X-ray 485:489 arg1 diffraction 491:501 Thermo X-ray diffraction 478:501 Thermo X-ray diffraction (XRD) 478:507 Thermo X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the chitosan-Mt composites. 27498417 4 30 theme X-ray 485:489 arg1 XRD 504:506 XRD 504:506 XRD 504:506 Thermo X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the chitosan-Mt composites. 27498417 3 31 theme MC 428:429 arg1 isotherm 409:416 The adsorption isotherm 394:416 The adsorption isotherm of LC and MC on the Mt and the pH dependency 394:461 The adsorption isotherm of LC and MC on the Mt and the pH dependency were measured. 27498417 0 32 theme molar 47:51 arg1 mass 53:56 medium molar mass 40:56 medium molar mass 40:56 Adsorption and intercalation of low and medium molar mass chitosans on/in the sodium montmorillonite. 27498417 4 33 theme Thermo 478:483 arg1 diffraction 491:501 Thermo X-ray diffraction 478:501 Thermo X-ray diffraction (XRD) 478:507 Thermo X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the chitosan-Mt composites. 27498417 4 33 theme Thermo 478:483 arg1 XRD 504:506 XRD 504:506 XRD 504:506 Thermo X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the chitosan-Mt composites. 27498417 4 34 dep transform 521:529 arg1 infrared 531:538 infrared 531:538 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 521:558 Thermo X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the chitosan-Mt composites. 27498417 6 35 theme amino 1014:1018 arg1 groups 1020:1025 the amino groups 1010:1025 the amino groups on the chitosan 1010:1041 When the Mt was saturated with the chitosan, the amino groups on the chitosan were bonded with the Mt through electrostatic interaction and there was monolayer of the chitosan in the interlayer space of Mt, which were confirmed by FTIR spectra and XRD patterns, respectively. 27498417 0 36 theme medium 40:45 arg1 mass 53:56 medium molar mass 40:56 medium molar mass 40:56 Adsorption and intercalation of low and medium molar mass chitosans on/in the sodium montmorillonite. 27498417 3 37 theme pH 449:450 arg1 dependency 452:461 the pH dependency 445:461 the pH dependency 445:461 The adsorption isotherm of LC and MC on the Mt and the pH dependency were measured. 27498417 5 38 theme hydrochloric 639:650 arg1 acid 652:655 hydrochloric acid 639:655 hydrochloric acid as the solvent of chitosans 639:683 Results showed that with hydrochloric acid as the solvent of chitosans, increasing pH from 3 to 5.5 enhanced the adsorption of both LC and MC on the Mt, and when the equilibrium concentration of chitosans approached 300mg/L at pH 5.5, the amount of adsorbed chitosan reached the highest level of 0.203mg/mg for LC and 0.190mg/mg for MC, respectively. 27498417 5 39 theme highest 893:899 arg1 level 901:905 the highest level 889:905 the highest level of 0.203mg/mg for LC and 0.190mg/mg 889:941 Results showed that with hydrochloric acid as the solvent of chitosans, increasing pH from 3 to 5.5 enhanced the adsorption of both LC and MC on the Mt, and when the equilibrium concentration of chitosans approached 300mg/L at pH 5.5, the amount of adsorbed chitosan reached the highest level of 0.203mg/mg for LC and 0.190mg/mg for MC, respectively. 27498417 2 40 theme mass 279:282 arg1 LC 294:295 LC 294:295 LC 294:295 In this paper, low molar mass chitosan (LC) and medium molar mass chitosan (MC) were selected to intercalate a sodium montmorillonite (Mt). 27498417 2 40 theme mass 279:282 arg1 chitosan 284:291 low molar mass chitosan 269:291 low molar mass chitosan (LC) 269:296 In this paper, low molar mass chitosan (LC) and medium molar mass chitosan (MC) were selected to intercalate a sodium montmorillonite (Mt). 27498417 6 41 theme Mt 1168:1169 arg1 space 1159:1163 the interlayer space 1144:1163 the interlayer space of Mt 1144:1169 When the Mt was saturated with the chitosan, the amino groups on the chitosan were bonded with the Mt through electrostatic interaction and there was monolayer of the chitosan in the interlayer space of Mt, which were confirmed by FTIR spectra and XRD patterns, respectively. 27498417 2 42 theme molar 273:277 arg1 LC 294:295 LC 294:295 LC 294:295 In this paper, low molar mass chitosan (LC) and medium molar mass chitosan (MC) were selected to intercalate a sodium montmorillonite (Mt). 27498417 2 42 theme molar 273:277 arg1 chitosan 284:291 low molar mass chitosan 269:291 low molar mass chitosan (LC) 269:296 In this paper, low molar mass chitosan (LC) and medium molar mass chitosan (MC) were selected to intercalate a sodium montmorillonite (Mt). 27498417 0 43 theme chitosans 58:66 arg1 intercalation 15:27 intercalation 15:27 intercalation of low and medium molar mass chitosans 15:66 Adsorption and intercalation of low and medium molar mass chitosans on/in the sodium montmorillonite. 27498417 0 43 theme chitosans 58:66 arg1 Adsorption 0:9 Adsorption 0:9 Adsorption 0:9 Adsorption and intercalation of low and medium molar mass chitosans on/in the sodium montmorillonite. 27498417 2 44 theme low 269:271 arg1 LC 294:295 LC 294:295 LC 294:295 In this paper, low molar mass chitosan (LC) and medium molar mass chitosan (MC) were selected to intercalate a sodium montmorillonite (Mt). 27498417 2 44 theme low 269:271 arg1 chitosan 284:291 low molar mass chitosan 269:291 low molar mass chitosan (LC) 269:296 In this paper, low molar mass chitosan (LC) and medium molar mass chitosan (MC) were selected to intercalate a sodium montmorillonite (Mt). 27498417 3 45 from isotherm 409:416 arg1 Mt 438:439 the Mt 434:439 the Mt 434:439 The adsorption isotherm of LC and MC on the Mt and the pH dependency were measured. 27498417 3 45 from isotherm 409:416 arg1 dependency 452:461 the pH dependency 445:461 the pH dependency 445:461 The adsorption isotherm of LC and MC on the Mt and the pH dependency were measured. 27498417 0 46 theme mass 53:56 arg1 chitosans 58:66 low and medium molar mass chitosans 32:66 low and medium molar mass chitosans 32:66 Adsorption and intercalation of low and medium molar mass chitosans on/in the sodium montmorillonite. 27498417 5 47 from adsorption 727:736 arg1 Mt 763:764 the Mt 759:764 the Mt 759:764 Results showed that with hydrochloric acid as the solvent of chitosans, increasing pH from 3 to 5.5 enhanced the adsorption of both LC and MC on the Mt, and when the equilibrium concentration of chitosans approached 300mg/L at pH 5.5, the amount of adsorbed chitosan reached the highest level of 0.203mg/mg for LC and 0.190mg/mg for MC, respectively. 27498417 5 48 theme 0.203mg/mg 910:919 arg1 level 901:905 the highest level 889:905 the highest level of 0.203mg/mg for LC and 0.190mg/mg 889:941 Results showed that with hydrochloric acid as the solvent of chitosans, increasing pH from 3 to 5.5 enhanced the adsorption of both LC and MC on the Mt, and when the equilibrium concentration of chitosans approached 300mg/L at pH 5.5, the amount of adsorbed chitosan reached the highest level of 0.203mg/mg for LC and 0.190mg/mg for MC, respectively. 27498417 1 49 theme amino 169:173 arg1 groups 175:180 amino groups 169:180 amino groups 169:180 Chitosan-montmorillonite composites can provide hydrophobicity and amino groups to enhance the performances of montmorillonite in wastewater treatment. 25701343 11 0 theme targeted 1688:1695 arg1 reaction 1727:1734 a targeted quantitative polymerase chain reaction 1686:1734 a targeted quantitative polymerase chain reaction approach 1686:1743 CONCLUSIONS As revealed by a targeted quantitative polymerase chain reaction approach, programming of adult intestinal microbiota seems to vary according to the nature of the preweaning microbiotal modulator. 25701343 3 1 theme initial 541:547 arg1 set-up 559:564 initial microbial set-up 541:564 initial microbial set-up 541:564 The intestinal microbiota could be a key player in this programming because it affects host metabolic homeostasis, postnatal gut colonization is sensitive to early nutrition, and initial microbial set-up is thought to shape microbiota composition for life. 25701343 4 2 theme intestinal 688:697 arg1 microbiota 699:708 intestinal microbiota 688:708 intestinal microbiota 688:708 The aim of this study was to determine whether early manipulation of intestinal microbiota actually programs adult microbiota in rats. 25701343 11 3 theme reaction 1727:1734 arg1 approach 1736:1743 a targeted quantitative polymerase chain reaction approach 1686:1743 a targeted quantitative polymerase chain reaction approach 1686:1743 CONCLUSIONS As revealed by a targeted quantitative polymerase chain reaction approach, programming of adult intestinal microbiota seems to vary according to the nature of the preweaning microbiotal modulator. 25701343 8 4 contain had 1201:1203 arg2 effect 1226:1231 the most significant effect 1205:1231 the most significant effect 1205:1231 Amoxicillin had the most significant effect. 25701343 8 4 contain had 1201:1203 arg1 Amoxicillin 1189:1199 Amoxicillin 1189:1199 Amoxicillin 1189:1199 Amoxicillin had the most significant effect. 25701343 12 5 theme physiology 2055:2064 arg1 programming 2035:2045 nutritional programming 2023:2045 nutritional programming of host physiology 2023:2064 This suggests that intestinal microbiota may, only under specific circumstances, serve as a relay of neonatal nutrition and thus potentially contribute to nutritional programming of host physiology. 25701343 11 6 dep CONCLUSIONS 1659:1669 arg1 revealed 1674:1681 revealed 1674:1681 revealed by a targeted quantitative polymerase chain reaction approach 1674:1743 CONCLUSIONS As revealed by a targeted quantitative polymerase chain reaction approach, programming of adult intestinal microbiota seems to vary according to the nature of the preweaning microbiotal modulator. 25701343 9 7 theme Firmicutes 1265:1274 arg1 levels 1276:1281 Firmicutes levels 1265:1281 Firmicutes levels 1265:1281 All oligosaccharides decreased Firmicutes levels, whereas only fructo-oligosaccharides and GOS/lcF increased bifidobacteria. 25701343 2 8 theme prevention 339:348 arg1 strategies 350:359 new disease prevention strategies 327:359 new disease prevention strategies 327:359 Identifying mechanisms underlying nutritional programming would aid in the design of new disease prevention strategies. 25701343 1 9 theme programming 205:215 arg1 effects 217:223 programming effects 205:223 programming effects 205:223 OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence suggests that early nutrition has programming effects on adult health. 25701343 10 10 theme kinase 1646:1651 arg1 gene 1653:1656 butyrate kinase gene 1637:1656 Roseburia intestinalis cluster, one subdivision of the Erysipelotrichaceae family as well as butyrate kinase gene 1544:1656 At day 131, most of these effects had faded away but a significant, albeit minor, adult microbiota programming was observed for rats that received GOS/lcF mix before weaning, regarding Roseburia intestinalis cluster, one subdivision of the Erysipelotrichaceae family as well as butyrate kinase gene. 25701343 2 11 theme new 327:329 arg1 strategies 350:359 new disease prevention strategies 327:359 new disease prevention strategies 327:359 Identifying mechanisms underlying nutritional programming would aid in the design of new disease prevention strategies. 25701343 12 12 theme nutritional 2023:2033 arg1 programming 2035:2045 nutritional programming 2023:2045 nutritional programming of host physiology 2023:2064 This suggests that intestinal microbiota may, only under specific circumstances, serve as a relay of neonatal nutrition and thus potentially contribute to nutritional programming of host physiology. 25701343 6 13 theme real-time 1088:1096 arg1 reaction 1115:1122 real-time polymerase chain reaction 1088:1122 real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis 1088:1131 Ceco-colonic microbiota was characterized at 14 and 131 d by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. 25701343 5 14 theme Suckling 762:769 arg1 rats 771:774 Suckling rats 762:774 METHODS Suckling rats pups 754:779 METHODS Suckling rats pups were supplemented with fructo-oligosaccharides, galacto-oligosaccharides/long-chain fructan mix (GOS/lcF, 9/1), acidic oligosaccharides, amoxicillin, or vehicle from the fifth to the fourteenth day of life, and weaned to standard chow at day 21. 25701343 5 15 theme life 982:985 arg1 day 975:977 the fourteenth day 960:977 the fourteenth day of life 960:985 METHODS Suckling rats pups were supplemented with fructo-oligosaccharides, galacto-oligosaccharides/long-chain fructan mix (GOS/lcF, 9/1), acidic oligosaccharides, amoxicillin, or vehicle from the fifth to the fourteenth day of life, and weaned to standard chow at day 21. 25701343 5 16 dep METHODS 754:760 arg1 rats 771:774 Suckling rats 762:774 METHODS Suckling rats pups 754:779 METHODS Suckling rats pups were supplemented with fructo-oligosaccharides, galacto-oligosaccharides/long-chain fructan mix (GOS/lcF, 9/1), acidic oligosaccharides, amoxicillin, or vehicle from the fifth to the fourteenth day of life, and weaned to standard chow at day 21. 25701343 5 16 dep METHODS 754:760 arg1 pups 776:779 pups 776:779 METHODS Suckling rats pups 754:779 METHODS Suckling rats pups were supplemented with fructo-oligosaccharides, galacto-oligosaccharides/long-chain fructan mix (GOS/lcF, 9/1), acidic oligosaccharides, amoxicillin, or vehicle from the fifth to the fourteenth day of life, and weaned to standard chow at day 21. 25701343 0 17 from programming 100:110 arg1 rats 135:138 rats 135:138 rats 135:138 Preweaning modulation of intestinal microbiota by oligosaccharides or amoxicillin can contribute to programming of adult microbiota in rats. 25701343 4 18 theme adult 728:732 arg1 microbiota 734:743 adult microbiota 728:743 adult microbiota in rats 728:751 The aim of this study was to determine whether early manipulation of intestinal microbiota actually programs adult microbiota in rats. 25701343 2 19 theme nutritional 276:286 arg1 programming 288:298 nutritional programming 276:298 nutritional programming 276:298 Identifying mechanisms underlying nutritional programming would aid in the design of new disease prevention strategies. 25701343 11 20 theme microbiotal 1845:1855 arg1 modulator 1857:1865 the preweaning microbiotal modulator 1830:1865 the preweaning microbiotal modulator 1830:1865 CONCLUSIONS As revealed by a targeted quantitative polymerase chain reaction approach, programming of adult intestinal microbiota seems to vary according to the nature of the preweaning microbiotal modulator. 25701343 5 21 theme galacto-oligosaccharides/long-chain 829:863 arg1 mix 873:875 galacto-oligosaccharides/long-chain fructan mix 829:875 galacto-oligosaccharides/long-chain fructan mix (GOS/lcF, 9/1) 829:890 METHODS Suckling rats pups were supplemented with fructo-oligosaccharides, galacto-oligosaccharides/long-chain fructan mix (GOS/lcF, 9/1), acidic oligosaccharides, amoxicillin, or vehicle from the fifth to the fourteenth day of life, and weaned to standard chow at day 21. 25701343 6 22 theme Ceco-colonic 1027:1038 arg1 microbiota 1040:1049 Ceco-colonic microbiota 1027:1049 Ceco-colonic microbiota 1027:1049 Ceco-colonic microbiota was characterized at 14 and 131 d by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. 25701343 3 23 from player 403:408 arg1 programming 418:428 this programming 413:428 this programming 413:428 The intestinal microbiota could be a key player in this programming because it affects host metabolic homeostasis, postnatal gut colonization is sensitive to early nutrition, and initial microbial set-up is thought to shape microbiota composition for life. 25701343 1 24 theme OBJECTIVE 141:149 arg1 evidence 162:169 OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence 141:169 OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence 141:169 OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence suggests that early nutrition has programming effects on adult health. 25701343 0 25 theme adult 115:119 arg1 microbiota 121:130 adult microbiota 115:130 adult microbiota 115:130 Preweaning modulation of intestinal microbiota by oligosaccharides or amoxicillin can contribute to programming of adult microbiota in rats. 25701343 6 26 theme chain 1109:1113 arg1 reaction 1115:1122 real-time polymerase chain reaction 1088:1122 real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis 1088:1131 Ceco-colonic microbiota was characterized at 14 and 131 d by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. 25701343 3 27 theme intestinal 366:375 arg1 player 403:408 a key player 397:408 a key player 397:408 The intestinal microbiota could be a key player in this programming because it affects host metabolic homeostasis, postnatal gut colonization is sensitive to early nutrition, and initial microbial set-up is thought to shape microbiota composition for life. 25701343 3 27 theme intestinal 366:375 arg1 microbiota 377:386 The intestinal microbiota 362:386 The intestinal microbiota 362:386 The intestinal microbiota could be a key player in this programming because it affects host metabolic homeostasis, postnatal gut colonization is sensitive to early nutrition, and initial microbial set-up is thought to shape microbiota composition for life. 25701343 3 28 theme metabolic 454:462 arg1 homeostasis 464:474 host metabolic homeostasis 449:474 host metabolic homeostasis 449:474 The intestinal microbiota could be a key player in this programming because it affects host metabolic homeostasis, postnatal gut colonization is sensitive to early nutrition, and initial microbial set-up is thought to shape microbiota composition for life. 25701343 0 29 theme Preweaning 0:9 arg1 modulation 11:20 Preweaning modulation 0:20 Preweaning modulation of intestinal microbiota by oligosaccharides or amoxicillin 0:80 Preweaning modulation of intestinal microbiota by oligosaccharides or amoxicillin can contribute to programming of adult microbiota in rats. 25701343 12 30 theme neonatal 1969:1976 arg1 nutrition 1978:1986 neonatal nutrition 1969:1986 neonatal nutrition 1969:1986 This suggests that intestinal microbiota may, only under specific circumstances, serve as a relay of neonatal nutrition and thus potentially contribute to nutritional programming of host physiology. 25701343 11 31 theme microbiota 1778:1787 arg1 programming 1746:1756 programming 1746:1756 programming of adult intestinal microbiota 1746:1787 CONCLUSIONS As revealed by a targeted quantitative polymerase chain reaction approach, programming of adult intestinal microbiota seems to vary according to the nature of the preweaning microbiotal modulator. 25701343 10 32 theme intestinalis 1554:1565 arg1 cluster 1567:1573 Roseburia intestinalis cluster 1544:1573 Roseburia intestinalis cluster 1544:1573 At day 131, most of these effects had faded away but a significant, albeit minor, adult microbiota programming was observed for rats that received GOS/lcF mix before weaning, regarding Roseburia intestinalis cluster, one subdivision of the Erysipelotrichaceae family as well as butyrate kinase gene. 25701343 10 32 theme intestinalis 1554:1565 arg1 subdivision 1580:1590 one subdivision 1576:1590 one subdivision of the Erysipelotrichaceae family 1576:1624 At day 131, most of these effects had faded away but a significant, albeit minor, adult microbiota programming was observed for rats that received GOS/lcF mix before weaning, regarding Roseburia intestinalis cluster, one subdivision of the Erysipelotrichaceae family as well as butyrate kinase gene. 25701343 1 33 contain has 201:203 arg1 nutrition 191:199 early nutrition 185:199 early nutrition 185:199 OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence suggests that early nutrition has programming effects on adult health. 25701343 1 33 contain has 201:203 arg2 effects 217:223 programming effects 205:223 programming effects 205:223 OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence suggests that early nutrition has programming effects on adult health. 25701343 3 34 theme gut 487:489 arg1 colonization 491:502 postnatal gut colonization 477:502 postnatal gut colonization 477:502 The intestinal microbiota could be a key player in this programming because it affects host metabolic homeostasis, postnatal gut colonization is sensitive to early nutrition, and initial microbial set-up is thought to shape microbiota composition for life. 25701343 0 35 theme microbiota 36:45 arg1 modulation 11:20 Preweaning modulation 0:20 Preweaning modulation of intestinal microbiota by oligosaccharides or amoxicillin 0:80 Preweaning modulation of intestinal microbiota by oligosaccharides or amoxicillin can contribute to programming of adult microbiota in rats. 25701343 11 36 theme adult 1761:1765 arg1 microbiota 1778:1787 adult intestinal microbiota 1761:1787 adult intestinal microbiota 1761:1787 CONCLUSIONS As revealed by a targeted quantitative polymerase chain reaction approach, programming of adult intestinal microbiota seems to vary according to the nature of the preweaning microbiotal modulator. 25701343 12 37 theme specific 1925:1932 arg1 circumstances 1934:1946 specific circumstances 1925:1946 specific circumstances 1925:1946 This suggests that intestinal microbiota may, only under specific circumstances, serve as a relay of neonatal nutrition and thus potentially contribute to nutritional programming of host physiology. 25701343 10 38 theme family 1619:1624 arg1 cluster 1567:1573 Roseburia intestinalis cluster 1544:1573 Roseburia intestinalis cluster 1544:1573 At day 131, most of these effects had faded away but a significant, albeit minor, adult microbiota programming was observed for rats that received GOS/lcF mix before weaning, regarding Roseburia intestinalis cluster, one subdivision of the Erysipelotrichaceae family as well as butyrate kinase gene. 25701343 10 38 theme family 1619:1624 arg1 subdivision 1580:1590 one subdivision 1576:1590 one subdivision of the Erysipelotrichaceae family 1576:1624 At day 131, most of these effects had faded away but a significant, albeit minor, adult microbiota programming was observed for rats that received GOS/lcF mix before weaning, regarding Roseburia intestinalis cluster, one subdivision of the Erysipelotrichaceae family as well as butyrate kinase gene. 25701343 10 39 theme significant 1414:1424 arg1 programming 1458:1468 a significant, albeit minor, adult microbiota programming 1412:1468 a significant, albeit minor, adult microbiota programming 1412:1468 At day 131, most of these effects had faded away but a significant, albeit minor, adult microbiota programming was observed for rats that received GOS/lcF mix before weaning, regarding Roseburia intestinalis cluster, one subdivision of the Erysipelotrichaceae family as well as butyrate kinase gene. 25701343 3 40 theme microbial 549:557 arg1 set-up 559:564 initial microbial set-up 541:564 initial microbial set-up 541:564 The intestinal microbiota could be a key player in this programming because it affects host metabolic homeostasis, postnatal gut colonization is sensitive to early nutrition, and initial microbial set-up is thought to shape microbiota composition for life. 25701343 11 41 theme chain 1721:1725 arg1 reaction 1727:1734 a targeted quantitative polymerase chain reaction 1686:1734 a targeted quantitative polymerase chain reaction approach 1686:1743 CONCLUSIONS As revealed by a targeted quantitative polymerase chain reaction approach, programming of adult intestinal microbiota seems to vary according to the nature of the preweaning microbiotal modulator. 25701343 4 42 from microbiota 734:743 arg1 rats 748:751 rats 748:751 rats 748:751 The aim of this study was to determine whether early manipulation of intestinal microbiota actually programs adult microbiota in rats. 25701343 10 43 theme butyrate 1637:1644 arg1 gene 1653:1656 butyrate kinase gene 1637:1656 Roseburia intestinalis cluster, one subdivision of the Erysipelotrichaceae family as well as butyrate kinase gene 1544:1656 At day 131, most of these effects had faded away but a significant, albeit minor, adult microbiota programming was observed for rats that received GOS/lcF mix before weaning, regarding Roseburia intestinalis cluster, one subdivision of the Erysipelotrichaceae family as well as butyrate kinase gene. 25701343 11 44 theme quantitative 1697:1708 arg1 reaction 1727:1734 a targeted quantitative polymerase chain reaction 1686:1734 a targeted quantitative polymerase chain reaction approach 1686:1743 CONCLUSIONS As revealed by a targeted quantitative polymerase chain reaction approach, programming of adult intestinal microbiota seems to vary according to the nature of the preweaning microbiotal modulator. 25701343 12 45 dep serve 1949:1953 arg1 contribute 2009:2018 contribute 2009:2018 contribute to nutritional programming of host physiology 2009:2064 This suggests that intestinal microbiota may, only under specific circumstances, serve as a relay of neonatal nutrition and thus potentially contribute to nutritional programming of host physiology. 25701343 1 46 theme early 185:189 arg1 nutrition 191:199 early nutrition 185:199 early nutrition 185:199 OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence suggests that early nutrition has programming effects on adult health. 25701343 8 47 theme significant 1214:1224 arg1 effect 1226:1231 the most significant effect 1205:1231 the most significant effect 1205:1231 Amoxicillin had the most significant effect. 25701343 2 48 theme strategies 350:359 arg1 design 317:322 the design 313:322 the design of new disease prevention strategies 313:359 Identifying mechanisms underlying nutritional programming would aid in the design of new disease prevention strategies. 25701343 10 49 dep significant 1414:1424 arg1 albeit 1427:1432 albeit 1427:1432 albeit 1427:1432 At day 131, most of these effects had faded away but a significant, albeit minor, adult microbiota programming was observed for rats that received GOS/lcF mix before weaning, regarding Roseburia intestinalis cluster, one subdivision of the Erysipelotrichaceae family as well as butyrate kinase gene. 25701343 10 49 dep significant 1414:1424 arg1 adult 1441:1445 adult 1441:1445 adult 1441:1445 At day 131, most of these effects had faded away but a significant, albeit minor, adult microbiota programming was observed for rats that received GOS/lcF mix before weaning, regarding Roseburia intestinalis cluster, one subdivision of the Erysipelotrichaceae family as well as butyrate kinase gene. 25701343 10 49 dep significant 1414:1424 arg1 minor 1434:1438 minor 1434:1438 minor 1434:1438 At day 131, most of these effects had faded away but a significant, albeit minor, adult microbiota programming was observed for rats that received GOS/lcF mix before weaning, regarding Roseburia intestinalis cluster, one subdivision of the Erysipelotrichaceae family as well as butyrate kinase gene. 25701343 12 50 theme host 2050:2053 arg1 physiology 2055:2064 host physiology 2050:2064 host physiology 2050:2064 This suggests that intestinal microbiota may, only under specific circumstances, serve as a relay of neonatal nutrition and thus potentially contribute to nutritional programming of host physiology. 25701343 5 51 dep mix 873:875 arg1 9/1 887:889 9/1 887:889 9/1 887:889 METHODS Suckling rats pups were supplemented with fructo-oligosaccharides, galacto-oligosaccharides/long-chain fructan mix (GOS/lcF, 9/1), acidic oligosaccharides, amoxicillin, or vehicle from the fifth to the fourteenth day of life, and weaned to standard chow at day 21. 25701343 5 51 dep mix 873:875 arg1 GOS/lcF 878:884 GOS/lcF 878:884 GOS/lcF 878:884 METHODS Suckling rats pups were supplemented with fructo-oligosaccharides, galacto-oligosaccharides/long-chain fructan mix (GOS/lcF, 9/1), acidic oligosaccharides, amoxicillin, or vehicle from the fifth to the fourteenth day of life, and weaned to standard chow at day 21. 25701343 4 52 theme microbiota 699:708 arg1 manipulation 672:683 early manipulation 666:683 early manipulation of intestinal microbiota 666:708 The aim of this study was to determine whether early manipulation of intestinal microbiota actually programs adult microbiota in rats. 25701343 10 53 theme microbiota 1447:1456 arg1 programming 1458:1468 a significant, albeit minor, adult microbiota programming 1412:1468 a significant, albeit minor, adult microbiota programming 1412:1468 At day 131, most of these effects had faded away but a significant, albeit minor, adult microbiota programming was observed for rats that received GOS/lcF mix before weaning, regarding Roseburia intestinalis cluster, one subdivision of the Erysipelotrichaceae family as well as butyrate kinase gene. 25701343 2 54 theme disease 331:337 arg1 strategies 350:359 new disease prevention strategies 327:359 new disease prevention strategies 327:359 Identifying mechanisms underlying nutritional programming would aid in the design of new disease prevention strategies. 25701343 5 55 theme acidic 893:898 arg1 oligosaccharides 900:915 acidic oligosaccharides 893:915 acidic oligosaccharides 893:915 METHODS Suckling rats pups were supplemented with fructo-oligosaccharides, galacto-oligosaccharides/long-chain fructan mix (GOS/lcF, 9/1), acidic oligosaccharides, amoxicillin, or vehicle from the fifth to the fourteenth day of life, and weaned to standard chow at day 21. 25701343 1 56 theme adult 228:232 arg1 health 234:239 adult health 228:239 adult health 228:239 OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence suggests that early nutrition has programming effects on adult health. 25701343 4 57 theme early 666:670 arg1 manipulation 672:683 early manipulation 666:683 early manipulation of intestinal microbiota 666:708 The aim of this study was to determine whether early manipulation of intestinal microbiota actually programs adult microbiota in rats. 25701343 5 58 theme fourteenth 964:973 arg1 day 975:977 the fourteenth day 960:977 the fourteenth day of life 960:985 METHODS Suckling rats pups were supplemented with fructo-oligosaccharides, galacto-oligosaccharides/long-chain fructan mix (GOS/lcF, 9/1), acidic oligosaccharides, amoxicillin, or vehicle from the fifth to the fourteenth day of life, and weaned to standard chow at day 21. 25701343 3 59 theme microbiota 586:595 arg1 composition 597:607 microbiota composition 586:607 microbiota composition for life 586:616 The intestinal microbiota could be a key player in this programming because it affects host metabolic homeostasis, postnatal gut colonization is sensitive to early nutrition, and initial microbial set-up is thought to shape microbiota composition for life. 25701343 6 60 theme 14 1072:1073 arg1 d 1083:1083 14 and 131 d 1072:1083 d 1083:1083 Ceco-colonic microbiota was characterized at 14 and 131 d by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. 25701343 1 61 theme Increasing 151:160 arg1 evidence 162:169 OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence 141:169 OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence 141:169 OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence suggests that early nutrition has programming effects on adult health. 25701343 11 62 theme modulator 1857:1865 arg1 nature 1820:1825 the nature 1816:1825 the nature of the preweaning microbiotal modulator 1816:1865 CONCLUSIONS As revealed by a targeted quantitative polymerase chain reaction approach, programming of adult intestinal microbiota seems to vary according to the nature of the preweaning microbiotal modulator. 25701343 5 63 theme standard 1002:1009 arg1 chow 1011:1014 standard chow 1002:1014 standard chow 1002:1014 METHODS Suckling rats pups were supplemented with fructo-oligosaccharides, galacto-oligosaccharides/long-chain fructan mix (GOS/lcF, 9/1), acidic oligosaccharides, amoxicillin, or vehicle from the fifth to the fourteenth day of life, and weaned to standard chow at day 21. 25701343 9 64 dep decreased 1255:1263 arg1 whereas 1284:1290 whereas 1284:1290 whereas 1284:1290 All oligosaccharides decreased Firmicutes levels, whereas only fructo-oligosaccharides and GOS/lcF increased bifidobacteria. 25701343 3 65 theme key 399:401 arg1 player 403:408 a key player 397:408 a key player 397:408 The intestinal microbiota could be a key player in this programming because it affects host metabolic homeostasis, postnatal gut colonization is sensitive to early nutrition, and initial microbial set-up is thought to shape microbiota composition for life. 25701343 3 65 theme key 399:401 arg1 microbiota 377:386 The intestinal microbiota 362:386 The intestinal microbiota 362:386 The intestinal microbiota could be a key player in this programming because it affects host metabolic homeostasis, postnatal gut colonization is sensitive to early nutrition, and initial microbial set-up is thought to shape microbiota composition for life. 25701343 11 66 theme preweaning 1834:1843 arg1 modulator 1857:1865 the preweaning microbiotal modulator 1830:1865 the preweaning microbiotal modulator 1830:1865 CONCLUSIONS As revealed by a targeted quantitative polymerase chain reaction approach, programming of adult intestinal microbiota seems to vary according to the nature of the preweaning microbiotal modulator. 25701343 0 67 theme microbiota 121:130 arg1 programming 100:110 programming 100:110 programming of adult microbiota in rats 100:138 Preweaning modulation of intestinal microbiota by oligosaccharides or amoxicillin can contribute to programming of adult microbiota in rats. 25701343 5 68 from fifth 951:955 arg1 fructo-oligosaccharides 804:826 fructo-oligosaccharides 804:826 fructo-oligosaccharides 804:826 METHODS Suckling rats pups were supplemented with fructo-oligosaccharides, galacto-oligosaccharides/long-chain fructan mix (GOS/lcF, 9/1), acidic oligosaccharides, amoxicillin, or vehicle from the fifth to the fourteenth day of life, and weaned to standard chow at day 21. 25701343 5 68 from fifth 951:955 arg1 amoxicillin 918:928 amoxicillin 918:928 amoxicillin 918:928 METHODS Suckling rats pups were supplemented with fructo-oligosaccharides, galacto-oligosaccharides/long-chain fructan mix (GOS/lcF, 9/1), acidic oligosaccharides, amoxicillin, or vehicle from the fifth to the fourteenth day of life, and weaned to standard chow at day 21. 25701343 5 68 from fifth 951:955 arg1 vehicle 934:940 vehicle 934:940 vehicle from the fifth to the fourteenth day of life 934:985 METHODS Suckling rats pups were supplemented with fructo-oligosaccharides, galacto-oligosaccharides/long-chain fructan mix (GOS/lcF, 9/1), acidic oligosaccharides, amoxicillin, or vehicle from the fifth to the fourteenth day of life, and weaned to standard chow at day 21. 25701343 5 68 from fifth 951:955 arg1 mix 873:875 galacto-oligosaccharides/long-chain fructan mix 829:875 galacto-oligosaccharides/long-chain fructan mix (GOS/lcF, 9/1) 829:890 METHODS Suckling rats pups were supplemented with fructo-oligosaccharides, galacto-oligosaccharides/long-chain fructan mix (GOS/lcF, 9/1), acidic oligosaccharides, amoxicillin, or vehicle from the fifth to the fourteenth day of life, and weaned to standard chow at day 21. 25701343 5 68 from fifth 951:955 arg1 oligosaccharides 900:915 acidic oligosaccharides 893:915 acidic oligosaccharides 893:915 METHODS Suckling rats pups were supplemented with fructo-oligosaccharides, galacto-oligosaccharides/long-chain fructan mix (GOS/lcF, 9/1), acidic oligosaccharides, amoxicillin, or vehicle from the fifth to the fourteenth day of life, and weaned to standard chow at day 21. 25701343 6 69 theme reaction 1115:1122 arg1 analysis 1124:1131 real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis 1088:1131 real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis 1088:1131 Ceco-colonic microbiota was characterized at 14 and 131 d by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. 25701343 3 70 theme postnatal 477:485 arg1 colonization 491:502 postnatal gut colonization 477:502 postnatal gut colonization 477:502 The intestinal microbiota could be a key player in this programming because it affects host metabolic homeostasis, postnatal gut colonization is sensitive to early nutrition, and initial microbial set-up is thought to shape microbiota composition for life. 25701343 12 71 theme nutrition 1978:1986 arg1 microbiota 1898:1907 intestinal microbiota 1887:1907 intestinal microbiota 1887:1907 This suggests that intestinal microbiota may, only under specific circumstances, serve as a relay of neonatal nutrition and thus potentially contribute to nutritional programming of host physiology. 25701343 12 71 theme nutrition 1978:1986 arg1 relay 1960:1964 a relay 1958:1964 a relay of neonatal nutrition 1958:1986 This suggests that intestinal microbiota may, only under specific circumstances, serve as a relay of neonatal nutrition and thus potentially contribute to nutritional programming of host physiology. 25701343 6 72 theme polymerase 1098:1107 arg1 reaction 1115:1122 real-time polymerase chain reaction 1088:1122 real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis 1088:1131 Ceco-colonic microbiota was characterized at 14 and 131 d by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. 25701343 10 73 theme GOS/lcF 1506:1512 arg1 mix 1514:1516 GOS/lcF mix 1506:1516 GOS/lcF mix 1506:1516 At day 131, most of these effects had faded away but a significant, albeit minor, adult microbiota programming was observed for rats that received GOS/lcF mix before weaning, regarding Roseburia intestinalis cluster, one subdivision of the Erysipelotrichaceae family as well as butyrate kinase gene. 25701343 0 74 theme intestinal 25:34 arg1 microbiota 36:45 intestinal microbiota 25:45 intestinal microbiota 25:45 Preweaning modulation of intestinal microbiota by oligosaccharides or amoxicillin can contribute to programming of adult microbiota in rats. 25701343 10 75 theme Roseburia 1544:1552 arg1 cluster 1567:1573 Roseburia intestinalis cluster 1544:1573 Roseburia intestinalis cluster 1544:1573 At day 131, most of these effects had faded away but a significant, albeit minor, adult microbiota programming was observed for rats that received GOS/lcF mix before weaning, regarding Roseburia intestinalis cluster, one subdivision of the Erysipelotrichaceae family as well as butyrate kinase gene. 25701343 10 75 theme Roseburia 1544:1552 arg1 subdivision 1580:1590 one subdivision 1576:1590 one subdivision of the Erysipelotrichaceae family 1576:1624 At day 131, most of these effects had faded away but a significant, albeit minor, adult microbiota programming was observed for rats that received GOS/lcF mix before weaning, regarding Roseburia intestinalis cluster, one subdivision of the Erysipelotrichaceae family as well as butyrate kinase gene. 25701343 11 76 theme intestinal 1767:1776 arg1 microbiota 1778:1787 adult intestinal microbiota 1761:1787 adult intestinal microbiota 1761:1787 CONCLUSIONS As revealed by a targeted quantitative polymerase chain reaction approach, programming of adult intestinal microbiota seems to vary according to the nature of the preweaning microbiotal modulator. 25701343 5 77 theme fructan 865:871 arg1 mix 873:875 galacto-oligosaccharides/long-chain fructan mix 829:875 galacto-oligosaccharides/long-chain fructan mix (GOS/lcF, 9/1) 829:890 METHODS Suckling rats pups were supplemented with fructo-oligosaccharides, galacto-oligosaccharides/long-chain fructan mix (GOS/lcF, 9/1), acidic oligosaccharides, amoxicillin, or vehicle from the fifth to the fourteenth day of life, and weaned to standard chow at day 21. 25701343 6 78 theme 131 1079:1081 arg1 d 1083:1083 14 and 131 d 1072:1083 d 1083:1083 Ceco-colonic microbiota was characterized at 14 and 131 d by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. 25701343 3 79 theme host 449:452 arg1 homeostasis 464:474 host metabolic homeostasis 449:474 host metabolic homeostasis 449:474 The intestinal microbiota could be a key player in this programming because it affects host metabolic homeostasis, postnatal gut colonization is sensitive to early nutrition, and initial microbial set-up is thought to shape microbiota composition for life. 25701343 7 80 from day 1145:1147 arg1 RESULTS 1134:1140 RESULTS 1134:1140 RESULTS At day 14 1134:1150 RESULTS At day 14, all treatments affected microbiota. 25701343 12 81 theme intestinal 1887:1896 arg1 microbiota 1898:1907 intestinal microbiota 1887:1907 intestinal microbiota 1887:1907 This suggests that intestinal microbiota may, only under specific circumstances, serve as a relay of neonatal nutrition and thus potentially contribute to nutritional programming of host physiology. 25701343 12 81 theme intestinal 1887:1896 arg1 relay 1960:1964 a relay 1958:1964 a relay of neonatal nutrition 1958:1986 This suggests that intestinal microbiota may, only under specific circumstances, serve as a relay of neonatal nutrition and thus potentially contribute to nutritional programming of host physiology. 25701343 4 82 theme study 635:639 arg1 aim 623:625 The aim 619:625 The aim of this study 619:639 The aim of this study was to determine whether early manipulation of intestinal microbiota actually programs adult microbiota in rats. 25701343 3 83 theme early 520:524 arg1 nutrition 526:534 early nutrition 520:534 early nutrition 520:534 The intestinal microbiota could be a key player in this programming because it affects host metabolic homeostasis, postnatal gut colonization is sensitive to early nutrition, and initial microbial set-up is thought to shape microbiota composition for life. 25701343 10 84 theme Erysipelotrichaceae 1599:1617 arg1 family 1619:1624 the Erysipelotrichaceae family 1595:1624 the Erysipelotrichaceae family 1595:1624 At day 131, most of these effects had faded away but a significant, albeit minor, adult microbiota programming was observed for rats that received GOS/lcF mix before weaning, regarding Roseburia intestinalis cluster, one subdivision of the Erysipelotrichaceae family as well as butyrate kinase gene. 25701343 11 85 theme polymerase 1710:1719 arg1 reaction 1727:1734 a targeted quantitative polymerase chain reaction 1686:1734 a targeted quantitative polymerase chain reaction approach 1686:1743 CONCLUSIONS As revealed by a targeted quantitative polymerase chain reaction approach, programming of adult intestinal microbiota seems to vary according to the nature of the preweaning microbiotal modulator. 26500890 8 0 with tumors 1310:1315 arg1 recurrence 1322:1331 recurrence 1322:1331 recurrence 1322:1331 These results suggest that mucin O-glycans from tumors with recurrence might mimic a healthier physiological situation, hence deceiving the immune defense system. 26500890 7 1 theme glycosylation 1208:1220 arg1 profile 1222:1228 glycosylation profile 1208:1228 glycosylation profile 1208:1228 However, with the notable exception of sialyl Tn antigens, tumors with recurrence presented a milder alteration of glycosylation profile than tumors without recurrence. 26500890 1 2 theme second 255:260 arg1 cause 262:266 the second cause 251:266 the second cause of cancer-related death worldwide 251:300 Although colorectal cancer is a preventable and curable disease if early stage tumors are removed, it still represents the second cause of cancer-related death worldwide. 26500890 2 3 theme risks 484:488 arg1 invasiveness 453:464 the invasiveness 449:464 the invasiveness of the cancer and risks of recurrence 449:502 Surgical resection is the only curative treatment but once operated the patient is either subjected to adjuvant chemotherapy or not, depending on the invasiveness of the cancer and risks of recurrence. 26500890 8 4 from tumors 1310:1315 arg1 O-glycans 1295:1303 mucin O-glycans 1289:1303 mucin O-glycans from tumors with recurrence 1289:1331 These results suggest that mucin O-glycans from tumors with recurrence might mimic a healthier physiological situation, hence deceiving the immune defense system. 26500890 2 5 theme operated 362:369 arg1 patient 375:381 the patient 371:381 once operated the patient 357:381 Surgical resection is the only curative treatment but once operated the patient is either subjected to adjuvant chemotherapy or not, depending on the invasiveness of the cancer and risks of recurrence. 26500890 5 6 from tumors 931:936 arg1 level 871:875 the level 867:875 the level of expression of sialylated core 3-based O-glycans in tumors 867:936 The obtained data showed an important decrease in the level of expression of sialylated core 3-based O-glycans in tumors correlated with an increase in sialylated core 1 structures. 26500890 0 7 theme Tumor 114:118 arg1 Recurrence 120:129 Colorectal Tumor Recurrence 103:129 Colorectal Tumor Recurrence 103:129 Structural Characterization of Mucin O-Glycosylation May Provide Important Information to Help Prevent Colorectal Tumor Recurrence. 26500890 3 8 theme grades 665:670 arg1 tumors 639:644 colorectal tumors 628:644 colorectal tumors of various stages, grades, and recurrence status 628:693 In this context, we investigated, by mass spectrometry (MS), alterations in the repertoire of glycosylation of mucins from colorectal tumors of various stages, grades, and recurrence status. 26500890 4 9 theme healthy 799:805 arg1 controls 807:814 healthy controls 799:814 healthy controls 799:814 Tumors were also compared with their counterparts in resection margins from the same patients and with healthy controls. 26500890 2 10 theme Surgical 303:310 arg1 treatment 343:351 the only curative treatment 325:351 the only curative treatment 325:351 Surgical resection is the only curative treatment but once operated the patient is either subjected to adjuvant chemotherapy or not, depending on the invasiveness of the cancer and risks of recurrence. 26500890 2 10 theme Surgical 303:310 arg1 resection 312:320 Surgical resection 303:320 Surgical resection 303:320 Surgical resection is the only curative treatment but once operated the patient is either subjected to adjuvant chemotherapy or not, depending on the invasiveness of the cancer and risks of recurrence. 26500890 0 11 theme Colorectal 103:112 arg1 Recurrence 120:129 Colorectal Tumor Recurrence 103:129 Colorectal Tumor Recurrence 103:129 Structural Characterization of Mucin O-Glycosylation May Provide Important Information to Help Prevent Colorectal Tumor Recurrence. 26500890 4 12 from counterparts 733:744 arg1 margins 759:765 resection margins 749:765 resection margins from the same patients 749:788 Tumors were also compared with their counterparts in resection margins from the same patients and with healthy controls. 26500890 4 12 from counterparts 733:744 arg1 patients 781:788 the same patients 772:788 the same patients 772:788 Tumors were also compared with their counterparts in resection margins from the same patients and with healthy controls. 26500890 1 13 theme cancer-related 271:284 arg1 worldwide 292:300 cancer-related death worldwide 271:300 cancer-related death worldwide 271:300 Although colorectal cancer is a preventable and curable disease if early stage tumors are removed, it still represents the second cause of cancer-related death worldwide. 26500890 5 14 from level 871:875 arg1 tumors 931:936 tumors 931:936 tumors 931:936 The obtained data showed an important decrease in the level of expression of sialylated core 3-based O-glycans in tumors correlated with an increase in sialylated core 1 structures. 26500890 6 15 theme tumor 1052:1056 arg1 samples 1058:1064 the tumor samples 1048:1064 the tumor samples 1048:1064 No correlation was established between stages of the tumor samples and mucin O-glycosylation. 26500890 4 16 theme resection 749:757 arg1 margins 759:765 resection margins 749:765 resection margins from the same patients 749:788 Tumors were also compared with their counterparts in resection margins from the same patients and with healthy controls. 26500890 2 17 theme adjuvant 406:413 arg1 chemotherapy 415:426 adjuvant chemotherapy 406:426 adjuvant chemotherapy 406:426 Surgical resection is the only curative treatment but once operated the patient is either subjected to adjuvant chemotherapy or not, depending on the invasiveness of the cancer and risks of recurrence. 26500890 7 18 theme notable 1111:1117 arg1 exception 1119:1127 the notable exception 1107:1127 the notable exception of sialyl Tn antigens 1107:1149 However, with the notable exception of sialyl Tn antigens, tumors with recurrence presented a milder alteration of glycosylation profile than tumors without recurrence. 26500890 3 19 theme recurrence 677:686 arg1 status 688:693 recurrence status 677:693 recurrence status 677:693 In this context, we investigated, by mass spectrometry (MS), alterations in the repertoire of glycosylation of mucins from colorectal tumors of various stages, grades, and recurrence status. 26500890 7 20 theme profile 1222:1228 arg1 alteration 1194:1203 a milder alteration 1185:1203 a milder alteration of glycosylation profile 1185:1228 However, with the notable exception of sialyl Tn antigens, tumors with recurrence presented a milder alteration of glycosylation profile than tumors without recurrence. 26500890 5 21 from increase 957:964 arg1 structures 987:996 sialylated core 1 structures 969:996 sialylated core 1 structures 969:996 The obtained data showed an important decrease in the level of expression of sialylated core 3-based O-glycans in tumors correlated with an increase in sialylated core 1 structures. 26500890 7 22 theme antigens 1142:1149 arg1 exception 1119:1127 the notable exception 1107:1127 the notable exception of sialyl Tn antigens 1107:1149 However, with the notable exception of sialyl Tn antigens, tumors with recurrence presented a milder alteration of glycosylation profile than tumors without recurrence. 26500890 3 23 theme status 688:693 arg1 tumors 639:644 colorectal tumors 628:644 colorectal tumors of various stages, grades, and recurrence status 628:693 In this context, we investigated, by mass spectrometry (MS), alterations in the repertoire of glycosylation of mucins from colorectal tumors of various stages, grades, and recurrence status. 26500890 7 24 theme milder 1187:1192 arg1 alteration 1194:1203 a milder alteration 1185:1203 a milder alteration of glycosylation profile 1185:1228 However, with the notable exception of sialyl Tn antigens, tumors with recurrence presented a milder alteration of glycosylation profile than tumors without recurrence. 26500890 5 25 theme sialylated 969:978 arg1 structures 987:996 sialylated core 1 structures 969:996 sialylated core 1 structures 969:996 The obtained data showed an important decrease in the level of expression of sialylated core 3-based O-glycans in tumors correlated with an increase in sialylated core 1 structures. 26500890 5 26 theme core 905:908 arg1 O-glycans 918:926 sialylated core 3-based O-glycans 894:926 sialylated core 3-based O-glycans 894:926 The obtained data showed an important decrease in the level of expression of sialylated core 3-based O-glycans in tumors correlated with an increase in sialylated core 1 structures. 26500890 3 27 from glycosylation 599:611 arg1 tumors 639:644 colorectal tumors 628:644 colorectal tumors of various stages, grades, and recurrence status 628:693 In this context, we investigated, by mass spectrometry (MS), alterations in the repertoire of glycosylation of mucins from colorectal tumors of various stages, grades, and recurrence status. 26500890 1 28 theme early 199:203 arg1 tumors 211:216 early stage tumors 199:216 early stage tumors 199:216 Although colorectal cancer is a preventable and curable disease if early stage tumors are removed, it still represents the second cause of cancer-related death worldwide. 26500890 0 29 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 Characterization 11:26 Structural Characterization 0:26 Structural Characterization of Mucin O-Glycosylation 0:51 Structural Characterization of Mucin O-Glycosylation May Provide Important Information to Help Prevent Colorectal Tumor Recurrence. 26500890 1 30 theme death 286:290 arg1 worldwide 292:300 cancer-related death worldwide 271:300 cancer-related death worldwide 271:300 Although colorectal cancer is a preventable and curable disease if early stage tumors are removed, it still represents the second cause of cancer-related death worldwide. 26500890 5 31 theme 3-based 910:916 arg1 O-glycans 918:926 sialylated core 3-based O-glycans 894:926 sialylated core 3-based O-glycans 894:926 The obtained data showed an important decrease in the level of expression of sialylated core 3-based O-glycans in tumors correlated with an increase in sialylated core 1 structures. 26500890 8 32 theme defense 1409:1415 arg1 system 1417:1422 the immune defense system 1398:1422 the immune defense system 1398:1422 These results suggest that mucin O-glycans from tumors with recurrence might mimic a healthier physiological situation, hence deceiving the immune defense system. 26500890 1 33 theme stage 205:209 arg1 tumors 211:216 early stage tumors 199:216 early stage tumors 199:216 Although colorectal cancer is a preventable and curable disease if early stage tumors are removed, it still represents the second cause of cancer-related death worldwide. 26500890 0 34 theme Mucin 31:35 arg1 O-Glycosylation 37:51 Mucin O-Glycosylation 31:51 Mucin O-Glycosylation 31:51 Structural Characterization of Mucin O-Glycosylation May Provide Important Information to Help Prevent Colorectal Tumor Recurrence. 26500890 1 35 theme worldwide 292:300 arg1 cause 262:266 the second cause 251:266 the second cause of cancer-related death worldwide 251:300 Although colorectal cancer is a preventable and curable disease if early stage tumors are removed, it still represents the second cause of cancer-related death worldwide. 26500890 5 36 from decrease 855:862 arg1 level 871:875 the level 867:875 the level of expression of sialylated core 3-based O-glycans in tumors 867:936 The obtained data showed an important decrease in the level of expression of sialylated core 3-based O-glycans in tumors correlated with an increase in sialylated core 1 structures. 26500890 5 37 theme sialylated 894:903 arg1 O-glycans 918:926 sialylated core 3-based O-glycans 894:926 sialylated core 3-based O-glycans 894:926 The obtained data showed an important decrease in the level of expression of sialylated core 3-based O-glycans in tumors correlated with an increase in sialylated core 1 structures. 26500890 3 38 theme mass 542:545 arg1 spectrometry 547:558 mass spectrometry 542:558 mass spectrometry (MS) 542:563 In this context, we investigated, by mass spectrometry (MS), alterations in the repertoire of glycosylation of mucins from colorectal tumors of various stages, grades, and recurrence status. 26500890 3 38 theme mass 542:545 arg1 MS 561:562 MS 561:562 MS 561:562 In this context, we investigated, by mass spectrometry (MS), alterations in the repertoire of glycosylation of mucins from colorectal tumors of various stages, grades, and recurrence status. 26500890 5 39 from expression 880:889 arg1 tumors 931:936 tumors 931:936 tumors 931:936 The obtained data showed an important decrease in the level of expression of sialylated core 3-based O-glycans in tumors correlated with an increase in sialylated core 1 structures. 26500890 7 40 theme Tn 1139:1140 arg1 antigens 1142:1149 sialyl Tn antigens 1132:1149 sialyl Tn antigens 1132:1149 However, with the notable exception of sialyl Tn antigens, tumors with recurrence presented a milder alteration of glycosylation profile than tumors without recurrence. 26500890 4 41 with counterparts 733:744 arg1 controls 807:814 healthy controls 799:814 healthy controls 799:814 Tumors were also compared with their counterparts in resection margins from the same patients and with healthy controls. 26500890 1 42 theme curable 180:186 arg1 cancer 152:157 colorectal cancer 141:157 colorectal cancer 141:157 Although colorectal cancer is a preventable and curable disease if early stage tumors are removed, it still represents the second cause of cancer-related death worldwide. 26500890 1 42 theme curable 180:186 arg1 disease 188:194 a preventable and curable disease 162:194 a preventable and curable disease if early stage tumors are removed 162:228 Although colorectal cancer is a preventable and curable disease if early stage tumors are removed, it still represents the second cause of cancer-related death worldwide. 26500890 3 43 from alterations 566:576 arg1 repertoire 585:594 the repertoire 581:594 the repertoire of glycosylation of mucins from colorectal tumors of various stages, grades, and recurrence status 581:693 In this context, we investigated, by mass spectrometry (MS), alterations in the repertoire of glycosylation of mucins from colorectal tumors of various stages, grades, and recurrence status. 26500890 3 43 from alterations 566:576 arg1 glycosylation 599:611 glycosylation 599:611 glycosylation of mucins from colorectal tumors of various stages, grades, and recurrence status 599:693 In this context, we investigated, by mass spectrometry (MS), alterations in the repertoire of glycosylation of mucins from colorectal tumors of various stages, grades, and recurrence status. 26500890 6 44 theme O-glycosylation 1076:1090 arg1 stages 1038:1043 stages 1038:1043 stages of the tumor samples and mucin O-glycosylation 1038:1090 No correlation was established between stages of the tumor samples and mucin O-glycosylation. 26500890 5 45 theme expression 880:889 arg1 level 871:875 the level 867:875 the level of expression of sialylated core 3-based O-glycans in tumors 867:936 The obtained data showed an important decrease in the level of expression of sialylated core 3-based O-glycans in tumors correlated with an increase in sialylated core 1 structures. 26500890 5 46 gly sialylated 894:903 arg1 O-glycans 918:926 sialylated core 3-based O-glycans 894:926 sialylated core 3-based O-glycans 894:926 The obtained data showed an important decrease in the level of expression of sialylated core 3-based O-glycans in tumors correlated with an increase in sialylated core 1 structures. 26500890 3 47 theme colorectal 628:637 arg1 tumors 639:644 colorectal tumors 628:644 colorectal tumors of various stages, grades, and recurrence status 628:693 In this context, we investigated, by mass spectrometry (MS), alterations in the repertoire of glycosylation of mucins from colorectal tumors of various stages, grades, and recurrence status. 26500890 7 48 with tumors 1152:1157 arg1 recurrence 1164:1173 recurrence 1164:1173 recurrence 1164:1173 However, with the notable exception of sialyl Tn antigens, tumors with recurrence presented a milder alteration of glycosylation profile than tumors without recurrence. 26500890 5 49 theme important 845:853 arg1 decrease 855:862 an important decrease 842:862 an important decrease in the level of expression of sialylated core 3-based O-glycans in tumors 842:936 The obtained data showed an important decrease in the level of expression of sialylated core 3-based O-glycans in tumors correlated with an increase in sialylated core 1 structures. 26500890 0 50 theme O-Glycosylation 37:51 arg1 Characterization 11:26 Structural Characterization 0:26 Structural Characterization of Mucin O-Glycosylation 0:51 Structural Characterization of Mucin O-Glycosylation May Provide Important Information to Help Prevent Colorectal Tumor Recurrence. 26500890 2 51 theme cancer 473:478 arg1 invasiveness 453:464 the invasiveness 449:464 the invasiveness of the cancer and risks of recurrence 449:502 Surgical resection is the only curative treatment but once operated the patient is either subjected to adjuvant chemotherapy or not, depending on the invasiveness of the cancer and risks of recurrence. 26500890 7 52 theme sialyl 1132:1137 arg1 antigens 1142:1149 sialyl Tn antigens 1132:1149 sialyl Tn antigens 1132:1149 However, with the notable exception of sialyl Tn antigens, tumors with recurrence presented a milder alteration of glycosylation profile than tumors without recurrence. 26500890 5 53 theme obtained 821:828 arg1 data 830:833 The obtained data 817:833 The obtained data 817:833 The obtained data showed an important decrease in the level of expression of sialylated core 3-based O-glycans in tumors correlated with an increase in sialylated core 1 structures. 26500890 0 54 theme Important 65:73 arg1 Information 75:85 Important Information 65:85 Important Information 65:85 Structural Characterization of Mucin O-Glycosylation May Provide Important Information to Help Prevent Colorectal Tumor Recurrence. 26500890 8 55 theme physiological 1357:1369 arg1 situation 1371:1379 a healthier physiological situation 1345:1379 a healthier physiological situation 1345:1379 These results suggest that mucin O-glycans from tumors with recurrence might mimic a healthier physiological situation, hence deceiving the immune defense system. 26500890 3 56 theme mucins 616:621 arg1 glycosylation 599:611 glycosylation 599:611 glycosylation of mucins from colorectal tumors of various stages, grades, and recurrence status 599:693 In this context, we investigated, by mass spectrometry (MS), alterations in the repertoire of glycosylation of mucins from colorectal tumors of various stages, grades, and recurrence status. 26500890 1 57 dep disease 188:194 arg1 removed 222:228 removed 222:228 are removed 218:228 Although colorectal cancer is a preventable and curable disease if early stage tumors are removed, it still represents the second cause of cancer-related death worldwide. 26500890 8 58 theme healthier 1347:1355 arg1 situation 1371:1379 a healthier physiological situation 1345:1379 a healthier physiological situation 1345:1379 These results suggest that mucin O-glycans from tumors with recurrence might mimic a healthier physiological situation, hence deceiving the immune defense system. 26500890 5 59 gly sialylated 969:978 arg1 structures 987:996 sialylated core 1 structures 969:996 sialylated core 1 structures 969:996 The obtained data showed an important decrease in the level of expression of sialylated core 3-based O-glycans in tumors correlated with an increase in sialylated core 1 structures. 26500890 8 60 theme immune 1402:1407 arg1 system 1417:1422 the immune defense system 1398:1422 the immune defense system 1398:1422 These results suggest that mucin O-glycans from tumors with recurrence might mimic a healthier physiological situation, hence deceiving the immune defense system. 26500890 3 61 theme various 649:655 arg1 stages 657:662 various stages 649:662 various stages 649:662 In this context, we investigated, by mass spectrometry (MS), alterations in the repertoire of glycosylation of mucins from colorectal tumors of various stages, grades, and recurrence status. 26500890 5 62 dep showed 835:840 arg1 correlated 938:947 correlated 938:947 showed an important decrease in the level of expression of sialylated core 3-based O-glycans in tumors correlated with an increase in sialylated core 1 structures 835:996 The obtained data showed an important decrease in the level of expression of sialylated core 3-based O-glycans in tumors correlated with an increase in sialylated core 1 structures. 26500890 1 63 theme colorectal 141:150 arg1 cancer 152:157 colorectal cancer 141:157 colorectal cancer 141:157 Although colorectal cancer is a preventable and curable disease if early stage tumors are removed, it still represents the second cause of cancer-related death worldwide. 26500890 1 63 theme colorectal 141:150 arg1 disease 188:194 a preventable and curable disease 162:194 a preventable and curable disease if early stage tumors are removed 162:228 Although colorectal cancer is a preventable and curable disease if early stage tumors are removed, it still represents the second cause of cancer-related death worldwide. 26500890 3 64 gly glycosylation 599:611 arg1 mucins 616:621 mucins 616:621 mucins from colorectal tumors of various stages, grades, and recurrence status 616:693 In this context, we investigated, by mass spectrometry (MS), alterations in the repertoire of glycosylation of mucins from colorectal tumors of various stages, grades, and recurrence status. 26500890 3 65 theme stages 657:662 arg1 tumors 639:644 colorectal tumors 628:644 colorectal tumors of various stages, grades, and recurrence status 628:693 In this context, we investigated, by mass spectrometry (MS), alterations in the repertoire of glycosylation of mucins from colorectal tumors of various stages, grades, and recurrence status. 26500890 4 66 from patients 781:788 arg1 counterparts 733:744 their counterparts 727:744 their counterparts in resection margins from the same patients and with healthy controls 727:814 Tumors were also compared with their counterparts in resection margins from the same patients and with healthy controls. 26500890 4 66 from patients 781:788 arg1 margins 759:765 resection margins 749:765 resection margins from the same patients 749:788 Tumors were also compared with their counterparts in resection margins from the same patients and with healthy controls. 26500890 8 67 theme mucin 1289:1293 arg1 O-glycans 1295:1303 mucin O-glycans 1289:1303 mucin O-glycans from tumors with recurrence 1289:1331 These results suggest that mucin O-glycans from tumors with recurrence might mimic a healthier physiological situation, hence deceiving the immune defense system. 26500890 5 68 theme O-glycans 918:926 arg1 expression 880:889 expression 880:889 expression of sialylated core 3-based O-glycans in tumors 880:936 The obtained data showed an important decrease in the level of expression of sialylated core 3-based O-glycans in tumors correlated with an increase in sialylated core 1 structures. 26500890 3 69 theme glycosylation 599:611 arg1 repertoire 585:594 the repertoire 581:594 the repertoire of glycosylation of mucins from colorectal tumors of various stages, grades, and recurrence status 581:693 In this context, we investigated, by mass spectrometry (MS), alterations in the repertoire of glycosylation of mucins from colorectal tumors of various stages, grades, and recurrence status. 26500890 3 69 theme glycosylation 599:611 arg1 glycosylation 599:611 glycosylation 599:611 glycosylation of mucins from colorectal tumors of various stages, grades, and recurrence status 599:693 In this context, we investigated, by mass spectrometry (MS), alterations in the repertoire of glycosylation of mucins from colorectal tumors of various stages, grades, and recurrence status. 26500890 2 70 theme curative 334:341 arg1 treatment 343:351 the only curative treatment 325:351 the only curative treatment 325:351 Surgical resection is the only curative treatment but once operated the patient is either subjected to adjuvant chemotherapy or not, depending on the invasiveness of the cancer and risks of recurrence. 26500890 2 70 theme curative 334:341 arg1 resection 312:320 Surgical resection 303:320 Surgical resection 303:320 Surgical resection is the only curative treatment but once operated the patient is either subjected to adjuvant chemotherapy or not, depending on the invasiveness of the cancer and risks of recurrence. 26500890 3 71 from tumors 639:644 arg1 mucins 616:621 mucins 616:621 mucins from colorectal tumors of various stages, grades, and recurrence status 616:693 In this context, we investigated, by mass spectrometry (MS), alterations in the repertoire of glycosylation of mucins from colorectal tumors of various stages, grades, and recurrence status. 26500890 3 71 from tumors 639:644 arg1 glycosylation 599:611 glycosylation 599:611 glycosylation of mucins from colorectal tumors of various stages, grades, and recurrence status 599:693 In this context, we investigated, by mass spectrometry (MS), alterations in the repertoire of glycosylation of mucins from colorectal tumors of various stages, grades, and recurrence status. 26500890 6 72 theme mucin 1070:1074 arg1 O-glycosylation 1076:1090 mucin O-glycosylation 1070:1090 mucin O-glycosylation 1070:1090 No correlation was established between stages of the tumor samples and mucin O-glycosylation. 26500890 4 73 theme same 776:779 arg1 patients 781:788 the same patients 772:788 the same patients 772:788 Tumors were also compared with their counterparts in resection margins from the same patients and with healthy controls. 26500890 6 74 theme samples 1058:1064 arg1 stages 1038:1043 stages 1038:1043 stages of the tumor samples and mucin O-glycosylation 1038:1090 No correlation was established between stages of the tumor samples and mucin O-glycosylation. 26500890 2 75 theme recurrence 493:502 arg1 risks 484:488 the cancer and risks 469:488 risks 484:488 Surgical resection is the only curative treatment but once operated the patient is either subjected to adjuvant chemotherapy or not, depending on the invasiveness of the cancer and risks of recurrence. 26500890 2 75 theme recurrence 493:502 arg1 cancer 473:478 the cancer and risks 469:488 cancer 473:478 Surgical resection is the only curative treatment but once operated the patient is either subjected to adjuvant chemotherapy or not, depending on the invasiveness of the cancer and risks of recurrence. 26500890 5 76 theme core 980:983 arg1 structures 987:996 sialylated core 1 structures 969:996 sialylated core 1 structures 969:996 The obtained data showed an important decrease in the level of expression of sialylated core 3-based O-glycans in tumors correlated with an increase in sialylated core 1 structures. 26500890 1 77 theme preventable 164:174 arg1 cancer 152:157 colorectal cancer 141:157 colorectal cancer 141:157 Although colorectal cancer is a preventable and curable disease if early stage tumors are removed, it still represents the second cause of cancer-related death worldwide. 26500890 1 77 theme preventable 164:174 arg1 disease 188:194 a preventable and curable disease 162:194 a preventable and curable disease if early stage tumors are removed 162:228 Although colorectal cancer is a preventable and curable disease if early stage tumors are removed, it still represents the second cause of cancer-related death worldwide. 27775645 8 0 theme composite 1200:1208 arg1 surface 1185:1191 The surface 1181:1191 The surface of the composite 1181:1208 The surface of the composite reached adsorption equilibrium at 20 min. 27775645 6 1 theme serum 1000:1004 arg1 BSA 1015:1017 BSA 1015:1017 BSA 1015:1017 The study observed that the composite fibers have higher adsorption capacities of bovine serum albumin (BSA) at pH 5.32-6.00 than at pH 3.90-4.50 or 7.35. 27775645 6 1 theme serum 1000:1004 arg1 albumin 1006:1012 bovine serum albumin 993:1012 bovine serum albumin (BSA) 993:1018 The study observed that the composite fibers have higher adsorption capacities of bovine serum albumin (BSA) at pH 5.32-6.00 than at pH 3.90-4.50 or 7.35. 27775645 4 2 theme antibacterial 731:743 arg1 properties 745:754 antibacterial properties 731:754 antibacterial properties 731:754 The effect of component concentration on composite fiber morphology, antibacterial properties, and protein adsorption were investigated. 27775645 9 3 theme tissue 1380:1385 arg1 engineering 1387:1397 tissue engineering 1380:1397 tissue engineering 1380:1397 These results have specific applications for the development of bone scaffold materials, and broad implications in the field of tissue engineering. 27775645 1 4 theme chemical 162:169 arg1 compositions 171:182 chemical compositions 162:182 chemical compositions 162:182 A major goal of biomimetics is the development of chemical compositions and structures that simulate the extracellular matrix. 27775645 0 5 theme Protein 92:98 arg1 Adsorption 100:109 Protein Adsorption 92:109 Protein Adsorption 92:109 Fabrication of Gelatin-Based Electrospun Composite Fibers for Anti-Bacterial Properties and Protein Adsorption. 27775645 6 6 theme bovine 993:998 arg1 BSA 1015:1017 BSA 1015:1017 BSA 1015:1017 The study observed that the composite fibers have higher adsorption capacities of bovine serum albumin (BSA) at pH 5.32-6.00 than at pH 3.90-4.50 or 7.35. 27775645 6 6 theme bovine 993:998 arg1 albumin 1006:1012 bovine serum albumin 993:1012 bovine serum albumin (BSA) 993:1018 The study observed that the composite fibers have higher adsorption capacities of bovine serum albumin (BSA) at pH 5.32-6.00 than at pH 3.90-4.50 or 7.35. 27775645 1 7 theme compositions 171:182 arg1 development 147:157 the development 143:157 the development of chemical compositions and structures that simulate the extracellular matrix 143:236 A major goal of biomimetics is the development of chemical compositions and structures that simulate the extracellular matrix. 27775645 1 7 theme compositions 171:182 arg1 goal 120:123 A major goal 112:123 A major goal of biomimetics 112:138 A major goal of biomimetics is the development of chemical compositions and structures that simulate the extracellular matrix. 27775645 3 8 theme composite 411:419 arg1 fibers 421:426 The gelatin-based multicomponent composite fibers 378:426 The gelatin-based multicomponent composite fibers 378:426 The gelatin-based multicomponent composite fibers were fabricated using co-electrospinning, and the composite fibers of chitosan (CS), gelatin (Gel), hydroxyapatite (HA), and graphene oxide (GO) were successfully fabricated for multi-function characteristics of biomimetic scaffolds. 27775645 3 9 theme scaffolds 651:659 arg1 characteristics 621:635 multi-function characteristics 606:635 multi-function characteristics of biomimetic scaffolds 606:659 The gelatin-based multicomponent composite fibers were fabricated using co-electrospinning, and the composite fibers of chitosan (CS), gelatin (Gel), hydroxyapatite (HA), and graphene oxide (GO) were successfully fabricated for multi-function characteristics of biomimetic scaffolds. 27775645 3 10 theme graphene 553:560 arg1 oxide 562:566 graphene oxide 553:566 graphene oxide (GO) 553:571 The gelatin-based multicomponent composite fibers were fabricated using co-electrospinning, and the composite fibers of chitosan (CS), gelatin (Gel), hydroxyapatite (HA), and graphene oxide (GO) were successfully fabricated for multi-function characteristics of biomimetic scaffolds. 27775645 4 11 theme concentration 686:698 arg1 effect 666:671 The effect 662:671 The effect of component concentration on composite fiber morphology, antibacterial properties, and protein adsorption 662:778 The effect of component concentration on composite fiber morphology, antibacterial properties, and protein adsorption were investigated. 27775645 9 12 contain have 1266:1269 arg2 applications 1280:1291 specific applications 1271:1291 specific applications for the development of bone scaffold materials 1271:1338 These results have specific applications for the development of bone scaffold materials, and broad implications in the field of tissue engineering. 27775645 9 12 contain have 1266:1269 arg1 results 1258:1264 These results 1252:1264 These results 1252:1264 These results have specific applications for the development of bone scaffold materials, and broad implications in the field of tissue engineering. 27775645 3 13 theme oxide 562:566 arg1 fibers 488:493 the composite fibers 474:493 the composite fibers of chitosan (CS), gelatin (Gel), hydroxyapatite (HA), and graphene oxide (GO) 474:571 The gelatin-based multicomponent composite fibers were fabricated using co-electrospinning, and the composite fibers of chitosan (CS), gelatin (Gel), hydroxyapatite (HA), and graphene oxide (GO) were successfully fabricated for multi-function characteristics of biomimetic scaffolds. 27775645 3 14 dep oxide 562:566 arg1 GO 569:570 GO 569:570 GO 569:570 The gelatin-based multicomponent composite fibers were fabricated using co-electrospinning, and the composite fibers of chitosan (CS), gelatin (Gel), hydroxyapatite (HA), and graphene oxide (GO) were successfully fabricated for multi-function characteristics of biomimetic scaffolds. 27775645 3 15 theme gelatin-based 382:394 arg1 fibers 421:426 The gelatin-based multicomponent composite fibers 378:426 The gelatin-based multicomponent composite fibers 378:426 The gelatin-based multicomponent composite fibers were fabricated using co-electrospinning, and the composite fibers of chitosan (CS), gelatin (Gel), hydroxyapatite (HA), and graphene oxide (GO) were successfully fabricated for multi-function characteristics of biomimetic scaffolds. 27775645 6 16 theme adsorption 968:977 arg1 capacities 979:988 higher adsorption capacities 961:988 higher adsorption capacities of bovine serum albumin (BSA) 961:1018 The study observed that the composite fibers have higher adsorption capacities of bovine serum albumin (BSA) at pH 5.32-6.00 than at pH 3.90-4.50 or 7.35. 27775645 7 17 theme initial 1144:1150 arg1 concentration 1156:1168 the initial BSA concentration 1140:1168 the initial BSA concentration 1140:1168 The protein adsorption on the surface of the composite fiber increased as the initial BSA concentration increased. 27775645 3 18 theme gelatin 513:519 arg1 fibers 488:493 the composite fibers 474:493 the composite fibers of chitosan (CS), gelatin (Gel), hydroxyapatite (HA), and graphene oxide (GO) 474:571 The gelatin-based multicomponent composite fibers were fabricated using co-electrospinning, and the composite fibers of chitosan (CS), gelatin (Gel), hydroxyapatite (HA), and graphene oxide (GO) were successfully fabricated for multi-function characteristics of biomimetic scaffolds. 27775645 3 19 theme chitosan 498:505 arg1 fibers 488:493 the composite fibers 474:493 the composite fibers of chitosan (CS), gelatin (Gel), hydroxyapatite (HA), and graphene oxide (GO) 474:571 The gelatin-based multicomponent composite fibers were fabricated using co-electrospinning, and the composite fibers of chitosan (CS), gelatin (Gel), hydroxyapatite (HA), and graphene oxide (GO) were successfully fabricated for multi-function characteristics of biomimetic scaffolds. 27775645 3 20 theme multicomponent 396:409 arg1 fibers 421:426 The gelatin-based multicomponent composite fibers 378:426 The gelatin-based multicomponent composite fibers 378:426 The gelatin-based multicomponent composite fibers were fabricated using co-electrospinning, and the composite fibers of chitosan (CS), gelatin (Gel), hydroxyapatite (HA), and graphene oxide (GO) were successfully fabricated for multi-function characteristics of biomimetic scaffolds. 27775645 6 21 theme higher 961:966 arg1 capacities 979:988 higher adsorption capacities 961:988 higher adsorption capacities of bovine serum albumin (BSA) 961:1018 The study observed that the composite fibers have higher adsorption capacities of bovine serum albumin (BSA) at pH 5.32-6.00 than at pH 3.90-4.50 or 7.35. 27775645 5 22 theme antibacterial 836:848 arg1 activity 850:857 effective antibacterial activity 826:857 effective antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli 826:908 Composite fibers exhibited effective antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. 27775645 1 23 theme structures 188:197 arg1 development 147:157 the development 143:157 the development of chemical compositions and structures that simulate the extracellular matrix 143:236 A major goal of biomimetics is the development of chemical compositions and structures that simulate the extracellular matrix. 27775645 1 23 theme structures 188:197 arg1 goal 120:123 A major goal 112:123 A major goal of biomimetics 112:138 A major goal of biomimetics is the development of chemical compositions and structures that simulate the extracellular matrix. 27775645 5 24 theme effective 826:834 arg1 activity 850:857 effective antibacterial activity 826:857 effective antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli 826:908 Composite fibers exhibited effective antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. 27775645 2 25 theme bone 353:356 arg1 materials 367:375 bone scaffold materials 353:375 bone scaffold materials 353:375 In this study, gelatin-based electrospun composite fibrous membranes were prepared by electrospinning to generate bone scaffold materials. 27775645 4 26 theme composite 703:711 arg1 morphology 719:728 composite fiber morphology 703:728 composite fiber morphology 703:728 The effect of component concentration on composite fiber morphology, antibacterial properties, and protein adsorption were investigated. 27775645 9 27 theme engineering 1387:1397 arg1 field 1371:1375 the field 1367:1375 the field of tissue engineering 1367:1397 These results have specific applications for the development of bone scaffold materials, and broad implications in the field of tissue engineering. 27775645 9 28 theme specific 1271:1278 arg1 applications 1280:1291 specific applications 1271:1291 specific applications for the development of bone scaffold materials 1271:1338 These results have specific applications for the development of bone scaffold materials, and broad implications in the field of tissue engineering. 27775645 0 29 theme Electrospun 29:39 arg1 Fibers 51:56 Gelatin-Based Electrospun Composite Fibers 15:56 Gelatin-Based Electrospun Composite Fibers 15:56 Fabrication of Gelatin-Based Electrospun Composite Fibers for Anti-Bacterial Properties and Protein Adsorption. 27775645 7 30 theme fiber 1121:1125 arg1 surface 1096:1102 the surface 1092:1102 the surface of the composite fiber 1092:1125 The protein adsorption on the surface of the composite fiber increased as the initial BSA concentration increased. 27775645 1 31 theme major 114:118 arg1 development 147:157 the development 143:157 the development of chemical compositions and structures that simulate the extracellular matrix 143:236 A major goal of biomimetics is the development of chemical compositions and structures that simulate the extracellular matrix. 27775645 1 31 theme major 114:118 arg1 goal 120:123 A major goal 112:123 A major goal of biomimetics 112:138 A major goal of biomimetics is the development of chemical compositions and structures that simulate the extracellular matrix. 27775645 4 32 from effect 666:671 arg1 adsorption 769:778 protein adsorption 761:778 protein adsorption 761:778 The effect of component concentration on composite fiber morphology, antibacterial properties, and protein adsorption were investigated. 27775645 4 32 from effect 666:671 arg1 morphology 719:728 composite fiber morphology 703:728 composite fiber morphology 703:728 The effect of component concentration on composite fiber morphology, antibacterial properties, and protein adsorption were investigated. 27775645 4 32 from effect 666:671 arg1 properties 745:754 antibacterial properties 731:754 antibacterial properties 731:754 The effect of component concentration on composite fiber morphology, antibacterial properties, and protein adsorption were investigated. 27775645 6 33 contain have 956:959 arg2 capacities 979:988 higher adsorption capacities 961:988 higher adsorption capacities of bovine serum albumin (BSA) 961:1018 The study observed that the composite fibers have higher adsorption capacities of bovine serum albumin (BSA) at pH 5.32-6.00 than at pH 3.90-4.50 or 7.35. 27775645 6 33 contain have 956:959 arg1 fibers 949:954 the composite fibers 935:954 the composite fibers 935:954 The study observed that the composite fibers have higher adsorption capacities of bovine serum albumin (BSA) at pH 5.32-6.00 than at pH 3.90-4.50 or 7.35. 27775645 0 34 theme Gelatin-Based 15:27 arg1 Fibers 51:56 Gelatin-Based Electrospun Composite Fibers 15:56 Gelatin-Based Electrospun Composite Fibers 15:56 Fabrication of Gelatin-Based Electrospun Composite Fibers for Anti-Bacterial Properties and Protein Adsorption. 27775645 9 35 from implications 1351:1362 arg1 field 1371:1375 the field 1367:1375 the field of tissue engineering 1367:1397 These results have specific applications for the development of bone scaffold materials, and broad implications in the field of tissue engineering. 27775645 1 36 theme extracellular 217:229 arg1 matrix 231:236 the extracellular matrix 213:236 the extracellular matrix 213:236 A major goal of biomimetics is the development of chemical compositions and structures that simulate the extracellular matrix. 27775645 0 37 theme Fibers 51:56 arg1 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication of Gelatin-Based Electrospun Composite Fibers for Anti-Bacterial Properties and Protein Adsorption. 0:110 Fabrication of Gelatin-Based Electrospun Composite Fibers for Anti-Bacterial Properties and Protein Adsorption. 27775645 6 38 theme composite 939:947 arg1 fibers 949:954 the composite fibers 935:954 the composite fibers 935:954 The study observed that the composite fibers have higher adsorption capacities of bovine serum albumin (BSA) at pH 5.32-6.00 than at pH 3.90-4.50 or 7.35. 27775645 0 39 theme Composite 41:49 arg1 Fibers 51:56 Gelatin-Based Electrospun Composite Fibers 15:56 Gelatin-Based Electrospun Composite Fibers 15:56 Fabrication of Gelatin-Based Electrospun Composite Fibers for Anti-Bacterial Properties and Protein Adsorption. 27775645 3 40 theme composite 478:486 arg1 fibers 488:493 the composite fibers 474:493 the composite fibers of chitosan (CS), gelatin (Gel), hydroxyapatite (HA), and graphene oxide (GO) 474:571 The gelatin-based multicomponent composite fibers were fabricated using co-electrospinning, and the composite fibers of chitosan (CS), gelatin (Gel), hydroxyapatite (HA), and graphene oxide (GO) were successfully fabricated for multi-function characteristics of biomimetic scaffolds. 27775645 3 41 theme multi-function 606:619 arg1 characteristics 621:635 multi-function characteristics 606:635 multi-function characteristics of biomimetic scaffolds 606:659 The gelatin-based multicomponent composite fibers were fabricated using co-electrospinning, and the composite fibers of chitosan (CS), gelatin (Gel), hydroxyapatite (HA), and graphene oxide (GO) were successfully fabricated for multi-function characteristics of biomimetic scaffolds. 27775645 7 42 theme protein 1070:1076 arg1 adsorption 1078:1087 The protein adsorption 1066:1087 The protein adsorption on the surface of the composite fiber 1066:1125 The protein adsorption on the surface of the composite fiber increased as the initial BSA concentration increased. 27775645 7 43 from adsorption 1078:1087 arg1 surface 1096:1102 the surface 1092:1102 the surface of the composite fiber 1092:1125 The protein adsorption on the surface of the composite fiber increased as the initial BSA concentration increased. 27775645 0 44 theme Anti-Bacterial 62:75 arg1 Properties 77:86 Anti-Bacterial Properties 62:86 Anti-Bacterial Properties 62:86 Fabrication of Gelatin-Based Electrospun Composite Fibers for Anti-Bacterial Properties and Protein Adsorption. 27775645 3 45 theme hydroxyapatite 528:541 arg1 fibers 488:493 the composite fibers 474:493 the composite fibers of chitosan (CS), gelatin (Gel), hydroxyapatite (HA), and graphene oxide (GO) 474:571 The gelatin-based multicomponent composite fibers were fabricated using co-electrospinning, and the composite fibers of chitosan (CS), gelatin (Gel), hydroxyapatite (HA), and graphene oxide (GO) were successfully fabricated for multi-function characteristics of biomimetic scaffolds. 27775645 7 46 theme composite 1111:1119 arg1 fiber 1121:1125 the composite fiber 1107:1125 the composite fiber 1107:1125 The protein adsorption on the surface of the composite fiber increased as the initial BSA concentration increased. 27775645 9 47 theme bone 1316:1319 arg1 materials 1330:1338 bone scaffold materials 1316:1338 bone scaffold materials 1316:1338 These results have specific applications for the development of bone scaffold materials, and broad implications in the field of tissue engineering. 27775645 7 48 theme BSA 1152:1154 arg1 concentration 1156:1168 the initial BSA concentration 1140:1168 the initial BSA concentration 1140:1168 The protein adsorption on the surface of the composite fiber increased as the initial BSA concentration increased. 27775645 9 49 theme broad 1345:1349 arg1 implications 1351:1362 broad implications 1345:1362 broad implications in the field of tissue engineering 1345:1397 These results have specific applications for the development of bone scaffold materials, and broad implications in the field of tissue engineering. 27775645 1 50 theme biomimetics 128:138 arg1 development 147:157 the development 143:157 the development of chemical compositions and structures that simulate the extracellular matrix 143:236 A major goal of biomimetics is the development of chemical compositions and structures that simulate the extracellular matrix. 27775645 1 50 theme biomimetics 128:138 arg1 goal 120:123 A major goal 112:123 A major goal of biomimetics 112:138 A major goal of biomimetics is the development of chemical compositions and structures that simulate the extracellular matrix. 27775645 3 51 theme biomimetic 640:649 arg1 scaffolds 651:659 biomimetic scaffolds 640:659 biomimetic scaffolds 640:659 The gelatin-based multicomponent composite fibers were fabricated using co-electrospinning, and the composite fibers of chitosan (CS), gelatin (Gel), hydroxyapatite (HA), and graphene oxide (GO) were successfully fabricated for multi-function characteristics of biomimetic scaffolds. 27775645 2 52 theme fibrous 290:296 arg1 membranes 298:306 gelatin-based electrospun composite fibrous membranes 254:306 gelatin-based electrospun composite fibrous membranes 254:306 In this study, gelatin-based electrospun composite fibrous membranes were prepared by electrospinning to generate bone scaffold materials. 27775645 4 53 theme protein 761:767 arg1 adsorption 769:778 protein adsorption 761:778 protein adsorption 761:778 The effect of component concentration on composite fiber morphology, antibacterial properties, and protein adsorption were investigated. 27775645 8 54 theme adsorption 1218:1227 arg1 equilibrium 1229:1239 adsorption equilibrium 1218:1239 adsorption equilibrium 1218:1239 The surface of the composite reached adsorption equilibrium at 20 min. 27775645 9 55 theme materials 1330:1338 arg1 development 1301:1311 the development 1297:1311 the development of bone scaffold materials 1297:1338 These results have specific applications for the development of bone scaffold materials, and broad implications in the field of tissue engineering. 27775645 2 56 theme composite 280:288 arg1 membranes 298:306 gelatin-based electrospun composite fibrous membranes 254:306 gelatin-based electrospun composite fibrous membranes 254:306 In this study, gelatin-based electrospun composite fibrous membranes were prepared by electrospinning to generate bone scaffold materials. 27775645 2 57 theme scaffold 358:365 arg1 materials 367:375 bone scaffold materials 353:375 bone scaffold materials 353:375 In this study, gelatin-based electrospun composite fibrous membranes were prepared by electrospinning to generate bone scaffold materials. 27775645 5 58 theme Composite 799:807 arg1 fibers 809:814 Composite fibers 799:814 Composite fibers 799:814 Composite fibers exhibited effective antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. 27775645 2 59 theme electrospun 268:278 arg1 membranes 298:306 gelatin-based electrospun composite fibrous membranes 254:306 gelatin-based electrospun composite fibrous membranes 254:306 In this study, gelatin-based electrospun composite fibrous membranes were prepared by electrospinning to generate bone scaffold materials. 27775645 9 60 theme scaffold 1321:1328 arg1 materials 1330:1338 bone scaffold materials 1316:1338 bone scaffold materials 1316:1338 These results have specific applications for the development of bone scaffold materials, and broad implications in the field of tissue engineering. 27775645 4 61 theme component 676:684 arg1 concentration 686:698 component concentration 676:698 component concentration 676:698 The effect of component concentration on composite fiber morphology, antibacterial properties, and protein adsorption were investigated. 27775645 6 62 theme albumin 1006:1012 arg1 capacities 979:988 higher adsorption capacities 961:988 higher adsorption capacities of bovine serum albumin (BSA) 961:1018 The study observed that the composite fibers have higher adsorption capacities of bovine serum albumin (BSA) at pH 5.32-6.00 than at pH 3.90-4.50 or 7.35. 27775645 2 63 theme gelatin-based 254:266 arg1 membranes 298:306 gelatin-based electrospun composite fibrous membranes 254:306 gelatin-based electrospun composite fibrous membranes 254:306 In this study, gelatin-based electrospun composite fibrous membranes were prepared by electrospinning to generate bone scaffold materials. 27775645 4 64 theme fiber 713:717 arg1 morphology 719:728 composite fiber morphology 703:728 composite fiber morphology 703:728 The effect of component concentration on composite fiber morphology, antibacterial properties, and protein adsorption were investigated. 27241899 6 0 theme surface 1015:1021 arg1 method 1023:1028 Response surface method 1006:1028 Response surface method 1006:1028 Response surface method is conducted to develop mathematical models for process responses. 27241899 8 1 dep properties 1241:1250 arg1 transmission 1276:1287 transmission 1276:1287 transmission of the prepared hydrogel films 1276:1318 In addition, swelling properties and rate of water vapor transmission of the prepared hydrogel films were studied. 27241899 9 2 theme wound 1439:1443 arg1 healing 1445:1451 a wound healing 1437:1451 a wound healing material 1437:1460 Due to the successful results, this hydrogel film has an excellent potential to be explored further as a wound healing material. 27241899 2 3 theme films 370:374 arg1 properties 343:352 Antibacterial properties 329:352 Antibacterial properties of the prepared films 329:374 Antibacterial properties of the prepared films were analyzed by applying agar diffusion method. 27241899 1 4 theme casting 249:255 arg1 method 257:262 casting method 249:262 casting method 249:262 In the present study, hydrogel films composed of chitosan-poly(vinyl alcohol)-gelatin-thyme honey were successfully prepared by casting method, and their anti-bacterial properties were modeled and optimized. 27241899 0 5 theme films 83:87 arg1 activity 43:50 antibacterial activity 29:50 antibacterial activity of the chitosan-based hydrogel films 29:87 Modeling and optimization of antibacterial activity of the chitosan-based hydrogel films using central composite design. 27241899 4 6 with design 772:777 arg1 parameters 789:798 four parameters 784:798 four parameters 784:798 In order to obtain the composition of the film with maximum inhibition zone against both above-mentioned bacterial strains, the experiments were designed using response surface methodology based on five-level central composite design with four parameters, including concentrations of chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol), gelatin, and honey. 27241899 4 6 with design 772:777 arg1 concentrations 811:824 concentrations 811:824 concentrations of chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol), gelatin, and honey 811:877 In order to obtain the composition of the film with maximum inhibition zone against both above-mentioned bacterial strains, the experiments were designed using response surface methodology based on five-level central composite design with four parameters, including concentrations of chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol), gelatin, and honey. 27241899 5 7 theme good 932:935 arg1 activities 951:960 good antibacterial activities 932:960 good antibacterial activities 932:960 The results indicated that the prepared samples had good antibacterial activities against these two studied bacteria strains. 27241899 2 8 theme prepared 361:368 arg1 films 370:374 the prepared films 357:374 the prepared films 357:374 Antibacterial properties of the prepared films were analyzed by applying agar diffusion method. 27241899 8 9 theme hydrogel 1305:1312 arg1 films 1314:1318 the prepared hydrogel films 1292:1318 the prepared hydrogel films 1292:1318 In addition, swelling properties and rate of water vapor transmission of the prepared hydrogel films were studied. 27241899 4 10 theme inhibition 605:614 arg1 zone 616:619 maximum inhibition zone 597:619 maximum inhibition zone against both above-mentioned bacterial strains 597:666 In order to obtain the composition of the film with maximum inhibition zone against both above-mentioned bacterial strains, the experiments were designed using response surface methodology based on five-level central composite design with four parameters, including concentrations of chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol), gelatin, and honey. 27241899 0 11 theme composite 103:111 arg1 design 113:118 central composite design 95:118 central composite design 95:118 Modeling and optimization of antibacterial activity of the chitosan-based hydrogel films using central composite design. 27241899 4 12 theme chitosan 829:836 arg1 concentrations 811:824 concentrations 811:824 concentrations of chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol), gelatin, and honey 811:877 In order to obtain the composition of the film with maximum inhibition zone against both above-mentioned bacterial strains, the experiments were designed using response surface methodology based on five-level central composite design with four parameters, including concentrations of chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol), gelatin, and honey. 27241899 4 13 theme response 705:712 arg1 methodology 722:732 response surface methodology 705:732 response surface methodology based on five-level central composite design with four parameters, including concentrations of chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol), gelatin, and honey 705:877 In order to obtain the composition of the film with maximum inhibition zone against both above-mentioned bacterial strains, the experiments were designed using response surface methodology based on five-level central composite design with four parameters, including concentrations of chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol), gelatin, and honey. 27241899 0 14 theme central 95:101 arg1 design 113:118 central composite design 95:118 central composite design 95:118 Modeling and optimization of antibacterial activity of the chitosan-based hydrogel films using central composite design. 27241899 11 15 dep 104A 1521:1524 arg1 2544-2553 1527:1535 2544-2553 1527:1535 2544-2553 1527:1535 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2544-2553, 2016. 27241899 4 16 theme central 754:760 arg1 design 772:777 five-level central composite design 743:777 five-level central composite design with four parameters, including concentrations of chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol), gelatin, and honey 743:877 In order to obtain the composition of the film with maximum inhibition zone against both above-mentioned bacterial strains, the experiments were designed using response surface methodology based on five-level central composite design with four parameters, including concentrations of chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol), gelatin, and honey. 27241899 11 17 dep Res 1509:1511 arg1 104A 1521:1524 104A 1521:1524 104A 1521:1524 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2544-2553, 2016. 27241899 11 17 dep Res 1509:1511 arg1 A 1518:1518 Part A 1513:1518 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2544-2553, 2016. 1494:1542 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2544-2553, 2016. 27241899 9 18 theme hydrogel 1370:1377 arg1 film 1379:1382 this hydrogel film 1365:1382 this hydrogel film 1365:1382 Due to the successful results, this hydrogel film has an excellent potential to be explored further as a wound healing material. 27241899 4 19 theme poly 839:842 arg1 concentrations 811:824 concentrations 811:824 concentrations of chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol), gelatin, and honey 811:877 In order to obtain the composition of the film with maximum inhibition zone against both above-mentioned bacterial strains, the experiments were designed using response surface methodology based on five-level central composite design with four parameters, including concentrations of chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol), gelatin, and honey. 27241899 2 20 theme diffusion 407:415 arg1 method 417:422 agar diffusion method 402:422 agar diffusion method 402:422 Antibacterial properties of the prepared films were analyzed by applying agar diffusion method. 27241899 8 21 theme swelling 1232:1239 arg1 properties 1241:1250 swelling properties 1232:1250 swelling properties 1232:1250 In addition, swelling properties and rate of water vapor transmission of the prepared hydrogel films were studied. 27241899 5 22 theme antibacterial 937:949 arg1 activities 951:960 good antibacterial activities 932:960 good antibacterial activities 932:960 The results indicated that the prepared samples had good antibacterial activities against these two studied bacteria strains. 27241899 4 23 theme honey 873:877 arg1 concentrations 811:824 concentrations 811:824 concentrations of chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol), gelatin, and honey 811:877 In order to obtain the composition of the film with maximum inhibition zone against both above-mentioned bacterial strains, the experiments were designed using response surface methodology based on five-level central composite design with four parameters, including concentrations of chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol), gelatin, and honey. 27241899 4 24 theme above-mentioned 634:648 arg1 strains 660:666 both above-mentioned bacterial strains 629:666 both above-mentioned bacterial strains 629:666 In order to obtain the composition of the film with maximum inhibition zone against both above-mentioned bacterial strains, the experiments were designed using response surface methodology based on five-level central composite design with four parameters, including concentrations of chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol), gelatin, and honey. 27241899 2 25 theme agar 402:405 arg1 method 417:422 agar diffusion method 402:422 agar diffusion method 402:422 Antibacterial properties of the prepared films were analyzed by applying agar diffusion method. 27241899 5 26 theme studied 980:986 arg1 strains 997:1003 these two studied bacteria strains 970:1003 these two studied bacteria strains 970:1003 The results indicated that the prepared samples had good antibacterial activities against these two studied bacteria strains. 27241899 4 27 theme film 587:590 arg1 composition 568:578 the composition 564:578 the composition of the film with maximum inhibition zone against both above-mentioned bacterial strains 564:666 In order to obtain the composition of the film with maximum inhibition zone against both above-mentioned bacterial strains, the experiments were designed using response surface methodology based on five-level central composite design with four parameters, including concentrations of chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol), gelatin, and honey. 27241899 7 28 theme inhibition 1151:1160 arg1 zone 1162:1165 inhibition zone 1151:1165 inhibition zone 1151:1165 Variance analysis on the experimental data shows that inhibition zone can be predicted effectively with quadratic models. 27241899 4 29 with composition 568:578 arg1 zone 616:619 maximum inhibition zone 597:619 maximum inhibition zone against both above-mentioned bacterial strains 597:666 In order to obtain the composition of the film with maximum inhibition zone against both above-mentioned bacterial strains, the experiments were designed using response surface methodology based on five-level central composite design with four parameters, including concentrations of chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol), gelatin, and honey. 27241899 6 30 theme mathematical 1054:1065 arg1 models 1067:1072 mathematical models 1054:1072 mathematical models for process responses 1054:1094 Response surface method is conducted to develop mathematical models for process responses. 27241899 1 31 theme vinyl 184:188 arg1 honey 213:217 chitosan-poly(vinyl alcohol)-gelatin-thyme honey 170:217 chitosan-poly(vinyl alcohol)-gelatin-thyme honey 170:217 In the present study, hydrogel films composed of chitosan-poly(vinyl alcohol)-gelatin-thyme honey were successfully prepared by casting method, and their anti-bacterial properties were modeled and optimized. 27241899 8 32 theme water 1264:1268 arg1 vapor 1270:1274 water vapor 1264:1274 water vapor 1264:1274 In addition, swelling properties and rate of water vapor transmission of the prepared hydrogel films were studied. 27241899 1 33 theme anti-bacterial 275:288 arg1 properties 290:299 their anti-bacterial properties 269:299 their anti-bacterial properties 269:299 In the present study, hydrogel films composed of chitosan-poly(vinyl alcohol)-gelatin-thyme honey were successfully prepared by casting method, and their anti-bacterial properties were modeled and optimized. 27241899 11 34 theme Part 1513:1516 arg1 A 1518:1518 Part A 1513:1518 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2544-2553, 2016. 1494:1542 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2544-2553, 2016. 27241899 1 35 theme alcohol 190:196 arg1 honey 213:217 chitosan-poly(vinyl alcohol)-gelatin-thyme honey 170:217 chitosan-poly(vinyl alcohol)-gelatin-thyme honey 170:217 In the present study, hydrogel films composed of chitosan-poly(vinyl alcohol)-gelatin-thyme honey were successfully prepared by casting method, and their anti-bacterial properties were modeled and optimized. 27241899 5 36 theme bacteria 988:995 arg1 strains 997:1003 these two studied bacteria strains 970:1003 these two studied bacteria strains 970:1003 The results indicated that the prepared samples had good antibacterial activities against these two studied bacteria strains. 27241899 4 37 theme maximum 597:603 arg1 zone 616:619 maximum inhibition zone 597:619 maximum inhibition zone against both above-mentioned bacterial strains 597:666 In order to obtain the composition of the film with maximum inhibition zone against both above-mentioned bacterial strains, the experiments were designed using response surface methodology based on five-level central composite design with four parameters, including concentrations of chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol), gelatin, and honey. 27241899 4 38 theme five-level 743:752 arg1 design 772:777 five-level central composite design 743:777 five-level central composite design with four parameters, including concentrations of chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol), gelatin, and honey 743:877 In order to obtain the composition of the film with maximum inhibition zone against both above-mentioned bacterial strains, the experiments were designed using response surface methodology based on five-level central composite design with four parameters, including concentrations of chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol), gelatin, and honey. 27241899 9 39 contain has 1384:1386 arg1 film 1379:1382 this hydrogel film 1365:1382 this hydrogel film 1365:1382 Due to the successful results, this hydrogel film has an excellent potential to be explored further as a wound healing material. 27241899 9 39 contain has 1384:1386 arg2 potential 1401:1409 an excellent potential 1388:1409 an excellent potential to be explored further as a wound healing material 1388:1460 Due to the successful results, this hydrogel film has an excellent potential to be explored further as a wound healing material. 27241899 0 40 theme activity 43:50 arg1 optimization 13:24 optimization 13:24 optimization 13:24 Modeling and optimization of antibacterial activity of the chitosan-based hydrogel films using central composite design. 27241899 0 40 theme activity 43:50 arg1 Modeling 0:7 Modeling 0:7 Modeling 0:7 Modeling and optimization of antibacterial activity of the chitosan-based hydrogel films using central composite design. 27241899 6 41 theme Response 1006:1013 arg1 method 1023:1028 Response surface method 1006:1028 Response surface method 1006:1028 Response surface method is conducted to develop mathematical models for process responses. 27241899 4 42 theme gelatin 860:866 arg1 concentrations 811:824 concentrations 811:824 concentrations of chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol), gelatin, and honey 811:877 In order to obtain the composition of the film with maximum inhibition zone against both above-mentioned bacterial strains, the experiments were designed using response surface methodology based on five-level central composite design with four parameters, including concentrations of chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol), gelatin, and honey. 27241899 4 43 theme surface 714:720 arg1 methodology 722:732 response surface methodology 705:732 response surface methodology based on five-level central composite design with four parameters, including concentrations of chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol), gelatin, and honey 705:877 In order to obtain the composition of the film with maximum inhibition zone against both above-mentioned bacterial strains, the experiments were designed using response surface methodology based on five-level central composite design with four parameters, including concentrations of chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol), gelatin, and honey. 27241899 1 44 theme -gelatin-thyme 198:211 arg1 honey 213:217 chitosan-poly(vinyl alcohol)-gelatin-thyme honey 170:217 chitosan-poly(vinyl alcohol)-gelatin-thyme honey 170:217 In the present study, hydrogel films composed of chitosan-poly(vinyl alcohol)-gelatin-thyme honey were successfully prepared by casting method, and their anti-bacterial properties were modeled and optimized. 27241899 0 45 theme antibacterial 29:41 arg1 activity 43:50 antibacterial activity 29:50 antibacterial activity of the chitosan-based hydrogel films 29:87 Modeling and optimization of antibacterial activity of the chitosan-based hydrogel films using central composite design. 27241899 7 46 theme experimental 1122:1133 arg1 data 1135:1138 the experimental data 1118:1138 the experimental data 1118:1138 Variance analysis on the experimental data shows that inhibition zone can be predicted effectively with quadratic models. 27241899 9 47 theme healing 1445:1451 arg1 material 1453:1460 a wound healing material 1437:1460 a wound healing material 1437:1460 Due to the successful results, this hydrogel film has an excellent potential to be explored further as a wound healing material. 27241899 7 48 theme quadratic 1201:1209 arg1 models 1211:1216 quadratic models 1201:1216 quadratic models 1201:1216 Variance analysis on the experimental data shows that inhibition zone can be predicted effectively with quadratic models. 27241899 8 49 theme vapor 1270:1274 arg1 rate 1256:1259 rate 1256:1259 rate of water vapor 1256:1274 In addition, swelling properties and rate of water vapor transmission of the prepared hydrogel films were studied. 27241899 8 49 theme vapor 1270:1274 arg1 properties 1241:1250 swelling properties 1232:1250 swelling properties 1232:1250 In addition, swelling properties and rate of water vapor transmission of the prepared hydrogel films were studied. 27241899 9 50 theme excellent 1391:1399 arg1 potential 1401:1409 an excellent potential 1388:1409 an excellent potential to be explored further as a wound healing material 1388:1460 Due to the successful results, this hydrogel film has an excellent potential to be explored further as a wound healing material. 27241899 8 51 theme films 1314:1318 arg1 transmission 1276:1287 transmission 1276:1287 transmission of the prepared hydrogel films 1276:1318 In addition, swelling properties and rate of water vapor transmission of the prepared hydrogel films were studied. 27241899 9 52 theme successful 1345:1354 arg1 results 1356:1362 the successful results 1341:1362 the successful results 1341:1362 Due to the successful results, this hydrogel film has an excellent potential to be explored further as a wound healing material. 27241899 4 53 theme composite 762:770 arg1 design 772:777 five-level central composite design 743:777 five-level central composite design with four parameters, including concentrations of chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol), gelatin, and honey 743:877 In order to obtain the composition of the film with maximum inhibition zone against both above-mentioned bacterial strains, the experiments were designed using response surface methodology based on five-level central composite design with four parameters, including concentrations of chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol), gelatin, and honey. 27241899 10 54 dep © 1463:1463 arg1 Inc. 1489:1492 Inc. 1489:1492 Inc. 1489:1492 © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 27241899 4 55 theme vinyl 844:848 arg1 alcohol 850:856 vinyl alcohol 844:856 vinyl alcohol 844:856 In order to obtain the composition of the film with maximum inhibition zone against both above-mentioned bacterial strains, the experiments were designed using response surface methodology based on five-level central composite design with four parameters, including concentrations of chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol), gelatin, and honey. 27241899 4 55 theme vinyl 844:848 arg1 poly 839:842 poly 839:842 poly(vinyl alcohol) 839:857 In order to obtain the composition of the film with maximum inhibition zone against both above-mentioned bacterial strains, the experiments were designed using response surface methodology based on five-level central composite design with four parameters, including concentrations of chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol), gelatin, and honey. 27241899 6 56 theme process 1078:1084 arg1 responses 1086:1094 process responses 1078:1094 process responses 1078:1094 Response surface method is conducted to develop mathematical models for process responses. 27241899 1 57 theme present 128:134 arg1 study 136:140 the present study 124:140 the present study 124:140 In the present study, hydrogel films composed of chitosan-poly(vinyl alcohol)-gelatin-thyme honey were successfully prepared by casting method, and their anti-bacterial properties were modeled and optimized. 27241899 5 58 theme prepared 911:918 arg1 samples 920:926 the prepared samples 907:926 the prepared samples 907:926 The results indicated that the prepared samples had good antibacterial activities against these two studied bacteria strains. 27241899 4 59 theme bacterial 650:658 arg1 strains 660:666 both above-mentioned bacterial strains 629:666 both above-mentioned bacterial strains 629:666 In order to obtain the composition of the film with maximum inhibition zone against both above-mentioned bacterial strains, the experiments were designed using response surface methodology based on five-level central composite design with four parameters, including concentrations of chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol), gelatin, and honey. 27241899 7 60 theme Variance 1097:1104 arg1 analysis 1106:1113 Variance analysis 1097:1113 Variance analysis on the experimental data 1097:1138 Variance analysis on the experimental data shows that inhibition zone can be predicted effectively with quadratic models. 27241899 2 61 theme Antibacterial 329:341 arg1 properties 343:352 Antibacterial properties 329:352 Antibacterial properties of the prepared films 329:374 Antibacterial properties of the prepared films were analyzed by applying agar diffusion method. 27241899 3 62 theme Gram-negative 507:519 arg1 aeruginosa 463:472 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 451:472 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 451:472 Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were tested as Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. 27241899 3 62 theme Gram-negative 507:519 arg1 bacteria 521:528 Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria 489:528 Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria 489:528 Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were tested as Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. 27241899 3 62 theme Gram-negative 507:519 arg1 aureus 440:445 Staphylococcus aureus 425:445 Staphylococcus aureus 425:445 Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were tested as Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. 27241899 0 63 theme hydrogel 74:81 arg1 films 83:87 the chitosan-based hydrogel films 55:87 the chitosan-based hydrogel films 55:87 Modeling and optimization of antibacterial activity of the chitosan-based hydrogel films using central composite design. 27241899 3 64 theme Gram-positive 489:501 arg1 aeruginosa 463:472 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 451:472 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 451:472 Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were tested as Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. 27241899 3 64 theme Gram-positive 489:501 arg1 bacteria 521:528 Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria 489:528 Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria 489:528 Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were tested as Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. 27241899 3 64 theme Gram-positive 489:501 arg1 aureus 440:445 Staphylococcus aureus 425:445 Staphylococcus aureus 425:445 Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were tested as Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. 27241899 1 65 theme chitosan-poly 170:182 arg1 honey 213:217 chitosan-poly(vinyl alcohol)-gelatin-thyme honey 170:217 chitosan-poly(vinyl alcohol)-gelatin-thyme honey 170:217 In the present study, hydrogel films composed of chitosan-poly(vinyl alcohol)-gelatin-thyme honey were successfully prepared by casting method, and their anti-bacterial properties were modeled and optimized. 27241899 7 66 from analysis 1106:1113 arg1 data 1135:1138 the experimental data 1118:1138 the experimental data 1118:1138 Variance analysis on the experimental data shows that inhibition zone can be predicted effectively with quadratic models. 27241899 0 67 theme chitosan-based 59:72 arg1 films 83:87 the chitosan-based hydrogel films 55:87 the chitosan-based hydrogel films 55:87 Modeling and optimization of antibacterial activity of the chitosan-based hydrogel films using central composite design. 27241899 8 68 theme prepared 1296:1303 arg1 films 1314:1318 the prepared hydrogel films 1292:1318 the prepared hydrogel films 1292:1318 In addition, swelling properties and rate of water vapor transmission of the prepared hydrogel films were studied. 27241899 5 69 contain had 928:930 arg1 samples 920:926 the prepared samples 907:926 the prepared samples 907:926 The results indicated that the prepared samples had good antibacterial activities against these two studied bacteria strains. 27241899 5 69 contain had 928:930 arg2 activities 951:960 good antibacterial activities 932:960 good antibacterial activities 932:960 The results indicated that the prepared samples had good antibacterial activities against these two studied bacteria strains. 27241899 1 70 theme hydrogel 143:150 arg1 films 152:156 hydrogel films 143:156 hydrogel films composed of chitosan-poly(vinyl alcohol)-gelatin-thyme honey 143:217 In the present study, hydrogel films composed of chitosan-poly(vinyl alcohol)-gelatin-thyme honey were successfully prepared by casting method, and their anti-bacterial properties were modeled and optimized. 25127386 5 0 dep Cr 1007:1008 arg1 removal 1014:1020 removal 1014:1020 Cr(VI) removal 1007:1020 The heavy metal loaded composite membrane can be regenerated and reused after treatment with acid or alkali solution, making it a promising and practical adsorbent for Hg(II) and Cr(VI) removal. 25127386 5 0 dep Cr 1007:1008 arg1 VI 1010:1011 VI 1010:1011 VI 1010:1011 The heavy metal loaded composite membrane can be regenerated and reused after treatment with acid or alkali solution, making it a promising and practical adsorbent for Hg(II) and Cr(VI) removal. 25127386 6 1 theme good 1080:1083 arg1 performance 1085:1095 good performance 1080:1095 good performance 1080:1095 Tests with river water were also carried out, indicating good performance and application. 25127386 1 2 theme composite 122:130 arg1 PA 154:155 PA 154:155 PA 154:155 Conductive composite membrane-phytic acid (PA) doped polyaniline (PANI)/cellulose acetate (CA) (PANI-PA/CA) was prepared in a simple and environmental-friendly method, in which aniline was blended with CA/PA solution and polymerized before the phase conversion. 25127386 1 2 theme composite 122:130 arg1 acid 148:151 Conductive composite membrane-phytic acid 111:151 Conductive composite membrane-phytic acid (PA) doped polyaniline (PANI)/cellulose acetate (CA) (PANI-PA/CA) 111:217 Conductive composite membrane-phytic acid (PA) doped polyaniline (PANI)/cellulose acetate (CA) (PANI-PA/CA) was prepared in a simple and environmental-friendly method, in which aniline was blended with CA/PA solution and polymerized before the phase conversion. 25127386 2 3 theme SEM 429:431 arg1 measurements 479:490 SEM, EDX, FTIR-ATR, BET and electrical resistance measurements 429:490 SEM, EDX, FTIR-ATR, BET and electrical resistance measurements 429:490 The resultant composite membranes were characterized by SEM, EDX, FTIR-ATR, BET and electrical resistance measurements. 25127386 1 4 theme membrane-phytic 132:146 arg1 PA 154:155 PA 154:155 PA 154:155 Conductive composite membrane-phytic acid (PA) doped polyaniline (PANI)/cellulose acetate (CA) (PANI-PA/CA) was prepared in a simple and environmental-friendly method, in which aniline was blended with CA/PA solution and polymerized before the phase conversion. 25127386 1 4 theme membrane-phytic 132:146 arg1 acid 148:151 Conductive composite membrane-phytic acid 111:151 Conductive composite membrane-phytic acid (PA) doped polyaniline (PANI)/cellulose acetate (CA) (PANI-PA/CA) 111:217 Conductive composite membrane-phytic acid (PA) doped polyaniline (PANI)/cellulose acetate (CA) (PANI-PA/CA) was prepared in a simple and environmental-friendly method, in which aniline was blended with CA/PA solution and polymerized before the phase conversion. 25127386 0 5 theme phytic 43:48 arg1 acid 50:53 phytic acid 43:53 phytic acid doped polyaniline/cellulose acetate composite membrane 43:108 Removal of aqueous Hg(II) and Cr(VI) using phytic acid doped polyaniline/cellulose acetate composite membrane. 25127386 3 6 theme excellent 585:593 arg1 capability 606:615 excellent adsorption capability 585:615 excellent adsorption capability 585:615 When used as adsorbent for Hg(II) and Cr(VI) ions, the prepared composite membrane exhibits excellent adsorption capability. 25127386 4 7 theme Cr 647:648 arg1 adsorption 622:631 The adsorption 618:631 The adsorption of Hg(II) and Cr 618:648 The adsorption of Hg(II) and Cr(VI) follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and best fits the Langmuir isotherm model, with the maximum adsorption capacity reaching 280.11 and 94.34 mg g(-1), respectively. 25127386 5 8 theme alkali 929:934 arg1 solution 936:943 acid or alkali solution 921:943 solution 936:943 The heavy metal loaded composite membrane can be regenerated and reused after treatment with acid or alkali solution, making it a promising and practical adsorbent for Hg(II) and Cr(VI) removal. 25127386 2 9 theme BET 449:451 arg1 measurements 479:490 SEM, EDX, FTIR-ATR, BET and electrical resistance measurements 429:490 SEM, EDX, FTIR-ATR, BET and electrical resistance measurements 429:490 The resultant composite membranes were characterized by SEM, EDX, FTIR-ATR, BET and electrical resistance measurements. 25127386 5 10 with treatment 906:914 arg1 solution 936:943 acid or alkali solution 921:943 solution 936:943 The heavy metal loaded composite membrane can be regenerated and reused after treatment with acid or alkali solution, making it a promising and practical adsorbent for Hg(II) and Cr(VI) removal. 25127386 1 11 theme acid 148:151 arg1 acetate 193:199 Conductive composite membrane-phytic acid (PA) doped polyaniline (PANI)/cellulose acetate 111:199 Conductive composite membrane-phytic acid (PA) doped polyaniline (PANI)/cellulose acetate (CA) (PANI-PA/CA) 111:217 Conductive composite membrane-phytic acid (PA) doped polyaniline (PANI)/cellulose acetate (CA) (PANI-PA/CA) was prepared in a simple and environmental-friendly method, in which aniline was blended with CA/PA solution and polymerized before the phase conversion. 25127386 1 11 theme acid 148:151 arg1 CA 202:203 CA 202:203 CA 202:203 Conductive composite membrane-phytic acid (PA) doped polyaniline (PANI)/cellulose acetate (CA) (PANI-PA/CA) was prepared in a simple and environmental-friendly method, in which aniline was blended with CA/PA solution and polymerized before the phase conversion. 25127386 1 11 theme acid 148:151 arg1 PANI-PA/CA 207:216 PANI-PA/CA 207:216 PANI-PA/CA 207:216 Conductive composite membrane-phytic acid (PA) doped polyaniline (PANI)/cellulose acetate (CA) (PANI-PA/CA) was prepared in a simple and environmental-friendly method, in which aniline was blended with CA/PA solution and polymerized before the phase conversion. 25127386 2 12 theme FTIR-ATR 439:446 arg1 measurements 479:490 SEM, EDX, FTIR-ATR, BET and electrical resistance measurements 429:490 SEM, EDX, FTIR-ATR, BET and electrical resistance measurements 429:490 The resultant composite membranes were characterized by SEM, EDX, FTIR-ATR, BET and electrical resistance measurements. 25127386 4 13 theme mg 804:805 arg1 -1 809:810 -1 809:810 -1 809:810 The adsorption of Hg(II) and Cr(VI) follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and best fits the Langmuir isotherm model, with the maximum adsorption capacity reaching 280.11 and 94.34 mg g(-1), respectively. 25127386 4 13 theme mg 804:805 arg1 g 807:807 94.34 mg g 798:807 94.34 mg g(-1) 798:811 The adsorption of Hg(II) and Cr(VI) follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and best fits the Langmuir isotherm model, with the maximum adsorption capacity reaching 280.11 and 94.34 mg g(-1), respectively. 25127386 2 14 theme composite 387:395 arg1 membranes 397:405 The resultant composite membranes 373:405 The resultant composite membranes 373:405 The resultant composite membranes were characterized by SEM, EDX, FTIR-ATR, BET and electrical resistance measurements. 25127386 4 15 theme isotherm 725:732 arg1 model 734:738 the Langmuir isotherm model 712:738 the Langmuir isotherm model 712:738 The adsorption of Hg(II) and Cr(VI) follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and best fits the Langmuir isotherm model, with the maximum adsorption capacity reaching 280.11 and 94.34 mg g(-1), respectively. 25127386 5 16 theme loaded 844:849 arg1 membrane 861:868 loaded composite membrane 844:868 The heavy metal loaded composite membrane 828:868 The heavy metal loaded composite membrane can be regenerated and reused after treatment with acid or alkali solution, making it a promising and practical adsorbent for Hg(II) and Cr(VI) removal. 25127386 4 17 dep follows 654:660 arg1 VI 650:651 VI 650:651 VI 650:651 The adsorption of Hg(II) and Cr(VI) follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and best fits the Langmuir isotherm model, with the maximum adsorption capacity reaching 280.11 and 94.34 mg g(-1), respectively. 25127386 2 18 theme resultant 377:385 arg1 membranes 397:405 The resultant composite membranes 373:405 The resultant composite membranes 373:405 The resultant composite membranes were characterized by SEM, EDX, FTIR-ATR, BET and electrical resistance measurements. 25127386 4 19 theme Langmuir 716:723 arg1 model 734:738 the Langmuir isotherm model 712:738 the Langmuir isotherm model 712:738 The adsorption of Hg(II) and Cr(VI) follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and best fits the Langmuir isotherm model, with the maximum adsorption capacity reaching 280.11 and 94.34 mg g(-1), respectively. 25127386 3 20 theme adsorbent 506:514 arg1 ions 538:541 adsorbent for Hg(II) and Cr(VI) ions 506:541 adsorbent for Hg(II) and Cr(VI) ions 506:541 When used as adsorbent for Hg(II) and Cr(VI) ions, the prepared composite membrane exhibits excellent adsorption capability. 25127386 0 21 theme Hg 19:20 arg1 Removal 0:6 Removal 0:6 Removal of aqueous Hg(II) and Cr(VI) 0:35 Removal of aqueous Hg(II) and Cr(VI) using phytic acid doped polyaniline/cellulose acetate composite membrane. 25127386 4 22 theme Hg 636:637 arg1 adsorption 622:631 The adsorption 618:631 The adsorption of Hg(II) and Cr 618:648 The adsorption of Hg(II) and Cr(VI) follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and best fits the Langmuir isotherm model, with the maximum adsorption capacity reaching 280.11 and 94.34 mg g(-1), respectively. 25127386 0 23 theme acetate 83:89 arg1 membrane 101:108 polyaniline/cellulose acetate composite membrane 61:108 polyaniline/cellulose acetate composite membrane 61:108 Removal of aqueous Hg(II) and Cr(VI) using phytic acid doped polyaniline/cellulose acetate composite membrane. 25127386 6 24 with Tests 1023:1027 arg1 water 1040:1044 river water 1034:1044 river water 1034:1044 Tests with river water were also carried out, indicating good performance and application. 25127386 1 25 theme doped 158:162 arg1 acetate 193:199 Conductive composite membrane-phytic acid (PA) doped polyaniline (PANI)/cellulose acetate 111:199 Conductive composite membrane-phytic acid (PA) doped polyaniline (PANI)/cellulose acetate (CA) (PANI-PA/CA) 111:217 Conductive composite membrane-phytic acid (PA) doped polyaniline (PANI)/cellulose acetate (CA) (PANI-PA/CA) was prepared in a simple and environmental-friendly method, in which aniline was blended with CA/PA solution and polymerized before the phase conversion. 25127386 1 25 theme doped 158:162 arg1 CA 202:203 CA 202:203 CA 202:203 Conductive composite membrane-phytic acid (PA) doped polyaniline (PANI)/cellulose acetate (CA) (PANI-PA/CA) was prepared in a simple and environmental-friendly method, in which aniline was blended with CA/PA solution and polymerized before the phase conversion. 25127386 1 25 theme doped 158:162 arg1 PANI-PA/CA 207:216 PANI-PA/CA 207:216 PANI-PA/CA 207:216 Conductive composite membrane-phytic acid (PA) doped polyaniline (PANI)/cellulose acetate (CA) (PANI-PA/CA) was prepared in a simple and environmental-friendly method, in which aniline was blended with CA/PA solution and polymerized before the phase conversion. 25127386 0 26 theme aqueous 11:17 arg1 II 22:23 II 22:23 II 22:23 Removal of aqueous Hg(II) and Cr(VI) using phytic acid doped polyaniline/cellulose acetate composite membrane. 25127386 0 26 theme aqueous 11:17 arg1 Hg 19:20 aqueous Hg 11:20 aqueous Hg(II) 11:24 Removal of aqueous Hg(II) and Cr(VI) using phytic acid doped polyaniline/cellulose acetate composite membrane. 25127386 0 27 theme polyaniline/cellulose 61:81 arg1 membrane 101:108 polyaniline/cellulose acetate composite membrane 61:108 polyaniline/cellulose acetate composite membrane 61:108 Removal of aqueous Hg(II) and Cr(VI) using phytic acid doped polyaniline/cellulose acetate composite membrane. 25127386 1 28 theme CA/PA 313:317 arg1 solution 319:326 CA/PA solution 313:326 CA/PA solution 313:326 Conductive composite membrane-phytic acid (PA) doped polyaniline (PANI)/cellulose acetate (CA) (PANI-PA/CA) was prepared in a simple and environmental-friendly method, in which aniline was blended with CA/PA solution and polymerized before the phase conversion. 25127386 0 29 dep Cr 30:31 arg1 VI 33:34 VI 33:34 VI 33:34 Removal of aqueous Hg(II) and Cr(VI) using phytic acid doped polyaniline/cellulose acetate composite membrane. 25127386 1 30 theme polyaniline 164:174 arg1 acetate 193:199 Conductive composite membrane-phytic acid (PA) doped polyaniline (PANI)/cellulose acetate 111:199 Conductive composite membrane-phytic acid (PA) doped polyaniline (PANI)/cellulose acetate (CA) (PANI-PA/CA) 111:217 Conductive composite membrane-phytic acid (PA) doped polyaniline (PANI)/cellulose acetate (CA) (PANI-PA/CA) was prepared in a simple and environmental-friendly method, in which aniline was blended with CA/PA solution and polymerized before the phase conversion. 25127386 1 30 theme polyaniline 164:174 arg1 CA 202:203 CA 202:203 CA 202:203 Conductive composite membrane-phytic acid (PA) doped polyaniline (PANI)/cellulose acetate (CA) (PANI-PA/CA) was prepared in a simple and environmental-friendly method, in which aniline was blended with CA/PA solution and polymerized before the phase conversion. 25127386 1 30 theme polyaniline 164:174 arg1 PANI-PA/CA 207:216 PANI-PA/CA 207:216 PANI-PA/CA 207:216 Conductive composite membrane-phytic acid (PA) doped polyaniline (PANI)/cellulose acetate (CA) (PANI-PA/CA) was prepared in a simple and environmental-friendly method, in which aniline was blended with CA/PA solution and polymerized before the phase conversion. 25127386 2 31 theme resistance 468:477 arg1 measurements 479:490 SEM, EDX, FTIR-ATR, BET and electrical resistance measurements 429:490 SEM, EDX, FTIR-ATR, BET and electrical resistance measurements 429:490 The resultant composite membranes were characterized by SEM, EDX, FTIR-ATR, BET and electrical resistance measurements. 25127386 5 32 theme acid 921:924 arg1 solution 936:943 acid or alkali solution 921:943 solution 936:943 The heavy metal loaded composite membrane can be regenerated and reused after treatment with acid or alkali solution, making it a promising and practical adsorbent for Hg(II) and Cr(VI) removal. 25127386 6 33 theme river 1034:1038 arg1 water 1040:1044 river water 1034:1044 river water 1034:1044 Tests with river water were also carried out, indicating good performance and application. 25127386 3 34 dep Cr 531:532 arg1 VI 534:535 VI 534:535 VI 534:535 When used as adsorbent for Hg(II) and Cr(VI) ions, the prepared composite membrane exhibits excellent adsorption capability. 25127386 0 35 theme composite 91:99 arg1 membrane 101:108 polyaniline/cellulose acetate composite membrane 61:108 polyaniline/cellulose acetate composite membrane 61:108 Removal of aqueous Hg(II) and Cr(VI) using phytic acid doped polyaniline/cellulose acetate composite membrane. 25127386 4 36 theme kinetic 684:690 arg1 model 692:696 a pseudo-second-order kinetic model 662:696 a pseudo-second-order kinetic model 662:696 The adsorption of Hg(II) and Cr(VI) follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and best fits the Langmuir isotherm model, with the maximum adsorption capacity reaching 280.11 and 94.34 mg g(-1), respectively. 25127386 1 37 theme PANI 177:180 arg1 acetate 193:199 Conductive composite membrane-phytic acid (PA) doped polyaniline (PANI)/cellulose acetate 111:199 Conductive composite membrane-phytic acid (PA) doped polyaniline (PANI)/cellulose acetate (CA) (PANI-PA/CA) 111:217 Conductive composite membrane-phytic acid (PA) doped polyaniline (PANI)/cellulose acetate (CA) (PANI-PA/CA) was prepared in a simple and environmental-friendly method, in which aniline was blended with CA/PA solution and polymerized before the phase conversion. 25127386 1 37 theme PANI 177:180 arg1 CA 202:203 CA 202:203 CA 202:203 Conductive composite membrane-phytic acid (PA) doped polyaniline (PANI)/cellulose acetate (CA) (PANI-PA/CA) was prepared in a simple and environmental-friendly method, in which aniline was blended with CA/PA solution and polymerized before the phase conversion. 25127386 1 37 theme PANI 177:180 arg1 PANI-PA/CA 207:216 PANI-PA/CA 207:216 PANI-PA/CA 207:216 Conductive composite membrane-phytic acid (PA) doped polyaniline (PANI)/cellulose acetate (CA) (PANI-PA/CA) was prepared in a simple and environmental-friendly method, in which aniline was blended with CA/PA solution and polymerized before the phase conversion. 25127386 1 38 theme simple 237:242 arg1 method 271:276 a simple and environmental-friendly method 235:276 a simple and environmental-friendly method 235:276 Conductive composite membrane-phytic acid (PA) doped polyaniline (PANI)/cellulose acetate (CA) (PANI-PA/CA) was prepared in a simple and environmental-friendly method, in which aniline was blended with CA/PA solution and polymerized before the phase conversion. 25127386 4 39 theme adsorption 758:767 arg1 capacity 769:776 the maximum adsorption capacity 746:776 the maximum adsorption capacity 746:776 The adsorption of Hg(II) and Cr(VI) follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and best fits the Langmuir isotherm model, with the maximum adsorption capacity reaching 280.11 and 94.34 mg g(-1), respectively. 25127386 2 40 theme EDX 434:436 arg1 measurements 479:490 SEM, EDX, FTIR-ATR, BET and electrical resistance measurements 429:490 SEM, EDX, FTIR-ATR, BET and electrical resistance measurements 429:490 The resultant composite membranes were characterized by SEM, EDX, FTIR-ATR, BET and electrical resistance measurements. 25127386 2 41 theme electrical 457:466 arg1 resistance 468:477 electrical resistance 457:477 electrical resistance 457:477 The resultant composite membranes were characterized by SEM, EDX, FTIR-ATR, BET and electrical resistance measurements. 25127386 4 42 theme maximum 750:756 arg1 capacity 769:776 the maximum adsorption capacity 746:776 the maximum adsorption capacity 746:776 The adsorption of Hg(II) and Cr(VI) follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and best fits the Langmuir isotherm model, with the maximum adsorption capacity reaching 280.11 and 94.34 mg g(-1), respectively. 25127386 3 43 theme composite 557:565 arg1 membrane 567:574 the prepared composite membrane 544:574 the prepared composite membrane 544:574 When used as adsorbent for Hg(II) and Cr(VI) ions, the prepared composite membrane exhibits excellent adsorption capability. 25127386 1 44 theme environmental-friendly 248:269 arg1 method 271:276 a simple and environmental-friendly method 235:276 a simple and environmental-friendly method 235:276 Conductive composite membrane-phytic acid (PA) doped polyaniline (PANI)/cellulose acetate (CA) (PANI-PA/CA) was prepared in a simple and environmental-friendly method, in which aniline was blended with CA/PA solution and polymerized before the phase conversion. 25127386 5 45 dep metal 838:842 arg1 membrane 861:868 loaded composite membrane 844:868 The heavy metal loaded composite membrane 828:868 The heavy metal loaded composite membrane can be regenerated and reused after treatment with acid or alkali solution, making it a promising and practical adsorbent for Hg(II) and Cr(VI) removal. 25127386 1 46 theme phase 355:359 arg1 conversion 361:370 the phase conversion 351:370 the phase conversion 351:370 Conductive composite membrane-phytic acid (PA) doped polyaniline (PANI)/cellulose acetate (CA) (PANI-PA/CA) was prepared in a simple and environmental-friendly method, in which aniline was blended with CA/PA solution and polymerized before the phase conversion. 25127386 1 47 theme /cellulose 182:191 arg1 acetate 193:199 Conductive composite membrane-phytic acid (PA) doped polyaniline (PANI)/cellulose acetate 111:199 Conductive composite membrane-phytic acid (PA) doped polyaniline (PANI)/cellulose acetate (CA) (PANI-PA/CA) 111:217 Conductive composite membrane-phytic acid (PA) doped polyaniline (PANI)/cellulose acetate (CA) (PANI-PA/CA) was prepared in a simple and environmental-friendly method, in which aniline was blended with CA/PA solution and polymerized before the phase conversion. 25127386 1 47 theme /cellulose 182:191 arg1 CA 202:203 CA 202:203 CA 202:203 Conductive composite membrane-phytic acid (PA) doped polyaniline (PANI)/cellulose acetate (CA) (PANI-PA/CA) was prepared in a simple and environmental-friendly method, in which aniline was blended with CA/PA solution and polymerized before the phase conversion. 25127386 1 47 theme /cellulose 182:191 arg1 PANI-PA/CA 207:216 PANI-PA/CA 207:216 PANI-PA/CA 207:216 Conductive composite membrane-phytic acid (PA) doped polyaniline (PANI)/cellulose acetate (CA) (PANI-PA/CA) was prepared in a simple and environmental-friendly method, in which aniline was blended with CA/PA solution and polymerized before the phase conversion. 25127386 3 48 theme prepared 548:555 arg1 membrane 567:574 the prepared composite membrane 544:574 the prepared composite membrane 544:574 When used as adsorbent for Hg(II) and Cr(VI) ions, the prepared composite membrane exhibits excellent adsorption capability. 25127386 4 49 theme pseudo-second-order 664:682 arg1 model 692:696 a pseudo-second-order kinetic model 662:696 a pseudo-second-order kinetic model 662:696 The adsorption of Hg(II) and Cr(VI) follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and best fits the Langmuir isotherm model, with the maximum adsorption capacity reaching 280.11 and 94.34 mg g(-1), respectively. 25127386 0 50 theme Cr 30:31 arg1 Removal 0:6 Removal 0:6 Removal of aqueous Hg(II) and Cr(VI) 0:35 Removal of aqueous Hg(II) and Cr(VI) using phytic acid doped polyaniline/cellulose acetate composite membrane. 25127386 3 51 theme adsorption 595:604 arg1 capability 606:615 excellent adsorption capability 585:615 excellent adsorption capability 585:615 When used as adsorbent for Hg(II) and Cr(VI) ions, the prepared composite membrane exhibits excellent adsorption capability. 25127386 5 52 theme composite 851:859 arg1 membrane 861:868 loaded composite membrane 844:868 The heavy metal loaded composite membrane 828:868 The heavy metal loaded composite membrane can be regenerated and reused after treatment with acid or alkali solution, making it a promising and practical adsorbent for Hg(II) and Cr(VI) removal. 25127386 1 53 theme Conductive 111:120 arg1 PA 154:155 PA 154:155 PA 154:155 Conductive composite membrane-phytic acid (PA) doped polyaniline (PANI)/cellulose acetate (CA) (PANI-PA/CA) was prepared in a simple and environmental-friendly method, in which aniline was blended with CA/PA solution and polymerized before the phase conversion. 25127386 1 53 theme Conductive 111:120 arg1 acid 148:151 Conductive composite membrane-phytic acid 111:151 Conductive composite membrane-phytic acid (PA) doped polyaniline (PANI)/cellulose acetate (CA) (PANI-PA/CA) 111:217 Conductive composite membrane-phytic acid (PA) doped polyaniline (PANI)/cellulose acetate (CA) (PANI-PA/CA) was prepared in a simple and environmental-friendly method, in which aniline was blended with CA/PA solution and polymerized before the phase conversion. 25459822 0 0 theme low 85:87 arg1 loadings 96:103 low enzyme loadings 85:103 low enzyme loadings 85:103 Enzymatic hydrolysis of steam-exploded sugarcane bagasse using high total solids and low enzyme loadings. 25459822 4 1 theme glucan 775:780 arg1 conversion 782:791 a total glucan conversion 767:791 a total glucan conversion of 69.2wt% 767:802 The highest amount of fermentable sugars was obtained with 20wt% TS, producing 76.8gL(-1) of glucose equivalents, which corresponded to a total glucan conversion of 69.2wt% and to a theoretical net increase of 39% in ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars. 25459822 4 2 theme highest 635:641 arg1 amount 643:648 The highest amount 631:648 The highest amount of fermentable sugars 631:670 The highest amount of fermentable sugars was obtained with 20wt% TS, producing 76.8gL(-1) of glucose equivalents, which corresponded to a total glucan conversion of 69.2wt% and to a theoretical net increase of 39% in ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars. 25459822 4 2 theme highest 635:641 arg1 sugars 665:670 fermentable sugars 653:670 fermentable sugars 653:670 The highest amount of fermentable sugars was obtained with 20wt% TS, producing 76.8gL(-1) of glucose equivalents, which corresponded to a total glucan conversion of 69.2wt% and to a theoretical net increase of 39% in ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars. 25459822 4 3 theme leaves 930:935 arg1 use 923:925 the use 919:925 the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars 919:982 The highest amount of fermentable sugars was obtained with 20wt% TS, producing 76.8gL(-1) of glucose equivalents, which corresponded to a total glucan conversion of 69.2wt% and to a theoretical net increase of 39% in ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars. 25459822 1 4 from intensity 327:335 arg1 design 238:243 a face-centered central composite design 204:243 a face-centered central composite design in which the process variables were the substrate total solids (TS, %), agitation intensity (AI, rpm) and enzyme loading (EL, gg(-1)) 204:377 Hydrolysis of phosphoric acid-impregnated steam-treated sugarcane bagasse was pre-optimized using a face-centered central composite design in which the process variables were the substrate total solids (TS, %), agitation intensity (AI, rpm) and enzyme loading (EL, gg(-1)). 25459822 1 5 theme substrate 285:293 arg1 variables 266:274 the process variables 254:274 the process variables 254:274 Hydrolysis of phosphoric acid-impregnated steam-treated sugarcane bagasse was pre-optimized using a face-centered central composite design in which the process variables were the substrate total solids (TS, %), agitation intensity (AI, rpm) and enzyme loading (EL, gg(-1)). 25459822 1 5 theme substrate 285:293 arg1 solids 301:306 the substrate total solids 281:306 the substrate total solids (TS, %) 281:314 Hydrolysis of phosphoric acid-impregnated steam-treated sugarcane bagasse was pre-optimized using a face-centered central composite design in which the process variables were the substrate total solids (TS, %), agitation intensity (AI, rpm) and enzyme loading (EL, gg(-1)). 25459822 2 6 theme moisture 458:465 arg1 content 467:473 50wt% moisture content 452:473 50wt% moisture content containing 9.5mg of H3PO4 per gram of dry biomass 452:523 Pretreatment was carried out at 180°C for 10min using cane bagasse with 50wt% moisture content containing 9.5mg of H3PO4 per gram of dry biomass. 25459822 2 7 theme biomass 517:523 arg1 gram 505:508 gram 505:508 gram of dry biomass 505:523 Pretreatment was carried out at 180°C for 10min using cane bagasse with 50wt% moisture content containing 9.5mg of H3PO4 per gram of dry biomass. 25459822 4 8 from sugarcane 881:889 arg1 % 843:843 39% 841:843 39% in ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars 841:982 The highest amount of fermentable sugars was obtained with 20wt% TS, producing 76.8gL(-1) of glucose equivalents, which corresponded to a total glucan conversion of 69.2wt% and to a theoretical net increase of 39% in ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars. 25459822 4 8 from sugarcane 881:889 arg1 production 856:865 ethanol production 848:865 ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars 848:982 The highest amount of fermentable sugars was obtained with 20wt% TS, producing 76.8gL(-1) of glucose equivalents, which corresponded to a total glucan conversion of 69.2wt% and to a theoretical net increase of 39% in ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars. 25459822 4 9 theme tops 938:941 arg1 use 923:925 the use 919:925 the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars 919:982 The highest amount of fermentable sugars was obtained with 20wt% TS, producing 76.8gL(-1) of glucose equivalents, which corresponded to a total glucan conversion of 69.2wt% and to a theoretical net increase of 39% in ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars. 25459822 1 10 theme total 295:299 arg1 variables 266:274 the process variables 254:274 the process variables 254:274 Hydrolysis of phosphoric acid-impregnated steam-treated sugarcane bagasse was pre-optimized using a face-centered central composite design in which the process variables were the substrate total solids (TS, %), agitation intensity (AI, rpm) and enzyme loading (EL, gg(-1)). 25459822 1 10 theme total 295:299 arg1 solids 301:306 the substrate total solids 281:306 the substrate total solids (TS, %) 281:314 Hydrolysis of phosphoric acid-impregnated steam-treated sugarcane bagasse was pre-optimized using a face-centered central composite design in which the process variables were the substrate total solids (TS, %), agitation intensity (AI, rpm) and enzyme loading (EL, gg(-1)). 25459822 0 11 theme enzyme 89:94 arg1 loadings 96:103 low enzyme loadings 85:103 low enzyme loadings 85:103 Enzymatic hydrolysis of steam-exploded sugarcane bagasse using high total solids and low enzyme loadings. 25459822 4 12 theme total 769:773 arg1 conversion 782:791 a total glucan conversion 767:791 a total glucan conversion of 69.2wt% 767:802 The highest amount of fermentable sugars was obtained with 20wt% TS, producing 76.8gL(-1) of glucose equivalents, which corresponded to a total glucan conversion of 69.2wt% and to a theoretical net increase of 39% in ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars. 25459822 2 13 theme dry 513:515 arg1 biomass 517:523 dry biomass 513:523 dry biomass 513:523 Pretreatment was carried out at 180°C for 10min using cane bagasse with 50wt% moisture content containing 9.5mg of H3PO4 per gram of dry biomass. 25459822 2 14 with bagasse 439:445 arg1 content 467:473 50wt% moisture content 452:473 50wt% moisture content containing 9.5mg of H3PO4 per gram of dry biomass 452:523 Pretreatment was carried out at 180°C for 10min using cane bagasse with 50wt% moisture content containing 9.5mg of H3PO4 per gram of dry biomass. 25459822 4 15 theme % 694:694 arg1 TS 696:697 20wt% TS 690:697 20wt% TS 690:697 The highest amount of fermentable sugars was obtained with 20wt% TS, producing 76.8gL(-1) of glucose equivalents, which corresponded to a total glucan conversion of 69.2wt% and to a theoretical net increase of 39% in ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars. 25459822 4 16 theme same 876:879 arg1 sugarcane 881:889 the same sugarcane 872:889 the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars 872:982 The highest amount of fermentable sugars was obtained with 20wt% TS, producing 76.8gL(-1) of glucose equivalents, which corresponded to a total glucan conversion of 69.2wt% and to a theoretical net increase of 39% in ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars. 25459822 4 17 theme fermentable 653:663 arg1 sugars 665:670 fermentable sugars 653:670 fermentable sugars 653:670 The highest amount of fermentable sugars was obtained with 20wt% TS, producing 76.8gL(-1) of glucose equivalents, which corresponded to a total glucan conversion of 69.2wt% and to a theoretical net increase of 39% in ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars. 25459822 2 18 theme 50wt 452:455 arg1 content 467:473 50wt% moisture content 452:473 50wt% moisture content containing 9.5mg of H3PO4 per gram of dry biomass 452:523 Pretreatment was carried out at 180°C for 10min using cane bagasse with 50wt% moisture content containing 9.5mg of H3PO4 per gram of dry biomass. 25459822 1 19 dep intensity 327:335 arg1 rpm 342:344 rpm 342:344 rpm 342:344 Hydrolysis of phosphoric acid-impregnated steam-treated sugarcane bagasse was pre-optimized using a face-centered central composite design in which the process variables were the substrate total solids (TS, %), agitation intensity (AI, rpm) and enzyme loading (EL, gg(-1)). 25459822 1 19 dep intensity 327:335 arg1 AI 338:339 AI 338:339 AI 338:339 Hydrolysis of phosphoric acid-impregnated steam-treated sugarcane bagasse was pre-optimized using a face-centered central composite design in which the process variables were the substrate total solids (TS, %), agitation intensity (AI, rpm) and enzyme loading (EL, gg(-1)). 25459822 2 20 contain containing 475:484 arg1 content 467:473 50wt% moisture content 452:473 50wt% moisture content containing 9.5mg of H3PO4 per gram of dry biomass 452:523 Pretreatment was carried out at 180°C for 10min using cane bagasse with 50wt% moisture content containing 9.5mg of H3PO4 per gram of dry biomass. 25459822 2 20 contain containing 475:484 arg2 9.5mg 486:490 9.5mg 486:490 9.5mg of H3PO4 per gram of dry biomass 486:523 Pretreatment was carried out at 180°C for 10min using cane bagasse with 50wt% moisture content containing 9.5mg of H3PO4 per gram of dry biomass. 25459822 4 21 theme % 843:843 arg1 increase 829:836 a theoretical net increase 811:836 a theoretical net increase of 39% in ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars 811:982 The highest amount of fermentable sugars was obtained with 20wt% TS, producing 76.8gL(-1) of glucose equivalents, which corresponded to a total glucan conversion of 69.2wt% and to a theoretical net increase of 39% in ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars. 25459822 1 22 theme enzyme 351:356 arg1 loading 358:364 enzyme loading 351:364 enzyme loading (EL, gg(-1)) 351:377 Hydrolysis of phosphoric acid-impregnated steam-treated sugarcane bagasse was pre-optimized using a face-centered central composite design in which the process variables were the substrate total solids (TS, %), agitation intensity (AI, rpm) and enzyme loading (EL, gg(-1)). 25459822 1 23 from loading 358:364 arg1 design 238:243 a face-centered central composite design 204:243 a face-centered central composite design in which the process variables were the substrate total solids (TS, %), agitation intensity (AI, rpm) and enzyme loading (EL, gg(-1)) 204:377 Hydrolysis of phosphoric acid-impregnated steam-treated sugarcane bagasse was pre-optimized using a face-centered central composite design in which the process variables were the substrate total solids (TS, %), agitation intensity (AI, rpm) and enzyme loading (EL, gg(-1)). 25459822 4 24 theme ethanol 848:854 arg1 production 856:865 ethanol production 848:865 ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars 848:982 The highest amount of fermentable sugars was obtained with 20wt% TS, producing 76.8gL(-1) of glucose equivalents, which corresponded to a total glucan conversion of 69.2wt% and to a theoretical net increase of 39% in ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars. 25459822 1 25 theme face-centered 206:218 arg1 design 238:243 a face-centered central composite design 204:243 a face-centered central composite design in which the process variables were the substrate total solids (TS, %), agitation intensity (AI, rpm) and enzyme loading (EL, gg(-1)) 204:377 Hydrolysis of phosphoric acid-impregnated steam-treated sugarcane bagasse was pre-optimized using a face-centered central composite design in which the process variables were the substrate total solids (TS, %), agitation intensity (AI, rpm) and enzyme loading (EL, gg(-1)). 25459822 0 26 theme Enzymatic 0:8 arg1 hydrolysis 10:19 Enzymatic hydrolysis 0:19 Enzymatic hydrolysis of steam-exploded sugarcane 0:47 Enzymatic hydrolysis of steam-exploded sugarcane bagasse using high total solids and low enzyme loadings. 25459822 1 27 theme central 220:226 arg1 design 238:243 a face-centered central composite design 204:243 a face-centered central composite design in which the process variables were the substrate total solids (TS, %), agitation intensity (AI, rpm) and enzyme loading (EL, gg(-1)) 204:377 Hydrolysis of phosphoric acid-impregnated steam-treated sugarcane bagasse was pre-optimized using a face-centered central composite design in which the process variables were the substrate total solids (TS, %), agitation intensity (AI, rpm) and enzyme loading (EL, gg(-1)). 25459822 0 28 theme steam-exploded 24:37 arg1 sugarcane 39:47 steam-exploded sugarcane 24:47 steam-exploded sugarcane 24:47 Enzymatic hydrolysis of steam-exploded sugarcane bagasse using high total solids and low enzyme loadings. 25459822 4 29 from use 923:925 arg1 sugars 977:982 C5 sugars 974:982 C5 sugars 974:982 The highest amount of fermentable sugars was obtained with 20wt% TS, producing 76.8gL(-1) of glucose equivalents, which corresponded to a total glucan conversion of 69.2wt% and to a theoretical net increase of 39% in ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars. 25459822 4 30 theme theoretical 813:823 arg1 increase 829:836 a theoretical net increase 811:836 a theoretical net increase of 39% in ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars 811:982 The highest amount of fermentable sugars was obtained with 20wt% TS, producing 76.8gL(-1) of glucose equivalents, which corresponded to a total glucan conversion of 69.2wt% and to a theoretical net increase of 39% in ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars. 25459822 4 31 theme equivalents 732:742 arg1 -1 717:718 -1 717:718 -1 717:718 The highest amount of fermentable sugars was obtained with 20wt% TS, producing 76.8gL(-1) of glucose equivalents, which corresponded to a total glucan conversion of 69.2wt% and to a theoretical net increase of 39% in ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars. 25459822 4 31 theme equivalents 732:742 arg1 76.8gL 710:715 76.8gL 710:715 76.8gL(-1) of glucose equivalents, which corresponded to a total glucan conversion of 69.2wt% and to a theoretical net increase of 39% in ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars 710:982 The highest amount of fermentable sugars was obtained with 20wt% TS, producing 76.8gL(-1) of glucose equivalents, which corresponded to a total glucan conversion of 69.2wt% and to a theoretical net increase of 39% in ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars. 25459822 4 32 theme 20wt 690:693 arg1 TS 696:697 20wt% TS 690:697 20wt% TS 690:697 The highest amount of fermentable sugars was obtained with 20wt% TS, producing 76.8gL(-1) of glucose equivalents, which corresponded to a total glucan conversion of 69.2wt% and to a theoretical net increase of 39% in ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars. 25459822 4 33 theme C5 974:975 arg1 sugars 977:982 C5 sugars 974:982 C5 sugars 974:982 The highest amount of fermentable sugars was obtained with 20wt% TS, producing 76.8gL(-1) of glucose equivalents, which corresponded to a total glucan conversion of 69.2wt% and to a theoretical net increase of 39% in ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars. 25459822 1 34 theme composite 228:236 arg1 design 238:243 a face-centered central composite design 204:243 a face-centered central composite design in which the process variables were the substrate total solids (TS, %), agitation intensity (AI, rpm) and enzyme loading (EL, gg(-1)) 204:377 Hydrolysis of phosphoric acid-impregnated steam-treated sugarcane bagasse was pre-optimized using a face-centered central composite design in which the process variables were the substrate total solids (TS, %), agitation intensity (AI, rpm) and enzyme loading (EL, gg(-1)). 25459822 1 35 from solids 301:306 arg1 design 238:243 a face-centered central composite design 204:243 a face-centered central composite design in which the process variables were the substrate total solids (TS, %), agitation intensity (AI, rpm) and enzyme loading (EL, gg(-1)) 204:377 Hydrolysis of phosphoric acid-impregnated steam-treated sugarcane bagasse was pre-optimized using a face-centered central composite design in which the process variables were the substrate total solids (TS, %), agitation intensity (AI, rpm) and enzyme loading (EL, gg(-1)). 25459822 4 36 from increase 829:836 arg1 production 856:865 ethanol production 848:865 ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars 848:982 The highest amount of fermentable sugars was obtained with 20wt% TS, producing 76.8gL(-1) of glucose equivalents, which corresponded to a total glucan conversion of 69.2wt% and to a theoretical net increase of 39% in ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars. 25459822 3 37 theme Cellic 574:579 arg1 substrates 619:628 Cellic CTec2® and water-washed steam-treated substrates 574:628 Cellic CTec2® and water-washed steam-treated substrates 574:628 Hydrolyses were performed for 96h at 50°C using Cellic CTec2® and water-washed steam-treated substrates. 25459822 4 38 theme glucose 724:730 arg1 equivalents 732:742 glucose equivalents 724:742 glucose equivalents 724:742 The highest amount of fermentable sugars was obtained with 20wt% TS, producing 76.8gL(-1) of glucose equivalents, which corresponded to a total glucan conversion of 69.2wt% and to a theoretical net increase of 39% in ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars. 25459822 4 39 from sugars 977:982 arg1 yields 962:967 the additional yields 947:967 the additional yields from C5 sugars 947:982 The highest amount of fermentable sugars was obtained with 20wt% TS, producing 76.8gL(-1) of glucose equivalents, which corresponded to a total glucan conversion of 69.2wt% and to a theoretical net increase of 39% in ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars. 25459822 4 39 from sugars 977:982 arg1 use 923:925 the use 919:925 the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars 919:982 The highest amount of fermentable sugars was obtained with 20wt% TS, producing 76.8gL(-1) of glucose equivalents, which corresponded to a total glucan conversion of 69.2wt% and to a theoretical net increase of 39% in ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars. 25459822 0 40 theme sugarcane 39:47 arg1 hydrolysis 10:19 Enzymatic hydrolysis 0:19 Enzymatic hydrolysis of steam-exploded sugarcane 0:47 Enzymatic hydrolysis of steam-exploded sugarcane bagasse using high total solids and low enzyme loadings. 25459822 4 41 theme net 825:827 arg1 increase 829:836 a theoretical net increase 811:836 a theoretical net increase of 39% in ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars 811:982 The highest amount of fermentable sugars was obtained with 20wt% TS, producing 76.8gL(-1) of glucose equivalents, which corresponded to a total glucan conversion of 69.2wt% and to a theoretical net increase of 39% in ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars. 25459822 0 42 theme high 63:66 arg1 solids 74:79 high total solids 63:79 high total solids 63:79 Enzymatic hydrolysis of steam-exploded sugarcane bagasse using high total solids and low enzyme loadings. 25459822 1 43 dep loading 358:364 arg1 gg 371:372 gg(-1) 371:376 gg(-1) 371:376 Hydrolysis of phosphoric acid-impregnated steam-treated sugarcane bagasse was pre-optimized using a face-centered central composite design in which the process variables were the substrate total solids (TS, %), agitation intensity (AI, rpm) and enzyme loading (EL, gg(-1)). 25459822 1 43 dep loading 358:364 arg1 EL 367:368 EL 367:368 EL 367:368 Hydrolysis of phosphoric acid-impregnated steam-treated sugarcane bagasse was pre-optimized using a face-centered central composite design in which the process variables were the substrate total solids (TS, %), agitation intensity (AI, rpm) and enzyme loading (EL, gg(-1)). 25459822 4 44 theme % 802:802 arg1 conversion 782:791 a total glucan conversion 767:791 a total glucan conversion of 69.2wt% 767:802 The highest amount of fermentable sugars was obtained with 20wt% TS, producing 76.8gL(-1) of glucose equivalents, which corresponded to a total glucan conversion of 69.2wt% and to a theoretical net increase of 39% in ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars. 25459822 2 45 theme cane 434:437 arg1 bagasse 439:445 cane bagasse 434:445 cane bagasse with 50wt% moisture content containing 9.5mg of H3PO4 per gram of dry biomass 434:523 Pretreatment was carried out at 180°C for 10min using cane bagasse with 50wt% moisture content containing 9.5mg of H3PO4 per gram of dry biomass. 25459822 4 46 theme tonnage 891:897 arg1 sugarcane 881:889 the same sugarcane 872:889 the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars 872:982 The highest amount of fermentable sugars was obtained with 20wt% TS, producing 76.8gL(-1) of glucose equivalents, which corresponded to a total glucan conversion of 69.2wt% and to a theoretical net increase of 39% in ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars. 25459822 1 47 theme agitation 317:325 arg1 intensity 327:335 agitation intensity 317:335 agitation intensity (AI, rpm) 317:345 Hydrolysis of phosphoric acid-impregnated steam-treated sugarcane bagasse was pre-optimized using a face-centered central composite design in which the process variables were the substrate total solids (TS, %), agitation intensity (AI, rpm) and enzyme loading (EL, gg(-1)). 25459822 4 48 theme 69.2wt 796:801 arg1 % 802:802 69.2wt% 796:802 69.2wt% 796:802 The highest amount of fermentable sugars was obtained with 20wt% TS, producing 76.8gL(-1) of glucose equivalents, which corresponded to a total glucan conversion of 69.2wt% and to a theoretical net increase of 39% in ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars. 25459822 3 49 theme water-washed 592:603 arg1 substrates 619:628 Cellic CTec2® and water-washed steam-treated substrates 574:628 Cellic CTec2® and water-washed steam-treated substrates 574:628 Hydrolyses were performed for 96h at 50°C using Cellic CTec2® and water-washed steam-treated substrates. 25459822 3 50 theme steam-treated 605:617 arg1 substrates 619:628 Cellic CTec2® and water-washed steam-treated substrates 574:628 Cellic CTec2® and water-washed steam-treated substrates 574:628 Hydrolyses were performed for 96h at 50°C using Cellic CTec2® and water-washed steam-treated substrates. 25459822 1 51 theme phosphoric 120:129 arg1 bagasse 172:178 phosphoric acid-impregnated steam-treated sugarcane bagasse 120:178 phosphoric acid-impregnated steam-treated sugarcane bagasse 120:178 Hydrolysis of phosphoric acid-impregnated steam-treated sugarcane bagasse was pre-optimized using a face-centered central composite design in which the process variables were the substrate total solids (TS, %), agitation intensity (AI, rpm) and enzyme loading (EL, gg(-1)). 25459822 4 52 theme additional 951:960 arg1 yields 962:967 the additional yields 947:967 the additional yields from C5 sugars 947:982 The highest amount of fermentable sugars was obtained with 20wt% TS, producing 76.8gL(-1) of glucose equivalents, which corresponded to a total glucan conversion of 69.2wt% and to a theoretical net increase of 39% in ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars. 25459822 4 53 from % 843:843 arg1 production 856:865 ethanol production 848:865 ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars 848:982 The highest amount of fermentable sugars was obtained with 20wt% TS, producing 76.8gL(-1) of glucose equivalents, which corresponded to a total glucan conversion of 69.2wt% and to a theoretical net increase of 39% in ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars. 25459822 4 53 from % 843:843 arg1 sugarcane 881:889 the same sugarcane 872:889 the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars 872:982 The highest amount of fermentable sugars was obtained with 20wt% TS, producing 76.8gL(-1) of glucose equivalents, which corresponded to a total glucan conversion of 69.2wt% and to a theoretical net increase of 39% in ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars. 25459822 1 54 dep solids 301:306 arg1 % 313:313 % 313:313 % 313:313 Hydrolysis of phosphoric acid-impregnated steam-treated sugarcane bagasse was pre-optimized using a face-centered central composite design in which the process variables were the substrate total solids (TS, %), agitation intensity (AI, rpm) and enzyme loading (EL, gg(-1)). 25459822 1 54 dep solids 301:306 arg1 TS 309:310 TS 309:310 TS 309:310 Hydrolysis of phosphoric acid-impregnated steam-treated sugarcane bagasse was pre-optimized using a face-centered central composite design in which the process variables were the substrate total solids (TS, %), agitation intensity (AI, rpm) and enzyme loading (EL, gg(-1)). 25459822 1 55 theme acid-impregnated 131:146 arg1 bagasse 172:178 phosphoric acid-impregnated steam-treated sugarcane bagasse 120:178 phosphoric acid-impregnated steam-treated sugarcane bagasse 120:178 Hydrolysis of phosphoric acid-impregnated steam-treated sugarcane bagasse was pre-optimized using a face-centered central composite design in which the process variables were the substrate total solids (TS, %), agitation intensity (AI, rpm) and enzyme loading (EL, gg(-1)). 25459822 2 56 theme H3PO4 495:499 arg1 9.5mg 486:490 9.5mg 486:490 9.5mg of H3PO4 per gram of dry biomass 486:523 Pretreatment was carried out at 180°C for 10min using cane bagasse with 50wt% moisture content containing 9.5mg of H3PO4 per gram of dry biomass. 25459822 3 57 theme CTec2® 581:586 arg1 substrates 619:628 Cellic CTec2® and water-washed steam-treated substrates 574:628 Cellic CTec2® and water-washed steam-treated substrates 574:628 Hydrolyses were performed for 96h at 50°C using Cellic CTec2® and water-washed steam-treated substrates. 25459822 4 58 theme sugars 665:670 arg1 amount 643:648 The highest amount 631:648 The highest amount of fermentable sugars 631:670 The highest amount of fermentable sugars was obtained with 20wt% TS, producing 76.8gL(-1) of glucose equivalents, which corresponded to a total glucan conversion of 69.2wt% and to a theoretical net increase of 39% in ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars. 25459822 4 58 theme sugars 665:670 arg1 sugars 665:670 fermentable sugars 653:670 fermentable sugars 653:670 The highest amount of fermentable sugars was obtained with 20wt% TS, producing 76.8gL(-1) of glucose equivalents, which corresponded to a total glucan conversion of 69.2wt% and to a theoretical net increase of 39% in ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars. 25459822 1 59 theme steam-treated 148:160 arg1 bagasse 172:178 phosphoric acid-impregnated steam-treated sugarcane bagasse 120:178 phosphoric acid-impregnated steam-treated sugarcane bagasse 120:178 Hydrolysis of phosphoric acid-impregnated steam-treated sugarcane bagasse was pre-optimized using a face-centered central composite design in which the process variables were the substrate total solids (TS, %), agitation intensity (AI, rpm) and enzyme loading (EL, gg(-1)). 25459822 1 60 theme process 258:264 arg1 variables 266:274 the process variables 254:274 the process variables 254:274 Hydrolysis of phosphoric acid-impregnated steam-treated sugarcane bagasse was pre-optimized using a face-centered central composite design in which the process variables were the substrate total solids (TS, %), agitation intensity (AI, rpm) and enzyme loading (EL, gg(-1)). 25459822 1 60 theme process 258:264 arg1 solids 301:306 the substrate total solids 281:306 the substrate total solids (TS, %) 281:314 Hydrolysis of phosphoric acid-impregnated steam-treated sugarcane bagasse was pre-optimized using a face-centered central composite design in which the process variables were the substrate total solids (TS, %), agitation intensity (AI, rpm) and enzyme loading (EL, gg(-1)). 25459822 1 61 theme sugarcane 162:170 arg1 bagasse 172:178 phosphoric acid-impregnated steam-treated sugarcane bagasse 120:178 phosphoric acid-impregnated steam-treated sugarcane bagasse 120:178 Hydrolysis of phosphoric acid-impregnated steam-treated sugarcane bagasse was pre-optimized using a face-centered central composite design in which the process variables were the substrate total solids (TS, %), agitation intensity (AI, rpm) and enzyme loading (EL, gg(-1)). 25459822 4 62 theme yields 962:967 arg1 use 923:925 the use 919:925 the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars 919:982 The highest amount of fermentable sugars was obtained with 20wt% TS, producing 76.8gL(-1) of glucose equivalents, which corresponded to a total glucan conversion of 69.2wt% and to a theoretical net increase of 39% in ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars. 25459822 4 63 from production 856:865 arg1 increase 829:836 a theoretical net increase 811:836 a theoretical net increase of 39% in ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars 811:982 The highest amount of fermentable sugars was obtained with 20wt% TS, producing 76.8gL(-1) of glucose equivalents, which corresponded to a total glucan conversion of 69.2wt% and to a theoretical net increase of 39% in ethanol production from the same sugarcane tonnage without considering the use of leaves, tops and the additional yields from C5 sugars. 25459822 0 64 theme total 68:72 arg1 solids 74:79 high total solids 63:79 high total solids 63:79 Enzymatic hydrolysis of steam-exploded sugarcane bagasse using high total solids and low enzyme loadings. 25459822 1 65 theme bagasse 172:178 arg1 Hydrolysis 106:115 Hydrolysis 106:115 Hydrolysis of phosphoric acid-impregnated steam-treated sugarcane bagasse 106:178 Hydrolysis of phosphoric acid-impregnated steam-treated sugarcane bagasse was pre-optimized using a face-centered central composite design in which the process variables were the substrate total solids (TS, %), agitation intensity (AI, rpm) and enzyme loading (EL, gg(-1)). 25459822 2 66 theme % 456:456 arg1 content 467:473 50wt% moisture content 452:473 50wt% moisture content containing 9.5mg of H3PO4 per gram of dry biomass 452:523 Pretreatment was carried out at 180°C for 10min using cane bagasse with 50wt% moisture content containing 9.5mg of H3PO4 per gram of dry biomass. 26344312 1 0 from composition 140:150 arg1 MMBJ 247:250 the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ 211:250 the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ 211:250 The chemical composition and structural characterization of exopolysaccharides from the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ are described, and the immunomodulatory activity of a purified β-glucan was evaluated. 26344312 6 1 theme molar 879:883 arg1 SEPS-005R 915:923 SEPS-005R 915:923 SEPS-005R 915:923 Tests conducted with macrophages showed that the high molar mass (1→6)-β-glucan fraction (SEPS-005R) induced a pro-inflammatory response pattern. 26344312 6 1 theme molar 879:883 arg1 fraction 905:912 the high molar mass (1→6)-β-glucan fraction 870:912 the high molar mass (1→6)-β-glucan fraction (SEPS-005R) 870:924 Tests conducted with macrophages showed that the high molar mass (1→6)-β-glucan fraction (SEPS-005R) induced a pro-inflammatory response pattern. 26344312 5 2 from total 645:649 arg1 -β-glucan 769:777 the branched (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucan 746:777 the branched (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucan 746:777 From a total of 2.2g/L of EPS produced by L. theobromae through submerged fermentation, 1.5g/L (67%) was of the branched (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucan, while 25% (w/w) were linear (1→6)-β-glucans. 26344312 3 3 from insoluble 457:465 arg1 water 475:479 cold water 470:479 cold water 470:479 One, fraction PEPS, was a branched (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucan and was insoluble in cold water. 26344312 2 4 theme theobromae 342:351 arg1 MMBJ 353:356 L. theobromae MMBJ 339:356 L. theobromae MMBJ 339:356 L. theobromae MMBJ produced three different β-glucans. 26344312 0 5 theme Lasiodiplodia 37:49 arg1 MMBJ 62:65 Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ 37:65 Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ 37:65 (1→6)- and (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucans from Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ: Structural characterization and pro-inflammatory activity. 26344312 3 6 theme cold 470:473 arg1 water 475:479 cold water 470:479 cold water 470:479 One, fraction PEPS, was a branched (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucan and was insoluble in cold water. 26344312 5 7 theme 1→6 765:767 arg1 -β-glucan 769:777 the branched (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucan 746:777 the branched (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucan 746:777 From a total of 2.2g/L of EPS produced by L. theobromae through submerged fermentation, 1.5g/L (67%) was of the branched (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucan, while 25% (w/w) were linear (1→6)-β-glucans. 26344312 6 8 theme response 953:960 arg1 pattern 962:968 a pro-inflammatory response pattern 934:968 a pro-inflammatory response pattern 934:968 Tests conducted with macrophages showed that the high molar mass (1→6)-β-glucan fraction (SEPS-005R) induced a pro-inflammatory response pattern. 26344312 6 9 theme 1→6 891:893 arg1 SEPS-005R 915:923 SEPS-005R 915:923 SEPS-005R 915:923 Tests conducted with macrophages showed that the high molar mass (1→6)-β-glucan fraction (SEPS-005R) induced a pro-inflammatory response pattern. 26344312 6 9 theme 1→6 891:893 arg1 fraction 905:912 the high molar mass (1→6)-β-glucan fraction 870:912 the high molar mass (1→6)-β-glucan fraction (SEPS-005R) 870:924 Tests conducted with macrophages showed that the high molar mass (1→6)-β-glucan fraction (SEPS-005R) induced a pro-inflammatory response pattern. 26344312 3 10 from water 475:479 arg1 insoluble 457:465 insoluble 457:465 insoluble 457:465 One, fraction PEPS, was a branched (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucan and was insoluble in cold water. 26344312 6 11 theme pro-inflammatory 936:951 arg1 pattern 962:968 a pro-inflammatory response pattern 934:968 a pro-inflammatory response pattern 934:968 Tests conducted with macrophages showed that the high molar mass (1→6)-β-glucan fraction (SEPS-005R) induced a pro-inflammatory response pattern. 26344312 1 12 theme chemical 131:138 arg1 composition 140:150 chemical composition 131:150 chemical composition 131:150 The chemical composition and structural characterization of exopolysaccharides from the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ are described, and the immunomodulatory activity of a purified β-glucan was evaluated. 26344312 0 13 theme theobromae 51:60 arg1 MMBJ 62:65 Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ 37:65 Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ 37:65 (1→6)- and (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucans from Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ: Structural characterization and pro-inflammatory activity. 26344312 5 14 theme branched 750:757 arg1 -β-glucan 769:777 the branched (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucan 746:777 the branched (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucan 746:777 From a total of 2.2g/L of EPS produced by L. theobromae through submerged fermentation, 1.5g/L (67%) was of the branched (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucan, while 25% (w/w) were linear (1→6)-β-glucans. 26344312 6 15 theme high 874:877 arg1 SEPS-005R 915:923 SEPS-005R 915:923 SEPS-005R 915:923 Tests conducted with macrophages showed that the high molar mass (1→6)-β-glucan fraction (SEPS-005R) induced a pro-inflammatory response pattern. 26344312 6 15 theme high 874:877 arg1 fraction 905:912 the high molar mass (1→6)-β-glucan fraction 870:912 the high molar mass (1→6)-β-glucan fraction (SEPS-005R) 870:924 Tests conducted with macrophages showed that the high molar mass (1→6)-β-glucan fraction (SEPS-005R) induced a pro-inflammatory response pattern. 26344312 0 16 theme 1→6 1:3 arg1 characterization 79:94 Structural characterization 68:94 Structural characterization 68:94 (1→6)- and (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucans from Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ: Structural characterization and pro-inflammatory activity. 26344312 0 16 theme 1→6 1:3 arg1 activity 117:124 pro-inflammatory activity 100:124 pro-inflammatory activity 100:124 (1→6)- and (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucans from Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ: Structural characterization and pro-inflammatory activity. 26344312 0 16 theme 1→6 1:3 arg1 -β-glucans 21:30 (1→6)- and (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucans 0:30 (1→6)- and (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucans from Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ: Structural characterization and pro-inflammatory activity. 0:125 (1→6)- and (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucans from Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ: Structural characterization and pro-inflammatory activity. 26344312 0 17 dep -β-glucans 21:30 arg1 characterization 79:94 Structural characterization 68:94 Structural characterization 68:94 (1→6)- and (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucans from Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ: Structural characterization and pro-inflammatory activity. 26344312 0 17 dep -β-glucans 21:30 arg1 activity 117:124 pro-inflammatory activity 100:124 pro-inflammatory activity 100:124 (1→6)- and (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucans from Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ: Structural characterization and pro-inflammatory activity. 26344312 0 17 dep -β-glucans 21:30 arg1 -β-glucans 21:30 (1→6)- and (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucans 0:30 (1→6)- and (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucans from Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ: Structural characterization and pro-inflammatory activity. 0:125 (1→6)- and (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucans from Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ: Structural characterization and pro-inflammatory activity. 26344312 6 18 theme -β-glucan 895:903 arg1 SEPS-005R 915:923 SEPS-005R 915:923 SEPS-005R 915:923 Tests conducted with macrophages showed that the high molar mass (1→6)-β-glucan fraction (SEPS-005R) induced a pro-inflammatory response pattern. 26344312 6 18 theme -β-glucan 895:903 arg1 fraction 905:912 the high molar mass (1→6)-β-glucan fraction 870:912 the high molar mass (1→6)-β-glucan fraction (SEPS-005R) 870:924 Tests conducted with macrophages showed that the high molar mass (1→6)-β-glucan fraction (SEPS-005R) induced a pro-inflammatory response pattern. 26344312 4 19 theme Da 620:621 arg1 mass 587:590 molar mass 581:590 molar mass of 1.8×10(6)Da and 7.0×10(3)Da, respectively 581:635 The other two, fractions SEPS-005R and SEPS-10E, were characterized as linear (1→6)-β-glucans with molar mass of 1.8×10(6)Da and 7.0×10(3)Da, respectively. 26344312 1 20 theme structural 156:165 arg1 characterization 167:182 structural characterization 156:182 structural characterization 156:182 The chemical composition and structural characterization of exopolysaccharides from the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ are described, and the immunomodulatory activity of a purified β-glucan was evaluated. 26344312 0 21 theme Structural 68:77 arg1 characterization 79:94 Structural characterization 68:94 Structural characterization 68:94 (1→6)- and (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucans from Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ: Structural characterization and pro-inflammatory activity. 26344312 0 21 theme Structural 68:77 arg1 -β-glucans 21:30 (1→6)- and (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucans 0:30 (1→6)- and (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucans from Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ: Structural characterization and pro-inflammatory activity. 0:125 (1→6)- and (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucans from Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ: Structural characterization and pro-inflammatory activity. 26344312 5 22 theme submerged 702:710 arg1 fermentation 712:723 submerged fermentation 702:723 submerged fermentation 702:723 From a total of 2.2g/L of EPS produced by L. theobromae through submerged fermentation, 1.5g/L (67%) was of the branched (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucan, while 25% (w/w) were linear (1→6)-β-glucans. 26344312 1 23 theme immunomodulatory 275:290 arg1 activity 292:299 the immunomodulatory activity 271:299 the immunomodulatory activity of a purified β-glucan 271:322 The chemical composition and structural characterization of exopolysaccharides from the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ are described, and the immunomodulatory activity of a purified β-glucan was evaluated. 26344312 4 24 theme Da 604:605 arg1 mass 587:590 molar mass 581:590 molar mass of 1.8×10(6)Da and 7.0×10(3)Da, respectively 581:635 The other two, fractions SEPS-005R and SEPS-10E, were characterized as linear (1→6)-β-glucans with molar mass of 1.8×10(6)Da and 7.0×10(3)Da, respectively. 26344312 3 25 theme 1→6 435:437 arg1 One 394:396 One 394:396 One 394:396 One, fraction PEPS, was a branched (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucan and was insoluble in cold water. 26344312 3 25 theme 1→6 435:437 arg1 -β-glucan 439:447 a branched (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucan 418:447 a branched (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucan 418:447 One, fraction PEPS, was a branched (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucan and was insoluble in cold water. 26344312 5 26 theme 2.2g/L 654:659 arg1 total 645:649 a total 643:649 a total of 2.2g/L of EPS produced by L. theobromae through submerged fermentation 643:723 From a total of 2.2g/L of EPS produced by L. theobromae through submerged fermentation, 1.5g/L (67%) was of the branched (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucan, while 25% (w/w) were linear (1→6)-β-glucans. 26344312 5 27 theme 1→3 760:762 arg1 -β-glucan 769:777 the branched (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucan 746:777 the branched (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucan 746:777 From a total of 2.2g/L of EPS produced by L. theobromae through submerged fermentation, 1.5g/L (67%) was of the branched (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucan, while 25% (w/w) were linear (1→6)-β-glucans. 26344312 1 28 from MMBJ 247:250 arg1 exopolysaccharides 187:204 exopolysaccharides 187:204 exopolysaccharides from the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ 187:250 The chemical composition and structural characterization of exopolysaccharides from the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ are described, and the immunomodulatory activity of a purified β-glucan was evaluated. 26344312 1 28 from MMBJ 247:250 arg1 composition 140:150 chemical composition 131:150 chemical composition 131:150 The chemical composition and structural characterization of exopolysaccharides from the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ are described, and the immunomodulatory activity of a purified β-glucan was evaluated. 26344312 1 28 from MMBJ 247:250 arg1 characterization 167:182 structural characterization 156:182 structural characterization 156:182 The chemical composition and structural characterization of exopolysaccharides from the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ are described, and the immunomodulatory activity of a purified β-glucan was evaluated. 26344312 4 29 theme molar 581:585 arg1 mass 587:590 molar mass 581:590 molar mass of 1.8×10(6)Da and 7.0×10(3)Da, respectively 581:635 The other two, fractions SEPS-005R and SEPS-10E, were characterized as linear (1→6)-β-glucans with molar mass of 1.8×10(6)Da and 7.0×10(3)Da, respectively. 26344312 2 30 theme different 373:381 arg1 β-glucans 383:391 three different β-glucans 367:391 three different β-glucans 367:391 L. theobromae MMBJ produced three different β-glucans. 26344312 1 31 theme exopolysaccharides 187:204 arg1 composition 140:150 chemical composition 131:150 chemical composition 131:150 The chemical composition and structural characterization of exopolysaccharides from the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ are described, and the immunomodulatory activity of a purified β-glucan was evaluated. 26344312 1 31 theme exopolysaccharides 187:204 arg1 characterization 167:182 structural characterization 156:182 structural characterization 156:182 The chemical composition and structural characterization of exopolysaccharides from the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ are described, and the immunomodulatory activity of a purified β-glucan was evaluated. 26344312 3 32 theme branched 420:427 arg1 One 394:396 One 394:396 One 394:396 One, fraction PEPS, was a branched (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucan and was insoluble in cold water. 26344312 3 32 theme branched 420:427 arg1 -β-glucan 439:447 a branched (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucan 418:447 a branched (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucan 418:447 One, fraction PEPS, was a branched (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucan and was insoluble in cold water. 26344312 4 33 theme 1→6 561:563 arg1 two 492:494 two 492:494 two 492:494 The other two, fractions SEPS-005R and SEPS-10E, were characterized as linear (1→6)-β-glucans with molar mass of 1.8×10(6)Da and 7.0×10(3)Da, respectively. 26344312 4 33 theme 1→6 561:563 arg1 -β-glucans 565:574 linear (1→6)-β-glucans 553:574 linear (1→6)-β-glucans with molar mass of 1.8×10(6)Da and 7.0×10(3)Da, respectively 553:635 The other two, fractions SEPS-005R and SEPS-10E, were characterized as linear (1→6)-β-glucans with molar mass of 1.8×10(6)Da and 7.0×10(3)Da, respectively. 26344312 5 34 theme EPS 664:666 arg1 2.2g/L 654:659 2.2g/L 654:659 2.2g/L of EPS produced by L. theobromae through submerged fermentation 654:723 From a total of 2.2g/L of EPS produced by L. theobromae through submerged fermentation, 1.5g/L (67%) was of the branched (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucan, while 25% (w/w) were linear (1→6)-β-glucans. 26344312 2 35 theme L. 339:340 arg1 MMBJ 353:356 L. theobromae MMBJ 339:356 L. theobromae MMBJ 339:356 L. theobromae MMBJ produced three different β-glucans. 26344312 0 36 theme 1→3 12:14 arg1 characterization 79:94 Structural characterization 68:94 Structural characterization 68:94 (1→6)- and (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucans from Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ: Structural characterization and pro-inflammatory activity. 26344312 0 36 theme 1→3 12:14 arg1 activity 117:124 pro-inflammatory activity 100:124 pro-inflammatory activity 100:124 (1→6)- and (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucans from Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ: Structural characterization and pro-inflammatory activity. 26344312 0 36 theme 1→3 12:14 arg1 -β-glucans 21:30 (1→6)- and (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucans 0:30 (1→6)- and (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucans from Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ: Structural characterization and pro-inflammatory activity. 0:125 (1→6)- and (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucans from Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ: Structural characterization and pro-inflammatory activity. 26344312 1 37 theme purified 306:313 arg1 β-glucan 315:322 a purified β-glucan 304:322 a purified β-glucan 304:322 The chemical composition and structural characterization of exopolysaccharides from the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ are described, and the immunomodulatory activity of a purified β-glucan was evaluated. 26344312 0 38 theme pro-inflammatory 100:115 arg1 activity 117:124 pro-inflammatory activity 100:124 pro-inflammatory activity 100:124 (1→6)- and (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucans from Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ: Structural characterization and pro-inflammatory activity. 26344312 0 38 theme pro-inflammatory 100:115 arg1 -β-glucans 21:30 (1→6)- and (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucans 0:30 (1→6)- and (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucans from Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ: Structural characterization and pro-inflammatory activity. 0:125 (1→6)- and (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucans from Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ: Structural characterization and pro-inflammatory activity. 26344312 0 39 from MMBJ 62:65 arg1 characterization 79:94 Structural characterization 68:94 Structural characterization 68:94 (1→6)- and (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucans from Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ: Structural characterization and pro-inflammatory activity. 26344312 0 39 from MMBJ 62:65 arg1 activity 117:124 pro-inflammatory activity 100:124 pro-inflammatory activity 100:124 (1→6)- and (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucans from Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ: Structural characterization and pro-inflammatory activity. 26344312 0 39 from MMBJ 62:65 arg1 -β-glucans 21:30 (1→6)- and (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucans 0:30 (1→6)- and (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucans from Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ: Structural characterization and pro-inflammatory activity. 0:125 (1→6)- and (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucans from Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ: Structural characterization and pro-inflammatory activity. 26344312 1 40 dep composition 140:150 arg1 The 127:129 The 127:129 The 127:129 The chemical composition and structural characterization of exopolysaccharides from the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ are described, and the immunomodulatory activity of a purified β-glucan was evaluated. 26344312 1 41 from characterization 167:182 arg1 MMBJ 247:250 the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ 211:250 the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ 211:250 The chemical composition and structural characterization of exopolysaccharides from the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ are described, and the immunomodulatory activity of a purified β-glucan was evaluated. 26344312 4 42 theme 7.0×10 611:616 arg1 Da 620:621 7.0×10(3)Da 611:621 7.0×10(3)Da 611:621 The other two, fractions SEPS-005R and SEPS-10E, were characterized as linear (1→6)-β-glucans with molar mass of 1.8×10(6)Da and 7.0×10(3)Da, respectively. 26344312 1 43 theme β-glucan 315:322 arg1 activity 292:299 the immunomodulatory activity 271:299 the immunomodulatory activity of a purified β-glucan 271:322 The chemical composition and structural characterization of exopolysaccharides from the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ are described, and the immunomodulatory activity of a purified β-glucan was evaluated. 26344312 5 44 theme 1→6 809:811 arg1 -β-glucans 813:822 linear (1→6)-β-glucans 801:822 linear (1→6)-β-glucans 801:822 From a total of 2.2g/L of EPS produced by L. theobromae through submerged fermentation, 1.5g/L (67%) was of the branched (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucan, while 25% (w/w) were linear (1→6)-β-glucans. 26344312 4 45 theme linear 553:558 arg1 two 492:494 two 492:494 two 492:494 The other two, fractions SEPS-005R and SEPS-10E, were characterized as linear (1→6)-β-glucans with molar mass of 1.8×10(6)Da and 7.0×10(3)Da, respectively. 26344312 4 45 theme linear 553:558 arg1 -β-glucans 565:574 linear (1→6)-β-glucans 553:574 linear (1→6)-β-glucans with molar mass of 1.8×10(6)Da and 7.0×10(3)Da, respectively 553:635 The other two, fractions SEPS-005R and SEPS-10E, were characterized as linear (1→6)-β-glucans with molar mass of 1.8×10(6)Da and 7.0×10(3)Da, respectively. 26344312 4 46 with -β-glucans 565:574 arg1 mass 587:590 molar mass 581:590 molar mass of 1.8×10(6)Da and 7.0×10(3)Da, respectively 581:635 The other two, fractions SEPS-005R and SEPS-10E, were characterized as linear (1→6)-β-glucans with molar mass of 1.8×10(6)Da and 7.0×10(3)Da, respectively. 26344312 4 47 dep Da 620:621 arg1 3 618:618 3 618:618 3 618:618 The other two, fractions SEPS-005R and SEPS-10E, were characterized as linear (1→6)-β-glucans with molar mass of 1.8×10(6)Da and 7.0×10(3)Da, respectively. 26344312 1 48 theme fungus 215:220 arg1 MMBJ 247:250 the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ 211:250 the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ 211:250 The chemical composition and structural characterization of exopolysaccharides from the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ are described, and the immunomodulatory activity of a purified β-glucan was evaluated. 26344312 3 49 theme fraction 399:406 arg1 One 394:396 One 394:396 One 394:396 One, fraction PEPS, was a branched (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucan and was insoluble in cold water. 26344312 3 49 theme fraction 399:406 arg1 PEPS 408:411 fraction PEPS 399:411 fraction PEPS 399:411 One, fraction PEPS, was a branched (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucan and was insoluble in cold water. 26344312 1 50 theme Lasiodiplodia 222:234 arg1 MMBJ 247:250 the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ 211:250 the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ 211:250 The chemical composition and structural characterization of exopolysaccharides from the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ are described, and the immunomodulatory activity of a purified β-glucan was evaluated. 26344312 5 51 theme linear 801:806 arg1 -β-glucans 813:822 linear (1→6)-β-glucans 801:822 linear (1→6)-β-glucans 801:822 From a total of 2.2g/L of EPS produced by L. theobromae through submerged fermentation, 1.5g/L (67%) was of the branched (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucan, while 25% (w/w) were linear (1→6)-β-glucans. 26344312 6 52 theme mass 885:888 arg1 SEPS-005R 915:923 SEPS-005R 915:923 SEPS-005R 915:923 Tests conducted with macrophages showed that the high molar mass (1→6)-β-glucan fraction (SEPS-005R) induced a pro-inflammatory response pattern. 26344312 6 52 theme mass 885:888 arg1 fraction 905:912 the high molar mass (1→6)-β-glucan fraction 870:912 the high molar mass (1→6)-β-glucan fraction (SEPS-005R) 870:924 Tests conducted with macrophages showed that the high molar mass (1→6)-β-glucan fraction (SEPS-005R) induced a pro-inflammatory response pattern. 26344312 1 53 theme theobromae 236:245 arg1 MMBJ 247:250 the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ 211:250 the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ 211:250 The chemical composition and structural characterization of exopolysaccharides from the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMBJ are described, and the immunomodulatory activity of a purified β-glucan was evaluated. 25172714 0 0 theme ultrasonic-assisted 79:97 arg1 treatment 99:107 ultrasonic-assisted treatment 79:107 ultrasonic-assisted treatment 79:107 Properties and extraction of pectin-enriched materials from sugar beet pulp by ultrasonic-assisted treatment combined with subcritical water. 25172714 0 1 from extraction 15:24 arg1 pulp 71:74 sugar beet pulp 60:74 sugar beet pulp 60:74 Properties and extraction of pectin-enriched materials from sugar beet pulp by ultrasonic-assisted treatment combined with subcritical water. 25172714 2 2 theme surface 384:390 arg1 methodology 392:402 response surface methodology 375:402 response surface methodology 375:402 Optimisation of the reaction parameters for maximum extraction yield of PEM was carried out using response surface methodology. 25172714 8 3 theme PEM 854:856 arg1 effects 843:849 The effects 839:849 The effects of PEM on the pasting and thermal properties of maize starch 839:910 The effects of PEM on the pasting and thermal properties of maize starch were also conducted. 25172714 10 4 theme gelatinisation 1099:1112 arg1 temperature 1114:1124 increased gelatinisation temperature 1089:1124 increased gelatinisation temperature 1089:1124 Increasing PEM concentrations resulted in increased gelatinisation temperature and enthalpy. 25172714 2 5 theme response 375:382 arg1 methodology 392:402 response surface methodology 375:402 response surface methodology 375:402 Optimisation of the reaction parameters for maximum extraction yield of PEM was carried out using response surface methodology. 25172714 8 6 theme pasting 865:871 arg1 properties 885:894 the pasting and thermal properties 861:894 the pasting and thermal properties of maize starch 861:910 The effects of PEM on the pasting and thermal properties of maize starch were also conducted. 25172714 0 7 from Properties 0:9 arg1 pulp 71:74 sugar beet pulp 60:74 sugar beet pulp 60:74 Properties and extraction of pectin-enriched materials from sugar beet pulp by ultrasonic-assisted treatment combined with subcritical water. 25172714 2 8 theme maximum 321:327 arg1 yield 340:344 maximum extraction yield 321:344 maximum extraction yield of PEM 321:351 Optimisation of the reaction parameters for maximum extraction yield of PEM was carried out using response surface methodology. 25172714 8 9 from effects 843:849 arg1 properties 885:894 the pasting and thermal properties 861:894 the pasting and thermal properties of maize starch 861:910 The effects of PEM on the pasting and thermal properties of maize starch were also conducted. 25172714 3 10 theme pressure 553:560 arg1 10.70MPa 562:569 extraction pressure 10.70MPa 542:569 extraction pressure 10.70MPa 542:569 Optimum modification conditions were as follows: liquid/solid ratio 44.03, extraction temperature 120.72°C, extraction time 30.49min and extraction pressure 10.70MPa. 25172714 8 11 theme thermal 877:883 arg1 properties 885:894 the pasting and thermal properties 861:894 the pasting and thermal properties of maize starch 861:910 The effects of PEM on the pasting and thermal properties of maize starch were also conducted. 25172714 0 12 theme subcritical 123:133 arg1 water 135:139 subcritical water 123:139 subcritical water 123:139 Properties and extraction of pectin-enriched materials from sugar beet pulp by ultrasonic-assisted treatment combined with subcritical water. 25172714 5 13 theme PEM 658:660 arg1 composition 639:649 The composition 635:649 The composition of the PEM 635:660 The composition of the PEM was determined. 25172714 2 14 theme parameters 306:315 arg1 Optimisation 277:288 Optimisation 277:288 Optimisation of the reaction parameters for maximum extraction yield of PEM 277:351 Optimisation of the reaction parameters for maximum extraction yield of PEM was carried out using response surface methodology. 25172714 6 15 theme arabinose 737:745 arg1 contents 703:710 the contents 699:710 the contents of galacturonic acid and arabinose 699:745 The data showed that the contents of galacturonic acid and arabinose were 59.12% and 21.66%, respectively. 25172714 6 15 theme arabinose 737:745 arg1 % 757:757 59.12% 752:757 59.12% 752:757 The data showed that the contents of galacturonic acid and arabinose were 59.12% and 21.66%, respectively. 25172714 2 16 theme reaction 297:304 arg1 parameters 306:315 the reaction parameters 293:315 the reaction parameters for maximum extraction yield of PEM 293:351 Optimisation of the reaction parameters for maximum extraction yield of PEM was carried out using response surface methodology. 25172714 3 17 theme extraction 480:489 arg1 120.72°C 503:510 extraction temperature 120.72°C 480:510 extraction temperature 120.72°C 480:510 Optimum modification conditions were as follows: liquid/solid ratio 44.03, extraction temperature 120.72°C, extraction time 30.49min and extraction pressure 10.70MPa. 25172714 2 18 theme PEM 349:351 arg1 yield 340:344 maximum extraction yield 321:344 maximum extraction yield of PEM 321:351 Optimisation of the reaction parameters for maximum extraction yield of PEM was carried out using response surface methodology. 25172714 6 19 theme acid 728:731 arg1 contents 703:710 the contents 699:710 the contents of galacturonic acid and arabinose 699:745 The data showed that the contents of galacturonic acid and arabinose were 59.12% and 21.66%, respectively. 25172714 6 19 theme acid 728:731 arg1 % 757:757 59.12% 752:757 59.12% 752:757 The data showed that the contents of galacturonic acid and arabinose were 59.12% and 21.66%, respectively. 25172714 1 20 theme sugar 192:196 arg1 pulp 203:206 sugar beet pulp 192:206 sugar beet pulp 192:206 Pectin-enriched material (PEM) was extracted from sugar beet pulp using subcritical water combined with ultrasonic-assisted treatment. 25172714 9 21 theme PEM 973:975 arg1 addition 961:968 the addition 957:968 the addition of PEM 957:975 The results showed that the addition of PEM increased pasting temperature and decreased other pasting parameters. 25172714 10 22 theme increased 1089:1097 arg1 temperature 1114:1124 increased gelatinisation temperature 1089:1124 increased gelatinisation temperature 1089:1124 Increasing PEM concentrations resulted in increased gelatinisation temperature and enthalpy. 25172714 6 23 theme galacturonic 715:726 arg1 acid 728:731 galacturonic acid 715:731 galacturonic acid 715:731 The data showed that the contents of galacturonic acid and arabinose were 59.12% and 21.66%, respectively. 25172714 1 24 theme beet 198:201 arg1 pulp 203:206 sugar beet pulp 192:206 sugar beet pulp 192:206 Pectin-enriched material (PEM) was extracted from sugar beet pulp using subcritical water combined with ultrasonic-assisted treatment. 25172714 3 25 theme Optimum 405:411 arg1 conditions 426:435 Optimum modification conditions 405:435 Optimum modification conditions 405:435 Optimum modification conditions were as follows: liquid/solid ratio 44.03, extraction temperature 120.72°C, extraction time 30.49min and extraction pressure 10.70MPa. 25172714 4 26 theme maximum 602:608 arg1 % 632:632 24.63% 627:632 24.63% 627:632 Under optimal conditions, the maximum yield of PEM was 24.63%. 25172714 4 26 theme maximum 602:608 arg1 yield 610:614 the maximum yield 598:614 the maximum yield of PEM 598:621 Under optimal conditions, the maximum yield of PEM was 24.63%. 25172714 8 27 theme maize 899:903 arg1 starch 905:910 maize starch 899:910 maize starch 899:910 The effects of PEM on the pasting and thermal properties of maize starch were also conducted. 25172714 3 28 theme modification 413:424 arg1 conditions 426:435 Optimum modification conditions 405:435 Optimum modification conditions 405:435 Optimum modification conditions were as follows: liquid/solid ratio 44.03, extraction temperature 120.72°C, extraction time 30.49min and extraction pressure 10.70MPa. 25172714 4 29 theme PEM 619:621 arg1 % 632:632 24.63% 627:632 24.63% 627:632 Under optimal conditions, the maximum yield of PEM was 24.63%. 25172714 4 29 theme PEM 619:621 arg1 yield 610:614 the maximum yield 598:614 the maximum yield of PEM 598:621 Under optimal conditions, the maximum yield of PEM was 24.63%. 25172714 10 30 theme Increasing 1047:1056 arg1 concentrations 1062:1075 Increasing PEM concentrations 1047:1075 Increasing PEM concentrations 1047:1075 Increasing PEM concentrations resulted in increased gelatinisation temperature and enthalpy. 25172714 2 31 theme extraction 329:338 arg1 yield 340:344 maximum extraction yield 321:344 maximum extraction yield of PEM 321:351 Optimisation of the reaction parameters for maximum extraction yield of PEM was carried out using response surface methodology. 25172714 3 32 theme extraction 513:522 arg1 30.49min 529:536 extraction time 30.49min 513:536 extraction time 30.49min 513:536 Optimum modification conditions were as follows: liquid/solid ratio 44.03, extraction temperature 120.72°C, extraction time 30.49min and extraction pressure 10.70MPa. 25172714 0 33 theme materials 45:53 arg1 extraction 15:24 extraction 15:24 extraction of pectin-enriched materials from sugar beet pulp by ultrasonic-assisted treatment 15:107 Properties and extraction of pectin-enriched materials from sugar beet pulp by ultrasonic-assisted treatment combined with subcritical water. 25172714 0 33 theme materials 45:53 arg1 Properties 0:9 Properties 0:9 Properties 0:9 Properties and extraction of pectin-enriched materials from sugar beet pulp by ultrasonic-assisted treatment combined with subcritical water. 25172714 3 34 theme temperature 491:501 arg1 120.72°C 503:510 extraction temperature 120.72°C 480:510 extraction temperature 120.72°C 480:510 Optimum modification conditions were as follows: liquid/solid ratio 44.03, extraction temperature 120.72°C, extraction time 30.49min and extraction pressure 10.70MPa. 25172714 1 35 theme subcritical 214:224 arg1 water 226:230 subcritical water 214:230 subcritical water combined with ultrasonic-assisted treatment 214:274 Pectin-enriched material (PEM) was extracted from sugar beet pulp using subcritical water combined with ultrasonic-assisted treatment. 25172714 0 36 theme pectin-enriched 29:43 arg1 materials 45:53 pectin-enriched materials 29:53 pectin-enriched materials from sugar beet pulp 29:74 Properties and extraction of pectin-enriched materials from sugar beet pulp by ultrasonic-assisted treatment combined with subcritical water. 25172714 3 37 theme liquid/solid 454:465 arg1 ratio 467:471 liquid/solid ratio 44.03 454:477 liquid/solid ratio 44.03 454:477 Optimum modification conditions were as follows: liquid/solid ratio 44.03, extraction temperature 120.72°C, extraction time 30.49min and extraction pressure 10.70MPa. 25172714 0 38 from pulp 71:74 arg1 extraction 15:24 extraction 15:24 extraction of pectin-enriched materials from sugar beet pulp by ultrasonic-assisted treatment 15:107 Properties and extraction of pectin-enriched materials from sugar beet pulp by ultrasonic-assisted treatment combined with subcritical water. 25172714 0 38 from pulp 71:74 arg1 materials 45:53 pectin-enriched materials 29:53 pectin-enriched materials from sugar beet pulp 29:74 Properties and extraction of pectin-enriched materials from sugar beet pulp by ultrasonic-assisted treatment combined with subcritical water. 25172714 0 38 from pulp 71:74 arg1 Properties 0:9 Properties 0:9 Properties 0:9 Properties and extraction of pectin-enriched materials from sugar beet pulp by ultrasonic-assisted treatment combined with subcritical water. 25172714 0 39 theme sugar 60:64 arg1 pulp 71:74 sugar beet pulp 60:74 sugar beet pulp 60:74 Properties and extraction of pectin-enriched materials from sugar beet pulp by ultrasonic-assisted treatment combined with subcritical water. 25172714 4 40 theme optimal 578:584 arg1 conditions 586:595 optimal conditions 578:595 optimal conditions 578:595 Under optimal conditions, the maximum yield of PEM was 24.63%. 25172714 9 41 theme other 1021:1025 arg1 parameters 1035:1044 other pasting parameters 1021:1044 other pasting parameters 1021:1044 The results showed that the addition of PEM increased pasting temperature and decreased other pasting parameters. 25172714 8 42 theme starch 905:910 arg1 properties 885:894 the pasting and thermal properties 861:894 the pasting and thermal properties of maize starch 861:910 The effects of PEM on the pasting and thermal properties of maize starch were also conducted. 25172714 3 43 theme extraction 542:551 arg1 10.70MPa 562:569 extraction pressure 10.70MPa 542:569 extraction pressure 10.70MPa 542:569 Optimum modification conditions were as follows: liquid/solid ratio 44.03, extraction temperature 120.72°C, extraction time 30.49min and extraction pressure 10.70MPa. 25172714 9 44 theme pasting 1027:1033 arg1 parameters 1035:1044 other pasting parameters 1021:1044 other pasting parameters 1021:1044 The results showed that the addition of PEM increased pasting temperature and decreased other pasting parameters. 25172714 7 45 theme flow 789:792 arg1 behaviours 794:803 The flow behaviours 785:803 The flow behaviours 785:803 The flow behaviours were investigated by a rheometer. 25172714 1 46 theme Pectin-enriched 142:156 arg1 PEM 168:170 PEM 168:170 PEM 168:170 Pectin-enriched material (PEM) was extracted from sugar beet pulp using subcritical water combined with ultrasonic-assisted treatment. 25172714 1 46 theme Pectin-enriched 142:156 arg1 material 158:165 Pectin-enriched material 142:165 Pectin-enriched material (PEM) 142:171 Pectin-enriched material (PEM) was extracted from sugar beet pulp using subcritical water combined with ultrasonic-assisted treatment. 25172714 3 47 theme time 524:527 arg1 30.49min 529:536 extraction time 30.49min 513:536 extraction time 30.49min 513:536 Optimum modification conditions were as follows: liquid/solid ratio 44.03, extraction temperature 120.72°C, extraction time 30.49min and extraction pressure 10.70MPa. 25172714 10 48 theme PEM 1058:1060 arg1 concentrations 1062:1075 Increasing PEM concentrations 1047:1075 Increasing PEM concentrations 1047:1075 Increasing PEM concentrations resulted in increased gelatinisation temperature and enthalpy. 25172714 1 49 theme ultrasonic-assisted 246:264 arg1 treatment 266:274 ultrasonic-assisted treatment 246:274 ultrasonic-assisted treatment 246:274 Pectin-enriched material (PEM) was extracted from sugar beet pulp using subcritical water combined with ultrasonic-assisted treatment. 25172714 0 50 theme beet 66:69 arg1 pulp 71:74 sugar beet pulp 60:74 sugar beet pulp 60:74 Properties and extraction of pectin-enriched materials from sugar beet pulp by ultrasonic-assisted treatment combined with subcritical water. 25172714 9 51 theme pasting 987:993 arg1 temperature 995:1005 pasting temperature 987:1005 pasting temperature 987:1005 The results showed that the addition of PEM increased pasting temperature and decreased other pasting parameters. 25418020 4 0 theme FO 821:822 arg1 TFC 816:818 TFC 816:818 TFC 816:818 Using an ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) draw solution, we observe dramatically enhanced cation fluxes with sodium chloride feed solution compared to that with deionized water feed solution for thin-film composite (TFC) FO membrane. 25418020 4 0 theme FO 821:822 arg1 membrane 824:831 thin-film composite (TFC) FO membrane 795:831 thin-film composite (TFC) FO membrane 795:831 Using an ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) draw solution, we observe dramatically enhanced cation fluxes with sodium chloride feed solution compared to that with deionized water feed solution for thin-film composite (TFC) FO membrane. 25418020 2 1 from role 326:329 arg1 diffusion 396:404 bidirectional solute diffusion 375:404 bidirectional solute diffusion in forward osmosis (FO) 375:428 In this work, we investigate the role of membrane surface chemistry and charge on bidirectional solute diffusion in forward osmosis (FO). 25418020 1 2 theme technology 281:290 arg1 development 252:262 further development 244:262 further development of this emerging technology 244:290 Systematic fundamental understanding of mass transport in osmosis-driven membrane processes is important for further development of this emerging technology. 25418020 6 3 theme membrane 1165:1172 arg1 surface 1174:1180 the TFC membrane surface 1157:1180 the TFC membrane surface 1157:1180 We relate this phenomenon to the membrane fixed surface charge by employing different feed solution pH to foster different protonation conditions for the carboxyl groups on the TFC membrane surface. 25418020 1 4 theme mass 175:178 arg1 transport 180:188 mass transport 175:188 mass transport 175:188 Systematic fundamental understanding of mass transport in osmosis-driven membrane processes is important for further development of this emerging technology. 25418020 4 5 theme composite 805:813 arg1 TFC 816:818 TFC 816:818 TFC 816:818 Using an ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) draw solution, we observe dramatically enhanced cation fluxes with sodium chloride feed solution compared to that with deionized water feed solution for thin-film composite (TFC) FO membrane. 25418020 4 5 theme composite 805:813 arg1 membrane 824:831 thin-film composite (TFC) FO membrane 795:831 thin-film composite (TFC) FO membrane 795:831 Using an ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) draw solution, we observe dramatically enhanced cation fluxes with sodium chloride feed solution compared to that with deionized water feed solution for thin-film composite (TFC) FO membrane. 25418020 6 6 theme feed 1070:1073 arg1 pH 1084:1085 different feed solution pH 1060:1085 different feed solution pH 1060:1085 We relate this phenomenon to the membrane fixed surface charge by employing different feed solution pH to foster different protonation conditions for the carboxyl groups on the TFC membrane surface. 25418020 4 7 theme bicarbonate 620:630 arg1 NH4HCO3 633:639 an ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) draw 608:645 an ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) draw solution 608:654 Using an ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) draw solution, we observe dramatically enhanced cation fluxes with sodium chloride feed solution compared to that with deionized water feed solution for thin-film composite (TFC) FO membrane. 25418020 0 8 theme surface 105:111 arg1 chemistry 113:121 membrane active layer surface chemistry 83:121 membrane active layer surface chemistry 83:121 Bidirectional diffusion of ammonium and sodium cations in forward osmosis: role of membrane active layer surface chemistry and charge. 25418020 3 9 with characteristics 585:599 arg1 materials 556:564 different materials 546:564 different materials 546:564 In particular, bidirectional diffusion of ammonium (NH4(+)) and sodium (Na(+)) is examined using FO membranes with different materials and surface charge characteristics. 25418020 1 10 theme membrane 208:215 arg1 processes 217:225 osmosis-driven membrane processes 193:225 osmosis-driven membrane processes 193:225 Systematic fundamental understanding of mass transport in osmosis-driven membrane processes is important for further development of this emerging technology. 25418020 9 11 theme Donnan 1577:1582 arg1 dialysis 1584:1591 Donnan dialysis 1577:1591 Donnan dialysis 1577:1591 Based on our experimental observations, we propose Donnan dialysis as a mechanism responsible for enhanced bidirectional diffusion of cations in TFC membranes. 25418020 9 11 theme Donnan 1577:1582 arg1 mechanism 1598:1606 a mechanism 1596:1606 a mechanism responsible for enhanced bidirectional diffusion of cations in TFC membranes 1596:1683 Based on our experimental observations, we propose Donnan dialysis as a mechanism responsible for enhanced bidirectional diffusion of cations in TFC membranes. 25418020 9 12 theme bidirectional 1633:1645 arg1 diffusion 1647:1655 enhanced bidirectional diffusion 1624:1655 enhanced bidirectional diffusion of cations in TFC membranes 1624:1683 Based on our experimental observations, we propose Donnan dialysis as a mechanism responsible for enhanced bidirectional diffusion of cations in TFC membranes. 25418020 7 13 theme carboxyl 1286:1293 arg1 groups 1295:1300 carboxyl groups 1286:1300 carboxyl groups 1286:1300 Membrane surface modification is also carried out with the TFC membrane using ethylenediamine to alter carboxyl groups into amine groups. 25418020 8 14 with membrane 1338:1345 arg1 groups 1377:1382 less negatively charged groups 1353:1382 less negatively charged groups 1353:1382 The modified TFC membrane, with less negatively charged groups, exhibits a significant decrease in the bidirectional diffusion of cations under the same conditions employed with the pristine TFC membrane. 25418020 5 15 theme bidirectional 847:859 arg1 diffusion 861:869 the bidirectional diffusion 843:869 the bidirectional diffusion of cations 843:880 However, the bidirectional diffusion of cations does not change, regardless of the type of feed solution, for cellulose triacetate (CTA) FO membrane. 25418020 6 16 theme protonation 1107:1117 arg1 conditions 1119:1128 different protonation conditions 1097:1128 different protonation conditions for the carboxyl groups on the TFC membrane surface 1097:1180 We relate this phenomenon to the membrane fixed surface charge by employing different feed solution pH to foster different protonation conditions for the carboxyl groups on the TFC membrane surface. 25418020 4 17 theme NH4HCO3 633:639 arg1 solution 647:654 an ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) draw solution 608:654 an ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) draw solution 608:654 Using an ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) draw solution, we observe dramatically enhanced cation fluxes with sodium chloride feed solution compared to that with deionized water feed solution for thin-film composite (TFC) FO membrane. 25418020 6 18 from groups 1147:1152 arg1 surface 1174:1180 the TFC membrane surface 1157:1180 the TFC membrane surface 1157:1180 We relate this phenomenon to the membrane fixed surface charge by employing different feed solution pH to foster different protonation conditions for the carboxyl groups on the TFC membrane surface. 25418020 3 19 theme different 546:554 arg1 materials 556:564 different materials 546:564 different materials 546:564 In particular, bidirectional diffusion of ammonium (NH4(+)) and sodium (Na(+)) is examined using FO membranes with different materials and surface charge characteristics. 25418020 1 20 theme Systematic 135:144 arg1 understanding 158:170 Systematic fundamental understanding 135:170 Systematic fundamental understanding of mass transport in osmosis-driven membrane processes 135:225 Systematic fundamental understanding of mass transport in osmosis-driven membrane processes is important for further development of this emerging technology. 25418020 9 21 from diffusion 1647:1655 arg1 membranes 1675:1683 TFC membranes 1671:1683 TFC membranes 1671:1683 Based on our experimental observations, we propose Donnan dialysis as a mechanism responsible for enhanced bidirectional diffusion of cations in TFC membranes. 25418020 4 22 theme sodium 709:714 arg1 solution 730:737 sodium chloride feed solution 709:737 sodium chloride feed solution compared to that with deionized water feed solution for thin-film composite (TFC) FO membrane 709:831 Using an ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) draw solution, we observe dramatically enhanced cation fluxes with sodium chloride feed solution compared to that with deionized water feed solution for thin-film composite (TFC) FO membrane. 25418020 4 23 theme feed 725:728 arg1 solution 730:737 sodium chloride feed solution 709:737 sodium chloride feed solution compared to that with deionized water feed solution for thin-film composite (TFC) FO membrane 709:831 Using an ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) draw solution, we observe dramatically enhanced cation fluxes with sodium chloride feed solution compared to that with deionized water feed solution for thin-film composite (TFC) FO membrane. 25418020 3 24 with membranes 531:539 arg1 materials 556:564 different materials 546:564 different materials 546:564 In particular, bidirectional diffusion of ammonium (NH4(+)) and sodium (Na(+)) is examined using FO membranes with different materials and surface charge characteristics. 25418020 8 25 theme cations 1451:1457 arg1 diffusion 1438:1446 the bidirectional diffusion 1420:1446 the bidirectional diffusion of cations 1420:1457 The modified TFC membrane, with less negatively charged groups, exhibits a significant decrease in the bidirectional diffusion of cations under the same conditions employed with the pristine TFC membrane. 25418020 4 26 theme enhanced 681:688 arg1 fluxes 697:702 dramatically enhanced cation fluxes 668:702 dramatically enhanced cation fluxes 668:702 Using an ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) draw solution, we observe dramatically enhanced cation fluxes with sodium chloride feed solution compared to that with deionized water feed solution for thin-film composite (TFC) FO membrane. 25418020 2 27 theme solute 389:394 arg1 diffusion 396:404 bidirectional solute diffusion 375:404 bidirectional solute diffusion in forward osmosis (FO) 375:428 In this work, we investigate the role of membrane surface chemistry and charge on bidirectional solute diffusion in forward osmosis (FO). 25418020 0 28 theme Bidirectional 0:12 arg1 diffusion 14:22 Bidirectional diffusion 0:22 Bidirectional diffusion of ammonium and sodium cations in forward osmosis: role of membrane active layer surface chemistry and charge. 0:133 Bidirectional diffusion of ammonium and sodium cations in forward osmosis: role of membrane active layer surface chemistry and charge. 25418020 2 29 dep surface 343:349 arg1 charge 365:370 charge 365:370 charge 365:370 In this work, we investigate the role of membrane surface chemistry and charge on bidirectional solute diffusion in forward osmosis (FO). 25418020 2 29 dep surface 343:349 arg1 chemistry 351:359 chemistry 351:359 chemistry 351:359 In this work, we investigate the role of membrane surface chemistry and charge on bidirectional solute diffusion in forward osmosis (FO). 25418020 8 30 from decrease 1408:1415 arg1 diffusion 1438:1446 the bidirectional diffusion 1420:1446 the bidirectional diffusion of cations 1420:1457 The modified TFC membrane, with less negatively charged groups, exhibits a significant decrease in the bidirectional diffusion of cations under the same conditions employed with the pristine TFC membrane. 25418020 6 31 theme carboxyl 1138:1145 arg1 groups 1147:1152 the carboxyl groups 1134:1152 the carboxyl groups on the TFC membrane surface 1134:1180 We relate this phenomenon to the membrane fixed surface charge by employing different feed solution pH to foster different protonation conditions for the carboxyl groups on the TFC membrane surface. 25418020 4 32 theme deionized 761:769 arg1 water 771:775 deionized water 761:775 deionized water feed solution for thin-film composite (TFC) FO membrane 761:831 Using an ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) draw solution, we observe dramatically enhanced cation fluxes with sodium chloride feed solution compared to that with deionized water feed solution for thin-film composite (TFC) FO membrane. 25418020 3 33 theme charge 578:583 arg1 characteristics 585:599 surface charge characteristics 570:599 surface charge characteristics 570:599 In particular, bidirectional diffusion of ammonium (NH4(+)) and sodium (Na(+)) is examined using FO membranes with different materials and surface charge characteristics. 25418020 8 34 theme modified 1325:1332 arg1 membrane 1338:1345 The modified TFC membrane 1321:1345 The modified TFC membrane 1321:1345 The modified TFC membrane, with less negatively charged groups, exhibits a significant decrease in the bidirectional diffusion of cations under the same conditions employed with the pristine TFC membrane. 25418020 2 35 theme surface 343:349 arg1 role 326:329 the role 322:329 the role of membrane surface chemistry and charge on bidirectional solute diffusion in forward osmosis (FO) 322:428 In this work, we investigate the role of membrane surface chemistry and charge on bidirectional solute diffusion in forward osmosis (FO). 25418020 0 36 theme cations 47:53 arg1 diffusion 14:22 Bidirectional diffusion 0:22 Bidirectional diffusion of ammonium and sodium cations in forward osmosis: role of membrane active layer surface chemistry and charge. 0:133 Bidirectional diffusion of ammonium and sodium cations in forward osmosis: role of membrane active layer surface chemistry and charge. 25418020 8 37 dep negatively 1358:1367 arg1 charged 1369:1375 charged 1369:1375 charged 1369:1375 The modified TFC membrane, with less negatively charged groups, exhibits a significant decrease in the bidirectional diffusion of cations under the same conditions employed with the pristine TFC membrane. 25418020 5 38 theme triacetate 954:963 arg1 membrane 974:981 cellulose triacetate (CTA) FO membrane 944:981 cellulose triacetate (CTA) FO membrane 944:981 However, the bidirectional diffusion of cations does not change, regardless of the type of feed solution, for cellulose triacetate (CTA) FO membrane. 25418020 6 39 theme surface 1032:1038 arg1 charge 1040:1045 the membrane fixed surface charge 1013:1045 the membrane fixed surface charge 1013:1045 We relate this phenomenon to the membrane fixed surface charge by employing different feed solution pH to foster different protonation conditions for the carboxyl groups on the TFC membrane surface. 25418020 8 40 theme pristine 1503:1510 arg1 membrane 1516:1523 the pristine TFC membrane 1499:1523 the pristine TFC membrane 1499:1523 The modified TFC membrane, with less negatively charged groups, exhibits a significant decrease in the bidirectional diffusion of cations under the same conditions employed with the pristine TFC membrane. 25418020 3 41 theme ammonium 473:480 arg1 diffusion 460:468 bidirectional diffusion 446:468 bidirectional diffusion of ammonium (NH4(+)) and sodium (Na(+)) 446:508 In particular, bidirectional diffusion of ammonium (NH4(+)) and sodium (Na(+)) is examined using FO membranes with different materials and surface charge characteristics. 25418020 9 42 theme experimental 1539:1550 arg1 observations 1552:1563 our experimental observations 1535:1563 our experimental observations 1535:1563 Based on our experimental observations, we propose Donnan dialysis as a mechanism responsible for enhanced bidirectional diffusion of cations in TFC membranes. 25418020 7 43 theme Membrane 1183:1190 arg1 modification 1200:1211 Membrane surface modification 1183:1211 Membrane surface modification 1183:1211 Membrane surface modification is also carried out with the TFC membrane using ethylenediamine to alter carboxyl groups into amine groups. 25418020 2 44 theme forward 409:415 arg1 osmosis 417:423 forward osmosis 409:423 forward osmosis (FO) 409:428 In this work, we investigate the role of membrane surface chemistry and charge on bidirectional solute diffusion in forward osmosis (FO). 25418020 2 44 theme forward 409:415 arg1 FO 426:427 FO 426:427 FO 426:427 In this work, we investigate the role of membrane surface chemistry and charge on bidirectional solute diffusion in forward osmosis (FO). 25418020 1 45 theme further 244:250 arg1 development 252:262 further development 244:262 further development of this emerging technology 244:290 Systematic fundamental understanding of mass transport in osmosis-driven membrane processes is important for further development of this emerging technology. 25418020 5 46 theme solution 930:937 arg1 type 917:920 the type 913:920 the type of feed solution 913:937 However, the bidirectional diffusion of cations does not change, regardless of the type of feed solution, for cellulose triacetate (CTA) FO membrane. 25418020 3 47 theme bidirectional 446:458 arg1 diffusion 460:468 bidirectional diffusion 446:468 bidirectional diffusion of ammonium (NH4(+)) and sodium (Na(+)) 446:508 In particular, bidirectional diffusion of ammonium (NH4(+)) and sodium (Na(+)) is examined using FO membranes with different materials and surface charge characteristics. 25418020 1 48 theme emerging 272:279 arg1 technology 281:290 this emerging technology 267:290 this emerging technology 267:290 Systematic fundamental understanding of mass transport in osmosis-driven membrane processes is important for further development of this emerging technology. 25418020 3 49 theme sodium 495:500 arg1 diffusion 460:468 bidirectional diffusion 446:468 bidirectional diffusion of ammonium (NH4(+)) and sodium (Na(+)) 446:508 In particular, bidirectional diffusion of ammonium (NH4(+)) and sodium (Na(+)) is examined using FO membranes with different materials and surface charge characteristics. 25418020 6 50 theme solution 1075:1082 arg1 pH 1084:1085 different feed solution pH 1060:1085 different feed solution pH 1060:1085 We relate this phenomenon to the membrane fixed surface charge by employing different feed solution pH to foster different protonation conditions for the carboxyl groups on the TFC membrane surface. 25418020 6 51 theme TFC 1161:1163 arg1 surface 1174:1180 the TFC membrane surface 1157:1180 the TFC membrane surface 1157:1180 We relate this phenomenon to the membrane fixed surface charge by employing different feed solution pH to foster different protonation conditions for the carboxyl groups on the TFC membrane surface. 25418020 1 52 theme transport 180:188 arg1 understanding 158:170 Systematic fundamental understanding 135:170 Systematic fundamental understanding of mass transport in osmosis-driven membrane processes 135:225 Systematic fundamental understanding of mass transport in osmosis-driven membrane processes is important for further development of this emerging technology. 25418020 8 53 theme bidirectional 1424:1436 arg1 diffusion 1438:1446 the bidirectional diffusion 1420:1446 the bidirectional diffusion of cations 1420:1457 The modified TFC membrane, with less negatively charged groups, exhibits a significant decrease in the bidirectional diffusion of cations under the same conditions employed with the pristine TFC membrane. 25418020 4 54 theme thin-film 795:803 arg1 TFC 816:818 TFC 816:818 TFC 816:818 Using an ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) draw solution, we observe dramatically enhanced cation fluxes with sodium chloride feed solution compared to that with deionized water feed solution for thin-film composite (TFC) FO membrane. 25418020 4 54 theme thin-film 795:803 arg1 membrane 824:831 thin-film composite (TFC) FO membrane 795:831 thin-film composite (TFC) FO membrane 795:831 Using an ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) draw solution, we observe dramatically enhanced cation fluxes with sodium chloride feed solution compared to that with deionized water feed solution for thin-film composite (TFC) FO membrane. 25418020 6 55 theme different 1060:1068 arg1 pH 1084:1085 different feed solution pH 1060:1085 different feed solution pH 1060:1085 We relate this phenomenon to the membrane fixed surface charge by employing different feed solution pH to foster different protonation conditions for the carboxyl groups on the TFC membrane surface. 25418020 4 56 theme ammonium 611:618 arg1 NH4HCO3 633:639 an ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) draw 608:645 an ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) draw solution 608:654 Using an ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) draw solution, we observe dramatically enhanced cation fluxes with sodium chloride feed solution compared to that with deionized water feed solution for thin-film composite (TFC) FO membrane. 25418020 0 57 theme chemistry 113:121 arg1 role 75:78 role 75:78 Bidirectional diffusion of ammonium and sodium cations in forward osmosis: role of membrane active layer surface chemistry and charge. 0:133 Bidirectional diffusion of ammonium and sodium cations in forward osmosis: role of membrane active layer surface chemistry and charge. 25418020 1 58 theme osmosis-driven 193:206 arg1 processes 217:225 osmosis-driven membrane processes 193:225 osmosis-driven membrane processes 193:225 Systematic fundamental understanding of mass transport in osmosis-driven membrane processes is important for further development of this emerging technology. 25418020 9 59 theme enhanced 1624:1631 arg1 diffusion 1647:1655 enhanced bidirectional diffusion 1624:1655 enhanced bidirectional diffusion of cations in TFC membranes 1624:1683 Based on our experimental observations, we propose Donnan dialysis as a mechanism responsible for enhanced bidirectional diffusion of cations in TFC membranes. 25418020 8 60 theme negatively 1358:1367 arg1 groups 1377:1382 less negatively charged groups 1353:1382 less negatively charged groups 1353:1382 The modified TFC membrane, with less negatively charged groups, exhibits a significant decrease in the bidirectional diffusion of cations under the same conditions employed with the pristine TFC membrane. 25418020 0 61 theme charge 127:132 arg1 role 75:78 role 75:78 Bidirectional diffusion of ammonium and sodium cations in forward osmosis: role of membrane active layer surface chemistry and charge. 0:133 Bidirectional diffusion of ammonium and sodium cations in forward osmosis: role of membrane active layer surface chemistry and charge. 25418020 9 62 theme responsible 1608:1618 arg1 dialysis 1584:1591 Donnan dialysis 1577:1591 Donnan dialysis 1577:1591 Based on our experimental observations, we propose Donnan dialysis as a mechanism responsible for enhanced bidirectional diffusion of cations in TFC membranes. 25418020 9 62 theme responsible 1608:1618 arg1 mechanism 1598:1606 a mechanism 1596:1606 a mechanism responsible for enhanced bidirectional diffusion of cations in TFC membranes 1596:1683 Based on our experimental observations, we propose Donnan dialysis as a mechanism responsible for enhanced bidirectional diffusion of cations in TFC membranes. 25418020 3 63 theme FO 528:529 arg1 membranes 531:539 FO membranes 528:539 FO membranes with different materials 528:564 In particular, bidirectional diffusion of ammonium (NH4(+)) and sodium (Na(+)) is examined using FO membranes with different materials and surface charge characteristics. 25418020 7 64 theme amine 1307:1311 arg1 groups 1313:1318 amine groups 1307:1318 amine groups 1307:1318 Membrane surface modification is also carried out with the TFC membrane using ethylenediamine to alter carboxyl groups into amine groups. 25418020 3 65 dep sodium 495:500 arg1 Na 503:504 Na 503:504 Na 503:504 In particular, bidirectional diffusion of ammonium (NH4(+)) and sodium (Na(+)) is examined using FO membranes with different materials and surface charge characteristics. 25418020 9 66 theme cations 1660:1666 arg1 diffusion 1647:1655 enhanced bidirectional diffusion 1624:1655 enhanced bidirectional diffusion of cations in TFC membranes 1624:1683 Based on our experimental observations, we propose Donnan dialysis as a mechanism responsible for enhanced bidirectional diffusion of cations in TFC membranes. 25418020 5 67 theme CTA 966:968 arg1 membrane 974:981 cellulose triacetate (CTA) FO membrane 944:981 cellulose triacetate (CTA) FO membrane 944:981 However, the bidirectional diffusion of cations does not change, regardless of the type of feed solution, for cellulose triacetate (CTA) FO membrane. 25418020 9 68 theme TFC 1671:1673 arg1 membranes 1675:1683 TFC membranes 1671:1683 TFC membranes 1671:1683 Based on our experimental observations, we propose Donnan dialysis as a mechanism responsible for enhanced bidirectional diffusion of cations in TFC membranes. 25418020 8 69 theme significant 1396:1406 arg1 decrease 1408:1415 a significant decrease 1394:1415 a significant decrease in the bidirectional diffusion of cations 1394:1457 The modified TFC membrane, with less negatively charged groups, exhibits a significant decrease in the bidirectional diffusion of cations under the same conditions employed with the pristine TFC membrane. 25418020 5 70 theme FO 971:972 arg1 membrane 974:981 cellulose triacetate (CTA) FO membrane 944:981 cellulose triacetate (CTA) FO membrane 944:981 However, the bidirectional diffusion of cations does not change, regardless of the type of feed solution, for cellulose triacetate (CTA) FO membrane. 25418020 6 71 theme different 1097:1105 arg1 conditions 1119:1128 different protonation conditions 1097:1128 different protonation conditions for the carboxyl groups on the TFC membrane surface 1097:1180 We relate this phenomenon to the membrane fixed surface charge by employing different feed solution pH to foster different protonation conditions for the carboxyl groups on the TFC membrane surface. 25418020 1 72 theme fundamental 146:156 arg1 understanding 158:170 Systematic fundamental understanding 135:170 Systematic fundamental understanding of mass transport in osmosis-driven membrane processes 135:225 Systematic fundamental understanding of mass transport in osmosis-driven membrane processes is important for further development of this emerging technology. 25418020 0 73 from diffusion 14:22 arg1 osmosis 66:72 forward osmosis 58:72 forward osmosis 58:72 Bidirectional diffusion of ammonium and sodium cations in forward osmosis: role of membrane active layer surface chemistry and charge. 25418020 0 74 theme membrane 83:90 arg1 chemistry 113:121 membrane active layer surface chemistry 83:121 membrane active layer surface chemistry 83:121 Bidirectional diffusion of ammonium and sodium cations in forward osmosis: role of membrane active layer surface chemistry and charge. 25418020 1 75 from understanding 158:170 arg1 processes 217:225 osmosis-driven membrane processes 193:225 osmosis-driven membrane processes 193:225 Systematic fundamental understanding of mass transport in osmosis-driven membrane processes is important for further development of this emerging technology. 25418020 3 76 dep ammonium 473:480 arg1 NH4 483:485 NH4 483:485 NH4 483:485 In particular, bidirectional diffusion of ammonium (NH4(+)) and sodium (Na(+)) is examined using FO membranes with different materials and surface charge characteristics. 25418020 6 77 theme membrane 1017:1024 arg1 charge 1040:1045 the membrane fixed surface charge 1013:1045 the membrane fixed surface charge 1013:1045 We relate this phenomenon to the membrane fixed surface charge by employing different feed solution pH to foster different protonation conditions for the carboxyl groups on the TFC membrane surface. 25418020 0 78 theme layer 99:103 arg1 chemistry 113:121 membrane active layer surface chemistry 83:121 membrane active layer surface chemistry 83:121 Bidirectional diffusion of ammonium and sodium cations in forward osmosis: role of membrane active layer surface chemistry and charge. 25418020 4 79 dep NH4HCO3 633:639 arg1 draw 642:645 draw 642:645 draw 642:645 Using an ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) draw solution, we observe dramatically enhanced cation fluxes with sodium chloride feed solution compared to that with deionized water feed solution for thin-film composite (TFC) FO membrane. 25418020 7 80 theme TFC 1242:1244 arg1 membrane 1246:1253 the TFC membrane 1238:1253 the TFC membrane using ethylenediamine to alter carboxyl groups into amine groups 1238:1318 Membrane surface modification is also carried out with the TFC membrane using ethylenediamine to alter carboxyl groups into amine groups. 25418020 4 81 theme chloride 716:723 arg1 solution 730:737 sodium chloride feed solution 709:737 sodium chloride feed solution compared to that with deionized water feed solution for thin-film composite (TFC) FO membrane 709:831 Using an ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) draw solution, we observe dramatically enhanced cation fluxes with sodium chloride feed solution compared to that with deionized water feed solution for thin-film composite (TFC) FO membrane. 25418020 5 82 theme cations 874:880 arg1 diffusion 861:869 the bidirectional diffusion 843:869 the bidirectional diffusion of cations 843:880 However, the bidirectional diffusion of cations does not change, regardless of the type of feed solution, for cellulose triacetate (CTA) FO membrane. 25418020 8 83 theme same 1469:1472 arg1 conditions 1474:1483 the same conditions 1465:1483 the same conditions employed with the pristine TFC membrane 1465:1523 The modified TFC membrane, with less negatively charged groups, exhibits a significant decrease in the bidirectional diffusion of cations under the same conditions employed with the pristine TFC membrane. 25418020 2 84 theme bidirectional 375:387 arg1 diffusion 396:404 bidirectional solute diffusion 375:404 bidirectional solute diffusion in forward osmosis (FO) 375:428 In this work, we investigate the role of membrane surface chemistry and charge on bidirectional solute diffusion in forward osmosis (FO). 25418020 0 85 theme ammonium 27:34 arg1 cations 47:53 ammonium and sodium cations 27:53 ammonium and sodium cations 27:53 Bidirectional diffusion of ammonium and sodium cations in forward osmosis: role of membrane active layer surface chemistry and charge. 25418020 0 86 dep diffusion 14:22 arg1 role 75:78 role 75:78 Bidirectional diffusion of ammonium and sodium cations in forward osmosis: role of membrane active layer surface chemistry and charge. 0:133 Bidirectional diffusion of ammonium and sodium cations in forward osmosis: role of membrane active layer surface chemistry and charge. 25418020 4 87 theme cation 690:695 arg1 fluxes 697:702 dramatically enhanced cation fluxes 668:702 dramatically enhanced cation fluxes 668:702 Using an ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) draw solution, we observe dramatically enhanced cation fluxes with sodium chloride feed solution compared to that with deionized water feed solution for thin-film composite (TFC) FO membrane. 25418020 0 88 theme sodium 40:45 arg1 cations 47:53 ammonium and sodium cations 27:53 ammonium and sodium cations 27:53 Bidirectional diffusion of ammonium and sodium cations in forward osmosis: role of membrane active layer surface chemistry and charge. 25418020 3 89 theme surface 570:576 arg1 characteristics 585:599 surface charge characteristics 570:599 surface charge characteristics 570:599 In particular, bidirectional diffusion of ammonium (NH4(+)) and sodium (Na(+)) is examined using FO membranes with different materials and surface charge characteristics. 25418020 0 90 theme active 92:97 arg1 chemistry 113:121 membrane active layer surface chemistry 83:121 membrane active layer surface chemistry 83:121 Bidirectional diffusion of ammonium and sodium cations in forward osmosis: role of membrane active layer surface chemistry and charge. 25418020 5 91 theme cellulose 944:952 arg1 membrane 974:981 cellulose triacetate (CTA) FO membrane 944:981 cellulose triacetate (CTA) FO membrane 944:981 However, the bidirectional diffusion of cations does not change, regardless of the type of feed solution, for cellulose triacetate (CTA) FO membrane. 25418020 7 92 theme surface 1192:1198 arg1 modification 1200:1211 Membrane surface modification 1183:1211 Membrane surface modification 1183:1211 Membrane surface modification is also carried out with the TFC membrane using ethylenediamine to alter carboxyl groups into amine groups. 25418020 8 93 theme TFC 1512:1514 arg1 membrane 1516:1523 the pristine TFC membrane 1499:1523 the pristine TFC membrane 1499:1523 The modified TFC membrane, with less negatively charged groups, exhibits a significant decrease in the bidirectional diffusion of cations under the same conditions employed with the pristine TFC membrane. 25418020 2 94 theme membrane 334:341 arg1 surface 343:349 membrane surface chemistry and charge 334:370 membrane surface chemistry and charge 334:370 In this work, we investigate the role of membrane surface chemistry and charge on bidirectional solute diffusion in forward osmosis (FO). 25418020 2 95 from diffusion 396:404 arg1 osmosis 417:423 forward osmosis 409:423 forward osmosis (FO) 409:428 In this work, we investigate the role of membrane surface chemistry and charge on bidirectional solute diffusion in forward osmosis (FO). 25418020 2 95 from diffusion 396:404 arg1 FO 426:427 FO 426:427 FO 426:427 In this work, we investigate the role of membrane surface chemistry and charge on bidirectional solute diffusion in forward osmosis (FO). 25418020 6 96 theme fixed 1026:1030 arg1 charge 1040:1045 the membrane fixed surface charge 1013:1045 the membrane fixed surface charge 1013:1045 We relate this phenomenon to the membrane fixed surface charge by employing different feed solution pH to foster different protonation conditions for the carboxyl groups on the TFC membrane surface. 25418020 8 97 theme TFC 1334:1336 arg1 membrane 1338:1345 The modified TFC membrane 1321:1345 The modified TFC membrane 1321:1345 The modified TFC membrane, with less negatively charged groups, exhibits a significant decrease in the bidirectional diffusion of cations under the same conditions employed with the pristine TFC membrane. 25418020 5 98 theme feed 925:928 arg1 solution 930:937 feed solution 925:937 feed solution 925:937 However, the bidirectional diffusion of cations does not change, regardless of the type of feed solution, for cellulose triacetate (CTA) FO membrane. 27889167 0 0 theme bacterial 80:88 arg1 models 122:127 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 80:127 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 80:127 Sonication reduces the attachment of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells to bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models and cut plant material. 27889167 1 1 theme 14028 cells 336:346 arg1 attachment 294:303 the attachment 290:303 the attachment of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells to plant cell walls 290:366 This study investigated the removal of bacterial surface structures, particularly flagella, using sonication, and examined its effect on the attachment of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells to plant cell walls. 27889167 8 2 theme fresh 1593:1597 arg1 processing 1579:1588 the processing 1575:1588 the processing of fresh produce 1575:1605 This study indicates that sonication may have potential applications for reducing Salmonella attachment during the processing of fresh produce. 27889167 4 3 dep material 791:798 arg1 lettuce 816:822 lettuce 816:822 lettuce 816:822 The attachment of sonicated S. Typhimurium cells to bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models and cut plant material (potato, apple, lettuce) was then evaluated. 27889167 4 3 dep material 791:798 arg1 apple 809:813 apple 809:813 apple 809:813 The attachment of sonicated S. Typhimurium cells to bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models and cut plant material (potato, apple, lettuce) was then evaluated. 27889167 4 3 dep material 791:798 arg1 potato 801:806 potato 801:806 potato 801:806 The attachment of sonicated S. Typhimurium cells to bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models and cut plant material (potato, apple, lettuce) was then evaluated. 27889167 1 4 dep Salmonella 308:317 arg1 Typhimurium 319:329 Typhimurium 319:329 Typhimurium 319:329 This study investigated the removal of bacterial surface structures, particularly flagella, using sonication, and examined its effect on the attachment of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells to plant cell walls. 27889167 7 5 contain have 1409:1412 arg2 interactions 1423:1434 specific interactions 1414:1434 specific interactions with pectin and xyloglucan 1414:1461 Since attachment of S. Typhimurium to the bacterial cellulose-only composite was not affected by sonication, this suggests that bacterial surface structures, particularly flagella, could have specific interactions with pectin and xyloglucan. 27889167 7 5 contain have 1409:1412 arg1 flagella 1393:1400 flagella 1393:1400 particularly flagella 1380:1400 Since attachment of S. Typhimurium to the bacterial cellulose-only composite was not affected by sonication, this suggests that bacterial surface structures, particularly flagella, could have specific interactions with pectin and xyloglucan. 27889167 7 5 contain have 1409:1412 arg1 structures 1368:1377 bacterial surface structures 1350:1377 bacterial surface structures 1350:1377 Since attachment of S. Typhimurium to the bacterial cellulose-only composite was not affected by sonication, this suggests that bacterial surface structures, particularly flagella, could have specific interactions with pectin and xyloglucan. 27889167 2 6 from 20 kHz 433:438 arg1 sonication 419:428 sonication 419:428 sonication at 20 kHz 419:438 S. Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells were subjected to sonication at 20 kHz to remove surface structures without affecting cell viability. 27889167 6 7 attach attached 1052:1059 arg2 cells 1046:1050 S. Typhimurium cells 1031:1050 S. Typhimurium cells attached in significantly lower numbers (between 0.5 and 1.0 log CFU/cm2) to all surfaces except to the bacterial cellulose-only composite without pectin and xyloglucan 1031:1219 As compared to the non-sonicated controls, sonicated S. Typhimurium cells attached in significantly lower numbers (between 0.5 and 1.0 log CFU/cm2) to all surfaces except to the bacterial cellulose-only composite without pectin and xyloglucan. 27889167 6 7 attach attached 1052:1059 arg3 numbers 1084:1090 significantly lower numbers 1064:1090 significantly lower numbers (between 0.5 and 1.0 log CFU/cm2) 1064:1124 As compared to the non-sonicated controls, sonicated S. Typhimurium cells attached in significantly lower numbers (between 0.5 and 1.0 log CFU/cm2) to all surfaces except to the bacterial cellulose-only composite without pectin and xyloglucan. 27889167 6 7 attach attached 1052:1059 arg3 CFU/cm2 1117:1123 between 0.5 and 1.0 log CFU/cm2 1093:1123 between 0.5 and 1.0 log CFU/cm2 1093:1123 As compared to the non-sonicated controls, sonicated S. Typhimurium cells attached in significantly lower numbers (between 0.5 and 1.0 log CFU/cm2) to all surfaces except to the bacterial cellulose-only composite without pectin and xyloglucan. 27889167 6 7 attach attached 1052:1059 arg1 surfaces 1133:1140 all surfaces 1129:1140 all surfaces except to the bacterial cellulose-only composite without pectin and xyloglucan 1129:1219 As compared to the non-sonicated controls, sonicated S. Typhimurium cells attached in significantly lower numbers (between 0.5 and 1.0 log CFU/cm2) to all surfaces except to the bacterial cellulose-only composite without pectin and xyloglucan. 27889167 3 8 theme flagella 524:531 arg1 removal 513:519 Effective removal 503:519 Effective removal of flagella 503:531 Effective removal of flagella was determined by staining flagella of sonicated cells with Ryu's stain and enumerating the flagella remaining by direct microscopic counting. 27889167 0 9 theme plant 106:110 arg1 models 122:127 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 80:127 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 80:127 Sonication reduces the attachment of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells to bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models and cut plant material. 27889167 1 10 theme plant 351:355 arg1 walls 362:366 plant cell walls 351:366 plant cell walls 351:366 This study investigated the removal of bacterial surface structures, particularly flagella, using sonication, and examined its effect on the attachment of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells to plant cell walls. 27889167 5 11 theme models 970:975 arg1 range 919:923 a range 917:923 a range of bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 917:975 Varying concentrations of pectin and/or xyloglucan were used to produce a range of bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models. 27889167 6 12 theme non-sonicated 997:1009 arg1 controls 1011:1018 the non-sonicated controls 993:1018 the non-sonicated controls 993:1018 As compared to the non-sonicated controls, sonicated S. Typhimurium cells attached in significantly lower numbers (between 0.5 and 1.0 log CFU/cm2) to all surfaces except to the bacterial cellulose-only composite without pectin and xyloglucan. 27889167 0 13 theme cellulose-based 90:104 arg1 models 122:127 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 80:127 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 80:127 Sonication reduces the attachment of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells to bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models and cut plant material. 27889167 1 14 theme cell 357:360 arg1 walls 362:366 plant cell walls 351:366 plant cell walls 351:366 This study investigated the removal of bacterial surface structures, particularly flagella, using sonication, and examined its effect on the attachment of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells to plant cell walls. 27889167 7 15 theme bacterial 1264:1272 arg1 composite 1289:1297 the bacterial cellulose-only composite 1260:1297 the bacterial cellulose-only composite 1260:1297 Since attachment of S. Typhimurium to the bacterial cellulose-only composite was not affected by sonication, this suggests that bacterial surface structures, particularly flagella, could have specific interactions with pectin and xyloglucan. 27889167 4 16 theme plant 785:789 arg1 material 791:798 cut plant material 781:798 cut plant material (potato, apple, lettuce) 781:823 The attachment of sonicated S. Typhimurium cells to bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models and cut plant material (potato, apple, lettuce) was then evaluated. 27889167 5 17 theme cellulose-based 938:952 arg1 models 970:975 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 928:975 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 928:975 Varying concentrations of pectin and/or xyloglucan were used to produce a range of bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models. 27889167 0 18 theme wall 117:120 arg1 models 122:127 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 80:127 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 80:127 Sonication reduces the attachment of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells to bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models and cut plant material. 27889167 4 19 theme cellulose-based 738:752 arg1 models 770:775 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 728:775 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 728:775 The attachment of sonicated S. Typhimurium cells to bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models and cut plant material (potato, apple, lettuce) was then evaluated. 27889167 5 20 theme Varying 845:851 arg1 concentrations 853:866 Varying concentrations 845:866 Varying concentrations of pectin and/or xyloglucan 845:894 Varying concentrations of pectin and/or xyloglucan were used to produce a range of bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models. 27889167 0 21 attach attachment 23:32 arg1 models 122:127 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 80:127 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 80:127 Sonication reduces the attachment of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells to bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models and cut plant material. 27889167 0 21 attach attachment 23:32 arg1 material 143:150 cut plant material 133:150 cut plant material 133:150 Sonication reduces the attachment of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells to bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models and cut plant material. 27889167 0 21 attach attachment 23:32 arg2 cells 71:75 Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells 37:75 Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells 37:75 Sonication reduces the attachment of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells to bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models and cut plant material. 27889167 2 22 dep S. 369:370 arg1 Typhimurium 372:382 Typhimurium 372:382 Typhimurium 372:382 S. Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells were subjected to sonication at 20 kHz to remove surface structures without affecting cell viability. 27889167 4 23 theme sonicated 694:702 arg1 cells 719:723 sonicated S. Typhimurium cells 694:723 sonicated S. Typhimurium cells 694:723 The attachment of sonicated S. Typhimurium cells to bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models and cut plant material (potato, apple, lettuce) was then evaluated. 27889167 5 24 theme pectin 871:876 arg1 concentrations 853:866 Varying concentrations 845:866 Varying concentrations of pectin and/or xyloglucan 845:894 Varying concentrations of pectin and/or xyloglucan were used to produce a range of bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models. 27889167 0 25 theme cell 112:115 arg1 models 122:127 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 80:127 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 80:127 Sonication reduces the attachment of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells to bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models and cut plant material. 27889167 2 26 theme cell 487:490 arg1 viability 492:500 cell viability 487:500 cell viability 487:500 S. Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells were subjected to sonication at 20 kHz to remove surface structures without affecting cell viability. 27889167 6 27 theme Typhimurium 1034:1044 arg1 cells 1046:1050 S. Typhimurium cells 1031:1050 S. Typhimurium cells attached in significantly lower numbers (between 0.5 and 1.0 log CFU/cm2) to all surfaces except to the bacterial cellulose-only composite without pectin and xyloglucan 1031:1219 As compared to the non-sonicated controls, sonicated S. Typhimurium cells attached in significantly lower numbers (between 0.5 and 1.0 log CFU/cm2) to all surfaces except to the bacterial cellulose-only composite without pectin and xyloglucan. 27889167 8 28 theme potential 1510:1518 arg1 applications 1520:1531 potential applications 1510:1531 potential applications 1510:1531 This study indicates that sonication may have potential applications for reducing Salmonella attachment during the processing of fresh produce. 27889167 2 29 theme surface 450:456 arg1 structures 458:467 surface structures 450:467 surface structures 450:467 S. Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells were subjected to sonication at 20 kHz to remove surface structures without affecting cell viability. 27889167 6 30 theme cellulose-only 1166:1179 arg1 composite 1181:1189 the bacterial cellulose-only composite 1152:1189 the bacterial cellulose-only composite without pectin and xyloglucan 1152:1219 As compared to the non-sonicated controls, sonicated S. Typhimurium cells attached in significantly lower numbers (between 0.5 and 1.0 log CFU/cm2) to all surfaces except to the bacterial cellulose-only composite without pectin and xyloglucan. 27889167 7 31 theme Typhimurium 1245:1255 arg1 attachment 1228:1237 attachment 1228:1237 attachment of S. Typhimurium to the bacterial cellulose-only composite 1228:1297 Since attachment of S. Typhimurium to the bacterial cellulose-only composite was not affected by sonication, this suggests that bacterial surface structures, particularly flagella, could have specific interactions with pectin and xyloglucan. 27889167 5 32 theme plant 954:958 arg1 models 970:975 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 928:975 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 928:975 Varying concentrations of pectin and/or xyloglucan were used to produce a range of bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models. 27889167 2 33 theme ATCC 384:387 arg1 14028 cells 389:399 S. Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells 369:399 S. Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells 369:399 S. Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells were subjected to sonication at 20 kHz to remove surface structures without affecting cell viability. 27889167 1 34 from effect 280:285 arg1 attachment 294:303 the attachment 290:303 the attachment of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells to plant cell walls 290:366 This study investigated the removal of bacterial surface structures, particularly flagella, using sonication, and examined its effect on the attachment of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells to plant cell walls. 27889167 1 35 attach attachment 294:303 arg1 walls 362:366 plant cell walls 351:366 plant cell walls 351:366 This study investigated the removal of bacterial surface structures, particularly flagella, using sonication, and examined its effect on the attachment of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells to plant cell walls. 27889167 1 35 attach attachment 294:303 arg2 14028 cells 336:346 Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells 308:346 Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells 308:346 This study investigated the removal of bacterial surface structures, particularly flagella, using sonication, and examined its effect on the attachment of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells to plant cell walls. 27889167 4 36 theme cells 719:723 arg1 attachment 680:689 The attachment 676:689 The attachment of sonicated S. Typhimurium cells to bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models and cut plant material (potato, apple, lettuce) 676:823 The attachment of sonicated S. Typhimurium cells to bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models and cut plant material (potato, apple, lettuce) was then evaluated. 27889167 7 37 theme cellulose-only 1274:1287 arg1 composite 1289:1297 the bacterial cellulose-only composite 1260:1297 the bacterial cellulose-only composite 1260:1297 Since attachment of S. Typhimurium to the bacterial cellulose-only composite was not affected by sonication, this suggests that bacterial surface structures, particularly flagella, could have specific interactions with pectin and xyloglucan. 27889167 3 38 theme sonicated 572:580 arg1 cells 582:586 sonicated cells 572:586 sonicated cells 572:586 Effective removal of flagella was determined by staining flagella of sonicated cells with Ryu's stain and enumerating the flagella remaining by direct microscopic counting. 27889167 1 39 theme bacterial 192:200 arg1 structures 210:219 bacterial surface structures 192:219 bacterial surface structures 192:219 This study investigated the removal of bacterial surface structures, particularly flagella, using sonication, and examined its effect on the attachment of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells to plant cell walls. 27889167 1 39 theme bacterial 192:200 arg1 flagella 235:242 flagella 235:242 flagella 235:242 This study investigated the removal of bacterial surface structures, particularly flagella, using sonication, and examined its effect on the attachment of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells to plant cell walls. 27889167 4 40 theme wall 765:768 arg1 models 770:775 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 728:775 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 728:775 The attachment of sonicated S. Typhimurium cells to bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models and cut plant material (potato, apple, lettuce) was then evaluated. 27889167 5 41 theme cell 960:963 arg1 models 970:975 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 928:975 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 928:975 Varying concentrations of pectin and/or xyloglucan were used to produce a range of bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models. 27889167 3 42 theme cells 582:586 arg1 flagella 560:567 flagella 560:567 flagella of sonicated cells with Ryu's stain 560:603 Effective removal of flagella was determined by staining flagella of sonicated cells with Ryu's stain and enumerating the flagella remaining by direct microscopic counting. 27889167 1 43 theme surface 202:208 arg1 structures 210:219 bacterial surface structures 192:219 bacterial surface structures 192:219 This study investigated the removal of bacterial surface structures, particularly flagella, using sonication, and examined its effect on the attachment of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells to plant cell walls. 27889167 1 43 theme surface 202:208 arg1 flagella 235:242 flagella 235:242 flagella 235:242 This study investigated the removal of bacterial surface structures, particularly flagella, using sonication, and examined its effect on the attachment of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells to plant cell walls. 27889167 0 44 theme Salmonella 37:46 arg1 cells 71:75 Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells 37:75 Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells 37:75 Sonication reduces the attachment of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells to bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models and cut plant material. 27889167 0 45 theme plant 137:141 arg1 material 143:150 cut plant material 133:150 cut plant material 133:150 Sonication reduces the attachment of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells to bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models and cut plant material. 27889167 4 46 attach attachment 680:689 arg1 material 791:798 cut plant material 781:798 cut plant material (potato, apple, lettuce) 781:823 The attachment of sonicated S. Typhimurium cells to bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models and cut plant material (potato, apple, lettuce) was then evaluated. 27889167 4 46 attach attachment 680:689 arg1 models 770:775 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 728:775 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 728:775 The attachment of sonicated S. Typhimurium cells to bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models and cut plant material (potato, apple, lettuce) was then evaluated. 27889167 4 46 attach attachment 680:689 arg2 cells 719:723 sonicated S. Typhimurium cells 694:723 sonicated S. Typhimurium cells 694:723 The attachment of sonicated S. Typhimurium cells to bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models and cut plant material (potato, apple, lettuce) was then evaluated. 27889167 7 47 theme specific 1414:1421 arg1 interactions 1423:1434 specific interactions 1414:1434 specific interactions with pectin and xyloglucan 1414:1461 Since attachment of S. Typhimurium to the bacterial cellulose-only composite was not affected by sonication, this suggests that bacterial surface structures, particularly flagella, could have specific interactions with pectin and xyloglucan. 27889167 7 48 theme bacterial 1350:1358 arg1 flagella 1393:1400 flagella 1393:1400 particularly flagella 1380:1400 Since attachment of S. Typhimurium to the bacterial cellulose-only composite was not affected by sonication, this suggests that bacterial surface structures, particularly flagella, could have specific interactions with pectin and xyloglucan. 27889167 7 48 theme bacterial 1350:1358 arg1 structures 1368:1377 bacterial surface structures 1350:1377 bacterial surface structures 1350:1377 Since attachment of S. Typhimurium to the bacterial cellulose-only composite was not affected by sonication, this suggests that bacterial surface structures, particularly flagella, could have specific interactions with pectin and xyloglucan. 27889167 1 49 theme structures 210:219 arg1 removal 181:187 the removal 177:187 the removal of bacterial surface structures, particularly flagella, using sonication, 177:261 This study investigated the removal of bacterial surface structures, particularly flagella, using sonication, and examined its effect on the attachment of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells to plant cell walls. 27889167 4 50 theme Typhimurium 707:717 arg1 cells 719:723 sonicated S. Typhimurium cells 694:723 sonicated S. Typhimurium cells 694:723 The attachment of sonicated S. Typhimurium cells to bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models and cut plant material (potato, apple, lettuce) was then evaluated. 27889167 0 51 theme cut 133:135 arg1 material 143:150 cut plant material 133:150 cut plant material 133:150 Sonication reduces the attachment of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells to bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models and cut plant material. 27889167 3 52 theme direct 647:652 arg1 counting 666:673 direct microscopic counting 647:673 direct microscopic counting 647:673 Effective removal of flagella was determined by staining flagella of sonicated cells with Ryu's stain and enumerating the flagella remaining by direct microscopic counting. 27889167 6 53 theme bacterial 1156:1164 arg1 composite 1181:1189 the bacterial cellulose-only composite 1152:1189 the bacterial cellulose-only composite without pectin and xyloglucan 1152:1219 As compared to the non-sonicated controls, sonicated S. Typhimurium cells attached in significantly lower numbers (between 0.5 and 1.0 log CFU/cm2) to all surfaces except to the bacterial cellulose-only composite without pectin and xyloglucan. 27889167 7 54 attach attachment 1228:1237 arg2 Typhimurium 1245:1255 S. Typhimurium 1242:1255 S. Typhimurium 1242:1255 Since attachment of S. Typhimurium to the bacterial cellulose-only composite was not affected by sonication, this suggests that bacterial surface structures, particularly flagella, could have specific interactions with pectin and xyloglucan. 27889167 7 54 attach attachment 1228:1237 arg1 composite 1289:1297 the bacterial cellulose-only composite 1260:1297 the bacterial cellulose-only composite 1260:1297 Since attachment of S. Typhimurium to the bacterial cellulose-only composite was not affected by sonication, this suggests that bacterial surface structures, particularly flagella, could have specific interactions with pectin and xyloglucan. 27889167 7 55 with interactions 1423:1434 arg1 xyloglucan 1452:1461 xyloglucan 1452:1461 xyloglucan 1452:1461 Since attachment of S. Typhimurium to the bacterial cellulose-only composite was not affected by sonication, this suggests that bacterial surface structures, particularly flagella, could have specific interactions with pectin and xyloglucan. 27889167 7 55 with interactions 1423:1434 arg1 pectin 1441:1446 pectin 1441:1446 pectin 1441:1446 Since attachment of S. Typhimurium to the bacterial cellulose-only composite was not affected by sonication, this suggests that bacterial surface structures, particularly flagella, could have specific interactions with pectin and xyloglucan. 27889167 0 56 theme ATCC 60:63 arg1 cells 71:75 Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells 37:75 Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells 37:75 Sonication reduces the attachment of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells to bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models and cut plant material. 27889167 5 57 theme xyloglucan 885:894 arg1 concentrations 853:866 Varying concentrations 845:866 Varying concentrations of pectin and/or xyloglucan 845:894 Varying concentrations of pectin and/or xyloglucan were used to produce a range of bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models. 27889167 3 58 theme microscopic 654:664 arg1 counting 666:673 direct microscopic counting 647:673 direct microscopic counting 647:673 Effective removal of flagella was determined by staining flagella of sonicated cells with Ryu's stain and enumerating the flagella remaining by direct microscopic counting. 27889167 0 59 dep Salmonella 37:46 arg1 Typhimurium 48:58 Typhimurium 48:58 Typhimurium 48:58 Sonication reduces the attachment of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells to bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models and cut plant material. 27889167 3 60 theme Effective 503:511 arg1 removal 513:519 Effective removal 503:519 Effective removal of flagella 503:531 Effective removal of flagella was determined by staining flagella of sonicated cells with Ryu's stain and enumerating the flagella remaining by direct microscopic counting. 27889167 5 61 theme wall 965:968 arg1 models 970:975 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 928:975 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 928:975 Varying concentrations of pectin and/or xyloglucan were used to produce a range of bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models. 27889167 1 62 theme Salmonella 308:317 arg1 14028 cells 336:346 Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells 308:346 Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells 308:346 This study investigated the removal of bacterial surface structures, particularly flagella, using sonication, and examined its effect on the attachment of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells to plant cell walls. 27889167 5 63 used used 901:904 arg2 concentrations 853:866 Varying concentrations 845:866 Varying concentrations of pectin and/or xyloglucan 845:894 Varying concentrations of pectin and/or xyloglucan were used to produce a range of bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models. 27889167 4 64 theme bacterial 728:736 arg1 models 770:775 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 728:775 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 728:775 The attachment of sonicated S. Typhimurium cells to bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models and cut plant material (potato, apple, lettuce) was then evaluated. 27889167 8 65 contain have 1505:1508 arg2 applications 1520:1531 potential applications 1510:1531 potential applications 1510:1531 This study indicates that sonication may have potential applications for reducing Salmonella attachment during the processing of fresh produce. 27889167 8 65 contain have 1505:1508 arg1 sonication 1490:1499 sonication 1490:1499 sonication 1490:1499 This study indicates that sonication may have potential applications for reducing Salmonella attachment during the processing of fresh produce. 27889167 7 66 theme surface 1360:1366 arg1 flagella 1393:1400 flagella 1393:1400 particularly flagella 1380:1400 Since attachment of S. Typhimurium to the bacterial cellulose-only composite was not affected by sonication, this suggests that bacterial surface structures, particularly flagella, could have specific interactions with pectin and xyloglucan. 27889167 7 66 theme surface 1360:1366 arg1 structures 1368:1377 bacterial surface structures 1350:1377 bacterial surface structures 1350:1377 Since attachment of S. Typhimurium to the bacterial cellulose-only composite was not affected by sonication, this suggests that bacterial surface structures, particularly flagella, could have specific interactions with pectin and xyloglucan. 27889167 4 67 theme cell 760:763 arg1 models 770:775 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 728:775 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 728:775 The attachment of sonicated S. Typhimurium cells to bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models and cut plant material (potato, apple, lettuce) was then evaluated. 27889167 4 68 theme cut 781:783 arg1 material 791:798 cut plant material 781:798 cut plant material (potato, apple, lettuce) 781:823 The attachment of sonicated S. Typhimurium cells to bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models and cut plant material (potato, apple, lettuce) was then evaluated. 27889167 8 69 theme Salmonella 1546:1555 arg1 attachment 1557:1566 Salmonella attachment 1546:1566 Salmonella attachment 1546:1566 This study indicates that sonication may have potential applications for reducing Salmonella attachment during the processing of fresh produce. 27889167 4 70 theme plant 754:758 arg1 models 770:775 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 728:775 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 728:775 The attachment of sonicated S. Typhimurium cells to bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models and cut plant material (potato, apple, lettuce) was then evaluated. 27889167 5 71 theme bacterial 928:936 arg1 models 970:975 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 928:975 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 928:975 Varying concentrations of pectin and/or xyloglucan were used to produce a range of bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models. 27889167 0 72 theme cells 71:75 arg1 attachment 23:32 the attachment 19:32 the attachment of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells to bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models and cut plant material 19:150 Sonication reduces the attachment of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells to bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models and cut plant material. 27889167 6 73 theme lower 1078:1082 arg1 CFU/cm2 1117:1123 between 0.5 and 1.0 log CFU/cm2 1093:1123 between 0.5 and 1.0 log CFU/cm2 1093:1123 As compared to the non-sonicated controls, sonicated S. Typhimurium cells attached in significantly lower numbers (between 0.5 and 1.0 log CFU/cm2) to all surfaces except to the bacterial cellulose-only composite without pectin and xyloglucan. 27889167 6 73 theme lower 1078:1082 arg1 numbers 1084:1090 significantly lower numbers 1064:1090 significantly lower numbers (between 0.5 and 1.0 log CFU/cm2) 1064:1124 As compared to the non-sonicated controls, sonicated S. Typhimurium cells attached in significantly lower numbers (between 0.5 and 1.0 log CFU/cm2) to all surfaces except to the bacterial cellulose-only composite without pectin and xyloglucan. 27889167 2 74 theme S. 369:370 arg1 14028 cells 389:399 S. Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells 369:399 S. Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells 369:399 S. Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells were subjected to sonication at 20 kHz to remove surface structures without affecting cell viability. 27889167 6 75 theme S. 1031:1032 arg1 cells 1046:1050 S. Typhimurium cells 1031:1050 S. Typhimurium cells attached in significantly lower numbers (between 0.5 and 1.0 log CFU/cm2) to all surfaces except to the bacterial cellulose-only composite without pectin and xyloglucan 1031:1219 As compared to the non-sonicated controls, sonicated S. Typhimurium cells attached in significantly lower numbers (between 0.5 and 1.0 log CFU/cm2) to all surfaces except to the bacterial cellulose-only composite without pectin and xyloglucan. 27889167 0 76 theme 14028 65:69 arg1 cells 71:75 Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells 37:75 Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells 37:75 Sonication reduces the attachment of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells to bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models and cut plant material. 27889167 1 77 theme ATCC 331:334 arg1 14028 cells 336:346 Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells 308:346 Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells 308:346 This study investigated the removal of bacterial surface structures, particularly flagella, using sonication, and examined its effect on the attachment of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 cells to plant cell walls. 27889167 8 78 dep fresh 1593:1597 arg1 produce 1599:1605 produce 1599:1605 produce 1599:1605 This study indicates that sonication may have potential applications for reducing Salmonella attachment during the processing of fresh produce. 25474948 1 0 theme gold 173:176 arg1 nanoparticles 178:190 gold nanoparticles 173:190 gold nanoparticles 173:190 Agarose gel/gold nanoparticles hybrid was prepared by adding gold nanoparticles to preformed agarose gel. 25474948 4 1 theme localized 646:654 arg1 LSPR 683:686 LSPR 683:686 LSPR 683:686 Based on the swelling-contraction characteristics of agarose gel and the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles, the nano-composites were used as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to detect the Raman signal molecules Nile blue A. Results revealed that the porous structure of the agarose gel provided a good carrier for the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles. 25474948 4 1 theme localized 646:654 arg1 resonance 672:680 the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance 631:680 the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles 631:713 Based on the swelling-contraction characteristics of agarose gel and the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles, the nano-composites were used as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to detect the Raman signal molecules Nile blue A. Results revealed that the porous structure of the agarose gel provided a good carrier for the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles. 25474948 4 2 theme gel 908:910 arg1 structure 883:891 the porous structure 872:891 the porous structure of the agarose gel 872:910 Based on the swelling-contraction characteristics of agarose gel and the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles, the nano-composites were used as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to detect the Raman signal molecules Nile blue A. Results revealed that the porous structure of the agarose gel provided a good carrier for the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles. 25474948 2 3 theme absorption 372:381 arg1 spectroscopy 383:394 UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy 361:394 UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy 361:394 Naniocomposite structures and properties were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy. 25474948 4 4 theme adjustable 635:644 arg1 LSPR 683:686 LSPR 683:686 LSPR 683:686 Based on the swelling-contraction characteristics of agarose gel and the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles, the nano-composites were used as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to detect the Raman signal molecules Nile blue A. Results revealed that the porous structure of the agarose gel provided a good carrier for the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles. 25474948 4 4 theme adjustable 635:644 arg1 resonance 672:680 the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance 631:680 the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles 631:713 Based on the swelling-contraction characteristics of agarose gel and the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles, the nano-composites were used as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to detect the Raman signal molecules Nile blue A. Results revealed that the porous structure of the agarose gel provided a good carrier for the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles. 25474948 4 5 theme Nile 837:840 arg1 Results 850:856 Nile blue A. Results 837:856 Nile blue A. Results 837:856 Based on the swelling-contraction characteristics of agarose gel and the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles, the nano-composites were used as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to detect the Raman signal molecules Nile blue A. Results revealed that the porous structure of the agarose gel provided a good carrier for the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles. 25474948 4 6 theme good 923:926 arg1 carrier 928:934 a good carrier 921:934 a good carrier for the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles 921:979 Based on the swelling-contraction characteristics of agarose gel and the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles, the nano-composites were used as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to detect the Raman signal molecules Nile blue A. Results revealed that the porous structure of the agarose gel provided a good carrier for the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles. 25474948 2 7 theme scanning 321:328 arg1 microscopy 339:348 scanning electron microscopy 321:348 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 321:354 Naniocomposite structures and properties were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy. 25474948 2 7 theme scanning 321:328 arg1 SEM 351:353 SEM 351:353 SEM 351:353 Naniocomposite structures and properties were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy. 25474948 2 8 theme electron 330:337 arg1 microscopy 339:348 scanning electron microscopy 321:348 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 321:354 Naniocomposite structures and properties were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy. 25474948 2 8 theme electron 330:337 arg1 SEM 351:353 SEM 351:353 SEM 351:353 Naniocomposite structures and properties were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy. 25474948 4 9 theme plasmon 664:670 arg1 LSPR 683:686 LSPR 683:686 LSPR 683:686 Based on the swelling-contraction characteristics of agarose gel and the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles, the nano-composites were used as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to detect the Raman signal molecules Nile blue A. Results revealed that the porous structure of the agarose gel provided a good carrier for the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles. 25474948 4 9 theme plasmon 664:670 arg1 resonance 672:680 the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance 631:680 the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles 631:713 Based on the swelling-contraction characteristics of agarose gel and the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles, the nano-composites were used as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to detect the Raman signal molecules Nile blue A. Results revealed that the porous structure of the agarose gel provided a good carrier for the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles. 25474948 3 10 theme Experimental 397:408 arg1 data 410:413 Experimental data 397:413 Experimental data 397:413 Experimental data indicated a uniform distribution of gold nanoparticles adsorbed on agarose gel network And the excellent optical absorption properties were shown. 25474948 5 11 theme hot-spot 1013:1020 arg1 effect 1022:1027 dynamic hot-spot effect 1005:1027 The gold nanoparticles dynamic hot-spot effect arising from the agarose gel contraction loss of water in the air 982:1093 The gold nanoparticles dynamic hot-spot effect arising from the agarose gel contraction loss of water in the air greatly enhanced the Raman signal. 25474948 4 12 theme enhanced 757:764 arg1 scattering 772:781 enhanced Raman scattering 757:781 surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate 749:798 Based on the swelling-contraction characteristics of agarose gel and the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles, the nano-composites were used as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to detect the Raman signal molecules Nile blue A. Results revealed that the porous structure of the agarose gel provided a good carrier for the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles. 25474948 4 12 theme enhanced 757:764 arg1 SERS 784:787 SERS 784:787 SERS 784:787 Based on the swelling-contraction characteristics of agarose gel and the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles, the nano-composites were used as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to detect the Raman signal molecules Nile blue A. Results revealed that the porous structure of the agarose gel provided a good carrier for the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles. 25474948 4 13 theme surface 656:662 arg1 LSPR 683:686 LSPR 683:686 LSPR 683:686 Based on the swelling-contraction characteristics of agarose gel and the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles, the nano-composites were used as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to detect the Raman signal molecules Nile blue A. Results revealed that the porous structure of the agarose gel provided a good carrier for the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles. 25474948 4 13 theme surface 656:662 arg1 resonance 672:680 the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance 631:680 the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles 631:713 Based on the swelling-contraction characteristics of agarose gel and the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles, the nano-composites were used as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to detect the Raman signal molecules Nile blue A. Results revealed that the porous structure of the agarose gel provided a good carrier for the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles. 25474948 4 14 theme surface 749:755 arg1 nano-composites 720:734 the nano-composites 716:734 the nano-composites 716:734 Based on the swelling-contraction characteristics of agarose gel and the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles, the nano-composites were used as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to detect the Raman signal molecules Nile blue A. Results revealed that the porous structure of the agarose gel provided a good carrier for the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles. 25474948 4 14 theme surface 749:755 arg1 substrate 790:798 surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate 749:798 surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate 749:798 Based on the swelling-contraction characteristics of agarose gel and the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles, the nano-composites were used as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to detect the Raman signal molecules Nile blue A. Results revealed that the porous structure of the agarose gel provided a good carrier for the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles. 25474948 2 15 theme UV-Vis-NIR 361:370 arg1 spectroscopy 383:394 UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy 361:394 UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy 361:394 Naniocomposite structures and properties were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy. 25474948 3 16 theme agarose 482:488 arg1 network 494:500 agarose gel network 482:500 agarose gel network 482:500 Experimental data indicated a uniform distribution of gold nanoparticles adsorbed on agarose gel network And the excellent optical absorption properties were shown. 25474948 3 17 theme gold 451:454 arg1 nanoparticles 456:468 gold nanoparticles 451:468 gold nanoparticles adsorbed on agarose gel network 451:500 Experimental data indicated a uniform distribution of gold nanoparticles adsorbed on agarose gel network And the excellent optical absorption properties were shown. 25474948 4 18 theme signal 820:825 arg1 molecules 827:835 the Raman signal molecules 810:835 the Raman signal molecules Nile blue A. Results revealed that the porous structure of the agarose gel provided a good carrier for the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles 810:979 Based on the swelling-contraction characteristics of agarose gel and the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles, the nano-composites were used as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to detect the Raman signal molecules Nile blue A. Results revealed that the porous structure of the agarose gel provided a good carrier for the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles. 25474948 1 19 theme preformed 195:203 arg1 gel 213:215 preformed agarose gel 195:215 preformed agarose gel 195:215 Agarose gel/gold nanoparticles hybrid was prepared by adding gold nanoparticles to preformed agarose gel. 25474948 4 20 theme agarose 900:906 arg1 gel 908:910 the agarose gel 896:910 the agarose gel 896:910 Based on the swelling-contraction characteristics of agarose gel and the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles, the nano-composites were used as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to detect the Raman signal molecules Nile blue A. Results revealed that the porous structure of the agarose gel provided a good carrier for the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles. 25474948 5 21 theme agarose 1046:1052 arg1 loss 1070:1073 the agarose gel contraction loss 1042:1073 the agarose gel contraction loss of water in the air 1042:1093 The gold nanoparticles dynamic hot-spot effect arising from the agarose gel contraction loss of water in the air greatly enhanced the Raman signal. 25474948 1 22 theme agarose 205:211 arg1 gel 213:215 preformed agarose gel 195:215 preformed agarose gel 195:215 Agarose gel/gold nanoparticles hybrid was prepared by adding gold nanoparticles to preformed agarose gel. 25474948 3 23 theme uniform 427:433 arg1 distribution 435:446 a uniform distribution 425:446 a uniform distribution of gold nanoparticles adsorbed on agarose gel network 425:500 Experimental data indicated a uniform distribution of gold nanoparticles adsorbed on agarose gel network And the excellent optical absorption properties were shown. 25474948 4 24 theme gel 623:625 arg1 characteristics 596:610 the swelling-contraction characteristics 571:610 the swelling-contraction characteristics of agarose gel 571:625 Based on the swelling-contraction characteristics of agarose gel and the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles, the nano-composites were used as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to detect the Raman signal molecules Nile blue A. Results revealed that the porous structure of the agarose gel provided a good carrier for the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles. 25474948 4 24 theme gel 623:625 arg1 LSPR 683:686 LSPR 683:686 LSPR 683:686 Based on the swelling-contraction characteristics of agarose gel and the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles, the nano-composites were used as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to detect the Raman signal molecules Nile blue A. Results revealed that the porous structure of the agarose gel provided a good carrier for the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles. 25474948 4 24 theme gel 623:625 arg1 resonance 672:680 the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance 631:680 the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles 631:713 Based on the swelling-contraction characteristics of agarose gel and the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles, the nano-composites were used as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to detect the Raman signal molecules Nile blue A. Results revealed that the porous structure of the agarose gel provided a good carrier for the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles. 25474948 4 25 used used 741:744 arg2 nano-composites 720:734 the nano-composites 716:734 the nano-composites 716:734 Based on the swelling-contraction characteristics of agarose gel and the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles, the nano-composites were used as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to detect the Raman signal molecules Nile blue A. Results revealed that the porous structure of the agarose gel provided a good carrier for the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles. 25474948 4 25 used used 741:744 arg2 substrate 790:798 surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate 749:798 surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate 749:798 Based on the swelling-contraction characteristics of agarose gel and the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles, the nano-composites were used as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to detect the Raman signal molecules Nile blue A. Results revealed that the porous structure of the agarose gel provided a good carrier for the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles. 25474948 4 26 theme agarose 615:621 arg1 gel 623:625 agarose gel 615:625 agarose gel 615:625 Based on the swelling-contraction characteristics of agarose gel and the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles, the nano-composites were used as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to detect the Raman signal molecules Nile blue A. Results revealed that the porous structure of the agarose gel provided a good carrier for the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles. 25474948 1 27 theme Agarose 112:118 arg1 hybrid 143:148 Agarose gel/gold nanoparticles hybrid 112:148 Agarose gel/gold nanoparticles hybrid 112:148 Agarose gel/gold nanoparticles hybrid was prepared by adding gold nanoparticles to preformed agarose gel. 25474948 5 28 theme dynamic 1005:1011 arg1 effect 1022:1027 dynamic hot-spot effect 1005:1027 The gold nanoparticles dynamic hot-spot effect arising from the agarose gel contraction loss of water in the air 982:1093 The gold nanoparticles dynamic hot-spot effect arising from the agarose gel contraction loss of water in the air greatly enhanced the Raman signal. 25474948 1 29 theme gel/gold 120:127 arg1 hybrid 143:148 Agarose gel/gold nanoparticles hybrid 112:148 Agarose gel/gold nanoparticles hybrid 112:148 Agarose gel/gold nanoparticles hybrid was prepared by adding gold nanoparticles to preformed agarose gel. 25474948 3 30 theme excellent 510:518 arg1 properties 539:548 the excellent optical absorption properties 506:548 the excellent optical absorption properties 506:548 Experimental data indicated a uniform distribution of gold nanoparticles adsorbed on agarose gel network And the excellent optical absorption properties were shown. 25474948 0 31 theme Raman 52:56 arg1 properties 58:67 surface-enhanced Raman properties 35:67 surface-enhanced Raman properties 35:67 [Preparation, characterization and surface-enhanced Raman properties of agarose gel/gold nanoparticles hybrid]. 25474948 5 32 theme gel 1054:1056 arg1 loss 1070:1073 the agarose gel contraction loss 1042:1073 the agarose gel contraction loss of water in the air 1042:1093 The gold nanoparticles dynamic hot-spot effect arising from the agarose gel contraction loss of water in the air greatly enhanced the Raman signal. 25474948 4 33 theme nanoparticles 967:979 arg1 enrichment 944:953 the enrichment 940:953 the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles 940:979 Based on the swelling-contraction characteristics of agarose gel and the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles, the nano-composites were used as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to detect the Raman signal molecules Nile blue A. Results revealed that the porous structure of the agarose gel provided a good carrier for the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles. 25474948 5 34 theme contraction 1058:1068 arg1 loss 1070:1073 the agarose gel contraction loss 1042:1073 the agarose gel contraction loss of water in the air 1042:1093 The gold nanoparticles dynamic hot-spot effect arising from the agarose gel contraction loss of water in the air greatly enhanced the Raman signal. 25474948 5 35 from loss 1070:1073 arg1 air 1091:1093 the air 1087:1093 the air 1087:1093 The gold nanoparticles dynamic hot-spot effect arising from the agarose gel contraction loss of water in the air greatly enhanced the Raman signal. 25474948 4 36 theme nanoparticles 701:713 arg1 characteristics 596:610 the swelling-contraction characteristics 571:610 the swelling-contraction characteristics of agarose gel 571:625 Based on the swelling-contraction characteristics of agarose gel and the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles, the nano-composites were used as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to detect the Raman signal molecules Nile blue A. Results revealed that the porous structure of the agarose gel provided a good carrier for the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles. 25474948 4 36 theme nanoparticles 701:713 arg1 LSPR 683:686 LSPR 683:686 LSPR 683:686 Based on the swelling-contraction characteristics of agarose gel and the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles, the nano-composites were used as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to detect the Raman signal molecules Nile blue A. Results revealed that the porous structure of the agarose gel provided a good carrier for the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles. 25474948 4 36 theme nanoparticles 701:713 arg1 resonance 672:680 the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance 631:680 the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles 631:713 Based on the swelling-contraction characteristics of agarose gel and the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles, the nano-composites were used as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to detect the Raman signal molecules Nile blue A. Results revealed that the porous structure of the agarose gel provided a good carrier for the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles. 25474948 0 37 theme surface-enhanced 35:50 arg1 properties 58:67 surface-enhanced Raman properties 35:67 surface-enhanced Raman properties 35:67 [Preparation, characterization and surface-enhanced Raman properties of agarose gel/gold nanoparticles hybrid]. 25474948 4 38 theme swelling-contraction 575:594 arg1 characteristics 596:610 the swelling-contraction characteristics 571:610 the swelling-contraction characteristics of agarose gel 571:625 Based on the swelling-contraction characteristics of agarose gel and the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles, the nano-composites were used as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to detect the Raman signal molecules Nile blue A. Results revealed that the porous structure of the agarose gel provided a good carrier for the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles. 25474948 3 39 theme nanoparticles 456:468 arg1 distribution 435:446 a uniform distribution 425:446 a uniform distribution of gold nanoparticles adsorbed on agarose gel network 425:500 Experimental data indicated a uniform distribution of gold nanoparticles adsorbed on agarose gel network And the excellent optical absorption properties were shown. 25474948 5 40 theme Raman 1116:1120 arg1 signal 1122:1127 the Raman signal 1112:1127 the Raman signal 1112:1127 The gold nanoparticles dynamic hot-spot effect arising from the agarose gel contraction loss of water in the air greatly enhanced the Raman signal. 25474948 4 41 theme gold 696:699 arg1 nanoparticles 701:713 the gold nanoparticles 692:713 the gold nanoparticles 692:713 Based on the swelling-contraction characteristics of agarose gel and the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles, the nano-composites were used as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to detect the Raman signal molecules Nile blue A. Results revealed that the porous structure of the agarose gel provided a good carrier for the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles. 25474948 4 42 theme porous 876:881 arg1 structure 883:891 the porous structure 872:891 the porous structure of the agarose gel 872:910 Based on the swelling-contraction characteristics of agarose gel and the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles, the nano-composites were used as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to detect the Raman signal molecules Nile blue A. Results revealed that the porous structure of the agarose gel provided a good carrier for the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles. 25474948 1 43 theme nanoparticles 129:141 arg1 hybrid 143:148 Agarose gel/gold nanoparticles hybrid 112:148 Agarose gel/gold nanoparticles hybrid 112:148 Agarose gel/gold nanoparticles hybrid was prepared by adding gold nanoparticles to preformed agarose gel. 25474948 4 44 theme gold 962:965 arg1 nanoparticles 967:979 the gold nanoparticles 958:979 the gold nanoparticles 958:979 Based on the swelling-contraction characteristics of agarose gel and the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles, the nano-composites were used as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to detect the Raman signal molecules Nile blue A. Results revealed that the porous structure of the agarose gel provided a good carrier for the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles. 25474948 5 45 theme water 1078:1082 arg1 loss 1070:1073 the agarose gel contraction loss 1042:1073 the agarose gel contraction loss of water in the air 1042:1093 The gold nanoparticles dynamic hot-spot effect arising from the agarose gel contraction loss of water in the air greatly enhanced the Raman signal. 25474948 4 46 theme Raman 766:770 arg1 scattering 772:781 enhanced Raman scattering 757:781 surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate 749:798 Based on the swelling-contraction characteristics of agarose gel and the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles, the nano-composites were used as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to detect the Raman signal molecules Nile blue A. Results revealed that the porous structure of the agarose gel provided a good carrier for the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles. 25474948 4 46 theme Raman 766:770 arg1 SERS 784:787 SERS 784:787 SERS 784:787 Based on the swelling-contraction characteristics of agarose gel and the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles, the nano-composites were used as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to detect the Raman signal molecules Nile blue A. Results revealed that the porous structure of the agarose gel provided a good carrier for the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles. 25474948 4 47 theme A. 847:848 arg1 Results 850:856 Nile blue A. Results 837:856 Nile blue A. Results 837:856 Based on the swelling-contraction characteristics of agarose gel and the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles, the nano-composites were used as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to detect the Raman signal molecules Nile blue A. Results revealed that the porous structure of the agarose gel provided a good carrier for the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles. 25474948 4 48 theme scattering 772:781 arg1 nano-composites 720:734 the nano-composites 716:734 the nano-composites 716:734 Based on the swelling-contraction characteristics of agarose gel and the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles, the nano-composites were used as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to detect the Raman signal molecules Nile blue A. Results revealed that the porous structure of the agarose gel provided a good carrier for the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles. 25474948 4 48 theme scattering 772:781 arg1 substrate 790:798 surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate 749:798 surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate 749:798 Based on the swelling-contraction characteristics of agarose gel and the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles, the nano-composites were used as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to detect the Raman signal molecules Nile blue A. Results revealed that the porous structure of the agarose gel provided a good carrier for the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles. 25474948 4 49 theme blue 842:845 arg1 Results 850:856 Nile blue A. Results 837:856 Nile blue A. Results 837:856 Based on the swelling-contraction characteristics of agarose gel and the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles, the nano-composites were used as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to detect the Raman signal molecules Nile blue A. Results revealed that the porous structure of the agarose gel provided a good carrier for the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles. 25474948 3 50 theme optical 520:526 arg1 properties 539:548 the excellent optical absorption properties 506:548 the excellent optical absorption properties 506:548 Experimental data indicated a uniform distribution of gold nanoparticles adsorbed on agarose gel network And the excellent optical absorption properties were shown. 25474948 5 51 theme gold 986:989 arg1 nanoparticles 991:1003 The gold nanoparticles 982:1003 The gold nanoparticles dynamic hot-spot effect arising from the agarose gel contraction loss of water in the air 982:1093 The gold nanoparticles dynamic hot-spot effect arising from the agarose gel contraction loss of water in the air greatly enhanced the Raman signal. 25474948 2 52 theme Naniocomposite 218:231 arg1 structures 233:242 Naniocomposite structures 218:242 Naniocomposite structures 218:242 Naniocomposite structures and properties were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy. 25474948 4 53 theme Raman 814:818 arg1 molecules 827:835 the Raman signal molecules 810:835 the Raman signal molecules Nile blue A. Results revealed that the porous structure of the agarose gel provided a good carrier for the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles 810:979 Based on the swelling-contraction characteristics of agarose gel and the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles, the nano-composites were used as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to detect the Raman signal molecules Nile blue A. Results revealed that the porous structure of the agarose gel provided a good carrier for the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles. 25474948 3 54 theme absorption 528:537 arg1 properties 539:548 the excellent optical absorption properties 506:548 the excellent optical absorption properties 506:548 Experimental data indicated a uniform distribution of gold nanoparticles adsorbed on agarose gel network And the excellent optical absorption properties were shown. 25474948 2 55 theme electron 294:301 arg1 TEM 315:317 TEM 315:317 TEM 315:317 Naniocomposite structures and properties were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy. 25474948 2 55 theme electron 294:301 arg1 microscopy 303:312 transmission electron microscopy 281:312 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 281:318 Naniocomposite structures and properties were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy. 25474948 4 56 dep molecules 827:835 arg1 revealed 858:865 revealed 858:865 revealed that the porous structure of the agarose gel provided a good carrier for the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles 858:979 Based on the swelling-contraction characteristics of agarose gel and the adjustable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles, the nano-composites were used as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to detect the Raman signal molecules Nile blue A. Results revealed that the porous structure of the agarose gel provided a good carrier for the enrichment of the gold nanoparticles. 25474948 3 57 theme gel 490:492 arg1 network 494:500 agarose gel network 482:500 agarose gel network 482:500 Experimental data indicated a uniform distribution of gold nanoparticles adsorbed on agarose gel network And the excellent optical absorption properties were shown. 25474948 0 58 theme agarose 72:78 arg1 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 [Preparation, characterization and surface-enhanced Raman properties of agarose gel/gold nanoparticles hybrid]. 25474948 0 58 theme agarose 72:78 arg1 [Preparation 0:11 [Preparation 0:11 [Preparation 0:11 [Preparation, characterization and surface-enhanced Raman properties of agarose gel/gold nanoparticles hybrid]. 25474948 0 58 theme agarose 72:78 arg1 properties 58:67 surface-enhanced Raman properties 35:67 surface-enhanced Raman properties 35:67 [Preparation, characterization and surface-enhanced Raman properties of agarose gel/gold nanoparticles hybrid]. 25474948 2 59 theme transmission 281:292 arg1 TEM 315:317 TEM 315:317 TEM 315:317 Naniocomposite structures and properties were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy. 25474948 2 59 theme transmission 281:292 arg1 microscopy 303:312 transmission electron microscopy 281:312 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 281:318 Naniocomposite structures and properties were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy. 25474948 5 60 dep nanoparticles 991:1003 arg1 effect 1022:1027 dynamic hot-spot effect 1005:1027 The gold nanoparticles dynamic hot-spot effect arising from the agarose gel contraction loss of water in the air 982:1093 The gold nanoparticles dynamic hot-spot effect arising from the agarose gel contraction loss of water in the air greatly enhanced the Raman signal. 24333392 0 0 theme red 100:102 arg1 removal 104:110 congo red removal 94:110 congo red removal 94:110 Use of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin/polyethylene glycol 400, modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles for congo red removal. 24333392 1 1 used used 291:294 arg2 nanoparticles 119:131 Fe3O4 nanoparticles 113:131 Fe3O4 nanoparticles 113:131 Fe3O4 nanoparticles were modified with Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) by a facile one-pot homogeneous precipitation method, and were used as a novel nano-adsorbent for the removal of congo red (CR) from aqueous solutions. 24333392 1 1 used used 291:294 arg2 nano-adsorbent 307:320 a novel nano-adsorbent 299:320 a novel nano-adsorbent for the removal of congo red (CR) from aqueous solutions 299:377 Fe3O4 nanoparticles were modified with Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) by a facile one-pot homogeneous precipitation method, and were used as a novel nano-adsorbent for the removal of congo red (CR) from aqueous solutions. 24333392 1 2 theme red 347:349 arg1 removal 330:336 the removal 326:336 the removal of congo red (CR) from aqueous solutions 326:377 Fe3O4 nanoparticles were modified with Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) by a facile one-pot homogeneous precipitation method, and were used as a novel nano-adsorbent for the removal of congo red (CR) from aqueous solutions. 24333392 5 3 dep Fe3O4 835:839 arg1 nanoparticles 841:853 nanoparticles 841:853 nanoparticles 841:853 The results suggest that the HP-β-CD/PEG400-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles is a promising adsorbent for CR removal from aqueous solutions, and it is easily recycled owing to its large specific surface area and unique magnetic responsiveness. 24333392 4 4 theme good 733:736 arg1 ability 751:757 the good regeneration ability 729:757 the good regeneration ability of the nanocomposites 729:779 Desorption study further indicates the good regeneration ability of the nanocomposites. 24333392 3 5 theme Fe3O4 673:677 arg1 nanoparticles 679:691 Fe3O4 nanoparticles 673:691 Fe3O4 nanoparticles 673:691 The value of the maximum adsorption capacity calculated according to the Langmuir isotherm model were 1.895g/g, which are much high and about 19 times that of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. 24333392 1 6 from solutions 369:377 arg1 removal 330:336 the removal 326:336 the removal of congo red (CR) from aqueous solutions 326:377 Fe3O4 nanoparticles were modified with Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) by a facile one-pot homogeneous precipitation method, and were used as a novel nano-adsorbent for the removal of congo red (CR) from aqueous solutions. 24333392 1 7 theme Polyethylene 195:206 arg1 glycol 208:213 Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) 195:226 Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) 195:226 Fe3O4 nanoparticles were modified with Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) by a facile one-pot homogeneous precipitation method, and were used as a novel nano-adsorbent for the removal of congo red (CR) from aqueous solutions. 24333392 2 8 theme excellent 474:482 arg1 efficiency 495:504 excellent adsorption efficiency 474:504 excellent adsorption efficiency for CR 474:511 The polymer-modified composites were characterized by FTIR, TEM, TGA, XRD and VSM, and showed excellent adsorption efficiency for CR. 24333392 4 9 theme regeneration 738:749 arg1 ability 751:757 the good regeneration ability 729:757 the good regeneration ability of the nanocomposites 729:779 Desorption study further indicates the good regeneration ability of the nanocomposites. 24333392 2 10 theme adsorption 484:493 arg1 efficiency 495:504 excellent adsorption efficiency 474:504 excellent adsorption efficiency for CR 474:511 The polymer-modified composites were characterized by FTIR, TEM, TGA, XRD and VSM, and showed excellent adsorption efficiency for CR. 24333392 1 11 theme aqueous 361:367 arg1 solutions 369:377 aqueous solutions 361:377 aqueous solutions 361:377 Fe3O4 nanoparticles were modified with Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) by a facile one-pot homogeneous precipitation method, and were used as a novel nano-adsorbent for the removal of congo red (CR) from aqueous solutions. 24333392 3 12 theme maximum 531:537 arg1 capacity 550:557 the maximum adsorption capacity 527:557 the maximum adsorption capacity calculated according to the Langmuir isotherm model 527:609 The value of the maximum adsorption capacity calculated according to the Langmuir isotherm model were 1.895g/g, which are much high and about 19 times that of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. 24333392 1 13 mod modified 138:145 arg3 method 274:279 a facile one-pot homogeneous precipitation method 231:279 a facile one-pot homogeneous precipitation method 231:279 Fe3O4 nanoparticles were modified with Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) by a facile one-pot homogeneous precipitation method, and were used as a novel nano-adsorbent for the removal of congo red (CR) from aqueous solutions. 24333392 1 13 mod modified 138:145 arg1 nanoparticles 119:131 Fe3O4 nanoparticles 113:131 Fe3O4 nanoparticles 113:131 Fe3O4 nanoparticles were modified with Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) by a facile one-pot homogeneous precipitation method, and were used as a novel nano-adsorbent for the removal of congo red (CR) from aqueous solutions. 24333392 1 13 mod modified 138:145 arg3 HP-β-CD 182:188 HP-β-CD 182:188 HP-β-CD 182:188 Fe3O4 nanoparticles were modified with Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) by a facile one-pot homogeneous precipitation method, and were used as a novel nano-adsorbent for the removal of congo red (CR) from aqueous solutions. 24333392 1 13 mod modified 138:145 arg3 glycol 208:213 Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) 195:226 Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) 195:226 Fe3O4 nanoparticles were modified with Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) by a facile one-pot homogeneous precipitation method, and were used as a novel nano-adsorbent for the removal of congo red (CR) from aqueous solutions. 24333392 1 13 mod modified 138:145 arg3 Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin 152:179 Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin 152:179 Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) 152:189 Fe3O4 nanoparticles were modified with Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) by a facile one-pot homogeneous precipitation method, and were used as a novel nano-adsorbent for the removal of congo red (CR) from aqueous solutions. 24333392 1 13 mod modified 138:145 arg1 nano-adsorbent 307:320 a novel nano-adsorbent 299:320 a novel nano-adsorbent for the removal of congo red (CR) from aqueous solutions 299:377 Fe3O4 nanoparticles were modified with Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) by a facile one-pot homogeneous precipitation method, and were used as a novel nano-adsorbent for the removal of congo red (CR) from aqueous solutions. 24333392 3 14 theme adsorption 539:548 arg1 capacity 550:557 the maximum adsorption capacity 527:557 the maximum adsorption capacity calculated according to the Langmuir isotherm model 527:609 The value of the maximum adsorption capacity calculated according to the Langmuir isotherm model were 1.895g/g, which are much high and about 19 times that of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. 24333392 0 15 theme glycol 49:54 arg1 Use 0:2 Use 0:2 Use 0:2 Use of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin/polyethylene glycol 400, modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles for congo red removal. 24333392 4 16 theme Desorption 694:703 arg1 study 705:709 Desorption study 694:709 Desorption study 694:709 Desorption study further indicates the good regeneration ability of the nanocomposites. 24333392 5 17 from solutions 908:916 arg1 removal 887:893 CR removal 884:893 CR removal from aqueous solutions 884:916 The results suggest that the HP-β-CD/PEG400-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles is a promising adsorbent for CR removal from aqueous solutions, and it is easily recycled owing to its large specific surface area and unique magnetic responsiveness. 24333392 1 18 theme Fe3O4 113:117 arg1 nano-adsorbent 307:320 a novel nano-adsorbent 299:320 a novel nano-adsorbent for the removal of congo red (CR) from aqueous solutions 299:377 Fe3O4 nanoparticles were modified with Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) by a facile one-pot homogeneous precipitation method, and were used as a novel nano-adsorbent for the removal of congo red (CR) from aqueous solutions. 24333392 1 18 theme Fe3O4 113:117 arg1 nanoparticles 119:131 Fe3O4 nanoparticles 113:131 Fe3O4 nanoparticles 113:131 Fe3O4 nanoparticles were modified with Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) by a facile one-pot homogeneous precipitation method, and were used as a novel nano-adsorbent for the removal of congo red (CR) from aqueous solutions. 24333392 0 19 theme hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin/polyethylene 7:47 arg1 glycol 49:54 hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin/polyethylene glycol 400 7:58 hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin/polyethylene glycol 400 7:58 Use of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin/polyethylene glycol 400, modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles for congo red removal. 24333392 3 20 dep times 659:663 arg1 that 665:668 that 665:668 that 665:668 The value of the maximum adsorption capacity calculated according to the Langmuir isotherm model were 1.895g/g, which are much high and about 19 times that of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. 24333392 5 21 theme HP-β-CD/PEG400-modified 811:833 arg1 Fe3O4 835:839 the HP-β-CD/PEG400-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles 807:853 the HP-β-CD/PEG400-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles 807:853 The results suggest that the HP-β-CD/PEG400-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles is a promising adsorbent for CR removal from aqueous solutions, and it is easily recycled owing to its large specific surface area and unique magnetic responsiveness. 24333392 5 21 theme HP-β-CD/PEG400-modified 811:833 arg1 adsorbent 870:878 adsorbent 870:878 adsorbent 870:878 The results suggest that the HP-β-CD/PEG400-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles is a promising adsorbent for CR removal from aqueous solutions, and it is easily recycled owing to its large specific surface area and unique magnetic responsiveness. 24333392 1 22 theme novel 301:305 arg1 nano-adsorbent 307:320 a novel nano-adsorbent 299:320 a novel nano-adsorbent for the removal of congo red (CR) from aqueous solutions 299:377 Fe3O4 nanoparticles were modified with Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) by a facile one-pot homogeneous precipitation method, and were used as a novel nano-adsorbent for the removal of congo red (CR) from aqueous solutions. 24333392 1 22 theme novel 301:305 arg1 nanoparticles 119:131 Fe3O4 nanoparticles 113:131 Fe3O4 nanoparticles 113:131 Fe3O4 nanoparticles were modified with Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) by a facile one-pot homogeneous precipitation method, and were used as a novel nano-adsorbent for the removal of congo red (CR) from aqueous solutions. 24333392 5 23 theme unique 990:995 arg1 responsiveness 1006:1019 unique magnetic responsiveness 990:1019 unique magnetic responsiveness 990:1019 The results suggest that the HP-β-CD/PEG400-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles is a promising adsorbent for CR removal from aqueous solutions, and it is easily recycled owing to its large specific surface area and unique magnetic responsiveness. 24333392 2 24 theme polymer-modified 384:399 arg1 composites 401:410 The polymer-modified composites 380:410 The polymer-modified composites 380:410 The polymer-modified composites were characterized by FTIR, TEM, TGA, XRD and VSM, and showed excellent adsorption efficiency for CR. 24333392 5 25 theme magnetic 997:1004 arg1 responsiveness 1006:1019 unique magnetic responsiveness 990:1019 unique magnetic responsiveness 990:1019 The results suggest that the HP-β-CD/PEG400-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles is a promising adsorbent for CR removal from aqueous solutions, and it is easily recycled owing to its large specific surface area and unique magnetic responsiveness. 24333392 0 26 theme Fe3O4 70:74 arg1 nanoparticles 76:88 Fe3O4 nanoparticles 70:88 Fe3O4 nanoparticles for congo red removal 70:110 Use of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin/polyethylene glycol 400, modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles for congo red removal. 24333392 3 27 theme capacity 550:557 arg1 value 518:522 The value 514:522 The value of the maximum adsorption capacity calculated according to the Langmuir isotherm model 514:609 The value of the maximum adsorption capacity calculated according to the Langmuir isotherm model were 1.895g/g, which are much high and about 19 times that of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. 24333392 3 27 theme capacity 550:557 arg1 1.895g/g 616:623 1.895g/g 616:623 1.895g/g 616:623 The value of the maximum adsorption capacity calculated according to the Langmuir isotherm model were 1.895g/g, which are much high and about 19 times that of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. 24333392 5 28 theme aqueous 900:906 arg1 solutions 908:916 aqueous solutions 900:916 aqueous solutions 900:916 The results suggest that the HP-β-CD/PEG400-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles is a promising adsorbent for CR removal from aqueous solutions, and it is easily recycled owing to its large specific surface area and unique magnetic responsiveness. 24333392 4 29 theme nanocomposites 766:779 arg1 ability 751:757 the good regeneration ability 729:757 the good regeneration ability of the nanocomposites 729:779 Desorption study further indicates the good regeneration ability of the nanocomposites. 24333392 5 30 theme specific 964:971 arg1 area 981:984 its large specific surface area 954:984 its large specific surface area 954:984 The results suggest that the HP-β-CD/PEG400-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles is a promising adsorbent for CR removal from aqueous solutions, and it is easily recycled owing to its large specific surface area and unique magnetic responsiveness. 24333392 3 31 theme isotherm 596:603 arg1 model 605:609 the Langmuir isotherm model 583:609 the Langmuir isotherm model 583:609 The value of the maximum adsorption capacity calculated according to the Langmuir isotherm model were 1.895g/g, which are much high and about 19 times that of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. 24333392 1 32 theme facile 233:238 arg1 method 274:279 a facile one-pot homogeneous precipitation method 231:279 a facile one-pot homogeneous precipitation method 231:279 Fe3O4 nanoparticles were modified with Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) by a facile one-pot homogeneous precipitation method, and were used as a novel nano-adsorbent for the removal of congo red (CR) from aqueous solutions. 24333392 5 33 theme large 958:962 arg1 area 981:984 its large specific surface area 954:984 its large specific surface area 954:984 The results suggest that the HP-β-CD/PEG400-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles is a promising adsorbent for CR removal from aqueous solutions, and it is easily recycled owing to its large specific surface area and unique magnetic responsiveness. 24333392 5 34 theme surface 973:979 arg1 area 981:984 its large specific surface area 954:984 its large specific surface area 954:984 The results suggest that the HP-β-CD/PEG400-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles is a promising adsorbent for CR removal from aqueous solutions, and it is easily recycled owing to its large specific surface area and unique magnetic responsiveness. 24333392 1 35 theme one-pot 240:246 arg1 method 274:279 a facile one-pot homogeneous precipitation method 231:279 a facile one-pot homogeneous precipitation method 231:279 Fe3O4 nanoparticles were modified with Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) by a facile one-pot homogeneous precipitation method, and were used as a novel nano-adsorbent for the removal of congo red (CR) from aqueous solutions. 24333392 1 36 theme homogeneous 248:258 arg1 method 274:279 a facile one-pot homogeneous precipitation method 231:279 a facile one-pot homogeneous precipitation method 231:279 Fe3O4 nanoparticles were modified with Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) by a facile one-pot homogeneous precipitation method, and were used as a novel nano-adsorbent for the removal of congo red (CR) from aqueous solutions. 24333392 3 37 theme Langmuir 587:594 arg1 model 605:609 the Langmuir isotherm model 583:609 the Langmuir isotherm model 583:609 The value of the maximum adsorption capacity calculated according to the Langmuir isotherm model were 1.895g/g, which are much high and about 19 times that of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. 24333392 5 38 theme CR 884:885 arg1 removal 887:893 CR removal 884:893 CR removal from aqueous solutions 884:916 The results suggest that the HP-β-CD/PEG400-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles is a promising adsorbent for CR removal from aqueous solutions, and it is easily recycled owing to its large specific surface area and unique magnetic responsiveness. 24333392 1 39 theme precipitation 260:272 arg1 method 274:279 a facile one-pot homogeneous precipitation method 231:279 a facile one-pot homogeneous precipitation method 231:279 Fe3O4 nanoparticles were modified with Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) by a facile one-pot homogeneous precipitation method, and were used as a novel nano-adsorbent for the removal of congo red (CR) from aqueous solutions. 26775987 2 0 theme flavour 334:340 arg1 retention 342:350 flavour retention 334:350 flavour retention 334:350 The effect of native lipid on flavour retention and the effect of time (one day to one month) on flavour retention and precipitated starch yield was also examined. 26775987 4 1 with mixtures 822:829 arg1 thymol 848:853 thymol 848:853 thymol 848:853 Flavour composition also influenced starch complexation; no flavour complexes were reported with limonene by itself but were observed when added in binary flavour mixtures with menthone or thymol. 26775987 4 1 with mixtures 822:829 arg1 menthone 836:843 menthone 836:843 menthone 836:843 Flavour composition also influenced starch complexation; no flavour complexes were reported with limonene by itself but were observed when added in binary flavour mixtures with menthone or thymol. 26775987 6 2 theme flavour 975:981 arg1 complexes 993:1001 flavour inclusion complexes 975:1001 flavour inclusion complexes with HAMS 975:1011 In summary, flavour inclusion complexes with HAMS exhibited cooperativity-type binding behaviour; with a critical ligand concentration needed for a stable physical association between flavour compounds and HAMS. 26775987 2 3 theme starch 436:441 arg1 yield 443:447 precipitated starch yield 423:447 precipitated starch yield 423:447 The effect of native lipid on flavour retention and the effect of time (one day to one month) on flavour retention and precipitated starch yield was also examined. 26775987 4 4 theme Flavour 659:665 arg1 composition 667:677 Flavour composition 659:677 Flavour composition 659:677 Flavour composition also influenced starch complexation; no flavour complexes were reported with limonene by itself but were observed when added in binary flavour mixtures with menthone or thymol. 26775987 1 5 theme dispersed 253:261 arg1 HAMS 297:300 dispersed native high amylose maize starch (HAMS) 253:301 dispersed native high amylose maize starch (HAMS) 253:301 This study investigated how hydrophobicity, solubility and the concentration of flavour compounds related to inclusion complexation by dispersed native high amylose maize starch (HAMS). 26775987 2 6 from effect 308:313 arg1 retention 409:417 flavour retention 401:417 flavour retention 401:417 The effect of native lipid on flavour retention and the effect of time (one day to one month) on flavour retention and precipitated starch yield was also examined. 26775987 2 6 from effect 308:313 arg1 retention 342:350 flavour retention 334:350 flavour retention 334:350 The effect of native lipid on flavour retention and the effect of time (one day to one month) on flavour retention and precipitated starch yield was also examined. 26775987 2 6 from effect 308:313 arg1 yield 443:447 precipitated starch yield 423:447 precipitated starch yield 423:447 The effect of native lipid on flavour retention and the effect of time (one day to one month) on flavour retention and precipitated starch yield was also examined. 26775987 5 7 theme lipid-free 932:941 arg1 dispersions 950:960 native and lipid-free starch dispersions 921:960 native and lipid-free starch dispersions 921:960 Furthermore, no difference in flavour retention was observed for native and lipid-free starch dispersions. 26775987 4 8 theme flavour 719:725 arg1 complexes 727:735 no flavour complexes 716:735 no flavour complexes 716:735 Flavour composition also influenced starch complexation; no flavour complexes were reported with limonene by itself but were observed when added in binary flavour mixtures with menthone or thymol. 26775987 1 9 theme native 263:268 arg1 HAMS 297:300 dispersed native high amylose maize starch (HAMS) 253:301 dispersed native high amylose maize starch (HAMS) 253:301 This study investigated how hydrophobicity, solubility and the concentration of flavour compounds related to inclusion complexation by dispersed native high amylose maize starch (HAMS). 26775987 5 10 theme starch 943:948 arg1 dispersions 950:960 native and lipid-free starch dispersions 921:960 native and lipid-free starch dispersions 921:960 Furthermore, no difference in flavour retention was observed for native and lipid-free starch dispersions. 26775987 1 11 theme high 270:273 arg1 HAMS 297:300 dispersed native high amylose maize starch (HAMS) 253:301 dispersed native high amylose maize starch (HAMS) 253:301 This study investigated how hydrophobicity, solubility and the concentration of flavour compounds related to inclusion complexation by dispersed native high amylose maize starch (HAMS). 26775987 0 12 theme aqueous 96:102 arg1 system 110:115 an aqueous model system 93:115 an aqueous model system 93:115 Inclusion complexation of flavour compounds by dispersed high-amylose maize starch (HAMS) in an aqueous model system. 26775987 4 13 theme flavour 814:820 arg1 mixtures 822:829 binary flavour mixtures 807:829 binary flavour mixtures with menthone or thymol 807:853 Flavour composition also influenced starch complexation; no flavour complexes were reported with limonene by itself but were observed when added in binary flavour mixtures with menthone or thymol. 26775987 6 14 theme critical 1068:1075 arg1 concentration 1084:1096 a critical ligand concentration 1066:1096 a critical ligand concentration needed for a stable physical association between flavour compounds and HAMS 1066:1172 In summary, flavour inclusion complexes with HAMS exhibited cooperativity-type binding behaviour; with a critical ligand concentration needed for a stable physical association between flavour compounds and HAMS. 26775987 2 15 theme time 370:373 arg1 effect 308:313 The effect 304:313 The effect of native lipid on flavour retention 304:350 The effect of native lipid on flavour retention and the effect of time (one day to one month) on flavour retention and precipitated starch yield was also examined. 26775987 2 15 theme time 370:373 arg1 effect 360:365 the effect 356:365 the effect of time (one day to one month) on flavour retention and precipitated starch yield 356:447 The effect of native lipid on flavour retention and the effect of time (one day to one month) on flavour retention and precipitated starch yield was also examined. 26775987 2 16 theme flavour 401:407 arg1 retention 409:417 flavour retention 401:417 flavour retention 401:417 The effect of native lipid on flavour retention and the effect of time (one day to one month) on flavour retention and precipitated starch yield was also examined. 26775987 4 17 theme binary 807:812 arg1 mixtures 822:829 binary flavour mixtures 807:829 binary flavour mixtures with menthone or thymol 807:853 Flavour composition also influenced starch complexation; no flavour complexes were reported with limonene by itself but were observed when added in binary flavour mixtures with menthone or thymol. 26775987 6 18 theme flavour 1147:1153 arg1 compounds 1155:1163 flavour compounds 1147:1163 flavour compounds 1147:1163 In summary, flavour inclusion complexes with HAMS exhibited cooperativity-type binding behaviour; with a critical ligand concentration needed for a stable physical association between flavour compounds and HAMS. 26775987 6 19 theme ligand 1077:1082 arg1 concentration 1084:1096 a critical ligand concentration 1066:1096 a critical ligand concentration needed for a stable physical association between flavour compounds and HAMS 1066:1172 In summary, flavour inclusion complexes with HAMS exhibited cooperativity-type binding behaviour; with a critical ligand concentration needed for a stable physical association between flavour compounds and HAMS. 26775987 6 20 theme physical 1118:1125 arg1 association 1127:1137 a stable physical association 1109:1137 a stable physical association between flavour compounds and HAMS 1109:1172 In summary, flavour inclusion complexes with HAMS exhibited cooperativity-type binding behaviour; with a critical ligand concentration needed for a stable physical association between flavour compounds and HAMS. 26775987 0 21 theme Inclusion 0:8 arg1 complexation 10:21 Inclusion complexation 0:21 Inclusion complexation of flavour compounds by dispersed high-amylose maize starch (HAMS) in an aqueous model system. 0:116 Inclusion complexation of flavour compounds by dispersed high-amylose maize starch (HAMS) in an aqueous model system. 26775987 1 22 theme amylose 275:281 arg1 HAMS 297:300 dispersed native high amylose maize starch (HAMS) 253:301 dispersed native high amylose maize starch (HAMS) 253:301 This study investigated how hydrophobicity, solubility and the concentration of flavour compounds related to inclusion complexation by dispersed native high amylose maize starch (HAMS). 26775987 0 23 theme flavour 26:32 arg1 compounds 34:42 flavour compounds 26:42 flavour compounds 26:42 Inclusion complexation of flavour compounds by dispersed high-amylose maize starch (HAMS) in an aqueous model system. 26775987 1 24 theme maize 283:287 arg1 HAMS 297:300 dispersed native high amylose maize starch (HAMS) 253:301 dispersed native high amylose maize starch (HAMS) 253:301 This study investigated how hydrophobicity, solubility and the concentration of flavour compounds related to inclusion complexation by dispersed native high amylose maize starch (HAMS). 26775987 3 25 theme flavour 517:523 arg1 concentration 562:574 the flavour concentration 550:574 the flavour concentration in a dose-dependent manner 550:601 Flavour-starch complexation was dependent on the flavour compound hydrophobicity, the flavour concentration in a dose-dependent manner and also influenced by time (increased during storage). 26775987 3 25 theme flavour 517:523 arg1 hydrophobicity 534:547 the flavour compound hydrophobicity 513:547 the flavour compound hydrophobicity 513:547 Flavour-starch complexation was dependent on the flavour compound hydrophobicity, the flavour concentration in a dose-dependent manner and also influenced by time (increased during storage). 26775987 1 26 theme starch 289:294 arg1 HAMS 297:300 dispersed native high amylose maize starch (HAMS) 253:301 dispersed native high amylose maize starch (HAMS) 253:301 This study investigated how hydrophobicity, solubility and the concentration of flavour compounds related to inclusion complexation by dispersed native high amylose maize starch (HAMS). 26775987 0 27 theme model 104:108 arg1 system 110:115 an aqueous model system 93:115 an aqueous model system 93:115 Inclusion complexation of flavour compounds by dispersed high-amylose maize starch (HAMS) in an aqueous model system. 26775987 0 28 from HAMS 84:87 arg1 system 110:115 an aqueous model system 93:115 an aqueous model system 93:115 Inclusion complexation of flavour compounds by dispersed high-amylose maize starch (HAMS) in an aqueous model system. 26775987 3 29 theme compound 525:532 arg1 concentration 562:574 the flavour concentration 550:574 the flavour concentration in a dose-dependent manner 550:601 Flavour-starch complexation was dependent on the flavour compound hydrophobicity, the flavour concentration in a dose-dependent manner and also influenced by time (increased during storage). 26775987 3 29 theme compound 525:532 arg1 hydrophobicity 534:547 the flavour compound hydrophobicity 513:547 the flavour compound hydrophobicity 513:547 Flavour-starch complexation was dependent on the flavour compound hydrophobicity, the flavour concentration in a dose-dependent manner and also influenced by time (increased during storage). 26775987 3 30 from concentration 562:574 arg1 manner 596:601 a dose-dependent manner 579:601 a dose-dependent manner 579:601 Flavour-starch complexation was dependent on the flavour compound hydrophobicity, the flavour concentration in a dose-dependent manner and also influenced by time (increased during storage). 26775987 6 31 theme binding 1042:1048 arg1 behaviour 1050:1058 cooperativity-type binding behaviour; 1023:1059 cooperativity-type binding behaviour; 1023:1059 In summary, flavour inclusion complexes with HAMS exhibited cooperativity-type binding behaviour; with a critical ligand concentration needed for a stable physical association between flavour compounds and HAMS. 26775987 2 32 theme precipitated 423:434 arg1 yield 443:447 precipitated starch yield 423:447 precipitated starch yield 423:447 The effect of native lipid on flavour retention and the effect of time (one day to one month) on flavour retention and precipitated starch yield was also examined. 26775987 5 33 theme flavour 886:892 arg1 retention 894:902 flavour retention 886:902 flavour retention 886:902 Furthermore, no difference in flavour retention was observed for native and lipid-free starch dispersions. 26775987 6 34 theme cooperativity-type 1023:1040 arg1 behaviour 1050:1058 cooperativity-type binding behaviour; 1023:1059 cooperativity-type binding behaviour; 1023:1059 In summary, flavour inclusion complexes with HAMS exhibited cooperativity-type binding behaviour; with a critical ligand concentration needed for a stable physical association between flavour compounds and HAMS. 26775987 6 35 with complexes 993:1001 arg1 HAMS 1008:1011 HAMS 1008:1011 HAMS 1008:1011 In summary, flavour inclusion complexes with HAMS exhibited cooperativity-type binding behaviour; with a critical ligand concentration needed for a stable physical association between flavour compounds and HAMS. 26775987 1 36 theme flavour 198:204 arg1 compounds 206:214 flavour compounds 198:214 flavour compounds 198:214 This study investigated how hydrophobicity, solubility and the concentration of flavour compounds related to inclusion complexation by dispersed native high amylose maize starch (HAMS). 26775987 0 37 theme compounds 34:42 arg1 complexation 10:21 Inclusion complexation 0:21 Inclusion complexation of flavour compounds by dispersed high-amylose maize starch (HAMS) in an aqueous model system. 0:116 Inclusion complexation of flavour compounds by dispersed high-amylose maize starch (HAMS) in an aqueous model system. 26775987 2 38 from effect 360:365 arg1 retention 409:417 flavour retention 401:417 flavour retention 401:417 The effect of native lipid on flavour retention and the effect of time (one day to one month) on flavour retention and precipitated starch yield was also examined. 26775987 2 38 from effect 360:365 arg1 retention 342:350 flavour retention 334:350 flavour retention 334:350 The effect of native lipid on flavour retention and the effect of time (one day to one month) on flavour retention and precipitated starch yield was also examined. 26775987 2 38 from effect 360:365 arg1 yield 443:447 precipitated starch yield 423:447 precipitated starch yield 423:447 The effect of native lipid on flavour retention and the effect of time (one day to one month) on flavour retention and precipitated starch yield was also examined. 26775987 1 39 theme compounds 206:214 arg1 solubility 162:171 solubility 162:171 solubility 162:171 This study investigated how hydrophobicity, solubility and the concentration of flavour compounds related to inclusion complexation by dispersed native high amylose maize starch (HAMS). 26775987 1 39 theme compounds 206:214 arg1 concentration 181:193 the concentration 177:193 the concentration of flavour compounds 177:214 This study investigated how hydrophobicity, solubility and the concentration of flavour compounds related to inclusion complexation by dispersed native high amylose maize starch (HAMS). 26775987 1 39 theme compounds 206:214 arg1 hydrophobicity 146:159 hydrophobicity 146:159 hydrophobicity 146:159 This study investigated how hydrophobicity, solubility and the concentration of flavour compounds related to inclusion complexation by dispersed native high amylose maize starch (HAMS). 26775987 0 40 theme high-amylose 57:68 arg1 HAMS 84:87 dispersed high-amylose maize starch (HAMS) 47:88 dispersed high-amylose maize starch (HAMS) in an aqueous model system 47:115 Inclusion complexation of flavour compounds by dispersed high-amylose maize starch (HAMS) in an aqueous model system. 26775987 2 41 theme lipid 325:329 arg1 effect 308:313 The effect 304:313 The effect of native lipid on flavour retention 304:350 The effect of native lipid on flavour retention and the effect of time (one day to one month) on flavour retention and precipitated starch yield was also examined. 26775987 2 41 theme lipid 325:329 arg1 effect 360:365 the effect 356:365 the effect of time (one day to one month) on flavour retention and precipitated starch yield 356:447 The effect of native lipid on flavour retention and the effect of time (one day to one month) on flavour retention and precipitated starch yield was also examined. 26775987 0 42 theme dispersed 47:55 arg1 HAMS 84:87 dispersed high-amylose maize starch (HAMS) 47:88 dispersed high-amylose maize starch (HAMS) in an aqueous model system 47:115 Inclusion complexation of flavour compounds by dispersed high-amylose maize starch (HAMS) in an aqueous model system. 26775987 3 43 theme flavour 554:560 arg1 concentration 562:574 the flavour concentration 550:574 the flavour concentration in a dose-dependent manner 550:601 Flavour-starch complexation was dependent on the flavour compound hydrophobicity, the flavour concentration in a dose-dependent manner and also influenced by time (increased during storage). 26775987 3 43 theme flavour 554:560 arg1 hydrophobicity 534:547 the flavour compound hydrophobicity 513:547 the flavour compound hydrophobicity 513:547 Flavour-starch complexation was dependent on the flavour compound hydrophobicity, the flavour concentration in a dose-dependent manner and also influenced by time (increased during storage). 26775987 2 44 theme native 318:323 arg1 lipid 325:329 native lipid 318:329 native lipid 318:329 The effect of native lipid on flavour retention and the effect of time (one day to one month) on flavour retention and precipitated starch yield was also examined. 26775987 5 45 from difference 872:881 arg1 retention 894:902 flavour retention 886:902 flavour retention 886:902 Furthermore, no difference in flavour retention was observed for native and lipid-free starch dispersions. 26775987 6 46 theme stable 1111:1116 arg1 association 1127:1137 a stable physical association 1109:1137 a stable physical association between flavour compounds and HAMS 1109:1172 In summary, flavour inclusion complexes with HAMS exhibited cooperativity-type binding behaviour; with a critical ligand concentration needed for a stable physical association between flavour compounds and HAMS. 26775987 5 47 theme native 921:926 arg1 dispersions 950:960 native and lipid-free starch dispersions 921:960 native and lipid-free starch dispersions 921:960 Furthermore, no difference in flavour retention was observed for native and lipid-free starch dispersions. 26775987 4 48 theme starch 695:700 arg1 complexation 702:713 starch complexation 695:713 starch complexation 695:713 Flavour composition also influenced starch complexation; no flavour complexes were reported with limonene by itself but were observed when added in binary flavour mixtures with menthone or thymol. 26775987 0 49 theme starch 76:81 arg1 HAMS 84:87 dispersed high-amylose maize starch (HAMS) 47:88 dispersed high-amylose maize starch (HAMS) in an aqueous model system 47:115 Inclusion complexation of flavour compounds by dispersed high-amylose maize starch (HAMS) in an aqueous model system. 26775987 2 50 dep time 370:373 arg1 day 380:382 one day 376:382 one day to one month 376:395 The effect of native lipid on flavour retention and the effect of time (one day to one month) on flavour retention and precipitated starch yield was also examined. 26775987 3 51 theme Flavour-starch 468:481 arg1 complexation 483:494 Flavour-starch complexation 468:494 Flavour-starch complexation 468:494 Flavour-starch complexation was dependent on the flavour compound hydrophobicity, the flavour concentration in a dose-dependent manner and also influenced by time (increased during storage). 26775987 1 52 theme inclusion 227:235 arg1 complexation 237:248 inclusion complexation 227:248 inclusion complexation by dispersed native high amylose maize starch (HAMS) 227:301 This study investigated how hydrophobicity, solubility and the concentration of flavour compounds related to inclusion complexation by dispersed native high amylose maize starch (HAMS). 26775987 0 53 theme maize 70:74 arg1 HAMS 84:87 dispersed high-amylose maize starch (HAMS) 47:88 dispersed high-amylose maize starch (HAMS) in an aqueous model system 47:115 Inclusion complexation of flavour compounds by dispersed high-amylose maize starch (HAMS) in an aqueous model system. 26775987 3 54 theme dose-dependent 581:594 arg1 manner 596:601 a dose-dependent manner 579:601 a dose-dependent manner 579:601 Flavour-starch complexation was dependent on the flavour compound hydrophobicity, the flavour concentration in a dose-dependent manner and also influenced by time (increased during storage). 26775987 6 55 theme inclusion 983:991 arg1 complexes 993:1001 flavour inclusion complexes 975:1001 flavour inclusion complexes with HAMS 975:1011 In summary, flavour inclusion complexes with HAMS exhibited cooperativity-type binding behaviour; with a critical ligand concentration needed for a stable physical association between flavour compounds and HAMS. 25889055 1 0 theme cauliformis 178:188 arg1 skeleton 143:150 the skeleton 139:150 the skeleton of marine sponge Aplysina cauliformis 139:188 Chitinous scaffolds isolated from the skeleton of marine sponge Aplysina cauliformis were used as a template for the deposition of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS). 25889055 3 1 theme X-ray 553:557 arg1 spectroscopy 573:584 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 553:584 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 553:584 The resulting material was studied using scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravimetry. 25889055 3 2 theme photoelectron 559:571 arg1 spectroscopy 573:584 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 553:584 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 553:584 The resulting material was studied using scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravimetry. 25889055 2 3 theme solvothermal 384:395 arg1 synthesis 397:405 solvothermal synthesis 384:405 solvothermal synthesis (pH 3, temp 80 °C) 384:424 These chitin-POSS based composites with hydrophobic properties were prepared for the first time using solvothermal synthesis (pH 3, temp 80 °C), and were thoroughly characterized. 25889055 2 4 theme based 300:304 arg1 composites 306:315 These chitin-POSS based composites 282:315 These chitin-POSS based composites with hydrophobic properties 282:343 These chitin-POSS based composites with hydrophobic properties were prepared for the first time using solvothermal synthesis (pH 3, temp 80 °C), and were thoroughly characterized. 25889055 2 5 theme temp 414:417 arg1 °C 422:423 temp 80 °C 414:423 temp 80 °C 414:423 These chitin-POSS based composites with hydrophobic properties were prepared for the first time using solvothermal synthesis (pH 3, temp 80 °C), and were thoroughly characterized. 25889055 2 5 theme temp 414:417 arg1 pH 408:409 pH 3 408:411 pH 3 408:411 These chitin-POSS based composites with hydrophobic properties were prepared for the first time using solvothermal synthesis (pH 3, temp 80 °C), and were thoroughly characterized. 25889055 2 6 theme chitin-POSS 288:298 arg1 composites 306:315 These chitin-POSS based composites 282:315 These chitin-POSS based composites with hydrophobic properties 282:343 These chitin-POSS based composites with hydrophobic properties were prepared for the first time using solvothermal synthesis (pH 3, temp 80 °C), and were thoroughly characterized. 25889055 3 7 theme Raman 533:537 arg1 spectroscopy 539:550 Raman spectroscopy 533:550 Raman spectroscopy 533:550 The resulting material was studied using scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravimetry. 25889055 1 8 theme Chitinous 105:113 arg1 scaffolds 115:123 Chitinous scaffolds 105:123 Chitinous scaffolds isolated from the skeleton of marine sponge Aplysina cauliformis 105:188 Chitinous scaffolds isolated from the skeleton of marine sponge Aplysina cauliformis were used as a template for the deposition of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS). 25889055 1 8 theme Chitinous 105:113 arg1 template 205:212 a template 203:212 a template for the deposition of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) 203:279 Chitinous scaffolds isolated from the skeleton of marine sponge Aplysina cauliformis were used as a template for the deposition of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS). 25889055 0 9 theme Solvothermal 0:11 arg1 synthesis 13:21 Solvothermal synthesis 0:21 Solvothermal synthesis of hydrophobic chitin-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) 0:87 Solvothermal synthesis of hydrophobic chitin-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanocomposites. 25889055 0 10 theme hydrophobic 26:36 arg1 POSS 83:86 POSS 83:86 POSS 83:86 Solvothermal synthesis of hydrophobic chitin-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanocomposites. 25889055 0 10 theme hydrophobic 26:36 arg1 silsesquioxane 67:80 hydrophobic chitin-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane 26:80 hydrophobic chitin-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) 26:87 Solvothermal synthesis of hydrophobic chitin-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanocomposites. 25889055 3 11 theme resulting 466:474 arg1 material 476:483 The resulting material 462:483 The resulting material 462:483 The resulting material was studied using scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravimetry. 25889055 2 12 theme hydrophobic 322:332 arg1 properties 334:343 hydrophobic properties 322:343 hydrophobic properties 322:343 These chitin-POSS based composites with hydrophobic properties were prepared for the first time using solvothermal synthesis (pH 3, temp 80 °C), and were thoroughly characterized. 25889055 0 13 theme oligomeric 56:65 arg1 POSS 83:86 POSS 83:86 POSS 83:86 Solvothermal synthesis of hydrophobic chitin-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanocomposites. 25889055 0 13 theme oligomeric 56:65 arg1 silsesquioxane 67:80 hydrophobic chitin-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane 26:80 hydrophobic chitin-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) 26:87 Solvothermal synthesis of hydrophobic chitin-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanocomposites. 25889055 3 14 theme scanning 503:510 arg1 microscopy 521:530 scanning electron microscopy 503:530 scanning electron microscopy 503:530 The resulting material was studied using scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravimetry. 25889055 0 15 theme chitin-polyhedral 38:54 arg1 POSS 83:86 POSS 83:86 POSS 83:86 Solvothermal synthesis of hydrophobic chitin-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanocomposites. 25889055 0 15 theme chitin-polyhedral 38:54 arg1 silsesquioxane 67:80 hydrophobic chitin-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane 26:80 hydrophobic chitin-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) 26:87 Solvothermal synthesis of hydrophobic chitin-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanocomposites. 25889055 4 16 theme solvothermal 676:687 arg1 conditions 689:698 these solvothermal conditions 670:698 these solvothermal conditions 670:698 A mechanism for the chitin-POSS interaction after exposure to these solvothermal conditions is proposed and discussed. 25889055 3 17 theme electron 512:519 arg1 microscopy 521:530 scanning electron microscopy 503:530 scanning electron microscopy 503:530 The resulting material was studied using scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravimetry. 25889055 0 18 theme silsesquioxane 67:80 arg1 synthesis 13:21 Solvothermal synthesis 0:21 Solvothermal synthesis of hydrophobic chitin-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) 0:87 Solvothermal synthesis of hydrophobic chitin-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanocomposites. 25889055 2 19 theme first 367:371 arg1 time 373:376 the first time 363:376 the first time 363:376 These chitin-POSS based composites with hydrophobic properties were prepared for the first time using solvothermal synthesis (pH 3, temp 80 °C), and were thoroughly characterized. 25889055 1 20 attach isolated 125:132 arg2 scaffolds 115:123 Chitinous scaffolds 105:123 Chitinous scaffolds isolated from the skeleton of marine sponge Aplysina cauliformis 105:188 Chitinous scaffolds isolated from the skeleton of marine sponge Aplysina cauliformis were used as a template for the deposition of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS). 25889055 1 20 attach isolated 125:132 arg2 template 205:212 a template 203:212 a template for the deposition of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) 203:279 Chitinous scaffolds isolated from the skeleton of marine sponge Aplysina cauliformis were used as a template for the deposition of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS). 25889055 1 20 attach isolated 125:132 arg1 skeleton 143:150 the skeleton 139:150 the skeleton of marine sponge Aplysina cauliformis 139:188 Chitinous scaffolds isolated from the skeleton of marine sponge Aplysina cauliformis were used as a template for the deposition of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS). 25889055 1 21 theme polyhedral 236:245 arg1 silsesquioxanes 258:272 polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes 236:272 polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) 236:279 Chitinous scaffolds isolated from the skeleton of marine sponge Aplysina cauliformis were used as a template for the deposition of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS). 25889055 1 21 theme polyhedral 236:245 arg1 POSS 275:278 POSS 275:278 POSS 275:278 Chitinous scaffolds isolated from the skeleton of marine sponge Aplysina cauliformis were used as a template for the deposition of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS). 25889055 2 22 dep synthesis 397:405 arg1 °C 422:423 temp 80 °C 414:423 temp 80 °C 414:423 These chitin-POSS based composites with hydrophobic properties were prepared for the first time using solvothermal synthesis (pH 3, temp 80 °C), and were thoroughly characterized. 25889055 2 22 dep synthesis 397:405 arg1 pH 408:409 pH 3 408:411 pH 3 408:411 These chitin-POSS based composites with hydrophobic properties were prepared for the first time using solvothermal synthesis (pH 3, temp 80 °C), and were thoroughly characterized. 25889055 1 23 theme marine 155:160 arg1 cauliformis 178:188 marine sponge Aplysina cauliformis 155:188 marine sponge Aplysina cauliformis 155:188 Chitinous scaffolds isolated from the skeleton of marine sponge Aplysina cauliformis were used as a template for the deposition of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS). 25889055 1 24 theme oligomeric 247:256 arg1 silsesquioxanes 258:272 polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes 236:272 polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) 236:279 Chitinous scaffolds isolated from the skeleton of marine sponge Aplysina cauliformis were used as a template for the deposition of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS). 25889055 1 24 theme oligomeric 247:256 arg1 POSS 275:278 POSS 275:278 POSS 275:278 Chitinous scaffolds isolated from the skeleton of marine sponge Aplysina cauliformis were used as a template for the deposition of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS). 25889055 1 25 theme sponge 162:167 arg1 cauliformis 178:188 marine sponge Aplysina cauliformis 155:188 marine sponge Aplysina cauliformis 155:188 Chitinous scaffolds isolated from the skeleton of marine sponge Aplysina cauliformis were used as a template for the deposition of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS). 25889055 1 26 theme silsesquioxanes 258:272 arg1 deposition 222:231 the deposition 218:231 the deposition of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) 218:279 Chitinous scaffolds isolated from the skeleton of marine sponge Aplysina cauliformis were used as a template for the deposition of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS). 25889055 1 27 used used 195:198 arg2 scaffolds 115:123 Chitinous scaffolds 105:123 Chitinous scaffolds isolated from the skeleton of marine sponge Aplysina cauliformis 105:188 Chitinous scaffolds isolated from the skeleton of marine sponge Aplysina cauliformis were used as a template for the deposition of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS). 25889055 1 27 used used 195:198 arg2 template 205:212 a template 203:212 a template for the deposition of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) 203:279 Chitinous scaffolds isolated from the skeleton of marine sponge Aplysina cauliformis were used as a template for the deposition of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS). 25889055 4 28 theme chitin-POSS 628:638 arg1 interaction 640:650 the chitin-POSS interaction 624:650 the chitin-POSS interaction after exposure to these solvothermal conditions 624:698 A mechanism for the chitin-POSS interaction after exposure to these solvothermal conditions is proposed and discussed. 25889055 1 29 theme Aplysina 169:176 arg1 cauliformis 178:188 marine sponge Aplysina cauliformis 155:188 marine sponge Aplysina cauliformis 155:188 Chitinous scaffolds isolated from the skeleton of marine sponge Aplysina cauliformis were used as a template for the deposition of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS). 25889055 2 30 with composites 306:315 arg1 properties 334:343 hydrophobic properties 322:343 hydrophobic properties 322:343 These chitin-POSS based composites with hydrophobic properties were prepared for the first time using solvothermal synthesis (pH 3, temp 80 °C), and were thoroughly characterized. 28067789 6 0 theme strong 1250:1255 arg1 interaction 1257:1267 this strong interaction 1245:1267 this strong interaction between the octyl and some anionic groups of OC supports 1245:1324 The formation of unfolded protein/polymers composites seems to be responsible for this strong interaction between the octyl and some anionic groups of OC supports. 28067789 7 1 theme support 1427:1433 arg1 capacity 1411:1418 similar loading capacity 1395:1418 similar loading capacity of the support and stability of the immobilized enzyme 1395:1473 The support could be reused five cycles using these conditions with similar loading capacity of the support and stability of the immobilized enzyme. 28067789 0 2 theme Ionic 73:77 arg1 Polymers 79:86 Ionic Polymers 73:86 Ionic Polymers after Thermal Inactivation 73:113 Desorption of Lipases Immobilized on Octyl-Agarose Beads and Coated with Ionic Polymers after Thermal Inactivation. 28067789 3 3 theme 2 467:467 arg1 % 468:468 % 468:468 % 468:468 The enzymes just immobilized on OC supports could be easily released from the support using 2% SDS at pH 7, both intact or after thermal inactivation (in fact, after inactivation most enzyme molecules were already desorbed). 28067789 0 4 theme Thermal 94:100 arg1 Inactivation 102:113 Thermal Inactivation 94:113 Thermal Inactivation 94:113 Desorption of Lipases Immobilized on Octyl-Agarose Beads and Coated with Ionic Polymers after Thermal Inactivation. 28067789 5 5 theme inactivated 1011:1021 arg1 molecules 1030:1038 the thermally inactivated enzyme molecules 997:1038 the thermally inactivated enzyme molecules from the support 997:1055 However, using OC-CALB/RML-PEI-DS, the full release of the immobilized enzyme to reuse the support required more drastic conditions: a pH value of 3, a buffer concentration over 2 M, and temperatures above 45 °C. However, even these conditions were not able to fully release the thermally inactivated enzyme molecules from the support, being necessary to increase the buffer concentration to 4 M sodium phosphate and decrease the pH to 2.5. 28067789 3 6 dep released 435:442 arg1 inactivation 512:523 thermal inactivation 504:523 thermal inactivation (in fact, after inactivation most enzyme molecules were already desorbed) 504:597 The enzymes just immobilized on OC supports could be easily released from the support using 2% SDS at pH 7, both intact or after thermal inactivation (in fact, after inactivation most enzyme molecules were already desorbed). 28067789 3 6 dep released 435:442 arg1 both 483:486 both 483:486 both 483:486 The enzymes just immobilized on OC supports could be easily released from the support using 2% SDS at pH 7, both intact or after thermal inactivation (in fact, after inactivation most enzyme molecules were already desorbed). 28067789 7 7 theme similar 1395:1401 arg1 capacity 1411:1418 similar loading capacity 1395:1418 similar loading capacity of the support and stability of the immobilized enzyme 1395:1473 The support could be reused five cycles using these conditions with similar loading capacity of the support and stability of the immobilized enzyme. 28067789 4 8 theme thermal 670:676 arg1 inactivation 678:689 thermal inactivation 670:689 thermal inactivation 670:689 The coating with PEI and DS greatly reduced the enzyme release during thermal inactivation and improved enzyme stability. 28067789 2 9 from miehei 236:241 arg1 Lipases 177:183 Lipases 177:183 Lipases from Candida antarctica (isoform B) and Rhizomucor miehei (CALB and RML) 177:256 Lipases from Candida antarctica (isoform B) and Rhizomucor miehei (CALB and RML) have been immobilized on octyl-agarose (OC) and further coated with polyethylenimine (PEI) and dextran sulfate (DS). 28067789 5 10 theme buffer 1090:1095 arg1 concentration 1097:1109 the buffer concentration 1086:1109 the buffer concentration to 4 M sodium phosphate 1086:1133 However, using OC-CALB/RML-PEI-DS, the full release of the immobilized enzyme to reuse the support required more drastic conditions: a pH value of 3, a buffer concentration over 2 M, and temperatures above 45 °C. However, even these conditions were not able to fully release the thermally inactivated enzyme molecules from the support, being necessary to increase the buffer concentration to 4 M sodium phosphate and decrease the pH to 2.5. 28067789 5 11 theme full 761:764 arg1 release 766:772 the full release 757:772 the full release of the immobilized enzyme to reuse the support 757:819 However, using OC-CALB/RML-PEI-DS, the full release of the immobilized enzyme to reuse the support required more drastic conditions: a pH value of 3, a buffer concentration over 2 M, and temperatures above 45 °C. However, even these conditions were not able to fully release the thermally inactivated enzyme molecules from the support, being necessary to increase the buffer concentration to 4 M sodium phosphate and decrease the pH to 2.5. 28067789 4 12 with coating 604:610 arg1 DS 625:626 DS 625:626 DS 625:626 The coating with PEI and DS greatly reduced the enzyme release during thermal inactivation and improved enzyme stability. 28067789 4 12 with coating 604:610 arg1 PEI 617:619 PEI 617:619 PEI 617:619 The coating with PEI and DS greatly reduced the enzyme release during thermal inactivation and improved enzyme stability. 28067789 5 13 theme buffer 874:879 arg1 concentration 881:893 a buffer concentration 872:893 a buffer concentration over 2 M 872:902 However, using OC-CALB/RML-PEI-DS, the full release of the immobilized enzyme to reuse the support required more drastic conditions: a pH value of 3, a buffer concentration over 2 M, and temperatures above 45 °C. However, even these conditions were not able to fully release the thermally inactivated enzyme molecules from the support, being necessary to increase the buffer concentration to 4 M sodium phosphate and decrease the pH to 2.5. 28067789 3 14 dep inactivation 512:523 arg1 desorbed 589:596 desorbed 589:596 were already desorbed 576:596 The enzymes just immobilized on OC supports could be easily released from the support using 2% SDS at pH 7, both intact or after thermal inactivation (in fact, after inactivation most enzyme molecules were already desorbed). 28067789 6 15 theme OC 1314:1315 arg1 groups 1304:1309 some anionic groups 1291:1309 some anionic groups 1291:1309 The formation of unfolded protein/polymers composites seems to be responsible for this strong interaction between the octyl and some anionic groups of OC supports. 28067789 6 15 theme OC 1314:1315 arg1 octyl 1281:1285 the octyl 1277:1285 the octyl 1277:1285 The formation of unfolded protein/polymers composites seems to be responsible for this strong interaction between the octyl and some anionic groups of OC supports. 28067789 6 15 theme OC 1314:1315 arg1 OC 1314:1315 OC supports 1314:1324 OC supports 1314:1324 The formation of unfolded protein/polymers composites seems to be responsible for this strong interaction between the octyl and some anionic groups of OC supports. 28067789 2 16 from antarctica 198:207 arg1 Lipases 177:183 Lipases 177:183 Lipases from Candida antarctica (isoform B) and Rhizomucor miehei (CALB and RML) 177:256 Lipases from Candida antarctica (isoform B) and Rhizomucor miehei (CALB and RML) have been immobilized on octyl-agarose (OC) and further coated with polyethylenimine (PEI) and dextran sulfate (DS). 28067789 5 17 from support 1049:1055 arg1 molecules 1030:1038 the thermally inactivated enzyme molecules 997:1038 the thermally inactivated enzyme molecules from the support 997:1055 However, using OC-CALB/RML-PEI-DS, the full release of the immobilized enzyme to reuse the support required more drastic conditions: a pH value of 3, a buffer concentration over 2 M, and temperatures above 45 °C. However, even these conditions were not able to fully release the thermally inactivated enzyme molecules from the support, being necessary to increase the buffer concentration to 4 M sodium phosphate and decrease the pH to 2.5. 28067789 4 18 theme enzyme 648:653 arg1 release 655:661 the enzyme release 644:661 the enzyme release during thermal inactivation 644:689 The coating with PEI and DS greatly reduced the enzyme release during thermal inactivation and improved enzyme stability. 28067789 5 19 theme enzyme 793:798 arg1 release 766:772 the full release 757:772 the full release of the immobilized enzyme to reuse the support 757:819 However, using OC-CALB/RML-PEI-DS, the full release of the immobilized enzyme to reuse the support required more drastic conditions: a pH value of 3, a buffer concentration over 2 M, and temperatures above 45 °C. However, even these conditions were not able to fully release the thermally inactivated enzyme molecules from the support, being necessary to increase the buffer concentration to 4 M sodium phosphate and decrease the pH to 2.5. 28067789 5 20 theme pH 857:858 arg1 value 860:864 a pH value 855:864 a pH value of 3 855:869 However, using OC-CALB/RML-PEI-DS, the full release of the immobilized enzyme to reuse the support required more drastic conditions: a pH value of 3, a buffer concentration over 2 M, and temperatures above 45 °C. However, even these conditions were not able to fully release the thermally inactivated enzyme molecules from the support, being necessary to increase the buffer concentration to 4 M sodium phosphate and decrease the pH to 2.5. 28067789 2 21 theme dextran 353:359 arg1 DS 370:371 DS 370:371 DS 370:371 Lipases from Candida antarctica (isoform B) and Rhizomucor miehei (CALB and RML) have been immobilized on octyl-agarose (OC) and further coated with polyethylenimine (PEI) and dextran sulfate (DS). 28067789 2 21 theme dextran 353:359 arg1 sulfate 361:367 dextran sulfate 353:367 dextran sulfate (DS) 353:372 Lipases from Candida antarctica (isoform B) and Rhizomucor miehei (CALB and RML) have been immobilized on octyl-agarose (OC) and further coated with polyethylenimine (PEI) and dextran sulfate (DS). 28067789 2 22 dep miehei 236:241 arg1 RML 253:255 RML 253:255 RML 253:255 Lipases from Candida antarctica (isoform B) and Rhizomucor miehei (CALB and RML) have been immobilized on octyl-agarose (OC) and further coated with polyethylenimine (PEI) and dextran sulfate (DS). 28067789 2 22 dep miehei 236:241 arg1 CALB 244:247 CALB 244:247 CALB 244:247 Lipases from Candida antarctica (isoform B) and Rhizomucor miehei (CALB and RML) have been immobilized on octyl-agarose (OC) and further coated with polyethylenimine (PEI) and dextran sulfate (DS). 28067789 0 23 theme Lipases 14:20 arg1 Desorption 0:9 Desorption 0:9 Desorption of Lipases 0:20 Desorption of Lipases Immobilized on Octyl-Agarose Beads and Coated with Ionic Polymers after Thermal Inactivation. 28067789 7 24 dep reused 1348:1353 arg1 using 1367:1371 using 1367:1371 using these conditions with similar loading capacity of the support and stability of the immobilized enzyme 1367:1473 The support could be reused five cycles using these conditions with similar loading capacity of the support and stability of the immobilized enzyme. 28067789 6 25 theme composites 1206:1215 arg1 formation 1167:1175 The formation 1163:1175 The formation of unfolded protein/polymers composites 1163:1215 The formation of unfolded protein/polymers composites seems to be responsible for this strong interaction between the octyl and some anionic groups of OC supports. 28067789 6 25 theme composites 1206:1215 arg1 responsible 1229:1239 responsible 1229:1239 responsible 1229:1239 The formation of unfolded protein/polymers composites seems to be responsible for this strong interaction between the octyl and some anionic groups of OC supports. 28067789 7 26 theme loading 1403:1409 arg1 capacity 1411:1418 similar loading capacity 1395:1418 similar loading capacity of the support and stability of the immobilized enzyme 1395:1473 The support could be reused five cycles using these conditions with similar loading capacity of the support and stability of the immobilized enzyme. 28067789 3 27 dep both 483:486 arg1 intact 488:493 intact 488:493 intact 488:493 The enzymes just immobilized on OC supports could be easily released from the support using 2% SDS at pH 7, both intact or after thermal inactivation (in fact, after inactivation most enzyme molecules were already desorbed). 28067789 0 28 theme Octyl-Agarose 37:49 arg1 Beads 51:55 Octyl-Agarose Beads 37:55 Octyl-Agarose Beads 37:55 Desorption of Lipases Immobilized on Octyl-Agarose Beads and Coated with Ionic Polymers after Thermal Inactivation. 28067789 5 29 theme 3 869:869 arg1 value 860:864 a pH value 855:864 a pH value of 3 855:869 However, using OC-CALB/RML-PEI-DS, the full release of the immobilized enzyme to reuse the support required more drastic conditions: a pH value of 3, a buffer concentration over 2 M, and temperatures above 45 °C. However, even these conditions were not able to fully release the thermally inactivated enzyme molecules from the support, being necessary to increase the buffer concentration to 4 M sodium phosphate and decrease the pH to 2.5. 28067789 5 29 theme 3 869:869 arg1 temperatures 909:920 temperatures 909:920 temperatures above 45 °C. 909:933 However, using OC-CALB/RML-PEI-DS, the full release of the immobilized enzyme to reuse the support required more drastic conditions: a pH value of 3, a buffer concentration over 2 M, and temperatures above 45 °C. However, even these conditions were not able to fully release the thermally inactivated enzyme molecules from the support, being necessary to increase the buffer concentration to 4 M sodium phosphate and decrease the pH to 2.5. 28067789 5 29 theme 3 869:869 arg1 concentration 881:893 a buffer concentration 872:893 a buffer concentration over 2 M 872:902 However, using OC-CALB/RML-PEI-DS, the full release of the immobilized enzyme to reuse the support required more drastic conditions: a pH value of 3, a buffer concentration over 2 M, and temperatures above 45 °C. However, even these conditions were not able to fully release the thermally inactivated enzyme molecules from the support, being necessary to increase the buffer concentration to 4 M sodium phosphate and decrease the pH to 2.5. 28067789 5 29 theme 3 869:869 arg1 conditions 843:852 more drastic conditions 830:852 more drastic conditions 830:852 However, using OC-CALB/RML-PEI-DS, the full release of the immobilized enzyme to reuse the support required more drastic conditions: a pH value of 3, a buffer concentration over 2 M, and temperatures above 45 °C. However, even these conditions were not able to fully release the thermally inactivated enzyme molecules from the support, being necessary to increase the buffer concentration to 4 M sodium phosphate and decrease the pH to 2.5. 28067789 6 30 theme protein/polymers 1189:1204 arg1 composites 1206:1215 unfolded protein/polymers composites 1180:1215 unfolded protein/polymers composites 1180:1215 The formation of unfolded protein/polymers composites seems to be responsible for this strong interaction between the octyl and some anionic groups of OC supports. 28067789 5 31 theme enzyme 1023:1028 arg1 molecules 1030:1038 the thermally inactivated enzyme molecules 997:1038 the thermally inactivated enzyme molecules from the support 997:1055 However, using OC-CALB/RML-PEI-DS, the full release of the immobilized enzyme to reuse the support required more drastic conditions: a pH value of 3, a buffer concentration over 2 M, and temperatures above 45 °C. However, even these conditions were not able to fully release the thermally inactivated enzyme molecules from the support, being necessary to increase the buffer concentration to 4 M sodium phosphate and decrease the pH to 2.5. 28067789 6 32 theme unfolded 1180:1187 arg1 composites 1206:1215 unfolded protein/polymers composites 1180:1215 unfolded protein/polymers composites 1180:1215 The formation of unfolded protein/polymers composites seems to be responsible for this strong interaction between the octyl and some anionic groups of OC supports. 28067789 3 33 theme most 554:557 arg1 molecules 566:574 most enzyme molecules 554:574 most enzyme molecules 554:574 The enzymes just immobilized on OC supports could be easily released from the support using 2% SDS at pH 7, both intact or after thermal inactivation (in fact, after inactivation most enzyme molecules were already desorbed). 28067789 5 34 theme drastic 835:841 arg1 conditions 843:852 more drastic conditions 830:852 more drastic conditions 830:852 However, using OC-CALB/RML-PEI-DS, the full release of the immobilized enzyme to reuse the support required more drastic conditions: a pH value of 3, a buffer concentration over 2 M, and temperatures above 45 °C. However, even these conditions were not able to fully release the thermally inactivated enzyme molecules from the support, being necessary to increase the buffer concentration to 4 M sodium phosphate and decrease the pH to 2.5. 28067789 7 35 theme immobilized 1456:1466 arg1 enzyme 1468:1473 the immobilized enzyme 1452:1473 the immobilized enzyme 1452:1473 The support could be reused five cycles using these conditions with similar loading capacity of the support and stability of the immobilized enzyme. 28067789 3 36 theme enzyme 559:564 arg1 molecules 566:574 most enzyme molecules 554:574 most enzyme molecules 554:574 The enzymes just immobilized on OC supports could be easily released from the support using 2% SDS at pH 7, both intact or after thermal inactivation (in fact, after inactivation most enzyme molecules were already desorbed). 28067789 3 37 theme thermal 504:510 arg1 inactivation 512:523 thermal inactivation 504:523 thermal inactivation (in fact, after inactivation most enzyme molecules were already desorbed) 504:597 The enzymes just immobilized on OC supports could be easily released from the support using 2% SDS at pH 7, both intact or after thermal inactivation (in fact, after inactivation most enzyme molecules were already desorbed). 28067789 5 38 dep required 821:828 arg1 able 975:978 able 975:978 able 975:978 However, using OC-CALB/RML-PEI-DS, the full release of the immobilized enzyme to reuse the support required more drastic conditions: a pH value of 3, a buffer concentration over 2 M, and temperatures above 45 °C. However, even these conditions were not able to fully release the thermally inactivated enzyme molecules from the support, being necessary to increase the buffer concentration to 4 M sodium phosphate and decrease the pH to 2.5. 28067789 1 39 theme Stronger 116:123 arg1 Adsorption 125:134 Stronger Adsorption 116:134 Stronger Adsorption of Polymers/Unfolded Protein Composites 116:174 Stronger Adsorption of Polymers/Unfolded Protein Composites. 28067789 7 40 theme enzyme 1468:1473 arg1 support 1427:1433 support 1427:1433 support 1427:1433 The support could be reused five cycles using these conditions with similar loading capacity of the support and stability of the immobilized enzyme. 28067789 7 40 theme enzyme 1468:1473 arg1 stability 1439:1447 stability 1439:1447 stability 1439:1447 The support could be reused five cycles using these conditions with similar loading capacity of the support and stability of the immobilized enzyme. 28067789 2 41 theme Rhizomucor 225:234 arg1 miehei 236:241 Rhizomucor miehei 225:241 Rhizomucor miehei (CALB and RML) 225:256 Lipases from Candida antarctica (isoform B) and Rhizomucor miehei (CALB and RML) have been immobilized on octyl-agarose (OC) and further coated with polyethylenimine (PEI) and dextran sulfate (DS). 28067789 2 42 theme Candida 190:196 arg1 antarctica 198:207 Candida antarctica 190:207 Candida antarctica (isoform B) 190:219 Lipases from Candida antarctica (isoform B) and Rhizomucor miehei (CALB and RML) have been immobilized on octyl-agarose (OC) and further coated with polyethylenimine (PEI) and dextran sulfate (DS). 28067789 2 42 theme Candida 190:196 arg1 B 218:218 isoform B 210:218 isoform B 210:218 Lipases from Candida antarctica (isoform B) and Rhizomucor miehei (CALB and RML) have been immobilized on octyl-agarose (OC) and further coated with polyethylenimine (PEI) and dextran sulfate (DS). 28067789 6 43 dep OC 1314:1315 arg1 supports 1317:1324 supports 1317:1324 supports 1317:1324 The formation of unfolded protein/polymers composites seems to be responsible for this strong interaction between the octyl and some anionic groups of OC supports. 28067789 1 44 theme Protein 157:163 arg1 Composites 165:174 Polymers/Unfolded Protein Composites 139:174 Polymers/Unfolded Protein Composites 139:174 Stronger Adsorption of Polymers/Unfolded Protein Composites. 28067789 7 45 dep support 1427:1433 arg1 the 1423:1425 the 1423:1425 the 1423:1425 The support could be reused five cycles using these conditions with similar loading capacity of the support and stability of the immobilized enzyme. 28067789 4 46 theme enzyme 704:709 arg1 stability 711:719 enzyme stability 704:719 enzyme stability 704:719 The coating with PEI and DS greatly reduced the enzyme release during thermal inactivation and improved enzyme stability. 28067789 1 47 theme Polymers/Unfolded 139:155 arg1 Composites 165:174 Polymers/Unfolded Protein Composites 139:174 Polymers/Unfolded Protein Composites 139:174 Stronger Adsorption of Polymers/Unfolded Protein Composites. 28067789 7 48 theme stability 1439:1447 arg1 capacity 1411:1418 similar loading capacity 1395:1418 similar loading capacity of the support and stability of the immobilized enzyme 1395:1473 The support could be reused five cycles using these conditions with similar loading capacity of the support and stability of the immobilized enzyme. 28067789 2 49 theme isoform 210:216 arg1 antarctica 198:207 Candida antarctica 190:207 Candida antarctica (isoform B) 190:219 Lipases from Candida antarctica (isoform B) and Rhizomucor miehei (CALB and RML) have been immobilized on octyl-agarose (OC) and further coated with polyethylenimine (PEI) and dextran sulfate (DS). 28067789 2 49 theme isoform 210:216 arg1 B 218:218 isoform B 210:218 isoform B 210:218 Lipases from Candida antarctica (isoform B) and Rhizomucor miehei (CALB and RML) have been immobilized on octyl-agarose (OC) and further coated with polyethylenimine (PEI) and dextran sulfate (DS). 28067789 3 50 theme % 468:468 arg1 SDS 470:472 2% SDS 467:472 2% SDS 467:472 The enzymes just immobilized on OC supports could be easily released from the support using 2% SDS at pH 7, both intact or after thermal inactivation (in fact, after inactivation most enzyme molecules were already desorbed). 28067789 5 51 theme immobilized 781:791 arg1 enzyme 793:798 the immobilized enzyme to reuse the support 777:819 the immobilized enzyme to reuse the support 777:819 However, using OC-CALB/RML-PEI-DS, the full release of the immobilized enzyme to reuse the support required more drastic conditions: a pH value of 3, a buffer concentration over 2 M, and temperatures above 45 °C. However, even these conditions were not able to fully release the thermally inactivated enzyme molecules from the support, being necessary to increase the buffer concentration to 4 M sodium phosphate and decrease the pH to 2.5. 28067789 5 52 theme 4 1114:1114 arg1 M 1116:1116 M 1116:1116 M 1116:1116 However, using OC-CALB/RML-PEI-DS, the full release of the immobilized enzyme to reuse the support required more drastic conditions: a pH value of 3, a buffer concentration over 2 M, and temperatures above 45 °C. However, even these conditions were not able to fully release the thermally inactivated enzyme molecules from the support, being necessary to increase the buffer concentration to 4 M sodium phosphate and decrease the pH to 2.5. 28067789 6 53 theme anionic 1296:1302 arg1 groups 1304:1309 some anionic groups 1291:1309 some anionic groups 1291:1309 The formation of unfolded protein/polymers composites seems to be responsible for this strong interaction between the octyl and some anionic groups of OC supports. 28067789 6 53 theme anionic 1296:1302 arg1 OC 1314:1315 OC supports 1314:1324 OC supports 1314:1324 The formation of unfolded protein/polymers composites seems to be responsible for this strong interaction between the octyl and some anionic groups of OC supports. 28067789 1 54 theme Composites 165:174 arg1 Adsorption 125:134 Stronger Adsorption 116:134 Stronger Adsorption of Polymers/Unfolded Protein Composites 116:174 Stronger Adsorption of Polymers/Unfolded Protein Composites. 28067789 5 55 theme sodium 1118:1123 arg1 phosphate 1125:1133 4 M sodium phosphate 1114:1133 4 M sodium phosphate 1114:1133 However, using OC-CALB/RML-PEI-DS, the full release of the immobilized enzyme to reuse the support required more drastic conditions: a pH value of 3, a buffer concentration over 2 M, and temperatures above 45 °C. However, even these conditions were not able to fully release the thermally inactivated enzyme molecules from the support, being necessary to increase the buffer concentration to 4 M sodium phosphate and decrease the pH to 2.5. 28067789 5 56 theme M 1116:1116 arg1 phosphate 1125:1133 4 M sodium phosphate 1114:1133 4 M sodium phosphate 1114:1133 However, using OC-CALB/RML-PEI-DS, the full release of the immobilized enzyme to reuse the support required more drastic conditions: a pH value of 3, a buffer concentration over 2 M, and temperatures above 45 °C. However, even these conditions were not able to fully release the thermally inactivated enzyme molecules from the support, being necessary to increase the buffer concentration to 4 M sodium phosphate and decrease the pH to 2.5. 28962765 0 0 theme cellulose 88:96 arg1 nanocomposites 98:111 templately synthesized polyaniline@cellulose nanocomposites 53:111 templately synthesized polyaniline@cellulose nanocomposites 53:111 In situ doping enables the multifunctionalization of templately synthesized polyaniline@cellulose nanocomposites. 28962765 8 1 theme cellulose-based 1235:1249 arg1 electronics 1251:1261 multifunctional cellulose-based electronics 1219:1261 multifunctional cellulose-based electronics 1219:1261 This simple and sustainable in situ doping method opens up new opportunities for cost-efficient fabrication of multifunctional cellulose-based electronics. 28962765 7 2 theme electric 1029:1036 arg1 field 1038:1042 low voltage electric field 1017:1042 low voltage electric field 1017:1042 Moreover, PANI@BC composite hydrogel exhibited self-motion behavior under low voltage electric field, illustrating potential electromechanical actuator application. 28962765 1 3 theme environmentally 171:185 arg1 materials 196:204 promising environmentally friendly materials 161:204 promising environmentally friendly materials due to their low density, biocompatibility and degradability 161:265 Cellulose aerogels have been widely studied as promising environmentally friendly materials due to their low density, biocompatibility and degradability. 28962765 1 3 theme environmentally 171:185 arg1 aerogels 124:131 Cellulose aerogels 114:131 Cellulose aerogels 114:131 Cellulose aerogels have been widely studied as promising environmentally friendly materials due to their low density, biocompatibility and degradability. 28962765 0 4 theme @ 87:87 arg1 nanocomposites 98:111 templately synthesized polyaniline@cellulose nanocomposites 53:111 templately synthesized polyaniline@cellulose nanocomposites 53:111 In situ doping enables the multifunctionalization of templately synthesized polyaniline@cellulose nanocomposites. 28962765 1 5 theme friendly 187:194 arg1 materials 196:204 promising environmentally friendly materials 161:204 promising environmentally friendly materials due to their low density, biocompatibility and degradability 161:265 Cellulose aerogels have been widely studied as promising environmentally friendly materials due to their low density, biocompatibility and degradability. 28962765 1 5 theme friendly 187:194 arg1 aerogels 124:131 Cellulose aerogels 114:131 Cellulose aerogels 114:131 Cellulose aerogels have been widely studied as promising environmentally friendly materials due to their low density, biocompatibility and degradability. 28962765 8 6 theme simple 1113:1118 arg1 method 1151:1156 This simple and sustainable in situ doping method 1108:1156 This simple and sustainable in situ doping method 1108:1156 This simple and sustainable in situ doping method opens up new opportunities for cost-efficient fabrication of multifunctional cellulose-based electronics. 28962765 6 7 theme composite 845:853 arg1 aerogel 855:861 The resultant composite aerogel 831:861 The resultant composite aerogel 831:861 The resultant composite aerogel presented excellent flame retardancy, which can be self-extinguished within 1s. 28962765 4 8 theme specific 590:597 arg1 area 599:602 a very high specific area 578:602 a very high specific area of 124.0m2/g and well-preserved nanoporous structure 578:655 The PANI decorated BC composite aerogel has a very high specific area of 124.0m2/g and well-preserved nanoporous structure, while its conductivity drastically increased to 10.44S/m. 28962765 0 9 theme nanocomposites 98:111 arg1 multifunctionalization 27:48 the multifunctionalization 23:48 the multifunctionalization of templately synthesized polyaniline@cellulose nanocomposites 23:111 In situ doping enables the multifunctionalization of templately synthesized polyaniline@cellulose nanocomposites. 28962765 6 10 theme resultant 835:843 arg1 aerogel 855:861 The resultant composite aerogel 831:861 The resultant composite aerogel 831:861 The resultant composite aerogel presented excellent flame retardancy, which can be self-extinguished within 1s. 28962765 4 11 theme high 585:588 arg1 area 599:602 a very high specific area 578:602 a very high specific area of 124.0m2/g and well-preserved nanoporous structure 578:655 The PANI decorated BC composite aerogel has a very high specific area of 124.0m2/g and well-preserved nanoporous structure, while its conductivity drastically increased to 10.44S/m. 28962765 8 12 theme sustainable 1124:1134 arg1 method 1151:1156 This simple and sustainable in situ doping method 1108:1156 This simple and sustainable in situ doping method 1108:1156 This simple and sustainable in situ doping method opens up new opportunities for cost-efficient fabrication of multifunctional cellulose-based electronics. 28962765 5 13 theme PANI 771:774 arg1 backbones 776:784 PANI backbones 771:784 PANI backbones due to its unique doping/dedoping structure 771:828 Interestingly, phosphate groups were incorporated onto PANI backbones due to its unique doping/dedoping structure. 28962765 5 14 theme unique 797:802 arg1 structure 820:828 its unique doping/dedoping structure 793:828 its unique doping/dedoping structure 793:828 Interestingly, phosphate groups were incorporated onto PANI backbones due to its unique doping/dedoping structure. 28962765 1 15 theme due 206:208 arg1 materials 196:204 promising environmentally friendly materials 161:204 promising environmentally friendly materials due to their low density, biocompatibility and degradability 161:265 Cellulose aerogels have been widely studied as promising environmentally friendly materials due to their low density, biocompatibility and degradability. 28962765 1 15 theme due 206:208 arg1 aerogels 124:131 Cellulose aerogels 114:131 Cellulose aerogels 114:131 Cellulose aerogels have been widely studied as promising environmentally friendly materials due to their low density, biocompatibility and degradability. 28962765 3 16 theme cellulose 402:410 arg1 aerogel 427:433 polyaniline (PANI) decorated bacterial cellulose (BC) composite aerogel 363:433 polyaniline (PANI) decorated bacterial cellulose (BC) composite aerogel 363:433 In this study, polyaniline (PANI) decorated bacterial cellulose (BC) composite aerogel has been synthesized with in situ polymerization of aniline monomer on the surface of BC scaffold. 28962765 3 17 theme scaffold 524:531 arg1 surface 510:516 the surface 506:516 the surface of BC scaffold 506:531 In this study, polyaniline (PANI) decorated bacterial cellulose (BC) composite aerogel has been synthesized with in situ polymerization of aniline monomer on the surface of BC scaffold. 28962765 0 18 theme In 0:1 arg1 doping 8:13 In situ doping 0:13 In situ doping 0:13 In situ doping enables the multifunctionalization of templately synthesized polyaniline@cellulose nanocomposites. 28962765 4 19 theme composite 556:564 arg1 aerogel 566:572 The PANI decorated BC composite aerogel 534:572 The PANI decorated BC composite aerogel 534:572 The PANI decorated BC composite aerogel has a very high specific area of 124.0m2/g and well-preserved nanoporous structure, while its conductivity drastically increased to 10.44S/m. 28962765 8 20 theme in 1136:1137 arg1 method 1151:1156 This simple and sustainable in situ doping method 1108:1156 This simple and sustainable in situ doping method 1108:1156 This simple and sustainable in situ doping method opens up new opportunities for cost-efficient fabrication of multifunctional cellulose-based electronics. 28962765 7 21 theme BC 958:959 arg1 hydrogel 971:978 PANI@BC composite hydrogel 953:978 PANI@BC composite hydrogel 953:978 Moreover, PANI@BC composite hydrogel exhibited self-motion behavior under low voltage electric field, illustrating potential electromechanical actuator application. 28962765 4 22 contain has 574:576 arg1 aerogel 566:572 The PANI decorated BC composite aerogel 534:572 The PANI decorated BC composite aerogel 534:572 The PANI decorated BC composite aerogel has a very high specific area of 124.0m2/g and well-preserved nanoporous structure, while its conductivity drastically increased to 10.44S/m. 28962765 4 22 contain has 574:576 arg2 area 599:602 a very high specific area 578:602 a very high specific area of 124.0m2/g and well-preserved nanoporous structure 578:655 The PANI decorated BC composite aerogel has a very high specific area of 124.0m2/g and well-preserved nanoporous structure, while its conductivity drastically increased to 10.44S/m. 28962765 3 23 theme decorated 382:390 arg1 aerogel 427:433 polyaniline (PANI) decorated bacterial cellulose (BC) composite aerogel 363:433 polyaniline (PANI) decorated bacterial cellulose (BC) composite aerogel 363:433 In this study, polyaniline (PANI) decorated bacterial cellulose (BC) composite aerogel has been synthesized with in situ polymerization of aniline monomer on the surface of BC scaffold. 28962765 4 24 theme BC 553:554 arg1 aerogel 566:572 The PANI decorated BC composite aerogel 534:572 The PANI decorated BC composite aerogel 534:572 The PANI decorated BC composite aerogel has a very high specific area of 124.0m2/g and well-preserved nanoporous structure, while its conductivity drastically increased to 10.44S/m. 28962765 7 25 theme composite 961:969 arg1 hydrogel 971:978 PANI@BC composite hydrogel 953:978 PANI@BC composite hydrogel 953:978 Moreover, PANI@BC composite hydrogel exhibited self-motion behavior under low voltage electric field, illustrating potential electromechanical actuator application. 28962765 2 26 theme combustible 328:338 arg1 nature 340:345 their highly combustible nature 315:345 their highly combustible nature 315:345 However, their applications are limited due to their highly combustible nature. 28962765 1 27 theme low 219:221 arg1 density 223:229 their low density 213:229 their low density 213:229 Cellulose aerogels have been widely studied as promising environmentally friendly materials due to their low density, biocompatibility and degradability. 28962765 3 28 theme bacterial 392:400 arg1 aerogel 427:433 polyaniline (PANI) decorated bacterial cellulose (BC) composite aerogel 363:433 polyaniline (PANI) decorated bacterial cellulose (BC) composite aerogel 363:433 In this study, polyaniline (PANI) decorated bacterial cellulose (BC) composite aerogel has been synthesized with in situ polymerization of aniline monomer on the surface of BC scaffold. 28962765 8 29 theme electronics 1251:1261 arg1 fabrication 1204:1214 cost-efficient fabrication 1189:1214 cost-efficient fabrication of multifunctional cellulose-based electronics 1189:1261 This simple and sustainable in situ doping method opens up new opportunities for cost-efficient fabrication of multifunctional cellulose-based electronics. 28962765 8 30 theme doping 1144:1149 arg1 method 1151:1156 This simple and sustainable in situ doping method 1108:1156 This simple and sustainable in situ doping method 1108:1156 This simple and sustainable in situ doping method opens up new opportunities for cost-efficient fabrication of multifunctional cellulose-based electronics. 28962765 4 31 theme well-preserved 621:634 arg1 structure 647:655 well-preserved nanoporous structure 621:655 well-preserved nanoporous structure 621:655 The PANI decorated BC composite aerogel has a very high specific area of 124.0m2/g and well-preserved nanoporous structure, while its conductivity drastically increased to 10.44S/m. 28962765 3 32 theme composite 417:425 arg1 aerogel 427:433 polyaniline (PANI) decorated bacterial cellulose (BC) composite aerogel 363:433 polyaniline (PANI) decorated bacterial cellulose (BC) composite aerogel 363:433 In this study, polyaniline (PANI) decorated bacterial cellulose (BC) composite aerogel has been synthesized with in situ polymerization of aniline monomer on the surface of BC scaffold. 28962765 5 33 theme phosphate 731:739 arg1 groups 741:746 phosphate groups 731:746 phosphate groups 731:746 Interestingly, phosphate groups were incorporated onto PANI backbones due to its unique doping/dedoping structure. 28962765 3 34 theme in 461:462 arg1 polymerization 469:482 in situ polymerization 461:482 in situ polymerization of aniline monomer on the surface of BC scaffold 461:531 In this study, polyaniline (PANI) decorated bacterial cellulose (BC) composite aerogel has been synthesized with in situ polymerization of aniline monomer on the surface of BC scaffold. 28962765 5 35 theme doping/dedoping 804:818 arg1 structure 820:828 its unique doping/dedoping structure 793:828 its unique doping/dedoping structure 793:828 Interestingly, phosphate groups were incorporated onto PANI backbones due to its unique doping/dedoping structure. 28962765 8 36 theme multifunctional 1219:1233 arg1 electronics 1251:1261 multifunctional cellulose-based electronics 1219:1261 multifunctional cellulose-based electronics 1219:1261 This simple and sustainable in situ doping method opens up new opportunities for cost-efficient fabrication of multifunctional cellulose-based electronics. 28962765 7 37 theme electromechanical 1068:1084 arg1 application 1095:1105 potential electromechanical actuator application 1058:1105 potential electromechanical actuator application 1058:1105 Moreover, PANI@BC composite hydrogel exhibited self-motion behavior under low voltage electric field, illustrating potential electromechanical actuator application. 28962765 4 38 theme structure 647:655 arg1 area 599:602 a very high specific area 578:602 a very high specific area of 124.0m2/g and well-preserved nanoporous structure 578:655 The PANI decorated BC composite aerogel has a very high specific area of 124.0m2/g and well-preserved nanoporous structure, while its conductivity drastically increased to 10.44S/m. 28962765 3 39 theme BC 413:414 arg1 aerogel 427:433 polyaniline (PANI) decorated bacterial cellulose (BC) composite aerogel 363:433 polyaniline (PANI) decorated bacterial cellulose (BC) composite aerogel 363:433 In this study, polyaniline (PANI) decorated bacterial cellulose (BC) composite aerogel has been synthesized with in situ polymerization of aniline monomer on the surface of BC scaffold. 28962765 5 40 theme due 786:788 arg1 backbones 776:784 PANI backbones 771:784 PANI backbones due to its unique doping/dedoping structure 771:828 Interestingly, phosphate groups were incorporated onto PANI backbones due to its unique doping/dedoping structure. 28962765 7 41 theme actuator 1086:1093 arg1 application 1095:1105 potential electromechanical actuator application 1058:1105 potential electromechanical actuator application 1058:1105 Moreover, PANI@BC composite hydrogel exhibited self-motion behavior under low voltage electric field, illustrating potential electromechanical actuator application. 28962765 7 42 theme self-motion 990:1000 arg1 behavior 1002:1009 self-motion behavior 990:1009 self-motion behavior 990:1009 Moreover, PANI@BC composite hydrogel exhibited self-motion behavior under low voltage electric field, illustrating potential electromechanical actuator application. 28962765 4 43 theme decorated 543:551 arg1 aerogel 566:572 The PANI decorated BC composite aerogel 534:572 The PANI decorated BC composite aerogel 534:572 The PANI decorated BC composite aerogel has a very high specific area of 124.0m2/g and well-preserved nanoporous structure, while its conductivity drastically increased to 10.44S/m. 28962765 8 44 theme new 1167:1169 arg1 opportunities 1171:1183 new opportunities 1167:1183 new opportunities for cost-efficient fabrication of multifunctional cellulose-based electronics 1167:1261 This simple and sustainable in situ doping method opens up new opportunities for cost-efficient fabrication of multifunctional cellulose-based electronics. 28962765 3 45 from polymerization 469:482 arg1 surface 510:516 the surface 506:516 the surface of BC scaffold 506:531 In this study, polyaniline (PANI) decorated bacterial cellulose (BC) composite aerogel has been synthesized with in situ polymerization of aniline monomer on the surface of BC scaffold. 28962765 7 46 theme PANI 953:956 arg1 hydrogel 971:978 PANI@BC composite hydrogel 953:978 PANI@BC composite hydrogel 953:978 Moreover, PANI@BC composite hydrogel exhibited self-motion behavior under low voltage electric field, illustrating potential electromechanical actuator application. 28962765 4 47 theme PANI 538:541 arg1 aerogel 566:572 The PANI decorated BC composite aerogel 534:572 The PANI decorated BC composite aerogel 534:572 The PANI decorated BC composite aerogel has a very high specific area of 124.0m2/g and well-preserved nanoporous structure, while its conductivity drastically increased to 10.44S/m. 28962765 8 48 theme cost-efficient 1189:1202 arg1 fabrication 1204:1214 cost-efficient fabrication 1189:1214 cost-efficient fabrication of multifunctional cellulose-based electronics 1189:1261 This simple and sustainable in situ doping method opens up new opportunities for cost-efficient fabrication of multifunctional cellulose-based electronics. 28962765 6 49 theme flame 883:887 arg1 retardancy 889:898 excellent flame retardancy 873:898 excellent flame retardancy 873:898 The resultant composite aerogel presented excellent flame retardancy, which can be self-extinguished within 1s. 28962765 3 50 dep in 461:462 arg1 situ 464:467 situ 464:467 situ 464:467 In this study, polyaniline (PANI) decorated bacterial cellulose (BC) composite aerogel has been synthesized with in situ polymerization of aniline monomer on the surface of BC scaffold. 28962765 7 51 theme low 1017:1019 arg1 field 1038:1042 low voltage electric field 1017:1042 low voltage electric field 1017:1042 Moreover, PANI@BC composite hydrogel exhibited self-motion behavior under low voltage electric field, illustrating potential electromechanical actuator application. 28962765 3 52 theme aniline 487:493 arg1 monomer 495:501 aniline monomer 487:501 aniline monomer 487:501 In this study, polyaniline (PANI) decorated bacterial cellulose (BC) composite aerogel has been synthesized with in situ polymerization of aniline monomer on the surface of BC scaffold. 28962765 1 53 theme Cellulose 114:122 arg1 materials 196:204 promising environmentally friendly materials 161:204 promising environmentally friendly materials due to their low density, biocompatibility and degradability 161:265 Cellulose aerogels have been widely studied as promising environmentally friendly materials due to their low density, biocompatibility and degradability. 28962765 1 53 theme Cellulose 114:122 arg1 aerogels 124:131 Cellulose aerogels 114:131 Cellulose aerogels 114:131 Cellulose aerogels have been widely studied as promising environmentally friendly materials due to their low density, biocompatibility and degradability. 28962765 8 54 dep in 1136:1137 arg1 situ 1139:1142 situ 1139:1142 situ 1139:1142 This simple and sustainable in situ doping method opens up new opportunities for cost-efficient fabrication of multifunctional cellulose-based electronics. 28962765 7 55 theme potential 1058:1066 arg1 application 1095:1105 potential electromechanical actuator application 1058:1105 potential electromechanical actuator application 1058:1105 Moreover, PANI@BC composite hydrogel exhibited self-motion behavior under low voltage electric field, illustrating potential electromechanical actuator application. 28962765 6 56 theme excellent 873:881 arg1 retardancy 889:898 excellent flame retardancy 873:898 excellent flame retardancy 873:898 The resultant composite aerogel presented excellent flame retardancy, which can be self-extinguished within 1s. 28962765 3 57 theme monomer 495:501 arg1 polymerization 469:482 in situ polymerization 461:482 in situ polymerization of aniline monomer on the surface of BC scaffold 461:531 In this study, polyaniline (PANI) decorated bacterial cellulose (BC) composite aerogel has been synthesized with in situ polymerization of aniline monomer on the surface of BC scaffold. 28962765 0 58 theme polyaniline 76:86 arg1 nanocomposites 98:111 templately synthesized polyaniline@cellulose nanocomposites 53:111 templately synthesized polyaniline@cellulose nanocomposites 53:111 In situ doping enables the multifunctionalization of templately synthesized polyaniline@cellulose nanocomposites. 28962765 4 59 theme nanoporous 636:645 arg1 structure 647:655 well-preserved nanoporous structure 621:655 well-preserved nanoporous structure 621:655 The PANI decorated BC composite aerogel has a very high specific area of 124.0m2/g and well-preserved nanoporous structure, while its conductivity drastically increased to 10.44S/m. 28962765 3 60 theme BC 521:522 arg1 scaffold 524:531 BC scaffold 521:531 BC scaffold 521:531 In this study, polyaniline (PANI) decorated bacterial cellulose (BC) composite aerogel has been synthesized with in situ polymerization of aniline monomer on the surface of BC scaffold. 28962765 7 61 theme @ 957:957 arg1 hydrogel 971:978 PANI@BC composite hydrogel 953:978 PANI@BC composite hydrogel 953:978 Moreover, PANI@BC composite hydrogel exhibited self-motion behavior under low voltage electric field, illustrating potential electromechanical actuator application. 28962765 0 62 theme synthesized 64:74 arg1 nanocomposites 98:111 templately synthesized polyaniline@cellulose nanocomposites 53:111 templately synthesized polyaniline@cellulose nanocomposites 53:111 In situ doping enables the multifunctionalization of templately synthesized polyaniline@cellulose nanocomposites. 28962765 0 63 dep In 0:1 arg1 situ 3:6 situ 3:6 situ 3:6 In situ doping enables the multifunctionalization of templately synthesized polyaniline@cellulose nanocomposites. 28962765 7 64 theme voltage 1021:1027 arg1 field 1038:1042 low voltage electric field 1017:1042 low voltage electric field 1017:1042 Moreover, PANI@BC composite hydrogel exhibited self-motion behavior under low voltage electric field, illustrating potential electromechanical actuator application. 28962765 1 65 theme promising 161:169 arg1 materials 196:204 promising environmentally friendly materials 161:204 promising environmentally friendly materials due to their low density, biocompatibility and degradability 161:265 Cellulose aerogels have been widely studied as promising environmentally friendly materials due to their low density, biocompatibility and degradability. 28962765 1 65 theme promising 161:169 arg1 aerogels 124:131 Cellulose aerogels 114:131 Cellulose aerogels 114:131 Cellulose aerogels have been widely studied as promising environmentally friendly materials due to their low density, biocompatibility and degradability. 28962765 4 66 theme 124.0m2/g 607:615 arg1 area 599:602 a very high specific area 578:602 a very high specific area of 124.0m2/g and well-preserved nanoporous structure 578:655 The PANI decorated BC composite aerogel has a very high specific area of 124.0m2/g and well-preserved nanoporous structure, while its conductivity drastically increased to 10.44S/m. 28671216 0 0 theme cellulose 76:84 arg1 nanocrystals 86:97 cellulose nanocrystals 76:97 cellulose nanocrystals 76:97 Cellulose nanocrystals by acid vapour: towards more effortless isolation of cellulose nanocrystals. 28671216 3 1 theme CNC 665:667 arg1 dispersion 669:678 CNC dispersion 665:678 CNC dispersion 665:678 This study is a fundamental effort to explore very basic means to facilitate CNC dispersion from cotton linter fibres (filter paper), hydrolysed to levelling off degree of polymerization by HCl vapour. 28671216 2 2 theme formidable 566:575 arg1 dispersion 501:510 the dispersion 497:510 the dispersion of CNCs from the already hydrolysed fibre matrix 497:559 Production of CNCs with HCl vapour overcomes many of these difficulties but the dispersion of CNCs from the already hydrolysed fibre matrix is a formidable challenge. 28671216 2 2 theme formidable 566:575 arg1 challenge 577:585 a formidable challenge 564:585 a formidable challenge 564:585 Production of CNCs with HCl vapour overcomes many of these difficulties but the dispersion of CNCs from the already hydrolysed fibre matrix is a formidable challenge. 28671216 4 3 theme crystal 845:851 arg1 surface 853:859 the cellulose crystal surface 831:859 the cellulose crystal surface 831:859 The introduction of carboxylic groups on the cellulose crystal surface proved the most efficient method to alleviate dispersion with good yields (ca. 50%) and a provisional possibility to tune the CNC length. 28671216 3 4 theme HCl 778:780 arg1 vapour 782:787 HCl vapour 778:787 HCl vapour 778:787 This study is a fundamental effort to explore very basic means to facilitate CNC dispersion from cotton linter fibres (filter paper), hydrolysed to levelling off degree of polymerization by HCl vapour. 28671216 5 5 theme hydrolysed 1052:1061 arg1 fibres 1063:1068 untreated hydrolysed fibres 1042:1068 untreated hydrolysed fibres in various organic solvents and aqueous surfactant solutions were unsuccessful 1042:1147 By contrast, attempts to directly disperse untreated hydrolysed fibres in various organic solvents and aqueous surfactant solutions were unsuccessful. 28671216 1 6 theme strong 311:316 arg1 difficult 335:343 difficult 335:343 difficult 335:343 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are topical in materials science but their full potential is yet to be fulfilled because of bottlenecks in the production: the process consumes huge amounts of water, recycling the strong acid catalyst is difficult, and purification steps are cumbersome, particularly with lengthy dialysis. 28671216 1 6 theme strong 311:316 arg1 catalyst 323:330 the strong acid catalyst 307:330 the strong acid catalyst 307:330 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are topical in materials science but their full potential is yet to be fulfilled because of bottlenecks in the production: the process consumes huge amounts of water, recycling the strong acid catalyst is difficult, and purification steps are cumbersome, particularly with lengthy dialysis. 28671216 4 7 theme carboxylic 810:819 arg1 groups 821:826 carboxylic groups 810:826 carboxylic groups on the cellulose crystal surface 810:859 The introduction of carboxylic groups on the cellulose crystal surface proved the most efficient method to alleviate dispersion with good yields (ca. 50%) and a provisional possibility to tune the CNC length. 28671216 1 8 from materials 145:153 arg1 topical 134:140 topical 134:140 topical 134:140 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are topical in materials science but their full potential is yet to be fulfilled because of bottlenecks in the production: the process consumes huge amounts of water, recycling the strong acid catalyst is difficult, and purification steps are cumbersome, particularly with lengthy dialysis. 28671216 4 9 theme groups 821:826 arg1 introduction 794:805 The introduction 790:805 The introduction of carboxylic groups on the cellulose crystal surface 790:859 The introduction of carboxylic groups on the cellulose crystal surface proved the most efficient method to alleviate dispersion with good yields (ca. 50%) and a provisional possibility to tune the CNC length. 28671216 1 10 theme acid 318:321 arg1 difficult 335:343 difficult 335:343 difficult 335:343 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are topical in materials science but their full potential is yet to be fulfilled because of bottlenecks in the production: the process consumes huge amounts of water, recycling the strong acid catalyst is difficult, and purification steps are cumbersome, particularly with lengthy dialysis. 28671216 1 10 theme acid 318:321 arg1 catalyst 323:330 the strong acid catalyst 307:330 the strong acid catalyst 307:330 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are topical in materials science but their full potential is yet to be fulfilled because of bottlenecks in the production: the process consumes huge amounts of water, recycling the strong acid catalyst is difficult, and purification steps are cumbersome, particularly with lengthy dialysis. 28671216 4 11 dep % 942:942 arg1 ca. 936:938 ca. 936:938 ca. 936:938 The introduction of carboxylic groups on the cellulose crystal surface proved the most efficient method to alleviate dispersion with good yields (ca. 50%) and a provisional possibility to tune the CNC length. 28671216 4 12 theme CNC 987:989 arg1 length 991:996 the CNC length 983:996 the CNC length 983:996 The introduction of carboxylic groups on the cellulose crystal surface proved the most efficient method to alleviate dispersion with good yields (ca. 50%) and a provisional possibility to tune the CNC length. 28671216 3 13 theme polymerization 760:773 arg1 degree 750:755 levelling off degree 736:755 levelling off degree of polymerization by HCl vapour 736:787 This study is a fundamental effort to explore very basic means to facilitate CNC dispersion from cotton linter fibres (filter paper), hydrolysed to levelling off degree of polymerization by HCl vapour. 28671216 0 14 theme nanocrystals 86:97 arg1 isolation 63:71 isolation 63:71 isolation of cellulose nanocrystals 63:97 Cellulose nanocrystals by acid vapour: towards more effortless isolation of cellulose nanocrystals. 28671216 3 15 theme cotton 685:690 arg1 fibres 699:704 cotton linter fibres 685:704 cotton linter fibres (filter paper) 685:719 This study is a fundamental effort to explore very basic means to facilitate CNC dispersion from cotton linter fibres (filter paper), hydrolysed to levelling off degree of polymerization by HCl vapour. 28671216 3 15 theme cotton 685:690 arg1 paper 714:718 filter paper 707:718 filter paper 707:718 This study is a fundamental effort to explore very basic means to facilitate CNC dispersion from cotton linter fibres (filter paper), hydrolysed to levelling off degree of polymerization by HCl vapour. 28671216 6 16 theme HCl 1215:1217 arg1 vapour 1219:1224 HCl vapour 1215:1224 HCl vapour 1215:1224 The results showed that hydrolysis of native cellulose fibres by HCl vapour is indeed a viable method for producing CNCs but it has more potential as a pre-treatment step rather than a full-fledged process on its own. 28671216 1 17 from topical 134:140 arg1 materials 145:153 materials science 145:161 materials science 145:161 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are topical in materials science but their full potential is yet to be fulfilled because of bottlenecks in the production: the process consumes huge amounts of water, recycling the strong acid catalyst is difficult, and purification steps are cumbersome, particularly with lengthy dialysis. 28671216 2 18 theme difficulties 480:491 arg1 many 466:469 many 466:469 many 466:469 Production of CNCs with HCl vapour overcomes many of these difficulties but the dispersion of CNCs from the already hydrolysed fibre matrix is a formidable challenge. 28671216 2 18 theme difficulties 480:491 arg1 difficulties 480:491 these difficulties 474:491 these difficulties 474:491 Production of CNCs with HCl vapour overcomes many of these difficulties but the dispersion of CNCs from the already hydrolysed fibre matrix is a formidable challenge. 28671216 3 19 theme linter 692:697 arg1 fibres 699:704 cotton linter fibres 685:704 cotton linter fibres (filter paper) 685:719 This study is a fundamental effort to explore very basic means to facilitate CNC dispersion from cotton linter fibres (filter paper), hydrolysed to levelling off degree of polymerization by HCl vapour. 28671216 3 19 theme linter 692:697 arg1 paper 714:718 filter paper 707:718 filter paper 707:718 This study is a fundamental effort to explore very basic means to facilitate CNC dispersion from cotton linter fibres (filter paper), hydrolysed to levelling off degree of polymerization by HCl vapour. 28671216 6 20 theme full-fledged 1335:1346 arg1 potential 1287:1295 more potential 1282:1295 more potential 1282:1295 The results showed that hydrolysis of native cellulose fibres by HCl vapour is indeed a viable method for producing CNCs but it has more potential as a pre-treatment step rather than a full-fledged process on its own. 28671216 6 20 theme full-fledged 1335:1346 arg1 process 1348:1354 a full-fledged process 1333:1354 a pre-treatment step rather than a full-fledged process on its own 1300:1365 The results showed that hydrolysis of native cellulose fibres by HCl vapour is indeed a viable method for producing CNCs but it has more potential as a pre-treatment step rather than a full-fledged process on its own. 28671216 6 21 theme pre-treatment 1302:1314 arg1 potential 1287:1295 more potential 1282:1295 more potential 1282:1295 The results showed that hydrolysis of native cellulose fibres by HCl vapour is indeed a viable method for producing CNCs but it has more potential as a pre-treatment step rather than a full-fledged process on its own. 28671216 6 21 theme pre-treatment 1302:1314 arg1 step 1316:1319 a pre-treatment step 1300:1319 a pre-treatment step rather than a full-fledged process on its own 1300:1365 The results showed that hydrolysis of native cellulose fibres by HCl vapour is indeed a viable method for producing CNCs but it has more potential as a pre-treatment step rather than a full-fledged process on its own. 28671216 5 22 from fibres 1063:1068 arg1 solvents 1089:1096 various organic solvents 1073:1096 various organic solvents 1073:1096 By contrast, attempts to directly disperse untreated hydrolysed fibres in various organic solvents and aqueous surfactant solutions were unsuccessful. 28671216 5 22 from fibres 1063:1068 arg1 solutions 1121:1129 aqueous surfactant solutions 1102:1129 aqueous surfactant solutions 1102:1129 By contrast, attempts to directly disperse untreated hydrolysed fibres in various organic solvents and aqueous surfactant solutions were unsuccessful. 28671216 6 23 contain has 1278:1280 arg2 step 1316:1319 a pre-treatment step 1300:1319 a pre-treatment step rather than a full-fledged process on its own 1300:1365 The results showed that hydrolysis of native cellulose fibres by HCl vapour is indeed a viable method for producing CNCs but it has more potential as a pre-treatment step rather than a full-fledged process on its own. 28671216 6 23 contain has 1278:1280 arg2 potential 1287:1295 more potential 1282:1295 more potential 1282:1295 The results showed that hydrolysis of native cellulose fibres by HCl vapour is indeed a viable method for producing CNCs but it has more potential as a pre-treatment step rather than a full-fledged process on its own. 28671216 6 23 contain has 1278:1280 arg2 process 1348:1354 a full-fledged process 1333:1354 a pre-treatment step rather than a full-fledged process on its own 1300:1365 The results showed that hydrolysis of native cellulose fibres by HCl vapour is indeed a viable method for producing CNCs but it has more potential as a pre-treatment step rather than a full-fledged process on its own. 28671216 6 23 contain has 1278:1280 arg1 it 1275:1276 it 1275:1276 it 1275:1276 The results showed that hydrolysis of native cellulose fibres by HCl vapour is indeed a viable method for producing CNCs but it has more potential as a pre-treatment step rather than a full-fledged process on its own. 28671216 4 24 from introduction 794:805 arg1 surface 853:859 the cellulose crystal surface 831:859 the cellulose crystal surface 831:859 The introduction of carboxylic groups on the cellulose crystal surface proved the most efficient method to alleviate dispersion with good yields (ca. 50%) and a provisional possibility to tune the CNC length. 28671216 4 25 theme provisional 951:961 arg1 possibility 963:973 a provisional possibility 949:973 a provisional possibility to tune the CNC length 949:996 The introduction of carboxylic groups on the cellulose crystal surface proved the most efficient method to alleviate dispersion with good yields (ca. 50%) and a provisional possibility to tune the CNC length. 28671216 6 26 theme cellulose 1195:1203 arg1 fibres 1205:1210 native cellulose fibres 1188:1210 native cellulose fibres 1188:1210 The results showed that hydrolysis of native cellulose fibres by HCl vapour is indeed a viable method for producing CNCs but it has more potential as a pre-treatment step rather than a full-fledged process on its own. 28671216 5 27 theme aqueous 1102:1108 arg1 solutions 1121:1129 aqueous surfactant solutions 1102:1129 aqueous surfactant solutions 1102:1129 By contrast, attempts to directly disperse untreated hydrolysed fibres in various organic solvents and aqueous surfactant solutions were unsuccessful. 28671216 1 28 dep materials 145:153 arg1 science 155:161 science 155:161 science 155:161 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are topical in materials science but their full potential is yet to be fulfilled because of bottlenecks in the production: the process consumes huge amounts of water, recycling the strong acid catalyst is difficult, and purification steps are cumbersome, particularly with lengthy dialysis. 28671216 1 29 from bottlenecks 222:232 arg1 production 241:250 the production 237:250 the production 237:250 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are topical in materials science but their full potential is yet to be fulfilled because of bottlenecks in the production: the process consumes huge amounts of water, recycling the strong acid catalyst is difficult, and purification steps are cumbersome, particularly with lengthy dialysis. 28671216 1 30 theme full 173:176 arg1 potential 178:186 their full potential 167:186 their full potential 167:186 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are topical in materials science but their full potential is yet to be fulfilled because of bottlenecks in the production: the process consumes huge amounts of water, recycling the strong acid catalyst is difficult, and purification steps are cumbersome, particularly with lengthy dialysis. 28671216 0 31 theme Cellulose 0:8 arg1 nanocrystals 10:21 Cellulose nanocrystals 0:21 Cellulose nanocrystals by acid vapour: towards more 0:50 Cellulose nanocrystals by acid vapour: towards more effortless isolation of cellulose nanocrystals. 28671216 3 32 theme filter 707:712 arg1 fibres 699:704 cotton linter fibres 685:704 cotton linter fibres (filter paper) 685:719 This study is a fundamental effort to explore very basic means to facilitate CNC dispersion from cotton linter fibres (filter paper), hydrolysed to levelling off degree of polymerization by HCl vapour. 28671216 3 32 theme filter 707:712 arg1 paper 714:718 filter paper 707:718 filter paper 707:718 This study is a fundamental effort to explore very basic means to facilitate CNC dispersion from cotton linter fibres (filter paper), hydrolysed to levelling off degree of polymerization by HCl vapour. 28671216 6 33 theme native 1188:1193 arg1 fibres 1205:1210 native cellulose fibres 1188:1210 native cellulose fibres 1188:1210 The results showed that hydrolysis of native cellulose fibres by HCl vapour is indeed a viable method for producing CNCs but it has more potential as a pre-treatment step rather than a full-fledged process on its own. 28671216 0 34 theme acid 26:29 arg1 vapour 31:36 acid vapour 26:36 acid vapour 26:36 Cellulose nanocrystals by acid vapour: towards more effortless isolation of cellulose nanocrystals. 28671216 2 35 from matrix 554:559 arg1 CNCs 515:518 CNCs 515:518 CNCs from the already hydrolysed fibre matrix 515:559 Production of CNCs with HCl vapour overcomes many of these difficulties but the dispersion of CNCs from the already hydrolysed fibre matrix is a formidable challenge. 28671216 2 35 from matrix 554:559 arg1 dispersion 501:510 the dispersion 497:510 the dispersion of CNCs from the already hydrolysed fibre matrix 497:559 Production of CNCs with HCl vapour overcomes many of these difficulties but the dispersion of CNCs from the already hydrolysed fibre matrix is a formidable challenge. 28671216 2 35 from matrix 554:559 arg1 challenge 577:585 a formidable challenge 564:585 a formidable challenge 564:585 Production of CNCs with HCl vapour overcomes many of these difficulties but the dispersion of CNCs from the already hydrolysed fibre matrix is a formidable challenge. 28671216 1 36 theme Cellulose 100:108 arg1 CNCs 124:127 CNCs 124:127 CNCs 124:127 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are topical in materials science but their full potential is yet to be fulfilled because of bottlenecks in the production: the process consumes huge amounts of water, recycling the strong acid catalyst is difficult, and purification steps are cumbersome, particularly with lengthy dialysis. 28671216 1 36 theme Cellulose 100:108 arg1 nanocrystals 110:121 Cellulose nanocrystals 100:121 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 100:128 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are topical in materials science but their full potential is yet to be fulfilled because of bottlenecks in the production: the process consumes huge amounts of water, recycling the strong acid catalyst is difficult, and purification steps are cumbersome, particularly with lengthy dialysis. 28671216 1 37 theme lengthy 403:409 arg1 dialysis 411:418 lengthy dialysis 403:418 lengthy dialysis 403:418 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are topical in materials science but their full potential is yet to be fulfilled because of bottlenecks in the production: the process consumes huge amounts of water, recycling the strong acid catalyst is difficult, and purification steps are cumbersome, particularly with lengthy dialysis. 28671216 2 38 theme CNCs 515:518 arg1 dispersion 501:510 the dispersion 497:510 the dispersion of CNCs from the already hydrolysed fibre matrix 497:559 Production of CNCs with HCl vapour overcomes many of these difficulties but the dispersion of CNCs from the already hydrolysed fibre matrix is a formidable challenge. 28671216 2 38 theme CNCs 515:518 arg1 challenge 577:585 a formidable challenge 564:585 a formidable challenge 564:585 Production of CNCs with HCl vapour overcomes many of these difficulties but the dispersion of CNCs from the already hydrolysed fibre matrix is a formidable challenge. 28671216 3 39 theme fundamental 604:614 arg1 effort 616:621 a fundamental effort to explore very basic means to facilitate CNC dispersion from cotton linter fibres (filter paper), hydrolysed to levelling off degree of polymerization by HCl vapour 602:787 a fundamental effort to explore very basic means to facilitate CNC dispersion from cotton linter fibres (filter paper), hydrolysed to levelling off degree of polymerization by HCl vapour 602:787 This study is a fundamental effort to explore very basic means to facilitate CNC dispersion from cotton linter fibres (filter paper), hydrolysed to levelling off degree of polymerization by HCl vapour. 28671216 3 39 theme fundamental 604:614 arg1 study 593:597 This study 588:597 This study 588:597 This study is a fundamental effort to explore very basic means to facilitate CNC dispersion from cotton linter fibres (filter paper), hydrolysed to levelling off degree of polymerization by HCl vapour. 28671216 2 40 theme HCl 445:447 arg1 vapour 449:454 HCl vapour 445:454 HCl vapour 445:454 Production of CNCs with HCl vapour overcomes many of these difficulties but the dispersion of CNCs from the already hydrolysed fibre matrix is a formidable challenge. 28671216 1 41 theme huge 274:277 arg1 water 290:294 water 290:294 water 290:294 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are topical in materials science but their full potential is yet to be fulfilled because of bottlenecks in the production: the process consumes huge amounts of water, recycling the strong acid catalyst is difficult, and purification steps are cumbersome, particularly with lengthy dialysis. 28671216 1 41 theme huge 274:277 arg1 amounts 279:285 huge amounts 274:285 huge amounts of water 274:294 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are topical in materials science but their full potential is yet to be fulfilled because of bottlenecks in the production: the process consumes huge amounts of water, recycling the strong acid catalyst is difficult, and purification steps are cumbersome, particularly with lengthy dialysis. 28671216 1 42 theme purification 350:361 arg1 steps 363:367 purification steps 350:367 purification steps 350:367 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are topical in materials science but their full potential is yet to be fulfilled because of bottlenecks in the production: the process consumes huge amounts of water, recycling the strong acid catalyst is difficult, and purification steps are cumbersome, particularly with lengthy dialysis. 28671216 6 43 theme fibres 1205:1210 arg1 method 1245:1250 a viable method 1236:1250 a viable method for producing CNCs 1236:1269 The results showed that hydrolysis of native cellulose fibres by HCl vapour is indeed a viable method for producing CNCs but it has more potential as a pre-treatment step rather than a full-fledged process on its own. 28671216 6 43 theme fibres 1205:1210 arg1 hydrolysis 1174:1183 hydrolysis 1174:1183 hydrolysis of native cellulose fibres by HCl vapour 1174:1224 The results showed that hydrolysis of native cellulose fibres by HCl vapour is indeed a viable method for producing CNCs but it has more potential as a pre-treatment step rather than a full-fledged process on its own. 28671216 5 44 theme various 1073:1079 arg1 solvents 1089:1096 various organic solvents 1073:1096 various organic solvents 1073:1096 By contrast, attempts to directly disperse untreated hydrolysed fibres in various organic solvents and aqueous surfactant solutions were unsuccessful. 28671216 4 45 theme efficient 877:885 arg1 method 887:892 the most efficient method 868:892 the most efficient method to alleviate dispersion with good yields (ca. 50%) and a provisional possibility to tune the CNC length 868:996 The introduction of carboxylic groups on the cellulose crystal surface proved the most efficient method to alleviate dispersion with good yields (ca. 50%) and a provisional possibility to tune the CNC length. 28671216 2 46 theme CNCs 435:438 arg1 Production 421:430 Production 421:430 Production of CNCs with HCl vapour 421:454 Production of CNCs with HCl vapour overcomes many of these difficulties but the dispersion of CNCs from the already hydrolysed fibre matrix is a formidable challenge. 28671216 5 47 theme organic 1081:1087 arg1 solvents 1089:1096 various organic solvents 1073:1096 various organic solvents 1073:1096 By contrast, attempts to directly disperse untreated hydrolysed fibres in various organic solvents and aqueous surfactant solutions were unsuccessful. 28671216 2 48 theme fibre 548:552 arg1 matrix 554:559 the already hydrolysed fibre matrix 525:559 the already hydrolysed fibre matrix 525:559 Production of CNCs with HCl vapour overcomes many of these difficulties but the dispersion of CNCs from the already hydrolysed fibre matrix is a formidable challenge. 28671216 5 49 theme surfactant 1110:1119 arg1 solutions 1121:1129 aqueous surfactant solutions 1102:1129 aqueous surfactant solutions 1102:1129 By contrast, attempts to directly disperse untreated hydrolysed fibres in various organic solvents and aqueous surfactant solutions were unsuccessful. 28671216 4 50 from groups 821:826 arg1 surface 853:859 the cellulose crystal surface 831:859 the cellulose crystal surface 831:859 The introduction of carboxylic groups on the cellulose crystal surface proved the most efficient method to alleviate dispersion with good yields (ca. 50%) and a provisional possibility to tune the CNC length. 28671216 1 51 theme water 290:294 arg1 water 290:294 water 290:294 water 290:294 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are topical in materials science but their full potential is yet to be fulfilled because of bottlenecks in the production: the process consumes huge amounts of water, recycling the strong acid catalyst is difficult, and purification steps are cumbersome, particularly with lengthy dialysis. 28671216 1 51 theme water 290:294 arg1 amounts 279:285 huge amounts 274:285 huge amounts of water 274:294 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are topical in materials science but their full potential is yet to be fulfilled because of bottlenecks in the production: the process consumes huge amounts of water, recycling the strong acid catalyst is difficult, and purification steps are cumbersome, particularly with lengthy dialysis. 28671216 2 52 theme hydrolysed 537:546 arg1 matrix 554:559 the already hydrolysed fibre matrix 525:559 the already hydrolysed fibre matrix 525:559 Production of CNCs with HCl vapour overcomes many of these difficulties but the dispersion of CNCs from the already hydrolysed fibre matrix is a formidable challenge. 28671216 4 53 from surface 853:859 arg1 introduction 794:805 The introduction 790:805 The introduction of carboxylic groups on the cellulose crystal surface 790:859 The introduction of carboxylic groups on the cellulose crystal surface proved the most efficient method to alleviate dispersion with good yields (ca. 50%) and a provisional possibility to tune the CNC length. 28671216 2 54 with Production 421:430 arg1 vapour 449:454 HCl vapour 445:454 HCl vapour 445:454 Production of CNCs with HCl vapour overcomes many of these difficulties but the dispersion of CNCs from the already hydrolysed fibre matrix is a formidable challenge. 28671216 6 55 theme viable 1238:1243 arg1 method 1245:1250 a viable method 1236:1250 a viable method for producing CNCs 1236:1269 The results showed that hydrolysis of native cellulose fibres by HCl vapour is indeed a viable method for producing CNCs but it has more potential as a pre-treatment step rather than a full-fledged process on its own. 28671216 6 55 theme viable 1238:1243 arg1 hydrolysis 1174:1183 hydrolysis 1174:1183 hydrolysis of native cellulose fibres by HCl vapour 1174:1224 The results showed that hydrolysis of native cellulose fibres by HCl vapour is indeed a viable method for producing CNCs but it has more potential as a pre-treatment step rather than a full-fledged process on its own. 28671216 3 56 theme basic 639:643 arg1 means 645:649 very basic means 634:649 very basic means to facilitate CNC dispersion from cotton linter fibres (filter paper), hydrolysed to levelling off degree of polymerization by HCl vapour 634:787 This study is a fundamental effort to explore very basic means to facilitate CNC dispersion from cotton linter fibres (filter paper), hydrolysed to levelling off degree of polymerization by HCl vapour. 28671216 6 57 from process 1348:1354 arg1 own 1363:1365 own 1363:1365 own 1363:1365 The results showed that hydrolysis of native cellulose fibres by HCl vapour is indeed a viable method for producing CNCs but it has more potential as a pre-treatment step rather than a full-fledged process on its own. 28671216 2 58 from dispersion 501:510 arg1 matrix 554:559 the already hydrolysed fibre matrix 525:559 the already hydrolysed fibre matrix 525:559 Production of CNCs with HCl vapour overcomes many of these difficulties but the dispersion of CNCs from the already hydrolysed fibre matrix is a formidable challenge. 28671216 4 59 theme cellulose 835:843 arg1 surface 853:859 the cellulose crystal surface 831:859 the cellulose crystal surface 831:859 The introduction of carboxylic groups on the cellulose crystal surface proved the most efficient method to alleviate dispersion with good yields (ca. 50%) and a provisional possibility to tune the CNC length. 28671216 3 60 theme levelling 736:744 arg1 degree 750:755 levelling off degree 736:755 levelling off degree of polymerization by HCl vapour 736:787 This study is a fundamental effort to explore very basic means to facilitate CNC dispersion from cotton linter fibres (filter paper), hydrolysed to levelling off degree of polymerization by HCl vapour. 28671216 4 61 theme good 923:926 arg1 yields 928:933 good yields 923:933 good yields (ca. 50%) 923:943 The introduction of carboxylic groups on the cellulose crystal surface proved the most efficient method to alleviate dispersion with good yields (ca. 50%) and a provisional possibility to tune the CNC length. 28671216 4 61 theme good 923:926 arg1 % 942:942 50% 940:942 50% 940:942 The introduction of carboxylic groups on the cellulose crystal surface proved the most efficient method to alleviate dispersion with good yields (ca. 50%) and a provisional possibility to tune the CNC length. 28671216 5 62 theme untreated 1042:1050 arg1 fibres 1063:1068 untreated hydrolysed fibres 1042:1068 untreated hydrolysed fibres in various organic solvents and aqueous surfactant solutions were unsuccessful 1042:1147 By contrast, attempts to directly disperse untreated hydrolysed fibres in various organic solvents and aqueous surfactant solutions were unsuccessful. 27185134 5 0 dep control 1268:1274 arg1 diets 1286:1290 diets 1286:1290 diets 1286:1290 Whilst the addition of gastric mucin (20mg/mL) to control and mango diets altered the rheology to match the gastric digesta rheology, the effect of mucin on the pectin-containing diet was negligible. 27185134 4 1 theme significant 1009:1019 arg1 differences 1033:1043 significant rheological differences 1009:1043 significant rheological differences 1009:1043 Although significant rheological differences were observed between the hydrated diets, rheological parameters for gastric digesta were similar for all diets, indicative of a rheological homeostasis in the pig stomach. 27185134 1 2 theme rheological 256:266 arg1 properties 268:277 the structural and rheological properties 237:277 the structural and rheological properties of gastric contents 237:297 Hydrated polysaccharides and their assemblies are known to modulate gastric emptying rate due to their capacity to change the structural and rheological properties of gastric contents (digesta). 27185134 3 3 theme non-Cox-Merz 971:982 arg1 viscosity 955:963 steady shear viscosity 942:963 steady shear viscosity (i.e. non-Cox-Merz superposition) 942:997 All of the hydrated diets and gastric digesta were particle-dominated suspensions, generally showing weak gel or more solid-like behavior with the storage modulus (G') always greater than loss modulus (G") under small deformation oscillatory measurements, and with small deformation viscosity greater than steady shear viscosity (i.e. non-Cox-Merz superposition). 27185134 3 3 theme non-Cox-Merz 971:982 arg1 superposition 984:996 i.e. non-Cox-Merz superposition 966:996 i.e. non-Cox-Merz superposition 966:996 All of the hydrated diets and gastric digesta were particle-dominated suspensions, generally showing weak gel or more solid-like behavior with the storage modulus (G') always greater than loss modulus (G") under small deformation oscillatory measurements, and with small deformation viscosity greater than steady shear viscosity (i.e. non-Cox-Merz superposition). 27185134 2 4 from pigs 419:422 arg1 properties 384:393 the rheological and microstructural properties 348:393 the rheological and microstructural properties of gastric digesta from pigs fed with diets incorporating mango powder or pectin 348:474 In the present study, we investigated the rheological and microstructural properties of gastric digesta from pigs fed with diets incorporating mango powder or pectin, and compared results with those from hydrated diets of the same water content, in order to investigate the origins for rheological changes in the pig stomach. 27185134 2 4 from pigs 419:422 arg1 digesta 406:412 gastric digesta 398:412 gastric digesta from pigs fed with diets incorporating mango powder or pectin 398:474 In the present study, we investigated the rheological and microstructural properties of gastric digesta from pigs fed with diets incorporating mango powder or pectin, and compared results with those from hydrated diets of the same water content, in order to investigate the origins for rheological changes in the pig stomach. 27185134 1 5 theme Hydrated 115:122 arg1 polysaccharides 124:138 Hydrated polysaccharides 115:138 Hydrated polysaccharides 115:138 Hydrated polysaccharides and their assemblies are known to modulate gastric emptying rate due to their capacity to change the structural and rheological properties of gastric contents (digesta). 27185134 6 6 theme amylase 1481:1487 arg1 action 1465:1470 the action 1461:1470 the action of alpha amylase 1461:1487 The viscous effect of pectin also hindered the action of alpha amylase as observed from relatively less damaged starch granules in pectin digesta compared to mango and control digesta. 27185134 1 7 theme gastric 183:189 arg1 emptying 191:198 gastric emptying 183:198 gastric emptying rate due to their capacity to change the structural and rheological properties of gastric contents (digesta) 183:307 Hydrated polysaccharides and their assemblies are known to modulate gastric emptying rate due to their capacity to change the structural and rheological properties of gastric contents (digesta). 27185134 2 8 theme rheological 596:606 arg1 changes 608:614 rheological changes 596:614 rheological changes in the pig stomach 596:633 In the present study, we investigated the rheological and microstructural properties of gastric digesta from pigs fed with diets incorporating mango powder or pectin, and compared results with those from hydrated diets of the same water content, in order to investigate the origins for rheological changes in the pig stomach. 27185134 7 9 theme content 1721:1727 arg1 diets 1697:1701 hydrated diets 1688:1701 hydrated diets of the same water content 1688:1727 Based on the experimental findings that the rheology of gastric digesta differs from hydrated diets of the same water content, the current study revealed composition-dependent complex behavior of gastric digesta in vivo, suggesting that the rheology of food products or ingredients may not necessarily reflect the rheological effect when ingested. 27185134 3 10 theme weak 737:740 arg1 gel 742:744 weak gel 737:744 weak gel 737:744 All of the hydrated diets and gastric digesta were particle-dominated suspensions, generally showing weak gel or more solid-like behavior with the storage modulus (G') always greater than loss modulus (G") under small deformation oscillatory measurements, and with small deformation viscosity greater than steady shear viscosity (i.e. non-Cox-Merz superposition). 27185134 5 11 theme mucin 1366:1370 arg1 effect 1356:1361 the effect 1352:1361 the effect of mucin on the pectin-containing diet 1352:1400 Whilst the addition of gastric mucin (20mg/mL) to control and mango diets altered the rheology to match the gastric digesta rheology, the effect of mucin on the pectin-containing diet was negligible. 27185134 5 11 theme mucin 1366:1370 arg1 negligible 1406:1415 negligible 1406:1415 negligible 1406:1415 Whilst the addition of gastric mucin (20mg/mL) to control and mango diets altered the rheology to match the gastric digesta rheology, the effect of mucin on the pectin-containing diet was negligible. 27185134 2 12 theme water 541:545 arg1 content 547:553 the same water content 532:553 the same water content 532:553 In the present study, we investigated the rheological and microstructural properties of gastric digesta from pigs fed with diets incorporating mango powder or pectin, and compared results with those from hydrated diets of the same water content, in order to investigate the origins for rheological changes in the pig stomach. 27185134 7 13 theme same 1710:1713 arg1 content 1721:1727 the same water content 1706:1727 the same water content 1706:1727 Based on the experimental findings that the rheology of gastric digesta differs from hydrated diets of the same water content, the current study revealed composition-dependent complex behavior of gastric digesta in vivo, suggesting that the rheology of food products or ingredients may not necessarily reflect the rheological effect when ingested. 27185134 7 14 theme current 1734:1740 arg1 study 1742:1746 the current study 1730:1746 the current study 1730:1746 Based on the experimental findings that the rheology of gastric digesta differs from hydrated diets of the same water content, the current study revealed composition-dependent complex behavior of gastric digesta in vivo, suggesting that the rheology of food products or ingredients may not necessarily reflect the rheological effect when ingested. 27185134 4 15 theme rheological 1087:1097 arg1 parameters 1099:1108 rheological parameters 1087:1108 rheological parameters for gastric digesta 1087:1128 Although significant rheological differences were observed between the hydrated diets, rheological parameters for gastric digesta were similar for all diets, indicative of a rheological homeostasis in the pig stomach. 27185134 3 16 theme solid-like 754:763 arg1 behavior 765:772 more solid-like behavior 749:772 more solid-like behavior 749:772 All of the hydrated diets and gastric digesta were particle-dominated suspensions, generally showing weak gel or more solid-like behavior with the storage modulus (G') always greater than loss modulus (G") under small deformation oscillatory measurements, and with small deformation viscosity greater than steady shear viscosity (i.e. non-Cox-Merz superposition). 27185134 6 17 theme pectin 1549:1554 arg1 digesta 1556:1562 pectin digesta 1549:1562 pectin digesta compared to mango and control digesta 1549:1600 The viscous effect of pectin also hindered the action of alpha amylase as observed from relatively less damaged starch granules in pectin digesta compared to mango and control digesta. 27185134 7 18 theme rheological 1917:1927 arg1 effect 1929:1934 the rheological effect 1913:1934 the rheological effect 1913:1934 Based on the experimental findings that the rheology of gastric digesta differs from hydrated diets of the same water content, the current study revealed composition-dependent complex behavior of gastric digesta in vivo, suggesting that the rheology of food products or ingredients may not necessarily reflect the rheological effect when ingested. 27185134 1 19 dep change 230:235 arg1 digesta 300:306 digesta 300:306 digesta 300:306 Hydrated polysaccharides and their assemblies are known to modulate gastric emptying rate due to their capacity to change the structural and rheological properties of gastric contents (digesta). 27185134 3 20 theme storage 783:789 arg1 G 800:800 G' 800:801 G' 800:801 All of the hydrated diets and gastric digesta were particle-dominated suspensions, generally showing weak gel or more solid-like behavior with the storage modulus (G') always greater than loss modulus (G") under small deformation oscillatory measurements, and with small deformation viscosity greater than steady shear viscosity (i.e. non-Cox-Merz superposition). 27185134 3 20 theme storage 783:789 arg1 modulus 791:797 the storage modulus 779:797 the storage modulus (G') always greater than loss modulus (G") under small deformation oscillatory measurements 779:889 All of the hydrated diets and gastric digesta were particle-dominated suspensions, generally showing weak gel or more solid-like behavior with the storage modulus (G') always greater than loss modulus (G") under small deformation oscillatory measurements, and with small deformation viscosity greater than steady shear viscosity (i.e. non-Cox-Merz superposition). 27185134 6 21 theme damaged 1522:1528 arg1 granules 1537:1544 relatively less damaged starch granules 1506:1544 relatively less damaged starch granules in pectin digesta compared to mango and control digesta 1506:1600 The viscous effect of pectin also hindered the action of alpha amylase as observed from relatively less damaged starch granules in pectin digesta compared to mango and control digesta. 27185134 7 22 theme digesta 1667:1673 arg1 rheology 1647:1654 the rheology 1643:1654 the rheology of gastric digesta 1643:1673 Based on the experimental findings that the rheology of gastric digesta differs from hydrated diets of the same water content, the current study revealed composition-dependent complex behavior of gastric digesta in vivo, suggesting that the rheology of food products or ingredients may not necessarily reflect the rheological effect when ingested. 27185134 2 23 theme content 547:553 arg1 diets 523:527 hydrated diets 514:527 hydrated diets 514:527 In the present study, we investigated the rheological and microstructural properties of gastric digesta from pigs fed with diets incorporating mango powder or pectin, and compared results with those from hydrated diets of the same water content, in order to investigate the origins for rheological changes in the pig stomach. 27185134 4 24 theme pig 1205:1207 arg1 stomach 1209:1215 the pig stomach 1201:1215 the pig stomach 1201:1215 Although significant rheological differences were observed between the hydrated diets, rheological parameters for gastric digesta were similar for all diets, indicative of a rheological homeostasis in the pig stomach. 27185134 5 25 theme gastric 1241:1247 arg1 20mg/mL 1256:1262 20mg/mL 1256:1262 20mg/mL 1256:1262 Whilst the addition of gastric mucin (20mg/mL) to control and mango diets altered the rheology to match the gastric digesta rheology, the effect of mucin on the pectin-containing diet was negligible. 27185134 5 25 theme gastric 1241:1247 arg1 mucin 1249:1253 gastric mucin 1241:1253 gastric mucin (20mg/mL) 1241:1263 Whilst the addition of gastric mucin (20mg/mL) to control and mango diets altered the rheology to match the gastric digesta rheology, the effect of mucin on the pectin-containing diet was negligible. 27185134 6 26 theme control 1586:1592 arg1 digesta 1594:1600 control digesta 1586:1600 control digesta 1586:1600 The viscous effect of pectin also hindered the action of alpha amylase as observed from relatively less damaged starch granules in pectin digesta compared to mango and control digesta. 27185134 3 27 theme small 848:852 arg1 measurements 878:889 small deformation oscillatory measurements 848:889 small deformation oscillatory measurements 848:889 All of the hydrated diets and gastric digesta were particle-dominated suspensions, generally showing weak gel or more solid-like behavior with the storage modulus (G') always greater than loss modulus (G") under small deformation oscillatory measurements, and with small deformation viscosity greater than steady shear viscosity (i.e. non-Cox-Merz superposition). 27185134 2 28 theme gastric 398:404 arg1 digesta 406:412 gastric digesta 398:412 gastric digesta from pigs fed with diets incorporating mango powder or pectin 398:474 In the present study, we investigated the rheological and microstructural properties of gastric digesta from pigs fed with diets incorporating mango powder or pectin, and compared results with those from hydrated diets of the same water content, in order to investigate the origins for rheological changes in the pig stomach. 27185134 2 29 theme mango 453:457 arg1 powder 459:464 mango powder 453:464 mango powder 453:464 In the present study, we investigated the rheological and microstructural properties of gastric digesta from pigs fed with diets incorporating mango powder or pectin, and compared results with those from hydrated diets of the same water content, in order to investigate the origins for rheological changes in the pig stomach. 27185134 4 30 theme rheological 1174:1184 arg1 homeostasis 1186:1196 a rheological homeostasis 1172:1196 a rheological homeostasis in the pig stomach 1172:1215 Although significant rheological differences were observed between the hydrated diets, rheological parameters for gastric digesta were similar for all diets, indicative of a rheological homeostasis in the pig stomach. 27185134 0 31 theme Rheological 0:10 arg1 properties 32:41 Rheological and microstructural properties 0:41 Rheological and microstructural properties of porcine gastric digesta 0:68 Rheological and microstructural properties of porcine gastric digesta and diets containing pectin or mango powder. 27185134 1 32 theme gastric 282:288 arg1 contents 290:297 gastric contents 282:297 gastric contents 282:297 Hydrated polysaccharides and their assemblies are known to modulate gastric emptying rate due to their capacity to change the structural and rheological properties of gastric contents (digesta). 27185134 0 33 theme microstructural 16:30 arg1 properties 32:41 Rheological and microstructural properties 0:41 Rheological and microstructural properties of porcine gastric digesta 0:68 Rheological and microstructural properties of porcine gastric digesta and diets containing pectin or mango powder. 27185134 7 34 theme food 1856:1859 arg1 products 1861:1868 food products 1856:1868 food products 1856:1868 Based on the experimental findings that the rheology of gastric digesta differs from hydrated diets of the same water content, the current study revealed composition-dependent complex behavior of gastric digesta in vivo, suggesting that the rheology of food products or ingredients may not necessarily reflect the rheological effect when ingested. 27185134 3 35 theme oscillatory 866:876 arg1 measurements 878:889 small deformation oscillatory measurements 848:889 small deformation oscillatory measurements 848:889 All of the hydrated diets and gastric digesta were particle-dominated suspensions, generally showing weak gel or more solid-like behavior with the storage modulus (G') always greater than loss modulus (G") under small deformation oscillatory measurements, and with small deformation viscosity greater than steady shear viscosity (i.e. non-Cox-Merz superposition). 27185134 7 36 theme hydrated 1688:1695 arg1 diets 1697:1701 hydrated diets 1688:1701 hydrated diets of the same water content 1688:1727 Based on the experimental findings that the rheology of gastric digesta differs from hydrated diets of the same water content, the current study revealed composition-dependent complex behavior of gastric digesta in vivo, suggesting that the rheology of food products or ingredients may not necessarily reflect the rheological effect when ingested. 27185134 7 37 theme digesta 1807:1813 arg1 behavior 1787:1794 composition-dependent complex behavior 1757:1794 composition-dependent complex behavior of gastric digesta 1757:1813 Based on the experimental findings that the rheology of gastric digesta differs from hydrated diets of the same water content, the current study revealed composition-dependent complex behavior of gastric digesta in vivo, suggesting that the rheology of food products or ingredients may not necessarily reflect the rheological effect when ingested. 27185134 0 38 theme gastric 54:60 arg1 digesta 62:68 porcine gastric digesta 46:68 porcine gastric digesta 46:68 Rheological and microstructural properties of porcine gastric digesta and diets containing pectin or mango powder. 27185134 2 39 from changes 608:614 arg1 stomach 627:633 the pig stomach 619:633 the pig stomach 619:633 In the present study, we investigated the rheological and microstructural properties of gastric digesta from pigs fed with diets incorporating mango powder or pectin, and compared results with those from hydrated diets of the same water content, in order to investigate the origins for rheological changes in the pig stomach. 27185134 3 40 theme hydrated 647:654 arg1 diets 656:660 the hydrated diets 643:660 the hydrated diets 643:660 All of the hydrated diets and gastric digesta were particle-dominated suspensions, generally showing weak gel or more solid-like behavior with the storage modulus (G') always greater than loss modulus (G") under small deformation oscillatory measurements, and with small deformation viscosity greater than steady shear viscosity (i.e. non-Cox-Merz superposition). 27185134 6 41 theme pectin 1440:1445 arg1 effect 1430:1435 The viscous effect 1418:1435 The viscous effect of pectin 1418:1445 The viscous effect of pectin also hindered the action of alpha amylase as observed from relatively less damaged starch granules in pectin digesta compared to mango and control digesta. 27185134 2 42 from properties 384:393 arg1 pigs 419:422 pigs 419:422 pigs fed with diets incorporating mango powder or pectin 419:474 In the present study, we investigated the rheological and microstructural properties of gastric digesta from pigs fed with diets incorporating mango powder or pectin, and compared results with those from hydrated diets of the same water content, in order to investigate the origins for rheological changes in the pig stomach. 27185134 3 43 theme steady 942:947 arg1 viscosity 955:963 steady shear viscosity 942:963 steady shear viscosity (i.e. non-Cox-Merz superposition) 942:997 All of the hydrated diets and gastric digesta were particle-dominated suspensions, generally showing weak gel or more solid-like behavior with the storage modulus (G') always greater than loss modulus (G") under small deformation oscillatory measurements, and with small deformation viscosity greater than steady shear viscosity (i.e. non-Cox-Merz superposition). 27185134 3 43 theme steady 942:947 arg1 superposition 984:996 i.e. non-Cox-Merz superposition 966:996 i.e. non-Cox-Merz superposition 966:996 All of the hydrated diets and gastric digesta were particle-dominated suspensions, generally showing weak gel or more solid-like behavior with the storage modulus (G') always greater than loss modulus (G") under small deformation oscillatory measurements, and with small deformation viscosity greater than steady shear viscosity (i.e. non-Cox-Merz superposition). 27185134 4 44 theme hydrated 1071:1078 arg1 diets 1080:1084 the hydrated diets 1067:1084 the hydrated diets 1067:1084 Although significant rheological differences were observed between the hydrated diets, rheological parameters for gastric digesta were similar for all diets, indicative of a rheological homeostasis in the pig stomach. 27185134 3 45 theme G 838:838 arg1 modulus 829:835 loss modulus 824:835 loss modulus (G") under small deformation oscillatory measurements 824:889 All of the hydrated diets and gastric digesta were particle-dominated suspensions, generally showing weak gel or more solid-like behavior with the storage modulus (G') always greater than loss modulus (G") under small deformation oscillatory measurements, and with small deformation viscosity greater than steady shear viscosity (i.e. non-Cox-Merz superposition). 27185134 3 45 theme G 838:838 arg1 " 839:839 G" 838:839 G" 838:839 All of the hydrated diets and gastric digesta were particle-dominated suspensions, generally showing weak gel or more solid-like behavior with the storage modulus (G') always greater than loss modulus (G") under small deformation oscillatory measurements, and with small deformation viscosity greater than steady shear viscosity (i.e. non-Cox-Merz superposition). 27185134 3 46 theme greater 929:935 arg1 viscosity 919:927 small deformation viscosity 901:927 small deformation viscosity greater than steady shear viscosity (i.e. non-Cox-Merz superposition) 901:997 All of the hydrated diets and gastric digesta were particle-dominated suspensions, generally showing weak gel or more solid-like behavior with the storage modulus (G') always greater than loss modulus (G") under small deformation oscillatory measurements, and with small deformation viscosity greater than steady shear viscosity (i.e. non-Cox-Merz superposition). 27185134 4 47 theme rheological 1021:1031 arg1 differences 1033:1043 significant rheological differences 1009:1043 significant rheological differences 1009:1043 Although significant rheological differences were observed between the hydrated diets, rheological parameters for gastric digesta were similar for all diets, indicative of a rheological homeostasis in the pig stomach. 27185134 5 48 theme gastric 1326:1332 arg1 rheology 1342:1349 the gastric digesta rheology 1322:1349 the gastric digesta rheology 1322:1349 Whilst the addition of gastric mucin (20mg/mL) to control and mango diets altered the rheology to match the gastric digesta rheology, the effect of mucin on the pectin-containing diet was negligible. 27185134 3 49 theme deformation 907:917 arg1 viscosity 919:927 small deformation viscosity 901:927 small deformation viscosity greater than steady shear viscosity (i.e. non-Cox-Merz superposition) 901:997 All of the hydrated diets and gastric digesta were particle-dominated suspensions, generally showing weak gel or more solid-like behavior with the storage modulus (G') always greater than loss modulus (G") under small deformation oscillatory measurements, and with small deformation viscosity greater than steady shear viscosity (i.e. non-Cox-Merz superposition). 27185134 3 50 theme i.e. 966:969 arg1 viscosity 955:963 steady shear viscosity 942:963 steady shear viscosity (i.e. non-Cox-Merz superposition) 942:997 All of the hydrated diets and gastric digesta were particle-dominated suspensions, generally showing weak gel or more solid-like behavior with the storage modulus (G') always greater than loss modulus (G") under small deformation oscillatory measurements, and with small deformation viscosity greater than steady shear viscosity (i.e. non-Cox-Merz superposition). 27185134 3 50 theme i.e. 966:969 arg1 superposition 984:996 i.e. non-Cox-Merz superposition 966:996 i.e. non-Cox-Merz superposition 966:996 All of the hydrated diets and gastric digesta were particle-dominated suspensions, generally showing weak gel or more solid-like behavior with the storage modulus (G') always greater than loss modulus (G") under small deformation oscillatory measurements, and with small deformation viscosity greater than steady shear viscosity (i.e. non-Cox-Merz superposition). 27185134 5 51 theme pectin-containing 1379:1395 arg1 diet 1397:1400 the pectin-containing diet 1375:1400 the pectin-containing diet 1375:1400 Whilst the addition of gastric mucin (20mg/mL) to control and mango diets altered the rheology to match the gastric digesta rheology, the effect of mucin on the pectin-containing diet was negligible. 27185134 4 52 theme gastric 1114:1120 arg1 digesta 1122:1128 gastric digesta 1114:1128 gastric digesta 1114:1128 Although significant rheological differences were observed between the hydrated diets, rheological parameters for gastric digesta were similar for all diets, indicative of a rheological homeostasis in the pig stomach. 27185134 7 53 theme water 1715:1719 arg1 content 1721:1727 the same water content 1706:1727 the same water content 1706:1727 Based on the experimental findings that the rheology of gastric digesta differs from hydrated diets of the same water content, the current study revealed composition-dependent complex behavior of gastric digesta in vivo, suggesting that the rheology of food products or ingredients may not necessarily reflect the rheological effect when ingested. 27185134 3 54 theme particle-dominated 687:704 arg1 suspensions 706:716 particle-dominated suspensions 687:716 particle-dominated suspensions 687:716 All of the hydrated diets and gastric digesta were particle-dominated suspensions, generally showing weak gel or more solid-like behavior with the storage modulus (G') always greater than loss modulus (G") under small deformation oscillatory measurements, and with small deformation viscosity greater than steady shear viscosity (i.e. non-Cox-Merz superposition). 27185134 6 55 theme alpha 1475:1479 arg1 amylase 1481:1487 alpha amylase 1475:1487 alpha amylase 1475:1487 The viscous effect of pectin also hindered the action of alpha amylase as observed from relatively less damaged starch granules in pectin digesta compared to mango and control digesta. 27185134 1 56 theme emptying 191:198 arg1 rate 200:203 gastric emptying rate 183:203 gastric emptying rate due to their capacity to change the structural and rheological properties of gastric contents (digesta) 183:307 Hydrated polysaccharides and their assemblies are known to modulate gastric emptying rate due to their capacity to change the structural and rheological properties of gastric contents (digesta). 27185134 2 57 theme same 536:539 arg1 content 547:553 the same water content 532:553 the same water content 532:553 In the present study, we investigated the rheological and microstructural properties of gastric digesta from pigs fed with diets incorporating mango powder or pectin, and compared results with those from hydrated diets of the same water content, in order to investigate the origins for rheological changes in the pig stomach. 27185134 4 58 theme indicative 1158:1167 arg1 diets 1151:1155 all diets 1147:1155 all diets 1147:1155 Although significant rheological differences were observed between the hydrated diets, rheological parameters for gastric digesta were similar for all diets, indicative of a rheological homeostasis in the pig stomach. 27185134 6 59 from granules 1537:1544 arg1 digesta 1556:1562 pectin digesta 1549:1562 pectin digesta compared to mango and control digesta 1549:1600 The viscous effect of pectin also hindered the action of alpha amylase as observed from relatively less damaged starch granules in pectin digesta compared to mango and control digesta. 27185134 5 60 theme mucin 1249:1253 arg1 addition 1229:1236 the addition 1225:1236 the addition of gastric mucin (20mg/mL) to control and mango diets 1225:1290 Whilst the addition of gastric mucin (20mg/mL) to control and mango diets altered the rheology to match the gastric digesta rheology, the effect of mucin on the pectin-containing diet was negligible. 27185134 3 61 theme more 749:752 arg1 behavior 765:772 more solid-like behavior 749:772 more solid-like behavior 749:772 All of the hydrated diets and gastric digesta were particle-dominated suspensions, generally showing weak gel or more solid-like behavior with the storage modulus (G') always greater than loss modulus (G") under small deformation oscillatory measurements, and with small deformation viscosity greater than steady shear viscosity (i.e. non-Cox-Merz superposition). 27185134 6 62 theme starch 1530:1535 arg1 granules 1537:1544 relatively less damaged starch granules 1506:1544 relatively less damaged starch granules in pectin digesta compared to mango and control digesta 1506:1600 The viscous effect of pectin also hindered the action of alpha amylase as observed from relatively less damaged starch granules in pectin digesta compared to mango and control digesta. 27185134 3 63 theme loss 824:827 arg1 modulus 829:835 loss modulus 824:835 loss modulus (G") under small deformation oscillatory measurements 824:889 All of the hydrated diets and gastric digesta were particle-dominated suspensions, generally showing weak gel or more solid-like behavior with the storage modulus (G') always greater than loss modulus (G") under small deformation oscillatory measurements, and with small deformation viscosity greater than steady shear viscosity (i.e. non-Cox-Merz superposition). 27185134 3 63 theme loss 824:827 arg1 " 839:839 G" 838:839 G" 838:839 All of the hydrated diets and gastric digesta were particle-dominated suspensions, generally showing weak gel or more solid-like behavior with the storage modulus (G') always greater than loss modulus (G") under small deformation oscillatory measurements, and with small deformation viscosity greater than steady shear viscosity (i.e. non-Cox-Merz superposition). 27185134 3 64 theme small 901:905 arg1 viscosity 919:927 small deformation viscosity 901:927 small deformation viscosity greater than steady shear viscosity (i.e. non-Cox-Merz superposition) 901:997 All of the hydrated diets and gastric digesta were particle-dominated suspensions, generally showing weak gel or more solid-like behavior with the storage modulus (G') always greater than loss modulus (G") under small deformation oscillatory measurements, and with small deformation viscosity greater than steady shear viscosity (i.e. non-Cox-Merz superposition). 27185134 3 65 theme greater 811:817 arg1 G 800:800 G' 800:801 G' 800:801 All of the hydrated diets and gastric digesta were particle-dominated suspensions, generally showing weak gel or more solid-like behavior with the storage modulus (G') always greater than loss modulus (G") under small deformation oscillatory measurements, and with small deformation viscosity greater than steady shear viscosity (i.e. non-Cox-Merz superposition). 27185134 3 65 theme greater 811:817 arg1 modulus 791:797 the storage modulus 779:797 the storage modulus (G') always greater than loss modulus (G") under small deformation oscillatory measurements 779:889 All of the hydrated diets and gastric digesta were particle-dominated suspensions, generally showing weak gel or more solid-like behavior with the storage modulus (G') always greater than loss modulus (G") under small deformation oscillatory measurements, and with small deformation viscosity greater than steady shear viscosity (i.e. non-Cox-Merz superposition). 27185134 0 66 theme mango 101:105 arg1 powder 107:112 mango powder 101:112 mango powder 101:112 Rheological and microstructural properties of porcine gastric digesta and diets containing pectin or mango powder. 27185134 7 67 theme gastric 1659:1665 arg1 digesta 1667:1673 gastric digesta 1659:1673 gastric digesta 1659:1673 Based on the experimental findings that the rheology of gastric digesta differs from hydrated diets of the same water content, the current study revealed composition-dependent complex behavior of gastric digesta in vivo, suggesting that the rheology of food products or ingredients may not necessarily reflect the rheological effect when ingested. 27185134 2 68 theme hydrated 514:521 arg1 diets 523:527 hydrated diets 514:527 hydrated diets 514:527 In the present study, we investigated the rheological and microstructural properties of gastric digesta from pigs fed with diets incorporating mango powder or pectin, and compared results with those from hydrated diets of the same water content, in order to investigate the origins for rheological changes in the pig stomach. 27185134 2 69 theme pig 623:625 arg1 stomach 627:633 the pig stomach 619:633 the pig stomach 619:633 In the present study, we investigated the rheological and microstructural properties of gastric digesta from pigs fed with diets incorporating mango powder or pectin, and compared results with those from hydrated diets of the same water content, in order to investigate the origins for rheological changes in the pig stomach. 27185134 7 70 theme ingredients 1873:1883 arg1 rheology 1844:1851 the rheology 1840:1851 the rheology of food products or ingredients 1840:1883 Based on the experimental findings that the rheology of gastric digesta differs from hydrated diets of the same water content, the current study revealed composition-dependent complex behavior of gastric digesta in vivo, suggesting that the rheology of food products or ingredients may not necessarily reflect the rheological effect when ingested. 27185134 2 71 with results 490:496 arg1 those 503:507 those 503:507 those 503:507 In the present study, we investigated the rheological and microstructural properties of gastric digesta from pigs fed with diets incorporating mango powder or pectin, and compared results with those from hydrated diets of the same water content, in order to investigate the origins for rheological changes in the pig stomach. 27185134 3 72 theme deformation 854:864 arg1 measurements 878:889 small deformation oscillatory measurements 848:889 small deformation oscillatory measurements 848:889 All of the hydrated diets and gastric digesta were particle-dominated suspensions, generally showing weak gel or more solid-like behavior with the storage modulus (G') always greater than loss modulus (G") under small deformation oscillatory measurements, and with small deformation viscosity greater than steady shear viscosity (i.e. non-Cox-Merz superposition). 27185134 4 73 theme homeostasis 1186:1196 arg1 indicative 1158:1167 indicative 1158:1167 indicative 1158:1167 Although significant rheological differences were observed between the hydrated diets, rheological parameters for gastric digesta were similar for all diets, indicative of a rheological homeostasis in the pig stomach. 27185134 7 74 theme products 1861:1868 arg1 rheology 1844:1851 the rheology 1840:1851 the rheology of food products or ingredients 1840:1883 Based on the experimental findings that the rheology of gastric digesta differs from hydrated diets of the same water content, the current study revealed composition-dependent complex behavior of gastric digesta in vivo, suggesting that the rheology of food products or ingredients may not necessarily reflect the rheological effect when ingested. 27185134 2 75 theme microstructural 368:382 arg1 properties 384:393 the rheological and microstructural properties 348:393 the rheological and microstructural properties of gastric digesta from pigs fed with diets incorporating mango powder or pectin 348:474 In the present study, we investigated the rheological and microstructural properties of gastric digesta from pigs fed with diets incorporating mango powder or pectin, and compared results with those from hydrated diets of the same water content, in order to investigate the origins for rheological changes in the pig stomach. 27185134 1 76 theme contents 290:297 arg1 properties 268:277 the structural and rheological properties 237:277 the structural and rheological properties of gastric contents 237:297 Hydrated polysaccharides and their assemblies are known to modulate gastric emptying rate due to their capacity to change the structural and rheological properties of gastric contents (digesta). 27185134 4 77 from homeostasis 1186:1196 arg1 stomach 1209:1215 the pig stomach 1201:1215 the pig stomach 1201:1215 Although significant rheological differences were observed between the hydrated diets, rheological parameters for gastric digesta were similar for all diets, indicative of a rheological homeostasis in the pig stomach. 27185134 7 78 theme experimental 1616:1627 arg1 findings 1629:1636 the experimental findings 1612:1636 the experimental findings that the rheology of gastric digesta differs from hydrated diets of the same water content 1612:1727 Based on the experimental findings that the rheology of gastric digesta differs from hydrated diets of the same water content, the current study revealed composition-dependent complex behavior of gastric digesta in vivo, suggesting that the rheology of food products or ingredients may not necessarily reflect the rheological effect when ingested. 27185134 7 79 theme composition-dependent 1757:1777 arg1 behavior 1787:1794 composition-dependent complex behavior 1757:1794 composition-dependent complex behavior of gastric digesta 1757:1813 Based on the experimental findings that the rheology of gastric digesta differs from hydrated diets of the same water content, the current study revealed composition-dependent complex behavior of gastric digesta in vivo, suggesting that the rheology of food products or ingredients may not necessarily reflect the rheological effect when ingested. 27185134 0 80 theme porcine 46:52 arg1 digesta 62:68 porcine gastric digesta 46:68 porcine gastric digesta 46:68 Rheological and microstructural properties of porcine gastric digesta and diets containing pectin or mango powder. 27185134 5 81 theme digesta 1334:1340 arg1 rheology 1342:1349 the gastric digesta rheology 1322:1349 the gastric digesta rheology 1322:1349 Whilst the addition of gastric mucin (20mg/mL) to control and mango diets altered the rheology to match the gastric digesta rheology, the effect of mucin on the pectin-containing diet was negligible. 27185134 2 82 theme digesta 406:412 arg1 properties 384:393 the rheological and microstructural properties 348:393 the rheological and microstructural properties of gastric digesta from pigs fed with diets incorporating mango powder or pectin 348:474 In the present study, we investigated the rheological and microstructural properties of gastric digesta from pigs fed with diets incorporating mango powder or pectin, and compared results with those from hydrated diets of the same water content, in order to investigate the origins for rheological changes in the pig stomach. 27185134 0 83 theme digesta 62:68 arg1 properties 32:41 Rheological and microstructural properties 0:41 Rheological and microstructural properties of porcine gastric digesta 0:68 Rheological and microstructural properties of porcine gastric digesta and diets containing pectin or mango powder. 27185134 0 83 theme digesta 62:68 arg1 diets 74:78 diets 74:78 diets 74:78 Rheological and microstructural properties of porcine gastric digesta and diets containing pectin or mango powder. 27185134 7 84 theme gastric 1799:1805 arg1 digesta 1807:1813 gastric digesta 1799:1813 gastric digesta 1799:1813 Based on the experimental findings that the rheology of gastric digesta differs from hydrated diets of the same water content, the current study revealed composition-dependent complex behavior of gastric digesta in vivo, suggesting that the rheology of food products or ingredients may not necessarily reflect the rheological effect when ingested. 27185134 5 85 from effect 1356:1361 arg1 diet 1397:1400 the pectin-containing diet 1375:1400 the pectin-containing diet 1375:1400 Whilst the addition of gastric mucin (20mg/mL) to control and mango diets altered the rheology to match the gastric digesta rheology, the effect of mucin on the pectin-containing diet was negligible. 27185134 7 86 dep findings 1629:1636 arg1 differs 1675:1681 differs 1675:1681 differs from hydrated diets of the same water content 1675:1727 Based on the experimental findings that the rheology of gastric digesta differs from hydrated diets of the same water content, the current study revealed composition-dependent complex behavior of gastric digesta in vivo, suggesting that the rheology of food products or ingredients may not necessarily reflect the rheological effect when ingested. 27185134 2 87 theme present 317:323 arg1 study 325:329 the present study 313:329 the present study 313:329 In the present study, we investigated the rheological and microstructural properties of gastric digesta from pigs fed with diets incorporating mango powder or pectin, and compared results with those from hydrated diets of the same water content, in order to investigate the origins for rheological changes in the pig stomach. 27185134 7 88 theme complex 1779:1785 arg1 behavior 1787:1794 composition-dependent complex behavior 1757:1794 composition-dependent complex behavior of gastric digesta 1757:1813 Based on the experimental findings that the rheology of gastric digesta differs from hydrated diets of the same water content, the current study revealed composition-dependent complex behavior of gastric digesta in vivo, suggesting that the rheology of food products or ingredients may not necessarily reflect the rheological effect when ingested. 27185134 3 89 theme shear 949:953 arg1 viscosity 955:963 steady shear viscosity 942:963 steady shear viscosity (i.e. non-Cox-Merz superposition) 942:997 All of the hydrated diets and gastric digesta were particle-dominated suspensions, generally showing weak gel or more solid-like behavior with the storage modulus (G') always greater than loss modulus (G") under small deformation oscillatory measurements, and with small deformation viscosity greater than steady shear viscosity (i.e. non-Cox-Merz superposition). 27185134 3 89 theme shear 949:953 arg1 superposition 984:996 i.e. non-Cox-Merz superposition 966:996 i.e. non-Cox-Merz superposition 966:996 All of the hydrated diets and gastric digesta were particle-dominated suspensions, generally showing weak gel or more solid-like behavior with the storage modulus (G') always greater than loss modulus (G") under small deformation oscillatory measurements, and with small deformation viscosity greater than steady shear viscosity (i.e. non-Cox-Merz superposition). 27185134 3 90 theme gastric 666:672 arg1 digesta 674:680 gastric digesta 666:680 gastric digesta 666:680 All of the hydrated diets and gastric digesta were particle-dominated suspensions, generally showing weak gel or more solid-like behavior with the storage modulus (G') always greater than loss modulus (G") under small deformation oscillatory measurements, and with small deformation viscosity greater than steady shear viscosity (i.e. non-Cox-Merz superposition). 27185134 2 91 theme rheological 352:362 arg1 properties 384:393 the rheological and microstructural properties 348:393 the rheological and microstructural properties of gastric digesta from pigs fed with diets incorporating mango powder or pectin 348:474 In the present study, we investigated the rheological and microstructural properties of gastric digesta from pigs fed with diets incorporating mango powder or pectin, and compared results with those from hydrated diets of the same water content, in order to investigate the origins for rheological changes in the pig stomach. 27185134 6 92 theme viscous 1422:1428 arg1 effect 1430:1435 The viscous effect 1418:1435 The viscous effect of pectin 1418:1445 The viscous effect of pectin also hindered the action of alpha amylase as observed from relatively less damaged starch granules in pectin digesta compared to mango and control digesta. 27185134 1 93 theme structural 241:250 arg1 properties 268:277 the structural and rheological properties 237:277 the structural and rheological properties of gastric contents 237:297 Hydrated polysaccharides and their assemblies are known to modulate gastric emptying rate due to their capacity to change the structural and rheological properties of gastric contents (digesta). 28901742 6 0 theme implantable 1253:1263 arg1 devices 1265:1271 implantable devices 1253:1271 implantable devices in biomedical applications 1253:1298 This study revealed that the hemocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammation properties could be tailored conveniently by adjusting the ratio of HA and PDA composite on the modified PDMS surface, which has an exceptional potential as the core or packaging material for constructing implantable devices in biomedical applications. 28901742 1 1 theme micro-electromechanical 231:253 arg1 systems 255:261 micro-electromechanical systems 231:261 micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) 231:268 Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) has been widely utilized in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and implantable devices. 28901742 1 1 theme micro-electromechanical 231:253 arg1 MEMS 264:267 MEMS 264:267 MEMS 264:267 Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) has been widely utilized in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and implantable devices. 28901742 0 2 theme Hyaluronic 69:78 arg1 Acid 80:83 Hyaluronic Acid 69:83 Hyaluronic Acid 69:83 Surface Modification of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) with Polydopamine and Hyaluronic Acid To Enhance Hemocompatibility for Potential Applications in Medical Implants or Devices. 28901742 2 3 theme implant 344:350 arg1 hemocompatibility 310:326 the hemocompatibility 306:326 the hemocompatibility of a PDMS-based implant 306:350 To improve the hemocompatibility of a PDMS-based implant, a facile technique was developed by modifying PDMS with a hyaluronic acid (HA) and polydopamine (PDA) composite (HA/PDA). 28901742 3 4 theme native 654:659 arg1 PDMS 661:664 native PDMS 654:664 native PDMS 654:664 Under appropriate ratio of HA to PDA, platelet adhesion and activation were considerably reduced on modified PDMS substrates, indicating an enhanced hemocompatibility compared to native PDMS or those coated with HA or PDA solely. 28901742 6 5 theme exceptional 1180:1190 arg1 potential 1192:1200 an exceptional potential 1177:1200 an exceptional potential as the core or packaging material for constructing implantable devices in biomedical applications 1177:1298 This study revealed that the hemocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammation properties could be tailored conveniently by adjusting the ratio of HA and PDA composite on the modified PDMS surface, which has an exceptional potential as the core or packaging material for constructing implantable devices in biomedical applications. 28901742 6 6 theme PDMS 1153:1156 arg1 surface 1158:1164 the modified PDMS surface 1140:1164 the modified PDMS surface 1140:1164 This study revealed that the hemocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammation properties could be tailored conveniently by adjusting the ratio of HA and PDA composite on the modified PDMS surface, which has an exceptional potential as the core or packaging material for constructing implantable devices in biomedical applications. 28901742 6 7 theme HA 1116:1117 arg1 ratio 1107:1111 the ratio 1103:1111 the ratio of HA and PDA composite on the modified PDMS surface, which has an exceptional potential as the core or packaging material for constructing implantable devices in biomedical applications 1103:1298 This study revealed that the hemocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammation properties could be tailored conveniently by adjusting the ratio of HA and PDA composite on the modified PDMS surface, which has an exceptional potential as the core or packaging material for constructing implantable devices in biomedical applications. 28901742 2 8 with PDMS 399:402 arg1 composite 455:463 polydopamine (PDA) composite 436:463 polydopamine (PDA) composite (HA/PDA) 436:472 To improve the hemocompatibility of a PDMS-based implant, a facile technique was developed by modifying PDMS with a hyaluronic acid (HA) and polydopamine (PDA) composite (HA/PDA). 28901742 2 8 with PDMS 399:402 arg1 HA 428:429 HA 428:429 HA 428:429 To improve the hemocompatibility of a PDMS-based implant, a facile technique was developed by modifying PDMS with a hyaluronic acid (HA) and polydopamine (PDA) composite (HA/PDA). 28901742 2 8 with PDMS 399:402 arg1 acid 422:425 a hyaluronic acid 409:425 a hyaluronic acid (HA) 409:430 To improve the hemocompatibility of a PDMS-based implant, a facile technique was developed by modifying PDMS with a hyaluronic acid (HA) and polydopamine (PDA) composite (HA/PDA). 28901742 2 8 with PDMS 399:402 arg1 HA/PDA 466:471 HA/PDA 466:471 HA/PDA 466:471 To improve the hemocompatibility of a PDMS-based implant, a facile technique was developed by modifying PDMS with a hyaluronic acid (HA) and polydopamine (PDA) composite (HA/PDA). 28901742 4 9 theme HA/PDA 705:710 arg1 coating 712:718 HA/PDA coating 705:718 HA/PDA coating 705:718 HA/PDA coating also posed minimal cytotoxicity on the adhesion and proliferation of endothelial cells (HUVECs). 28901742 3 10 theme HA 502:503 arg1 ratio 493:497 appropriate ratio 481:497 appropriate ratio of HA to PDA 481:510 Under appropriate ratio of HA to PDA, platelet adhesion and activation were considerably reduced on modified PDMS substrates, indicating an enhanced hemocompatibility compared to native PDMS or those coated with HA or PDA solely. 28901742 5 11 theme PDMS 862:865 arg1 surface 867:873 the modified PDMS surface 849:873 the modified PDMS surface 849:873 The anti-inflammation effect of the modified PDMS surface was characterized based on the expression of critical cytokines in adherent macrophages. 28901742 4 12 theme cells 801:805 arg1 proliferation 772:784 proliferation 772:784 proliferation 772:784 HA/PDA coating also posed minimal cytotoxicity on the adhesion and proliferation of endothelial cells (HUVECs). 28901742 4 12 theme cells 801:805 arg1 adhesion 759:766 adhesion 759:766 adhesion 759:766 HA/PDA coating also posed minimal cytotoxicity on the adhesion and proliferation of endothelial cells (HUVECs). 28901742 3 13 theme appropriate 481:491 arg1 ratio 493:497 appropriate ratio 481:497 appropriate ratio of HA to PDA 481:510 Under appropriate ratio of HA to PDA, platelet adhesion and activation were considerably reduced on modified PDMS substrates, indicating an enhanced hemocompatibility compared to native PDMS or those coated with HA or PDA solely. 28901742 4 14 theme endothelial 789:799 arg1 HUVECs 808:813 HUVECs 808:813 HUVECs 808:813 HA/PDA coating also posed minimal cytotoxicity on the adhesion and proliferation of endothelial cells (HUVECs). 28901742 4 14 theme endothelial 789:799 arg1 cells 801:805 endothelial cells 789:805 endothelial cells (HUVECs) 789:814 HA/PDA coating also posed minimal cytotoxicity on the adhesion and proliferation of endothelial cells (HUVECs). 28901742 4 15 theme minimal 731:737 arg1 cytotoxicity 739:750 minimal cytotoxicity 731:750 minimal cytotoxicity 731:750 HA/PDA coating also posed minimal cytotoxicity on the adhesion and proliferation of endothelial cells (HUVECs). 28901742 2 16 theme PDA 450:452 arg1 composite 455:463 polydopamine (PDA) composite 436:463 polydopamine (PDA) composite (HA/PDA) 436:472 To improve the hemocompatibility of a PDMS-based implant, a facile technique was developed by modifying PDMS with a hyaluronic acid (HA) and polydopamine (PDA) composite (HA/PDA). 28901742 2 16 theme PDA 450:452 arg1 HA/PDA 466:471 HA/PDA 466:471 HA/PDA 466:471 To improve the hemocompatibility of a PDMS-based implant, a facile technique was developed by modifying PDMS with a hyaluronic acid (HA) and polydopamine (PDA) composite (HA/PDA). 28901742 6 17 theme core 1209:1212 arg1 material 1227:1234 the core or packaging material 1205:1234 material 1227:1234 This study revealed that the hemocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammation properties could be tailored conveniently by adjusting the ratio of HA and PDA composite on the modified PDMS surface, which has an exceptional potential as the core or packaging material for constructing implantable devices in biomedical applications. 28901742 6 18 theme composite 1127:1135 arg1 ratio 1107:1111 the ratio 1103:1111 the ratio of HA and PDA composite on the modified PDMS surface, which has an exceptional potential as the core or packaging material for constructing implantable devices in biomedical applications 1103:1298 This study revealed that the hemocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammation properties could be tailored conveniently by adjusting the ratio of HA and PDA composite on the modified PDMS surface, which has an exceptional potential as the core or packaging material for constructing implantable devices in biomedical applications. 28901742 6 19 theme anti-inflammation 1030:1046 arg1 properties 1048:1057 the hemocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammation properties 989:1057 the hemocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammation properties 989:1057 This study revealed that the hemocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammation properties could be tailored conveniently by adjusting the ratio of HA and PDA composite on the modified PDMS surface, which has an exceptional potential as the core or packaging material for constructing implantable devices in biomedical applications. 28901742 0 20 theme Surface 0:6 arg1 Modification 8:19 Surface Modification 0:19 Surface Modification of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) with Polydopamine and Hyaluronic Acid 0:83 Surface Modification of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) with Polydopamine and Hyaluronic Acid To Enhance Hemocompatibility for Potential Applications in Medical Implants or Devices. 28901742 6 21 theme packaging 1217:1225 arg1 material 1227:1234 the core or packaging material 1205:1234 material 1227:1234 This study revealed that the hemocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammation properties could be tailored conveniently by adjusting the ratio of HA and PDA composite on the modified PDMS surface, which has an exceptional potential as the core or packaging material for constructing implantable devices in biomedical applications. 28901742 3 22 theme platelet 513:520 arg1 adhesion 522:529 platelet adhesion 513:529 platelet adhesion 513:529 Under appropriate ratio of HA to PDA, platelet adhesion and activation were considerably reduced on modified PDMS substrates, indicating an enhanced hemocompatibility compared to native PDMS or those coated with HA or PDA solely. 28901742 5 23 theme anti-inflammation 821:837 arg1 effect 839:844 The anti-inflammation effect 817:844 The anti-inflammation effect of the modified PDMS surface 817:873 The anti-inflammation effect of the modified PDMS surface was characterized based on the expression of critical cytokines in adherent macrophages. 28901742 0 24 theme Poly 24:27 arg1 Modification 8:19 Surface Modification 0:19 Surface Modification of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) with Polydopamine and Hyaluronic Acid 0:83 Surface Modification of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) with Polydopamine and Hyaluronic Acid To Enhance Hemocompatibility for Potential Applications in Medical Implants or Devices. 28901742 2 25 theme hyaluronic 411:420 arg1 HA 428:429 HA 428:429 HA 428:429 To improve the hemocompatibility of a PDMS-based implant, a facile technique was developed by modifying PDMS with a hyaluronic acid (HA) and polydopamine (PDA) composite (HA/PDA). 28901742 2 25 theme hyaluronic 411:420 arg1 acid 422:425 a hyaluronic acid 409:425 a hyaluronic acid (HA) 409:430 To improve the hemocompatibility of a PDMS-based implant, a facile technique was developed by modifying PDMS with a hyaluronic acid (HA) and polydopamine (PDA) composite (HA/PDA). 28901742 1 26 theme implantable 274:284 arg1 devices 286:292 implantable devices 274:292 implantable devices 274:292 Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) has been widely utilized in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and implantable devices. 28901742 0 27 theme Potential 118:126 arg1 Applications 128:139 Potential Applications 118:139 Potential Applications in Medical Implants or Devices 118:170 Surface Modification of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) with Polydopamine and Hyaluronic Acid To Enhance Hemocompatibility for Potential Applications in Medical Implants or Devices. 28901742 5 28 theme modified 853:860 arg1 surface 867:873 the modified PDMS surface 849:873 the modified PDMS surface 849:873 The anti-inflammation effect of the modified PDMS surface was characterized based on the expression of critical cytokines in adherent macrophages. 28901742 6 29 theme cytotoxicity 1012:1023 arg1 properties 1048:1057 the hemocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammation properties 989:1057 the hemocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammation properties 989:1057 This study revealed that the hemocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammation properties could be tailored conveniently by adjusting the ratio of HA and PDA composite on the modified PDMS surface, which has an exceptional potential as the core or packaging material for constructing implantable devices in biomedical applications. 28901742 6 30 contain has 1173:1175 arg1 surface 1158:1164 the modified PDMS surface 1140:1164 the modified PDMS surface 1140:1164 This study revealed that the hemocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammation properties could be tailored conveniently by adjusting the ratio of HA and PDA composite on the modified PDMS surface, which has an exceptional potential as the core or packaging material for constructing implantable devices in biomedical applications. 28901742 6 30 contain has 1173:1175 arg2 potential 1192:1200 an exceptional potential 1177:1200 an exceptional potential as the core or packaging material for constructing implantable devices in biomedical applications 1177:1298 This study revealed that the hemocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammation properties could be tailored conveniently by adjusting the ratio of HA and PDA composite on the modified PDMS surface, which has an exceptional potential as the core or packaging material for constructing implantable devices in biomedical applications. 28901742 0 31 theme Medical 144:150 arg1 Implants 152:159 Medical Implants 144:159 Medical Implants 144:159 Surface Modification of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) with Polydopamine and Hyaluronic Acid To Enhance Hemocompatibility for Potential Applications in Medical Implants or Devices. 28901742 2 32 theme polydopamine 436:447 arg1 composite 455:463 polydopamine (PDA) composite 436:463 polydopamine (PDA) composite (HA/PDA) 436:472 To improve the hemocompatibility of a PDMS-based implant, a facile technique was developed by modifying PDMS with a hyaluronic acid (HA) and polydopamine (PDA) composite (HA/PDA). 28901742 2 32 theme polydopamine 436:447 arg1 HA/PDA 466:471 HA/PDA 466:471 HA/PDA 466:471 To improve the hemocompatibility of a PDMS-based implant, a facile technique was developed by modifying PDMS with a hyaluronic acid (HA) and polydopamine (PDA) composite (HA/PDA). 28901742 3 33 theme PDMS 584:587 arg1 substrates 589:598 modified PDMS substrates 575:598 modified PDMS substrates 575:598 Under appropriate ratio of HA to PDA, platelet adhesion and activation were considerably reduced on modified PDMS substrates, indicating an enhanced hemocompatibility compared to native PDMS or those coated with HA or PDA solely. 28901742 6 34 theme PDA 1123:1125 arg1 composite 1127:1135 PDA composite 1123:1135 PDA composite 1123:1135 This study revealed that the hemocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammation properties could be tailored conveniently by adjusting the ratio of HA and PDA composite on the modified PDMS surface, which has an exceptional potential as the core or packaging material for constructing implantable devices in biomedical applications. 28901742 4 35 dep adhesion 759:766 arg1 the 755:757 the 755:757 the 755:757 HA/PDA coating also posed minimal cytotoxicity on the adhesion and proliferation of endothelial cells (HUVECs). 28901742 6 36 from devices 1265:1271 arg1 applications 1287:1298 biomedical applications 1276:1298 biomedical applications 1276:1298 This study revealed that the hemocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammation properties could be tailored conveniently by adjusting the ratio of HA and PDA composite on the modified PDMS surface, which has an exceptional potential as the core or packaging material for constructing implantable devices in biomedical applications. 28901742 6 37 theme hemocompatibility 993:1009 arg1 properties 1048:1057 the hemocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammation properties 989:1057 the hemocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammation properties 989:1057 This study revealed that the hemocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammation properties could be tailored conveniently by adjusting the ratio of HA and PDA composite on the modified PDMS surface, which has an exceptional potential as the core or packaging material for constructing implantable devices in biomedical applications. 28901742 5 38 theme cytokines 929:937 arg1 expression 906:915 the expression 902:915 the expression of critical cytokines in adherent macrophages 902:961 The anti-inflammation effect of the modified PDMS surface was characterized based on the expression of critical cytokines in adherent macrophages. 28901742 5 39 theme critical 920:927 arg1 cytokines 929:937 critical cytokines 920:937 critical cytokines 920:937 The anti-inflammation effect of the modified PDMS surface was characterized based on the expression of critical cytokines in adherent macrophages. 28901742 2 40 theme PDMS-based 333:342 arg1 implant 344:350 a PDMS-based implant 331:350 a PDMS-based implant 331:350 To improve the hemocompatibility of a PDMS-based implant, a facile technique was developed by modifying PDMS with a hyaluronic acid (HA) and polydopamine (PDA) composite (HA/PDA). 28901742 6 41 theme modified 1144:1151 arg1 surface 1158:1164 the modified PDMS surface 1140:1164 the modified PDMS surface 1140:1164 This study revealed that the hemocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammation properties could be tailored conveniently by adjusting the ratio of HA and PDA composite on the modified PDMS surface, which has an exceptional potential as the core or packaging material for constructing implantable devices in biomedical applications. 28901742 6 42 theme biomedical 1276:1285 arg1 applications 1287:1298 biomedical applications 1276:1298 biomedical applications 1276:1298 This study revealed that the hemocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammation properties could be tailored conveniently by adjusting the ratio of HA and PDA composite on the modified PDMS surface, which has an exceptional potential as the core or packaging material for constructing implantable devices in biomedical applications. 28901742 0 43 with Modification 8:19 arg1 Polydopamine 52:63 Polydopamine 52:63 Polydopamine 52:63 Surface Modification of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) with Polydopamine and Hyaluronic Acid To Enhance Hemocompatibility for Potential Applications in Medical Implants or Devices. 28901742 0 43 with Modification 8:19 arg1 Acid 80:83 Hyaluronic Acid 69:83 Hyaluronic Acid 69:83 Surface Modification of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) with Polydopamine and Hyaluronic Acid To Enhance Hemocompatibility for Potential Applications in Medical Implants or Devices. 28901742 5 44 theme surface 867:873 arg1 effect 839:844 The anti-inflammation effect 817:844 The anti-inflammation effect of the modified PDMS surface 817:873 The anti-inflammation effect of the modified PDMS surface was characterized based on the expression of critical cytokines in adherent macrophages. 28901742 0 45 mod Modification 8:19 arg3 Surface 0:6 Surface Modification 0:19 Surface Modification of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) with Polydopamine and Hyaluronic Acid 0:83 Surface Modification of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) with Polydopamine and Hyaluronic Acid To Enhance Hemocompatibility for Potential Applications in Medical Implants or Devices. 28901742 0 45 mod Modification 8:19 arg1 dimethylsiloxane 29:44 dimethylsiloxane 29:44 dimethylsiloxane 29:44 Surface Modification of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) with Polydopamine and Hyaluronic Acid To Enhance Hemocompatibility for Potential Applications in Medical Implants or Devices. 28901742 0 45 mod Modification 8:19 arg1 Poly 24:27 Poly 24:27 Poly(dimethylsiloxane) 24:45 Surface Modification of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) with Polydopamine and Hyaluronic Acid To Enhance Hemocompatibility for Potential Applications in Medical Implants or Devices. 28901742 1 46 used utilized 219:226 arg2 Poly 173:176 Poly 173:176 Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) 173:201 Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) has been widely utilized in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and implantable devices. 28901742 1 46 used utilized 219:226 arg2 PDMS 197:200 PDMS 197:200 PDMS 197:200 Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) has been widely utilized in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and implantable devices. 28901742 1 46 used utilized 219:226 arg2 dimethylsiloxane 178:193 dimethylsiloxane 178:193 dimethylsiloxane 178:193 Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) has been widely utilized in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and implantable devices. 28901742 5 47 theme adherent 942:949 arg1 macrophages 951:961 adherent macrophages 942:961 adherent macrophages 942:961 The anti-inflammation effect of the modified PDMS surface was characterized based on the expression of critical cytokines in adherent macrophages. 28901742 6 48 from ratio 1107:1111 arg1 surface 1158:1164 the modified PDMS surface 1140:1164 the modified PDMS surface 1140:1164 This study revealed that the hemocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammation properties could be tailored conveniently by adjusting the ratio of HA and PDA composite on the modified PDMS surface, which has an exceptional potential as the core or packaging material for constructing implantable devices in biomedical applications. 28901742 5 49 from expression 906:915 arg1 macrophages 951:961 adherent macrophages 942:961 adherent macrophages 942:961 The anti-inflammation effect of the modified PDMS surface was characterized based on the expression of critical cytokines in adherent macrophages. 28901742 3 50 theme modified 575:582 arg1 substrates 589:598 modified PDMS substrates 575:598 modified PDMS substrates 575:598 Under appropriate ratio of HA to PDA, platelet adhesion and activation were considerably reduced on modified PDMS substrates, indicating an enhanced hemocompatibility compared to native PDMS or those coated with HA or PDA solely. 28901742 3 51 theme enhanced 615:622 arg1 hemocompatibility 624:640 an enhanced hemocompatibility 612:640 an enhanced hemocompatibility compared to native PDMS or those coated with HA or PDA solely 612:702 Under appropriate ratio of HA to PDA, platelet adhesion and activation were considerably reduced on modified PDMS substrates, indicating an enhanced hemocompatibility compared to native PDMS or those coated with HA or PDA solely. 28901742 2 52 theme facile 355:360 arg1 technique 362:370 a facile technique 353:370 a facile technique 353:370 To improve the hemocompatibility of a PDMS-based implant, a facile technique was developed by modifying PDMS with a hyaluronic acid (HA) and polydopamine (PDA) composite (HA/PDA). 28901742 0 53 from Applications 128:139 arg1 Devices 164:170 Devices 164:170 Devices 164:170 Surface Modification of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) with Polydopamine and Hyaluronic Acid To Enhance Hemocompatibility for Potential Applications in Medical Implants or Devices. 28901742 0 53 from Applications 128:139 arg1 Implants 152:159 Medical Implants 144:159 Medical Implants 144:159 Surface Modification of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) with Polydopamine and Hyaluronic Acid To Enhance Hemocompatibility for Potential Applications in Medical Implants or Devices. 24274574 2 0 theme electron 480:487 arg1 microscopy 489:498 transmission electron microscopy 467:498 transmission electron microscopy 467:498 The synthesized chitosan-ZnO nanospheres (CS-ZnO NS), chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid quantum dots (CS-ZnO-oleic QD) and chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid:Eu(3+) doped nanorods (CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) NR) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. 24274574 4 1 theme CS-ZnO-oleic 701:712 arg1 acid 714:717 the printed CS-ZnO-oleic acid 689:717 the printed CS-ZnO-oleic acid 689:717 The colorimetric values of the printed CS-ZnO-oleic acid and CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) showed that printing caused slightly change in color values. 24274574 2 2 theme transmission 467:478 arg1 microscopy 489:498 transmission electron microscopy 467:498 transmission electron microscopy 467:498 The synthesized chitosan-ZnO nanospheres (CS-ZnO NS), chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid quantum dots (CS-ZnO-oleic QD) and chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid:Eu(3+) doped nanorods (CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) NR) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. 24274574 3 3 theme prepared 505:512 arg1 composites 533:542 The prepared luminescent CS-ZnO composites 501:542 The prepared luminescent CS-ZnO composites 501:542 The prepared luminescent CS-ZnO composites were used in printing paste and applied to different types of papers and textiles by using screen printing technique. 24274574 5 4 theme security 988:995 arg1 feature 997:1003 a printed security feature 978:1003 a printed security feature 978:1003 Scanning electron microscopy images and color values of the printed surface showed that CS-ZnO-oleic QD and highly luminescence CS-ZnO-olic:Eu(3+) NR are suitable for use as a printed security feature. 24274574 2 5 dep nanospheres 217:227 arg1 characterized 377:389 characterized 377:389 were characterized by X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy 372:498 The synthesized chitosan-ZnO nanospheres (CS-ZnO NS), chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid quantum dots (CS-ZnO-oleic QD) and chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid:Eu(3+) doped nanorods (CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) NR) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. 24274574 5 6 theme CS-ZnO-olic 932:942 arg1 QD 905:906 CS-ZnO-oleic QD 892:906 CS-ZnO-oleic QD and highly luminescence CS-ZnO-olic:Eu(3+) NR 892:952 Scanning electron microscopy images and color values of the printed surface showed that CS-ZnO-oleic QD and highly luminescence CS-ZnO-olic:Eu(3+) NR are suitable for use as a printed security feature. 24274574 2 7 theme chitosan-ZnO-oleic 301:318 arg1 acid 320:323 chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid 301:323 chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid 301:323 The synthesized chitosan-ZnO nanospheres (CS-ZnO NS), chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid quantum dots (CS-ZnO-oleic QD) and chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid:Eu(3+) doped nanorods (CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) NR) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. 24274574 0 8 theme Novel 0:4 arg1 based 19:23 Novel chitosan-ZnO based 0:23 Novel chitosan-ZnO based 0:23 Novel chitosan-ZnO based nanocomposites as luminescent tags for cellulosic materials. 24274574 4 9 theme CS-ZnO-oleic 723:734 arg1 values 679:684 The colorimetric values 662:684 The colorimetric values of the printed CS-ZnO-oleic acid and CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) 662:741 The colorimetric values of the printed CS-ZnO-oleic acid and CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) showed that printing caused slightly change in color values. 24274574 5 10 dep QD 905:906 arg1 Eu 944:945 Eu 944:945 CS-ZnO-oleic QD and highly luminescence CS-ZnO-olic:Eu(3+) NR 892:952 Scanning electron microscopy images and color values of the printed surface showed that CS-ZnO-oleic QD and highly luminescence CS-ZnO-olic:Eu(3+) NR are suitable for use as a printed security feature. 24274574 5 10 dep QD 905:906 arg1 3+ 947:948 3+ 947:948 3+ 947:948 Scanning electron microscopy images and color values of the printed surface showed that CS-ZnO-oleic QD and highly luminescence CS-ZnO-olic:Eu(3+) NR are suitable for use as a printed security feature. 24274574 5 11 dep CS-ZnO-olic 932:942 arg1 luminescence 919:930 luminescence 919:930 luminescence 919:930 Scanning electron microscopy images and color values of the printed surface showed that CS-ZnO-oleic QD and highly luminescence CS-ZnO-olic:Eu(3+) NR are suitable for use as a printed security feature. 24274574 5 12 theme CS-ZnO-oleic 892:903 arg1 QD 905:906 CS-ZnO-oleic QD 892:906 CS-ZnO-oleic QD and highly luminescence CS-ZnO-olic:Eu(3+) NR 892:952 Scanning electron microscopy images and color values of the printed surface showed that CS-ZnO-oleic QD and highly luminescence CS-ZnO-olic:Eu(3+) NR are suitable for use as a printed security feature. 24274574 1 13 theme Novel 86:90 arg1 composites 105:114 Novel chitosan-ZnO composites 86:114 Novel chitosan-ZnO composites 86:114 Novel chitosan-ZnO composites have been synthesized as luminescent taggants for cellulosic materials. 24274574 1 13 theme Novel 86:90 arg1 taggants 153:160 luminescent taggants 141:160 luminescent taggants for cellulosic materials 141:185 Novel chitosan-ZnO composites have been synthesized as luminescent taggants for cellulosic materials. 24274574 0 14 theme chitosan-ZnO 6:17 arg1 based 19:23 Novel chitosan-ZnO based 0:23 Novel chitosan-ZnO based 0:23 Novel chitosan-ZnO based nanocomposites as luminescent tags for cellulosic materials. 24274574 3 15 theme CS-ZnO 526:531 arg1 composites 533:542 The prepared luminescent CS-ZnO composites 501:542 The prepared luminescent CS-ZnO composites 501:542 The prepared luminescent CS-ZnO composites were used in printing paste and applied to different types of papers and textiles by using screen printing technique. 24274574 1 16 theme chitosan-ZnO 92:103 arg1 composites 105:114 Novel chitosan-ZnO composites 86:114 Novel chitosan-ZnO composites 86:114 Novel chitosan-ZnO composites have been synthesized as luminescent taggants for cellulosic materials. 24274574 1 16 theme chitosan-ZnO 92:103 arg1 taggants 153:160 luminescent taggants 141:160 luminescent taggants for cellulosic materials 141:185 Novel chitosan-ZnO composites have been synthesized as luminescent taggants for cellulosic materials. 24274574 2 17 theme photoluminescence 413:429 arg1 spectroscopy 431:442 photoluminescence spectroscopy 413:442 photoluminescence spectroscopy 413:442 The synthesized chitosan-ZnO nanospheres (CS-ZnO NS), chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid quantum dots (CS-ZnO-oleic QD) and chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid:Eu(3+) doped nanorods (CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) NR) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. 24274574 4 18 dep CS-ZnO-oleic 723:734 arg1 3+ 739:740 3+ 739:740 3+ 739:740 The colorimetric values of the printed CS-ZnO-oleic acid and CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) showed that printing caused slightly change in color values. 24274574 4 18 dep CS-ZnO-oleic 723:734 arg1 Eu 736:737 Eu 736:737 CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) 723:741 The colorimetric values of the printed CS-ZnO-oleic acid and CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) showed that printing caused slightly change in color values. 24274574 3 19 used used 549:552 arg2 composites 533:542 The prepared luminescent CS-ZnO composites 501:542 The prepared luminescent CS-ZnO composites 501:542 The prepared luminescent CS-ZnO composites were used in printing paste and applied to different types of papers and textiles by using screen printing technique. 24274574 5 20 theme Scanning 804:811 arg1 microscopy 822:831 Scanning electron microscopy 804:831 Scanning electron microscopy images 804:838 Scanning electron microscopy images and color values of the printed surface showed that CS-ZnO-oleic QD and highly luminescence CS-ZnO-olic:Eu(3+) NR are suitable for use as a printed security feature. 24274574 4 21 theme color 790:794 arg1 values 796:801 color values 790:801 color values 790:801 The colorimetric values of the printed CS-ZnO-oleic acid and CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) showed that printing caused slightly change in color values. 24274574 2 22 theme Eu 325:326 arg1 nanorods 338:345 Eu(3+) doped nanorods 325:345 Eu(3+) doped nanorods (CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) NR) 325:370 The synthesized chitosan-ZnO nanospheres (CS-ZnO NS), chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid quantum dots (CS-ZnO-oleic QD) and chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid:Eu(3+) doped nanorods (CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) NR) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. 24274574 2 22 theme Eu 325:326 arg1 CS-ZnO-oleic 348:359 CS-ZnO-oleic 348:359 CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) NR 348:369 The synthesized chitosan-ZnO nanospheres (CS-ZnO NS), chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid quantum dots (CS-ZnO-oleic QD) and chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid:Eu(3+) doped nanorods (CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) NR) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. 24274574 2 23 theme X-ray 394:398 arg1 diffraction 400:410 X-ray diffraction 394:410 X-ray diffraction 394:410 The synthesized chitosan-ZnO nanospheres (CS-ZnO NS), chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid quantum dots (CS-ZnO-oleic QD) and chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid:Eu(3+) doped nanorods (CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) NR) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. 24274574 5 24 theme electron 813:820 arg1 microscopy 822:831 Scanning electron microscopy 804:831 Scanning electron microscopy images 804:838 Scanning electron microscopy images and color values of the printed surface showed that CS-ZnO-oleic QD and highly luminescence CS-ZnO-olic:Eu(3+) NR are suitable for use as a printed security feature. 24274574 3 25 theme printing 642:649 arg1 technique 651:659 screen printing technique 635:659 screen printing technique 635:659 The prepared luminescent CS-ZnO composites were used in printing paste and applied to different types of papers and textiles by using screen printing technique. 24274574 4 26 theme printed 693:699 arg1 acid 714:717 the printed CS-ZnO-oleic acid 689:717 the printed CS-ZnO-oleic acid 689:717 The colorimetric values of the printed CS-ZnO-oleic acid and CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) showed that printing caused slightly change in color values. 24274574 5 27 theme surface 872:878 arg1 images 833:838 Scanning electron microscopy images 804:838 Scanning electron microscopy images 804:838 Scanning electron microscopy images and color values of the printed surface showed that CS-ZnO-oleic QD and highly luminescence CS-ZnO-olic:Eu(3+) NR are suitable for use as a printed security feature. 24274574 5 27 theme surface 872:878 arg1 values 850:855 color values 844:855 color values of the printed surface 844:878 Scanning electron microscopy images and color values of the printed surface showed that CS-ZnO-oleic QD and highly luminescence CS-ZnO-olic:Eu(3+) NR are suitable for use as a printed security feature. 24274574 0 28 theme luminescent 43:53 arg1 tags 55:58 luminescent tags 43:58 luminescent tags for cellulosic materials 43:83 Novel chitosan-ZnO based nanocomposites as luminescent tags for cellulosic materials. 24274574 2 29 theme chitosan-ZnO 204:215 arg1 nanospheres 217:227 The synthesized chitosan-ZnO nanospheres 188:227 The synthesized chitosan-ZnO nanospheres (CS-ZnO NS) 188:239 The synthesized chitosan-ZnO nanospheres (CS-ZnO NS), chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid quantum dots (CS-ZnO-oleic QD) and chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid:Eu(3+) doped nanorods (CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) NR) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. 24274574 2 29 theme chitosan-ZnO 204:215 arg1 NS 237:238 CS-ZnO NS 230:238 CS-ZnO NS 230:238 The synthesized chitosan-ZnO nanospheres (CS-ZnO NS), chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid quantum dots (CS-ZnO-oleic QD) and chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid:Eu(3+) doped nanorods (CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) NR) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. 24274574 2 30 theme quantum 266:272 arg1 dots 274:277 chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid quantum dots 242:277 chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid quantum dots (CS-ZnO-oleic QD) 242:295 The synthesized chitosan-ZnO nanospheres (CS-ZnO NS), chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid quantum dots (CS-ZnO-oleic QD) and chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid:Eu(3+) doped nanorods (CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) NR) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. 24274574 2 30 theme quantum 266:272 arg1 QD 293:294 CS-ZnO-oleic QD 280:294 CS-ZnO-oleic QD 280:294 The synthesized chitosan-ZnO nanospheres (CS-ZnO NS), chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid quantum dots (CS-ZnO-oleic QD) and chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid:Eu(3+) doped nanorods (CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) NR) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. 24274574 4 31 theme colorimetric 666:677 arg1 values 679:684 The colorimetric values 662:684 The colorimetric values of the printed CS-ZnO-oleic acid and CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) 662:741 The colorimetric values of the printed CS-ZnO-oleic acid and CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) showed that printing caused slightly change in color values. 24274574 2 32 theme synthesized 192:202 arg1 nanospheres 217:227 The synthesized chitosan-ZnO nanospheres 188:227 The synthesized chitosan-ZnO nanospheres (CS-ZnO NS) 188:239 The synthesized chitosan-ZnO nanospheres (CS-ZnO NS), chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid quantum dots (CS-ZnO-oleic QD) and chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid:Eu(3+) doped nanorods (CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) NR) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. 24274574 2 32 theme synthesized 192:202 arg1 NS 237:238 CS-ZnO NS 230:238 CS-ZnO NS 230:238 The synthesized chitosan-ZnO nanospheres (CS-ZnO NS), chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid quantum dots (CS-ZnO-oleic QD) and chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid:Eu(3+) doped nanorods (CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) NR) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. 24274574 2 33 theme acid 261:264 arg1 dots 274:277 chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid quantum dots 242:277 chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid quantum dots (CS-ZnO-oleic QD) 242:295 The synthesized chitosan-ZnO nanospheres (CS-ZnO NS), chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid quantum dots (CS-ZnO-oleic QD) and chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid:Eu(3+) doped nanorods (CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) NR) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. 24274574 2 33 theme acid 261:264 arg1 QD 293:294 CS-ZnO-oleic QD 280:294 CS-ZnO-oleic QD 280:294 The synthesized chitosan-ZnO nanospheres (CS-ZnO NS), chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid quantum dots (CS-ZnO-oleic QD) and chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid:Eu(3+) doped nanorods (CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) NR) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. 24274574 5 34 theme color 844:848 arg1 values 850:855 color values 844:855 color values of the printed surface 844:878 Scanning electron microscopy images and color values of the printed surface showed that CS-ZnO-oleic QD and highly luminescence CS-ZnO-olic:Eu(3+) NR are suitable for use as a printed security feature. 24274574 2 35 theme FTIR 445:448 arg1 spectroscopy 450:461 FTIR spectroscopy 445:461 FTIR spectroscopy 445:461 The synthesized chitosan-ZnO nanospheres (CS-ZnO NS), chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid quantum dots (CS-ZnO-oleic QD) and chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid:Eu(3+) doped nanorods (CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) NR) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. 24274574 3 36 theme screen 635:640 arg1 technique 651:659 screen printing technique 635:659 screen printing technique 635:659 The prepared luminescent CS-ZnO composites were used in printing paste and applied to different types of papers and textiles by using screen printing technique. 24274574 2 37 theme chitosan-ZnO-oleic 242:259 arg1 dots 274:277 chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid quantum dots 242:277 chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid quantum dots (CS-ZnO-oleic QD) 242:295 The synthesized chitosan-ZnO nanospheres (CS-ZnO NS), chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid quantum dots (CS-ZnO-oleic QD) and chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid:Eu(3+) doped nanorods (CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) NR) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. 24274574 2 37 theme chitosan-ZnO-oleic 242:259 arg1 QD 293:294 CS-ZnO-oleic QD 280:294 CS-ZnO-oleic QD 280:294 The synthesized chitosan-ZnO nanospheres (CS-ZnO NS), chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid quantum dots (CS-ZnO-oleic QD) and chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid:Eu(3+) doped nanorods (CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) NR) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. 24274574 5 38 theme QD 905:906 arg1 NR 951:952 CS-ZnO-oleic QD and highly luminescence CS-ZnO-olic:Eu(3+) NR 892:952 CS-ZnO-oleic QD and highly luminescence CS-ZnO-olic:Eu(3+) NR 892:952 Scanning electron microscopy images and color values of the printed surface showed that CS-ZnO-oleic QD and highly luminescence CS-ZnO-olic:Eu(3+) NR are suitable for use as a printed security feature. 24274574 3 39 theme different 587:595 arg1 types 597:601 different types 587:601 different types of papers and textiles 587:624 The prepared luminescent CS-ZnO composites were used in printing paste and applied to different types of papers and textiles by using screen printing technique. 24274574 2 40 dep CS-ZnO-oleic 348:359 arg1 NR 368:369 Eu(3+) NR 361:369 CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) NR 348:369 The synthesized chitosan-ZnO nanospheres (CS-ZnO NS), chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid quantum dots (CS-ZnO-oleic QD) and chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid:Eu(3+) doped nanorods (CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) NR) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. 24274574 4 41 theme acid 714:717 arg1 values 679:684 The colorimetric values 662:684 The colorimetric values of the printed CS-ZnO-oleic acid and CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) 662:741 The colorimetric values of the printed CS-ZnO-oleic acid and CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) showed that printing caused slightly change in color values. 24274574 5 42 theme printed 864:870 arg1 surface 872:878 the printed surface 860:878 the printed surface 860:878 Scanning electron microscopy images and color values of the printed surface showed that CS-ZnO-oleic QD and highly luminescence CS-ZnO-olic:Eu(3+) NR are suitable for use as a printed security feature. 24274574 3 43 theme textiles 617:624 arg1 types 597:601 different types 587:601 different types of papers and textiles 587:624 The prepared luminescent CS-ZnO composites were used in printing paste and applied to different types of papers and textiles by using screen printing technique. 24274574 5 44 theme printed 980:986 arg1 feature 997:1003 a printed security feature 978:1003 a printed security feature 978:1003 Scanning electron microscopy images and color values of the printed surface showed that CS-ZnO-oleic QD and highly luminescence CS-ZnO-olic:Eu(3+) NR are suitable for use as a printed security feature. 24274574 1 45 theme luminescent 141:151 arg1 composites 105:114 Novel chitosan-ZnO composites 86:114 Novel chitosan-ZnO composites 86:114 Novel chitosan-ZnO composites have been synthesized as luminescent taggants for cellulosic materials. 24274574 1 45 theme luminescent 141:151 arg1 taggants 153:160 luminescent taggants 141:160 luminescent taggants for cellulosic materials 141:185 Novel chitosan-ZnO composites have been synthesized as luminescent taggants for cellulosic materials. 24274574 3 46 theme printing 557:564 arg1 paste 566:570 printing paste 557:570 printing paste 557:570 The prepared luminescent CS-ZnO composites were used in printing paste and applied to different types of papers and textiles by using screen printing technique. 24274574 2 47 theme CS-ZnO 230:235 arg1 nanospheres 217:227 The synthesized chitosan-ZnO nanospheres 188:227 The synthesized chitosan-ZnO nanospheres (CS-ZnO NS) 188:239 The synthesized chitosan-ZnO nanospheres (CS-ZnO NS), chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid quantum dots (CS-ZnO-oleic QD) and chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid:Eu(3+) doped nanorods (CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) NR) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. 24274574 2 47 theme CS-ZnO 230:235 arg1 NS 237:238 CS-ZnO NS 230:238 CS-ZnO NS 230:238 The synthesized chitosan-ZnO nanospheres (CS-ZnO NS), chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid quantum dots (CS-ZnO-oleic QD) and chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid:Eu(3+) doped nanorods (CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) NR) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. 24274574 2 48 theme CS-ZnO-oleic 280:291 arg1 dots 274:277 chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid quantum dots 242:277 chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid quantum dots (CS-ZnO-oleic QD) 242:295 The synthesized chitosan-ZnO nanospheres (CS-ZnO NS), chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid quantum dots (CS-ZnO-oleic QD) and chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid:Eu(3+) doped nanorods (CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) NR) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. 24274574 2 48 theme CS-ZnO-oleic 280:291 arg1 QD 293:294 CS-ZnO-oleic QD 280:294 CS-ZnO-oleic QD 280:294 The synthesized chitosan-ZnO nanospheres (CS-ZnO NS), chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid quantum dots (CS-ZnO-oleic QD) and chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid:Eu(3+) doped nanorods (CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) NR) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. 24274574 1 49 theme cellulosic 166:175 arg1 materials 177:185 cellulosic materials 166:185 cellulosic materials 166:185 Novel chitosan-ZnO composites have been synthesized as luminescent taggants for cellulosic materials. 24274574 2 50 theme doped 332:336 arg1 nanorods 338:345 Eu(3+) doped nanorods 325:345 Eu(3+) doped nanorods (CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) NR) 325:370 The synthesized chitosan-ZnO nanospheres (CS-ZnO NS), chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid quantum dots (CS-ZnO-oleic QD) and chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid:Eu(3+) doped nanorods (CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) NR) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. 24274574 2 50 theme doped 332:336 arg1 CS-ZnO-oleic 348:359 CS-ZnO-oleic 348:359 CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) NR 348:369 The synthesized chitosan-ZnO nanospheres (CS-ZnO NS), chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid quantum dots (CS-ZnO-oleic QD) and chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid:Eu(3+) doped nanorods (CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) NR) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. 24274574 3 51 theme papers 606:611 arg1 types 597:601 different types 587:601 different types of papers and textiles 587:624 The prepared luminescent CS-ZnO composites were used in printing paste and applied to different types of papers and textiles by using screen printing technique. 24274574 5 52 theme microscopy 822:831 arg1 images 833:838 Scanning electron microscopy images 804:838 Scanning electron microscopy images 804:838 Scanning electron microscopy images and color values of the printed surface showed that CS-ZnO-oleic QD and highly luminescence CS-ZnO-olic:Eu(3+) NR are suitable for use as a printed security feature. 24274574 3 53 theme luminescent 514:524 arg1 composites 533:542 The prepared luminescent CS-ZnO composites 501:542 The prepared luminescent CS-ZnO composites 501:542 The prepared luminescent CS-ZnO composites were used in printing paste and applied to different types of papers and textiles by using screen printing technique. 24274574 0 54 theme cellulosic 64:73 arg1 materials 75:83 cellulosic materials 64:83 cellulosic materials 64:83 Novel chitosan-ZnO based nanocomposites as luminescent tags for cellulosic materials. 24274574 4 55 from change 780:785 arg1 values 796:801 color values 790:801 color values 790:801 The colorimetric values of the printed CS-ZnO-oleic acid and CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) showed that printing caused slightly change in color values. 24274574 2 56 theme Eu 361:362 arg1 NR 368:369 Eu(3+) NR 361:369 CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) NR 348:369 The synthesized chitosan-ZnO nanospheres (CS-ZnO NS), chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid quantum dots (CS-ZnO-oleic QD) and chitosan-ZnO-oleic acid:Eu(3+) doped nanorods (CS-ZnO-oleic:Eu(3+) NR) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. 25973610 9 0 theme fibre 1670:1674 arg1 methoxylation 1645:1657 methoxylation 1645:1657 methoxylation of dietary fibre 1645:1674 In conclusion, by tailoring the viscosity and possibly also the degree of methoxylation of dietary fibre, metabolic effects may be optimized, through a targeted modulation of the gut microbiota and its metabolites. 25973610 6 1 theme effective 1215:1223 arg1 preparation 1225:1235 the most effective preparation 1206:1235 the most effective preparation for prevention of diet-induced hyperlipidaemia and liver steatosis 1206:1302 The medium viscosity guar gum was the most effective preparation for prevention of diet-induced hyperlipidaemia and liver steatosis. 25973610 6 1 theme effective 1215:1223 arg1 gum 1198:1200 The medium viscosity guar gum 1172:1200 The medium viscosity guar gum 1172:1200 The medium viscosity guar gum was the most effective preparation for prevention of diet-induced hyperlipidaemia and liver steatosis. 25973610 9 2 theme metabolic 1677:1685 arg1 effects 1687:1693 metabolic effects 1677:1693 metabolic effects 1677:1693 In conclusion, by tailoring the viscosity and possibly also the degree of methoxylation of dietary fibre, metabolic effects may be optimized, through a targeted modulation of the gut microbiota and its metabolites. 25973610 8 3 theme independent 1484:1494 arg1 effects 1476:1482 distinct bifidogenic effects 1455:1482 distinct bifidogenic effects independent of viscosity 1455:1507 Moreover, guar gum had distinct bifidogenic effects independent of viscosity, increasing the caecal abundance of Bifidobacterium ten-fold. 25973610 1 4 theme dietary 260:266 arg1 pectin 289:294 pectin 289:294 pectin 289:294 The aim of this study was to investigate how physico-chemical properties of two dietary fibres, guar gum and pectin, affected weight gain, adiposity, lipid metabolism, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles and the gut microbiota in male Wistar rats fed either low- or high-fat diets for three weeks. 25973610 1 4 theme dietary 260:266 arg1 fibres 268:273 two dietary fibres 256:273 two dietary fibres 256:273 The aim of this study was to investigate how physico-chemical properties of two dietary fibres, guar gum and pectin, affected weight gain, adiposity, lipid metabolism, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles and the gut microbiota in male Wistar rats fed either low- or high-fat diets for three weeks. 25973610 1 4 theme dietary 260:266 arg1 gum 281:283 guar gum 276:283 guar gum 276:283 The aim of this study was to investigate how physico-chemical properties of two dietary fibres, guar gum and pectin, affected weight gain, adiposity, lipid metabolism, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles and the gut microbiota in male Wistar rats fed either low- or high-fat diets for three weeks. 25973610 2 5 theme blood 552:556 arg1 levels 566:571 blood glucose levels 552:571 blood glucose levels 552:571 Both pectin and guar gum reduced weight gain, adiposity, liver fat and blood glucose levels in rats fed a high-fat diet. 25973610 3 6 from effects 727:733 arg1 rats 742:745 the rats 738:745 the rats 738:745 Methoxylation degree of pectin (low, LM and high (HM)) and viscosity of guar gum (low, medium or high) resulted in different effects in the rats, where total blood and caecal amounts of SCFA were increased with guar gum (all viscosities) and with high methoxylated (HM) pectin. 25973610 3 7 theme pectin 626:631 arg1 degree 616:621 Methoxylation degree 602:621 Methoxylation degree of pectin (low, LM and high (HM)) and viscosity of guar gum (low, medium or high) 602:703 Methoxylation degree of pectin (low, LM and high (HM)) and viscosity of guar gum (low, medium or high) resulted in different effects in the rats, where total blood and caecal amounts of SCFA were increased with guar gum (all viscosities) and with high methoxylated (HM) pectin. 25973610 1 8 theme male 413:416 arg1 rats 425:428 male Wistar rats 413:428 male Wistar rats fed either low- or high-fat diets for three weeks 413:478 The aim of this study was to investigate how physico-chemical properties of two dietary fibres, guar gum and pectin, affected weight gain, adiposity, lipid metabolism, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles and the gut microbiota in male Wistar rats fed either low- or high-fat diets for three weeks. 25973610 8 9 theme viscosity 1499:1507 arg1 independent 1484:1494 independent 1484:1494 independent 1484:1494 Moreover, guar gum had distinct bifidogenic effects independent of viscosity, increasing the caecal abundance of Bifidobacterium ten-fold. 25973610 3 10 theme methoxylated 854:865 arg1 pectin 872:877 high methoxylated (HM) pectin 849:877 high methoxylated (HM) pectin 849:877 Methoxylation degree of pectin (low, LM and high (HM)) and viscosity of guar gum (low, medium or high) resulted in different effects in the rats, where total blood and caecal amounts of SCFA were increased with guar gum (all viscosities) and with high methoxylated (HM) pectin. 25973610 4 11 theme guar 894:897 arg1 gum 899:901 only guar gum 889:901 only guar gum with medium and high viscosity 889:932 However, only guar gum with medium and high viscosity increased the levels of butyric acid in caecum and blood. 25973610 0 12 theme microbiota 120:129 arg1 composition 131:141 gut microbiota composition 116:141 gut microbiota composition 116:141 The physico-chemical properties of dietary fibre determine metabolic responses, short-chain Fatty Acid profiles and gut microbiota composition in rats fed low- and high-fat diets. 25973610 3 13 dep viscosity 661:669 arg1 low 684:686 low 684:686 low 684:686 Methoxylation degree of pectin (low, LM and high (HM)) and viscosity of guar gum (low, medium or high) resulted in different effects in the rats, where total blood and caecal amounts of SCFA were increased with guar gum (all viscosities) and with high methoxylated (HM) pectin. 25973610 3 13 dep viscosity 661:669 arg1 high 699:702 high 699:702 high 699:702 Methoxylation degree of pectin (low, LM and high (HM)) and viscosity of guar gum (low, medium or high) resulted in different effects in the rats, where total blood and caecal amounts of SCFA were increased with guar gum (all viscosities) and with high methoxylated (HM) pectin. 25973610 3 13 dep viscosity 661:669 arg1 medium 689:694 medium 689:694 medium 689:694 Methoxylation degree of pectin (low, LM and high (HM)) and viscosity of guar gum (low, medium or high) resulted in different effects in the rats, where total blood and caecal amounts of SCFA were increased with guar gum (all viscosities) and with high methoxylated (HM) pectin. 25973610 6 14 theme liver 1288:1292 arg1 steatosis 1294:1302 liver steatosis 1288:1302 liver steatosis 1288:1302 The medium viscosity guar gum was the most effective preparation for prevention of diet-induced hyperlipidaemia and liver steatosis. 25973610 8 15 theme bifidogenic 1464:1474 arg1 effects 1476:1482 distinct bifidogenic effects 1455:1482 distinct bifidogenic effects independent of viscosity 1455:1507 Moreover, guar gum had distinct bifidogenic effects independent of viscosity, increasing the caecal abundance of Bifidobacterium ten-fold. 25973610 9 16 theme targeted 1723:1730 arg1 modulation 1732:1741 a targeted modulation 1721:1741 a targeted modulation of the gut microbiota 1721:1763 In conclusion, by tailoring the viscosity and possibly also the degree of methoxylation of dietary fibre, metabolic effects may be optimized, through a targeted modulation of the gut microbiota and its metabolites. 25973610 1 17 theme acid 366:369 arg1 profiles 378:385 short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles 348:385 short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles 348:385 The aim of this study was to investigate how physico-chemical properties of two dietary fibres, guar gum and pectin, affected weight gain, adiposity, lipid metabolism, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles and the gut microbiota in male Wistar rats fed either low- or high-fat diets for three weeks. 25973610 2 18 theme weight 514:519 arg1 gain 521:524 weight gain 514:524 weight gain 514:524 Both pectin and guar gum reduced weight gain, adiposity, liver fat and blood glucose levels in rats fed a high-fat diet. 25973610 4 19 theme acid 966:969 arg1 levels 948:953 the levels 944:953 the levels of butyric acid in caecum and blood 944:989 However, only guar gum with medium and high viscosity increased the levels of butyric acid in caecum and blood. 25973610 2 20 from levels 566:571 arg1 rats 576:579 rats 576:579 rats fed a high-fat diet 576:599 Both pectin and guar gum reduced weight gain, adiposity, liver fat and blood glucose levels in rats fed a high-fat diet. 25973610 9 21 theme gut 1750:1752 arg1 microbiota 1754:1763 the gut microbiota 1746:1763 the gut microbiota 1746:1763 In conclusion, by tailoring the viscosity and possibly also the degree of methoxylation of dietary fibre, metabolic effects may be optimized, through a targeted modulation of the gut microbiota and its metabolites. 25973610 5 22 theme blood 1058:1062 arg1 levels 1072:1077 blood glucose levels 1058:1077 blood glucose levels 1058:1077 Both pectin and guar gum reduced cholesterol, liver steatosis and blood glucose levels, but to varying extent depending on the degree of methoxylation and viscosity of the fibres. 25973610 3 23 theme guar 674:677 arg1 gum 679:681 guar gum 674:681 guar gum 674:681 Methoxylation degree of pectin (low, LM and high (HM)) and viscosity of guar gum (low, medium or high) resulted in different effects in the rats, where total blood and caecal amounts of SCFA were increased with guar gum (all viscosities) and with high methoxylated (HM) pectin. 25973610 7 24 theme HM 1382:1383 arg1 pectin 1385:1390 HM pectin 1382:1390 HM pectin 1382:1390 Caecal abundance of Akkermansia was increased with high-fat feeding and with HM pectin and guar gum of all viscosities tested. 25973610 3 25 theme viscosity 661:669 arg1 degree 616:621 Methoxylation degree 602:621 Methoxylation degree of pectin (low, LM and high (HM)) and viscosity of guar gum (low, medium or high) 602:703 Methoxylation degree of pectin (low, LM and high (HM)) and viscosity of guar gum (low, medium or high) resulted in different effects in the rats, where total blood and caecal amounts of SCFA were increased with guar gum (all viscosities) and with high methoxylated (HM) pectin. 25973610 1 26 theme weight 306:311 arg1 gain 313:316 weight gain 306:316 weight gain 306:316 The aim of this study was to investigate how physico-chemical properties of two dietary fibres, guar gum and pectin, affected weight gain, adiposity, lipid metabolism, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles and the gut microbiota in male Wistar rats fed either low- or high-fat diets for three weeks. 25973610 2 27 theme guar 497:500 arg1 gum 502:504 guar gum 497:504 guar gum 497:504 Both pectin and guar gum reduced weight gain, adiposity, liver fat and blood glucose levels in rats fed a high-fat diet. 25973610 0 28 theme short-chain 80:90 arg1 profiles 103:110 short-chain Fatty Acid profiles 80:110 short-chain Fatty Acid profiles 80:110 The physico-chemical properties of dietary fibre determine metabolic responses, short-chain Fatty Acid profiles and gut microbiota composition in rats fed low- and high-fat diets. 25973610 7 29 theme high-fat 1356:1363 arg1 feeding 1365:1371 high-fat feeding 1356:1371 high-fat feeding 1356:1371 Caecal abundance of Akkermansia was increased with high-fat feeding and with HM pectin and guar gum of all viscosities tested. 25973610 0 30 theme Acid 98:101 arg1 profiles 103:110 short-chain Fatty Acid profiles 80:110 short-chain Fatty Acid profiles 80:110 The physico-chemical properties of dietary fibre determine metabolic responses, short-chain Fatty Acid profiles and gut microbiota composition in rats fed low- and high-fat diets. 25973610 3 31 theme HM 868:869 arg1 pectin 872:877 high methoxylated (HM) pectin 849:877 high methoxylated (HM) pectin 849:877 Methoxylation degree of pectin (low, LM and high (HM)) and viscosity of guar gum (low, medium or high) resulted in different effects in the rats, where total blood and caecal amounts of SCFA were increased with guar gum (all viscosities) and with high methoxylated (HM) pectin. 25973610 2 32 theme glucose 558:564 arg1 levels 566:571 blood glucose levels 552:571 blood glucose levels 552:571 Both pectin and guar gum reduced weight gain, adiposity, liver fat and blood glucose levels in rats fed a high-fat diet. 25973610 0 33 theme fibre 43:47 arg1 properties 21:30 The physico-chemical properties 0:30 The physico-chemical properties of dietary fibre 0:47 The physico-chemical properties of dietary fibre determine metabolic responses, short-chain Fatty Acid profiles and gut microbiota composition in rats fed low- and high-fat diets. 25973610 2 34 theme high-fat 587:594 arg1 diet 596:599 a high-fat diet 585:599 a high-fat diet 585:599 Both pectin and guar gum reduced weight gain, adiposity, liver fat and blood glucose levels in rats fed a high-fat diet. 25973610 1 35 theme fibres 268:273 arg1 properties 242:251 physico-chemical properties 225:251 physico-chemical properties of two dietary fibres, guar gum and pectin, 225:295 The aim of this study was to investigate how physico-chemical properties of two dietary fibres, guar gum and pectin, affected weight gain, adiposity, lipid metabolism, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles and the gut microbiota in male Wistar rats fed either low- or high-fat diets for three weeks. 25973610 2 36 from gain 521:524 arg1 rats 576:579 rats 576:579 rats fed a high-fat diet 576:599 Both pectin and guar gum reduced weight gain, adiposity, liver fat and blood glucose levels in rats fed a high-fat diet. 25973610 6 37 theme guar 1193:1196 arg1 preparation 1225:1235 the most effective preparation 1206:1235 the most effective preparation for prevention of diet-induced hyperlipidaemia and liver steatosis 1206:1302 The medium viscosity guar gum was the most effective preparation for prevention of diet-induced hyperlipidaemia and liver steatosis. 25973610 6 37 theme guar 1193:1196 arg1 gum 1198:1200 The medium viscosity guar gum 1172:1200 The medium viscosity guar gum 1172:1200 The medium viscosity guar gum was the most effective preparation for prevention of diet-induced hyperlipidaemia and liver steatosis. 25973610 1 38 theme guar 276:279 arg1 fibres 268:273 two dietary fibres 256:273 two dietary fibres 256:273 The aim of this study was to investigate how physico-chemical properties of two dietary fibres, guar gum and pectin, affected weight gain, adiposity, lipid metabolism, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles and the gut microbiota in male Wistar rats fed either low- or high-fat diets for three weeks. 25973610 1 38 theme guar 276:279 arg1 gum 281:283 guar gum 276:283 guar gum 276:283 The aim of this study was to investigate how physico-chemical properties of two dietary fibres, guar gum and pectin, affected weight gain, adiposity, lipid metabolism, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles and the gut microbiota in male Wistar rats fed either low- or high-fat diets for three weeks. 25973610 4 39 from blood 985:989 arg1 levels 948:953 the levels 944:953 the levels of butyric acid in caecum and blood 944:989 However, only guar gum with medium and high viscosity increased the levels of butyric acid in caecum and blood. 25973610 3 40 theme total 754:758 arg1 blood 760:764 total blood 754:764 total blood 754:764 Methoxylation degree of pectin (low, LM and high (HM)) and viscosity of guar gum (low, medium or high) resulted in different effects in the rats, where total blood and caecal amounts of SCFA were increased with guar gum (all viscosities) and with high methoxylated (HM) pectin. 25973610 2 41 from adiposity 527:535 arg1 rats 576:579 rats 576:579 rats fed a high-fat diet 576:599 Both pectin and guar gum reduced weight gain, adiposity, liver fat and blood glucose levels in rats fed a high-fat diet. 25973610 5 42 theme varying 1087:1093 arg1 extent 1095:1100 varying extent 1087:1100 varying extent 1087:1100 Both pectin and guar gum reduced cholesterol, liver steatosis and blood glucose levels, but to varying extent depending on the degree of methoxylation and viscosity of the fibres. 25973610 1 43 from adiposity 319:327 arg1 rats 425:428 male Wistar rats 413:428 male Wistar rats fed either low- or high-fat diets for three weeks 413:478 The aim of this study was to investigate how physico-chemical properties of two dietary fibres, guar gum and pectin, affected weight gain, adiposity, lipid metabolism, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles and the gut microbiota in male Wistar rats fed either low- or high-fat diets for three weeks. 25973610 3 44 dep pectin 626:631 arg1 high 646:649 high 646:649 high 646:649 Methoxylation degree of pectin (low, LM and high (HM)) and viscosity of guar gum (low, medium or high) resulted in different effects in the rats, where total blood and caecal amounts of SCFA were increased with guar gum (all viscosities) and with high methoxylated (HM) pectin. 25973610 3 44 dep pectin 626:631 arg1 LM 639:640 LM 639:640 LM 639:640 Methoxylation degree of pectin (low, LM and high (HM)) and viscosity of guar gum (low, medium or high) resulted in different effects in the rats, where total blood and caecal amounts of SCFA were increased with guar gum (all viscosities) and with high methoxylated (HM) pectin. 25973610 3 44 dep pectin 626:631 arg1 low 634:636 low 634:636 low 634:636 Methoxylation degree of pectin (low, LM and high (HM)) and viscosity of guar gum (low, medium or high) resulted in different effects in the rats, where total blood and caecal amounts of SCFA were increased with guar gum (all viscosities) and with high methoxylated (HM) pectin. 25973610 3 44 dep pectin 626:631 arg1 HM 652:653 HM 652:653 HM 652:653 Methoxylation degree of pectin (low, LM and high (HM)) and viscosity of guar gum (low, medium or high) resulted in different effects in the rats, where total blood and caecal amounts of SCFA were increased with guar gum (all viscosities) and with high methoxylated (HM) pectin. 25973610 6 45 theme medium 1176:1181 arg1 preparation 1225:1235 the most effective preparation 1206:1235 the most effective preparation for prevention of diet-induced hyperlipidaemia and liver steatosis 1206:1302 The medium viscosity guar gum was the most effective preparation for prevention of diet-induced hyperlipidaemia and liver steatosis. 25973610 6 45 theme medium 1176:1181 arg1 gum 1198:1200 The medium viscosity guar gum 1172:1200 The medium viscosity guar gum 1172:1200 The medium viscosity guar gum was the most effective preparation for prevention of diet-induced hyperlipidaemia and liver steatosis. 25973610 7 46 theme Caecal 1305:1310 arg1 abundance 1312:1320 Caecal abundance 1305:1320 Caecal abundance of Akkermansia 1305:1335 Caecal abundance of Akkermansia was increased with high-fat feeding and with HM pectin and guar gum of all viscosities tested. 25973610 4 47 from caecum 974:979 arg1 levels 948:953 the levels 944:953 the levels of butyric acid in caecum and blood 944:989 However, only guar gum with medium and high viscosity increased the levels of butyric acid in caecum and blood. 25973610 3 48 theme SCFA 788:791 arg1 SCFA 788:791 SCFA 788:791 SCFA 788:791 Methoxylation degree of pectin (low, LM and high (HM)) and viscosity of guar gum (low, medium or high) resulted in different effects in the rats, where total blood and caecal amounts of SCFA were increased with guar gum (all viscosities) and with high methoxylated (HM) pectin. 25973610 3 48 theme SCFA 788:791 arg1 blood 760:764 total blood 754:764 total blood 754:764 Methoxylation degree of pectin (low, LM and high (HM)) and viscosity of guar gum (low, medium or high) resulted in different effects in the rats, where total blood and caecal amounts of SCFA were increased with guar gum (all viscosities) and with high methoxylated (HM) pectin. 25973610 3 48 theme SCFA 788:791 arg1 amounts 777:783 caecal amounts 770:783 caecal amounts of SCFA 770:791 Methoxylation degree of pectin (low, LM and high (HM)) and viscosity of guar gum (low, medium or high) resulted in different effects in the rats, where total blood and caecal amounts of SCFA were increased with guar gum (all viscosities) and with high methoxylated (HM) pectin. 25973610 1 49 theme low- 441:444 arg1 diets 458:462 either low- or high-fat diets 434:462 either low- or high-fat diets for three weeks 434:478 The aim of this study was to investigate how physico-chemical properties of two dietary fibres, guar gum and pectin, affected weight gain, adiposity, lipid metabolism, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles and the gut microbiota in male Wistar rats fed either low- or high-fat diets for three weeks. 25973610 1 50 from gain 313:316 arg1 rats 425:428 male Wistar rats 413:428 male Wistar rats fed either low- or high-fat diets for three weeks 413:478 The aim of this study was to investigate how physico-chemical properties of two dietary fibres, guar gum and pectin, affected weight gain, adiposity, lipid metabolism, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles and the gut microbiota in male Wistar rats fed either low- or high-fat diets for three weeks. 25973610 4 51 from acid 966:969 arg1 blood 985:989 blood 985:989 blood 985:989 However, only guar gum with medium and high viscosity increased the levels of butyric acid in caecum and blood. 25973610 4 51 from acid 966:969 arg1 caecum 974:979 caecum 974:979 caecum 974:979 However, only guar gum with medium and high viscosity increased the levels of butyric acid in caecum and blood. 25973610 5 52 theme fibres 1164:1169 arg1 methoxylation 1129:1141 methoxylation 1129:1141 methoxylation 1129:1141 Both pectin and guar gum reduced cholesterol, liver steatosis and blood glucose levels, but to varying extent depending on the degree of methoxylation and viscosity of the fibres. 25973610 5 52 theme fibres 1164:1169 arg1 viscosity 1147:1155 viscosity 1147:1155 viscosity 1147:1155 Both pectin and guar gum reduced cholesterol, liver steatosis and blood glucose levels, but to varying extent depending on the degree of methoxylation and viscosity of the fibres. 25973610 6 53 theme diet-induced 1255:1266 arg1 hyperlipidaemia 1268:1282 diet-induced hyperlipidaemia 1255:1282 diet-induced hyperlipidaemia 1255:1282 The medium viscosity guar gum was the most effective preparation for prevention of diet-induced hyperlipidaemia and liver steatosis. 25973610 3 54 theme guar 813:816 arg1 viscosities 827:837 all viscosities 823:837 all viscosities 823:837 Methoxylation degree of pectin (low, LM and high (HM)) and viscosity of guar gum (low, medium or high) resulted in different effects in the rats, where total blood and caecal amounts of SCFA were increased with guar gum (all viscosities) and with high methoxylated (HM) pectin. 25973610 3 54 theme guar 813:816 arg1 gum 818:820 guar gum 813:820 guar gum (all viscosities) 813:838 Methoxylation degree of pectin (low, LM and high (HM)) and viscosity of guar gum (low, medium or high) resulted in different effects in the rats, where total blood and caecal amounts of SCFA were increased with guar gum (all viscosities) and with high methoxylated (HM) pectin. 25973610 4 55 theme only 889:892 arg1 gum 899:901 only guar gum 889:901 only guar gum with medium and high viscosity 889:932 However, only guar gum with medium and high viscosity increased the levels of butyric acid in caecum and blood. 25973610 3 56 theme Methoxylation 602:614 arg1 degree 616:621 Methoxylation degree 602:621 Methoxylation degree of pectin (low, LM and high (HM)) and viscosity of guar gum (low, medium or high) 602:703 Methoxylation degree of pectin (low, LM and high (HM)) and viscosity of guar gum (low, medium or high) resulted in different effects in the rats, where total blood and caecal amounts of SCFA were increased with guar gum (all viscosities) and with high methoxylated (HM) pectin. 25973610 1 57 theme gut 395:397 arg1 microbiota 399:408 the gut microbiota 391:408 the gut microbiota 391:408 The aim of this study was to investigate how physico-chemical properties of two dietary fibres, guar gum and pectin, affected weight gain, adiposity, lipid metabolism, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles and the gut microbiota in male Wistar rats fed either low- or high-fat diets for three weeks. 25973610 8 58 theme distinct 1455:1462 arg1 effects 1476:1482 distinct bifidogenic effects 1455:1482 distinct bifidogenic effects independent of viscosity 1455:1507 Moreover, guar gum had distinct bifidogenic effects independent of viscosity, increasing the caecal abundance of Bifidobacterium ten-fold. 25973610 4 59 theme high 919:922 arg1 viscosity 924:932 high viscosity 919:932 high viscosity 919:932 However, only guar gum with medium and high viscosity increased the levels of butyric acid in caecum and blood. 25973610 3 60 theme high 849:852 arg1 pectin 872:877 high methoxylated (HM) pectin 849:877 high methoxylated (HM) pectin 849:877 Methoxylation degree of pectin (low, LM and high (HM)) and viscosity of guar gum (low, medium or high) resulted in different effects in the rats, where total blood and caecal amounts of SCFA were increased with guar gum (all viscosities) and with high methoxylated (HM) pectin. 25973610 1 61 theme Wistar 418:423 arg1 rats 425:428 male Wistar rats 413:428 male Wistar rats fed either low- or high-fat diets for three weeks 413:478 The aim of this study was to investigate how physico-chemical properties of two dietary fibres, guar gum and pectin, affected weight gain, adiposity, lipid metabolism, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles and the gut microbiota in male Wistar rats fed either low- or high-fat diets for three weeks. 25973610 7 62 theme viscosities 1412:1422 arg1 pectin 1385:1390 HM pectin 1382:1390 HM pectin 1382:1390 Caecal abundance of Akkermansia was increased with high-fat feeding and with HM pectin and guar gum of all viscosities tested. 25973610 7 62 theme viscosities 1412:1422 arg1 gum 1401:1403 guar gum 1396:1403 guar gum 1396:1403 Caecal abundance of Akkermansia was increased with high-fat feeding and with HM pectin and guar gum of all viscosities tested. 25973610 2 63 theme liver 538:542 arg1 fat 544:546 liver fat 538:546 liver fat 538:546 Both pectin and guar gum reduced weight gain, adiposity, liver fat and blood glucose levels in rats fed a high-fat diet. 25973610 6 64 theme steatosis 1294:1302 arg1 prevention 1241:1250 prevention 1241:1250 prevention of diet-induced hyperlipidaemia and liver steatosis 1241:1302 The medium viscosity guar gum was the most effective preparation for prevention of diet-induced hyperlipidaemia and liver steatosis. 25973610 1 65 theme fatty 360:364 arg1 acid 366:369 short-chain fatty acid 348:369 short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles 348:385 The aim of this study was to investigate how physico-chemical properties of two dietary fibres, guar gum and pectin, affected weight gain, adiposity, lipid metabolism, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles and the gut microbiota in male Wistar rats fed either low- or high-fat diets for three weeks. 25973610 1 65 theme fatty 360:364 arg1 SCFA 372:375 SCFA 372:375 SCFA 372:375 The aim of this study was to investigate how physico-chemical properties of two dietary fibres, guar gum and pectin, affected weight gain, adiposity, lipid metabolism, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles and the gut microbiota in male Wistar rats fed either low- or high-fat diets for three weeks. 25973610 1 66 theme study 196:200 arg1 aim 184:186 The aim 180:186 The aim of this study 180:200 The aim of this study was to investigate how physico-chemical properties of two dietary fibres, guar gum and pectin, affected weight gain, adiposity, lipid metabolism, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles and the gut microbiota in male Wistar rats fed either low- or high-fat diets for three weeks. 25973610 7 67 theme guar 1396:1399 arg1 gum 1401:1403 guar gum 1396:1403 guar gum 1396:1403 Caecal abundance of Akkermansia was increased with high-fat feeding and with HM pectin and guar gum of all viscosities tested. 25973610 0 68 theme low- 155:158 arg1 diets 173:177 low- and high-fat diets 155:177 low- and high-fat diets 155:177 The physico-chemical properties of dietary fibre determine metabolic responses, short-chain Fatty Acid profiles and gut microbiota composition in rats fed low- and high-fat diets. 25973610 8 69 contain had 1451:1453 arg2 effects 1476:1482 distinct bifidogenic effects 1455:1482 distinct bifidogenic effects independent of viscosity 1455:1507 Moreover, guar gum had distinct bifidogenic effects independent of viscosity, increasing the caecal abundance of Bifidobacterium ten-fold. 25973610 8 69 contain had 1451:1453 arg1 gum 1447:1449 guar gum 1442:1449 guar gum 1442:1449 Moreover, guar gum had distinct bifidogenic effects independent of viscosity, increasing the caecal abundance of Bifidobacterium ten-fold. 25973610 0 70 theme high-fat 164:171 arg1 diets 173:177 low- and high-fat diets 155:177 low- and high-fat diets 155:177 The physico-chemical properties of dietary fibre determine metabolic responses, short-chain Fatty Acid profiles and gut microbiota composition in rats fed low- and high-fat diets. 25973610 8 71 theme Bifidobacterium 1545:1559 arg1 abundance 1532:1540 the caecal abundance 1521:1540 the caecal abundance of Bifidobacterium 1521:1559 Moreover, guar gum had distinct bifidogenic effects independent of viscosity, increasing the caecal abundance of Bifidobacterium ten-fold. 25973610 1 72 theme high-fat 449:456 arg1 diets 458:462 either low- or high-fat diets 434:462 either low- or high-fat diets for three weeks 434:478 The aim of this study was to investigate how physico-chemical properties of two dietary fibres, guar gum and pectin, affected weight gain, adiposity, lipid metabolism, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles and the gut microbiota in male Wistar rats fed either low- or high-fat diets for three weeks. 25973610 9 73 theme microbiota 1754:1763 arg1 modulation 1732:1741 a targeted modulation 1721:1741 a targeted modulation of the gut microbiota 1721:1763 In conclusion, by tailoring the viscosity and possibly also the degree of methoxylation of dietary fibre, metabolic effects may be optimized, through a targeted modulation of the gut microbiota and its metabolites. 25973610 9 73 theme microbiota 1754:1763 arg1 metabolites 1773:1783 its metabolites 1769:1783 its metabolites 1769:1783 In conclusion, by tailoring the viscosity and possibly also the degree of methoxylation of dietary fibre, metabolic effects may be optimized, through a targeted modulation of the gut microbiota and its metabolites. 25973610 5 74 theme glucose 1064:1070 arg1 levels 1072:1077 blood glucose levels 1058:1077 blood glucose levels 1058:1077 Both pectin and guar gum reduced cholesterol, liver steatosis and blood glucose levels, but to varying extent depending on the degree of methoxylation and viscosity of the fibres. 25973610 3 75 theme gum 679:681 arg1 viscosity 661:669 viscosity 661:669 viscosity of guar gum (low, medium or high) 661:703 Methoxylation degree of pectin (low, LM and high (HM)) and viscosity of guar gum (low, medium or high) resulted in different effects in the rats, where total blood and caecal amounts of SCFA were increased with guar gum (all viscosities) and with high methoxylated (HM) pectin. 25973610 3 75 theme gum 679:681 arg1 pectin 626:631 pectin 626:631 pectin (low, LM and high (HM)) 626:655 Methoxylation degree of pectin (low, LM and high (HM)) and viscosity of guar gum (low, medium or high) resulted in different effects in the rats, where total blood and caecal amounts of SCFA were increased with guar gum (all viscosities) and with high methoxylated (HM) pectin. 25973610 1 76 from profiles 378:385 arg1 rats 425:428 male Wistar rats 413:428 male Wistar rats fed either low- or high-fat diets for three weeks 413:478 The aim of this study was to investigate how physico-chemical properties of two dietary fibres, guar gum and pectin, affected weight gain, adiposity, lipid metabolism, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles and the gut microbiota in male Wistar rats fed either low- or high-fat diets for three weeks. 25973610 4 77 theme butyric 958:964 arg1 acid 966:969 butyric acid 958:969 butyric acid in caecum and blood 958:989 However, only guar gum with medium and high viscosity increased the levels of butyric acid in caecum and blood. 25973610 0 78 theme Fatty 92:96 arg1 profiles 103:110 short-chain Fatty Acid profiles 80:110 short-chain Fatty Acid profiles 80:110 The physico-chemical properties of dietary fibre determine metabolic responses, short-chain Fatty Acid profiles and gut microbiota composition in rats fed low- and high-fat diets. 25973610 5 79 theme liver 1038:1042 arg1 steatosis 1044:1052 liver steatosis 1038:1052 liver steatosis 1038:1052 Both pectin and guar gum reduced cholesterol, liver steatosis and blood glucose levels, but to varying extent depending on the degree of methoxylation and viscosity of the fibres. 25973610 1 80 theme short-chain 348:358 arg1 acid 366:369 short-chain fatty acid 348:369 short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles 348:385 The aim of this study was to investigate how physico-chemical properties of two dietary fibres, guar gum and pectin, affected weight gain, adiposity, lipid metabolism, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles and the gut microbiota in male Wistar rats fed either low- or high-fat diets for three weeks. 25973610 1 80 theme short-chain 348:358 arg1 SCFA 372:375 SCFA 372:375 SCFA 372:375 The aim of this study was to investigate how physico-chemical properties of two dietary fibres, guar gum and pectin, affected weight gain, adiposity, lipid metabolism, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles and the gut microbiota in male Wistar rats fed either low- or high-fat diets for three weeks. 25973610 3 81 theme different 717:725 arg1 effects 727:733 different effects 717:733 different effects in the rats, where total blood and caecal amounts of SCFA were increased with guar gum (all viscosities) and with high methoxylated (HM) pectin 717:877 Methoxylation degree of pectin (low, LM and high (HM)) and viscosity of guar gum (low, medium or high) resulted in different effects in the rats, where total blood and caecal amounts of SCFA were increased with guar gum (all viscosities) and with high methoxylated (HM) pectin. 25973610 8 82 theme caecal 1525:1530 arg1 abundance 1532:1540 the caecal abundance 1521:1540 the caecal abundance of Bifidobacterium 1521:1559 Moreover, guar gum had distinct bifidogenic effects independent of viscosity, increasing the caecal abundance of Bifidobacterium ten-fold. 25973610 0 83 theme gut 116:118 arg1 composition 131:141 gut microbiota composition 116:141 gut microbiota composition 116:141 The physico-chemical properties of dietary fibre determine metabolic responses, short-chain Fatty Acid profiles and gut microbiota composition in rats fed low- and high-fat diets. 25973610 1 84 theme lipid 330:334 arg1 metabolism 336:345 lipid metabolism 330:345 lipid metabolism 330:345 The aim of this study was to investigate how physico-chemical properties of two dietary fibres, guar gum and pectin, affected weight gain, adiposity, lipid metabolism, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles and the gut microbiota in male Wistar rats fed either low- or high-fat diets for three weeks. 25973610 9 85 theme methoxylation 1645:1657 arg1 degree 1635:1640 the degree 1631:1640 the degree of methoxylation of dietary fibre 1631:1674 In conclusion, by tailoring the viscosity and possibly also the degree of methoxylation of dietary fibre, metabolic effects may be optimized, through a targeted modulation of the gut microbiota and its metabolites. 25973610 9 85 theme methoxylation 1645:1657 arg1 viscosity 1603:1611 the viscosity 1599:1611 the viscosity 1599:1611 In conclusion, by tailoring the viscosity and possibly also the degree of methoxylation of dietary fibre, metabolic effects may be optimized, through a targeted modulation of the gut microbiota and its metabolites. 25973610 0 86 theme physico-chemical 4:19 arg1 properties 21:30 The physico-chemical properties 0:30 The physico-chemical properties of dietary fibre 0:47 The physico-chemical properties of dietary fibre determine metabolic responses, short-chain Fatty Acid profiles and gut microbiota composition in rats fed low- and high-fat diets. 25973610 3 87 theme caecal 770:775 arg1 SCFA 788:791 SCFA 788:791 SCFA 788:791 Methoxylation degree of pectin (low, LM and high (HM)) and viscosity of guar gum (low, medium or high) resulted in different effects in the rats, where total blood and caecal amounts of SCFA were increased with guar gum (all viscosities) and with high methoxylated (HM) pectin. 25973610 3 87 theme caecal 770:775 arg1 amounts 777:783 caecal amounts 770:783 caecal amounts of SCFA 770:791 Methoxylation degree of pectin (low, LM and high (HM)) and viscosity of guar gum (low, medium or high) resulted in different effects in the rats, where total blood and caecal amounts of SCFA were increased with guar gum (all viscosities) and with high methoxylated (HM) pectin. 25973610 6 88 theme viscosity 1183:1191 arg1 preparation 1225:1235 the most effective preparation 1206:1235 the most effective preparation for prevention of diet-induced hyperlipidaemia and liver steatosis 1206:1302 The medium viscosity guar gum was the most effective preparation for prevention of diet-induced hyperlipidaemia and liver steatosis. 25973610 6 88 theme viscosity 1183:1191 arg1 gum 1198:1200 The medium viscosity guar gum 1172:1200 The medium viscosity guar gum 1172:1200 The medium viscosity guar gum was the most effective preparation for prevention of diet-induced hyperlipidaemia and liver steatosis. 25973610 7 89 theme Akkermansia 1325:1335 arg1 abundance 1312:1320 Caecal abundance 1305:1320 Caecal abundance of Akkermansia 1305:1335 Caecal abundance of Akkermansia was increased with high-fat feeding and with HM pectin and guar gum of all viscosities tested. 25973610 2 90 from fat 544:546 arg1 rats 576:579 rats 576:579 rats fed a high-fat diet 576:599 Both pectin and guar gum reduced weight gain, adiposity, liver fat and blood glucose levels in rats fed a high-fat diet. 25973610 5 91 theme viscosity 1147:1155 arg1 degree 1119:1124 the degree 1115:1124 the degree of methoxylation and viscosity of the fibres 1115:1169 Both pectin and guar gum reduced cholesterol, liver steatosis and blood glucose levels, but to varying extent depending on the degree of methoxylation and viscosity of the fibres. 25973610 0 92 theme metabolic 59:67 arg1 responses 69:77 metabolic responses 59:77 metabolic responses 59:77 The physico-chemical properties of dietary fibre determine metabolic responses, short-chain Fatty Acid profiles and gut microbiota composition in rats fed low- and high-fat diets. 25973610 6 93 theme hyperlipidaemia 1268:1282 arg1 prevention 1241:1250 prevention 1241:1250 prevention of diet-induced hyperlipidaemia and liver steatosis 1241:1302 The medium viscosity guar gum was the most effective preparation for prevention of diet-induced hyperlipidaemia and liver steatosis. 25973610 4 94 with gum 899:901 arg1 medium 908:913 medium 908:913 medium 908:913 However, only guar gum with medium and high viscosity increased the levels of butyric acid in caecum and blood. 25973610 4 94 with gum 899:901 arg1 viscosity 924:932 high viscosity 919:932 high viscosity 919:932 However, only guar gum with medium and high viscosity increased the levels of butyric acid in caecum and blood. 25973610 8 95 theme guar 1442:1445 arg1 gum 1447:1449 guar gum 1442:1449 guar gum 1442:1449 Moreover, guar gum had distinct bifidogenic effects independent of viscosity, increasing the caecal abundance of Bifidobacterium ten-fold. 25973610 5 96 theme guar 1008:1011 arg1 gum 1013:1015 guar gum 1008:1015 guar gum 1008:1015 Both pectin and guar gum reduced cholesterol, liver steatosis and blood glucose levels, but to varying extent depending on the degree of methoxylation and viscosity of the fibres. 25973610 4 97 from levels 948:953 arg1 blood 985:989 blood 985:989 blood 985:989 However, only guar gum with medium and high viscosity increased the levels of butyric acid in caecum and blood. 25973610 4 97 from levels 948:953 arg1 caecum 974:979 caecum 974:979 caecum 974:979 However, only guar gum with medium and high viscosity increased the levels of butyric acid in caecum and blood. 25973610 1 98 from microbiota 399:408 arg1 rats 425:428 male Wistar rats 413:428 male Wistar rats fed either low- or high-fat diets for three weeks 413:478 The aim of this study was to investigate how physico-chemical properties of two dietary fibres, guar gum and pectin, affected weight gain, adiposity, lipid metabolism, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles and the gut microbiota in male Wistar rats fed either low- or high-fat diets for three weeks. 25973610 5 99 theme methoxylation 1129:1141 arg1 degree 1119:1124 the degree 1115:1124 the degree of methoxylation and viscosity of the fibres 1115:1169 Both pectin and guar gum reduced cholesterol, liver steatosis and blood glucose levels, but to varying extent depending on the degree of methoxylation and viscosity of the fibres. 25973610 1 100 from metabolism 336:345 arg1 rats 425:428 male Wistar rats 413:428 male Wistar rats fed either low- or high-fat diets for three weeks 413:478 The aim of this study was to investigate how physico-chemical properties of two dietary fibres, guar gum and pectin, affected weight gain, adiposity, lipid metabolism, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles and the gut microbiota in male Wistar rats fed either low- or high-fat diets for three weeks. 25973610 1 101 theme physico-chemical 225:240 arg1 properties 242:251 physico-chemical properties 225:251 physico-chemical properties of two dietary fibres, guar gum and pectin, 225:295 The aim of this study was to investigate how physico-chemical properties of two dietary fibres, guar gum and pectin, affected weight gain, adiposity, lipid metabolism, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles and the gut microbiota in male Wistar rats fed either low- or high-fat diets for three weeks. 27910785 10 0 with substances 1350:1359 arg1 weight 1382:1387 a low molecular weight 1366:1387 a low molecular weight (<5 kDa) 1366:1396 The main compounds encompass substances with a low molecular weight (<5 kDa), composing about 35% of the whole extract. 27910785 10 0 with substances 1350:1359 arg1 kDa 1393:1395 <5 kDa 1390:1395 <5 kDa 1390:1395 The main compounds encompass substances with a low molecular weight (<5 kDa), composing about 35% of the whole extract. 27910785 11 1 theme cancer 1548:1553 arg1 types 1560:1564 2 different solid cancer cell types 1530:1564 2 different solid cancer cell types 1530:1564 In addition, tumor cell viability studies demonstrate significant cytotoxic potential in 2 different solid cancer cell types for the fraction with a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) and for 1 fraction with a low molecular weight (5-10 kDa). 27910785 6 2 theme hot 936:938 arg1 extracts 952:959 hot water-based extracts 936:959 hot water-based extracts from maitake mushrooms 936:982 Our study focuses on the molecular weight cutoff distribution of β-glucans in hot water-based extracts from maitake mushrooms. 27910785 6 3 from distribution 907:918 arg1 extracts 952:959 hot water-based extracts 936:959 hot water-based extracts from maitake mushrooms 936:982 Our study focuses on the molecular weight cutoff distribution of β-glucans in hot water-based extracts from maitake mushrooms. 27910785 6 3 from distribution 907:918 arg1 mushrooms 974:982 maitake mushrooms 966:982 maitake mushrooms 966:982 Our study focuses on the molecular weight cutoff distribution of β-glucans in hot water-based extracts from maitake mushrooms. 27910785 9 4 theme molecular 1235:1243 arg1 weight 1245:1250 a high molecular weight 1228:1250 a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) 1228:1261 Here we show that only small amounts of β-glucans with a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) could be detected from an aqueous extract of G. frondosa. 27910785 9 4 theme molecular 1235:1243 arg1 kDa 1258:1260 >100 kDa 1253:1260 >100 kDa 1253:1260 Here we show that only small amounts of β-glucans with a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) could be detected from an aqueous extract of G. frondosa. 27910785 2 5 theme Polysaccharide 288:301 arg1 preparations 303:314 Polysaccharide preparations 288:314 Polysaccharide preparations from medicinal mushrooms such as G. frondosa 288:359 Polysaccharide preparations from medicinal mushrooms such as G. frondosa have been successfully tested in a vast number of studies. 27910785 1 6 theme health 271:276 arg1 benefits 278:285 their health benefits 265:285 their health benefits 265:285 β-glucans from Basidiomycetes like Grifola frondosa (the maitake mushroom) are well known for their health benefits. 27910785 6 7 theme β-glucans 923:931 arg1 distribution 907:918 the molecular weight cutoff distribution 879:918 the molecular weight cutoff distribution of β-glucans in hot water-based extracts from maitake mushrooms 879:982 Our study focuses on the molecular weight cutoff distribution of β-glucans in hot water-based extracts from maitake mushrooms. 27910785 12 8 theme cross-flow 1721:1730 arg1 method 1775:1780 a quick and easy method 1758:1780 a quick and easy method for dividing crude aqueous mushroom extracts into different molecular-weight fractions that inhibit tumor cell viability in vitro 1758:1910 In summary, our experiments prove that cross-flow ultrafiltration serves as a quick and easy method for dividing crude aqueous mushroom extracts into different molecular-weight fractions that inhibit tumor cell viability in vitro. 27910785 12 8 theme cross-flow 1721:1730 arg1 ultrafiltration 1732:1746 cross-flow ultrafiltration 1721:1746 cross-flow ultrafiltration 1721:1746 In summary, our experiments prove that cross-flow ultrafiltration serves as a quick and easy method for dividing crude aqueous mushroom extracts into different molecular-weight fractions that inhibit tumor cell viability in vitro. 27910785 1 9 theme Grifola 206:212 arg1 mushroom 236:243 the maitake mushroom 224:243 the maitake mushroom 224:243 β-glucans from Basidiomycetes like Grifola frondosa (the maitake mushroom) are well known for their health benefits. 27910785 1 9 theme Grifola 206:212 arg1 frondosa 214:221 Grifola frondosa 206:221 Grifola frondosa (the maitake mushroom) 206:244 β-glucans from Basidiomycetes like Grifola frondosa (the maitake mushroom) are well known for their health benefits. 27910785 5 10 theme structural 739:748 arg1 properties 750:759 structural properties 739:759 structural properties 739:759 Thus it is highly important to explore the composition and structural properties of β-glucans extracted from medicinal mushrooms and their effects on human tumor cell viability. 27910785 7 11 theme size 1069:1072 arg1 fractions 1036:1044 5 fractions 1034:1044 5 fractions of different molecular size 1034:1072 Cross-flow ultrafiltration was applied to obtain 5 fractions of different molecular size. 27910785 1 12 theme maitake 228:234 arg1 mushroom 236:243 the maitake mushroom 224:243 the maitake mushroom 224:243 β-glucans from Basidiomycetes like Grifola frondosa (the maitake mushroom) are well known for their health benefits. 27910785 1 12 theme maitake 228:234 arg1 frondosa 214:221 Grifola frondosa 206:221 Grifola frondosa (the maitake mushroom) 206:244 β-glucans from Basidiomycetes like Grifola frondosa (the maitake mushroom) are well known for their health benefits. 27910785 0 13 from Mushroom 80:87 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of Cross-Flow Ultrafiltration Fractions from Maitake Medicinal Mushroom, Grifoia frondosa (Agaricomycetes), 0:123 Characterization of Cross-Flow Ultrafiltration Fractions from Maitake Medicinal Mushroom, Grifoia frondosa (Agaricomycetes), Reveals Distinct Cytotoxicity in Tumor Cells. 27910785 0 13 from Mushroom 80:87 arg1 Fractions 47:55 Cross-Flow Ultrafiltration Fractions 20:55 Cross-Flow Ultrafiltration Fractions from Maitake Medicinal Mushroom, Grifoia frondosa (Agaricomycetes), 20:123 Characterization of Cross-Flow Ultrafiltration Fractions from Maitake Medicinal Mushroom, Grifoia frondosa (Agaricomycetes), Reveals Distinct Cytotoxicity in Tumor Cells. 27910785 0 14 theme Tumor 158:162 arg1 Cells 164:168 Tumor Cells 158:168 Tumor Cells 158:168 Characterization of Cross-Flow Ultrafiltration Fractions from Maitake Medicinal Mushroom, Grifoia frondosa (Agaricomycetes), Reveals Distinct Cytotoxicity in Tumor Cells. 27910785 5 15 from mushrooms 799:807 arg1 viability 847:855 human tumor cell viability 830:855 human tumor cell viability 830:855 Thus it is highly important to explore the composition and structural properties of β-glucans extracted from medicinal mushrooms and their effects on human tumor cell viability. 27910785 7 16 theme different 1049:1057 arg1 size 1069:1072 different molecular size 1049:1072 different molecular size 1049:1072 Cross-flow ultrafiltration was applied to obtain 5 fractions of different molecular size. 27910785 6 17 theme maitake 966:972 arg1 mushrooms 974:982 maitake mushrooms 966:982 maitake mushrooms 966:982 Our study focuses on the molecular weight cutoff distribution of β-glucans in hot water-based extracts from maitake mushrooms. 27910785 11 18 theme cell 1555:1558 arg1 types 1560:1564 2 different solid cancer cell types 1530:1564 2 different solid cancer cell types 1530:1564 In addition, tumor cell viability studies demonstrate significant cytotoxic potential in 2 different solid cancer cell types for the fraction with a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) and for 1 fraction with a low molecular weight (5-10 kDa). 27910785 11 19 theme significant 1495:1505 arg1 potential 1517:1525 significant cytotoxic potential 1495:1525 significant cytotoxic potential in 2 different solid cancer cell types for the fraction with a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) and for 1 fraction with a low molecular weight (5-10 kDa) 1495:1679 In addition, tumor cell viability studies demonstrate significant cytotoxic potential in 2 different solid cancer cell types for the fraction with a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) and for 1 fraction with a low molecular weight (5-10 kDa). 27910785 5 20 theme medicinal 789:797 arg1 mushrooms 799:807 medicinal mushrooms 789:807 medicinal mushrooms 789:807 Thus it is highly important to explore the composition and structural properties of β-glucans extracted from medicinal mushrooms and their effects on human tumor cell viability. 27910785 9 21 theme G. 1308:1309 arg1 frondosa 1311:1318 G. frondosa 1308:1318 G. frondosa 1308:1318 Here we show that only small amounts of β-glucans with a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) could be detected from an aqueous extract of G. frondosa. 27910785 0 22 theme Grifoia 90:96 arg1 Agaricomycetes 108:121 Agaricomycetes 108:121 Agaricomycetes 108:121 Characterization of Cross-Flow Ultrafiltration Fractions from Maitake Medicinal Mushroom, Grifoia frondosa (Agaricomycetes), Reveals Distinct Cytotoxicity in Tumor Cells. 27910785 0 22 theme Grifoia 90:96 arg1 Mushroom 80:87 Maitake Medicinal Mushroom 62:87 Maitake Medicinal Mushroom 62:87 Characterization of Cross-Flow Ultrafiltration Fractions from Maitake Medicinal Mushroom, Grifoia frondosa (Agaricomycetes), Reveals Distinct Cytotoxicity in Tumor Cells. 27910785 0 22 theme Grifoia 90:96 arg1 frondosa 98:105 Grifoia frondosa 90:105 Grifoia frondosa (Agaricomycetes) 90:122 Characterization of Cross-Flow Ultrafiltration Fractions from Maitake Medicinal Mushroom, Grifoia frondosa (Agaricomycetes), Reveals Distinct Cytotoxicity in Tumor Cells. 27910785 8 23 theme β-glucan 1075:1082 arg1 content 1084:1090 β-glucan content 1075:1090 β-glucan content 1075:1090 β-glucan content was quantified using an enzyme-based test kit, specialized to 1,3-1,6-β-glucans. 27910785 0 24 from Characterization 0:15 arg1 Mushroom 80:87 Maitake Medicinal Mushroom 62:87 Maitake Medicinal Mushroom 62:87 Characterization of Cross-Flow Ultrafiltration Fractions from Maitake Medicinal Mushroom, Grifoia frondosa (Agaricomycetes), Reveals Distinct Cytotoxicity in Tumor Cells. 27910785 0 24 from Characterization 0:15 arg1 frondosa 98:105 Grifoia frondosa 90:105 Grifoia frondosa (Agaricomycetes) 90:122 Characterization of Cross-Flow Ultrafiltration Fractions from Maitake Medicinal Mushroom, Grifoia frondosa (Agaricomycetes), Reveals Distinct Cytotoxicity in Tumor Cells. 27910785 10 25 theme extract 1432:1438 arg1 % 1417:1417 about 35% 1409:1417 about 35% of the whole extract 1409:1438 The main compounds encompass substances with a low molecular weight (<5 kDa), composing about 35% of the whole extract. 27910785 10 25 theme extract 1432:1438 arg1 extract 1432:1438 the whole extract 1422:1438 the whole extract 1422:1438 The main compounds encompass substances with a low molecular weight (<5 kDa), composing about 35% of the whole extract. 27910785 11 26 theme different 1532:1540 arg1 types 1560:1564 2 different solid cancer cell types 1530:1564 2 different solid cancer cell types 1530:1564 In addition, tumor cell viability studies demonstrate significant cytotoxic potential in 2 different solid cancer cell types for the fraction with a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) and for 1 fraction with a low molecular weight (5-10 kDa). 27910785 11 27 from potential 1517:1525 arg1 types 1560:1564 2 different solid cancer cell types 1530:1564 2 different solid cancer cell types 1530:1564 In addition, tumor cell viability studies demonstrate significant cytotoxic potential in 2 different solid cancer cell types for the fraction with a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) and for 1 fraction with a low molecular weight (5-10 kDa). 27910785 11 28 with fraction 1574:1581 arg1 weight 1605:1610 a high molecular weight 1588:1610 a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) 1588:1621 In addition, tumor cell viability studies demonstrate significant cytotoxic potential in 2 different solid cancer cell types for the fraction with a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) and for 1 fraction with a low molecular weight (5-10 kDa). 27910785 11 28 with fraction 1574:1581 arg1 kDa 1618:1620 >100 kDa 1613:1620 >100 kDa 1613:1620 In addition, tumor cell viability studies demonstrate significant cytotoxic potential in 2 different solid cancer cell types for the fraction with a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) and for 1 fraction with a low molecular weight (5-10 kDa). 27910785 2 29 theme vast 396:399 arg1 number 401:406 a vast number 394:406 a vast number of studies 394:417 Polysaccharide preparations from medicinal mushrooms such as G. frondosa have been successfully tested in a vast number of studies. 27910785 5 30 theme cell 842:845 arg1 viability 847:855 human tumor cell viability 830:855 human tumor cell viability 830:855 Thus it is highly important to explore the composition and structural properties of β-glucans extracted from medicinal mushrooms and their effects on human tumor cell viability. 27910785 8 31 theme enzyme-based 1116:1127 arg1 kit 1134:1136 an enzyme-based test kit 1113:1136 an enzyme-based test kit 1113:1136 β-glucan content was quantified using an enzyme-based test kit, specialized to 1,3-1,6-β-glucans. 27910785 11 32 theme cell 1460:1463 arg1 studies 1475:1481 tumor cell viability studies 1454:1481 tumor cell viability studies 1454:1481 In addition, tumor cell viability studies demonstrate significant cytotoxic potential in 2 different solid cancer cell types for the fraction with a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) and for 1 fraction with a low molecular weight (5-10 kDa). 27910785 0 33 theme Cross-Flow 20:29 arg1 Fractions 47:55 Cross-Flow Ultrafiltration Fractions 20:55 Cross-Flow Ultrafiltration Fractions from Maitake Medicinal Mushroom, Grifoia frondosa (Agaricomycetes), 20:123 Characterization of Cross-Flow Ultrafiltration Fractions from Maitake Medicinal Mushroom, Grifoia frondosa (Agaricomycetes), Reveals Distinct Cytotoxicity in Tumor Cells. 27910785 6 34 theme cutoff 900:905 arg1 distribution 907:918 the molecular weight cutoff distribution 879:918 the molecular weight cutoff distribution of β-glucans in hot water-based extracts from maitake mushrooms 879:982 Our study focuses on the molecular weight cutoff distribution of β-glucans in hot water-based extracts from maitake mushrooms. 27910785 3 35 theme Many 420:423 arg1 extracts 434:441 Many mushroom extracts 420:441 Many mushroom extracts 420:441 Many mushroom extracts have been developed and today are merchandized for use medicinally and commercially. 27910785 4 36 theme chemical 568:575 arg1 size 619:622 the molecular size 605:622 the molecular size of β-glucans 605:635 Studies could show that, in particular, chemical structural features such as the molecular size of β-glucans significantly influence their bioactivity. 27910785 4 36 theme chemical 568:575 arg1 features 588:595 chemical structural features 568:595 chemical structural features such as the molecular size of β-glucans 568:635 Studies could show that, in particular, chemical structural features such as the molecular size of β-glucans significantly influence their bioactivity. 27910785 10 37 theme main 1325:1328 arg1 compounds 1330:1338 The main compounds 1321:1338 The main compounds 1321:1338 The main compounds encompass substances with a low molecular weight (<5 kDa), composing about 35% of the whole extract. 27910785 0 38 theme Fractions 47:55 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of Cross-Flow Ultrafiltration Fractions from Maitake Medicinal Mushroom, Grifoia frondosa (Agaricomycetes), 0:123 Characterization of Cross-Flow Ultrafiltration Fractions from Maitake Medicinal Mushroom, Grifoia frondosa (Agaricomycetes), Reveals Distinct Cytotoxicity in Tumor Cells. 27910785 12 39 theme different 1832:1840 arg1 fractions 1859:1867 different molecular-weight fractions 1832:1867 different molecular-weight fractions that inhibit tumor cell viability in vitro 1832:1910 In summary, our experiments prove that cross-flow ultrafiltration serves as a quick and easy method for dividing crude aqueous mushroom extracts into different molecular-weight fractions that inhibit tumor cell viability in vitro. 27910785 6 40 theme molecular 883:891 arg1 distribution 907:918 the molecular weight cutoff distribution 879:918 the molecular weight cutoff distribution of β-glucans in hot water-based extracts from maitake mushrooms 879:982 Our study focuses on the molecular weight cutoff distribution of β-glucans in hot water-based extracts from maitake mushrooms. 27910785 12 41 theme easy 1770:1773 arg1 method 1775:1780 a quick and easy method 1758:1780 a quick and easy method for dividing crude aqueous mushroom extracts into different molecular-weight fractions that inhibit tumor cell viability in vitro 1758:1910 In summary, our experiments prove that cross-flow ultrafiltration serves as a quick and easy method for dividing crude aqueous mushroom extracts into different molecular-weight fractions that inhibit tumor cell viability in vitro. 27910785 12 41 theme easy 1770:1773 arg1 ultrafiltration 1732:1746 cross-flow ultrafiltration 1721:1746 cross-flow ultrafiltration 1721:1746 In summary, our experiments prove that cross-flow ultrafiltration serves as a quick and easy method for dividing crude aqueous mushroom extracts into different molecular-weight fractions that inhibit tumor cell viability in vitro. 27910785 6 42 from mushrooms 974:982 arg1 distribution 907:918 the molecular weight cutoff distribution 879:918 the molecular weight cutoff distribution of β-glucans in hot water-based extracts from maitake mushrooms 879:982 Our study focuses on the molecular weight cutoff distribution of β-glucans in hot water-based extracts from maitake mushrooms. 27910785 6 42 from mushrooms 974:982 arg1 extracts 952:959 hot water-based extracts 936:959 hot water-based extracts from maitake mushrooms 936:982 Our study focuses on the molecular weight cutoff distribution of β-glucans in hot water-based extracts from maitake mushrooms. 27910785 11 43 theme molecular 1595:1603 arg1 weight 1605:1610 a high molecular weight 1588:1610 a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) 1588:1621 In addition, tumor cell viability studies demonstrate significant cytotoxic potential in 2 different solid cancer cell types for the fraction with a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) and for 1 fraction with a low molecular weight (5-10 kDa). 27910785 11 43 theme molecular 1595:1603 arg1 kDa 1618:1620 >100 kDa 1613:1620 >100 kDa 1613:1620 In addition, tumor cell viability studies demonstrate significant cytotoxic potential in 2 different solid cancer cell types for the fraction with a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) and for 1 fraction with a low molecular weight (5-10 kDa). 27910785 5 44 theme human 830:834 arg1 viability 847:855 human tumor cell viability 830:855 human tumor cell viability 830:855 Thus it is highly important to explore the composition and structural properties of β-glucans extracted from medicinal mushrooms and their effects on human tumor cell viability. 27910785 9 45 theme small 1196:1200 arg1 β-glucans 1213:1221 β-glucans 1213:1221 β-glucans with a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) 1213:1261 Here we show that only small amounts of β-glucans with a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) could be detected from an aqueous extract of G. frondosa. 27910785 9 45 theme small 1196:1200 arg1 amounts 1202:1208 only small amounts 1191:1208 only small amounts of β-glucans with a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) 1191:1261 Here we show that only small amounts of β-glucans with a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) could be detected from an aqueous extract of G. frondosa. 27910785 2 46 theme G. 349:350 arg1 frondosa 352:359 G. frondosa 349:359 G. frondosa 349:359 Polysaccharide preparations from medicinal mushrooms such as G. frondosa have been successfully tested in a vast number of studies. 27910785 9 47 with β-glucans 1213:1221 arg1 weight 1245:1250 a high molecular weight 1228:1250 a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) 1228:1261 Here we show that only small amounts of β-glucans with a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) could be detected from an aqueous extract of G. frondosa. 27910785 9 47 with β-glucans 1213:1221 arg1 kDa 1258:1260 >100 kDa 1253:1260 >100 kDa 1253:1260 Here we show that only small amounts of β-glucans with a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) could be detected from an aqueous extract of G. frondosa. 27910785 12 48 theme aqueous 1801:1807 arg1 extracts 1818:1825 crude aqueous mushroom extracts 1795:1825 crude aqueous mushroom extracts 1795:1825 In summary, our experiments prove that cross-flow ultrafiltration serves as a quick and easy method for dividing crude aqueous mushroom extracts into different molecular-weight fractions that inhibit tumor cell viability in vitro. 27910785 10 49 theme molecular 1372:1380 arg1 weight 1382:1387 a low molecular weight 1366:1387 a low molecular weight (<5 kDa) 1366:1396 The main compounds encompass substances with a low molecular weight (<5 kDa), composing about 35% of the whole extract. 27910785 10 49 theme molecular 1372:1380 arg1 kDa 1393:1395 <5 kDa 1390:1395 <5 kDa 1390:1395 The main compounds encompass substances with a low molecular weight (<5 kDa), composing about 35% of the whole extract. 27910785 4 50 theme molecular 609:617 arg1 size 619:622 the molecular size 605:622 the molecular size of β-glucans 605:635 Studies could show that, in particular, chemical structural features such as the molecular size of β-glucans significantly influence their bioactivity. 27910785 12 51 theme quick 1760:1764 arg1 method 1775:1780 a quick and easy method 1758:1780 a quick and easy method for dividing crude aqueous mushroom extracts into different molecular-weight fractions that inhibit tumor cell viability in vitro 1758:1910 In summary, our experiments prove that cross-flow ultrafiltration serves as a quick and easy method for dividing crude aqueous mushroom extracts into different molecular-weight fractions that inhibit tumor cell viability in vitro. 27910785 12 51 theme quick 1760:1764 arg1 ultrafiltration 1732:1746 cross-flow ultrafiltration 1721:1746 cross-flow ultrafiltration 1721:1746 In summary, our experiments prove that cross-flow ultrafiltration serves as a quick and easy method for dividing crude aqueous mushroom extracts into different molecular-weight fractions that inhibit tumor cell viability in vitro. 27910785 6 52 theme water-based 940:950 arg1 extracts 952:959 hot water-based extracts 936:959 hot water-based extracts from maitake mushrooms 936:982 Our study focuses on the molecular weight cutoff distribution of β-glucans in hot water-based extracts from maitake mushrooms. 27910785 9 53 theme high 1230:1233 arg1 weight 1245:1250 a high molecular weight 1228:1250 a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) 1228:1261 Here we show that only small amounts of β-glucans with a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) could be detected from an aqueous extract of G. frondosa. 27910785 9 53 theme high 1230:1233 arg1 kDa 1258:1260 >100 kDa 1253:1260 >100 kDa 1253:1260 Here we show that only small amounts of β-glucans with a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) could be detected from an aqueous extract of G. frondosa. 27910785 10 54 theme low 1368:1370 arg1 weight 1382:1387 a low molecular weight 1366:1387 a low molecular weight (<5 kDa) 1366:1396 The main compounds encompass substances with a low molecular weight (<5 kDa), composing about 35% of the whole extract. 27910785 10 54 theme low 1368:1370 arg1 kDa 1393:1395 <5 kDa 1390:1395 <5 kDa 1390:1395 The main compounds encompass substances with a low molecular weight (<5 kDa), composing about 35% of the whole extract. 27910785 11 55 theme low 1649:1651 arg1 weight 1663:1668 a low molecular weight 1647:1668 a low molecular weight (5-10 kDa) 1647:1679 In addition, tumor cell viability studies demonstrate significant cytotoxic potential in 2 different solid cancer cell types for the fraction with a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) and for 1 fraction with a low molecular weight (5-10 kDa). 27910785 11 55 theme low 1649:1651 arg1 kDa 1676:1678 5-10 kDa 1671:1678 5-10 kDa 1671:1678 In addition, tumor cell viability studies demonstrate significant cytotoxic potential in 2 different solid cancer cell types for the fraction with a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) and for 1 fraction with a low molecular weight (5-10 kDa). 27910785 11 56 theme solid 1542:1546 arg1 types 1560:1564 2 different solid cancer cell types 1530:1564 2 different solid cancer cell types 1530:1564 In addition, tumor cell viability studies demonstrate significant cytotoxic potential in 2 different solid cancer cell types for the fraction with a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) and for 1 fraction with a low molecular weight (5-10 kDa). 27910785 0 57 theme Maitake 62:68 arg1 Mushroom 80:87 Maitake Medicinal Mushroom 62:87 Maitake Medicinal Mushroom 62:87 Characterization of Cross-Flow Ultrafiltration Fractions from Maitake Medicinal Mushroom, Grifoia frondosa (Agaricomycetes), Reveals Distinct Cytotoxicity in Tumor Cells. 27910785 0 57 theme Maitake 62:68 arg1 frondosa 98:105 Grifoia frondosa 90:105 Grifoia frondosa (Agaricomycetes) 90:122 Characterization of Cross-Flow Ultrafiltration Fractions from Maitake Medicinal Mushroom, Grifoia frondosa (Agaricomycetes), Reveals Distinct Cytotoxicity in Tumor Cells. 27910785 12 58 theme cell 1888:1891 arg1 viability 1893:1901 tumor cell viability 1882:1901 tumor cell viability 1882:1901 In summary, our experiments prove that cross-flow ultrafiltration serves as a quick and easy method for dividing crude aqueous mushroom extracts into different molecular-weight fractions that inhibit tumor cell viability in vitro. 27910785 0 59 theme Distinct 133:140 arg1 Cytotoxicity 142:153 Distinct Cytotoxicity 133:153 Distinct Cytotoxicity in Tumor Cells 133:168 Characterization of Cross-Flow Ultrafiltration Fractions from Maitake Medicinal Mushroom, Grifoia frondosa (Agaricomycetes), Reveals Distinct Cytotoxicity in Tumor Cells. 27910785 2 60 theme medicinal 321:329 arg1 frondosa 352:359 G. frondosa 349:359 G. frondosa 349:359 Polysaccharide preparations from medicinal mushrooms such as G. frondosa have been successfully tested in a vast number of studies. 27910785 2 60 theme medicinal 321:329 arg1 mushrooms 331:339 medicinal mushrooms 321:339 medicinal mushrooms such as G. frondosa 321:359 Polysaccharide preparations from medicinal mushrooms such as G. frondosa have been successfully tested in a vast number of studies. 27910785 9 61 theme aqueous 1289:1295 arg1 extract 1297:1303 an aqueous extract 1286:1303 an aqueous extract of G. frondosa 1286:1318 Here we show that only small amounts of β-glucans with a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) could be detected from an aqueous extract of G. frondosa. 27910785 7 62 theme molecular 1059:1067 arg1 size 1069:1072 different molecular size 1049:1072 different molecular size 1049:1072 Cross-flow ultrafiltration was applied to obtain 5 fractions of different molecular size. 27910785 11 63 theme viability 1465:1473 arg1 studies 1475:1481 tumor cell viability studies 1454:1481 tumor cell viability studies 1454:1481 In addition, tumor cell viability studies demonstrate significant cytotoxic potential in 2 different solid cancer cell types for the fraction with a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) and for 1 fraction with a low molecular weight (5-10 kDa). 27910785 9 64 theme frondosa 1311:1318 arg1 extract 1297:1303 an aqueous extract 1286:1303 an aqueous extract of G. frondosa 1286:1318 Here we show that only small amounts of β-glucans with a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) could be detected from an aqueous extract of G. frondosa. 27910785 1 65 from Basidiomycetes 186:199 arg1 β-glucans 171:179 β-glucans 171:179 β-glucans from Basidiomycetes like Grifola frondosa (the maitake mushroom) 171:244 β-glucans from Basidiomycetes like Grifola frondosa (the maitake mushroom) are well known for their health benefits. 27910785 5 66 dep composition 723:733 arg1 the 719:721 the 719:721 the 719:721 Thus it is highly important to explore the composition and structural properties of β-glucans extracted from medicinal mushrooms and their effects on human tumor cell viability. 27910785 11 67 theme cytotoxic 1507:1515 arg1 potential 1517:1525 significant cytotoxic potential 1495:1525 significant cytotoxic potential in 2 different solid cancer cell types for the fraction with a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) and for 1 fraction with a low molecular weight (5-10 kDa) 1495:1679 In addition, tumor cell viability studies demonstrate significant cytotoxic potential in 2 different solid cancer cell types for the fraction with a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) and for 1 fraction with a low molecular weight (5-10 kDa). 27910785 5 68 from effects 819:825 arg1 viability 847:855 human tumor cell viability 830:855 human tumor cell viability 830:855 Thus it is highly important to explore the composition and structural properties of β-glucans extracted from medicinal mushrooms and their effects on human tumor cell viability. 27910785 2 69 from mushrooms 331:339 arg1 preparations 303:314 Polysaccharide preparations 288:314 Polysaccharide preparations from medicinal mushrooms such as G. frondosa 288:359 Polysaccharide preparations from medicinal mushrooms such as G. frondosa have been successfully tested in a vast number of studies. 27910785 10 70 theme whole 1426:1430 arg1 extract 1432:1438 the whole extract 1422:1438 the whole extract 1422:1438 The main compounds encompass substances with a low molecular weight (<5 kDa), composing about 35% of the whole extract. 27910785 5 71 theme β-glucans 764:772 arg1 composition 723:733 composition 723:733 composition 723:733 Thus it is highly important to explore the composition and structural properties of β-glucans extracted from medicinal mushrooms and their effects on human tumor cell viability. 27910785 5 71 theme β-glucans 764:772 arg1 properties 750:759 structural properties 739:759 structural properties 739:759 Thus it is highly important to explore the composition and structural properties of β-glucans extracted from medicinal mushrooms and their effects on human tumor cell viability. 27910785 0 72 from Cytotoxicity 142:153 arg1 Cells 164:168 Tumor Cells 158:168 Tumor Cells 158:168 Characterization of Cross-Flow Ultrafiltration Fractions from Maitake Medicinal Mushroom, Grifoia frondosa (Agaricomycetes), Reveals Distinct Cytotoxicity in Tumor Cells. 27910785 5 73 theme tumor 836:840 arg1 viability 847:855 human tumor cell viability 830:855 human tumor cell viability 830:855 Thus it is highly important to explore the composition and structural properties of β-glucans extracted from medicinal mushrooms and their effects on human tumor cell viability. 27910785 8 74 theme test 1129:1132 arg1 kit 1134:1136 an enzyme-based test kit 1113:1136 an enzyme-based test kit 1113:1136 β-glucan content was quantified using an enzyme-based test kit, specialized to 1,3-1,6-β-glucans. 27910785 7 75 theme Cross-flow 985:994 arg1 ultrafiltration 996:1010 Cross-flow ultrafiltration 985:1010 Cross-flow ultrafiltration 985:1010 Cross-flow ultrafiltration was applied to obtain 5 fractions of different molecular size. 27910785 11 76 theme tumor 1454:1458 arg1 studies 1475:1481 tumor cell viability studies 1454:1481 tumor cell viability studies 1454:1481 In addition, tumor cell viability studies demonstrate significant cytotoxic potential in 2 different solid cancer cell types for the fraction with a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) and for 1 fraction with a low molecular weight (5-10 kDa). 27910785 0 77 theme Ultrafiltration 31:45 arg1 Fractions 47:55 Cross-Flow Ultrafiltration Fractions 20:55 Cross-Flow Ultrafiltration Fractions from Maitake Medicinal Mushroom, Grifoia frondosa (Agaricomycetes), 20:123 Characterization of Cross-Flow Ultrafiltration Fractions from Maitake Medicinal Mushroom, Grifoia frondosa (Agaricomycetes), Reveals Distinct Cytotoxicity in Tumor Cells. 27910785 12 78 theme tumor 1882:1886 arg1 viability 1893:1901 tumor cell viability 1882:1901 tumor cell viability 1882:1901 In summary, our experiments prove that cross-flow ultrafiltration serves as a quick and easy method for dividing crude aqueous mushroom extracts into different molecular-weight fractions that inhibit tumor cell viability in vitro. 27910785 4 79 theme structural 577:586 arg1 size 619:622 the molecular size 605:622 the molecular size of β-glucans 605:635 Studies could show that, in particular, chemical structural features such as the molecular size of β-glucans significantly influence their bioactivity. 27910785 4 79 theme structural 577:586 arg1 features 588:595 chemical structural features 568:595 chemical structural features such as the molecular size of β-glucans 568:635 Studies could show that, in particular, chemical structural features such as the molecular size of β-glucans significantly influence their bioactivity. 27910785 12 80 theme molecular-weight 1842:1857 arg1 fractions 1859:1867 different molecular-weight fractions 1832:1867 different molecular-weight fractions that inhibit tumor cell viability in vitro 1832:1910 In summary, our experiments prove that cross-flow ultrafiltration serves as a quick and easy method for dividing crude aqueous mushroom extracts into different molecular-weight fractions that inhibit tumor cell viability in vitro. 27910785 6 81 theme weight 893:898 arg1 distribution 907:918 the molecular weight cutoff distribution 879:918 the molecular weight cutoff distribution of β-glucans in hot water-based extracts from maitake mushrooms 879:982 Our study focuses on the molecular weight cutoff distribution of β-glucans in hot water-based extracts from maitake mushrooms. 27910785 3 82 theme mushroom 425:432 arg1 extracts 434:441 Many mushroom extracts 420:441 Many mushroom extracts 420:441 Many mushroom extracts have been developed and today are merchandized for use medicinally and commercially. 27910785 11 83 theme molecular 1653:1661 arg1 weight 1663:1668 a low molecular weight 1647:1668 a low molecular weight (5-10 kDa) 1647:1679 In addition, tumor cell viability studies demonstrate significant cytotoxic potential in 2 different solid cancer cell types for the fraction with a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) and for 1 fraction with a low molecular weight (5-10 kDa). 27910785 11 83 theme molecular 1653:1661 arg1 kDa 1676:1678 5-10 kDa 1671:1678 5-10 kDa 1671:1678 In addition, tumor cell viability studies demonstrate significant cytotoxic potential in 2 different solid cancer cell types for the fraction with a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) and for 1 fraction with a low molecular weight (5-10 kDa). 27910785 11 84 theme high 1590:1593 arg1 weight 1605:1610 a high molecular weight 1588:1610 a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) 1588:1621 In addition, tumor cell viability studies demonstrate significant cytotoxic potential in 2 different solid cancer cell types for the fraction with a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) and for 1 fraction with a low molecular weight (5-10 kDa). 27910785 11 84 theme high 1590:1593 arg1 kDa 1618:1620 >100 kDa 1613:1620 >100 kDa 1613:1620 In addition, tumor cell viability studies demonstrate significant cytotoxic potential in 2 different solid cancer cell types for the fraction with a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) and for 1 fraction with a low molecular weight (5-10 kDa). 27910785 2 85 theme studies 411:417 arg1 number 401:406 a vast number 394:406 a vast number of studies 394:417 Polysaccharide preparations from medicinal mushrooms such as G. frondosa have been successfully tested in a vast number of studies. 27910785 0 86 theme Medicinal 70:78 arg1 Mushroom 80:87 Maitake Medicinal Mushroom 62:87 Maitake Medicinal Mushroom 62:87 Characterization of Cross-Flow Ultrafiltration Fractions from Maitake Medicinal Mushroom, Grifoia frondosa (Agaricomycetes), Reveals Distinct Cytotoxicity in Tumor Cells. 27910785 0 86 theme Medicinal 70:78 arg1 frondosa 98:105 Grifoia frondosa 90:105 Grifoia frondosa (Agaricomycetes) 90:122 Characterization of Cross-Flow Ultrafiltration Fractions from Maitake Medicinal Mushroom, Grifoia frondosa (Agaricomycetes), Reveals Distinct Cytotoxicity in Tumor Cells. 27910785 12 87 theme crude 1795:1799 arg1 extracts 1818:1825 crude aqueous mushroom extracts 1795:1825 crude aqueous mushroom extracts 1795:1825 In summary, our experiments prove that cross-flow ultrafiltration serves as a quick and easy method for dividing crude aqueous mushroom extracts into different molecular-weight fractions that inhibit tumor cell viability in vitro. 27910785 11 88 with fraction 1633:1640 arg1 weight 1663:1668 a low molecular weight 1647:1668 a low molecular weight (5-10 kDa) 1647:1679 In addition, tumor cell viability studies demonstrate significant cytotoxic potential in 2 different solid cancer cell types for the fraction with a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) and for 1 fraction with a low molecular weight (5-10 kDa). 27910785 11 88 with fraction 1633:1640 arg1 kDa 1676:1678 5-10 kDa 1671:1678 5-10 kDa 1671:1678 In addition, tumor cell viability studies demonstrate significant cytotoxic potential in 2 different solid cancer cell types for the fraction with a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) and for 1 fraction with a low molecular weight (5-10 kDa). 27910785 12 89 theme mushroom 1809:1816 arg1 extracts 1818:1825 crude aqueous mushroom extracts 1795:1825 crude aqueous mushroom extracts 1795:1825 In summary, our experiments prove that cross-flow ultrafiltration serves as a quick and easy method for dividing crude aqueous mushroom extracts into different molecular-weight fractions that inhibit tumor cell viability in vitro. 27910785 4 90 theme β-glucans 627:635 arg1 size 619:622 the molecular size 605:622 the molecular size of β-glucans 605:635 Studies could show that, in particular, chemical structural features such as the molecular size of β-glucans significantly influence their bioactivity. 27910785 9 91 theme β-glucans 1213:1221 arg1 β-glucans 1213:1221 β-glucans 1213:1221 β-glucans with a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) 1213:1261 Here we show that only small amounts of β-glucans with a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) could be detected from an aqueous extract of G. frondosa. 27910785 9 91 theme β-glucans 1213:1221 arg1 amounts 1202:1208 only small amounts 1191:1208 only small amounts of β-glucans with a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) 1191:1261 Here we show that only small amounts of β-glucans with a high molecular weight (>100 kDa) could be detected from an aqueous extract of G. frondosa. 27130127 2 0 theme dioxide 536:542 arg1 release 518:524 the release 514:524 the release of carbon dioxide 514:542 A syringe was used to conduct the extraction procedure and a small amount of β-CD/ATP was dispersed into the solution with the release of carbon dioxide when the effervescent tablet components dissolved in water. 27130127 5 1 theme β-cyclodextrin 916:929 arg1 interactions 941:952 the β-cyclodextrin inclusion interactions 912:952 the β-cyclodextrin inclusion interactions (especially the hydrophobic effects) 912:989 Moreover, in the extraction procedure, both the β-cyclodextrin inclusion interactions (especially the hydrophobic effects) and the special structure of the ATP contributed to the efficient enrichment of pyrethroids in aqueous media. 27130127 9 2 theme river 1705:1709 arg1 water 1711:1715 river water 1705:1715 river water 1705:1715 Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of pyrethroids in environmental samples including river water, reservoir water and lake water. 27130127 2 3 theme carbon 529:534 arg1 dioxide 536:542 carbon dioxide 529:542 carbon dioxide 529:542 A syringe was used to conduct the extraction procedure and a small amount of β-CD/ATP was dispersed into the solution with the release of carbon dioxide when the effervescent tablet components dissolved in water. 27130127 1 4 theme composite 231:239 arg1 β-cyclodextrin/attapulgite 204:229 an effervescence-assisted β-cyclodextrin/attapulgite composite 178:239 an effervescence-assisted β-cyclodextrin/attapulgite composite (β-CD/ATP) for the in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction (EAIS-DSPE) of pyrethroids in environmental samples 178:355 In this research, an effervescence-assisted β-cyclodextrin/attapulgite composite (β-CD/ATP) for the in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction (EAIS-DSPE) of pyrethroids in environmental samples was developed for the first time. 27130127 1 4 theme composite 231:239 arg1 β-CD/ATP 242:249 β-CD/ATP 242:249 β-CD/ATP 242:249 In this research, an effervescence-assisted β-cyclodextrin/attapulgite composite (β-CD/ATP) for the in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction (EAIS-DSPE) of pyrethroids in environmental samples was developed for the first time. 27130127 1 5 theme pyrethroids 320:330 arg1 EAIS-DSPE 306:314 EAIS-DSPE 306:314 EAIS-DSPE 306:314 In this research, an effervescence-assisted β-cyclodextrin/attapulgite composite (β-CD/ATP) for the in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction (EAIS-DSPE) of pyrethroids in environmental samples was developed for the first time. 27130127 1 5 theme pyrethroids 320:330 arg1 extraction 294:303 the in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction 256:303 the in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction (EAIS-DSPE) of pyrethroids in environmental samples 256:355 In this research, an effervescence-assisted β-cyclodextrin/attapulgite composite (β-CD/ATP) for the in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction (EAIS-DSPE) of pyrethroids in environmental samples was developed for the first time. 27130127 0 6 theme water 145:149 arg1 samples 151:157 environmental water samples 131:157 environmental water samples 131:157 Effervescence-assisted β-cyclodextrin/attapulgite composite for the in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction of pyrethroids in environmental water samples. 27130127 7 7 theme composite 1344:1352 arg1 design 1354:1359 a central composite design 1334:1359 a central composite design 1334:1359 All factors affecting the procedure were optimized by applying a central composite design. 27130127 6 8 theme sample 1206:1211 arg1 pH 1222:1223 the pH 1218:1223 the pH 1218:1223 The amount of β-CD/ATP sorbent, the volume of desorption, the ratio of NaH2PO4/Na2CO3, the volume of the sample, and the pH were screened using a Plackett-Burman design. 27130127 6 8 theme sample 1206:1211 arg1 volume 1192:1197 the volume 1188:1197 the volume of the sample 1188:1211 The amount of β-CD/ATP sorbent, the volume of desorption, the ratio of NaH2PO4/Na2CO3, the volume of the sample, and the pH were screened using a Plackett-Burman design. 27130127 6 8 theme sample 1206:1211 arg1 ratio 1163:1167 the ratio 1159:1167 the ratio of NaH2PO4/Na2CO3 1159:1185 The amount of β-CD/ATP sorbent, the volume of desorption, the ratio of NaH2PO4/Na2CO3, the volume of the sample, and the pH were screened using a Plackett-Burman design. 27130127 6 8 theme sample 1206:1211 arg1 sample 1206:1211 the sample 1202:1211 the sample 1202:1211 The amount of β-CD/ATP sorbent, the volume of desorption, the ratio of NaH2PO4/Na2CO3, the volume of the sample, and the pH were screened using a Plackett-Burman design. 27130127 6 8 theme sample 1206:1211 arg1 volume 1137:1142 the volume 1133:1142 the volume of desorption 1133:1156 The amount of β-CD/ATP sorbent, the volume of desorption, the ratio of NaH2PO4/Na2CO3, the volume of the sample, and the pH were screened using a Plackett-Burman design. 27130127 6 8 theme sample 1206:1211 arg1 NaH2PO4/Na2CO3 1172:1185 NaH2PO4/Na2CO3 1172:1185 NaH2PO4/Na2CO3 1172:1185 The amount of β-CD/ATP sorbent, the volume of desorption, the ratio of NaH2PO4/Na2CO3, the volume of the sample, and the pH were screened using a Plackett-Burman design. 27130127 6 8 theme sample 1206:1211 arg1 amount 1105:1110 The amount 1101:1110 The amount of β-CD/ATP sorbent 1101:1130 The amount of β-CD/ATP sorbent, the volume of desorption, the ratio of NaH2PO4/Na2CO3, the volume of the sample, and the pH were screened using a Plackett-Burman design. 27130127 6 8 theme sample 1206:1211 arg1 desorption 1147:1156 desorption 1147:1156 desorption 1147:1156 The amount of β-CD/ATP sorbent, the volume of desorption, the ratio of NaH2PO4/Na2CO3, the volume of the sample, and the pH were screened using a Plackett-Burman design. 27130127 6 8 theme sample 1206:1211 arg1 sorbent 1124:1130 β-CD/ATP sorbent 1115:1130 β-CD/ATP sorbent 1115:1130 The amount of β-CD/ATP sorbent, the volume of desorption, the ratio of NaH2PO4/Na2CO3, the volume of the sample, and the pH were screened using a Plackett-Burman design. 27130127 5 9 theme special 999:1005 arg1 structure 1007:1015 the special structure 995:1015 the special structure of the ATP 995:1026 Moreover, in the extraction procedure, both the β-cyclodextrin inclusion interactions (especially the hydrophobic effects) and the special structure of the ATP contributed to the efficient enrichment of pyrethroids in aqueous media. 27130127 0 10 theme environmental 131:143 arg1 samples 151:157 environmental water samples 131:157 environmental water samples 131:157 Effervescence-assisted β-cyclodextrin/attapulgite composite for the in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction of pyrethroids in environmental water samples. 27130127 1 11 theme environmental 335:347 arg1 samples 349:355 environmental samples 335:355 environmental samples 335:355 In this research, an effervescence-assisted β-cyclodextrin/attapulgite composite (β-CD/ATP) for the in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction (EAIS-DSPE) of pyrethroids in environmental samples was developed for the first time. 27130127 2 12 theme tablet 566:571 arg1 components 573:582 the effervescent tablet components 549:582 the effervescent tablet components 549:582 A syringe was used to conduct the extraction procedure and a small amount of β-CD/ATP was dispersed into the solution with the release of carbon dioxide when the effervescent tablet components dissolved in water. 27130127 8 13 theme detection 1485:1493 arg1 recoveries 1540:1549 an acceptable recoveries 1526:1549 an acceptable recoveries (76.8-86.5%) 1526:1562 Under the optimized conditions, a good repeatability (RSDs) ranging from 1.7 to 2.3, linearity (2.5-500μgL(-1)), limits of detection (LODs) (0.15-1.03μgL(-1)), and an acceptable recoveries (76.8-86.5%) were achieved. 27130127 8 13 theme detection 1485:1493 arg1 RSDs 1416:1419 RSDs 1416:1419 RSDs 1416:1419 Under the optimized conditions, a good repeatability (RSDs) ranging from 1.7 to 2.3, linearity (2.5-500μgL(-1)), limits of detection (LODs) (0.15-1.03μgL(-1)), and an acceptable recoveries (76.8-86.5%) were achieved. 27130127 8 13 theme detection 1485:1493 arg1 linearity 1447:1455 linearity 1447:1455 linearity (2.5-500μgL(-1)) 1447:1472 Under the optimized conditions, a good repeatability (RSDs) ranging from 1.7 to 2.3, linearity (2.5-500μgL(-1)), limits of detection (LODs) (0.15-1.03μgL(-1)), and an acceptable recoveries (76.8-86.5%) were achieved. 27130127 8 13 theme detection 1485:1493 arg1 limits 1475:1480 limits 1475:1480 limits of detection (LODs) (0.15-1.03μgL(-1)) 1475:1519 Under the optimized conditions, a good repeatability (RSDs) ranging from 1.7 to 2.3, linearity (2.5-500μgL(-1)), limits of detection (LODs) (0.15-1.03μgL(-1)), and an acceptable recoveries (76.8-86.5%) were achieved. 27130127 8 13 theme detection 1485:1493 arg1 % 1561:1561 76.8-86.5% 1552:1561 76.8-86.5% 1552:1561 Under the optimized conditions, a good repeatability (RSDs) ranging from 1.7 to 2.3, linearity (2.5-500μgL(-1)), limits of detection (LODs) (0.15-1.03μgL(-1)), and an acceptable recoveries (76.8-86.5%) were achieved. 27130127 8 13 theme detection 1485:1493 arg1 2.5-500μgL 1458:1467 2.5-500μgL(-1) 1458:1471 2.5-500μgL(-1) 1458:1471 Under the optimized conditions, a good repeatability (RSDs) ranging from 1.7 to 2.3, linearity (2.5-500μgL(-1)), limits of detection (LODs) (0.15-1.03μgL(-1)), and an acceptable recoveries (76.8-86.5%) were achieved. 27130127 8 13 theme detection 1485:1493 arg1 repeatability 1401:1413 a good repeatability 1394:1413 a good repeatability (RSDs) ranging from 1.7 to 2.3 1394:1444 Under the optimized conditions, a good repeatability (RSDs) ranging from 1.7 to 2.3, linearity (2.5-500μgL(-1)), limits of detection (LODs) (0.15-1.03μgL(-1)), and an acceptable recoveries (76.8-86.5%) were achieved. 27130127 2 14 theme β-CD/ATP 468:475 arg1 β-CD/ATP 468:475 β-CD/ATP 468:475 β-CD/ATP 468:475 A syringe was used to conduct the extraction procedure and a small amount of β-CD/ATP was dispersed into the solution with the release of carbon dioxide when the effervescent tablet components dissolved in water. 27130127 2 14 theme β-CD/ATP 468:475 arg1 amount 458:463 a small amount 450:463 a small amount of β-CD/ATP 450:475 A syringe was used to conduct the extraction procedure and a small amount of β-CD/ATP was dispersed into the solution with the release of carbon dioxide when the effervescent tablet components dissolved in water. 27130127 4 15 theme available 828:836 arg1 HLB 863:865 HLB 863:865 HLB 863:865 In the process, the β-CD/ATP sorbent resulted in an excellent extraction efficiency compared to commercially available sorbents such as C18 and HLB. 27130127 4 15 theme available 828:836 arg1 sorbents 838:845 commercially available sorbents 815:845 commercially available sorbents such as C18 and HLB 815:865 In the process, the β-CD/ATP sorbent resulted in an excellent extraction efficiency compared to commercially available sorbents such as C18 and HLB. 27130127 4 15 theme available 828:836 arg1 C18 855:857 C18 855:857 C18 855:857 In the process, the β-CD/ATP sorbent resulted in an excellent extraction efficiency compared to commercially available sorbents such as C18 and HLB. 27130127 9 16 theme lake 1738:1741 arg1 water 1743:1747 lake water 1738:1747 lake water 1738:1747 Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of pyrethroids in environmental samples including river water, reservoir water and lake water. 27130127 2 17 theme small 452:456 arg1 β-CD/ATP 468:475 β-CD/ATP 468:475 β-CD/ATP 468:475 A syringe was used to conduct the extraction procedure and a small amount of β-CD/ATP was dispersed into the solution with the release of carbon dioxide when the effervescent tablet components dissolved in water. 27130127 2 17 theme small 452:456 arg1 amount 458:463 a small amount 450:463 a small amount of β-CD/ATP 450:475 A syringe was used to conduct the extraction procedure and a small amount of β-CD/ATP was dispersed into the solution with the release of carbon dioxide when the effervescent tablet components dissolved in water. 27130127 2 18 theme effervescent 553:564 arg1 components 573:582 the effervescent tablet components 549:582 the effervescent tablet components 549:582 A syringe was used to conduct the extraction procedure and a small amount of β-CD/ATP was dispersed into the solution with the release of carbon dioxide when the effervescent tablet components dissolved in water. 27130127 9 19 theme proposed 1592:1599 arg1 method 1601:1606 the proposed method 1588:1606 the proposed method 1588:1606 Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of pyrethroids in environmental samples including river water, reservoir water and lake water. 27130127 5 20 theme ATP 1024:1026 arg1 interactions 941:952 the β-cyclodextrin inclusion interactions 912:952 the β-cyclodextrin inclusion interactions (especially the hydrophobic effects) 912:989 Moreover, in the extraction procedure, both the β-cyclodextrin inclusion interactions (especially the hydrophobic effects) and the special structure of the ATP contributed to the efficient enrichment of pyrethroids in aqueous media. 27130127 5 20 theme ATP 1024:1026 arg1 structure 1007:1015 the special structure 995:1015 the special structure of the ATP 995:1026 Moreover, in the extraction procedure, both the β-cyclodextrin inclusion interactions (especially the hydrophobic effects) and the special structure of the ATP contributed to the efficient enrichment of pyrethroids in aqueous media. 27130127 6 21 theme β-CD/ATP 1115:1122 arg1 sorbent 1124:1130 β-CD/ATP sorbent 1115:1130 β-CD/ATP sorbent 1115:1130 The amount of β-CD/ATP sorbent, the volume of desorption, the ratio of NaH2PO4/Na2CO3, the volume of the sample, and the pH were screened using a Plackett-Burman design. 27130127 0 22 theme pyrethroids 116:126 arg1 extraction 102:111 the in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction 64:111 the in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction of pyrethroids in environmental water samples 64:157 Effervescence-assisted β-cyclodextrin/attapulgite composite for the in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction of pyrethroids in environmental water samples. 27130127 4 23 theme excellent 771:779 arg1 efficiency 792:801 an excellent extraction efficiency 768:801 an excellent extraction efficiency compared to commercially available sorbents such as C18 and HLB 768:865 In the process, the β-CD/ATP sorbent resulted in an excellent extraction efficiency compared to commercially available sorbents such as C18 and HLB. 27130127 0 24 theme Effervescence-assisted 0:21 arg1 β-cyclodextrin/attapulgite 23:48 Effervescence-assisted β-cyclodextrin/attapulgite 0:48 Effervescence-assisted β-cyclodextrin/attapulgite 0:48 Effervescence-assisted β-cyclodextrin/attapulgite composite for the in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction of pyrethroids in environmental water samples. 27130127 6 25 theme Plackett-Burman 1247:1261 arg1 design 1263:1268 a Plackett-Burman design 1245:1268 a Plackett-Burman design 1245:1268 The amount of β-CD/ATP sorbent, the volume of desorption, the ratio of NaH2PO4/Na2CO3, the volume of the sample, and the pH were screened using a Plackett-Burman design. 27130127 9 26 from samples 1687:1693 arg1 determination 1641:1653 the determination 1637:1653 the determination of pyrethroids in environmental samples including river water, reservoir water and lake water 1637:1747 Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of pyrethroids in environmental samples including river water, reservoir water and lake water. 27130127 7 27 theme central 1336:1342 arg1 design 1354:1359 a central composite design 1334:1359 a central composite design 1334:1359 All factors affecting the procedure were optimized by applying a central composite design. 27130127 2 28 used used 405:408 arg2 syringe 393:399 A syringe 391:399 A syringe 391:399 A syringe was used to conduct the extraction procedure and a small amount of β-CD/ATP was dispersed into the solution with the release of carbon dioxide when the effervescent tablet components dissolved in water. 27130127 6 29 theme NaH2PO4/Na2CO3 1172:1185 arg1 pH 1222:1223 the pH 1218:1223 the pH 1218:1223 The amount of β-CD/ATP sorbent, the volume of desorption, the ratio of NaH2PO4/Na2CO3, the volume of the sample, and the pH were screened using a Plackett-Burman design. 27130127 6 29 theme NaH2PO4/Na2CO3 1172:1185 arg1 volume 1192:1197 the volume 1188:1197 the volume of the sample 1188:1211 The amount of β-CD/ATP sorbent, the volume of desorption, the ratio of NaH2PO4/Na2CO3, the volume of the sample, and the pH were screened using a Plackett-Burman design. 27130127 6 29 theme NaH2PO4/Na2CO3 1172:1185 arg1 ratio 1163:1167 the ratio 1159:1167 the ratio of NaH2PO4/Na2CO3 1159:1185 The amount of β-CD/ATP sorbent, the volume of desorption, the ratio of NaH2PO4/Na2CO3, the volume of the sample, and the pH were screened using a Plackett-Burman design. 27130127 6 29 theme NaH2PO4/Na2CO3 1172:1185 arg1 sample 1206:1211 the sample 1202:1211 the sample 1202:1211 The amount of β-CD/ATP sorbent, the volume of desorption, the ratio of NaH2PO4/Na2CO3, the volume of the sample, and the pH were screened using a Plackett-Burman design. 27130127 6 29 theme NaH2PO4/Na2CO3 1172:1185 arg1 volume 1137:1142 the volume 1133:1142 the volume of desorption 1133:1156 The amount of β-CD/ATP sorbent, the volume of desorption, the ratio of NaH2PO4/Na2CO3, the volume of the sample, and the pH were screened using a Plackett-Burman design. 27130127 6 29 theme NaH2PO4/Na2CO3 1172:1185 arg1 NaH2PO4/Na2CO3 1172:1185 NaH2PO4/Na2CO3 1172:1185 NaH2PO4/Na2CO3 1172:1185 The amount of β-CD/ATP sorbent, the volume of desorption, the ratio of NaH2PO4/Na2CO3, the volume of the sample, and the pH were screened using a Plackett-Burman design. 27130127 6 29 theme NaH2PO4/Na2CO3 1172:1185 arg1 amount 1105:1110 The amount 1101:1110 The amount of β-CD/ATP sorbent 1101:1130 The amount of β-CD/ATP sorbent, the volume of desorption, the ratio of NaH2PO4/Na2CO3, the volume of the sample, and the pH were screened using a Plackett-Burman design. 27130127 6 29 theme NaH2PO4/Na2CO3 1172:1185 arg1 desorption 1147:1156 desorption 1147:1156 desorption 1147:1156 The amount of β-CD/ATP sorbent, the volume of desorption, the ratio of NaH2PO4/Na2CO3, the volume of the sample, and the pH were screened using a Plackett-Burman design. 27130127 6 29 theme NaH2PO4/Na2CO3 1172:1185 arg1 sorbent 1124:1130 β-CD/ATP sorbent 1115:1130 β-CD/ATP sorbent 1115:1130 The amount of β-CD/ATP sorbent, the volume of desorption, the ratio of NaH2PO4/Na2CO3, the volume of the sample, and the pH were screened using a Plackett-Burman design. 27130127 5 30 dep interactions 941:952 arg1 effects 982:988 the hydrophobic effects 966:988 especially the hydrophobic effects 955:988 Moreover, in the extraction procedure, both the β-cyclodextrin inclusion interactions (especially the hydrophobic effects) and the special structure of the ATP contributed to the efficient enrichment of pyrethroids in aqueous media. 27130127 8 31 theme optimized 1372:1380 arg1 conditions 1382:1391 the optimized conditions 1368:1391 the optimized conditions 1368:1391 Under the optimized conditions, a good repeatability (RSDs) ranging from 1.7 to 2.3, linearity (2.5-500μgL(-1)), limits of detection (LODs) (0.15-1.03μgL(-1)), and an acceptable recoveries (76.8-86.5%) were achieved. 27130127 4 32 theme extraction 781:790 arg1 efficiency 792:801 an excellent extraction efficiency 768:801 an excellent extraction efficiency compared to commercially available sorbents such as C18 and HLB 768:865 In the process, the β-CD/ATP sorbent resulted in an excellent extraction efficiency compared to commercially available sorbents such as C18 and HLB. 27130127 5 33 from enrichment 1057:1066 arg1 media 1094:1098 aqueous media 1086:1098 aqueous media 1086:1098 Moreover, in the extraction procedure, both the β-cyclodextrin inclusion interactions (especially the hydrophobic effects) and the special structure of the ATP contributed to the efficient enrichment of pyrethroids in aqueous media. 27130127 1 34 theme in-syringe 260:269 arg1 EAIS-DSPE 306:314 EAIS-DSPE 306:314 EAIS-DSPE 306:314 In this research, an effervescence-assisted β-cyclodextrin/attapulgite composite (β-CD/ATP) for the in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction (EAIS-DSPE) of pyrethroids in environmental samples was developed for the first time. 27130127 1 34 theme in-syringe 260:269 arg1 extraction 294:303 the in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction 256:303 the in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction (EAIS-DSPE) of pyrethroids in environmental samples 256:355 In this research, an effervescence-assisted β-cyclodextrin/attapulgite composite (β-CD/ATP) for the in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction (EAIS-DSPE) of pyrethroids in environmental samples was developed for the first time. 27130127 0 35 theme in-syringe 68:77 arg1 extraction 102:111 the in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction 64:111 the in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction of pyrethroids in environmental water samples 64:157 Effervescence-assisted β-cyclodextrin/attapulgite composite for the in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction of pyrethroids in environmental water samples. 27130127 1 36 theme dispersive 271:280 arg1 EAIS-DSPE 306:314 EAIS-DSPE 306:314 EAIS-DSPE 306:314 In this research, an effervescence-assisted β-cyclodextrin/attapulgite composite (β-CD/ATP) for the in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction (EAIS-DSPE) of pyrethroids in environmental samples was developed for the first time. 27130127 1 36 theme dispersive 271:280 arg1 extraction 294:303 the in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction 256:303 the in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction (EAIS-DSPE) of pyrethroids in environmental samples 256:355 In this research, an effervescence-assisted β-cyclodextrin/attapulgite composite (β-CD/ATP) for the in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction (EAIS-DSPE) of pyrethroids in environmental samples was developed for the first time. 27130127 6 37 theme sorbent 1124:1130 arg1 pH 1222:1223 the pH 1218:1223 the pH 1218:1223 The amount of β-CD/ATP sorbent, the volume of desorption, the ratio of NaH2PO4/Na2CO3, the volume of the sample, and the pH were screened using a Plackett-Burman design. 27130127 6 37 theme sorbent 1124:1130 arg1 volume 1192:1197 the volume 1188:1197 the volume of the sample 1188:1211 The amount of β-CD/ATP sorbent, the volume of desorption, the ratio of NaH2PO4/Na2CO3, the volume of the sample, and the pH were screened using a Plackett-Burman design. 27130127 6 37 theme sorbent 1124:1130 arg1 ratio 1163:1167 the ratio 1159:1167 the ratio of NaH2PO4/Na2CO3 1159:1185 The amount of β-CD/ATP sorbent, the volume of desorption, the ratio of NaH2PO4/Na2CO3, the volume of the sample, and the pH were screened using a Plackett-Burman design. 27130127 6 37 theme sorbent 1124:1130 arg1 sample 1206:1211 the sample 1202:1211 the sample 1202:1211 The amount of β-CD/ATP sorbent, the volume of desorption, the ratio of NaH2PO4/Na2CO3, the volume of the sample, and the pH were screened using a Plackett-Burman design. 27130127 6 37 theme sorbent 1124:1130 arg1 volume 1137:1142 the volume 1133:1142 the volume of desorption 1133:1156 The amount of β-CD/ATP sorbent, the volume of desorption, the ratio of NaH2PO4/Na2CO3, the volume of the sample, and the pH were screened using a Plackett-Burman design. 27130127 6 37 theme sorbent 1124:1130 arg1 NaH2PO4/Na2CO3 1172:1185 NaH2PO4/Na2CO3 1172:1185 NaH2PO4/Na2CO3 1172:1185 The amount of β-CD/ATP sorbent, the volume of desorption, the ratio of NaH2PO4/Na2CO3, the volume of the sample, and the pH were screened using a Plackett-Burman design. 27130127 6 37 theme sorbent 1124:1130 arg1 amount 1105:1110 The amount 1101:1110 The amount of β-CD/ATP sorbent 1101:1130 The amount of β-CD/ATP sorbent, the volume of desorption, the ratio of NaH2PO4/Na2CO3, the volume of the sample, and the pH were screened using a Plackett-Burman design. 27130127 6 37 theme sorbent 1124:1130 arg1 desorption 1147:1156 desorption 1147:1156 desorption 1147:1156 The amount of β-CD/ATP sorbent, the volume of desorption, the ratio of NaH2PO4/Na2CO3, the volume of the sample, and the pH were screened using a Plackett-Burman design. 27130127 6 37 theme sorbent 1124:1130 arg1 sorbent 1124:1130 β-CD/ATP sorbent 1115:1130 β-CD/ATP sorbent 1115:1130 The amount of β-CD/ATP sorbent, the volume of desorption, the ratio of NaH2PO4/Na2CO3, the volume of the sample, and the pH were screened using a Plackett-Burman design. 27130127 3 38 theme filter 644:649 arg1 membrane 651:658 a filter membrane 642:658 a filter membrane 642:658 Then, the sorbent was recovered using a filter membrane, and the analytes were directly eluted using acetonitrile. 27130127 9 39 theme reservoir 1718:1726 arg1 water 1728:1732 reservoir water 1718:1732 reservoir water 1718:1732 Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of pyrethroids in environmental samples including river water, reservoir water and lake water. 27130127 1 40 theme solid-phase 282:292 arg1 EAIS-DSPE 306:314 EAIS-DSPE 306:314 EAIS-DSPE 306:314 In this research, an effervescence-assisted β-cyclodextrin/attapulgite composite (β-CD/ATP) for the in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction (EAIS-DSPE) of pyrethroids in environmental samples was developed for the first time. 27130127 1 40 theme solid-phase 282:292 arg1 extraction 294:303 the in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction 256:303 the in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction (EAIS-DSPE) of pyrethroids in environmental samples 256:355 In this research, an effervescence-assisted β-cyclodextrin/attapulgite composite (β-CD/ATP) for the in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction (EAIS-DSPE) of pyrethroids in environmental samples was developed for the first time. 27130127 0 41 theme solid-phase 90:100 arg1 extraction 102:111 the in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction 64:111 the in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction of pyrethroids in environmental water samples 64:157 Effervescence-assisted β-cyclodextrin/attapulgite composite for the in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction of pyrethroids in environmental water samples. 27130127 1 42 theme first 379:383 arg1 time 385:388 the first time 375:388 the first time 375:388 In this research, an effervescence-assisted β-cyclodextrin/attapulgite composite (β-CD/ATP) for the in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction (EAIS-DSPE) of pyrethroids in environmental samples was developed for the first time. 27130127 0 43 from extraction 102:111 arg1 samples 151:157 environmental water samples 131:157 environmental water samples 131:157 Effervescence-assisted β-cyclodextrin/attapulgite composite for the in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction of pyrethroids in environmental water samples. 27130127 5 44 theme pyrethroids 1071:1081 arg1 enrichment 1057:1066 the efficient enrichment 1043:1066 the efficient enrichment of pyrethroids in aqueous media 1043:1098 Moreover, in the extraction procedure, both the β-cyclodextrin inclusion interactions (especially the hydrophobic effects) and the special structure of the ATP contributed to the efficient enrichment of pyrethroids in aqueous media. 27130127 9 45 theme pyrethroids 1658:1668 arg1 determination 1641:1653 the determination 1637:1653 the determination of pyrethroids in environmental samples including river water, reservoir water and lake water 1637:1747 Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of pyrethroids in environmental samples including river water, reservoir water and lake water. 27130127 0 46 theme dispersive 79:88 arg1 extraction 102:111 the in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction 64:111 the in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction of pyrethroids in environmental water samples 64:157 Effervescence-assisted β-cyclodextrin/attapulgite composite for the in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction of pyrethroids in environmental water samples. 27130127 9 47 from pyrethroids 1658:1668 arg1 water 1743:1747 lake water 1738:1747 lake water 1738:1747 Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of pyrethroids in environmental samples including river water, reservoir water and lake water. 27130127 9 47 from pyrethroids 1658:1668 arg1 samples 1687:1693 environmental samples 1673:1693 environmental samples including river water, reservoir water and lake water 1673:1747 Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of pyrethroids in environmental samples including river water, reservoir water and lake water. 27130127 9 47 from pyrethroids 1658:1668 arg1 water 1711:1715 river water 1705:1715 river water 1705:1715 Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of pyrethroids in environmental samples including river water, reservoir water and lake water. 27130127 9 47 from pyrethroids 1658:1668 arg1 water 1728:1732 reservoir water 1718:1732 reservoir water 1718:1732 Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of pyrethroids in environmental samples including river water, reservoir water and lake water. 27130127 5 48 theme aqueous 1086:1092 arg1 media 1094:1098 aqueous media 1086:1098 aqueous media 1086:1098 Moreover, in the extraction procedure, both the β-cyclodextrin inclusion interactions (especially the hydrophobic effects) and the special structure of the ATP contributed to the efficient enrichment of pyrethroids in aqueous media. 27130127 2 49 with solution 500:507 arg1 release 518:524 the release 514:524 the release of carbon dioxide 514:542 A syringe was used to conduct the extraction procedure and a small amount of β-CD/ATP was dispersed into the solution with the release of carbon dioxide when the effervescent tablet components dissolved in water. 27130127 4 50 theme β-CD/ATP 739:746 arg1 sorbent 748:754 the β-CD/ATP sorbent 735:754 the β-CD/ATP sorbent 735:754 In the process, the β-CD/ATP sorbent resulted in an excellent extraction efficiency compared to commercially available sorbents such as C18 and HLB. 27130127 8 51 dep 2.3 1442:1444 arg1 to 1439:1440 to 1439:1440 to 1439:1440 Under the optimized conditions, a good repeatability (RSDs) ranging from 1.7 to 2.3, linearity (2.5-500μgL(-1)), limits of detection (LODs) (0.15-1.03μgL(-1)), and an acceptable recoveries (76.8-86.5%) were achieved. 27130127 1 52 from extraction 294:303 arg1 samples 349:355 environmental samples 335:355 environmental samples 335:355 In this research, an effervescence-assisted β-cyclodextrin/attapulgite composite (β-CD/ATP) for the in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction (EAIS-DSPE) of pyrethroids in environmental samples was developed for the first time. 27130127 5 53 theme hydrophobic 970:980 arg1 effects 982:988 the hydrophobic effects 966:988 especially the hydrophobic effects 955:988 Moreover, in the extraction procedure, both the β-cyclodextrin inclusion interactions (especially the hydrophobic effects) and the special structure of the ATP contributed to the efficient enrichment of pyrethroids in aqueous media. 27130127 6 54 theme desorption 1147:1156 arg1 pH 1222:1223 the pH 1218:1223 the pH 1218:1223 The amount of β-CD/ATP sorbent, the volume of desorption, the ratio of NaH2PO4/Na2CO3, the volume of the sample, and the pH were screened using a Plackett-Burman design. 27130127 6 54 theme desorption 1147:1156 arg1 volume 1192:1197 the volume 1188:1197 the volume of the sample 1188:1211 The amount of β-CD/ATP sorbent, the volume of desorption, the ratio of NaH2PO4/Na2CO3, the volume of the sample, and the pH were screened using a Plackett-Burman design. 27130127 6 54 theme desorption 1147:1156 arg1 ratio 1163:1167 the ratio 1159:1167 the ratio of NaH2PO4/Na2CO3 1159:1185 The amount of β-CD/ATP sorbent, the volume of desorption, the ratio of NaH2PO4/Na2CO3, the volume of the sample, and the pH were screened using a Plackett-Burman design. 27130127 6 54 theme desorption 1147:1156 arg1 sample 1206:1211 the sample 1202:1211 the sample 1202:1211 The amount of β-CD/ATP sorbent, the volume of desorption, the ratio of NaH2PO4/Na2CO3, the volume of the sample, and the pH were screened using a Plackett-Burman design. 27130127 6 54 theme desorption 1147:1156 arg1 volume 1137:1142 the volume 1133:1142 the volume of desorption 1133:1156 The amount of β-CD/ATP sorbent, the volume of desorption, the ratio of NaH2PO4/Na2CO3, the volume of the sample, and the pH were screened using a Plackett-Burman design. 27130127 6 54 theme desorption 1147:1156 arg1 NaH2PO4/Na2CO3 1172:1185 NaH2PO4/Na2CO3 1172:1185 NaH2PO4/Na2CO3 1172:1185 The amount of β-CD/ATP sorbent, the volume of desorption, the ratio of NaH2PO4/Na2CO3, the volume of the sample, and the pH were screened using a Plackett-Burman design. 27130127 6 54 theme desorption 1147:1156 arg1 amount 1105:1110 The amount 1101:1110 The amount of β-CD/ATP sorbent 1101:1130 The amount of β-CD/ATP sorbent, the volume of desorption, the ratio of NaH2PO4/Na2CO3, the volume of the sample, and the pH were screened using a Plackett-Burman design. 27130127 6 54 theme desorption 1147:1156 arg1 desorption 1147:1156 desorption 1147:1156 desorption 1147:1156 The amount of β-CD/ATP sorbent, the volume of desorption, the ratio of NaH2PO4/Na2CO3, the volume of the sample, and the pH were screened using a Plackett-Burman design. 27130127 6 54 theme desorption 1147:1156 arg1 sorbent 1124:1130 β-CD/ATP sorbent 1115:1130 β-CD/ATP sorbent 1115:1130 The amount of β-CD/ATP sorbent, the volume of desorption, the ratio of NaH2PO4/Na2CO3, the volume of the sample, and the pH were screened using a Plackett-Burman design. 27130127 8 55 theme acceptable 1529:1538 arg1 recoveries 1540:1549 an acceptable recoveries 1526:1549 an acceptable recoveries (76.8-86.5%) 1526:1562 Under the optimized conditions, a good repeatability (RSDs) ranging from 1.7 to 2.3, linearity (2.5-500μgL(-1)), limits of detection (LODs) (0.15-1.03μgL(-1)), and an acceptable recoveries (76.8-86.5%) were achieved. 27130127 8 55 theme acceptable 1529:1538 arg1 % 1561:1561 76.8-86.5% 1552:1561 76.8-86.5% 1552:1561 Under the optimized conditions, a good repeatability (RSDs) ranging from 1.7 to 2.3, linearity (2.5-500μgL(-1)), limits of detection (LODs) (0.15-1.03μgL(-1)), and an acceptable recoveries (76.8-86.5%) were achieved. 27130127 5 56 theme inclusion 931:939 arg1 interactions 941:952 the β-cyclodextrin inclusion interactions 912:952 the β-cyclodextrin inclusion interactions (especially the hydrophobic effects) 912:989 Moreover, in the extraction procedure, both the β-cyclodextrin inclusion interactions (especially the hydrophobic effects) and the special structure of the ATP contributed to the efficient enrichment of pyrethroids in aqueous media. 27130127 9 57 theme environmental 1673:1685 arg1 water 1743:1747 lake water 1738:1747 lake water 1738:1747 Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of pyrethroids in environmental samples including river water, reservoir water and lake water. 27130127 9 57 theme environmental 1673:1685 arg1 samples 1687:1693 environmental samples 1673:1693 environmental samples including river water, reservoir water and lake water 1673:1747 Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of pyrethroids in environmental samples including river water, reservoir water and lake water. 27130127 9 57 theme environmental 1673:1685 arg1 water 1711:1715 river water 1705:1715 river water 1705:1715 Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of pyrethroids in environmental samples including river water, reservoir water and lake water. 27130127 9 57 theme environmental 1673:1685 arg1 water 1728:1732 reservoir water 1718:1732 reservoir water 1718:1732 Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of pyrethroids in environmental samples including river water, reservoir water and lake water. 27130127 5 58 theme extraction 885:894 arg1 procedure 896:904 the extraction procedure 881:904 the extraction procedure 881:904 Moreover, in the extraction procedure, both the β-cyclodextrin inclusion interactions (especially the hydrophobic effects) and the special structure of the ATP contributed to the efficient enrichment of pyrethroids in aqueous media. 27130127 2 59 theme extraction 425:434 arg1 procedure 436:444 the extraction procedure 421:444 the extraction procedure 421:444 A syringe was used to conduct the extraction procedure and a small amount of β-CD/ATP was dispersed into the solution with the release of carbon dioxide when the effervescent tablet components dissolved in water. 27130127 8 60 theme good 1396:1399 arg1 RSDs 1416:1419 RSDs 1416:1419 RSDs 1416:1419 Under the optimized conditions, a good repeatability (RSDs) ranging from 1.7 to 2.3, linearity (2.5-500μgL(-1)), limits of detection (LODs) (0.15-1.03μgL(-1)), and an acceptable recoveries (76.8-86.5%) were achieved. 27130127 8 60 theme good 1396:1399 arg1 repeatability 1401:1413 a good repeatability 1394:1413 a good repeatability (RSDs) ranging from 1.7 to 2.3 1394:1444 Under the optimized conditions, a good repeatability (RSDs) ranging from 1.7 to 2.3, linearity (2.5-500μgL(-1)), limits of detection (LODs) (0.15-1.03μgL(-1)), and an acceptable recoveries (76.8-86.5%) were achieved. 27130127 9 61 from determination 1641:1653 arg1 water 1743:1747 lake water 1738:1747 lake water 1738:1747 Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of pyrethroids in environmental samples including river water, reservoir water and lake water. 27130127 9 61 from determination 1641:1653 arg1 samples 1687:1693 environmental samples 1673:1693 environmental samples including river water, reservoir water and lake water 1673:1747 Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of pyrethroids in environmental samples including river water, reservoir water and lake water. 27130127 9 61 from determination 1641:1653 arg1 water 1711:1715 river water 1705:1715 river water 1705:1715 Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of pyrethroids in environmental samples including river water, reservoir water and lake water. 27130127 9 61 from determination 1641:1653 arg1 water 1728:1732 reservoir water 1718:1732 reservoir water 1718:1732 Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of pyrethroids in environmental samples including river water, reservoir water and lake water. 27130127 5 62 theme efficient 1047:1055 arg1 enrichment 1057:1066 the efficient enrichment 1043:1066 the efficient enrichment of pyrethroids in aqueous media 1043:1098 Moreover, in the extraction procedure, both the β-cyclodextrin inclusion interactions (especially the hydrophobic effects) and the special structure of the ATP contributed to the efficient enrichment of pyrethroids in aqueous media. 27130127 1 63 theme effervescence-assisted 181:202 arg1 β-cyclodextrin/attapulgite 204:229 an effervescence-assisted β-cyclodextrin/attapulgite composite 178:239 an effervescence-assisted β-cyclodextrin/attapulgite composite (β-CD/ATP) for the in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction (EAIS-DSPE) of pyrethroids in environmental samples 178:355 In this research, an effervescence-assisted β-cyclodextrin/attapulgite composite (β-CD/ATP) for the in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction (EAIS-DSPE) of pyrethroids in environmental samples was developed for the first time. 27130127 1 63 theme effervescence-assisted 181:202 arg1 β-CD/ATP 242:249 β-CD/ATP 242:249 β-CD/ATP 242:249 In this research, an effervescence-assisted β-cyclodextrin/attapulgite composite (β-CD/ATP) for the in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction (EAIS-DSPE) of pyrethroids in environmental samples was developed for the first time. 28655662 2 0 theme uncoated 484:491 arg1 control 520:526 control 520:526 control 520:526 To find the effects of CMC/GEO composite coatings, strawberries were coated with CMC, CMC+GEO (1%), CMC+GEO (2%), CMC+GEO (3%) and stored, while the uncoated strawberries were taken as control during storing. 28655662 2 0 theme uncoated 484:491 arg1 strawberries 493:504 the uncoated strawberries 480:504 the uncoated strawberries 480:504 To find the effects of CMC/GEO composite coatings, strawberries were coated with CMC, CMC+GEO (1%), CMC+GEO (2%), CMC+GEO (3%) and stored, while the uncoated strawberries were taken as control during storing. 28655662 1 1 theme GEO 240:242 arg1 coatings 255:262 carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/garlic essential oil (GEO) composite coatings 188:262 carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/garlic essential oil (GEO) composite coatings 188:262 The present study was aimed to determine the effects of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/garlic essential oil (GEO) composite coatings in improving the quality of strawberries stored at 20°C and 35-40% RH. 28655662 3 2 theme composite 573:581 arg1 coatings 583:590 CMC/GEO composite coatings 565:590 CMC/GEO composite coatings 565:590 The effectiveness of CMC/GEO composite coatings was evaluated by measuring their weight loss, decay percentage, ascorbic acid, total phenols, anthocyanins, titratable acidity, total soluble solids and sensory evaluation. 28655662 3 3 theme sensory 745:751 arg1 evaluation 753:762 sensory evaluation 745:762 sensory evaluation 745:762 The effectiveness of CMC/GEO composite coatings was evaluated by measuring their weight loss, decay percentage, ascorbic acid, total phenols, anthocyanins, titratable acidity, total soluble solids and sensory evaluation. 28655662 5 4 used used 1002:1005 arg2 coatings 986:993 CMC/GEO composite coatings 968:993 CMC/GEO composite coatings 968:993 Results of this study confirm that CMC/GEO composite coatings can be used to improve the quality of strawberries. 28655662 4 5 theme composite 802:810 arg1 coatings 812:819 CMC+GEO (2%) composite coatings 789:819 CMC+GEO (2%) composite coatings 789:819 After 6days of storage, CMC+GEO (2%) composite coatings was found very effective in decreasing the senescence and maintaining the nutritional contents of strawberries. 28655662 3 6 theme coatings 583:590 arg1 effectiveness 548:560 The effectiveness 544:560 The effectiveness of CMC/GEO composite coatings 544:590 The effectiveness of CMC/GEO composite coatings was evaluated by measuring their weight loss, decay percentage, ascorbic acid, total phenols, anthocyanins, titratable acidity, total soluble solids and sensory evaluation. 28655662 1 7 theme composite 245:253 arg1 coatings 255:262 carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/garlic essential oil (GEO) composite coatings 188:262 carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/garlic essential oil (GEO) composite coatings 188:262 The present study was aimed to determine the effects of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/garlic essential oil (GEO) composite coatings in improving the quality of strawberries stored at 20°C and 35-40% RH. 28655662 1 8 theme coatings 255:262 arg1 effects 177:183 the effects 173:183 the effects of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/garlic essential oil (GEO) composite coatings in improving the quality of strawberries stored at 20°C and 35-40% RH 173:332 The present study was aimed to determine the effects of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/garlic essential oil (GEO) composite coatings in improving the quality of strawberries stored at 20°C and 35-40% RH. 28655662 0 9 theme strawberries 118:129 arg1 quality 107:113 quality 107:113 quality of strawberries 107:129 Effects of carboxymethyl cellulose incorporated with garlic essential oil composite coatings for improving quality of strawberries. 28655662 3 10 theme weight 625:630 arg1 loss 632:635 weight loss 625:635 weight loss 625:635 The effectiveness of CMC/GEO composite coatings was evaluated by measuring their weight loss, decay percentage, ascorbic acid, total phenols, anthocyanins, titratable acidity, total soluble solids and sensory evaluation. 28655662 2 11 theme CMC/GEO 358:364 arg1 coatings 376:383 CMC/GEO composite coatings 358:383 CMC/GEO composite coatings 358:383 To find the effects of CMC/GEO composite coatings, strawberries were coated with CMC, CMC+GEO (1%), CMC+GEO (2%), CMC+GEO (3%) and stored, while the uncoated strawberries were taken as control during storing. 28655662 3 12 theme titratable 700:709 arg1 acidity 711:717 titratable acidity 700:717 titratable acidity 700:717 The effectiveness of CMC/GEO composite coatings was evaluated by measuring their weight loss, decay percentage, ascorbic acid, total phenols, anthocyanins, titratable acidity, total soluble solids and sensory evaluation. 28655662 3 12 theme titratable 700:709 arg1 phenols 677:683 total phenols 671:683 total phenols 671:683 The effectiveness of CMC/GEO composite coatings was evaluated by measuring their weight loss, decay percentage, ascorbic acid, total phenols, anthocyanins, titratable acidity, total soluble solids and sensory evaluation. 28655662 5 13 theme composite 976:984 arg1 coatings 986:993 CMC/GEO composite coatings 968:993 CMC/GEO composite coatings 968:993 Results of this study confirm that CMC/GEO composite coatings can be used to improve the quality of strawberries. 28655662 5 14 theme strawberries 1033:1044 arg1 quality 1022:1028 the quality 1018:1028 the quality of strawberries 1018:1044 Results of this study confirm that CMC/GEO composite coatings can be used to improve the quality of strawberries. 28655662 5 15 theme CMC/GEO 968:974 arg1 coatings 986:993 CMC/GEO composite coatings 968:993 CMC/GEO composite coatings 968:993 Results of this study confirm that CMC/GEO composite coatings can be used to improve the quality of strawberries. 28655662 3 16 theme decay 638:642 arg1 percentage 644:653 decay percentage 638:653 decay percentage 638:653 The effectiveness of CMC/GEO composite coatings was evaluated by measuring their weight loss, decay percentage, ascorbic acid, total phenols, anthocyanins, titratable acidity, total soluble solids and sensory evaluation. 28655662 0 17 theme cellulose 25:33 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of carboxymethyl cellulose 0:33 Effects of carboxymethyl cellulose incorporated with garlic essential oil composite coatings for improving quality of strawberries. 28655662 1 18 dep % 329:329 arg1 35-40 324:328 35-40 324:328 35-40 324:328 The present study was aimed to determine the effects of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/garlic essential oil (GEO) composite coatings in improving the quality of strawberries stored at 20°C and 35-40% RH. 28655662 1 18 dep % 329:329 arg1 20°C 315:318 20°C 315:318 20°C 315:318 The present study was aimed to determine the effects of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/garlic essential oil (GEO) composite coatings in improving the quality of strawberries stored at 20°C and 35-40% RH. 28655662 0 19 theme carboxymethyl 11:23 arg1 cellulose 25:33 carboxymethyl cellulose 11:33 carboxymethyl cellulose 11:33 Effects of carboxymethyl cellulose incorporated with garlic essential oil composite coatings for improving quality of strawberries. 28655662 4 20 theme CMC+GEO 789:795 arg1 coatings 812:819 CMC+GEO (2%) composite coatings 789:819 CMC+GEO (2%) composite coatings 789:819 After 6days of storage, CMC+GEO (2%) composite coatings was found very effective in decreasing the senescence and maintaining the nutritional contents of strawberries. 28655662 2 21 theme coatings 376:383 arg1 effects 347:353 the effects 343:353 the effects of CMC/GEO composite coatings 343:383 To find the effects of CMC/GEO composite coatings, strawberries were coated with CMC, CMC+GEO (1%), CMC+GEO (2%), CMC+GEO (3%) and stored, while the uncoated strawberries were taken as control during storing. 28655662 5 22 theme study 949:953 arg1 Results 933:939 Results 933:939 Results of this study 933:953 Results of this study confirm that CMC/GEO composite coatings can be used to improve the quality of strawberries. 28655662 3 23 theme total 671:675 arg1 solids 734:739 total soluble solids 720:739 total soluble solids 720:739 The effectiveness of CMC/GEO composite coatings was evaluated by measuring their weight loss, decay percentage, ascorbic acid, total phenols, anthocyanins, titratable acidity, total soluble solids and sensory evaluation. 28655662 3 23 theme total 671:675 arg1 anthocyanins 686:697 anthocyanins 686:697 anthocyanins 686:697 The effectiveness of CMC/GEO composite coatings was evaluated by measuring their weight loss, decay percentage, ascorbic acid, total phenols, anthocyanins, titratable acidity, total soluble solids and sensory evaluation. 28655662 3 23 theme total 671:675 arg1 acidity 711:717 titratable acidity 700:717 titratable acidity 700:717 The effectiveness of CMC/GEO composite coatings was evaluated by measuring their weight loss, decay percentage, ascorbic acid, total phenols, anthocyanins, titratable acidity, total soluble solids and sensory evaluation. 28655662 3 23 theme total 671:675 arg1 phenols 677:683 total phenols 671:683 total phenols 671:683 The effectiveness of CMC/GEO composite coatings was evaluated by measuring their weight loss, decay percentage, ascorbic acid, total phenols, anthocyanins, titratable acidity, total soluble solids and sensory evaluation. 28655662 2 24 theme composite 366:374 arg1 coatings 376:383 CMC/GEO composite coatings 358:383 CMC/GEO composite coatings 358:383 To find the effects of CMC/GEO composite coatings, strawberries were coated with CMC, CMC+GEO (1%), CMC+GEO (2%), CMC+GEO (3%) and stored, while the uncoated strawberries were taken as control during storing. 28655662 0 25 theme essential 60:68 arg1 coatings 84:91 garlic essential oil composite coatings 53:91 garlic essential oil composite coatings for improving quality of strawberries 53:129 Effects of carboxymethyl cellulose incorporated with garlic essential oil composite coatings for improving quality of strawberries. 28655662 1 26 theme strawberries 292:303 arg1 quality 281:287 the quality 277:287 the quality of strawberries stored at 20°C and 35-40% RH 277:332 The present study was aimed to determine the effects of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/garlic essential oil (GEO) composite coatings in improving the quality of strawberries stored at 20°C and 35-40% RH. 28655662 0 27 theme garlic 53:58 arg1 coatings 84:91 garlic essential oil composite coatings 53:91 garlic essential oil composite coatings for improving quality of strawberries 53:129 Effects of carboxymethyl cellulose incorporated with garlic essential oil composite coatings for improving quality of strawberries. 28655662 1 28 dep RH 331:332 arg1 % 329:329 % 329:329 % 329:329 The present study was aimed to determine the effects of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/garlic essential oil (GEO) composite coatings in improving the quality of strawberries stored at 20°C and 35-40% RH. 28655662 3 29 theme ascorbic 656:663 arg1 acid 665:668 ascorbic acid 656:668 ascorbic acid 656:668 The effectiveness of CMC/GEO composite coatings was evaluated by measuring their weight loss, decay percentage, ascorbic acid, total phenols, anthocyanins, titratable acidity, total soluble solids and sensory evaluation. 28655662 3 30 theme CMC/GEO 565:571 arg1 coatings 583:590 CMC/GEO composite coatings 565:590 CMC/GEO composite coatings 565:590 The effectiveness of CMC/GEO composite coatings was evaluated by measuring their weight loss, decay percentage, ascorbic acid, total phenols, anthocyanins, titratable acidity, total soluble solids and sensory evaluation. 28655662 1 31 theme present 136:142 arg1 study 144:148 The present study 132:148 The present study 132:148 The present study was aimed to determine the effects of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/garlic essential oil (GEO) composite coatings in improving the quality of strawberries stored at 20°C and 35-40% RH. 28655662 1 32 theme /garlic 217:223 arg1 coatings 255:262 carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/garlic essential oil (GEO) composite coatings 188:262 carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/garlic essential oil (GEO) composite coatings 188:262 The present study was aimed to determine the effects of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/garlic essential oil (GEO) composite coatings in improving the quality of strawberries stored at 20°C and 35-40% RH. 28655662 4 33 theme storage 780:786 arg1 6days 771:775 6days 771:775 6days of storage 771:786 After 6days of storage, CMC+GEO (2%) composite coatings was found very effective in decreasing the senescence and maintaining the nutritional contents of strawberries. 28655662 3 34 theme total 720:724 arg1 solids 734:739 total soluble solids 720:739 total soluble solids 720:739 The effectiveness of CMC/GEO composite coatings was evaluated by measuring their weight loss, decay percentage, ascorbic acid, total phenols, anthocyanins, titratable acidity, total soluble solids and sensory evaluation. 28655662 3 34 theme total 720:724 arg1 phenols 677:683 total phenols 671:683 total phenols 671:683 The effectiveness of CMC/GEO composite coatings was evaluated by measuring their weight loss, decay percentage, ascorbic acid, total phenols, anthocyanins, titratable acidity, total soluble solids and sensory evaluation. 28655662 1 35 theme essential 225:233 arg1 coatings 255:262 carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/garlic essential oil (GEO) composite coatings 188:262 carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/garlic essential oil (GEO) composite coatings 188:262 The present study was aimed to determine the effects of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/garlic essential oil (GEO) composite coatings in improving the quality of strawberries stored at 20°C and 35-40% RH. 28655662 0 36 theme composite 74:82 arg1 coatings 84:91 garlic essential oil composite coatings 53:91 garlic essential oil composite coatings for improving quality of strawberries 53:129 Effects of carboxymethyl cellulose incorporated with garlic essential oil composite coatings for improving quality of strawberries. 28655662 3 37 theme soluble 726:732 arg1 solids 734:739 total soluble solids 720:739 total soluble solids 720:739 The effectiveness of CMC/GEO composite coatings was evaluated by measuring their weight loss, decay percentage, ascorbic acid, total phenols, anthocyanins, titratable acidity, total soluble solids and sensory evaluation. 28655662 3 37 theme soluble 726:732 arg1 phenols 677:683 total phenols 671:683 total phenols 671:683 The effectiveness of CMC/GEO composite coatings was evaluated by measuring their weight loss, decay percentage, ascorbic acid, total phenols, anthocyanins, titratable acidity, total soluble solids and sensory evaluation. 28655662 1 38 theme oil 235:237 arg1 coatings 255:262 carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/garlic essential oil (GEO) composite coatings 188:262 carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/garlic essential oil (GEO) composite coatings 188:262 The present study was aimed to determine the effects of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/garlic essential oil (GEO) composite coatings in improving the quality of strawberries stored at 20°C and 35-40% RH. 28655662 0 39 theme oil 70:72 arg1 coatings 84:91 garlic essential oil composite coatings 53:91 garlic essential oil composite coatings for improving quality of strawberries 53:129 Effects of carboxymethyl cellulose incorporated with garlic essential oil composite coatings for improving quality of strawberries. 28655662 4 40 theme nutritional 895:905 arg1 contents 907:914 the nutritional contents 891:914 the nutritional contents of strawberries 891:930 After 6days of storage, CMC+GEO (2%) composite coatings was found very effective in decreasing the senescence and maintaining the nutritional contents of strawberries. 28655662 4 41 theme strawberries 919:930 arg1 contents 907:914 the nutritional contents 891:914 the nutritional contents of strawberries 891:930 After 6days of storage, CMC+GEO (2%) composite coatings was found very effective in decreasing the senescence and maintaining the nutritional contents of strawberries. 28159269 6 0 theme enthalpy 818:825 arg1 area 794:797 the peak area 785:797 the peak area of the endothermic enthalpy 785:825 The peak temperature in the heat flow diagram shifted to a higher temperature and the peak area of the endothermic enthalpy increased. 28159269 6 0 theme enthalpy 818:825 arg1 temperature 712:722 The peak temperature 703:722 The peak temperature in the heat flow diagram shifted to a higher temperature 703:779 The peak temperature in the heat flow diagram shifted to a higher temperature and the peak area of the endothermic enthalpy increased. 28159269 6 1 theme endothermic 806:816 arg1 enthalpy 818:825 the endothermic enthalpy 802:825 the endothermic enthalpy 802:825 The peak temperature in the heat flow diagram shifted to a higher temperature and the peak area of the endothermic enthalpy increased. 28159269 6 2 theme heat 731:734 arg1 diagram 741:747 the heat flow diagram 727:747 the heat flow diagram shifted to a higher temperature 727:779 The peak temperature in the heat flow diagram shifted to a higher temperature and the peak area of the endothermic enthalpy increased. 28159269 0 3 theme starch 100:105 arg1 gel 107:109 wheat starch gel 94:109 wheat starch gel 94:109 Characterization of Lentinus edodes β-glucan influencing the in vitro starch digestibility of wheat starch gel. 28159269 8 4 theme glycemic 915:922 arg1 index 924:928 glycemic index 915:928 The predicted glycemic index (pGI) values 901:941 The predicted glycemic index (pGI) values were reduced when starch was replaced with LEBG at 20% (w/w). 28159269 8 4 theme glycemic 915:922 arg1 pGI 931:933 pGI 931:933 pGI 931:933 The predicted glycemic index (pGI) values were reduced when starch was replaced with LEBG at 20% (w/w). 28159269 7 5 theme starch 882:887 arg1 hydrolysis 889:898 starch hydrolysis 882:898 starch hydrolysis 882:898 Furthermore, LEBG can significantly inhibit starch hydrolysis. 28159269 3 6 theme 5:11:18:644:16 482:495 arg1 ratio 473:477 a molar ratio 465:477 a molar ratio of 5:11:18:644:16 465:495 In addition, the monosaccharide composition of LEBG was composed of arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose, mannose with a molar ratio of 5:11:18:644:16. 28159269 0 7 theme wheat 94:98 arg1 gel 107:109 wheat starch gel 94:109 wheat starch gel 94:109 Characterization of Lentinus edodes β-glucan influencing the in vitro starch digestibility of wheat starch gel. 28159269 5 8 theme connecting 584:593 arg1 points 595:600 the connecting points 580:600 the connecting points between the molecular chains of LEBG and starch 580:648 This is mainly because the connecting points between the molecular chains of LEBG and starch formed so that gel network structures were enhanced. 28159269 8 9 theme predicted 905:913 arg1 values 936:941 The predicted glycemic index (pGI) values 901:941 The predicted glycemic index (pGI) values 901:941 The predicted glycemic index (pGI) values were reduced when starch was replaced with LEBG at 20% (w/w). 28159269 9 10 theme GI 1061:1062 arg1 noodle 1064:1069 low GI noodle 1057:1069 low GI noodle 1057:1069 It might indicate that LEBG was suitable to develop low GI noodle or bread. 28159269 1 11 dep Lentinus 112:119 arg1 edodes 121:126 edodes 121:126 edodes 121:126 Lentinus edodes β-glucan (abbreviated LEBG) was prepared from fruiting bodies of Lentinus edodes. 28159269 1 12 theme fruiting 174:181 arg1 bodies 183:188 fruiting bodies 174:188 fruiting bodies of Lentinus edodes 174:207 Lentinus edodes β-glucan (abbreviated LEBG) was prepared from fruiting bodies of Lentinus edodes. 28159269 0 13 theme gel 107:109 arg1 digestibility 77:89 the in vitro starch digestibility 57:89 the in vitro starch digestibility of wheat starch gel 57:109 Characterization of Lentinus edodes β-glucan influencing the in vitro starch digestibility of wheat starch gel. 28159269 6 14 theme peak 789:792 arg1 area 794:797 the peak area 785:797 the peak area of the endothermic enthalpy 785:825 The peak temperature in the heat flow diagram shifted to a higher temperature and the peak area of the endothermic enthalpy increased. 28159269 6 15 theme peak 707:710 arg1 temperature 712:722 The peak temperature 703:722 The peak temperature in the heat flow diagram shifted to a higher temperature 703:779 The peak temperature in the heat flow diagram shifted to a higher temperature and the peak area of the endothermic enthalpy increased. 28159269 2 16 theme polydispersity 248:261 arg1 Mw/Mn 270:274 Mw/Mn 270:274 Mw/Mn 270:274 The average molecular weight (Mw) and polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) of LEBG were measured to be 1.868×106g/mol and 1.007, respectively. 28159269 2 16 theme polydispersity 248:261 arg1 index 263:267 polydispersity index 248:267 polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) 248:275 The average molecular weight (Mw) and polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) of LEBG were measured to be 1.868×106g/mol and 1.007, respectively. 28159269 6 17 from temperature 712:722 arg1 diagram 741:747 the heat flow diagram 727:747 the heat flow diagram shifted to a higher temperature 727:779 The peak temperature in the heat flow diagram shifted to a higher temperature and the peak area of the endothermic enthalpy increased. 28159269 5 18 theme gel 665:667 arg1 structures 677:686 gel network structures 665:686 gel network structures 665:686 This is mainly because the connecting points between the molecular chains of LEBG and starch formed so that gel network structures were enhanced. 28159269 3 19 theme LEBG 392:395 arg1 composition 377:387 the monosaccharide composition 358:387 the monosaccharide composition of LEBG 358:395 In addition, the monosaccharide composition of LEBG was composed of arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose, mannose with a molar ratio of 5:11:18:644:16. 28159269 2 20 theme LEBG 280:283 arg1 Mw 240:241 Mw 240:241 Mw 240:241 The average molecular weight (Mw) and polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) of LEBG were measured to be 1.868×106g/mol and 1.007, respectively. 28159269 2 20 theme LEBG 280:283 arg1 Mw/Mn 270:274 Mw/Mn 270:274 Mw/Mn 270:274 The average molecular weight (Mw) and polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) of LEBG were measured to be 1.868×106g/mol and 1.007, respectively. 28159269 2 20 theme LEBG 280:283 arg1 weight 232:237 The average molecular weight 210:237 The average molecular weight (Mw) 210:242 The average molecular weight (Mw) and polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) of LEBG were measured to be 1.868×106g/mol and 1.007, respectively. 28159269 2 20 theme LEBG 280:283 arg1 1.868×106g/mol 305:318 1.868×106g/mol 305:318 1.868×106g/mol 305:318 The average molecular weight (Mw) and polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) of LEBG were measured to be 1.868×106g/mol and 1.007, respectively. 28159269 2 20 theme LEBG 280:283 arg1 index 263:267 polydispersity index 248:267 polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) 248:275 The average molecular weight (Mw) and polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) of LEBG were measured to be 1.868×106g/mol and 1.007, respectively. 28159269 3 21 with arabinose 413:421 arg1 ratio 473:477 a molar ratio 465:477 a molar ratio of 5:11:18:644:16 465:495 In addition, the monosaccharide composition of LEBG was composed of arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose, mannose with a molar ratio of 5:11:18:644:16. 28159269 0 22 theme Lentinus 20:27 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of Lentinus 0:27 Characterization of Lentinus edodes β-glucan influencing the in vitro starch digestibility of wheat starch gel. 28159269 1 23 theme Lentinus 193:200 arg1 edodes 202:207 Lentinus edodes 193:207 Lentinus edodes 193:207 Lentinus edodes β-glucan (abbreviated LEBG) was prepared from fruiting bodies of Lentinus edodes. 28159269 5 24 theme LEBG 634:637 arg1 chains 624:629 the molecular chains 610:629 the molecular chains of LEBG and starch 610:648 This is mainly because the connecting points between the molecular chains of LEBG and starch formed so that gel network structures were enhanced. 28159269 0 25 dep in 61:62 arg1 vitro 64:68 vitro 64:68 vitro 64:68 Characterization of Lentinus edodes β-glucan influencing the in vitro starch digestibility of wheat starch gel. 28159269 1 26 theme edodes 202:207 arg1 bodies 183:188 fruiting bodies 174:188 fruiting bodies of Lentinus edodes 174:207 Lentinus edodes β-glucan (abbreviated LEBG) was prepared from fruiting bodies of Lentinus edodes. 28159269 6 27 theme higher 762:767 arg1 temperature 769:779 a higher temperature 760:779 a higher temperature 760:779 The peak temperature in the heat flow diagram shifted to a higher temperature and the peak area of the endothermic enthalpy increased. 28159269 2 28 theme molecular 222:230 arg1 Mw 240:241 Mw 240:241 Mw 240:241 The average molecular weight (Mw) and polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) of LEBG were measured to be 1.868×106g/mol and 1.007, respectively. 28159269 2 28 theme molecular 222:230 arg1 weight 232:237 The average molecular weight 210:237 The average molecular weight (Mw) 210:242 The average molecular weight (Mw) and polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) of LEBG were measured to be 1.868×106g/mol and 1.007, respectively. 28159269 2 28 theme molecular 222:230 arg1 1.868×106g/mol 305:318 1.868×106g/mol 305:318 1.868×106g/mol 305:318 The average molecular weight (Mw) and polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) of LEBG were measured to be 1.868×106g/mol and 1.007, respectively. 28159269 6 29 from area 794:797 arg1 diagram 741:747 the heat flow diagram 727:747 the heat flow diagram shifted to a higher temperature 727:779 The peak temperature in the heat flow diagram shifted to a higher temperature and the peak area of the endothermic enthalpy increased. 28159269 0 30 theme in 61:62 arg1 digestibility 77:89 the in vitro starch digestibility 57:89 the in vitro starch digestibility of wheat starch gel 57:109 Characterization of Lentinus edodes β-glucan influencing the in vitro starch digestibility of wheat starch gel. 28159269 5 31 theme starch 643:648 arg1 chains 624:629 the molecular chains 610:629 the molecular chains of LEBG and starch 610:648 This is mainly because the connecting points between the molecular chains of LEBG and starch formed so that gel network structures were enhanced. 28159269 9 32 theme low 1057:1059 arg1 noodle 1064:1069 low GI noodle 1057:1069 low GI noodle 1057:1069 It might indicate that LEBG was suitable to develop low GI noodle or bread. 28159269 2 33 theme average 214:220 arg1 Mw 240:241 Mw 240:241 Mw 240:241 The average molecular weight (Mw) and polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) of LEBG were measured to be 1.868×106g/mol and 1.007, respectively. 28159269 2 33 theme average 214:220 arg1 weight 232:237 The average molecular weight 210:237 The average molecular weight (Mw) 210:242 The average molecular weight (Mw) and polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) of LEBG were measured to be 1.868×106g/mol and 1.007, respectively. 28159269 2 33 theme average 214:220 arg1 1.868×106g/mol 305:318 1.868×106g/mol 305:318 1.868×106g/mol 305:318 The average molecular weight (Mw) and polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) of LEBG were measured to be 1.868×106g/mol and 1.007, respectively. 28159269 1 34 theme Lentinus 112:119 arg1 β-glucan 128:135 Lentinus edodes β-glucan 112:135 Lentinus edodes β-glucan (abbreviated LEBG) 112:154 Lentinus edodes β-glucan (abbreviated LEBG) was prepared from fruiting bodies of Lentinus edodes. 28159269 1 34 theme Lentinus 112:119 arg1 LEBG 150:153 abbreviated LEBG 138:153 abbreviated LEBG 138:153 Lentinus edodes β-glucan (abbreviated LEBG) was prepared from fruiting bodies of Lentinus edodes. 28159269 3 35 theme monosaccharide 362:375 arg1 composition 377:387 the monosaccharide composition 358:387 the monosaccharide composition of LEBG 358:395 In addition, the monosaccharide composition of LEBG was composed of arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose, mannose with a molar ratio of 5:11:18:644:16. 28159269 8 36 theme index 924:928 arg1 values 936:941 The predicted glycemic index (pGI) values 901:941 The predicted glycemic index (pGI) values 901:941 The predicted glycemic index (pGI) values were reduced when starch was replaced with LEBG at 20% (w/w). 28159269 5 37 theme molecular 614:622 arg1 chains 624:629 the molecular chains 610:629 the molecular chains of LEBG and starch 610:648 This is mainly because the connecting points between the molecular chains of LEBG and starch formed so that gel network structures were enhanced. 28159269 0 38 theme starch 70:75 arg1 digestibility 77:89 the in vitro starch digestibility 57:89 the in vitro starch digestibility of wheat starch gel 57:109 Characterization of Lentinus edodes β-glucan influencing the in vitro starch digestibility of wheat starch gel. 28159269 6 39 theme flow 736:739 arg1 diagram 741:747 the heat flow diagram 727:747 the heat flow diagram shifted to a higher temperature 727:779 The peak temperature in the heat flow diagram shifted to a higher temperature and the peak area of the endothermic enthalpy increased. 28159269 1 40 theme abbreviated 138:148 arg1 β-glucan 128:135 Lentinus edodes β-glucan 112:135 Lentinus edodes β-glucan (abbreviated LEBG) 112:154 Lentinus edodes β-glucan (abbreviated LEBG) was prepared from fruiting bodies of Lentinus edodes. 28159269 1 40 theme abbreviated 138:148 arg1 LEBG 150:153 abbreviated LEBG 138:153 abbreviated LEBG 138:153 Lentinus edodes β-glucan (abbreviated LEBG) was prepared from fruiting bodies of Lentinus edodes. 28159269 4 41 theme gel 542:544 arg1 G 522:522 G' 522:523 G' 522:523 After adding LEBG, both G' and G″ of starch gel increased. 28159269 4 41 theme gel 542:544 arg1 G″ 529:530 G″ 529:530 G″ of starch gel 529:544 After adding LEBG, both G' and G″ of starch gel increased. 28159269 5 42 theme network 669:675 arg1 structures 677:686 gel network structures 665:686 gel network structures 665:686 This is mainly because the connecting points between the molecular chains of LEBG and starch formed so that gel network structures were enhanced. 28159269 3 43 theme molar 467:471 arg1 ratio 473:477 a molar ratio 465:477 a molar ratio of 5:11:18:644:16 465:495 In addition, the monosaccharide composition of LEBG was composed of arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose, mannose with a molar ratio of 5:11:18:644:16. 28159269 4 44 theme starch 535:540 arg1 gel 542:544 starch gel 535:544 starch gel 535:544 After adding LEBG, both G' and G″ of starch gel increased. 28917911 0 0 theme hyaline 109:115 arg1 regeneration 127:138 hyaline cartilage regeneration 109:138 hyaline cartilage regeneration 109:138 Injectable glycosaminoglycan-protein nano-complex in semi-interpenetrating networks: A biphasic hydrogel for hyaline cartilage regeneration. 28917911 0 1 from nano-complex 37:48 arg1 networks 75:82 semi-interpenetrating networks 53:82 semi-interpenetrating networks 53:82 Injectable glycosaminoglycan-protein nano-complex in semi-interpenetrating networks: A biphasic hydrogel for hyaline cartilage regeneration. 28917911 8 2 dep composition-mimetic 1340:1358 arg1 substitute 1360:1369 substitute 1360:1369 substitute for cartilage restoration at irregular defects 1360:1416 Thus, the injectable biphasic SIPNs could be promising composition-mimetic substitute for cartilage restoration at irregular defects. 28917911 8 2 dep composition-mimetic 1340:1358 arg1 SIPNs 1315:1319 the injectable biphasic SIPNs 1291:1319 the injectable biphasic SIPNs 1291:1319 Thus, the injectable biphasic SIPNs could be promising composition-mimetic substitute for cartilage restoration at irregular defects. 28917911 8 2 dep composition-mimetic 1340:1358 arg1 composition-mimetic 1340:1358 composition-mimetic 1340:1358 composition-mimetic 1340:1358 Thus, the injectable biphasic SIPNs could be promising composition-mimetic substitute for cartilage restoration at irregular defects. 28917911 7 3 theme aggregan 1195:1202 arg1 Immunoblotting 1177:1190 Immunoblotting 1177:1190 Immunoblotting of aggregan and collagen II 1177:1218 Immunoblotting of aggregan and collagen II demonstrate favorable positive influence of ChS on chondrocytes. 28917911 3 4 theme vinyl 600:604 arg1 poly 595:598 poly 595:598 poly(vinyl alcohol) 595:613 ChS loaded zein nanoparticles (∼150nm) prepared by polyelectrolyte-protein complexation were interspersed into injectable SIPNs developed by blending alginate with poly(vinyl alcohol) and calcium crosslinking. 28917911 3 4 theme vinyl 600:604 arg1 alcohol 606:612 vinyl alcohol 600:612 vinyl alcohol 600:612 ChS loaded zein nanoparticles (∼150nm) prepared by polyelectrolyte-protein complexation were interspersed into injectable SIPNs developed by blending alginate with poly(vinyl alcohol) and calcium crosslinking. 28917911 5 5 dep compatibility 815:827 arg1 chondrocytes 802:813 Primary chondrocytes 794:813 Primary chondrocytes 794:813 Primary chondrocytes compatibility, chondrocyte-matrix interaction with cell-cell clustering and spheroidal morphology was demonstrated in ChS loaded hydrogel and long-term (42days) proliferation was also determined. 28917911 6 6 theme poor 1146:1149 arg1 expression 1151:1160 poor expression 1146:1160 poor expression of collagen-I 1146:1174 Higher fold expression of cartilage-specific genes sox9, aggrecan and collagen-II was observed in ChS loaded hydrogel while exhibiting poor expression of collagen-I. 28917911 3 7 theme loaded 435:440 arg1 ∼150nm 462:467 ∼150nm 462:467 ∼150nm 462:467 ChS loaded zein nanoparticles (∼150nm) prepared by polyelectrolyte-protein complexation were interspersed into injectable SIPNs developed by blending alginate with poly(vinyl alcohol) and calcium crosslinking. 28917911 3 7 theme loaded 435:440 arg1 nanoparticles 447:459 ChS loaded zein nanoparticles 431:459 ChS loaded zein nanoparticles (∼150nm) prepared by polyelectrolyte-protein complexation 431:517 ChS loaded zein nanoparticles (∼150nm) prepared by polyelectrolyte-protein complexation were interspersed into injectable SIPNs developed by blending alginate with poly(vinyl alcohol) and calcium crosslinking. 28917911 6 8 theme genes 1056:1060 arg1 expression 1023:1032 Higher fold expression 1011:1032 Higher fold expression of cartilage-specific genes sox9, aggrecan and collagen-II 1011:1091 Higher fold expression of cartilage-specific genes sox9, aggrecan and collagen-II was observed in ChS loaded hydrogel while exhibiting poor expression of collagen-I. 28917911 5 9 with interaction 849:859 arg1 clustering 876:885 cell-cell clustering 866:885 cell-cell clustering 866:885 Primary chondrocytes compatibility, chondrocyte-matrix interaction with cell-cell clustering and spheroidal morphology was demonstrated in ChS loaded hydrogel and long-term (42days) proliferation was also determined. 28917911 5 9 with interaction 849:859 arg1 morphology 902:911 spheroidal morphology 891:911 spheroidal morphology 891:911 Primary chondrocytes compatibility, chondrocyte-matrix interaction with cell-cell clustering and spheroidal morphology was demonstrated in ChS loaded hydrogel and long-term (42days) proliferation was also determined. 28917911 2 10 theme sulfate 365:371 arg1 nanoparticles 379:391 chondroitin sulfate (ChS) nanoparticles 353:391 chondroitin sulfate (ChS) nanoparticles for functional cartilage restoration 353:428 The study develops injectable biphasic semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (SIPN) hydrogel impregnated with chondroitin sulfate (ChS) nanoparticles for functional cartilage restoration. 28917911 4 11 theme pore 713:716 arg1 porosity 738:745 57.7±5.9% porosity 728:745 57.7±5.9% porosity 728:745 The hydrogel exhibited interconnected porous microstructure (39.9±5.8μm pore diameter, 57.7±5.9% porosity), 92% swellability and >350Pa elastic modulus. 28917911 4 11 theme pore 713:716 arg1 diameter 718:725 39.9±5.8μm pore diameter 702:725 39.9±5.8μm pore diameter 702:725 The hydrogel exhibited interconnected porous microstructure (39.9±5.8μm pore diameter, 57.7±5.9% porosity), 92% swellability and >350Pa elastic modulus. 28917911 0 12 theme cartilage 117:125 arg1 regeneration 127:138 hyaline cartilage regeneration 109:138 hyaline cartilage regeneration 109:138 Injectable glycosaminoglycan-protein nano-complex in semi-interpenetrating networks: A biphasic hydrogel for hyaline cartilage regeneration. 28917911 6 13 theme cartilage-specific 1037:1054 arg1 sox9 1062:1065 sox9 1062:1065 sox9 1062:1065 Higher fold expression of cartilage-specific genes sox9, aggrecan and collagen-II was observed in ChS loaded hydrogel while exhibiting poor expression of collagen-I. 28917911 6 13 theme cartilage-specific 1037:1054 arg1 collagen-II 1081:1091 collagen-II 1081:1091 collagen-II 1081:1091 Higher fold expression of cartilage-specific genes sox9, aggrecan and collagen-II was observed in ChS loaded hydrogel while exhibiting poor expression of collagen-I. 28917911 6 13 theme cartilage-specific 1037:1054 arg1 genes 1056:1060 cartilage-specific genes sox9, aggrecan and collagen-II 1037:1091 cartilage-specific genes sox9, aggrecan and collagen-II 1037:1091 Higher fold expression of cartilage-specific genes sox9, aggrecan and collagen-II was observed in ChS loaded hydrogel while exhibiting poor expression of collagen-I. 28917911 6 13 theme cartilage-specific 1037:1054 arg1 aggrecan 1068:1075 aggrecan 1068:1075 aggrecan 1068:1075 Higher fold expression of cartilage-specific genes sox9, aggrecan and collagen-II was observed in ChS loaded hydrogel while exhibiting poor expression of collagen-I. 28917911 2 14 theme chondroitin 353:363 arg1 ChS 374:376 ChS 374:376 ChS 374:376 The study develops injectable biphasic semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (SIPN) hydrogel impregnated with chondroitin sulfate (ChS) nanoparticles for functional cartilage restoration. 28917911 2 14 theme chondroitin 353:363 arg1 sulfate 365:371 chondroitin sulfate 353:371 chondroitin sulfate (ChS) nanoparticles for functional cartilage restoration 353:428 The study develops injectable biphasic semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (SIPN) hydrogel impregnated with chondroitin sulfate (ChS) nanoparticles for functional cartilage restoration. 28917911 4 15 theme 39.9±5.8μm 702:711 arg1 porosity 738:745 57.7±5.9% porosity 728:745 57.7±5.9% porosity 728:745 The hydrogel exhibited interconnected porous microstructure (39.9±5.8μm pore diameter, 57.7±5.9% porosity), 92% swellability and >350Pa elastic modulus. 28917911 4 15 theme 39.9±5.8μm 702:711 arg1 diameter 718:725 39.9±5.8μm pore diameter 702:725 39.9±5.8μm pore diameter 702:725 The hydrogel exhibited interconnected porous microstructure (39.9±5.8μm pore diameter, 57.7±5.9% porosity), 92% swellability and >350Pa elastic modulus. 28917911 5 16 theme cell-cell 866:874 arg1 clustering 876:885 cell-cell clustering 866:885 cell-cell clustering 866:885 Primary chondrocytes compatibility, chondrocyte-matrix interaction with cell-cell clustering and spheroidal morphology was demonstrated in ChS loaded hydrogel and long-term (42days) proliferation was also determined. 28917911 8 17 from defects 1410:1416 arg1 restoration 1385:1395 cartilage restoration 1375:1395 cartilage restoration at irregular defects 1375:1416 Thus, the injectable biphasic SIPNs could be promising composition-mimetic substitute for cartilage restoration at irregular defects. 28917911 7 18 theme ChS 1264:1266 arg1 influence 1251:1259 favorable positive influence 1232:1259 favorable positive influence of ChS on chondrocytes 1232:1282 Immunoblotting of aggregan and collagen II demonstrate favorable positive influence of ChS on chondrocytes. 28917911 5 19 theme hydrogel 944:951 arg1 proliferation 976:988 hydrogel and long-term (42days) proliferation 944:988 proliferation 976:988 Primary chondrocytes compatibility, chondrocyte-matrix interaction with cell-cell clustering and spheroidal morphology was demonstrated in ChS loaded hydrogel and long-term (42days) proliferation was also determined. 28917911 3 20 theme calcium 619:625 arg1 crosslinking 627:638 calcium crosslinking 619:638 calcium crosslinking 619:638 ChS loaded zein nanoparticles (∼150nm) prepared by polyelectrolyte-protein complexation were interspersed into injectable SIPNs developed by blending alginate with poly(vinyl alcohol) and calcium crosslinking. 28917911 3 21 theme ChS 431:433 arg1 ∼150nm 462:467 ∼150nm 462:467 ∼150nm 462:467 ChS loaded zein nanoparticles (∼150nm) prepared by polyelectrolyte-protein complexation were interspersed into injectable SIPNs developed by blending alginate with poly(vinyl alcohol) and calcium crosslinking. 28917911 3 21 theme ChS 431:433 arg1 nanoparticles 447:459 ChS loaded zein nanoparticles 431:459 ChS loaded zein nanoparticles (∼150nm) prepared by polyelectrolyte-protein complexation 431:517 ChS loaded zein nanoparticles (∼150nm) prepared by polyelectrolyte-protein complexation were interspersed into injectable SIPNs developed by blending alginate with poly(vinyl alcohol) and calcium crosslinking. 28917911 8 22 theme irregular 1400:1408 arg1 defects 1410:1416 irregular defects 1400:1416 irregular defects 1400:1416 Thus, the injectable biphasic SIPNs could be promising composition-mimetic substitute for cartilage restoration at irregular defects. 28917911 7 23 theme positive 1242:1249 arg1 influence 1251:1259 favorable positive influence 1232:1259 favorable positive influence of ChS on chondrocytes 1232:1282 Immunoblotting of aggregan and collagen II demonstrate favorable positive influence of ChS on chondrocytes. 28917911 6 24 located observed 1097:1104 arg1 ChS 1109:1111 ChS 1109:1111 ChS loaded hydrogel while exhibiting poor expression of collagen-I 1109:1174 Higher fold expression of cartilage-specific genes sox9, aggrecan and collagen-II was observed in ChS loaded hydrogel while exhibiting poor expression of collagen-I. 28917911 6 24 located observed 1097:1104 arg2 expression 1023:1032 Higher fold expression 1011:1032 Higher fold expression of cartilage-specific genes sox9, aggrecan and collagen-II 1011:1091 Higher fold expression of cartilage-specific genes sox9, aggrecan and collagen-II was observed in ChS loaded hydrogel while exhibiting poor expression of collagen-I. 28917911 6 24 located observed 1097:1104 arg1 hydrogel 1120:1127 hydrogel 1120:1127 hydrogel 1120:1127 Higher fold expression of cartilage-specific genes sox9, aggrecan and collagen-II was observed in ChS loaded hydrogel while exhibiting poor expression of collagen-I. 28917911 1 25 theme intrinsic 218:226 arg1 reparability 228:239 its less intrinsic reparability 209:239 its less intrinsic reparability 209:239 Articular hyaline cartilage regeneration remains challenging due to its less intrinsic reparability. 28917911 0 26 theme glycosaminoglycan-protein 11:35 arg1 nano-complex 37:48 Injectable glycosaminoglycan-protein nano-complex 0:48 Injectable glycosaminoglycan-protein nano-complex in semi-interpenetrating networks: A biphasic hydrogel for hyaline cartilage regeneration. 0:139 Injectable glycosaminoglycan-protein nano-complex in semi-interpenetrating networks: A biphasic hydrogel for hyaline cartilage regeneration. 28917911 6 27 theme fold 1018:1021 arg1 expression 1023:1032 Higher fold expression 1011:1032 Higher fold expression of cartilage-specific genes sox9, aggrecan and collagen-II 1011:1091 Higher fold expression of cartilage-specific genes sox9, aggrecan and collagen-II was observed in ChS loaded hydrogel while exhibiting poor expression of collagen-I. 28917911 4 28 theme >350Pa 770:775 arg1 modulus 785:791 >350Pa elastic modulus 770:791 >350Pa elastic modulus 770:791 The hydrogel exhibited interconnected porous microstructure (39.9±5.8μm pore diameter, 57.7±5.9% porosity), 92% swellability and >350Pa elastic modulus. 28917911 0 29 theme Injectable 0:9 arg1 nano-complex 37:48 Injectable glycosaminoglycan-protein nano-complex 0:48 Injectable glycosaminoglycan-protein nano-complex in semi-interpenetrating networks: A biphasic hydrogel for hyaline cartilage regeneration. 0:139 Injectable glycosaminoglycan-protein nano-complex in semi-interpenetrating networks: A biphasic hydrogel for hyaline cartilage regeneration. 28917911 7 30 from influence 1251:1259 arg1 chondrocytes 1271:1282 chondrocytes 1271:1282 chondrocytes 1271:1282 Immunoblotting of aggregan and collagen II demonstrate favorable positive influence of ChS on chondrocytes. 28917911 6 31 dep genes 1056:1060 arg1 sox9 1062:1065 sox9 1062:1065 sox9 1062:1065 Higher fold expression of cartilage-specific genes sox9, aggrecan and collagen-II was observed in ChS loaded hydrogel while exhibiting poor expression of collagen-I. 28917911 6 31 dep genes 1056:1060 arg1 collagen-II 1081:1091 collagen-II 1081:1091 collagen-II 1081:1091 Higher fold expression of cartilage-specific genes sox9, aggrecan and collagen-II was observed in ChS loaded hydrogel while exhibiting poor expression of collagen-I. 28917911 6 31 dep genes 1056:1060 arg1 genes 1056:1060 cartilage-specific genes sox9, aggrecan and collagen-II 1037:1091 cartilage-specific genes sox9, aggrecan and collagen-II 1037:1091 Higher fold expression of cartilage-specific genes sox9, aggrecan and collagen-II was observed in ChS loaded hydrogel while exhibiting poor expression of collagen-I. 28917911 6 31 dep genes 1056:1060 arg1 aggrecan 1068:1075 aggrecan 1068:1075 aggrecan 1068:1075 Higher fold expression of cartilage-specific genes sox9, aggrecan and collagen-II was observed in ChS loaded hydrogel while exhibiting poor expression of collagen-I. 28917911 5 32 theme long-term 957:965 arg1 proliferation 976:988 hydrogel and long-term (42days) proliferation 944:988 proliferation 976:988 Primary chondrocytes compatibility, chondrocyte-matrix interaction with cell-cell clustering and spheroidal morphology was demonstrated in ChS loaded hydrogel and long-term (42days) proliferation was also determined. 28917911 7 33 theme favorable 1232:1240 arg1 influence 1251:1259 favorable positive influence 1232:1259 favorable positive influence of ChS on chondrocytes 1232:1282 Immunoblotting of aggregan and collagen II demonstrate favorable positive influence of ChS on chondrocytes. 28917911 5 34 theme 42days 968:973 arg1 proliferation 976:988 hydrogel and long-term (42days) proliferation 944:988 proliferation 976:988 Primary chondrocytes compatibility, chondrocyte-matrix interaction with cell-cell clustering and spheroidal morphology was demonstrated in ChS loaded hydrogel and long-term (42days) proliferation was also determined. 28917911 8 35 theme cartilage 1375:1383 arg1 restoration 1385:1395 cartilage restoration 1375:1395 cartilage restoration at irregular defects 1375:1416 Thus, the injectable biphasic SIPNs could be promising composition-mimetic substitute for cartilage restoration at irregular defects. 28917911 4 36 theme porous 679:684 arg1 microstructure 686:699 interconnected porous microstructure 664:699 interconnected porous microstructure (39.9±5.8μm pore diameter, 57.7±5.9% porosity) 664:746 The hydrogel exhibited interconnected porous microstructure (39.9±5.8μm pore diameter, 57.7±5.9% porosity), 92% swellability and >350Pa elastic modulus. 28917911 6 37 theme collagen-I 1165:1174 arg1 expression 1151:1160 poor expression 1146:1160 poor expression of collagen-I 1146:1174 Higher fold expression of cartilage-specific genes sox9, aggrecan and collagen-II was observed in ChS loaded hydrogel while exhibiting poor expression of collagen-I. 28917911 6 38 theme Higher 1011:1016 arg1 expression 1023:1032 Higher fold expression 1011:1032 Higher fold expression of cartilage-specific genes sox9, aggrecan and collagen-II 1011:1091 Higher fold expression of cartilage-specific genes sox9, aggrecan and collagen-II was observed in ChS loaded hydrogel while exhibiting poor expression of collagen-I. 28917911 1 39 theme Articular 141:149 arg1 cartilage 159:167 Articular hyaline cartilage 141:167 Articular hyaline cartilage 141:167 Articular hyaline cartilage regeneration remains challenging due to its less intrinsic reparability. 28917911 3 40 theme polyelectrolyte-protein 482:504 arg1 complexation 506:517 polyelectrolyte-protein complexation 482:517 polyelectrolyte-protein complexation 482:517 ChS loaded zein nanoparticles (∼150nm) prepared by polyelectrolyte-protein complexation were interspersed into injectable SIPNs developed by blending alginate with poly(vinyl alcohol) and calcium crosslinking. 28917911 4 41 theme interconnected 664:677 arg1 microstructure 686:699 interconnected porous microstructure 664:699 interconnected porous microstructure (39.9±5.8μm pore diameter, 57.7±5.9% porosity) 664:746 The hydrogel exhibited interconnected porous microstructure (39.9±5.8μm pore diameter, 57.7±5.9% porosity), 92% swellability and >350Pa elastic modulus. 28917911 2 42 theme networks 311:318 arg1 hydrogel 327:334 injectable biphasic semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (SIPN) hydrogel 261:334 injectable biphasic semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (SIPN) hydrogel impregnated with chondroitin sulfate (ChS) nanoparticles for functional cartilage restoration 261:428 The study develops injectable biphasic semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (SIPN) hydrogel impregnated with chondroitin sulfate (ChS) nanoparticles for functional cartilage restoration. 28917911 0 43 theme semi-interpenetrating 53:73 arg1 networks 75:82 semi-interpenetrating networks 53:82 semi-interpenetrating networks 53:82 Injectable glycosaminoglycan-protein nano-complex in semi-interpenetrating networks: A biphasic hydrogel for hyaline cartilage regeneration. 28917911 5 44 theme chondrocyte-matrix 830:847 arg1 interaction 849:859 chondrocyte-matrix interaction 830:859 chondrocyte-matrix interaction with cell-cell clustering and spheroidal morphology 830:911 Primary chondrocytes compatibility, chondrocyte-matrix interaction with cell-cell clustering and spheroidal morphology was demonstrated in ChS loaded hydrogel and long-term (42days) proliferation was also determined. 28917911 8 45 theme biphasic 1306:1313 arg1 substitute 1360:1369 substitute 1360:1369 substitute for cartilage restoration at irregular defects 1360:1416 Thus, the injectable biphasic SIPNs could be promising composition-mimetic substitute for cartilage restoration at irregular defects. 28917911 8 45 theme biphasic 1306:1313 arg1 SIPNs 1315:1319 the injectable biphasic SIPNs 1291:1319 the injectable biphasic SIPNs 1291:1319 Thus, the injectable biphasic SIPNs could be promising composition-mimetic substitute for cartilage restoration at irregular defects. 28917911 8 45 theme biphasic 1306:1313 arg1 composition-mimetic 1340:1358 composition-mimetic 1340:1358 composition-mimetic 1340:1358 Thus, the injectable biphasic SIPNs could be promising composition-mimetic substitute for cartilage restoration at irregular defects. 28917911 2 46 theme polymer 303:309 arg1 SIPN 321:324 SIPN 321:324 SIPN 321:324 The study develops injectable biphasic semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (SIPN) hydrogel impregnated with chondroitin sulfate (ChS) nanoparticles for functional cartilage restoration. 28917911 2 46 theme polymer 303:309 arg1 networks 311:318 biphasic semi-interpenetrating polymer networks 272:318 injectable biphasic semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (SIPN) hydrogel impregnated with chondroitin sulfate (ChS) nanoparticles for functional cartilage restoration 261:428 The study develops injectable biphasic semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (SIPN) hydrogel impregnated with chondroitin sulfate (ChS) nanoparticles for functional cartilage restoration. 28917911 4 47 dep microstructure 686:699 arg1 porosity 738:745 57.7±5.9% porosity 728:745 57.7±5.9% porosity 728:745 The hydrogel exhibited interconnected porous microstructure (39.9±5.8μm pore diameter, 57.7±5.9% porosity), 92% swellability and >350Pa elastic modulus. 28917911 4 47 dep microstructure 686:699 arg1 diameter 718:725 39.9±5.8μm pore diameter 702:725 39.9±5.8μm pore diameter 702:725 The hydrogel exhibited interconnected porous microstructure (39.9±5.8μm pore diameter, 57.7±5.9% porosity), 92% swellability and >350Pa elastic modulus. 28917911 2 48 theme semi-interpenetrating 281:301 arg1 SIPN 321:324 SIPN 321:324 SIPN 321:324 The study develops injectable biphasic semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (SIPN) hydrogel impregnated with chondroitin sulfate (ChS) nanoparticles for functional cartilage restoration. 28917911 2 48 theme semi-interpenetrating 281:301 arg1 networks 311:318 biphasic semi-interpenetrating polymer networks 272:318 injectable biphasic semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (SIPN) hydrogel impregnated with chondroitin sulfate (ChS) nanoparticles for functional cartilage restoration 261:428 The study develops injectable biphasic semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (SIPN) hydrogel impregnated with chondroitin sulfate (ChS) nanoparticles for functional cartilage restoration. 28917911 1 49 theme hyaline 151:157 arg1 cartilage 159:167 Articular hyaline cartilage 141:167 Articular hyaline cartilage 141:167 Articular hyaline cartilage regeneration remains challenging due to its less intrinsic reparability. 28917911 7 50 theme collagen 1208:1215 arg1 Immunoblotting 1177:1190 Immunoblotting 1177:1190 Immunoblotting of aggregan and collagen II 1177:1218 Immunoblotting of aggregan and collagen II demonstrate favorable positive influence of ChS on chondrocytes. 28917911 2 51 theme injectable 261:270 arg1 hydrogel 327:334 injectable biphasic semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (SIPN) hydrogel 261:334 injectable biphasic semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (SIPN) hydrogel impregnated with chondroitin sulfate (ChS) nanoparticles for functional cartilage restoration 261:428 The study develops injectable biphasic semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (SIPN) hydrogel impregnated with chondroitin sulfate (ChS) nanoparticles for functional cartilage restoration. 28917911 2 52 theme biphasic 272:279 arg1 SIPN 321:324 SIPN 321:324 SIPN 321:324 The study develops injectable biphasic semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (SIPN) hydrogel impregnated with chondroitin sulfate (ChS) nanoparticles for functional cartilage restoration. 28917911 2 52 theme biphasic 272:279 arg1 networks 311:318 biphasic semi-interpenetrating polymer networks 272:318 injectable biphasic semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (SIPN) hydrogel impregnated with chondroitin sulfate (ChS) nanoparticles for functional cartilage restoration 261:428 The study develops injectable biphasic semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (SIPN) hydrogel impregnated with chondroitin sulfate (ChS) nanoparticles for functional cartilage restoration. 28917911 2 53 theme cartilage 408:416 arg1 restoration 418:428 functional cartilage restoration 397:428 functional cartilage restoration 397:428 The study develops injectable biphasic semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (SIPN) hydrogel impregnated with chondroitin sulfate (ChS) nanoparticles for functional cartilage restoration. 28917911 4 54 dep % 751:751 arg1 swellability 753:764 swellability 753:764 92% swellability 749:764 The hydrogel exhibited interconnected porous microstructure (39.9±5.8μm pore diameter, 57.7±5.9% porosity), 92% swellability and >350Pa elastic modulus. 28917911 5 55 theme spheroidal 891:900 arg1 morphology 902:911 spheroidal morphology 891:911 spheroidal morphology 891:911 Primary chondrocytes compatibility, chondrocyte-matrix interaction with cell-cell clustering and spheroidal morphology was demonstrated in ChS loaded hydrogel and long-term (42days) proliferation was also determined. 28917911 2 56 theme functional 397:406 arg1 restoration 418:428 functional cartilage restoration 397:428 functional cartilage restoration 397:428 The study develops injectable biphasic semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (SIPN) hydrogel impregnated with chondroitin sulfate (ChS) nanoparticles for functional cartilage restoration. 28917911 5 57 theme Primary 794:800 arg1 chondrocytes 802:813 Primary chondrocytes 794:813 Primary chondrocytes 794:813 Primary chondrocytes compatibility, chondrocyte-matrix interaction with cell-cell clustering and spheroidal morphology was demonstrated in ChS loaded hydrogel and long-term (42days) proliferation was also determined. 28917911 0 58 dep nano-complex 37:48 arg1 hydrogel 96:103 A biphasic hydrogel 85:103 Injectable glycosaminoglycan-protein nano-complex in semi-interpenetrating networks: A biphasic hydrogel for hyaline cartilage regeneration. 0:139 Injectable glycosaminoglycan-protein nano-complex in semi-interpenetrating networks: A biphasic hydrogel for hyaline cartilage regeneration. 28917911 8 59 theme injectable 1295:1304 arg1 substitute 1360:1369 substitute 1360:1369 substitute for cartilage restoration at irregular defects 1360:1416 Thus, the injectable biphasic SIPNs could be promising composition-mimetic substitute for cartilage restoration at irregular defects. 28917911 8 59 theme injectable 1295:1304 arg1 SIPNs 1315:1319 the injectable biphasic SIPNs 1291:1319 the injectable biphasic SIPNs 1291:1319 Thus, the injectable biphasic SIPNs could be promising composition-mimetic substitute for cartilage restoration at irregular defects. 28917911 8 59 theme injectable 1295:1304 arg1 composition-mimetic 1340:1358 composition-mimetic 1340:1358 composition-mimetic 1340:1358 Thus, the injectable biphasic SIPNs could be promising composition-mimetic substitute for cartilage restoration at irregular defects. 28917911 6 60 dep loaded 1113:1118 arg1 ChS 1109:1111 ChS 1109:1111 ChS loaded hydrogel while exhibiting poor expression of collagen-I 1109:1174 Higher fold expression of cartilage-specific genes sox9, aggrecan and collagen-II was observed in ChS loaded hydrogel while exhibiting poor expression of collagen-I. 28917911 6 60 dep loaded 1113:1118 arg1 hydrogel 1120:1127 hydrogel 1120:1127 hydrogel 1120:1127 Higher fold expression of cartilage-specific genes sox9, aggrecan and collagen-II was observed in ChS loaded hydrogel while exhibiting poor expression of collagen-I. 28917911 3 61 theme injectable 542:551 arg1 SIPNs 553:557 injectable SIPNs 542:557 injectable SIPNs developed by blending alginate with poly(vinyl alcohol) and calcium crosslinking 542:638 ChS loaded zein nanoparticles (∼150nm) prepared by polyelectrolyte-protein complexation were interspersed into injectable SIPNs developed by blending alginate with poly(vinyl alcohol) and calcium crosslinking. 28917911 4 62 theme % 736:736 arg1 porosity 738:745 57.7±5.9% porosity 728:745 57.7±5.9% porosity 728:745 The hydrogel exhibited interconnected porous microstructure (39.9±5.8μm pore diameter, 57.7±5.9% porosity), 92% swellability and >350Pa elastic modulus. 28917911 4 62 theme % 736:736 arg1 diameter 718:725 39.9±5.8μm pore diameter 702:725 39.9±5.8μm pore diameter 702:725 The hydrogel exhibited interconnected porous microstructure (39.9±5.8μm pore diameter, 57.7±5.9% porosity), 92% swellability and >350Pa elastic modulus. 28917911 0 63 theme biphasic 87:94 arg1 hydrogel 96:103 A biphasic hydrogel 85:103 Injectable glycosaminoglycan-protein nano-complex in semi-interpenetrating networks: A biphasic hydrogel for hyaline cartilage regeneration. 0:139 Injectable glycosaminoglycan-protein nano-complex in semi-interpenetrating networks: A biphasic hydrogel for hyaline cartilage regeneration. 28917911 4 64 theme 57.7±5.9 728:735 arg1 % 736:736 % 736:736 % 736:736 The hydrogel exhibited interconnected porous microstructure (39.9±5.8μm pore diameter, 57.7±5.9% porosity), 92% swellability and >350Pa elastic modulus. 28917911 4 65 theme elastic 777:783 arg1 modulus 785:791 >350Pa elastic modulus 770:791 >350Pa elastic modulus 770:791 The hydrogel exhibited interconnected porous microstructure (39.9±5.8μm pore diameter, 57.7±5.9% porosity), 92% swellability and >350Pa elastic modulus. 28917911 3 66 theme zein 442:445 arg1 ∼150nm 462:467 ∼150nm 462:467 ∼150nm 462:467 ChS loaded zein nanoparticles (∼150nm) prepared by polyelectrolyte-protein complexation were interspersed into injectable SIPNs developed by blending alginate with poly(vinyl alcohol) and calcium crosslinking. 28917911 3 66 theme zein 442:445 arg1 nanoparticles 447:459 ChS loaded zein nanoparticles 431:459 ChS loaded zein nanoparticles (∼150nm) prepared by polyelectrolyte-protein complexation 431:517 ChS loaded zein nanoparticles (∼150nm) prepared by polyelectrolyte-protein complexation were interspersed into injectable SIPNs developed by blending alginate with poly(vinyl alcohol) and calcium crosslinking. 25498612 11 0 theme homogeneous 937:947 arg1 distribution 949:960 A homogeneous distribution 935:960 A homogeneous distribution of the nanofillers 935:979 A homogeneous distribution of the nanofillers was demonstrated by atomic force microscopy, and a shift of the two relaxation peaks to higher temperatures was detected by dynamic mechanical analysis. 25498612 1 1 theme waxy 254:257 arg1 starch 259:264 waxy starch 254:264 waxy starch (WSNC) 254:271 In the present work, thermoplastic maize starch based bionanocomposites were prepared as transparent films, plasticized with 35% of glycerol and reinforced with both waxy starch (WSNC) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), previously extracted by acidic hydrolysis. 25498612 1 1 theme waxy 254:257 arg1 WSNC 267:270 WSNC 267:270 WSNC 267:270 In the present work, thermoplastic maize starch based bionanocomposites were prepared as transparent films, plasticized with 35% of glycerol and reinforced with both waxy starch (WSNC) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), previously extracted by acidic hydrolysis. 25498612 1 2 theme transparent 177:187 arg1 films 189:193 transparent films 177:193 transparent films 177:193 In the present work, thermoplastic maize starch based bionanocomposites were prepared as transparent films, plasticized with 35% of glycerol and reinforced with both waxy starch (WSNC) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), previously extracted by acidic hydrolysis. 25498612 1 2 theme transparent 177:187 arg1 bionanocomposites 142:158 thermoplastic maize starch based bionanocomposites 109:158 thermoplastic maize starch based bionanocomposites 109:158 In the present work, thermoplastic maize starch based bionanocomposites were prepared as transparent films, plasticized with 35% of glycerol and reinforced with both waxy starch (WSNC) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), previously extracted by acidic hydrolysis. 25498612 9 3 from interphase 795:804 arg1 effectiveness 754:766 the effectiveness 750:766 the effectiveness of hydrogen bonding at the interphase 750:804 Water vapour permeance values maintained constant, whereas barrier properties to oxygen reduced in a 70%, indicating the effectiveness of hydrogen bonding at the interphase. 25498612 9 3 from interphase 795:804 arg1 bonding 780:786 hydrogen bonding 771:786 hydrogen bonding at the interphase 771:804 Water vapour permeance values maintained constant, whereas barrier properties to oxygen reduced in a 70%, indicating the effectiveness of hydrogen bonding at the interphase. 25498612 1 4 theme acidic 331:336 arg1 hydrolysis 338:347 acidic hydrolysis 331:347 acidic hydrolysis 331:347 In the present work, thermoplastic maize starch based bionanocomposites were prepared as transparent films, plasticized with 35% of glycerol and reinforced with both waxy starch (WSNC) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), previously extracted by acidic hydrolysis. 25498612 11 5 theme dynamic 1105:1111 arg1 analysis 1124:1131 dynamic mechanical analysis 1105:1131 dynamic mechanical analysis 1105:1131 A homogeneous distribution of the nanofillers was demonstrated by atomic force microscopy, and a shift of the two relaxation peaks to higher temperatures was detected by dynamic mechanical analysis. 25498612 10 6 theme CNC 825:827 arg1 use 811:813 The use 807:813 The use of CNC or CNC and WSNC 807:836 The use of CNC or CNC and WSNC upgraded mechanical results, but no significant differences in barrier properties were obtained. 25498612 9 7 theme Water 633:637 arg1 values 656:661 Water vapour permeance values 633:661 Water vapour permeance values 633:661 Water vapour permeance values maintained constant, whereas barrier properties to oxygen reduced in a 70%, indicating the effectiveness of hydrogen bonding at the interphase. 25498612 9 8 theme vapour 639:644 arg1 values 656:661 Water vapour permeance values 633:661 Water vapour permeance values 633:661 Water vapour permeance values maintained constant, whereas barrier properties to oxygen reduced in a 70%, indicating the effectiveness of hydrogen bonding at the interphase. 25498612 2 9 theme content 382:388 arg1 influence 354:362 The influence 350:362 The influence of the nanofiller content 350:388 The influence of the nanofiller content was evaluated at 1 wt. 25498612 8 10 theme WSNC 627:630 arg1 composition 612:622 any composition 608:622 any composition of WSNC 608:630 As determined by tensile measurements, mechanical properties were improved at any composition of WSNC. 25498612 9 11 theme permeance 646:654 arg1 values 656:661 Water vapour permeance values 633:661 Water vapour permeance values 633:661 Water vapour permeance values maintained constant, whereas barrier properties to oxygen reduced in a 70%, indicating the effectiveness of hydrogen bonding at the interphase. 25498612 5 12 theme WSNC 438:441 arg1 WSNC 438:441 WSNC 438:441 WSNC 438:441 % of WSNC. 25498612 5 12 theme WSNC 438:441 arg1 % 433:433 % 433:433 % of WSNC. 433:442 % of WSNC. 25498612 2 13 theme nanofiller 371:380 arg1 content 382:388 the nanofiller content 367:388 the nanofiller content 367:388 The influence of the nanofiller content was evaluated at 1 wt. 25498612 1 14 theme present 95:101 arg1 work 103:106 the present work 91:106 the present work 91:106 In the present work, thermoplastic maize starch based bionanocomposites were prepared as transparent films, plasticized with 35% of glycerol and reinforced with both waxy starch (WSNC) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), previously extracted by acidic hydrolysis. 25498612 11 15 theme nanofillers 969:979 arg1 distribution 949:960 A homogeneous distribution 935:960 A homogeneous distribution of the nanofillers 935:979 A homogeneous distribution of the nanofillers was demonstrated by atomic force microscopy, and a shift of the two relaxation peaks to higher temperatures was detected by dynamic mechanical analysis. 25498612 9 16 theme hydrogen 771:778 arg1 bonding 780:786 hydrogen bonding 771:786 hydrogen bonding at the interphase 771:804 Water vapour permeance values maintained constant, whereas barrier properties to oxygen reduced in a 70%, indicating the effectiveness of hydrogen bonding at the interphase. 25498612 10 17 theme mechanical 847:856 arg1 results 858:864 mechanical results 847:864 mechanical results 847:864 The use of CNC or CNC and WSNC upgraded mechanical results, but no significant differences in barrier properties were obtained. 25498612 9 18 theme bonding 780:786 arg1 effectiveness 754:766 the effectiveness 750:766 the effectiveness of hydrogen bonding at the interphase 750:804 Water vapour permeance values maintained constant, whereas barrier properties to oxygen reduced in a 70%, indicating the effectiveness of hydrogen bonding at the interphase. 25498612 10 19 from differences 886:896 arg1 properties 909:918 barrier properties 901:918 barrier properties 901:918 The use of CNC or CNC and WSNC upgraded mechanical results, but no significant differences in barrier properties were obtained. 25498612 11 20 theme mechanical 1113:1122 arg1 analysis 1124:1131 dynamic mechanical analysis 1105:1131 dynamic mechanical analysis 1105:1131 A homogeneous distribution of the nanofillers was demonstrated by atomic force microscopy, and a shift of the two relaxation peaks to higher temperatures was detected by dynamic mechanical analysis. 25498612 1 21 theme cellulose 277:285 arg1 CNC 301:303 CNC 301:303 CNC 301:303 In the present work, thermoplastic maize starch based bionanocomposites were prepared as transparent films, plasticized with 35% of glycerol and reinforced with both waxy starch (WSNC) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), previously extracted by acidic hydrolysis. 25498612 1 21 theme cellulose 277:285 arg1 nanocrystals 287:298 cellulose nanocrystals 277:298 cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) 277:304 In the present work, thermoplastic maize starch based bionanocomposites were prepared as transparent films, plasticized with 35% of glycerol and reinforced with both waxy starch (WSNC) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), previously extracted by acidic hydrolysis. 25498612 1 22 theme thermoplastic 109:121 arg1 films 189:193 transparent films 177:193 transparent films 177:193 In the present work, thermoplastic maize starch based bionanocomposites were prepared as transparent films, plasticized with 35% of glycerol and reinforced with both waxy starch (WSNC) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), previously extracted by acidic hydrolysis. 25498612 1 22 theme thermoplastic 109:121 arg1 bionanocomposites 142:158 thermoplastic maize starch based bionanocomposites 109:158 thermoplastic maize starch based bionanocomposites 109:158 In the present work, thermoplastic maize starch based bionanocomposites were prepared as transparent films, plasticized with 35% of glycerol and reinforced with both waxy starch (WSNC) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), previously extracted by acidic hydrolysis. 25498612 9 23 from effectiveness 754:766 arg1 interphase 795:804 the interphase 791:804 the interphase 791:804 Water vapour permeance values maintained constant, whereas barrier properties to oxygen reduced in a 70%, indicating the effectiveness of hydrogen bonding at the interphase. 25498612 10 24 theme significant 874:884 arg1 differences 886:896 no significant differences 871:896 no significant differences in barrier properties 871:918 The use of CNC or CNC and WSNC upgraded mechanical results, but no significant differences in barrier properties were obtained. 25498612 11 25 theme atomic 1001:1006 arg1 microscopy 1014:1023 atomic force microscopy 1001:1023 atomic force microscopy 1001:1023 A homogeneous distribution of the nanofillers was demonstrated by atomic force microscopy, and a shift of the two relaxation peaks to higher temperatures was detected by dynamic mechanical analysis. 25498612 11 26 theme higher 1069:1074 arg1 temperatures 1076:1087 higher temperatures 1069:1087 higher temperatures 1069:1087 A homogeneous distribution of the nanofillers was demonstrated by atomic force microscopy, and a shift of the two relaxation peaks to higher temperatures was detected by dynamic mechanical analysis. 25498612 9 27 theme barrier 692:698 arg1 properties 700:709 barrier properties 692:709 barrier properties to oxygen 692:719 Water vapour permeance values maintained constant, whereas barrier properties to oxygen reduced in a 70%, indicating the effectiveness of hydrogen bonding at the interphase. 25498612 1 28 theme glycerol 220:227 arg1 % 215:215 35% 213:215 35% of glycerol 213:227 In the present work, thermoplastic maize starch based bionanocomposites were prepared as transparent films, plasticized with 35% of glycerol and reinforced with both waxy starch (WSNC) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), previously extracted by acidic hydrolysis. 25498612 1 28 theme glycerol 220:227 arg1 glycerol 220:227 glycerol 220:227 glycerol 220:227 In the present work, thermoplastic maize starch based bionanocomposites were prepared as transparent films, plasticized with 35% of glycerol and reinforced with both waxy starch (WSNC) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), previously extracted by acidic hydrolysis. 25498612 0 29 theme starch 62:67 arg1 bionanocomposites 69:85 thermoplastic starch bionanocomposites 48:85 thermoplastic starch bionanocomposites 48:85 Starch and cellulose nanocrystals together into thermoplastic starch bionanocomposites. 25498612 1 30 theme maize 123:127 arg1 films 189:193 transparent films 177:193 transparent films 177:193 In the present work, thermoplastic maize starch based bionanocomposites were prepared as transparent films, plasticized with 35% of glycerol and reinforced with both waxy starch (WSNC) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), previously extracted by acidic hydrolysis. 25498612 1 30 theme maize 123:127 arg1 bionanocomposites 142:158 thermoplastic maize starch based bionanocomposites 109:158 thermoplastic maize starch based bionanocomposites 109:158 In the present work, thermoplastic maize starch based bionanocomposites were prepared as transparent films, plasticized with 35% of glycerol and reinforced with both waxy starch (WSNC) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), previously extracted by acidic hydrolysis. 25498612 0 31 theme thermoplastic 48:60 arg1 bionanocomposites 69:85 thermoplastic starch bionanocomposites 48:85 thermoplastic starch bionanocomposites 48:85 Starch and cellulose nanocrystals together into thermoplastic starch bionanocomposites. 25498612 1 32 theme starch 129:134 arg1 films 189:193 transparent films 177:193 transparent films 177:193 In the present work, thermoplastic maize starch based bionanocomposites were prepared as transparent films, plasticized with 35% of glycerol and reinforced with both waxy starch (WSNC) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), previously extracted by acidic hydrolysis. 25498612 1 32 theme starch 129:134 arg1 bionanocomposites 142:158 thermoplastic maize starch based bionanocomposites 109:158 thermoplastic maize starch based bionanocomposites 109:158 In the present work, thermoplastic maize starch based bionanocomposites were prepared as transparent films, plasticized with 35% of glycerol and reinforced with both waxy starch (WSNC) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), previously extracted by acidic hydrolysis. 25498612 8 33 theme tensile 547:553 arg1 measurements 555:566 tensile measurements 547:566 tensile measurements 547:566 As determined by tensile measurements, mechanical properties were improved at any composition of WSNC. 25498612 11 34 theme relaxation 1049:1058 arg1 peaks 1060:1064 the two relaxation peaks 1041:1064 the two relaxation peaks 1041:1064 A homogeneous distribution of the nanofillers was demonstrated by atomic force microscopy, and a shift of the two relaxation peaks to higher temperatures was detected by dynamic mechanical analysis. 25498612 1 35 theme based 136:140 arg1 films 189:193 transparent films 177:193 transparent films 177:193 In the present work, thermoplastic maize starch based bionanocomposites were prepared as transparent films, plasticized with 35% of glycerol and reinforced with both waxy starch (WSNC) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), previously extracted by acidic hydrolysis. 25498612 1 35 theme based 136:140 arg1 bionanocomposites 142:158 thermoplastic maize starch based bionanocomposites 109:158 thermoplastic maize starch based bionanocomposites 109:158 In the present work, thermoplastic maize starch based bionanocomposites were prepared as transparent films, plasticized with 35% of glycerol and reinforced with both waxy starch (WSNC) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), previously extracted by acidic hydrolysis. 25498612 10 36 theme CNC 818:820 arg1 use 811:813 The use 807:813 The use of CNC or CNC and WSNC 807:836 The use of CNC or CNC and WSNC upgraded mechanical results, but no significant differences in barrier properties were obtained. 25498612 8 37 theme mechanical 569:578 arg1 properties 580:589 mechanical properties 569:589 mechanical properties 569:589 As determined by tensile measurements, mechanical properties were improved at any composition of WSNC. 25498612 10 38 theme barrier 901:907 arg1 properties 909:918 barrier properties 901:918 barrier properties 901:918 The use of CNC or CNC and WSNC upgraded mechanical results, but no significant differences in barrier properties were obtained. 25498612 11 39 theme force 1008:1012 arg1 microscopy 1014:1023 atomic force microscopy 1001:1023 atomic force microscopy 1001:1023 A homogeneous distribution of the nanofillers was demonstrated by atomic force microscopy, and a shift of the two relaxation peaks to higher temperatures was detected by dynamic mechanical analysis. 25498612 6 40 theme different 473:481 arg1 nanoparticles 483:495 the two different nanoparticles 465:495 the two different nanoparticles 465:495 The effect of adding the two different nanoparticles at 1 wt. 25498612 11 41 theme peaks 1060:1064 arg1 shift 1032:1036 a shift 1030:1036 a shift of the two relaxation peaks to higher temperatures 1030:1087 A homogeneous distribution of the nanofillers was demonstrated by atomic force microscopy, and a shift of the two relaxation peaks to higher temperatures was detected by dynamic mechanical analysis. 24433908 0 0 from blends 18:23 arg1 Biomaterials 0:11 Biomaterials 0:11 Biomaterials 0:11 Biomaterials from blends of fluoropolymers and corn starch-implant and structural aspects. 24433908 6 1 theme proportion 1216:1225 arg1 independent 1188:1198 independent 1188:1198 independent 1188:1198 Elastic modulus (E') obtained from DMA measurement, independent of the material proportion used in blends, reaches values close to those of cancellous bone. 24433908 0 2 theme aspects 82:88 arg1 blends 18:23 blends 18:23 blends of fluoropolymers and corn starch-implant and structural aspects 18:88 Biomaterials from blends of fluoropolymers and corn starch-implant and structural aspects. 24433908 4 3 theme compressing/annealing 831:851 arg1 process 853:859 compressing/annealing process 831:859 compressing/annealing process 831:859 Vibrational spectroscopy reveals no chemical interaction between the polymers and starch, absence of material degradation due to compressing/annealing process or organism implantation, and maintenance of α and ferroelectric crystalline phases of PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE), respectively. 24433908 1 4 theme bone 154:157 arg1 regeneration 159:170 bone regeneration 154:170 bone regeneration 154:170 The development of polymeric blends to be used as matrices for bone regeneration is a hot topic nowadays. 24433908 4 5 theme phases 938:943 arg1 polymers 771:778 the polymers 767:778 the polymers 767:778 Vibrational spectroscopy reveals no chemical interaction between the polymers and starch, absence of material degradation due to compressing/annealing process or organism implantation, and maintenance of α and ferroelectric crystalline phases of PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE), respectively. 24433908 4 5 theme phases 938:943 arg1 maintenance 891:901 maintenance 891:901 maintenance 891:901 Vibrational spectroscopy reveals no chemical interaction between the polymers and starch, absence of material degradation due to compressing/annealing process or organism implantation, and maintenance of α and ferroelectric crystalline phases of PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE), respectively. 24433908 4 5 theme phases 938:943 arg1 absence 792:798 absence 792:798 absence of material degradation due to compressing/annealing process or organism implantation 792:884 Vibrational spectroscopy reveals no chemical interaction between the polymers and starch, absence of material degradation due to compressing/annealing process or organism implantation, and maintenance of α and ferroelectric crystalline phases of PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE), respectively. 24433908 4 5 theme phases 938:943 arg1 starch 784:789 starch 784:789 starch 784:789 Vibrational spectroscopy reveals no chemical interaction between the polymers and starch, absence of material degradation due to compressing/annealing process or organism implantation, and maintenance of α and ferroelectric crystalline phases of PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE), respectively. 24433908 3 6 theme in 655:656 arg1 study 663:667 in vivo study 655:667 in vivo study 655:667 Blends were produced by compressing/annealing and chemically/structurally characterized by micro-Raman scattering and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectroscopies, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), besides in vivo study to evaluate the tissue response. 24433908 4 7 theme organism 864:871 arg1 implantation 873:884 organism implantation 864:884 organism implantation 864:884 Vibrational spectroscopy reveals no chemical interaction between the polymers and starch, absence of material degradation due to compressing/annealing process or organism implantation, and maintenance of α and ferroelectric crystalline phases of PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE), respectively. 24433908 3 8 theme FTIR 540:543 arg1 spectroscopies 557:570 (FTIR) absorption spectroscopies 539:570 (FTIR) absorption spectroscopies 539:570 Blends were produced by compressing/annealing and chemically/structurally characterized by micro-Raman scattering and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectroscopies, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), besides in vivo study to evaluate the tissue response. 24433908 3 8 theme FTIR 540:543 arg1 microscopy 629:638 scanning electron microscopy 611:638 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 611:644 Blends were produced by compressing/annealing and chemically/structurally characterized by micro-Raman scattering and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectroscopies, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), besides in vivo study to evaluate the tissue response. 24433908 3 8 theme FTIR 540:543 arg1 analysis 592:599 dynamic mechanical analysis 573:599 dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) 573:605 Blends were produced by compressing/annealing and chemically/structurally characterized by micro-Raman scattering and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectroscopies, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), besides in vivo study to evaluate the tissue response. 24433908 4 9 theme crystalline 926:936 arg1 phases 938:943 α and ferroelectric crystalline phases 906:943 α and ferroelectric crystalline phases of PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE), respectively 906:981 Vibrational spectroscopy reveals no chemical interaction between the polymers and starch, absence of material degradation due to compressing/annealing process or organism implantation, and maintenance of α and ferroelectric crystalline phases of PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE), respectively. 24433908 4 10 theme PVDF 948:951 arg1 phases 938:943 α and ferroelectric crystalline phases 906:943 α and ferroelectric crystalline phases of PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE), respectively 906:981 Vibrational spectroscopy reveals no chemical interaction between the polymers and starch, absence of material degradation due to compressing/annealing process or organism implantation, and maintenance of α and ferroelectric crystalline phases of PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE), respectively. 24433908 3 11 theme tissue 685:690 arg1 response 692:699 the tissue response 681:699 the tissue response 681:699 Blends were produced by compressing/annealing and chemically/structurally characterized by micro-Raman scattering and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectroscopies, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), besides in vivo study to evaluate the tissue response. 24433908 4 12 theme degradation 812:822 arg1 polymers 771:778 the polymers 767:778 the polymers 767:778 Vibrational spectroscopy reveals no chemical interaction between the polymers and starch, absence of material degradation due to compressing/annealing process or organism implantation, and maintenance of α and ferroelectric crystalline phases of PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE), respectively. 24433908 4 12 theme degradation 812:822 arg1 maintenance 891:901 maintenance 891:901 maintenance 891:901 Vibrational spectroscopy reveals no chemical interaction between the polymers and starch, absence of material degradation due to compressing/annealing process or organism implantation, and maintenance of α and ferroelectric crystalline phases of PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE), respectively. 24433908 4 12 theme degradation 812:822 arg1 absence 792:798 absence 792:798 absence of material degradation due to compressing/annealing process or organism implantation 792:884 Vibrational spectroscopy reveals no chemical interaction between the polymers and starch, absence of material degradation due to compressing/annealing process or organism implantation, and maintenance of α and ferroelectric crystalline phases of PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE), respectively. 24433908 4 12 theme degradation 812:822 arg1 starch 784:789 starch 784:789 starch 784:789 Vibrational spectroscopy reveals no chemical interaction between the polymers and starch, absence of material degradation due to compressing/annealing process or organism implantation, and maintenance of α and ferroelectric crystalline phases of PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE), respectively. 24433908 2 13 theme corn 249:252 arg1 starch 254:259 corn starch 249:259 corn starch 249:259 In this article we report on the blends composed by corn starch and poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVDF, or poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene), P(VDF-TrFE), to obtain biocompatible materials. 24433908 6 14 theme DMA 1171:1173 arg1 measurement 1175:1185 DMA measurement 1171:1185 DMA measurement 1171:1185 Elastic modulus (E') obtained from DMA measurement, independent of the material proportion used in blends, reaches values close to those of cancellous bone. 24433908 4 15 theme material 803:810 arg1 degradation 812:822 material degradation 803:822 material degradation due to compressing/annealing process or organism implantation 803:884 Vibrational spectroscopy reveals no chemical interaction between the polymers and starch, absence of material degradation due to compressing/annealing process or organism implantation, and maintenance of α and ferroelectric crystalline phases of PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE), respectively. 24433908 4 16 theme chemical 738:745 arg1 interaction 747:757 no chemical interaction 735:757 no chemical interaction between the polymers and starch, absence of material degradation due to compressing/annealing process or organism implantation, and maintenance of α and ferroelectric crystalline phases of PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE), respectively 735:981 Vibrational spectroscopy reveals no chemical interaction between the polymers and starch, absence of material degradation due to compressing/annealing process or organism implantation, and maintenance of α and ferroelectric crystalline phases of PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE), respectively. 24433908 4 17 theme P 957:957 arg1 phases 938:943 α and ferroelectric crystalline phases 906:943 α and ferroelectric crystalline phases of PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE), respectively 906:981 Vibrational spectroscopy reveals no chemical interaction between the polymers and starch, absence of material degradation due to compressing/annealing process or organism implantation, and maintenance of α and ferroelectric crystalline phases of PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE), respectively. 24433908 7 18 theme cancellous 1403:1412 arg1 bone 1414:1417 cancellous bone 1403:1417 cancellous bone 1403:1417 Finally, the in vivo study in animals shows that the blends, regardless of the composition, were tolerated by cancellous bone. 24433908 2 19 theme biocompatible 369:381 arg1 materials 383:391 biocompatible materials 369:391 biocompatible materials 369:391 In this article we report on the blends composed by corn starch and poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVDF, or poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene), P(VDF-TrFE), to obtain biocompatible materials. 24433908 6 20 theme independent 1188:1198 arg1 measurement 1175:1185 DMA measurement 1171:1185 DMA measurement 1171:1185 Elastic modulus (E') obtained from DMA measurement, independent of the material proportion used in blends, reaches values close to those of cancellous bone. 24433908 4 21 theme due 824:826 arg1 degradation 812:822 material degradation 803:822 material degradation due to compressing/annealing process or organism implantation 803:884 Vibrational spectroscopy reveals no chemical interaction between the polymers and starch, absence of material degradation due to compressing/annealing process or organism implantation, and maintenance of α and ferroelectric crystalline phases of PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE), respectively. 24433908 2 22 theme vinylidene 270:279 arg1 poly 265:268 poly 265:268 poly(vinylidene fluoride) 265:289 In this article we report on the blends composed by corn starch and poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVDF, or poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene), P(VDF-TrFE), to obtain biocompatible materials. 24433908 2 22 theme vinylidene 270:279 arg1 fluoride 281:288 vinylidene fluoride 270:288 vinylidene fluoride 270:288 In this article we report on the blends composed by corn starch and poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVDF, or poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene), P(VDF-TrFE), to obtain biocompatible materials. 24433908 1 23 theme hot 177:179 arg1 development 95:105 The development 91:105 The development of polymeric blends to be used as matrices for bone regeneration 91:170 The development of polymeric blends to be used as matrices for bone regeneration is a hot topic nowadays. 24433908 1 23 theme hot 177:179 arg1 topic 181:185 a hot topic 175:185 a hot topic nowadays 175:194 The development of polymeric blends to be used as matrices for bone regeneration is a hot topic nowadays. 24433908 1 23 theme hot 177:179 arg1 nowadays 187:194 nowadays 187:194 nowadays 187:194 The development of polymeric blends to be used as matrices for bone regeneration is a hot topic nowadays. 24433908 3 24 dep in 655:656 arg1 vivo 658:661 vivo 658:661 vivo 658:661 Blends were produced by compressing/annealing and chemically/structurally characterized by micro-Raman scattering and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectroscopies, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), besides in vivo study to evaluate the tissue response. 24433908 4 25 theme α 906:906 arg1 phases 938:943 α and ferroelectric crystalline phases 906:943 α and ferroelectric crystalline phases of PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE), respectively 906:981 Vibrational spectroscopy reveals no chemical interaction between the polymers and starch, absence of material degradation due to compressing/annealing process or organism implantation, and maintenance of α and ferroelectric crystalline phases of PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE), respectively. 24433908 7 26 theme in 1306:1307 arg1 study 1314:1318 the in vivo study 1302:1318 the in vivo study in animals 1302:1329 Finally, the in vivo study in animals shows that the blends, regardless of the composition, were tolerated by cancellous bone. 24433908 3 27 theme absorption 546:555 arg1 spectroscopies 557:570 (FTIR) absorption spectroscopies 539:570 (FTIR) absorption spectroscopies 539:570 Blends were produced by compressing/annealing and chemically/structurally characterized by micro-Raman scattering and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectroscopies, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), besides in vivo study to evaluate the tissue response. 24433908 3 27 theme absorption 546:555 arg1 microscopy 629:638 scanning electron microscopy 611:638 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 611:644 Blends were produced by compressing/annealing and chemically/structurally characterized by micro-Raman scattering and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectroscopies, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), besides in vivo study to evaluate the tissue response. 24433908 3 27 theme absorption 546:555 arg1 analysis 592:599 dynamic mechanical analysis 573:599 dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) 573:605 Blends were produced by compressing/annealing and chemically/structurally characterized by micro-Raman scattering and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectroscopies, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), besides in vivo study to evaluate the tissue response. 24433908 3 28 theme electron 620:627 arg1 SEM 641:643 SEM 641:643 SEM 641:643 Blends were produced by compressing/annealing and chemically/structurally characterized by micro-Raman scattering and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectroscopies, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), besides in vivo study to evaluate the tissue response. 24433908 3 28 theme electron 620:627 arg1 spectroscopies 557:570 (FTIR) absorption spectroscopies 539:570 (FTIR) absorption spectroscopies 539:570 Blends were produced by compressing/annealing and chemically/structurally characterized by micro-Raman scattering and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectroscopies, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), besides in vivo study to evaluate the tissue response. 24433908 3 28 theme electron 620:627 arg1 microscopy 629:638 scanning electron microscopy 611:638 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 611:644 Blends were produced by compressing/annealing and chemically/structurally characterized by micro-Raman scattering and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectroscopies, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), besides in vivo study to evaluate the tissue response. 24433908 1 29 theme polymeric 110:118 arg1 blends 120:125 polymeric blends 110:125 polymeric blends 110:125 The development of polymeric blends to be used as matrices for bone regeneration is a hot topic nowadays. 24433908 2 30 theme vinylidene 306:315 arg1 poly 301:304 poly 301:304 poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) 301:343 In this article we report on the blends composed by corn starch and poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVDF, or poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene), P(VDF-TrFE), to obtain biocompatible materials. 24433908 2 30 theme vinylidene 306:315 arg1 fluoride-trifluoroethylene 317:342 vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene 306:342 vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene 306:342 In this article we report on the blends composed by corn starch and poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVDF, or poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene), P(VDF-TrFE), to obtain biocompatible materials. 24433908 4 31 theme ferroelectric 912:924 arg1 phases 938:943 α and ferroelectric crystalline phases 906:943 α and ferroelectric crystalline phases of PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE), respectively 906:981 Vibrational spectroscopy reveals no chemical interaction between the polymers and starch, absence of material degradation due to compressing/annealing process or organism implantation, and maintenance of α and ferroelectric crystalline phases of PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE), respectively. 24433908 3 32 theme dynamic 573:579 arg1 spectroscopies 557:570 (FTIR) absorption spectroscopies 539:570 (FTIR) absorption spectroscopies 539:570 Blends were produced by compressing/annealing and chemically/structurally characterized by micro-Raman scattering and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectroscopies, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), besides in vivo study to evaluate the tissue response. 24433908 3 32 theme dynamic 573:579 arg1 DMA 602:604 DMA 602:604 DMA 602:604 Blends were produced by compressing/annealing and chemically/structurally characterized by micro-Raman scattering and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectroscopies, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), besides in vivo study to evaluate the tissue response. 24433908 3 32 theme dynamic 573:579 arg1 analysis 592:599 dynamic mechanical analysis 573:599 dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) 573:605 Blends were produced by compressing/annealing and chemically/structurally characterized by micro-Raman scattering and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectroscopies, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), besides in vivo study to evaluate the tissue response. 24433908 0 33 theme fluoropolymers 28:41 arg1 blends 18:23 blends 18:23 blends of fluoropolymers and corn starch-implant and structural aspects 18:88 Biomaterials from blends of fluoropolymers and corn starch-implant and structural aspects. 24433908 3 34 theme mechanical 581:590 arg1 spectroscopies 557:570 (FTIR) absorption spectroscopies 539:570 (FTIR) absorption spectroscopies 539:570 Blends were produced by compressing/annealing and chemically/structurally characterized by micro-Raman scattering and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectroscopies, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), besides in vivo study to evaluate the tissue response. 24433908 3 34 theme mechanical 581:590 arg1 DMA 602:604 DMA 602:604 DMA 602:604 Blends were produced by compressing/annealing and chemically/structurally characterized by micro-Raman scattering and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectroscopies, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), besides in vivo study to evaluate the tissue response. 24433908 3 34 theme mechanical 581:590 arg1 analysis 592:599 dynamic mechanical analysis 573:599 dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) 573:605 Blends were produced by compressing/annealing and chemically/structurally characterized by micro-Raman scattering and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectroscopies, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), besides in vivo study to evaluate the tissue response. 24433908 0 35 theme starch-implant 52:65 arg1 aspects 82:88 corn starch-implant and structural aspects 47:88 corn starch-implant and structural aspects 47:88 Biomaterials from blends of fluoropolymers and corn starch-implant and structural aspects. 24433908 3 36 theme scanning 611:618 arg1 SEM 641:643 SEM 641:643 SEM 641:643 Blends were produced by compressing/annealing and chemically/structurally characterized by micro-Raman scattering and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectroscopies, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), besides in vivo study to evaluate the tissue response. 24433908 3 36 theme scanning 611:618 arg1 spectroscopies 557:570 (FTIR) absorption spectroscopies 539:570 (FTIR) absorption spectroscopies 539:570 Blends were produced by compressing/annealing and chemically/structurally characterized by micro-Raman scattering and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectroscopies, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), besides in vivo study to evaluate the tissue response. 24433908 3 36 theme scanning 611:618 arg1 microscopy 629:638 scanning electron microscopy 611:638 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 611:644 Blends were produced by compressing/annealing and chemically/structurally characterized by micro-Raman scattering and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectroscopies, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), besides in vivo study to evaluate the tissue response. 24433908 1 37 theme blends 120:125 arg1 development 95:105 The development 91:105 The development of polymeric blends to be used as matrices for bone regeneration 91:170 The development of polymeric blends to be used as matrices for bone regeneration is a hot topic nowadays. 24433908 1 37 theme blends 120:125 arg1 topic 181:185 a hot topic 175:185 a hot topic nowadays 175:194 The development of polymeric blends to be used as matrices for bone regeneration is a hot topic nowadays. 24433908 0 38 theme corn 47:50 arg1 aspects 82:88 corn starch-implant and structural aspects 47:88 corn starch-implant and structural aspects 47:88 Biomaterials from blends of fluoropolymers and corn starch-implant and structural aspects. 24433908 5 39 theme absence 1004:1010 arg1 consequence 989:999 a consequence 987:999 a consequence of absence of interaction between polymers and starch 987:1053 As a consequence of absence of interaction between polymers and starch, it was possible to identify by SEM each material, with starch acting as filler. 24433908 3 40 dep Fourier 512:518 arg1 transform 520:528 transform 520:528 transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectroscopies, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), besides in vivo study to evaluate the tissue response 520:699 Blends were produced by compressing/annealing and chemically/structurally characterized by micro-Raman scattering and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectroscopies, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), besides in vivo study to evaluate the tissue response. 24433908 5 41 with possible 1063:1070 arg1 starch 1111:1116 starch 1111:1116 starch 1111:1116 As a consequence of absence of interaction between polymers and starch, it was possible to identify by SEM each material, with starch acting as filler. 24433908 6 42 theme material 1207:1214 arg1 proportion 1216:1225 the material proportion 1203:1225 the material proportion used in blends 1203:1240 Elastic modulus (E') obtained from DMA measurement, independent of the material proportion used in blends, reaches values close to those of cancellous bone. 24433908 3 43 dep transform 520:528 arg1 infrared 530:537 infrared 530:537 transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectroscopies, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), besides in vivo study to evaluate the tissue response 520:699 Blends were produced by compressing/annealing and chemically/structurally characterized by micro-Raman scattering and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectroscopies, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), besides in vivo study to evaluate the tissue response. 24433908 5 44 theme interaction 1015:1025 arg1 absence 1004:1010 absence 1004:1010 absence of interaction between polymers and starch 1004:1053 As a consequence of absence of interaction between polymers and starch, it was possible to identify by SEM each material, with starch acting as filler. 24433908 4 45 theme Vibrational 702:712 arg1 spectroscopy 714:725 Vibrational spectroscopy 702:725 Vibrational spectroscopy 702:725 Vibrational spectroscopy reveals no chemical interaction between the polymers and starch, absence of material degradation due to compressing/annealing process or organism implantation, and maintenance of α and ferroelectric crystalline phases of PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE), respectively. 24433908 7 46 from study 1314:1318 arg1 animals 1323:1329 animals 1323:1329 animals 1323:1329 Finally, the in vivo study in animals shows that the blends, regardless of the composition, were tolerated by cancellous bone. 24433908 0 47 theme structural 71:80 arg1 aspects 82:88 corn starch-implant and structural aspects 47:88 corn starch-implant and structural aspects 47:88 Biomaterials from blends of fluoropolymers and corn starch-implant and structural aspects. 24433908 3 48 theme micro-Raman 485:495 arg1 scattering 497:506 micro-Raman scattering 485:506 micro-Raman scattering 485:506 Blends were produced by compressing/annealing and chemically/structurally characterized by micro-Raman scattering and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectroscopies, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), besides in vivo study to evaluate the tissue response. 24433908 7 49 dep in 1306:1307 arg1 vivo 1309:1312 vivo 1309:1312 vivo 1309:1312 Finally, the in vivo study in animals shows that the blends, regardless of the composition, were tolerated by cancellous bone. 24433908 6 50 theme Elastic 1136:1142 arg1 E 1153:1153 E' 1153:1154 E' 1153:1154 Elastic modulus (E') obtained from DMA measurement, independent of the material proportion used in blends, reaches values close to those of cancellous bone. 24433908 6 50 theme Elastic 1136:1142 arg1 modulus 1144:1150 Elastic modulus 1136:1150 Elastic modulus (E') obtained from DMA measurement, independent of the material proportion used in blends, 1136:1241 Elastic modulus (E') obtained from DMA measurement, independent of the material proportion used in blends, reaches values close to those of cancellous bone. 24433908 6 51 theme cancellous 1276:1285 arg1 bone 1287:1290 cancellous bone 1276:1290 cancellous bone 1276:1290 Elastic modulus (E') obtained from DMA measurement, independent of the material proportion used in blends, reaches values close to those of cancellous bone. 26234575 0 0 theme gel 82:84 arg1 fabrication 7:17 Facile fabrication 0:17 Facile fabrication of magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite gel for methylene blue removal. 0:112 Facile fabrication of magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite gel for methylene blue removal. 26234575 4 1 theme adsorption 661:670 arg1 property 672:679 excellent adsorption property 651:679 excellent adsorption property 651:679 Benefiting from the combined merits of carboxymethyl starch and magnetic gel, the mCMS/PVA simultaneously exhibited excellent adsorption property toward MB and convenient magnetic separation capability. 26234575 5 2 theme initial 753:759 arg1 concentration 765:777 initial dye concentration 753:777 initial dye concentration 753:777 The effects of initial dye concentration, contact time, pH and ionic strength on the adsorption performance of mCMS/PVA adsorbent were investigated systematically. 26234575 2 3 theme magnetometer 342:353 arg1 spectra 316:322 (FTIR) spectra 309:322 (FTIR) spectra 309:322 The obtained mCMS/PVA was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements. 26234575 2 3 theme magnetometer 342:353 arg1 measurements 400:411 vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements 325:411 vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements 325:411 The obtained mCMS/PVA was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements. 26234575 0 4 theme composite 72:80 arg1 gel 82:84 magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite gel 22:84 magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite gel 22:84 Facile fabrication of magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite gel for methylene blue removal. 26234575 6 5 theme adsorption 906:915 arg1 process 917:923 The adsorption process 902:923 The adsorption process of mCMS/PVA for MB 902:942 The adsorption process of mCMS/PVA for MB fitted pseudo-second-order model and Freundlich isotherm. 26234575 8 6 theme adsorption 1271:1280 arg1 performance 1282:1292 robust adsorption performance 1264:1292 robust adsorption performance 1264:1292 Considering the facile fabrication process and robust adsorption performance, the mCMS/PVA composite gel has great potential as a low cost adsorbent for environmental decontamination. 26234575 2 7 theme vibrating-sample 325:340 arg1 magnetometer 342:353 vibrating-sample magnetometer 325:353 vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) 325:359 The obtained mCMS/PVA was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements. 26234575 2 7 theme vibrating-sample 325:340 arg1 VSM 356:358 VSM 356:358 VSM 356:358 The obtained mCMS/PVA was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements. 26234575 7 8 theme removal 1148:1154 arg1 efficiency 1156:1165 removal efficiency 1148:1165 removal efficiency 1148:1165 Moreover, desorption experiments revealed that the mCMS/PVA adsorbent could be well regenerated in ethanol solution without obvious compromise of removal efficiency even after eight cycles of desorption/adsorption. 26234575 3 9 theme dye 502:504 arg1 removal 462:468 removal 462:468 removal of cationic methylene blue (MB) dye from water 462:515 The application of mCMS/PVA as an adsorbent for removal of cationic methylene blue (MB) dye from water was investigated. 26234575 4 10 theme combined 555:562 arg1 merits 564:569 the combined merits 551:569 the combined merits of carboxymethyl starch and magnetic gel 551:610 Benefiting from the combined merits of carboxymethyl starch and magnetic gel, the mCMS/PVA simultaneously exhibited excellent adsorption property toward MB and convenient magnetic separation capability. 26234575 8 11 contain has 1322:1324 arg2 potential 1332:1340 great potential 1326:1340 great potential 1326:1340 Considering the facile fabrication process and robust adsorption performance, the mCMS/PVA composite gel has great potential as a low cost adsorbent for environmental decontamination. 26234575 8 11 contain has 1322:1324 arg2 cost 1351:1354 a low cost 1345:1354 a low cost adsorbent for environmental decontamination 1345:1398 Considering the facile fabrication process and robust adsorption performance, the mCMS/PVA composite gel has great potential as a low cost adsorbent for environmental decontamination. 26234575 8 11 contain has 1322:1324 arg1 gel 1318:1320 the mCMS/PVA composite gel 1295:1320 the mCMS/PVA composite gel 1295:1320 Considering the facile fabrication process and robust adsorption performance, the mCMS/PVA composite gel has great potential as a low cost adsorbent for environmental decontamination. 26234575 3 12 theme cationic 473:480 arg1 dye 502:504 cationic methylene blue (MB) dye 473:504 cationic methylene blue (MB) dye 473:504 The application of mCMS/PVA as an adsorbent for removal of cationic methylene blue (MB) dye from water was investigated. 26234575 4 13 theme convenient 695:704 arg1 capability 726:735 convenient magnetic separation capability 695:735 convenient magnetic separation capability 695:735 Benefiting from the combined merits of carboxymethyl starch and magnetic gel, the mCMS/PVA simultaneously exhibited excellent adsorption property toward MB and convenient magnetic separation capability. 26234575 7 14 theme desorption/adsorption 1194:1214 arg1 cycles 1184:1189 eight cycles 1178:1189 eight cycles of desorption/adsorption 1178:1214 Moreover, desorption experiments revealed that the mCMS/PVA adsorbent could be well regenerated in ethanol solution without obvious compromise of removal efficiency even after eight cycles of desorption/adsorption. 26234575 5 15 theme mCMS/PVA 849:856 arg1 performance 834:844 the adsorption performance 819:844 the adsorption performance of mCMS/PVA adsorbent 819:866 The effects of initial dye concentration, contact time, pH and ionic strength on the adsorption performance of mCMS/PVA adsorbent were investigated systematically. 26234575 2 16 theme electron 374:381 arg1 SEM 395:397 SEM 395:397 SEM 395:397 The obtained mCMS/PVA was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements. 26234575 2 16 theme electron 374:381 arg1 microscopy 383:392 scanning electron microscopy 365:392 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 365:398 The obtained mCMS/PVA was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements. 26234575 0 17 theme blue 100:103 arg1 removal 105:111 methylene blue removal 90:111 methylene blue removal 90:111 Facile fabrication of magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite gel for methylene blue removal. 26234575 5 18 theme concentration 765:777 arg1 effects 742:748 The effects 738:748 The effects of initial dye concentration, contact time, pH and ionic strength on the adsorption performance of mCMS/PVA adsorbent 738:866 The effects of initial dye concentration, contact time, pH and ionic strength on the adsorption performance of mCMS/PVA adsorbent were investigated systematically. 26234575 5 19 theme pH 794:795 arg1 effects 742:748 The effects 738:748 The effects of initial dye concentration, contact time, pH and ionic strength on the adsorption performance of mCMS/PVA adsorbent 738:866 The effects of initial dye concentration, contact time, pH and ionic strength on the adsorption performance of mCMS/PVA adsorbent were investigated systematically. 26234575 2 20 theme scanning 365:372 arg1 SEM 395:397 SEM 395:397 SEM 395:397 The obtained mCMS/PVA was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements. 26234575 2 20 theme scanning 365:372 arg1 microscopy 383:392 scanning electron microscopy 365:392 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 365:398 The obtained mCMS/PVA was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements. 26234575 8 21 theme facile 1233:1238 arg1 process 1252:1258 the facile fabrication process 1229:1258 the facile fabrication process 1229:1258 Considering the facile fabrication process and robust adsorption performance, the mCMS/PVA composite gel has great potential as a low cost adsorbent for environmental decontamination. 26234575 5 22 theme dye 761:763 arg1 concentration 765:777 initial dye concentration 753:777 initial dye concentration 753:777 The effects of initial dye concentration, contact time, pH and ionic strength on the adsorption performance of mCMS/PVA adsorbent were investigated systematically. 26234575 7 23 theme ethanol 1101:1107 arg1 solution 1109:1116 ethanol solution 1101:1116 ethanol solution without obvious compromise of removal efficiency 1101:1165 Moreover, desorption experiments revealed that the mCMS/PVA adsorbent could be well regenerated in ethanol solution without obvious compromise of removal efficiency even after eight cycles of desorption/adsorption. 26234575 8 24 theme mCMS/PVA 1299:1306 arg1 gel 1318:1320 the mCMS/PVA composite gel 1295:1320 the mCMS/PVA composite gel 1295:1320 Considering the facile fabrication process and robust adsorption performance, the mCMS/PVA composite gel has great potential as a low cost adsorbent for environmental decontamination. 26234575 1 25 theme carboxymethyl 172:184 arg1 starch/poly 186:196 magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly 163:196 magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) (mCMS/PVA) composite gel 163:236 This study presents a simple method to fabricate magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) (mCMS/PVA) composite gel. 26234575 1 25 theme carboxymethyl 172:184 arg1 alcohol 204:210 vinyl alcohol 198:210 vinyl alcohol 198:210 This study presents a simple method to fabricate magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) (mCMS/PVA) composite gel. 26234575 1 25 theme carboxymethyl 172:184 arg1 mCMS/PVA 214:221 mCMS/PVA 214:221 mCMS/PVA 214:221 This study presents a simple method to fabricate magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) (mCMS/PVA) composite gel. 26234575 0 26 theme Facile 0:5 arg1 fabrication 7:17 Facile fabrication 0:17 Facile fabrication of magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite gel for methylene blue removal. 0:112 Facile fabrication of magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite gel for methylene blue removal. 26234575 6 27 theme Freundlich 981:990 arg1 isotherm 992:999 Freundlich isotherm 981:999 Freundlich isotherm 981:999 The adsorption process of mCMS/PVA for MB fitted pseudo-second-order model and Freundlich isotherm. 26234575 8 28 theme robust 1264:1269 arg1 performance 1282:1292 robust adsorption performance 1264:1292 robust adsorption performance 1264:1292 Considering the facile fabrication process and robust adsorption performance, the mCMS/PVA composite gel has great potential as a low cost adsorbent for environmental decontamination. 26234575 4 29 theme separation 715:724 arg1 capability 726:735 convenient magnetic separation capability 695:735 convenient magnetic separation capability 695:735 Benefiting from the combined merits of carboxymethyl starch and magnetic gel, the mCMS/PVA simultaneously exhibited excellent adsorption property toward MB and convenient magnetic separation capability. 26234575 1 30 theme starch/poly 186:196 arg1 gel 234:236 magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) (mCMS/PVA) composite gel 163:236 magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) (mCMS/PVA) composite gel 163:236 This study presents a simple method to fabricate magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) (mCMS/PVA) composite gel. 26234575 0 31 theme magnetic 22:29 arg1 gel 82:84 magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite gel 22:84 magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite gel 22:84 Facile fabrication of magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite gel for methylene blue removal. 26234575 8 32 theme low 1347:1349 arg1 cost 1351:1354 a low cost 1345:1354 a low cost adsorbent for environmental decontamination 1345:1398 Considering the facile fabrication process and robust adsorption performance, the mCMS/PVA composite gel has great potential as a low cost adsorbent for environmental decontamination. 26234575 8 32 theme low 1347:1349 arg1 potential 1332:1340 great potential 1326:1340 great potential 1326:1340 Considering the facile fabrication process and robust adsorption performance, the mCMS/PVA composite gel has great potential as a low cost adsorbent for environmental decontamination. 26234575 3 33 dep blue 492:495 arg1 MB 498:499 MB 498:499 MB 498:499 The application of mCMS/PVA as an adsorbent for removal of cationic methylene blue (MB) dye from water was investigated. 26234575 4 34 theme magnetic 599:606 arg1 gel 608:610 magnetic gel 599:610 magnetic gel 599:610 Benefiting from the combined merits of carboxymethyl starch and magnetic gel, the mCMS/PVA simultaneously exhibited excellent adsorption property toward MB and convenient magnetic separation capability. 26234575 5 35 theme ionic 801:805 arg1 strength 807:814 ionic strength 801:814 ionic strength 801:814 The effects of initial dye concentration, contact time, pH and ionic strength on the adsorption performance of mCMS/PVA adsorbent were investigated systematically. 26234575 8 36 theme environmental 1370:1382 arg1 decontamination 1384:1398 environmental decontamination 1370:1398 environmental decontamination 1370:1398 Considering the facile fabrication process and robust adsorption performance, the mCMS/PVA composite gel has great potential as a low cost adsorbent for environmental decontamination. 26234575 1 37 theme vinyl 198:202 arg1 starch/poly 186:196 magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly 163:196 magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) (mCMS/PVA) composite gel 163:236 This study presents a simple method to fabricate magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) (mCMS/PVA) composite gel. 26234575 1 37 theme vinyl 198:202 arg1 alcohol 204:210 vinyl alcohol 198:210 vinyl alcohol 198:210 This study presents a simple method to fabricate magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) (mCMS/PVA) composite gel. 26234575 0 38 theme starch/poly 45:55 arg1 gel 82:84 magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite gel 22:84 magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite gel 22:84 Facile fabrication of magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite gel for methylene blue removal. 26234575 6 39 theme pseudo-second-order 951:969 arg1 model 971:975 pseudo-second-order model 951:975 pseudo-second-order model 951:975 The adsorption process of mCMS/PVA for MB fitted pseudo-second-order model and Freundlich isotherm. 26234575 4 40 theme gel 608:610 arg1 merits 564:569 the combined merits 551:569 the combined merits of carboxymethyl starch and magnetic gel 551:610 Benefiting from the combined merits of carboxymethyl starch and magnetic gel, the mCMS/PVA simultaneously exhibited excellent adsorption property toward MB and convenient magnetic separation capability. 26234575 5 41 theme adsorbent 858:866 arg1 mCMS/PVA 849:856 mCMS/PVA adsorbent 849:866 mCMS/PVA adsorbent 849:866 The effects of initial dye concentration, contact time, pH and ionic strength on the adsorption performance of mCMS/PVA adsorbent were investigated systematically. 26234575 0 42 theme carboxymethyl 31:43 arg1 gel 82:84 magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite gel 22:84 magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite gel 22:84 Facile fabrication of magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite gel for methylene blue removal. 26234575 8 43 theme adsorbent 1356:1364 arg1 cost 1351:1354 a low cost 1345:1354 a low cost adsorbent for environmental decontamination 1345:1398 Considering the facile fabrication process and robust adsorption performance, the mCMS/PVA composite gel has great potential as a low cost adsorbent for environmental decontamination. 26234575 8 43 theme adsorbent 1356:1364 arg1 potential 1332:1340 great potential 1326:1340 great potential 1326:1340 Considering the facile fabrication process and robust adsorption performance, the mCMS/PVA composite gel has great potential as a low cost adsorbent for environmental decontamination. 26234575 5 44 theme adsorption 823:832 arg1 performance 834:844 the adsorption performance 819:844 the adsorption performance of mCMS/PVA adsorbent 819:866 The effects of initial dye concentration, contact time, pH and ionic strength on the adsorption performance of mCMS/PVA adsorbent were investigated systematically. 26234575 2 45 theme microscopy 383:392 arg1 spectra 316:322 (FTIR) spectra 309:322 (FTIR) spectra 309:322 The obtained mCMS/PVA was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements. 26234575 2 45 theme microscopy 383:392 arg1 measurements 400:411 vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements 325:411 vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements 325:411 The obtained mCMS/PVA was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements. 26234575 0 46 theme vinyl 57:61 arg1 gel 82:84 magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite gel 22:84 magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite gel 22:84 Facile fabrication of magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite gel for methylene blue removal. 26234575 7 47 theme adsorbent 1062:1070 arg1 mCMS/PVA 1053:1060 the mCMS/PVA adsorbent 1049:1070 the mCMS/PVA adsorbent 1049:1070 Moreover, desorption experiments revealed that the mCMS/PVA adsorbent could be well regenerated in ethanol solution without obvious compromise of removal efficiency even after eight cycles of desorption/adsorption. 26234575 2 48 dep transform 290:298 arg1 infrared 300:307 infrared 300:307 transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements 290:411 The obtained mCMS/PVA was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements. 26234575 5 49 theme time 788:791 arg1 effects 742:748 The effects 738:748 The effects of initial dye concentration, contact time, pH and ionic strength on the adsorption performance of mCMS/PVA adsorbent 738:866 The effects of initial dye concentration, contact time, pH and ionic strength on the adsorption performance of mCMS/PVA adsorbent were investigated systematically. 26234575 8 50 theme composite 1308:1316 arg1 gel 1318:1320 the mCMS/PVA composite gel 1295:1320 the mCMS/PVA composite gel 1295:1320 Considering the facile fabrication process and robust adsorption performance, the mCMS/PVA composite gel has great potential as a low cost adsorbent for environmental decontamination. 26234575 7 51 theme desorption 1012:1021 arg1 experiments 1023:1033 desorption experiments 1012:1033 desorption experiments 1012:1033 Moreover, desorption experiments revealed that the mCMS/PVA adsorbent could be well regenerated in ethanol solution without obvious compromise of removal efficiency even after eight cycles of desorption/adsorption. 26234575 2 52 dep Fourier 282:288 arg1 transform 290:298 transform 290:298 transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements 290:411 The obtained mCMS/PVA was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements. 26234575 3 53 from water 511:515 arg1 removal 462:468 removal 462:468 removal of cationic methylene blue (MB) dye from water 462:515 The application of mCMS/PVA as an adsorbent for removal of cationic methylene blue (MB) dye from water was investigated. 26234575 6 54 theme mCMS/PVA 928:935 arg1 process 917:923 The adsorption process 902:923 The adsorption process of mCMS/PVA for MB 902:942 The adsorption process of mCMS/PVA for MB fitted pseudo-second-order model and Freundlich isotherm. 26234575 5 55 theme contact 780:786 arg1 time 788:791 contact time 780:791 contact time 780:791 The effects of initial dye concentration, contact time, pH and ionic strength on the adsorption performance of mCMS/PVA adsorbent were investigated systematically. 26234575 2 56 theme obtained 243:250 arg1 mCMS/PVA 252:259 The obtained mCMS/PVA 239:259 The obtained mCMS/PVA 239:259 The obtained mCMS/PVA was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements. 26234575 4 57 theme excellent 651:659 arg1 property 672:679 excellent adsorption property 651:679 excellent adsorption property 651:679 Benefiting from the combined merits of carboxymethyl starch and magnetic gel, the mCMS/PVA simultaneously exhibited excellent adsorption property toward MB and convenient magnetic separation capability. 26234575 4 58 theme magnetic 706:713 arg1 capability 726:735 convenient magnetic separation capability 695:735 convenient magnetic separation capability 695:735 Benefiting from the combined merits of carboxymethyl starch and magnetic gel, the mCMS/PVA simultaneously exhibited excellent adsorption property toward MB and convenient magnetic separation capability. 26234575 8 59 theme fabrication 1240:1250 arg1 process 1252:1258 the facile fabrication process 1229:1258 the facile fabrication process 1229:1258 Considering the facile fabrication process and robust adsorption performance, the mCMS/PVA composite gel has great potential as a low cost adsorbent for environmental decontamination. 26234575 8 60 theme great 1326:1330 arg1 cost 1351:1354 a low cost 1345:1354 a low cost adsorbent for environmental decontamination 1345:1398 Considering the facile fabrication process and robust adsorption performance, the mCMS/PVA composite gel has great potential as a low cost adsorbent for environmental decontamination. 26234575 8 60 theme great 1326:1330 arg1 potential 1332:1340 great potential 1326:1340 great potential 1326:1340 Considering the facile fabrication process and robust adsorption performance, the mCMS/PVA composite gel has great potential as a low cost adsorbent for environmental decontamination. 26234575 5 61 from effects 742:748 arg1 performance 834:844 the adsorption performance 819:844 the adsorption performance of mCMS/PVA adsorbent 819:866 The effects of initial dye concentration, contact time, pH and ionic strength on the adsorption performance of mCMS/PVA adsorbent were investigated systematically. 26234575 2 62 theme FTIR 310:313 arg1 spectra 316:322 (FTIR) spectra 309:322 (FTIR) spectra 309:322 The obtained mCMS/PVA was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements. 26234575 2 62 theme FTIR 310:313 arg1 measurements 400:411 vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements 325:411 vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements 325:411 The obtained mCMS/PVA was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements. 26234575 3 63 theme mCMS/PVA 433:440 arg1 application 418:428 The application 414:428 The application of mCMS/PVA as an adsorbent for removal of cationic methylene blue (MB) dye from water 414:515 The application of mCMS/PVA as an adsorbent for removal of cationic methylene blue (MB) dye from water was investigated. 26234575 5 64 theme strength 807:814 arg1 effects 742:748 The effects 738:748 The effects of initial dye concentration, contact time, pH and ionic strength on the adsorption performance of mCMS/PVA adsorbent 738:866 The effects of initial dye concentration, contact time, pH and ionic strength on the adsorption performance of mCMS/PVA adsorbent were investigated systematically. 26234575 3 65 theme blue 492:495 arg1 dye 502:504 cationic methylene blue (MB) dye 473:504 cationic methylene blue (MB) dye 473:504 The application of mCMS/PVA as an adsorbent for removal of cationic methylene blue (MB) dye from water was investigated. 26234575 1 66 theme magnetic 163:170 arg1 starch/poly 186:196 magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly 163:196 magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) (mCMS/PVA) composite gel 163:236 This study presents a simple method to fabricate magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) (mCMS/PVA) composite gel. 26234575 1 66 theme magnetic 163:170 arg1 alcohol 204:210 vinyl alcohol 198:210 vinyl alcohol 198:210 This study presents a simple method to fabricate magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) (mCMS/PVA) composite gel. 26234575 1 66 theme magnetic 163:170 arg1 mCMS/PVA 214:221 mCMS/PVA 214:221 mCMS/PVA 214:221 This study presents a simple method to fabricate magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) (mCMS/PVA) composite gel. 26234575 4 67 theme starch 588:593 arg1 merits 564:569 the combined merits 551:569 the combined merits of carboxymethyl starch and magnetic gel 551:610 Benefiting from the combined merits of carboxymethyl starch and magnetic gel, the mCMS/PVA simultaneously exhibited excellent adsorption property toward MB and convenient magnetic separation capability. 26234575 0 68 theme alcohol 63:69 arg1 gel 82:84 magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite gel 22:84 magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite gel 22:84 Facile fabrication of magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite gel for methylene blue removal. 26234575 4 69 theme carboxymethyl 574:586 arg1 starch 588:593 carboxymethyl starch 574:593 carboxymethyl starch 574:593 Benefiting from the combined merits of carboxymethyl starch and magnetic gel, the mCMS/PVA simultaneously exhibited excellent adsorption property toward MB and convenient magnetic separation capability. 26234575 1 70 theme simple 136:141 arg1 method 143:148 a simple method 134:148 a simple method to fabricate magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) (mCMS/PVA) composite gel 134:236 This study presents a simple method to fabricate magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) (mCMS/PVA) composite gel. 26234575 1 71 theme composite 224:232 arg1 gel 234:236 magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) (mCMS/PVA) composite gel 163:236 magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) (mCMS/PVA) composite gel 163:236 This study presents a simple method to fabricate magnetic carboxymethyl starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) (mCMS/PVA) composite gel. 26256388 0 0 theme different 88:96 arg1 agents 111:116 different crosslinking agents 88:116 different crosslinking agents 88:116 Tailoring chitosan/collagen scaffolds for tissue engineering: Effect of composition and different crosslinking agents on scaffold properties. 26256388 3 1 theme crosslinking 686:697 arg1 methods 699:705 different crosslinking methods 676:705 different crosslinking methods 676:705 This work entailed a systematic study of these essential properties of three Chit/Col compositions, covering a wide range of component ratios and using different crosslinking methods. 26256388 4 2 theme Chit-enriched 872:884 arg1 compositions 886:897 Chit-enriched compositions 872:897 Chit-enriched compositions 872:897 Our results showed the possibility of tailoring these properties by changing component ratios, since different interactions occurred between Chit/Col: samples with Chit-enriched compositions showed a hydrogen-bonding type complex (HC), whereas a self-crosslinking phenomenon was induced in Col-enriched scaffolds. 26256388 6 3 dep specific 1256:1263 arg1 needs 1265:1269 needs 1265:1269 needs 1265:1269 In such way, we obtained a wide range of scaffolds whose properties were tailored to meet specific needs of TE applications. 26256388 2 4 theme mechanical 461:470 arg1 stiffness 472:480 mechanical stiffness 461:480 mechanical stiffness 461:480 However, there exists a lack of detailed study on the influence of important design parameters (i.e, component ratio or crosslinking methods) on the essential properties of the scaffolds (morphology, mechanical stiffness, swelling, degradation and cytotoxicity). 26256388 2 4 theme mechanical 461:470 arg1 scaffolds 438:446 the scaffolds 434:446 the scaffolds (morphology, mechanical stiffness, swelling, degradation and cytotoxicity) 434:521 However, there exists a lack of detailed study on the influence of important design parameters (i.e, component ratio or crosslinking methods) on the essential properties of the scaffolds (morphology, mechanical stiffness, swelling, degradation and cytotoxicity). 26256388 2 5 dep scaffolds 438:446 arg1 degradation 493:503 degradation 493:503 degradation 493:503 However, there exists a lack of detailed study on the influence of important design parameters (i.e, component ratio or crosslinking methods) on the essential properties of the scaffolds (morphology, mechanical stiffness, swelling, degradation and cytotoxicity). 26256388 2 5 dep scaffolds 438:446 arg1 cytotoxicity 509:520 cytotoxicity 509:520 cytotoxicity 509:520 However, there exists a lack of detailed study on the influence of important design parameters (i.e, component ratio or crosslinking methods) on the essential properties of the scaffolds (morphology, mechanical stiffness, swelling, degradation and cytotoxicity). 26256388 2 5 dep scaffolds 438:446 arg1 stiffness 472:480 mechanical stiffness 461:480 mechanical stiffness 461:480 However, there exists a lack of detailed study on the influence of important design parameters (i.e, component ratio or crosslinking methods) on the essential properties of the scaffolds (morphology, mechanical stiffness, swelling, degradation and cytotoxicity). 26256388 2 5 dep scaffolds 438:446 arg1 swelling 483:490 swelling 483:490 swelling 483:490 However, there exists a lack of detailed study on the influence of important design parameters (i.e, component ratio or crosslinking methods) on the essential properties of the scaffolds (morphology, mechanical stiffness, swelling, degradation and cytotoxicity). 26256388 2 5 dep scaffolds 438:446 arg1 scaffolds 438:446 the scaffolds 434:446 the scaffolds (morphology, mechanical stiffness, swelling, degradation and cytotoxicity) 434:521 However, there exists a lack of detailed study on the influence of important design parameters (i.e, component ratio or crosslinking methods) on the essential properties of the scaffolds (morphology, mechanical stiffness, swelling, degradation and cytotoxicity). 26256388 2 5 dep scaffolds 438:446 arg1 morphology 449:458 morphology 449:458 morphology 449:458 However, there exists a lack of detailed study on the influence of important design parameters (i.e, component ratio or crosslinking methods) on the essential properties of the scaffolds (morphology, mechanical stiffness, swelling, degradation and cytotoxicity). 26256388 2 6 theme parameters 345:354 arg1 influence 315:323 the influence 311:323 the influence of important design parameters (i.e, component ratio or crosslinking methods) on the essential properties of the scaffolds (morphology, mechanical stiffness, swelling, degradation and cytotoxicity) 311:521 However, there exists a lack of detailed study on the influence of important design parameters (i.e, component ratio or crosslinking methods) on the essential properties of the scaffolds (morphology, mechanical stiffness, swelling, degradation and cytotoxicity). 26256388 0 7 theme agents 111:116 arg1 Effect 62:67 Effect 62:67 Tailoring chitosan/collagen scaffolds for tissue engineering: Effect of composition and different crosslinking agents on scaffold properties. 0:140 Tailoring chitosan/collagen scaffolds for tissue engineering: Effect of composition and different crosslinking agents on scaffold properties. 26256388 3 8 theme compositions 610:621 arg1 properties 581:590 these essential properties 565:590 these essential properties of three Chit/Col compositions 565:621 This work entailed a systematic study of these essential properties of three Chit/Col compositions, covering a wide range of component ratios and using different crosslinking methods. 26256388 5 9 theme material 1036:1043 arg1 properties 1060:1069 material and biological properties 1036:1069 properties 1060:1069 Additionally, material and biological properties of the resultant matrices were further adjusted and tuned by changing crosslinking conditions. 26256388 2 10 from influence 315:323 arg1 lack 285:288 a lack 283:288 a lack of detailed study on the influence of important design parameters (i.e, component ratio or crosslinking methods) on the essential properties of the scaffolds (morphology, mechanical stiffness, swelling, degradation and cytotoxicity) 283:521 However, there exists a lack of detailed study on the influence of important design parameters (i.e, component ratio or crosslinking methods) on the essential properties of the scaffolds (morphology, mechanical stiffness, swelling, degradation and cytotoxicity). 26256388 2 10 from influence 315:323 arg1 properties 420:429 the essential properties 406:429 the essential properties of the scaffolds (morphology, mechanical stiffness, swelling, degradation and cytotoxicity) 406:521 However, there exists a lack of detailed study on the influence of important design parameters (i.e, component ratio or crosslinking methods) on the essential properties of the scaffolds (morphology, mechanical stiffness, swelling, degradation and cytotoxicity). 26256388 0 11 theme crosslinking 98:109 arg1 agents 111:116 different crosslinking agents 88:116 different crosslinking agents 88:116 Tailoring chitosan/collagen scaffolds for tissue engineering: Effect of composition and different crosslinking agents on scaffold properties. 26256388 0 12 from Effect 62:67 arg1 properties 130:139 scaffold properties 121:139 scaffold properties 121:139 Tailoring chitosan/collagen scaffolds for tissue engineering: Effect of composition and different crosslinking agents on scaffold properties. 26256388 2 13 dep parameters 345:354 arg1 i.e 357:359 i.e 357:359 i.e 357:359 However, there exists a lack of detailed study on the influence of important design parameters (i.e, component ratio or crosslinking methods) on the essential properties of the scaffolds (morphology, mechanical stiffness, swelling, degradation and cytotoxicity). 26256388 2 13 dep parameters 345:354 arg1 ratio 372:376 component ratio 362:376 component ratio 362:376 However, there exists a lack of detailed study on the influence of important design parameters (i.e, component ratio or crosslinking methods) on the essential properties of the scaffolds (morphology, mechanical stiffness, swelling, degradation and cytotoxicity). 26256388 2 13 dep parameters 345:354 arg1 methods 394:400 crosslinking methods 381:400 crosslinking methods 381:400 However, there exists a lack of detailed study on the influence of important design parameters (i.e, component ratio or crosslinking methods) on the essential properties of the scaffolds (morphology, mechanical stiffness, swelling, degradation and cytotoxicity). 26256388 0 14 theme scaffold 121:128 arg1 properties 130:139 scaffold properties 121:139 scaffold properties 121:139 Tailoring chitosan/collagen scaffolds for tissue engineering: Effect of composition and different crosslinking agents on scaffold properties. 26256388 6 15 theme such 1169:1172 arg1 way 1174:1176 such way 1169:1176 such way 1169:1176 In such way, we obtained a wide range of scaffolds whose properties were tailored to meet specific needs of TE applications. 26256388 6 16 theme applications 1277:1288 arg1 specific 1256:1263 specific 1256:1263 specific 1256:1263 In such way, we obtained a wide range of scaffolds whose properties were tailored to meet specific needs of TE applications. 26256388 6 17 theme wide 1193:1196 arg1 range 1198:1202 a wide range 1191:1202 a wide range of scaffolds whose properties were tailored to meet specific needs of TE applications 1191:1288 In such way, we obtained a wide range of scaffolds whose properties were tailored to meet specific needs of TE applications. 26256388 2 18 theme crosslinking 381:392 arg1 methods 394:400 crosslinking methods 381:400 crosslinking methods 381:400 However, there exists a lack of detailed study on the influence of important design parameters (i.e, component ratio or crosslinking methods) on the essential properties of the scaffolds (morphology, mechanical stiffness, swelling, degradation and cytotoxicity). 26256388 4 19 theme self-crosslinking 954:970 arg1 phenomenon 972:981 a self-crosslinking phenomenon 952:981 a self-crosslinking phenomenon 952:981 Our results showed the possibility of tailoring these properties by changing component ratios, since different interactions occurred between Chit/Col: samples with Chit-enriched compositions showed a hydrogen-bonding type complex (HC), whereas a self-crosslinking phenomenon was induced in Col-enriched scaffolds. 26256388 6 20 theme TE 1274:1275 arg1 applications 1277:1288 TE applications 1274:1288 TE applications 1274:1288 In such way, we obtained a wide range of scaffolds whose properties were tailored to meet specific needs of TE applications. 26256388 1 21 theme great 196:200 arg1 potential 202:210 great potential 196:210 great potential for use in tissue engineering (TE) applications 196:258 Chitosan/collagen (Chit/Col) blends have demonstrated great potential for use in tissue engineering (TE) applications. 26256388 0 22 theme chitosan/collagen 10:26 arg1 scaffolds 28:36 Tailoring chitosan/collagen scaffolds 0:36 Tailoring chitosan/collagen scaffolds for tissue engineering: Effect of composition and different crosslinking agents on scaffold properties. 0:140 Tailoring chitosan/collagen scaffolds for tissue engineering: Effect of composition and different crosslinking agents on scaffold properties. 26256388 5 23 theme crosslinking 1141:1152 arg1 conditions 1154:1163 crosslinking conditions 1141:1163 crosslinking conditions 1141:1163 Additionally, material and biological properties of the resultant matrices were further adjusted and tuned by changing crosslinking conditions. 26256388 3 24 theme systematic 545:554 arg1 study 556:560 a systematic study 543:560 a systematic study 543:560 This work entailed a systematic study of these essential properties of three Chit/Col compositions, covering a wide range of component ratios and using different crosslinking methods. 26256388 0 25 theme Tailoring 0:8 arg1 scaffolds 28:36 Tailoring chitosan/collagen scaffolds 0:36 Tailoring chitosan/collagen scaffolds for tissue engineering: Effect of composition and different crosslinking agents on scaffold properties. 0:140 Tailoring chitosan/collagen scaffolds for tissue engineering: Effect of composition and different crosslinking agents on scaffold properties. 26256388 2 26 theme component 362:370 arg1 ratio 372:376 component ratio 362:376 component ratio 362:376 However, there exists a lack of detailed study on the influence of important design parameters (i.e, component ratio or crosslinking methods) on the essential properties of the scaffolds (morphology, mechanical stiffness, swelling, degradation and cytotoxicity). 26256388 2 27 theme study 302:306 arg1 lack 285:288 a lack 283:288 a lack of detailed study on the influence of important design parameters (i.e, component ratio or crosslinking methods) on the essential properties of the scaffolds (morphology, mechanical stiffness, swelling, degradation and cytotoxicity) 283:521 However, there exists a lack of detailed study on the influence of important design parameters (i.e, component ratio or crosslinking methods) on the essential properties of the scaffolds (morphology, mechanical stiffness, swelling, degradation and cytotoxicity). 26256388 4 28 theme different 809:817 arg1 interactions 819:830 different interactions 809:830 different interactions 809:830 Our results showed the possibility of tailoring these properties by changing component ratios, since different interactions occurred between Chit/Col: samples with Chit-enriched compositions showed a hydrogen-bonding type complex (HC), whereas a self-crosslinking phenomenon was induced in Col-enriched scaffolds. 26256388 4 29 theme Col-enriched 998:1009 arg1 scaffolds 1011:1019 Col-enriched scaffolds 998:1019 Col-enriched scaffolds 998:1019 Our results showed the possibility of tailoring these properties by changing component ratios, since different interactions occurred between Chit/Col: samples with Chit-enriched compositions showed a hydrogen-bonding type complex (HC), whereas a self-crosslinking phenomenon was induced in Col-enriched scaffolds. 26256388 2 30 theme essential 410:418 arg1 properties 420:429 the essential properties 406:429 the essential properties of the scaffolds (morphology, mechanical stiffness, swelling, degradation and cytotoxicity) 406:521 However, there exists a lack of detailed study on the influence of important design parameters (i.e, component ratio or crosslinking methods) on the essential properties of the scaffolds (morphology, mechanical stiffness, swelling, degradation and cytotoxicity). 26256388 2 31 theme detailed 293:300 arg1 study 302:306 detailed study 293:306 detailed study on the influence of important design parameters (i.e, component ratio or crosslinking methods) on the essential properties of the scaffolds (morphology, mechanical stiffness, swelling, degradation and cytotoxicity) 293:521 However, there exists a lack of detailed study on the influence of important design parameters (i.e, component ratio or crosslinking methods) on the essential properties of the scaffolds (morphology, mechanical stiffness, swelling, degradation and cytotoxicity). 26256388 3 32 dep study 556:560 arg1 covering 624:631 covering 624:631 covering a wide range of component ratios 624:664 This work entailed a systematic study of these essential properties of three Chit/Col compositions, covering a wide range of component ratios and using different crosslinking methods. 26256388 3 32 dep study 556:560 arg1 using 670:674 using 670:674 using different crosslinking methods 670:705 This work entailed a systematic study of these essential properties of three Chit/Col compositions, covering a wide range of component ratios and using different crosslinking methods. 26256388 3 33 theme wide 635:638 arg1 range 640:644 a wide range 633:644 a wide range of component ratios 633:664 This work entailed a systematic study of these essential properties of three Chit/Col compositions, covering a wide range of component ratios and using different crosslinking methods. 26256388 3 34 theme essential 571:579 arg1 properties 581:590 these essential properties 565:590 these essential properties of three Chit/Col compositions 565:621 This work entailed a systematic study of these essential properties of three Chit/Col compositions, covering a wide range of component ratios and using different crosslinking methods. 26256388 1 35 theme tissue 223:228 arg1 TE 243:244 TE 243:244 TE 243:244 Chitosan/collagen (Chit/Col) blends have demonstrated great potential for use in tissue engineering (TE) applications. 26256388 1 35 theme tissue 223:228 arg1 engineering 230:240 tissue engineering 223:240 tissue engineering (TE) applications 223:258 Chitosan/collagen (Chit/Col) blends have demonstrated great potential for use in tissue engineering (TE) applications. 26256388 0 36 theme tissue 42:47 arg1 engineering 49:59 tissue engineering 42:59 tissue engineering 42:59 Tailoring chitosan/collagen scaffolds for tissue engineering: Effect of composition and different crosslinking agents on scaffold properties. 26256388 3 37 theme properties 581:590 arg1 study 556:560 a systematic study 543:560 a systematic study 543:560 This work entailed a systematic study of these essential properties of three Chit/Col compositions, covering a wide range of component ratios and using different crosslinking methods. 26256388 1 38 theme engineering 230:240 arg1 applications 247:258 tissue engineering (TE) applications 223:258 tissue engineering (TE) applications 223:258 Chitosan/collagen (Chit/Col) blends have demonstrated great potential for use in tissue engineering (TE) applications. 26256388 4 39 theme hydrogen-bonding 908:923 arg1 HC 939:940 HC 939:940 HC 939:940 Our results showed the possibility of tailoring these properties by changing component ratios, since different interactions occurred between Chit/Col: samples with Chit-enriched compositions showed a hydrogen-bonding type complex (HC), whereas a self-crosslinking phenomenon was induced in Col-enriched scaffolds. 26256388 4 39 theme hydrogen-bonding 908:923 arg1 complex 930:936 a hydrogen-bonding type complex 906:936 a hydrogen-bonding type complex (HC) 906:941 Our results showed the possibility of tailoring these properties by changing component ratios, since different interactions occurred between Chit/Col: samples with Chit-enriched compositions showed a hydrogen-bonding type complex (HC), whereas a self-crosslinking phenomenon was induced in Col-enriched scaffolds. 26256388 5 40 theme biological 1049:1058 arg1 properties 1060:1069 material and biological properties 1036:1069 properties 1060:1069 Additionally, material and biological properties of the resultant matrices were further adjusted and tuned by changing crosslinking conditions. 26256388 2 41 theme design 338:343 arg1 parameters 345:354 important design parameters 328:354 important design parameters (i.e, component ratio or crosslinking methods) 328:401 However, there exists a lack of detailed study on the influence of important design parameters (i.e, component ratio or crosslinking methods) on the essential properties of the scaffolds (morphology, mechanical stiffness, swelling, degradation and cytotoxicity). 26256388 2 42 theme scaffolds 438:446 arg1 properties 420:429 the essential properties 406:429 the essential properties of the scaffolds (morphology, mechanical stiffness, swelling, degradation and cytotoxicity) 406:521 However, there exists a lack of detailed study on the influence of important design parameters (i.e, component ratio or crosslinking methods) on the essential properties of the scaffolds (morphology, mechanical stiffness, swelling, degradation and cytotoxicity). 26256388 3 43 theme component 649:657 arg1 ratios 659:664 component ratios 649:664 component ratios 649:664 This work entailed a systematic study of these essential properties of three Chit/Col compositions, covering a wide range of component ratios and using different crosslinking methods. 26256388 2 44 theme important 328:336 arg1 parameters 345:354 important design parameters 328:354 important design parameters (i.e, component ratio or crosslinking methods) 328:401 However, there exists a lack of detailed study on the influence of important design parameters (i.e, component ratio or crosslinking methods) on the essential properties of the scaffolds (morphology, mechanical stiffness, swelling, degradation and cytotoxicity). 26256388 3 45 theme ratios 659:664 arg1 range 640:644 a wide range 633:644 a wide range of component ratios 633:664 This work entailed a systematic study of these essential properties of three Chit/Col compositions, covering a wide range of component ratios and using different crosslinking methods. 26256388 3 46 theme Chit/Col 601:608 arg1 compositions 610:621 three Chit/Col compositions 595:621 three Chit/Col compositions 595:621 This work entailed a systematic study of these essential properties of three Chit/Col compositions, covering a wide range of component ratios and using different crosslinking methods. 26256388 1 47 theme Chitosan/collagen 142:158 arg1 blends 171:176 Chitosan/collagen (Chit/Col) blends 142:176 Chitosan/collagen (Chit/Col) blends 142:176 Chitosan/collagen (Chit/Col) blends have demonstrated great potential for use in tissue engineering (TE) applications. 26256388 4 48 theme type 925:928 arg1 HC 939:940 HC 939:940 HC 939:940 Our results showed the possibility of tailoring these properties by changing component ratios, since different interactions occurred between Chit/Col: samples with Chit-enriched compositions showed a hydrogen-bonding type complex (HC), whereas a self-crosslinking phenomenon was induced in Col-enriched scaffolds. 26256388 4 48 theme type 925:928 arg1 complex 930:936 a hydrogen-bonding type complex 906:936 a hydrogen-bonding type complex (HC) 906:941 Our results showed the possibility of tailoring these properties by changing component ratios, since different interactions occurred between Chit/Col: samples with Chit-enriched compositions showed a hydrogen-bonding type complex (HC), whereas a self-crosslinking phenomenon was induced in Col-enriched scaffolds. 26256388 5 49 theme resultant 1078:1086 arg1 matrices 1088:1095 the resultant matrices 1074:1095 the resultant matrices 1074:1095 Additionally, material and biological properties of the resultant matrices were further adjusted and tuned by changing crosslinking conditions. 26256388 0 50 dep scaffolds 28:36 arg1 Effect 62:67 Effect 62:67 Tailoring chitosan/collagen scaffolds for tissue engineering: Effect of composition and different crosslinking agents on scaffold properties. 0:140 Tailoring chitosan/collagen scaffolds for tissue engineering: Effect of composition and different crosslinking agents on scaffold properties. 26256388 1 51 from potential 202:210 arg1 applications 247:258 tissue engineering (TE) applications 223:258 tissue engineering (TE) applications 223:258 Chitosan/collagen (Chit/Col) blends have demonstrated great potential for use in tissue engineering (TE) applications. 26256388 4 52 theme component 785:793 arg1 ratios 795:800 component ratios 785:800 component ratios 785:800 Our results showed the possibility of tailoring these properties by changing component ratios, since different interactions occurred between Chit/Col: samples with Chit-enriched compositions showed a hydrogen-bonding type complex (HC), whereas a self-crosslinking phenomenon was induced in Col-enriched scaffolds. 26256388 0 53 theme composition 72:82 arg1 Effect 62:67 Effect 62:67 Tailoring chitosan/collagen scaffolds for tissue engineering: Effect of composition and different crosslinking agents on scaffold properties. 0:140 Tailoring chitosan/collagen scaffolds for tissue engineering: Effect of composition and different crosslinking agents on scaffold properties. 26256388 5 54 theme matrices 1088:1095 arg1 properties 1060:1069 material and biological properties 1036:1069 properties 1060:1069 Additionally, material and biological properties of the resultant matrices were further adjusted and tuned by changing crosslinking conditions. 26256388 4 55 with samples 859:865 arg1 compositions 886:897 Chit-enriched compositions 872:897 Chit-enriched compositions 872:897 Our results showed the possibility of tailoring these properties by changing component ratios, since different interactions occurred between Chit/Col: samples with Chit-enriched compositions showed a hydrogen-bonding type complex (HC), whereas a self-crosslinking phenomenon was induced in Col-enriched scaffolds. 26256388 1 56 theme Chit/Col 161:168 arg1 blends 171:176 Chitosan/collagen (Chit/Col) blends 142:176 Chitosan/collagen (Chit/Col) blends 142:176 Chitosan/collagen (Chit/Col) blends have demonstrated great potential for use in tissue engineering (TE) applications. 26256388 2 57 from lack 285:288 arg1 influence 315:323 the influence 311:323 the influence of important design parameters (i.e, component ratio or crosslinking methods) on the essential properties of the scaffolds (morphology, mechanical stiffness, swelling, degradation and cytotoxicity) 311:521 However, there exists a lack of detailed study on the influence of important design parameters (i.e, component ratio or crosslinking methods) on the essential properties of the scaffolds (morphology, mechanical stiffness, swelling, degradation and cytotoxicity). 26256388 3 58 theme different 676:684 arg1 methods 699:705 different crosslinking methods 676:705 different crosslinking methods 676:705 This work entailed a systematic study of these essential properties of three Chit/Col compositions, covering a wide range of component ratios and using different crosslinking methods. 26256388 6 59 theme scaffolds 1207:1215 arg1 range 1198:1202 a wide range 1191:1202 a wide range of scaffolds whose properties were tailored to meet specific needs of TE applications 1191:1288 In such way, we obtained a wide range of scaffolds whose properties were tailored to meet specific needs of TE applications. 26256388 2 60 from study 302:306 arg1 influence 315:323 the influence 311:323 the influence of important design parameters (i.e, component ratio or crosslinking methods) on the essential properties of the scaffolds (morphology, mechanical stiffness, swelling, degradation and cytotoxicity) 311:521 However, there exists a lack of detailed study on the influence of important design parameters (i.e, component ratio or crosslinking methods) on the essential properties of the scaffolds (morphology, mechanical stiffness, swelling, degradation and cytotoxicity). 24962508 0 0 theme Cross-Linkage 87:99 arg1 Compounds 64:72 Two Hyaluronic Acid-based Compounds 38:72 Two Hyaluronic Acid-based Compounds of Different Cross-Linkage and Composition 38:115 Experimental and Clinical Efficacy of Two Hyaluronic Acid-based Compounds of Different Cross-Linkage and Composition in the Rejuvenation of the Skin. 24962508 2 1 theme amino 577:581 arg1 acids 583:587 amino acids 577:587 amino acids 577:587 METHODS AND AIMS We designed a study to evaluate the safety and histological biocompatibility of Aliaxin® Global Performance, a cross-linked HA filler and Viscoderm® Skinkò E, a product composed of non-cross-linked HA and a complex including vitamins, antioxidants, amino acids and minerals injected into the skin of guinea pigs. 24962508 5 2 theme aesthetic 1236:1244 arg1 appearance 1246:1255 wrinkle aesthetic appearance 1228:1255 wrinkle aesthetic appearance 1228:1255 In the clinical setting, injection of Aliaxin® Global Performance, followed by Viscoderm® Skinkò E, resulted in a higher improvement in nasolabial fold hydration, trans-epidermal water loss and wrinkle aesthetic appearance, if compared with a protocol based on Aliaxin® Global Performance alone. 24962508 1 3 theme effective 239:247 arg1 fillers 270:276 safe and effective hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers 230:276 safe and effective hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers 230:276 BACKGROUND In the field of aesthetic medicine there is an increasing demand for safe and effective hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers to counteract the aging process. 24962508 0 4 theme Different 77:85 arg1 Cross-Linkage 87:99 Different Cross-Linkage 77:99 Different Cross-Linkage 77:99 Experimental and Clinical Efficacy of Two Hyaluronic Acid-based Compounds of Different Cross-Linkage and Composition in the Rejuvenation of the Skin. 24962508 6 5 dep CONCLUSION 1330:1339 arg1 summary 1344:1350 summary 1344:1350 summary 1344:1350 CONCLUSION In summary, we show evidence on the safety and mechanism underlying two new HA-based compounds of different cross-linkage and composition, proposing that they can be safely used in combination in patients seeking facial rejuvenation procedures with long-lasting efficacy. 24962508 4 6 theme elastic 1006:1012 arg1 fibers 1014:1019 elastic fibers 1006:1019 elastic fibers 1006:1019 RESULTS The animal study showed that the two compounds did not induce any significant inflammatory reactions and increased collagen and elastic fibers in the skin. 24962508 1 7 theme hyaluronic 249:258 arg1 HA 266:267 HA 266:267 HA 266:267 BACKGROUND In the field of aesthetic medicine there is an increasing demand for safe and effective hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers to counteract the aging process. 24962508 1 7 theme hyaluronic 249:258 arg1 acid 260:263 hyaluronic acid 249:263 safe and effective hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers 230:276 BACKGROUND In the field of aesthetic medicine there is an increasing demand for safe and effective hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers to counteract the aging process. 24962508 0 8 theme Composition 105:115 arg1 Compounds 64:72 Two Hyaluronic Acid-based Compounds 38:72 Two Hyaluronic Acid-based Compounds of Different Cross-Linkage and Composition 38:115 Experimental and Clinical Efficacy of Two Hyaluronic Acid-based Compounds of Different Cross-Linkage and Composition in the Rejuvenation of the Skin. 24962508 6 9 from evidence 1361:1368 arg1 mechanism 1388:1396 mechanism 1388:1396 mechanism 1388:1396 CONCLUSION In summary, we show evidence on the safety and mechanism underlying two new HA-based compounds of different cross-linkage and composition, proposing that they can be safely used in combination in patients seeking facial rejuvenation procedures with long-lasting efficacy. 24962508 6 9 from evidence 1361:1368 arg1 safety 1377:1382 safety 1377:1382 safety 1377:1382 CONCLUSION In summary, we show evidence on the safety and mechanism underlying two new HA-based compounds of different cross-linkage and composition, proposing that they can be safely used in combination in patients seeking facial rejuvenation procedures with long-lasting efficacy. 24962508 1 10 theme acid 260:263 arg1 fillers 270:276 safe and effective hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers 230:276 safe and effective hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers 230:276 BACKGROUND In the field of aesthetic medicine there is an increasing demand for safe and effective hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers to counteract the aging process. 24962508 2 11 theme product 489:495 arg1 safety 364:369 the safety 360:369 the safety 360:369 METHODS AND AIMS We designed a study to evaluate the safety and histological biocompatibility of Aliaxin® Global Performance, a cross-linked HA filler and Viscoderm® Skinkò E, a product composed of non-cross-linked HA and a complex including vitamins, antioxidants, amino acids and minerals injected into the skin of guinea pigs. 24962508 2 11 theme product 489:495 arg1 biocompatibility 388:403 histological biocompatibility 375:403 histological biocompatibility 375:403 METHODS AND AIMS We designed a study to evaluate the safety and histological biocompatibility of Aliaxin® Global Performance, a cross-linked HA filler and Viscoderm® Skinkò E, a product composed of non-cross-linked HA and a complex including vitamins, antioxidants, amino acids and minerals injected into the skin of guinea pigs. 24962508 5 12 theme Aliaxin® 1072:1079 arg1 Performance 1088:1098 Aliaxin® Global Performance 1072:1098 Aliaxin® Global Performance 1072:1098 In the clinical setting, injection of Aliaxin® Global Performance, followed by Viscoderm® Skinkò E, resulted in a higher improvement in nasolabial fold hydration, trans-epidermal water loss and wrinkle aesthetic appearance, if compared with a protocol based on Aliaxin® Global Performance alone. 24962508 2 13 link non-cross-linked 509:524 arg1 HA 526:527 non-cross-linked HA 509:527 non-cross-linked HA 509:527 METHODS AND AIMS We designed a study to evaluate the safety and histological biocompatibility of Aliaxin® Global Performance, a cross-linked HA filler and Viscoderm® Skinkò E, a product composed of non-cross-linked HA and a complex including vitamins, antioxidants, amino acids and minerals injected into the skin of guinea pigs. 24962508 3 14 theme rejuvenation 777:788 arg1 procedure 790:798 a facial rejuvenation procedure 768:798 a facial rejuvenation procedure targeting moderate-to-severe wrinkles affecting the nasolabial folds 768:867 Then, we translated our findings into the clinical setting, administering a combination of these compounds to patients seeking a facial rejuvenation procedure targeting moderate-to-severe wrinkles affecting the nasolabial folds. 24962508 3 15 theme clinical 683:690 arg1 setting 692:698 the clinical setting 679:698 the clinical setting 679:698 Then, we translated our findings into the clinical setting, administering a combination of these compounds to patients seeking a facial rejuvenation procedure targeting moderate-to-severe wrinkles affecting the nasolabial folds. 24962508 5 16 from improvement 1155:1165 arg1 appearance 1246:1255 wrinkle aesthetic appearance 1228:1255 wrinkle aesthetic appearance 1228:1255 In the clinical setting, injection of Aliaxin® Global Performance, followed by Viscoderm® Skinkò E, resulted in a higher improvement in nasolabial fold hydration, trans-epidermal water loss and wrinkle aesthetic appearance, if compared with a protocol based on Aliaxin® Global Performance alone. 24962508 5 16 from improvement 1155:1165 arg1 hydration 1186:1194 nasolabial fold hydration 1170:1194 nasolabial fold hydration 1170:1194 In the clinical setting, injection of Aliaxin® Global Performance, followed by Viscoderm® Skinkò E, resulted in a higher improvement in nasolabial fold hydration, trans-epidermal water loss and wrinkle aesthetic appearance, if compared with a protocol based on Aliaxin® Global Performance alone. 24962508 5 16 from improvement 1155:1165 arg1 loss 1219:1222 trans-epidermal water loss 1197:1222 trans-epidermal water loss 1197:1222 In the clinical setting, injection of Aliaxin® Global Performance, followed by Viscoderm® Skinkò E, resulted in a higher improvement in nasolabial fold hydration, trans-epidermal water loss and wrinkle aesthetic appearance, if compared with a protocol based on Aliaxin® Global Performance alone. 24962508 1 17 from BACKGROUND 150:159 arg1 field 168:172 the field 164:172 the field of aesthetic medicine 164:194 BACKGROUND In the field of aesthetic medicine there is an increasing demand for safe and effective hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers to counteract the aging process. 24962508 6 18 from combination 1522:1532 arg1 patients 1537:1544 patients 1537:1544 patients seeking facial rejuvenation procedures with long-lasting efficacy 1537:1610 CONCLUSION In summary, we show evidence on the safety and mechanism underlying two new HA-based compounds of different cross-linkage and composition, proposing that they can be safely used in combination in patients seeking facial rejuvenation procedures with long-lasting efficacy. 24962508 6 19 theme composition 1467:1477 arg1 compounds 1426:1434 two new HA-based compounds 1409:1434 two new HA-based compounds of different cross-linkage and composition 1409:1477 CONCLUSION In summary, we show evidence on the safety and mechanism underlying two new HA-based compounds of different cross-linkage and composition, proposing that they can be safely used in combination in patients seeking facial rejuvenation procedures with long-lasting efficacy. 24962508 3 20 theme facial 770:775 arg1 procedure 790:798 a facial rejuvenation procedure 768:798 a facial rejuvenation procedure targeting moderate-to-severe wrinkles affecting the nasolabial folds 768:867 Then, we translated our findings into the clinical setting, administering a combination of these compounds to patients seeking a facial rejuvenation procedure targeting moderate-to-severe wrinkles affecting the nasolabial folds. 24962508 5 21 theme Performance 1088:1098 arg1 injection 1059:1067 injection 1059:1067 injection 1059:1067 In the clinical setting, injection of Aliaxin® Global Performance, followed by Viscoderm® Skinkò E, resulted in a higher improvement in nasolabial fold hydration, trans-epidermal water loss and wrinkle aesthetic appearance, if compared with a protocol based on Aliaxin® Global Performance alone. 24962508 4 22 dep RESULTS 870:876 arg1 showed 895:900 showed 895:900 showed that the two compounds did not induce any significant inflammatory reactions and increased collagen and elastic fibers in the skin 895:1031 RESULTS The animal study showed that the two compounds did not induce any significant inflammatory reactions and increased collagen and elastic fibers in the skin. 24962508 2 23 link cross-linked 439:450 arg1 filler 455:460 a cross-linked HA filler 437:460 a cross-linked HA filler 437:460 METHODS AND AIMS We designed a study to evaluate the safety and histological biocompatibility of Aliaxin® Global Performance, a cross-linked HA filler and Viscoderm® Skinkò E, a product composed of non-cross-linked HA and a complex including vitamins, antioxidants, amino acids and minerals injected into the skin of guinea pigs. 24962508 2 24 theme Performance 424:434 arg1 safety 364:369 the safety 360:369 the safety 360:369 METHODS AND AIMS We designed a study to evaluate the safety and histological biocompatibility of Aliaxin® Global Performance, a cross-linked HA filler and Viscoderm® Skinkò E, a product composed of non-cross-linked HA and a complex including vitamins, antioxidants, amino acids and minerals injected into the skin of guinea pigs. 24962508 2 24 theme Performance 424:434 arg1 biocompatibility 388:403 histological biocompatibility 375:403 histological biocompatibility 375:403 METHODS AND AIMS We designed a study to evaluate the safety and histological biocompatibility of Aliaxin® Global Performance, a cross-linked HA filler and Viscoderm® Skinkò E, a product composed of non-cross-linked HA and a complex including vitamins, antioxidants, amino acids and minerals injected into the skin of guinea pigs. 24962508 6 25 theme HA-based 1417:1424 arg1 compounds 1426:1434 two new HA-based compounds 1409:1434 two new HA-based compounds of different cross-linkage and composition 1409:1477 CONCLUSION In summary, we show evidence on the safety and mechanism underlying two new HA-based compounds of different cross-linkage and composition, proposing that they can be safely used in combination in patients seeking facial rejuvenation procedures with long-lasting efficacy. 24962508 6 26 theme different 1439:1447 arg1 cross-linkage 1449:1461 different cross-linkage 1439:1461 different cross-linkage 1439:1461 CONCLUSION In summary, we show evidence on the safety and mechanism underlying two new HA-based compounds of different cross-linkage and composition, proposing that they can be safely used in combination in patients seeking facial rejuvenation procedures with long-lasting efficacy. 24962508 6 27 with procedures 1574:1583 arg1 efficacy 1603:1610 long-lasting efficacy 1590:1610 long-lasting efficacy 1590:1610 CONCLUSION In summary, we show evidence on the safety and mechanism underlying two new HA-based compounds of different cross-linkage and composition, proposing that they can be safely used in combination in patients seeking facial rejuvenation procedures with long-lasting efficacy. 24962508 2 28 dep METHODS 311:317 arg1 designed 331:338 designed 331:338 designed a study to evaluate the safety and histological biocompatibility of Aliaxin® Global Performance, a cross-linked HA filler and Viscoderm® Skinkò E, a product composed of non-cross-linked HA and a complex including vitamins, antioxidants, amino acids and minerals injected into the skin of guinea pigs 331:638 METHODS AND AIMS We designed a study to evaluate the safety and histological biocompatibility of Aliaxin® Global Performance, a cross-linked HA filler and Viscoderm® Skinkò E, a product composed of non-cross-linked HA and a complex including vitamins, antioxidants, amino acids and minerals injected into the skin of guinea pigs. 24962508 5 29 theme Global 1081:1086 arg1 Performance 1088:1098 Aliaxin® Global Performance 1072:1098 Aliaxin® Global Performance 1072:1098 In the clinical setting, injection of Aliaxin® Global Performance, followed by Viscoderm® Skinkò E, resulted in a higher improvement in nasolabial fold hydration, trans-epidermal water loss and wrinkle aesthetic appearance, if compared with a protocol based on Aliaxin® Global Performance alone. 24962508 1 30 theme aesthetic 177:185 arg1 medicine 187:194 aesthetic medicine 177:194 aesthetic medicine 177:194 BACKGROUND In the field of aesthetic medicine there is an increasing demand for safe and effective hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers to counteract the aging process. 24962508 0 31 theme Experimental 0:11 arg1 Efficacy 26:33 Experimental and Clinical Efficacy 0:33 Experimental and Clinical Efficacy of Two Hyaluronic Acid-based Compounds of Different Cross-Linkage and Composition in the Rejuvenation of the Skin. 0:148 Experimental and Clinical Efficacy of Two Hyaluronic Acid-based Compounds of Different Cross-Linkage and Composition in the Rejuvenation of the Skin. 24962508 5 32 theme nasolabial 1170:1179 arg1 hydration 1186:1194 nasolabial fold hydration 1170:1194 nasolabial fold hydration 1170:1194 In the clinical setting, injection of Aliaxin® Global Performance, followed by Viscoderm® Skinkò E, resulted in a higher improvement in nasolabial fold hydration, trans-epidermal water loss and wrinkle aesthetic appearance, if compared with a protocol based on Aliaxin® Global Performance alone. 24962508 2 33 theme pigs 635:638 arg1 skin 620:623 the skin 616:623 the skin of guinea pigs 616:638 METHODS AND AIMS We designed a study to evaluate the safety and histological biocompatibility of Aliaxin® Global Performance, a cross-linked HA filler and Viscoderm® Skinkò E, a product composed of non-cross-linked HA and a complex including vitamins, antioxidants, amino acids and minerals injected into the skin of guinea pigs. 24962508 6 34 used used 1514:1517 arg2 they 1495:1498 they 1495:1498 they 1495:1498 CONCLUSION In summary, we show evidence on the safety and mechanism underlying two new HA-based compounds of different cross-linkage and composition, proposing that they can be safely used in combination in patients seeking facial rejuvenation procedures with long-lasting efficacy. 24962508 1 35 theme medicine 187:194 arg1 field 168:172 the field 164:172 the field of aesthetic medicine 164:194 BACKGROUND In the field of aesthetic medicine there is an increasing demand for safe and effective hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers to counteract the aging process. 24962508 2 36 theme Global 417:422 arg1 Performance 424:434 Aliaxin® Global Performance 408:434 Aliaxin® Global Performance 408:434 METHODS AND AIMS We designed a study to evaluate the safety and histological biocompatibility of Aliaxin® Global Performance, a cross-linked HA filler and Viscoderm® Skinkò E, a product composed of non-cross-linked HA and a complex including vitamins, antioxidants, amino acids and minerals injected into the skin of guinea pigs. 24962508 5 37 theme higher 1148:1153 arg1 improvement 1155:1165 a higher improvement 1146:1165 a higher improvement in nasolabial fold hydration, trans-epidermal water loss and wrinkle aesthetic appearance 1146:1255 In the clinical setting, injection of Aliaxin® Global Performance, followed by Viscoderm® Skinkò E, resulted in a higher improvement in nasolabial fold hydration, trans-epidermal water loss and wrinkle aesthetic appearance, if compared with a protocol based on Aliaxin® Global Performance alone. 24962508 6 38 dep safety 1377:1382 arg1 the 1373:1375 the 1373:1375 the 1373:1375 CONCLUSION In summary, we show evidence on the safety and mechanism underlying two new HA-based compounds of different cross-linkage and composition, proposing that they can be safely used in combination in patients seeking facial rejuvenation procedures with long-lasting efficacy. 24962508 2 39 theme guinea 628:633 arg1 pigs 635:638 guinea pigs 628:638 guinea pigs 628:638 METHODS AND AIMS We designed a study to evaluate the safety and histological biocompatibility of Aliaxin® Global Performance, a cross-linked HA filler and Viscoderm® Skinkò E, a product composed of non-cross-linked HA and a complex including vitamins, antioxidants, amino acids and minerals injected into the skin of guinea pigs. 24962508 0 40 theme Clinical 17:24 arg1 Efficacy 26:33 Experimental and Clinical Efficacy 0:33 Experimental and Clinical Efficacy of Two Hyaluronic Acid-based Compounds of Different Cross-Linkage and Composition in the Rejuvenation of the Skin. 0:148 Experimental and Clinical Efficacy of Two Hyaluronic Acid-based Compounds of Different Cross-Linkage and Composition in the Rejuvenation of the Skin. 24962508 1 41 dep BACKGROUND 150:159 arg1 is 202:203 is 202:203 is an increasing demand for safe and effective hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers to counteract the aging process 202:308 BACKGROUND In the field of aesthetic medicine there is an increasing demand for safe and effective hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers to counteract the aging process. 24962508 2 42 theme cross-linked 439:450 arg1 filler 455:460 a cross-linked HA filler 437:460 a cross-linked HA filler 437:460 METHODS AND AIMS We designed a study to evaluate the safety and histological biocompatibility of Aliaxin® Global Performance, a cross-linked HA filler and Viscoderm® Skinkò E, a product composed of non-cross-linked HA and a complex including vitamins, antioxidants, amino acids and minerals injected into the skin of guinea pigs. 24962508 2 43 theme filler 455:460 arg1 safety 364:369 the safety 360:369 the safety 360:369 METHODS AND AIMS We designed a study to evaluate the safety and histological biocompatibility of Aliaxin® Global Performance, a cross-linked HA filler and Viscoderm® Skinkò E, a product composed of non-cross-linked HA and a complex including vitamins, antioxidants, amino acids and minerals injected into the skin of guinea pigs. 24962508 2 43 theme filler 455:460 arg1 biocompatibility 388:403 histological biocompatibility 375:403 histological biocompatibility 375:403 METHODS AND AIMS We designed a study to evaluate the safety and histological biocompatibility of Aliaxin® Global Performance, a cross-linked HA filler and Viscoderm® Skinkò E, a product composed of non-cross-linked HA and a complex including vitamins, antioxidants, amino acids and minerals injected into the skin of guinea pigs. 24962508 0 44 theme Skin 144:147 arg1 Rejuvenation 124:135 the Rejuvenation 120:135 the Rejuvenation of the Skin 120:147 Experimental and Clinical Efficacy of Two Hyaluronic Acid-based Compounds of Different Cross-Linkage and Composition in the Rejuvenation of the Skin. 24962508 5 45 theme Aliaxin® 1295:1302 arg1 Performance 1311:1321 Aliaxin® Global Performance 1295:1321 Aliaxin® Global Performance alone 1295:1327 In the clinical setting, injection of Aliaxin® Global Performance, followed by Viscoderm® Skinkò E, resulted in a higher improvement in nasolabial fold hydration, trans-epidermal water loss and wrinkle aesthetic appearance, if compared with a protocol based on Aliaxin® Global Performance alone. 24962508 2 46 theme histological 375:386 arg1 biocompatibility 388:403 histological biocompatibility 375:403 histological biocompatibility 375:403 METHODS AND AIMS We designed a study to evaluate the safety and histological biocompatibility of Aliaxin® Global Performance, a cross-linked HA filler and Viscoderm® Skinkò E, a product composed of non-cross-linked HA and a complex including vitamins, antioxidants, amino acids and minerals injected into the skin of guinea pigs. 24962508 2 47 theme HA 452:453 arg1 filler 455:460 a cross-linked HA filler 437:460 a cross-linked HA filler 437:460 METHODS AND AIMS We designed a study to evaluate the safety and histological biocompatibility of Aliaxin® Global Performance, a cross-linked HA filler and Viscoderm® Skinkò E, a product composed of non-cross-linked HA and a complex including vitamins, antioxidants, amino acids and minerals injected into the skin of guinea pigs. 24962508 5 48 theme fold 1181:1184 arg1 hydration 1186:1194 nasolabial fold hydration 1170:1194 nasolabial fold hydration 1170:1194 In the clinical setting, injection of Aliaxin® Global Performance, followed by Viscoderm® Skinkò E, resulted in a higher improvement in nasolabial fold hydration, trans-epidermal water loss and wrinkle aesthetic appearance, if compared with a protocol based on Aliaxin® Global Performance alone. 24962508 6 49 theme long-lasting 1590:1601 arg1 efficacy 1603:1610 long-lasting efficacy 1590:1610 long-lasting efficacy 1590:1610 CONCLUSION In summary, we show evidence on the safety and mechanism underlying two new HA-based compounds of different cross-linkage and composition, proposing that they can be safely used in combination in patients seeking facial rejuvenation procedures with long-lasting efficacy. 24962508 1 50 theme increasing 208:217 arg1 demand 219:224 an increasing demand 205:224 an increasing demand for safe and effective hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers to counteract the aging process 205:308 BACKGROUND In the field of aesthetic medicine there is an increasing demand for safe and effective hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers to counteract the aging process. 24962508 0 51 theme Acid-based 53:62 arg1 Compounds 64:72 Two Hyaluronic Acid-based Compounds 38:72 Two Hyaluronic Acid-based Compounds of Different Cross-Linkage and Composition 38:115 Experimental and Clinical Efficacy of Two Hyaluronic Acid-based Compounds of Different Cross-Linkage and Composition in the Rejuvenation of the Skin. 24962508 3 52 theme compounds 738:746 arg1 combination 717:727 a combination 715:727 a combination of these compounds 715:746 Then, we translated our findings into the clinical setting, administering a combination of these compounds to patients seeking a facial rejuvenation procedure targeting moderate-to-severe wrinkles affecting the nasolabial folds. 24962508 4 53 theme animal 882:887 arg1 study 889:893 The animal study 878:893 The animal study 878:893 RESULTS The animal study showed that the two compounds did not induce any significant inflammatory reactions and increased collagen and elastic fibers in the skin. 24962508 4 54 theme significant 944:954 arg1 reactions 969:977 any significant inflammatory reactions 940:977 any significant inflammatory reactions 940:977 RESULTS The animal study showed that the two compounds did not induce any significant inflammatory reactions and increased collagen and elastic fibers in the skin. 24962508 6 55 theme new 1413:1415 arg1 compounds 1426:1434 two new HA-based compounds 1409:1434 two new HA-based compounds of different cross-linkage and composition 1409:1477 CONCLUSION In summary, we show evidence on the safety and mechanism underlying two new HA-based compounds of different cross-linkage and composition, proposing that they can be safely used in combination in patients seeking facial rejuvenation procedures with long-lasting efficacy. 24962508 0 56 theme Hyaluronic 42:51 arg1 Compounds 64:72 Two Hyaluronic Acid-based Compounds 38:72 Two Hyaluronic Acid-based Compounds of Different Cross-Linkage and Composition 38:115 Experimental and Clinical Efficacy of Two Hyaluronic Acid-based Compounds of Different Cross-Linkage and Composition in the Rejuvenation of the Skin. 24962508 1 57 theme aging 296:300 arg1 process 302:308 the aging process 292:308 the aging process 292:308 BACKGROUND In the field of aesthetic medicine there is an increasing demand for safe and effective hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers to counteract the aging process. 24962508 5 58 theme Global 1304:1309 arg1 Performance 1311:1321 Aliaxin® Global Performance 1295:1321 Aliaxin® Global Performance alone 1295:1327 In the clinical setting, injection of Aliaxin® Global Performance, followed by Viscoderm® Skinkò E, resulted in a higher improvement in nasolabial fold hydration, trans-epidermal water loss and wrinkle aesthetic appearance, if compared with a protocol based on Aliaxin® Global Performance alone. 24962508 2 59 theme complex 535:541 arg1 safety 364:369 the safety 360:369 the safety 360:369 METHODS AND AIMS We designed a study to evaluate the safety and histological biocompatibility of Aliaxin® Global Performance, a cross-linked HA filler and Viscoderm® Skinkò E, a product composed of non-cross-linked HA and a complex including vitamins, antioxidants, amino acids and minerals injected into the skin of guinea pigs. 24962508 2 59 theme complex 535:541 arg1 biocompatibility 388:403 histological biocompatibility 375:403 histological biocompatibility 375:403 METHODS AND AIMS We designed a study to evaluate the safety and histological biocompatibility of Aliaxin® Global Performance, a cross-linked HA filler and Viscoderm® Skinkò E, a product composed of non-cross-linked HA and a complex including vitamins, antioxidants, amino acids and minerals injected into the skin of guinea pigs. 24962508 3 60 dep nasolabial 852:861 arg1 folds 863:867 folds 863:867 folds 863:867 Then, we translated our findings into the clinical setting, administering a combination of these compounds to patients seeking a facial rejuvenation procedure targeting moderate-to-severe wrinkles affecting the nasolabial folds. 24962508 6 61 theme rejuvenation 1561:1572 arg1 procedures 1574:1583 facial rejuvenation procedures 1554:1583 facial rejuvenation procedures with long-lasting efficacy 1554:1610 CONCLUSION In summary, we show evidence on the safety and mechanism underlying two new HA-based compounds of different cross-linkage and composition, proposing that they can be safely used in combination in patients seeking facial rejuvenation procedures with long-lasting efficacy. 24962508 5 62 theme trans-epidermal 1197:1211 arg1 loss 1219:1222 trans-epidermal water loss 1197:1222 trans-epidermal water loss 1197:1222 In the clinical setting, injection of Aliaxin® Global Performance, followed by Viscoderm® Skinkò E, resulted in a higher improvement in nasolabial fold hydration, trans-epidermal water loss and wrinkle aesthetic appearance, if compared with a protocol based on Aliaxin® Global Performance alone. 24962508 6 63 theme facial 1554:1559 arg1 procedures 1574:1583 facial rejuvenation procedures 1554:1583 facial rejuvenation procedures with long-lasting efficacy 1554:1610 CONCLUSION In summary, we show evidence on the safety and mechanism underlying two new HA-based compounds of different cross-linkage and composition, proposing that they can be safely used in combination in patients seeking facial rejuvenation procedures with long-lasting efficacy. 24962508 3 64 theme moderate-to-severe 810:827 arg1 wrinkles 829:836 moderate-to-severe wrinkles 810:836 moderate-to-severe wrinkles affecting the nasolabial folds 810:867 Then, we translated our findings into the clinical setting, administering a combination of these compounds to patients seeking a facial rejuvenation procedure targeting moderate-to-severe wrinkles affecting the nasolabial folds. 24962508 5 65 theme water 1213:1217 arg1 loss 1219:1222 trans-epidermal water loss 1197:1222 trans-epidermal water loss 1197:1222 In the clinical setting, injection of Aliaxin® Global Performance, followed by Viscoderm® Skinkò E, resulted in a higher improvement in nasolabial fold hydration, trans-epidermal water loss and wrinkle aesthetic appearance, if compared with a protocol based on Aliaxin® Global Performance alone. 24962508 4 66 theme inflammatory 956:967 arg1 reactions 969:977 any significant inflammatory reactions 940:977 any significant inflammatory reactions 940:977 RESULTS The animal study showed that the two compounds did not induce any significant inflammatory reactions and increased collagen and elastic fibers in the skin. 24962508 5 67 theme clinical 1041:1048 arg1 setting 1050:1056 the clinical setting 1037:1056 the clinical setting 1037:1056 In the clinical setting, injection of Aliaxin® Global Performance, followed by Viscoderm® Skinkò E, resulted in a higher improvement in nasolabial fold hydration, trans-epidermal water loss and wrinkle aesthetic appearance, if compared with a protocol based on Aliaxin® Global Performance alone. 24962508 6 68 theme cross-linkage 1449:1461 arg1 compounds 1426:1434 two new HA-based compounds 1409:1434 two new HA-based compounds of different cross-linkage and composition 1409:1477 CONCLUSION In summary, we show evidence on the safety and mechanism underlying two new HA-based compounds of different cross-linkage and composition, proposing that they can be safely used in combination in patients seeking facial rejuvenation procedures with long-lasting efficacy. 24962508 1 69 theme safe 230:233 arg1 fillers 270:276 safe and effective hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers 230:276 safe and effective hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers 230:276 BACKGROUND In the field of aesthetic medicine there is an increasing demand for safe and effective hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers to counteract the aging process. 24962508 0 70 theme Compounds 64:72 arg1 Efficacy 26:33 Experimental and Clinical Efficacy 0:33 Experimental and Clinical Efficacy of Two Hyaluronic Acid-based Compounds of Different Cross-Linkage and Composition in the Rejuvenation of the Skin. 0:148 Experimental and Clinical Efficacy of Two Hyaluronic Acid-based Compounds of Different Cross-Linkage and Composition in the Rejuvenation of the Skin. 24962508 0 71 from Efficacy 26:33 arg1 Rejuvenation 124:135 the Rejuvenation 120:135 the Rejuvenation of the Skin 120:147 Experimental and Clinical Efficacy of Two Hyaluronic Acid-based Compounds of Different Cross-Linkage and Composition in the Rejuvenation of the Skin. 24962508 2 72 theme Aliaxin® 408:415 arg1 Performance 424:434 Aliaxin® Global Performance 408:434 Aliaxin® Global Performance 408:434 METHODS AND AIMS We designed a study to evaluate the safety and histological biocompatibility of Aliaxin® Global Performance, a cross-linked HA filler and Viscoderm® Skinkò E, a product composed of non-cross-linked HA and a complex including vitamins, antioxidants, amino acids and minerals injected into the skin of guinea pigs. 24962508 5 73 theme wrinkle 1228:1234 arg1 appearance 1246:1255 wrinkle aesthetic appearance 1228:1255 wrinkle aesthetic appearance 1228:1255 In the clinical setting, injection of Aliaxin® Global Performance, followed by Viscoderm® Skinkò E, resulted in a higher improvement in nasolabial fold hydration, trans-epidermal water loss and wrinkle aesthetic appearance, if compared with a protocol based on Aliaxin® Global Performance alone. 24962508 2 74 theme non-cross-linked 509:524 arg1 HA 526:527 non-cross-linked HA 509:527 non-cross-linked HA 509:527 METHODS AND AIMS We designed a study to evaluate the safety and histological biocompatibility of Aliaxin® Global Performance, a cross-linked HA filler and Viscoderm® Skinkò E, a product composed of non-cross-linked HA and a complex including vitamins, antioxidants, amino acids and minerals injected into the skin of guinea pigs. 24803515 4 0 theme MG1363 834:839 arg1 CWPS 805:808 the previously established CWPS 778:808 the previously established CWPS of subtype C1 L. lactis MG1363 778:839 In this study, we purified an acidic polysaccharide from the cell wall of L. lactis 3107 (subtype C2) and confirmed that it is structurally different from the previously established CWPS of subtype C1 L. lactis MG1363. 24803515 1 1 theme region 362:367 arg1 presence 339:346 the presence 335:346 the presence of a variable region among the strains examined 335:394 ABSTRACT Analysis of the genetic locus encompassing a cell wall polysaccharide (CWPS) biosynthesis operon of eight strains of Lactococcus lactis, identified as belonging to the same CWPS type C genotype, revealed the presence of a variable region among the strains examined. 24803515 7 2 theme that 1272:1275 arg1 characteristic 1254:1267 characteristic 1254:1267 characteristic 1254:1267 The resulting recombinant mutant synthesized a polysaccharide with a composition characteristic of that of subtype C2 L. lactis 3107 and not wild-type C1 L. lactis NZ9000. 24803515 9 3 theme 80 years 1676:1683 arg1 IMPORTANCE 1635:1644 IMPORTANCE 1635:1644 IMPORTANCE Despite the efforts of nearly 80 years of lactococcal phage research, the precise nature of the cell surface receptors of the P335 and 936 phage group receptors 1635:1805 IMPORTANCE Despite the efforts of nearly 80 years of lactococcal phage research, the precise nature of the cell surface receptors of the P335 and 936 phage group receptors has remained elusive. 24803515 10 4 theme host 1943:1946 arg1 recognition 1948:1958 host recognition 1943:1958 host recognition by phages of the 936 group 1943:1985 This work demonstrates the molecular nature of a P335 group receptor while bolstering the evidence of its role in host recognition by phages of the 936 group and at least partially explains why such phages have a very narrow host range. 24803515 9 5 theme lactococcal 1688:1698 arg1 research 1706:1713 lactococcal phage research 1688:1713 lactococcal phage research 1688:1713 IMPORTANCE Despite the efforts of nearly 80 years of lactococcal phage research, the precise nature of the cell surface receptors of the P335 and 936 phage group receptors has remained elusive. 24803515 10 6 theme role 1935:1938 arg1 evidence 1919:1926 the evidence 1915:1926 the evidence of its role in host recognition by phages of the 936 group 1915:1985 This work demonstrates the molecular nature of a P335 group receptor while bolstering the evidence of its role in host recognition by phages of the 936 group and at least partially explains why such phages have a very narrow host range. 24803515 6 7 from region 1059:1064 arg1 genes 1035:1039 genes 1035:1039 genes from the variable region of subtype C2 1035:1078 Combinations of genes from the variable region of subtype C2 were introduced into a mutant of subtype C1 L. lactis NZ9000 deficient in CWPS biosynthesis. 24803515 6 7 from region 1059:1064 arg1 Combinations 1019:1030 Combinations 1019:1030 Combinations of genes from the variable region of subtype C2 1019:1078 Combinations of genes from the variable region of subtype C2 were introduced into a mutant of subtype C1 L. lactis NZ9000 deficient in CWPS biosynthesis. 24803515 1 8 theme polysaccharide 186:199 arg1 CWPS 202:205 CWPS 202:205 CWPS 202:205 ABSTRACT Analysis of the genetic locus encompassing a cell wall polysaccharide (CWPS) biosynthesis operon of eight strains of Lactococcus lactis, identified as belonging to the same CWPS type C genotype, revealed the presence of a variable region among the strains examined. 24803515 1 8 theme polysaccharide 186:199 arg1 operon 221:226 a cell wall polysaccharide (CWPS) biosynthesis operon 174:226 a cell wall polysaccharide (CWPS) biosynthesis operon of eight strains of Lactococcus lactis 174:265 ABSTRACT Analysis of the genetic locus encompassing a cell wall polysaccharide (CWPS) biosynthesis operon of eight strains of Lactococcus lactis, identified as belonging to the same CWPS type C genotype, revealed the presence of a variable region among the strains examined. 24803515 4 9 theme C1 821:822 arg1 MG1363 834:839 subtype C1 L. lactis MG1363 813:839 subtype C1 L. lactis MG1363 813:839 In this study, we purified an acidic polysaccharide from the cell wall of L. lactis 3107 (subtype C2) and confirmed that it is structurally different from the previously established CWPS of subtype C1 L. lactis MG1363. 24803515 6 10 theme CWPS 1154:1157 arg1 biosynthesis 1159:1170 CWPS biosynthesis 1154:1170 CWPS biosynthesis 1154:1170 Combinations of genes from the variable region of subtype C2 were introduced into a mutant of subtype C1 L. lactis NZ9000 deficient in CWPS biosynthesis. 24803515 1 11 theme biosynthesis 208:219 arg1 CWPS 202:205 CWPS 202:205 CWPS 202:205 ABSTRACT Analysis of the genetic locus encompassing a cell wall polysaccharide (CWPS) biosynthesis operon of eight strains of Lactococcus lactis, identified as belonging to the same CWPS type C genotype, revealed the presence of a variable region among the strains examined. 24803515 1 11 theme biosynthesis 208:219 arg1 operon 221:226 a cell wall polysaccharide (CWPS) biosynthesis operon 174:226 a cell wall polysaccharide (CWPS) biosynthesis operon of eight strains of Lactococcus lactis 174:265 ABSTRACT Analysis of the genetic locus encompassing a cell wall polysaccharide (CWPS) biosynthesis operon of eight strains of Lactococcus lactis, identified as belonging to the same CWPS type C genotype, revealed the presence of a variable region among the strains examined. 24803515 10 12 from role 1935:1938 arg1 recognition 1948:1958 host recognition 1943:1958 host recognition by phages of the 936 group 1943:1985 This work demonstrates the molecular nature of a P335 group receptor while bolstering the evidence of its role in host recognition by phages of the 936 group and at least partially explains why such phages have a very narrow host range. 24803515 9 13 theme nature 1728:1733 arg1 IMPORTANCE 1635:1644 IMPORTANCE 1635:1644 IMPORTANCE Despite the efforts of nearly 80 years of lactococcal phage research, the precise nature of the cell surface receptors of the P335 and 936 phage group receptors 1635:1805 IMPORTANCE Despite the efforts of nearly 80 years of lactococcal phage research, the precise nature of the cell surface receptors of the P335 and 936 phage group receptors has remained elusive. 24803515 0 14 from factors 84:90 arg1 sensitivity 109:119 bacteriophage sensitivity 95:119 bacteriophage sensitivity 95:119 Differences in lactococcal cell wall polysaccharide structure are major determining factors in bacteriophage sensitivity. 24803515 3 15 theme sequence 582:589 arg1 homology 591:598 low or no sequence homology 572:598 low or no sequence homology between the subgroups 572:620 This variable region contains genes encoding glycosyltransferases that display low or no sequence homology between the subgroups. 24803515 8 16 theme tested 1479:1484 arg1 bacteriophages 1486:1499 tested bacteriophages 1479:1499 tested bacteriophages of both the P335 and 936 groups 1479:1531 By challenging the recombinant mutant with various lactococcal phages, we demonstrated that CWPS is the host cell surface receptor of tested bacteriophages of both the P335 and 936 groups and that differences between the CWPS structures play a crucial role in determining phage host range. 24803515 7 17 with polysaccharide 1220:1233 arg1 composition 1242:1252 a composition 1240:1252 a composition characteristic of that of subtype C2 L. lactis 3107 and not wild-type C1 L. lactis NZ9000 1240:1342 The resulting recombinant mutant synthesized a polysaccharide with a composition characteristic of that of subtype C2 L. lactis 3107 and not wild-type C1 L. lactis NZ9000. 24803515 10 18 theme 936 1977:1979 arg1 group 1981:1985 the 936 group 1973:1985 the 936 group 1973:1985 This work demonstrates the molecular nature of a P335 group receptor while bolstering the evidence of its role in host recognition by phages of the 936 group and at least partially explains why such phages have a very narrow host range. 24803515 3 19 theme or 576:577 arg1 homology 591:598 low or no sequence homology 572:598 low or no sequence homology between the subgroups 572:620 This variable region contains genes encoding glycosyltransferases that display low or no sequence homology between the subgroups. 24803515 9 20 theme surface 1747:1753 arg1 receptors 1755:1763 the cell surface receptors 1738:1763 the cell surface receptors of the P335 1738:1775 IMPORTANCE Despite the efforts of nearly 80 years of lactococcal phage research, the precise nature of the cell surface receptors of the P335 and 936 phage group receptors has remained elusive. 24803515 4 21 theme L. lactis 697:705 arg1 wall 689:692 the cell wall 680:692 the cell wall of L. lactis 3107 (subtype C2) 680:723 In this study, we purified an acidic polysaccharide from the cell wall of L. lactis 3107 (subtype C2) and confirmed that it is structurally different from the previously established CWPS of subtype C1 L. lactis MG1363. 24803515 5 22 theme pentasaccharide 884:898 arg1 units 910:914 pentasaccharide repeating units 884:914 pentasaccharide repeating units linked by phosphodiester bonds with the structure 6-α-Glc-3-β-Galf-3-β-GlcNAc-2-β-Galf-6-α-GlcNAc-1-P 884:1016 The CWPS of L. lactis 3107 is composed of pentasaccharide repeating units linked by phosphodiester bonds with the structure 6-α-Glc-3-β-Galf-3-β-GlcNAc-2-β-Galf-6-α-GlcNAc-1-P. 24803515 8 23 with mutant 1376:1381 arg1 phages 1408:1413 various lactococcal phages 1388:1413 various lactococcal phages 1388:1413 By challenging the recombinant mutant with various lactococcal phages, we demonstrated that CWPS is the host cell surface receptor of tested bacteriophages of both the P335 and 936 groups and that differences between the CWPS structures play a crucial role in determining phage host range. 24803515 0 24 theme major 66:70 arg1 factors 84:90 major determining factors 66:90 major determining factors in bacteriophage sensitivity 66:119 Differences in lactococcal cell wall polysaccharide structure are major determining factors in bacteriophage sensitivity. 24803515 0 24 theme major 66:70 arg1 Differences 0:10 Differences 0:10 Differences in lactococcal cell wall polysaccharide structure 0:60 Differences in lactococcal cell wall polysaccharide structure are major determining factors in bacteriophage sensitivity. 24803515 7 25 theme resulting 1177:1185 arg1 mutant 1199:1204 The resulting recombinant mutant 1173:1204 The resulting recombinant mutant 1173:1204 The resulting recombinant mutant synthesized a polysaccharide with a composition characteristic of that of subtype C2 L. lactis 3107 and not wild-type C1 L. lactis NZ9000. 24803515 9 26 theme P335 1772:1775 arg1 receptors 1755:1763 the cell surface receptors 1738:1763 the cell surface receptors of the P335 1738:1775 IMPORTANCE Despite the efforts of nearly 80 years of lactococcal phage research, the precise nature of the cell surface receptors of the P335 and 936 phage group receptors has remained elusive. 24803515 10 27 from recognition 1948:1958 arg1 evidence 1919:1926 the evidence 1915:1926 the evidence of its role in host recognition by phages of the 936 group 1915:1985 This work demonstrates the molecular nature of a P335 group receptor while bolstering the evidence of its role in host recognition by phages of the 936 group and at least partially explains why such phages have a very narrow host range. 24803515 1 28 theme cell 176:179 arg1 CWPS 202:205 CWPS 202:205 CWPS 202:205 ABSTRACT Analysis of the genetic locus encompassing a cell wall polysaccharide (CWPS) biosynthesis operon of eight strains of Lactococcus lactis, identified as belonging to the same CWPS type C genotype, revealed the presence of a variable region among the strains examined. 24803515 1 28 theme cell 176:179 arg1 operon 221:226 a cell wall polysaccharide (CWPS) biosynthesis operon 174:226 a cell wall polysaccharide (CWPS) biosynthesis operon of eight strains of Lactococcus lactis 174:265 ABSTRACT Analysis of the genetic locus encompassing a cell wall polysaccharide (CWPS) biosynthesis operon of eight strains of Lactococcus lactis, identified as belonging to the same CWPS type C genotype, revealed the presence of a variable region among the strains examined. 24803515 11 29 theme bacterial 2242:2250 arg1 host 2252:2255 their bacterial host 2236:2255 their bacterial host 2236:2255 The information generated will be instrumental in understanding the molecular mechanisms of how phages recognize specific saccharidic receptors located on the surface of their bacterial host. 24803515 8 30 theme groups 1526:1531 arg1 bacteriophages 1486:1499 tested bacteriophages 1479:1499 tested bacteriophages of both the P335 and 936 groups 1479:1531 By challenging the recombinant mutant with various lactococcal phages, we demonstrated that CWPS is the host cell surface receptor of tested bacteriophages of both the P335 and 936 groups and that differences between the CWPS structures play a crucial role in determining phage host range. 24803515 10 31 theme such 2023:2026 arg1 phages 2028:2033 such phages 2023:2033 such phages 2023:2033 This work demonstrates the molecular nature of a P335 group receptor while bolstering the evidence of its role in host recognition by phages of the 936 group and at least partially explains why such phages have a very narrow host range. 24803515 0 32 theme bacteriophage 95:107 arg1 sensitivity 109:119 bacteriophage sensitivity 95:119 bacteriophage sensitivity 95:119 Differences in lactococcal cell wall polysaccharide structure are major determining factors in bacteriophage sensitivity. 24803515 1 33 theme genetic 147:153 arg1 locus 155:159 the genetic locus 143:159 the genetic locus encompassing a cell wall polysaccharide (CWPS) biosynthesis operon of eight strains of Lactococcus lactis 143:265 ABSTRACT Analysis of the genetic locus encompassing a cell wall polysaccharide (CWPS) biosynthesis operon of eight strains of Lactococcus lactis, identified as belonging to the same CWPS type C genotype, revealed the presence of a variable region among the strains examined. 24803515 9 34 theme group 1791:1795 arg1 receptors 1797:1805 936 phage group receptors 1781:1805 936 phage group receptors 1781:1805 IMPORTANCE Despite the efforts of nearly 80 years of lactococcal phage research, the precise nature of the cell surface receptors of the P335 and 936 phage group receptors has remained elusive. 24803515 8 35 theme various 1388:1394 arg1 phages 1408:1413 various lactococcal phages 1388:1413 various lactococcal phages 1388:1413 By challenging the recombinant mutant with various lactococcal phages, we demonstrated that CWPS is the host cell surface receptor of tested bacteriophages of both the P335 and 936 groups and that differences between the CWPS structures play a crucial role in determining phage host range. 24803515 1 36 theme variable 353:360 arg1 region 362:367 a variable region 351:367 a variable region 351:367 ABSTRACT Analysis of the genetic locus encompassing a cell wall polysaccharide (CWPS) biosynthesis operon of eight strains of Lactococcus lactis, identified as belonging to the same CWPS type C genotype, revealed the presence of a variable region among the strains examined. 24803515 11 37 theme saccharidic 2188:2198 arg1 receptors 2200:2208 specific saccharidic receptors 2179:2208 specific saccharidic receptors located on the surface of their bacterial host 2179:2255 The information generated will be instrumental in understanding the molecular mechanisms of how phages recognize specific saccharidic receptors located on the surface of their bacterial host. 24803515 6 38 from Combinations 1019:1030 arg1 region 1059:1064 the variable region 1046:1064 the variable region of subtype C2 1046:1078 Combinations of genes from the variable region of subtype C2 were introduced into a mutant of subtype C1 L. lactis NZ9000 deficient in CWPS biosynthesis. 24803515 0 39 theme determining 72:82 arg1 factors 84:90 major determining factors 66:90 major determining factors in bacteriophage sensitivity 66:119 Differences in lactococcal cell wall polysaccharide structure are major determining factors in bacteriophage sensitivity. 24803515 0 39 theme determining 72:82 arg1 Differences 0:10 Differences 0:10 Differences in lactococcal cell wall polysaccharide structure 0:60 Differences in lactococcal cell wall polysaccharide structure are major determining factors in bacteriophage sensitivity. 24803515 9 40 theme research 1706:1713 arg1 80 years 1676:1683 nearly 80 years 1669:1683 nearly 80 years of lactococcal phage research 1669:1713 IMPORTANCE Despite the efforts of nearly 80 years of lactococcal phage research, the precise nature of the cell surface receptors of the P335 and 936 phage group receptors has remained elusive. 24803515 9 40 theme research 1706:1713 arg1 nature 1728:1733 the precise nature 1716:1733 the precise nature of the cell surface receptors of the P335 1716:1775 IMPORTANCE Despite the efforts of nearly 80 years of lactococcal phage research, the precise nature of the cell surface receptors of the P335 and 936 phage group receptors has remained elusive. 24803515 9 40 theme research 1706:1713 arg1 receptors 1797:1805 936 phage group receptors 1781:1805 936 phage group receptors 1781:1805 IMPORTANCE Despite the efforts of nearly 80 years of lactococcal phage research, the precise nature of the cell surface receptors of the P335 and 936 phage group receptors has remained elusive. 24803515 6 41 theme C2 1077:1078 arg1 region 1059:1064 the variable region 1046:1064 the variable region of subtype C2 1046:1078 Combinations of genes from the variable region of subtype C2 were introduced into a mutant of subtype C1 L. lactis NZ9000 deficient in CWPS biosynthesis. 24803515 8 42 theme CWPS 1566:1569 arg1 structures 1571:1580 the CWPS structures 1562:1580 the CWPS structures 1562:1580 By challenging the recombinant mutant with various lactococcal phages, we demonstrated that CWPS is the host cell surface receptor of tested bacteriophages of both the P335 and 936 groups and that differences between the CWPS structures play a crucial role in determining phage host range. 24803515 10 43 contain have 2035:2038 arg1 phages 2028:2033 such phages 2023:2033 such phages 2023:2033 This work demonstrates the molecular nature of a P335 group receptor while bolstering the evidence of its role in host recognition by phages of the 936 group and at least partially explains why such phages have a very narrow host range. 24803515 10 43 contain have 2035:2038 arg2 range 2059:2063 a very narrow host range 2040:2063 a very narrow host range 2040:2063 This work demonstrates the molecular nature of a P335 group receptor while bolstering the evidence of its role in host recognition by phages of the 936 group and at least partially explains why such phages have a very narrow host range. 24803515 0 44 theme lactococcal 15:25 arg1 structure 52:60 lactococcal cell wall polysaccharide structure 15:60 lactococcal cell wall polysaccharide structure 15:60 Differences in lactococcal cell wall polysaccharide structure are major determining factors in bacteriophage sensitivity. 24803515 1 45 theme ABSTRACT 122:129 arg1 Analysis 131:138 ABSTRACT Analysis 122:138 ABSTRACT Analysis 122:138 ABSTRACT Analysis of the genetic locus encompassing a cell wall polysaccharide (CWPS) biosynthesis operon of eight strains of Lactococcus lactis, identified as belonging to the same CWPS type C genotype, revealed the presence of a variable region among the strains examined. 24803515 2 46 theme C 461:461 arg1 type 463:466 the C type 457:466 the C type named subtypes C1 to C5 457:490 The results allowed the identification of five subgroups of the C type named subtypes C1 to C5. 24803515 6 47 from biosynthesis 1159:1170 arg1 deficient 1141:1149 deficient 1141:1149 deficient 1141:1149 Combinations of genes from the variable region of subtype C2 were introduced into a mutant of subtype C1 L. lactis NZ9000 deficient in CWPS biosynthesis. 24803515 0 48 theme wall 32:35 arg1 structure 52:60 lactococcal cell wall polysaccharide structure 15:60 lactococcal cell wall polysaccharide structure 15:60 Differences in lactococcal cell wall polysaccharide structure are major determining factors in bacteriophage sensitivity. 24803515 1 49 theme CWPS 304:307 arg1 genotype 316:323 the same CWPS type C genotype 295:323 the same CWPS type C genotype 295:323 ABSTRACT Analysis of the genetic locus encompassing a cell wall polysaccharide (CWPS) biosynthesis operon of eight strains of Lactococcus lactis, identified as belonging to the same CWPS type C genotype, revealed the presence of a variable region among the strains examined. 24803515 6 50 theme variable 1050:1057 arg1 region 1059:1064 the variable region 1046:1064 the variable region of subtype C2 1046:1078 Combinations of genes from the variable region of subtype C2 were introduced into a mutant of subtype C1 L. lactis NZ9000 deficient in CWPS biosynthesis. 24803515 8 51 theme crucial 1589:1595 arg1 role 1597:1600 a crucial role 1587:1600 a crucial role 1587:1600 By challenging the recombinant mutant with various lactococcal phages, we demonstrated that CWPS is the host cell surface receptor of tested bacteriophages of both the P335 and 936 groups and that differences between the CWPS structures play a crucial role in determining phage host range. 24803515 10 52 theme molecular 1856:1864 arg1 nature 1866:1871 the molecular nature 1852:1871 the molecular nature of a P335 group receptor 1852:1896 This work demonstrates the molecular nature of a P335 group receptor while bolstering the evidence of its role in host recognition by phages of the 936 group and at least partially explains why such phages have a very narrow host range. 24803515 4 53 theme established 793:803 arg1 CWPS 805:808 the previously established CWPS 778:808 the previously established CWPS of subtype C1 L. lactis MG1363 778:839 In this study, we purified an acidic polysaccharide from the cell wall of L. lactis 3107 (subtype C2) and confirmed that it is structurally different from the previously established CWPS of subtype C1 L. lactis MG1363. 24803515 1 54 theme C 314:314 arg1 genotype 316:323 the same CWPS type C genotype 295:323 the same CWPS type C genotype 295:323 ABSTRACT Analysis of the genetic locus encompassing a cell wall polysaccharide (CWPS) biosynthesis operon of eight strains of Lactococcus lactis, identified as belonging to the same CWPS type C genotype, revealed the presence of a variable region among the strains examined. 24803515 11 55 theme molecular 2134:2142 arg1 mechanisms 2144:2153 the molecular mechanisms 2130:2153 the molecular mechanisms of how phages recognize specific saccharidic receptors located on the surface of their bacterial host 2130:2255 The information generated will be instrumental in understanding the molecular mechanisms of how phages recognize specific saccharidic receptors located on the surface of their bacterial host. 24803515 10 56 theme host 2054:2057 arg1 range 2059:2063 a very narrow host range 2040:2063 a very narrow host range 2040:2063 This work demonstrates the molecular nature of a P335 group receptor while bolstering the evidence of its role in host recognition by phages of the 936 group and at least partially explains why such phages have a very narrow host range. 24803515 3 57 contain contains 514:521 arg2 genes 523:527 genes 523:527 genes encoding glycosyltransferases that display low or no sequence homology between the subgroups 523:620 This variable region contains genes encoding glycosyltransferases that display low or no sequence homology between the subgroups. 24803515 3 57 contain contains 514:521 arg1 region 507:512 This variable region 493:512 This variable region 493:512 This variable region contains genes encoding glycosyltransferases that display low or no sequence homology between the subgroups. 24803515 10 58 theme receptor 1889:1896 arg1 nature 1866:1871 the molecular nature 1852:1871 the molecular nature of a P335 group receptor 1852:1896 This work demonstrates the molecular nature of a P335 group receptor while bolstering the evidence of its role in host recognition by phages of the 936 group and at least partially explains why such phages have a very narrow host range. 24803515 8 59 theme host 1449:1452 arg1 CWPS 1437:1440 CWPS 1437:1440 CWPS 1437:1440 By challenging the recombinant mutant with various lactococcal phages, we demonstrated that CWPS is the host cell surface receptor of tested bacteriophages of both the P335 and 936 groups and that differences between the CWPS structures play a crucial role in determining phage host range. 24803515 8 59 theme host 1449:1452 arg1 receptor 1467:1474 the host cell surface receptor 1445:1474 the host cell surface receptor of tested bacteriophages of both the P335 and 936 groups 1445:1531 By challenging the recombinant mutant with various lactococcal phages, we demonstrated that CWPS is the host cell surface receptor of tested bacteriophages of both the P335 and 936 groups and that differences between the CWPS structures play a crucial role in determining phage host range. 24803515 6 60 theme C1 1121:1122 arg1 L. lactis 1124:1132 subtype C1 L. lactis NZ9000 1113:1139 subtype C1 L. lactis NZ9000 1113:1139 Combinations of genes from the variable region of subtype C2 were introduced into a mutant of subtype C1 L. lactis NZ9000 deficient in CWPS biosynthesis. 24803515 8 61 theme phage 1617:1621 arg1 range 1628:1632 phage host range 1617:1632 phage host range 1617:1632 By challenging the recombinant mutant with various lactococcal phages, we demonstrated that CWPS is the host cell surface receptor of tested bacteriophages of both the P335 and 936 groups and that differences between the CWPS structures play a crucial role in determining phage host range. 24803515 7 62 theme C1 1324:1325 arg1 L. lactis 1327:1335 wild-type C1 L. lactis NZ9000 1314:1342 subtype C2 L. lactis 3107 and not wild-type C1 L. lactis NZ9000 1280:1342 The resulting recombinant mutant synthesized a polysaccharide with a composition characteristic of that of subtype C2 L. lactis 3107 and not wild-type C1 L. lactis NZ9000. 24803515 8 63 theme surface 1459:1465 arg1 CWPS 1437:1440 CWPS 1437:1440 CWPS 1437:1440 By challenging the recombinant mutant with various lactococcal phages, we demonstrated that CWPS is the host cell surface receptor of tested bacteriophages of both the P335 and 936 groups and that differences between the CWPS structures play a crucial role in determining phage host range. 24803515 8 63 theme surface 1459:1465 arg1 receptor 1467:1474 the host cell surface receptor 1445:1474 the host cell surface receptor of tested bacteriophages of both the P335 and 936 groups 1445:1531 By challenging the recombinant mutant with various lactococcal phages, we demonstrated that CWPS is the host cell surface receptor of tested bacteriophages of both the P335 and 936 groups and that differences between the CWPS structures play a crucial role in determining phage host range. 24803515 7 64 theme C2 1288:1289 arg1 L. lactis 1291:1299 subtype C2 L. lactis 3107 1280:1304 subtype C2 L. lactis 3107 and not wild-type C1 L. lactis NZ9000 1280:1342 The resulting recombinant mutant synthesized a polysaccharide with a composition characteristic of that of subtype C2 L. lactis 3107 and not wild-type C1 L. lactis NZ9000. 24803515 11 65 theme located 2210:2216 arg1 receptors 2200:2208 specific saccharidic receptors 2179:2208 specific saccharidic receptors located on the surface of their bacterial host 2179:2255 The information generated will be instrumental in understanding the molecular mechanisms of how phages recognize specific saccharidic receptors located on the surface of their bacterial host. 24803515 1 66 theme lactis 260:265 arg1 strains 237:243 eight strains 231:243 eight strains of Lactococcus lactis 231:265 ABSTRACT Analysis of the genetic locus encompassing a cell wall polysaccharide (CWPS) biosynthesis operon of eight strains of Lactococcus lactis, identified as belonging to the same CWPS type C genotype, revealed the presence of a variable region among the strains examined. 24803515 4 67 theme L. lactis 824:832 arg1 MG1363 834:839 subtype C1 L. lactis MG1363 813:839 subtype C1 L. lactis MG1363 813:839 In this study, we purified an acidic polysaccharide from the cell wall of L. lactis 3107 (subtype C2) and confirmed that it is structurally different from the previously established CWPS of subtype C1 L. lactis MG1363. 24803515 3 68 theme variable 498:505 arg1 region 507:512 This variable region 493:512 This variable region 493:512 This variable region contains genes encoding glycosyltransferases that display low or no sequence homology between the subgroups. 24803515 1 69 theme wall 181:184 arg1 CWPS 202:205 CWPS 202:205 CWPS 202:205 ABSTRACT Analysis of the genetic locus encompassing a cell wall polysaccharide (CWPS) biosynthesis operon of eight strains of Lactococcus lactis, identified as belonging to the same CWPS type C genotype, revealed the presence of a variable region among the strains examined. 24803515 1 69 theme wall 181:184 arg1 operon 221:226 a cell wall polysaccharide (CWPS) biosynthesis operon 174:226 a cell wall polysaccharide (CWPS) biosynthesis operon of eight strains of Lactococcus lactis 174:265 ABSTRACT Analysis of the genetic locus encompassing a cell wall polysaccharide (CWPS) biosynthesis operon of eight strains of Lactococcus lactis, identified as belonging to the same CWPS type C genotype, revealed the presence of a variable region among the strains examined. 24803515 11 70 theme specific 2179:2186 arg1 receptors 2200:2208 specific saccharidic receptors 2179:2208 specific saccharidic receptors located on the surface of their bacterial host 2179:2255 The information generated will be instrumental in understanding the molecular mechanisms of how phages recognize specific saccharidic receptors located on the surface of their bacterial host. 24803515 9 71 theme phage 1700:1704 arg1 research 1706:1713 lactococcal phage research 1688:1713 lactococcal phage research 1688:1713 IMPORTANCE Despite the efforts of nearly 80 years of lactococcal phage research, the precise nature of the cell surface receptors of the P335 and 936 phage group receptors has remained elusive. 24803515 4 72 theme subtype 813:819 arg1 MG1363 834:839 subtype C1 L. lactis MG1363 813:839 subtype C1 L. lactis MG1363 813:839 In this study, we purified an acidic polysaccharide from the cell wall of L. lactis 3107 (subtype C2) and confirmed that it is structurally different from the previously established CWPS of subtype C1 L. lactis MG1363. 24803515 10 73 from evidence 1919:1926 arg1 recognition 1948:1958 host recognition 1943:1958 host recognition by phages of the 936 group 1943:1985 This work demonstrates the molecular nature of a P335 group receptor while bolstering the evidence of its role in host recognition by phages of the 936 group and at least partially explains why such phages have a very narrow host range. 24803515 9 74 theme precise 1720:1726 arg1 nature 1728:1733 the precise nature 1716:1733 the precise nature of the cell surface receptors of the P335 1716:1775 IMPORTANCE Despite the efforts of nearly 80 years of lactococcal phage research, the precise nature of the cell surface receptors of the P335 and 936 phage group receptors has remained elusive. 24803515 3 75 theme no 579:580 arg1 homology 591:598 low or no sequence homology 572:598 low or no sequence homology between the subgroups 572:620 This variable region contains genes encoding glycosyltransferases that display low or no sequence homology between the subgroups. 24803515 8 76 theme bacteriophages 1486:1499 arg1 CWPS 1437:1440 CWPS 1437:1440 CWPS 1437:1440 By challenging the recombinant mutant with various lactococcal phages, we demonstrated that CWPS is the host cell surface receptor of tested bacteriophages of both the P335 and 936 groups and that differences between the CWPS structures play a crucial role in determining phage host range. 24803515 8 76 theme bacteriophages 1486:1499 arg1 receptor 1467:1474 the host cell surface receptor 1445:1474 the host cell surface receptor of tested bacteriophages of both the P335 and 936 groups 1445:1531 By challenging the recombinant mutant with various lactococcal phages, we demonstrated that CWPS is the host cell surface receptor of tested bacteriophages of both the P335 and 936 groups and that differences between the CWPS structures play a crucial role in determining phage host range. 24803515 10 77 theme group 1981:1985 arg1 phages 1963:1968 phages 1963:1968 phages of the 936 group 1963:1985 This work demonstrates the molecular nature of a P335 group receptor while bolstering the evidence of its role in host recognition by phages of the 936 group and at least partially explains why such phages have a very narrow host range. 24803515 3 78 theme low 572:574 arg1 homology 591:598 low or no sequence homology 572:598 low or no sequence homology between the subgroups 572:620 This variable region contains genes encoding glycosyltransferases that display low or no sequence homology between the subgroups. 24803515 0 79 from Differences 0:10 arg1 structure 52:60 lactococcal cell wall polysaccharide structure 15:60 lactococcal cell wall polysaccharide structure 15:60 Differences in lactococcal cell wall polysaccharide structure are major determining factors in bacteriophage sensitivity. 24803515 9 80 theme cell 1742:1745 arg1 receptors 1755:1763 the cell surface receptors 1738:1763 the cell surface receptors of the P335 1738:1775 IMPORTANCE Despite the efforts of nearly 80 years of lactococcal phage research, the precise nature of the cell surface receptors of the P335 and 936 phage group receptors has remained elusive. 24803515 4 81 theme cell 684:687 arg1 wall 689:692 the cell wall 680:692 the cell wall of L. lactis 3107 (subtype C2) 680:723 In this study, we purified an acidic polysaccharide from the cell wall of L. lactis 3107 (subtype C2) and confirmed that it is structurally different from the previously established CWPS of subtype C1 L. lactis MG1363. 24803515 9 82 theme receptors 1755:1763 arg1 80 years 1676:1683 nearly 80 years 1669:1683 nearly 80 years of lactococcal phage research 1669:1713 IMPORTANCE Despite the efforts of nearly 80 years of lactococcal phage research, the precise nature of the cell surface receptors of the P335 and 936 phage group receptors has remained elusive. 24803515 9 82 theme receptors 1755:1763 arg1 nature 1728:1733 the precise nature 1716:1733 the precise nature of the cell surface receptors of the P335 1716:1775 IMPORTANCE Despite the efforts of nearly 80 years of lactococcal phage research, the precise nature of the cell surface receptors of the P335 and 936 phage group receptors has remained elusive. 24803515 9 82 theme receptors 1755:1763 arg1 receptors 1797:1805 936 phage group receptors 1781:1805 936 phage group receptors 1781:1805 IMPORTANCE Despite the efforts of nearly 80 years of lactococcal phage research, the precise nature of the cell surface receptors of the P335 and 936 phage group receptors has remained elusive. 24803515 8 83 theme P335 1513:1516 arg1 bacteriophages 1486:1499 tested bacteriophages 1479:1499 tested bacteriophages of both the P335 and 936 groups 1479:1531 By challenging the recombinant mutant with various lactococcal phages, we demonstrated that CWPS is the host cell surface receptor of tested bacteriophages of both the P335 and 936 groups and that differences between the CWPS structures play a crucial role in determining phage host range. 24803515 7 84 theme characteristic 1254:1267 arg1 composition 1242:1252 a composition 1240:1252 a composition characteristic of that of subtype C2 L. lactis 3107 and not wild-type C1 L. lactis NZ9000 1240:1342 The resulting recombinant mutant synthesized a polysaccharide with a composition characteristic of that of subtype C2 L. lactis 3107 and not wild-type C1 L. lactis NZ9000. 24803515 1 85 theme locus 155:159 arg1 Analysis 131:138 ABSTRACT Analysis 122:138 ABSTRACT Analysis 122:138 ABSTRACT Analysis of the genetic locus encompassing a cell wall polysaccharide (CWPS) biosynthesis operon of eight strains of Lactococcus lactis, identified as belonging to the same CWPS type C genotype, revealed the presence of a variable region among the strains examined. 24803515 6 86 theme genes 1035:1039 arg1 Combinations 1019:1030 Combinations 1019:1030 Combinations of genes from the variable region of subtype C2 1019:1078 Combinations of genes from the variable region of subtype C2 were introduced into a mutant of subtype C1 L. lactis NZ9000 deficient in CWPS biosynthesis. 24803515 8 87 theme 936 1522:1524 arg1 groups 1526:1531 both the P335 and 936 groups 1504:1531 groups 1526:1531 By challenging the recombinant mutant with various lactococcal phages, we demonstrated that CWPS is the host cell surface receptor of tested bacteriophages of both the P335 and 936 groups and that differences between the CWPS structures play a crucial role in determining phage host range. 24803515 4 88 theme acidic 653:658 arg1 polysaccharide 660:673 an acidic polysaccharide 650:673 an acidic polysaccharide from the cell wall of L. lactis 3107 (subtype C2) 650:723 In this study, we purified an acidic polysaccharide from the cell wall of L. lactis 3107 (subtype C2) and confirmed that it is structurally different from the previously established CWPS of subtype C1 L. lactis MG1363. 24803515 11 89 theme host 2252:2255 arg1 surface 2225:2231 the surface 2221:2231 the surface of their bacterial host 2221:2255 The information generated will be instrumental in understanding the molecular mechanisms of how phages recognize specific saccharidic receptors located on the surface of their bacterial host. 24803515 5 90 theme L. lactis 854:862 arg1 CWPS 846:849 The CWPS 842:849 The CWPS of L. lactis 3107 842:867 The CWPS of L. lactis 3107 is composed of pentasaccharide repeating units linked by phosphodiester bonds with the structure 6-α-Glc-3-β-Galf-3-β-GlcNAc-2-β-Galf-6-α-GlcNAc-1-P. 24803515 2 91 theme type 463:466 arg1 subgroups 444:452 five subgroups 439:452 five subgroups of the C type named subtypes C1 to C5 439:490 The results allowed the identification of five subgroups of the C type named subtypes C1 to C5. 24803515 5 92 theme phosphodiester 926:939 arg1 bonds 941:945 phosphodiester bonds 926:945 phosphodiester bonds 926:945 The CWPS of L. lactis 3107 is composed of pentasaccharide repeating units linked by phosphodiester bonds with the structure 6-α-Glc-3-β-Galf-3-β-GlcNAc-2-β-Galf-6-α-GlcNAc-1-P. 24803515 9 93 theme phage 1785:1789 arg1 receptors 1797:1805 936 phage group receptors 1781:1805 936 phage group receptors 1781:1805 IMPORTANCE Despite the efforts of nearly 80 years of lactococcal phage research, the precise nature of the cell surface receptors of the P335 and 936 phage group receptors has remained elusive. 24803515 8 94 theme recombinant 1364:1374 arg1 mutant 1376:1381 the recombinant mutant 1360:1381 the recombinant mutant with various lactococcal phages 1360:1413 By challenging the recombinant mutant with various lactococcal phages, we demonstrated that CWPS is the host cell surface receptor of tested bacteriophages of both the P335 and 936 groups and that differences between the CWPS structures play a crucial role in determining phage host range. 24803515 9 95 theme receptors 1797:1805 arg1 IMPORTANCE 1635:1644 IMPORTANCE 1635:1644 IMPORTANCE Despite the efforts of nearly 80 years of lactococcal phage research, the precise nature of the cell surface receptors of the P335 and 936 phage group receptors 1635:1805 IMPORTANCE Despite the efforts of nearly 80 years of lactococcal phage research, the precise nature of the cell surface receptors of the P335 and 936 phage group receptors has remained elusive. 24803515 7 96 theme recombinant 1187:1197 arg1 mutant 1199:1204 The resulting recombinant mutant 1173:1204 The resulting recombinant mutant 1173:1204 The resulting recombinant mutant synthesized a polysaccharide with a composition characteristic of that of subtype C2 L. lactis 3107 and not wild-type C1 L. lactis NZ9000. 24803515 4 97 from CWPS 805:808 arg1 different 763:771 different 763:771 different 763:771 In this study, we purified an acidic polysaccharide from the cell wall of L. lactis 3107 (subtype C2) and confirmed that it is structurally different from the previously established CWPS of subtype C1 L. lactis MG1363. 24803515 5 98 theme repeating 900:908 arg1 units 910:914 pentasaccharide repeating units 884:914 pentasaccharide repeating units linked by phosphodiester bonds with the structure 6-α-Glc-3-β-Galf-3-β-GlcNAc-2-β-Galf-6-α-GlcNAc-1-P 884:1016 The CWPS of L. lactis 3107 is composed of pentasaccharide repeating units linked by phosphodiester bonds with the structure 6-α-Glc-3-β-Galf-3-β-GlcNAc-2-β-Galf-6-α-GlcNAc-1-P. 24803515 10 99 theme P335 1878:1881 arg1 receptor 1889:1896 a P335 group receptor 1876:1896 a P335 group receptor 1876:1896 This work demonstrates the molecular nature of a P335 group receptor while bolstering the evidence of its role in host recognition by phages of the 936 group and at least partially explains why such phages have a very narrow host range. 24803515 8 100 theme lactococcal 1396:1406 arg1 phages 1408:1413 various lactococcal phages 1388:1413 various lactococcal phages 1388:1413 By challenging the recombinant mutant with various lactococcal phages, we demonstrated that CWPS is the host cell surface receptor of tested bacteriophages of both the P335 and 936 groups and that differences between the CWPS structures play a crucial role in determining phage host range. 24803515 0 101 theme cell 27:30 arg1 structure 52:60 lactococcal cell wall polysaccharide structure 15:60 lactococcal cell wall polysaccharide structure 15:60 Differences in lactococcal cell wall polysaccharide structure are major determining factors in bacteriophage sensitivity. 24803515 6 102 theme subtype 1069:1075 arg1 C2 1077:1078 subtype C2 1069:1078 subtype C2 1069:1078 Combinations of genes from the variable region of subtype C2 were introduced into a mutant of subtype C1 L. lactis NZ9000 deficient in CWPS biosynthesis. 24803515 4 103 theme subtype 713:719 arg1 C2 721:722 subtype C2 713:722 subtype C2 713:722 In this study, we purified an acidic polysaccharide from the cell wall of L. lactis 3107 (subtype C2) and confirmed that it is structurally different from the previously established CWPS of subtype C1 L. lactis MG1363. 24803515 4 103 theme subtype 713:719 arg1 L. lactis 697:705 L. lactis 697:705 L. lactis 697:705 In this study, we purified an acidic polysaccharide from the cell wall of L. lactis 3107 (subtype C2) and confirmed that it is structurally different from the previously established CWPS of subtype C1 L. lactis MG1363. 24803515 6 104 theme subtype 1113:1119 arg1 L. lactis 1124:1132 subtype C1 L. lactis NZ9000 1113:1139 subtype C1 L. lactis NZ9000 1113:1139 Combinations of genes from the variable region of subtype C2 were introduced into a mutant of subtype C1 L. lactis NZ9000 deficient in CWPS biosynthesis. 24803515 0 105 theme polysaccharide 37:50 arg1 structure 52:60 lactococcal cell wall polysaccharide structure 15:60 lactococcal cell wall polysaccharide structure 15:60 Differences in lactococcal cell wall polysaccharide structure are major determining factors in bacteriophage sensitivity. 24803515 1 106 theme same 299:302 arg1 genotype 316:323 the same CWPS type C genotype 295:323 the same CWPS type C genotype 295:323 ABSTRACT Analysis of the genetic locus encompassing a cell wall polysaccharide (CWPS) biosynthesis operon of eight strains of Lactococcus lactis, identified as belonging to the same CWPS type C genotype, revealed the presence of a variable region among the strains examined. 24803515 7 107 theme wild-type 1314:1322 arg1 L. lactis 1327:1335 wild-type C1 L. lactis NZ9000 1314:1342 subtype C2 L. lactis 3107 and not wild-type C1 L. lactis NZ9000 1280:1342 The resulting recombinant mutant synthesized a polysaccharide with a composition characteristic of that of subtype C2 L. lactis 3107 and not wild-type C1 L. lactis NZ9000. 24803515 1 108 theme type 309:312 arg1 genotype 316:323 the same CWPS type C genotype 295:323 the same CWPS type C genotype 295:323 ABSTRACT Analysis of the genetic locus encompassing a cell wall polysaccharide (CWPS) biosynthesis operon of eight strains of Lactococcus lactis, identified as belonging to the same CWPS type C genotype, revealed the presence of a variable region among the strains examined. 24803515 6 109 theme deficient 1141:1149 arg1 mutant 1103:1108 a mutant 1101:1108 a mutant of subtype C1 L. lactis NZ9000 deficient in CWPS biosynthesis 1101:1170 Combinations of genes from the variable region of subtype C2 were introduced into a mutant of subtype C1 L. lactis NZ9000 deficient in CWPS biosynthesis. 24803515 2 110 theme subgroups 444:452 arg1 identification 421:434 the identification 417:434 the identification of five subgroups of the C type named subtypes C1 to C5 417:490 The results allowed the identification of five subgroups of the C type named subtypes C1 to C5. 24803515 6 111 from deficient 1141:1149 arg1 biosynthesis 1159:1170 CWPS biosynthesis 1154:1170 CWPS biosynthesis 1154:1170 Combinations of genes from the variable region of subtype C2 were introduced into a mutant of subtype C1 L. lactis NZ9000 deficient in CWPS biosynthesis. 24803515 5 112 theme structure 956:964 arg1 6-α-Glc-3-β-Galf-3-β-GlcNAc-2-β-Galf-6-α-GlcNAc-1-P 966:1016 the structure 6-α-Glc-3-β-Galf-3-β-GlcNAc-2-β-Galf-6-α-GlcNAc-1-P 952:1016 the structure 6-α-Glc-3-β-Galf-3-β-GlcNAc-2-β-Galf-6-α-GlcNAc-1-P 952:1016 The CWPS of L. lactis 3107 is composed of pentasaccharide repeating units linked by phosphodiester bonds with the structure 6-α-Glc-3-β-Galf-3-β-GlcNAc-2-β-Galf-6-α-GlcNAc-1-P. 24803515 6 113 theme L. lactis 1124:1132 arg1 mutant 1103:1108 a mutant 1101:1108 a mutant of subtype C1 L. lactis NZ9000 deficient in CWPS biosynthesis 1101:1170 Combinations of genes from the variable region of subtype C2 were introduced into a mutant of subtype C1 L. lactis NZ9000 deficient in CWPS biosynthesis. 24803515 10 114 theme narrow 2047:2052 arg1 range 2059:2063 a very narrow host range 2040:2063 a very narrow host range 2040:2063 This work demonstrates the molecular nature of a P335 group receptor while bolstering the evidence of its role in host recognition by phages of the 936 group and at least partially explains why such phages have a very narrow host range. 24803515 8 115 theme host 1623:1626 arg1 range 1628:1632 phage host range 1617:1632 phage host range 1617:1632 By challenging the recombinant mutant with various lactococcal phages, we demonstrated that CWPS is the host cell surface receptor of tested bacteriophages of both the P335 and 936 groups and that differences between the CWPS structures play a crucial role in determining phage host range. 24803515 10 116 theme group 1883:1887 arg1 receptor 1889:1896 a P335 group receptor 1876:1896 a P335 group receptor 1876:1896 This work demonstrates the molecular nature of a P335 group receptor while bolstering the evidence of its role in host recognition by phages of the 936 group and at least partially explains why such phages have a very narrow host range. 24803515 4 117 from wall 689:692 arg1 polysaccharide 660:673 an acidic polysaccharide 650:673 an acidic polysaccharide from the cell wall of L. lactis 3107 (subtype C2) 650:723 In this study, we purified an acidic polysaccharide from the cell wall of L. lactis 3107 (subtype C2) and confirmed that it is structurally different from the previously established CWPS of subtype C1 L. lactis MG1363. 24803515 1 118 theme strains 237:243 arg1 CWPS 202:205 CWPS 202:205 CWPS 202:205 ABSTRACT Analysis of the genetic locus encompassing a cell wall polysaccharide (CWPS) biosynthesis operon of eight strains of Lactococcus lactis, identified as belonging to the same CWPS type C genotype, revealed the presence of a variable region among the strains examined. 24803515 1 118 theme strains 237:243 arg1 operon 221:226 a cell wall polysaccharide (CWPS) biosynthesis operon 174:226 a cell wall polysaccharide (CWPS) biosynthesis operon of eight strains of Lactococcus lactis 174:265 ABSTRACT Analysis of the genetic locus encompassing a cell wall polysaccharide (CWPS) biosynthesis operon of eight strains of Lactococcus lactis, identified as belonging to the same CWPS type C genotype, revealed the presence of a variable region among the strains examined. 24803515 7 119 theme subtype 1280:1286 arg1 L. lactis 1291:1299 subtype C2 L. lactis 3107 1280:1304 subtype C2 L. lactis 3107 and not wild-type C1 L. lactis NZ9000 1280:1342 The resulting recombinant mutant synthesized a polysaccharide with a composition characteristic of that of subtype C2 L. lactis 3107 and not wild-type C1 L. lactis NZ9000. 24803515 8 120 theme cell 1454:1457 arg1 CWPS 1437:1440 CWPS 1437:1440 CWPS 1437:1440 By challenging the recombinant mutant with various lactococcal phages, we demonstrated that CWPS is the host cell surface receptor of tested bacteriophages of both the P335 and 936 groups and that differences between the CWPS structures play a crucial role in determining phage host range. 24803515 8 120 theme cell 1454:1457 arg1 receptor 1467:1474 the host cell surface receptor 1445:1474 the host cell surface receptor of tested bacteriophages of both the P335 and 936 groups 1445:1531 By challenging the recombinant mutant with various lactococcal phages, we demonstrated that CWPS is the host cell surface receptor of tested bacteriophages of both the P335 and 936 groups and that differences between the CWPS structures play a crucial role in determining phage host range. 24803515 1 121 theme Lactococcus 248:258 arg1 lactis 260:265 Lactococcus lactis 248:265 Lactococcus lactis 248:265 ABSTRACT Analysis of the genetic locus encompassing a cell wall polysaccharide (CWPS) biosynthesis operon of eight strains of Lactococcus lactis, identified as belonging to the same CWPS type C genotype, revealed the presence of a variable region among the strains examined. 27702477 3 0 theme PX3 711:713 arg1 activity 726:733 no improved PX3 hydrolytic activity 699:733 no improved PX3 hydrolytic activity 699:733 All six of the recombinant xylanases with the addition of CBM in the pIVEX-GST expression vector showed no improved PX3 hydrolytic activity. 27702477 2 1 theme xylanase 585:592 arg1 structure 568:576 the original structure 555:576 the original structure of PX3 xylanase 555:592 To identify its role in xylan hydrolysis, six expression plasmids were constructed encoding the N-terminal CBM plus the catalytic domain or different glycosyl hydrolases, and the biochemical properties of the recombinant enzymes were compared to the original structure of PX3 xylanase. 27702477 5 2 theme N-terminal 1068:1077 arg1 domain 1079:1084 a new N-terminal domain 1062:1084 a new N-terminal domain homologous to the catalytic thermostabilizing domains from other xylanases 1062:1159 The putative XBD in PX3 comprises a new N-terminal domain homologous to the catalytic thermostabilizing domains from other xylanases. 27702477 1 3 theme KRICT 164:168 arg1 JF320814 175:182 JF320814 175:182 JF320814 175:182 The model 3-D structure of xylanase KRICT PX3 (JF320814) identified by DNA sequence analysis revealed a catalytic domain and CBM4-9 which functions as a xylan binding domain (XBD). 27702477 1 3 theme KRICT 164:168 arg1 PX3 170:172 xylanase KRICT PX3 155:172 xylanase KRICT PX3 (JF320814) identified by DNA sequence analysis 155:219 The model 3-D structure of xylanase KRICT PX3 (JF320814) identified by DNA sequence analysis revealed a catalytic domain and CBM4-9 which functions as a xylan binding domain (XBD). 27702477 4 4 theme activity 965:972 arg1 alteration 881:890 alteration 881:890 alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8 881:931 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 4 4 theme activity 965:972 arg1 movement 826:833 movement 826:833 movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C 826:878 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 4 4 theme activity 965:972 arg1 reduction 938:946 reduction 938:946 reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition 938:1011 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 4 4 theme activity 965:972 arg1 decrement 789:797 a decrement 787:797 a decrement of 40% in thermostability 787:823 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 5 5 theme thermostabilizing 1114:1130 arg1 domains 1132:1138 the catalytic thermostabilizing domains 1100:1138 the catalytic thermostabilizing domains from other xylanases 1100:1159 The putative XBD in PX3 comprises a new N-terminal domain homologous to the catalytic thermostabilizing domains from other xylanases. 27702477 2 6 theme glycosyl 459:466 arg1 hydrolases 468:477 different glycosyl hydrolases 449:477 different glycosyl hydrolases 449:477 To identify its role in xylan hydrolysis, six expression plasmids were constructed encoding the N-terminal CBM plus the catalytic domain or different glycosyl hydrolases, and the biochemical properties of the recombinant enzymes were compared to the original structure of PX3 xylanase. 27702477 2 7 theme PX3 581:583 arg1 xylanase 585:592 PX3 xylanase 581:592 PX3 xylanase 581:592 To identify its role in xylan hydrolysis, six expression plasmids were constructed encoding the N-terminal CBM plus the catalytic domain or different glycosyl hydrolases, and the biochemical properties of the recombinant enzymes were compared to the original structure of PX3 xylanase. 27702477 4 8 from reduction 938:946 arg1 45°C 875:878 45°C 875:878 45°C 875:878 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 4 8 from reduction 938:946 arg1 6-8 929:931 6-8 929:931 6-8 929:931 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 4 8 from reduction 938:946 arg1 thermostability 809:823 thermostability 809:823 thermostability 809:823 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 1 9 theme PX3 170:172 arg1 structure 142:150 The model 3-D structure 128:150 The model 3-D structure of xylanase KRICT PX3 (JF320814) identified by DNA sequence analysis 128:219 The model 3-D structure of xylanase KRICT PX3 (JF320814) identified by DNA sequence analysis revealed a catalytic domain and CBM4-9 which functions as a xylan binding domain (XBD). 27702477 5 10 theme putative 1032:1039 arg1 XBD 1041:1043 The putative XBD 1028:1043 The putative XBD in PX3 1028:1050 The putative XBD in PX3 comprises a new N-terminal domain homologous to the catalytic thermostabilizing domains from other xylanases. 27702477 4 11 dep 6-8 929:931 arg1 to 926:927 to 926:927 to 926:927 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 3 12 from addition 641:648 arg1 vector 685:690 the pIVEX-GST expression vector 660:690 the pIVEX-GST expression vector 660:690 All six of the recombinant xylanases with the addition of CBM in the pIVEX-GST expression vector showed no improved PX3 hydrolytic activity. 27702477 4 13 from 6-8 929:931 arg1 range 910:914 the optimal pH range 895:914 the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8 895:931 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 4 13 from 6-8 929:931 arg1 alteration 881:890 alteration 881:890 alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8 881:931 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 4 13 from 6-8 929:931 arg1 movement 826:833 movement 826:833 movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C 826:878 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 4 13 from 6-8 929:931 arg1 reduction 938:946 reduction 938:946 reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition 938:1011 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 4 13 from 6-8 929:931 arg1 decrement 789:797 a decrement 787:797 a decrement of 40% in thermostability 787:823 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 0 14 theme Paenibacillus 98:110 arg1 terrae 112:117 Paenibacillus terrae HPL-003 98:125 Paenibacillus terrae HPL-003 98:125 Identification of a novel cellulose-binding domain within the endo-β-1,4-xylanase KRICT PX-3 from Paenibacillus terrae HPL-003. 27702477 4 15 theme range 910:914 arg1 alteration 881:890 alteration 881:890 alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8 881:931 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 4 15 theme range 910:914 arg1 movement 826:833 movement 826:833 movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C 826:878 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 4 15 theme range 910:914 arg1 reduction 938:946 reduction 938:946 reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition 938:1011 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 4 15 theme range 910:914 arg1 decrement 789:797 a decrement 787:797 a decrement of 40% in thermostability 787:823 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 4 16 from alteration 881:890 arg1 45°C 875:878 45°C 875:878 45°C 875:878 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 4 16 from alteration 881:890 arg1 6-8 929:931 6-8 929:931 6-8 929:931 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 4 16 from alteration 881:890 arg1 thermostability 809:823 thermostability 809:823 thermostability 809:823 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 2 17 theme biochemical 488:498 arg1 properties 500:509 the biochemical properties 484:509 the biochemical properties of the recombinant enzymes 484:536 To identify its role in xylan hydrolysis, six expression plasmids were constructed encoding the N-terminal CBM plus the catalytic domain or different glycosyl hydrolases, and the biochemical properties of the recombinant enzymes were compared to the original structure of PX3 xylanase. 27702477 3 18 theme improved 702:709 arg1 activity 726:733 no improved PX3 hydrolytic activity 699:733 no improved PX3 hydrolytic activity 699:733 All six of the recombinant xylanases with the addition of CBM in the pIVEX-GST expression vector showed no improved PX3 hydrolytic activity. 27702477 6 19 attach released 1192:1199 arg1 xylan 1206:1210 xylan 1206:1210 xylan 1206:1210 Analysis of the main products released from xylan indicate that the recombinant enzymes act as endo-1,4-β-xylanases but differ in their hydrolysis of xylan from beech wood, birch wood, and oat spelt. 27702477 6 19 attach released 1192:1199 arg2 products 1183:1190 the main products 1174:1190 the main products released from xylan 1174:1210 Analysis of the main products released from xylan indicate that the recombinant enzymes act as endo-1,4-β-xylanases but differ in their hydrolysis of xylan from beech wood, birch wood, and oat spelt. 27702477 5 20 theme other 1145:1149 arg1 xylanases 1151:1159 other xylanases 1145:1159 other xylanases 1145:1159 The putative XBD in PX3 comprises a new N-terminal domain homologous to the catalytic thermostabilizing domains from other xylanases. 27702477 2 21 theme different 449:457 arg1 hydrolases 468:477 different glycosyl hydrolases 449:477 different glycosyl hydrolases 449:477 To identify its role in xylan hydrolysis, six expression plasmids were constructed encoding the N-terminal CBM plus the catalytic domain or different glycosyl hydrolases, and the biochemical properties of the recombinant enzymes were compared to the original structure of PX3 xylanase. 27702477 2 22 theme expression 355:364 arg1 plasmids 366:373 six expression plasmids 351:373 six expression plasmids 351:373 To identify its role in xylan hydrolysis, six expression plasmids were constructed encoding the N-terminal CBM plus the catalytic domain or different glycosyl hydrolases, and the biochemical properties of the recombinant enzymes were compared to the original structure of PX3 xylanase. 27702477 3 23 from vector 685:690 arg1 addition 641:648 the addition 637:648 the addition of CBM in the pIVEX-GST expression vector 637:690 All six of the recombinant xylanases with the addition of CBM in the pIVEX-GST expression vector showed no improved PX3 hydrolytic activity. 27702477 3 24 theme hydrolytic 715:724 arg1 activity 726:733 no improved PX3 hydrolytic activity 699:733 no improved PX3 hydrolytic activity 699:733 All six of the recombinant xylanases with the addition of CBM in the pIVEX-GST expression vector showed no improved PX3 hydrolytic activity. 27702477 6 25 theme main 1178:1181 arg1 products 1183:1190 the main products 1174:1190 the main products released from xylan 1174:1210 Analysis of the main products released from xylan indicate that the recombinant enzymes act as endo-1,4-β-xylanases but differ in their hydrolysis of xylan from beech wood, birch wood, and oat spelt. 27702477 2 26 from role 325:328 arg1 hydrolysis 339:348 xylan hydrolysis 333:348 xylan hydrolysis 333:348 To identify its role in xylan hydrolysis, six expression plasmids were constructed encoding the N-terminal CBM plus the catalytic domain or different glycosyl hydrolases, and the biochemical properties of the recombinant enzymes were compared to the original structure of PX3 xylanase. 27702477 6 27 theme birch 1335:1339 arg1 wood 1341:1344 birch wood 1335:1344 birch wood 1335:1344 Analysis of the main products released from xylan indicate that the recombinant enzymes act as endo-1,4-β-xylanases but differ in their hydrolysis of xylan from beech wood, birch wood, and oat spelt. 27702477 5 28 theme homologous 1086:1095 arg1 domain 1079:1084 a new N-terminal domain 1062:1084 a new N-terminal domain homologous to the catalytic thermostabilizing domains from other xylanases 1062:1159 The putative XBD in PX3 comprises a new N-terminal domain homologous to the catalytic thermostabilizing domains from other xylanases. 27702477 4 29 theme % 804:804 arg1 alteration 881:890 alteration 881:890 alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8 881:931 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 4 29 theme % 804:804 arg1 movement 826:833 movement 826:833 movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C 826:878 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 4 29 theme % 804:804 arg1 reduction 938:946 reduction 938:946 reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition 938:1011 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 4 29 theme % 804:804 arg1 decrement 789:797 a decrement 787:797 a decrement of 40% in thermostability 787:823 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 0 30 theme novel 20:24 arg1 domain 44:49 a novel cellulose-binding domain 18:49 a novel cellulose-binding domain within the endo-β-1,4-xylanase KRICT PX-3 from Paenibacillus terrae HPL-003 18:125 Identification of a novel cellulose-binding domain within the endo-β-1,4-xylanase KRICT PX-3 from Paenibacillus terrae HPL-003. 27702477 6 31 theme xylan 1312:1316 arg1 hydrolysis 1298:1307 their hydrolysis 1292:1307 their hydrolysis of xylan 1292:1316 Analysis of the main products released from xylan indicate that the recombinant enzymes act as endo-1,4-β-xylanases but differ in their hydrolysis of xylan from beech wood, birch wood, and oat spelt. 27702477 6 32 theme products 1183:1190 arg1 Analysis 1162:1169 Analysis 1162:1169 Analysis of the main products released from xylan 1162:1210 Analysis of the main products released from xylan indicate that the recombinant enzymes act as endo-1,4-β-xylanases but differ in their hydrolysis of xylan from beech wood, birch wood, and oat spelt. 27702477 2 33 theme N-terminal 405:414 arg1 CBM 416:418 the N-terminal CBM 401:418 the N-terminal CBM 401:418 To identify its role in xylan hydrolysis, six expression plasmids were constructed encoding the N-terminal CBM plus the catalytic domain or different glycosyl hydrolases, and the biochemical properties of the recombinant enzymes were compared to the original structure of PX3 xylanase. 27702477 1 34 theme xylan 281:285 arg1 CBM4-9 253:258 CBM4-9 253:258 CBM4-9 253:258 The model 3-D structure of xylanase KRICT PX3 (JF320814) identified by DNA sequence analysis revealed a catalytic domain and CBM4-9 which functions as a xylan binding domain (XBD). 27702477 1 34 theme xylan 281:285 arg1 domain 242:247 a catalytic domain 230:247 a catalytic domain 230:247 The model 3-D structure of xylanase KRICT PX3 (JF320814) identified by DNA sequence analysis revealed a catalytic domain and CBM4-9 which functions as a xylan binding domain (XBD). 27702477 1 34 theme xylan 281:285 arg1 XBD 303:305 XBD 303:305 XBD 303:305 The model 3-D structure of xylanase KRICT PX3 (JF320814) identified by DNA sequence analysis revealed a catalytic domain and CBM4-9 which functions as a xylan binding domain (XBD). 27702477 1 34 theme xylan 281:285 arg1 domain 295:300 a xylan binding domain 279:300 a xylan binding domain (XBD) 279:306 The model 3-D structure of xylanase KRICT PX3 (JF320814) identified by DNA sequence analysis revealed a catalytic domain and CBM4-9 which functions as a xylan binding domain (XBD). 27702477 2 35 theme enzymes 530:536 arg1 properties 500:509 the biochemical properties 484:509 the biochemical properties of the recombinant enzymes 484:536 To identify its role in xylan hydrolysis, six expression plasmids were constructed encoding the N-terminal CBM plus the catalytic domain or different glycosyl hydrolases, and the biochemical properties of the recombinant enzymes were compared to the original structure of PX3 xylanase. 27702477 3 36 theme xylanases 622:630 arg1 xylanases 622:630 the recombinant xylanases 606:630 the recombinant xylanases with the addition of CBM in the pIVEX-GST expression vector 606:690 All six of the recombinant xylanases with the addition of CBM in the pIVEX-GST expression vector showed no improved PX3 hydrolytic activity. 27702477 3 36 theme xylanases 622:630 arg1 six 599:601 six 599:601 six 599:601 All six of the recombinant xylanases with the addition of CBM in the pIVEX-GST expression vector showed no improved PX3 hydrolytic activity. 27702477 5 37 theme catalytic 1104:1112 arg1 domains 1132:1138 the catalytic thermostabilizing domains 1100:1138 the catalytic thermostabilizing domains from other xylanases 1100:1159 The putative XBD in PX3 comprises a new N-terminal domain homologous to the catalytic thermostabilizing domains from other xylanases. 27702477 3 38 with xylanases 622:630 arg1 addition 641:648 the addition 637:648 the addition of CBM in the pIVEX-GST expression vector 637:690 All six of the recombinant xylanases with the addition of CBM in the pIVEX-GST expression vector showed no improved PX3 hydrolytic activity. 27702477 1 39 theme DNA 199:201 arg1 analysis 212:219 DNA sequence analysis 199:219 DNA sequence analysis 199:219 The model 3-D structure of xylanase KRICT PX3 (JF320814) identified by DNA sequence analysis revealed a catalytic domain and CBM4-9 which functions as a xylan binding domain (XBD). 27702477 0 40 theme domain 44:49 arg1 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification of a novel cellulose-binding domain within the endo-β-1,4-xylanase KRICT PX-3 from Paenibacillus terrae HPL-003. 0:126 Identification of a novel cellulose-binding domain within the endo-β-1,4-xylanase KRICT PX-3 from Paenibacillus terrae HPL-003. 27702477 1 41 theme binding 287:293 arg1 CBM4-9 253:258 CBM4-9 253:258 CBM4-9 253:258 The model 3-D structure of xylanase KRICT PX3 (JF320814) identified by DNA sequence analysis revealed a catalytic domain and CBM4-9 which functions as a xylan binding domain (XBD). 27702477 1 41 theme binding 287:293 arg1 domain 242:247 a catalytic domain 230:247 a catalytic domain 230:247 The model 3-D structure of xylanase KRICT PX3 (JF320814) identified by DNA sequence analysis revealed a catalytic domain and CBM4-9 which functions as a xylan binding domain (XBD). 27702477 1 41 theme binding 287:293 arg1 XBD 303:305 XBD 303:305 XBD 303:305 The model 3-D structure of xylanase KRICT PX3 (JF320814) identified by DNA sequence analysis revealed a catalytic domain and CBM4-9 which functions as a xylan binding domain (XBD). 27702477 1 41 theme binding 287:293 arg1 domain 295:300 a xylan binding domain 279:300 a xylan binding domain (XBD) 279:306 The model 3-D structure of xylanase KRICT PX3 (JF320814) identified by DNA sequence analysis revealed a catalytic domain and CBM4-9 which functions as a xylan binding domain (XBD). 27702477 2 42 theme recombinant 518:528 arg1 enzymes 530:536 the recombinant enzymes 514:536 the recombinant enzymes 514:536 To identify its role in xylan hydrolysis, six expression plasmids were constructed encoding the N-terminal CBM plus the catalytic domain or different glycosyl hydrolases, and the biochemical properties of the recombinant enzymes were compared to the original structure of PX3 xylanase. 27702477 4 43 from 45°C 875:878 arg1 temperature 850:860 the optimal temperature 838:860 the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C 838:878 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 4 43 from 45°C 875:878 arg1 alteration 881:890 alteration 881:890 alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8 881:931 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 4 43 from 45°C 875:878 arg1 movement 826:833 movement 826:833 movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C 826:878 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 4 43 from 45°C 875:878 arg1 reduction 938:946 reduction 938:946 reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition 938:1011 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 4 43 from 45°C 875:878 arg1 decrement 789:797 a decrement 787:797 a decrement of 40% in thermostability 787:823 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 1 44 theme sequence 203:210 arg1 analysis 212:219 DNA sequence analysis 199:219 DNA sequence analysis 199:219 The model 3-D structure of xylanase KRICT PX3 (JF320814) identified by DNA sequence analysis revealed a catalytic domain and CBM4-9 which functions as a xylan binding domain (XBD). 27702477 0 45 theme cellulose-binding 26:42 arg1 domain 44:49 a novel cellulose-binding domain 18:49 a novel cellulose-binding domain within the endo-β-1,4-xylanase KRICT PX-3 from Paenibacillus terrae HPL-003 18:125 Identification of a novel cellulose-binding domain within the endo-β-1,4-xylanase KRICT PX-3 from Paenibacillus terrae HPL-003. 27702477 6 46 theme beech 1323:1327 arg1 wood 1329:1332 beech wood 1323:1332 beech wood 1323:1332 Analysis of the main products released from xylan indicate that the recombinant enzymes act as endo-1,4-β-xylanases but differ in their hydrolysis of xylan from beech wood, birch wood, and oat spelt. 27702477 4 47 theme enzymatic 955:963 arg1 activity 965:972 the enzymatic activity 951:972 the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition 951:1011 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 4 48 from decrement 789:797 arg1 45°C 875:878 45°C 875:878 45°C 875:878 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 4 48 from decrement 789:797 arg1 6-8 929:931 6-8 929:931 6-8 929:931 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 4 48 from decrement 789:797 arg1 thermostability 809:823 thermostability 809:823 thermostability 809:823 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 5 49 from XBD 1041:1043 arg1 PX3 1048:1050 PX3 1048:1050 PX3 1048:1050 The putative XBD in PX3 comprises a new N-terminal domain homologous to the catalytic thermostabilizing domains from other xylanases. 27702477 5 50 theme new 1064:1066 arg1 domain 1079:1084 a new N-terminal domain 1062:1084 a new N-terminal domain homologous to the catalytic thermostabilizing domains from other xylanases 1062:1159 The putative XBD in PX3 comprises a new N-terminal domain homologous to the catalytic thermostabilizing domains from other xylanases. 27702477 2 51 theme original 559:566 arg1 structure 568:576 the original structure 555:576 the original structure of PX3 xylanase 555:592 To identify its role in xylan hydrolysis, six expression plasmids were constructed encoding the N-terminal CBM plus the catalytic domain or different glycosyl hydrolases, and the biochemical properties of the recombinant enzymes were compared to the original structure of PX3 xylanase. 27702477 3 52 theme recombinant 610:620 arg1 xylanases 622:630 the recombinant xylanases 606:630 the recombinant xylanases with the addition of CBM in the pIVEX-GST expression vector 606:690 All six of the recombinant xylanases with the addition of CBM in the pIVEX-GST expression vector showed no improved PX3 hydrolytic activity. 27702477 6 53 theme recombinant 1230:1240 arg1 enzymes 1242:1248 the recombinant enzymes 1226:1248 the recombinant enzymes 1226:1248 Analysis of the main products released from xylan indicate that the recombinant enzymes act as endo-1,4-β-xylanases but differ in their hydrolysis of xylan from beech wood, birch wood, and oat spelt. 27702477 2 54 theme catalytic 429:437 arg1 domain 439:444 the catalytic domain 425:444 the catalytic domain 425:444 To identify its role in xylan hydrolysis, six expression plasmids were constructed encoding the N-terminal CBM plus the catalytic domain or different glycosyl hydrolases, and the biochemical properties of the recombinant enzymes were compared to the original structure of PX3 xylanase. 27702477 4 55 theme optimal 842:848 arg1 temperature 850:860 the optimal temperature 838:860 the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C 838:878 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 4 56 from movement 826:833 arg1 45°C 875:878 45°C 875:878 45°C 875:878 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 4 56 from movement 826:833 arg1 6-8 929:931 6-8 929:931 6-8 929:931 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 4 56 from movement 826:833 arg1 thermostability 809:823 thermostability 809:823 thermostability 809:823 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 4 57 theme pH 907:908 arg1 range 910:914 the optimal pH range 895:914 the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8 895:931 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 1 58 theme model 132:136 arg1 structure 142:150 The model 3-D structure 128:150 The model 3-D structure of xylanase KRICT PX3 (JF320814) identified by DNA sequence analysis 128:219 The model 3-D structure of xylanase KRICT PX3 (JF320814) identified by DNA sequence analysis revealed a catalytic domain and CBM4-9 which functions as a xylan binding domain (XBD). 27702477 4 59 theme optimal 899:905 arg1 range 910:914 the optimal pH range 895:914 the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8 895:931 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 5 60 from xylanases 1151:1159 arg1 domains 1132:1138 the catalytic thermostabilizing domains 1100:1138 the catalytic thermostabilizing domains from other xylanases 1100:1159 The putative XBD in PX3 comprises a new N-terminal domain homologous to the catalytic thermostabilizing domains from other xylanases. 27702477 3 61 theme CBM 653:655 arg1 addition 641:648 the addition 637:648 the addition of CBM in the pIVEX-GST expression vector 637:690 All six of the recombinant xylanases with the addition of CBM in the pIVEX-GST expression vector showed no improved PX3 hydrolytic activity. 27702477 1 62 theme 3-D 138:140 arg1 structure 142:150 The model 3-D structure 128:150 The model 3-D structure of xylanase KRICT PX3 (JF320814) identified by DNA sequence analysis 128:219 The model 3-D structure of xylanase KRICT PX3 (JF320814) identified by DNA sequence analysis revealed a catalytic domain and CBM4-9 which functions as a xylan binding domain (XBD). 27702477 4 63 theme same 998:1001 arg1 condition 1003:1011 the same condition 994:1011 the same condition 994:1011 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 4 64 theme temperature 850:860 arg1 alteration 881:890 alteration 881:890 alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8 881:931 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 4 64 theme temperature 850:860 arg1 movement 826:833 movement 826:833 movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C 826:878 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 4 64 theme temperature 850:860 arg1 reduction 938:946 reduction 938:946 reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition 938:1011 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 4 64 theme temperature 850:860 arg1 decrement 789:797 a decrement 787:797 a decrement of 40% in thermostability 787:823 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 0 65 from terrae 112:117 arg1 PX-3 88:91 the endo-β-1,4-xylanase KRICT PX-3 58:91 the endo-β-1,4-xylanase KRICT PX-3 from Paenibacillus terrae HPL-003 58:125 Identification of a novel cellulose-binding domain within the endo-β-1,4-xylanase KRICT PX-3 from Paenibacillus terrae HPL-003. 27702477 1 66 theme xylanase 155:162 arg1 JF320814 175:182 JF320814 175:182 JF320814 175:182 The model 3-D structure of xylanase KRICT PX3 (JF320814) identified by DNA sequence analysis revealed a catalytic domain and CBM4-9 which functions as a xylan binding domain (XBD). 27702477 1 66 theme xylanase 155:162 arg1 PX3 170:172 xylanase KRICT PX3 155:172 xylanase KRICT PX3 (JF320814) identified by DNA sequence analysis 155:219 The model 3-D structure of xylanase KRICT PX3 (JF320814) identified by DNA sequence analysis revealed a catalytic domain and CBM4-9 which functions as a xylan binding domain (XBD). 27702477 3 67 from CBM 653:655 arg1 vector 685:690 the pIVEX-GST expression vector 660:690 the pIVEX-GST expression vector 660:690 All six of the recombinant xylanases with the addition of CBM in the pIVEX-GST expression vector showed no improved PX3 hydrolytic activity. 27702477 0 68 theme KRICT 82:86 arg1 PX-3 88:91 the endo-β-1,4-xylanase KRICT PX-3 58:91 the endo-β-1,4-xylanase KRICT PX-3 from Paenibacillus terrae HPL-003 58:125 Identification of a novel cellulose-binding domain within the endo-β-1,4-xylanase KRICT PX-3 from Paenibacillus terrae HPL-003. 27702477 6 69 theme oat 1351:1353 arg1 spelt 1355:1359 oat spelt 1351:1359 oat spelt 1351:1359 Analysis of the main products released from xylan indicate that the recombinant enzymes act as endo-1,4-β-xylanases but differ in their hydrolysis of xylan from beech wood, birch wood, and oat spelt. 27702477 4 70 theme domain 768:773 arg1 absence 749:755 the absence 745:755 the absence of the CBM domain 745:773 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 1 71 theme catalytic 232:240 arg1 CBM4-9 253:258 CBM4-9 253:258 CBM4-9 253:258 The model 3-D structure of xylanase KRICT PX3 (JF320814) identified by DNA sequence analysis revealed a catalytic domain and CBM4-9 which functions as a xylan binding domain (XBD). 27702477 1 71 theme catalytic 232:240 arg1 domain 242:247 a catalytic domain 230:247 a catalytic domain 230:247 The model 3-D structure of xylanase KRICT PX3 (JF320814) identified by DNA sequence analysis revealed a catalytic domain and CBM4-9 which functions as a xylan binding domain (XBD). 27702477 1 71 theme catalytic 232:240 arg1 domain 295:300 a xylan binding domain 279:300 a xylan binding domain (XBD) 279:306 The model 3-D structure of xylanase KRICT PX3 (JF320814) identified by DNA sequence analysis revealed a catalytic domain and CBM4-9 which functions as a xylan binding domain (XBD). 27702477 0 72 theme endo-β-1,4-xylanase 62:80 arg1 PX-3 88:91 the endo-β-1,4-xylanase KRICT PX-3 58:91 the endo-β-1,4-xylanase KRICT PX-3 from Paenibacillus terrae HPL-003 58:125 Identification of a novel cellulose-binding domain within the endo-β-1,4-xylanase KRICT PX-3 from Paenibacillus terrae HPL-003. 27702477 3 73 theme pIVEX-GST 664:672 arg1 vector 685:690 the pIVEX-GST expression vector 660:690 the pIVEX-GST expression vector 660:690 All six of the recombinant xylanases with the addition of CBM in the pIVEX-GST expression vector showed no improved PX3 hydrolytic activity. 27702477 4 74 theme CBM 764:766 arg1 domain 768:773 the CBM domain 760:773 the CBM domain 760:773 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 27702477 3 75 theme expression 674:683 arg1 vector 685:690 the pIVEX-GST expression vector 660:690 the pIVEX-GST expression vector 660:690 All six of the recombinant xylanases with the addition of CBM in the pIVEX-GST expression vector showed no improved PX3 hydrolytic activity. 27702477 2 76 theme xylan 333:337 arg1 hydrolysis 339:348 xylan hydrolysis 333:348 xylan hydrolysis 333:348 To identify its role in xylan hydrolysis, six expression plasmids were constructed encoding the N-terminal CBM plus the catalytic domain or different glycosyl hydrolases, and the biochemical properties of the recombinant enzymes were compared to the original structure of PX3 xylanase. 27702477 4 77 dep 45°C 875:878 arg1 to 872:873 to 872:873 to 872:873 However, the absence of the CBM domain resulted in a decrement of 40% in thermostability, movement of the optimal temperature from 55°C to 45°C, alteration of the optimal pH range from 5-10 to 6-8, and reduction of the enzymatic activity to one-second under the same condition, respectively. 24751261 9 0 from present 1134:1140 arg1 beads 1149:1153 the beads 1145:1153 the beads 1145:1153 The sorption properties of the beads were attributed to the TiO2 component present in the beads, while the crosslinked chitosan provided strong matrix and influenced the formation of much needed stable spherical beads suitable for real life large scale applications. 24751261 1 1 from levels 145:150 arg1 problem 168:174 a difficult problem 156:174 a difficult problem faced by nuclear power plants all over the world 156:223 Removal of radioactive antimony, especially at low levels, is a difficult problem faced by nuclear power plants all over the world. 24751261 1 1 from levels 145:150 arg1 Removal 94:100 Removal 94:100 Removal 94:100 Removal of radioactive antimony, especially at low levels, is a difficult problem faced by nuclear power plants all over the world. 24751261 9 2 attach present 1134:1140 arg2 component 1124:1132 the TiO2 component 1115:1132 the TiO2 component present in the beads 1115:1153 The sorption properties of the beads were attributed to the TiO2 component present in the beads, while the crosslinked chitosan provided strong matrix and influenced the formation of much needed stable spherical beads suitable for real life large scale applications. 24751261 9 2 attach present 1134:1140 arg1 beads 1149:1153 the beads 1145:1153 the beads 1145:1153 The sorption properties of the beads were attributed to the TiO2 component present in the beads, while the crosslinked chitosan provided strong matrix and influenced the formation of much needed stable spherical beads suitable for real life large scale applications. 24751261 9 3 theme real 1290:1293 arg1 applications 1312:1323 real life large scale applications 1290:1323 real life large scale applications 1290:1323 The sorption properties of the beads were attributed to the TiO2 component present in the beads, while the crosslinked chitosan provided strong matrix and influenced the formation of much needed stable spherical beads suitable for real life large scale applications. 24751261 5 4 from incorporation 687:699 arg1 matrix 730:735 the chitosan matrix 717:735 the chitosan matrix 717:735 Raman spectra of the beads confirmed the incorporation of nano-TiO2 in the chitosan matrix. 24751261 10 5 theme high 1346:1349 arg1 efficiency 1360:1369 high sorption efficiency 1346:1369 high sorption efficiency 1346:1369 The beads exhibited high sorption efficiency in the column mode, and were found to be physically stable at a flow rate of one bed volume per minute. 24751261 8 6 from sorbent 1003:1009 arg1 +3 1031:1032 +3 1031:1032 +3 1031:1032 The beads have been shown to be effective sorbent of antimony in both +3 and +5 oxidation states. 24751261 8 6 from sorbent 1003:1009 arg1 +5 1038:1039 +5 1038:1039 +5 1038:1039 The beads have been shown to be effective sorbent of antimony in both +3 and +5 oxidation states. 24751261 9 7 theme life 1295:1298 arg1 applications 1312:1323 real life large scale applications 1290:1323 real life large scale applications 1290:1323 The sorption properties of the beads were attributed to the TiO2 component present in the beads, while the crosslinked chitosan provided strong matrix and influenced the formation of much needed stable spherical beads suitable for real life large scale applications. 24751261 6 8 from solutions 803:811 arg1 sorption 769:776 complete sorption 760:776 complete sorption of antimony from aqueous solutions 760:811 The sorbent exhibited complete sorption of antimony from aqueous solutions with antimony concentrations ranging from as low as 150 ppb to as high as 120 ppm. 24751261 9 9 theme crosslinked 1166:1176 arg1 chitosan 1178:1185 the crosslinked chitosan 1162:1185 the crosslinked chitosan 1162:1185 The sorption properties of the beads were attributed to the TiO2 component present in the beads, while the crosslinked chitosan provided strong matrix and influenced the formation of much needed stable spherical beads suitable for real life large scale applications. 24751261 9 10 theme sorption 1063:1070 arg1 properties 1072:1081 The sorption properties 1059:1081 The sorption properties of the beads 1059:1094 The sorption properties of the beads were attributed to the TiO2 component present in the beads, while the crosslinked chitosan provided strong matrix and influenced the formation of much needed stable spherical beads suitable for real life large scale applications. 24751261 3 11 theme inorganic 470:478 arg1 sorbents 480:487 inorganic sorbents 470:487 inorganic sorbents such as titania on crosslinking 470:519 Chitosan, a biopolymer well known for its sorption properties, can also serve as a stable matrix for inorganic sorbents such as titania on crosslinking. 24751261 3 11 theme inorganic 470:478 arg1 titania 497:503 titania 497:503 titania on crosslinking 497:519 Chitosan, a biopolymer well known for its sorption properties, can also serve as a stable matrix for inorganic sorbents such as titania on crosslinking. 24751261 4 12 theme robust 524:529 arg1 sorbent 547:553 A robust high performing sorbent 522:553 A robust high performing sorbent 522:553 A robust high performing sorbent for antimony, in the form of stable beads, has been prepared using nano-TiO2 and chitosan. 24751261 5 13 theme Raman 646:650 arg1 spectra 652:658 Raman spectra 646:658 Raman spectra of the beads 646:671 Raman spectra of the beads confirmed the incorporation of nano-TiO2 in the chitosan matrix. 24751261 6 14 theme antimony 818:825 arg1 concentrations 827:840 antimony concentrations 818:840 antimony concentrations ranging from as low as 150 ppb to as high as 120 ppm 818:893 The sorbent exhibited complete sorption of antimony from aqueous solutions with antimony concentrations ranging from as low as 150 ppb to as high as 120 ppm. 24751261 10 15 theme bed 1452:1454 arg1 volume 1456:1461 one bed volume 1448:1461 one bed volume 1448:1461 The beads exhibited high sorption efficiency in the column mode, and were found to be physically stable at a flow rate of one bed volume per minute. 24751261 9 16 theme scale 1306:1310 arg1 applications 1312:1323 real life large scale applications 1290:1323 real life large scale applications 1290:1323 The sorption properties of the beads were attributed to the TiO2 component present in the beads, while the crosslinked chitosan provided strong matrix and influenced the formation of much needed stable spherical beads suitable for real life large scale applications. 24751261 10 17 theme volume 1456:1461 arg1 rate 1440:1443 a flow rate 1433:1443 a flow rate of one bed volume per minute 1433:1472 The beads exhibited high sorption efficiency in the column mode, and were found to be physically stable at a flow rate of one bed volume per minute. 24751261 10 18 from rate 1440:1443 arg1 beads 1330:1334 The beads 1326:1334 The beads 1326:1334 The beads exhibited high sorption efficiency in the column mode, and were found to be physically stable at a flow rate of one bed volume per minute. 24751261 10 18 from rate 1440:1443 arg1 stable 1423:1428 stable 1423:1428 stable 1423:1428 The beads exhibited high sorption efficiency in the column mode, and were found to be physically stable at a flow rate of one bed volume per minute. 24751261 3 19 theme sorption 411:418 arg1 properties 420:429 its sorption properties 407:429 its sorption properties 407:429 Chitosan, a biopolymer well known for its sorption properties, can also serve as a stable matrix for inorganic sorbents such as titania on crosslinking. 24751261 1 20 theme low 141:143 arg1 levels 145:150 low levels 141:150 low levels 141:150 Removal of radioactive antimony, especially at low levels, is a difficult problem faced by nuclear power plants all over the world. 24751261 9 21 theme strong 1196:1201 arg1 matrix 1203:1208 strong matrix 1196:1208 strong matrix 1196:1208 The sorption properties of the beads were attributed to the TiO2 component present in the beads, while the crosslinked chitosan provided strong matrix and influenced the formation of much needed stable spherical beads suitable for real life large scale applications. 24751261 8 22 dep +3 1031:1032 arg1 states 1051:1056 oxidation states 1041:1056 oxidation states 1041:1056 The beads have been shown to be effective sorbent of antimony in both +3 and +5 oxidation states. 24751261 4 23 theme high 531:534 arg1 sorbent 547:553 A robust high performing sorbent 522:553 A robust high performing sorbent 522:553 A robust high performing sorbent for antimony, in the form of stable beads, has been prepared using nano-TiO2 and chitosan. 24751261 2 24 theme European 325:332 arg1 agencies 359:366 the European environmental protection agencies 321:366 the European environmental protection agencies 321:366 Further, antimony is classified as a pollutant of priority importance by the United States and the European environmental protection agencies. 24751261 9 25 dep needed 1247:1252 arg1 stable 1254:1259 stable 1254:1259 stable 1254:1259 The sorption properties of the beads were attributed to the TiO2 component present in the beads, while the crosslinked chitosan provided strong matrix and influenced the formation of much needed stable spherical beads suitable for real life large scale applications. 24751261 6 26 theme aqueous 795:801 arg1 solutions 803:811 aqueous solutions 795:811 aqueous solutions 795:811 The sorbent exhibited complete sorption of antimony from aqueous solutions with antimony concentrations ranging from as low as 150 ppb to as high as 120 ppm. 24751261 10 27 theme flow 1435:1438 arg1 rate 1440:1443 a flow rate 1433:1443 a flow rate of one bed volume per minute 1433:1472 The beads exhibited high sorption efficiency in the column mode, and were found to be physically stable at a flow rate of one bed volume per minute. 24751261 9 28 theme beads 1090:1094 arg1 properties 1072:1081 The sorption properties 1059:1081 The sorption properties of the beads 1059:1094 The sorption properties of the beads were attributed to the TiO2 component present in the beads, while the crosslinked chitosan provided strong matrix and influenced the formation of much needed stable spherical beads suitable for real life large scale applications. 24751261 4 29 theme beads 591:595 arg1 form 576:579 the form 572:579 the form of stable beads 572:595 A robust high performing sorbent for antimony, in the form of stable beads, has been prepared using nano-TiO2 and chitosan. 24751261 0 30 theme Nano-titania-crosslinked 0:23 arg1 chitosan 25:32 Nano-titania-crosslinked chitosan 0:32 Nano-titania-crosslinked chitosan 0:32 Nano-titania-crosslinked chitosan composite as a superior sorbent for antimony (III) and (V). 24751261 9 31 theme large 1300:1304 arg1 applications 1312:1323 real life large scale applications 1290:1323 real life large scale applications 1290:1323 The sorption properties of the beads were attributed to the TiO2 component present in the beads, while the crosslinked chitosan provided strong matrix and influenced the formation of much needed stable spherical beads suitable for real life large scale applications. 24751261 9 32 theme present 1134:1140 arg1 component 1124:1132 the TiO2 component 1115:1132 the TiO2 component present in the beads 1115:1153 The sorption properties of the beads were attributed to the TiO2 component present in the beads, while the crosslinked chitosan provided strong matrix and influenced the formation of much needed stable spherical beads suitable for real life large scale applications. 24751261 4 33 theme stable 584:589 arg1 beads 591:595 stable beads 584:595 stable beads 584:595 A robust high performing sorbent for antimony, in the form of stable beads, has been prepared using nano-TiO2 and chitosan. 24751261 5 34 theme chitosan 721:728 arg1 matrix 730:735 the chitosan matrix 717:735 the chitosan matrix 717:735 Raman spectra of the beads confirmed the incorporation of nano-TiO2 in the chitosan matrix. 24751261 0 35 link Nano-titania-crosslinked 0:23 arg1 chitosan 25:32 Nano-titania-crosslinked chitosan 0:32 Nano-titania-crosslinked chitosan 0:32 Nano-titania-crosslinked chitosan composite as a superior sorbent for antimony (III) and (V). 24751261 9 36 link crosslinked 1166:1176 arg1 chitosan 1178:1185 the crosslinked chitosan 1162:1185 the crosslinked chitosan 1162:1185 The sorption properties of the beads were attributed to the TiO2 component present in the beads, while the crosslinked chitosan provided strong matrix and influenced the formation of much needed stable spherical beads suitable for real life large scale applications. 24751261 10 37 theme column 1378:1383 arg1 mode 1385:1388 the column mode 1374:1388 the column mode 1374:1388 The beads exhibited high sorption efficiency in the column mode, and were found to be physically stable at a flow rate of one bed volume per minute. 24751261 1 38 theme difficult 158:166 arg1 problem 168:174 a difficult problem 156:174 a difficult problem faced by nuclear power plants all over the world 156:223 Removal of radioactive antimony, especially at low levels, is a difficult problem faced by nuclear power plants all over the world. 24751261 1 38 theme difficult 158:166 arg1 Removal 94:100 Removal 94:100 Removal 94:100 Removal of radioactive antimony, especially at low levels, is a difficult problem faced by nuclear power plants all over the world. 24751261 0 39 theme superior 49:56 arg1 sorbent 58:64 a superior sorbent 47:64 a superior sorbent for antimony (III) and (V) 47:91 Nano-titania-crosslinked chitosan composite as a superior sorbent for antimony (III) and (V). 24751261 6 40 theme antimony 781:788 arg1 sorption 769:776 complete sorption 760:776 complete sorption of antimony from aqueous solutions 760:811 The sorbent exhibited complete sorption of antimony from aqueous solutions with antimony concentrations ranging from as low as 150 ppb to as high as 120 ppm. 24751261 7 41 from dependence 909:918 arg1 pH 935:936 equilibrium pH 923:936 equilibrium pH 923:936 The sorption dependence on equilibrium pH has been investigated. 24751261 2 42 theme environmental 334:346 arg1 agencies 359:366 the European environmental protection agencies 321:366 the European environmental protection agencies 321:366 Further, antimony is classified as a pollutant of priority importance by the United States and the European environmental protection agencies. 24751261 9 43 theme TiO2 1119:1122 arg1 component 1124:1132 the TiO2 component 1115:1132 the TiO2 component present in the beads 1115:1153 The sorption properties of the beads were attributed to the TiO2 component present in the beads, while the crosslinked chitosan provided strong matrix and influenced the formation of much needed stable spherical beads suitable for real life large scale applications. 24751261 9 44 theme suitable 1277:1284 arg1 beads 1271:1275 much needed stable spherical beads 1242:1275 much needed stable spherical beads suitable for real life large scale applications 1242:1323 The sorption properties of the beads were attributed to the TiO2 component present in the beads, while the crosslinked chitosan provided strong matrix and influenced the formation of much needed stable spherical beads suitable for real life large scale applications. 24751261 2 45 theme protection 348:357 arg1 agencies 359:366 the European environmental protection agencies 321:366 the European environmental protection agencies 321:366 Further, antimony is classified as a pollutant of priority importance by the United States and the European environmental protection agencies. 24751261 5 46 theme nano-TiO2 704:712 arg1 incorporation 687:699 the incorporation 683:699 the incorporation of nano-TiO2 in the chitosan matrix 683:735 Raman spectra of the beads confirmed the incorporation of nano-TiO2 in the chitosan matrix. 24751261 8 47 theme oxidation 1041:1049 arg1 states 1051:1056 oxidation states 1041:1056 oxidation states 1041:1056 The beads have been shown to be effective sorbent of antimony in both +3 and +5 oxidation states. 24751261 5 48 theme beads 667:671 arg1 spectra 652:658 Raman spectra 646:658 Raman spectra of the beads 646:671 Raman spectra of the beads confirmed the incorporation of nano-TiO2 in the chitosan matrix. 24751261 7 49 theme equilibrium 923:933 arg1 pH 935:936 equilibrium pH 923:936 equilibrium pH 923:936 The sorption dependence on equilibrium pH has been investigated. 24751261 2 50 theme importance 285:294 arg1 pollutant 263:271 a pollutant 261:271 a pollutant of priority importance 261:294 Further, antimony is classified as a pollutant of priority importance by the United States and the European environmental protection agencies. 24751261 2 50 theme importance 285:294 arg1 antimony 235:242 antimony 235:242 antimony 235:242 Further, antimony is classified as a pollutant of priority importance by the United States and the European environmental protection agencies. 24751261 2 51 theme United 303:308 arg1 States 310:315 the United States 299:315 the United States 299:315 Further, antimony is classified as a pollutant of priority importance by the United States and the European environmental protection agencies. 24751261 9 52 theme needed 1247:1252 arg1 beads 1271:1275 much needed stable spherical beads 1242:1275 much needed stable spherical beads suitable for real life large scale applications 1242:1323 The sorption properties of the beads were attributed to the TiO2 component present in the beads, while the crosslinked chitosan provided strong matrix and influenced the formation of much needed stable spherical beads suitable for real life large scale applications. 24751261 8 53 theme effective 993:1001 arg1 sorbent 1003:1009 effective sorbent 993:1009 effective sorbent of antimony in both +3 and +5 oxidation states 993:1056 The beads have been shown to be effective sorbent of antimony in both +3 and +5 oxidation states. 24751261 8 53 theme effective 993:1001 arg1 beads 965:969 The beads 961:969 The beads 961:969 The beads have been shown to be effective sorbent of antimony in both +3 and +5 oxidation states. 24751261 6 54 theme complete 760:767 arg1 sorption 769:776 complete sorption 760:776 complete sorption of antimony from aqueous solutions 760:811 The sorbent exhibited complete sorption of antimony from aqueous solutions with antimony concentrations ranging from as low as 150 ppb to as high as 120 ppm. 24751261 10 55 theme sorption 1351:1358 arg1 efficiency 1360:1369 high sorption efficiency 1346:1369 high sorption efficiency 1346:1369 The beads exhibited high sorption efficiency in the column mode, and were found to be physically stable at a flow rate of one bed volume per minute. 24751261 7 56 theme sorption 900:907 arg1 dependence 909:918 The sorption dependence 896:918 The sorption dependence on equilibrium pH 896:936 The sorption dependence on equilibrium pH has been investigated. 24751261 2 57 theme priority 276:283 arg1 importance 285:294 priority importance 276:294 priority importance 276:294 Further, antimony is classified as a pollutant of priority importance by the United States and the European environmental protection agencies. 24751261 8 58 theme antimony 1014:1021 arg1 sorbent 1003:1009 effective sorbent 993:1009 effective sorbent of antimony in both +3 and +5 oxidation states 993:1056 The beads have been shown to be effective sorbent of antimony in both +3 and +5 oxidation states. 24751261 8 58 theme antimony 1014:1021 arg1 beads 965:969 The beads 961:969 The beads 961:969 The beads have been shown to be effective sorbent of antimony in both +3 and +5 oxidation states. 24751261 9 59 theme spherical 1261:1269 arg1 beads 1271:1275 much needed stable spherical beads 1242:1275 much needed stable spherical beads suitable for real life large scale applications 1242:1323 The sorption properties of the beads were attributed to the TiO2 component present in the beads, while the crosslinked chitosan provided strong matrix and influenced the formation of much needed stable spherical beads suitable for real life large scale applications. 24751261 4 60 theme performing 536:545 arg1 sorbent 547:553 A robust high performing sorbent 522:553 A robust high performing sorbent 522:553 A robust high performing sorbent for antimony, in the form of stable beads, has been prepared using nano-TiO2 and chitosan. 24751261 9 61 theme beads 1271:1275 arg1 formation 1229:1237 the formation 1225:1237 the formation of much needed stable spherical beads suitable for real life large scale applications 1225:1323 The sorption properties of the beads were attributed to the TiO2 component present in the beads, while the crosslinked chitosan provided strong matrix and influenced the formation of much needed stable spherical beads suitable for real life large scale applications. 24751261 1 62 theme radioactive 105:115 arg1 antimony 117:124 radioactive antimony 105:124 radioactive antimony 105:124 Removal of radioactive antimony, especially at low levels, is a difficult problem faced by nuclear power plants all over the world. 24751261 3 63 from titania 497:503 arg1 crosslinking 508:519 crosslinking 508:519 crosslinking 508:519 Chitosan, a biopolymer well known for its sorption properties, can also serve as a stable matrix for inorganic sorbents such as titania on crosslinking. 24751261 1 64 theme nuclear 185:191 arg1 all 206:208 nuclear power plants all 185:208 nuclear power plants all over the world 185:223 Removal of radioactive antimony, especially at low levels, is a difficult problem faced by nuclear power plants all over the world. 24751261 1 65 theme antimony 117:124 arg1 problem 168:174 a difficult problem 156:174 a difficult problem faced by nuclear power plants all over the world 156:223 Removal of radioactive antimony, especially at low levels, is a difficult problem faced by nuclear power plants all over the world. 24751261 1 65 theme antimony 117:124 arg1 Removal 94:100 Removal 94:100 Removal 94:100 Removal of radioactive antimony, especially at low levels, is a difficult problem faced by nuclear power plants all over the world. 24751261 1 66 theme power 193:197 arg1 all 206:208 nuclear power plants all 185:208 nuclear power plants all over the world 185:223 Removal of radioactive antimony, especially at low levels, is a difficult problem faced by nuclear power plants all over the world. 24751261 4 67 from sorbent 547:553 arg1 form 576:579 the form 572:579 the form of stable beads 572:595 A robust high performing sorbent for antimony, in the form of stable beads, has been prepared using nano-TiO2 and chitosan. 24751261 1 68 attach Removal 94:100 arg3 levels 145:150 low levels 141:150 low levels 141:150 Removal of radioactive antimony, especially at low levels, is a difficult problem faced by nuclear power plants all over the world. 24751261 1 68 attach Removal 94:100 arg2 antimony 117:124 radioactive antimony 105:124 radioactive antimony 105:124 Removal of radioactive antimony, especially at low levels, is a difficult problem faced by nuclear power plants all over the world. 24751261 9 69 from beads 1149:1153 arg1 present 1134:1140 present 1134:1140 present 1134:1140 The sorption properties of the beads were attributed to the TiO2 component present in the beads, while the crosslinked chitosan provided strong matrix and influenced the formation of much needed stable spherical beads suitable for real life large scale applications. 24751261 3 70 theme stable 452:457 arg1 matrix 459:464 a stable matrix 450:464 a stable matrix for inorganic sorbents such as titania on crosslinking 450:519 Chitosan, a biopolymer well known for its sorption properties, can also serve as a stable matrix for inorganic sorbents such as titania on crosslinking. 24751261 3 70 theme stable 452:457 arg1 Chitosan 369:376 Chitosan 369:376 Chitosan 369:376 Chitosan, a biopolymer well known for its sorption properties, can also serve as a stable matrix for inorganic sorbents such as titania on crosslinking. 24751261 1 71 theme plants 199:204 arg1 all 206:208 nuclear power plants all 185:208 nuclear power plants all over the world 185:223 Removal of radioactive antimony, especially at low levels, is a difficult problem faced by nuclear power plants all over the world. 26505306 1 0 theme membrane 350:357 arg1 vesicles 359:366 outer membrane vesicles 344:366 outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) 344:373 Klebsiella pneumoniae is a nosocomial pathogen which naturally secretes lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cell envelope associated proteins into the environment through the production of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). 26505306 1 0 theme membrane 350:357 arg1 OMVs 369:372 OMVs 369:372 OMVs 369:372 Klebsiella pneumoniae is a nosocomial pathogen which naturally secretes lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cell envelope associated proteins into the environment through the production of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). 26505306 4 1 theme source 831:836 arg1 membrane 853:860 the source cellular outer membrane 827:860 the source cellular outer membrane 827:860 As determined by LC-MS/MS, OMVs were highly enriched with outer membrane proteins involved in cell wall, membrane, and envelope biogenesis as compared to the source cellular outer membrane. 26505306 9 2 theme protein 1688:1694 arg1 composition 1696:1706 the protein composition 1684:1706 the protein composition of the outer membrane 1684:1728 These data support the hypothesis that modifications to LPS alters both the mechanics of protein sorting and the contents of secreted OMVs and significantly impacts the protein composition of the outer membrane. 26505306 6 3 from type 1202:1205 arg1 vesicles 1179:1186 secreted vesicles 1170:1186 secreted vesicles from the wild type 1170:1205 Additionally, loss of O antigen resulted in OMVs with increased numbers of proteins involved in post-translational modification, protein turnover, and chaperones as compared to secreted vesicles from the wild type. 26505306 3 4 from K. 658:659 arg1 membrane 626:633 the outer membrane 616:633 the outer membrane 616:633 Therefore, this study aimed to comprehensively analyze the impact of O antigen loss on the sub-proteomes of both the outer membrane and secreted OMVs from K. pneumoniae. 26505306 3 4 from K. 658:659 arg1 sub-proteomes 594:606 the sub-proteomes 590:606 the sub-proteomes of both the outer membrane and secreted OMVs from K. pneumoniae 590:670 Therefore, this study aimed to comprehensively analyze the impact of O antigen loss on the sub-proteomes of both the outer membrane and secreted OMVs from K. pneumoniae. 26505306 3 4 from K. 658:659 arg1 OMVs 648:651 secreted OMVs 639:651 secreted OMVs from K. pneumoniae 639:670 Therefore, this study aimed to comprehensively analyze the impact of O antigen loss on the sub-proteomes of both the outer membrane and secreted OMVs from K. pneumoniae. 26505306 1 5 theme vesicles 359:366 arg1 production 330:339 the production 326:339 the production of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) 326:373 Klebsiella pneumoniae is a nosocomial pathogen which naturally secretes lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cell envelope associated proteins into the environment through the production of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). 26505306 9 6 theme sorting 1616:1622 arg1 mechanics 1595:1603 the mechanics 1591:1603 the mechanics of protein sorting 1591:1622 These data support the hypothesis that modifications to LPS alters both the mechanics of protein sorting and the contents of secreted OMVs and significantly impacts the protein composition of the outer membrane. 26505306 9 6 theme sorting 1616:1622 arg1 contents 1632:1639 the contents 1628:1639 the contents of secreted OMVs 1628:1656 These data support the hypothesis that modifications to LPS alters both the mechanics of protein sorting and the contents of secreted OMVs and significantly impacts the protein composition of the outer membrane. 26505306 1 7 theme Klebsiella 162:171 arg1 pneumoniae 173:182 Klebsiella pneumoniae 162:182 Klebsiella pneumoniae 162:182 Klebsiella pneumoniae is a nosocomial pathogen which naturally secretes lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cell envelope associated proteins into the environment through the production of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). 26505306 1 7 theme Klebsiella 162:171 arg1 pathogen 200:207 a nosocomial pathogen 187:207 a nosocomial pathogen which naturally secretes lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cell envelope associated proteins into the environment through the production of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) 187:373 Klebsiella pneumoniae is a nosocomial pathogen which naturally secretes lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cell envelope associated proteins into the environment through the production of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). 26505306 1 8 theme cell 263:266 arg1 envelope 268:275 cell envelope 263:275 cell envelope 263:275 Klebsiella pneumoniae is a nosocomial pathogen which naturally secretes lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cell envelope associated proteins into the environment through the production of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). 26505306 0 9 theme selective 91:99 arg1 packaging 101:109 the selective packaging 87:109 the selective packaging of proteins into secreted outer membrane vesicles 87:159 Klebsiella pneumoniae O antigen loss alters the outer membrane protein composition and the selective packaging of proteins into secreted outer membrane vesicles. 26505306 8 10 theme selective 1456:1464 arg1 mechanism 1474:1482 a selective sorting mechanism 1454:1482 a selective sorting mechanism that involves LPS polysaccharides 1454:1516 This comprehensive analysis confirms the highly distinct protein composition of OMVs as compared to their source membrane, and provides evidence for a selective sorting mechanism that involves LPS polysaccharides. 26505306 4 11 theme outer 847:851 arg1 membrane 853:860 the source cellular outer membrane 827:860 the source cellular outer membrane 827:860 As determined by LC-MS/MS, OMVs were highly enriched with outer membrane proteins involved in cell wall, membrane, and envelope biogenesis as compared to the source cellular outer membrane. 26505306 4 12 theme envelope 792:799 arg1 biogenesis 801:810 envelope biogenesis 792:810 envelope biogenesis 792:810 As determined by LC-MS/MS, OMVs were highly enriched with outer membrane proteins involved in cell wall, membrane, and envelope biogenesis as compared to the source cellular outer membrane. 26505306 4 13 theme membrane 737:744 arg1 proteins 746:753 outer membrane proteins 731:753 outer membrane proteins involved in cell wall, membrane, and envelope biogenesis 731:810 As determined by LC-MS/MS, OMVs were highly enriched with outer membrane proteins involved in cell wall, membrane, and envelope biogenesis as compared to the source cellular outer membrane. 26505306 6 14 with OMVs 1037:1040 arg1 numbers 1057:1063 increased numbers 1047:1063 increased numbers of proteins involved in post-translational modification, protein turnover, and chaperones 1047:1153 Additionally, loss of O antigen resulted in OMVs with increased numbers of proteins involved in post-translational modification, protein turnover, and chaperones as compared to secreted vesicles from the wild type. 26505306 4 15 theme cellular 838:845 arg1 membrane 853:860 the source cellular outer membrane 827:860 the source cellular outer membrane 827:860 As determined by LC-MS/MS, OMVs were highly enriched with outer membrane proteins involved in cell wall, membrane, and envelope biogenesis as compared to the source cellular outer membrane. 26505306 4 16 theme outer 731:735 arg1 proteins 746:753 outer membrane proteins 731:753 outer membrane proteins involved in cell wall, membrane, and envelope biogenesis 731:810 As determined by LC-MS/MS, OMVs were highly enriched with outer membrane proteins involved in cell wall, membrane, and envelope biogenesis as compared to the source cellular outer membrane. 26505306 1 17 theme associated 277:286 arg1 proteins 288:295 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cell envelope associated proteins 234:295 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cell envelope associated proteins 234:295 Klebsiella pneumoniae is a nosocomial pathogen which naturally secretes lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cell envelope associated proteins into the environment through the production of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). 26505306 7 18 theme OMV 1227:1229 arg1 composition 1231:1241 OMV composition 1227:1241 OMV composition 1227:1241 This alteration of OMV composition may be a compensatory mechanism to deal with envelope stress. 26505306 3 19 from sub-proteomes 594:606 arg1 K. 658:659 K. 658:659 K. 658:659 Therefore, this study aimed to comprehensively analyze the impact of O antigen loss on the sub-proteomes of both the outer membrane and secreted OMVs from K. pneumoniae. 26505306 2 20 theme LPS 392:394 arg1 antigen 398:404 the LPS O antigen 388:404 the LPS O antigen 388:404 The loss of the LPS O antigen has been demonstrated in other bacterial species to significantly alter the composition of OMVs. 26505306 8 21 theme LPS 1498:1500 arg1 polysaccharides 1502:1516 LPS polysaccharides 1498:1516 LPS polysaccharides 1498:1516 This comprehensive analysis confirms the highly distinct protein composition of OMVs as compared to their source membrane, and provides evidence for a selective sorting mechanism that involves LPS polysaccharides. 26505306 2 22 theme other 431:435 arg1 species 447:453 other bacterial species 431:453 other bacterial species 431:453 The loss of the LPS O antigen has been demonstrated in other bacterial species to significantly alter the composition of OMVs. 26505306 6 23 theme antigen 1017:1023 arg1 loss 1007:1010 loss 1007:1010 loss of O antigen 1007:1023 Additionally, loss of O antigen resulted in OMVs with increased numbers of proteins involved in post-translational modification, protein turnover, and chaperones as compared to secreted vesicles from the wild type. 26505306 2 24 theme bacterial 437:445 arg1 species 447:453 other bacterial species 431:453 other bacterial species 431:453 The loss of the LPS O antigen has been demonstrated in other bacterial species to significantly alter the composition of OMVs. 26505306 9 25 theme secreted 1644:1651 arg1 OMVs 1653:1656 secreted OMVs 1644:1656 secreted OMVs 1644:1656 These data support the hypothesis that modifications to LPS alters both the mechanics of protein sorting and the contents of secreted OMVs and significantly impacts the protein composition of the outer membrane. 26505306 2 26 theme OMVs 497:500 arg1 composition 482:492 the composition 478:492 the composition of OMVs 478:500 The loss of the LPS O antigen has been demonstrated in other bacterial species to significantly alter the composition of OMVs. 26505306 5 27 theme responsible 892:902 arg1 wbbO 875:878 wbbO 875:878 wbbO 875:878 Deletion of wbbO, the enzyme responsible for O antigen attachment to LPS, decreased but did not eliminate this enrichment effect. 26505306 5 27 theme responsible 892:902 arg1 enzyme 885:890 the enzyme 881:890 the enzyme responsible for O antigen attachment to LPS 881:934 Deletion of wbbO, the enzyme responsible for O antigen attachment to LPS, decreased but did not eliminate this enrichment effect. 26505306 6 28 theme O 1015:1015 arg1 antigen 1017:1023 O antigen 1015:1023 O antigen 1015:1023 Additionally, loss of O antigen resulted in OMVs with increased numbers of proteins involved in post-translational modification, protein turnover, and chaperones as compared to secreted vesicles from the wild type. 26505306 0 29 theme Klebsiella 0:9 arg1 O 22:22 Klebsiella pneumoniae O 0:22 Klebsiella pneumoniae O antigen loss 0:35 Klebsiella pneumoniae O antigen loss alters the outer membrane protein composition and the selective packaging of proteins into secreted outer membrane vesicles. 26505306 6 30 theme wild 1197:1200 arg1 type 1202:1205 the wild type 1193:1205 the wild type 1193:1205 Additionally, loss of O antigen resulted in OMVs with increased numbers of proteins involved in post-translational modification, protein turnover, and chaperones as compared to secreted vesicles from the wild type. 26505306 9 31 theme membrane 1721:1728 arg1 composition 1696:1706 the protein composition 1684:1706 the protein composition of the outer membrane 1684:1728 These data support the hypothesis that modifications to LPS alters both the mechanics of protein sorting and the contents of secreted OMVs and significantly impacts the protein composition of the outer membrane. 26505306 8 32 theme comprehensive 1310:1322 arg1 analysis 1324:1331 This comprehensive analysis 1305:1331 This comprehensive analysis 1305:1331 This comprehensive analysis confirms the highly distinct protein composition of OMVs as compared to their source membrane, and provides evidence for a selective sorting mechanism that involves LPS polysaccharides. 26505306 1 33 theme nosocomial 189:198 arg1 pneumoniae 173:182 Klebsiella pneumoniae 162:182 Klebsiella pneumoniae 162:182 Klebsiella pneumoniae is a nosocomial pathogen which naturally secretes lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cell envelope associated proteins into the environment through the production of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). 26505306 1 33 theme nosocomial 189:198 arg1 pathogen 200:207 a nosocomial pathogen 187:207 a nosocomial pathogen which naturally secretes lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cell envelope associated proteins into the environment through the production of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) 187:373 Klebsiella pneumoniae is a nosocomial pathogen which naturally secretes lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cell envelope associated proteins into the environment through the production of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). 26505306 0 34 theme antigen 24:30 arg1 loss 32:35 Klebsiella pneumoniae O antigen loss 0:35 Klebsiella pneumoniae O antigen loss 0:35 Klebsiella pneumoniae O antigen loss alters the outer membrane protein composition and the selective packaging of proteins into secreted outer membrane vesicles. 26505306 8 35 theme source 1411:1416 arg1 membrane 1418:1425 their source membrane 1405:1425 their source membrane 1405:1425 This comprehensive analysis confirms the highly distinct protein composition of OMVs as compared to their source membrane, and provides evidence for a selective sorting mechanism that involves LPS polysaccharides. 26505306 6 36 theme secreted 1170:1177 arg1 vesicles 1179:1186 secreted vesicles 1170:1186 secreted vesicles from the wild type 1170:1205 Additionally, loss of O antigen resulted in OMVs with increased numbers of proteins involved in post-translational modification, protein turnover, and chaperones as compared to secreted vesicles from the wild type. 26505306 5 37 theme O 908:908 arg1 attachment 918:927 O antigen attachment 908:927 O antigen attachment to LPS 908:934 Deletion of wbbO, the enzyme responsible for O antigen attachment to LPS, decreased but did not eliminate this enrichment effect. 26505306 8 38 theme distinct 1353:1360 arg1 composition 1370:1380 the highly distinct protein composition 1342:1380 the highly distinct protein composition of OMVs 1342:1388 This comprehensive analysis confirms the highly distinct protein composition of OMVs as compared to their source membrane, and provides evidence for a selective sorting mechanism that involves LPS polysaccharides. 26505306 0 39 theme O 22:22 arg1 loss 32:35 Klebsiella pneumoniae O antigen loss 0:35 Klebsiella pneumoniae O antigen loss 0:35 Klebsiella pneumoniae O antigen loss alters the outer membrane protein composition and the selective packaging of proteins into secreted outer membrane vesicles. 26505306 0 40 theme proteins 114:121 arg1 composition 71:81 the outer membrane protein composition 44:81 the outer membrane protein composition 44:81 Klebsiella pneumoniae O antigen loss alters the outer membrane protein composition and the selective packaging of proteins into secreted outer membrane vesicles. 26505306 0 40 theme proteins 114:121 arg1 packaging 101:109 the selective packaging 87:109 the selective packaging of proteins into secreted outer membrane vesicles 87:159 Klebsiella pneumoniae O antigen loss alters the outer membrane protein composition and the selective packaging of proteins into secreted outer membrane vesicles. 26505306 3 41 theme membrane 626:633 arg1 sub-proteomes 594:606 the sub-proteomes 590:606 the sub-proteomes of both the outer membrane and secreted OMVs from K. pneumoniae 590:670 Therefore, this study aimed to comprehensively analyze the impact of O antigen loss on the sub-proteomes of both the outer membrane and secreted OMVs from K. pneumoniae. 26505306 5 42 theme antigen 910:916 arg1 attachment 918:927 O antigen attachment 908:927 O antigen attachment to LPS 908:934 Deletion of wbbO, the enzyme responsible for O antigen attachment to LPS, decreased but did not eliminate this enrichment effect. 26505306 5 43 theme enrichment 974:983 arg1 effect 985:990 this enrichment effect 969:990 this enrichment effect 969:990 Deletion of wbbO, the enzyme responsible for O antigen attachment to LPS, decreased but did not eliminate this enrichment effect. 26505306 7 44 theme compensatory 1252:1263 arg1 alteration 1213:1222 This alteration 1208:1222 This alteration of OMV composition 1208:1241 This alteration of OMV composition may be a compensatory mechanism to deal with envelope stress. 26505306 7 44 theme compensatory 1252:1263 arg1 mechanism 1265:1273 a compensatory mechanism 1250:1273 a compensatory mechanism to deal with envelope stress 1250:1302 This alteration of OMV composition may be a compensatory mechanism to deal with envelope stress. 26505306 7 45 theme composition 1231:1241 arg1 mechanism 1265:1273 a compensatory mechanism 1250:1273 a compensatory mechanism to deal with envelope stress 1250:1302 This alteration of OMV composition may be a compensatory mechanism to deal with envelope stress. 26505306 7 45 theme composition 1231:1241 arg1 alteration 1213:1222 This alteration 1208:1222 This alteration of OMV composition 1208:1241 This alteration of OMV composition may be a compensatory mechanism to deal with envelope stress. 26505306 0 46 theme outer 137:141 arg1 vesicles 152:159 secreted outer membrane vesicles 128:159 secreted outer membrane vesicles 128:159 Klebsiella pneumoniae O antigen loss alters the outer membrane protein composition and the selective packaging of proteins into secreted outer membrane vesicles. 26505306 9 47 theme OMVs 1653:1656 arg1 mechanics 1595:1603 the mechanics 1591:1603 the mechanics of protein sorting 1591:1622 These data support the hypothesis that modifications to LPS alters both the mechanics of protein sorting and the contents of secreted OMVs and significantly impacts the protein composition of the outer membrane. 26505306 9 47 theme OMVs 1653:1656 arg1 contents 1632:1639 the contents 1628:1639 the contents of secreted OMVs 1628:1656 These data support the hypothesis that modifications to LPS alters both the mechanics of protein sorting and the contents of secreted OMVs and significantly impacts the protein composition of the outer membrane. 26505306 3 48 theme loss 582:585 arg1 impact 562:567 the impact 558:567 the impact of O antigen loss on the sub-proteomes of both the outer membrane and secreted OMVs from K. pneumoniae 558:670 Therefore, this study aimed to comprehensively analyze the impact of O antigen loss on the sub-proteomes of both the outer membrane and secreted OMVs from K. pneumoniae. 26505306 2 49 theme antigen 398:404 arg1 loss 380:383 The loss 376:383 The loss of the LPS O antigen 376:404 The loss of the LPS O antigen has been demonstrated in other bacterial species to significantly alter the composition of OMVs. 26505306 8 50 theme protein 1362:1368 arg1 composition 1370:1380 the highly distinct protein composition 1342:1380 the highly distinct protein composition of OMVs 1342:1388 This comprehensive analysis confirms the highly distinct protein composition of OMVs as compared to their source membrane, and provides evidence for a selective sorting mechanism that involves LPS polysaccharides. 26505306 0 51 theme secreted 128:135 arg1 vesicles 152:159 secreted outer membrane vesicles 128:159 secreted outer membrane vesicles 128:159 Klebsiella pneumoniae O antigen loss alters the outer membrane protein composition and the selective packaging of proteins into secreted outer membrane vesicles. 26505306 9 52 theme protein 1608:1614 arg1 sorting 1616:1622 protein sorting 1608:1622 protein sorting 1608:1622 These data support the hypothesis that modifications to LPS alters both the mechanics of protein sorting and the contents of secreted OMVs and significantly impacts the protein composition of the outer membrane. 26505306 2 53 theme O 396:396 arg1 antigen 398:404 the LPS O antigen 388:404 the LPS O antigen 388:404 The loss of the LPS O antigen has been demonstrated in other bacterial species to significantly alter the composition of OMVs. 26505306 0 54 theme outer 48:52 arg1 composition 71:81 the outer membrane protein composition 44:81 the outer membrane protein composition 44:81 Klebsiella pneumoniae O antigen loss alters the outer membrane protein composition and the selective packaging of proteins into secreted outer membrane vesicles. 26505306 4 55 with enriched 717:724 arg1 proteins 746:753 outer membrane proteins 731:753 outer membrane proteins involved in cell wall, membrane, and envelope biogenesis 731:810 As determined by LC-MS/MS, OMVs were highly enriched with outer membrane proteins involved in cell wall, membrane, and envelope biogenesis as compared to the source cellular outer membrane. 26505306 7 56 with mechanism 1265:1273 arg1 stress 1297:1302 envelope stress 1288:1302 envelope stress 1288:1302 This alteration of OMV composition may be a compensatory mechanism to deal with envelope stress. 26505306 3 57 theme outer 620:624 arg1 membrane 626:633 the outer membrane 616:633 the outer membrane 616:633 Therefore, this study aimed to comprehensively analyze the impact of O antigen loss on the sub-proteomes of both the outer membrane and secreted OMVs from K. pneumoniae. 26505306 3 58 theme O 572:572 arg1 loss 582:585 O antigen loss 572:585 O antigen loss 572:585 Therefore, this study aimed to comprehensively analyze the impact of O antigen loss on the sub-proteomes of both the outer membrane and secreted OMVs from K. pneumoniae. 26505306 5 59 theme wbbO 875:878 arg1 Deletion 863:870 Deletion 863:870 Deletion of wbbO, the enzyme responsible for O antigen attachment to LPS, 863:935 Deletion of wbbO, the enzyme responsible for O antigen attachment to LPS, decreased but did not eliminate this enrichment effect. 26505306 0 60 theme membrane 143:150 arg1 vesicles 152:159 secreted outer membrane vesicles 128:159 secreted outer membrane vesicles 128:159 Klebsiella pneumoniae O antigen loss alters the outer membrane protein composition and the selective packaging of proteins into secreted outer membrane vesicles. 26505306 3 61 theme antigen 574:580 arg1 loss 582:585 O antigen loss 572:585 O antigen loss 572:585 Therefore, this study aimed to comprehensively analyze the impact of O antigen loss on the sub-proteomes of both the outer membrane and secreted OMVs from K. pneumoniae. 26505306 6 62 theme proteins 1068:1075 arg1 numbers 1057:1063 increased numbers 1047:1063 increased numbers of proteins involved in post-translational modification, protein turnover, and chaperones 1047:1153 Additionally, loss of O antigen resulted in OMVs with increased numbers of proteins involved in post-translational modification, protein turnover, and chaperones as compared to secreted vesicles from the wild type. 26505306 8 63 theme OMVs 1385:1388 arg1 composition 1370:1380 the highly distinct protein composition 1342:1380 the highly distinct protein composition of OMVs 1342:1388 This comprehensive analysis confirms the highly distinct protein composition of OMVs as compared to their source membrane, and provides evidence for a selective sorting mechanism that involves LPS polysaccharides. 26505306 9 64 theme outer 1715:1719 arg1 membrane 1721:1728 the outer membrane 1711:1728 the outer membrane 1711:1728 These data support the hypothesis that modifications to LPS alters both the mechanics of protein sorting and the contents of secreted OMVs and significantly impacts the protein composition of the outer membrane. 26505306 1 65 dep associated 277:286 arg1 LPS 254:256 LPS 254:256 LPS 254:256 Klebsiella pneumoniae is a nosocomial pathogen which naturally secretes lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cell envelope associated proteins into the environment through the production of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). 26505306 1 65 dep associated 277:286 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 234:251 lipopolysaccharide 234:251 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 234:257 Klebsiella pneumoniae is a nosocomial pathogen which naturally secretes lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cell envelope associated proteins into the environment through the production of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). 26505306 1 65 dep associated 277:286 arg1 envelope 268:275 cell envelope 263:275 cell envelope 263:275 Klebsiella pneumoniae is a nosocomial pathogen which naturally secretes lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cell envelope associated proteins into the environment through the production of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). 26505306 4 66 theme cell 767:770 arg1 wall 772:775 cell wall 767:775 cell wall 767:775 As determined by LC-MS/MS, OMVs were highly enriched with outer membrane proteins involved in cell wall, membrane, and envelope biogenesis as compared to the source cellular outer membrane. 26505306 6 67 theme post-translational 1089:1106 arg1 modification 1108:1119 post-translational modification 1089:1119 post-translational modification 1089:1119 Additionally, loss of O antigen resulted in OMVs with increased numbers of proteins involved in post-translational modification, protein turnover, and chaperones as compared to secreted vesicles from the wild type. 26505306 6 68 theme protein 1122:1128 arg1 turnover 1130:1137 protein turnover 1122:1137 protein turnover 1122:1137 Additionally, loss of O antigen resulted in OMVs with increased numbers of proteins involved in post-translational modification, protein turnover, and chaperones as compared to secreted vesicles from the wild type. 26505306 3 69 theme secreted 639:646 arg1 OMVs 648:651 secreted OMVs 639:651 secreted OMVs from K. pneumoniae 639:670 Therefore, this study aimed to comprehensively analyze the impact of O antigen loss on the sub-proteomes of both the outer membrane and secreted OMVs from K. pneumoniae. 26505306 3 70 from impact 562:567 arg1 sub-proteomes 594:606 the sub-proteomes 590:606 the sub-proteomes of both the outer membrane and secreted OMVs from K. pneumoniae 590:670 Therefore, this study aimed to comprehensively analyze the impact of O antigen loss on the sub-proteomes of both the outer membrane and secreted OMVs from K. pneumoniae. 26505306 0 71 theme protein 63:69 arg1 composition 71:81 the outer membrane protein composition 44:81 the outer membrane protein composition 44:81 Klebsiella pneumoniae O antigen loss alters the outer membrane protein composition and the selective packaging of proteins into secreted outer membrane vesicles. 26505306 3 72 theme OMVs 648:651 arg1 sub-proteomes 594:606 the sub-proteomes 590:606 the sub-proteomes of both the outer membrane and secreted OMVs from K. pneumoniae 590:670 Therefore, this study aimed to comprehensively analyze the impact of O antigen loss on the sub-proteomes of both the outer membrane and secreted OMVs from K. pneumoniae. 26505306 7 73 theme envelope 1288:1295 arg1 stress 1297:1302 envelope stress 1288:1302 envelope stress 1288:1302 This alteration of OMV composition may be a compensatory mechanism to deal with envelope stress. 26505306 6 74 theme increased 1047:1055 arg1 numbers 1057:1063 increased numbers 1047:1063 increased numbers of proteins involved in post-translational modification, protein turnover, and chaperones 1047:1153 Additionally, loss of O antigen resulted in OMVs with increased numbers of proteins involved in post-translational modification, protein turnover, and chaperones as compared to secreted vesicles from the wild type. 26505306 0 75 theme membrane 54:61 arg1 composition 71:81 the outer membrane protein composition 44:81 the outer membrane protein composition 44:81 Klebsiella pneumoniae O antigen loss alters the outer membrane protein composition and the selective packaging of proteins into secreted outer membrane vesicles. 26505306 1 76 theme outer 344:348 arg1 vesicles 359:366 outer membrane vesicles 344:366 outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) 344:373 Klebsiella pneumoniae is a nosocomial pathogen which naturally secretes lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cell envelope associated proteins into the environment through the production of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). 26505306 1 76 theme outer 344:348 arg1 OMVs 369:372 OMVs 369:372 OMVs 369:372 Klebsiella pneumoniae is a nosocomial pathogen which naturally secretes lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cell envelope associated proteins into the environment through the production of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). 26505306 0 77 dep Klebsiella 0:9 arg1 pneumoniae 11:20 pneumoniae 11:20 pneumoniae 11:20 Klebsiella pneumoniae O antigen loss alters the outer membrane protein composition and the selective packaging of proteins into secreted outer membrane vesicles. 26505306 8 78 theme sorting 1466:1472 arg1 mechanism 1474:1482 a selective sorting mechanism 1454:1482 a selective sorting mechanism that involves LPS polysaccharides 1454:1516 This comprehensive analysis confirms the highly distinct protein composition of OMVs as compared to their source membrane, and provides evidence for a selective sorting mechanism that involves LPS polysaccharides. 24121078 8 0 from properties 1620:1629 arg1 scaffolds 1461:1469 The optimized collagen/CH-PCL scaffolds 1431:1469 The optimized collagen/CH-PCL scaffolds 1431:1469 The optimized collagen/CH-PCL scaffolds are partially similar to articular cartilage extracellular matrix in composition, porous microarchitecture, water content and compressive mechanical properties, suggesting that they have promising potential for applications in articular cartilage repair. 24121078 8 0 from properties 1620:1629 arg1 similar 1485:1491 similar 1485:1491 similar 1485:1491 The optimized collagen/CH-PCL scaffolds are partially similar to articular cartilage extracellular matrix in composition, porous microarchitecture, water content and compressive mechanical properties, suggesting that they have promising potential for applications in articular cartilage repair. 24121078 5 1 contain had 848:850 arg1 scaffolds 838:846 The resultant scaffolds 824:846 The resultant scaffolds 824:846 The resultant scaffolds had highly interconnected porous layers with a layer thickness of around 1mm and porous interface zones without visual clefts. 24121078 5 1 contain had 848:850 arg2 layers 881:886 highly interconnected porous layers 852:886 highly interconnected porous layers 852:886 The resultant scaffolds had highly interconnected porous layers with a layer thickness of around 1mm and porous interface zones without visual clefts. 24121078 6 2 theme compressive 1200:1210 arg1 modulus 1212:1218 oriented compressive modulus 1191:1218 oriented compressive modulus 1191:1218 Results obtained from SEM observations and measurements of pore parameters and swelling properties as well as mechanical examinations confirmed that graded average pore-size and porosity, gradient swelling index and oriented compressive modulus for certain scaffolds were synchronously achieved. 24121078 8 3 theme mechanical 1609:1618 arg1 properties 1620:1629 compressive mechanical properties 1597:1629 compressive mechanical properties 1597:1629 The optimized collagen/CH-PCL scaffolds are partially similar to articular cartilage extracellular matrix in composition, porous microarchitecture, water content and compressive mechanical properties, suggesting that they have promising potential for applications in articular cartilage repair. 24121078 7 4 theme achieved 1351:1358 arg1 able 1375:1378 able 1375:1378 able 1375:1378 In addition, certain evaluations of cell-scaffold constructs indicated that the achieved scaffolds were able to well support the growth of seeded chondrocytes. 24121078 7 4 theme achieved 1351:1358 arg1 scaffolds 1360:1368 the achieved scaffolds 1347:1368 the achieved scaffolds 1347:1368 In addition, certain evaluations of cell-scaffold constructs indicated that the achieved scaffolds were able to well support the growth of seeded chondrocytes. 24121078 6 5 theme SEM 997:999 arg1 observations 1001:1012 SEM observations and measurements 997:1029 observations 1001:1012 Results obtained from SEM observations and measurements of pore parameters and swelling properties as well as mechanical examinations confirmed that graded average pore-size and porosity, gradient swelling index and oriented compressive modulus for certain scaffolds were synchronously achieved. 24121078 3 6 theme bottom 543:548 arg1 layer 550:554 the bottom layer 539:554 the bottom layer 539:554 The compositions of different layers inside scaffolds were designed in a way so that from the top layer to the bottom layer collagen content changed in a degressive trend contrary to that of chitosan. 24121078 2 7 with scaffolds 338:346 arg1 features 369:376 some biomimetic features 353:376 some biomimetic features 353:376 Different CH-PCLs were respectively blended with Type-II collagen at prescribed ratios to fabricate a type of layered porous scaffolds with some biomimetic features while using sodium tripolyphosphate as a crosslinker. 24121078 8 8 theme water 1579:1583 arg1 content 1585:1591 water content 1579:1591 water content 1579:1591 The optimized collagen/CH-PCL scaffolds are partially similar to articular cartilage extracellular matrix in composition, porous microarchitecture, water content and compressive mechanical properties, suggesting that they have promising potential for applications in articular cartilage repair. 24121078 2 9 theme porous 331:336 arg1 scaffolds 338:346 layered porous scaffolds 323:346 layered porous scaffolds with some biomimetic features 323:376 Different CH-PCLs were respectively blended with Type-II collagen at prescribed ratios to fabricate a type of layered porous scaffolds with some biomimetic features while using sodium tripolyphosphate as a crosslinker. 24121078 2 10 theme scaffolds 338:346 arg1 type 315:318 a type 313:318 a type of layered porous scaffolds with some biomimetic features 313:376 Different CH-PCLs were respectively blended with Type-II collagen at prescribed ratios to fabricate a type of layered porous scaffolds with some biomimetic features while using sodium tripolyphosphate as a crosslinker. 24121078 4 11 theme scaffolds 813:821 arg1 microstructures 794:808 desired microstructures 786:808 desired microstructures of scaffolds 786:821 A combinatorial processing technique involving adjustable temperature gradients, collimated photothermal heating and freeze-drying was used to construct desired microstructures of scaffolds. 24121078 8 12 theme cartilage 1708:1716 arg1 repair 1718:1723 articular cartilage repair 1698:1723 articular cartilage repair 1698:1723 The optimized collagen/CH-PCL scaffolds are partially similar to articular cartilage extracellular matrix in composition, porous microarchitecture, water content and compressive mechanical properties, suggesting that they have promising potential for applications in articular cartilage repair. 24121078 1 13 theme Chitosan-polycaprolactone 103:127 arg1 copolymers 138:147 Chitosan-polycaprolactone (CH-PCL) copolymers 103:147 Chitosan-polycaprolactone (CH-PCL) copolymers with various PCL percentages less than 45 wt% 103:193 Chitosan-polycaprolactone (CH-PCL) copolymers with various PCL percentages less than 45 wt% were synthesized. 24121078 2 14 theme layered 323:329 arg1 scaffolds 338:346 layered porous scaffolds 323:346 layered porous scaffolds with some biomimetic features 323:376 Different CH-PCLs were respectively blended with Type-II collagen at prescribed ratios to fabricate a type of layered porous scaffolds with some biomimetic features while using sodium tripolyphosphate as a crosslinker. 24121078 4 15 theme desired 786:792 arg1 microstructures 794:808 desired microstructures 786:808 desired microstructures of scaffolds 786:821 A combinatorial processing technique involving adjustable temperature gradients, collimated photothermal heating and freeze-drying was used to construct desired microstructures of scaffolds. 24121078 7 16 theme cell-scaffold 1307:1319 arg1 constructs 1321:1330 cell-scaffold constructs 1307:1330 cell-scaffold constructs 1307:1330 In addition, certain evaluations of cell-scaffold constructs indicated that the achieved scaffolds were able to well support the growth of seeded chondrocytes. 24121078 2 17 theme sodium 390:395 arg1 tripolyphosphate 397:412 sodium tripolyphosphate 390:412 sodium tripolyphosphate 390:412 Different CH-PCLs were respectively blended with Type-II collagen at prescribed ratios to fabricate a type of layered porous scaffolds with some biomimetic features while using sodium tripolyphosphate as a crosslinker. 24121078 2 17 theme sodium 390:395 arg1 crosslinker 419:429 a crosslinker 417:429 a crosslinker 417:429 Different CH-PCLs were respectively blended with Type-II collagen at prescribed ratios to fabricate a type of layered porous scaffolds with some biomimetic features while using sodium tripolyphosphate as a crosslinker. 24121078 7 18 theme certain 1284:1290 arg1 evaluations 1292:1302 certain evaluations 1284:1302 certain evaluations of cell-scaffold constructs 1284:1330 In addition, certain evaluations of cell-scaffold constructs indicated that the achieved scaffolds were able to well support the growth of seeded chondrocytes. 24121078 6 19 theme average 1131:1137 arg1 pore-size 1139:1147 graded average pore-size 1124:1147 graded average pore-size 1124:1147 Results obtained from SEM observations and measurements of pore parameters and swelling properties as well as mechanical examinations confirmed that graded average pore-size and porosity, gradient swelling index and oriented compressive modulus for certain scaffolds were synchronously achieved. 24121078 8 20 from microarchitecture 1560:1576 arg1 scaffolds 1461:1469 The optimized collagen/CH-PCL scaffolds 1431:1469 The optimized collagen/CH-PCL scaffolds 1431:1469 The optimized collagen/CH-PCL scaffolds are partially similar to articular cartilage extracellular matrix in composition, porous microarchitecture, water content and compressive mechanical properties, suggesting that they have promising potential for applications in articular cartilage repair. 24121078 8 20 from microarchitecture 1560:1576 arg1 similar 1485:1491 similar 1485:1491 similar 1485:1491 The optimized collagen/CH-PCL scaffolds are partially similar to articular cartilage extracellular matrix in composition, porous microarchitecture, water content and compressive mechanical properties, suggesting that they have promising potential for applications in articular cartilage repair. 24121078 4 21 theme collimated 714:723 arg1 heating 738:744 collimated photothermal heating 714:744 collimated photothermal heating 714:744 A combinatorial processing technique involving adjustable temperature gradients, collimated photothermal heating and freeze-drying was used to construct desired microstructures of scaffolds. 24121078 0 22 theme biomimetic 73:82 arg1 microarchitecture 84:100 biomimetic microarchitecture 73:100 biomimetic microarchitecture 73:100 Manufacture of layered collagen/chitosan-polycaprolactone scaffolds with biomimetic microarchitecture. 24121078 8 23 theme articular 1496:1504 arg1 matrix 1530:1535 articular cartilage extracellular matrix 1496:1535 articular cartilage extracellular matrix 1496:1535 The optimized collagen/CH-PCL scaffolds are partially similar to articular cartilage extracellular matrix in composition, porous microarchitecture, water content and compressive mechanical properties, suggesting that they have promising potential for applications in articular cartilage repair. 24121078 6 24 theme oriented 1191:1198 arg1 modulus 1212:1218 oriented compressive modulus 1191:1218 oriented compressive modulus 1191:1218 Results obtained from SEM observations and measurements of pore parameters and swelling properties as well as mechanical examinations confirmed that graded average pore-size and porosity, gradient swelling index and oriented compressive modulus for certain scaffolds were synchronously achieved. 24121078 8 25 theme optimized 1435:1443 arg1 scaffolds 1461:1469 The optimized collagen/CH-PCL scaffolds 1431:1469 The optimized collagen/CH-PCL scaffolds 1431:1469 The optimized collagen/CH-PCL scaffolds are partially similar to articular cartilage extracellular matrix in composition, porous microarchitecture, water content and compressive mechanical properties, suggesting that they have promising potential for applications in articular cartilage repair. 24121078 8 25 theme optimized 1435:1443 arg1 similar 1485:1491 similar 1485:1491 similar 1485:1491 The optimized collagen/CH-PCL scaffolds are partially similar to articular cartilage extracellular matrix in composition, porous microarchitecture, water content and compressive mechanical properties, suggesting that they have promising potential for applications in articular cartilage repair. 24121078 4 26 used used 768:771 arg2 technique 660:668 A combinatorial processing technique 633:668 A combinatorial processing technique involving adjustable temperature gradients, collimated photothermal heating and freeze-drying 633:762 A combinatorial processing technique involving adjustable temperature gradients, collimated photothermal heating and freeze-drying was used to construct desired microstructures of scaffolds. 24121078 2 27 theme biomimetic 358:367 arg1 features 369:376 some biomimetic features 353:376 some biomimetic features 353:376 Different CH-PCLs were respectively blended with Type-II collagen at prescribed ratios to fabricate a type of layered porous scaffolds with some biomimetic features while using sodium tripolyphosphate as a crosslinker. 24121078 8 28 theme articular 1698:1706 arg1 repair 1718:1723 articular cartilage repair 1698:1723 articular cartilage repair 1698:1723 The optimized collagen/CH-PCL scaffolds are partially similar to articular cartilage extracellular matrix in composition, porous microarchitecture, water content and compressive mechanical properties, suggesting that they have promising potential for applications in articular cartilage repair. 24121078 6 29 theme swelling 1172:1179 arg1 index 1181:1185 gradient swelling index 1163:1185 gradient swelling index 1163:1185 Results obtained from SEM observations and measurements of pore parameters and swelling properties as well as mechanical examinations confirmed that graded average pore-size and porosity, gradient swelling index and oriented compressive modulus for certain scaffolds were synchronously achieved. 24121078 5 30 theme layer 895:899 arg1 thickness 901:909 a layer thickness 893:909 a layer thickness of around 1mm and porous interface zones without visual clefts 893:972 The resultant scaffolds had highly interconnected porous layers with a layer thickness of around 1mm and porous interface zones without visual clefts. 24121078 8 31 theme extracellular 1516:1528 arg1 matrix 1530:1535 articular cartilage extracellular matrix 1496:1535 articular cartilage extracellular matrix 1496:1535 The optimized collagen/CH-PCL scaffolds are partially similar to articular cartilage extracellular matrix in composition, porous microarchitecture, water content and compressive mechanical properties, suggesting that they have promising potential for applications in articular cartilage repair. 24121078 4 32 theme photothermal 725:736 arg1 heating 738:744 collimated photothermal heating 714:744 collimated photothermal heating 714:744 A combinatorial processing technique involving adjustable temperature gradients, collimated photothermal heating and freeze-drying was used to construct desired microstructures of scaffolds. 24121078 0 33 theme collagen/chitosan-polycaprolactone 23:56 arg1 Manufacture 0:10 Manufacture 0:10 Manufacture of layered collagen/chitosan-polycaprolactone 0:56 Manufacture of layered collagen/chitosan-polycaprolactone scaffolds with biomimetic microarchitecture. 24121078 6 34 theme properties 1063:1072 arg1 measurements 1018:1029 SEM observations and measurements 997:1029 measurements 1018:1029 Results obtained from SEM observations and measurements of pore parameters and swelling properties as well as mechanical examinations confirmed that graded average pore-size and porosity, gradient swelling index and oriented compressive modulus for certain scaffolds were synchronously achieved. 24121078 6 34 theme properties 1063:1072 arg1 examinations 1096:1107 mechanical examinations 1085:1107 SEM observations and measurements of pore parameters and swelling properties as well as mechanical examinations 997:1107 Results obtained from SEM observations and measurements of pore parameters and swelling properties as well as mechanical examinations confirmed that graded average pore-size and porosity, gradient swelling index and oriented compressive modulus for certain scaffolds were synchronously achieved. 24121078 6 34 theme properties 1063:1072 arg1 observations 1001:1012 SEM observations and measurements 997:1029 observations 1001:1012 Results obtained from SEM observations and measurements of pore parameters and swelling properties as well as mechanical examinations confirmed that graded average pore-size and porosity, gradient swelling index and oriented compressive modulus for certain scaffolds were synchronously achieved. 24121078 3 35 theme degressive 586:595 arg1 trend 597:601 a degressive trend 584:601 a degressive trend contrary to that of chitosan 584:630 The compositions of different layers inside scaffolds were designed in a way so that from the top layer to the bottom layer collagen content changed in a degressive trend contrary to that of chitosan. 24121078 8 36 theme porous 1553:1558 arg1 microarchitecture 1560:1576 porous microarchitecture 1553:1576 porous microarchitecture 1553:1576 The optimized collagen/CH-PCL scaffolds are partially similar to articular cartilage extracellular matrix in composition, porous microarchitecture, water content and compressive mechanical properties, suggesting that they have promising potential for applications in articular cartilage repair. 24121078 4 37 theme adjustable 680:689 arg1 gradients 703:711 adjustable temperature gradients 680:711 adjustable temperature gradients 680:711 A combinatorial processing technique involving adjustable temperature gradients, collimated photothermal heating and freeze-drying was used to construct desired microstructures of scaffolds. 24121078 1 38 with copolymers 138:147 arg1 percentages 166:176 various PCL percentages 154:176 various PCL percentages less than 45 wt% 154:193 Chitosan-polycaprolactone (CH-PCL) copolymers with various PCL percentages less than 45 wt% were synthesized. 24121078 6 39 theme swelling 1054:1061 arg1 properties 1063:1072 swelling properties 1054:1072 swelling properties 1054:1072 Results obtained from SEM observations and measurements of pore parameters and swelling properties as well as mechanical examinations confirmed that graded average pore-size and porosity, gradient swelling index and oriented compressive modulus for certain scaffolds were synchronously achieved. 24121078 8 40 theme cartilage 1506:1514 arg1 matrix 1530:1535 articular cartilage extracellular matrix 1496:1535 articular cartilage extracellular matrix 1496:1535 The optimized collagen/CH-PCL scaffolds are partially similar to articular cartilage extracellular matrix in composition, porous microarchitecture, water content and compressive mechanical properties, suggesting that they have promising potential for applications in articular cartilage repair. 24121078 1 41 theme various 154:160 arg1 percentages 166:176 various PCL percentages 154:176 various PCL percentages less than 45 wt% 154:193 Chitosan-polycaprolactone (CH-PCL) copolymers with various PCL percentages less than 45 wt% were synthesized. 24121078 8 42 from content 1585:1591 arg1 scaffolds 1461:1469 The optimized collagen/CH-PCL scaffolds 1431:1469 The optimized collagen/CH-PCL scaffolds 1431:1469 The optimized collagen/CH-PCL scaffolds are partially similar to articular cartilage extracellular matrix in composition, porous microarchitecture, water content and compressive mechanical properties, suggesting that they have promising potential for applications in articular cartilage repair. 24121078 8 42 from content 1585:1591 arg1 similar 1485:1491 similar 1485:1491 similar 1485:1491 The optimized collagen/CH-PCL scaffolds are partially similar to articular cartilage extracellular matrix in composition, porous microarchitecture, water content and compressive mechanical properties, suggesting that they have promising potential for applications in articular cartilage repair. 24121078 5 43 theme 1mm 921:923 arg1 zones 946:950 1mm and porous interface zones 921:950 zones 946:950 The resultant scaffolds had highly interconnected porous layers with a layer thickness of around 1mm and porous interface zones without visual clefts. 24121078 5 44 theme interconnected 859:872 arg1 layers 881:886 highly interconnected porous layers 852:886 highly interconnected porous layers 852:886 The resultant scaffolds had highly interconnected porous layers with a layer thickness of around 1mm and porous interface zones without visual clefts. 24121078 2 45 theme Different 213:221 arg1 CH-PCLs 223:229 Different CH-PCLs 213:229 Different CH-PCLs 213:229 Different CH-PCLs were respectively blended with Type-II collagen at prescribed ratios to fabricate a type of layered porous scaffolds with some biomimetic features while using sodium tripolyphosphate as a crosslinker. 24121078 2 46 theme prescribed 282:291 arg1 ratios 293:298 prescribed ratios 282:298 prescribed ratios 282:298 Different CH-PCLs were respectively blended with Type-II collagen at prescribed ratios to fabricate a type of layered porous scaffolds with some biomimetic features while using sodium tripolyphosphate as a crosslinker. 24121078 5 47 theme visual 960:965 arg1 clefts 967:972 visual clefts 960:972 visual clefts 960:972 The resultant scaffolds had highly interconnected porous layers with a layer thickness of around 1mm and porous interface zones without visual clefts. 24121078 7 48 theme chondrocytes 1417:1428 arg1 growth 1400:1405 the growth 1396:1405 the growth of seeded chondrocytes 1396:1428 In addition, certain evaluations of cell-scaffold constructs indicated that the achieved scaffolds were able to well support the growth of seeded chondrocytes. 24121078 5 49 theme interface 936:944 arg1 zones 946:950 1mm and porous interface zones 921:950 zones 946:950 The resultant scaffolds had highly interconnected porous layers with a layer thickness of around 1mm and porous interface zones without visual clefts. 24121078 6 50 theme parameters 1039:1048 arg1 measurements 1018:1029 SEM observations and measurements 997:1029 measurements 1018:1029 Results obtained from SEM observations and measurements of pore parameters and swelling properties as well as mechanical examinations confirmed that graded average pore-size and porosity, gradient swelling index and oriented compressive modulus for certain scaffolds were synchronously achieved. 24121078 6 50 theme parameters 1039:1048 arg1 examinations 1096:1107 mechanical examinations 1085:1107 SEM observations and measurements of pore parameters and swelling properties as well as mechanical examinations 997:1107 Results obtained from SEM observations and measurements of pore parameters and swelling properties as well as mechanical examinations confirmed that graded average pore-size and porosity, gradient swelling index and oriented compressive modulus for certain scaffolds were synchronously achieved. 24121078 6 50 theme parameters 1039:1048 arg1 observations 1001:1012 SEM observations and measurements 997:1029 observations 1001:1012 Results obtained from SEM observations and measurements of pore parameters and swelling properties as well as mechanical examinations confirmed that graded average pore-size and porosity, gradient swelling index and oriented compressive modulus for certain scaffolds were synchronously achieved. 24121078 5 51 theme porous 874:879 arg1 layers 881:886 highly interconnected porous layers 852:886 highly interconnected porous layers 852:886 The resultant scaffolds had highly interconnected porous layers with a layer thickness of around 1mm and porous interface zones without visual clefts. 24121078 6 52 theme mechanical 1085:1094 arg1 examinations 1096:1107 mechanical examinations 1085:1107 SEM observations and measurements of pore parameters and swelling properties as well as mechanical examinations 997:1107 Results obtained from SEM observations and measurements of pore parameters and swelling properties as well as mechanical examinations confirmed that graded average pore-size and porosity, gradient swelling index and oriented compressive modulus for certain scaffolds were synchronously achieved. 24121078 8 53 theme collagen/CH-PCL 1445:1459 arg1 scaffolds 1461:1469 The optimized collagen/CH-PCL scaffolds 1431:1469 The optimized collagen/CH-PCL scaffolds 1431:1469 The optimized collagen/CH-PCL scaffolds are partially similar to articular cartilage extracellular matrix in composition, porous microarchitecture, water content and compressive mechanical properties, suggesting that they have promising potential for applications in articular cartilage repair. 24121078 8 53 theme collagen/CH-PCL 1445:1459 arg1 similar 1485:1491 similar 1485:1491 similar 1485:1491 The optimized collagen/CH-PCL scaffolds are partially similar to articular cartilage extracellular matrix in composition, porous microarchitecture, water content and compressive mechanical properties, suggesting that they have promising potential for applications in articular cartilage repair. 24121078 4 54 theme temperature 691:701 arg1 gradients 703:711 adjustable temperature gradients 680:711 adjustable temperature gradients 680:711 A combinatorial processing technique involving adjustable temperature gradients, collimated photothermal heating and freeze-drying was used to construct desired microstructures of scaffolds. 24121078 3 55 theme different 452:460 arg1 layers 462:467 different layers 452:467 different layers 452:467 The compositions of different layers inside scaffolds were designed in a way so that from the top layer to the bottom layer collagen content changed in a degressive trend contrary to that of chitosan. 24121078 6 56 theme pore 1034:1037 arg1 parameters 1039:1048 pore parameters 1034:1048 pore parameters 1034:1048 Results obtained from SEM observations and measurements of pore parameters and swelling properties as well as mechanical examinations confirmed that graded average pore-size and porosity, gradient swelling index and oriented compressive modulus for certain scaffolds were synchronously achieved. 24121078 8 57 from applications 1682:1693 arg1 repair 1718:1723 articular cartilage repair 1698:1723 articular cartilage repair 1698:1723 The optimized collagen/CH-PCL scaffolds are partially similar to articular cartilage extracellular matrix in composition, porous microarchitecture, water content and compressive mechanical properties, suggesting that they have promising potential for applications in articular cartilage repair. 24121078 1 58 theme PCL 162:164 arg1 percentages 166:176 various PCL percentages 154:176 various PCL percentages less than 45 wt% 154:193 Chitosan-polycaprolactone (CH-PCL) copolymers with various PCL percentages less than 45 wt% were synthesized. 24121078 3 59 theme layers 462:467 arg1 compositions 436:447 The compositions 432:447 The compositions of different layers inside scaffolds 432:484 The compositions of different layers inside scaffolds were designed in a way so that from the top layer to the bottom layer collagen content changed in a degressive trend contrary to that of chitosan. 24121078 7 60 theme constructs 1321:1330 arg1 evaluations 1292:1302 certain evaluations 1284:1302 certain evaluations of cell-scaffold constructs 1284:1330 In addition, certain evaluations of cell-scaffold constructs indicated that the achieved scaffolds were able to well support the growth of seeded chondrocytes. 24121078 2 61 theme Type-II 262:268 arg1 collagen 270:277 Type-II collagen 262:277 Type-II collagen 262:277 Different CH-PCLs were respectively blended with Type-II collagen at prescribed ratios to fabricate a type of layered porous scaffolds with some biomimetic features while using sodium tripolyphosphate as a crosslinker. 24121078 7 62 theme seeded 1410:1415 arg1 chondrocytes 1417:1428 seeded chondrocytes 1410:1428 seeded chondrocytes 1410:1428 In addition, certain evaluations of cell-scaffold constructs indicated that the achieved scaffolds were able to well support the growth of seeded chondrocytes. 24121078 8 63 contain have 1653:1656 arg1 they 1648:1651 they 1648:1651 they 1648:1651 The optimized collagen/CH-PCL scaffolds are partially similar to articular cartilage extracellular matrix in composition, porous microarchitecture, water content and compressive mechanical properties, suggesting that they have promising potential for applications in articular cartilage repair. 24121078 8 63 contain have 1653:1656 arg2 potential 1668:1676 promising potential 1658:1676 promising potential for applications in articular cartilage repair 1658:1723 The optimized collagen/CH-PCL scaffolds are partially similar to articular cartilage extracellular matrix in composition, porous microarchitecture, water content and compressive mechanical properties, suggesting that they have promising potential for applications in articular cartilage repair. 24121078 1 64 theme less 178:181 arg1 percentages 166:176 various PCL percentages 154:176 various PCL percentages less than 45 wt% 154:193 Chitosan-polycaprolactone (CH-PCL) copolymers with various PCL percentages less than 45 wt% were synthesized. 24121078 6 65 theme certain 1224:1230 arg1 scaffolds 1232:1240 certain scaffolds 1224:1240 certain scaffolds 1224:1240 Results obtained from SEM observations and measurements of pore parameters and swelling properties as well as mechanical examinations confirmed that graded average pore-size and porosity, gradient swelling index and oriented compressive modulus for certain scaffolds were synchronously achieved. 24121078 4 66 theme combinatorial 635:647 arg1 technique 660:668 A combinatorial processing technique 633:668 A combinatorial processing technique involving adjustable temperature gradients, collimated photothermal heating and freeze-drying 633:762 A combinatorial processing technique involving adjustable temperature gradients, collimated photothermal heating and freeze-drying was used to construct desired microstructures of scaffolds. 24121078 8 67 theme promising 1658:1666 arg1 potential 1668:1676 promising potential 1658:1676 promising potential for applications in articular cartilage repair 1658:1723 The optimized collagen/CH-PCL scaffolds are partially similar to articular cartilage extracellular matrix in composition, porous microarchitecture, water content and compressive mechanical properties, suggesting that they have promising potential for applications in articular cartilage repair. 24121078 6 68 theme gradient 1163:1170 arg1 index 1181:1185 gradient swelling index 1163:1185 gradient swelling index 1163:1185 Results obtained from SEM observations and measurements of pore parameters and swelling properties as well as mechanical examinations confirmed that graded average pore-size and porosity, gradient swelling index and oriented compressive modulus for certain scaffolds were synchronously achieved. 24121078 3 69 theme top 526:528 arg1 layer 530:534 the top layer 522:534 the top layer to the bottom layer 522:554 The compositions of different layers inside scaffolds were designed in a way so that from the top layer to the bottom layer collagen content changed in a degressive trend contrary to that of chitosan. 24121078 6 70 theme graded 1124:1129 arg1 pore-size 1139:1147 graded average pore-size 1124:1147 graded average pore-size 1124:1147 Results obtained from SEM observations and measurements of pore parameters and swelling properties as well as mechanical examinations confirmed that graded average pore-size and porosity, gradient swelling index and oriented compressive modulus for certain scaffolds were synchronously achieved. 24121078 5 71 theme resultant 828:836 arg1 scaffolds 838:846 The resultant scaffolds 824:846 The resultant scaffolds 824:846 The resultant scaffolds had highly interconnected porous layers with a layer thickness of around 1mm and porous interface zones without visual clefts. 24121078 5 72 theme porous 929:934 arg1 zones 946:950 1mm and porous interface zones 921:950 zones 946:950 The resultant scaffolds had highly interconnected porous layers with a layer thickness of around 1mm and porous interface zones without visual clefts. 24121078 8 73 theme compressive 1597:1607 arg1 properties 1620:1629 compressive mechanical properties 1597:1629 compressive mechanical properties 1597:1629 The optimized collagen/CH-PCL scaffolds are partially similar to articular cartilage extracellular matrix in composition, porous microarchitecture, water content and compressive mechanical properties, suggesting that they have promising potential for applications in articular cartilage repair. 24121078 1 74 theme wt 191:192 arg1 % 193:193 45 wt% 188:193 45 wt% 188:193 Chitosan-polycaprolactone (CH-PCL) copolymers with various PCL percentages less than 45 wt% were synthesized. 24121078 8 75 from similar 1485:1491 arg1 microarchitecture 1560:1576 porous microarchitecture 1553:1576 porous microarchitecture 1553:1576 The optimized collagen/CH-PCL scaffolds are partially similar to articular cartilage extracellular matrix in composition, porous microarchitecture, water content and compressive mechanical properties, suggesting that they have promising potential for applications in articular cartilage repair. 24121078 8 75 from similar 1485:1491 arg1 content 1585:1591 water content 1579:1591 water content 1579:1591 The optimized collagen/CH-PCL scaffolds are partially similar to articular cartilage extracellular matrix in composition, porous microarchitecture, water content and compressive mechanical properties, suggesting that they have promising potential for applications in articular cartilage repair. 24121078 8 75 from similar 1485:1491 arg1 properties 1620:1629 compressive mechanical properties 1597:1629 compressive mechanical properties 1597:1629 The optimized collagen/CH-PCL scaffolds are partially similar to articular cartilage extracellular matrix in composition, porous microarchitecture, water content and compressive mechanical properties, suggesting that they have promising potential for applications in articular cartilage repair. 24121078 8 75 from similar 1485:1491 arg1 composition 1540:1550 composition 1540:1550 composition 1540:1550 The optimized collagen/CH-PCL scaffolds are partially similar to articular cartilage extracellular matrix in composition, porous microarchitecture, water content and compressive mechanical properties, suggesting that they have promising potential for applications in articular cartilage repair. 24121078 0 76 theme layered 15:21 arg1 collagen/chitosan-polycaprolactone 23:56 layered collagen/chitosan-polycaprolactone 15:56 layered collagen/chitosan-polycaprolactone 15:56 Manufacture of layered collagen/chitosan-polycaprolactone scaffolds with biomimetic microarchitecture. 24121078 3 77 theme collagen 556:563 arg1 content 565:571 collagen content 556:571 collagen content 556:571 The compositions of different layers inside scaffolds were designed in a way so that from the top layer to the bottom layer collagen content changed in a degressive trend contrary to that of chitosan. 24121078 8 78 from composition 1540:1550 arg1 scaffolds 1461:1469 The optimized collagen/CH-PCL scaffolds 1431:1469 The optimized collagen/CH-PCL scaffolds 1431:1469 The optimized collagen/CH-PCL scaffolds are partially similar to articular cartilage extracellular matrix in composition, porous microarchitecture, water content and compressive mechanical properties, suggesting that they have promising potential for applications in articular cartilage repair. 24121078 8 78 from composition 1540:1550 arg1 similar 1485:1491 similar 1485:1491 similar 1485:1491 The optimized collagen/CH-PCL scaffolds are partially similar to articular cartilage extracellular matrix in composition, porous microarchitecture, water content and compressive mechanical properties, suggesting that they have promising potential for applications in articular cartilage repair. 24121078 4 79 theme processing 649:658 arg1 technique 660:668 A combinatorial processing technique 633:668 A combinatorial processing technique involving adjustable temperature gradients, collimated photothermal heating and freeze-drying 633:762 A combinatorial processing technique involving adjustable temperature gradients, collimated photothermal heating and freeze-drying was used to construct desired microstructures of scaffolds. 27837085 3 0 theme kns4 485:488 arg1 gene 477:480 the causal gene 466:480 the causal gene of kns4 that was found to be a member of the CAZy glycosyltransferase 31 gene family 466:565 Here we describe the identification of the causal gene of kns4 that was found to be a member of the CAZy glycosyltransferase 31 gene family, identical to UNEVEN PATTERN OF EXINE1, and the biochemical characterization of the encoded protein. 27837085 3 0 theme kns4 485:488 arg1 member 513:518 a member 511:518 a member of the CAZy glycosyltransferase 31 gene family 511:565 Here we describe the identification of the causal gene of kns4 that was found to be a member of the CAZy glycosyltransferase 31 gene family, identical to UNEVEN PATTERN OF EXINE1, and the biochemical characterization of the encoded protein. 27837085 4 1 theme developing 798:807 arg1 microspores 809:819 developing microspores 798:819 developing microspores 798:819 The characteristic exine phenotype in the kns4 mutant is related to an abnormality of the primexine matrix laid on the surface of developing microspores. 27837085 2 2 theme Arabidopsis 302:312 arg1 mutants 337:343 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants 302:343 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants with abnormal pollen exine structure and morphology that we named kaonashi (kns) 302:424 We previously characterized Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants with abnormal pollen exine structure and morphology that we named kaonashi (kns). 27837085 2 2 theme Arabidopsis 302:312 arg1 thaliana 327:334 Arabidopsis thaliana 315:334 Arabidopsis thaliana 315:334 We previously characterized Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants with abnormal pollen exine structure and morphology that we named kaonashi (kns). 27837085 5 3 theme light 828:832 arg1 microscopy 834:843 light microscopy 828:843 light microscopy with a combination of type II arabinogalactan (AG) antibodies 828:905 Using light microscopy with a combination of type II arabinogalactan (AG) antibodies and staining with the arabinogalactan-protein (AGP)-specific β-Glc Yariv reagent, we show that the levels of AGPs in the kns4 microspore primexine are considerably diminished, and their location differs from that of wild type, as does the distribution of pectin labeling. 27837085 6 4 theme fruit 1255:1259 arg1 lengths 1261:1267 shorter fruit lengths 1247:1267 shorter fruit lengths 1247:1267 Furthermore, kns4 mutants exhibit reduced fertility as indicated by shorter fruit lengths and lower seed set compared to the wild type, confirming that KNS4 is critical for pollen viability and development. 27837085 1 5 theme gametes 181:187 arg1 environment 157:167 the environment 153:167 the environment of the male gametes of seed-producing plants 153:212 Pollen exine is essential for protection from the environment of the male gametes of seed-producing plants, but its assembly and composition remain poorly understood. 27837085 7 6 theme AG 1543:1544 arg1 glycans 1546:1552 AG glycans 1543:1552 AG glycans that are present on both AGPs and/or the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I 1543:1636 KNS4 was heterologously expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana, and was shown to possess β-(1,3)-galactosyltransferase activity responsible for the synthesis of AG glycans that are present on both AGPs and/or the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I. 27837085 7 7 located present 1563:1569 arg2 glycans 1546:1552 AG glycans 1543:1552 AG glycans that are present on both AGPs and/or the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I 1543:1636 KNS4 was heterologously expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana, and was shown to possess β-(1,3)-galactosyltransferase activity responsible for the synthesis of AG glycans that are present on both AGPs and/or the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I. 27837085 7 7 located present 1563:1569 arg1 rhamnogalacturonan 1617:1634 the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I 1591:1636 the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I 1591:1636 KNS4 was heterologously expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana, and was shown to possess β-(1,3)-galactosyltransferase activity responsible for the synthesis of AG glycans that are present on both AGPs and/or the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I. 27837085 7 7 located present 1563:1569 arg1 AGPs 1579:1582 AGPs 1579:1582 AGPs 1579:1582 KNS4 was heterologously expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana, and was shown to possess β-(1,3)-galactosyltransferase activity responsible for the synthesis of AG glycans that are present on both AGPs and/or the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I. 27837085 3 8 theme family 560:565 arg1 gene 477:480 the causal gene 466:480 the causal gene of kns4 that was found to be a member of the CAZy glycosyltransferase 31 gene family 466:565 Here we describe the identification of the causal gene of kns4 that was found to be a member of the CAZy glycosyltransferase 31 gene family, identical to UNEVEN PATTERN OF EXINE1, and the biochemical characterization of the encoded protein. 27837085 3 8 theme family 560:565 arg1 member 513:518 a member 511:518 a member of the CAZy glycosyltransferase 31 gene family 511:565 Here we describe the identification of the causal gene of kns4 that was found to be a member of the CAZy glycosyltransferase 31 gene family, identical to UNEVEN PATTERN OF EXINE1, and the biochemical characterization of the encoded protein. 27837085 1 9 theme seed-producing 192:205 arg1 plants 207:212 seed-producing plants 192:212 seed-producing plants 192:212 Pollen exine is essential for protection from the environment of the male gametes of seed-producing plants, but its assembly and composition remain poorly understood. 27837085 5 10 with staining 911:918 arg1 combination 852:862 a combination 850:862 a combination of type II arabinogalactan (AG) antibodies 850:905 Using light microscopy with a combination of type II arabinogalactan (AG) antibodies and staining with the arabinogalactan-protein (AGP)-specific β-Glc Yariv reagent, we show that the levels of AGPs in the kns4 microspore primexine are considerably diminished, and their location differs from that of wild type, as does the distribution of pectin labeling. 27837085 5 10 with staining 911:918 arg1 reagent 980:986 the arabinogalactan-protein (AGP)-specific β-Glc Yariv reagent 925:986 the arabinogalactan-protein (AGP)-specific β-Glc Yariv reagent 925:986 Using light microscopy with a combination of type II arabinogalactan (AG) antibodies and staining with the arabinogalactan-protein (AGP)-specific β-Glc Yariv reagent, we show that the levels of AGPs in the kns4 microspore primexine are considerably diminished, and their location differs from that of wild type, as does the distribution of pectin labeling. 27837085 5 11 theme type 867:870 arg1 AG 892:893 AG 892:893 AG 892:893 Using light microscopy with a combination of type II arabinogalactan (AG) antibodies and staining with the arabinogalactan-protein (AGP)-specific β-Glc Yariv reagent, we show that the levels of AGPs in the kns4 microspore primexine are considerably diminished, and their location differs from that of wild type, as does the distribution of pectin labeling. 27837085 5 11 theme type 867:870 arg1 arabinogalactan 875:889 type II arabinogalactan 867:889 type II arabinogalactan (AG) antibodies 867:905 Using light microscopy with a combination of type II arabinogalactan (AG) antibodies and staining with the arabinogalactan-protein (AGP)-specific β-Glc Yariv reagent, we show that the levels of AGPs in the kns4 microspore primexine are considerably diminished, and their location differs from that of wild type, as does the distribution of pectin labeling. 27837085 4 12 theme exine 687:691 arg1 phenotype 693:701 The characteristic exine phenotype 668:701 The characteristic exine phenotype in the kns4 mutant 668:720 The characteristic exine phenotype in the kns4 mutant is related to an abnormality of the primexine matrix laid on the surface of developing microspores. 27837085 4 12 theme exine 687:691 arg1 related 725:731 related 725:731 related 725:731 The characteristic exine phenotype in the kns4 mutant is related to an abnormality of the primexine matrix laid on the surface of developing microspores. 27837085 6 13 theme reduced 1213:1219 arg1 fertility 1221:1229 reduced fertility 1213:1229 reduced fertility 1213:1229 Furthermore, kns4 mutants exhibit reduced fertility as indicated by shorter fruit lengths and lower seed set compared to the wild type, confirming that KNS4 is critical for pollen viability and development. 27837085 7 14 dep β- 1471:1472 arg1 1,3 1474:1476 1,3 1474:1476 1,3 1474:1476 KNS4 was heterologously expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana, and was shown to possess β-(1,3)-galactosyltransferase activity responsible for the synthesis of AG glycans that are present on both AGPs and/or the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I. 27837085 3 15 theme UNEVEN 581:586 arg1 PATTERN 588:594 identical to UNEVEN PATTERN 568:594 identical to UNEVEN PATTERN OF EXINE1 568:604 Here we describe the identification of the causal gene of kns4 that was found to be a member of the CAZy glycosyltransferase 31 gene family, identical to UNEVEN PATTERN OF EXINE1, and the biochemical characterization of the encoded protein. 27837085 5 16 theme arabinogalactan 875:889 arg1 antibodies 896:905 type II arabinogalactan (AG) antibodies 867:905 type II arabinogalactan (AG) antibodies 867:905 Using light microscopy with a combination of type II arabinogalactan (AG) antibodies and staining with the arabinogalactan-protein (AGP)-specific β-Glc Yariv reagent, we show that the levels of AGPs in the kns4 microspore primexine are considerably diminished, and their location differs from that of wild type, as does the distribution of pectin labeling. 27837085 0 17 theme 1,3 41:43 arg1 -Galactosyltransferase 45:66 A Type II Arabinogalactan β-(1,3)-Galactosyltransferase 12:66 KNS4/UPEX1: A Type II Arabinogalactan β-(1,3)-Galactosyltransferase Required for Pollen Exine Development. 0:105 KNS4/UPEX1: A Type II Arabinogalactan β-(1,3)-Galactosyltransferase Required for Pollen Exine Development. 27837085 3 18 theme identical 568:576 arg1 PATTERN 588:594 identical to UNEVEN PATTERN 568:594 identical to UNEVEN PATTERN OF EXINE1 568:604 Here we describe the identification of the causal gene of kns4 that was found to be a member of the CAZy glycosyltransferase 31 gene family, identical to UNEVEN PATTERN OF EXINE1, and the biochemical characterization of the encoded protein. 27837085 4 19 from abnormality 739:749 arg1 surface 787:793 the surface 783:793 the surface of developing microspores 783:819 The characteristic exine phenotype in the kns4 mutant is related to an abnormality of the primexine matrix laid on the surface of developing microspores. 27837085 5 20 theme labeling 1169:1176 arg1 distribution 1146:1157 the distribution 1142:1157 the distribution of pectin labeling 1142:1176 Using light microscopy with a combination of type II arabinogalactan (AG) antibodies and staining with the arabinogalactan-protein (AGP)-specific β-Glc Yariv reagent, we show that the levels of AGPs in the kns4 microspore primexine are considerably diminished, and their location differs from that of wild type, as does the distribution of pectin labeling. 27837085 8 21 theme KNS4 1722:1725 arg1 function 1727:1734 KNS4 function 1722:1734 KNS4 function 1722:1734 These data demonstrate that defects in AGP/pectic glycans, caused by disruption of KNS4 function, impact pollen development and viability in Arabidopsis. 27837085 8 21 theme KNS4 1722:1725 arg1 impact 1737:1742 impact 1737:1742 impact 1737:1742 These data demonstrate that defects in AGP/pectic glycans, caused by disruption of KNS4 function, impact pollen development and viability in Arabidopsis. 27837085 7 22 theme polysaccharide 1602:1615 arg1 rhamnogalacturonan 1617:1634 the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I 1591:1636 the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I 1591:1636 KNS4 was heterologously expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana, and was shown to possess β-(1,3)-galactosyltransferase activity responsible for the synthesis of AG glycans that are present on both AGPs and/or the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I. 27837085 5 23 with microscopy 834:843 arg1 combination 852:862 a combination 850:862 a combination of type II arabinogalactan (AG) antibodies 850:905 Using light microscopy with a combination of type II arabinogalactan (AG) antibodies and staining with the arabinogalactan-protein (AGP)-specific β-Glc Yariv reagent, we show that the levels of AGPs in the kns4 microspore primexine are considerably diminished, and their location differs from that of wild type, as does the distribution of pectin labeling. 27837085 5 23 with microscopy 834:843 arg1 reagent 980:986 the arabinogalactan-protein (AGP)-specific β-Glc Yariv reagent 925:986 the arabinogalactan-protein (AGP)-specific β-Glc Yariv reagent 925:986 Using light microscopy with a combination of type II arabinogalactan (AG) antibodies and staining with the arabinogalactan-protein (AGP)-specific β-Glc Yariv reagent, we show that the levels of AGPs in the kns4 microspore primexine are considerably diminished, and their location differs from that of wild type, as does the distribution of pectin labeling. 27837085 5 24 from AGPs 1016:1019 arg1 primexine 1044:1052 the kns4 microspore primexine 1024:1052 the kns4 microspore primexine 1024:1052 Using light microscopy with a combination of type II arabinogalactan (AG) antibodies and staining with the arabinogalactan-protein (AGP)-specific β-Glc Yariv reagent, we show that the levels of AGPs in the kns4 microspore primexine are considerably diminished, and their location differs from that of wild type, as does the distribution of pectin labeling. 27837085 0 25 theme Exine 88:92 arg1 Development 94:104 Pollen Exine Development 81:104 Pollen Exine Development 81:104 KNS4/UPEX1: A Type II Arabinogalactan β-(1,3)-Galactosyltransferase Required for Pollen Exine Development. 27837085 4 26 from surface 787:793 arg1 abnormality 739:749 an abnormality 736:749 an abnormality of the primexine matrix laid on the surface of developing microspores 736:819 The characteristic exine phenotype in the kns4 mutant is related to an abnormality of the primexine matrix laid on the surface of developing microspores. 27837085 4 27 theme kns4 710:713 arg1 mutant 715:720 the kns4 mutant 706:720 the kns4 mutant 706:720 The characteristic exine phenotype in the kns4 mutant is related to an abnormality of the primexine matrix laid on the surface of developing microspores. 27837085 7 28 contain possess 1463:1469 arg2 activity 1501:1508 β-(1,3)-galactosyltransferase activity 1471:1508 β-(1,3)-galactosyltransferase activity responsible for the synthesis of AG glycans that are present on both AGPs and/or the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I 1471:1636 KNS4 was heterologously expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana, and was shown to possess β-(1,3)-galactosyltransferase activity responsible for the synthesis of AG glycans that are present on both AGPs and/or the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I. 27837085 7 28 contain possess 1463:1469 arg1 KNS4 1386:1389 KNS4 1386:1389 KNS4 1386:1389 KNS4 was heterologously expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana, and was shown to possess β-(1,3)-galactosyltransferase activity responsible for the synthesis of AG glycans that are present on both AGPs and/or the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I. 27837085 5 29 theme antibodies 896:905 arg1 combination 852:862 a combination 850:862 a combination of type II arabinogalactan (AG) antibodies 850:905 Using light microscopy with a combination of type II arabinogalactan (AG) antibodies and staining with the arabinogalactan-protein (AGP)-specific β-Glc Yariv reagent, we show that the levels of AGPs in the kns4 microspore primexine are considerably diminished, and their location differs from that of wild type, as does the distribution of pectin labeling. 27837085 8 30 from viability 1767:1775 arg1 Arabidopsis 1780:1790 Arabidopsis 1780:1790 Arabidopsis 1780:1790 These data demonstrate that defects in AGP/pectic glycans, caused by disruption of KNS4 function, impact pollen development and viability in Arabidopsis. 27837085 7 31 attach present 1563:1569 arg2 glycans 1546:1552 AG glycans 1543:1552 AG glycans that are present on both AGPs and/or the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I 1543:1636 KNS4 was heterologously expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana, and was shown to possess β-(1,3)-galactosyltransferase activity responsible for the synthesis of AG glycans that are present on both AGPs and/or the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I. 27837085 7 31 attach present 1563:1569 arg1 rhamnogalacturonan 1617:1634 the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I 1591:1636 the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I 1591:1636 KNS4 was heterologously expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana, and was shown to possess β-(1,3)-galactosyltransferase activity responsible for the synthesis of AG glycans that are present on both AGPs and/or the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I. 27837085 7 31 attach present 1563:1569 arg1 AGPs 1579:1582 AGPs 1579:1582 AGPs 1579:1582 KNS4 was heterologously expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana, and was shown to possess β-(1,3)-galactosyltransferase activity responsible for the synthesis of AG glycans that are present on both AGPs and/or the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I. 27837085 4 32 theme matrix 768:773 arg1 laid 775:778 the primexine matrix laid 754:778 the primexine matrix laid on the surface of developing microspores 754:819 The characteristic exine phenotype in the kns4 mutant is related to an abnormality of the primexine matrix laid on the surface of developing microspores. 27837085 2 33 with mutants 337:343 arg1 morphology 386:395 morphology 386:395 morphology 386:395 We previously characterized Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants with abnormal pollen exine structure and morphology that we named kaonashi (kns). 27837085 2 33 with mutants 337:343 arg1 structure 372:380 abnormal pollen exine structure 350:380 abnormal pollen exine structure 350:380 We previously characterized Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants with abnormal pollen exine structure and morphology that we named kaonashi (kns). 27837085 5 34 theme β-Glc 968:972 arg1 reagent 980:986 the arabinogalactan-protein (AGP)-specific β-Glc Yariv reagent 925:986 the arabinogalactan-protein (AGP)-specific β-Glc Yariv reagent 925:986 Using light microscopy with a combination of type II arabinogalactan (AG) antibodies and staining with the arabinogalactan-protein (AGP)-specific β-Glc Yariv reagent, we show that the levels of AGPs in the kns4 microspore primexine are considerably diminished, and their location differs from that of wild type, as does the distribution of pectin labeling. 27837085 3 35 theme causal 470:475 arg1 gene 477:480 the causal gene 466:480 the causal gene of kns4 that was found to be a member of the CAZy glycosyltransferase 31 gene family 466:565 Here we describe the identification of the causal gene of kns4 that was found to be a member of the CAZy glycosyltransferase 31 gene family, identical to UNEVEN PATTERN OF EXINE1, and the biochemical characterization of the encoded protein. 27837085 3 35 theme causal 470:475 arg1 member 513:518 a member 511:518 a member of the CAZy glycosyltransferase 31 gene family 511:565 Here we describe the identification of the causal gene of kns4 that was found to be a member of the CAZy glycosyltransferase 31 gene family, identical to UNEVEN PATTERN OF EXINE1, and the biochemical characterization of the encoded protein. 27837085 0 36 theme β- 38:39 arg1 -Galactosyltransferase 45:66 A Type II Arabinogalactan β-(1,3)-Galactosyltransferase 12:66 KNS4/UPEX1: A Type II Arabinogalactan β-(1,3)-Galactosyltransferase Required for Pollen Exine Development. 0:105 KNS4/UPEX1: A Type II Arabinogalactan β-(1,3)-Galactosyltransferase Required for Pollen Exine Development. 27837085 7 37 theme Nicotiana 1423:1431 arg1 benthamiana 1433:1443 Nicotiana benthamiana 1423:1443 Nicotiana benthamiana 1423:1443 KNS4 was heterologously expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana, and was shown to possess β-(1,3)-galactosyltransferase activity responsible for the synthesis of AG glycans that are present on both AGPs and/or the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I. 27837085 3 38 dep PATTERN 588:594 arg1 to 578:579 to 578:579 to 578:579 Here we describe the identification of the causal gene of kns4 that was found to be a member of the CAZy glycosyltransferase 31 gene family, identical to UNEVEN PATTERN OF EXINE1, and the biochemical characterization of the encoded protein. 27837085 8 39 from development 1751:1761 arg1 Arabidopsis 1780:1790 Arabidopsis 1780:1790 Arabidopsis 1780:1790 These data demonstrate that defects in AGP/pectic glycans, caused by disruption of KNS4 function, impact pollen development and viability in Arabidopsis. 27837085 2 40 theme exine 366:370 arg1 structure 372:380 abnormal pollen exine structure 350:380 abnormal pollen exine structure 350:380 We previously characterized Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants with abnormal pollen exine structure and morphology that we named kaonashi (kns). 27837085 0 41 dep KNS4/UPEX1 0:9 arg1 -Galactosyltransferase 45:66 A Type II Arabinogalactan β-(1,3)-Galactosyltransferase 12:66 KNS4/UPEX1: A Type II Arabinogalactan β-(1,3)-Galactosyltransferase Required for Pollen Exine Development. 0:105 KNS4/UPEX1: A Type II Arabinogalactan β-(1,3)-Galactosyltransferase Required for Pollen Exine Development. 27837085 3 42 theme protein 659:665 arg1 PATTERN 588:594 identical to UNEVEN PATTERN 568:594 identical to UNEVEN PATTERN OF EXINE1 568:604 Here we describe the identification of the causal gene of kns4 that was found to be a member of the CAZy glycosyltransferase 31 gene family, identical to UNEVEN PATTERN OF EXINE1, and the biochemical characterization of the encoded protein. 27837085 3 42 theme protein 659:665 arg1 characterization 627:642 the biochemical characterization 611:642 the biochemical characterization of the encoded protein 611:665 Here we describe the identification of the causal gene of kns4 that was found to be a member of the CAZy glycosyltransferase 31 gene family, identical to UNEVEN PATTERN OF EXINE1, and the biochemical characterization of the encoded protein. 27837085 3 42 theme protein 659:665 arg1 identification 448:461 the identification 444:461 the identification of the causal gene of kns4 that was found to be a member of the CAZy glycosyltransferase 31 gene family 444:565 Here we describe the identification of the causal gene of kns4 that was found to be a member of the CAZy glycosyltransferase 31 gene family, identical to UNEVEN PATTERN OF EXINE1, and the biochemical characterization of the encoded protein. 27837085 2 43 theme abnormal 350:357 arg1 structure 372:380 abnormal pollen exine structure 350:380 abnormal pollen exine structure 350:380 We previously characterized Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants with abnormal pollen exine structure and morphology that we named kaonashi (kns). 27837085 5 44 theme wild 1123:1126 arg1 type 1128:1131 wild type 1123:1131 wild type 1123:1131 Using light microscopy with a combination of type II arabinogalactan (AG) antibodies and staining with the arabinogalactan-protein (AGP)-specific β-Glc Yariv reagent, we show that the levels of AGPs in the kns4 microspore primexine are considerably diminished, and their location differs from that of wild type, as does the distribution of pectin labeling. 27837085 4 45 theme microspores 809:819 arg1 surface 787:793 the surface 783:793 the surface of developing microspores 783:819 The characteristic exine phenotype in the kns4 mutant is related to an abnormality of the primexine matrix laid on the surface of developing microspores. 27837085 6 46 theme kns4 1192:1195 arg1 mutants 1197:1203 kns4 mutants 1192:1203 kns4 mutants 1192:1203 Furthermore, kns4 mutants exhibit reduced fertility as indicated by shorter fruit lengths and lower seed set compared to the wild type, confirming that KNS4 is critical for pollen viability and development. 27837085 6 47 theme pollen 1352:1357 arg1 viability 1359:1367 pollen viability 1352:1367 pollen viability 1352:1367 Furthermore, kns4 mutants exhibit reduced fertility as indicated by shorter fruit lengths and lower seed set compared to the wild type, confirming that KNS4 is critical for pollen viability and development. 27837085 7 48 theme glycans 1546:1552 arg1 synthesis 1530:1538 the synthesis 1526:1538 the synthesis of AG glycans that are present on both AGPs and/or the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I 1526:1636 KNS4 was heterologously expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana, and was shown to possess β-(1,3)-galactosyltransferase activity responsible for the synthesis of AG glycans that are present on both AGPs and/or the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I. 27837085 8 49 from defects 1667:1673 arg1 glycans 1689:1695 AGP/pectic glycans 1678:1695 AGP/pectic glycans 1678:1695 These data demonstrate that defects in AGP/pectic glycans, caused by disruption of KNS4 function, impact pollen development and viability in Arabidopsis. 27837085 1 50 theme male 176:179 arg1 gametes 181:187 the male gametes 172:187 the male gametes of seed-producing plants 172:212 Pollen exine is essential for protection from the environment of the male gametes of seed-producing plants, but its assembly and composition remain poorly understood. 27837085 3 51 theme CAZy 527:530 arg1 family 560:565 the CAZy glycosyltransferase 31 gene family 523:565 the CAZy glycosyltransferase 31 gene family 523:565 Here we describe the identification of the causal gene of kns4 that was found to be a member of the CAZy glycosyltransferase 31 gene family, identical to UNEVEN PATTERN OF EXINE1, and the biochemical characterization of the encoded protein. 27837085 6 52 theme shorter 1247:1253 arg1 lengths 1261:1267 shorter fruit lengths 1247:1267 shorter fruit lengths 1247:1267 Furthermore, kns4 mutants exhibit reduced fertility as indicated by shorter fruit lengths and lower seed set compared to the wild type, confirming that KNS4 is critical for pollen viability and development. 27837085 3 53 theme gene 555:558 arg1 family 560:565 the CAZy glycosyltransferase 31 gene family 523:565 the CAZy glycosyltransferase 31 gene family 523:565 Here we describe the identification of the causal gene of kns4 that was found to be a member of the CAZy glycosyltransferase 31 gene family, identical to UNEVEN PATTERN OF EXINE1, and the biochemical characterization of the encoded protein. 27837085 5 54 dep does 1137:1140 arg1 as 1134:1135 as 1134:1135 as 1134:1135 Using light microscopy with a combination of type II arabinogalactan (AG) antibodies and staining with the arabinogalactan-protein (AGP)-specific β-Glc Yariv reagent, we show that the levels of AGPs in the kns4 microspore primexine are considerably diminished, and their location differs from that of wild type, as does the distribution of pectin labeling. 27837085 5 55 theme AGPs 1016:1019 arg1 levels 1006:1011 the levels 1002:1011 the levels of AGPs in the kns4 microspore primexine 1002:1052 Using light microscopy with a combination of type II arabinogalactan (AG) antibodies and staining with the arabinogalactan-protein (AGP)-specific β-Glc Yariv reagent, we show that the levels of AGPs in the kns4 microspore primexine are considerably diminished, and their location differs from that of wild type, as does the distribution of pectin labeling. 27837085 3 56 theme glycosyltransferase 532:550 arg1 family 560:565 the CAZy glycosyltransferase 31 gene family 523:565 the CAZy glycosyltransferase 31 gene family 523:565 Here we describe the identification of the causal gene of kns4 that was found to be a member of the CAZy glycosyltransferase 31 gene family, identical to UNEVEN PATTERN OF EXINE1, and the biochemical characterization of the encoded protein. 27837085 4 57 from laid 775:778 arg1 surface 787:793 the surface 783:793 the surface of developing microspores 783:819 The characteristic exine phenotype in the kns4 mutant is related to an abnormality of the primexine matrix laid on the surface of developing microspores. 27837085 7 58 theme responsible 1510:1520 arg1 activity 1501:1508 β-(1,3)-galactosyltransferase activity 1471:1508 β-(1,3)-galactosyltransferase activity responsible for the synthesis of AG glycans that are present on both AGPs and/or the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I 1471:1636 KNS4 was heterologously expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana, and was shown to possess β-(1,3)-galactosyltransferase activity responsible for the synthesis of AG glycans that are present on both AGPs and/or the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I. 27837085 8 59 theme AGP/pectic 1678:1687 arg1 glycans 1689:1695 AGP/pectic glycans 1678:1695 AGP/pectic glycans 1678:1695 These data demonstrate that defects in AGP/pectic glycans, caused by disruption of KNS4 function, impact pollen development and viability in Arabidopsis. 27837085 7 60 theme -galactosyltransferase 1478:1499 arg1 activity 1501:1508 β-(1,3)-galactosyltransferase activity 1471:1508 β-(1,3)-galactosyltransferase activity responsible for the synthesis of AG glycans that are present on both AGPs and/or the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I 1471:1636 KNS4 was heterologously expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana, and was shown to possess β-(1,3)-galactosyltransferase activity responsible for the synthesis of AG glycans that are present on both AGPs and/or the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I. 27837085 4 61 theme characteristic 672:685 arg1 phenotype 693:701 The characteristic exine phenotype 668:701 The characteristic exine phenotype in the kns4 mutant 668:720 The characteristic exine phenotype in the kns4 mutant is related to an abnormality of the primexine matrix laid on the surface of developing microspores. 27837085 4 61 theme characteristic 672:685 arg1 related 725:731 related 725:731 related 725:731 The characteristic exine phenotype in the kns4 mutant is related to an abnormality of the primexine matrix laid on the surface of developing microspores. 27837085 6 62 theme wild 1304:1307 arg1 type 1309:1312 the wild type 1300:1312 the wild type 1300:1312 Furthermore, kns4 mutants exhibit reduced fertility as indicated by shorter fruit lengths and lower seed set compared to the wild type, confirming that KNS4 is critical for pollen viability and development. 27837085 1 63 theme Pollen 107:112 arg1 exine 114:118 Pollen exine 107:118 Pollen exine 107:118 Pollen exine is essential for protection from the environment of the male gametes of seed-producing plants, but its assembly and composition remain poorly understood. 27837085 1 64 theme plants 207:212 arg1 gametes 181:187 the male gametes 172:187 the male gametes of seed-producing plants 172:212 Pollen exine is essential for protection from the environment of the male gametes of seed-producing plants, but its assembly and composition remain poorly understood. 27837085 5 65 theme pectin 1162:1167 arg1 labeling 1169:1176 pectin labeling 1162:1176 pectin labeling 1162:1176 Using light microscopy with a combination of type II arabinogalactan (AG) antibodies and staining with the arabinogalactan-protein (AGP)-specific β-Glc Yariv reagent, we show that the levels of AGPs in the kns4 microspore primexine are considerably diminished, and their location differs from that of wild type, as does the distribution of pectin labeling. 27837085 6 66 theme seed 1279:1282 arg1 set 1284:1286 lower seed set 1273:1286 lower seed set compared to the wild type 1273:1312 Furthermore, kns4 mutants exhibit reduced fertility as indicated by shorter fruit lengths and lower seed set compared to the wild type, confirming that KNS4 is critical for pollen viability and development. 27837085 1 67 from environment 157:167 arg1 protection 137:146 protection 137:146 protection from the environment of the male gametes of seed-producing plants 137:212 Pollen exine is essential for protection from the environment of the male gametes of seed-producing plants, but its assembly and composition remain poorly understood. 27837085 7 68 theme β- 1471:1472 arg1 activity 1501:1508 β-(1,3)-galactosyltransferase activity 1471:1508 β-(1,3)-galactosyltransferase activity responsible for the synthesis of AG glycans that are present on both AGPs and/or the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I 1471:1636 KNS4 was heterologously expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana, and was shown to possess β-(1,3)-galactosyltransferase activity responsible for the synthesis of AG glycans that are present on both AGPs and/or the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I. 27837085 0 69 theme Pollen 81:86 arg1 Development 94:104 Pollen Exine Development 81:104 Pollen Exine Development 81:104 KNS4/UPEX1: A Type II Arabinogalactan β-(1,3)-Galactosyltransferase Required for Pollen Exine Development. 27837085 6 70 theme lower 1273:1277 arg1 set 1284:1286 lower seed set 1273:1286 lower seed set compared to the wild type 1273:1312 Furthermore, kns4 mutants exhibit reduced fertility as indicated by shorter fruit lengths and lower seed set compared to the wild type, confirming that KNS4 is critical for pollen viability and development. 27837085 8 71 theme function 1727:1734 arg1 disruption 1708:1717 disruption 1708:1717 disruption of KNS4 function, impact 1708:1742 These data demonstrate that defects in AGP/pectic glycans, caused by disruption of KNS4 function, impact pollen development and viability in Arabidopsis. 27837085 7 72 theme pectic 1595:1600 arg1 rhamnogalacturonan 1617:1634 the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I 1591:1636 the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I 1591:1636 KNS4 was heterologously expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana, and was shown to possess β-(1,3)-galactosyltransferase activity responsible for the synthesis of AG glycans that are present on both AGPs and/or the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I. 27837085 5 73 theme microspore 1033:1042 arg1 primexine 1044:1052 the kns4 microspore primexine 1024:1052 the kns4 microspore primexine 1024:1052 Using light microscopy with a combination of type II arabinogalactan (AG) antibodies and staining with the arabinogalactan-protein (AGP)-specific β-Glc Yariv reagent, we show that the levels of AGPs in the kns4 microspore primexine are considerably diminished, and their location differs from that of wild type, as does the distribution of pectin labeling. 27837085 0 74 theme Type 14:17 arg1 -Galactosyltransferase 45:66 A Type II Arabinogalactan β-(1,3)-Galactosyltransferase 12:66 KNS4/UPEX1: A Type II Arabinogalactan β-(1,3)-Galactosyltransferase Required for Pollen Exine Development. 0:105 KNS4/UPEX1: A Type II Arabinogalactan β-(1,3)-Galactosyltransferase Required for Pollen Exine Development. 27837085 4 75 from phenotype 693:701 arg1 mutant 715:720 the kns4 mutant 706:720 the kns4 mutant 706:720 The characteristic exine phenotype in the kns4 mutant is related to an abnormality of the primexine matrix laid on the surface of developing microspores. 27837085 3 76 theme EXINE1 599:604 arg1 PATTERN 588:594 identical to UNEVEN PATTERN 568:594 identical to UNEVEN PATTERN OF EXINE1 568:604 Here we describe the identification of the causal gene of kns4 that was found to be a member of the CAZy glycosyltransferase 31 gene family, identical to UNEVEN PATTERN OF EXINE1, and the biochemical characterization of the encoded protein. 27837085 3 76 theme EXINE1 599:604 arg1 characterization 627:642 the biochemical characterization 611:642 the biochemical characterization of the encoded protein 611:665 Here we describe the identification of the causal gene of kns4 that was found to be a member of the CAZy glycosyltransferase 31 gene family, identical to UNEVEN PATTERN OF EXINE1, and the biochemical characterization of the encoded protein. 27837085 3 76 theme EXINE1 599:604 arg1 identification 448:461 the identification 444:461 the identification of the causal gene of kns4 that was found to be a member of the CAZy glycosyltransferase 31 gene family 444:565 Here we describe the identification of the causal gene of kns4 that was found to be a member of the CAZy glycosyltransferase 31 gene family, identical to UNEVEN PATTERN OF EXINE1, and the biochemical characterization of the encoded protein. 27837085 0 77 theme Arabinogalactan 22:36 arg1 -Galactosyltransferase 45:66 A Type II Arabinogalactan β-(1,3)-Galactosyltransferase 12:66 KNS4/UPEX1: A Type II Arabinogalactan β-(1,3)-Galactosyltransferase Required for Pollen Exine Development. 0:105 KNS4/UPEX1: A Type II Arabinogalactan β-(1,3)-Galactosyltransferase Required for Pollen Exine Development. 27837085 5 78 theme -specific 958:966 arg1 reagent 980:986 the arabinogalactan-protein (AGP)-specific β-Glc Yariv reagent 925:986 the arabinogalactan-protein (AGP)-specific β-Glc Yariv reagent 925:986 Using light microscopy with a combination of type II arabinogalactan (AG) antibodies and staining with the arabinogalactan-protein (AGP)-specific β-Glc Yariv reagent, we show that the levels of AGPs in the kns4 microspore primexine are considerably diminished, and their location differs from that of wild type, as does the distribution of pectin labeling. 27837085 4 79 theme primexine 758:766 arg1 laid 775:778 the primexine matrix laid 754:778 the primexine matrix laid on the surface of developing microspores 754:819 The characteristic exine phenotype in the kns4 mutant is related to an abnormality of the primexine matrix laid on the surface of developing microspores. 27837085 5 80 from levels 1006:1011 arg1 primexine 1044:1052 the kns4 microspore primexine 1024:1052 the kns4 microspore primexine 1024:1052 Using light microscopy with a combination of type II arabinogalactan (AG) antibodies and staining with the arabinogalactan-protein (AGP)-specific β-Glc Yariv reagent, we show that the levels of AGPs in the kns4 microspore primexine are considerably diminished, and their location differs from that of wild type, as does the distribution of pectin labeling. 27837085 5 81 from primexine 1044:1052 arg1 levels 1006:1011 the levels 1002:1011 the levels of AGPs in the kns4 microspore primexine 1002:1052 Using light microscopy with a combination of type II arabinogalactan (AG) antibodies and staining with the arabinogalactan-protein (AGP)-specific β-Glc Yariv reagent, we show that the levels of AGPs in the kns4 microspore primexine are considerably diminished, and their location differs from that of wild type, as does the distribution of pectin labeling. 27837085 5 82 theme Yariv 974:978 arg1 reagent 980:986 the arabinogalactan-protein (AGP)-specific β-Glc Yariv reagent 925:986 the arabinogalactan-protein (AGP)-specific β-Glc Yariv reagent 925:986 Using light microscopy with a combination of type II arabinogalactan (AG) antibodies and staining with the arabinogalactan-protein (AGP)-specific β-Glc Yariv reagent, we show that the levels of AGPs in the kns4 microspore primexine are considerably diminished, and their location differs from that of wild type, as does the distribution of pectin labeling. 27837085 5 83 theme kns4 1028:1031 arg1 primexine 1044:1052 the kns4 microspore primexine 1024:1052 the kns4 microspore primexine 1024:1052 Using light microscopy with a combination of type II arabinogalactan (AG) antibodies and staining with the arabinogalactan-protein (AGP)-specific β-Glc Yariv reagent, we show that the levels of AGPs in the kns4 microspore primexine are considerably diminished, and their location differs from that of wild type, as does the distribution of pectin labeling. 27837085 3 84 theme biochemical 615:625 arg1 characterization 627:642 the biochemical characterization 611:642 the biochemical characterization of the encoded protein 611:665 Here we describe the identification of the causal gene of kns4 that was found to be a member of the CAZy glycosyltransferase 31 gene family, identical to UNEVEN PATTERN OF EXINE1, and the biochemical characterization of the encoded protein. 27837085 4 85 theme laid 775:778 arg1 abnormality 739:749 an abnormality 736:749 an abnormality of the primexine matrix laid on the surface of developing microspores 736:819 The characteristic exine phenotype in the kns4 mutant is related to an abnormality of the primexine matrix laid on the surface of developing microspores. 27837085 3 86 theme gene 477:480 arg1 PATTERN 588:594 identical to UNEVEN PATTERN 568:594 identical to UNEVEN PATTERN OF EXINE1 568:604 Here we describe the identification of the causal gene of kns4 that was found to be a member of the CAZy glycosyltransferase 31 gene family, identical to UNEVEN PATTERN OF EXINE1, and the biochemical characterization of the encoded protein. 27837085 3 86 theme gene 477:480 arg1 characterization 627:642 the biochemical characterization 611:642 the biochemical characterization of the encoded protein 611:665 Here we describe the identification of the causal gene of kns4 that was found to be a member of the CAZy glycosyltransferase 31 gene family, identical to UNEVEN PATTERN OF EXINE1, and the biochemical characterization of the encoded protein. 27837085 3 86 theme gene 477:480 arg1 identification 448:461 the identification 444:461 the identification of the causal gene of kns4 that was found to be a member of the CAZy glycosyltransferase 31 gene family 444:565 Here we describe the identification of the causal gene of kns4 that was found to be a member of the CAZy glycosyltransferase 31 gene family, identical to UNEVEN PATTERN OF EXINE1, and the biochemical characterization of the encoded protein. 27837085 2 87 theme Arabidopsis 315:325 arg1 mutants 337:343 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants 302:343 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants with abnormal pollen exine structure and morphology that we named kaonashi (kns) 302:424 We previously characterized Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants with abnormal pollen exine structure and morphology that we named kaonashi (kns). 27837085 2 87 theme Arabidopsis 315:325 arg1 thaliana 327:334 Arabidopsis thaliana 315:334 Arabidopsis thaliana 315:334 We previously characterized Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants with abnormal pollen exine structure and morphology that we named kaonashi (kns). 27837085 3 88 theme encoded 651:657 arg1 protein 659:665 the encoded protein 647:665 the encoded protein 647:665 Here we describe the identification of the causal gene of kns4 that was found to be a member of the CAZy glycosyltransferase 31 gene family, identical to UNEVEN PATTERN OF EXINE1, and the biochemical characterization of the encoded protein. 27837085 2 89 theme pollen 359:364 arg1 structure 372:380 abnormal pollen exine structure 350:380 abnormal pollen exine structure 350:380 We previously characterized Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants with abnormal pollen exine structure and morphology that we named kaonashi (kns). 27924343 2 0 theme colloidal 326:334 arg1 stability 336:344 colloidal stability 326:344 colloidal stability of the obtained materials 326:370 Structural features were studied by XRD, spectroscopic methods (IR, UV-Vis and fluorescence) and TEM, while colloidal stability of the obtained materials was investigated by electrophoresis and light scattering in aqueous dispersions. 27924343 1 1 theme solid 164:168 arg1 support 170:176 solid support 164:176 solid support for superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes 164:215 Layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles were prepared and used as solid support for superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes. 27924343 1 1 theme solid 164:168 arg1 nanoparticles 124:136 Layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles 93:136 Layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles 93:136 Layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles were prepared and used as solid support for superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes. 27924343 6 2 theme stable 1061:1066 arg1 dispersions 1068:1078 highly stable dispersions 1054:1078 highly stable dispersions 1054:1078 Full coverage of the composite platelets with heparin resulted in highly stable dispersions, which contained only primary particles even at elevated ionic strengths. 27924343 7 3 dep candidate 1260:1268 arg1 wherever 1288:1295 wherever 1288:1295 wherever stable dispersions of antioxidant activity are required for instance in biomedical treatments or in chemical manufacturing processes 1288:1428 Our results indicate that the developed bionanocomposite of considerable enzymatic function is a suitable candidate for applications, wherever stable dispersions of antioxidant activity are required for instance in biomedical treatments or in chemical manufacturing processes. 27924343 5 4 theme charge 822:827 arg1 density 829:835 highly negative line charge density 801:835 highly negative line charge density 801:835 Heparin of highly negative line charge density strongly adsorbed on the oppositely charged hybrid particles leading to charge neutralization and overcharging at appropriate polyelectrolyte loading. 27924343 4 5 theme composite 601:609 arg1 material 611:618 The composite material 597:618 The composite material 597:618 The composite material showed moderate resistance against salt-induced aggregation in dispersions, therefore, heparin polyelectrolyte was used to improve the colloidal stability of the system. 27924343 7 6 theme stable 1297:1302 arg1 dispersions 1304:1314 stable dispersions 1297:1314 stable dispersions of antioxidant activity 1297:1338 Our results indicate that the developed bionanocomposite of considerable enzymatic function is a suitable candidate for applications, wherever stable dispersions of antioxidant activity are required for instance in biomedical treatments or in chemical manufacturing processes. 27924343 7 7 theme developed 1184:1192 arg1 function 1237:1244 considerable enzymatic function 1214:1244 considerable enzymatic function 1214:1244 Our results indicate that the developed bionanocomposite of considerable enzymatic function is a suitable candidate for applications, wherever stable dispersions of antioxidant activity are required for instance in biomedical treatments or in chemical manufacturing processes. 27924343 7 7 theme developed 1184:1192 arg1 candidate 1260:1268 a suitable candidate 1249:1268 a suitable candidate for applications 1249:1285 Our results indicate that the developed bionanocomposite of considerable enzymatic function is a suitable candidate for applications, wherever stable dispersions of antioxidant activity are required for instance in biomedical treatments or in chemical manufacturing processes. 27924343 7 7 theme developed 1184:1192 arg1 bionanocomposite 1194:1209 the developed bionanocomposite 1180:1209 the developed bionanocomposite of considerable enzymatic function 1180:1244 Our results indicate that the developed bionanocomposite of considerable enzymatic function is a suitable candidate for applications, wherever stable dispersions of antioxidant activity are required for instance in biomedical treatments or in chemical manufacturing processes. 27924343 7 8 theme function 1237:1244 arg1 function 1237:1244 considerable enzymatic function 1214:1244 considerable enzymatic function 1214:1244 Our results indicate that the developed bionanocomposite of considerable enzymatic function is a suitable candidate for applications, wherever stable dispersions of antioxidant activity are required for instance in biomedical treatments or in chemical manufacturing processes. 27924343 7 8 theme function 1237:1244 arg1 candidate 1260:1268 a suitable candidate 1249:1268 a suitable candidate for applications 1249:1285 Our results indicate that the developed bionanocomposite of considerable enzymatic function is a suitable candidate for applications, wherever stable dispersions of antioxidant activity are required for instance in biomedical treatments or in chemical manufacturing processes. 27924343 7 8 theme function 1237:1244 arg1 bionanocomposite 1194:1209 the developed bionanocomposite 1180:1209 the developed bionanocomposite of considerable enzymatic function 1180:1244 Our results indicate that the developed bionanocomposite of considerable enzymatic function is a suitable candidate for applications, wherever stable dispersions of antioxidant activity are required for instance in biomedical treatments or in chemical manufacturing processes. 27924343 5 9 theme charged 873:879 arg1 particles 888:896 the oppositely charged hybrid particles 858:896 the oppositely charged hybrid particles leading to charge neutralization and overcharging at appropriate polyelectrolyte loading 858:985 Heparin of highly negative line charge density strongly adsorbed on the oppositely charged hybrid particles leading to charge neutralization and overcharging at appropriate polyelectrolyte loading. 27924343 1 10 used used 156:159 arg2 support 170:176 solid support 164:176 solid support for superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes 164:215 Layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles were prepared and used as solid support for superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes. 27924343 1 10 used used 156:159 arg2 nanoparticles 124:136 Layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles 93:136 Layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles 93:136 Layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles were prepared and used as solid support for superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes. 27924343 1 11 theme superoxide 182:191 arg1 SOD 204:206 SOD 204:206 SOD 204:206 Layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles were prepared and used as solid support for superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes. 27924343 1 11 theme superoxide 182:191 arg1 dismutase 193:201 superoxide dismutase 182:201 superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes 182:215 Layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles were prepared and used as solid support for superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes. 27924343 5 12 theme line 817:820 arg1 density 829:835 highly negative line charge density 801:835 highly negative line charge density 801:835 Heparin of highly negative line charge density strongly adsorbed on the oppositely charged hybrid particles leading to charge neutralization and overcharging at appropriate polyelectrolyte loading. 27924343 7 13 theme considerable 1214:1225 arg1 function 1237:1244 considerable enzymatic function 1214:1244 considerable enzymatic function 1214:1244 Our results indicate that the developed bionanocomposite of considerable enzymatic function is a suitable candidate for applications, wherever stable dispersions of antioxidant activity are required for instance in biomedical treatments or in chemical manufacturing processes. 27924343 5 14 theme appropriate 951:961 arg1 loading 979:985 appropriate polyelectrolyte loading 951:985 appropriate polyelectrolyte loading 951:985 Heparin of highly negative line charge density strongly adsorbed on the oppositely charged hybrid particles leading to charge neutralization and overcharging at appropriate polyelectrolyte loading. 27924343 5 15 theme negative 808:815 arg1 density 829:835 highly negative line charge density 801:835 highly negative line charge density 801:835 Heparin of highly negative line charge density strongly adsorbed on the oppositely charged hybrid particles leading to charge neutralization and overcharging at appropriate polyelectrolyte loading. 27924343 2 16 theme spectroscopic 259:271 arg1 methods 273:279 spectroscopic methods 259:279 spectroscopic methods (IR, UV-Vis and fluorescence) 259:309 Structural features were studied by XRD, spectroscopic methods (IR, UV-Vis and fluorescence) and TEM, while colloidal stability of the obtained materials was investigated by electrophoresis and light scattering in aqueous dispersions. 27924343 2 17 theme materials 362:370 arg1 stability 336:344 colloidal stability 326:344 colloidal stability of the obtained materials 326:370 Structural features were studied by XRD, spectroscopic methods (IR, UV-Vis and fluorescence) and TEM, while colloidal stability of the obtained materials was investigated by electrophoresis and light scattering in aqueous dispersions. 27924343 2 18 theme aqueous 432:438 arg1 dispersions 440:450 aqueous dispersions 432:450 aqueous dispersions 432:450 Structural features were studied by XRD, spectroscopic methods (IR, UV-Vis and fluorescence) and TEM, while colloidal stability of the obtained materials was investigated by electrophoresis and light scattering in aqueous dispersions. 27924343 4 19 used used 735:738 arg2 polyelectrolyte 715:729 heparin polyelectrolyte 707:729 heparin polyelectrolyte 707:729 The composite material showed moderate resistance against salt-induced aggregation in dispersions, therefore, heparin polyelectrolyte was used to improve the colloidal stability of the system. 27924343 1 20 theme double 101:106 arg1 hydroxide 108:116 Layered double hydroxide 93:116 Layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles 93:136 Layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles were prepared and used as solid support for superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes. 27924343 1 20 theme double 101:106 arg1 LDH 119:121 LDH 119:121 LDH 119:121 Layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles were prepared and used as solid support for superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes. 27924343 6 21 theme ionic 1137:1141 arg1 strengths 1143:1151 elevated ionic strengths 1128:1151 elevated ionic strengths 1128:1151 Full coverage of the composite platelets with heparin resulted in highly stable dispersions, which contained only primary particles even at elevated ionic strengths. 27924343 2 22 theme obtained 353:360 arg1 materials 362:370 the obtained materials 349:370 the obtained materials 349:370 Structural features were studied by XRD, spectroscopic methods (IR, UV-Vis and fluorescence) and TEM, while colloidal stability of the obtained materials was investigated by electrophoresis and light scattering in aqueous dispersions. 27924343 6 23 with coverage 993:1000 arg1 heparin 1034:1040 heparin 1034:1040 heparin 1034:1040 Full coverage of the composite platelets with heparin resulted in highly stable dispersions, which contained only primary particles even at elevated ionic strengths. 27924343 1 24 theme hydroxide 108:116 arg1 support 170:176 solid support 164:176 solid support for superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes 164:215 Layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles were prepared and used as solid support for superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes. 27924343 1 24 theme hydroxide 108:116 arg1 nanoparticles 124:136 Layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles 93:136 Layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles 93:136 Layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles were prepared and used as solid support for superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes. 27924343 6 25 contain contained 1087:1095 arg2 dispersions 1068:1078 highly stable dispersions 1054:1078 highly stable dispersions 1054:1078 Full coverage of the composite platelets with heparin resulted in highly stable dispersions, which contained only primary particles even at elevated ionic strengths. 27924343 6 25 contain contained 1087:1095 arg1 dispersions 1068:1078 highly stable dispersions 1054:1078 highly stable dispersions 1054:1078 Full coverage of the composite platelets with heparin resulted in highly stable dispersions, which contained only primary particles even at elevated ionic strengths. 27924343 6 25 contain contained 1087:1095 arg1 strengths 1143:1151 elevated ionic strengths 1128:1151 elevated ionic strengths 1128:1151 Full coverage of the composite platelets with heparin resulted in highly stable dispersions, which contained only primary particles even at elevated ionic strengths. 27924343 6 25 contain contained 1087:1095 arg2 particles 1110:1118 only primary particles 1097:1118 only primary particles 1097:1118 Full coverage of the composite platelets with heparin resulted in highly stable dispersions, which contained only primary particles even at elevated ionic strengths. 27924343 1 26 theme dismutase 193:201 arg1 enzymes 209:215 superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes 182:215 superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes 182:215 Layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles were prepared and used as solid support for superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes. 27924343 7 27 from instance 1357:1364 arg1 processes 1420:1428 chemical manufacturing processes 1397:1428 chemical manufacturing processes 1397:1428 Our results indicate that the developed bionanocomposite of considerable enzymatic function is a suitable candidate for applications, wherever stable dispersions of antioxidant activity are required for instance in biomedical treatments or in chemical manufacturing processes. 27924343 7 27 from instance 1357:1364 arg1 treatments 1380:1389 biomedical treatments 1369:1389 biomedical treatments 1369:1389 Our results indicate that the developed bionanocomposite of considerable enzymatic function is a suitable candidate for applications, wherever stable dispersions of antioxidant activity are required for instance in biomedical treatments or in chemical manufacturing processes. 27924343 4 28 theme system 782:787 arg1 stability 765:773 the colloidal stability 751:773 the colloidal stability of the system 751:787 The composite material showed moderate resistance against salt-induced aggregation in dispersions, therefore, heparin polyelectrolyte was used to improve the colloidal stability of the system. 27924343 4 29 theme salt-induced 655:666 arg1 aggregation 668:678 salt-induced aggregation 655:678 salt-induced aggregation 655:678 The composite material showed moderate resistance against salt-induced aggregation in dispersions, therefore, heparin polyelectrolyte was used to improve the colloidal stability of the system. 27924343 2 30 theme light 412:416 arg1 scattering 418:427 light scattering 412:427 light scattering 412:427 Structural features were studied by XRD, spectroscopic methods (IR, UV-Vis and fluorescence) and TEM, while colloidal stability of the obtained materials was investigated by electrophoresis and light scattering in aqueous dispersions. 27924343 3 31 theme hydrophobic 517:527 arg1 interactions 529:540 electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions 499:540 electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions 499:540 The SOD quantitatively adsorbed on the LDH by electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions and kept its structural integrity upon immobilization. 27924343 3 32 theme structural 555:564 arg1 integrity 566:574 its structural integrity 551:574 its structural integrity 551:574 The SOD quantitatively adsorbed on the LDH by electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions and kept its structural integrity upon immobilization. 27924343 3 33 theme electrostatic 499:511 arg1 interactions 529:540 electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions 499:540 electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions 499:540 The SOD quantitatively adsorbed on the LDH by electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions and kept its structural integrity upon immobilization. 27924343 0 34 theme bionanomaterials 40:55 arg1 formulation 14:24 formulation 14:24 formulation 14:24 Synthesis and formulation of functional bionanomaterials with superoxide dismutase activity. 27924343 0 34 theme bionanomaterials 40:55 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis and formulation of functional bionanomaterials with superoxide dismutase activity. 27924343 6 35 theme platelets 1019:1027 arg1 coverage 993:1000 Full coverage 988:1000 Full coverage of the composite platelets with heparin 988:1040 Full coverage of the composite platelets with heparin resulted in highly stable dispersions, which contained only primary particles even at elevated ionic strengths. 27924343 6 36 theme elevated 1128:1135 arg1 strengths 1143:1151 elevated ionic strengths 1128:1151 elevated ionic strengths 1128:1151 Full coverage of the composite platelets with heparin resulted in highly stable dispersions, which contained only primary particles even at elevated ionic strengths. 27924343 5 37 theme hybrid 881:886 arg1 particles 888:896 the oppositely charged hybrid particles 858:896 the oppositely charged hybrid particles leading to charge neutralization and overcharging at appropriate polyelectrolyte loading 858:985 Heparin of highly negative line charge density strongly adsorbed on the oppositely charged hybrid particles leading to charge neutralization and overcharging at appropriate polyelectrolyte loading. 27924343 0 38 theme functional 29:38 arg1 bionanomaterials 40:55 functional bionanomaterials 29:55 functional bionanomaterials 29:55 Synthesis and formulation of functional bionanomaterials with superoxide dismutase activity. 27924343 6 39 theme composite 1009:1017 arg1 platelets 1019:1027 the composite platelets 1005:1027 the composite platelets 1005:1027 Full coverage of the composite platelets with heparin resulted in highly stable dispersions, which contained only primary particles even at elevated ionic strengths. 27924343 5 40 theme charge 909:914 arg1 neutralization 916:929 charge neutralization 909:929 charge neutralization 909:929 Heparin of highly negative line charge density strongly adsorbed on the oppositely charged hybrid particles leading to charge neutralization and overcharging at appropriate polyelectrolyte loading. 27924343 6 41 theme primary 1102:1108 arg1 particles 1110:1118 only primary particles 1097:1118 only primary particles 1097:1118 Full coverage of the composite platelets with heparin resulted in highly stable dispersions, which contained only primary particles even at elevated ionic strengths. 27924343 0 42 theme superoxide 62:71 arg1 dismutase 73:81 superoxide dismutase 62:81 superoxide dismutase activity 62:90 Synthesis and formulation of functional bionanomaterials with superoxide dismutase activity. 27924343 7 43 theme activity 1331:1338 arg1 dispersions 1304:1314 stable dispersions 1297:1314 stable dispersions of antioxidant activity 1297:1338 Our results indicate that the developed bionanocomposite of considerable enzymatic function is a suitable candidate for applications, wherever stable dispersions of antioxidant activity are required for instance in biomedical treatments or in chemical manufacturing processes. 27924343 2 44 theme Structural 218:227 arg1 features 229:236 Structural features 218:236 Structural features 218:236 Structural features were studied by XRD, spectroscopic methods (IR, UV-Vis and fluorescence) and TEM, while colloidal stability of the obtained materials was investigated by electrophoresis and light scattering in aqueous dispersions. 27924343 0 45 with formulation 14:24 arg1 activity 83:90 superoxide dismutase activity 62:90 superoxide dismutase activity 62:90 Synthesis and formulation of functional bionanomaterials with superoxide dismutase activity. 27924343 5 46 theme polyelectrolyte 963:977 arg1 loading 979:985 appropriate polyelectrolyte loading 951:985 appropriate polyelectrolyte loading 951:985 Heparin of highly negative line charge density strongly adsorbed on the oppositely charged hybrid particles leading to charge neutralization and overcharging at appropriate polyelectrolyte loading. 27924343 5 47 theme density 829:835 arg1 Heparin 790:796 Heparin 790:796 Heparin of highly negative line charge density 790:835 Heparin of highly negative line charge density strongly adsorbed on the oppositely charged hybrid particles leading to charge neutralization and overcharging at appropriate polyelectrolyte loading. 27924343 7 48 theme antioxidant 1319:1329 arg1 activity 1331:1338 antioxidant activity 1319:1338 antioxidant activity 1319:1338 Our results indicate that the developed bionanocomposite of considerable enzymatic function is a suitable candidate for applications, wherever stable dispersions of antioxidant activity are required for instance in biomedical treatments or in chemical manufacturing processes. 27924343 7 49 theme enzymatic 1227:1235 arg1 function 1237:1244 considerable enzymatic function 1214:1244 considerable enzymatic function 1214:1244 Our results indicate that the developed bionanocomposite of considerable enzymatic function is a suitable candidate for applications, wherever stable dispersions of antioxidant activity are required for instance in biomedical treatments or in chemical manufacturing processes. 27924343 0 50 with Synthesis 0:8 arg1 activity 83:90 superoxide dismutase activity 62:90 superoxide dismutase activity 62:90 Synthesis and formulation of functional bionanomaterials with superoxide dismutase activity. 27924343 4 51 theme colloidal 755:763 arg1 stability 765:773 the colloidal stability 751:773 the colloidal stability of the system 751:787 The composite material showed moderate resistance against salt-induced aggregation in dispersions, therefore, heparin polyelectrolyte was used to improve the colloidal stability of the system. 27924343 1 52 theme Layered 93:99 arg1 hydroxide 108:116 Layered double hydroxide 93:116 Layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles 93:136 Layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles were prepared and used as solid support for superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes. 27924343 1 52 theme Layered 93:99 arg1 LDH 119:121 LDH 119:121 LDH 119:121 Layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles were prepared and used as solid support for superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes. 27924343 5 53 dep particles 888:896 arg1 overcharging 935:946 overcharging 935:946 overcharging at appropriate polyelectrolyte loading 935:985 Heparin of highly negative line charge density strongly adsorbed on the oppositely charged hybrid particles leading to charge neutralization and overcharging at appropriate polyelectrolyte loading. 27924343 5 53 dep particles 888:896 arg1 leading 898:904 leading 898:904 leading to charge neutralization 898:929 Heparin of highly negative line charge density strongly adsorbed on the oppositely charged hybrid particles leading to charge neutralization and overcharging at appropriate polyelectrolyte loading. 27924343 7 54 theme biomedical 1369:1378 arg1 treatments 1380:1389 biomedical treatments 1369:1389 biomedical treatments 1369:1389 Our results indicate that the developed bionanocomposite of considerable enzymatic function is a suitable candidate for applications, wherever stable dispersions of antioxidant activity are required for instance in biomedical treatments or in chemical manufacturing processes. 27924343 4 55 from resistance 636:645 arg1 dispersions 683:693 dispersions 683:693 dispersions 683:693 The composite material showed moderate resistance against salt-induced aggregation in dispersions, therefore, heparin polyelectrolyte was used to improve the colloidal stability of the system. 27924343 7 56 theme chemical 1397:1404 arg1 processes 1420:1428 chemical manufacturing processes 1397:1428 chemical manufacturing processes 1397:1428 Our results indicate that the developed bionanocomposite of considerable enzymatic function is a suitable candidate for applications, wherever stable dispersions of antioxidant activity are required for instance in biomedical treatments or in chemical manufacturing processes. 27924343 7 57 theme manufacturing 1406:1418 arg1 processes 1420:1428 chemical manufacturing processes 1397:1428 chemical manufacturing processes 1397:1428 Our results indicate that the developed bionanocomposite of considerable enzymatic function is a suitable candidate for applications, wherever stable dispersions of antioxidant activity are required for instance in biomedical treatments or in chemical manufacturing processes. 27924343 2 58 dep methods 273:279 arg1 UV-Vis 286:291 UV-Vis 286:291 UV-Vis 286:291 Structural features were studied by XRD, spectroscopic methods (IR, UV-Vis and fluorescence) and TEM, while colloidal stability of the obtained materials was investigated by electrophoresis and light scattering in aqueous dispersions. 27924343 2 58 dep methods 273:279 arg1 IR 282:283 IR 282:283 IR 282:283 Structural features were studied by XRD, spectroscopic methods (IR, UV-Vis and fluorescence) and TEM, while colloidal stability of the obtained materials was investigated by electrophoresis and light scattering in aqueous dispersions. 27924343 2 58 dep methods 273:279 arg1 fluorescence 297:308 fluorescence 297:308 fluorescence 297:308 Structural features were studied by XRD, spectroscopic methods (IR, UV-Vis and fluorescence) and TEM, while colloidal stability of the obtained materials was investigated by electrophoresis and light scattering in aqueous dispersions. 27924343 0 59 theme dismutase 73:81 arg1 activity 83:90 superoxide dismutase activity 62:90 superoxide dismutase activity 62:90 Synthesis and formulation of functional bionanomaterials with superoxide dismutase activity. 27924343 6 60 theme Full 988:991 arg1 coverage 993:1000 Full coverage 988:1000 Full coverage of the composite platelets with heparin 988:1040 Full coverage of the composite platelets with heparin resulted in highly stable dispersions, which contained only primary particles even at elevated ionic strengths. 27924343 7 61 theme suitable 1251:1258 arg1 function 1237:1244 considerable enzymatic function 1214:1244 considerable enzymatic function 1214:1244 Our results indicate that the developed bionanocomposite of considerable enzymatic function is a suitable candidate for applications, wherever stable dispersions of antioxidant activity are required for instance in biomedical treatments or in chemical manufacturing processes. 27924343 7 61 theme suitable 1251:1258 arg1 bionanocomposite 1194:1209 the developed bionanocomposite 1180:1209 the developed bionanocomposite of considerable enzymatic function 1180:1244 Our results indicate that the developed bionanocomposite of considerable enzymatic function is a suitable candidate for applications, wherever stable dispersions of antioxidant activity are required for instance in biomedical treatments or in chemical manufacturing processes. 27924343 7 61 theme suitable 1251:1258 arg1 candidate 1260:1268 a suitable candidate 1249:1268 a suitable candidate for applications 1249:1285 Our results indicate that the developed bionanocomposite of considerable enzymatic function is a suitable candidate for applications, wherever stable dispersions of antioxidant activity are required for instance in biomedical treatments or in chemical manufacturing processes. 27924343 4 62 theme heparin 707:713 arg1 polyelectrolyte 715:729 heparin polyelectrolyte 707:729 heparin polyelectrolyte 707:729 The composite material showed moderate resistance against salt-induced aggregation in dispersions, therefore, heparin polyelectrolyte was used to improve the colloidal stability of the system. 27924343 4 63 theme moderate 627:634 arg1 resistance 636:645 moderate resistance 627:645 moderate resistance against salt-induced aggregation in dispersions 627:693 The composite material showed moderate resistance against salt-induced aggregation in dispersions, therefore, heparin polyelectrolyte was used to improve the colloidal stability of the system. 25646900 4 0 theme contaminated 886:897 arg1 water 899:903 contaminated water 886:903 contaminated water 886:903 The concept developed with this system consists in the absorption of contaminated water by the composite sponge, the in situ binding of target metal on Prussian blue load and the centrifugation of the material to remove treated water from soaked sponge. 25646900 3 1 theme fibers 644:649 arg1 temperature 546:556 the freezing temperature 533:556 the freezing temperature 533:556 Experimental conditions such as the freezing temperature, the content of PB, the concentration of the biopolymer and the presence of cellulose fibers have been varied in order to evaluate their effect on the porous structure of the sponge, its water absorption properties and finally its use for cesium(I) recovery. 25646900 3 1 theme fibers 644:649 arg1 concentration 582:594 the concentration 578:594 the concentration of the biopolymer 578:612 Experimental conditions such as the freezing temperature, the content of PB, the concentration of the biopolymer and the presence of cellulose fibers have been varied in order to evaluate their effect on the porous structure of the sponge, its water absorption properties and finally its use for cesium(I) recovery. 25646900 3 1 theme fibers 644:649 arg1 presence 622:629 the presence 618:629 the presence of cellulose fibers 618:649 Experimental conditions such as the freezing temperature, the content of PB, the concentration of the biopolymer and the presence of cellulose fibers have been varied in order to evaluate their effect on the porous structure of the sponge, its water absorption properties and finally its use for cesium(I) recovery. 25646900 3 1 theme fibers 644:649 arg1 content 563:569 the content 559:569 the content of PB 559:575 Experimental conditions such as the freezing temperature, the content of PB, the concentration of the biopolymer and the presence of cellulose fibers have been varied in order to evaluate their effect on the porous structure of the sponge, its water absorption properties and finally its use for cesium(I) recovery. 25646900 3 2 from effect 695:700 arg1 structure 716:724 the porous structure 705:724 the porous structure of the sponge 705:738 Experimental conditions such as the freezing temperature, the content of PB, the concentration of the biopolymer and the presence of cellulose fibers have been varied in order to evaluate their effect on the porous structure of the sponge, its water absorption properties and finally its use for cesium(I) recovery. 25646900 3 2 from effect 695:700 arg1 properties 762:771 its water absorption properties 741:771 its water absorption properties 741:771 Experimental conditions such as the freezing temperature, the content of PB, the concentration of the biopolymer and the presence of cellulose fibers have been varied in order to evaluate their effect on the porous structure of the sponge, its water absorption properties and finally its use for cesium(I) recovery. 25646900 3 2 from effect 695:700 arg1 use 789:791 finally its use 777:791 finally its use for cesium(I) recovery 777:814 Experimental conditions such as the freezing temperature, the content of PB, the concentration of the biopolymer and the presence of cellulose fibers have been varied in order to evaluate their effect on the porous structure of the sponge, its water absorption properties and finally its use for cesium(I) recovery. 25646900 4 3 from binding 942:948 arg1 load 983:986 Prussian blue load 969:986 Prussian blue load 969:986 The concept developed with this system consists in the absorption of contaminated water by the composite sponge, the in situ binding of target metal on Prussian blue load and the centrifugation of the material to remove treated water from soaked sponge. 25646900 3 4 theme water 745:749 arg1 properties 762:771 its water absorption properties 741:771 its water absorption properties 741:771 Experimental conditions such as the freezing temperature, the content of PB, the concentration of the biopolymer and the presence of cellulose fibers have been varied in order to evaluate their effect on the porous structure of the sponge, its water absorption properties and finally its use for cesium(I) recovery. 25646900 3 4 theme water 745:749 arg1 structure 716:724 the porous structure 705:724 the porous structure of the sponge 705:738 Experimental conditions such as the freezing temperature, the content of PB, the concentration of the biopolymer and the presence of cellulose fibers have been varied in order to evaluate their effect on the porous structure of the sponge, its water absorption properties and finally its use for cesium(I) recovery. 25646900 4 5 theme target 953:958 arg1 metal 960:964 target metal 953:964 target metal 953:964 The concept developed with this system consists in the absorption of contaminated water by the composite sponge, the in situ binding of target metal on Prussian blue load and the centrifugation of the material to remove treated water from soaked sponge. 25646900 3 6 theme absorption 751:760 arg1 properties 762:771 its water absorption properties 741:771 its water absorption properties 741:771 Experimental conditions such as the freezing temperature, the content of PB, the concentration of the biopolymer and the presence of cellulose fibers have been varied in order to evaluate their effect on the porous structure of the sponge, its water absorption properties and finally its use for cesium(I) recovery. 25646900 3 6 theme absorption 751:760 arg1 structure 716:724 the porous structure 705:724 the porous structure of the sponge 705:738 Experimental conditions such as the freezing temperature, the content of PB, the concentration of the biopolymer and the presence of cellulose fibers have been varied in order to evaluate their effect on the porous structure of the sponge, its water absorption properties and finally its use for cesium(I) recovery. 25646900 5 7 theme accidental 1136:1145 arg1 dumping 1147:1153 accidental dumping 1136:1153 accidental dumping of Cs-contaminated water 1136:1178 This material is supposed to be useful for the fast treatment of accidental dumping of Cs-contaminated water. 25646900 4 8 dep in 934:935 arg1 situ 937:940 situ 937:940 situ 937:940 The concept developed with this system consists in the absorption of contaminated water by the composite sponge, the in situ binding of target metal on Prussian blue load and the centrifugation of the material to remove treated water from soaked sponge. 25646900 5 9 theme Cs-contaminated 1158:1172 arg1 water 1174:1178 Cs-contaminated water 1158:1178 Cs-contaminated water 1158:1178 This material is supposed to be useful for the fast treatment of accidental dumping of Cs-contaminated water. 25646900 1 10 theme chitosan 317:324 arg1 sponge 326:331 chitosan sponge 317:331 chitosan sponge 317:331 Prussian blue (i.e., iron[III] hexacyanoferrate[II], PB) has been synthesized by reaction of iron(III) chloride with potassium hexacyanoferrate and further immobilized in chitosan sponge (cellulose fibers were added in some samples to evaluate their impact on mechanical resistance). 25646900 3 11 theme I 804:804 arg1 recovery 807:814 cesium(I) recovery 797:814 cesium(I) recovery 797:814 Experimental conditions such as the freezing temperature, the content of PB, the concentration of the biopolymer and the presence of cellulose fibers have been varied in order to evaluate their effect on the porous structure of the sponge, its water absorption properties and finally its use for cesium(I) recovery. 25646900 1 12 theme blue 155:158 arg1 PB 199:200 PB 199:200 PB 199:200 Prussian blue (i.e., iron[III] hexacyanoferrate[II], PB) has been synthesized by reaction of iron(III) chloride with potassium hexacyanoferrate and further immobilized in chitosan sponge (cellulose fibers were added in some samples to evaluate their impact on mechanical resistance). 25646900 1 12 theme blue 155:158 arg1 Prussian 146:153 Prussian blue 146:158 Prussian blue (i.e., iron[III] hexacyanoferrate[II], PB) 146:201 Prussian blue (i.e., iron[III] hexacyanoferrate[II], PB) has been synthesized by reaction of iron(III) chloride with potassium hexacyanoferrate and further immobilized in chitosan sponge (cellulose fibers were added in some samples to evaluate their impact on mechanical resistance). 25646900 0 13 theme blue 16:19 arg1 sponges 21:27 Chitin-Prussian blue sponges 0:27 Chitin-Prussian blue sponges for Cs(I) 0:37 Chitin-Prussian blue sponges for Cs(I) recovery: from synthesis to application in the treatment of accidental dumping of metal-bearing solutions. 25646900 1 14 theme mechanical 406:415 arg1 resistance 417:426 mechanical resistance 406:426 mechanical resistance 406:426 Prussian blue (i.e., iron[III] hexacyanoferrate[II], PB) has been synthesized by reaction of iron(III) chloride with potassium hexacyanoferrate and further immobilized in chitosan sponge (cellulose fibers were added in some samples to evaluate their impact on mechanical resistance). 25646900 4 15 theme material 1018:1025 arg1 centrifugation 996:1009 the centrifugation 992:1009 the centrifugation of the material to remove treated water from soaked sponge 992:1068 The concept developed with this system consists in the absorption of contaminated water by the composite sponge, the in situ binding of target metal on Prussian blue load and the centrifugation of the material to remove treated water from soaked sponge. 25646900 4 15 theme material 1018:1025 arg1 binding 942:948 the in situ binding 930:948 the in situ binding of target metal on Prussian blue load 930:986 The concept developed with this system consists in the absorption of contaminated water by the composite sponge, the in situ binding of target metal on Prussian blue load and the centrifugation of the material to remove treated water from soaked sponge. 25646900 4 15 theme material 1018:1025 arg1 sponge 922:927 the composite sponge 908:927 the composite sponge 908:927 The concept developed with this system consists in the absorption of contaminated water by the composite sponge, the in situ binding of target metal on Prussian blue load and the centrifugation of the material to remove treated water from soaked sponge. 25646900 0 16 theme Chitin-Prussian 0:14 arg1 sponges 21:27 Chitin-Prussian blue sponges 0:27 Chitin-Prussian blue sponges for Cs(I) 0:37 Chitin-Prussian blue sponges for Cs(I) recovery: from synthesis to application in the treatment of accidental dumping of metal-bearing solutions. 25646900 1 17 with reaction 227:234 arg1 hexacyanoferrate 273:288 potassium hexacyanoferrate 263:288 potassium hexacyanoferrate 263:288 Prussian blue (i.e., iron[III] hexacyanoferrate[II], PB) has been synthesized by reaction of iron(III) chloride with potassium hexacyanoferrate and further immobilized in chitosan sponge (cellulose fibers were added in some samples to evaluate their impact on mechanical resistance). 25646900 2 18 theme chitin-PB 483:491 arg1 sponge 493:498 a chitin-PB sponge 481:498 a chitin-PB sponge 481:498 The composite was finally re-acetylated to produce a chitin-PB sponge. 25646900 3 19 theme Experimental 501:512 arg1 temperature 546:556 the freezing temperature 533:556 the freezing temperature 533:556 Experimental conditions such as the freezing temperature, the content of PB, the concentration of the biopolymer and the presence of cellulose fibers have been varied in order to evaluate their effect on the porous structure of the sponge, its water absorption properties and finally its use for cesium(I) recovery. 25646900 3 19 theme Experimental 501:512 arg1 conditions 514:523 Experimental conditions 501:523 Experimental conditions such as the freezing temperature, the content of PB, the concentration of the biopolymer and the presence of cellulose fibers 501:649 Experimental conditions such as the freezing temperature, the content of PB, the concentration of the biopolymer and the presence of cellulose fibers have been varied in order to evaluate their effect on the porous structure of the sponge, its water absorption properties and finally its use for cesium(I) recovery. 25646900 3 19 theme Experimental 501:512 arg1 presence 622:629 the presence 618:629 the presence of cellulose fibers 618:649 Experimental conditions such as the freezing temperature, the content of PB, the concentration of the biopolymer and the presence of cellulose fibers have been varied in order to evaluate their effect on the porous structure of the sponge, its water absorption properties and finally its use for cesium(I) recovery. 25646900 3 19 theme Experimental 501:512 arg1 concentration 582:594 the concentration 578:594 the concentration of the biopolymer 578:612 Experimental conditions such as the freezing temperature, the content of PB, the concentration of the biopolymer and the presence of cellulose fibers have been varied in order to evaluate their effect on the porous structure of the sponge, its water absorption properties and finally its use for cesium(I) recovery. 25646900 3 19 theme Experimental 501:512 arg1 content 563:569 the content 559:569 the content of PB 559:575 Experimental conditions such as the freezing temperature, the content of PB, the concentration of the biopolymer and the presence of cellulose fibers have been varied in order to evaluate their effect on the porous structure of the sponge, its water absorption properties and finally its use for cesium(I) recovery. 25646900 4 20 from centrifugation 996:1009 arg1 load 983:986 Prussian blue load 969:986 Prussian blue load 969:986 The concept developed with this system consists in the absorption of contaminated water by the composite sponge, the in situ binding of target metal on Prussian blue load and the centrifugation of the material to remove treated water from soaked sponge. 25646900 1 21 theme iron 239:242 arg1 chloride 249:256 iron(III) chloride 239:256 iron(III) chloride 239:256 Prussian blue (i.e., iron[III] hexacyanoferrate[II], PB) has been synthesized by reaction of iron(III) chloride with potassium hexacyanoferrate and further immobilized in chitosan sponge (cellulose fibers were added in some samples to evaluate their impact on mechanical resistance). 25646900 0 22 from synthesis 54:62 arg1 recovery 39:46 recovery: 39:47 recovery: from synthesis to application in the treatment of accidental dumping of metal-bearing solutions 39:143 Chitin-Prussian blue sponges for Cs(I) recovery: from synthesis to application in the treatment of accidental dumping of metal-bearing solutions. 25646900 0 23 dep recovery 39:46 arg1 sponges 21:27 Chitin-Prussian blue sponges 0:27 Chitin-Prussian blue sponges for Cs(I) 0:37 Chitin-Prussian blue sponges for Cs(I) recovery: from synthesis to application in the treatment of accidental dumping of metal-bearing solutions. 25646900 4 24 from sponge 922:927 arg1 load 983:986 Prussian blue load 969:986 Prussian blue load 969:986 The concept developed with this system consists in the absorption of contaminated water by the composite sponge, the in situ binding of target metal on Prussian blue load and the centrifugation of the material to remove treated water from soaked sponge. 25646900 0 25 theme dumping 110:116 arg1 treatment 86:94 the treatment 82:94 the treatment of accidental dumping of metal-bearing solutions 82:143 Chitin-Prussian blue sponges for Cs(I) recovery: from synthesis to application in the treatment of accidental dumping of metal-bearing solutions. 25646900 1 26 theme cellulose 334:342 arg1 fibers 344:349 cellulose fibers 334:349 cellulose fibers 334:349 Prussian blue (i.e., iron[III] hexacyanoferrate[II], PB) has been synthesized by reaction of iron(III) chloride with potassium hexacyanoferrate and further immobilized in chitosan sponge (cellulose fibers were added in some samples to evaluate their impact on mechanical resistance). 25646900 5 27 theme water 1174:1178 arg1 dumping 1147:1153 accidental dumping 1136:1153 accidental dumping of Cs-contaminated water 1136:1178 This material is supposed to be useful for the fast treatment of accidental dumping of Cs-contaminated water. 25646900 4 28 theme water 899:903 arg1 absorption 872:881 the absorption 868:881 the absorption of contaminated water by the composite sponge, the in situ binding of target metal on Prussian blue load and the centrifugation of the material to remove treated water from soaked sponge 868:1068 The concept developed with this system consists in the absorption of contaminated water by the composite sponge, the in situ binding of target metal on Prussian blue load and the centrifugation of the material to remove treated water from soaked sponge. 25646900 0 29 theme accidental 99:108 arg1 dumping 110:116 accidental dumping 99:116 accidental dumping of metal-bearing solutions 99:143 Chitin-Prussian blue sponges for Cs(I) recovery: from synthesis to application in the treatment of accidental dumping of metal-bearing solutions. 25646900 4 30 theme in 934:935 arg1 binding 942:948 the in situ binding 930:948 the in situ binding of target metal on Prussian blue load 930:986 The concept developed with this system consists in the absorption of contaminated water by the composite sponge, the in situ binding of target metal on Prussian blue load and the centrifugation of the material to remove treated water from soaked sponge. 25646900 4 31 theme composite 912:920 arg1 sponge 922:927 the composite sponge 908:927 the composite sponge 908:927 The concept developed with this system consists in the absorption of contaminated water by the composite sponge, the in situ binding of target metal on Prussian blue load and the centrifugation of the material to remove treated water from soaked sponge. 25646900 3 32 theme porous 709:714 arg1 structure 716:724 the porous structure 705:724 the porous structure of the sponge 705:738 Experimental conditions such as the freezing temperature, the content of PB, the concentration of the biopolymer and the presence of cellulose fibers have been varied in order to evaluate their effect on the porous structure of the sponge, its water absorption properties and finally its use for cesium(I) recovery. 25646900 3 32 theme porous 709:714 arg1 properties 762:771 its water absorption properties 741:771 its water absorption properties 741:771 Experimental conditions such as the freezing temperature, the content of PB, the concentration of the biopolymer and the presence of cellulose fibers have been varied in order to evaluate their effect on the porous structure of the sponge, its water absorption properties and finally its use for cesium(I) recovery. 25646900 3 32 theme porous 709:714 arg1 use 789:791 finally its use 777:791 finally its use for cesium(I) recovery 777:814 Experimental conditions such as the freezing temperature, the content of PB, the concentration of the biopolymer and the presence of cellulose fibers have been varied in order to evaluate their effect on the porous structure of the sponge, its water absorption properties and finally its use for cesium(I) recovery. 25646900 0 33 theme metal-bearing 121:133 arg1 solutions 135:143 metal-bearing solutions 121:143 metal-bearing solutions 121:143 Chitin-Prussian blue sponges for Cs(I) recovery: from synthesis to application in the treatment of accidental dumping of metal-bearing solutions. 25646900 4 34 from sponge 1063:1068 arg1 water 1045:1049 treated water 1037:1049 treated water from soaked sponge 1037:1068 The concept developed with this system consists in the absorption of contaminated water by the composite sponge, the in situ binding of target metal on Prussian blue load and the centrifugation of the material to remove treated water from soaked sponge. 25646900 4 35 theme soaked 1056:1061 arg1 sponge 1063:1068 soaked sponge 1056:1068 soaked sponge 1056:1068 The concept developed with this system consists in the absorption of contaminated water by the composite sponge, the in situ binding of target metal on Prussian blue load and the centrifugation of the material to remove treated water from soaked sponge. 25646900 1 36 theme chloride 249:256 arg1 reaction 227:234 reaction 227:234 reaction of iron(III) chloride with potassium hexacyanoferrate 227:288 Prussian blue (i.e., iron[III] hexacyanoferrate[II], PB) has been synthesized by reaction of iron(III) chloride with potassium hexacyanoferrate and further immobilized in chitosan sponge (cellulose fibers were added in some samples to evaluate their impact on mechanical resistance). 25646900 3 37 theme cellulose 634:642 arg1 fibers 644:649 cellulose fibers 634:649 cellulose fibers 634:649 Experimental conditions such as the freezing temperature, the content of PB, the concentration of the biopolymer and the presence of cellulose fibers have been varied in order to evaluate their effect on the porous structure of the sponge, its water absorption properties and finally its use for cesium(I) recovery. 25646900 3 38 theme freezing 537:544 arg1 temperature 546:556 the freezing temperature 533:556 the freezing temperature 533:556 Experimental conditions such as the freezing temperature, the content of PB, the concentration of the biopolymer and the presence of cellulose fibers have been varied in order to evaluate their effect on the porous structure of the sponge, its water absorption properties and finally its use for cesium(I) recovery. 25646900 5 39 theme dumping 1147:1153 arg1 treatment 1123:1131 the fast treatment 1114:1131 the fast treatment of accidental dumping of Cs-contaminated water 1114:1178 This material is supposed to be useful for the fast treatment of accidental dumping of Cs-contaminated water. 25646900 4 40 theme metal 960:964 arg1 centrifugation 996:1009 the centrifugation 992:1009 the centrifugation of the material to remove treated water from soaked sponge 992:1068 The concept developed with this system consists in the absorption of contaminated water by the composite sponge, the in situ binding of target metal on Prussian blue load and the centrifugation of the material to remove treated water from soaked sponge. 25646900 4 40 theme metal 960:964 arg1 binding 942:948 the in situ binding 930:948 the in situ binding of target metal on Prussian blue load 930:986 The concept developed with this system consists in the absorption of contaminated water by the composite sponge, the in situ binding of target metal on Prussian blue load and the centrifugation of the material to remove treated water from soaked sponge. 25646900 4 40 theme metal 960:964 arg1 sponge 922:927 the composite sponge 908:927 the composite sponge 908:927 The concept developed with this system consists in the absorption of contaminated water by the composite sponge, the in situ binding of target metal on Prussian blue load and the centrifugation of the material to remove treated water from soaked sponge. 25646900 0 41 theme solutions 135:143 arg1 dumping 110:116 accidental dumping 99:116 accidental dumping of metal-bearing solutions 99:143 Chitin-Prussian blue sponges for Cs(I) recovery: from synthesis to application in the treatment of accidental dumping of metal-bearing solutions. 25646900 0 42 from application 67:77 arg1 treatment 86:94 the treatment 82:94 the treatment of accidental dumping of metal-bearing solutions 82:143 Chitin-Prussian blue sponges for Cs(I) recovery: from synthesis to application in the treatment of accidental dumping of metal-bearing solutions. 25646900 3 43 theme PB 574:575 arg1 temperature 546:556 the freezing temperature 533:556 the freezing temperature 533:556 Experimental conditions such as the freezing temperature, the content of PB, the concentration of the biopolymer and the presence of cellulose fibers have been varied in order to evaluate their effect on the porous structure of the sponge, its water absorption properties and finally its use for cesium(I) recovery. 25646900 3 43 theme PB 574:575 arg1 concentration 582:594 the concentration 578:594 the concentration of the biopolymer 578:612 Experimental conditions such as the freezing temperature, the content of PB, the concentration of the biopolymer and the presence of cellulose fibers have been varied in order to evaluate their effect on the porous structure of the sponge, its water absorption properties and finally its use for cesium(I) recovery. 25646900 3 43 theme PB 574:575 arg1 presence 622:629 the presence 618:629 the presence of cellulose fibers 618:649 Experimental conditions such as the freezing temperature, the content of PB, the concentration of the biopolymer and the presence of cellulose fibers have been varied in order to evaluate their effect on the porous structure of the sponge, its water absorption properties and finally its use for cesium(I) recovery. 25646900 3 43 theme PB 574:575 arg1 content 563:569 the content 559:569 the content of PB 559:575 Experimental conditions such as the freezing temperature, the content of PB, the concentration of the biopolymer and the presence of cellulose fibers have been varied in order to evaluate their effect on the porous structure of the sponge, its water absorption properties and finally its use for cesium(I) recovery. 25646900 4 44 theme treated 1037:1043 arg1 water 1045:1049 treated water 1037:1049 treated water from soaked sponge 1037:1068 The concept developed with this system consists in the absorption of contaminated water by the composite sponge, the in situ binding of target metal on Prussian blue load and the centrifugation of the material to remove treated water from soaked sponge. 25646900 4 45 theme blue 978:981 arg1 load 983:986 Prussian blue load 969:986 Prussian blue load 969:986 The concept developed with this system consists in the absorption of contaminated water by the composite sponge, the in situ binding of target metal on Prussian blue load and the centrifugation of the material to remove treated water from soaked sponge. 25646900 3 46 theme sponge 733:738 arg1 structure 716:724 the porous structure 705:724 the porous structure of the sponge 705:738 Experimental conditions such as the freezing temperature, the content of PB, the concentration of the biopolymer and the presence of cellulose fibers have been varied in order to evaluate their effect on the porous structure of the sponge, its water absorption properties and finally its use for cesium(I) recovery. 25646900 3 46 theme sponge 733:738 arg1 properties 762:771 its water absorption properties 741:771 its water absorption properties 741:771 Experimental conditions such as the freezing temperature, the content of PB, the concentration of the biopolymer and the presence of cellulose fibers have been varied in order to evaluate their effect on the porous structure of the sponge, its water absorption properties and finally its use for cesium(I) recovery. 25646900 3 46 theme sponge 733:738 arg1 use 789:791 finally its use 777:791 finally its use for cesium(I) recovery 777:814 Experimental conditions such as the freezing temperature, the content of PB, the concentration of the biopolymer and the presence of cellulose fibers have been varied in order to evaluate their effect on the porous structure of the sponge, its water absorption properties and finally its use for cesium(I) recovery. 25646900 3 47 theme biopolymer 603:612 arg1 temperature 546:556 the freezing temperature 533:556 the freezing temperature 533:556 Experimental conditions such as the freezing temperature, the content of PB, the concentration of the biopolymer and the presence of cellulose fibers have been varied in order to evaluate their effect on the porous structure of the sponge, its water absorption properties and finally its use for cesium(I) recovery. 25646900 3 47 theme biopolymer 603:612 arg1 concentration 582:594 the concentration 578:594 the concentration of the biopolymer 578:612 Experimental conditions such as the freezing temperature, the content of PB, the concentration of the biopolymer and the presence of cellulose fibers have been varied in order to evaluate their effect on the porous structure of the sponge, its water absorption properties and finally its use for cesium(I) recovery. 25646900 3 47 theme biopolymer 603:612 arg1 presence 622:629 the presence 618:629 the presence of cellulose fibers 618:649 Experimental conditions such as the freezing temperature, the content of PB, the concentration of the biopolymer and the presence of cellulose fibers have been varied in order to evaluate their effect on the porous structure of the sponge, its water absorption properties and finally its use for cesium(I) recovery. 25646900 3 47 theme biopolymer 603:612 arg1 content 563:569 the content 559:569 the content of PB 559:575 Experimental conditions such as the freezing temperature, the content of PB, the concentration of the biopolymer and the presence of cellulose fibers have been varied in order to evaluate their effect on the porous structure of the sponge, its water absorption properties and finally its use for cesium(I) recovery. 25646900 5 48 theme fast 1118:1121 arg1 treatment 1123:1131 the fast treatment 1114:1131 the fast treatment of accidental dumping of Cs-contaminated water 1114:1178 This material is supposed to be useful for the fast treatment of accidental dumping of Cs-contaminated water. 25646900 4 49 theme Prussian 969:976 arg1 load 983:986 Prussian blue load 969:986 Prussian blue load 969:986 The concept developed with this system consists in the absorption of contaminated water by the composite sponge, the in situ binding of target metal on Prussian blue load and the centrifugation of the material to remove treated water from soaked sponge. 25646900 1 50 theme potassium 263:271 arg1 hexacyanoferrate 273:288 potassium hexacyanoferrate 263:288 potassium hexacyanoferrate 263:288 Prussian blue (i.e., iron[III] hexacyanoferrate[II], PB) has been synthesized by reaction of iron(III) chloride with potassium hexacyanoferrate and further immobilized in chitosan sponge (cellulose fibers were added in some samples to evaluate their impact on mechanical resistance). 25646900 1 51 dep iron[III 167:174 arg1 i.e. 161:164 i.e. 161:164 i.e. 161:164 Prussian blue (i.e., iron[III] hexacyanoferrate[II], PB) has been synthesized by reaction of iron(III) chloride with potassium hexacyanoferrate and further immobilized in chitosan sponge (cellulose fibers were added in some samples to evaluate their impact on mechanical resistance). 25646900 1 52 from impact 396:401 arg1 resistance 417:426 mechanical resistance 406:426 mechanical resistance 406:426 Prussian blue (i.e., iron[III] hexacyanoferrate[II], PB) has been synthesized by reaction of iron(III) chloride with potassium hexacyanoferrate and further immobilized in chitosan sponge (cellulose fibers were added in some samples to evaluate their impact on mechanical resistance). 25646900 3 53 theme cesium 797:802 arg1 recovery 807:814 cesium(I) recovery 797:814 cesium(I) recovery 797:814 Experimental conditions such as the freezing temperature, the content of PB, the concentration of the biopolymer and the presence of cellulose fibers have been varied in order to evaluate their effect on the porous structure of the sponge, its water absorption properties and finally its use for cesium(I) recovery. 27842818 1 0 theme important 350:358 arg1 factors 360:366 the most important factors 341:366 the most important factors for wound dressings 341:386 The aim of this study was to provide a convenient surface modification method for polyurethane (PU) membrane and evaluate its influence on hydrophilicity, antibacterial activity and cell functions, which are the most important factors for wound dressings. 27842818 1 0 theme important 350:358 arg1 hydrophilicity 272:285 hydrophilicity 272:285 hydrophilicity 272:285 The aim of this study was to provide a convenient surface modification method for polyurethane (PU) membrane and evaluate its influence on hydrophilicity, antibacterial activity and cell functions, which are the most important factors for wound dressings. 27842818 1 0 theme important 350:358 arg1 activity 302:309 antibacterial activity 288:309 antibacterial activity 288:309 The aim of this study was to provide a convenient surface modification method for polyurethane (PU) membrane and evaluate its influence on hydrophilicity, antibacterial activity and cell functions, which are the most important factors for wound dressings. 27842818 1 0 theme important 350:358 arg1 functions 320:328 cell functions 315:328 cell functions 315:328 The aim of this study was to provide a convenient surface modification method for polyurethane (PU) membrane and evaluate its influence on hydrophilicity, antibacterial activity and cell functions, which are the most important factors for wound dressings. 27842818 1 1 theme convenient 172:181 arg1 method 204:209 a convenient surface modification method 170:209 a convenient surface modification method for polyurethane (PU) membrane 170:240 The aim of this study was to provide a convenient surface modification method for polyurethane (PU) membrane and evaluate its influence on hydrophilicity, antibacterial activity and cell functions, which are the most important factors for wound dressings. 27842818 0 2 theme adhesive 117:124 arg1 layer 126:130 polydopamine adhesive layer 104:130 polydopamine adhesive layer 104:130 Antibacterial activity and cytocompatibility of chitooligosaccharide-modified polyurethane membrane via polydopamine adhesive layer. 27842818 1 3 theme surface 183:189 arg1 method 204:209 a convenient surface modification method 170:209 a convenient surface modification method for polyurethane (PU) membrane 170:240 The aim of this study was to provide a convenient surface modification method for polyurethane (PU) membrane and evaluate its influence on hydrophilicity, antibacterial activity and cell functions, which are the most important factors for wound dressings. 27842818 6 4 theme culture 1030:1036 arg1 results 1038:1044 Cells culture results 1024:1044 Cells culture results 1024:1044 Cells culture results revealed that COS-functionalized PU membrane is more beneficial to the adhesion and proliferation of NIH-3T3 cells compared to the original and PDOPA-modified PU membranes. 27842818 6 5 dep adhesion 1117:1124 arg1 the 1113:1115 the 1113:1115 the 1113:1115 Cells culture results revealed that COS-functionalized PU membrane is more beneficial to the adhesion and proliferation of NIH-3T3 cells compared to the original and PDOPA-modified PU membranes. 27842818 6 6 theme Cells 1024:1028 arg1 results 1038:1044 Cells culture results 1024:1044 Cells culture results 1024:1044 Cells culture results revealed that COS-functionalized PU membrane is more beneficial to the adhesion and proliferation of NIH-3T3 cells compared to the original and PDOPA-modified PU membranes. 27842818 1 7 theme wound 372:376 arg1 dressings 378:386 wound dressings 372:386 wound dressings 372:386 The aim of this study was to provide a convenient surface modification method for polyurethane (PU) membrane and evaluate its influence on hydrophilicity, antibacterial activity and cell functions, which are the most important factors for wound dressings. 27842818 4 8 theme membrane 708:715 arg1 roughness 669:677 Surface roughness 661:677 Surface roughness 661:677 Surface roughness and hydrophilicity of the PU membrane were obviously increased by modified with polydopamine (PDOPA) and COS. 27842818 4 8 theme membrane 708:715 arg1 hydrophilicity 683:696 hydrophilicity 683:696 hydrophilicity 683:696 Surface roughness and hydrophilicity of the PU membrane were obviously increased by modified with polydopamine (PDOPA) and COS. 27842818 1 9 theme antibacterial 288:300 arg1 factors 360:366 the most important factors 341:366 the most important factors for wound dressings 341:386 The aim of this study was to provide a convenient surface modification method for polyurethane (PU) membrane and evaluate its influence on hydrophilicity, antibacterial activity and cell functions, which are the most important factors for wound dressings. 27842818 1 9 theme antibacterial 288:300 arg1 hydrophilicity 272:285 hydrophilicity 272:285 hydrophilicity 272:285 The aim of this study was to provide a convenient surface modification method for polyurethane (PU) membrane and evaluate its influence on hydrophilicity, antibacterial activity and cell functions, which are the most important factors for wound dressings. 27842818 1 9 theme antibacterial 288:300 arg1 activity 302:309 antibacterial activity 288:309 antibacterial activity 288:309 The aim of this study was to provide a convenient surface modification method for polyurethane (PU) membrane and evaluate its influence on hydrophilicity, antibacterial activity and cell functions, which are the most important factors for wound dressings. 27842818 1 9 theme antibacterial 288:300 arg1 functions 320:328 cell functions 315:328 cell functions 315:328 The aim of this study was to provide a convenient surface modification method for polyurethane (PU) membrane and evaluate its influence on hydrophilicity, antibacterial activity and cell functions, which are the most important factors for wound dressings. 27842818 1 10 theme modification 191:202 arg1 method 204:209 a convenient surface modification method 170:209 a convenient surface modification method for polyurethane (PU) membrane 170:240 The aim of this study was to provide a convenient surface modification method for polyurethane (PU) membrane and evaluate its influence on hydrophilicity, antibacterial activity and cell functions, which are the most important factors for wound dressings. 27842818 2 11 theme dopamine 515:522 arg1 self-polymerization 492:510 the self-polymerization 488:510 the self-polymerization of dopamine (DOPA) 488:529 For this purpose, chitooligosaccharide (COS) was modified onto the surface of PU membrane based on the self-polymerization of dopamine (DOPA). 27842818 3 12 theme Surface 532:538 arg1 composition 540:550 Surface composition 532:550 Surface composition 532:550 Surface composition, morphology, hydrophilicity and surface energy of the original and modified PU membranes were characterized. 27842818 4 13 theme Surface 661:667 arg1 roughness 669:677 Surface roughness 661:677 Surface roughness 661:677 Surface roughness and hydrophilicity of the PU membrane were obviously increased by modified with polydopamine (PDOPA) and COS. 27842818 5 14 theme PU 906:907 arg1 membrane 909:916 PU membrane 906:916 PU membrane 906:916 Antibacterial experiment against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus indicated that antibacterial activity of PU membrane increased only slightly by modified with PDOPA, but increased significantly by further modified with COS. 27842818 0 15 theme Antibacterial 0:12 arg1 activity 14:21 Antibacterial activity 0:21 Antibacterial activity 0:21 Antibacterial activity and cytocompatibility of chitooligosaccharide-modified polyurethane membrane via polydopamine adhesive layer. 27842818 6 16 theme PU 1205:1206 arg1 membranes 1208:1216 the original and PDOPA-modified PU membranes 1173:1216 the original and PDOPA-modified PU membranes 1173:1216 Cells culture results revealed that COS-functionalized PU membrane is more beneficial to the adhesion and proliferation of NIH-3T3 cells compared to the original and PDOPA-modified PU membranes. 27842818 1 17 theme polyurethane 215:226 arg1 membrane 233:240 polyurethane (PU) membrane 215:240 polyurethane (PU) membrane 215:240 The aim of this study was to provide a convenient surface modification method for polyurethane (PU) membrane and evaluate its influence on hydrophilicity, antibacterial activity and cell functions, which are the most important factors for wound dressings. 27842818 6 18 theme PDOPA-modified 1190:1203 arg1 membranes 1208:1216 the original and PDOPA-modified PU membranes 1173:1216 the original and PDOPA-modified PU membranes 1173:1216 Cells culture results revealed that COS-functionalized PU membrane is more beneficial to the adhesion and proliferation of NIH-3T3 cells compared to the original and PDOPA-modified PU membranes. 27842818 1 19 theme cell 315:318 arg1 factors 360:366 the most important factors 341:366 the most important factors for wound dressings 341:386 The aim of this study was to provide a convenient surface modification method for polyurethane (PU) membrane and evaluate its influence on hydrophilicity, antibacterial activity and cell functions, which are the most important factors for wound dressings. 27842818 1 19 theme cell 315:318 arg1 hydrophilicity 272:285 hydrophilicity 272:285 hydrophilicity 272:285 The aim of this study was to provide a convenient surface modification method for polyurethane (PU) membrane and evaluate its influence on hydrophilicity, antibacterial activity and cell functions, which are the most important factors for wound dressings. 27842818 1 19 theme cell 315:318 arg1 activity 302:309 antibacterial activity 288:309 antibacterial activity 288:309 The aim of this study was to provide a convenient surface modification method for polyurethane (PU) membrane and evaluate its influence on hydrophilicity, antibacterial activity and cell functions, which are the most important factors for wound dressings. 27842818 1 19 theme cell 315:318 arg1 functions 320:328 cell functions 315:328 cell functions 315:328 The aim of this study was to provide a convenient surface modification method for polyurethane (PU) membrane and evaluate its influence on hydrophilicity, antibacterial activity and cell functions, which are the most important factors for wound dressings. 27842818 4 20 theme PU 705:706 arg1 membrane 708:715 the PU membrane 701:715 the PU membrane 701:715 Surface roughness and hydrophilicity of the PU membrane were obviously increased by modified with polydopamine (PDOPA) and COS. 27842818 1 21 theme PU 229:230 arg1 membrane 233:240 polyurethane (PU) membrane 215:240 polyurethane (PU) membrane 215:240 The aim of this study was to provide a convenient surface modification method for polyurethane (PU) membrane and evaluate its influence on hydrophilicity, antibacterial activity and cell functions, which are the most important factors for wound dressings. 27842818 0 22 theme chitooligosaccharide-modified 48:76 arg1 membrane 91:98 chitooligosaccharide-modified polyurethane membrane 48:98 chitooligosaccharide-modified polyurethane membrane 48:98 Antibacterial activity and cytocompatibility of chitooligosaccharide-modified polyurethane membrane via polydopamine adhesive layer. 27842818 5 23 theme membrane 909:916 arg1 activity 894:901 antibacterial activity 880:901 antibacterial activity of PU membrane 880:916 Antibacterial experiment against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus indicated that antibacterial activity of PU membrane increased only slightly by modified with PDOPA, but increased significantly by further modified with COS. 27842818 2 24 theme membrane 470:477 arg1 surface 456:462 the surface 452:462 the surface of PU membrane based on the self-polymerization of dopamine (DOPA) 452:529 For this purpose, chitooligosaccharide (COS) was modified onto the surface of PU membrane based on the self-polymerization of dopamine (DOPA). 27842818 5 25 theme Antibacterial 789:801 arg1 experiment 803:812 Antibacterial experiment 789:812 Antibacterial experiment against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus 789:863 Antibacterial experiment against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus indicated that antibacterial activity of PU membrane increased only slightly by modified with PDOPA, but increased significantly by further modified with COS. 27842818 3 26 theme membranes 631:639 arg1 composition 540:550 Surface composition 532:550 Surface composition 532:550 Surface composition, morphology, hydrophilicity and surface energy of the original and modified PU membranes were characterized. 27842818 3 26 theme membranes 631:639 arg1 hydrophilicity 565:578 hydrophilicity 565:578 hydrophilicity 565:578 Surface composition, morphology, hydrophilicity and surface energy of the original and modified PU membranes were characterized. 27842818 3 26 theme membranes 631:639 arg1 energy 592:597 surface energy 584:597 surface energy 584:597 Surface composition, morphology, hydrophilicity and surface energy of the original and modified PU membranes were characterized. 27842818 3 26 theme membranes 631:639 arg1 morphology 553:562 morphology 553:562 morphology 553:562 Surface composition, morphology, hydrophilicity and surface energy of the original and modified PU membranes were characterized. 27842818 5 27 theme antibacterial 880:892 arg1 activity 894:901 antibacterial activity 880:901 antibacterial activity of PU membrane 880:916 Antibacterial experiment against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus indicated that antibacterial activity of PU membrane increased only slightly by modified with PDOPA, but increased significantly by further modified with COS. 27842818 0 28 theme membrane 91:98 arg1 cytocompatibility 27:43 cytocompatibility 27:43 cytocompatibility 27:43 Antibacterial activity and cytocompatibility of chitooligosaccharide-modified polyurethane membrane via polydopamine adhesive layer. 27842818 0 28 theme membrane 91:98 arg1 activity 14:21 Antibacterial activity 0:21 Antibacterial activity 0:21 Antibacterial activity and cytocompatibility of chitooligosaccharide-modified polyurethane membrane via polydopamine adhesive layer. 27842818 3 29 theme surface 584:590 arg1 energy 592:597 surface energy 584:597 surface energy 584:597 Surface composition, morphology, hydrophilicity and surface energy of the original and modified PU membranes were characterized. 27842818 6 30 theme original 1177:1184 arg1 membranes 1208:1216 the original and PDOPA-modified PU membranes 1173:1216 the original and PDOPA-modified PU membranes 1173:1216 Cells culture results revealed that COS-functionalized PU membrane is more beneficial to the adhesion and proliferation of NIH-3T3 cells compared to the original and PDOPA-modified PU membranes. 27842818 0 31 theme polyurethane 78:89 arg1 membrane 91:98 chitooligosaccharide-modified polyurethane membrane 48:98 chitooligosaccharide-modified polyurethane membrane 48:98 Antibacterial activity and cytocompatibility of chitooligosaccharide-modified polyurethane membrane via polydopamine adhesive layer. 27842818 1 32 from influence 259:267 arg1 factors 360:366 the most important factors 341:366 the most important factors for wound dressings 341:386 The aim of this study was to provide a convenient surface modification method for polyurethane (PU) membrane and evaluate its influence on hydrophilicity, antibacterial activity and cell functions, which are the most important factors for wound dressings. 27842818 1 32 from influence 259:267 arg1 hydrophilicity 272:285 hydrophilicity 272:285 hydrophilicity 272:285 The aim of this study was to provide a convenient surface modification method for polyurethane (PU) membrane and evaluate its influence on hydrophilicity, antibacterial activity and cell functions, which are the most important factors for wound dressings. 27842818 1 32 from influence 259:267 arg1 activity 302:309 antibacterial activity 288:309 antibacterial activity 288:309 The aim of this study was to provide a convenient surface modification method for polyurethane (PU) membrane and evaluate its influence on hydrophilicity, antibacterial activity and cell functions, which are the most important factors for wound dressings. 27842818 1 32 from influence 259:267 arg1 functions 320:328 cell functions 315:328 cell functions 315:328 The aim of this study was to provide a convenient surface modification method for polyurethane (PU) membrane and evaluate its influence on hydrophilicity, antibacterial activity and cell functions, which are the most important factors for wound dressings. 27842818 1 33 theme study 149:153 arg1 aim 137:139 The aim 133:139 The aim of this study 133:153 The aim of this study was to provide a convenient surface modification method for polyurethane (PU) membrane and evaluate its influence on hydrophilicity, antibacterial activity and cell functions, which are the most important factors for wound dressings. 27842818 3 34 theme modified 619:626 arg1 membranes 631:639 modified PU membranes 619:639 modified PU membranes 619:639 Surface composition, morphology, hydrophilicity and surface energy of the original and modified PU membranes were characterized. 27842818 6 35 theme PU 1079:1080 arg1 membrane 1082:1089 COS-functionalized PU membrane 1060:1089 COS-functionalized PU membrane 1060:1089 Cells culture results revealed that COS-functionalized PU membrane is more beneficial to the adhesion and proliferation of NIH-3T3 cells compared to the original and PDOPA-modified PU membranes. 27842818 3 36 theme PU 628:629 arg1 membranes 631:639 modified PU membranes 619:639 modified PU membranes 619:639 Surface composition, morphology, hydrophilicity and surface energy of the original and modified PU membranes were characterized. 27842818 6 37 theme COS-functionalized 1060:1077 arg1 membrane 1082:1089 COS-functionalized PU membrane 1060:1089 COS-functionalized PU membrane 1060:1089 Cells culture results revealed that COS-functionalized PU membrane is more beneficial to the adhesion and proliferation of NIH-3T3 cells compared to the original and PDOPA-modified PU membranes. 27842818 0 38 theme polydopamine 104:115 arg1 layer 126:130 polydopamine adhesive layer 104:130 polydopamine adhesive layer 104:130 Antibacterial activity and cytocompatibility of chitooligosaccharide-modified polyurethane membrane via polydopamine adhesive layer. 27842818 3 39 theme original 606:613 arg1 composition 540:550 Surface composition 532:550 Surface composition 532:550 Surface composition, morphology, hydrophilicity and surface energy of the original and modified PU membranes were characterized. 27842818 3 39 theme original 606:613 arg1 hydrophilicity 565:578 hydrophilicity 565:578 hydrophilicity 565:578 Surface composition, morphology, hydrophilicity and surface energy of the original and modified PU membranes were characterized. 27842818 3 39 theme original 606:613 arg1 energy 592:597 surface energy 584:597 surface energy 584:597 Surface composition, morphology, hydrophilicity and surface energy of the original and modified PU membranes were characterized. 27842818 3 39 theme original 606:613 arg1 morphology 553:562 morphology 553:562 morphology 553:562 Surface composition, morphology, hydrophilicity and surface energy of the original and modified PU membranes were characterized. 27842818 6 40 theme cells 1155:1159 arg1 proliferation 1130:1142 proliferation 1130:1142 proliferation 1130:1142 Cells culture results revealed that COS-functionalized PU membrane is more beneficial to the adhesion and proliferation of NIH-3T3 cells compared to the original and PDOPA-modified PU membranes. 27842818 6 40 theme cells 1155:1159 arg1 adhesion 1117:1124 adhesion 1117:1124 adhesion 1117:1124 Cells culture results revealed that COS-functionalized PU membrane is more beneficial to the adhesion and proliferation of NIH-3T3 cells compared to the original and PDOPA-modified PU membranes. 27842818 2 41 theme PU 467:468 arg1 membrane 470:477 PU membrane 467:477 PU membrane based on the self-polymerization of dopamine (DOPA) 467:529 For this purpose, chitooligosaccharide (COS) was modified onto the surface of PU membrane based on the self-polymerization of dopamine (DOPA). 27842818 6 42 theme NIH-3T3 1147:1153 arg1 cells 1155:1159 NIH-3T3 cells 1147:1159 NIH-3T3 cells 1147:1159 Cells culture results revealed that COS-functionalized PU membrane is more beneficial to the adhesion and proliferation of NIH-3T3 cells compared to the original and PDOPA-modified PU membranes. 26340693 0 0 from Transition 13:22 arg1 Polymer 27:33 Polymer 27:33 Polymer 27:33 Tuning Glass Transition in Polymer Nanocomposites with Functionalized Cellulose Nanocrystals through Nanoconfinement. 26340693 4 1 theme nanoconfinement 901:915 arg1 effects 917:923 nanoconfinement effects 901:923 nanoconfinement effects that lead to an appreciation of the composite Tg provided that strong interfacial interactions are achieved, as in the case of TEMPO-mediated surface modifications that promote hydrogen bonding 901:1117 We discover that increasing the volume fraction of CNCs results in nanoconfinement effects that lead to an appreciation of the composite Tg provided that strong interfacial interactions are achieved, as in the case of TEMPO-mediated surface modifications that promote hydrogen bonding. 26340693 3 2 dep coarse-grained 715:728 arg1 CG 731:732 CG 731:732 CG 731:732 Here, taking CNC-reinforced poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites as a relevant model system, we present a multiscale analysis that combines atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) surface energy calculations with coarse-grained (CG) simulations of relaxation dynamics near filler-polymer interfaces to predict composite properties. 26340693 1 3 theme mechanical 183:192 arg1 properties 194:203 impressive interfacial and mechanical properties 156:203 impressive interfacial and mechanical properties that make them promising candidates to be used as fillers within nanocomposites 156:283 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) exhibit impressive interfacial and mechanical properties that make them promising candidates to be used as fillers within nanocomposites. 26340693 5 4 theme nanocomposite 1296:1308 arg1 design 1310:1315 nanocomposite design 1296:1315 nanocomposite design 1296:1315 The upper and lower bounds of shifts in Tg are predicted by fully accounting for nanoconfinement and interfacial properties, providing new insight into tuning these aspects in nanocomposite design. 26340693 5 5 theme upper 1124:1128 arg1 bounds 1140:1145 The upper and lower bounds 1120:1145 The upper and lower bounds of shifts in Tg 1120:1161 The upper and lower bounds of shifts in Tg are predicted by fully accounting for nanoconfinement and interfacial properties, providing new insight into tuning these aspects in nanocomposite design. 26340693 6 6 dep multiscale 1322:1331 arg1 materials-by-design 1334:1352 materials-by-design 1334:1352 materials-by-design 1334:1352 Our multiscale, materials-by-design framework is validated by recent experiments and breaks new ground in predicting, without any empirical parameters, key structure-property relationships for nanocomposites. 26340693 6 7 theme multiscale 1322:1331 arg1 framework 1354:1362 Our multiscale, materials-by-design framework 1318:1362 Our multiscale, materials-by-design framework 1318:1362 Our multiscale, materials-by-design framework is validated by recent experiments and breaks new ground in predicting, without any empirical parameters, key structure-property relationships for nanocomposites. 26340693 4 8 theme hydrogen 1102:1109 arg1 bonding 1111:1117 hydrogen bonding 1102:1117 hydrogen bonding 1102:1117 We discover that increasing the volume fraction of CNCs results in nanoconfinement effects that lead to an appreciation of the composite Tg provided that strong interfacial interactions are achieved, as in the case of TEMPO-mediated surface modifications that promote hydrogen bonding. 26340693 5 9 theme new 1255:1257 arg1 insight 1259:1265 new insight 1255:1265 new insight into tuning 1255:1277 The upper and lower bounds of shifts in Tg are predicted by fully accounting for nanoconfinement and interfacial properties, providing new insight into tuning these aspects in nanocomposite design. 26340693 5 10 theme lower 1134:1138 arg1 bounds 1140:1145 The upper and lower bounds 1120:1145 The upper and lower bounds of shifts in Tg 1120:1161 The upper and lower bounds of shifts in Tg are predicted by fully accounting for nanoconfinement and interfacial properties, providing new insight into tuning these aspects in nanocomposite design. 26340693 4 11 theme interfacial 995:1005 arg1 case 1044:1047 the case 1040:1047 the case of TEMPO-mediated surface modifications that promote hydrogen bonding 1040:1117 We discover that increasing the volume fraction of CNCs results in nanoconfinement effects that lead to an appreciation of the composite Tg provided that strong interfacial interactions are achieved, as in the case of TEMPO-mediated surface modifications that promote hydrogen bonding. 26340693 4 11 theme interfacial 995:1005 arg1 interactions 1007:1018 strong interfacial interactions 988:1018 strong interfacial interactions 988:1018 We discover that increasing the volume fraction of CNCs results in nanoconfinement effects that lead to an appreciation of the composite Tg provided that strong interfacial interactions are achieved, as in the case of TEMPO-mediated surface modifications that promote hydrogen bonding. 26340693 4 12 theme strong 988:993 arg1 case 1044:1047 the case 1040:1047 the case of TEMPO-mediated surface modifications that promote hydrogen bonding 1040:1117 We discover that increasing the volume fraction of CNCs results in nanoconfinement effects that lead to an appreciation of the composite Tg provided that strong interfacial interactions are achieved, as in the case of TEMPO-mediated surface modifications that promote hydrogen bonding. 26340693 4 12 theme strong 988:993 arg1 interactions 1007:1018 strong interfacial interactions 988:1018 strong interfacial interactions 988:1018 We discover that increasing the volume fraction of CNCs results in nanoconfinement effects that lead to an appreciation of the composite Tg provided that strong interfacial interactions are achieved, as in the case of TEMPO-mediated surface modifications that promote hydrogen bonding. 26340693 6 13 dep experiments 1387:1397 arg1 ground 1414:1419 new ground 1410:1419 new ground 1410:1419 Our multiscale, materials-by-design framework is validated by recent experiments and breaks new ground in predicting, without any empirical parameters, key structure-property relationships for nanocomposites. 26340693 5 14 from shifts 1150:1155 arg1 Tg 1160:1161 Tg 1160:1161 Tg 1160:1161 The upper and lower bounds of shifts in Tg are predicted by fully accounting for nanoconfinement and interfacial properties, providing new insight into tuning these aspects in nanocomposite design. 26340693 0 15 theme Glass 7:11 arg1 Transition 13:22 Tuning Glass Transition 0:22 Tuning Glass Transition in Polymer 0:33 Tuning Glass Transition in Polymer Nanocomposites with Functionalized Cellulose Nanocrystals through Nanoconfinement. 26340693 5 16 theme shifts 1150:1155 arg1 bounds 1140:1145 The upper and lower bounds 1120:1145 The upper and lower bounds of shifts in Tg 1120:1161 The upper and lower bounds of shifts in Tg are predicted by fully accounting for nanoconfinement and interfacial properties, providing new insight into tuning these aspects in nanocomposite design. 26340693 5 17 theme interfacial 1221:1231 arg1 properties 1233:1242 interfacial properties 1221:1242 interfacial properties 1221:1242 The upper and lower bounds of shifts in Tg are predicted by fully accounting for nanoconfinement and interfacial properties, providing new insight into tuning these aspects in nanocomposite design. 26340693 3 18 theme model 587:591 arg1 nanocomposites 558:571 CNC-reinforced poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites 510:571 CNC-reinforced poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites 510:571 Here, taking CNC-reinforced poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites as a relevant model system, we present a multiscale analysis that combines atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) surface energy calculations with coarse-grained (CG) simulations of relaxation dynamics near filler-polymer interfaces to predict composite properties. 26340693 3 18 theme model 587:591 arg1 system 593:598 a relevant model system 576:598 a relevant model system 576:598 Here, taking CNC-reinforced poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites as a relevant model system, we present a multiscale analysis that combines atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) surface energy calculations with coarse-grained (CG) simulations of relaxation dynamics near filler-polymer interfaces to predict composite properties. 26340693 0 19 theme Tuning 0:5 arg1 Transition 13:22 Tuning Glass Transition 0:22 Tuning Glass Transition in Polymer 0:33 Tuning Glass Transition in Polymer Nanocomposites with Functionalized Cellulose Nanocrystals through Nanoconfinement. 26340693 4 20 theme CNCs 885:888 arg1 fraction 873:880 the volume fraction 862:880 the volume fraction of CNCs 862:888 We discover that increasing the volume fraction of CNCs results in nanoconfinement effects that lead to an appreciation of the composite Tg provided that strong interfacial interactions are achieved, as in the case of TEMPO-mediated surface modifications that promote hydrogen bonding. 26340693 1 21 theme Cellulose 118:126 arg1 CNCs 142:145 CNCs 142:145 CNCs 142:145 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) exhibit impressive interfacial and mechanical properties that make them promising candidates to be used as fillers within nanocomposites. 26340693 1 21 theme Cellulose 118:126 arg1 nanocrystals 128:139 Cellulose nanocrystals 118:139 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 118:146 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) exhibit impressive interfacial and mechanical properties that make them promising candidates to be used as fillers within nanocomposites. 26340693 1 22 theme promising 220:228 arg1 candidates 230:239 promising candidates 220:239 promising candidates to be used as fillers within nanocomposites 220:283 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) exhibit impressive interfacial and mechanical properties that make them promising candidates to be used as fillers within nanocomposites. 26340693 2 23 theme volume 470:475 arg1 fraction 477:484 volume fraction 470:484 volume fraction 470:484 While glass-transition temperature (Tg) is a common metric for describing thermomechanical properties, its prediction is extremely difficult as it depends on filler surface chemistry, volume fraction, and size. 26340693 3 24 theme filler-polymer 775:788 arg1 interfaces 790:799 filler-polymer interfaces 775:799 filler-polymer interfaces 775:799 Here, taking CNC-reinforced poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites as a relevant model system, we present a multiscale analysis that combines atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) surface energy calculations with coarse-grained (CG) simulations of relaxation dynamics near filler-polymer interfaces to predict composite properties. 26340693 2 25 theme common 331:336 arg1 metric 338:343 a common metric 329:343 a common metric for describing thermomechanical properties 329:386 While glass-transition temperature (Tg) is a common metric for describing thermomechanical properties, its prediction is extremely difficult as it depends on filler surface chemistry, volume fraction, and size. 26340693 2 25 theme common 331:336 arg1 temperature 309:319 glass-transition temperature 292:319 glass-transition temperature (Tg) 292:324 While glass-transition temperature (Tg) is a common metric for describing thermomechanical properties, its prediction is extremely difficult as it depends on filler surface chemistry, volume fraction, and size. 26340693 4 26 theme surface 1067:1073 arg1 modifications 1075:1087 TEMPO-mediated surface modifications 1052:1087 TEMPO-mediated surface modifications that promote hydrogen bonding 1052:1117 We discover that increasing the volume fraction of CNCs results in nanoconfinement effects that lead to an appreciation of the composite Tg provided that strong interfacial interactions are achieved, as in the case of TEMPO-mediated surface modifications that promote hydrogen bonding. 26340693 3 27 theme relaxation 750:759 arg1 dynamics 761:768 relaxation dynamics 750:768 relaxation dynamics near filler-polymer interfaces 750:799 Here, taking CNC-reinforced poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites as a relevant model system, we present a multiscale analysis that combines atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) surface energy calculations with coarse-grained (CG) simulations of relaxation dynamics near filler-polymer interfaces to predict composite properties. 26340693 3 28 theme dynamics 668:675 arg1 calculations 697:708 atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) surface energy calculations 648:708 atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) surface energy calculations 648:708 Here, taking CNC-reinforced poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites as a relevant model system, we present a multiscale analysis that combines atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) surface energy calculations with coarse-grained (CG) simulations of relaxation dynamics near filler-polymer interfaces to predict composite properties. 26340693 3 29 theme relevant 578:585 arg1 nanocomposites 558:571 CNC-reinforced poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites 510:571 CNC-reinforced poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites 510:571 Here, taking CNC-reinforced poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites as a relevant model system, we present a multiscale analysis that combines atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) surface energy calculations with coarse-grained (CG) simulations of relaxation dynamics near filler-polymer interfaces to predict composite properties. 26340693 3 29 theme relevant 578:585 arg1 system 593:598 a relevant model system 576:598 a relevant model system 576:598 Here, taking CNC-reinforced poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites as a relevant model system, we present a multiscale analysis that combines atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) surface energy calculations with coarse-grained (CG) simulations of relaxation dynamics near filler-polymer interfaces to predict composite properties. 26340693 2 30 theme surface 451:457 arg1 chemistry 459:467 filler surface chemistry 444:467 filler surface chemistry 444:467 While glass-transition temperature (Tg) is a common metric for describing thermomechanical properties, its prediction is extremely difficult as it depends on filler surface chemistry, volume fraction, and size. 26340693 6 31 theme structure-property 1474:1491 arg1 relationships 1493:1505 key structure-property relationships 1470:1505 key structure-property relationships for nanocomposites 1470:1524 Our multiscale, materials-by-design framework is validated by recent experiments and breaks new ground in predicting, without any empirical parameters, key structure-property relationships for nanocomposites. 26340693 3 32 theme dynamics 761:768 arg1 simulations 735:745 coarse-grained (CG) simulations 715:745 coarse-grained (CG) simulations of relaxation dynamics near filler-polymer interfaces 715:799 Here, taking CNC-reinforced poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites as a relevant model system, we present a multiscale analysis that combines atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) surface energy calculations with coarse-grained (CG) simulations of relaxation dynamics near filler-polymer interfaces to predict composite properties. 26340693 4 33 theme Tg 971:972 arg1 appreciation 941:952 an appreciation 938:952 an appreciation of the composite Tg provided that strong interfacial interactions are achieved, as in the case of TEMPO-mediated surface modifications that promote hydrogen bonding 938:1117 We discover that increasing the volume fraction of CNCs results in nanoconfinement effects that lead to an appreciation of the composite Tg provided that strong interfacial interactions are achieved, as in the case of TEMPO-mediated surface modifications that promote hydrogen bonding. 26340693 5 34 dep aspects 1285:1291 arg1 design 1310:1315 nanocomposite design 1296:1315 nanocomposite design 1296:1315 The upper and lower bounds of shifts in Tg are predicted by fully accounting for nanoconfinement and interfacial properties, providing new insight into tuning these aspects in nanocomposite design. 26340693 2 35 theme filler 444:449 arg1 chemistry 459:467 filler surface chemistry 444:467 filler surface chemistry 444:467 While glass-transition temperature (Tg) is a common metric for describing thermomechanical properties, its prediction is extremely difficult as it depends on filler surface chemistry, volume fraction, and size. 26340693 6 36 theme key 1470:1472 arg1 relationships 1493:1505 key structure-property relationships 1470:1505 key structure-property relationships for nanocomposites 1470:1524 Our multiscale, materials-by-design framework is validated by recent experiments and breaks new ground in predicting, without any empirical parameters, key structure-property relationships for nanocomposites. 26340693 4 37 theme composite 961:969 arg1 Tg 971:972 the composite Tg 957:972 the composite Tg provided that strong interfacial interactions are achieved, as in the case of TEMPO-mediated surface modifications that promote hydrogen bonding 957:1117 We discover that increasing the volume fraction of CNCs results in nanoconfinement effects that lead to an appreciation of the composite Tg provided that strong interfacial interactions are achieved, as in the case of TEMPO-mediated surface modifications that promote hydrogen bonding. 26340693 3 38 theme atomistic 648:656 arg1 calculations 697:708 atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) surface energy calculations 648:708 atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) surface energy calculations 648:708 Here, taking CNC-reinforced poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites as a relevant model system, we present a multiscale analysis that combines atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) surface energy calculations with coarse-grained (CG) simulations of relaxation dynamics near filler-polymer interfaces to predict composite properties. 26340693 4 39 theme modifications 1075:1087 arg1 case 1044:1047 the case 1040:1047 the case of TEMPO-mediated surface modifications that promote hydrogen bonding 1040:1117 We discover that increasing the volume fraction of CNCs results in nanoconfinement effects that lead to an appreciation of the composite Tg provided that strong interfacial interactions are achieved, as in the case of TEMPO-mediated surface modifications that promote hydrogen bonding. 26340693 4 39 theme modifications 1075:1087 arg1 interactions 1007:1018 strong interfacial interactions 988:1018 strong interfacial interactions 988:1018 We discover that increasing the volume fraction of CNCs results in nanoconfinement effects that lead to an appreciation of the composite Tg provided that strong interfacial interactions are achieved, as in the case of TEMPO-mediated surface modifications that promote hydrogen bonding. 26340693 6 40 theme new 1410:1412 arg1 ground 1414:1419 new ground 1410:1419 new ground 1410:1419 Our multiscale, materials-by-design framework is validated by recent experiments and breaks new ground in predicting, without any empirical parameters, key structure-property relationships for nanocomposites. 26340693 0 41 theme Functionalized 55:68 arg1 Nanocrystals 80:91 Functionalized Cellulose Nanocrystals 55:91 Functionalized Cellulose Nanocrystals 55:91 Tuning Glass Transition in Polymer Nanocomposites with Functionalized Cellulose Nanocrystals through Nanoconfinement. 26340693 3 42 theme composite 812:820 arg1 properties 822:831 composite properties 812:831 composite properties 812:831 Here, taking CNC-reinforced poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites as a relevant model system, we present a multiscale analysis that combines atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) surface energy calculations with coarse-grained (CG) simulations of relaxation dynamics near filler-polymer interfaces to predict composite properties. 26340693 3 43 theme molecular 658:666 arg1 dynamics 668:675 molecular dynamics 658:675 atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) surface energy calculations 648:708 Here, taking CNC-reinforced poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites as a relevant model system, we present a multiscale analysis that combines atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) surface energy calculations with coarse-grained (CG) simulations of relaxation dynamics near filler-polymer interfaces to predict composite properties. 26340693 3 43 theme molecular 658:666 arg1 MD 678:679 MD 678:679 MD 678:679 Here, taking CNC-reinforced poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites as a relevant model system, we present a multiscale analysis that combines atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) surface energy calculations with coarse-grained (CG) simulations of relaxation dynamics near filler-polymer interfaces to predict composite properties. 26340693 4 44 theme volume 866:871 arg1 fraction 873:880 the volume fraction 862:880 the volume fraction of CNCs 862:888 We discover that increasing the volume fraction of CNCs results in nanoconfinement effects that lead to an appreciation of the composite Tg provided that strong interfacial interactions are achieved, as in the case of TEMPO-mediated surface modifications that promote hydrogen bonding. 26340693 3 45 theme CNC-reinforced 510:523 arg1 nanocomposites 558:571 CNC-reinforced poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites 510:571 CNC-reinforced poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites 510:571 Here, taking CNC-reinforced poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites as a relevant model system, we present a multiscale analysis that combines atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) surface energy calculations with coarse-grained (CG) simulations of relaxation dynamics near filler-polymer interfaces to predict composite properties. 26340693 3 45 theme CNC-reinforced 510:523 arg1 system 593:598 a relevant model system 576:598 a relevant model system 576:598 Here, taking CNC-reinforced poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites as a relevant model system, we present a multiscale analysis that combines atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) surface energy calculations with coarse-grained (CG) simulations of relaxation dynamics near filler-polymer interfaces to predict composite properties. 26340693 5 46 from Tg 1160:1161 arg1 bounds 1140:1145 The upper and lower bounds 1120:1145 The upper and lower bounds of shifts in Tg 1120:1161 The upper and lower bounds of shifts in Tg are predicted by fully accounting for nanoconfinement and interfacial properties, providing new insight into tuning these aspects in nanocomposite design. 26340693 3 47 theme surface 682:688 arg1 calculations 697:708 atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) surface energy calculations 648:708 atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) surface energy calculations 648:708 Here, taking CNC-reinforced poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites as a relevant model system, we present a multiscale analysis that combines atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) surface energy calculations with coarse-grained (CG) simulations of relaxation dynamics near filler-polymer interfaces to predict composite properties. 26340693 3 48 theme poly 525:528 arg1 nanocomposites 558:571 CNC-reinforced poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites 510:571 CNC-reinforced poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites 510:571 Here, taking CNC-reinforced poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites as a relevant model system, we present a multiscale analysis that combines atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) surface energy calculations with coarse-grained (CG) simulations of relaxation dynamics near filler-polymer interfaces to predict composite properties. 26340693 3 48 theme poly 525:528 arg1 system 593:598 a relevant model system 576:598 a relevant model system 576:598 Here, taking CNC-reinforced poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites as a relevant model system, we present a multiscale analysis that combines atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) surface energy calculations with coarse-grained (CG) simulations of relaxation dynamics near filler-polymer interfaces to predict composite properties. 26340693 3 49 theme energy 690:695 arg1 calculations 697:708 atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) surface energy calculations 648:708 atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) surface energy calculations 648:708 Here, taking CNC-reinforced poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites as a relevant model system, we present a multiscale analysis that combines atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) surface energy calculations with coarse-grained (CG) simulations of relaxation dynamics near filler-polymer interfaces to predict composite properties. 26340693 2 50 theme thermomechanical 360:375 arg1 properties 377:386 thermomechanical properties 360:386 thermomechanical properties 360:386 While glass-transition temperature (Tg) is a common metric for describing thermomechanical properties, its prediction is extremely difficult as it depends on filler surface chemistry, volume fraction, and size. 26340693 6 51 theme recent 1380:1385 arg1 experiments 1387:1397 recent experiments 1380:1397 recent experiments 1380:1397 Our multiscale, materials-by-design framework is validated by recent experiments and breaks new ground in predicting, without any empirical parameters, key structure-property relationships for nanocomposites. 26340693 2 52 theme glass-transition 292:307 arg1 metric 338:343 a common metric 329:343 a common metric for describing thermomechanical properties 329:386 While glass-transition temperature (Tg) is a common metric for describing thermomechanical properties, its prediction is extremely difficult as it depends on filler surface chemistry, volume fraction, and size. 26340693 2 52 theme glass-transition 292:307 arg1 Tg 322:323 Tg 322:323 Tg 322:323 While glass-transition temperature (Tg) is a common metric for describing thermomechanical properties, its prediction is extremely difficult as it depends on filler surface chemistry, volume fraction, and size. 26340693 2 52 theme glass-transition 292:307 arg1 temperature 309:319 glass-transition temperature 292:319 glass-transition temperature (Tg) 292:324 While glass-transition temperature (Tg) is a common metric for describing thermomechanical properties, its prediction is extremely difficult as it depends on filler surface chemistry, volume fraction, and size. 26340693 1 53 theme impressive 156:165 arg1 properties 194:203 impressive interfacial and mechanical properties 156:203 impressive interfacial and mechanical properties that make them promising candidates to be used as fillers within nanocomposites 156:283 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) exhibit impressive interfacial and mechanical properties that make them promising candidates to be used as fillers within nanocomposites. 26340693 6 54 theme empirical 1448:1456 arg1 parameters 1458:1467 any empirical parameters 1444:1467 any empirical parameters 1444:1467 Our multiscale, materials-by-design framework is validated by recent experiments and breaks new ground in predicting, without any empirical parameters, key structure-property relationships for nanocomposites. 26340693 3 55 theme multiscale 614:623 arg1 analysis 625:632 a multiscale analysis 612:632 a multiscale analysis that combines atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) surface energy calculations with coarse-grained (CG) simulations of relaxation dynamics near filler-polymer interfaces to predict composite properties 612:831 Here, taking CNC-reinforced poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites as a relevant model system, we present a multiscale analysis that combines atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) surface energy calculations with coarse-grained (CG) simulations of relaxation dynamics near filler-polymer interfaces to predict composite properties. 26340693 5 56 dep fully 1180:1184 arg1 accounting 1186:1195 accounting 1186:1195 accounting for nanoconfinement and interfacial properties 1186:1242 The upper and lower bounds of shifts in Tg are predicted by fully accounting for nanoconfinement and interfacial properties, providing new insight into tuning these aspects in nanocomposite design. 26340693 1 57 theme interfacial 167:177 arg1 properties 194:203 impressive interfacial and mechanical properties 156:203 impressive interfacial and mechanical properties that make them promising candidates to be used as fillers within nanocomposites 156:283 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) exhibit impressive interfacial and mechanical properties that make them promising candidates to be used as fillers within nanocomposites. 26340693 0 58 theme Cellulose 70:78 arg1 Nanocrystals 80:91 Functionalized Cellulose Nanocrystals 55:91 Functionalized Cellulose Nanocrystals 55:91 Tuning Glass Transition in Polymer Nanocomposites with Functionalized Cellulose Nanocrystals through Nanoconfinement. 26340693 3 59 theme coarse-grained 715:728 arg1 simulations 735:745 coarse-grained (CG) simulations 715:745 coarse-grained (CG) simulations of relaxation dynamics near filler-polymer interfaces 715:799 Here, taking CNC-reinforced poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites as a relevant model system, we present a multiscale analysis that combines atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) surface energy calculations with coarse-grained (CG) simulations of relaxation dynamics near filler-polymer interfaces to predict composite properties. 26340693 5 60 from bounds 1140:1145 arg1 Tg 1160:1161 Tg 1160:1161 Tg 1160:1161 The upper and lower bounds of shifts in Tg are predicted by fully accounting for nanoconfinement and interfacial properties, providing new insight into tuning these aspects in nanocomposite design. 26340693 4 61 theme TEMPO-mediated 1052:1065 arg1 modifications 1075:1087 TEMPO-mediated surface modifications 1052:1087 TEMPO-mediated surface modifications that promote hydrogen bonding 1052:1117 We discover that increasing the volume fraction of CNCs results in nanoconfinement effects that lead to an appreciation of the composite Tg provided that strong interfacial interactions are achieved, as in the case of TEMPO-mediated surface modifications that promote hydrogen bonding. 27154516 3 0 theme experiment 688:697 arg1 design 678:683 Taguchi orthogonal array (OA) design 648:683 Taguchi orthogonal array (OA) design of experiment (DOE) 648:703 Medium composition and culture conditions were optimized using Taguchi orthogonal array (OA) design of experiment (DOE). 27154516 1 1 theme GenBank 246:252 arg1 number 264:269 GenBank accession number KU318422.1 246:280 GenBank accession number KU318422.1 246:280 A new chitosan producing fungus was locally isolated from soil samples collected around Erzurum, Turkey and identified as Rhizopus oryzae PAS 17 (GenBank accession number KU318422.1). 27154516 1 1 theme GenBank 246:252 arg1 PAS 238:240 Rhizopus oryzae PAS 17 222:243 Rhizopus oryzae PAS 17 (GenBank accession number KU318422.1) 222:281 A new chitosan producing fungus was locally isolated from soil samples collected around Erzurum, Turkey and identified as Rhizopus oryzae PAS 17 (GenBank accession number KU318422.1). 27154516 2 2 theme culture 482:488 arg1 conditions 490:499 appropriate culture conditions 470:499 appropriate culture conditions (incubation temperature as 15°C and initial pH of the medium as 4.5) 470:568 Cultivation in low cost non-sterile conditions was achieved by exploiting its ability to grow at low temperature and pH, thus, undesired microbial contamination could be eliminated when appropriate culture conditions (incubation temperature as 15°C and initial pH of the medium as 4.5) were selected. 27154516 2 2 theme culture 482:488 arg1 temperature 513:523 incubation temperature 502:523 incubation temperature as 15°C 502:531 Cultivation in low cost non-sterile conditions was achieved by exploiting its ability to grow at low temperature and pH, thus, undesired microbial contamination could be eliminated when appropriate culture conditions (incubation temperature as 15°C and initial pH of the medium as 4.5) were selected. 27154516 2 2 theme culture 482:488 arg1 pH 545:546 initial pH 537:546 initial pH of the medium 537:560 Cultivation in low cost non-sterile conditions was achieved by exploiting its ability to grow at low temperature and pH, thus, undesired microbial contamination could be eliminated when appropriate culture conditions (incubation temperature as 15°C and initial pH of the medium as 4.5) were selected. 27154516 1 3 attach isolated 144:151 arg2 chitosan 106:113 A new chitosan 100:113 A new chitosan producing fungus 100:130 A new chitosan producing fungus was locally isolated from soil samples collected around Erzurum, Turkey and identified as Rhizopus oryzae PAS 17 (GenBank accession number KU318422.1). 27154516 1 3 attach isolated 144:151 arg1 samples 163:169 soil samples 158:169 soil samples collected around Erzurum, Turkey 158:202 A new chitosan producing fungus was locally isolated from soil samples collected around Erzurum, Turkey and identified as Rhizopus oryzae PAS 17 (GenBank accession number KU318422.1). 27154516 1 3 attach isolated 144:151 arg2 PAS 238:240 Rhizopus oryzae PAS 17 222:243 Rhizopus oryzae PAS 17 (GenBank accession number KU318422.1) 222:281 A new chitosan producing fungus was locally isolated from soil samples collected around Erzurum, Turkey and identified as Rhizopus oryzae PAS 17 (GenBank accession number KU318422.1). 27154516 5 4 theme 8.58 1273:1276 arg1 yields 1253:1258 biomass yields 1245:1258 biomass yields of 14.45 and 8.58 folds from its unoptimized condition, respectively 1245:1327 The optimal combinations of factors (molasses, 70ml/l; MgSO4·7H2O, 0.5g/l; inoculum, 6.7×10(6) spores/disc; agitation speed, 150rpm and incubation time, 8days) obtained from the proposed DOE methodology was further validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and the results revealed the increment of chitosan and biomass yields of 14.45 and 8.58 folds from its unoptimized condition, respectively. 27154516 5 4 theme 8.58 1273:1276 arg1 increment 1219:1227 the increment 1215:1227 the increment of chitosan 1215:1239 The optimal combinations of factors (molasses, 70ml/l; MgSO4·7H2O, 0.5g/l; inoculum, 6.7×10(6) spores/disc; agitation speed, 150rpm and incubation time, 8days) obtained from the proposed DOE methodology was further validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and the results revealed the increment of chitosan and biomass yields of 14.45 and 8.58 folds from its unoptimized condition, respectively. 27154516 5 5 theme biomass 1245:1251 arg1 yields 1253:1258 biomass yields 1245:1258 biomass yields of 14.45 and 8.58 folds from its unoptimized condition, respectively 1245:1327 The optimal combinations of factors (molasses, 70ml/l; MgSO4·7H2O, 0.5g/l; inoculum, 6.7×10(6) spores/disc; agitation speed, 150rpm and incubation time, 8days) obtained from the proposed DOE methodology was further validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and the results revealed the increment of chitosan and biomass yields of 14.45 and 8.58 folds from its unoptimized condition, respectively. 27154516 1 6 theme accession 254:262 arg1 number 264:269 GenBank accession number KU318422.1 246:280 GenBank accession number KU318422.1 246:280 A new chitosan producing fungus was locally isolated from soil samples collected around Erzurum, Turkey and identified as Rhizopus oryzae PAS 17 (GenBank accession number KU318422.1). 27154516 1 6 theme accession 254:262 arg1 PAS 238:240 Rhizopus oryzae PAS 17 222:243 Rhizopus oryzae PAS 17 (GenBank accession number KU318422.1) 222:281 A new chitosan producing fungus was locally isolated from soil samples collected around Erzurum, Turkey and identified as Rhizopus oryzae PAS 17 (GenBank accession number KU318422.1). 27154516 4 7 from levels 792:797 arg1 amount 883:888 inoculum amount 874:888 inoculum amount 874:888 An OA layout of L16 (4(5)) was constructed with five most influensive factors at four levels on chitosan production like, carbon source (molasses), metal ion (Mg(2+)), inoculum amount, agitation speed and incubation time. 27154516 4 7 from levels 792:797 arg1 speed 901:905 agitation speed 891:905 agitation speed 891:905 An OA layout of L16 (4(5)) was constructed with five most influensive factors at four levels on chitosan production like, carbon source (molasses), metal ion (Mg(2+)), inoculum amount, agitation speed and incubation time. 27154516 4 7 from levels 792:797 arg1 time 922:925 incubation time 911:925 incubation time 911:925 An OA layout of L16 (4(5)) was constructed with five most influensive factors at four levels on chitosan production like, carbon source (molasses), metal ion (Mg(2+)), inoculum amount, agitation speed and incubation time. 27154516 4 7 from levels 792:797 arg1 factors 776:782 five most influensive factors 754:782 five most influensive factors at four levels on chitosan production like, carbon source (molasses), metal ion (Mg(2+)) 754:871 An OA layout of L16 (4(5)) was constructed with five most influensive factors at four levels on chitosan production like, carbon source (molasses), metal ion (Mg(2+)), inoculum amount, agitation speed and incubation time. 27154516 4 7 from levels 792:797 arg1 production 811:820 chitosan production 802:820 chitosan production 802:820 An OA layout of L16 (4(5)) was constructed with five most influensive factors at four levels on chitosan production like, carbon source (molasses), metal ion (Mg(2+)), inoculum amount, agitation speed and incubation time. 27154516 5 8 dep 14.45 1263:1267 arg1 folds 1278:1282 folds 1278:1282 folds from its unoptimized condition 1278:1313 The optimal combinations of factors (molasses, 70ml/l; MgSO4·7H2O, 0.5g/l; inoculum, 6.7×10(6) spores/disc; agitation speed, 150rpm and incubation time, 8days) obtained from the proposed DOE methodology was further validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and the results revealed the increment of chitosan and biomass yields of 14.45 and 8.58 folds from its unoptimized condition, respectively. 27154516 4 9 theme metal 854:858 arg1 source 835:840 , carbon source 826:840 source 835:840 An OA layout of L16 (4(5)) was constructed with five most influensive factors at four levels on chitosan production like, carbon source (molasses), metal ion (Mg(2+)), inoculum amount, agitation speed and incubation time. 27154516 4 9 theme metal 854:858 arg1 ion 860:862 metal ion 854:862 metal ion (Mg(2+)) 854:871 An OA layout of L16 (4(5)) was constructed with five most influensive factors at four levels on chitosan production like, carbon source (molasses), metal ion (Mg(2+)), inoculum amount, agitation speed and incubation time. 27154516 4 10 theme chitosan 802:809 arg1 production 811:820 chitosan production 802:820 chitosan production 802:820 An OA layout of L16 (4(5)) was constructed with five most influensive factors at four levels on chitosan production like, carbon source (molasses), metal ion (Mg(2+)), inoculum amount, agitation speed and incubation time. 27154516 4 11 theme L16 722:724 arg1 layout 712:717 An OA layout 706:717 An OA layout of L16 (4(5)) 706:731 An OA layout of L16 (4(5)) was constructed with five most influensive factors at four levels on chitosan production like, carbon source (molasses), metal ion (Mg(2+)), inoculum amount, agitation speed and incubation time. 27154516 4 12 dep source 835:840 arg1 carbon 828:833 , carbon source 826:840 carbon 828:833 An OA layout of L16 (4(5)) was constructed with five most influensive factors at four levels on chitosan production like, carbon source (molasses), metal ion (Mg(2+)), inoculum amount, agitation speed and incubation time. 27154516 0 13 from oryzae 48:53 arg1 conditions 88:97 non-sterile open fermentation conditions 58:97 non-sterile open fermentation conditions 58:97 Chitosan production by psychrotolerant Rhizopus oryzae in non-sterile open fermentation conditions. 27154516 4 14 theme inoculum 874:881 arg1 amount 883:888 inoculum amount 874:888 inoculum amount 874:888 An OA layout of L16 (4(5)) was constructed with five most influensive factors at four levels on chitosan production like, carbon source (molasses), metal ion (Mg(2+)), inoculum amount, agitation speed and incubation time. 27154516 4 14 theme inoculum 874:881 arg1 factors 776:782 five most influensive factors 754:782 five most influensive factors at four levels on chitosan production like, carbon source (molasses), metal ion (Mg(2+)) 754:871 An OA layout of L16 (4(5)) was constructed with five most influensive factors at four levels on chitosan production like, carbon source (molasses), metal ion (Mg(2+)), inoculum amount, agitation speed and incubation time. 27154516 5 15 theme variance 1168:1175 arg1 test 1185:1188 variance (ANOVA) test 1168:1188 variance (ANOVA) test 1168:1188 The optimal combinations of factors (molasses, 70ml/l; MgSO4·7H2O, 0.5g/l; inoculum, 6.7×10(6) spores/disc; agitation speed, 150rpm and incubation time, 8days) obtained from the proposed DOE methodology was further validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and the results revealed the increment of chitosan and biomass yields of 14.45 and 8.58 folds from its unoptimized condition, respectively. 27154516 0 16 theme fermentation 75:86 arg1 conditions 88:97 non-sterile open fermentation conditions 58:97 non-sterile open fermentation conditions 58:97 Chitosan production by psychrotolerant Rhizopus oryzae in non-sterile open fermentation conditions. 27154516 4 17 theme OA 709:710 arg1 layout 712:717 An OA layout 706:717 An OA layout of L16 (4(5)) 706:731 An OA layout of L16 (4(5)) was constructed with five most influensive factors at four levels on chitosan production like, carbon source (molasses), metal ion (Mg(2+)), inoculum amount, agitation speed and incubation time. 27154516 2 18 theme low 381:383 arg1 temperature 385:395 low temperature 381:395 low temperature 381:395 Cultivation in low cost non-sterile conditions was achieved by exploiting its ability to grow at low temperature and pH, thus, undesired microbial contamination could be eliminated when appropriate culture conditions (incubation temperature as 15°C and initial pH of the medium as 4.5) were selected. 27154516 4 19 theme agitation 891:899 arg1 speed 901:905 agitation speed 891:905 agitation speed 891:905 An OA layout of L16 (4(5)) was constructed with five most influensive factors at four levels on chitosan production like, carbon source (molasses), metal ion (Mg(2+)), inoculum amount, agitation speed and incubation time. 27154516 4 19 theme agitation 891:899 arg1 factors 776:782 five most influensive factors 754:782 five most influensive factors at four levels on chitosan production like, carbon source (molasses), metal ion (Mg(2+)) 754:871 An OA layout of L16 (4(5)) was constructed with five most influensive factors at four levels on chitosan production like, carbon source (molasses), metal ion (Mg(2+)), inoculum amount, agitation speed and incubation time. 27154516 5 20 theme agitation 1036:1044 arg1 molasses 965:972 molasses 965:972 molasses 965:972 The optimal combinations of factors (molasses, 70ml/l; MgSO4·7H2O, 0.5g/l; inoculum, 6.7×10(6) spores/disc; agitation speed, 150rpm and incubation time, 8days) obtained from the proposed DOE methodology was further validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and the results revealed the increment of chitosan and biomass yields of 14.45 and 8.58 folds from its unoptimized condition, respectively. 27154516 5 20 theme agitation 1036:1044 arg1 speed 1046:1050 agitation speed 1036:1050 agitation speed 1036:1050 The optimal combinations of factors (molasses, 70ml/l; MgSO4·7H2O, 0.5g/l; inoculum, 6.7×10(6) spores/disc; agitation speed, 150rpm and incubation time, 8days) obtained from the proposed DOE methodology was further validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and the results revealed the increment of chitosan and biomass yields of 14.45 and 8.58 folds from its unoptimized condition, respectively. 27154516 5 21 theme optimal 932:938 arg1 combinations 940:951 The optimal combinations 928:951 The optimal combinations of factors (molasses, 70ml/l; MgSO4·7H2O, 0.5g/l; inoculum, 6.7×10(6) spores/disc; agitation speed, 150rpm and incubation time, 8days) obtained from the proposed DOE methodology 928:1129 The optimal combinations of factors (molasses, 70ml/l; MgSO4·7H2O, 0.5g/l; inoculum, 6.7×10(6) spores/disc; agitation speed, 150rpm and incubation time, 8days) obtained from the proposed DOE methodology was further validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and the results revealed the increment of chitosan and biomass yields of 14.45 and 8.58 folds from its unoptimized condition, respectively. 27154516 5 22 theme chitosan 1232:1239 arg1 yields 1253:1258 biomass yields 1245:1258 biomass yields of 14.45 and 8.58 folds from its unoptimized condition, respectively 1245:1327 The optimal combinations of factors (molasses, 70ml/l; MgSO4·7H2O, 0.5g/l; inoculum, 6.7×10(6) spores/disc; agitation speed, 150rpm and incubation time, 8days) obtained from the proposed DOE methodology was further validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and the results revealed the increment of chitosan and biomass yields of 14.45 and 8.58 folds from its unoptimized condition, respectively. 27154516 5 22 theme chitosan 1232:1239 arg1 increment 1219:1227 the increment 1215:1227 the increment of chitosan 1215:1239 The optimal combinations of factors (molasses, 70ml/l; MgSO4·7H2O, 0.5g/l; inoculum, 6.7×10(6) spores/disc; agitation speed, 150rpm and incubation time, 8days) obtained from the proposed DOE methodology was further validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and the results revealed the increment of chitosan and biomass yields of 14.45 and 8.58 folds from its unoptimized condition, respectively. 27154516 1 23 theme new 102:104 arg1 chitosan 106:113 A new chitosan 100:113 A new chitosan producing fungus 100:130 A new chitosan producing fungus was locally isolated from soil samples collected around Erzurum, Turkey and identified as Rhizopus oryzae PAS 17 (GenBank accession number KU318422.1). 27154516 1 23 theme new 102:104 arg1 PAS 238:240 Rhizopus oryzae PAS 17 222:243 Rhizopus oryzae PAS 17 (GenBank accession number KU318422.1) 222:281 A new chitosan producing fungus was locally isolated from soil samples collected around Erzurum, Turkey and identified as Rhizopus oryzae PAS 17 (GenBank accession number KU318422.1). 27154516 5 24 theme unoptimized 1293:1303 arg1 condition 1305:1313 its unoptimized condition 1289:1313 its unoptimized condition 1289:1313 The optimal combinations of factors (molasses, 70ml/l; MgSO4·7H2O, 0.5g/l; inoculum, 6.7×10(6) spores/disc; agitation speed, 150rpm and incubation time, 8days) obtained from the proposed DOE methodology was further validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and the results revealed the increment of chitosan and biomass yields of 14.45 and 8.58 folds from its unoptimized condition, respectively. 27154516 2 25 theme microbial 421:429 arg1 contamination 431:443 undesired microbial contamination 411:443 undesired microbial contamination 411:443 Cultivation in low cost non-sterile conditions was achieved by exploiting its ability to grow at low temperature and pH, thus, undesired microbial contamination could be eliminated when appropriate culture conditions (incubation temperature as 15°C and initial pH of the medium as 4.5) were selected. 27154516 5 26 theme 14.45 1263:1267 arg1 yields 1253:1258 biomass yields 1245:1258 biomass yields of 14.45 and 8.58 folds from its unoptimized condition, respectively 1245:1327 The optimal combinations of factors (molasses, 70ml/l; MgSO4·7H2O, 0.5g/l; inoculum, 6.7×10(6) spores/disc; agitation speed, 150rpm and incubation time, 8days) obtained from the proposed DOE methodology was further validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and the results revealed the increment of chitosan and biomass yields of 14.45 and 8.58 folds from its unoptimized condition, respectively. 27154516 5 26 theme 14.45 1263:1267 arg1 increment 1219:1227 the increment 1215:1227 the increment of chitosan 1215:1239 The optimal combinations of factors (molasses, 70ml/l; MgSO4·7H2O, 0.5g/l; inoculum, 6.7×10(6) spores/disc; agitation speed, 150rpm and incubation time, 8days) obtained from the proposed DOE methodology was further validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and the results revealed the increment of chitosan and biomass yields of 14.45 and 8.58 folds from its unoptimized condition, respectively. 27154516 2 27 theme cost 303:306 arg1 conditions 320:329 low cost non-sterile conditions 299:329 low cost non-sterile conditions 299:329 Cultivation in low cost non-sterile conditions was achieved by exploiting its ability to grow at low temperature and pH, thus, undesired microbial contamination could be eliminated when appropriate culture conditions (incubation temperature as 15°C and initial pH of the medium as 4.5) were selected. 27154516 2 28 theme undesired 411:419 arg1 contamination 431:443 undesired microbial contamination 411:443 undesired microbial contamination 411:443 Cultivation in low cost non-sterile conditions was achieved by exploiting its ability to grow at low temperature and pH, thus, undesired microbial contamination could be eliminated when appropriate culture conditions (incubation temperature as 15°C and initial pH of the medium as 4.5) were selected. 27154516 2 29 theme low 299:301 arg1 conditions 320:329 low cost non-sterile conditions 299:329 low cost non-sterile conditions 299:329 Cultivation in low cost non-sterile conditions was achieved by exploiting its ability to grow at low temperature and pH, thus, undesired microbial contamination could be eliminated when appropriate culture conditions (incubation temperature as 15°C and initial pH of the medium as 4.5) were selected. 27154516 2 30 theme non-sterile 308:318 arg1 conditions 320:329 low cost non-sterile conditions 299:329 low cost non-sterile conditions 299:329 Cultivation in low cost non-sterile conditions was achieved by exploiting its ability to grow at low temperature and pH, thus, undesired microbial contamination could be eliminated when appropriate culture conditions (incubation temperature as 15°C and initial pH of the medium as 4.5) were selected. 27154516 2 31 theme appropriate 470:480 arg1 conditions 490:499 appropriate culture conditions 470:499 appropriate culture conditions (incubation temperature as 15°C and initial pH of the medium as 4.5) 470:568 Cultivation in low cost non-sterile conditions was achieved by exploiting its ability to grow at low temperature and pH, thus, undesired microbial contamination could be eliminated when appropriate culture conditions (incubation temperature as 15°C and initial pH of the medium as 4.5) were selected. 27154516 2 31 theme appropriate 470:480 arg1 temperature 513:523 incubation temperature 502:523 incubation temperature as 15°C 502:531 Cultivation in low cost non-sterile conditions was achieved by exploiting its ability to grow at low temperature and pH, thus, undesired microbial contamination could be eliminated when appropriate culture conditions (incubation temperature as 15°C and initial pH of the medium as 4.5) were selected. 27154516 2 31 theme appropriate 470:480 arg1 pH 545:546 initial pH 537:546 initial pH of the medium 537:560 Cultivation in low cost non-sterile conditions was achieved by exploiting its ability to grow at low temperature and pH, thus, undesired microbial contamination could be eliminated when appropriate culture conditions (incubation temperature as 15°C and initial pH of the medium as 4.5) were selected. 27154516 4 32 dep ion 860:862 arg1 2+ 868:869 2+ 868:869 2+ 868:869 An OA layout of L16 (4(5)) was constructed with five most influensive factors at four levels on chitosan production like, carbon source (molasses), metal ion (Mg(2+)), inoculum amount, agitation speed and incubation time. 27154516 4 32 dep ion 860:862 arg1 Mg 865:866 Mg 865:866 Mg(2+) 865:870 An OA layout of L16 (4(5)) was constructed with five most influensive factors at four levels on chitosan production like, carbon source (molasses), metal ion (Mg(2+)), inoculum amount, agitation speed and incubation time. 27154516 3 33 theme Taguchi 648:654 arg1 design 678:683 Taguchi orthogonal array (OA) design 648:683 Taguchi orthogonal array (OA) design of experiment (DOE) 648:703 Medium composition and culture conditions were optimized using Taguchi orthogonal array (OA) design of experiment (DOE). 27154516 4 34 theme incubation 911:920 arg1 time 922:925 incubation time 911:925 incubation time 911:925 An OA layout of L16 (4(5)) was constructed with five most influensive factors at four levels on chitosan production like, carbon source (molasses), metal ion (Mg(2+)), inoculum amount, agitation speed and incubation time. 27154516 4 34 theme incubation 911:920 arg1 factors 776:782 five most influensive factors 754:782 five most influensive factors at four levels on chitosan production like, carbon source (molasses), metal ion (Mg(2+)) 754:871 An OA layout of L16 (4(5)) was constructed with five most influensive factors at four levels on chitosan production like, carbon source (molasses), metal ion (Mg(2+)), inoculum amount, agitation speed and incubation time. 27154516 0 35 theme Rhizopus 39:46 arg1 oryzae 48:53 psychrotolerant Rhizopus oryzae 23:53 psychrotolerant Rhizopus oryzae in non-sterile open fermentation conditions 23:97 Chitosan production by psychrotolerant Rhizopus oryzae in non-sterile open fermentation conditions. 27154516 2 36 theme initial 537:543 arg1 pH 545:546 initial pH 537:546 initial pH of the medium 537:560 Cultivation in low cost non-sterile conditions was achieved by exploiting its ability to grow at low temperature and pH, thus, undesired microbial contamination could be eliminated when appropriate culture conditions (incubation temperature as 15°C and initial pH of the medium as 4.5) were selected. 27154516 2 36 theme initial 537:543 arg1 conditions 490:499 appropriate culture conditions 470:499 appropriate culture conditions (incubation temperature as 15°C and initial pH of the medium as 4.5) 470:568 Cultivation in low cost non-sterile conditions was achieved by exploiting its ability to grow at low temperature and pH, thus, undesired microbial contamination could be eliminated when appropriate culture conditions (incubation temperature as 15°C and initial pH of the medium as 4.5) were selected. 27154516 5 37 theme factors 956:962 arg1 combinations 940:951 The optimal combinations 928:951 The optimal combinations of factors (molasses, 70ml/l; MgSO4·7H2O, 0.5g/l; inoculum, 6.7×10(6) spores/disc; agitation speed, 150rpm and incubation time, 8days) obtained from the proposed DOE methodology 928:1129 The optimal combinations of factors (molasses, 70ml/l; MgSO4·7H2O, 0.5g/l; inoculum, 6.7×10(6) spores/disc; agitation speed, 150rpm and incubation time, 8days) obtained from the proposed DOE methodology was further validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and the results revealed the increment of chitosan and biomass yields of 14.45 and 8.58 folds from its unoptimized condition, respectively. 27154516 0 38 theme psychrotolerant 23:37 arg1 oryzae 48:53 psychrotolerant Rhizopus oryzae 23:53 psychrotolerant Rhizopus oryzae in non-sterile open fermentation conditions 23:97 Chitosan production by psychrotolerant Rhizopus oryzae in non-sterile open fermentation conditions. 27154516 1 39 theme Rhizopus 222:229 arg1 oryzae 231:236 Rhizopus oryzae 222:236 Rhizopus oryzae PAS 17 (GenBank accession number KU318422.1) 222:281 A new chitosan producing fungus was locally isolated from soil samples collected around Erzurum, Turkey and identified as Rhizopus oryzae PAS 17 (GenBank accession number KU318422.1). 27154516 0 40 theme non-sterile 58:68 arg1 conditions 88:97 non-sterile open fermentation conditions 58:97 non-sterile open fermentation conditions 58:97 Chitosan production by psychrotolerant Rhizopus oryzae in non-sterile open fermentation conditions. 27154516 2 41 dep conditions 490:499 arg1 pH 545:546 initial pH 537:546 initial pH of the medium 537:560 Cultivation in low cost non-sterile conditions was achieved by exploiting its ability to grow at low temperature and pH, thus, undesired microbial contamination could be eliminated when appropriate culture conditions (incubation temperature as 15°C and initial pH of the medium as 4.5) were selected. 27154516 2 41 dep conditions 490:499 arg1 temperature 513:523 incubation temperature 502:523 incubation temperature as 15°C 502:531 Cultivation in low cost non-sterile conditions was achieved by exploiting its ability to grow at low temperature and pH, thus, undesired microbial contamination could be eliminated when appropriate culture conditions (incubation temperature as 15°C and initial pH of the medium as 4.5) were selected. 27154516 2 41 dep conditions 490:499 arg1 conditions 490:499 appropriate culture conditions 470:499 appropriate culture conditions (incubation temperature as 15°C and initial pH of the medium as 4.5) 470:568 Cultivation in low cost non-sterile conditions was achieved by exploiting its ability to grow at low temperature and pH, thus, undesired microbial contamination could be eliminated when appropriate culture conditions (incubation temperature as 15°C and initial pH of the medium as 4.5) were selected. 27154516 5 42 dep molasses 965:972 arg1 8days 1081:1085 8days 1081:1085 8days 1081:1085 The optimal combinations of factors (molasses, 70ml/l; MgSO4·7H2O, 0.5g/l; inoculum, 6.7×10(6) spores/disc; agitation speed, 150rpm and incubation time, 8days) obtained from the proposed DOE methodology was further validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and the results revealed the increment of chitosan and biomass yields of 14.45 and 8.58 folds from its unoptimized condition, respectively. 27154516 5 42 dep molasses 965:972 arg1 150rpm 1053:1058 150rpm 1053:1058 150rpm 1053:1058 The optimal combinations of factors (molasses, 70ml/l; MgSO4·7H2O, 0.5g/l; inoculum, 6.7×10(6) spores/disc; agitation speed, 150rpm and incubation time, 8days) obtained from the proposed DOE methodology was further validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and the results revealed the increment of chitosan and biomass yields of 14.45 and 8.58 folds from its unoptimized condition, respectively. 27154516 5 42 dep molasses 965:972 arg1 0.5g/l 995:1000 0.5g/l 995:1000 0.5g/l 995:1000 The optimal combinations of factors (molasses, 70ml/l; MgSO4·7H2O, 0.5g/l; inoculum, 6.7×10(6) spores/disc; agitation speed, 150rpm and incubation time, 8days) obtained from the proposed DOE methodology was further validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and the results revealed the increment of chitosan and biomass yields of 14.45 and 8.58 folds from its unoptimized condition, respectively. 27154516 5 42 dep molasses 965:972 arg1 molasses 965:972 molasses 965:972 molasses 965:972 The optimal combinations of factors (molasses, 70ml/l; MgSO4·7H2O, 0.5g/l; inoculum, 6.7×10(6) spores/disc; agitation speed, 150rpm and incubation time, 8days) obtained from the proposed DOE methodology was further validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and the results revealed the increment of chitosan and biomass yields of 14.45 and 8.58 folds from its unoptimized condition, respectively. 27154516 5 42 dep molasses 965:972 arg1 spores/disc 1023:1033 6.7×10(6) spores/disc 1013:1033 6.7×10(6) spores/disc 1013:1033 The optimal combinations of factors (molasses, 70ml/l; MgSO4·7H2O, 0.5g/l; inoculum, 6.7×10(6) spores/disc; agitation speed, 150rpm and incubation time, 8days) obtained from the proposed DOE methodology was further validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and the results revealed the increment of chitosan and biomass yields of 14.45 and 8.58 folds from its unoptimized condition, respectively. 27154516 5 42 dep molasses 965:972 arg1 70ml/l 975:980 70ml/l 975:980 70ml/l 975:980 The optimal combinations of factors (molasses, 70ml/l; MgSO4·7H2O, 0.5g/l; inoculum, 6.7×10(6) spores/disc; agitation speed, 150rpm and incubation time, 8days) obtained from the proposed DOE methodology was further validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and the results revealed the increment of chitosan and biomass yields of 14.45 and 8.58 folds from its unoptimized condition, respectively. 27154516 5 42 dep molasses 965:972 arg1 inoculum 1003:1010 inoculum 1003:1010 inoculum 1003:1010 The optimal combinations of factors (molasses, 70ml/l; MgSO4·7H2O, 0.5g/l; inoculum, 6.7×10(6) spores/disc; agitation speed, 150rpm and incubation time, 8days) obtained from the proposed DOE methodology was further validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and the results revealed the increment of chitosan and biomass yields of 14.45 and 8.58 folds from its unoptimized condition, respectively. 27154516 5 42 dep molasses 965:972 arg1 time 1075:1078 incubation time 1064:1078 incubation time 1064:1078 The optimal combinations of factors (molasses, 70ml/l; MgSO4·7H2O, 0.5g/l; inoculum, 6.7×10(6) spores/disc; agitation speed, 150rpm and incubation time, 8days) obtained from the proposed DOE methodology was further validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and the results revealed the increment of chitosan and biomass yields of 14.45 and 8.58 folds from its unoptimized condition, respectively. 27154516 5 42 dep molasses 965:972 arg1 speed 1046:1050 agitation speed 1036:1050 agitation speed 1036:1050 The optimal combinations of factors (molasses, 70ml/l; MgSO4·7H2O, 0.5g/l; inoculum, 6.7×10(6) spores/disc; agitation speed, 150rpm and incubation time, 8days) obtained from the proposed DOE methodology was further validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and the results revealed the increment of chitosan and biomass yields of 14.45 and 8.58 folds from its unoptimized condition, respectively. 27154516 5 42 dep molasses 965:972 arg1 MgSO4·7H2O 983:992 MgSO4·7H2O 983:992 MgSO4·7H2O 983:992 The optimal combinations of factors (molasses, 70ml/l; MgSO4·7H2O, 0.5g/l; inoculum, 6.7×10(6) spores/disc; agitation speed, 150rpm and incubation time, 8days) obtained from the proposed DOE methodology was further validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and the results revealed the increment of chitosan and biomass yields of 14.45 and 8.58 folds from its unoptimized condition, respectively. 27154516 4 43 theme influensive 764:774 arg1 amount 883:888 inoculum amount 874:888 inoculum amount 874:888 An OA layout of L16 (4(5)) was constructed with five most influensive factors at four levels on chitosan production like, carbon source (molasses), metal ion (Mg(2+)), inoculum amount, agitation speed and incubation time. 27154516 4 43 theme influensive 764:774 arg1 speed 901:905 agitation speed 891:905 agitation speed 891:905 An OA layout of L16 (4(5)) was constructed with five most influensive factors at four levels on chitosan production like, carbon source (molasses), metal ion (Mg(2+)), inoculum amount, agitation speed and incubation time. 27154516 4 43 theme influensive 764:774 arg1 time 922:925 incubation time 911:925 incubation time 911:925 An OA layout of L16 (4(5)) was constructed with five most influensive factors at four levels on chitosan production like, carbon source (molasses), metal ion (Mg(2+)), inoculum amount, agitation speed and incubation time. 27154516 4 43 theme influensive 764:774 arg1 factors 776:782 five most influensive factors 754:782 five most influensive factors at four levels on chitosan production like, carbon source (molasses), metal ion (Mg(2+)) 754:871 An OA layout of L16 (4(5)) was constructed with five most influensive factors at four levels on chitosan production like, carbon source (molasses), metal ion (Mg(2+)), inoculum amount, agitation speed and incubation time. 27154516 3 44 theme OA 674:675 arg1 design 678:683 Taguchi orthogonal array (OA) design 648:683 Taguchi orthogonal array (OA) design of experiment (DOE) 648:703 Medium composition and culture conditions were optimized using Taguchi orthogonal array (OA) design of experiment (DOE). 27154516 3 45 theme culture 608:614 arg1 conditions 616:625 culture conditions 608:625 culture conditions 608:625 Medium composition and culture conditions were optimized using Taguchi orthogonal array (OA) design of experiment (DOE). 27154516 3 46 theme Medium 585:590 arg1 composition 592:602 Medium composition 585:602 Medium composition 585:602 Medium composition and culture conditions were optimized using Taguchi orthogonal array (OA) design of experiment (DOE). 27154516 5 47 theme proposed 1106:1113 arg1 methodology 1119:1129 the proposed DOE methodology 1102:1129 the proposed DOE methodology 1102:1129 The optimal combinations of factors (molasses, 70ml/l; MgSO4·7H2O, 0.5g/l; inoculum, 6.7×10(6) spores/disc; agitation speed, 150rpm and incubation time, 8days) obtained from the proposed DOE methodology was further validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and the results revealed the increment of chitosan and biomass yields of 14.45 and 8.58 folds from its unoptimized condition, respectively. 27154516 1 48 theme oryzae 231:236 arg1 chitosan 106:113 A new chitosan 100:113 A new chitosan producing fungus 100:130 A new chitosan producing fungus was locally isolated from soil samples collected around Erzurum, Turkey and identified as Rhizopus oryzae PAS 17 (GenBank accession number KU318422.1). 27154516 1 48 theme oryzae 231:236 arg1 number 264:269 GenBank accession number KU318422.1 246:280 GenBank accession number KU318422.1 246:280 A new chitosan producing fungus was locally isolated from soil samples collected around Erzurum, Turkey and identified as Rhizopus oryzae PAS 17 (GenBank accession number KU318422.1). 27154516 1 48 theme oryzae 231:236 arg1 PAS 238:240 Rhizopus oryzae PAS 17 222:243 Rhizopus oryzae PAS 17 (GenBank accession number KU318422.1) 222:281 A new chitosan producing fungus was locally isolated from soil samples collected around Erzurum, Turkey and identified as Rhizopus oryzae PAS 17 (GenBank accession number KU318422.1). 27154516 2 49 theme medium 555:560 arg1 pH 545:546 initial pH 537:546 initial pH of the medium 537:560 Cultivation in low cost non-sterile conditions was achieved by exploiting its ability to grow at low temperature and pH, thus, undesired microbial contamination could be eliminated when appropriate culture conditions (incubation temperature as 15°C and initial pH of the medium as 4.5) were selected. 27154516 2 49 theme medium 555:560 arg1 temperature 513:523 incubation temperature 502:523 incubation temperature as 15°C 502:531 Cultivation in low cost non-sterile conditions was achieved by exploiting its ability to grow at low temperature and pH, thus, undesired microbial contamination could be eliminated when appropriate culture conditions (incubation temperature as 15°C and initial pH of the medium as 4.5) were selected. 27154516 2 49 theme medium 555:560 arg1 conditions 490:499 appropriate culture conditions 470:499 appropriate culture conditions (incubation temperature as 15°C and initial pH of the medium as 4.5) 470:568 Cultivation in low cost non-sterile conditions was achieved by exploiting its ability to grow at low temperature and pH, thus, undesired microbial contamination could be eliminated when appropriate culture conditions (incubation temperature as 15°C and initial pH of the medium as 4.5) were selected. 27154516 3 50 theme orthogonal 656:665 arg1 design 678:683 Taguchi orthogonal array (OA) design 648:683 Taguchi orthogonal array (OA) design of experiment (DOE) 648:703 Medium composition and culture conditions were optimized using Taguchi orthogonal array (OA) design of experiment (DOE). 27154516 5 51 theme ANOVA 1178:1182 arg1 test 1185:1188 variance (ANOVA) test 1168:1188 variance (ANOVA) test 1168:1188 The optimal combinations of factors (molasses, 70ml/l; MgSO4·7H2O, 0.5g/l; inoculum, 6.7×10(6) spores/disc; agitation speed, 150rpm and incubation time, 8days) obtained from the proposed DOE methodology was further validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and the results revealed the increment of chitosan and biomass yields of 14.45 and 8.58 folds from its unoptimized condition, respectively. 27154516 5 52 theme DOE 1115:1117 arg1 methodology 1119:1129 the proposed DOE methodology 1102:1129 the proposed DOE methodology 1102:1129 The optimal combinations of factors (molasses, 70ml/l; MgSO4·7H2O, 0.5g/l; inoculum, 6.7×10(6) spores/disc; agitation speed, 150rpm and incubation time, 8days) obtained from the proposed DOE methodology was further validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and the results revealed the increment of chitosan and biomass yields of 14.45 and 8.58 folds from its unoptimized condition, respectively. 27154516 5 53 theme incubation 1064:1073 arg1 molasses 965:972 molasses 965:972 molasses 965:972 The optimal combinations of factors (molasses, 70ml/l; MgSO4·7H2O, 0.5g/l; inoculum, 6.7×10(6) spores/disc; agitation speed, 150rpm and incubation time, 8days) obtained from the proposed DOE methodology was further validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and the results revealed the increment of chitosan and biomass yields of 14.45 and 8.58 folds from its unoptimized condition, respectively. 27154516 5 53 theme incubation 1064:1073 arg1 time 1075:1078 incubation time 1064:1078 incubation time 1064:1078 The optimal combinations of factors (molasses, 70ml/l; MgSO4·7H2O, 0.5g/l; inoculum, 6.7×10(6) spores/disc; agitation speed, 150rpm and incubation time, 8days) obtained from the proposed DOE methodology was further validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and the results revealed the increment of chitosan and biomass yields of 14.45 and 8.58 folds from its unoptimized condition, respectively. 27154516 2 54 theme incubation 502:511 arg1 conditions 490:499 appropriate culture conditions 470:499 appropriate culture conditions (incubation temperature as 15°C and initial pH of the medium as 4.5) 470:568 Cultivation in low cost non-sterile conditions was achieved by exploiting its ability to grow at low temperature and pH, thus, undesired microbial contamination could be eliminated when appropriate culture conditions (incubation temperature as 15°C and initial pH of the medium as 4.5) were selected. 27154516 2 54 theme incubation 502:511 arg1 temperature 513:523 incubation temperature 502:523 incubation temperature as 15°C 502:531 Cultivation in low cost non-sterile conditions was achieved by exploiting its ability to grow at low temperature and pH, thus, undesired microbial contamination could be eliminated when appropriate culture conditions (incubation temperature as 15°C and initial pH of the medium as 4.5) were selected. 27154516 3 55 theme array 667:671 arg1 design 678:683 Taguchi orthogonal array (OA) design 648:683 Taguchi orthogonal array (OA) design of experiment (DOE) 648:703 Medium composition and culture conditions were optimized using Taguchi orthogonal array (OA) design of experiment (DOE). 27154516 2 56 from Cultivation 284:294 arg1 conditions 320:329 low cost non-sterile conditions 299:329 low cost non-sterile conditions 299:329 Cultivation in low cost non-sterile conditions was achieved by exploiting its ability to grow at low temperature and pH, thus, undesired microbial contamination could be eliminated when appropriate culture conditions (incubation temperature as 15°C and initial pH of the medium as 4.5) were selected. 27154516 0 57 theme open 70:73 arg1 conditions 88:97 non-sterile open fermentation conditions 58:97 non-sterile open fermentation conditions 58:97 Chitosan production by psychrotolerant Rhizopus oryzae in non-sterile open fermentation conditions. 27154516 5 58 theme test 1185:1188 arg1 analysis 1156:1163 analysis 1156:1163 analysis of variance (ANOVA) test 1156:1188 The optimal combinations of factors (molasses, 70ml/l; MgSO4·7H2O, 0.5g/l; inoculum, 6.7×10(6) spores/disc; agitation speed, 150rpm and incubation time, 8days) obtained from the proposed DOE methodology was further validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and the results revealed the increment of chitosan and biomass yields of 14.45 and 8.58 folds from its unoptimized condition, respectively. 27154516 1 59 theme soil 158:161 arg1 samples 163:169 soil samples 158:169 soil samples collected around Erzurum, Turkey 158:202 A new chitosan producing fungus was locally isolated from soil samples collected around Erzurum, Turkey and identified as Rhizopus oryzae PAS 17 (GenBank accession number KU318422.1). 26188305 5 0 theme 0.5 672:674 arg1 % 675:675 % 675:675 % 675:675 m-WS particles at 0.5% concentration in the CS/CMC scaffolds showed significant improvement in the bio-mineralization and protein adsorption properties. 26188305 8 1 theme CS/CMC/m-WS 1039:1049 arg1 scaffolds 1051:1059 CS/CMC/m-WS scaffolds 1039:1059 CS/CMC/m-WS scaffolds 1039:1059 The osteogenic potential of CS/CMC/m-WS scaffolds was confirmed by calcium deposition and expression of an osteoblast specific microRNA, pre-mir-15b. 26188305 2 2 theme varied 395:400 arg1 concentrations 402:415 varied concentrations 395:415 varied concentrations of mesoporous wollastonite (m-WS) particles 395:459 In the current study, we fabricated bio-composite scaffolds containing chitosan (CS), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) with varied concentrations of mesoporous wollastonite (m-WS) particles by the freeze drying method. 26188305 7 3 theme cyto-friendly 961:973 arg1 nature 975:980 cyto-friendly nature 961:980 cyto-friendly nature to human osteoblastic cells 961:1008 The CS/CMC/m-WS scaffolds also showed cyto-friendly nature to human osteoblastic cells. 26188305 5 4 theme % 675:675 arg1 concentration 677:689 0.5% concentration 672:689 0.5% concentration in the CS/CMC scaffolds 672:713 m-WS particles at 0.5% concentration in the CS/CMC scaffolds showed significant improvement in the bio-mineralization and protein adsorption properties. 26188305 3 5 theme EDS 547:549 arg1 studies 561:567 the SEM, EDS and FT-IR studies 538:567 the SEM, EDS and FT-IR studies 538:567 The CS/CMC/m-WS scaffolds were characterized by the SEM, EDS and FT-IR studies. 26188305 8 6 theme osteoblast 1118:1127 arg1 pre-mir-15b 1148:1158 pre-mir-15b 1148:1158 pre-mir-15b 1148:1158 The osteogenic potential of CS/CMC/m-WS scaffolds was confirmed by calcium deposition and expression of an osteoblast specific microRNA, pre-mir-15b. 26188305 8 6 theme osteoblast 1118:1127 arg1 microRNA 1138:1145 an osteoblast specific microRNA 1115:1145 an osteoblast specific microRNA 1115:1145 The osteogenic potential of CS/CMC/m-WS scaffolds was confirmed by calcium deposition and expression of an osteoblast specific microRNA, pre-mir-15b. 26188305 8 7 theme microRNA 1138:1145 arg1 expression 1101:1110 expression 1101:1110 expression 1101:1110 The osteogenic potential of CS/CMC/m-WS scaffolds was confirmed by calcium deposition and expression of an osteoblast specific microRNA, pre-mir-15b. 26188305 8 7 theme microRNA 1138:1145 arg1 deposition 1086:1095 calcium deposition 1078:1095 calcium deposition 1078:1095 The osteogenic potential of CS/CMC/m-WS scaffolds was confirmed by calcium deposition and expression of an osteoblast specific microRNA, pre-mir-15b. 26188305 4 8 contain had 597:599 arg1 Addition 570:577 Addition 570:577 Addition of m-WS particles 570:595 Addition of m-WS particles had no effect on altering the porosity of the scaffolds. 26188305 4 8 contain had 597:599 arg2 effect 604:609 no effect 601:609 no effect 601:609 Addition of m-WS particles had no effect on altering the porosity of the scaffolds. 26188305 8 9 theme specific 1129:1136 arg1 pre-mir-15b 1148:1158 pre-mir-15b 1148:1158 pre-mir-15b 1148:1158 The osteogenic potential of CS/CMC/m-WS scaffolds was confirmed by calcium deposition and expression of an osteoblast specific microRNA, pre-mir-15b. 26188305 8 9 theme specific 1129:1136 arg1 microRNA 1138:1145 an osteoblast specific microRNA 1115:1145 an osteoblast specific microRNA 1115:1145 The osteogenic potential of CS/CMC/m-WS scaffolds was confirmed by calcium deposition and expression of an osteoblast specific microRNA, pre-mir-15b. 26188305 8 10 theme calcium 1078:1084 arg1 deposition 1086:1095 calcium deposition 1078:1095 calcium deposition 1078:1095 The osteogenic potential of CS/CMC/m-WS scaffolds was confirmed by calcium deposition and expression of an osteoblast specific microRNA, pre-mir-15b. 26188305 5 11 from improvement 734:744 arg1 bio-mineralization 753:770 the bio-mineralization and protein adsorption properties 749:804 bio-mineralization 753:770 m-WS particles at 0.5% concentration in the CS/CMC scaffolds showed significant improvement in the bio-mineralization and protein adsorption properties. 26188305 5 11 from improvement 734:744 arg1 properties 795:804 the bio-mineralization and protein adsorption properties 749:804 properties 795:804 m-WS particles at 0.5% concentration in the CS/CMC scaffolds showed significant improvement in the bio-mineralization and protein adsorption properties. 26188305 5 12 theme protein 776:782 arg1 properties 795:804 the bio-mineralization and protein adsorption properties 749:804 properties 795:804 m-WS particles at 0.5% concentration in the CS/CMC scaffolds showed significant improvement in the bio-mineralization and protein adsorption properties. 26188305 6 13 theme CS/CMC 841:846 arg1 scaffolds 848:856 the CS/CMC scaffolds 837:856 the CS/CMC scaffolds 837:856 Addition of m-WS particles in the CS/CMC scaffolds significantly reduced their swelling and degradation properties. 26188305 1 14 theme Scaffold 107:114 arg1 engineering 134:144 Scaffold based bone tissue engineering 107:144 Scaffold based bone tissue engineering 107:144 Scaffold based bone tissue engineering utilizes a variety of biopolymers in different combinations aiming to deliver optimal properties required for bone regeneration. 26188305 2 15 theme wollastonite 431:442 arg1 particles 451:459 mesoporous wollastonite (m-WS) particles 420:459 mesoporous wollastonite (m-WS) particles 420:459 In the current study, we fabricated bio-composite scaffolds containing chitosan (CS), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) with varied concentrations of mesoporous wollastonite (m-WS) particles by the freeze drying method. 26188305 5 16 theme adsorption 784:793 arg1 properties 795:804 the bio-mineralization and protein adsorption properties 749:804 properties 795:804 m-WS particles at 0.5% concentration in the CS/CMC scaffolds showed significant improvement in the bio-mineralization and protein adsorption properties. 26188305 5 17 theme m-WS 654:657 arg1 particles 659:667 m-WS particles 654:667 m-WS particles at 0.5% concentration in the CS/CMC scaffolds 654:713 m-WS particles at 0.5% concentration in the CS/CMC scaffolds showed significant improvement in the bio-mineralization and protein adsorption properties. 26188305 1 18 theme based 116:120 arg1 engineering 134:144 Scaffold based bone tissue engineering 107:144 Scaffold based bone tissue engineering 107:144 Scaffold based bone tissue engineering utilizes a variety of biopolymers in different combinations aiming to deliver optimal properties required for bone regeneration. 26188305 9 19 theme current 1171:1177 arg1 investigations 1179:1192 the current investigations 1167:1192 the current investigations 1167:1192 Thus, the current investigations support the use of CS/CMC/m-WS scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. 26188305 3 20 theme FT-IR 555:559 arg1 studies 561:567 the SEM, EDS and FT-IR studies 538:567 the SEM, EDS and FT-IR studies 538:567 The CS/CMC/m-WS scaffolds were characterized by the SEM, EDS and FT-IR studies. 26188305 6 21 dep swelling 886:893 arg1 properties 911:920 properties 911:920 properties 911:920 Addition of m-WS particles in the CS/CMC scaffolds significantly reduced their swelling and degradation properties. 26188305 1 22 theme bone 122:125 arg1 engineering 134:144 Scaffold based bone tissue engineering 107:144 Scaffold based bone tissue engineering 107:144 Scaffold based bone tissue engineering utilizes a variety of biopolymers in different combinations aiming to deliver optimal properties required for bone regeneration. 26188305 1 23 theme optimal 224:230 arg1 properties 232:241 optimal properties 224:241 optimal properties required for bone regeneration 224:272 Scaffold based bone tissue engineering utilizes a variety of biopolymers in different combinations aiming to deliver optimal properties required for bone regeneration. 26188305 4 24 theme particles 587:595 arg1 Addition 570:577 Addition 570:577 Addition of m-WS particles 570:595 Addition of m-WS particles had no effect on altering the porosity of the scaffolds. 26188305 6 25 theme particles 824:832 arg1 Addition 807:814 Addition 807:814 Addition of m-WS particles in the CS/CMC scaffolds 807:856 Addition of m-WS particles in the CS/CMC scaffolds significantly reduced their swelling and degradation properties. 26188305 1 26 theme tissue 127:132 arg1 engineering 134:144 Scaffold based bone tissue engineering 107:144 Scaffold based bone tissue engineering 107:144 Scaffold based bone tissue engineering utilizes a variety of biopolymers in different combinations aiming to deliver optimal properties required for bone regeneration. 26188305 2 27 theme mesoporous 420:429 arg1 m-WS 445:448 m-WS 445:448 m-WS 445:448 In the current study, we fabricated bio-composite scaffolds containing chitosan (CS), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) with varied concentrations of mesoporous wollastonite (m-WS) particles by the freeze drying method. 26188305 2 27 theme mesoporous 420:429 arg1 wollastonite 431:442 mesoporous wollastonite 420:442 mesoporous wollastonite (m-WS) particles 420:459 In the current study, we fabricated bio-composite scaffolds containing chitosan (CS), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) with varied concentrations of mesoporous wollastonite (m-WS) particles by the freeze drying method. 26188305 2 28 theme drying 475:480 arg1 method 482:487 the freeze drying method 464:487 the freeze drying method 464:487 In the current study, we fabricated bio-composite scaffolds containing chitosan (CS), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) with varied concentrations of mesoporous wollastonite (m-WS) particles by the freeze drying method. 26188305 4 29 theme m-WS 582:585 arg1 particles 587:595 m-WS particles 582:595 m-WS particles 582:595 Addition of m-WS particles had no effect on altering the porosity of the scaffolds. 26188305 5 30 theme significant 722:732 arg1 improvement 734:744 significant improvement 722:744 significant improvement in the bio-mineralization and protein adsorption properties 722:804 m-WS particles at 0.5% concentration in the CS/CMC scaffolds showed significant improvement in the bio-mineralization and protein adsorption properties. 26188305 0 31 contain containing 10:19 arg1 Scaffolds 0:8 Scaffolds 0:8 Scaffolds containing chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose/mesoporous 0:63 Scaffolds containing chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose/mesoporous wollastonite for bone tissue engineering. 26188305 0 31 contain containing 10:19 arg2 cellulose/mesoporous 44:63 chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose/mesoporous 21:63 chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose/mesoporous 21:63 Scaffolds containing chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose/mesoporous wollastonite for bone tissue engineering. 26188305 2 32 theme freeze 468:473 arg1 method 482:487 the freeze drying method 464:487 the freeze drying method 464:487 In the current study, we fabricated bio-composite scaffolds containing chitosan (CS), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) with varied concentrations of mesoporous wollastonite (m-WS) particles by the freeze drying method. 26188305 2 33 contain containing 335:344 arg2 carboxymethylcellulose 361:382 carboxymethylcellulose 361:382 carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) 361:388 In the current study, we fabricated bio-composite scaffolds containing chitosan (CS), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) with varied concentrations of mesoporous wollastonite (m-WS) particles by the freeze drying method. 26188305 2 33 contain containing 335:344 arg2 CS 356:357 CS 356:357 CS 356:357 In the current study, we fabricated bio-composite scaffolds containing chitosan (CS), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) with varied concentrations of mesoporous wollastonite (m-WS) particles by the freeze drying method. 26188305 2 33 contain containing 335:344 arg2 chitosan 346:353 chitosan 346:353 chitosan (CS) 346:358 In the current study, we fabricated bio-composite scaffolds containing chitosan (CS), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) with varied concentrations of mesoporous wollastonite (m-WS) particles by the freeze drying method. 26188305 2 33 contain containing 335:344 arg1 scaffolds 325:333 bio-composite scaffolds 311:333 bio-composite scaffolds containing chitosan (CS), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) 311:388 In the current study, we fabricated bio-composite scaffolds containing chitosan (CS), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) with varied concentrations of mesoporous wollastonite (m-WS) particles by the freeze drying method. 26188305 7 34 theme CS/CMC/m-WS 927:937 arg1 scaffolds 939:947 The CS/CMC/m-WS scaffolds 923:947 The CS/CMC/m-WS scaffolds 923:947 The CS/CMC/m-WS scaffolds also showed cyto-friendly nature to human osteoblastic cells. 26188305 1 35 theme bone 256:259 arg1 regeneration 261:272 bone regeneration 256:272 bone regeneration 256:272 Scaffold based bone tissue engineering utilizes a variety of biopolymers in different combinations aiming to deliver optimal properties required for bone regeneration. 26188305 2 36 theme current 282:288 arg1 study 290:294 the current study 278:294 the current study 278:294 In the current study, we fabricated bio-composite scaffolds containing chitosan (CS), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) with varied concentrations of mesoporous wollastonite (m-WS) particles by the freeze drying method. 26188305 2 37 theme particles 451:459 arg1 concentrations 402:415 varied concentrations 395:415 varied concentrations of mesoporous wollastonite (m-WS) particles 395:459 In the current study, we fabricated bio-composite scaffolds containing chitosan (CS), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) with varied concentrations of mesoporous wollastonite (m-WS) particles by the freeze drying method. 26188305 5 38 from concentration 677:689 arg1 particles 659:667 m-WS particles 654:667 m-WS particles at 0.5% concentration in the CS/CMC scaffolds 654:713 m-WS particles at 0.5% concentration in the CS/CMC scaffolds showed significant improvement in the bio-mineralization and protein adsorption properties. 26188305 5 38 from concentration 677:689 arg1 scaffolds 705:713 the CS/CMC scaffolds 694:713 the CS/CMC scaffolds 694:713 m-WS particles at 0.5% concentration in the CS/CMC scaffolds showed significant improvement in the bio-mineralization and protein adsorption properties. 26188305 9 39 theme CS/CMC/m-WS 1213:1223 arg1 scaffolds 1225:1233 CS/CMC/m-WS scaffolds 1213:1233 CS/CMC/m-WS scaffolds 1213:1233 Thus, the current investigations support the use of CS/CMC/m-WS scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. 26188305 3 40 theme CS/CMC/m-WS 494:504 arg1 scaffolds 506:514 The CS/CMC/m-WS scaffolds 490:514 The CS/CMC/m-WS scaffolds 490:514 The CS/CMC/m-WS scaffolds were characterized by the SEM, EDS and FT-IR studies. 26188305 0 41 theme tissue 87:92 arg1 engineering 94:104 bone tissue engineering 82:104 bone tissue engineering 82:104 Scaffolds containing chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose/mesoporous wollastonite for bone tissue engineering. 26188305 9 42 theme scaffolds 1225:1233 arg1 use 1206:1208 the use 1202:1208 the use of CS/CMC/m-WS scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications 1202:1274 Thus, the current investigations support the use of CS/CMC/m-WS scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. 26188305 0 43 theme bone 82:85 arg1 engineering 94:104 bone tissue engineering 82:104 bone tissue engineering 82:104 Scaffolds containing chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose/mesoporous wollastonite for bone tissue engineering. 26188305 5 44 theme CS/CMC 698:703 arg1 scaffolds 705:713 the CS/CMC scaffolds 694:713 the CS/CMC scaffolds 694:713 m-WS particles at 0.5% concentration in the CS/CMC scaffolds showed significant improvement in the bio-mineralization and protein adsorption properties. 26188305 8 45 theme osteogenic 1015:1024 arg1 potential 1026:1034 The osteogenic potential 1011:1034 The osteogenic potential of CS/CMC/m-WS scaffolds 1011:1059 The osteogenic potential of CS/CMC/m-WS scaffolds was confirmed by calcium deposition and expression of an osteoblast specific microRNA, pre-mir-15b. 26188305 3 46 theme SEM 542:544 arg1 studies 561:567 the SEM, EDS and FT-IR studies 538:567 the SEM, EDS and FT-IR studies 538:567 The CS/CMC/m-WS scaffolds were characterized by the SEM, EDS and FT-IR studies. 26188305 7 47 theme human 985:989 arg1 cells 1004:1008 human osteoblastic cells 985:1008 human osteoblastic cells 985:1008 The CS/CMC/m-WS scaffolds also showed cyto-friendly nature to human osteoblastic cells. 26188305 6 48 theme m-WS 819:822 arg1 particles 824:832 m-WS particles 819:832 m-WS particles 819:832 Addition of m-WS particles in the CS/CMC scaffolds significantly reduced their swelling and degradation properties. 26188305 9 49 theme bone 1239:1242 arg1 applications 1263:1274 bone tissue engineering applications 1239:1274 bone tissue engineering applications 1239:1274 Thus, the current investigations support the use of CS/CMC/m-WS scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. 26188305 7 50 theme osteoblastic 991:1002 arg1 cells 1004:1008 human osteoblastic cells 985:1008 human osteoblastic cells 985:1008 The CS/CMC/m-WS scaffolds also showed cyto-friendly nature to human osteoblastic cells. 26188305 2 51 theme bio-composite 311:323 arg1 scaffolds 325:333 bio-composite scaffolds 311:333 bio-composite scaffolds containing chitosan (CS), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) 311:388 In the current study, we fabricated bio-composite scaffolds containing chitosan (CS), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) with varied concentrations of mesoporous wollastonite (m-WS) particles by the freeze drying method. 26188305 9 52 theme tissue 1244:1249 arg1 applications 1263:1274 bone tissue engineering applications 1239:1274 bone tissue engineering applications 1239:1274 Thus, the current investigations support the use of CS/CMC/m-WS scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. 26188305 1 53 theme biopolymers 168:178 arg1 biopolymers 168:178 biopolymers 168:178 biopolymers 168:178 Scaffold based bone tissue engineering utilizes a variety of biopolymers in different combinations aiming to deliver optimal properties required for bone regeneration. 26188305 1 53 theme biopolymers 168:178 arg1 variety 157:163 a variety 155:163 a variety of biopolymers 155:178 Scaffold based bone tissue engineering utilizes a variety of biopolymers in different combinations aiming to deliver optimal properties required for bone regeneration. 26188305 9 54 theme engineering 1251:1261 arg1 applications 1263:1274 bone tissue engineering applications 1239:1274 bone tissue engineering applications 1239:1274 Thus, the current investigations support the use of CS/CMC/m-WS scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. 26188305 4 55 theme scaffolds 643:651 arg1 porosity 627:634 the porosity 623:634 the porosity of the scaffolds 623:651 Addition of m-WS particles had no effect on altering the porosity of the scaffolds. 26188305 0 56 theme chitosan/carboxymethyl 21:42 arg1 cellulose/mesoporous 44:63 chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose/mesoporous 21:63 chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose/mesoporous 21:63 Scaffolds containing chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose/mesoporous wollastonite for bone tissue engineering. 26188305 8 57 theme scaffolds 1051:1059 arg1 potential 1026:1034 The osteogenic potential 1011:1034 The osteogenic potential of CS/CMC/m-WS scaffolds 1011:1059 The osteogenic potential of CS/CMC/m-WS scaffolds was confirmed by calcium deposition and expression of an osteoblast specific microRNA, pre-mir-15b. 26188305 1 58 theme different 183:191 arg1 combinations 193:204 different combinations 183:204 different combinations aiming to deliver optimal properties required for bone regeneration 183:272 Scaffold based bone tissue engineering utilizes a variety of biopolymers in different combinations aiming to deliver optimal properties required for bone regeneration. 26188305 6 59 from Addition 807:814 arg1 scaffolds 848:856 the CS/CMC scaffolds 837:856 the CS/CMC scaffolds 837:856 Addition of m-WS particles in the CS/CMC scaffolds significantly reduced their swelling and degradation properties. 26791444 9 0 theme chains 1751:1756 arg1 relationship 1732:1743 the structure-function relationship 1709:1743 the structure-function relationship of CS chains 1709:1756 This CS chain sequencing allows characterization of CS-modifying enzymes and provides a useful tool toward understanding the structure-function relationship of CS chains. 26791444 8 1 theme reducing 1046:1053 arg1 end 1055:1057 a reducing end 1044:1057 a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides 1044:1281 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 8 2 with oligosaccharides 1186:1201 arg1 lengths 1224:1230 different chain lengths 1208:1230 different chain lengths 1208:1230 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 5 3 theme chains 718:723 arg1 relationship 699:710 the structure-function relationship 676:710 the structure-function relationship of CS chains 676:723 However, structural analysis of CS has been restricted to disaccharide analysis, hampering the understanding of the structure-function relationship of CS chains. 26791444 8 4 dep consists 1019:1026 arg1 followed 1332:1339 followed 1332:1339 followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios 1332:1585 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 6 5 contain having 788:793 arg1 dodecasaccharides 770:786 CS dodecasaccharides 767:786 CS dodecasaccharides having various sulfate modifications 767:823 Here, we chemo-enzymatically synthesized CS dodecasaccharides having various sulfate modifications using a bioreactor system of bacterial chondroitin polymerase mutants and various CS sulfotransferases. 26791444 6 5 contain having 788:793 arg2 modifications 811:823 various sulfate modifications 795:823 various sulfate modifications 795:823 Here, we chemo-enzymatically synthesized CS dodecasaccharides having various sulfate modifications using a bioreactor system of bacterial chondroitin polymerase mutants and various CS sulfotransferases. 26791444 8 6 dep digestion 1099:1107 arg1 ii 1087:1088 ii 1087:1088 ii 1087:1088 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 6 7 theme CS 907:908 arg1 sulfotransferases 910:926 various CS sulfotransferases 899:926 various CS sulfotransferases 899:926 Here, we chemo-enzymatically synthesized CS dodecasaccharides having various sulfate modifications using a bioreactor system of bacterial chondroitin polymerase mutants and various CS sulfotransferases. 26791444 7 8 theme CS 966:967 arg1 chains 969:974 CS chains 966:974 CS chains using the CS dodecasaccharides 966:1005 We developed a sequencing method for CS chains using the CS dodecasaccharides. 26791444 8 9 theme limited 1239:1245 arg1 end 1055:1057 a reducing end 1044:1057 a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides 1044:1281 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 8 10 with digestion 1099:1107 arg1 hyaluronidase 1131:1143 testicular hyaluronidase 1120:1143 testicular hyaluronidase 1120:1143 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 5 11 theme structure-function 680:697 arg1 relationship 699:710 the structure-function relationship 676:710 the structure-function relationship of CS chains 676:723 However, structural analysis of CS has been restricted to disaccharide analysis, hampering the understanding of the structure-function relationship of CS chains. 26791444 1 12 theme acid 191:194 arg1 units 171:175 disaccharide units 158:175 disaccharide units of glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-d-galactosamine 158:223 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a linear acidic polysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharide units of glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-d-galactosamine. 26791444 6 13 theme polymerase 876:885 arg1 mutants 887:893 bacterial chondroitin polymerase mutants 854:893 bacterial chondroitin polymerase mutants 854:893 Here, we chemo-enzymatically synthesized CS dodecasaccharides having various sulfate modifications using a bioreactor system of bacterial chondroitin polymerase mutants and various CS sulfotransferases. 26791444 1 14 theme N-acetyl-d-galactosamine 200:223 arg1 units 171:175 disaccharide units 158:175 disaccharide units of glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-d-galactosamine 158:223 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a linear acidic polysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharide units of glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-d-galactosamine. 26791444 8 15 theme oligosaccharides 1266:1281 arg1 end 1055:1057 a reducing end 1044:1057 a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides 1044:1281 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 8 16 theme chondroitin 1288:1298 arg1 AC 1306:1307 chondroitin lyase AC II 1288:1310 chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides 1288:1329 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 2 17 theme sulfate 262:268 arg1 groups 270:275 sulfate groups 262:275 sulfate groups at different positions 262:298 The polysaccharide is modified with sulfate groups at different positions by a variety of sulfotransferases. 26791444 5 18 theme CS 596:597 arg1 analysis 584:591 structural analysis 573:591 structural analysis of CS 573:597 However, structural analysis of CS has been restricted to disaccharide analysis, hampering the understanding of the structure-function relationship of CS chains. 26791444 8 19 theme composition 1529:1539 arg1 2-aminobenzamide 1358:1373 2-aminobenzamide 1358:1373 2-aminobenzamide 1358:1373 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 8 19 theme composition 1529:1539 arg1 estimation 1511:1520 (v) estimation 1507:1520 (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios 1507:1585 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 8 19 theme composition 1529:1539 arg1 analysis 1397:1404 (iv) CS disaccharide analysis 1376:1404 (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography) 1376:1500 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 8 20 theme CS 1381:1382 arg1 analysis 1397:1404 (iv) CS disaccharide analysis 1376:1404 (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography) 1376:1500 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 8 21 dep labeling 1035:1042 arg1 i 1032:1032 i 1032:1032 i 1032:1032 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 9 22 theme chain 1596:1600 arg1 sequencing 1602:1611 This CS chain sequencing 1588:1611 This CS chain sequencing 1588:1611 This CS chain sequencing allows characterization of CS-modifying enzymes and provides a useful tool toward understanding the structure-function relationship of CS chains. 26791444 3 23 theme various 353:359 arg1 functions 389:397 various biological and pathological functions 353:397 various biological and pathological functions 353:397 CS chains exhibit various biological and pathological functions by interacting with cytokines and growth factors and regulating their signal transduction. 26791444 4 24 theme biological 546:555 arg1 roles 557:561 its specific biological roles 533:561 its specific biological roles 533:561 The fine structure of the CS chain defines its specific biological roles. 26791444 8 25 theme individual 1556:1565 arg1 ratios 1580:1585 individual disaccharide ratios 1556:1585 individual disaccharide ratios 1556:1585 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 9 26 theme useful 1676:1681 arg1 tool 1683:1686 a useful tool 1674:1686 a useful tool toward understanding the structure-function relationship of CS chains 1674:1756 This CS chain sequencing allows characterization of CS-modifying enzymes and provides a useful tool toward understanding the structure-function relationship of CS chains. 26791444 4 27 theme chain 519:523 arg1 structure 499:507 The fine structure 490:507 The fine structure of the CS chain 490:523 The fine structure of the CS chain defines its specific biological roles. 26791444 8 28 theme HPLC 1432:1435 arg1 chromatography 1486:1499 reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography 1445:1499 reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography 1445:1499 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 8 28 theme HPLC 1432:1435 arg1 system 1437:1442 a dual-fluorescence HPLC system 1412:1442 a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography) 1412:1500 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 8 29 theme CS 1112:1113 arg1 digestion 1099:1107 (ii) partial digestion 1086:1107 (ii) partial digestion 1086:1107 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 8 29 theme CS 1112:1113 arg1 2-aminopyridine 1064:1078 2-aminopyridine 1064:1078 2-aminopyridine (PA) 1064:1083 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 9 30 theme enzymes 1653:1659 arg1 characterization 1620:1635 characterization 1620:1635 characterization of CS-modifying enzymes 1620:1659 This CS chain sequencing allows characterization of CS-modifying enzymes and provides a useful tool toward understanding the structure-function relationship of CS chains. 26791444 3 31 theme growth 433:438 arg1 factors 440:446 growth factors 433:446 growth factors 433:446 CS chains exhibit various biological and pathological functions by interacting with cytokines and growth factors and regulating their signal transduction. 26791444 6 32 theme CS 767:768 arg1 dodecasaccharides 770:786 CS dodecasaccharides 767:786 CS dodecasaccharides having various sulfate modifications 767:823 Here, we chemo-enzymatically synthesized CS dodecasaccharides having various sulfate modifications using a bioreactor system of bacterial chondroitin polymerase mutants and various CS sulfotransferases. 26791444 0 33 theme Sequence 0:7 arg1 determination 9:21 Sequence determination 0:21 Sequence determination of synthesized chondroitin sulfate dodecasaccharides. 0:75 Sequence determination of synthesized chondroitin sulfate dodecasaccharides. 26791444 8 34 theme testicular 1120:1129 arg1 hyaluronidase 1131:1143 testicular hyaluronidase 1120:1143 testicular hyaluronidase 1120:1143 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 8 35 theme ion-pair 1460:1467 arg1 chromatography 1486:1499 reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography 1445:1499 reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography 1445:1499 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 8 35 theme ion-pair 1460:1467 arg1 system 1437:1442 a dual-fluorescence HPLC system 1412:1442 a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography) 1412:1500 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 1 36 theme linear 107:112 arg1 polysaccharide 121:134 a linear acidic polysaccharide 105:134 a linear acidic polysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharide units of glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-d-galactosamine 105:223 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a linear acidic polysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharide units of glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-d-galactosamine. 26791444 1 36 theme linear 107:112 arg1 sulfate 89:95 Chondroitin sulfate 77:95 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) 77:100 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a linear acidic polysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharide units of glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-d-galactosamine. 26791444 8 37 with end 1055:1057 arg1 digestion 1099:1107 (ii) partial digestion 1086:1107 (ii) partial digestion 1086:1107 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 8 37 with end 1055:1057 arg1 PA 1081:1082 PA 1081:1082 PA 1081:1082 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 8 37 with end 1055:1057 arg1 2-aminopyridine 1064:1078 2-aminopyridine 1064:1078 2-aminopyridine (PA) 1064:1083 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 8 38 theme ion-exchange 1473:1484 arg1 chromatography 1486:1499 reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography 1445:1499 reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography 1445:1499 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 8 38 theme ion-exchange 1473:1484 arg1 system 1437:1442 a dual-fluorescence HPLC system 1412:1442 a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography) 1412:1500 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 0 39 theme chondroitin 38:48 arg1 dodecasaccharides 58:74 synthesized chondroitin sulfate dodecasaccharides 26:74 synthesized chondroitin sulfate dodecasaccharides 26:74 Sequence determination of synthesized chondroitin sulfate dodecasaccharides. 26791444 0 40 theme dodecasaccharides 58:74 arg1 determination 9:21 Sequence determination 0:21 Sequence determination of synthesized chondroitin sulfate dodecasaccharides. 0:75 Sequence determination of synthesized chondroitin sulfate dodecasaccharides. 26791444 8 41 dep estimation 1511:1520 arg1 v 1508:1508 v 1508:1508 v 1508:1508 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 6 42 theme bioreactor 833:842 arg1 system 844:849 a bioreactor system 831:849 a bioreactor system of bacterial chondroitin polymerase mutants and various CS sulfotransferases 831:926 Here, we chemo-enzymatically synthesized CS dodecasaccharides having various sulfate modifications using a bioreactor system of bacterial chondroitin polymerase mutants and various CS sulfotransferases. 26791444 8 43 theme oligosaccharides 1186:1201 arg1 separation 1158:1167 separation 1158:1167 separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths 1158:1230 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 1 44 theme disaccharide 158:169 arg1 units 171:175 disaccharide units 158:175 disaccharide units of glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-d-galactosamine 158:223 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a linear acidic polysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharide units of glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-d-galactosamine. 26791444 8 45 theme different 1208:1216 arg1 lengths 1224:1230 different chain lengths 1208:1230 different chain lengths 1208:1230 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 9 46 theme CS 1748:1749 arg1 chains 1751:1756 CS chains 1748:1756 CS chains 1748:1756 This CS chain sequencing allows characterization of CS-modifying enzymes and provides a useful tool toward understanding the structure-function relationship of CS chains. 26791444 5 47 theme CS 715:716 arg1 chains 718:723 CS chains 715:723 CS chains 715:723 However, structural analysis of CS has been restricted to disaccharide analysis, hampering the understanding of the structure-function relationship of CS chains. 26791444 6 48 theme sulfate 803:809 arg1 modifications 811:823 various sulfate modifications 795:823 various sulfate modifications 795:823 Here, we chemo-enzymatically synthesized CS dodecasaccharides having various sulfate modifications using a bioreactor system of bacterial chondroitin polymerase mutants and various CS sulfotransferases. 26791444 8 49 theme disaccharide 1567:1578 arg1 ratios 1580:1585 individual disaccharide ratios 1556:1585 individual disaccharide ratios 1556:1585 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 6 50 theme sulfotransferases 910:926 arg1 system 844:849 a bioreactor system 831:849 a bioreactor system of bacterial chondroitin polymerase mutants and various CS sulfotransferases 831:926 Here, we chemo-enzymatically synthesized CS dodecasaccharides having various sulfate modifications using a bioreactor system of bacterial chondroitin polymerase mutants and various CS sulfotransferases. 26791444 2 51 theme sulfotransferases 316:332 arg1 sulfotransferases 316:332 sulfotransferases 316:332 sulfotransferases 316:332 The polysaccharide is modified with sulfate groups at different positions by a variety of sulfotransferases. 26791444 2 51 theme sulfotransferases 316:332 arg1 variety 305:311 a variety 303:311 a variety of sulfotransferases 303:332 The polysaccharide is modified with sulfate groups at different positions by a variety of sulfotransferases. 26791444 8 52 with labeling 1344:1351 arg1 2-aminobenzamide 1358:1373 2-aminobenzamide 1358:1373 2-aminobenzamide 1358:1373 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 8 52 with labeling 1344:1351 arg1 estimation 1511:1520 (v) estimation 1507:1520 (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios 1507:1585 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 8 52 with labeling 1344:1351 arg1 analysis 1397:1404 (iv) CS disaccharide analysis 1376:1404 (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography) 1376:1500 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 6 53 theme various 899:905 arg1 sulfotransferases 910:926 various CS sulfotransferases 899:926 various CS sulfotransferases 899:926 Here, we chemo-enzymatically synthesized CS dodecasaccharides having various sulfate modifications using a bioreactor system of bacterial chondroitin polymerase mutants and various CS sulfotransferases. 26791444 1 54 theme glucuronic 180:189 arg1 acid 191:194 glucuronic acid 180:194 glucuronic acid 180:194 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a linear acidic polysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharide units of glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-d-galactosamine. 26791444 5 55 theme relationship 699:710 arg1 understanding 659:671 the understanding 655:671 the understanding of the structure-function relationship of CS chains 655:723 However, structural analysis of CS has been restricted to disaccharide analysis, hampering the understanding of the structure-function relationship of CS chains. 26791444 6 56 theme mutants 887:893 arg1 system 844:849 a bioreactor system 831:849 a bioreactor system of bacterial chondroitin polymerase mutants and various CS sulfotransferases 831:926 Here, we chemo-enzymatically synthesized CS dodecasaccharides having various sulfate modifications using a bioreactor system of bacterial chondroitin polymerase mutants and various CS sulfotransferases. 26791444 6 57 theme chondroitin 864:874 arg1 mutants 887:893 bacterial chondroitin polymerase mutants 854:893 bacterial chondroitin polymerase mutants 854:893 Here, we chemo-enzymatically synthesized CS dodecasaccharides having various sulfate modifications using a bioreactor system of bacterial chondroitin polymerase mutants and various CS sulfotransferases. 26791444 7 58 theme sequencing 944:953 arg1 method 955:960 a sequencing method 942:960 a sequencing method for CS chains using the CS dodecasaccharides 942:1005 We developed a sequencing method for CS chains using the CS dodecasaccharides. 26791444 4 59 theme CS 516:517 arg1 chain 519:523 the CS chain 512:523 the CS chain 512:523 The fine structure of the CS chain defines its specific biological roles. 26791444 1 60 theme acidic 114:119 arg1 polysaccharide 121:134 a linear acidic polysaccharide 105:134 a linear acidic polysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharide units of glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-d-galactosamine 105:223 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a linear acidic polysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharide units of glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-d-galactosamine. 26791444 1 60 theme acidic 114:119 arg1 sulfate 89:95 Chondroitin sulfate 77:95 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) 77:100 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a linear acidic polysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharide units of glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-d-galactosamine. 26791444 8 61 theme lyase 1300:1304 arg1 AC 1306:1307 chondroitin lyase AC II 1288:1310 chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides 1288:1329 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 8 62 dep end 1055:1057 arg1 iii 1234:1236 iii 1234:1236 iii 1234:1236 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 8 62 dep end 1055:1057 arg1 digestion 1247:1255 digestion 1247:1255 a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides 1044:1281 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 3 63 theme CS 335:336 arg1 chains 338:343 CS chains 335:343 CS chains 335:343 CS chains exhibit various biological and pathological functions by interacting with cytokines and growth factors and regulating their signal transduction. 26791444 4 64 theme fine 494:497 arg1 structure 499:507 The fine structure 490:507 The fine structure of the CS chain 490:523 The fine structure of the CS chain defines its specific biological roles. 26791444 2 65 theme different 280:288 arg1 positions 290:298 different positions 280:298 different positions 280:298 The polysaccharide is modified with sulfate groups at different positions by a variety of sulfotransferases. 26791444 5 66 theme structural 573:582 arg1 analysis 584:591 structural analysis 573:591 structural analysis of CS 573:597 However, structural analysis of CS has been restricted to disaccharide analysis, hampering the understanding of the structure-function relationship of CS chains. 26791444 9 67 theme CS 1593:1594 arg1 sequencing 1602:1611 This CS chain sequencing 1588:1611 This CS chain sequencing 1588:1611 This CS chain sequencing allows characterization of CS-modifying enzymes and provides a useful tool toward understanding the structure-function relationship of CS chains. 26791444 3 68 theme pathological 376:387 arg1 functions 389:397 various biological and pathological functions 353:397 various biological and pathological functions 353:397 CS chains exhibit various biological and pathological functions by interacting with cytokines and growth factors and regulating their signal transduction. 26791444 8 69 theme partial 1091:1097 arg1 digestion 1099:1107 (ii) partial digestion 1086:1107 (ii) partial digestion 1086:1107 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 8 69 theme partial 1091:1097 arg1 2-aminopyridine 1064:1078 2-aminopyridine 1064:1078 2-aminopyridine (PA) 1064:1083 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 3 70 theme biological 361:370 arg1 functions 389:397 various biological and pathological functions 353:397 various biological and pathological functions 353:397 CS chains exhibit various biological and pathological functions by interacting with cytokines and growth factors and regulating their signal transduction. 26791444 8 71 theme disaccharide 1384:1395 arg1 analysis 1397:1404 (iv) CS disaccharide analysis 1376:1404 (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography) 1376:1500 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 1 72 theme Chondroitin 77:87 arg1 CS 98:99 CS 98:99 CS 98:99 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a linear acidic polysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharide units of glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-d-galactosamine. 26791444 1 72 theme Chondroitin 77:87 arg1 sulfate 89:95 Chondroitin sulfate 77:95 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) 77:100 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a linear acidic polysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharide units of glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-d-galactosamine. 26791444 1 72 theme Chondroitin 77:87 arg1 polysaccharide 121:134 a linear acidic polysaccharide 105:134 a linear acidic polysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharide units of glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-d-galactosamine 105:223 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a linear acidic polysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharide units of glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-d-galactosamine. 26791444 6 73 theme various 795:801 arg1 modifications 811:823 various sulfate modifications 795:823 various sulfate modifications 795:823 Here, we chemo-enzymatically synthesized CS dodecasaccharides having various sulfate modifications using a bioreactor system of bacterial chondroitin polymerase mutants and various CS sulfotransferases. 26791444 9 74 theme CS-modifying 1640:1651 arg1 enzymes 1653:1659 CS-modifying enzymes 1640:1659 CS-modifying enzymes 1640:1659 This CS chain sequencing allows characterization of CS-modifying enzymes and provides a useful tool toward understanding the structure-function relationship of CS chains. 26791444 4 75 theme specific 537:544 arg1 roles 557:561 its specific biological roles 533:561 its specific biological roles 533:561 The fine structure of the CS chain defines its specific biological roles. 26791444 8 76 theme dual-fluorescence 1414:1430 arg1 chromatography 1486:1499 reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography 1445:1499 reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography 1445:1499 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 8 76 theme dual-fluorescence 1414:1430 arg1 system 1437:1442 a dual-fluorescence HPLC system 1412:1442 a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography) 1412:1500 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 5 77 theme disaccharide 622:633 arg1 analysis 635:642 disaccharide analysis 622:642 disaccharide analysis 622:642 However, structural analysis of CS has been restricted to disaccharide analysis, hampering the understanding of the structure-function relationship of CS chains. 26791444 0 78 theme synthesized 26:36 arg1 dodecasaccharides 58:74 synthesized chondroitin sulfate dodecasaccharides 26:74 synthesized chondroitin sulfate dodecasaccharides 26:74 Sequence determination of synthesized chondroitin sulfate dodecasaccharides. 26791444 0 79 theme sulfate 50:56 arg1 dodecasaccharides 58:74 synthesized chondroitin sulfate dodecasaccharides 26:74 synthesized chondroitin sulfate dodecasaccharides 26:74 Sequence determination of synthesized chondroitin sulfate dodecasaccharides. 26791444 8 80 dep analysis 1397:1404 arg1 iv 1377:1378 iv 1377:1378 iv 1377:1378 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 2 81 from positions 290:298 arg1 groups 270:275 sulfate groups 262:275 sulfate groups at different positions 262:298 The polysaccharide is modified with sulfate groups at different positions by a variety of sulfotransferases. 26791444 3 82 theme signal 469:474 arg1 transduction 476:487 their signal transduction 463:487 their signal transduction 463:487 CS chains exhibit various biological and pathological functions by interacting with cytokines and growth factors and regulating their signal transduction. 26791444 6 83 theme bacterial 854:862 arg1 mutants 887:893 bacterial chondroitin polymerase mutants 854:893 bacterial chondroitin polymerase mutants 854:893 Here, we chemo-enzymatically synthesized CS dodecasaccharides having various sulfate modifications using a bioreactor system of bacterial chondroitin polymerase mutants and various CS sulfotransferases. 26791444 8 84 theme PA-conjugated 1172:1184 arg1 oligosaccharides 1186:1201 PA-conjugated oligosaccharides 1172:1201 PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths 1172:1230 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 9 85 theme structure-function 1713:1730 arg1 relationship 1732:1743 the structure-function relationship 1709:1743 the structure-function relationship of CS chains 1709:1756 This CS chain sequencing allows characterization of CS-modifying enzymes and provides a useful tool toward understanding the structure-function relationship of CS chains. 26791444 2 86 mod modified 248:255 arg3 variety 305:311 a variety 303:311 a variety of sulfotransferases 303:332 The polysaccharide is modified with sulfate groups at different positions by a variety of sulfotransferases. 26791444 2 86 mod modified 248:255 arg1 polysaccharide 230:243 The polysaccharide 226:243 The polysaccharide 226:243 The polysaccharide is modified with sulfate groups at different positions by a variety of sulfotransferases. 26791444 2 86 mod modified 248:255 arg3 groups 270:275 sulfate groups 262:275 sulfate groups at different positions 262:298 The polysaccharide is modified with sulfate groups at different positions by a variety of sulfotransferases. 26791444 2 86 mod modified 248:255 arg3 sulfotransferases 316:332 sulfotransferases 316:332 sulfotransferases 316:332 The polysaccharide is modified with sulfate groups at different positions by a variety of sulfotransferases. 26791444 8 87 theme chain 1218:1222 arg1 lengths 1224:1230 different chain lengths 1208:1230 different chain lengths 1208:1230 The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. 26791444 7 88 theme CS 986:987 arg1 dodecasaccharides 989:1005 the CS dodecasaccharides 982:1005 the CS dodecasaccharides 982:1005 We developed a sequencing method for CS chains using the CS dodecasaccharides. 26434527 3 0 theme load-bearing 724:735 arg1 bone 737:740 potential load-bearing bone substitutes 714:752 potential load-bearing bone substitutes 714:752 The uniform dispersion of HA nanoparticles had prominent effect on improving the mechanical properties of the agar/HA nanocomposites (the highest elastic modulus: 1104.42 MPa; the highest compressive strength: 400.039 MPa), which proved to be potential load-bearing bone substitutes. 26434527 5 1 theme composite 863:871 arg1 disks 873:877 the composite disks 859:877 the composite disks 859:877 The MG63 osteoblast-like cells on the composite disks displayed fusiform and polygonal morphology in the presence of HA, suggesting that the cell maturation was promoted. 26434527 6 2 theme cell 1034:1037 arg1 differentiation 1039:1053 cell differentiation 1034:1053 cell differentiation 1034:1053 The results of cell proliferation and cell differentiation indicated that the cells cultured on the agar/HA composite disks significantly increased the alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition. 26434527 8 3 theme optimal 1371:1377 arg1 properties 1379:1388 The optimal properties 1367:1388 The optimal properties 1367:1388 The optimal properties were the result of a comprehensive synergy of the components. 26434527 8 3 theme optimal 1371:1377 arg1 result 1399:1404 the result 1395:1404 the result of a comprehensive synergy of the components 1395:1449 The optimal properties were the result of a comprehensive synergy of the components. 26434527 7 4 from effect 1299:1304 arg1 properties 1337:1346 properties 1337:1346 properties 1337:1346 The structural role of agarose in the composite system was investigated to better understand the effect of biopolymer on structure and properties of the composites. 26434527 7 4 from effect 1299:1304 arg1 structure 1323:1331 structure 1323:1331 structure 1323:1331 The structural role of agarose in the composite system was investigated to better understand the effect of biopolymer on structure and properties of the composites. 26434527 2 5 theme organic 383:389 arg1 matrix 391:396 the organic matrix 379:396 the organic matrix 379:396 Observation via SEM and TEM revealed that the spherical inorganic nanoparticles of approximately 50 nm were well dispersed in the organic matrix, and the crystallographic area combined closely with the amorphous area. 26434527 5 6 theme cell 966:969 arg1 maturation 971:980 the cell maturation 962:980 the cell maturation 962:980 The MG63 osteoblast-like cells on the composite disks displayed fusiform and polygonal morphology in the presence of HA, suggesting that the cell maturation was promoted. 26434527 7 7 from role 1217:1220 arg1 system 1250:1255 the composite system 1236:1255 the composite system 1236:1255 The structural role of agarose in the composite system was investigated to better understand the effect of biopolymer on structure and properties of the composites. 26434527 3 8 theme agar/HA 581:587 arg1 nanocomposites 589:602 the agar/HA nanocomposites 577:602 the agar/HA nanocomposites (the highest elastic modulus: 1104.42 MPa; the highest compressive strength: 400.039 MPa) 577:692 The uniform dispersion of HA nanoparticles had prominent effect on improving the mechanical properties of the agar/HA nanocomposites (the highest elastic modulus: 1104.42 MPa; the highest compressive strength: 400.039 MPa), which proved to be potential load-bearing bone substitutes. 26434527 6 9 theme proliferation 1016:1028 arg1 results 1000:1006 The results 996:1006 The results of cell proliferation and cell differentiation 996:1053 The results of cell proliferation and cell differentiation indicated that the cells cultured on the agar/HA composite disks significantly increased the alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition. 26434527 3 10 theme highest 609:615 arg1 modulus 625:631 the highest elastic modulus 605:631 the highest elastic modulus: 1104.42 MPa; the highest compressive strength: 400.039 MPa 605:691 The uniform dispersion of HA nanoparticles had prominent effect on improving the mechanical properties of the agar/HA nanocomposites (the highest elastic modulus: 1104.42 MPa; the highest compressive strength: 400.039 MPa), which proved to be potential load-bearing bone substitutes. 26434527 3 11 theme nanocomposites 589:602 arg1 properties 563:572 the mechanical properties 548:572 the mechanical properties of the agar/HA nanocomposites (the highest elastic modulus: 1104.42 MPa; the highest compressive strength: 400.039 MPa) 548:692 The uniform dispersion of HA nanoparticles had prominent effect on improving the mechanical properties of the agar/HA nanocomposites (the highest elastic modulus: 1104.42 MPa; the highest compressive strength: 400.039 MPa), which proved to be potential load-bearing bone substitutes. 26434527 1 12 dep bone 165:168 arg1 substitutes 170:180 substitutes 170:180 substitutes 170:180 Agarose/hydroxyapatite (agar/HA) nanocomposites for load-bearing bone substitutes were successfully fabricated via a novel in situ precipitation method. 26434527 3 13 dep nanocomposites 589:602 arg1 modulus 625:631 the highest elastic modulus 605:631 the highest elastic modulus: 1104.42 MPa; the highest compressive strength: 400.039 MPa 605:691 The uniform dispersion of HA nanoparticles had prominent effect on improving the mechanical properties of the agar/HA nanocomposites (the highest elastic modulus: 1104.42 MPa; the highest compressive strength: 400.039 MPa), which proved to be potential load-bearing bone substitutes. 26434527 7 14 theme composite 1240:1248 arg1 system 1250:1255 the composite system 1236:1255 the composite system 1236:1255 The structural role of agarose in the composite system was investigated to better understand the effect of biopolymer on structure and properties of the composites. 26434527 3 15 contain had 514:516 arg1 dispersion 483:492 The uniform dispersion 471:492 The uniform dispersion of HA nanoparticles 471:512 The uniform dispersion of HA nanoparticles had prominent effect on improving the mechanical properties of the agar/HA nanocomposites (the highest elastic modulus: 1104.42 MPa; the highest compressive strength: 400.039 MPa), which proved to be potential load-bearing bone substitutes. 26434527 3 15 contain had 514:516 arg2 effect 528:533 prominent effect 518:533 prominent effect 518:533 The uniform dispersion of HA nanoparticles had prominent effect on improving the mechanical properties of the agar/HA nanocomposites (the highest elastic modulus: 1104.42 MPa; the highest compressive strength: 400.039 MPa), which proved to be potential load-bearing bone substitutes. 26434527 3 16 theme nanoparticles 500:512 arg1 dispersion 483:492 The uniform dispersion 471:492 The uniform dispersion of HA nanoparticles 471:512 The uniform dispersion of HA nanoparticles had prominent effect on improving the mechanical properties of the agar/HA nanocomposites (the highest elastic modulus: 1104.42 MPa; the highest compressive strength: 400.039 MPa), which proved to be potential load-bearing bone substitutes. 26434527 2 17 theme inorganic 309:317 arg1 nanoparticles 319:331 the spherical inorganic nanoparticles 295:331 the spherical inorganic nanoparticles of approximately 50 nm 295:354 Observation via SEM and TEM revealed that the spherical inorganic nanoparticles of approximately 50 nm were well dispersed in the organic matrix, and the crystallographic area combined closely with the amorphous area. 26434527 1 18 theme novel 217:221 arg1 method 245:250 a novel in situ precipitation method 215:250 a novel in situ precipitation method 215:250 Agarose/hydroxyapatite (agar/HA) nanocomposites for load-bearing bone substitutes were successfully fabricated via a novel in situ precipitation method. 26434527 3 19 dep modulus 625:631 arg1 MPa 642:644 1104.42 MPa 634:644 the highest elastic modulus: 1104.42 MPa; the highest compressive strength: 400.039 MPa 605:691 The uniform dispersion of HA nanoparticles had prominent effect on improving the mechanical properties of the agar/HA nanocomposites (the highest elastic modulus: 1104.42 MPa; the highest compressive strength: 400.039 MPa), which proved to be potential load-bearing bone substitutes. 26434527 6 20 theme cell 1011:1014 arg1 proliferation 1016:1028 cell proliferation 1011:1028 cell proliferation 1011:1028 The results of cell proliferation and cell differentiation indicated that the cells cultured on the agar/HA composite disks significantly increased the alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition. 26434527 7 21 theme structural 1206:1215 arg1 role 1217:1220 The structural role 1202:1220 The structural role of agarose in the composite system 1202:1255 The structural role of agarose in the composite system was investigated to better understand the effect of biopolymer on structure and properties of the composites. 26434527 2 22 theme spherical 299:307 arg1 nanoparticles 319:331 the spherical inorganic nanoparticles 295:331 the spherical inorganic nanoparticles of approximately 50 nm 295:354 Observation via SEM and TEM revealed that the spherical inorganic nanoparticles of approximately 50 nm were well dispersed in the organic matrix, and the crystallographic area combined closely with the amorphous area. 26434527 3 23 theme uniform 475:481 arg1 dispersion 483:492 The uniform dispersion 471:492 The uniform dispersion of HA nanoparticles 471:512 The uniform dispersion of HA nanoparticles had prominent effect on improving the mechanical properties of the agar/HA nanocomposites (the highest elastic modulus: 1104.42 MPa; the highest compressive strength: 400.039 MPa), which proved to be potential load-bearing bone substitutes. 26434527 0 24 theme detailed 2:9 arg1 study 11:15 A detailed study 0:15 A detailed study of homogeneous agarose/hydroxyapatite 0:53 A detailed study of homogeneous agarose/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites for load-bearing bone tissue. 26434527 5 25 from cells 850:854 arg1 disks 873:877 the composite disks 859:877 the composite disks 859:877 The MG63 osteoblast-like cells on the composite disks displayed fusiform and polygonal morphology in the presence of HA, suggesting that the cell maturation was promoted. 26434527 1 26 theme Agarose/hydroxyapatite 100:121 arg1 nanocomposites 133:146 Agarose/hydroxyapatite (agar/HA) nanocomposites 100:146 Agarose/hydroxyapatite (agar/HA) nanocomposites for load-bearing bone substitutes 100:180 Agarose/hydroxyapatite (agar/HA) nanocomposites for load-bearing bone substitutes were successfully fabricated via a novel in situ precipitation method. 26434527 6 27 theme composite 1104:1112 arg1 disks 1114:1118 the agar/HA composite disks 1092:1118 the agar/HA composite disks 1092:1118 The results of cell proliferation and cell differentiation indicated that the cells cultured on the agar/HA composite disks significantly increased the alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition. 26434527 2 28 theme crystallographic 407:422 arg1 area 424:427 the crystallographic area 403:427 the crystallographic area 403:427 Observation via SEM and TEM revealed that the spherical inorganic nanoparticles of approximately 50 nm were well dispersed in the organic matrix, and the crystallographic area combined closely with the amorphous area. 26434527 2 29 theme nm 353:354 arg1 nanoparticles 319:331 the spherical inorganic nanoparticles 295:331 the spherical inorganic nanoparticles of approximately 50 nm 295:354 Observation via SEM and TEM revealed that the spherical inorganic nanoparticles of approximately 50 nm were well dispersed in the organic matrix, and the crystallographic area combined closely with the amorphous area. 26434527 4 30 theme nanocomposites 792:805 arg1 stability 767:775 The thermal stability 755:775 The thermal stability of agarose and nanocomposites 755:805 The thermal stability of agarose and nanocomposites was also studied. 26434527 1 31 theme in 223:224 arg1 method 245:250 a novel in situ precipitation method 215:250 a novel in situ precipitation method 215:250 Agarose/hydroxyapatite (agar/HA) nanocomposites for load-bearing bone substitutes were successfully fabricated via a novel in situ precipitation method. 26434527 4 32 theme thermal 759:765 arg1 stability 767:775 The thermal stability 755:775 The thermal stability of agarose and nanocomposites 755:805 The thermal stability of agarose and nanocomposites was also studied. 26434527 4 33 theme agarose 780:786 arg1 stability 767:775 The thermal stability 755:775 The thermal stability of agarose and nanocomposites 755:805 The thermal stability of agarose and nanocomposites was also studied. 26434527 3 34 theme HA 497:498 arg1 nanoparticles 500:512 HA nanoparticles 497:512 HA nanoparticles 497:512 The uniform dispersion of HA nanoparticles had prominent effect on improving the mechanical properties of the agar/HA nanocomposites (the highest elastic modulus: 1104.42 MPa; the highest compressive strength: 400.039 MPa), which proved to be potential load-bearing bone substitutes. 26434527 3 35 theme elastic 617:623 arg1 modulus 625:631 the highest elastic modulus 605:631 the highest elastic modulus: 1104.42 MPa; the highest compressive strength: 400.039 MPa 605:691 The uniform dispersion of HA nanoparticles had prominent effect on improving the mechanical properties of the agar/HA nanocomposites (the highest elastic modulus: 1104.42 MPa; the highest compressive strength: 400.039 MPa), which proved to be potential load-bearing bone substitutes. 26434527 8 36 theme comprehensive 1411:1423 arg1 synergy 1425:1431 a comprehensive synergy 1409:1431 a comprehensive synergy of the components 1409:1449 The optimal properties were the result of a comprehensive synergy of the components. 26434527 5 37 theme HA 942:943 arg1 presence 930:937 the presence 926:937 the presence of HA 926:943 The MG63 osteoblast-like cells on the composite disks displayed fusiform and polygonal morphology in the presence of HA, suggesting that the cell maturation was promoted. 26434527 1 38 theme precipitation 231:243 arg1 method 245:250 a novel in situ precipitation method 215:250 a novel in situ precipitation method 215:250 Agarose/hydroxyapatite (agar/HA) nanocomposites for load-bearing bone substitutes were successfully fabricated via a novel in situ precipitation method. 26434527 0 39 theme agarose/hydroxyapatite 32:53 arg1 study 11:15 A detailed study 0:15 A detailed study of homogeneous agarose/hydroxyapatite 0:53 A detailed study of homogeneous agarose/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites for load-bearing bone tissue. 26434527 7 40 theme composites 1355:1364 arg1 properties 1337:1346 properties 1337:1346 properties 1337:1346 The structural role of agarose in the composite system was investigated to better understand the effect of biopolymer on structure and properties of the composites. 26434527 7 40 theme composites 1355:1364 arg1 structure 1323:1331 structure 1323:1331 structure 1323:1331 The structural role of agarose in the composite system was investigated to better understand the effect of biopolymer on structure and properties of the composites. 26434527 7 41 theme biopolymer 1309:1318 arg1 effect 1299:1304 the effect 1295:1304 the effect of biopolymer on structure and properties of the composites 1295:1364 The structural role of agarose in the composite system was investigated to better understand the effect of biopolymer on structure and properties of the composites. 26434527 3 42 dep MPa 642:644 arg1 strength 671:678 the highest compressive strength 647:678 the highest elastic modulus: 1104.42 MPa; the highest compressive strength: 400.039 MPa 605:691 The uniform dispersion of HA nanoparticles had prominent effect on improving the mechanical properties of the agar/HA nanocomposites (the highest elastic modulus: 1104.42 MPa; the highest compressive strength: 400.039 MPa), which proved to be potential load-bearing bone substitutes. 26434527 3 42 dep MPa 642:644 arg1 MPa 689:691 400.039 MPa 681:691 the highest elastic modulus: 1104.42 MPa; the highest compressive strength: 400.039 MPa 605:691 The uniform dispersion of HA nanoparticles had prominent effect on improving the mechanical properties of the agar/HA nanocomposites (the highest elastic modulus: 1104.42 MPa; the highest compressive strength: 400.039 MPa), which proved to be potential load-bearing bone substitutes. 26434527 0 43 theme homogeneous 20:30 arg1 agarose/hydroxyapatite 32:53 homogeneous agarose/hydroxyapatite 20:53 homogeneous agarose/hydroxyapatite 20:53 A detailed study of homogeneous agarose/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites for load-bearing bone tissue. 26434527 3 44 dep bone 737:740 arg1 substitutes 742:752 substitutes 742:752 substitutes 742:752 The uniform dispersion of HA nanoparticles had prominent effect on improving the mechanical properties of the agar/HA nanocomposites (the highest elastic modulus: 1104.42 MPa; the highest compressive strength: 400.039 MPa), which proved to be potential load-bearing bone substitutes. 26434527 1 45 dep in 223:224 arg1 situ 226:229 situ 226:229 situ 226:229 Agarose/hydroxyapatite (agar/HA) nanocomposites for load-bearing bone substitutes were successfully fabricated via a novel in situ precipitation method. 26434527 5 46 theme fusiform 889:896 arg1 morphology 912:921 fusiform and polygonal morphology 889:921 fusiform and polygonal morphology 889:921 The MG63 osteoblast-like cells on the composite disks displayed fusiform and polygonal morphology in the presence of HA, suggesting that the cell maturation was promoted. 26434527 6 47 theme phosphatase 1157:1167 arg1 activity 1169:1176 the alkaline phosphatase activity 1144:1176 the alkaline phosphatase activity 1144:1176 The results of cell proliferation and cell differentiation indicated that the cells cultured on the agar/HA composite disks significantly increased the alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition. 26434527 5 48 theme MG63 829:832 arg1 cells 850:854 The MG63 osteoblast-like cells 825:854 The MG63 osteoblast-like cells on the composite disks 825:877 The MG63 osteoblast-like cells on the composite disks displayed fusiform and polygonal morphology in the presence of HA, suggesting that the cell maturation was promoted. 26434527 6 49 theme agar/HA 1096:1102 arg1 disks 1114:1118 the agar/HA composite disks 1092:1118 the agar/HA composite disks 1092:1118 The results of cell proliferation and cell differentiation indicated that the cells cultured on the agar/HA composite disks significantly increased the alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition. 26434527 3 50 dep had 514:516 arg1 proved 701:706 proved 701:706 proved to be potential load-bearing bone substitutes 701:752 The uniform dispersion of HA nanoparticles had prominent effect on improving the mechanical properties of the agar/HA nanocomposites (the highest elastic modulus: 1104.42 MPa; the highest compressive strength: 400.039 MPa), which proved to be potential load-bearing bone substitutes. 26434527 6 51 theme calcium 1182:1188 arg1 deposition 1190:1199 calcium deposition 1182:1199 calcium deposition 1182:1199 The results of cell proliferation and cell differentiation indicated that the cells cultured on the agar/HA composite disks significantly increased the alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition. 26434527 3 52 theme highest 651:657 arg1 strength 671:678 the highest compressive strength 647:678 the highest elastic modulus: 1104.42 MPa; the highest compressive strength: 400.039 MPa 605:691 The uniform dispersion of HA nanoparticles had prominent effect on improving the mechanical properties of the agar/HA nanocomposites (the highest elastic modulus: 1104.42 MPa; the highest compressive strength: 400.039 MPa), which proved to be potential load-bearing bone substitutes. 26434527 1 53 theme load-bearing 152:163 arg1 bone 165:168 load-bearing bone substitutes 152:180 load-bearing bone substitutes 152:180 Agarose/hydroxyapatite (agar/HA) nanocomposites for load-bearing bone substitutes were successfully fabricated via a novel in situ precipitation method. 26434527 8 54 theme components 1440:1449 arg1 synergy 1425:1431 a comprehensive synergy 1409:1431 a comprehensive synergy of the components 1409:1449 The optimal properties were the result of a comprehensive synergy of the components. 26434527 3 55 theme compressive 659:669 arg1 strength 671:678 the highest compressive strength 647:678 the highest elastic modulus: 1104.42 MPa; the highest compressive strength: 400.039 MPa 605:691 The uniform dispersion of HA nanoparticles had prominent effect on improving the mechanical properties of the agar/HA nanocomposites (the highest elastic modulus: 1104.42 MPa; the highest compressive strength: 400.039 MPa), which proved to be potential load-bearing bone substitutes. 26434527 3 56 theme prominent 518:526 arg1 effect 528:533 prominent effect 518:533 prominent effect 518:533 The uniform dispersion of HA nanoparticles had prominent effect on improving the mechanical properties of the agar/HA nanocomposites (the highest elastic modulus: 1104.42 MPa; the highest compressive strength: 400.039 MPa), which proved to be potential load-bearing bone substitutes. 26434527 8 57 theme synergy 1425:1431 arg1 properties 1379:1388 The optimal properties 1367:1388 The optimal properties 1367:1388 The optimal properties were the result of a comprehensive synergy of the components. 26434527 8 57 theme synergy 1425:1431 arg1 result 1399:1404 the result 1395:1404 the result of a comprehensive synergy of the components 1395:1449 The optimal properties were the result of a comprehensive synergy of the components. 26434527 0 58 theme bone 87:90 arg1 tissue 92:97 load-bearing bone tissue 74:97 load-bearing bone tissue 74:97 A detailed study of homogeneous agarose/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites for load-bearing bone tissue. 26434527 6 59 theme alkaline 1148:1155 arg1 phosphatase 1157:1167 the alkaline phosphatase 1144:1167 the alkaline phosphatase activity 1144:1176 The results of cell proliferation and cell differentiation indicated that the cells cultured on the agar/HA composite disks significantly increased the alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition. 26434527 2 60 theme amorphous 455:463 arg1 area 465:468 the amorphous area 451:468 the amorphous area 451:468 Observation via SEM and TEM revealed that the spherical inorganic nanoparticles of approximately 50 nm were well dispersed in the organic matrix, and the crystallographic area combined closely with the amorphous area. 26434527 3 61 theme mechanical 552:561 arg1 properties 563:572 the mechanical properties 548:572 the mechanical properties of the agar/HA nanocomposites (the highest elastic modulus: 1104.42 MPa; the highest compressive strength: 400.039 MPa) 548:692 The uniform dispersion of HA nanoparticles had prominent effect on improving the mechanical properties of the agar/HA nanocomposites (the highest elastic modulus: 1104.42 MPa; the highest compressive strength: 400.039 MPa), which proved to be potential load-bearing bone substitutes. 26434527 5 62 theme polygonal 902:910 arg1 morphology 912:921 fusiform and polygonal morphology 889:921 fusiform and polygonal morphology 889:921 The MG63 osteoblast-like cells on the composite disks displayed fusiform and polygonal morphology in the presence of HA, suggesting that the cell maturation was promoted. 26434527 0 63 theme load-bearing 74:85 arg1 tissue 92:97 load-bearing bone tissue 74:97 load-bearing bone tissue 74:97 A detailed study of homogeneous agarose/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites for load-bearing bone tissue. 26434527 3 64 theme potential 714:722 arg1 bone 737:740 potential load-bearing bone substitutes 714:752 potential load-bearing bone substitutes 714:752 The uniform dispersion of HA nanoparticles had prominent effect on improving the mechanical properties of the agar/HA nanocomposites (the highest elastic modulus: 1104.42 MPa; the highest compressive strength: 400.039 MPa), which proved to be potential load-bearing bone substitutes. 26434527 7 65 theme agarose 1225:1231 arg1 role 1217:1220 The structural role 1202:1220 The structural role of agarose in the composite system 1202:1255 The structural role of agarose in the composite system was investigated to better understand the effect of biopolymer on structure and properties of the composites. 26434527 5 66 theme osteoblast-like 834:848 arg1 cells 850:854 The MG63 osteoblast-like cells 825:854 The MG63 osteoblast-like cells on the composite disks 825:877 The MG63 osteoblast-like cells on the composite disks displayed fusiform and polygonal morphology in the presence of HA, suggesting that the cell maturation was promoted. 26434527 6 67 theme differentiation 1039:1053 arg1 results 1000:1006 The results 996:1006 The results of cell proliferation and cell differentiation 996:1053 The results of cell proliferation and cell differentiation indicated that the cells cultured on the agar/HA composite disks significantly increased the alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition. 24507319 4 0 theme drought 914:920 arg1 tolerance 922:930 its drought tolerance 910:930 its drought tolerance 910:930 However, while the content of AX content was generally increased by all stresses, drought stress had negative effect on the AX content of the drought tolerant Plainsman V. Fatima 2 behaved similarly to Plainsman V as regards to its drought tolerance, but was very sensitive to heat stress, while Mv Magma was the most resistant to heat stress. 24507319 1 1 theme heat 127:130 arg1 effects 116:122 The effects 112:122 The effects of heat (H), drought (D) and H+D (from 12th day after heading for 15 days) on the dietary fiber content and composition (arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan) of three winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V, Mv Magma and Fatima 2) 112:344 The effects of heat (H), drought (D) and H+D (from 12th day after heading for 15 days) on the dietary fiber content and composition (arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan) of three winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V, Mv Magma and Fatima 2) were determined. 24507319 3 2 theme AX 678:679 arg1 extractability 651:664 the water extractability 641:664 the water extractability (WE) of the AX 641:679 The highest amounts of AX and proteins were in the H+D stressed samples with heat stress also increasing the water extractability (WE) of the AX. 24507319 1 3 dep varieties 299:307 arg1 varieties 299:307 three winter wheat varieties 280:307 three winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V, Mv Magma and Fatima 2) 280:344 The effects of heat (H), drought (D) and H+D (from 12th day after heading for 15 days) on the dietary fiber content and composition (arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan) of three winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V, Mv Magma and Fatima 2) were determined. 24507319 1 3 dep varieties 299:307 arg1 Plainsman 310:318 Plainsman 310:318 Plainsman 310:318 The effects of heat (H), drought (D) and H+D (from 12th day after heading for 15 days) on the dietary fiber content and composition (arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan) of three winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V, Mv Magma and Fatima 2) were determined. 24507319 1 3 dep varieties 299:307 arg1 Fatima 336:341 Fatima 336:341 Fatima 336:341 The effects of heat (H), drought (D) and H+D (from 12th day after heading for 15 days) on the dietary fiber content and composition (arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan) of three winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V, Mv Magma and Fatima 2) were determined. 24507319 1 3 dep varieties 299:307 arg1 Magma 326:330 Mv Magma 323:330 Mv Magma 323:330 The effects of heat (H), drought (D) and H+D (from 12th day after heading for 15 days) on the dietary fiber content and composition (arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan) of three winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V, Mv Magma and Fatima 2) were determined. 24507319 2 4 theme units 484:488 arg1 TKW 412:414 the TKW 408:414 the TKW 408:414 Results showed that H and D stress decreased the TKW, the β-glucan contents of the seeds and the quantity of the DP3+DP4 units, while the protein and AX contents increased. 24507319 2 4 theme units 484:488 arg1 contents 430:437 the β-glucan contents 417:437 the β-glucan contents of the seeds 417:450 Results showed that H and D stress decreased the TKW, the β-glucan contents of the seeds and the quantity of the DP3+DP4 units, while the protein and AX contents increased. 24507319 2 4 theme units 484:488 arg1 quantity 460:467 the quantity 456:467 the quantity of the DP3+DP4 units 456:488 Results showed that H and D stress decreased the TKW, the β-glucan contents of the seeds and the quantity of the DP3+DP4 units, while the protein and AX contents increased. 24507319 2 5 theme H 383:383 arg1 stress 391:396 H and D stress 383:396 H and D stress 383:396 Results showed that H and D stress decreased the TKW, the β-glucan contents of the seeds and the quantity of the DP3+DP4 units, while the protein and AX contents increased. 24507319 0 6 from Effect 0:5 arg1 composition 55:65 composition 55:65 composition 55:65 Effect of heat and drought stress on the structure and composition of arabinoxylan and β-glucan in wheat grain. 24507319 0 6 from Effect 0:5 arg1 structure 41:49 structure 41:49 structure 41:49 Effect of heat and drought stress on the structure and composition of arabinoxylan and β-glucan in wheat grain. 24507319 2 7 theme DP3+DP4 476:482 arg1 units 484:488 the DP3+DP4 units 472:488 the DP3+DP4 units 472:488 Results showed that H and D stress decreased the TKW, the β-glucan contents of the seeds and the quantity of the DP3+DP4 units, while the protein and AX contents increased. 24507319 0 8 theme arabinoxylan 70:81 arg1 composition 55:65 composition 55:65 composition 55:65 Effect of heat and drought stress on the structure and composition of arabinoxylan and β-glucan in wheat grain. 24507319 0 8 theme arabinoxylan 70:81 arg1 structure 41:49 structure 41:49 structure 41:49 Effect of heat and drought stress on the structure and composition of arabinoxylan and β-glucan in wheat grain. 24507319 3 9 theme highest 540:546 arg1 proteins 566:573 proteins 566:573 proteins 566:573 The highest amounts of AX and proteins were in the H+D stressed samples with heat stress also increasing the water extractability (WE) of the AX. 24507319 3 9 theme highest 540:546 arg1 AX 559:560 AX 559:560 AX 559:560 The highest amounts of AX and proteins were in the H+D stressed samples with heat stress also increasing the water extractability (WE) of the AX. 24507319 3 9 theme highest 540:546 arg1 amounts 548:554 The highest amounts 536:554 The highest amounts of AX and proteins 536:573 The highest amounts of AX and proteins were in the H+D stressed samples with heat stress also increasing the water extractability (WE) of the AX. 24507319 2 10 theme β-glucan 421:428 arg1 contents 430:437 the β-glucan contents 417:437 the β-glucan contents of the seeds 417:450 Results showed that H and D stress decreased the TKW, the β-glucan contents of the seeds and the quantity of the DP3+DP4 units, while the protein and AX contents increased. 24507319 1 11 from effects 116:122 arg1 composition 232:242 composition 232:242 composition 232:242 The effects of heat (H), drought (D) and H+D (from 12th day after heading for 15 days) on the dietary fiber content and composition (arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan) of three winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V, Mv Magma and Fatima 2) were determined. 24507319 1 11 from effects 116:122 arg1 day 168:170 12th day 163:170 12th day after heading for 15 days 163:196 The effects of heat (H), drought (D) and H+D (from 12th day after heading for 15 days) on the dietary fiber content and composition (arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan) of three winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V, Mv Magma and Fatima 2) were determined. 24507319 1 11 from effects 116:122 arg1 content 220:226 dietary fiber content 206:226 dietary fiber content 206:226 The effects of heat (H), drought (D) and H+D (from 12th day after heading for 15 days) on the dietary fiber content and composition (arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan) of three winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V, Mv Magma and Fatima 2) were determined. 24507319 1 12 dep content 220:226 arg1 β-glucan 267:274 β-glucan 267:274 β-glucan 267:274 The effects of heat (H), drought (D) and H+D (from 12th day after heading for 15 days) on the dietary fiber content and composition (arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan) of three winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V, Mv Magma and Fatima 2) were determined. 24507319 1 12 dep content 220:226 arg1 arabinoxylan 245:256 arabinoxylan 245:256 arabinoxylan (AX) 245:261 The effects of heat (H), drought (D) and H+D (from 12th day after heading for 15 days) on the dietary fiber content and composition (arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan) of three winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V, Mv Magma and Fatima 2) were determined. 24507319 1 12 dep content 220:226 arg1 the 202:204 the 202:204 the 202:204 The effects of heat (H), drought (D) and H+D (from 12th day after heading for 15 days) on the dietary fiber content and composition (arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan) of three winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V, Mv Magma and Fatima 2) were determined. 24507319 1 13 theme Mv 323:324 arg1 varieties 299:307 three winter wheat varieties 280:307 three winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V, Mv Magma and Fatima 2) 280:344 The effects of heat (H), drought (D) and H+D (from 12th day after heading for 15 days) on the dietary fiber content and composition (arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan) of three winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V, Mv Magma and Fatima 2) were determined. 24507319 1 13 theme Mv 323:324 arg1 Magma 326:330 Mv Magma 323:330 Mv Magma 323:330 The effects of heat (H), drought (D) and H+D (from 12th day after heading for 15 days) on the dietary fiber content and composition (arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan) of three winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V, Mv Magma and Fatima 2) were determined. 24507319 4 14 theme Plainsman 884:892 arg1 V 894:894 Plainsman V 884:894 Plainsman V 884:894 However, while the content of AX content was generally increased by all stresses, drought stress had negative effect on the AX content of the drought tolerant Plainsman V. Fatima 2 behaved similarly to Plainsman V as regards to its drought tolerance, but was very sensitive to heat stress, while Mv Magma was the most resistant to heat stress. 24507319 0 15 theme β-glucan 87:94 arg1 composition 55:65 composition 55:65 composition 55:65 Effect of heat and drought stress on the structure and composition of arabinoxylan and β-glucan in wheat grain. 24507319 0 15 theme β-glucan 87:94 arg1 structure 41:49 structure 41:49 structure 41:49 Effect of heat and drought stress on the structure and composition of arabinoxylan and β-glucan in wheat grain. 24507319 2 16 theme protein 501:507 arg1 contents 516:523 the protein and AX contents 497:523 contents 516:523 Results showed that H and D stress decreased the TKW, the β-glucan contents of the seeds and the quantity of the DP3+DP4 units, while the protein and AX contents increased. 24507319 4 17 theme AX 712:713 arg1 content 715:721 AX content 712:721 AX content 712:721 However, while the content of AX content was generally increased by all stresses, drought stress had negative effect on the AX content of the drought tolerant Plainsman V. Fatima 2 behaved similarly to Plainsman V as regards to its drought tolerance, but was very sensitive to heat stress, while Mv Magma was the most resistant to heat stress. 24507319 2 18 theme D 389:389 arg1 stress 391:396 H and D stress 383:396 H and D stress 383:396 Results showed that H and D stress decreased the TKW, the β-glucan contents of the seeds and the quantity of the DP3+DP4 units, while the protein and AX contents increased. 24507319 2 19 theme seeds 446:450 arg1 TKW 412:414 the TKW 408:414 the TKW 408:414 Results showed that H and D stress decreased the TKW, the β-glucan contents of the seeds and the quantity of the DP3+DP4 units, while the protein and AX contents increased. 24507319 2 19 theme seeds 446:450 arg1 contents 430:437 the β-glucan contents 417:437 the β-glucan contents of the seeds 417:450 Results showed that H and D stress decreased the TKW, the β-glucan contents of the seeds and the quantity of the DP3+DP4 units, while the protein and AX contents increased. 24507319 2 19 theme seeds 446:450 arg1 quantity 460:467 the quantity 456:467 the quantity of the DP3+DP4 units 456:488 Results showed that H and D stress decreased the TKW, the β-glucan contents of the seeds and the quantity of the DP3+DP4 units, while the protein and AX contents increased. 24507319 1 20 theme drought 137:143 arg1 effects 116:122 The effects 112:122 The effects of heat (H), drought (D) and H+D (from 12th day after heading for 15 days) on the dietary fiber content and composition (arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan) of three winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V, Mv Magma and Fatima 2) 112:344 The effects of heat (H), drought (D) and H+D (from 12th day after heading for 15 days) on the dietary fiber content and composition (arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan) of three winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V, Mv Magma and Fatima 2) were determined. 24507319 4 21 theme AX 806:807 arg1 content 809:815 the AX content 802:815 the AX content of the drought tolerant Plainsman V. Fatima 2 behaved similarly to Plainsman V as regards to its drought tolerance 802:930 However, while the content of AX content was generally increased by all stresses, drought stress had negative effect on the AX content of the drought tolerant Plainsman V. Fatima 2 behaved similarly to Plainsman V as regards to its drought tolerance, but was very sensitive to heat stress, while Mv Magma was the most resistant to heat stress. 24507319 1 22 dep arabinoxylan 245:256 arg1 AX 259:260 AX 259:260 AX 259:260 The effects of heat (H), drought (D) and H+D (from 12th day after heading for 15 days) on the dietary fiber content and composition (arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan) of three winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V, Mv Magma and Fatima 2) were determined. 24507319 4 23 theme Mv 978:979 arg1 resistant 1000:1008 resistant 1000:1008 resistant 1000:1008 However, while the content of AX content was generally increased by all stresses, drought stress had negative effect on the AX content of the drought tolerant Plainsman V. Fatima 2 behaved similarly to Plainsman V as regards to its drought tolerance, but was very sensitive to heat stress, while Mv Magma was the most resistant to heat stress. 24507319 4 23 theme Mv 978:979 arg1 Magma 981:985 Mv Magma 978:985 Mv Magma 978:985 However, while the content of AX content was generally increased by all stresses, drought stress had negative effect on the AX content of the drought tolerant Plainsman V. Fatima 2 behaved similarly to Plainsman V as regards to its drought tolerance, but was very sensitive to heat stress, while Mv Magma was the most resistant to heat stress. 24507319 4 24 contain had 779:781 arg1 stress 772:777 drought stress 764:777 drought stress 764:777 However, while the content of AX content was generally increased by all stresses, drought stress had negative effect on the AX content of the drought tolerant Plainsman V. Fatima 2 behaved similarly to Plainsman V as regards to its drought tolerance, but was very sensitive to heat stress, while Mv Magma was the most resistant to heat stress. 24507319 4 24 contain had 779:781 arg2 effect 792:797 negative effect 783:797 negative effect 783:797 However, while the content of AX content was generally increased by all stresses, drought stress had negative effect on the AX content of the drought tolerant Plainsman V. Fatima 2 behaved similarly to Plainsman V as regards to its drought tolerance, but was very sensitive to heat stress, while Mv Magma was the most resistant to heat stress. 24507319 0 25 theme heat 10:13 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of heat and drought stress on the structure and composition of arabinoxylan and β-glucan in wheat grain. 0:110 Effect of heat and drought stress on the structure and composition of arabinoxylan and β-glucan in wheat grain. 24507319 0 26 theme wheat 99:103 arg1 grain 105:109 wheat grain 99:109 wheat grain 99:109 Effect of heat and drought stress on the structure and composition of arabinoxylan and β-glucan in wheat grain. 24507319 4 27 theme heat 1013:1016 arg1 stress 1018:1023 heat stress 1013:1023 heat stress 1013:1023 However, while the content of AX content was generally increased by all stresses, drought stress had negative effect on the AX content of the drought tolerant Plainsman V. Fatima 2 behaved similarly to Plainsman V as regards to its drought tolerance, but was very sensitive to heat stress, while Mv Magma was the most resistant to heat stress. 24507319 0 28 dep structure 41:49 arg1 the 37:39 the 37:39 the 37:39 Effect of heat and drought stress on the structure and composition of arabinoxylan and β-glucan in wheat grain. 24507319 0 29 theme stress 27:32 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of heat and drought stress on the structure and composition of arabinoxylan and β-glucan in wheat grain. 0:110 Effect of heat and drought stress on the structure and composition of arabinoxylan and β-glucan in wheat grain. 24507319 3 30 theme AX 559:560 arg1 proteins 566:573 proteins 566:573 proteins 566:573 The highest amounts of AX and proteins were in the H+D stressed samples with heat stress also increasing the water extractability (WE) of the AX. 24507319 3 30 theme AX 559:560 arg1 AX 559:560 AX 559:560 AX 559:560 The highest amounts of AX and proteins were in the H+D stressed samples with heat stress also increasing the water extractability (WE) of the AX. 24507319 3 30 theme AX 559:560 arg1 amounts 548:554 The highest amounts 536:554 The highest amounts of AX and proteins 536:573 The highest amounts of AX and proteins were in the H+D stressed samples with heat stress also increasing the water extractability (WE) of the AX. 24507319 1 31 from day 168:170 arg1 H+D 153:155 H+D 153:155 H+D (from 12th day after heading for 15 days) 153:197 The effects of heat (H), drought (D) and H+D (from 12th day after heading for 15 days) on the dietary fiber content and composition (arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan) of three winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V, Mv Magma and Fatima 2) were determined. 24507319 1 31 from day 168:170 arg1 drought 137:143 drought 137:143 drought (D) 137:147 The effects of heat (H), drought (D) and H+D (from 12th day after heading for 15 days) on the dietary fiber content and composition (arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan) of three winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V, Mv Magma and Fatima 2) were determined. 24507319 1 31 from day 168:170 arg1 effects 116:122 The effects 112:122 The effects of heat (H), drought (D) and H+D (from 12th day after heading for 15 days) on the dietary fiber content and composition (arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan) of three winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V, Mv Magma and Fatima 2) 112:344 The effects of heat (H), drought (D) and H+D (from 12th day after heading for 15 days) on the dietary fiber content and composition (arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan) of three winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V, Mv Magma and Fatima 2) were determined. 24507319 1 31 from day 168:170 arg1 heat 127:130 heat 127:130 heat (H) 127:134 The effects of heat (H), drought (D) and H+D (from 12th day after heading for 15 days) on the dietary fiber content and composition (arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan) of three winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V, Mv Magma and Fatima 2) were determined. 24507319 1 31 from day 168:170 arg1 D 146:146 D 146:146 D 146:146 The effects of heat (H), drought (D) and H+D (from 12th day after heading for 15 days) on the dietary fiber content and composition (arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan) of three winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V, Mv Magma and Fatima 2) were determined. 24507319 1 31 from day 168:170 arg1 H 133:133 H 133:133 H 133:133 The effects of heat (H), drought (D) and H+D (from 12th day after heading for 15 days) on the dietary fiber content and composition (arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan) of three winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V, Mv Magma and Fatima 2) were determined. 24507319 0 32 from composition 55:65 arg1 grain 105:109 wheat grain 99:109 wheat grain 99:109 Effect of heat and drought stress on the structure and composition of arabinoxylan and β-glucan in wheat grain. 24507319 0 33 theme drought 19:25 arg1 stress 27:32 drought stress 19:32 drought stress 19:32 Effect of heat and drought stress on the structure and composition of arabinoxylan and β-glucan in wheat grain. 24507319 4 34 theme drought 764:770 arg1 stress 772:777 drought stress 764:777 drought stress 764:777 However, while the content of AX content was generally increased by all stresses, drought stress had negative effect on the AX content of the drought tolerant Plainsman V. Fatima 2 behaved similarly to Plainsman V as regards to its drought tolerance, but was very sensitive to heat stress, while Mv Magma was the most resistant to heat stress. 24507319 4 35 theme Fatima 854:859 arg1 content 809:815 the AX content 802:815 the AX content of the drought tolerant Plainsman V. Fatima 2 behaved similarly to Plainsman V as regards to its drought tolerance 802:930 However, while the content of AX content was generally increased by all stresses, drought stress had negative effect on the AX content of the drought tolerant Plainsman V. Fatima 2 behaved similarly to Plainsman V as regards to its drought tolerance, but was very sensitive to heat stress, while Mv Magma was the most resistant to heat stress. 24507319 4 36 theme negative 783:790 arg1 effect 792:797 negative effect 783:797 negative effect 783:797 However, while the content of AX content was generally increased by all stresses, drought stress had negative effect on the AX content of the drought tolerant Plainsman V. Fatima 2 behaved similarly to Plainsman V as regards to its drought tolerance, but was very sensitive to heat stress, while Mv Magma was the most resistant to heat stress. 24507319 1 37 theme dietary 206:212 arg1 content 220:226 dietary fiber content 206:226 dietary fiber content 206:226 The effects of heat (H), drought (D) and H+D (from 12th day after heading for 15 days) on the dietary fiber content and composition (arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan) of three winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V, Mv Magma and Fatima 2) were determined. 24507319 0 38 from structure 41:49 arg1 grain 105:109 wheat grain 99:109 wheat grain 99:109 Effect of heat and drought stress on the structure and composition of arabinoxylan and β-glucan in wheat grain. 24507319 3 39 theme proteins 566:573 arg1 proteins 566:573 proteins 566:573 proteins 566:573 The highest amounts of AX and proteins were in the H+D stressed samples with heat stress also increasing the water extractability (WE) of the AX. 24507319 3 39 theme proteins 566:573 arg1 AX 559:560 AX 559:560 AX 559:560 The highest amounts of AX and proteins were in the H+D stressed samples with heat stress also increasing the water extractability (WE) of the AX. 24507319 3 39 theme proteins 566:573 arg1 amounts 548:554 The highest amounts 536:554 The highest amounts of AX and proteins 536:573 The highest amounts of AX and proteins were in the H+D stressed samples with heat stress also increasing the water extractability (WE) of the AX. 24507319 1 40 theme fiber 214:218 arg1 content 220:226 dietary fiber content 206:226 dietary fiber content 206:226 The effects of heat (H), drought (D) and H+D (from 12th day after heading for 15 days) on the dietary fiber content and composition (arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan) of three winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V, Mv Magma and Fatima 2) were determined. 24507319 1 41 theme winter 286:291 arg1 Fatima 336:341 Fatima 336:341 Fatima 336:341 The effects of heat (H), drought (D) and H+D (from 12th day after heading for 15 days) on the dietary fiber content and composition (arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan) of three winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V, Mv Magma and Fatima 2) were determined. 24507319 1 41 theme winter 286:291 arg1 Plainsman 310:318 Plainsman 310:318 Plainsman 310:318 The effects of heat (H), drought (D) and H+D (from 12th day after heading for 15 days) on the dietary fiber content and composition (arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan) of three winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V, Mv Magma and Fatima 2) were determined. 24507319 1 41 theme winter 286:291 arg1 varieties 299:307 three winter wheat varieties 280:307 three winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V, Mv Magma and Fatima 2) 280:344 The effects of heat (H), drought (D) and H+D (from 12th day after heading for 15 days) on the dietary fiber content and composition (arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan) of three winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V, Mv Magma and Fatima 2) were determined. 24507319 1 41 theme winter 286:291 arg1 Magma 326:330 Mv Magma 323:330 Mv Magma 323:330 The effects of heat (H), drought (D) and H+D (from 12th day after heading for 15 days) on the dietary fiber content and composition (arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan) of three winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V, Mv Magma and Fatima 2) were determined. 24507319 2 42 theme AX 513:514 arg1 contents 516:523 the protein and AX contents 497:523 contents 516:523 Results showed that H and D stress decreased the TKW, the β-glucan contents of the seeds and the quantity of the DP3+DP4 units, while the protein and AX contents increased. 24507319 4 43 theme heat 959:962 arg1 stress 964:969 heat stress 959:969 heat stress 959:969 However, while the content of AX content was generally increased by all stresses, drought stress had negative effect on the AX content of the drought tolerant Plainsman V. Fatima 2 behaved similarly to Plainsman V as regards to its drought tolerance, but was very sensitive to heat stress, while Mv Magma was the most resistant to heat stress. 24507319 1 44 theme wheat 293:297 arg1 Fatima 336:341 Fatima 336:341 Fatima 336:341 The effects of heat (H), drought (D) and H+D (from 12th day after heading for 15 days) on the dietary fiber content and composition (arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan) of three winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V, Mv Magma and Fatima 2) were determined. 24507319 1 44 theme wheat 293:297 arg1 Plainsman 310:318 Plainsman 310:318 Plainsman 310:318 The effects of heat (H), drought (D) and H+D (from 12th day after heading for 15 days) on the dietary fiber content and composition (arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan) of three winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V, Mv Magma and Fatima 2) were determined. 24507319 1 44 theme wheat 293:297 arg1 varieties 299:307 three winter wheat varieties 280:307 three winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V, Mv Magma and Fatima 2) 280:344 The effects of heat (H), drought (D) and H+D (from 12th day after heading for 15 days) on the dietary fiber content and composition (arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan) of three winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V, Mv Magma and Fatima 2) were determined. 24507319 1 44 theme wheat 293:297 arg1 Magma 326:330 Mv Magma 323:330 Mv Magma 323:330 The effects of heat (H), drought (D) and H+D (from 12th day after heading for 15 days) on the dietary fiber content and composition (arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan) of three winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V, Mv Magma and Fatima 2) were determined. 24507319 3 45 dep extractability 651:664 arg1 WE 667:668 WE 667:668 WE 667:668 The highest amounts of AX and proteins were in the H+D stressed samples with heat stress also increasing the water extractability (WE) of the AX. 24507319 1 46 theme H+D 153:155 arg1 effects 116:122 The effects 112:122 The effects of heat (H), drought (D) and H+D (from 12th day after heading for 15 days) on the dietary fiber content and composition (arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan) of three winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V, Mv Magma and Fatima 2) 112:344 The effects of heat (H), drought (D) and H+D (from 12th day after heading for 15 days) on the dietary fiber content and composition (arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan) of three winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V, Mv Magma and Fatima 2) were determined. 24507319 1 47 theme varieties 299:307 arg1 composition 232:242 composition 232:242 composition 232:242 The effects of heat (H), drought (D) and H+D (from 12th day after heading for 15 days) on the dietary fiber content and composition (arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan) of three winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V, Mv Magma and Fatima 2) were determined. 24507319 1 47 theme varieties 299:307 arg1 content 220:226 dietary fiber content 206:226 dietary fiber content 206:226 The effects of heat (H), drought (D) and H+D (from 12th day after heading for 15 days) on the dietary fiber content and composition (arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan) of three winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V, Mv Magma and Fatima 2) were determined. 24507319 4 48 theme content 715:721 arg1 content 701:707 the content 697:707 the content of AX content 697:721 However, while the content of AX content was generally increased by all stresses, drought stress had negative effect on the AX content of the drought tolerant Plainsman V. Fatima 2 behaved similarly to Plainsman V as regards to its drought tolerance, but was very sensitive to heat stress, while Mv Magma was the most resistant to heat stress. 24507319 3 49 theme water 645:649 arg1 extractability 651:664 the water extractability 641:664 the water extractability (WE) of the AX 641:679 The highest amounts of AX and proteins were in the H+D stressed samples with heat stress also increasing the water extractability (WE) of the AX. 24507319 3 50 theme heat 613:616 arg1 stress 618:623 heat stress 613:623 heat stress 613:623 The highest amounts of AX and proteins were in the H+D stressed samples with heat stress also increasing the water extractability (WE) of the AX. 24507319 3 51 theme stressed 591:598 arg1 samples 600:606 the H+D stressed samples 583:606 the H+D stressed samples 583:606 The highest amounts of AX and proteins were in the H+D stressed samples with heat stress also increasing the water extractability (WE) of the AX. 24507319 1 52 theme 12th 163:166 arg1 day 168:170 12th day 163:170 12th day after heading for 15 days 163:196 The effects of heat (H), drought (D) and H+D (from 12th day after heading for 15 days) on the dietary fiber content and composition (arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan) of three winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V, Mv Magma and Fatima 2) were determined. 28120511 6 0 theme a 922:922 arg1 distributions 937:949 a uniform pore distributions 922:949 a uniform pore distributions 922:949 For the structure, we adopted a three-dimensional (3D) printing technology to fabricate a scaffold with a uniform pore distributions. 28120511 13 1 theme collagen 2172:2179 arg1 properties 2158:2167 the mechanical properties 2143:2167 the mechanical properties of collagen 2143:2179 These data suggested that a collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold fabricated by a 3D bioprinter could enhance the mechanical properties of collagen and provide continuous guidance channels for axons, which would improve the neurological function after SCI. 28120511 2 2 theme supportive 353:362 arg1 substrates 364:373 supportive substrates 353:373 supportive substrates for guiding neurons and overcoming the physical and chemical barriers to healing that arise after SCI 353:475 Most approaches have been focused on providing supportive substrates for guiding neurons and overcoming the physical and chemical barriers to healing that arise after SCI. 28120511 13 3 theme 3D 2115:2116 arg1 bioprinter 2118:2127 a 3D bioprinter 2113:2127 a 3D bioprinter 2113:2127 These data suggested that a collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold fabricated by a 3D bioprinter could enhance the mechanical properties of collagen and provide continuous guidance channels for axons, which would improve the neurological function after SCI. 28120511 11 4 theme significant 1720:1730 arg1 recovery 1732:1739 significant recovery 1720:1739 significant recovery of locomotor function 1720:1761 Two months after implantating the scaffold into transection lesions in T10 of the spinal cord in rats, the collagen/heparin sulfate group demonstrated significant recovery of locomotor function and according to electrophysiological examinations. 28120511 10 5 theme heparin 1408:1414 arg1 modification 1424:1435 heparin sulfate modification 1408:1435 heparin sulfate modification 1408:1435 We also demonstrated that heparin sulfate modification significantly improved bFGF immobilization and absorption to the collagen by examining the release kinetics of bFGF from scaffolds. 28120511 12 6 theme collagen/heparin 1848:1863 arg1 treatment 1873:1881 collagen/heparin sulfate treatment 1848:1881 collagen/heparin sulfate treatment 1848:1881 Parallel to functional recovery, collagen/heparin sulfate treatment further ameliorated the pathological process and markedly increased the number of neurofilament (NF) positive cells compared to collagen treatment alone. 28120511 15 7 dep Res 2336:2338 arg1 105A 2348:2351 105A 2348:2351 105A 2348:2351 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1324-1332, 2017. 28120511 15 7 dep Res 2336:2338 arg1 A 2345:2345 Part A 2340:2345 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1324-1332, 2017. 2321:2369 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1324-1332, 2017. 28120511 4 8 theme pore 690:693 arg1 structure 695:703 pore structure 690:703 pore structure 690:703 The mechanical properties mainly rely on the composition and pore structure of scaffolds. 28120511 11 9 theme transection 1617:1627 arg1 lesions 1629:1635 transection lesions 1617:1635 transection lesions 1617:1635 Two months after implantating the scaffold into transection lesions in T10 of the spinal cord in rats, the collagen/heparin sulfate group demonstrated significant recovery of locomotor function and according to electrophysiological examinations. 28120511 8 10 theme sulfate 1191:1197 arg1 composition 1199:1209 the collagen/heparin sulfate composition 1170:1209 the collagen/heparin sulfate composition compared to a collagen scaffold 1170:1241 We also found that both the compression modulus and strengths of the scaffold were significantly enhanced by the collagen/heparin sulfate composition compared to a collagen scaffold. 28120511 1 11 theme early 277:281 arg1 stages 283:288 the early stages 273:288 the early stages of development 273:303 Effective treatments promoting axonal regeneration and functional recovery for spinal cord injury (SCI) are still in the early stages of development. 28120511 1 12 theme functional 211:220 arg1 recovery 222:229 functional recovery 211:229 functional recovery 211:229 Effective treatments promoting axonal regeneration and functional recovery for spinal cord injury (SCI) are still in the early stages of development. 28120511 0 13 theme cord 135:138 arg1 injury 140:145 spinal cord injury 128:145 spinal cord injury in rats 128:153 Collagen/heparin sulfate scaffolds fabricated by a 3D bioprinter improved mechanical properties and neurological function after spinal cord injury in rats. 28120511 3 14 theme mechanical 570:579 arg1 properties 581:590 its low mechanical properties 562:590 its low mechanical properties 562:590 Although collagen has become a promising natural substrate with good compatibility, its low mechanical properties restrict its potential applications. 28120511 11 15 from T10 1640:1642 arg1 rats 1666:1669 rats 1666:1669 rats 1666:1669 Two months after implantating the scaffold into transection lesions in T10 of the spinal cord in rats, the collagen/heparin sulfate group demonstrated significant recovery of locomotor function and according to electrophysiological examinations. 28120511 5 16 theme scaffold 744:751 arg1 composition 727:737 the composition 723:737 the composition of a scaffold 723:751 For the composition of a scaffold, we used heparin sulfate to react with collagen by crosslinking. 28120511 1 17 theme cord 242:245 arg1 SCI 255:257 SCI 255:257 SCI 255:257 Effective treatments promoting axonal regeneration and functional recovery for spinal cord injury (SCI) are still in the early stages of development. 28120511 1 17 theme cord 242:245 arg1 injury 247:252 spinal cord injury 235:252 spinal cord injury (SCI) 235:258 Effective treatments promoting axonal regeneration and functional recovery for spinal cord injury (SCI) are still in the early stages of development. 28120511 9 18 theme collagen/heparin 1259:1274 arg1 scaffold 1284:1291 the collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold 1255:1291 the collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold 1255:1291 Meanwhile, the collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold presented good biocompatibility when it was co-cultured with neural stem cells in vitro. 28120511 9 18 theme collagen/heparin 1259:1274 arg1 Meanwhile 1244:1252 Meanwhile 1244:1252 Meanwhile 1244:1252 Meanwhile, the collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold presented good biocompatibility when it was co-cultured with neural stem cells in vitro. 28120511 3 19 theme potential 605:613 arg1 applications 615:626 its potential applications 601:626 its potential applications 601:626 Although collagen has become a promising natural substrate with good compatibility, its low mechanical properties restrict its potential applications. 28120511 15 20 theme Part 2340:2343 arg1 A 2345:2345 Part A 2340:2345 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1324-1332, 2017. 2321:2369 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1324-1332, 2017. 28120511 6 21 theme pore 932:935 arg1 distributions 937:949 a uniform pore distributions 922:949 a uniform pore distributions 922:949 For the structure, we adopted a three-dimensional (3D) printing technology to fabricate a scaffold with a uniform pore distributions. 28120511 10 22 theme sulfate 1416:1422 arg1 modification 1424:1435 heparin sulfate modification 1408:1435 heparin sulfate modification 1408:1435 We also demonstrated that heparin sulfate modification significantly improved bFGF immobilization and absorption to the collagen by examining the release kinetics of bFGF from scaffolds. 28120511 9 23 theme good 1303:1306 arg1 biocompatibility 1308:1323 good biocompatibility 1303:1323 good biocompatibility 1303:1323 Meanwhile, the collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold presented good biocompatibility when it was co-cultured with neural stem cells in vitro. 28120511 1 24 theme Effective 156:164 arg1 treatments 166:175 Effective treatments 156:175 Effective treatments promoting axonal regeneration and functional recovery for spinal cord injury (SCI) 156:258 Effective treatments promoting axonal regeneration and functional recovery for spinal cord injury (SCI) are still in the early stages of development. 28120511 13 25 theme continuous 2193:2202 arg1 channels 2213:2220 continuous guidance channels 2193:2220 continuous guidance channels for axons, which would improve the neurological function after SCI 2193:2287 These data suggested that a collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold fabricated by a 3D bioprinter could enhance the mechanical properties of collagen and provide continuous guidance channels for axons, which would improve the neurological function after SCI. 28120511 5 26 used used 757:760 arg2 we 754:755 we 754:755 we 754:755 For the composition of a scaffold, we used heparin sulfate to react with collagen by crosslinking. 28120511 13 27 theme sulfate 2082:2088 arg1 scaffold 2090:2097 a collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold 2063:2097 a collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold fabricated by a 3D bioprinter 2063:2127 These data suggested that a collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold fabricated by a 3D bioprinter could enhance the mechanical properties of collagen and provide continuous guidance channels for axons, which would improve the neurological function after SCI. 28120511 0 28 theme neurological 100:111 arg1 function 113:120 neurological function 100:120 neurological function 100:120 Collagen/heparin sulfate scaffolds fabricated by a 3D bioprinter improved mechanical properties and neurological function after spinal cord injury in rats. 28120511 13 29 theme mechanical 2147:2156 arg1 properties 2158:2167 the mechanical properties 2143:2167 the mechanical properties of collagen 2143:2179 These data suggested that a collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold fabricated by a 3D bioprinter could enhance the mechanical properties of collagen and provide continuous guidance channels for axons, which would improve the neurological function after SCI. 28120511 5 30 theme heparin 762:768 arg1 sulfate 770:776 heparin sulfate 762:776 heparin sulfate 762:776 For the composition of a scaffold, we used heparin sulfate to react with collagen by crosslinking. 28120511 12 31 theme positive 1984:1991 arg1 cells 1993:1997 neurofilament (NF) positive cells 1965:1997 neurofilament (NF) positive cells 1965:1997 Parallel to functional recovery, collagen/heparin sulfate treatment further ameliorated the pathological process and markedly increased the number of neurofilament (NF) positive cells compared to collagen treatment alone. 28120511 0 32 theme Collagen/heparin 0:15 arg1 scaffolds 25:33 Collagen/heparin sulfate scaffolds 0:33 Collagen/heparin sulfate scaffolds fabricated by a 3D bioprinter 0:63 Collagen/heparin sulfate scaffolds fabricated by a 3D bioprinter improved mechanical properties and neurological function after spinal cord injury in rats. 28120511 9 33 theme stem 1361:1364 arg1 cells 1366:1370 neural stem cells 1354:1370 neural stem cells 1354:1370 Meanwhile, the collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold presented good biocompatibility when it was co-cultured with neural stem cells in vitro. 28120511 10 34 theme bFGF 1548:1551 arg1 kinetics 1536:1543 the release kinetics 1524:1543 the release kinetics of bFGF from scaffolds 1524:1566 We also demonstrated that heparin sulfate modification significantly improved bFGF immobilization and absorption to the collagen by examining the release kinetics of bFGF from scaffolds. 28120511 6 35 theme printing 873:880 arg1 technology 882:891 a three-dimensional (3D) printing technology 848:891 a three-dimensional (3D) printing technology to fabricate a scaffold with a uniform pore distributions 848:949 For the structure, we adopted a three-dimensional (3D) printing technology to fabricate a scaffold with a uniform pore distributions. 28120511 14 36 dep © 2290:2290 arg1 Inc. 2316:2319 Inc. 2316:2319 Inc. 2316:2319 © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 28120511 11 37 theme locomotor 1744:1752 arg1 function 1754:1761 locomotor function 1744:1761 locomotor function 1744:1761 Two months after implantating the scaffold into transection lesions in T10 of the spinal cord in rats, the collagen/heparin sulfate group demonstrated significant recovery of locomotor function and according to electrophysiological examinations. 28120511 0 38 theme 3D 51:52 arg1 bioprinter 54:63 a 3D bioprinter 49:63 a 3D bioprinter 49:63 Collagen/heparin sulfate scaffolds fabricated by a 3D bioprinter improved mechanical properties and neurological function after spinal cord injury in rats. 28120511 8 39 theme compression 1089:1099 arg1 modulus 1101:1107 the compression modulus 1085:1107 the compression modulus 1085:1107 We also found that both the compression modulus and strengths of the scaffold were significantly enhanced by the collagen/heparin sulfate composition compared to a collagen scaffold. 28120511 6 40 theme three-dimensional 850:866 arg1 technology 882:891 a three-dimensional (3D) printing technology 848:891 a three-dimensional (3D) printing technology to fabricate a scaffold with a uniform pore distributions 848:949 For the structure, we adopted a three-dimensional (3D) printing technology to fabricate a scaffold with a uniform pore distributions. 28120511 6 41 with scaffold 908:915 arg1 distributions 937:949 a uniform pore distributions 922:949 a uniform pore distributions 922:949 For the structure, we adopted a three-dimensional (3D) printing technology to fabricate a scaffold with a uniform pore distributions. 28120511 11 42 dep months 1573:1578 arg1 implantating 1586:1597 implantating 1586:1597 implantating the scaffold into transection lesions in T10 of the spinal cord in rats 1586:1669 Two months after implantating the scaffold into transection lesions in T10 of the spinal cord in rats, the collagen/heparin sulfate group demonstrated significant recovery of locomotor function and according to electrophysiological examinations. 28120511 6 43 theme uniform 924:930 arg1 distributions 937:949 a uniform pore distributions 922:949 a uniform pore distributions 922:949 For the structure, we adopted a three-dimensional (3D) printing technology to fabricate a scaffold with a uniform pore distributions. 28120511 11 44 theme sulfate 1693:1699 arg1 group 1701:1705 the collagen/heparin sulfate group 1672:1705 the collagen/heparin sulfate group 1672:1705 Two months after implantating the scaffold into transection lesions in T10 of the spinal cord in rats, the collagen/heparin sulfate group demonstrated significant recovery of locomotor function and according to electrophysiological examinations. 28120511 11 45 theme cord 1658:1661 arg1 T10 1640:1642 T10 1640:1642 T10 of the spinal cord in rats 1640:1669 Two months after implantating the scaffold into transection lesions in T10 of the spinal cord in rats, the collagen/heparin sulfate group demonstrated significant recovery of locomotor function and according to electrophysiological examinations. 28120511 3 46 theme promising 509:517 arg1 substrate 527:535 a promising natural substrate 507:535 a promising natural substrate with good compatibility 507:559 Although collagen has become a promising natural substrate with good compatibility, its low mechanical properties restrict its potential applications. 28120511 13 47 theme neurological 2257:2268 arg1 function 2270:2277 the neurological function 2253:2277 the neurological function 2253:2277 These data suggested that a collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold fabricated by a 3D bioprinter could enhance the mechanical properties of collagen and provide continuous guidance channels for axons, which would improve the neurological function after SCI. 28120511 8 48 theme scaffold 1130:1137 arg1 modulus 1101:1107 the compression modulus 1085:1107 the compression modulus 1085:1107 We also found that both the compression modulus and strengths of the scaffold were significantly enhanced by the collagen/heparin sulfate composition compared to a collagen scaffold. 28120511 8 48 theme scaffold 1130:1137 arg1 strengths 1113:1121 strengths 1113:1121 strengths 1113:1121 We also found that both the compression modulus and strengths of the scaffold were significantly enhanced by the collagen/heparin sulfate composition compared to a collagen scaffold. 28120511 3 49 with substrate 527:535 arg1 compatibility 547:559 good compatibility 542:559 good compatibility 542:559 Although collagen has become a promising natural substrate with good compatibility, its low mechanical properties restrict its potential applications. 28120511 13 50 theme collagen/heparin 2065:2080 arg1 scaffold 2090:2097 a collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold 2063:2097 a collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold fabricated by a 3D bioprinter 2063:2127 These data suggested that a collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold fabricated by a 3D bioprinter could enhance the mechanical properties of collagen and provide continuous guidance channels for axons, which would improve the neurological function after SCI. 28120511 12 51 theme sulfate 1865:1871 arg1 treatment 1873:1881 collagen/heparin sulfate treatment 1848:1881 collagen/heparin sulfate treatment 1848:1881 Parallel to functional recovery, collagen/heparin sulfate treatment further ameliorated the pathological process and markedly increased the number of neurofilament (NF) positive cells compared to collagen treatment alone. 28120511 3 52 theme good 542:545 arg1 compatibility 547:559 good compatibility 542:559 good compatibility 542:559 Although collagen has become a promising natural substrate with good compatibility, its low mechanical properties restrict its potential applications. 28120511 1 53 theme axonal 187:192 arg1 regeneration 194:205 axonal regeneration 187:205 axonal regeneration 187:205 Effective treatments promoting axonal regeneration and functional recovery for spinal cord injury (SCI) are still in the early stages of development. 28120511 15 54 dep 105A 2348:2351 arg1 1324-1332 2354:2362 1324-1332 2354:2362 1324-1332 2354:2362 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1324-1332, 2017. 28120511 10 55 theme bFGF 1460:1463 arg1 immobilization 1465:1478 bFGF immobilization 1460:1478 bFGF immobilization 1460:1478 We also demonstrated that heparin sulfate modification significantly improved bFGF immobilization and absorption to the collagen by examining the release kinetics of bFGF from scaffolds. 28120511 8 56 theme collagen/heparin 1174:1189 arg1 composition 1199:1209 the collagen/heparin sulfate composition 1170:1209 the collagen/heparin sulfate composition compared to a collagen scaffold 1170:1241 We also found that both the compression modulus and strengths of the scaffold were significantly enhanced by the collagen/heparin sulfate composition compared to a collagen scaffold. 28120511 12 57 theme functional 1827:1836 arg1 recovery 1838:1845 functional recovery 1827:1845 functional recovery 1827:1845 Parallel to functional recovery, collagen/heparin sulfate treatment further ameliorated the pathological process and markedly increased the number of neurofilament (NF) positive cells compared to collagen treatment alone. 28120511 12 58 theme collagen 2011:2018 arg1 treatment 2020:2028 collagen treatment 2011:2028 collagen treatment alone 2011:2034 Parallel to functional recovery, collagen/heparin sulfate treatment further ameliorated the pathological process and markedly increased the number of neurofilament (NF) positive cells compared to collagen treatment alone. 28120511 3 59 theme low 566:568 arg1 properties 581:590 its low mechanical properties 562:590 its low mechanical properties 562:590 Although collagen has become a promising natural substrate with good compatibility, its low mechanical properties restrict its potential applications. 28120511 1 60 theme spinal 235:240 arg1 SCI 255:257 SCI 255:257 SCI 255:257 Effective treatments promoting axonal regeneration and functional recovery for spinal cord injury (SCI) are still in the early stages of development. 28120511 1 60 theme spinal 235:240 arg1 injury 247:252 spinal cord injury 235:252 spinal cord injury (SCI) 235:258 Effective treatments promoting axonal regeneration and functional recovery for spinal cord injury (SCI) are still in the early stages of development. 28120511 7 61 theme 3D 1023:1024 arg1 bioprinter 1026:1035 a 3D bioprinter 1021:1035 a 3D bioprinter 1021:1035 We observed that the internal structure of the scaffold printed with a 3D bioprinter was regular and porous. 28120511 11 62 from scaffold 1603:1610 arg1 T10 1640:1642 T10 1640:1642 T10 of the spinal cord in rats 1640:1669 Two months after implantating the scaffold into transection lesions in T10 of the spinal cord in rats, the collagen/heparin sulfate group demonstrated significant recovery of locomotor function and according to electrophysiological examinations. 28120511 8 63 theme collagen 1225:1232 arg1 scaffold 1234:1241 a collagen scaffold 1223:1241 a collagen scaffold 1223:1241 We also found that both the compression modulus and strengths of the scaffold were significantly enhanced by the collagen/heparin sulfate composition compared to a collagen scaffold. 28120511 9 64 theme sulfate 1276:1282 arg1 scaffold 1284:1291 the collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold 1255:1291 the collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold 1255:1291 Meanwhile, the collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold presented good biocompatibility when it was co-cultured with neural stem cells in vitro. 28120511 9 64 theme sulfate 1276:1282 arg1 Meanwhile 1244:1252 Meanwhile 1244:1252 Meanwhile 1244:1252 Meanwhile, the collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold presented good biocompatibility when it was co-cultured with neural stem cells in vitro. 28120511 2 65 theme Most 306:309 arg1 approaches 311:320 Most approaches 306:320 Most approaches 306:320 Most approaches have been focused on providing supportive substrates for guiding neurons and overcoming the physical and chemical barriers to healing that arise after SCI. 28120511 10 66 from kinetics 1536:1543 arg1 scaffolds 1558:1566 scaffolds 1558:1566 scaffolds 1558:1566 We also demonstrated that heparin sulfate modification significantly improved bFGF immobilization and absorption to the collagen by examining the release kinetics of bFGF from scaffolds. 28120511 0 67 theme mechanical 74:83 arg1 properties 85:94 mechanical properties 74:94 mechanical properties 74:94 Collagen/heparin sulfate scaffolds fabricated by a 3D bioprinter improved mechanical properties and neurological function after spinal cord injury in rats. 28120511 7 68 theme scaffold 999:1006 arg1 regular 1041:1047 regular 1041:1047 regular 1041:1047 We observed that the internal structure of the scaffold printed with a 3D bioprinter was regular and porous. 28120511 7 68 theme scaffold 999:1006 arg1 structure 982:990 the internal structure 969:990 the internal structure of the scaffold printed with a 3D bioprinter 969:1035 We observed that the internal structure of the scaffold printed with a 3D bioprinter was regular and porous. 28120511 4 69 theme scaffolds 708:716 arg1 composition 674:684 composition 674:684 composition 674:684 The mechanical properties mainly rely on the composition and pore structure of scaffolds. 28120511 4 69 theme scaffolds 708:716 arg1 structure 695:703 pore structure 690:703 pore structure 690:703 The mechanical properties mainly rely on the composition and pore structure of scaffolds. 28120511 10 70 from scaffolds 1558:1566 arg1 bFGF 1548:1551 bFGF 1548:1551 bFGF from scaffolds 1548:1566 We also demonstrated that heparin sulfate modification significantly improved bFGF immobilization and absorption to the collagen by examining the release kinetics of bFGF from scaffolds. 28120511 10 70 from scaffolds 1558:1566 arg1 kinetics 1536:1543 the release kinetics 1524:1543 the release kinetics of bFGF from scaffolds 1524:1566 We also demonstrated that heparin sulfate modification significantly improved bFGF immobilization and absorption to the collagen by examining the release kinetics of bFGF from scaffolds. 28120511 13 71 theme guidance 2204:2211 arg1 channels 2213:2220 continuous guidance channels 2193:2220 continuous guidance channels for axons, which would improve the neurological function after SCI 2193:2287 These data suggested that a collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold fabricated by a 3D bioprinter could enhance the mechanical properties of collagen and provide continuous guidance channels for axons, which would improve the neurological function after SCI. 28120511 7 72 theme internal 973:980 arg1 regular 1041:1047 regular 1041:1047 regular 1041:1047 We observed that the internal structure of the scaffold printed with a 3D bioprinter was regular and porous. 28120511 7 72 theme internal 973:980 arg1 structure 982:990 the internal structure 969:990 the internal structure of the scaffold printed with a 3D bioprinter 969:1035 We observed that the internal structure of the scaffold printed with a 3D bioprinter was regular and porous. 28120511 0 73 theme spinal 128:133 arg1 injury 140:145 spinal cord injury 128:145 spinal cord injury in rats 128:153 Collagen/heparin sulfate scaffolds fabricated by a 3D bioprinter improved mechanical properties and neurological function after spinal cord injury in rats. 28120511 12 74 theme cells 1993:1997 arg1 number 1955:1960 the number 1951:1960 the number of neurofilament (NF) positive cells compared to collagen treatment alone 1951:2034 Parallel to functional recovery, collagen/heparin sulfate treatment further ameliorated the pathological process and markedly increased the number of neurofilament (NF) positive cells compared to collagen treatment alone. 28120511 0 75 theme sulfate 17:23 arg1 scaffolds 25:33 Collagen/heparin sulfate scaffolds 0:33 Collagen/heparin sulfate scaffolds fabricated by a 3D bioprinter 0:63 Collagen/heparin sulfate scaffolds fabricated by a 3D bioprinter improved mechanical properties and neurological function after spinal cord injury in rats. 28120511 9 76 theme neural 1354:1359 arg1 cells 1366:1370 neural stem cells 1354:1370 neural stem cells 1354:1370 Meanwhile, the collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold presented good biocompatibility when it was co-cultured with neural stem cells in vitro. 28120511 6 77 dep three-dimensional 850:866 arg1 3D 869:870 3D 869:870 3D 869:870 For the structure, we adopted a three-dimensional (3D) printing technology to fabricate a scaffold with a uniform pore distributions. 28120511 11 78 theme function 1754:1761 arg1 recovery 1732:1739 significant recovery 1720:1739 significant recovery of locomotor function 1720:1761 Two months after implantating the scaffold into transection lesions in T10 of the spinal cord in rats, the collagen/heparin sulfate group demonstrated significant recovery of locomotor function and according to electrophysiological examinations. 28120511 2 79 theme chemical 427:434 arg1 barriers 436:443 the physical and chemical barriers 410:443 the physical and chemical barriers to healing that arise after SCI 410:475 Most approaches have been focused on providing supportive substrates for guiding neurons and overcoming the physical and chemical barriers to healing that arise after SCI. 28120511 1 80 theme development 293:303 arg1 stages 283:288 the early stages 273:288 the early stages of development 273:303 Effective treatments promoting axonal regeneration and functional recovery for spinal cord injury (SCI) are still in the early stages of development. 28120511 4 81 dep composition 674:684 arg1 the 670:672 the 670:672 the 670:672 The mechanical properties mainly rely on the composition and pore structure of scaffolds. 28120511 10 82 theme release 1528:1534 arg1 kinetics 1536:1543 the release kinetics 1524:1543 the release kinetics of bFGF from scaffolds 1524:1566 We also demonstrated that heparin sulfate modification significantly improved bFGF immobilization and absorption to the collagen by examining the release kinetics of bFGF from scaffolds. 28120511 2 83 theme physical 414:421 arg1 barriers 436:443 the physical and chemical barriers 410:443 the physical and chemical barriers to healing that arise after SCI 410:475 Most approaches have been focused on providing supportive substrates for guiding neurons and overcoming the physical and chemical barriers to healing that arise after SCI. 28120511 11 84 dep demonstrated 1707:1718 arg1 months 1573:1578 Two months 1569:1578 Two months 1569:1578 Two months after implantating the scaffold into transection lesions in T10 of the spinal cord in rats, the collagen/heparin sulfate group demonstrated significant recovery of locomotor function and according to electrophysiological examinations. 28120511 12 85 theme pathological 1907:1918 arg1 process 1920:1926 the pathological process 1903:1926 the pathological process 1903:1926 Parallel to functional recovery, collagen/heparin sulfate treatment further ameliorated the pathological process and markedly increased the number of neurofilament (NF) positive cells compared to collagen treatment alone. 28120511 11 86 theme electrophysiological 1780:1799 arg1 examinations 1801:1812 electrophysiological examinations 1780:1812 electrophysiological examinations 1780:1812 Two months after implantating the scaffold into transection lesions in T10 of the spinal cord in rats, the collagen/heparin sulfate group demonstrated significant recovery of locomotor function and according to electrophysiological examinations. 28120511 3 87 theme natural 519:525 arg1 substrate 527:535 a promising natural substrate 507:535 a promising natural substrate with good compatibility 507:559 Although collagen has become a promising natural substrate with good compatibility, its low mechanical properties restrict its potential applications. 28120511 4 88 theme mechanical 633:642 arg1 properties 644:653 The mechanical properties 629:653 The mechanical properties 629:653 The mechanical properties mainly rely on the composition and pore structure of scaffolds. 28120511 0 89 from injury 140:145 arg1 rats 150:153 rats 150:153 rats 150:153 Collagen/heparin sulfate scaffolds fabricated by a 3D bioprinter improved mechanical properties and neurological function after spinal cord injury in rats. 28120511 11 90 theme collagen/heparin 1676:1691 arg1 group 1701:1705 the collagen/heparin sulfate group 1672:1705 the collagen/heparin sulfate group 1672:1705 Two months after implantating the scaffold into transection lesions in T10 of the spinal cord in rats, the collagen/heparin sulfate group demonstrated significant recovery of locomotor function and according to electrophysiological examinations. 28120511 11 91 theme spinal 1651:1656 arg1 cord 1658:1661 the spinal cord 1647:1661 the spinal cord 1647:1661 Two months after implantating the scaffold into transection lesions in T10 of the spinal cord in rats, the collagen/heparin sulfate group demonstrated significant recovery of locomotor function and according to electrophysiological examinations. 26701795 6 0 theme chemoattractant 1255:1269 arg1 MCP-1 1282:1286 MCP-1 1282:1286 MCP-1 1282:1286 The inflammatory response was measured as induction of IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), or macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α) protein by ELISA and mRNA by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. 26701795 6 0 theme chemoattractant 1255:1269 arg1 protein 1271:1277 monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 1246:1279 monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) 1246:1287 The inflammatory response was measured as induction of IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), or macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α) protein by ELISA and mRNA by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. 26701795 0 1 contain Contain 69:75 arg1 Oligosaccharides 11:26 Human Milk Oligosaccharides 0:26 Human Milk Oligosaccharides 0:26 Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Synthetic Galactosyloligosaccharides Contain 3'-, 4-, and 6'-Galactosyllactose and Attenuate Inflammation in Human T84, NCM-460, and H4 Cells and Intestinal Tissue Ex Vivo. 26701795 0 1 contain Contain 69:75 arg2 3'- 77:79 3'- 77:79 3'- 77:79 Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Synthetic Galactosyloligosaccharides Contain 3'-, 4-, and 6'-Galactosyllactose and Attenuate Inflammation in Human T84, NCM-460, and H4 Cells and Intestinal Tissue Ex Vivo. 26701795 0 1 contain Contain 69:75 arg2 6'-Galactosyllactose 90:109 6'-Galactosyllactose 90:109 6'-Galactosyllactose 90:109 Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Synthetic Galactosyloligosaccharides Contain 3'-, 4-, and 6'-Galactosyllactose and Attenuate Inflammation in Human T84, NCM-460, and H4 Cells and Intestinal Tissue Ex Vivo. 26701795 0 1 contain Contain 69:75 arg2 4- 82:83 4- 82:83 4- 82:83 Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Synthetic Galactosyloligosaccharides Contain 3'-, 4-, and 6'-Galactosyllactose and Attenuate Inflammation in Human T84, NCM-460, and H4 Cells and Intestinal Tissue Ex Vivo. 26701795 0 1 contain Contain 69:75 arg1 Galactosyloligosaccharides 42:67 Synthetic Galactosyloligosaccharides 32:67 Synthetic Galactosyloligosaccharides 32:67 Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Synthetic Galactosyloligosaccharides Contain 3'-, 4-, and 6'-Galactosyllactose and Attenuate Inflammation in Human T84, NCM-460, and H4 Cells and Intestinal Tissue Ex Vivo. 26701795 13 2 theme epithelial 2376:2385 arg1 cells 2387:2391 human intestinal epithelial cells 2359:2391 human intestinal epithelial cells 2359:2391 CONCLUSION Galactosyllactose attenuated NF-κB inflammatory signaling in human intestinal epithelial cells and in human immature intestine. 26701795 7 3 theme synthetic 1451:1459 arg1 GOS 1461:1463 synthetic GOS 1451:1463 synthetic GOS 1451:1463 The ability of HMOS or synthetic GOS to attenuate this inflammation was tested in vitro and in immature human intestinal tissue ex vivo. 26701795 9 4 theme pathogen-induced 1802:1817 arg1 IL-8 1819:1822 pathogen-induced IL-8 1802:1822 pathogen-induced IL-8 1802:1822 In H4 cells, HMOS attenuated TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced expression of IL-8, MIP-3α, and MCP-1 to 48-51% and pathogen-induced IL-8 and MCP-1 to 26-30% of positive controls (P < 0.001). 26701795 0 5 theme Intestinal 178:187 arg1 Tissue 189:194 Intestinal Tissue 178:194 Intestinal Tissue 178:194 Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Synthetic Galactosyloligosaccharides Contain 3'-, 4-, and 6'-Galactosyllactose and Attenuate Inflammation in Human T84, NCM-460, and H4 Cells and Intestinal Tissue Ex Vivo. 26701795 1 6 theme inflammatory 271:282 arg1 insult 284:289 inflammatory insult 271:289 inflammatory insult 271:289 BACKGROUND The immature intestinal mucosa responds excessively to inflammatory insult, but human milk protects infants from intestinal inflammation. 26701795 7 7 theme HMOS 1443:1446 arg1 ability 1432:1438 The ability 1428:1438 The ability of HMOS or synthetic GOS to attenuate this inflammation 1428:1494 The ability of HMOS or synthetic GOS to attenuate this inflammation was tested in vitro and in immature human intestinal tissue ex vivo. 26701795 10 8 theme positive 1997:2004 arg1 P 2016:2016 P < 0.001 2016:2024 P < 0.001 2016:2024 GOS reduced TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced inflammatory responses to 25-26% and pathogen-induced IL-8 and MCP-1 to 36-39% of positive controls (P < 0.001). 26701795 10 8 theme positive 1997:2004 arg1 controls 2006:2013 positive controls 1997:2013 positive controls (P < 0.001) 1997:2025 GOS reduced TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced inflammatory responses to 25-26% and pathogen-induced IL-8 and MCP-1 to 36-39% of positive controls (P < 0.001). 26701795 5 9 theme epithelial 876:885 arg1 H4 893:894 H4 893:894 H4 893:894 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 5 9 theme epithelial 876:885 arg1 cell 887:890 normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell 852:890 normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] 852:896 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 4 10 theme Galactosyllactose 675:691 arg1 composition 693:703 METHODS Galactosyllactose composition 667:703 METHODS Galactosyllactose composition 667:703 METHODS Galactosyllactose composition was measured in sequential human milk samples from days 1 through 21 of lactation and in random colostrum samples from 38 mothers. 26701795 13 11 theme intestinal 2365:2374 arg1 cells 2387:2391 human intestinal epithelial cells 2359:2391 human intestinal epithelial cells 2359:2391 CONCLUSION Galactosyllactose attenuated NF-κB inflammatory signaling in human intestinal epithelial cells and in human immature intestine. 26701795 8 12 theme P 1685:1685 arg1 lactation 1674:1682 early lactation 1668:1682 early lactation (P < 0.05) 1668:1693 RESULTS The 3 galactosyllactoses (3'-GL, 4-GL, and 6'-GL) expressed in colostrum rapidly declined over early lactation (P < 0.05). 26701795 8 12 theme P 1685:1685 arg1 < 1687:1687 P < 0.05 1685:1692 P < 0.05 1685:1692 RESULTS The 3 galactosyllactoses (3'-GL, 4-GL, and 6'-GL) expressed in colostrum rapidly declined over early lactation (P < 0.05). 26701795 10 13 theme < 2018:2018 arg1 P 2016:2016 P < 0.001 2016:2024 P < 0.001 2016:2024 GOS reduced TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced inflammatory responses to 25-26% and pathogen-induced IL-8 and MCP-1 to 36-39% of positive controls (P < 0.001). 26701795 10 13 theme < 2018:2018 arg1 controls 2006:2013 positive controls 1997:2013 positive controls (P < 0.001) 1997:2025 GOS reduced TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced inflammatory responses to 25-26% and pathogen-induced IL-8 and MCP-1 to 36-39% of positive controls (P < 0.001). 26701795 6 14 theme macrophage 1293:1302 arg1 protein 1337:1343 macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α) protein 1293:1343 macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α) protein 1293:1343 The inflammatory response was measured as induction of IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), or macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α) protein by ELISA and mRNA by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. 26701795 5 15 theme [human 845:850 arg1 lines 1031:1035 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines 836:1035 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines 836:1035 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 12 16 theme human 2197:2201 arg1 tissue 2214:2219 immature human intestinal tissue 2188:2219 immature human intestinal tissue 2188:2219 HMOS quenched the inflammatory response to Salmonella infection by immature human intestinal tissue ex vivo to 26% and by GOS to 50% of infected controls (P < 0.01). 26701795 9 17 theme positive 1847:1854 arg1 P 1866:1866 P < 0.001 1866:1874 P < 0.001 1866:1874 In H4 cells, HMOS attenuated TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced expression of IL-8, MIP-3α, and MCP-1 to 48-51% and pathogen-induced IL-8 and MCP-1 to 26-30% of positive controls (P < 0.001). 26701795 9 17 theme positive 1847:1854 arg1 controls 1856:1863 positive controls 1847:1863 positive controls (P < 0.001) 1847:1875 In H4 cells, HMOS attenuated TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced expression of IL-8, MIP-3α, and MCP-1 to 48-51% and pathogen-induced IL-8 and MCP-1 to 26-30% of positive controls (P < 0.001). 26701795 0 18 theme T84 147:149 arg1 Cells 168:172 Human T84, NCM-460, and H4 Cells 141:172 Human T84, NCM-460, and H4 Cells 141:172 Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Synthetic Galactosyloligosaccharides Contain 3'-, 4-, and 6'-Galactosyllactose and Attenuate Inflammation in Human T84, NCM-460, and H4 Cells and Intestinal Tissue Ex Vivo. 26701795 9 19 theme IL-1β-induced 1736:1748 arg1 expression 1750:1759 TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced expression 1725:1759 TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced expression of IL-8, MIP-3α, and MCP-1 1725:1786 In H4 cells, HMOS attenuated TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced expression of IL-8, MIP-3α, and MCP-1 to 48-51% and pathogen-induced IL-8 and MCP-1 to 26-30% of positive controls (P < 0.001). 26701795 5 20 theme fetal 859:863 arg1 H4 893:894 H4 893:894 H4 893:894 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 5 20 theme fetal 859:863 arg1 cell 887:890 normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell 852:890 normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] 852:896 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 14 21 theme anti-inflammatory 2474:2490 arg1 agents 2492:2497 strong physiologic anti-inflammatory agents 2455:2497 strong physiologic anti-inflammatory agents 2455:2497 Thus, galactosyllactoses are strong physiologic anti-inflammatory agents in human colostrum and early milk, contributing to innate immune modulation. 26701795 14 21 theme anti-inflammatory 2474:2490 arg1 galactosyllactoses 2432:2449 galactosyllactoses 2432:2449 galactosyllactoses 2432:2449 Thus, galactosyllactoses are strong physiologic anti-inflammatory agents in human colostrum and early milk, contributing to innate immune modulation. 26701795 4 22 theme human 732:736 arg1 samples 743:749 sequential human milk samples 721:749 sequential human milk samples from days 1 through 21 of lactation 721:785 METHODS Galactosyllactose composition was measured in sequential human milk samples from days 1 through 21 of lactation and in random colostrum samples from 38 mothers. 26701795 0 23 theme NCM-460 152:158 arg1 Cells 168:172 Human T84, NCM-460, and H4 Cells 141:172 Human T84, NCM-460, and H4 Cells 141:172 Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Synthetic Galactosyloligosaccharides Contain 3'-, 4-, and 6'-Galactosyllactose and Attenuate Inflammation in Human T84, NCM-460, and H4 Cells and Intestinal Tissue Ex Vivo. 26701795 5 24 theme enterocyte 1015:1024 arg1 lines 1031:1035 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines 836:1035 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines 836:1035 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 5 25 theme [human 909:914 arg1 NCM-460 1005:1011 NCM-460 1005:1011 NCM-460 1005:1011 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 5 25 theme [human 909:914 arg1 T84 952:954 T84 952:954 T84 952:954 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 5 25 theme [human 909:914 arg1 cell 946:949 [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell 909:949 mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) 902:955 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 12 26 theme Salmonella 2164:2173 arg1 infection 2175:2183 Salmonella infection 2164:2183 Salmonella infection by immature human intestinal tissue 2164:2219 HMOS quenched the inflammatory response to Salmonella infection by immature human intestinal tissue ex vivo to 26% and by GOS to 50% of infected controls (P < 0.01). 26701795 9 27 theme < 1868:1868 arg1 P 1866:1866 P < 0.001 1866:1874 P < 0.001 1866:1874 In H4 cells, HMOS attenuated TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced expression of IL-8, MIP-3α, and MCP-1 to 48-51% and pathogen-induced IL-8 and MCP-1 to 26-30% of positive controls (P < 0.001). 26701795 9 27 theme < 1868:1868 arg1 controls 1856:1863 positive controls 1847:1863 positive controls (P < 0.001) 1847:1875 In H4 cells, HMOS attenuated TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced expression of IL-8, MIP-3α, and MCP-1 to 48-51% and pathogen-induced IL-8 and MCP-1 to 26-30% of positive controls (P < 0.001). 26701795 10 28 theme IL-1β-induced 1901:1913 arg1 responses 1928:1936 TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced inflammatory responses 1890:1936 TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced inflammatory responses to 25-26% and pathogen-induced IL-8 and MCP-1 to 36-39% of positive controls (P < 0.001) 1890:2025 GOS reduced TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced inflammatory responses to 25-26% and pathogen-induced IL-8 and MCP-1 to 36-39% of positive controls (P < 0.001). 26701795 13 29 theme CONCLUSION 2287:2296 arg1 Galactosyllactose 2298:2314 CONCLUSION Galactosyllactose 2287:2314 CONCLUSION Galactosyllactose 2287:2314 CONCLUSION Galactosyllactose attenuated NF-κB inflammatory signaling in human intestinal epithelial cells and in human immature intestine. 26701795 5 30 theme colonic 927:933 arg1 NCM-460 1005:1011 NCM-460 1005:1011 NCM-460 1005:1011 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 5 30 theme colonic 927:933 arg1 T84 952:954 T84 952:954 T84 952:954 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 5 30 theme colonic 927:933 arg1 cell 946:949 [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell 909:949 mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) 902:955 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 11 31 theme transcription 2084:2096 arg1 factor 2098:2103 nuclear transcription factor κB 2076:2106 nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB) p65 2076:2118 GOS and HMOS mitigated nuclear translocation of nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB) p65. 26701795 11 31 theme transcription 2084:2096 arg1 NF-κB 2109:2113 NF-κB 2109:2113 NF-κB 2109:2113 GOS and HMOS mitigated nuclear translocation of nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB) p65. 26701795 10 32 theme TNF-α- 1890:1895 arg1 responses 1928:1936 TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced inflammatory responses 1890:1936 TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced inflammatory responses to 25-26% and pathogen-induced IL-8 and MCP-1 to 36-39% of positive controls (P < 0.001) 1890:2025 GOS reduced TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced inflammatory responses to 25-26% and pathogen-induced IL-8 and MCP-1 to 36-39% of positive controls (P < 0.001). 26701795 1 33 theme intestinal 329:338 arg1 inflammation 340:351 intestinal inflammation 329:351 intestinal inflammation 329:351 BACKGROUND The immature intestinal mucosa responds excessively to inflammatory insult, but human milk protects infants from intestinal inflammation. 26701795 6 34 theme protein 1337:1343 arg1 response 1202:1209 The inflammatory response 1185:1209 The inflammatory response 1185:1209 The inflammatory response was measured as induction of IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), or macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α) protein by ELISA and mRNA by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. 26701795 6 34 theme protein 1337:1343 arg1 induction 1227:1235 induction 1227:1235 induction of IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), or macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α) protein by ELISA and mRNA 1227:1361 The inflammatory response was measured as induction of IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), or macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α) protein by ELISA and mRNA by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. 26701795 7 35 theme intestinal 1538:1547 arg1 tissue 1549:1554 immature human intestinal tissue 1523:1554 immature human intestinal tissue 1523:1554 The ability of HMOS or synthetic GOS to attenuate this inflammation was tested in vitro and in immature human intestinal tissue ex vivo. 26701795 6 36 theme MIP-3α 1329:1334 arg1 protein 1337:1343 macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α) protein 1293:1343 macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α) protein 1293:1343 The inflammatory response was measured as induction of IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), or macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α) protein by ELISA and mRNA by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. 26701795 8 37 dep galactosyllactoses 1579:1596 arg1 6'-GL 1616:1620 6'-GL 1616:1620 6'-GL 1616:1620 RESULTS The 3 galactosyllactoses (3'-GL, 4-GL, and 6'-GL) expressed in colostrum rapidly declined over early lactation (P < 0.05). 26701795 8 37 dep galactosyllactoses 1579:1596 arg1 3'-GL 1599:1603 3'-GL 1599:1603 3'-GL 1599:1603 RESULTS The 3 galactosyllactoses (3'-GL, 4-GL, and 6'-GL) expressed in colostrum rapidly declined over early lactation (P < 0.05). 26701795 8 37 dep galactosyllactoses 1579:1596 arg1 galactosyllactoses 1579:1596 The 3 galactosyllactoses 1573:1596 The 3 galactosyllactoses (3'-GL, 4-GL, and 6'-GL) expressed in colostrum 1573:1644 RESULTS The 3 galactosyllactoses (3'-GL, 4-GL, and 6'-GL) expressed in colostrum rapidly declined over early lactation (P < 0.05). 26701795 8 37 dep galactosyllactoses 1579:1596 arg1 4-GL 1606:1609 4-GL 1606:1609 4-GL 1606:1609 RESULTS The 3 galactosyllactoses (3'-GL, 4-GL, and 6'-GL) expressed in colostrum rapidly declined over early lactation (P < 0.05). 26701795 7 38 theme immature 1523:1530 arg1 tissue 1549:1554 immature human intestinal tissue 1523:1554 immature human intestinal tissue 1523:1554 The ability of HMOS or synthetic GOS to attenuate this inflammation was tested in vitro and in immature human intestinal tissue ex vivo. 26701795 15 39 theme galactosyllactose 2610:2626 arg1 utility 2599:2605 The potential clinical utility 2576:2605 The potential clinical utility of galactosyllactose 2576:2626 The potential clinical utility of galactosyllactose warrants investigation. 26701795 6 40 theme protein-3α 1317:1326 arg1 protein 1337:1343 macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α) protein 1293:1343 macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α) protein 1293:1343 The inflammatory response was measured as induction of IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), or macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α) protein by ELISA and mRNA by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. 26701795 5 41 theme necrosis 1092:1099 arg1 TNF-α 1111:1115 TNF-α 1111:1115 TNF-α 1111:1115 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 5 41 theme necrosis 1092:1099 arg1 molecules 1076:1084 the pro-inflammatory molecules 1055:1084 the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) 1055:1142 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 5 41 theme necrosis 1092:1099 arg1 factor-α 1101:1108 tumor necrosis factor-α 1086:1108 tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) 1086:1116 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 13 42 theme human 2400:2404 arg1 intestine 2415:2423 human immature intestine 2400:2423 human immature intestine 2400:2423 CONCLUSION Galactosyllactose attenuated NF-κB inflammatory signaling in human intestinal epithelial cells and in human immature intestine. 26701795 5 43 theme normal 967:972 arg1 colon 974:978 human normal colon 961:978 human normal colon 961:978 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 9 44 theme TNF-α- 1725:1730 arg1 expression 1750:1759 TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced expression 1725:1759 TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced expression of IL-8, MIP-3α, and MCP-1 1725:1786 In H4 cells, HMOS attenuated TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced expression of IL-8, MIP-3α, and MCP-1 to 48-51% and pathogen-induced IL-8 and MCP-1 to 26-30% of positive controls (P < 0.001). 26701795 0 45 theme Human 0:4 arg1 Oligosaccharides 11:26 Human Milk Oligosaccharides 0:26 Human Milk Oligosaccharides 0:26 Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Synthetic Galactosyloligosaccharides Contain 3'-, 4-, and 6'-Galactosyllactose and Attenuate Inflammation in Human T84, NCM-460, and H4 Cells and Intestinal Tissue Ex Vivo. 26701795 4 46 from days 756:759 arg1 samples 743:749 sequential human milk samples 721:749 sequential human milk samples from days 1 through 21 of lactation 721:785 METHODS Galactosyllactose composition was measured in sequential human milk samples from days 1 through 21 of lactation and in random colostrum samples from 38 mothers. 26701795 5 47 theme cell 946:949 arg1 lines 1031:1035 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines 836:1035 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines 836:1035 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 2 48 theme milk 445:448 arg1 oligosaccharides 450:465 human milk oligosaccharides 439:465 human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS) 439:472 The ability of galactosyllactoses [galactosyloligosaccharides (GOS)], newly found in human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS), to suppress inflammation was not known. 26701795 2 48 theme milk 445:448 arg1 HMOS 468:471 HMOS 468:471 HMOS 468:471 The ability of galactosyllactoses [galactosyloligosaccharides (GOS)], newly found in human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS), to suppress inflammation was not known. 26701795 12 49 theme controls 2266:2273 arg1 P 2276:2276 P < 0.01 2276:2283 P < 0.01 2276:2283 HMOS quenched the inflammatory response to Salmonella infection by immature human intestinal tissue ex vivo to 26% and by GOS to 50% of infected controls (P < 0.01). 26701795 12 49 theme controls 2266:2273 arg1 % 2252:2252 50% 2250:2252 50% of infected controls (P < 0.01) 2250:2284 HMOS quenched the inflammatory response to Salmonella infection by immature human intestinal tissue ex vivo to 26% and by GOS to 50% of infected controls (P < 0.01). 26701795 12 49 theme controls 2266:2273 arg1 controls 2266:2273 infected controls 2257:2273 infected controls (P < 0.01) 2257:2284 HMOS quenched the inflammatory response to Salmonella infection by immature human intestinal tissue ex vivo to 26% and by GOS to 50% of infected controls (P < 0.01). 26701795 6 50 theme transcriptase-polymerase 1387:1410 arg1 reaction 1418:1425 quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction 1366:1425 quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction 1366:1425 The inflammatory response was measured as induction of IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), or macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α) protein by ELISA and mRNA by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. 26701795 11 51 theme nuclear 2051:2057 arg1 translocation 2059:2071 nuclear translocation 2051:2071 nuclear translocation of nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB) p65 2051:2118 GOS and HMOS mitigated nuclear translocation of nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB) p65. 26701795 0 52 theme Synthetic 32:40 arg1 Galactosyloligosaccharides 42:67 Synthetic Galactosyloligosaccharides 32:67 Synthetic Galactosyloligosaccharides 32:67 Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Synthetic Galactosyloligosaccharides Contain 3'-, 4-, and 6'-Galactosyllactose and Attenuate Inflammation in Human T84, NCM-460, and H4 Cells and Intestinal Tissue Ex Vivo. 26701795 6 53 theme quantitative 1366:1377 arg1 reaction 1418:1425 quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction 1366:1425 quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction 1366:1425 The inflammatory response was measured as induction of IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), or macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α) protein by ELISA and mRNA by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. 26701795 3 54 theme signaling 639:647 arg1 components 618:627 the components 614:627 the components of immune signaling modulated by GOS 614:664 OBJECTIVE The objective was to test whether GOS can directly attenuate inflammation and to explore the components of immune signaling modulated by GOS. 26701795 13 55 theme inflammatory 2333:2344 arg1 signaling 2346:2354 NF-κB inflammatory signaling 2327:2354 NF-κB inflammatory signaling 2327:2354 CONCLUSION Galactosyllactose attenuated NF-κB inflammatory signaling in human intestinal epithelial cells and in human immature intestine. 26701795 14 56 theme immune 2557:2562 arg1 modulation 2564:2573 innate immune modulation 2550:2573 innate immune modulation 2550:2573 Thus, galactosyllactoses are strong physiologic anti-inflammatory agents in human colostrum and early milk, contributing to innate immune modulation. 26701795 4 57 theme random 794:799 arg1 samples 811:817 random colostrum samples 794:817 random colostrum samples from 38 mothers 794:833 METHODS Galactosyllactose composition was measured in sequential human milk samples from days 1 through 21 of lactation and in random colostrum samples from 38 mothers. 26701795 5 58 theme mucosal 980:986 arg1 cell 999:1002 mucosal epithelial cell 980:1002 mucosal epithelial cell 980:1002 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 9 59 theme MCP-1 1782:1786 arg1 expression 1750:1759 TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced expression 1725:1759 TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced expression of IL-8, MIP-3α, and MCP-1 1725:1786 In H4 cells, HMOS attenuated TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced expression of IL-8, MIP-3α, and MCP-1 to 48-51% and pathogen-induced IL-8 and MCP-1 to 26-30% of positive controls (P < 0.001). 26701795 2 60 theme [galactosyloligosaccharides 388:414 arg1 ability 358:364 The ability 354:364 The ability of galactosyllactoses [galactosyloligosaccharides (GOS)], newly found in human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS), to suppress inflammation 354:498 The ability of galactosyllactoses [galactosyloligosaccharides (GOS)], newly found in human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS), to suppress inflammation was not known. 26701795 1 61 theme intestinal 229:238 arg1 mucosa 240:245 The immature intestinal mucosa 216:245 The immature intestinal mucosa 216:245 BACKGROUND The immature intestinal mucosa responds excessively to inflammatory insult, but human milk protects infants from intestinal inflammation. 26701795 7 62 theme GOS 1461:1463 arg1 ability 1432:1438 The ability 1428:1438 The ability of HMOS or synthetic GOS to attenuate this inflammation 1428:1494 The ability of HMOS or synthetic GOS to attenuate this inflammation was tested in vitro and in immature human intestinal tissue ex vivo. 26701795 6 63 theme protein 1271:1277 arg1 response 1202:1209 The inflammatory response 1185:1209 The inflammatory response 1185:1209 The inflammatory response was measured as induction of IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), or macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α) protein by ELISA and mRNA by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. 26701795 6 63 theme protein 1271:1277 arg1 induction 1227:1235 induction 1227:1235 induction of IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), or macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α) protein by ELISA and mRNA 1227:1361 The inflammatory response was measured as induction of IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), or macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α) protein by ELISA and mRNA by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. 26701795 15 64 theme potential 2580:2588 arg1 utility 2599:2605 The potential clinical utility 2576:2605 The potential clinical utility of galactosyllactose 2576:2626 The potential clinical utility of galactosyllactose warrants investigation. 26701795 14 65 theme early 2522:2526 arg1 milk 2528:2531 early milk 2522:2531 early milk 2522:2531 Thus, galactosyllactoses are strong physiologic anti-inflammatory agents in human colostrum and early milk, contributing to innate immune modulation. 26701795 6 66 theme monocyte 1246:1253 arg1 MCP-1 1282:1286 MCP-1 1282:1286 MCP-1 1282:1286 The inflammatory response was measured as induction of IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), or macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α) protein by ELISA and mRNA by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. 26701795 6 66 theme monocyte 1246:1253 arg1 protein 1271:1277 monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 1246:1279 monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) 1246:1287 The inflammatory response was measured as induction of IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), or macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α) protein by ELISA and mRNA by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. 26701795 10 67 theme controls 2006:2013 arg1 P 2016:2016 P < 0.001 2016:2024 P < 0.001 2016:2024 GOS reduced TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced inflammatory responses to 25-26% and pathogen-induced IL-8 and MCP-1 to 36-39% of positive controls (P < 0.001). 26701795 10 67 theme controls 2006:2013 arg1 % 1992:1992 36-39% 1987:1992 36-39% of positive controls (P < 0.001) 1987:2025 GOS reduced TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced inflammatory responses to 25-26% and pathogen-induced IL-8 and MCP-1 to 36-39% of positive controls (P < 0.001). 26701795 10 67 theme controls 2006:2013 arg1 controls 2006:2013 positive controls 1997:2013 positive controls (P < 0.001) 1997:2025 GOS reduced TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced inflammatory responses to 25-26% and pathogen-induced IL-8 and MCP-1 to 36-39% of positive controls (P < 0.001). 26701795 6 68 theme IL-8 1240:1243 arg1 response 1202:1209 The inflammatory response 1185:1209 The inflammatory response 1185:1209 The inflammatory response was measured as induction of IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), or macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α) protein by ELISA and mRNA by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. 26701795 6 68 theme IL-8 1240:1243 arg1 induction 1227:1235 induction 1227:1235 induction of IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), or macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α) protein by ELISA and mRNA 1227:1361 The inflammatory response was measured as induction of IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), or macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α) protein by ELISA and mRNA by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. 26701795 5 69 theme intestinal 865:874 arg1 H4 893:894 H4 893:894 H4 893:894 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 5 69 theme intestinal 865:874 arg1 cell 887:890 normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell 852:890 normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] 852:896 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 11 70 theme p65 2116:2118 arg1 translocation 2059:2071 nuclear translocation 2051:2071 nuclear translocation of nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB) p65 2051:2118 GOS and HMOS mitigated nuclear translocation of nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB) p65. 26701795 12 71 theme infected 2257:2264 arg1 P 2276:2276 P < 0.01 2276:2283 P < 0.01 2276:2283 HMOS quenched the inflammatory response to Salmonella infection by immature human intestinal tissue ex vivo to 26% and by GOS to 50% of infected controls (P < 0.01). 26701795 12 71 theme infected 2257:2264 arg1 controls 2266:2273 infected controls 2257:2273 infected controls (P < 0.01) 2257:2284 HMOS quenched the inflammatory response to Salmonella infection by immature human intestinal tissue ex vivo to 26% and by GOS to 50% of infected controls (P < 0.01). 26701795 11 72 theme nuclear 2076:2082 arg1 factor 2098:2103 nuclear transcription factor κB 2076:2106 nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB) p65 2076:2118 GOS and HMOS mitigated nuclear translocation of nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB) p65. 26701795 11 72 theme nuclear 2076:2082 arg1 NF-κB 2109:2113 NF-κB 2109:2113 NF-κB 2109:2113 GOS and HMOS mitigated nuclear translocation of nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB) p65. 26701795 13 73 theme human 2359:2363 arg1 cells 2387:2391 human intestinal epithelial cells 2359:2391 human intestinal epithelial cells 2359:2391 CONCLUSION Galactosyllactose attenuated NF-κB inflammatory signaling in human intestinal epithelial cells and in human immature intestine. 26701795 8 74 theme early 1668:1672 arg1 lactation 1674:1682 early lactation 1668:1682 early lactation (P < 0.05) 1668:1693 RESULTS The 3 galactosyllactoses (3'-GL, 4-GL, and 6'-GL) expressed in colostrum rapidly declined over early lactation (P < 0.05). 26701795 8 74 theme early 1668:1672 arg1 < 1687:1687 P < 0.05 1685:1692 P < 0.05 1685:1692 RESULTS The 3 galactosyllactoses (3'-GL, 4-GL, and 6'-GL) expressed in colostrum rapidly declined over early lactation (P < 0.05). 26701795 5 75 theme cell 887:890 arg1 lines 1031:1035 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines 836:1035 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines 836:1035 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 4 76 theme METHODS 667:673 arg1 composition 693:703 METHODS Galactosyllactose composition 667:703 METHODS Galactosyllactose composition 667:703 METHODS Galactosyllactose composition was measured in sequential human milk samples from days 1 through 21 of lactation and in random colostrum samples from 38 mothers. 26701795 6 77 theme inflammatory 1304:1315 arg1 protein 1337:1343 macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α) protein 1293:1343 macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α) protein 1293:1343 The inflammatory response was measured as induction of IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), or macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α) protein by ELISA and mRNA by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. 26701795 5 78 theme Immature 836:843 arg1 lines 1031:1035 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines 836:1035 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines 836:1035 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 14 79 theme human 2502:2506 arg1 colostrum 2508:2516 human colostrum 2502:2516 human colostrum 2502:2516 Thus, galactosyllactoses are strong physiologic anti-inflammatory agents in human colostrum and early milk, contributing to innate immune modulation. 26701795 2 80 located found 430:434 arg1 oligosaccharides 450:465 human milk oligosaccharides 439:465 human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS) 439:472 The ability of galactosyllactoses [galactosyloligosaccharides (GOS)], newly found in human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS), to suppress inflammation was not known. 26701795 2 80 located found 430:434 arg2 [galactosyloligosaccharides 388:414 galactosyllactoses [galactosyloligosaccharides 369:414 galactosyllactoses [galactosyloligosaccharides (GOS)] 369:421 The ability of galactosyllactoses [galactosyloligosaccharides (GOS)], newly found in human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS), to suppress inflammation was not known. 26701795 2 80 located found 430:434 arg2 GOS 417:419 GOS 417:419 GOS 417:419 The ability of galactosyllactoses [galactosyloligosaccharides (GOS)], newly found in human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS), to suppress inflammation was not known. 26701795 2 80 located found 430:434 arg1 HMOS 468:471 HMOS 468:471 HMOS 468:471 The ability of galactosyllactoses [galactosyloligosaccharides (GOS)], newly found in human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS), to suppress inflammation was not known. 26701795 13 81 theme NF-κB 2327:2331 arg1 signaling 2346:2354 NF-κB inflammatory signaling 2327:2354 NF-κB inflammatory signaling 2327:2354 CONCLUSION Galactosyllactose attenuated NF-κB inflammatory signaling in human intestinal epithelial cells and in human immature intestine. 26701795 5 82 theme normal 852:857 arg1 H4 893:894 H4 893:894 H4 893:894 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 5 82 theme normal 852:857 arg1 cell 887:890 normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell 852:890 normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] 852:896 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 9 83 theme controls 1856:1863 arg1 P 1866:1866 P < 0.001 1866:1874 P < 0.001 1866:1874 In H4 cells, HMOS attenuated TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced expression of IL-8, MIP-3α, and MCP-1 to 48-51% and pathogen-induced IL-8 and MCP-1 to 26-30% of positive controls (P < 0.001). 26701795 9 83 theme controls 1856:1863 arg1 % 1842:1842 26-30% 1837:1842 26-30% of positive controls (P < 0.001) 1837:1875 In H4 cells, HMOS attenuated TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced expression of IL-8, MIP-3α, and MCP-1 to 48-51% and pathogen-induced IL-8 and MCP-1 to 26-30% of positive controls (P < 0.001). 26701795 9 83 theme controls 1856:1863 arg1 controls 1856:1863 positive controls 1847:1863 positive controls (P < 0.001) 1847:1875 In H4 cells, HMOS attenuated TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced expression of IL-8, MIP-3α, and MCP-1 to 48-51% and pathogen-induced IL-8 and MCP-1 to 26-30% of positive controls (P < 0.001). 26701795 14 84 from agents 2492:2497 arg1 colostrum 2508:2516 human colostrum 2502:2516 human colostrum 2502:2516 Thus, galactosyllactoses are strong physiologic anti-inflammatory agents in human colostrum and early milk, contributing to innate immune modulation. 26701795 14 84 from agents 2492:2497 arg1 milk 2528:2531 early milk 2522:2531 early milk 2522:2531 Thus, galactosyllactoses are strong physiologic anti-inflammatory agents in human colostrum and early milk, contributing to innate immune modulation. 26701795 5 85 theme pro-inflammatory 1059:1074 arg1 molecules 1076:1084 the pro-inflammatory molecules 1055:1084 the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) 1055:1142 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 5 85 theme pro-inflammatory 1059:1074 arg1 factor-α 1101:1108 tumor necrosis factor-α 1086:1108 tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) 1086:1116 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 5 85 theme pro-inflammatory 1059:1074 arg1 interleukin-1β 1121:1134 interleukin-1β (IL-1β) 1121:1142 interleukin-1β (IL-1β) 1121:1142 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 4 86 from mothers 827:833 arg1 samples 811:817 random colostrum samples 794:817 random colostrum samples from 38 mothers 794:833 METHODS Galactosyllactose composition was measured in sequential human milk samples from days 1 through 21 of lactation and in random colostrum samples from 38 mothers. 26701795 5 87 theme mature 902:907 arg1 NCM-460 1005:1011 NCM-460 1005:1011 NCM-460 1005:1011 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 5 87 theme mature 902:907 arg1 T84 952:954 T84 952:954 T84 952:954 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 5 87 theme mature 902:907 arg1 cell 946:949 [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell 909:949 mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) 902:955 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 14 88 theme physiologic 2462:2472 arg1 agents 2492:2497 strong physiologic anti-inflammatory agents 2455:2497 strong physiologic anti-inflammatory agents 2455:2497 Thus, galactosyllactoses are strong physiologic anti-inflammatory agents in human colostrum and early milk, contributing to innate immune modulation. 26701795 14 88 theme physiologic 2462:2472 arg1 galactosyllactoses 2432:2449 galactosyllactoses 2432:2449 galactosyllactoses 2432:2449 Thus, galactosyllactoses are strong physiologic anti-inflammatory agents in human colostrum and early milk, contributing to innate immune modulation. 26701795 0 89 theme Human 141:145 arg1 Cells 168:172 Human T84, NCM-460, and H4 Cells 141:172 Human T84, NCM-460, and H4 Cells 141:172 Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Synthetic Galactosyloligosaccharides Contain 3'-, 4-, and 6'-Galactosyllactose and Attenuate Inflammation in Human T84, NCM-460, and H4 Cells and Intestinal Tissue Ex Vivo. 26701795 6 90 theme inflammatory 1189:1200 arg1 response 1202:1209 The inflammatory response 1185:1209 The inflammatory response 1185:1209 The inflammatory response was measured as induction of IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), or macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α) protein by ELISA and mRNA by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. 26701795 6 90 theme inflammatory 1189:1200 arg1 induction 1227:1235 induction 1227:1235 induction of IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), or macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α) protein by ELISA and mRNA 1227:1361 The inflammatory response was measured as induction of IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), or macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α) protein by ELISA and mRNA by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. 26701795 4 91 theme sequential 721:730 arg1 samples 743:749 sequential human milk samples 721:749 sequential human milk samples from days 1 through 21 of lactation 721:785 METHODS Galactosyllactose composition was measured in sequential human milk samples from days 1 through 21 of lactation and in random colostrum samples from 38 mothers. 26701795 0 92 theme H4 165:166 arg1 Cells 168:172 Human T84, NCM-460, and H4 Cells 141:172 Human T84, NCM-460, and H4 Cells 141:172 Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Synthetic Galactosyloligosaccharides Contain 3'-, 4-, and 6'-Galactosyllactose and Attenuate Inflammation in Human T84, NCM-460, and H4 Cells and Intestinal Tissue Ex Vivo. 26701795 5 93 theme cell 1026:1029 arg1 lines 1031:1035 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines 836:1035 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines 836:1035 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 5 94 theme metastatic 916:925 arg1 NCM-460 1005:1011 NCM-460 1005:1011 NCM-460 1005:1011 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 5 94 theme metastatic 916:925 arg1 T84 952:954 T84 952:954 T84 952:954 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 5 94 theme metastatic 916:925 arg1 cell 946:949 [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell 909:949 mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) 902:955 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 12 95 theme immature 2188:2195 arg1 tissue 2214:2219 immature human intestinal tissue 2188:2219 immature human intestinal tissue 2188:2219 HMOS quenched the inflammatory response to Salmonella infection by immature human intestinal tissue ex vivo to 26% and by GOS to 50% of infected controls (P < 0.01). 26701795 4 96 theme milk 738:741 arg1 samples 743:749 sequential human milk samples 721:749 sequential human milk samples from days 1 through 21 of lactation 721:785 METHODS Galactosyllactose composition was measured in sequential human milk samples from days 1 through 21 of lactation and in random colostrum samples from 38 mothers. 26701795 11 97 theme factor 2098:2103 arg1 p65 2116:2118 nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB) p65 2076:2118 nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB) p65 2076:2118 GOS and HMOS mitigated nuclear translocation of nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB) p65. 26701795 12 98 theme inflammatory 2139:2150 arg1 response 2152:2159 the inflammatory response 2135:2159 the inflammatory response to Salmonella infection by immature human intestinal tissue ex vivo to 26% and by GOS 2135:2245 HMOS quenched the inflammatory response to Salmonella infection by immature human intestinal tissue ex vivo to 26% and by GOS to 50% of infected controls (P < 0.01). 26701795 7 99 theme human 1532:1536 arg1 tissue 1549:1554 immature human intestinal tissue 1523:1554 immature human intestinal tissue 1523:1554 The ability of HMOS or synthetic GOS to attenuate this inflammation was tested in vitro and in immature human intestinal tissue ex vivo. 26701795 9 100 theme H4 1699:1700 arg1 cells 1702:1706 H4 cells 1699:1706 H4 cells 1699:1706 In H4 cells, HMOS attenuated TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced expression of IL-8, MIP-3α, and MCP-1 to 48-51% and pathogen-induced IL-8 and MCP-1 to 26-30% of positive controls (P < 0.001). 26701795 5 101 dep cell 946:949 arg1 cell 999:1002 mucosal epithelial cell 980:1002 mucosal epithelial cell 980:1002 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 12 102 theme intestinal 2203:2212 arg1 tissue 2214:2219 immature human intestinal tissue 2188:2219 immature human intestinal tissue 2188:2219 HMOS quenched the inflammatory response to Salmonella infection by immature human intestinal tissue ex vivo to 26% and by GOS to 50% of infected controls (P < 0.01). 26701795 10 103 theme inflammatory 1915:1926 arg1 responses 1928:1936 TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced inflammatory responses 1890:1936 TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced inflammatory responses to 25-26% and pathogen-induced IL-8 and MCP-1 to 36-39% of positive controls (P < 0.001) 1890:2025 GOS reduced TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced inflammatory responses to 25-26% and pathogen-induced IL-8 and MCP-1 to 36-39% of positive controls (P < 0.001). 26701795 5 104 theme tumor 1086:1090 arg1 TNF-α 1111:1115 TNF-α 1111:1115 TNF-α 1111:1115 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 5 104 theme tumor 1086:1090 arg1 molecules 1076:1084 the pro-inflammatory molecules 1055:1084 the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) 1055:1142 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 5 104 theme tumor 1086:1090 arg1 factor-α 1101:1108 tumor necrosis factor-α 1086:1108 tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) 1086:1116 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 5 105 theme human 961:965 arg1 colon 974:978 human normal colon 961:978 human normal colon 961:978 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 15 106 theme clinical 2590:2597 arg1 utility 2599:2605 The potential clinical utility 2576:2605 The potential clinical utility of galactosyllactose 2576:2626 The potential clinical utility of galactosyllactose warrants investigation. 26701795 4 107 theme lactation 777:785 arg1 days 756:759 days 1 through 21 756:772 days 1 through 21 of lactation 756:785 METHODS Galactosyllactose composition was measured in sequential human milk samples from days 1 through 21 of lactation and in random colostrum samples from 38 mothers. 26701795 0 108 theme Milk 6:9 arg1 Oligosaccharides 11:26 Human Milk Oligosaccharides 0:26 Human Milk Oligosaccharides 0:26 Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Synthetic Galactosyloligosaccharides Contain 3'-, 4-, and 6'-Galactosyllactose and Attenuate Inflammation in Human T84, NCM-460, and H4 Cells and Intestinal Tissue Ex Vivo. 26701795 8 109 dep RESULTS 1565:1571 arg1 declined 1654:1661 declined 1654:1661 declined over early lactation (P < 0.05) 1654:1693 RESULTS The 3 galactosyllactoses (3'-GL, 4-GL, and 6'-GL) expressed in colostrum rapidly declined over early lactation (P < 0.05). 26701795 5 110 theme epithelial 935:944 arg1 NCM-460 1005:1011 NCM-460 1005:1011 NCM-460 1005:1011 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 5 110 theme epithelial 935:944 arg1 T84 952:954 T84 952:954 T84 952:954 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 5 110 theme epithelial 935:944 arg1 cell 946:949 [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell 909:949 mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) 902:955 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 13 111 theme immature 2406:2413 arg1 intestine 2415:2423 human immature intestine 2400:2423 human immature intestine 2400:2423 CONCLUSION Galactosyllactose attenuated NF-κB inflammatory signaling in human intestinal epithelial cells and in human immature intestine. 26701795 6 112 theme chain 1412:1416 arg1 reaction 1418:1425 quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction 1366:1425 quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction 1366:1425 The inflammatory response was measured as induction of IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), or macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α) protein by ELISA and mRNA by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. 26701795 3 113 dep OBJECTIVE 515:523 arg1 was 539:541 was 539:541 was to test whether GOS can directly attenuate inflammation and to explore the components of immune signaling modulated by GOS 539:664 OBJECTIVE The objective was to test whether GOS can directly attenuate inflammation and to explore the components of immune signaling modulated by GOS. 26701795 2 114 theme human 439:443 arg1 oligosaccharides 450:465 human milk oligosaccharides 439:465 human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS) 439:472 The ability of galactosyllactoses [galactosyloligosaccharides (GOS)], newly found in human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS), to suppress inflammation was not known. 26701795 2 114 theme human 439:443 arg1 HMOS 468:471 HMOS 468:471 HMOS 468:471 The ability of galactosyllactoses [galactosyloligosaccharides (GOS)], newly found in human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS), to suppress inflammation was not known. 26701795 12 115 theme < 2278:2278 arg1 P 2276:2276 P < 0.01 2276:2283 P < 0.01 2276:2283 HMOS quenched the inflammatory response to Salmonella infection by immature human intestinal tissue ex vivo to 26% and by GOS to 50% of infected controls (P < 0.01). 26701795 12 115 theme < 2278:2278 arg1 controls 2266:2273 infected controls 2257:2273 infected controls (P < 0.01) 2257:2284 HMOS quenched the inflammatory response to Salmonella infection by immature human intestinal tissue ex vivo to 26% and by GOS to 50% of infected controls (P < 0.01). 26701795 6 116 theme reverse 1379:1385 arg1 reaction 1418:1425 quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction 1366:1425 quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction 1366:1425 The inflammatory response was measured as induction of IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), or macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α) protein by ELISA and mRNA by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. 26701795 1 117 theme human 296:300 arg1 milk 302:305 human milk 296:305 human milk 296:305 BACKGROUND The immature intestinal mucosa responds excessively to inflammatory insult, but human milk protects infants from intestinal inflammation. 26701795 9 118 theme IL-8 1764:1767 arg1 expression 1750:1759 TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced expression 1725:1759 TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced expression of IL-8, MIP-3α, and MCP-1 1725:1786 In H4 cells, HMOS attenuated TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced expression of IL-8, MIP-3α, and MCP-1 to 48-51% and pathogen-induced IL-8 and MCP-1 to 26-30% of positive controls (P < 0.001). 26701795 3 119 theme immune 632:637 arg1 signaling 639:647 immune signaling 632:647 immune signaling modulated by GOS 632:664 OBJECTIVE The objective was to test whether GOS can directly attenuate inflammation and to explore the components of immune signaling modulated by GOS. 26701795 9 120 theme MIP-3α 1770:1775 arg1 expression 1750:1759 TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced expression 1725:1759 TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced expression of IL-8, MIP-3α, and MCP-1 1725:1786 In H4 cells, HMOS attenuated TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced expression of IL-8, MIP-3α, and MCP-1 to 48-51% and pathogen-induced IL-8 and MCP-1 to 26-30% of positive controls (P < 0.001). 26701795 5 121 dep molecules 1076:1084 arg1 TNF-α 1111:1115 TNF-α 1111:1115 TNF-α 1111:1115 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 5 121 dep molecules 1076:1084 arg1 interleukin-1β 1121:1134 interleukin-1β (IL-1β) 1121:1142 interleukin-1β (IL-1β) 1121:1142 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 5 121 dep molecules 1076:1084 arg1 factor-α 1101:1108 tumor necrosis factor-α 1086:1108 tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) 1086:1116 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 5 121 dep molecules 1076:1084 arg1 molecules 1076:1084 the pro-inflammatory molecules 1055:1084 the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) 1055:1142 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 14 122 theme innate 2550:2555 arg1 modulation 2564:2573 innate immune modulation 2550:2573 innate immune modulation 2550:2573 Thus, galactosyllactoses are strong physiologic anti-inflammatory agents in human colostrum and early milk, contributing to innate immune modulation. 26701795 10 123 theme pathogen-induced 1952:1967 arg1 IL-8 1969:1972 pathogen-induced IL-8 1952:1972 pathogen-induced IL-8 1952:1972 GOS reduced TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced inflammatory responses to 25-26% and pathogen-induced IL-8 and MCP-1 to 36-39% of positive controls (P < 0.001). 26701795 1 124 dep BACKGROUND 205:214 arg1 responds 247:254 responds 247:254 responds excessively to inflammatory insult 247:289 BACKGROUND The immature intestinal mucosa responds excessively to inflammatory insult, but human milk protects infants from intestinal inflammation. 26701795 1 125 theme immature 220:227 arg1 mucosa 240:245 The immature intestinal mucosa 216:245 The immature intestinal mucosa 216:245 BACKGROUND The immature intestinal mucosa responds excessively to inflammatory insult, but human milk protects infants from intestinal inflammation. 26701795 5 126 theme epithelial 988:997 arg1 cell 999:1002 mucosal epithelial cell 980:1002 mucosal epithelial cell 980:1002 Immature [human normal fetal intestinal epithelial cell (H4)] and mature [human metastatic colonic epithelial cell (T84) and human normal colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM-460)] enterocyte cell lines were treated with the pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or infected with Salmonella or Listeria. 26701795 4 127 theme colostrum 801:809 arg1 samples 811:817 random colostrum samples 794:817 random colostrum samples from 38 mothers 794:833 METHODS Galactosyllactose composition was measured in sequential human milk samples from days 1 through 21 of lactation and in random colostrum samples from 38 mothers. 26701795 2 128 theme galactosyllactoses 369:386 arg1 GOS 417:419 GOS 417:419 GOS 417:419 The ability of galactosyllactoses [galactosyloligosaccharides (GOS)], newly found in human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS), to suppress inflammation was not known. 26701795 2 128 theme galactosyllactoses 369:386 arg1 [galactosyloligosaccharides 388:414 galactosyllactoses [galactosyloligosaccharides 369:414 galactosyllactoses [galactosyloligosaccharides (GOS)] 369:421 The ability of galactosyllactoses [galactosyloligosaccharides (GOS)], newly found in human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS), to suppress inflammation was not known. 28967662 4 0 theme ± 468:468 arg1 % 474:474 0.58 ± 0.12% 463:474 0.58 ± 0.12% 463:474 The EFPP had a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81%, uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% and protein of 0.58 ± 0.12%, with an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa and monosaccharide composition of Man, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal and Ara at a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24. 28967662 8 1 theme antioxidant 1348:1358 arg1 activities 1360:1369 hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities 1331:1369 hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities 1331:1369 The results suggested that EFPP possess hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities, and could be a potential source of natural hypoglycemic and antioxidant agents for functional foods or complementary medicines. 28967662 3 2 theme alloxan-induced 332:346 arg1 mice 362:365 alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice 332:365 alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice 332:365 (EFPP) on alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice. 28967662 5 3 theme mRNA 922:925 arg1 expression 927:936 the mRNA expression 918:936 the mRNA expression of GCK in the liver 918:956 Administration with EFPP, especially high dose EFPP, was beneficial to reverse body weight loss, reduce blood glucose levels, enhance serum insulin levels, improve oral glucose tolerance, increase hepatic glycogen content and GCK activity, and modulate the mRNA expression of GCK in the liver. 28967662 4 4 theme ± 411:411 arg1 % 417:417 65.72 ± 2.81% 405:417 65.72 ± 2.81% 405:417 The EFPP had a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81%, uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% and protein of 0.58 ± 0.12%, with an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa and monosaccharide composition of Man, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal and Ara at a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24. 28967662 6 5 theme GSH-Px 1094:1099 arg1 activities 1067:1076 the activities 1063:1076 the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px 1063:1099 Meanwhile, EFPP had protective effects against alloxan-induced oxidative injury in mice, via increasing the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px and decreasing the MDA contents in the liver and kidney of the mice. 28967662 2 6 theme potential 190:198 arg1 effects 229:235 the potential hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects 186:235 the potential hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of polysaccharides extracted from the petioles and pedicels of Euryale ferox Salisb 186:319 The present study investigated the potential hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of polysaccharides extracted from the petioles and pedicels of Euryale ferox Salisb. 28967662 0 7 theme Euryale 94:100 arg1 Salisb 108:113 Euryale ferox Salisb 94:113 Euryale ferox Salisb 94:113 The hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of polysaccharides from the petioles and pedicels of Euryale ferox Salisb. 28967662 8 8 theme antioxidant 1432:1442 arg1 agents 1444:1449 natural hypoglycemic and antioxidant agents 1407:1449 natural hypoglycemic and antioxidant agents 1407:1449 The results suggested that EFPP possess hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities, and could be a potential source of natural hypoglycemic and antioxidant agents for functional foods or complementary medicines. 28967662 2 9 theme Salisb 314:319 arg1 petioles 275:282 petioles 275:282 petioles 275:282 The present study investigated the potential hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of polysaccharides extracted from the petioles and pedicels of Euryale ferox Salisb. 28967662 2 9 theme Salisb 314:319 arg1 pedicels 288:295 pedicels 288:295 pedicels 288:295 The present study investigated the potential hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of polysaccharides extracted from the petioles and pedicels of Euryale ferox Salisb. 28967662 4 10 contain had 377:379 arg2 acid 427:430 uronic acid 420:430 uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% 420:446 The EFPP had a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81%, uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% and protein of 0.58 ± 0.12%, with an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa and monosaccharide composition of Man, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal and Ara at a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24. 28967662 4 10 contain had 377:379 arg1 EFPP 372:375 The EFPP 368:375 The EFPP 368:375 The EFPP had a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81%, uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% and protein of 0.58 ± 0.12%, with an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa and monosaccharide composition of Man, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal and Ara at a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24. 28967662 4 10 contain had 377:379 arg2 protein 452:458 protein 452:458 protein 452:458 The EFPP had a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81%, uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% and protein of 0.58 ± 0.12%, with an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa and monosaccharide composition of Man, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal and Ara at a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24. 28967662 4 10 contain had 377:379 arg2 carbohydrate 389:400 a total carbohydrate 381:400 a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81% 381:417 The EFPP had a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81%, uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% and protein of 0.58 ± 0.12%, with an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa and monosaccharide composition of Man, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal and Ara at a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24. 28967662 2 11 theme present 159:165 arg1 study 167:171 The present study 155:171 The present study 155:171 The present study investigated the potential hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of polysaccharides extracted from the petioles and pedicels of Euryale ferox Salisb. 28967662 5 12 with Administration 665:678 arg1 EFPP 712:715 especially high dose EFPP 691:715 especially high dose EFPP 691:715 Administration with EFPP, especially high dose EFPP, was beneficial to reverse body weight loss, reduce blood glucose levels, enhance serum insulin levels, improve oral glucose tolerance, increase hepatic glycogen content and GCK activity, and modulate the mRNA expression of GCK in the liver. 28967662 5 12 with Administration 665:678 arg1 EFPP 685:688 EFPP 685:688 EFPP 685:688 Administration with EFPP, especially high dose EFPP, was beneficial to reverse body weight loss, reduce blood glucose levels, enhance serum insulin levels, improve oral glucose tolerance, increase hepatic glycogen content and GCK activity, and modulate the mRNA expression of GCK in the liver. 28967662 4 13 theme % 417:417 arg1 carbohydrate 389:400 a total carbohydrate 381:400 a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81% 381:417 The EFPP had a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81%, uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% and protein of 0.58 ± 0.12%, with an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa and monosaccharide composition of Man, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal and Ara at a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24. 28967662 4 13 theme % 417:417 arg1 acid 427:430 uronic acid 420:430 uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% 420:446 The EFPP had a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81%, uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% and protein of 0.58 ± 0.12%, with an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa and monosaccharide composition of Man, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal and Ara at a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24. 28967662 4 13 theme % 417:417 arg1 protein 452:458 protein 452:458 protein 452:458 The EFPP had a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81%, uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% and protein of 0.58 ± 0.12%, with an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa and monosaccharide composition of Man, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal and Ara at a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24. 28967662 2 14 theme ferox 308:312 arg1 Salisb 314:319 Euryale ferox Salisb 300:319 Euryale ferox Salisb 300:319 The present study investigated the potential hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of polysaccharides extracted from the petioles and pedicels of Euryale ferox Salisb. 28967662 8 15 theme functional 1455:1464 arg1 foods 1466:1470 functional foods 1455:1470 functional foods 1455:1470 The results suggested that EFPP possess hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities, and could be a potential source of natural hypoglycemic and antioxidant agents for functional foods or complementary medicines. 28967662 0 16 theme Salisb 108:113 arg1 pedicels 82:89 pedicels 82:89 pedicels 82:89 The hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of polysaccharides from the petioles and pedicels of Euryale ferox Salisb. 28967662 0 16 theme Salisb 108:113 arg1 petioles 69:76 petioles 69:76 petioles 69:76 The hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of polysaccharides from the petioles and pedicels of Euryale ferox Salisb. 28967662 5 17 theme GCK 941:943 arg1 expression 927:936 the mRNA expression 918:936 the mRNA expression of GCK in the liver 918:956 Administration with EFPP, especially high dose EFPP, was beneficial to reverse body weight loss, reduce blood glucose levels, enhance serum insulin levels, improve oral glucose tolerance, increase hepatic glycogen content and GCK activity, and modulate the mRNA expression of GCK in the liver. 28967662 2 18 theme Euryale 300:306 arg1 Salisb 314:319 Euryale ferox Salisb 300:319 Euryale ferox Salisb 300:319 The present study investigated the potential hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of polysaccharides extracted from the petioles and pedicels of Euryale ferox Salisb. 28967662 5 19 theme glucose 775:781 arg1 levels 783:788 blood glucose levels 769:788 blood glucose levels 769:788 Administration with EFPP, especially high dose EFPP, was beneficial to reverse body weight loss, reduce blood glucose levels, enhance serum insulin levels, improve oral glucose tolerance, increase hepatic glycogen content and GCK activity, and modulate the mRNA expression of GCK in the liver. 28967662 2 20 dep petioles 275:282 arg1 the 271:273 the 271:273 the 271:273 The present study investigated the potential hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of polysaccharides extracted from the petioles and pedicels of Euryale ferox Salisb. 28967662 0 21 theme ferox 102:106 arg1 Salisb 108:113 Euryale ferox Salisb 94:113 Euryale ferox Salisb 94:113 The hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of polysaccharides from the petioles and pedicels of Euryale ferox Salisb. 28967662 6 22 theme CAT 1086:1088 arg1 activities 1067:1076 the activities 1063:1076 the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px 1063:1099 Meanwhile, EFPP had protective effects against alloxan-induced oxidative injury in mice, via increasing the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px and decreasing the MDA contents in the liver and kidney of the mice. 28967662 4 23 theme total 383:387 arg1 carbohydrate 389:400 a total carbohydrate 381:400 a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81% 381:417 The EFPP had a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81%, uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% and protein of 0.58 ± 0.12%, with an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa and monosaccharide composition of Man, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal and Ara at a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24. 28967662 5 24 theme oral 829:832 arg1 tolerance 842:850 oral glucose tolerance 829:850 oral glucose tolerance 829:850 Administration with EFPP, especially high dose EFPP, was beneficial to reverse body weight loss, reduce blood glucose levels, enhance serum insulin levels, improve oral glucose tolerance, increase hepatic glycogen content and GCK activity, and modulate the mRNA expression of GCK in the liver. 28967662 6 25 from injury 1032:1037 arg1 mice 1042:1045 mice 1042:1045 mice 1042:1045 Meanwhile, EFPP had protective effects against alloxan-induced oxidative injury in mice, via increasing the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px and decreasing the MDA contents in the liver and kidney of the mice. 28967662 6 26 theme mice 1164:1167 arg1 contents 1124:1131 the MDA contents 1116:1131 the MDA contents in the liver and kidney of the mice 1116:1167 Meanwhile, EFPP had protective effects against alloxan-induced oxidative injury in mice, via increasing the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px and decreasing the MDA contents in the liver and kidney of the mice. 28967662 0 27 theme hypoglycemic 4:15 arg1 effects 33:39 The hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects 0:39 The hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of polysaccharides from the petioles and pedicels of Euryale ferox Salisb. 0:114 The hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of polysaccharides from the petioles and pedicels of Euryale ferox Salisb. 28967662 0 28 from effects 33:39 arg1 pedicels 82:89 pedicels 82:89 pedicels 82:89 The hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of polysaccharides from the petioles and pedicels of Euryale ferox Salisb. 28967662 0 28 from effects 33:39 arg1 petioles 69:76 petioles 69:76 petioles 69:76 The hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of polysaccharides from the petioles and pedicels of Euryale ferox Salisb. 28967662 5 29 theme serum 799:803 arg1 levels 813:818 serum insulin levels 799:818 serum insulin levels 799:818 Administration with EFPP, especially high dose EFPP, was beneficial to reverse body weight loss, reduce blood glucose levels, enhance serum insulin levels, improve oral glucose tolerance, increase hepatic glycogen content and GCK activity, and modulate the mRNA expression of GCK in the liver. 28967662 7 30 theme histopathological 1260:1276 arg1 observation 1278:1288 histopathological observation 1260:1288 histopathological observation 1260:1288 EFPP ameliorated the damage in pancreas, kidney and liver tissues, which was confirmed by histopathological observation. 28967662 7 31 dep pancreas 1201:1208 arg1 tissues 1228:1234 tissues 1228:1234 tissues 1228:1234 EFPP ameliorated the damage in pancreas, kidney and liver tissues, which was confirmed by histopathological observation. 28967662 8 32 contain possess 1323:1329 arg1 EFPP 1318:1321 EFPP 1318:1321 EFPP 1318:1321 The results suggested that EFPP possess hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities, and could be a potential source of natural hypoglycemic and antioxidant agents for functional foods or complementary medicines. 28967662 8 32 contain possess 1323:1329 arg2 activities 1360:1369 hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities 1331:1369 hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities 1331:1369 The results suggested that EFPP possess hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities, and could be a potential source of natural hypoglycemic and antioxidant agents for functional foods or complementary medicines. 28967662 6 33 theme SOD 1081:1083 arg1 activities 1067:1076 the activities 1063:1076 the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px 1063:1099 Meanwhile, EFPP had protective effects against alloxan-induced oxidative injury in mice, via increasing the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px and decreasing the MDA contents in the liver and kidney of the mice. 28967662 5 34 theme weight 749:754 arg1 loss 756:759 body weight loss 744:759 body weight loss 744:759 Administration with EFPP, especially high dose EFPP, was beneficial to reverse body weight loss, reduce blood glucose levels, enhance serum insulin levels, improve oral glucose tolerance, increase hepatic glycogen content and GCK activity, and modulate the mRNA expression of GCK in the liver. 28967662 0 35 theme antioxidant 21:31 arg1 effects 33:39 The hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects 0:39 The hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of polysaccharides from the petioles and pedicels of Euryale ferox Salisb. 0:114 The hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of polysaccharides from the petioles and pedicels of Euryale ferox Salisb. 28967662 0 36 dep petioles 69:76 arg1 the 65:67 the 65:67 the 65:67 The hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of polysaccharides from the petioles and pedicels of Euryale ferox Salisb. 28967662 5 37 theme hepatic 862:868 arg1 content 879:885 hepatic glycogen content 862:885 hepatic glycogen content 862:885 Administration with EFPP, especially high dose EFPP, was beneficial to reverse body weight loss, reduce blood glucose levels, enhance serum insulin levels, improve oral glucose tolerance, increase hepatic glycogen content and GCK activity, and modulate the mRNA expression of GCK in the liver. 28967662 5 38 theme high 702:705 arg1 EFPP 712:715 especially high dose EFPP 691:715 especially high dose EFPP 691:715 Administration with EFPP, especially high dose EFPP, was beneficial to reverse body weight loss, reduce blood glucose levels, enhance serum insulin levels, improve oral glucose tolerance, increase hepatic glycogen content and GCK activity, and modulate the mRNA expression of GCK in the liver. 28967662 5 38 theme high 702:705 arg1 EFPP 685:688 EFPP 685:688 EFPP 685:688 Administration with EFPP, especially high dose EFPP, was beneficial to reverse body weight loss, reduce blood glucose levels, enhance serum insulin levels, improve oral glucose tolerance, increase hepatic glycogen content and GCK activity, and modulate the mRNA expression of GCK in the liver. 28967662 6 39 theme protective 979:988 arg1 effects 990:996 protective effects 979:996 protective effects 979:996 Meanwhile, EFPP had protective effects against alloxan-induced oxidative injury in mice, via increasing the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px and decreasing the MDA contents in the liver and kidney of the mice. 28967662 8 40 theme hypoglycemic 1331:1342 arg1 activities 1360:1369 hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities 1331:1369 hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities 1331:1369 The results suggested that EFPP possess hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities, and could be a potential source of natural hypoglycemic and antioxidant agents for functional foods or complementary medicines. 28967662 6 41 theme alloxan-induced 1006:1020 arg1 injury 1032:1037 alloxan-induced oxidative injury 1006:1037 alloxan-induced oxidative injury in mice 1006:1045 Meanwhile, EFPP had protective effects against alloxan-induced oxidative injury in mice, via increasing the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px and decreasing the MDA contents in the liver and kidney of the mice. 28967662 0 42 from pedicels 82:89 arg1 polysaccharides 44:58 polysaccharides 44:58 polysaccharides from the petioles and pedicels of Euryale ferox Salisb 44:113 The hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of polysaccharides from the petioles and pedicels of Euryale ferox Salisb. 28967662 0 42 from pedicels 82:89 arg1 effects 33:39 The hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects 0:39 The hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of polysaccharides from the petioles and pedicels of Euryale ferox Salisb. 0:114 The hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of polysaccharides from the petioles and pedicels of Euryale ferox Salisb. 28967662 5 43 theme insulin 805:811 arg1 levels 813:818 serum insulin levels 799:818 serum insulin levels 799:818 Administration with EFPP, especially high dose EFPP, was beneficial to reverse body weight loss, reduce blood glucose levels, enhance serum insulin levels, improve oral glucose tolerance, increase hepatic glycogen content and GCK activity, and modulate the mRNA expression of GCK in the liver. 28967662 7 44 from damage 1191:1196 arg1 kidney 1211:1216 kidney 1211:1216 kidney 1211:1216 EFPP ameliorated the damage in pancreas, kidney and liver tissues, which was confirmed by histopathological observation. 28967662 7 44 from damage 1191:1196 arg1 pancreas 1201:1208 pancreas 1201:1208 pancreas 1201:1208 EFPP ameliorated the damage in pancreas, kidney and liver tissues, which was confirmed by histopathological observation. 28967662 7 44 from damage 1191:1196 arg1 liver 1222:1226 liver 1222:1226 liver 1222:1226 EFPP ameliorated the damage in pancreas, kidney and liver tissues, which was confirmed by histopathological observation. 28967662 5 45 theme dose 707:710 arg1 EFPP 712:715 especially high dose EFPP 691:715 especially high dose EFPP 691:715 Administration with EFPP, especially high dose EFPP, was beneficial to reverse body weight loss, reduce blood glucose levels, enhance serum insulin levels, improve oral glucose tolerance, increase hepatic glycogen content and GCK activity, and modulate the mRNA expression of GCK in the liver. 28967662 5 45 theme dose 707:710 arg1 EFPP 685:688 EFPP 685:688 EFPP 685:688 Administration with EFPP, especially high dose EFPP, was beneficial to reverse body weight loss, reduce blood glucose levels, enhance serum insulin levels, improve oral glucose tolerance, increase hepatic glycogen content and GCK activity, and modulate the mRNA expression of GCK in the liver. 28967662 4 46 theme molar 609:613 arg1 ratio 615:619 a molar ratio 607:619 a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24 607:662 The EFPP had a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81%, uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% and protein of 0.58 ± 0.12%, with an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa and monosaccharide composition of Man, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal and Ara at a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24. 28967662 5 47 theme GCK 891:893 arg1 activity 895:902 GCK activity 891:902 GCK activity 891:902 Administration with EFPP, especially high dose EFPP, was beneficial to reverse body weight loss, reduce blood glucose levels, enhance serum insulin levels, improve oral glucose tolerance, increase hepatic glycogen content and GCK activity, and modulate the mRNA expression of GCK in the liver. 28967662 4 48 theme ± 440:440 arg1 % 446:446 4.56 ± 0.62% 435:446 4.56 ± 0.62% 435:446 The EFPP had a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81%, uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% and protein of 0.58 ± 0.12%, with an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa and monosaccharide composition of Man, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal and Ara at a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24. 28967662 8 49 theme complementary 1475:1487 arg1 medicines 1489:1497 complementary medicines 1475:1497 complementary medicines 1475:1497 The results suggested that EFPP possess hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities, and could be a potential source of natural hypoglycemic and antioxidant agents for functional foods or complementary medicines. 28967662 6 50 from contents 1124:1131 arg1 kidney 1150:1155 kidney 1150:1155 kidney 1150:1155 Meanwhile, EFPP had protective effects against alloxan-induced oxidative injury in mice, via increasing the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px and decreasing the MDA contents in the liver and kidney of the mice. 28967662 6 50 from contents 1124:1131 arg1 liver 1140:1144 liver 1140:1144 liver 1140:1144 Meanwhile, EFPP had protective effects against alloxan-induced oxidative injury in mice, via increasing the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px and decreasing the MDA contents in the liver and kidney of the mice. 28967662 3 51 dep mice 362:365 arg1 EFPP 323:326 EFPP 323:326 EFPP 323:326 (EFPP) on alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice. 28967662 0 52 from petioles 69:76 arg1 polysaccharides 44:58 polysaccharides 44:58 polysaccharides from the petioles and pedicels of Euryale ferox Salisb 44:113 The hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of polysaccharides from the petioles and pedicels of Euryale ferox Salisb. 28967662 0 52 from petioles 69:76 arg1 effects 33:39 The hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects 0:39 The hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of polysaccharides from the petioles and pedicels of Euryale ferox Salisb. 0:114 The hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of polysaccharides from the petioles and pedicels of Euryale ferox Salisb. 28967662 5 53 theme blood 769:773 arg1 levels 783:788 blood glucose levels 769:788 blood glucose levels 769:788 Administration with EFPP, especially high dose EFPP, was beneficial to reverse body weight loss, reduce blood glucose levels, enhance serum insulin levels, improve oral glucose tolerance, increase hepatic glycogen content and GCK activity, and modulate the mRNA expression of GCK in the liver. 28967662 8 54 theme potential 1387:1395 arg1 source 1397:1402 a potential source 1385:1402 a potential source of natural hypoglycemic and antioxidant agents for functional foods or complementary medicines 1385:1497 The results suggested that EFPP possess hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities, and could be a potential source of natural hypoglycemic and antioxidant agents for functional foods or complementary medicines. 28967662 2 55 theme polysaccharides 240:254 arg1 effects 229:235 the potential hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects 186:235 the potential hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of polysaccharides extracted from the petioles and pedicels of Euryale ferox Salisb 186:319 The present study investigated the potential hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of polysaccharides extracted from the petioles and pedicels of Euryale ferox Salisb. 28967662 6 56 theme oxidative 1022:1030 arg1 injury 1032:1037 alloxan-induced oxidative injury 1006:1037 alloxan-induced oxidative injury in mice 1006:1045 Meanwhile, EFPP had protective effects against alloxan-induced oxidative injury in mice, via increasing the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px and decreasing the MDA contents in the liver and kidney of the mice. 28967662 0 57 theme polysaccharides 44:58 arg1 effects 33:39 The hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects 0:39 The hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of polysaccharides from the petioles and pedicels of Euryale ferox Salisb. 0:114 The hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of polysaccharides from the petioles and pedicels of Euryale ferox Salisb. 28967662 4 58 theme molecular 493:501 arg1 weight 503:508 an average molecular weight 482:508 an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa 482:535 The EFPP had a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81%, uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% and protein of 0.58 ± 0.12%, with an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa and monosaccharide composition of Man, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal and Ara at a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24. 28967662 4 59 theme uronic 420:425 arg1 acid 427:430 uronic acid 420:430 uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% 420:446 The EFPP had a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81%, uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% and protein of 0.58 ± 0.12%, with an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa and monosaccharide composition of Man, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal and Ara at a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24. 28967662 4 60 theme % 446:446 arg1 carbohydrate 389:400 a total carbohydrate 381:400 a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81% 381:417 The EFPP had a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81%, uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% and protein of 0.58 ± 0.12%, with an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa and monosaccharide composition of Man, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal and Ara at a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24. 28967662 4 60 theme % 446:446 arg1 acid 427:430 uronic acid 420:430 uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% 420:446 The EFPP had a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81%, uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% and protein of 0.58 ± 0.12%, with an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa and monosaccharide composition of Man, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal and Ara at a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24. 28967662 4 60 theme % 446:446 arg1 protein 452:458 protein 452:458 protein 452:458 The EFPP had a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81%, uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% and protein of 0.58 ± 0.12%, with an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa and monosaccharide composition of Man, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal and Ara at a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24. 28967662 8 61 theme agents 1444:1449 arg1 source 1397:1402 a potential source 1385:1402 a potential source of natural hypoglycemic and antioxidant agents for functional foods or complementary medicines 1385:1497 The results suggested that EFPP possess hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities, and could be a potential source of natural hypoglycemic and antioxidant agents for functional foods or complementary medicines. 28967662 4 62 theme average 485:491 arg1 weight 503:508 an average molecular weight 482:508 an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa 482:535 The EFPP had a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81%, uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% and protein of 0.58 ± 0.12%, with an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa and monosaccharide composition of Man, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal and Ara at a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24. 28967662 6 63 contain had 975:977 arg2 effects 990:996 protective effects 979:996 protective effects 979:996 Meanwhile, EFPP had protective effects against alloxan-induced oxidative injury in mice, via increasing the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px and decreasing the MDA contents in the liver and kidney of the mice. 28967662 6 63 contain had 975:977 arg1 EFPP 970:973 EFPP 970:973 EFPP 970:973 Meanwhile, EFPP had protective effects against alloxan-induced oxidative injury in mice, via increasing the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px and decreasing the MDA contents in the liver and kidney of the mice. 28967662 6 63 contain had 975:977 arg1 Meanwhile 959:967 Meanwhile 959:967 Meanwhile 959:967 Meanwhile, EFPP had protective effects against alloxan-induced oxidative injury in mice, via increasing the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px and decreasing the MDA contents in the liver and kidney of the mice. 28967662 2 64 theme antioxidant 217:227 arg1 effects 229:235 the potential hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects 186:235 the potential hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of polysaccharides extracted from the petioles and pedicels of Euryale ferox Salisb 186:319 The present study investigated the potential hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of polysaccharides extracted from the petioles and pedicels of Euryale ferox Salisb. 28967662 5 65 theme glucose 834:840 arg1 tolerance 842:850 oral glucose tolerance 829:850 oral glucose tolerance 829:850 Administration with EFPP, especially high dose EFPP, was beneficial to reverse body weight loss, reduce blood glucose levels, enhance serum insulin levels, improve oral glucose tolerance, increase hepatic glycogen content and GCK activity, and modulate the mRNA expression of GCK in the liver. 28967662 5 66 theme glycogen 870:877 arg1 content 879:885 hepatic glycogen content 862:885 hepatic glycogen content 862:885 Administration with EFPP, especially high dose EFPP, was beneficial to reverse body weight loss, reduce blood glucose levels, enhance serum insulin levels, improve oral glucose tolerance, increase hepatic glycogen content and GCK activity, and modulate the mRNA expression of GCK in the liver. 28967662 1 67 theme alloxan-induced 119:133 arg1 mice 149:152 alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice 119:152 alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice 119:152 on alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice. 28967662 4 68 dep ratio 615:619 arg1  0.41  644:649  0.41  644:649  0.41  644:649 The EFPP had a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81%, uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% and protein of 0.58 ± 0.12%, with an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa and monosaccharide composition of Man, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal and Ara at a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24. 28967662 4 68 dep ratio 615:619 arg1  9.57  637:642  9.57  637:642  9.57  637:642 The EFPP had a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81%, uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% and protein of 0.58 ± 0.12%, with an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa and monosaccharide composition of Man, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal and Ara at a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24. 28967662 4 68 dep ratio 615:619 arg1  0.01  630:635  0.01  630:635  0.01  630:635 The EFPP had a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81%, uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% and protein of 0.58 ± 0.12%, with an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa and monosaccharide composition of Man, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal and Ara at a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24. 28967662 4 68 dep ratio 615:619 arg1  0.24 658:662  0.24 658:662  0.24 658:662 The EFPP had a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81%, uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% and protein of 0.58 ± 0.12%, with an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa and monosaccharide composition of Man, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal and Ara at a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24. 28967662 4 68 dep ratio 615:619 arg1  1.00  651:656  1.00  651:656  1.00  651:656 The EFPP had a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81%, uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% and protein of 0.58 ± 0.12%, with an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa and monosaccharide composition of Man, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal and Ara at a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24. 28967662 8 69 theme hypoglycemic 1415:1426 arg1 agents 1444:1449 natural hypoglycemic and antioxidant agents 1407:1449 natural hypoglycemic and antioxidant agents 1407:1449 The results suggested that EFPP possess hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities, and could be a potential source of natural hypoglycemic and antioxidant agents for functional foods or complementary medicines. 28967662 6 70 theme MDA 1120:1122 arg1 contents 1124:1131 the MDA contents 1116:1131 the MDA contents in the liver and kidney of the mice 1116:1167 Meanwhile, EFPP had protective effects against alloxan-induced oxidative injury in mice, via increasing the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px and decreasing the MDA contents in the liver and kidney of the mice. 28967662 4 71 theme 0.12  624:628 arg1 ratio 615:619 a molar ratio 607:619 a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24 607:662 The EFPP had a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81%, uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% and protein of 0.58 ± 0.12%, with an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa and monosaccharide composition of Man, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal and Ara at a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24. 28967662 1 72 theme hyperglycemic 135:147 arg1 mice 149:152 alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice 119:152 alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice 119:152 on alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice. 28967662 4 73 from ratio 615:619 arg1 weight 503:508 an average molecular weight 482:508 an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa 482:535 The EFPP had a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81%, uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% and protein of 0.58 ± 0.12%, with an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa and monosaccharide composition of Man, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal and Ara at a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24. 28967662 4 73 from ratio 615:619 arg1 Rha 582:584 Rha 582:584 Rha 582:584 The EFPP had a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81%, uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% and protein of 0.58 ± 0.12%, with an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa and monosaccharide composition of Man, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal and Ara at a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24. 28967662 4 73 from ratio 615:619 arg1 Ara 600:602 Ara 600:602 Ara 600:602 The EFPP had a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81%, uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% and protein of 0.58 ± 0.12%, with an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa and monosaccharide composition of Man, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal and Ara at a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24. 28967662 4 73 from ratio 615:619 arg1 composition 556:566 monosaccharide composition 541:566 monosaccharide composition 541:566 The EFPP had a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81%, uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% and protein of 0.58 ± 0.12%, with an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa and monosaccharide composition of Man, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal and Ara at a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24. 28967662 4 73 from ratio 615:619 arg1 Glc 587:589 Glc 587:589 Glc 587:589 The EFPP had a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81%, uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% and protein of 0.58 ± 0.12%, with an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa and monosaccharide composition of Man, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal and Ara at a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24. 28967662 4 73 from ratio 615:619 arg1 Gal 592:594 Gal 592:594 Gal 592:594 The EFPP had a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81%, uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% and protein of 0.58 ± 0.12%, with an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa and monosaccharide composition of Man, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal and Ara at a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24. 28967662 4 74 theme monosaccharide 541:554 arg1 composition 556:566 monosaccharide composition 541:566 monosaccharide composition 541:566 The EFPP had a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81%, uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% and protein of 0.58 ± 0.12%, with an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa and monosaccharide composition of Man, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal and Ara at a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24. 28967662 3 75 theme hyperglycemic 348:360 arg1 mice 362:365 alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice 332:365 alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice 332:365 (EFPP) on alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice. 28967662 2 76 theme hypoglycemic 200:211 arg1 effects 229:235 the potential hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects 186:235 the potential hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of polysaccharides extracted from the petioles and pedicels of Euryale ferox Salisb 186:319 The present study investigated the potential hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of polysaccharides extracted from the petioles and pedicels of Euryale ferox Salisb. 28967662 5 77 theme body 744:747 arg1 loss 756:759 body weight loss 744:759 body weight loss 744:759 Administration with EFPP, especially high dose EFPP, was beneficial to reverse body weight loss, reduce blood glucose levels, enhance serum insulin levels, improve oral glucose tolerance, increase hepatic glycogen content and GCK activity, and modulate the mRNA expression of GCK in the liver. 28967662 4 78 theme Man 571:573 arg1 weight 503:508 an average molecular weight 482:508 an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa 482:535 The EFPP had a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81%, uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% and protein of 0.58 ± 0.12%, with an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa and monosaccharide composition of Man, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal and Ara at a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24. 28967662 4 78 theme Man 571:573 arg1 Rha 582:584 Rha 582:584 Rha 582:584 The EFPP had a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81%, uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% and protein of 0.58 ± 0.12%, with an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa and monosaccharide composition of Man, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal and Ara at a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24. 28967662 4 78 theme Man 571:573 arg1 Ara 600:602 Ara 600:602 Ara 600:602 The EFPP had a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81%, uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% and protein of 0.58 ± 0.12%, with an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa and monosaccharide composition of Man, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal and Ara at a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24. 28967662 4 78 theme Man 571:573 arg1 composition 556:566 monosaccharide composition 541:566 monosaccharide composition 541:566 The EFPP had a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81%, uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% and protein of 0.58 ± 0.12%, with an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa and monosaccharide composition of Man, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal and Ara at a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24. 28967662 4 78 theme Man 571:573 arg1 Glc 587:589 Glc 587:589 Glc 587:589 The EFPP had a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81%, uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% and protein of 0.58 ± 0.12%, with an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa and monosaccharide composition of Man, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal and Ara at a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24. 28967662 4 78 theme Man 571:573 arg1 Gal 592:594 Gal 592:594 Gal 592:594 The EFPP had a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81%, uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% and protein of 0.58 ± 0.12%, with an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa and monosaccharide composition of Man, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal and Ara at a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24. 28967662 8 79 theme natural 1407:1413 arg1 agents 1444:1449 natural hypoglycemic and antioxidant agents 1407:1449 natural hypoglycemic and antioxidant agents 1407:1449 The results suggested that EFPP possess hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities, and could be a potential source of natural hypoglycemic and antioxidant agents for functional foods or complementary medicines. 28967662 4 80 from kDa 520:522 arg1 weight 503:508 an average molecular weight 482:508 an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa 482:535 The EFPP had a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81%, uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% and protein of 0.58 ± 0.12%, with an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa and monosaccharide composition of Man, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal and Ara at a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24. 28967662 4 80 from kDa 520:522 arg1 Rha 582:584 Rha 582:584 Rha 582:584 The EFPP had a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81%, uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% and protein of 0.58 ± 0.12%, with an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa and monosaccharide composition of Man, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal and Ara at a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24. 28967662 4 80 from kDa 520:522 arg1 Ara 600:602 Ara 600:602 Ara 600:602 The EFPP had a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81%, uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% and protein of 0.58 ± 0.12%, with an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa and monosaccharide composition of Man, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal and Ara at a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24. 28967662 4 80 from kDa 520:522 arg1 composition 556:566 monosaccharide composition 541:566 monosaccharide composition 541:566 The EFPP had a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81%, uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% and protein of 0.58 ± 0.12%, with an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa and monosaccharide composition of Man, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal and Ara at a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24. 28967662 4 80 from kDa 520:522 arg1 Glc 587:589 Glc 587:589 Glc 587:589 The EFPP had a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81%, uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% and protein of 0.58 ± 0.12%, with an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa and monosaccharide composition of Man, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal and Ara at a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24. 28967662 4 80 from kDa 520:522 arg1 Gal 592:594 Gal 592:594 Gal 592:594 The EFPP had a total carbohydrate of 65.72 ± 2.81%, uronic acid of 4.56 ± 0.62% and protein of 0.58 ± 0.12%, with an average molecular weight from 1.02 kDa to 11.45 kDa and monosaccharide composition of Man, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal and Ara at a molar ratio of 0.12 : 0.01 : 9.57 : 0.41 : 1.00 : 0.24. 28967662 5 81 from expression 927:936 arg1 liver 952:956 the liver 948:956 the liver 948:956 Administration with EFPP, especially high dose EFPP, was beneficial to reverse body weight loss, reduce blood glucose levels, enhance serum insulin levels, improve oral glucose tolerance, increase hepatic glycogen content and GCK activity, and modulate the mRNA expression of GCK in the liver. 25863221 8 0 theme teichoic 1043:1050 arg1 acids 1052:1056 teichoic acids 1043:1056 teichoic acids 1043:1056 In contrast to Gram-negative bacteria, the presence of teichoic acids is unique to Gram-positive bacterial cell wall and provides negatively charged sites for cationic QDs along the chain of teichoic-acid molecules, which may protect QDs from aggregation and fluorescence quenching. 25863221 0 1 from interaction 14:24 arg1 surfaces 64:71 bacterial surfaces 54:71 bacterial surfaces 54:71 Adherence and interaction of cationic quantum dots on bacterial surfaces. 25863221 8 2 theme cell 1095:1098 arg1 wall 1100:1103 Gram-positive bacterial cell wall 1071:1103 Gram-positive bacterial cell wall 1071:1103 In contrast to Gram-negative bacteria, the presence of teichoic acids is unique to Gram-positive bacterial cell wall and provides negatively charged sites for cationic QDs along the chain of teichoic-acid molecules, which may protect QDs from aggregation and fluorescence quenching. 25863221 7 3 theme QDs 983:985 arg1 quenching 961:969 fluorescence quenching 948:969 fluorescence quenching of cationic QDs 948:985 The effects of lipopolysaccharide were proved on fluorescence quenching of cationic QDs. 25863221 8 4 dep bacteria 1017:1024 arg1 contrast 991:998 contrast 991:998 contrast 991:998 In contrast to Gram-negative bacteria, the presence of teichoic acids is unique to Gram-positive bacterial cell wall and provides negatively charged sites for cationic QDs along the chain of teichoic-acid molecules, which may protect QDs from aggregation and fluorescence quenching. 25863221 8 5 theme fluorescence 1247:1258 arg1 quenching 1260:1268 fluorescence quenching 1247:1268 fluorescence quenching 1247:1268 In contrast to Gram-negative bacteria, the presence of teichoic acids is unique to Gram-positive bacterial cell wall and provides negatively charged sites for cationic QDs along the chain of teichoic-acid molecules, which may protect QDs from aggregation and fluorescence quenching. 25863221 0 6 from Adherence 0:8 arg1 surfaces 64:71 bacterial surfaces 54:71 bacterial surfaces 54:71 Adherence and interaction of cationic quantum dots on bacterial surfaces. 25863221 5 7 theme fluorescence 646:657 arg1 quenching 659:667 fluorescence quenching 646:667 bacterial surface as well as fluorescence quenching 617:667 The aggregation of QDs on bacterial surface as well as fluorescence quenching depends upon the chemical composition and structure of the bacterial cell envelopes. 25863221 2 8 theme optical 315:321 arg1 properties 323:332 unique optical properties 308:332 unique optical properties 308:332 Quantum dots (QDs) are specific nanoparticles with unique optical properties and high photochemical stability. 25863221 2 9 theme photochemical 343:355 arg1 stability 357:365 high photochemical stability 338:365 high photochemical stability 338:365 Quantum dots (QDs) are specific nanoparticles with unique optical properties and high photochemical stability. 25863221 9 10 theme new 1376:1378 arg1 avenue 1380:1385 a new avenue 1374:1385 a new avenue for designing and applying QDs as biosensors in microbiology, medicine, and environmental science 1374:1483 This study may not only provide insight into behaviors of QDs on bacterial cell surfaces but also open a new avenue for designing and applying QDs as biosensors in microbiology, medicine, and environmental science. 25863221 3 11 theme direct 390:395 arg1 interactions 397:408 direct interactions 390:408 direct interactions 390:408 In the present study, direct interactions were observed between cationic QDs and bacteria. 25863221 8 12 theme charged 1129:1135 arg1 sites 1137:1141 negatively charged sites 1118:1141 negatively charged sites 1118:1141 In contrast to Gram-negative bacteria, the presence of teichoic acids is unique to Gram-positive bacterial cell wall and provides negatively charged sites for cationic QDs along the chain of teichoic-acid molecules, which may protect QDs from aggregation and fluorescence quenching. 25863221 6 13 theme cationic 885:892 arg1 QDs 894:896 cationic QDs 885:896 cationic QDs 885:896 The presence of lipopolysaccharide is unique to Gram-negative bacterial surface and provides negatively charge areas for absorbing cationic QDs. 25863221 2 14 theme unique 308:313 arg1 properties 323:332 unique optical properties 308:332 unique optical properties 308:332 Quantum dots (QDs) are specific nanoparticles with unique optical properties and high photochemical stability. 25863221 6 15 theme lipopolysaccharide 770:787 arg1 presence 758:765 The presence 754:765 The presence of lipopolysaccharide 754:787 The presence of lipopolysaccharide is unique to Gram-negative bacterial surface and provides negatively charge areas for absorbing cationic QDs. 25863221 6 15 theme lipopolysaccharide 770:787 arg1 unique 792:797 unique 792:797 unique 792:797 The presence of lipopolysaccharide is unique to Gram-negative bacterial surface and provides negatively charge areas for absorbing cationic QDs. 25863221 3 16 theme present 375:381 arg1 study 383:387 the present study 371:387 the present study 371:387 In the present study, direct interactions were observed between cationic QDs and bacteria. 25863221 4 17 theme cationic 520:527 arg1 QDs 529:531 cationic QDs 520:531 cationic QDs 520:531 Distinct fluorescence quenching patterns were developed when cationic QDs interacted with Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. 25863221 8 18 theme cationic 1147:1154 arg1 QDs 1156:1158 cationic QDs 1147:1158 cationic QDs along the chain of teichoic-acid molecules 1147:1201 In contrast to Gram-negative bacteria, the presence of teichoic acids is unique to Gram-positive bacterial cell wall and provides negatively charged sites for cationic QDs along the chain of teichoic-acid molecules, which may protect QDs from aggregation and fluorescence quenching. 25863221 7 19 theme fluorescence 948:959 arg1 quenching 961:969 fluorescence quenching 948:969 fluorescence quenching of cationic QDs 948:985 The effects of lipopolysaccharide were proved on fluorescence quenching of cationic QDs. 25863221 9 20 from biosensors 1421:1430 arg1 microbiology 1435:1446 microbiology 1435:1446 microbiology 1435:1446 This study may not only provide insight into behaviors of QDs on bacterial cell surfaces but also open a new avenue for designing and applying QDs as biosensors in microbiology, medicine, and environmental science. 25863221 9 20 from biosensors 1421:1430 arg1 science 1477:1483 science 1477:1483 science 1477:1483 This study may not only provide insight into behaviors of QDs on bacterial cell surfaces but also open a new avenue for designing and applying QDs as biosensors in microbiology, medicine, and environmental science. 25863221 9 20 from biosensors 1421:1430 arg1 medicine 1449:1456 medicine 1449:1456 medicine 1449:1456 This study may not only provide insight into behaviors of QDs on bacterial cell surfaces but also open a new avenue for designing and applying QDs as biosensors in microbiology, medicine, and environmental science. 25863221 5 21 theme bacterial 617:625 arg1 surface 627:633 bacterial surface 617:633 bacterial surface as well as fluorescence quenching 617:667 The aggregation of QDs on bacterial surface as well as fluorescence quenching depends upon the chemical composition and structure of the bacterial cell envelopes. 25863221 9 22 from behaviors 1316:1324 arg1 surfaces 1351:1358 bacterial cell surfaces 1336:1358 bacterial cell surfaces 1336:1358 This study may not only provide insight into behaviors of QDs on bacterial cell surfaces but also open a new avenue for designing and applying QDs as biosensors in microbiology, medicine, and environmental science. 25863221 5 23 theme chemical 686:693 arg1 composition 695:705 chemical composition 686:705 chemical composition 686:705 The aggregation of QDs on bacterial surface as well as fluorescence quenching depends upon the chemical composition and structure of the bacterial cell envelopes. 25863221 8 24 theme bacterial 1085:1093 arg1 wall 1100:1103 Gram-positive bacterial cell wall 1071:1103 Gram-positive bacterial cell wall 1071:1103 In contrast to Gram-negative bacteria, the presence of teichoic acids is unique to Gram-positive bacterial cell wall and provides negatively charged sites for cationic QDs along the chain of teichoic-acid molecules, which may protect QDs from aggregation and fluorescence quenching. 25863221 1 25 theme molecular 88:96 arg1 mechanisms 98:107 molecular mechanisms 88:107 molecular mechanisms of interactions between nanoparticles and bacteria 88:158 Understanding molecular mechanisms of interactions between nanoparticles and bacteria is important and essential to develop nanotechnology for medical and environmental applications. 25863221 8 26 theme molecules 1193:1201 arg1 chain 1170:1174 the chain 1166:1174 the chain of teichoic-acid molecules 1166:1201 In contrast to Gram-negative bacteria, the presence of teichoic acids is unique to Gram-positive bacterial cell wall and provides negatively charged sites for cationic QDs along the chain of teichoic-acid molecules, which may protect QDs from aggregation and fluorescence quenching. 25863221 6 27 theme charge 858:863 arg1 areas 865:869 negatively charge areas 847:869 negatively charge areas 847:869 The presence of lipopolysaccharide is unique to Gram-negative bacterial surface and provides negatively charge areas for absorbing cationic QDs. 25863221 2 28 theme high 338:341 arg1 stability 357:365 high photochemical stability 338:365 high photochemical stability 338:365 Quantum dots (QDs) are specific nanoparticles with unique optical properties and high photochemical stability. 25863221 7 29 theme lipopolysaccharide 914:931 arg1 effects 903:909 The effects 899:909 The effects of lipopolysaccharide 899:931 The effects of lipopolysaccharide were proved on fluorescence quenching of cationic QDs. 25863221 1 30 theme medical 217:223 arg1 applications 243:254 medical and environmental applications 217:254 medical and environmental applications 217:254 Understanding molecular mechanisms of interactions between nanoparticles and bacteria is important and essential to develop nanotechnology for medical and environmental applications. 25863221 1 31 theme interactions 112:123 arg1 mechanisms 98:107 molecular mechanisms 88:107 molecular mechanisms of interactions between nanoparticles and bacteria 88:158 Understanding molecular mechanisms of interactions between nanoparticles and bacteria is important and essential to develop nanotechnology for medical and environmental applications. 25863221 0 32 theme quantum 38:44 arg1 dots 46:49 cationic quantum dots 29:49 cationic quantum dots 29:49 Adherence and interaction of cationic quantum dots on bacterial surfaces. 25863221 8 33 theme teichoic-acid 1179:1191 arg1 molecules 1193:1201 teichoic-acid molecules 1179:1201 teichoic-acid molecules 1179:1201 In contrast to Gram-negative bacteria, the presence of teichoic acids is unique to Gram-positive bacterial cell wall and provides negatively charged sites for cationic QDs along the chain of teichoic-acid molecules, which may protect QDs from aggregation and fluorescence quenching. 25863221 5 34 from aggregation 595:605 arg1 quenching 659:667 fluorescence quenching 646:667 bacterial surface as well as fluorescence quenching 617:667 The aggregation of QDs on bacterial surface as well as fluorescence quenching depends upon the chemical composition and structure of the bacterial cell envelopes. 25863221 5 34 from aggregation 595:605 arg1 surface 627:633 bacterial surface 617:633 bacterial surface as well as fluorescence quenching 617:667 The aggregation of QDs on bacterial surface as well as fluorescence quenching depends upon the chemical composition and structure of the bacterial cell envelopes. 25863221 9 35 from QDs 1329:1331 arg1 surfaces 1351:1358 bacterial cell surfaces 1336:1358 bacterial cell surfaces 1336:1358 This study may not only provide insight into behaviors of QDs on bacterial cell surfaces but also open a new avenue for designing and applying QDs as biosensors in microbiology, medicine, and environmental science. 25863221 1 36 theme environmental 229:241 arg1 applications 243:254 medical and environmental applications 217:254 medical and environmental applications 217:254 Understanding molecular mechanisms of interactions between nanoparticles and bacteria is important and essential to develop nanotechnology for medical and environmental applications. 25863221 0 37 theme cationic 29:36 arg1 dots 46:49 cationic quantum dots 29:49 cationic quantum dots 29:49 Adherence and interaction of cationic quantum dots on bacterial surfaces. 25863221 8 38 theme Gram-positive 1071:1083 arg1 wall 1100:1103 Gram-positive bacterial cell wall 1071:1103 Gram-positive bacterial cell wall 1071:1103 In contrast to Gram-negative bacteria, the presence of teichoic acids is unique to Gram-positive bacterial cell wall and provides negatively charged sites for cationic QDs along the chain of teichoic-acid molecules, which may protect QDs from aggregation and fluorescence quenching. 25863221 5 39 dep composition 695:705 arg1 the 682:684 the 682:684 the 682:684 The aggregation of QDs on bacterial surface as well as fluorescence quenching depends upon the chemical composition and structure of the bacterial cell envelopes. 25863221 9 40 theme QDs 1329:1331 arg1 behaviors 1316:1324 behaviors 1316:1324 behaviors of QDs on bacterial cell surfaces 1316:1358 This study may not only provide insight into behaviors of QDs on bacterial cell surfaces but also open a new avenue for designing and applying QDs as biosensors in microbiology, medicine, and environmental science. 25863221 3 41 theme cationic 432:439 arg1 QDs 441:443 cationic QDs 432:443 cationic QDs 432:443 In the present study, direct interactions were observed between cationic QDs and bacteria. 25863221 4 42 theme positive 572:579 arg1 bacteria 581:588 Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria 549:588 Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria 549:588 Distinct fluorescence quenching patterns were developed when cationic QDs interacted with Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. 25863221 5 43 theme bacterial 728:736 arg1 envelopes 743:751 the bacterial cell envelopes 724:751 the bacterial cell envelopes 724:751 The aggregation of QDs on bacterial surface as well as fluorescence quenching depends upon the chemical composition and structure of the bacterial cell envelopes. 25863221 2 44 theme Quantum 257:263 arg1 dots 265:268 Quantum dots 257:268 Quantum dots (QDs) 257:274 Quantum dots (QDs) are specific nanoparticles with unique optical properties and high photochemical stability. 25863221 2 44 theme Quantum 257:263 arg1 nanoparticles 289:301 specific nanoparticles 280:301 specific nanoparticles with unique optical properties and high photochemical stability 280:365 Quantum dots (QDs) are specific nanoparticles with unique optical properties and high photochemical stability. 25863221 2 44 theme Quantum 257:263 arg1 QDs 271:273 QDs 271:273 QDs 271:273 Quantum dots (QDs) are specific nanoparticles with unique optical properties and high photochemical stability. 25863221 8 45 theme Gram-negative 1003:1015 arg1 bacteria 1017:1024 Gram-negative bacteria 1003:1024 Gram-negative bacteria 1003:1024 In contrast to Gram-negative bacteria, the presence of teichoic acids is unique to Gram-positive bacterial cell wall and provides negatively charged sites for cationic QDs along the chain of teichoic-acid molecules, which may protect QDs from aggregation and fluorescence quenching. 25863221 0 46 theme dots 46:49 arg1 interaction 14:24 interaction 14:24 interaction 14:24 Adherence and interaction of cationic quantum dots on bacterial surfaces. 25863221 0 46 theme dots 46:49 arg1 Adherence 0:8 Adherence 0:8 Adherence 0:8 Adherence and interaction of cationic quantum dots on bacterial surfaces. 25863221 9 47 theme bacterial 1336:1344 arg1 surfaces 1351:1358 bacterial cell surfaces 1336:1358 bacterial cell surfaces 1336:1358 This study may not only provide insight into behaviors of QDs on bacterial cell surfaces but also open a new avenue for designing and applying QDs as biosensors in microbiology, medicine, and environmental science. 25863221 5 48 theme cell 738:741 arg1 envelopes 743:751 the bacterial cell envelopes 724:751 the bacterial cell envelopes 724:751 The aggregation of QDs on bacterial surface as well as fluorescence quenching depends upon the chemical composition and structure of the bacterial cell envelopes. 25863221 4 49 theme Distinct 459:466 arg1 patterns 491:498 Distinct fluorescence quenching patterns 459:498 Distinct fluorescence quenching patterns 459:498 Distinct fluorescence quenching patterns were developed when cationic QDs interacted with Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. 25863221 9 50 theme cell 1346:1349 arg1 surfaces 1351:1358 bacterial cell surfaces 1336:1358 bacterial cell surfaces 1336:1358 This study may not only provide insight into behaviors of QDs on bacterial cell surfaces but also open a new avenue for designing and applying QDs as biosensors in microbiology, medicine, and environmental science. 25863221 5 51 theme QDs 610:612 arg1 aggregation 595:605 The aggregation 591:605 The aggregation of QDs on bacterial surface as well as fluorescence quenching 591:667 The aggregation of QDs on bacterial surface as well as fluorescence quenching depends upon the chemical composition and structure of the bacterial cell envelopes. 25863221 5 52 theme envelopes 743:751 arg1 structure 711:719 structure 711:719 structure 711:719 The aggregation of QDs on bacterial surface as well as fluorescence quenching depends upon the chemical composition and structure of the bacterial cell envelopes. 25863221 5 52 theme envelopes 743:751 arg1 composition 695:705 chemical composition 686:705 chemical composition 686:705 The aggregation of QDs on bacterial surface as well as fluorescence quenching depends upon the chemical composition and structure of the bacterial cell envelopes. 25863221 3 53 located observed 415:422 arg1 study 383:387 the present study 371:387 the present study 371:387 In the present study, direct interactions were observed between cationic QDs and bacteria. 25863221 3 53 located observed 415:422 arg2 interactions 397:408 direct interactions 390:408 direct interactions 390:408 In the present study, direct interactions were observed between cationic QDs and bacteria. 25863221 2 54 theme specific 280:287 arg1 dots 265:268 Quantum dots 257:268 Quantum dots (QDs) 257:274 Quantum dots (QDs) are specific nanoparticles with unique optical properties and high photochemical stability. 25863221 2 54 theme specific 280:287 arg1 nanoparticles 289:301 specific nanoparticles 280:301 specific nanoparticles with unique optical properties and high photochemical stability 280:365 Quantum dots (QDs) are specific nanoparticles with unique optical properties and high photochemical stability. 25863221 6 55 theme bacterial 816:824 arg1 surface 826:832 Gram-negative bacterial surface 802:832 Gram-negative bacterial surface 802:832 The presence of lipopolysaccharide is unique to Gram-negative bacterial surface and provides negatively charge areas for absorbing cationic QDs. 25863221 4 56 theme quenching 481:489 arg1 patterns 491:498 Distinct fluorescence quenching patterns 459:498 Distinct fluorescence quenching patterns 459:498 Distinct fluorescence quenching patterns were developed when cationic QDs interacted with Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. 25863221 6 57 theme Gram-negative 802:814 arg1 surface 826:832 Gram-negative bacterial surface 802:832 Gram-negative bacterial surface 802:832 The presence of lipopolysaccharide is unique to Gram-negative bacterial surface and provides negatively charge areas for absorbing cationic QDs. 25863221 2 58 with nanoparticles 289:301 arg1 stability 357:365 high photochemical stability 338:365 high photochemical stability 338:365 Quantum dots (QDs) are specific nanoparticles with unique optical properties and high photochemical stability. 25863221 2 58 with nanoparticles 289:301 arg1 properties 323:332 unique optical properties 308:332 unique optical properties 308:332 Quantum dots (QDs) are specific nanoparticles with unique optical properties and high photochemical stability. 25863221 9 59 from surfaces 1351:1358 arg1 behaviors 1316:1324 behaviors 1316:1324 behaviors of QDs on bacterial cell surfaces 1316:1358 This study may not only provide insight into behaviors of QDs on bacterial cell surfaces but also open a new avenue for designing and applying QDs as biosensors in microbiology, medicine, and environmental science. 25863221 4 60 theme fluorescence 468:479 arg1 patterns 491:498 Distinct fluorescence quenching patterns 459:498 Distinct fluorescence quenching patterns 459:498 Distinct fluorescence quenching patterns were developed when cationic QDs interacted with Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. 25863221 0 61 theme bacterial 54:62 arg1 surfaces 64:71 bacterial surfaces 54:71 bacterial surfaces 54:71 Adherence and interaction of cationic quantum dots on bacterial surfaces. 25863221 4 62 theme negative 554:561 arg1 bacteria 581:588 Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria 549:588 Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria 549:588 Distinct fluorescence quenching patterns were developed when cationic QDs interacted with Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. 25863221 8 63 theme acids 1052:1056 arg1 unique 1061:1066 unique 1061:1066 unique 1061:1066 In contrast to Gram-negative bacteria, the presence of teichoic acids is unique to Gram-positive bacterial cell wall and provides negatively charged sites for cationic QDs along the chain of teichoic-acid molecules, which may protect QDs from aggregation and fluorescence quenching. 25863221 8 63 theme acids 1052:1056 arg1 presence 1031:1038 the presence 1027:1038 the presence of teichoic acids 1027:1056 In contrast to Gram-negative bacteria, the presence of teichoic acids is unique to Gram-positive bacterial cell wall and provides negatively charged sites for cationic QDs along the chain of teichoic-acid molecules, which may protect QDs from aggregation and fluorescence quenching. 25863221 7 64 theme cationic 974:981 arg1 QDs 983:985 cationic QDs 974:985 cationic QDs 974:985 The effects of lipopolysaccharide were proved on fluorescence quenching of cationic QDs. 29050615 0 0 theme increased 92:100 arg1 yield 102:106 increased yield 92:106 increased yield via novel Cr(III)-catalyzed hydrolysis 92:145 Investigation of optimal conditions for production of highly crystalline nanocellulose with increased yield via novel Cr(III)-catalyzed hydrolysis: Response surface methodology. 29050615 2 1 theme design 488:493 arg1 factors 495:501 three design factors 482:501 three design factors 482:501 A five-level three-factor central composite design coupled with response surface methodology was employed to elucidate parameters interactions between three design factors, namely reaction temperature (x1), reaction time (x2) and concentration of Cr(NO3)3 (x3) over a broad range of process conditions and determine the effect on crystallinity index and product yield. 29050615 2 1 theme design 488:493 arg1 temperature 520:530 reaction temperature 511:530 reaction temperature (x1) 511:535 A five-level three-factor central composite design coupled with response surface methodology was employed to elucidate parameters interactions between three design factors, namely reaction temperature (x1), reaction time (x2) and concentration of Cr(NO3)3 (x3) over a broad range of process conditions and determine the effect on crystallinity index and product yield. 29050615 2 1 theme design 488:493 arg1 concentration 561:573 concentration 561:573 concentration of Cr(NO3)3 (x3) 561:590 A five-level three-factor central composite design coupled with response surface methodology was employed to elucidate parameters interactions between three design factors, namely reaction temperature (x1), reaction time (x2) and concentration of Cr(NO3)3 (x3) over a broad range of process conditions and determine the effect on crystallinity index and product yield. 29050615 2 1 theme design 488:493 arg1 time 547:550 reaction time 538:550 reaction time (x2) 538:555 A five-level three-factor central composite design coupled with response surface methodology was employed to elucidate parameters interactions between three design factors, namely reaction temperature (x1), reaction time (x2) and concentration of Cr(NO3)3 (x3) over a broad range of process conditions and determine the effect on crystallinity index and product yield. 29050615 2 2 theme Cr 578:579 arg1 temperature 520:530 reaction temperature 511:530 reaction temperature (x1) 511:535 A five-level three-factor central composite design coupled with response surface methodology was employed to elucidate parameters interactions between three design factors, namely reaction temperature (x1), reaction time (x2) and concentration of Cr(NO3)3 (x3) over a broad range of process conditions and determine the effect on crystallinity index and product yield. 29050615 2 2 theme Cr 578:579 arg1 x3 588:589 x3 588:589 x3 588:589 A five-level three-factor central composite design coupled with response surface methodology was employed to elucidate parameters interactions between three design factors, namely reaction temperature (x1), reaction time (x2) and concentration of Cr(NO3)3 (x3) over a broad range of process conditions and determine the effect on crystallinity index and product yield. 29050615 2 2 theme Cr 578:579 arg1 time 547:550 reaction time 538:550 reaction time (x2) 538:555 A five-level three-factor central composite design coupled with response surface methodology was employed to elucidate parameters interactions between three design factors, namely reaction temperature (x1), reaction time (x2) and concentration of Cr(NO3)3 (x3) over a broad range of process conditions and determine the effect on crystallinity index and product yield. 29050615 2 2 theme Cr 578:579 arg1 x2 553:554 x2 553:554 x2 553:554 A five-level three-factor central composite design coupled with response surface methodology was employed to elucidate parameters interactions between three design factors, namely reaction temperature (x1), reaction time (x2) and concentration of Cr(NO3)3 (x3) over a broad range of process conditions and determine the effect on crystallinity index and product yield. 29050615 2 2 theme Cr 578:579 arg1 factors 495:501 three design factors 482:501 three design factors 482:501 A five-level three-factor central composite design coupled with response surface methodology was employed to elucidate parameters interactions between three design factors, namely reaction temperature (x1), reaction time (x2) and concentration of Cr(NO3)3 (x3) over a broad range of process conditions and determine the effect on crystallinity index and product yield. 29050615 2 2 theme Cr 578:579 arg1 x1 533:534 x1 533:534 x1 533:534 A five-level three-factor central composite design coupled with response surface methodology was employed to elucidate parameters interactions between three design factors, namely reaction temperature (x1), reaction time (x2) and concentration of Cr(NO3)3 (x3) over a broad range of process conditions and determine the effect on crystallinity index and product yield. 29050615 2 2 theme Cr 578:579 arg1 concentration 561:573 concentration 561:573 concentration of Cr(NO3)3 (x3) 561:590 A five-level three-factor central composite design coupled with response surface methodology was employed to elucidate parameters interactions between three design factors, namely reaction temperature (x1), reaction time (x2) and concentration of Cr(NO3)3 (x3) over a broad range of process conditions and determine the effect on crystallinity index and product yield. 29050615 3 3 theme 1.48h 811:815 arg1 conditions 789:798 optimum process conditions 773:798 optimum process conditions of 70.6°C, 1.48h, and 0.48M Cr(NO3)3 773:835 The developed models predicted the maximum nanocellulose yield of 87% at optimum process conditions of 70.6°C, 1.48h, and 0.48M Cr(NO3)3. 29050615 1 4 theme NO3 220:222 arg1 system 236:241 a highly efficient Cr(NO3)3 catalysis system 198:241 a highly efficient Cr(NO3)3 catalysis system 198:241 For the first time, a highly efficient Cr(NO3)3 catalysis system was proposed for optimization the yield and crystallinity of nanocellulose end product. 29050615 4 5 theme obtained 863:870 arg1 nanocellulose 872:884 the obtained nanocellulose 859:884 the obtained nanocellulose 859:884 At these conditions, the obtained nanocellulose presented high crystallinity index (75.3%), spider-web-like interconnected network morphology with the average width of 31.2±14.3nm. 29050615 1 6 theme nanocellulose 304:316 arg1 product 322:328 nanocellulose end product 304:328 nanocellulose end product 304:328 For the first time, a highly efficient Cr(NO3)3 catalysis system was proposed for optimization the yield and crystallinity of nanocellulose end product. 29050615 4 7 theme network 961:967 arg1 index 915:919 high crystallinity index 896:919 high crystallinity index (75.3%) 896:927 At these conditions, the obtained nanocellulose presented high crystallinity index (75.3%), spider-web-like interconnected network morphology with the average width of 31.2±14.3nm. 29050615 4 7 theme network 961:967 arg1 morphology 969:978 spider-web-like interconnected network morphology 930:978 spider-web-like interconnected network morphology with the average width of 31.2±14.3nm 930:1016 At these conditions, the obtained nanocellulose presented high crystallinity index (75.3%), spider-web-like interconnected network morphology with the average width of 31.2±14.3nm. 29050615 3 8 theme % 768:768 arg1 yield 757:761 the maximum nanocellulose yield 731:761 the maximum nanocellulose yield of 87% 731:768 The developed models predicted the maximum nanocellulose yield of 87% at optimum process conditions of 70.6°C, 1.48h, and 0.48M Cr(NO3)3. 29050615 1 9 theme end 318:320 arg1 product 322:328 nanocellulose end product 304:328 nanocellulose end product 304:328 For the first time, a highly efficient Cr(NO3)3 catalysis system was proposed for optimization the yield and crystallinity of nanocellulose end product. 29050615 3 10 theme 70.6°C 803:808 arg1 conditions 789:798 optimum process conditions 773:798 optimum process conditions of 70.6°C, 1.48h, and 0.48M Cr(NO3)3 773:835 The developed models predicted the maximum nanocellulose yield of 87% at optimum process conditions of 70.6°C, 1.48h, and 0.48M Cr(NO3)3. 29050615 5 11 theme original 1107:1114 arg1 source 1127:1132 original cellulosic source 1107:1132 original cellulosic source 1107:1132 In addition, the yielded nanocellulose rendered a higher thermal stability than that of original cellulosic source and expected to be widely used as reinforcement agent in bio-nanocomposites materials. 29050615 1 12 theme product 322:328 arg1 crystallinity 287:299 crystallinity 287:299 crystallinity 287:299 For the first time, a highly efficient Cr(NO3)3 catalysis system was proposed for optimization the yield and crystallinity of nanocellulose end product. 29050615 1 12 theme product 322:328 arg1 optimization 260:271 optimization the yield and crystallinity 260:299 optimization 260:271 For the first time, a highly efficient Cr(NO3)3 catalysis system was proposed for optimization the yield and crystallinity of nanocellulose end product. 29050615 4 13 with morphology 969:978 arg1 width 997:1001 the average width 985:1001 the average width of 31.2±14.3nm 985:1016 At these conditions, the obtained nanocellulose presented high crystallinity index (75.3%), spider-web-like interconnected network morphology with the average width of 31.2±14.3nm. 29050615 3 14 theme 0.48M 822:826 arg1 NO3 831:833 0.48M Cr(NO3)3 822:835 0.48M Cr(NO3)3 822:835 The developed models predicted the maximum nanocellulose yield of 87% at optimum process conditions of 70.6°C, 1.48h, and 0.48M Cr(NO3)3. 29050615 1 15 theme catalysis 226:234 arg1 system 236:241 a highly efficient Cr(NO3)3 catalysis system 198:241 a highly efficient Cr(NO3)3 catalysis system 198:241 For the first time, a highly efficient Cr(NO3)3 catalysis system was proposed for optimization the yield and crystallinity of nanocellulose end product. 29050615 0 16 theme Cr 118:119 arg1 hydrolysis 136:145 novel Cr(III)-catalyzed hydrolysis 112:145 novel Cr(III)-catalyzed hydrolysis 112:145 Investigation of optimal conditions for production of highly crystalline nanocellulose with increased yield via novel Cr(III)-catalyzed hydrolysis: Response surface methodology. 29050615 5 17 theme cellulosic 1116:1125 arg1 source 1127:1132 original cellulosic source 1107:1132 original cellulosic source 1107:1132 In addition, the yielded nanocellulose rendered a higher thermal stability than that of original cellulosic source and expected to be widely used as reinforcement agent in bio-nanocomposites materials. 29050615 2 18 theme product 685:691 arg1 yield 693:697 product yield 685:697 product yield 685:697 A five-level three-factor central composite design coupled with response surface methodology was employed to elucidate parameters interactions between three design factors, namely reaction temperature (x1), reaction time (x2) and concentration of Cr(NO3)3 (x3) over a broad range of process conditions and determine the effect on crystallinity index and product yield. 29050615 2 19 from effect 651:656 arg1 index 675:679 crystallinity index 661:679 crystallinity index 661:679 A five-level three-factor central composite design coupled with response surface methodology was employed to elucidate parameters interactions between three design factors, namely reaction temperature (x1), reaction time (x2) and concentration of Cr(NO3)3 (x3) over a broad range of process conditions and determine the effect on crystallinity index and product yield. 29050615 2 19 from effect 651:656 arg1 yield 693:697 product yield 685:697 product yield 685:697 A five-level three-factor central composite design coupled with response surface methodology was employed to elucidate parameters interactions between three design factors, namely reaction temperature (x1), reaction time (x2) and concentration of Cr(NO3)3 (x3) over a broad range of process conditions and determine the effect on crystallinity index and product yield. 29050615 0 20 theme novel 112:116 arg1 hydrolysis 136:145 novel Cr(III)-catalyzed hydrolysis 112:145 novel Cr(III)-catalyzed hydrolysis 112:145 Investigation of optimal conditions for production of highly crystalline nanocellulose with increased yield via novel Cr(III)-catalyzed hydrolysis: Response surface methodology. 29050615 1 21 dep optimization 260:271 arg1 yield 277:281 the yield 273:281 the yield 273:281 For the first time, a highly efficient Cr(NO3)3 catalysis system was proposed for optimization the yield and crystallinity of nanocellulose end product. 29050615 4 22 attach presented 886:894 arg2 nanocellulose 872:884 the obtained nanocellulose 859:884 the obtained nanocellulose 859:884 At these conditions, the obtained nanocellulose presented high crystallinity index (75.3%), spider-web-like interconnected network morphology with the average width of 31.2±14.3nm. 29050615 4 22 attach presented 886:894 arg1 conditions 847:856 these conditions 841:856 these conditions 841:856 At these conditions, the obtained nanocellulose presented high crystallinity index (75.3%), spider-web-like interconnected network morphology with the average width of 31.2±14.3nm. 29050615 3 23 theme nanocellulose 743:755 arg1 yield 757:761 the maximum nanocellulose yield 731:761 the maximum nanocellulose yield of 87% 731:768 The developed models predicted the maximum nanocellulose yield of 87% at optimum process conditions of 70.6°C, 1.48h, and 0.48M Cr(NO3)3. 29050615 2 24 theme reaction 511:518 arg1 factors 495:501 three design factors 482:501 three design factors 482:501 A five-level three-factor central composite design coupled with response surface methodology was employed to elucidate parameters interactions between three design factors, namely reaction temperature (x1), reaction time (x2) and concentration of Cr(NO3)3 (x3) over a broad range of process conditions and determine the effect on crystallinity index and product yield. 29050615 2 24 theme reaction 511:518 arg1 x1 533:534 x1 533:534 x1 533:534 A five-level three-factor central composite design coupled with response surface methodology was employed to elucidate parameters interactions between three design factors, namely reaction temperature (x1), reaction time (x2) and concentration of Cr(NO3)3 (x3) over a broad range of process conditions and determine the effect on crystallinity index and product yield. 29050615 2 24 theme reaction 511:518 arg1 temperature 520:530 reaction temperature 511:530 reaction temperature (x1) 511:535 A five-level three-factor central composite design coupled with response surface methodology was employed to elucidate parameters interactions between three design factors, namely reaction temperature (x1), reaction time (x2) and concentration of Cr(NO3)3 (x3) over a broad range of process conditions and determine the effect on crystallinity index and product yield. 29050615 5 25 theme bio-nanocomposites 1191:1208 arg1 materials 1210:1218 bio-nanocomposites materials 1191:1218 bio-nanocomposites materials 1191:1218 In addition, the yielded nanocellulose rendered a higher thermal stability than that of original cellulosic source and expected to be widely used as reinforcement agent in bio-nanocomposites materials. 29050615 2 26 theme central 357:363 arg1 design 375:380 A five-level three-factor central composite design 331:380 A five-level three-factor central composite design coupled with response surface methodology 331:422 A five-level three-factor central composite design coupled with response surface methodology was employed to elucidate parameters interactions between three design factors, namely reaction temperature (x1), reaction time (x2) and concentration of Cr(NO3)3 (x3) over a broad range of process conditions and determine the effect on crystallinity index and product yield. 29050615 5 27 theme higher 1069:1074 arg1 stability 1084:1092 a higher thermal stability 1067:1092 a higher thermal stability than that of original cellulosic source 1067:1132 In addition, the yielded nanocellulose rendered a higher thermal stability than that of original cellulosic source and expected to be widely used as reinforcement agent in bio-nanocomposites materials. 29050615 3 28 theme optimum 773:779 arg1 conditions 789:798 optimum process conditions 773:798 optimum process conditions of 70.6°C, 1.48h, and 0.48M Cr(NO3)3 773:835 The developed models predicted the maximum nanocellulose yield of 87% at optimum process conditions of 70.6°C, 1.48h, and 0.48M Cr(NO3)3. 29050615 2 29 theme broad 599:603 arg1 range 605:609 a broad range 597:609 a broad range of process conditions 597:631 A five-level three-factor central composite design coupled with response surface methodology was employed to elucidate parameters interactions between three design factors, namely reaction temperature (x1), reaction time (x2) and concentration of Cr(NO3)3 (x3) over a broad range of process conditions and determine the effect on crystallinity index and product yield. 29050615 2 30 theme three-factor 344:355 arg1 design 375:380 A five-level three-factor central composite design 331:380 A five-level three-factor central composite design coupled with response surface methodology 331:422 A five-level three-factor central composite design coupled with response surface methodology was employed to elucidate parameters interactions between three design factors, namely reaction temperature (x1), reaction time (x2) and concentration of Cr(NO3)3 (x3) over a broad range of process conditions and determine the effect on crystallinity index and product yield. 29050615 0 31 theme conditions 25:34 arg1 Investigation 0:12 Investigation 0:12 Investigation of optimal conditions for production of highly crystalline nanocellulose with increased yield via novel Cr(III)-catalyzed hydrolysis: Response surface methodology. 0:176 Investigation of optimal conditions for production of highly crystalline nanocellulose with increased yield via novel Cr(III)-catalyzed hydrolysis: Response surface methodology. 29050615 5 32 theme thermal 1076:1082 arg1 stability 1084:1092 a higher thermal stability 1067:1092 a higher thermal stability than that of original cellulosic source 1067:1132 In addition, the yielded nanocellulose rendered a higher thermal stability than that of original cellulosic source and expected to be widely used as reinforcement agent in bio-nanocomposites materials. 29050615 2 33 theme reaction 538:545 arg1 factors 495:501 three design factors 482:501 three design factors 482:501 A five-level three-factor central composite design coupled with response surface methodology was employed to elucidate parameters interactions between three design factors, namely reaction temperature (x1), reaction time (x2) and concentration of Cr(NO3)3 (x3) over a broad range of process conditions and determine the effect on crystallinity index and product yield. 29050615 2 33 theme reaction 538:545 arg1 x2 553:554 x2 553:554 x2 553:554 A five-level three-factor central composite design coupled with response surface methodology was employed to elucidate parameters interactions between three design factors, namely reaction temperature (x1), reaction time (x2) and concentration of Cr(NO3)3 (x3) over a broad range of process conditions and determine the effect on crystallinity index and product yield. 29050615 2 33 theme reaction 538:545 arg1 time 547:550 reaction time 538:550 reaction time (x2) 538:555 A five-level three-factor central composite design coupled with response surface methodology was employed to elucidate parameters interactions between three design factors, namely reaction temperature (x1), reaction time (x2) and concentration of Cr(NO3)3 (x3) over a broad range of process conditions and determine the effect on crystallinity index and product yield. 29050615 1 34 theme first 186:190 arg1 time 192:195 the first time 182:195 the first time 182:195 For the first time, a highly efficient Cr(NO3)3 catalysis system was proposed for optimization the yield and crystallinity of nanocellulose end product. 29050615 0 35 theme optimal 17:23 arg1 conditions 25:34 optimal conditions 17:34 optimal conditions for production of highly crystalline nanocellulose with increased yield via novel Cr(III)-catalyzed hydrolysis 17:145 Investigation of optimal conditions for production of highly crystalline nanocellulose with increased yield via novel Cr(III)-catalyzed hydrolysis: Response surface methodology. 29050615 4 36 theme 31.2±14.3nm 1006:1016 arg1 width 997:1001 the average width 985:1001 the average width of 31.2±14.3nm 985:1016 At these conditions, the obtained nanocellulose presented high crystallinity index (75.3%), spider-web-like interconnected network morphology with the average width of 31.2±14.3nm. 29050615 2 37 theme response 395:402 arg1 methodology 412:422 response surface methodology 395:422 response surface methodology 395:422 A five-level three-factor central composite design coupled with response surface methodology was employed to elucidate parameters interactions between three design factors, namely reaction temperature (x1), reaction time (x2) and concentration of Cr(NO3)3 (x3) over a broad range of process conditions and determine the effect on crystallinity index and product yield. 29050615 4 38 theme high 896:899 arg1 index 915:919 high crystallinity index 896:919 high crystallinity index (75.3%) 896:927 At these conditions, the obtained nanocellulose presented high crystallinity index (75.3%), spider-web-like interconnected network morphology with the average width of 31.2±14.3nm. 29050615 4 38 theme high 896:899 arg1 % 926:926 75.3% 922:926 75.3% 922:926 At these conditions, the obtained nanocellulose presented high crystallinity index (75.3%), spider-web-like interconnected network morphology with the average width of 31.2±14.3nm. 29050615 4 38 theme high 896:899 arg1 morphology 969:978 spider-web-like interconnected network morphology 930:978 spider-web-like interconnected network morphology with the average width of 31.2±14.3nm 930:1016 At these conditions, the obtained nanocellulose presented high crystallinity index (75.3%), spider-web-like interconnected network morphology with the average width of 31.2±14.3nm. 29050615 3 39 theme Cr 828:829 arg1 NO3 831:833 0.48M Cr(NO3)3 822:835 0.48M Cr(NO3)3 822:835 The developed models predicted the maximum nanocellulose yield of 87% at optimum process conditions of 70.6°C, 1.48h, and 0.48M Cr(NO3)3. 29050615 0 40 theme -catalyzed 125:134 arg1 hydrolysis 136:145 novel Cr(III)-catalyzed hydrolysis 112:145 novel Cr(III)-catalyzed hydrolysis 112:145 Investigation of optimal conditions for production of highly crystalline nanocellulose with increased yield via novel Cr(III)-catalyzed hydrolysis: Response surface methodology. 29050615 3 41 theme NO3 831:833 arg1 conditions 789:798 optimum process conditions 773:798 optimum process conditions of 70.6°C, 1.48h, and 0.48M Cr(NO3)3 773:835 The developed models predicted the maximum nanocellulose yield of 87% at optimum process conditions of 70.6°C, 1.48h, and 0.48M Cr(NO3)3. 29050615 5 42 theme reinforcement 1168:1180 arg1 agent 1182:1186 reinforcement agent 1168:1186 reinforcement agent in bio-nanocomposites materials 1168:1218 In addition, the yielded nanocellulose rendered a higher thermal stability than that of original cellulosic source and expected to be widely used as reinforcement agent in bio-nanocomposites materials. 29050615 5 42 theme reinforcement 1168:1180 arg1 nanocellulose 1044:1056 the yielded nanocellulose 1032:1056 the yielded nanocellulose 1032:1056 In addition, the yielded nanocellulose rendered a higher thermal stability than that of original cellulosic source and expected to be widely used as reinforcement agent in bio-nanocomposites materials. 29050615 3 43 theme developed 704:712 arg1 models 714:719 The developed models 700:719 The developed models 700:719 The developed models predicted the maximum nanocellulose yield of 87% at optimum process conditions of 70.6°C, 1.48h, and 0.48M Cr(NO3)3. 29050615 2 44 theme parameters 450:459 arg1 interactions 461:472 parameters interactions 450:472 parameters interactions between three design factors, namely reaction temperature (x1), reaction time (x2) and concentration of Cr(NO3)3 (x3) 450:590 A five-level three-factor central composite design coupled with response surface methodology was employed to elucidate parameters interactions between three design factors, namely reaction temperature (x1), reaction time (x2) and concentration of Cr(NO3)3 (x3) over a broad range of process conditions and determine the effect on crystallinity index and product yield. 29050615 5 45 theme yielded 1036:1042 arg1 agent 1182:1186 reinforcement agent 1168:1186 reinforcement agent in bio-nanocomposites materials 1168:1218 In addition, the yielded nanocellulose rendered a higher thermal stability than that of original cellulosic source and expected to be widely used as reinforcement agent in bio-nanocomposites materials. 29050615 5 45 theme yielded 1036:1042 arg1 nanocellulose 1044:1056 the yielded nanocellulose 1032:1056 the yielded nanocellulose 1032:1056 In addition, the yielded nanocellulose rendered a higher thermal stability than that of original cellulosic source and expected to be widely used as reinforcement agent in bio-nanocomposites materials. 29050615 5 46 used used 1160:1163 arg2 agent 1182:1186 reinforcement agent 1168:1186 reinforcement agent in bio-nanocomposites materials 1168:1218 In addition, the yielded nanocellulose rendered a higher thermal stability than that of original cellulosic source and expected to be widely used as reinforcement agent in bio-nanocomposites materials. 29050615 5 46 used used 1160:1163 arg2 nanocellulose 1044:1056 the yielded nanocellulose 1032:1056 the yielded nanocellulose 1032:1056 In addition, the yielded nanocellulose rendered a higher thermal stability than that of original cellulosic source and expected to be widely used as reinforcement agent in bio-nanocomposites materials. 29050615 4 47 theme crystallinity 901:913 arg1 index 915:919 high crystallinity index 896:919 high crystallinity index (75.3%) 896:927 At these conditions, the obtained nanocellulose presented high crystallinity index (75.3%), spider-web-like interconnected network morphology with the average width of 31.2±14.3nm. 29050615 4 47 theme crystallinity 901:913 arg1 % 926:926 75.3% 922:926 75.3% 922:926 At these conditions, the obtained nanocellulose presented high crystallinity index (75.3%), spider-web-like interconnected network morphology with the average width of 31.2±14.3nm. 29050615 4 47 theme crystallinity 901:913 arg1 morphology 969:978 spider-web-like interconnected network morphology 930:978 spider-web-like interconnected network morphology with the average width of 31.2±14.3nm 930:1016 At these conditions, the obtained nanocellulose presented high crystallinity index (75.3%), spider-web-like interconnected network morphology with the average width of 31.2±14.3nm. 29050615 2 48 theme conditions 622:631 arg1 range 605:609 a broad range 597:609 a broad range of process conditions 597:631 A five-level three-factor central composite design coupled with response surface methodology was employed to elucidate parameters interactions between three design factors, namely reaction temperature (x1), reaction time (x2) and concentration of Cr(NO3)3 (x3) over a broad range of process conditions and determine the effect on crystallinity index and product yield. 29050615 3 49 theme process 781:787 arg1 conditions 789:798 optimum process conditions 773:798 optimum process conditions of 70.6°C, 1.48h, and 0.48M Cr(NO3)3 773:835 The developed models predicted the maximum nanocellulose yield of 87% at optimum process conditions of 70.6°C, 1.48h, and 0.48M Cr(NO3)3. 29050615 0 50 theme surface 157:163 arg1 methodology 165:175 Response surface methodology 148:175 Investigation of optimal conditions for production of highly crystalline nanocellulose with increased yield via novel Cr(III)-catalyzed hydrolysis: Response surface methodology. 0:176 Investigation of optimal conditions for production of highly crystalline nanocellulose with increased yield via novel Cr(III)-catalyzed hydrolysis: Response surface methodology. 29050615 2 51 theme process 614:620 arg1 conditions 622:631 process conditions 614:631 process conditions 614:631 A five-level three-factor central composite design coupled with response surface methodology was employed to elucidate parameters interactions between three design factors, namely reaction temperature (x1), reaction time (x2) and concentration of Cr(NO3)3 (x3) over a broad range of process conditions and determine the effect on crystallinity index and product yield. 29050615 3 52 theme maximum 735:741 arg1 yield 757:761 the maximum nanocellulose yield 731:761 the maximum nanocellulose yield of 87% 731:768 The developed models predicted the maximum nanocellulose yield of 87% at optimum process conditions of 70.6°C, 1.48h, and 0.48M Cr(NO3)3. 29050615 0 53 theme Response 148:155 arg1 methodology 165:175 Response surface methodology 148:175 Investigation of optimal conditions for production of highly crystalline nanocellulose with increased yield via novel Cr(III)-catalyzed hydrolysis: Response surface methodology. 0:176 Investigation of optimal conditions for production of highly crystalline nanocellulose with increased yield via novel Cr(III)-catalyzed hydrolysis: Response surface methodology. 29050615 2 54 theme crystallinity 661:673 arg1 index 675:679 crystallinity index 661:679 crystallinity index 661:679 A five-level three-factor central composite design coupled with response surface methodology was employed to elucidate parameters interactions between three design factors, namely reaction temperature (x1), reaction time (x2) and concentration of Cr(NO3)3 (x3) over a broad range of process conditions and determine the effect on crystallinity index and product yield. 29050615 4 55 theme average 989:995 arg1 width 997:1001 the average width 985:1001 the average width of 31.2±14.3nm 985:1016 At these conditions, the obtained nanocellulose presented high crystallinity index (75.3%), spider-web-like interconnected network morphology with the average width of 31.2±14.3nm. 29050615 1 56 theme efficient 207:215 arg1 system 236:241 a highly efficient Cr(NO3)3 catalysis system 198:241 a highly efficient Cr(NO3)3 catalysis system 198:241 For the first time, a highly efficient Cr(NO3)3 catalysis system was proposed for optimization the yield and crystallinity of nanocellulose end product. 29050615 0 57 theme nanocellulose 73:85 arg1 production 40:49 production 40:49 production of highly crystalline nanocellulose with increased yield via novel Cr(III)-catalyzed hydrolysis 40:145 Investigation of optimal conditions for production of highly crystalline nanocellulose with increased yield via novel Cr(III)-catalyzed hydrolysis: Response surface methodology. 29050615 4 58 theme interconnected 946:959 arg1 index 915:919 high crystallinity index 896:919 high crystallinity index (75.3%) 896:927 At these conditions, the obtained nanocellulose presented high crystallinity index (75.3%), spider-web-like interconnected network morphology with the average width of 31.2±14.3nm. 29050615 4 58 theme interconnected 946:959 arg1 morphology 969:978 spider-web-like interconnected network morphology 930:978 spider-web-like interconnected network morphology with the average width of 31.2±14.3nm 930:1016 At these conditions, the obtained nanocellulose presented high crystallinity index (75.3%), spider-web-like interconnected network morphology with the average width of 31.2±14.3nm. 29050615 2 59 theme surface 404:410 arg1 methodology 412:422 response surface methodology 395:422 response surface methodology 395:422 A five-level three-factor central composite design coupled with response surface methodology was employed to elucidate parameters interactions between three design factors, namely reaction temperature (x1), reaction time (x2) and concentration of Cr(NO3)3 (x3) over a broad range of process conditions and determine the effect on crystallinity index and product yield. 29050615 2 60 theme five-level 333:342 arg1 design 375:380 A five-level three-factor central composite design 331:380 A five-level three-factor central composite design coupled with response surface methodology 331:422 A five-level three-factor central composite design coupled with response surface methodology was employed to elucidate parameters interactions between three design factors, namely reaction temperature (x1), reaction time (x2) and concentration of Cr(NO3)3 (x3) over a broad range of process conditions and determine the effect on crystallinity index and product yield. 29050615 2 61 theme composite 365:373 arg1 design 375:380 A five-level three-factor central composite design 331:380 A five-level three-factor central composite design coupled with response surface methodology 331:422 A five-level three-factor central composite design coupled with response surface methodology was employed to elucidate parameters interactions between three design factors, namely reaction temperature (x1), reaction time (x2) and concentration of Cr(NO3)3 (x3) over a broad range of process conditions and determine the effect on crystallinity index and product yield. 29050615 1 62 theme Cr 217:218 arg1 system 236:241 a highly efficient Cr(NO3)3 catalysis system 198:241 a highly efficient Cr(NO3)3 catalysis system 198:241 For the first time, a highly efficient Cr(NO3)3 catalysis system was proposed for optimization the yield and crystallinity of nanocellulose end product. 29050615 0 63 theme crystalline 61:71 arg1 nanocellulose 73:85 highly crystalline nanocellulose 54:85 highly crystalline nanocellulose 54:85 Investigation of optimal conditions for production of highly crystalline nanocellulose with increased yield via novel Cr(III)-catalyzed hydrolysis: Response surface methodology. 29050615 5 64 from agent 1182:1186 arg1 materials 1210:1218 bio-nanocomposites materials 1191:1218 bio-nanocomposites materials 1191:1218 In addition, the yielded nanocellulose rendered a higher thermal stability than that of original cellulosic source and expected to be widely used as reinforcement agent in bio-nanocomposites materials. 29050615 0 65 dep Investigation 0:12 arg1 methodology 165:175 Response surface methodology 148:175 Investigation of optimal conditions for production of highly crystalline nanocellulose with increased yield via novel Cr(III)-catalyzed hydrolysis: Response surface methodology. 0:176 Investigation of optimal conditions for production of highly crystalline nanocellulose with increased yield via novel Cr(III)-catalyzed hydrolysis: Response surface methodology. 29050615 0 66 with production 40:49 arg1 yield 102:106 increased yield 92:106 increased yield via novel Cr(III)-catalyzed hydrolysis 92:145 Investigation of optimal conditions for production of highly crystalline nanocellulose with increased yield via novel Cr(III)-catalyzed hydrolysis: Response surface methodology. 29050615 4 67 theme spider-web-like 930:944 arg1 index 915:919 high crystallinity index 896:919 high crystallinity index (75.3%) 896:927 At these conditions, the obtained nanocellulose presented high crystallinity index (75.3%), spider-web-like interconnected network morphology with the average width of 31.2±14.3nm. 29050615 4 67 theme spider-web-like 930:944 arg1 morphology 969:978 spider-web-like interconnected network morphology 930:978 spider-web-like interconnected network morphology with the average width of 31.2±14.3nm 930:1016 At these conditions, the obtained nanocellulose presented high crystallinity index (75.3%), spider-web-like interconnected network morphology with the average width of 31.2±14.3nm. 25968647 14 0 contain has 2292:2294 arg1 factor 2217:2222 an important virulence factor 2194:2222 an important virulence factor of the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2194:2281 IMPORTANCE This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the synthesis of the unique polysaccharide, alginate, which not only is an important virulence factor of the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa but also has, due to its material properties, many applications in medicine and industry. 25968647 14 0 contain has 2292:2294 arg1 alginate 2166:2173 the unique polysaccharide, alginate 2139:2173 alginate 2166:2173 IMPORTANCE This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the synthesis of the unique polysaccharide, alginate, which not only is an important virulence factor of the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa but also has, due to its material properties, many applications in medicine and industry. 25968647 14 0 contain has 2292:2294 arg2 applications 2334:2345 many applications 2329:2345 many applications in medicine and industry 2329:2370 IMPORTANCE This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the synthesis of the unique polysaccharide, alginate, which not only is an important virulence factor of the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa but also has, due to its material properties, many applications in medicine and industry. 25968647 10 1 theme nonacetylating 1621:1634 arg1 variant 1636:1642 its nonacetylating variant 1617:1642 its nonacetylating variant 1617:1642 Interestingly, when overproduced, Alg44, AlgG, and the nonepimerizing variant AlgG(D324A) increased the degree of acetylation, while epimerization was enhanced by AlgX and its nonacetylating variant AlgX(S269A). 25968647 15 2 theme complex 2477:2483 arg1 assembly 2388:2395 assembly 2388:2395 assembly 2388:2395 Unraveling the assembly and composition of the alginate-synthesizing and envelope-spanning multiprotein complex will be of tremendous significance for the scientific community. 25968647 15 2 theme complex 2477:2483 arg1 composition 2401:2411 composition 2401:2411 composition 2401:2411 Unraveling the assembly and composition of the alginate-synthesizing and envelope-spanning multiprotein complex will be of tremendous significance for the scientific community. 25968647 8 3 theme molecular 1271:1279 arg1 masses 1281:1286 molecular masses 1271:1286 molecular masses 1271:1286 The compositions, molecular masses, and material properties of resulting novel alginates were analyzed. 25968647 2 4 from embedded 391:398 arg1 membrane 419:426 the cytoplasmic membrane 403:426 the cytoplasmic membrane 403:426 Here, bacterial two-hybrid assays and pulldown experiments showed that the catalytic subunit Alg8 directly interacts with the proposed copolymerase Alg44 while embedded in the cytoplasmic membrane. 25968647 18 5 theme drugs 3046:3050 arg1 production 3088:3097 the commercial bacterial production 3063:3097 the design and development of inhibitory drugs as well as the commercial bacterial production of tailor-made alginates 3005:3122 Due to the role of alginate in pathogenesis as well as its unique material properties harnessed in numerous applications, results obtained in this study will aid the design and development of inhibitory drugs as well as the commercial bacterial production of tailor-made alginates. 25968647 18 5 theme drugs 3046:3050 arg1 development 3020:3030 development 3020:3030 development 3020:3030 Due to the role of alginate in pathogenesis as well as its unique material properties harnessed in numerous applications, results obtained in this study will aid the design and development of inhibitory drugs as well as the commercial bacterial production of tailor-made alginates. 25968647 18 5 theme drugs 3046:3050 arg1 design 3009:3014 design 3009:3014 design 3009:3014 Due to the role of alginate in pathogenesis as well as its unique material properties harnessed in numerous applications, results obtained in this study will aid the design and development of inhibitory drugs as well as the commercial bacterial production of tailor-made alginates. 25968647 4 6 theme c-di-GMP 691:698 arg1 binding 700:706 c-di-GMP binding 691:706 c-di-GMP binding 691:706 Site-specific mutagenesis of Alg44 showed that protein-protein interactions and stability were independent of conserved amino acid residues R17 and R21, which are involved in c-di-GMP binding, the N-terminal PilZ domain, and the C-terminal 26 amino acids. 25968647 1 7 theme molecular 94:102 arg1 mechanisms 104:113 The molecular mechanisms 90:113 UNLABELLED The molecular mechanisms of alginate polymerization/modification/secretion by a proposed envelope-spanning multiprotein complex 79:216 UNLABELLED The molecular mechanisms of alginate polymerization/modification/secretion by a proposed envelope-spanning multiprotein complex are unknown. 25968647 1 7 theme molecular 94:102 arg1 unknown 222:228 unknown 222:228 unknown 222:228 UNLABELLED The molecular mechanisms of alginate polymerization/modification/secretion by a proposed envelope-spanning multiprotein complex are unknown. 25968647 15 8 theme envelope-spanning 2446:2462 arg1 complex 2477:2483 the alginate-synthesizing and envelope-spanning multiprotein complex 2416:2483 the alginate-synthesizing and envelope-spanning multiprotein complex 2416:2483 Unraveling the assembly and composition of the alginate-synthesizing and envelope-spanning multiprotein complex will be of tremendous significance for the scientific community. 25968647 4 9 theme C-terminal 745:754 arg1 acids 765:769 the C-terminal 26 amino acids 741:769 the C-terminal 26 amino acids 741:769 Site-specific mutagenesis of Alg44 showed that protein-protein interactions and stability were independent of conserved amino acid residues R17 and R21, which are involved in c-di-GMP binding, the N-terminal PilZ domain, and the C-terminal 26 amino acids. 25968647 8 10 theme material 1293:1300 arg1 properties 1302:1311 material properties 1293:1311 material properties 1293:1311 The compositions, molecular masses, and material properties of resulting novel alginates were analyzed. 25968647 6 11 theme cellulose 1000:1008 arg1 synthesis 1010:1018 cellulose synthesis 1000:1018 cellulose synthesis 1000:1018 Activation was found to be different from the proposed activation mechanism for cellulose synthesis. 25968647 0 12 attach Linked 45:50 arg3 aeruginosa 67:76 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 55:76 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 55:76 Alginate Polymerization and Modification Are Linked in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 25968647 0 12 attach Linked 45:50 arg2 Alginate 0:7 Alginate Polymerization and Modification 0:39 Alginate Polymerization and Modification 0:39 Alginate Polymerization and Modification Are Linked in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 25968647 14 13 theme material 2308:2315 arg1 properties 2317:2326 its material properties 2304:2326 its material properties 2304:2326 IMPORTANCE This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the synthesis of the unique polysaccharide, alginate, which not only is an important virulence factor of the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa but also has, due to its material properties, many applications in medicine and industry. 25968647 10 14 theme variant 1515:1521 arg1 D324A 1528:1532 D324A 1528:1532 D324A 1528:1532 Interestingly, when overproduced, Alg44, AlgG, and the nonepimerizing variant AlgG(D324A) increased the degree of acetylation, while epimerization was enhanced by AlgX and its nonacetylating variant AlgX(S269A). 25968647 10 14 theme variant 1515:1521 arg1 AlgG 1523:1526 the nonepimerizing variant AlgG 1496:1526 the nonepimerizing variant AlgG(D324A) 1496:1533 Interestingly, when overproduced, Alg44, AlgG, and the nonepimerizing variant AlgG(D324A) increased the degree of acetylation, while epimerization was enhanced by AlgX and its nonacetylating variant AlgX(S269A). 25968647 6 15 from mechanism 986:994 arg1 different 947:955 different 947:955 different 947:955 Activation was found to be different from the proposed activation mechanism for cellulose synthesis. 25968647 7 16 theme deletion 1184:1191 arg1 mutants 1193:1199 site-specific deletion mutants 1170:1199 site-specific deletion mutants 1170:1199 The interactive role of Alg8, Alg44, AlgG (epimerase), and AlgX (acetyltransferase) on alginate polymerization and modification was studied by using site-specific deletion mutants, inactive variants, and overproduction of subunits. 25968647 2 17 theme proposed 357:364 arg1 Alg44 379:383 the proposed copolymerase Alg44 353:383 the proposed copolymerase Alg44 353:383 Here, bacterial two-hybrid assays and pulldown experiments showed that the catalytic subunit Alg8 directly interacts with the proposed copolymerase Alg44 while embedded in the cytoplasmic membrane. 25968647 8 18 theme novel 1326:1330 arg1 alginates 1332:1340 resulting novel alginates 1316:1340 resulting novel alginates 1316:1340 The compositions, molecular masses, and material properties of resulting novel alginates were analyzed. 25968647 7 19 theme alginate 1108:1115 arg1 polymerization 1117:1130 alginate polymerization 1108:1130 alginate polymerization 1108:1130 The interactive role of Alg8, Alg44, AlgG (epimerase), and AlgX (acetyltransferase) on alginate polymerization and modification was studied by using site-specific deletion mutants, inactive variants, and overproduction of subunits. 25968647 5 20 theme Site-specific 772:784 arg1 mutagenesis 786:796 Site-specific mutagenesis 772:796 Site-specific mutagenesis 772:796 Site-specific mutagenesis was employed to investigate the c-di-GMP-mediated activation of alginate polymerization by the PilZAlg44 domain and Alg8. 25968647 2 21 theme pulldown 269:276 arg1 experiments 278:288 pulldown experiments 269:288 pulldown experiments 269:288 Here, bacterial two-hybrid assays and pulldown experiments showed that the catalytic subunit Alg8 directly interacts with the proposed copolymerase Alg44 while embedded in the cytoplasmic membrane. 25968647 12 22 theme new 1830:1832 arg1 light 1834:1838 new light 1830:1838 new light 1830:1838 Overall, this study sheds new light on the arrangement of the multiprotein complex involved in alginate production. 25968647 14 23 dep factor 2217:2222 arg1 aeruginosa 2272:2281 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2260:2281 an important virulence factor of the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2194:2281 IMPORTANCE This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the synthesis of the unique polysaccharide, alginate, which not only is an important virulence factor of the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa but also has, due to its material properties, many applications in medicine and industry. 25968647 12 24 theme multiprotein 1866:1877 arg1 complex 1879:1885 the multiprotein complex 1862:1885 the multiprotein complex involved in alginate production 1862:1917 Overall, this study sheds new light on the arrangement of the multiprotein complex involved in alginate production. 25968647 2 25 theme subunit 316:322 arg1 Alg8 324:327 the catalytic subunit Alg8 302:327 the catalytic subunit Alg8 302:327 Here, bacterial two-hybrid assays and pulldown experiments showed that the catalytic subunit Alg8 directly interacts with the proposed copolymerase Alg44 while embedded in the cytoplasmic membrane. 25968647 1 26 theme proposed 170:177 arg1 complex 210:216 a proposed envelope-spanning multiprotein complex 168:216 a proposed envelope-spanning multiprotein complex 168:216 UNLABELLED The molecular mechanisms of alginate polymerization/modification/secretion by a proposed envelope-spanning multiprotein complex are unknown. 25968647 18 27 dep design 3009:3014 arg1 the 3005:3007 the 3005:3007 the 3005:3007 Due to the role of alginate in pathogenesis as well as its unique material properties harnessed in numerous applications, results obtained in this study will aid the design and development of inhibitory drugs as well as the commercial bacterial production of tailor-made alginates. 25968647 4 28 theme Site-specific 516:528 arg1 mutagenesis 530:540 Site-specific mutagenesis 516:540 Site-specific mutagenesis of Alg44 516:549 Site-specific mutagenesis of Alg44 showed that protein-protein interactions and stability were independent of conserved amino acid residues R17 and R21, which are involved in c-di-GMP binding, the N-terminal PilZ domain, and the C-terminal 26 amino acids. 25968647 18 29 theme material 2909:2916 arg1 properties 2918:2927 its unique material properties 2898:2927 pathogenesis as well as its unique material properties harnessed in numerous applications 2874:2962 Due to the role of alginate in pathogenesis as well as its unique material properties harnessed in numerous applications, results obtained in this study will aid the design and development of inhibitory drugs as well as the commercial bacterial production of tailor-made alginates. 25968647 1 30 theme multiprotein 197:208 arg1 complex 210:216 a proposed envelope-spanning multiprotein complex 168:216 a proposed envelope-spanning multiprotein complex 168:216 UNLABELLED The molecular mechanisms of alginate polymerization/modification/secretion by a proposed envelope-spanning multiprotein complex are unknown. 25968647 5 31 theme PilZAlg44 893:901 arg1 domain 903:908 the PilZAlg44 domain 889:908 the PilZAlg44 domain 889:908 Site-specific mutagenesis was employed to investigate the c-di-GMP-mediated activation of alginate polymerization by the PilZAlg44 domain and Alg8. 25968647 18 32 theme commercial 3067:3076 arg1 production 3088:3097 the commercial bacterial production 3063:3097 the design and development of inhibitory drugs as well as the commercial bacterial production of tailor-made alginates 3005:3122 Due to the role of alginate in pathogenesis as well as its unique material properties harnessed in numerous applications, results obtained in this study will aid the design and development of inhibitory drugs as well as the commercial bacterial production of tailor-made alginates. 25968647 1 33 theme alginate 118:125 arg1 polymerization/modification/secretion 127:163 alginate polymerization/modification/secretion 118:163 alginate polymerization/modification/secretion 118:163 UNLABELLED The molecular mechanisms of alginate polymerization/modification/secretion by a proposed envelope-spanning multiprotein complex are unknown. 25968647 14 34 theme alginate 2166:2173 arg1 synthesis 2126:2134 the synthesis 2122:2134 the synthesis of the unique polysaccharide, alginate, which not only is an important virulence factor of the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa but also has, due to its material properties, many applications in medicine and industry 2122:2370 IMPORTANCE This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the synthesis of the unique polysaccharide, alginate, which not only is an important virulence factor of the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa but also has, due to its material properties, many applications in medicine and industry. 25968647 14 35 from applications 2334:2345 arg1 industry 2363:2370 industry 2363:2370 industry 2363:2370 IMPORTANCE This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the synthesis of the unique polysaccharide, alginate, which not only is an important virulence factor of the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa but also has, due to its material properties, many applications in medicine and industry. 25968647 14 35 from applications 2334:2345 arg1 medicine 2350:2357 medicine 2350:2357 medicine 2350:2357 IMPORTANCE This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the synthesis of the unique polysaccharide, alginate, which not only is an important virulence factor of the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa but also has, due to its material properties, many applications in medicine and industry. 25968647 4 36 theme protein-protein 563:577 arg1 interactions 579:590 protein-protein interactions 563:590 protein-protein interactions 563:590 Site-specific mutagenesis of Alg44 showed that protein-protein interactions and stability were independent of conserved amino acid residues R17 and R21, which are involved in c-di-GMP binding, the N-terminal PilZ domain, and the C-terminal 26 amino acids. 25968647 14 37 theme human 2245:2249 arg1 pathogen 2251:2258 the opportunistic human pathogen 2227:2258 the opportunistic human pathogen 2227:2258 IMPORTANCE This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the synthesis of the unique polysaccharide, alginate, which not only is an important virulence factor of the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa but also has, due to its material properties, many applications in medicine and industry. 25968647 5 38 theme alginate 862:869 arg1 polymerization 871:884 alginate polymerization 862:884 alginate polymerization 862:884 Site-specific mutagenesis was employed to investigate the c-di-GMP-mediated activation of alginate polymerization by the PilZAlg44 domain and Alg8. 25968647 18 39 theme tailor-made 3102:3112 arg1 alginates 3114:3122 tailor-made alginates 3102:3122 tailor-made alginates 3102:3122 Due to the role of alginate in pathogenesis as well as its unique material properties harnessed in numerous applications, results obtained in this study will aid the design and development of inhibitory drugs as well as the commercial bacterial production of tailor-made alginates. 25968647 14 40 theme polysaccharide 2150:2163 arg1 alginate 2166:2173 the unique polysaccharide, alginate 2139:2173 alginate 2166:2173 IMPORTANCE This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the synthesis of the unique polysaccharide, alginate, which not only is an important virulence factor of the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa but also has, due to its material properties, many applications in medicine and industry. 25968647 14 40 theme polysaccharide 2150:2163 arg1 factor 2217:2222 an important virulence factor 2194:2222 an important virulence factor of the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2194:2281 IMPORTANCE This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the synthesis of the unique polysaccharide, alginate, which not only is an important virulence factor of the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa but also has, due to its material properties, many applications in medicine and industry. 25968647 5 41 theme polymerization 871:884 arg1 activation 848:857 the c-di-GMP-mediated activation 826:857 the c-di-GMP-mediated activation of alginate polymerization by the PilZAlg44 domain and Alg8 826:917 Site-specific mutagenesis was employed to investigate the c-di-GMP-mediated activation of alginate polymerization by the PilZAlg44 domain and Alg8. 25968647 18 42 theme alginate 2862:2869 arg1 role 2854:2857 the role 2850:2857 the role of alginate in pathogenesis as well as its unique material properties harnessed in numerous applications 2850:2962 Due to the role of alginate in pathogenesis as well as its unique material properties harnessed in numerous applications, results obtained in this study will aid the design and development of inhibitory drugs as well as the commercial bacterial production of tailor-made alginates. 25968647 18 43 from role 2854:2857 arg1 pathogenesis 2874:2885 pathogenesis 2874:2885 pathogenesis as well as its unique material properties harnessed in numerous applications 2874:2962 Due to the role of alginate in pathogenesis as well as its unique material properties harnessed in numerous applications, results obtained in this study will aid the design and development of inhibitory drugs as well as the commercial bacterial production of tailor-made alginates. 25968647 18 43 from role 2854:2857 arg1 properties 2918:2927 its unique material properties 2898:2927 pathogenesis as well as its unique material properties harnessed in numerous applications 2874:2962 Due to the role of alginate in pathogenesis as well as its unique material properties harnessed in numerous applications, results obtained in this study will aid the design and development of inhibitory drugs as well as the commercial bacterial production of tailor-made alginates. 25968647 14 44 theme synthesis 2126:2134 arg1 mechanisms 2108:2117 the molecular mechanisms 2094:2117 the molecular mechanisms of the synthesis of the unique polysaccharide, alginate, which not only is an important virulence factor of the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa but also has, due to its material properties, many applications in medicine and industry 2094:2370 IMPORTANCE This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the synthesis of the unique polysaccharide, alginate, which not only is an important virulence factor of the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa but also has, due to its material properties, many applications in medicine and industry. 25968647 14 45 theme important 2197:2205 arg1 alginate 2166:2173 the unique polysaccharide, alginate 2139:2173 alginate 2166:2173 IMPORTANCE This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the synthesis of the unique polysaccharide, alginate, which not only is an important virulence factor of the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa but also has, due to its material properties, many applications in medicine and industry. 25968647 14 45 theme important 2197:2205 arg1 factor 2217:2222 an important virulence factor 2194:2222 an important virulence factor of the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2194:2281 IMPORTANCE This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the synthesis of the unique polysaccharide, alginate, which not only is an important virulence factor of the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa but also has, due to its material properties, many applications in medicine and industry. 25968647 6 46 theme activation 975:984 arg1 mechanism 986:994 the proposed activation mechanism 962:994 the proposed activation mechanism for cellulose synthesis 962:1018 Activation was found to be different from the proposed activation mechanism for cellulose synthesis. 25968647 4 47 theme amino 636:640 arg1 residues 647:654 conserved amino acid residues R17 and R21 626:666 conserved amino acid residues R17 and R21 626:666 Site-specific mutagenesis of Alg44 showed that protein-protein interactions and stability were independent of conserved amino acid residues R17 and R21, which are involved in c-di-GMP binding, the N-terminal PilZ domain, and the C-terminal 26 amino acids. 25968647 4 47 theme amino 636:640 arg1 R21 664:666 R21 664:666 R21 664:666 Site-specific mutagenesis of Alg44 showed that protein-protein interactions and stability were independent of conserved amino acid residues R17 and R21, which are involved in c-di-GMP binding, the N-terminal PilZ domain, and the C-terminal 26 amino acids. 25968647 4 47 theme amino 636:640 arg1 R17 656:658 R17 656:658 R17 656:658 Site-specific mutagenesis of Alg44 showed that protein-protein interactions and stability were independent of conserved amino acid residues R17 and R21, which are involved in c-di-GMP binding, the N-terminal PilZ domain, and the C-terminal 26 amino acids. 25968647 16 48 theme alginate 2676:2683 arg1 polymerization/modification 2685:2711 alginate polymerization/modification 2676:2711 alginate polymerization/modification 2676:2711 We identified a protein-protein interaction network inside the multiprotein complex and studied its relevance with respect to alginate polymerization/modification as well as the c-di-GMP-mediated activation mechanism. 25968647 2 49 theme cytoplasmic 407:417 arg1 membrane 419:426 the cytoplasmic membrane 403:426 the cytoplasmic membrane 403:426 Here, bacterial two-hybrid assays and pulldown experiments showed that the catalytic subunit Alg8 directly interacts with the proposed copolymerase Alg44 while embedded in the cytoplasmic membrane. 25968647 16 50 theme c-di-GMP-mediated 2728:2744 arg1 mechanism 2757:2765 the c-di-GMP-mediated activation mechanism 2724:2765 its relevance with respect to alginate polymerization/modification as well as the c-di-GMP-mediated activation mechanism 2646:2765 We identified a protein-protein interaction network inside the multiprotein complex and studied its relevance with respect to alginate polymerization/modification as well as the c-di-GMP-mediated activation mechanism. 25968647 14 51 theme molecular 2098:2106 arg1 mechanisms 2108:2117 the molecular mechanisms 2094:2117 the molecular mechanisms of the synthesis of the unique polysaccharide, alginate, which not only is an important virulence factor of the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa but also has, due to its material properties, many applications in medicine and industry 2094:2370 IMPORTANCE This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the synthesis of the unique polysaccharide, alginate, which not only is an important virulence factor of the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa but also has, due to its material properties, many applications in medicine and industry. 25968647 4 52 theme residues 647:654 arg1 independent 611:621 independent 611:621 independent 611:621 Site-specific mutagenesis of Alg44 showed that protein-protein interactions and stability were independent of conserved amino acid residues R17 and R21, which are involved in c-di-GMP binding, the N-terminal PilZ domain, and the C-terminal 26 amino acids. 25968647 16 53 theme interaction 2582:2592 arg1 network 2594:2600 a protein-protein interaction network 2564:2600 a protein-protein interaction network 2564:2600 We identified a protein-protein interaction network inside the multiprotein complex and studied its relevance with respect to alginate polymerization/modification as well as the c-di-GMP-mediated activation mechanism. 25968647 7 54 theme Alg8 1045:1048 arg1 role 1037:1040 The interactive role 1021:1040 The interactive role of Alg8, Alg44, AlgG (epimerase), and AlgX (acetyltransferase) on alginate polymerization and modification 1021:1147 The interactive role of Alg8, Alg44, AlgG (epimerase), and AlgX (acetyltransferase) on alginate polymerization and modification was studied by using site-specific deletion mutants, inactive variants, and overproduction of subunits. 25968647 18 55 theme inhibitory 3035:3044 arg1 drugs 3046:3050 inhibitory drugs 3035:3050 inhibitory drugs 3035:3050 Due to the role of alginate in pathogenesis as well as its unique material properties harnessed in numerous applications, results obtained in this study will aid the design and development of inhibitory drugs as well as the commercial bacterial production of tailor-made alginates. 25968647 2 56 theme bacterial 237:245 arg1 assays 258:263 bacterial two-hybrid assays 237:263 bacterial two-hybrid assays 237:263 Here, bacterial two-hybrid assays and pulldown experiments showed that the catalytic subunit Alg8 directly interacts with the proposed copolymerase Alg44 while embedded in the cytoplasmic membrane. 25968647 11 57 theme cell 1722:1725 arg1 aggregation 1727:1737 cell aggregation 1722:1737 cell aggregation 1722:1737 Biofilm architecture analysis showed that acetyl groups promoted cell aggregation while nonacetylated polymannuronate alginate promoted stigmergy. 25968647 0 58 dep Alginate 0:7 arg1 Modification 28:39 Modification 28:39 Modification 28:39 Alginate Polymerization and Modification Are Linked in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 25968647 0 58 dep Alginate 0:7 arg1 Polymerization 9:22 Polymerization 9:22 Polymerization 9:22 Alginate Polymerization and Modification Are Linked in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 25968647 13 59 theme activation 1937:1946 arg1 mechanism 1948:1956 the activation mechanism 1933:1956 the activation mechanism 1933:1956 Furthermore, the activation mechanism and the interplay between polymerization and modification of alginate were elucidated. 25968647 11 60 theme polymannuronate 1759:1773 arg1 alginate 1775:1782 nonacetylated polymannuronate alginate 1745:1782 nonacetylated polymannuronate alginate 1745:1782 Biofilm architecture analysis showed that acetyl groups promoted cell aggregation while nonacetylated polymannuronate alginate promoted stigmergy. 25968647 16 61 theme multiprotein 2613:2624 arg1 complex 2626:2632 the multiprotein complex 2609:2632 the multiprotein complex 2609:2632 We identified a protein-protein interaction network inside the multiprotein complex and studied its relevance with respect to alginate polymerization/modification as well as the c-di-GMP-mediated activation mechanism. 25968647 15 62 theme multiprotein 2464:2475 arg1 complex 2477:2483 the alginate-synthesizing and envelope-spanning multiprotein complex 2416:2483 the alginate-synthesizing and envelope-spanning multiprotein complex 2416:2483 Unraveling the assembly and composition of the alginate-synthesizing and envelope-spanning multiprotein complex will be of tremendous significance for the scientific community. 25968647 18 63 theme bacterial 3078:3086 arg1 production 3088:3097 the commercial bacterial production 3063:3097 the design and development of inhibitory drugs as well as the commercial bacterial production of tailor-made alginates 3005:3122 Due to the role of alginate in pathogenesis as well as its unique material properties harnessed in numerous applications, results obtained in this study will aid the design and development of inhibitory drugs as well as the commercial bacterial production of tailor-made alginates. 25968647 12 64 theme complex 1879:1885 arg1 arrangement 1847:1857 the arrangement 1843:1857 the arrangement of the multiprotein complex involved in alginate production 1843:1917 Overall, this study sheds new light on the arrangement of the multiprotein complex involved in alginate production. 25968647 2 65 from membrane 419:426 arg1 embedded 391:398 embedded 391:398 embedded 391:398 Here, bacterial two-hybrid assays and pulldown experiments showed that the catalytic subunit Alg8 directly interacts with the proposed copolymerase Alg44 while embedded in the cytoplasmic membrane. 25968647 14 66 theme many 2329:2332 arg1 applications 2334:2345 many applications 2329:2345 many applications in medicine and industry 2329:2370 IMPORTANCE This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the synthesis of the unique polysaccharide, alginate, which not only is an important virulence factor of the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa but also has, due to its material properties, many applications in medicine and industry. 25968647 7 67 theme inactive 1202:1209 arg1 variants 1211:1218 inactive variants 1202:1218 inactive variants 1202:1218 The interactive role of Alg8, Alg44, AlgG (epimerase), and AlgX (acetyltransferase) on alginate polymerization and modification was studied by using site-specific deletion mutants, inactive variants, and overproduction of subunits. 25968647 15 68 dep assembly 2388:2395 arg1 the 2384:2386 the 2384:2386 the 2384:2386 Unraveling the assembly and composition of the alginate-synthesizing and envelope-spanning multiprotein complex will be of tremendous significance for the scientific community. 25968647 11 69 theme Biofilm 1657:1663 arg1 analysis 1678:1685 Biofilm architecture analysis 1657:1685 Biofilm architecture analysis 1657:1685 Biofilm architecture analysis showed that acetyl groups promoted cell aggregation while nonacetylated polymannuronate alginate promoted stigmergy. 25968647 4 70 theme 26 amino 756:763 arg1 acids 765:769 the C-terminal 26 amino acids 741:769 the C-terminal 26 amino acids 741:769 Site-specific mutagenesis of Alg44 showed that protein-protein interactions and stability were independent of conserved amino acid residues R17 and R21, which are involved in c-di-GMP binding, the N-terminal PilZ domain, and the C-terminal 26 amino acids. 25968647 7 71 theme site-specific 1170:1182 arg1 mutants 1193:1199 site-specific deletion mutants 1170:1199 site-specific deletion mutants 1170:1199 The interactive role of Alg8, Alg44, AlgG (epimerase), and AlgX (acetyltransferase) on alginate polymerization and modification was studied by using site-specific deletion mutants, inactive variants, and overproduction of subunits. 25968647 10 72 theme nonepimerizing 1500:1513 arg1 D324A 1528:1532 D324A 1528:1532 D324A 1528:1532 Interestingly, when overproduced, Alg44, AlgG, and the nonepimerizing variant AlgG(D324A) increased the degree of acetylation, while epimerization was enhanced by AlgX and its nonacetylating variant AlgX(S269A). 25968647 10 72 theme nonepimerizing 1500:1513 arg1 AlgG 1523:1526 the nonepimerizing variant AlgG 1496:1526 the nonepimerizing variant AlgG(D324A) 1496:1533 Interestingly, when overproduced, Alg44, AlgG, and the nonepimerizing variant AlgG(D324A) increased the degree of acetylation, while epimerization was enhanced by AlgX and its nonacetylating variant AlgX(S269A). 25968647 2 73 theme copolymerase 366:377 arg1 Alg44 379:383 the proposed copolymerase Alg44 353:383 the proposed copolymerase Alg44 353:383 Here, bacterial two-hybrid assays and pulldown experiments showed that the catalytic subunit Alg8 directly interacts with the proposed copolymerase Alg44 while embedded in the cytoplasmic membrane. 25968647 4 74 theme Alg44 545:549 arg1 mutagenesis 530:540 Site-specific mutagenesis 516:540 Site-specific mutagenesis of Alg44 516:549 Site-specific mutagenesis of Alg44 showed that protein-protein interactions and stability were independent of conserved amino acid residues R17 and R21, which are involved in c-di-GMP binding, the N-terminal PilZ domain, and the C-terminal 26 amino acids. 25968647 4 75 theme PilZ 724:727 arg1 domain 729:734 the N-terminal PilZ domain 709:734 the N-terminal PilZ domain 709:734 Site-specific mutagenesis of Alg44 showed that protein-protein interactions and stability were independent of conserved amino acid residues R17 and R21, which are involved in c-di-GMP binding, the N-terminal PilZ domain, and the C-terminal 26 amino acids. 25968647 8 76 theme resulting 1316:1324 arg1 alginates 1332:1340 resulting novel alginates 1316:1340 resulting novel alginates 1316:1340 The compositions, molecular masses, and material properties of resulting novel alginates were analyzed. 25968647 14 77 dep only 2186:2189 arg1 not 2182:2184 not 2182:2184 not 2182:2184 IMPORTANCE This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the synthesis of the unique polysaccharide, alginate, which not only is an important virulence factor of the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa but also has, due to its material properties, many applications in medicine and industry. 25968647 9 78 theme molecular 1361:1369 arg1 mass 1371:1374 The molecular mass 1357:1374 The molecular mass 1357:1374 The molecular mass was reduced by epimerization, while it was increased by acetylation. 25968647 1 79 theme polymerization/modification/secretion 127:163 arg1 mechanisms 104:113 The molecular mechanisms 90:113 UNLABELLED The molecular mechanisms of alginate polymerization/modification/secretion by a proposed envelope-spanning multiprotein complex 79:216 UNLABELLED The molecular mechanisms of alginate polymerization/modification/secretion by a proposed envelope-spanning multiprotein complex are unknown. 25968647 1 79 theme polymerization/modification/secretion 127:163 arg1 unknown 222:228 unknown 222:228 unknown 222:228 UNLABELLED The molecular mechanisms of alginate polymerization/modification/secretion by a proposed envelope-spanning multiprotein complex are unknown. 25968647 8 80 theme alginates 1332:1340 arg1 properties 1302:1311 material properties 1293:1311 material properties 1293:1311 The compositions, molecular masses, and material properties of resulting novel alginates were analyzed. 25968647 8 80 theme alginates 1332:1340 arg1 compositions 1257:1268 The compositions 1253:1268 The compositions 1253:1268 The compositions, molecular masses, and material properties of resulting novel alginates were analyzed. 25968647 8 80 theme alginates 1332:1340 arg1 masses 1281:1286 molecular masses 1271:1286 molecular masses 1271:1286 The compositions, molecular masses, and material properties of resulting novel alginates were analyzed. 25968647 15 81 theme scientific 2528:2537 arg1 community 2539:2547 the scientific community 2524:2547 the scientific community 2524:2547 Unraveling the assembly and composition of the alginate-synthesizing and envelope-spanning multiprotein complex will be of tremendous significance for the scientific community. 25968647 10 82 dep AlgX 1608:1611 arg1 S269A 1649:1653 S269A 1649:1653 S269A 1649:1653 Interestingly, when overproduced, Alg44, AlgG, and the nonepimerizing variant AlgG(D324A) increased the degree of acetylation, while epimerization was enhanced by AlgX and its nonacetylating variant AlgX(S269A). 25968647 18 83 theme numerous 2942:2949 arg1 applications 2951:2962 numerous applications 2942:2962 numerous applications 2942:2962 Due to the role of alginate in pathogenesis as well as its unique material properties harnessed in numerous applications, results obtained in this study will aid the design and development of inhibitory drugs as well as the commercial bacterial production of tailor-made alginates. 25968647 2 84 theme catalytic 306:314 arg1 subunit 316:322 the catalytic subunit 302:322 the catalytic subunit Alg8 302:327 Here, bacterial two-hybrid assays and pulldown experiments showed that the catalytic subunit Alg8 directly interacts with the proposed copolymerase Alg44 while embedded in the cytoplasmic membrane. 25968647 1 85 theme envelope-spanning 179:195 arg1 complex 210:216 a proposed envelope-spanning multiprotein complex 168:216 a proposed envelope-spanning multiprotein complex 168:216 UNLABELLED The molecular mechanisms of alginate polymerization/modification/secretion by a proposed envelope-spanning multiprotein complex are unknown. 25968647 13 86 theme alginate 2019:2026 arg1 modification 2003:2014 modification 2003:2014 modification 2003:2014 Furthermore, the activation mechanism and the interplay between polymerization and modification of alginate were elucidated. 25968647 13 86 theme alginate 2019:2026 arg1 polymerization 1984:1997 polymerization 1984:1997 polymerization 1984:1997 Furthermore, the activation mechanism and the interplay between polymerization and modification of alginate were elucidated. 25968647 4 87 dep residues 647:654 arg1 residues 647:654 conserved amino acid residues R17 and R21 626:666 conserved amino acid residues R17 and R21 626:666 Site-specific mutagenesis of Alg44 showed that protein-protein interactions and stability were independent of conserved amino acid residues R17 and R21, which are involved in c-di-GMP binding, the N-terminal PilZ domain, and the C-terminal 26 amino acids. 25968647 4 87 dep residues 647:654 arg1 R21 664:666 R21 664:666 R21 664:666 Site-specific mutagenesis of Alg44 showed that protein-protein interactions and stability were independent of conserved amino acid residues R17 and R21, which are involved in c-di-GMP binding, the N-terminal PilZ domain, and the C-terminal 26 amino acids. 25968647 4 87 dep residues 647:654 arg1 R17 656:658 R17 656:658 R17 656:658 Site-specific mutagenesis of Alg44 showed that protein-protein interactions and stability were independent of conserved amino acid residues R17 and R21, which are involved in c-di-GMP binding, the N-terminal PilZ domain, and the C-terminal 26 amino acids. 25968647 7 88 theme AlgX 1080:1083 arg1 role 1037:1040 The interactive role 1021:1040 The interactive role of Alg8, Alg44, AlgG (epimerase), and AlgX (acetyltransferase) on alginate polymerization and modification 1021:1147 The interactive role of Alg8, Alg44, AlgG (epimerase), and AlgX (acetyltransferase) on alginate polymerization and modification was studied by using site-specific deletion mutants, inactive variants, and overproduction of subunits. 25968647 4 89 theme conserved 626:634 arg1 residues 647:654 conserved amino acid residues R17 and R21 626:666 conserved amino acid residues R17 and R21 626:666 Site-specific mutagenesis of Alg44 showed that protein-protein interactions and stability were independent of conserved amino acid residues R17 and R21, which are involved in c-di-GMP binding, the N-terminal PilZ domain, and the C-terminal 26 amino acids. 25968647 4 89 theme conserved 626:634 arg1 R21 664:666 R21 664:666 R21 664:666 Site-specific mutagenesis of Alg44 showed that protein-protein interactions and stability were independent of conserved amino acid residues R17 and R21, which are involved in c-di-GMP binding, the N-terminal PilZ domain, and the C-terminal 26 amino acids. 25968647 4 89 theme conserved 626:634 arg1 R17 656:658 R17 656:658 R17 656:658 Site-specific mutagenesis of Alg44 showed that protein-protein interactions and stability were independent of conserved amino acid residues R17 and R21, which are involved in c-di-GMP binding, the N-terminal PilZ domain, and the C-terminal 26 amino acids. 25968647 5 90 theme c-di-GMP-mediated 830:846 arg1 activation 848:857 the c-di-GMP-mediated activation 826:857 the c-di-GMP-mediated activation of alginate polymerization by the PilZAlg44 domain and Alg8 826:917 Site-specific mutagenesis was employed to investigate the c-di-GMP-mediated activation of alginate polymerization by the PilZAlg44 domain and Alg8. 25968647 14 91 theme pathogen 2251:2258 arg1 alginate 2166:2173 the unique polysaccharide, alginate 2139:2173 alginate 2166:2173 IMPORTANCE This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the synthesis of the unique polysaccharide, alginate, which not only is an important virulence factor of the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa but also has, due to its material properties, many applications in medicine and industry. 25968647 14 91 theme pathogen 2251:2258 arg1 factor 2217:2222 an important virulence factor 2194:2222 an important virulence factor of the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2194:2281 IMPORTANCE This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the synthesis of the unique polysaccharide, alginate, which not only is an important virulence factor of the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa but also has, due to its material properties, many applications in medicine and industry. 25968647 18 92 theme alginates 3114:3122 arg1 production 3088:3097 the commercial bacterial production 3063:3097 the design and development of inhibitory drugs as well as the commercial bacterial production of tailor-made alginates 3005:3122 Due to the role of alginate in pathogenesis as well as its unique material properties harnessed in numerous applications, results obtained in this study will aid the design and development of inhibitory drugs as well as the commercial bacterial production of tailor-made alginates. 25968647 18 92 theme alginates 3114:3122 arg1 development 3020:3030 development 3020:3030 development 3020:3030 Due to the role of alginate in pathogenesis as well as its unique material properties harnessed in numerous applications, results obtained in this study will aid the design and development of inhibitory drugs as well as the commercial bacterial production of tailor-made alginates. 25968647 18 92 theme alginates 3114:3122 arg1 design 3009:3014 design 3009:3014 design 3009:3014 Due to the role of alginate in pathogenesis as well as its unique material properties harnessed in numerous applications, results obtained in this study will aid the design and development of inhibitory drugs as well as the commercial bacterial production of tailor-made alginates. 25968647 1 93 theme UNLABELLED 79:88 arg1 mechanisms 104:113 The molecular mechanisms 90:113 UNLABELLED The molecular mechanisms of alginate polymerization/modification/secretion by a proposed envelope-spanning multiprotein complex 79:216 UNLABELLED The molecular mechanisms of alginate polymerization/modification/secretion by a proposed envelope-spanning multiprotein complex are unknown. 25968647 1 93 theme UNLABELLED 79:88 arg1 unknown 222:228 unknown 222:228 unknown 222:228 UNLABELLED The molecular mechanisms of alginate polymerization/modification/secretion by a proposed envelope-spanning multiprotein complex are unknown. 25968647 10 94 theme acetylation 1559:1569 arg1 degree 1549:1554 the degree 1545:1554 the degree of acetylation 1545:1569 Interestingly, when overproduced, Alg44, AlgG, and the nonepimerizing variant AlgG(D324A) increased the degree of acetylation, while epimerization was enhanced by AlgX and its nonacetylating variant AlgX(S269A). 25968647 17 95 theme alginate 2791:2798 arg1 polymerization 2800:2813 alginate polymerization 2791:2813 alginate polymerization 2791:2813 A relationship between alginate polymerization and modification was shown. 25968647 7 96 theme AlgG 1058:1061 arg1 role 1037:1040 The interactive role 1021:1040 The interactive role of Alg8, Alg44, AlgG (epimerase), and AlgX (acetyltransferase) on alginate polymerization and modification 1021:1147 The interactive role of Alg8, Alg44, AlgG (epimerase), and AlgX (acetyltransferase) on alginate polymerization and modification was studied by using site-specific deletion mutants, inactive variants, and overproduction of subunits. 25968647 14 97 theme unique 2143:2148 arg1 alginate 2166:2173 the unique polysaccharide, alginate 2139:2173 alginate 2166:2173 IMPORTANCE This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the synthesis of the unique polysaccharide, alginate, which not only is an important virulence factor of the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa but also has, due to its material properties, many applications in medicine and industry. 25968647 14 97 theme unique 2143:2148 arg1 factor 2217:2222 an important virulence factor 2194:2222 an important virulence factor of the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2194:2281 IMPORTANCE This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the synthesis of the unique polysaccharide, alginate, which not only is an important virulence factor of the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa but also has, due to its material properties, many applications in medicine and industry. 25968647 3 98 theme lipoprotein 467:477 arg1 AlgK 479:482 the lipoprotein AlgK 463:482 the lipoprotein AlgK bridging the periplasmic space 463:513 Alg44 additionally interacts with the lipoprotein AlgK bridging the periplasmic space. 25968647 7 99 from role 1037:1040 arg1 modification 1136:1147 modification 1136:1147 modification 1136:1147 The interactive role of Alg8, Alg44, AlgG (epimerase), and AlgX (acetyltransferase) on alginate polymerization and modification was studied by using site-specific deletion mutants, inactive variants, and overproduction of subunits. 25968647 7 99 from role 1037:1040 arg1 polymerization 1117:1130 alginate polymerization 1108:1130 alginate polymerization 1108:1130 The interactive role of Alg8, Alg44, AlgG (epimerase), and AlgX (acetyltransferase) on alginate polymerization and modification was studied by using site-specific deletion mutants, inactive variants, and overproduction of subunits. 25968647 18 100 theme unique 2902:2907 arg1 properties 2918:2927 its unique material properties 2898:2927 pathogenesis as well as its unique material properties harnessed in numerous applications 2874:2962 Due to the role of alginate in pathogenesis as well as its unique material properties harnessed in numerous applications, results obtained in this study will aid the design and development of inhibitory drugs as well as the commercial bacterial production of tailor-made alginates. 25968647 15 101 theme alginate-synthesizing 2420:2440 arg1 complex 2477:2483 the alginate-synthesizing and envelope-spanning multiprotein complex 2416:2483 the alginate-synthesizing and envelope-spanning multiprotein complex 2416:2483 Unraveling the assembly and composition of the alginate-synthesizing and envelope-spanning multiprotein complex will be of tremendous significance for the scientific community. 25968647 7 102 theme Alg44 1051:1055 arg1 role 1037:1040 The interactive role 1021:1040 The interactive role of Alg8, Alg44, AlgG (epimerase), and AlgX (acetyltransferase) on alginate polymerization and modification 1021:1147 The interactive role of Alg8, Alg44, AlgG (epimerase), and AlgX (acetyltransferase) on alginate polymerization and modification was studied by using site-specific deletion mutants, inactive variants, and overproduction of subunits. 25968647 14 103 theme virulence 2207:2215 arg1 alginate 2166:2173 the unique polysaccharide, alginate 2139:2173 alginate 2166:2173 IMPORTANCE This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the synthesis of the unique polysaccharide, alginate, which not only is an important virulence factor of the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa but also has, due to its material properties, many applications in medicine and industry. 25968647 14 103 theme virulence 2207:2215 arg1 factor 2217:2222 an important virulence factor 2194:2222 an important virulence factor of the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2194:2281 IMPORTANCE This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the synthesis of the unique polysaccharide, alginate, which not only is an important virulence factor of the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa but also has, due to its material properties, many applications in medicine and industry. 25968647 14 104 dep IMPORTANCE 2045:2054 arg1 provides 2067:2074 provides 2067:2074 provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the synthesis of the unique polysaccharide, alginate, which not only is an important virulence factor of the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa but also has, due to its material properties, many applications in medicine and industry 2067:2370 IMPORTANCE This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the synthesis of the unique polysaccharide, alginate, which not only is an important virulence factor of the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa but also has, due to its material properties, many applications in medicine and industry. 25968647 3 105 theme periplasmic 497:507 arg1 space 509:513 the periplasmic space 493:513 the periplasmic space 493:513 Alg44 additionally interacts with the lipoprotein AlgK bridging the periplasmic space. 25968647 4 106 theme acid 642:645 arg1 residues 647:654 conserved amino acid residues R17 and R21 626:666 conserved amino acid residues R17 and R21 626:666 Site-specific mutagenesis of Alg44 showed that protein-protein interactions and stability were independent of conserved amino acid residues R17 and R21, which are involved in c-di-GMP binding, the N-terminal PilZ domain, and the C-terminal 26 amino acids. 25968647 4 106 theme acid 642:645 arg1 R21 664:666 R21 664:666 R21 664:666 Site-specific mutagenesis of Alg44 showed that protein-protein interactions and stability were independent of conserved amino acid residues R17 and R21, which are involved in c-di-GMP binding, the N-terminal PilZ domain, and the C-terminal 26 amino acids. 25968647 4 106 theme acid 642:645 arg1 R17 656:658 R17 656:658 R17 656:658 Site-specific mutagenesis of Alg44 showed that protein-protein interactions and stability were independent of conserved amino acid residues R17 and R21, which are involved in c-di-GMP binding, the N-terminal PilZ domain, and the C-terminal 26 amino acids. 25968647 16 107 theme protein-protein 2566:2580 arg1 network 2594:2600 a protein-protein interaction network 2564:2600 a protein-protein interaction network 2564:2600 We identified a protein-protein interaction network inside the multiprotein complex and studied its relevance with respect to alginate polymerization/modification as well as the c-di-GMP-mediated activation mechanism. 25968647 7 108 theme subunits 1243:1250 arg1 mutants 1193:1199 site-specific deletion mutants 1170:1199 site-specific deletion mutants 1170:1199 The interactive role of Alg8, Alg44, AlgG (epimerase), and AlgX (acetyltransferase) on alginate polymerization and modification was studied by using site-specific deletion mutants, inactive variants, and overproduction of subunits. 25968647 7 108 theme subunits 1243:1250 arg1 variants 1211:1218 inactive variants 1202:1218 inactive variants 1202:1218 The interactive role of Alg8, Alg44, AlgG (epimerase), and AlgX (acetyltransferase) on alginate polymerization and modification was studied by using site-specific deletion mutants, inactive variants, and overproduction of subunits. 25968647 7 108 theme subunits 1243:1250 arg1 overproduction 1225:1238 overproduction 1225:1238 overproduction of subunits 1225:1250 The interactive role of Alg8, Alg44, AlgG (epimerase), and AlgX (acetyltransferase) on alginate polymerization and modification was studied by using site-specific deletion mutants, inactive variants, and overproduction of subunits. 25968647 6 109 theme proposed 966:973 arg1 mechanism 986:994 the proposed activation mechanism 962:994 the proposed activation mechanism for cellulose synthesis 962:1018 Activation was found to be different from the proposed activation mechanism for cellulose synthesis. 25968647 14 110 theme opportunistic 2231:2243 arg1 pathogen 2251:2258 the opportunistic human pathogen 2227:2258 the opportunistic human pathogen 2227:2258 IMPORTANCE This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the synthesis of the unique polysaccharide, alginate, which not only is an important virulence factor of the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa but also has, due to its material properties, many applications in medicine and industry. 25968647 11 111 theme architecture 1665:1676 arg1 analysis 1678:1685 Biofilm architecture analysis 1657:1685 Biofilm architecture analysis 1657:1685 Biofilm architecture analysis showed that acetyl groups promoted cell aggregation while nonacetylated polymannuronate alginate promoted stigmergy. 25968647 14 112 theme new 2076:2078 arg1 insights 2080:2087 new insights 2076:2087 new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the synthesis of the unique polysaccharide, alginate, which not only is an important virulence factor of the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa but also has, due to its material properties, many applications in medicine and industry 2076:2370 IMPORTANCE This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the synthesis of the unique polysaccharide, alginate, which not only is an important virulence factor of the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa but also has, due to its material properties, many applications in medicine and industry. 25968647 2 113 theme two-hybrid 247:256 arg1 assays 258:263 bacterial two-hybrid assays 237:263 bacterial two-hybrid assays 237:263 Here, bacterial two-hybrid assays and pulldown experiments showed that the catalytic subunit Alg8 directly interacts with the proposed copolymerase Alg44 while embedded in the cytoplasmic membrane. 25968647 7 114 theme interactive 1025:1035 arg1 role 1037:1040 The interactive role 1021:1040 The interactive role of Alg8, Alg44, AlgG (epimerase), and AlgX (acetyltransferase) on alginate polymerization and modification 1021:1147 The interactive role of Alg8, Alg44, AlgG (epimerase), and AlgX (acetyltransferase) on alginate polymerization and modification was studied by using site-specific deletion mutants, inactive variants, and overproduction of subunits. 25968647 15 115 theme tremendous 2496:2505 arg1 significance 2507:2518 tremendous significance 2496:2518 tremendous significance 2496:2518 Unraveling the assembly and composition of the alginate-synthesizing and envelope-spanning multiprotein complex will be of tremendous significance for the scientific community. 25968647 16 116 theme activation 2746:2755 arg1 mechanism 2757:2765 the c-di-GMP-mediated activation mechanism 2724:2765 its relevance with respect to alginate polymerization/modification as well as the c-di-GMP-mediated activation mechanism 2646:2765 We identified a protein-protein interaction network inside the multiprotein complex and studied its relevance with respect to alginate polymerization/modification as well as the c-di-GMP-mediated activation mechanism. 25968647 12 117 theme alginate 1899:1906 arg1 production 1908:1917 alginate production 1899:1917 alginate production 1899:1917 Overall, this study sheds new light on the arrangement of the multiprotein complex involved in alginate production. 25968647 4 118 theme N-terminal 713:722 arg1 domain 729:734 the N-terminal PilZ domain 709:734 the N-terminal PilZ domain 709:734 Site-specific mutagenesis of Alg44 showed that protein-protein interactions and stability were independent of conserved amino acid residues R17 and R21, which are involved in c-di-GMP binding, the N-terminal PilZ domain, and the C-terminal 26 amino acids. 25968647 11 119 theme nonacetylated 1745:1757 arg1 alginate 1775:1782 nonacetylated polymannuronate alginate 1745:1782 nonacetylated polymannuronate alginate 1745:1782 Biofilm architecture analysis showed that acetyl groups promoted cell aggregation while nonacetylated polymannuronate alginate promoted stigmergy. 25968647 11 120 theme acetyl 1699:1704 arg1 groups 1706:1711 acetyl groups 1699:1711 acetyl groups 1699:1711 Biofilm architecture analysis showed that acetyl groups promoted cell aggregation while nonacetylated polymannuronate alginate promoted stigmergy. 24300585 1 0 theme environmental 151:163 arg1 sorbent 165:171 a novel environmental sorbent 143:171 a novel environmental sorbent that combines the advantages of biochar, chitosan, and zerovalent iron (ZVI) 143:248 This work describes the synthesis and testing of a novel environmental sorbent that combines the advantages of biochar, chitosan, and zerovalent iron (ZVI). 24300585 6 1 with attraction 931:940 arg1 particles 956:964 the iron particles 947:964 the iron particles on the BBCF surfaces 947:985 Removal of anionic contaminants (As(V) and P) was likely controlled by electrostatic attraction with the iron particles on the BBCF surfaces. 24300585 1 2 theme sorbent 165:171 arg1 testing 132:138 testing 132:138 testing 132:138 This work describes the synthesis and testing of a novel environmental sorbent that combines the advantages of biochar, chitosan, and zerovalent iron (ZVI). 24300585 1 2 theme sorbent 165:171 arg1 synthesis 118:126 synthesis 118:126 synthesis 118:126 This work describes the synthesis and testing of a novel environmental sorbent that combines the advantages of biochar, chitosan, and zerovalent iron (ZVI). 24300585 2 3 used used 264:267 arg2 Chitosan 251:258 Chitosan 251:258 Chitosan 251:258 Chitosan was used as a dispersing and soldering reagent to attach fine ZVI particles onto bamboo biochar surfaces. 24300585 2 3 used used 264:267 arg2 reagent 299:305 a dispersing and soldering reagent 272:305 a dispersing and soldering reagent to attach fine ZVI particles onto bamboo biochar surfaces 272:363 Chitosan was used as a dispersing and soldering reagent to attach fine ZVI particles onto bamboo biochar surfaces. 24300585 4 4 theme enhanced 570:577 arg1 ability 579:585 enhanced ability 570:585 enhanced ability to sorb heavy metals (Pb(II), Cr(VI), and As(V)), phosphate (P), and methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions 570:697 The BBCF showed enhanced ability to sorb heavy metals (Pb(II), Cr(VI), and As(V)), phosphate (P), and methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. 24300585 7 5 theme additional 991:1000 arg1 benefit 1002:1008 An additional benefit 988:1008 An additional benefit 988:1008 An additional benefit is that the contaminant-laden BBCF could be removed from aqueous solution easily by magnetic attraction. 24300585 3 6 theme pore 539:542 arg1 networks 544:551 the biochar pore networks 527:551 the biochar pore networks 527:551 Characterization of the resulted ZVI-biochar composites (BBCF) indicated that chitosan effectively soldered the iron particles onto carbonaceous surfaces within the biochar pore networks. 24300585 6 7 theme contaminants 865:876 arg1 Removal 846:852 Removal 846:852 Removal of anionic contaminants (As(V) and P) 846:890 Removal of anionic contaminants (As(V) and P) was likely controlled by electrostatic attraction with the iron particles on the BBCF surfaces. 24300585 4 8 theme sorb 590:593 arg1 metals 601:606 sorb heavy metals 590:606 sorb heavy metals (Pb(II), Cr(VI), and As(V)) 590:634 The BBCF showed enhanced ability to sorb heavy metals (Pb(II), Cr(VI), and As(V)), phosphate (P), and methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. 24300585 4 8 theme sorb 590:593 arg1 Cr 617:618 Cr 617:618 Cr(VI) 617:622 The BBCF showed enhanced ability to sorb heavy metals (Pb(II), Cr(VI), and As(V)), phosphate (P), and methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. 24300585 4 8 theme sorb 590:593 arg1 Pb 609:610 Pb 609:610 Pb(II) 609:614 The BBCF showed enhanced ability to sorb heavy metals (Pb(II), Cr(VI), and As(V)), phosphate (P), and methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. 24300585 5 9 theme biochar-supported 745:761 arg1 ZVI 763:765 the biochar-supported ZVI 741:765 the biochar-supported ZVI 741:765 The removal of Pb(II), Cr(VI), and MB by the biochar-supported ZVI was mainly controlled by both the reduction and surface adsorption mechanisms. 24300585 6 10 theme BBCF 973:976 arg1 surfaces 978:985 the BBCF surfaces 969:985 the BBCF surfaces 969:985 Removal of anionic contaminants (As(V) and P) was likely controlled by electrostatic attraction with the iron particles on the BBCF surfaces. 24300585 2 11 theme fine 317:320 arg1 particles 326:334 fine ZVI particles 317:334 fine ZVI particles onto bamboo biochar surfaces 317:363 Chitosan was used as a dispersing and soldering reagent to attach fine ZVI particles onto bamboo biochar surfaces. 24300585 1 12 dep synthesis 118:126 arg1 the 114:116 the 114:116 the 114:116 This work describes the synthesis and testing of a novel environmental sorbent that combines the advantages of biochar, chitosan, and zerovalent iron (ZVI). 24300585 4 13 from solutions 689:697 arg1 ability 579:585 enhanced ability 570:585 enhanced ability to sorb heavy metals (Pb(II), Cr(VI), and As(V)), phosphate (P), and methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions 570:697 The BBCF showed enhanced ability to sorb heavy metals (Pb(II), Cr(VI), and As(V)), phosphate (P), and methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. 24300585 3 14 theme biochar 531:537 arg1 networks 544:551 the biochar pore networks 527:551 the biochar pore networks 527:551 Characterization of the resulted ZVI-biochar composites (BBCF) indicated that chitosan effectively soldered the iron particles onto carbonaceous surfaces within the biochar pore networks. 24300585 0 15 from removal 38:44 arg1 solutions 83:91 aqueous solutions 75:91 aqueous solutions 75:91 Biochar-supported zerovalent iron for removal of various contaminants from aqueous solutions. 24300585 2 16 theme soldering 289:297 arg1 reagent 299:305 a dispersing and soldering reagent 272:305 a dispersing and soldering reagent to attach fine ZVI particles onto bamboo biochar surfaces 272:363 Chitosan was used as a dispersing and soldering reagent to attach fine ZVI particles onto bamboo biochar surfaces. 24300585 2 16 theme soldering 289:297 arg1 Chitosan 251:258 Chitosan 251:258 Chitosan 251:258 Chitosan was used as a dispersing and soldering reagent to attach fine ZVI particles onto bamboo biochar surfaces. 24300585 3 17 theme composites 411:420 arg1 Characterization 366:381 Characterization 366:381 Characterization of the resulted ZVI-biochar composites (BBCF) 366:427 Characterization of the resulted ZVI-biochar composites (BBCF) indicated that chitosan effectively soldered the iron particles onto carbonaceous surfaces within the biochar pore networks. 24300585 6 18 theme iron 951:954 arg1 particles 956:964 the iron particles 947:964 the iron particles on the BBCF surfaces 947:985 Removal of anionic contaminants (As(V) and P) was likely controlled by electrostatic attraction with the iron particles on the BBCF surfaces. 24300585 2 19 theme biochar 348:354 arg1 surfaces 356:363 bamboo biochar surfaces 341:363 bamboo biochar surfaces 341:363 Chitosan was used as a dispersing and soldering reagent to attach fine ZVI particles onto bamboo biochar surfaces. 24300585 2 20 theme dispersing 274:283 arg1 reagent 299:305 a dispersing and soldering reagent 272:305 a dispersing and soldering reagent to attach fine ZVI particles onto bamboo biochar surfaces 272:363 Chitosan was used as a dispersing and soldering reagent to attach fine ZVI particles onto bamboo biochar surfaces. 24300585 2 20 theme dispersing 274:283 arg1 Chitosan 251:258 Chitosan 251:258 Chitosan 251:258 Chitosan was used as a dispersing and soldering reagent to attach fine ZVI particles onto bamboo biochar surfaces. 24300585 7 21 theme magnetic 1094:1101 arg1 attraction 1103:1112 magnetic attraction 1094:1112 magnetic attraction 1094:1112 An additional benefit is that the contaminant-laden BBCF could be removed from aqueous solution easily by magnetic attraction. 24300585 4 22 theme blue 666:669 arg1 methylene 656:664 methylene blue 656:669 methylene blue (MB) 656:674 The BBCF showed enhanced ability to sorb heavy metals (Pb(II), Cr(VI), and As(V)), phosphate (P), and methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. 24300585 4 22 theme blue 666:669 arg1 MB 672:673 MB 672:673 MB 672:673 The BBCF showed enhanced ability to sorb heavy metals (Pb(II), Cr(VI), and As(V)), phosphate (P), and methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. 24300585 2 23 theme ZVI 322:324 arg1 particles 326:334 fine ZVI particles 317:334 fine ZVI particles onto bamboo biochar surfaces 317:363 Chitosan was used as a dispersing and soldering reagent to attach fine ZVI particles onto bamboo biochar surfaces. 24300585 6 24 from particles 956:964 arg1 surfaces 978:985 the BBCF surfaces 969:985 the BBCF surfaces 969:985 Removal of anionic contaminants (As(V) and P) was likely controlled by electrostatic attraction with the iron particles on the BBCF surfaces. 24300585 1 25 theme biochar 205:211 arg1 advantages 191:200 the advantages 187:200 the advantages of biochar, chitosan, and zerovalent iron (ZVI) 187:248 This work describes the synthesis and testing of a novel environmental sorbent that combines the advantages of biochar, chitosan, and zerovalent iron (ZVI). 24300585 3 26 theme resulted 390:397 arg1 BBCF 423:426 BBCF 423:426 BBCF 423:426 Characterization of the resulted ZVI-biochar composites (BBCF) indicated that chitosan effectively soldered the iron particles onto carbonaceous surfaces within the biochar pore networks. 24300585 3 26 theme resulted 390:397 arg1 composites 411:420 the resulted ZVI-biochar composites 386:420 the resulted ZVI-biochar composites (BBCF) 386:427 Characterization of the resulted ZVI-biochar composites (BBCF) indicated that chitosan effectively soldered the iron particles onto carbonaceous surfaces within the biochar pore networks. 24300585 6 27 theme electrostatic 917:929 arg1 attraction 931:940 electrostatic attraction 917:940 electrostatic attraction with the iron particles on the BBCF surfaces 917:985 Removal of anionic contaminants (As(V) and P) was likely controlled by electrostatic attraction with the iron particles on the BBCF surfaces. 24300585 0 28 from solutions 83:91 arg1 removal 38:44 removal 38:44 removal of various contaminants from aqueous solutions 38:91 Biochar-supported zerovalent iron for removal of various contaminants from aqueous solutions. 24300585 0 28 from solutions 83:91 arg1 contaminants 57:68 various contaminants 49:68 various contaminants from aqueous solutions 49:91 Biochar-supported zerovalent iron for removal of various contaminants from aqueous solutions. 24300585 5 29 theme Cr 723:724 arg1 removal 704:710 The removal 700:710 The removal of Pb(II), Cr(VI), and MB by the biochar-supported ZVI 700:765 The removal of Pb(II), Cr(VI), and MB by the biochar-supported ZVI was mainly controlled by both the reduction and surface adsorption mechanisms. 24300585 5 30 theme Pb 715:716 arg1 removal 704:710 The removal 700:710 The removal of Pb(II), Cr(VI), and MB by the biochar-supported ZVI 700:765 The removal of Pb(II), Cr(VI), and MB by the biochar-supported ZVI was mainly controlled by both the reduction and surface adsorption mechanisms. 24300585 3 31 theme ZVI-biochar 399:409 arg1 BBCF 423:426 BBCF 423:426 BBCF 423:426 Characterization of the resulted ZVI-biochar composites (BBCF) indicated that chitosan effectively soldered the iron particles onto carbonaceous surfaces within the biochar pore networks. 24300585 3 31 theme ZVI-biochar 399:409 arg1 composites 411:420 the resulted ZVI-biochar composites 386:420 the resulted ZVI-biochar composites (BBCF) 386:427 Characterization of the resulted ZVI-biochar composites (BBCF) indicated that chitosan effectively soldered the iron particles onto carbonaceous surfaces within the biochar pore networks. 24300585 4 32 theme aqueous 681:687 arg1 solutions 689:697 aqueous solutions 681:697 aqueous solutions 681:697 The BBCF showed enhanced ability to sorb heavy metals (Pb(II), Cr(VI), and As(V)), phosphate (P), and methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. 24300585 1 33 theme chitosan 214:221 arg1 advantages 191:200 the advantages 187:200 the advantages of biochar, chitosan, and zerovalent iron (ZVI) 187:248 This work describes the synthesis and testing of a novel environmental sorbent that combines the advantages of biochar, chitosan, and zerovalent iron (ZVI). 24300585 0 34 theme contaminants 57:68 arg1 removal 38:44 removal 38:44 removal of various contaminants from aqueous solutions 38:91 Biochar-supported zerovalent iron for removal of various contaminants from aqueous solutions. 24300585 3 35 theme iron 478:481 arg1 particles 483:491 the iron particles 474:491 the iron particles onto carbonaceous surfaces within the biochar pore networks 474:551 Characterization of the resulted ZVI-biochar composites (BBCF) indicated that chitosan effectively soldered the iron particles onto carbonaceous surfaces within the biochar pore networks. 24300585 0 36 theme various 49:55 arg1 contaminants 57:68 various contaminants 49:68 various contaminants from aqueous solutions 49:91 Biochar-supported zerovalent iron for removal of various contaminants from aqueous solutions. 24300585 3 37 theme carbonaceous 498:509 arg1 surfaces 511:518 carbonaceous surfaces 498:518 carbonaceous surfaces 498:518 Characterization of the resulted ZVI-biochar composites (BBCF) indicated that chitosan effectively soldered the iron particles onto carbonaceous surfaces within the biochar pore networks. 24300585 5 38 theme MB 735:736 arg1 removal 704:710 The removal 700:710 The removal of Pb(II), Cr(VI), and MB by the biochar-supported ZVI 700:765 The removal of Pb(II), Cr(VI), and MB by the biochar-supported ZVI was mainly controlled by both the reduction and surface adsorption mechanisms. 24300585 5 39 theme adsorption 823:832 arg1 mechanisms 834:843 surface adsorption mechanisms 815:843 surface adsorption mechanisms 815:843 The removal of Pb(II), Cr(VI), and MB by the biochar-supported ZVI was mainly controlled by both the reduction and surface adsorption mechanisms. 24300585 5 40 dep Cr 723:724 arg1 VI 726:727 VI 726:727 VI 726:727 The removal of Pb(II), Cr(VI), and MB by the biochar-supported ZVI was mainly controlled by both the reduction and surface adsorption mechanisms. 24300585 4 41 dep metals 601:606 arg1 II 612:613 II 612:613 II 612:613 The BBCF showed enhanced ability to sorb heavy metals (Pb(II), Cr(VI), and As(V)), phosphate (P), and methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. 24300585 4 41 dep metals 601:606 arg1 As 629:630 As 629:630 As 629:630 The BBCF showed enhanced ability to sorb heavy metals (Pb(II), Cr(VI), and As(V)), phosphate (P), and methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. 24300585 4 41 dep metals 601:606 arg1 metals 601:606 sorb heavy metals 590:606 sorb heavy metals (Pb(II), Cr(VI), and As(V)) 590:634 The BBCF showed enhanced ability to sorb heavy metals (Pb(II), Cr(VI), and As(V)), phosphate (P), and methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. 24300585 4 41 dep metals 601:606 arg1 Cr 617:618 Cr 617:618 Cr(VI) 617:622 The BBCF showed enhanced ability to sorb heavy metals (Pb(II), Cr(VI), and As(V)), phosphate (P), and methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. 24300585 4 41 dep metals 601:606 arg1 Pb 609:610 Pb 609:610 Pb(II) 609:614 The BBCF showed enhanced ability to sorb heavy metals (Pb(II), Cr(VI), and As(V)), phosphate (P), and methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. 24300585 4 41 dep metals 601:606 arg1 V 632:632 V 632:632 V 632:632 The BBCF showed enhanced ability to sorb heavy metals (Pb(II), Cr(VI), and As(V)), phosphate (P), and methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. 24300585 6 42 dep contaminants 865:876 arg1 V 882:882 V 882:882 V 882:882 Removal of anionic contaminants (As(V) and P) was likely controlled by electrostatic attraction with the iron particles on the BBCF surfaces. 24300585 6 42 dep contaminants 865:876 arg1 P 889:889 P 889:889 P 889:889 Removal of anionic contaminants (As(V) and P) was likely controlled by electrostatic attraction with the iron particles on the BBCF surfaces. 24300585 6 42 dep contaminants 865:876 arg1 As 879:880 As 879:880 As 879:880 Removal of anionic contaminants (As(V) and P) was likely controlled by electrostatic attraction with the iron particles on the BBCF surfaces. 24300585 7 43 theme aqueous 1067:1073 arg1 solution 1075:1082 aqueous solution 1067:1082 aqueous solution 1067:1082 An additional benefit is that the contaminant-laden BBCF could be removed from aqueous solution easily by magnetic attraction. 24300585 4 44 theme heavy 595:599 arg1 metals 601:606 sorb heavy metals 590:606 sorb heavy metals (Pb(II), Cr(VI), and As(V)) 590:634 The BBCF showed enhanced ability to sorb heavy metals (Pb(II), Cr(VI), and As(V)), phosphate (P), and methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. 24300585 4 44 theme heavy 595:599 arg1 Cr 617:618 Cr 617:618 Cr(VI) 617:622 The BBCF showed enhanced ability to sorb heavy metals (Pb(II), Cr(VI), and As(V)), phosphate (P), and methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. 24300585 4 44 theme heavy 595:599 arg1 Pb 609:610 Pb 609:610 Pb(II) 609:614 The BBCF showed enhanced ability to sorb heavy metals (Pb(II), Cr(VI), and As(V)), phosphate (P), and methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. 24300585 0 45 theme aqueous 75:81 arg1 solutions 83:91 aqueous solutions 75:91 aqueous solutions 75:91 Biochar-supported zerovalent iron for removal of various contaminants from aqueous solutions. 24300585 6 46 theme anionic 857:863 arg1 contaminants 865:876 anionic contaminants 857:876 anionic contaminants (As(V) and P) 857:890 Removal of anionic contaminants (As(V) and P) was likely controlled by electrostatic attraction with the iron particles on the BBCF surfaces. 24300585 5 47 theme surface 815:821 arg1 mechanisms 834:843 surface adsorption mechanisms 815:843 surface adsorption mechanisms 815:843 The removal of Pb(II), Cr(VI), and MB by the biochar-supported ZVI was mainly controlled by both the reduction and surface adsorption mechanisms. 24300585 2 48 theme bamboo 341:346 arg1 surfaces 356:363 bamboo biochar surfaces 341:363 bamboo biochar surfaces 341:363 Chitosan was used as a dispersing and soldering reagent to attach fine ZVI particles onto bamboo biochar surfaces. 24300585 1 49 theme zerovalent 228:237 arg1 ZVI 245:247 ZVI 245:247 ZVI 245:247 This work describes the synthesis and testing of a novel environmental sorbent that combines the advantages of biochar, chitosan, and zerovalent iron (ZVI). 24300585 1 49 theme zerovalent 228:237 arg1 iron 239:242 zerovalent iron 228:242 zerovalent iron (ZVI) 228:248 This work describes the synthesis and testing of a novel environmental sorbent that combines the advantages of biochar, chitosan, and zerovalent iron (ZVI). 24300585 7 50 theme contaminant-laden 1022:1038 arg1 BBCF 1040:1043 the contaminant-laden BBCF 1018:1043 the contaminant-laden BBCF 1018:1043 An additional benefit is that the contaminant-laden BBCF could be removed from aqueous solution easily by magnetic attraction. 24300585 7 51 attach removed 1054:1060 arg2 BBCF 1040:1043 the contaminant-laden BBCF 1018:1043 the contaminant-laden BBCF 1018:1043 An additional benefit is that the contaminant-laden BBCF could be removed from aqueous solution easily by magnetic attraction. 24300585 7 51 attach removed 1054:1060 arg1 solution 1075:1082 aqueous solution 1067:1082 aqueous solution 1067:1082 An additional benefit is that the contaminant-laden BBCF could be removed from aqueous solution easily by magnetic attraction. 24300585 4 52 dep Cr 617:618 arg1 VI 620:621 VI 620:621 VI 620:621 The BBCF showed enhanced ability to sorb heavy metals (Pb(II), Cr(VI), and As(V)), phosphate (P), and methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. 24300585 1 53 theme novel 145:149 arg1 sorbent 165:171 a novel environmental sorbent 143:171 a novel environmental sorbent that combines the advantages of biochar, chitosan, and zerovalent iron (ZVI) 143:248 This work describes the synthesis and testing of a novel environmental sorbent that combines the advantages of biochar, chitosan, and zerovalent iron (ZVI). 24300585 1 54 theme iron 239:242 arg1 advantages 191:200 the advantages 187:200 the advantages of biochar, chitosan, and zerovalent iron (ZVI) 187:248 This work describes the synthesis and testing of a novel environmental sorbent that combines the advantages of biochar, chitosan, and zerovalent iron (ZVI). 26767984 13 0 theme HFD-induced 1805:1815 arg1 dysbiosis 1821:1829 HFD-induced gut dysbiosis 1805:1829 HFD-induced gut dysbiosis 1805:1829 Our results suggest that oral intake of AGO prevents HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, thereby inhibiting colon carcinogenesis. 26767984 10 1 theme acid 1372:1375 arg1 profile 1377:1383 the serum bile acid profile 1357:1383 the serum bile acid profile 1357:1383 Data from the serum bile acid profile showed that the level of deoxycholic acid, a carcinogenic secondary bile acid produced by gut bacteria, was increased in HFD-receiving mice. 26767984 2 2 theme comprehensive 325:337 arg1 investigation 339:351 a comprehensive investigation 323:351 a comprehensive investigation of the effect of agaro-oligosaccharides (AGO) on HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, including alterations in short-chain fatty acid contents and bile acid metabolism in mice 323:517 This report describes a comprehensive investigation of the effect of agaro-oligosaccharides (AGO) on HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, including alterations in short-chain fatty acid contents and bile acid metabolism in mice. 26767984 1 3 theme major 237:241 arg1 alteration 140:149 High-fat diet (HFD)-induced alteration 112:149 High-fat diet (HFD)-induced alteration in the gut microbial composition, known as dysbiosis, 112:203 High-fat diet (HFD)-induced alteration in the gut microbial composition, known as dysbiosis, is increasingly recognized as a major risk factor for various diseases, including colon cancer. 26767984 1 3 theme major 237:241 arg1 factor 248:253 a major risk factor 235:253 a major risk factor for various diseases, including colon cancer 235:298 High-fat diet (HFD)-induced alteration in the gut microbial composition, known as dysbiosis, is increasingly recognized as a major risk factor for various diseases, including colon cancer. 26767984 8 4 theme HFD 1157:1159 arg1 treatment 1161:1169 HFD treatment 1157:1169 HFD treatment 1157:1169 These changes of the microbiota community generated by HFD treatment were suppressed by AGO supplementation. 26767984 7 5 from increase 1057:1064 arg1 XIVa 1096:1099 the Clostridium subcluster XIVa 1069:1099 the Clostridium subcluster XIVa 1069:1099 Changes in the microbiota composition induced by an HFD were characterized by a decrease in the order Lactobacillales and by an increase in the Clostridium subcluster XIVa. 26767984 10 6 theme serum 1361:1365 arg1 profile 1377:1383 the serum bile acid profile 1357:1383 the serum bile acid profile 1357:1383 Data from the serum bile acid profile showed that the level of deoxycholic acid, a carcinogenic secondary bile acid produced by gut bacteria, was increased in HFD-receiving mice. 26767984 3 7 theme C57BL/6N 520:527 arg1 mice 529:532 C57BL/6N mice 520:532 C57BL/6N mice 520:532 C57BL/6N mice were fed a control diet or HFD, with or without AGO. 26767984 1 8 theme microbial 162:170 arg1 composition 172:182 the gut microbial composition 154:182 the gut microbial composition 154:182 High-fat diet (HFD)-induced alteration in the gut microbial composition, known as dysbiosis, is increasingly recognized as a major risk factor for various diseases, including colon cancer. 26767984 7 9 theme Clostridium 1073:1083 arg1 XIVa 1096:1099 the Clostridium subcluster XIVa 1069:1099 the Clostridium subcluster XIVa 1069:1099 Changes in the microbiota composition induced by an HFD were characterized by a decrease in the order Lactobacillales and by an increase in the Clostridium subcluster XIVa. 26767984 4 10 theme restriction 596:606 arg1 T-RFLP 638:643 T-RFLP 638:643 T-RFLP 638:643 Terminal restriction fragment-length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis produced their fecal microbiota profiles. 26767984 4 10 theme restriction 596:606 arg1 polymorphism 624:635 Terminal restriction fragment-length polymorphism 587:635 Terminal restriction fragment-length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis 587:653 Terminal restriction fragment-length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis produced their fecal microbiota profiles. 26767984 5 11 theme mass 825:828 arg1 spectrometry 830:841 liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry 796:841 liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry 796:841 Profiles of cecal organic acids and serum bile acids were determined, respectively, using HPLC and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry systems. 26767984 4 12 theme polymorphism 624:635 arg1 analysis 646:653 Terminal restriction fragment-length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis 587:653 Terminal restriction fragment-length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis 587:653 Terminal restriction fragment-length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis produced their fecal microbiota profiles. 26767984 1 13 theme various 259:265 arg1 diseases 267:274 various diseases 259:274 various diseases 259:274 High-fat diet (HFD)-induced alteration in the gut microbial composition, known as dysbiosis, is increasingly recognized as a major risk factor for various diseases, including colon cancer. 26767984 1 13 theme various 259:265 arg1 cancer 293:298 colon cancer 287:298 colon cancer 287:298 High-fat diet (HFD)-induced alteration in the gut microbial composition, known as dysbiosis, is increasingly recognized as a major risk factor for various diseases, including colon cancer. 26767984 12 14 from foci 1703:1706 arg1 colon 1715:1719 the colon 1711:1719 the colon derived from HFD-treated mice 1711:1749 Finally, results show that AGO supplementation suppressed the azoxymethane-induced generation of aberrant crypt foci in the colon derived from HFD-treated mice. 26767984 9 15 theme proportion 1243:1252 arg1 data 1231:1234 the data 1227:1234 the data of the proportion of Lactobacillales order 1227:1277 As supported by the data of the proportion of Lactobacillales order, the concentration of lactic acid increased in the HFD + AGO group. 26767984 12 16 theme foci 1703:1706 arg1 generation 1674:1683 the azoxymethane-induced generation 1649:1683 the azoxymethane-induced generation of aberrant crypt foci in the colon derived from HFD-treated mice 1649:1749 Finally, results show that AGO supplementation suppressed the azoxymethane-induced generation of aberrant crypt foci in the colon derived from HFD-treated mice. 26767984 7 17 theme order 1025:1029 arg1 Lactobacillales 1031:1045 the order Lactobacillales 1021:1045 the order Lactobacillales 1021:1045 Changes in the microbiota composition induced by an HFD were characterized by a decrease in the order Lactobacillales and by an increase in the Clostridium subcluster XIVa. 26767984 9 18 theme Lactobacillales 1257:1271 arg1 order 1273:1277 Lactobacillales order 1257:1277 Lactobacillales order 1257:1277 As supported by the data of the proportion of Lactobacillales order, the concentration of lactic acid increased in the HFD + AGO group. 26767984 2 19 theme bile 490:493 arg1 metabolism 500:509 bile acid metabolism 490:509 bile acid metabolism in mice 490:517 This report describes a comprehensive investigation of the effect of agaro-oligosaccharides (AGO) on HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, including alterations in short-chain fatty acid contents and bile acid metabolism in mice. 26767984 12 20 from generation 1674:1683 arg1 colon 1715:1719 the colon 1711:1719 the colon derived from HFD-treated mice 1711:1749 Finally, results show that AGO supplementation suppressed the azoxymethane-induced generation of aberrant crypt foci in the colon derived from HFD-treated mice. 26767984 5 21 theme bile 739:742 arg1 acids 744:748 serum bile acids 733:748 serum bile acids 733:748 Profiles of cecal organic acids and serum bile acids were determined, respectively, using HPLC and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry systems. 26767984 10 22 theme acid 1422:1425 arg1 level 1401:1405 the level 1397:1405 the level of deoxycholic acid, a carcinogenic secondary bile acid produced by gut bacteria, 1397:1487 Data from the serum bile acid profile showed that the level of deoxycholic acid, a carcinogenic secondary bile acid produced by gut bacteria, was increased in HFD-receiving mice. 26767984 4 23 theme microbiota 676:685 arg1 profiles 687:694 their fecal microbiota profiles 664:694 their fecal microbiota profiles 664:694 Terminal restriction fragment-length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis produced their fecal microbiota profiles. 26767984 12 24 theme aberrant 1688:1695 arg1 foci 1703:1706 aberrant crypt foci 1688:1706 aberrant crypt foci in the colon derived from HFD-treated mice 1688:1749 Finally, results show that AGO supplementation suppressed the azoxymethane-induced generation of aberrant crypt foci in the colon derived from HFD-treated mice. 26767984 0 25 theme diet-fed 97:104 arg1 mice 106:109 high-fat diet-fed mice 88:109 high-fat diet-fed mice 88:109 Protective effect of agaro-oligosaccharides on gut dysbiosis and colon tumorigenesis in high-fat diet-fed mice. 26767984 9 26 theme lactic 1301:1306 arg1 acid 1308:1311 lactic acid 1301:1311 lactic acid 1301:1311 As supported by the data of the proportion of Lactobacillales order, the concentration of lactic acid increased in the HFD + AGO group. 26767984 7 27 theme microbiota 944:953 arg1 composition 955:965 the microbiota composition 940:965 the microbiota composition induced by an HFD 940:983 Changes in the microbiota composition induced by an HFD were characterized by a decrease in the order Lactobacillales and by an increase in the Clostridium subcluster XIVa. 26767984 0 28 from dysbiosis 51:59 arg1 mice 106:109 high-fat diet-fed mice 88:109 high-fat diet-fed mice 88:109 Protective effect of agaro-oligosaccharides on gut dysbiosis and colon tumorigenesis in high-fat diet-fed mice. 26767984 10 29 theme secondary 1443:1451 arg1 acid 1422:1425 deoxycholic acid 1410:1425 deoxycholic acid 1410:1425 Data from the serum bile acid profile showed that the level of deoxycholic acid, a carcinogenic secondary bile acid produced by gut bacteria, was increased in HFD-receiving mice. 26767984 10 29 theme secondary 1443:1451 arg1 acid 1458:1461 a carcinogenic secondary bile acid 1428:1461 a carcinogenic secondary bile acid produced by gut bacteria 1428:1486 Data from the serum bile acid profile showed that the level of deoxycholic acid, a carcinogenic secondary bile acid produced by gut bacteria, was increased in HFD-receiving mice. 26767984 13 30 theme colon 1851:1855 arg1 carcinogenesis 1857:1870 colon carcinogenesis 1851:1870 colon carcinogenesis 1851:1870 Our results suggest that oral intake of AGO prevents HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, thereby inhibiting colon carcinogenesis. 26767984 0 31 theme Protective 0:9 arg1 effect 11:16 Protective effect 0:16 Protective effect of agaro-oligosaccharides on gut dysbiosis and colon tumorigenesis in high-fat diet-fed mice. 0:110 Protective effect of agaro-oligosaccharides on gut dysbiosis and colon tumorigenesis in high-fat diet-fed mice. 26767984 2 32 theme HFD-induced 402:412 arg1 dysbiosis 418:426 HFD-induced gut dysbiosis 402:426 HFD-induced gut dysbiosis 402:426 This report describes a comprehensive investigation of the effect of agaro-oligosaccharides (AGO) on HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, including alterations in short-chain fatty acid contents and bile acid metabolism in mice. 26767984 2 32 theme HFD-induced 402:412 arg1 alterations 439:449 alterations 439:449 alterations in short-chain fatty acid contents and bile acid metabolism in mice 439:517 This report describes a comprehensive investigation of the effect of agaro-oligosaccharides (AGO) on HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, including alterations in short-chain fatty acid contents and bile acid metabolism in mice. 26767984 5 33 theme liquid 796:801 arg1 spectrometry 830:841 liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry 796:841 liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry 796:841 Profiles of cecal organic acids and serum bile acids were determined, respectively, using HPLC and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry systems. 26767984 1 34 theme High-fat 112:119 arg1 HFD 127:129 HFD 127:129 HFD 127:129 High-fat diet (HFD)-induced alteration in the gut microbial composition, known as dysbiosis, is increasingly recognized as a major risk factor for various diseases, including colon cancer. 26767984 1 34 theme High-fat 112:119 arg1 diet 121:124 High-fat diet 112:124 High-fat diet (HFD) 112:130 High-fat diet (HFD)-induced alteration in the gut microbial composition, known as dysbiosis, is increasingly recognized as a major risk factor for various diseases, including colon cancer. 26767984 2 35 theme fatty 466:470 arg1 contents 477:484 short-chain fatty acid contents 454:484 short-chain fatty acid contents 454:484 This report describes a comprehensive investigation of the effect of agaro-oligosaccharides (AGO) on HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, including alterations in short-chain fatty acid contents and bile acid metabolism in mice. 26767984 6 36 theme T-RFLP 852:857 arg1 analyses 859:866 T-RFLP analyses 852:866 T-RFLP analyses 852:866 T-RFLP analyses showed that an HFD changed the gut microbiota significantly. 26767984 12 37 from colon 1715:1719 arg1 generation 1674:1683 the azoxymethane-induced generation 1649:1683 the azoxymethane-induced generation of aberrant crypt foci in the colon derived from HFD-treated mice 1649:1749 Finally, results show that AGO supplementation suppressed the azoxymethane-induced generation of aberrant crypt foci in the colon derived from HFD-treated mice. 26767984 0 38 theme colon 65:69 arg1 tumorigenesis 71:83 colon tumorigenesis 65:83 colon tumorigenesis 65:83 Protective effect of agaro-oligosaccharides on gut dysbiosis and colon tumorigenesis in high-fat diet-fed mice. 26767984 10 39 from profile 1377:1383 arg1 Data 1347:1350 Data 1347:1350 Data from the serum bile acid profile 1347:1383 Data from the serum bile acid profile showed that the level of deoxycholic acid, a carcinogenic secondary bile acid produced by gut bacteria, was increased in HFD-receiving mice. 26767984 5 40 theme acids 744:748 arg1 Profiles 697:704 Profiles 697:704 Profiles of cecal organic acids and serum bile acids 697:748 Profiles of cecal organic acids and serum bile acids were determined, respectively, using HPLC and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry systems. 26767984 8 41 theme community 1134:1142 arg1 changes 1108:1114 These changes 1102:1114 These changes of the microbiota community generated by HFD treatment 1102:1169 These changes of the microbiota community generated by HFD treatment were suppressed by AGO supplementation. 26767984 6 42 theme gut 899:901 arg1 microbiota 903:912 the gut microbiota 895:912 the gut microbiota 895:912 T-RFLP analyses showed that an HFD changed the gut microbiota significantly. 26767984 10 43 theme bile 1367:1370 arg1 profile 1377:1383 the serum bile acid profile 1357:1383 the serum bile acid profile 1357:1383 Data from the serum bile acid profile showed that the level of deoxycholic acid, a carcinogenic secondary bile acid produced by gut bacteria, was increased in HFD-receiving mice. 26767984 1 44 theme risk 243:246 arg1 alteration 140:149 High-fat diet (HFD)-induced alteration 112:149 High-fat diet (HFD)-induced alteration in the gut microbial composition, known as dysbiosis, 112:203 High-fat diet (HFD)-induced alteration in the gut microbial composition, known as dysbiosis, is increasingly recognized as a major risk factor for various diseases, including colon cancer. 26767984 1 44 theme risk 243:246 arg1 factor 248:253 a major risk factor 235:253 a major risk factor for various diseases, including colon cancer 235:298 High-fat diet (HFD)-induced alteration in the gut microbial composition, known as dysbiosis, is increasingly recognized as a major risk factor for various diseases, including colon cancer. 26767984 13 45 theme oral 1777:1780 arg1 intake 1782:1787 oral intake 1777:1787 oral intake of AGO 1777:1794 Our results suggest that oral intake of AGO prevents HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, thereby inhibiting colon carcinogenesis. 26767984 7 46 theme subcluster 1085:1094 arg1 XIVa 1096:1099 the Clostridium subcluster XIVa 1069:1099 the Clostridium subcluster XIVa 1069:1099 Changes in the microbiota composition induced by an HFD were characterized by a decrease in the order Lactobacillales and by an increase in the Clostridium subcluster XIVa. 26767984 1 47 theme gut 158:160 arg1 composition 172:182 the gut microbial composition 154:182 the gut microbial composition 154:182 High-fat diet (HFD)-induced alteration in the gut microbial composition, known as dysbiosis, is increasingly recognized as a major risk factor for various diseases, including colon cancer. 26767984 2 48 from investigation 339:351 arg1 dysbiosis 418:426 HFD-induced gut dysbiosis 402:426 HFD-induced gut dysbiosis 402:426 This report describes a comprehensive investigation of the effect of agaro-oligosaccharides (AGO) on HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, including alterations in short-chain fatty acid contents and bile acid metabolism in mice. 26767984 2 48 from investigation 339:351 arg1 alterations 439:449 alterations 439:449 alterations in short-chain fatty acid contents and bile acid metabolism in mice 439:517 This report describes a comprehensive investigation of the effect of agaro-oligosaccharides (AGO) on HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, including alterations in short-chain fatty acid contents and bile acid metabolism in mice. 26767984 3 49 theme control 545:551 arg1 diet 553:556 a control diet 543:556 a control diet 543:556 C57BL/6N mice were fed a control diet or HFD, with or without AGO. 26767984 12 50 theme HFD-treated 1734:1744 arg1 mice 1746:1749 HFD-treated mice 1734:1749 HFD-treated mice 1734:1749 Finally, results show that AGO supplementation suppressed the azoxymethane-induced generation of aberrant crypt foci in the colon derived from HFD-treated mice. 26767984 5 51 theme chromatography-tandem 803:823 arg1 spectrometry 830:841 liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry 796:841 liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry 796:841 Profiles of cecal organic acids and serum bile acids were determined, respectively, using HPLC and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry systems. 26767984 2 52 from contents 477:484 arg1 mice 514:517 mice 514:517 mice 514:517 This report describes a comprehensive investigation of the effect of agaro-oligosaccharides (AGO) on HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, including alterations in short-chain fatty acid contents and bile acid metabolism in mice. 26767984 4 53 theme Terminal 587:594 arg1 T-RFLP 638:643 T-RFLP 638:643 T-RFLP 638:643 Terminal restriction fragment-length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis produced their fecal microbiota profiles. 26767984 4 53 theme Terminal 587:594 arg1 polymorphism 624:635 Terminal restriction fragment-length polymorphism 587:635 Terminal restriction fragment-length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis 587:653 Terminal restriction fragment-length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis produced their fecal microbiota profiles. 26767984 5 54 theme spectrometry 830:841 arg1 systems 843:849 HPLC and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry systems 787:849 HPLC and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry systems 787:849 Profiles of cecal organic acids and serum bile acids were determined, respectively, using HPLC and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry systems. 26767984 0 55 from tumorigenesis 71:83 arg1 mice 106:109 high-fat diet-fed mice 88:109 high-fat diet-fed mice 88:109 Protective effect of agaro-oligosaccharides on gut dysbiosis and colon tumorigenesis in high-fat diet-fed mice. 26767984 4 56 theme fragment-length 608:622 arg1 T-RFLP 638:643 T-RFLP 638:643 T-RFLP 638:643 Terminal restriction fragment-length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis produced their fecal microbiota profiles. 26767984 4 56 theme fragment-length 608:622 arg1 polymorphism 624:635 Terminal restriction fragment-length polymorphism 587:635 Terminal restriction fragment-length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis 587:653 Terminal restriction fragment-length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis produced their fecal microbiota profiles. 26767984 2 57 from metabolism 500:509 arg1 mice 514:517 mice 514:517 mice 514:517 This report describes a comprehensive investigation of the effect of agaro-oligosaccharides (AGO) on HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, including alterations in short-chain fatty acid contents and bile acid metabolism in mice. 26767984 7 58 from Changes 929:935 arg1 composition 955:965 the microbiota composition 940:965 the microbiota composition induced by an HFD 940:983 Changes in the microbiota composition induced by an HFD were characterized by a decrease in the order Lactobacillales and by an increase in the Clostridium subcluster XIVa. 26767984 12 59 theme crypt 1697:1701 arg1 foci 1703:1706 aberrant crypt foci 1688:1706 aberrant crypt foci in the colon derived from HFD-treated mice 1688:1749 Finally, results show that AGO supplementation suppressed the azoxymethane-induced generation of aberrant crypt foci in the colon derived from HFD-treated mice. 26767984 5 60 theme serum 733:737 arg1 acids 744:748 serum bile acids 733:748 serum bile acids 733:748 Profiles of cecal organic acids and serum bile acids were determined, respectively, using HPLC and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry systems. 26767984 9 61 theme order 1273:1277 arg1 proportion 1243:1252 the proportion 1239:1252 the proportion of Lactobacillales order 1239:1277 As supported by the data of the proportion of Lactobacillales order, the concentration of lactic acid increased in the HFD + AGO group. 26767984 1 62 theme -induced 131:138 arg1 alteration 140:149 High-fat diet (HFD)-induced alteration 112:149 High-fat diet (HFD)-induced alteration in the gut microbial composition, known as dysbiosis, 112:203 High-fat diet (HFD)-induced alteration in the gut microbial composition, known as dysbiosis, is increasingly recognized as a major risk factor for various diseases, including colon cancer. 26767984 1 62 theme -induced 131:138 arg1 factor 248:253 a major risk factor 235:253 a major risk factor for various diseases, including colon cancer 235:298 High-fat diet (HFD)-induced alteration in the gut microbial composition, known as dysbiosis, is increasingly recognized as a major risk factor for various diseases, including colon cancer. 26767984 2 63 from dysbiosis 418:426 arg1 investigation 339:351 a comprehensive investigation 323:351 a comprehensive investigation of the effect of agaro-oligosaccharides (AGO) on HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, including alterations in short-chain fatty acid contents and bile acid metabolism in mice 323:517 This report describes a comprehensive investigation of the effect of agaro-oligosaccharides (AGO) on HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, including alterations in short-chain fatty acid contents and bile acid metabolism in mice. 26767984 5 64 theme organic 715:721 arg1 acids 723:727 cecal organic acids 709:727 cecal organic acids 709:727 Profiles of cecal organic acids and serum bile acids were determined, respectively, using HPLC and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry systems. 26767984 0 65 theme high-fat 88:95 arg1 mice 106:109 high-fat diet-fed mice 88:109 high-fat diet-fed mice 88:109 Protective effect of agaro-oligosaccharides on gut dysbiosis and colon tumorigenesis in high-fat diet-fed mice. 26767984 12 66 theme azoxymethane-induced 1653:1672 arg1 generation 1674:1683 the azoxymethane-induced generation 1649:1683 the azoxymethane-induced generation of aberrant crypt foci in the colon derived from HFD-treated mice 1649:1749 Finally, results show that AGO supplementation suppressed the azoxymethane-induced generation of aberrant crypt foci in the colon derived from HFD-treated mice. 26767984 2 67 theme acid 472:475 arg1 contents 477:484 short-chain fatty acid contents 454:484 short-chain fatty acid contents 454:484 This report describes a comprehensive investigation of the effect of agaro-oligosaccharides (AGO) on HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, including alterations in short-chain fatty acid contents and bile acid metabolism in mice. 26767984 0 68 from effect 11:16 arg1 dysbiosis 51:59 gut dysbiosis 47:59 gut dysbiosis 47:59 Protective effect of agaro-oligosaccharides on gut dysbiosis and colon tumorigenesis in high-fat diet-fed mice. 26767984 0 68 from effect 11:16 arg1 tumorigenesis 71:83 colon tumorigenesis 65:83 colon tumorigenesis 65:83 Protective effect of agaro-oligosaccharides on gut dysbiosis and colon tumorigenesis in high-fat diet-fed mice. 26767984 10 69 theme deoxycholic 1410:1420 arg1 acid 1422:1425 deoxycholic acid 1410:1425 deoxycholic acid 1410:1425 Data from the serum bile acid profile showed that the level of deoxycholic acid, a carcinogenic secondary bile acid produced by gut bacteria, was increased in HFD-receiving mice. 26767984 10 69 theme deoxycholic 1410:1420 arg1 acid 1458:1461 a carcinogenic secondary bile acid 1428:1461 a carcinogenic secondary bile acid produced by gut bacteria 1428:1486 Data from the serum bile acid profile showed that the level of deoxycholic acid, a carcinogenic secondary bile acid produced by gut bacteria, was increased in HFD-receiving mice. 26767984 4 70 theme fecal 670:674 arg1 profiles 687:694 their fecal microbiota profiles 664:694 their fecal microbiota profiles 664:694 Terminal restriction fragment-length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis produced their fecal microbiota profiles. 26767984 12 71 attach derived 1721:1727 arg2 colon 1715:1719 the colon 1711:1719 the colon derived from HFD-treated mice 1711:1749 Finally, results show that AGO supplementation suppressed the azoxymethane-induced generation of aberrant crypt foci in the colon derived from HFD-treated mice. 26767984 12 71 attach derived 1721:1727 arg1 mice 1746:1749 HFD-treated mice 1734:1749 HFD-treated mice 1734:1749 Finally, results show that AGO supplementation suppressed the azoxymethane-induced generation of aberrant crypt foci in the colon derived from HFD-treated mice. 26767984 5 72 theme cecal 709:713 arg1 acids 723:727 cecal organic acids 709:727 cecal organic acids 709:727 Profiles of cecal organic acids and serum bile acids were determined, respectively, using HPLC and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry systems. 26767984 5 73 theme acids 723:727 arg1 Profiles 697:704 Profiles 697:704 Profiles of cecal organic acids and serum bile acids 697:748 Profiles of cecal organic acids and serum bile acids were determined, respectively, using HPLC and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry systems. 26767984 9 74 theme acid 1308:1311 arg1 concentration 1284:1296 the concentration 1280:1296 the concentration of lactic acid 1280:1311 As supported by the data of the proportion of Lactobacillales order, the concentration of lactic acid increased in the HFD + AGO group. 26767984 1 75 from alteration 140:149 arg1 composition 172:182 the gut microbial composition 154:182 the gut microbial composition 154:182 High-fat diet (HFD)-induced alteration in the gut microbial composition, known as dysbiosis, is increasingly recognized as a major risk factor for various diseases, including colon cancer. 26767984 2 76 theme acid 495:498 arg1 metabolism 500:509 bile acid metabolism 490:509 bile acid metabolism in mice 490:517 This report describes a comprehensive investigation of the effect of agaro-oligosaccharides (AGO) on HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, including alterations in short-chain fatty acid contents and bile acid metabolism in mice. 26767984 10 77 theme carcinogenic 1430:1441 arg1 acid 1422:1425 deoxycholic acid 1410:1425 deoxycholic acid 1410:1425 Data from the serum bile acid profile showed that the level of deoxycholic acid, a carcinogenic secondary bile acid produced by gut bacteria, was increased in HFD-receiving mice. 26767984 10 77 theme carcinogenic 1430:1441 arg1 acid 1458:1461 a carcinogenic secondary bile acid 1428:1461 a carcinogenic secondary bile acid produced by gut bacteria 1428:1486 Data from the serum bile acid profile showed that the level of deoxycholic acid, a carcinogenic secondary bile acid produced by gut bacteria, was increased in HFD-receiving mice. 26767984 2 78 theme agaro-oligosaccharides 370:391 arg1 effect 360:365 the effect 356:365 the effect of agaro-oligosaccharides (AGO) on HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, including alterations in short-chain fatty acid contents and bile acid metabolism in mice 356:517 This report describes a comprehensive investigation of the effect of agaro-oligosaccharides (AGO) on HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, including alterations in short-chain fatty acid contents and bile acid metabolism in mice. 26767984 2 79 from alterations 439:449 arg1 metabolism 500:509 bile acid metabolism 490:509 bile acid metabolism in mice 490:517 This report describes a comprehensive investigation of the effect of agaro-oligosaccharides (AGO) on HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, including alterations in short-chain fatty acid contents and bile acid metabolism in mice. 26767984 2 79 from alterations 439:449 arg1 contents 477:484 short-chain fatty acid contents 454:484 short-chain fatty acid contents 454:484 This report describes a comprehensive investigation of the effect of agaro-oligosaccharides (AGO) on HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, including alterations in short-chain fatty acid contents and bile acid metabolism in mice. 26767984 13 80 theme gut 1817:1819 arg1 dysbiosis 1821:1829 HFD-induced gut dysbiosis 1805:1829 HFD-induced gut dysbiosis 1805:1829 Our results suggest that oral intake of AGO prevents HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, thereby inhibiting colon carcinogenesis. 26767984 2 81 theme effect 360:365 arg1 investigation 339:351 a comprehensive investigation 323:351 a comprehensive investigation of the effect of agaro-oligosaccharides (AGO) on HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, including alterations in short-chain fatty acid contents and bile acid metabolism in mice 323:517 This report describes a comprehensive investigation of the effect of agaro-oligosaccharides (AGO) on HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, including alterations in short-chain fatty acid contents and bile acid metabolism in mice. 26767984 0 82 theme agaro-oligosaccharides 21:42 arg1 effect 11:16 Protective effect 0:16 Protective effect of agaro-oligosaccharides on gut dysbiosis and colon tumorigenesis in high-fat diet-fed mice. 0:110 Protective effect of agaro-oligosaccharides on gut dysbiosis and colon tumorigenesis in high-fat diet-fed mice. 26767984 5 83 theme HPLC 787:790 arg1 systems 843:849 HPLC and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry systems 787:849 HPLC and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry systems 787:849 Profiles of cecal organic acids and serum bile acids were determined, respectively, using HPLC and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry systems. 26767984 2 84 theme gut 414:416 arg1 dysbiosis 418:426 HFD-induced gut dysbiosis 402:426 HFD-induced gut dysbiosis 402:426 This report describes a comprehensive investigation of the effect of agaro-oligosaccharides (AGO) on HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, including alterations in short-chain fatty acid contents and bile acid metabolism in mice. 26767984 2 84 theme gut 414:416 arg1 alterations 439:449 alterations 439:449 alterations in short-chain fatty acid contents and bile acid metabolism in mice 439:517 This report describes a comprehensive investigation of the effect of agaro-oligosaccharides (AGO) on HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, including alterations in short-chain fatty acid contents and bile acid metabolism in mice. 26767984 0 85 theme gut 47:49 arg1 dysbiosis 51:59 gut dysbiosis 47:59 gut dysbiosis 47:59 Protective effect of agaro-oligosaccharides on gut dysbiosis and colon tumorigenesis in high-fat diet-fed mice. 26767984 7 86 from decrease 1009:1016 arg1 Lactobacillales 1031:1045 the order Lactobacillales 1021:1045 the order Lactobacillales 1021:1045 Changes in the microbiota composition induced by an HFD were characterized by a decrease in the order Lactobacillales and by an increase in the Clostridium subcluster XIVa. 26767984 2 87 theme short-chain 454:464 arg1 contents 477:484 short-chain fatty acid contents 454:484 short-chain fatty acid contents 454:484 This report describes a comprehensive investigation of the effect of agaro-oligosaccharides (AGO) on HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, including alterations in short-chain fatty acid contents and bile acid metabolism in mice. 26767984 10 88 theme bile 1453:1456 arg1 acid 1422:1425 deoxycholic acid 1410:1425 deoxycholic acid 1410:1425 Data from the serum bile acid profile showed that the level of deoxycholic acid, a carcinogenic secondary bile acid produced by gut bacteria, was increased in HFD-receiving mice. 26767984 10 88 theme bile 1453:1456 arg1 acid 1458:1461 a carcinogenic secondary bile acid 1428:1461 a carcinogenic secondary bile acid produced by gut bacteria 1428:1486 Data from the serum bile acid profile showed that the level of deoxycholic acid, a carcinogenic secondary bile acid produced by gut bacteria, was increased in HFD-receiving mice. 26767984 1 89 theme colon 287:291 arg1 cancer 293:298 colon cancer 287:298 colon cancer 287:298 High-fat diet (HFD)-induced alteration in the gut microbial composition, known as dysbiosis, is increasingly recognized as a major risk factor for various diseases, including colon cancer. 26767984 13 90 theme AGO 1792:1794 arg1 intake 1782:1787 oral intake 1777:1787 oral intake of AGO 1777:1794 Our results suggest that oral intake of AGO prevents HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, thereby inhibiting colon carcinogenesis. 26767984 2 91 from effect 360:365 arg1 dysbiosis 418:426 HFD-induced gut dysbiosis 402:426 HFD-induced gut dysbiosis 402:426 This report describes a comprehensive investigation of the effect of agaro-oligosaccharides (AGO) on HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, including alterations in short-chain fatty acid contents and bile acid metabolism in mice. 26767984 2 91 from effect 360:365 arg1 alterations 439:449 alterations 439:449 alterations in short-chain fatty acid contents and bile acid metabolism in mice 439:517 This report describes a comprehensive investigation of the effect of agaro-oligosaccharides (AGO) on HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, including alterations in short-chain fatty acid contents and bile acid metabolism in mice. 26767984 10 92 theme gut 1475:1477 arg1 bacteria 1479:1486 gut bacteria 1475:1486 gut bacteria 1475:1486 Data from the serum bile acid profile showed that the level of deoxycholic acid, a carcinogenic secondary bile acid produced by gut bacteria, was increased in HFD-receiving mice. 26767984 8 93 theme microbiota 1123:1132 arg1 community 1134:1142 the microbiota community 1119:1142 the microbiota community generated by HFD treatment 1119:1169 These changes of the microbiota community generated by HFD treatment were suppressed by AGO supplementation. 26767984 10 94 theme HFD-receiving 1506:1518 arg1 mice 1520:1523 HFD-receiving mice 1506:1523 HFD-receiving mice 1506:1523 Data from the serum bile acid profile showed that the level of deoxycholic acid, a carcinogenic secondary bile acid produced by gut bacteria, was increased in HFD-receiving mice. 26767984 2 95 dep agaro-oligosaccharides 370:391 arg1 AGO 394:396 AGO 394:396 AGO 394:396 This report describes a comprehensive investigation of the effect of agaro-oligosaccharides (AGO) on HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, including alterations in short-chain fatty acid contents and bile acid metabolism in mice. 28965208 1 0 theme bacteria 316:323 arg1 strains 325:331 34 acetic acid bacteria strains 301:331 34 acetic acid bacteria strains belonging to Komagataeibacter xylinus 301:369 Bacterial cellulose is composed of an ultrafine nanofiber network and well-ordered structure; therefore, it offers several advantages when used as native polymer or in composite systems.In this study, a pool of 34 acetic acid bacteria strains belonging to Komagataeibacter xylinus were screened for their ability to produce bacterial cellulose. 28965208 1 1 theme well-ordered 160:171 arg1 structure 173:181 well-ordered structure 160:181 well-ordered structure 160:181 Bacterial cellulose is composed of an ultrafine nanofiber network and well-ordered structure; therefore, it offers several advantages when used as native polymer or in composite systems.In this study, a pool of 34 acetic acid bacteria strains belonging to Komagataeibacter xylinus were screened for their ability to produce bacterial cellulose. 28965208 4 2 located observed 840:847 arg1 conditions 736:745 static conditions 729:745 static conditions 729:745 In static conditions, the increase of cellulose yield and the reduction of by-products such as gluconic acid were observed. 28965208 4 2 located observed 840:847 arg2 increase 752:759 the increase 748:759 the increase of cellulose yield 748:778 In static conditions, the increase of cellulose yield and the reduction of by-products such as gluconic acid were observed. 28965208 4 2 located observed 840:847 arg2 reduction 788:796 the reduction 784:796 the reduction of by-products such as gluconic acid 784:833 In static conditions, the increase of cellulose yield and the reduction of by-products such as gluconic acid were observed. 28965208 3 3 theme culture 706:712 arg1 conditions 714:723 optimized culture conditions 696:723 optimized culture conditions 696:723 A high-producing strain, which secreted more than 23 g/L of bacterial cellulose on the isolation broth during 10 days of static cultivation, was selected and tested in optimized culture conditions. 28965208 1 4 theme strains 325:331 arg1 pool 293:296 a pool 291:296 a pool of 34 acetic acid bacteria strains belonging to Komagataeibacter xylinus 291:369 Bacterial cellulose is composed of an ultrafine nanofiber network and well-ordered structure; therefore, it offers several advantages when used as native polymer or in composite systems.In this study, a pool of 34 acetic acid bacteria strains belonging to Komagataeibacter xylinus were screened for their ability to produce bacterial cellulose. 28965208 6 5 theme biomedical 1102:1111 arg1 applications 1122:1133 biomedical and food applications 1102:1133 biomedical and food applications 1102:1133 All the findings of this study support the use of bacterial cellulose produced by the selected strain for biomedical and food applications. 28965208 4 6 theme cellulose 764:772 arg1 yield 774:778 cellulose yield 764:778 cellulose yield 764:778 In static conditions, the increase of cellulose yield and the reduction of by-products such as gluconic acid were observed. 28965208 1 7 theme composite 258:266 arg1 systems.In 268:277 composite systems.In 258:277 composite systems.In 258:277 Bacterial cellulose is composed of an ultrafine nanofiber network and well-ordered structure; therefore, it offers several advantages when used as native polymer or in composite systems.In this study, a pool of 34 acetic acid bacteria strains belonging to Komagataeibacter xylinus were screened for their ability to produce bacterial cellulose. 28965208 5 8 theme microstructural 943:957 arg1 properties 984:993 its microstructural, thermal, and mechanical properties 939:993 its microstructural, thermal, and mechanical properties 939:993 Dried bacterial cellulose obtained in the optimized broth was characterized to determine its microstructural, thermal, and mechanical properties. 28965208 5 9 theme mechanical 973:982 arg1 properties 984:993 its microstructural, thermal, and mechanical properties 939:993 its microstructural, thermal, and mechanical properties 939:993 Dried bacterial cellulose obtained in the optimized broth was characterized to determine its microstructural, thermal, and mechanical properties. 28965208 6 10 theme food 1117:1120 arg1 applications 1122:1133 biomedical and food applications 1102:1133 biomedical and food applications 1102:1133 All the findings of this study support the use of bacterial cellulose produced by the selected strain for biomedical and food applications. 28965208 6 11 theme bacterial 1046:1054 arg1 cellulose 1056:1064 bacterial cellulose 1046:1064 bacterial cellulose produced by the selected strain for biomedical and food applications 1046:1133 All the findings of this study support the use of bacterial cellulose produced by the selected strain for biomedical and food applications. 28965208 3 12 theme high-producing 530:543 arg1 strain 545:550 A high-producing strain 528:550 A high-producing strain 528:550 A high-producing strain, which secreted more than 23 g/L of bacterial cellulose on the isolation broth during 10 days of static cultivation, was selected and tested in optimized culture conditions. 28965208 5 13 theme bacterial 856:864 arg1 cellulose 866:874 Dried bacterial cellulose 850:874 Dried bacterial cellulose obtained in the optimized broth 850:906 Dried bacterial cellulose obtained in the optimized broth was characterized to determine its microstructural, thermal, and mechanical properties. 28965208 2 14 theme culture 511:517 arg1 strains 519:525 all the culture strains 503:525 all the culture strains 503:525 Bacterial cellulose layers of different thickness were observed for all the culture strains. 28965208 4 15 theme yield 774:778 arg1 increase 752:759 the increase 748:759 the increase of cellulose yield 748:778 In static conditions, the increase of cellulose yield and the reduction of by-products such as gluconic acid were observed. 28965208 4 15 theme yield 774:778 arg1 reduction 788:796 the reduction 784:796 the reduction of by-products such as gluconic acid 784:833 In static conditions, the increase of cellulose yield and the reduction of by-products such as gluconic acid were observed. 28965208 6 16 theme selected 1082:1089 arg1 strain 1091:1096 the selected strain 1078:1096 the selected strain for biomedical and food applications 1078:1133 All the findings of this study support the use of bacterial cellulose produced by the selected strain for biomedical and food applications. 28965208 1 17 theme Bacterial 90:98 arg1 cellulose 100:108 Bacterial cellulose 90:108 Bacterial cellulose 90:108 Bacterial cellulose is composed of an ultrafine nanofiber network and well-ordered structure; therefore, it offers several advantages when used as native polymer or in composite systems.In this study, a pool of 34 acetic acid bacteria strains belonging to Komagataeibacter xylinus were screened for their ability to produce bacterial cellulose. 28965208 2 18 theme cellulose 445:453 arg1 layers 455:460 Bacterial cellulose layers 435:460 Bacterial cellulose layers of different thickness 435:483 Bacterial cellulose layers of different thickness were observed for all the culture strains. 28965208 1 19 from study 284:288 arg1 systems.In 268:277 composite systems.In 258:277 composite systems.In 258:277 Bacterial cellulose is composed of an ultrafine nanofiber network and well-ordered structure; therefore, it offers several advantages when used as native polymer or in composite systems.In this study, a pool of 34 acetic acid bacteria strains belonging to Komagataeibacter xylinus were screened for their ability to produce bacterial cellulose. 28965208 0 20 theme bacterial 24:32 arg1 cellulose 34:42 bacterial cellulose 24:42 bacterial cellulose 24:42 Increased production of bacterial cellulose as starting point for scaled-up applications. 28965208 4 21 theme gluconic 821:828 arg1 acid 830:833 gluconic acid 821:833 gluconic acid 821:833 In static conditions, the increase of cellulose yield and the reduction of by-products such as gluconic acid were observed. 28965208 5 22 theme thermal 960:966 arg1 properties 984:993 its microstructural, thermal, and mechanical properties 939:993 its microstructural, thermal, and mechanical properties 939:993 Dried bacterial cellulose obtained in the optimized broth was characterized to determine its microstructural, thermal, and mechanical properties. 28965208 6 23 theme cellulose 1056:1064 arg1 use 1039:1041 the use 1035:1041 the use of bacterial cellulose produced by the selected strain for biomedical and food applications 1035:1133 All the findings of this study support the use of bacterial cellulose produced by the selected strain for biomedical and food applications. 28965208 6 24 theme study 1021:1025 arg1 findings 1004:1011 All the findings 996:1011 All the findings of this study 996:1025 All the findings of this study support the use of bacterial cellulose produced by the selected strain for biomedical and food applications. 28965208 3 25 theme static 649:654 arg1 cultivation 656:666 static cultivation 649:666 static cultivation 649:666 A high-producing strain, which secreted more than 23 g/L of bacterial cellulose on the isolation broth during 10 days of static cultivation, was selected and tested in optimized culture conditions. 28965208 1 26 theme several 205:211 arg1 advantages 213:222 several advantages 205:222 several advantages 205:222 Bacterial cellulose is composed of an ultrafine nanofiber network and well-ordered structure; therefore, it offers several advantages when used as native polymer or in composite systems.In this study, a pool of 34 acetic acid bacteria strains belonging to Komagataeibacter xylinus were screened for their ability to produce bacterial cellulose. 28965208 3 27 theme cultivation 656:666 arg1 10 days 638:644 10 days 638:644 10 days of static cultivation 638:666 A high-producing strain, which secreted more than 23 g/L of bacterial cellulose on the isolation broth during 10 days of static cultivation, was selected and tested in optimized culture conditions. 28965208 3 28 theme cellulose 598:606 arg1 23 g/L 578:583 23 g/L 578:583 23 g/L of bacterial cellulose on the isolation broth 578:629 A high-producing strain, which secreted more than 23 g/L of bacterial cellulose on the isolation broth during 10 days of static cultivation, was selected and tested in optimized culture conditions. 28965208 2 29 theme thickness 475:483 arg1 layers 455:460 Bacterial cellulose layers 435:460 Bacterial cellulose layers of different thickness 435:483 Bacterial cellulose layers of different thickness were observed for all the culture strains. 28965208 0 30 theme cellulose 34:42 arg1 production 10:19 production 10:19 production of bacterial cellulose 10:42 Increased production of bacterial cellulose as starting point for scaled-up applications. 28965208 2 31 theme Bacterial 435:443 arg1 layers 455:460 Bacterial cellulose layers 435:460 Bacterial cellulose layers of different thickness 435:483 Bacterial cellulose layers of different thickness were observed for all the culture strains. 28965208 1 32 dep Komagataeibacter 346:361 arg1 xylinus 363:369 Komagataeibacter xylinus 346:369 Komagataeibacter xylinus 346:369 Bacterial cellulose is composed of an ultrafine nanofiber network and well-ordered structure; therefore, it offers several advantages when used as native polymer or in composite systems.In this study, a pool of 34 acetic acid bacteria strains belonging to Komagataeibacter xylinus were screened for their ability to produce bacterial cellulose. 28965208 2 33 theme different 465:473 arg1 thickness 475:483 different thickness 465:483 different thickness 465:483 Bacterial cellulose layers of different thickness were observed for all the culture strains. 28965208 0 34 theme starting 47:54 arg1 point 56:60 starting point 47:60 starting point for scaled-up applications 47:87 Increased production of bacterial cellulose as starting point for scaled-up applications. 28965208 1 35 theme 34 301:302 arg1 strains 325:331 34 acetic acid bacteria strains 301:331 34 acetic acid bacteria strains belonging to Komagataeibacter xylinus 301:369 Bacterial cellulose is composed of an ultrafine nanofiber network and well-ordered structure; therefore, it offers several advantages when used as native polymer or in composite systems.In this study, a pool of 34 acetic acid bacteria strains belonging to Komagataeibacter xylinus were screened for their ability to produce bacterial cellulose. 28965208 3 36 theme optimized 696:704 arg1 conditions 714:723 optimized culture conditions 696:723 optimized culture conditions 696:723 A high-producing strain, which secreted more than 23 g/L of bacterial cellulose on the isolation broth during 10 days of static cultivation, was selected and tested in optimized culture conditions. 28965208 3 37 theme bacterial 588:596 arg1 cellulose 598:606 bacterial cellulose 588:606 bacterial cellulose 588:606 A high-producing strain, which secreted more than 23 g/L of bacterial cellulose on the isolation broth during 10 days of static cultivation, was selected and tested in optimized culture conditions. 28965208 1 38 theme acetic 304:309 arg1 strains 325:331 34 acetic acid bacteria strains 301:331 34 acetic acid bacteria strains belonging to Komagataeibacter xylinus 301:369 Bacterial cellulose is composed of an ultrafine nanofiber network and well-ordered structure; therefore, it offers several advantages when used as native polymer or in composite systems.In this study, a pool of 34 acetic acid bacteria strains belonging to Komagataeibacter xylinus were screened for their ability to produce bacterial cellulose. 28965208 1 39 theme ultrafine 128:136 arg1 network 148:154 an ultrafine nanofiber network 125:154 an ultrafine nanofiber network 125:154 Bacterial cellulose is composed of an ultrafine nanofiber network and well-ordered structure; therefore, it offers several advantages when used as native polymer or in composite systems.In this study, a pool of 34 acetic acid bacteria strains belonging to Komagataeibacter xylinus were screened for their ability to produce bacterial cellulose. 28965208 1 40 theme bacterial 414:422 arg1 cellulose 424:432 bacterial cellulose 414:432 bacterial cellulose 414:432 Bacterial cellulose is composed of an ultrafine nanofiber network and well-ordered structure; therefore, it offers several advantages when used as native polymer or in composite systems.In this study, a pool of 34 acetic acid bacteria strains belonging to Komagataeibacter xylinus were screened for their ability to produce bacterial cellulose. 28965208 1 41 theme nanofiber 138:146 arg1 network 148:154 an ultrafine nanofiber network 125:154 an ultrafine nanofiber network 125:154 Bacterial cellulose is composed of an ultrafine nanofiber network and well-ordered structure; therefore, it offers several advantages when used as native polymer or in composite systems.In this study, a pool of 34 acetic acid bacteria strains belonging to Komagataeibacter xylinus were screened for their ability to produce bacterial cellulose. 28965208 4 42 theme static 729:734 arg1 conditions 736:745 static conditions 729:745 static conditions 729:745 In static conditions, the increase of cellulose yield and the reduction of by-products such as gluconic acid were observed. 28965208 0 43 theme scaled-up 66:74 arg1 applications 76:87 scaled-up applications 66:87 scaled-up applications 66:87 Increased production of bacterial cellulose as starting point for scaled-up applications. 28965208 5 44 theme Dried 850:854 arg1 cellulose 866:874 Dried bacterial cellulose 850:874 Dried bacterial cellulose obtained in the optimized broth 850:906 Dried bacterial cellulose obtained in the optimized broth was characterized to determine its microstructural, thermal, and mechanical properties. 28965208 4 45 theme by-products 801:811 arg1 increase 752:759 the increase 748:759 the increase of cellulose yield 748:778 In static conditions, the increase of cellulose yield and the reduction of by-products such as gluconic acid were observed. 28965208 4 45 theme by-products 801:811 arg1 reduction 788:796 the reduction 784:796 the reduction of by-products such as gluconic acid 784:833 In static conditions, the increase of cellulose yield and the reduction of by-products such as gluconic acid were observed. 28965208 3 46 from 23 g/L 578:583 arg1 broth 625:629 the isolation broth 611:629 the isolation broth 611:629 A high-producing strain, which secreted more than 23 g/L of bacterial cellulose on the isolation broth during 10 days of static cultivation, was selected and tested in optimized culture conditions. 28965208 1 47 theme native 237:242 arg1 polymer 244:250 native polymer 237:250 native polymer 237:250 Bacterial cellulose is composed of an ultrafine nanofiber network and well-ordered structure; therefore, it offers several advantages when used as native polymer or in composite systems.In this study, a pool of 34 acetic acid bacteria strains belonging to Komagataeibacter xylinus were screened for their ability to produce bacterial cellulose. 28965208 1 48 theme acid 311:314 arg1 strains 325:331 34 acetic acid bacteria strains 301:331 34 acetic acid bacteria strains belonging to Komagataeibacter xylinus 301:369 Bacterial cellulose is composed of an ultrafine nanofiber network and well-ordered structure; therefore, it offers several advantages when used as native polymer or in composite systems.In this study, a pool of 34 acetic acid bacteria strains belonging to Komagataeibacter xylinus were screened for their ability to produce bacterial cellulose. 28965208 3 49 theme isolation 615:623 arg1 broth 625:629 the isolation broth 611:629 the isolation broth 611:629 A high-producing strain, which secreted more than 23 g/L of bacterial cellulose on the isolation broth during 10 days of static cultivation, was selected and tested in optimized culture conditions. 28965208 5 50 theme optimized 892:900 arg1 broth 902:906 the optimized broth 888:906 the optimized broth 888:906 Dried bacterial cellulose obtained in the optimized broth was characterized to determine its microstructural, thermal, and mechanical properties. 29407141 4 0 theme electron 913:920 arg1 HRTEM 934:938 HRTEM 934:938 HRTEM 934:938 From high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), the average size of silver nanoparticles is found to be 20nm. 29407141 4 0 theme electron 913:920 arg1 microscopy 922:931 high resolution transmission electron microscopy 884:931 high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) 884:939 From high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), the average size of silver nanoparticles is found to be 20nm. 29407141 3 1 theme scanning 721:728 arg1 microscope 739:748 scanning electron microscope 721:748 field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) 706:756 The elemental composition of the hybrid nanohydrogels is studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) whereas; the surface morphology of nanohydrogels hybrid composites is studied by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) by which, it is observed that, the silver nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed throughout the nanohydrogel network. 29407141 3 1 theme scanning 721:728 arg1 FESEM 751:755 FESEM 751:755 FESEM 751:755 The elemental composition of the hybrid nanohydrogels is studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) whereas; the surface morphology of nanohydrogels hybrid composites is studied by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) by which, it is observed that, the silver nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed throughout the nanohydrogel network. 29407141 10 2 dep stable 1612:1617 arg1 nontoxic 1620:1627 nontoxic 1620:1627 nontoxic 1620:1627 Nano silver decorated PAM/D nanohydrogels are stable, nontoxic with antibacterial behaviour may be suitable for drugs delivery vehicle. 29407141 6 3 theme ornidazole 1203:1212 arg1 drugs 1214:1218 ornidazole drugs 1203:1218 ornidazole drugs 1203:1218 The in vitro release rate of ornidazole drugs is found to be 98.5% in 6h. 29407141 10 4 theme Nano 1566:1569 arg1 nanohydrogels 1594:1606 Nano silver decorated PAM/D nanohydrogels 1566:1606 Nano silver decorated PAM/D nanohydrogels 1566:1606 Nano silver decorated PAM/D nanohydrogels are stable, nontoxic with antibacterial behaviour may be suitable for drugs delivery vehicle. 29407141 3 5 dep emission 712:719 arg1 microscope 739:748 scanning electron microscope 721:748 field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) 706:756 The elemental composition of the hybrid nanohydrogels is studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) whereas; the surface morphology of nanohydrogels hybrid composites is studied by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) by which, it is observed that, the silver nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed throughout the nanohydrogel network. 29407141 3 5 dep emission 712:719 arg1 FESEM 751:755 FESEM 751:755 FESEM 751:755 The elemental composition of the hybrid nanohydrogels is studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) whereas; the surface morphology of nanohydrogels hybrid composites is studied by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) by which, it is observed that, the silver nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed throughout the nanohydrogel network. 29407141 4 6 theme resolution 889:898 arg1 HRTEM 934:938 HRTEM 934:938 HRTEM 934:938 From high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), the average size of silver nanoparticles is found to be 20nm. 29407141 4 6 theme resolution 889:898 arg1 microscopy 922:931 high resolution transmission electron microscopy 884:931 high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) 884:939 From high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), the average size of silver nanoparticles is found to be 20nm. 29407141 10 7 theme decorated 1578:1586 arg1 nanohydrogels 1594:1606 Nano silver decorated PAM/D nanohydrogels 1566:1606 Nano silver decorated PAM/D nanohydrogels 1566:1606 Nano silver decorated PAM/D nanohydrogels are stable, nontoxic with antibacterial behaviour may be suitable for drugs delivery vehicle. 29407141 3 8 theme photoelectron 592:604 arg1 XPS 620:622 XPS 620:622 XPS 620:622 The elemental composition of the hybrid nanohydrogels is studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) whereas; the surface morphology of nanohydrogels hybrid composites is studied by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) by which, it is observed that, the silver nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed throughout the nanohydrogel network. 29407141 3 8 theme photoelectron 592:604 arg1 spectroscopy 606:617 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 586:617 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 586:623 The elemental composition of the hybrid nanohydrogels is studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) whereas; the surface morphology of nanohydrogels hybrid composites is studied by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) by which, it is observed that, the silver nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed throughout the nanohydrogel network. 29407141 1 9 theme hybrid 238:243 arg1 composites 245:254 novel biodegradable, stimuli responsive, chemically cross-linked and porous polyacrylamide/dextran (PAM/D) nanohydrogels hybrid composites 117:254 novel biodegradable, stimuli responsive, chemically cross-linked and porous polyacrylamide/dextran (PAM/D) nanohydrogels hybrid composites 117:254 Herein, novel biodegradable, stimuli responsive, chemically cross-linked and porous polyacrylamide/dextran (PAM/D) nanohydrogels hybrid composites are synthesized by in situ polymerization technique with incorporation of reduced nano silver. 29407141 4 10 theme silver 962:967 arg1 nanoparticles 969:981 silver nanoparticles 962:981 silver nanoparticles 962:981 From high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), the average size of silver nanoparticles is found to be 20nm. 29407141 5 11 theme nanohydrogels 1063:1075 arg1 composites 1084:1093 nanohydrogels hybrid composites 1063:1093 nanohydrogels hybrid composites 1063:1093 The swelling, deswelling and water retention properties of nanohydrogels hybrid composites are measured in order to investigate the release rate of the ornidazole drugs. 29407141 5 12 theme composites 1084:1093 arg1 properties 1049:1058 The swelling, deswelling and water retention properties 1004:1058 The swelling, deswelling and water retention properties of nanohydrogels hybrid composites 1004:1093 The swelling, deswelling and water retention properties of nanohydrogels hybrid composites are measured in order to investigate the release rate of the ornidazole drugs. 29407141 7 13 theme hybrid 1348:1353 arg1 nanohydrogels 1355:1367 hybrid nanohydrogels 1348:1367 hybrid nanohydrogels 1348:1367 The antibacterial activities and the cytotoxicity tests along with positive and negative control of hybrid nanohydrogels are investigated. 29407141 6 14 from % 1239:1239 arg1 6h 1244:1245 6h 1244:1245 6h 1244:1245 The in vitro release rate of ornidazole drugs is found to be 98.5% in 6h. 29407141 0 15 theme drug 81:84 arg1 applications 95:106 drug delivery applications 81:106 drug delivery applications 81:106 Nano silver decorated polyacrylamide/dextran nanohydrogels hybrid composites for drug delivery applications. 29407141 3 16 theme surface 638:644 arg1 morphology 646:655 the surface morphology 634:655 the surface morphology of nanohydrogels hybrid composites 634:690 The elemental composition of the hybrid nanohydrogels is studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) whereas; the surface morphology of nanohydrogels hybrid composites is studied by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) by which, it is observed that, the silver nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed throughout the nanohydrogel network. 29407141 1 17 theme cross-linked 169:180 arg1 composites 245:254 novel biodegradable, stimuli responsive, chemically cross-linked and porous polyacrylamide/dextran (PAM/D) nanohydrogels hybrid composites 117:254 novel biodegradable, stimuli responsive, chemically cross-linked and porous polyacrylamide/dextran (PAM/D) nanohydrogels hybrid composites 117:254 Herein, novel biodegradable, stimuli responsive, chemically cross-linked and porous polyacrylamide/dextran (PAM/D) nanohydrogels hybrid composites are synthesized by in situ polymerization technique with incorporation of reduced nano silver. 29407141 9 18 dep 0.8 1561:1563 arg1 to 1558:1559 to 1558:1559 to 1558:1559 It is found that, the value of tanδ varies from 0.1 to 0.8. 29407141 3 19 theme nanohydrogel 857:868 arg1 network 870:876 the nanohydrogel network 853:876 the nanohydrogel network 853:876 The elemental composition of the hybrid nanohydrogels is studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) whereas; the surface morphology of nanohydrogels hybrid composites is studied by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) by which, it is observed that, the silver nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed throughout the nanohydrogel network. 29407141 5 20 theme ornidazole 1156:1165 arg1 drugs 1167:1171 the ornidazole drugs 1152:1171 the ornidazole drugs 1152:1171 The swelling, deswelling and water retention properties of nanohydrogels hybrid composites are measured in order to investigate the release rate of the ornidazole drugs. 29407141 1 21 theme porous 186:191 arg1 composites 245:254 novel biodegradable, stimuli responsive, chemically cross-linked and porous polyacrylamide/dextran (PAM/D) nanohydrogels hybrid composites 117:254 novel biodegradable, stimuli responsive, chemically cross-linked and porous polyacrylamide/dextran (PAM/D) nanohydrogels hybrid composites 117:254 Herein, novel biodegradable, stimuli responsive, chemically cross-linked and porous polyacrylamide/dextran (PAM/D) nanohydrogels hybrid composites are synthesized by in situ polymerization technique with incorporation of reduced nano silver. 29407141 1 22 dep responsive 146:155 arg1 stimuli 138:144 stimuli 138:144 stimuli 138:144 Herein, novel biodegradable, stimuli responsive, chemically cross-linked and porous polyacrylamide/dextran (PAM/D) nanohydrogels hybrid composites are synthesized by in situ polymerization technique with incorporation of reduced nano silver. 29407141 2 23 with interaction 355:365 arg1 PAM 387:389 PAM 387:389 PAM in presence of dextran 387:412 The interaction of nano silver with PAM in presence of dextran is investigated by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. 29407141 5 24 theme release 1136:1142 arg1 rate 1144:1147 the release rate 1132:1147 the release rate of the ornidazole drugs 1132:1171 The swelling, deswelling and water retention properties of nanohydrogels hybrid composites are measured in order to investigate the release rate of the ornidazole drugs. 29407141 2 25 theme X-ray 485:489 arg1 XRD 504:506 XRD 504:506 XRD 504:506 The interaction of nano silver with PAM in presence of dextran is investigated by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. 29407141 2 25 theme X-ray 485:489 arg1 diffraction 491:501 X-ray diffraction 485:501 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 485:507 The interaction of nano silver with PAM in presence of dextran is investigated by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. 29407141 0 26 theme Nano 0:3 arg1 silver 5:10 Nano silver 0:10 Nano silver 0:10 Nano silver decorated polyacrylamide/dextran nanohydrogels hybrid composites for drug delivery applications. 29407141 7 27 theme negative 1328:1335 arg1 control 1337:1343 positive and negative control 1315:1343 positive and negative control of hybrid nanohydrogels 1315:1367 The antibacterial activities and the cytotoxicity tests along with positive and negative control of hybrid nanohydrogels are investigated. 29407141 1 28 theme nano 338:341 arg1 silver 343:348 reduced nano silver 330:348 reduced nano silver 330:348 Herein, novel biodegradable, stimuli responsive, chemically cross-linked and porous polyacrylamide/dextran (PAM/D) nanohydrogels hybrid composites are synthesized by in situ polymerization technique with incorporation of reduced nano silver. 29407141 1 29 theme biodegradable 123:135 arg1 composites 245:254 novel biodegradable, stimuli responsive, chemically cross-linked and porous polyacrylamide/dextran (PAM/D) nanohydrogels hybrid composites 117:254 novel biodegradable, stimuli responsive, chemically cross-linked and porous polyacrylamide/dextran (PAM/D) nanohydrogels hybrid composites 117:254 Herein, novel biodegradable, stimuli responsive, chemically cross-linked and porous polyacrylamide/dextran (PAM/D) nanohydrogels hybrid composites are synthesized by in situ polymerization technique with incorporation of reduced nano silver. 29407141 7 30 theme positive 1315:1322 arg1 control 1337:1343 positive and negative control 1315:1343 positive and negative control of hybrid nanohydrogels 1315:1367 The antibacterial activities and the cytotoxicity tests along with positive and negative control of hybrid nanohydrogels are investigated. 29407141 8 31 theme gain 1405:1408 arg1 modulus 1410:1416 gain modulus 1405:1416 gain modulus 1405:1416 The loss modulus, gain modulus and complex viscosities are determined from rheological behaviour of the nanohydrogels. 29407141 2 32 theme infrared 452:459 arg1 FTIR 475:478 FTIR 475:478 FTIR 475:478 The interaction of nano silver with PAM in presence of dextran is investigated by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. 29407141 2 32 theme infrared 452:459 arg1 spectroscopy 461:472 infrared spectroscopy 452:472 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 452:479 The interaction of nano silver with PAM in presence of dextran is investigated by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. 29407141 0 33 theme nanohydrogels 45:57 arg1 composites 66:75 polyacrylamide/dextran nanohydrogels hybrid composites 22:75 polyacrylamide/dextran nanohydrogels hybrid composites for drug delivery applications 22:106 Nano silver decorated polyacrylamide/dextran nanohydrogels hybrid composites for drug delivery applications. 29407141 5 34 theme retention 1039:1047 arg1 properties 1049:1058 The swelling, deswelling and water retention properties 1004:1058 The swelling, deswelling and water retention properties of nanohydrogels hybrid composites 1004:1093 The swelling, deswelling and water retention properties of nanohydrogels hybrid composites are measured in order to investigate the release rate of the ornidazole drugs. 29407141 3 35 theme hybrid 674:679 arg1 composites 681:690 nanohydrogels hybrid composites 660:690 nanohydrogels hybrid composites 660:690 The elemental composition of the hybrid nanohydrogels is studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) whereas; the surface morphology of nanohydrogels hybrid composites is studied by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) by which, it is observed that, the silver nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed throughout the nanohydrogel network. 29407141 7 36 theme cytotoxicity 1285:1296 arg1 tests 1298:1302 the cytotoxicity tests 1281:1302 the cytotoxicity tests 1281:1302 The antibacterial activities and the cytotoxicity tests along with positive and negative control of hybrid nanohydrogels are investigated. 29407141 6 37 theme drugs 1214:1218 arg1 rate 1195:1198 The in vitro release rate 1174:1198 The in vitro release rate of ornidazole drugs 1174:1218 The in vitro release rate of ornidazole drugs is found to be 98.5% in 6h. 29407141 6 37 theme drugs 1214:1218 arg1 % 1239:1239 98.5% 1235:1239 98.5% 1235:1239 The in vitro release rate of ornidazole drugs is found to be 98.5% in 6h. 29407141 2 38 theme silver 375:380 arg1 interaction 355:365 The interaction 351:365 The interaction of nano silver with PAM in presence of dextran 351:412 The interaction of nano silver with PAM in presence of dextran is investigated by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. 29407141 2 39 dep Fourier 433:439 arg1 transforms 441:450 transforms 441:450 transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies 441:515 The interaction of nano silver with PAM in presence of dextran is investigated by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. 29407141 2 40 theme dextran 406:412 arg1 presence 394:401 presence 394:401 presence of dextran 394:412 The interaction of nano silver with PAM in presence of dextran is investigated by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. 29407141 1 41 theme in 275:276 arg1 technique 298:306 in situ polymerization technique 275:306 in situ polymerization technique with incorporation of reduced nano silver 275:348 Herein, novel biodegradable, stimuli responsive, chemically cross-linked and porous polyacrylamide/dextran (PAM/D) nanohydrogels hybrid composites are synthesized by in situ polymerization technique with incorporation of reduced nano silver. 29407141 7 42 theme antibacterial 1252:1264 arg1 activities 1266:1275 The antibacterial activities 1248:1275 The antibacterial activities 1248:1275 The antibacterial activities and the cytotoxicity tests along with positive and negative control of hybrid nanohydrogels are investigated. 29407141 1 43 theme polymerization 283:296 arg1 technique 298:306 in situ polymerization technique 275:306 in situ polymerization technique with incorporation of reduced nano silver 275:348 Herein, novel biodegradable, stimuli responsive, chemically cross-linked and porous polyacrylamide/dextran (PAM/D) nanohydrogels hybrid composites are synthesized by in situ polymerization technique with incorporation of reduced nano silver. 29407141 4 44 theme transmission 900:911 arg1 HRTEM 934:938 HRTEM 934:938 HRTEM 934:938 From high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), the average size of silver nanoparticles is found to be 20nm. 29407141 4 44 theme transmission 900:911 arg1 microscopy 922:931 high resolution transmission electron microscopy 884:931 high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) 884:939 From high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), the average size of silver nanoparticles is found to be 20nm. 29407141 10 45 theme silver 1571:1576 arg1 nanohydrogels 1594:1606 Nano silver decorated PAM/D nanohydrogels 1566:1606 Nano silver decorated PAM/D nanohydrogels 1566:1606 Nano silver decorated PAM/D nanohydrogels are stable, nontoxic with antibacterial behaviour may be suitable for drugs delivery vehicle. 29407141 3 46 theme electron 730:737 arg1 microscope 739:748 scanning electron microscope 721:748 field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) 706:756 The elemental composition of the hybrid nanohydrogels is studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) whereas; the surface morphology of nanohydrogels hybrid composites is studied by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) by which, it is observed that, the silver nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed throughout the nanohydrogel network. 29407141 3 46 theme electron 730:737 arg1 FESEM 751:755 FESEM 751:755 FESEM 751:755 The elemental composition of the hybrid nanohydrogels is studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) whereas; the surface morphology of nanohydrogels hybrid composites is studied by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) by which, it is observed that, the silver nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed throughout the nanohydrogel network. 29407141 2 47 from PAM 387:389 arg1 presence 394:401 presence 394:401 presence of dextran 394:412 The interaction of nano silver with PAM in presence of dextran is investigated by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. 29407141 3 48 theme nanohydrogels 558:570 arg1 composition 532:542 The elemental composition 518:542 The elemental composition of the hybrid nanohydrogels 518:570 The elemental composition of the hybrid nanohydrogels is studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) whereas; the surface morphology of nanohydrogels hybrid composites is studied by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) by which, it is observed that, the silver nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed throughout the nanohydrogel network. 29407141 1 49 theme polyacrylamide/dextran 193:214 arg1 composites 245:254 novel biodegradable, stimuli responsive, chemically cross-linked and porous polyacrylamide/dextran (PAM/D) nanohydrogels hybrid composites 117:254 novel biodegradable, stimuli responsive, chemically cross-linked and porous polyacrylamide/dextran (PAM/D) nanohydrogels hybrid composites 117:254 Herein, novel biodegradable, stimuli responsive, chemically cross-linked and porous polyacrylamide/dextran (PAM/D) nanohydrogels hybrid composites are synthesized by in situ polymerization technique with incorporation of reduced nano silver. 29407141 6 50 theme release 1187:1193 arg1 rate 1195:1198 The in vitro release rate 1174:1198 The in vitro release rate of ornidazole drugs 1174:1218 The in vitro release rate of ornidazole drugs is found to be 98.5% in 6h. 29407141 6 50 theme release 1187:1193 arg1 % 1239:1239 98.5% 1235:1239 98.5% 1235:1239 The in vitro release rate of ornidazole drugs is found to be 98.5% in 6h. 29407141 1 51 theme PAM/D 217:221 arg1 composites 245:254 novel biodegradable, stimuli responsive, chemically cross-linked and porous polyacrylamide/dextran (PAM/D) nanohydrogels hybrid composites 117:254 novel biodegradable, stimuli responsive, chemically cross-linked and porous polyacrylamide/dextran (PAM/D) nanohydrogels hybrid composites 117:254 Herein, novel biodegradable, stimuli responsive, chemically cross-linked and porous polyacrylamide/dextran (PAM/D) nanohydrogels hybrid composites are synthesized by in situ polymerization technique with incorporation of reduced nano silver. 29407141 4 52 theme high 884:887 arg1 HRTEM 934:938 HRTEM 934:938 HRTEM 934:938 From high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), the average size of silver nanoparticles is found to be 20nm. 29407141 4 52 theme high 884:887 arg1 microscopy 922:931 high resolution transmission electron microscopy 884:931 high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) 884:939 From high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), the average size of silver nanoparticles is found to be 20nm. 29407141 6 53 theme in 1178:1179 arg1 rate 1195:1198 The in vitro release rate 1174:1198 The in vitro release rate of ornidazole drugs 1174:1218 The in vitro release rate of ornidazole drugs is found to be 98.5% in 6h. 29407141 6 53 theme in 1178:1179 arg1 % 1239:1239 98.5% 1235:1239 98.5% 1235:1239 The in vitro release rate of ornidazole drugs is found to be 98.5% in 6h. 29407141 6 54 dep in 1178:1179 arg1 vitro 1181:1185 vitro 1181:1185 vitro 1181:1185 The in vitro release rate of ornidazole drugs is found to be 98.5% in 6h. 29407141 10 55 theme PAM/D 1588:1592 arg1 nanohydrogels 1594:1606 Nano silver decorated PAM/D nanohydrogels 1566:1606 Nano silver decorated PAM/D nanohydrogels 1566:1606 Nano silver decorated PAM/D nanohydrogels are stable, nontoxic with antibacterial behaviour may be suitable for drugs delivery vehicle. 29407141 10 56 dep drugs 1678:1682 arg1 delivery 1684:1691 delivery 1684:1691 delivery 1684:1691 Nano silver decorated PAM/D nanohydrogels are stable, nontoxic with antibacterial behaviour may be suitable for drugs delivery vehicle. 29407141 3 57 theme X-ray 586:590 arg1 XPS 620:622 XPS 620:622 XPS 620:622 The elemental composition of the hybrid nanohydrogels is studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) whereas; the surface morphology of nanohydrogels hybrid composites is studied by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) by which, it is observed that, the silver nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed throughout the nanohydrogel network. 29407141 3 57 theme X-ray 586:590 arg1 spectroscopy 606:617 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 586:617 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 586:623 The elemental composition of the hybrid nanohydrogels is studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) whereas; the surface morphology of nanohydrogels hybrid composites is studied by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) by which, it is observed that, the silver nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed throughout the nanohydrogel network. 29407141 1 58 theme nanohydrogels 224:236 arg1 composites 245:254 novel biodegradable, stimuli responsive, chemically cross-linked and porous polyacrylamide/dextran (PAM/D) nanohydrogels hybrid composites 117:254 novel biodegradable, stimuli responsive, chemically cross-linked and porous polyacrylamide/dextran (PAM/D) nanohydrogels hybrid composites 117:254 Herein, novel biodegradable, stimuli responsive, chemically cross-linked and porous polyacrylamide/dextran (PAM/D) nanohydrogels hybrid composites are synthesized by in situ polymerization technique with incorporation of reduced nano silver. 29407141 4 59 theme average 946:952 arg1 size 954:957 the average size 942:957 the average size of silver nanoparticles 942:981 From high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), the average size of silver nanoparticles is found to be 20nm. 29407141 4 59 theme average 946:952 arg1 20nm 998:1001 20nm 998:1001 20nm 998:1001 From high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), the average size of silver nanoparticles is found to be 20nm. 29407141 8 60 theme rheological 1462:1472 arg1 behaviour 1474:1482 rheological behaviour 1462:1482 rheological behaviour of the nanohydrogels 1462:1503 The loss modulus, gain modulus and complex viscosities are determined from rheological behaviour of the nanohydrogels. 29407141 9 61 theme tanδ 1537:1540 arg1 value 1528:1532 the value 1524:1532 the value of tanδ 1524:1540 It is found that, the value of tanδ varies from 0.1 to 0.8. 29407141 3 62 theme silver 793:798 arg1 nanoparticles 800:812 the silver nanoparticles 789:812 the silver nanoparticles 789:812 The elemental composition of the hybrid nanohydrogels is studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) whereas; the surface morphology of nanohydrogels hybrid composites is studied by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) by which, it is observed that, the silver nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed throughout the nanohydrogel network. 29407141 8 63 theme nanohydrogels 1491:1503 arg1 behaviour 1474:1482 rheological behaviour 1462:1482 rheological behaviour of the nanohydrogels 1462:1503 The loss modulus, gain modulus and complex viscosities are determined from rheological behaviour of the nanohydrogels. 29407141 5 64 theme hybrid 1077:1082 arg1 composites 1084:1093 nanohydrogels hybrid composites 1063:1093 nanohydrogels hybrid composites 1063:1093 The swelling, deswelling and water retention properties of nanohydrogels hybrid composites are measured in order to investigate the release rate of the ornidazole drugs. 29407141 1 65 theme responsive 146:155 arg1 composites 245:254 novel biodegradable, stimuli responsive, chemically cross-linked and porous polyacrylamide/dextran (PAM/D) nanohydrogels hybrid composites 117:254 novel biodegradable, stimuli responsive, chemically cross-linked and porous polyacrylamide/dextran (PAM/D) nanohydrogels hybrid composites 117:254 Herein, novel biodegradable, stimuli responsive, chemically cross-linked and porous polyacrylamide/dextran (PAM/D) nanohydrogels hybrid composites are synthesized by in situ polymerization technique with incorporation of reduced nano silver. 29407141 0 66 theme delivery 86:93 arg1 applications 95:106 drug delivery applications 81:106 drug delivery applications 81:106 Nano silver decorated polyacrylamide/dextran nanohydrogels hybrid composites for drug delivery applications. 29407141 7 67 theme nanohydrogels 1355:1367 arg1 control 1337:1343 positive and negative control 1315:1343 positive and negative control of hybrid nanohydrogels 1315:1367 The antibacterial activities and the cytotoxicity tests along with positive and negative control of hybrid nanohydrogels are investigated. 29407141 5 68 theme drugs 1167:1171 arg1 rate 1144:1147 the release rate 1132:1147 the release rate of the ornidazole drugs 1132:1171 The swelling, deswelling and water retention properties of nanohydrogels hybrid composites are measured in order to investigate the release rate of the ornidazole drugs. 29407141 4 69 theme nanoparticles 969:981 arg1 size 954:957 the average size 942:957 the average size of silver nanoparticles 942:981 From high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), the average size of silver nanoparticles is found to be 20nm. 29407141 4 69 theme nanoparticles 969:981 arg1 20nm 998:1001 20nm 998:1001 20nm 998:1001 From high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), the average size of silver nanoparticles is found to be 20nm. 29407141 10 70 theme antibacterial 1634:1646 arg1 behaviour 1648:1656 antibacterial behaviour 1634:1656 antibacterial behaviour 1634:1656 Nano silver decorated PAM/D nanohydrogels are stable, nontoxic with antibacterial behaviour may be suitable for drugs delivery vehicle. 29407141 0 71 theme polyacrylamide/dextran 22:43 arg1 composites 66:75 polyacrylamide/dextran nanohydrogels hybrid composites 22:75 polyacrylamide/dextran nanohydrogels hybrid composites for drug delivery applications 22:106 Nano silver decorated polyacrylamide/dextran nanohydrogels hybrid composites for drug delivery applications. 29407141 1 72 theme reduced 330:336 arg1 silver 343:348 reduced nano silver 330:348 reduced nano silver 330:348 Herein, novel biodegradable, stimuli responsive, chemically cross-linked and porous polyacrylamide/dextran (PAM/D) nanohydrogels hybrid composites are synthesized by in situ polymerization technique with incorporation of reduced nano silver. 29407141 1 73 theme novel 117:121 arg1 composites 245:254 novel biodegradable, stimuli responsive, chemically cross-linked and porous polyacrylamide/dextran (PAM/D) nanohydrogels hybrid composites 117:254 novel biodegradable, stimuli responsive, chemically cross-linked and porous polyacrylamide/dextran (PAM/D) nanohydrogels hybrid composites 117:254 Herein, novel biodegradable, stimuli responsive, chemically cross-linked and porous polyacrylamide/dextran (PAM/D) nanohydrogels hybrid composites are synthesized by in situ polymerization technique with incorporation of reduced nano silver. 29407141 3 74 theme composites 681:690 arg1 morphology 646:655 the surface morphology 634:655 the surface morphology of nanohydrogels hybrid composites 634:690 The elemental composition of the hybrid nanohydrogels is studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) whereas; the surface morphology of nanohydrogels hybrid composites is studied by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) by which, it is observed that, the silver nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed throughout the nanohydrogel network. 29407141 8 75 theme loss 1391:1394 arg1 modulus 1396:1402 The loss modulus 1387:1402 The loss modulus 1387:1402 The loss modulus, gain modulus and complex viscosities are determined from rheological behaviour of the nanohydrogels. 29407141 0 76 theme hybrid 59:64 arg1 composites 66:75 polyacrylamide/dextran nanohydrogels hybrid composites 22:75 polyacrylamide/dextran nanohydrogels hybrid composites for drug delivery applications 22:106 Nano silver decorated polyacrylamide/dextran nanohydrogels hybrid composites for drug delivery applications. 29407141 1 77 theme silver 343:348 arg1 incorporation 313:325 incorporation 313:325 incorporation of reduced nano silver 313:348 Herein, novel biodegradable, stimuli responsive, chemically cross-linked and porous polyacrylamide/dextran (PAM/D) nanohydrogels hybrid composites are synthesized by in situ polymerization technique with incorporation of reduced nano silver. 29407141 5 78 theme water 1033:1037 arg1 retention 1039:1047 water retention 1033:1047 water retention 1033:1047 The swelling, deswelling and water retention properties of nanohydrogels hybrid composites are measured in order to investigate the release rate of the ornidazole drugs. 29407141 1 79 link cross-linked 169:180 arg1 composites 245:254 novel biodegradable, stimuli responsive, chemically cross-linked and porous polyacrylamide/dextran (PAM/D) nanohydrogels hybrid composites 117:254 novel biodegradable, stimuli responsive, chemically cross-linked and porous polyacrylamide/dextran (PAM/D) nanohydrogels hybrid composites 117:254 Herein, novel biodegradable, stimuli responsive, chemically cross-linked and porous polyacrylamide/dextran (PAM/D) nanohydrogels hybrid composites are synthesized by in situ polymerization technique with incorporation of reduced nano silver. 29407141 3 80 theme nanohydrogels 660:672 arg1 composites 681:690 nanohydrogels hybrid composites 660:690 nanohydrogels hybrid composites 660:690 The elemental composition of the hybrid nanohydrogels is studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) whereas; the surface morphology of nanohydrogels hybrid composites is studied by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) by which, it is observed that, the silver nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed throughout the nanohydrogel network. 29407141 3 81 theme field 706:710 arg1 emission 712:719 field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) 706:756 field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) 706:756 The elemental composition of the hybrid nanohydrogels is studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) whereas; the surface morphology of nanohydrogels hybrid composites is studied by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) by which, it is observed that, the silver nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed throughout the nanohydrogel network. 29407141 2 82 dep spectroscopy 461:472 arg1 studies 509:515 studies 509:515 studies 509:515 The interaction of nano silver with PAM in presence of dextran is investigated by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. 29407141 3 83 theme elemental 522:530 arg1 composition 532:542 The elemental composition 518:542 The elemental composition of the hybrid nanohydrogels 518:570 The elemental composition of the hybrid nanohydrogels is studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) whereas; the surface morphology of nanohydrogels hybrid composites is studied by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) by which, it is observed that, the silver nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed throughout the nanohydrogel network. 29407141 5 84 theme swelling 1008:1015 arg1 properties 1049:1058 The swelling, deswelling and water retention properties 1004:1058 The swelling, deswelling and water retention properties of nanohydrogels hybrid composites 1004:1093 The swelling, deswelling and water retention properties of nanohydrogels hybrid composites are measured in order to investigate the release rate of the ornidazole drugs. 29407141 1 85 with technique 298:306 arg1 incorporation 313:325 incorporation 313:325 incorporation of reduced nano silver 313:348 Herein, novel biodegradable, stimuli responsive, chemically cross-linked and porous polyacrylamide/dextran (PAM/D) nanohydrogels hybrid composites are synthesized by in situ polymerization technique with incorporation of reduced nano silver. 29407141 8 86 theme complex 1422:1428 arg1 viscosities 1430:1440 complex viscosities 1422:1440 complex viscosities 1422:1440 The loss modulus, gain modulus and complex viscosities are determined from rheological behaviour of the nanohydrogels. 29407141 2 87 theme nano 370:373 arg1 silver 375:380 nano silver 370:380 nano silver 370:380 The interaction of nano silver with PAM in presence of dextran is investigated by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. 29407141 5 88 theme deswelling 1018:1027 arg1 properties 1049:1058 The swelling, deswelling and water retention properties 1004:1058 The swelling, deswelling and water retention properties of nanohydrogels hybrid composites 1004:1093 The swelling, deswelling and water retention properties of nanohydrogels hybrid composites are measured in order to investigate the release rate of the ornidazole drugs. 29407141 3 89 theme hybrid 551:556 arg1 nanohydrogels 558:570 the hybrid nanohydrogels 547:570 the hybrid nanohydrogels 547:570 The elemental composition of the hybrid nanohydrogels is studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) whereas; the surface morphology of nanohydrogels hybrid composites is studied by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) by which, it is observed that, the silver nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed throughout the nanohydrogel network. 29407141 1 90 theme situ 278:281 arg1 technique 298:306 in situ polymerization technique 275:306 in situ polymerization technique with incorporation of reduced nano silver 275:348 Herein, novel biodegradable, stimuli responsive, chemically cross-linked and porous polyacrylamide/dextran (PAM/D) nanohydrogels hybrid composites are synthesized by in situ polymerization technique with incorporation of reduced nano silver. 29352864 0 0 theme polylactic 83:92 arg1 film 119:122 polylactic acid /chitosan composite film 83:122 polylactic acid /chitosan composite film for food packaging 83:141 Rosin modified cellulose nanofiber as a reinforcing and co-antimicrobial agents in polylactic acid /chitosan composite film for food packaging. 29352864 3 1 from 1730cm-1 467:474 arg1 peak 459:462 a clear peak 451:462 a clear peak at 1730cm-1, which confirmed the successful esterification of CNF by rosin 451:537 The FT-IR spectra of rosin modified CNF (R-CNF) displayed a clear peak at 1730cm-1, which confirmed the successful esterification of CNF by rosin. 29352864 6 2 theme antimicrobial 920:932 arg1 performance 934:944 excellent antimicrobial performance 910:944 excellent antimicrobial performance against E. coli and B. subtilis 910:976 The antimicrobial test showed that the R-CNF/PLA/CHT composite film exhibited excellent antimicrobial performance against E. coli and B. subtilis, which could be attributed to the synergistic antimicrobial effect of CHT and rosin. 29352864 5 3 theme mechanical 809:818 arg1 properties 820:829 optimum mechanical properties 801:829 optimum mechanical properties 801:829 A percolation network was formed when the R-CNF loading was 8%, where the composite film displayed optimum mechanical properties. 29352864 6 4 theme CHT 1048:1050 arg1 effect 1038:1043 the synergistic antimicrobial effect 1008:1043 the synergistic antimicrobial effect of CHT and rosin 1008:1060 The antimicrobial test showed that the R-CNF/PLA/CHT composite film exhibited excellent antimicrobial performance against E. coli and B. subtilis, which could be attributed to the synergistic antimicrobial effect of CHT and rosin. 29352864 1 5 theme polylactic 236:245 arg1 PLA 253:255 PLA 253:255 PLA 253:255 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) was modified by rosin and used as a reinforcement filler within a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix. 29352864 1 5 theme polylactic 236:245 arg1 acid 247:250 polylactic acid 236:250 a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix 234:263 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) was modified by rosin and used as a reinforcement filler within a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix. 29352864 0 6 theme /chitosan 99:107 arg1 film 119:122 polylactic acid /chitosan composite film 83:122 polylactic acid /chitosan composite film for food packaging 83:141 Rosin modified cellulose nanofiber as a reinforcing and co-antimicrobial agents in polylactic acid /chitosan composite film for food packaging. 29352864 3 7 theme clear 453:457 arg1 peak 459:462 a clear peak 451:462 a clear peak at 1730cm-1, which confirmed the successful esterification of CNF by rosin 451:537 The FT-IR spectra of rosin modified CNF (R-CNF) displayed a clear peak at 1730cm-1, which confirmed the successful esterification of CNF by rosin. 29352864 1 8 theme acid 247:250 arg1 matrix 258:263 a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix 234:263 a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix 234:263 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) was modified by rosin and used as a reinforcement filler within a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix. 29352864 0 9 theme acid 94:97 arg1 film 119:122 polylactic acid /chitosan composite film 83:122 polylactic acid /chitosan composite film for food packaging 83:141 Rosin modified cellulose nanofiber as a reinforcing and co-antimicrobial agents in polylactic acid /chitosan composite film for food packaging. 29352864 4 10 theme significant 631:641 arg1 effect 643:648 a significant effect 629:648 a significant effect 629:648 The R-CNF showed a better dispersion in PLA matrix than CNF and the loading of R-CNF had a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the resulting film. 29352864 5 11 theme R-CNF 744:748 arg1 loading 750:756 the R-CNF loading 740:756 the R-CNF loading 740:756 A percolation network was formed when the R-CNF loading was 8%, where the composite film displayed optimum mechanical properties. 29352864 5 11 theme R-CNF 744:748 arg1 % 763:763 8% 762:763 8% 762:763 A percolation network was formed when the R-CNF loading was 8%, where the composite film displayed optimum mechanical properties. 29352864 3 12 theme modified 420:427 arg1 R-CNF 434:438 R-CNF 434:438 R-CNF 434:438 The FT-IR spectra of rosin modified CNF (R-CNF) displayed a clear peak at 1730cm-1, which confirmed the successful esterification of CNF by rosin. 29352864 3 12 theme modified 420:427 arg1 CNF 429:431 rosin modified CNF 414:431 rosin modified CNF (R-CNF) 414:439 The FT-IR spectra of rosin modified CNF (R-CNF) displayed a clear peak at 1730cm-1, which confirmed the successful esterification of CNF by rosin. 29352864 4 13 theme resulting 686:694 arg1 film 696:699 the resulting film 682:699 the resulting film 682:699 The R-CNF showed a better dispersion in PLA matrix than CNF and the loading of R-CNF had a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the resulting film. 29352864 2 14 theme composite 344:352 arg1 film 354:357 a two-layer composite film 332:357 a two-layer composite film for antimicrobial food packaging 332:390 The resulting film was then coated with chitosan (CHT) to prepare a two-layer composite film for antimicrobial food packaging. 29352864 0 15 theme composite 109:117 arg1 film 119:122 polylactic acid /chitosan composite film 83:122 polylactic acid /chitosan composite film for food packaging 83:141 Rosin modified cellulose nanofiber as a reinforcing and co-antimicrobial agents in polylactic acid /chitosan composite film for food packaging. 29352864 2 16 theme two-layer 334:342 arg1 film 354:357 a two-layer composite film 332:357 a two-layer composite film for antimicrobial food packaging 332:390 The resulting film was then coated with chitosan (CHT) to prepare a two-layer composite film for antimicrobial food packaging. 29352864 4 17 contain had 625:627 arg1 loading 608:614 the loading 604:614 the loading of R-CNF 604:623 The R-CNF showed a better dispersion in PLA matrix than CNF and the loading of R-CNF had a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the resulting film. 29352864 4 17 contain had 625:627 arg2 effect 643:648 a significant effect 629:648 a significant effect 629:648 The R-CNF showed a better dispersion in PLA matrix than CNF and the loading of R-CNF had a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the resulting film. 29352864 4 18 theme PLA 580:582 arg1 matrix 584:589 PLA matrix 580:589 PLA matrix 580:589 The R-CNF showed a better dispersion in PLA matrix than CNF and the loading of R-CNF had a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the resulting film. 29352864 3 19 theme successful 497:506 arg1 esterification 508:521 the successful esterification 493:521 the successful esterification of CNF 493:528 The FT-IR spectra of rosin modified CNF (R-CNF) displayed a clear peak at 1730cm-1, which confirmed the successful esterification of CNF by rosin. 29352864 6 20 theme composite 885:893 arg1 film 895:898 the R-CNF/PLA/CHT composite film 867:898 the R-CNF/PLA/CHT composite film 867:898 The antimicrobial test showed that the R-CNF/PLA/CHT composite film exhibited excellent antimicrobial performance against E. coli and B. subtilis, which could be attributed to the synergistic antimicrobial effect of CHT and rosin. 29352864 6 21 theme R-CNF/PLA/CHT 871:883 arg1 film 895:898 the R-CNF/PLA/CHT composite film 867:898 the R-CNF/PLA/CHT composite film 867:898 The antimicrobial test showed that the R-CNF/PLA/CHT composite film exhibited excellent antimicrobial performance against E. coli and B. subtilis, which could be attributed to the synergistic antimicrobial effect of CHT and rosin. 29352864 0 22 theme food 128:131 arg1 packaging 133:141 food packaging 128:141 food packaging 128:141 Rosin modified cellulose nanofiber as a reinforcing and co-antimicrobial agents in polylactic acid /chitosan composite film for food packaging. 29352864 2 23 theme resulting 270:278 arg1 film 280:283 The resulting film 266:283 The resulting film 266:283 The resulting film was then coated with chitosan (CHT) to prepare a two-layer composite film for antimicrobial food packaging. 29352864 4 24 from dispersion 566:575 arg1 matrix 584:589 PLA matrix 580:589 PLA matrix 580:589 The R-CNF showed a better dispersion in PLA matrix than CNF and the loading of R-CNF had a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the resulting film. 29352864 3 25 theme rosin 414:418 arg1 R-CNF 434:438 R-CNF 434:438 R-CNF 434:438 The FT-IR spectra of rosin modified CNF (R-CNF) displayed a clear peak at 1730cm-1, which confirmed the successful esterification of CNF by rosin. 29352864 3 25 theme rosin 414:418 arg1 CNF 429:431 rosin modified CNF 414:431 rosin modified CNF (R-CNF) 414:439 The FT-IR spectra of rosin modified CNF (R-CNF) displayed a clear peak at 1730cm-1, which confirmed the successful esterification of CNF by rosin. 29352864 0 26 theme cellulose 15:23 arg1 nanofiber 25:33 cellulose nanofiber 15:33 cellulose nanofiber 15:33 Rosin modified cellulose nanofiber as a reinforcing and co-antimicrobial agents in polylactic acid /chitosan composite film for food packaging. 29352864 0 26 theme cellulose 15:23 arg1 agents 73:78 co-antimicrobial agents 56:78 co-antimicrobial agents 56:78 Rosin modified cellulose nanofiber as a reinforcing and co-antimicrobial agents in polylactic acid /chitosan composite film for food packaging. 29352864 6 27 theme rosin 1056:1060 arg1 effect 1038:1043 the synergistic antimicrobial effect 1008:1043 the synergistic antimicrobial effect of CHT and rosin 1008:1060 The antimicrobial test showed that the R-CNF/PLA/CHT composite film exhibited excellent antimicrobial performance against E. coli and B. subtilis, which could be attributed to the synergistic antimicrobial effect of CHT and rosin. 29352864 2 28 theme antimicrobial 363:375 arg1 packaging 382:390 antimicrobial food packaging 363:390 antimicrobial food packaging 363:390 The resulting film was then coated with chitosan (CHT) to prepare a two-layer composite film for antimicrobial food packaging. 29352864 4 29 theme R-CNF 619:623 arg1 loading 608:614 the loading 604:614 the loading of R-CNF 604:623 The R-CNF showed a better dispersion in PLA matrix than CNF and the loading of R-CNF had a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the resulting film. 29352864 6 30 theme excellent 910:918 arg1 performance 934:944 excellent antimicrobial performance 910:944 excellent antimicrobial performance against E. coli and B. subtilis 910:976 The antimicrobial test showed that the R-CNF/PLA/CHT composite film exhibited excellent antimicrobial performance against E. coli and B. subtilis, which could be attributed to the synergistic antimicrobial effect of CHT and rosin. 29352864 1 31 used used 196:199 arg2 CNF 165:167 CNF 165:167 CNF 165:167 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) was modified by rosin and used as a reinforcement filler within a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix. 29352864 1 31 used used 196:199 arg2 nanofiber 154:162 Cellulose nanofiber 144:162 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) 144:168 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) was modified by rosin and used as a reinforcement filler within a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix. 29352864 1 31 used used 196:199 arg2 filler 220:225 a reinforcement filler 204:225 a reinforcement filler within a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix 204:263 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) was modified by rosin and used as a reinforcement filler within a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix. 29352864 6 32 theme antimicrobial 1024:1036 arg1 effect 1038:1043 the synergistic antimicrobial effect 1008:1043 the synergistic antimicrobial effect of CHT and rosin 1008:1060 The antimicrobial test showed that the R-CNF/PLA/CHT composite film exhibited excellent antimicrobial performance against E. coli and B. subtilis, which could be attributed to the synergistic antimicrobial effect of CHT and rosin. 29352864 5 33 theme optimum 801:807 arg1 properties 820:829 optimum mechanical properties 801:829 optimum mechanical properties 801:829 A percolation network was formed when the R-CNF loading was 8%, where the composite film displayed optimum mechanical properties. 29352864 5 34 theme percolation 704:714 arg1 network 716:722 A percolation network 702:722 A percolation network 702:722 A percolation network was formed when the R-CNF loading was 8%, where the composite film displayed optimum mechanical properties. 29352864 6 35 theme antimicrobial 836:848 arg1 test 850:853 The antimicrobial test 832:853 The antimicrobial test 832:853 The antimicrobial test showed that the R-CNF/PLA/CHT composite film exhibited excellent antimicrobial performance against E. coli and B. subtilis, which could be attributed to the synergistic antimicrobial effect of CHT and rosin. 29352864 3 36 theme CNF 526:528 arg1 esterification 508:521 the successful esterification 493:521 the successful esterification of CNF 493:528 The FT-IR spectra of rosin modified CNF (R-CNF) displayed a clear peak at 1730cm-1, which confirmed the successful esterification of CNF by rosin. 29352864 1 37 mod modified 174:181 arg1 filler 220:225 a reinforcement filler 204:225 a reinforcement filler within a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix 204:263 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) was modified by rosin and used as a reinforcement filler within a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix. 29352864 1 37 mod modified 174:181 arg1 nanofiber 154:162 Cellulose nanofiber 144:162 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) 144:168 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) was modified by rosin and used as a reinforcement filler within a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix. 29352864 1 37 mod modified 174:181 arg3 rosin 186:190 rosin 186:190 rosin 186:190 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) was modified by rosin and used as a reinforcement filler within a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix. 29352864 1 37 mod modified 174:181 arg1 CNF 165:167 CNF 165:167 CNF 165:167 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) was modified by rosin and used as a reinforcement filler within a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix. 29352864 3 38 theme CNF 429:431 arg1 spectra 403:409 The FT-IR spectra 393:409 The FT-IR spectra of rosin modified CNF (R-CNF) 393:439 The FT-IR spectra of rosin modified CNF (R-CNF) displayed a clear peak at 1730cm-1, which confirmed the successful esterification of CNF by rosin. 29352864 4 39 theme mechanical 657:666 arg1 properties 668:677 the mechanical properties 653:677 the mechanical properties of the resulting film 653:699 The R-CNF showed a better dispersion in PLA matrix than CNF and the loading of R-CNF had a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the resulting film. 29352864 4 40 theme film 696:699 arg1 properties 668:677 the mechanical properties 653:677 the mechanical properties of the resulting film 653:699 The R-CNF showed a better dispersion in PLA matrix than CNF and the loading of R-CNF had a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the resulting film. 29352864 6 41 theme synergistic 1012:1022 arg1 effect 1038:1043 the synergistic antimicrobial effect 1008:1043 the synergistic antimicrobial effect of CHT and rosin 1008:1060 The antimicrobial test showed that the R-CNF/PLA/CHT composite film exhibited excellent antimicrobial performance against E. coli and B. subtilis, which could be attributed to the synergistic antimicrobial effect of CHT and rosin. 29352864 1 42 theme reinforcement 206:218 arg1 filler 220:225 a reinforcement filler 204:225 a reinforcement filler within a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix 204:263 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) was modified by rosin and used as a reinforcement filler within a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix. 29352864 1 42 theme reinforcement 206:218 arg1 nanofiber 154:162 Cellulose nanofiber 144:162 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) 144:168 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) was modified by rosin and used as a reinforcement filler within a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix. 29352864 2 43 theme food 377:380 arg1 packaging 382:390 antimicrobial food packaging 363:390 antimicrobial food packaging 363:390 The resulting film was then coated with chitosan (CHT) to prepare a two-layer composite film for antimicrobial food packaging. 29352864 1 44 theme Cellulose 144:152 arg1 filler 220:225 a reinforcement filler 204:225 a reinforcement filler within a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix 204:263 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) was modified by rosin and used as a reinforcement filler within a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix. 29352864 1 44 theme Cellulose 144:152 arg1 nanofiber 154:162 Cellulose nanofiber 144:162 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) 144:168 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) was modified by rosin and used as a reinforcement filler within a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix. 29352864 1 44 theme Cellulose 144:152 arg1 CNF 165:167 CNF 165:167 CNF 165:167 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) was modified by rosin and used as a reinforcement filler within a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix. 29352864 3 45 theme FT-IR 397:401 arg1 spectra 403:409 The FT-IR spectra 393:409 The FT-IR spectra of rosin modified CNF (R-CNF) 393:439 The FT-IR spectra of rosin modified CNF (R-CNF) displayed a clear peak at 1730cm-1, which confirmed the successful esterification of CNF by rosin. 29352864 0 46 theme co-antimicrobial 56:71 arg1 nanofiber 25:33 cellulose nanofiber 15:33 cellulose nanofiber 15:33 Rosin modified cellulose nanofiber as a reinforcing and co-antimicrobial agents in polylactic acid /chitosan composite film for food packaging. 29352864 0 46 theme co-antimicrobial 56:71 arg1 agents 73:78 co-antimicrobial agents 56:78 co-antimicrobial agents 56:78 Rosin modified cellulose nanofiber as a reinforcing and co-antimicrobial agents in polylactic acid /chitosan composite film for food packaging. 29352864 6 47 dep exhibited 900:908 arg1 attributed 994:1003 attributed 994:1003 could be attributed to the synergistic antimicrobial effect of CHT and rosin 985:1060 The antimicrobial test showed that the R-CNF/PLA/CHT composite film exhibited excellent antimicrobial performance against E. coli and B. subtilis, which could be attributed to the synergistic antimicrobial effect of CHT and rosin. 29352864 4 48 theme better 559:564 arg1 dispersion 566:575 a better dispersion 557:575 a better dispersion in PLA matrix 557:589 The R-CNF showed a better dispersion in PLA matrix than CNF and the loading of R-CNF had a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the resulting film. 29352864 5 49 theme composite 776:784 arg1 film 786:789 the composite film 772:789 the composite film 772:789 A percolation network was formed when the R-CNF loading was 8%, where the composite film displayed optimum mechanical properties. 26276256 2 0 theme dissolution 687:697 arg1 process 699:705 the dissolution process 683:705 the dissolution process in detail 683:715 The matrix effect, modulating the drug dissolution, was characterized with a battery of physicochemical methodologies, including ToF-SIMS for surface composition, SAXS/WAXS and modulated DSC for crystallization characterization, and simultaneous UV-imaging and Raman spectroscopy for monitoring the dissolution process in detail. 26276256 3 1 theme polymer 811:817 arg1 matrix 819:824 a polymer matrix 809:824 a polymer matrix in single continuous phase 809:851 The hybrid particle formulations investigated consisted of amorphous nilotinib embedded in a polymer matrix in single continuous phase, displaying extended retained amorphicity also under wet conditions. 26276256 2 2 theme drug 422:425 arg1 dissolution 427:437 the drug dissolution 418:437 the drug dissolution 418:437 The matrix effect, modulating the drug dissolution, was characterized with a battery of physicochemical methodologies, including ToF-SIMS for surface composition, SAXS/WAXS and modulated DSC for crystallization characterization, and simultaneous UV-imaging and Raman spectroscopy for monitoring the dissolution process in detail. 26276256 6 3 theme industrial 1622:1631 arg1 attention 1633:1641 an intense therapeutic and industrial attention 1595:1641 an intense therapeutic and industrial attention due to the difficulty in formulating these compounds so that efficient oral bioavailability is reached 1595:1744 These findings provide a mechanistic foundation of formulation development of nilotinib and other protein kinase inhibitors, which are now witnessing an intense therapeutic and industrial attention due to the difficulty in formulating these compounds so that efficient oral bioavailability is reached. 26276256 4 4 from drug 1094:1097 arg1 polymer 1131:1137 the polymer 1127:1137 the polymer 1127:1137 It was demonstrated by Raman and FTIR spectroscopy that the efficient drug dispersion and amorphization in the polymer matrix were mediated by hydrogen bonding between the drug and the phthalate groups on the polymer. 26276256 6 5 theme protein 1543:1549 arg1 inhibitors 1558:1567 other protein kinase inhibitors 1537:1567 other protein kinase inhibitors 1537:1567 These findings provide a mechanistic foundation of formulation development of nilotinib and other protein kinase inhibitors, which are now witnessing an intense therapeutic and industrial attention due to the difficulty in formulating these compounds so that efficient oral bioavailability is reached. 26276256 3 6 theme continuous 836:845 arg1 phase 847:851 single continuous phase 829:851 single continuous phase 829:851 The hybrid particle formulations investigated consisted of amorphous nilotinib embedded in a polymer matrix in single continuous phase, displaying extended retained amorphicity also under wet conditions. 26276256 6 7 theme intense 1598:1604 arg1 attention 1633:1641 an intense therapeutic and industrial attention 1595:1641 an intense therapeutic and industrial attention due to the difficulty in formulating these compounds so that efficient oral bioavailability is reached 1595:1744 These findings provide a mechanistic foundation of formulation development of nilotinib and other protein kinase inhibitors, which are now witnessing an intense therapeutic and industrial attention due to the difficulty in formulating these compounds so that efficient oral bioavailability is reached. 26276256 6 8 theme efficient 1704:1712 arg1 bioavailability 1719:1733 efficient oral bioavailability 1704:1733 efficient oral bioavailability 1704:1733 These findings provide a mechanistic foundation of formulation development of nilotinib and other protein kinase inhibitors, which are now witnessing an intense therapeutic and industrial attention due to the difficulty in formulating these compounds so that efficient oral bioavailability is reached. 26276256 1 9 theme pH-titrable 213:223 arg1 phthalate 263:271 the pH-titrable polymer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate 209:271 the pH-titrable polymer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate 209:271 Factors determining the pH-controlled dissolution kinetics of nilotinib formulations with the pH-titrable polymer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate, obtained by carbon dioxide-mediated precipitation, were mechanistically examined in acid and neutral environment. 26276256 4 10 theme drug 992:995 arg1 dispersion 997:1006 the efficient drug dispersion 978:1006 the efficient drug dispersion 978:1006 It was demonstrated by Raman and FTIR spectroscopy that the efficient drug dispersion and amorphization in the polymer matrix were mediated by hydrogen bonding between the drug and the phthalate groups on the polymer. 26276256 1 11 theme hydroxypropyl 233:245 arg1 phthalate 263:271 the pH-titrable polymer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate 209:271 the pH-titrable polymer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate 209:271 Factors determining the pH-controlled dissolution kinetics of nilotinib formulations with the pH-titrable polymer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate, obtained by carbon dioxide-mediated precipitation, were mechanistically examined in acid and neutral environment. 26276256 3 12 theme extended 865:872 arg1 amorphicity 883:893 extended retained amorphicity 865:893 extended retained amorphicity also 865:898 The hybrid particle formulations investigated consisted of amorphous nilotinib embedded in a polymer matrix in single continuous phase, displaying extended retained amorphicity also under wet conditions. 26276256 5 13 theme drug 1199:1202 arg1 load 1204:1207 drug load 1199:1207 drug load 1199:1207 Simultaneous Raman and UV-imaging studies of the effect of drug load on the swelling and dissolution of the polymer matrix revealed that high nilotinib load prevented matrix swelling on passage from acid to neutral pH, thereby preventing re-precipitation and re-crystallization of incorporated nilotinib. 26276256 5 14 from Raman 1153:1157 arg1 dissolution 1229:1239 dissolution 1229:1239 dissolution 1229:1239 Simultaneous Raman and UV-imaging studies of the effect of drug load on the swelling and dissolution of the polymer matrix revealed that high nilotinib load prevented matrix swelling on passage from acid to neutral pH, thereby preventing re-precipitation and re-crystallization of incorporated nilotinib. 26276256 5 14 from Raman 1153:1157 arg1 swelling 1216:1223 swelling 1216:1223 swelling 1216:1223 Simultaneous Raman and UV-imaging studies of the effect of drug load on the swelling and dissolution of the polymer matrix revealed that high nilotinib load prevented matrix swelling on passage from acid to neutral pH, thereby preventing re-precipitation and re-crystallization of incorporated nilotinib. 26276256 3 15 from matrix 819:824 arg1 phase 847:851 single continuous phase 829:851 single continuous phase 829:851 The hybrid particle formulations investigated consisted of amorphous nilotinib embedded in a polymer matrix in single continuous phase, displaying extended retained amorphicity also under wet conditions. 26276256 3 15 from matrix 819:824 arg1 embedded 797:804 embedded 797:804 embedded 797:804 The hybrid particle formulations investigated consisted of amorphous nilotinib embedded in a polymer matrix in single continuous phase, displaying extended retained amorphicity also under wet conditions. 26276256 6 16 theme mechanistic 1470:1480 arg1 foundation 1482:1491 a mechanistic foundation 1468:1491 a mechanistic foundation of formulation development of nilotinib and other protein kinase inhibitors, which are now witnessing an intense therapeutic and industrial attention due to the difficulty in formulating these compounds so that efficient oral bioavailability is reached 1468:1744 These findings provide a mechanistic foundation of formulation development of nilotinib and other protein kinase inhibitors, which are now witnessing an intense therapeutic and industrial attention due to the difficulty in formulating these compounds so that efficient oral bioavailability is reached. 26276256 0 17 theme nilotinib 18:26 arg1 formulations 28:39 nilotinib formulations 18:39 nilotinib formulations with pH-responsive polymer 18:66 Matrix effects in nilotinib formulations with pH-responsive polymer produced by carbon dioxide-mediated precipitation. 26276256 4 18 theme polymer 1033:1039 arg1 matrix 1041:1046 the polymer matrix 1029:1046 the polymer matrix 1029:1046 It was demonstrated by Raman and FTIR spectroscopy that the efficient drug dispersion and amorphization in the polymer matrix were mediated by hydrogen bonding between the drug and the phthalate groups on the polymer. 26276256 1 19 theme acid 358:361 arg1 environment 375:385 acid and neutral environment 358:385 environment 375:385 Factors determining the pH-controlled dissolution kinetics of nilotinib formulations with the pH-titrable polymer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate, obtained by carbon dioxide-mediated precipitation, were mechanistically examined in acid and neutral environment. 26276256 1 20 theme pH-controlled 143:155 arg1 kinetics 169:176 the pH-controlled dissolution kinetics 139:176 the pH-controlled dissolution kinetics of nilotinib formulations with the pH-titrable polymer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate, obtained by carbon dioxide-mediated precipitation, 139:323 Factors determining the pH-controlled dissolution kinetics of nilotinib formulations with the pH-titrable polymer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate, obtained by carbon dioxide-mediated precipitation, were mechanistically examined in acid and neutral environment. 26276256 5 21 theme incorporated 1421:1432 arg1 nilotinib 1434:1442 incorporated nilotinib 1421:1442 incorporated nilotinib 1421:1442 Simultaneous Raman and UV-imaging studies of the effect of drug load on the swelling and dissolution of the polymer matrix revealed that high nilotinib load prevented matrix swelling on passage from acid to neutral pH, thereby preventing re-precipitation and re-crystallization of incorporated nilotinib. 26276256 5 22 theme effect 1189:1194 arg1 Raman 1153:1157 Simultaneous Raman and UV-imaging studies 1140:1180 Raman 1153:1157 Simultaneous Raman and UV-imaging studies of the effect of drug load on the swelling and dissolution of the polymer matrix revealed that high nilotinib load prevented matrix swelling on passage from acid to neutral pH, thereby preventing re-precipitation and re-crystallization of incorporated nilotinib. 26276256 5 22 theme effect 1189:1194 arg1 studies 1174:1180 Simultaneous Raman and UV-imaging studies 1140:1180 studies 1174:1180 Simultaneous Raman and UV-imaging studies of the effect of drug load on the swelling and dissolution of the polymer matrix revealed that high nilotinib load prevented matrix swelling on passage from acid to neutral pH, thereby preventing re-precipitation and re-crystallization of incorporated nilotinib. 26276256 4 23 theme phthalate 1107:1115 arg1 groups 1117:1122 the phthalate groups 1103:1122 the phthalate groups on the polymer 1103:1137 It was demonstrated by Raman and FTIR spectroscopy that the efficient drug dispersion and amorphization in the polymer matrix were mediated by hydrogen bonding between the drug and the phthalate groups on the polymer. 26276256 6 24 theme kinase 1551:1556 arg1 inhibitors 1558:1567 other protein kinase inhibitors 1537:1567 other protein kinase inhibitors 1537:1567 These findings provide a mechanistic foundation of formulation development of nilotinib and other protein kinase inhibitors, which are now witnessing an intense therapeutic and industrial attention due to the difficulty in formulating these compounds so that efficient oral bioavailability is reached. 26276256 3 25 theme hybrid 722:727 arg1 formulations 738:749 The hybrid particle formulations 718:749 The hybrid particle formulations investigated 718:762 The hybrid particle formulations investigated consisted of amorphous nilotinib embedded in a polymer matrix in single continuous phase, displaying extended retained amorphicity also under wet conditions. 26276256 1 26 theme nilotinib 181:189 arg1 formulations 191:202 nilotinib formulations 181:202 nilotinib formulations with the pH-titrable polymer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate, obtained by carbon dioxide-mediated precipitation, 181:323 Factors determining the pH-controlled dissolution kinetics of nilotinib formulations with the pH-titrable polymer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate, obtained by carbon dioxide-mediated precipitation, were mechanistically examined in acid and neutral environment. 26276256 0 27 theme carbon 80:85 arg1 precipitation 104:116 carbon dioxide-mediated precipitation 80:116 carbon dioxide-mediated precipitation 80:116 Matrix effects in nilotinib formulations with pH-responsive polymer produced by carbon dioxide-mediated precipitation. 26276256 5 28 theme matrix 1256:1261 arg1 dissolution 1229:1239 dissolution 1229:1239 dissolution 1229:1239 Simultaneous Raman and UV-imaging studies of the effect of drug load on the swelling and dissolution of the polymer matrix revealed that high nilotinib load prevented matrix swelling on passage from acid to neutral pH, thereby preventing re-precipitation and re-crystallization of incorporated nilotinib. 26276256 5 28 theme matrix 1256:1261 arg1 swelling 1216:1223 swelling 1216:1223 swelling 1216:1223 Simultaneous Raman and UV-imaging studies of the effect of drug load on the swelling and dissolution of the polymer matrix revealed that high nilotinib load prevented matrix swelling on passage from acid to neutral pH, thereby preventing re-precipitation and re-crystallization of incorporated nilotinib. 26276256 2 29 theme simultaneous 621:632 arg1 UV-imaging 634:643 simultaneous UV-imaging 621:643 simultaneous UV-imaging 621:643 The matrix effect, modulating the drug dissolution, was characterized with a battery of physicochemical methodologies, including ToF-SIMS for surface composition, SAXS/WAXS and modulated DSC for crystallization characterization, and simultaneous UV-imaging and Raman spectroscopy for monitoring the dissolution process in detail. 26276256 6 30 theme nilotinib 1523:1531 arg1 development 1508:1518 formulation development 1496:1518 formulation development of nilotinib and other protein kinase inhibitors, which are now witnessing an intense therapeutic and industrial attention due to the difficulty in formulating these compounds so that efficient oral bioavailability is reached 1496:1744 These findings provide a mechanistic foundation of formulation development of nilotinib and other protein kinase inhibitors, which are now witnessing an intense therapeutic and industrial attention due to the difficulty in formulating these compounds so that efficient oral bioavailability is reached. 26276256 6 31 theme development 1508:1518 arg1 foundation 1482:1491 a mechanistic foundation 1468:1491 a mechanistic foundation of formulation development of nilotinib and other protein kinase inhibitors, which are now witnessing an intense therapeutic and industrial attention due to the difficulty in formulating these compounds so that efficient oral bioavailability is reached 1468:1744 These findings provide a mechanistic foundation of formulation development of nilotinib and other protein kinase inhibitors, which are now witnessing an intense therapeutic and industrial attention due to the difficulty in formulating these compounds so that efficient oral bioavailability is reached. 26276256 2 32 theme surface 530:536 arg1 composition 538:548 surface composition 530:548 surface composition 530:548 The matrix effect, modulating the drug dissolution, was characterized with a battery of physicochemical methodologies, including ToF-SIMS for surface composition, SAXS/WAXS and modulated DSC for crystallization characterization, and simultaneous UV-imaging and Raman spectroscopy for monitoring the dissolution process in detail. 26276256 5 33 from effect 1189:1194 arg1 dissolution 1229:1239 dissolution 1229:1239 dissolution 1229:1239 Simultaneous Raman and UV-imaging studies of the effect of drug load on the swelling and dissolution of the polymer matrix revealed that high nilotinib load prevented matrix swelling on passage from acid to neutral pH, thereby preventing re-precipitation and re-crystallization of incorporated nilotinib. 26276256 5 33 from effect 1189:1194 arg1 swelling 1216:1223 swelling 1216:1223 swelling 1216:1223 Simultaneous Raman and UV-imaging studies of the effect of drug load on the swelling and dissolution of the polymer matrix revealed that high nilotinib load prevented matrix swelling on passage from acid to neutral pH, thereby preventing re-precipitation and re-crystallization of incorporated nilotinib. 26276256 0 34 theme Matrix 0:5 arg1 effects 7:13 Matrix effects 0:13 Matrix effects in nilotinib formulations with pH-responsive polymer 0:66 Matrix effects in nilotinib formulations with pH-responsive polymer produced by carbon dioxide-mediated precipitation. 26276256 2 35 from process 699:705 arg1 detail 710:715 detail 710:715 detail 710:715 The matrix effect, modulating the drug dissolution, was characterized with a battery of physicochemical methodologies, including ToF-SIMS for surface composition, SAXS/WAXS and modulated DSC for crystallization characterization, and simultaneous UV-imaging and Raman spectroscopy for monitoring the dissolution process in detail. 26276256 3 36 theme amorphous 777:785 arg1 nilotinib 787:795 amorphous nilotinib 777:795 amorphous nilotinib embedded in a polymer matrix in single continuous phase 777:851 The hybrid particle formulations investigated consisted of amorphous nilotinib embedded in a polymer matrix in single continuous phase, displaying extended retained amorphicity also under wet conditions. 26276256 2 37 theme physicochemical 476:490 arg1 methodologies 492:504 physicochemical methodologies 476:504 physicochemical methodologies 476:504 The matrix effect, modulating the drug dissolution, was characterized with a battery of physicochemical methodologies, including ToF-SIMS for surface composition, SAXS/WAXS and modulated DSC for crystallization characterization, and simultaneous UV-imaging and Raman spectroscopy for monitoring the dissolution process in detail. 26276256 2 37 theme physicochemical 476:490 arg1 ToF-SIMS 517:524 ToF-SIMS 517:524 ToF-SIMS for surface composition, SAXS/WAXS and modulated DSC for crystallization characterization, and simultaneous UV-imaging and Raman spectroscopy for monitoring the dissolution process in detail 517:715 The matrix effect, modulating the drug dissolution, was characterized with a battery of physicochemical methodologies, including ToF-SIMS for surface composition, SAXS/WAXS and modulated DSC for crystallization characterization, and simultaneous UV-imaging and Raman spectroscopy for monitoring the dissolution process in detail. 26276256 0 38 theme pH-responsive 46:58 arg1 polymer 60:66 pH-responsive polymer 46:66 pH-responsive polymer 46:66 Matrix effects in nilotinib formulations with pH-responsive polymer produced by carbon dioxide-mediated precipitation. 26276256 5 39 theme nilotinib 1282:1290 arg1 load 1292:1295 high nilotinib load 1277:1295 high nilotinib load 1277:1295 Simultaneous Raman and UV-imaging studies of the effect of drug load on the swelling and dissolution of the polymer matrix revealed that high nilotinib load prevented matrix swelling on passage from acid to neutral pH, thereby preventing re-precipitation and re-crystallization of incorporated nilotinib. 26276256 5 40 theme neutral 1347:1353 arg1 pH 1355:1356 neutral pH 1347:1356 neutral pH 1347:1356 Simultaneous Raman and UV-imaging studies of the effect of drug load on the swelling and dissolution of the polymer matrix revealed that high nilotinib load prevented matrix swelling on passage from acid to neutral pH, thereby preventing re-precipitation and re-crystallization of incorporated nilotinib. 26276256 3 41 theme embedded 797:804 arg1 nilotinib 787:795 amorphous nilotinib 777:795 amorphous nilotinib embedded in a polymer matrix in single continuous phase 777:851 The hybrid particle formulations investigated consisted of amorphous nilotinib embedded in a polymer matrix in single continuous phase, displaying extended retained amorphicity also under wet conditions. 26276256 1 42 theme dioxide-mediated 293:308 arg1 precipitation 310:322 carbon dioxide-mediated precipitation 286:322 carbon dioxide-mediated precipitation 286:322 Factors determining the pH-controlled dissolution kinetics of nilotinib formulations with the pH-titrable polymer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate, obtained by carbon dioxide-mediated precipitation, were mechanistically examined in acid and neutral environment. 26276256 5 43 theme Simultaneous 1140:1151 arg1 Raman 1153:1157 Simultaneous Raman and UV-imaging studies 1140:1180 Raman 1153:1157 Simultaneous Raman and UV-imaging studies of the effect of drug load on the swelling and dissolution of the polymer matrix revealed that high nilotinib load prevented matrix swelling on passage from acid to neutral pH, thereby preventing re-precipitation and re-crystallization of incorporated nilotinib. 26276256 3 44 theme single 829:834 arg1 phase 847:851 single continuous phase 829:851 single continuous phase 829:851 The hybrid particle formulations investigated consisted of amorphous nilotinib embedded in a polymer matrix in single continuous phase, displaying extended retained amorphicity also under wet conditions. 26276256 0 45 with formulations 28:39 arg1 polymer 60:66 pH-responsive polymer 46:66 pH-responsive polymer 46:66 Matrix effects in nilotinib formulations with pH-responsive polymer produced by carbon dioxide-mediated precipitation. 26276256 4 46 from amorphization 1012:1024 arg1 matrix 1041:1046 the polymer matrix 1029:1046 the polymer matrix 1029:1046 It was demonstrated by Raman and FTIR spectroscopy that the efficient drug dispersion and amorphization in the polymer matrix were mediated by hydrogen bonding between the drug and the phthalate groups on the polymer. 26276256 6 47 theme oral 1714:1717 arg1 bioavailability 1719:1733 efficient oral bioavailability 1704:1733 efficient oral bioavailability 1704:1733 These findings provide a mechanistic foundation of formulation development of nilotinib and other protein kinase inhibitors, which are now witnessing an intense therapeutic and industrial attention due to the difficulty in formulating these compounds so that efficient oral bioavailability is reached. 26276256 6 48 theme other 1537:1541 arg1 inhibitors 1558:1567 other protein kinase inhibitors 1537:1567 other protein kinase inhibitors 1537:1567 These findings provide a mechanistic foundation of formulation development of nilotinib and other protein kinase inhibitors, which are now witnessing an intense therapeutic and industrial attention due to the difficulty in formulating these compounds so that efficient oral bioavailability is reached. 26276256 2 49 theme matrix 392:397 arg1 effect 399:404 The matrix effect 388:404 The matrix effect 388:404 The matrix effect, modulating the drug dissolution, was characterized with a battery of physicochemical methodologies, including ToF-SIMS for surface composition, SAXS/WAXS and modulated DSC for crystallization characterization, and simultaneous UV-imaging and Raman spectroscopy for monitoring the dissolution process in detail. 26276256 1 50 theme polymer 225:231 arg1 phthalate 263:271 the pH-titrable polymer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate 209:271 the pH-titrable polymer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate 209:271 Factors determining the pH-controlled dissolution kinetics of nilotinib formulations with the pH-titrable polymer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate, obtained by carbon dioxide-mediated precipitation, were mechanistically examined in acid and neutral environment. 26276256 4 51 theme efficient 982:990 arg1 dispersion 997:1006 the efficient drug dispersion 978:1006 the efficient drug dispersion 978:1006 It was demonstrated by Raman and FTIR spectroscopy that the efficient drug dispersion and amorphization in the polymer matrix were mediated by hydrogen bonding between the drug and the phthalate groups on the polymer. 26276256 6 52 theme formulation 1496:1506 arg1 development 1508:1518 formulation development 1496:1518 formulation development of nilotinib and other protein kinase inhibitors, which are now witnessing an intense therapeutic and industrial attention due to the difficulty in formulating these compounds so that efficient oral bioavailability is reached 1496:1744 These findings provide a mechanistic foundation of formulation development of nilotinib and other protein kinase inhibitors, which are now witnessing an intense therapeutic and industrial attention due to the difficulty in formulating these compounds so that efficient oral bioavailability is reached. 26276256 5 53 from studies 1174:1180 arg1 dissolution 1229:1239 dissolution 1229:1239 dissolution 1229:1239 Simultaneous Raman and UV-imaging studies of the effect of drug load on the swelling and dissolution of the polymer matrix revealed that high nilotinib load prevented matrix swelling on passage from acid to neutral pH, thereby preventing re-precipitation and re-crystallization of incorporated nilotinib. 26276256 5 53 from studies 1174:1180 arg1 swelling 1216:1223 swelling 1216:1223 swelling 1216:1223 Simultaneous Raman and UV-imaging studies of the effect of drug load on the swelling and dissolution of the polymer matrix revealed that high nilotinib load prevented matrix swelling on passage from acid to neutral pH, thereby preventing re-precipitation and re-crystallization of incorporated nilotinib. 26276256 1 54 theme methylcellulose 247:261 arg1 phthalate 263:271 the pH-titrable polymer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate 209:271 the pH-titrable polymer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate 209:271 Factors determining the pH-controlled dissolution kinetics of nilotinib formulations with the pH-titrable polymer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate, obtained by carbon dioxide-mediated precipitation, were mechanistically examined in acid and neutral environment. 26276256 2 55 theme Raman 649:653 arg1 spectroscopy 655:666 Raman spectroscopy 649:666 Raman spectroscopy 649:666 The matrix effect, modulating the drug dissolution, was characterized with a battery of physicochemical methodologies, including ToF-SIMS for surface composition, SAXS/WAXS and modulated DSC for crystallization characterization, and simultaneous UV-imaging and Raman spectroscopy for monitoring the dissolution process in detail. 26276256 3 56 theme retained 874:881 arg1 amorphicity 883:893 extended retained amorphicity 865:893 extended retained amorphicity also 865:898 The hybrid particle formulations investigated consisted of amorphous nilotinib embedded in a polymer matrix in single continuous phase, displaying extended retained amorphicity also under wet conditions. 26276256 5 57 theme load 1204:1207 arg1 effect 1189:1194 the effect 1185:1194 the effect of drug load on the swelling and dissolution of the polymer matrix 1185:1261 Simultaneous Raman and UV-imaging studies of the effect of drug load on the swelling and dissolution of the polymer matrix revealed that high nilotinib load prevented matrix swelling on passage from acid to neutral pH, thereby preventing re-precipitation and re-crystallization of incorporated nilotinib. 26276256 4 58 theme hydrogen 1065:1072 arg1 bonding 1074:1080 hydrogen bonding 1065:1080 hydrogen bonding between the drug and the phthalate groups on the polymer 1065:1137 It was demonstrated by Raman and FTIR spectroscopy that the efficient drug dispersion and amorphization in the polymer matrix were mediated by hydrogen bonding between the drug and the phthalate groups on the polymer. 26276256 5 59 from acid 1339:1342 arg1 passage 1326:1332 passage 1326:1332 passage from acid to neutral pH 1326:1356 Simultaneous Raman and UV-imaging studies of the effect of drug load on the swelling and dissolution of the polymer matrix revealed that high nilotinib load prevented matrix swelling on passage from acid to neutral pH, thereby preventing re-precipitation and re-crystallization of incorporated nilotinib. 26276256 3 60 theme wet 906:908 arg1 conditions 910:919 wet conditions 906:919 wet conditions 906:919 The hybrid particle formulations investigated consisted of amorphous nilotinib embedded in a polymer matrix in single continuous phase, displaying extended retained amorphicity also under wet conditions. 26276256 3 61 theme particle 729:736 arg1 formulations 738:749 The hybrid particle formulations 718:749 The hybrid particle formulations investigated 718:762 The hybrid particle formulations investigated consisted of amorphous nilotinib embedded in a polymer matrix in single continuous phase, displaying extended retained amorphicity also under wet conditions. 26276256 1 62 theme dissolution 157:167 arg1 kinetics 169:176 the pH-controlled dissolution kinetics 139:176 the pH-controlled dissolution kinetics of nilotinib formulations with the pH-titrable polymer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate, obtained by carbon dioxide-mediated precipitation, 139:323 Factors determining the pH-controlled dissolution kinetics of nilotinib formulations with the pH-titrable polymer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate, obtained by carbon dioxide-mediated precipitation, were mechanistically examined in acid and neutral environment. 26276256 5 63 theme nilotinib 1434:1442 arg1 re-crystallization 1399:1416 re-crystallization 1399:1416 re-crystallization 1399:1416 Simultaneous Raman and UV-imaging studies of the effect of drug load on the swelling and dissolution of the polymer matrix revealed that high nilotinib load prevented matrix swelling on passage from acid to neutral pH, thereby preventing re-precipitation and re-crystallization of incorporated nilotinib. 26276256 5 63 theme nilotinib 1434:1442 arg1 re-precipitation 1378:1393 re-precipitation 1378:1393 re-precipitation 1378:1393 Simultaneous Raman and UV-imaging studies of the effect of drug load on the swelling and dissolution of the polymer matrix revealed that high nilotinib load prevented matrix swelling on passage from acid to neutral pH, thereby preventing re-precipitation and re-crystallization of incorporated nilotinib. 26276256 6 64 theme inhibitors 1558:1567 arg1 development 1508:1518 formulation development 1496:1518 formulation development of nilotinib and other protein kinase inhibitors, which are now witnessing an intense therapeutic and industrial attention due to the difficulty in formulating these compounds so that efficient oral bioavailability is reached 1496:1744 These findings provide a mechanistic foundation of formulation development of nilotinib and other protein kinase inhibitors, which are now witnessing an intense therapeutic and industrial attention due to the difficulty in formulating these compounds so that efficient oral bioavailability is reached. 26276256 0 65 theme dioxide-mediated 87:102 arg1 precipitation 104:116 carbon dioxide-mediated precipitation 80:116 carbon dioxide-mediated precipitation 80:116 Matrix effects in nilotinib formulations with pH-responsive polymer produced by carbon dioxide-mediated precipitation. 26276256 5 66 theme polymer 1248:1254 arg1 matrix 1256:1261 the polymer matrix 1244:1261 the polymer matrix 1244:1261 Simultaneous Raman and UV-imaging studies of the effect of drug load on the swelling and dissolution of the polymer matrix revealed that high nilotinib load prevented matrix swelling on passage from acid to neutral pH, thereby preventing re-precipitation and re-crystallization of incorporated nilotinib. 26276256 1 67 with formulations 191:202 arg1 phthalate 263:271 the pH-titrable polymer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate 209:271 the pH-titrable polymer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate 209:271 Factors determining the pH-controlled dissolution kinetics of nilotinib formulations with the pH-titrable polymer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate, obtained by carbon dioxide-mediated precipitation, were mechanistically examined in acid and neutral environment. 26276256 1 68 theme formulations 191:202 arg1 kinetics 169:176 the pH-controlled dissolution kinetics 139:176 the pH-controlled dissolution kinetics of nilotinib formulations with the pH-titrable polymer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate, obtained by carbon dioxide-mediated precipitation, 139:323 Factors determining the pH-controlled dissolution kinetics of nilotinib formulations with the pH-titrable polymer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate, obtained by carbon dioxide-mediated precipitation, were mechanistically examined in acid and neutral environment. 26276256 2 69 theme modulated 565:573 arg1 DSC 575:577 modulated DSC 565:577 modulated DSC 565:577 The matrix effect, modulating the drug dissolution, was characterized with a battery of physicochemical methodologies, including ToF-SIMS for surface composition, SAXS/WAXS and modulated DSC for crystallization characterization, and simultaneous UV-imaging and Raman spectroscopy for monitoring the dissolution process in detail. 26276256 0 70 from effects 7:13 arg1 formulations 28:39 nilotinib formulations 18:39 nilotinib formulations with pH-responsive polymer 18:66 Matrix effects in nilotinib formulations with pH-responsive polymer produced by carbon dioxide-mediated precipitation. 26276256 4 71 from dispersion 997:1006 arg1 matrix 1041:1046 the polymer matrix 1029:1046 the polymer matrix 1029:1046 It was demonstrated by Raman and FTIR spectroscopy that the efficient drug dispersion and amorphization in the polymer matrix were mediated by hydrogen bonding between the drug and the phthalate groups on the polymer. 26276256 1 72 theme carbon 286:291 arg1 precipitation 310:322 carbon dioxide-mediated precipitation 286:322 carbon dioxide-mediated precipitation 286:322 Factors determining the pH-controlled dissolution kinetics of nilotinib formulations with the pH-titrable polymer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate, obtained by carbon dioxide-mediated precipitation, were mechanistically examined in acid and neutral environment. 26276256 5 73 from dissolution 1229:1239 arg1 Raman 1153:1157 Simultaneous Raman and UV-imaging studies 1140:1180 Raman 1153:1157 Simultaneous Raman and UV-imaging studies of the effect of drug load on the swelling and dissolution of the polymer matrix revealed that high nilotinib load prevented matrix swelling on passage from acid to neutral pH, thereby preventing re-precipitation and re-crystallization of incorporated nilotinib. 26276256 5 73 from dissolution 1229:1239 arg1 studies 1174:1180 Simultaneous Raman and UV-imaging studies 1140:1180 studies 1174:1180 Simultaneous Raman and UV-imaging studies of the effect of drug load on the swelling and dissolution of the polymer matrix revealed that high nilotinib load prevented matrix swelling on passage from acid to neutral pH, thereby preventing re-precipitation and re-crystallization of incorporated nilotinib. 26276256 5 74 from swelling 1216:1223 arg1 Raman 1153:1157 Simultaneous Raman and UV-imaging studies 1140:1180 Raman 1153:1157 Simultaneous Raman and UV-imaging studies of the effect of drug load on the swelling and dissolution of the polymer matrix revealed that high nilotinib load prevented matrix swelling on passage from acid to neutral pH, thereby preventing re-precipitation and re-crystallization of incorporated nilotinib. 26276256 5 74 from swelling 1216:1223 arg1 studies 1174:1180 Simultaneous Raman and UV-imaging studies 1140:1180 studies 1174:1180 Simultaneous Raman and UV-imaging studies of the effect of drug load on the swelling and dissolution of the polymer matrix revealed that high nilotinib load prevented matrix swelling on passage from acid to neutral pH, thereby preventing re-precipitation and re-crystallization of incorporated nilotinib. 26276256 5 75 theme matrix 1307:1312 arg1 swelling 1314:1321 matrix swelling 1307:1321 matrix swelling 1307:1321 Simultaneous Raman and UV-imaging studies of the effect of drug load on the swelling and dissolution of the polymer matrix revealed that high nilotinib load prevented matrix swelling on passage from acid to neutral pH, thereby preventing re-precipitation and re-crystallization of incorporated nilotinib. 26276256 2 76 theme methodologies 492:504 arg1 battery 465:471 a battery 463:471 a battery of physicochemical methodologies, including ToF-SIMS for surface composition, SAXS/WAXS and modulated DSC for crystallization characterization, and simultaneous UV-imaging and Raman spectroscopy for monitoring the dissolution process in detail 463:715 The matrix effect, modulating the drug dissolution, was characterized with a battery of physicochemical methodologies, including ToF-SIMS for surface composition, SAXS/WAXS and modulated DSC for crystallization characterization, and simultaneous UV-imaging and Raman spectroscopy for monitoring the dissolution process in detail. 26276256 1 77 theme neutral 367:373 arg1 environment 375:385 acid and neutral environment 358:385 environment 375:385 Factors determining the pH-controlled dissolution kinetics of nilotinib formulations with the pH-titrable polymer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate, obtained by carbon dioxide-mediated precipitation, were mechanistically examined in acid and neutral environment. 26276256 4 78 theme Raman 945:949 arg1 spectroscopy 960:971 Raman and FTIR spectroscopy 945:971 spectroscopy 960:971 It was demonstrated by Raman and FTIR spectroscopy that the efficient drug dispersion and amorphization in the polymer matrix were mediated by hydrogen bonding between the drug and the phthalate groups on the polymer. 26276256 5 79 theme high 1277:1280 arg1 load 1292:1295 high nilotinib load 1277:1295 high nilotinib load 1277:1295 Simultaneous Raman and UV-imaging studies of the effect of drug load on the swelling and dissolution of the polymer matrix revealed that high nilotinib load prevented matrix swelling on passage from acid to neutral pH, thereby preventing re-precipitation and re-crystallization of incorporated nilotinib. 26276256 5 80 theme UV-imaging 1163:1172 arg1 studies 1174:1180 Simultaneous Raman and UV-imaging studies 1140:1180 studies 1174:1180 Simultaneous Raman and UV-imaging studies of the effect of drug load on the swelling and dissolution of the polymer matrix revealed that high nilotinib load prevented matrix swelling on passage from acid to neutral pH, thereby preventing re-precipitation and re-crystallization of incorporated nilotinib. 26276256 5 81 dep swelling 1216:1223 arg1 the 1212:1214 the 1212:1214 the 1212:1214 Simultaneous Raman and UV-imaging studies of the effect of drug load on the swelling and dissolution of the polymer matrix revealed that high nilotinib load prevented matrix swelling on passage from acid to neutral pH, thereby preventing re-precipitation and re-crystallization of incorporated nilotinib. 26276256 4 82 theme FTIR 955:958 arg1 spectroscopy 960:971 Raman and FTIR spectroscopy 945:971 spectroscopy 960:971 It was demonstrated by Raman and FTIR spectroscopy that the efficient drug dispersion and amorphization in the polymer matrix were mediated by hydrogen bonding between the drug and the phthalate groups on the polymer. 26276256 2 83 theme crystallization 583:597 arg1 characterization 599:614 crystallization characterization 583:614 crystallization characterization 583:614 The matrix effect, modulating the drug dissolution, was characterized with a battery of physicochemical methodologies, including ToF-SIMS for surface composition, SAXS/WAXS and modulated DSC for crystallization characterization, and simultaneous UV-imaging and Raman spectroscopy for monitoring the dissolution process in detail. 26276256 4 84 from groups 1117:1122 arg1 polymer 1131:1137 the polymer 1127:1137 the polymer 1127:1137 It was demonstrated by Raman and FTIR spectroscopy that the efficient drug dispersion and amorphization in the polymer matrix were mediated by hydrogen bonding between the drug and the phthalate groups on the polymer. 26276256 3 85 from embedded 797:804 arg1 matrix 819:824 a polymer matrix 809:824 a polymer matrix in single continuous phase 809:851 The hybrid particle formulations investigated consisted of amorphous nilotinib embedded in a polymer matrix in single continuous phase, displaying extended retained amorphicity also under wet conditions. 26276256 6 86 theme therapeutic 1606:1616 arg1 attention 1633:1641 an intense therapeutic and industrial attention 1595:1641 an intense therapeutic and industrial attention due to the difficulty in formulating these compounds so that efficient oral bioavailability is reached 1595:1744 These findings provide a mechanistic foundation of formulation development of nilotinib and other protein kinase inhibitors, which are now witnessing an intense therapeutic and industrial attention due to the difficulty in formulating these compounds so that efficient oral bioavailability is reached. 28985598 7 0 theme pure 1105:1108 arg1 foam 1119:1122 the pure alginate foam 1101:1122 the pure alginate foam 1101:1122 The 10% zeolite-alginate foam exhibited a higher log Kd of 3.3, while the pure alginate foam exhibited 2.7 in the presence of 0.1 M Na. 28985598 1 1 theme concentrated 226:237 arg1 ions 242:245 highly concentrated Na ions 219:245 highly concentrated Na ions 219:245 Alginate bead is a promising strontium (Sr) adsorbent in seawater, but highly concentrated Na ions caused over-swelling and damaged the hydrogel bead. 28985598 1 2 from adsorbent 192:200 arg1 seawater 205:212 seawater 205:212 seawater 205:212 Alginate bead is a promising strontium (Sr) adsorbent in seawater, but highly concentrated Na ions caused over-swelling and damaged the hydrogel bead. 28985598 9 3 theme Sr 1394:1395 arg1 removal 1397:1403 Sr removal 1394:1403 Sr removal 1394:1403 This result reveals that zeolite-alginate foam composite is appropriate material for Sr removal in seawater due to its swelling resistance as well as improved Sr adsorption performance in complex media. 28985598 7 4 theme 3.3 1090:1092 arg1 Kd 1084:1085 a higher log Kd 1071:1085 a higher log Kd of 3.3 1071:1092 The 10% zeolite-alginate foam exhibited a higher log Kd of 3.3, while the pure alginate foam exhibited 2.7 in the presence of 0.1 M Na. 28985598 5 5 theme zeolite 893:899 arg1 immobilization 875:888 immobilization 875:888 immobilization of zeolite in alginate foam due to the increase of Sr binding sites (zeolite) 875:966 Besides, Sr adsorption efficiency and selectivity were enhanced by immobilization of zeolite in alginate foam due to the increase of Sr binding sites (zeolite). 28985598 0 6 theme performance 135:145 arg1 evaluation 107:116 evaluation 107:116 evaluation 107:116 Preparation of highly stable zeolite-alginate foam composite for strontium(90Sr) removal from seawater and evaluation of Sr adsorption performance. 28985598 0 6 theme performance 135:145 arg1 seawater 94:101 seawater 94:101 seawater 94:101 Preparation of highly stable zeolite-alginate foam composite for strontium(90Sr) removal from seawater and evaluation of Sr adsorption performance. 28985598 8 7 theme 10 1202:1203 arg1 % 1204:1204 % 1204:1204 % 1204:1204 Finally, in the real seawater, the 10% zeolite-alginate foam exhibited 1.5 times higher Sr adsorption efficiency than the pure alginate foam. 28985598 5 8 theme alginate 904:911 arg1 foam 913:916 alginate foam 904:916 alginate foam due to the increase of Sr binding sites (zeolite) 904:966 Besides, Sr adsorption efficiency and selectivity were enhanced by immobilization of zeolite in alginate foam due to the increase of Sr binding sites (zeolite). 28985598 5 9 theme binding 944:950 arg1 sites 952:956 Sr binding sites 941:956 Sr binding sites (zeolite) 941:966 Besides, Sr adsorption efficiency and selectivity were enhanced by immobilization of zeolite in alginate foam due to the increase of Sr binding sites (zeolite). 28985598 8 10 theme zeolite-alginate 1206:1221 arg1 foam 1223:1226 the 10% zeolite-alginate foam 1198:1226 the 10% zeolite-alginate foam 1198:1226 Finally, in the real seawater, the 10% zeolite-alginate foam exhibited 1.5 times higher Sr adsorption efficiency than the pure alginate foam. 28985598 7 11 theme higher 1073:1078 arg1 Kd 1084:1085 a higher log Kd 1071:1085 a higher log Kd of 3.3 1071:1092 The 10% zeolite-alginate foam exhibited a higher log Kd of 3.3, while the pure alginate foam exhibited 2.7 in the presence of 0.1 M Na. 28985598 2 12 theme freeze-dry 530:539 arg1 technique 541:549 freeze-dry technique 530:549 freeze-dry technique 530:549 To improve the mechanical stability of alginate bead, flexible foam-type zeolite-alginate composite was synthesized and Sr adsorption performance was evaluated in seawater; 1-10% zeolite immobilized alginate foams were prepared by freeze-dry technique. 28985598 0 13 theme Sr 121:122 arg1 performance 135:145 Sr adsorption performance 121:145 Sr adsorption performance 121:145 Preparation of highly stable zeolite-alginate foam composite for strontium(90Sr) removal from seawater and evaluation of Sr adsorption performance. 28985598 8 14 theme real 1183:1186 arg1 seawater 1188:1195 the real seawater 1179:1195 the real seawater 1179:1195 Finally, in the real seawater, the 10% zeolite-alginate foam exhibited 1.5 times higher Sr adsorption efficiency than the pure alginate foam. 28985598 7 15 theme zeolite-alginate 1039:1054 arg1 foam 1056:1059 The 10% zeolite-alginate foam 1031:1059 The 10% zeolite-alginate foam 1031:1059 The 10% zeolite-alginate foam exhibited a higher log Kd of 3.3, while the pure alginate foam exhibited 2.7 in the presence of 0.1 M Na. 28985598 0 16 from seawater 94:101 arg1 removal 81:87 strontium(90Sr) removal 65:87 strontium(90Sr) removal from seawater and evaluation of Sr adsorption performance 65:145 Preparation of highly stable zeolite-alginate foam composite for strontium(90Sr) removal from seawater and evaluation of Sr adsorption performance. 28985598 8 17 theme Sr 1255:1256 arg1 efficiency 1269:1278 1.5 times higher Sr adsorption efficiency 1238:1278 1.5 times higher Sr adsorption efficiency than the pure alginate foam 1238:1306 Finally, in the real seawater, the 10% zeolite-alginate foam exhibited 1.5 times higher Sr adsorption efficiency than the pure alginate foam. 28985598 7 18 theme 10 1035:1036 arg1 % 1037:1037 % 1037:1037 % 1037:1037 The 10% zeolite-alginate foam exhibited a higher log Kd of 3.3, while the pure alginate foam exhibited 2.7 in the presence of 0.1 M Na. 28985598 9 19 theme improved 1459:1466 arg1 performance 1482:1492 improved Sr adsorption performance 1459:1492 its swelling resistance as well as improved Sr adsorption performance in complex media 1424:1509 This result reveals that zeolite-alginate foam composite is appropriate material for Sr removal in seawater due to its swelling resistance as well as improved Sr adsorption performance in complex media. 28985598 2 20 theme immobilized 486:496 arg1 foams 507:511 1-10% zeolite immobilized alginate foams 472:511 1-10% zeolite immobilized alginate foams 472:511 To improve the mechanical stability of alginate bead, flexible foam-type zeolite-alginate composite was synthesized and Sr adsorption performance was evaluated in seawater; 1-10% zeolite immobilized alginate foams were prepared by freeze-dry technique. 28985598 4 21 theme swollen 691:697 arg1 medium 721:726 less swollen composite in seawater medium 686:726 less swollen composite in seawater medium 686:726 It resulted in less swollen composite in seawater medium and exhibited highly improved mechanical stability compared with alginate bead. 28985598 0 22 theme strontium 65:73 arg1 removal 81:87 strontium(90Sr) removal 65:87 strontium(90Sr) removal from seawater and evaluation of Sr adsorption performance 65:145 Preparation of highly stable zeolite-alginate foam composite for strontium(90Sr) removal from seawater and evaluation of Sr adsorption performance. 28985598 9 23 theme adsorption 1471:1480 arg1 performance 1482:1492 improved Sr adsorption performance 1459:1492 its swelling resistance as well as improved Sr adsorption performance in complex media 1424:1509 This result reveals that zeolite-alginate foam composite is appropriate material for Sr removal in seawater due to its swelling resistance as well as improved Sr adsorption performance in complex media. 28985598 2 24 theme % 476:476 arg1 foams 507:511 1-10% zeolite immobilized alginate foams 472:511 1-10% zeolite immobilized alginate foams 472:511 To improve the mechanical stability of alginate bead, flexible foam-type zeolite-alginate composite was synthesized and Sr adsorption performance was evaluated in seawater; 1-10% zeolite immobilized alginate foams were prepared by freeze-dry technique. 28985598 1 25 from seawater 205:212 arg1 adsorbent 192:200 adsorbent 192:200 adsorbent 192:200 Alginate bead is a promising strontium (Sr) adsorbent in seawater, but highly concentrated Na ions caused over-swelling and damaged the hydrogel bead. 28985598 5 26 dep sites 952:956 arg1 zeolite 959:965 zeolite 959:965 zeolite 959:965 Besides, Sr adsorption efficiency and selectivity were enhanced by immobilization of zeolite in alginate foam due to the increase of Sr binding sites (zeolite). 28985598 0 27 theme 90Sr 75:78 arg1 removal 81:87 strontium(90Sr) removal 65:87 strontium(90Sr) removal from seawater and evaluation of Sr adsorption performance 65:145 Preparation of highly stable zeolite-alginate foam composite for strontium(90Sr) removal from seawater and evaluation of Sr adsorption performance. 28985598 8 28 theme alginate 1294:1301 arg1 foam 1303:1306 the pure alginate foam 1285:1306 the pure alginate foam 1285:1306 Finally, in the real seawater, the 10% zeolite-alginate foam exhibited 1.5 times higher Sr adsorption efficiency than the pure alginate foam. 28985598 6 29 theme Sr 984:985 arg1 selectivity 987:997 Sr selectivity 984:997 Sr selectivity against Na 984:1008 In particular, Sr selectivity against Na was highly improved. 28985598 2 30 theme zeolite-alginate 372:387 arg1 composite 389:397 flexible foam-type zeolite-alginate composite 353:397 flexible foam-type zeolite-alginate composite 353:397 To improve the mechanical stability of alginate bead, flexible foam-type zeolite-alginate composite was synthesized and Sr adsorption performance was evaluated in seawater; 1-10% zeolite immobilized alginate foams were prepared by freeze-dry technique. 28985598 7 31 theme Na 1163:1164 arg1 presence 1145:1152 the presence 1141:1152 the presence of 0.1 M Na 1141:1164 The 10% zeolite-alginate foam exhibited a higher log Kd of 3.3, while the pure alginate foam exhibited 2.7 in the presence of 0.1 M Na. 28985598 4 32 theme improved 749:756 arg1 stability 769:777 highly improved mechanical stability 742:777 highly improved mechanical stability 742:777 It resulted in less swollen composite in seawater medium and exhibited highly improved mechanical stability compared with alginate bead. 28985598 2 33 theme flexible 353:360 arg1 composite 389:397 flexible foam-type zeolite-alginate composite 353:397 flexible foam-type zeolite-alginate composite 353:397 To improve the mechanical stability of alginate bead, flexible foam-type zeolite-alginate composite was synthesized and Sr adsorption performance was evaluated in seawater; 1-10% zeolite immobilized alginate foams were prepared by freeze-dry technique. 28985598 2 34 theme adsorption 422:431 arg1 performance 433:443 Sr adsorption performance 419:443 Sr adsorption performance 419:443 To improve the mechanical stability of alginate bead, flexible foam-type zeolite-alginate composite was synthesized and Sr adsorption performance was evaluated in seawater; 1-10% zeolite immobilized alginate foams were prepared by freeze-dry technique. 28985598 0 35 theme zeolite-alginate 29:44 arg1 composite 51:59 highly stable zeolite-alginate foam composite 15:59 highly stable zeolite-alginate foam composite 15:59 Preparation of highly stable zeolite-alginate foam composite for strontium(90Sr) removal from seawater and evaluation of Sr adsorption performance. 28985598 9 36 from material 1381:1388 arg1 seawater 1408:1415 seawater 1408:1415 seawater 1408:1415 This result reveals that zeolite-alginate foam composite is appropriate material for Sr removal in seawater due to its swelling resistance as well as improved Sr adsorption performance in complex media. 28985598 2 37 theme mechanical 314:323 arg1 stability 325:333 the mechanical stability 310:333 the mechanical stability of alginate bead 310:350 To improve the mechanical stability of alginate bead, flexible foam-type zeolite-alginate composite was synthesized and Sr adsorption performance was evaluated in seawater; 1-10% zeolite immobilized alginate foams were prepared by freeze-dry technique. 28985598 5 38 theme Sr 817:818 arg1 efficiency 831:840 Sr adsorption efficiency 817:840 Sr adsorption efficiency 817:840 Besides, Sr adsorption efficiency and selectivity were enhanced by immobilization of zeolite in alginate foam due to the increase of Sr binding sites (zeolite). 28985598 9 39 theme zeolite-alginate 1334:1349 arg1 composite 1356:1364 zeolite-alginate foam composite 1334:1364 zeolite-alginate foam composite 1334:1364 This result reveals that zeolite-alginate foam composite is appropriate material for Sr removal in seawater due to its swelling resistance as well as improved Sr adsorption performance in complex media. 28985598 5 40 theme due 918:920 arg1 foam 913:916 alginate foam 904:916 alginate foam due to the increase of Sr binding sites (zeolite) 904:966 Besides, Sr adsorption efficiency and selectivity were enhanced by immobilization of zeolite in alginate foam due to the increase of Sr binding sites (zeolite). 28985598 2 41 theme bead 347:350 arg1 stability 325:333 the mechanical stability 310:333 the mechanical stability of alginate bead 310:350 To improve the mechanical stability of alginate bead, flexible foam-type zeolite-alginate composite was synthesized and Sr adsorption performance was evaluated in seawater; 1-10% zeolite immobilized alginate foams were prepared by freeze-dry technique. 28985598 4 42 from seawater 712:719 arg1 composite 699:707 composite 699:707 composite 699:707 It resulted in less swollen composite in seawater medium and exhibited highly improved mechanical stability compared with alginate bead. 28985598 0 43 from evaluation 107:116 arg1 removal 81:87 strontium(90Sr) removal 65:87 strontium(90Sr) removal from seawater and evaluation of Sr adsorption performance 65:145 Preparation of highly stable zeolite-alginate foam composite for strontium(90Sr) removal from seawater and evaluation of Sr adsorption performance. 28985598 4 44 from composite 699:707 arg1 seawater 712:719 seawater 712:719 seawater 712:719 It resulted in less swollen composite in seawater medium and exhibited highly improved mechanical stability compared with alginate bead. 28985598 9 45 theme appropriate 1369:1379 arg1 material 1381:1388 appropriate material 1369:1388 appropriate material for Sr removal in seawater 1369:1415 This result reveals that zeolite-alginate foam composite is appropriate material for Sr removal in seawater due to its swelling resistance as well as improved Sr adsorption performance in complex media. 28985598 9 46 from performance 1482:1492 arg1 media 1505:1509 complex media 1497:1509 complex media 1497:1509 This result reveals that zeolite-alginate foam composite is appropriate material for Sr removal in seawater due to its swelling resistance as well as improved Sr adsorption performance in complex media. 28985598 1 47 theme Na 239:240 arg1 ions 242:245 highly concentrated Na ions 219:245 highly concentrated Na ions 219:245 Alginate bead is a promising strontium (Sr) adsorbent in seawater, but highly concentrated Na ions caused over-swelling and damaged the hydrogel bead. 28985598 0 48 theme composite 51:59 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation of highly stable zeolite-alginate foam composite for strontium(90Sr) removal from seawater and evaluation of Sr adsorption performance. 0:146 Preparation of highly stable zeolite-alginate foam composite for strontium(90Sr) removal from seawater and evaluation of Sr adsorption performance. 28985598 7 49 theme log 1080:1082 arg1 Kd 1084:1085 a higher log Kd 1071:1085 a higher log Kd of 3.3 1071:1092 The 10% zeolite-alginate foam exhibited a higher log Kd of 3.3, while the pure alginate foam exhibited 2.7 in the presence of 0.1 M Na. 28985598 3 50 theme zeolite 570:576 arg1 Immobilization 552:565 Immobilization 552:565 Immobilization of zeolite into alginate foam 552:595 Immobilization of zeolite into alginate foam converted macro-pores to meso-pores which lead to more compact structure. 28985598 1 51 theme promising 167:175 arg1 Sr 188:189 Sr 188:189 Sr 188:189 Alginate bead is a promising strontium (Sr) adsorbent in seawater, but highly concentrated Na ions caused over-swelling and damaged the hydrogel bead. 28985598 1 51 theme promising 167:175 arg1 strontium 177:185 a promising strontium 165:185 a promising strontium (Sr) 165:190 Alginate bead is a promising strontium (Sr) adsorbent in seawater, but highly concentrated Na ions caused over-swelling and damaged the hydrogel bead. 28985598 8 52 theme % 1204:1204 arg1 foam 1223:1226 the 10% zeolite-alginate foam 1198:1226 the 10% zeolite-alginate foam 1198:1226 Finally, in the real seawater, the 10% zeolite-alginate foam exhibited 1.5 times higher Sr adsorption efficiency than the pure alginate foam. 28985598 0 53 theme adsorption 124:133 arg1 performance 135:145 Sr adsorption performance 121:145 Sr adsorption performance 121:145 Preparation of highly stable zeolite-alginate foam composite for strontium(90Sr) removal from seawater and evaluation of Sr adsorption performance. 28985598 9 54 theme swelling 1428:1435 arg1 resistance 1437:1446 its swelling resistance 1424:1446 its swelling resistance as well as improved Sr adsorption performance in complex media 1424:1509 This result reveals that zeolite-alginate foam composite is appropriate material for Sr removal in seawater due to its swelling resistance as well as improved Sr adsorption performance in complex media. 28985598 7 55 theme % 1037:1037 arg1 foam 1056:1059 The 10% zeolite-alginate foam 1031:1059 The 10% zeolite-alginate foam 1031:1059 The 10% zeolite-alginate foam exhibited a higher log Kd of 3.3, while the pure alginate foam exhibited 2.7 in the presence of 0.1 M Na. 28985598 3 56 theme alginate 583:590 arg1 foam 592:595 alginate foam 583:595 alginate foam 583:595 Immobilization of zeolite into alginate foam converted macro-pores to meso-pores which lead to more compact structure. 28985598 5 57 from immobilization 875:888 arg1 foam 913:916 alginate foam 904:916 alginate foam due to the increase of Sr binding sites (zeolite) 904:966 Besides, Sr adsorption efficiency and selectivity were enhanced by immobilization of zeolite in alginate foam due to the increase of Sr binding sites (zeolite). 28985598 5 58 theme Sr 941:942 arg1 sites 952:956 Sr binding sites 941:956 Sr binding sites (zeolite) 941:966 Besides, Sr adsorption efficiency and selectivity were enhanced by immobilization of zeolite in alginate foam due to the increase of Sr binding sites (zeolite). 28985598 8 59 theme higher 1248:1253 arg1 efficiency 1269:1278 1.5 times higher Sr adsorption efficiency 1238:1278 1.5 times higher Sr adsorption efficiency than the pure alginate foam 1238:1306 Finally, in the real seawater, the 10% zeolite-alginate foam exhibited 1.5 times higher Sr adsorption efficiency than the pure alginate foam. 28985598 9 60 theme Sr 1468:1469 arg1 performance 1482:1492 improved Sr adsorption performance 1459:1492 its swelling resistance as well as improved Sr adsorption performance in complex media 1424:1509 This result reveals that zeolite-alginate foam composite is appropriate material for Sr removal in seawater due to its swelling resistance as well as improved Sr adsorption performance in complex media. 28985598 2 61 theme zeolite 478:484 arg1 foams 507:511 1-10% zeolite immobilized alginate foams 472:511 1-10% zeolite immobilized alginate foams 472:511 To improve the mechanical stability of alginate bead, flexible foam-type zeolite-alginate composite was synthesized and Sr adsorption performance was evaluated in seawater; 1-10% zeolite immobilized alginate foams were prepared by freeze-dry technique. 28985598 8 62 theme adsorption 1258:1267 arg1 efficiency 1269:1278 1.5 times higher Sr adsorption efficiency 1238:1278 1.5 times higher Sr adsorption efficiency than the pure alginate foam 1238:1306 Finally, in the real seawater, the 10% zeolite-alginate foam exhibited 1.5 times higher Sr adsorption efficiency than the pure alginate foam. 28985598 1 63 theme Alginate 148:155 arg1 bead 157:160 Alginate bead 148:160 Alginate bead 148:160 Alginate bead is a promising strontium (Sr) adsorbent in seawater, but highly concentrated Na ions caused over-swelling and damaged the hydrogel bead. 28985598 2 64 theme 1-10 472:475 arg1 % 476:476 % 476:476 % 476:476 To improve the mechanical stability of alginate bead, flexible foam-type zeolite-alginate composite was synthesized and Sr adsorption performance was evaluated in seawater; 1-10% zeolite immobilized alginate foams were prepared by freeze-dry technique. 28985598 9 65 theme complex 1497:1503 arg1 media 1505:1509 complex media 1497:1509 complex media 1497:1509 This result reveals that zeolite-alginate foam composite is appropriate material for Sr removal in seawater due to its swelling resistance as well as improved Sr adsorption performance in complex media. 28985598 8 66 theme pure 1289:1292 arg1 foam 1303:1306 the pure alginate foam 1285:1306 the pure alginate foam 1285:1306 Finally, in the real seawater, the 10% zeolite-alginate foam exhibited 1.5 times higher Sr adsorption efficiency than the pure alginate foam. 28985598 7 67 theme 0.1 M 1157:1161 arg1 Na 1163:1164 0.1 M Na 1157:1164 0.1 M Na 1157:1164 The 10% zeolite-alginate foam exhibited a higher log Kd of 3.3, while the pure alginate foam exhibited 2.7 in the presence of 0.1 M Na. 28985598 4 68 dep swollen 691:697 arg1 composite 699:707 composite 699:707 composite 699:707 It resulted in less swollen composite in seawater medium and exhibited highly improved mechanical stability compared with alginate bead. 28985598 2 69 theme alginate 498:505 arg1 foams 507:511 1-10% zeolite immobilized alginate foams 472:511 1-10% zeolite immobilized alginate foams 472:511 To improve the mechanical stability of alginate bead, flexible foam-type zeolite-alginate composite was synthesized and Sr adsorption performance was evaluated in seawater; 1-10% zeolite immobilized alginate foams were prepared by freeze-dry technique. 28985598 4 70 theme alginate 793:800 arg1 bead 802:805 alginate bead 793:805 alginate bead 793:805 It resulted in less swollen composite in seawater medium and exhibited highly improved mechanical stability compared with alginate bead. 28985598 2 71 theme foam-type 362:370 arg1 composite 389:397 flexible foam-type zeolite-alginate composite 353:397 flexible foam-type zeolite-alginate composite 353:397 To improve the mechanical stability of alginate bead, flexible foam-type zeolite-alginate composite was synthesized and Sr adsorption performance was evaluated in seawater; 1-10% zeolite immobilized alginate foams were prepared by freeze-dry technique. 28985598 5 72 theme adsorption 820:829 arg1 efficiency 831:840 Sr adsorption efficiency 817:840 Sr adsorption efficiency 817:840 Besides, Sr adsorption efficiency and selectivity were enhanced by immobilization of zeolite in alginate foam due to the increase of Sr binding sites (zeolite). 28985598 5 73 theme sites 952:956 arg1 increase 929:936 the increase 925:936 the increase of Sr binding sites (zeolite) 925:966 Besides, Sr adsorption efficiency and selectivity were enhanced by immobilization of zeolite in alginate foam due to the increase of Sr binding sites (zeolite). 28985598 0 74 theme stable 22:27 arg1 composite 51:59 highly stable zeolite-alginate foam composite 15:59 highly stable zeolite-alginate foam composite 15:59 Preparation of highly stable zeolite-alginate foam composite for strontium(90Sr) removal from seawater and evaluation of Sr adsorption performance. 28985598 1 75 theme over-swelling 254:266 arg1 bead 293:296 the hydrogel bead 280:296 over-swelling and damaged the hydrogel bead 254:296 Alginate bead is a promising strontium (Sr) adsorbent in seawater, but highly concentrated Na ions caused over-swelling and damaged the hydrogel bead. 28985598 2 76 theme Sr 419:420 arg1 performance 433:443 Sr adsorption performance 419:443 Sr adsorption performance 419:443 To improve the mechanical stability of alginate bead, flexible foam-type zeolite-alginate composite was synthesized and Sr adsorption performance was evaluated in seawater; 1-10% zeolite immobilized alginate foams were prepared by freeze-dry technique. 28985598 3 77 theme compact 652:658 arg1 structure 660:668 more compact structure 647:668 more compact structure 647:668 Immobilization of zeolite into alginate foam converted macro-pores to meso-pores which lead to more compact structure. 28985598 4 78 theme mechanical 758:767 arg1 stability 769:777 highly improved mechanical stability 742:777 highly improved mechanical stability 742:777 It resulted in less swollen composite in seawater medium and exhibited highly improved mechanical stability compared with alginate bead. 28985598 0 79 theme foam 46:49 arg1 composite 51:59 highly stable zeolite-alginate foam composite 15:59 highly stable zeolite-alginate foam composite 15:59 Preparation of highly stable zeolite-alginate foam composite for strontium(90Sr) removal from seawater and evaluation of Sr adsorption performance. 28985598 1 80 theme damaged 272:278 arg1 bead 293:296 the hydrogel bead 280:296 over-swelling and damaged the hydrogel bead 254:296 Alginate bead is a promising strontium (Sr) adsorbent in seawater, but highly concentrated Na ions caused over-swelling and damaged the hydrogel bead. 28985598 7 81 theme alginate 1110:1117 arg1 foam 1119:1122 the pure alginate foam 1101:1122 the pure alginate foam 1101:1122 The 10% zeolite-alginate foam exhibited a higher log Kd of 3.3, while the pure alginate foam exhibited 2.7 in the presence of 0.1 M Na. 28985598 1 82 theme hydrogel 284:291 arg1 bead 293:296 the hydrogel bead 280:296 over-swelling and damaged the hydrogel bead 254:296 Alginate bead is a promising strontium (Sr) adsorbent in seawater, but highly concentrated Na ions caused over-swelling and damaged the hydrogel bead. 28985598 9 83 from resistance 1437:1446 arg1 media 1505:1509 complex media 1497:1509 complex media 1497:1509 This result reveals that zeolite-alginate foam composite is appropriate material for Sr removal in seawater due to its swelling resistance as well as improved Sr adsorption performance in complex media. 28985598 2 84 dep synthesized 403:413 arg1 prepared 518:525 prepared 518:525 were prepared by freeze-dry technique 513:549 To improve the mechanical stability of alginate bead, flexible foam-type zeolite-alginate composite was synthesized and Sr adsorption performance was evaluated in seawater; 1-10% zeolite immobilized alginate foams were prepared by freeze-dry technique. 28985598 9 85 theme foam 1351:1354 arg1 composite 1356:1364 zeolite-alginate foam composite 1334:1364 zeolite-alginate foam composite 1334:1364 This result reveals that zeolite-alginate foam composite is appropriate material for Sr removal in seawater due to its swelling resistance as well as improved Sr adsorption performance in complex media. 28985598 2 86 theme alginate 338:345 arg1 bead 347:350 alginate bead 338:350 alginate bead 338:350 To improve the mechanical stability of alginate bead, flexible foam-type zeolite-alginate composite was synthesized and Sr adsorption performance was evaluated in seawater; 1-10% zeolite immobilized alginate foams were prepared by freeze-dry technique. 29053809 9 0 theme Bacteroides 2090:2100 arg1 numbers 2021:2027 numbers 2021:2027 numbers of Campylobacter species (by > 2.5 log cfu/g; P < 0.001) and Bacteroides (P < 0.02) 2021:2111 Supplementation with DFM alone did not affect gut bacterial populations, but XA and XAP reduced numbers of Campylobacter species (by > 2.5 log cfu/g; P < 0.001) and Bacteroides (P < 0.02) in the cecum compared with CTL birds. 29053809 1 1 theme microbial 428:436 arg1 composition 438:448 gut microbial composition 424:448 gut microbial composition 424:448 The efficacy of two exogenous enzyme combinations and a multi-strain Bacillus probiotic (DFM) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and gut microbial composition was investigated in broilers. 29053809 4 2 dep CTL+DFM+XA 1012:1021 arg1 5 1009:1009 5 1009:1009 5 1009:1009 Treatments included 1) a control diet containing 500 FTU/kg phytase (CTL), 2) CTL + xylanase (2,000 U/kg) and amylase (200 U/kg; XA), 3) CTL+XA + protease (4000 U/g; XAP), 4) CTL+DFM (150,000 cfu/g of 3 strains of Bacillus spp), 5) CTL+DFM+XA, and 6) CTL+DFM+XAP. 29053809 1 3 theme enzyme 255:260 arg1 combinations 262:273 two exogenous enzyme combinations 241:273 two exogenous enzyme combinations 241:273 The efficacy of two exogenous enzyme combinations and a multi-strain Bacillus probiotic (DFM) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and gut microbial composition was investigated in broilers. 29053809 9 4 theme P 2103:2103 arg1 Bacteroides 2090:2100 Bacteroides 2090:2100 Bacteroides (P < 0.02) 2090:2111 Supplementation with DFM alone did not affect gut bacterial populations, but XA and XAP reduced numbers of Campylobacter species (by > 2.5 log cfu/g; P < 0.001) and Bacteroides (P < 0.02) in the cecum compared with CTL birds. 29053809 9 4 theme P 2103:2103 arg1 < 0.02 2105:2110 P < 0.02 2103:2110 P < 0.02 2103:2110 Supplementation with DFM alone did not affect gut bacterial populations, but XA and XAP reduced numbers of Campylobacter species (by > 2.5 log cfu/g; P < 0.001) and Bacteroides (P < 0.02) in the cecum compared with CTL birds. 29053809 7 5 theme ileal 1412:1416 arg1 AIDE 1437:1440 AIDE 1437:1440 AIDE 1437:1440 DFM+XAP improved apparent ileal digestible energy (AIDE), AID of fat and starch on d 22 to 42, and additionally had a greater than additive effect on AIDE and AMEn. 29053809 7 5 theme ileal 1412:1416 arg1 energy 1429:1434 apparent ileal digestible energy 1403:1434 apparent ileal digestible energy (AIDE) 1403:1441 DFM+XAP improved apparent ileal digestible energy (AIDE), AID of fat and starch on d 22 to 42, and additionally had a greater than additive effect on AIDE and AMEn. 29053809 8 6 theme P 1729:1729 arg1 < 0.05 1731:1736 P < 0.05 1729:1736 P < 0.05 1729:1736 Supplementation with DFM+XAP reduced the ileal and total tract flow of insoluble arabinose and additionally total tract flow of soluble and insoluble xylose and total galactose (P < 0.05); similar effects of XA+DFM were not seen or were lower in magnitude, suggesting that the protease component plays an important role in increasing the availability of NSP for hydrolysis. 29053809 8 6 theme P 1729:1729 arg1 galactose 1718:1726 total galactose 1712:1726 total galactose (P < 0.05) 1712:1737 Supplementation with DFM+XAP reduced the ileal and total tract flow of insoluble arabinose and additionally total tract flow of soluble and insoluble xylose and total galactose (P < 0.05); similar effects of XA+DFM were not seen or were lower in magnitude, suggesting that the protease component plays an important role in increasing the availability of NSP for hydrolysis. 29053809 0 7 theme gut 189:191 arg1 microflora 193:202 gut microflora 189:202 gut microflora in broiler chickens 189:222 Comparative effects of two multi-enzyme combinations and a Bacillus probiotic on growth performance, digestibility of energy and nutrients, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides, and gut microflora in broiler chickens. 29053809 8 8 theme similar 1740:1746 arg1 effects 1748:1754 similar effects 1740:1754 similar effects of XA+DFM 1740:1764 Supplementation with DFM+XAP reduced the ileal and total tract flow of insoluble arabinose and additionally total tract flow of soluble and insoluble xylose and total galactose (P < 0.05); similar effects of XA+DFM were not seen or were lower in magnitude, suggesting that the protease component plays an important role in increasing the availability of NSP for hydrolysis. 29053809 2 9 with cages 593:597 arg1 Experiment 640:649 Experiment 2 640:651 Experiment 2 640:651 One-day old Ross 308 chicks were assigned to 36 pens with 22 birds/pen and 6 pens/treatment (Experiment 1) or 36 cages with 8 birds/cage and 6 cages/treatment (Experiment 2). 29053809 2 9 with cages 593:597 arg1 birds/cage 606:615 8 birds/cage 604:615 8 birds/cage 604:615 One-day old Ross 308 chicks were assigned to 36 pens with 22 birds/pen and 6 pens/treatment (Experiment 1) or 36 cages with 8 birds/cage and 6 cages/treatment (Experiment 2). 29053809 2 9 with cages 593:597 arg1 cages/treatment 623:637 6 cages/treatment 621:637 6 cages/treatment (Experiment 2) 621:652 One-day old Ross 308 chicks were assigned to 36 pens with 22 birds/pen and 6 pens/treatment (Experiment 1) or 36 cages with 8 birds/cage and 6 cages/treatment (Experiment 2). 29053809 8 10 theme NSP 1905:1907 arg1 availability 1889:1900 the availability 1885:1900 the availability of NSP for hydrolysis 1885:1922 Supplementation with DFM+XAP reduced the ileal and total tract flow of insoluble arabinose and additionally total tract flow of soluble and insoluble xylose and total galactose (P < 0.05); similar effects of XA+DFM were not seen or were lower in magnitude, suggesting that the protease component plays an important role in increasing the availability of NSP for hydrolysis. 29053809 3 11 theme corn/soy 712:719 arg1 starter 727:733 nutritionally complete corn/soy based starter 689:733 nutritionally complete corn/soy based starter (d 1 to 21) 689:745 Treatment additives were added to nutritionally complete corn/soy based starter (d 1 to 21) and finisher (d 22 to 42) diets. 29053809 3 11 theme corn/soy 712:719 arg1 d 736:736 d 1 to 21 736:744 d 1 to 21 736:744 Treatment additives were added to nutritionally complete corn/soy based starter (d 1 to 21) and finisher (d 22 to 42) diets. 29053809 0 12 theme energy 118:123 arg1 microflora 193:202 gut microflora 189:202 gut microflora in broiler chickens 189:222 Comparative effects of two multi-enzyme combinations and a Bacillus probiotic on growth performance, digestibility of energy and nutrients, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides, and gut microflora in broiler chickens. 29053809 0 12 theme energy 118:123 arg1 digestibility 101:113 digestibility 101:113 digestibility of energy and nutrients 101:137 Comparative effects of two multi-enzyme combinations and a Bacillus probiotic on growth performance, digestibility of energy and nutrients, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides, and gut microflora in broiler chickens. 29053809 0 12 theme energy 118:123 arg1 disappearance 140:152 disappearance 140:152 disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides 140:182 Comparative effects of two multi-enzyme combinations and a Bacillus probiotic on growth performance, digestibility of energy and nutrients, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides, and gut microflora in broiler chickens. 29053809 0 12 theme energy 118:123 arg1 performance 88:98 growth performance 81:98 growth performance 81:98 Comparative effects of two multi-enzyme combinations and a Bacillus probiotic on growth performance, digestibility of energy and nutrients, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides, and gut microflora in broiler chickens. 29053809 9 13 theme CTL 2140:2142 arg1 birds 2144:2148 CTL birds 2140:2148 CTL birds 2140:2148 Supplementation with DFM alone did not affect gut bacterial populations, but XA and XAP reduced numbers of Campylobacter species (by > 2.5 log cfu/g; P < 0.001) and Bacteroides (P < 0.02) in the cecum compared with CTL birds. 29053809 9 14 dep species 2046:2052 arg1 cfu/g 2068:2072 by > 2.5 log cfu/g 2055:2072 by > 2.5 log cfu/g; P < 0.001 2055:2083 Supplementation with DFM alone did not affect gut bacterial populations, but XA and XAP reduced numbers of Campylobacter species (by > 2.5 log cfu/g; P < 0.001) and Bacteroides (P < 0.02) in the cecum compared with CTL birds. 29053809 0 15 theme nutrients 129:137 arg1 microflora 193:202 gut microflora 189:202 gut microflora in broiler chickens 189:222 Comparative effects of two multi-enzyme combinations and a Bacillus probiotic on growth performance, digestibility of energy and nutrients, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides, and gut microflora in broiler chickens. 29053809 0 15 theme nutrients 129:137 arg1 digestibility 101:113 digestibility 101:113 digestibility of energy and nutrients 101:137 Comparative effects of two multi-enzyme combinations and a Bacillus probiotic on growth performance, digestibility of energy and nutrients, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides, and gut microflora in broiler chickens. 29053809 0 15 theme nutrients 129:137 arg1 disappearance 140:152 disappearance 140:152 disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides 140:182 Comparative effects of two multi-enzyme combinations and a Bacillus probiotic on growth performance, digestibility of energy and nutrients, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides, and gut microflora in broiler chickens. 29053809 0 15 theme nutrients 129:137 arg1 performance 88:98 growth performance 81:98 growth performance 81:98 Comparative effects of two multi-enzyme combinations and a Bacillus probiotic on growth performance, digestibility of energy and nutrients, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides, and gut microflora in broiler chickens. 29053809 1 16 theme polysaccharides 398:412 arg1 performance 333:343 the growth performance 322:343 the growth performance 322:343 The efficacy of two exogenous enzyme combinations and a multi-strain Bacillus probiotic (DFM) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and gut microbial composition was investigated in broilers. 29053809 1 16 theme polysaccharides 398:412 arg1 digestibility 355:367 nutrient digestibility 346:367 nutrient digestibility 346:367 The efficacy of two exogenous enzyme combinations and a multi-strain Bacillus probiotic (DFM) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and gut microbial composition was investigated in broilers. 29053809 1 16 theme polysaccharides 398:412 arg1 composition 438:448 gut microbial composition 424:448 gut microbial composition 424:448 The efficacy of two exogenous enzyme combinations and a multi-strain Bacillus probiotic (DFM) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and gut microbial composition was investigated in broilers. 29053809 1 16 theme polysaccharides 398:412 arg1 disappearance 370:382 disappearance 370:382 disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) 370:418 The efficacy of two exogenous enzyme combinations and a multi-strain Bacillus probiotic (DFM) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and gut microbial composition was investigated in broilers. 29053809 6 17 theme XAP 1317:1319 arg1 AMEn 1331:1334 XAP improving AMEn 1317:1334 XAP improving AMEn (by ∼82 kcal) 1317:1348 XA and XAP improved apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of starch and fat on d 22 to 42 with XAP improving AMEn (by ∼82 kcal) compared with CTL birds (P < 0.01). 29053809 3 18 dep d 761:761 arg1 to 766:767 to 766:767 to 766:767 Treatment additives were added to nutritionally complete corn/soy based starter (d 1 to 21) and finisher (d 22 to 42) diets. 29053809 9 19 theme gut 1971:1973 arg1 populations 1985:1995 gut bacterial populations 1971:1995 gut bacterial populations 1971:1995 Supplementation with DFM alone did not affect gut bacterial populations, but XA and XAP reduced numbers of Campylobacter species (by > 2.5 log cfu/g; P < 0.001) and Bacteroides (P < 0.02) in the cecum compared with CTL birds. 29053809 6 20 theme ileal 1254:1258 arg1 digestibility 1260:1272 apparent ileal digestibility 1245:1272 apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of starch and fat on d 22 to 42 1245:1310 XA and XAP improved apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of starch and fat on d 22 to 42 with XAP improving AMEn (by ∼82 kcal) compared with CTL birds (P < 0.01). 29053809 4 21 theme 500 829:831 arg1 FTU/kg 833:838 FTU/kg 833:838 FTU/kg 833:838 Treatments included 1) a control diet containing 500 FTU/kg phytase (CTL), 2) CTL + xylanase (2,000 U/kg) and amylase (200 U/kg; XA), 3) CTL+XA + protease (4000 U/g; XAP), 4) CTL+DFM (150,000 cfu/g of 3 strains of Bacillus spp), 5) CTL+DFM+XA, and 6) CTL+DFM+XAP. 29053809 0 22 from digestibility 101:113 arg1 chickens 215:222 broiler chickens 207:222 broiler chickens 207:222 Comparative effects of two multi-enzyme combinations and a Bacillus probiotic on growth performance, digestibility of energy and nutrients, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides, and gut microflora in broiler chickens. 29053809 1 23 from efficacy 229:236 arg1 performance 333:343 the growth performance 322:343 the growth performance 322:343 The efficacy of two exogenous enzyme combinations and a multi-strain Bacillus probiotic (DFM) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and gut microbial composition was investigated in broilers. 29053809 1 23 from efficacy 229:236 arg1 digestibility 355:367 nutrient digestibility 346:367 nutrient digestibility 346:367 The efficacy of two exogenous enzyme combinations and a multi-strain Bacillus probiotic (DFM) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and gut microbial composition was investigated in broilers. 29053809 1 23 from efficacy 229:236 arg1 composition 438:448 gut microbial composition 424:448 gut microbial composition 424:448 The efficacy of two exogenous enzyme combinations and a multi-strain Bacillus probiotic (DFM) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and gut microbial composition was investigated in broilers. 29053809 1 23 from efficacy 229:236 arg1 disappearance 370:382 disappearance 370:382 disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) 370:418 The efficacy of two exogenous enzyme combinations and a multi-strain Bacillus probiotic (DFM) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and gut microbial composition was investigated in broilers. 29053809 4 24 dep CTL+DFM 955:961 arg1 cfu/g 972:976 150,000 cfu/g 964:976 150,000 cfu/g of 3 strains of Bacillus spp 964:1005 Treatments included 1) a control diet containing 500 FTU/kg phytase (CTL), 2) CTL + xylanase (2,000 U/kg) and amylase (200 U/kg; XA), 3) CTL+XA + protease (4000 U/g; XAP), 4) CTL+DFM (150,000 cfu/g of 3 strains of Bacillus spp), 5) CTL+DFM+XA, and 6) CTL+DFM+XAP. 29053809 4 24 dep CTL+DFM 955:961 arg1 4 952:952 4 952:952 4 952:952 Treatments included 1) a control diet containing 500 FTU/kg phytase (CTL), 2) CTL + xylanase (2,000 U/kg) and amylase (200 U/kg; XA), 3) CTL+XA + protease (4000 U/g; XAP), 4) CTL+DFM (150,000 cfu/g of 3 strains of Bacillus spp), 5) CTL+DFM+XA, and 6) CTL+DFM+XAP. 29053809 6 25 from digestibility 1260:1272 arg1 d 1301:1301 d 22 to 42 1301:1310 d 22 to 42 1301:1310 XA and XAP improved apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of starch and fat on d 22 to 42 with XAP improving AMEn (by ∼82 kcal) compared with CTL birds (P < 0.01). 29053809 4 26 dep CTL+DFM+XAP 1031:1041 arg1 6 1028:1028 6 1028:1028 6 1028:1028 Treatments included 1) a control diet containing 500 FTU/kg phytase (CTL), 2) CTL + xylanase (2,000 U/kg) and amylase (200 U/kg; XA), 3) CTL+XA + protease (4000 U/g; XAP), 4) CTL+DFM (150,000 cfu/g of 3 strains of Bacillus spp), 5) CTL+DFM+XA, and 6) CTL+DFM+XAP. 29053809 7 27 dep d 1469:1469 arg1 to 1474:1475 to 1474:1475 to 1474:1475 DFM+XAP improved apparent ileal digestible energy (AIDE), AID of fat and starch on d 22 to 42, and additionally had a greater than additive effect on AIDE and AMEn. 29053809 0 28 from performance 88:98 arg1 chickens 215:222 broiler chickens 207:222 broiler chickens 207:222 Comparative effects of two multi-enzyme combinations and a Bacillus probiotic on growth performance, digestibility of energy and nutrients, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides, and gut microflora in broiler chickens. 29053809 2 29 theme Ross 492:495 arg1 chicks 501:506 One-day old Ross 308 chicks 480:506 One-day old Ross 308 chicks 480:506 One-day old Ross 308 chicks were assigned to 36 pens with 22 birds/pen and 6 pens/treatment (Experiment 1) or 36 cages with 8 birds/cage and 6 cages/treatment (Experiment 2). 29053809 1 30 dep probiotic 303:311 arg1 Bacillus 294:301 Bacillus 294:301 Bacillus 294:301 The efficacy of two exogenous enzyme combinations and a multi-strain Bacillus probiotic (DFM) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and gut microbial composition was investigated in broilers. 29053809 4 31 dep CTL 858:860 arg1 2 855:855 2 855:855 2 855:855 Treatments included 1) a control diet containing 500 FTU/kg phytase (CTL), 2) CTL + xylanase (2,000 U/kg) and amylase (200 U/kg; XA), 3) CTL+XA + protease (4000 U/g; XAP), 4) CTL+DFM (150,000 cfu/g of 3 strains of Bacillus spp), 5) CTL+DFM+XA, and 6) CTL+DFM+XAP. 29053809 3 32 dep starter 727:733 arg1 diets 773:777 diets 773:777 diets 773:777 Treatment additives were added to nutritionally complete corn/soy based starter (d 1 to 21) and finisher (d 22 to 42) diets. 29053809 7 33 theme additive 1517:1524 arg1 effect 1526:1531 a greater than additive effect 1502:1531 a greater than additive effect 1502:1531 DFM+XAP improved apparent ileal digestible energy (AIDE), AID of fat and starch on d 22 to 42, and additionally had a greater than additive effect on AIDE and AMEn. 29053809 3 34 dep d 736:736 arg1 to 740:741 to 740:741 to 740:741 Treatment additives were added to nutritionally complete corn/soy based starter (d 1 to 21) and finisher (d 22 to 42) diets. 29053809 6 35 theme fat 1294:1296 arg1 digestibility 1260:1272 apparent ileal digestibility 1245:1272 apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of starch and fat on d 22 to 42 1245:1310 XA and XAP improved apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of starch and fat on d 22 to 42 with XAP improving AMEn (by ∼82 kcal) compared with CTL birds (P < 0.01). 29053809 4 36 contain containing 818:827 arg2 phytase 840:846 500 FTU/kg phytase 829:846 500 FTU/kg phytase (CTL) 829:852 Treatments included 1) a control diet containing 500 FTU/kg phytase (CTL), 2) CTL + xylanase (2,000 U/kg) and amylase (200 U/kg; XA), 3) CTL+XA + protease (4000 U/g; XAP), 4) CTL+DFM (150,000 cfu/g of 3 strains of Bacillus spp), 5) CTL+DFM+XA, and 6) CTL+DFM+XAP. 29053809 4 36 contain containing 818:827 arg1 diet 813:816 a control diet 803:816 1) a control diet containing 500 FTU/kg phytase (CTL), 2) CTL + xylanase (2,000 U/kg) and amylase (200 U/kg; XA) 800:911 Treatments included 1) a control diet containing 500 FTU/kg phytase (CTL), 2) CTL + xylanase (2,000 U/kg) and amylase (200 U/kg; XA), 3) CTL+XA + protease (4000 U/g; XAP), 4) CTL+DFM (150,000 cfu/g of 3 strains of Bacillus spp), 5) CTL+DFM+XA, and 6) CTL+DFM+XAP. 29053809 4 36 contain containing 818:827 arg2 CTL 849:851 CTL 849:851 CTL 849:851 Treatments included 1) a control diet containing 500 FTU/kg phytase (CTL), 2) CTL + xylanase (2,000 U/kg) and amylase (200 U/kg; XA), 3) CTL+XA + protease (4000 U/g; XAP), 4) CTL+DFM (150,000 cfu/g of 3 strains of Bacillus spp), 5) CTL+DFM+XA, and 6) CTL+DFM+XAP. 29053809 4 36 contain containing 818:827 arg2 2,000 U/kg 874:883 2,000 U/kg 874:883 2,000 U/kg 874:883 Treatments included 1) a control diet containing 500 FTU/kg phytase (CTL), 2) CTL + xylanase (2,000 U/kg) and amylase (200 U/kg; XA), 3) CTL+XA + protease (4000 U/g; XAP), 4) CTL+DFM (150,000 cfu/g of 3 strains of Bacillus spp), 5) CTL+DFM+XA, and 6) CTL+DFM+XAP. 29053809 4 36 contain containing 818:827 arg2 amylase 890:896 amylase 890:896 amylase (200 U/kg; XA) 890:911 Treatments included 1) a control diet containing 500 FTU/kg phytase (CTL), 2) CTL + xylanase (2,000 U/kg) and amylase (200 U/kg; XA), 3) CTL+XA + protease (4000 U/g; XAP), 4) CTL+DFM (150,000 cfu/g of 3 strains of Bacillus spp), 5) CTL+DFM+XA, and 6) CTL+DFM+XAP. 29053809 4 36 contain containing 818:827 arg2 CTL 858:860 2) CTL 855:860 2) CTL 855:860 Treatments included 1) a control diet containing 500 FTU/kg phytase (CTL), 2) CTL + xylanase (2,000 U/kg) and amylase (200 U/kg; XA), 3) CTL+XA + protease (4000 U/g; XAP), 4) CTL+DFM (150,000 cfu/g of 3 strains of Bacillus spp), 5) CTL+DFM+XA, and 6) CTL+DFM+XAP. 29053809 4 36 contain containing 818:827 arg2 200 U/kg 899:906 200 U/kg 899:906 200 U/kg; XA 899:910 Treatments included 1) a control diet containing 500 FTU/kg phytase (CTL), 2) CTL + xylanase (2,000 U/kg) and amylase (200 U/kg; XA), 3) CTL+XA + protease (4000 U/g; XAP), 4) CTL+DFM (150,000 cfu/g of 3 strains of Bacillus spp), 5) CTL+DFM+XA, and 6) CTL+DFM+XAP. 29053809 5 37 theme final 1168:1172 arg1 BW 1174:1175 increased final BW 1158:1175 increased final BW 1158:1175 Supplementation with DFM increased BW, BWG, and FI compared with the CTL (P < 0.05); XAP, but not XA, resulted in increased final BW, BWG and FI compared to the control (P < 0.05). 29053809 5 38 with Supplementation 1044:1058 arg1 DFM 1065:1067 DFM 1065:1067 DFM 1065:1067 Supplementation with DFM increased BW, BWG, and FI compared with the CTL (P < 0.05); XAP, but not XA, resulted in increased final BW, BWG and FI compared to the control (P < 0.05). 29053809 8 39 theme total 1602:1606 arg1 flow 1614:1617 the ileal and total tract flow 1588:1617 the ileal and total tract flow of insoluble arabinose 1588:1640 Supplementation with DFM+XAP reduced the ileal and total tract flow of insoluble arabinose and additionally total tract flow of soluble and insoluble xylose and total galactose (P < 0.05); similar effects of XA+DFM were not seen or were lower in magnitude, suggesting that the protease component plays an important role in increasing the availability of NSP for hydrolysis. 29053809 6 40 theme starch 1283:1288 arg1 digestibility 1260:1272 apparent ileal digestibility 1245:1272 apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of starch and fat on d 22 to 42 1245:1310 XA and XAP improved apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of starch and fat on d 22 to 42 with XAP improving AMEn (by ∼82 kcal) compared with CTL birds (P < 0.01). 29053809 4 41 theme spp 1003:1005 arg1 strains 983:989 3 strains 981:989 3 strains of Bacillus spp 981:1005 Treatments included 1) a control diet containing 500 FTU/kg phytase (CTL), 2) CTL + xylanase (2,000 U/kg) and amylase (200 U/kg; XA), 3) CTL+XA + protease (4000 U/g; XAP), 4) CTL+DFM (150,000 cfu/g of 3 strains of Bacillus spp), 5) CTL+DFM+XA, and 6) CTL+DFM+XAP. 29053809 0 42 theme Comparative 0:10 arg1 effects 12:18 Comparative effects 0:18 Comparative effects of two multi-enzyme combinations and a Bacillus probiotic on growth performance, digestibility of energy and nutrients, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides, and gut microflora in broiler chickens. 0:223 Comparative effects of two multi-enzyme combinations and a Bacillus probiotic on growth performance, digestibility of energy and nutrients, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides, and gut microflora in broiler chickens. 29053809 9 43 theme species 2046:2052 arg1 numbers 2021:2027 numbers 2021:2027 numbers of Campylobacter species (by > 2.5 log cfu/g; P < 0.001) and Bacteroides (P < 0.02) 2021:2111 Supplementation with DFM alone did not affect gut bacterial populations, but XA and XAP reduced numbers of Campylobacter species (by > 2.5 log cfu/g; P < 0.001) and Bacteroides (P < 0.02) in the cecum compared with CTL birds. 29053809 8 44 theme arabinose 1632:1640 arg1 flow 1614:1617 the ileal and total tract flow 1588:1617 the ileal and total tract flow of insoluble arabinose 1588:1640 Supplementation with DFM+XAP reduced the ileal and total tract flow of insoluble arabinose and additionally total tract flow of soluble and insoluble xylose and total galactose (P < 0.05); similar effects of XA+DFM were not seen or were lower in magnitude, suggesting that the protease component plays an important role in increasing the availability of NSP for hydrolysis. 29053809 9 45 with Supplementation 1925:1939 arg1 DFM 1946:1948 DFM 1946:1948 DFM 1946:1948 Supplementation with DFM alone did not affect gut bacterial populations, but XA and XAP reduced numbers of Campylobacter species (by > 2.5 log cfu/g; P < 0.001) and Bacteroides (P < 0.02) in the cecum compared with CTL birds. 29053809 6 46 dep d 1301:1301 arg1 to 1306:1307 to 1306:1307 to 1306:1307 XA and XAP improved apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of starch and fat on d 22 to 42 with XAP improving AMEn (by ∼82 kcal) compared with CTL birds (P < 0.01). 29053809 2 47 theme One-day 480:486 arg1 chicks 501:506 One-day old Ross 308 chicks 480:506 One-day old Ross 308 chicks 480:506 One-day old Ross 308 chicks were assigned to 36 pens with 22 birds/pen and 6 pens/treatment (Experiment 1) or 36 cages with 8 birds/cage and 6 cages/treatment (Experiment 2). 29053809 0 48 theme multi-enzyme 27:38 arg1 combinations 40:51 two multi-enzyme combinations 23:51 two multi-enzyme combinations 23:51 Comparative effects of two multi-enzyme combinations and a Bacillus probiotic on growth performance, digestibility of energy and nutrients, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides, and gut microflora in broiler chickens. 29053809 9 49 theme log 2064:2066 arg1 cfu/g 2068:2072 by > 2.5 log cfu/g 2055:2072 by > 2.5 log cfu/g; P < 0.001 2055:2083 Supplementation with DFM alone did not affect gut bacterial populations, but XA and XAP reduced numbers of Campylobacter species (by > 2.5 log cfu/g; P < 0.001) and Bacteroides (P < 0.02) in the cecum compared with CTL birds. 29053809 8 50 theme tract 1665:1669 arg1 flow 1671:1674 total tract flow 1659:1674 total tract flow of soluble and insoluble xylose 1659:1706 Supplementation with DFM+XAP reduced the ileal and total tract flow of insoluble arabinose and additionally total tract flow of soluble and insoluble xylose and total galactose (P < 0.05); similar effects of XA+DFM were not seen or were lower in magnitude, suggesting that the protease component plays an important role in increasing the availability of NSP for hydrolysis. 29053809 8 51 theme tract 1608:1612 arg1 flow 1614:1617 the ileal and total tract flow 1588:1617 the ileal and total tract flow of insoluble arabinose 1588:1640 Supplementation with DFM+XAP reduced the ileal and total tract flow of insoluble arabinose and additionally total tract flow of soluble and insoluble xylose and total galactose (P < 0.05); similar effects of XA+DFM were not seen or were lower in magnitude, suggesting that the protease component plays an important role in increasing the availability of NSP for hydrolysis. 29053809 8 52 theme protease 1828:1835 arg1 component 1837:1845 the protease component 1824:1845 the protease component 1824:1845 Supplementation with DFM+XAP reduced the ileal and total tract flow of insoluble arabinose and additionally total tract flow of soluble and insoluble xylose and total galactose (P < 0.05); similar effects of XA+DFM were not seen or were lower in magnitude, suggesting that the protease component plays an important role in increasing the availability of NSP for hydrolysis. 29053809 2 53 with pens 528:531 arg1 cages 593:597 36 cages 590:597 36 cages with 8 birds/cage and 6 cages/treatment (Experiment 2) 590:652 One-day old Ross 308 chicks were assigned to 36 pens with 22 birds/pen and 6 pens/treatment (Experiment 1) or 36 cages with 8 birds/cage and 6 cages/treatment (Experiment 2). 29053809 2 53 with pens 528:531 arg1 Experiment 573:582 Experiment 1 573:584 Experiment 1 573:584 One-day old Ross 308 chicks were assigned to 36 pens with 22 birds/pen and 6 pens/treatment (Experiment 1) or 36 cages with 8 birds/cage and 6 cages/treatment (Experiment 2). 29053809 2 53 with pens 528:531 arg1 birds/pen 541:549 22 birds/pen and 6 pens/treatment 538:570 birds/pen 541:549 One-day old Ross 308 chicks were assigned to 36 pens with 22 birds/pen and 6 pens/treatment (Experiment 1) or 36 cages with 8 birds/cage and 6 cages/treatment (Experiment 2). 29053809 2 53 with pens 528:531 arg1 pens/treatment 557:570 22 birds/pen and 6 pens/treatment 538:570 pens/treatment 557:570 One-day old Ross 308 chicks were assigned to 36 pens with 22 birds/pen and 6 pens/treatment (Experiment 1) or 36 cages with 8 birds/cage and 6 cages/treatment (Experiment 2). 29053809 7 54 contain had 1498:1500 arg2 effect 1526:1531 a greater than additive effect 1502:1531 a greater than additive effect 1502:1531 DFM+XAP improved apparent ileal digestible energy (AIDE), AID of fat and starch on d 22 to 42, and additionally had a greater than additive effect on AIDE and AMEn. 29053809 7 54 contain had 1498:1500 arg1 DFM+XAP 1386:1392 DFM+XAP 1386:1392 DFM+XAP 1386:1392 DFM+XAP improved apparent ileal digestible energy (AIDE), AID of fat and starch on d 22 to 42, and additionally had a greater than additive effect on AIDE and AMEn. 29053809 8 55 theme important 1856:1864 arg1 role 1866:1869 an important role 1853:1869 an important role 1853:1869 Supplementation with DFM+XAP reduced the ileal and total tract flow of insoluble arabinose and additionally total tract flow of soluble and insoluble xylose and total galactose (P < 0.05); similar effects of XA+DFM were not seen or were lower in magnitude, suggesting that the protease component plays an important role in increasing the availability of NSP for hydrolysis. 29053809 7 56 theme digestible 1418:1427 arg1 AIDE 1437:1440 AIDE 1437:1440 AIDE 1437:1440 DFM+XAP improved apparent ileal digestible energy (AIDE), AID of fat and starch on d 22 to 42, and additionally had a greater than additive effect on AIDE and AMEn. 29053809 7 56 theme digestible 1418:1427 arg1 energy 1429:1434 apparent ileal digestible energy 1403:1434 apparent ileal digestible energy (AIDE) 1403:1441 DFM+XAP improved apparent ileal digestible energy (AIDE), AID of fat and starch on d 22 to 42, and additionally had a greater than additive effect on AIDE and AMEn. 29053809 8 57 theme xylose 1701:1706 arg1 < 0.05 1731:1736 P < 0.05 1729:1736 P < 0.05 1729:1736 Supplementation with DFM+XAP reduced the ileal and total tract flow of insoluble arabinose and additionally total tract flow of soluble and insoluble xylose and total galactose (P < 0.05); similar effects of XA+DFM were not seen or were lower in magnitude, suggesting that the protease component plays an important role in increasing the availability of NSP for hydrolysis. 29053809 8 57 theme xylose 1701:1706 arg1 galactose 1718:1726 total galactose 1712:1726 total galactose (P < 0.05) 1712:1737 Supplementation with DFM+XAP reduced the ileal and total tract flow of insoluble arabinose and additionally total tract flow of soluble and insoluble xylose and total galactose (P < 0.05); similar effects of XA+DFM were not seen or were lower in magnitude, suggesting that the protease component plays an important role in increasing the availability of NSP for hydrolysis. 29053809 8 57 theme xylose 1701:1706 arg1 flow 1671:1674 total tract flow 1659:1674 total tract flow of soluble and insoluble xylose 1659:1706 Supplementation with DFM+XAP reduced the ileal and total tract flow of insoluble arabinose and additionally total tract flow of soluble and insoluble xylose and total galactose (P < 0.05); similar effects of XA+DFM were not seen or were lower in magnitude, suggesting that the protease component plays an important role in increasing the availability of NSP for hydrolysis. 29053809 4 58 dep diet 813:816 arg1 1 800:800 1 800:800 1 800:800 Treatments included 1) a control diet containing 500 FTU/kg phytase (CTL), 2) CTL + xylanase (2,000 U/kg) and amylase (200 U/kg; XA), 3) CTL+XA + protease (4000 U/g; XAP), 4) CTL+DFM (150,000 cfu/g of 3 strains of Bacillus spp), 5) CTL+DFM+XA, and 6) CTL+DFM+XAP. 29053809 5 59 theme P 1118:1118 arg1 CTL 1113:1115 the CTL 1109:1115 the CTL (P < 0.05) 1109:1126 Supplementation with DFM increased BW, BWG, and FI compared with the CTL (P < 0.05); XAP, but not XA, resulted in increased final BW, BWG and FI compared to the control (P < 0.05). 29053809 5 59 theme P 1118:1118 arg1 < 0.05 1120:1125 P < 0.05 1118:1125 P < 0.05 1118:1125 Supplementation with DFM increased BW, BWG, and FI compared with the CTL (P < 0.05); XAP, but not XA, resulted in increased final BW, BWG and FI compared to the control (P < 0.05). 29053809 1 60 theme exogenous 245:253 arg1 combinations 262:273 two exogenous enzyme combinations 241:273 two exogenous enzyme combinations 241:273 The efficacy of two exogenous enzyme combinations and a multi-strain Bacillus probiotic (DFM) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and gut microbial composition was investigated in broilers. 29053809 7 61 theme apparent 1403:1410 arg1 AIDE 1437:1440 AIDE 1437:1440 AIDE 1437:1440 DFM+XAP improved apparent ileal digestible energy (AIDE), AID of fat and starch on d 22 to 42, and additionally had a greater than additive effect on AIDE and AMEn. 29053809 7 61 theme apparent 1403:1410 arg1 energy 1429:1434 apparent ileal digestible energy 1403:1434 apparent ileal digestible energy (AIDE) 1403:1441 DFM+XAP improved apparent ileal digestible energy (AIDE), AID of fat and starch on d 22 to 42, and additionally had a greater than additive effect on AIDE and AMEn. 29053809 8 62 theme total 1712:1716 arg1 < 0.05 1731:1736 P < 0.05 1729:1736 P < 0.05 1729:1736 Supplementation with DFM+XAP reduced the ileal and total tract flow of insoluble arabinose and additionally total tract flow of soluble and insoluble xylose and total galactose (P < 0.05); similar effects of XA+DFM were not seen or were lower in magnitude, suggesting that the protease component plays an important role in increasing the availability of NSP for hydrolysis. 29053809 8 62 theme total 1712:1716 arg1 galactose 1718:1726 total galactose 1712:1726 total galactose (P < 0.05) 1712:1737 Supplementation with DFM+XAP reduced the ileal and total tract flow of insoluble arabinose and additionally total tract flow of soluble and insoluble xylose and total galactose (P < 0.05); similar effects of XA+DFM were not seen or were lower in magnitude, suggesting that the protease component plays an important role in increasing the availability of NSP for hydrolysis. 29053809 3 63 theme Treatment 655:663 arg1 additives 665:673 Treatment additives 655:673 Treatment additives 655:673 Treatment additives were added to nutritionally complete corn/soy based starter (d 1 to 21) and finisher (d 22 to 42) diets. 29053809 2 64 with pens/treatment 557:570 arg1 Experiment 640:649 Experiment 2 640:651 Experiment 2 640:651 One-day old Ross 308 chicks were assigned to 36 pens with 22 birds/pen and 6 pens/treatment (Experiment 1) or 36 cages with 8 birds/cage and 6 cages/treatment (Experiment 2). 29053809 2 64 with pens/treatment 557:570 arg1 birds/cage 606:615 8 birds/cage 604:615 8 birds/cage 604:615 One-day old Ross 308 chicks were assigned to 36 pens with 22 birds/pen and 6 pens/treatment (Experiment 1) or 36 cages with 8 birds/cage and 6 cages/treatment (Experiment 2). 29053809 2 64 with pens/treatment 557:570 arg1 cages/treatment 623:637 6 cages/treatment 621:637 6 cages/treatment (Experiment 2) 621:652 One-day old Ross 308 chicks were assigned to 36 pens with 22 birds/pen and 6 pens/treatment (Experiment 1) or 36 cages with 8 birds/cage and 6 cages/treatment (Experiment 2). 29053809 1 65 theme combinations 262:273 arg1 efficacy 229:236 The efficacy 225:236 The efficacy of two exogenous enzyme combinations and a multi-strain Bacillus probiotic (DFM) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and gut microbial composition 225:448 The efficacy of two exogenous enzyme combinations and a multi-strain Bacillus probiotic (DFM) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and gut microbial composition was investigated in broilers. 29053809 0 66 from disappearance 140:152 arg1 chickens 215:222 broiler chickens 207:222 broiler chickens 207:222 Comparative effects of two multi-enzyme combinations and a Bacillus probiotic on growth performance, digestibility of energy and nutrients, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides, and gut microflora in broiler chickens. 29053809 9 67 dep cfu/g 2068:2072 arg1 P 2075:2075 P < 0.001 2075:2083 by > 2.5 log cfu/g; P < 0.001 2055:2083 Supplementation with DFM alone did not affect gut bacterial populations, but XA and XAP reduced numbers of Campylobacter species (by > 2.5 log cfu/g; P < 0.001) and Bacteroides (P < 0.02) in the cecum compared with CTL birds. 29053809 3 68 theme complete 703:710 arg1 starter 727:733 nutritionally complete corn/soy based starter 689:733 nutritionally complete corn/soy based starter (d 1 to 21) 689:745 Treatment additives were added to nutritionally complete corn/soy based starter (d 1 to 21) and finisher (d 22 to 42) diets. 29053809 3 68 theme complete 703:710 arg1 d 736:736 d 1 to 21 736:744 d 1 to 21 736:744 Treatment additives were added to nutritionally complete corn/soy based starter (d 1 to 21) and finisher (d 22 to 42) diets. 29053809 0 69 theme broiler 207:213 arg1 chickens 215:222 broiler chickens 207:222 broiler chickens 207:222 Comparative effects of two multi-enzyme combinations and a Bacillus probiotic on growth performance, digestibility of energy and nutrients, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides, and gut microflora in broiler chickens. 29053809 5 70 theme increased 1158:1166 arg1 BW 1174:1175 increased final BW 1158:1175 increased final BW 1158:1175 Supplementation with DFM increased BW, BWG, and FI compared with the CTL (P < 0.05); XAP, but not XA, resulted in increased final BW, BWG and FI compared to the control (P < 0.05). 29053809 4 71 dep 200 U/kg 899:906 arg1 XA 909:910 XA 909:910 200 U/kg; XA 899:910 Treatments included 1) a control diet containing 500 FTU/kg phytase (CTL), 2) CTL + xylanase (2,000 U/kg) and amylase (200 U/kg; XA), 3) CTL+XA + protease (4000 U/g; XAP), 4) CTL+DFM (150,000 cfu/g of 3 strains of Bacillus spp), 5) CTL+DFM+XA, and 6) CTL+DFM+XAP. 29053809 8 72 with Supplementation 1551:1565 arg1 DFM+XAP 1572:1578 DFM+XAP 1572:1578 DFM+XAP 1572:1578 Supplementation with DFM+XAP reduced the ileal and total tract flow of insoluble arabinose and additionally total tract flow of soluble and insoluble xylose and total galactose (P < 0.05); similar effects of XA+DFM were not seen or were lower in magnitude, suggesting that the protease component plays an important role in increasing the availability of NSP for hydrolysis. 29053809 6 73 theme CTL 1364:1366 arg1 P 1375:1375 P < 0.01 1375:1382 P < 0.01 1375:1382 XA and XAP improved apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of starch and fat on d 22 to 42 with XAP improving AMEn (by ∼82 kcal) compared with CTL birds (P < 0.01). 29053809 6 73 theme CTL 1364:1366 arg1 birds 1368:1372 CTL birds 1364:1372 CTL birds (P < 0.01) 1364:1383 XA and XAP improved apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of starch and fat on d 22 to 42 with XAP improving AMEn (by ∼82 kcal) compared with CTL birds (P < 0.01). 29053809 4 74 theme FTU/kg 833:838 arg1 phytase 840:846 500 FTU/kg phytase 829:846 500 FTU/kg phytase (CTL) 829:852 Treatments included 1) a control diet containing 500 FTU/kg phytase (CTL), 2) CTL + xylanase (2,000 U/kg) and amylase (200 U/kg; XA), 3) CTL+XA + protease (4000 U/g; XAP), 4) CTL+DFM (150,000 cfu/g of 3 strains of Bacillus spp), 5) CTL+DFM+XA, and 6) CTL+DFM+XAP. 29053809 4 74 theme FTU/kg 833:838 arg1 CTL 849:851 CTL 849:851 CTL 849:851 Treatments included 1) a control diet containing 500 FTU/kg phytase (CTL), 2) CTL + xylanase (2,000 U/kg) and amylase (200 U/kg; XA), 3) CTL+XA + protease (4000 U/g; XAP), 4) CTL+DFM (150,000 cfu/g of 3 strains of Bacillus spp), 5) CTL+DFM+XA, and 6) CTL+DFM+XAP. 29053809 3 75 theme based 721:725 arg1 starter 727:733 nutritionally complete corn/soy based starter 689:733 nutritionally complete corn/soy based starter (d 1 to 21) 689:745 Treatment additives were added to nutritionally complete corn/soy based starter (d 1 to 21) and finisher (d 22 to 42) diets. 29053809 3 75 theme based 721:725 arg1 d 736:736 d 1 to 21 736:744 d 1 to 21 736:744 Treatment additives were added to nutritionally complete corn/soy based starter (d 1 to 21) and finisher (d 22 to 42) diets. 29053809 1 76 theme non-starch 387:396 arg1 polysaccharides 398:412 non-starch polysaccharides 387:412 non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) 387:418 The efficacy of two exogenous enzyme combinations and a multi-strain Bacillus probiotic (DFM) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and gut microbial composition was investigated in broilers. 29053809 1 76 theme non-starch 387:396 arg1 NSP 415:417 NSP 415:417 NSP 415:417 The efficacy of two exogenous enzyme combinations and a multi-strain Bacillus probiotic (DFM) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and gut microbial composition was investigated in broilers. 29053809 6 77 theme improving 1321:1329 arg1 AMEn 1331:1334 XAP improving AMEn 1317:1334 XAP improving AMEn (by ∼82 kcal) 1317:1348 XA and XAP improved apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of starch and fat on d 22 to 42 with XAP improving AMEn (by ∼82 kcal) compared with CTL birds (P < 0.01). 29053809 8 78 theme XA+DFM 1759:1764 arg1 effects 1748:1754 similar effects 1740:1754 similar effects of XA+DFM 1740:1764 Supplementation with DFM+XAP reduced the ileal and total tract flow of insoluble arabinose and additionally total tract flow of soluble and insoluble xylose and total galactose (P < 0.05); similar effects of XA+DFM were not seen or were lower in magnitude, suggesting that the protease component plays an important role in increasing the availability of NSP for hydrolysis. 29053809 4 79 theme strains 983:989 arg1 cfu/g 972:976 150,000 cfu/g 964:976 150,000 cfu/g of 3 strains of Bacillus spp 964:1005 Treatments included 1) a control diet containing 500 FTU/kg phytase (CTL), 2) CTL + xylanase (2,000 U/kg) and amylase (200 U/kg; XA), 3) CTL+XA + protease (4000 U/g; XAP), 4) CTL+DFM (150,000 cfu/g of 3 strains of Bacillus spp), 5) CTL+DFM+XA, and 6) CTL+DFM+XAP. 29053809 4 80 theme control 805:811 arg1 diet 813:816 a control diet 803:816 1) a control diet containing 500 FTU/kg phytase (CTL), 2) CTL + xylanase (2,000 U/kg) and amylase (200 U/kg; XA) 800:911 Treatments included 1) a control diet containing 500 FTU/kg phytase (CTL), 2) CTL + xylanase (2,000 U/kg) and amylase (200 U/kg; XA), 3) CTL+XA + protease (4000 U/g; XAP), 4) CTL+DFM (150,000 cfu/g of 3 strains of Bacillus spp), 5) CTL+DFM+XA, and 6) CTL+DFM+XAP. 29053809 0 81 theme polysaccharides 168:182 arg1 microflora 193:202 gut microflora 189:202 gut microflora in broiler chickens 189:222 Comparative effects of two multi-enzyme combinations and a Bacillus probiotic on growth performance, digestibility of energy and nutrients, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides, and gut microflora in broiler chickens. 29053809 0 81 theme polysaccharides 168:182 arg1 digestibility 101:113 digestibility 101:113 digestibility of energy and nutrients 101:137 Comparative effects of two multi-enzyme combinations and a Bacillus probiotic on growth performance, digestibility of energy and nutrients, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides, and gut microflora in broiler chickens. 29053809 0 81 theme polysaccharides 168:182 arg1 disappearance 140:152 disappearance 140:152 disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides 140:182 Comparative effects of two multi-enzyme combinations and a Bacillus probiotic on growth performance, digestibility of energy and nutrients, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides, and gut microflora in broiler chickens. 29053809 0 81 theme polysaccharides 168:182 arg1 performance 88:98 growth performance 81:98 growth performance 81:98 Comparative effects of two multi-enzyme combinations and a Bacillus probiotic on growth performance, digestibility of energy and nutrients, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides, and gut microflora in broiler chickens. 29053809 9 82 theme bacterial 1975:1983 arg1 populations 1985:1995 gut bacterial populations 1971:1995 gut bacterial populations 1971:1995 Supplementation with DFM alone did not affect gut bacterial populations, but XA and XAP reduced numbers of Campylobacter species (by > 2.5 log cfu/g; P < 0.001) and Bacteroides (P < 0.02) in the cecum compared with CTL birds. 29053809 6 83 theme apparent 1245:1252 arg1 digestibility 1260:1272 apparent ileal digestibility 1245:1272 apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of starch and fat on d 22 to 42 1245:1310 XA and XAP improved apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of starch and fat on d 22 to 42 with XAP improving AMEn (by ∼82 kcal) compared with CTL birds (P < 0.01). 29053809 0 84 theme probiotic 68:76 arg1 effects 12:18 Comparative effects 0:18 Comparative effects of two multi-enzyme combinations and a Bacillus probiotic on growth performance, digestibility of energy and nutrients, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides, and gut microflora in broiler chickens. 0:223 Comparative effects of two multi-enzyme combinations and a Bacillus probiotic on growth performance, digestibility of energy and nutrients, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides, and gut microflora in broiler chickens. 29053809 1 85 theme gut 424:426 arg1 composition 438:448 gut microbial composition 424:448 gut microbial composition 424:448 The efficacy of two exogenous enzyme combinations and a multi-strain Bacillus probiotic (DFM) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and gut microbial composition was investigated in broilers. 29053809 6 86 dep digestibility 1260:1272 arg1 AID 1275:1277 AID 1275:1277 AID 1275:1277 XA and XAP improved apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of starch and fat on d 22 to 42 with XAP improving AMEn (by ∼82 kcal) compared with CTL birds (P < 0.01). 29053809 0 87 theme growth 81:86 arg1 performance 88:98 growth performance 81:98 growth performance 81:98 Comparative effects of two multi-enzyme combinations and a Bacillus probiotic on growth performance, digestibility of energy and nutrients, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides, and gut microflora in broiler chickens. 29053809 1 88 theme growth 326:331 arg1 performance 333:343 the growth performance 322:343 the growth performance 322:343 The efficacy of two exogenous enzyme combinations and a multi-strain Bacillus probiotic (DFM) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and gut microbial composition was investigated in broilers. 29053809 1 89 theme nutrient 346:353 arg1 digestibility 355:367 nutrient digestibility 346:367 nutrient digestibility 346:367 The efficacy of two exogenous enzyme combinations and a multi-strain Bacillus probiotic (DFM) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and gut microbial composition was investigated in broilers. 29053809 2 90 theme old 488:490 arg1 chicks 501:506 One-day old Ross 308 chicks 480:506 One-day old Ross 308 chicks 480:506 One-day old Ross 308 chicks were assigned to 36 pens with 22 birds/pen and 6 pens/treatment (Experiment 1) or 36 cages with 8 birds/cage and 6 cages/treatment (Experiment 2). 29053809 0 91 from effects 12:18 arg1 microflora 193:202 gut microflora 189:202 gut microflora in broiler chickens 189:222 Comparative effects of two multi-enzyme combinations and a Bacillus probiotic on growth performance, digestibility of energy and nutrients, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides, and gut microflora in broiler chickens. 29053809 0 91 from effects 12:18 arg1 digestibility 101:113 digestibility 101:113 digestibility of energy and nutrients 101:137 Comparative effects of two multi-enzyme combinations and a Bacillus probiotic on growth performance, digestibility of energy and nutrients, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides, and gut microflora in broiler chickens. 29053809 0 91 from effects 12:18 arg1 performance 88:98 growth performance 81:98 growth performance 81:98 Comparative effects of two multi-enzyme combinations and a Bacillus probiotic on growth performance, digestibility of energy and nutrients, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides, and gut microflora in broiler chickens. 29053809 0 91 from effects 12:18 arg1 disappearance 140:152 disappearance 140:152 disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides 140:182 Comparative effects of two multi-enzyme combinations and a Bacillus probiotic on growth performance, digestibility of energy and nutrients, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides, and gut microflora in broiler chickens. 29053809 0 92 theme non-starch 157:166 arg1 polysaccharides 168:182 non-starch polysaccharides 157:182 non-starch polysaccharides 157:182 Comparative effects of two multi-enzyme combinations and a Bacillus probiotic on growth performance, digestibility of energy and nutrients, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides, and gut microflora in broiler chickens. 29053809 8 93 theme insoluble 1622:1630 arg1 arabinose 1632:1640 insoluble arabinose 1622:1640 insoluble arabinose 1622:1640 Supplementation with DFM+XAP reduced the ileal and total tract flow of insoluble arabinose and additionally total tract flow of soluble and insoluble xylose and total galactose (P < 0.05); similar effects of XA+DFM were not seen or were lower in magnitude, suggesting that the protease component plays an important role in increasing the availability of NSP for hydrolysis. 29053809 4 94 dep 4000 U/g 936:943 arg1 XAP 946:948 XAP 946:948 4000 U/g; XAP 936:948 Treatments included 1) a control diet containing 500 FTU/kg phytase (CTL), 2) CTL + xylanase (2,000 U/kg) and amylase (200 U/kg; XA), 3) CTL+XA + protease (4000 U/g; XAP), 4) CTL+DFM (150,000 cfu/g of 3 strains of Bacillus spp), 5) CTL+DFM+XA, and 6) CTL+DFM+XAP. 29053809 9 95 theme Campylobacter 2032:2044 arg1 species 2046:2052 Campylobacter species 2032:2052 Campylobacter species (by > 2.5 log cfu/g; P < 0.001) 2032:2084 Supplementation with DFM alone did not affect gut bacterial populations, but XA and XAP reduced numbers of Campylobacter species (by > 2.5 log cfu/g; P < 0.001) and Bacteroides (P < 0.02) in the cecum compared with CTL birds. 29053809 0 96 from microflora 193:202 arg1 chickens 215:222 broiler chickens 207:222 broiler chickens 207:222 Comparative effects of two multi-enzyme combinations and a Bacillus probiotic on growth performance, digestibility of energy and nutrients, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides, and gut microflora in broiler chickens. 29053809 8 97 theme ileal 1592:1596 arg1 flow 1614:1617 the ileal and total tract flow 1588:1617 the ileal and total tract flow of insoluble arabinose 1588:1640 Supplementation with DFM+XAP reduced the ileal and total tract flow of insoluble arabinose and additionally total tract flow of soluble and insoluble xylose and total galactose (P < 0.05); similar effects of XA+DFM were not seen or were lower in magnitude, suggesting that the protease component plays an important role in increasing the availability of NSP for hydrolysis. 29053809 1 98 theme multi-strain 281:292 arg1 efficacy 229:236 The efficacy 225:236 The efficacy of two exogenous enzyme combinations and a multi-strain Bacillus probiotic (DFM) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and gut microbial composition 225:448 The efficacy of two exogenous enzyme combinations and a multi-strain Bacillus probiotic (DFM) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and gut microbial composition was investigated in broilers. 29053809 4 99 dep CTL+XA 917:922 arg1 3 914:914 3 914:914 3 914:914 Treatments included 1) a control diet containing 500 FTU/kg phytase (CTL), 2) CTL + xylanase (2,000 U/kg) and amylase (200 U/kg; XA), 3) CTL+XA + protease (4000 U/g; XAP), 4) CTL+DFM (150,000 cfu/g of 3 strains of Bacillus spp), 5) CTL+DFM+XA, and 6) CTL+DFM+XAP. 29053809 0 100 dep probiotic 68:76 arg1 Bacillus 59:66 a Bacillus probiotic 57:76 a Bacillus probiotic 57:76 Comparative effects of two multi-enzyme combinations and a Bacillus probiotic on growth performance, digestibility of energy and nutrients, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides, and gut microflora in broiler chickens. 29053809 8 101 theme total 1659:1663 arg1 flow 1671:1674 total tract flow 1659:1674 total tract flow of soluble and insoluble xylose 1659:1706 Supplementation with DFM+XAP reduced the ileal and total tract flow of insoluble arabinose and additionally total tract flow of soluble and insoluble xylose and total galactose (P < 0.05); similar effects of XA+DFM were not seen or were lower in magnitude, suggesting that the protease component plays an important role in increasing the availability of NSP for hydrolysis. 29053809 7 102 dep additive 1517:1524 arg1 greater 1504:1510 greater 1504:1510 greater 1504:1510 DFM+XAP improved apparent ileal digestible energy (AIDE), AID of fat and starch on d 22 to 42, and additionally had a greater than additive effect on AIDE and AMEn. 29053809 7 102 dep additive 1517:1524 arg1 than 1512:1515 than 1512:1515 than 1512:1515 DFM+XAP improved apparent ileal digestible energy (AIDE), AID of fat and starch on d 22 to 42, and additionally had a greater than additive effect on AIDE and AMEn. 29053809 0 103 theme combinations 40:51 arg1 effects 12:18 Comparative effects 0:18 Comparative effects of two multi-enzyme combinations and a Bacillus probiotic on growth performance, digestibility of energy and nutrients, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides, and gut microflora in broiler chickens. 0:223 Comparative effects of two multi-enzyme combinations and a Bacillus probiotic on growth performance, digestibility of energy and nutrients, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides, and gut microflora in broiler chickens. 29053809 1 104 theme probiotic 303:311 arg1 DFM 314:316 DFM 314:316 DFM 314:316 The efficacy of two exogenous enzyme combinations and a multi-strain Bacillus probiotic (DFM) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and gut microbial composition was investigated in broilers. 29053809 1 104 theme probiotic 303:311 arg1 multi-strain 281:292 a multi-strain 279:292 a multi-strain Bacillus probiotic (DFM) 279:317 The efficacy of two exogenous enzyme combinations and a multi-strain Bacillus probiotic (DFM) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and gut microbial composition was investigated in broilers. 29053809 8 105 theme soluble 1679:1685 arg1 xylose 1701:1706 soluble and insoluble xylose 1679:1706 soluble and insoluble xylose 1679:1706 Supplementation with DFM+XAP reduced the ileal and total tract flow of insoluble arabinose and additionally total tract flow of soluble and insoluble xylose and total galactose (P < 0.05); similar effects of XA+DFM were not seen or were lower in magnitude, suggesting that the protease component plays an important role in increasing the availability of NSP for hydrolysis. 29053809 8 106 theme insoluble 1691:1699 arg1 xylose 1701:1706 soluble and insoluble xylose 1679:1706 soluble and insoluble xylose 1679:1706 Supplementation with DFM+XAP reduced the ileal and total tract flow of insoluble arabinose and additionally total tract flow of soluble and insoluble xylose and total galactose (P < 0.05); similar effects of XA+DFM were not seen or were lower in magnitude, suggesting that the protease component plays an important role in increasing the availability of NSP for hydrolysis. 29053809 5 107 theme P 1214:1214 arg1 control 1205:1211 the control 1201:1211 the control (P < 0.05) 1201:1222 Supplementation with DFM increased BW, BWG, and FI compared with the CTL (P < 0.05); XAP, but not XA, resulted in increased final BW, BWG and FI compared to the control (P < 0.05). 29053809 5 107 theme P 1214:1214 arg1 < 1216:1216 P < 0.05 1214:1221 P < 0.05 1214:1221 Supplementation with DFM increased BW, BWG, and FI compared with the CTL (P < 0.05); XAP, but not XA, resulted in increased final BW, BWG and FI compared to the control (P < 0.05). 29053809 2 108 with birds/pen 541:549 arg1 Experiment 640:649 Experiment 2 640:651 Experiment 2 640:651 One-day old Ross 308 chicks were assigned to 36 pens with 22 birds/pen and 6 pens/treatment (Experiment 1) or 36 cages with 8 birds/cage and 6 cages/treatment (Experiment 2). 29053809 2 108 with birds/pen 541:549 arg1 birds/cage 606:615 8 birds/cage 604:615 8 birds/cage 604:615 One-day old Ross 308 chicks were assigned to 36 pens with 22 birds/pen and 6 pens/treatment (Experiment 1) or 36 cages with 8 birds/cage and 6 cages/treatment (Experiment 2). 29053809 2 108 with birds/pen 541:549 arg1 cages/treatment 623:637 6 cages/treatment 621:637 6 cages/treatment (Experiment 2) 621:652 One-day old Ross 308 chicks were assigned to 36 pens with 22 birds/pen and 6 pens/treatment (Experiment 1) or 36 cages with 8 birds/cage and 6 cages/treatment (Experiment 2). 28108080 3 0 theme different 744:752 arg1 composition 785:795 different initial and final mobile phase composition 744:795 different initial and final mobile phase composition 744:795 The maltooligosaccharides were separated on a packed column with carbamoyl-bonded silica stationary phase and 15 gradient profiles with different initial and final mobile phase composition were used with the gradient times 5; 7.5 and 10min. 28108080 4 1 theme retention 938:946 arg1 data 948:951 isocratic retention data 928:951 isocratic retention data 928:951 The predicted gradient retention times were compared for calculations based on isocratic retention data and gradient retention data, which provided better accuracy of the results. 28108080 6 2 theme 2-aminobenzoic 1247:1260 arg1 acid 1262:1265 2-aminobenzoic acid 1247:1265 2-aminobenzoic acid 1247:1265 The acidic derivatives, prepared by reaction of an oligosaccharide with 2-aminobenzoic acid or 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid, provided more accurate predictions of the retention data in comparison to native oligosaccharides or their neutral derivatives. 28108080 6 3 theme data 1365:1368 arg1 predictions 1336:1346 more accurate predictions 1322:1346 more accurate predictions of the retention data 1322:1368 The acidic derivatives, prepared by reaction of an oligosaccharide with 2-aminobenzoic acid or 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid, provided more accurate predictions of the retention data in comparison to native oligosaccharides or their neutral derivatives. 28108080 7 4 theme method 1588:1593 arg1 development 1595:1605 the method development 1584:1605 the method development 1584:1605 The oligomeric mixed-mode model allowed prediction of gradient retention times using only one gradient profile, which significantly speeded-up the method development. 28108080 7 5 theme gradient 1535:1542 arg1 profile 1544:1550 only one gradient profile 1526:1550 only one gradient profile 1526:1550 The oligomeric mixed-mode model allowed prediction of gradient retention times using only one gradient profile, which significantly speeded-up the method development. 28108080 3 6 theme mobile 772:777 arg1 composition 785:795 different initial and final mobile phase composition 744:795 different initial and final mobile phase composition 744:795 The maltooligosaccharides were separated on a packed column with carbamoyl-bonded silica stationary phase and 15 gradient profiles with different initial and final mobile phase composition were used with the gradient times 5; 7.5 and 10min. 28108080 3 7 with profiles 730:737 arg1 composition 785:795 different initial and final mobile phase composition 744:795 different initial and final mobile phase composition 744:795 The maltooligosaccharides were separated on a packed column with carbamoyl-bonded silica stationary phase and 15 gradient profiles with different initial and final mobile phase composition were used with the gradient times 5; 7.5 and 10min. 28108080 7 8 theme times 1514:1518 arg1 prediction 1481:1490 prediction 1481:1490 prediction of gradient retention times using only one gradient profile, which significantly speeded-up the method development 1481:1605 The oligomeric mixed-mode model allowed prediction of gradient retention times using only one gradient profile, which significantly speeded-up the method development. 28108080 2 9 theme native 434:439 arg1 maltooligosaccharides 441:461 native maltooligosaccharides 434:461 native maltooligosaccharides 434:461 The gradient retention times of native maltooligosaccharides and their fluorescent derivatives were predicted in the oligomeric series with number of monomeric glucose units in the range from two to seven. 28108080 0 10 theme oligosaccharides 136:151 arg1 separation 89:98 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic separation 42:98 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic separation of native and fluorescently labeled oligosaccharides 42:151 Prediction of gradient retention data for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic separation of native and fluorescently labeled oligosaccharides. 28108080 1 11 theme mixed-mode 218:227 arg1 model 239:243 mixed-mode retention model 218:243 mixed-mode retention model 218:243 In this work, we have investigated the predictive properties of mixed-mode retention model and oligomeric mixed-mode model, taking into account the contribution of monomeric units to the retention, in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. 28108080 3 12 used used 802:805 arg2 profiles 730:737 15 gradient profiles 718:737 15 gradient profiles with different initial and final mobile phase composition 718:795 The maltooligosaccharides were separated on a packed column with carbamoyl-bonded silica stationary phase and 15 gradient profiles with different initial and final mobile phase composition were used with the gradient times 5; 7.5 and 10min. 28108080 7 13 theme gradient 1495:1502 arg1 times 1514:1518 gradient retention times 1495:1518 gradient retention times using only one gradient profile, which significantly speeded-up the method development 1495:1605 The oligomeric mixed-mode model allowed prediction of gradient retention times using only one gradient profile, which significantly speeded-up the method development. 28108080 6 14 theme neutral 1420:1426 arg1 derivatives 1428:1438 their neutral derivatives 1414:1438 their neutral derivatives 1414:1438 The acidic derivatives, prepared by reaction of an oligosaccharide with 2-aminobenzoic acid or 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid, provided more accurate predictions of the retention data in comparison to native oligosaccharides or their neutral derivatives. 28108080 5 15 theme mobile 1132:1137 arg1 phases 1139:1144 mobile phases 1132:1144 mobile phases containing ammonium acetate 1132:1172 By comparing two different mobile phase additives, the more accurate retention times were predicted in mobile phases containing ammonium acetate. 28108080 1 16 theme model 239:243 arg1 properties 204:213 the predictive properties 189:213 the predictive properties of mixed-mode retention model and oligomeric mixed-mode model, taking into account the contribution of monomeric units to the retention, in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 189:399 In this work, we have investigated the predictive properties of mixed-mode retention model and oligomeric mixed-mode model, taking into account the contribution of monomeric units to the retention, in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. 28108080 5 17 theme accurate 1089:1096 arg1 times 1108:1112 the more accurate retention times 1080:1112 the more accurate retention times 1080:1112 By comparing two different mobile phase additives, the more accurate retention times were predicted in mobile phases containing ammonium acetate. 28108080 6 18 with reaction 1211:1218 arg1 acid 1262:1265 2-aminobenzoic acid 1247:1265 2-aminobenzoic acid 1247:1265 The acidic derivatives, prepared by reaction of an oligosaccharide with 2-aminobenzoic acid or 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid, provided more accurate predictions of the retention data in comparison to native oligosaccharides or their neutral derivatives. 28108080 6 18 with reaction 1211:1218 arg1 acid 1307:1310 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid 1270:1310 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid 1270:1310 The acidic derivatives, prepared by reaction of an oligosaccharide with 2-aminobenzoic acid or 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid, provided more accurate predictions of the retention data in comparison to native oligosaccharides or their neutral derivatives. 28108080 4 19 theme retention 966:974 arg1 data 976:979 gradient retention data 957:979 gradient retention data 957:979 The predicted gradient retention times were compared for calculations based on isocratic retention data and gradient retention data, which provided better accuracy of the results. 28108080 6 20 theme native 1387:1392 arg1 oligosaccharides 1394:1409 native oligosaccharides 1387:1409 native oligosaccharides 1387:1409 The acidic derivatives, prepared by reaction of an oligosaccharide with 2-aminobenzoic acid or 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid, provided more accurate predictions of the retention data in comparison to native oligosaccharides or their neutral derivatives. 28108080 3 21 theme carbamoyl-bonded 673:688 arg1 phase 708:712 carbamoyl-bonded silica stationary phase 673:712 carbamoyl-bonded silica stationary phase 673:712 The maltooligosaccharides were separated on a packed column with carbamoyl-bonded silica stationary phase and 15 gradient profiles with different initial and final mobile phase composition were used with the gradient times 5; 7.5 and 10min. 28108080 2 22 theme monomeric 552:560 arg1 units 570:574 monomeric glucose units 552:574 monomeric glucose units in the range from two to seven 552:605 The gradient retention times of native maltooligosaccharides and their fluorescent derivatives were predicted in the oligomeric series with number of monomeric glucose units in the range from two to seven. 28108080 7 23 theme oligomeric 1445:1454 arg1 model 1467:1471 The oligomeric mixed-mode model 1441:1471 The oligomeric mixed-mode model 1441:1471 The oligomeric mixed-mode model allowed prediction of gradient retention times using only one gradient profile, which significantly speeded-up the method development. 28108080 3 24 with column 661:666 arg1 phase 708:712 carbamoyl-bonded silica stationary phase 673:712 carbamoyl-bonded silica stationary phase 673:712 The maltooligosaccharides were separated on a packed column with carbamoyl-bonded silica stationary phase and 15 gradient profiles with different initial and final mobile phase composition were used with the gradient times 5; 7.5 and 10min. 28108080 2 25 with series 530:535 arg1 number 542:547 number 542:547 number of monomeric glucose units in the range from two to seven 542:605 The gradient retention times of native maltooligosaccharides and their fluorescent derivatives were predicted in the oligomeric series with number of monomeric glucose units in the range from two to seven. 28108080 1 26 theme hydrophilic 355:365 arg1 chromatography 386:399 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 355:399 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 355:399 In this work, we have investigated the predictive properties of mixed-mode retention model and oligomeric mixed-mode model, taking into account the contribution of monomeric units to the retention, in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. 28108080 0 27 theme native 103:108 arg1 oligosaccharides 136:151 native and fluorescently labeled oligosaccharides 103:151 native and fluorescently labeled oligosaccharides 103:151 Prediction of gradient retention data for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic separation of native and fluorescently labeled oligosaccharides. 28108080 3 28 dep times 825:829 arg1 10min 842:846 10min 842:846 10min 842:846 The maltooligosaccharides were separated on a packed column with carbamoyl-bonded silica stationary phase and 15 gradient profiles with different initial and final mobile phase composition were used with the gradient times 5; 7.5 and 10min. 28108080 3 28 dep times 825:829 arg1 7.5 834:836 7.5 834:836 7.5 834:836 The maltooligosaccharides were separated on a packed column with carbamoyl-bonded silica stationary phase and 15 gradient profiles with different initial and final mobile phase composition were used with the gradient times 5; 7.5 and 10min. 28108080 2 29 theme units 570:574 arg1 number 542:547 number 542:547 number of monomeric glucose units in the range from two to seven 542:605 The gradient retention times of native maltooligosaccharides and their fluorescent derivatives were predicted in the oligomeric series with number of monomeric glucose units in the range from two to seven. 28108080 2 30 theme retention 415:423 arg1 times 425:429 The gradient retention times 402:429 The gradient retention times of native maltooligosaccharides and their fluorescent derivatives 402:495 The gradient retention times of native maltooligosaccharides and their fluorescent derivatives were predicted in the oligomeric series with number of monomeric glucose units in the range from two to seven. 28108080 2 31 theme derivatives 485:495 arg1 times 425:429 The gradient retention times 402:429 The gradient retention times of native maltooligosaccharides and their fluorescent derivatives 402:495 The gradient retention times of native maltooligosaccharides and their fluorescent derivatives were predicted in the oligomeric series with number of monomeric glucose units in the range from two to seven. 28108080 0 32 theme gradient 14:21 arg1 data 33:36 gradient retention data 14:36 gradient retention data 14:36 Prediction of gradient retention data for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic separation of native and fluorescently labeled oligosaccharides. 28108080 6 33 theme oligosaccharide 1226:1240 arg1 reaction 1211:1218 reaction 1211:1218 reaction of an oligosaccharide with 2-aminobenzoic acid or 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid 1211:1310 The acidic derivatives, prepared by reaction of an oligosaccharide with 2-aminobenzoic acid or 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid, provided more accurate predictions of the retention data in comparison to native oligosaccharides or their neutral derivatives. 28108080 0 34 theme liquid 66:71 arg1 separation 89:98 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic separation 42:98 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic separation of native and fluorescently labeled oligosaccharides 42:151 Prediction of gradient retention data for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic separation of native and fluorescently labeled oligosaccharides. 28108080 4 35 theme gradient 863:870 arg1 times 882:886 The predicted gradient retention times 849:886 The predicted gradient retention times 849:886 The predicted gradient retention times were compared for calculations based on isocratic retention data and gradient retention data, which provided better accuracy of the results. 28108080 2 36 theme maltooligosaccharides 441:461 arg1 times 425:429 The gradient retention times 402:429 The gradient retention times of native maltooligosaccharides and their fluorescent derivatives 402:495 The gradient retention times of native maltooligosaccharides and their fluorescent derivatives were predicted in the oligomeric series with number of monomeric glucose units in the range from two to seven. 28108080 0 37 theme data 33:36 arg1 Prediction 0:9 Prediction 0:9 Prediction of gradient retention data for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic separation of native and fluorescently labeled oligosaccharides. 0:152 Prediction of gradient retention data for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic separation of native and fluorescently labeled oligosaccharides. 28108080 1 38 theme units 328:332 arg1 contribution 302:313 the contribution 298:313 the contribution of monomeric units to the retention 298:349 In this work, we have investigated the predictive properties of mixed-mode retention model and oligomeric mixed-mode model, taking into account the contribution of monomeric units to the retention, in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. 28108080 3 39 theme stationary 697:706 arg1 phase 708:712 carbamoyl-bonded silica stationary phase 673:712 carbamoyl-bonded silica stationary phase 673:712 The maltooligosaccharides were separated on a packed column with carbamoyl-bonded silica stationary phase and 15 gradient profiles with different initial and final mobile phase composition were used with the gradient times 5; 7.5 and 10min. 28108080 0 40 theme hydrophilic 42:52 arg1 separation 89:98 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic separation 42:98 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic separation of native and fluorescently labeled oligosaccharides 42:151 Prediction of gradient retention data for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic separation of native and fluorescently labeled oligosaccharides. 28108080 5 41 theme different 1046:1054 arg1 additives 1069:1077 two different mobile phase additives 1042:1077 two different mobile phase additives 1042:1077 By comparing two different mobile phase additives, the more accurate retention times were predicted in mobile phases containing ammonium acetate. 28108080 2 42 from range 583:587 arg1 number 542:547 number 542:547 number of monomeric glucose units in the range from two to seven 542:605 The gradient retention times of native maltooligosaccharides and their fluorescent derivatives were predicted in the oligomeric series with number of monomeric glucose units in the range from two to seven. 28108080 3 43 theme gradient 721:728 arg1 profiles 730:737 15 gradient profiles 718:737 15 gradient profiles with different initial and final mobile phase composition 718:795 The maltooligosaccharides were separated on a packed column with carbamoyl-bonded silica stationary phase and 15 gradient profiles with different initial and final mobile phase composition were used with the gradient times 5; 7.5 and 10min. 28108080 1 44 theme mixed-mode 260:269 arg1 model 271:275 oligomeric mixed-mode model 249:275 oligomeric mixed-mode model 249:275 In this work, we have investigated the predictive properties of mixed-mode retention model and oligomeric mixed-mode model, taking into account the contribution of monomeric units to the retention, in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. 28108080 2 45 dep seven 601:605 arg1 to 598:599 to 598:599 to 598:599 The gradient retention times of native maltooligosaccharides and their fluorescent derivatives were predicted in the oligomeric series with number of monomeric glucose units in the range from two to seven. 28108080 5 46 theme phase 1063:1067 arg1 additives 1069:1077 two different mobile phase additives 1042:1077 two different mobile phase additives 1042:1077 By comparing two different mobile phase additives, the more accurate retention times were predicted in mobile phases containing ammonium acetate. 28108080 3 47 theme final 766:770 arg1 composition 785:795 different initial and final mobile phase composition 744:795 different initial and final mobile phase composition 744:795 The maltooligosaccharides were separated on a packed column with carbamoyl-bonded silica stationary phase and 15 gradient profiles with different initial and final mobile phase composition were used with the gradient times 5; 7.5 and 10min. 28108080 2 48 from seven 601:605 arg1 units 570:574 monomeric glucose units 552:574 monomeric glucose units in the range from two to seven 552:605 The gradient retention times of native maltooligosaccharides and their fluorescent derivatives were predicted in the oligomeric series with number of monomeric glucose units in the range from two to seven. 28108080 2 48 from seven 601:605 arg1 range 583:587 the range 579:587 the range from two to seven 579:605 The gradient retention times of native maltooligosaccharides and their fluorescent derivatives were predicted in the oligomeric series with number of monomeric glucose units in the range from two to seven. 28108080 3 49 theme initial 754:760 arg1 composition 785:795 different initial and final mobile phase composition 744:795 different initial and final mobile phase composition 744:795 The maltooligosaccharides were separated on a packed column with carbamoyl-bonded silica stationary phase and 15 gradient profiles with different initial and final mobile phase composition were used with the gradient times 5; 7.5 and 10min. 28108080 4 50 theme isocratic 928:936 arg1 data 948:951 isocratic retention data 928:951 isocratic retention data 928:951 The predicted gradient retention times were compared for calculations based on isocratic retention data and gradient retention data, which provided better accuracy of the results. 28108080 6 51 theme retention 1355:1363 arg1 data 1365:1368 the retention data 1351:1368 the retention data 1351:1368 The acidic derivatives, prepared by reaction of an oligosaccharide with 2-aminobenzoic acid or 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid, provided more accurate predictions of the retention data in comparison to native oligosaccharides or their neutral derivatives. 28108080 3 52 theme phase 779:783 arg1 composition 785:795 different initial and final mobile phase composition 744:795 different initial and final mobile phase composition 744:795 The maltooligosaccharides were separated on a packed column with carbamoyl-bonded silica stationary phase and 15 gradient profiles with different initial and final mobile phase composition were used with the gradient times 5; 7.5 and 10min. 28108080 1 53 theme predictive 193:202 arg1 properties 204:213 the predictive properties 189:213 the predictive properties of mixed-mode retention model and oligomeric mixed-mode model, taking into account the contribution of monomeric units to the retention, in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 189:399 In this work, we have investigated the predictive properties of mixed-mode retention model and oligomeric mixed-mode model, taking into account the contribution of monomeric units to the retention, in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. 28108080 3 54 theme gradient 816:823 arg1 times 825:829 the gradient times 5; 7.5 and 10min 812:846 the gradient times 5; 7.5 and 10min 812:846 The maltooligosaccharides were separated on a packed column with carbamoyl-bonded silica stationary phase and 15 gradient profiles with different initial and final mobile phase composition were used with the gradient times 5; 7.5 and 10min. 28108080 2 55 from number 542:547 arg1 range 583:587 the range 579:587 the range from two to seven 579:605 The gradient retention times of native maltooligosaccharides and their fluorescent derivatives were predicted in the oligomeric series with number of monomeric glucose units in the range from two to seven. 28108080 1 56 theme retention 229:237 arg1 model 239:243 mixed-mode retention model 218:243 mixed-mode retention model 218:243 In this work, we have investigated the predictive properties of mixed-mode retention model and oligomeric mixed-mode model, taking into account the contribution of monomeric units to the retention, in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. 28108080 7 57 theme retention 1504:1512 arg1 times 1514:1518 gradient retention times 1495:1518 gradient retention times using only one gradient profile, which significantly speeded-up the method development 1495:1605 The oligomeric mixed-mode model allowed prediction of gradient retention times using only one gradient profile, which significantly speeded-up the method development. 28108080 2 58 from units 570:574 arg1 range 583:587 the range 579:587 the range from two to seven 579:605 The gradient retention times of native maltooligosaccharides and their fluorescent derivatives were predicted in the oligomeric series with number of monomeric glucose units in the range from two to seven. 28108080 2 58 from units 570:574 arg1 seven 601:605 seven 601:605 seven 601:605 The gradient retention times of native maltooligosaccharides and their fluorescent derivatives were predicted in the oligomeric series with number of monomeric glucose units in the range from two to seven. 28108080 5 59 theme retention 1098:1106 arg1 times 1108:1112 the more accurate retention times 1080:1112 the more accurate retention times 1080:1112 By comparing two different mobile phase additives, the more accurate retention times were predicted in mobile phases containing ammonium acetate. 28108080 4 60 theme gradient 957:964 arg1 data 976:979 gradient retention data 957:979 gradient retention data 957:979 The predicted gradient retention times were compared for calculations based on isocratic retention data and gradient retention data, which provided better accuracy of the results. 28108080 6 61 theme 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic 1270:1305 arg1 acid 1307:1310 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid 1270:1310 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid 1270:1310 The acidic derivatives, prepared by reaction of an oligosaccharide with 2-aminobenzoic acid or 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid, provided more accurate predictions of the retention data in comparison to native oligosaccharides or their neutral derivatives. 28108080 0 62 theme chromatographic 73:87 arg1 separation 89:98 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic separation 42:98 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic separation of native and fluorescently labeled oligosaccharides 42:151 Prediction of gradient retention data for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic separation of native and fluorescently labeled oligosaccharides. 28108080 3 63 theme packed 654:659 arg1 column 661:666 a packed column 652:666 a packed column with carbamoyl-bonded silica stationary phase 652:712 The maltooligosaccharides were separated on a packed column with carbamoyl-bonded silica stationary phase and 15 gradient profiles with different initial and final mobile phase composition were used with the gradient times 5; 7.5 and 10min. 28108080 1 64 from properties 204:213 arg1 chromatography 386:399 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 355:399 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 355:399 In this work, we have investigated the predictive properties of mixed-mode retention model and oligomeric mixed-mode model, taking into account the contribution of monomeric units to the retention, in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. 28108080 4 65 theme results 1020:1026 arg1 accuracy 1004:1011 better accuracy 997:1011 better accuracy of the results 997:1026 The predicted gradient retention times were compared for calculations based on isocratic retention data and gradient retention data, which provided better accuracy of the results. 28108080 7 66 theme mixed-mode 1456:1465 arg1 model 1467:1471 The oligomeric mixed-mode model 1441:1471 The oligomeric mixed-mode model 1441:1471 The oligomeric mixed-mode model allowed prediction of gradient retention times using only one gradient profile, which significantly speeded-up the method development. 28108080 1 67 theme liquid 379:384 arg1 chromatography 386:399 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 355:399 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 355:399 In this work, we have investigated the predictive properties of mixed-mode retention model and oligomeric mixed-mode model, taking into account the contribution of monomeric units to the retention, in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. 28108080 1 68 theme interaction 367:377 arg1 chromatography 386:399 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 355:399 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 355:399 In this work, we have investigated the predictive properties of mixed-mode retention model and oligomeric mixed-mode model, taking into account the contribution of monomeric units to the retention, in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. 28108080 4 69 theme better 997:1002 arg1 accuracy 1004:1011 better accuracy 997:1011 better accuracy of the results 997:1026 The predicted gradient retention times were compared for calculations based on isocratic retention data and gradient retention data, which provided better accuracy of the results. 28108080 0 70 theme labeled 128:134 arg1 oligosaccharides 136:151 native and fluorescently labeled oligosaccharides 103:151 native and fluorescently labeled oligosaccharides 103:151 Prediction of gradient retention data for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic separation of native and fluorescently labeled oligosaccharides. 28108080 5 71 theme ammonium 1157:1164 arg1 acetate 1166:1172 ammonium acetate 1157:1172 ammonium acetate 1157:1172 By comparing two different mobile phase additives, the more accurate retention times were predicted in mobile phases containing ammonium acetate. 28108080 5 72 contain containing 1146:1155 arg2 acetate 1166:1172 ammonium acetate 1157:1172 ammonium acetate 1157:1172 By comparing two different mobile phase additives, the more accurate retention times were predicted in mobile phases containing ammonium acetate. 28108080 5 72 contain containing 1146:1155 arg1 phases 1139:1144 mobile phases 1132:1144 mobile phases containing ammonium acetate 1132:1172 By comparing two different mobile phase additives, the more accurate retention times were predicted in mobile phases containing ammonium acetate. 28108080 2 73 theme gradient 406:413 arg1 times 425:429 The gradient retention times 402:429 The gradient retention times of native maltooligosaccharides and their fluorescent derivatives 402:495 The gradient retention times of native maltooligosaccharides and their fluorescent derivatives were predicted in the oligomeric series with number of monomeric glucose units in the range from two to seven. 28108080 0 74 theme retention 23:31 arg1 data 33:36 gradient retention data 14:36 gradient retention data 14:36 Prediction of gradient retention data for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic separation of native and fluorescently labeled oligosaccharides. 28108080 6 75 theme accurate 1327:1334 arg1 predictions 1336:1346 more accurate predictions 1322:1346 more accurate predictions of the retention data 1322:1368 The acidic derivatives, prepared by reaction of an oligosaccharide with 2-aminobenzoic acid or 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid, provided more accurate predictions of the retention data in comparison to native oligosaccharides or their neutral derivatives. 28108080 2 76 theme fluorescent 473:483 arg1 derivatives 485:495 their fluorescent derivatives 467:495 their fluorescent derivatives 467:495 The gradient retention times of native maltooligosaccharides and their fluorescent derivatives were predicted in the oligomeric series with number of monomeric glucose units in the range from two to seven. 28108080 1 77 theme monomeric 318:326 arg1 units 328:332 monomeric units 318:332 monomeric units 318:332 In this work, we have investigated the predictive properties of mixed-mode retention model and oligomeric mixed-mode model, taking into account the contribution of monomeric units to the retention, in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. 28108080 2 78 theme oligomeric 519:528 arg1 series 530:535 the oligomeric series 515:535 the oligomeric series with number of monomeric glucose units in the range from two to seven 515:605 The gradient retention times of native maltooligosaccharides and their fluorescent derivatives were predicted in the oligomeric series with number of monomeric glucose units in the range from two to seven. 28108080 3 79 theme silica 690:695 arg1 phase 708:712 carbamoyl-bonded silica stationary phase 673:712 carbamoyl-bonded silica stationary phase 673:712 The maltooligosaccharides were separated on a packed column with carbamoyl-bonded silica stationary phase and 15 gradient profiles with different initial and final mobile phase composition were used with the gradient times 5; 7.5 and 10min. 28108080 4 80 theme predicted 853:861 arg1 times 882:886 The predicted gradient retention times 849:886 The predicted gradient retention times 849:886 The predicted gradient retention times were compared for calculations based on isocratic retention data and gradient retention data, which provided better accuracy of the results. 28108080 2 81 theme glucose 562:568 arg1 units 570:574 monomeric glucose units 552:574 monomeric glucose units in the range from two to seven 552:605 The gradient retention times of native maltooligosaccharides and their fluorescent derivatives were predicted in the oligomeric series with number of monomeric glucose units in the range from two to seven. 28108080 0 82 theme interaction 54:64 arg1 separation 89:98 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic separation 42:98 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic separation of native and fluorescently labeled oligosaccharides 42:151 Prediction of gradient retention data for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic separation of native and fluorescently labeled oligosaccharides. 28108080 4 83 theme retention 872:880 arg1 times 882:886 The predicted gradient retention times 849:886 The predicted gradient retention times 849:886 The predicted gradient retention times were compared for calculations based on isocratic retention data and gradient retention data, which provided better accuracy of the results. 28108080 6 84 theme acidic 1179:1184 arg1 derivatives 1186:1196 The acidic derivatives 1175:1196 The acidic derivatives 1175:1196 The acidic derivatives, prepared by reaction of an oligosaccharide with 2-aminobenzoic acid or 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid, provided more accurate predictions of the retention data in comparison to native oligosaccharides or their neutral derivatives. 28108080 1 85 theme oligomeric 249:258 arg1 model 271:275 oligomeric mixed-mode model 249:275 oligomeric mixed-mode model 249:275 In this work, we have investigated the predictive properties of mixed-mode retention model and oligomeric mixed-mode model, taking into account the contribution of monomeric units to the retention, in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. 28108080 5 86 theme mobile 1056:1061 arg1 additives 1069:1077 two different mobile phase additives 1042:1077 two different mobile phase additives 1042:1077 By comparing two different mobile phase additives, the more accurate retention times were predicted in mobile phases containing ammonium acetate. 28108080 1 87 theme model 271:275 arg1 properties 204:213 the predictive properties 189:213 the predictive properties of mixed-mode retention model and oligomeric mixed-mode model, taking into account the contribution of monomeric units to the retention, in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 189:399 In this work, we have investigated the predictive properties of mixed-mode retention model and oligomeric mixed-mode model, taking into account the contribution of monomeric units to the retention, in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. 24587722 6 0 theme predicted 884:892 arg1 data 894:897 predicted data 884:897 predicted data 884:897 The adequacy of the model was investigated by the correlation between experimental and predicted data of the adsorption and the calculation of prediction errors. 24587722 4 1 theme quadratic 668:676 arg1 model 678:682 a quadratic model 666:682 a quadratic model 666:682 To anticipate the responses, a quadratic model was applied. 24587722 1 2 theme dye 256:258 arg1 removal 232:238 the removal 228:238 the removal of Acid Black 1 dye from aquatic phases 228:278 Chitosan/feldspar biobased beads were synthesized, characterized, and tested for the removal of Acid Black 1 dye from aquatic phases. 24587722 1 3 from phases 273:278 arg1 removal 232:238 the removal 228:238 the removal of Acid Black 1 dye from aquatic phases 228:278 Chitosan/feldspar biobased beads were synthesized, characterized, and tested for the removal of Acid Black 1 dye from aquatic phases. 24587722 2 4 dep adsorbent 437:445 arg1 composite 466:474 composite 466:474 composite 466:474 A four-factor central composite design (CCD) accompanied by response surface modeling (RSM) and optimization was used to optimize the dye adsorption by the adsorbent (chitosan/feldspar composite) in 31 different batch experiments. 24587722 2 5 theme surface 350:356 arg1 modeling 358:365 response surface modeling 341:365 response surface modeling (RSM) 341:371 A four-factor central composite design (CCD) accompanied by response surface modeling (RSM) and optimization was used to optimize the dye adsorption by the adsorbent (chitosan/feldspar composite) in 31 different batch experiments. 24587722 2 5 theme surface 350:356 arg1 RSM 368:370 RSM 368:370 RSM 368:370 A four-factor central composite design (CCD) accompanied by response surface modeling (RSM) and optimization was used to optimize the dye adsorption by the adsorbent (chitosan/feldspar composite) in 31 different batch experiments. 24587722 8 6 theme dye 1256:1258 arg1 behaviors 1239:1247 adsorption behaviors 1228:1247 adsorption behaviors of the dye 1228:1258 In addition, the results of adsorption behaviors of the dye illustrated that the adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. 24587722 0 7 theme process 108:114 arg1 optimization 81:92 optimization 81:92 Preparation and characterization of chitosan/feldspar biohybrid as an adsorbent: optimization of adsorption process via response surface modeling. 0:145 Preparation and characterization of chitosan/feldspar biohybrid as an adsorbent: optimization of adsorption process via response surface modeling. 24587722 2 8 theme central 295:301 arg1 design 313:318 A four-factor central composite design 281:318 A four-factor central composite design (CCD) accompanied by response surface modeling (RSM) and optimization 281:388 A four-factor central composite design (CCD) accompanied by response surface modeling (RSM) and optimization was used to optimize the dye adsorption by the adsorbent (chitosan/feldspar composite) in 31 different batch experiments. 24587722 2 8 theme central 295:301 arg1 CCD 321:323 CCD 321:323 CCD 321:323 A four-factor central composite design (CCD) accompanied by response surface modeling (RSM) and optimization was used to optimize the dye adsorption by the adsorbent (chitosan/feldspar composite) in 31 different batch experiments. 24587722 1 9 theme aquatic 265:271 arg1 phases 273:278 aquatic phases 265:278 aquatic phases 265:278 Chitosan/feldspar biobased beads were synthesized, characterized, and tested for the removal of Acid Black 1 dye from aquatic phases. 24587722 0 10 theme adsorption 97:106 arg1 process 108:114 adsorption process 97:114 adsorption process 97:114 Preparation and characterization of chitosan/feldspar biohybrid as an adsorbent: optimization of adsorption process via response surface modeling. 24587722 8 11 theme adsorption 1281:1290 arg1 process 1292:1298 the adsorption process 1277:1298 the adsorption process 1277:1298 In addition, the results of adsorption behaviors of the dye illustrated that the adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. 24587722 2 12 theme four-factor 283:293 arg1 design 313:318 A four-factor central composite design 281:318 A four-factor central composite design (CCD) accompanied by response surface modeling (RSM) and optimization 281:388 A four-factor central composite design (CCD) accompanied by response surface modeling (RSM) and optimization was used to optimize the dye adsorption by the adsorbent (chitosan/feldspar composite) in 31 different batch experiments. 24587722 2 12 theme four-factor 283:293 arg1 CCD 321:323 CCD 321:323 CCD 321:323 A four-factor central composite design (CCD) accompanied by response surface modeling (RSM) and optimization was used to optimize the dye adsorption by the adsorbent (chitosan/feldspar composite) in 31 different batch experiments. 24587722 6 13 theme errors 951:956 arg1 correlation 847:857 the correlation 843:857 the correlation between experimental and predicted data of the adsorption 843:915 The adequacy of the model was investigated by the correlation between experimental and predicted data of the adsorption and the calculation of prediction errors. 24587722 6 13 theme errors 951:956 arg1 calculation 925:935 the calculation 921:935 the calculation of prediction errors 921:956 The adequacy of the model was investigated by the correlation between experimental and predicted data of the adsorption and the calculation of prediction errors. 24587722 0 14 theme response 120:127 arg1 modeling 137:144 response surface modeling 120:144 response surface modeling 120:144 Preparation and characterization of chitosan/feldspar biohybrid as an adsorbent: optimization of adsorption process via response surface modeling. 24587722 2 15 from adsorbent 437:445 arg1 experiments 499:509 31 different batch experiments 480:509 31 different batch experiments 480:509 A four-factor central composite design (CCD) accompanied by response surface modeling (RSM) and optimization was used to optimize the dye adsorption by the adsorbent (chitosan/feldspar composite) in 31 different batch experiments. 24587722 2 16 theme batch 493:497 arg1 experiments 499:509 31 different batch experiments 480:509 31 different batch experiments 480:509 A four-factor central composite design (CCD) accompanied by response surface modeling (RSM) and optimization was used to optimize the dye adsorption by the adsorbent (chitosan/feldspar composite) in 31 different batch experiments. 24587722 7 17 theme concentration 1103:1115 arg1 conditions 1055:1064 the optimum conditions 1043:1064 the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) 1043:1147 The results showed that the predicted maximum adsorption amount of 21.63 mg/g under the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) was close to the experimental value of 19.85 mg/g. 24587722 7 17 theme concentration 1103:1115 arg1 125 mg/L 1117:1124 initial dye concentration 125 mg/L 1091:1124 initial dye concentration 125 mg/L 1091:1124 The results showed that the predicted maximum adsorption amount of 21.63 mg/g under the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) was close to the experimental value of 19.85 mg/g. 24587722 7 18 theme optimum 1047:1053 arg1 pH 1067:1068 pH 3 1067:1070 pH 3 1067:1070 The results showed that the predicted maximum adsorption amount of 21.63 mg/g under the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) was close to the experimental value of 19.85 mg/g. 24587722 7 18 theme optimum 1047:1053 arg1 temperature 1073:1083 temperature 15°C 1073:1088 temperature 15°C 1073:1088 The results showed that the predicted maximum adsorption amount of 21.63 mg/g under the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) was close to the experimental value of 19.85 mg/g. 24587722 7 18 theme optimum 1047:1053 arg1 conditions 1055:1064 the optimum conditions 1043:1064 the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) 1043:1147 The results showed that the predicted maximum adsorption amount of 21.63 mg/g under the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) was close to the experimental value of 19.85 mg/g. 24587722 7 18 theme optimum 1047:1053 arg1 125 mg/L 1117:1124 initial dye concentration 125 mg/L 1091:1124 initial dye concentration 125 mg/L 1091:1124 The results showed that the predicted maximum adsorption amount of 21.63 mg/g under the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) was close to the experimental value of 19.85 mg/g. 24587722 7 18 theme optimum 1047:1053 arg1 0.2 g/50 mL 1136:1146 dose 0.2 g/50 mL 1131:1146 dose 0.2 g/50 mL 1131:1146 The results showed that the predicted maximum adsorption amount of 21.63 mg/g under the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) was close to the experimental value of 19.85 mg/g. 24587722 5 19 theme variance 709:716 arg1 Analysis 697:704 Analysis 697:704 Analysis of variance (ANOVA) 697:724 Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tested the significance of the process factors and their interactions. 24587722 5 20 theme factors 765:771 arg1 significance 737:748 the significance 733:748 the significance of the process factors and their interactions 733:794 Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tested the significance of the process factors and their interactions. 24587722 7 21 theme experimental 1166:1177 arg1 amount 1016:1021 the predicted maximum adsorption amount 983:1021 the predicted maximum adsorption amount of 21.63 mg/g under the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) 983:1147 The results showed that the predicted maximum adsorption amount of 21.63 mg/g under the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) was close to the experimental value of 19.85 mg/g. 24587722 7 21 theme experimental 1166:1177 arg1 value 1179:1183 the experimental value 1162:1183 the experimental value of 19.85 mg/g 1162:1197 The results showed that the predicted maximum adsorption amount of 21.63 mg/g under the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) was close to the experimental value of 19.85 mg/g. 24587722 7 21 theme experimental 1166:1177 arg1 21.63 mg/g 1026:1035 21.63 mg/g 1026:1035 21.63 mg/g 1026:1035 The results showed that the predicted maximum adsorption amount of 21.63 mg/g under the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) was close to the experimental value of 19.85 mg/g. 24587722 3 22 theme initial 554:560 arg1 concentration 566:578 initial dye concentration 554:578 initial dye concentration 554:578 Independent variables of temperature, pH, initial dye concentration, and adsorbent dose were used to change to coded values. 24587722 7 23 theme dose 1131:1134 arg1 conditions 1055:1064 the optimum conditions 1043:1064 the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) 1043:1147 The results showed that the predicted maximum adsorption amount of 21.63 mg/g under the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) was close to the experimental value of 19.85 mg/g. 24587722 7 23 theme dose 1131:1134 arg1 0.2 g/50 mL 1136:1146 dose 0.2 g/50 mL 1131:1146 dose 0.2 g/50 mL 1131:1146 The results showed that the predicted maximum adsorption amount of 21.63 mg/g under the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) was close to the experimental value of 19.85 mg/g. 24587722 6 24 theme prediction 940:949 arg1 errors 951:956 prediction errors 940:956 prediction errors 940:956 The adequacy of the model was investigated by the correlation between experimental and predicted data of the adsorption and the calculation of prediction errors. 24587722 8 25 theme behaviors 1239:1247 arg1 results 1217:1223 the results 1213:1223 the results of adsorption behaviors of the dye 1213:1258 In addition, the results of adsorption behaviors of the dye illustrated that the adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. 24587722 3 26 theme dye 562:564 arg1 concentration 566:578 initial dye concentration 554:578 initial dye concentration 554:578 Independent variables of temperature, pH, initial dye concentration, and adsorbent dose were used to change to coded values. 24587722 10 27 theme thermodynamic 1444:1456 arg1 parameters 1458:1467 thermodynamic parameters 1444:1467 thermodynamic parameters 1444:1467 Besides, thermodynamic parameters were evaluated and revealed that the adsorption process was exothermic and favourable. 24587722 7 28 dep conditions 1055:1064 arg1 pH 1067:1068 pH 3 1067:1070 pH 3 1067:1070 The results showed that the predicted maximum adsorption amount of 21.63 mg/g under the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) was close to the experimental value of 19.85 mg/g. 24587722 7 28 dep conditions 1055:1064 arg1 temperature 1073:1083 temperature 15°C 1073:1088 temperature 15°C 1073:1088 The results showed that the predicted maximum adsorption amount of 21.63 mg/g under the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) was close to the experimental value of 19.85 mg/g. 24587722 7 28 dep conditions 1055:1064 arg1 conditions 1055:1064 the optimum conditions 1043:1064 the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) 1043:1147 The results showed that the predicted maximum adsorption amount of 21.63 mg/g under the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) was close to the experimental value of 19.85 mg/g. 24587722 7 28 dep conditions 1055:1064 arg1 125 mg/L 1117:1124 initial dye concentration 125 mg/L 1091:1124 initial dye concentration 125 mg/L 1091:1124 The results showed that the predicted maximum adsorption amount of 21.63 mg/g under the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) was close to the experimental value of 19.85 mg/g. 24587722 7 28 dep conditions 1055:1064 arg1 0.2 g/50 mL 1136:1146 dose 0.2 g/50 mL 1131:1146 dose 0.2 g/50 mL 1131:1146 The results showed that the predicted maximum adsorption amount of 21.63 mg/g under the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) was close to the experimental value of 19.85 mg/g. 24587722 3 29 theme pH 550:551 arg1 variables 524:532 Independent variables 512:532 Independent variables of temperature, pH, initial dye concentration, and adsorbent dose 512:598 Independent variables of temperature, pH, initial dye concentration, and adsorbent dose were used to change to coded values. 24587722 2 30 theme dye 415:417 arg1 adsorption 419:428 the dye adsorption 411:428 the dye adsorption 411:428 A four-factor central composite design (CCD) accompanied by response surface modeling (RSM) and optimization was used to optimize the dye adsorption by the adsorbent (chitosan/feldspar composite) in 31 different batch experiments. 24587722 0 31 theme surface 129:135 arg1 modeling 137:144 response surface modeling 120:144 response surface modeling 120:144 Preparation and characterization of chitosan/feldspar biohybrid as an adsorbent: optimization of adsorption process via response surface modeling. 24587722 3 32 theme coded 623:627 arg1 values 629:634 coded values 623:634 coded values 623:634 Independent variables of temperature, pH, initial dye concentration, and adsorbent dose were used to change to coded values. 24587722 2 33 theme composite 303:311 arg1 design 313:318 A four-factor central composite design 281:318 A four-factor central composite design (CCD) accompanied by response surface modeling (RSM) and optimization 281:388 A four-factor central composite design (CCD) accompanied by response surface modeling (RSM) and optimization was used to optimize the dye adsorption by the adsorbent (chitosan/feldspar composite) in 31 different batch experiments. 24587722 2 33 theme composite 303:311 arg1 CCD 321:323 CCD 321:323 CCD 321:323 A four-factor central composite design (CCD) accompanied by response surface modeling (RSM) and optimization was used to optimize the dye adsorption by the adsorbent (chitosan/feldspar composite) in 31 different batch experiments. 24587722 8 34 theme isotherm 1322:1329 arg1 model 1331:1335 the Langmuir isotherm model 1309:1335 the Langmuir isotherm model 1309:1335 In addition, the results of adsorption behaviors of the dye illustrated that the adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. 24587722 0 35 theme biohybrid 54:62 arg1 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 Preparation and characterization of chitosan/feldspar biohybrid as an adsorbent: optimization of adsorption process via response surface modeling. 24587722 0 35 theme biohybrid 54:62 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and characterization of chitosan/feldspar biohybrid as an adsorbent: optimization of adsorption process via response surface modeling. 24587722 7 36 theme 21.63 mg/g 1026:1035 arg1 amount 1016:1021 the predicted maximum adsorption amount 983:1021 the predicted maximum adsorption amount of 21.63 mg/g under the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) 983:1147 The results showed that the predicted maximum adsorption amount of 21.63 mg/g under the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) was close to the experimental value of 19.85 mg/g. 24587722 7 36 theme 21.63 mg/g 1026:1035 arg1 value 1179:1183 the experimental value 1162:1183 the experimental value of 19.85 mg/g 1162:1197 The results showed that the predicted maximum adsorption amount of 21.63 mg/g under the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) was close to the experimental value of 19.85 mg/g. 24587722 7 36 theme 21.63 mg/g 1026:1035 arg1 21.63 mg/g 1026:1035 21.63 mg/g 1026:1035 21.63 mg/g 1026:1035 The results showed that the predicted maximum adsorption amount of 21.63 mg/g under the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) was close to the experimental value of 19.85 mg/g. 24587722 8 37 theme pseudo-second-order 1345:1363 arg1 model 1373:1377 the pseudo-second-order kinetic model 1341:1377 the pseudo-second-order kinetic model 1341:1377 In addition, the results of adsorption behaviors of the dye illustrated that the adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. 24587722 0 38 theme chitosan/feldspar 36:52 arg1 biohybrid 54:62 chitosan/feldspar biohybrid 36:62 chitosan/feldspar biohybrid as an adsorbent 36:78 Preparation and characterization of chitosan/feldspar biohybrid as an adsorbent: optimization of adsorption process via response surface modeling. 24587722 9 39 theme Langmuir 1380:1387 arg1 capacity 1398:1405 Langmuir sorption capacity 1380:1405 Langmuir sorption capacity 1380:1405 Langmuir sorption capacity was found to be 17.86 mg/g. 24587722 6 40 theme model 817:821 arg1 adequacy 801:808 The adequacy 797:808 The adequacy of the model 797:821 The adequacy of the model was investigated by the correlation between experimental and predicted data of the adsorption and the calculation of prediction errors. 24587722 3 41 theme adsorbent 585:593 arg1 dose 595:598 adsorbent dose 585:598 adsorbent dose 585:598 Independent variables of temperature, pH, initial dye concentration, and adsorbent dose were used to change to coded values. 24587722 2 42 used used 394:397 arg2 CCD 321:323 CCD 321:323 CCD 321:323 A four-factor central composite design (CCD) accompanied by response surface modeling (RSM) and optimization was used to optimize the dye adsorption by the adsorbent (chitosan/feldspar composite) in 31 different batch experiments. 24587722 2 42 used used 394:397 arg2 design 313:318 A four-factor central composite design 281:318 A four-factor central composite design (CCD) accompanied by response surface modeling (RSM) and optimization 281:388 A four-factor central composite design (CCD) accompanied by response surface modeling (RSM) and optimization was used to optimize the dye adsorption by the adsorbent (chitosan/feldspar composite) in 31 different batch experiments. 24587722 10 43 theme adsorption 1506:1515 arg1 exothermic 1529:1538 exothermic 1529:1538 exothermic 1529:1538 Besides, thermodynamic parameters were evaluated and revealed that the adsorption process was exothermic and favourable. 24587722 10 43 theme adsorption 1506:1515 arg1 process 1517:1523 the adsorption process 1502:1523 the adsorption process 1502:1523 Besides, thermodynamic parameters were evaluated and revealed that the adsorption process was exothermic and favourable. 24587722 7 44 theme initial 1091:1097 arg1 conditions 1055:1064 the optimum conditions 1043:1064 the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) 1043:1147 The results showed that the predicted maximum adsorption amount of 21.63 mg/g under the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) was close to the experimental value of 19.85 mg/g. 24587722 7 44 theme initial 1091:1097 arg1 125 mg/L 1117:1124 initial dye concentration 125 mg/L 1091:1124 initial dye concentration 125 mg/L 1091:1124 The results showed that the predicted maximum adsorption amount of 21.63 mg/g under the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) was close to the experimental value of 19.85 mg/g. 24587722 6 45 theme adsorption 906:915 arg1 experimental 867:878 experimental 867:878 experimental 867:878 The adequacy of the model was investigated by the correlation between experimental and predicted data of the adsorption and the calculation of prediction errors. 24587722 5 46 theme interactions 783:794 arg1 significance 737:748 the significance 733:748 the significance of the process factors and their interactions 733:794 Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tested the significance of the process factors and their interactions. 24587722 3 47 theme concentration 566:578 arg1 variables 524:532 Independent variables 512:532 Independent variables of temperature, pH, initial dye concentration, and adsorbent dose 512:598 Independent variables of temperature, pH, initial dye concentration, and adsorbent dose were used to change to coded values. 24587722 7 48 theme predicted 987:995 arg1 amount 1016:1021 the predicted maximum adsorption amount 983:1021 the predicted maximum adsorption amount of 21.63 mg/g under the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) 983:1147 The results showed that the predicted maximum adsorption amount of 21.63 mg/g under the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) was close to the experimental value of 19.85 mg/g. 24587722 7 48 theme predicted 987:995 arg1 value 1179:1183 the experimental value 1162:1183 the experimental value of 19.85 mg/g 1162:1197 The results showed that the predicted maximum adsorption amount of 21.63 mg/g under the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) was close to the experimental value of 19.85 mg/g. 24587722 7 48 theme predicted 987:995 arg1 21.63 mg/g 1026:1035 21.63 mg/g 1026:1035 21.63 mg/g 1026:1035 The results showed that the predicted maximum adsorption amount of 21.63 mg/g under the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) was close to the experimental value of 19.85 mg/g. 24587722 2 49 theme response 341:348 arg1 modeling 358:365 response surface modeling 341:365 response surface modeling (RSM) 341:371 A four-factor central composite design (CCD) accompanied by response surface modeling (RSM) and optimization was used to optimize the dye adsorption by the adsorbent (chitosan/feldspar composite) in 31 different batch experiments. 24587722 2 49 theme response 341:348 arg1 RSM 368:370 RSM 368:370 RSM 368:370 A four-factor central composite design (CCD) accompanied by response surface modeling (RSM) and optimization was used to optimize the dye adsorption by the adsorbent (chitosan/feldspar composite) in 31 different batch experiments. 24587722 5 50 theme process 757:763 arg1 factors 765:771 the process factors 753:771 the process factors 753:771 Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tested the significance of the process factors and their interactions. 24587722 2 51 from experiments 499:509 arg1 adsorbent 437:445 adsorbent 437:445 adsorbent 437:445 A four-factor central composite design (CCD) accompanied by response surface modeling (RSM) and optimization was used to optimize the dye adsorption by the adsorbent (chitosan/feldspar composite) in 31 different batch experiments. 24587722 8 52 theme kinetic 1365:1371 arg1 model 1373:1377 the pseudo-second-order kinetic model 1341:1377 the pseudo-second-order kinetic model 1341:1377 In addition, the results of adsorption behaviors of the dye illustrated that the adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. 24587722 8 53 theme adsorption 1228:1237 arg1 behaviors 1239:1247 adsorption behaviors 1228:1247 adsorption behaviors of the dye 1228:1258 In addition, the results of adsorption behaviors of the dye illustrated that the adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. 24587722 7 54 theme maximum 997:1003 arg1 amount 1016:1021 the predicted maximum adsorption amount 983:1021 the predicted maximum adsorption amount of 21.63 mg/g under the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) 983:1147 The results showed that the predicted maximum adsorption amount of 21.63 mg/g under the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) was close to the experimental value of 19.85 mg/g. 24587722 7 54 theme maximum 997:1003 arg1 value 1179:1183 the experimental value 1162:1183 the experimental value of 19.85 mg/g 1162:1197 The results showed that the predicted maximum adsorption amount of 21.63 mg/g under the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) was close to the experimental value of 19.85 mg/g. 24587722 7 54 theme maximum 997:1003 arg1 21.63 mg/g 1026:1035 21.63 mg/g 1026:1035 21.63 mg/g 1026:1035 The results showed that the predicted maximum adsorption amount of 21.63 mg/g under the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) was close to the experimental value of 19.85 mg/g. 24587722 7 55 theme dye 1099:1101 arg1 conditions 1055:1064 the optimum conditions 1043:1064 the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) 1043:1147 The results showed that the predicted maximum adsorption amount of 21.63 mg/g under the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) was close to the experimental value of 19.85 mg/g. 24587722 7 55 theme dye 1099:1101 arg1 125 mg/L 1117:1124 initial dye concentration 125 mg/L 1091:1124 initial dye concentration 125 mg/L 1091:1124 The results showed that the predicted maximum adsorption amount of 21.63 mg/g under the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) was close to the experimental value of 19.85 mg/g. 24587722 7 56 theme adsorption 1005:1014 arg1 amount 1016:1021 the predicted maximum adsorption amount 983:1021 the predicted maximum adsorption amount of 21.63 mg/g under the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) 983:1147 The results showed that the predicted maximum adsorption amount of 21.63 mg/g under the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) was close to the experimental value of 19.85 mg/g. 24587722 7 56 theme adsorption 1005:1014 arg1 value 1179:1183 the experimental value 1162:1183 the experimental value of 19.85 mg/g 1162:1197 The results showed that the predicted maximum adsorption amount of 21.63 mg/g under the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) was close to the experimental value of 19.85 mg/g. 24587722 7 56 theme adsorption 1005:1014 arg1 21.63 mg/g 1026:1035 21.63 mg/g 1026:1035 21.63 mg/g 1026:1035 The results showed that the predicted maximum adsorption amount of 21.63 mg/g under the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) was close to the experimental value of 19.85 mg/g. 24587722 3 57 theme temperature 537:547 arg1 variables 524:532 Independent variables 512:532 Independent variables of temperature, pH, initial dye concentration, and adsorbent dose 512:598 Independent variables of temperature, pH, initial dye concentration, and adsorbent dose were used to change to coded values. 24587722 1 58 theme Chitosan/feldspar 147:163 arg1 beads 174:178 Chitosan/feldspar biobased beads 147:178 Chitosan/feldspar biobased beads 147:178 Chitosan/feldspar biobased beads were synthesized, characterized, and tested for the removal of Acid Black 1 dye from aquatic phases. 24587722 8 59 theme Langmuir 1313:1320 arg1 model 1331:1335 the Langmuir isotherm model 1309:1335 the Langmuir isotherm model 1309:1335 In addition, the results of adsorption behaviors of the dye illustrated that the adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. 24587722 1 60 theme Acid 243:246 arg1 dye 256:258 Acid Black 1 dye 243:258 Acid Black 1 dye 243:258 Chitosan/feldspar biobased beads were synthesized, characterized, and tested for the removal of Acid Black 1 dye from aquatic phases. 24587722 2 61 theme different 483:491 arg1 experiments 499:509 31 different batch experiments 480:509 31 different batch experiments 480:509 A four-factor central composite design (CCD) accompanied by response surface modeling (RSM) and optimization was used to optimize the dye adsorption by the adsorbent (chitosan/feldspar composite) in 31 different batch experiments. 24587722 3 62 theme dose 595:598 arg1 variables 524:532 Independent variables 512:532 Independent variables of temperature, pH, initial dye concentration, and adsorbent dose 512:598 Independent variables of temperature, pH, initial dye concentration, and adsorbent dose were used to change to coded values. 24587722 1 63 theme biobased 165:172 arg1 beads 174:178 Chitosan/feldspar biobased beads 147:178 Chitosan/feldspar biobased beads 147:178 Chitosan/feldspar biobased beads were synthesized, characterized, and tested for the removal of Acid Black 1 dye from aquatic phases. 24587722 1 64 theme Black 248:252 arg1 dye 256:258 Acid Black 1 dye 243:258 Acid Black 1 dye 243:258 Chitosan/feldspar biobased beads were synthesized, characterized, and tested for the removal of Acid Black 1 dye from aquatic phases. 24587722 9 65 theme sorption 1389:1396 arg1 capacity 1398:1405 Langmuir sorption capacity 1380:1405 Langmuir sorption capacity 1380:1405 Langmuir sorption capacity was found to be 17.86 mg/g. 24587722 0 66 dep Preparation 0:10 arg1 optimization 81:92 optimization 81:92 Preparation and characterization of chitosan/feldspar biohybrid as an adsorbent: optimization of adsorption process via response surface modeling. 0:145 Preparation and characterization of chitosan/feldspar biohybrid as an adsorbent: optimization of adsorption process via response surface modeling. 24587722 3 67 used used 605:608 arg2 variables 524:532 Independent variables 512:532 Independent variables of temperature, pH, initial dye concentration, and adsorbent dose 512:598 Independent variables of temperature, pH, initial dye concentration, and adsorbent dose were used to change to coded values. 24587722 3 68 theme Independent 512:522 arg1 variables 524:532 Independent variables 512:532 Independent variables of temperature, pH, initial dye concentration, and adsorbent dose 512:598 Independent variables of temperature, pH, initial dye concentration, and adsorbent dose were used to change to coded values. 24587722 7 69 theme 19.85 mg/g 1188:1197 arg1 amount 1016:1021 the predicted maximum adsorption amount 983:1021 the predicted maximum adsorption amount of 21.63 mg/g under the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) 983:1147 The results showed that the predicted maximum adsorption amount of 21.63 mg/g under the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) was close to the experimental value of 19.85 mg/g. 24587722 7 69 theme 19.85 mg/g 1188:1197 arg1 value 1179:1183 the experimental value 1162:1183 the experimental value of 19.85 mg/g 1162:1197 The results showed that the predicted maximum adsorption amount of 21.63 mg/g under the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) was close to the experimental value of 19.85 mg/g. 24587722 7 69 theme 19.85 mg/g 1188:1197 arg1 21.63 mg/g 1026:1035 21.63 mg/g 1026:1035 21.63 mg/g 1026:1035 The results showed that the predicted maximum adsorption amount of 21.63 mg/g under the optimum conditions (pH 3, temperature 15°C, initial dye concentration 125 mg/L, and dose 0.2 g/50 mL) was close to the experimental value of 19.85 mg/g. 26055403 10 0 theme RH 1494:1495 arg1 exposure 1497:1504 % RH exposure 1492:1504 % RH exposure affecting performance attributes 1492:1537 CONCLUSIONS Significant MicroceLac(®)100 changes occurred with % RH exposure affecting performance attributes. 26055403 3 1 theme experiments 508:518 arg1 analysis 601:608 'multivariate analysis' 587:609 'multivariate analysis' 587:609 The 'DM(3)' approach evaluates material properties by combining 'design of experiments', material's 'macroscopic' properties, 'molecular' properties, and 'multivariate analysis' tools. 26055403 3 1 theme experiments 508:518 arg1 properties 571:580 'molecular' properties 559:580 'molecular' properties 559:580 The 'DM(3)' approach evaluates material properties by combining 'design of experiments', material's 'macroscopic' properties, 'molecular' properties, and 'multivariate analysis' tools. 26055403 3 1 theme experiments 508:518 arg1 properties 547:556 material's 'macroscopic' properties 522:556 material's 'macroscopic' properties 522:556 The 'DM(3)' approach evaluates material properties by combining 'design of experiments', material's 'macroscopic' properties, 'molecular' properties, and 'multivariate analysis' tools. 26055403 3 1 theme experiments 508:518 arg1 design 498:503 design 498:503 'design of experiments' 497:519 The 'DM(3)' approach evaluates material properties by combining 'design of experiments', material's 'macroscopic' properties, 'molecular' properties, and 'multivariate analysis' tools. 26055403 1 2 theme MacroceLac 241:250 arg1 ® 252:252 coprocessed MacroceLac(®) 100 229:257 coprocessed MacroceLac(®) 100 using 'DM(3)' approach 229:280 PURPOSE To determine the effect of relative humidity (RH) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) on the physico-mechanical properties of coprocessed MacroceLac(®) 100 using 'DM(3)' approach. 26055403 6 3 used used 1085:1088 arg2 analysis 987:994 Multivariate analysis 974:994 Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), principle component analysis, and partial least squares (PLS) 974:1078 Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), principle component analysis, and partial least squares (PLS) were used to analyze the data. 26055403 4 4 theme particle 839:846 arg1 size 848:851 macroscopic particle size 827:851 macroscopic particle size 827:851 A 4X4 full-factorial experimental design was used to study the relationship of MacroceLac(®) 100 molecular properties (moisture content, dehydration, crystallization, fusion enthalpy, and moisture uptake) and macroscopic particle size and shape on CI and TMS. 26055403 3 5 theme macroscopic 534:544 arg1 properties 547:556 material's 'macroscopic' properties 522:556 material's 'macroscopic' properties 522:556 The 'DM(3)' approach evaluates material properties by combining 'design of experiments', material's 'macroscopic' properties, 'molecular' properties, and 'multivariate analysis' tools. 26055403 1 6 theme ® 252:252 arg1 properties 215:224 the physico-mechanical properties 192:224 the physico-mechanical properties of coprocessed MacroceLac(®) 100 using 'DM(3)' approach 192:280 PURPOSE To determine the effect of relative humidity (RH) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) on the physico-mechanical properties of coprocessed MacroceLac(®) 100 using 'DM(3)' approach. 26055403 7 7 theme MicroceLac 1159:1168 arg1 100-HPMC 1191:1198 MicroceLac(®)100 > MicroceLac(®)100-HPMC 1159:1198 MicroceLac(®)100 > MicroceLac(®)100-HPMC (p < 0.0001) 1159:1211 RESULTS MANOVA CI ranking was: PBM-HPMC > PBM > MicroceLac(®)100 > MicroceLac(®)100-HPMC (p < 0.0001). 26055403 7 7 theme MicroceLac 1159:1168 arg1 p < 0.0001 1201:1210 p < 0.0001 1201:1210 p < 0.0001 1201:1210 RESULTS MANOVA CI ranking was: PBM-HPMC > PBM > MicroceLac(®)100 > MicroceLac(®)100-HPMC (p < 0.0001). 26055403 4 8 theme experimental 639:650 arg1 design 652:657 A 4X4 full-factorial experimental design 618:657 A 4X4 full-factorial experimental design 618:657 A 4X4 full-factorial experimental design was used to study the relationship of MacroceLac(®) 100 molecular properties (moisture content, dehydration, crystallization, fusion enthalpy, and moisture uptake) and macroscopic particle size and shape on CI and TMS. 26055403 10 9 theme performance 1516:1526 arg1 attributes 1528:1537 performance attributes 1516:1537 performance attributes 1516:1537 CONCLUSIONS Significant MicroceLac(®)100 changes occurred with % RH exposure affecting performance attributes. 26055403 6 10 theme variance 999:1006 arg1 analysis 987:994 Multivariate analysis 974:994 Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), principle component analysis, and partial least squares (PLS) 974:1078 Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), principle component analysis, and partial least squares (PLS) were used to analyze the data. 26055403 11 11 theme matrix 1604:1609 arg1 changes 1611:1617 molecular or macroscopic matrix changes 1579:1617 molecular or macroscopic matrix changes 1579:1617 HPMC physical addition did not prevent molecular or macroscopic matrix changes. 26055403 2 12 from Effects 291:297 arg1 strength 391:398 tablet mechanical strength 373:398 tablet mechanical strength (TMS) 373:404 METHODS Effects of RH and 5% w/w HPMC on MacroceLac(®) 100 Compressibility Index (CI) and tablet mechanical strength (TMS) were evaluated by 'DM(3)'. 26055403 2 12 from Effects 291:297 arg1 CI 365:366 CI 365:366 CI 365:366 METHODS Effects of RH and 5% w/w HPMC on MacroceLac(®) 100 Compressibility Index (CI) and tablet mechanical strength (TMS) were evaluated by 'DM(3)'. 26055403 2 12 from Effects 291:297 arg1 Index 358:362 MacroceLac(®) 100 Compressibility Index 324:362 MacroceLac(®) 100 Compressibility Index (CI) 324:367 METHODS Effects of RH and 5% w/w HPMC on MacroceLac(®) 100 Compressibility Index (CI) and tablet mechanical strength (TMS) were evaluated by 'DM(3)'. 26055403 2 12 from Effects 291:297 arg1 TMS 401:403 TMS 401:403 TMS 401:403 METHODS Effects of RH and 5% w/w HPMC on MacroceLac(®) 100 Compressibility Index (CI) and tablet mechanical strength (TMS) were evaluated by 'DM(3)'. 26055403 7 13 theme MANOVA 1119:1124 arg1 ranking 1129:1135 RESULTS MANOVA CI ranking 1111:1135 RESULTS MANOVA CI ranking 1111:1135 RESULTS MANOVA CI ranking was: PBM-HPMC > PBM > MicroceLac(®)100 > MicroceLac(®)100-HPMC (p < 0.0001). 26055403 10 14 dep CONCLUSIONS 1429:1439 arg1 changes 1470:1476 Significant MicroceLac(®)100 changes 1441:1476 CONCLUSIONS Significant MicroceLac(®)100 changes 1429:1476 CONCLUSIONS Significant MicroceLac(®)100 changes occurred with % RH exposure affecting performance attributes. 26055403 10 15 theme % 1492:1492 arg1 exposure 1497:1504 % RH exposure 1492:1504 % RH exposure affecting performance attributes 1492:1537 CONCLUSIONS Significant MicroceLac(®)100 changes occurred with % RH exposure affecting performance attributes. 26055403 1 16 theme methylcellulose 166:180 arg1 effect 115:120 the effect 111:120 the effect of relative humidity (RH) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) on the physico-mechanical properties of coprocessed MacroceLac(®) 100 using 'DM(3)' approach 111:280 PURPOSE To determine the effect of relative humidity (RH) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) on the physico-mechanical properties of coprocessed MacroceLac(®) 100 using 'DM(3)' approach. 26055403 6 17 theme squares 1066:1072 arg1 analysis 987:994 Multivariate analysis 974:994 Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), principle component analysis, and partial least squares (PLS) 974:1078 Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), principle component analysis, and partial least squares (PLS) were used to analyze the data. 26055403 4 18 theme molecular 715:723 arg1 properties 725:734 100 molecular properties 711:734 MacroceLac(®) 100 molecular properties (moisture content, dehydration, crystallization, fusion enthalpy, and moisture uptake) 697:821 A 4X4 full-factorial experimental design was used to study the relationship of MacroceLac(®) 100 molecular properties (moisture content, dehydration, crystallization, fusion enthalpy, and moisture uptake) and macroscopic particle size and shape on CI and TMS. 26055403 6 19 theme Multivariate 974:985 arg1 analysis 987:994 Multivariate analysis 974:994 Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), principle component analysis, and partial least squares (PLS) 974:1078 Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), principle component analysis, and partial least squares (PLS) were used to analyze the data. 26055403 6 20 theme partial 1052:1058 arg1 PLS 1075:1077 PLS 1075:1077 PLS 1075:1077 Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), principle component analysis, and partial least squares (PLS) were used to analyze the data. 26055403 6 20 theme partial 1052:1058 arg1 squares 1066:1072 partial least squares 1052:1072 partial least squares (PLS) 1052:1078 Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), principle component analysis, and partial least squares (PLS) were used to analyze the data. 26055403 7 21 theme ® 1170:1170 arg1 100-HPMC 1191:1198 MicroceLac(®)100 > MicroceLac(®)100-HPMC 1159:1198 MicroceLac(®)100 > MicroceLac(®)100-HPMC (p < 0.0001) 1159:1211 RESULTS MANOVA CI ranking was: PBM-HPMC > PBM > MicroceLac(®)100 > MicroceLac(®)100-HPMC (p < 0.0001). 26055403 7 21 theme ® 1170:1170 arg1 p < 0.0001 1201:1210 p < 0.0001 1201:1210 p < 0.0001 1201:1210 RESULTS MANOVA CI ranking was: PBM-HPMC > PBM > MicroceLac(®)100 > MicroceLac(®)100-HPMC (p < 0.0001). 26055403 8 22 dep showed 1221:1226 arg1 lower 1265:1269 lower 1265:1269 lower 1265:1269 MANOVA showed PBM's and PBM-HPMC's TMS values were lower than MicroceLac(®)100 and MicroceLac(®)100-HPMC (p < 0.0001). 26055403 11 23 theme physical 1545:1552 arg1 addition 1554:1561 HPMC physical addition 1540:1561 HPMC physical addition 1540:1561 HPMC physical addition did not prevent molecular or macroscopic matrix changes. 26055403 6 24 theme component 1028:1036 arg1 analysis 1038:1045 principle component analysis 1018:1045 principle component analysis 1018:1045 Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), principle component analysis, and partial least squares (PLS) were used to analyze the data. 26055403 9 25 theme % 1349:1349 arg1 RH 1351:1352 % RH 1349:1352 % RH 1349:1352 PLS showed that % RH, HPMC, and several molecular properties significantly affected CI and TMS. 26055403 4 26 dep MacroceLac 697:706 arg1 enthalpy 792:799 fusion enthalpy 785:799 fusion enthalpy 785:799 A 4X4 full-factorial experimental design was used to study the relationship of MacroceLac(®) 100 molecular properties (moisture content, dehydration, crystallization, fusion enthalpy, and moisture uptake) and macroscopic particle size and shape on CI and TMS. 26055403 4 26 dep MacroceLac 697:706 arg1 dehydration 755:765 dehydration 755:765 dehydration 755:765 A 4X4 full-factorial experimental design was used to study the relationship of MacroceLac(®) 100 molecular properties (moisture content, dehydration, crystallization, fusion enthalpy, and moisture uptake) and macroscopic particle size and shape on CI and TMS. 26055403 4 26 dep MacroceLac 697:706 arg1 crystallization 768:782 crystallization 768:782 crystallization 768:782 A 4X4 full-factorial experimental design was used to study the relationship of MacroceLac(®) 100 molecular properties (moisture content, dehydration, crystallization, fusion enthalpy, and moisture uptake) and macroscopic particle size and shape on CI and TMS. 26055403 4 26 dep MacroceLac 697:706 arg1 properties 725:734 100 molecular properties 711:734 MacroceLac(®) 100 molecular properties (moisture content, dehydration, crystallization, fusion enthalpy, and moisture uptake) 697:821 A 4X4 full-factorial experimental design was used to study the relationship of MacroceLac(®) 100 molecular properties (moisture content, dehydration, crystallization, fusion enthalpy, and moisture uptake) and macroscopic particle size and shape on CI and TMS. 26055403 4 26 dep MacroceLac 697:706 arg1 uptake 815:820 moisture uptake 806:820 moisture uptake 806:820 A 4X4 full-factorial experimental design was used to study the relationship of MacroceLac(®) 100 molecular properties (moisture content, dehydration, crystallization, fusion enthalpy, and moisture uptake) and macroscopic particle size and shape on CI and TMS. 26055403 4 26 dep MacroceLac 697:706 arg1 content 746:752 moisture content 737:752 moisture content 737:752 A 4X4 full-factorial experimental design was used to study the relationship of MacroceLac(®) 100 molecular properties (moisture content, dehydration, crystallization, fusion enthalpy, and moisture uptake) and macroscopic particle size and shape on CI and TMS. 26055403 5 27 theme physical 880:887 arg1 PBM 905:907 PBM 905:907 PBM 905:907 A physical binary mixture (PBM) of similar composition to MacroceLac(®) 100 was also evaluated. 26055403 5 27 theme physical 880:887 arg1 mixture 896:902 A physical binary mixture 878:902 A physical binary mixture (PBM) of similar composition to MacroceLac(®) 100 878:952 A physical binary mixture (PBM) of similar composition to MacroceLac(®) 100 was also evaluated. 26055403 1 28 theme humidity 134:141 arg1 effect 115:120 the effect 111:120 the effect of relative humidity (RH) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) on the physico-mechanical properties of coprocessed MacroceLac(®) 100 using 'DM(3)' approach 111:280 PURPOSE To determine the effect of relative humidity (RH) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) on the physico-mechanical properties of coprocessed MacroceLac(®) 100 using 'DM(3)' approach. 26055403 2 29 theme mechanical 380:389 arg1 strength 391:398 tablet mechanical strength 373:398 tablet mechanical strength (TMS) 373:404 METHODS Effects of RH and 5% w/w HPMC on MacroceLac(®) 100 Compressibility Index (CI) and tablet mechanical strength (TMS) were evaluated by 'DM(3)'. 26055403 2 29 theme mechanical 380:389 arg1 TMS 401:403 TMS 401:403 TMS 401:403 METHODS Effects of RH and 5% w/w HPMC on MacroceLac(®) 100 Compressibility Index (CI) and tablet mechanical strength (TMS) were evaluated by 'DM(3)'. 26055403 4 30 used used 663:666 arg2 design 652:657 A 4X4 full-factorial experimental design 618:657 A 4X4 full-factorial experimental design 618:657 A 4X4 full-factorial experimental design was used to study the relationship of MacroceLac(®) 100 molecular properties (moisture content, dehydration, crystallization, fusion enthalpy, and moisture uptake) and macroscopic particle size and shape on CI and TMS. 26055403 9 31 theme several 1365:1371 arg1 properties 1383:1392 several molecular properties 1365:1392 several molecular properties 1365:1392 PLS showed that % RH, HPMC, and several molecular properties significantly affected CI and TMS. 26055403 2 32 theme HPMC 316:319 arg1 Effects 291:297 METHODS Effects 283:297 METHODS Effects of RH and 5% w/w HPMC on MacroceLac(®) 100 Compressibility Index (CI) and tablet mechanical strength (TMS) 283:404 METHODS Effects of RH and 5% w/w HPMC on MacroceLac(®) 100 Compressibility Index (CI) and tablet mechanical strength (TMS) were evaluated by 'DM(3)'. 26055403 1 33 from effect 115:120 arg1 properties 215:224 the physico-mechanical properties 192:224 the physico-mechanical properties of coprocessed MacroceLac(®) 100 using 'DM(3)' approach 192:280 PURPOSE To determine the effect of relative humidity (RH) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) on the physico-mechanical properties of coprocessed MacroceLac(®) 100 using 'DM(3)' approach. 26055403 0 34 dep Approach 80:87 arg1 3 77:77 3 77:77 3 77:77 Physico-Mechanical Properties of Coprocessed Excipient MicroceLac® 100 by DM(3) Approach. 26055403 0 34 dep Approach 80:87 arg1 Properties 19:28 Physico-Mechanical Properties 0:28 Physico-Mechanical Properties of Coprocessed Excipient MicroceLac® 100 by DM 0:75 Physico-Mechanical Properties of Coprocessed Excipient MicroceLac® 100 by DM(3) Approach. 26055403 4 35 theme moisture 806:813 arg1 uptake 815:820 moisture uptake 806:820 moisture uptake 806:820 A 4X4 full-factorial experimental design was used to study the relationship of MacroceLac(®) 100 molecular properties (moisture content, dehydration, crystallization, fusion enthalpy, and moisture uptake) and macroscopic particle size and shape on CI and TMS. 26055403 2 36 theme % 310:310 arg1 HPMC 316:319 5% w/w HPMC 309:319 5% w/w HPMC 309:319 METHODS Effects of RH and 5% w/w HPMC on MacroceLac(®) 100 Compressibility Index (CI) and tablet mechanical strength (TMS) were evaluated by 'DM(3)'. 26055403 0 37 theme Physico-Mechanical 0:17 arg1 Properties 19:28 Physico-Mechanical Properties 0:28 Physico-Mechanical Properties of Coprocessed Excipient MicroceLac® 100 by DM 0:75 Physico-Mechanical Properties of Coprocessed Excipient MicroceLac® 100 by DM(3) Approach. 26055403 5 38 theme composition 921:931 arg1 PBM 905:907 PBM 905:907 PBM 905:907 A physical binary mixture (PBM) of similar composition to MacroceLac(®) 100 was also evaluated. 26055403 5 38 theme composition 921:931 arg1 mixture 896:902 A physical binary mixture 878:902 A physical binary mixture (PBM) of similar composition to MacroceLac(®) 100 878:952 A physical binary mixture (PBM) of similar composition to MacroceLac(®) 100 was also evaluated. 26055403 2 39 theme ® 335:335 arg1 CI 365:366 CI 365:366 CI 365:366 METHODS Effects of RH and 5% w/w HPMC on MacroceLac(®) 100 Compressibility Index (CI) and tablet mechanical strength (TMS) were evaluated by 'DM(3)'. 26055403 2 39 theme ® 335:335 arg1 Index 358:362 MacroceLac(®) 100 Compressibility Index 324:362 MacroceLac(®) 100 Compressibility Index (CI) 324:367 METHODS Effects of RH and 5% w/w HPMC on MacroceLac(®) 100 Compressibility Index (CI) and tablet mechanical strength (TMS) were evaluated by 'DM(3)'. 26055403 5 40 theme MacroceLac 936:945 arg1 ® 947:947 MacroceLac(®) 100 936:952 MacroceLac(®) 100 936:952 A physical binary mixture (PBM) of similar composition to MacroceLac(®) 100 was also evaluated. 26055403 1 41 theme relative 125:132 arg1 humidity 134:141 relative humidity 125:141 relative humidity (RH) 125:146 PURPOSE To determine the effect of relative humidity (RH) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) on the physico-mechanical properties of coprocessed MacroceLac(®) 100 using 'DM(3)' approach. 26055403 1 41 theme relative 125:132 arg1 RH 144:145 RH 144:145 RH 144:145 PURPOSE To determine the effect of relative humidity (RH) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) on the physico-mechanical properties of coprocessed MacroceLac(®) 100 using 'DM(3)' approach. 26055403 4 42 theme fusion 785:790 arg1 enthalpy 792:799 fusion enthalpy 785:799 fusion enthalpy 785:799 A 4X4 full-factorial experimental design was used to study the relationship of MacroceLac(®) 100 molecular properties (moisture content, dehydration, crystallization, fusion enthalpy, and moisture uptake) and macroscopic particle size and shape on CI and TMS. 26055403 1 43 dep approach 273:280 arg1 DM 266:267 DM(3) 266:270 DM(3) 266:270 PURPOSE To determine the effect of relative humidity (RH) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) on the physico-mechanical properties of coprocessed MacroceLac(®) 100 using 'DM(3)' approach. 26055403 2 44 theme MacroceLac 324:333 arg1 CI 365:366 CI 365:366 CI 365:366 METHODS Effects of RH and 5% w/w HPMC on MacroceLac(®) 100 Compressibility Index (CI) and tablet mechanical strength (TMS) were evaluated by 'DM(3)'. 26055403 2 44 theme MacroceLac 324:333 arg1 Index 358:362 MacroceLac(®) 100 Compressibility Index 324:362 MacroceLac(®) 100 Compressibility Index (CI) 324:367 METHODS Effects of RH and 5% w/w HPMC on MacroceLac(®) 100 Compressibility Index (CI) and tablet mechanical strength (TMS) were evaluated by 'DM(3)'. 26055403 0 45 theme Excipient 45:53 arg1 MicroceLac® 55:65 Coprocessed Excipient MicroceLac® 100 33:69 Coprocessed Excipient MicroceLac® 100 by DM 33:75 Physico-Mechanical Properties of Coprocessed Excipient MicroceLac® 100 by DM(3) Approach. 26055403 3 46 theme material 464:471 arg1 properties 473:482 material properties 464:482 material properties 464:482 The 'DM(3)' approach evaluates material properties by combining 'design of experiments', material's 'macroscopic' properties, 'molecular' properties, and 'multivariate analysis' tools. 26055403 4 47 theme 4X4 620:622 arg1 design 652:657 A 4X4 full-factorial experimental design 618:657 A 4X4 full-factorial experimental design 618:657 A 4X4 full-factorial experimental design was used to study the relationship of MacroceLac(®) 100 molecular properties (moisture content, dehydration, crystallization, fusion enthalpy, and moisture uptake) and macroscopic particle size and shape on CI and TMS. 26055403 2 48 theme METHODS 283:289 arg1 Effects 291:297 METHODS Effects 283:297 METHODS Effects of RH and 5% w/w HPMC on MacroceLac(®) 100 Compressibility Index (CI) and tablet mechanical strength (TMS) 283:404 METHODS Effects of RH and 5% w/w HPMC on MacroceLac(®) 100 Compressibility Index (CI) and tablet mechanical strength (TMS) were evaluated by 'DM(3)'. 26055403 7 49 theme > 1176:1176 arg1 100-HPMC 1191:1198 MicroceLac(®)100 > MicroceLac(®)100-HPMC 1159:1198 MicroceLac(®)100 > MicroceLac(®)100-HPMC (p < 0.0001) 1159:1211 RESULTS MANOVA CI ranking was: PBM-HPMC > PBM > MicroceLac(®)100 > MicroceLac(®)100-HPMC (p < 0.0001). 26055403 7 49 theme > 1176:1176 arg1 p < 0.0001 1201:1210 p < 0.0001 1201:1210 p < 0.0001 1201:1210 RESULTS MANOVA CI ranking was: PBM-HPMC > PBM > MicroceLac(®)100 > MicroceLac(®)100-HPMC (p < 0.0001). 26055403 4 50 theme macroscopic 827:837 arg1 size 848:851 macroscopic particle size 827:851 macroscopic particle size 827:851 A 4X4 full-factorial experimental design was used to study the relationship of MacroceLac(®) 100 molecular properties (moisture content, dehydration, crystallization, fusion enthalpy, and moisture uptake) and macroscopic particle size and shape on CI and TMS. 26055403 3 51 theme material 522:529 arg1 properties 547:556 material's 'macroscopic' properties 522:556 material's 'macroscopic' properties 522:556 The 'DM(3)' approach evaluates material properties by combining 'design of experiments', material's 'macroscopic' properties, 'molecular' properties, and 'multivariate analysis' tools. 26055403 6 52 theme principle 1018:1026 arg1 analysis 1038:1045 principle component analysis 1018:1045 principle component analysis 1018:1045 Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), principle component analysis, and partial least squares (PLS) were used to analyze the data. 26055403 8 53 theme MicroceLac 1297:1306 arg1 100-HPMC 1310:1317 MicroceLac(®)100-HPMC (p < 0.0001) 1297:1330 MicroceLac(®)100-HPMC (p < 0.0001) 1297:1330 MANOVA showed PBM's and PBM-HPMC's TMS values were lower than MicroceLac(®)100 and MicroceLac(®)100-HPMC (p < 0.0001). 26055403 1 54 theme coprocessed 229:239 arg1 ® 252:252 coprocessed MacroceLac(®) 100 229:257 coprocessed MacroceLac(®) 100 using 'DM(3)' approach 229:280 PURPOSE To determine the effect of relative humidity (RH) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) on the physico-mechanical properties of coprocessed MacroceLac(®) 100 using 'DM(3)' approach. 26055403 10 55 theme Significant 1441:1451 arg1 changes 1470:1476 Significant MicroceLac(®)100 changes 1441:1476 CONCLUSIONS Significant MicroceLac(®)100 changes 1429:1476 CONCLUSIONS Significant MicroceLac(®)100 changes occurred with % RH exposure affecting performance attributes. 26055403 4 56 theme size 848:851 arg1 relationship 681:692 the relationship 677:692 the relationship of MacroceLac(®) 100 molecular properties (moisture content, dehydration, crystallization, fusion enthalpy, and moisture uptake) and macroscopic particle size and shape on CI and TMS 677:875 A 4X4 full-factorial experimental design was used to study the relationship of MacroceLac(®) 100 molecular properties (moisture content, dehydration, crystallization, fusion enthalpy, and moisture uptake) and macroscopic particle size and shape on CI and TMS. 26055403 3 57 dep design 498:503 arg1 tools 611:615 tools 611:615 tools 611:615 The 'DM(3)' approach evaluates material properties by combining 'design of experiments', material's 'macroscopic' properties, 'molecular' properties, and 'multivariate analysis' tools. 26055403 7 58 theme PBM-HPMC 1142:1149 arg1 PBM 1153:1155 PBM-HPMC > PBM 1142:1155 PBM-HPMC > PBM 1142:1155 RESULTS MANOVA CI ranking was: PBM-HPMC > PBM > MicroceLac(®)100 > MicroceLac(®)100-HPMC (p < 0.0001). 26055403 8 59 theme MicroceLac 1276:1285 arg1 ® 1287:1287 MicroceLac(®)100 1276:1291 MicroceLac(®)100 1276:1291 MANOVA showed PBM's and PBM-HPMC's TMS values were lower than MicroceLac(®)100 and MicroceLac(®)100-HPMC (p < 0.0001). 26055403 11 60 theme macroscopic 1592:1602 arg1 changes 1611:1617 molecular or macroscopic matrix changes 1579:1617 molecular or macroscopic matrix changes 1579:1617 HPMC physical addition did not prevent molecular or macroscopic matrix changes. 26055403 7 61 theme > 1151:1151 arg1 PBM 1153:1155 PBM-HPMC > PBM 1142:1155 PBM-HPMC > PBM 1142:1155 RESULTS MANOVA CI ranking was: PBM-HPMC > PBM > MicroceLac(®)100 > MicroceLac(®)100-HPMC (p < 0.0001). 26055403 4 62 theme full-factorial 624:637 arg1 design 652:657 A 4X4 full-factorial experimental design 618:657 A 4X4 full-factorial experimental design 618:657 A 4X4 full-factorial experimental design was used to study the relationship of MacroceLac(®) 100 molecular properties (moisture content, dehydration, crystallization, fusion enthalpy, and moisture uptake) and macroscopic particle size and shape on CI and TMS. 26055403 1 63 theme hydroxypropyl 152:164 arg1 HPMC 183:186 HPMC 183:186 HPMC 183:186 PURPOSE To determine the effect of relative humidity (RH) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) on the physico-mechanical properties of coprocessed MacroceLac(®) 100 using 'DM(3)' approach. 26055403 1 63 theme hydroxypropyl 152:164 arg1 methylcellulose 166:180 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 152:180 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) 152:187 PURPOSE To determine the effect of relative humidity (RH) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) on the physico-mechanical properties of coprocessed MacroceLac(®) 100 using 'DM(3)' approach. 26055403 7 64 theme CI 1126:1127 arg1 ranking 1129:1135 RESULTS MANOVA CI ranking 1111:1135 RESULTS MANOVA CI ranking 1111:1135 RESULTS MANOVA CI ranking was: PBM-HPMC > PBM > MicroceLac(®)100 > MicroceLac(®)100-HPMC (p < 0.0001). 26055403 3 65 theme molecular 560:568 arg1 properties 571:580 'molecular' properties 559:580 'molecular' properties 559:580 The 'DM(3)' approach evaluates material properties by combining 'design of experiments', material's 'macroscopic' properties, 'molecular' properties, and 'multivariate analysis' tools. 26055403 7 66 theme RESULTS 1111:1117 arg1 ranking 1129:1135 RESULTS MANOVA CI ranking 1111:1135 RESULTS MANOVA CI ranking 1111:1135 RESULTS MANOVA CI ranking was: PBM-HPMC > PBM > MicroceLac(®)100 > MicroceLac(®)100-HPMC (p < 0.0001). 26055403 6 67 theme least 1060:1064 arg1 PLS 1075:1077 PLS 1075:1077 PLS 1075:1077 Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), principle component analysis, and partial least squares (PLS) were used to analyze the data. 26055403 6 67 theme least 1060:1064 arg1 squares 1066:1072 partial least squares 1052:1072 partial least squares (PLS) 1052:1078 Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), principle component analysis, and partial least squares (PLS) were used to analyze the data. 26055403 3 68 theme DM 438:439 arg1 approach 445:452 The 'DM(3)' approach 433:452 The 'DM(3)' approach 433:452 The 'DM(3)' approach evaluates material properties by combining 'design of experiments', material's 'macroscopic' properties, 'molecular' properties, and 'multivariate analysis' tools. 26055403 4 69 from TMS 873:875 arg1 relationship 681:692 the relationship 677:692 the relationship of MacroceLac(®) 100 molecular properties (moisture content, dehydration, crystallization, fusion enthalpy, and moisture uptake) and macroscopic particle size and shape on CI and TMS 677:875 A 4X4 full-factorial experimental design was used to study the relationship of MacroceLac(®) 100 molecular properties (moisture content, dehydration, crystallization, fusion enthalpy, and moisture uptake) and macroscopic particle size and shape on CI and TMS. 26055403 11 70 theme HPMC 1540:1543 arg1 addition 1554:1561 HPMC physical addition 1540:1561 HPMC physical addition 1540:1561 HPMC physical addition did not prevent molecular or macroscopic matrix changes. 26055403 4 71 from CI 866:867 arg1 relationship 681:692 the relationship 677:692 the relationship of MacroceLac(®) 100 molecular properties (moisture content, dehydration, crystallization, fusion enthalpy, and moisture uptake) and macroscopic particle size and shape on CI and TMS 677:875 A 4X4 full-factorial experimental design was used to study the relationship of MacroceLac(®) 100 molecular properties (moisture content, dehydration, crystallization, fusion enthalpy, and moisture uptake) and macroscopic particle size and shape on CI and TMS. 26055403 6 72 theme analysis 1038:1045 arg1 analysis 987:994 Multivariate analysis 974:994 Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), principle component analysis, and partial least squares (PLS) 974:1078 Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), principle component analysis, and partial least squares (PLS) were used to analyze the data. 26055403 4 73 from MacroceLac 697:706 arg1 TMS 873:875 TMS 873:875 TMS 873:875 A 4X4 full-factorial experimental design was used to study the relationship of MacroceLac(®) 100 molecular properties (moisture content, dehydration, crystallization, fusion enthalpy, and moisture uptake) and macroscopic particle size and shape on CI and TMS. 26055403 4 73 from MacroceLac 697:706 arg1 CI 866:867 CI 866:867 CI 866:867 A 4X4 full-factorial experimental design was used to study the relationship of MacroceLac(®) 100 molecular properties (moisture content, dehydration, crystallization, fusion enthalpy, and moisture uptake) and macroscopic particle size and shape on CI and TMS. 26055403 11 74 theme molecular 1579:1587 arg1 changes 1611:1617 molecular or macroscopic matrix changes 1579:1617 molecular or macroscopic matrix changes 1579:1617 HPMC physical addition did not prevent molecular or macroscopic matrix changes. 26055403 4 75 from shape 857:861 arg1 TMS 873:875 TMS 873:875 TMS 873:875 A 4X4 full-factorial experimental design was used to study the relationship of MacroceLac(®) 100 molecular properties (moisture content, dehydration, crystallization, fusion enthalpy, and moisture uptake) and macroscopic particle size and shape on CI and TMS. 26055403 4 75 from shape 857:861 arg1 CI 866:867 CI 866:867 CI 866:867 A 4X4 full-factorial experimental design was used to study the relationship of MacroceLac(®) 100 molecular properties (moisture content, dehydration, crystallization, fusion enthalpy, and moisture uptake) and macroscopic particle size and shape on CI and TMS. 26055403 4 76 theme MacroceLac 697:706 arg1 relationship 681:692 the relationship 677:692 the relationship of MacroceLac(®) 100 molecular properties (moisture content, dehydration, crystallization, fusion enthalpy, and moisture uptake) and macroscopic particle size and shape on CI and TMS 677:875 A 4X4 full-factorial experimental design was used to study the relationship of MacroceLac(®) 100 molecular properties (moisture content, dehydration, crystallization, fusion enthalpy, and moisture uptake) and macroscopic particle size and shape on CI and TMS. 26055403 4 77 from relationship 681:692 arg1 TMS 873:875 TMS 873:875 TMS 873:875 A 4X4 full-factorial experimental design was used to study the relationship of MacroceLac(®) 100 molecular properties (moisture content, dehydration, crystallization, fusion enthalpy, and moisture uptake) and macroscopic particle size and shape on CI and TMS. 26055403 4 77 from relationship 681:692 arg1 CI 866:867 CI 866:867 CI 866:867 A 4X4 full-factorial experimental design was used to study the relationship of MacroceLac(®) 100 molecular properties (moisture content, dehydration, crystallization, fusion enthalpy, and moisture uptake) and macroscopic particle size and shape on CI and TMS. 26055403 4 78 from size 848:851 arg1 TMS 873:875 TMS 873:875 TMS 873:875 A 4X4 full-factorial experimental design was used to study the relationship of MacroceLac(®) 100 molecular properties (moisture content, dehydration, crystallization, fusion enthalpy, and moisture uptake) and macroscopic particle size and shape on CI and TMS. 26055403 4 78 from size 848:851 arg1 CI 866:867 CI 866:867 CI 866:867 A 4X4 full-factorial experimental design was used to study the relationship of MacroceLac(®) 100 molecular properties (moisture content, dehydration, crystallization, fusion enthalpy, and moisture uptake) and macroscopic particle size and shape on CI and TMS. 26055403 3 79 theme multivariate 588:599 arg1 analysis 601:608 'multivariate analysis' 587:609 'multivariate analysis' 587:609 The 'DM(3)' approach evaluates material properties by combining 'design of experiments', material's 'macroscopic' properties, 'molecular' properties, and 'multivariate analysis' tools. 26055403 5 80 theme binary 889:894 arg1 PBM 905:907 PBM 905:907 PBM 905:907 A physical binary mixture (PBM) of similar composition to MacroceLac(®) 100 was also evaluated. 26055403 5 80 theme binary 889:894 arg1 mixture 896:902 A physical binary mixture 878:902 A physical binary mixture (PBM) of similar composition to MacroceLac(®) 100 878:952 A physical binary mixture (PBM) of similar composition to MacroceLac(®) 100 was also evaluated. 26055403 2 81 theme tablet 373:378 arg1 strength 391:398 tablet mechanical strength 373:398 tablet mechanical strength (TMS) 373:404 METHODS Effects of RH and 5% w/w HPMC on MacroceLac(®) 100 Compressibility Index (CI) and tablet mechanical strength (TMS) were evaluated by 'DM(3)'. 26055403 2 81 theme tablet 373:378 arg1 TMS 401:403 TMS 401:403 TMS 401:403 METHODS Effects of RH and 5% w/w HPMC on MacroceLac(®) 100 Compressibility Index (CI) and tablet mechanical strength (TMS) were evaluated by 'DM(3)'. 26055403 4 82 theme moisture 737:744 arg1 content 746:752 moisture content 737:752 moisture content 737:752 A 4X4 full-factorial experimental design was used to study the relationship of MacroceLac(®) 100 molecular properties (moisture content, dehydration, crystallization, fusion enthalpy, and moisture uptake) and macroscopic particle size and shape on CI and TMS. 26055403 2 83 theme w/w 312:314 arg1 HPMC 316:319 5% w/w HPMC 309:319 5% w/w HPMC 309:319 METHODS Effects of RH and 5% w/w HPMC on MacroceLac(®) 100 Compressibility Index (CI) and tablet mechanical strength (TMS) were evaluated by 'DM(3)'. 26055403 2 84 theme Compressibility 342:356 arg1 CI 365:366 CI 365:366 CI 365:366 METHODS Effects of RH and 5% w/w HPMC on MacroceLac(®) 100 Compressibility Index (CI) and tablet mechanical strength (TMS) were evaluated by 'DM(3)'. 26055403 2 84 theme Compressibility 342:356 arg1 Index 358:362 MacroceLac(®) 100 Compressibility Index 324:362 MacroceLac(®) 100 Compressibility Index (CI) 324:367 METHODS Effects of RH and 5% w/w HPMC on MacroceLac(®) 100 Compressibility Index (CI) and tablet mechanical strength (TMS) were evaluated by 'DM(3)'. 26055403 2 85 theme 5 309:309 arg1 % 310:310 % 310:310 % 310:310 METHODS Effects of RH and 5% w/w HPMC on MacroceLac(®) 100 Compressibility Index (CI) and tablet mechanical strength (TMS) were evaluated by 'DM(3)'. 26055403 0 86 theme Coprocessed 33:43 arg1 MicroceLac® 55:65 Coprocessed Excipient MicroceLac® 100 33:69 Coprocessed Excipient MicroceLac® 100 by DM 33:75 Physico-Mechanical Properties of Coprocessed Excipient MicroceLac® 100 by DM(3) Approach. 26055403 10 87 theme ® 1464:1464 arg1 changes 1470:1476 Significant MicroceLac(®)100 changes 1441:1476 CONCLUSIONS Significant MicroceLac(®)100 changes 1429:1476 CONCLUSIONS Significant MicroceLac(®)100 changes occurred with % RH exposure affecting performance attributes. 26055403 0 88 theme MicroceLac® 55:65 arg1 Properties 19:28 Physico-Mechanical Properties 0:28 Physico-Mechanical Properties of Coprocessed Excipient MicroceLac® 100 by DM 0:75 Physico-Mechanical Properties of Coprocessed Excipient MicroceLac® 100 by DM(3) Approach. 26055403 10 89 theme MicroceLac 1453:1462 arg1 changes 1470:1476 Significant MicroceLac(®)100 changes 1441:1476 CONCLUSIONS Significant MicroceLac(®)100 changes 1429:1476 CONCLUSIONS Significant MicroceLac(®)100 changes occurred with % RH exposure affecting performance attributes. 26055403 9 90 theme molecular 1373:1381 arg1 properties 1383:1392 several molecular properties 1365:1392 several molecular properties 1365:1392 PLS showed that % RH, HPMC, and several molecular properties significantly affected CI and TMS. 26055403 5 91 theme similar 913:919 arg1 composition 921:931 similar composition 913:931 similar composition 913:931 A physical binary mixture (PBM) of similar composition to MacroceLac(®) 100 was also evaluated. 26055403 7 92 theme ® 1189:1189 arg1 100-HPMC 1191:1198 MicroceLac(®)100 > MicroceLac(®)100-HPMC 1159:1198 MicroceLac(®)100 > MicroceLac(®)100-HPMC (p < 0.0001) 1159:1211 RESULTS MANOVA CI ranking was: PBM-HPMC > PBM > MicroceLac(®)100 > MicroceLac(®)100-HPMC (p < 0.0001). 26055403 7 92 theme ® 1189:1189 arg1 p < 0.0001 1201:1210 p < 0.0001 1201:1210 p < 0.0001 1201:1210 RESULTS MANOVA CI ranking was: PBM-HPMC > PBM > MicroceLac(®)100 > MicroceLac(®)100-HPMC (p < 0.0001). 26055403 8 93 theme TMS 1249:1251 arg1 values 1253:1258 PBM's and PBM-HPMC's TMS values 1228:1258 PBM's and PBM-HPMC's TMS values 1228:1258 MANOVA showed PBM's and PBM-HPMC's TMS values were lower than MicroceLac(®)100 and MicroceLac(®)100-HPMC (p < 0.0001). 26055403 1 94 theme physico-mechanical 196:213 arg1 properties 215:224 the physico-mechanical properties 192:224 the physico-mechanical properties of coprocessed MacroceLac(®) 100 using 'DM(3)' approach 192:280 PURPOSE To determine the effect of relative humidity (RH) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) on the physico-mechanical properties of coprocessed MacroceLac(®) 100 using 'DM(3)' approach. 26055403 7 95 theme MicroceLac 1178:1187 arg1 100-HPMC 1191:1198 MicroceLac(®)100 > MicroceLac(®)100-HPMC 1159:1198 MicroceLac(®)100 > MicroceLac(®)100-HPMC (p < 0.0001) 1159:1211 RESULTS MANOVA CI ranking was: PBM-HPMC > PBM > MicroceLac(®)100 > MicroceLac(®)100-HPMC (p < 0.0001). 26055403 7 95 theme MicroceLac 1178:1187 arg1 p < 0.0001 1201:1210 p < 0.0001 1201:1210 p < 0.0001 1201:1210 RESULTS MANOVA CI ranking was: PBM-HPMC > PBM > MicroceLac(®)100 > MicroceLac(®)100-HPMC (p < 0.0001). 26055403 2 96 theme RH 302:303 arg1 Effects 291:297 METHODS Effects 283:297 METHODS Effects of RH and 5% w/w HPMC on MacroceLac(®) 100 Compressibility Index (CI) and tablet mechanical strength (TMS) 283:404 METHODS Effects of RH and 5% w/w HPMC on MacroceLac(®) 100 Compressibility Index (CI) and tablet mechanical strength (TMS) were evaluated by 'DM(3)'. 26826401 0 0 theme pulsed 29:34 arg1 imaging 36:42 terahertz pulsed imaging 19:42 terahertz pulsed imaging 19:42 The application of terahertz pulsed imaging in characterising density distribution of roll-compacted ribbons. 26826401 3 1 from assurance 526:534 arg1 critical 486:493 critical 486:493 critical 486:493 Accurate characterisation of ribbon density distribution is critical in process control and quality assurance. 26826401 2 2 theme ribbon 279:284 arg1 distribution 294:305 The ribbon density distribution 275:305 The ribbon density distribution 275:305 The ribbon density distribution plays an important role in controlling properties of granules (e.g. granule size distribution, porosity and strength). 26826401 1 3 theme chemical 193:200 arg1 industries 219:228 pharmaceutical, fine chemical and agrochemical industries 172:228 pharmaceutical, fine chemical and agrochemical industries 172:228 Roll compaction is a commonly used dry granulation process in pharmaceutical, fine chemical and agrochemical industries for materials sensitive to heat or moisture. 26826401 10 4 theme ribbons 1598:1604 arg1 width 1585:1589 the width 1581:1589 the width of the ribbons 1581:1604 Variations of density distribution across the width of the ribbons are also obtained using both the section method and the terahertz imaging system. 26826401 11 5 theme section 1791:1797 arg1 method 1799:1804 the section method 1787:1804 the section method 1787:1804 It is found that the terahertz imaging results are in excellent agreement with that obtained using the section method, demonstrating that terahertz imaging is a feasible and rapid tool to characterise ribbon density distributions. 26826401 1 6 theme agrochemical 206:217 arg1 industries 219:228 pharmaceutical, fine chemical and agrochemical industries 172:228 pharmaceutical, fine chemical and agrochemical industries 172:228 Roll compaction is a commonly used dry granulation process in pharmaceutical, fine chemical and agrochemical industries for materials sensitive to heat or moisture. 26826401 5 7 theme pulse 849:853 arg1 technique 877:885 a feasible technique 866:885 a feasible technique for quantifying ribbon density distribution 866:929 The aim of this study is to explore whether terahertz pulse imaging is a feasible technique for quantifying ribbon density distribution. 26826401 5 7 theme pulse 849:853 arg1 imaging 855:861 terahertz pulse imaging 839:861 terahertz pulse imaging 839:861 The aim of this study is to explore whether terahertz pulse imaging is a feasible technique for quantifying ribbon density distribution. 26826401 6 8 theme cellulose 984:992 arg1 grades 957:962 two grades 953:962 two grades of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), Avicel PH102 and DG 953:1019 Ribbons were made of two grades of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), Avicel PH102 and DG, using a roll compactor at various process conditions and the ribbon density variation was investigated using terahertz imaging and section methods. 26826401 8 9 theme refractive 1318:1327 arg1 index 1329:1333 An average refractive index 1307:1333 An average refractive index 1307:1333 An average refractive index is calculated from the refractive index values in the frequency range between 0.5 and 1.5THz. 26826401 9 10 theme ribbon 1510:1515 arg1 middle 1496:1501 the middle 1492:1501 the middle of the ribbon 1492:1515 It is shown that the refractive index gradually decreases from the middle of the ribbon towards to the edges. 26826401 1 11 theme used 140:143 arg1 process 161:167 a commonly used dry granulation process 129:167 a commonly used dry granulation process in pharmaceutical, fine chemical and agrochemical industries for materials sensitive to heat or moisture 129:272 Roll compaction is a commonly used dry granulation process in pharmaceutical, fine chemical and agrochemical industries for materials sensitive to heat or moisture. 26826401 1 11 theme used 140:143 arg1 compaction 115:124 Roll compaction 110:124 Roll compaction 110:124 Roll compaction is a commonly used dry granulation process in pharmaceutical, fine chemical and agrochemical industries for materials sensitive to heat or moisture. 26826401 6 12 theme roll 1030:1033 arg1 compactor 1035:1043 a roll compactor 1028:1043 a roll compactor 1028:1043 Ribbons were made of two grades of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), Avicel PH102 and DG, using a roll compactor at various process conditions and the ribbon density variation was investigated using terahertz imaging and section methods. 26826401 0 13 theme density 62:68 arg1 distribution 70:81 density distribution 62:81 density distribution of roll-compacted ribbons 62:107 The application of terahertz pulsed imaging in characterising density distribution of roll-compacted ribbons. 26826401 11 14 with agreement 1752:1760 arg1 that 1767:1770 that 1767:1770 that 1767:1770 It is found that the terahertz imaging results are in excellent agreement with that obtained using the section method, demonstrating that terahertz imaging is a feasible and rapid tool to characterise ribbon density distributions. 26826401 1 15 theme granulation 149:159 arg1 process 161:167 a commonly used dry granulation process 129:167 a commonly used dry granulation process in pharmaceutical, fine chemical and agrochemical industries for materials sensitive to heat or moisture 129:272 Roll compaction is a commonly used dry granulation process in pharmaceutical, fine chemical and agrochemical industries for materials sensitive to heat or moisture. 26826401 1 15 theme granulation 149:159 arg1 compaction 115:124 Roll compaction 110:124 Roll compaction 110:124 Roll compaction is a commonly used dry granulation process in pharmaceutical, fine chemical and agrochemical industries for materials sensitive to heat or moisture. 26826401 8 16 theme refractive 1358:1367 arg1 values 1375:1380 the refractive index values 1354:1380 the refractive index values in the frequency range between 0.5 and 1.5THz 1354:1426 An average refractive index is calculated from the refractive index values in the frequency range between 0.5 and 1.5THz. 26826401 1 17 from process 161:167 arg1 industries 219:228 pharmaceutical, fine chemical and agrochemical industries 172:228 pharmaceutical, fine chemical and agrochemical industries 172:228 Roll compaction is a commonly used dry granulation process in pharmaceutical, fine chemical and agrochemical industries for materials sensitive to heat or moisture. 26826401 6 18 theme DG 1018:1019 arg1 grades 957:962 two grades 953:962 two grades of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), Avicel PH102 and DG 953:1019 Ribbons were made of two grades of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), Avicel PH102 and DG, using a roll compactor at various process conditions and the ribbon density variation was investigated using terahertz imaging and section methods. 26826401 0 19 theme ribbons 101:107 arg1 distribution 70:81 density distribution 62:81 density distribution of roll-compacted ribbons 62:107 The application of terahertz pulsed imaging in characterising density distribution of roll-compacted ribbons. 26826401 10 20 theme terahertz 1662:1670 arg1 system 1680:1685 the terahertz imaging system 1658:1685 the terahertz imaging system 1658:1685 Variations of density distribution across the width of the ribbons are also obtained using both the section method and the terahertz imaging system. 26826401 0 21 theme imaging 36:42 arg1 application 4:14 The application 0:14 The application of terahertz pulsed imaging in characterising density distribution of roll-compacted ribbons. 0:108 The application of terahertz pulsed imaging in characterising density distribution of roll-compacted ribbons. 26826401 6 22 theme ribbon 1083:1088 arg1 variation 1098:1106 the ribbon density variation 1079:1106 the ribbon density variation 1079:1106 Ribbons were made of two grades of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), Avicel PH102 and DG, using a roll compactor at various process conditions and the ribbon density variation was investigated using terahertz imaging and section methods. 26826401 4 23 theme chemical 772:779 arg1 compositions 781:792 chemical compositions 772:792 chemical compositions 772:792 The terahertz imaging system has a great application potential in achieving this as the terahertz radiation has the ability to penetrate most of the pharmaceutical excipients and the refractive index reflects variations in density and chemical compositions. 26826401 11 24 theme density 1896:1902 arg1 distributions 1904:1916 ribbon density distributions 1889:1916 ribbon density distributions 1889:1916 It is found that the terahertz imaging results are in excellent agreement with that obtained using the section method, demonstrating that terahertz imaging is a feasible and rapid tool to characterise ribbon density distributions. 26826401 5 25 theme terahertz 839:847 arg1 technique 877:885 a feasible technique 866:885 a feasible technique for quantifying ribbon density distribution 866:929 The aim of this study is to explore whether terahertz pulse imaging is a feasible technique for quantifying ribbon density distribution. 26826401 5 25 theme terahertz 839:847 arg1 imaging 855:861 terahertz pulse imaging 839:861 terahertz pulse imaging 839:861 The aim of this study is to explore whether terahertz pulse imaging is a feasible technique for quantifying ribbon density distribution. 26826401 4 26 theme great 572:576 arg1 potential 590:598 a great application potential 570:598 a great application potential 570:598 The terahertz imaging system has a great application potential in achieving this as the terahertz radiation has the ability to penetrate most of the pharmaceutical excipients and the refractive index reflects variations in density and chemical compositions. 26826401 6 27 theme process 1056:1062 arg1 conditions 1064:1073 various process conditions 1048:1073 various process conditions 1048:1073 Ribbons were made of two grades of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), Avicel PH102 and DG, using a roll compactor at various process conditions and the ribbon density variation was investigated using terahertz imaging and section methods. 26826401 3 28 theme distribution 470:481 arg1 characterisation 435:450 Accurate characterisation 426:450 Accurate characterisation of ribbon density distribution 426:481 Accurate characterisation of ribbon density distribution is critical in process control and quality assurance. 26826401 9 29 theme refractive 1450:1459 arg1 index 1461:1465 the refractive index 1446:1465 the refractive index 1446:1465 It is shown that the refractive index gradually decreases from the middle of the ribbon towards to the edges. 26826401 7 30 theme density 1174:1180 arg1 variations 1182:1191 The density variations 1170:1191 The density variations obtained from both methods 1170:1218 The density variations obtained from both methods were compared to explore the reliability and accuracy of the terahertz imaging system. 26826401 4 31 theme imaging 551:557 arg1 system 559:564 The terahertz imaging system 537:564 The terahertz imaging system 537:564 The terahertz imaging system has a great application potential in achieving this as the terahertz radiation has the ability to penetrate most of the pharmaceutical excipients and the refractive index reflects variations in density and chemical compositions. 26826401 3 32 theme ribbon 455:460 arg1 distribution 470:481 ribbon density distribution 455:481 ribbon density distribution 455:481 Accurate characterisation of ribbon density distribution is critical in process control and quality assurance. 26826401 1 33 dep pharmaceutical 172:185 arg1 fine 188:191 fine 188:191 fine 188:191 Roll compaction is a commonly used dry granulation process in pharmaceutical, fine chemical and agrochemical industries for materials sensitive to heat or moisture. 26826401 2 34 theme granules 360:367 arg1 properties 346:355 properties 346:355 properties of granules (e.g. granule size distribution, porosity and strength) 346:423 The ribbon density distribution plays an important role in controlling properties of granules (e.g. granule size distribution, porosity and strength). 26826401 3 35 theme process 498:504 arg1 control 506:512 process control 498:512 process control 498:512 Accurate characterisation of ribbon density distribution is critical in process control and quality assurance. 26826401 6 36 theme terahertz 1131:1139 arg1 imaging 1141:1147 terahertz imaging 1131:1147 terahertz imaging 1131:1147 Ribbons were made of two grades of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), Avicel PH102 and DG, using a roll compactor at various process conditions and the ribbon density variation was investigated using terahertz imaging and section methods. 26826401 4 37 theme terahertz 625:633 arg1 radiation 635:643 the terahertz radiation 621:643 the terahertz radiation 621:643 The terahertz imaging system has a great application potential in achieving this as the terahertz radiation has the ability to penetrate most of the pharmaceutical excipients and the refractive index reflects variations in density and chemical compositions. 26826401 11 38 theme imaging 1719:1725 arg1 results 1727:1733 the terahertz imaging results 1705:1733 the terahertz imaging results 1705:1733 It is found that the terahertz imaging results are in excellent agreement with that obtained using the section method, demonstrating that terahertz imaging is a feasible and rapid tool to characterise ribbon density distributions. 26826401 2 39 theme size 383:386 arg1 distribution 388:399 granule size distribution 375:399 granule size distribution 375:399 The ribbon density distribution plays an important role in controlling properties of granules (e.g. granule size distribution, porosity and strength). 26826401 7 40 theme terahertz 1281:1289 arg1 system 1299:1304 the terahertz imaging system 1277:1304 the terahertz imaging system 1277:1304 The density variations obtained from both methods were compared to explore the reliability and accuracy of the terahertz imaging system. 26826401 10 41 theme density 1553:1559 arg1 distribution 1561:1572 density distribution 1553:1572 density distribution across the width of the ribbons 1553:1604 Variations of density distribution across the width of the ribbons are also obtained using both the section method and the terahertz imaging system. 26826401 4 42 contain has 566:568 arg2 potential 590:598 a great application potential 570:598 a great application potential 570:598 The terahertz imaging system has a great application potential in achieving this as the terahertz radiation has the ability to penetrate most of the pharmaceutical excipients and the refractive index reflects variations in density and chemical compositions. 26826401 4 42 contain has 566:568 arg1 system 559:564 The terahertz imaging system 537:564 The terahertz imaging system 537:564 The terahertz imaging system has a great application potential in achieving this as the terahertz radiation has the ability to penetrate most of the pharmaceutical excipients and the refractive index reflects variations in density and chemical compositions. 26826401 2 43 theme density 286:292 arg1 distribution 294:305 The ribbon density distribution 275:305 The ribbon density distribution 275:305 The ribbon density distribution plays an important role in controlling properties of granules (e.g. granule size distribution, porosity and strength). 26826401 1 44 theme pharmaceutical 172:185 arg1 industries 219:228 pharmaceutical, fine chemical and agrochemical industries 172:228 pharmaceutical, fine chemical and agrochemical industries 172:228 Roll compaction is a commonly used dry granulation process in pharmaceutical, fine chemical and agrochemical industries for materials sensitive to heat or moisture. 26826401 3 45 from control 506:512 arg1 critical 486:493 critical 486:493 critical 486:493 Accurate characterisation of ribbon density distribution is critical in process control and quality assurance. 26826401 5 46 theme ribbon 903:908 arg1 distribution 918:929 ribbon density distribution 903:929 ribbon density distribution 903:929 The aim of this study is to explore whether terahertz pulse imaging is a feasible technique for quantifying ribbon density distribution. 26826401 6 47 theme Avicel 1001:1006 arg1 grades 957:962 two grades 953:962 two grades of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), Avicel PH102 and DG 953:1019 Ribbons were made of two grades of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), Avicel PH102 and DG, using a roll compactor at various process conditions and the ribbon density variation was investigated using terahertz imaging and section methods. 26826401 4 48 theme pharmaceutical 686:699 arg1 excipients 701:710 the pharmaceutical excipients 682:710 the pharmaceutical excipients 682:710 The terahertz imaging system has a great application potential in achieving this as the terahertz radiation has the ability to penetrate most of the pharmaceutical excipients and the refractive index reflects variations in density and chemical compositions. 26826401 2 49 theme important 316:324 arg1 role 326:329 an important role 313:329 an important role 313:329 The ribbon density distribution plays an important role in controlling properties of granules (e.g. granule size distribution, porosity and strength). 26826401 10 50 theme section 1639:1645 arg1 method 1647:1652 the section method 1635:1652 the section method 1635:1652 Variations of density distribution across the width of the ribbons are also obtained using both the section method and the terahertz imaging system. 26826401 11 51 theme rapid 1862:1866 arg1 imaging 1836:1842 terahertz imaging 1826:1842 terahertz imaging 1826:1842 It is found that the terahertz imaging results are in excellent agreement with that obtained using the section method, demonstrating that terahertz imaging is a feasible and rapid tool to characterise ribbon density distributions. 26826401 11 51 theme rapid 1862:1866 arg1 tool 1868:1871 a feasible and rapid tool 1847:1871 a feasible and rapid tool to characterise ribbon density distributions 1847:1916 It is found that the terahertz imaging results are in excellent agreement with that obtained using the section method, demonstrating that terahertz imaging is a feasible and rapid tool to characterise ribbon density distributions. 26826401 5 52 theme density 910:916 arg1 distribution 918:929 ribbon density distribution 903:929 ribbon density distribution 903:929 The aim of this study is to explore whether terahertz pulse imaging is a feasible technique for quantifying ribbon density distribution. 26826401 5 53 theme feasible 868:875 arg1 technique 877:885 a feasible technique 866:885 a feasible technique for quantifying ribbon density distribution 866:929 The aim of this study is to explore whether terahertz pulse imaging is a feasible technique for quantifying ribbon density distribution. 26826401 5 53 theme feasible 868:875 arg1 imaging 855:861 terahertz pulse imaging 839:861 terahertz pulse imaging 839:861 The aim of this study is to explore whether terahertz pulse imaging is a feasible technique for quantifying ribbon density distribution. 26826401 6 54 theme microcrystalline 967:982 arg1 cellulose 984:992 microcrystalline cellulose 967:992 microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) 967:998 Ribbons were made of two grades of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), Avicel PH102 and DG, using a roll compactor at various process conditions and the ribbon density variation was investigated using terahertz imaging and section methods. 26826401 6 54 theme microcrystalline 967:982 arg1 MCC 995:997 MCC 995:997 MCC 995:997 Ribbons were made of two grades of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), Avicel PH102 and DG, using a roll compactor at various process conditions and the ribbon density variation was investigated using terahertz imaging and section methods. 26826401 8 55 theme average 1310:1316 arg1 index 1329:1333 An average refractive index 1307:1333 An average refractive index 1307:1333 An average refractive index is calculated from the refractive index values in the frequency range between 0.5 and 1.5THz. 26826401 11 56 theme terahertz 1826:1834 arg1 imaging 1836:1842 terahertz imaging 1826:1842 terahertz imaging 1826:1842 It is found that the terahertz imaging results are in excellent agreement with that obtained using the section method, demonstrating that terahertz imaging is a feasible and rapid tool to characterise ribbon density distributions. 26826401 11 56 theme terahertz 1826:1834 arg1 tool 1868:1871 a feasible and rapid tool 1847:1871 a feasible and rapid tool to characterise ribbon density distributions 1847:1916 It is found that the terahertz imaging results are in excellent agreement with that obtained using the section method, demonstrating that terahertz imaging is a feasible and rapid tool to characterise ribbon density distributions. 26826401 4 57 contain has 645:647 arg1 radiation 635:643 the terahertz radiation 621:643 the terahertz radiation 621:643 The terahertz imaging system has a great application potential in achieving this as the terahertz radiation has the ability to penetrate most of the pharmaceutical excipients and the refractive index reflects variations in density and chemical compositions. 26826401 4 57 contain has 645:647 arg2 ability 653:659 the ability to penetrate most of the pharmaceutical excipients 649:710 the ability to penetrate most of the pharmaceutical excipients 649:710 The terahertz imaging system has a great application potential in achieving this as the terahertz radiation has the ability to penetrate most of the pharmaceutical excipients and the refractive index reflects variations in density and chemical compositions. 26826401 1 58 theme dry 145:147 arg1 process 161:167 a commonly used dry granulation process 129:167 a commonly used dry granulation process in pharmaceutical, fine chemical and agrochemical industries for materials sensitive to heat or moisture 129:272 Roll compaction is a commonly used dry granulation process in pharmaceutical, fine chemical and agrochemical industries for materials sensitive to heat or moisture. 26826401 1 58 theme dry 145:147 arg1 compaction 115:124 Roll compaction 110:124 Roll compaction 110:124 Roll compaction is a commonly used dry granulation process in pharmaceutical, fine chemical and agrochemical industries for materials sensitive to heat or moisture. 26826401 11 59 theme excellent 1742:1750 arg1 agreement 1752:1760 excellent agreement 1742:1760 excellent agreement with that obtained using the section method 1742:1804 It is found that the terahertz imaging results are in excellent agreement with that obtained using the section method, demonstrating that terahertz imaging is a feasible and rapid tool to characterise ribbon density distributions. 26826401 0 60 theme roll-compacted 86:99 arg1 ribbons 101:107 roll-compacted ribbons 86:107 roll-compacted ribbons 86:107 The application of terahertz pulsed imaging in characterising density distribution of roll-compacted ribbons. 26826401 4 61 theme terahertz 541:549 arg1 system 559:564 The terahertz imaging system 537:564 The terahertz imaging system 537:564 The terahertz imaging system has a great application potential in achieving this as the terahertz radiation has the ability to penetrate most of the pharmaceutical excipients and the refractive index reflects variations in density and chemical compositions. 26826401 4 62 theme refractive 720:729 arg1 index 731:735 the refractive index 716:735 the refractive index 716:735 The terahertz imaging system has a great application potential in achieving this as the terahertz radiation has the ability to penetrate most of the pharmaceutical excipients and the refractive index reflects variations in density and chemical compositions. 26826401 8 63 theme index 1369:1373 arg1 values 1375:1380 the refractive index values 1354:1380 the refractive index values in the frequency range between 0.5 and 1.5THz 1354:1426 An average refractive index is calculated from the refractive index values in the frequency range between 0.5 and 1.5THz. 26826401 7 64 theme system 1299:1304 arg1 accuracy 1265:1272 accuracy 1265:1272 accuracy 1265:1272 The density variations obtained from both methods were compared to explore the reliability and accuracy of the terahertz imaging system. 26826401 7 64 theme system 1299:1304 arg1 reliability 1249:1259 reliability 1249:1259 reliability 1249:1259 The density variations obtained from both methods were compared to explore the reliability and accuracy of the terahertz imaging system. 26826401 4 65 from variations 746:755 arg1 compositions 781:792 chemical compositions 772:792 chemical compositions 772:792 The terahertz imaging system has a great application potential in achieving this as the terahertz radiation has the ability to penetrate most of the pharmaceutical excipients and the refractive index reflects variations in density and chemical compositions. 26826401 4 65 from variations 746:755 arg1 density 760:766 density 760:766 density 760:766 The terahertz imaging system has a great application potential in achieving this as the terahertz radiation has the ability to penetrate most of the pharmaceutical excipients and the refractive index reflects variations in density and chemical compositions. 26826401 6 66 theme density 1090:1096 arg1 variation 1098:1106 the ribbon density variation 1079:1106 the ribbon density variation 1079:1106 Ribbons were made of two grades of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), Avicel PH102 and DG, using a roll compactor at various process conditions and the ribbon density variation was investigated using terahertz imaging and section methods. 26826401 3 67 theme density 462:468 arg1 distribution 470:481 ribbon density distribution 455:481 ribbon density distribution 455:481 Accurate characterisation of ribbon density distribution is critical in process control and quality assurance. 26826401 4 68 theme application 578:588 arg1 potential 590:598 a great application potential 570:598 a great application potential 570:598 The terahertz imaging system has a great application potential in achieving this as the terahertz radiation has the ability to penetrate most of the pharmaceutical excipients and the refractive index reflects variations in density and chemical compositions. 26826401 8 69 theme frequency 1389:1397 arg1 range 1399:1403 the frequency range 1385:1403 the frequency range between 0.5 and 1.5THz 1385:1426 An average refractive index is calculated from the refractive index values in the frequency range between 0.5 and 1.5THz. 26826401 0 70 theme terahertz 19:27 arg1 imaging 36:42 terahertz pulsed imaging 19:42 terahertz pulsed imaging 19:42 The application of terahertz pulsed imaging in characterising density distribution of roll-compacted ribbons. 26826401 1 71 theme Roll 110:113 arg1 process 161:167 a commonly used dry granulation process 129:167 a commonly used dry granulation process in pharmaceutical, fine chemical and agrochemical industries for materials sensitive to heat or moisture 129:272 Roll compaction is a commonly used dry granulation process in pharmaceutical, fine chemical and agrochemical industries for materials sensitive to heat or moisture. 26826401 1 71 theme Roll 110:113 arg1 compaction 115:124 Roll compaction 110:124 Roll compaction 110:124 Roll compaction is a commonly used dry granulation process in pharmaceutical, fine chemical and agrochemical industries for materials sensitive to heat or moisture. 26826401 5 72 theme study 811:815 arg1 aim 799:801 The aim 795:801 The aim of this study 795:815 The aim of this study is to explore whether terahertz pulse imaging is a feasible technique for quantifying ribbon density distribution. 26826401 6 73 theme various 1048:1054 arg1 conditions 1064:1073 various process conditions 1048:1073 various process conditions 1048:1073 Ribbons were made of two grades of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), Avicel PH102 and DG, using a roll compactor at various process conditions and the ribbon density variation was investigated using terahertz imaging and section methods. 26826401 3 74 theme Accurate 426:433 arg1 characterisation 435:450 Accurate characterisation 426:450 Accurate characterisation of ribbon density distribution 426:481 Accurate characterisation of ribbon density distribution is critical in process control and quality assurance. 26826401 10 75 theme imaging 1672:1678 arg1 system 1680:1685 the terahertz imaging system 1658:1685 the terahertz imaging system 1658:1685 Variations of density distribution across the width of the ribbons are also obtained using both the section method and the terahertz imaging system. 26826401 6 76 theme section 1153:1159 arg1 methods 1161:1167 section methods 1153:1167 section methods 1153:1167 Ribbons were made of two grades of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), Avicel PH102 and DG, using a roll compactor at various process conditions and the ribbon density variation was investigated using terahertz imaging and section methods. 26826401 2 77 theme granule 375:381 arg1 distribution 388:399 granule size distribution 375:399 granule size distribution 375:399 The ribbon density distribution plays an important role in controlling properties of granules (e.g. granule size distribution, porosity and strength). 26826401 3 78 from critical 486:493 arg1 control 506:512 process control 498:512 process control 498:512 Accurate characterisation of ribbon density distribution is critical in process control and quality assurance. 26826401 3 78 from critical 486:493 arg1 assurance 526:534 quality assurance 518:534 quality assurance 518:534 Accurate characterisation of ribbon density distribution is critical in process control and quality assurance. 26826401 3 79 theme quality 518:524 arg1 assurance 526:534 quality assurance 518:534 quality assurance 518:534 Accurate characterisation of ribbon density distribution is critical in process control and quality assurance. 26826401 7 80 theme imaging 1291:1297 arg1 system 1299:1304 the terahertz imaging system 1277:1304 the terahertz imaging system 1277:1304 The density variations obtained from both methods were compared to explore the reliability and accuracy of the terahertz imaging system. 26826401 11 81 theme terahertz 1709:1717 arg1 results 1727:1733 the terahertz imaging results 1705:1733 the terahertz imaging results 1705:1733 It is found that the terahertz imaging results are in excellent agreement with that obtained using the section method, demonstrating that terahertz imaging is a feasible and rapid tool to characterise ribbon density distributions. 26826401 2 82 dep distribution 388:399 arg1 e.g. 370:373 e.g. 370:373 e.g. 370:373 The ribbon density distribution plays an important role in controlling properties of granules (e.g. granule size distribution, porosity and strength). 26826401 11 83 theme feasible 1849:1856 arg1 imaging 1836:1842 terahertz imaging 1826:1842 terahertz imaging 1826:1842 It is found that the terahertz imaging results are in excellent agreement with that obtained using the section method, demonstrating that terahertz imaging is a feasible and rapid tool to characterise ribbon density distributions. 26826401 11 83 theme feasible 1849:1856 arg1 tool 1868:1871 a feasible and rapid tool 1847:1871 a feasible and rapid tool to characterise ribbon density distributions 1847:1916 It is found that the terahertz imaging results are in excellent agreement with that obtained using the section method, demonstrating that terahertz imaging is a feasible and rapid tool to characterise ribbon density distributions. 26826401 8 84 from values 1375:1380 arg1 range 1399:1403 the frequency range 1385:1403 the frequency range between 0.5 and 1.5THz 1385:1426 An average refractive index is calculated from the refractive index values in the frequency range between 0.5 and 1.5THz. 26826401 1 85 theme sensitive 244:252 arg1 materials 234:242 materials 234:242 materials sensitive to heat or moisture 234:272 Roll compaction is a commonly used dry granulation process in pharmaceutical, fine chemical and agrochemical industries for materials sensitive to heat or moisture. 26826401 10 86 theme distribution 1561:1572 arg1 Variations 1539:1548 Variations 1539:1548 Variations of density distribution across the width of the ribbons 1539:1604 Variations of density distribution across the width of the ribbons are also obtained using both the section method and the terahertz imaging system. 26826401 11 87 theme ribbon 1889:1894 arg1 distributions 1904:1916 ribbon density distributions 1889:1916 ribbon density distributions 1889:1916 It is found that the terahertz imaging results are in excellent agreement with that obtained using the section method, demonstrating that terahertz imaging is a feasible and rapid tool to characterise ribbon density distributions. 27278057 4 0 theme two-factor 624:633 arg1 FCCD 688:691 FCCD 688:691 FCCD 688:691 A two-factor, three-level face-centered central composite design (FCCD) is applied to investigate the impact of different factors on drug release profile. 27278057 4 0 theme two-factor 624:633 arg1 design 680:685 A two-factor, three-level face-centered central composite design 622:685 A two-factor, three-level face-centered central composite design (FCCD) 622:692 A two-factor, three-level face-centered central composite design (FCCD) is applied to investigate the impact of different factors on drug release profile. 27278057 5 1 theme % 926:926 arg1 bioavailability 885:899 relative bioavailability 876:899 relative bioavailability of 99.2% for MTF and 99.3% for GLZ 876:934 Compared with conventional tablets, the EOP tablet demonstrates a controlled release behavior with relative bioavailability of 99.2% for MTF and 99.3% for GLZ. 27278057 2 2 theme osmotic 272:278 arg1 tablet 292:297 elementary osmotic pump ( EOP) tablet 261:297 elementary osmotic pump ( EOP) tablet 261:297 In the present study, elementary osmotic pump ( EOP) tablet is designed to deliver the combination of MTF and GLZ in a sustained and synchronized manner. 27278057 2 3 theme pump 280:283 arg1 tablet 292:297 elementary osmotic pump ( EOP) tablet 261:297 elementary osmotic pump ( EOP) tablet 261:297 In the present study, elementary osmotic pump ( EOP) tablet is designed to deliver the combination of MTF and GLZ in a sustained and synchronized manner. 27278057 4 4 dep two-factor 624:633 arg1 three-level 636:646 three-level 636:646 three-level 636:646 A two-factor, three-level face-centered central composite design (FCCD) is applied to investigate the impact of different factors on drug release profile. 27278057 2 5 theme elementary 261:270 arg1 tablet 292:297 elementary osmotic pump ( EOP) tablet 261:297 elementary osmotic pump ( EOP) tablet 261:297 In the present study, elementary osmotic pump ( EOP) tablet is designed to deliver the combination of MTF and GLZ in a sustained and synchronized manner. 27278057 3 6 theme GLZ 527:529 arg1 release 516:522 the release 512:522 the release of GLZ 512:529 By analyzing different variables of the formulation, sodium hydrogen carbonate is introduced as pH modifier to improve the release of GLZ, while ethyl cellulose acts as release retardant to reduce the burst release phase of MTF. 27278057 3 7 theme sodium 446:451 arg1 modifier 492:499 pH modifier 489:499 pH modifier 489:499 By analyzing different variables of the formulation, sodium hydrogen carbonate is introduced as pH modifier to improve the release of GLZ, while ethyl cellulose acts as release retardant to reduce the burst release phase of MTF. 27278057 3 7 theme sodium 446:451 arg1 carbonate 462:470 sodium hydrogen carbonate 446:470 sodium hydrogen carbonate 446:470 By analyzing different variables of the formulation, sodium hydrogen carbonate is introduced as pH modifier to improve the release of GLZ, while ethyl cellulose acts as release retardant to reduce the burst release phase of MTF. 27278057 5 8 with behavior 862:869 arg1 bioavailability 885:899 relative bioavailability 876:899 relative bioavailability of 99.2% for MTF and 99.3% for GLZ 876:934 Compared with conventional tablets, the EOP tablet demonstrates a controlled release behavior with relative bioavailability of 99.2% for MTF and 99.3% for GLZ. 27278057 3 9 theme pH 489:490 arg1 modifier 492:499 pH modifier 489:499 pH modifier 489:499 By analyzing different variables of the formulation, sodium hydrogen carbonate is introduced as pH modifier to improve the release of GLZ, while ethyl cellulose acts as release retardant to reduce the burst release phase of MTF. 27278057 3 9 theme pH 489:490 arg1 carbonate 462:470 sodium hydrogen carbonate 446:470 sodium hydrogen carbonate 446:470 By analyzing different variables of the formulation, sodium hydrogen carbonate is introduced as pH modifier to improve the release of GLZ, while ethyl cellulose acts as release retardant to reduce the burst release phase of MTF. 27278057 5 10 theme controlled 843:852 arg1 behavior 862:869 a controlled release behavior 841:869 a controlled release behavior with relative bioavailability of 99.2% for MTF and 99.3% for GLZ 841:934 Compared with conventional tablets, the EOP tablet demonstrates a controlled release behavior with relative bioavailability of 99.2% for MTF and 99.3% for GLZ. 27278057 5 11 theme conventional 791:802 arg1 tablets 804:810 conventional tablets 791:810 conventional tablets 791:810 Compared with conventional tablets, the EOP tablet demonstrates a controlled release behavior with relative bioavailability of 99.2% for MTF and 99.3% for GLZ. 27278057 6 12 theme sustained 1017:1025 arg1 manner 1027:1032 a synchronized and sustained manner 998:1032 a synchronized and sustained manner 998:1032 Data also shows EOP tablet is able to release MTF and GLZ in a synchronized and sustained manner both in vitro and in vivo. 27278057 6 13 dep tablet 957:962 arg1 able 967:970 able 967:970 able 967:970 Data also shows EOP tablet is able to release MTF and GLZ in a synchronized and sustained manner both in vitro and in vivo. 27278057 1 14 theme mellitus 215:222 arg1 DMT2 232:235 DMT2 232:235 DMT2 232:235 The combination of metformin hydrochloride (MTF) and glipizide (GLZ) is second-line medication for diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2). 27278057 1 14 theme mellitus 215:222 arg1 type 224:227 diabetes mellitus type 2 206:229 diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) 206:236 The combination of metformin hydrochloride (MTF) and glipizide (GLZ) is second-line medication for diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2). 27278057 2 15 theme GLZ 349:351 arg1 combination 326:336 the combination 322:336 the combination of MTF and GLZ 322:351 In the present study, elementary osmotic pump ( EOP) tablet is designed to deliver the combination of MTF and GLZ in a sustained and synchronized manner. 27278057 5 16 theme relative 876:883 arg1 bioavailability 885:899 relative bioavailability 876:899 relative bioavailability of 99.2% for MTF and 99.3% for GLZ 876:934 Compared with conventional tablets, the EOP tablet demonstrates a controlled release behavior with relative bioavailability of 99.2% for MTF and 99.3% for GLZ. 27278057 1 17 theme second-line 179:189 arg1 combination 111:121 The combination 107:121 The combination of metformin hydrochloride (MTF) and glipizide (GLZ) 107:174 The combination of metformin hydrochloride (MTF) and glipizide (GLZ) is second-line medication for diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2). 27278057 1 17 theme second-line 179:189 arg1 medication 191:200 second-line medication 179:200 second-line medication for diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) 179:236 The combination of metformin hydrochloride (MTF) and glipizide (GLZ) is second-line medication for diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2). 27278057 0 18 theme Synchronized 0:11 arg1 release 28:34 Synchronized and controlled release 0:34 Synchronized and controlled release of metformin 0:47 Synchronized and controlled release of metformin hydrochloride/glipizide from elementary osmotic delivery. 27278057 2 19 theme EOP 287:289 arg1 tablet 292:297 elementary osmotic pump ( EOP) tablet 261:297 elementary osmotic pump ( EOP) tablet 261:297 In the present study, elementary osmotic pump ( EOP) tablet is designed to deliver the combination of MTF and GLZ in a sustained and synchronized manner. 27278057 2 20 theme MTF 341:343 arg1 combination 326:336 the combination 322:336 the combination of MTF and GLZ 322:351 In the present study, elementary osmotic pump ( EOP) tablet is designed to deliver the combination of MTF and GLZ in a sustained and synchronized manner. 27278057 4 21 theme different 734:742 arg1 factors 744:750 different factors 734:750 different factors 734:750 A two-factor, three-level face-centered central composite design (FCCD) is applied to investigate the impact of different factors on drug release profile. 27278057 4 22 theme drug 755:758 arg1 profile 768:774 drug release profile 755:774 drug release profile 755:774 A two-factor, three-level face-centered central composite design (FCCD) is applied to investigate the impact of different factors on drug release profile. 27278057 2 23 theme synchronized 372:383 arg1 manner 385:390 a sustained and synchronized manner 356:390 a sustained and synchronized manner 356:390 In the present study, elementary osmotic pump ( EOP) tablet is designed to deliver the combination of MTF and GLZ in a sustained and synchronized manner. 27278057 0 24 theme controlled 17:26 arg1 release 28:34 Synchronized and controlled release 0:34 Synchronized and controlled release of metformin 0:47 Synchronized and controlled release of metformin hydrochloride/glipizide from elementary osmotic delivery. 27278057 1 25 theme metformin 126:134 arg1 MTF 151:153 MTF 151:153 MTF 151:153 The combination of metformin hydrochloride (MTF) and glipizide (GLZ) is second-line medication for diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2). 27278057 1 25 theme metformin 126:134 arg1 hydrochloride 136:148 metformin hydrochloride 126:148 metformin hydrochloride (MTF) 126:154 The combination of metformin hydrochloride (MTF) and glipizide (GLZ) is second-line medication for diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2). 27278057 1 26 theme diabetes 206:213 arg1 DMT2 232:235 DMT2 232:235 DMT2 232:235 The combination of metformin hydrochloride (MTF) and glipizide (GLZ) is second-line medication for diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2). 27278057 1 26 theme diabetes 206:213 arg1 type 224:227 diabetes mellitus type 2 206:229 diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) 206:236 The combination of metformin hydrochloride (MTF) and glipizide (GLZ) is second-line medication for diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2). 27278057 0 27 theme metformin 39:47 arg1 release 28:34 Synchronized and controlled release 0:34 Synchronized and controlled release of metformin 0:47 Synchronized and controlled release of metformin hydrochloride/glipizide from elementary osmotic delivery. 27278057 5 28 theme release 854:860 arg1 behavior 862:869 a controlled release behavior 841:869 a controlled release behavior with relative bioavailability of 99.2% for MTF and 99.3% for GLZ 841:934 Compared with conventional tablets, the EOP tablet demonstrates a controlled release behavior with relative bioavailability of 99.2% for MTF and 99.3% for GLZ. 27278057 3 29 theme burst 594:598 arg1 phase 608:612 the burst release phase 590:612 the burst release phase of MTF 590:619 By analyzing different variables of the formulation, sodium hydrogen carbonate is introduced as pH modifier to improve the release of GLZ, while ethyl cellulose acts as release retardant to reduce the burst release phase of MTF. 27278057 3 30 theme ethyl 538:542 arg1 cellulose 544:552 ethyl cellulose 538:552 ethyl cellulose 538:552 By analyzing different variables of the formulation, sodium hydrogen carbonate is introduced as pH modifier to improve the release of GLZ, while ethyl cellulose acts as release retardant to reduce the burst release phase of MTF. 27278057 2 31 theme sustained 358:366 arg1 manner 385:390 a sustained and synchronized manner 356:390 a sustained and synchronized manner 356:390 In the present study, elementary osmotic pump ( EOP) tablet is designed to deliver the combination of MTF and GLZ in a sustained and synchronized manner. 27278057 4 32 theme factors 744:750 arg1 impact 724:729 the impact 720:729 the impact of different factors on drug release profile 720:774 A two-factor, three-level face-centered central composite design (FCCD) is applied to investigate the impact of different factors on drug release profile. 27278057 6 33 theme EOP 953:955 arg1 tablet 957:962 EOP tablet 953:962 EOP tablet is able to release MTF and GLZ in a synchronized and sustained manner 953:1032 Data also shows EOP tablet is able to release MTF and GLZ in a synchronized and sustained manner both in vitro and in vivo. 27278057 4 34 theme release 760:766 arg1 profile 768:774 drug release profile 755:774 drug release profile 755:774 A two-factor, three-level face-centered central composite design (FCCD) is applied to investigate the impact of different factors on drug release profile. 27278057 6 35 theme synchronized 1000:1011 arg1 manner 1027:1032 a synchronized and sustained manner 998:1032 a synchronized and sustained manner 998:1032 Data also shows EOP tablet is able to release MTF and GLZ in a synchronized and sustained manner both in vitro and in vivo. 27278057 1 36 theme hydrochloride 136:148 arg1 combination 111:121 The combination 107:121 The combination of metformin hydrochloride (MTF) and glipizide (GLZ) 107:174 The combination of metformin hydrochloride (MTF) and glipizide (GLZ) is second-line medication for diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2). 27278057 1 36 theme hydrochloride 136:148 arg1 medication 191:200 second-line medication 179:200 second-line medication for diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) 179:236 The combination of metformin hydrochloride (MTF) and glipizide (GLZ) is second-line medication for diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2). 27278057 3 37 theme MTF 617:619 arg1 phase 608:612 the burst release phase 590:612 the burst release phase of MTF 590:619 By analyzing different variables of the formulation, sodium hydrogen carbonate is introduced as pH modifier to improve the release of GLZ, while ethyl cellulose acts as release retardant to reduce the burst release phase of MTF. 27278057 3 38 theme hydrogen 453:460 arg1 modifier 492:499 pH modifier 489:499 pH modifier 489:499 By analyzing different variables of the formulation, sodium hydrogen carbonate is introduced as pH modifier to improve the release of GLZ, while ethyl cellulose acts as release retardant to reduce the burst release phase of MTF. 27278057 3 38 theme hydrogen 453:460 arg1 carbonate 462:470 sodium hydrogen carbonate 446:470 sodium hydrogen carbonate 446:470 By analyzing different variables of the formulation, sodium hydrogen carbonate is introduced as pH modifier to improve the release of GLZ, while ethyl cellulose acts as release retardant to reduce the burst release phase of MTF. 27278057 4 39 theme face-centered 648:660 arg1 FCCD 688:691 FCCD 688:691 FCCD 688:691 A two-factor, three-level face-centered central composite design (FCCD) is applied to investigate the impact of different factors on drug release profile. 27278057 4 39 theme face-centered 648:660 arg1 design 680:685 A two-factor, three-level face-centered central composite design 622:685 A two-factor, three-level face-centered central composite design (FCCD) 622:692 A two-factor, three-level face-centered central composite design (FCCD) is applied to investigate the impact of different factors on drug release profile. 27278057 3 40 theme release 562:568 arg1 retardant 570:578 release retardant 562:578 release retardant 562:578 By analyzing different variables of the formulation, sodium hydrogen carbonate is introduced as pH modifier to improve the release of GLZ, while ethyl cellulose acts as release retardant to reduce the burst release phase of MTF. 27278057 2 41 theme present 246:252 arg1 study 254:258 the present study 242:258 the present study 242:258 In the present study, elementary osmotic pump ( EOP) tablet is designed to deliver the combination of MTF and GLZ in a sustained and synchronized manner. 27278057 3 42 theme formulation 433:443 arg1 variables 416:424 different variables 406:424 different variables of the formulation 406:443 By analyzing different variables of the formulation, sodium hydrogen carbonate is introduced as pH modifier to improve the release of GLZ, while ethyl cellulose acts as release retardant to reduce the burst release phase of MTF. 27278057 3 43 theme release 600:606 arg1 phase 608:612 the burst release phase 590:612 the burst release phase of MTF 590:619 By analyzing different variables of the formulation, sodium hydrogen carbonate is introduced as pH modifier to improve the release of GLZ, while ethyl cellulose acts as release retardant to reduce the burst release phase of MTF. 27278057 5 44 theme % 908:908 arg1 bioavailability 885:899 relative bioavailability 876:899 relative bioavailability of 99.2% for MTF and 99.3% for GLZ 876:934 Compared with conventional tablets, the EOP tablet demonstrates a controlled release behavior with relative bioavailability of 99.2% for MTF and 99.3% for GLZ. 27278057 4 45 theme central 662:668 arg1 FCCD 688:691 FCCD 688:691 FCCD 688:691 A two-factor, three-level face-centered central composite design (FCCD) is applied to investigate the impact of different factors on drug release profile. 27278057 4 45 theme central 662:668 arg1 design 680:685 A two-factor, three-level face-centered central composite design 622:685 A two-factor, three-level face-centered central composite design (FCCD) 622:692 A two-factor, three-level face-centered central composite design (FCCD) is applied to investigate the impact of different factors on drug release profile. 27278057 4 46 theme composite 670:678 arg1 FCCD 688:691 FCCD 688:691 FCCD 688:691 A two-factor, three-level face-centered central composite design (FCCD) is applied to investigate the impact of different factors on drug release profile. 27278057 4 46 theme composite 670:678 arg1 design 680:685 A two-factor, three-level face-centered central composite design 622:685 A two-factor, three-level face-centered central composite design (FCCD) 622:692 A two-factor, three-level face-centered central composite design (FCCD) is applied to investigate the impact of different factors on drug release profile. 27278057 0 47 theme osmotic 89:95 arg1 delivery 97:104 elementary osmotic delivery 78:104 elementary osmotic delivery 78:104 Synchronized and controlled release of metformin hydrochloride/glipizide from elementary osmotic delivery. 27278057 3 48 theme different 406:414 arg1 variables 416:424 different variables 406:424 different variables of the formulation 406:443 By analyzing different variables of the formulation, sodium hydrogen carbonate is introduced as pH modifier to improve the release of GLZ, while ethyl cellulose acts as release retardant to reduce the burst release phase of MTF. 27278057 5 49 theme EOP 817:819 arg1 tablet 821:826 the EOP tablet 813:826 the EOP tablet 813:826 Compared with conventional tablets, the EOP tablet demonstrates a controlled release behavior with relative bioavailability of 99.2% for MTF and 99.3% for GLZ. 27278057 0 50 theme elementary 78:87 arg1 delivery 97:104 elementary osmotic delivery 78:104 elementary osmotic delivery 78:104 Synchronized and controlled release of metformin hydrochloride/glipizide from elementary osmotic delivery. 27278057 4 51 from impact 724:729 arg1 profile 768:774 drug release profile 755:774 drug release profile 755:774 A two-factor, three-level face-centered central composite design (FCCD) is applied to investigate the impact of different factors on drug release profile. 27278057 1 52 theme glipizide 160:168 arg1 combination 111:121 The combination 107:121 The combination of metformin hydrochloride (MTF) and glipizide (GLZ) 107:174 The combination of metformin hydrochloride (MTF) and glipizide (GLZ) is second-line medication for diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2). 27278057 1 52 theme glipizide 160:168 arg1 medication 191:200 second-line medication 179:200 second-line medication for diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) 179:236 The combination of metformin hydrochloride (MTF) and glipizide (GLZ) is second-line medication for diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2). 27320700 3 0 from endocuticle 660:670 arg1 mineral 640:646 mineral 640:646 mineral 640:646 Extraordinarily, amorphous calcium phosphate is the predominant mineral in the claw endocuticle. 27320700 3 0 from endocuticle 660:670 arg1 phosphate 611:619 amorphous calcium phosphate 593:619 amorphous calcium phosphate 593:619 Extraordinarily, amorphous calcium phosphate is the predominant mineral in the claw endocuticle. 27320700 8 1 theme durable 1510:1516 arg1 elements 1526:1533 durable machine elements 1510:1533 durable machine elements subjected to heavy loading and wear 1510:1569 The nanoscale architecture of the isopod claw may inspire technological solutions in the design of durable machine elements subjected to heavy loading and wear. 27320700 6 2 from components 1107:1116 arg1 endocuticle 1125:1135 the endocuticle 1121:1135 the endocuticle of P. scaber 1121:1148 In contrast to the quasi-isotropic structure with chitin-protein fibers oriented in multiple directions, characteristic of the arthropod exoskeleton, the chitin-protein fibers and mineral components in the endocuticle of P. scaber claws are exclusively axially oriented. 27320700 4 3 theme calcified 693:701 arg1 exocuticle 703:712 the strongly calcified exocuticle 680:712 the strongly calcified exocuticle of the dactylus base 680:733 Unlike the strongly calcified exocuticle of the dactylus base, the claw exocuticle is devoid of mineral and is highly brominated. 27320700 5 4 theme other 887:891 arg1 parts 893:897 other parts 887:897 other parts of the exoskeleton 887:916 The architecture of the dactylus claw cuticle is drastically different from that of other parts of the exoskeleton. 27320700 1 5 theme mechanical 242:251 arg1 challenges 253:262 mechanical challenges 242:262 mechanical challenges 242:262 Skeletal elements that are exposed to heavy mechanical loads may provide important insights into the evolutionary solutions to mechanical challenges. 27320700 0 6 theme terrestrial 83:93 arg1 isopod 95:100 a terrestrial isopod 81:100 a terrestrial isopod 81:100 Axially aligned organic fibers and amorphous calcium phosphate form the claws of a terrestrial isopod (Crustacea). 27320700 8 7 theme elements 1526:1533 arg1 design 1500:1505 the design 1496:1505 the design of durable machine elements subjected to heavy loading and wear 1496:1569 The nanoscale architecture of the isopod claw may inspire technological solutions in the design of durable machine elements subjected to heavy loading and wear. 27320700 2 8 theme microscopic 281:291 arg1 architecture 293:304 the microscopic architecture 277:304 the microscopic architecture of dactylus claws 277:322 We analyzed the microscopic architecture of dactylus claws in the woodlice Porcellio scaber and correlated these observations with analyses of the claws' mineral composition with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). 27320700 6 9 theme scaber 1143:1148 arg1 endocuticle 1125:1135 the endocuticle 1121:1135 the endocuticle of P. scaber 1121:1148 In contrast to the quasi-isotropic structure with chitin-protein fibers oriented in multiple directions, characteristic of the arthropod exoskeleton, the chitin-protein fibers and mineral components in the endocuticle of P. scaber claws are exclusively axially oriented. 27320700 8 10 theme technological 1469:1481 arg1 solutions 1483:1491 technological solutions 1469:1491 technological solutions 1469:1491 The nanoscale architecture of the isopod claw may inspire technological solutions in the design of durable machine elements subjected to heavy loading and wear. 27320700 8 11 theme heavy 1548:1552 arg1 loading 1554:1560 heavy loading 1548:1560 heavy loading 1548:1560 The nanoscale architecture of the isopod claw may inspire technological solutions in the design of durable machine elements subjected to heavy loading and wear. 27320700 6 12 theme chitin-protein 969:982 arg1 fibers 984:989 chitin-protein fibers 969:989 chitin-protein fibers oriented in multiple directions, characteristic of the arthropod exoskeleton 969:1066 In contrast to the quasi-isotropic structure with chitin-protein fibers oriented in multiple directions, characteristic of the arthropod exoskeleton, the chitin-protein fibers and mineral components in the endocuticle of P. scaber claws are exclusively axially oriented. 27320700 6 13 from fibers 1088:1093 arg1 endocuticle 1125:1135 the endocuticle 1121:1135 the endocuticle of P. scaber 1121:1148 In contrast to the quasi-isotropic structure with chitin-protein fibers oriented in multiple directions, characteristic of the arthropod exoskeleton, the chitin-protein fibers and mineral components in the endocuticle of P. scaber claws are exclusively axially oriented. 27320700 6 14 theme mineral 1099:1105 arg1 components 1107:1116 mineral components 1099:1116 mineral components in the endocuticle of P. scaber 1099:1148 In contrast to the quasi-isotropic structure with chitin-protein fibers oriented in multiple directions, characteristic of the arthropod exoskeleton, the chitin-protein fibers and mineral components in the endocuticle of P. scaber claws are exclusively axially oriented. 27320700 5 15 theme exoskeleton 906:916 arg1 parts 893:897 other parts 887:897 other parts of the exoskeleton 887:916 The architecture of the dactylus claw cuticle is drastically different from that of other parts of the exoskeleton. 27320700 3 16 from mineral 640:646 arg1 endocuticle 660:670 the claw endocuticle 651:670 the claw endocuticle 651:670 Extraordinarily, amorphous calcium phosphate is the predominant mineral in the claw endocuticle. 27320700 6 17 theme P. 1140:1141 arg1 scaber 1143:1148 P. scaber 1140:1148 P. scaber 1140:1148 In contrast to the quasi-isotropic structure with chitin-protein fibers oriented in multiple directions, characteristic of the arthropod exoskeleton, the chitin-protein fibers and mineral components in the endocuticle of P. scaber claws are exclusively axially oriented. 27320700 5 18 from that 879:882 arg1 architecture 807:818 The architecture 803:818 The architecture of the dactylus claw cuticle 803:847 The architecture of the dactylus claw cuticle is drastically different from that of other parts of the exoskeleton. 27320700 5 18 from that 879:882 arg1 different 864:872 different 864:872 different 864:872 The architecture of the dactylus claw cuticle is drastically different from that of other parts of the exoskeleton. 27320700 7 19 theme axial 1367:1371 arg1 loading 1373:1379 predominant axial loading 1355:1379 predominant axial loading of the thin, elongated claws 1355:1408 Taken together, these characteristics suggest that the claw cuticle is highly structurally anisotropic and fracture resistant and can be explained as adaptations to predominant axial loading of the thin, elongated claws. 27320700 5 20 theme cuticle 841:847 arg1 different 864:872 different 864:872 different 864:872 The architecture of the dactylus claw cuticle is drastically different from that of other parts of the exoskeleton. 27320700 5 20 theme cuticle 841:847 arg1 architecture 807:818 The architecture 803:818 The architecture of the dactylus claw cuticle 803:847 The architecture of the dactylus claw cuticle is drastically different from that of other parts of the exoskeleton. 27320700 0 21 theme isopod 95:100 arg1 claws 72:76 the claws 68:76 the claws of a terrestrial isopod 68:100 Axially aligned organic fibers and amorphous calcium phosphate form the claws of a terrestrial isopod (Crustacea). 27320700 6 22 with structure 954:962 arg1 fibers 984:989 chitin-protein fibers 969:989 chitin-protein fibers oriented in multiple directions, characteristic of the arthropod exoskeleton 969:1066 In contrast to the quasi-isotropic structure with chitin-protein fibers oriented in multiple directions, characteristic of the arthropod exoskeleton, the chitin-protein fibers and mineral components in the endocuticle of P. scaber claws are exclusively axially oriented. 27320700 1 23 theme heavy 153:157 arg1 loads 170:174 heavy mechanical loads 153:174 heavy mechanical loads 153:174 Skeletal elements that are exposed to heavy mechanical loads may provide important insights into the evolutionary solutions to mechanical challenges. 27320700 0 24 theme aligned 8:14 arg1 fibers 24:29 Axially aligned organic fibers 0:29 Axially aligned organic fibers 0:29 Axially aligned organic fibers and amorphous calcium phosphate form the claws of a terrestrial isopod (Crustacea). 27320700 2 25 theme claws 318:322 arg1 architecture 293:304 the microscopic architecture 277:304 the microscopic architecture of dactylus claws 277:322 We analyzed the microscopic architecture of dactylus claws in the woodlice Porcellio scaber and correlated these observations with analyses of the claws' mineral composition with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). 27320700 8 26 theme claw 1452:1455 arg1 architecture 1425:1436 The nanoscale architecture 1411:1436 The nanoscale architecture of the isopod claw 1411:1455 The nanoscale architecture of the isopod claw may inspire technological solutions in the design of durable machine elements subjected to heavy loading and wear. 27320700 1 27 theme mechanical 159:168 arg1 loads 170:174 heavy mechanical loads 153:174 heavy mechanical loads 153:174 Skeletal elements that are exposed to heavy mechanical loads may provide important insights into the evolutionary solutions to mechanical challenges. 27320700 2 28 theme energy 444:449 arg1 spectrometry 468:479 energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry 444:479 energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) 444:485 We analyzed the microscopic architecture of dactylus claws in the woodlice Porcellio scaber and correlated these observations with analyses of the claws' mineral composition with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). 27320700 2 28 theme energy 444:449 arg1 EDX 482:484 EDX 482:484 EDX 482:484 We analyzed the microscopic architecture of dactylus claws in the woodlice Porcellio scaber and correlated these observations with analyses of the claws' mineral composition with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). 27320700 2 29 theme dactylus 309:316 arg1 claws 318:322 dactylus claws 309:322 dactylus claws 309:322 We analyzed the microscopic architecture of dactylus claws in the woodlice Porcellio scaber and correlated these observations with analyses of the claws' mineral composition with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). 27320700 4 30 theme base 730:733 arg1 exocuticle 703:712 the strongly calcified exocuticle 680:712 the strongly calcified exocuticle of the dactylus base 680:733 Unlike the strongly calcified exocuticle of the dactylus base, the claw exocuticle is devoid of mineral and is highly brominated. 27320700 2 31 theme area 542:545 arg1 diffraction 556:566 selected area electron diffraction 533:566 selected area electron diffraction (SAED) 533:573 We analyzed the microscopic architecture of dactylus claws in the woodlice Porcellio scaber and correlated these observations with analyses of the claws' mineral composition with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). 27320700 2 31 theme area 542:545 arg1 SAED 569:572 SAED 569:572 SAED 569:572 We analyzed the microscopic architecture of dactylus claws in the woodlice Porcellio scaber and correlated these observations with analyses of the claws' mineral composition with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). 27320700 4 32 theme claw 740:743 arg1 devoid 759:764 devoid 759:764 devoid 759:764 Unlike the strongly calcified exocuticle of the dactylus base, the claw exocuticle is devoid of mineral and is highly brominated. 27320700 4 32 theme claw 740:743 arg1 exocuticle 745:754 the claw exocuticle 736:754 the claw exocuticle 736:754 Unlike the strongly calcified exocuticle of the dactylus base, the claw exocuticle is devoid of mineral and is highly brominated. 27320700 2 33 theme mineral 419:425 arg1 composition 427:437 the claws' mineral composition 408:437 the claws' mineral composition with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) 408:573 We analyzed the microscopic architecture of dactylus claws in the woodlice Porcellio scaber and correlated these observations with analyses of the claws' mineral composition with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). 27320700 0 34 theme organic 16:22 arg1 fibers 24:29 Axially aligned organic fibers 0:29 Axially aligned organic fibers 0:29 Axially aligned organic fibers and amorphous calcium phosphate form the claws of a terrestrial isopod (Crustacea). 27320700 6 35 theme quasi-isotropic 938:952 arg1 structure 954:962 the quasi-isotropic structure 934:962 the quasi-isotropic structure with chitin-protein fibers oriented in multiple directions, characteristic of the arthropod exoskeleton 934:1066 In contrast to the quasi-isotropic structure with chitin-protein fibers oriented in multiple directions, characteristic of the arthropod exoskeleton, the chitin-protein fibers and mineral components in the endocuticle of P. scaber claws are exclusively axially oriented. 27320700 2 36 theme selected 533:540 arg1 diffraction 556:566 selected area electron diffraction 533:566 selected area electron diffraction (SAED) 533:573 We analyzed the microscopic architecture of dactylus claws in the woodlice Porcellio scaber and correlated these observations with analyses of the claws' mineral composition with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). 27320700 2 36 theme selected 533:540 arg1 SAED 569:572 SAED 569:572 SAED 569:572 We analyzed the microscopic architecture of dactylus claws in the woodlice Porcellio scaber and correlated these observations with analyses of the claws' mineral composition with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). 27320700 0 37 dep form 63:66 arg1 Crustacea 103:111 Crustacea 103:111 Crustacea 103:111 Axially aligned organic fibers and amorphous calcium phosphate form the claws of a terrestrial isopod (Crustacea). 27320700 6 38 theme arthropod 1046:1054 arg1 exoskeleton 1056:1066 the arthropod exoskeleton 1042:1066 the arthropod exoskeleton 1042:1066 In contrast to the quasi-isotropic structure with chitin-protein fibers oriented in multiple directions, characteristic of the arthropod exoskeleton, the chitin-protein fibers and mineral components in the endocuticle of P. scaber claws are exclusively axially oriented. 27320700 0 39 theme amorphous 35:43 arg1 phosphate 53:61 amorphous calcium phosphate 35:61 amorphous calcium phosphate 35:61 Axially aligned organic fibers and amorphous calcium phosphate form the claws of a terrestrial isopod (Crustacea). 27320700 5 40 theme dactylus 827:834 arg1 cuticle 841:847 the dactylus claw cuticle 823:847 the dactylus claw cuticle 823:847 The architecture of the dactylus claw cuticle is drastically different from that of other parts of the exoskeleton. 27320700 1 41 theme important 188:196 arg1 insights 198:205 important insights 188:205 important insights into the evolutionary solutions to mechanical challenges 188:262 Skeletal elements that are exposed to heavy mechanical loads may provide important insights into the evolutionary solutions to mechanical challenges. 27320700 7 42 dep thin 1388:1391 arg1 elongated 1394:1402 elongated 1394:1402 elongated 1394:1402 Taken together, these characteristics suggest that the claw cuticle is highly structurally anisotropic and fracture resistant and can be explained as adaptations to predominant axial loading of the thin, elongated claws. 27320700 7 43 theme claws 1404:1408 arg1 loading 1373:1379 predominant axial loading 1355:1379 predominant axial loading of the thin, elongated claws 1355:1408 Taken together, these characteristics suggest that the claw cuticle is highly structurally anisotropic and fracture resistant and can be explained as adaptations to predominant axial loading of the thin, elongated claws. 27320700 5 44 theme claw 836:839 arg1 cuticle 841:847 the dactylus claw cuticle 823:847 the dactylus claw cuticle 823:847 The architecture of the dactylus claw cuticle is drastically different from that of other parts of the exoskeleton. 27320700 2 45 theme loss 504:507 arg1 spectroscopy 509:520 electron energy loss spectroscopy 488:520 electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) 488:527 We analyzed the microscopic architecture of dactylus claws in the woodlice Porcellio scaber and correlated these observations with analyses of the claws' mineral composition with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). 27320700 2 45 theme loss 504:507 arg1 EELS 523:526 EELS 523:526 EELS 523:526 We analyzed the microscopic architecture of dactylus claws in the woodlice Porcellio scaber and correlated these observations with analyses of the claws' mineral composition with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). 27320700 7 46 theme claw 1245:1248 arg1 adaptations 1340:1350 adaptations 1340:1350 adaptations to predominant axial loading of the thin, elongated claws 1340:1408 Taken together, these characteristics suggest that the claw cuticle is highly structurally anisotropic and fracture resistant and can be explained as adaptations to predominant axial loading of the thin, elongated claws. 27320700 7 46 theme claw 1245:1248 arg1 cuticle 1250:1256 the claw cuticle 1241:1256 the claw cuticle 1241:1256 Taken together, these characteristics suggest that the claw cuticle is highly structurally anisotropic and fracture resistant and can be explained as adaptations to predominant axial loading of the thin, elongated claws. 27320700 7 46 theme claw 1245:1248 arg1 anisotropic 1281:1291 anisotropic 1281:1291 anisotropic 1281:1291 Taken together, these characteristics suggest that the claw cuticle is highly structurally anisotropic and fracture resistant and can be explained as adaptations to predominant axial loading of the thin, elongated claws. 27320700 7 47 theme thin 1388:1391 arg1 claws 1404:1408 the thin, elongated claws 1384:1408 the thin, elongated claws 1384:1408 Taken together, these characteristics suggest that the claw cuticle is highly structurally anisotropic and fracture resistant and can be explained as adaptations to predominant axial loading of the thin, elongated claws. 27320700 2 48 with composition 427:437 arg1 spectroscopy 509:520 electron energy loss spectroscopy 488:520 electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) 488:527 We analyzed the microscopic architecture of dactylus claws in the woodlice Porcellio scaber and correlated these observations with analyses of the claws' mineral composition with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). 27320700 2 48 with composition 427:437 arg1 EELS 523:526 EELS 523:526 EELS 523:526 We analyzed the microscopic architecture of dactylus claws in the woodlice Porcellio scaber and correlated these observations with analyses of the claws' mineral composition with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). 27320700 2 48 with composition 427:437 arg1 diffraction 556:566 selected area electron diffraction 533:566 selected area electron diffraction (SAED) 533:573 We analyzed the microscopic architecture of dactylus claws in the woodlice Porcellio scaber and correlated these observations with analyses of the claws' mineral composition with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). 27320700 2 48 with composition 427:437 arg1 SAED 569:572 SAED 569:572 SAED 569:572 We analyzed the microscopic architecture of dactylus claws in the woodlice Porcellio scaber and correlated these observations with analyses of the claws' mineral composition with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). 27320700 2 48 with composition 427:437 arg1 spectrometry 468:479 energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry 444:479 energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) 444:485 We analyzed the microscopic architecture of dactylus claws in the woodlice Porcellio scaber and correlated these observations with analyses of the claws' mineral composition with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). 27320700 2 48 with composition 427:437 arg1 EDX 482:484 EDX 482:484 EDX 482:484 We analyzed the microscopic architecture of dactylus claws in the woodlice Porcellio scaber and correlated these observations with analyses of the claws' mineral composition with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). 27320700 2 49 theme Porcellio 340:348 arg1 scaber 350:355 the woodlice Porcellio scaber 327:355 the woodlice Porcellio scaber 327:355 We analyzed the microscopic architecture of dactylus claws in the woodlice Porcellio scaber and correlated these observations with analyses of the claws' mineral composition with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). 27320700 0 50 theme calcium 45:51 arg1 phosphate 53:61 amorphous calcium phosphate 35:61 amorphous calcium phosphate 35:61 Axially aligned organic fibers and amorphous calcium phosphate form the claws of a terrestrial isopod (Crustacea). 27320700 2 51 theme X-ray 462:466 arg1 spectrometry 468:479 energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry 444:479 energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) 444:485 We analyzed the microscopic architecture of dactylus claws in the woodlice Porcellio scaber and correlated these observations with analyses of the claws' mineral composition with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). 27320700 2 51 theme X-ray 462:466 arg1 EDX 482:484 EDX 482:484 EDX 482:484 We analyzed the microscopic architecture of dactylus claws in the woodlice Porcellio scaber and correlated these observations with analyses of the claws' mineral composition with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). 27320700 8 52 theme nanoscale 1415:1423 arg1 architecture 1425:1436 The nanoscale architecture 1411:1436 The nanoscale architecture of the isopod claw 1411:1455 The nanoscale architecture of the isopod claw may inspire technological solutions in the design of durable machine elements subjected to heavy loading and wear. 27320700 7 53 theme predominant 1355:1365 arg1 loading 1373:1379 predominant axial loading 1355:1379 predominant axial loading of the thin, elongated claws 1355:1408 Taken together, these characteristics suggest that the claw cuticle is highly structurally anisotropic and fracture resistant and can be explained as adaptations to predominant axial loading of the thin, elongated claws. 27320700 2 54 theme woodlice 331:338 arg1 scaber 350:355 the woodlice Porcellio scaber 327:355 the woodlice Porcellio scaber 327:355 We analyzed the microscopic architecture of dactylus claws in the woodlice Porcellio scaber and correlated these observations with analyses of the claws' mineral composition with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). 27320700 8 55 theme isopod 1445:1450 arg1 claw 1452:1455 the isopod claw 1441:1455 the isopod claw 1441:1455 The nanoscale architecture of the isopod claw may inspire technological solutions in the design of durable machine elements subjected to heavy loading and wear. 27320700 4 56 theme dactylus 721:728 arg1 base 730:733 the dactylus base 717:733 the dactylus base 717:733 Unlike the strongly calcified exocuticle of the dactylus base, the claw exocuticle is devoid of mineral and is highly brominated. 27320700 6 57 dep fibers 1088:1093 arg1 claws 1150:1154 claws 1150:1154 claws 1150:1154 In contrast to the quasi-isotropic structure with chitin-protein fibers oriented in multiple directions, characteristic of the arthropod exoskeleton, the chitin-protein fibers and mineral components in the endocuticle of P. scaber claws are exclusively axially oriented. 27320700 6 58 theme characteristic 1024:1037 arg1 directions 1012:1021 multiple directions 1003:1021 multiple directions 1003:1021 In contrast to the quasi-isotropic structure with chitin-protein fibers oriented in multiple directions, characteristic of the arthropod exoskeleton, the chitin-protein fibers and mineral components in the endocuticle of P. scaber claws are exclusively axially oriented. 27320700 2 59 theme electron 547:554 arg1 diffraction 556:566 selected area electron diffraction 533:566 selected area electron diffraction (SAED) 533:573 We analyzed the microscopic architecture of dactylus claws in the woodlice Porcellio scaber and correlated these observations with analyses of the claws' mineral composition with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). 27320700 2 59 theme electron 547:554 arg1 SAED 569:572 SAED 569:572 SAED 569:572 We analyzed the microscopic architecture of dactylus claws in the woodlice Porcellio scaber and correlated these observations with analyses of the claws' mineral composition with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). 27320700 4 60 theme mineral 769:775 arg1 devoid 759:764 devoid 759:764 devoid 759:764 Unlike the strongly calcified exocuticle of the dactylus base, the claw exocuticle is devoid of mineral and is highly brominated. 27320700 4 60 theme mineral 769:775 arg1 exocuticle 745:754 the claw exocuticle 736:754 the claw exocuticle 736:754 Unlike the strongly calcified exocuticle of the dactylus base, the claw exocuticle is devoid of mineral and is highly brominated. 27320700 1 61 theme Skeletal 115:122 arg1 elements 124:131 Skeletal elements 115:131 Skeletal elements that are exposed to heavy mechanical loads 115:174 Skeletal elements that are exposed to heavy mechanical loads may provide important insights into the evolutionary solutions to mechanical challenges. 27320700 2 62 theme energy 497:502 arg1 spectroscopy 509:520 electron energy loss spectroscopy 488:520 electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) 488:527 We analyzed the microscopic architecture of dactylus claws in the woodlice Porcellio scaber and correlated these observations with analyses of the claws' mineral composition with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). 27320700 2 62 theme energy 497:502 arg1 EELS 523:526 EELS 523:526 EELS 523:526 We analyzed the microscopic architecture of dactylus claws in the woodlice Porcellio scaber and correlated these observations with analyses of the claws' mineral composition with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). 27320700 3 63 theme claw 655:658 arg1 endocuticle 660:670 the claw endocuticle 651:670 the claw endocuticle 651:670 Extraordinarily, amorphous calcium phosphate is the predominant mineral in the claw endocuticle. 27320700 3 64 theme amorphous 593:601 arg1 mineral 640:646 mineral 640:646 mineral 640:646 Extraordinarily, amorphous calcium phosphate is the predominant mineral in the claw endocuticle. 27320700 3 64 theme amorphous 593:601 arg1 phosphate 611:619 amorphous calcium phosphate 593:619 amorphous calcium phosphate 593:619 Extraordinarily, amorphous calcium phosphate is the predominant mineral in the claw endocuticle. 27320700 6 65 theme exoskeleton 1056:1066 arg1 characteristic 1024:1037 characteristic 1024:1037 characteristic 1024:1037 In contrast to the quasi-isotropic structure with chitin-protein fibers oriented in multiple directions, characteristic of the arthropod exoskeleton, the chitin-protein fibers and mineral components in the endocuticle of P. scaber claws are exclusively axially oriented. 27320700 6 66 theme chitin-protein 1073:1086 arg1 fibers 1088:1093 the chitin-protein fibers 1069:1093 the chitin-protein fibers 1069:1093 In contrast to the quasi-isotropic structure with chitin-protein fibers oriented in multiple directions, characteristic of the arthropod exoskeleton, the chitin-protein fibers and mineral components in the endocuticle of P. scaber claws are exclusively axially oriented. 27320700 1 67 theme evolutionary 216:227 arg1 solutions 229:237 the evolutionary solutions 212:237 the evolutionary solutions to mechanical challenges 212:262 Skeletal elements that are exposed to heavy mechanical loads may provide important insights into the evolutionary solutions to mechanical challenges. 27320700 2 68 theme electron 488:495 arg1 spectroscopy 509:520 electron energy loss spectroscopy 488:520 electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) 488:527 We analyzed the microscopic architecture of dactylus claws in the woodlice Porcellio scaber and correlated these observations with analyses of the claws' mineral composition with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). 27320700 2 68 theme electron 488:495 arg1 EELS 523:526 EELS 523:526 EELS 523:526 We analyzed the microscopic architecture of dactylus claws in the woodlice Porcellio scaber and correlated these observations with analyses of the claws' mineral composition with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). 27320700 8 69 theme machine 1518:1524 arg1 elements 1526:1533 durable machine elements 1510:1533 durable machine elements subjected to heavy loading and wear 1510:1569 The nanoscale architecture of the isopod claw may inspire technological solutions in the design of durable machine elements subjected to heavy loading and wear. 27320700 3 70 theme calcium 603:609 arg1 mineral 640:646 mineral 640:646 mineral 640:646 Extraordinarily, amorphous calcium phosphate is the predominant mineral in the claw endocuticle. 27320700 3 70 theme calcium 603:609 arg1 phosphate 611:619 amorphous calcium phosphate 593:619 amorphous calcium phosphate 593:619 Extraordinarily, amorphous calcium phosphate is the predominant mineral in the claw endocuticle. 27320700 2 71 theme dispersive 451:460 arg1 spectrometry 468:479 energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry 444:479 energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) 444:485 We analyzed the microscopic architecture of dactylus claws in the woodlice Porcellio scaber and correlated these observations with analyses of the claws' mineral composition with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). 27320700 2 71 theme dispersive 451:460 arg1 EDX 482:484 EDX 482:484 EDX 482:484 We analyzed the microscopic architecture of dactylus claws in the woodlice Porcellio scaber and correlated these observations with analyses of the claws' mineral composition with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). 27320700 6 72 theme multiple 1003:1010 arg1 directions 1012:1021 multiple directions 1003:1021 multiple directions 1003:1021 In contrast to the quasi-isotropic structure with chitin-protein fibers oriented in multiple directions, characteristic of the arthropod exoskeleton, the chitin-protein fibers and mineral components in the endocuticle of P. scaber claws are exclusively axially oriented. 26070248 5 0 theme water-soluble 696:708 arg1 BI064 736:740 BI064 736:740 BI064 736:740 The models were further validated using a poorly water-soluble investigational compound (BI064) from Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals. 26070248 5 0 theme water-soluble 696:708 arg1 compound 726:733 a poorly water-soluble investigational compound 687:733 a poorly water-soluble investigational compound (BI064) 687:741 The models were further validated using a poorly water-soluble investigational compound (BI064) from Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals. 26070248 1 1 theme spray 302:306 arg1 dryer 308:312 the Büchi B-90 nano spray dryer 282:312 the Büchi B-90 nano spray dryer (B-90) 282:319 A central composite design approach was applied to study the effect of polymer concentration, inlet temperature and air flow rate on the spray drying process of the Büchi B-90 nano spray dryer (B-90). 26070248 1 1 theme spray 302:306 arg1 B-90 315:318 B-90 315:318 B-90 315:318 A central composite design approach was applied to study the effect of polymer concentration, inlet temperature and air flow rate on the spray drying process of the Büchi B-90 nano spray dryer (B-90). 26070248 8 2 theme formulations 995:1006 arg1 μm 1017:1018 2-10 μm 1012:1018 2-10 μm 1012:1018 The particle size of the spray dried formulations was 2-10 μm under polarized light microscopy. 26070248 8 2 theme formulations 995:1006 arg1 size 971:974 The particle size 958:974 The particle size of the spray dried formulations 958:1006 The particle size of the spray dried formulations was 2-10 μm under polarized light microscopy. 26070248 2 3 used used 360:363 arg2 succinate-LF 343:354 Hypromellose acetate succinate-LF 322:354 Hypromellose acetate succinate-LF 322:354 Hypromellose acetate succinate-LF was used for the Design of Experiment (DoE) study. 26070248 7 4 theme spray 840:844 arg1 formulations 852:863 The spray dried formulations 836:863 The spray dried formulations 836:863 The spray dried formulations were amorphous determined by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction. 26070248 1 5 theme air 237:239 arg1 rate 246:249 air flow rate 237:249 air flow rate 237:249 A central composite design approach was applied to study the effect of polymer concentration, inlet temperature and air flow rate on the spray drying process of the Büchi B-90 nano spray dryer (B-90). 26070248 0 6 theme composite 66:74 arg1 design 76:81 central composite design 58:81 central composite design 58:81 Optimization of the Büchi B-90 spray drying process using central composite design for preparation of solid dispersions. 26070248 1 7 theme dryer 308:312 arg1 process 271:277 the spray drying process 254:277 the spray drying process of the Büchi B-90 nano spray dryer (B-90) 254:319 A central composite design approach was applied to study the effect of polymer concentration, inlet temperature and air flow rate on the spray drying process of the Büchi B-90 nano spray dryer (B-90). 26070248 8 8 theme dried 989:993 arg1 formulations 995:1006 the spray dried formulations 979:1006 the spray dried formulations 979:1006 The particle size of the spray dried formulations was 2-10 μm under polarized light microscopy. 26070248 7 9 theme X-ray 932:936 arg1 diffraction 945:955 X-ray powder diffraction 932:955 X-ray powder diffraction 932:955 The spray dried formulations were amorphous determined by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction. 26070248 9 10 theme 1 1163:1163 arg1 % 1164:1164 % 1164:1164 % 1164:1164 All the formulations were physically stable for at least 3h when suspended in an aqueous vehicle composed of 1% methyl cellulose. 26070248 1 11 theme flow 241:244 arg1 rate 246:249 air flow rate 237:249 air flow rate 237:249 A central composite design approach was applied to study the effect of polymer concentration, inlet temperature and air flow rate on the spray drying process of the Büchi B-90 nano spray dryer (B-90). 26070248 9 12 theme % 1164:1164 arg1 cellulose 1173:1181 1% methyl cellulose 1163:1181 1% methyl cellulose 1163:1181 All the formulations were physically stable for at least 3h when suspended in an aqueous vehicle composed of 1% methyl cellulose. 26070248 3 13 theme spray 462:466 arg1 rate 468:471 spray rate 462:471 spray rate 462:471 Statistically significant models to predict the yield, spray rate, and drying efficiency were generated from the study. 26070248 3 14 theme drying 478:483 arg1 efficiency 485:494 drying efficiency 478:494 drying efficiency 478:494 Statistically significant models to predict the yield, spray rate, and drying efficiency were generated from the study. 26070248 1 15 theme rate 246:249 arg1 effect 182:187 the effect 178:187 the effect of polymer concentration, inlet temperature and air flow rate on the spray drying process of the Büchi B-90 nano spray dryer (B-90) 178:319 A central composite design approach was applied to study the effect of polymer concentration, inlet temperature and air flow rate on the spray drying process of the Büchi B-90 nano spray dryer (B-90). 26070248 10 16 with dispersions 1336:1346 arg1 quantity 1363:1370 a limited quantity 1353:1370 a limited quantity of drug substance 1353:1388 This study demonstrates that DoE is a useful tool to optimize the spray drying process, and the B-90 can be used to efficiently produce amorphous solid dispersions with a limited quantity of drug substance available during drug discovery stages. 26070248 8 17 theme particle 962:969 arg1 μm 1017:1018 2-10 μm 1012:1018 2-10 μm 1012:1018 The particle size of the spray dried formulations was 2-10 μm under polarized light microscopy. 26070248 8 17 theme particle 962:969 arg1 size 971:974 The particle size 958:974 The particle size of the spray dried formulations 958:1006 The particle size of the spray dried formulations was 2-10 μm under polarized light microscopy. 26070248 10 18 theme useful 1222:1227 arg1 DoE 1213:1215 DoE 1213:1215 DoE 1213:1215 This study demonstrates that DoE is a useful tool to optimize the spray drying process, and the B-90 can be used to efficiently produce amorphous solid dispersions with a limited quantity of drug substance available during drug discovery stages. 26070248 10 18 theme useful 1222:1227 arg1 tool 1229:1232 a useful tool 1220:1232 a useful tool to optimize the spray drying process 1220:1269 This study demonstrates that DoE is a useful tool to optimize the spray drying process, and the B-90 can be used to efficiently produce amorphous solid dispersions with a limited quantity of drug substance available during drug discovery stages. 26070248 0 19 theme solid 102:106 arg1 dispersions 108:118 solid dispersions 102:118 solid dispersions 102:118 Optimization of the Büchi B-90 spray drying process using central composite design for preparation of solid dispersions. 26070248 10 20 theme discovery 1412:1420 arg1 stages 1422:1427 drug discovery stages 1407:1427 drug discovery stages 1407:1427 This study demonstrates that DoE is a useful tool to optimize the spray drying process, and the B-90 can be used to efficiently produce amorphous solid dispersions with a limited quantity of drug substance available during drug discovery stages. 26070248 3 21 theme significant 421:431 arg1 models 433:438 Statistically significant models 407:438 Statistically significant models to predict the yield, spray rate, and drying efficiency 407:494 Statistically significant models to predict the yield, spray rate, and drying efficiency were generated from the study. 26070248 10 22 theme drug 1375:1378 arg1 substance 1380:1388 drug substance 1375:1388 drug substance 1375:1388 This study demonstrates that DoE is a useful tool to optimize the spray drying process, and the B-90 can be used to efficiently produce amorphous solid dispersions with a limited quantity of drug substance available during drug discovery stages. 26070248 10 23 used used 1292:1295 arg2 B-90 1280:1283 the B-90 1276:1283 the B-90 1276:1283 This study demonstrates that DoE is a useful tool to optimize the spray drying process, and the B-90 can be used to efficiently produce amorphous solid dispersions with a limited quantity of drug substance available during drug discovery stages. 26070248 2 24 theme study 400:404 arg1 Design 373:378 the Design 369:378 the Design of Experiment (DoE) study 369:404 Hypromellose acetate succinate-LF was used for the Design of Experiment (DoE) study. 26070248 10 25 theme drug 1407:1410 arg1 discovery 1412:1420 drug discovery 1407:1420 drug discovery stages 1407:1427 This study demonstrates that DoE is a useful tool to optimize the spray drying process, and the B-90 can be used to efficiently produce amorphous solid dispersions with a limited quantity of drug substance available during drug discovery stages. 26070248 7 26 theme differential 894:905 arg1 calorimetry 916:926 differential scanning calorimetry 894:926 differential scanning calorimetry 894:926 The spray dried formulations were amorphous determined by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction. 26070248 4 27 theme drying 537:542 arg1 conditions 544:553 The spray drying conditions 527:553 The spray drying conditions 527:553 The spray drying conditions were optimized according to the models to maximize the yield and efficiency of the process. 26070248 5 28 theme investigational 710:724 arg1 BI064 736:740 BI064 736:740 BI064 736:740 The models were further validated using a poorly water-soluble investigational compound (BI064) from Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals. 26070248 5 28 theme investigational 710:724 arg1 compound 726:733 a poorly water-soluble investigational compound 687:733 a poorly water-soluble investigational compound (BI064) 687:741 The models were further validated using a poorly water-soluble investigational compound (BI064) from Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals. 26070248 8 29 theme light 1036:1040 arg1 microscopy 1042:1051 polarized light microscopy 1026:1051 polarized light microscopy 1026:1051 The particle size of the spray dried formulations was 2-10 μm under polarized light microscopy. 26070248 7 30 theme scanning 907:914 arg1 calorimetry 916:926 differential scanning calorimetry 894:926 differential scanning calorimetry 894:926 The spray dried formulations were amorphous determined by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction. 26070248 9 31 theme methyl 1166:1171 arg1 cellulose 1173:1181 1% methyl cellulose 1163:1181 1% methyl cellulose 1163:1181 All the formulations were physically stable for at least 3h when suspended in an aqueous vehicle composed of 1% methyl cellulose. 26070248 2 32 theme DoE 395:397 arg1 study 400:404 Experiment (DoE) study 383:404 Experiment (DoE) study 383:404 Hypromellose acetate succinate-LF was used for the Design of Experiment (DoE) study. 26070248 8 33 theme polarized 1026:1034 arg1 microscopy 1042:1051 polarized light microscopy 1026:1051 polarized light microscopy 1026:1051 The particle size of the spray dried formulations was 2-10 μm under polarized light microscopy. 26070248 8 34 theme spray 983:987 arg1 formulations 995:1006 the spray dried formulations 979:1006 the spray dried formulations 979:1006 The particle size of the spray dried formulations was 2-10 μm under polarized light microscopy. 26070248 2 35 theme acetate 335:341 arg1 succinate-LF 343:354 Hypromellose acetate succinate-LF 322:354 Hypromellose acetate succinate-LF 322:354 Hypromellose acetate succinate-LF was used for the Design of Experiment (DoE) study. 26070248 0 36 theme Büchi 20:24 arg1 process 44:50 the Büchi B-90 spray drying process 16:50 the Büchi B-90 spray drying process 16:50 Optimization of the Büchi B-90 spray drying process using central composite design for preparation of solid dispersions. 26070248 1 37 theme spray 258:262 arg1 process 271:277 the spray drying process 254:277 the spray drying process of the Büchi B-90 nano spray dryer (B-90) 254:319 A central composite design approach was applied to study the effect of polymer concentration, inlet temperature and air flow rate on the spray drying process of the Büchi B-90 nano spray dryer (B-90). 26070248 10 38 theme substance 1380:1388 arg1 quantity 1363:1370 a limited quantity 1353:1370 a limited quantity of drug substance 1353:1388 This study demonstrates that DoE is a useful tool to optimize the spray drying process, and the B-90 can be used to efficiently produce amorphous solid dispersions with a limited quantity of drug substance available during drug discovery stages. 26070248 9 39 theme aqueous 1135:1141 arg1 vehicle 1143:1149 an aqueous vehicle 1132:1149 an aqueous vehicle composed of 1% methyl cellulose 1132:1181 All the formulations were physically stable for at least 3h when suspended in an aqueous vehicle composed of 1% methyl cellulose. 26070248 2 40 theme Experiment 383:392 arg1 study 400:404 Experiment (DoE) study 383:404 Experiment (DoE) study 383:404 Hypromellose acetate succinate-LF was used for the Design of Experiment (DoE) study. 26070248 1 41 theme drying 264:269 arg1 process 271:277 the spray drying process 254:277 the spray drying process of the Büchi B-90 nano spray dryer (B-90) 254:319 A central composite design approach was applied to study the effect of polymer concentration, inlet temperature and air flow rate on the spray drying process of the Büchi B-90 nano spray dryer (B-90). 26070248 0 42 theme dispersions 108:118 arg1 preparation 87:97 preparation 87:97 preparation of solid dispersions 87:118 Optimization of the Büchi B-90 spray drying process using central composite design for preparation of solid dispersions. 26070248 10 43 theme solid 1330:1334 arg1 dispersions 1336:1346 amorphous solid dispersions 1320:1346 amorphous solid dispersions with a limited quantity of drug substance available during drug discovery stages 1320:1427 This study demonstrates that DoE is a useful tool to optimize the spray drying process, and the B-90 can be used to efficiently produce amorphous solid dispersions with a limited quantity of drug substance available during drug discovery stages. 26070248 10 44 theme spray 1250:1254 arg1 process 1263:1269 the spray drying process 1246:1269 the spray drying process 1246:1269 This study demonstrates that DoE is a useful tool to optimize the spray drying process, and the B-90 can be used to efficiently produce amorphous solid dispersions with a limited quantity of drug substance available during drug discovery stages. 26070248 2 45 theme Hypromellose 322:333 arg1 succinate-LF 343:354 Hypromellose acetate succinate-LF 322:354 Hypromellose acetate succinate-LF 322:354 Hypromellose acetate succinate-LF was used for the Design of Experiment (DoE) study. 26070248 0 46 theme spray 31:35 arg1 process 44:50 the Büchi B-90 spray drying process 16:50 the Büchi B-90 spray drying process 16:50 Optimization of the Büchi B-90 spray drying process using central composite design for preparation of solid dispersions. 26070248 1 47 theme polymer 192:198 arg1 concentration 200:212 polymer concentration 192:212 polymer concentration 192:212 A central composite design approach was applied to study the effect of polymer concentration, inlet temperature and air flow rate on the spray drying process of the Büchi B-90 nano spray dryer (B-90). 26070248 0 48 theme B-90 26:29 arg1 process 44:50 the Büchi B-90 spray drying process 16:50 the Büchi B-90 spray drying process 16:50 Optimization of the Büchi B-90 spray drying process using central composite design for preparation of solid dispersions. 26070248 1 49 theme concentration 200:212 arg1 effect 182:187 the effect 178:187 the effect of polymer concentration, inlet temperature and air flow rate on the spray drying process of the Büchi B-90 nano spray dryer (B-90) 178:319 A central composite design approach was applied to study the effect of polymer concentration, inlet temperature and air flow rate on the spray drying process of the Büchi B-90 nano spray dryer (B-90). 26070248 0 50 theme process 44:50 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of the Büchi B-90 spray drying process using central composite design for preparation of solid dispersions. 0:119 Optimization of the Büchi B-90 spray drying process using central composite design for preparation of solid dispersions. 26070248 10 51 theme amorphous 1320:1328 arg1 dispersions 1336:1346 amorphous solid dispersions 1320:1346 amorphous solid dispersions with a limited quantity of drug substance available during drug discovery stages 1320:1427 This study demonstrates that DoE is a useful tool to optimize the spray drying process, and the B-90 can be used to efficiently produce amorphous solid dispersions with a limited quantity of drug substance available during drug discovery stages. 26070248 0 52 theme drying 37:42 arg1 process 44:50 the Büchi B-90 spray drying process 16:50 the Büchi B-90 spray drying process 16:50 Optimization of the Büchi B-90 spray drying process using central composite design for preparation of solid dispersions. 26070248 10 53 theme drying 1256:1261 arg1 process 1263:1269 the spray drying process 1246:1269 the spray drying process 1246:1269 This study demonstrates that DoE is a useful tool to optimize the spray drying process, and the B-90 can be used to efficiently produce amorphous solid dispersions with a limited quantity of drug substance available during drug discovery stages. 26070248 1 54 from effect 182:187 arg1 process 271:277 the spray drying process 254:277 the spray drying process of the Büchi B-90 nano spray dryer (B-90) 254:319 A central composite design approach was applied to study the effect of polymer concentration, inlet temperature and air flow rate on the spray drying process of the Büchi B-90 nano spray dryer (B-90). 26070248 4 55 theme process 638:644 arg1 efficiency 620:629 efficiency 620:629 efficiency 620:629 The spray drying conditions were optimized according to the models to maximize the yield and efficiency of the process. 26070248 4 55 theme process 638:644 arg1 yield 610:614 yield 610:614 yield 610:614 The spray drying conditions were optimized according to the models to maximize the yield and efficiency of the process. 26070248 1 56 theme B-90 292:295 arg1 dryer 308:312 the Büchi B-90 nano spray dryer 282:312 the Büchi B-90 nano spray dryer (B-90) 282:319 A central composite design approach was applied to study the effect of polymer concentration, inlet temperature and air flow rate on the spray drying process of the Büchi B-90 nano spray dryer (B-90). 26070248 1 56 theme B-90 292:295 arg1 B-90 315:318 B-90 315:318 B-90 315:318 A central composite design approach was applied to study the effect of polymer concentration, inlet temperature and air flow rate on the spray drying process of the Büchi B-90 nano spray dryer (B-90). 26070248 6 57 theme polymer/drug 790:801 arg1 ratio 803:807 The polymer/drug ratio 786:807 The polymer/drug ratio 786:807 The polymer/drug ratio ranged from 1/1 to 3/1w/w. 26070248 4 58 dep yield 610:614 arg1 the 606:608 the 606:608 the 606:608 The spray drying conditions were optimized according to the models to maximize the yield and efficiency of the process. 26070248 7 59 theme powder 938:943 arg1 diffraction 945:955 X-ray powder diffraction 932:955 X-ray powder diffraction 932:955 The spray dried formulations were amorphous determined by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction. 26070248 10 60 theme limited 1355:1361 arg1 quantity 1363:1370 a limited quantity 1353:1370 a limited quantity of drug substance 1353:1388 This study demonstrates that DoE is a useful tool to optimize the spray drying process, and the B-90 can be used to efficiently produce amorphous solid dispersions with a limited quantity of drug substance available during drug discovery stages. 26070248 3 61 dep models 433:438 arg1 predict 443:449 predict 443:449 to predict the yield, spray rate, and drying efficiency 440:494 Statistically significant models to predict the yield, spray rate, and drying efficiency were generated from the study. 26070248 1 62 theme central 123:129 arg1 approach 148:155 A central composite design approach 121:155 A central composite design approach 121:155 A central composite design approach was applied to study the effect of polymer concentration, inlet temperature and air flow rate on the spray drying process of the Büchi B-90 nano spray dryer (B-90). 26070248 7 63 theme dried 846:850 arg1 formulations 852:863 The spray dried formulations 836:863 The spray dried formulations 836:863 The spray dried formulations were amorphous determined by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction. 26070248 1 64 theme inlet 215:219 arg1 temperature 221:231 inlet temperature 215:231 inlet temperature 215:231 A central composite design approach was applied to study the effect of polymer concentration, inlet temperature and air flow rate on the spray drying process of the Büchi B-90 nano spray dryer (B-90). 26070248 0 65 theme central 58:64 arg1 design 76:81 central composite design 58:81 central composite design 58:81 Optimization of the Büchi B-90 spray drying process using central composite design for preparation of solid dispersions. 26070248 10 66 theme available 1390:1398 arg1 dispersions 1336:1346 amorphous solid dispersions 1320:1346 amorphous solid dispersions with a limited quantity of drug substance available during drug discovery stages 1320:1427 This study demonstrates that DoE is a useful tool to optimize the spray drying process, and the B-90 can be used to efficiently produce amorphous solid dispersions with a limited quantity of drug substance available during drug discovery stages. 26070248 1 67 theme composite 131:139 arg1 approach 148:155 A central composite design approach 121:155 A central composite design approach 121:155 A central composite design approach was applied to study the effect of polymer concentration, inlet temperature and air flow rate on the spray drying process of the Büchi B-90 nano spray dryer (B-90). 26070248 1 68 theme temperature 221:231 arg1 effect 182:187 the effect 178:187 the effect of polymer concentration, inlet temperature and air flow rate on the spray drying process of the Büchi B-90 nano spray dryer (B-90) 178:319 A central composite design approach was applied to study the effect of polymer concentration, inlet temperature and air flow rate on the spray drying process of the Büchi B-90 nano spray dryer (B-90). 26070248 4 69 theme spray 531:535 arg1 conditions 544:553 The spray drying conditions 527:553 The spray drying conditions 527:553 The spray drying conditions were optimized according to the models to maximize the yield and efficiency of the process. 26070248 1 70 theme nano 297:300 arg1 dryer 308:312 the Büchi B-90 nano spray dryer 282:312 the Büchi B-90 nano spray dryer (B-90) 282:319 A central composite design approach was applied to study the effect of polymer concentration, inlet temperature and air flow rate on the spray drying process of the Büchi B-90 nano spray dryer (B-90). 26070248 1 70 theme nano 297:300 arg1 B-90 315:318 B-90 315:318 B-90 315:318 A central composite design approach was applied to study the effect of polymer concentration, inlet temperature and air flow rate on the spray drying process of the Büchi B-90 nano spray dryer (B-90). 26070248 1 71 theme design 141:146 arg1 approach 148:155 A central composite design approach 121:155 A central composite design approach 121:155 A central composite design approach was applied to study the effect of polymer concentration, inlet temperature and air flow rate on the spray drying process of the Büchi B-90 nano spray dryer (B-90). 26070248 7 72 dep determined 880:889 arg1 amorphous 870:878 amorphous 870:878 amorphous 870:878 The spray dried formulations were amorphous determined by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction. 27178914 4 0 theme mass 953:956 arg1 composition 958:968 the mass composition 949:968 the mass composition of CA 949:974 Electron microscopy studies suggest that the fiber diameter and hence pore size gradually decreases as the mass composition of CA increases in the electrospinning solution. 27178914 10 1 theme calcium 1775:1781 arg1 crystals 1793:1800 bioactive calcium phosphate crystals 1765:1800 bioactive calcium phosphate crystals 1765:1800 Furthermore, regeneration of cellulose chain improved the ability to nucleate bioactive calcium phosphate crystals in a simulated body fluid solution. 27178914 8 2 theme N6/CA 1554:1558 arg1 fibers 1567:1572 the corresponding N6/CA hybrid fibers 1536:1572 the corresponding N6/CA hybrid fibers 1536:1572 The surface wettability, wicking properties, and the tensile stress were greatly improved for N6/CL fibers compared to the corresponding N6/CA hybrid fibers. 27178914 1 3 theme N6 254:255 arg1 nanofibers 258:267 nylon 6 (N6) nanofibers 245:267 nylon 6 (N6) nanofibers with cellulose chains 245:289 The aim of the present study is to develop a facile, efficient approach to reinforce nylon 6 (N6) nanofibers with cellulose chains as well as to study the effect that cellulose regeneration has on the physicochemical properties of the composite fibers. 27178914 7 4 from dominant 1387:1394 arg1 fibers 1409:1414 the N6/CL fibers 1399:1414 the N6/CL fibers 1399:1414 The γ-phase was dominant in pristine N6 and N6/CA fibers while α- phase was dominant in the N6/CL fibers. 27178914 10 5 theme body 1817:1820 arg1 solution 1828:1835 a simulated body fluid solution 1805:1835 a simulated body fluid solution 1805:1835 Furthermore, regeneration of cellulose chain improved the ability to nucleate bioactive calcium phosphate crystals in a simulated body fluid solution. 27178914 6 6 theme hydroxyl 1171:1178 arg1 group 1180:1184 the hydroxyl group 1167:1184 the hydroxyl group of cellulose 1167:1197 The strong interaction of the hydroxyl group of cellulose with amide group of N6, mainly via hydrogen bonding, has a pronounced effect on the polymorphic behavior of N6. 27178914 6 6 theme hydroxyl 1171:1178 arg1 cellulose 1189:1197 cellulose 1189:1197 cellulose 1189:1197 The strong interaction of the hydroxyl group of cellulose with amide group of N6, mainly via hydrogen bonding, has a pronounced effect on the polymorphic behavior of N6. 27178914 7 7 theme pristine 1339:1346 arg1 N6 1348:1349 pristine N6 1339:1349 pristine N6 1339:1349 The γ-phase was dominant in pristine N6 and N6/CA fibers while α- phase was dominant in the N6/CL fibers. 27178914 2 8 theme formic 540:545 arg1 acid 547:550 formic acid 540:550 formic acid 540:550 Here, a cellulose acetate (CA) solution (17wt%) was prepared in formic acid and was blended with N6 solution (20%, prepared in formic acid and acetic acid) in various proportions, and the blended solutions were then electrospun to produce hybrid N6/CA nanofibers. 27178914 2 9 theme hybrid 652:657 arg1 nanofibers 665:674 hybrid N6/CA nanofibers 652:674 hybrid N6/CA nanofibers 652:674 Here, a cellulose acetate (CA) solution (17wt%) was prepared in formic acid and was blended with N6 solution (20%, prepared in formic acid and acetic acid) in various proportions, and the blended solutions were then electrospun to produce hybrid N6/CA nanofibers. 27178914 6 10 theme strong 1145:1150 arg1 interaction 1152:1162 The strong interaction 1141:1162 The strong interaction of the hydroxyl group of cellulose with amide group of N6, mainly via hydrogen bonding, 1141:1250 The strong interaction of the hydroxyl group of cellulose with amide group of N6, mainly via hydrogen bonding, has a pronounced effect on the polymorphic behavior of N6. 27178914 6 11 contain has 1252:1254 arg2 effect 1269:1274 a pronounced effect 1256:1274 a pronounced effect 1256:1274 The strong interaction of the hydroxyl group of cellulose with amide group of N6, mainly via hydrogen bonding, has a pronounced effect on the polymorphic behavior of N6. 27178914 6 11 contain has 1252:1254 arg1 interaction 1152:1162 The strong interaction 1141:1162 The strong interaction of the hydroxyl group of cellulose with amide group of N6, mainly via hydrogen bonding, 1141:1250 The strong interaction of the hydroxyl group of cellulose with amide group of N6, mainly via hydrogen bonding, has a pronounced effect on the polymorphic behavior of N6. 27178914 1 12 theme physicochemical 361:375 arg1 properties 377:386 the physicochemical properties 357:386 the physicochemical properties of the composite fibers 357:410 The aim of the present study is to develop a facile, efficient approach to reinforce nylon 6 (N6) nanofibers with cellulose chains as well as to study the effect that cellulose regeneration has on the physicochemical properties of the composite fibers. 27178914 7 13 from N6 1348:1349 arg1 dominant 1327:1334 dominant 1327:1334 dominant 1327:1334 The γ-phase was dominant in pristine N6 and N6/CA fibers while α- phase was dominant in the N6/CL fibers. 27178914 7 13 from N6 1348:1349 arg1 γ-phase 1315:1321 The γ-phase 1311:1321 The γ-phase 1311:1321 The γ-phase was dominant in pristine N6 and N6/CA fibers while α- phase was dominant in the N6/CL fibers. 27178914 6 14 theme N6 1219:1220 arg1 group 1210:1214 amide group 1204:1214 amide group 1204:1214 The strong interaction of the hydroxyl group of cellulose with amide group of N6, mainly via hydrogen bonding, has a pronounced effect on the polymorphic behavior of N6. 27178914 6 14 theme N6 1219:1220 arg1 N6 1219:1220 N6 1219:1220 N6 1219:1220 The strong interaction of the hydroxyl group of cellulose with amide group of N6, mainly via hydrogen bonding, has a pronounced effect on the polymorphic behavior of N6. 27178914 1 15 theme composite 395:403 arg1 fibers 405:410 the composite fibers 391:410 the composite fibers 391:410 The aim of the present study is to develop a facile, efficient approach to reinforce nylon 6 (N6) nanofibers with cellulose chains as well as to study the effect that cellulose regeneration has on the physicochemical properties of the composite fibers. 27178914 2 16 theme N6 510:511 arg1 solution 513:520 N6 solution 510:520 N6 solution (20%, prepared in formic acid and acetic acid) 510:567 Here, a cellulose acetate (CA) solution (17wt%) was prepared in formic acid and was blended with N6 solution (20%, prepared in formic acid and acetic acid) in various proportions, and the blended solutions were then electrospun to produce hybrid N6/CA nanofibers. 27178914 3 17 theme CA 759:760 arg1 content 762:768 the CA content 755:768 the CA content of the hybrid fiber 755:788 Cellulose was regenerated in-situ in the fiber via alkaline saponification of the CA content of the hybrid fiber, leading to cellulose-reinforced N6 (N6/CL) nanofibers. 27178914 9 18 theme N6/CL 1608:1612 arg1 fibers 1614:1619 N6/CL fibers 1608:1619 N6/CL fibers 1608:1619 Results of DSC/TGA revealed that N6/CL fibers were more thermally stable than pristine N6 and N6/CA nanofibers. 27178914 1 19 theme study 183:187 arg1 aim 164:166 The aim 160:166 The aim of the present study 160:187 The aim of the present study is to develop a facile, efficient approach to reinforce nylon 6 (N6) nanofibers with cellulose chains as well as to study the effect that cellulose regeneration has on the physicochemical properties of the composite fibers. 27178914 3 20 theme hybrid 777:782 arg1 fiber 784:788 the hybrid fiber 773:788 the hybrid fiber 773:788 Cellulose was regenerated in-situ in the fiber via alkaline saponification of the CA content of the hybrid fiber, leading to cellulose-reinforced N6 (N6/CL) nanofibers. 27178914 2 21 theme formic 477:482 arg1 acid 484:487 formic acid 477:487 formic acid 477:487 Here, a cellulose acetate (CA) solution (17wt%) was prepared in formic acid and was blended with N6 solution (20%, prepared in formic acid and acetic acid) in various proportions, and the blended solutions were then electrospun to produce hybrid N6/CA nanofibers. 27178914 3 22 theme alkaline 728:735 arg1 saponification 737:750 alkaline saponification 728:750 alkaline saponification of the CA content of the hybrid fiber 728:788 Cellulose was regenerated in-situ in the fiber via alkaline saponification of the CA content of the hybrid fiber, leading to cellulose-reinforced N6 (N6/CL) nanofibers. 27178914 0 23 theme wicking 110:116 arg1 properties 118:127 wicking properties 110:127 wicking properties 110:127 Cellulose reinforced nylon-6 nanofibrous membrane: Fabrication strategies, physicochemical characterizations, wicking properties and biomimetic mineralization. 27178914 3 24 theme N6 823:824 arg1 nanofibers 834:843 cellulose-reinforced N6 (N6/CL) nanofibers 802:843 cellulose-reinforced N6 (N6/CL) nanofibers 802:843 Cellulose was regenerated in-situ in the fiber via alkaline saponification of the CA content of the hybrid fiber, leading to cellulose-reinforced N6 (N6/CL) nanofibers. 27178914 2 25 theme acetic 556:561 arg1 acid 563:566 acetic acid 556:566 acetic acid 556:566 Here, a cellulose acetate (CA) solution (17wt%) was prepared in formic acid and was blended with N6 solution (20%, prepared in formic acid and acetic acid) in various proportions, and the blended solutions were then electrospun to produce hybrid N6/CA nanofibers. 27178914 6 26 theme hydrogen 1234:1241 arg1 bonding 1243:1249 hydrogen bonding 1234:1249 hydrogen bonding 1234:1249 The strong interaction of the hydroxyl group of cellulose with amide group of N6, mainly via hydrogen bonding, has a pronounced effect on the polymorphic behavior of N6. 27178914 5 27 theme Cellulose 1019:1027 arg1 regeneration 1029:1040 Cellulose regeneration 1019:1040 Cellulose regeneration 1019:1040 Cellulose regeneration showed noticeable change in the polymorphic behavior of N6, as observed in the XRD and IR spectra. 27178914 2 28 theme acetate 431:437 arg1 % 458:458 17wt% 454:458 17wt% 454:458 Here, a cellulose acetate (CA) solution (17wt%) was prepared in formic acid and was blended with N6 solution (20%, prepared in formic acid and acetic acid) in various proportions, and the blended solutions were then electrospun to produce hybrid N6/CA nanofibers. 27178914 2 28 theme acetate 431:437 arg1 solution 444:451 a cellulose acetate (CA) solution 419:451 a cellulose acetate (CA) solution (17wt%) 419:459 Here, a cellulose acetate (CA) solution (17wt%) was prepared in formic acid and was blended with N6 solution (20%, prepared in formic acid and acetic acid) in various proportions, and the blended solutions were then electrospun to produce hybrid N6/CA nanofibers. 27178914 5 29 theme N6 1098:1099 arg1 behavior 1086:1093 the polymorphic behavior 1070:1093 the polymorphic behavior of N6 1070:1099 Cellulose regeneration showed noticeable change in the polymorphic behavior of N6, as observed in the XRD and IR spectra. 27178914 9 30 theme N6/CA 1669:1673 arg1 nanofibers 1675:1684 pristine N6 and N6/CA nanofibers 1653:1684 nanofibers 1675:1684 Results of DSC/TGA revealed that N6/CL fibers were more thermally stable than pristine N6 and N6/CA nanofibers. 27178914 2 31 theme various 572:578 arg1 proportions 580:590 various proportions 572:590 various proportions 572:590 Here, a cellulose acetate (CA) solution (17wt%) was prepared in formic acid and was blended with N6 solution (20%, prepared in formic acid and acetic acid) in various proportions, and the blended solutions were then electrospun to produce hybrid N6/CA nanofibers. 27178914 6 32 theme N6 1307:1308 arg1 behavior 1295:1302 the polymorphic behavior 1279:1302 the polymorphic behavior of N6 1279:1308 The strong interaction of the hydroxyl group of cellulose with amide group of N6, mainly via hydrogen bonding, has a pronounced effect on the polymorphic behavior of N6. 27178914 3 33 theme N6/CL 827:831 arg1 nanofibers 834:843 cellulose-reinforced N6 (N6/CL) nanofibers 802:843 cellulose-reinforced N6 (N6/CL) nanofibers 802:843 Cellulose was regenerated in-situ in the fiber via alkaline saponification of the CA content of the hybrid fiber, leading to cellulose-reinforced N6 (N6/CL) nanofibers. 27178914 10 34 theme chain 1726:1730 arg1 regeneration 1700:1711 regeneration 1700:1711 regeneration of cellulose chain 1700:1730 Furthermore, regeneration of cellulose chain improved the ability to nucleate bioactive calcium phosphate crystals in a simulated body fluid solution. 27178914 0 35 theme membrane 41:48 arg1 strategies 63:72 nylon-6 nanofibrous membrane: Fabrication strategies 21:72 nylon-6 nanofibrous membrane: Fabrication strategies 21:72 Cellulose reinforced nylon-6 nanofibrous membrane: Fabrication strategies, physicochemical characterizations, wicking properties and biomimetic mineralization. 27178914 2 36 theme CA 440:441 arg1 % 458:458 17wt% 454:458 17wt% 454:458 Here, a cellulose acetate (CA) solution (17wt%) was prepared in formic acid and was blended with N6 solution (20%, prepared in formic acid and acetic acid) in various proportions, and the blended solutions were then electrospun to produce hybrid N6/CA nanofibers. 27178914 2 36 theme CA 440:441 arg1 solution 444:451 a cellulose acetate (CA) solution 419:451 a cellulose acetate (CA) solution (17wt%) 419:459 Here, a cellulose acetate (CA) solution (17wt%) was prepared in formic acid and was blended with N6 solution (20%, prepared in formic acid and acetic acid) in various proportions, and the blended solutions were then electrospun to produce hybrid N6/CA nanofibers. 27178914 0 37 theme Fabrication 51:61 arg1 strategies 63:72 nylon-6 nanofibrous membrane: Fabrication strategies 21:72 nylon-6 nanofibrous membrane: Fabrication strategies 21:72 Cellulose reinforced nylon-6 nanofibrous membrane: Fabrication strategies, physicochemical characterizations, wicking properties and biomimetic mineralization. 27178914 8 38 theme wicking 1442:1448 arg1 properties 1450:1459 wicking properties 1442:1459 wicking properties 1442:1459 The surface wettability, wicking properties, and the tensile stress were greatly improved for N6/CL fibers compared to the corresponding N6/CA hybrid fibers. 27178914 5 39 theme IR 1129:1130 arg1 spectra 1132:1138 the XRD and IR spectra 1117:1138 the XRD and IR spectra 1117:1138 Cellulose regeneration showed noticeable change in the polymorphic behavior of N6, as observed in the XRD and IR spectra. 27178914 4 40 theme electrospinning 993:1007 arg1 solution 1009:1016 the electrospinning solution 989:1016 the electrospinning solution 989:1016 Electron microscopy studies suggest that the fiber diameter and hence pore size gradually decreases as the mass composition of CA increases in the electrospinning solution. 27178914 1 41 dep facile 205:210 arg1 efficient 213:221 efficient 213:221 efficient 213:221 The aim of the present study is to develop a facile, efficient approach to reinforce nylon 6 (N6) nanofibers with cellulose chains as well as to study the effect that cellulose regeneration has on the physicochemical properties of the composite fibers. 27178914 1 42 theme nylon 245:249 arg1 nanofibers 258:267 nylon 6 (N6) nanofibers 245:267 nylon 6 (N6) nanofibers with cellulose chains 245:289 The aim of the present study is to develop a facile, efficient approach to reinforce nylon 6 (N6) nanofibers with cellulose chains as well as to study the effect that cellulose regeneration has on the physicochemical properties of the composite fibers. 27178914 7 43 theme N6/CA 1355:1359 arg1 fibers 1361:1366 N6/CA fibers 1355:1366 N6/CA fibers 1355:1366 The γ-phase was dominant in pristine N6 and N6/CA fibers while α- phase was dominant in the N6/CL fibers. 27178914 10 44 theme phosphate 1783:1791 arg1 crystals 1793:1800 bioactive calcium phosphate crystals 1765:1800 bioactive calcium phosphate crystals 1765:1800 Furthermore, regeneration of cellulose chain improved the ability to nucleate bioactive calcium phosphate crystals in a simulated body fluid solution. 27178914 6 45 theme cellulose 1189:1197 arg1 group 1180:1184 the hydroxyl group 1167:1184 the hydroxyl group of cellulose 1167:1197 The strong interaction of the hydroxyl group of cellulose with amide group of N6, mainly via hydrogen bonding, has a pronounced effect on the polymorphic behavior of N6. 27178914 6 45 theme cellulose 1189:1197 arg1 cellulose 1189:1197 cellulose 1189:1197 cellulose 1189:1197 The strong interaction of the hydroxyl group of cellulose with amide group of N6, mainly via hydrogen bonding, has a pronounced effect on the polymorphic behavior of N6. 27178914 2 46 dep solution 513:520 arg1 % 525:525 20% 523:525 20% 523:525 Here, a cellulose acetate (CA) solution (17wt%) was prepared in formic acid and was blended with N6 solution (20%, prepared in formic acid and acetic acid) in various proportions, and the blended solutions were then electrospun to produce hybrid N6/CA nanofibers. 27178914 4 47 theme CA 973:974 arg1 composition 958:968 the mass composition 949:968 the mass composition of CA 949:974 Electron microscopy studies suggest that the fiber diameter and hence pore size gradually decreases as the mass composition of CA increases in the electrospinning solution. 27178914 10 48 theme bioactive 1765:1773 arg1 crystals 1793:1800 bioactive calcium phosphate crystals 1765:1800 bioactive calcium phosphate crystals 1765:1800 Furthermore, regeneration of cellulose chain improved the ability to nucleate bioactive calcium phosphate crystals in a simulated body fluid solution. 27178914 6 49 theme group 1180:1184 arg1 interaction 1152:1162 The strong interaction 1141:1162 The strong interaction of the hydroxyl group of cellulose with amide group of N6, mainly via hydrogen bonding, 1141:1250 The strong interaction of the hydroxyl group of cellulose with amide group of N6, mainly via hydrogen bonding, has a pronounced effect on the polymorphic behavior of N6. 27178914 8 50 theme corresponding 1540:1552 arg1 fibers 1567:1572 the corresponding N6/CA hybrid fibers 1536:1572 the corresponding N6/CA hybrid fibers 1536:1572 The surface wettability, wicking properties, and the tensile stress were greatly improved for N6/CL fibers compared to the corresponding N6/CA hybrid fibers. 27178914 5 51 theme XRD 1121:1123 arg1 spectra 1132:1138 the XRD and IR spectra 1117:1138 the XRD and IR spectra 1117:1138 Cellulose regeneration showed noticeable change in the polymorphic behavior of N6, as observed in the XRD and IR spectra. 27178914 10 52 theme simulated 1807:1815 arg1 solution 1828:1835 a simulated body fluid solution 1805:1835 a simulated body fluid solution 1805:1835 Furthermore, regeneration of cellulose chain improved the ability to nucleate bioactive calcium phosphate crystals in a simulated body fluid solution. 27178914 8 53 theme hybrid 1560:1565 arg1 fibers 1567:1572 the corresponding N6/CA hybrid fibers 1536:1572 the corresponding N6/CA hybrid fibers 1536:1572 The surface wettability, wicking properties, and the tensile stress were greatly improved for N6/CL fibers compared to the corresponding N6/CA hybrid fibers. 27178914 2 54 theme N6/CA 659:663 arg1 nanofibers 665:674 hybrid N6/CA nanofibers 652:674 hybrid N6/CA nanofibers 652:674 Here, a cellulose acetate (CA) solution (17wt%) was prepared in formic acid and was blended with N6 solution (20%, prepared in formic acid and acetic acid) in various proportions, and the blended solutions were then electrospun to produce hybrid N6/CA nanofibers. 27178914 7 55 from dominant 1327:1334 arg1 N6 1348:1349 pristine N6 1339:1349 pristine N6 1339:1349 The γ-phase was dominant in pristine N6 and N6/CA fibers while α- phase was dominant in the N6/CL fibers. 27178914 7 55 from dominant 1327:1334 arg1 fibers 1361:1366 N6/CA fibers 1355:1366 N6/CA fibers 1355:1366 The γ-phase was dominant in pristine N6 and N6/CA fibers while α- phase was dominant in the N6/CL fibers. 27178914 1 56 theme facile 205:210 arg1 approach 223:230 a facile, efficient approach 203:230 a facile, efficient approach to reinforce nylon 6 (N6) nanofibers with cellulose chains as well as to study the effect that cellulose regeneration has on the physicochemical properties of the composite fibers 203:410 The aim of the present study is to develop a facile, efficient approach to reinforce nylon 6 (N6) nanofibers with cellulose chains as well as to study the effect that cellulose regeneration has on the physicochemical properties of the composite fibers. 27178914 10 57 theme fluid 1822:1826 arg1 solution 1828:1835 a simulated body fluid solution 1805:1835 a simulated body fluid solution 1805:1835 Furthermore, regeneration of cellulose chain improved the ability to nucleate bioactive calcium phosphate crystals in a simulated body fluid solution. 27178914 4 58 theme microscopy 855:864 arg1 studies 866:872 Electron microscopy studies 846:872 Electron microscopy studies 846:872 Electron microscopy studies suggest that the fiber diameter and hence pore size gradually decreases as the mass composition of CA increases in the electrospinning solution. 27178914 7 59 from fibers 1361:1366 arg1 dominant 1327:1334 dominant 1327:1334 dominant 1327:1334 The γ-phase was dominant in pristine N6 and N6/CA fibers while α- phase was dominant in the N6/CL fibers. 27178914 7 59 from fibers 1361:1366 arg1 γ-phase 1315:1321 The γ-phase 1311:1321 The γ-phase 1311:1321 The γ-phase was dominant in pristine N6 and N6/CA fibers while α- phase was dominant in the N6/CL fibers. 27178914 9 60 theme DSC/TGA 1586:1592 arg1 Results 1575:1581 Results 1575:1581 Results of DSC/TGA 1575:1592 Results of DSC/TGA revealed that N6/CL fibers were more thermally stable than pristine N6 and N6/CA nanofibers. 27178914 2 61 theme blended 601:607 arg1 solutions 609:617 the blended solutions 597:617 the blended solutions 597:617 Here, a cellulose acetate (CA) solution (17wt%) was prepared in formic acid and was blended with N6 solution (20%, prepared in formic acid and acetic acid) in various proportions, and the blended solutions were then electrospun to produce hybrid N6/CA nanofibers. 27178914 6 62 theme amide 1204:1208 arg1 group 1210:1214 amide group 1204:1214 amide group 1204:1214 The strong interaction of the hydroxyl group of cellulose with amide group of N6, mainly via hydrogen bonding, has a pronounced effect on the polymorphic behavior of N6. 27178914 6 62 theme amide 1204:1208 arg1 N6 1219:1220 N6 1219:1220 N6 1219:1220 The strong interaction of the hydroxyl group of cellulose with amide group of N6, mainly via hydrogen bonding, has a pronounced effect on the polymorphic behavior of N6. 27178914 1 63 theme fibers 405:410 arg1 properties 377:386 the physicochemical properties 357:386 the physicochemical properties of the composite fibers 357:410 The aim of the present study is to develop a facile, efficient approach to reinforce nylon 6 (N6) nanofibers with cellulose chains as well as to study the effect that cellulose regeneration has on the physicochemical properties of the composite fibers. 27178914 0 64 theme physicochemical 75:89 arg1 characterizations 91:107 physicochemical characterizations 75:107 physicochemical characterizations 75:107 Cellulose reinforced nylon-6 nanofibrous membrane: Fabrication strategies, physicochemical characterizations, wicking properties and biomimetic mineralization. 27178914 3 65 theme content 762:768 arg1 saponification 737:750 alkaline saponification 728:750 alkaline saponification of the CA content of the hybrid fiber 728:788 Cellulose was regenerated in-situ in the fiber via alkaline saponification of the CA content of the hybrid fiber, leading to cellulose-reinforced N6 (N6/CL) nanofibers. 27178914 6 66 theme pronounced 1258:1267 arg1 effect 1269:1274 a pronounced effect 1256:1274 a pronounced effect 1256:1274 The strong interaction of the hydroxyl group of cellulose with amide group of N6, mainly via hydrogen bonding, has a pronounced effect on the polymorphic behavior of N6. 27178914 5 67 theme noticeable 1049:1058 arg1 change 1060:1065 noticeable change 1049:1065 noticeable change 1049:1065 Cellulose regeneration showed noticeable change in the polymorphic behavior of N6, as observed in the XRD and IR spectra. 27178914 1 68 theme present 175:181 arg1 study 183:187 the present study 171:187 the present study 171:187 The aim of the present study is to develop a facile, efficient approach to reinforce nylon 6 (N6) nanofibers with cellulose chains as well as to study the effect that cellulose regeneration has on the physicochemical properties of the composite fibers. 27178914 4 69 theme fiber 891:895 arg1 diameter 897:904 the fiber diameter and hence pore size 887:924 diameter 897:904 Electron microscopy studies suggest that the fiber diameter and hence pore size gradually decreases as the mass composition of CA increases in the electrospinning solution. 27178914 1 70 theme cellulose 327:335 arg1 regeneration 337:348 cellulose regeneration 327:348 cellulose regeneration 327:348 The aim of the present study is to develop a facile, efficient approach to reinforce nylon 6 (N6) nanofibers with cellulose chains as well as to study the effect that cellulose regeneration has on the physicochemical properties of the composite fibers. 27178914 3 71 theme fiber 784:788 arg1 content 762:768 the CA content 755:768 the CA content of the hybrid fiber 755:788 Cellulose was regenerated in-situ in the fiber via alkaline saponification of the CA content of the hybrid fiber, leading to cellulose-reinforced N6 (N6/CL) nanofibers. 27178914 4 72 theme Electron 846:853 arg1 studies 866:872 Electron microscopy studies 846:872 Electron microscopy studies 846:872 Electron microscopy studies suggest that the fiber diameter and hence pore size gradually decreases as the mass composition of CA increases in the electrospinning solution. 27178914 0 73 theme biomimetic 133:142 arg1 mineralization 144:157 biomimetic mineralization 133:157 biomimetic mineralization 133:157 Cellulose reinforced nylon-6 nanofibrous membrane: Fabrication strategies, physicochemical characterizations, wicking properties and biomimetic mineralization. 27178914 9 74 theme pristine 1653:1660 arg1 N6 1662:1663 pristine N6 and N6/CA nanofibers 1653:1684 N6 1662:1663 Results of DSC/TGA revealed that N6/CL fibers were more thermally stable than pristine N6 and N6/CA nanofibers. 27178914 3 75 theme cellulose-reinforced 802:821 arg1 nanofibers 834:843 cellulose-reinforced N6 (N6/CL) nanofibers 802:843 cellulose-reinforced N6 (N6/CL) nanofibers 802:843 Cellulose was regenerated in-situ in the fiber via alkaline saponification of the CA content of the hybrid fiber, leading to cellulose-reinforced N6 (N6/CL) nanofibers. 27178914 2 76 theme cellulose 421:429 arg1 % 458:458 17wt% 454:458 17wt% 454:458 Here, a cellulose acetate (CA) solution (17wt%) was prepared in formic acid and was blended with N6 solution (20%, prepared in formic acid and acetic acid) in various proportions, and the blended solutions were then electrospun to produce hybrid N6/CA nanofibers. 27178914 2 76 theme cellulose 421:429 arg1 solution 444:451 a cellulose acetate (CA) solution 419:451 a cellulose acetate (CA) solution (17wt%) 419:459 Here, a cellulose acetate (CA) solution (17wt%) was prepared in formic acid and was blended with N6 solution (20%, prepared in formic acid and acetic acid) in various proportions, and the blended solutions were then electrospun to produce hybrid N6/CA nanofibers. 27178914 0 77 theme nanofibrous 29:39 arg1 strategies 63:72 nylon-6 nanofibrous membrane: Fabrication strategies 21:72 nylon-6 nanofibrous membrane: Fabrication strategies 21:72 Cellulose reinforced nylon-6 nanofibrous membrane: Fabrication strategies, physicochemical characterizations, wicking properties and biomimetic mineralization. 27178914 1 78 theme cellulose 274:282 arg1 chains 284:289 cellulose chains 274:289 cellulose chains 274:289 The aim of the present study is to develop a facile, efficient approach to reinforce nylon 6 (N6) nanofibers with cellulose chains as well as to study the effect that cellulose regeneration has on the physicochemical properties of the composite fibers. 27178914 7 79 from fibers 1409:1414 arg1 dominant 1387:1394 dominant 1387:1394 dominant 1387:1394 The γ-phase was dominant in pristine N6 and N6/CA fibers while α- phase was dominant in the N6/CL fibers. 27178914 8 80 theme surface 1421:1427 arg1 wettability 1429:1439 The surface wettability 1417:1439 The surface wettability 1417:1439 The surface wettability, wicking properties, and the tensile stress were greatly improved for N6/CL fibers compared to the corresponding N6/CA hybrid fibers. 27178914 7 81 theme N6/CL 1403:1407 arg1 fibers 1409:1414 the N6/CL fibers 1399:1414 the N6/CL fibers 1399:1414 The γ-phase was dominant in pristine N6 and N6/CA fibers while α- phase was dominant in the N6/CL fibers. 27178914 10 82 theme cellulose 1716:1724 arg1 chain 1726:1730 cellulose chain 1716:1730 cellulose chain 1716:1730 Furthermore, regeneration of cellulose chain improved the ability to nucleate bioactive calcium phosphate crystals in a simulated body fluid solution. 27178914 6 83 theme polymorphic 1283:1293 arg1 behavior 1295:1302 the polymorphic behavior 1279:1302 the polymorphic behavior of N6 1279:1308 The strong interaction of the hydroxyl group of cellulose with amide group of N6, mainly via hydrogen bonding, has a pronounced effect on the polymorphic behavior of N6. 27178914 5 84 theme polymorphic 1074:1084 arg1 behavior 1086:1093 the polymorphic behavior 1070:1093 the polymorphic behavior of N6 1070:1099 Cellulose regeneration showed noticeable change in the polymorphic behavior of N6, as observed in the XRD and IR spectra. 27178914 1 85 with nanofibers 258:267 arg1 chains 284:289 cellulose chains 274:289 cellulose chains 274:289 The aim of the present study is to develop a facile, efficient approach to reinforce nylon 6 (N6) nanofibers with cellulose chains as well as to study the effect that cellulose regeneration has on the physicochemical properties of the composite fibers. 27178914 4 86 theme pore 916:919 arg1 size 921:924 the fiber diameter and hence pore size 887:924 size 921:924 Electron microscopy studies suggest that the fiber diameter and hence pore size gradually decreases as the mass composition of CA increases in the electrospinning solution. 27178914 8 87 theme N6/CL 1511:1515 arg1 fibers 1517:1522 N6/CL fibers 1511:1522 N6/CL fibers 1511:1522 The surface wettability, wicking properties, and the tensile stress were greatly improved for N6/CL fibers compared to the corresponding N6/CA hybrid fibers. 27178914 1 88 dep approach 223:230 arg1 reinforce 235:243 reinforce 235:243 to reinforce nylon 6 (N6) nanofibers with cellulose chains as well as to study the effect that cellulose regeneration has on the physicochemical properties of the composite fibers 232:410 The aim of the present study is to develop a facile, efficient approach to reinforce nylon 6 (N6) nanofibers with cellulose chains as well as to study the effect that cellulose regeneration has on the physicochemical properties of the composite fibers. 27178914 1 88 dep approach 223:230 arg1 study 305:309 study 305:309 to reinforce nylon 6 (N6) nanofibers with cellulose chains as well as to study the effect that cellulose regeneration has on the physicochemical properties of the composite fibers 232:410 The aim of the present study is to develop a facile, efficient approach to reinforce nylon 6 (N6) nanofibers with cellulose chains as well as to study the effect that cellulose regeneration has on the physicochemical properties of the composite fibers. 27178914 7 89 theme α- 1374:1375 arg1 phase 1377:1381 α- phase 1374:1381 α- phase 1374:1381 The γ-phase was dominant in pristine N6 and N6/CA fibers while α- phase was dominant in the N6/CL fibers. 27178914 8 90 theme tensile 1470:1476 arg1 stress 1478:1483 the tensile stress 1466:1483 the tensile stress 1466:1483 The surface wettability, wicking properties, and the tensile stress were greatly improved for N6/CL fibers compared to the corresponding N6/CA hybrid fibers. 27178914 6 91 with interaction 1152:1162 arg1 group 1210:1214 amide group 1204:1214 amide group 1204:1214 The strong interaction of the hydroxyl group of cellulose with amide group of N6, mainly via hydrogen bonding, has a pronounced effect on the polymorphic behavior of N6. 27178914 6 91 with interaction 1152:1162 arg1 N6 1219:1220 N6 1219:1220 N6 1219:1220 The strong interaction of the hydroxyl group of cellulose with amide group of N6, mainly via hydrogen bonding, has a pronounced effect on the polymorphic behavior of N6. 25547288 4 0 theme efficient 530:538 arg1 hydrolysis 540:549 the efficient hydrolysis 526:549 the efficient hydrolysis of pretreated lignocellulose 526:578 Therefore, customized enzyme mixtures have to be employed for the efficient hydrolysis of pretreated lignocellulose. 25547288 1 1 theme enzymatic 160:168 arg1 hydrolysis 170:179 enzymatic hydrolysis 160:179 enzymatic hydrolysis 160:179 Lignocellulose contains a large amount of cellulose but is recalcitrant to enzymatic hydrolysis, which yields sugars for fuels or chemicals. 25547288 7 2 theme pretreated 1101:1110 arg1 biomass 1128:1134 pretreated lignocellulosic biomass 1101:1134 pretreated lignocellulosic biomass 1101:1134 These results suggest that customized enzyme mixtures for pretreated lignocellulosic biomass are necessary to obtain increased sugar yields and should be considered in the industrial utilization of lignocellulose. 25547288 5 3 theme acid-pretreated 824:838 arg1 straws 816:821 two differently pretreated rice straws 784:821 two differently pretreated rice straws (acid-pretreated or alkali-pretreated rice straw) 784:871 Here, using three recombinant model enzymes consisting of endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and xylanase with a fixed amount of β-glucosidase, the optimal formulation of enzyme mixtures was designed for two differently pretreated rice straws (acid-pretreated or alkali-pretreated rice straw) by the mixture design methodology. 25547288 5 3 theme acid-pretreated 824:838 arg1 straw 866:870 acid-pretreated or alkali-pretreated rice straw 824:870 acid-pretreated or alkali-pretreated rice straw 824:870 Here, using three recombinant model enzymes consisting of endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and xylanase with a fixed amount of β-glucosidase, the optimal formulation of enzyme mixtures was designed for two differently pretreated rice straws (acid-pretreated or alkali-pretreated rice straw) by the mixture design methodology. 25547288 4 4 theme pretreated 554:563 arg1 lignocellulose 565:578 pretreated lignocellulose 554:578 pretreated lignocellulose 554:578 Therefore, customized enzyme mixtures have to be employed for the efficient hydrolysis of pretreated lignocellulose. 25547288 5 5 theme rice 861:864 arg1 straws 816:821 two differently pretreated rice straws 784:821 two differently pretreated rice straws (acid-pretreated or alkali-pretreated rice straw) 784:871 Here, using three recombinant model enzymes consisting of endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and xylanase with a fixed amount of β-glucosidase, the optimal formulation of enzyme mixtures was designed for two differently pretreated rice straws (acid-pretreated or alkali-pretreated rice straw) by the mixture design methodology. 25547288 5 5 theme rice 861:864 arg1 straw 866:870 acid-pretreated or alkali-pretreated rice straw 824:870 acid-pretreated or alkali-pretreated rice straw 824:870 Here, using three recombinant model enzymes consisting of endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and xylanase with a fixed amount of β-glucosidase, the optimal formulation of enzyme mixtures was designed for two differently pretreated rice straws (acid-pretreated or alkali-pretreated rice straw) by the mixture design methodology. 25547288 3 6 theme pretreatment 377:388 arg1 methods 390:396 pretreatment methods 377:396 pretreatment methods 377:396 Depending on the lignocellulose types and pretreatment methods, biomass compositions and physical properties significantly vary. 25547288 6 7 theme enzyme 960:965 arg1 mixtures 967:974 the enzyme mixtures 956:974 the enzyme mixtures 956:974 As a result, different optimal compositions for the enzyme mixtures were employed depending on the type of pretreatment of rice straw. 25547288 5 8 theme β-glucosidase 709:721 arg1 β-glucosidase 709:721 β-glucosidase 709:721 β-glucosidase 709:721 Here, using three recombinant model enzymes consisting of endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and xylanase with a fixed amount of β-glucosidase, the optimal formulation of enzyme mixtures was designed for two differently pretreated rice straws (acid-pretreated or alkali-pretreated rice straw) by the mixture design methodology. 25547288 5 8 theme β-glucosidase 709:721 arg1 amount 699:704 a fixed amount 691:704 a fixed amount of β-glucosidase 691:721 Here, using three recombinant model enzymes consisting of endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and xylanase with a fixed amount of β-glucosidase, the optimal formulation of enzyme mixtures was designed for two differently pretreated rice straws (acid-pretreated or alkali-pretreated rice straw) by the mixture design methodology. 25547288 3 9 theme lignocellulose 352:365 arg1 types 367:371 lignocellulose types 352:371 lignocellulose types 352:371 Depending on the lignocellulose types and pretreatment methods, biomass compositions and physical properties significantly vary. 25547288 6 10 theme straw 1036:1040 arg1 pretreatment 1015:1026 pretreatment 1015:1026 pretreatment of rice straw 1015:1040 As a result, different optimal compositions for the enzyme mixtures were employed depending on the type of pretreatment of rice straw. 25547288 7 11 theme sugar 1170:1174 arg1 yields 1176:1181 increased sugar yields 1160:1181 increased sugar yields 1160:1181 These results suggest that customized enzyme mixtures for pretreated lignocellulosic biomass are necessary to obtain increased sugar yields and should be considered in the industrial utilization of lignocellulose. 25547288 2 12 theme enzymatic 279:287 arg1 digestibility 289:301 the enzymatic digestibility 275:301 the enzymatic digestibility of cellulose in lignocellulose 275:332 Various pretreatment methods are used to improve the enzymatic digestibility of cellulose in lignocellulose. 25547288 2 13 used used 259:262 arg2 methods 247:253 Various pretreatment methods 226:253 Various pretreatment methods 226:253 Various pretreatment methods are used to improve the enzymatic digestibility of cellulose in lignocellulose. 25547288 5 14 theme pretreated 800:809 arg1 straws 816:821 two differently pretreated rice straws 784:821 two differently pretreated rice straws (acid-pretreated or alkali-pretreated rice straw) 784:871 Here, using three recombinant model enzymes consisting of endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and xylanase with a fixed amount of β-glucosidase, the optimal formulation of enzyme mixtures was designed for two differently pretreated rice straws (acid-pretreated or alkali-pretreated rice straw) by the mixture design methodology. 25547288 5 14 theme pretreated 800:809 arg1 straw 866:870 acid-pretreated or alkali-pretreated rice straw 824:870 acid-pretreated or alkali-pretreated rice straw 824:870 Here, using three recombinant model enzymes consisting of endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and xylanase with a fixed amount of β-glucosidase, the optimal formulation of enzyme mixtures was designed for two differently pretreated rice straws (acid-pretreated or alkali-pretreated rice straw) by the mixture design methodology. 25547288 6 15 theme optimal 931:937 arg1 result 913:918 a result 911:918 a result 911:918 As a result, different optimal compositions for the enzyme mixtures were employed depending on the type of pretreatment of rice straw. 25547288 6 15 theme optimal 931:937 arg1 compositions 939:950 different optimal compositions 921:950 different optimal compositions for the enzyme mixtures 921:974 As a result, different optimal compositions for the enzyme mixtures were employed depending on the type of pretreatment of rice straw. 25547288 7 16 theme lignocellulosic 1112:1126 arg1 biomass 1128:1134 pretreated lignocellulosic biomass 1101:1134 pretreated lignocellulosic biomass 1101:1134 These results suggest that customized enzyme mixtures for pretreated lignocellulosic biomass are necessary to obtain increased sugar yields and should be considered in the industrial utilization of lignocellulose. 25547288 0 17 theme Customized 0:9 arg1 optimization 11:22 Customized optimization 0:22 Customized optimization of cellulase mixtures for differently pretreated rice straw 0:82 Customized optimization of cellulase mixtures for differently pretreated rice straw. 25547288 6 18 theme rice 1031:1034 arg1 straw 1036:1040 rice straw 1031:1040 rice straw 1031:1040 As a result, different optimal compositions for the enzyme mixtures were employed depending on the type of pretreatment of rice straw. 25547288 5 19 theme fixed 693:697 arg1 β-glucosidase 709:721 β-glucosidase 709:721 β-glucosidase 709:721 Here, using three recombinant model enzymes consisting of endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and xylanase with a fixed amount of β-glucosidase, the optimal formulation of enzyme mixtures was designed for two differently pretreated rice straws (acid-pretreated or alkali-pretreated rice straw) by the mixture design methodology. 25547288 5 19 theme fixed 693:697 arg1 amount 699:704 a fixed amount 691:704 a fixed amount of β-glucosidase 691:721 Here, using three recombinant model enzymes consisting of endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and xylanase with a fixed amount of β-glucosidase, the optimal formulation of enzyme mixtures was designed for two differently pretreated rice straws (acid-pretreated or alkali-pretreated rice straw) by the mixture design methodology. 25547288 0 20 theme cellulase 27:35 arg1 mixtures 37:44 cellulase mixtures 27:44 cellulase mixtures 27:44 Customized optimization of cellulase mixtures for differently pretreated rice straw. 25547288 5 21 with endoglucanase 639:651 arg1 β-glucosidase 709:721 β-glucosidase 709:721 β-glucosidase 709:721 Here, using three recombinant model enzymes consisting of endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and xylanase with a fixed amount of β-glucosidase, the optimal formulation of enzyme mixtures was designed for two differently pretreated rice straws (acid-pretreated or alkali-pretreated rice straw) by the mixture design methodology. 25547288 5 21 with endoglucanase 639:651 arg1 amount 699:704 a fixed amount 691:704 a fixed amount of β-glucosidase 691:721 Here, using three recombinant model enzymes consisting of endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and xylanase with a fixed amount of β-glucosidase, the optimal formulation of enzyme mixtures was designed for two differently pretreated rice straws (acid-pretreated or alkali-pretreated rice straw) by the mixture design methodology. 25547288 5 22 theme enzyme 751:756 arg1 mixtures 758:765 enzyme mixtures 751:765 enzyme mixtures 751:765 Here, using three recombinant model enzymes consisting of endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and xylanase with a fixed amount of β-glucosidase, the optimal formulation of enzyme mixtures was designed for two differently pretreated rice straws (acid-pretreated or alkali-pretreated rice straw) by the mixture design methodology. 25547288 1 23 theme large 111:115 arg1 cellulose 127:135 cellulose 127:135 cellulose 127:135 Lignocellulose contains a large amount of cellulose but is recalcitrant to enzymatic hydrolysis, which yields sugars for fuels or chemicals. 25547288 1 23 theme large 111:115 arg1 amount 117:122 a large amount 109:122 a large amount of cellulose 109:135 Lignocellulose contains a large amount of cellulose but is recalcitrant to enzymatic hydrolysis, which yields sugars for fuels or chemicals. 25547288 5 24 theme design 888:893 arg1 methodology 895:905 the mixture design methodology 876:905 the mixture design methodology 876:905 Here, using three recombinant model enzymes consisting of endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and xylanase with a fixed amount of β-glucosidase, the optimal formulation of enzyme mixtures was designed for two differently pretreated rice straws (acid-pretreated or alkali-pretreated rice straw) by the mixture design methodology. 25547288 3 25 theme biomass 399:405 arg1 compositions 407:418 biomass compositions 399:418 biomass compositions 399:418 Depending on the lignocellulose types and pretreatment methods, biomass compositions and physical properties significantly vary. 25547288 6 26 theme pretreatment 1015:1026 arg1 type 1007:1010 the type 1003:1010 the type of pretreatment of rice straw 1003:1040 As a result, different optimal compositions for the enzyme mixtures were employed depending on the type of pretreatment of rice straw. 25547288 5 27 theme mixtures 758:765 arg1 formulation 736:746 the optimal formulation 724:746 the optimal formulation of enzyme mixtures 724:765 Here, using three recombinant model enzymes consisting of endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and xylanase with a fixed amount of β-glucosidase, the optimal formulation of enzyme mixtures was designed for two differently pretreated rice straws (acid-pretreated or alkali-pretreated rice straw) by the mixture design methodology. 25547288 6 28 theme different 921:929 arg1 result 913:918 a result 911:918 a result 911:918 As a result, different optimal compositions for the enzyme mixtures were employed depending on the type of pretreatment of rice straw. 25547288 6 28 theme different 921:929 arg1 compositions 939:950 different optimal compositions 921:950 different optimal compositions for the enzyme mixtures 921:974 As a result, different optimal compositions for the enzyme mixtures were employed depending on the type of pretreatment of rice straw. 25547288 2 29 theme cellulose 306:314 arg1 digestibility 289:301 the enzymatic digestibility 275:301 the enzymatic digestibility of cellulose in lignocellulose 275:332 Various pretreatment methods are used to improve the enzymatic digestibility of cellulose in lignocellulose. 25547288 7 30 theme industrial 1215:1224 arg1 utilization 1226:1236 the industrial utilization 1211:1236 the industrial utilization of lignocellulose 1211:1254 These results suggest that customized enzyme mixtures for pretreated lignocellulosic biomass are necessary to obtain increased sugar yields and should be considered in the industrial utilization of lignocellulose. 25547288 4 31 theme enzyme 486:491 arg1 mixtures 493:500 customized enzyme mixtures 475:500 customized enzyme mixtures 475:500 Therefore, customized enzyme mixtures have to be employed for the efficient hydrolysis of pretreated lignocellulose. 25547288 0 32 theme mixtures 37:44 arg1 optimization 11:22 Customized optimization 0:22 Customized optimization of cellulase mixtures for differently pretreated rice straw 0:82 Customized optimization of cellulase mixtures for differently pretreated rice straw. 25547288 5 33 theme alkali-pretreated 843:859 arg1 straws 816:821 two differently pretreated rice straws 784:821 two differently pretreated rice straws (acid-pretreated or alkali-pretreated rice straw) 784:871 Here, using three recombinant model enzymes consisting of endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and xylanase with a fixed amount of β-glucosidase, the optimal formulation of enzyme mixtures was designed for two differently pretreated rice straws (acid-pretreated or alkali-pretreated rice straw) by the mixture design methodology. 25547288 5 33 theme alkali-pretreated 843:859 arg1 straw 866:870 acid-pretreated or alkali-pretreated rice straw 824:870 acid-pretreated or alkali-pretreated rice straw 824:870 Here, using three recombinant model enzymes consisting of endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and xylanase with a fixed amount of β-glucosidase, the optimal formulation of enzyme mixtures was designed for two differently pretreated rice straws (acid-pretreated or alkali-pretreated rice straw) by the mixture design methodology. 25547288 2 34 theme pretreatment 234:245 arg1 methods 247:253 Various pretreatment methods 226:253 Various pretreatment methods 226:253 Various pretreatment methods are used to improve the enzymatic digestibility of cellulose in lignocellulose. 25547288 7 35 theme customized 1070:1079 arg1 mixtures 1088:1095 customized enzyme mixtures 1070:1095 customized enzyme mixtures for pretreated lignocellulosic biomass 1070:1134 These results suggest that customized enzyme mixtures for pretreated lignocellulosic biomass are necessary to obtain increased sugar yields and should be considered in the industrial utilization of lignocellulose. 25547288 5 36 with cellobiohydrolase 654:670 arg1 β-glucosidase 709:721 β-glucosidase 709:721 β-glucosidase 709:721 Here, using three recombinant model enzymes consisting of endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and xylanase with a fixed amount of β-glucosidase, the optimal formulation of enzyme mixtures was designed for two differently pretreated rice straws (acid-pretreated or alkali-pretreated rice straw) by the mixture design methodology. 25547288 5 36 with cellobiohydrolase 654:670 arg1 amount 699:704 a fixed amount 691:704 a fixed amount of β-glucosidase 691:721 Here, using three recombinant model enzymes consisting of endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and xylanase with a fixed amount of β-glucosidase, the optimal formulation of enzyme mixtures was designed for two differently pretreated rice straws (acid-pretreated or alkali-pretreated rice straw) by the mixture design methodology. 25547288 3 37 theme physical 424:431 arg1 properties 433:442 physical properties 424:442 physical properties 424:442 Depending on the lignocellulose types and pretreatment methods, biomass compositions and physical properties significantly vary. 25547288 4 38 theme lignocellulose 565:578 arg1 hydrolysis 540:549 the efficient hydrolysis 526:549 the efficient hydrolysis of pretreated lignocellulose 526:578 Therefore, customized enzyme mixtures have to be employed for the efficient hydrolysis of pretreated lignocellulose. 25547288 3 39 dep types 367:371 arg1 the 348:350 the 348:350 the 348:350 Depending on the lignocellulose types and pretreatment methods, biomass compositions and physical properties significantly vary. 25547288 0 40 theme rice 73:76 arg1 straw 78:82 differently pretreated rice straw 50:82 differently pretreated rice straw 50:82 Customized optimization of cellulase mixtures for differently pretreated rice straw. 25547288 2 41 theme Various 226:232 arg1 methods 247:253 Various pretreatment methods 226:253 Various pretreatment methods 226:253 Various pretreatment methods are used to improve the enzymatic digestibility of cellulose in lignocellulose. 25547288 7 42 theme enzyme 1081:1086 arg1 mixtures 1088:1095 customized enzyme mixtures 1070:1095 customized enzyme mixtures for pretreated lignocellulosic biomass 1070:1134 These results suggest that customized enzyme mixtures for pretreated lignocellulosic biomass are necessary to obtain increased sugar yields and should be considered in the industrial utilization of lignocellulose. 25547288 5 43 theme optimal 728:734 arg1 formulation 736:746 the optimal formulation 724:746 the optimal formulation of enzyme mixtures 724:765 Here, using three recombinant model enzymes consisting of endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and xylanase with a fixed amount of β-glucosidase, the optimal formulation of enzyme mixtures was designed for two differently pretreated rice straws (acid-pretreated or alkali-pretreated rice straw) by the mixture design methodology. 25547288 5 44 theme recombinant 599:609 arg1 enzymes 617:623 three recombinant model enzymes 593:623 three recombinant model enzymes consisting of endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and xylanase with a fixed amount of β-glucosidase 593:721 Here, using three recombinant model enzymes consisting of endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and xylanase with a fixed amount of β-glucosidase, the optimal formulation of enzyme mixtures was designed for two differently pretreated rice straws (acid-pretreated or alkali-pretreated rice straw) by the mixture design methodology. 25547288 1 45 theme cellulose 127:135 arg1 cellulose 127:135 cellulose 127:135 cellulose 127:135 Lignocellulose contains a large amount of cellulose but is recalcitrant to enzymatic hydrolysis, which yields sugars for fuels or chemicals. 25547288 1 45 theme cellulose 127:135 arg1 amount 117:122 a large amount 109:122 a large amount of cellulose 109:135 Lignocellulose contains a large amount of cellulose but is recalcitrant to enzymatic hydrolysis, which yields sugars for fuels or chemicals. 25547288 1 46 contain contains 100:107 arg2 amount 117:122 a large amount 109:122 a large amount of cellulose 109:135 Lignocellulose contains a large amount of cellulose but is recalcitrant to enzymatic hydrolysis, which yields sugars for fuels or chemicals. 25547288 1 46 contain contains 100:107 arg1 Lignocellulose 85:98 Lignocellulose 85:98 Lignocellulose 85:98 Lignocellulose contains a large amount of cellulose but is recalcitrant to enzymatic hydrolysis, which yields sugars for fuels or chemicals. 25547288 1 46 contain contains 100:107 arg2 cellulose 127:135 cellulose 127:135 cellulose 127:135 Lignocellulose contains a large amount of cellulose but is recalcitrant to enzymatic hydrolysis, which yields sugars for fuels or chemicals. 25547288 5 47 theme model 611:615 arg1 enzymes 617:623 three recombinant model enzymes 593:623 three recombinant model enzymes consisting of endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and xylanase with a fixed amount of β-glucosidase 593:721 Here, using three recombinant model enzymes consisting of endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and xylanase with a fixed amount of β-glucosidase, the optimal formulation of enzyme mixtures was designed for two differently pretreated rice straws (acid-pretreated or alkali-pretreated rice straw) by the mixture design methodology. 25547288 5 48 with xylanase 677:684 arg1 β-glucosidase 709:721 β-glucosidase 709:721 β-glucosidase 709:721 Here, using three recombinant model enzymes consisting of endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and xylanase with a fixed amount of β-glucosidase, the optimal formulation of enzyme mixtures was designed for two differently pretreated rice straws (acid-pretreated or alkali-pretreated rice straw) by the mixture design methodology. 25547288 5 48 with xylanase 677:684 arg1 amount 699:704 a fixed amount 691:704 a fixed amount of β-glucosidase 691:721 Here, using three recombinant model enzymes consisting of endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and xylanase with a fixed amount of β-glucosidase, the optimal formulation of enzyme mixtures was designed for two differently pretreated rice straws (acid-pretreated or alkali-pretreated rice straw) by the mixture design methodology. 25547288 4 49 theme customized 475:484 arg1 mixtures 493:500 customized enzyme mixtures 475:500 customized enzyme mixtures 475:500 Therefore, customized enzyme mixtures have to be employed for the efficient hydrolysis of pretreated lignocellulose. 25547288 7 50 theme increased 1160:1168 arg1 yields 1176:1181 increased sugar yields 1160:1181 increased sugar yields 1160:1181 These results suggest that customized enzyme mixtures for pretreated lignocellulosic biomass are necessary to obtain increased sugar yields and should be considered in the industrial utilization of lignocellulose. 25547288 5 51 theme rice 811:814 arg1 straws 816:821 two differently pretreated rice straws 784:821 two differently pretreated rice straws (acid-pretreated or alkali-pretreated rice straw) 784:871 Here, using three recombinant model enzymes consisting of endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and xylanase with a fixed amount of β-glucosidase, the optimal formulation of enzyme mixtures was designed for two differently pretreated rice straws (acid-pretreated or alkali-pretreated rice straw) by the mixture design methodology. 25547288 5 51 theme rice 811:814 arg1 straw 866:870 acid-pretreated or alkali-pretreated rice straw 824:870 acid-pretreated or alkali-pretreated rice straw 824:870 Here, using three recombinant model enzymes consisting of endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and xylanase with a fixed amount of β-glucosidase, the optimal formulation of enzyme mixtures was designed for two differently pretreated rice straws (acid-pretreated or alkali-pretreated rice straw) by the mixture design methodology. 25547288 2 52 from digestibility 289:301 arg1 lignocellulose 319:332 lignocellulose 319:332 lignocellulose 319:332 Various pretreatment methods are used to improve the enzymatic digestibility of cellulose in lignocellulose. 25547288 0 53 theme pretreated 62:71 arg1 straw 78:82 differently pretreated rice straw 50:82 differently pretreated rice straw 50:82 Customized optimization of cellulase mixtures for differently pretreated rice straw. 25547288 5 54 theme mixture 880:886 arg1 methodology 895:905 the mixture design methodology 876:905 the mixture design methodology 876:905 Here, using three recombinant model enzymes consisting of endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and xylanase with a fixed amount of β-glucosidase, the optimal formulation of enzyme mixtures was designed for two differently pretreated rice straws (acid-pretreated or alkali-pretreated rice straw) by the mixture design methodology. 25547288 7 55 theme lignocellulose 1241:1254 arg1 utilization 1226:1236 the industrial utilization 1211:1236 the industrial utilization of lignocellulose 1211:1254 These results suggest that customized enzyme mixtures for pretreated lignocellulosic biomass are necessary to obtain increased sugar yields and should be considered in the industrial utilization of lignocellulose. 26376669 0 0 theme nosocomial 87:96 arg1 pathogens 112:120 nosocomial opportunistic pathogens 87:120 nosocomial opportunistic pathogens 87:120 Gene expression analysis in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes stimulated by LPSs from nosocomial opportunistic pathogens. 26376669 0 1 from analysis 16:23 arg1 leukocytes 52:61 human polymorphonuclear leukocytes 28:61 human polymorphonuclear leukocytes 28:61 Gene expression analysis in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes stimulated by LPSs from nosocomial opportunistic pathogens. 26376669 5 2 attach isolated 872:879 arg1 MDRA 895:898 MDRA 895:898 MDRA 895:898 Similarly, TLR4 expression was not significantly altered by LPS isolated from B4, PAO1 and A. baumannii but was down-regulated by LPS isolated from MDRP and MDRA by 0.1- and 0.6-fold, respectively. 26376669 5 2 attach isolated 872:879 arg2 LPS 868:870 LPS 868:870 LPS isolated from MDRP and MDRA by 0.1- and 0.6-fold, respectively 868:933 Similarly, TLR4 expression was not significantly altered by LPS isolated from B4, PAO1 and A. baumannii but was down-regulated by LPS isolated from MDRP and MDRA by 0.1- and 0.6-fold, respectively. 26376669 5 2 attach isolated 872:879 arg1 MDRP 886:889 MDRP 886:889 MDRP 886:889 Similarly, TLR4 expression was not significantly altered by LPS isolated from B4, PAO1 and A. baumannii but was down-regulated by LPS isolated from MDRP and MDRA by 0.1- and 0.6-fold, respectively. 26376669 7 3 theme TNFA 1054:1057 arg1 expression 1086:1095 TNFA, IL1B, IL6, IL10 and TREM1 expression 1054:1095 TNFA, IL1B, IL6, IL10 and TREM1 expression 1054:1095 However, all five LPS subtypes up-regulated TNFA, IL1B, IL6, IL10 and TREM1 expression in a concentration-dependent manner, with the most substantial responses observed following exposure to LPS from MDRP and MDRA. 26376669 1 4 theme polymorphonuclear 177:193 arg1 PMNs 207:210 PMNs 207:210 PMNs 207:210 Innate immunity coordinates LPS detection via TLR4 on polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) to elicit responses to many Gram-negative bacteria. 26376669 1 4 theme polymorphonuclear 177:193 arg1 leukocytes 195:204 polymorphonuclear leukocytes 177:204 polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) 177:211 Innate immunity coordinates LPS detection via TLR4 on polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) to elicit responses to many Gram-negative bacteria. 26376669 4 5 from MDRA 649:652 arg1 LPS 631:633 LPS 631:633 LPS from MDRP and MDRA 631:652 However, LPS from MDRP and MDRA caused a 0.6-fold decrease and 2.7-fold increase, respectively, in TLR2 expression. 26376669 2 6 theme [isolated 328:336 arg1 aeruginosa 416:425 P. aeruginosa 413:425 multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDRP) 393:432 In this study, we describe the effects of five subtypes of LPS [isolated from Escherichia coli B4, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDRP), Acinetobacter baumannii and multidrug-resistant A. baumannii (MDRA)] on gene expression in PMNs. 26376669 2 6 theme [isolated 328:336 arg1 LPS 324:326 LPS [isolated 324:336 LPS [isolated from Escherichia coli B4 324:361 In this study, we describe the effects of five subtypes of LPS [isolated from Escherichia coli B4, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDRP), Acinetobacter baumannii and multidrug-resistant A. baumannii (MDRA)] on gene expression in PMNs. 26376669 2 6 theme [isolated 328:336 arg1 baumannii 449:457 Acinetobacter baumannii 435:457 Acinetobacter baumannii 435:457 In this study, we describe the effects of five subtypes of LPS [isolated from Escherichia coli B4, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDRP), Acinetobacter baumannii and multidrug-resistant A. baumannii (MDRA)] on gene expression in PMNs. 26376669 2 6 theme [isolated 328:336 arg1 PAO1 387:390 Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 364:390 Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 364:390 In this study, we describe the effects of five subtypes of LPS [isolated from Escherichia coli B4, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDRP), Acinetobacter baumannii and multidrug-resistant A. baumannii (MDRA)] on gene expression in PMNs. 26376669 2 6 theme [isolated 328:336 arg1 baumannii 486:494 A. baumannii 483:494 multidrug-resistant A. baumannii 463:494 In this study, we describe the effects of five subtypes of LPS [isolated from Escherichia coli B4, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDRP), Acinetobacter baumannii and multidrug-resistant A. baumannii (MDRA)] on gene expression in PMNs. 26376669 7 7 theme LPS 1028:1030 arg1 subtypes 1032:1039 all five LPS subtypes 1019:1039 all five LPS subtypes 1019:1039 However, all five LPS subtypes up-regulated TNFA, IL1B, IL6, IL10 and TREM1 expression in a concentration-dependent manner, with the most substantial responses observed following exposure to LPS from MDRP and MDRA. 26376669 6 8 from expression 990:999 arg1 PMNs 1004:1007 PMNs 1004:1007 PMNs 1004:1007 All LPS subtypes, excluding PAO1, down-regulated CD14 expression in PMNs. 26376669 4 9 theme TLR2 721:724 arg1 expression 726:735 TLR2 expression 721:735 TLR2 expression 721:735 However, LPS from MDRP and MDRA caused a 0.6-fold decrease and 2.7-fold increase, respectively, in TLR2 expression. 26376669 2 10 from subtypes 312:319 arg1 B4 360:361 Escherichia coli B4 343:361 Escherichia coli B4 343:361 In this study, we describe the effects of five subtypes of LPS [isolated from Escherichia coli B4, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDRP), Acinetobacter baumannii and multidrug-resistant A. baumannii (MDRA)] on gene expression in PMNs. 26376669 0 11 theme opportunistic 98:110 arg1 pathogens 112:120 nosocomial opportunistic pathogens 87:120 nosocomial opportunistic pathogens 87:120 Gene expression analysis in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes stimulated by LPSs from nosocomial opportunistic pathogens. 26376669 7 12 theme substantial 1148:1158 arg1 responses 1160:1168 the most substantial responses 1139:1168 the most substantial responses observed following exposure to LPS from MDRP and MDRA 1139:1222 However, all five LPS subtypes up-regulated TNFA, IL1B, IL6, IL10 and TREM1 expression in a concentration-dependent manner, with the most substantial responses observed following exposure to LPS from MDRP and MDRA. 26376669 4 13 theme 2.7-fold 685:692 arg1 increase 694:701 2.7-fold increase 685:701 2.7-fold increase 685:701 However, LPS from MDRP and MDRA caused a 0.6-fold decrease and 2.7-fold increase, respectively, in TLR2 expression. 26376669 4 14 from MDRP 640:643 arg1 LPS 631:633 LPS 631:633 LPS from MDRP and MDRA 631:652 However, LPS from MDRP and MDRA caused a 0.6-fold decrease and 2.7-fold increase, respectively, in TLR2 expression. 26376669 2 15 theme gene 507:510 arg1 expression 512:521 gene expression 507:521 gene expression in PMNs 507:529 In this study, we describe the effects of five subtypes of LPS [isolated from Escherichia coli B4, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDRP), Acinetobacter baumannii and multidrug-resistant A. baumannii (MDRA)] on gene expression in PMNs. 26376669 2 16 dep Pseudomonas 364:374 arg1 aeruginosa 376:385 aeruginosa 376:385 aeruginosa 376:385 In this study, we describe the effects of five subtypes of LPS [isolated from Escherichia coli B4, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDRP), Acinetobacter baumannii and multidrug-resistant A. baumannii (MDRA)] on gene expression in PMNs. 26376669 2 17 from B4 360:361 arg1 subtypes 312:319 five subtypes 307:319 five subtypes of LPS [isolated from Escherichia coli B4, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDRP), Acinetobacter baumannii and multidrug-resistant A. baumannii (MDRA)] 307:502 In this study, we describe the effects of five subtypes of LPS [isolated from Escherichia coli B4, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDRP), Acinetobacter baumannii and multidrug-resistant A. baumannii (MDRA)] on gene expression in PMNs. 26376669 2 17 from B4 360:361 arg1 baumannii 449:457 Acinetobacter baumannii 435:457 Acinetobacter baumannii 435:457 In this study, we describe the effects of five subtypes of LPS [isolated from Escherichia coli B4, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDRP), Acinetobacter baumannii and multidrug-resistant A. baumannii (MDRA)] on gene expression in PMNs. 26376669 2 17 from B4 360:361 arg1 aeruginosa 416:425 P. aeruginosa 413:425 multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDRP) 393:432 In this study, we describe the effects of five subtypes of LPS [isolated from Escherichia coli B4, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDRP), Acinetobacter baumannii and multidrug-resistant A. baumannii (MDRA)] on gene expression in PMNs. 26376669 2 17 from B4 360:361 arg1 LPS 324:326 LPS [isolated 324:336 LPS [isolated from Escherichia coli B4 324:361 In this study, we describe the effects of five subtypes of LPS [isolated from Escherichia coli B4, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDRP), Acinetobacter baumannii and multidrug-resistant A. baumannii (MDRA)] on gene expression in PMNs. 26376669 2 17 from B4 360:361 arg1 PAO1 387:390 Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 364:390 Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 364:390 In this study, we describe the effects of five subtypes of LPS [isolated from Escherichia coli B4, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDRP), Acinetobacter baumannii and multidrug-resistant A. baumannii (MDRA)] on gene expression in PMNs. 26376669 2 17 from B4 360:361 arg1 baumannii 486:494 A. baumannii 483:494 multidrug-resistant A. baumannii 463:494 In this study, we describe the effects of five subtypes of LPS [isolated from Escherichia coli B4, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDRP), Acinetobacter baumannii and multidrug-resistant A. baumannii (MDRA)] on gene expression in PMNs. 26376669 7 18 theme TREM1 1080:1084 arg1 expression 1086:1095 TNFA, IL1B, IL6, IL10 and TREM1 expression 1054:1095 TNFA, IL1B, IL6, IL10 and TREM1 expression 1054:1095 However, all five LPS subtypes up-regulated TNFA, IL1B, IL6, IL10 and TREM1 expression in a concentration-dependent manner, with the most substantial responses observed following exposure to LPS from MDRP and MDRA. 26376669 8 19 from variation 1294:1302 arg1 modifications 1322:1334 LPS structural modifications 1307:1334 LPS structural modifications 1307:1334 These different effects on the gene expression in PMNs may depend on variation in LPS structural modifications related to acquired drug resistance, such as acylation and/or glycosylation. 26376669 8 19 from variation 1294:1302 arg1 glycosylation 1398:1410 glycosylation 1398:1410 glycosylation 1398:1410 These different effects on the gene expression in PMNs may depend on variation in LPS structural modifications related to acquired drug resistance, such as acylation and/or glycosylation. 26376669 8 19 from variation 1294:1302 arg1 acylation 1381:1389 acylation 1381:1389 acylation 1381:1389 These different effects on the gene expression in PMNs may depend on variation in LPS structural modifications related to acquired drug resistance, such as acylation and/or glycosylation. 26376669 0 20 theme expression 5:14 arg1 analysis 16:23 Gene expression analysis 0:23 Gene expression analysis in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes 0:61 Gene expression analysis in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes stimulated by LPSs from nosocomial opportunistic pathogens. 26376669 0 21 theme Gene 0:3 arg1 analysis 16:23 Gene expression analysis 0:23 Gene expression analysis in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes 0:61 Gene expression analysis in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes stimulated by LPSs from nosocomial opportunistic pathogens. 26376669 5 22 attach isolated 802:809 arg1 A. 829:830 A. 829:830 A. 829:830 Similarly, TLR4 expression was not significantly altered by LPS isolated from B4, PAO1 and A. baumannii but was down-regulated by LPS isolated from MDRP and MDRA by 0.1- and 0.6-fold, respectively. 26376669 5 22 attach isolated 802:809 arg1 PAO1 820:823 PAO1 820:823 PAO1 820:823 Similarly, TLR4 expression was not significantly altered by LPS isolated from B4, PAO1 and A. baumannii but was down-regulated by LPS isolated from MDRP and MDRA by 0.1- and 0.6-fold, respectively. 26376669 5 22 attach isolated 802:809 arg1 B4 816:817 B4 816:817 B4 816:817 Similarly, TLR4 expression was not significantly altered by LPS isolated from B4, PAO1 and A. baumannii but was down-regulated by LPS isolated from MDRP and MDRA by 0.1- and 0.6-fold, respectively. 26376669 5 22 attach isolated 802:809 arg2 LPS 798:800 LPS 798:800 LPS isolated from B4, PAO1 and A. baumannii 798:840 Similarly, TLR4 expression was not significantly altered by LPS isolated from B4, PAO1 and A. baumannii but was down-regulated by LPS isolated from MDRP and MDRA by 0.1- and 0.6-fold, respectively. 26376669 2 23 theme subtypes 312:319 arg1 effects 296:302 the effects 292:302 the effects of five subtypes of LPS [isolated from Escherichia coli B4, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDRP), Acinetobacter baumannii and multidrug-resistant A. baumannii (MDRA)] on gene expression in PMNs 292:529 In this study, we describe the effects of five subtypes of LPS [isolated from Escherichia coli B4, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDRP), Acinetobacter baumannii and multidrug-resistant A. baumannii (MDRA)] on gene expression in PMNs. 26376669 3 24 attach isolated 536:543 arg1 A. 564:565 A. 564:565 A. 564:565 LPS isolated from B4, PAO1, and A. baumannii did not significantly alter TLR2 expression. 26376669 3 24 attach isolated 536:543 arg1 B4 550:551 B4 550:551 B4 550:551 LPS isolated from B4, PAO1, and A. baumannii did not significantly alter TLR2 expression. 26376669 3 24 attach isolated 536:543 arg1 PAO1 554:557 PAO1 554:557 PAO1 554:557 LPS isolated from B4, PAO1, and A. baumannii did not significantly alter TLR2 expression. 26376669 3 24 attach isolated 536:543 arg2 LPS 532:534 LPS 532:534 LPS isolated from B4, PAO1, and A. baumannii 532:575 LPS isolated from B4, PAO1, and A. baumannii did not significantly alter TLR2 expression. 26376669 2 25 dep Escherichia 343:353 arg1 coli 355:358 coli 355:358 coli 355:358 In this study, we describe the effects of five subtypes of LPS [isolated from Escherichia coli B4, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDRP), Acinetobacter baumannii and multidrug-resistant A. baumannii (MDRA)] on gene expression in PMNs. 26376669 6 26 theme CD14 985:988 arg1 expression 990:999 CD14 expression 985:999 CD14 expression in PMNs 985:1007 All LPS subtypes, excluding PAO1, down-regulated CD14 expression in PMNs. 26376669 7 27 theme IL10 1071:1074 arg1 expression 1086:1095 TNFA, IL1B, IL6, IL10 and TREM1 expression 1054:1095 TNFA, IL1B, IL6, IL10 and TREM1 expression 1054:1095 However, all five LPS subtypes up-regulated TNFA, IL1B, IL6, IL10 and TREM1 expression in a concentration-dependent manner, with the most substantial responses observed following exposure to LPS from MDRP and MDRA. 26376669 8 28 theme drug 1356:1359 arg1 resistance 1361:1370 acquired drug resistance 1347:1370 acquired drug resistance 1347:1370 These different effects on the gene expression in PMNs may depend on variation in LPS structural modifications related to acquired drug resistance, such as acylation and/or glycosylation. 26376669 1 29 theme Innate 123:128 arg1 immunity 130:137 Innate immunity 123:137 Innate immunity 123:137 Innate immunity coordinates LPS detection via TLR4 on polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) to elicit responses to many Gram-negative bacteria. 26376669 0 30 theme polymorphonuclear 34:50 arg1 leukocytes 52:61 human polymorphonuclear leukocytes 28:61 human polymorphonuclear leukocytes 28:61 Gene expression analysis in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes stimulated by LPSs from nosocomial opportunistic pathogens. 26376669 8 31 theme different 1231:1239 arg1 effects 1241:1247 These different effects 1225:1247 These different effects on the gene expression in PMNs 1225:1278 These different effects on the gene expression in PMNs may depend on variation in LPS structural modifications related to acquired drug resistance, such as acylation and/or glycosylation. 26376669 8 32 theme acquired 1347:1354 arg1 resistance 1361:1370 acquired drug resistance 1347:1370 acquired drug resistance 1347:1370 These different effects on the gene expression in PMNs may depend on variation in LPS structural modifications related to acquired drug resistance, such as acylation and/or glycosylation. 26376669 0 33 theme human 28:32 arg1 leukocytes 52:61 human polymorphonuclear leukocytes 28:61 human polymorphonuclear leukocytes 28:61 Gene expression analysis in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes stimulated by LPSs from nosocomial opportunistic pathogens. 26376669 7 34 theme IL6 1066:1068 arg1 expression 1086:1095 TNFA, IL1B, IL6, IL10 and TREM1 expression 1054:1095 TNFA, IL1B, IL6, IL10 and TREM1 expression 1054:1095 However, all five LPS subtypes up-regulated TNFA, IL1B, IL6, IL10 and TREM1 expression in a concentration-dependent manner, with the most substantial responses observed following exposure to LPS from MDRP and MDRA. 26376669 3 35 theme TLR2 605:608 arg1 expression 610:619 TLR2 expression 605:619 TLR2 expression 605:619 LPS isolated from B4, PAO1, and A. baumannii did not significantly alter TLR2 expression. 26376669 5 36 theme TLR4 749:752 arg1 expression 754:763 TLR4 expression 749:763 TLR4 expression 749:763 Similarly, TLR4 expression was not significantly altered by LPS isolated from B4, PAO1 and A. baumannii but was down-regulated by LPS isolated from MDRP and MDRA by 0.1- and 0.6-fold, respectively. 26376669 8 37 theme LPS 1307:1309 arg1 modifications 1322:1334 LPS structural modifications 1307:1334 LPS structural modifications 1307:1334 These different effects on the gene expression in PMNs may depend on variation in LPS structural modifications related to acquired drug resistance, such as acylation and/or glycosylation. 26376669 8 37 theme LPS 1307:1309 arg1 glycosylation 1398:1410 glycosylation 1398:1410 glycosylation 1398:1410 These different effects on the gene expression in PMNs may depend on variation in LPS structural modifications related to acquired drug resistance, such as acylation and/or glycosylation. 26376669 8 37 theme LPS 1307:1309 arg1 acylation 1381:1389 acylation 1381:1389 acylation 1381:1389 These different effects on the gene expression in PMNs may depend on variation in LPS structural modifications related to acquired drug resistance, such as acylation and/or glycosylation. 26376669 7 38 from MDRP 1210:1213 arg1 LPS 1201:1203 LPS 1201:1203 LPS from MDRP and MDRA 1201:1222 However, all five LPS subtypes up-regulated TNFA, IL1B, IL6, IL10 and TREM1 expression in a concentration-dependent manner, with the most substantial responses observed following exposure to LPS from MDRP and MDRA. 26376669 2 39 theme Escherichia 343:353 arg1 B4 360:361 Escherichia coli B4 343:361 Escherichia coli B4 343:361 In this study, we describe the effects of five subtypes of LPS [isolated from Escherichia coli B4, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDRP), Acinetobacter baumannii and multidrug-resistant A. baumannii (MDRA)] on gene expression in PMNs. 26376669 7 40 theme IL1B 1060:1063 arg1 expression 1086:1095 TNFA, IL1B, IL6, IL10 and TREM1 expression 1054:1095 TNFA, IL1B, IL6, IL10 and TREM1 expression 1054:1095 However, all five LPS subtypes up-regulated TNFA, IL1B, IL6, IL10 and TREM1 expression in a concentration-dependent manner, with the most substantial responses observed following exposure to LPS from MDRP and MDRA. 26376669 7 41 theme concentration-dependent 1102:1124 arg1 manner 1126:1131 a concentration-dependent manner 1100:1131 a concentration-dependent manner 1100:1131 However, all five LPS subtypes up-regulated TNFA, IL1B, IL6, IL10 and TREM1 expression in a concentration-dependent manner, with the most substantial responses observed following exposure to LPS from MDRP and MDRA. 26376669 4 42 theme 0.6-fold 663:670 arg1 decrease 672:679 a 0.6-fold decrease 661:679 a 0.6-fold decrease 661:679 However, LPS from MDRP and MDRA caused a 0.6-fold decrease and 2.7-fold increase, respectively, in TLR2 expression. 26376669 8 43 from expression 1261:1270 arg1 PMNs 1275:1278 PMNs 1275:1278 PMNs 1275:1278 These different effects on the gene expression in PMNs may depend on variation in LPS structural modifications related to acquired drug resistance, such as acylation and/or glycosylation. 26376669 8 44 from effects 1241:1247 arg1 expression 1261:1270 the gene expression 1252:1270 the gene expression in PMNs 1252:1278 These different effects on the gene expression in PMNs may depend on variation in LPS structural modifications related to acquired drug resistance, such as acylation and/or glycosylation. 26376669 7 45 from MDRA 1219:1222 arg1 LPS 1201:1203 LPS 1201:1203 LPS from MDRP and MDRA 1201:1222 However, all five LPS subtypes up-regulated TNFA, IL1B, IL6, IL10 and TREM1 expression in a concentration-dependent manner, with the most substantial responses observed following exposure to LPS from MDRP and MDRA. 26376669 1 46 theme LPS 151:153 arg1 detection 155:163 LPS detection 151:163 LPS detection 151:163 Innate immunity coordinates LPS detection via TLR4 on polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) to elicit responses to many Gram-negative bacteria. 26376669 1 47 theme many 236:239 arg1 bacteria 255:262 many Gram-negative bacteria 236:262 many Gram-negative bacteria 236:262 Innate immunity coordinates LPS detection via TLR4 on polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) to elicit responses to many Gram-negative bacteria. 26376669 8 48 theme gene 1256:1259 arg1 expression 1261:1270 the gene expression 1252:1270 the gene expression in PMNs 1252:1278 These different effects on the gene expression in PMNs may depend on variation in LPS structural modifications related to acquired drug resistance, such as acylation and/or glycosylation. 26376669 0 49 from pathogens 112:120 arg1 LPSs 77:80 LPSs 77:80 LPSs from nosocomial opportunistic pathogens 77:120 Gene expression analysis in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes stimulated by LPSs from nosocomial opportunistic pathogens. 26376669 8 50 theme structural 1311:1320 arg1 modifications 1322:1334 LPS structural modifications 1307:1334 LPS structural modifications 1307:1334 These different effects on the gene expression in PMNs may depend on variation in LPS structural modifications related to acquired drug resistance, such as acylation and/or glycosylation. 26376669 8 50 theme structural 1311:1320 arg1 glycosylation 1398:1410 glycosylation 1398:1410 glycosylation 1398:1410 These different effects on the gene expression in PMNs may depend on variation in LPS structural modifications related to acquired drug resistance, such as acylation and/or glycosylation. 26376669 8 50 theme structural 1311:1320 arg1 acylation 1381:1389 acylation 1381:1389 acylation 1381:1389 These different effects on the gene expression in PMNs may depend on variation in LPS structural modifications related to acquired drug resistance, such as acylation and/or glycosylation. 26376669 2 51 theme LPS 324:326 arg1 subtypes 312:319 five subtypes 307:319 five subtypes of LPS [isolated from Escherichia coli B4, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDRP), Acinetobacter baumannii and multidrug-resistant A. baumannii (MDRA)] 307:502 In this study, we describe the effects of five subtypes of LPS [isolated from Escherichia coli B4, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDRP), Acinetobacter baumannii and multidrug-resistant A. baumannii (MDRA)] on gene expression in PMNs. 26376669 2 52 from effects 296:302 arg1 expression 512:521 gene expression 507:521 gene expression in PMNs 507:529 In this study, we describe the effects of five subtypes of LPS [isolated from Escherichia coli B4, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDRP), Acinetobacter baumannii and multidrug-resistant A. baumannii (MDRA)] on gene expression in PMNs. 26376669 1 53 theme Gram-negative 241:253 arg1 bacteria 255:262 many Gram-negative bacteria 236:262 many Gram-negative bacteria 236:262 Innate immunity coordinates LPS detection via TLR4 on polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) to elicit responses to many Gram-negative bacteria. 26376669 2 54 from expression 512:521 arg1 PMNs 526:529 PMNs 526:529 PMNs 526:529 In this study, we describe the effects of five subtypes of LPS [isolated from Escherichia coli B4, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDRP), Acinetobacter baumannii and multidrug-resistant A. baumannii (MDRA)] on gene expression in PMNs. 26376669 2 55 theme Pseudomonas 364:374 arg1 LPS 324:326 LPS [isolated 324:336 LPS [isolated from Escherichia coli B4 324:361 In this study, we describe the effects of five subtypes of LPS [isolated from Escherichia coli B4, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDRP), Acinetobacter baumannii and multidrug-resistant A. baumannii (MDRA)] on gene expression in PMNs. 26376669 2 55 theme Pseudomonas 364:374 arg1 PAO1 387:390 Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 364:390 Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 364:390 In this study, we describe the effects of five subtypes of LPS [isolated from Escherichia coli B4, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDRP), Acinetobacter baumannii and multidrug-resistant A. baumannii (MDRA)] on gene expression in PMNs. 26376669 8 56 theme related 1336:1342 arg1 modifications 1322:1334 LPS structural modifications 1307:1334 LPS structural modifications 1307:1334 These different effects on the gene expression in PMNs may depend on variation in LPS structural modifications related to acquired drug resistance, such as acylation and/or glycosylation. 26376669 8 56 theme related 1336:1342 arg1 glycosylation 1398:1410 glycosylation 1398:1410 glycosylation 1398:1410 These different effects on the gene expression in PMNs may depend on variation in LPS structural modifications related to acquired drug resistance, such as acylation and/or glycosylation. 26376669 8 56 theme related 1336:1342 arg1 acylation 1381:1389 acylation 1381:1389 acylation 1381:1389 These different effects on the gene expression in PMNs may depend on variation in LPS structural modifications related to acquired drug resistance, such as acylation and/or glycosylation. 26376669 6 57 theme LPS 940:942 arg1 subtypes 944:951 All LPS subtypes 936:951 All LPS subtypes 936:951 All LPS subtypes, excluding PAO1, down-regulated CD14 expression in PMNs. 26634840 5 0 theme enzymatic 779:787 arg1 hydrolysis 789:798 enzymatic hydrolysis 779:798 enzymatic hydrolysis of the hydrotropic Miscanthus and oat hull pulps 779:847 As the initial substrate loadings were raised during enzymatic hydrolysis of the hydrotropic Miscanthus and oat hull pulps, the concentration of reducing sugars increased by 34 g/dm(3) and the yield of reducing sugars decreased by 31 %. 26634840 5 1 theme hydrotropic 807:817 arg1 Miscanthus 819:828 the hydrotropic Miscanthus and oat hull pulps 803:847 Miscanthus 819:828 As the initial substrate loadings were raised during enzymatic hydrolysis of the hydrotropic Miscanthus and oat hull pulps, the concentration of reducing sugars increased by 34 g/dm(3) and the yield of reducing sugars decreased by 31 %. 26634840 6 2 dep Miscanthus 1061:1070 arg1 hulls 1080:1084 hulls 1080:1084 hulls 1080:1084 The findings allow us to predict the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis of hydrotropic pulps from Miscanthus and oat hulls when scaling up the process by volume. 26634840 6 3 theme enzymatic 1014:1022 arg1 hydrolysis 1024:1033 enzymatic hydrolysis 1014:1033 enzymatic hydrolysis of hydrotropic pulps from Miscanthus and oat hulls 1014:1084 The findings allow us to predict the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis of hydrotropic pulps from Miscanthus and oat hulls when scaling up the process by volume. 26634840 6 4 from hydrolysis 1024:1033 arg1 oat 1076:1078 oat 1076:1078 oat 1076:1078 The findings allow us to predict the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis of hydrotropic pulps from Miscanthus and oat hulls when scaling up the process by volume. 26634840 6 4 from hydrolysis 1024:1033 arg1 Miscanthus 1061:1070 Miscanthus 1061:1070 Miscanthus 1061:1070 The findings allow us to predict the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis of hydrotropic pulps from Miscanthus and oat hulls when scaling up the process by volume. 26634840 6 5 from Miscanthus 1061:1070 arg1 pulps 1050:1054 hydrotropic pulps 1038:1054 hydrotropic pulps from Miscanthus and oat hulls 1038:1084 The findings allow us to predict the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis of hydrotropic pulps from Miscanthus and oat hulls when scaling up the process by volume. 26634840 6 5 from Miscanthus 1061:1070 arg1 hydrolysis 1024:1033 enzymatic hydrolysis 1014:1033 enzymatic hydrolysis of hydrotropic pulps from Miscanthus and oat hulls 1014:1084 The findings allow us to predict the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis of hydrotropic pulps from Miscanthus and oat hulls when scaling up the process by volume. 26634840 2 6 theme effective 323:331 arg1 technique 346:354 an effective pretreatment technique 320:354 an effective pretreatment technique 320:354 Biotechnological processing implies the selection of an effective pretreatment technique for raw materials. 26634840 4 7 theme enzymatic 617:625 arg1 hydrolysis 627:636 enzymatic hydrolysis 617:636 enzymatic hydrolysis compared to that from Miscanthus 617:669 The hydrotropic pulp from oat hulls was more reactive toward enzymatic hydrolysis compared to that from Miscanthus, despite that the substrates had similar compositions. 26634840 5 8 theme sugars 937:942 arg1 yield 919:923 the yield 915:923 the yield of reducing sugars 915:942 As the initial substrate loadings were raised during enzymatic hydrolysis of the hydrotropic Miscanthus and oat hull pulps, the concentration of reducing sugars increased by 34 g/dm(3) and the yield of reducing sugars decreased by 31 %. 26634840 6 9 theme pulps 1050:1054 arg1 hydrolysis 1024:1033 enzymatic hydrolysis 1014:1033 enzymatic hydrolysis of hydrotropic pulps from Miscanthus and oat hulls 1014:1084 The findings allow us to predict the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis of hydrotropic pulps from Miscanthus and oat hulls when scaling up the process by volume. 26634840 1 10 theme Enzymatic 75:83 arg1 field 236:240 an important field 223:240 an important field of modern biotechnology 223:264 Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic raw materials to produce nutrient broths for microbiological synthesis of ethanol and other valuable products is an important field of modern biotechnology. 26634840 1 10 theme Enzymatic 75:83 arg1 hydrolysis 85:94 Enzymatic hydrolysis 75:94 Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic raw materials to produce nutrient broths for microbiological synthesis of ethanol and other valuable products 75:218 Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic raw materials to produce nutrient broths for microbiological synthesis of ethanol and other valuable products is an important field of modern biotechnology. 26634840 3 11 theme substrates 457:466 arg1 reactivity 430:439 the reactivity 426:439 the reactivity of the obtained substrates toward enzymatic hydrolysis 426:494 In this study, the hydrotropic treatment increased the reactivity of the obtained substrates toward enzymatic hydrolysis by 7.1 times for Miscanthus and by 7.3 times for oat hulls. 26634840 1 12 theme ethanol 184:190 arg1 synthesis 171:179 microbiological synthesis 155:179 microbiological synthesis of ethanol and other valuable products 155:218 Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic raw materials to produce nutrient broths for microbiological synthesis of ethanol and other valuable products is an important field of modern biotechnology. 26634840 5 13 theme hull 838:841 arg1 pulps 843:847 the hydrotropic Miscanthus and oat hull pulps 803:847 pulps 843:847 As the initial substrate loadings were raised during enzymatic hydrolysis of the hydrotropic Miscanthus and oat hull pulps, the concentration of reducing sugars increased by 34 g/dm(3) and the yield of reducing sugars decreased by 31 %. 26634840 4 14 from hulls 586:590 arg1 pulp 572:575 The hydrotropic pulp 556:575 The hydrotropic pulp from oat hulls 556:590 The hydrotropic pulp from oat hulls was more reactive toward enzymatic hydrolysis compared to that from Miscanthus, despite that the substrates had similar compositions. 26634840 4 14 from hulls 586:590 arg1 reactive 601:608 reactive 601:608 reactive 601:608 The hydrotropic pulp from oat hulls was more reactive toward enzymatic hydrolysis compared to that from Miscanthus, despite that the substrates had similar compositions. 26634840 5 15 theme 34 900:901 arg1 3 908:908 3 908:908 3 908:908 As the initial substrate loadings were raised during enzymatic hydrolysis of the hydrotropic Miscanthus and oat hull pulps, the concentration of reducing sugars increased by 34 g/dm(3) and the yield of reducing sugars decreased by 31 %. 26634840 5 15 theme 34 900:901 arg1 g/dm 903:906 34 g/dm 900:906 34 g/dm(3) 900:909 As the initial substrate loadings were raised during enzymatic hydrolysis of the hydrotropic Miscanthus and oat hull pulps, the concentration of reducing sugars increased by 34 g/dm(3) and the yield of reducing sugars decreased by 31 %. 26634840 5 16 theme pulps 843:847 arg1 hydrolysis 789:798 enzymatic hydrolysis 779:798 enzymatic hydrolysis of the hydrotropic Miscanthus and oat hull pulps 779:847 As the initial substrate loadings were raised during enzymatic hydrolysis of the hydrotropic Miscanthus and oat hull pulps, the concentration of reducing sugars increased by 34 g/dm(3) and the yield of reducing sugars decreased by 31 %. 26634840 1 17 theme other 196:200 arg1 products 211:218 other valuable products 196:218 other valuable products 196:218 Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic raw materials to produce nutrient broths for microbiological synthesis of ethanol and other valuable products is an important field of modern biotechnology. 26634840 0 18 theme Enzymatic 0:8 arg1 Hydrolysis 10:19 Enzymatic Hydrolysis 0:19 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Hydrotropic Pulps at Different Substrate Loadings 0:72 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Hydrotropic Pulps at Different Substrate Loadings. 26634840 4 19 theme oat 582:584 arg1 hulls 586:590 oat hulls 582:590 oat hulls 582:590 The hydrotropic pulp from oat hulls was more reactive toward enzymatic hydrolysis compared to that from Miscanthus, despite that the substrates had similar compositions. 26634840 2 20 theme technique 346:354 arg1 selection 307:315 the selection 303:315 the selection of an effective pretreatment technique for raw materials 303:372 Biotechnological processing implies the selection of an effective pretreatment technique for raw materials. 26634840 1 21 theme valuable 202:209 arg1 products 211:218 other valuable products 196:218 other valuable products 196:218 Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic raw materials to produce nutrient broths for microbiological synthesis of ethanol and other valuable products is an important field of modern biotechnology. 26634840 0 22 theme Hydrotropic 24:34 arg1 Pulps 36:40 Hydrotropic Pulps 24:40 Hydrotropic Pulps 24:40 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Hydrotropic Pulps at Different Substrate Loadings. 26634840 6 23 from oat 1076:1078 arg1 pulps 1050:1054 hydrotropic pulps 1038:1054 hydrotropic pulps from Miscanthus and oat hulls 1038:1084 The findings allow us to predict the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis of hydrotropic pulps from Miscanthus and oat hulls when scaling up the process by volume. 26634840 6 23 from oat 1076:1078 arg1 hydrolysis 1024:1033 enzymatic hydrolysis 1014:1033 enzymatic hydrolysis of hydrotropic pulps from Miscanthus and oat hulls 1014:1084 The findings allow us to predict the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis of hydrotropic pulps from Miscanthus and oat hulls when scaling up the process by volume. 26634840 2 24 theme pretreatment 333:344 arg1 technique 346:354 an effective pretreatment technique 320:354 an effective pretreatment technique 320:354 Biotechnological processing implies the selection of an effective pretreatment technique for raw materials. 26634840 1 25 theme products 211:218 arg1 synthesis 171:179 microbiological synthesis 155:179 microbiological synthesis of ethanol and other valuable products 155:218 Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic raw materials to produce nutrient broths for microbiological synthesis of ethanol and other valuable products is an important field of modern biotechnology. 26634840 1 26 theme cellulosic 99:108 arg1 materials 114:122 cellulosic raw materials 99:122 cellulosic raw materials 99:122 Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic raw materials to produce nutrient broths for microbiological synthesis of ethanol and other valuable products is an important field of modern biotechnology. 26634840 5 27 theme initial 733:739 arg1 loadings 751:758 the initial substrate loadings 729:758 the initial substrate loadings 729:758 As the initial substrate loadings were raised during enzymatic hydrolysis of the hydrotropic Miscanthus and oat hull pulps, the concentration of reducing sugars increased by 34 g/dm(3) and the yield of reducing sugars decreased by 31 %. 26634840 1 28 theme materials 114:122 arg1 field 236:240 an important field 223:240 an important field of modern biotechnology 223:264 Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic raw materials to produce nutrient broths for microbiological synthesis of ethanol and other valuable products is an important field of modern biotechnology. 26634840 1 28 theme materials 114:122 arg1 hydrolysis 85:94 Enzymatic hydrolysis 75:94 Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic raw materials to produce nutrient broths for microbiological synthesis of ethanol and other valuable products 75:218 Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic raw materials to produce nutrient broths for microbiological synthesis of ethanol and other valuable products is an important field of modern biotechnology. 26634840 5 29 theme reducing 871:878 arg1 sugars 880:885 reducing sugars 871:885 reducing sugars 871:885 As the initial substrate loadings were raised during enzymatic hydrolysis of the hydrotropic Miscanthus and oat hull pulps, the concentration of reducing sugars increased by 34 g/dm(3) and the yield of reducing sugars decreased by 31 %. 26634840 5 30 theme Miscanthus 819:828 arg1 hydrolysis 789:798 enzymatic hydrolysis 779:798 enzymatic hydrolysis of the hydrotropic Miscanthus and oat hull pulps 779:847 As the initial substrate loadings were raised during enzymatic hydrolysis of the hydrotropic Miscanthus and oat hull pulps, the concentration of reducing sugars increased by 34 g/dm(3) and the yield of reducing sugars decreased by 31 %. 26634840 5 31 theme substrate 741:749 arg1 loadings 751:758 the initial substrate loadings 729:758 the initial substrate loadings 729:758 As the initial substrate loadings were raised during enzymatic hydrolysis of the hydrotropic Miscanthus and oat hull pulps, the concentration of reducing sugars increased by 34 g/dm(3) and the yield of reducing sugars decreased by 31 %. 26634840 6 32 theme hydrotropic 1038:1048 arg1 pulps 1050:1054 hydrotropic pulps 1038:1054 hydrotropic pulps from Miscanthus and oat hulls 1038:1084 The findings allow us to predict the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis of hydrotropic pulps from Miscanthus and oat hulls when scaling up the process by volume. 26634840 5 33 theme sugars 880:885 arg1 concentration 854:866 the concentration 850:866 the concentration of reducing sugars 850:885 As the initial substrate loadings were raised during enzymatic hydrolysis of the hydrotropic Miscanthus and oat hull pulps, the concentration of reducing sugars increased by 34 g/dm(3) and the yield of reducing sugars decreased by 31 %. 26634840 0 34 theme Pulps 36:40 arg1 Hydrolysis 10:19 Enzymatic Hydrolysis 0:19 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Hydrotropic Pulps at Different Substrate Loadings 0:72 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Hydrotropic Pulps at Different Substrate Loadings. 26634840 3 35 theme obtained 448:455 arg1 substrates 457:466 the obtained substrates 444:466 the obtained substrates 444:466 In this study, the hydrotropic treatment increased the reactivity of the obtained substrates toward enzymatic hydrolysis by 7.1 times for Miscanthus and by 7.3 times for oat hulls. 26634840 3 36 theme hydrotropic 394:404 arg1 treatment 406:414 the hydrotropic treatment 390:414 the hydrotropic treatment 390:414 In this study, the hydrotropic treatment increased the reactivity of the obtained substrates toward enzymatic hydrolysis by 7.1 times for Miscanthus and by 7.3 times for oat hulls. 26634840 1 37 theme important 226:234 arg1 field 236:240 an important field 223:240 an important field of modern biotechnology 223:264 Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic raw materials to produce nutrient broths for microbiological synthesis of ethanol and other valuable products is an important field of modern biotechnology. 26634840 1 37 theme important 226:234 arg1 hydrolysis 85:94 Enzymatic hydrolysis 75:94 Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic raw materials to produce nutrient broths for microbiological synthesis of ethanol and other valuable products 75:218 Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic raw materials to produce nutrient broths for microbiological synthesis of ethanol and other valuable products is an important field of modern biotechnology. 26634840 0 38 theme Substrate 55:63 arg1 Loadings 65:72 Different Substrate Loadings 45:72 Different Substrate Loadings 45:72 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Hydrotropic Pulps at Different Substrate Loadings. 26634840 0 39 from Loadings 65:72 arg1 Hydrolysis 10:19 Enzymatic Hydrolysis 0:19 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Hydrotropic Pulps at Different Substrate Loadings 0:72 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Hydrotropic Pulps at Different Substrate Loadings. 26634840 0 40 theme Different 45:53 arg1 Loadings 65:72 Different Substrate Loadings 45:72 Different Substrate Loadings 45:72 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Hydrotropic Pulps at Different Substrate Loadings. 26634840 3 41 theme enzymatic 475:483 arg1 hydrolysis 485:494 enzymatic hydrolysis 475:494 enzymatic hydrolysis 475:494 In this study, the hydrotropic treatment increased the reactivity of the obtained substrates toward enzymatic hydrolysis by 7.1 times for Miscanthus and by 7.3 times for oat hulls. 26634840 4 42 theme hydrotropic 560:570 arg1 pulp 572:575 The hydrotropic pulp 556:575 The hydrotropic pulp from oat hulls 556:590 The hydrotropic pulp from oat hulls was more reactive toward enzymatic hydrolysis compared to that from Miscanthus, despite that the substrates had similar compositions. 26634840 4 42 theme hydrotropic 560:570 arg1 reactive 601:608 reactive 601:608 reactive 601:608 The hydrotropic pulp from oat hulls was more reactive toward enzymatic hydrolysis compared to that from Miscanthus, despite that the substrates had similar compositions. 26634840 4 43 contain had 700:702 arg1 substrates 689:698 the substrates 685:698 the substrates 685:698 The hydrotropic pulp from oat hulls was more reactive toward enzymatic hydrolysis compared to that from Miscanthus, despite that the substrates had similar compositions. 26634840 4 43 contain had 700:702 arg2 compositions 712:723 similar compositions 704:723 similar compositions 704:723 The hydrotropic pulp from oat hulls was more reactive toward enzymatic hydrolysis compared to that from Miscanthus, despite that the substrates had similar compositions. 26634840 4 44 theme similar 704:710 arg1 compositions 712:723 similar compositions 704:723 similar compositions 704:723 The hydrotropic pulp from oat hulls was more reactive toward enzymatic hydrolysis compared to that from Miscanthus, despite that the substrates had similar compositions. 26634840 1 45 theme nutrient 135:142 arg1 broths 144:149 nutrient broths 135:149 nutrient broths for microbiological synthesis of ethanol and other valuable products 135:218 Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic raw materials to produce nutrient broths for microbiological synthesis of ethanol and other valuable products is an important field of modern biotechnology. 26634840 1 46 theme raw 110:112 arg1 materials 114:122 cellulosic raw materials 99:122 cellulosic raw materials 99:122 Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic raw materials to produce nutrient broths for microbiological synthesis of ethanol and other valuable products is an important field of modern biotechnology. 26634840 6 47 theme hydrolysis 1024:1033 arg1 efficiency 1000:1009 the efficiency 996:1009 the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis of hydrotropic pulps from Miscanthus and oat hulls 996:1084 The findings allow us to predict the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis of hydrotropic pulps from Miscanthus and oat hulls when scaling up the process by volume. 26634840 2 48 theme raw 360:362 arg1 materials 364:372 raw materials 360:372 raw materials 360:372 Biotechnological processing implies the selection of an effective pretreatment technique for raw materials. 26634840 5 49 theme reducing 928:935 arg1 sugars 937:942 reducing sugars 928:942 reducing sugars 928:942 As the initial substrate loadings were raised during enzymatic hydrolysis of the hydrotropic Miscanthus and oat hull pulps, the concentration of reducing sugars increased by 34 g/dm(3) and the yield of reducing sugars decreased by 31 %. 26634840 2 50 theme Biotechnological 267:282 arg1 processing 284:293 Biotechnological processing 267:293 Biotechnological processing 267:293 Biotechnological processing implies the selection of an effective pretreatment technique for raw materials. 26634840 3 51 theme oat 545:547 arg1 hulls 549:553 oat hulls 545:553 oat hulls 545:553 In this study, the hydrotropic treatment increased the reactivity of the obtained substrates toward enzymatic hydrolysis by 7.1 times for Miscanthus and by 7.3 times for oat hulls. 26634840 1 52 theme modern 245:250 arg1 biotechnology 252:264 modern biotechnology 245:264 modern biotechnology 245:264 Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic raw materials to produce nutrient broths for microbiological synthesis of ethanol and other valuable products is an important field of modern biotechnology. 26634840 5 53 theme oat 834:836 arg1 pulps 843:847 the hydrotropic Miscanthus and oat hull pulps 803:847 pulps 843:847 As the initial substrate loadings were raised during enzymatic hydrolysis of the hydrotropic Miscanthus and oat hull pulps, the concentration of reducing sugars increased by 34 g/dm(3) and the yield of reducing sugars decreased by 31 %. 26634840 1 54 theme microbiological 155:169 arg1 synthesis 171:179 microbiological synthesis 155:179 microbiological synthesis of ethanol and other valuable products 155:218 Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic raw materials to produce nutrient broths for microbiological synthesis of ethanol and other valuable products is an important field of modern biotechnology. 26634840 1 55 theme biotechnology 252:264 arg1 field 236:240 an important field 223:240 an important field of modern biotechnology 223:264 Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic raw materials to produce nutrient broths for microbiological synthesis of ethanol and other valuable products is an important field of modern biotechnology. 26634840 1 55 theme biotechnology 252:264 arg1 hydrolysis 85:94 Enzymatic hydrolysis 75:94 Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic raw materials to produce nutrient broths for microbiological synthesis of ethanol and other valuable products 75:218 Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic raw materials to produce nutrient broths for microbiological synthesis of ethanol and other valuable products is an important field of modern biotechnology. 26942772 7 0 dep = 1051:1051 arg1 mmol/L 1067:1072 1688.50 ± 110 mmol/L 1053:1072 1688.50 ± 110 mmol/L 1053:1072 RESULTS Cations Na+ and K+ are more concentrate in the nucleus (Na(+) = 1688.50 ± 110 mmol/L; K(+) = 111.9 ± 28 mmol/L) of intervertebral disks than the annulus (Na(+) = 652.80 ± 75 mmol/L; K(+) = 55.6 ± 8 mmol/L). 26942772 6 1 theme fiber 926:930 arg1 birefringence 932:944 collagen fiber birefringence 917:944 collagen fiber birefringence 917:944 Glycosaminoglycan measurements were performed in the samples according to agarose electrophoresis method; total cells were measured using the PicoGreen® technique, ions were quantified, and collagen fiber birefringence was analyzed with polarized light. 26942772 9 2 theme nucleus 1509:1515 arg1 cells 1526:1530 nucleus pulposus cells 1509:1530 nucleus pulposus cells 1509:1530 CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that annulus fibrosus cells are also sensitive to changes in ionic concentrations such as nucleus pulposus cells. 26942772 7 3 dep annulus 1134:1140 arg1 Na 1143:1144 Na 1143:1144 Na 1143:1144 RESULTS Cations Na+ and K+ are more concentrate in the nucleus (Na(+) = 1688.50 ± 110 mmol/L; K(+) = 111.9 ± 28 mmol/L) of intervertebral disks than the annulus (Na(+) = 652.80 ± 75 mmol/L; K(+) = 55.6 ± 8 mmol/L). 26942772 2 4 theme therapy 362:368 arg1 type 345:348 any type 341:348 any type of proposed therapy 341:368 The cellular and molecular knowledge of intervertebral disks composition and precise methods to quantify disk components are important for any type of proposed therapy. 26942772 4 5 theme intervertebral 578:591 arg1 disks 593:597 14 intervertebral disks 575:597 14 intervertebral disks 575:597 METHODS In total, 14 intervertebral disks were used from cattle. 26942772 4 5 theme intervertebral 578:591 arg1 total 568:572 total 568:572 total 568:572 METHODS In total, 14 intervertebral disks were used from cattle. 26942772 7 6 dep Na 1143:1144 arg1 K 1171:1171 K 1171:1171 K 1171:1171 RESULTS Cations Na+ and K+ are more concentrate in the nucleus (Na(+) = 1688.50 ± 110 mmol/L; K(+) = 111.9 ± 28 mmol/L) of intervertebral disks than the annulus (Na(+) = 652.80 ± 75 mmol/L; K(+) = 55.6 ± 8 mmol/L). 26942772 6 7 theme collagen 917:924 arg1 birefringence 932:944 collagen fiber birefringence 917:944 collagen fiber birefringence 917:944 Glycosaminoglycan measurements were performed in the samples according to agarose electrophoresis method; total cells were measured using the PicoGreen® technique, ions were quantified, and collagen fiber birefringence was analyzed with polarized light. 26942772 6 8 theme total 833:837 arg1 cells 839:843 total cells 833:843 total cells 833:843 Glycosaminoglycan measurements were performed in the samples according to agarose electrophoresis method; total cells were measured using the PicoGreen® technique, ions were quantified, and collagen fiber birefringence was analyzed with polarized light. 26942772 2 9 theme proposed 353:360 arg1 therapy 362:368 proposed therapy 353:368 proposed therapy 353:368 The cellular and molecular knowledge of intervertebral disks composition and precise methods to quantify disk components are important for any type of proposed therapy. 26942772 7 10 dep nucleus 1036:1042 arg1 Na 1045:1046 Na 1045:1046 Na 1045:1046 RESULTS Cations Na+ and K+ are more concentrate in the nucleus (Na(+) = 1688.50 ± 110 mmol/L; K(+) = 111.9 ± 28 mmol/L) of intervertebral disks than the annulus (Na(+) = 652.80 ± 75 mmol/L; K(+) = 55.6 ± 8 mmol/L). 26942772 9 11 theme pulposus 1517:1524 arg1 cells 1526:1530 nucleus pulposus cells 1509:1530 nucleus pulposus cells 1509:1530 CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that annulus fibrosus cells are also sensitive to changes in ionic concentrations such as nucleus pulposus cells. 26942772 9 12 theme fibrosus 1432:1439 arg1 cells 1441:1445 annulus fibrosus cells 1424:1445 annulus fibrosus cells 1424:1445 CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that annulus fibrosus cells are also sensitive to changes in ionic concentrations such as nucleus pulposus cells. 26942772 10 13 theme collagen 1578:1585 arg1 fibers 1587:1592 thin collagen fibers 1573:1592 thin collagen fibers type II 1573:1600 Additionally, hyaluronate is related to thin collagen fibers type II. 26942772 1 14 theme INTRODUCTION 70:81 arg1 disks 98:102 INTRODUCTION Intervertebral disks 70:102 INTRODUCTION Intervertebral disks 70:102 INTRODUCTION Intervertebral disks have been associated with low back pain, and many therapies have been proposed for its treatment. 26942772 7 15 theme = 1149:1149 arg1 Na 1143:1144 Na 1143:1144 Na 1143:1144 RESULTS Cations Na+ and K+ are more concentrate in the nucleus (Na(+) = 1688.50 ± 110 mmol/L; K(+) = 111.9 ± 28 mmol/L) of intervertebral disks than the annulus (Na(+) = 652.80 ± 75 mmol/L; K(+) = 55.6 ± 8 mmol/L). 26942772 3 16 theme fiber 494:498 arg1 distributions 500:512 collagen fiber distributions 485:512 collagen fiber distributions 485:512 Thus, the aim of this study was to correlate glycosaminoglycans presence with the quantitation of cells, ions and collagen fiber distributions in different intervertebral disk sections. 26942772 9 17 dep CONCLUSIONS 1387:1397 arg1 suggest 1411:1417 suggest 1411:1417 suggest that annulus fibrosus cells are also sensitive to changes in ionic concentrations such as nucleus pulposus cells 1411:1530 CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that annulus fibrosus cells are also sensitive to changes in ionic concentrations such as nucleus pulposus cells. 26942772 7 18 theme disks 1119:1123 arg1 nucleus 1036:1042 the nucleus 1032:1042 the nucleus (Na(+) = 1688.50 ± 110 mmol/L; K(+) = 111.9 ± 28 mmol/L) of intervertebral disks 1032:1123 RESULTS Cations Na+ and K+ are more concentrate in the nucleus (Na(+) = 1688.50 ± 110 mmol/L; K(+) = 111.9 ± 28 mmol/L) of intervertebral disks than the annulus (Na(+) = 652.80 ± 75 mmol/L; K(+) = 55.6 ± 8 mmol/L). 26942772 8 19 theme similar 1350:1356 arg1 nucleus 1341:1347 the nucleus 1337:1347 the nucleus 1337:1347 A negative correlation between cells number and sodium/potassium was observed (p < 0.001) Additionally, thin collagen fibers were largest in the nucleus, similar to hyaluronate distribution. 26942772 7 20 dep = 1080:1080 arg1 mmol/L 1093:1098 111.9 ± 28 mmol/L 1082:1098 111.9 ± 28 mmol/L 1082:1098 RESULTS Cations Na+ and K+ are more concentrate in the nucleus (Na(+) = 1688.50 ± 110 mmol/L; K(+) = 111.9 ± 28 mmol/L) of intervertebral disks than the annulus (Na(+) = 652.80 ± 75 mmol/L; K(+) = 55.6 ± 8 mmol/L). 26942772 7 21 theme = 1176:1176 arg1 K 1171:1171 K 1171:1171 K 1171:1171 RESULTS Cations Na+ and K+ are more concentrate in the nucleus (Na(+) = 1688.50 ± 110 mmol/L; K(+) = 111.9 ± 28 mmol/L) of intervertebral disks than the annulus (Na(+) = 652.80 ± 75 mmol/L; K(+) = 55.6 ± 8 mmol/L). 26942772 1 22 theme Intervertebral 83:96 arg1 disks 98:102 INTRODUCTION Intervertebral disks 70:102 INTRODUCTION Intervertebral disks 70:102 INTRODUCTION Intervertebral disks have been associated with low back pain, and many therapies have been proposed for its treatment. 26942772 2 23 dep disks 257:261 arg1 composition 263:273 composition 263:273 composition 263:273 The cellular and molecular knowledge of intervertebral disks composition and precise methods to quantify disk components are important for any type of proposed therapy. 26942772 2 23 dep disks 257:261 arg1 methods 287:293 precise methods 279:293 precise methods 279:293 The cellular and molecular knowledge of intervertebral disks composition and precise methods to quantify disk components are important for any type of proposed therapy. 26942772 3 24 theme study 393:397 arg1 aim 381:383 the aim 377:383 the aim of this study 377:397 Thus, the aim of this study was to correlate glycosaminoglycans presence with the quantitation of cells, ions and collagen fiber distributions in different intervertebral disk sections. 26942772 7 25 theme ± 1088:1088 arg1 mmol/L 1093:1098 111.9 ± 28 mmol/L 1082:1098 111.9 ± 28 mmol/L 1082:1098 RESULTS Cations Na+ and K+ are more concentrate in the nucleus (Na(+) = 1688.50 ± 110 mmol/L; K(+) = 111.9 ± 28 mmol/L) of intervertebral disks than the annulus (Na(+) = 652.80 ± 75 mmol/L; K(+) = 55.6 ± 8 mmol/L). 26942772 6 26 theme agarose 801:807 arg1 electrophoresis 809:823 agarose electrophoresis 801:823 agarose electrophoresis method 801:830 Glycosaminoglycan measurements were performed in the samples according to agarose electrophoresis method; total cells were measured using the PicoGreen® technique, ions were quantified, and collagen fiber birefringence was analyzed with polarized light. 26942772 2 27 theme precise 279:285 arg1 methods 287:293 precise methods 279:293 precise methods 279:293 The cellular and molecular knowledge of intervertebral disks composition and precise methods to quantify disk components are important for any type of proposed therapy. 26942772 7 28 dep Na 1045:1046 arg1 K 1075:1075 K 1075:1075 K 1075:1075 RESULTS Cations Na+ and K+ are more concentrate in the nucleus (Na(+) = 1688.50 ± 110 mmol/L; K(+) = 111.9 ± 28 mmol/L) of intervertebral disks than the annulus (Na(+) = 652.80 ± 75 mmol/L; K(+) = 55.6 ± 8 mmol/L). 26942772 3 29 theme different 517:525 arg1 sections 547:554 different intervertebral disk sections 517:554 different intervertebral disk sections 517:554 Thus, the aim of this study was to correlate glycosaminoglycans presence with the quantitation of cells, ions and collagen fiber distributions in different intervertebral disk sections. 26942772 7 30 theme ± 1061:1061 arg1 mmol/L 1067:1072 1688.50 ± 110 mmol/L 1053:1072 1688.50 ± 110 mmol/L 1053:1072 RESULTS Cations Na+ and K+ are more concentrate in the nucleus (Na(+) = 1688.50 ± 110 mmol/L; K(+) = 111.9 ± 28 mmol/L) of intervertebral disks than the annulus (Na(+) = 652.80 ± 75 mmol/L; K(+) = 55.6 ± 8 mmol/L). 26942772 9 31 from changes 1469:1475 arg1 cells 1526:1530 nucleus pulposus cells 1509:1530 nucleus pulposus cells 1509:1530 CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that annulus fibrosus cells are also sensitive to changes in ionic concentrations such as nucleus pulposus cells. 26942772 9 31 from changes 1469:1475 arg1 concentrations 1486:1499 ionic concentrations 1480:1499 ionic concentrations such as nucleus pulposus cells 1480:1530 CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that annulus fibrosus cells are also sensitive to changes in ionic concentrations such as nucleus pulposus cells. 26942772 5 32 theme sodium-free 700:710 arg1 buffer 719:724 sodium-free papain buffer 700:724 sodium-free papain buffer 700:724 All of the disks were dehydrated, separated in seven sections and digested in sodium-free papain buffer. 26942772 0 33 theme Ionic 0:4 arg1 characterization 22:37 Ionic and biochemical characterization 0:37 Ionic and biochemical characterization of bovine intervertebral disk. 0:68 Ionic and biochemical characterization of bovine intervertebral disk. 26942772 7 34 dep = 1149:1149 arg1 mmol/L 1163:1168 652.80 ± 75 mmol/L 1151:1168 652.80 ± 75 mmol/L 1151:1168 RESULTS Cations Na+ and K+ are more concentrate in the nucleus (Na(+) = 1688.50 ± 110 mmol/L; K(+) = 111.9 ± 28 mmol/L) of intervertebral disks than the annulus (Na(+) = 652.80 ± 75 mmol/L; K(+) = 55.6 ± 8 mmol/L). 26942772 8 35 theme negative 1198:1205 arg1 correlation 1207:1217 A negative correlation 1196:1217 A negative correlation between cells number and sodium/potassium 1196:1259 A negative correlation between cells number and sodium/potassium was observed (p < 0.001) Additionally, thin collagen fibers were largest in the nucleus, similar to hyaluronate distribution. 26942772 3 36 theme glycosaminoglycans 416:433 arg1 presence 435:442 glycosaminoglycans presence 416:442 glycosaminoglycans presence 416:442 Thus, the aim of this study was to correlate glycosaminoglycans presence with the quantitation of cells, ions and collagen fiber distributions in different intervertebral disk sections. 26942772 7 37 theme = 1051:1051 arg1 Na 1045:1046 Na 1045:1046 Na 1045:1046 RESULTS Cations Na+ and K+ are more concentrate in the nucleus (Na(+) = 1688.50 ± 110 mmol/L; K(+) = 111.9 ± 28 mmol/L) of intervertebral disks than the annulus (Na(+) = 652.80 ± 75 mmol/L; K(+) = 55.6 ± 8 mmol/L). 26942772 9 38 theme annulus 1424:1430 arg1 cells 1441:1445 annulus fibrosus cells 1424:1445 annulus fibrosus cells 1424:1445 CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that annulus fibrosus cells are also sensitive to changes in ionic concentrations such as nucleus pulposus cells. 26942772 6 39 dep electrophoresis 809:823 arg1 method 825:830 method 825:830 agarose electrophoresis method 801:830 Glycosaminoglycan measurements were performed in the samples according to agarose electrophoresis method; total cells were measured using the PicoGreen® technique, ions were quantified, and collagen fiber birefringence was analyzed with polarized light. 26942772 0 40 theme biochemical 10:20 arg1 characterization 22:37 Ionic and biochemical characterization 0:37 Ionic and biochemical characterization of bovine intervertebral disk. 0:68 Ionic and biochemical characterization of bovine intervertebral disk. 26942772 3 41 theme intervertebral 527:540 arg1 sections 547:554 different intervertebral disk sections 517:554 different intervertebral disk sections 517:554 Thus, the aim of this study was to correlate glycosaminoglycans presence with the quantitation of cells, ions and collagen fiber distributions in different intervertebral disk sections. 26942772 2 42 theme disk 307:310 arg1 components 312:321 disk components 307:321 disk components 307:321 The cellular and molecular knowledge of intervertebral disks composition and precise methods to quantify disk components are important for any type of proposed therapy. 26942772 10 43 theme thin 1573:1576 arg1 fibers 1587:1592 thin collagen fibers 1573:1592 thin collagen fibers type II 1573:1600 Additionally, hyaluronate is related to thin collagen fibers type II. 26942772 3 44 theme cells 469:473 arg1 quantitation 453:464 the quantitation 449:464 the quantitation of cells, ions and collagen fiber distributions in different intervertebral disk sections 449:554 Thus, the aim of this study was to correlate glycosaminoglycans presence with the quantitation of cells, ions and collagen fiber distributions in different intervertebral disk sections. 26942772 0 45 theme bovine 42:47 arg1 disk 64:67 bovine intervertebral disk 42:67 bovine intervertebral disk 42:67 Ionic and biochemical characterization of bovine intervertebral disk. 26942772 4 46 used used 604:607 arg2 METHODS 557:563 METHODS 557:563 METHODS In total, 14 intervertebral disks 557:597 METHODS In total, 14 intervertebral disks were used from cattle. 26942772 7 47 theme intervertebral 1104:1117 arg1 disks 1119:1123 intervertebral disks 1104:1123 intervertebral disks 1104:1123 RESULTS Cations Na+ and K+ are more concentrate in the nucleus (Na(+) = 1688.50 ± 110 mmol/L; K(+) = 111.9 ± 28 mmol/L) of intervertebral disks than the annulus (Na(+) = 652.80 ± 75 mmol/L; K(+) = 55.6 ± 8 mmol/L). 26942772 7 48 theme ± 1183:1183 arg1 mmol/L 1187:1192 55.6 ± 8 mmol/L 1178:1192 55.6 ± 8 mmol/L 1178:1192 RESULTS Cations Na+ and K+ are more concentrate in the nucleus (Na(+) = 1688.50 ± 110 mmol/L; K(+) = 111.9 ± 28 mmol/L) of intervertebral disks than the annulus (Na(+) = 652.80 ± 75 mmol/L; K(+) = 55.6 ± 8 mmol/L). 26942772 7 49 from concentrate 1017:1027 arg1 nucleus 1036:1042 the nucleus 1032:1042 the nucleus (Na(+) = 1688.50 ± 110 mmol/L; K(+) = 111.9 ± 28 mmol/L) of intervertebral disks 1032:1123 RESULTS Cations Na+ and K+ are more concentrate in the nucleus (Na(+) = 1688.50 ± 110 mmol/L; K(+) = 111.9 ± 28 mmol/L) of intervertebral disks than the annulus (Na(+) = 652.80 ± 75 mmol/L; K(+) = 55.6 ± 8 mmol/L). 26942772 6 50 theme polarized 964:972 arg1 light 974:978 polarized light 964:978 polarized light 964:978 Glycosaminoglycan measurements were performed in the samples according to agarose electrophoresis method; total cells were measured using the PicoGreen® technique, ions were quantified, and collagen fiber birefringence was analyzed with polarized light. 26942772 5 51 theme papain 712:717 arg1 buffer 719:724 sodium-free papain buffer 700:724 sodium-free papain buffer 700:724 All of the disks were dehydrated, separated in seven sections and digested in sodium-free papain buffer. 26942772 6 52 theme PicoGreen® 869:878 arg1 technique 880:888 the PicoGreen® technique 865:888 the PicoGreen® technique 865:888 Glycosaminoglycan measurements were performed in the samples according to agarose electrophoresis method; total cells were measured using the PicoGreen® technique, ions were quantified, and collagen fiber birefringence was analyzed with polarized light. 26942772 2 53 dep knowledge 229:237 arg1 quantify 298:305 quantify 298:305 to quantify disk components 295:321 The cellular and molecular knowledge of intervertebral disks composition and precise methods to quantify disk components are important for any type of proposed therapy. 26942772 0 54 theme disk 64:67 arg1 characterization 22:37 Ionic and biochemical characterization 0:37 Ionic and biochemical characterization of bovine intervertebral disk. 0:68 Ionic and biochemical characterization of bovine intervertebral disk. 26942772 8 55 theme hyaluronate 1361:1371 arg1 distribution 1373:1384 hyaluronate distribution 1361:1384 hyaluronate distribution 1361:1384 A negative correlation between cells number and sodium/potassium was observed (p < 0.001) Additionally, thin collagen fibers were largest in the nucleus, similar to hyaluronate distribution. 26942772 8 56 dep cells 1227:1231 arg1 cells 1227:1231 cells number and sodium/potassium 1227:1259 cells number and sodium/potassium 1227:1259 A negative correlation between cells number and sodium/potassium was observed (p < 0.001) Additionally, thin collagen fibers were largest in the nucleus, similar to hyaluronate distribution. 26942772 8 56 dep cells 1227:1231 arg1 sodium/potassium 1244:1259 sodium/potassium 1244:1259 sodium/potassium 1244:1259 A negative correlation between cells number and sodium/potassium was observed (p < 0.001) Additionally, thin collagen fibers were largest in the nucleus, similar to hyaluronate distribution. 26942772 8 56 dep cells 1227:1231 arg1 number 1233:1238 number 1233:1238 number 1233:1238 A negative correlation between cells number and sodium/potassium was observed (p < 0.001) Additionally, thin collagen fibers were largest in the nucleus, similar to hyaluronate distribution. 26942772 2 57 theme molecular 219:227 arg1 knowledge 229:237 The cellular and molecular knowledge 202:237 The cellular and molecular knowledge of intervertebral disks composition and precise methods to quantify disk components 202:321 The cellular and molecular knowledge of intervertebral disks composition and precise methods to quantify disk components are important for any type of proposed therapy. 26942772 2 57 theme molecular 219:227 arg1 important 327:335 important 327:335 important 327:335 The cellular and molecular knowledge of intervertebral disks composition and precise methods to quantify disk components are important for any type of proposed therapy. 26942772 3 58 from quantitation 453:464 arg1 sections 547:554 different intervertebral disk sections 517:554 different intervertebral disk sections 517:554 Thus, the aim of this study was to correlate glycosaminoglycans presence with the quantitation of cells, ions and collagen fiber distributions in different intervertebral disk sections. 26942772 1 59 theme low 130:132 arg1 pain 139:142 low back pain 130:142 low back pain 130:142 INTRODUCTION Intervertebral disks have been associated with low back pain, and many therapies have been proposed for its treatment. 26942772 0 60 theme intervertebral 49:62 arg1 disk 64:67 bovine intervertebral disk 42:67 bovine intervertebral disk 42:67 Ionic and biochemical characterization of bovine intervertebral disk. 26942772 2 61 theme cellular 206:213 arg1 knowledge 229:237 The cellular and molecular knowledge 202:237 The cellular and molecular knowledge of intervertebral disks composition and precise methods to quantify disk components 202:321 The cellular and molecular knowledge of intervertebral disks composition and precise methods to quantify disk components are important for any type of proposed therapy. 26942772 2 61 theme cellular 206:213 arg1 important 327:335 important 327:335 important 327:335 The cellular and molecular knowledge of intervertebral disks composition and precise methods to quantify disk components are important for any type of proposed therapy. 26942772 3 62 theme distributions 500:512 arg1 quantitation 453:464 the quantitation 449:464 the quantitation of cells, ions and collagen fiber distributions in different intervertebral disk sections 449:554 Thus, the aim of this study was to correlate glycosaminoglycans presence with the quantitation of cells, ions and collagen fiber distributions in different intervertebral disk sections. 26942772 3 63 theme collagen 485:492 arg1 distributions 500:512 collagen fiber distributions 485:512 collagen fiber distributions 485:512 Thus, the aim of this study was to correlate glycosaminoglycans presence with the quantitation of cells, ions and collagen fiber distributions in different intervertebral disk sections. 26942772 7 64 theme ± 1158:1158 arg1 mmol/L 1163:1168 652.80 ± 75 mmol/L 1151:1168 652.80 ± 75 mmol/L 1151:1168 RESULTS Cations Na+ and K+ are more concentrate in the nucleus (Na(+) = 1688.50 ± 110 mmol/L; K(+) = 111.9 ± 28 mmol/L) of intervertebral disks than the annulus (Na(+) = 652.80 ± 75 mmol/L; K(+) = 55.6 ± 8 mmol/L). 26942772 8 65 theme collagen 1305:1312 arg1 fibers 1314:1319 thin collagen fibers 1300:1319 thin collagen fibers 1300:1319 A negative correlation between cells number and sodium/potassium was observed (p < 0.001) Additionally, thin collagen fibers were largest in the nucleus, similar to hyaluronate distribution. 26942772 8 66 theme p 1275:1275 arg1 < 1277:1277 p < 0.001 1275:1283 p < 0.001 1275:1283 A negative correlation between cells number and sodium/potassium was observed (p < 0.001) Additionally, thin collagen fibers were largest in the nucleus, similar to hyaluronate distribution. 26942772 9 67 theme ionic 1480:1484 arg1 cells 1526:1530 nucleus pulposus cells 1509:1530 nucleus pulposus cells 1509:1530 CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that annulus fibrosus cells are also sensitive to changes in ionic concentrations such as nucleus pulposus cells. 26942772 9 67 theme ionic 1480:1484 arg1 concentrations 1486:1499 ionic concentrations 1480:1499 ionic concentrations such as nucleus pulposus cells 1480:1530 CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that annulus fibrosus cells are also sensitive to changes in ionic concentrations such as nucleus pulposus cells. 26942772 10 68 theme fibers 1587:1592 arg1 type 1594:1597 thin collagen fibers type II 1573:1600 thin collagen fibers type II 1573:1600 Additionally, hyaluronate is related to thin collagen fibers type II. 26942772 7 69 from nucleus 1036:1042 arg1 concentrate 1017:1027 concentrate 1017:1027 concentrate 1017:1027 RESULTS Cations Na+ and K+ are more concentrate in the nucleus (Na(+) = 1688.50 ± 110 mmol/L; K(+) = 111.9 ± 28 mmol/L) of intervertebral disks than the annulus (Na(+) = 652.80 ± 75 mmol/L; K(+) = 55.6 ± 8 mmol/L). 26942772 3 70 theme disk 542:545 arg1 sections 547:554 different intervertebral disk sections 517:554 different intervertebral disk sections 517:554 Thus, the aim of this study was to correlate glycosaminoglycans presence with the quantitation of cells, ions and collagen fiber distributions in different intervertebral disk sections. 26942772 4 71 from METHODS 557:563 arg1 disks 593:597 14 intervertebral disks 575:597 14 intervertebral disks 575:597 METHODS In total, 14 intervertebral disks were used from cattle. 26942772 4 71 from METHODS 557:563 arg1 total 568:572 total 568:572 total 568:572 METHODS In total, 14 intervertebral disks were used from cattle. 26942772 3 72 theme ions 476:479 arg1 quantitation 453:464 the quantitation 449:464 the quantitation of cells, ions and collagen fiber distributions in different intervertebral disk sections 449:554 Thus, the aim of this study was to correlate glycosaminoglycans presence with the quantitation of cells, ions and collagen fiber distributions in different intervertebral disk sections. 26942772 7 73 dep RESULTS 981:987 arg1 K+ 1005:1006 K+ 1005:1006 K+ 1005:1006 RESULTS Cations Na+ and K+ are more concentrate in the nucleus (Na(+) = 1688.50 ± 110 mmol/L; K(+) = 111.9 ± 28 mmol/L) of intervertebral disks than the annulus (Na(+) = 652.80 ± 75 mmol/L; K(+) = 55.6 ± 8 mmol/L). 26942772 7 73 dep RESULTS 981:987 arg1 Na+ 997:999 Na+ 997:999 Na+ 997:999 RESULTS Cations Na+ and K+ are more concentrate in the nucleus (Na(+) = 1688.50 ± 110 mmol/L; K(+) = 111.9 ± 28 mmol/L) of intervertebral disks than the annulus (Na(+) = 652.80 ± 75 mmol/L; K(+) = 55.6 ± 8 mmol/L). 26942772 7 73 dep RESULTS 981:987 arg1 Cations 989:995 Cations Na+ and K+ 989:1006 RESULTS Cations Na+ and K+ 981:1006 RESULTS Cations Na+ and K+ are more concentrate in the nucleus (Na(+) = 1688.50 ± 110 mmol/L; K(+) = 111.9 ± 28 mmol/L) of intervertebral disks than the annulus (Na(+) = 652.80 ± 75 mmol/L; K(+) = 55.6 ± 8 mmol/L). 26942772 8 74 theme thin 1300:1303 arg1 fibers 1314:1319 thin collagen fibers 1300:1319 thin collagen fibers 1300:1319 A negative correlation between cells number and sodium/potassium was observed (p < 0.001) Additionally, thin collagen fibers were largest in the nucleus, similar to hyaluronate distribution. 26942772 2 75 theme disks 257:261 arg1 knowledge 229:237 The cellular and molecular knowledge 202:237 The cellular and molecular knowledge of intervertebral disks composition and precise methods to quantify disk components 202:321 The cellular and molecular knowledge of intervertebral disks composition and precise methods to quantify disk components are important for any type of proposed therapy. 26942772 2 75 theme disks 257:261 arg1 important 327:335 important 327:335 important 327:335 The cellular and molecular knowledge of intervertebral disks composition and precise methods to quantify disk components are important for any type of proposed therapy. 26942772 6 76 theme Glycosaminoglycan 727:743 arg1 measurements 745:756 Glycosaminoglycan measurements 727:756 Glycosaminoglycan measurements 727:756 Glycosaminoglycan measurements were performed in the samples according to agarose electrophoresis method; total cells were measured using the PicoGreen® technique, ions were quantified, and collagen fiber birefringence was analyzed with polarized light. 26942772 8 77 dep observed 1265:1272 arg1 < 1277:1277 p < 0.001 1275:1283 p < 0.001 1275:1283 A negative correlation between cells number and sodium/potassium was observed (p < 0.001) Additionally, thin collagen fibers were largest in the nucleus, similar to hyaluronate distribution. 26942772 7 78 dep Cations 989:995 arg1 K+ 1005:1006 K+ 1005:1006 K+ 1005:1006 RESULTS Cations Na+ and K+ are more concentrate in the nucleus (Na(+) = 1688.50 ± 110 mmol/L; K(+) = 111.9 ± 28 mmol/L) of intervertebral disks than the annulus (Na(+) = 652.80 ± 75 mmol/L; K(+) = 55.6 ± 8 mmol/L). 26942772 7 78 dep Cations 989:995 arg1 Na+ 997:999 Na+ 997:999 Na+ 997:999 RESULTS Cations Na+ and K+ are more concentrate in the nucleus (Na(+) = 1688.50 ± 110 mmol/L; K(+) = 111.9 ± 28 mmol/L) of intervertebral disks than the annulus (Na(+) = 652.80 ± 75 mmol/L; K(+) = 55.6 ± 8 mmol/L). 26942772 7 78 dep Cations 989:995 arg1 Cations 989:995 Cations Na+ and K+ 989:1006 RESULTS Cations Na+ and K+ 981:1006 RESULTS Cations Na+ and K+ are more concentrate in the nucleus (Na(+) = 1688.50 ± 110 mmol/L; K(+) = 111.9 ± 28 mmol/L) of intervertebral disks than the annulus (Na(+) = 652.80 ± 75 mmol/L; K(+) = 55.6 ± 8 mmol/L). 26942772 7 79 theme = 1080:1080 arg1 K 1075:1075 K 1075:1075 K 1075:1075 RESULTS Cations Na+ and K+ are more concentrate in the nucleus (Na(+) = 1688.50 ± 110 mmol/L; K(+) = 111.9 ± 28 mmol/L) of intervertebral disks than the annulus (Na(+) = 652.80 ± 75 mmol/L; K(+) = 55.6 ± 8 mmol/L). 26942772 7 80 dep = 1176:1176 arg1 mmol/L 1187:1192 55.6 ± 8 mmol/L 1178:1192 55.6 ± 8 mmol/L 1178:1192 RESULTS Cations Na+ and K+ are more concentrate in the nucleus (Na(+) = 1688.50 ± 110 mmol/L; K(+) = 111.9 ± 28 mmol/L) of intervertebral disks than the annulus (Na(+) = 652.80 ± 75 mmol/L; K(+) = 55.6 ± 8 mmol/L). 26942772 2 81 theme intervertebral 242:255 arg1 disks 257:261 intervertebral disks composition and precise methods 242:293 intervertebral disks composition and precise methods 242:293 The cellular and molecular knowledge of intervertebral disks composition and precise methods to quantify disk components are important for any type of proposed therapy. 26942772 1 82 theme many 149:152 arg1 therapies 154:162 many therapies 149:162 many therapies 149:162 INTRODUCTION Intervertebral disks have been associated with low back pain, and many therapies have been proposed for its treatment. 27305426 8 0 theme umbilical 1135:1143 arg1 HUVECs 1169:1174 HUVECs 1169:1174 HUVECs 1169:1174 Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and rabbit-adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) were used for cyto-compatibility studies. 27305426 8 0 theme umbilical 1135:1143 arg1 cells 1162:1166 Human umbilical vein endothelial cells 1129:1166 Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) 1129:1175 Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and rabbit-adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) were used for cyto-compatibility studies. 27305426 13 1 theme osteocalcin 1775:1785 arg1 expression 1736:1745 higher expression 1729:1745 higher expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin 1729:1785 Hydrogels containing MBG showed early initiation of differentiation and higher expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin confirming the osteoinductive property of MBG. 27305426 13 1 theme osteocalcin 1775:1785 arg1 initiation 1695:1704 early initiation 1689:1704 early initiation of differentiation 1689:1723 Hydrogels containing MBG showed early initiation of differentiation and higher expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin confirming the osteoinductive property of MBG. 27305426 5 2 theme electron 818:825 arg1 SEM 839:841 SEM 839:841 SEM 839:841 Composite hydrogels were analysed using Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and rheology. 27305426 5 2 theme electron 818:825 arg1 microscopy 827:836 scanning electron microscopy 809:836 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 809:842 Composite hydrogels were analysed using Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and rheology. 27305426 7 3 theme protein 1109:1115 arg1 adsorption 1117:1126 protein adsorption 1109:1126 protein adsorption 1109:1126 Composites containing 5% MBG and 2% FNPs showed good rheological properties, injectability, temperature stability, biomineralization and protein adsorption. 27305426 7 3 theme protein 1109:1115 arg1 properties 1037:1046 good rheological properties 1020:1046 good rheological properties 1020:1046 Composites containing 5% MBG and 2% FNPs showed good rheological properties, injectability, temperature stability, biomineralization and protein adsorption. 27305426 3 4 theme butylene 504:511 arg1 poly 498:501 poly 498:501 poly (butylene succinate) (PBSu) loaded with 250 ± 20 nm sized fibrin nanoparticles (FNPs) and magnesium-doped bioglass (MBG) 498:622 To enhance vasculature, we developed an injectable hydrogel system made of chitin and poly (butylene succinate) (PBSu) loaded with 250 ± 20 nm sized fibrin nanoparticles (FNPs) and magnesium-doped bioglass (MBG). 27305426 3 4 theme butylene 504:511 arg1 succinate 513:521 butylene succinate 504:521 butylene succinate 504:521 To enhance vasculature, we developed an injectable hydrogel system made of chitin and poly (butylene succinate) (PBSu) loaded with 250 ± 20 nm sized fibrin nanoparticles (FNPs) and magnesium-doped bioglass (MBG). 27305426 8 5 theme endothelial 1150:1160 arg1 HUVECs 1169:1174 HUVECs 1169:1174 HUVECs 1169:1174 Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and rabbit-adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) were used for cyto-compatibility studies. 27305426 8 5 theme endothelial 1150:1160 arg1 cells 1162:1166 Human umbilical vein endothelial cells 1129:1166 Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) 1129:1175 Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and rabbit-adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) were used for cyto-compatibility studies. 27305426 10 6 theme hydrogels 1500:1508 arg1 potential 1483:1491 the angiogenic potential 1468:1491 the angiogenic potential of the hydrogels 1468:1508 Aortic ring assay was carried out to study the angiogenic potential of the hydrogels. 27305426 5 7 dep Fourier 767:773 arg1 transform 775:783 transform 775:783 transform infra-red spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and rheology 775:894 Composite hydrogels were analysed using Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and rheology. 27305426 13 8 theme alkaline 1750:1757 arg1 phosphatase 1759:1769 alkaline phosphatase 1750:1769 alkaline phosphatase 1750:1769 Hydrogels containing MBG showed early initiation of differentiation and higher expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin confirming the osteoinductive property of MBG. 27305426 3 9 theme 20 nm 549:553 arg1 nanoparticles 568:580 250 ± 20 nm sized fibrin nanoparticles 543:580 250 ± 20 nm sized fibrin nanoparticles (FNPs) 543:587 To enhance vasculature, we developed an injectable hydrogel system made of chitin and poly (butylene succinate) (PBSu) loaded with 250 ± 20 nm sized fibrin nanoparticles (FNPs) and magnesium-doped bioglass (MBG). 27305426 3 9 theme 20 nm 549:553 arg1 FNPs 583:586 FNPs 583:586 FNPs 583:586 To enhance vasculature, we developed an injectable hydrogel system made of chitin and poly (butylene succinate) (PBSu) loaded with 250 ± 20 nm sized fibrin nanoparticles (FNPs) and magnesium-doped bioglass (MBG). 27305426 1 10 theme irregular 212:220 arg1 defects 244:250 irregular non load-bearing bone defects 212:250 irregular non load-bearing bone defects 212:250 Injectable hydrogels with their 3D structure and good moldability serve as excellent scaffolding material for regenerating irregular non load-bearing bone defects. 27305426 1 11 with hydrogels 100:108 arg1 structure 124:132 their 3D structure 115:132 their 3D structure 115:132 Injectable hydrogels with their 3D structure and good moldability serve as excellent scaffolding material for regenerating irregular non load-bearing bone defects. 27305426 1 11 with hydrogels 100:108 arg1 moldability 143:153 good moldability 138:153 good moldability 138:153 Injectable hydrogels with their 3D structure and good moldability serve as excellent scaffolding material for regenerating irregular non load-bearing bone defects. 27305426 9 12 theme in 1407:1408 arg1 studies 1416:1422 further in vitro studies 1399:1422 further in vitro studies 1399:1422 Composite gels with 2% FNPs and 2% MBG (composite 1) were considered to be non-toxic to both the cells and were taken for further in vitro studies. 27305426 8 13 theme mesenchymal 1204:1214 arg1 rASCs 1228:1232 rASCs 1228:1232 rASCs 1228:1232 Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and rabbit-adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) were used for cyto-compatibility studies. 27305426 8 13 theme mesenchymal 1204:1214 arg1 cells 1221:1225 rabbit-adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells 1181:1225 rabbit-adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) 1181:1233 Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and rabbit-adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) were used for cyto-compatibility studies. 27305426 6 14 theme rougher 934:940 arg1 morphology 942:951 a slightly rougher morphology 923:951 a slightly rougher morphology 923:951 Hydrogels with MBG showed a slightly rougher morphology upon SEM analysis. 27305426 7 15 theme rheological 1025:1035 arg1 biomineralization 1087:1103 biomineralization 1087:1103 biomineralization 1087:1103 Composites containing 5% MBG and 2% FNPs showed good rheological properties, injectability, temperature stability, biomineralization and protein adsorption. 27305426 7 15 theme rheological 1025:1035 arg1 adsorption 1117:1126 protein adsorption 1109:1126 protein adsorption 1109:1126 Composites containing 5% MBG and 2% FNPs showed good rheological properties, injectability, temperature stability, biomineralization and protein adsorption. 27305426 7 15 theme rheological 1025:1035 arg1 stability 1076:1084 temperature stability 1064:1084 temperature stability 1064:1084 Composites containing 5% MBG and 2% FNPs showed good rheological properties, injectability, temperature stability, biomineralization and protein adsorption. 27305426 7 15 theme rheological 1025:1035 arg1 properties 1037:1046 good rheological properties 1020:1046 good rheological properties 1020:1046 Composites containing 5% MBG and 2% FNPs showed good rheological properties, injectability, temperature stability, biomineralization and protein adsorption. 27305426 7 15 theme rheological 1025:1035 arg1 injectability 1049:1061 injectability 1049:1061 injectability 1049:1061 Composites containing 5% MBG and 2% FNPs showed good rheological properties, injectability, temperature stability, biomineralization and protein adsorption. 27305426 13 16 theme early 1689:1693 arg1 initiation 1695:1704 early initiation 1689:1704 early initiation of differentiation 1689:1723 Hydrogels containing MBG showed early initiation of differentiation and higher expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin confirming the osteoinductive property of MBG. 27305426 3 17 theme fibrin 561:566 arg1 nanoparticles 568:580 250 ± 20 nm sized fibrin nanoparticles 543:580 250 ± 20 nm sized fibrin nanoparticles (FNPs) 543:587 To enhance vasculature, we developed an injectable hydrogel system made of chitin and poly (butylene succinate) (PBSu) loaded with 250 ± 20 nm sized fibrin nanoparticles (FNPs) and magnesium-doped bioglass (MBG). 27305426 3 17 theme fibrin 561:566 arg1 FNPs 583:586 FNPs 583:586 FNPs 583:586 To enhance vasculature, we developed an injectable hydrogel system made of chitin and poly (butylene succinate) (PBSu) loaded with 250 ± 20 nm sized fibrin nanoparticles (FNPs) and magnesium-doped bioglass (MBG). 27305426 7 18 theme 5 994:994 arg1 % 995:995 % 995:995 % 995:995 Composites containing 5% MBG and 2% FNPs showed good rheological properties, injectability, temperature stability, biomineralization and protein adsorption. 27305426 7 19 theme % 1006:1006 arg1 FNPs 1008:1011 2% FNPs 1005:1011 2% FNPs 1005:1011 Composites containing 5% MBG and 2% FNPs showed good rheological properties, injectability, temperature stability, biomineralization and protein adsorption. 27305426 3 20 theme magnesium-doped 593:607 arg1 MBG 619:621 MBG 619:621 MBG 619:621 To enhance vasculature, we developed an injectable hydrogel system made of chitin and poly (butylene succinate) (PBSu) loaded with 250 ± 20 nm sized fibrin nanoparticles (FNPs) and magnesium-doped bioglass (MBG). 27305426 3 20 theme magnesium-doped 593:607 arg1 bioglass 609:616 magnesium-doped bioglass 593:616 magnesium-doped bioglass (MBG) 593:622 To enhance vasculature, we developed an injectable hydrogel system made of chitin and poly (butylene succinate) (PBSu) loaded with 250 ± 20 nm sized fibrin nanoparticles (FNPs) and magnesium-doped bioglass (MBG). 27305426 12 21 from spreading 1619:1627 arg1 hydrogels 1646:1654 the composite hydrogels 1632:1654 the composite hydrogels 1632:1654 rASCs too showed good spreading on the composite hydrogels. 27305426 5 22 theme Composite 727:735 arg1 hydrogels 737:745 Composite hydrogels 727:745 Composite hydrogels 727:745 Composite hydrogels were analysed using Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and rheology. 27305426 2 23 theme bone 265:268 arg1 defects 270:276 the bone defects 261:276 the bone defects 261:276 Most of the bone defects do not heal completely due to the lack of vasculature required for the transport of nutrients and oxygen to the regenerating tissues. 27305426 8 24 theme vein 1145:1148 arg1 HUVECs 1169:1174 HUVECs 1169:1174 HUVECs 1169:1174 Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and rabbit-adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) were used for cyto-compatibility studies. 27305426 8 24 theme vein 1145:1148 arg1 cells 1162:1166 Human umbilical vein endothelial cells 1129:1166 Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) 1129:1175 Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and rabbit-adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) were used for cyto-compatibility studies. 27305426 1 25 theme scaffolding 174:184 arg1 material 186:193 excellent scaffolding material 164:193 excellent scaffolding material for regenerating irregular non load-bearing bone defects 164:250 Injectable hydrogels with their 3D structure and good moldability serve as excellent scaffolding material for regenerating irregular non load-bearing bone defects. 27305426 4 26 theme early 707:711 arg1 osteogenesis 713:724 early osteogenesis 707:724 early osteogenesis 707:724 FNPs were expected to enhance vascularisation and MBG was expected to help induce early osteogenesis. 27305426 9 27 theme 2 1297:1297 arg1 % 1298:1298 % 1298:1298 % 1298:1298 Composite gels with 2% FNPs and 2% MBG (composite 1) were considered to be non-toxic to both the cells and were taken for further in vitro studies. 27305426 1 28 theme Injectable 89:98 arg1 hydrogels 100:108 Injectable hydrogels 89:108 Injectable hydrogels with their 3D structure and good moldability 89:153 Injectable hydrogels with their 3D structure and good moldability serve as excellent scaffolding material for regenerating irregular non load-bearing bone defects. 27305426 9 29 theme 2 1309:1309 arg1 % 1310:1310 % 1310:1310 % 1310:1310 Composite gels with 2% FNPs and 2% MBG (composite 1) were considered to be non-toxic to both the cells and were taken for further in vitro studies. 27305426 13 30 theme osteoinductive 1802:1815 arg1 property 1817:1824 the osteoinductive property 1798:1824 the osteoinductive property of MBG 1798:1831 Hydrogels containing MBG showed early initiation of differentiation and higher expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin confirming the osteoinductive property of MBG. 27305426 5 31 theme scanning 809:816 arg1 SEM 839:841 SEM 839:841 SEM 839:841 Composite hydrogels were analysed using Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and rheology. 27305426 5 31 theme scanning 809:816 arg1 microscopy 827:836 scanning electron microscopy 809:836 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 809:842 Composite hydrogels were analysed using Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and rheology. 27305426 1 32 theme 3D 121:122 arg1 structure 124:132 their 3D structure 115:132 their 3D structure 115:132 Injectable hydrogels with their 3D structure and good moldability serve as excellent scaffolding material for regenerating irregular non load-bearing bone defects. 27305426 10 33 theme Aortic 1425:1430 arg1 assay 1437:1441 Aortic ring assay 1425:1441 Aortic ring assay 1425:1441 Aortic ring assay was carried out to study the angiogenic potential of the hydrogels. 27305426 14 34 used used 1893:1896 arg2 hydrogel 1877:1884 this composite hydrogel 1862:1884 this composite hydrogel 1862:1884 These studies indicate that this composite hydrogel can be used for regenerating irregular bone defects. 27305426 3 35 theme injectable 452:461 arg1 system 472:477 an injectable hydrogel system 449:477 an injectable hydrogel system made of chitin and poly (butylene succinate) (PBSu) loaded with 250 ± 20 nm sized fibrin nanoparticles (FNPs) and magnesium-doped bioglass (MBG) 449:622 To enhance vasculature, we developed an injectable hydrogel system made of chitin and poly (butylene succinate) (PBSu) loaded with 250 ± 20 nm sized fibrin nanoparticles (FNPs) and magnesium-doped bioglass (MBG). 27305426 14 36 theme composite 1867:1875 arg1 hydrogel 1877:1884 this composite hydrogel 1862:1884 this composite hydrogel 1862:1884 These studies indicate that this composite hydrogel can be used for regenerating irregular bone defects. 27305426 0 37 theme bone 75:78 arg1 defects 80:86 irregular bone defects 65:86 irregular bone defects 65:86 Injectable osteogenic and angiogenic nanocomposite hydrogels for irregular bone defects. 27305426 14 38 theme irregular 1915:1923 arg1 defects 1930:1936 irregular bone defects 1915:1936 irregular bone defects 1915:1936 These studies indicate that this composite hydrogel can be used for regenerating irregular bone defects. 27305426 6 39 with Hydrogels 897:905 arg1 MBG 912:914 MBG 912:914 MBG 912:914 Hydrogels with MBG showed a slightly rougher morphology upon SEM analysis. 27305426 13 40 theme phosphatase 1759:1769 arg1 expression 1736:1745 higher expression 1729:1745 higher expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin 1729:1785 Hydrogels containing MBG showed early initiation of differentiation and higher expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin confirming the osteoinductive property of MBG. 27305426 13 40 theme phosphatase 1759:1769 arg1 initiation 1695:1704 early initiation 1689:1704 early initiation of differentiation 1689:1723 Hydrogels containing MBG showed early initiation of differentiation and higher expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin confirming the osteoinductive property of MBG. 27305426 11 41 theme enhanced 1560:1567 arg1 sprouting 1569:1577 enhanced sprouting 1560:1577 enhanced sprouting of blood vessels 1560:1594 The aorta placed with composite hydrogels showed enhanced sprouting of blood vessels. 27305426 2 42 theme oxygen 376:381 arg1 transport 349:357 the transport 345:357 the transport of nutrients and oxygen to the regenerating tissues 345:409 Most of the bone defects do not heal completely due to the lack of vasculature required for the transport of nutrients and oxygen to the regenerating tissues. 27305426 7 43 contain containing 983:992 arg1 Composites 972:981 Composites 972:981 Composites containing 5% MBG and 2% FNPs 972:1011 Composites containing 5% MBG and 2% FNPs showed good rheological properties, injectability, temperature stability, biomineralization and protein adsorption. 27305426 7 43 contain containing 983:992 arg2 MBG 997:999 5% MBG 994:999 5% MBG 994:999 Composites containing 5% MBG and 2% FNPs showed good rheological properties, injectability, temperature stability, biomineralization and protein adsorption. 27305426 7 43 contain containing 983:992 arg2 FNPs 1008:1011 2% FNPs 1005:1011 2% FNPs 1005:1011 Composites containing 5% MBG and 2% FNPs showed good rheological properties, injectability, temperature stability, biomineralization and protein adsorption. 27305426 11 44 theme vessels 1588:1594 arg1 sprouting 1569:1577 enhanced sprouting 1560:1577 enhanced sprouting of blood vessels 1560:1594 The aorta placed with composite hydrogels showed enhanced sprouting of blood vessels. 27305426 2 45 theme nutrients 362:370 arg1 transport 349:357 the transport 345:357 the transport of nutrients and oxygen to the regenerating tissues 345:409 Most of the bone defects do not heal completely due to the lack of vasculature required for the transport of nutrients and oxygen to the regenerating tissues. 27305426 8 46 theme Human 1129:1133 arg1 HUVECs 1169:1174 HUVECs 1169:1174 HUVECs 1169:1174 Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and rabbit-adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) were used for cyto-compatibility studies. 27305426 8 46 theme Human 1129:1133 arg1 cells 1162:1166 Human umbilical vein endothelial cells 1129:1166 Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) 1129:1175 Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and rabbit-adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) were used for cyto-compatibility studies. 27305426 13 47 theme higher 1729:1734 arg1 expression 1736:1745 higher expression 1729:1745 higher expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin 1729:1785 Hydrogels containing MBG showed early initiation of differentiation and higher expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin confirming the osteoinductive property of MBG. 27305426 2 48 theme vasculature 320:330 arg1 lack 312:315 the lack 308:315 the lack of vasculature required for the transport of nutrients and oxygen to the regenerating tissues 308:409 Most of the bone defects do not heal completely due to the lack of vasculature required for the transport of nutrients and oxygen to the regenerating tissues. 27305426 7 49 theme temperature 1064:1074 arg1 stability 1076:1084 temperature stability 1064:1084 temperature stability 1064:1084 Composites containing 5% MBG and 2% FNPs showed good rheological properties, injectability, temperature stability, biomineralization and protein adsorption. 27305426 7 49 theme temperature 1064:1074 arg1 properties 1037:1046 good rheological properties 1020:1046 good rheological properties 1020:1046 Composites containing 5% MBG and 2% FNPs showed good rheological properties, injectability, temperature stability, biomineralization and protein adsorption. 27305426 3 50 theme ± 547:547 arg1 nanoparticles 568:580 250 ± 20 nm sized fibrin nanoparticles 543:580 250 ± 20 nm sized fibrin nanoparticles (FNPs) 543:587 To enhance vasculature, we developed an injectable hydrogel system made of chitin and poly (butylene succinate) (PBSu) loaded with 250 ± 20 nm sized fibrin nanoparticles (FNPs) and magnesium-doped bioglass (MBG). 27305426 3 50 theme ± 547:547 arg1 FNPs 583:586 FNPs 583:586 FNPs 583:586 To enhance vasculature, we developed an injectable hydrogel system made of chitin and poly (butylene succinate) (PBSu) loaded with 250 ± 20 nm sized fibrin nanoparticles (FNPs) and magnesium-doped bioglass (MBG). 27305426 5 51 theme energy 845:850 arg1 spectroscopy 869:880 energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy 845:880 energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy 845:880 Composite hydrogels were analysed using Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and rheology. 27305426 6 52 theme SEM 958:960 arg1 analysis 962:969 SEM analysis 958:969 SEM analysis 958:969 Hydrogels with MBG showed a slightly rougher morphology upon SEM analysis. 27305426 13 53 theme differentiation 1709:1723 arg1 expression 1736:1745 higher expression 1729:1745 higher expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin 1729:1785 Hydrogels containing MBG showed early initiation of differentiation and higher expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin confirming the osteoinductive property of MBG. 27305426 13 53 theme differentiation 1709:1723 arg1 initiation 1695:1704 early initiation 1689:1704 early initiation of differentiation 1689:1723 Hydrogels containing MBG showed early initiation of differentiation and higher expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin confirming the osteoinductive property of MBG. 27305426 8 54 used used 1240:1243 arg2 cells 1221:1225 rabbit-adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells 1181:1225 rabbit-adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) 1181:1233 Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and rabbit-adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) were used for cyto-compatibility studies. 27305426 8 54 used used 1240:1243 arg2 HUVECs 1169:1174 HUVECs 1169:1174 HUVECs 1169:1174 Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and rabbit-adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) were used for cyto-compatibility studies. 27305426 8 54 used used 1240:1243 arg2 cells 1162:1166 Human umbilical vein endothelial cells 1129:1166 Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) 1129:1175 Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and rabbit-adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) were used for cyto-compatibility studies. 27305426 8 54 used used 1240:1243 arg2 rASCs 1228:1232 rASCs 1228:1232 rASCs 1228:1232 Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and rabbit-adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) were used for cyto-compatibility studies. 27305426 9 55 theme further 1399:1405 arg1 studies 1416:1422 further in vitro studies 1399:1422 further in vitro studies 1399:1422 Composite gels with 2% FNPs and 2% MBG (composite 1) were considered to be non-toxic to both the cells and were taken for further in vitro studies. 27305426 7 56 theme good 1020:1023 arg1 biomineralization 1087:1103 biomineralization 1087:1103 biomineralization 1087:1103 Composites containing 5% MBG and 2% FNPs showed good rheological properties, injectability, temperature stability, biomineralization and protein adsorption. 27305426 7 56 theme good 1020:1023 arg1 adsorption 1117:1126 protein adsorption 1109:1126 protein adsorption 1109:1126 Composites containing 5% MBG and 2% FNPs showed good rheological properties, injectability, temperature stability, biomineralization and protein adsorption. 27305426 7 56 theme good 1020:1023 arg1 stability 1076:1084 temperature stability 1064:1084 temperature stability 1064:1084 Composites containing 5% MBG and 2% FNPs showed good rheological properties, injectability, temperature stability, biomineralization and protein adsorption. 27305426 7 56 theme good 1020:1023 arg1 properties 1037:1046 good rheological properties 1020:1046 good rheological properties 1020:1046 Composites containing 5% MBG and 2% FNPs showed good rheological properties, injectability, temperature stability, biomineralization and protein adsorption. 27305426 7 56 theme good 1020:1023 arg1 injectability 1049:1061 injectability 1049:1061 injectability 1049:1061 Composites containing 5% MBG and 2% FNPs showed good rheological properties, injectability, temperature stability, biomineralization and protein adsorption. 27305426 5 57 theme dispersive 852:861 arg1 spectroscopy 869:880 energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy 845:880 energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy 845:880 Composite hydrogels were analysed using Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and rheology. 27305426 1 58 theme bone 239:242 arg1 defects 244:250 irregular non load-bearing bone defects 212:250 irregular non load-bearing bone defects 212:250 Injectable hydrogels with their 3D structure and good moldability serve as excellent scaffolding material for regenerating irregular non load-bearing bone defects. 27305426 8 59 theme derived 1196:1202 arg1 rASCs 1228:1232 rASCs 1228:1232 rASCs 1228:1232 Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and rabbit-adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) were used for cyto-compatibility studies. 27305426 8 59 theme derived 1196:1202 arg1 cells 1221:1225 rabbit-adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells 1181:1225 rabbit-adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) 1181:1233 Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and rabbit-adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) were used for cyto-compatibility studies. 27305426 8 60 theme rabbit-adipose 1181:1194 arg1 rASCs 1228:1232 rASCs 1228:1232 rASCs 1228:1232 Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and rabbit-adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) were used for cyto-compatibility studies. 27305426 8 60 theme rabbit-adipose 1181:1194 arg1 cells 1221:1225 rabbit-adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells 1181:1225 rabbit-adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) 1181:1233 Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and rabbit-adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) were used for cyto-compatibility studies. 27305426 8 61 theme cyto-compatibility 1249:1266 arg1 studies 1268:1274 cyto-compatibility studies 1249:1274 cyto-compatibility studies 1249:1274 Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and rabbit-adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) were used for cyto-compatibility studies. 27305426 3 62 theme sized 555:559 arg1 nanoparticles 568:580 250 ± 20 nm sized fibrin nanoparticles 543:580 250 ± 20 nm sized fibrin nanoparticles (FNPs) 543:587 To enhance vasculature, we developed an injectable hydrogel system made of chitin and poly (butylene succinate) (PBSu) loaded with 250 ± 20 nm sized fibrin nanoparticles (FNPs) and magnesium-doped bioglass (MBG). 27305426 3 62 theme sized 555:559 arg1 FNPs 583:586 FNPs 583:586 FNPs 583:586 To enhance vasculature, we developed an injectable hydrogel system made of chitin and poly (butylene succinate) (PBSu) loaded with 250 ± 20 nm sized fibrin nanoparticles (FNPs) and magnesium-doped bioglass (MBG). 27305426 8 63 theme stem 1216:1219 arg1 rASCs 1228:1232 rASCs 1228:1232 rASCs 1228:1232 Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and rabbit-adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) were used for cyto-compatibility studies. 27305426 8 63 theme stem 1216:1219 arg1 cells 1221:1225 rabbit-adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells 1181:1225 rabbit-adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) 1181:1233 Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and rabbit-adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) were used for cyto-compatibility studies. 27305426 7 64 theme 2 1005:1005 arg1 % 1006:1006 % 1006:1006 % 1006:1006 Composites containing 5% MBG and 2% FNPs showed good rheological properties, injectability, temperature stability, biomineralization and protein adsorption. 27305426 7 65 theme % 995:995 arg1 MBG 997:999 5% MBG 994:999 5% MBG 994:999 Composites containing 5% MBG and 2% FNPs showed good rheological properties, injectability, temperature stability, biomineralization and protein adsorption. 27305426 1 66 theme good 138:141 arg1 moldability 143:153 good moldability 138:153 good moldability 138:153 Injectable hydrogels with their 3D structure and good moldability serve as excellent scaffolding material for regenerating irregular non load-bearing bone defects. 27305426 12 67 theme composite 1636:1644 arg1 hydrogels 1646:1654 the composite hydrogels 1632:1654 the composite hydrogels 1632:1654 rASCs too showed good spreading on the composite hydrogels. 27305426 1 68 theme non 222:224 arg1 defects 244:250 irregular non load-bearing bone defects 212:250 irregular non load-bearing bone defects 212:250 Injectable hydrogels with their 3D structure and good moldability serve as excellent scaffolding material for regenerating irregular non load-bearing bone defects. 27305426 5 69 theme x-ray 863:867 arg1 spectroscopy 869:880 energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy 845:880 energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy 845:880 Composite hydrogels were analysed using Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and rheology. 27305426 9 70 with gels 1287:1290 arg1 MBG 1312:1314 2% MBG 1309:1314 2% MBG (composite 1) 1309:1328 Composite gels with 2% FNPs and 2% MBG (composite 1) were considered to be non-toxic to both the cells and were taken for further in vitro studies. 27305426 9 70 with gels 1287:1290 arg1 FNPs 1300:1303 2% FNPs 1297:1303 2% FNPs 1297:1303 Composite gels with 2% FNPs and 2% MBG (composite 1) were considered to be non-toxic to both the cells and were taken for further in vitro studies. 27305426 9 70 with gels 1287:1290 arg1 composite 1317:1325 composite 1 1317:1327 composite 1 1317:1327 Composite gels with 2% FNPs and 2% MBG (composite 1) were considered to be non-toxic to both the cells and were taken for further in vitro studies. 27305426 9 71 theme Composite 1277:1285 arg1 gels 1287:1290 Composite gels 1277:1290 Composite gels with 2% FNPs and 2% MBG (composite 1) 1277:1328 Composite gels with 2% FNPs and 2% MBG (composite 1) were considered to be non-toxic to both the cells and were taken for further in vitro studies. 27305426 1 72 theme excellent 164:172 arg1 material 186:193 excellent scaffolding material 164:193 excellent scaffolding material for regenerating irregular non load-bearing bone defects 164:250 Injectable hydrogels with their 3D structure and good moldability serve as excellent scaffolding material for regenerating irregular non load-bearing bone defects. 27305426 12 73 theme good 1614:1617 arg1 spreading 1619:1627 good spreading 1614:1627 good spreading on the composite hydrogels 1614:1654 rASCs too showed good spreading on the composite hydrogels. 27305426 13 74 theme MBG 1829:1831 arg1 property 1817:1824 the osteoinductive property 1798:1824 the osteoinductive property of MBG 1798:1831 Hydrogels containing MBG showed early initiation of differentiation and higher expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin confirming the osteoinductive property of MBG. 27305426 9 75 theme % 1298:1298 arg1 FNPs 1300:1303 2% FNPs 1297:1303 2% FNPs 1297:1303 Composite gels with 2% FNPs and 2% MBG (composite 1) were considered to be non-toxic to both the cells and were taken for further in vitro studies. 27305426 1 76 theme load-bearing 226:237 arg1 defects 244:250 irregular non load-bearing bone defects 212:250 irregular non load-bearing bone defects 212:250 Injectable hydrogels with their 3D structure and good moldability serve as excellent scaffolding material for regenerating irregular non load-bearing bone defects. 27305426 2 77 theme regenerating 390:401 arg1 tissues 403:409 the regenerating tissues 386:409 the regenerating tissues 386:409 Most of the bone defects do not heal completely due to the lack of vasculature required for the transport of nutrients and oxygen to the regenerating tissues. 27305426 5 78 theme infra-red 785:793 arg1 spectroscopy 795:806 infra-red spectroscopy 785:806 infra-red spectroscopy 785:806 Composite hydrogels were analysed using Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and rheology. 27305426 9 79 theme % 1310:1310 arg1 MBG 1312:1314 2% MBG 1309:1314 2% MBG (composite 1) 1309:1328 Composite gels with 2% FNPs and 2% MBG (composite 1) were considered to be non-toxic to both the cells and were taken for further in vitro studies. 27305426 9 79 theme % 1310:1310 arg1 composite 1317:1325 composite 1 1317:1327 composite 1 1317:1327 Composite gels with 2% FNPs and 2% MBG (composite 1) were considered to be non-toxic to both the cells and were taken for further in vitro studies. 27305426 8 80 link derived 1196:1202 arg1 rASCs 1228:1232 rASCs 1228:1232 rASCs 1228:1232 Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and rabbit-adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) were used for cyto-compatibility studies. 27305426 8 80 link derived 1196:1202 arg1 cells 1221:1225 rabbit-adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells 1181:1225 rabbit-adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) 1181:1233 Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and rabbit-adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) were used for cyto-compatibility studies. 27305426 10 81 theme ring 1432:1435 arg1 assay 1437:1441 Aortic ring assay 1425:1441 Aortic ring assay 1425:1441 Aortic ring assay was carried out to study the angiogenic potential of the hydrogels. 27305426 13 82 contain containing 1667:1676 arg2 MBG 1678:1680 MBG 1678:1680 MBG 1678:1680 Hydrogels containing MBG showed early initiation of differentiation and higher expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin confirming the osteoinductive property of MBG. 27305426 13 82 contain containing 1667:1676 arg1 Hydrogels 1657:1665 Hydrogels 1657:1665 Hydrogels containing MBG 1657:1680 Hydrogels containing MBG showed early initiation of differentiation and higher expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin confirming the osteoinductive property of MBG. 27305426 3 83 theme hydrogel 463:470 arg1 system 472:477 an injectable hydrogel system 449:477 an injectable hydrogel system made of chitin and poly (butylene succinate) (PBSu) loaded with 250 ± 20 nm sized fibrin nanoparticles (FNPs) and magnesium-doped bioglass (MBG) 449:622 To enhance vasculature, we developed an injectable hydrogel system made of chitin and poly (butylene succinate) (PBSu) loaded with 250 ± 20 nm sized fibrin nanoparticles (FNPs) and magnesium-doped bioglass (MBG). 27305426 0 84 theme irregular 65:73 arg1 defects 80:86 irregular bone defects 65:86 irregular bone defects 65:86 Injectable osteogenic and angiogenic nanocomposite hydrogels for irregular bone defects. 27305426 14 85 theme bone 1925:1928 arg1 defects 1930:1936 irregular bone defects 1915:1936 irregular bone defects 1915:1936 These studies indicate that this composite hydrogel can be used for regenerating irregular bone defects. 27305426 10 86 theme angiogenic 1472:1481 arg1 potential 1483:1491 the angiogenic potential 1468:1491 the angiogenic potential of the hydrogels 1468:1508 Aortic ring assay was carried out to study the angiogenic potential of the hydrogels. 27305426 11 87 theme blood 1582:1586 arg1 vessels 1588:1594 blood vessels 1582:1594 blood vessels 1582:1594 The aorta placed with composite hydrogels showed enhanced sprouting of blood vessels. 27305426 9 88 dep in 1407:1408 arg1 vitro 1410:1414 vitro 1410:1414 vitro 1410:1414 Composite gels with 2% FNPs and 2% MBG (composite 1) were considered to be non-toxic to both the cells and were taken for further in vitro studies. 27305426 11 89 theme composite 1533:1541 arg1 hydrogels 1543:1551 composite hydrogels 1533:1551 composite hydrogels 1533:1551 The aorta placed with composite hydrogels showed enhanced sprouting of blood vessels. 28035904 0 0 theme calibration 73:83 arg1 approach 97:104 the calibration measurement approach 69:104 the calibration measurement approach 69:104 In vivo liver visualizations with magnetic particle imaging based on the calibration measurement approach. 28035904 4 1 theme particle 490:497 arg1 mobility 499:506 the particle mobility and aggregation status 486:529 mobility 499:506 The application of an enhanced system function sample reflecting the particle mobility and aggregation status of ferucarbotran resulted in significantly improved image reconstructions. 28035904 6 2 theme similar 781:787 arg1 results 789:795 similar results 781:795 similar results 781:795 For instance, similar results were obtained between ferucarbotran embedded in freeze-dried mannitol sugar and liver tissue harvested after a ferucarbotran injection. 28035904 7 3 theme shifted 974:980 arg1 patches 994:1000 multiple shifted measurement patches 965:1000 multiple shifted measurement patches 965:1000 In addition, the combination of multiple shifted measurement patches for a joint reconstruction of the MPI data enlarged the field of view and increased the covering of liver MPI on magnetic resonance images noticeably. 28035904 0 4 theme liver 8:12 arg1 visualizations 14:27 In vivo liver visualizations 0:27 In vivo liver visualizations with magnetic particle imaging 0:58 In vivo liver visualizations with magnetic particle imaging based on the calibration measurement approach. 28035904 4 5 theme aggregation 512:522 arg1 status 524:529 the particle mobility and aggregation status 486:529 status 524:529 The application of an enhanced system function sample reflecting the particle mobility and aggregation status of ferucarbotran resulted in significantly improved image reconstructions. 28035904 1 6 theme rapid 155:159 arg1 determination 161:173 the rapid determination 151:173 the rapid determination of 3D in vivo magnetic nanoparticle distributions 151:223 Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) facilitates the rapid determination of 3D in vivo magnetic nanoparticle distributions. 28035904 5 7 theme magnetorelaxometry 702:719 arg1 technique 756:764 the magnetorelaxometry and magnetic particle spectroscopy technique 698:764 the magnetorelaxometry and magnetic particle spectroscopy technique 698:764 The finding was supported by characterizations of different ferucarbotran compositions with the magnetorelaxometry and magnetic particle spectroscopy technique. 28035904 2 8 theme ferucarbotran 286:298 arg1 injections 272:281 intravenous injections 260:281 intravenous injections of ferucarbotran (Resovist®) 260:310 In this work, liver MPI following intravenous injections of ferucarbotran (Resovist®) was studied. 28035904 0 9 theme measurement 85:95 arg1 approach 97:104 the calibration measurement approach 69:104 the calibration measurement approach 69:104 In vivo liver visualizations with magnetic particle imaging based on the calibration measurement approach. 28035904 4 10 theme sample 468:473 arg1 application 425:435 The application 421:435 The application of an enhanced system function sample reflecting the particle mobility and aggregation status of ferucarbotran 421:546 The application of an enhanced system function sample reflecting the particle mobility and aggregation status of ferucarbotran resulted in significantly improved image reconstructions. 28035904 7 11 theme MPI 1036:1038 arg1 data 1040:1043 the MPI data 1032:1043 the MPI data 1032:1043 In addition, the combination of multiple shifted measurement patches for a joint reconstruction of the MPI data enlarged the field of view and increased the covering of liver MPI on magnetic resonance images noticeably. 28035904 4 12 theme function 459:466 arg1 sample 468:473 an enhanced system function sample 440:473 an enhanced system function sample reflecting the particle mobility and aggregation status of ferucarbotran 440:546 The application of an enhanced system function sample reflecting the particle mobility and aggregation status of ferucarbotran resulted in significantly improved image reconstructions. 28035904 6 13 theme liver 877:881 arg1 tissue 883:888 freeze-dried mannitol sugar and liver tissue 845:888 tissue 883:888 For instance, similar results were obtained between ferucarbotran embedded in freeze-dried mannitol sugar and liver tissue harvested after a ferucarbotran injection. 28035904 6 14 from tissue 883:888 arg1 embedded 833:840 embedded 833:840 embedded 833:840 For instance, similar results were obtained between ferucarbotran embedded in freeze-dried mannitol sugar and liver tissue harvested after a ferucarbotran injection. 28035904 3 15 theme called 397:402 arg1 measurement 377:387 a calibration measurement 363:387 a calibration measurement 363:387 The image reconstruction was based on a calibration measurement, the so called system function. 28035904 3 15 theme called 397:402 arg1 function 411:418 the so called system function 390:418 the so called system function 390:418 The image reconstruction was based on a calibration measurement, the so called system function. 28035904 2 16 theme intravenous 260:270 arg1 injections 272:281 intravenous injections 260:281 intravenous injections of ferucarbotran (Resovist®) 260:310 In this work, liver MPI following intravenous injections of ferucarbotran (Resovist®) was studied. 28035904 7 17 theme liver 1102:1106 arg1 MPI 1108:1110 liver MPI 1102:1110 liver MPI 1102:1110 In addition, the combination of multiple shifted measurement patches for a joint reconstruction of the MPI data enlarged the field of view and increased the covering of liver MPI on magnetic resonance images noticeably. 28035904 5 18 theme ferucarbotran 666:678 arg1 compositions 680:691 different ferucarbotran compositions 656:691 different ferucarbotran compositions with the magnetorelaxometry and magnetic particle spectroscopy technique 656:764 The finding was supported by characterizations of different ferucarbotran compositions with the magnetorelaxometry and magnetic particle spectroscopy technique. 28035904 7 19 theme magnetic 1115:1122 arg1 images 1134:1139 magnetic resonance images 1115:1139 magnetic resonance images 1115:1139 In addition, the combination of multiple shifted measurement patches for a joint reconstruction of the MPI data enlarged the field of view and increased the covering of liver MPI on magnetic resonance images noticeably. 28035904 1 20 theme 3D 178:179 arg1 distributions 211:223 3D in vivo magnetic nanoparticle distributions 178:223 3D in vivo magnetic nanoparticle distributions 178:223 Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) facilitates the rapid determination of 3D in vivo magnetic nanoparticle distributions. 28035904 0 21 theme In 0:1 arg1 visualizations 14:27 In vivo liver visualizations 0:27 In vivo liver visualizations with magnetic particle imaging 0:58 In vivo liver visualizations with magnetic particle imaging based on the calibration measurement approach. 28035904 5 22 theme compositions 680:691 arg1 characterizations 635:651 characterizations 635:651 characterizations of different ferucarbotran compositions with the magnetorelaxometry and magnetic particle spectroscopy technique 635:764 The finding was supported by characterizations of different ferucarbotran compositions with the magnetorelaxometry and magnetic particle spectroscopy technique. 28035904 6 23 theme mannitol 858:865 arg1 sugar 867:871 freeze-dried mannitol sugar and liver tissue 845:888 sugar 867:871 For instance, similar results were obtained between ferucarbotran embedded in freeze-dried mannitol sugar and liver tissue harvested after a ferucarbotran injection. 28035904 1 24 theme in 181:182 arg1 distributions 211:223 3D in vivo magnetic nanoparticle distributions 178:223 3D in vivo magnetic nanoparticle distributions 178:223 Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) facilitates the rapid determination of 3D in vivo magnetic nanoparticle distributions. 28035904 7 25 theme joint 1008:1012 arg1 reconstruction 1014:1027 a joint reconstruction 1006:1027 a joint reconstruction of the MPI data 1006:1043 In addition, the combination of multiple shifted measurement patches for a joint reconstruction of the MPI data enlarged the field of view and increased the covering of liver MPI on magnetic resonance images noticeably. 28035904 6 26 theme freeze-dried 845:856 arg1 sugar 867:871 freeze-dried mannitol sugar and liver tissue 845:888 sugar 867:871 For instance, similar results were obtained between ferucarbotran embedded in freeze-dried mannitol sugar and liver tissue harvested after a ferucarbotran injection. 28035904 3 27 theme calibration 365:375 arg1 measurement 377:387 a calibration measurement 363:387 a calibration measurement 363:387 The image reconstruction was based on a calibration measurement, the so called system function. 28035904 3 27 theme calibration 365:375 arg1 function 411:418 the so called system function 390:418 the so called system function 390:418 The image reconstruction was based on a calibration measurement, the so called system function. 28035904 4 28 theme image 583:587 arg1 reconstructions 589:603 significantly improved image reconstructions 560:603 significantly improved image reconstructions 560:603 The application of an enhanced system function sample reflecting the particle mobility and aggregation status of ferucarbotran resulted in significantly improved image reconstructions. 28035904 1 29 theme Magnetic 107:114 arg1 MPI 134:136 MPI 134:136 MPI 134:136 Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) facilitates the rapid determination of 3D in vivo magnetic nanoparticle distributions. 28035904 1 29 theme Magnetic 107:114 arg1 imaging 125:131 Magnetic particle imaging 107:131 Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) 107:137 Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) facilitates the rapid determination of 3D in vivo magnetic nanoparticle distributions. 28035904 7 30 theme data 1040:1043 arg1 reconstruction 1014:1027 a joint reconstruction 1006:1027 a joint reconstruction of the MPI data 1006:1043 In addition, the combination of multiple shifted measurement patches for a joint reconstruction of the MPI data enlarged the field of view and increased the covering of liver MPI on magnetic resonance images noticeably. 28035904 1 31 theme magnetic 189:196 arg1 distributions 211:223 3D in vivo magnetic nanoparticle distributions 178:223 3D in vivo magnetic nanoparticle distributions 178:223 Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) facilitates the rapid determination of 3D in vivo magnetic nanoparticle distributions. 28035904 0 32 theme magnetic 34:41 arg1 imaging 52:58 magnetic particle imaging 34:58 magnetic particle imaging 34:58 In vivo liver visualizations with magnetic particle imaging based on the calibration measurement approach. 28035904 4 33 theme improved 574:581 arg1 reconstructions 589:603 significantly improved image reconstructions 560:603 significantly improved image reconstructions 560:603 The application of an enhanced system function sample reflecting the particle mobility and aggregation status of ferucarbotran resulted in significantly improved image reconstructions. 28035904 7 34 theme resonance 1124:1132 arg1 images 1134:1139 magnetic resonance images 1115:1139 magnetic resonance images 1115:1139 In addition, the combination of multiple shifted measurement patches for a joint reconstruction of the MPI data enlarged the field of view and increased the covering of liver MPI on magnetic resonance images noticeably. 28035904 1 35 theme nanoparticle 198:209 arg1 distributions 211:223 3D in vivo magnetic nanoparticle distributions 178:223 3D in vivo magnetic nanoparticle distributions 178:223 Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) facilitates the rapid determination of 3D in vivo magnetic nanoparticle distributions. 28035904 3 36 theme system 404:409 arg1 measurement 377:387 a calibration measurement 363:387 a calibration measurement 363:387 The image reconstruction was based on a calibration measurement, the so called system function. 28035904 3 36 theme system 404:409 arg1 function 411:418 the so called system function 390:418 the so called system function 390:418 The image reconstruction was based on a calibration measurement, the so called system function. 28035904 4 37 theme system 452:457 arg1 sample 468:473 an enhanced system function sample 440:473 an enhanced system function sample reflecting the particle mobility and aggregation status of ferucarbotran 440:546 The application of an enhanced system function sample reflecting the particle mobility and aggregation status of ferucarbotran resulted in significantly improved image reconstructions. 28035904 1 38 dep in 181:182 arg1 vivo 184:187 vivo 184:187 vivo 184:187 Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) facilitates the rapid determination of 3D in vivo magnetic nanoparticle distributions. 28035904 0 39 with visualizations 14:27 arg1 imaging 52:58 magnetic particle imaging 34:58 magnetic particle imaging 34:58 In vivo liver visualizations with magnetic particle imaging based on the calibration measurement approach. 28035904 1 40 theme distributions 211:223 arg1 determination 161:173 the rapid determination 151:173 the rapid determination of 3D in vivo magnetic nanoparticle distributions 151:223 Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) facilitates the rapid determination of 3D in vivo magnetic nanoparticle distributions. 28035904 5 41 theme magnetic 725:732 arg1 spectroscopy 743:754 magnetic particle spectroscopy 725:754 magnetic particle spectroscopy 725:754 The finding was supported by characterizations of different ferucarbotran compositions with the magnetorelaxometry and magnetic particle spectroscopy technique. 28035904 4 42 theme enhanced 443:450 arg1 sample 468:473 an enhanced system function sample 440:473 an enhanced system function sample reflecting the particle mobility and aggregation status of ferucarbotran 440:546 The application of an enhanced system function sample reflecting the particle mobility and aggregation status of ferucarbotran resulted in significantly improved image reconstructions. 28035904 6 43 theme embedded 833:840 arg1 ferucarbotran 819:831 ferucarbotran 819:831 ferucarbotran embedded in freeze-dried mannitol sugar and liver tissue harvested after a ferucarbotran injection 819:930 For instance, similar results were obtained between ferucarbotran embedded in freeze-dried mannitol sugar and liver tissue harvested after a ferucarbotran injection. 28035904 1 44 theme particle 116:123 arg1 MPI 134:136 MPI 134:136 MPI 134:136 Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) facilitates the rapid determination of 3D in vivo magnetic nanoparticle distributions. 28035904 1 44 theme particle 116:123 arg1 imaging 125:131 Magnetic particle imaging 107:131 Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) 107:137 Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) facilitates the rapid determination of 3D in vivo magnetic nanoparticle distributions. 28035904 0 45 theme particle 43:50 arg1 imaging 52:58 magnetic particle imaging 34:58 magnetic particle imaging 34:58 In vivo liver visualizations with magnetic particle imaging based on the calibration measurement approach. 28035904 5 46 theme particle 734:741 arg1 spectroscopy 743:754 magnetic particle spectroscopy 725:754 magnetic particle spectroscopy 725:754 The finding was supported by characterizations of different ferucarbotran compositions with the magnetorelaxometry and magnetic particle spectroscopy technique. 28035904 5 47 theme different 656:664 arg1 compositions 680:691 different ferucarbotran compositions 656:691 different ferucarbotran compositions with the magnetorelaxometry and magnetic particle spectroscopy technique 656:764 The finding was supported by characterizations of different ferucarbotran compositions with the magnetorelaxometry and magnetic particle spectroscopy technique. 28035904 5 48 with compositions 680:691 arg1 technique 756:764 the magnetorelaxometry and magnetic particle spectroscopy technique 698:764 the magnetorelaxometry and magnetic particle spectroscopy technique 698:764 The finding was supported by characterizations of different ferucarbotran compositions with the magnetorelaxometry and magnetic particle spectroscopy technique. 28035904 4 49 theme ferucarbotran 534:546 arg1 mobility 499:506 the particle mobility and aggregation status 486:529 mobility 499:506 The application of an enhanced system function sample reflecting the particle mobility and aggregation status of ferucarbotran resulted in significantly improved image reconstructions. 28035904 4 49 theme ferucarbotran 534:546 arg1 status 524:529 the particle mobility and aggregation status 486:529 status 524:529 The application of an enhanced system function sample reflecting the particle mobility and aggregation status of ferucarbotran resulted in significantly improved image reconstructions. 28035904 5 50 theme spectroscopy 743:754 arg1 technique 756:764 the magnetorelaxometry and magnetic particle spectroscopy technique 698:764 the magnetorelaxometry and magnetic particle spectroscopy technique 698:764 The finding was supported by characterizations of different ferucarbotran compositions with the magnetorelaxometry and magnetic particle spectroscopy technique. 28035904 6 51 theme ferucarbotran 908:920 arg1 injection 922:930 a ferucarbotran injection 906:930 a ferucarbotran injection 906:930 For instance, similar results were obtained between ferucarbotran embedded in freeze-dried mannitol sugar and liver tissue harvested after a ferucarbotran injection. 28035904 7 52 theme view 1067:1070 arg1 field 1058:1062 the field 1054:1062 the field of view 1054:1070 In addition, the combination of multiple shifted measurement patches for a joint reconstruction of the MPI data enlarged the field of view and increased the covering of liver MPI on magnetic resonance images noticeably. 28035904 6 53 from embedded 833:840 arg1 sugar 867:871 freeze-dried mannitol sugar and liver tissue 845:888 sugar 867:871 For instance, similar results were obtained between ferucarbotran embedded in freeze-dried mannitol sugar and liver tissue harvested after a ferucarbotran injection. 28035904 6 53 from embedded 833:840 arg1 tissue 883:888 freeze-dried mannitol sugar and liver tissue 845:888 tissue 883:888 For instance, similar results were obtained between ferucarbotran embedded in freeze-dried mannitol sugar and liver tissue harvested after a ferucarbotran injection. 28035904 7 54 theme measurement 982:992 arg1 patches 994:1000 multiple shifted measurement patches 965:1000 multiple shifted measurement patches 965:1000 In addition, the combination of multiple shifted measurement patches for a joint reconstruction of the MPI data enlarged the field of view and increased the covering of liver MPI on magnetic resonance images noticeably. 28035904 6 55 from sugar 867:871 arg1 embedded 833:840 embedded 833:840 embedded 833:840 For instance, similar results were obtained between ferucarbotran embedded in freeze-dried mannitol sugar and liver tissue harvested after a ferucarbotran injection. 28035904 2 56 theme liver 240:244 arg1 MPI 246:248 liver MPI 240:248 liver MPI following intravenous injections of ferucarbotran (Resovist®) 240:310 In this work, liver MPI following intravenous injections of ferucarbotran (Resovist®) was studied. 28035904 7 57 theme patches 994:1000 arg1 combination 950:960 the combination 946:960 the combination of multiple shifted measurement patches for a joint reconstruction of the MPI data 946:1043 In addition, the combination of multiple shifted measurement patches for a joint reconstruction of the MPI data enlarged the field of view and increased the covering of liver MPI on magnetic resonance images noticeably. 28035904 3 58 theme image 329:333 arg1 reconstruction 335:348 The image reconstruction 325:348 The image reconstruction 325:348 The image reconstruction was based on a calibration measurement, the so called system function. 28035904 0 59 dep In 0:1 arg1 vivo 3:6 vivo 3:6 vivo 3:6 In vivo liver visualizations with magnetic particle imaging based on the calibration measurement approach. 28035904 7 60 theme multiple 965:972 arg1 patches 994:1000 multiple shifted measurement patches 965:1000 multiple shifted measurement patches 965:1000 In addition, the combination of multiple shifted measurement patches for a joint reconstruction of the MPI data enlarged the field of view and increased the covering of liver MPI on magnetic resonance images noticeably. 26256177 6 0 theme CNF-reinforced 1419:1432 arg1 composites 1434:1443 native CNF-reinforced composites 1412:1443 native CNF-reinforced composites 1412:1443 It is also a more effective nucleating agent, with 15% mCNF-G1 leading to a crystallinity of 32.5%, compared to 0.1 and 8.7% for neat PLLA and native CNF-reinforced composites. 26256177 7 1 from increase 1630:1637 arg1 strength 1650:1657 tensile strength 1642:1657 tensile strength 1642:1657 We have demonstrated that APTMS-functionalized CNF (mCNF-G1) significantly improved the tensile strength compared to native CNF, with 10% mCNF-G1 being the most effective (i.e., >100% increase in tensile strength). 26256177 5 2 theme due 1218:1220 arg1 matrix 1211:1216 the PLLA matrix 1202:1216 the PLLA matrix due to the grafting of PLLA chains via aminolysis 1202:1266 Compared to native CNF-reinforced, poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) nanocomposites, amine-functionalized CNF exhibited significantly improved dispersion and interfacial properties within the PLLA matrix due to the grafting of PLLA chains via aminolysis. 26256177 4 3 theme amine 798:802 arg1 mCNF-G2 813:819 mCNF-G2 813:819 mCNF-G2 813:819 To further increase the amine density (mCNF-G2), dendritic polyamidoamine (PAMAM) was grafted onto mCNF-G1 by the Michael addition of methacrylate onto mCNF-G1, followed by the transamidation of the ester groups of methacrylate using ethylenediamine. 26256177 4 3 theme amine 798:802 arg1 density 804:810 the amine density 794:810 the amine density (mCNF-G2) 794:820 To further increase the amine density (mCNF-G2), dendritic polyamidoamine (PAMAM) was grafted onto mCNF-G1 by the Michael addition of methacrylate onto mCNF-G1, followed by the transamidation of the ester groups of methacrylate using ethylenediamine. 26256177 8 4 theme excessive 1689:1697 arg1 amines 1699:1704 excessive amines 1689:1704 excessive amines on the CNF surface (i.e., mCNF-G2) 1689:1739 However, we also found that excessive amines on the CNF surface (i.e., mCNF-G2) resulted in decreased tensile strength and modulus due to PLLA degradation via aminolysis. 26256177 8 4 theme excessive 1689:1697 arg1 mCNF-G2 1732:1738 mCNF-G2 1732:1738 mCNF-G2 1732:1738 However, we also found that excessive amines on the CNF surface (i.e., mCNF-G2) resulted in decreased tensile strength and modulus due to PLLA degradation via aminolysis. 26256177 2 5 theme functional 562:571 arg1 applications 573:584 structural and functional applications 547:584 structural and functional applications 547:584 Surface functionalization has been the preferred approach to engineer the interfaces in polymer nanocomposites in order to maximize their potential in structural and functional applications. 26256177 7 6 theme tensile 1534:1540 arg1 strength 1542:1549 the tensile strength 1530:1549 the tensile strength 1530:1549 We have demonstrated that APTMS-functionalized CNF (mCNF-G1) significantly improved the tensile strength compared to native CNF, with 10% mCNF-G1 being the most effective (i.e., >100% increase in tensile strength). 26256177 7 7 theme APTMS-functionalized 1472:1491 arg1 CNF 1493:1495 APTMS-functionalized CNF 1472:1495 APTMS-functionalized CNF (mCNF-G1) 1472:1505 We have demonstrated that APTMS-functionalized CNF (mCNF-G1) significantly improved the tensile strength compared to native CNF, with 10% mCNF-G1 being the most effective (i.e., >100% increase in tensile strength). 26256177 7 7 theme APTMS-functionalized 1472:1491 arg1 mCNF-G1 1498:1504 mCNF-G1 1498:1504 mCNF-G1 1498:1504 We have demonstrated that APTMS-functionalized CNF (mCNF-G1) significantly improved the tensile strength compared to native CNF, with 10% mCNF-G1 being the most effective (i.e., >100% increase in tensile strength). 26256177 1 8 theme mechanical 204:213 arg1 properties 228:237 the mechanical and physical properties 200:237 the mechanical and physical properties of nanocomposites 200:255 One of the main factors responsible for the mechanical and physical properties of nanocomposites is the effectiveness of the interfacial region to transfer loads and mechanical vibrations between the nano-reinforcements and the matrix. 26256177 1 9 theme transfer 307:314 arg1 loads 316:320 transfer loads 307:320 transfer loads 307:320 One of the main factors responsible for the mechanical and physical properties of nanocomposites is the effectiveness of the interfacial region to transfer loads and mechanical vibrations between the nano-reinforcements and the matrix. 26256177 3 10 from surface 721:727 arg1 silylation 676:685 silylation 676:685 silylation of the hydroxyl groups on the CNF surface using 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) 676:771 In this study, amine-functionalized cellulose nanofibrils (mCNF-G1) were synthesized via silylation of the hydroxyl groups on the CNF surface using 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS). 26256177 6 11 theme effective 1287:1295 arg1 It 1269:1270 It 1269:1270 It 1269:1270 It is also a more effective nucleating agent, with 15% mCNF-G1 leading to a crystallinity of 32.5%, compared to 0.1 and 8.7% for neat PLLA and native CNF-reinforced composites. 26256177 6 11 theme effective 1287:1295 arg1 agent 1308:1312 a more effective nucleating agent 1280:1312 a more effective nucleating agent 1280:1312 It is also a more effective nucleating agent, with 15% mCNF-G1 leading to a crystallinity of 32.5%, compared to 0.1 and 8.7% for neat PLLA and native CNF-reinforced composites. 26256177 5 12 theme amine-functionalized 1099:1118 arg1 CNF 1120:1122 amine-functionalized CNF 1099:1122 amine-functionalized CNF 1099:1122 Compared to native CNF-reinforced, poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) nanocomposites, amine-functionalized CNF exhibited significantly improved dispersion and interfacial properties within the PLLA matrix due to the grafting of PLLA chains via aminolysis. 26256177 8 13 theme due 1792:1794 arg1 strength 1771:1778 decreased tensile strength 1753:1778 decreased tensile strength 1753:1778 However, we also found that excessive amines on the CNF surface (i.e., mCNF-G2) resulted in decreased tensile strength and modulus due to PLLA degradation via aminolysis. 26256177 7 14 dep increase 1630:1637 arg1 i.e. 1618:1621 i.e. 1618:1621 i.e. 1618:1621 We have demonstrated that APTMS-functionalized CNF (mCNF-G1) significantly improved the tensile strength compared to native CNF, with 10% mCNF-G1 being the most effective (i.e., >100% increase in tensile strength). 26256177 8 15 dep mCNF-G2 1732:1738 arg1 i.e. 1726:1729 i.e. 1726:1729 i.e. 1726:1729 However, we also found that excessive amines on the CNF surface (i.e., mCNF-G2) resulted in decreased tensile strength and modulus due to PLLA degradation via aminolysis. 26256177 3 16 from groups 703:708 arg1 surface 721:727 the CNF surface 713:727 the CNF surface using 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) 713:771 In this study, amine-functionalized cellulose nanofibrils (mCNF-G1) were synthesized via silylation of the hydroxyl groups on the CNF surface using 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS). 26256177 6 17 theme neat 1398:1401 arg1 PLLA 1403:1406 neat PLLA 1398:1406 neat PLLA 1398:1406 It is also a more effective nucleating agent, with 15% mCNF-G1 leading to a crystallinity of 32.5%, compared to 0.1 and 8.7% for neat PLLA and native CNF-reinforced composites. 26256177 2 18 from potential 534:542 arg1 applications 573:584 structural and functional applications 547:584 structural and functional applications 547:584 Surface functionalization has been the preferred approach to engineer the interfaces in polymer nanocomposites in order to maximize their potential in structural and functional applications. 26256177 7 19 dep effective 1607:1615 arg1 increase 1630:1637 >100% increase 1624:1637 >100% increase 1624:1637 We have demonstrated that APTMS-functionalized CNF (mCNF-G1) significantly improved the tensile strength compared to native CNF, with 10% mCNF-G1 being the most effective (i.e., >100% increase in tensile strength). 26256177 9 20 theme CNF 1906:1908 arg1 potential 1862:1870 the potential 1858:1870 the potential of optimized amine-functionalized CNF for future renewable material applications 1858:1951 These results demonstrate the potential of optimized amine-functionalized CNF for future renewable material applications. 26256177 3 21 theme cellulose 623:631 arg1 mCNF-G1 646:652 mCNF-G1 646:652 mCNF-G1 646:652 In this study, amine-functionalized cellulose nanofibrils (mCNF-G1) were synthesized via silylation of the hydroxyl groups on the CNF surface using 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS). 26256177 3 21 theme cellulose 623:631 arg1 nanofibrils 633:643 amine-functionalized cellulose nanofibrils 602:643 amine-functionalized cellulose nanofibrils (mCNF-G1) 602:653 In this study, amine-functionalized cellulose nanofibrils (mCNF-G1) were synthesized via silylation of the hydroxyl groups on the CNF surface using 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS). 26256177 8 22 theme CNF 1713:1715 arg1 surface 1717:1723 the CNF surface 1709:1723 the CNF surface 1709:1723 However, we also found that excessive amines on the CNF surface (i.e., mCNF-G2) resulted in decreased tensile strength and modulus due to PLLA degradation via aminolysis. 26256177 6 23 with agent 1308:1312 arg1 mCNF-G1 1324:1330 15% mCNF-G1 1320:1330 15% mCNF-G1 leading to a crystallinity of 32.5%, compared to 0.1 and 8.7% for neat PLLA and native CNF-reinforced composites 1320:1443 It is also a more effective nucleating agent, with 15% mCNF-G1 leading to a crystallinity of 32.5%, compared to 0.1 and 8.7% for neat PLLA and native CNF-reinforced composites. 26256177 1 24 theme physical 219:226 arg1 properties 228:237 the mechanical and physical properties 200:237 the mechanical and physical properties of nanocomposites 200:255 One of the main factors responsible for the mechanical and physical properties of nanocomposites is the effectiveness of the interfacial region to transfer loads and mechanical vibrations between the nano-reinforcements and the matrix. 26256177 0 25 theme mechanical 9:18 arg1 properties 20:29 Improved mechanical properties 0:29 Improved mechanical properties of polylactide 0:44 Improved mechanical properties of polylactide nanocomposites-reinforced with cellulose nanofibrils through interfacial engineering via amine-functionalization. 26256177 0 26 theme interfacial 107:117 arg1 engineering 119:129 interfacial engineering 107:129 interfacial engineering via amine-functionalization 107:157 Improved mechanical properties of polylactide nanocomposites-reinforced with cellulose nanofibrils through interfacial engineering via amine-functionalization. 26256177 4 27 theme dendritic 823:831 arg1 polyamidoamine 833:846 dendritic polyamidoamine 823:846 dendritic polyamidoamine (PAMAM) 823:854 To further increase the amine density (mCNF-G2), dendritic polyamidoamine (PAMAM) was grafted onto mCNF-G1 by the Michael addition of methacrylate onto mCNF-G1, followed by the transamidation of the ester groups of methacrylate using ethylenediamine. 26256177 4 27 theme dendritic 823:831 arg1 PAMAM 849:853 PAMAM 849:853 PAMAM 849:853 To further increase the amine density (mCNF-G2), dendritic polyamidoamine (PAMAM) was grafted onto mCNF-G1 by the Michael addition of methacrylate onto mCNF-G1, followed by the transamidation of the ester groups of methacrylate using ethylenediamine. 26256177 5 28 theme PLLA 1206:1209 arg1 matrix 1211:1216 the PLLA matrix 1202:1216 the PLLA matrix due to the grafting of PLLA chains via aminolysis 1202:1266 Compared to native CNF-reinforced, poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) nanocomposites, amine-functionalized CNF exhibited significantly improved dispersion and interfacial properties within the PLLA matrix due to the grafting of PLLA chains via aminolysis. 26256177 5 29 dep nanocomposites 1083:1096 arg1 PLLA 1077:1080 PLLA 1077:1080 PLLA 1077:1080 Compared to native CNF-reinforced, poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) nanocomposites, amine-functionalized CNF exhibited significantly improved dispersion and interfacial properties within the PLLA matrix due to the grafting of PLLA chains via aminolysis. 26256177 5 29 dep nanocomposites 1083:1096 arg1 poly 1060:1063 poly 1060:1063 poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) 1060:1081 Compared to native CNF-reinforced, poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) nanocomposites, amine-functionalized CNF exhibited significantly improved dispersion and interfacial properties within the PLLA matrix due to the grafting of PLLA chains via aminolysis. 26256177 5 29 dep nanocomposites 1083:1096 arg1 l-lactide 1065:1073 l-lactide 1065:1073 l-lactide 1065:1073 Compared to native CNF-reinforced, poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) nanocomposites, amine-functionalized CNF exhibited significantly improved dispersion and interfacial properties within the PLLA matrix due to the grafting of PLLA chains via aminolysis. 26256177 0 30 theme Improved 0:7 arg1 properties 20:29 Improved mechanical properties 0:29 Improved mechanical properties of polylactide 0:44 Improved mechanical properties of polylactide nanocomposites-reinforced with cellulose nanofibrils through interfacial engineering via amine-functionalization. 26256177 1 31 theme mechanical 326:335 arg1 vibrations 337:346 mechanical vibrations 326:346 mechanical vibrations 326:346 One of the main factors responsible for the mechanical and physical properties of nanocomposites is the effectiveness of the interfacial region to transfer loads and mechanical vibrations between the nano-reinforcements and the matrix. 26256177 6 32 theme % 1322:1322 arg1 mCNF-G1 1324:1330 15% mCNF-G1 1320:1330 15% mCNF-G1 leading to a crystallinity of 32.5%, compared to 0.1 and 8.7% for neat PLLA and native CNF-reinforced composites 1320:1443 It is also a more effective nucleating agent, with 15% mCNF-G1 leading to a crystallinity of 32.5%, compared to 0.1 and 8.7% for neat PLLA and native CNF-reinforced composites. 26256177 3 33 from silylation 676:685 arg1 surface 721:727 the CNF surface 713:727 the CNF surface using 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) 713:771 In this study, amine-functionalized cellulose nanofibrils (mCNF-G1) were synthesized via silylation of the hydroxyl groups on the CNF surface using 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS). 26256177 5 34 theme native 1037:1042 arg1 nanocomposites 1083:1096 native CNF-reinforced, poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) nanocomposites 1037:1096 nanocomposites 1083:1096 Compared to native CNF-reinforced, poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) nanocomposites, amine-functionalized CNF exhibited significantly improved dispersion and interfacial properties within the PLLA matrix due to the grafting of PLLA chains via aminolysis. 26256177 1 35 theme nanocomposites 242:255 arg1 properties 228:237 the mechanical and physical properties 200:237 the mechanical and physical properties of nanocomposites 200:255 One of the main factors responsible for the mechanical and physical properties of nanocomposites is the effectiveness of the interfacial region to transfer loads and mechanical vibrations between the nano-reinforcements and the matrix. 26256177 3 36 theme amine-functionalized 602:621 arg1 mCNF-G1 646:652 mCNF-G1 646:652 mCNF-G1 646:652 In this study, amine-functionalized cellulose nanofibrils (mCNF-G1) were synthesized via silylation of the hydroxyl groups on the CNF surface using 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS). 26256177 3 36 theme amine-functionalized 602:621 arg1 nanofibrils 633:643 amine-functionalized cellulose nanofibrils 602:643 amine-functionalized cellulose nanofibrils (mCNF-G1) 602:653 In this study, amine-functionalized cellulose nanofibrils (mCNF-G1) were synthesized via silylation of the hydroxyl groups on the CNF surface using 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS). 26256177 4 37 theme methacrylate 989:1000 arg1 groups 979:984 the ester groups 969:984 the ester groups of methacrylate using ethylenediamine 969:1022 To further increase the amine density (mCNF-G2), dendritic polyamidoamine (PAMAM) was grafted onto mCNF-G1 by the Michael addition of methacrylate onto mCNF-G1, followed by the transamidation of the ester groups of methacrylate using ethylenediamine. 26256177 4 37 theme methacrylate 989:1000 arg1 methacrylate 989:1000 methacrylate 989:1000 methacrylate using ethylenediamine 989:1022 To further increase the amine density (mCNF-G2), dendritic polyamidoamine (PAMAM) was grafted onto mCNF-G1 by the Michael addition of methacrylate onto mCNF-G1, followed by the transamidation of the ester groups of methacrylate using ethylenediamine. 26256177 5 38 theme CNF-reinforced 1044:1057 arg1 nanocomposites 1083:1096 native CNF-reinforced, poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) nanocomposites 1037:1096 nanocomposites 1083:1096 Compared to native CNF-reinforced, poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) nanocomposites, amine-functionalized CNF exhibited significantly improved dispersion and interfacial properties within the PLLA matrix due to the grafting of PLLA chains via aminolysis. 26256177 4 39 dep grafted 860:866 arg1 followed 935:942 followed 935:942 followed by the transamidation of the ester groups of methacrylate using ethylenediamine 935:1022 To further increase the amine density (mCNF-G2), dendritic polyamidoamine (PAMAM) was grafted onto mCNF-G1 by the Michael addition of methacrylate onto mCNF-G1, followed by the transamidation of the ester groups of methacrylate using ethylenediamine. 26256177 9 40 theme material 1931:1938 arg1 applications 1940:1951 future renewable material applications 1914:1951 future renewable material applications 1914:1951 These results demonstrate the potential of optimized amine-functionalized CNF for future renewable material applications. 26256177 5 41 theme interfacial 1172:1182 arg1 properties 1184:1193 significantly improved dispersion and interfacial properties 1134:1193 properties 1184:1193 Compared to native CNF-reinforced, poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) nanocomposites, amine-functionalized CNF exhibited significantly improved dispersion and interfacial properties within the PLLA matrix due to the grafting of PLLA chains via aminolysis. 26256177 6 42 theme 15 1320:1321 arg1 % 1322:1322 % 1322:1322 % 1322:1322 It is also a more effective nucleating agent, with 15% mCNF-G1 leading to a crystallinity of 32.5%, compared to 0.1 and 8.7% for neat PLLA and native CNF-reinforced composites. 26256177 9 43 theme renewable 1921:1929 arg1 applications 1940:1951 future renewable material applications 1914:1951 future renewable material applications 1914:1951 These results demonstrate the potential of optimized amine-functionalized CNF for future renewable material applications. 26256177 2 44 theme polymer 484:490 arg1 nanocomposites 492:505 polymer nanocomposites 484:505 polymer nanocomposites in order to maximize their potential in structural and functional applications 484:584 Surface functionalization has been the preferred approach to engineer the interfaces in polymer nanocomposites in order to maximize their potential in structural and functional applications. 26256177 2 45 theme structural 547:556 arg1 applications 573:584 structural and functional applications 547:584 structural and functional applications 547:584 Surface functionalization has been the preferred approach to engineer the interfaces in polymer nanocomposites in order to maximize their potential in structural and functional applications. 26256177 5 46 theme PLLA 1241:1244 arg1 chains 1246:1251 PLLA chains 1241:1251 PLLA chains 1241:1251 Compared to native CNF-reinforced, poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) nanocomposites, amine-functionalized CNF exhibited significantly improved dispersion and interfacial properties within the PLLA matrix due to the grafting of PLLA chains via aminolysis. 26256177 0 47 theme polylactide 34:44 arg1 properties 20:29 Improved mechanical properties 0:29 Improved mechanical properties of polylactide 0:44 Improved mechanical properties of polylactide nanocomposites-reinforced with cellulose nanofibrils through interfacial engineering via amine-functionalization. 26256177 8 48 theme PLLA 1799:1802 arg1 degradation 1804:1814 PLLA degradation 1799:1814 PLLA degradation via aminolysis 1799:1829 However, we also found that excessive amines on the CNF surface (i.e., mCNF-G2) resulted in decreased tensile strength and modulus due to PLLA degradation via aminolysis. 26256177 3 49 theme hydroxyl 694:701 arg1 groups 703:708 the hydroxyl groups 690:708 the hydroxyl groups on the CNF surface using 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) 690:771 In this study, amine-functionalized cellulose nanofibrils (mCNF-G1) were synthesized via silylation of the hydroxyl groups on the CNF surface using 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS). 26256177 8 50 theme decreased 1753:1761 arg1 strength 1771:1778 decreased tensile strength 1753:1778 decreased tensile strength 1753:1778 However, we also found that excessive amines on the CNF surface (i.e., mCNF-G2) resulted in decreased tensile strength and modulus due to PLLA degradation via aminolysis. 26256177 6 51 theme % 1366:1366 arg1 crystallinity 1345:1357 a crystallinity 1343:1357 a crystallinity of 32.5%, compared to 0.1 and 8.7% for neat PLLA and native CNF-reinforced composites 1343:1443 It is also a more effective nucleating agent, with 15% mCNF-G1 leading to a crystallinity of 32.5%, compared to 0.1 and 8.7% for neat PLLA and native CNF-reinforced composites. 26256177 0 52 theme cellulose 77:85 arg1 nanofibrils 87:97 cellulose nanofibrils 77:97 cellulose nanofibrils 77:97 Improved mechanical properties of polylactide nanocomposites-reinforced with cellulose nanofibrils through interfacial engineering via amine-functionalization. 26256177 5 53 theme chains 1246:1251 arg1 grafting 1229:1236 the grafting 1225:1236 the grafting of PLLA chains via aminolysis 1225:1266 Compared to native CNF-reinforced, poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) nanocomposites, amine-functionalized CNF exhibited significantly improved dispersion and interfacial properties within the PLLA matrix due to the grafting of PLLA chains via aminolysis. 26256177 4 54 theme ester 973:977 arg1 groups 979:984 the ester groups 969:984 the ester groups of methacrylate using ethylenediamine 969:1022 To further increase the amine density (mCNF-G2), dendritic polyamidoamine (PAMAM) was grafted onto mCNF-G1 by the Michael addition of methacrylate onto mCNF-G1, followed by the transamidation of the ester groups of methacrylate using ethylenediamine. 26256177 4 54 theme ester 973:977 arg1 methacrylate 989:1000 methacrylate 989:1000 methacrylate using ethylenediamine 989:1022 To further increase the amine density (mCNF-G2), dendritic polyamidoamine (PAMAM) was grafted onto mCNF-G1 by the Michael addition of methacrylate onto mCNF-G1, followed by the transamidation of the ester groups of methacrylate using ethylenediamine. 26256177 7 55 theme % 1628:1628 arg1 increase 1630:1637 >100% increase 1624:1637 >100% increase 1624:1637 We have demonstrated that APTMS-functionalized CNF (mCNF-G1) significantly improved the tensile strength compared to native CNF, with 10% mCNF-G1 being the most effective (i.e., >100% increase in tensile strength). 26256177 4 56 theme methacrylate 908:919 arg1 addition 896:903 the Michael addition 884:903 the Michael addition of methacrylate 884:919 To further increase the amine density (mCNF-G2), dendritic polyamidoamine (PAMAM) was grafted onto mCNF-G1 by the Michael addition of methacrylate onto mCNF-G1, followed by the transamidation of the ester groups of methacrylate using ethylenediamine. 26256177 6 57 theme native 1412:1417 arg1 composites 1434:1443 native CNF-reinforced composites 1412:1443 native CNF-reinforced composites 1412:1443 It is also a more effective nucleating agent, with 15% mCNF-G1 leading to a crystallinity of 32.5%, compared to 0.1 and 8.7% for neat PLLA and native CNF-reinforced composites. 26256177 2 58 from interfaces 470:479 arg1 nanocomposites 492:505 polymer nanocomposites 484:505 polymer nanocomposites in order to maximize their potential in structural and functional applications 484:584 Surface functionalization has been the preferred approach to engineer the interfaces in polymer nanocomposites in order to maximize their potential in structural and functional applications. 26256177 8 59 theme tensile 1763:1769 arg1 strength 1771:1778 decreased tensile strength 1753:1778 decreased tensile strength 1753:1778 However, we also found that excessive amines on the CNF surface (i.e., mCNF-G2) resulted in decreased tensile strength and modulus due to PLLA degradation via aminolysis. 26256177 7 60 theme native 1563:1568 arg1 CNF 1570:1572 native CNF 1563:1572 native CNF 1563:1572 We have demonstrated that APTMS-functionalized CNF (mCNF-G1) significantly improved the tensile strength compared to native CNF, with 10% mCNF-G1 being the most effective (i.e., >100% increase in tensile strength). 26256177 6 61 theme nucleating 1297:1306 arg1 It 1269:1270 It 1269:1270 It 1269:1270 It is also a more effective nucleating agent, with 15% mCNF-G1 leading to a crystallinity of 32.5%, compared to 0.1 and 8.7% for neat PLLA and native CNF-reinforced composites. 26256177 6 61 theme nucleating 1297:1306 arg1 agent 1308:1312 a more effective nucleating agent 1280:1312 a more effective nucleating agent 1280:1312 It is also a more effective nucleating agent, with 15% mCNF-G1 leading to a crystallinity of 32.5%, compared to 0.1 and 8.7% for neat PLLA and native CNF-reinforced composites. 26256177 4 62 theme Michael 888:894 arg1 addition 896:903 the Michael addition 884:903 the Michael addition of methacrylate 884:919 To further increase the amine density (mCNF-G2), dendritic polyamidoamine (PAMAM) was grafted onto mCNF-G1 by the Michael addition of methacrylate onto mCNF-G1, followed by the transamidation of the ester groups of methacrylate using ethylenediamine. 26256177 1 63 theme main 171:174 arg1 factors 176:182 the main factors 167:182 the main factors responsible for the mechanical and physical properties of nanocomposites 167:255 One of the main factors responsible for the mechanical and physical properties of nanocomposites is the effectiveness of the interfacial region to transfer loads and mechanical vibrations between the nano-reinforcements and the matrix. 26256177 8 64 from amines 1699:1704 arg1 surface 1717:1723 the CNF surface 1709:1723 the CNF surface 1709:1723 However, we also found that excessive amines on the CNF surface (i.e., mCNF-G2) resulted in decreased tensile strength and modulus due to PLLA degradation via aminolysis. 26256177 7 65 theme >100 1624:1627 arg1 % 1628:1628 % 1628:1628 % 1628:1628 We have demonstrated that APTMS-functionalized CNF (mCNF-G1) significantly improved the tensile strength compared to native CNF, with 10% mCNF-G1 being the most effective (i.e., >100% increase in tensile strength). 26256177 4 66 theme groups 979:984 arg1 transamidation 951:964 the transamidation 947:964 the transamidation of the ester groups of methacrylate using ethylenediamine 947:1022 To further increase the amine density (mCNF-G2), dendritic polyamidoamine (PAMAM) was grafted onto mCNF-G1 by the Michael addition of methacrylate onto mCNF-G1, followed by the transamidation of the ester groups of methacrylate using ethylenediamine. 26256177 5 67 theme improved 1148:1155 arg1 dispersion 1157:1166 significantly improved dispersion and interfacial properties 1134:1193 dispersion 1157:1166 Compared to native CNF-reinforced, poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) nanocomposites, amine-functionalized CNF exhibited significantly improved dispersion and interfacial properties within the PLLA matrix due to the grafting of PLLA chains via aminolysis. 26256177 3 68 theme CNF 717:719 arg1 surface 721:727 the CNF surface 713:727 the CNF surface using 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) 713:771 In this study, amine-functionalized cellulose nanofibrils (mCNF-G1) were synthesized via silylation of the hydroxyl groups on the CNF surface using 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS). 26256177 1 69 theme factors 176:182 arg1 effectiveness 264:276 the effectiveness 260:276 the effectiveness of the interfacial region to transfer loads and mechanical vibrations between the nano-reinforcements and the matrix 260:393 One of the main factors responsible for the mechanical and physical properties of nanocomposites is the effectiveness of the interfacial region to transfer loads and mechanical vibrations between the nano-reinforcements and the matrix. 26256177 1 69 theme factors 176:182 arg1 factors 176:182 the main factors 167:182 the main factors responsible for the mechanical and physical properties of nanocomposites 167:255 One of the main factors responsible for the mechanical and physical properties of nanocomposites is the effectiveness of the interfacial region to transfer loads and mechanical vibrations between the nano-reinforcements and the matrix. 26256177 1 69 theme factors 176:182 arg1 One 160:162 One 160:162 One 160:162 One of the main factors responsible for the mechanical and physical properties of nanocomposites is the effectiveness of the interfacial region to transfer loads and mechanical vibrations between the nano-reinforcements and the matrix. 26256177 2 70 theme Surface 396:402 arg1 functionalization 404:420 Surface functionalization 396:420 Surface functionalization 396:420 Surface functionalization has been the preferred approach to engineer the interfaces in polymer nanocomposites in order to maximize their potential in structural and functional applications. 26256177 2 70 theme Surface 396:402 arg1 approach 445:452 the preferred approach 431:452 the preferred approach to engineer the interfaces in polymer nanocomposites in order to maximize their potential in structural and functional applications 431:584 Surface functionalization has been the preferred approach to engineer the interfaces in polymer nanocomposites in order to maximize their potential in structural and functional applications. 26256177 9 71 theme future 1914:1919 arg1 applications 1940:1951 future renewable material applications 1914:1951 future renewable material applications 1914:1951 These results demonstrate the potential of optimized amine-functionalized CNF for future renewable material applications. 26256177 3 72 theme groups 703:708 arg1 silylation 676:685 silylation 676:685 silylation of the hydroxyl groups on the CNF surface using 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) 676:771 In this study, amine-functionalized cellulose nanofibrils (mCNF-G1) were synthesized via silylation of the hydroxyl groups on the CNF surface using 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS). 26256177 9 73 theme amine-functionalized 1885:1904 arg1 CNF 1906:1908 optimized amine-functionalized CNF 1875:1908 optimized amine-functionalized CNF 1875:1908 These results demonstrate the potential of optimized amine-functionalized CNF for future renewable material applications. 26256177 1 74 theme responsible 184:194 arg1 factors 176:182 the main factors 167:182 the main factors responsible for the mechanical and physical properties of nanocomposites 167:255 One of the main factors responsible for the mechanical and physical properties of nanocomposites is the effectiveness of the interfacial region to transfer loads and mechanical vibrations between the nano-reinforcements and the matrix. 26256177 9 75 theme optimized 1875:1883 arg1 CNF 1906:1908 optimized amine-functionalized CNF 1875:1908 optimized amine-functionalized CNF 1875:1908 These results demonstrate the potential of optimized amine-functionalized CNF for future renewable material applications. 26256177 1 76 theme interfacial 285:295 arg1 region 297:302 the interfacial region 281:302 the interfacial region to transfer loads and mechanical vibrations between the nano-reinforcements and the matrix 281:393 One of the main factors responsible for the mechanical and physical properties of nanocomposites is the effectiveness of the interfacial region to transfer loads and mechanical vibrations between the nano-reinforcements and the matrix. 26256177 2 77 theme preferred 435:443 arg1 functionalization 404:420 Surface functionalization 396:420 Surface functionalization 396:420 Surface functionalization has been the preferred approach to engineer the interfaces in polymer nanocomposites in order to maximize their potential in structural and functional applications. 26256177 2 77 theme preferred 435:443 arg1 approach 445:452 the preferred approach 431:452 the preferred approach to engineer the interfaces in polymer nanocomposites in order to maximize their potential in structural and functional applications 431:584 Surface functionalization has been the preferred approach to engineer the interfaces in polymer nanocomposites in order to maximize their potential in structural and functional applications. 26256177 7 78 theme tensile 1642:1648 arg1 strength 1650:1657 tensile strength 1642:1657 tensile strength 1642:1657 We have demonstrated that APTMS-functionalized CNF (mCNF-G1) significantly improved the tensile strength compared to native CNF, with 10% mCNF-G1 being the most effective (i.e., >100% increase in tensile strength). 26256177 1 79 theme region 297:302 arg1 One 160:162 One 160:162 One 160:162 One of the main factors responsible for the mechanical and physical properties of nanocomposites is the effectiveness of the interfacial region to transfer loads and mechanical vibrations between the nano-reinforcements and the matrix. 26256177 1 79 theme region 297:302 arg1 factors 176:182 the main factors 167:182 the main factors responsible for the mechanical and physical properties of nanocomposites 167:255 One of the main factors responsible for the mechanical and physical properties of nanocomposites is the effectiveness of the interfacial region to transfer loads and mechanical vibrations between the nano-reinforcements and the matrix. 26256177 1 79 theme region 297:302 arg1 effectiveness 264:276 the effectiveness 260:276 the effectiveness of the interfacial region to transfer loads and mechanical vibrations between the nano-reinforcements and the matrix 260:393 One of the main factors responsible for the mechanical and physical properties of nanocomposites is the effectiveness of the interfacial region to transfer loads and mechanical vibrations between the nano-reinforcements and the matrix. 24766388 4 0 theme composited 569:578 arg1 gels 580:583 the 7S-CMF composited gels 558:583 the 7S-CMF composited gels 558:583 The morphological and rheological characterizations of the 7S-CMF composited gels were done as a function of the protein and CMFs concentrations. 24766388 8 1 theme protein 991:997 arg1 role 983:986 The role 979:986 The role of protein 979:997 The role of protein was to participate in network development as an electrostatic coating and gelation component. 24766388 7 2 theme structural 939:948 arg1 rigidity 950:957 structural rigidity 939:957 structural rigidity 939:957 We inferred that the CMFs provided an initial framework for gel formation and added structural rigidity to the protein gel. 24766388 3 3 theme 7S 494:495 arg1 gel 498:500 a transglutaminase cross-linked β-conglycinin (7S) gel 447:500 a transglutaminase cross-linked β-conglycinin (7S) gel 447:500 The obtained CMFs bearing width of about 0.5-5 μm and length of more than 500 μm were then developed in a transglutaminase cross-linked β-conglycinin (7S) gel. 24766388 2 4 theme facile 271:276 arg1 approach 293:300 a facile microfluidizer approach 269:300 a facile microfluidizer approach 269:300 A stable positively charged chitin microfibers (CMFs) suspension was fabricated by a facile microfluidizer approach without changing its chemical structure. 24766388 4 5 theme gels 580:583 arg1 characterizations 537:553 The morphological and rheological characterizations 503:553 The morphological and rheological characterizations of the 7S-CMF composited gels 503:583 The morphological and rheological characterizations of the 7S-CMF composited gels were done as a function of the protein and CMFs concentrations. 24766388 4 5 theme gels 580:583 arg1 function 600:607 a function 598:607 a function of the protein and CMFs concentrations 598:646 The morphological and rheological characterizations of the 7S-CMF composited gels were done as a function of the protein and CMFs concentrations. 24766388 5 6 theme gel 715:717 arg1 strength 719:726 the gel strength 711:726 the gel strength 711:726 Results showed that the presence of the CMFs network improved the gel strength significantly. 24766388 8 7 theme network 1021:1027 arg1 development 1029:1039 network development 1021:1039 network development 1021:1039 The role of protein was to participate in network development as an electrostatic coating and gelation component. 24766388 4 8 theme concentrations 633:646 arg1 characterizations 537:553 The morphological and rheological characterizations 503:553 The morphological and rheological characterizations of the 7S-CMF composited gels 503:583 The morphological and rheological characterizations of the 7S-CMF composited gels were done as a function of the protein and CMFs concentrations. 24766388 4 8 theme concentrations 633:646 arg1 function 600:607 a function 598:607 a function of the protein and CMFs concentrations 598:646 The morphological and rheological characterizations of the 7S-CMF composited gels were done as a function of the protein and CMFs concentrations. 24766388 3 9 theme obtained 347:354 arg1 CMFs 356:359 The obtained CMFs 343:359 The obtained CMFs bearing width of about 0.5-5 μm and length of more than 500 μm 343:422 The obtained CMFs bearing width of about 0.5-5 μm and length of more than 500 μm were then developed in a transglutaminase cross-linked β-conglycinin (7S) gel. 24766388 7 10 theme gel 915:917 arg1 formation 919:927 gel formation 915:927 gel formation 915:927 We inferred that the CMFs provided an initial framework for gel formation and added structural rigidity to the protein gel. 24766388 1 11 theme food 169:172 arg1 system 178:183 the food gel system 165:183 the food gel system 165:183 To improve the gel strength, we attempt to introduce the microcomposite concept into the food gel system. 24766388 4 12 theme CMFs 628:631 arg1 concentrations 633:646 the protein and CMFs concentrations 612:646 concentrations 633:646 The morphological and rheological characterizations of the 7S-CMF composited gels were done as a function of the protein and CMFs concentrations. 24766388 1 13 theme gel 174:176 arg1 system 178:183 the food gel system 165:183 the food gel system 165:183 To improve the gel strength, we attempt to introduce the microcomposite concept into the food gel system. 24766388 0 14 theme Chitin 0:5 arg1 microfibers 7:17 Chitin microfibers 0:17 Chitin microfibers 0:17 Chitin microfibers reinforce soy protein gels cross-linked by transglutaminase. 24766388 1 15 theme gel 95:97 arg1 strength 99:106 the gel strength 91:106 the gel strength 91:106 To improve the gel strength, we attempt to introduce the microcomposite concept into the food gel system. 24766388 0 16 theme soy 29:31 arg1 gels 41:44 soy protein gels 29:44 soy protein gels cross-linked by transglutaminase 29:77 Chitin microfibers reinforce soy protein gels cross-linked by transglutaminase. 24766388 4 17 theme rheological 525:535 arg1 characterizations 537:553 The morphological and rheological characterizations 503:553 The morphological and rheological characterizations of the 7S-CMF composited gels 503:583 The morphological and rheological characterizations of the 7S-CMF composited gels were done as a function of the protein and CMFs concentrations. 24766388 4 17 theme rheological 525:535 arg1 function 600:607 a function 598:607 a function of the protein and CMFs concentrations 598:646 The morphological and rheological characterizations of the 7S-CMF composited gels were done as a function of the protein and CMFs concentrations. 24766388 8 18 theme electrostatic 1047:1059 arg1 coating 1061:1067 an electrostatic coating 1044:1067 an electrostatic coating 1044:1067 The role of protein was to participate in network development as an electrostatic coating and gelation component. 24766388 2 19 theme microfluidizer 278:291 arg1 approach 293:300 a facile microfluidizer approach 269:300 a facile microfluidizer approach 269:300 A stable positively charged chitin microfibers (CMFs) suspension was fabricated by a facile microfluidizer approach without changing its chemical structure. 24766388 5 20 theme CMFs 689:692 arg1 network 694:700 the CMFs network 685:700 the CMFs network 685:700 Results showed that the presence of the CMFs network improved the gel strength significantly. 24766388 6 21 theme microstructure 839:852 arg1 formation 805:813 the formation 801:813 the formation of a sponge-like porous microstructure 801:852 This effect was CMFs content dependent and was related to the formation of a sponge-like porous microstructure. 24766388 0 22 theme protein 33:39 arg1 gels 41:44 soy protein gels 29:44 soy protein gels cross-linked by transglutaminase 29:77 Chitin microfibers reinforce soy protein gels cross-linked by transglutaminase. 24766388 5 23 theme network 694:700 arg1 presence 673:680 the presence 669:680 the presence of the CMFs network 669:700 Results showed that the presence of the CMFs network improved the gel strength significantly. 24766388 6 24 theme porous 832:837 arg1 microstructure 839:852 a sponge-like porous microstructure 818:852 a sponge-like porous microstructure 818:852 This effect was CMFs content dependent and was related to the formation of a sponge-like porous microstructure. 24766388 2 25 theme microfibers 221:231 arg1 suspension 240:249 A stable positively charged chitin microfibers (CMFs) suspension 186:249 A stable positively charged chitin microfibers (CMFs) suspension 186:249 A stable positively charged chitin microfibers (CMFs) suspension was fabricated by a facile microfluidizer approach without changing its chemical structure. 24766388 4 26 theme protein 616:622 arg1 concentrations 633:646 the protein and CMFs concentrations 612:646 concentrations 633:646 The morphological and rheological characterizations of the 7S-CMF composited gels were done as a function of the protein and CMFs concentrations. 24766388 3 27 theme μm 390:391 arg1 width 369:373 width 369:373 width of about 0.5-5 μm 369:391 The obtained CMFs bearing width of about 0.5-5 μm and length of more than 500 μm were then developed in a transglutaminase cross-linked β-conglycinin (7S) gel. 24766388 3 27 theme μm 390:391 arg1 length 397:402 length 397:402 length of more than 500 μm 397:422 The obtained CMFs bearing width of about 0.5-5 μm and length of more than 500 μm were then developed in a transglutaminase cross-linked β-conglycinin (7S) gel. 24766388 6 28 theme sponge-like 820:830 arg1 microstructure 839:852 a sponge-like porous microstructure 818:852 a sponge-like porous microstructure 818:852 This effect was CMFs content dependent and was related to the formation of a sponge-like porous microstructure. 24766388 2 29 theme chitin 214:219 arg1 suspension 240:249 A stable positively charged chitin microfibers (CMFs) suspension 186:249 A stable positively charged chitin microfibers (CMFs) suspension 186:249 A stable positively charged chitin microfibers (CMFs) suspension was fabricated by a facile microfluidizer approach without changing its chemical structure. 24766388 3 30 theme cross-linked 466:477 arg1 gel 498:500 a transglutaminase cross-linked β-conglycinin (7S) gel 447:500 a transglutaminase cross-linked β-conglycinin (7S) gel 447:500 The obtained CMFs bearing width of about 0.5-5 μm and length of more than 500 μm were then developed in a transglutaminase cross-linked β-conglycinin (7S) gel. 24766388 8 31 theme gelation 1073:1080 arg1 component 1082:1090 gelation component 1073:1090 gelation component 1073:1090 The role of protein was to participate in network development as an electrostatic coating and gelation component. 24766388 2 32 theme charged 206:212 arg1 suspension 240:249 A stable positively charged chitin microfibers (CMFs) suspension 186:249 A stable positively charged chitin microfibers (CMFs) suspension 186:249 A stable positively charged chitin microfibers (CMFs) suspension was fabricated by a facile microfluidizer approach without changing its chemical structure. 24766388 3 33 theme β-conglycinin 479:491 arg1 gel 498:500 a transglutaminase cross-linked β-conglycinin (7S) gel 447:500 a transglutaminase cross-linked β-conglycinin (7S) gel 447:500 The obtained CMFs bearing width of about 0.5-5 μm and length of more than 500 μm were then developed in a transglutaminase cross-linked β-conglycinin (7S) gel. 24766388 4 34 theme morphological 507:519 arg1 characterizations 537:553 The morphological and rheological characterizations 503:553 The morphological and rheological characterizations of the 7S-CMF composited gels 503:583 The morphological and rheological characterizations of the 7S-CMF composited gels were done as a function of the protein and CMFs concentrations. 24766388 4 34 theme morphological 507:519 arg1 function 600:607 a function 598:607 a function of the protein and CMFs concentrations 598:646 The morphological and rheological characterizations of the 7S-CMF composited gels were done as a function of the protein and CMFs concentrations. 24766388 3 35 link cross-linked 466:477 arg1 gel 498:500 a transglutaminase cross-linked β-conglycinin (7S) gel 447:500 a transglutaminase cross-linked β-conglycinin (7S) gel 447:500 The obtained CMFs bearing width of about 0.5-5 μm and length of more than 500 μm were then developed in a transglutaminase cross-linked β-conglycinin (7S) gel. 24766388 2 36 theme stable 188:193 arg1 suspension 240:249 A stable positively charged chitin microfibers (CMFs) suspension 186:249 A stable positively charged chitin microfibers (CMFs) suspension 186:249 A stable positively charged chitin microfibers (CMFs) suspension was fabricated by a facile microfluidizer approach without changing its chemical structure. 24766388 2 37 theme chemical 323:330 arg1 structure 332:340 its chemical structure 319:340 its chemical structure 319:340 A stable positively charged chitin microfibers (CMFs) suspension was fabricated by a facile microfluidizer approach without changing its chemical structure. 24766388 7 38 theme initial 893:899 arg1 framework 901:909 an initial framework 890:909 an initial framework for gel formation 890:927 We inferred that the CMFs provided an initial framework for gel formation and added structural rigidity to the protein gel. 24766388 7 39 theme protein 966:972 arg1 gel 974:976 the protein gel 962:976 the protein gel 962:976 We inferred that the CMFs provided an initial framework for gel formation and added structural rigidity to the protein gel. 24766388 3 40 theme transglutaminase 449:464 arg1 gel 498:500 a transglutaminase cross-linked β-conglycinin (7S) gel 447:500 a transglutaminase cross-linked β-conglycinin (7S) gel 447:500 The obtained CMFs bearing width of about 0.5-5 μm and length of more than 500 μm were then developed in a transglutaminase cross-linked β-conglycinin (7S) gel. 24766388 3 41 theme μm 421:422 arg1 width 369:373 width 369:373 width of about 0.5-5 μm 369:391 The obtained CMFs bearing width of about 0.5-5 μm and length of more than 500 μm were then developed in a transglutaminase cross-linked β-conglycinin (7S) gel. 24766388 3 41 theme μm 421:422 arg1 length 397:402 length 397:402 length of more than 500 μm 397:422 The obtained CMFs bearing width of about 0.5-5 μm and length of more than 500 μm were then developed in a transglutaminase cross-linked β-conglycinin (7S) gel. 24766388 2 42 theme CMFs 234:237 arg1 suspension 240:249 A stable positively charged chitin microfibers (CMFs) suspension 186:249 A stable positively charged chitin microfibers (CMFs) suspension 186:249 A stable positively charged chitin microfibers (CMFs) suspension was fabricated by a facile microfluidizer approach without changing its chemical structure. 24766388 1 43 theme microcomposite 137:150 arg1 concept 152:158 the microcomposite concept 133:158 the microcomposite concept 133:158 To improve the gel strength, we attempt to introduce the microcomposite concept into the food gel system. 28482477 0 0 theme sustained 75:83 arg1 release 85:91 the sustained release 71:91 the sustained release of hydrophilic drugs 71:112 Stereocomplex poly(lactic acid) nanocoated chitosan microparticles for the sustained release of hydrophilic drugs. 28482477 2 1 theme layers 471:476 arg1 deposition 439:448 the step-by-step deposition 422:448 the step-by-step deposition of the stereocomplex layers onto chitosan 422:490 As first step, the quartz crystal microbalance technique was used to monitor the step-by-step deposition of the stereocomplex layers onto chitosan by evaluating the deposited mass for each layer. 28482477 1 2 theme chitosan 135:142 arg1 microparticles 150:163 novel chitosan based microparticles 129:163 novel chitosan based microparticles 129:163 In this work, novel chitosan based microparticles were developed by the layer-by-layer deposition of poly(lactic acid) stereocomplex films on their surface in the view of controlling the release of encapsulated hydrophilic drugs. 28482477 2 3 used used 406:409 arg2 step 354:357 first step 348:357 first step 348:357 As first step, the quartz crystal microbalance technique was used to monitor the step-by-step deposition of the stereocomplex layers onto chitosan by evaluating the deposited mass for each layer. 28482477 2 3 used used 406:409 arg2 technique 392:400 the quartz crystal microbalance technique 360:400 the quartz crystal microbalance technique 360:400 As first step, the quartz crystal microbalance technique was used to monitor the step-by-step deposition of the stereocomplex layers onto chitosan by evaluating the deposited mass for each layer. 28482477 2 4 theme stereocomplex 457:469 arg1 layers 471:476 the stereocomplex layers 453:476 the stereocomplex layers 453:476 As first step, the quartz crystal microbalance technique was used to monitor the step-by-step deposition of the stereocomplex layers onto chitosan by evaluating the deposited mass for each layer. 28482477 1 5 theme encapsulated 313:324 arg1 drugs 338:342 encapsulated hydrophilic drugs 313:342 encapsulated hydrophilic drugs 313:342 In this work, novel chitosan based microparticles were developed by the layer-by-layer deposition of poly(lactic acid) stereocomplex films on their surface in the view of controlling the release of encapsulated hydrophilic drugs. 28482477 1 6 theme based 144:148 arg1 microparticles 150:163 novel chitosan based microparticles 129:163 novel chitosan based microparticles 129:163 In this work, novel chitosan based microparticles were developed by the layer-by-layer deposition of poly(lactic acid) stereocomplex films on their surface in the view of controlling the release of encapsulated hydrophilic drugs. 28482477 1 7 theme stereocomplex 234:246 arg1 films 248:252 poly(lactic acid) stereocomplex films 216:252 poly(lactic acid) stereocomplex films 216:252 In this work, novel chitosan based microparticles were developed by the layer-by-layer deposition of poly(lactic acid) stereocomplex films on their surface in the view of controlling the release of encapsulated hydrophilic drugs. 28482477 2 8 theme deposited 510:518 arg1 mass 520:523 the deposited mass 506:523 the deposited mass for each layer 506:538 As first step, the quartz crystal microbalance technique was used to monitor the step-by-step deposition of the stereocomplex layers onto chitosan by evaluating the deposited mass for each layer. 28482477 1 9 theme hydrophilic 326:336 arg1 drugs 338:342 encapsulated hydrophilic drugs 313:342 encapsulated hydrophilic drugs 313:342 In this work, novel chitosan based microparticles were developed by the layer-by-layer deposition of poly(lactic acid) stereocomplex films on their surface in the view of controlling the release of encapsulated hydrophilic drugs. 28482477 4 10 theme Infrared 731:738 arg1 spectroscopy 740:751 Infrared spectroscopy 731:751 Infrared spectroscopy 731:751 Infrared spectroscopy, wide X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements were used to verify the effective poly(lactic acid) adsorption onto chitosan microparticles and the stereocomplex formation. 28482477 5 11 theme uncoated 1063:1070 arg1 microparticles 1101:1114 uncoated and stereocomplex-nanocoated microparticles 1063:1114 uncoated and stereocomplex-nanocoated microparticles 1063:1114 Finally, the release of a hydrophilic local anesthetic, procaine hydrochloride, from uncoated and stereocomplex-nanocoated microparticles was preliminary evaluated over a period of 15days. 28482477 1 12 theme films 248:252 arg1 deposition 202:211 the layer-by-layer deposition 183:211 the layer-by-layer deposition of poly(lactic acid) stereocomplex films on their surface in the view of controlling the release of encapsulated hydrophilic drugs 183:342 In this work, novel chitosan based microparticles were developed by the layer-by-layer deposition of poly(lactic acid) stereocomplex films on their surface in the view of controlling the release of encapsulated hydrophilic drugs. 28482477 1 13 theme drugs 338:342 arg1 release 302:308 the release 298:308 the release of encapsulated hydrophilic drugs 298:342 In this work, novel chitosan based microparticles were developed by the layer-by-layer deposition of poly(lactic acid) stereocomplex films on their surface in the view of controlling the release of encapsulated hydrophilic drugs. 28482477 0 14 theme drugs 108:112 arg1 release 85:91 the sustained release 71:91 the sustained release of hydrophilic drugs 71:112 Stereocomplex poly(lactic acid) nanocoated chitosan microparticles for the sustained release of hydrophilic drugs. 28482477 3 15 theme lactic 697:702 arg1 poly 692:695 poly 692:695 a poly(lactic acid) stereocomplex shell 690:728 Chitosan microparticles, with a size ranging between 40 and 90μm, were then produced by an aerodynamically-assisted jetting technique and covered by a poly(lactic acid) stereocomplex shell. 28482477 3 15 theme lactic 697:702 arg1 acid 704:707 lactic acid 697:707 lactic acid 697:707 Chitosan microparticles, with a size ranging between 40 and 90μm, were then produced by an aerodynamically-assisted jetting technique and covered by a poly(lactic acid) stereocomplex shell. 28482477 2 16 theme quartz 364:369 arg1 step 354:357 first step 348:357 first step 348:357 As first step, the quartz crystal microbalance technique was used to monitor the step-by-step deposition of the stereocomplex layers onto chitosan by evaluating the deposited mass for each layer. 28482477 2 16 theme quartz 364:369 arg1 technique 392:400 the quartz crystal microbalance technique 360:400 the quartz crystal microbalance technique 360:400 As first step, the quartz crystal microbalance technique was used to monitor the step-by-step deposition of the stereocomplex layers onto chitosan by evaluating the deposited mass for each layer. 28482477 0 17 theme hydrophilic 96:106 arg1 drugs 108:112 hydrophilic drugs 96:112 hydrophilic drugs 96:112 Stereocomplex poly(lactic acid) nanocoated chitosan microparticles for the sustained release of hydrophilic drugs. 28482477 5 18 from microparticles 1101:1114 arg1 release 991:997 the release 987:997 the release of a hydrophilic local anesthetic, procaine hydrochloride, from uncoated and stereocomplex-nanocoated microparticles 987:1114 Finally, the release of a hydrophilic local anesthetic, procaine hydrochloride, from uncoated and stereocomplex-nanocoated microparticles was preliminary evaluated over a period of 15days. 28482477 3 19 theme poly 692:695 arg1 shell 724:728 a poly(lactic acid) stereocomplex shell 690:728 a poly(lactic acid) stereocomplex shell 690:728 Chitosan microparticles, with a size ranging between 40 and 90μm, were then produced by an aerodynamically-assisted jetting technique and covered by a poly(lactic acid) stereocomplex shell. 28482477 4 20 theme angle 834:838 arg1 measurements 840:851 contact angle measurements 826:851 contact angle measurements 826:851 Infrared spectroscopy, wide X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements were used to verify the effective poly(lactic acid) adsorption onto chitosan microparticles and the stereocomplex formation. 28482477 4 21 used used 858:861 arg2 microscopy 811:820 field emission scanning electron microscopy 778:820 field emission scanning electron microscopy 778:820 Infrared spectroscopy, wide X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements were used to verify the effective poly(lactic acid) adsorption onto chitosan microparticles and the stereocomplex formation. 28482477 4 21 used used 858:861 arg2 spectroscopy 740:751 Infrared spectroscopy 731:751 Infrared spectroscopy 731:751 Infrared spectroscopy, wide X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements were used to verify the effective poly(lactic acid) adsorption onto chitosan microparticles and the stereocomplex formation. 28482477 4 21 used used 858:861 arg2 measurements 840:851 contact angle measurements 826:851 contact angle measurements 826:851 Infrared spectroscopy, wide X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements were used to verify the effective poly(lactic acid) adsorption onto chitosan microparticles and the stereocomplex formation. 28482477 4 21 used used 858:861 arg2 diffraction 765:775 wide X-ray diffraction 754:775 wide X-ray diffraction 754:775 Infrared spectroscopy, wide X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements were used to verify the effective poly(lactic acid) adsorption onto chitosan microparticles and the stereocomplex formation. 28482477 5 22 theme stereocomplex-nanocoated 1076:1099 arg1 microparticles 1101:1114 uncoated and stereocomplex-nanocoated microparticles 1063:1114 uncoated and stereocomplex-nanocoated microparticles 1063:1114 Finally, the release of a hydrophilic local anesthetic, procaine hydrochloride, from uncoated and stereocomplex-nanocoated microparticles was preliminary evaluated over a period of 15days. 28482477 0 23 theme Stereocomplex 0:12 arg1 poly 14:17 Stereocomplex poly 0:17 Stereocomplex poly(lactic acid) 0:30 Stereocomplex poly(lactic acid) nanocoated chitosan microparticles for the sustained release of hydrophilic drugs. 28482477 0 23 theme Stereocomplex 0:12 arg1 acid 26:29 lactic acid 19:29 lactic acid 19:29 Stereocomplex poly(lactic acid) nanocoated chitosan microparticles for the sustained release of hydrophilic drugs. 28482477 3 24 theme stereocomplex 710:722 arg1 shell 724:728 a poly(lactic acid) stereocomplex shell 690:728 a poly(lactic acid) stereocomplex shell 690:728 Chitosan microparticles, with a size ranging between 40 and 90μm, were then produced by an aerodynamically-assisted jetting technique and covered by a poly(lactic acid) stereocomplex shell. 28482477 1 25 from surface 263:269 arg1 view 278:281 the view 274:281 the view of controlling the release of encapsulated hydrophilic drugs 274:342 In this work, novel chitosan based microparticles were developed by the layer-by-layer deposition of poly(lactic acid) stereocomplex films on their surface in the view of controlling the release of encapsulated hydrophilic drugs. 28482477 5 26 theme local 1016:1020 arg1 anesthetic 1022:1031 a hydrophilic local anesthetic 1002:1031 a hydrophilic local anesthetic 1002:1031 Finally, the release of a hydrophilic local anesthetic, procaine hydrochloride, from uncoated and stereocomplex-nanocoated microparticles was preliminary evaluated over a period of 15days. 28482477 5 26 theme local 1016:1020 arg1 hydrochloride 1043:1055 procaine hydrochloride 1034:1055 procaine hydrochloride 1034:1055 Finally, the release of a hydrophilic local anesthetic, procaine hydrochloride, from uncoated and stereocomplex-nanocoated microparticles was preliminary evaluated over a period of 15days. 28482477 0 27 theme lactic 19:24 arg1 poly 14:17 Stereocomplex poly 0:17 Stereocomplex poly(lactic acid) 0:30 Stereocomplex poly(lactic acid) nanocoated chitosan microparticles for the sustained release of hydrophilic drugs. 28482477 0 27 theme lactic 19:24 arg1 acid 26:29 lactic acid 19:29 lactic acid 19:29 Stereocomplex poly(lactic acid) nanocoated chitosan microparticles for the sustained release of hydrophilic drugs. 28482477 4 28 theme chitosan 921:928 arg1 microparticles 930:943 chitosan microparticles 921:943 chitosan microparticles 921:943 Infrared spectroscopy, wide X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements were used to verify the effective poly(lactic acid) adsorption onto chitosan microparticles and the stereocomplex formation. 28482477 5 29 theme hydrophilic 1004:1014 arg1 anesthetic 1022:1031 a hydrophilic local anesthetic 1002:1031 a hydrophilic local anesthetic 1002:1031 Finally, the release of a hydrophilic local anesthetic, procaine hydrochloride, from uncoated and stereocomplex-nanocoated microparticles was preliminary evaluated over a period of 15days. 28482477 5 29 theme hydrophilic 1004:1014 arg1 hydrochloride 1043:1055 procaine hydrochloride 1034:1055 procaine hydrochloride 1034:1055 Finally, the release of a hydrophilic local anesthetic, procaine hydrochloride, from uncoated and stereocomplex-nanocoated microparticles was preliminary evaluated over a period of 15days. 28482477 3 30 theme Chitosan 541:548 arg1 microparticles 550:563 Chitosan microparticles 541:563 Chitosan microparticles 541:563 Chitosan microparticles, with a size ranging between 40 and 90μm, were then produced by an aerodynamically-assisted jetting technique and covered by a poly(lactic acid) stereocomplex shell. 28482477 1 31 theme layer-by-layer 187:200 arg1 deposition 202:211 the layer-by-layer deposition 183:211 the layer-by-layer deposition of poly(lactic acid) stereocomplex films on their surface in the view of controlling the release of encapsulated hydrophilic drugs 183:342 In this work, novel chitosan based microparticles were developed by the layer-by-layer deposition of poly(lactic acid) stereocomplex films on their surface in the view of controlling the release of encapsulated hydrophilic drugs. 28482477 4 32 theme emission 784:791 arg1 microscopy 811:820 field emission scanning electron microscopy 778:820 field emission scanning electron microscopy 778:820 Infrared spectroscopy, wide X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements were used to verify the effective poly(lactic acid) adsorption onto chitosan microparticles and the stereocomplex formation. 28482477 2 33 theme microbalance 379:390 arg1 step 354:357 first step 348:357 first step 348:357 As first step, the quartz crystal microbalance technique was used to monitor the step-by-step deposition of the stereocomplex layers onto chitosan by evaluating the deposited mass for each layer. 28482477 2 33 theme microbalance 379:390 arg1 technique 392:400 the quartz crystal microbalance technique 360:400 the quartz crystal microbalance technique 360:400 As first step, the quartz crystal microbalance technique was used to monitor the step-by-step deposition of the stereocomplex layers onto chitosan by evaluating the deposited mass for each layer. 28482477 4 34 theme stereocomplex 953:965 arg1 formation 967:975 the stereocomplex formation 949:975 the stereocomplex formation 949:975 Infrared spectroscopy, wide X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements were used to verify the effective poly(lactic acid) adsorption onto chitosan microparticles and the stereocomplex formation. 28482477 3 35 with microparticles 550:563 arg1 size 573:576 a size 571:576 a size ranging between 40 and 90μm 571:604 Chitosan microparticles, with a size ranging between 40 and 90μm, were then produced by an aerodynamically-assisted jetting technique and covered by a poly(lactic acid) stereocomplex shell. 28482477 1 36 from deposition 202:211 arg1 surface 263:269 their surface 257:269 their surface in the view of controlling the release of encapsulated hydrophilic drugs 257:342 In this work, novel chitosan based microparticles were developed by the layer-by-layer deposition of poly(lactic acid) stereocomplex films on their surface in the view of controlling the release of encapsulated hydrophilic drugs. 28482477 2 37 theme crystal 371:377 arg1 step 354:357 first step 348:357 first step 348:357 As first step, the quartz crystal microbalance technique was used to monitor the step-by-step deposition of the stereocomplex layers onto chitosan by evaluating the deposited mass for each layer. 28482477 2 37 theme crystal 371:377 arg1 technique 392:400 the quartz crystal microbalance technique 360:400 the quartz crystal microbalance technique 360:400 As first step, the quartz crystal microbalance technique was used to monitor the step-by-step deposition of the stereocomplex layers onto chitosan by evaluating the deposited mass for each layer. 28482477 0 38 theme chitosan 43:50 arg1 microparticles 52:65 chitosan microparticles 43:65 chitosan microparticles for the sustained release of hydrophilic drugs 43:112 Stereocomplex poly(lactic acid) nanocoated chitosan microparticles for the sustained release of hydrophilic drugs. 28482477 5 39 theme anesthetic 1022:1031 arg1 release 991:997 the release 987:997 the release of a hydrophilic local anesthetic, procaine hydrochloride, from uncoated and stereocomplex-nanocoated microparticles 987:1114 Finally, the release of a hydrophilic local anesthetic, procaine hydrochloride, from uncoated and stereocomplex-nanocoated microparticles was preliminary evaluated over a period of 15days. 28482477 4 40 theme electron 802:809 arg1 microscopy 811:820 field emission scanning electron microscopy 778:820 field emission scanning electron microscopy 778:820 Infrared spectroscopy, wide X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements were used to verify the effective poly(lactic acid) adsorption onto chitosan microparticles and the stereocomplex formation. 28482477 4 41 theme contact 826:832 arg1 measurements 840:851 contact angle measurements 826:851 contact angle measurements 826:851 Infrared spectroscopy, wide X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements were used to verify the effective poly(lactic acid) adsorption onto chitosan microparticles and the stereocomplex formation. 28482477 2 42 theme step-by-step 426:437 arg1 deposition 439:448 the step-by-step deposition 422:448 the step-by-step deposition of the stereocomplex layers onto chitosan 422:490 As first step, the quartz crystal microbalance technique was used to monitor the step-by-step deposition of the stereocomplex layers onto chitosan by evaluating the deposited mass for each layer. 28482477 5 43 theme 15days 1159:1164 arg1 period 1149:1154 a period 1147:1154 a period of 15days 1147:1164 Finally, the release of a hydrophilic local anesthetic, procaine hydrochloride, from uncoated and stereocomplex-nanocoated microparticles was preliminary evaluated over a period of 15days. 28482477 4 44 theme lactic 892:897 arg1 poly 887:890 poly 887:890 the effective poly(lactic acid) adsorption onto chitosan microparticles 873:943 Infrared spectroscopy, wide X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements were used to verify the effective poly(lactic acid) adsorption onto chitosan microparticles and the stereocomplex formation. 28482477 4 44 theme lactic 892:897 arg1 acid 899:902 lactic acid 892:902 lactic acid 892:902 Infrared spectroscopy, wide X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements were used to verify the effective poly(lactic acid) adsorption onto chitosan microparticles and the stereocomplex formation. 28482477 3 45 theme aerodynamically-assisted 632:655 arg1 technique 665:673 an aerodynamically-assisted jetting technique 629:673 an aerodynamically-assisted jetting technique 629:673 Chitosan microparticles, with a size ranging between 40 and 90μm, were then produced by an aerodynamically-assisted jetting technique and covered by a poly(lactic acid) stereocomplex shell. 28482477 4 46 theme scanning 793:800 arg1 microscopy 811:820 field emission scanning electron microscopy 778:820 field emission scanning electron microscopy 778:820 Infrared spectroscopy, wide X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements were used to verify the effective poly(lactic acid) adsorption onto chitosan microparticles and the stereocomplex formation. 28482477 4 47 theme poly 887:890 arg1 adsorption 905:914 the effective poly(lactic acid) adsorption 873:914 the effective poly(lactic acid) adsorption onto chitosan microparticles 873:943 Infrared spectroscopy, wide X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements were used to verify the effective poly(lactic acid) adsorption onto chitosan microparticles and the stereocomplex formation. 28482477 3 48 theme jetting 657:663 arg1 technique 665:673 an aerodynamically-assisted jetting technique 629:673 an aerodynamically-assisted jetting technique 629:673 Chitosan microparticles, with a size ranging between 40 and 90μm, were then produced by an aerodynamically-assisted jetting technique and covered by a poly(lactic acid) stereocomplex shell. 28482477 4 49 theme X-ray 759:763 arg1 diffraction 765:775 wide X-ray diffraction 754:775 wide X-ray diffraction 754:775 Infrared spectroscopy, wide X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements were used to verify the effective poly(lactic acid) adsorption onto chitosan microparticles and the stereocomplex formation. 28482477 4 50 theme field 778:782 arg1 microscopy 811:820 field emission scanning electron microscopy 778:820 field emission scanning electron microscopy 778:820 Infrared spectroscopy, wide X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements were used to verify the effective poly(lactic acid) adsorption onto chitosan microparticles and the stereocomplex formation. 28482477 1 51 theme poly 216:219 arg1 films 248:252 poly(lactic acid) stereocomplex films 216:252 poly(lactic acid) stereocomplex films 216:252 In this work, novel chitosan based microparticles were developed by the layer-by-layer deposition of poly(lactic acid) stereocomplex films on their surface in the view of controlling the release of encapsulated hydrophilic drugs. 28482477 4 52 theme effective 877:885 arg1 adsorption 905:914 the effective poly(lactic acid) adsorption 873:914 the effective poly(lactic acid) adsorption onto chitosan microparticles 873:943 Infrared spectroscopy, wide X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements were used to verify the effective poly(lactic acid) adsorption onto chitosan microparticles and the stereocomplex formation. 28482477 4 53 theme wide 754:757 arg1 diffraction 765:775 wide X-ray diffraction 754:775 wide X-ray diffraction 754:775 Infrared spectroscopy, wide X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements were used to verify the effective poly(lactic acid) adsorption onto chitosan microparticles and the stereocomplex formation. 28482477 5 54 theme procaine 1034:1041 arg1 anesthetic 1022:1031 a hydrophilic local anesthetic 1002:1031 a hydrophilic local anesthetic 1002:1031 Finally, the release of a hydrophilic local anesthetic, procaine hydrochloride, from uncoated and stereocomplex-nanocoated microparticles was preliminary evaluated over a period of 15days. 28482477 5 54 theme procaine 1034:1041 arg1 hydrochloride 1043:1055 procaine hydrochloride 1034:1055 procaine hydrochloride 1034:1055 Finally, the release of a hydrophilic local anesthetic, procaine hydrochloride, from uncoated and stereocomplex-nanocoated microparticles was preliminary evaluated over a period of 15days. 28482477 2 55 theme first 348:352 arg1 step 354:357 first step 348:357 first step 348:357 As first step, the quartz crystal microbalance technique was used to monitor the step-by-step deposition of the stereocomplex layers onto chitosan by evaluating the deposited mass for each layer. 28482477 2 55 theme first 348:352 arg1 technique 392:400 the quartz crystal microbalance technique 360:400 the quartz crystal microbalance technique 360:400 As first step, the quartz crystal microbalance technique was used to monitor the step-by-step deposition of the stereocomplex layers onto chitosan by evaluating the deposited mass for each layer. 28482477 1 56 theme lactic 221:226 arg1 poly 216:219 poly 216:219 poly(lactic acid) stereocomplex films 216:252 In this work, novel chitosan based microparticles were developed by the layer-by-layer deposition of poly(lactic acid) stereocomplex films on their surface in the view of controlling the release of encapsulated hydrophilic drugs. 28482477 1 56 theme lactic 221:226 arg1 acid 228:231 lactic acid 221:231 lactic acid 221:231 In this work, novel chitosan based microparticles were developed by the layer-by-layer deposition of poly(lactic acid) stereocomplex films on their surface in the view of controlling the release of encapsulated hydrophilic drugs. 28482477 1 57 theme novel 129:133 arg1 microparticles 150:163 novel chitosan based microparticles 129:163 novel chitosan based microparticles 129:163 In this work, novel chitosan based microparticles were developed by the layer-by-layer deposition of poly(lactic acid) stereocomplex films on their surface in the view of controlling the release of encapsulated hydrophilic drugs. 25779311 4 0 theme simple 603:608 arg1 chromatography 672:685 thin-layer chromatography 661:685 thin-layer chromatography 661:685 The latter involve simple chromatographic and analytical techniques, such as thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. 25779311 4 0 theme simple 603:608 arg1 techniques 641:650 simple chromatographic and analytical techniques 603:650 simple chromatographic and analytical techniques 603:650 The latter involve simple chromatographic and analytical techniques, such as thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. 25779311 4 0 theme simple 603:608 arg1 chromatography 695:708 gas chromatography 691:708 gas chromatography 691:708 The latter involve simple chromatographic and analytical techniques, such as thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. 25779311 3 1 theme wall-linked 529:539 arg1 acids 549:553 wall-linked mycolic acids 529:553 wall-linked mycolic acids 529:553 This chapter describes the methods that allow the purification of the most commonly isolated biologically active lipids and those used for analyzing extractable lipids and their constituents, cell wall-linked mycolic acids and lipoarabinomannan (LAM). 25779311 2 2 theme species 300:306 arg1 level 325:329 the species and type-species level 296:329 the species and type-species level 296:329 As such the lipid composition is commonly used to characterize mycobacterial strains at the species and type-species level. 25779311 2 3 used used 250:253 arg2 such 211:214 such 211:214 such 211:214 As such the lipid composition is commonly used to characterize mycobacterial strains at the species and type-species level. 25779311 2 3 used used 250:253 arg2 composition 226:236 the lipid composition 216:236 the lipid composition 216:236 As such the lipid composition is commonly used to characterize mycobacterial strains at the species and type-species level. 25779311 4 4 theme chromatographic 610:624 arg1 chromatography 672:685 thin-layer chromatography 661:685 thin-layer chromatography 661:685 The latter involve simple chromatographic and analytical techniques, such as thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. 25779311 4 4 theme chromatographic 610:624 arg1 techniques 641:650 simple chromatographic and analytical techniques 603:650 simple chromatographic and analytical techniques 603:650 The latter involve simple chromatographic and analytical techniques, such as thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. 25779311 4 4 theme chromatographic 610:624 arg1 chromatography 695:708 gas chromatography 691:708 gas chromatography 691:708 The latter involve simple chromatographic and analytical techniques, such as thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. 25779311 3 5 dep constituents 510:521 arg1 constituents 510:521 their constituents, cell wall-linked mycolic acids and lipoarabinomannan (LAM) 504:581 constituents 510:521 This chapter describes the methods that allow the purification of the most commonly isolated biologically active lipids and those used for analyzing extractable lipids and their constituents, cell wall-linked mycolic acids and lipoarabinomannan (LAM). 25779311 3 5 dep constituents 510:521 arg1 LAM 578:580 LAM 578:580 LAM 578:580 This chapter describes the methods that allow the purification of the most commonly isolated biologically active lipids and those used for analyzing extractable lipids and their constituents, cell wall-linked mycolic acids and lipoarabinomannan (LAM). 25779311 3 5 dep constituents 510:521 arg1 lipoarabinomannan 559:575 lipoarabinomannan 559:575 lipoarabinomannan (LAM) 559:581 This chapter describes the methods that allow the purification of the most commonly isolated biologically active lipids and those used for analyzing extractable lipids and their constituents, cell wall-linked mycolic acids and lipoarabinomannan (LAM). 25779311 3 5 dep constituents 510:521 arg1 cell 524:527 cell wall-linked mycolic acids and lipoarabinomannan (LAM) 524:581 cell 524:527 This chapter describes the methods that allow the purification of the most commonly isolated biologically active lipids and those used for analyzing extractable lipids and their constituents, cell wall-linked mycolic acids and lipoarabinomannan (LAM). 25779311 1 6 theme active 189:194 arg1 substances 196:205 biologically active substances 176:205 biologically active substances 176:205 Mycobacteria are microorganisms that contain a very high content of structurally diverse lipids, some of them being biologically active substances. 25779311 3 7 theme those 456:460 arg1 purification 382:393 the purification 378:393 the purification of the most commonly isolated biologically active lipids and those used for analyzing extractable lipids and their constituents, cell wall-linked mycolic acids and lipoarabinomannan (LAM) 378:581 This chapter describes the methods that allow the purification of the most commonly isolated biologically active lipids and those used for analyzing extractable lipids and their constituents, cell wall-linked mycolic acids and lipoarabinomannan (LAM). 25779311 4 8 theme gas 691:693 arg1 chromatography 695:708 gas chromatography 691:708 gas chromatography 691:708 The latter involve simple chromatographic and analytical techniques, such as thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. 25779311 3 9 dep cell 524:527 arg1 acids 549:553 wall-linked mycolic acids 529:553 wall-linked mycolic acids 529:553 This chapter describes the methods that allow the purification of the most commonly isolated biologically active lipids and those used for analyzing extractable lipids and their constituents, cell wall-linked mycolic acids and lipoarabinomannan (LAM). 25779311 3 10 theme lipids 445:450 arg1 purification 382:393 the purification 378:393 the purification of the most commonly isolated biologically active lipids and those used for analyzing extractable lipids and their constituents, cell wall-linked mycolic acids and lipoarabinomannan (LAM) 378:581 This chapter describes the methods that allow the purification of the most commonly isolated biologically active lipids and those used for analyzing extractable lipids and their constituents, cell wall-linked mycolic acids and lipoarabinomannan (LAM). 25779311 1 11 contain contain 97:103 arg2 content 117:123 a very high content 105:123 a very high content of structurally diverse lipids 105:154 Mycobacteria are microorganisms that contain a very high content of structurally diverse lipids, some of them being biologically active substances. 25779311 1 11 contain contain 97:103 arg1 microorganisms 77:90 microorganisms 77:90 microorganisms that contain a very high content of structurally diverse lipids, some of them being biologically active substances 77:205 Mycobacteria are microorganisms that contain a very high content of structurally diverse lipids, some of them being biologically active substances. 25779311 1 11 contain contain 97:103 arg1 Mycobacteria 60:71 Mycobacteria 60:71 Mycobacteria 60:71 Mycobacteria are microorganisms that contain a very high content of structurally diverse lipids, some of them being biologically active substances. 25779311 2 12 theme type-species 312:323 arg1 level 325:329 the species and type-species level 296:329 the species and type-species level 296:329 As such the lipid composition is commonly used to characterize mycobacterial strains at the species and type-species level. 25779311 4 13 theme thin-layer 661:670 arg1 chromatography 672:685 thin-layer chromatography 661:685 thin-layer chromatography 661:685 The latter involve simple chromatographic and analytical techniques, such as thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. 25779311 3 14 link wall-linked 529:539 arg1 acids 549:553 wall-linked mycolic acids 529:553 wall-linked mycolic acids 529:553 This chapter describes the methods that allow the purification of the most commonly isolated biologically active lipids and those used for analyzing extractable lipids and their constituents, cell wall-linked mycolic acids and lipoarabinomannan (LAM). 25779311 3 15 theme active 438:443 arg1 lipids 445:450 the most commonly isolated biologically active lipids 398:450 the most commonly isolated biologically active lipids 398:450 This chapter describes the methods that allow the purification of the most commonly isolated biologically active lipids and those used for analyzing extractable lipids and their constituents, cell wall-linked mycolic acids and lipoarabinomannan (LAM). 25779311 3 16 theme isolated 416:423 arg1 lipids 445:450 the most commonly isolated biologically active lipids 398:450 the most commonly isolated biologically active lipids 398:450 This chapter describes the methods that allow the purification of the most commonly isolated biologically active lipids and those used for analyzing extractable lipids and their constituents, cell wall-linked mycolic acids and lipoarabinomannan (LAM). 25779311 2 17 theme lipid 220:224 arg1 such 211:214 such 211:214 such 211:214 As such the lipid composition is commonly used to characterize mycobacterial strains at the species and type-species level. 25779311 2 17 theme lipid 220:224 arg1 composition 226:236 the lipid composition 216:236 the lipid composition 216:236 As such the lipid composition is commonly used to characterize mycobacterial strains at the species and type-species level. 25779311 0 18 dep isolation 28:36 arg1 lipoarabinomannan 10:26 lipoarabinomannan 10:26 lipoarabinomannan 10:26 Lipid and lipoarabinomannan isolation and characterization. 25779311 0 18 dep isolation 28:36 arg1 Lipid 0:4 Lipid 0:4 Lipid 0:4 Lipid and lipoarabinomannan isolation and characterization. 25779311 2 19 theme mycobacterial 271:283 arg1 strains 285:291 mycobacterial strains 271:291 mycobacterial strains 271:291 As such the lipid composition is commonly used to characterize mycobacterial strains at the species and type-species level. 25779311 1 20 theme diverse 141:147 arg1 lipids 149:154 structurally diverse lipids 128:154 structurally diverse lipids 128:154 Mycobacteria are microorganisms that contain a very high content of structurally diverse lipids, some of them being biologically active substances. 25779311 1 21 theme high 112:115 arg1 content 117:123 a very high content 105:123 a very high content of structurally diverse lipids 105:154 Mycobacteria are microorganisms that contain a very high content of structurally diverse lipids, some of them being biologically active substances. 25779311 1 22 theme lipids 149:154 arg1 content 117:123 a very high content 105:123 a very high content of structurally diverse lipids 105:154 Mycobacteria are microorganisms that contain a very high content of structurally diverse lipids, some of them being biologically active substances. 25779311 4 23 theme analytical 630:639 arg1 chromatography 672:685 thin-layer chromatography 661:685 thin-layer chromatography 661:685 The latter involve simple chromatographic and analytical techniques, such as thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. 25779311 4 23 theme analytical 630:639 arg1 techniques 641:650 simple chromatographic and analytical techniques 603:650 simple chromatographic and analytical techniques 603:650 The latter involve simple chromatographic and analytical techniques, such as thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. 25779311 4 23 theme analytical 630:639 arg1 chromatography 695:708 gas chromatography 691:708 gas chromatography 691:708 The latter involve simple chromatographic and analytical techniques, such as thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. 25779311 3 24 theme extractable 481:491 arg1 lipids 493:498 extractable lipids 481:498 extractable lipids 481:498 This chapter describes the methods that allow the purification of the most commonly isolated biologically active lipids and those used for analyzing extractable lipids and their constituents, cell wall-linked mycolic acids and lipoarabinomannan (LAM). 25779311 3 25 theme mycolic 541:547 arg1 acids 549:553 wall-linked mycolic acids 529:553 wall-linked mycolic acids 529:553 This chapter describes the methods that allow the purification of the most commonly isolated biologically active lipids and those used for analyzing extractable lipids and their constituents, cell wall-linked mycolic acids and lipoarabinomannan (LAM). 25779311 4 26 theme mass 721:724 arg1 spectrometry 726:737 mass spectrometry 721:737 mass spectrometry 721:737 The latter involve simple chromatographic and analytical techniques, such as thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. 27127027 10 0 theme coating 1455:1461 arg1 magnitude 1433:1441 the magnitude 1429:1441 the magnitude of chitosan coating 1429:1461 By changing the type and concentration of reductant, the ratio of AL to PEG, and the magnitude of chitosan coating, the degradation ability of AL/PEG microcarriers can be well controlled. 27127027 10 0 theme coating 1455:1461 arg1 concentration 1373:1385 concentration 1373:1385 concentration 1373:1385 By changing the type and concentration of reductant, the ratio of AL to PEG, and the magnitude of chitosan coating, the degradation ability of AL/PEG microcarriers can be well controlled. 27127027 10 0 theme coating 1455:1461 arg1 type 1364:1367 type 1364:1367 type 1364:1367 By changing the type and concentration of reductant, the ratio of AL to PEG, and the magnitude of chitosan coating, the degradation ability of AL/PEG microcarriers can be well controlled. 27127027 11 1 theme umbilical 1624:1632 arg1 blood 1639:1643 human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) 1618:1678 human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) 1618:1678 In addition, AL/PEG microcarriers can support the attachment and proliferation of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs). 27127027 13 2 theme AL/PEG 1894:1899 arg1 candidate 1941:1949 a promising candidate 1929:1949 a promising candidate for large-scale expansion of hUCB-MSCs 1929:1988 Therefore, it is convinced that AL/PEG based microcarriers will be a promising candidate for large-scale expansion of hUCB-MSCs. 27127027 13 2 theme AL/PEG 1894:1899 arg1 microcarriers 1907:1919 AL/PEG based microcarriers 1894:1919 AL/PEG based microcarriers 1894:1919 Therefore, it is convinced that AL/PEG based microcarriers will be a promising candidate for large-scale expansion of hUCB-MSCs. 27127027 4 3 theme carboxylic 586:595 arg1 alginate 611:618 alginate 611:618 alginate 611:618 In this AL/PEG system, the chemically cross-linked alginate networks are formed via the reaction between carboxylic acid group of alginate and di-terminated amine groups of cystamine. 27127027 4 3 theme carboxylic 586:595 arg1 group 602:606 carboxylic acid group 586:606 carboxylic acid group of alginate 586:618 In this AL/PEG system, the chemically cross-linked alginate networks are formed via the reaction between carboxylic acid group of alginate and di-terminated amine groups of cystamine. 27127027 4 3 theme carboxylic 586:595 arg1 cystamine 654:662 cystamine 654:662 cystamine 654:662 In this AL/PEG system, the chemically cross-linked alginate networks are formed via the reaction between carboxylic acid group of alginate and di-terminated amine groups of cystamine. 27127027 5 4 theme microcarriers 714:726 arg1 degradation 699:709 the degradation 695:709 the degradation of microcarriers, which does not participate in this cross-linked reaction, while it interpenetrates in alginate network via physical interactions 695:856 PEG is introduced to modulate the degradation of microcarriers, which does not participate in this cross-linked reaction, while it interpenetrates in alginate network via physical interactions. 27127027 11 5 theme mesenchymal 1645:1655 arg1 cells 1662:1666 mesenchymal stem cells 1645:1666 human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) 1618:1678 In addition, AL/PEG microcarriers can support the attachment and proliferation of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs). 27127027 11 5 theme mesenchymal 1645:1655 arg1 hUCB-MSCs 1669:1677 hUCB-MSCs 1669:1677 hUCB-MSCs 1669:1677 In addition, AL/PEG microcarriers can support the attachment and proliferation of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs). 27127027 10 6 theme chitosan 1446:1453 arg1 coating 1455:1461 chitosan coating 1446:1461 chitosan coating 1446:1461 By changing the type and concentration of reductant, the ratio of AL to PEG, and the magnitude of chitosan coating, the degradation ability of AL/PEG microcarriers can be well controlled. 27127027 12 7 theme reductant 1775:1783 arg1 addition 1763:1770 addition 1763:1770 addition 1763:1770 More importantly, the expanded hUCB-MSCs can be detached from microcarriers after addition of reductant, which indeed reduce the cell damage caused by proteolytic enzyme treatment. 27127027 12 8 theme expanded 1703:1710 arg1 hUCB-MSCs 1712:1720 the expanded hUCB-MSCs 1699:1720 the expanded hUCB-MSCs 1699:1720 More importantly, the expanded hUCB-MSCs can be detached from microcarriers after addition of reductant, which indeed reduce the cell damage caused by proteolytic enzyme treatment. 27127027 0 9 theme umbilical 109:117 arg1 cells 147:151 human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells 103:151 human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells 103:151 Alginate/PEG based microcarriers with cleavable crosslinkage for expansion and non-invasive harvest of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells. 27127027 6 10 theme AL/PEG 910:915 arg1 surface 899:905 the surface 895:905 the surface of AL/PEG 895:915 In addition, chitosan are coated on the surface of AL/PEG to improve the mechanical strength via the electrostatic interactions. 27127027 7 11 theme Biocompatible 988:1000 arg1 fibronectin 1002:1012 Biocompatible fibronectin 988:1012 Biocompatible fibronectin 988:1012 Biocompatible fibronectin are also coated on these microcarriers to modulate the biological behaviors of cells seeded in microcarriers. 27127027 9 12 theme disulfide 1324:1332 arg1 crosslinkage 1334:1345 disulfide crosslinkage 1324:1345 disulfide crosslinkage 1324:1345 Moreover, the microcarriers are designed to be degraded with cleavage of disulfide crosslinkage. 27127027 0 13 theme human 103:107 arg1 cells 147:151 human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells 103:151 human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells 103:151 Alginate/PEG based microcarriers with cleavable crosslinkage for expansion and non-invasive harvest of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells. 27127027 9 14 theme crosslinkage 1334:1345 arg1 cleavage 1312:1319 cleavage 1312:1319 cleavage of disulfide crosslinkage 1312:1345 Moreover, the microcarriers are designed to be degraded with cleavage of disulfide crosslinkage. 27127027 10 15 theme microcarriers 1498:1510 arg1 ability 1480:1486 the degradation ability 1464:1486 the degradation ability of AL/PEG microcarriers 1464:1510 By changing the type and concentration of reductant, the ratio of AL to PEG, and the magnitude of chitosan coating, the degradation ability of AL/PEG microcarriers can be well controlled. 27127027 11 16 dep attachment 1586:1595 arg1 the 1582:1584 the 1582:1584 the 1582:1584 In addition, AL/PEG microcarriers can support the attachment and proliferation of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs). 27127027 4 17 theme acid 597:600 arg1 alginate 611:618 alginate 611:618 alginate 611:618 In this AL/PEG system, the chemically cross-linked alginate networks are formed via the reaction between carboxylic acid group of alginate and di-terminated amine groups of cystamine. 27127027 4 17 theme acid 597:600 arg1 group 602:606 carboxylic acid group 586:606 carboxylic acid group of alginate 586:618 In this AL/PEG system, the chemically cross-linked alginate networks are formed via the reaction between carboxylic acid group of alginate and di-terminated amine groups of cystamine. 27127027 4 17 theme acid 597:600 arg1 cystamine 654:662 cystamine 654:662 cystamine 654:662 In this AL/PEG system, the chemically cross-linked alginate networks are formed via the reaction between carboxylic acid group of alginate and di-terminated amine groups of cystamine. 27127027 0 18 theme blood 124:128 arg1 cells 147:151 human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells 103:151 human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells 103:151 Alginate/PEG based microcarriers with cleavable crosslinkage for expansion and non-invasive harvest of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells. 27127027 4 19 theme amine 638:642 arg1 alginate 611:618 alginate 611:618 alginate 611:618 In this AL/PEG system, the chemically cross-linked alginate networks are formed via the reaction between carboxylic acid group of alginate and di-terminated amine groups of cystamine. 27127027 4 19 theme amine 638:642 arg1 cystamine 654:662 cystamine 654:662 cystamine 654:662 In this AL/PEG system, the chemically cross-linked alginate networks are formed via the reaction between carboxylic acid group of alginate and di-terminated amine groups of cystamine. 27127027 4 19 theme amine 638:642 arg1 groups 644:649 di-terminated amine groups 624:649 di-terminated amine groups of cystamine 624:662 In this AL/PEG system, the chemically cross-linked alginate networks are formed via the reaction between carboxylic acid group of alginate and di-terminated amine groups of cystamine. 27127027 8 20 theme molecular 1226:1234 arg1 weight 1236:1241 molecular weight 1226:1241 molecular weight 1226:1241 Results suggest that the size of AL/PEG microcarriers can be modulated via adjusting the contents and molecular weight of PEG. 27127027 3 21 theme microcarriers 439:451 arg1 series 377:382 a series 375:382 a series of alginate/PEG (AL/PEG) semi-interpenetrating network microcarriers 375:451 To address this disadvantage, a series of alginate/PEG (AL/PEG) semi-interpenetrating network microcarriers are prepared in this study. 27127027 0 22 theme cord 119:122 arg1 cells 147:151 human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells 103:151 human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells 103:151 Alginate/PEG based microcarriers with cleavable crosslinkage for expansion and non-invasive harvest of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells. 27127027 4 23 theme AL/PEG 489:494 arg1 system 496:501 this AL/PEG system 484:501 this AL/PEG system 484:501 In this AL/PEG system, the chemically cross-linked alginate networks are formed via the reaction between carboxylic acid group of alginate and di-terminated amine groups of cystamine. 27127027 10 24 theme degradation 1468:1478 arg1 ability 1480:1486 the degradation ability 1464:1486 the degradation ability of AL/PEG microcarriers 1464:1510 By changing the type and concentration of reductant, the ratio of AL to PEG, and the magnitude of chitosan coating, the degradation ability of AL/PEG microcarriers can be well controlled. 27127027 2 25 theme enzyme 282:287 arg1 treatment 289:297 proteolytic enzyme treatment 270:297 proteolytic enzyme treatment 270:297 Generally, the cells are harvested via proteolytic enzyme treatment, which always leads to damages to stem cells. 27127027 5 26 theme alginate 815:822 arg1 network 824:830 alginate network 815:830 alginate network via physical interactions 815:856 PEG is introduced to modulate the degradation of microcarriers, which does not participate in this cross-linked reaction, while it interpenetrates in alginate network via physical interactions. 27127027 4 27 link cross-linked 519:530 arg1 networks 541:548 the chemically cross-linked alginate networks 504:548 the chemically cross-linked alginate networks 504:548 In this AL/PEG system, the chemically cross-linked alginate networks are formed via the reaction between carboxylic acid group of alginate and di-terminated amine groups of cystamine. 27127027 13 28 theme hUCB-MSCs 1980:1988 arg1 expansion 1967:1975 large-scale expansion 1955:1975 large-scale expansion of hUCB-MSCs 1955:1988 Therefore, it is convinced that AL/PEG based microcarriers will be a promising candidate for large-scale expansion of hUCB-MSCs. 27127027 8 29 theme microcarriers 1164:1176 arg1 size 1149:1152 the size 1145:1152 the size of AL/PEG microcarriers 1145:1176 Results suggest that the size of AL/PEG microcarriers can be modulated via adjusting the contents and molecular weight of PEG. 27127027 3 30 theme semi-interpenetrating 409:429 arg1 microcarriers 439:451 alginate/PEG (AL/PEG) semi-interpenetrating network microcarriers 387:451 alginate/PEG (AL/PEG) semi-interpenetrating network microcarriers 387:451 To address this disadvantage, a series of alginate/PEG (AL/PEG) semi-interpenetrating network microcarriers are prepared in this study. 27127027 13 31 theme large-scale 1955:1965 arg1 expansion 1967:1975 large-scale expansion 1955:1975 large-scale expansion of hUCB-MSCs 1955:1988 Therefore, it is convinced that AL/PEG based microcarriers will be a promising candidate for large-scale expansion of hUCB-MSCs. 27127027 10 32 dep type 1364:1367 arg1 the 1360:1362 the 1360:1362 the 1360:1362 By changing the type and concentration of reductant, the ratio of AL to PEG, and the magnitude of chitosan coating, the degradation ability of AL/PEG microcarriers can be well controlled. 27127027 3 33 theme network 431:437 arg1 microcarriers 439:451 alginate/PEG (AL/PEG) semi-interpenetrating network microcarriers 387:451 alginate/PEG (AL/PEG) semi-interpenetrating network microcarriers 387:451 To address this disadvantage, a series of alginate/PEG (AL/PEG) semi-interpenetrating network microcarriers are prepared in this study. 27127027 0 34 theme stem 142:145 arg1 cells 147:151 human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells 103:151 human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells 103:151 Alginate/PEG based microcarriers with cleavable crosslinkage for expansion and non-invasive harvest of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells. 27127027 1 35 theme harvest 211:217 arg1 cells 224:228 and harvest stem cells 207:228 cells 224:228 Porous microcarriers are increasingly used to expand and harvest stem cells. 27127027 5 36 theme physical 836:843 arg1 interactions 845:856 physical interactions 836:856 physical interactions 836:856 PEG is introduced to modulate the degradation of microcarriers, which does not participate in this cross-linked reaction, while it interpenetrates in alginate network via physical interactions. 27127027 0 37 theme mesenchymal 130:140 arg1 cells 147:151 human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells 103:151 human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells 103:151 Alginate/PEG based microcarriers with cleavable crosslinkage for expansion and non-invasive harvest of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells. 27127027 5 38 link cross-linked 764:775 arg1 reaction 777:784 this cross-linked reaction 759:784 this cross-linked reaction 759:784 PEG is introduced to modulate the degradation of microcarriers, which does not participate in this cross-linked reaction, while it interpenetrates in alginate network via physical interactions. 27127027 1 39 theme stem 219:222 arg1 cells 224:228 and harvest stem cells 207:228 cells 224:228 Porous microcarriers are increasingly used to expand and harvest stem cells. 27127027 8 40 theme PEG 1246:1248 arg1 contents 1213:1220 contents 1213:1220 contents 1213:1220 Results suggest that the size of AL/PEG microcarriers can be modulated via adjusting the contents and molecular weight of PEG. 27127027 8 40 theme PEG 1246:1248 arg1 weight 1236:1241 molecular weight 1226:1241 molecular weight 1226:1241 Results suggest that the size of AL/PEG microcarriers can be modulated via adjusting the contents and molecular weight of PEG. 27127027 6 41 theme electrostatic 960:972 arg1 interactions 974:985 the electrostatic interactions 956:985 the electrostatic interactions 956:985 In addition, chitosan are coated on the surface of AL/PEG to improve the mechanical strength via the electrostatic interactions. 27127027 10 42 theme AL/PEG 1491:1496 arg1 microcarriers 1498:1510 AL/PEG microcarriers 1491:1510 AL/PEG microcarriers 1491:1510 By changing the type and concentration of reductant, the ratio of AL to PEG, and the magnitude of chitosan coating, the degradation ability of AL/PEG microcarriers can be well controlled. 27127027 13 43 theme based 1901:1905 arg1 candidate 1941:1949 a promising candidate 1929:1949 a promising candidate for large-scale expansion of hUCB-MSCs 1929:1988 Therefore, it is convinced that AL/PEG based microcarriers will be a promising candidate for large-scale expansion of hUCB-MSCs. 27127027 13 43 theme based 1901:1905 arg1 microcarriers 1907:1919 AL/PEG based microcarriers 1894:1919 AL/PEG based microcarriers 1894:1919 Therefore, it is convinced that AL/PEG based microcarriers will be a promising candidate for large-scale expansion of hUCB-MSCs. 27127027 11 44 dep blood 1639:1643 arg1 cells 1662:1666 mesenchymal stem cells 1645:1666 human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) 1618:1678 In addition, AL/PEG microcarriers can support the attachment and proliferation of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs). 27127027 11 44 dep blood 1639:1643 arg1 hUCB-MSCs 1669:1677 hUCB-MSCs 1669:1677 hUCB-MSCs 1669:1677 In addition, AL/PEG microcarriers can support the attachment and proliferation of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs). 27127027 4 45 theme cystamine 654:662 arg1 alginate 611:618 alginate 611:618 alginate 611:618 In this AL/PEG system, the chemically cross-linked alginate networks are formed via the reaction between carboxylic acid group of alginate and di-terminated amine groups of cystamine. 27127027 4 45 theme cystamine 654:662 arg1 cystamine 654:662 cystamine 654:662 cystamine 654:662 In this AL/PEG system, the chemically cross-linked alginate networks are formed via the reaction between carboxylic acid group of alginate and di-terminated amine groups of cystamine. 27127027 4 45 theme cystamine 654:662 arg1 group 602:606 carboxylic acid group 586:606 carboxylic acid group of alginate 586:618 In this AL/PEG system, the chemically cross-linked alginate networks are formed via the reaction between carboxylic acid group of alginate and di-terminated amine groups of cystamine. 27127027 4 45 theme cystamine 654:662 arg1 groups 644:649 di-terminated amine groups 624:649 di-terminated amine groups of cystamine 624:662 In this AL/PEG system, the chemically cross-linked alginate networks are formed via the reaction between carboxylic acid group of alginate and di-terminated amine groups of cystamine. 27127027 0 46 theme cleavable 38:46 arg1 crosslinkage 48:59 cleavable crosslinkage 38:59 cleavable crosslinkage 38:59 Alginate/PEG based microcarriers with cleavable crosslinkage for expansion and non-invasive harvest of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells. 27127027 4 47 theme alginate 532:539 arg1 networks 541:548 the chemically cross-linked alginate networks 504:548 the chemically cross-linked alginate networks 504:548 In this AL/PEG system, the chemically cross-linked alginate networks are formed via the reaction between carboxylic acid group of alginate and di-terminated amine groups of cystamine. 27127027 0 48 theme cells 147:151 arg1 harvest 92:98 non-invasive harvest 79:98 non-invasive harvest 79:98 Alginate/PEG based microcarriers with cleavable crosslinkage for expansion and non-invasive harvest of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells. 27127027 0 48 theme cells 147:151 arg1 expansion 65:73 expansion 65:73 expansion 65:73 Alginate/PEG based microcarriers with cleavable crosslinkage for expansion and non-invasive harvest of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells. 27127027 11 49 theme stem 1657:1660 arg1 cells 1662:1666 mesenchymal stem cells 1645:1666 human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) 1618:1678 In addition, AL/PEG microcarriers can support the attachment and proliferation of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs). 27127027 11 49 theme stem 1657:1660 arg1 hUCB-MSCs 1669:1677 hUCB-MSCs 1669:1677 hUCB-MSCs 1669:1677 In addition, AL/PEG microcarriers can support the attachment and proliferation of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs). 27127027 12 50 theme cell 1810:1813 arg1 damage 1815:1820 the cell damage 1806:1820 the cell damage caused by proteolytic enzyme treatment 1806:1859 More importantly, the expanded hUCB-MSCs can be detached from microcarriers after addition of reductant, which indeed reduce the cell damage caused by proteolytic enzyme treatment. 27127027 4 51 theme cross-linked 519:530 arg1 networks 541:548 the chemically cross-linked alginate networks 504:548 the chemically cross-linked alginate networks 504:548 In this AL/PEG system, the chemically cross-linked alginate networks are formed via the reaction between carboxylic acid group of alginate and di-terminated amine groups of cystamine. 27127027 7 52 theme biological 1069:1078 arg1 behaviors 1080:1088 the biological behaviors 1065:1088 the biological behaviors of cells seeded in microcarriers 1065:1121 Biocompatible fibronectin are also coated on these microcarriers to modulate the biological behaviors of cells seeded in microcarriers. 27127027 8 53 theme AL/PEG 1157:1162 arg1 microcarriers 1164:1176 AL/PEG microcarriers 1157:1176 AL/PEG microcarriers 1157:1176 Results suggest that the size of AL/PEG microcarriers can be modulated via adjusting the contents and molecular weight of PEG. 27127027 0 54 with microcarriers 19:31 arg1 crosslinkage 48:59 cleavable crosslinkage 38:59 cleavable crosslinkage 38:59 Alginate/PEG based microcarriers with cleavable crosslinkage for expansion and non-invasive harvest of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells. 27127027 7 55 theme cells 1093:1097 arg1 behaviors 1080:1088 the biological behaviors 1065:1088 the biological behaviors of cells seeded in microcarriers 1065:1121 Biocompatible fibronectin are also coated on these microcarriers to modulate the biological behaviors of cells seeded in microcarriers. 27127027 12 56 theme enzyme 1844:1849 arg1 treatment 1851:1859 proteolytic enzyme treatment 1832:1859 proteolytic enzyme treatment 1832:1859 More importantly, the expanded hUCB-MSCs can be detached from microcarriers after addition of reductant, which indeed reduce the cell damage caused by proteolytic enzyme treatment. 27127027 11 57 theme AL/PEG 1549:1554 arg1 microcarriers 1556:1568 AL/PEG microcarriers 1549:1568 AL/PEG microcarriers 1549:1568 In addition, AL/PEG microcarriers can support the attachment and proliferation of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs). 27127027 12 58 theme proteolytic 1832:1842 arg1 treatment 1851:1859 proteolytic enzyme treatment 1832:1859 proteolytic enzyme treatment 1832:1859 More importantly, the expanded hUCB-MSCs can be detached from microcarriers after addition of reductant, which indeed reduce the cell damage caused by proteolytic enzyme treatment. 27127027 6 59 theme mechanical 932:941 arg1 strength 943:950 the mechanical strength 928:950 the mechanical strength 928:950 In addition, chitosan are coated on the surface of AL/PEG to improve the mechanical strength via the electrostatic interactions. 27127027 2 60 theme proteolytic 270:280 arg1 treatment 289:297 proteolytic enzyme treatment 270:297 proteolytic enzyme treatment 270:297 Generally, the cells are harvested via proteolytic enzyme treatment, which always leads to damages to stem cells. 27127027 10 61 theme AL 1414:1415 arg1 reductant 1390:1398 reductant 1390:1398 reductant 1390:1398 By changing the type and concentration of reductant, the ratio of AL to PEG, and the magnitude of chitosan coating, the degradation ability of AL/PEG microcarriers can be well controlled. 27127027 10 61 theme AL 1414:1415 arg1 ratio 1405:1409 the ratio 1401:1409 the ratio of AL to PEG 1401:1422 By changing the type and concentration of reductant, the ratio of AL to PEG, and the magnitude of chitosan coating, the degradation ability of AL/PEG microcarriers can be well controlled. 27127027 2 62 theme stem 333:336 arg1 cells 338:342 stem cells 333:342 stem cells 333:342 Generally, the cells are harvested via proteolytic enzyme treatment, which always leads to damages to stem cells. 27127027 11 63 theme human 1618:1622 arg1 blood 1639:1643 human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) 1618:1678 human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) 1618:1678 In addition, AL/PEG microcarriers can support the attachment and proliferation of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs). 27127027 4 64 theme alginate 611:618 arg1 alginate 611:618 alginate 611:618 alginate 611:618 In this AL/PEG system, the chemically cross-linked alginate networks are formed via the reaction between carboxylic acid group of alginate and di-terminated amine groups of cystamine. 27127027 4 64 theme alginate 611:618 arg1 cystamine 654:662 cystamine 654:662 cystamine 654:662 In this AL/PEG system, the chemically cross-linked alginate networks are formed via the reaction between carboxylic acid group of alginate and di-terminated amine groups of cystamine. 27127027 4 64 theme alginate 611:618 arg1 group 602:606 carboxylic acid group 586:606 carboxylic acid group of alginate 586:618 In this AL/PEG system, the chemically cross-linked alginate networks are formed via the reaction between carboxylic acid group of alginate and di-terminated amine groups of cystamine. 27127027 4 64 theme alginate 611:618 arg1 groups 644:649 di-terminated amine groups 624:649 di-terminated amine groups of cystamine 624:662 In this AL/PEG system, the chemically cross-linked alginate networks are formed via the reaction between carboxylic acid group of alginate and di-terminated amine groups of cystamine. 27127027 8 65 dep contents 1213:1220 arg1 the 1209:1211 the 1209:1211 the 1209:1211 Results suggest that the size of AL/PEG microcarriers can be modulated via adjusting the contents and molecular weight of PEG. 27127027 11 66 theme cord 1634:1637 arg1 blood 1639:1643 human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) 1618:1678 human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) 1618:1678 In addition, AL/PEG microcarriers can support the attachment and proliferation of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs). 27127027 0 67 theme non-invasive 79:90 arg1 harvest 92:98 non-invasive harvest 79:98 non-invasive harvest 79:98 Alginate/PEG based microcarriers with cleavable crosslinkage for expansion and non-invasive harvest of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells. 27127027 11 68 theme blood 1639:1643 arg1 proliferation 1601:1613 proliferation 1601:1613 proliferation 1601:1613 In addition, AL/PEG microcarriers can support the attachment and proliferation of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs). 27127027 11 68 theme blood 1639:1643 arg1 attachment 1586:1595 attachment 1586:1595 attachment 1586:1595 In addition, AL/PEG microcarriers can support the attachment and proliferation of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs). 27127027 1 69 theme Porous 154:159 arg1 microcarriers 161:173 Porous microcarriers 154:173 Porous microcarriers 154:173 Porous microcarriers are increasingly used to expand and harvest stem cells. 27127027 13 70 theme promising 1931:1939 arg1 candidate 1941:1949 a promising candidate 1929:1949 a promising candidate for large-scale expansion of hUCB-MSCs 1929:1988 Therefore, it is convinced that AL/PEG based microcarriers will be a promising candidate for large-scale expansion of hUCB-MSCs. 27127027 13 70 theme promising 1931:1939 arg1 microcarriers 1907:1919 AL/PEG based microcarriers 1894:1919 AL/PEG based microcarriers 1894:1919 Therefore, it is convinced that AL/PEG based microcarriers will be a promising candidate for large-scale expansion of hUCB-MSCs. 27127027 4 71 theme di-terminated 624:636 arg1 alginate 611:618 alginate 611:618 alginate 611:618 In this AL/PEG system, the chemically cross-linked alginate networks are formed via the reaction between carboxylic acid group of alginate and di-terminated amine groups of cystamine. 27127027 4 71 theme di-terminated 624:636 arg1 cystamine 654:662 cystamine 654:662 cystamine 654:662 In this AL/PEG system, the chemically cross-linked alginate networks are formed via the reaction between carboxylic acid group of alginate and di-terminated amine groups of cystamine. 27127027 4 71 theme di-terminated 624:636 arg1 groups 644:649 di-terminated amine groups 624:649 di-terminated amine groups of cystamine 624:662 In this AL/PEG system, the chemically cross-linked alginate networks are formed via the reaction between carboxylic acid group of alginate and di-terminated amine groups of cystamine. 27127027 5 72 theme cross-linked 764:775 arg1 reaction 777:784 this cross-linked reaction 759:784 this cross-linked reaction 759:784 PEG is introduced to modulate the degradation of microcarriers, which does not participate in this cross-linked reaction, while it interpenetrates in alginate network via physical interactions. 27127027 1 73 used used 192:195 arg2 microcarriers 161:173 Porous microcarriers 154:173 Porous microcarriers 154:173 Porous microcarriers are increasingly used to expand and harvest stem cells. 27127027 10 74 theme reductant 1390:1398 arg1 magnitude 1433:1441 the magnitude 1429:1441 the magnitude of chitosan coating 1429:1461 By changing the type and concentration of reductant, the ratio of AL to PEG, and the magnitude of chitosan coating, the degradation ability of AL/PEG microcarriers can be well controlled. 27127027 10 74 theme reductant 1390:1398 arg1 concentration 1373:1385 concentration 1373:1385 concentration 1373:1385 By changing the type and concentration of reductant, the ratio of AL to PEG, and the magnitude of chitosan coating, the degradation ability of AL/PEG microcarriers can be well controlled. 27127027 10 74 theme reductant 1390:1398 arg1 type 1364:1367 type 1364:1367 type 1364:1367 By changing the type and concentration of reductant, the ratio of AL to PEG, and the magnitude of chitosan coating, the degradation ability of AL/PEG microcarriers can be well controlled. 24907746 0 0 theme antibacterial 79:91 arg1 applications 93:104 the intelligent antibacterial applications 63:104 the intelligent antibacterial applications 63:104 A nano-silver composite based on the ion-exchange response for the intelligent antibacterial applications. 24907746 6 1 theme ~1.10×10 935:942 arg1 dose 929:932 the dose 925:932 the dose (~1.10×10(3) ppb) of released silver 925:969 Significantly, the dose (~1.10×10(3) ppb) of released silver was not toxic and allowed attachment, and growth of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells. 24907746 6 1 theme ~1.10×10 935:942 arg1 ppb 947:949 ~1.10×10(3) ppb 935:949 ~1.10×10(3) ppb 935:949 Significantly, the dose (~1.10×10(3) ppb) of released silver was not toxic and allowed attachment, and growth of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells. 24907746 0 2 theme intelligent 67:77 arg1 applications 93:104 the intelligent antibacterial applications 63:104 the intelligent antibacterial applications 63:104 A nano-silver composite based on the ion-exchange response for the intelligent antibacterial applications. 24907746 4 3 theme biological 518:527 arg1 performance 529:539 The biological performance 514:539 The biological performance of this composite 514:557 The biological performance of this composite mainly depended on the release of AgNPs, which needed to be triggered by the ion-exchange response and was further influenced by the loadings of AgNPs in the composite. 24907746 7 4 theme mammalian 1126:1134 arg1 cells 1136:1140 in vitro mammalian cells 1117:1140 in vitro mammalian cells 1117:1140 These results supported that the composite was compatible with in vitro mammalian cells yet exhibited antimicrobial activity by carefully designing the loadings of AgNPs within the alginate. 24907746 4 5 theme AgNPs 593:597 arg1 release 582:588 the release 578:588 the release 578:588 The biological performance of this composite mainly depended on the release of AgNPs, which needed to be triggered by the ion-exchange response and was further influenced by the loadings of AgNPs in the composite. 24907746 7 6 theme in 1117:1118 arg1 cells 1136:1140 in vitro mammalian cells 1117:1140 in vitro mammalian cells 1117:1140 These results supported that the composite was compatible with in vitro mammalian cells yet exhibited antimicrobial activity by carefully designing the loadings of AgNPs within the alginate. 24907746 2 7 theme dose-related 329:340 arg1 cytotoxicity 342:353 dose-related cytotoxicity 329:353 dose-related cytotoxicity 329:353 However, the typical loadings of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in such composites could result in dose-related cytotoxicity. 24907746 5 8 theme less 826:829 arg1 no 823:824 the released silver no 803:824 the released silver no less than 678 ppb in the medium 803:856 The antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus demonstrated that the released silver no less than 678 ppb in the medium caused a reduction of 7log10CFU/mL (100%) bacteria. 24907746 2 9 theme nanoparticles 272:284 arg1 loadings 253:260 the typical loadings 241:260 the typical loadings of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in such composites 241:311 However, the typical loadings of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in such composites could result in dose-related cytotoxicity. 24907746 5 10 theme antimicrobial 732:744 arg1 activity 746:753 The antimicrobial activity 728:753 The antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus 728:783 The antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus demonstrated that the released silver no less than 678 ppb in the medium caused a reduction of 7log10CFU/mL (100%) bacteria. 24907746 2 11 theme silver 265:270 arg1 AgNPs 287:291 AgNPs 287:291 AgNPs 287:291 However, the typical loadings of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in such composites could result in dose-related cytotoxicity. 24907746 2 11 theme silver 265:270 arg1 nanoparticles 272:284 silver nanoparticles 265:284 silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) 265:292 However, the typical loadings of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in such composites could result in dose-related cytotoxicity. 24907746 0 12 theme nano-silver 2:12 arg1 composite 14:22 A nano-silver composite 0:22 A nano-silver composite 0:22 A nano-silver composite based on the ion-exchange response for the intelligent antibacterial applications. 24907746 6 13 dep ppb 947:949 arg1 3 944:944 3 944:944 3 944:944 Significantly, the dose (~1.10×10(3) ppb) of released silver was not toxic and allowed attachment, and growth of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells. 24907746 1 14 theme great 181:185 arg1 kind 112:115 a kind 110:115 a kind of antimicrobial agent 110:138 As a kind of antimicrobial agent, nano-silver composites have attracted a great deal of interest in biomedical applications. 24907746 1 14 theme great 181:185 arg1 deal 187:190 a great deal 179:190 a great deal of interest 179:202 As a kind of antimicrobial agent, nano-silver composites have attracted a great deal of interest in biomedical applications. 24907746 3 15 theme nano-silver 373:383 arg1 composite 385:393 a nano-silver composite 371:393 a nano-silver composite leading to antimicrobial activity without cytotoxicity 371:448 In this study, a nano-silver composite leading to antimicrobial activity without cytotoxicity was fabricated by loading AgNPs into a dried alginate hydrogel. 24907746 2 16 theme such 297:300 arg1 composites 302:311 such composites 297:311 such composites 297:311 However, the typical loadings of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in such composites could result in dose-related cytotoxicity. 24907746 5 17 theme released 807:814 arg1 no 823:824 the released silver no 803:824 the released silver no less than 678 ppb in the medium 803:856 The antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus demonstrated that the released silver no less than 678 ppb in the medium caused a reduction of 7log10CFU/mL (100%) bacteria. 24907746 4 18 from composite 717:725 arg1 loadings 692:699 the loadings 688:699 the loadings of AgNPs in the composite 688:725 The biological performance of this composite mainly depended on the release of AgNPs, which needed to be triggered by the ion-exchange response and was further influenced by the loadings of AgNPs in the composite. 24907746 7 19 with compatible 1101:1110 arg1 cells 1136:1140 in vitro mammalian cells 1117:1140 in vitro mammalian cells 1117:1140 These results supported that the composite was compatible with in vitro mammalian cells yet exhibited antimicrobial activity by carefully designing the loadings of AgNPs within the alginate. 24907746 3 20 theme loading 468:474 arg1 AgNPs 476:480 loading AgNPs 468:480 loading AgNPs 468:480 In this study, a nano-silver composite leading to antimicrobial activity without cytotoxicity was fabricated by loading AgNPs into a dried alginate hydrogel. 24907746 5 21 theme bacteria 900:907 arg1 reduction 867:875 a reduction 865:875 a reduction of 7log10CFU/mL (100%) bacteria 865:907 The antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus demonstrated that the released silver no less than 678 ppb in the medium caused a reduction of 7log10CFU/mL (100%) bacteria. 24907746 8 22 theme wound 1386:1390 arg1 healing 1392:1398 wound healing 1386:1398 wound healing 1386:1398 Thus, it indicated that the performance of this composite might permit management of bacterial infection in wound beds without impairment of wound healing. 24907746 1 23 theme interest 195:202 arg1 kind 112:115 a kind 110:115 a kind of antimicrobial agent 110:138 As a kind of antimicrobial agent, nano-silver composites have attracted a great deal of interest in biomedical applications. 24907746 1 23 theme interest 195:202 arg1 deal 187:190 a great deal 179:190 a great deal of interest 179:202 As a kind of antimicrobial agent, nano-silver composites have attracted a great deal of interest in biomedical applications. 24907746 8 24 theme bacterial 1330:1338 arg1 infection 1340:1348 bacterial infection 1330:1348 bacterial infection 1330:1348 Thus, it indicated that the performance of this composite might permit management of bacterial infection in wound beds without impairment of wound healing. 24907746 2 25 from loadings 253:260 arg1 composites 302:311 such composites 297:311 such composites 297:311 However, the typical loadings of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in such composites could result in dose-related cytotoxicity. 24907746 4 26 theme ion-exchange 636:647 arg1 response 649:656 the ion-exchange response 632:656 the ion-exchange response 632:656 The biological performance of this composite mainly depended on the release of AgNPs, which needed to be triggered by the ion-exchange response and was further influenced by the loadings of AgNPs in the composite. 24907746 3 27 theme antimicrobial 406:418 arg1 activity 420:427 antimicrobial activity 406:427 antimicrobial activity without cytotoxicity 406:448 In this study, a nano-silver composite leading to antimicrobial activity without cytotoxicity was fabricated by loading AgNPs into a dried alginate hydrogel. 24907746 1 28 theme biomedical 207:216 arg1 applications 218:229 biomedical applications 207:229 biomedical applications 207:229 As a kind of antimicrobial agent, nano-silver composites have attracted a great deal of interest in biomedical applications. 24907746 7 29 dep in 1117:1118 arg1 vitro 1120:1124 vitro 1120:1124 vitro 1120:1124 These results supported that the composite was compatible with in vitro mammalian cells yet exhibited antimicrobial activity by carefully designing the loadings of AgNPs within the alginate. 24907746 8 30 theme healing 1392:1398 arg1 impairment 1372:1381 impairment 1372:1381 impairment of wound healing 1372:1398 Thus, it indicated that the performance of this composite might permit management of bacterial infection in wound beds without impairment of wound healing. 24907746 8 31 theme composite 1293:1301 arg1 performance 1273:1283 the performance 1269:1283 the performance of this composite 1269:1301 Thus, it indicated that the performance of this composite might permit management of bacterial infection in wound beds without impairment of wound healing. 24907746 3 32 theme dried 489:493 arg1 hydrogel 504:511 a dried alginate hydrogel 487:511 a dried alginate hydrogel 487:511 In this study, a nano-silver composite leading to antimicrobial activity without cytotoxicity was fabricated by loading AgNPs into a dried alginate hydrogel. 24907746 0 33 theme ion-exchange 37:48 arg1 response 50:57 the ion-exchange response 33:57 the ion-exchange response for the intelligent antibacterial applications 33:104 A nano-silver composite based on the ion-exchange response for the intelligent antibacterial applications. 24907746 4 34 theme composite 549:557 arg1 performance 529:539 The biological performance 514:539 The biological performance of this composite 514:557 The biological performance of this composite mainly depended on the release of AgNPs, which needed to be triggered by the ion-exchange response and was further influenced by the loadings of AgNPs in the composite. 24907746 8 35 theme infection 1340:1348 arg1 management 1316:1325 management 1316:1325 management of bacterial infection in wound beds 1316:1362 Thus, it indicated that the performance of this composite might permit management of bacterial infection in wound beds without impairment of wound healing. 24907746 7 36 theme AgNPs 1218:1222 arg1 loadings 1206:1213 the loadings 1202:1213 the loadings of AgNPs within the alginate 1202:1242 These results supported that the composite was compatible with in vitro mammalian cells yet exhibited antimicrobial activity by carefully designing the loadings of AgNPs within the alginate. 24907746 3 37 theme alginate 495:502 arg1 hydrogel 504:511 a dried alginate hydrogel 487:511 a dried alginate hydrogel 487:511 In this study, a nano-silver composite leading to antimicrobial activity without cytotoxicity was fabricated by loading AgNPs into a dried alginate hydrogel. 24907746 4 38 theme AgNPs 704:708 arg1 loadings 692:699 the loadings 688:699 the loadings of AgNPs in the composite 688:725 The biological performance of this composite mainly depended on the release of AgNPs, which needed to be triggered by the ion-exchange response and was further influenced by the loadings of AgNPs in the composite. 24907746 1 39 theme antimicrobial 120:132 arg1 agent 134:138 antimicrobial agent 120:138 antimicrobial agent 120:138 As a kind of antimicrobial agent, nano-silver composites have attracted a great deal of interest in biomedical applications. 24907746 6 40 theme pre-osteoblast 1032:1045 arg1 cells 1047:1051 MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells 1023:1051 MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells 1023:1051 Significantly, the dose (~1.10×10(3) ppb) of released silver was not toxic and allowed attachment, and growth of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells. 24907746 6 41 theme released 955:962 arg1 silver 964:969 released silver 955:969 released silver 955:969 Significantly, the dose (~1.10×10(3) ppb) of released silver was not toxic and allowed attachment, and growth of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells. 24907746 5 42 theme 7log10CFU/mL 880:891 arg1 bacteria 900:907 7log10CFU/mL (100%) bacteria 880:907 7log10CFU/mL (100%) bacteria 880:907 The antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus demonstrated that the released silver no less than 678 ppb in the medium caused a reduction of 7log10CFU/mL (100%) bacteria. 24907746 5 42 theme 7log10CFU/mL 880:891 arg1 % 897:897 100% 894:897 100% 894:897 The antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus demonstrated that the released silver no less than 678 ppb in the medium caused a reduction of 7log10CFU/mL (100%) bacteria. 24907746 8 43 theme wound 1353:1357 arg1 beds 1359:1362 wound beds 1353:1362 wound beds 1353:1362 Thus, it indicated that the performance of this composite might permit management of bacterial infection in wound beds without impairment of wound healing. 24907746 1 44 theme agent 134:138 arg1 kind 112:115 a kind 110:115 a kind of antimicrobial agent 110:138 As a kind of antimicrobial agent, nano-silver composites have attracted a great deal of interest in biomedical applications. 24907746 1 44 theme agent 134:138 arg1 deal 187:190 a great deal 179:190 a great deal of interest 179:202 As a kind of antimicrobial agent, nano-silver composites have attracted a great deal of interest in biomedical applications. 24907746 4 45 from AgNPs 704:708 arg1 composite 717:725 the composite 713:725 the composite 713:725 The biological performance of this composite mainly depended on the release of AgNPs, which needed to be triggered by the ion-exchange response and was further influenced by the loadings of AgNPs in the composite. 24907746 6 46 theme cells 1047:1051 arg1 attachment 997:1006 attachment 997:1006 attachment 997:1006 Significantly, the dose (~1.10×10(3) ppb) of released silver was not toxic and allowed attachment, and growth of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells. 24907746 6 46 theme cells 1047:1051 arg1 growth 1013:1018 growth 1013:1018 growth 1013:1018 Significantly, the dose (~1.10×10(3) ppb) of released silver was not toxic and allowed attachment, and growth of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells. 24907746 7 47 theme antimicrobial 1156:1168 arg1 activity 1170:1177 antimicrobial activity 1156:1177 antimicrobial activity 1156:1177 These results supported that the composite was compatible with in vitro mammalian cells yet exhibited antimicrobial activity by carefully designing the loadings of AgNPs within the alginate. 24907746 6 48 theme silver 964:969 arg1 toxic 979:983 toxic 979:983 toxic 979:983 Significantly, the dose (~1.10×10(3) ppb) of released silver was not toxic and allowed attachment, and growth of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells. 24907746 6 48 theme silver 964:969 arg1 dose 929:932 the dose 925:932 the dose (~1.10×10(3) ppb) of released silver 925:969 Significantly, the dose (~1.10×10(3) ppb) of released silver was not toxic and allowed attachment, and growth of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells. 24907746 6 48 theme silver 964:969 arg1 ppb 947:949 ~1.10×10(3) ppb 935:949 ~1.10×10(3) ppb 935:949 Significantly, the dose (~1.10×10(3) ppb) of released silver was not toxic and allowed attachment, and growth of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells. 24907746 2 49 theme typical 245:251 arg1 loadings 253:260 the typical loadings 241:260 the typical loadings of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in such composites 241:311 However, the typical loadings of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in such composites could result in dose-related cytotoxicity. 24907746 8 50 from management 1316:1325 arg1 beds 1359:1362 wound beds 1353:1362 wound beds 1353:1362 Thus, it indicated that the performance of this composite might permit management of bacterial infection in wound beds without impairment of wound healing. 24907746 6 51 theme MC3T3-E1 1023:1030 arg1 cells 1047:1051 MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells 1023:1051 MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells 1023:1051 Significantly, the dose (~1.10×10(3) ppb) of released silver was not toxic and allowed attachment, and growth of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells. 24907746 5 52 theme silver 816:821 arg1 no 823:824 the released silver no 803:824 the released silver no less than 678 ppb in the medium 803:856 The antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus demonstrated that the released silver no less than 678 ppb in the medium caused a reduction of 7log10CFU/mL (100%) bacteria. 24907746 5 53 from ppb 840:842 arg1 medium 851:856 the medium 847:856 the medium 847:856 The antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus demonstrated that the released silver no less than 678 ppb in the medium caused a reduction of 7log10CFU/mL (100%) bacteria. 24907746 1 54 theme nano-silver 141:151 arg1 composites 153:162 nano-silver composites 141:162 nano-silver composites 141:162 As a kind of antimicrobial agent, nano-silver composites have attracted a great deal of interest in biomedical applications. 24907746 4 55 from loadings 692:699 arg1 composite 717:725 the composite 713:725 the composite 713:725 The biological performance of this composite mainly depended on the release of AgNPs, which needed to be triggered by the ion-exchange response and was further influenced by the loadings of AgNPs in the composite. 25498610 1 0 theme reduction 251:259 arg1 kinetics 231:238 kinetics 231:238 kinetics of Au(III) reduction 231:259 The mechanism of Au(III) reduction by chitosan has been proposed on the basis of comprehensive study of kinetics of Au(III) reduction and chitosan chain degradation using UV-vis spectroscopy and viscosimetry, and identification of reaction products using colloid titration and (13)C, (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 25498610 3 1 theme chitosan 621:628 arg1 species 662:668 the main reducing species 644:668 the main reducing species 644:668 The products of chitosan hydrolysis rather than chitosan itself act as the main reducing species. 25498610 3 1 theme chitosan 621:628 arg1 products 577:584 The products 573:584 The products of chitosan hydrolysis rather than chitosan itself 573:635 The products of chitosan hydrolysis rather than chitosan itself act as the main reducing species. 25498610 3 2 theme chitosan 589:596 arg1 hydrolysis 598:607 chitosan hydrolysis 589:607 chitosan hydrolysis rather than chitosan itself 589:635 The products of chitosan hydrolysis rather than chitosan itself act as the main reducing species. 25498610 6 3 theme Au 1149:1150 arg1 ratio 1172:1176 Au(III)/chitosan molar ratio 1149:1176 Au(III)/chitosan molar ratio 1149:1176 The gold particle size increased from 6.9 nm to 16.2 nm, when Au(III)/chitosan molar ratio changed from 1:80 to 1:10. 25498610 2 4 theme gold 466:469 arg1 nanoparticles 471:483 gold nanoparticles 466:483 gold nanoparticles 466:483 We have shown that formation of gold nanoparticles in H[AuCl4]/chitosan solutions starts with hydrolysis of chitosan catalyzed by Au(III). 25498610 2 5 from formation 453:461 arg1 solutions 506:514 H[AuCl4]/chitosan solutions 488:514 H[AuCl4]/chitosan solutions 488:514 We have shown that formation of gold nanoparticles in H[AuCl4]/chitosan solutions starts with hydrolysis of chitosan catalyzed by Au(III). 25498610 0 6 theme comprehensive 44:56 arg1 study 58:62 comprehensive study 44:62 Mechanism of Au(III) reduction by chitosan: comprehensive study with 13C and 1H NMR analysis of chitosan degradation products. 0:125 Mechanism of Au(III) reduction by chitosan: comprehensive study with 13C and 1H NMR analysis of chitosan degradation products. 25498610 4 7 theme H 697:697 arg1 data 716:719 H NMR spectroscopy data 697:719 H NMR spectroscopy data 697:719 According to (13)C and (1)H NMR spectroscopy data, chitosan/Au(0) composites contain chitosan with reduced molecular weight and acetylation degree, whereas water-soluble by-products consist of chitosan oligomers with higher acetylation degree, derivatives of glucosamine acids, and formate ion. 25498610 0 8 with study 58:62 arg1 analysis 84:91 13C and 1H NMR analysis 69:91 13C and 1H NMR analysis of chitosan degradation products 69:124 Mechanism of Au(III) reduction by chitosan: comprehensive study with 13C and 1H NMR analysis of chitosan degradation products. 25498610 4 9 theme spectroscopy 703:714 arg1 data 716:719 H NMR spectroscopy data 697:719 H NMR spectroscopy data 697:719 According to (13)C and (1)H NMR spectroscopy data, chitosan/Au(0) composites contain chitosan with reduced molecular weight and acetylation degree, whereas water-soluble by-products consist of chitosan oligomers with higher acetylation degree, derivatives of glucosamine acids, and formate ion. 25498610 4 10 theme NMR 699:701 arg1 data 716:719 H NMR spectroscopy data 697:719 H NMR spectroscopy data 697:719 According to (13)C and (1)H NMR spectroscopy data, chitosan/Au(0) composites contain chitosan with reduced molecular weight and acetylation degree, whereas water-soluble by-products consist of chitosan oligomers with higher acetylation degree, derivatives of glucosamine acids, and formate ion. 25498610 0 11 theme 13C 69:71 arg1 NMR 80:82 13C and 1H NMR 69:82 NMR 80:82 Mechanism of Au(III) reduction by chitosan: comprehensive study with 13C and 1H NMR analysis of chitosan degradation products. 25498610 1 12 theme chitosan 265:272 arg1 degradation 280:290 chitosan chain degradation 265:290 chitosan chain degradation 265:290 The mechanism of Au(III) reduction by chitosan has been proposed on the basis of comprehensive study of kinetics of Au(III) reduction and chitosan chain degradation using UV-vis spectroscopy and viscosimetry, and identification of reaction products using colloid titration and (13)C, (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 25498610 2 13 theme chitosan 542:549 arg1 hydrolysis 528:537 hydrolysis 528:537 hydrolysis of chitosan catalyzed by Au(III) 528:570 We have shown that formation of gold nanoparticles in H[AuCl4]/chitosan solutions starts with hydrolysis of chitosan catalyzed by Au(III). 25498610 5 14 theme gold 1056:1059 arg1 stabilizer 1075:1084 a gold nanoparticles stabilizer 1054:1084 a gold nanoparticles stabilizer 1054:1084 Chitosan degradation has significantly contributed to the decrease of its efficiency as a gold nanoparticles stabilizer. 25498610 4 15 dep contain 748:754 arg1 whereas 819:825 whereas 819:825 whereas 819:825 According to (13)C and (1)H NMR spectroscopy data, chitosan/Au(0) composites contain chitosan with reduced molecular weight and acetylation degree, whereas water-soluble by-products consist of chitosan oligomers with higher acetylation degree, derivatives of glucosamine acids, and formate ion. 25498610 1 16 theme chain 274:278 arg1 degradation 280:290 chitosan chain degradation 265:290 chitosan chain degradation 265:290 The mechanism of Au(III) reduction by chitosan has been proposed on the basis of comprehensive study of kinetics of Au(III) reduction and chitosan chain degradation using UV-vis spectroscopy and viscosimetry, and identification of reaction products using colloid titration and (13)C, (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 25498610 2 17 theme nanoparticles 471:483 arg1 formation 453:461 formation 453:461 formation of gold nanoparticles in H[AuCl4]/chitosan solutions 453:514 We have shown that formation of gold nanoparticles in H[AuCl4]/chitosan solutions starts with hydrolysis of chitosan catalyzed by Au(III). 25498610 1 18 theme colloid 382:388 arg1 titration 390:398 colloid titration 382:398 colloid titration 382:398 The mechanism of Au(III) reduction by chitosan has been proposed on the basis of comprehensive study of kinetics of Au(III) reduction and chitosan chain degradation using UV-vis spectroscopy and viscosimetry, and identification of reaction products using colloid titration and (13)C, (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 25498610 4 19 with chitosan 756:763 arg1 weight 788:793 reduced molecular weight 770:793 reduced molecular weight 770:793 According to (13)C and (1)H NMR spectroscopy data, chitosan/Au(0) composites contain chitosan with reduced molecular weight and acetylation degree, whereas water-soluble by-products consist of chitosan oligomers with higher acetylation degree, derivatives of glucosamine acids, and formate ion. 25498610 4 19 with chitosan 756:763 arg1 degree 811:816 acetylation degree 799:816 acetylation degree 799:816 According to (13)C and (1)H NMR spectroscopy data, chitosan/Au(0) composites contain chitosan with reduced molecular weight and acetylation degree, whereas water-soluble by-products consist of chitosan oligomers with higher acetylation degree, derivatives of glucosamine acids, and formate ion. 25498610 5 20 theme nanoparticles 1061:1073 arg1 stabilizer 1075:1084 a gold nanoparticles stabilizer 1054:1084 a gold nanoparticles stabilizer 1054:1084 Chitosan degradation has significantly contributed to the decrease of its efficiency as a gold nanoparticles stabilizer. 25498610 0 21 theme 1H 77:78 arg1 NMR 80:82 13C and 1H NMR 69:82 NMR 80:82 Mechanism of Au(III) reduction by chitosan: comprehensive study with 13C and 1H NMR analysis of chitosan degradation products. 25498610 1 22 theme degradation 280:290 arg1 basis 199:203 the basis 195:203 the basis of comprehensive study of kinetics of Au(III) reduction and chitosan chain degradation using UV-vis spectroscopy and viscosimetry, and identification of reaction products using colloid titration and (13)C, (1)H NMR spectroscopy 195:431 The mechanism of Au(III) reduction by chitosan has been proposed on the basis of comprehensive study of kinetics of Au(III) reduction and chitosan chain degradation using UV-vis spectroscopy and viscosimetry, and identification of reaction products using colloid titration and (13)C, (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 25498610 4 23 theme higher 888:893 arg1 degree 907:912 higher acetylation degree 888:912 higher acetylation degree 888:912 According to (13)C and (1)H NMR spectroscopy data, chitosan/Au(0) composites contain chitosan with reduced molecular weight and acetylation degree, whereas water-soluble by-products consist of chitosan oligomers with higher acetylation degree, derivatives of glucosamine acids, and formate ion. 25498610 6 24 theme 16.2 1135:1138 arg1 nm 1129:1130 nm 1129:1130 nm 1129:1130 The gold particle size increased from 6.9 nm to 16.2 nm, when Au(III)/chitosan molar ratio changed from 1:80 to 1:10. 25498610 6 25 theme particle 1096:1103 arg1 size 1105:1108 The gold particle size 1087:1108 The gold particle size 1087:1108 The gold particle size increased from 6.9 nm to 16.2 nm, when Au(III)/chitosan molar ratio changed from 1:80 to 1:10. 25498610 4 26 theme molecular 778:786 arg1 weight 788:793 reduced molecular weight 770:793 reduced molecular weight 770:793 According to (13)C and (1)H NMR spectroscopy data, chitosan/Au(0) composites contain chitosan with reduced molecular weight and acetylation degree, whereas water-soluble by-products consist of chitosan oligomers with higher acetylation degree, derivatives of glucosamine acids, and formate ion. 25498610 4 27 theme chitosan 864:871 arg1 oligomers 873:881 chitosan oligomers 864:881 chitosan oligomers with higher acetylation degree, derivatives of glucosamine acids, and formate ion 864:963 According to (13)C and (1)H NMR spectroscopy data, chitosan/Au(0) composites contain chitosan with reduced molecular weight and acetylation degree, whereas water-soluble by-products consist of chitosan oligomers with higher acetylation degree, derivatives of glucosamine acids, and formate ion. 25498610 1 28 theme UV-vis 298:303 arg1 spectroscopy 305:316 UV-vis spectroscopy 298:316 UV-vis spectroscopy 298:316 The mechanism of Au(III) reduction by chitosan has been proposed on the basis of comprehensive study of kinetics of Au(III) reduction and chitosan chain degradation using UV-vis spectroscopy and viscosimetry, and identification of reaction products using colloid titration and (13)C, (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 25498610 6 29 theme 6.9 1125:1127 arg1 nm 1129:1130 nm 1129:1130 nm 1129:1130 The gold particle size increased from 6.9 nm to 16.2 nm, when Au(III)/chitosan molar ratio changed from 1:80 to 1:10. 25498610 1 30 dep reduction 251:259 arg1 III 246:248 III 246:248 III 246:248 The mechanism of Au(III) reduction by chitosan has been proposed on the basis of comprehensive study of kinetics of Au(III) reduction and chitosan chain degradation using UV-vis spectroscopy and viscosimetry, and identification of reaction products using colloid titration and (13)C, (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 25498610 1 31 theme Au 144:145 arg1 reduction 152:160 Au(III) reduction 144:160 Au(III) reduction 144:160 The mechanism of Au(III) reduction by chitosan has been proposed on the basis of comprehensive study of kinetics of Au(III) reduction and chitosan chain degradation using UV-vis spectroscopy and viscosimetry, and identification of reaction products using colloid titration and (13)C, (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 25498610 1 32 theme comprehensive 208:220 arg1 study 222:226 comprehensive study 208:226 comprehensive study of kinetics of Au(III) reduction 208:259 The mechanism of Au(III) reduction by chitosan has been proposed on the basis of comprehensive study of kinetics of Au(III) reduction and chitosan chain degradation using UV-vis spectroscopy and viscosimetry, and identification of reaction products using colloid titration and (13)C, (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 25498610 2 33 theme /chitosan 496:504 arg1 solutions 506:514 H[AuCl4]/chitosan solutions 488:514 H[AuCl4]/chitosan solutions 488:514 We have shown that formation of gold nanoparticles in H[AuCl4]/chitosan solutions starts with hydrolysis of chitosan catalyzed by Au(III). 25498610 4 34 contain contain 748:754 arg2 chitosan 756:763 chitosan 756:763 chitosan with reduced molecular weight and acetylation degree 756:816 According to (13)C and (1)H NMR spectroscopy data, chitosan/Au(0) composites contain chitosan with reduced molecular weight and acetylation degree, whereas water-soluble by-products consist of chitosan oligomers with higher acetylation degree, derivatives of glucosamine acids, and formate ion. 25498610 4 34 contain contain 748:754 arg1 composites 737:746 chitosan/Au(0) composites 722:746 chitosan/Au(0) composites 722:746 According to (13)C and (1)H NMR spectroscopy data, chitosan/Au(0) composites contain chitosan with reduced molecular weight and acetylation degree, whereas water-soluble by-products consist of chitosan oligomers with higher acetylation degree, derivatives of glucosamine acids, and formate ion. 25498610 1 35 theme study 222:226 arg1 basis 199:203 the basis 195:203 the basis of comprehensive study of kinetics of Au(III) reduction and chitosan chain degradation using UV-vis spectroscopy and viscosimetry, and identification of reaction products using colloid titration and (13)C, (1)H NMR spectroscopy 195:431 The mechanism of Au(III) reduction by chitosan has been proposed on the basis of comprehensive study of kinetics of Au(III) reduction and chitosan chain degradation using UV-vis spectroscopy and viscosimetry, and identification of reaction products using colloid titration and (13)C, (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 25498610 6 36 theme /chitosan 1156:1164 arg1 ratio 1172:1176 Au(III)/chitosan molar ratio 1149:1176 Au(III)/chitosan molar ratio 1149:1176 The gold particle size increased from 6.9 nm to 16.2 nm, when Au(III)/chitosan molar ratio changed from 1:80 to 1:10. 25498610 1 37 theme products 367:374 arg1 viscosimetry 322:333 viscosimetry 322:333 viscosimetry 322:333 The mechanism of Au(III) reduction by chitosan has been proposed on the basis of comprehensive study of kinetics of Au(III) reduction and chitosan chain degradation using UV-vis spectroscopy and viscosimetry, and identification of reaction products using colloid titration and (13)C, (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 25498610 1 37 theme products 367:374 arg1 identification 340:353 identification 340:353 identification of reaction products using colloid titration 340:398 The mechanism of Au(III) reduction by chitosan has been proposed on the basis of comprehensive study of kinetics of Au(III) reduction and chitosan chain degradation using UV-vis spectroscopy and viscosimetry, and identification of reaction products using colloid titration and (13)C, (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 25498610 1 37 theme products 367:374 arg1 C 408:408 (13)C 404:408 (13)C 404:408 The mechanism of Au(III) reduction by chitosan has been proposed on the basis of comprehensive study of kinetics of Au(III) reduction and chitosan chain degradation using UV-vis spectroscopy and viscosimetry, and identification of reaction products using colloid titration and (13)C, (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 25498610 4 38 dep C 688:688 arg1 data 716:719 H NMR spectroscopy data 697:719 H NMR spectroscopy data 697:719 According to (13)C and (1)H NMR spectroscopy data, chitosan/Au(0) composites contain chitosan with reduced molecular weight and acetylation degree, whereas water-soluble by-products consist of chitosan oligomers with higher acetylation degree, derivatives of glucosamine acids, and formate ion. 25498610 0 39 theme Au 13:14 arg1 reduction 21:29 Au(III) reduction 13:29 Au(III) reduction 13:29 Mechanism of Au(III) reduction by chitosan: comprehensive study with 13C and 1H NMR analysis of chitosan degradation products. 25498610 5 40 theme Chitosan 966:973 arg1 degradation 975:985 Chitosan degradation 966:985 Chitosan degradation 966:985 Chitosan degradation has significantly contributed to the decrease of its efficiency as a gold nanoparticles stabilizer. 25498610 0 41 theme NMR 80:82 arg1 analysis 84:91 13C and 1H NMR analysis 69:91 13C and 1H NMR analysis of chitosan degradation products 69:124 Mechanism of Au(III) reduction by chitosan: comprehensive study with 13C and 1H NMR analysis of chitosan degradation products. 25498610 6 42 dep nm 1129:1130 arg1 to 1132:1133 to 1132:1133 to 1132:1133 The gold particle size increased from 6.9 nm to 16.2 nm, when Au(III)/chitosan molar ratio changed from 1:80 to 1:10. 25498610 4 43 theme water-soluble 827:839 arg1 by-products 841:851 water-soluble by-products 827:851 water-soluble by-products 827:851 According to (13)C and (1)H NMR spectroscopy data, chitosan/Au(0) composites contain chitosan with reduced molecular weight and acetylation degree, whereas water-soluble by-products consist of chitosan oligomers with higher acetylation degree, derivatives of glucosamine acids, and formate ion. 25498610 1 44 theme kinetics 231:238 arg1 degradation 280:290 chitosan chain degradation 265:290 chitosan chain degradation 265:290 The mechanism of Au(III) reduction by chitosan has been proposed on the basis of comprehensive study of kinetics of Au(III) reduction and chitosan chain degradation using UV-vis spectroscopy and viscosimetry, and identification of reaction products using colloid titration and (13)C, (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 25498610 1 44 theme kinetics 231:238 arg1 study 222:226 comprehensive study 208:226 comprehensive study of kinetics of Au(III) reduction 208:259 The mechanism of Au(III) reduction by chitosan has been proposed on the basis of comprehensive study of kinetics of Au(III) reduction and chitosan chain degradation using UV-vis spectroscopy and viscosimetry, and identification of reaction products using colloid titration and (13)C, (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 25498610 0 45 theme chitosan 96:103 arg1 products 117:124 chitosan degradation products 96:124 chitosan degradation products 96:124 Mechanism of Au(III) reduction by chitosan: comprehensive study with 13C and 1H NMR analysis of chitosan degradation products. 25498610 3 46 theme hydrolysis 598:607 arg1 species 662:668 the main reducing species 644:668 the main reducing species 644:668 The products of chitosan hydrolysis rather than chitosan itself act as the main reducing species. 25498610 3 46 theme hydrolysis 598:607 arg1 products 577:584 The products 573:584 The products of chitosan hydrolysis rather than chitosan itself 573:635 The products of chitosan hydrolysis rather than chitosan itself act as the main reducing species. 25498610 4 47 theme formate 953:959 arg1 ion 961:963 formate ion 953:963 formate ion 953:963 According to (13)C and (1)H NMR spectroscopy data, chitosan/Au(0) composites contain chitosan with reduced molecular weight and acetylation degree, whereas water-soluble by-products consist of chitosan oligomers with higher acetylation degree, derivatives of glucosamine acids, and formate ion. 25498610 1 48 theme reduction 152:160 arg1 mechanism 131:139 The mechanism 127:139 The mechanism of Au(III) reduction by chitosan 127:172 The mechanism of Au(III) reduction by chitosan has been proposed on the basis of comprehensive study of kinetics of Au(III) reduction and chitosan chain degradation using UV-vis spectroscopy and viscosimetry, and identification of reaction products using colloid titration and (13)C, (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 25498610 3 49 theme main 648:651 arg1 species 662:668 the main reducing species 644:668 the main reducing species 644:668 The products of chitosan hydrolysis rather than chitosan itself act as the main reducing species. 25498610 3 49 theme main 648:651 arg1 products 577:584 The products 573:584 The products of chitosan hydrolysis rather than chitosan itself 573:635 The products of chitosan hydrolysis rather than chitosan itself act as the main reducing species. 25498610 0 50 dep reduction 21:29 arg1 III 16:18 III 16:18 III 16:18 Mechanism of Au(III) reduction by chitosan: comprehensive study with 13C and 1H NMR analysis of chitosan degradation products. 25498610 5 51 theme efficiency 1040:1049 arg1 decrease 1024:1031 the decrease 1020:1031 the decrease of its efficiency 1020:1049 Chitosan degradation has significantly contributed to the decrease of its efficiency as a gold nanoparticles stabilizer. 25498610 6 52 theme molar 1166:1170 arg1 ratio 1172:1176 Au(III)/chitosan molar ratio 1149:1176 Au(III)/chitosan molar ratio 1149:1176 The gold particle size increased from 6.9 nm to 16.2 nm, when Au(III)/chitosan molar ratio changed from 1:80 to 1:10. 25498610 1 53 theme Au 243:244 arg1 reduction 251:259 Au(III) reduction 243:259 Au(III) reduction 243:259 The mechanism of Au(III) reduction by chitosan has been proposed on the basis of comprehensive study of kinetics of Au(III) reduction and chitosan chain degradation using UV-vis spectroscopy and viscosimetry, and identification of reaction products using colloid titration and (13)C, (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 25498610 0 54 theme products 117:124 arg1 analysis 84:91 13C and 1H NMR analysis 69:91 13C and 1H NMR analysis of chitosan degradation products 69:124 Mechanism of Au(III) reduction by chitosan: comprehensive study with 13C and 1H NMR analysis of chitosan degradation products. 25498610 6 55 dep ratio 1172:1176 arg1 III 1152:1154 III 1152:1154 III 1152:1154 The gold particle size increased from 6.9 nm to 16.2 nm, when Au(III)/chitosan molar ratio changed from 1:80 to 1:10. 25498610 0 56 theme reduction 21:29 arg1 Mechanism 0:8 Mechanism 0:8 Mechanism of Au(III) reduction by chitosan: comprehensive study with 13C and 1H NMR analysis of chitosan degradation products. 0:125 Mechanism of Au(III) reduction by chitosan: comprehensive study with 13C and 1H NMR analysis of chitosan degradation products. 25498610 4 57 theme chitosan/Au 722:732 arg1 composites 737:746 chitosan/Au(0) composites 722:746 chitosan/Au(0) composites 722:746 According to (13)C and (1)H NMR spectroscopy data, chitosan/Au(0) composites contain chitosan with reduced molecular weight and acetylation degree, whereas water-soluble by-products consist of chitosan oligomers with higher acetylation degree, derivatives of glucosamine acids, and formate ion. 25498610 0 58 theme degradation 105:115 arg1 products 117:124 chitosan degradation products 96:124 chitosan degradation products 96:124 Mechanism of Au(III) reduction by chitosan: comprehensive study with 13C and 1H NMR analysis of chitosan degradation products. 25498610 4 59 theme reduced 770:776 arg1 weight 788:793 reduced molecular weight 770:793 reduced molecular weight 770:793 According to (13)C and (1)H NMR spectroscopy data, chitosan/Au(0) composites contain chitosan with reduced molecular weight and acetylation degree, whereas water-soluble by-products consist of chitosan oligomers with higher acetylation degree, derivatives of glucosamine acids, and formate ion. 25498610 6 60 dep 1:10 1199:1202 arg1 to 1196:1197 to 1196:1197 to 1196:1197 The gold particle size increased from 6.9 nm to 16.2 nm, when Au(III)/chitosan molar ratio changed from 1:80 to 1:10. 25498610 1 61 dep reduction 152:160 arg1 III 147:149 III 147:149 III 147:149 The mechanism of Au(III) reduction by chitosan has been proposed on the basis of comprehensive study of kinetics of Au(III) reduction and chitosan chain degradation using UV-vis spectroscopy and viscosimetry, and identification of reaction products using colloid titration and (13)C, (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 25498610 4 62 with oligomers 873:881 arg1 degree 907:912 higher acetylation degree 888:912 higher acetylation degree 888:912 According to (13)C and (1)H NMR spectroscopy data, chitosan/Au(0) composites contain chitosan with reduced molecular weight and acetylation degree, whereas water-soluble by-products consist of chitosan oligomers with higher acetylation degree, derivatives of glucosamine acids, and formate ion. 25498610 4 62 with oligomers 873:881 arg1 ion 961:963 formate ion 953:963 formate ion 953:963 According to (13)C and (1)H NMR spectroscopy data, chitosan/Au(0) composites contain chitosan with reduced molecular weight and acetylation degree, whereas water-soluble by-products consist of chitosan oligomers with higher acetylation degree, derivatives of glucosamine acids, and formate ion. 25498610 4 62 with oligomers 873:881 arg1 derivatives 915:925 derivatives 915:925 derivatives of glucosamine acids 915:946 According to (13)C and (1)H NMR spectroscopy data, chitosan/Au(0) composites contain chitosan with reduced molecular weight and acetylation degree, whereas water-soluble by-products consist of chitosan oligomers with higher acetylation degree, derivatives of glucosamine acids, and formate ion. 25498610 6 63 theme gold 1091:1094 arg1 size 1105:1108 The gold particle size 1087:1108 The gold particle size 1087:1108 The gold particle size increased from 6.9 nm to 16.2 nm, when Au(III)/chitosan molar ratio changed from 1:80 to 1:10. 25498610 4 64 theme acids 942:946 arg1 degree 907:912 higher acetylation degree 888:912 higher acetylation degree 888:912 According to (13)C and (1)H NMR spectroscopy data, chitosan/Au(0) composites contain chitosan with reduced molecular weight and acetylation degree, whereas water-soluble by-products consist of chitosan oligomers with higher acetylation degree, derivatives of glucosamine acids, and formate ion. 25498610 4 64 theme acids 942:946 arg1 ion 961:963 formate ion 953:963 formate ion 953:963 According to (13)C and (1)H NMR spectroscopy data, chitosan/Au(0) composites contain chitosan with reduced molecular weight and acetylation degree, whereas water-soluble by-products consist of chitosan oligomers with higher acetylation degree, derivatives of glucosamine acids, and formate ion. 25498610 4 64 theme acids 942:946 arg1 derivatives 915:925 derivatives 915:925 derivatives of glucosamine acids 915:946 According to (13)C and (1)H NMR spectroscopy data, chitosan/Au(0) composites contain chitosan with reduced molecular weight and acetylation degree, whereas water-soluble by-products consist of chitosan oligomers with higher acetylation degree, derivatives of glucosamine acids, and formate ion. 25498610 4 65 theme acetylation 799:809 arg1 degree 811:816 acetylation degree 799:816 acetylation degree 799:816 According to (13)C and (1)H NMR spectroscopy data, chitosan/Au(0) composites contain chitosan with reduced molecular weight and acetylation degree, whereas water-soluble by-products consist of chitosan oligomers with higher acetylation degree, derivatives of glucosamine acids, and formate ion. 25498610 1 66 theme reaction 358:365 arg1 products 367:374 reaction products 358:374 reaction products using colloid titration 358:398 The mechanism of Au(III) reduction by chitosan has been proposed on the basis of comprehensive study of kinetics of Au(III) reduction and chitosan chain degradation using UV-vis spectroscopy and viscosimetry, and identification of reaction products using colloid titration and (13)C, (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 25498610 1 67 theme H 414:414 arg1 spectroscopy 420:431 (1)H NMR spectroscopy 411:431 (1)H NMR spectroscopy 411:431 The mechanism of Au(III) reduction by chitosan has been proposed on the basis of comprehensive study of kinetics of Au(III) reduction and chitosan chain degradation using UV-vis spectroscopy and viscosimetry, and identification of reaction products using colloid titration and (13)C, (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 25498610 4 68 theme glucosamine 930:940 arg1 acids 942:946 glucosamine acids 930:946 glucosamine acids 930:946 According to (13)C and (1)H NMR spectroscopy data, chitosan/Au(0) composites contain chitosan with reduced molecular weight and acetylation degree, whereas water-soluble by-products consist of chitosan oligomers with higher acetylation degree, derivatives of glucosamine acids, and formate ion. 25498610 1 69 dep spectroscopy 305:316 arg1 spectroscopy 420:431 (1)H NMR spectroscopy 411:431 (1)H NMR spectroscopy 411:431 The mechanism of Au(III) reduction by chitosan has been proposed on the basis of comprehensive study of kinetics of Au(III) reduction and chitosan chain degradation using UV-vis spectroscopy and viscosimetry, and identification of reaction products using colloid titration and (13)C, (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 25498610 0 70 dep Mechanism 0:8 arg1 study 58:62 comprehensive study 44:62 Mechanism of Au(III) reduction by chitosan: comprehensive study with 13C and 1H NMR analysis of chitosan degradation products. 0:125 Mechanism of Au(III) reduction by chitosan: comprehensive study with 13C and 1H NMR analysis of chitosan degradation products. 25498610 1 71 theme NMR 416:418 arg1 spectroscopy 420:431 (1)H NMR spectroscopy 411:431 (1)H NMR spectroscopy 411:431 The mechanism of Au(III) reduction by chitosan has been proposed on the basis of comprehensive study of kinetics of Au(III) reduction and chitosan chain degradation using UV-vis spectroscopy and viscosimetry, and identification of reaction products using colloid titration and (13)C, (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 25498610 4 72 theme acetylation 895:905 arg1 degree 907:912 higher acetylation degree 888:912 higher acetylation degree 888:912 According to (13)C and (1)H NMR spectroscopy data, chitosan/Au(0) composites contain chitosan with reduced molecular weight and acetylation degree, whereas water-soluble by-products consist of chitosan oligomers with higher acetylation degree, derivatives of glucosamine acids, and formate ion. 25498610 3 73 theme reducing 653:660 arg1 species 662:668 the main reducing species 644:668 the main reducing species 644:668 The products of chitosan hydrolysis rather than chitosan itself act as the main reducing species. 25498610 3 73 theme reducing 653:660 arg1 products 577:584 The products 573:584 The products of chitosan hydrolysis rather than chitosan itself 573:635 The products of chitosan hydrolysis rather than chitosan itself act as the main reducing species. 24658021 1 0 theme inherent 91:98 arg1 incorporation 198:210 the incorporation 194:210 the incorporation of adequate mechanical characteristics into the materials which recapitulate that of the native tissue, whilst maintaining cell proliferation and nutrient transfer qualities 194:384 An inherent difficulty associated with the application of suitable bioscaffolds for tissue engineering is the incorporation of adequate mechanical characteristics into the materials which recapitulate that of the native tissue, whilst maintaining cell proliferation and nutrient transfer qualities. 24658021 1 0 theme inherent 91:98 arg1 difficulty 100:109 An inherent difficulty 88:109 An inherent difficulty associated with the application of suitable bioscaffolds for tissue engineering 88:189 An inherent difficulty associated with the application of suitable bioscaffolds for tissue engineering is the incorporation of adequate mechanical characteristics into the materials which recapitulate that of the native tissue, whilst maintaining cell proliferation and nutrient transfer qualities. 24658021 1 1 theme native 301:306 arg1 tissue 308:313 the native tissue 297:313 the native tissue 297:313 An inherent difficulty associated with the application of suitable bioscaffolds for tissue engineering is the incorporation of adequate mechanical characteristics into the materials which recapitulate that of the native tissue, whilst maintaining cell proliferation and nutrient transfer qualities. 24658021 3 2 theme extrusion 610:618 arg1 printing 620:627 the coaxial melt extrusion printing 593:627 the coaxial melt extrusion printing of core-shell scaffold structures 593:661 In this work, a technique for the coaxial melt extrusion printing of core-shell scaffold structures was designed, implemented and assessed with respect to the repeatability, cell efficacy and scaffold porosity obtainable. 24658021 5 3 theme extrusion 984:992 arg1 nozzle 994:999 a high resolution stainless steel 316 L coaxial extrusion nozzle 936:999 a high resolution stainless steel 316 L coaxial extrusion nozzle 936:999 Selective laser melting was used to produce a high resolution stainless steel 316 L coaxial extrusion nozzle, exhibiting diameters of 300 μm/900 μm for the inner and outer nozzles respectively. 24658021 7 4 theme cell-line 1476:1484 arg1 fibroblast 1465:1474 an L-929 mouse fibroblast 1450:1474 an L-929 mouse fibroblast cell-line within the scaffolds 1450:1505 Furthermore the tuneability of scaffold porosity, pore size and interconnectivity, as well as the preliminary inclusion, compatibility and survival of an L-929 mouse fibroblast cell-line within the scaffolds were explored. 24658021 6 5 theme fibre 1205:1209 arg1 diameter 1211:1218 total fibre diameter 1199:1218 total fibre diameter as low as 600 μm and core material offset as low as 10% of the total diameter 1199:1296 We present coaxial melt extrusion printed scaffolds of Alg-PCL cofibres with ~0.4 volume fraction alginate, with total fibre diameter as low as 600 μm and core material offset as low as 10% of the total diameter. 24658021 5 6 theme steel 964:968 arg1 nozzle 994:999 a high resolution stainless steel 316 L coaxial extrusion nozzle 936:999 a high resolution stainless steel 316 L coaxial extrusion nozzle 936:999 Selective laser melting was used to produce a high resolution stainless steel 316 L coaxial extrusion nozzle, exhibiting diameters of 300 μm/900 μm for the inner and outer nozzles respectively. 24658021 8 7 theme preliminary 1527:1537 arg1 work 1544:1547 This preliminary cell work 1522:1547 This preliminary cell work 1522:1547 This preliminary cell work highlighted the need for optimal material selection and further design reiteration in future research. 24658021 7 8 theme mouse 1459:1463 arg1 fibroblast 1465:1474 an L-929 mouse fibroblast 1450:1474 an L-929 mouse fibroblast cell-line within the scaffolds 1450:1505 Furthermore the tuneability of scaffold porosity, pore size and interconnectivity, as well as the preliminary inclusion, compatibility and survival of an L-929 mouse fibroblast cell-line within the scaffolds were explored. 24658021 8 9 from selection 1591:1599 arg1 research 1642:1649 future research 1635:1649 future research 1635:1649 This preliminary cell work highlighted the need for optimal material selection and further design reiteration in future research. 24658021 5 10 theme L 974:974 arg1 nozzle 994:999 a high resolution stainless steel 316 L coaxial extrusion nozzle 936:999 a high resolution stainless steel 316 L coaxial extrusion nozzle 936:999 Selective laser melting was used to produce a high resolution stainless steel 316 L coaxial extrusion nozzle, exhibiting diameters of 300 μm/900 μm for the inner and outer nozzles respectively. 24658021 6 11 with cofibres 1149:1156 arg1 alginate 1184:1191 ~0.4 volume fraction alginate 1163:1191 ~0.4 volume fraction alginate 1163:1191 We present coaxial melt extrusion printed scaffolds of Alg-PCL cofibres with ~0.4 volume fraction alginate, with total fibre diameter as low as 600 μm and core material offset as low as 10% of the total diameter. 24658021 4 12 theme polycaprolactone 830:845 arg1 scaffolds 865:873 Encapsulated alginate hydrogel/thermoplastic polycaprolactone (Alg-PCL) cofibre scaffolds 785:873 Encapsulated alginate hydrogel/thermoplastic polycaprolactone (Alg-PCL) cofibre scaffolds 785:873 Encapsulated alginate hydrogel/thermoplastic polycaprolactone (Alg-PCL) cofibre scaffolds were fabricated. 24658021 5 13 theme μm 1037:1038 arg1 diameters 1013:1021 diameters 1013:1021 diameters of 300 μm/900 μm for the inner and outer nozzles respectively 1013:1083 Selective laser melting was used to produce a high resolution stainless steel 316 L coaxial extrusion nozzle, exhibiting diameters of 300 μm/900 μm for the inner and outer nozzles respectively. 24658021 6 14 theme diameter 1289:1296 arg1 diameter 1289:1296 the total diameter 1279:1296 the total diameter 1279:1296 We present coaxial melt extrusion printed scaffolds of Alg-PCL cofibres with ~0.4 volume fraction alginate, with total fibre diameter as low as 600 μm and core material offset as low as 10% of the total diameter. 24658021 6 14 theme diameter 1289:1296 arg1 % 1274:1274 10% 1272:1274 10% of the total diameter 1272:1296 We present coaxial melt extrusion printed scaffolds of Alg-PCL cofibres with ~0.4 volume fraction alginate, with total fibre diameter as low as 600 μm and core material offset as low as 10% of the total diameter. 24658021 7 15 theme survival 1438:1445 arg1 tuneability 1315:1325 the tuneability 1311:1325 the tuneability of scaffold porosity, pore size and interconnectivity, as well as the preliminary inclusion, compatibility and survival of an L-929 mouse fibroblast cell-line within the scaffolds 1311:1505 Furthermore the tuneability of scaffold porosity, pore size and interconnectivity, as well as the preliminary inclusion, compatibility and survival of an L-929 mouse fibroblast cell-line within the scaffolds were explored. 24658021 4 16 theme Alg-PCL 848:854 arg1 scaffolds 865:873 Encapsulated alginate hydrogel/thermoplastic polycaprolactone (Alg-PCL) cofibre scaffolds 785:873 Encapsulated alginate hydrogel/thermoplastic polycaprolactone (Alg-PCL) cofibre scaffolds 785:873 Encapsulated alginate hydrogel/thermoplastic polycaprolactone (Alg-PCL) cofibre scaffolds were fabricated. 24658021 1 17 theme suitable 146:153 arg1 bioscaffolds 155:166 suitable bioscaffolds 146:166 suitable bioscaffolds for tissue engineering 146:189 An inherent difficulty associated with the application of suitable bioscaffolds for tissue engineering is the incorporation of adequate mechanical characteristics into the materials which recapitulate that of the native tissue, whilst maintaining cell proliferation and nutrient transfer qualities. 24658021 6 18 theme Alg-PCL 1141:1147 arg1 cofibres 1149:1156 Alg-PCL cofibres 1141:1156 Alg-PCL cofibres with ~0.4 volume fraction alginate 1141:1191 We present coaxial melt extrusion printed scaffolds of Alg-PCL cofibres with ~0.4 volume fraction alginate, with total fibre diameter as low as 600 μm and core material offset as low as 10% of the total diameter. 24658021 7 19 theme compatibility 1420:1432 arg1 tuneability 1315:1325 the tuneability 1311:1325 the tuneability of scaffold porosity, pore size and interconnectivity, as well as the preliminary inclusion, compatibility and survival of an L-929 mouse fibroblast cell-line within the scaffolds 1311:1505 Furthermore the tuneability of scaffold porosity, pore size and interconnectivity, as well as the preliminary inclusion, compatibility and survival of an L-929 mouse fibroblast cell-line within the scaffolds were explored. 24658021 0 20 theme tissue 68:73 arg1 engineering 75:85 tissue engineering 68:85 tissue engineering 68:85 Coaxial additive manufacture of biomaterial composite scaffolds for tissue engineering. 24658021 1 21 theme transfer 367:374 arg1 qualities 376:384 nutrient transfer qualities 358:384 nutrient transfer qualities 358:384 An inherent difficulty associated with the application of suitable bioscaffolds for tissue engineering is the incorporation of adequate mechanical characteristics into the materials which recapitulate that of the native tissue, whilst maintaining cell proliferation and nutrient transfer qualities. 24658021 8 22 theme material 1582:1589 arg1 selection 1591:1599 optimal material selection 1574:1599 optimal material selection 1574:1599 This preliminary cell work highlighted the need for optimal material selection and further design reiteration in future research. 24658021 4 23 theme alginate 798:805 arg1 scaffolds 865:873 Encapsulated alginate hydrogel/thermoplastic polycaprolactone (Alg-PCL) cofibre scaffolds 785:873 Encapsulated alginate hydrogel/thermoplastic polycaprolactone (Alg-PCL) cofibre scaffolds 785:873 Encapsulated alginate hydrogel/thermoplastic polycaprolactone (Alg-PCL) cofibre scaffolds were fabricated. 24658021 5 24 theme laser 902:906 arg1 melting 908:914 Selective laser melting 892:914 Selective laser melting 892:914 Selective laser melting was used to produce a high resolution stainless steel 316 L coaxial extrusion nozzle, exhibiting diameters of 300 μm/900 μm for the inner and outer nozzles respectively. 24658021 5 25 theme 300 1026:1028 arg1 μm/900 1030:1035 μm/900 1030:1035 μm/900 1030:1035 Selective laser melting was used to produce a high resolution stainless steel 316 L coaxial extrusion nozzle, exhibiting diameters of 300 μm/900 μm for the inner and outer nozzles respectively. 24658021 6 26 theme extrusion 1110:1118 arg1 scaffolds 1128:1136 coaxial melt extrusion printed scaffolds 1097:1136 coaxial melt extrusion printed scaffolds of Alg-PCL cofibres with ~0.4 volume fraction alginate 1097:1191 We present coaxial melt extrusion printed scaffolds of Alg-PCL cofibres with ~0.4 volume fraction alginate, with total fibre diameter as low as 600 μm and core material offset as low as 10% of the total diameter. 24658021 6 27 theme coaxial 1097:1103 arg1 scaffolds 1128:1136 coaxial melt extrusion printed scaffolds 1097:1136 coaxial melt extrusion printed scaffolds of Alg-PCL cofibres with ~0.4 volume fraction alginate 1097:1191 We present coaxial melt extrusion printed scaffolds of Alg-PCL cofibres with ~0.4 volume fraction alginate, with total fibre diameter as low as 600 μm and core material offset as low as 10% of the total diameter. 24658021 8 28 theme design 1613:1618 arg1 reiteration 1620:1630 further design reiteration 1605:1630 further design reiteration 1605:1630 This preliminary cell work highlighted the need for optimal material selection and further design reiteration in future research. 24658021 2 29 theme tissue 533:538 arg1 scaffolds 552:560 tissue engineering scaffolds 533:560 tissue engineering scaffolds 533:560 Biomaterial composites fabricated using rapid prototyping techniques can potentially improve the functionality and patient-specific processing of tissue engineering scaffolds. 24658021 4 30 theme cofibre 857:863 arg1 scaffolds 865:873 Encapsulated alginate hydrogel/thermoplastic polycaprolactone (Alg-PCL) cofibre scaffolds 785:873 Encapsulated alginate hydrogel/thermoplastic polycaprolactone (Alg-PCL) cofibre scaffolds 785:873 Encapsulated alginate hydrogel/thermoplastic polycaprolactone (Alg-PCL) cofibre scaffolds were fabricated. 24658021 0 31 theme Coaxial 0:6 arg1 manufacture 17:27 Coaxial additive manufacture 0:27 Coaxial additive manufacture of biomaterial composite 0:52 Coaxial additive manufacture of biomaterial composite scaffolds for tissue engineering. 24658021 7 32 theme preliminary 1397:1407 arg1 inclusion 1409:1417 the preliminary inclusion 1393:1417 the preliminary inclusion 1393:1417 Furthermore the tuneability of scaffold porosity, pore size and interconnectivity, as well as the preliminary inclusion, compatibility and survival of an L-929 mouse fibroblast cell-line within the scaffolds were explored. 24658021 5 33 theme resolution 943:952 arg1 nozzle 994:999 a high resolution stainless steel 316 L coaxial extrusion nozzle 936:999 a high resolution stainless steel 316 L coaxial extrusion nozzle 936:999 Selective laser melting was used to produce a high resolution stainless steel 316 L coaxial extrusion nozzle, exhibiting diameters of 300 μm/900 μm for the inner and outer nozzles respectively. 24658021 5 34 used used 920:923 arg2 melting 908:914 Selective laser melting 892:914 Selective laser melting 892:914 Selective laser melting was used to produce a high resolution stainless steel 316 L coaxial extrusion nozzle, exhibiting diameters of 300 μm/900 μm for the inner and outer nozzles respectively. 24658021 6 35 theme volume 1168:1173 arg1 alginate 1184:1191 ~0.4 volume fraction alginate 1163:1191 ~0.4 volume fraction alginate 1163:1191 We present coaxial melt extrusion printed scaffolds of Alg-PCL cofibres with ~0.4 volume fraction alginate, with total fibre diameter as low as 600 μm and core material offset as low as 10% of the total diameter. 24658021 3 36 theme cell 737:740 arg1 efficacy 742:749 cell efficacy 737:749 cell efficacy 737:749 In this work, a technique for the coaxial melt extrusion printing of core-shell scaffold structures was designed, implemented and assessed with respect to the repeatability, cell efficacy and scaffold porosity obtainable. 24658021 0 37 theme biomaterial 32:42 arg1 composite 44:52 biomaterial composite 32:52 biomaterial composite 32:52 Coaxial additive manufacture of biomaterial composite scaffolds for tissue engineering. 24658021 1 38 theme cell 335:338 arg1 proliferation 340:352 cell proliferation 335:352 cell proliferation 335:352 An inherent difficulty associated with the application of suitable bioscaffolds for tissue engineering is the incorporation of adequate mechanical characteristics into the materials which recapitulate that of the native tissue, whilst maintaining cell proliferation and nutrient transfer qualities. 24658021 2 39 theme scaffolds 552:560 arg1 functionality 484:496 functionality 484:496 functionality 484:496 Biomaterial composites fabricated using rapid prototyping techniques can potentially improve the functionality and patient-specific processing of tissue engineering scaffolds. 24658021 2 39 theme scaffolds 552:560 arg1 processing 519:528 patient-specific processing 502:528 patient-specific processing 502:528 Biomaterial composites fabricated using rapid prototyping techniques can potentially improve the functionality and patient-specific processing of tissue engineering scaffolds. 24658021 2 40 theme Biomaterial 387:397 arg1 composites 399:408 Biomaterial composites 387:408 Biomaterial composites fabricated using rapid prototyping techniques 387:454 Biomaterial composites fabricated using rapid prototyping techniques can potentially improve the functionality and patient-specific processing of tissue engineering scaffolds. 24658021 7 41 theme interconnectivity 1363:1379 arg1 tuneability 1315:1325 the tuneability 1311:1325 the tuneability of scaffold porosity, pore size and interconnectivity, as well as the preliminary inclusion, compatibility and survival of an L-929 mouse fibroblast cell-line within the scaffolds 1311:1505 Furthermore the tuneability of scaffold porosity, pore size and interconnectivity, as well as the preliminary inclusion, compatibility and survival of an L-929 mouse fibroblast cell-line within the scaffolds were explored. 24658021 3 42 theme porosity 764:771 arg1 obtainable 773:782 scaffold porosity obtainable 755:782 scaffold porosity obtainable 755:782 In this work, a technique for the coaxial melt extrusion printing of core-shell scaffold structures was designed, implemented and assessed with respect to the repeatability, cell efficacy and scaffold porosity obtainable. 24658021 7 43 theme size 1354:1357 arg1 tuneability 1315:1325 the tuneability 1311:1325 the tuneability of scaffold porosity, pore size and interconnectivity, as well as the preliminary inclusion, compatibility and survival of an L-929 mouse fibroblast cell-line within the scaffolds 1311:1505 Furthermore the tuneability of scaffold porosity, pore size and interconnectivity, as well as the preliminary inclusion, compatibility and survival of an L-929 mouse fibroblast cell-line within the scaffolds were explored. 24658021 2 44 theme rapid 427:431 arg1 techniques 445:454 rapid prototyping techniques 427:454 rapid prototyping techniques 427:454 Biomaterial composites fabricated using rapid prototyping techniques can potentially improve the functionality and patient-specific processing of tissue engineering scaffolds. 24658021 7 45 theme scaffold 1330:1337 arg1 porosity 1339:1346 scaffold porosity 1330:1346 scaffold porosity 1330:1346 Furthermore the tuneability of scaffold porosity, pore size and interconnectivity, as well as the preliminary inclusion, compatibility and survival of an L-929 mouse fibroblast cell-line within the scaffolds were explored. 24658021 3 46 theme melt 605:608 arg1 printing 620:627 the coaxial melt extrusion printing 593:627 the coaxial melt extrusion printing of core-shell scaffold structures 593:661 In this work, a technique for the coaxial melt extrusion printing of core-shell scaffold structures was designed, implemented and assessed with respect to the repeatability, cell efficacy and scaffold porosity obtainable. 24658021 5 47 theme coaxial 976:982 arg1 nozzle 994:999 a high resolution stainless steel 316 L coaxial extrusion nozzle 936:999 a high resolution stainless steel 316 L coaxial extrusion nozzle 936:999 Selective laser melting was used to produce a high resolution stainless steel 316 L coaxial extrusion nozzle, exhibiting diameters of 300 μm/900 μm for the inner and outer nozzles respectively. 24658021 3 48 theme structures 652:661 arg1 printing 620:627 the coaxial melt extrusion printing 593:627 the coaxial melt extrusion printing of core-shell scaffold structures 593:661 In this work, a technique for the coaxial melt extrusion printing of core-shell scaffold structures was designed, implemented and assessed with respect to the repeatability, cell efficacy and scaffold porosity obtainable. 24658021 3 49 theme core-shell 632:641 arg1 structures 652:661 core-shell scaffold structures 632:661 core-shell scaffold structures 632:661 In this work, a technique for the coaxial melt extrusion printing of core-shell scaffold structures was designed, implemented and assessed with respect to the repeatability, cell efficacy and scaffold porosity obtainable. 24658021 1 50 theme adequate 215:222 arg1 characteristics 235:249 adequate mechanical characteristics 215:249 adequate mechanical characteristics 215:249 An inherent difficulty associated with the application of suitable bioscaffolds for tissue engineering is the incorporation of adequate mechanical characteristics into the materials which recapitulate that of the native tissue, whilst maintaining cell proliferation and nutrient transfer qualities. 24658021 8 51 theme cell 1539:1542 arg1 work 1544:1547 This preliminary cell work 1522:1547 This preliminary cell work 1522:1547 This preliminary cell work highlighted the need for optimal material selection and further design reiteration in future research. 24658021 6 52 theme core 1241:1244 arg1 material 1246:1253 core material 1241:1253 core material 1241:1253 We present coaxial melt extrusion printed scaffolds of Alg-PCL cofibres with ~0.4 volume fraction alginate, with total fibre diameter as low as 600 μm and core material offset as low as 10% of the total diameter. 24658021 1 53 theme characteristics 235:249 arg1 incorporation 198:210 the incorporation 194:210 the incorporation of adequate mechanical characteristics into the materials which recapitulate that of the native tissue, whilst maintaining cell proliferation and nutrient transfer qualities 194:384 An inherent difficulty associated with the application of suitable bioscaffolds for tissue engineering is the incorporation of adequate mechanical characteristics into the materials which recapitulate that of the native tissue, whilst maintaining cell proliferation and nutrient transfer qualities. 24658021 1 53 theme characteristics 235:249 arg1 difficulty 100:109 An inherent difficulty 88:109 An inherent difficulty associated with the application of suitable bioscaffolds for tissue engineering 88:189 An inherent difficulty associated with the application of suitable bioscaffolds for tissue engineering is the incorporation of adequate mechanical characteristics into the materials which recapitulate that of the native tissue, whilst maintaining cell proliferation and nutrient transfer qualities. 24658021 7 54 theme fibroblast 1465:1474 arg1 tuneability 1315:1325 the tuneability 1311:1325 the tuneability of scaffold porosity, pore size and interconnectivity, as well as the preliminary inclusion, compatibility and survival of an L-929 mouse fibroblast cell-line within the scaffolds 1311:1505 Furthermore the tuneability of scaffold porosity, pore size and interconnectivity, as well as the preliminary inclusion, compatibility and survival of an L-929 mouse fibroblast cell-line within the scaffolds were explored. 24658021 5 55 theme μm/900 1030:1035 arg1 μm 1037:1038 300 μm/900 μm 1026:1038 300 μm/900 μm 1026:1038 Selective laser melting was used to produce a high resolution stainless steel 316 L coaxial extrusion nozzle, exhibiting diameters of 300 μm/900 μm for the inner and outer nozzles respectively. 24658021 7 56 theme L-929 1453:1457 arg1 fibroblast 1465:1474 an L-929 mouse fibroblast 1450:1474 an L-929 mouse fibroblast cell-line within the scaffolds 1450:1505 Furthermore the tuneability of scaffold porosity, pore size and interconnectivity, as well as the preliminary inclusion, compatibility and survival of an L-929 mouse fibroblast cell-line within the scaffolds were explored. 24658021 4 57 theme hydrogel/thermoplastic 807:828 arg1 scaffolds 865:873 Encapsulated alginate hydrogel/thermoplastic polycaprolactone (Alg-PCL) cofibre scaffolds 785:873 Encapsulated alginate hydrogel/thermoplastic polycaprolactone (Alg-PCL) cofibre scaffolds 785:873 Encapsulated alginate hydrogel/thermoplastic polycaprolactone (Alg-PCL) cofibre scaffolds were fabricated. 24658021 6 58 theme cofibres 1149:1156 arg1 scaffolds 1128:1136 coaxial melt extrusion printed scaffolds 1097:1136 coaxial melt extrusion printed scaffolds of Alg-PCL cofibres with ~0.4 volume fraction alginate 1097:1191 We present coaxial melt extrusion printed scaffolds of Alg-PCL cofibres with ~0.4 volume fraction alginate, with total fibre diameter as low as 600 μm and core material offset as low as 10% of the total diameter. 24658021 8 59 theme optimal 1574:1580 arg1 selection 1591:1599 optimal material selection 1574:1599 optimal material selection 1574:1599 This preliminary cell work highlighted the need for optimal material selection and further design reiteration in future research. 24658021 6 60 theme total 1283:1287 arg1 diameter 1289:1296 the total diameter 1279:1296 the total diameter 1279:1296 We present coaxial melt extrusion printed scaffolds of Alg-PCL cofibres with ~0.4 volume fraction alginate, with total fibre diameter as low as 600 μm and core material offset as low as 10% of the total diameter. 24658021 5 61 theme stainless 954:962 arg1 nozzle 994:999 a high resolution stainless steel 316 L coaxial extrusion nozzle 936:999 a high resolution stainless steel 316 L coaxial extrusion nozzle 936:999 Selective laser melting was used to produce a high resolution stainless steel 316 L coaxial extrusion nozzle, exhibiting diameters of 300 μm/900 μm for the inner and outer nozzles respectively. 24658021 1 62 theme bioscaffolds 155:166 arg1 application 131:141 the application 127:141 the application of suitable bioscaffolds for tissue engineering 127:189 An inherent difficulty associated with the application of suitable bioscaffolds for tissue engineering is the incorporation of adequate mechanical characteristics into the materials which recapitulate that of the native tissue, whilst maintaining cell proliferation and nutrient transfer qualities. 24658021 5 63 theme Selective 892:900 arg1 melting 908:914 Selective laser melting 892:914 Selective laser melting 892:914 Selective laser melting was used to produce a high resolution stainless steel 316 L coaxial extrusion nozzle, exhibiting diameters of 300 μm/900 μm for the inner and outer nozzles respectively. 24658021 1 64 theme tissue 172:177 arg1 engineering 179:189 tissue engineering 172:189 tissue engineering 172:189 An inherent difficulty associated with the application of suitable bioscaffolds for tissue engineering is the incorporation of adequate mechanical characteristics into the materials which recapitulate that of the native tissue, whilst maintaining cell proliferation and nutrient transfer qualities. 24658021 6 65 theme printed 1120:1126 arg1 scaffolds 1128:1136 coaxial melt extrusion printed scaffolds 1097:1136 coaxial melt extrusion printed scaffolds of Alg-PCL cofibres with ~0.4 volume fraction alginate 1097:1191 We present coaxial melt extrusion printed scaffolds of Alg-PCL cofibres with ~0.4 volume fraction alginate, with total fibre diameter as low as 600 μm and core material offset as low as 10% of the total diameter. 24658021 8 66 theme further 1605:1611 arg1 reiteration 1620:1630 further design reiteration 1605:1630 further design reiteration 1605:1630 This preliminary cell work highlighted the need for optimal material selection and further design reiteration in future research. 24658021 4 67 theme Encapsulated 785:796 arg1 scaffolds 865:873 Encapsulated alginate hydrogel/thermoplastic polycaprolactone (Alg-PCL) cofibre scaffolds 785:873 Encapsulated alginate hydrogel/thermoplastic polycaprolactone (Alg-PCL) cofibre scaffolds 785:873 Encapsulated alginate hydrogel/thermoplastic polycaprolactone (Alg-PCL) cofibre scaffolds were fabricated. 24658021 3 68 theme scaffold 643:650 arg1 structures 652:661 core-shell scaffold structures 632:661 core-shell scaffold structures 632:661 In this work, a technique for the coaxial melt extrusion printing of core-shell scaffold structures was designed, implemented and assessed with respect to the repeatability, cell efficacy and scaffold porosity obtainable. 24658021 6 69 theme melt 1105:1108 arg1 scaffolds 1128:1136 coaxial melt extrusion printed scaffolds 1097:1136 coaxial melt extrusion printed scaffolds of Alg-PCL cofibres with ~0.4 volume fraction alginate 1097:1191 We present coaxial melt extrusion printed scaffolds of Alg-PCL cofibres with ~0.4 volume fraction alginate, with total fibre diameter as low as 600 μm and core material offset as low as 10% of the total diameter. 24658021 1 70 theme mechanical 224:233 arg1 characteristics 235:249 adequate mechanical characteristics 215:249 adequate mechanical characteristics 215:249 An inherent difficulty associated with the application of suitable bioscaffolds for tissue engineering is the incorporation of adequate mechanical characteristics into the materials which recapitulate that of the native tissue, whilst maintaining cell proliferation and nutrient transfer qualities. 24658021 6 71 theme total 1199:1203 arg1 diameter 1211:1218 total fibre diameter 1199:1218 total fibre diameter as low as 600 μm and core material offset as low as 10% of the total diameter 1199:1296 We present coaxial melt extrusion printed scaffolds of Alg-PCL cofibres with ~0.4 volume fraction alginate, with total fibre diameter as low as 600 μm and core material offset as low as 10% of the total diameter. 24658021 8 72 theme future 1635:1640 arg1 research 1642:1649 future research 1635:1649 future research 1635:1649 This preliminary cell work highlighted the need for optimal material selection and further design reiteration in future research. 24658021 0 73 theme additive 8:15 arg1 manufacture 17:27 Coaxial additive manufacture 0:27 Coaxial additive manufacture of biomaterial composite 0:52 Coaxial additive manufacture of biomaterial composite scaffolds for tissue engineering. 24658021 5 74 theme inner 1048:1052 arg1 nozzles 1064:1070 the inner and outer nozzles 1044:1070 the inner and outer nozzles respectively 1044:1083 Selective laser melting was used to produce a high resolution stainless steel 316 L coaxial extrusion nozzle, exhibiting diameters of 300 μm/900 μm for the inner and outer nozzles respectively. 24658021 2 75 theme prototyping 433:443 arg1 techniques 445:454 rapid prototyping techniques 427:454 rapid prototyping techniques 427:454 Biomaterial composites fabricated using rapid prototyping techniques can potentially improve the functionality and patient-specific processing of tissue engineering scaffolds. 24658021 5 76 theme high 938:941 arg1 nozzle 994:999 a high resolution stainless steel 316 L coaxial extrusion nozzle 936:999 a high resolution stainless steel 316 L coaxial extrusion nozzle 936:999 Selective laser melting was used to produce a high resolution stainless steel 316 L coaxial extrusion nozzle, exhibiting diameters of 300 μm/900 μm for the inner and outer nozzles respectively. 24658021 5 77 theme outer 1058:1062 arg1 nozzles 1064:1070 the inner and outer nozzles 1044:1070 the inner and outer nozzles respectively 1044:1083 Selective laser melting was used to produce a high resolution stainless steel 316 L coaxial extrusion nozzle, exhibiting diameters of 300 μm/900 μm for the inner and outer nozzles respectively. 24658021 6 78 theme fraction 1175:1182 arg1 alginate 1184:1191 ~0.4 volume fraction alginate 1163:1191 ~0.4 volume fraction alginate 1163:1191 We present coaxial melt extrusion printed scaffolds of Alg-PCL cofibres with ~0.4 volume fraction alginate, with total fibre diameter as low as 600 μm and core material offset as low as 10% of the total diameter. 24658021 2 79 theme patient-specific 502:517 arg1 processing 519:528 patient-specific processing 502:528 patient-specific processing 502:528 Biomaterial composites fabricated using rapid prototyping techniques can potentially improve the functionality and patient-specific processing of tissue engineering scaffolds. 24658021 6 80 theme low 1223:1225 arg1 diameter 1211:1218 total fibre diameter 1199:1218 total fibre diameter as low as 600 μm and core material offset as low as 10% of the total diameter 1199:1296 We present coaxial melt extrusion printed scaffolds of Alg-PCL cofibres with ~0.4 volume fraction alginate, with total fibre diameter as low as 600 μm and core material offset as low as 10% of the total diameter. 24658021 0 81 theme composite 44:52 arg1 manufacture 17:27 Coaxial additive manufacture 0:27 Coaxial additive manufacture of biomaterial composite 0:52 Coaxial additive manufacture of biomaterial composite scaffolds for tissue engineering. 24658021 6 82 theme ~0.4 1163:1166 arg1 volume 1168:1173 volume 1168:1173 volume 1168:1173 We present coaxial melt extrusion printed scaffolds of Alg-PCL cofibres with ~0.4 volume fraction alginate, with total fibre diameter as low as 600 μm and core material offset as low as 10% of the total diameter. 24658021 7 83 theme inclusion 1409:1417 arg1 tuneability 1315:1325 the tuneability 1311:1325 the tuneability of scaffold porosity, pore size and interconnectivity, as well as the preliminary inclusion, compatibility and survival of an L-929 mouse fibroblast cell-line within the scaffolds 1311:1505 Furthermore the tuneability of scaffold porosity, pore size and interconnectivity, as well as the preliminary inclusion, compatibility and survival of an L-929 mouse fibroblast cell-line within the scaffolds were explored. 24658021 8 84 from reiteration 1620:1630 arg1 research 1642:1649 future research 1635:1649 future research 1635:1649 This preliminary cell work highlighted the need for optimal material selection and further design reiteration in future research. 24658021 2 85 theme engineering 540:550 arg1 scaffolds 552:560 tissue engineering scaffolds 533:560 tissue engineering scaffolds 533:560 Biomaterial composites fabricated using rapid prototyping techniques can potentially improve the functionality and patient-specific processing of tissue engineering scaffolds. 24658021 3 86 theme scaffold 755:762 arg1 obtainable 773:782 scaffold porosity obtainable 755:782 scaffold porosity obtainable 755:782 In this work, a technique for the coaxial melt extrusion printing of core-shell scaffold structures was designed, implemented and assessed with respect to the repeatability, cell efficacy and scaffold porosity obtainable. 24658021 2 87 dep functionality 484:496 arg1 the 480:482 the 480:482 the 480:482 Biomaterial composites fabricated using rapid prototyping techniques can potentially improve the functionality and patient-specific processing of tissue engineering scaffolds. 24658021 1 88 theme nutrient 358:365 arg1 qualities 376:384 nutrient transfer qualities 358:384 nutrient transfer qualities 358:384 An inherent difficulty associated with the application of suitable bioscaffolds for tissue engineering is the incorporation of adequate mechanical characteristics into the materials which recapitulate that of the native tissue, whilst maintaining cell proliferation and nutrient transfer qualities. 24658021 7 89 theme pore 1349:1352 arg1 size 1354:1357 pore size 1349:1357 pore size 1349:1357 Furthermore the tuneability of scaffold porosity, pore size and interconnectivity, as well as the preliminary inclusion, compatibility and survival of an L-929 mouse fibroblast cell-line within the scaffolds were explored. 24658021 7 90 theme porosity 1339:1346 arg1 tuneability 1315:1325 the tuneability 1311:1325 the tuneability of scaffold porosity, pore size and interconnectivity, as well as the preliminary inclusion, compatibility and survival of an L-929 mouse fibroblast cell-line within the scaffolds 1311:1505 Furthermore the tuneability of scaffold porosity, pore size and interconnectivity, as well as the preliminary inclusion, compatibility and survival of an L-929 mouse fibroblast cell-line within the scaffolds were explored. 24658021 3 91 theme coaxial 597:603 arg1 printing 620:627 the coaxial melt extrusion printing 593:627 the coaxial melt extrusion printing of core-shell scaffold structures 593:661 In this work, a technique for the coaxial melt extrusion printing of core-shell scaffold structures was designed, implemented and assessed with respect to the repeatability, cell efficacy and scaffold porosity obtainable. 27474638 2 0 theme aqueous 327:333 arg1 medium 335:340 aqueous medium 327:340 aqueous medium without alteration of the crystalline domains 327:386 In this work we report the modification of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) fibers from cotton linters by propargyl bromide, in aqueous medium without alteration of the crystalline domains. 27474638 6 1 theme silicone 994:1001 arg1 elastomers 1003:1012 silicone elastomers 994:1012 silicone elastomers 994:1012 Mechanical properties of silicone elastomers were better if the load of MCC-Alkyne remains low. 27474638 1 2 from data 156:159 arg1 case 168:171 the case 164:171 the case of silicones 164:184 Cellulose is commonly used as filler for the reinforcement of polymer materials but data in the case of silicones remain rare. 27474638 4 3 theme network 644:650 arg1 formation 631:639 the formation 627:639 the formation of network 627:650 The resulting MCC-Alkyne fibers were introduced within a bi-component reactive silicone formulation (up to 20wt%), allowing the formation of network through hydrosilylation reaction in which MCC-Alkyne played the role of a reactive fillers. 27474638 2 4 from linters 294:300 arg1 modification 226:237 the modification 222:237 the modification of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) fibers from cotton linters by propargyl bromide 222:321 In this work we report the modification of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) fibers from cotton linters by propargyl bromide, in aqueous medium without alteration of the crystalline domains. 27474638 2 4 from linters 294:300 arg1 fibers 275:280 microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) fibers 242:280 microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) fibers from cotton linters 242:300 In this work we report the modification of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) fibers from cotton linters by propargyl bromide, in aqueous medium without alteration of the crystalline domains. 27474638 5 5 theme coupling 940:947 arg1 reactions 949:957 coupling reactions 940:957 coupling reactions 940:957 Comparison between the properties of composites prepared with unmodified MCC and MCC-Alkyne highlighted a densification of the network and an enhancement of mechanical and thermal properties when coupling reactions occurred. 27474638 4 6 theme bi-component 560:571 arg1 % 614:614 up to 20wt% 604:614 up to 20wt% 604:614 The resulting MCC-Alkyne fibers were introduced within a bi-component reactive silicone formulation (up to 20wt%), allowing the formation of network through hydrosilylation reaction in which MCC-Alkyne played the role of a reactive fillers. 27474638 4 6 theme bi-component 560:571 arg1 formulation 591:601 a bi-component reactive silicone formulation 558:601 a bi-component reactive silicone formulation (up to 20wt%) 558:615 The resulting MCC-Alkyne fibers were introduced within a bi-component reactive silicone formulation (up to 20wt%), allowing the formation of network through hydrosilylation reaction in which MCC-Alkyne played the role of a reactive fillers. 27474638 5 7 theme mechanical 901:910 arg1 properties 924:933 mechanical and thermal properties 901:933 mechanical and thermal properties 901:933 Comparison between the properties of composites prepared with unmodified MCC and MCC-Alkyne highlighted a densification of the network and an enhancement of mechanical and thermal properties when coupling reactions occurred. 27474638 3 8 theme fibers 477:482 arg1 surface 462:468 the surface 458:468 the surface of the fibers, the DS being 0.5 458:500 The analysis evidenced the efficient grafting of alkyne functions at the surface of the fibers, the DS being 0.5. 27474638 1 9 used used 94:97 arg2 filler 102:107 filler 102:107 filler 102:107 Cellulose is commonly used as filler for the reinforcement of polymer materials but data in the case of silicones remain rare. 27474638 1 9 used used 94:97 arg2 Cellulose 72:80 Cellulose 72:80 Cellulose 72:80 Cellulose is commonly used as filler for the reinforcement of polymer materials but data in the case of silicones remain rare. 27474638 5 10 theme unmodified 806:815 arg1 MCC 817:819 unmodified MCC 806:819 unmodified MCC 806:819 Comparison between the properties of composites prepared with unmodified MCC and MCC-Alkyne highlighted a densification of the network and an enhancement of mechanical and thermal properties when coupling reactions occurred. 27474638 4 11 theme fillers 735:741 arg1 role 716:719 the role 712:719 the role of a reactive fillers 712:741 The resulting MCC-Alkyne fibers were introduced within a bi-component reactive silicone formulation (up to 20wt%), allowing the formation of network through hydrosilylation reaction in which MCC-Alkyne played the role of a reactive fillers. 27474638 2 12 theme crystalline 368:378 arg1 domains 380:386 the crystalline domains 364:386 the crystalline domains 364:386 In this work we report the modification of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) fibers from cotton linters by propargyl bromide, in aqueous medium without alteration of the crystalline domains. 27474638 6 13 theme Mechanical 969:978 arg1 properties 980:989 Mechanical properties 969:989 Mechanical properties of silicone elastomers 969:1012 Mechanical properties of silicone elastomers were better if the load of MCC-Alkyne remains low. 27474638 2 14 theme cellulose 259:267 arg1 fibers 275:280 microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) fibers 242:280 microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) fibers from cotton linters 242:300 In this work we report the modification of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) fibers from cotton linters by propargyl bromide, in aqueous medium without alteration of the crystalline domains. 27474638 0 15 from agent 42:46 arg1 elastomers 60:69 silicone elastomers 51:69 silicone elastomers 51:69 Microcrystalline cellulose as reinforcing agent in silicone elastomers. 27474638 3 16 from surface 462:468 arg1 grafting 426:433 the efficient grafting 412:433 the efficient grafting of alkyne functions at the surface of the fibers, the DS being 0.5 412:500 The analysis evidenced the efficient grafting of alkyne functions at the surface of the fibers, the DS being 0.5. 27474638 0 17 theme Microcrystalline 0:15 arg1 cellulose 17:25 Microcrystalline cellulose 0:25 Microcrystalline cellulose as reinforcing agent in silicone elastomers 0:69 Microcrystalline cellulose as reinforcing agent in silicone elastomers. 27474638 4 18 theme MCC-Alkyne 517:526 arg1 fibers 528:533 The resulting MCC-Alkyne fibers 503:533 The resulting MCC-Alkyne fibers 503:533 The resulting MCC-Alkyne fibers were introduced within a bi-component reactive silicone formulation (up to 20wt%), allowing the formation of network through hydrosilylation reaction in which MCC-Alkyne played the role of a reactive fillers. 27474638 2 19 theme cotton 287:292 arg1 linters 294:300 cotton linters 287:300 cotton linters 287:300 In this work we report the modification of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) fibers from cotton linters by propargyl bromide, in aqueous medium without alteration of the crystalline domains. 27474638 2 20 from modification 226:237 arg1 linters 294:300 cotton linters 287:300 cotton linters 287:300 In this work we report the modification of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) fibers from cotton linters by propargyl bromide, in aqueous medium without alteration of the crystalline domains. 27474638 1 21 theme silicones 176:184 arg1 case 168:171 the case 164:171 the case of silicones 164:184 Cellulose is commonly used as filler for the reinforcement of polymer materials but data in the case of silicones remain rare. 27474638 0 22 theme reinforcing 30:40 arg1 agent 42:46 reinforcing agent 30:46 reinforcing agent in silicone elastomers 30:69 Microcrystalline cellulose as reinforcing agent in silicone elastomers. 27474638 4 23 theme resulting 507:515 arg1 fibers 528:533 The resulting MCC-Alkyne fibers 503:533 The resulting MCC-Alkyne fibers 503:533 The resulting MCC-Alkyne fibers were introduced within a bi-component reactive silicone formulation (up to 20wt%), allowing the formation of network through hydrosilylation reaction in which MCC-Alkyne played the role of a reactive fillers. 27474638 5 24 theme network 871:877 arg1 enhancement 886:896 an enhancement 883:896 an enhancement of mechanical and thermal properties 883:933 Comparison between the properties of composites prepared with unmodified MCC and MCC-Alkyne highlighted a densification of the network and an enhancement of mechanical and thermal properties when coupling reactions occurred. 27474638 5 24 theme network 871:877 arg1 densification 850:862 a densification 848:862 a densification of the network 848:877 Comparison between the properties of composites prepared with unmodified MCC and MCC-Alkyne highlighted a densification of the network and an enhancement of mechanical and thermal properties when coupling reactions occurred. 27474638 5 25 theme properties 924:933 arg1 enhancement 886:896 an enhancement 883:896 an enhancement of mechanical and thermal properties 883:933 Comparison between the properties of composites prepared with unmodified MCC and MCC-Alkyne highlighted a densification of the network and an enhancement of mechanical and thermal properties when coupling reactions occurred. 27474638 5 25 theme properties 924:933 arg1 densification 850:862 a densification 848:862 a densification of the network 848:877 Comparison between the properties of composites prepared with unmodified MCC and MCC-Alkyne highlighted a densification of the network and an enhancement of mechanical and thermal properties when coupling reactions occurred. 27474638 3 26 theme functions 445:453 arg1 grafting 426:433 the efficient grafting 412:433 the efficient grafting of alkyne functions at the surface of the fibers, the DS being 0.5 412:500 The analysis evidenced the efficient grafting of alkyne functions at the surface of the fibers, the DS being 0.5. 27474638 5 27 theme thermal 916:922 arg1 properties 924:933 mechanical and thermal properties 901:933 mechanical and thermal properties 901:933 Comparison between the properties of composites prepared with unmodified MCC and MCC-Alkyne highlighted a densification of the network and an enhancement of mechanical and thermal properties when coupling reactions occurred. 27474638 2 28 theme fibers 275:280 arg1 modification 226:237 the modification 222:237 the modification of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) fibers from cotton linters by propargyl bromide 222:321 In this work we report the modification of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) fibers from cotton linters by propargyl bromide, in aqueous medium without alteration of the crystalline domains. 27474638 5 29 theme composites 781:790 arg1 properties 767:776 the properties 763:776 the properties of composites prepared with unmodified MCC and MCC-Alkyne 763:834 Comparison between the properties of composites prepared with unmodified MCC and MCC-Alkyne highlighted a densification of the network and an enhancement of mechanical and thermal properties when coupling reactions occurred. 27474638 3 30 theme efficient 416:424 arg1 grafting 426:433 the efficient grafting 412:433 the efficient grafting of alkyne functions at the surface of the fibers, the DS being 0.5 412:500 The analysis evidenced the efficient grafting of alkyne functions at the surface of the fibers, the DS being 0.5. 27474638 4 31 dep 20wt 610:613 arg1 to 607:608 to 607:608 to 607:608 The resulting MCC-Alkyne fibers were introduced within a bi-component reactive silicone formulation (up to 20wt%), allowing the formation of network through hydrosilylation reaction in which MCC-Alkyne played the role of a reactive fillers. 27474638 3 32 theme alkyne 438:443 arg1 functions 445:453 alkyne functions 438:453 alkyne functions 438:453 The analysis evidenced the efficient grafting of alkyne functions at the surface of the fibers, the DS being 0.5. 27474638 0 33 theme silicone 51:58 arg1 elastomers 60:69 silicone elastomers 51:69 silicone elastomers 51:69 Microcrystalline cellulose as reinforcing agent in silicone elastomers. 27474638 4 34 theme hydrosilylation 660:674 arg1 reaction 676:683 hydrosilylation reaction 660:683 hydrosilylation reaction in which MCC-Alkyne played the role of a reactive fillers 660:741 The resulting MCC-Alkyne fibers were introduced within a bi-component reactive silicone formulation (up to 20wt%), allowing the formation of network through hydrosilylation reaction in which MCC-Alkyne played the role of a reactive fillers. 27474638 2 35 theme microcrystalline 242:257 arg1 MCC 270:272 MCC 270:272 MCC 270:272 In this work we report the modification of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) fibers from cotton linters by propargyl bromide, in aqueous medium without alteration of the crystalline domains. 27474638 2 35 theme microcrystalline 242:257 arg1 cellulose 259:267 microcrystalline cellulose 242:267 microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) fibers from cotton linters 242:300 In this work we report the modification of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) fibers from cotton linters by propargyl bromide, in aqueous medium without alteration of the crystalline domains. 27474638 2 36 theme propargyl 305:313 arg1 bromide 315:321 propargyl bromide 305:321 propargyl bromide 305:321 In this work we report the modification of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) fibers from cotton linters by propargyl bromide, in aqueous medium without alteration of the crystalline domains. 27474638 4 37 theme silicone 582:589 arg1 % 614:614 up to 20wt% 604:614 up to 20wt% 604:614 The resulting MCC-Alkyne fibers were introduced within a bi-component reactive silicone formulation (up to 20wt%), allowing the formation of network through hydrosilylation reaction in which MCC-Alkyne played the role of a reactive fillers. 27474638 4 37 theme silicone 582:589 arg1 formulation 591:601 a bi-component reactive silicone formulation 558:601 a bi-component reactive silicone formulation (up to 20wt%) 558:615 The resulting MCC-Alkyne fibers were introduced within a bi-component reactive silicone formulation (up to 20wt%), allowing the formation of network through hydrosilylation reaction in which MCC-Alkyne played the role of a reactive fillers. 27474638 4 38 theme reactive 726:733 arg1 fillers 735:741 a reactive fillers 724:741 a reactive fillers 724:741 The resulting MCC-Alkyne fibers were introduced within a bi-component reactive silicone formulation (up to 20wt%), allowing the formation of network through hydrosilylation reaction in which MCC-Alkyne played the role of a reactive fillers. 27474638 1 39 theme polymer 134:140 arg1 materials 142:150 polymer materials 134:150 polymer materials 134:150 Cellulose is commonly used as filler for the reinforcement of polymer materials but data in the case of silicones remain rare. 27474638 4 40 theme reactive 573:580 arg1 % 614:614 up to 20wt% 604:614 up to 20wt% 604:614 The resulting MCC-Alkyne fibers were introduced within a bi-component reactive silicone formulation (up to 20wt%), allowing the formation of network through hydrosilylation reaction in which MCC-Alkyne played the role of a reactive fillers. 27474638 4 40 theme reactive 573:580 arg1 formulation 591:601 a bi-component reactive silicone formulation 558:601 a bi-component reactive silicone formulation (up to 20wt%) 558:615 The resulting MCC-Alkyne fibers were introduced within a bi-component reactive silicone formulation (up to 20wt%), allowing the formation of network through hydrosilylation reaction in which MCC-Alkyne played the role of a reactive fillers. 27474638 2 41 theme domains 380:386 arg1 alteration 350:359 alteration 350:359 alteration of the crystalline domains 350:386 In this work we report the modification of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) fibers from cotton linters by propargyl bromide, in aqueous medium without alteration of the crystalline domains. 27474638 6 42 theme MCC-Alkyne 1041:1050 arg1 load 1033:1036 the load 1029:1036 the load of MCC-Alkyne 1029:1050 Mechanical properties of silicone elastomers were better if the load of MCC-Alkyne remains low. 27474638 1 43 theme materials 142:150 arg1 reinforcement 117:129 the reinforcement 113:129 the reinforcement of polymer materials 113:150 Cellulose is commonly used as filler for the reinforcement of polymer materials but data in the case of silicones remain rare. 27474638 6 44 theme elastomers 1003:1012 arg1 properties 980:989 Mechanical properties 969:989 Mechanical properties of silicone elastomers 969:1012 Mechanical properties of silicone elastomers were better if the load of MCC-Alkyne remains low. 28521984 0 0 theme cationic 86:93 arg1 surfactants 95:105 cationic surfactants 86:105 cationic surfactants 86:105 Rheological properties of gels formed by physical interactions between hyaluronan and cationic surfactants. 28521984 3 1 theme hyaluronan 664:673 arg1 weight 685:690 the hyaluronan molecular weight 660:690 the hyaluronan molecular weight 660:690 All systems demonstrated viscoelastic properties which can be modified over a broad range of several decades of both storage and loss moduli by the hyaluronan molecular weight and initial concentrations. 28521984 2 2 theme weight 372:377 arg1 effects 340:346 The effects 336:346 The effects of hyaluronan molecular weight (from 300 to 2kDa) and the concentration of initial solutions (0.5 and 2% for hyaluronan, 50 or 200mM for surfactant) 336:495 The effects of hyaluronan molecular weight (from 300 to 2kDa) and the concentration of initial solutions (0.5 and 2% for hyaluronan, 50 or 200mM for surfactant) were investigated. 28521984 4 3 theme molecular 774:782 arg1 weight 784:789 the molecular weight 770:789 the molecular weight of hyaluronan at constant initial composition 770:835 The characteristic relaxation time increased with the molecular weight of hyaluronan at constant initial composition. 28521984 6 4 theme molecular 1290:1298 arg1 weight 1300:1305 low and moderate hyaluronan molecular weight 1262:1305 low and moderate hyaluronan molecular weight 1262:1305 Whereas no correlation was found between gel rheological properties and the surfactant:hyaluronan charge ratio, the properties were sensitive to structural features of surfactant molecules, particularly when low and moderate hyaluronan molecular weight was used. 28521984 2 5 from effects 340:346 arg1 2kDa 392:395 2kDa 392:395 2kDa 392:395 The effects of hyaluronan molecular weight (from 300 to 2kDa) and the concentration of initial solutions (0.5 and 2% for hyaluronan, 50 or 200mM for surfactant) were investigated. 28521984 2 6 theme molecular 362:370 arg1 weight 372:377 hyaluronan molecular weight 351:377 hyaluronan molecular weight (from 300 to 2kDa) 351:396 The effects of hyaluronan molecular weight (from 300 to 2kDa) and the concentration of initial solutions (0.5 and 2% for hyaluronan, 50 or 200mM for surfactant) were investigated. 28521984 1 7 theme hyaluronate 247:257 arg1 surfactant 282:291 sodium hyaluronate and oppositely charged surfactant 240:291 sodium hyaluronate and oppositely charged surfactant above its critical micellar concentration 240:333 The aim of this paper is the rheological characterization of the concentrated, gel-like phase, which arises from mixed solutions of sodium hyaluronate and oppositely charged surfactant above its critical micellar concentration. 28521984 6 8 theme hyaluronan 1279:1288 arg1 weight 1300:1305 low and moderate hyaluronan molecular weight 1262:1305 low and moderate hyaluronan molecular weight 1262:1305 Whereas no correlation was found between gel rheological properties and the surfactant:hyaluronan charge ratio, the properties were sensitive to structural features of surfactant molecules, particularly when low and moderate hyaluronan molecular weight was used. 28521984 6 9 theme surfactant 1222:1231 arg1 molecules 1233:1241 surfactant molecules 1222:1241 surfactant molecules 1222:1241 Whereas no correlation was found between gel rheological properties and the surfactant:hyaluronan charge ratio, the properties were sensitive to structural features of surfactant molecules, particularly when low and moderate hyaluronan molecular weight was used. 28521984 5 10 theme molecular 960:968 arg1 weight 970:975 molecular weight 960:975 molecular weight for systems with 50mM of the surfactant 960:1015 The effect of molecular weight on characteristic moduli was dependent on initial composition - the modulus increased with molecular weight for systems with 50mM of the surfactant and decreased for the other systems. 28521984 6 11 theme moderate 1270:1277 arg1 weight 1300:1305 low and moderate hyaluronan molecular weight 1262:1305 low and moderate hyaluronan molecular weight 1262:1305 Whereas no correlation was found between gel rheological properties and the surfactant:hyaluronan charge ratio, the properties were sensitive to structural features of surfactant molecules, particularly when low and moderate hyaluronan molecular weight was used. 28521984 4 12 theme relaxation 739:748 arg1 time 750:753 The characteristic relaxation time 720:753 The characteristic relaxation time 720:753 The characteristic relaxation time increased with the molecular weight of hyaluronan at constant initial composition. 28521984 3 13 theme initial 696:702 arg1 concentrations 704:717 initial concentrations 696:717 initial concentrations 696:717 All systems demonstrated viscoelastic properties which can be modified over a broad range of several decades of both storage and loss moduli by the hyaluronan molecular weight and initial concentrations. 28521984 2 14 dep solutions 431:439 arg1 % 451:451 0.5 and 2% 442:451 0.5 and 2% for hyaluronan, 50 or 200mM for surfactant 442:494 The effects of hyaluronan molecular weight (from 300 to 2kDa) and the concentration of initial solutions (0.5 and 2% for hyaluronan, 50 or 200mM for surfactant) were investigated. 28521984 4 15 theme hyaluronan 794:803 arg1 weight 784:789 the molecular weight 770:789 the molecular weight of hyaluronan at constant initial composition 770:835 The characteristic relaxation time increased with the molecular weight of hyaluronan at constant initial composition. 28521984 3 16 theme molecular 675:683 arg1 weight 685:690 the hyaluronan molecular weight 660:690 the hyaluronan molecular weight 660:690 All systems demonstrated viscoelastic properties which can be modified over a broad range of several decades of both storage and loss moduli by the hyaluronan molecular weight and initial concentrations. 28521984 6 17 theme low 1262:1264 arg1 weight 1300:1305 low and moderate hyaluronan molecular weight 1262:1305 low and moderate hyaluronan molecular weight 1262:1305 Whereas no correlation was found between gel rheological properties and the surfactant:hyaluronan charge ratio, the properties were sensitive to structural features of surfactant molecules, particularly when low and moderate hyaluronan molecular weight was used. 28521984 6 18 theme hyaluronan 1141:1150 arg1 ratio 1159:1163 the surfactant:hyaluronan charge ratio 1126:1163 the surfactant:hyaluronan charge ratio 1126:1163 Whereas no correlation was found between gel rheological properties and the surfactant:hyaluronan charge ratio, the properties were sensitive to structural features of surfactant molecules, particularly when low and moderate hyaluronan molecular weight was used. 28521984 1 19 theme concentrated 173:184 arg1 phase 196:200 the concentrated, gel-like phase 169:200 phase 196:200 The aim of this paper is the rheological characterization of the concentrated, gel-like phase, which arises from mixed solutions of sodium hyaluronate and oppositely charged surfactant above its critical micellar concentration. 28521984 4 20 from composition 825:835 arg1 weight 784:789 the molecular weight 770:789 the molecular weight of hyaluronan at constant initial composition 770:835 The characteristic relaxation time increased with the molecular weight of hyaluronan at constant initial composition. 28521984 3 21 theme viscoelastic 541:552 arg1 properties 554:563 viscoelastic properties 541:563 viscoelastic properties which can be modified over a broad range of several decades of both storage and loss moduli by the hyaluronan molecular weight and initial concentrations 541:717 All systems demonstrated viscoelastic properties which can be modified over a broad range of several decades of both storage and loss moduli by the hyaluronan molecular weight and initial concentrations. 28521984 5 22 theme weight 862:867 arg1 dependent 898:906 dependent 898:906 dependent 898:906 The effect of molecular weight on characteristic moduli was dependent on initial composition - the modulus increased with molecular weight for systems with 50mM of the surfactant and decreased for the other systems. 28521984 5 22 theme weight 862:867 arg1 effect 842:847 The effect 838:847 The effect of molecular weight on characteristic moduli 838:892 The effect of molecular weight on characteristic moduli was dependent on initial composition - the modulus increased with molecular weight for systems with 50mM of the surfactant and decreased for the other systems. 28521984 0 23 theme Rheological 0:10 arg1 properties 12:21 Rheological properties 0:21 Rheological properties of gels 0:29 Rheological properties of gels formed by physical interactions between hyaluronan and cationic surfactants. 28521984 1 24 theme charged 274:280 arg1 surfactant 282:291 sodium hyaluronate and oppositely charged surfactant 240:291 sodium hyaluronate and oppositely charged surfactant above its critical micellar concentration 240:333 The aim of this paper is the rheological characterization of the concentrated, gel-like phase, which arises from mixed solutions of sodium hyaluronate and oppositely charged surfactant above its critical micellar concentration. 28521984 3 25 theme storage 633:639 arg1 decades 617:623 several decades 609:623 several decades of both storage and loss moduli 609:655 All systems demonstrated viscoelastic properties which can be modified over a broad range of several decades of both storage and loss moduli by the hyaluronan molecular weight and initial concentrations. 28521984 6 26 theme charge 1152:1157 arg1 ratio 1159:1163 the surfactant:hyaluronan charge ratio 1126:1163 the surfactant:hyaluronan charge ratio 1126:1163 Whereas no correlation was found between gel rheological properties and the surfactant:hyaluronan charge ratio, the properties were sensitive to structural features of surfactant molecules, particularly when low and moderate hyaluronan molecular weight was used. 28521984 1 27 theme gel-like 187:194 arg1 phase 196:200 the concentrated, gel-like phase 169:200 phase 196:200 The aim of this paper is the rheological characterization of the concentrated, gel-like phase, which arises from mixed solutions of sodium hyaluronate and oppositely charged surfactant above its critical micellar concentration. 28521984 2 28 theme solutions 431:439 arg1 weight 372:377 hyaluronan molecular weight 351:377 hyaluronan molecular weight (from 300 to 2kDa) 351:396 The effects of hyaluronan molecular weight (from 300 to 2kDa) and the concentration of initial solutions (0.5 and 2% for hyaluronan, 50 or 200mM for surfactant) were investigated. 28521984 2 28 theme solutions 431:439 arg1 concentration 406:418 the concentration 402:418 the concentration of initial solutions (0.5 and 2% for hyaluronan, 50 or 200mM for surfactant) 402:495 The effects of hyaluronan molecular weight (from 300 to 2kDa) and the concentration of initial solutions (0.5 and 2% for hyaluronan, 50 or 200mM for surfactant) were investigated. 28521984 1 29 theme surfactant 282:291 arg1 solutions 227:235 mixed solutions 221:235 mixed solutions of sodium hyaluronate and oppositely charged surfactant above its critical micellar concentration 221:333 The aim of this paper is the rheological characterization of the concentrated, gel-like phase, which arises from mixed solutions of sodium hyaluronate and oppositely charged surfactant above its critical micellar concentration. 28521984 3 30 mod modified 578:585 arg3 concentrations 704:717 initial concentrations 696:717 initial concentrations 696:717 All systems demonstrated viscoelastic properties which can be modified over a broad range of several decades of both storage and loss moduli by the hyaluronan molecular weight and initial concentrations. 28521984 3 30 mod modified 578:585 arg3 weight 685:690 the hyaluronan molecular weight 660:690 the hyaluronan molecular weight 660:690 All systems demonstrated viscoelastic properties which can be modified over a broad range of several decades of both storage and loss moduli by the hyaluronan molecular weight and initial concentrations. 28521984 3 30 mod modified 578:585 arg1 properties 554:563 viscoelastic properties 541:563 viscoelastic properties which can be modified over a broad range of several decades of both storage and loss moduli by the hyaluronan molecular weight and initial concentrations 541:717 All systems demonstrated viscoelastic properties which can be modified over a broad range of several decades of both storage and loss moduli by the hyaluronan molecular weight and initial concentrations. 28521984 1 31 theme phase 196:200 arg1 characterization 149:164 the rheological characterization 133:164 the rheological characterization 133:164 The aim of this paper is the rheological characterization of the concentrated, gel-like phase, which arises from mixed solutions of sodium hyaluronate and oppositely charged surfactant above its critical micellar concentration. 28521984 1 31 theme phase 196:200 arg1 aim 112:114 The aim 108:114 The aim of this paper 108:128 The aim of this paper is the rheological characterization of the concentrated, gel-like phase, which arises from mixed solutions of sodium hyaluronate and oppositely charged surfactant above its critical micellar concentration. 28521984 2 32 theme initial 423:429 arg1 solutions 431:439 initial solutions 423:439 initial solutions (0.5 and 2% for hyaluronan, 50 or 200mM for surfactant) 423:495 The effects of hyaluronan molecular weight (from 300 to 2kDa) and the concentration of initial solutions (0.5 and 2% for hyaluronan, 50 or 200mM for surfactant) were investigated. 28521984 3 33 theme decades 617:623 arg1 range 600:604 a broad range 592:604 a broad range of several decades of both storage and loss moduli 592:655 All systems demonstrated viscoelastic properties which can be modified over a broad range of several decades of both storage and loss moduli by the hyaluronan molecular weight and initial concentrations. 28521984 6 34 used used 1311:1314 arg2 weight 1300:1305 low and moderate hyaluronan molecular weight 1262:1305 low and moderate hyaluronan molecular weight 1262:1305 Whereas no correlation was found between gel rheological properties and the surfactant:hyaluronan charge ratio, the properties were sensitive to structural features of surfactant molecules, particularly when low and moderate hyaluronan molecular weight was used. 28521984 2 35 theme concentration 406:418 arg1 effects 340:346 The effects 336:346 The effects of hyaluronan molecular weight (from 300 to 2kDa) and the concentration of initial solutions (0.5 and 2% for hyaluronan, 50 or 200mM for surfactant) 336:495 The effects of hyaluronan molecular weight (from 300 to 2kDa) and the concentration of initial solutions (0.5 and 2% for hyaluronan, 50 or 200mM for surfactant) were investigated. 28521984 5 36 theme surfactant 1006:1015 arg1 50mM 994:997 50mM 994:997 50mM of the surfactant 994:1015 The effect of molecular weight on characteristic moduli was dependent on initial composition - the modulus increased with molecular weight for systems with 50mM of the surfactant and decreased for the other systems. 28521984 5 37 with systems 981:987 arg1 50mM 994:997 50mM 994:997 50mM of the surfactant 994:1015 The effect of molecular weight on characteristic moduli was dependent on initial composition - the modulus increased with molecular weight for systems with 50mM of the surfactant and decreased for the other systems. 28521984 1 38 theme critical 303:310 arg1 concentration 321:333 its critical micellar concentration 299:333 its critical micellar concentration 299:333 The aim of this paper is the rheological characterization of the concentrated, gel-like phase, which arises from mixed solutions of sodium hyaluronate and oppositely charged surfactant above its critical micellar concentration. 28521984 3 39 dep storage 633:639 arg1 moduli 650:655 moduli 650:655 moduli 650:655 All systems demonstrated viscoelastic properties which can be modified over a broad range of several decades of both storage and loss moduli by the hyaluronan molecular weight and initial concentrations. 28521984 0 40 theme gels 26:29 arg1 properties 12:21 Rheological properties 0:21 Rheological properties of gels 0:29 Rheological properties of gels formed by physical interactions between hyaluronan and cationic surfactants. 28521984 1 41 theme micellar 312:319 arg1 concentration 321:333 its critical micellar concentration 299:333 its critical micellar concentration 299:333 The aim of this paper is the rheological characterization of the concentrated, gel-like phase, which arises from mixed solutions of sodium hyaluronate and oppositely charged surfactant above its critical micellar concentration. 28521984 3 42 theme several 609:615 arg1 decades 617:623 several decades 609:623 several decades of both storage and loss moduli 609:655 All systems demonstrated viscoelastic properties which can be modified over a broad range of several decades of both storage and loss moduli by the hyaluronan molecular weight and initial concentrations. 28521984 4 43 theme initial 817:823 arg1 composition 825:835 constant initial composition 808:835 constant initial composition 808:835 The characteristic relaxation time increased with the molecular weight of hyaluronan at constant initial composition. 28521984 5 44 from effect 842:847 arg1 moduli 887:892 characteristic moduli 872:892 characteristic moduli 872:892 The effect of molecular weight on characteristic moduli was dependent on initial composition - the modulus increased with molecular weight for systems with 50mM of the surfactant and decreased for the other systems. 28521984 2 45 theme hyaluronan 351:360 arg1 weight 372:377 hyaluronan molecular weight 351:377 hyaluronan molecular weight (from 300 to 2kDa) 351:396 The effects of hyaluronan molecular weight (from 300 to 2kDa) and the concentration of initial solutions (0.5 and 2% for hyaluronan, 50 or 200mM for surfactant) were investigated. 28521984 0 46 theme physical 41:48 arg1 interactions 50:61 physical interactions 41:61 physical interactions between hyaluronan and cationic surfactants 41:105 Rheological properties of gels formed by physical interactions between hyaluronan and cationic surfactants. 28521984 6 47 theme molecules 1233:1241 arg1 features 1210:1217 structural features 1199:1217 structural features of surfactant molecules 1199:1241 Whereas no correlation was found between gel rheological properties and the surfactant:hyaluronan charge ratio, the properties were sensitive to structural features of surfactant molecules, particularly when low and moderate hyaluronan molecular weight was used. 28521984 4 48 theme constant 808:815 arg1 composition 825:835 constant initial composition 808:835 constant initial composition 808:835 The characteristic relaxation time increased with the molecular weight of hyaluronan at constant initial composition. 28521984 5 49 theme initial 911:917 arg1 composition 919:929 initial composition 911:929 initial composition 911:929 The effect of molecular weight on characteristic moduli was dependent on initial composition - the modulus increased with molecular weight for systems with 50mM of the surfactant and decreased for the other systems. 28521984 3 50 theme loss 645:648 arg1 decades 617:623 several decades 609:623 several decades of both storage and loss moduli 609:655 All systems demonstrated viscoelastic properties which can be modified over a broad range of several decades of both storage and loss moduli by the hyaluronan molecular weight and initial concentrations. 28521984 3 51 theme broad 594:598 arg1 range 600:604 a broad range 592:604 a broad range of several decades of both storage and loss moduli 592:655 All systems demonstrated viscoelastic properties which can be modified over a broad range of several decades of both storage and loss moduli by the hyaluronan molecular weight and initial concentrations. 28521984 2 52 from 2kDa 392:395 arg1 weight 372:377 hyaluronan molecular weight 351:377 hyaluronan molecular weight (from 300 to 2kDa) 351:396 The effects of hyaluronan molecular weight (from 300 to 2kDa) and the concentration of initial solutions (0.5 and 2% for hyaluronan, 50 or 200mM for surfactant) were investigated. 28521984 2 52 from 2kDa 392:395 arg1 concentration 406:418 the concentration 402:418 the concentration of initial solutions (0.5 and 2% for hyaluronan, 50 or 200mM for surfactant) 402:495 The effects of hyaluronan molecular weight (from 300 to 2kDa) and the concentration of initial solutions (0.5 and 2% for hyaluronan, 50 or 200mM for surfactant) were investigated. 28521984 2 52 from 2kDa 392:395 arg1 effects 340:346 The effects 336:346 The effects of hyaluronan molecular weight (from 300 to 2kDa) and the concentration of initial solutions (0.5 and 2% for hyaluronan, 50 or 200mM for surfactant) 336:495 The effects of hyaluronan molecular weight (from 300 to 2kDa) and the concentration of initial solutions (0.5 and 2% for hyaluronan, 50 or 200mM for surfactant) were investigated. 28521984 1 53 theme paper 124:128 arg1 characterization 149:164 the rheological characterization 133:164 the rheological characterization 133:164 The aim of this paper is the rheological characterization of the concentrated, gel-like phase, which arises from mixed solutions of sodium hyaluronate and oppositely charged surfactant above its critical micellar concentration. 28521984 1 53 theme paper 124:128 arg1 aim 112:114 The aim 108:114 The aim of this paper 108:128 The aim of this paper is the rheological characterization of the concentrated, gel-like phase, which arises from mixed solutions of sodium hyaluronate and oppositely charged surfactant above its critical micellar concentration. 28521984 4 54 theme characteristic 724:737 arg1 time 750:753 The characteristic relaxation time 720:753 The characteristic relaxation time 720:753 The characteristic relaxation time increased with the molecular weight of hyaluronan at constant initial composition. 28521984 5 55 theme other 1039:1043 arg1 systems 1045:1051 the other systems 1035:1051 the other systems 1035:1051 The effect of molecular weight on characteristic moduli was dependent on initial composition - the modulus increased with molecular weight for systems with 50mM of the surfactant and decreased for the other systems. 28521984 6 56 theme structural 1199:1208 arg1 features 1210:1217 structural features 1199:1217 structural features of surfactant molecules 1199:1241 Whereas no correlation was found between gel rheological properties and the surfactant:hyaluronan charge ratio, the properties were sensitive to structural features of surfactant molecules, particularly when low and moderate hyaluronan molecular weight was used. 28521984 6 57 theme gel 1095:1097 arg1 properties 1111:1120 gel rheological properties 1095:1120 gel rheological properties 1095:1120 Whereas no correlation was found between gel rheological properties and the surfactant:hyaluronan charge ratio, the properties were sensitive to structural features of surfactant molecules, particularly when low and moderate hyaluronan molecular weight was used. 28521984 6 58 theme surfactant 1130:1139 arg1 ratio 1159:1163 the surfactant:hyaluronan charge ratio 1126:1163 the surfactant:hyaluronan charge ratio 1126:1163 Whereas no correlation was found between gel rheological properties and the surfactant:hyaluronan charge ratio, the properties were sensitive to structural features of surfactant molecules, particularly when low and moderate hyaluronan molecular weight was used. 28521984 1 59 theme mixed 221:225 arg1 solutions 227:235 mixed solutions 221:235 mixed solutions of sodium hyaluronate and oppositely charged surfactant above its critical micellar concentration 221:333 The aim of this paper is the rheological characterization of the concentrated, gel-like phase, which arises from mixed solutions of sodium hyaluronate and oppositely charged surfactant above its critical micellar concentration. 28521984 1 60 dep hyaluronate 247:257 arg1 sodium 240:245 sodium 240:245 sodium 240:245 The aim of this paper is the rheological characterization of the concentrated, gel-like phase, which arises from mixed solutions of sodium hyaluronate and oppositely charged surfactant above its critical micellar concentration. 28521984 5 61 theme characteristic 872:885 arg1 moduli 887:892 characteristic moduli 872:892 characteristic moduli 872:892 The effect of molecular weight on characteristic moduli was dependent on initial composition - the modulus increased with molecular weight for systems with 50mM of the surfactant and decreased for the other systems. 28521984 5 62 theme molecular 852:860 arg1 weight 862:867 molecular weight 852:867 molecular weight 852:867 The effect of molecular weight on characteristic moduli was dependent on initial composition - the modulus increased with molecular weight for systems with 50mM of the surfactant and decreased for the other systems. 28521984 6 63 theme rheological 1099:1109 arg1 properties 1111:1120 gel rheological properties 1095:1120 gel rheological properties 1095:1120 Whereas no correlation was found between gel rheological properties and the surfactant:hyaluronan charge ratio, the properties were sensitive to structural features of surfactant molecules, particularly when low and moderate hyaluronan molecular weight was used. 28521984 2 64 dep 2kDa 392:395 arg1 to 389:390 to 389:390 to 389:390 The effects of hyaluronan molecular weight (from 300 to 2kDa) and the concentration of initial solutions (0.5 and 2% for hyaluronan, 50 or 200mM for surfactant) were investigated. 28521984 1 65 theme rheological 137:147 arg1 characterization 149:164 the rheological characterization 133:164 the rheological characterization 133:164 The aim of this paper is the rheological characterization of the concentrated, gel-like phase, which arises from mixed solutions of sodium hyaluronate and oppositely charged surfactant above its critical micellar concentration. 28521984 1 65 theme rheological 137:147 arg1 aim 112:114 The aim 108:114 The aim of this paper 108:128 The aim of this paper is the rheological characterization of the concentrated, gel-like phase, which arises from mixed solutions of sodium hyaluronate and oppositely charged surfactant above its critical micellar concentration. 27474572 6 0 theme HDF 944:946 arg1 cells 949:953 Human Dermal Fibroblast (HDF) cells 919:953 Human Dermal Fibroblast (HDF) cells 919:953 The chitosan/BNNT-OH scaffold was also found to be non-toxic to Human Dermal Fibroblast (HDF) cells due to its slow degradation rate. 27474572 7 1 theme cell 993:996 arg1 proliferation 998:1010 HDF cell proliferation 989:1010 HDF cell proliferation 989:1010 HDF cell proliferation and adhesion were increased as compared to the chitosan-only scaffold as observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescent microscopy images. 27474572 1 2 theme nitride 152:158 arg1 candidates 187:196 good candidates 182:196 good candidates 182:196 With their low toxicity, high mechanical strength and chemical stability, boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are good candidates to enhance the properties of polymers, composites and scaffolds. 27474572 1 2 theme nitride 152:158 arg1 BNNTs 171:175 BNNTs 171:175 BNNTs 171:175 With their low toxicity, high mechanical strength and chemical stability, boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are good candidates to enhance the properties of polymers, composites and scaffolds. 27474572 1 2 theme nitride 152:158 arg1 nanotubes 160:168 boron nitride nanotubes 146:168 boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) 146:176 With their low toxicity, high mechanical strength and chemical stability, boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are good candidates to enhance the properties of polymers, composites and scaffolds. 27474572 7 3 theme fluorescent 1136:1146 arg1 microscopy 1148:1157 fluorescent microscopy 1136:1157 fluorescent microscopy 1136:1157 HDF cell proliferation and adhesion were increased as compared to the chitosan-only scaffold as observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescent microscopy images. 27474572 5 4 theme high 813:816 arg1 proliferation 827:839 high cellular proliferation 813:839 high cellular proliferation 813:839 The results show that inclusion of BNNTs-OH into the chitosan scaffold increases the mechanical strength and pore size at values optimal for high cellular proliferation and adhesion. 27474572 1 5 theme composites 237:246 arg1 properties 213:222 the properties 209:222 the properties of polymers, composites and scaffolds 209:260 With their low toxicity, high mechanical strength and chemical stability, boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are good candidates to enhance the properties of polymers, composites and scaffolds. 27474572 6 6 theme Fibroblast 932:941 arg1 cells 949:953 Human Dermal Fibroblast (HDF) cells 919:953 Human Dermal Fibroblast (HDF) cells 919:953 The chitosan/BNNT-OH scaffold was also found to be non-toxic to Human Dermal Fibroblast (HDF) cells due to its slow degradation rate. 27474572 5 7 theme mechanical 757:766 arg1 strength 768:775 mechanical strength 757:775 mechanical strength 757:775 The results show that inclusion of BNNTs-OH into the chitosan scaffold increases the mechanical strength and pore size at values optimal for high cellular proliferation and adhesion. 27474572 6 8 theme Dermal 925:930 arg1 cells 949:953 Human Dermal Fibroblast (HDF) cells 919:953 Human Dermal Fibroblast (HDF) cells 919:953 The chitosan/BNNT-OH scaffold was also found to be non-toxic to Human Dermal Fibroblast (HDF) cells due to its slow degradation rate. 27474572 1 9 theme scaffolds 252:260 arg1 properties 213:222 the properties 209:222 the properties of polymers, composites and scaffolds 209:260 With their low toxicity, high mechanical strength and chemical stability, boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are good candidates to enhance the properties of polymers, composites and scaffolds. 27474572 6 10 theme Human 919:923 arg1 cells 949:953 Human Dermal Fibroblast (HDF) cells 919:953 Human Dermal Fibroblast (HDF) cells 919:953 The chitosan/BNNT-OH scaffold was also found to be non-toxic to Human Dermal Fibroblast (HDF) cells due to its slow degradation rate. 27474572 2 11 theme Chitosan-based 263:276 arg1 scaffolds 278:286 Chitosan-based scaffolds 263:286 Chitosan-based scaffolds 263:286 Chitosan-based scaffolds are exhaustively investigated in tissue engineering because of their biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity. 27474572 5 12 theme cellular 818:825 arg1 proliferation 827:839 high cellular proliferation 813:839 high cellular proliferation 813:839 The results show that inclusion of BNNTs-OH into the chitosan scaffold increases the mechanical strength and pore size at values optimal for high cellular proliferation and adhesion. 27474572 1 13 theme low 83:85 arg1 toxicity 87:94 their low toxicity 77:94 their low toxicity 77:94 With their low toxicity, high mechanical strength and chemical stability, boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are good candidates to enhance the properties of polymers, composites and scaffolds. 27474572 7 14 dep microscopy 1115:1124 arg1 images 1159:1164 images 1159:1164 images 1159:1164 HDF cell proliferation and adhesion were increased as compared to the chitosan-only scaffold as observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescent microscopy images. 27474572 0 15 theme nitride 6:12 arg1 nanotubes 14:22 Boron nitride nanotubes 0:22 Boron nitride nanotubes 0:22 Boron nitride nanotubes enhance properties of chitosan-based scaffolds. 27474572 6 16 theme slow 966:969 arg1 rate 983:986 its slow degradation rate 962:986 its slow degradation rate 962:986 The chitosan/BNNT-OH scaffold was also found to be non-toxic to Human Dermal Fibroblast (HDF) cells due to its slow degradation rate. 27474572 7 17 theme scanning 1097:1104 arg1 microscopy 1115:1124 scanning electron microscopy 1097:1124 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 1097:1130 HDF cell proliferation and adhesion were increased as compared to the chitosan-only scaffold as observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescent microscopy images. 27474572 7 17 theme scanning 1097:1104 arg1 SEM 1127:1129 SEM 1127:1129 SEM 1127:1129 HDF cell proliferation and adhesion were increased as compared to the chitosan-only scaffold as observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescent microscopy images. 27474572 2 18 theme tissue 321:326 arg1 engineering 328:338 tissue engineering 321:338 tissue engineering 321:338 Chitosan-based scaffolds are exhaustively investigated in tissue engineering because of their biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity. 27474572 0 19 theme Boron 0:4 arg1 nanotubes 14:22 Boron nitride nanotubes 0:22 Boron nitride nanotubes 0:22 Boron nitride nanotubes enhance properties of chitosan-based scaffolds. 27474572 7 20 theme electron 1106:1113 arg1 microscopy 1115:1124 scanning electron microscopy 1097:1124 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 1097:1130 HDF cell proliferation and adhesion were increased as compared to the chitosan-only scaffold as observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescent microscopy images. 27474572 7 20 theme electron 1106:1113 arg1 SEM 1127:1129 SEM 1127:1129 SEM 1127:1129 HDF cell proliferation and adhesion were increased as compared to the chitosan-only scaffold as observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescent microscopy images. 27474572 1 21 theme high 97:100 arg1 strength 113:120 high mechanical strength 97:120 high mechanical strength 97:120 With their low toxicity, high mechanical strength and chemical stability, boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are good candidates to enhance the properties of polymers, composites and scaffolds. 27474572 3 22 theme engineering 481:491 arg1 applications 493:504 tissue engineering applications 474:504 tissue engineering applications 474:504 However, their spontaneous degradation prevents their use in a range of tissue engineering applications. 27474572 6 23 theme degradation 971:981 arg1 rate 983:986 its slow degradation rate 962:986 its slow degradation rate 962:986 The chitosan/BNNT-OH scaffold was also found to be non-toxic to Human Dermal Fibroblast (HDF) cells due to its slow degradation rate. 27474572 5 24 theme chitosan 725:732 arg1 scaffold 734:741 the chitosan scaffold 721:741 the chitosan scaffold 721:741 The results show that inclusion of BNNTs-OH into the chitosan scaffold increases the mechanical strength and pore size at values optimal for high cellular proliferation and adhesion. 27474572 1 25 theme mechanical 102:111 arg1 strength 113:120 high mechanical strength 97:120 high mechanical strength 97:120 With their low toxicity, high mechanical strength and chemical stability, boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are good candidates to enhance the properties of polymers, composites and scaffolds. 27474572 3 26 theme applications 493:504 arg1 range 465:469 a range 463:469 a range of tissue engineering applications 463:504 However, their spontaneous degradation prevents their use in a range of tissue engineering applications. 27474572 5 27 theme optimal 801:807 arg1 values 794:799 values 794:799 values optimal for high cellular proliferation and adhesion 794:852 The results show that inclusion of BNNTs-OH into the chitosan scaffold increases the mechanical strength and pore size at values optimal for high cellular proliferation and adhesion. 27474572 4 28 theme chitosan 572:579 arg1 scaffold 581:588 a chitosan scaffold 570:588 a chitosan scaffold 570:588 In this study, hydroxylated BNNTs (BNNT-OH) were included into a chitosan scaffold and tested for their mechanical strength, swelling behavior and biodegradability. 27474572 1 29 with candidates 187:196 arg1 strength 113:120 high mechanical strength 97:120 high mechanical strength 97:120 With their low toxicity, high mechanical strength and chemical stability, boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are good candidates to enhance the properties of polymers, composites and scaffolds. 27474572 1 29 with candidates 187:196 arg1 stability 135:143 chemical stability 126:143 chemical stability 126:143 With their low toxicity, high mechanical strength and chemical stability, boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are good candidates to enhance the properties of polymers, composites and scaffolds. 27474572 1 29 with candidates 187:196 arg1 toxicity 87:94 their low toxicity 77:94 their low toxicity 77:94 With their low toxicity, high mechanical strength and chemical stability, boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are good candidates to enhance the properties of polymers, composites and scaffolds. 27474572 3 30 theme tissue 474:479 arg1 applications 493:504 tissue engineering applications 474:504 tissue engineering applications 474:504 However, their spontaneous degradation prevents their use in a range of tissue engineering applications. 27474572 3 31 theme spontaneous 417:427 arg1 degradation 429:439 their spontaneous degradation 411:439 their spontaneous degradation 411:439 However, their spontaneous degradation prevents their use in a range of tissue engineering applications. 27474572 5 32 dep strength 768:775 arg1 the 753:755 the 753:755 the 753:755 The results show that inclusion of BNNTs-OH into the chitosan scaffold increases the mechanical strength and pore size at values optimal for high cellular proliferation and adhesion. 27474572 0 33 theme chitosan-based 46:59 arg1 scaffolds 61:69 chitosan-based scaffolds 46:69 chitosan-based scaffolds 46:69 Boron nitride nanotubes enhance properties of chitosan-based scaffolds. 27474572 7 34 theme chitosan-only 1059:1071 arg1 scaffold 1073:1080 the chitosan-only scaffold 1055:1080 the chitosan-only scaffold 1055:1080 HDF cell proliferation and adhesion were increased as compared to the chitosan-only scaffold as observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescent microscopy images. 27474572 5 35 theme BNNTs-OH 707:714 arg1 inclusion 694:702 inclusion 694:702 inclusion of BNNTs-OH into the chitosan scaffold 694:741 The results show that inclusion of BNNTs-OH into the chitosan scaffold increases the mechanical strength and pore size at values optimal for high cellular proliferation and adhesion. 27474572 5 36 from values 794:799 arg1 strength 768:775 mechanical strength 757:775 mechanical strength 757:775 The results show that inclusion of BNNTs-OH into the chitosan scaffold increases the mechanical strength and pore size at values optimal for high cellular proliferation and adhesion. 27474572 5 36 from values 794:799 arg1 size 786:789 pore size 781:789 pore size 781:789 The results show that inclusion of BNNTs-OH into the chitosan scaffold increases the mechanical strength and pore size at values optimal for high cellular proliferation and adhesion. 27474572 1 37 theme chemical 126:133 arg1 stability 135:143 chemical stability 126:143 chemical stability 126:143 With their low toxicity, high mechanical strength and chemical stability, boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are good candidates to enhance the properties of polymers, composites and scaffolds. 27474572 6 38 theme chitosan/BNNT-OH 859:874 arg1 scaffold 876:883 The chitosan/BNNT-OH scaffold 855:883 The chitosan/BNNT-OH scaffold 855:883 The chitosan/BNNT-OH scaffold was also found to be non-toxic to Human Dermal Fibroblast (HDF) cells due to its slow degradation rate. 27474572 6 38 theme chitosan/BNNT-OH 859:874 arg1 non-toxic 906:914 non-toxic 906:914 non-toxic 906:914 The chitosan/BNNT-OH scaffold was also found to be non-toxic to Human Dermal Fibroblast (HDF) cells due to its slow degradation rate. 27474572 1 39 theme boron 146:150 arg1 candidates 187:196 good candidates 182:196 good candidates 182:196 With their low toxicity, high mechanical strength and chemical stability, boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are good candidates to enhance the properties of polymers, composites and scaffolds. 27474572 1 39 theme boron 146:150 arg1 BNNTs 171:175 BNNTs 171:175 BNNTs 171:175 With their low toxicity, high mechanical strength and chemical stability, boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are good candidates to enhance the properties of polymers, composites and scaffolds. 27474572 1 39 theme boron 146:150 arg1 nanotubes 160:168 boron nitride nanotubes 146:168 boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) 146:176 With their low toxicity, high mechanical strength and chemical stability, boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are good candidates to enhance the properties of polymers, composites and scaffolds. 27474572 4 40 theme mechanical 611:620 arg1 strength 622:629 their mechanical strength 605:629 their mechanical strength 605:629 In this study, hydroxylated BNNTs (BNNT-OH) were included into a chitosan scaffold and tested for their mechanical strength, swelling behavior and biodegradability. 27474572 5 41 theme pore 781:784 arg1 size 786:789 pore size 781:789 pore size 781:789 The results show that inclusion of BNNTs-OH into the chitosan scaffold increases the mechanical strength and pore size at values optimal for high cellular proliferation and adhesion. 27474572 1 42 theme good 182:185 arg1 candidates 187:196 good candidates 182:196 good candidates 182:196 With their low toxicity, high mechanical strength and chemical stability, boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are good candidates to enhance the properties of polymers, composites and scaffolds. 27474572 1 42 theme good 182:185 arg1 nanotubes 160:168 boron nitride nanotubes 146:168 boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) 146:176 With their low toxicity, high mechanical strength and chemical stability, boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are good candidates to enhance the properties of polymers, composites and scaffolds. 27474572 0 43 theme scaffolds 61:69 arg1 properties 32:41 properties 32:41 properties of chitosan-based scaffolds 32:69 Boron nitride nanotubes enhance properties of chitosan-based scaffolds. 27474572 4 44 theme hydroxylated 522:533 arg1 BNNT-OH 542:548 BNNT-OH 542:548 BNNT-OH 542:548 In this study, hydroxylated BNNTs (BNNT-OH) were included into a chitosan scaffold and tested for their mechanical strength, swelling behavior and biodegradability. 27474572 4 44 theme hydroxylated 522:533 arg1 BNNTs 535:539 hydroxylated BNNTs 522:539 hydroxylated BNNTs (BNNT-OH) 522:549 In this study, hydroxylated BNNTs (BNNT-OH) were included into a chitosan scaffold and tested for their mechanical strength, swelling behavior and biodegradability. 27474572 7 45 theme HDF 989:991 arg1 proliferation 998:1010 HDF cell proliferation 989:1010 HDF cell proliferation 989:1010 HDF cell proliferation and adhesion were increased as compared to the chitosan-only scaffold as observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescent microscopy images. 27474572 2 46 theme antimicrobial 378:390 arg1 activity 392:399 antimicrobial activity 378:399 antimicrobial activity 378:399 Chitosan-based scaffolds are exhaustively investigated in tissue engineering because of their biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity. 27474572 1 47 theme polymers 227:234 arg1 properties 213:222 the properties 209:222 the properties of polymers, composites and scaffolds 209:260 With their low toxicity, high mechanical strength and chemical stability, boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are good candidates to enhance the properties of polymers, composites and scaffolds. 27538449 6 0 theme D-Ala 1455:1459 arg1 incorporation 1438:1450 the incorporation 1434:1450 the incorporation of D-Ala into teichoic acids 1434:1479 Whole cell NMR analysis also revealed that S. aureus, in presence of amphomycin and MX-2401, maintained the incorporation of D-Ala during peptidoglycan biosynthesis while the incorporation of D-Ala into teichoic acids was inhibited. 27538449 3 1 theme solid-state 592:602 arg1 NMR 604:606 solid-state NMR 592:606 solid-state NMR 592:606 In this study, we investigate in vivo modes of action for amphomycin and MX-2401 in intact whole cells of Staphylococcus aureus by measuring the changes of peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid compositions using solid-state NMR. 27538449 5 2 theme C 929:929 arg1 rotational-echo 932:946 (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo 919:946 (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo 919:946 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 4 3 theme C 682:682 arg1 labels 668:673 isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine 660:793 isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine 660:793 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 4 3 theme C 682:682 arg1 glycine 684:690 [1-(13)C]glycine 675:690 [1-(13)C]glycine 675:690 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 5 4 theme utilization 1129:1139 arg1 inhibition 1107:1116 inhibition 1107:1116 inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis 1107:1163 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 5 4 theme utilization 1129:1139 arg1 reduction 1221:1229 reduction 1221:1229 reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking 1221:1260 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 5 4 theme utilization 1129:1139 arg1 thinning 1045:1052 thinning 1045:1052 thinning of the cell wall 1045:1069 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 5 4 theme utilization 1129:1139 arg1 reduction 1166:1174 reduction 1166:1174 reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids 1166:1214 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 5 4 theme utilization 1129:1139 arg1 accumulation 1072:1083 accumulation 1072:1083 accumulation of Park's nucleotide 1072:1104 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 6 5 theme NMR 1274:1276 arg1 analysis 1278:1285 Whole cell NMR analysis 1263:1285 Whole cell NMR analysis 1263:1285 Whole cell NMR analysis also revealed that S. aureus, in presence of amphomycin and MX-2401, maintained the incorporation of D-Ala during peptidoglycan biosynthesis while the incorporation of D-Ala into teichoic acids was inhibited. 27538449 5 6 theme purine 1145:1150 arg1 biosynthesis 1152:1163 purine biosynthesis 1145:1163 purine biosynthesis 1145:1163 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 2 7 theme bacterial 360:368 arg1 membrane 370:377 bacterial membrane 360:377 bacterial membrane 360:377 Amphomycin and MX-2401 share structural similarities with daptomycin, but unlike daptomycin they do not target bacterial membrane. 27538449 6 8 theme Whole 1263:1267 arg1 analysis 1278:1285 Whole cell NMR analysis 1263:1285 Whole cell NMR analysis 1263:1285 Whole cell NMR analysis also revealed that S. aureus, in presence of amphomycin and MX-2401, maintained the incorporation of D-Ala during peptidoglycan biosynthesis while the incorporation of D-Ala into teichoic acids was inhibited. 27538449 1 9 theme Gram-positive 224:236 arg1 pathogens 238:246 Gram-positive pathogens 224:246 Gram-positive pathogens 224:246 Amphomycin and MX-2401 are cyclic lipopeptides exhibiting bactericidal activities against Gram-positive pathogens. 27538449 5 10 from acids 1210:1214 arg1 inhibition 1107:1116 inhibition 1107:1116 inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis 1107:1163 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 5 10 from acids 1210:1214 arg1 reduction 1221:1229 reduction 1221:1229 reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking 1221:1260 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 5 10 from acids 1210:1214 arg1 thinning 1045:1052 thinning 1045:1052 thinning of the cell wall 1045:1069 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 5 10 from acids 1210:1214 arg1 reduction 1166:1174 reduction 1166:1174 reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids 1166:1214 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 5 10 from acids 1210:1214 arg1 accumulation 1072:1083 accumulation 1072:1083 accumulation of Park's nucleotide 1072:1104 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 4 11 theme [1- 675:677 arg1 labels 668:673 isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine 660:793 isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine 660:793 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 4 11 theme [1- 675:677 arg1 glycine 684:690 [1-(13)C]glycine 675:690 [1-(13)C]glycine 675:690 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 7 12 from inhibition 1548:1557 arg1 aureus 1623:1628 S. aureus 1620:1628 S. aureus 1620:1628 These effects are consistent with amphomycin's dual inhibition of both peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid biosyntheses in S. aureus. 27538449 2 13 theme structural 278:287 arg1 similarities 289:300 structural similarities 278:300 structural similarities with daptomycin 278:316 Amphomycin and MX-2401 share structural similarities with daptomycin, but unlike daptomycin they do not target bacterial membrane. 27538449 4 14 theme N 705:705 arg1 labels 668:673 isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine 660:793 isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine 660:793 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 4 14 theme N 705:705 arg1 lysin 707:711 L-[ε-(15)N]lysin 696:711 L-[ε-(15)N]lysin 696:711 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 6 15 theme peptidoglycan 1401:1413 arg1 biosynthesis 1415:1426 peptidoglycan biosynthesis 1401:1426 peptidoglycan biosynthesis 1401:1426 Whole cell NMR analysis also revealed that S. aureus, in presence of amphomycin and MX-2401, maintained the incorporation of D-Ala during peptidoglycan biosynthesis while the incorporation of D-Ala into teichoic acids was inhibited. 27538449 6 16 theme D-Ala 1388:1392 arg1 incorporation 1371:1383 the incorporation 1367:1383 the incorporation of D-Ala during peptidoglycan biosynthesis 1367:1426 Whole cell NMR analysis also revealed that S. aureus, in presence of amphomycin and MX-2401, maintained the incorporation of D-Ala during peptidoglycan biosynthesis while the incorporation of D-Ala into teichoic acids was inhibited. 27538449 4 17 theme L-[ε- 696:700 arg1 labels 668:673 isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine 660:793 isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine 660:793 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 4 17 theme L-[ε- 696:700 arg1 lysin 707:711 L-[ε-(15)N]lysin 696:711 L-[ε-(15)N]lysin 696:711 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 5 18 theme { 907:907 arg1 } 913:913 (13)C{(15)N} 902:913 (13)C{(15)N} 902:913 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 1 19 theme cyclic 161:166 arg1 MX-2401 149:155 MX-2401 149:155 MX-2401 149:155 Amphomycin and MX-2401 are cyclic lipopeptides exhibiting bactericidal activities against Gram-positive pathogens. 27538449 1 19 theme cyclic 161:166 arg1 lipopeptides 168:179 cyclic lipopeptides 161:179 cyclic lipopeptides exhibiting bactericidal activities against Gram-positive pathogens 161:246 Amphomycin and MX-2401 are cyclic lipopeptides exhibiting bactericidal activities against Gram-positive pathogens. 27538449 1 19 theme cyclic 161:166 arg1 Amphomycin 134:143 Amphomycin 134:143 Amphomycin 134:143 Amphomycin and MX-2401 are cyclic lipopeptides exhibiting bactericidal activities against Gram-positive pathogens. 27538449 4 20 theme C- 815:816 arg1 pair 823:826 selectively (13)C-(15)N pair 799:826 selectively (13)C-(15)N pair 799:826 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 0 21 from characterization 16:31 arg1 biosyntheses 95:106 wall teichoic acid biosyntheses 76:106 wall teichoic acid biosyntheses 76:106 Solid-state NMR characterization of amphomycin effects on peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid biosyntheses in Staphylococcus aureus. 27538449 0 21 from characterization 16:31 arg1 peptidoglycan 58:70 peptidoglycan 58:70 peptidoglycan 58:70 Solid-state NMR characterization of amphomycin effects on peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid biosyntheses in Staphylococcus aureus. 27538449 0 22 theme teichoic 81:88 arg1 biosyntheses 95:106 wall teichoic acid biosyntheses 76:106 wall teichoic acid biosyntheses 76:106 Solid-state NMR characterization of amphomycin effects on peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid biosyntheses in Staphylococcus aureus. 27538449 4 23 theme C 723:723 arg1 labels 668:673 isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine 660:793 isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine 660:793 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 4 23 theme C 723:723 arg1 lysine 725:730 L-[1-(13)C]lysine 714:730 L-[1-(13)C]lysine 714:730 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 6 24 theme teichoic 1466:1473 arg1 acids 1475:1479 teichoic acids 1466:1479 teichoic acids 1466:1479 Whole cell NMR analysis also revealed that S. aureus, in presence of amphomycin and MX-2401, maintained the incorporation of D-Ala during peptidoglycan biosynthesis while the incorporation of D-Ala into teichoic acids was inhibited. 27538449 5 25 theme D-Ala 1192:1196 arg1 inhibition 1107:1116 inhibition 1107:1116 inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis 1107:1163 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 5 25 theme D-Ala 1192:1196 arg1 reduction 1221:1229 reduction 1221:1229 reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking 1221:1260 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 5 25 theme D-Ala 1192:1196 arg1 thinning 1045:1052 thinning 1045:1052 thinning of the cell wall 1045:1069 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 5 25 theme D-Ala 1192:1196 arg1 reduction 1166:1174 reduction 1166:1174 reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids 1166:1214 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 5 25 theme D-Ala 1192:1196 arg1 accumulation 1072:1083 accumulation 1072:1083 accumulation of Park's nucleotide 1072:1104 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 5 26 theme wall 1066:1069 arg1 inhibition 1107:1116 inhibition 1107:1116 inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis 1107:1163 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 5 26 theme wall 1066:1069 arg1 reduction 1221:1229 reduction 1221:1229 reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking 1221:1260 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 5 26 theme wall 1066:1069 arg1 thinning 1045:1052 thinning 1045:1052 thinning of the cell wall 1045:1069 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 5 26 theme wall 1066:1069 arg1 reduction 1166:1174 reduction 1166:1174 reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids 1166:1214 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 5 26 theme wall 1066:1069 arg1 accumulation 1072:1083 accumulation 1072:1083 accumulation of Park's nucleotide 1072:1104 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 3 27 theme whole 471:475 arg1 cells 477:481 intact whole cells 464:481 intact whole cells of Staphylococcus aureus 464:506 In this study, we investigate in vivo modes of action for amphomycin and MX-2401 in intact whole cells of Staphylococcus aureus by measuring the changes of peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid compositions using solid-state NMR. 27538449 5 28 dep } 913:913 arg1 measurements 969:980 double resonance NMR measurements 948:980 double resonance NMR measurements 948:980 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 5 29 theme teichoic 1201:1208 arg1 acids 1210:1214 teichoic acids 1201:1214 teichoic acids 1201:1214 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 4 30 theme L-[1- 714:718 arg1 labels 668:673 isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine 660:793 isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine 660:793 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 4 30 theme L-[1- 714:718 arg1 lysine 725:730 L-[1-(13)C]lysine 714:730 L-[1-(13)C]lysine 714:730 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 0 31 theme Solid-state 0:10 arg1 characterization 16:31 Solid-state NMR characterization 0:31 Solid-state NMR characterization of amphomycin effects on peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid biosyntheses in Staphylococcus aureus. 0:132 Solid-state NMR characterization of amphomycin effects on peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid biosyntheses in Staphylococcus aureus. 27538449 0 32 from biosyntheses 95:106 arg1 characterization 16:31 Solid-state NMR characterization 0:31 Solid-state NMR characterization of amphomycin effects on peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid biosyntheses in Staphylococcus aureus. 0:132 Solid-state NMR characterization of amphomycin effects on peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid biosyntheses in Staphylococcus aureus. 27538449 0 32 from biosyntheses 95:106 arg1 aureus 126:131 Staphylococcus aureus 111:131 Staphylococcus aureus 111:131 Solid-state NMR characterization of amphomycin effects on peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid biosyntheses in Staphylococcus aureus. 27538449 3 33 theme aureus 501:506 arg1 cells 477:481 intact whole cells 464:481 intact whole cells of Staphylococcus aureus 464:506 In this study, we investigate in vivo modes of action for amphomycin and MX-2401 in intact whole cells of Staphylococcus aureus by measuring the changes of peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid compositions using solid-state NMR. 27538449 5 34 theme N 923:923 arg1 rotational-echo 932:946 (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo 919:946 (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo 919:946 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 4 35 theme N 743:743 arg1 labels 668:673 isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine 660:793 isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine 660:793 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 4 35 theme N 743:743 arg1 alanine 745:751 D-[(15)N]alanine 736:751 D-[(15)N]alanine 736:751 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 0 36 theme amphomycin 36:45 arg1 effects 47:53 amphomycin effects 36:53 amphomycin effects on peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid biosyntheses in Staphylococcus aureus 36:131 Solid-state NMR characterization of amphomycin effects on peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid biosyntheses in Staphylococcus aureus. 27538449 5 37 theme N 912:912 arg1 } 913:913 (13)C{(15)N} 902:913 (13)C{(15)N} 902:913 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 7 38 theme acid 1599:1602 arg1 inhibition 1548:1557 amphomycin's dual inhibition 1530:1557 amphomycin's dual inhibition of both peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid biosyntheses in S. aureus 1530:1628 These effects are consistent with amphomycin's dual inhibition of both peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid biosyntheses in S. aureus. 27538449 5 39 from inhibition 1107:1116 arg1 acids 1210:1214 teichoic acids 1201:1214 teichoic acids 1201:1214 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 4 40 theme N 821:821 arg1 pair 823:826 selectively (13)C-(15)N pair 799:826 selectively (13)C-(15)N pair 799:826 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 5 41 theme peptidoglycan 1234:1246 arg1 cross-linking 1248:1260 peptidoglycan cross-linking 1234:1260 peptidoglycan cross-linking 1234:1260 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 4 42 dep labels 668:673 arg1 lysin 707:711 L-[ε-(15)N]lysin 696:711 L-[ε-(15)N]lysin 696:711 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 4 42 dep labels 668:673 arg1 alanine 768:774 D-[1-(13)C]alanine 757:774 D-[1-(13)C]alanine 757:774 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 4 42 dep labels 668:673 arg1 lysine 725:730 L-[1-(13)C]lysine 714:730 L-[1-(13)C]lysine 714:730 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 4 42 dep labels 668:673 arg1 labels 668:673 isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine 660:793 isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine 660:793 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 4 42 dep labels 668:673 arg1 glycine 684:690 [1-(13)C]glycine 675:690 [1-(13)C]glycine 675:690 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 7 43 theme wall 1585:1588 arg1 acid 1599:1602 wall teichoic acid 1585:1602 wall teichoic acid 1585:1602 These effects are consistent with amphomycin's dual inhibition of both peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid biosyntheses in S. aureus. 27538449 4 44 theme D-[ 736:738 arg1 labels 668:673 isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine 660:793 isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine 660:793 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 4 44 theme D-[ 736:738 arg1 alanine 745:751 D-[(15)N]alanine 736:751 D-[(15)N]alanine 736:751 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 5 45 theme glycine 1121:1127 arg1 utilization 1129:1139 glycine utilization 1121:1139 glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis 1121:1163 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 5 46 theme } 930:930 arg1 rotational-echo 932:946 (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo 919:946 (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo 919:946 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 7 47 theme peptidoglycan 1567:1579 arg1 inhibition 1548:1557 amphomycin's dual inhibition 1530:1557 amphomycin's dual inhibition of both peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid biosyntheses in S. aureus 1530:1628 These effects are consistent with amphomycin's dual inhibition of both peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid biosyntheses in S. aureus. 27538449 4 48 theme defined 635:641 arg1 media 643:647 a defined media 633:647 a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine 633:793 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 3 49 theme wall 554:557 arg1 acid 568:571 wall teichoic acid 554:571 wall teichoic acid 554:571 In this study, we investigate in vivo modes of action for amphomycin and MX-2401 in intact whole cells of Staphylococcus aureus by measuring the changes of peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid compositions using solid-state NMR. 27538449 5 50 theme double 948:953 arg1 measurements 969:980 double resonance NMR measurements 948:980 double resonance NMR measurements 948:980 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 3 51 theme peptidoglycan 536:548 arg1 changes 525:531 the changes 521:531 the changes of peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid compositions 521:584 In this study, we investigate in vivo modes of action for amphomycin and MX-2401 in intact whole cells of Staphylococcus aureus by measuring the changes of peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid compositions using solid-state NMR. 27538449 3 52 from amphomycin 438:447 arg1 cells 477:481 intact whole cells 464:481 intact whole cells of Staphylococcus aureus 464:506 In this study, we investigate in vivo modes of action for amphomycin and MX-2401 in intact whole cells of Staphylococcus aureus by measuring the changes of peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid compositions using solid-state NMR. 27538449 7 53 theme dual 1543:1546 arg1 inhibition 1548:1557 amphomycin's dual inhibition 1530:1557 amphomycin's dual inhibition of both peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid biosyntheses in S. aureus 1530:1628 These effects are consistent with amphomycin's dual inhibition of both peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid biosyntheses in S. aureus. 27538449 5 54 from reduction 1166:1174 arg1 acids 1210:1214 teichoic acids 1201:1214 teichoic acids 1201:1214 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 5 55 link ester-linked 1179:1190 arg1 D-Ala 1192:1196 ester-linked D-Ala 1179:1196 ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids 1179:1214 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 4 56 theme C 766:766 arg1 alanine 768:774 D-[1-(13)C]alanine 757:774 D-[1-(13)C]alanine 757:774 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 4 56 theme C 766:766 arg1 labels 668:673 isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine 660:793 isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine 660:793 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 5 57 theme ester-linked 1179:1190 arg1 D-Ala 1192:1196 ester-linked D-Ala 1179:1196 ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids 1179:1214 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 3 58 theme acid 568:571 arg1 changes 525:531 the changes 521:531 the changes of peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid compositions 521:584 In this study, we investigate in vivo modes of action for amphomycin and MX-2401 in intact whole cells of Staphylococcus aureus by measuring the changes of peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid compositions using solid-state NMR. 27538449 1 59 theme bactericidal 192:203 arg1 activities 205:214 bactericidal activities 192:214 bactericidal activities against Gram-positive pathogens 192:246 Amphomycin and MX-2401 are cyclic lipopeptides exhibiting bactericidal activities against Gram-positive pathogens. 27538449 6 60 theme cell 1269:1272 arg1 analysis 1278:1285 Whole cell NMR analysis 1263:1285 Whole cell NMR analysis 1263:1285 Whole cell NMR analysis also revealed that S. aureus, in presence of amphomycin and MX-2401, maintained the incorporation of D-Ala during peptidoglycan biosynthesis while the incorporation of D-Ala into teichoic acids was inhibited. 27538449 4 61 theme D-[1- 757:761 arg1 alanine 768:774 D-[1-(13)C]alanine 757:774 D-[1-(13)C]alanine 757:774 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 4 61 theme D-[1- 757:761 arg1 labels 668:673 isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine 660:793 isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine 660:793 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 5 62 from D-Ala 1192:1196 arg1 acids 1210:1214 teichoic acids 1201:1214 teichoic acids 1201:1214 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 7 63 dep peptidoglycan 1567:1579 arg1 biosyntheses 1604:1615 biosyntheses 1604:1615 biosyntheses 1604:1615 These effects are consistent with amphomycin's dual inhibition of both peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid biosyntheses in S. aureus. 27538449 5 64 from reduction 1221:1229 arg1 acids 1210:1214 teichoic acids 1201:1214 teichoic acids 1201:1214 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 4 65 theme N 785:785 arg1 glycine 787:793 [(15)N]glycine 780:793 [(15)N]glycine 780:793 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 4 65 theme N 785:785 arg1 labels 668:673 isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine 660:793 isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine 660:793 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 4 65 theme N 785:785 arg1 15 782:783 15 782:783 15 782:783 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 5 66 from thinning 1045:1052 arg1 acids 1210:1214 teichoic acids 1201:1214 teichoic acids 1201:1214 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 4 67 contain containing 649:658 arg2 alanine 745:751 D-[(15)N]alanine 736:751 D-[(15)N]alanine 736:751 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 4 67 contain containing 649:658 arg2 alanine 768:774 D-[1-(13)C]alanine 757:774 D-[1-(13)C]alanine 757:774 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 4 67 contain containing 649:658 arg2 glycine 684:690 [1-(13)C]glycine 675:690 [1-(13)C]glycine 675:690 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 4 67 contain containing 649:658 arg2 glycine 787:793 [(15)N]glycine 780:793 [(15)N]glycine 780:793 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 4 67 contain containing 649:658 arg2 lysin 707:711 L-[ε-(15)N]lysin 696:711 L-[ε-(15)N]lysin 696:711 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 4 67 contain containing 649:658 arg1 media 643:647 a defined media 633:647 a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine 633:793 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 4 67 contain containing 649:658 arg2 lysine 725:730 L-[1-(13)C]lysine 714:730 L-[1-(13)C]lysine 714:730 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 4 67 contain containing 649:658 arg2 labels 668:673 isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine 660:793 isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine 660:793 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 5 68 from accumulation 1072:1083 arg1 acids 1210:1214 teichoic acids 1201:1214 teichoic acids 1201:1214 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 0 69 theme wall 76:79 arg1 biosyntheses 95:106 wall teichoic acid biosyntheses 76:106 wall teichoic acid biosyntheses 76:106 Solid-state NMR characterization of amphomycin effects on peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid biosyntheses in Staphylococcus aureus. 27538449 5 70 theme NMR 965:967 arg1 measurements 969:980 double resonance NMR measurements 948:980 double resonance NMR measurements 948:980 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 0 71 theme acid 90:93 arg1 biosyntheses 95:106 wall teichoic acid biosyntheses 76:106 wall teichoic acid biosyntheses 76:106 Solid-state NMR characterization of amphomycin effects on peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid biosyntheses in Staphylococcus aureus. 27538449 2 72 with similarities 289:300 arg1 daptomycin 307:316 daptomycin 307:316 daptomycin 307:316 Amphomycin and MX-2401 share structural similarities with daptomycin, but unlike daptomycin they do not target bacterial membrane. 27538449 3 73 from MX-2401 453:459 arg1 cells 477:481 intact whole cells 464:481 intact whole cells of Staphylococcus aureus 464:506 In this study, we investigate in vivo modes of action for amphomycin and MX-2401 in intact whole cells of Staphylococcus aureus by measuring the changes of peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid compositions using solid-state NMR. 27538449 3 74 theme in 410:411 arg1 modes 418:422 in vivo modes 410:422 in vivo modes of action for amphomycin and MX-2401 in intact whole cells of Staphylococcus aureus 410:506 In this study, we investigate in vivo modes of action for amphomycin and MX-2401 in intact whole cells of Staphylococcus aureus by measuring the changes of peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid compositions using solid-state NMR. 27538449 0 75 from peptidoglycan 58:70 arg1 characterization 16:31 Solid-state NMR characterization 0:31 Solid-state NMR characterization of amphomycin effects on peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid biosyntheses in Staphylococcus aureus. 0:132 Solid-state NMR characterization of amphomycin effects on peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid biosyntheses in Staphylococcus aureus. 27538449 0 75 from peptidoglycan 58:70 arg1 aureus 126:131 Staphylococcus aureus 111:131 Staphylococcus aureus 111:131 Solid-state NMR characterization of amphomycin effects on peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid biosyntheses in Staphylococcus aureus. 27538449 5 76 theme cell 1061:1064 arg1 wall 1066:1069 the cell wall 1057:1069 the cell wall 1057:1069 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 0 77 from effects 47:53 arg1 biosyntheses 95:106 wall teichoic acid biosyntheses 76:106 wall teichoic acid biosyntheses 76:106 Solid-state NMR characterization of amphomycin effects on peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid biosyntheses in Staphylococcus aureus. 27538449 0 77 from effects 47:53 arg1 peptidoglycan 58:70 peptidoglycan 58:70 peptidoglycan 58:70 Solid-state NMR characterization of amphomycin effects on peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid biosyntheses in Staphylococcus aureus. 27538449 0 78 theme NMR 12:14 arg1 characterization 16:31 Solid-state NMR characterization 0:31 Solid-state NMR characterization of amphomycin effects on peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid biosyntheses in Staphylococcus aureus. 0:132 Solid-state NMR characterization of amphomycin effects on peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid biosyntheses in Staphylococcus aureus. 27538449 5 79 theme C 906:906 arg1 } 913:913 (13)C{(15)N} 902:913 (13)C{(15)N} 902:913 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 6 80 theme MX-2401 1347:1353 arg1 presence 1320:1327 presence 1320:1327 presence of amphomycin and MX-2401 1320:1353 Whole cell NMR analysis also revealed that S. aureus, in presence of amphomycin and MX-2401, maintained the incorporation of D-Ala during peptidoglycan biosynthesis while the incorporation of D-Ala into teichoic acids was inhibited. 27538449 3 81 dep peptidoglycan 536:548 arg1 compositions 573:584 compositions 573:584 compositions 573:584 In this study, we investigate in vivo modes of action for amphomycin and MX-2401 in intact whole cells of Staphylococcus aureus by measuring the changes of peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid compositions using solid-state NMR. 27538449 3 82 theme action 427:432 arg1 modes 418:422 in vivo modes 410:422 in vivo modes of action for amphomycin and MX-2401 in intact whole cells of Staphylococcus aureus 410:506 In this study, we investigate in vivo modes of action for amphomycin and MX-2401 in intact whole cells of Staphylococcus aureus by measuring the changes of peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid compositions using solid-state NMR. 27538449 3 83 theme intact 464:469 arg1 cells 477:481 intact whole cells 464:481 intact whole cells of Staphylococcus aureus 464:506 In this study, we investigate in vivo modes of action for amphomycin and MX-2401 in intact whole cells of Staphylococcus aureus by measuring the changes of peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid compositions using solid-state NMR. 27538449 6 84 theme amphomycin 1332:1341 arg1 presence 1320:1327 presence 1320:1327 presence of amphomycin and MX-2401 1320:1353 Whole cell NMR analysis also revealed that S. aureus, in presence of amphomycin and MX-2401, maintained the incorporation of D-Ala during peptidoglycan biosynthesis while the incorporation of D-Ala into teichoic acids was inhibited. 27538449 4 85 theme peptidoglycan 834:846 arg1 bridge-link 848:858 peptidoglycan bridge-link 834:858 peptidoglycan bridge-link 834:858 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 0 86 theme effects 47:53 arg1 characterization 16:31 Solid-state NMR characterization 0:31 Solid-state NMR characterization of amphomycin effects on peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid biosyntheses in Staphylococcus aureus. 0:132 Solid-state NMR characterization of amphomycin effects on peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid biosyntheses in Staphylococcus aureus. 27538449 5 87 theme { 924:924 arg1 rotational-echo 932:946 (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo 919:946 (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo 919:946 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 5 88 theme cross-linking 1248:1260 arg1 inhibition 1107:1116 inhibition 1107:1116 inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis 1107:1163 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 5 88 theme cross-linking 1248:1260 arg1 reduction 1221:1229 reduction 1221:1229 reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking 1221:1260 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 5 88 theme cross-linking 1248:1260 arg1 thinning 1045:1052 thinning 1045:1052 thinning of the cell wall 1045:1069 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 5 88 theme cross-linking 1248:1260 arg1 reduction 1166:1174 reduction 1166:1174 reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids 1166:1214 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 5 88 theme cross-linking 1248:1260 arg1 accumulation 1072:1083 accumulation 1072:1083 accumulation of Park's nucleotide 1072:1104 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 27538449 7 89 theme teichoic 1590:1597 arg1 acid 1599:1602 wall teichoic acid 1585:1602 wall teichoic acid 1585:1602 These effects are consistent with amphomycin's dual inhibition of both peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid biosyntheses in S. aureus. 27538449 3 90 dep in 410:411 arg1 vivo 413:416 vivo 413:416 vivo 413:416 In this study, we investigate in vivo modes of action for amphomycin and MX-2401 in intact whole cells of Staphylococcus aureus by measuring the changes of peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid compositions using solid-state NMR. 27538449 4 91 theme isotope 660:666 arg1 labels 668:673 isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine 660:793 isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine 660:793 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 4 91 theme isotope 660:666 arg1 lysin 707:711 L-[ε-(15)N]lysin 696:711 L-[ε-(15)N]lysin 696:711 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 4 91 theme isotope 660:666 arg1 alanine 768:774 D-[1-(13)C]alanine 757:774 D-[1-(13)C]alanine 757:774 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 4 91 theme isotope 660:666 arg1 lysine 725:730 L-[1-(13)C]lysine 714:730 L-[1-(13)C]lysine 714:730 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 4 91 theme isotope 660:666 arg1 glycine 787:793 [(15)N]glycine 780:793 [(15)N]glycine 780:793 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 4 91 theme isotope 660:666 arg1 alanine 745:751 D-[(15)N]alanine 736:751 D-[(15)N]alanine 736:751 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 4 91 theme isotope 660:666 arg1 glycine 684:690 [1-(13)C]glycine 675:690 [1-(13)C]glycine 675:690 S. aureus were grown in a defined media containing isotope labels [1-(13)C]glycine and L-[ε-(15)N]lysin, L-[1-(13)C]lysine and D-[(15)N]alanine, or D-[1-(13)C]alanine and [(15)N]glycine, to selectively (13)C-(15)N pair label peptidoglycan bridge-link, stem-link, and cross-link, respectively. 27538449 3 92 theme teichoic 559:566 arg1 acid 568:571 wall teichoic acid 554:571 wall teichoic acid 554:571 In this study, we investigate in vivo modes of action for amphomycin and MX-2401 in intact whole cells of Staphylococcus aureus by measuring the changes of peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid compositions using solid-state NMR. 27538449 5 93 theme resonance 955:963 arg1 measurements 969:980 double resonance NMR measurements 948:980 double resonance NMR measurements 948:980 (13)C{(15)N} and (15)N{(13)C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR measurements determined that cyclic lipopeptide-treated S. aureus exhibited thinning of the cell wall, accumulation of Park's nucleotide, inhibition of glycine utilization for purine biosynthesis, reduction of ester-linked D-Ala in teichoic acids, and reduction of peptidoglycan cross-linking. 25491808 2 0 theme 2-nitrophenyloctyl 566:583 arg1 ether 585:589 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether 566:589 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether 566:589 Several plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) membranes of different compositions were tested with the best electrode being the one incorporating heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl)-β-cyclodextrin with the membrane plasticized with 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether. 25491808 3 1 theme mol 728:730 arg1 -1 734:735 -1 734:735 -1 734:735 The electrode is characterized by a near-Nernstian response slope of -60.0 mV decade(-1) over the linear range of 5.0×10(-5)-1.0×10(-2) mol L(-1) and a limit of detection of 1.4×10(-5) mol L(-1). 25491808 3 1 theme mol 728:730 arg1 L 732:732 5.0×10(-5)-1.0×10(-2) mol L 706:732 5.0×10(-5)-1.0×10(-2) mol L(-1) 706:736 The electrode is characterized by a near-Nernstian response slope of -60.0 mV decade(-1) over the linear range of 5.0×10(-5)-1.0×10(-2) mol L(-1) and a limit of detection of 1.4×10(-5) mol L(-1). 25491808 5 2 used used 984:987 arg2 electrode 936:944 The electrode 932:944 The electrode 932:944 The electrode has a response time of 10s and can be used within a pH range of 6.2-8.5 over 10 months without any considerable deterioration. 25491808 3 3 theme L 732:732 arg1 range 697:701 the linear range 686:701 the linear range of 5.0×10(-5)-1.0×10(-2) mol L(-1) 686:736 The electrode is characterized by a near-Nernstian response slope of -60.0 mV decade(-1) over the linear range of 5.0×10(-5)-1.0×10(-2) mol L(-1) and a limit of detection of 1.4×10(-5) mol L(-1). 25491808 4 4 theme inorganic 864:872 arg1 interferents 886:897 several inorganic and organic interferents 856:897 several inorganic and organic interferents 856:897 The proposed electrode can easily discriminate diclofenac ions from several inorganic and organic interferents and some common drug excipients. 25491808 7 5 from sensitivity 1243:1253 arg1 drug 1320:1323 drug 1320:1323 drug 1320:1323 The notable advantages of the diclofenac-selective electrode include its high sensitivity, selectivity, cost-effectiveness, and comfortable application in drug and urine analysis. 25491808 7 5 from sensitivity 1243:1253 arg1 analysis 1335:1342 urine analysis 1329:1342 urine analysis 1329:1342 The notable advantages of the diclofenac-selective electrode include its high sensitivity, selectivity, cost-effectiveness, and comfortable application in drug and urine analysis. 25491808 3 6 theme response 643:650 arg1 slope 652:656 a near-Nernstian response slope 626:656 a near-Nernstian response slope of -60.0 mV decade(-1) over the linear range of 5.0×10(-5)-1.0×10(-2) mol L(-1) and a limit of detection of 1.4×10(-5) mol L(-1) 626:785 The electrode is characterized by a near-Nernstian response slope of -60.0 mV decade(-1) over the linear range of 5.0×10(-5)-1.0×10(-2) mol L(-1) and a limit of detection of 1.4×10(-5) mol L(-1). 25491808 5 7 theme considerable 1045:1056 arg1 deterioration 1058:1070 any considerable deterioration 1041:1070 any considerable deterioration 1041:1070 The electrode has a response time of 10s and can be used within a pH range of 6.2-8.5 over 10 months without any considerable deterioration. 25491808 4 8 theme several 856:862 arg1 interferents 886:897 several inorganic and organic interferents 856:897 several inorganic and organic interferents 856:897 The proposed electrode can easily discriminate diclofenac ions from several inorganic and organic interferents and some common drug excipients. 25491808 7 9 theme high 1238:1241 arg1 sensitivity 1243:1253 its high sensitivity 1234:1253 its high sensitivity 1234:1253 The notable advantages of the diclofenac-selective electrode include its high sensitivity, selectivity, cost-effectiveness, and comfortable application in drug and urine analysis. 25491808 2 10 theme plasticized 353:363 arg1 poly 365:368 plasticized poly 353:368 Several plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) membranes of different compositions 345:420 Several plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) membranes of different compositions were tested with the best electrode being the one incorporating heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl)-β-cyclodextrin with the membrane plasticized with 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether. 25491808 2 10 theme plasticized 353:363 arg1 chloride 376:383 vinyl chloride 370:383 vinyl chloride 370:383 Several plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) membranes of different compositions were tested with the best electrode being the one incorporating heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl)-β-cyclodextrin with the membrane plasticized with 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether. 25491808 6 11 theme electrical 1077:1086 arg1 properties 1088:1097 The electrical properties 1073:1097 The electrical properties of the membrane electrode 1073:1123 The electrical properties of the membrane electrode were studied by impedance spectroscopy. 25491808 3 12 theme limit 744:748 arg1 slope 652:656 a near-Nernstian response slope 626:656 a near-Nernstian response slope of -60.0 mV decade(-1) over the linear range of 5.0×10(-5)-1.0×10(-2) mol L(-1) and a limit of detection of 1.4×10(-5) mol L(-1) 626:785 The electrode is characterized by a near-Nernstian response slope of -60.0 mV decade(-1) over the linear range of 5.0×10(-5)-1.0×10(-2) mol L(-1) and a limit of detection of 1.4×10(-5) mol L(-1). 25491808 2 13 theme Several 345:351 arg1 membranes 386:394 Several plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) membranes 345:394 Several plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) membranes of different compositions 345:420 Several plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) membranes of different compositions were tested with the best electrode being the one incorporating heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl)-β-cyclodextrin with the membrane plasticized with 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether. 25491808 7 14 theme urine 1329:1333 arg1 analysis 1335:1342 urine analysis 1329:1342 urine analysis 1329:1342 The notable advantages of the diclofenac-selective electrode include its high sensitivity, selectivity, cost-effectiveness, and comfortable application in drug and urine analysis. 25491808 7 15 theme notable 1169:1175 arg1 advantages 1177:1186 The notable advantages 1165:1186 The notable advantages of the diclofenac-selective electrode 1165:1224 The notable advantages of the diclofenac-selective electrode include its high sensitivity, selectivity, cost-effectiveness, and comfortable application in drug and urine analysis. 25491808 7 16 from selectivity 1256:1266 arg1 drug 1320:1323 drug 1320:1323 drug 1320:1323 The notable advantages of the diclofenac-selective electrode include its high sensitivity, selectivity, cost-effectiveness, and comfortable application in drug and urine analysis. 25491808 7 16 from selectivity 1256:1266 arg1 analysis 1335:1342 urine analysis 1329:1342 urine analysis 1329:1342 The notable advantages of the diclofenac-selective electrode include its high sensitivity, selectivity, cost-effectiveness, and comfortable application in drug and urine analysis. 25491808 3 17 theme near-Nernstian 628:641 arg1 slope 652:656 a near-Nernstian response slope 626:656 a near-Nernstian response slope of -60.0 mV decade(-1) over the linear range of 5.0×10(-5)-1.0×10(-2) mol L(-1) and a limit of detection of 1.4×10(-5) mol L(-1) 626:785 The electrode is characterized by a near-Nernstian response slope of -60.0 mV decade(-1) over the linear range of 5.0×10(-5)-1.0×10(-2) mol L(-1) and a limit of detection of 1.4×10(-5) mol L(-1). 25491808 0 18 theme new 2:4 arg1 electrode 21:29 A new potentiometric electrode 0:29 A new potentiometric electrode 0:29 A new potentiometric electrode incorporating functionalized β-cyclodextrins for diclofenac determination. 25491808 3 19 theme detection 753:761 arg1 limit 744:748 a limit 742:748 a limit of detection of 1.4×10(-5) mol L(-1) 742:785 The electrode is characterized by a near-Nernstian response slope of -60.0 mV decade(-1) over the linear range of 5.0×10(-5)-1.0×10(-2) mol L(-1) and a limit of detection of 1.4×10(-5) mol L(-1). 25491808 3 19 theme detection 753:761 arg1 decade 670:675 -60.0 mV decade(-1) 661:679 -60.0 mV decade(-1) over the linear range of 5.0×10(-5)-1.0×10(-2) mol L(-1) 661:736 The electrode is characterized by a near-Nernstian response slope of -60.0 mV decade(-1) over the linear range of 5.0×10(-5)-1.0×10(-2) mol L(-1) and a limit of detection of 1.4×10(-5) mol L(-1). 25491808 4 20 theme diclofenac 835:844 arg1 ions 846:849 diclofenac ions 835:849 diclofenac ions 835:849 The proposed electrode can easily discriminate diclofenac ions from several inorganic and organic interferents and some common drug excipients. 25491808 3 21 theme mV 667:668 arg1 decade 670:675 -60.0 mV decade(-1) 661:679 -60.0 mV decade(-1) over the linear range of 5.0×10(-5)-1.0×10(-2) mol L(-1) 661:736 The electrode is characterized by a near-Nernstian response slope of -60.0 mV decade(-1) over the linear range of 5.0×10(-5)-1.0×10(-2) mol L(-1) and a limit of detection of 1.4×10(-5) mol L(-1). 25491808 7 22 from cost-effectiveness 1269:1286 arg1 drug 1320:1323 drug 1320:1323 drug 1320:1323 The notable advantages of the diclofenac-selective electrode include its high sensitivity, selectivity, cost-effectiveness, and comfortable application in drug and urine analysis. 25491808 7 22 from cost-effectiveness 1269:1286 arg1 analysis 1335:1342 urine analysis 1329:1342 urine analysis 1329:1342 The notable advantages of the diclofenac-selective electrode include its high sensitivity, selectivity, cost-effectiveness, and comfortable application in drug and urine analysis. 25491808 3 23 theme decade 670:675 arg1 slope 652:656 a near-Nernstian response slope 626:656 a near-Nernstian response slope of -60.0 mV decade(-1) over the linear range of 5.0×10(-5)-1.0×10(-2) mol L(-1) and a limit of detection of 1.4×10(-5) mol L(-1) 626:785 The electrode is characterized by a near-Nernstian response slope of -60.0 mV decade(-1) over the linear range of 5.0×10(-5)-1.0×10(-2) mol L(-1) and a limit of detection of 1.4×10(-5) mol L(-1). 25491808 5 24 contain has 946:948 arg1 electrode 936:944 The electrode 932:944 The electrode 932:944 The electrode has a response time of 10s and can be used within a pH range of 6.2-8.5 over 10 months without any considerable deterioration. 25491808 5 24 contain has 946:948 arg2 time 961:964 a response time 950:964 a response time of 10s 950:971 The electrode has a response time of 10s and can be used within a pH range of 6.2-8.5 over 10 months without any considerable deterioration. 25491808 2 25 theme best 443:446 arg1 electrode 448:456 the best electrode 439:456 the best electrode being the one incorporating heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl)-β-cyclodextrin with the membrane plasticized with 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether 439:589 Several plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) membranes of different compositions were tested with the best electrode being the one incorporating heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl)-β-cyclodextrin with the membrane plasticized with 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether. 25491808 4 26 theme common 908:913 arg1 excipients 920:929 some common drug excipients 903:929 some common drug excipients 903:929 The proposed electrode can easily discriminate diclofenac ions from several inorganic and organic interferents and some common drug excipients. 25491808 5 27 theme pH 998:999 arg1 range 1001:1005 a pH range 996:1005 a pH range of 6.2-8.5 over 10 months without any considerable deterioration 996:1070 The electrode has a response time of 10s and can be used within a pH range of 6.2-8.5 over 10 months without any considerable deterioration. 25491808 2 28 theme vinyl 370:374 arg1 poly 365:368 plasticized poly 353:368 Several plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) membranes of different compositions 345:420 Several plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) membranes of different compositions were tested with the best electrode being the one incorporating heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl)-β-cyclodextrin with the membrane plasticized with 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether. 25491808 2 28 theme vinyl 370:374 arg1 chloride 376:383 vinyl chloride 370:383 vinyl chloride 370:383 Several plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) membranes of different compositions were tested with the best electrode being the one incorporating heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl)-β-cyclodextrin with the membrane plasticized with 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether. 25491808 1 29 theme heptakis 250:257 arg1 -β-cyclodextrin 278:292 heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin 250:292 heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin 250:292 This paper reports the preparation of diclofenac-selective membrane electrodes incorporating β-cyclodextrins: (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin, heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin, and heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl)-β-cyclodextrin. 25491808 0 30 theme potentiometric 6:19 arg1 electrode 21:29 A new potentiometric electrode 0:29 A new potentiometric electrode 0:29 A new potentiometric electrode incorporating functionalized β-cyclodextrins for diclofenac determination. 25491808 6 31 theme impedance 1141:1149 arg1 spectroscopy 1151:1162 impedance spectroscopy 1141:1162 impedance spectroscopy 1141:1162 The electrical properties of the membrane electrode were studied by impedance spectroscopy. 25491808 6 32 theme membrane 1106:1113 arg1 electrode 1115:1123 the membrane electrode 1102:1123 the membrane electrode 1102:1123 The electrical properties of the membrane electrode were studied by impedance spectroscopy. 25491808 2 33 theme heptakis 486:493 arg1 -β-cyclodextrin 515:529 heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl)-β-cyclodextrin 486:529 heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl)-β-cyclodextrin with the membrane plasticized with 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether 486:589 Several plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) membranes of different compositions were tested with the best electrode being the one incorporating heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl)-β-cyclodextrin with the membrane plasticized with 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether. 25491808 0 34 theme functionalized 45:58 arg1 β-cyclodextrins 60:74 functionalized β-cyclodextrins 45:74 functionalized β-cyclodextrins 45:74 A new potentiometric electrode incorporating functionalized β-cyclodextrins for diclofenac determination. 25491808 2 35 theme different 399:407 arg1 compositions 409:420 different compositions 399:420 different compositions 399:420 Several plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) membranes of different compositions were tested with the best electrode being the one incorporating heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl)-β-cyclodextrin with the membrane plasticized with 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether. 25491808 5 36 theme months 1026:1031 arg1 range 1001:1005 a pH range 996:1005 a pH range of 6.2-8.5 over 10 months without any considerable deterioration 996:1070 The electrode has a response time of 10s and can be used within a pH range of 6.2-8.5 over 10 months without any considerable deterioration. 25491808 7 37 theme diclofenac-selective 1195:1214 arg1 electrode 1216:1224 the diclofenac-selective electrode 1191:1224 the diclofenac-selective electrode 1191:1224 The notable advantages of the diclofenac-selective electrode include its high sensitivity, selectivity, cost-effectiveness, and comfortable application in drug and urine analysis. 25491808 4 38 theme drug 915:918 arg1 excipients 920:929 some common drug excipients 903:929 some common drug excipients 903:929 The proposed electrode can easily discriminate diclofenac ions from several inorganic and organic interferents and some common drug excipients. 25491808 7 39 theme comfortable 1293:1303 arg1 application 1305:1315 comfortable application 1293:1315 comfortable application 1293:1315 The notable advantages of the diclofenac-selective electrode include its high sensitivity, selectivity, cost-effectiveness, and comfortable application in drug and urine analysis. 25491808 3 40 theme mol 777:779 arg1 L 781:781 1.4×10(-5) mol L(-1) 766:785 1.4×10(-5) mol L(-1) 766:785 The electrode is characterized by a near-Nernstian response slope of -60.0 mV decade(-1) over the linear range of 5.0×10(-5)-1.0×10(-2) mol L(-1) and a limit of detection of 1.4×10(-5) mol L(-1). 25491808 4 41 theme organic 878:884 arg1 interferents 886:897 several inorganic and organic interferents 856:897 several inorganic and organic interferents 856:897 The proposed electrode can easily discriminate diclofenac ions from several inorganic and organic interferents and some common drug excipients. 25491808 5 42 theme response 952:959 arg1 time 961:964 a response time 950:964 a response time of 10s 950:971 The electrode has a response time of 10s and can be used within a pH range of 6.2-8.5 over 10 months without any considerable deterioration. 25491808 2 43 theme compositions 409:420 arg1 membranes 386:394 Several plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) membranes 345:394 Several plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) membranes of different compositions 345:420 Several plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) membranes of different compositions were tested with the best electrode being the one incorporating heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl)-β-cyclodextrin with the membrane plasticized with 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether. 25491808 4 44 theme proposed 792:799 arg1 electrode 801:809 The proposed electrode 788:809 The proposed electrode 788:809 The proposed electrode can easily discriminate diclofenac ions from several inorganic and organic interferents and some common drug excipients. 25491808 7 45 from application 1305:1315 arg1 drug 1320:1323 drug 1320:1323 drug 1320:1323 The notable advantages of the diclofenac-selective electrode include its high sensitivity, selectivity, cost-effectiveness, and comfortable application in drug and urine analysis. 25491808 7 45 from application 1305:1315 arg1 analysis 1335:1342 urine analysis 1329:1342 urine analysis 1329:1342 The notable advantages of the diclofenac-selective electrode include its high sensitivity, selectivity, cost-effectiveness, and comfortable application in drug and urine analysis. 25491808 1 46 theme diclofenac-selective 144:163 arg1 electrodes 174:183 diclofenac-selective membrane electrodes 144:183 diclofenac-selective membrane electrodes incorporating β-cyclodextrins: (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin, heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin, and heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl)-β-cyclodextrin 144:342 This paper reports the preparation of diclofenac-selective membrane electrodes incorporating β-cyclodextrins: (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin, heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin, and heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl)-β-cyclodextrin. 25491808 5 47 theme 10s 969:971 arg1 time 961:964 a response time 950:964 a response time of 10s 950:971 The electrode has a response time of 10s and can be used within a pH range of 6.2-8.5 over 10 months without any considerable deterioration. 25491808 2 48 with -β-cyclodextrin 515:529 arg1 membrane 540:547 the membrane 536:547 the membrane plasticized with 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether 536:589 Several plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) membranes of different compositions were tested with the best electrode being the one incorporating heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl)-β-cyclodextrin with the membrane plasticized with 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether. 25491808 1 49 theme membrane 165:172 arg1 electrodes 174:183 diclofenac-selective membrane electrodes 144:183 diclofenac-selective membrane electrodes incorporating β-cyclodextrins: (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin, heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin, and heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl)-β-cyclodextrin 144:342 This paper reports the preparation of diclofenac-selective membrane electrodes incorporating β-cyclodextrins: (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin, heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin, and heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl)-β-cyclodextrin. 25491808 6 50 theme electrode 1115:1123 arg1 properties 1088:1097 The electrical properties 1073:1097 The electrical properties of the membrane electrode 1073:1123 The electrical properties of the membrane electrode were studied by impedance spectroscopy. 25491808 2 51 theme poly 365:368 arg1 membranes 386:394 Several plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) membranes 345:394 Several plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) membranes of different compositions 345:420 Several plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) membranes of different compositions were tested with the best electrode being the one incorporating heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl)-β-cyclodextrin with the membrane plasticized with 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether. 25491808 1 52 theme electrodes 174:183 arg1 preparation 129:139 the preparation 125:139 the preparation of diclofenac-selective membrane electrodes incorporating β-cyclodextrins: (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin, heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin, and heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl)-β-cyclodextrin 125:342 This paper reports the preparation of diclofenac-selective membrane electrodes incorporating β-cyclodextrins: (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin, heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin, and heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl)-β-cyclodextrin. 25491808 7 53 theme electrode 1216:1224 arg1 advantages 1177:1186 The notable advantages 1165:1186 The notable advantages of the diclofenac-selective electrode 1165:1224 The notable advantages of the diclofenac-selective electrode include its high sensitivity, selectivity, cost-effectiveness, and comfortable application in drug and urine analysis. 25491808 3 54 theme L 781:781 arg1 detection 753:761 detection 753:761 detection of 1.4×10(-5) mol L(-1) 753:785 The electrode is characterized by a near-Nernstian response slope of -60.0 mV decade(-1) over the linear range of 5.0×10(-5)-1.0×10(-2) mol L(-1) and a limit of detection of 1.4×10(-5) mol L(-1). 25491808 0 55 theme diclofenac 80:89 arg1 determination 91:103 diclofenac determination 80:103 diclofenac determination 80:103 A new potentiometric electrode incorporating functionalized β-cyclodextrins for diclofenac determination. 25491808 3 56 theme linear 690:695 arg1 range 697:701 the linear range 686:701 the linear range of 5.0×10(-5)-1.0×10(-2) mol L(-1) 686:736 The electrode is characterized by a near-Nernstian response slope of -60.0 mV decade(-1) over the linear range of 5.0×10(-5)-1.0×10(-2) mol L(-1) and a limit of detection of 1.4×10(-5) mol L(-1). 25491808 1 57 theme β-cyclodextrins 199:213 arg1 -β-cyclodextrin 233:247 β-cyclodextrins: (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin 199:247 β-cyclodextrins: (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin 199:247 This paper reports the preparation of diclofenac-selective membrane electrodes incorporating β-cyclodextrins: (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin, heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin, and heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl)-β-cyclodextrin. 25491808 1 58 theme heptakis 299:306 arg1 -β-cyclodextrin 328:342 heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl)-β-cyclodextrin 299:342 heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl)-β-cyclodextrin 299:342 This paper reports the preparation of diclofenac-selective membrane electrodes incorporating β-cyclodextrins: (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin, heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin, and heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl)-β-cyclodextrin. 26518519 9 0 theme charged 1821:1827 arg1 acids 1835:1839 charged amino acids 1821:1839 charged amino acids similar to other amphipathic proteins that interact directly with membranes 1821:1915 Consistent with the ability to stabilize lipid bilayers, molecular modeling of the secondary structures for AfrLEA2 and AfrLEA3m revealed bands of charged amino acids similar to other amphipathic proteins that interact directly with membranes. 26518519 7 1 theme lipid 1481:1485 arg1 composition 1487:1497 the lipid composition 1477:1497 the lipid composition of the target membrane 1477:1520 Additive protection by LEA proteins plus trehalose was dependent on the lipid composition of the target membrane. 26518519 6 2 theme 100 1345:1347 arg1 % 1348:1348 % 1348:1348 % 1348:1348 Thus liposome stabilization by AfrLEA3m or AfrLEA2 was not dependent on lipid composition, provided physiological amounts of bilayer and non-bilayer-forming lipids were present (liposomes with a non-biological composition of 100% phosphatidylcholine were not protected by either protein). 26518519 1 3 theme Abundant 174:181 arg1 proteins 189:196 Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins 155:196 Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins 155:196 Intracellular accumulation of Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins and the disaccharide trehalose is associated with cellular desiccation tolerance in a number of animal species. 26518519 1 3 theme Abundant 174:181 arg1 LEA 184:186 LEA 184:186 LEA 184:186 Intracellular accumulation of Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins and the disaccharide trehalose is associated with cellular desiccation tolerance in a number of animal species. 26518519 7 4 theme membrane 1513:1520 arg1 composition 1487:1497 the lipid composition 1477:1497 the lipid composition of the target membrane 1477:1520 Additive protection by LEA proteins plus trehalose was dependent on the lipid composition of the target membrane. 26518519 9 5 theme amino 1829:1833 arg1 acids 1835:1839 charged amino acids 1821:1839 charged amino acids similar to other amphipathic proteins that interact directly with membranes 1821:1915 Consistent with the ability to stabilize lipid bilayers, molecular modeling of the secondary structures for AfrLEA2 and AfrLEA3m revealed bands of charged amino acids similar to other amphipathic proteins that interact directly with membranes. 26518519 4 6 dep cytoplasmic-localized 641:661 arg1 protein 717:723 LEA protein 713:723 LEA protein 713:723 Further, using a cytoplasmic-localized (AfrLEA2) and a mitochondrial-targeted (AfrLEA3m) LEA protein allowed us to evaluate whether each may preferentially stabilize membranes of a particular lipid composition based on the protein's subcellular location. 26518519 2 7 from embryos 346:352 arg1 proteins 318:325 Two LEA proteins 310:325 Two LEA proteins from anhydrobiotic embryos of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana 310:392 Two LEA proteins from anhydrobiotic embryos of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana were tested for the ability to protect liposomes of various compositions against desiccation-induced damage in the presence and absence of trehalose. 26518519 2 8 theme brine 361:365 arg1 franciscana 382:392 the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana 357:392 the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana 357:392 Two LEA proteins from anhydrobiotic embryos of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana were tested for the ability to protect liposomes of various compositions against desiccation-induced damage in the presence and absence of trehalose. 26518519 6 9 theme liposome 1125:1132 arg1 stabilization 1134:1146 liposome stabilization 1125:1146 liposome stabilization by AfrLEA3m or AfrLEA2 1125:1169 Thus liposome stabilization by AfrLEA3m or AfrLEA2 was not dependent on lipid composition, provided physiological amounts of bilayer and non-bilayer-forming lipids were present (liposomes with a non-biological composition of 100% phosphatidylcholine were not protected by either protein). 26518519 6 10 theme bilayer 1245:1251 arg1 bilayer 1245:1251 bilayer 1245:1251 bilayer 1245:1251 Thus liposome stabilization by AfrLEA3m or AfrLEA2 was not dependent on lipid composition, provided physiological amounts of bilayer and non-bilayer-forming lipids were present (liposomes with a non-biological composition of 100% phosphatidylcholine were not protected by either protein). 26518519 6 10 theme bilayer 1245:1251 arg1 lipids 1277:1282 non-bilayer-forming lipids 1257:1282 non-bilayer-forming lipids 1257:1282 Thus liposome stabilization by AfrLEA3m or AfrLEA2 was not dependent on lipid composition, provided physiological amounts of bilayer and non-bilayer-forming lipids were present (liposomes with a non-biological composition of 100% phosphatidylcholine were not protected by either protein). 26518519 6 10 theme bilayer 1245:1251 arg1 amounts 1234:1240 physiological amounts 1220:1240 physiological amounts of bilayer and non-bilayer-forming lipids 1220:1282 Thus liposome stabilization by AfrLEA3m or AfrLEA2 was not dependent on lipid composition, provided physiological amounts of bilayer and non-bilayer-forming lipids were present (liposomes with a non-biological composition of 100% phosphatidylcholine were not protected by either protein). 26518519 9 11 theme lipid 1715:1719 arg1 bilayers 1721:1728 lipid bilayers 1715:1728 lipid bilayers 1715:1728 Consistent with the ability to stabilize lipid bilayers, molecular modeling of the secondary structures for AfrLEA2 and AfrLEA3m revealed bands of charged amino acids similar to other amphipathic proteins that interact directly with membranes. 26518519 3 12 theme carboxyfluorescein 567:584 arg1 leakage 586:592 carboxyfluorescein leakage 567:592 carboxyfluorescein leakage 567:592 Damage was assessed by carboxyfluorescein leakage after drying and rehydration. 26518519 5 13 theme inner 995:999 arg1 membrane 1015:1022 the inner mitochondrial membrane 991:1022 the inner mitochondrial membrane 991:1022 Both LEA proteins were able to offset damage during drying of liposomes that mimicked the lipid compositions of the inner mitochondrial membrane (with cardiolipin), outer mitochondrial membrane, and the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. 26518519 0 14 theme Artemia 90:96 arg1 franciscana 98:108 Artemia franciscana 90:108 Artemia franciscana 90:108 Liposomes with diverse compositions are protected during desiccation by LEA proteins from Artemia franciscana and trehalose. 26518519 2 15 from damage 495:500 arg1 absence 522:528 absence 522:528 absence 522:528 Two LEA proteins from anhydrobiotic embryos of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana were tested for the ability to protect liposomes of various compositions against desiccation-induced damage in the presence and absence of trehalose. 26518519 2 15 from damage 495:500 arg1 presence 509:516 presence 509:516 presence 509:516 Two LEA proteins from anhydrobiotic embryos of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana were tested for the ability to protect liposomes of various compositions against desiccation-induced damage in the presence and absence of trehalose. 26518519 5 16 theme membrane 1015:1022 arg1 leaflet 1088:1094 the inner leaflet 1078:1094 the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane 1078:1117 Both LEA proteins were able to offset damage during drying of liposomes that mimicked the lipid compositions of the inner mitochondrial membrane (with cardiolipin), outer mitochondrial membrane, and the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. 26518519 5 16 theme membrane 1015:1022 arg1 membrane 1064:1071 outer mitochondrial membrane 1044:1071 outer mitochondrial membrane 1044:1071 Both LEA proteins were able to offset damage during drying of liposomes that mimicked the lipid compositions of the inner mitochondrial membrane (with cardiolipin), outer mitochondrial membrane, and the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. 26518519 5 16 theme membrane 1015:1022 arg1 compositions 975:986 the lipid compositions 965:986 the lipid compositions of the inner mitochondrial membrane (with cardiolipin) 965:1041 Both LEA proteins were able to offset damage during drying of liposomes that mimicked the lipid compositions of the inner mitochondrial membrane (with cardiolipin), outer mitochondrial membrane, and the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. 26518519 6 17 theme non-biological 1315:1328 arg1 composition 1330:1340 a non-biological composition 1313:1340 a non-biological composition of 100% phosphatidylcholine 1313:1368 Thus liposome stabilization by AfrLEA3m or AfrLEA2 was not dependent on lipid composition, provided physiological amounts of bilayer and non-bilayer-forming lipids were present (liposomes with a non-biological composition of 100% phosphatidylcholine were not protected by either protein). 26518519 2 18 theme shrimp 367:372 arg1 franciscana 382:392 the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana 357:392 the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana 357:392 Two LEA proteins from anhydrobiotic embryos of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana were tested for the ability to protect liposomes of various compositions against desiccation-induced damage in the presence and absence of trehalose. 26518519 5 19 with leaflet 1088:1094 arg1 cardiolipin 1030:1040 cardiolipin 1030:1040 cardiolipin 1030:1040 Both LEA proteins were able to offset damage during drying of liposomes that mimicked the lipid compositions of the inner mitochondrial membrane (with cardiolipin), outer mitochondrial membrane, and the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. 26518519 5 20 theme lipid 969:973 arg1 compositions 975:986 the lipid compositions 965:986 the lipid compositions of the inner mitochondrial membrane (with cardiolipin) 965:1041 Both LEA proteins were able to offset damage during drying of liposomes that mimicked the lipid compositions of the inner mitochondrial membrane (with cardiolipin), outer mitochondrial membrane, and the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. 26518519 8 21 theme room 1581:1584 arg1 temperature 1586:1596 room temperature 1581:1596 room temperature 1581:1596 Minimal additional damage occurred to liposomes stored at room temperature in the dried state for one week compared to liposomes rehydrated after 24h. 26518519 9 22 with Consistent 1674:1683 arg1 ability 1694:1700 the ability to stabilize lipid bilayers 1690:1728 the ability to stabilize lipid bilayers 1690:1728 Consistent with the ability to stabilize lipid bilayers, molecular modeling of the secondary structures for AfrLEA2 and AfrLEA3m revealed bands of charged amino acids similar to other amphipathic proteins that interact directly with membranes. 26518519 5 23 theme LEA 884:886 arg1 proteins 888:895 Both LEA proteins 879:895 Both LEA proteins 879:895 Both LEA proteins were able to offset damage during drying of liposomes that mimicked the lipid compositions of the inner mitochondrial membrane (with cardiolipin), outer mitochondrial membrane, and the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. 26518519 4 24 theme composition 822:832 arg1 membranes 790:798 membranes 790:798 membranes of a particular lipid composition based on the protein's subcellular location 790:876 Further, using a cytoplasmic-localized (AfrLEA2) and a mitochondrial-targeted (AfrLEA3m) LEA protein allowed us to evaluate whether each may preferentially stabilize membranes of a particular lipid composition based on the protein's subcellular location. 26518519 4 25 theme LEA 713:715 arg1 protein 717:723 LEA protein 713:723 LEA protein 713:723 Further, using a cytoplasmic-localized (AfrLEA2) and a mitochondrial-targeted (AfrLEA3m) LEA protein allowed us to evaluate whether each may preferentially stabilize membranes of a particular lipid composition based on the protein's subcellular location. 26518519 6 26 dep dependent 1179:1187 arg1 provided 1211:1218 provided 1211:1218 provided physiological amounts of bilayer and non-bilayer-forming lipids were present (liposomes with a non-biological composition of 100% phosphatidylcholine were not protected by either protein) 1211:1406 Thus liposome stabilization by AfrLEA3m or AfrLEA2 was not dependent on lipid composition, provided physiological amounts of bilayer and non-bilayer-forming lipids were present (liposomes with a non-biological composition of 100% phosphatidylcholine were not protected by either protein). 26518519 2 27 theme trehalose 533:541 arg1 absence 522:528 absence 522:528 absence 522:528 Two LEA proteins from anhydrobiotic embryos of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana were tested for the ability to protect liposomes of various compositions against desiccation-induced damage in the presence and absence of trehalose. 26518519 2 27 theme trehalose 533:541 arg1 presence 509:516 presence 509:516 presence 509:516 Two LEA proteins from anhydrobiotic embryos of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana were tested for the ability to protect liposomes of various compositions against desiccation-induced damage in the presence and absence of trehalose. 26518519 9 28 theme molecular 1731:1739 arg1 modeling 1741:1748 molecular modeling 1731:1748 molecular modeling of the secondary structures for AfrLEA2 and AfrLEA3m 1731:1801 Consistent with the ability to stabilize lipid bilayers, molecular modeling of the secondary structures for AfrLEA2 and AfrLEA3m revealed bands of charged amino acids similar to other amphipathic proteins that interact directly with membranes. 26518519 4 29 theme lipid 816:820 arg1 composition 822:832 a particular lipid composition 803:832 a particular lipid composition based on the protein's subcellular location 803:876 Further, using a cytoplasmic-localized (AfrLEA2) and a mitochondrial-targeted (AfrLEA3m) LEA protein allowed us to evaluate whether each may preferentially stabilize membranes of a particular lipid composition based on the protein's subcellular location. 26518519 8 30 theme Minimal 1523:1529 arg1 damage 1542:1547 Minimal additional damage 1523:1547 Minimal additional damage 1523:1547 Minimal additional damage occurred to liposomes stored at room temperature in the dried state for one week compared to liposomes rehydrated after 24h. 26518519 9 31 theme amphipathic 1858:1868 arg1 proteins 1870:1877 other amphipathic proteins 1852:1877 other amphipathic proteins that interact directly with membranes 1852:1915 Consistent with the ability to stabilize lipid bilayers, molecular modeling of the secondary structures for AfrLEA2 and AfrLEA3m revealed bands of charged amino acids similar to other amphipathic proteins that interact directly with membranes. 26518519 7 32 theme target 1506:1511 arg1 membrane 1513:1520 the target membrane 1502:1520 the target membrane 1502:1520 Additive protection by LEA proteins plus trehalose was dependent on the lipid composition of the target membrane. 26518519 9 33 theme secondary 1757:1765 arg1 structures 1767:1776 the secondary structures 1753:1776 the secondary structures for AfrLEA2 and AfrLEA3m 1753:1801 Consistent with the ability to stabilize lipid bilayers, molecular modeling of the secondary structures for AfrLEA2 and AfrLEA3m revealed bands of charged amino acids similar to other amphipathic proteins that interact directly with membranes. 26518519 6 34 theme lipid 1192:1196 arg1 composition 1198:1208 lipid composition 1192:1208 lipid composition 1192:1208 Thus liposome stabilization by AfrLEA3m or AfrLEA2 was not dependent on lipid composition, provided physiological amounts of bilayer and non-bilayer-forming lipids were present (liposomes with a non-biological composition of 100% phosphatidylcholine were not protected by either protein). 26518519 1 35 theme proteins 189:196 arg1 accumulation 139:150 Intracellular accumulation 125:150 Intracellular accumulation of Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins 125:196 Intracellular accumulation of Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins and the disaccharide trehalose is associated with cellular desiccation tolerance in a number of animal species. 26518519 1 35 theme proteins 189:196 arg1 trehalose 219:227 the disaccharide trehalose 202:227 the disaccharide trehalose 202:227 Intracellular accumulation of Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins and the disaccharide trehalose is associated with cellular desiccation tolerance in a number of animal species. 26518519 2 36 theme compositions 454:465 arg1 liposomes 433:441 liposomes 433:441 liposomes of various compositions 433:465 Two LEA proteins from anhydrobiotic embryos of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana were tested for the ability to protect liposomes of various compositions against desiccation-induced damage in the presence and absence of trehalose. 26518519 8 37 theme additional 1531:1540 arg1 damage 1542:1547 Minimal additional damage 1523:1547 Minimal additional damage 1523:1547 Minimal additional damage occurred to liposomes stored at room temperature in the dried state for one week compared to liposomes rehydrated after 24h. 26518519 2 38 theme various 446:452 arg1 compositions 454:465 various compositions 446:465 various compositions 446:465 Two LEA proteins from anhydrobiotic embryos of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana were tested for the ability to protect liposomes of various compositions against desiccation-induced damage in the presence and absence of trehalose. 26518519 1 39 theme animal 294:299 arg1 species 301:307 animal species 294:307 animal species 294:307 Intracellular accumulation of Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins and the disaccharide trehalose is associated with cellular desiccation tolerance in a number of animal species. 26518519 9 40 theme similar 1841:1847 arg1 acids 1835:1839 charged amino acids 1821:1839 charged amino acids similar to other amphipathic proteins that interact directly with membranes 1821:1915 Consistent with the ability to stabilize lipid bilayers, molecular modeling of the secondary structures for AfrLEA2 and AfrLEA3m revealed bands of charged amino acids similar to other amphipathic proteins that interact directly with membranes. 26518519 7 41 theme LEA 1432:1434 arg1 proteins 1436:1443 LEA proteins 1432:1443 LEA proteins 1432:1443 Additive protection by LEA proteins plus trehalose was dependent on the lipid composition of the target membrane. 26518519 2 42 theme LEA 314:316 arg1 proteins 318:325 Two LEA proteins 310:325 Two LEA proteins from anhydrobiotic embryos of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana 310:392 Two LEA proteins from anhydrobiotic embryos of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana were tested for the ability to protect liposomes of various compositions against desiccation-induced damage in the presence and absence of trehalose. 26518519 5 43 theme mitochondrial 1050:1062 arg1 membrane 1064:1071 outer mitochondrial membrane 1044:1071 outer mitochondrial membrane 1044:1071 Both LEA proteins were able to offset damage during drying of liposomes that mimicked the lipid compositions of the inner mitochondrial membrane (with cardiolipin), outer mitochondrial membrane, and the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. 26518519 5 44 theme mitochondrial 1001:1013 arg1 membrane 1015:1022 the inner mitochondrial membrane 991:1022 the inner mitochondrial membrane 991:1022 Both LEA proteins were able to offset damage during drying of liposomes that mimicked the lipid compositions of the inner mitochondrial membrane (with cardiolipin), outer mitochondrial membrane, and the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. 26518519 0 45 theme diverse 15:21 arg1 compositions 23:34 diverse compositions 15:34 diverse compositions 15:34 Liposomes with diverse compositions are protected during desiccation by LEA proteins from Artemia franciscana and trehalose. 26518519 1 46 theme species 301:307 arg1 number 284:289 a number 282:289 a number of animal species 282:307 Intracellular accumulation of Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins and the disaccharide trehalose is associated with cellular desiccation tolerance in a number of animal species. 26518519 2 47 theme franciscana 382:392 arg1 embryos 346:352 anhydrobiotic embryos 332:352 anhydrobiotic embryos of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana 332:392 Two LEA proteins from anhydrobiotic embryos of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana were tested for the ability to protect liposomes of various compositions against desiccation-induced damage in the presence and absence of trehalose. 26518519 6 48 theme physiological 1220:1232 arg1 bilayer 1245:1251 bilayer 1245:1251 bilayer 1245:1251 Thus liposome stabilization by AfrLEA3m or AfrLEA2 was not dependent on lipid composition, provided physiological amounts of bilayer and non-bilayer-forming lipids were present (liposomes with a non-biological composition of 100% phosphatidylcholine were not protected by either protein). 26518519 6 48 theme physiological 1220:1232 arg1 lipids 1277:1282 non-bilayer-forming lipids 1257:1282 non-bilayer-forming lipids 1257:1282 Thus liposome stabilization by AfrLEA3m or AfrLEA2 was not dependent on lipid composition, provided physiological amounts of bilayer and non-bilayer-forming lipids were present (liposomes with a non-biological composition of 100% phosphatidylcholine were not protected by either protein). 26518519 6 48 theme physiological 1220:1232 arg1 amounts 1234:1240 physiological amounts 1220:1240 physiological amounts of bilayer and non-bilayer-forming lipids 1220:1282 Thus liposome stabilization by AfrLEA3m or AfrLEA2 was not dependent on lipid composition, provided physiological amounts of bilayer and non-bilayer-forming lipids were present (liposomes with a non-biological composition of 100% phosphatidylcholine were not protected by either protein). 26518519 5 49 theme liposomes 941:949 arg1 drying 931:936 drying 931:936 drying of liposomes that mimicked the lipid compositions of the inner mitochondrial membrane (with cardiolipin), outer mitochondrial membrane, and the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane 931:1117 Both LEA proteins were able to offset damage during drying of liposomes that mimicked the lipid compositions of the inner mitochondrial membrane (with cardiolipin), outer mitochondrial membrane, and the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. 26518519 1 50 theme disaccharide 206:217 arg1 trehalose 219:227 the disaccharide trehalose 202:227 the disaccharide trehalose 202:227 Intracellular accumulation of Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins and the disaccharide trehalose is associated with cellular desiccation tolerance in a number of animal species. 26518519 9 51 theme structures 1767:1776 arg1 modeling 1741:1748 molecular modeling 1731:1748 molecular modeling of the secondary structures for AfrLEA2 and AfrLEA3m 1731:1801 Consistent with the ability to stabilize lipid bilayers, molecular modeling of the secondary structures for AfrLEA2 and AfrLEA3m revealed bands of charged amino acids similar to other amphipathic proteins that interact directly with membranes. 26518519 1 52 from tolerance 269:277 arg1 number 284:289 a number 282:289 a number of animal species 282:307 Intracellular accumulation of Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins and the disaccharide trehalose is associated with cellular desiccation tolerance in a number of animal species. 26518519 5 53 theme plasma 1103:1108 arg1 membrane 1110:1117 the plasma membrane 1099:1117 the plasma membrane 1099:1117 Both LEA proteins were able to offset damage during drying of liposomes that mimicked the lipid compositions of the inner mitochondrial membrane (with cardiolipin), outer mitochondrial membrane, and the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. 26518519 4 54 theme subcellular 857:867 arg1 location 869:876 the protein's subcellular location 843:876 the protein's subcellular location 843:876 Further, using a cytoplasmic-localized (AfrLEA2) and a mitochondrial-targeted (AfrLEA3m) LEA protein allowed us to evaluate whether each may preferentially stabilize membranes of a particular lipid composition based on the protein's subcellular location. 26518519 5 55 theme membrane 1110:1117 arg1 leaflet 1088:1094 the inner leaflet 1078:1094 the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane 1078:1117 Both LEA proteins were able to offset damage during drying of liposomes that mimicked the lipid compositions of the inner mitochondrial membrane (with cardiolipin), outer mitochondrial membrane, and the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. 26518519 5 55 theme membrane 1110:1117 arg1 membrane 1064:1071 outer mitochondrial membrane 1044:1071 outer mitochondrial membrane 1044:1071 Both LEA proteins were able to offset damage during drying of liposomes that mimicked the lipid compositions of the inner mitochondrial membrane (with cardiolipin), outer mitochondrial membrane, and the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. 26518519 5 55 theme membrane 1110:1117 arg1 compositions 975:986 the lipid compositions 965:986 the lipid compositions of the inner mitochondrial membrane (with cardiolipin) 965:1041 Both LEA proteins were able to offset damage during drying of liposomes that mimicked the lipid compositions of the inner mitochondrial membrane (with cardiolipin), outer mitochondrial membrane, and the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. 26518519 5 56 with compositions 975:986 arg1 cardiolipin 1030:1040 cardiolipin 1030:1040 cardiolipin 1030:1040 Both LEA proteins were able to offset damage during drying of liposomes that mimicked the lipid compositions of the inner mitochondrial membrane (with cardiolipin), outer mitochondrial membrane, and the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. 26518519 5 57 with membrane 1064:1071 arg1 cardiolipin 1030:1040 cardiolipin 1030:1040 cardiolipin 1030:1040 Both LEA proteins were able to offset damage during drying of liposomes that mimicked the lipid compositions of the inner mitochondrial membrane (with cardiolipin), outer mitochondrial membrane, and the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. 26518519 9 58 theme acids 1835:1839 arg1 bands 1812:1816 bands 1812:1816 bands of charged amino acids similar to other amphipathic proteins that interact directly with membranes 1812:1915 Consistent with the ability to stabilize lipid bilayers, molecular modeling of the secondary structures for AfrLEA2 and AfrLEA3m revealed bands of charged amino acids similar to other amphipathic proteins that interact directly with membranes. 26518519 8 59 theme dried 1605:1609 arg1 state 1611:1615 the dried state 1601:1615 the dried state for one week compared to liposomes rehydrated after 24h 1601:1671 Minimal additional damage occurred to liposomes stored at room temperature in the dried state for one week compared to liposomes rehydrated after 24h. 26518519 6 60 theme lipids 1277:1282 arg1 bilayer 1245:1251 bilayer 1245:1251 bilayer 1245:1251 Thus liposome stabilization by AfrLEA3m or AfrLEA2 was not dependent on lipid composition, provided physiological amounts of bilayer and non-bilayer-forming lipids were present (liposomes with a non-biological composition of 100% phosphatidylcholine were not protected by either protein). 26518519 6 60 theme lipids 1277:1282 arg1 lipids 1277:1282 non-bilayer-forming lipids 1257:1282 non-bilayer-forming lipids 1257:1282 Thus liposome stabilization by AfrLEA3m or AfrLEA2 was not dependent on lipid composition, provided physiological amounts of bilayer and non-bilayer-forming lipids were present (liposomes with a non-biological composition of 100% phosphatidylcholine were not protected by either protein). 26518519 6 60 theme lipids 1277:1282 arg1 amounts 1234:1240 physiological amounts 1220:1240 physiological amounts of bilayer and non-bilayer-forming lipids 1220:1282 Thus liposome stabilization by AfrLEA3m or AfrLEA2 was not dependent on lipid composition, provided physiological amounts of bilayer and non-bilayer-forming lipids were present (liposomes with a non-biological composition of 100% phosphatidylcholine were not protected by either protein). 26518519 2 61 theme desiccation-induced 475:493 arg1 damage 495:500 desiccation-induced damage 475:500 desiccation-induced damage in the presence and absence of trehalose 475:541 Two LEA proteins from anhydrobiotic embryos of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana were tested for the ability to protect liposomes of various compositions against desiccation-induced damage in the presence and absence of trehalose. 26518519 2 62 dep presence 509:516 arg1 the 505:507 the 505:507 the 505:507 Two LEA proteins from anhydrobiotic embryos of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana were tested for the ability to protect liposomes of various compositions against desiccation-induced damage in the presence and absence of trehalose. 26518519 0 63 from trehalose 114:122 arg1 proteins 76:83 LEA proteins 72:83 LEA proteins from Artemia franciscana and trehalose 72:122 Liposomes with diverse compositions are protected during desiccation by LEA proteins from Artemia franciscana and trehalose. 26518519 6 64 theme non-bilayer-forming 1257:1275 arg1 lipids 1277:1282 non-bilayer-forming lipids 1257:1282 non-bilayer-forming lipids 1257:1282 Thus liposome stabilization by AfrLEA3m or AfrLEA2 was not dependent on lipid composition, provided physiological amounts of bilayer and non-bilayer-forming lipids were present (liposomes with a non-biological composition of 100% phosphatidylcholine were not protected by either protein). 26518519 9 65 theme other 1852:1856 arg1 proteins 1870:1877 other amphipathic proteins 1852:1877 other amphipathic proteins that interact directly with membranes 1852:1915 Consistent with the ability to stabilize lipid bilayers, molecular modeling of the secondary structures for AfrLEA2 and AfrLEA3m revealed bands of charged amino acids similar to other amphipathic proteins that interact directly with membranes. 26518519 1 66 theme Intracellular 125:137 arg1 accumulation 139:150 Intracellular accumulation 125:150 Intracellular accumulation of Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins 125:196 Intracellular accumulation of Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins and the disaccharide trehalose is associated with cellular desiccation tolerance in a number of animal species. 26518519 6 67 theme phosphatidylcholine 1350:1368 arg1 composition 1330:1340 a non-biological composition 1313:1340 a non-biological composition of 100% phosphatidylcholine 1313:1368 Thus liposome stabilization by AfrLEA3m or AfrLEA2 was not dependent on lipid composition, provided physiological amounts of bilayer and non-bilayer-forming lipids were present (liposomes with a non-biological composition of 100% phosphatidylcholine were not protected by either protein). 26518519 5 68 theme inner 1082:1086 arg1 leaflet 1088:1094 the inner leaflet 1078:1094 the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane 1078:1117 Both LEA proteins were able to offset damage during drying of liposomes that mimicked the lipid compositions of the inner mitochondrial membrane (with cardiolipin), outer mitochondrial membrane, and the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. 26518519 7 69 theme Additive 1409:1416 arg1 protection 1418:1427 Additive protection 1409:1427 Additive protection by LEA proteins plus trehalose 1409:1458 Additive protection by LEA proteins plus trehalose was dependent on the lipid composition of the target membrane. 26518519 0 70 with Liposomes 0:8 arg1 compositions 23:34 diverse compositions 15:34 diverse compositions 15:34 Liposomes with diverse compositions are protected during desiccation by LEA proteins from Artemia franciscana and trehalose. 26518519 6 71 theme % 1348:1348 arg1 phosphatidylcholine 1350:1368 100% phosphatidylcholine 1345:1368 100% phosphatidylcholine 1345:1368 Thus liposome stabilization by AfrLEA3m or AfrLEA2 was not dependent on lipid composition, provided physiological amounts of bilayer and non-bilayer-forming lipids were present (liposomes with a non-biological composition of 100% phosphatidylcholine were not protected by either protein). 26518519 0 72 from franciscana 98:108 arg1 proteins 76:83 LEA proteins 72:83 LEA proteins from Artemia franciscana and trehalose 72:122 Liposomes with diverse compositions are protected during desiccation by LEA proteins from Artemia franciscana and trehalose. 26518519 4 73 theme particular 805:814 arg1 composition 822:832 a particular lipid composition 803:832 a particular lipid composition based on the protein's subcellular location 803:876 Further, using a cytoplasmic-localized (AfrLEA2) and a mitochondrial-targeted (AfrLEA3m) LEA protein allowed us to evaluate whether each may preferentially stabilize membranes of a particular lipid composition based on the protein's subcellular location. 26518519 2 74 theme anhydrobiotic 332:344 arg1 embryos 346:352 anhydrobiotic embryos 332:352 anhydrobiotic embryos of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana 332:392 Two LEA proteins from anhydrobiotic embryos of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana were tested for the ability to protect liposomes of various compositions against desiccation-induced damage in the presence and absence of trehalose. 26518519 0 75 theme LEA 72:74 arg1 proteins 76:83 LEA proteins 72:83 LEA proteins from Artemia franciscana and trehalose 72:122 Liposomes with diverse compositions are protected during desiccation by LEA proteins from Artemia franciscana and trehalose. 26518519 1 76 theme Late 155:158 arg1 Embryogenesis 160:172 Late Embryogenesis 155:172 Late Embryogenesis 155:172 Intracellular accumulation of Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins and the disaccharide trehalose is associated with cellular desiccation tolerance in a number of animal species. 26518519 1 77 theme cellular 248:255 arg1 tolerance 269:277 cellular desiccation tolerance 248:277 cellular desiccation tolerance in a number of animal species 248:307 Intracellular accumulation of Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins and the disaccharide trehalose is associated with cellular desiccation tolerance in a number of animal species. 26518519 5 78 theme outer 1044:1048 arg1 membrane 1064:1071 outer mitochondrial membrane 1044:1071 outer mitochondrial membrane 1044:1071 Both LEA proteins were able to offset damage during drying of liposomes that mimicked the lipid compositions of the inner mitochondrial membrane (with cardiolipin), outer mitochondrial membrane, and the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. 26518519 2 79 theme Artemia 374:380 arg1 franciscana 382:392 the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana 357:392 the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana 357:392 Two LEA proteins from anhydrobiotic embryos of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana were tested for the ability to protect liposomes of various compositions against desiccation-induced damage in the presence and absence of trehalose. 26518519 6 80 with liposomes 1298:1306 arg1 composition 1330:1340 a non-biological composition 1313:1340 a non-biological composition of 100% phosphatidylcholine 1313:1368 Thus liposome stabilization by AfrLEA3m or AfrLEA2 was not dependent on lipid composition, provided physiological amounts of bilayer and non-bilayer-forming lipids were present (liposomes with a non-biological composition of 100% phosphatidylcholine were not protected by either protein). 26518519 1 81 theme desiccation 257:267 arg1 tolerance 269:277 cellular desiccation tolerance 248:277 cellular desiccation tolerance in a number of animal species 248:307 Intracellular accumulation of Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins and the disaccharide trehalose is associated with cellular desiccation tolerance in a number of animal species. 26825682 9 0 theme mechanical 1441:1450 arg1 properties 1452:1461 the relevant biochemical and mechanical properties 1412:1461 the relevant biochemical and mechanical properties of porcine tracheal cartilage 1412:1491 CONCLUSION This study presents a comprehensive characterization of the relevant biochemical and mechanical properties of porcine tracheal cartilage, which is considered an excellent candidate for xenogenic tracheal graft and a source for tissue-engineered tracheal reconstruction. 26825682 8 1 theme Aggregate 1205:1213 arg1 stiffness 1224:1232 stiffness 1224:1232 stiffness 1224:1232 Aggregate modulus (stiffness) of porcine tracheal rings was 1.30 ± 0.28 MPa, and inflationary compliance was 0.00472 ± 0.00188 cmH2 O(-1) . 26825682 8 1 theme Aggregate 1205:1213 arg1 modulus 1215:1221 Aggregate modulus 1205:1221 Aggregate modulus (stiffness) of porcine tracheal rings 1205:1259 Aggregate modulus (stiffness) of porcine tracheal rings was 1.30 ± 0.28 MPa, and inflationary compliance was 0.00472 ± 0.00188 cmH2 O(-1) . 26825682 2 2 theme properties 340:349 arg1 knowledge 289:297 detailed knowledge 280:297 detailed knowledge of the native mechanical and biochemical properties of the trachea 280:364 Tissue-engineering approaches to treat tracheal diseases require detailed knowledge of the native mechanical and biochemical properties of the trachea. 26825682 5 3 theme porcine 601:607 arg1 tracheas 609:616 12 intact porcine tracheas 591:616 12 intact porcine tracheas 591:616 The mechanical and biochemical properties of 12 intact porcine tracheas were determined to characterize their compliance, as well as the aggregate modulus, bidirectional elastic modulus, hydraulic permeability, and biochemical characteristics of individual cartilage rings. 26825682 9 4 theme tracheal 1474:1481 arg1 cartilage 1483:1491 porcine tracheal cartilage 1466:1491 porcine tracheal cartilage 1466:1491 CONCLUSION This study presents a comprehensive characterization of the relevant biochemical and mechanical properties of porcine tracheal cartilage, which is considered an excellent candidate for xenogenic tracheal graft and a source for tissue-engineered tracheal reconstruction. 26825682 5 5 theme individual 792:801 arg1 rings 813:817 individual cartilage rings 792:817 individual cartilage rings 792:817 The mechanical and biochemical properties of 12 intact porcine tracheas were determined to characterize their compliance, as well as the aggregate modulus, bidirectional elastic modulus, hydraulic permeability, and biochemical characteristics of individual cartilage rings. 26825682 6 6 theme ± 903:903 arg1 deviation 914:922 mean ± standard deviation 898:922 mean ± standard deviation 898:922 RESULTS Data demonstrate the glycosaminoglycan content of tracheal rings was (mean ± standard deviation) 190 ± 49 μg/mg. 26825682 7 7 theme Hydroxyproline 941:954 arg1 content 956:962 Hydroxyproline content 941:962 Hydroxyproline content 941:962 Hydroxyproline content was 8.2 ± 3.2 μg/mg, and DNA content was 1.3 ± 0.27 μg/mg, a four-fold difference between circumferential elastic modulus (5.6 ± 2.0 megapascal [MPa]) and longitudinal composite elastic modulus (1.1 ± 0.7 MPa, P < 0.0001) was also observed. 26825682 8 8 theme porcine 1238:1244 arg1 rings 1255:1259 porcine tracheal rings 1238:1259 porcine tracheal rings 1238:1259 Aggregate modulus (stiffness) of porcine tracheal rings was 1.30 ± 0.28 MPa, and inflationary compliance was 0.00472 ± 0.00188 cmH2 O(-1) . 26825682 8 9 theme inflationary 1286:1297 arg1 compliance 1299:1308 inflationary compliance 1286:1308 inflationary compliance 1286:1308 Aggregate modulus (stiffness) of porcine tracheal rings was 1.30 ± 0.28 MPa, and inflationary compliance was 0.00472 ± 0.00188 cmH2 O(-1) . 26825682 8 10 theme rings 1255:1259 arg1 stiffness 1224:1232 stiffness 1224:1232 stiffness 1224:1232 Aggregate modulus (stiffness) of porcine tracheal rings was 1.30 ± 0.28 MPa, and inflationary compliance was 0.00472 ± 0.00188 cmH2 O(-1) . 26825682 8 10 theme rings 1255:1259 arg1 modulus 1215:1221 Aggregate modulus 1205:1221 Aggregate modulus (stiffness) of porcine tracheal rings 1205:1259 Aggregate modulus (stiffness) of porcine tracheal rings was 1.30 ± 0.28 MPa, and inflationary compliance was 0.00472 ± 0.00188 cmH2 O(-1) . 26825682 7 11 theme elastic 1142:1148 arg1 modulus 1150:1156 longitudinal composite elastic modulus 1119:1156 longitudinal composite elastic modulus (1.1 ± 0.7 MPa, P < 0.0001) 1119:1184 Hydroxyproline content was 8.2 ± 3.2 μg/mg, and DNA content was 1.3 ± 0.27 μg/mg, a four-fold difference between circumferential elastic modulus (5.6 ± 2.0 megapascal [MPa]) and longitudinal composite elastic modulus (1.1 ± 0.7 MPa, P < 0.0001) was also observed. 26825682 2 12 theme detailed 280:287 arg1 knowledge 289:297 detailed knowledge 280:297 detailed knowledge of the native mechanical and biochemical properties of the trachea 280:364 Tissue-engineering approaches to treat tracheal diseases require detailed knowledge of the native mechanical and biochemical properties of the trachea. 26825682 7 13 theme megapascal 1097:1106 arg1 modulus 1078:1084 circumferential elastic modulus 1054:1084 circumferential elastic modulus (5.6 ± 2.0 megapascal [MPa]) 1054:1113 Hydroxyproline content was 8.2 ± 3.2 μg/mg, and DNA content was 1.3 ± 0.27 μg/mg, a four-fold difference between circumferential elastic modulus (5.6 ± 2.0 megapascal [MPa]) and longitudinal composite elastic modulus (1.1 ± 0.7 MPa, P < 0.0001) was also observed. 26825682 7 13 theme megapascal 1097:1106 arg1 [MPa 1108:1111 5.6 ± 2.0 megapascal [MPa 1087:1111 5.6 ± 2.0 megapascal [MPa 1087:1111 Hydroxyproline content was 8.2 ± 3.2 μg/mg, and DNA content was 1.3 ± 0.27 μg/mg, a four-fold difference between circumferential elastic modulus (5.6 ± 2.0 megapascal [MPa]) and longitudinal composite elastic modulus (1.1 ± 0.7 MPa, P < 0.0001) was also observed. 26825682 8 14 theme ± 1322:1322 arg1 -1 1339:1340 -1 1339:1340 -1 1339:1340 Aggregate modulus (stiffness) of porcine tracheal rings was 1.30 ± 0.28 MPa, and inflationary compliance was 0.00472 ± 0.00188 cmH2 O(-1) . 26825682 8 14 theme ± 1322:1322 arg1 O 1337:1337 0.00188 cmH2 O 1324:1337 0.00472 ± 0.00188 cmH2 O(-1) 1314:1341 Aggregate modulus (stiffness) of porcine tracheal rings was 1.30 ± 0.28 MPa, and inflationary compliance was 0.00472 ± 0.00188 cmH2 O(-1) . 26825682 7 15 theme longitudinal 1119:1130 arg1 modulus 1150:1156 longitudinal composite elastic modulus 1119:1156 longitudinal composite elastic modulus (1.1 ± 0.7 MPa, P < 0.0001) 1119:1184 Hydroxyproline content was 8.2 ± 3.2 μg/mg, and DNA content was 1.3 ± 0.27 μg/mg, a four-fold difference between circumferential elastic modulus (5.6 ± 2.0 megapascal [MPa]) and longitudinal composite elastic modulus (1.1 ± 0.7 MPa, P < 0.0001) was also observed. 26825682 8 16 theme cmH2 1332:1335 arg1 -1 1339:1340 -1 1339:1340 -1 1339:1340 Aggregate modulus (stiffness) of porcine tracheal rings was 1.30 ± 0.28 MPa, and inflationary compliance was 0.00472 ± 0.00188 cmH2 O(-1) . 26825682 8 16 theme cmH2 1332:1335 arg1 O 1337:1337 0.00188 cmH2 O 1324:1337 0.00472 ± 0.00188 cmH2 O(-1) 1314:1341 Aggregate modulus (stiffness) of porcine tracheal rings was 1.30 ± 0.28 MPa, and inflationary compliance was 0.00472 ± 0.00188 cmH2 O(-1) . 26825682 11 17 theme quantitative 1796:1807 arg1 characteristics 1765:1779 These characteristics 1759:1779 These characteristics 1759:1779 These characteristics can be used as quantitative benchmarks for tissue-engineering approaches to treat tracheal disease. 26825682 11 17 theme quantitative 1796:1807 arg1 benchmarks 1809:1818 quantitative benchmarks 1796:1818 quantitative benchmarks for tissue-engineering approaches 1796:1852 These characteristics can be used as quantitative benchmarks for tissue-engineering approaches to treat tracheal disease. 26825682 5 18 theme rings 813:817 arg1 compliance 656:665 their compliance 650:665 their compliance 650:665 The mechanical and biochemical properties of 12 intact porcine tracheas were determined to characterize their compliance, as well as the aggregate modulus, bidirectional elastic modulus, hydraulic permeability, and biochemical characteristics of individual cartilage rings. 26825682 5 18 theme rings 813:817 arg1 modulus 724:730 bidirectional elastic modulus 702:730 bidirectional elastic modulus 702:730 The mechanical and biochemical properties of 12 intact porcine tracheas were determined to characterize their compliance, as well as the aggregate modulus, bidirectional elastic modulus, hydraulic permeability, and biochemical characteristics of individual cartilage rings. 26825682 5 18 theme rings 813:817 arg1 permeability 743:754 hydraulic permeability 733:754 hydraulic permeability 733:754 The mechanical and biochemical properties of 12 intact porcine tracheas were determined to characterize their compliance, as well as the aggregate modulus, bidirectional elastic modulus, hydraulic permeability, and biochemical characteristics of individual cartilage rings. 26825682 5 18 theme rings 813:817 arg1 modulus 693:699 the aggregate modulus 679:699 the aggregate modulus 679:699 The mechanical and biochemical properties of 12 intact porcine tracheas were determined to characterize their compliance, as well as the aggregate modulus, bidirectional elastic modulus, hydraulic permeability, and biochemical characteristics of individual cartilage rings. 26825682 5 18 theme rings 813:817 arg1 characteristics 773:787 biochemical characteristics 761:787 biochemical characteristics 761:787 The mechanical and biochemical properties of 12 intact porcine tracheas were determined to characterize their compliance, as well as the aggregate modulus, bidirectional elastic modulus, hydraulic permeability, and biochemical characteristics of individual cartilage rings. 26825682 2 19 theme native 306:311 arg1 properties 340:349 the native mechanical and biochemical properties 302:349 the native mechanical and biochemical properties of the trachea 302:364 Tissue-engineering approaches to treat tracheal diseases require detailed knowledge of the native mechanical and biochemical properties of the trachea. 26825682 9 20 theme xenogenic 1541:1549 arg1 graft 1560:1564 xenogenic tracheal graft 1541:1564 xenogenic tracheal graft 1541:1564 CONCLUSION This study presents a comprehensive characterization of the relevant biochemical and mechanical properties of porcine tracheal cartilage, which is considered an excellent candidate for xenogenic tracheal graft and a source for tissue-engineered tracheal reconstruction. 26825682 4 21 theme STUDY 519:523 arg1 DESIGN 525:530 STUDY DESIGN 519:530 STUDY DESIGN 519:530 STUDY DESIGN Experimental. 26825682 7 22 theme elastic 1070:1076 arg1 modulus 1078:1084 circumferential elastic modulus 1054:1084 circumferential elastic modulus (5.6 ± 2.0 megapascal [MPa]) 1054:1113 Hydroxyproline content was 8.2 ± 3.2 μg/mg, and DNA content was 1.3 ± 0.27 μg/mg, a four-fold difference between circumferential elastic modulus (5.6 ± 2.0 megapascal [MPa]) and longitudinal composite elastic modulus (1.1 ± 0.7 MPa, P < 0.0001) was also observed. 26825682 7 22 theme elastic 1070:1076 arg1 [MPa 1108:1111 5.6 ± 2.0 megapascal [MPa 1087:1111 5.6 ± 2.0 megapascal [MPa 1087:1111 Hydroxyproline content was 8.2 ± 3.2 μg/mg, and DNA content was 1.3 ± 0.27 μg/mg, a four-fold difference between circumferential elastic modulus (5.6 ± 2.0 megapascal [MPa]) and longitudinal composite elastic modulus (1.1 ± 0.7 MPa, P < 0.0001) was also observed. 26825682 1 23 theme complex 189:195 arg1 tissue 207:212 a mechanically and biochemically complex composite tissue 156:212 a mechanically and biochemically complex composite tissue 156:212 OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS The trachea is essential to respiratory function and is a mechanically and biochemically complex composite tissue. 26825682 3 24 theme preclinical 420:430 arg1 model 432:436 an excellent preclinical model 407:436 an excellent preclinical model 407:436 Although the porcine trachea represents an excellent preclinical model, relevant mechanical and biochemical composition are incompletely characterized. 26825682 9 25 dep CONCLUSION 1345:1354 arg1 presents 1367:1374 presents 1367:1374 presents a comprehensive characterization of the relevant biochemical and mechanical properties of porcine tracheal cartilage, which is considered an excellent candidate for xenogenic tracheal graft and a source for tissue-engineered tracheal reconstruction 1367:1623 CONCLUSION This study presents a comprehensive characterization of the relevant biochemical and mechanical properties of porcine tracheal cartilage, which is considered an excellent candidate for xenogenic tracheal graft and a source for tissue-engineered tracheal reconstruction. 26825682 5 26 theme bidirectional 702:714 arg1 modulus 724:730 bidirectional elastic modulus 702:730 bidirectional elastic modulus 702:730 The mechanical and biochemical properties of 12 intact porcine tracheas were determined to characterize their compliance, as well as the aggregate modulus, bidirectional elastic modulus, hydraulic permeability, and biochemical characteristics of individual cartilage rings. 26825682 1 27 theme OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS 78:98 arg1 trachea 104:110 OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS The trachea 78:110 OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS The trachea 78:110 OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS The trachea is essential to respiratory function and is a mechanically and biochemically complex composite tissue. 26825682 10 28 theme hyaline 1709:1715 arg1 cartilage 1717:1725 hyaline cartilage 1709:1725 hyaline cartilage of the airway in other species 1709:1756 The range of parameters characterized in this study agrees with those reported for hyaline cartilage of the airway in other species. 26825682 9 29 theme tracheal 1601:1608 arg1 reconstruction 1610:1623 tissue-engineered tracheal reconstruction 1583:1623 tissue-engineered tracheal reconstruction 1583:1623 CONCLUSION This study presents a comprehensive characterization of the relevant biochemical and mechanical properties of porcine tracheal cartilage, which is considered an excellent candidate for xenogenic tracheal graft and a source for tissue-engineered tracheal reconstruction. 26825682 3 30 theme mechanical 448:457 arg1 composition 475:485 relevant mechanical and biochemical composition 439:485 relevant mechanical and biochemical composition 439:485 Although the porcine trachea represents an excellent preclinical model, relevant mechanical and biochemical composition are incompletely characterized. 26825682 7 31 theme 0.27 1011:1014 arg1 ± 1009:1009 ± 1009:1009 ± 1009:1009 Hydroxyproline content was 8.2 ± 3.2 μg/mg, and DNA content was 1.3 ± 0.27 μg/mg, a four-fold difference between circumferential elastic modulus (5.6 ± 2.0 megapascal [MPa]) and longitudinal composite elastic modulus (1.1 ± 0.7 MPa, P < 0.0001) was also observed. 26825682 6 32 dep μg/mg 934:938 arg1 deviation 914:922 mean ± standard deviation 898:922 mean ± standard deviation 898:922 RESULTS Data demonstrate the glycosaminoglycan content of tracheal rings was (mean ± standard deviation) 190 ± 49 μg/mg. 26825682 10 33 theme airway 1734:1739 arg1 cartilage 1717:1725 hyaline cartilage 1709:1725 hyaline cartilage of the airway in other species 1709:1756 The range of parameters characterized in this study agrees with those reported for hyaline cartilage of the airway in other species. 26825682 0 34 theme biochemical 18:28 arg1 characterization 30:45 biochemical characterization 18:45 biochemical characterization 18:45 Biomechanical and biochemical characterization of porcine tracheal cartilage. 26825682 11 35 used used 1788:1791 arg2 characteristics 1765:1779 These characteristics 1759:1779 These characteristics 1759:1779 These characteristics can be used as quantitative benchmarks for tissue-engineering approaches to treat tracheal disease. 26825682 11 35 used used 1788:1791 arg2 benchmarks 1809:1818 quantitative benchmarks 1796:1818 quantitative benchmarks for tissue-engineering approaches 1796:1852 These characteristics can be used as quantitative benchmarks for tissue-engineering approaches to treat tracheal disease. 26825682 1 36 theme respiratory 128:138 arg1 function 140:147 respiratory function 128:147 respiratory function 128:147 OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS The trachea is essential to respiratory function and is a mechanically and biochemically complex composite tissue. 26825682 7 37 theme 3.2 974:976 arg1 ± 972:972 ± 972:972 ± 972:972 Hydroxyproline content was 8.2 ± 3.2 μg/mg, and DNA content was 1.3 ± 0.27 μg/mg, a four-fold difference between circumferential elastic modulus (5.6 ± 2.0 megapascal [MPa]) and longitudinal composite elastic modulus (1.1 ± 0.7 MPa, P < 0.0001) was also observed. 26825682 9 38 theme porcine 1466:1472 arg1 cartilage 1483:1491 porcine tracheal cartilage 1466:1491 porcine tracheal cartilage 1466:1491 CONCLUSION This study presents a comprehensive characterization of the relevant biochemical and mechanical properties of porcine tracheal cartilage, which is considered an excellent candidate for xenogenic tracheal graft and a source for tissue-engineered tracheal reconstruction. 26825682 3 39 theme biochemical 463:473 arg1 composition 475:485 relevant mechanical and biochemical composition 439:485 relevant mechanical and biochemical composition 439:485 Although the porcine trachea represents an excellent preclinical model, relevant mechanical and biochemical composition are incompletely characterized. 26825682 0 40 theme tracheal 58:65 arg1 cartilage 67:75 porcine tracheal cartilage 50:75 porcine tracheal cartilage 50:75 Biomechanical and biochemical characterization of porcine tracheal cartilage. 26825682 9 41 theme comprehensive 1378:1390 arg1 characterization 1392:1407 a comprehensive characterization 1376:1407 a comprehensive characterization 1376:1407 CONCLUSION This study presents a comprehensive characterization of the relevant biochemical and mechanical properties of porcine tracheal cartilage, which is considered an excellent candidate for xenogenic tracheal graft and a source for tissue-engineered tracheal reconstruction. 26825682 6 42 theme tracheal 878:885 arg1 rings 887:891 tracheal rings 878:891 tracheal rings 878:891 RESULTS Data demonstrate the glycosaminoglycan content of tracheal rings was (mean ± standard deviation) 190 ± 49 μg/mg. 26825682 10 43 theme other 1744:1748 arg1 species 1750:1756 other species 1744:1756 other species 1744:1756 The range of parameters characterized in this study agrees with those reported for hyaline cartilage of the airway in other species. 26825682 2 44 dep approaches 234:243 arg1 treat 248:252 treat 248:252 to treat tracheal diseases 245:270 Tissue-engineering approaches to treat tracheal diseases require detailed knowledge of the native mechanical and biochemical properties of the trachea. 26825682 5 45 theme mechanical 550:559 arg1 properties 577:586 The mechanical and biochemical properties 546:586 The mechanical and biochemical properties of 12 intact porcine tracheas 546:616 The mechanical and biochemical properties of 12 intact porcine tracheas were determined to characterize their compliance, as well as the aggregate modulus, bidirectional elastic modulus, hydraulic permeability, and biochemical characteristics of individual cartilage rings. 26825682 9 46 theme relevant 1416:1423 arg1 properties 1452:1461 the relevant biochemical and mechanical properties 1412:1461 the relevant biochemical and mechanical properties of porcine tracheal cartilage 1412:1491 CONCLUSION This study presents a comprehensive characterization of the relevant biochemical and mechanical properties of porcine tracheal cartilage, which is considered an excellent candidate for xenogenic tracheal graft and a source for tissue-engineered tracheal reconstruction. 26825682 7 47 dep modulus 1150:1156 arg1 P 1174:1174 P < 0.0001 1174:1183 P < 0.0001 1174:1183 Hydroxyproline content was 8.2 ± 3.2 μg/mg, and DNA content was 1.3 ± 0.27 μg/mg, a four-fold difference between circumferential elastic modulus (5.6 ± 2.0 megapascal [MPa]) and longitudinal composite elastic modulus (1.1 ± 0.7 MPa, P < 0.0001) was also observed. 26825682 7 47 dep modulus 1150:1156 arg1 MPa 1169:1171 1.1 ± 0.7 MPa 1159:1171 1.1 ± 0.7 MPa 1159:1171 Hydroxyproline content was 8.2 ± 3.2 μg/mg, and DNA content was 1.3 ± 0.27 μg/mg, a four-fold difference between circumferential elastic modulus (5.6 ± 2.0 megapascal [MPa]) and longitudinal composite elastic modulus (1.1 ± 0.7 MPa, P < 0.0001) was also observed. 26825682 7 48 theme < 1176:1176 arg1 P 1174:1174 P < 0.0001 1174:1183 P < 0.0001 1174:1183 Hydroxyproline content was 8.2 ± 3.2 μg/mg, and DNA content was 1.3 ± 0.27 μg/mg, a four-fold difference between circumferential elastic modulus (5.6 ± 2.0 megapascal [MPa]) and longitudinal composite elastic modulus (1.1 ± 0.7 MPa, P < 0.0001) was also observed. 26825682 7 48 theme < 1176:1176 arg1 MPa 1169:1171 1.1 ± 0.7 MPa 1159:1171 1.1 ± 0.7 MPa 1159:1171 Hydroxyproline content was 8.2 ± 3.2 μg/mg, and DNA content was 1.3 ± 0.27 μg/mg, a four-fold difference between circumferential elastic modulus (5.6 ± 2.0 megapascal [MPa]) and longitudinal composite elastic modulus (1.1 ± 0.7 MPa, P < 0.0001) was also observed. 26825682 7 49 theme DNA 989:991 arg1 content 993:999 DNA content 989:999 DNA content 989:999 Hydroxyproline content was 8.2 ± 3.2 μg/mg, and DNA content was 1.3 ± 0.27 μg/mg, a four-fold difference between circumferential elastic modulus (5.6 ± 2.0 megapascal [MPa]) and longitudinal composite elastic modulus (1.1 ± 0.7 MPa, P < 0.0001) was also observed. 26825682 5 50 theme hydraulic 733:741 arg1 permeability 743:754 hydraulic permeability 733:754 hydraulic permeability 733:754 The mechanical and biochemical properties of 12 intact porcine tracheas were determined to characterize their compliance, as well as the aggregate modulus, bidirectional elastic modulus, hydraulic permeability, and biochemical characteristics of individual cartilage rings. 26825682 5 51 theme biochemical 761:771 arg1 characteristics 773:787 biochemical characteristics 761:787 biochemical characteristics 761:787 The mechanical and biochemical properties of 12 intact porcine tracheas were determined to characterize their compliance, as well as the aggregate modulus, bidirectional elastic modulus, hydraulic permeability, and biochemical characteristics of individual cartilage rings. 26825682 6 52 theme ± 929:929 arg1 content 867:873 the glycosaminoglycan content 845:873 the glycosaminoglycan content of tracheal rings 845:891 RESULTS Data demonstrate the glycosaminoglycan content of tracheal rings was (mean ± standard deviation) 190 ± 49 μg/mg. 26825682 6 52 theme ± 929:929 arg1 μg/mg 934:938 190 ± 49 μg/mg 925:938 190 ± 49 μg/mg 925:938 RESULTS Data demonstrate the glycosaminoglycan content of tracheal rings was (mean ± standard deviation) 190 ± 49 μg/mg. 26825682 9 53 theme properties 1452:1461 arg1 characterization 1392:1407 a comprehensive characterization 1376:1407 a comprehensive characterization 1376:1407 CONCLUSION This study presents a comprehensive characterization of the relevant biochemical and mechanical properties of porcine tracheal cartilage, which is considered an excellent candidate for xenogenic tracheal graft and a source for tissue-engineered tracheal reconstruction. 26825682 5 54 theme tracheas 609:616 arg1 properties 577:586 The mechanical and biochemical properties 546:586 The mechanical and biochemical properties of 12 intact porcine tracheas 546:616 The mechanical and biochemical properties of 12 intact porcine tracheas were determined to characterize their compliance, as well as the aggregate modulus, bidirectional elastic modulus, hydraulic permeability, and biochemical characteristics of individual cartilage rings. 26825682 7 55 theme 0.7 1165:1167 arg1 ± 1163:1163 ± 1163:1163 ± 1163:1163 Hydroxyproline content was 8.2 ± 3.2 μg/mg, and DNA content was 1.3 ± 0.27 μg/mg, a four-fold difference between circumferential elastic modulus (5.6 ± 2.0 megapascal [MPa]) and longitudinal composite elastic modulus (1.1 ± 0.7 MPa, P < 0.0001) was also observed. 26825682 2 56 theme biochemical 328:338 arg1 properties 340:349 the native mechanical and biochemical properties 302:349 the native mechanical and biochemical properties of the trachea 302:364 Tissue-engineering approaches to treat tracheal diseases require detailed knowledge of the native mechanical and biochemical properties of the trachea. 26825682 5 57 theme intact 594:599 arg1 tracheas 609:616 12 intact porcine tracheas 591:616 12 intact porcine tracheas 591:616 The mechanical and biochemical properties of 12 intact porcine tracheas were determined to characterize their compliance, as well as the aggregate modulus, bidirectional elastic modulus, hydraulic permeability, and biochemical characteristics of individual cartilage rings. 26825682 1 58 theme composite 197:205 arg1 tissue 207:212 a mechanically and biochemically complex composite tissue 156:212 a mechanically and biochemically complex composite tissue 156:212 OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS The trachea is essential to respiratory function and is a mechanically and biochemically complex composite tissue. 26825682 7 59 theme 1.1 1159:1161 arg1 ± 1163:1163 ± 1163:1163 ± 1163:1163 Hydroxyproline content was 8.2 ± 3.2 μg/mg, and DNA content was 1.3 ± 0.27 μg/mg, a four-fold difference between circumferential elastic modulus (5.6 ± 2.0 megapascal [MPa]) and longitudinal composite elastic modulus (1.1 ± 0.7 MPa, P < 0.0001) was also observed. 26825682 6 60 theme standard 905:912 arg1 deviation 914:922 mean ± standard deviation 898:922 mean ± standard deviation 898:922 RESULTS Data demonstrate the glycosaminoglycan content of tracheal rings was (mean ± standard deviation) 190 ± 49 μg/mg. 26825682 7 61 theme 8.2 968:970 arg1 ± 972:972 ± 972:972 ± 972:972 Hydroxyproline content was 8.2 ± 3.2 μg/mg, and DNA content was 1.3 ± 0.27 μg/mg, a four-fold difference between circumferential elastic modulus (5.6 ± 2.0 megapascal [MPa]) and longitudinal composite elastic modulus (1.1 ± 0.7 MPa, P < 0.0001) was also observed. 26825682 9 62 theme cartilage 1483:1491 arg1 properties 1452:1461 the relevant biochemical and mechanical properties 1412:1461 the relevant biochemical and mechanical properties of porcine tracheal cartilage 1412:1491 CONCLUSION This study presents a comprehensive characterization of the relevant biochemical and mechanical properties of porcine tracheal cartilage, which is considered an excellent candidate for xenogenic tracheal graft and a source for tissue-engineered tracheal reconstruction. 26825682 10 63 theme parameters 1639:1648 arg1 range 1630:1634 The range 1626:1634 The range of parameters characterized in this study 1626:1676 The range of parameters characterized in this study agrees with those reported for hyaline cartilage of the airway in other species. 26825682 7 64 theme four-fold 1025:1033 arg1 difference 1035:1044 a four-fold difference 1023:1044 a four-fold difference between circumferential elastic modulus (5.6 ± 2.0 megapascal [MPa]) and longitudinal composite elastic modulus (1.1 ± 0.7 MPa, P < 0.0001) 1023:1184 Hydroxyproline content was 8.2 ± 3.2 μg/mg, and DNA content was 1.3 ± 0.27 μg/mg, a four-fold difference between circumferential elastic modulus (5.6 ± 2.0 megapascal [MPa]) and longitudinal composite elastic modulus (1.1 ± 0.7 MPa, P < 0.0001) was also observed. 26825682 6 65 theme mean 898:901 arg1 deviation 914:922 mean ± standard deviation 898:922 mean ± standard deviation 898:922 RESULTS Data demonstrate the glycosaminoglycan content of tracheal rings was (mean ± standard deviation) 190 ± 49 μg/mg. 26825682 2 66 theme trachea 358:364 arg1 properties 340:349 the native mechanical and biochemical properties 302:349 the native mechanical and biochemical properties of the trachea 302:364 Tissue-engineering approaches to treat tracheal diseases require detailed knowledge of the native mechanical and biochemical properties of the trachea. 26825682 5 67 theme biochemical 565:575 arg1 properties 577:586 The mechanical and biochemical properties 546:586 The mechanical and biochemical properties of 12 intact porcine tracheas 546:616 The mechanical and biochemical properties of 12 intact porcine tracheas were determined to characterize their compliance, as well as the aggregate modulus, bidirectional elastic modulus, hydraulic permeability, and biochemical characteristics of individual cartilage rings. 26825682 11 68 theme tracheal 1863:1870 arg1 disease 1872:1878 tracheal disease 1863:1878 tracheal disease 1863:1878 These characteristics can be used as quantitative benchmarks for tissue-engineering approaches to treat tracheal disease. 26825682 7 69 theme composite 1132:1140 arg1 modulus 1150:1156 longitudinal composite elastic modulus 1119:1156 longitudinal composite elastic modulus (1.1 ± 0.7 MPa, P < 0.0001) 1119:1184 Hydroxyproline content was 8.2 ± 3.2 μg/mg, and DNA content was 1.3 ± 0.27 μg/mg, a four-fold difference between circumferential elastic modulus (5.6 ± 2.0 megapascal [MPa]) and longitudinal composite elastic modulus (1.1 ± 0.7 MPa, P < 0.0001) was also observed. 26825682 8 70 theme tracheal 1246:1253 arg1 rings 1255:1259 porcine tracheal rings 1238:1259 porcine tracheal rings 1238:1259 Aggregate modulus (stiffness) of porcine tracheal rings was 1.30 ± 0.28 MPa, and inflationary compliance was 0.00472 ± 0.00188 cmH2 O(-1) . 26825682 9 71 theme excellent 1517:1525 arg1 candidate 1527:1535 an excellent candidate 1514:1535 an excellent candidate for xenogenic tracheal graft 1514:1564 CONCLUSION This study presents a comprehensive characterization of the relevant biochemical and mechanical properties of porcine tracheal cartilage, which is considered an excellent candidate for xenogenic tracheal graft and a source for tissue-engineered tracheal reconstruction. 26825682 8 72 theme 0.00472 1314:1320 arg1 ± 1322:1322 ± 1322:1322 ± 1322:1322 Aggregate modulus (stiffness) of porcine tracheal rings was 1.30 ± 0.28 MPa, and inflationary compliance was 0.00472 ± 0.00188 cmH2 O(-1) . 26825682 5 73 theme cartilage 803:811 arg1 rings 813:817 individual cartilage rings 792:817 individual cartilage rings 792:817 The mechanical and biochemical properties of 12 intact porcine tracheas were determined to characterize their compliance, as well as the aggregate modulus, bidirectional elastic modulus, hydraulic permeability, and biochemical characteristics of individual cartilage rings. 26825682 2 74 theme mechanical 313:322 arg1 properties 340:349 the native mechanical and biochemical properties 302:349 the native mechanical and biochemical properties of the trachea 302:364 Tissue-engineering approaches to treat tracheal diseases require detailed knowledge of the native mechanical and biochemical properties of the trachea. 26825682 7 75 theme 2.0 1093:1095 arg1 ± 1091:1091 ± 1091:1091 ± 1091:1091 Hydroxyproline content was 8.2 ± 3.2 μg/mg, and DNA content was 1.3 ± 0.27 μg/mg, a four-fold difference between circumferential elastic modulus (5.6 ± 2.0 megapascal [MPa]) and longitudinal composite elastic modulus (1.1 ± 0.7 MPa, P < 0.0001) was also observed. 26825682 8 76 theme 0.00188 1324:1330 arg1 cmH2 1332:1335 cmH2 1332:1335 cmH2 1332:1335 Aggregate modulus (stiffness) of porcine tracheal rings was 1.30 ± 0.28 MPa, and inflationary compliance was 0.00472 ± 0.00188 cmH2 O(-1) . 26825682 7 77 theme 5.6 1087:1089 arg1 ± 1091:1091 ± 1091:1091 ± 1091:1091 Hydroxyproline content was 8.2 ± 3.2 μg/mg, and DNA content was 1.3 ± 0.27 μg/mg, a four-fold difference between circumferential elastic modulus (5.6 ± 2.0 megapascal [MPa]) and longitudinal composite elastic modulus (1.1 ± 0.7 MPa, P < 0.0001) was also observed. 26825682 9 78 theme tracheal 1551:1558 arg1 graft 1560:1564 xenogenic tracheal graft 1541:1564 xenogenic tracheal graft 1541:1564 CONCLUSION This study presents a comprehensive characterization of the relevant biochemical and mechanical properties of porcine tracheal cartilage, which is considered an excellent candidate for xenogenic tracheal graft and a source for tissue-engineered tracheal reconstruction. 26825682 3 79 theme porcine 380:386 arg1 trachea 388:394 the porcine trachea 376:394 the porcine trachea 376:394 Although the porcine trachea represents an excellent preclinical model, relevant mechanical and biochemical composition are incompletely characterized. 26825682 7 80 theme circumferential 1054:1068 arg1 modulus 1078:1084 circumferential elastic modulus 1054:1084 circumferential elastic modulus (5.6 ± 2.0 megapascal [MPa]) 1054:1113 Hydroxyproline content was 8.2 ± 3.2 μg/mg, and DNA content was 1.3 ± 0.27 μg/mg, a four-fold difference between circumferential elastic modulus (5.6 ± 2.0 megapascal [MPa]) and longitudinal composite elastic modulus (1.1 ± 0.7 MPa, P < 0.0001) was also observed. 26825682 7 80 theme circumferential 1054:1068 arg1 [MPa 1108:1111 5.6 ± 2.0 megapascal [MPa 1087:1111 5.6 ± 2.0 megapascal [MPa 1087:1111 Hydroxyproline content was 8.2 ± 3.2 μg/mg, and DNA content was 1.3 ± 0.27 μg/mg, a four-fold difference between circumferential elastic modulus (5.6 ± 2.0 megapascal [MPa]) and longitudinal composite elastic modulus (1.1 ± 0.7 MPa, P < 0.0001) was also observed. 26825682 11 81 theme tissue-engineering 1824:1841 arg1 approaches 1843:1852 tissue-engineering approaches 1824:1852 tissue-engineering approaches 1824:1852 These characteristics can be used as quantitative benchmarks for tissue-engineering approaches to treat tracheal disease. 26825682 5 82 theme elastic 716:722 arg1 modulus 724:730 bidirectional elastic modulus 702:730 bidirectional elastic modulus 702:730 The mechanical and biochemical properties of 12 intact porcine tracheas were determined to characterize their compliance, as well as the aggregate modulus, bidirectional elastic modulus, hydraulic permeability, and biochemical characteristics of individual cartilage rings. 26825682 1 83 theme The 100:102 arg1 trachea 104:110 OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS The trachea 78:110 OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS The trachea 78:110 OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS The trachea is essential to respiratory function and is a mechanically and biochemically complex composite tissue. 26825682 3 84 theme excellent 410:418 arg1 model 432:436 an excellent preclinical model 407:436 an excellent preclinical model 407:436 Although the porcine trachea represents an excellent preclinical model, relevant mechanical and biochemical composition are incompletely characterized. 26825682 6 85 theme RESULTS 820:826 arg1 Data 828:831 RESULTS Data 820:831 RESULTS Data 820:831 RESULTS Data demonstrate the glycosaminoglycan content of tracheal rings was (mean ± standard deviation) 190 ± 49 μg/mg. 26825682 5 86 theme aggregate 683:691 arg1 modulus 693:699 the aggregate modulus 679:699 the aggregate modulus 679:699 The mechanical and biochemical properties of 12 intact porcine tracheas were determined to characterize their compliance, as well as the aggregate modulus, bidirectional elastic modulus, hydraulic permeability, and biochemical characteristics of individual cartilage rings. 26825682 3 87 theme relevant 439:446 arg1 composition 475:485 relevant mechanical and biochemical composition 439:485 relevant mechanical and biochemical composition 439:485 Although the porcine trachea represents an excellent preclinical model, relevant mechanical and biochemical composition are incompletely characterized. 26825682 9 88 theme tissue-engineered 1583:1599 arg1 reconstruction 1610:1623 tissue-engineered tracheal reconstruction 1583:1623 tissue-engineered tracheal reconstruction 1583:1623 CONCLUSION This study presents a comprehensive characterization of the relevant biochemical and mechanical properties of porcine tracheal cartilage, which is considered an excellent candidate for xenogenic tracheal graft and a source for tissue-engineered tracheal reconstruction. 26825682 2 89 theme Tissue-engineering 215:232 arg1 approaches 234:243 Tissue-engineering approaches 215:243 Tissue-engineering approaches to treat tracheal diseases 215:270 Tissue-engineering approaches to treat tracheal diseases require detailed knowledge of the native mechanical and biochemical properties of the trachea. 26825682 0 90 theme porcine 50:56 arg1 cartilage 67:75 porcine tracheal cartilage 50:75 porcine tracheal cartilage 50:75 Biomechanical and biochemical characterization of porcine tracheal cartilage. 26825682 0 91 theme cartilage 67:75 arg1 Biomechanical 0:12 Biomechanical 0:12 Biomechanical 0:12 Biomechanical and biochemical characterization of porcine tracheal cartilage. 26825682 0 91 theme cartilage 67:75 arg1 characterization 30:45 biochemical characterization 18:45 biochemical characterization 18:45 Biomechanical and biochemical characterization of porcine tracheal cartilage. 26825682 13 92 dep 2016 1932:1935 arg1 Laryngoscope 1903:1914 Laryngoscope 1903:1914 Laryngoscope 1903:1914 Laryngoscope, 126:E325-E331, 2016. 26825682 2 93 theme tracheal 254:261 arg1 diseases 263:270 tracheal diseases 254:270 tracheal diseases 254:270 Tissue-engineering approaches to treat tracheal diseases require detailed knowledge of the native mechanical and biochemical properties of the trachea. 26825682 6 94 theme rings 887:891 arg1 content 867:873 the glycosaminoglycan content 845:873 the glycosaminoglycan content of tracheal rings 845:891 RESULTS Data demonstrate the glycosaminoglycan content of tracheal rings was (mean ± standard deviation) 190 ± 49 μg/mg. 26825682 6 94 theme rings 887:891 arg1 μg/mg 934:938 190 ± 49 μg/mg 925:938 190 ± 49 μg/mg 925:938 RESULTS Data demonstrate the glycosaminoglycan content of tracheal rings was (mean ± standard deviation) 190 ± 49 μg/mg. 26825682 7 95 theme 1.3 1005:1007 arg1 ± 1009:1009 ± 1009:1009 ± 1009:1009 Hydroxyproline content was 8.2 ± 3.2 μg/mg, and DNA content was 1.3 ± 0.27 μg/mg, a four-fold difference between circumferential elastic modulus (5.6 ± 2.0 megapascal [MPa]) and longitudinal composite elastic modulus (1.1 ± 0.7 MPa, P < 0.0001) was also observed. 26825682 12 96 theme EVIDENCE 1890:1897 arg1 LEVEL 1881:1885 LEVEL 1881:1885 LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA. 1881:1901 LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA. 26825682 10 97 from cartilage 1717:1725 arg1 species 1750:1756 other species 1744:1756 other species 1744:1756 The range of parameters characterized in this study agrees with those reported for hyaline cartilage of the airway in other species. 26825682 6 98 theme glycosaminoglycan 849:865 arg1 content 867:873 the glycosaminoglycan content 845:873 the glycosaminoglycan content of tracheal rings 845:891 RESULTS Data demonstrate the glycosaminoglycan content of tracheal rings was (mean ± standard deviation) 190 ± 49 μg/mg. 26825682 6 98 theme glycosaminoglycan 849:865 arg1 μg/mg 934:938 190 ± 49 μg/mg 925:938 190 ± 49 μg/mg 925:938 RESULTS Data demonstrate the glycosaminoglycan content of tracheal rings was (mean ± standard deviation) 190 ± 49 μg/mg. 26825682 9 99 theme biochemical 1425:1435 arg1 properties 1452:1461 the relevant biochemical and mechanical properties 1412:1461 the relevant biochemical and mechanical properties of porcine tracheal cartilage 1412:1491 CONCLUSION This study presents a comprehensive characterization of the relevant biochemical and mechanical properties of porcine tracheal cartilage, which is considered an excellent candidate for xenogenic tracheal graft and a source for tissue-engineered tracheal reconstruction. 28827814 5 0 theme collagen 793:800 arg1 thickness 809:817 collagen fibril thickness 793:817 collagen fibril thickness 793:817 We show that fibromodulin deficiency decreased collagen fibril thickness but glycosaminoglycan content and composition were unchanged. 28827814 7 1 theme main 1167:1170 arg1 agent 1172:1176 a main agent 1165:1176 a main agent in tumor barrier function 1165:1202 Fibromodulin can therefore be a unique effector of dense collagen matrix assembly in tumor stroma and, without affecting other major matrix components or the cellular composition, can function as a main agent in tumor barrier function. 28827814 7 2 theme assembly 1042:1049 arg1 Fibromodulin 969:980 Fibromodulin 969:980 Fibromodulin 969:980 Fibromodulin can therefore be a unique effector of dense collagen matrix assembly in tumor stroma and, without affecting other major matrix components or the cellular composition, can function as a main agent in tumor barrier function. 28827814 7 2 theme assembly 1042:1049 arg1 effector 1008:1015 a unique effector 999:1015 a unique effector of dense collagen matrix assembly in tumor stroma 999:1065 Fibromodulin can therefore be a unique effector of dense collagen matrix assembly in tumor stroma and, without affecting other major matrix components or the cellular composition, can function as a main agent in tumor barrier function. 28827814 4 3 theme murine 716:721 arg1 model 739:743 a syngeneic murine colon carcinoma model 704:743 a syngeneic murine colon carcinoma model 704:743 Here, we investigated the effects of fibromodulin on stroma ECM in a syngeneic murine colon carcinoma model. 28827814 5 4 theme fibril 802:807 arg1 thickness 809:817 collagen fibril thickness 793:817 collagen fibril thickness 793:817 We show that fibromodulin deficiency decreased collagen fibril thickness but glycosaminoglycan content and composition were unchanged. 28827814 7 5 theme dense 1020:1024 arg1 assembly 1042:1049 dense collagen matrix assembly 1020:1049 dense collagen matrix assembly 1020:1049 Fibromodulin can therefore be a unique effector of dense collagen matrix assembly in tumor stroma and, without affecting other major matrix components or the cellular composition, can function as a main agent in tumor barrier function. 28827814 2 6 theme fluid 366:370 arg1 pressure 372:379 high interstitial fluid pressure 348:379 high interstitial fluid pressure 348:379 Variables related to tumor barrier include aberrant blood vessels, high interstitial fluid pressure, and the composition and structure of the extracellular matrix. 28827814 1 7 theme drug 266:269 arg1 delivery 271:278 drug delivery 266:278 drug delivery 266:278 Tumor barrier function in carcinoma represents a major challenge to treatment and is therefore an attractive target for increasing drug delivery. 28827814 7 8 theme collagen 1026:1033 arg1 assembly 1042:1049 dense collagen matrix assembly 1020:1049 dense collagen matrix assembly 1020:1049 Fibromodulin can therefore be a unique effector of dense collagen matrix assembly in tumor stroma and, without affecting other major matrix components or the cellular composition, can function as a main agent in tumor barrier function. 28827814 2 9 theme tumor 302:306 arg1 barrier 308:314 tumor barrier 302:314 tumor barrier 302:314 Variables related to tumor barrier include aberrant blood vessels, high interstitial fluid pressure, and the composition and structure of the extracellular matrix. 28827814 0 10 theme syngeneic 99:107 arg1 model 109:113 a syngeneic model 97:113 a syngeneic model of colon carcinoma 97:132 Fibromodulin deficiency reduces collagen structural network but not glycosaminoglycan content in a syngeneic model of colon carcinoma. 28827814 1 11 from function 149:156 arg1 carcinoma 161:169 carcinoma 161:169 carcinoma 161:169 Tumor barrier function in carcinoma represents a major challenge to treatment and is therefore an attractive target for increasing drug delivery. 28827814 3 12 theme tumor 577:581 arg1 stroma 583:588 tumor stroma 577:588 tumor stroma 577:588 One of the proteins associated with dense extracellular matrices is fibromodulin, a collagen fibrillogenesis modulator expressed in tumor stroma but scarce in normal loose connective tissues. 28827814 0 13 theme colon 118:122 arg1 carcinoma 124:132 colon carcinoma 118:132 colon carcinoma 118:132 Fibromodulin deficiency reduces collagen structural network but not glycosaminoglycan content in a syngeneic model of colon carcinoma. 28827814 4 14 theme carcinoma 729:737 arg1 model 739:743 a syngeneic murine colon carcinoma model 704:743 a syngeneic murine colon carcinoma model 704:743 Here, we investigated the effects of fibromodulin on stroma ECM in a syngeneic murine colon carcinoma model. 28827814 3 15 theme dense 481:485 arg1 matrices 501:508 dense extracellular matrices 481:508 dense extracellular matrices 481:508 One of the proteins associated with dense extracellular matrices is fibromodulin, a collagen fibrillogenesis modulator expressed in tumor stroma but scarce in normal loose connective tissues. 28827814 2 16 theme related 291:297 arg1 Variables 281:289 Variables 281:289 Variables related to tumor barrier 281:314 Variables related to tumor barrier include aberrant blood vessels, high interstitial fluid pressure, and the composition and structure of the extracellular matrix. 28827814 7 17 from effector 1008:1015 arg1 stroma 1060:1065 tumor stroma 1054:1065 tumor stroma 1054:1065 Fibromodulin can therefore be a unique effector of dense collagen matrix assembly in tumor stroma and, without affecting other major matrix components or the cellular composition, can function as a main agent in tumor barrier function. 28827814 5 18 theme fibromodulin 759:770 arg1 deficiency 772:781 fibromodulin deficiency 759:781 fibromodulin deficiency 759:781 We show that fibromodulin deficiency decreased collagen fibril thickness but glycosaminoglycan content and composition were unchanged. 28827814 6 19 theme macrophage 934:943 arg1 amount 945:950 macrophage amount 934:950 macrophage amount 934:950 Furthermore, vascular density, pericyte coverage and macrophage amount were unaffected. 28827814 7 20 theme cellular 1127:1134 arg1 composition 1136:1146 the cellular composition 1123:1146 the cellular composition 1123:1146 Fibromodulin can therefore be a unique effector of dense collagen matrix assembly in tumor stroma and, without affecting other major matrix components or the cellular composition, can function as a main agent in tumor barrier function. 28827814 1 21 theme major 184:188 arg1 challenge 190:198 a major challenge 182:198 a major challenge to treatment 182:211 Tumor barrier function in carcinoma represents a major challenge to treatment and is therefore an attractive target for increasing drug delivery. 28827814 7 22 theme unique 1001:1006 arg1 Fibromodulin 969:980 Fibromodulin 969:980 Fibromodulin 969:980 Fibromodulin can therefore be a unique effector of dense collagen matrix assembly in tumor stroma and, without affecting other major matrix components or the cellular composition, can function as a main agent in tumor barrier function. 28827814 7 22 theme unique 1001:1006 arg1 effector 1008:1015 a unique effector 999:1015 a unique effector of dense collagen matrix assembly in tumor stroma 999:1065 Fibromodulin can therefore be a unique effector of dense collagen matrix assembly in tumor stroma and, without affecting other major matrix components or the cellular composition, can function as a main agent in tumor barrier function. 28827814 2 23 theme blood 333:337 arg1 vessels 339:345 aberrant blood vessels 324:345 aberrant blood vessels 324:345 Variables related to tumor barrier include aberrant blood vessels, high interstitial fluid pressure, and the composition and structure of the extracellular matrix. 28827814 7 24 theme matrix 1102:1107 arg1 components 1109:1118 other major matrix components 1090:1118 other major matrix components 1090:1118 Fibromodulin can therefore be a unique effector of dense collagen matrix assembly in tumor stroma and, without affecting other major matrix components or the cellular composition, can function as a main agent in tumor barrier function. 28827814 0 25 theme Fibromodulin 0:11 arg1 deficiency 13:22 Fibromodulin deficiency 0:22 Fibromodulin deficiency 0:22 Fibromodulin deficiency reduces collagen structural network but not glycosaminoglycan content in a syngeneic model of colon carcinoma. 28827814 2 26 theme aberrant 324:331 arg1 vessels 339:345 aberrant blood vessels 324:345 aberrant blood vessels 324:345 Variables related to tumor barrier include aberrant blood vessels, high interstitial fluid pressure, and the composition and structure of the extracellular matrix. 28827814 4 27 theme stroma 690:695 arg1 ECM 697:699 stroma ECM 690:699 stroma ECM 690:699 Here, we investigated the effects of fibromodulin on stroma ECM in a syngeneic murine colon carcinoma model. 28827814 0 28 theme collagen 32:39 arg1 network 52:58 collagen structural network 32:58 collagen structural network but not glycosaminoglycan content 32:92 Fibromodulin deficiency reduces collagen structural network but not glycosaminoglycan content in a syngeneic model of colon carcinoma. 28827814 4 29 from effects 663:669 arg1 ECM 697:699 stroma ECM 690:699 stroma ECM 690:699 Here, we investigated the effects of fibromodulin on stroma ECM in a syngeneic murine colon carcinoma model. 28827814 2 30 theme matrix 437:442 arg1 pressure 372:379 high interstitial fluid pressure 348:379 high interstitial fluid pressure 348:379 Variables related to tumor barrier include aberrant blood vessels, high interstitial fluid pressure, and the composition and structure of the extracellular matrix. 28827814 2 30 theme matrix 437:442 arg1 vessels 339:345 aberrant blood vessels 324:345 aberrant blood vessels 324:345 Variables related to tumor barrier include aberrant blood vessels, high interstitial fluid pressure, and the composition and structure of the extracellular matrix. 28827814 2 30 theme matrix 437:442 arg1 structure 406:414 structure 406:414 structure 406:414 Variables related to tumor barrier include aberrant blood vessels, high interstitial fluid pressure, and the composition and structure of the extracellular matrix. 28827814 2 30 theme matrix 437:442 arg1 composition 390:400 composition 390:400 composition 390:400 Variables related to tumor barrier include aberrant blood vessels, high interstitial fluid pressure, and the composition and structure of the extracellular matrix. 28827814 0 31 theme carcinoma 124:132 arg1 model 109:113 a syngeneic model 97:113 a syngeneic model of colon carcinoma 97:132 Fibromodulin deficiency reduces collagen structural network but not glycosaminoglycan content in a syngeneic model of colon carcinoma. 28827814 4 32 theme syngeneic 706:714 arg1 model 739:743 a syngeneic murine colon carcinoma model 704:743 a syngeneic murine colon carcinoma model 704:743 Here, we investigated the effects of fibromodulin on stroma ECM in a syngeneic murine colon carcinoma model. 28827814 2 33 theme extracellular 423:435 arg1 matrix 437:442 the extracellular matrix 419:442 the extracellular matrix 419:442 Variables related to tumor barrier include aberrant blood vessels, high interstitial fluid pressure, and the composition and structure of the extracellular matrix. 28827814 7 34 theme barrier 1187:1193 arg1 function 1195:1202 tumor barrier function 1181:1202 tumor barrier function 1181:1202 Fibromodulin can therefore be a unique effector of dense collagen matrix assembly in tumor stroma and, without affecting other major matrix components or the cellular composition, can function as a main agent in tumor barrier function. 28827814 4 35 theme colon 723:727 arg1 model 739:743 a syngeneic murine colon carcinoma model 704:743 a syngeneic murine colon carcinoma model 704:743 Here, we investigated the effects of fibromodulin on stroma ECM in a syngeneic murine colon carcinoma model. 28827814 6 36 theme pericyte 912:919 arg1 coverage 921:928 pericyte coverage 912:928 pericyte coverage 912:928 Furthermore, vascular density, pericyte coverage and macrophage amount were unaffected. 28827814 3 37 theme connective 617:626 arg1 tissues 628:634 normal loose connective tissues 604:634 normal loose connective tissues 604:634 One of the proteins associated with dense extracellular matrices is fibromodulin, a collagen fibrillogenesis modulator expressed in tumor stroma but scarce in normal loose connective tissues. 28827814 3 38 theme proteins 456:463 arg1 One 445:447 One 445:447 One 445:447 One of the proteins associated with dense extracellular matrices is fibromodulin, a collagen fibrillogenesis modulator expressed in tumor stroma but scarce in normal loose connective tissues. 28827814 3 38 theme proteins 456:463 arg1 proteins 456:463 the proteins 452:463 the proteins associated with dense extracellular matrices 452:508 One of the proteins associated with dense extracellular matrices is fibromodulin, a collagen fibrillogenesis modulator expressed in tumor stroma but scarce in normal loose connective tissues. 28827814 0 39 theme structural 41:50 arg1 network 52:58 collagen structural network 32:58 collagen structural network but not glycosaminoglycan content 32:92 Fibromodulin deficiency reduces collagen structural network but not glycosaminoglycan content in a syngeneic model of colon carcinoma. 28827814 5 40 theme glycosaminoglycan 823:839 arg1 content 841:847 glycosaminoglycan content 823:847 glycosaminoglycan content 823:847 We show that fibromodulin deficiency decreased collagen fibril thickness but glycosaminoglycan content and composition were unchanged. 28827814 7 41 theme major 1096:1100 arg1 components 1109:1118 other major matrix components 1090:1118 other major matrix components 1090:1118 Fibromodulin can therefore be a unique effector of dense collagen matrix assembly in tumor stroma and, without affecting other major matrix components or the cellular composition, can function as a main agent in tumor barrier function. 28827814 3 42 theme normal 604:609 arg1 tissues 628:634 normal loose connective tissues 604:634 normal loose connective tissues 604:634 One of the proteins associated with dense extracellular matrices is fibromodulin, a collagen fibrillogenesis modulator expressed in tumor stroma but scarce in normal loose connective tissues. 28827814 2 43 theme interstitial 353:364 arg1 pressure 372:379 high interstitial fluid pressure 348:379 high interstitial fluid pressure 348:379 Variables related to tumor barrier include aberrant blood vessels, high interstitial fluid pressure, and the composition and structure of the extracellular matrix. 28827814 7 44 theme tumor 1181:1185 arg1 function 1195:1202 tumor barrier function 1181:1202 tumor barrier function 1181:1202 Fibromodulin can therefore be a unique effector of dense collagen matrix assembly in tumor stroma and, without affecting other major matrix components or the cellular composition, can function as a main agent in tumor barrier function. 28827814 3 45 theme extracellular 487:499 arg1 matrices 501:508 dense extracellular matrices 481:508 dense extracellular matrices 481:508 One of the proteins associated with dense extracellular matrices is fibromodulin, a collagen fibrillogenesis modulator expressed in tumor stroma but scarce in normal loose connective tissues. 28827814 6 46 theme vascular 894:901 arg1 density 903:909 vascular density 894:909 vascular density 894:909 Furthermore, vascular density, pericyte coverage and macrophage amount were unaffected. 28827814 3 47 theme loose 611:615 arg1 tissues 628:634 normal loose connective tissues 604:634 normal loose connective tissues 604:634 One of the proteins associated with dense extracellular matrices is fibromodulin, a collagen fibrillogenesis modulator expressed in tumor stroma but scarce in normal loose connective tissues. 28827814 2 48 theme high 348:351 arg1 pressure 372:379 high interstitial fluid pressure 348:379 high interstitial fluid pressure 348:379 Variables related to tumor barrier include aberrant blood vessels, high interstitial fluid pressure, and the composition and structure of the extracellular matrix. 28827814 7 49 dep effector 1008:1015 arg1 function 1153:1160 function 1153:1160 can function as a main agent in tumor barrier function 1149:1202 Fibromodulin can therefore be a unique effector of dense collagen matrix assembly in tumor stroma and, without affecting other major matrix components or the cellular composition, can function as a main agent in tumor barrier function. 28827814 7 50 from agent 1172:1176 arg1 function 1195:1202 tumor barrier function 1181:1202 tumor barrier function 1181:1202 Fibromodulin can therefore be a unique effector of dense collagen matrix assembly in tumor stroma and, without affecting other major matrix components or the cellular composition, can function as a main agent in tumor barrier function. 28827814 2 51 dep composition 390:400 arg1 the 386:388 the 386:388 the 386:388 Variables related to tumor barrier include aberrant blood vessels, high interstitial fluid pressure, and the composition and structure of the extracellular matrix. 28827814 1 52 theme Tumor 135:139 arg1 function 149:156 Tumor barrier function 135:156 Tumor barrier function in carcinoma 135:169 Tumor barrier function in carcinoma represents a major challenge to treatment and is therefore an attractive target for increasing drug delivery. 28827814 7 53 theme other 1090:1094 arg1 components 1109:1118 other major matrix components 1090:1118 other major matrix components 1090:1118 Fibromodulin can therefore be a unique effector of dense collagen matrix assembly in tumor stroma and, without affecting other major matrix components or the cellular composition, can function as a main agent in tumor barrier function. 28827814 1 54 theme barrier 141:147 arg1 function 149:156 Tumor barrier function 135:156 Tumor barrier function in carcinoma 135:169 Tumor barrier function in carcinoma represents a major challenge to treatment and is therefore an attractive target for increasing drug delivery. 28827814 1 55 theme attractive 233:242 arg1 target 244:249 an attractive target 230:249 an attractive target for increasing drug delivery 230:278 Tumor barrier function in carcinoma represents a major challenge to treatment and is therefore an attractive target for increasing drug delivery. 28827814 7 56 theme tumor 1054:1058 arg1 stroma 1060:1065 tumor stroma 1054:1065 tumor stroma 1054:1065 Fibromodulin can therefore be a unique effector of dense collagen matrix assembly in tumor stroma and, without affecting other major matrix components or the cellular composition, can function as a main agent in tumor barrier function. 28827814 3 57 theme collagen 529:536 arg1 fibrillogenesis 538:552 collagen fibrillogenesis 529:552 a collagen fibrillogenesis modulator expressed in tumor stroma but scarce in normal loose connective tissues 527:634 One of the proteins associated with dense extracellular matrices is fibromodulin, a collagen fibrillogenesis modulator expressed in tumor stroma but scarce in normal loose connective tissues. 28827814 4 58 theme fibromodulin 674:685 arg1 effects 663:669 the effects 659:669 the effects of fibromodulin on stroma ECM 659:699 Here, we investigated the effects of fibromodulin on stroma ECM in a syngeneic murine colon carcinoma model. 28827814 0 59 theme glycosaminoglycan 68:84 arg1 content 86:92 glycosaminoglycan content 68:92 collagen structural network but not glycosaminoglycan content 32:92 Fibromodulin deficiency reduces collagen structural network but not glycosaminoglycan content in a syngeneic model of colon carcinoma. 28827814 7 60 theme matrix 1035:1040 arg1 assembly 1042:1049 dense collagen matrix assembly 1020:1049 dense collagen matrix assembly 1020:1049 Fibromodulin can therefore be a unique effector of dense collagen matrix assembly in tumor stroma and, without affecting other major matrix components or the cellular composition, can function as a main agent in tumor barrier function. 28827814 3 61 theme fibrillogenesis 538:552 arg1 modulator 554:562 a collagen fibrillogenesis modulator 527:562 a collagen fibrillogenesis modulator expressed in tumor stroma but scarce in normal loose connective tissues 527:634 One of the proteins associated with dense extracellular matrices is fibromodulin, a collagen fibrillogenesis modulator expressed in tumor stroma but scarce in normal loose connective tissues. 28827814 3 61 theme fibrillogenesis 538:552 arg1 fibromodulin 513:524 fibromodulin 513:524 fibromodulin 513:524 One of the proteins associated with dense extracellular matrices is fibromodulin, a collagen fibrillogenesis modulator expressed in tumor stroma but scarce in normal loose connective tissues. 25733251 4 0 theme UV-Vis 495:500 arg1 analysis 502:509 UV-Vis analysis 495:509 UV-Vis analysis on raising the weight percentage of silver 495:552 An increase in the absorbance observed from UV-Vis analysis on raising the weight percentage of silver showed the increase in the amount of silver in the nanocomposite. 25733251 5 1 theme cubic 638:642 arg1 structure 644:652 The face centered cubic structure 620:652 The face centered cubic structure of silver 620:662 The face centered cubic structure of silver and the semi-crystalline nature of chitosan are evident from the XRD studies. 25733251 5 1 theme cubic 638:642 arg1 evident 712:718 evident 712:718 evident 712:718 The face centered cubic structure of silver and the semi-crystalline nature of chitosan are evident from the XRD studies. 25733251 3 2 from studies 442:448 arg1 binding 358:364 The binding 354:364 The binding of silver to the NH2 and OH groups of chitosan 354:411 The binding of silver to the NH2 and OH groups of chitosan is evident from XPS and FTIR studies. 25733251 3 2 from studies 442:448 arg1 evident 416:422 evident 416:422 evident 416:422 The binding of silver to the NH2 and OH groups of chitosan is evident from XPS and FTIR studies. 25733251 1 3 theme chitosan-silver 166:180 arg1 nanocomposite 182:194 Polymer matrix type chitosan-silver nanocomposite 146:194 Polymer matrix type chitosan-silver nanocomposite containing different weight percentage of silver 146:243 Polymer matrix type chitosan-silver nanocomposite containing different weight percentage of silver was synthesized by the chemical method. 25733251 4 4 from increase 454:461 arg1 absorbance 470:479 the absorbance 466:479 the absorbance observed from UV-Vis analysis on raising the weight percentage of silver 466:552 An increase in the absorbance observed from UV-Vis analysis on raising the weight percentage of silver showed the increase in the amount of silver in the nanocomposite. 25733251 6 5 theme composite 880:888 arg1 use 869:871 the use 865:871 the use of the composite 865:888 On interaction with mercury the UV-Vis spectra of the composite showed a decrease in intensity and a blue shift confirming the use of the composite as a colorimetric sensor for the detection of mercury. 25733251 6 5 theme composite 880:888 arg1 sensor 908:913 a colorimetric sensor 893:913 a colorimetric sensor for the detection of mercury 893:942 On interaction with mercury the UV-Vis spectra of the composite showed a decrease in intensity and a blue shift confirming the use of the composite as a colorimetric sensor for the detection of mercury. 25733251 6 6 from decrease 815:822 arg1 intensity 827:835 intensity 827:835 intensity 827:835 On interaction with mercury the UV-Vis spectra of the composite showed a decrease in intensity and a blue shift confirming the use of the composite as a colorimetric sensor for the detection of mercury. 25733251 7 7 theme friendly 1061:1068 arg1 sensitivity 1028:1038 the sensitivity 1024:1038 the sensitivity of the environmental friendly 1024:1068 The limit of detection was found to be about 7.2×10(-8)M. High specificity and the sensitivity of the environmental friendly and non-toxic nanocomposite to detect very low concentrations of mercury make the system a perspective one. 25733251 7 7 theme friendly 1061:1068 arg1 friendly 1061:1068 the environmental friendly 1043:1068 the environmental friendly 1043:1068 The limit of detection was found to be about 7.2×10(-8)M. High specificity and the sensitivity of the environmental friendly and non-toxic nanocomposite to detect very low concentrations of mercury make the system a perspective one. 25733251 7 7 theme friendly 1061:1068 arg1 nanocomposite 1084:1096 non-toxic nanocomposite 1074:1096 non-toxic nanocomposite 1074:1096 The limit of detection was found to be about 7.2×10(-8)M. High specificity and the sensitivity of the environmental friendly and non-toxic nanocomposite to detect very low concentrations of mercury make the system a perspective one. 25733251 7 7 theme friendly 1061:1068 arg1 specificity 1008:1018 7.2×10(-8)M. High specificity 990:1018 7.2×10(-8)M. High specificity 990:1018 The limit of detection was found to be about 7.2×10(-8)M. High specificity and the sensitivity of the environmental friendly and non-toxic nanocomposite to detect very low concentrations of mercury make the system a perspective one. 25733251 0 8 theme colorimetric 107:118 arg1 sensing 120:126 the selective colorimetric sensing 93:126 the selective colorimetric sensing of toxic mercury 93:143 Synthesis and spectral characterization of silver embedded chitosan matrix nanocomposite for the selective colorimetric sensing of toxic mercury. 25733251 7 9 dep concentrations 1117:1130 arg1 make 1143:1146 make 1143:1146 make the system a perspective one 1143:1175 The limit of detection was found to be about 7.2×10(-8)M. High specificity and the sensitivity of the environmental friendly and non-toxic nanocomposite to detect very low concentrations of mercury make the system a perspective one. 25733251 6 10 theme composite 796:804 arg1 spectra 781:787 the UV-Vis spectra 770:787 the UV-Vis spectra of the composite 770:804 On interaction with mercury the UV-Vis spectra of the composite showed a decrease in intensity and a blue shift confirming the use of the composite as a colorimetric sensor for the detection of mercury. 25733251 2 11 theme silver 323:328 arg1 embedment 310:318 the embedment 306:318 the embedment of silver in the chitosan matrix 306:351 HRTEM images confirm the embedment of silver in the chitosan matrix. 25733251 3 12 theme chitosan 404:411 arg1 groups 394:399 the NH2 and OH groups 379:399 groups 394:399 The binding of silver to the NH2 and OH groups of chitosan is evident from XPS and FTIR studies. 25733251 3 12 theme chitosan 404:411 arg1 chitosan 404:411 chitosan 404:411 chitosan 404:411 The binding of silver to the NH2 and OH groups of chitosan is evident from XPS and FTIR studies. 25733251 0 13 theme selective 97:105 arg1 sensing 120:126 the selective colorimetric sensing 93:126 the selective colorimetric sensing of toxic mercury 93:143 Synthesis and spectral characterization of silver embedded chitosan matrix nanocomposite for the selective colorimetric sensing of toxic mercury. 25733251 5 14 theme chitosan 699:706 arg1 structure 644:652 The face centered cubic structure 620:652 The face centered cubic structure of silver 620:662 The face centered cubic structure of silver and the semi-crystalline nature of chitosan are evident from the XRD studies. 25733251 5 14 theme chitosan 699:706 arg1 nature 689:694 the semi-crystalline nature 668:694 the semi-crystalline nature of chitosan 668:706 The face centered cubic structure of silver and the semi-crystalline nature of chitosan are evident from the XRD studies. 25733251 5 14 theme chitosan 699:706 arg1 evident 712:718 evident 712:718 evident 712:718 The face centered cubic structure of silver and the semi-crystalline nature of chitosan are evident from the XRD studies. 25733251 5 15 theme silver 657:662 arg1 structure 644:652 The face centered cubic structure 620:652 The face centered cubic structure of silver 620:662 The face centered cubic structure of silver and the semi-crystalline nature of chitosan are evident from the XRD studies. 25733251 5 15 theme silver 657:662 arg1 nature 689:694 the semi-crystalline nature 668:694 the semi-crystalline nature of chitosan 668:706 The face centered cubic structure of silver and the semi-crystalline nature of chitosan are evident from the XRD studies. 25733251 5 15 theme silver 657:662 arg1 evident 712:718 evident 712:718 evident 712:718 The face centered cubic structure of silver and the semi-crystalline nature of chitosan are evident from the XRD studies. 25733251 3 16 theme silver 369:374 arg1 binding 358:364 The binding 354:364 The binding of silver to the NH2 and OH groups of chitosan 354:411 The binding of silver to the NH2 and OH groups of chitosan is evident from XPS and FTIR studies. 25733251 3 16 theme silver 369:374 arg1 evident 416:422 evident 416:422 evident 416:422 The binding of silver to the NH2 and OH groups of chitosan is evident from XPS and FTIR studies. 25733251 7 17 theme low 1113:1115 arg1 concentrations 1117:1130 very low concentrations 1108:1130 very low concentrations of mercury make the system a perspective one 1108:1175 The limit of detection was found to be about 7.2×10(-8)M. High specificity and the sensitivity of the environmental friendly and non-toxic nanocomposite to detect very low concentrations of mercury make the system a perspective one. 25733251 3 18 theme XPS 429:431 arg1 studies 442:448 XPS and FTIR studies 429:448 XPS and FTIR studies 429:448 The binding of silver to the NH2 and OH groups of chitosan is evident from XPS and FTIR studies. 25733251 3 19 theme FTIR 437:440 arg1 studies 442:448 XPS and FTIR studies 429:448 XPS and FTIR studies 429:448 The binding of silver to the NH2 and OH groups of chitosan is evident from XPS and FTIR studies. 25733251 6 20 theme mercury 936:942 arg1 detection 923:931 the detection 919:931 the detection of mercury 919:942 On interaction with mercury the UV-Vis spectra of the composite showed a decrease in intensity and a blue shift confirming the use of the composite as a colorimetric sensor for the detection of mercury. 25733251 1 21 theme different 207:215 arg1 percentage 224:233 different weight percentage 207:233 different weight percentage of silver 207:243 Polymer matrix type chitosan-silver nanocomposite containing different weight percentage of silver was synthesized by the chemical method. 25733251 4 22 from increase 565:572 arg1 amount 581:586 the amount 577:586 the amount of silver 577:596 An increase in the absorbance observed from UV-Vis analysis on raising the weight percentage of silver showed the increase in the amount of silver in the nanocomposite. 25733251 4 22 from increase 565:572 arg1 silver 591:596 silver 591:596 silver 591:596 An increase in the absorbance observed from UV-Vis analysis on raising the weight percentage of silver showed the increase in the amount of silver in the nanocomposite. 25733251 4 22 from increase 565:572 arg1 nanocomposite 605:617 the nanocomposite 601:617 the nanocomposite 601:617 An increase in the absorbance observed from UV-Vis analysis on raising the weight percentage of silver showed the increase in the amount of silver in the nanocomposite. 25733251 6 23 with interaction 745:755 arg1 mercury 762:768 mercury 762:768 mercury 762:768 On interaction with mercury the UV-Vis spectra of the composite showed a decrease in intensity and a blue shift confirming the use of the composite as a colorimetric sensor for the detection of mercury. 25733251 5 24 theme face 624:627 arg1 structure 644:652 The face centered cubic structure 620:652 The face centered cubic structure of silver 620:662 The face centered cubic structure of silver and the semi-crystalline nature of chitosan are evident from the XRD studies. 25733251 5 24 theme face 624:627 arg1 evident 712:718 evident 712:718 evident 712:718 The face centered cubic structure of silver and the semi-crystalline nature of chitosan are evident from the XRD studies. 25733251 6 25 theme UV-Vis 774:779 arg1 spectra 781:787 the UV-Vis spectra 770:787 the UV-Vis spectra of the composite 770:804 On interaction with mercury the UV-Vis spectra of the composite showed a decrease in intensity and a blue shift confirming the use of the composite as a colorimetric sensor for the detection of mercury. 25733251 1 26 theme weight 217:222 arg1 percentage 224:233 different weight percentage 207:233 different weight percentage of silver 207:243 Polymer matrix type chitosan-silver nanocomposite containing different weight percentage of silver was synthesized by the chemical method. 25733251 5 27 theme centered 629:636 arg1 structure 644:652 The face centered cubic structure 620:652 The face centered cubic structure of silver 620:662 The face centered cubic structure of silver and the semi-crystalline nature of chitosan are evident from the XRD studies. 25733251 5 27 theme centered 629:636 arg1 evident 712:718 evident 712:718 evident 712:718 The face centered cubic structure of silver and the semi-crystalline nature of chitosan are evident from the XRD studies. 25733251 2 28 theme chitosan 337:344 arg1 matrix 346:351 the chitosan matrix 333:351 the chitosan matrix 333:351 HRTEM images confirm the embedment of silver in the chitosan matrix. 25733251 6 29 theme blue 843:846 arg1 shift 848:852 a blue shift 841:852 a blue shift 841:852 On interaction with mercury the UV-Vis spectra of the composite showed a decrease in intensity and a blue shift confirming the use of the composite as a colorimetric sensor for the detection of mercury. 25733251 6 30 from shift 848:852 arg1 intensity 827:835 intensity 827:835 intensity 827:835 On interaction with mercury the UV-Vis spectra of the composite showed a decrease in intensity and a blue shift confirming the use of the composite as a colorimetric sensor for the detection of mercury. 25733251 4 31 theme silver 547:552 arg1 percentage 533:542 the weight percentage 522:542 the weight percentage of silver 522:552 An increase in the absorbance observed from UV-Vis analysis on raising the weight percentage of silver showed the increase in the amount of silver in the nanocomposite. 25733251 0 32 theme mercury 137:143 arg1 sensing 120:126 the selective colorimetric sensing 93:126 the selective colorimetric sensing of toxic mercury 93:143 Synthesis and spectral characterization of silver embedded chitosan matrix nanocomposite for the selective colorimetric sensing of toxic mercury. 25733251 0 33 theme spectral 14:21 arg1 characterization 23:38 spectral characterization 14:38 spectral characterization 14:38 Synthesis and spectral characterization of silver embedded chitosan matrix nanocomposite for the selective colorimetric sensing of toxic mercury. 25733251 0 34 theme toxic 131:135 arg1 mercury 137:143 toxic mercury 131:143 toxic mercury 131:143 Synthesis and spectral characterization of silver embedded chitosan matrix nanocomposite for the selective colorimetric sensing of toxic mercury. 25733251 1 35 theme silver 238:243 arg1 percentage 224:233 different weight percentage 207:233 different weight percentage of silver 207:243 Polymer matrix type chitosan-silver nanocomposite containing different weight percentage of silver was synthesized by the chemical method. 25733251 0 36 theme silver 43:48 arg1 matrix 68:73 silver embedded chitosan matrix 43:73 silver embedded chitosan matrix 43:73 Synthesis and spectral characterization of silver embedded chitosan matrix nanocomposite for the selective colorimetric sensing of toxic mercury. 25733251 5 37 from studies 733:739 arg1 structure 644:652 The face centered cubic structure 620:652 The face centered cubic structure of silver 620:662 The face centered cubic structure of silver and the semi-crystalline nature of chitosan are evident from the XRD studies. 25733251 5 37 from studies 733:739 arg1 nature 689:694 the semi-crystalline nature 668:694 the semi-crystalline nature of chitosan 668:706 The face centered cubic structure of silver and the semi-crystalline nature of chitosan are evident from the XRD studies. 25733251 5 37 from studies 733:739 arg1 evident 712:718 evident 712:718 evident 712:718 The face centered cubic structure of silver and the semi-crystalline nature of chitosan are evident from the XRD studies. 25733251 7 38 theme non-toxic 1074:1082 arg1 friendly 1061:1068 the environmental friendly 1043:1068 the environmental friendly 1043:1068 The limit of detection was found to be about 7.2×10(-8)M. High specificity and the sensitivity of the environmental friendly and non-toxic nanocomposite to detect very low concentrations of mercury make the system a perspective one. 25733251 7 38 theme non-toxic 1074:1082 arg1 nanocomposite 1084:1096 non-toxic nanocomposite 1074:1096 non-toxic nanocomposite 1074:1096 The limit of detection was found to be about 7.2×10(-8)M. High specificity and the sensitivity of the environmental friendly and non-toxic nanocomposite to detect very low concentrations of mercury make the system a perspective one. 25733251 4 39 theme weight 526:531 arg1 percentage 533:542 the weight percentage 522:542 the weight percentage of silver 522:552 An increase in the absorbance observed from UV-Vis analysis on raising the weight percentage of silver showed the increase in the amount of silver in the nanocomposite. 25733251 7 40 theme M. 1000:1001 arg1 specificity 1008:1018 7.2×10(-8)M. High specificity 990:1018 7.2×10(-8)M. High specificity 990:1018 The limit of detection was found to be about 7.2×10(-8)M. High specificity and the sensitivity of the environmental friendly and non-toxic nanocomposite to detect very low concentrations of mercury make the system a perspective one. 25733251 0 41 theme chitosan 59:66 arg1 matrix 68:73 silver embedded chitosan matrix 43:73 silver embedded chitosan matrix 43:73 Synthesis and spectral characterization of silver embedded chitosan matrix nanocomposite for the selective colorimetric sensing of toxic mercury. 25733251 1 42 contain containing 196:205 arg2 percentage 224:233 different weight percentage 207:233 different weight percentage of silver 207:243 Polymer matrix type chitosan-silver nanocomposite containing different weight percentage of silver was synthesized by the chemical method. 25733251 1 42 contain containing 196:205 arg1 nanocomposite 182:194 Polymer matrix type chitosan-silver nanocomposite 146:194 Polymer matrix type chitosan-silver nanocomposite containing different weight percentage of silver 146:243 Polymer matrix type chitosan-silver nanocomposite containing different weight percentage of silver was synthesized by the chemical method. 25733251 0 43 theme embedded 50:57 arg1 matrix 68:73 silver embedded chitosan matrix 43:73 silver embedded chitosan matrix 43:73 Synthesis and spectral characterization of silver embedded chitosan matrix nanocomposite for the selective colorimetric sensing of toxic mercury. 25733251 7 44 theme High 1003:1006 arg1 specificity 1008:1018 7.2×10(-8)M. High specificity 990:1018 7.2×10(-8)M. High specificity 990:1018 The limit of detection was found to be about 7.2×10(-8)M. High specificity and the sensitivity of the environmental friendly and non-toxic nanocomposite to detect very low concentrations of mercury make the system a perspective one. 25733251 2 45 from embedment 310:318 arg1 matrix 346:351 the chitosan matrix 333:351 the chitosan matrix 333:351 HRTEM images confirm the embedment of silver in the chitosan matrix. 25733251 6 46 theme colorimetric 895:906 arg1 use 869:871 the use 865:871 the use of the composite 865:888 On interaction with mercury the UV-Vis spectra of the composite showed a decrease in intensity and a blue shift confirming the use of the composite as a colorimetric sensor for the detection of mercury. 25733251 6 46 theme colorimetric 895:906 arg1 sensor 908:913 a colorimetric sensor 893:913 a colorimetric sensor for the detection of mercury 893:942 On interaction with mercury the UV-Vis spectra of the composite showed a decrease in intensity and a blue shift confirming the use of the composite as a colorimetric sensor for the detection of mercury. 25733251 5 47 theme semi-crystalline 672:687 arg1 nature 689:694 the semi-crystalline nature 668:694 the semi-crystalline nature of chitosan 668:706 The face centered cubic structure of silver and the semi-crystalline nature of chitosan are evident from the XRD studies. 25733251 5 47 theme semi-crystalline 672:687 arg1 evident 712:718 evident 712:718 evident 712:718 The face centered cubic structure of silver and the semi-crystalline nature of chitosan are evident from the XRD studies. 25733251 5 48 theme XRD 729:731 arg1 studies 733:739 the XRD studies 725:739 the XRD studies 725:739 The face centered cubic structure of silver and the semi-crystalline nature of chitosan are evident from the XRD studies. 25733251 1 49 theme Polymer 146:152 arg1 nanocomposite 182:194 Polymer matrix type chitosan-silver nanocomposite 146:194 Polymer matrix type chitosan-silver nanocomposite containing different weight percentage of silver 146:243 Polymer matrix type chitosan-silver nanocomposite containing different weight percentage of silver was synthesized by the chemical method. 25733251 4 50 theme silver 591:596 arg1 amount 581:586 the amount 577:586 the amount of silver 577:596 An increase in the absorbance observed from UV-Vis analysis on raising the weight percentage of silver showed the increase in the amount of silver in the nanocomposite. 25733251 4 50 theme silver 591:596 arg1 silver 591:596 silver 591:596 silver 591:596 An increase in the absorbance observed from UV-Vis analysis on raising the weight percentage of silver showed the increase in the amount of silver in the nanocomposite. 25733251 2 51 theme HRTEM 285:289 arg1 images 291:296 HRTEM images 285:296 HRTEM images 285:296 HRTEM images confirm the embedment of silver in the chitosan matrix. 25733251 7 52 theme detection 958:966 arg1 limit 949:953 The limit 945:953 The limit of detection 945:966 The limit of detection was found to be about 7.2×10(-8)M. High specificity and the sensitivity of the environmental friendly and non-toxic nanocomposite to detect very low concentrations of mercury make the system a perspective one. 25733251 1 53 theme matrix 154:159 arg1 nanocomposite 182:194 Polymer matrix type chitosan-silver nanocomposite 146:194 Polymer matrix type chitosan-silver nanocomposite containing different weight percentage of silver 146:243 Polymer matrix type chitosan-silver nanocomposite containing different weight percentage of silver was synthesized by the chemical method. 25733251 1 54 theme chemical 268:275 arg1 method 277:282 the chemical method 264:282 the chemical method 264:282 Polymer matrix type chitosan-silver nanocomposite containing different weight percentage of silver was synthesized by the chemical method. 25733251 0 55 theme matrix 68:73 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis and spectral characterization of silver embedded chitosan matrix nanocomposite for the selective colorimetric sensing of toxic mercury. 25733251 0 55 theme matrix 68:73 arg1 characterization 23:38 spectral characterization 14:38 spectral characterization 14:38 Synthesis and spectral characterization of silver embedded chitosan matrix nanocomposite for the selective colorimetric sensing of toxic mercury. 25733251 7 56 theme mercury 1135:1141 arg1 concentrations 1117:1130 very low concentrations 1108:1130 very low concentrations of mercury make the system a perspective one 1108:1175 The limit of detection was found to be about 7.2×10(-8)M. High specificity and the sensitivity of the environmental friendly and non-toxic nanocomposite to detect very low concentrations of mercury make the system a perspective one. 25733251 3 57 theme OH 391:392 arg1 groups 394:399 the NH2 and OH groups 379:399 groups 394:399 The binding of silver to the NH2 and OH groups of chitosan is evident from XPS and FTIR studies. 25733251 3 57 theme OH 391:392 arg1 chitosan 404:411 chitosan 404:411 chitosan 404:411 The binding of silver to the NH2 and OH groups of chitosan is evident from XPS and FTIR studies. 25733251 7 58 theme environmental 1047:1059 arg1 friendly 1061:1068 the environmental friendly 1043:1068 the environmental friendly 1043:1068 The limit of detection was found to be about 7.2×10(-8)M. High specificity and the sensitivity of the environmental friendly and non-toxic nanocomposite to detect very low concentrations of mercury make the system a perspective one. 25733251 1 59 theme type 161:164 arg1 nanocomposite 182:194 Polymer matrix type chitosan-silver nanocomposite 146:194 Polymer matrix type chitosan-silver nanocomposite containing different weight percentage of silver 146:243 Polymer matrix type chitosan-silver nanocomposite containing different weight percentage of silver was synthesized by the chemical method. 25733251 3 60 theme NH2 383:385 arg1 groups 394:399 the NH2 and OH groups 379:399 groups 394:399 The binding of silver to the NH2 and OH groups of chitosan is evident from XPS and FTIR studies. 25733251 3 60 theme NH2 383:385 arg1 chitosan 404:411 chitosan 404:411 chitosan 404:411 The binding of silver to the NH2 and OH groups of chitosan is evident from XPS and FTIR studies. 27747987 8 0 theme pollinator 1557:1566 arg1 deception 1568:1576 pollinator deception 1557:1576 pollinator deception 1557:1576 Finally, we document unexpectedly sucrose-poor nectar in some specialized nectarivorous bird-pollinated plants from the Old World, which might represent an overlooked form of pollinator deception. 27747987 8 1 theme specialized 1444:1454 arg1 plants 1486:1491 some specialized nectarivorous bird-pollinated plants 1439:1491 some specialized nectarivorous bird-pollinated plants from the Old World, which might represent an overlooked form of pollinator deception 1439:1576 Finally, we document unexpectedly sucrose-poor nectar in some specialized nectarivorous bird-pollinated plants from the Old World, which might represent an overlooked form of pollinator deception. 27747987 3 2 theme generalist-pollinated 635:655 arg1 plants 657:662 generalist-pollinated plants 635:662 generalist-pollinated plants 635:662 We analyse ~ 2100 species of asterids, spanning several plant families and pollinator groups (PGs), and show that the hypothesis of adaptation cannot be rejected: NSP evolves towards two optimal values, high NSP for specialist-pollinated and low NSP for generalist-pollinated plants. 27747987 9 3 theme several 1610:1616 arg1 insights 1622:1629 several new insights 1610:1629 several new insights into how nectar evolves and we conclude by discussing why maintaining the conceptual dichotomy between adaptation and constraint might be unhelpful for advancing this field 1610:1802 Thus, our broad study provides several new insights into how nectar evolves and we conclude by discussing why maintaining the conceptual dichotomy between adaptation and constraint might be unhelpful for advancing this field. 27747987 5 4 theme nectar 863:868 arg1 evolution 870:878 nectar evolution 863:878 nectar evolution 863:878 Additional factors are therefore needed to fully explain nectar evolution, and we suggest that future studies might incorporate floral shape and size and the abiotic environment into the analytical framework. 27747987 8 5 theme bird-pollinated 1470:1484 arg1 plants 1486:1491 some specialized nectarivorous bird-pollinated plants 1439:1491 some specialized nectarivorous bird-pollinated plants from the Old World, which might represent an overlooked form of pollinator deception 1439:1576 Finally, we document unexpectedly sucrose-poor nectar in some specialized nectarivorous bird-pollinated plants from the Old World, which might represent an overlooked form of pollinator deception. 27747987 9 6 theme new 1618:1620 arg1 insights 1622:1629 several new insights 1610:1629 several new insights into how nectar evolves and we conclude by discussing why maintaining the conceptual dichotomy between adaptation and constraint might be unhelpful for advancing this field 1610:1802 Thus, our broad study provides several new insights into how nectar evolves and we conclude by discussing why maintaining the conceptual dichotomy between adaptation and constraint might be unhelpful for advancing this field. 27747987 7 7 theme nectar 1192:1197 arg1 composition 1199:1209 its nectar composition 1188:1209 its nectar composition 1188:1209 This contrasts with the view that a plant necessarily has to adapt its nectar composition to ensure pollination but rather suggests that pollinators adapt their foraging behaviour or dietary requirements to the nectar sugar composition presented by the plants. 27747987 4 8 theme adaptive 687:694 arg1 weak 707:710 weak 707:710 weak 707:710 However, the inferred adaptive process is weak, suggesting that adaptation to PG only provides a partial explanation for how nectar evolves. 27747987 4 8 theme adaptive 687:694 arg1 process 696:702 the inferred adaptive process 674:702 the inferred adaptive process 674:702 However, the inferred adaptive process is weak, suggesting that adaptation to PG only provides a partial explanation for how nectar evolves. 27747987 3 9 theme groups 467:472 arg1 species 399:405 ~ 2100 species 392:405 ~ 2100 species of asterids, spanning several plant families and pollinator groups (PGs) 392:478 We analyse ~ 2100 species of asterids, spanning several plant families and pollinator groups (PGs), and show that the hypothesis of adaptation cannot be rejected: NSP evolves towards two optimal values, high NSP for specialist-pollinated and low NSP for generalist-pollinated plants. 27747987 8 10 from nectar 1429:1434 arg1 plants 1486:1491 some specialized nectarivorous bird-pollinated plants 1439:1491 some specialized nectarivorous bird-pollinated plants from the Old World, which might represent an overlooked form of pollinator deception 1439:1576 Finally, we document unexpectedly sucrose-poor nectar in some specialized nectarivorous bird-pollinated plants from the Old World, which might represent an overlooked form of pollinator deception. 27747987 8 10 from nectar 1429:1434 arg1 World 1506:1510 the Old World 1498:1510 the Old World 1498:1510 Finally, we document unexpectedly sucrose-poor nectar in some specialized nectarivorous bird-pollinated plants from the Old World, which might represent an overlooked form of pollinator deception. 27747987 2 11 theme modelling 265:273 arg1 approach 275:282 a modelling approach 263:282 a modelling approach 263:282 Here, we use a modelling approach to evaluate the hypothesis that nectar sucrose proportion (NSP) is an adaptation to pollinators. 27747987 1 12 theme pollinator 169:178 arg1 requirements 188:199 pollinator dietary requirements 169:199 pollinator dietary requirements 169:199 A long-standing debate concerns whether nectar sugar composition evolves as an adaptation to pollinator dietary requirements or whether it is 'phylogenetically constrained'. 27747987 6 13 theme pollinator 1099:1108 arg1 behaviour 1110:1118 pollinator behaviour 1099:1118 pollinator behaviour 1099:1118 Further, we show that NSP and PG evolution are correlated - in a manner dictated by pollinator behaviour. 27747987 1 14 theme dietary 180:186 arg1 requirements 188:199 pollinator dietary requirements 169:199 pollinator dietary requirements 169:199 A long-standing debate concerns whether nectar sugar composition evolves as an adaptation to pollinator dietary requirements or whether it is 'phylogenetically constrained'. 27747987 8 15 theme Old 1502:1504 arg1 World 1506:1510 the Old World 1498:1510 the Old World 1498:1510 Finally, we document unexpectedly sucrose-poor nectar in some specialized nectarivorous bird-pollinated plants from the Old World, which might represent an overlooked form of pollinator deception. 27747987 9 16 theme conceptual 1705:1714 arg1 dichotomy 1716:1724 the conceptual dichotomy 1701:1724 the conceptual dichotomy between adaptation and constraint 1701:1758 Thus, our broad study provides several new insights into how nectar evolves and we conclude by discussing why maintaining the conceptual dichotomy between adaptation and constraint might be unhelpful for advancing this field. 27747987 1 17 theme long-standing 78:90 arg1 debate 92:97 A long-standing debate 76:97 A long-standing debate 76:97 A long-standing debate concerns whether nectar sugar composition evolves as an adaptation to pollinator dietary requirements or whether it is 'phylogenetically constrained'. 27747987 0 18 theme Pollinator 0:9 arg1 adaptation 11:20 Pollinator adaptation 0:20 Pollinator adaptation 0:20 Pollinator adaptation and the evolution of floral nectar sugar composition. 27747987 4 19 theme inferred 678:685 arg1 weak 707:710 weak 707:710 weak 707:710 However, the inferred adaptive process is weak, suggesting that adaptation to PG only provides a partial explanation for how nectar evolves. 27747987 4 19 theme inferred 678:685 arg1 process 696:702 the inferred adaptive process 674:702 the inferred adaptive process 674:702 However, the inferred adaptive process is weak, suggesting that adaptation to PG only provides a partial explanation for how nectar evolves. 27747987 3 20 theme asterids 410:417 arg1 species 399:405 ~ 2100 species 392:405 ~ 2100 species of asterids, spanning several plant families and pollinator groups (PGs) 392:478 We analyse ~ 2100 species of asterids, spanning several plant families and pollinator groups (PGs), and show that the hypothesis of adaptation cannot be rejected: NSP evolves towards two optimal values, high NSP for specialist-pollinated and low NSP for generalist-pollinated plants. 27747987 9 21 theme broad 1589:1593 arg1 study 1595:1599 our broad study 1585:1599 our broad study 1585:1599 Thus, our broad study provides several new insights into how nectar evolves and we conclude by discussing why maintaining the conceptual dichotomy between adaptation and constraint might be unhelpful for advancing this field. 27747987 3 22 theme adaptation 513:522 arg1 hypothesis 499:508 the hypothesis 495:508 the hypothesis of adaptation 495:522 We analyse ~ 2100 species of asterids, spanning several plant families and pollinator groups (PGs), and show that the hypothesis of adaptation cannot be rejected: NSP evolves towards two optimal values, high NSP for specialist-pollinated and low NSP for generalist-pollinated plants. 27747987 3 23 theme families 443:450 arg1 species 399:405 ~ 2100 species 392:405 ~ 2100 species of asterids, spanning several plant families and pollinator groups (PGs) 392:478 We analyse ~ 2100 species of asterids, spanning several plant families and pollinator groups (PGs), and show that the hypothesis of adaptation cannot be rejected: NSP evolves towards two optimal values, high NSP for specialist-pollinated and low NSP for generalist-pollinated plants. 27747987 5 24 theme floral 934:939 arg1 shape 941:945 shape 941:945 shape 941:945 Additional factors are therefore needed to fully explain nectar evolution, and we suggest that future studies might incorporate floral shape and size and the abiotic environment into the analytical framework. 27747987 8 25 from World 1506:1510 arg1 nectar 1429:1434 unexpectedly sucrose-poor nectar 1403:1434 unexpectedly sucrose-poor nectar in some specialized nectarivorous bird-pollinated plants from the Old World, which might represent an overlooked form of pollinator deception 1403:1576 Finally, we document unexpectedly sucrose-poor nectar in some specialized nectarivorous bird-pollinated plants from the Old World, which might represent an overlooked form of pollinator deception. 27747987 8 25 from World 1506:1510 arg1 plants 1486:1491 some specialized nectarivorous bird-pollinated plants 1439:1491 some specialized nectarivorous bird-pollinated plants from the Old World, which might represent an overlooked form of pollinator deception 1439:1576 Finally, we document unexpectedly sucrose-poor nectar in some specialized nectarivorous bird-pollinated plants from the Old World, which might represent an overlooked form of pollinator deception. 27747987 3 26 theme specialist-pollinated 597:617 arg1 NSP 627:629 specialist-pollinated and low NSP 597:629 specialist-pollinated and low NSP 597:629 We analyse ~ 2100 species of asterids, spanning several plant families and pollinator groups (PGs), and show that the hypothesis of adaptation cannot be rejected: NSP evolves towards two optimal values, high NSP for specialist-pollinated and low NSP for generalist-pollinated plants. 27747987 5 27 theme abiotic 964:970 arg1 environment 972:982 the abiotic environment 960:982 the abiotic environment 960:982 Additional factors are therefore needed to fully explain nectar evolution, and we suggest that future studies might incorporate floral shape and size and the abiotic environment into the analytical framework. 27747987 3 28 theme several 429:435 arg1 families 443:450 spanning several plant families 420:450 spanning several plant families 420:450 We analyse ~ 2100 species of asterids, spanning several plant families and pollinator groups (PGs), and show that the hypothesis of adaptation cannot be rejected: NSP evolves towards two optimal values, high NSP for specialist-pollinated and low NSP for generalist-pollinated plants. 27747987 8 29 theme overlooked 1538:1547 arg1 form 1549:1552 an overlooked form 1535:1552 an overlooked form of pollinator deception 1535:1576 Finally, we document unexpectedly sucrose-poor nectar in some specialized nectarivorous bird-pollinated plants from the Old World, which might represent an overlooked form of pollinator deception. 27747987 7 30 theme sugar 1339:1343 arg1 composition 1345:1355 the nectar sugar composition 1328:1355 the nectar sugar composition presented by the plants 1328:1379 This contrasts with the view that a plant necessarily has to adapt its nectar composition to ensure pollination but rather suggests that pollinators adapt their foraging behaviour or dietary requirements to the nectar sugar composition presented by the plants. 27747987 3 31 theme high 584:587 arg1 values 576:581 two optimal values 564:581 two optimal values 564:581 We analyse ~ 2100 species of asterids, spanning several plant families and pollinator groups (PGs), and show that the hypothesis of adaptation cannot be rejected: NSP evolves towards two optimal values, high NSP for specialist-pollinated and low NSP for generalist-pollinated plants. 27747987 3 31 theme high 584:587 arg1 NSP 589:591 high NSP 584:591 high NSP for specialist-pollinated and low NSP for generalist-pollinated plants 584:662 We analyse ~ 2100 species of asterids, spanning several plant families and pollinator groups (PGs), and show that the hypothesis of adaptation cannot be rejected: NSP evolves towards two optimal values, high NSP for specialist-pollinated and low NSP for generalist-pollinated plants. 27747987 4 32 theme partial 762:768 arg1 explanation 770:780 a partial explanation 760:780 a partial explanation for how nectar evolves 760:803 However, the inferred adaptive process is weak, suggesting that adaptation to PG only provides a partial explanation for how nectar evolves. 27747987 5 33 theme Additional 806:815 arg1 factors 817:823 Additional factors 806:823 Additional factors 806:823 Additional factors are therefore needed to fully explain nectar evolution, and we suggest that future studies might incorporate floral shape and size and the abiotic environment into the analytical framework. 27747987 3 34 theme plant 437:441 arg1 families 443:450 spanning several plant families 420:450 spanning several plant families 420:450 We analyse ~ 2100 species of asterids, spanning several plant families and pollinator groups (PGs), and show that the hypothesis of adaptation cannot be rejected: NSP evolves towards two optimal values, high NSP for specialist-pollinated and low NSP for generalist-pollinated plants. 27747987 0 35 theme nectar 50:55 arg1 composition 63:73 floral nectar sugar composition 43:73 floral nectar sugar composition 43:73 Pollinator adaptation and the evolution of floral nectar sugar composition. 27747987 1 36 theme nectar 116:121 arg1 composition 129:139 nectar sugar composition 116:139 nectar sugar composition 116:139 A long-standing debate concerns whether nectar sugar composition evolves as an adaptation to pollinator dietary requirements or whether it is 'phylogenetically constrained'. 27747987 0 37 theme floral 43:48 arg1 composition 63:73 floral nectar sugar composition 43:73 floral nectar sugar composition 43:73 Pollinator adaptation and the evolution of floral nectar sugar composition. 27747987 5 38 theme analytical 993:1002 arg1 framework 1004:1012 the analytical framework 989:1012 the analytical framework 989:1012 Additional factors are therefore needed to fully explain nectar evolution, and we suggest that future studies might incorporate floral shape and size and the abiotic environment into the analytical framework. 27747987 1 39 theme sugar 123:127 arg1 composition 129:139 nectar sugar composition 116:139 nectar sugar composition 116:139 A long-standing debate concerns whether nectar sugar composition evolves as an adaptation to pollinator dietary requirements or whether it is 'phylogenetically constrained'. 27747987 7 40 theme behaviour 1291:1299 arg1 requirements 1312:1323 their foraging behaviour or dietary requirements 1276:1323 their foraging behaviour or dietary requirements 1276:1323 This contrasts with the view that a plant necessarily has to adapt its nectar composition to ensure pollination but rather suggests that pollinators adapt their foraging behaviour or dietary requirements to the nectar sugar composition presented by the plants. 27747987 8 41 theme sucrose-poor 1416:1427 arg1 nectar 1429:1434 unexpectedly sucrose-poor nectar 1403:1434 unexpectedly sucrose-poor nectar in some specialized nectarivorous bird-pollinated plants from the Old World, which might represent an overlooked form of pollinator deception 1403:1576 Finally, we document unexpectedly sucrose-poor nectar in some specialized nectarivorous bird-pollinated plants from the Old World, which might represent an overlooked form of pollinator deception. 27747987 7 42 theme nectar 1332:1337 arg1 composition 1345:1355 the nectar sugar composition 1328:1355 the nectar sugar composition presented by the plants 1328:1379 This contrasts with the view that a plant necessarily has to adapt its nectar composition to ensure pollination but rather suggests that pollinators adapt their foraging behaviour or dietary requirements to the nectar sugar composition presented by the plants. 27747987 2 43 theme sucrose 323:329 arg1 proportion 331:340 nectar sucrose proportion 316:340 nectar sucrose proportion (NSP) 316:346 Here, we use a modelling approach to evaluate the hypothesis that nectar sucrose proportion (NSP) is an adaptation to pollinators. 27747987 2 43 theme sucrose 323:329 arg1 adaptation 354:363 an adaptation 351:363 an adaptation to pollinators 351:378 Here, we use a modelling approach to evaluate the hypothesis that nectar sucrose proportion (NSP) is an adaptation to pollinators. 27747987 2 43 theme sucrose 323:329 arg1 NSP 343:345 NSP 343:345 NSP 343:345 Here, we use a modelling approach to evaluate the hypothesis that nectar sucrose proportion (NSP) is an adaptation to pollinators. 27747987 5 44 theme future 901:906 arg1 studies 908:914 future studies 901:914 future studies 901:914 Additional factors are therefore needed to fully explain nectar evolution, and we suggest that future studies might incorporate floral shape and size and the abiotic environment into the analytical framework. 27747987 8 45 theme deception 1568:1576 arg1 form 1549:1552 an overlooked form 1535:1552 an overlooked form of pollinator deception 1535:1576 Finally, we document unexpectedly sucrose-poor nectar in some specialized nectarivorous bird-pollinated plants from the Old World, which might represent an overlooked form of pollinator deception. 27747987 7 46 theme dietary 1304:1310 arg1 requirements 1312:1323 their foraging behaviour or dietary requirements 1276:1323 their foraging behaviour or dietary requirements 1276:1323 This contrasts with the view that a plant necessarily has to adapt its nectar composition to ensure pollination but rather suggests that pollinators adapt their foraging behaviour or dietary requirements to the nectar sugar composition presented by the plants. 27747987 2 47 theme nectar 316:321 arg1 proportion 331:340 nectar sucrose proportion 316:340 nectar sucrose proportion (NSP) 316:346 Here, we use a modelling approach to evaluate the hypothesis that nectar sucrose proportion (NSP) is an adaptation to pollinators. 27747987 2 47 theme nectar 316:321 arg1 adaptation 354:363 an adaptation 351:363 an adaptation to pollinators 351:378 Here, we use a modelling approach to evaluate the hypothesis that nectar sucrose proportion (NSP) is an adaptation to pollinators. 27747987 2 47 theme nectar 316:321 arg1 NSP 343:345 NSP 343:345 NSP 343:345 Here, we use a modelling approach to evaluate the hypothesis that nectar sucrose proportion (NSP) is an adaptation to pollinators. 27747987 3 48 theme pollinator 456:465 arg1 PGs 475:477 PGs 475:477 PGs 475:477 We analyse ~ 2100 species of asterids, spanning several plant families and pollinator groups (PGs), and show that the hypothesis of adaptation cannot be rejected: NSP evolves towards two optimal values, high NSP for specialist-pollinated and low NSP for generalist-pollinated plants. 27747987 3 48 theme pollinator 456:465 arg1 groups 467:472 pollinator groups 456:472 pollinator groups (PGs) 456:478 We analyse ~ 2100 species of asterids, spanning several plant families and pollinator groups (PGs), and show that the hypothesis of adaptation cannot be rejected: NSP evolves towards two optimal values, high NSP for specialist-pollinated and low NSP for generalist-pollinated plants. 27747987 0 49 theme composition 63:73 arg1 adaptation 11:20 Pollinator adaptation 0:20 Pollinator adaptation 0:20 Pollinator adaptation and the evolution of floral nectar sugar composition. 27747987 0 49 theme composition 63:73 arg1 evolution 30:38 the evolution 26:38 the evolution of floral nectar sugar composition 26:73 Pollinator adaptation and the evolution of floral nectar sugar composition. 27747987 3 50 theme low 623:625 arg1 NSP 627:629 specialist-pollinated and low NSP 597:629 specialist-pollinated and low NSP 597:629 We analyse ~ 2100 species of asterids, spanning several plant families and pollinator groups (PGs), and show that the hypothesis of adaptation cannot be rejected: NSP evolves towards two optimal values, high NSP for specialist-pollinated and low NSP for generalist-pollinated plants. 27747987 7 51 theme foraging 1282:1289 arg1 requirements 1312:1323 their foraging behaviour or dietary requirements 1276:1323 their foraging behaviour or dietary requirements 1276:1323 This contrasts with the view that a plant necessarily has to adapt its nectar composition to ensure pollination but rather suggests that pollinators adapt their foraging behaviour or dietary requirements to the nectar sugar composition presented by the plants. 27747987 3 52 theme spanning 420:427 arg1 families 443:450 spanning several plant families 420:450 spanning several plant families 420:450 We analyse ~ 2100 species of asterids, spanning several plant families and pollinator groups (PGs), and show that the hypothesis of adaptation cannot be rejected: NSP evolves towards two optimal values, high NSP for specialist-pollinated and low NSP for generalist-pollinated plants. 27747987 0 53 theme sugar 57:61 arg1 composition 63:73 floral nectar sugar composition 43:73 floral nectar sugar composition 43:73 Pollinator adaptation and the evolution of floral nectar sugar composition. 27747987 8 54 theme nectarivorous 1456:1468 arg1 plants 1486:1491 some specialized nectarivorous bird-pollinated plants 1439:1491 some specialized nectarivorous bird-pollinated plants from the Old World, which might represent an overlooked form of pollinator deception 1439:1576 Finally, we document unexpectedly sucrose-poor nectar in some specialized nectarivorous bird-pollinated plants from the Old World, which might represent an overlooked form of pollinator deception. 27747987 3 55 theme optimal 568:574 arg1 values 576:581 two optimal values 564:581 two optimal values 564:581 We analyse ~ 2100 species of asterids, spanning several plant families and pollinator groups (PGs), and show that the hypothesis of adaptation cannot be rejected: NSP evolves towards two optimal values, high NSP for specialist-pollinated and low NSP for generalist-pollinated plants. 27747987 3 55 theme optimal 568:574 arg1 NSP 589:591 high NSP 584:591 high NSP for specialist-pollinated and low NSP for generalist-pollinated plants 584:662 We analyse ~ 2100 species of asterids, spanning several plant families and pollinator groups (PGs), and show that the hypothesis of adaptation cannot be rejected: NSP evolves towards two optimal values, high NSP for specialist-pollinated and low NSP for generalist-pollinated plants. 27747987 6 56 theme PG 1045:1046 arg1 evolution 1048:1056 PG evolution 1045:1056 PG evolution 1045:1056 Further, we show that NSP and PG evolution are correlated - in a manner dictated by pollinator behaviour. 25882933 14 0 theme gene 2366:2369 arg1 expression 2371:2380 chondrogenic gene expression 2353:2380 chondrogenic gene expression 2353:2380 CONCLUSION BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocytes composites enhanced in vitro chondrocyte proliferation and extracellular matrix greatly, and can promote chondrogenic gene expression. 25882933 1 1 theme porous 361:366 arg1 composites 389:398 porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites 361:398 porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites 361:398 OBJECTIVE To study the influence of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) on chondrocyte secretion and expression of type II collagen (Col-II), aggrecan (AGG) and SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9) mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites. 25882933 8 2 from hours 1284:1288 arg1 spindle-shaped 1263:1276 spindle-shaped 1263:1276 spindle-shaped 1263:1276 RESULTS The chondrocytes were spindle-shaped in 24 hours of primary cell culture and most cells became polygonal shaped in 4 days. 25882933 8 2 from hours 1284:1288 arg1 chondrocytes 1245:1256 The chondrocytes 1241:1256 The chondrocytes 1241:1256 RESULTS The chondrocytes were spindle-shaped in 24 hours of primary cell culture and most cells became polygonal shaped in 4 days. 25882933 10 3 theme CCK-8 1477:1481 arg1 assay 1483:1487 CCK-8 assay 1477:1487 CCK-8 assay 1477:1487 The result of CCK-8 assay showed that the level of cell proliferation in 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups were higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05). 25882933 12 4 from chondrocytes 1885:1896 arg1 groups 1916:1921 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups 1901:1921 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups 1901:1921 DMMB quantitative determination of GAG showed that GAG amount of chondrocytes in 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups was significantly higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05). 25882933 3 5 theme control 647:653 arg1 group 655:659 control group 647:659 control group (tantalum/chondrocyte) 647:682 The 2nd generation of chondrocytes with 1×10(6)/mL inoculate concentration was seeded in porous tantalum and divided into 4 groups, and control group (tantalum/chondrocyte), 50 μg/L BMP-7 group (50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), 100 μg/L BMP-7 group (100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), and 200 μg/L BMP-7 group (200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte). 25882933 3 5 theme control 647:653 arg1 groups 635:640 4 groups 633:640 4 groups 633:640 The 2nd generation of chondrocytes with 1×10(6)/mL inoculate concentration was seeded in porous tantalum and divided into 4 groups, and control group (tantalum/chondrocyte), 50 μg/L BMP-7 group (50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), 100 μg/L BMP-7 group (100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), and 200 μg/L BMP-7 group (200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte). 25882933 3 5 theme control 647:653 arg1 tantalum/chondrocyte 662:681 tantalum/chondrocyte 662:681 tantalum/chondrocyte 662:681 The 2nd generation of chondrocytes with 1×10(6)/mL inoculate concentration was seeded in porous tantalum and divided into 4 groups, and control group (tantalum/chondrocyte), 50 μg/L BMP-7 group (50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), 100 μg/L BMP-7 group (100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), and 200 μg/L BMP-7 group (200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte). 25882933 13 6 theme Col-II 2008:2013 arg1 expressions 1993:2003 The expressions 1989:2003 The expressions of Col-II, AGG and Sox9 mRNA in chondrocytes 1989:2048 The expressions of Col-II, AGG and Sox9 mRNA in chondrocytes were up-regulated in the experimental groups, compared with the control group and the best effect appeared when concentration of BMP-7 was 200 μg/L. (P<0.05). 25882933 12 7 from amount 1875:1880 arg1 groups 1916:1921 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups 1901:1921 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups 1901:1921 DMMB quantitative determination of GAG showed that GAG amount of chondrocytes in 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups was significantly higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05). 25882933 14 8 theme chondrogenic 2353:2364 arg1 expression 2371:2380 chondrogenic gene expression 2353:2380 chondrogenic gene expression 2353:2380 CONCLUSION BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocytes composites enhanced in vitro chondrocyte proliferation and extracellular matrix greatly, and can promote chondrogenic gene expression. 25882933 3 9 theme 50 685:686 arg1 μg/L 688:691 μg/L 688:691 μg/L 688:691 The 2nd generation of chondrocytes with 1×10(6)/mL inoculate concentration was seeded in porous tantalum and divided into 4 groups, and control group (tantalum/chondrocyte), 50 μg/L BMP-7 group (50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), 100 μg/L BMP-7 group (100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), and 200 μg/L BMP-7 group (200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte). 25882933 3 10 theme chondrocytes 533:544 arg1 generation 519:528 The 2nd generation 511:528 The 2nd generation of chondrocytes with 1×10(6)/mL inoculate concentration 511:584 The 2nd generation of chondrocytes with 1×10(6)/mL inoculate concentration was seeded in porous tantalum and divided into 4 groups, and control group (tantalum/chondrocyte), 50 μg/L BMP-7 group (50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), 100 μg/L BMP-7 group (100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), and 200 μg/L BMP-7 group (200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte). 25882933 8 11 from shaped 1346:1351 arg1 days 1358:1361 4 days 1356:1361 4 days 1356:1361 RESULTS The chondrocytes were spindle-shaped in 24 hours of primary cell culture and most cells became polygonal shaped in 4 days. 25882933 12 12 theme GAG 1871:1873 arg1 chondrocytes 1885:1896 chondrocytes 1885:1896 chondrocytes in 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups 1885:1921 DMMB quantitative determination of GAG showed that GAG amount of chondrocytes in 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups was significantly higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05). 25882933 12 12 theme GAG 1871:1873 arg1 amount 1875:1880 GAG amount 1871:1880 GAG amount of chondrocytes in 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups 1871:1921 DMMB quantitative determination of GAG showed that GAG amount of chondrocytes in 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups was significantly higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05). 25882933 1 13 from expression 243:252 arg1 composites 389:398 porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites 361:398 porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites 361:398 OBJECTIVE To study the influence of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) on chondrocyte secretion and expression of type II collagen (Col-II), aggrecan (AGG) and SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9) mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites. 25882933 1 14 theme group-box 329:337 arg1 gene 339:342 SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 303:344 SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9) mRNA 303:356 OBJECTIVE To study the influence of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) on chondrocyte secretion and expression of type II collagen (Col-II), aggrecan (AGG) and SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9) mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites. 25882933 1 14 theme group-box 329:337 arg1 Sox9 347:350 Sox9 347:350 Sox9 347:350 OBJECTIVE To study the influence of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) on chondrocyte secretion and expression of type II collagen (Col-II), aggrecan (AGG) and SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9) mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites. 25882933 3 15 dep /mL 558:560 arg1 inoculate 562:570 inoculate 562:570 inoculate concentration 562:584 The 2nd generation of chondrocytes with 1×10(6)/mL inoculate concentration was seeded in porous tantalum and divided into 4 groups, and control group (tantalum/chondrocyte), 50 μg/L BMP-7 group (50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), 100 μg/L BMP-7 group (100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), and 200 μg/L BMP-7 group (200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte). 25882933 12 16 theme quantitative 1825:1836 arg1 determination 1838:1850 DMMB quantitative determination 1820:1850 DMMB quantitative determination of GAG 1820:1857 DMMB quantitative determination of GAG showed that GAG amount of chondrocytes in 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups was significantly higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05). 25882933 10 17 theme proliferation 1519:1531 arg1 higher 1563:1568 higher 1563:1568 higher 1563:1568 The result of CCK-8 assay showed that the level of cell proliferation in 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups were higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05). 25882933 10 17 theme proliferation 1519:1531 arg1 level 1505:1509 the level 1501:1509 the level of cell proliferation in 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups 1501:1556 The result of CCK-8 assay showed that the level of cell proliferation in 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups were higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05). 25882933 1 18 from secretion 229:237 arg1 composites 389:398 porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites 361:398 porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites 361:398 OBJECTIVE To study the influence of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) on chondrocyte secretion and expression of type II collagen (Col-II), aggrecan (AGG) and SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9) mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites. 25882933 1 19 theme protein-7 196:204 arg1 influence 164:172 the influence 160:172 the influence of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) on chondrocyte secretion and expression of type II collagen (Col-II), aggrecan (AGG) and SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9) mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites 160:398 OBJECTIVE To study the influence of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) on chondrocyte secretion and expression of type II collagen (Col-II), aggrecan (AGG) and SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9) mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites. 25882933 13 20 from expressions 1993:2003 arg1 chondrocytes 2037:2048 chondrocytes 2037:2048 chondrocytes 2037:2048 The expressions of Col-II, AGG and Sox9 mRNA in chondrocytes were up-regulated in the experimental groups, compared with the control group and the best effect appeared when concentration of BMP-7 was 200 μg/L. (P<0.05). 25882933 6 21 theme quantification 1136:1149 arg1 method 1151:1156 dimethyl methylene blue (DMMB) colorimetric quantification method 1092:1156 dimethyl methylene blue (DMMB) colorimetric quantification method 1092:1156 The synthesis of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in chondrocytes was tested by dimethyl methylene blue (DMMB) colorimetric quantification method. 25882933 3 22 theme BMP-7 693:697 arg1 group 699:703 50 μg/L BMP-7 group 685:703 50 μg/L BMP-7 group (50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte) 685:740 The 2nd generation of chondrocytes with 1×10(6)/mL inoculate concentration was seeded in porous tantalum and divided into 4 groups, and control group (tantalum/chondrocyte), 50 μg/L BMP-7 group (50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), 100 μg/L BMP-7 group (100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), and 200 μg/L BMP-7 group (200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte). 25882933 3 22 theme BMP-7 693:697 arg1 BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte 714:739 50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte 706:739 50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte 706:739 The 2nd generation of chondrocytes with 1×10(6)/mL inoculate concentration was seeded in porous tantalum and divided into 4 groups, and control group (tantalum/chondrocyte), 50 μg/L BMP-7 group (50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), 100 μg/L BMP-7 group (100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), and 200 μg/L BMP-7 group (200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte). 25882933 3 22 theme BMP-7 693:697 arg1 groups 635:640 4 groups 633:640 4 groups 633:640 The 2nd generation of chondrocytes with 1×10(6)/mL inoculate concentration was seeded in porous tantalum and divided into 4 groups, and control group (tantalum/chondrocyte), 50 μg/L BMP-7 group (50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), 100 μg/L BMP-7 group (100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), and 200 μg/L BMP-7 group (200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte). 25882933 11 23 with scaffolds 1659:1667 arg1 BMP-7 1674:1678 BMP-7 1674:1678 BMP-7 1674:1678 The chondrocytes implanted into porous tantalum scaffolds with BMP-7 had better functions, by which cytoplasmic processes developed and extended to the surface and inner of porous tantalum by SEM observation. 25882933 3 24 theme μg/L 769:772 arg1 BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte 774:799 100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte 765:799 100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte 765:799 The 2nd generation of chondrocytes with 1×10(6)/mL inoculate concentration was seeded in porous tantalum and divided into 4 groups, and control group (tantalum/chondrocyte), 50 μg/L BMP-7 group (50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), 100 μg/L BMP-7 group (100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), and 200 μg/L BMP-7 group (200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte). 25882933 3 24 theme μg/L 769:772 arg1 group 758:762 100 μg/L BMP-7 group 743:762 100 μg/L BMP-7 group (100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte) 743:800 The 2nd generation of chondrocytes with 1×10(6)/mL inoculate concentration was seeded in porous tantalum and divided into 4 groups, and control group (tantalum/chondrocyte), 50 μg/L BMP-7 group (50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), 100 μg/L BMP-7 group (100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), and 200 μg/L BMP-7 group (200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte). 25882933 12 25 theme other 1966:1970 arg1 P<0.05 1980:1985 P<0.05 1980:1985 P<0.05 1980:1985 DMMB quantitative determination of GAG showed that GAG amount of chondrocytes in 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups was significantly higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05). 25882933 12 25 theme other 1966:1970 arg1 groups 1972:1977 the other groups 1962:1977 the other groups (P<0.05) 1962:1986 DMMB quantitative determination of GAG showed that GAG amount of chondrocytes in 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups was significantly higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05). 25882933 1 26 theme mRNA 353:356 arg1 secretion 229:237 chondrocyte secretion 217:237 chondrocyte secretion 217:237 OBJECTIVE To study the influence of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) on chondrocyte secretion and expression of type II collagen (Col-II), aggrecan (AGG) and SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9) mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites. 25882933 1 26 theme mRNA 353:356 arg1 expression 243:252 expression 243:252 expression of type II collagen (Col-II), aggrecan (AGG) and SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9) mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites 243:398 OBJECTIVE To study the influence of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) on chondrocyte secretion and expression of type II collagen (Col-II), aggrecan (AGG) and SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9) mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites. 25882933 2 27 theme 3-week-old 455:464 arg1 rabbits 487:493 3-week-old New Zealand immature rabbits 455:493 3-week-old New Zealand immature rabbits 455:493 METHODS The articular chondrocytes were isolated from 3-week-old New Zealand immature rabbits and identified. 25882933 3 28 theme μg/L 709:712 arg1 group 699:703 50 μg/L BMP-7 group 685:703 50 μg/L BMP-7 group (50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte) 685:740 The 2nd generation of chondrocytes with 1×10(6)/mL inoculate concentration was seeded in porous tantalum and divided into 4 groups, and control group (tantalum/chondrocyte), 50 μg/L BMP-7 group (50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), 100 μg/L BMP-7 group (100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), and 200 μg/L BMP-7 group (200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte). 25882933 3 28 theme μg/L 709:712 arg1 BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte 714:739 50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte 706:739 50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte 706:739 The 2nd generation of chondrocytes with 1×10(6)/mL inoculate concentration was seeded in porous tantalum and divided into 4 groups, and control group (tantalum/chondrocyte), 50 μg/L BMP-7 group (50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), 100 μg/L BMP-7 group (100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), and 200 μg/L BMP-7 group (200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte). 25882933 8 29 from days 1358:1361 arg1 shaped 1346:1351 shaped 1346:1351 shaped 1346:1351 RESULTS The chondrocytes were spindle-shaped in 24 hours of primary cell culture and most cells became polygonal shaped in 4 days. 25882933 1 30 theme aggrecan 284:291 arg1 secretion 229:237 chondrocyte secretion 217:237 chondrocyte secretion 217:237 OBJECTIVE To study the influence of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) on chondrocyte secretion and expression of type II collagen (Col-II), aggrecan (AGG) and SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9) mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites. 25882933 1 30 theme aggrecan 284:291 arg1 expression 243:252 expression 243:252 expression of type II collagen (Col-II), aggrecan (AGG) and SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9) mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites 243:398 OBJECTIVE To study the influence of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) on chondrocyte secretion and expression of type II collagen (Col-II), aggrecan (AGG) and SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9) mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites. 25882933 3 31 theme BMP-7 752:756 arg1 BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte 774:799 100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte 765:799 100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte 765:799 The 2nd generation of chondrocytes with 1×10(6)/mL inoculate concentration was seeded in porous tantalum and divided into 4 groups, and control group (tantalum/chondrocyte), 50 μg/L BMP-7 group (50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), 100 μg/L BMP-7 group (100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), and 200 μg/L BMP-7 group (200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte). 25882933 3 31 theme BMP-7 752:756 arg1 groups 635:640 4 groups 633:640 4 groups 633:640 The 2nd generation of chondrocytes with 1×10(6)/mL inoculate concentration was seeded in porous tantalum and divided into 4 groups, and control group (tantalum/chondrocyte), 50 μg/L BMP-7 group (50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), 100 μg/L BMP-7 group (100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), and 200 μg/L BMP-7 group (200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte). 25882933 3 31 theme BMP-7 752:756 arg1 group 758:762 100 μg/L BMP-7 group 743:762 100 μg/L BMP-7 group (100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte) 743:800 The 2nd generation of chondrocytes with 1×10(6)/mL inoculate concentration was seeded in porous tantalum and divided into 4 groups, and control group (tantalum/chondrocyte), 50 μg/L BMP-7 group (50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), 100 μg/L BMP-7 group (100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), and 200 μg/L BMP-7 group (200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte). 25882933 2 32 dep METHODS 401:407 arg1 chondrocytes 423:434 The articular chondrocytes 409:434 METHODS The articular chondrocytes 401:434 METHODS The articular chondrocytes were isolated from 3-week-old New Zealand immature rabbits and identified. 25882933 9 33 theme Col-II 1426:1431 arg1 immunocytochemistry 1433:1451 Col-II immunocytochemistry 1426:1451 Col-II immunocytochemistry 1426:1451 The chondrocytes were affirmed by alcian blue, safranin O and Col-II immunocytochemistry staining. 25882933 0 34 from [Influence 0:9 arg1 secretion 35:43 chondrocyte secretion 23:43 chondrocyte secretion 23:43 [Influence of BMP-7 on chondrocyte secretion and expression of Col-II,AGG and Sox9 mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites in vitro]. 25882933 0 34 from [Influence 0:9 arg1 expression 49:58 expression 49:58 expression of Col-II,AGG and Sox9 mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites 49:128 [Influence of BMP-7 on chondrocyte secretion and expression of Col-II,AGG and Sox9 mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites in vitro]. 25882933 9 35 dep blue 1405:1408 arg1 staining 1453:1460 staining 1453:1460 staining 1453:1460 The chondrocytes were affirmed by alcian blue, safranin O and Col-II immunocytochemistry staining. 25882933 3 36 theme 100 743:745 arg1 μg/L 747:750 μg/L 747:750 μg/L 747:750 The 2nd generation of chondrocytes with 1×10(6)/mL inoculate concentration was seeded in porous tantalum and divided into 4 groups, and control group (tantalum/chondrocyte), 50 μg/L BMP-7 group (50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), 100 μg/L BMP-7 group (100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), and 200 μg/L BMP-7 group (200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte). 25882933 2 37 theme Zealand 470:476 arg1 rabbits 487:493 3-week-old New Zealand immature rabbits 455:493 3-week-old New Zealand immature rabbits 455:493 METHODS The articular chondrocytes were isolated from 3-week-old New Zealand immature rabbits and identified. 25882933 11 38 theme porous 1784:1789 arg1 tantalum 1791:1798 porous tantalum 1784:1798 porous tantalum by SEM observation 1784:1817 The chondrocytes implanted into porous tantalum scaffolds with BMP-7 had better functions, by which cytoplasmic processes developed and extended to the surface and inner of porous tantalum by SEM observation. 25882933 0 39 theme mRNA 83:86 arg1 secretion 35:43 chondrocyte secretion 23:43 chondrocyte secretion 23:43 [Influence of BMP-7 on chondrocyte secretion and expression of Col-II,AGG and Sox9 mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites in vitro]. 25882933 0 39 theme mRNA 83:86 arg1 expression 49:58 expression 49:58 expression of Col-II,AGG and Sox9 mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites 49:128 [Influence of BMP-7 on chondrocyte secretion and expression of Col-II,AGG and Sox9 mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites in vitro]. 25882933 1 40 theme high 315:318 arg1 gene 339:342 SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 303:344 SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9) mRNA 303:356 OBJECTIVE To study the influence of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) on chondrocyte secretion and expression of type II collagen (Col-II), aggrecan (AGG) and SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9) mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites. 25882933 1 40 theme high 315:318 arg1 Sox9 347:350 Sox9 347:350 Sox9 347:350 OBJECTIVE To study the influence of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) on chondrocyte secretion and expression of type II collagen (Col-II), aggrecan (AGG) and SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9) mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites. 25882933 3 41 theme μg/L 811:814 arg1 group 822:826 200 μg/L BMP-7 group 807:826 200 μg/L BMP-7 group (200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte) 807:864 The 2nd generation of chondrocytes with 1×10(6)/mL inoculate concentration was seeded in porous tantalum and divided into 4 groups, and control group (tantalum/chondrocyte), 50 μg/L BMP-7 group (50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), 100 μg/L BMP-7 group (100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), and 200 μg/L BMP-7 group (200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte). 25882933 3 41 theme μg/L 811:814 arg1 BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte 838:863 200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte 829:863 200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte 829:863 The 2nd generation of chondrocytes with 1×10(6)/mL inoculate concentration was seeded in porous tantalum and divided into 4 groups, and control group (tantalum/chondrocyte), 50 μg/L BMP-7 group (50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), 100 μg/L BMP-7 group (100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), and 200 μg/L BMP-7 group (200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte). 25882933 3 41 theme μg/L 811:814 arg1 groups 635:640 4 groups 633:640 4 groups 633:640 The 2nd generation of chondrocytes with 1×10(6)/mL inoculate concentration was seeded in porous tantalum and divided into 4 groups, and control group (tantalum/chondrocyte), 50 μg/L BMP-7 group (50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), 100 μg/L BMP-7 group (100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), and 200 μg/L BMP-7 group (200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte). 25882933 13 42 dep up-regulated 2055:2066 arg1 P<0.05 2200:2205 P<0.05 2200:2205 P<0.05 2200:2205 The expressions of Col-II, AGG and Sox9 mRNA in chondrocytes were up-regulated in the experimental groups, compared with the control group and the best effect appeared when concentration of BMP-7 was 200 μg/L. (P<0.05). 25882933 10 43 theme μg/L 1540:1543 arg1 groups 1551:1556 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups 1536:1556 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups 1536:1556 The result of CCK-8 assay showed that the level of cell proliferation in 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups were higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05). 25882933 3 44 with generation 519:528 arg1 /mL 558:560 1×10(6)/mL 551:560 1×10(6)/mL inoculate concentration 551:584 The 2nd generation of chondrocytes with 1×10(6)/mL inoculate concentration was seeded in porous tantalum and divided into 4 groups, and control group (tantalum/chondrocyte), 50 μg/L BMP-7 group (50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), 100 μg/L BMP-7 group (100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), and 200 μg/L BMP-7 group (200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte). 25882933 13 45 theme experimental 2075:2086 arg1 groups 2088:2093 the experimental groups 2071:2093 the experimental groups 2071:2093 The expressions of Col-II, AGG and Sox9 mRNA in chondrocytes were up-regulated in the experimental groups, compared with the control group and the best effect appeared when concentration of BMP-7 was 200 μg/L. (P<0.05). 25882933 13 46 from AGG 2016:2018 arg1 chondrocytes 2037:2048 chondrocytes 2037:2048 chondrocytes 2037:2048 The expressions of Col-II, AGG and Sox9 mRNA in chondrocytes were up-regulated in the experimental groups, compared with the control group and the best effect appeared when concentration of BMP-7 was 200 μg/L. (P<0.05). 25882933 8 47 theme primary 1293:1299 arg1 culture 1306:1312 primary cell culture 1293:1312 primary cell culture 1293:1312 RESULTS The chondrocytes were spindle-shaped in 24 hours of primary cell culture and most cells became polygonal shaped in 4 days. 25882933 0 48 theme BMP-7 14:18 arg1 [Influence 0:9 [Influence 0:9 [Influence of BMP-7 on chondrocyte secretion and expression of Col-II,AGG and Sox9 mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites in vitro 0:137 [Influence of BMP-7 on chondrocyte secretion and expression of Col-II,AGG and Sox9 mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites in vitro]. 25882933 7 49 theme real-time 1218:1226 arg1 PCR 1228:1230 real-time PCR 1218:1230 real-time PCR 1218:1230 Col-II, AGG and Sox9 mRNA in chondrocytes were detected by real-time PCR. 25882933 13 50 from Col-II 2008:2013 arg1 chondrocytes 2037:2048 chondrocytes 2037:2048 chondrocytes 2037:2048 The expressions of Col-II, AGG and Sox9 mRNA in chondrocytes were up-regulated in the experimental groups, compared with the control group and the best effect appeared when concentration of BMP-7 was 200 μg/L. (P<0.05). 25882933 3 51 theme porous 600:605 arg1 tantalum 607:614 porous tantalum 600:614 porous tantalum 600:614 The 2nd generation of chondrocytes with 1×10(6)/mL inoculate concentration was seeded in porous tantalum and divided into 4 groups, and control group (tantalum/chondrocyte), 50 μg/L BMP-7 group (50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), 100 μg/L BMP-7 group (100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), and 200 μg/L BMP-7 group (200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte). 25882933 8 52 theme culture 1306:1312 arg1 hours 1284:1288 24 hours 1281:1288 24 hours of primary cell culture 1281:1312 RESULTS The chondrocytes were spindle-shaped in 24 hours of primary cell culture and most cells became polygonal shaped in 4 days. 25882933 0 53 theme chondrocyte 23:33 arg1 secretion 35:43 chondrocyte secretion 23:43 chondrocyte secretion 23:43 [Influence of BMP-7 on chondrocyte secretion and expression of Col-II,AGG and Sox9 mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites in vitro]. 25882933 2 54 theme articular 413:421 arg1 chondrocytes 423:434 The articular chondrocytes 409:434 METHODS The articular chondrocytes 401:434 METHODS The articular chondrocytes were isolated from 3-week-old New Zealand immature rabbits and identified. 25882933 8 55 dep RESULTS 1233:1239 arg1 spindle-shaped 1263:1276 spindle-shaped 1263:1276 spindle-shaped 1263:1276 RESULTS The chondrocytes were spindle-shaped in 24 hours of primary cell culture and most cells became polygonal shaped in 4 days. 25882933 8 55 dep RESULTS 1233:1239 arg1 became 1329:1334 became 1329:1334 became polygonal shaped in 4 days 1329:1361 RESULTS The chondrocytes were spindle-shaped in 24 hours of primary cell culture and most cells became polygonal shaped in 4 days. 25882933 8 55 dep RESULTS 1233:1239 arg1 chondrocytes 1245:1256 The chondrocytes 1241:1256 The chondrocytes 1241:1256 RESULTS The chondrocytes were spindle-shaped in 24 hours of primary cell culture and most cells became polygonal shaped in 4 days. 25882933 8 56 theme most 1318:1321 arg1 cells 1323:1327 most cells 1318:1327 most cells 1318:1327 RESULTS The chondrocytes were spindle-shaped in 24 hours of primary cell culture and most cells became polygonal shaped in 4 days. 25882933 14 57 theme extracellular 2307:2319 arg1 matrix 2321:2326 extracellular matrix 2307:2326 extracellular matrix 2307:2326 CONCLUSION BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocytes composites enhanced in vitro chondrocyte proliferation and extracellular matrix greatly, and can promote chondrogenic gene expression. 25882933 8 58 from spindle-shaped 1263:1276 arg1 hours 1284:1288 24 hours 1281:1288 24 hours of primary cell culture 1281:1312 RESULTS The chondrocytes were spindle-shaped in 24 hours of primary cell culture and most cells became polygonal shaped in 4 days. 25882933 13 59 theme Sox9 2024:2027 arg1 mRNA 2029:2032 Sox9 mRNA 2024:2032 Sox9 mRNA 2024:2032 The expressions of Col-II, AGG and Sox9 mRNA in chondrocytes were up-regulated in the experimental groups, compared with the control group and the best effect appeared when concentration of BMP-7 was 200 μg/L. (P<0.05). 25882933 11 60 contain had 1680:1682 arg2 functions 1691:1699 better functions 1684:1699 better functions 1684:1699 The chondrocytes implanted into porous tantalum scaffolds with BMP-7 had better functions, by which cytoplasmic processes developed and extended to the surface and inner of porous tantalum by SEM observation. 25882933 11 60 contain had 1680:1682 arg1 chondrocytes 1615:1626 The chondrocytes 1611:1626 The chondrocytes implanted into porous tantalum scaffolds with BMP-7 1611:1678 The chondrocytes implanted into porous tantalum scaffolds with BMP-7 had better functions, by which cytoplasmic processes developed and extended to the surface and inner of porous tantalum by SEM observation. 25882933 12 61 theme 100 1901:1903 arg1 μg/L 1905:1908 μg/L 1905:1908 μg/L 1905:1908 DMMB quantitative determination of GAG showed that GAG amount of chondrocytes in 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups was significantly higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05). 25882933 12 62 from groups 1916:1921 arg1 chondrocytes 1885:1896 chondrocytes 1885:1896 chondrocytes in 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups 1885:1921 DMMB quantitative determination of GAG showed that GAG amount of chondrocytes in 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups was significantly higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05). 25882933 12 62 from groups 1916:1921 arg1 amount 1875:1880 GAG amount 1871:1880 GAG amount of chondrocytes in 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups 1871:1921 DMMB quantitative determination of GAG showed that GAG amount of chondrocytes in 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups was significantly higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05). 25882933 1 63 theme chondrocyte 217:227 arg1 secretion 229:237 chondrocyte secretion 217:237 chondrocyte secretion 217:237 OBJECTIVE To study the influence of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) on chondrocyte secretion and expression of type II collagen (Col-II), aggrecan (AGG) and SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9) mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites. 25882933 12 64 theme BMP-7 1910:1914 arg1 groups 1916:1921 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups 1901:1921 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups 1901:1921 DMMB quantitative determination of GAG showed that GAG amount of chondrocytes in 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups was significantly higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05). 25882933 10 65 from level 1505:1509 arg1 groups 1551:1556 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups 1536:1556 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups 1536:1556 The result of CCK-8 assay showed that the level of cell proliferation in 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups were higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05). 25882933 7 66 from Col-II 1159:1164 arg1 chondrocytes 1188:1199 chondrocytes 1188:1199 chondrocytes 1188:1199 Col-II, AGG and Sox9 mRNA in chondrocytes were detected by real-time PCR. 25882933 10 67 theme assay 1483:1487 arg1 result 1467:1472 The result 1463:1472 The result of CCK-8 assay 1463:1487 The result of CCK-8 assay showed that the level of cell proliferation in 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups were higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05). 25882933 1 68 theme tantalum-chondrocyte 368:387 arg1 composites 389:398 porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites 361:398 porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites 361:398 OBJECTIVE To study the influence of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) on chondrocyte secretion and expression of type II collagen (Col-II), aggrecan (AGG) and SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9) mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites. 25882933 13 69 theme AGG 2016:2018 arg1 expressions 1993:2003 The expressions 1989:2003 The expressions of Col-II, AGG and Sox9 mRNA in chondrocytes 1989:2048 The expressions of Col-II, AGG and Sox9 mRNA in chondrocytes were up-regulated in the experimental groups, compared with the control group and the best effect appeared when concentration of BMP-7 was 200 μg/L. (P<0.05). 25882933 7 70 from AGG 1167:1169 arg1 chondrocytes 1188:1199 chondrocytes 1188:1199 chondrocytes 1188:1199 Col-II, AGG and Sox9 mRNA in chondrocytes were detected by real-time PCR. 25882933 13 71 theme BMP-7 2179:2183 arg1 concentration 2162:2174 concentration 2162:2174 concentration of BMP-7 2162:2183 The expressions of Col-II, AGG and Sox9 mRNA in chondrocytes were up-regulated in the experimental groups, compared with the control group and the best effect appeared when concentration of BMP-7 was 200 μg/L. (P<0.05). 25882933 12 72 theme chondrocytes 1885:1896 arg1 chondrocytes 1885:1896 chondrocytes 1885:1896 chondrocytes in 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups 1885:1921 DMMB quantitative determination of GAG showed that GAG amount of chondrocytes in 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups was significantly higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05). 25882933 12 72 theme chondrocytes 1885:1896 arg1 amount 1875:1880 GAG amount 1871:1880 GAG amount of chondrocytes in 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups 1871:1921 DMMB quantitative determination of GAG showed that GAG amount of chondrocytes in 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups was significantly higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05). 25882933 7 73 from Sox9 1175:1178 arg1 chondrocytes 1188:1199 chondrocytes 1188:1199 chondrocytes 1188:1199 Col-II, AGG and Sox9 mRNA in chondrocytes were detected by real-time PCR. 25882933 11 74 theme better 1684:1689 arg1 functions 1691:1699 better functions 1684:1699 better functions 1684:1699 The chondrocytes implanted into porous tantalum scaffolds with BMP-7 had better functions, by which cytoplasmic processes developed and extended to the surface and inner of porous tantalum by SEM observation. 25882933 12 75 theme GAG 1855:1857 arg1 determination 1838:1850 DMMB quantitative determination 1820:1850 DMMB quantitative determination of GAG 1820:1857 DMMB quantitative determination of GAG showed that GAG amount of chondrocytes in 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups was significantly higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05). 25882933 3 76 theme μg/L 688:691 arg1 group 699:703 50 μg/L BMP-7 group 685:703 50 μg/L BMP-7 group (50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte) 685:740 The 2nd generation of chondrocytes with 1×10(6)/mL inoculate concentration was seeded in porous tantalum and divided into 4 groups, and control group (tantalum/chondrocyte), 50 μg/L BMP-7 group (50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), 100 μg/L BMP-7 group (100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), and 200 μg/L BMP-7 group (200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte). 25882933 3 76 theme μg/L 688:691 arg1 BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte 714:739 50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte 706:739 50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte 706:739 The 2nd generation of chondrocytes with 1×10(6)/mL inoculate concentration was seeded in porous tantalum and divided into 4 groups, and control group (tantalum/chondrocyte), 50 μg/L BMP-7 group (50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), 100 μg/L BMP-7 group (100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), and 200 μg/L BMP-7 group (200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte). 25882933 3 76 theme μg/L 688:691 arg1 groups 635:640 4 groups 633:640 4 groups 633:640 The 2nd generation of chondrocytes with 1×10(6)/mL inoculate concentration was seeded in porous tantalum and divided into 4 groups, and control group (tantalum/chondrocyte), 50 μg/L BMP-7 group (50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), 100 μg/L BMP-7 group (100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), and 200 μg/L BMP-7 group (200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte). 25882933 0 77 theme tantalum-chondrocyte 98:117 arg1 composites 119:128 porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites 91:128 porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites 91:128 [Influence of BMP-7 on chondrocyte secretion and expression of Col-II,AGG and Sox9 mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites in vitro]. 25882933 3 78 theme 2nd 515:517 arg1 generation 519:528 The 2nd generation 511:528 The 2nd generation of chondrocytes with 1×10(6)/mL inoculate concentration 511:584 The 2nd generation of chondrocytes with 1×10(6)/mL inoculate concentration was seeded in porous tantalum and divided into 4 groups, and control group (tantalum/chondrocyte), 50 μg/L BMP-7 group (50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), 100 μg/L BMP-7 group (100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), and 200 μg/L BMP-7 group (200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte). 25882933 11 79 theme porous 1643:1648 arg1 scaffolds 1659:1667 porous tantalum scaffolds 1643:1667 porous tantalum scaffolds with BMP-7 1643:1678 The chondrocytes implanted into porous tantalum scaffolds with BMP-7 had better functions, by which cytoplasmic processes developed and extended to the surface and inner of porous tantalum by SEM observation. 25882933 1 80 theme gene 339:342 arg1 mRNA 353:356 SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9) mRNA 303:356 SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9) mRNA 303:356 OBJECTIVE To study the influence of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) on chondrocyte secretion and expression of type II collagen (Col-II), aggrecan (AGG) and SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9) mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites. 25882933 1 81 theme morphogenetic 182:194 arg1 BMP-7 207:211 BMP-7 207:211 BMP-7 207:211 OBJECTIVE To study the influence of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) on chondrocyte secretion and expression of type II collagen (Col-II), aggrecan (AGG) and SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9) mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites. 25882933 1 81 theme morphogenetic 182:194 arg1 protein-7 196:204 bone morphogenetic protein-7 177:204 bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) 177:212 OBJECTIVE To study the influence of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) on chondrocyte secretion and expression of type II collagen (Col-II), aggrecan (AGG) and SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9) mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites. 25882933 12 82 theme DMMB 1820:1823 arg1 determination 1838:1850 DMMB quantitative determination 1820:1850 DMMB quantitative determination of GAG 1820:1857 DMMB quantitative determination of GAG showed that GAG amount of chondrocytes in 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups was significantly higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05). 25882933 14 83 dep in 2268:2269 arg1 vitro 2271:2275 vitro 2271:2275 vitro 2271:2275 CONCLUSION BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocytes composites enhanced in vitro chondrocyte proliferation and extracellular matrix greatly, and can promote chondrogenic gene expression. 25882933 10 84 theme cell 1514:1517 arg1 proliferation 1519:1531 cell proliferation 1514:1531 cell proliferation 1514:1531 The result of CCK-8 assay showed that the level of cell proliferation in 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups were higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05). 25882933 11 85 theme cytoplasmic 1711:1721 arg1 processes 1723:1731 cytoplasmic processes 1711:1731 cytoplasmic processes 1711:1731 The chondrocytes implanted into porous tantalum scaffolds with BMP-7 had better functions, by which cytoplasmic processes developed and extended to the surface and inner of porous tantalum by SEM observation. 25882933 6 86 theme colorimetric 1123:1134 arg1 method 1151:1156 dimethyl methylene blue (DMMB) colorimetric quantification method 1092:1156 dimethyl methylene blue (DMMB) colorimetric quantification method 1092:1156 The synthesis of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in chondrocytes was tested by dimethyl methylene blue (DMMB) colorimetric quantification method. 25882933 6 87 dep blue 1111:1114 arg1 DMMB 1117:1120 DMMB 1117:1120 DMMB 1117:1120 The synthesis of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in chondrocytes was tested by dimethyl methylene blue (DMMB) colorimetric quantification method. 25882933 13 88 theme best 2136:2139 arg1 effect 2141:2146 the best effect 2132:2146 the best effect 2132:2146 The expressions of Col-II, AGG and Sox9 mRNA in chondrocytes were up-regulated in the experimental groups, compared with the control group and the best effect appeared when concentration of BMP-7 was 200 μg/L. (P<0.05). 25882933 0 89 theme Col-II 63:68 arg1 secretion 35:43 chondrocyte secretion 23:43 chondrocyte secretion 23:43 [Influence of BMP-7 on chondrocyte secretion and expression of Col-II,AGG and Sox9 mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites in vitro]. 25882933 0 89 theme Col-II 63:68 arg1 expression 49:58 expression 49:58 expression of Col-II,AGG and Sox9 mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites 49:128 [Influence of BMP-7 on chondrocyte secretion and expression of Col-II,AGG and Sox9 mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites in vitro]. 25882933 5 90 theme scanning 985:992 arg1 microscopy 1003:1012 scanning electron microscopy 985:1012 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 985:1018 The chondrocyte growth and morphology were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25882933 5 90 theme scanning 985:992 arg1 SEM 1015:1017 SEM 1015:1017 SEM 1015:1017 The chondrocyte growth and morphology were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25882933 1 91 from influence 164:172 arg1 secretion 229:237 chondrocyte secretion 217:237 chondrocyte secretion 217:237 OBJECTIVE To study the influence of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) on chondrocyte secretion and expression of type II collagen (Col-II), aggrecan (AGG) and SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9) mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites. 25882933 1 91 from influence 164:172 arg1 expression 243:252 expression 243:252 expression of type II collagen (Col-II), aggrecan (AGG) and SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9) mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites 243:398 OBJECTIVE To study the influence of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) on chondrocyte secretion and expression of type II collagen (Col-II), aggrecan (AGG) and SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9) mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites. 25882933 9 92 theme safranin 1411:1418 arg1 O 1420:1420 safranin O 1411:1420 safranin O 1411:1420 The chondrocytes were affirmed by alcian blue, safranin O and Col-II immunocytochemistry staining. 25882933 4 93 theme chondrocytes 888:899 arg1 proliferation 871:883 The proliferation 867:883 The proliferation of chondrocytes 867:899 The proliferation of chondrocytes was measured by CCK-8 assay. 25882933 6 94 theme blue 1111:1114 arg1 method 1151:1156 dimethyl methylene blue (DMMB) colorimetric quantification method 1092:1156 dimethyl methylene blue (DMMB) colorimetric quantification method 1092:1156 The synthesis of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in chondrocytes was tested by dimethyl methylene blue (DMMB) colorimetric quantification method. 25882933 0 95 theme AGG 70:72 arg1 secretion 35:43 chondrocyte secretion 23:43 chondrocyte secretion 23:43 [Influence of BMP-7 on chondrocyte secretion and expression of Col-II,AGG and Sox9 mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites in vitro]. 25882933 0 95 theme AGG 70:72 arg1 expression 49:58 expression 49:58 expression of Col-II,AGG and Sox9 mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites 49:128 [Influence of BMP-7 on chondrocyte secretion and expression of Col-II,AGG and Sox9 mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites in vitro]. 25882933 2 96 attach isolated 441:448 arg2 METHODS 401:407 METHODS The articular chondrocytes 401:434 METHODS The articular chondrocytes 401:434 METHODS The articular chondrocytes were isolated from 3-week-old New Zealand immature rabbits and identified. 25882933 2 96 attach isolated 441:448 arg1 rabbits 487:493 3-week-old New Zealand immature rabbits 455:493 3-week-old New Zealand immature rabbits 455:493 METHODS The articular chondrocytes were isolated from 3-week-old New Zealand immature rabbits and identified. 25882933 13 97 theme control 2114:2120 arg1 group 2122:2126 the control group 2110:2126 the control group 2110:2126 The expressions of Col-II, AGG and Sox9 mRNA in chondrocytes were up-regulated in the experimental groups, compared with the control group and the best effect appeared when concentration of BMP-7 was 200 μg/L. (P<0.05). 25882933 3 98 theme 200 807:809 arg1 μg/L 811:814 μg/L 811:814 μg/L 811:814 The 2nd generation of chondrocytes with 1×10(6)/mL inoculate concentration was seeded in porous tantalum and divided into 4 groups, and control group (tantalum/chondrocyte), 50 μg/L BMP-7 group (50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), 100 μg/L BMP-7 group (100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), and 200 μg/L BMP-7 group (200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte). 25882933 0 99 theme porous 91:96 arg1 composites 119:128 porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites 91:128 porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites 91:128 [Influence of BMP-7 on chondrocyte secretion and expression of Col-II,AGG and Sox9 mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites in vitro]. 25882933 5 100 theme electron 994:1001 arg1 microscopy 1003:1012 scanning electron microscopy 985:1012 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 985:1018 The chondrocyte growth and morphology were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25882933 5 100 theme electron 994:1001 arg1 SEM 1015:1017 SEM 1015:1017 SEM 1015:1017 The chondrocyte growth and morphology were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25882933 0 101 theme Sox9 78:81 arg1 mRNA 83:86 Sox9 mRNA 78:86 Sox9 mRNA 78:86 [Influence of BMP-7 on chondrocyte secretion and expression of Col-II,AGG and Sox9 mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites in vitro]. 25882933 2 102 theme immature 478:485 arg1 rabbits 487:493 3-week-old New Zealand immature rabbits 455:493 3-week-old New Zealand immature rabbits 455:493 METHODS The articular chondrocytes were isolated from 3-week-old New Zealand immature rabbits and identified. 25882933 0 103 from expression 49:58 arg1 composites 119:128 porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites 91:128 porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites 91:128 [Influence of BMP-7 on chondrocyte secretion and expression of Col-II,AGG and Sox9 mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites in vitro]. 25882933 3 104 theme μg/L 747:750 arg1 BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte 774:799 100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte 765:799 100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte 765:799 The 2nd generation of chondrocytes with 1×10(6)/mL inoculate concentration was seeded in porous tantalum and divided into 4 groups, and control group (tantalum/chondrocyte), 50 μg/L BMP-7 group (50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), 100 μg/L BMP-7 group (100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), and 200 μg/L BMP-7 group (200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte). 25882933 3 104 theme μg/L 747:750 arg1 groups 635:640 4 groups 633:640 4 groups 633:640 The 2nd generation of chondrocytes with 1×10(6)/mL inoculate concentration was seeded in porous tantalum and divided into 4 groups, and control group (tantalum/chondrocyte), 50 μg/L BMP-7 group (50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), 100 μg/L BMP-7 group (100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), and 200 μg/L BMP-7 group (200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte). 25882933 3 104 theme μg/L 747:750 arg1 group 758:762 100 μg/L BMP-7 group 743:762 100 μg/L BMP-7 group (100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte) 743:800 The 2nd generation of chondrocytes with 1×10(6)/mL inoculate concentration was seeded in porous tantalum and divided into 4 groups, and control group (tantalum/chondrocyte), 50 μg/L BMP-7 group (50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), 100 μg/L BMP-7 group (100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), and 200 μg/L BMP-7 group (200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte). 25882933 1 105 theme SRY-related 303:313 arg1 gene 339:342 SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 303:344 SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9) mRNA 303:356 OBJECTIVE To study the influence of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) on chondrocyte secretion and expression of type II collagen (Col-II), aggrecan (AGG) and SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9) mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites. 25882933 1 105 theme SRY-related 303:313 arg1 Sox9 347:350 Sox9 347:350 Sox9 347:350 OBJECTIVE To study the influence of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) on chondrocyte secretion and expression of type II collagen (Col-II), aggrecan (AGG) and SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9) mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites. 25882933 1 106 theme bone 177:180 arg1 BMP-7 207:211 BMP-7 207:211 BMP-7 207:211 OBJECTIVE To study the influence of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) on chondrocyte secretion and expression of type II collagen (Col-II), aggrecan (AGG) and SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9) mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites. 25882933 1 106 theme bone 177:180 arg1 protein-7 196:204 bone morphogenetic protein-7 177:204 bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) 177:212 OBJECTIVE To study the influence of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) on chondrocyte secretion and expression of type II collagen (Col-II), aggrecan (AGG) and SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9) mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites. 25882933 2 107 theme New 466:468 arg1 rabbits 487:493 3-week-old New Zealand immature rabbits 455:493 3-week-old New Zealand immature rabbits 455:493 METHODS The articular chondrocytes were isolated from 3-week-old New Zealand immature rabbits and identified. 25882933 0 108 from secretion 35:43 arg1 composites 119:128 porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites 91:128 porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites 91:128 [Influence of BMP-7 on chondrocyte secretion and expression of Col-II,AGG and Sox9 mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites in vitro]. 25882933 10 109 theme BMP-7 1545:1549 arg1 groups 1551:1556 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups 1536:1556 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups 1536:1556 The result of CCK-8 assay showed that the level of cell proliferation in 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups were higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05). 25882933 1 110 theme mobility 320:327 arg1 gene 339:342 SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 303:344 SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9) mRNA 303:356 OBJECTIVE To study the influence of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) on chondrocyte secretion and expression of type II collagen (Col-II), aggrecan (AGG) and SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9) mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites. 25882933 1 110 theme mobility 320:327 arg1 Sox9 347:350 Sox9 347:350 Sox9 347:350 OBJECTIVE To study the influence of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) on chondrocyte secretion and expression of type II collagen (Col-II), aggrecan (AGG) and SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9) mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites. 25882933 7 111 dep Col-II 1159:1164 arg1 mRNA 1180:1183 mRNA 1180:1183 mRNA 1180:1183 Col-II, AGG and Sox9 mRNA in chondrocytes were detected by real-time PCR. 25882933 3 112 theme BMP-7 816:820 arg1 group 822:826 200 μg/L BMP-7 group 807:826 200 μg/L BMP-7 group (200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte) 807:864 The 2nd generation of chondrocytes with 1×10(6)/mL inoculate concentration was seeded in porous tantalum and divided into 4 groups, and control group (tantalum/chondrocyte), 50 μg/L BMP-7 group (50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), 100 μg/L BMP-7 group (100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), and 200 μg/L BMP-7 group (200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte). 25882933 3 112 theme BMP-7 816:820 arg1 BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte 838:863 200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte 829:863 200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte 829:863 The 2nd generation of chondrocytes with 1×10(6)/mL inoculate concentration was seeded in porous tantalum and divided into 4 groups, and control group (tantalum/chondrocyte), 50 μg/L BMP-7 group (50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), 100 μg/L BMP-7 group (100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), and 200 μg/L BMP-7 group (200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte). 25882933 3 112 theme BMP-7 816:820 arg1 groups 635:640 4 groups 633:640 4 groups 633:640 The 2nd generation of chondrocytes with 1×10(6)/mL inoculate concentration was seeded in porous tantalum and divided into 4 groups, and control group (tantalum/chondrocyte), 50 μg/L BMP-7 group (50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), 100 μg/L BMP-7 group (100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), and 200 μg/L BMP-7 group (200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte). 25882933 10 113 theme 100 1536:1538 arg1 μg/L 1540:1543 μg/L 1540:1543 μg/L 1540:1543 The result of CCK-8 assay showed that the level of cell proliferation in 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups were higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05). 25882933 1 114 theme type 257:260 arg1 Col-II 275:280 Col-II 275:280 Col-II 275:280 OBJECTIVE To study the influence of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) on chondrocyte secretion and expression of type II collagen (Col-II), aggrecan (AGG) and SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9) mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites. 25882933 1 114 theme type 257:260 arg1 collagen 265:272 type II collagen 257:272 type II collagen (Col-II) 257:281 OBJECTIVE To study the influence of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) on chondrocyte secretion and expression of type II collagen (Col-II), aggrecan (AGG) and SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9) mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites. 25882933 1 115 theme collagen 265:272 arg1 secretion 229:237 chondrocyte secretion 217:237 chondrocyte secretion 217:237 OBJECTIVE To study the influence of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) on chondrocyte secretion and expression of type II collagen (Col-II), aggrecan (AGG) and SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9) mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites. 25882933 1 115 theme collagen 265:272 arg1 expression 243:252 expression 243:252 expression of type II collagen (Col-II), aggrecan (AGG) and SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9) mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites 243:398 OBJECTIVE To study the influence of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) on chondrocyte secretion and expression of type II collagen (Col-II), aggrecan (AGG) and SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9) mRNA in porous tantalum-chondrocyte composites. 25882933 5 116 theme chondrocyte 934:944 arg1 growth 946:951 growth 946:951 growth 946:951 The chondrocyte growth and morphology were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25882933 3 117 theme μg/L 833:836 arg1 group 822:826 200 μg/L BMP-7 group 807:826 200 μg/L BMP-7 group (200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte) 807:864 The 2nd generation of chondrocytes with 1×10(6)/mL inoculate concentration was seeded in porous tantalum and divided into 4 groups, and control group (tantalum/chondrocyte), 50 μg/L BMP-7 group (50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), 100 μg/L BMP-7 group (100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), and 200 μg/L BMP-7 group (200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte). 25882933 3 117 theme μg/L 833:836 arg1 BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte 838:863 200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte 829:863 200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte 829:863 The 2nd generation of chondrocytes with 1×10(6)/mL inoculate concentration was seeded in porous tantalum and divided into 4 groups, and control group (tantalum/chondrocyte), 50 μg/L BMP-7 group (50 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), 100 μg/L BMP-7 group (100 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte), and 200 μg/L BMP-7 group (200 μg/L BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocyte). 25882933 4 118 theme CCK-8 917:921 arg1 assay 923:927 CCK-8 assay 917:927 CCK-8 assay 917:927 The proliferation of chondrocytes was measured by CCK-8 assay. 25882933 8 119 theme cell 1301:1304 arg1 culture 1306:1312 primary cell culture 1293:1312 primary cell culture 1293:1312 RESULTS The chondrocytes were spindle-shaped in 24 hours of primary cell culture and most cells became polygonal shaped in 4 days. 25882933 11 120 theme SEM 1803:1805 arg1 observation 1807:1817 SEM observation 1803:1817 SEM observation 1803:1817 The chondrocytes implanted into porous tantalum scaffolds with BMP-7 had better functions, by which cytoplasmic processes developed and extended to the surface and inner of porous tantalum by SEM observation. 25882933 11 121 theme tantalum 1650:1657 arg1 scaffolds 1659:1667 porous tantalum scaffolds 1643:1667 porous tantalum scaffolds with BMP-7 1643:1678 The chondrocytes implanted into porous tantalum scaffolds with BMP-7 had better functions, by which cytoplasmic processes developed and extended to the surface and inner of porous tantalum by SEM observation. 25882933 13 122 from chondrocytes 2037:2048 arg1 expressions 1993:2003 The expressions 1989:2003 The expressions of Col-II, AGG and Sox9 mRNA in chondrocytes 1989:2048 The expressions of Col-II, AGG and Sox9 mRNA in chondrocytes were up-regulated in the experimental groups, compared with the control group and the best effect appeared when concentration of BMP-7 was 200 μg/L. (P<0.05). 25882933 10 123 theme other 1588:1592 arg1 P<0.05 1602:1607 P<0.05 1602:1607 P<0.05 1602:1607 The result of CCK-8 assay showed that the level of cell proliferation in 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups were higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05). 25882933 10 123 theme other 1588:1592 arg1 groups 1594:1599 the other groups 1584:1599 the other groups (P<0.05) 1584:1608 The result of CCK-8 assay showed that the level of cell proliferation in 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups were higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05). 25882933 6 124 theme glycosaminoglycan 1038:1054 arg1 synthesis 1025:1033 The synthesis 1021:1033 The synthesis of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in chondrocytes 1021:1076 The synthesis of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in chondrocytes was tested by dimethyl methylene blue (DMMB) colorimetric quantification method. 25882933 14 125 theme in 2268:2269 arg1 proliferation 2289:2301 in vitro chondrocyte proliferation 2268:2301 in vitro chondrocyte proliferation 2268:2301 CONCLUSION BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocytes composites enhanced in vitro chondrocyte proliferation and extracellular matrix greatly, and can promote chondrogenic gene expression. 25882933 13 126 from mRNA 2029:2032 arg1 chondrocytes 2037:2048 chondrocytes 2037:2048 chondrocytes 2037:2048 The expressions of Col-II, AGG and Sox9 mRNA in chondrocytes were up-regulated in the experimental groups, compared with the control group and the best effect appeared when concentration of BMP-7 was 200 μg/L. (P<0.05). 25882933 14 127 theme chondrocyte 2277:2287 arg1 proliferation 2289:2301 in vitro chondrocyte proliferation 2268:2301 in vitro chondrocyte proliferation 2268:2301 CONCLUSION BMP-7/tantalum/chondrocytes composites enhanced in vitro chondrocyte proliferation and extracellular matrix greatly, and can promote chondrogenic gene expression. 25882933 13 128 theme mRNA 2029:2032 arg1 expressions 1993:2003 The expressions 1989:2003 The expressions of Col-II, AGG and Sox9 mRNA in chondrocytes 1989:2048 The expressions of Col-II, AGG and Sox9 mRNA in chondrocytes were up-regulated in the experimental groups, compared with the control group and the best effect appeared when concentration of BMP-7 was 200 μg/L. (P<0.05). 25882933 12 129 theme μg/L 1905:1908 arg1 groups 1916:1921 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups 1901:1921 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups 1901:1921 DMMB quantitative determination of GAG showed that GAG amount of chondrocytes in 100 μg/L BMP-7 groups was significantly higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05). 25882933 11 130 theme tantalum 1791:1798 arg1 surface 1763:1769 the surface 1759:1769 the surface 1759:1769 The chondrocytes implanted into porous tantalum scaffolds with BMP-7 had better functions, by which cytoplasmic processes developed and extended to the surface and inner of porous tantalum by SEM observation. 25882933 6 131 from synthesis 1025:1033 arg1 chondrocytes 1065:1076 chondrocytes 1065:1076 chondrocytes 1065:1076 The synthesis of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in chondrocytes was tested by dimethyl methylene blue (DMMB) colorimetric quantification method. 28488775 7 0 theme volatile 1033:1040 arg1 nitrogen 1047:1054 total volatile base nitrogen 1027:1054 total volatile base nitrogen 1027:1054 Using the total viable counts and total volatile base nitrogen as the judgment standard, S-MP-EVOH/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composite film could extend the shelf life of fish fillets by 4 d at 4 °C, compared with EVOH/PET film. 28488775 7 0 theme volatile 1033:1040 arg1 counts 1016:1021 the total viable counts 999:1021 the total viable counts 999:1021 Using the total viable counts and total volatile base nitrogen as the judgment standard, S-MP-EVOH/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composite film could extend the shelf life of fish fillets by 4 d at 4 °C, compared with EVOH/PET film. 28488775 7 0 theme volatile 1033:1040 arg1 standard 1072:1079 standard 1072:1079 standard 1072:1079 Using the total viable counts and total volatile base nitrogen as the judgment standard, S-MP-EVOH/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composite film could extend the shelf life of fish fillets by 4 d at 4 °C, compared with EVOH/PET film. 28488775 7 1 theme shelf 1157:1161 arg1 life 1163:1166 the shelf life 1153:1166 the shelf life of fish fillets 1153:1182 Using the total viable counts and total volatile base nitrogen as the judgment standard, S-MP-EVOH/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composite film could extend the shelf life of fish fillets by 4 d at 4 °C, compared with EVOH/PET film. 28488775 1 2 theme antibacterial 243:255 arg1 component 257:265 an antibacterial component 240:265 an antibacterial component of active ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) film 240:320 This paper discusses the possibility of using sorbic acid-chitosan microcapsules (S-MPs) as an antibacterial component of active ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) film. 28488775 1 2 theme antibacterial 243:255 arg1 microcapsules 215:227 sorbic acid-chitosan microcapsules 194:227 sorbic acid-chitosan microcapsules (S-MPs) 194:235 This paper discusses the possibility of using sorbic acid-chitosan microcapsules (S-MPs) as an antibacterial component of active ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) film. 28488775 3 3 theme S-MPs-EVOH 595:604 arg1 film 618:621 S-MPs-EVOH (S-MP-EVOH) film 595:621 S-MPs-EVOH (S-MP-EVOH) film 595:621 Addition of S-MPs (3%, w/w) increased the tensile strength, haze, oxygen, and water vapor barrier properties, as well as reduced the elongations at break and transmittance of S-MPs-EVOH (S-MP-EVOH) film. 28488775 7 4 theme base 1042:1045 arg1 nitrogen 1047:1054 total volatile base nitrogen 1027:1054 total volatile base nitrogen 1027:1054 Using the total viable counts and total volatile base nitrogen as the judgment standard, S-MP-EVOH/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composite film could extend the shelf life of fish fillets by 4 d at 4 °C, compared with EVOH/PET film. 28488775 7 4 theme base 1042:1045 arg1 counts 1016:1021 the total viable counts 999:1021 the total viable counts 999:1021 Using the total viable counts and total volatile base nitrogen as the judgment standard, S-MP-EVOH/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composite film could extend the shelf life of fish fillets by 4 d at 4 °C, compared with EVOH/PET film. 28488775 7 4 theme base 1042:1045 arg1 standard 1072:1079 standard 1072:1079 standard 1072:1079 Using the total viable counts and total volatile base nitrogen as the judgment standard, S-MP-EVOH/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composite film could extend the shelf life of fish fillets by 4 d at 4 °C, compared with EVOH/PET film. 28488775 5 5 theme S-MP-EVOH 898:906 arg1 film 908:911 S-MP-EVOH film 898:911 S-MP-EVOH film 898:911 Moreover, the antibacterial effect of sorbic acid-EVOH (S-EVOH) film was stronger than that of S-MP-EVOH film. 28488775 0 6 theme Vinyl 99:103 arg1 Film 123:126 Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer Film 90:126 Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer Film for Food Packaging 90:145 Effects of Sorbic Acid-Chitosan Microcapsules as Antimicrobial Agent on the Properties of Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer Film for Food Packaging. 28488775 0 7 from Effects 0:6 arg1 Properties 76:85 the Properties 72:85 the Properties of Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer Film for Food Packaging 72:145 Effects of Sorbic Acid-Chitosan Microcapsules as Antimicrobial Agent on the Properties of Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer Film for Food Packaging. 28488775 0 8 theme Ethylene 90:97 arg1 Film 123:126 Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer Film 90:126 Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer Film for Food Packaging 90:145 Effects of Sorbic Acid-Chitosan Microcapsules as Antimicrobial Agent on the Properties of Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer Film for Food Packaging. 28488775 7 9 theme total 1027:1031 arg1 nitrogen 1047:1054 total volatile base nitrogen 1027:1054 total volatile base nitrogen 1027:1054 Using the total viable counts and total volatile base nitrogen as the judgment standard, S-MP-EVOH/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composite film could extend the shelf life of fish fillets by 4 d at 4 °C, compared with EVOH/PET film. 28488775 7 9 theme total 1027:1031 arg1 counts 1016:1021 the total viable counts 999:1021 the total viable counts 999:1021 Using the total viable counts and total volatile base nitrogen as the judgment standard, S-MP-EVOH/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composite film could extend the shelf life of fish fillets by 4 d at 4 °C, compared with EVOH/PET film. 28488775 7 9 theme total 1027:1031 arg1 standard 1072:1079 standard 1072:1079 standard 1072:1079 Using the total viable counts and total volatile base nitrogen as the judgment standard, S-MP-EVOH/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composite film could extend the shelf life of fish fillets by 4 d at 4 °C, compared with EVOH/PET film. 28488775 1 10 theme active 270:275 arg1 alcohol 292:298 active ethylene vinyl alcohol 270:298 active ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) film 270:320 This paper discusses the possibility of using sorbic acid-chitosan microcapsules (S-MPs) as an antibacterial component of active ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) film. 28488775 0 11 theme Copolymer 113:121 arg1 Film 123:126 Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer Film 90:126 Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer Film for Food Packaging 90:145 Effects of Sorbic Acid-Chitosan Microcapsules as Antimicrobial Agent on the Properties of Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer Film for Food Packaging. 28488775 5 12 theme sorbic 841:846 arg1 film 867:870 sorbic acid-EVOH (S-EVOH) film 841:870 sorbic acid-EVOH (S-EVOH) film 841:870 Moreover, the antibacterial effect of sorbic acid-EVOH (S-EVOH) film was stronger than that of S-MP-EVOH film. 28488775 7 13 theme viable 1009:1014 arg1 nitrogen 1047:1054 total volatile base nitrogen 1027:1054 total volatile base nitrogen 1027:1054 Using the total viable counts and total volatile base nitrogen as the judgment standard, S-MP-EVOH/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composite film could extend the shelf life of fish fillets by 4 d at 4 °C, compared with EVOH/PET film. 28488775 7 13 theme viable 1009:1014 arg1 counts 1016:1021 the total viable counts 999:1021 the total viable counts 999:1021 Using the total viable counts and total volatile base nitrogen as the judgment standard, S-MP-EVOH/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composite film could extend the shelf life of fish fillets by 4 d at 4 °C, compared with EVOH/PET film. 28488775 7 13 theme viable 1009:1014 arg1 standard 1072:1079 standard 1072:1079 standard 1072:1079 Using the total viable counts and total volatile base nitrogen as the judgment standard, S-MP-EVOH/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composite film could extend the shelf life of fish fillets by 4 d at 4 °C, compared with EVOH/PET film. 28488775 2 14 theme acid 388:391 arg1 capacity 401:408 a sorbic acid loading capacity 379:408 a sorbic acid loading capacity of 46.5% 379:417 S-MPs with a diameter of approximately 1 to 4 μm showed a sorbic acid loading capacity of 46.5%. 28488775 3 15 theme tensile 462:468 arg1 strength 470:477 the tensile strength 458:477 the tensile strength 458:477 Addition of S-MPs (3%, w/w) increased the tensile strength, haze, oxygen, and water vapor barrier properties, as well as reduced the elongations at break and transmittance of S-MPs-EVOH (S-MP-EVOH) film. 28488775 7 16 theme EVOH/PET 1214:1221 arg1 film 1223:1226 EVOH/PET film 1214:1226 EVOH/PET film 1214:1226 Using the total viable counts and total volatile base nitrogen as the judgment standard, S-MP-EVOH/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composite film could extend the shelf life of fish fillets by 4 d at 4 °C, compared with EVOH/PET film. 28488775 0 17 theme Alcohol 105:111 arg1 Film 123:126 Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer Film 90:126 Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer Film for Food Packaging 90:145 Effects of Sorbic Acid-Chitosan Microcapsules as Antimicrobial Agent on the Properties of Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer Film for Food Packaging. 28488775 3 18 theme film 618:621 arg1 transmittance 578:590 transmittance 578:590 transmittance 578:590 Addition of S-MPs (3%, w/w) increased the tensile strength, haze, oxygen, and water vapor barrier properties, as well as reduced the elongations at break and transmittance of S-MPs-EVOH (S-MP-EVOH) film. 28488775 3 18 theme film 618:621 arg1 break 568:572 break 568:572 break 568:572 Addition of S-MPs (3%, w/w) increased the tensile strength, haze, oxygen, and water vapor barrier properties, as well as reduced the elongations at break and transmittance of S-MPs-EVOH (S-MP-EVOH) film. 28488775 4 19 theme S-MP-EVOH 683:691 arg1 film 693:696 S-MP-EVOH film 683:696 S-MP-EVOH film 683:696 Antibacterial tests showed that the inhibitory capacity of S-MP-EVOH film against Salmonella Enteritidis and Escherichia coli was higher than that against Listeria monocytogenes. 28488775 2 20 theme μm 369:370 arg1 diameter 336:343 a diameter 334:343 a diameter of approximately 1 to 4 μm 334:370 S-MPs with a diameter of approximately 1 to 4 μm showed a sorbic acid loading capacity of 46.5%. 28488775 2 21 theme % 417:417 arg1 capacity 401:408 a sorbic acid loading capacity 379:408 a sorbic acid loading capacity of 46.5% 379:417 S-MPs with a diameter of approximately 1 to 4 μm showed a sorbic acid loading capacity of 46.5%. 28488775 4 22 theme Listeria 779:786 arg1 monocytogenes 788:800 Listeria monocytogenes 779:800 Listeria monocytogenes 779:800 Antibacterial tests showed that the inhibitory capacity of S-MP-EVOH film against Salmonella Enteritidis and Escherichia coli was higher than that against Listeria monocytogenes. 28488775 7 23 theme fish 1171:1174 arg1 fillets 1176:1182 fish fillets 1171:1182 fish fillets 1171:1182 Using the total viable counts and total volatile base nitrogen as the judgment standard, S-MP-EVOH/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composite film could extend the shelf life of fish fillets by 4 d at 4 °C, compared with EVOH/PET film. 28488775 7 24 theme S-MP-EVOH/polyethylene 1082:1103 arg1 film 1135:1138 S-MP-EVOH/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composite film 1082:1138 S-MP-EVOH/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composite film 1082:1138 Using the total viable counts and total volatile base nitrogen as the judgment standard, S-MP-EVOH/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composite film could extend the shelf life of fish fillets by 4 d at 4 °C, compared with EVOH/PET film. 28488775 7 25 theme terephthalate 1105:1117 arg1 film 1135:1138 S-MP-EVOH/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composite film 1082:1138 S-MP-EVOH/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composite film 1082:1138 Using the total viable counts and total volatile base nitrogen as the judgment standard, S-MP-EVOH/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composite film could extend the shelf life of fish fillets by 4 d at 4 °C, compared with EVOH/PET film. 28488775 1 26 theme ethylene 277:284 arg1 alcohol 292:298 active ethylene vinyl alcohol 270:298 active ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) film 270:320 This paper discusses the possibility of using sorbic acid-chitosan microcapsules (S-MPs) as an antibacterial component of active ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) film. 28488775 7 27 theme total 1003:1007 arg1 nitrogen 1047:1054 total volatile base nitrogen 1027:1054 total volatile base nitrogen 1027:1054 Using the total viable counts and total volatile base nitrogen as the judgment standard, S-MP-EVOH/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composite film could extend the shelf life of fish fillets by 4 d at 4 °C, compared with EVOH/PET film. 28488775 7 27 theme total 1003:1007 arg1 counts 1016:1021 the total viable counts 999:1021 the total viable counts 999:1021 Using the total viable counts and total volatile base nitrogen as the judgment standard, S-MP-EVOH/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composite film could extend the shelf life of fish fillets by 4 d at 4 °C, compared with EVOH/PET film. 28488775 7 27 theme total 1003:1007 arg1 standard 1072:1079 standard 1072:1079 standard 1072:1079 Using the total viable counts and total volatile base nitrogen as the judgment standard, S-MP-EVOH/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composite film could extend the shelf life of fish fillets by 4 d at 4 °C, compared with EVOH/PET film. 28488775 5 28 theme film 867:870 arg1 effect 831:836 the antibacterial effect 813:836 the antibacterial effect of sorbic acid-EVOH (S-EVOH) film 813:870 Moreover, the antibacterial effect of sorbic acid-EVOH (S-EVOH) film was stronger than that of S-MP-EVOH film. 28488775 5 28 theme film 867:870 arg1 stronger 876:883 stronger 876:883 stronger 876:883 Moreover, the antibacterial effect of sorbic acid-EVOH (S-EVOH) film was stronger than that of S-MP-EVOH film. 28488775 6 29 theme S-EVOH 980:985 arg1 film 987:990 S-EVOH film 980:990 S-EVOH film 980:990 However, S-MP-EVOH film demonstrated a longer effective time than S-EVOH film. 28488775 0 30 theme Acid-Chitosan 18:30 arg1 Microcapsules 32:44 Sorbic Acid-Chitosan Microcapsules 11:44 Sorbic Acid-Chitosan Microcapsules as Antimicrobial Agent 11:67 Effects of Sorbic Acid-Chitosan Microcapsules as Antimicrobial Agent on the Properties of Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer Film for Food Packaging. 28488775 1 31 theme vinyl 286:290 arg1 alcohol 292:298 active ethylene vinyl alcohol 270:298 active ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) film 270:320 This paper discusses the possibility of using sorbic acid-chitosan microcapsules (S-MPs) as an antibacterial component of active ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) film. 28488775 5 32 theme S-EVOH 859:864 arg1 film 867:870 sorbic acid-EVOH (S-EVOH) film 841:870 sorbic acid-EVOH (S-EVOH) film 841:870 Moreover, the antibacterial effect of sorbic acid-EVOH (S-EVOH) film was stronger than that of S-MP-EVOH film. 28488775 4 33 theme inhibitory 660:669 arg1 capacity 671:678 the inhibitory capacity 656:678 the inhibitory capacity of S-MP-EVOH film against Salmonella Enteritidis and Escherichia coli 656:748 Antibacterial tests showed that the inhibitory capacity of S-MP-EVOH film against Salmonella Enteritidis and Escherichia coli was higher than that against Listeria monocytogenes. 28488775 4 33 theme inhibitory 660:669 arg1 higher 754:759 higher 754:759 higher 754:759 Antibacterial tests showed that the inhibitory capacity of S-MP-EVOH film against Salmonella Enteritidis and Escherichia coli was higher than that against Listeria monocytogenes. 28488775 8 34 theme potential 1262:1270 arg1 S-MP 1246:1249 S-MP 1246:1249 S-MP 1246:1249 For this reason, S-MP could be a potential antibacterial component of active films. 28488775 8 34 theme potential 1262:1270 arg1 component 1286:1294 a potential antibacterial component 1260:1294 a potential antibacterial component of active films 1260:1310 For this reason, S-MP could be a potential antibacterial component of active films. 28488775 2 35 theme loading 393:399 arg1 capacity 401:408 a sorbic acid loading capacity 379:408 a sorbic acid loading capacity of 46.5% 379:417 S-MPs with a diameter of approximately 1 to 4 μm showed a sorbic acid loading capacity of 46.5%. 28488775 0 36 theme Sorbic 11:16 arg1 Microcapsules 32:44 Sorbic Acid-Chitosan Microcapsules 11:44 Sorbic Acid-Chitosan Microcapsules as Antimicrobial Agent 11:67 Effects of Sorbic Acid-Chitosan Microcapsules as Antimicrobial Agent on the Properties of Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer Film for Food Packaging. 28488775 1 37 theme alcohol 292:298 arg1 component 257:265 an antibacterial component 240:265 an antibacterial component of active ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) film 240:320 This paper discusses the possibility of using sorbic acid-chitosan microcapsules (S-MPs) as an antibacterial component of active ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) film. 28488775 1 37 theme alcohol 292:298 arg1 microcapsules 215:227 sorbic acid-chitosan microcapsules 194:227 sorbic acid-chitosan microcapsules (S-MPs) 194:235 This paper discusses the possibility of using sorbic acid-chitosan microcapsules (S-MPs) as an antibacterial component of active ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) film. 28488775 0 38 theme Film 123:126 arg1 Properties 76:85 the Properties 72:85 the Properties of Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer Film for Food Packaging 72:145 Effects of Sorbic Acid-Chitosan Microcapsules as Antimicrobial Agent on the Properties of Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer Film for Food Packaging. 28488775 2 39 with S-MPs 323:327 arg1 diameter 336:343 a diameter 334:343 a diameter of approximately 1 to 4 μm 334:370 S-MPs with a diameter of approximately 1 to 4 μm showed a sorbic acid loading capacity of 46.5%. 28488775 1 40 theme acid-chitosan 201:213 arg1 component 257:265 an antibacterial component 240:265 an antibacterial component of active ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) film 240:320 This paper discusses the possibility of using sorbic acid-chitosan microcapsules (S-MPs) as an antibacterial component of active ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) film. 28488775 1 40 theme acid-chitosan 201:213 arg1 S-MPs 230:234 S-MPs 230:234 S-MPs 230:234 This paper discusses the possibility of using sorbic acid-chitosan microcapsules (S-MPs) as an antibacterial component of active ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) film. 28488775 1 40 theme acid-chitosan 201:213 arg1 microcapsules 215:227 sorbic acid-chitosan microcapsules 194:227 sorbic acid-chitosan microcapsules (S-MPs) 194:235 This paper discusses the possibility of using sorbic acid-chitosan microcapsules (S-MPs) as an antibacterial component of active ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) film. 28488775 5 41 theme acid-EVOH 848:856 arg1 film 867:870 sorbic acid-EVOH (S-EVOH) film 841:870 sorbic acid-EVOH (S-EVOH) film 841:870 Moreover, the antibacterial effect of sorbic acid-EVOH (S-EVOH) film was stronger than that of S-MP-EVOH film. 28488775 6 42 theme effective 960:968 arg1 time 970:973 a longer effective time 951:973 a longer effective time than S-EVOH film 951:990 However, S-MP-EVOH film demonstrated a longer effective time than S-EVOH film. 28488775 3 43 theme barrier 510:516 arg1 properties 518:527 barrier properties 510:527 barrier properties 510:527 Addition of S-MPs (3%, w/w) increased the tensile strength, haze, oxygen, and water vapor barrier properties, as well as reduced the elongations at break and transmittance of S-MPs-EVOH (S-MP-EVOH) film. 28488775 2 44 theme sorbic 381:386 arg1 capacity 401:408 a sorbic acid loading capacity 379:408 a sorbic acid loading capacity of 46.5% 379:417 S-MPs with a diameter of approximately 1 to 4 μm showed a sorbic acid loading capacity of 46.5%. 28488775 0 45 theme Microcapsules 32:44 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of Sorbic Acid-Chitosan Microcapsules as Antimicrobial Agent on the Properties of Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer Film for Food Packaging. 0:146 Effects of Sorbic Acid-Chitosan Microcapsules as Antimicrobial Agent on the Properties of Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer Film for Food Packaging. 28488775 0 46 theme Food 132:135 arg1 Packaging 137:145 Food Packaging 132:145 Food Packaging 132:145 Effects of Sorbic Acid-Chitosan Microcapsules as Antimicrobial Agent on the Properties of Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer Film for Food Packaging. 28488775 6 47 theme longer 953:958 arg1 time 970:973 a longer effective time 951:973 a longer effective time than S-EVOH film 951:990 However, S-MP-EVOH film demonstrated a longer effective time than S-EVOH film. 28488775 3 48 theme water 498:502 arg1 vapor 504:508 water vapor 498:508 water vapor 498:508 Addition of S-MPs (3%, w/w) increased the tensile strength, haze, oxygen, and water vapor barrier properties, as well as reduced the elongations at break and transmittance of S-MPs-EVOH (S-MP-EVOH) film. 28488775 3 49 theme S-MPs 432:436 arg1 Addition 420:427 Addition 420:427 Addition of S-MPs (3%, w/w) 420:446 Addition of S-MPs (3%, w/w) increased the tensile strength, haze, oxygen, and water vapor barrier properties, as well as reduced the elongations at break and transmittance of S-MPs-EVOH (S-MP-EVOH) film. 28488775 0 50 theme Antimicrobial 49:61 arg1 Agent 63:67 Antimicrobial Agent 49:67 Antimicrobial Agent 49:67 Effects of Sorbic Acid-Chitosan Microcapsules as Antimicrobial Agent on the Properties of Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer Film for Food Packaging. 28488775 7 51 theme PET 1120:1122 arg1 film 1135:1138 S-MP-EVOH/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composite film 1082:1138 S-MP-EVOH/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composite film 1082:1138 Using the total viable counts and total volatile base nitrogen as the judgment standard, S-MP-EVOH/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composite film could extend the shelf life of fish fillets by 4 d at 4 °C, compared with EVOH/PET film. 28488775 8 52 theme films 1306:1310 arg1 S-MP 1246:1249 S-MP 1246:1249 S-MP 1246:1249 For this reason, S-MP could be a potential antibacterial component of active films. 28488775 8 52 theme films 1306:1310 arg1 component 1286:1294 a potential antibacterial component 1260:1294 a potential antibacterial component of active films 1260:1310 For this reason, S-MP could be a potential antibacterial component of active films. 28488775 7 53 theme composite 1125:1133 arg1 film 1135:1138 S-MP-EVOH/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composite film 1082:1138 S-MP-EVOH/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composite film 1082:1138 Using the total viable counts and total volatile base nitrogen as the judgment standard, S-MP-EVOH/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composite film could extend the shelf life of fish fillets by 4 d at 4 °C, compared with EVOH/PET film. 28488775 3 54 dep strength 470:477 arg1 properties 518:527 barrier properties 510:527 barrier properties 510:527 Addition of S-MPs (3%, w/w) increased the tensile strength, haze, oxygen, and water vapor barrier properties, as well as reduced the elongations at break and transmittance of S-MPs-EVOH (S-MP-EVOH) film. 28488775 1 55 theme film 317:320 arg1 alcohol 292:298 active ethylene vinyl alcohol 270:298 active ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) film 270:320 This paper discusses the possibility of using sorbic acid-chitosan microcapsules (S-MPs) as an antibacterial component of active ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) film. 28488775 8 56 theme active 1299:1304 arg1 films 1306:1310 active films 1299:1310 active films 1299:1310 For this reason, S-MP could be a potential antibacterial component of active films. 28488775 2 57 dep 4 367:367 arg1 to 364:365 to 364:365 to 364:365 S-MPs with a diameter of approximately 1 to 4 μm showed a sorbic acid loading capacity of 46.5%. 28488775 7 58 theme fillets 1176:1182 arg1 life 1163:1166 the shelf life 1153:1166 the shelf life of fish fillets 1153:1182 Using the total viable counts and total volatile base nitrogen as the judgment standard, S-MP-EVOH/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composite film could extend the shelf life of fish fillets by 4 d at 4 °C, compared with EVOH/PET film. 28488775 4 59 theme film 693:696 arg1 capacity 671:678 the inhibitory capacity 656:678 the inhibitory capacity of S-MP-EVOH film against Salmonella Enteritidis and Escherichia coli 656:748 Antibacterial tests showed that the inhibitory capacity of S-MP-EVOH film against Salmonella Enteritidis and Escherichia coli was higher than that against Listeria monocytogenes. 28488775 4 59 theme film 693:696 arg1 higher 754:759 higher 754:759 higher 754:759 Antibacterial tests showed that the inhibitory capacity of S-MP-EVOH film against Salmonella Enteritidis and Escherichia coli was higher than that against Listeria monocytogenes. 28488775 4 60 theme Antibacterial 624:636 arg1 tests 638:642 Antibacterial tests 624:642 Antibacterial tests 624:642 Antibacterial tests showed that the inhibitory capacity of S-MP-EVOH film against Salmonella Enteritidis and Escherichia coli was higher than that against Listeria monocytogenes. 28488775 1 61 theme sorbic 194:199 arg1 component 257:265 an antibacterial component 240:265 an antibacterial component of active ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) film 240:320 This paper discusses the possibility of using sorbic acid-chitosan microcapsules (S-MPs) as an antibacterial component of active ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) film. 28488775 1 61 theme sorbic 194:199 arg1 S-MPs 230:234 S-MPs 230:234 S-MPs 230:234 This paper discusses the possibility of using sorbic acid-chitosan microcapsules (S-MPs) as an antibacterial component of active ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) film. 28488775 1 61 theme sorbic 194:199 arg1 microcapsules 215:227 sorbic acid-chitosan microcapsules 194:227 sorbic acid-chitosan microcapsules (S-MPs) 194:235 This paper discusses the possibility of using sorbic acid-chitosan microcapsules (S-MPs) as an antibacterial component of active ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) film. 28488775 8 62 theme antibacterial 1272:1284 arg1 S-MP 1246:1249 S-MP 1246:1249 S-MP 1246:1249 For this reason, S-MP could be a potential antibacterial component of active films. 28488775 8 62 theme antibacterial 1272:1284 arg1 component 1286:1294 a potential antibacterial component 1260:1294 a potential antibacterial component of active films 1260:1310 For this reason, S-MP could be a potential antibacterial component of active films. 28488775 3 63 theme S-MP-EVOH 607:615 arg1 film 618:621 S-MPs-EVOH (S-MP-EVOH) film 595:621 S-MPs-EVOH (S-MP-EVOH) film 595:621 Addition of S-MPs (3%, w/w) increased the tensile strength, haze, oxygen, and water vapor barrier properties, as well as reduced the elongations at break and transmittance of S-MPs-EVOH (S-MP-EVOH) film. 28488775 3 64 dep S-MPs 432:436 arg1 % 440:440 3% 439:440 3% 439:440 Addition of S-MPs (3%, w/w) increased the tensile strength, haze, oxygen, and water vapor barrier properties, as well as reduced the elongations at break and transmittance of S-MPs-EVOH (S-MP-EVOH) film. 28488775 3 64 dep S-MPs 432:436 arg1 w/w 443:445 w/w 443:445 w/w 443:445 Addition of S-MPs (3%, w/w) increased the tensile strength, haze, oxygen, and water vapor barrier properties, as well as reduced the elongations at break and transmittance of S-MPs-EVOH (S-MP-EVOH) film. 28488775 5 65 theme antibacterial 817:829 arg1 effect 831:836 the antibacterial effect 813:836 the antibacterial effect of sorbic acid-EVOH (S-EVOH) film 813:870 Moreover, the antibacterial effect of sorbic acid-EVOH (S-EVOH) film was stronger than that of S-MP-EVOH film. 28488775 5 65 theme antibacterial 817:829 arg1 stronger 876:883 stronger 876:883 stronger 876:883 Moreover, the antibacterial effect of sorbic acid-EVOH (S-EVOH) film was stronger than that of S-MP-EVOH film. 28488775 6 66 theme S-MP-EVOH 923:931 arg1 film 933:936 S-MP-EVOH film 923:936 S-MP-EVOH film 923:936 However, S-MP-EVOH film demonstrated a longer effective time than S-EVOH film. 25199605 2 0 theme metal 466:470 arg1 removal 435:441 removal 435:441 removal of basic dye and heavy metal from aqueous solution 435:492 In this work, chitosan/Fe-substituted hydroxyapatite composite beads were prepared in a different ratio via embedding of hydroxyapatite into chitosan solution for removal of basic dye and heavy metal from aqueous solution. 25199605 1 1 from effective 168:176 arg1 uptake 185:190 the uptake 181:190 the uptake of anionic or reactive dyes 181:218 Chitosan is a well-known sorbent and effective in the uptake of anionic or reactive dyes, but it has deficiency in adsorption of basic dyes. 25199605 1 2 theme well-known 145:154 arg1 Chitosan 131:138 Chitosan 131:138 Chitosan 131:138 Chitosan is a well-known sorbent and effective in the uptake of anionic or reactive dyes, but it has deficiency in adsorption of basic dyes. 25199605 1 2 theme well-known 145:154 arg1 sorbent 156:162 a well-known sorbent 143:162 a well-known sorbent 143:162 Chitosan is a well-known sorbent and effective in the uptake of anionic or reactive dyes, but it has deficiency in adsorption of basic dyes. 25199605 0 3 theme blue 50:53 arg1 methylene 40:48 methylene blue 40:53 methylene blue from aqueous solution 40:75 Efficient removal of lead (II) ions and methylene blue from aqueous solution using chitosan/Fe-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite beads. 25199605 5 4 theme dye 860:862 arg1 adsorption 864:873 dye adsorption 860:873 dye adsorption 860:873 The various experimental conditions affecting dye adsorption were explored to achieve maximum adsorption capacity. 25199605 6 5 theme thermodynamic 952:964 arg1 models 990:995 the kinetic, thermodynamic and adsorption isotherm models 939:995 the kinetic, thermodynamic and adsorption isotherm models 939:995 Moreover, the kinetic, thermodynamic and adsorption isotherm models were employed for the description of the heavy metal and dye adsorption processes. 25199605 6 6 theme dye 1054:1056 arg1 processes 1069:1077 dye adsorption processes 1054:1077 dye adsorption processes 1054:1077 Moreover, the kinetic, thermodynamic and adsorption isotherm models were employed for the description of the heavy metal and dye adsorption processes. 25199605 0 7 theme aqueous 60:66 arg1 solution 68:75 aqueous solution 60:75 aqueous solution 60:75 Efficient removal of lead (II) ions and methylene blue from aqueous solution using chitosan/Fe-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite beads. 25199605 4 8 theme methylene 697:705 arg1 ions 736:739 methylene blue (MB) and lead (Pb (II)) ions 697:739 methylene blue (MB) and lead (Pb (II)) ions 697:739 In this particular study, methylene blue (MB) and lead (Pb (II)) ions were selected as representatives of dye and a heavy metal, respectively. 25199605 4 8 theme methylene 697:705 arg1 representatives 758:772 representatives 758:772 representatives 758:772 In this particular study, methylene blue (MB) and lead (Pb (II)) ions were selected as representatives of dye and a heavy metal, respectively. 25199605 6 9 theme kinetic 943:949 arg1 models 990:995 the kinetic, thermodynamic and adsorption isotherm models 939:995 the kinetic, thermodynamic and adsorption isotherm models 939:995 Moreover, the kinetic, thermodynamic and adsorption isotherm models were employed for the description of the heavy metal and dye adsorption processes. 25199605 0 10 theme chitosan/Fe-hydroxyapatite 83:108 arg1 beads 124:128 chitosan/Fe-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite beads 83:128 chitosan/Fe-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite beads 83:128 Efficient removal of lead (II) ions and methylene blue from aqueous solution using chitosan/Fe-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite beads. 25199605 7 11 theme water 1292:1296 arg1 applications 1308:1319 water treatment applications 1292:1319 water treatment applications 1292:1319 The results indicated that the prepared hydrogel is an efficient adsorbent for the aforementioned dye and metal concomitant with the ability of regeneration without losing the original activity and stability for water treatment applications. 25199605 6 12 theme metal 1044:1048 arg1 description 1019:1029 the description 1015:1029 the description of the heavy metal 1015:1048 Moreover, the kinetic, thermodynamic and adsorption isotherm models were employed for the description of the heavy metal and dye adsorption processes. 25199605 6 12 theme metal 1044:1048 arg1 processes 1069:1077 dye adsorption processes 1054:1077 dye adsorption processes 1054:1077 Moreover, the kinetic, thermodynamic and adsorption isotherm models were employed for the description of the heavy metal and dye adsorption processes. 25199605 7 13 theme prepared 1111:1118 arg1 hydrogel 1120:1127 the prepared hydrogel 1107:1127 the prepared hydrogel 1107:1127 The results indicated that the prepared hydrogel is an efficient adsorbent for the aforementioned dye and metal concomitant with the ability of regeneration without losing the original activity and stability for water treatment applications. 25199605 7 13 theme prepared 1111:1118 arg1 concomitant 1192:1202 an efficient adsorbent for the aforementioned dye and metal concomitant 1132:1202 an efficient adsorbent for the aforementioned dye and metal concomitant with the ability of regeneration 1132:1235 The results indicated that the prepared hydrogel is an efficient adsorbent for the aforementioned dye and metal concomitant with the ability of regeneration without losing the original activity and stability for water treatment applications. 25199605 7 14 theme adsorbent 1145:1153 arg1 hydrogel 1120:1127 the prepared hydrogel 1107:1127 the prepared hydrogel 1107:1127 The results indicated that the prepared hydrogel is an efficient adsorbent for the aforementioned dye and metal concomitant with the ability of regeneration without losing the original activity and stability for water treatment applications. 25199605 7 14 theme adsorbent 1145:1153 arg1 concomitant 1192:1202 an efficient adsorbent for the aforementioned dye and metal concomitant 1132:1202 an efficient adsorbent for the aforementioned dye and metal concomitant with the ability of regeneration 1132:1235 The results indicated that the prepared hydrogel is an efficient adsorbent for the aforementioned dye and metal concomitant with the ability of regeneration without losing the original activity and stability for water treatment applications. 25199605 7 15 theme efficient 1135:1143 arg1 hydrogel 1120:1127 the prepared hydrogel 1107:1127 the prepared hydrogel 1107:1127 The results indicated that the prepared hydrogel is an efficient adsorbent for the aforementioned dye and metal concomitant with the ability of regeneration without losing the original activity and stability for water treatment applications. 25199605 7 15 theme efficient 1135:1143 arg1 concomitant 1192:1202 an efficient adsorbent for the aforementioned dye and metal concomitant 1132:1202 an efficient adsorbent for the aforementioned dye and metal concomitant with the ability of regeneration 1132:1235 The results indicated that the prepared hydrogel is an efficient adsorbent for the aforementioned dye and metal concomitant with the ability of regeneration without losing the original activity and stability for water treatment applications. 25199605 7 16 theme metal 1186:1190 arg1 hydrogel 1120:1127 the prepared hydrogel 1107:1127 the prepared hydrogel 1107:1127 The results indicated that the prepared hydrogel is an efficient adsorbent for the aforementioned dye and metal concomitant with the ability of regeneration without losing the original activity and stability for water treatment applications. 25199605 7 16 theme metal 1186:1190 arg1 concomitant 1192:1202 an efficient adsorbent for the aforementioned dye and metal concomitant 1132:1202 an efficient adsorbent for the aforementioned dye and metal concomitant with the ability of regeneration 1132:1235 The results indicated that the prepared hydrogel is an efficient adsorbent for the aforementioned dye and metal concomitant with the ability of regeneration without losing the original activity and stability for water treatment applications. 25199605 4 17 theme lead 721:724 arg1 ions 736:739 methylene blue (MB) and lead (Pb (II)) ions 697:739 methylene blue (MB) and lead (Pb (II)) ions 697:739 In this particular study, methylene blue (MB) and lead (Pb (II)) ions were selected as representatives of dye and a heavy metal, respectively. 25199605 4 17 theme lead 721:724 arg1 representatives 758:772 representatives 758:772 representatives 758:772 In this particular study, methylene blue (MB) and lead (Pb (II)) ions were selected as representatives of dye and a heavy metal, respectively. 25199605 2 18 theme different 360:368 arg1 ratio 370:374 a different ratio 358:374 a different ratio 358:374 In this work, chitosan/Fe-substituted hydroxyapatite composite beads were prepared in a different ratio via embedding of hydroxyapatite into chitosan solution for removal of basic dye and heavy metal from aqueous solution. 25199605 0 19 theme Efficient 0:8 arg1 removal 10:16 Efficient removal 0:16 Efficient removal of lead (II) ions 0:34 Efficient removal of lead (II) ions and methylene blue from aqueous solution using chitosan/Fe-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite beads. 25199605 4 20 theme metal 793:797 arg1 ions 736:739 methylene blue (MB) and lead (Pb (II)) ions 697:739 methylene blue (MB) and lead (Pb (II)) ions 697:739 In this particular study, methylene blue (MB) and lead (Pb (II)) ions were selected as representatives of dye and a heavy metal, respectively. 25199605 4 20 theme metal 793:797 arg1 representatives 758:772 representatives 758:772 representatives 758:772 In this particular study, methylene blue (MB) and lead (Pb (II)) ions were selected as representatives of dye and a heavy metal, respectively. 25199605 5 21 theme maximum 900:906 arg1 capacity 919:926 maximum adsorption capacity 900:926 maximum adsorption capacity 900:926 The various experimental conditions affecting dye adsorption were explored to achieve maximum adsorption capacity. 25199605 5 22 theme various 818:824 arg1 conditions 839:848 The various experimental conditions 814:848 The various experimental conditions affecting dye adsorption 814:873 The various experimental conditions affecting dye adsorption were explored to achieve maximum adsorption capacity. 25199605 0 23 theme lead 21:24 arg1 ions 31:34 lead (II) ions 21:34 lead (II) ions 21:34 Efficient removal of lead (II) ions and methylene blue from aqueous solution using chitosan/Fe-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite beads. 25199605 7 24 with concomitant 1192:1202 arg1 ability 1213:1219 the ability 1209:1219 the ability of regeneration 1209:1235 The results indicated that the prepared hydrogel is an efficient adsorbent for the aforementioned dye and metal concomitant with the ability of regeneration without losing the original activity and stability for water treatment applications. 25199605 1 25 from deficiency 232:241 arg1 adsorption 246:255 adsorption 246:255 adsorption of basic dyes 246:269 Chitosan is a well-known sorbent and effective in the uptake of anionic or reactive dyes, but it has deficiency in adsorption of basic dyes. 25199605 4 26 theme dye 777:779 arg1 ions 736:739 methylene blue (MB) and lead (Pb (II)) ions 697:739 methylene blue (MB) and lead (Pb (II)) ions 697:739 In this particular study, methylene blue (MB) and lead (Pb (II)) ions were selected as representatives of dye and a heavy metal, respectively. 25199605 4 26 theme dye 777:779 arg1 representatives 758:772 representatives 758:772 representatives 758:772 In this particular study, methylene blue (MB) and lead (Pb (II)) ions were selected as representatives of dye and a heavy metal, respectively. 25199605 5 27 theme adsorption 908:917 arg1 capacity 919:926 maximum adsorption capacity 900:926 maximum adsorption capacity 900:926 The various experimental conditions affecting dye adsorption were explored to achieve maximum adsorption capacity. 25199605 2 28 theme chitosan 413:420 arg1 solution 422:429 chitosan solution 413:429 chitosan solution for removal of basic dye and heavy metal from aqueous solution 413:492 In this work, chitosan/Fe-substituted hydroxyapatite composite beads were prepared in a different ratio via embedding of hydroxyapatite into chitosan solution for removal of basic dye and heavy metal from aqueous solution. 25199605 1 29 theme basic 260:264 arg1 dyes 266:269 basic dyes 260:269 basic dyes 260:269 Chitosan is a well-known sorbent and effective in the uptake of anionic or reactive dyes, but it has deficiency in adsorption of basic dyes. 25199605 0 30 theme nanocomposite 110:122 arg1 beads 124:128 chitosan/Fe-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite beads 83:128 chitosan/Fe-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite beads 83:128 Efficient removal of lead (II) ions and methylene blue from aqueous solution using chitosan/Fe-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite beads. 25199605 2 31 theme hydroxyapatite 393:406 arg1 embedding 380:388 embedding 380:388 embedding of hydroxyapatite into chitosan solution for removal of basic dye and heavy metal from aqueous solution 380:492 In this work, chitosan/Fe-substituted hydroxyapatite composite beads were prepared in a different ratio via embedding of hydroxyapatite into chitosan solution for removal of basic dye and heavy metal from aqueous solution. 25199605 7 32 theme aforementioned 1163:1176 arg1 dye 1178:1180 the aforementioned dye 1159:1180 the aforementioned dye 1159:1180 The results indicated that the prepared hydrogel is an efficient adsorbent for the aforementioned dye and metal concomitant with the ability of regeneration without losing the original activity and stability for water treatment applications. 25199605 1 33 theme dyes 266:269 arg1 adsorption 246:255 adsorption 246:255 adsorption of basic dyes 246:269 Chitosan is a well-known sorbent and effective in the uptake of anionic or reactive dyes, but it has deficiency in adsorption of basic dyes. 25199605 3 34 theme surface 651:657 arg1 morphology 659:668 surface morphology 651:668 surface morphology 651:668 The composite beads were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy in order to reveal their composition and surface morphology. 25199605 3 35 theme electron 590:597 arg1 microscopy 599:608 scanning electron microscopy 581:608 scanning electron microscopy 581:608 The composite beads were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy in order to reveal their composition and surface morphology. 25199605 7 36 theme treatment 1298:1306 arg1 applications 1308:1319 water treatment applications 1292:1319 water treatment applications 1292:1319 The results indicated that the prepared hydrogel is an efficient adsorbent for the aforementioned dye and metal concomitant with the ability of regeneration without losing the original activity and stability for water treatment applications. 25199605 1 37 theme anionic 195:201 arg1 dyes 215:218 anionic or reactive dyes 195:218 anionic or reactive dyes 195:218 Chitosan is a well-known sorbent and effective in the uptake of anionic or reactive dyes, but it has deficiency in adsorption of basic dyes. 25199605 2 38 theme dye 452:454 arg1 removal 435:441 removal 435:441 removal of basic dye and heavy metal from aqueous solution 435:492 In this work, chitosan/Fe-substituted hydroxyapatite composite beads were prepared in a different ratio via embedding of hydroxyapatite into chitosan solution for removal of basic dye and heavy metal from aqueous solution. 25199605 4 39 dep lead 721:724 arg1 II 731:732 II 731:732 II 731:732 In this particular study, methylene blue (MB) and lead (Pb (II)) ions were selected as representatives of dye and a heavy metal, respectively. 25199605 4 39 dep lead 721:724 arg1 Pb 727:728 Pb 727:728 Pb (II) 727:733 In this particular study, methylene blue (MB) and lead (Pb (II)) ions were selected as representatives of dye and a heavy metal, respectively. 25199605 0 40 theme ions 31:34 arg1 removal 10:16 Efficient removal 0:16 Efficient removal of lead (II) ions 0:34 Efficient removal of lead (II) ions and methylene blue from aqueous solution using chitosan/Fe-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite beads. 25199605 0 40 theme ions 31:34 arg1 methylene 40:48 methylene blue 40:53 methylene blue from aqueous solution 40:75 Efficient removal of lead (II) ions and methylene blue from aqueous solution using chitosan/Fe-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite beads. 25199605 5 41 theme experimental 826:837 arg1 conditions 839:848 The various experimental conditions 814:848 The various experimental conditions affecting dye adsorption 814:873 The various experimental conditions affecting dye adsorption were explored to achieve maximum adsorption capacity. 25199605 2 42 theme composite 325:333 arg1 beads 335:339 chitosan/Fe-substituted hydroxyapatite composite beads 286:339 chitosan/Fe-substituted hydroxyapatite composite beads 286:339 In this work, chitosan/Fe-substituted hydroxyapatite composite beads were prepared in a different ratio via embedding of hydroxyapatite into chitosan solution for removal of basic dye and heavy metal from aqueous solution. 25199605 3 43 theme scanning 581:588 arg1 microscopy 599:608 scanning electron microscopy 581:608 scanning electron microscopy 581:608 The composite beads were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy in order to reveal their composition and surface morphology. 25199605 1 44 from uptake 185:190 arg1 effective 168:176 effective 168:176 effective 168:176 Chitosan is a well-known sorbent and effective in the uptake of anionic or reactive dyes, but it has deficiency in adsorption of basic dyes. 25199605 2 45 theme hydroxyapatite 310:323 arg1 beads 335:339 chitosan/Fe-substituted hydroxyapatite composite beads 286:339 chitosan/Fe-substituted hydroxyapatite composite beads 286:339 In this work, chitosan/Fe-substituted hydroxyapatite composite beads were prepared in a different ratio via embedding of hydroxyapatite into chitosan solution for removal of basic dye and heavy metal from aqueous solution. 25199605 7 46 theme regeneration 1224:1235 arg1 ability 1213:1219 the ability 1209:1219 the ability of regeneration 1209:1235 The results indicated that the prepared hydrogel is an efficient adsorbent for the aforementioned dye and metal concomitant with the ability of regeneration without losing the original activity and stability for water treatment applications. 25199605 2 47 from solution 485:492 arg1 removal 435:441 removal 435:441 removal of basic dye and heavy metal from aqueous solution 435:492 In this work, chitosan/Fe-substituted hydroxyapatite composite beads were prepared in a different ratio via embedding of hydroxyapatite into chitosan solution for removal of basic dye and heavy metal from aqueous solution. 25199605 4 48 theme particular 679:688 arg1 study 690:694 this particular study 674:694 this particular study 674:694 In this particular study, methylene blue (MB) and lead (Pb (II)) ions were selected as representatives of dye and a heavy metal, respectively. 25199605 2 49 theme chitosan/Fe-substituted 286:308 arg1 beads 335:339 chitosan/Fe-substituted hydroxyapatite composite beads 286:339 chitosan/Fe-substituted hydroxyapatite composite beads 286:339 In this work, chitosan/Fe-substituted hydroxyapatite composite beads were prepared in a different ratio via embedding of hydroxyapatite into chitosan solution for removal of basic dye and heavy metal from aqueous solution. 25199605 1 50 theme reactive 206:213 arg1 dyes 215:218 anionic or reactive dyes 195:218 anionic or reactive dyes 195:218 Chitosan is a well-known sorbent and effective in the uptake of anionic or reactive dyes, but it has deficiency in adsorption of basic dyes. 25199605 0 51 from solution 68:75 arg1 removal 10:16 Efficient removal 0:16 Efficient removal of lead (II) ions 0:34 Efficient removal of lead (II) ions and methylene blue from aqueous solution using chitosan/Fe-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite beads. 25199605 0 51 from solution 68:75 arg1 methylene 40:48 methylene blue 40:53 methylene blue from aqueous solution 40:75 Efficient removal of lead (II) ions and methylene blue from aqueous solution using chitosan/Fe-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite beads. 25199605 3 52 dep transform 545:553 arg1 infrared 555:562 infrared 555:562 transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy in order to reveal their composition and surface morphology 545:668 The composite beads were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy in order to reveal their composition and surface morphology. 25199605 1 53 theme dyes 215:218 arg1 uptake 185:190 the uptake 181:190 the uptake of anionic or reactive dyes 181:218 Chitosan is a well-known sorbent and effective in the uptake of anionic or reactive dyes, but it has deficiency in adsorption of basic dyes. 25199605 2 54 theme aqueous 477:483 arg1 solution 485:492 aqueous solution 477:492 aqueous solution 477:492 In this work, chitosan/Fe-substituted hydroxyapatite composite beads were prepared in a different ratio via embedding of hydroxyapatite into chitosan solution for removal of basic dye and heavy metal from aqueous solution. 25199605 6 55 theme adsorption 1058:1067 arg1 processes 1069:1077 dye adsorption processes 1054:1077 dye adsorption processes 1054:1077 Moreover, the kinetic, thermodynamic and adsorption isotherm models were employed for the description of the heavy metal and dye adsorption processes. 25199605 1 56 contain has 228:230 arg2 deficiency 232:241 deficiency 232:241 deficiency in adsorption of basic dyes 232:269 Chitosan is a well-known sorbent and effective in the uptake of anionic or reactive dyes, but it has deficiency in adsorption of basic dyes. 25199605 1 56 contain has 228:230 arg1 it 225:226 it 225:226 it 225:226 Chitosan is a well-known sorbent and effective in the uptake of anionic or reactive dyes, but it has deficiency in adsorption of basic dyes. 25199605 3 57 dep Fourier 537:543 arg1 transform 545:553 transform 545:553 transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy in order to reveal their composition and surface morphology 545:668 The composite beads were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy in order to reveal their composition and surface morphology. 25199605 6 58 theme isotherm 981:988 arg1 models 990:995 the kinetic, thermodynamic and adsorption isotherm models 939:995 the kinetic, thermodynamic and adsorption isotherm models 939:995 Moreover, the kinetic, thermodynamic and adsorption isotherm models were employed for the description of the heavy metal and dye adsorption processes. 25199605 2 59 theme basic 446:450 arg1 dye 452:454 basic dye 446:454 basic dye 446:454 In this work, chitosan/Fe-substituted hydroxyapatite composite beads were prepared in a different ratio via embedding of hydroxyapatite into chitosan solution for removal of basic dye and heavy metal from aqueous solution. 25199605 6 60 theme adsorption 970:979 arg1 models 990:995 the kinetic, thermodynamic and adsorption isotherm models 939:995 the kinetic, thermodynamic and adsorption isotherm models 939:995 Moreover, the kinetic, thermodynamic and adsorption isotherm models were employed for the description of the heavy metal and dye adsorption processes. 25199605 3 61 theme composite 499:507 arg1 beads 509:513 The composite beads 495:513 The composite beads 495:513 The composite beads were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy in order to reveal their composition and surface morphology. 25199605 7 62 theme original 1256:1263 arg1 activity 1265:1272 the original activity 1252:1272 the original activity 1252:1272 The results indicated that the prepared hydrogel is an efficient adsorbent for the aforementioned dye and metal concomitant with the ability of regeneration without losing the original activity and stability for water treatment applications. 25199605 4 63 theme blue 707:710 arg1 methylene 697:705 methylene blue 697:710 methylene blue (MB) 697:715 In this particular study, methylene blue (MB) and lead (Pb (II)) ions were selected as representatives of dye and a heavy metal, respectively. 25199605 4 63 theme blue 707:710 arg1 MB 713:714 MB 713:714 MB 713:714 In this particular study, methylene blue (MB) and lead (Pb (II)) ions were selected as representatives of dye and a heavy metal, respectively. 27922015 2 0 theme hungatei 470:477 arg1 archaellum 479:488 the Methanospirillum hungatei archaellum 449:488 the Methanospirillum hungatei archaellum 449:488 Here, we report an atomic model of the archaella, based on the cryo electron microscopy (cryoEM) structure of the Methanospirillum hungatei archaellum at 3.4 Å resolution. 27922015 6 1 theme extensive 920:928 arg1 interactions 930:941 The extensive interactions 916:941 The extensive interactions among neighbouring archaellins 916:972 The extensive interactions among neighbouring archaellins explain how the long but thin archaellum maintains the structural integrity required for motility-driving rotation. 27922015 5 2 theme N-linked 893:900 arg1 modification 902:913 an unusual N-linked modification 882:913 an unusual N-linked modification 882:913 Our structure reveals multiple post-translational modifications to the archaella, including six O-linked glycans and an unusual N-linked modification. 27922015 1 3 theme cell 270:273 arg1 motility 275:282 cell motility 270:282 cell motility 270:282 Archaea use flagella known as archaella-distinct both in protein composition and structure from bacterial flagella-to drive cell motility, but the structural basis of this function is unknown. 27922015 2 4 theme Methanospirillum 453:468 arg1 archaellum 479:488 the Methanospirillum hungatei archaellum 449:488 the Methanospirillum hungatei archaellum 449:488 Here, we report an atomic model of the archaella, based on the cryo electron microscopy (cryoEM) structure of the Methanospirillum hungatei archaellum at 3.4 Å resolution. 27922015 7 5 theme pore 1162:1165 arg1 interactions 1120:1131 These extensive inter-subunit interactions 1090:1131 These extensive inter-subunit interactions 1090:1131 These extensive inter-subunit interactions and the absence of a central pore in the archaellum distinguish it from both the bacterial flagellum and type IV pili. 27922015 7 5 theme pore 1162:1165 arg1 absence 1141:1147 the absence 1137:1147 the absence of a central pore in the archaellum 1137:1183 These extensive inter-subunit interactions and the absence of a central pore in the archaellum distinguish it from both the bacterial flagellum and type IV pili. 27922015 0 6 theme bacterial 107:115 arg1 flagellum 117:125 the bacterial flagellum 103:125 the bacterial flagellum 103:125 CryoEM structure of the Methanospirillum hungatei archaellum reveals structural features distinct from the bacterial flagellum and type IV pilus. 27922015 4 7 contain has 690:692 arg2 tail 759:762 a long, mildly kinked α-helix tail 729:762 a long, mildly kinked α-helix tail 729:762 The tadpole-shaped archaellin monomer has two domains, a β-barrel domain and a long, mildly kinked α-helix tail. 27922015 4 7 contain has 690:692 arg2 domain 718:723 a β-barrel domain 707:723 a β-barrel domain 707:723 The tadpole-shaped archaellin monomer has two domains, a β-barrel domain and a long, mildly kinked α-helix tail. 27922015 4 7 contain has 690:692 arg1 monomer 682:688 The tadpole-shaped archaellin monomer 652:688 The tadpole-shaped archaellin monomer 652:688 The tadpole-shaped archaellin monomer has two domains, a β-barrel domain and a long, mildly kinked α-helix tail. 27922015 4 7 contain has 690:692 arg2 domains 698:704 two domains 694:704 two domains 694:704 The tadpole-shaped archaellin monomer has two domains, a β-barrel domain and a long, mildly kinked α-helix tail. 27922015 7 8 theme central 1154:1160 arg1 pore 1162:1165 a central pore 1152:1165 a central pore in the archaellum 1152:1183 These extensive inter-subunit interactions and the absence of a central pore in the archaellum distinguish it from both the bacterial flagellum and type IV pili. 27922015 5 9 theme unusual 885:891 arg1 modification 902:913 an unusual N-linked modification 882:913 an unusual N-linked modification 882:913 Our structure reveals multiple post-translational modifications to the archaella, including six O-linked glycans and an unusual N-linked modification. 27922015 7 10 from interactions 1120:1131 arg1 archaellum 1174:1183 the archaellum 1170:1183 the archaellum 1170:1183 These extensive inter-subunit interactions and the absence of a central pore in the archaellum distinguish it from both the bacterial flagellum and type IV pili. 27922015 3 11 with helix 588:592 arg1 length 631:636 average length 623:636 average length of 10,000 nm 623:649 Each archaellum contains ∼61,500 archaellin subunits organized into a curved helix with a diameter of 10 nm and average length of 10,000 nm. 27922015 3 11 with helix 588:592 arg1 diameter 601:608 a diameter 599:608 a diameter of 10 nm 599:617 Each archaellum contains ∼61,500 archaellin subunits organized into a curved helix with a diameter of 10 nm and average length of 10,000 nm. 27922015 6 12 theme thin 999:1002 arg1 archaellum 1004:1013 the long but thin archaellum 986:1013 the long but thin archaellum 986:1013 The extensive interactions among neighbouring archaellins explain how the long but thin archaellum maintains the structural integrity required for motility-driving rotation. 27922015 3 13 theme archaellin 544:553 arg1 subunits 555:562 ∼61,500 archaellin subunits 536:562 ∼61,500 archaellin subunits organized into a curved helix with a diameter of 10 nm and average length of 10,000 nm 536:649 Each archaellum contains ∼61,500 archaellin subunits organized into a curved helix with a diameter of 10 nm and average length of 10,000 nm. 27922015 4 14 theme β-barrel 709:716 arg1 domains 698:704 two domains 694:704 two domains 694:704 The tadpole-shaped archaellin monomer has two domains, a β-barrel domain and a long, mildly kinked α-helix tail. 27922015 4 14 theme β-barrel 709:716 arg1 domain 718:723 a β-barrel domain 707:723 a β-barrel domain 707:723 The tadpole-shaped archaellin monomer has two domains, a β-barrel domain and a long, mildly kinked α-helix tail. 27922015 7 15 from pore 1162:1165 arg1 archaellum 1174:1183 the archaellum 1170:1183 the archaellum 1170:1183 These extensive inter-subunit interactions and the absence of a central pore in the archaellum distinguish it from both the bacterial flagellum and type IV pili. 27922015 2 16 theme 3.4 Å 493:497 arg1 resolution 499:508 3.4 Å resolution 493:508 3.4 Å resolution 493:508 Here, we report an atomic model of the archaella, based on the cryo electron microscopy (cryoEM) structure of the Methanospirillum hungatei archaellum at 3.4 Å resolution. 27922015 6 17 theme long 990:993 arg1 archaellum 1004:1013 the long but thin archaellum 986:1013 the long but thin archaellum 986:1013 The extensive interactions among neighbouring archaellins explain how the long but thin archaellum maintains the structural integrity required for motility-driving rotation. 27922015 1 18 theme bacterial 242:250 arg1 flagella-to 252:262 bacterial flagella-to 242:262 bacterial flagella-to 242:262 Archaea use flagella known as archaella-distinct both in protein composition and structure from bacterial flagella-to drive cell motility, but the structural basis of this function is unknown. 27922015 2 19 theme archaella 378:386 arg1 model 365:369 an atomic model 355:369 an atomic model 355:369 Here, we report an atomic model of the archaella, based on the cryo electron microscopy (cryoEM) structure of the Methanospirillum hungatei archaellum at 3.4 Å resolution. 27922015 5 20 theme multiple 787:794 arg1 glycans 870:876 six O-linked glycans 857:876 six O-linked glycans 857:876 Our structure reveals multiple post-translational modifications to the archaella, including six O-linked glycans and an unusual N-linked modification. 27922015 5 20 theme multiple 787:794 arg1 modification 902:913 an unusual N-linked modification 882:913 an unusual N-linked modification 882:913 Our structure reveals multiple post-translational modifications to the archaella, including six O-linked glycans and an unusual N-linked modification. 27922015 5 20 theme multiple 787:794 arg1 modifications 815:827 multiple post-translational modifications 787:827 multiple post-translational modifications 787:827 Our structure reveals multiple post-translational modifications to the archaella, including six O-linked glycans and an unusual N-linked modification. 27922015 0 21 theme distinct 89:96 arg1 features 80:87 structural features 69:87 structural features distinct from the bacterial flagellum and type IV pilus 69:143 CryoEM structure of the Methanospirillum hungatei archaellum reveals structural features distinct from the bacterial flagellum and type IV pilus. 27922015 7 22 theme bacterial 1214:1222 arg1 flagellum 1224:1232 the bacterial flagellum 1210:1232 the bacterial flagellum 1210:1232 These extensive inter-subunit interactions and the absence of a central pore in the archaellum distinguish it from both the bacterial flagellum and type IV pili. 27922015 4 23 theme archaellin 671:680 arg1 monomer 682:688 The tadpole-shaped archaellin monomer 652:688 The tadpole-shaped archaellin monomer 652:688 The tadpole-shaped archaellin monomer has two domains, a β-barrel domain and a long, mildly kinked α-helix tail. 27922015 0 24 theme CryoEM 0:5 arg1 structure 7:15 CryoEM structure 0:15 CryoEM structure of the Methanospirillum hungatei archaellum 0:59 CryoEM structure of the Methanospirillum hungatei archaellum reveals structural features distinct from the bacterial flagellum and type IV pilus. 27922015 5 25 link O-linked 861:868 arg1 glycans 870:876 six O-linked glycans 857:876 six O-linked glycans 857:876 Our structure reveals multiple post-translational modifications to the archaella, including six O-linked glycans and an unusual N-linked modification. 27922015 5 26 theme post-translational 796:813 arg1 glycans 870:876 six O-linked glycans 857:876 six O-linked glycans 857:876 Our structure reveals multiple post-translational modifications to the archaella, including six O-linked glycans and an unusual N-linked modification. 27922015 5 26 theme post-translational 796:813 arg1 modification 902:913 an unusual N-linked modification 882:913 an unusual N-linked modification 882:913 Our structure reveals multiple post-translational modifications to the archaella, including six O-linked glycans and an unusual N-linked modification. 27922015 5 26 theme post-translational 796:813 arg1 modifications 815:827 multiple post-translational modifications 787:827 multiple post-translational modifications 787:827 Our structure reveals multiple post-translational modifications to the archaella, including six O-linked glycans and an unusual N-linked modification. 27922015 4 27 theme tadpole-shaped 656:669 arg1 monomer 682:688 The tadpole-shaped archaellin monomer 652:688 The tadpole-shaped archaellin monomer 652:688 The tadpole-shaped archaellin monomer has two domains, a β-barrel domain and a long, mildly kinked α-helix tail. 27922015 2 28 theme microscopy 416:425 arg1 structure 436:444 the cryo electron microscopy (cryoEM) structure 398:444 the cryo electron microscopy (cryoEM) structure of the Methanospirillum hungatei archaellum at 3.4 Å resolution 398:508 Here, we report an atomic model of the archaella, based on the cryo electron microscopy (cryoEM) structure of the Methanospirillum hungatei archaellum at 3.4 Å resolution. 27922015 1 29 theme structural 293:302 arg1 basis 304:308 the structural basis 289:308 the structural basis of this function 289:325 Archaea use flagella known as archaella-distinct both in protein composition and structure from bacterial flagella-to drive cell motility, but the structural basis of this function is unknown. 27922015 1 29 theme structural 293:302 arg1 unknown 330:336 unknown 330:336 unknown 330:336 Archaea use flagella known as archaella-distinct both in protein composition and structure from bacterial flagella-to drive cell motility, but the structural basis of this function is unknown. 27922015 5 30 link N-linked 893:900 arg1 modification 902:913 an unusual N-linked modification 882:913 an unusual N-linked modification 882:913 Our structure reveals multiple post-translational modifications to the archaella, including six O-linked glycans and an unusual N-linked modification. 27922015 2 31 theme cryo 402:405 arg1 cryoEM 428:433 cryoEM 428:433 cryoEM 428:433 Here, we report an atomic model of the archaella, based on the cryo electron microscopy (cryoEM) structure of the Methanospirillum hungatei archaellum at 3.4 Å resolution. 27922015 2 31 theme cryo 402:405 arg1 microscopy 416:425 cryo electron microscopy 402:425 the cryo electron microscopy (cryoEM) structure of the Methanospirillum hungatei archaellum at 3.4 Å resolution 398:508 Here, we report an atomic model of the archaella, based on the cryo electron microscopy (cryoEM) structure of the Methanospirillum hungatei archaellum at 3.4 Å resolution. 27922015 2 32 theme electron 407:414 arg1 cryoEM 428:433 cryoEM 428:433 cryoEM 428:433 Here, we report an atomic model of the archaella, based on the cryo electron microscopy (cryoEM) structure of the Methanospirillum hungatei archaellum at 3.4 Å resolution. 27922015 2 32 theme electron 407:414 arg1 microscopy 416:425 cryo electron microscopy 402:425 the cryo electron microscopy (cryoEM) structure of the Methanospirillum hungatei archaellum at 3.4 Å resolution 398:508 Here, we report an atomic model of the archaella, based on the cryo electron microscopy (cryoEM) structure of the Methanospirillum hungatei archaellum at 3.4 Å resolution. 27922015 0 33 theme type 131:134 arg1 pilus 139:143 type IV pilus 131:143 type IV pilus 131:143 CryoEM structure of the Methanospirillum hungatei archaellum reveals structural features distinct from the bacterial flagellum and type IV pilus. 27922015 4 34 theme long 731:734 arg1 domains 698:704 two domains 694:704 two domains 694:704 The tadpole-shaped archaellin monomer has two domains, a β-barrel domain and a long, mildly kinked α-helix tail. 27922015 4 34 theme long 731:734 arg1 tail 759:762 a long, mildly kinked α-helix tail 729:762 a long, mildly kinked α-helix tail 729:762 The tadpole-shaped archaellin monomer has two domains, a β-barrel domain and a long, mildly kinked α-helix tail. 27922015 7 35 theme IV 1243:1244 arg1 pili 1246:1249 type IV pili 1238:1249 type IV pili 1238:1249 These extensive inter-subunit interactions and the absence of a central pore in the archaellum distinguish it from both the bacterial flagellum and type IV pili. 27922015 7 36 theme extensive 1096:1104 arg1 interactions 1120:1131 These extensive inter-subunit interactions 1090:1131 These extensive inter-subunit interactions 1090:1131 These extensive inter-subunit interactions and the absence of a central pore in the archaellum distinguish it from both the bacterial flagellum and type IV pili. 27922015 3 37 theme 10,000 nm 641:649 arg1 length 631:636 average length 623:636 average length of 10,000 nm 623:649 Each archaellum contains ∼61,500 archaellin subunits organized into a curved helix with a diameter of 10 nm and average length of 10,000 nm. 27922015 3 37 theme 10,000 nm 641:649 arg1 diameter 601:608 a diameter 599:608 a diameter of 10 nm 599:617 Each archaellum contains ∼61,500 archaellin subunits organized into a curved helix with a diameter of 10 nm and average length of 10,000 nm. 27922015 0 38 theme Methanospirillum 24:39 arg1 structure 7:15 CryoEM structure 0:15 CryoEM structure of the Methanospirillum hungatei archaellum 0:59 CryoEM structure of the Methanospirillum hungatei archaellum reveals structural features distinct from the bacterial flagellum and type IV pilus. 27922015 3 39 contain contains 527:534 arg1 archaellum 516:525 Each archaellum 511:525 Each archaellum 511:525 Each archaellum contains ∼61,500 archaellin subunits organized into a curved helix with a diameter of 10 nm and average length of 10,000 nm. 27922015 3 39 contain contains 527:534 arg2 subunits 555:562 ∼61,500 archaellin subunits 536:562 ∼61,500 archaellin subunits organized into a curved helix with a diameter of 10 nm and average length of 10,000 nm 536:649 Each archaellum contains ∼61,500 archaellin subunits organized into a curved helix with a diameter of 10 nm and average length of 10,000 nm. 27922015 7 40 theme inter-subunit 1106:1118 arg1 interactions 1120:1131 These extensive inter-subunit interactions 1090:1131 These extensive inter-subunit interactions 1090:1131 These extensive inter-subunit interactions and the absence of a central pore in the archaellum distinguish it from both the bacterial flagellum and type IV pili. 27922015 3 41 theme average 623:629 arg1 length 631:636 average length 623:636 average length of 10,000 nm 623:649 Each archaellum contains ∼61,500 archaellin subunits organized into a curved helix with a diameter of 10 nm and average length of 10,000 nm. 27922015 6 42 theme motility-driving 1063:1078 arg1 rotation 1080:1087 motility-driving rotation 1063:1087 motility-driving rotation 1063:1087 The extensive interactions among neighbouring archaellins explain how the long but thin archaellum maintains the structural integrity required for motility-driving rotation. 27922015 1 43 theme function 318:325 arg1 basis 304:308 the structural basis 289:308 the structural basis of this function 289:325 Archaea use flagella known as archaella-distinct both in protein composition and structure from bacterial flagella-to drive cell motility, but the structural basis of this function is unknown. 27922015 1 43 theme function 318:325 arg1 unknown 330:336 unknown 330:336 unknown 330:336 Archaea use flagella known as archaella-distinct both in protein composition and structure from bacterial flagella-to drive cell motility, but the structural basis of this function is unknown. 27922015 2 44 theme archaellum 479:488 arg1 structure 436:444 the cryo electron microscopy (cryoEM) structure 398:444 the cryo electron microscopy (cryoEM) structure of the Methanospirillum hungatei archaellum at 3.4 Å resolution 398:508 Here, we report an atomic model of the archaella, based on the cryo electron microscopy (cryoEM) structure of the Methanospirillum hungatei archaellum at 3.4 Å resolution. 27922015 3 45 theme curved 581:586 arg1 helix 588:592 a curved helix 579:592 a curved helix with a diameter of 10 nm and average length of 10,000 nm 579:649 Each archaellum contains ∼61,500 archaellin subunits organized into a curved helix with a diameter of 10 nm and average length of 10,000 nm. 27922015 6 46 theme neighbouring 949:960 arg1 archaellins 962:972 neighbouring archaellins 949:972 neighbouring archaellins 949:972 The extensive interactions among neighbouring archaellins explain how the long but thin archaellum maintains the structural integrity required for motility-driving rotation. 27922015 7 47 theme type 1238:1241 arg1 pili 1246:1249 type IV pili 1238:1249 type IV pili 1238:1249 These extensive inter-subunit interactions and the absence of a central pore in the archaellum distinguish it from both the bacterial flagellum and type IV pili. 27922015 2 48 from resolution 499:508 arg1 structure 436:444 the cryo electron microscopy (cryoEM) structure 398:444 the cryo electron microscopy (cryoEM) structure of the Methanospirillum hungatei archaellum at 3.4 Å resolution 398:508 Here, we report an atomic model of the archaella, based on the cryo electron microscopy (cryoEM) structure of the Methanospirillum hungatei archaellum at 3.4 Å resolution. 27922015 1 49 dep archaella-distinct 176:193 arg1 both 195:198 both 195:198 both 195:198 Archaea use flagella known as archaella-distinct both in protein composition and structure from bacterial flagella-to drive cell motility, but the structural basis of this function is unknown. 27922015 4 50 dep long 731:734 arg1 kinked 744:749 kinked 744:749 kinked 744:749 The tadpole-shaped archaellin monomer has two domains, a β-barrel domain and a long, mildly kinked α-helix tail. 27922015 0 51 from flagellum 117:125 arg1 distinct 89:96 distinct 89:96 distinct 89:96 CryoEM structure of the Methanospirillum hungatei archaellum reveals structural features distinct from the bacterial flagellum and type IV pilus. 27922015 3 52 theme 10 nm 613:617 arg1 length 631:636 average length 623:636 average length of 10,000 nm 623:649 Each archaellum contains ∼61,500 archaellin subunits organized into a curved helix with a diameter of 10 nm and average length of 10,000 nm. 27922015 3 52 theme 10 nm 613:617 arg1 diameter 601:608 a diameter 599:608 a diameter of 10 nm 599:617 Each archaellum contains ∼61,500 archaellin subunits organized into a curved helix with a diameter of 10 nm and average length of 10,000 nm. 27922015 4 53 theme α-helix 751:757 arg1 domains 698:704 two domains 694:704 two domains 694:704 The tadpole-shaped archaellin monomer has two domains, a β-barrel domain and a long, mildly kinked α-helix tail. 27922015 4 53 theme α-helix 751:757 arg1 tail 759:762 a long, mildly kinked α-helix tail 729:762 a long, mildly kinked α-helix tail 729:762 The tadpole-shaped archaellin monomer has two domains, a β-barrel domain and a long, mildly kinked α-helix tail. 27922015 7 54 from absence 1141:1147 arg1 archaellum 1174:1183 the archaellum 1170:1183 the archaellum 1170:1183 These extensive inter-subunit interactions and the absence of a central pore in the archaellum distinguish it from both the bacterial flagellum and type IV pili. 27922015 2 55 theme atomic 358:363 arg1 model 365:369 an atomic model 355:369 an atomic model 355:369 Here, we report an atomic model of the archaella, based on the cryo electron microscopy (cryoEM) structure of the Methanospirillum hungatei archaellum at 3.4 Å resolution. 27922015 0 56 from pilus 139:143 arg1 distinct 89:96 distinct 89:96 distinct 89:96 CryoEM structure of the Methanospirillum hungatei archaellum reveals structural features distinct from the bacterial flagellum and type IV pilus. 27922015 1 57 theme protein 203:209 arg1 composition 211:221 protein composition 203:221 protein composition 203:221 Archaea use flagella known as archaella-distinct both in protein composition and structure from bacterial flagella-to drive cell motility, but the structural basis of this function is unknown. 27922015 1 58 theme Archaea 146:152 arg1 flagella 158:165 Archaea use flagella 146:165 Archaea use flagella known as archaella-distinct both in protein composition and structure from bacterial flagella-to 146:262 Archaea use flagella known as archaella-distinct both in protein composition and structure from bacterial flagella-to drive cell motility, but the structural basis of this function is unknown. 27922015 5 59 theme O-linked 861:868 arg1 glycans 870:876 six O-linked glycans 857:876 six O-linked glycans 857:876 Our structure reveals multiple post-translational modifications to the archaella, including six O-linked glycans and an unusual N-linked modification. 27922015 0 60 theme structural 69:78 arg1 features 80:87 structural features 69:87 structural features distinct from the bacterial flagellum and type IV pilus 69:143 CryoEM structure of the Methanospirillum hungatei archaellum reveals structural features distinct from the bacterial flagellum and type IV pilus. 27922015 7 61 from archaellum 1174:1183 arg1 interactions 1120:1131 These extensive inter-subunit interactions 1090:1131 These extensive inter-subunit interactions 1090:1131 These extensive inter-subunit interactions and the absence of a central pore in the archaellum distinguish it from both the bacterial flagellum and type IV pili. 27922015 7 61 from archaellum 1174:1183 arg1 absence 1141:1147 the absence 1137:1147 the absence of a central pore in the archaellum 1137:1183 These extensive inter-subunit interactions and the absence of a central pore in the archaellum distinguish it from both the bacterial flagellum and type IV pili. 27922015 1 62 theme use 154:156 arg1 flagella 158:165 Archaea use flagella 146:165 Archaea use flagella known as archaella-distinct both in protein composition and structure from bacterial flagella-to 146:262 Archaea use flagella known as archaella-distinct both in protein composition and structure from bacterial flagella-to drive cell motility, but the structural basis of this function is unknown. 27922015 6 63 theme structural 1029:1038 arg1 integrity 1040:1048 the structural integrity 1025:1048 the structural integrity required for motility-driving rotation 1025:1087 The extensive interactions among neighbouring archaellins explain how the long but thin archaellum maintains the structural integrity required for motility-driving rotation. 28567692 6 0 theme Twenty-six 1022:1031 arg1 patients 1037:1044 RESULTS Twenty-six IBS patients 1014:1044 RESULTS Twenty-six IBS patients with a mean age of 46.2 ± 13.8 years 1014:1081 RESULTS Twenty-six IBS patients with a mean age of 46.2 ± 13.8 years were studied. 28567692 3 1 theme impedance 607:615 arg1 analysis 617:624 a bioelectrical impedance analysis 591:624 a bioelectrical impedance analysis 591:624 At baseline and after 8 weeks, blood tests were taken to evaluate nutritional status and a bioelectrical impedance analysis was performed to assess body composition. 28567692 1 2 theme di- 210:212 arg1 anxiety/depression 345:362 anxiety/depression 345:362 anxiety/depression 345:362 BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition, abdominal symptoms, quality of life, anxiety/depression and sleep quality of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 28567692 1 2 theme di- 210:212 arg1 quality 374:380 sleep quality 368:380 sleep quality 368:380 BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition, abdominal symptoms, quality of life, anxiety/depression and sleep quality of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 28567692 1 2 theme di- 210:212 arg1 effects 173:179 the effects 169:179 the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition 169:305 BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition, abdominal symptoms, quality of life, anxiety/depression and sleep quality of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 28567692 1 2 theme di- 210:212 arg1 quality 328:334 quality 328:334 quality of life 328:342 BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition, abdominal symptoms, quality of life, anxiety/depression and sleep quality of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 28567692 1 2 theme di- 210:212 arg1 symptoms 318:325 abdominal symptoms 308:325 abdominal symptoms 308:325 BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition, abdominal symptoms, quality of life, anxiety/depression and sleep quality of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 28567692 4 3 theme Hamilton 800:807 arg1 Scale 828:832 Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale 800:832 Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome 800:840 Anthropometric data, IBS Symptom Severity Score, results of a bowel habits questionnaire, Bristol Stool Chart classification, SF36, Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were also recorded. 28567692 10 4 from effects 1600:1606 arg1 status 1623:1628 nutritional status 1611:1628 nutritional status 1611:1628 CONCLUSIONS A low FODMAP diet improved IBS symptoms without effects on nutritional status and body composition. 28567692 10 4 from effects 1600:1606 arg1 composition 1639:1649 body composition 1634:1649 body composition 1634:1649 CONCLUSIONS A low FODMAP diet improved IBS symptoms without effects on nutritional status and body composition. 28567692 3 5 theme body 650:653 arg1 composition 655:665 body composition 650:665 body composition 650:665 At baseline and after 8 weeks, blood tests were taken to evaluate nutritional status and a bioelectrical impedance analysis was performed to assess body composition. 28567692 1 6 theme patients 385:392 arg1 anxiety/depression 345:362 anxiety/depression 345:362 anxiety/depression 345:362 BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition, abdominal symptoms, quality of life, anxiety/depression and sleep quality of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 28567692 1 6 theme patients 385:392 arg1 quality 374:380 sleep quality 368:380 sleep quality 368:380 BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition, abdominal symptoms, quality of life, anxiety/depression and sleep quality of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 28567692 1 6 theme patients 385:392 arg1 effects 173:179 the effects 169:179 the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition 169:305 BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition, abdominal symptoms, quality of life, anxiety/depression and sleep quality of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 28567692 7 7 theme bioelectrical 1164:1176 arg1 parameters 1188:1197 bioelectrical impedance parameters 1164:1197 bioelectrical impedance parameters 1164:1197 After 8 weeks, there were no abnormalities in anthropometric data, bioelectrical impedance parameters and blood tests. 28567692 1 8 theme monosaccharides 218:232 arg1 anxiety/depression 345:362 anxiety/depression 345:362 anxiety/depression 345:362 BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition, abdominal symptoms, quality of life, anxiety/depression and sleep quality of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 28567692 1 8 theme monosaccharides 218:232 arg1 quality 374:380 sleep quality 368:380 sleep quality 368:380 BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition, abdominal symptoms, quality of life, anxiety/depression and sleep quality of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 28567692 1 8 theme monosaccharides 218:232 arg1 effects 173:179 the effects 169:179 the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition 169:305 BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition, abdominal symptoms, quality of life, anxiety/depression and sleep quality of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 28567692 1 8 theme monosaccharides 218:232 arg1 quality 328:334 quality 328:334 quality of life 328:342 BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition, abdominal symptoms, quality of life, anxiety/depression and sleep quality of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 28567692 1 8 theme monosaccharides 218:232 arg1 symptoms 318:325 abdominal symptoms 308:325 abdominal symptoms 308:325 BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition, abdominal symptoms, quality of life, anxiety/depression and sleep quality of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 28567692 4 9 theme Stool 766:770 arg1 data 683:686 Anthropometric data 668:686 Anthropometric data 668:686 Anthropometric data, IBS Symptom Severity Score, results of a bowel habits questionnaire, Bristol Stool Chart classification, SF36, Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were also recorded. 28567692 4 9 theme Stool 766:770 arg1 classification 778:791 Bristol Stool Chart classification 758:791 Bristol Stool Chart classification 758:791 Anthropometric data, IBS Symptom Severity Score, results of a bowel habits questionnaire, Bristol Stool Chart classification, SF36, Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were also recorded. 28567692 1 10 theme irritable 399:407 arg1 IBS 425:427 IBS 425:427 IBS 425:427 BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition, abdominal symptoms, quality of life, anxiety/depression and sleep quality of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 28567692 1 10 theme irritable 399:407 arg1 syndrome 415:422 irritable bowel syndrome 399:422 irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) 399:428 BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition, abdominal symptoms, quality of life, anxiety/depression and sleep quality of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 28567692 1 11 theme study 146:150 arg1 aim 134:136 The aim 130:136 The aim of this study 130:150 BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition, abdominal symptoms, quality of life, anxiety/depression and sleep quality of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 28567692 4 12 theme Pittsburgh 846:855 arg1 data 683:686 Anthropometric data 668:686 Anthropometric data 668:686 Anthropometric data, IBS Symptom Severity Score, results of a bowel habits questionnaire, Bristol Stool Chart classification, SF36, Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were also recorded. 28567692 4 12 theme Pittsburgh 846:855 arg1 Index 871:875 Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index 846:875 Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index 846:875 Anthropometric data, IBS Symptom Severity Score, results of a bowel habits questionnaire, Bristol Stool Chart classification, SF36, Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were also recorded. 28567692 6 13 theme 46.2 ± 13.8 years 1065:1081 arg1 age 1058:1060 a mean age 1051:1060 a mean age of 46.2 ± 13.8 years 1051:1081 RESULTS Twenty-six IBS patients with a mean age of 46.2 ± 13.8 years were studied. 28567692 7 14 theme impedance 1178:1186 arg1 parameters 1188:1197 bioelectrical impedance parameters 1164:1197 bioelectrical impedance parameters 1164:1197 After 8 weeks, there were no abnormalities in anthropometric data, bioelectrical impedance parameters and blood tests. 28567692 4 15 theme Quality 863:869 arg1 data 683:686 Anthropometric data 668:686 Anthropometric data 668:686 Anthropometric data, IBS Symptom Severity Score, results of a bowel habits questionnaire, Bristol Stool Chart classification, SF36, Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were also recorded. 28567692 4 15 theme Quality 863:869 arg1 Index 871:875 Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index 846:875 Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index 846:875 Anthropometric data, IBS Symptom Severity Score, results of a bowel habits questionnaire, Bristol Stool Chart classification, SF36, Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were also recorded. 28567692 1 16 dep oligo- 202:207 arg1 diet 255:258 diet 255:258 diet 255:258 BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition, abdominal symptoms, quality of life, anxiety/depression and sleep quality of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 28567692 1 17 from effects 173:179 arg1 status 279:284 the nutritional status 263:284 the nutritional status 263:284 BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition, abdominal symptoms, quality of life, anxiety/depression and sleep quality of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 28567692 1 17 from effects 173:179 arg1 composition 295:305 body composition 290:305 body composition 290:305 BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition, abdominal symptoms, quality of life, anxiety/depression and sleep quality of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 28567692 8 18 dep 305.2 ± 84.1 1267:1278 arg1 p < 0.0001 1298:1307 p < 0.0001 1298:1307 p < 0.0001 1298:1307 The patients' IBS Symptom Severity Score improved (305.2 ± 84.1 vs 156.3 ± 106.4; p < 0.0001), as did bowel habits, Bristol Stool Chart classification, quality of life and HADS anxiety score, whereas sleeping quality and depression were unchanged. 28567692 4 19 theme Anxiety 820:826 arg1 Scale 828:832 Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale 800:832 Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome 800:840 Anthropometric data, IBS Symptom Severity Score, results of a bowel habits questionnaire, Bristol Stool Chart classification, SF36, Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were also recorded. 28567692 9 20 from symptoms 1490:1497 arg1 degree 1468:1473 The degree 1464:1473 The degree of relief from symptoms and satisfaction with the diet 1464:1528 The degree of relief from symptoms and satisfaction with the diet was high. 28567692 9 20 from symptoms 1490:1497 arg1 high 1534:1537 high 1534:1537 high 1534:1537 The degree of relief from symptoms and satisfaction with the diet was high. 28567692 9 20 from symptoms 1490:1497 arg1 satisfaction 1503:1514 satisfaction 1503:1514 satisfaction with the diet 1503:1528 The degree of relief from symptoms and satisfaction with the diet was high. 28567692 9 20 from symptoms 1490:1497 arg1 relief 1478:1483 relief 1478:1483 relief from symptoms 1478:1497 The degree of relief from symptoms and satisfaction with the diet was high. 28567692 8 21 theme Symptom 1234:1240 arg1 Score 1251:1255 The patients' IBS Symptom Severity Score 1216:1255 The patients' IBS Symptom Severity Score 1216:1255 The patients' IBS Symptom Severity Score improved (305.2 ± 84.1 vs 156.3 ± 106.4; p < 0.0001), as did bowel habits, Bristol Stool Chart classification, quality of life and HADS anxiety score, whereas sleeping quality and depression were unchanged. 28567692 8 22 theme anxiety 1393:1399 arg1 habits 1324:1329 bowel habits 1318:1329 bowel habits 1318:1329 The patients' IBS Symptom Severity Score improved (305.2 ± 84.1 vs 156.3 ± 106.4; p < 0.0001), as did bowel habits, Bristol Stool Chart classification, quality of life and HADS anxiety score, whereas sleeping quality and depression were unchanged. 28567692 8 22 theme anxiety 1393:1399 arg1 score 1401:1405 HADS anxiety score 1388:1405 HADS anxiety score 1388:1405 The patients' IBS Symptom Severity Score improved (305.2 ± 84.1 vs 156.3 ± 106.4; p < 0.0001), as did bowel habits, Bristol Stool Chart classification, quality of life and HADS anxiety score, whereas sleeping quality and depression were unchanged. 28567692 0 23 theme bowel 67:71 arg1 syndrome 73:80 irritable bowel syndrome 57:80 irritable bowel syndrome 57:80 Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis in patients with irritable bowel syndrome on a low FODMAP diet: a pilot study. 28567692 1 24 theme nutritional 267:277 arg1 status 279:284 the nutritional status 263:284 the nutritional status 263:284 BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition, abdominal symptoms, quality of life, anxiety/depression and sleep quality of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 28567692 3 25 theme blood 533:537 arg1 tests 539:543 blood tests 533:543 blood tests 533:543 At baseline and after 8 weeks, blood tests were taken to evaluate nutritional status and a bioelectrical impedance analysis was performed to assess body composition. 28567692 9 26 from degree 1468:1473 arg1 symptoms 1490:1497 symptoms 1490:1497 symptoms 1490:1497 The degree of relief from symptoms and satisfaction with the diet was high. 28567692 7 27 theme anthropometric 1143:1156 arg1 data 1158:1161 anthropometric data 1143:1161 anthropometric data 1143:1161 After 8 weeks, there were no abnormalities in anthropometric data, bioelectrical impedance parameters and blood tests. 28567692 8 28 dep did 1314:1316 arg1 as 1311:1312 as 1311:1312 as 1311:1312 The patients' IBS Symptom Severity Score improved (305.2 ± 84.1 vs 156.3 ± 106.4; p < 0.0001), as did bowel habits, Bristol Stool Chart classification, quality of life and HADS anxiety score, whereas sleeping quality and depression were unchanged. 28567692 8 29 theme sleeping 1416:1423 arg1 quality 1425:1431 sleeping quality 1416:1431 sleeping quality 1416:1431 The patients' IBS Symptom Severity Score improved (305.2 ± 84.1 vs 156.3 ± 106.4; p < 0.0001), as did bowel habits, Bristol Stool Chart classification, quality of life and HADS anxiety score, whereas sleeping quality and depression were unchanged. 28567692 4 30 theme Symptom 693:699 arg1 data 683:686 Anthropometric data 668:686 Anthropometric data 668:686 Anthropometric data, IBS Symptom Severity Score, results of a bowel habits questionnaire, Bristol Stool Chart classification, SF36, Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were also recorded. 28567692 4 30 theme Symptom 693:699 arg1 Score 710:714 IBS Symptom Severity Score 689:714 IBS Symptom Severity Score 689:714 Anthropometric data, IBS Symptom Severity Score, results of a bowel habits questionnaire, Bristol Stool Chart classification, SF36, Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were also recorded. 28567692 0 31 theme low 87:89 arg1 diet 98:101 a low FODMAP diet 85:101 a low FODMAP diet 85:101 Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis in patients with irritable bowel syndrome on a low FODMAP diet: a pilot study. 28567692 1 32 theme abdominal 308:316 arg1 effects 173:179 the effects 169:179 the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition 169:305 BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition, abdominal symptoms, quality of life, anxiety/depression and sleep quality of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 28567692 1 32 theme abdominal 308:316 arg1 symptoms 318:325 abdominal symptoms 308:325 abdominal symptoms 308:325 BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition, abdominal symptoms, quality of life, anxiety/depression and sleep quality of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 28567692 5 33 theme 8-week 908:913 arg1 period 920:925 the 8-week diet period 904:925 the 8-week diet period 904:925 During the 8-week diet period, the patients were phoned periodically by the nutritionist to verify their compliance. 28567692 4 34 theme Anthropometric 668:681 arg1 classification 778:791 Bristol Stool Chart classification 758:791 Bristol Stool Chart classification 758:791 Anthropometric data, IBS Symptom Severity Score, results of a bowel habits questionnaire, Bristol Stool Chart classification, SF36, Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were also recorded. 28567692 4 34 theme Anthropometric 668:681 arg1 Score 710:714 IBS Symptom Severity Score 689:714 IBS Symptom Severity Score 689:714 Anthropometric data, IBS Symptom Severity Score, results of a bowel habits questionnaire, Bristol Stool Chart classification, SF36, Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were also recorded. 28567692 4 34 theme Anthropometric 668:681 arg1 Index 871:875 Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index 846:875 Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index 846:875 Anthropometric data, IBS Symptom Severity Score, results of a bowel habits questionnaire, Bristol Stool Chart classification, SF36, Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were also recorded. 28567692 4 34 theme Anthropometric 668:681 arg1 outcome 834:840 Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome 800:840 Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome 800:840 Anthropometric data, IBS Symptom Severity Score, results of a bowel habits questionnaire, Bristol Stool Chart classification, SF36, Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were also recorded. 28567692 4 34 theme Anthropometric 668:681 arg1 data 683:686 Anthropometric data 668:686 Anthropometric data 668:686 Anthropometric data, IBS Symptom Severity Score, results of a bowel habits questionnaire, Bristol Stool Chart classification, SF36, Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were also recorded. 28567692 4 34 theme Anthropometric 668:681 arg1 SF36 794:797 SF36 794:797 SF36 794:797 Anthropometric data, IBS Symptom Severity Score, results of a bowel habits questionnaire, Bristol Stool Chart classification, SF36, Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were also recorded. 28567692 4 34 theme Anthropometric 668:681 arg1 results 717:723 results 717:723 results of a bowel habits questionnaire 717:755 Anthropometric data, IBS Symptom Severity Score, results of a bowel habits questionnaire, Bristol Stool Chart classification, SF36, Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were also recorded. 28567692 10 35 theme low 1554:1556 arg1 diet 1565:1568 A low FODMAP diet 1552:1568 A low FODMAP diet 1552:1568 CONCLUSIONS A low FODMAP diet improved IBS symptoms without effects on nutritional status and body composition. 28567692 0 36 theme Bioelectrical 0:12 arg1 analysis 31:38 Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis 0:38 Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis in patients with irritable bowel syndrome on a low FODMAP diet: a pilot study. 0:117 Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis in patients with irritable bowel syndrome on a low FODMAP diet: a pilot study. 28567692 1 37 dep BACKGROUND 119:128 arg1 was 152:154 was 152:154 was to determine the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition, abdominal symptoms, quality of life, anxiety/depression and sleep quality of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) 152:428 BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition, abdominal symptoms, quality of life, anxiety/depression and sleep quality of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 28567692 4 38 theme habits 736:741 arg1 questionnaire 743:755 a bowel habits questionnaire 728:755 a bowel habits questionnaire 728:755 Anthropometric data, IBS Symptom Severity Score, results of a bowel habits questionnaire, Bristol Stool Chart classification, SF36, Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were also recorded. 28567692 0 39 theme vector 24:29 arg1 analysis 31:38 Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis 0:38 Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis in patients with irritable bowel syndrome on a low FODMAP diet: a pilot study. 0:117 Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis in patients with irritable bowel syndrome on a low FODMAP diet: a pilot study. 28567692 3 40 theme nutritional 568:578 arg1 status 580:585 nutritional status 568:585 nutritional status 568:585 At baseline and after 8 weeks, blood tests were taken to evaluate nutritional status and a bioelectrical impedance analysis was performed to assess body composition. 28567692 8 41 theme bowel 1318:1322 arg1 habits 1324:1329 bowel habits 1318:1329 bowel habits 1318:1329 The patients' IBS Symptom Severity Score improved (305.2 ± 84.1 vs 156.3 ± 106.4; p < 0.0001), as did bowel habits, Bristol Stool Chart classification, quality of life and HADS anxiety score, whereas sleeping quality and depression were unchanged. 28567692 8 41 theme bowel 1318:1322 arg1 classification 1352:1365 Bristol Stool Chart classification 1332:1365 Bristol Stool Chart classification 1332:1365 The patients' IBS Symptom Severity Score improved (305.2 ± 84.1 vs 156.3 ± 106.4; p < 0.0001), as did bowel habits, Bristol Stool Chart classification, quality of life and HADS anxiety score, whereas sleeping quality and depression were unchanged. 28567692 8 41 theme bowel 1318:1322 arg1 quality 1368:1374 quality 1368:1374 quality of life 1368:1382 The patients' IBS Symptom Severity Score improved (305.2 ± 84.1 vs 156.3 ± 106.4; p < 0.0001), as did bowel habits, Bristol Stool Chart classification, quality of life and HADS anxiety score, whereas sleeping quality and depression were unchanged. 28567692 8 41 theme bowel 1318:1322 arg1 score 1401:1405 HADS anxiety score 1388:1405 HADS anxiety score 1388:1405 The patients' IBS Symptom Severity Score improved (305.2 ± 84.1 vs 156.3 ± 106.4; p < 0.0001), as did bowel habits, Bristol Stool Chart classification, quality of life and HADS anxiety score, whereas sleeping quality and depression were unchanged. 28567692 10 42 theme IBS 1579:1581 arg1 symptoms 1583:1590 IBS symptoms 1579:1590 IBS symptoms 1579:1590 CONCLUSIONS A low FODMAP diet improved IBS symptoms without effects on nutritional status and body composition. 28567692 8 43 dep improved 1257:1264 arg1 156.3 ± 106.4 1283:1295 156.3 ± 106.4 1283:1295 156.3 ± 106.4 1283:1295 The patients' IBS Symptom Severity Score improved (305.2 ± 84.1 vs 156.3 ± 106.4; p < 0.0001), as did bowel habits, Bristol Stool Chart classification, quality of life and HADS anxiety score, whereas sleeping quality and depression were unchanged. 28567692 8 43 dep improved 1257:1264 arg1 305.2 ± 84.1 1267:1278 305.2 ± 84.1 1267:1278 305.2 ± 84.1 1267:1278 The patients' IBS Symptom Severity Score improved (305.2 ± 84.1 vs 156.3 ± 106.4; p < 0.0001), as did bowel habits, Bristol Stool Chart classification, quality of life and HADS anxiety score, whereas sleeping quality and depression were unchanged. 28567692 8 43 dep improved 1257:1264 arg1 whereas 1408:1414 whereas 1408:1414 whereas 1408:1414 The patients' IBS Symptom Severity Score improved (305.2 ± 84.1 vs 156.3 ± 106.4; p < 0.0001), as did bowel habits, Bristol Stool Chart classification, quality of life and HADS anxiety score, whereas sleeping quality and depression were unchanged. 28567692 6 44 theme mean 1053:1056 arg1 age 1058:1060 a mean age 1051:1060 a mean age of 46.2 ± 13.8 years 1051:1081 RESULTS Twenty-six IBS patients with a mean age of 46.2 ± 13.8 years were studied. 28567692 3 45 theme bioelectrical 593:605 arg1 analysis 617:624 a bioelectrical impedance analysis 591:624 a bioelectrical impedance analysis 591:624 At baseline and after 8 weeks, blood tests were taken to evaluate nutritional status and a bioelectrical impedance analysis was performed to assess body composition. 28567692 8 46 theme Stool 1340:1344 arg1 habits 1324:1329 bowel habits 1318:1329 bowel habits 1318:1329 The patients' IBS Symptom Severity Score improved (305.2 ± 84.1 vs 156.3 ± 106.4; p < 0.0001), as did bowel habits, Bristol Stool Chart classification, quality of life and HADS anxiety score, whereas sleeping quality and depression were unchanged. 28567692 8 46 theme Stool 1340:1344 arg1 classification 1352:1365 Bristol Stool Chart classification 1332:1365 Bristol Stool Chart classification 1332:1365 The patients' IBS Symptom Severity Score improved (305.2 ± 84.1 vs 156.3 ± 106.4; p < 0.0001), as did bowel habits, Bristol Stool Chart classification, quality of life and HADS anxiety score, whereas sleeping quality and depression were unchanged. 28567692 1 47 theme fermentable 190:200 arg1 oligo- 202:207 a low fermentable oligo- 184:207 a low fermentable oligo- 184:207 BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition, abdominal symptoms, quality of life, anxiety/depression and sleep quality of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 28567692 6 48 theme IBS 1033:1035 arg1 patients 1037:1044 RESULTS Twenty-six IBS patients 1014:1044 RESULTS Twenty-six IBS patients with a mean age of 46.2 ± 13.8 years 1014:1081 RESULTS Twenty-six IBS patients with a mean age of 46.2 ± 13.8 years were studied. 28567692 10 49 theme body 1634:1637 arg1 composition 1639:1649 body composition 1634:1649 body composition 1634:1649 CONCLUSIONS A low FODMAP diet improved IBS symptoms without effects on nutritional status and body composition. 28567692 6 50 theme RESULTS 1014:1020 arg1 patients 1037:1044 RESULTS Twenty-six IBS patients 1014:1044 RESULTS Twenty-six IBS patients with a mean age of 46.2 ± 13.8 years 1014:1081 RESULTS Twenty-six IBS patients with a mean age of 46.2 ± 13.8 years were studied. 28567692 10 51 dep CONCLUSIONS 1540:1550 arg1 improved 1570:1577 improved 1570:1577 improved IBS symptoms without effects on nutritional status and body composition 1570:1649 CONCLUSIONS A low FODMAP diet improved IBS symptoms without effects on nutritional status and body composition. 28567692 9 52 with satisfaction 1503:1514 arg1 diet 1525:1528 the diet 1521:1528 the diet 1521:1528 The degree of relief from symptoms and satisfaction with the diet was high. 28567692 6 53 with patients 1037:1044 arg1 age 1058:1060 a mean age 1051:1060 a mean age of 46.2 ± 13.8 years 1051:1081 RESULTS Twenty-six IBS patients with a mean age of 46.2 ± 13.8 years were studied. 28567692 4 54 theme Bristol 758:764 arg1 data 683:686 Anthropometric data 668:686 Anthropometric data 668:686 Anthropometric data, IBS Symptom Severity Score, results of a bowel habits questionnaire, Bristol Stool Chart classification, SF36, Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were also recorded. 28567692 4 54 theme Bristol 758:764 arg1 classification 778:791 Bristol Stool Chart classification 758:791 Bristol Stool Chart classification 758:791 Anthropometric data, IBS Symptom Severity Score, results of a bowel habits questionnaire, Bristol Stool Chart classification, SF36, Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were also recorded. 28567692 1 55 theme bowel 409:413 arg1 IBS 425:427 IBS 425:427 IBS 425:427 BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition, abdominal symptoms, quality of life, anxiety/depression and sleep quality of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 28567692 1 55 theme bowel 409:413 arg1 syndrome 415:422 irritable bowel syndrome 399:422 irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) 399:428 BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition, abdominal symptoms, quality of life, anxiety/depression and sleep quality of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 28567692 4 56 theme Chart 772:776 arg1 data 683:686 Anthropometric data 668:686 Anthropometric data 668:686 Anthropometric data, IBS Symptom Severity Score, results of a bowel habits questionnaire, Bristol Stool Chart classification, SF36, Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were also recorded. 28567692 4 56 theme Chart 772:776 arg1 classification 778:791 Bristol Stool Chart classification 758:791 Bristol Stool Chart classification 758:791 Anthropometric data, IBS Symptom Severity Score, results of a bowel habits questionnaire, Bristol Stool Chart classification, SF36, Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were also recorded. 28567692 9 57 with relief 1478:1483 arg1 diet 1525:1528 the diet 1521:1528 the diet 1521:1528 The degree of relief from symptoms and satisfaction with the diet was high. 28567692 0 58 theme pilot 106:110 arg1 study 112:116 a pilot study 104:116 Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis in patients with irritable bowel syndrome on a low FODMAP diet: a pilot study. 0:117 Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis in patients with irritable bowel syndrome on a low FODMAP diet: a pilot study. 28567692 2 59 theme FODMAP 477:482 arg1 diet 484:487 a low FODMAP diet 471:487 a low FODMAP diet for 8 weeks 471:499 METHODS Consecutive patients were given a low FODMAP diet for 8 weeks. 28567692 4 60 theme Sleep 857:861 arg1 data 683:686 Anthropometric data 668:686 Anthropometric data 668:686 Anthropometric data, IBS Symptom Severity Score, results of a bowel habits questionnaire, Bristol Stool Chart classification, SF36, Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were also recorded. 28567692 4 60 theme Sleep 857:861 arg1 Index 871:875 Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index 846:875 Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index 846:875 Anthropometric data, IBS Symptom Severity Score, results of a bowel habits questionnaire, Bristol Stool Chart classification, SF36, Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were also recorded. 28567692 8 61 theme life 1379:1382 arg1 habits 1324:1329 bowel habits 1318:1329 bowel habits 1318:1329 The patients' IBS Symptom Severity Score improved (305.2 ± 84.1 vs 156.3 ± 106.4; p < 0.0001), as did bowel habits, Bristol Stool Chart classification, quality of life and HADS anxiety score, whereas sleeping quality and depression were unchanged. 28567692 8 61 theme life 1379:1382 arg1 score 1401:1405 HADS anxiety score 1388:1405 HADS anxiety score 1388:1405 The patients' IBS Symptom Severity Score improved (305.2 ± 84.1 vs 156.3 ± 106.4; p < 0.0001), as did bowel habits, Bristol Stool Chart classification, quality of life and HADS anxiety score, whereas sleeping quality and depression were unchanged. 28567692 8 61 theme life 1379:1382 arg1 quality 1368:1374 quality 1368:1374 quality of life 1368:1382 The patients' IBS Symptom Severity Score improved (305.2 ± 84.1 vs 156.3 ± 106.4; p < 0.0001), as did bowel habits, Bristol Stool Chart classification, quality of life and HADS anxiety score, whereas sleeping quality and depression were unchanged. 28567692 8 61 theme life 1379:1382 arg1 classification 1352:1365 Bristol Stool Chart classification 1332:1365 Bristol Stool Chart classification 1332:1365 The patients' IBS Symptom Severity Score improved (305.2 ± 84.1 vs 156.3 ± 106.4; p < 0.0001), as did bowel habits, Bristol Stool Chart classification, quality of life and HADS anxiety score, whereas sleeping quality and depression were unchanged. 28567692 1 62 theme life 339:342 arg1 effects 173:179 the effects 169:179 the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition 169:305 BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition, abdominal symptoms, quality of life, anxiety/depression and sleep quality of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 28567692 1 62 theme life 339:342 arg1 quality 328:334 quality 328:334 quality of life 328:342 BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition, abdominal symptoms, quality of life, anxiety/depression and sleep quality of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 28567692 4 63 theme Depression 809:818 arg1 Scale 828:832 Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale 800:832 Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome 800:840 Anthropometric data, IBS Symptom Severity Score, results of a bowel habits questionnaire, Bristol Stool Chart classification, SF36, Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were also recorded. 28567692 8 64 theme HADS 1388:1391 arg1 habits 1324:1329 bowel habits 1318:1329 bowel habits 1318:1329 The patients' IBS Symptom Severity Score improved (305.2 ± 84.1 vs 156.3 ± 106.4; p < 0.0001), as did bowel habits, Bristol Stool Chart classification, quality of life and HADS anxiety score, whereas sleeping quality and depression were unchanged. 28567692 8 64 theme HADS 1388:1391 arg1 score 1401:1405 HADS anxiety score 1388:1405 HADS anxiety score 1388:1405 The patients' IBS Symptom Severity Score improved (305.2 ± 84.1 vs 156.3 ± 106.4; p < 0.0001), as did bowel habits, Bristol Stool Chart classification, quality of life and HADS anxiety score, whereas sleeping quality and depression were unchanged. 28567692 0 65 dep analysis 31:38 arg1 study 112:116 a pilot study 104:116 Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis in patients with irritable bowel syndrome on a low FODMAP diet: a pilot study. 0:117 Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis in patients with irritable bowel syndrome on a low FODMAP diet: a pilot study. 28567692 4 66 theme Scale 828:832 arg1 data 683:686 Anthropometric data 668:686 Anthropometric data 668:686 Anthropometric data, IBS Symptom Severity Score, results of a bowel habits questionnaire, Bristol Stool Chart classification, SF36, Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were also recorded. 28567692 4 66 theme Scale 828:832 arg1 outcome 834:840 Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome 800:840 Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome 800:840 Anthropometric data, IBS Symptom Severity Score, results of a bowel habits questionnaire, Bristol Stool Chart classification, SF36, Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were also recorded. 28567692 8 67 theme IBS 1230:1232 arg1 Score 1251:1255 The patients' IBS Symptom Severity Score 1216:1255 The patients' IBS Symptom Severity Score 1216:1255 The patients' IBS Symptom Severity Score improved (305.2 ± 84.1 vs 156.3 ± 106.4; p < 0.0001), as did bowel habits, Bristol Stool Chart classification, quality of life and HADS anxiety score, whereas sleeping quality and depression were unchanged. 28567692 1 68 theme sleep 368:372 arg1 quality 374:380 sleep quality 368:380 sleep quality 368:380 BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition, abdominal symptoms, quality of life, anxiety/depression and sleep quality of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 28567692 1 68 theme sleep 368:372 arg1 effects 173:179 the effects 169:179 the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition 169:305 BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition, abdominal symptoms, quality of life, anxiety/depression and sleep quality of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 28567692 0 69 from analysis 31:38 arg1 patients 43:50 patients 43:50 patients with irritable bowel syndrome 43:80 Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis in patients with irritable bowel syndrome on a low FODMAP diet: a pilot study. 28567692 0 69 from analysis 31:38 arg1 diet 98:101 a low FODMAP diet 85:101 a low FODMAP diet 85:101 Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis in patients with irritable bowel syndrome on a low FODMAP diet: a pilot study. 28567692 8 70 theme Severity 1242:1249 arg1 Score 1251:1255 The patients' IBS Symptom Severity Score 1216:1255 The patients' IBS Symptom Severity Score 1216:1255 The patients' IBS Symptom Severity Score improved (305.2 ± 84.1 vs 156.3 ± 106.4; p < 0.0001), as did bowel habits, Bristol Stool Chart classification, quality of life and HADS anxiety score, whereas sleeping quality and depression were unchanged. 28567692 0 71 theme FODMAP 91:96 arg1 diet 98:101 a low FODMAP diet 85:101 a low FODMAP diet 85:101 Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis in patients with irritable bowel syndrome on a low FODMAP diet: a pilot study. 28567692 1 72 theme body 290:293 arg1 composition 295:305 body composition 290:305 body composition 290:305 BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition, abdominal symptoms, quality of life, anxiety/depression and sleep quality of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 28567692 4 73 theme IBS 689:691 arg1 data 683:686 Anthropometric data 668:686 Anthropometric data 668:686 Anthropometric data, IBS Symptom Severity Score, results of a bowel habits questionnaire, Bristol Stool Chart classification, SF36, Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were also recorded. 28567692 4 73 theme IBS 689:691 arg1 Score 710:714 IBS Symptom Severity Score 689:714 IBS Symptom Severity Score 689:714 Anthropometric data, IBS Symptom Severity Score, results of a bowel habits questionnaire, Bristol Stool Chart classification, SF36, Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were also recorded. 28567692 2 74 theme Consecutive 439:449 arg1 patients 451:458 Consecutive patients 439:458 Consecutive patients 439:458 METHODS Consecutive patients were given a low FODMAP diet for 8 weeks. 28567692 4 75 theme Severity 701:708 arg1 data 683:686 Anthropometric data 668:686 Anthropometric data 668:686 Anthropometric data, IBS Symptom Severity Score, results of a bowel habits questionnaire, Bristol Stool Chart classification, SF36, Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were also recorded. 28567692 4 75 theme Severity 701:708 arg1 Score 710:714 IBS Symptom Severity Score 689:714 IBS Symptom Severity Score 689:714 Anthropometric data, IBS Symptom Severity Score, results of a bowel habits questionnaire, Bristol Stool Chart classification, SF36, Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were also recorded. 28567692 10 76 theme FODMAP 1558:1563 arg1 diet 1565:1568 A low FODMAP diet 1552:1568 A low FODMAP diet 1552:1568 CONCLUSIONS A low FODMAP diet improved IBS symptoms without effects on nutritional status and body composition. 28567692 0 77 theme impedance 14:22 arg1 analysis 31:38 Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis 0:38 Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis in patients with irritable bowel syndrome on a low FODMAP diet: a pilot study. 0:117 Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis in patients with irritable bowel syndrome on a low FODMAP diet: a pilot study. 28567692 9 78 theme relief 1478:1483 arg1 degree 1468:1473 The degree 1464:1473 The degree of relief from symptoms and satisfaction with the diet 1464:1528 The degree of relief from symptoms and satisfaction with the diet was high. 28567692 9 78 theme relief 1478:1483 arg1 high 1534:1537 high 1534:1537 high 1534:1537 The degree of relief from symptoms and satisfaction with the diet was high. 28567692 2 79 theme low 473:475 arg1 diet 484:487 a low FODMAP diet 471:487 a low FODMAP diet for 8 weeks 471:499 METHODS Consecutive patients were given a low FODMAP diet for 8 weeks. 28567692 9 80 theme satisfaction 1503:1514 arg1 degree 1468:1473 The degree 1464:1473 The degree of relief from symptoms and satisfaction with the diet 1464:1528 The degree of relief from symptoms and satisfaction with the diet was high. 28567692 9 80 theme satisfaction 1503:1514 arg1 high 1534:1537 high 1534:1537 high 1534:1537 The degree of relief from symptoms and satisfaction with the diet was high. 28567692 1 81 with patients 385:392 arg1 IBS 425:427 IBS 425:427 IBS 425:427 BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition, abdominal symptoms, quality of life, anxiety/depression and sleep quality of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 28567692 1 81 with patients 385:392 arg1 syndrome 415:422 irritable bowel syndrome 399:422 irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) 399:428 BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition, abdominal symptoms, quality of life, anxiety/depression and sleep quality of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 28567692 4 82 theme bowel 730:734 arg1 questionnaire 743:755 a bowel habits questionnaire 728:755 a bowel habits questionnaire 728:755 Anthropometric data, IBS Symptom Severity Score, results of a bowel habits questionnaire, Bristol Stool Chart classification, SF36, Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were also recorded. 28567692 0 83 theme irritable 57:65 arg1 syndrome 73:80 irritable bowel syndrome 57:80 irritable bowel syndrome 57:80 Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis in patients with irritable bowel syndrome on a low FODMAP diet: a pilot study. 28567692 4 84 theme questionnaire 743:755 arg1 classification 778:791 Bristol Stool Chart classification 758:791 Bristol Stool Chart classification 758:791 Anthropometric data, IBS Symptom Severity Score, results of a bowel habits questionnaire, Bristol Stool Chart classification, SF36, Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were also recorded. 28567692 4 84 theme questionnaire 743:755 arg1 Score 710:714 IBS Symptom Severity Score 689:714 IBS Symptom Severity Score 689:714 Anthropometric data, IBS Symptom Severity Score, results of a bowel habits questionnaire, Bristol Stool Chart classification, SF36, Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were also recorded. 28567692 4 84 theme questionnaire 743:755 arg1 Index 871:875 Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index 846:875 Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index 846:875 Anthropometric data, IBS Symptom Severity Score, results of a bowel habits questionnaire, Bristol Stool Chart classification, SF36, Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were also recorded. 28567692 4 84 theme questionnaire 743:755 arg1 outcome 834:840 Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome 800:840 Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome 800:840 Anthropometric data, IBS Symptom Severity Score, results of a bowel habits questionnaire, Bristol Stool Chart classification, SF36, Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were also recorded. 28567692 4 84 theme questionnaire 743:755 arg1 data 683:686 Anthropometric data 668:686 Anthropometric data 668:686 Anthropometric data, IBS Symptom Severity Score, results of a bowel habits questionnaire, Bristol Stool Chart classification, SF36, Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were also recorded. 28567692 4 84 theme questionnaire 743:755 arg1 SF36 794:797 SF36 794:797 SF36 794:797 Anthropometric data, IBS Symptom Severity Score, results of a bowel habits questionnaire, Bristol Stool Chart classification, SF36, Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were also recorded. 28567692 4 84 theme questionnaire 743:755 arg1 results 717:723 results 717:723 results of a bowel habits questionnaire 717:755 Anthropometric data, IBS Symptom Severity Score, results of a bowel habits questionnaire, Bristol Stool Chart classification, SF36, Hamilton Depression Anxiety Scale outcome and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were also recorded. 28567692 10 85 theme nutritional 1611:1621 arg1 status 1623:1628 nutritional status 1611:1628 nutritional status 1611:1628 CONCLUSIONS A low FODMAP diet improved IBS symptoms without effects on nutritional status and body composition. 28567692 2 86 dep METHODS 431:437 arg1 given 465:469 given 465:469 were given a low FODMAP diet for 8 weeks 460:499 METHODS Consecutive patients were given a low FODMAP diet for 8 weeks. 28567692 5 87 theme diet 915:918 arg1 period 920:925 the 8-week diet period 904:925 the 8-week diet period 904:925 During the 8-week diet period, the patients were phoned periodically by the nutritionist to verify their compliance. 28567692 7 88 theme blood 1203:1207 arg1 tests 1209:1213 blood tests 1203:1213 blood tests 1203:1213 After 8 weeks, there were no abnormalities in anthropometric data, bioelectrical impedance parameters and blood tests. 28567692 8 89 theme Bristol 1332:1338 arg1 habits 1324:1329 bowel habits 1318:1329 bowel habits 1318:1329 The patients' IBS Symptom Severity Score improved (305.2 ± 84.1 vs 156.3 ± 106.4; p < 0.0001), as did bowel habits, Bristol Stool Chart classification, quality of life and HADS anxiety score, whereas sleeping quality and depression were unchanged. 28567692 8 89 theme Bristol 1332:1338 arg1 classification 1352:1365 Bristol Stool Chart classification 1332:1365 Bristol Stool Chart classification 1332:1365 The patients' IBS Symptom Severity Score improved (305.2 ± 84.1 vs 156.3 ± 106.4; p < 0.0001), as did bowel habits, Bristol Stool Chart classification, quality of life and HADS anxiety score, whereas sleeping quality and depression were unchanged. 28567692 1 90 theme low 186:188 arg1 oligo- 202:207 a low fermentable oligo- 184:207 a low fermentable oligo- 184:207 BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition, abdominal symptoms, quality of life, anxiety/depression and sleep quality of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 28567692 8 91 theme Chart 1346:1350 arg1 habits 1324:1329 bowel habits 1318:1329 bowel habits 1318:1329 The patients' IBS Symptom Severity Score improved (305.2 ± 84.1 vs 156.3 ± 106.4; p < 0.0001), as did bowel habits, Bristol Stool Chart classification, quality of life and HADS anxiety score, whereas sleeping quality and depression were unchanged. 28567692 8 91 theme Chart 1346:1350 arg1 classification 1352:1365 Bristol Stool Chart classification 1332:1365 Bristol Stool Chart classification 1332:1365 The patients' IBS Symptom Severity Score improved (305.2 ± 84.1 vs 156.3 ± 106.4; p < 0.0001), as did bowel habits, Bristol Stool Chart classification, quality of life and HADS anxiety score, whereas sleeping quality and depression were unchanged. 28567692 0 92 with patients 43:50 arg1 syndrome 73:80 irritable bowel syndrome 57:80 irritable bowel syndrome 57:80 Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis in patients with irritable bowel syndrome on a low FODMAP diet: a pilot study. 28567692 1 93 theme oligo- 202:207 arg1 anxiety/depression 345:362 anxiety/depression 345:362 anxiety/depression 345:362 BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition, abdominal symptoms, quality of life, anxiety/depression and sleep quality of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 28567692 1 93 theme oligo- 202:207 arg1 quality 374:380 sleep quality 368:380 sleep quality 368:380 BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition, abdominal symptoms, quality of life, anxiety/depression and sleep quality of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 28567692 1 93 theme oligo- 202:207 arg1 effects 173:179 the effects 169:179 the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition 169:305 BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition, abdominal symptoms, quality of life, anxiety/depression and sleep quality of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 28567692 1 93 theme oligo- 202:207 arg1 quality 328:334 quality 328:334 quality of life 328:342 BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition, abdominal symptoms, quality of life, anxiety/depression and sleep quality of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 28567692 1 93 theme oligo- 202:207 arg1 symptoms 318:325 abdominal symptoms 308:325 abdominal symptoms 308:325 BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet on the nutritional status and body composition, abdominal symptoms, quality of life, anxiety/depression and sleep quality of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 24299870 7 0 theme additives 1228:1236 arg1 effect 1213:1218 the effect 1209:1218 the effect of both additives 1209:1236 The response of plasticized chitosan-nanocellulose films (without lipid addition) was also investigated, in order to facilitate the understanding of the effect of both additives. 24299870 4 1 theme cellulose 708:716 arg1 content 718:724 cellulose content 708:724 cellulose content 708:724 Unexpectedly, opacity decreased as cellulose content increased, which balanced the reduced transparency due to lipid addition. 24299870 6 2 theme glycerol- 1010:1018 arg1 phases 1038:1043 the glycerol- and chitosan-rich phases 1006:1043 the glycerol- and chitosan-rich phases 1006:1043 Results from dynamic mechanical tests revealed that all films present two main relaxations that could be ascribed to the glycerol- and chitosan-rich phases, respectively. 24299870 2 3 theme tensile 502:508 arg1 behavior 510:517 their tensile behavior 496:517 their tensile behavior 496:517 The combined use of cellulose nanoparticles and olive oil proved to be an efficient method to reduce the inherently high water vapor permeability of plasticized chitosan films, improving at the same time their tensile behavior. 24299870 3 4 theme same 527:530 arg1 time 532:535 the same time 523:535 the same time 523:535 At the same time, it was found that the water solubility slightly decreased as the cellulose content increased, and further decreased with oil addition. 24299870 2 5 theme nanoparticles 322:334 arg1 use 305:307 The combined use 292:307 The combined use of cellulose nanoparticles and olive oil 292:348 The combined use of cellulose nanoparticles and olive oil proved to be an efficient method to reduce the inherently high water vapor permeability of plasticized chitosan films, improving at the same time their tensile behavior. 24299870 2 5 theme nanoparticles 322:334 arg1 method 376:381 an efficient method 363:381 an efficient method to reduce the inherently high water vapor permeability of plasticized chitosan films, improving at the same time their tensile behavior 363:517 The combined use of cellulose nanoparticles and olive oil proved to be an efficient method to reduce the inherently high water vapor permeability of plasticized chitosan films, improving at the same time their tensile behavior. 24299870 4 6 theme reduced 756:762 arg1 transparency 764:775 the reduced transparency 752:775 the reduced transparency due to lipid addition 752:797 Unexpectedly, opacity decreased as cellulose content increased, which balanced the reduced transparency due to lipid addition. 24299870 6 7 theme mechanical 910:919 arg1 tests 921:925 dynamic mechanical tests 902:925 dynamic mechanical tests 902:925 Results from dynamic mechanical tests revealed that all films present two main relaxations that could be ascribed to the glycerol- and chitosan-rich phases, respectively. 24299870 4 8 theme due 777:779 arg1 transparency 764:775 the reduced transparency 752:775 the reduced transparency due to lipid addition 752:797 Unexpectedly, opacity decreased as cellulose content increased, which balanced the reduced transparency due to lipid addition. 24299870 2 9 theme cellulose 312:320 arg1 nanoparticles 322:334 cellulose nanoparticles 312:334 cellulose nanoparticles 312:334 The combined use of cellulose nanoparticles and olive oil proved to be an efficient method to reduce the inherently high water vapor permeability of plasticized chitosan films, improving at the same time their tensile behavior. 24299870 6 10 theme dynamic 902:908 arg1 tests 921:925 dynamic mechanical tests 902:925 dynamic mechanical tests 902:925 Results from dynamic mechanical tests revealed that all films present two main relaxations that could be ascribed to the glycerol- and chitosan-rich phases, respectively. 24299870 7 11 theme lipid 1126:1130 arg1 addition 1132:1139 lipid addition 1126:1139 lipid addition 1126:1139 The response of plasticized chitosan-nanocellulose films (without lipid addition) was also investigated, in order to facilitate the understanding of the effect of both additives. 24299870 1 12 theme film-forming 181:192 arg1 emulsions 194:202 film-forming emulsions 181:202 film-forming emulsions based on chitosan/glycerol/olive oil containing dispersed cellulose nanocrystals (CNs) 181:289 Composite films designed as potentially edible food packaging were prepared by casting film-forming emulsions based on chitosan/glycerol/olive oil containing dispersed cellulose nanocrystals (CNs). 24299870 7 13 theme effect 1213:1218 arg1 understanding 1192:1204 the understanding 1188:1204 the understanding of the effect of both additives 1188:1236 The response of plasticized chitosan-nanocellulose films (without lipid addition) was also investigated, in order to facilitate the understanding of the effect of both additives. 24299870 4 14 theme lipid 784:788 arg1 addition 790:797 lipid addition 784:797 lipid addition 784:797 Unexpectedly, opacity decreased as cellulose content increased, which balanced the reduced transparency due to lipid addition. 24299870 2 15 theme water 413:417 arg1 permeability 425:436 the inherently high water vapor permeability 393:436 the inherently high water vapor permeability of plasticized chitosan films 393:466 The combined use of cellulose nanoparticles and olive oil proved to be an efficient method to reduce the inherently high water vapor permeability of plasticized chitosan films, improving at the same time their tensile behavior. 24299870 1 16 theme Composite 94:102 arg1 films 104:108 Composite films 94:108 Composite films designed as potentially edible food packaging 94:154 Composite films designed as potentially edible food packaging were prepared by casting film-forming emulsions based on chitosan/glycerol/olive oil containing dispersed cellulose nanocrystals (CNs). 24299870 2 17 theme high 408:411 arg1 permeability 425:436 the inherently high water vapor permeability 393:436 the inherently high water vapor permeability of plasticized chitosan films 393:466 The combined use of cellulose nanoparticles and olive oil proved to be an efficient method to reduce the inherently high water vapor permeability of plasticized chitosan films, improving at the same time their tensile behavior. 24299870 0 18 theme Polyelectrolyte 0:14 arg1 films 16:20 Polyelectrolyte films 0:20 Polyelectrolyte films 0:20 Polyelectrolyte films based on chitosan/olive oil and reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals. 24299870 2 19 theme oil 346:348 arg1 use 305:307 The combined use 292:307 The combined use of cellulose nanoparticles and olive oil 292:348 The combined use of cellulose nanoparticles and olive oil proved to be an efficient method to reduce the inherently high water vapor permeability of plasticized chitosan films, improving at the same time their tensile behavior. 24299870 2 19 theme oil 346:348 arg1 method 376:381 an efficient method 363:381 an efficient method to reduce the inherently high water vapor permeability of plasticized chitosan films, improving at the same time their tensile behavior 363:517 The combined use of cellulose nanoparticles and olive oil proved to be an efficient method to reduce the inherently high water vapor permeability of plasticized chitosan films, improving at the same time their tensile behavior. 24299870 5 20 theme CN 829:830 arg1 addition 832:839 CN addition 829:839 CN addition 829:839 Contact angle decreased with CN addition, but increased when olive oil was incorporated. 24299870 7 21 theme chitosan-nanocellulose 1088:1109 arg1 films 1111:1115 plasticized chitosan-nanocellulose films 1076:1115 plasticized chitosan-nanocellulose films (without lipid addition) 1076:1140 The response of plasticized chitosan-nanocellulose films (without lipid addition) was also investigated, in order to facilitate the understanding of the effect of both additives. 24299870 2 22 theme olive 340:344 arg1 oil 346:348 olive oil 340:348 olive oil 340:348 The combined use of cellulose nanoparticles and olive oil proved to be an efficient method to reduce the inherently high water vapor permeability of plasticized chitosan films, improving at the same time their tensile behavior. 24299870 3 23 located found 545:549 arg2 it 538:539 it 538:539 it 538:539 At the same time, it was found that the water solubility slightly decreased as the cellulose content increased, and further decreased with oil addition. 24299870 3 23 located found 545:549 arg1 time 532:535 the same time 523:535 the same time 523:535 At the same time, it was found that the water solubility slightly decreased as the cellulose content increased, and further decreased with oil addition. 24299870 2 24 theme chitosan 453:460 arg1 films 462:466 plasticized chitosan films 441:466 plasticized chitosan films 441:466 The combined use of cellulose nanoparticles and olive oil proved to be an efficient method to reduce the inherently high water vapor permeability of plasticized chitosan films, improving at the same time their tensile behavior. 24299870 2 25 theme films 462:466 arg1 permeability 425:436 the inherently high water vapor permeability 393:436 the inherently high water vapor permeability of plasticized chitosan films 393:466 The combined use of cellulose nanoparticles and olive oil proved to be an efficient method to reduce the inherently high water vapor permeability of plasticized chitosan films, improving at the same time their tensile behavior. 24299870 7 26 theme films 1111:1115 arg1 response 1064:1071 The response 1060:1071 The response of plasticized chitosan-nanocellulose films (without lipid addition) 1060:1140 The response of plasticized chitosan-nanocellulose films (without lipid addition) was also investigated, in order to facilitate the understanding of the effect of both additives. 24299870 3 27 theme water 560:564 arg1 solubility 566:575 the water solubility 556:575 the water solubility 556:575 At the same time, it was found that the water solubility slightly decreased as the cellulose content increased, and further decreased with oil addition. 24299870 2 28 theme plasticized 441:451 arg1 films 462:466 plasticized chitosan films 441:466 plasticized chitosan films 441:466 The combined use of cellulose nanoparticles and olive oil proved to be an efficient method to reduce the inherently high water vapor permeability of plasticized chitosan films, improving at the same time their tensile behavior. 24299870 3 29 theme oil 659:661 arg1 addition 663:670 oil addition 659:670 oil addition 659:670 At the same time, it was found that the water solubility slightly decreased as the cellulose content increased, and further decreased with oil addition. 24299870 2 30 theme vapor 419:423 arg1 permeability 425:436 the inherently high water vapor permeability 393:436 the inherently high water vapor permeability of plasticized chitosan films 393:466 The combined use of cellulose nanoparticles and olive oil proved to be an efficient method to reduce the inherently high water vapor permeability of plasticized chitosan films, improving at the same time their tensile behavior. 24299870 6 31 theme main 963:966 arg1 relaxations 968:978 two main relaxations 959:978 two main relaxations that could be ascribed to the glycerol- and chitosan-rich phases, respectively 959:1057 Results from dynamic mechanical tests revealed that all films present two main relaxations that could be ascribed to the glycerol- and chitosan-rich phases, respectively. 24299870 0 32 theme chitosan/olive 31:44 arg1 oil 46:48 chitosan/olive oil 31:48 chitosan/olive oil 31:48 Polyelectrolyte films based on chitosan/olive oil and reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals. 24299870 3 33 theme cellulose 603:611 arg1 content 613:619 the cellulose content 599:619 the cellulose content 599:619 At the same time, it was found that the water solubility slightly decreased as the cellulose content increased, and further decreased with oil addition. 24299870 1 34 theme dispersed 252:260 arg1 CNs 286:288 CNs 286:288 CNs 286:288 Composite films designed as potentially edible food packaging were prepared by casting film-forming emulsions based on chitosan/glycerol/olive oil containing dispersed cellulose nanocrystals (CNs). 24299870 1 34 theme dispersed 252:260 arg1 nanocrystals 272:283 dispersed cellulose nanocrystals 252:283 dispersed cellulose nanocrystals (CNs) 252:289 Composite films designed as potentially edible food packaging were prepared by casting film-forming emulsions based on chitosan/glycerol/olive oil containing dispersed cellulose nanocrystals (CNs). 24299870 2 35 theme same 486:489 arg1 time 491:494 the same time 482:494 the same time 482:494 The combined use of cellulose nanoparticles and olive oil proved to be an efficient method to reduce the inherently high water vapor permeability of plasticized chitosan films, improving at the same time their tensile behavior. 24299870 2 36 theme efficient 366:374 arg1 use 305:307 The combined use 292:307 The combined use of cellulose nanoparticles and olive oil 292:348 The combined use of cellulose nanoparticles and olive oil proved to be an efficient method to reduce the inherently high water vapor permeability of plasticized chitosan films, improving at the same time their tensile behavior. 24299870 2 36 theme efficient 366:374 arg1 method 376:381 an efficient method 363:381 an efficient method to reduce the inherently high water vapor permeability of plasticized chitosan films, improving at the same time their tensile behavior 363:517 The combined use of cellulose nanoparticles and olive oil proved to be an efficient method to reduce the inherently high water vapor permeability of plasticized chitosan films, improving at the same time their tensile behavior. 24299870 7 37 theme plasticized 1076:1086 arg1 films 1111:1115 plasticized chitosan-nanocellulose films 1076:1115 plasticized chitosan-nanocellulose films (without lipid addition) 1076:1140 The response of plasticized chitosan-nanocellulose films (without lipid addition) was also investigated, in order to facilitate the understanding of the effect of both additives. 24299870 1 38 theme edible 134:139 arg1 packaging 146:154 potentially edible food packaging 122:154 potentially edible food packaging 122:154 Composite films designed as potentially edible food packaging were prepared by casting film-forming emulsions based on chitosan/glycerol/olive oil containing dispersed cellulose nanocrystals (CNs). 24299870 1 39 contain containing 241:250 arg1 oil 237:239 chitosan/glycerol/olive oil 213:239 chitosan/glycerol/olive oil containing dispersed cellulose nanocrystals (CNs) 213:289 Composite films designed as potentially edible food packaging were prepared by casting film-forming emulsions based on chitosan/glycerol/olive oil containing dispersed cellulose nanocrystals (CNs). 24299870 1 39 contain containing 241:250 arg2 CNs 286:288 CNs 286:288 CNs 286:288 Composite films designed as potentially edible food packaging were prepared by casting film-forming emulsions based on chitosan/glycerol/olive oil containing dispersed cellulose nanocrystals (CNs). 24299870 1 39 contain containing 241:250 arg2 nanocrystals 272:283 dispersed cellulose nanocrystals 252:283 dispersed cellulose nanocrystals (CNs) 252:289 Composite films designed as potentially edible food packaging were prepared by casting film-forming emulsions based on chitosan/glycerol/olive oil containing dispersed cellulose nanocrystals (CNs). 24299870 2 40 theme combined 296:303 arg1 use 305:307 The combined use 292:307 The combined use of cellulose nanoparticles and olive oil 292:348 The combined use of cellulose nanoparticles and olive oil proved to be an efficient method to reduce the inherently high water vapor permeability of plasticized chitosan films, improving at the same time their tensile behavior. 24299870 2 40 theme combined 296:303 arg1 method 376:381 an efficient method 363:381 an efficient method to reduce the inherently high water vapor permeability of plasticized chitosan films, improving at the same time their tensile behavior 363:517 The combined use of cellulose nanoparticles and olive oil proved to be an efficient method to reduce the inherently high water vapor permeability of plasticized chitosan films, improving at the same time their tensile behavior. 24299870 1 41 theme food 141:144 arg1 packaging 146:154 potentially edible food packaging 122:154 potentially edible food packaging 122:154 Composite films designed as potentially edible food packaging were prepared by casting film-forming emulsions based on chitosan/glycerol/olive oil containing dispersed cellulose nanocrystals (CNs). 24299870 1 42 theme cellulose 262:270 arg1 CNs 286:288 CNs 286:288 CNs 286:288 Composite films designed as potentially edible food packaging were prepared by casting film-forming emulsions based on chitosan/glycerol/olive oil containing dispersed cellulose nanocrystals (CNs). 24299870 1 42 theme cellulose 262:270 arg1 nanocrystals 272:283 dispersed cellulose nanocrystals 252:283 dispersed cellulose nanocrystals (CNs) 252:289 Composite films designed as potentially edible food packaging were prepared by casting film-forming emulsions based on chitosan/glycerol/olive oil containing dispersed cellulose nanocrystals (CNs). 24299870 0 43 theme cellulose 70:78 arg1 nanocrystals 80:91 cellulose nanocrystals 70:91 cellulose nanocrystals 70:91 Polyelectrolyte films based on chitosan/olive oil and reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals. 24299870 5 44 theme olive 861:865 arg1 oil 867:869 olive oil 861:869 olive oil 861:869 Contact angle decreased with CN addition, but increased when olive oil was incorporated. 24299870 1 45 theme chitosan/glycerol/olive 213:235 arg1 oil 237:239 chitosan/glycerol/olive oil 213:239 chitosan/glycerol/olive oil containing dispersed cellulose nanocrystals (CNs) 213:289 Composite films designed as potentially edible food packaging were prepared by casting film-forming emulsions based on chitosan/glycerol/olive oil containing dispersed cellulose nanocrystals (CNs). 24299870 6 46 theme chitosan-rich 1024:1036 arg1 phases 1038:1043 the glycerol- and chitosan-rich phases 1006:1043 the glycerol- and chitosan-rich phases 1006:1043 Results from dynamic mechanical tests revealed that all films present two main relaxations that could be ascribed to the glycerol- and chitosan-rich phases, respectively. 24299870 6 47 from tests 921:925 arg1 Results 889:895 Results 889:895 Results from dynamic mechanical tests 889:925 Results from dynamic mechanical tests revealed that all films present two main relaxations that could be ascribed to the glycerol- and chitosan-rich phases, respectively. 24299870 5 48 theme Contact 800:806 arg1 angle 808:812 Contact angle 800:812 Contact angle 800:812 Contact angle decreased with CN addition, but increased when olive oil was incorporated. 24767057 6 0 theme Somogyi 1011:1017 arg1 kifli 1019:1023 Somogyi kifli 1011:1023 Somogyi kifli 1011:1023 Irrespective of the length of dormancy a substantial difference in metabolite composition at each time point upon storage was detected in each cultivar except Somogyi kifli, the only cultivar amongst those tested with a pure Solanum tuberosum origin and A cooking type. 24767057 1 1 theme sugar 212:216 arg1 alcohols 218:225 sugar alcohols 212:225 sugar alcohols 212:225 Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a system for the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids, we characterised six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees, starch contents, cooking types, and dormancy periods, in five developmental stages from harvest to sprouting. 24767057 0 2 theme cultivars 68:76 arg1 tubers 40:45 the tubers 36:45 the tubers of commercial potato cultivars upon storage 36:89 A GC-MS-based metabolomics study on the tubers of commercial potato cultivars upon storage. 24767057 1 3 with cultivars 284:292 arg1 pedigrees 380:388 different pedigrees 370:388 different pedigrees 370:388 Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a system for the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids, we characterised six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees, starch contents, cooking types, and dormancy periods, in five developmental stages from harvest to sprouting. 24767057 1 4 theme alcohols 218:225 arg1 detection 163:171 the detection 159:171 the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids 159:242 Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a system for the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids, we characterised six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees, starch contents, cooking types, and dormancy periods, in five developmental stages from harvest to sprouting. 24767057 3 5 theme principal 586:594 arg1 analysis 606:613 principal component analysis 586:613 principal component analysis 586:613 The metabolite data were subjected to principal component analysis. 24767057 4 6 theme tubers 680:685 arg1 content 698:704 starch content 691:704 starch content 691:704 No correlation between metabolite contents of freshly harvested tubers and starch content or cooking type of the cultivars was detected. 24767057 4 6 theme tubers 680:685 arg1 type 717:720 cooking type 709:720 cooking type 709:720 No correlation between metabolite contents of freshly harvested tubers and starch content or cooking type of the cultivars was detected. 24767057 4 6 theme tubers 680:685 arg1 contents 650:657 metabolite contents 639:657 metabolite contents of freshly harvested tubers 639:685 No correlation between metabolite contents of freshly harvested tubers and starch content or cooking type of the cultivars was detected. 24767057 6 7 theme dormancy 882:889 arg1 length 872:877 the length 868:877 the length of dormancy 868:889 Irrespective of the length of dormancy a substantial difference in metabolite composition at each time point upon storage was detected in each cultivar except Somogyi kifli, the only cultivar amongst those tested with a pure Solanum tuberosum origin and A cooking type. 24767057 6 8 theme tuberosum 1085:1093 arg1 origin 1095:1100 a pure Solanum tuberosum origin 1070:1100 a pure Solanum tuberosum origin 1070:1100 Irrespective of the length of dormancy a substantial difference in metabolite composition at each time point upon storage was detected in each cultivar except Somogyi kifli, the only cultivar amongst those tested with a pure Solanum tuberosum origin and A cooking type. 24767057 4 9 theme harvested 670:678 arg1 tubers 680:685 freshly harvested tubers 662:685 freshly harvested tubers 662:685 No correlation between metabolite contents of freshly harvested tubers and starch content or cooking type of the cultivars was detected. 24767057 6 10 theme substantial 893:903 arg1 difference 905:914 a substantial difference 891:914 a substantial difference in metabolite composition at each time point upon storage 891:972 Irrespective of the length of dormancy a substantial difference in metabolite composition at each time point upon storage was detected in each cultivar except Somogyi kifli, the only cultivar amongst those tested with a pure Solanum tuberosum origin and A cooking type. 24767057 5 11 theme proline 818:824 arg1 concentrations 826:839 the proline concentrations 814:839 the proline concentrations of tubers 814:849 The storage decreased the fructose and sucrose and increased the proline concentrations of tubers. 24767057 6 12 from difference 905:914 arg1 composition 930:940 metabolite composition 919:940 metabolite composition 919:940 Irrespective of the length of dormancy a substantial difference in metabolite composition at each time point upon storage was detected in each cultivar except Somogyi kifli, the only cultivar amongst those tested with a pure Solanum tuberosum origin and A cooking type. 24767057 1 13 theme different 370:378 arg1 pedigrees 380:388 different pedigrees 370:388 different pedigrees 370:388 Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a system for the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids, we characterised six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees, starch contents, cooking types, and dormancy periods, in five developmental stages from harvest to sprouting. 24767057 4 14 theme starch 691:696 arg1 content 698:704 starch content 691:704 starch content 691:704 No correlation between metabolite contents of freshly harvested tubers and starch content or cooking type of the cultivars was detected. 24767057 6 15 located detected 978:985 arg2 difference 905:914 a substantial difference 891:914 a substantial difference in metabolite composition at each time point upon storage 891:972 Irrespective of the length of dormancy a substantial difference in metabolite composition at each time point upon storage was detected in each cultivar except Somogyi kifli, the only cultivar amongst those tested with a pure Solanum tuberosum origin and A cooking type. 24767057 6 15 located detected 978:985 arg1 cultivar 995:1002 each cultivar 990:1002 each cultivar 990:1002 Irrespective of the length of dormancy a substantial difference in metabolite composition at each time point upon storage was detected in each cultivar except Somogyi kifli, the only cultivar amongst those tested with a pure Solanum tuberosum origin and A cooking type. 24767057 1 16 with types 416:420 arg1 pedigrees 380:388 different pedigrees 370:388 different pedigrees 370:388 Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a system for the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids, we characterised six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees, starch contents, cooking types, and dormancy periods, in five developmental stages from harvest to sprouting. 24767057 6 17 theme pure 1072:1075 arg1 origin 1095:1100 a pure Solanum tuberosum origin 1070:1100 a pure Solanum tuberosum origin 1070:1100 Irrespective of the length of dormancy a substantial difference in metabolite composition at each time point upon storage was detected in each cultivar except Somogyi kifli, the only cultivar amongst those tested with a pure Solanum tuberosum origin and A cooking type. 24767057 1 18 theme developmental 453:465 arg1 stages 467:472 five developmental stages 448:472 five developmental stages from harvest to sprouting 448:498 Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a system for the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids, we characterised six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees, starch contents, cooking types, and dormancy periods, in five developmental stages from harvest to sprouting. 24767057 0 19 theme GC-MS-based 2:12 arg1 metabolomics 14:25 A GC-MS-based metabolomics 0:25 A GC-MS-based metabolomics 0:25 A GC-MS-based metabolomics study on the tubers of commercial potato cultivars upon storage. 24767057 6 20 from point 955:959 arg1 difference 905:914 a substantial difference 891:914 a substantial difference in metabolite composition at each time point upon storage 891:972 Irrespective of the length of dormancy a substantial difference in metabolite composition at each time point upon storage was detected in each cultivar except Somogyi kifli, the only cultivar amongst those tested with a pure Solanum tuberosum origin and A cooking type. 24767057 1 21 theme fatty 232:236 arg1 acids 238:242 fatty acids 232:242 fatty acids 232:242 Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a system for the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids, we characterised six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees, starch contents, cooking types, and dormancy periods, in five developmental stages from harvest to sprouting. 24767057 1 22 theme starch 391:396 arg1 contents 398:405 starch contents 391:405 starch contents 391:405 Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a system for the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids, we characterised six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees, starch contents, cooking types, and dormancy periods, in five developmental stages from harvest to sprouting. 24767057 4 23 theme metabolite 639:648 arg1 contents 650:657 metabolite contents 639:657 metabolite contents of freshly harvested tubers 639:685 No correlation between metabolite contents of freshly harvested tubers and starch content or cooking type of the cultivars was detected. 24767057 6 24 theme metabolite 919:928 arg1 composition 930:940 metabolite composition 919:940 metabolite composition 919:940 Irrespective of the length of dormancy a substantial difference in metabolite composition at each time point upon storage was detected in each cultivar except Somogyi kifli, the only cultivar amongst those tested with a pure Solanum tuberosum origin and A cooking type. 24767057 1 25 theme acids 238:242 arg1 detection 163:171 the detection 159:171 the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids 159:242 Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a system for the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids, we characterised six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees, starch contents, cooking types, and dormancy periods, in five developmental stages from harvest to sprouting. 24767057 4 26 theme cultivars 729:737 arg1 content 698:704 starch content 691:704 starch content 691:704 No correlation between metabolite contents of freshly harvested tubers and starch content or cooking type of the cultivars was detected. 24767057 4 26 theme cultivars 729:737 arg1 type 717:720 cooking type 709:720 cooking type 709:720 No correlation between metabolite contents of freshly harvested tubers and starch content or cooking type of the cultivars was detected. 24767057 4 26 theme cultivars 729:737 arg1 contents 650:657 metabolite contents 639:657 metabolite contents of freshly harvested tubers 639:685 No correlation between metabolite contents of freshly harvested tubers and starch content or cooking type of the cultivars was detected. 24767057 1 27 theme amino 176:180 arg1 acids 182:186 amino acids 176:186 amino acids 176:186 Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a system for the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids, we characterised six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees, starch contents, cooking types, and dormancy periods, in five developmental stages from harvest to sprouting. 24767057 1 28 theme gas 98:100 arg1 GC-MS 136:140 GC-MS 136:140 GC-MS 136:140 Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a system for the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids, we characterised six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees, starch contents, cooking types, and dormancy periods, in five developmental stages from harvest to sprouting. 24767057 1 28 theme gas 98:100 arg1 spectrometry 122:133 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 98:133 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 98:141 Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a system for the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids, we characterised six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees, starch contents, cooking types, and dormancy periods, in five developmental stages from harvest to sprouting. 24767057 1 28 theme gas 98:100 arg1 system 148:153 a system 146:153 a system for the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids 146:242 Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a system for the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids, we characterised six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees, starch contents, cooking types, and dormancy periods, in five developmental stages from harvest to sprouting. 24767057 1 29 theme acids 182:186 arg1 detection 163:171 the detection 159:171 the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids 159:242 Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a system for the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids, we characterised six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees, starch contents, cooking types, and dormancy periods, in five developmental stages from harvest to sprouting. 24767057 6 30 theme time 950:953 arg1 point 955:959 each time point 945:959 each time point upon storage 945:972 Irrespective of the length of dormancy a substantial difference in metabolite composition at each time point upon storage was detected in each cultivar except Somogyi kifli, the only cultivar amongst those tested with a pure Solanum tuberosum origin and A cooking type. 24767057 1 31 theme organic 189:195 arg1 acids 197:201 organic acids 189:201 organic acids 189:201 Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a system for the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids, we characterised six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees, starch contents, cooking types, and dormancy periods, in five developmental stages from harvest to sprouting. 24767057 1 32 with contents 398:405 arg1 pedigrees 380:388 different pedigrees 370:388 different pedigrees 370:388 Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a system for the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids, we characterised six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees, starch contents, cooking types, and dormancy periods, in five developmental stages from harvest to sprouting. 24767057 1 33 theme cooking 408:414 arg1 types 416:420 cooking types 408:420 cooking types 408:420 Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a system for the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids, we characterised six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees, starch contents, cooking types, and dormancy periods, in five developmental stages from harvest to sprouting. 24767057 1 34 theme chromatography-mass 102:120 arg1 GC-MS 136:140 GC-MS 136:140 GC-MS 136:140 Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a system for the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids, we characterised six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees, starch contents, cooking types, and dormancy periods, in five developmental stages from harvest to sprouting. 24767057 1 34 theme chromatography-mass 102:120 arg1 spectrometry 122:133 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 98:133 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 98:141 Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a system for the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids, we characterised six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees, starch contents, cooking types, and dormancy periods, in five developmental stages from harvest to sprouting. 24767057 1 34 theme chromatography-mass 102:120 arg1 system 148:153 a system 146:153 a system for the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids 146:242 Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a system for the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids, we characterised six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees, starch contents, cooking types, and dormancy periods, in five developmental stages from harvest to sprouting. 24767057 1 35 theme commercial 266:275 arg1 Lady 359:362 White Lady 353:362 White Lady 353:362 Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a system for the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids, we characterised six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees, starch contents, cooking types, and dormancy periods, in five developmental stages from harvest to sprouting. 24767057 1 35 theme commercial 266:275 arg1 Vénusz 336:341 Vénusz 336:341 Vénusz 336:341 Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a system for the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids, we characterised six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees, starch contents, cooking types, and dormancy periods, in five developmental stages from harvest to sprouting. 24767057 1 35 theme commercial 266:275 arg1 Katica 305:310 Katica 305:310 Katica 305:310 Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a system for the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids, we characterised six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees, starch contents, cooking types, and dormancy periods, in five developmental stages from harvest to sprouting. 24767057 1 35 theme commercial 266:275 arg1 Lorett 313:318 Lorett 313:318 Lorett 313:318 Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a system for the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids, we characterised six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees, starch contents, cooking types, and dormancy periods, in five developmental stages from harvest to sprouting. 24767057 1 35 theme commercial 266:275 arg1 Gold 343:346 Gold 343:346 Gold 343:346 Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a system for the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids, we characterised six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees, starch contents, cooking types, and dormancy periods, in five developmental stages from harvest to sprouting. 24767057 1 35 theme commercial 266:275 arg1 cultivars 284:292 six commercial potato cultivars 262:292 six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees 262:388 Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a system for the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids, we characterised six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees, starch contents, cooking types, and dormancy periods, in five developmental stages from harvest to sprouting. 24767057 1 35 theme commercial 266:275 arg1 Somogyi 321:327 Somogyi 321:327 Somogyi 321:327 Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a system for the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids, we characterised six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees, starch contents, cooking types, and dormancy periods, in five developmental stages from harvest to sprouting. 24767057 1 36 from harvest 479:485 arg1 stages 467:472 five developmental stages 448:472 five developmental stages from harvest to sprouting 448:498 Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a system for the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids, we characterised six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees, starch contents, cooking types, and dormancy periods, in five developmental stages from harvest to sprouting. 24767057 1 37 theme potato 277:282 arg1 Lady 359:362 White Lady 353:362 White Lady 353:362 Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a system for the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids, we characterised six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees, starch contents, cooking types, and dormancy periods, in five developmental stages from harvest to sprouting. 24767057 1 37 theme potato 277:282 arg1 Vénusz 336:341 Vénusz 336:341 Vénusz 336:341 Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a system for the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids, we characterised six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees, starch contents, cooking types, and dormancy periods, in five developmental stages from harvest to sprouting. 24767057 1 37 theme potato 277:282 arg1 Katica 305:310 Katica 305:310 Katica 305:310 Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a system for the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids, we characterised six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees, starch contents, cooking types, and dormancy periods, in five developmental stages from harvest to sprouting. 24767057 1 37 theme potato 277:282 arg1 Lorett 313:318 Lorett 313:318 Lorett 313:318 Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a system for the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids, we characterised six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees, starch contents, cooking types, and dormancy periods, in five developmental stages from harvest to sprouting. 24767057 1 37 theme potato 277:282 arg1 Gold 343:346 Gold 343:346 Gold 343:346 Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a system for the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids, we characterised six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees, starch contents, cooking types, and dormancy periods, in five developmental stages from harvest to sprouting. 24767057 1 37 theme potato 277:282 arg1 cultivars 284:292 six commercial potato cultivars 262:292 six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees 262:388 Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a system for the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids, we characterised six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees, starch contents, cooking types, and dormancy periods, in five developmental stages from harvest to sprouting. 24767057 1 37 theme potato 277:282 arg1 Somogyi 321:327 Somogyi 321:327 Somogyi 321:327 Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a system for the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids, we characterised six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees, starch contents, cooking types, and dormancy periods, in five developmental stages from harvest to sprouting. 24767057 6 38 theme only 1030:1033 arg1 cultivar 1035:1042 the only cultivar 1026:1042 the only cultivar amongst those tested with a pure Solanum tuberosum origin 1026:1100 Irrespective of the length of dormancy a substantial difference in metabolite composition at each time point upon storage was detected in each cultivar except Somogyi kifli, the only cultivar amongst those tested with a pure Solanum tuberosum origin and A cooking type. 24767057 1 39 theme acids 197:201 arg1 detection 163:171 the detection 159:171 the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids 159:242 Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a system for the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids, we characterised six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees, starch contents, cooking types, and dormancy periods, in five developmental stages from harvest to sprouting. 24767057 3 40 theme metabolite 552:561 arg1 data 563:566 The metabolite data 548:566 The metabolite data 548:566 The metabolite data were subjected to principal component analysis. 24767057 6 41 theme cooking 1108:1114 arg1 type 1116:1119 A cooking type 1106:1119 A cooking type 1106:1119 Irrespective of the length of dormancy a substantial difference in metabolite composition at each time point upon storage was detected in each cultivar except Somogyi kifli, the only cultivar amongst those tested with a pure Solanum tuberosum origin and A cooking type. 24767057 5 42 theme tubers 844:849 arg1 concentrations 826:839 the proline concentrations 814:839 the proline concentrations of tubers 814:849 The storage decreased the fructose and sucrose and increased the proline concentrations of tubers. 24767057 0 43 theme potato 61:66 arg1 cultivars 68:76 commercial potato cultivars 50:76 commercial potato cultivars 50:76 A GC-MS-based metabolomics study on the tubers of commercial potato cultivars upon storage. 24767057 1 44 theme White 353:357 arg1 Lady 359:362 White Lady 353:362 White Lady 353:362 Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a system for the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids, we characterised six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees, starch contents, cooking types, and dormancy periods, in five developmental stages from harvest to sprouting. 24767057 1 44 theme White 353:357 arg1 cultivars 284:292 six commercial potato cultivars 262:292 six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees 262:388 Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a system for the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids, we characterised six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees, starch contents, cooking types, and dormancy periods, in five developmental stages from harvest to sprouting. 24767057 1 45 theme dormancy 427:434 arg1 periods 436:442 dormancy periods 427:442 dormancy periods 427:442 Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a system for the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids, we characterised six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees, starch contents, cooking types, and dormancy periods, in five developmental stages from harvest to sprouting. 24767057 1 46 theme sugars 204:209 arg1 detection 163:171 the detection 159:171 the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids 159:242 Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a system for the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids, we characterised six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees, starch contents, cooking types, and dormancy periods, in five developmental stages from harvest to sprouting. 24767057 0 47 theme commercial 50:59 arg1 cultivars 68:76 commercial potato cultivars 50:76 commercial potato cultivars 50:76 A GC-MS-based metabolomics study on the tubers of commercial potato cultivars upon storage. 24767057 3 48 theme component 596:604 arg1 analysis 606:613 principal component analysis 586:613 principal component analysis 586:613 The metabolite data were subjected to principal component analysis. 24767057 4 49 theme cooking 709:715 arg1 type 717:720 cooking type 709:720 cooking type 709:720 No correlation between metabolite contents of freshly harvested tubers and starch content or cooking type of the cultivars was detected. 24767057 1 50 with periods 436:442 arg1 pedigrees 380:388 different pedigrees 370:388 different pedigrees 370:388 Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a system for the detection of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids, we characterised six commercial potato cultivars (Hópehely, Katica, Lorett, Somogyi kifli, Vénusz Gold, and White Lady) with different pedigrees, starch contents, cooking types, and dormancy periods, in five developmental stages from harvest to sprouting. 24893270 0 0 theme substituted 94:104 arg1 β-cyclodextrin 106:119 substituted β-cyclodextrin 94:119 substituted β-cyclodextrin as chiral mobile phase additive and evaluation of inclusion complex formation 94:197 Enantioseparation of mandelic acid derivatives by high performance liquid chromatography with substituted β-cyclodextrin as chiral mobile phase additive and evaluation of inclusion complex formation. 24893270 2 1 theme various 556:562 arg1 factors 564:570 various factors 556:570 various factors such as the composition of mobile phase, concentration of cyclodextrins and column temperature 556:665 The effects of various factors such as the composition of mobile phase, concentration of cyclodextrins and column temperature on retention and enantioselectivity were studied. 24893270 2 1 theme various 556:562 arg1 temperature 655:665 column temperature 648:665 column temperature 648:665 The effects of various factors such as the composition of mobile phase, concentration of cyclodextrins and column temperature on retention and enantioselectivity were studied. 24893270 2 1 theme various 556:562 arg1 concentration 613:625 concentration 613:625 concentration of cyclodextrins 613:642 The effects of various factors such as the composition of mobile phase, concentration of cyclodextrins and column temperature on retention and enantioselectivity were studied. 24893270 2 1 theme various 556:562 arg1 composition 584:594 the composition 580:594 the composition of mobile phase 580:610 The effects of various factors such as the composition of mobile phase, concentration of cyclodextrins and column temperature on retention and enantioselectivity were studied. 24893270 3 2 contain had 942:944 arg1 temperature 930:940 temperature 930:940 temperature 930:940 The peak resolutions and retention time of the enantiomers were strongly affected by the pH, the organic modifier and the type of β-cyclodextrin in the mobile phase, while the concentration of buffer solution and temperature had a relatively low effect on resolutions. 24893270 3 2 contain had 942:944 arg2 effect 963:968 a relatively low effect 946:968 a relatively low effect on resolutions 946:983 The peak resolutions and retention time of the enantiomers were strongly affected by the pH, the organic modifier and the type of β-cyclodextrin in the mobile phase, while the concentration of buffer solution and temperature had a relatively low effect on resolutions. 24893270 3 2 contain had 942:944 arg1 concentration 893:905 the concentration 889:905 the concentration of buffer solution 889:924 The peak resolutions and retention time of the enantiomers were strongly affected by the pH, the organic modifier and the type of β-cyclodextrin in the mobile phase, while the concentration of buffer solution and temperature had a relatively low effect on resolutions. 24893270 5 3 contain containing 1179:1188 arg2 -1 1198:1199 -1 1198:1199 -1 1198:1199 The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.10molL(-1) of phosphate buffer at pH 2.68 containing 20mmolL(-1) of HP-β-CD or SBE-β-CD. 24893270 5 3 contain containing 1179:1188 arg2 20mmolL 1190:1196 20mmolL 1190:1196 20mmolL(-1) of HP-β-CD or SBE-β-CD 1190:1223 The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.10molL(-1) of phosphate buffer at pH 2.68 containing 20mmolL(-1) of HP-β-CD or SBE-β-CD. 24893270 5 3 contain containing 1179:1188 arg1 buffer 1161:1166 phosphate buffer 1151:1166 phosphate buffer at pH 2.68 containing 20mmolL(-1) of HP-β-CD or SBE-β-CD 1151:1223 The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.10molL(-1) of phosphate buffer at pH 2.68 containing 20mmolL(-1) of HP-β-CD or SBE-β-CD. 24893270 2 4 theme column 648:653 arg1 temperature 655:665 column temperature 648:665 column temperature 648:665 The effects of various factors such as the composition of mobile phase, concentration of cyclodextrins and column temperature on retention and enantioselectivity were studied. 24893270 1 5 theme phase 280:284 arg1 chromatography 310:323 reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography 272:323 reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) 272:413 The enantioseparation of ten mandelic acid derivatives was performed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) as chiral mobile phase additives, in which inclusion complex formations between cyclodextrins and enantiomers were evaluated. 24893270 3 6 theme enantiomers 764:774 arg1 resolutions 726:736 peak resolutions 721:736 peak resolutions 721:736 The peak resolutions and retention time of the enantiomers were strongly affected by the pH, the organic modifier and the type of β-cyclodextrin in the mobile phase, while the concentration of buffer solution and temperature had a relatively low effect on resolutions. 24893270 3 6 theme enantiomers 764:774 arg1 time 752:755 retention time 742:755 retention time 742:755 The peak resolutions and retention time of the enantiomers were strongly affected by the pH, the organic modifier and the type of β-cyclodextrin in the mobile phase, while the concentration of buffer solution and temperature had a relatively low effect on resolutions. 24893270 3 7 theme peak 721:724 arg1 resolutions 726:736 peak resolutions 721:736 peak resolutions 721:736 The peak resolutions and retention time of the enantiomers were strongly affected by the pH, the organic modifier and the type of β-cyclodextrin in the mobile phase, while the concentration of buffer solution and temperature had a relatively low effect on resolutions. 24893270 1 8 theme high 286:289 arg1 chromatography 310:323 reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography 272:323 reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) 272:413 The enantioseparation of ten mandelic acid derivatives was performed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) as chiral mobile phase additives, in which inclusion complex formations between cyclodextrins and enantiomers were evaluated. 24893270 5 9 from 0.10molL 1135:1142 arg1 pH 1171:1172 pH 2.68 1171:1177 pH 2.68 1171:1177 The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.10molL(-1) of phosphate buffer at pH 2.68 containing 20mmolL(-1) of HP-β-CD or SBE-β-CD. 24893270 6 10 theme Semi-preparative 1226:1241 arg1 enantioseparation 1243:1259 Semi-preparative enantioseparation 1226:1259 Semi-preparative enantioseparation of about 10mg of α-cyclohexylmandelic acid and α-cyclopentylmandelic acid 1226:1333 Semi-preparative enantioseparation of about 10mg of α-cyclohexylmandelic acid and α-cyclopentylmandelic acid were established individually. 24893270 8 11 theme inclusion 1510:1518 arg1 complex 1520:1526 all the inclusion complex 1502:1526 all the inclusion complex 1502:1526 Results showed that stoichiometries for all the inclusion complex of cyclodextrin-enantiomers were 1:1. 24893270 1 12 theme performance 291:301 arg1 chromatography 310:323 reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography 272:323 reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) 272:413 The enantioseparation of ten mandelic acid derivatives was performed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) as chiral mobile phase additives, in which inclusion complex formations between cyclodextrins and enantiomers were evaluated. 24893270 6 13 theme acid 1330:1333 arg1 10mg 1270:1273 about 10mg 1264:1273 about 10mg of α-cyclohexylmandelic acid and α-cyclopentylmandelic acid 1264:1333 Semi-preparative enantioseparation of about 10mg of α-cyclohexylmandelic acid and α-cyclopentylmandelic acid were established individually. 24893270 0 14 with chromatography 74:87 arg1 β-cyclodextrin 106:119 substituted β-cyclodextrin 94:119 substituted β-cyclodextrin as chiral mobile phase additive and evaluation of inclusion complex formation 94:197 Enantioseparation of mandelic acid derivatives by high performance liquid chromatography with substituted β-cyclodextrin as chiral mobile phase additive and evaluation of inclusion complex formation. 24893270 1 15 theme liquid 303:308 arg1 chromatography 310:323 reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography 272:323 reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) 272:413 The enantioseparation of ten mandelic acid derivatives was performed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) as chiral mobile phase additives, in which inclusion complex formations between cyclodextrins and enantiomers were evaluated. 24893270 0 16 theme mobile 131:136 arg1 phase 138:142 chiral mobile phase additive 124:151 chiral mobile phase additive 124:151 Enantioseparation of mandelic acid derivatives by high performance liquid chromatography with substituted β-cyclodextrin as chiral mobile phase additive and evaluation of inclusion complex formation. 24893270 1 17 theme chiral 418:423 arg1 enantioseparation 204:220 The enantioseparation 200:220 The enantioseparation of ten mandelic acid derivatives 200:253 The enantioseparation of ten mandelic acid derivatives was performed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) as chiral mobile phase additives, in which inclusion complex formations between cyclodextrins and enantiomers were evaluated. 24893270 1 17 theme chiral 418:423 arg1 additives 438:446 chiral mobile phase additives 418:446 chiral mobile phase additives 418:446 The enantioseparation of ten mandelic acid derivatives was performed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) as chiral mobile phase additives, in which inclusion complex formations between cyclodextrins and enantiomers were evaluated. 24893270 6 18 theme α-cyclopentylmandelic 1308:1328 arg1 acid 1330:1333 α-cyclopentylmandelic acid 1308:1333 α-cyclopentylmandelic acid 1308:1333 Semi-preparative enantioseparation of about 10mg of α-cyclohexylmandelic acid and α-cyclopentylmandelic acid were established individually. 24893270 0 19 theme chiral 124:129 arg1 phase 138:142 chiral mobile phase additive 124:151 chiral mobile phase additive 124:151 Enantioseparation of mandelic acid derivatives by high performance liquid chromatography with substituted β-cyclodextrin as chiral mobile phase additive and evaluation of inclusion complex formation. 24893270 1 20 theme mobile 425:430 arg1 enantioseparation 204:220 The enantioseparation 200:220 The enantioseparation of ten mandelic acid derivatives 200:253 The enantioseparation of ten mandelic acid derivatives was performed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) as chiral mobile phase additives, in which inclusion complex formations between cyclodextrins and enantiomers were evaluated. 24893270 1 20 theme mobile 425:430 arg1 additives 438:446 chiral mobile phase additives 418:446 chiral mobile phase additives 418:446 The enantioseparation of ten mandelic acid derivatives was performed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) as chiral mobile phase additives, in which inclusion complex formations between cyclodextrins and enantiomers were evaluated. 24893270 5 21 theme buffer 1161:1166 arg1 mixture 1107:1113 a mixture 1105:1113 a mixture of acetonitrile 1105:1129 The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.10molL(-1) of phosphate buffer at pH 2.68 containing 20mmolL(-1) of HP-β-CD or SBE-β-CD. 24893270 5 21 theme buffer 1161:1166 arg1 -1 1144:1145 -1 1144:1145 -1 1144:1145 The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.10molL(-1) of phosphate buffer at pH 2.68 containing 20mmolL(-1) of HP-β-CD or SBE-β-CD. 24893270 5 21 theme buffer 1161:1166 arg1 0.10molL 1135:1142 0.10molL 1135:1142 0.10molL(-1) of phosphate buffer at pH 2.68 containing 20mmolL(-1) of HP-β-CD or SBE-β-CD 1135:1223 The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.10molL(-1) of phosphate buffer at pH 2.68 containing 20mmolL(-1) of HP-β-CD or SBE-β-CD. 24893270 5 21 theme buffer 1161:1166 arg1 phase 1095:1099 The mobile phase 1084:1099 The mobile phase 1084:1099 The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.10molL(-1) of phosphate buffer at pH 2.68 containing 20mmolL(-1) of HP-β-CD or SBE-β-CD. 24893270 2 22 from effects 545:551 arg1 retention 670:678 retention 670:678 retention 670:678 The effects of various factors such as the composition of mobile phase, concentration of cyclodextrins and column temperature on retention and enantioselectivity were studied. 24893270 2 22 from effects 545:551 arg1 enantioselectivity 684:701 enantioselectivity 684:701 enantioselectivity 684:701 The effects of various factors such as the composition of mobile phase, concentration of cyclodextrins and column temperature on retention and enantioselectivity were studied. 24893270 4 23 theme Shimpack 1037:1044 arg1 column 1054:1059 a Shimpack CLC-ODS column 1035:1059 a Shimpack CLC-ODS column (150×4.6mm i.d., 5μm) 1035:1081 Enantioseparations were successfully achieved on a Shimpack CLC-ODS column (150×4.6mm i.d., 5μm). 24893270 1 24 theme phase 432:436 arg1 enantioseparation 204:220 The enantioseparation 200:220 The enantioseparation of ten mandelic acid derivatives 200:253 The enantioseparation of ten mandelic acid derivatives was performed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) as chiral mobile phase additives, in which inclusion complex formations between cyclodextrins and enantiomers were evaluated. 24893270 1 24 theme phase 432:436 arg1 additives 438:446 chiral mobile phase additives 418:446 chiral mobile phase additives 418:446 The enantioseparation of ten mandelic acid derivatives was performed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) as chiral mobile phase additives, in which inclusion complex formations between cyclodextrins and enantiomers were evaluated. 24893270 6 25 theme acid 1299:1302 arg1 10mg 1270:1273 about 10mg 1264:1273 about 10mg of α-cyclohexylmandelic acid and α-cyclopentylmandelic acid 1264:1333 Semi-preparative enantioseparation of about 10mg of α-cyclohexylmandelic acid and α-cyclopentylmandelic acid were established individually. 24893270 5 26 theme SBE-β-CD 1216:1223 arg1 -1 1198:1199 -1 1198:1199 -1 1198:1199 The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.10molL(-1) of phosphate buffer at pH 2.68 containing 20mmolL(-1) of HP-β-CD or SBE-β-CD. 24893270 5 26 theme SBE-β-CD 1216:1223 arg1 20mmolL 1190:1196 20mmolL 1190:1196 20mmolL(-1) of HP-β-CD or SBE-β-CD 1190:1223 The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.10molL(-1) of phosphate buffer at pH 2.68 containing 20mmolL(-1) of HP-β-CD or SBE-β-CD. 24893270 6 27 theme α-cyclohexylmandelic 1278:1297 arg1 acid 1299:1302 α-cyclohexylmandelic acid 1278:1302 α-cyclohexylmandelic acid 1278:1302 Semi-preparative enantioseparation of about 10mg of α-cyclohexylmandelic acid and α-cyclopentylmandelic acid were established individually. 24893270 1 28 with chromatography 310:323 arg1 hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin 330:357 hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin 330:357 hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) 330:367 The enantioseparation of ten mandelic acid derivatives was performed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) as chiral mobile phase additives, in which inclusion complex formations between cyclodextrins and enantiomers were evaluated. 24893270 1 28 with chromatography 310:323 arg1 SBE-β-CD 405:412 SBE-β-CD 405:412 SBE-β-CD 405:412 The enantioseparation of ten mandelic acid derivatives was performed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) as chiral mobile phase additives, in which inclusion complex formations between cyclodextrins and enantiomers were evaluated. 24893270 1 28 with chromatography 310:323 arg1 ether-β-cyclodextrin 383:402 sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin 372:402 sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) 372:413 The enantioseparation of ten mandelic acid derivatives was performed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) as chiral mobile phase additives, in which inclusion complex formations between cyclodextrins and enantiomers were evaluated. 24893270 1 28 with chromatography 310:323 arg1 HP-β-CD 360:366 HP-β-CD 360:366 HP-β-CD 360:366 The enantioseparation of ten mandelic acid derivatives was performed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) as chiral mobile phase additives, in which inclusion complex formations between cyclodextrins and enantiomers were evaluated. 24893270 0 29 theme acid 30:33 arg1 derivatives 35:45 mandelic acid derivatives 21:45 mandelic acid derivatives 21:45 Enantioseparation of mandelic acid derivatives by high performance liquid chromatography with substituted β-cyclodextrin as chiral mobile phase additive and evaluation of inclusion complex formation. 24893270 0 30 theme additive 144:151 arg1 phase 138:142 chiral mobile phase additive 124:151 chiral mobile phase additive 124:151 Enantioseparation of mandelic acid derivatives by high performance liquid chromatography with substituted β-cyclodextrin as chiral mobile phase additive and evaluation of inclusion complex formation. 24893270 7 31 theme complex 1390:1396 arg1 stoichiometries 1398:1412 Cyclodextrin-enantiomer complex stoichiometries 1366:1412 Cyclodextrin-enantiomer complex stoichiometries as well as binding constants 1366:1441 Cyclodextrin-enantiomer complex stoichiometries as well as binding constants were investigated. 24893270 0 32 theme mandelic 21:28 arg1 derivatives 35:45 mandelic acid derivatives 21:45 mandelic acid derivatives 21:45 Enantioseparation of mandelic acid derivatives by high performance liquid chromatography with substituted β-cyclodextrin as chiral mobile phase additive and evaluation of inclusion complex formation. 24893270 5 33 theme HP-β-CD 1205:1211 arg1 -1 1198:1199 -1 1198:1199 -1 1198:1199 The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.10molL(-1) of phosphate buffer at pH 2.68 containing 20mmolL(-1) of HP-β-CD or SBE-β-CD. 24893270 5 33 theme HP-β-CD 1205:1211 arg1 20mmolL 1190:1196 20mmolL 1190:1196 20mmolL(-1) of HP-β-CD or SBE-β-CD 1190:1223 The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.10molL(-1) of phosphate buffer at pH 2.68 containing 20mmolL(-1) of HP-β-CD or SBE-β-CD. 24893270 5 34 theme acetonitrile 1118:1129 arg1 mixture 1107:1113 a mixture 1105:1113 a mixture of acetonitrile 1105:1129 The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.10molL(-1) of phosphate buffer at pH 2.68 containing 20mmolL(-1) of HP-β-CD or SBE-β-CD. 24893270 5 34 theme acetonitrile 1118:1129 arg1 -1 1144:1145 -1 1144:1145 -1 1144:1145 The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.10molL(-1) of phosphate buffer at pH 2.68 containing 20mmolL(-1) of HP-β-CD or SBE-β-CD. 24893270 5 34 theme acetonitrile 1118:1129 arg1 0.10molL 1135:1142 0.10molL 1135:1142 0.10molL(-1) of phosphate buffer at pH 2.68 containing 20mmolL(-1) of HP-β-CD or SBE-β-CD 1135:1223 The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.10molL(-1) of phosphate buffer at pH 2.68 containing 20mmolL(-1) of HP-β-CD or SBE-β-CD. 24893270 5 34 theme acetonitrile 1118:1129 arg1 phase 1095:1099 The mobile phase 1084:1099 The mobile phase 1084:1099 The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.10molL(-1) of phosphate buffer at pH 2.68 containing 20mmolL(-1) of HP-β-CD or SBE-β-CD. 24893270 1 35 theme mandelic 229:236 arg1 derivatives 243:253 ten mandelic acid derivatives 225:253 ten mandelic acid derivatives 225:253 The enantioseparation of ten mandelic acid derivatives was performed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) as chiral mobile phase additives, in which inclusion complex formations between cyclodextrins and enantiomers were evaluated. 24893270 5 36 from pH 1171:1172 arg1 mixture 1107:1113 a mixture 1105:1113 a mixture of acetonitrile 1105:1129 The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.10molL(-1) of phosphate buffer at pH 2.68 containing 20mmolL(-1) of HP-β-CD or SBE-β-CD. 24893270 5 36 from pH 1171:1172 arg1 -1 1144:1145 -1 1144:1145 -1 1144:1145 The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.10molL(-1) of phosphate buffer at pH 2.68 containing 20mmolL(-1) of HP-β-CD or SBE-β-CD. 24893270 5 36 from pH 1171:1172 arg1 0.10molL 1135:1142 0.10molL 1135:1142 0.10molL(-1) of phosphate buffer at pH 2.68 containing 20mmolL(-1) of HP-β-CD or SBE-β-CD 1135:1223 The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.10molL(-1) of phosphate buffer at pH 2.68 containing 20mmolL(-1) of HP-β-CD or SBE-β-CD. 24893270 5 36 from pH 1171:1172 arg1 buffer 1161:1166 phosphate buffer 1151:1166 phosphate buffer at pH 2.68 containing 20mmolL(-1) of HP-β-CD or SBE-β-CD 1151:1223 The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.10molL(-1) of phosphate buffer at pH 2.68 containing 20mmolL(-1) of HP-β-CD or SBE-β-CD. 24893270 5 36 from pH 1171:1172 arg1 phase 1095:1099 The mobile phase 1084:1099 The mobile phase 1084:1099 The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.10molL(-1) of phosphate buffer at pH 2.68 containing 20mmolL(-1) of HP-β-CD or SBE-β-CD. 24893270 3 37 theme organic 814:820 arg1 modifier 822:829 the organic modifier 810:829 the organic modifier 810:829 The peak resolutions and retention time of the enantiomers were strongly affected by the pH, the organic modifier and the type of β-cyclodextrin in the mobile phase, while the concentration of buffer solution and temperature had a relatively low effect on resolutions. 24893270 2 38 theme phase 606:610 arg1 temperature 655:665 column temperature 648:665 column temperature 648:665 The effects of various factors such as the composition of mobile phase, concentration of cyclodextrins and column temperature on retention and enantioselectivity were studied. 24893270 2 38 theme phase 606:610 arg1 concentration 613:625 concentration 613:625 concentration of cyclodextrins 613:642 The effects of various factors such as the composition of mobile phase, concentration of cyclodextrins and column temperature on retention and enantioselectivity were studied. 24893270 2 38 theme phase 606:610 arg1 composition 584:594 the composition 580:594 the composition of mobile phase 580:610 The effects of various factors such as the composition of mobile phase, concentration of cyclodextrins and column temperature on retention and enantioselectivity were studied. 24893270 4 39 dep column 1054:1059 arg1 5μm 1078:1080 5μm 1078:1080 5μm 1078:1080 Enantioseparations were successfully achieved on a Shimpack CLC-ODS column (150×4.6mm i.d., 5μm). 24893270 4 39 dep column 1054:1059 arg1 i.d. 1072:1075 150×4.6mm i.d. 1062:1075 150×4.6mm i.d. 1062:1075 Enantioseparations were successfully achieved on a Shimpack CLC-ODS column (150×4.6mm i.d., 5μm). 24893270 1 40 theme acid 238:241 arg1 derivatives 243:253 ten mandelic acid derivatives 225:253 ten mandelic acid derivatives 225:253 The enantioseparation of ten mandelic acid derivatives was performed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) as chiral mobile phase additives, in which inclusion complex formations between cyclodextrins and enantiomers were evaluated. 24893270 0 41 theme derivatives 35:45 arg1 Enantioseparation 0:16 Enantioseparation 0:16 Enantioseparation of mandelic acid derivatives by high performance liquid chromatography with substituted β-cyclodextrin as chiral mobile phase additive and evaluation of inclusion complex formation. 0:198 Enantioseparation of mandelic acid derivatives by high performance liquid chromatography with substituted β-cyclodextrin as chiral mobile phase additive and evaluation of inclusion complex formation. 24893270 2 42 theme mobile 599:604 arg1 phase 606:610 mobile phase 599:610 mobile phase 599:610 The effects of various factors such as the composition of mobile phase, concentration of cyclodextrins and column temperature on retention and enantioselectivity were studied. 24893270 6 43 theme 10mg 1270:1273 arg1 enantioseparation 1243:1259 Semi-preparative enantioseparation 1226:1259 Semi-preparative enantioseparation of about 10mg of α-cyclohexylmandelic acid and α-cyclopentylmandelic acid 1226:1333 Semi-preparative enantioseparation of about 10mg of α-cyclohexylmandelic acid and α-cyclopentylmandelic acid were established individually. 24893270 1 44 theme derivatives 243:253 arg1 enantioseparation 204:220 The enantioseparation 200:220 The enantioseparation of ten mandelic acid derivatives 200:253 The enantioseparation of ten mandelic acid derivatives was performed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) as chiral mobile phase additives, in which inclusion complex formations between cyclodextrins and enantiomers were evaluated. 24893270 1 44 theme derivatives 243:253 arg1 additives 438:446 chiral mobile phase additives 418:446 chiral mobile phase additives 418:446 The enantioseparation of ten mandelic acid derivatives was performed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) as chiral mobile phase additives, in which inclusion complex formations between cyclodextrins and enantiomers were evaluated. 24893270 0 45 theme performance 55:65 arg1 chromatography 74:87 high performance liquid chromatography 50:87 high performance liquid chromatography with substituted β-cyclodextrin as chiral mobile phase additive and evaluation of inclusion complex formation 50:197 Enantioseparation of mandelic acid derivatives by high performance liquid chromatography with substituted β-cyclodextrin as chiral mobile phase additive and evaluation of inclusion complex formation. 24893270 3 46 theme β-cyclodextrin 847:860 arg1 modifier 822:829 the organic modifier 810:829 the organic modifier 810:829 The peak resolutions and retention time of the enantiomers were strongly affected by the pH, the organic modifier and the type of β-cyclodextrin in the mobile phase, while the concentration of buffer solution and temperature had a relatively low effect on resolutions. 24893270 3 46 theme β-cyclodextrin 847:860 arg1 type 839:842 the type 835:842 the type of β-cyclodextrin 835:860 The peak resolutions and retention time of the enantiomers were strongly affected by the pH, the organic modifier and the type of β-cyclodextrin in the mobile phase, while the concentration of buffer solution and temperature had a relatively low effect on resolutions. 24893270 3 46 theme β-cyclodextrin 847:860 arg1 pH 806:807 the pH 802:807 the pH 802:807 The peak resolutions and retention time of the enantiomers were strongly affected by the pH, the organic modifier and the type of β-cyclodextrin in the mobile phase, while the concentration of buffer solution and temperature had a relatively low effect on resolutions. 24893270 0 47 theme inclusion 171:179 arg1 formation 189:197 inclusion complex formation 171:197 inclusion complex formation 171:197 Enantioseparation of mandelic acid derivatives by high performance liquid chromatography with substituted β-cyclodextrin as chiral mobile phase additive and evaluation of inclusion complex formation. 24893270 2 48 theme factors 564:570 arg1 effects 545:551 The effects 541:551 The effects of various factors such as the composition of mobile phase, concentration of cyclodextrins and column temperature on retention and enantioselectivity 541:701 The effects of various factors such as the composition of mobile phase, concentration of cyclodextrins and column temperature on retention and enantioselectivity were studied. 24893270 5 49 theme mobile 1088:1093 arg1 mixture 1107:1113 a mixture 1105:1113 a mixture of acetonitrile 1105:1129 The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.10molL(-1) of phosphate buffer at pH 2.68 containing 20mmolL(-1) of HP-β-CD or SBE-β-CD. 24893270 5 49 theme mobile 1088:1093 arg1 phase 1095:1099 The mobile phase 1084:1099 The mobile phase 1084:1099 The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.10molL(-1) of phosphate buffer at pH 2.68 containing 20mmolL(-1) of HP-β-CD or SBE-β-CD. 24893270 2 50 theme cyclodextrins 630:642 arg1 temperature 655:665 column temperature 648:665 column temperature 648:665 The effects of various factors such as the composition of mobile phase, concentration of cyclodextrins and column temperature on retention and enantioselectivity were studied. 24893270 2 50 theme cyclodextrins 630:642 arg1 concentration 613:625 concentration 613:625 concentration of cyclodextrins 613:642 The effects of various factors such as the composition of mobile phase, concentration of cyclodextrins and column temperature on retention and enantioselectivity were studied. 24893270 2 50 theme cyclodextrins 630:642 arg1 composition 584:594 the composition 580:594 the composition of mobile phase 580:610 The effects of various factors such as the composition of mobile phase, concentration of cyclodextrins and column temperature on retention and enantioselectivity were studied. 24893270 0 51 theme high 50:53 arg1 chromatography 74:87 high performance liquid chromatography 50:87 high performance liquid chromatography with substituted β-cyclodextrin as chiral mobile phase additive and evaluation of inclusion complex formation 50:197 Enantioseparation of mandelic acid derivatives by high performance liquid chromatography with substituted β-cyclodextrin as chiral mobile phase additive and evaluation of inclusion complex formation. 24893270 5 52 theme phosphate 1151:1159 arg1 buffer 1161:1166 phosphate buffer 1151:1166 phosphate buffer at pH 2.68 containing 20mmolL(-1) of HP-β-CD or SBE-β-CD 1151:1223 The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.10molL(-1) of phosphate buffer at pH 2.68 containing 20mmolL(-1) of HP-β-CD or SBE-β-CD. 24893270 1 53 theme inclusion 458:466 arg1 formations 476:485 inclusion complex formations 458:485 inclusion complex formations between cyclodextrins and enantiomers 458:523 The enantioseparation of ten mandelic acid derivatives was performed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) as chiral mobile phase additives, in which inclusion complex formations between cyclodextrins and enantiomers were evaluated. 24893270 4 54 theme CLC-ODS 1046:1052 arg1 column 1054:1059 a Shimpack CLC-ODS column 1035:1059 a Shimpack CLC-ODS column (150×4.6mm i.d., 5μm) 1035:1081 Enantioseparations were successfully achieved on a Shimpack CLC-ODS column (150×4.6mm i.d., 5μm). 24893270 7 55 theme binding 1425:1431 arg1 constants 1433:1441 binding constants 1425:1441 Cyclodextrin-enantiomer complex stoichiometries as well as binding constants 1366:1441 Cyclodextrin-enantiomer complex stoichiometries as well as binding constants were investigated. 24893270 3 56 theme solution 917:924 arg1 temperature 930:940 temperature 930:940 temperature 930:940 The peak resolutions and retention time of the enantiomers were strongly affected by the pH, the organic modifier and the type of β-cyclodextrin in the mobile phase, while the concentration of buffer solution and temperature had a relatively low effect on resolutions. 24893270 3 56 theme solution 917:924 arg1 concentration 893:905 the concentration 889:905 the concentration of buffer solution 889:924 The peak resolutions and retention time of the enantiomers were strongly affected by the pH, the organic modifier and the type of β-cyclodextrin in the mobile phase, while the concentration of buffer solution and temperature had a relatively low effect on resolutions. 24893270 1 57 theme sulfobutyl 372:381 arg1 SBE-β-CD 405:412 SBE-β-CD 405:412 SBE-β-CD 405:412 The enantioseparation of ten mandelic acid derivatives was performed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) as chiral mobile phase additives, in which inclusion complex formations between cyclodextrins and enantiomers were evaluated. 24893270 1 57 theme sulfobutyl 372:381 arg1 ether-β-cyclodextrin 383:402 sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin 372:402 sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) 372:413 The enantioseparation of ten mandelic acid derivatives was performed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) as chiral mobile phase additives, in which inclusion complex formations between cyclodextrins and enantiomers were evaluated. 24893270 0 58 theme formation 189:197 arg1 phase 138:142 chiral mobile phase additive 124:151 chiral mobile phase additive 124:151 Enantioseparation of mandelic acid derivatives by high performance liquid chromatography with substituted β-cyclodextrin as chiral mobile phase additive and evaluation of inclusion complex formation. 24893270 0 58 theme formation 189:197 arg1 evaluation 157:166 evaluation 157:166 evaluation of inclusion complex formation 157:197 Enantioseparation of mandelic acid derivatives by high performance liquid chromatography with substituted β-cyclodextrin as chiral mobile phase additive and evaluation of inclusion complex formation. 24893270 1 59 theme complex 468:474 arg1 formations 476:485 inclusion complex formations 458:485 inclusion complex formations between cyclodextrins and enantiomers 458:523 The enantioseparation of ten mandelic acid derivatives was performed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) as chiral mobile phase additives, in which inclusion complex formations between cyclodextrins and enantiomers were evaluated. 24893270 3 60 theme mobile 869:874 arg1 phase 876:880 the mobile phase 865:880 the mobile phase 865:880 The peak resolutions and retention time of the enantiomers were strongly affected by the pH, the organic modifier and the type of β-cyclodextrin in the mobile phase, while the concentration of buffer solution and temperature had a relatively low effect on resolutions. 24893270 0 61 theme complex 181:187 arg1 formation 189:197 inclusion complex formation 171:197 inclusion complex formation 171:197 Enantioseparation of mandelic acid derivatives by high performance liquid chromatography with substituted β-cyclodextrin as chiral mobile phase additive and evaluation of inclusion complex formation. 24893270 3 62 theme retention 742:750 arg1 time 752:755 retention time 742:755 retention time 742:755 The peak resolutions and retention time of the enantiomers were strongly affected by the pH, the organic modifier and the type of β-cyclodextrin in the mobile phase, while the concentration of buffer solution and temperature had a relatively low effect on resolutions. 24893270 3 63 from effect 963:968 arg1 resolutions 973:983 resolutions 973:983 resolutions 973:983 The peak resolutions and retention time of the enantiomers were strongly affected by the pH, the organic modifier and the type of β-cyclodextrin in the mobile phase, while the concentration of buffer solution and temperature had a relatively low effect on resolutions. 24893270 3 64 theme low 959:961 arg1 effect 963:968 a relatively low effect 946:968 a relatively low effect on resolutions 946:983 The peak resolutions and retention time of the enantiomers were strongly affected by the pH, the organic modifier and the type of β-cyclodextrin in the mobile phase, while the concentration of buffer solution and temperature had a relatively low effect on resolutions. 24893270 5 65 from mixture 1107:1113 arg1 pH 1171:1172 pH 2.68 1171:1177 pH 2.68 1171:1177 The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.10molL(-1) of phosphate buffer at pH 2.68 containing 20mmolL(-1) of HP-β-CD or SBE-β-CD. 24893270 7 66 theme Cyclodextrin-enantiomer 1366:1388 arg1 stoichiometries 1398:1412 Cyclodextrin-enantiomer complex stoichiometries 1366:1412 Cyclodextrin-enantiomer complex stoichiometries as well as binding constants 1366:1441 Cyclodextrin-enantiomer complex stoichiometries as well as binding constants were investigated. 24893270 3 67 theme buffer 910:915 arg1 solution 917:924 buffer solution 910:924 buffer solution 910:924 The peak resolutions and retention time of the enantiomers were strongly affected by the pH, the organic modifier and the type of β-cyclodextrin in the mobile phase, while the concentration of buffer solution and temperature had a relatively low effect on resolutions. 24893270 3 68 dep resolutions 726:736 arg1 The 717:719 The 717:719 The 717:719 The peak resolutions and retention time of the enantiomers were strongly affected by the pH, the organic modifier and the type of β-cyclodextrin in the mobile phase, while the concentration of buffer solution and temperature had a relatively low effect on resolutions. 24893270 0 69 theme liquid 67:72 arg1 chromatography 74:87 high performance liquid chromatography 50:87 high performance liquid chromatography with substituted β-cyclodextrin as chiral mobile phase additive and evaluation of inclusion complex formation 50:197 Enantioseparation of mandelic acid derivatives by high performance liquid chromatography with substituted β-cyclodextrin as chiral mobile phase additive and evaluation of inclusion complex formation. 24893270 4 70 theme 150×4.6mm 1062:1070 arg1 5μm 1078:1080 5μm 1078:1080 5μm 1078:1080 Enantioseparations were successfully achieved on a Shimpack CLC-ODS column (150×4.6mm i.d., 5μm). 24893270 4 70 theme 150×4.6mm 1062:1070 arg1 i.d. 1072:1075 150×4.6mm i.d. 1062:1075 150×4.6mm i.d. 1062:1075 Enantioseparations were successfully achieved on a Shimpack CLC-ODS column (150×4.6mm i.d., 5μm). 24893270 8 71 theme cyclodextrin-enantiomers 1531:1554 arg1 stoichiometries 1482:1496 stoichiometries 1482:1496 stoichiometries for all the inclusion complex of cyclodextrin-enantiomers 1482:1554 Results showed that stoichiometries for all the inclusion complex of cyclodextrin-enantiomers were 1:1. 24893270 1 72 theme reverse 272:278 arg1 chromatography 310:323 reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography 272:323 reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) 272:413 The enantioseparation of ten mandelic acid derivatives was performed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) or sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) as chiral mobile phase additives, in which inclusion complex formations between cyclodextrins and enantiomers were evaluated. 26686146 4 0 with consistent 821:830 arg1 groups 866:871 the shielding of -(+)N(CH3)3 groups 837:871 the shielding of -(+)N(CH3)3 groups inferred from chemical shifts for halide counterions in (1)HNMR spectra 837:943 This is consistent with the shielding of -(+)N(CH3)3 groups inferred from chemical shifts for halide counterions in (1)HNMR spectra. 26686146 0 1 theme N 75:75 arg1 activity 63:70 the bactericidal activity 46:70 the bactericidal activity of N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan salts 46:104 Extent of shielding by counterions determines the bactericidal activity of N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan salts. 26686146 1 2 theme groups 364:369 arg1 " 345:345 the "availability" 328:345 the "availability" of N-quaternized groups [-(+)N(CH3)3] in the TMCs backbones 328:405 In this study, we show that the bactericidal activity of quaternized chitosans (TMCs) with sulfate, acetate, and halide counterions against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) correlates with the "availability" of N-quaternized groups [-(+)N(CH3)3] in the TMCs backbones. 26686146 1 3 from [- 371:372 arg1 backbones 397:405 the TMCs backbones 388:405 the TMCs backbones 388:405 In this study, we show that the bactericidal activity of quaternized chitosans (TMCs) with sulfate, acetate, and halide counterions against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) correlates with the "availability" of N-quaternized groups [-(+)N(CH3)3] in the TMCs backbones. 26686146 3 4 dep lower 776:780 arg1 similar 783:789 similar 783:789 similar 783:789 Among TMCs with halide counterions, activity was higher for N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMCCl), whereas N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan iodide (TMCI) and N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan bromide (TMCBr) exhibited lower, similar values to each other. 26686146 4 5 theme halide 907:912 arg1 counterions 914:924 halide counterions 907:924 halide counterions in (1)HNMR spectra 907:943 This is consistent with the shielding of -(+)N(CH3)3 groups inferred from chemical shifts for halide counterions in (1)HNMR spectra. 26686146 6 6 theme characterization 1145:1160 arg1 approaches 1162:1171 these physicochemical characterization approaches 1123:1171 these physicochemical characterization approaches 1123:1171 Taken together, these physicochemical characterization approaches represent a predictive tool for the bactericidal activity of chitosan derivatives. 26686146 4 7 theme N 858:858 arg1 groups 866:871 the shielding of -(+)N(CH3)3 groups 837:871 the shielding of -(+)N(CH3)3 groups inferred from chemical shifts for halide counterions in (1)HNMR spectra 837:943 This is consistent with the shielding of -(+)N(CH3)3 groups inferred from chemical shifts for halide counterions in (1)HNMR spectra. 26686146 5 8 theme distinct 981:988 arg1 activities 1003:1012 distinct bactericidal activities 981:1012 distinct bactericidal activities 981:1012 We also demonstrate that TMCs with distinct bactericidal activities can be classified according to their vibrational spectra using principal component analysis. 26686146 3 9 theme chitosan 741:748 arg1 N 725:725 N 725:725 N 725:725 Among TMCs with halide counterions, activity was higher for N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMCCl), whereas N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan iodide (TMCI) and N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan bromide (TMCBr) exhibited lower, similar values to each other. 26686146 3 9 theme chitosan 741:748 arg1 TMCBr 759:763 TMCBr 759:763 TMCBr 759:763 Among TMCs with halide counterions, activity was higher for N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMCCl), whereas N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan iodide (TMCI) and N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan bromide (TMCBr) exhibited lower, similar values to each other. 26686146 3 9 theme chitosan 741:748 arg1 bromide 750:756 N-trimethyl chitosan bromide 729:756 N-trimethyl chitosan bromide (TMCBr) 729:764 Among TMCs with halide counterions, activity was higher for N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMCCl), whereas N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan iodide (TMCI) and N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan bromide (TMCBr) exhibited lower, similar values to each other. 26686146 4 10 theme shielding 841:849 arg1 groups 866:871 the shielding of -(+)N(CH3)3 groups 837:871 the shielding of -(+)N(CH3)3 groups inferred from chemical shifts for halide counterions in (1)HNMR spectra 837:943 This is consistent with the shielding of -(+)N(CH3)3 groups inferred from chemical shifts for halide counterions in (1)HNMR spectra. 26686146 4 11 theme - 854:854 arg1 CH3 860:862 CH3 860:862 CH3 860:862 This is consistent with the shielding of -(+)N(CH3)3 groups inferred from chemical shifts for halide counterions in (1)HNMR spectra. 26686146 4 11 theme - 854:854 arg1 shielding 841:849 the shielding 837:849 the shielding of - 837:854 This is consistent with the shielding of -(+)N(CH3)3 groups inferred from chemical shifts for halide counterions in (1)HNMR spectra. 26686146 0 12 theme chitosan 91:98 arg1 N 75:75 N 75:75 N 75:75 Extent of shielding by counterions determines the bactericidal activity of N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan salts. 26686146 0 12 theme chitosan 91:98 arg1 salts 100:104 N-trimethyl chitosan salts 79:104 N-trimethyl chitosan salts 79:104 Extent of shielding by counterions determines the bactericidal activity of N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan salts. 26686146 5 13 theme bactericidal 990:1001 arg1 activities 1003:1012 distinct bactericidal activities 981:1012 distinct bactericidal activities 981:1012 We also demonstrate that TMCs with distinct bactericidal activities can be classified according to their vibrational spectra using principal component analysis. 26686146 2 14 theme N-trimethyl 456:466 arg1 N 452:452 N 452:452 N 452:452 N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan sulfate (TMCS) and N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan acetate (TMCAc) displayed the highest activities, probably due to their delocalized π system. 26686146 2 14 theme N-trimethyl 456:466 arg1 TMCAc 486:490 TMCAc 486:490 TMCAc 486:490 N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan sulfate (TMCS) and N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan acetate (TMCAc) displayed the highest activities, probably due to their delocalized π system. 26686146 2 14 theme N-trimethyl 456:466 arg1 acetate 477:483 N-trimethyl chitosan acetate 456:483 N-trimethyl chitosan acetate (TMCAc) 456:491 N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan sulfate (TMCS) and N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan acetate (TMCAc) displayed the highest activities, probably due to their delocalized π system. 26686146 2 15 theme chitosan 468:475 arg1 N 452:452 N 452:452 N 452:452 N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan sulfate (TMCS) and N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan acetate (TMCAc) displayed the highest activities, probably due to their delocalized π system. 26686146 2 15 theme chitosan 468:475 arg1 TMCAc 486:490 TMCAc 486:490 TMCAc 486:490 N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan sulfate (TMCS) and N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan acetate (TMCAc) displayed the highest activities, probably due to their delocalized π system. 26686146 2 15 theme chitosan 468:475 arg1 acetate 477:483 N-trimethyl chitosan acetate 456:483 N-trimethyl chitosan acetate (TMCAc) 456:491 N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan sulfate (TMCS) and N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan acetate (TMCAc) displayed the highest activities, probably due to their delocalized π system. 26686146 4 16 from counterions 914:924 arg1 spectra 937:943 (1)HNMR spectra 929:943 (1)HNMR spectra 929:943 This is consistent with the shielding of -(+)N(CH3)3 groups inferred from chemical shifts for halide counterions in (1)HNMR spectra. 26686146 3 17 theme N-trimethyl 635:645 arg1 chloride 656:663 N-trimethyl chitosan chloride 635:663 N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMCCl) 635:671 Among TMCs with halide counterions, activity was higher for N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMCCl), whereas N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan iodide (TMCI) and N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan bromide (TMCBr) exhibited lower, similar values to each other. 26686146 3 17 theme N-trimethyl 635:645 arg1 N 631:631 N 631:631 N 631:631 Among TMCs with halide counterions, activity was higher for N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMCCl), whereas N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan iodide (TMCI) and N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan bromide (TMCBr) exhibited lower, similar values to each other. 26686146 3 17 theme N-trimethyl 635:645 arg1 TMCCl 666:670 TMCCl 666:670 TMCCl 666:670 Among TMCs with halide counterions, activity was higher for N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMCCl), whereas N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan iodide (TMCI) and N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan bromide (TMCBr) exhibited lower, similar values to each other. 26686146 3 18 theme N-trimethyl 729:739 arg1 N 725:725 N 725:725 N 725:725 Among TMCs with halide counterions, activity was higher for N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMCCl), whereas N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan iodide (TMCI) and N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan bromide (TMCBr) exhibited lower, similar values to each other. 26686146 3 18 theme N-trimethyl 729:739 arg1 TMCBr 759:763 TMCBr 759:763 TMCBr 759:763 Among TMCs with halide counterions, activity was higher for N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMCCl), whereas N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan iodide (TMCI) and N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan bromide (TMCBr) exhibited lower, similar values to each other. 26686146 3 18 theme N-trimethyl 729:739 arg1 bromide 750:756 N-trimethyl chitosan bromide 729:756 N-trimethyl chitosan bromide (TMCBr) 729:764 Among TMCs with halide counterions, activity was higher for N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMCCl), whereas N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan iodide (TMCI) and N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan bromide (TMCBr) exhibited lower, similar values to each other. 26686146 0 19 theme N-trimethyl 79:89 arg1 N 75:75 N 75:75 N 75:75 Extent of shielding by counterions determines the bactericidal activity of N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan salts. 26686146 0 19 theme N-trimethyl 79:89 arg1 salts 100:104 N-trimethyl chitosan salts 79:104 N-trimethyl chitosan salts 79:104 Extent of shielding by counterions determines the bactericidal activity of N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan salts. 26686146 1 20 dep coli 259:262 arg1 coli 268:271 E. coli 265:271 E. coli 265:271 In this study, we show that the bactericidal activity of quaternized chitosans (TMCs) with sulfate, acetate, and halide counterions against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) correlates with the "availability" of N-quaternized groups [-(+)N(CH3)3] in the TMCs backbones. 26686146 2 21 theme highest 507:513 arg1 activities 515:524 the highest activities 503:524 the highest activities 503:524 N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan sulfate (TMCS) and N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan acetate (TMCAc) displayed the highest activities, probably due to their delocalized π system. 26686146 6 22 theme physicochemical 1129:1143 arg1 approaches 1162:1171 these physicochemical characterization approaches 1123:1171 these physicochemical characterization approaches 1123:1171 Taken together, these physicochemical characterization approaches represent a predictive tool for the bactericidal activity of chitosan derivatives. 26686146 1 23 theme N 376:376 arg1 CH3 378:380 [-(+)N(CH3)3] 371:383 CH3 378:380 In this study, we show that the bactericidal activity of quaternized chitosans (TMCs) with sulfate, acetate, and halide counterions against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) correlates with the "availability" of N-quaternized groups [-(+)N(CH3)3] in the TMCs backbones. 26686146 6 24 theme derivatives 1243:1253 arg1 activity 1222:1229 the bactericidal activity 1205:1229 the bactericidal activity of chitosan derivatives 1205:1253 Taken together, these physicochemical characterization approaches represent a predictive tool for the bactericidal activity of chitosan derivatives. 26686146 1 25 theme bactericidal 139:150 arg1 activity 152:159 the bactericidal activity 135:159 the bactericidal activity of quaternized chitosans (TMCs) with sulfate, acetate, and halide counterions against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) 135:310 In this study, we show that the bactericidal activity of quaternized chitosans (TMCs) with sulfate, acetate, and halide counterions against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) correlates with the "availability" of N-quaternized groups [-(+)N(CH3)3] in the TMCs backbones. 26686146 1 26 theme halide 220:225 arg1 counterions 227:237 halide counterions 220:237 halide counterions 220:237 In this study, we show that the bactericidal activity of quaternized chitosans (TMCs) with sulfate, acetate, and halide counterions against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) correlates with the "availability" of N-quaternized groups [-(+)N(CH3)3] in the TMCs backbones. 26686146 4 27 theme HNMR 932:935 arg1 spectra 937:943 (1)HNMR spectra 929:943 (1)HNMR spectra 929:943 This is consistent with the shielding of -(+)N(CH3)3 groups inferred from chemical shifts for halide counterions in (1)HNMR spectra. 26686146 6 28 theme chitosan 1234:1241 arg1 derivatives 1243:1253 chitosan derivatives 1234:1253 chitosan derivatives 1234:1253 Taken together, these physicochemical characterization approaches represent a predictive tool for the bactericidal activity of chitosan derivatives. 26686146 1 29 dep aureus 293:298 arg1 aureus 304:309 S. aureus 301:309 S. aureus 301:309 In this study, we show that the bactericidal activity of quaternized chitosans (TMCs) with sulfate, acetate, and halide counterions against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) correlates with the "availability" of N-quaternized groups [-(+)N(CH3)3] in the TMCs backbones. 26686146 3 30 with TMCs 577:580 arg1 counterions 594:604 halide counterions 587:604 halide counterions 587:604 Among TMCs with halide counterions, activity was higher for N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMCCl), whereas N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan iodide (TMCI) and N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan bromide (TMCBr) exhibited lower, similar values to each other. 26686146 0 31 theme shielding 10:18 arg1 Extent 0:5 Extent 0:5 Extent of shielding by counterions 0:33 Extent of shielding by counterions determines the bactericidal activity of N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan salts. 26686146 5 32 theme component 1087:1095 arg1 analysis 1097:1104 principal component analysis 1077:1104 principal component analysis 1077:1104 We also demonstrate that TMCs with distinct bactericidal activities can be classified according to their vibrational spectra using principal component analysis. 26686146 3 33 theme N-trimethyl 686:696 arg1 TMCI 715:718 TMCI 715:718 TMCI 715:718 Among TMCs with halide counterions, activity was higher for N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMCCl), whereas N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan iodide (TMCI) and N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan bromide (TMCBr) exhibited lower, similar values to each other. 26686146 3 33 theme N-trimethyl 686:696 arg1 iodide 707:712 N-trimethyl chitosan iodide 686:712 N-trimethyl chitosan iodide (TMCI) 686:719 Among TMCs with halide counterions, activity was higher for N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMCCl), whereas N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan iodide (TMCI) and N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan bromide (TMCBr) exhibited lower, similar values to each other. 26686146 1 34 theme quaternized 164:174 arg1 TMCs 187:190 TMCs 187:190 TMCs 187:190 In this study, we show that the bactericidal activity of quaternized chitosans (TMCs) with sulfate, acetate, and halide counterions against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) correlates with the "availability" of N-quaternized groups [-(+)N(CH3)3] in the TMCs backbones. 26686146 1 34 theme quaternized 164:174 arg1 chitosans 176:184 quaternized chitosans 164:184 quaternized chitosans (TMCs) 164:191 In this study, we show that the bactericidal activity of quaternized chitosans (TMCs) with sulfate, acetate, and halide counterions against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) correlates with the "availability" of N-quaternized groups [-(+)N(CH3)3] in the TMCs backbones. 26686146 4 35 theme chemical 887:894 arg1 shifts 896:901 chemical shifts 887:901 chemical shifts for halide counterions in (1)HNMR spectra 887:943 This is consistent with the shielding of -(+)N(CH3)3 groups inferred from chemical shifts for halide counterions in (1)HNMR spectra. 26686146 3 36 theme chitosan 698:705 arg1 TMCI 715:718 TMCI 715:718 TMCI 715:718 Among TMCs with halide counterions, activity was higher for N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMCCl), whereas N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan iodide (TMCI) and N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan bromide (TMCBr) exhibited lower, similar values to each other. 26686146 3 36 theme chitosan 698:705 arg1 iodide 707:712 N-trimethyl chitosan iodide 686:712 N-trimethyl chitosan iodide (TMCI) 686:719 Among TMCs with halide counterions, activity was higher for N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMCCl), whereas N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan iodide (TMCI) and N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan bromide (TMCBr) exhibited lower, similar values to each other. 26686146 1 37 theme chitosans 176:184 arg1 activity 152:159 the bactericidal activity 135:159 the bactericidal activity of quaternized chitosans (TMCs) with sulfate, acetate, and halide counterions against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) 135:310 In this study, we show that the bactericidal activity of quaternized chitosans (TMCs) with sulfate, acetate, and halide counterions against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) correlates with the "availability" of N-quaternized groups [-(+)N(CH3)3] in the TMCs backbones. 26686146 5 38 theme vibrational 1051:1061 arg1 spectra 1063:1069 their vibrational spectra 1045:1069 their vibrational spectra using principal component analysis 1045:1104 We also demonstrate that TMCs with distinct bactericidal activities can be classified according to their vibrational spectra using principal component analysis. 26686146 0 39 theme bactericidal 50:61 arg1 activity 63:70 the bactericidal activity 46:70 the bactericidal activity of N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan salts 46:104 Extent of shielding by counterions determines the bactericidal activity of N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan salts. 26686146 5 40 with TMCs 971:974 arg1 activities 1003:1012 distinct bactericidal activities 981:1012 distinct bactericidal activities 981:1012 We also demonstrate that TMCs with distinct bactericidal activities can be classified according to their vibrational spectra using principal component analysis. 26686146 6 41 theme bactericidal 1209:1220 arg1 activity 1222:1229 the bactericidal activity 1205:1229 the bactericidal activity of chitosan derivatives 1205:1253 Taken together, these physicochemical characterization approaches represent a predictive tool for the bactericidal activity of chitosan derivatives. 26686146 1 42 with activity 152:159 arg1 acetate 207:213 acetate 207:213 acetate 207:213 In this study, we show that the bactericidal activity of quaternized chitosans (TMCs) with sulfate, acetate, and halide counterions against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) correlates with the "availability" of N-quaternized groups [-(+)N(CH3)3] in the TMCs backbones. 26686146 1 42 with activity 152:159 arg1 sulfate 198:204 sulfate 198:204 sulfate 198:204 In this study, we show that the bactericidal activity of quaternized chitosans (TMCs) with sulfate, acetate, and halide counterions against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) correlates with the "availability" of N-quaternized groups [-(+)N(CH3)3] in the TMCs backbones. 26686146 1 42 with activity 152:159 arg1 counterions 227:237 halide counterions 220:237 halide counterions 220:237 In this study, we show that the bactericidal activity of quaternized chitosans (TMCs) with sulfate, acetate, and halide counterions against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) correlates with the "availability" of N-quaternized groups [-(+)N(CH3)3] in the TMCs backbones. 26686146 1 43 theme availability 333:344 arg1 " 345:345 the "availability" 328:345 the "availability" of N-quaternized groups [-(+)N(CH3)3] in the TMCs backbones 328:405 In this study, we show that the bactericidal activity of quaternized chitosans (TMCs) with sulfate, acetate, and halide counterions against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) correlates with the "availability" of N-quaternized groups [-(+)N(CH3)3] in the TMCs backbones. 26686146 6 44 theme predictive 1185:1194 arg1 tool 1196:1199 a predictive tool 1183:1199 a predictive tool for the bactericidal activity of chitosan derivatives 1183:1253 Taken together, these physicochemical characterization approaches represent a predictive tool for the bactericidal activity of chitosan derivatives. 26686146 3 45 theme halide 587:592 arg1 counterions 594:604 halide counterions 587:604 halide counterions 587:604 Among TMCs with halide counterions, activity was higher for N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMCCl), whereas N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan iodide (TMCI) and N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan bromide (TMCBr) exhibited lower, similar values to each other. 26686146 2 46 theme chitosan 424:431 arg1 TMCS 442:445 TMCS 442:445 TMCS 442:445 N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan sulfate (TMCS) and N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan acetate (TMCAc) displayed the highest activities, probably due to their delocalized π system. 26686146 2 46 theme chitosan 424:431 arg1 sulfate 433:439 N-trimethyl chitosan sulfate 412:439 N-trimethyl chitosan sulfate (TMCS) 412:446 N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan sulfate (TMCS) and N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan acetate (TMCAc) displayed the highest activities, probably due to their delocalized π system. 26686146 3 47 theme lower 776:780 arg1 values 791:796 lower, similar values 776:796 lower, similar values 776:796 Among TMCs with halide counterions, activity was higher for N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMCCl), whereas N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan iodide (TMCI) and N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan bromide (TMCBr) exhibited lower, similar values to each other. 26686146 5 48 theme principal 1077:1085 arg1 analysis 1097:1104 principal component analysis 1077:1104 principal component analysis 1077:1104 We also demonstrate that TMCs with distinct bactericidal activities can be classified according to their vibrational spectra using principal component analysis. 26686146 4 49 dep spectra 937:943 arg1 1 930:930 1 930:930 1 930:930 This is consistent with the shielding of -(+)N(CH3)3 groups inferred from chemical shifts for halide counterions in (1)HNMR spectra. 26686146 2 50 theme N-trimethyl 412:422 arg1 TMCS 442:445 TMCS 442:445 TMCS 442:445 N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan sulfate (TMCS) and N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan acetate (TMCAc) displayed the highest activities, probably due to their delocalized π system. 26686146 2 50 theme N-trimethyl 412:422 arg1 sulfate 433:439 N-trimethyl chitosan sulfate 412:439 N-trimethyl chitosan sulfate (TMCS) 412:446 N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan sulfate (TMCS) and N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan acetate (TMCAc) displayed the highest activities, probably due to their delocalized π system. 26686146 2 51 theme π 561:561 arg1 system 563:568 their delocalized π system 543:568 their delocalized π system 543:568 N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan sulfate (TMCS) and N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan acetate (TMCAc) displayed the highest activities, probably due to their delocalized π system. 26686146 2 52 theme delocalized 549:559 arg1 system 563:568 their delocalized π system 543:568 their delocalized π system 543:568 N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan sulfate (TMCS) and N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan acetate (TMCAc) displayed the highest activities, probably due to their delocalized π system. 26686146 1 53 dep groups 364:369 arg1 [- 371:372 [-(+)N(CH3)3] 371:383 [- 371:372 In this study, we show that the bactericidal activity of quaternized chitosans (TMCs) with sulfate, acetate, and halide counterions against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) correlates with the "availability" of N-quaternized groups [-(+)N(CH3)3] in the TMCs backbones. 26686146 1 53 dep groups 364:369 arg1 CH3 378:380 [-(+)N(CH3)3] 371:383 CH3 378:380 In this study, we show that the bactericidal activity of quaternized chitosans (TMCs) with sulfate, acetate, and halide counterions against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) correlates with the "availability" of N-quaternized groups [-(+)N(CH3)3] in the TMCs backbones. 26686146 1 54 theme N-quaternized 350:362 arg1 groups 364:369 N-quaternized groups [-(+)N(CH3)3] in the TMCs backbones 350:405 N-quaternized groups [-(+)N(CH3)3] in the TMCs backbones 350:405 In this study, we show that the bactericidal activity of quaternized chitosans (TMCs) with sulfate, acetate, and halide counterions against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) correlates with the "availability" of N-quaternized groups [-(+)N(CH3)3] in the TMCs backbones. 26686146 1 55 theme TMCs 392:395 arg1 backbones 397:405 the TMCs backbones 388:405 the TMCs backbones 388:405 In this study, we show that the bactericidal activity of quaternized chitosans (TMCs) with sulfate, acetate, and halide counterions against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) correlates with the "availability" of N-quaternized groups [-(+)N(CH3)3] in the TMCs backbones. 26686146 3 56 theme chitosan 647:654 arg1 chloride 656:663 N-trimethyl chitosan chloride 635:663 N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMCCl) 635:671 Among TMCs with halide counterions, activity was higher for N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMCCl), whereas N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan iodide (TMCI) and N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan bromide (TMCBr) exhibited lower, similar values to each other. 26686146 3 56 theme chitosan 647:654 arg1 N 631:631 N 631:631 N 631:631 Among TMCs with halide counterions, activity was higher for N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMCCl), whereas N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan iodide (TMCI) and N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan bromide (TMCBr) exhibited lower, similar values to each other. 26686146 3 56 theme chitosan 647:654 arg1 TMCCl 666:670 TMCCl 666:670 TMCCl 666:670 Among TMCs with halide counterions, activity was higher for N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMCCl), whereas N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan iodide (TMCI) and N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan bromide (TMCBr) exhibited lower, similar values to each other. 28416607 5 0 theme non-sialylated 898:911 arg1 HMOs 913:916 specific non-sialylated HMOs 889:916 specific non-sialylated HMOs 889:916 By separating different HMO fractions through multidimensional chromatography, we found the bacteriostatic activity to be confined to specific non-sialylated HMOs and synergistic with a number of conventional antibiotic agents. 28416607 6 1 theme transposon 1013:1022 arg1 library 1034:1040 a GBS transposon insertion library 1007:1040 a GBS transposon insertion library 1007:1040 Phenotypic screening of a GBS transposon insertion library identified a mutation within a GBS-specific gene encoding a putative glycosyltransferase that confers resistance to HMOs, suggesting that HMOs may function as an alternative substrate to modify a GBS component in a manner that impairs growth kinetics. 28416607 2 2 theme immune 402:407 arg1 system 409:414 the immune system 398:414 the immune system of the infant 398:428 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have important nutritional and biological activities that guide the development of the immune system of the infant and shape the composition of normal gut microbiota. 28416607 6 3 theme GBS-specific 1073:1084 arg1 gene 1086:1089 a GBS-specific gene 1071:1089 a GBS-specific gene encoding a putative glycosyltransferase that confers resistance to HMOs, suggesting that HMOs may function as an alternative substrate to modify a GBS component in a manner that impairs growth kinetics 1071:1291 Phenotypic screening of a GBS transposon insertion library identified a mutation within a GBS-specific gene encoding a putative glycosyltransferase that confers resistance to HMOs, suggesting that HMOs may function as an alternative substrate to modify a GBS component in a manner that impairs growth kinetics. 28416607 7 4 theme molecules 1451:1459 arg1 utility 1424:1430 the potential therapeutic utility 1398:1430 the potential therapeutic utility of these versatile molecules 1398:1459 Our study uncovers a unique antibacterial role for HMOs against a leading neonatal pathogen and expands the potential therapeutic utility of these versatile molecules. 28416607 5 5 theme HMO 779:781 arg1 fractions 783:791 different HMO fractions 769:791 different HMO fractions 769:791 By separating different HMO fractions through multidimensional chromatography, we found the bacteriostatic activity to be confined to specific non-sialylated HMOs and synergistic with a number of conventional antibiotic agents. 28416607 1 6 theme maternal 249:256 arg1 colonization 266:277 maternal vaginal colonization 249:277 maternal vaginal colonization 249:277 Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a leading cause of invasive bacterial infections in newborns, typically acquired vertically during childbirth secondary to maternal vaginal colonization. 28416607 5 7 dep activity 862:869 arg1 synergistic 922:932 synergistic 922:932 synergistic 922:932 By separating different HMO fractions through multidimensional chromatography, we found the bacteriostatic activity to be confined to specific non-sialylated HMOs and synergistic with a number of conventional antibiotic agents. 28416607 5 7 dep activity 862:869 arg1 confined 877:884 confined 877:884 to be confined to specific non-sialylated HMOs 871:916 By separating different HMO fractions through multidimensional chromatography, we found the bacteriostatic activity to be confined to specific non-sialylated HMOs and synergistic with a number of conventional antibiotic agents. 28416607 4 8 theme immunity 745:752 arg1 independent 725:735 independent 725:735 independent 725:735 In the course of our studies of HMO-microbial interactions, we unexpectedly uncovered a novel HMO property to directly inhibit the growth of GBS independent of host immunity. 28416607 5 9 theme antibiotic 964:973 arg1 agents 975:980 conventional antibiotic agents 951:980 conventional antibiotic agents 951:980 By separating different HMO fractions through multidimensional chromatography, we found the bacteriostatic activity to be confined to specific non-sialylated HMOs and synergistic with a number of conventional antibiotic agents. 28416607 1 10 theme vaginal 258:264 arg1 colonization 266:277 maternal vaginal colonization 249:277 maternal vaginal colonization 249:277 Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a leading cause of invasive bacterial infections in newborns, typically acquired vertically during childbirth secondary to maternal vaginal colonization. 28416607 4 11 theme host 740:743 arg1 immunity 745:752 host immunity 740:752 host immunity 740:752 In the course of our studies of HMO-microbial interactions, we unexpectedly uncovered a novel HMO property to directly inhibit the growth of GBS independent of host immunity. 28416607 2 12 theme milk 286:289 arg1 HMOs 309:312 HMOs 309:312 HMOs 309:312 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have important nutritional and biological activities that guide the development of the immune system of the infant and shape the composition of normal gut microbiota. 28416607 2 12 theme milk 286:289 arg1 oligosaccharides 291:306 Human milk oligosaccharides 280:306 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) 280:313 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have important nutritional and biological activities that guide the development of the immune system of the infant and shape the composition of normal gut microbiota. 28416607 5 13 theme specific 889:896 arg1 HMOs 913:916 specific non-sialylated HMOs 889:916 specific non-sialylated HMOs 889:916 By separating different HMO fractions through multidimensional chromatography, we found the bacteriostatic activity to be confined to specific non-sialylated HMOs and synergistic with a number of conventional antibiotic agents. 28416607 6 14 theme putative 1102:1109 arg1 glycosyltransferase 1111:1129 a putative glycosyltransferase 1100:1129 a putative glycosyltransferase that confers resistance to HMOs, suggesting that HMOs may function as an alternative substrate to modify a GBS component in a manner that impairs growth kinetics 1100:1291 Phenotypic screening of a GBS transposon insertion library identified a mutation within a GBS-specific gene encoding a putative glycosyltransferase that confers resistance to HMOs, suggesting that HMOs may function as an alternative substrate to modify a GBS component in a manner that impairs growth kinetics. 28416607 1 15 theme Streptococcus 69:81 arg1 agalactiae 83:92 Streptococcus agalactiae 69:92 Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus, GBS) 69:121 Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a leading cause of invasive bacterial infections in newborns, typically acquired vertically during childbirth secondary to maternal vaginal colonization. 28416607 7 16 dep potential 1402:1410 arg1 therapeutic 1412:1422 therapeutic 1412:1422 therapeutic 1412:1422 Our study uncovers a unique antibacterial role for HMOs against a leading neonatal pathogen and expands the potential therapeutic utility of these versatile molecules. 28416607 1 17 theme invasive 145:152 arg1 infections 164:173 invasive bacterial infections 145:173 invasive bacterial infections 145:173 Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a leading cause of invasive bacterial infections in newborns, typically acquired vertically during childbirth secondary to maternal vaginal colonization. 28416607 6 18 theme growth 1277:1282 arg1 kinetics 1284:1291 growth kinetics 1277:1291 growth kinetics 1277:1291 Phenotypic screening of a GBS transposon insertion library identified a mutation within a GBS-specific gene encoding a putative glycosyltransferase that confers resistance to HMOs, suggesting that HMOs may function as an alternative substrate to modify a GBS component in a manner that impairs growth kinetics. 28416607 3 19 theme pathogen 524:531 arg1 colonization 533:544 pathogen colonization 524:544 pathogen colonization 524:544 In this manner, HMOs help protect against pathogen colonization and reduce the risk of infection. 28416607 1 20 theme bacterial 154:162 arg1 infections 164:173 invasive bacterial infections 145:173 invasive bacterial infections 145:173 Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a leading cause of invasive bacterial infections in newborns, typically acquired vertically during childbirth secondary to maternal vaginal colonization. 28416607 0 21 theme milk 6:9 arg1 oligosaccharides 11:26 Human milk oligosaccharides 0:26 Human milk oligosaccharides 0:26 Human milk oligosaccharides inhibit growth of group B Streptococcus. 28416607 4 22 theme GBS 721:723 arg1 growth 711:716 the growth 707:716 the growth of GBS independent of host immunity 707:752 In the course of our studies of HMO-microbial interactions, we unexpectedly uncovered a novel HMO property to directly inhibit the growth of GBS independent of host immunity. 28416607 1 23 theme infections 164:173 arg1 cause 136:140 a leading cause 126:140 a leading cause of invasive bacterial infections 126:173 Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a leading cause of invasive bacterial infections in newborns, typically acquired vertically during childbirth secondary to maternal vaginal colonization. 28416607 0 24 theme Human 0:4 arg1 oligosaccharides 11:26 Human milk oligosaccharides 0:26 Human milk oligosaccharides 0:26 Human milk oligosaccharides inhibit growth of group B Streptococcus. 28416607 5 25 with synergistic 922:932 arg1 number 941:946 a number 939:946 a number of conventional antibiotic agents 939:980 By separating different HMO fractions through multidimensional chromatography, we found the bacteriostatic activity to be confined to specific non-sialylated HMOs and synergistic with a number of conventional antibiotic agents. 28416607 1 26 theme group 95:99 arg1 GBS 118:120 GBS 118:120 GBS 118:120 Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a leading cause of invasive bacterial infections in newborns, typically acquired vertically during childbirth secondary to maternal vaginal colonization. 28416607 1 26 theme group 95:99 arg1 Streptococcus 103:115 group B Streptococcus 95:115 group B Streptococcus 95:115 Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a leading cause of invasive bacterial infections in newborns, typically acquired vertically during childbirth secondary to maternal vaginal colonization. 28416607 5 27 theme multidimensional 801:816 arg1 chromatography 818:831 multidimensional chromatography 801:831 multidimensional chromatography 801:831 By separating different HMO fractions through multidimensional chromatography, we found the bacteriostatic activity to be confined to specific non-sialylated HMOs and synergistic with a number of conventional antibiotic agents. 28416607 7 28 theme neonatal 1368:1375 arg1 pathogen 1377:1384 a leading neonatal pathogen 1358:1384 a leading neonatal pathogen 1358:1384 Our study uncovers a unique antibacterial role for HMOs against a leading neonatal pathogen and expands the potential therapeutic utility of these versatile molecules. 28416607 1 29 theme B 101:101 arg1 GBS 118:120 GBS 118:120 GBS 118:120 Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a leading cause of invasive bacterial infections in newborns, typically acquired vertically during childbirth secondary to maternal vaginal colonization. 28416607 1 29 theme B 101:101 arg1 Streptococcus 103:115 group B Streptococcus 95:115 group B Streptococcus 95:115 Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a leading cause of invasive bacterial infections in newborns, typically acquired vertically during childbirth secondary to maternal vaginal colonization. 28416607 2 30 theme infant 423:428 arg1 system 409:414 the immune system 398:414 the immune system of the infant 398:428 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have important nutritional and biological activities that guide the development of the immune system of the infant and shape the composition of normal gut microbiota. 28416607 7 31 theme unique 1315:1320 arg1 role 1336:1339 a unique antibacterial role 1313:1339 a unique antibacterial role for HMOs against a leading neonatal pathogen 1313:1384 Our study uncovers a unique antibacterial role for HMOs against a leading neonatal pathogen and expands the potential therapeutic utility of these versatile molecules. 28416607 2 32 theme Human 280:284 arg1 HMOs 309:312 HMOs 309:312 HMOs 309:312 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have important nutritional and biological activities that guide the development of the immune system of the infant and shape the composition of normal gut microbiota. 28416607 2 32 theme Human 280:284 arg1 oligosaccharides 291:306 Human milk oligosaccharides 280:306 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) 280:313 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have important nutritional and biological activities that guide the development of the immune system of the infant and shape the composition of normal gut microbiota. 28416607 4 33 theme independent 725:735 arg1 GBS 721:723 GBS 721:723 GBS independent of host immunity 721:752 In the course of our studies of HMO-microbial interactions, we unexpectedly uncovered a novel HMO property to directly inhibit the growth of GBS independent of host immunity. 28416607 2 34 theme normal 459:464 arg1 microbiota 470:479 normal gut microbiota 459:479 normal gut microbiota 459:479 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have important nutritional and biological activities that guide the development of the immune system of the infant and shape the composition of normal gut microbiota. 28416607 2 35 theme microbiota 470:479 arg1 composition 444:454 the composition 440:454 the composition of normal gut microbiota 440:479 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have important nutritional and biological activities that guide the development of the immune system of the infant and shape the composition of normal gut microbiota. 28416607 5 36 theme agents 975:980 arg1 number 941:946 a number 939:946 a number of conventional antibiotic agents 939:980 By separating different HMO fractions through multidimensional chromatography, we found the bacteriostatic activity to be confined to specific non-sialylated HMOs and synergistic with a number of conventional antibiotic agents. 28416607 7 37 theme potential 1402:1410 arg1 utility 1424:1430 the potential therapeutic utility 1398:1430 the potential therapeutic utility of these versatile molecules 1398:1459 Our study uncovers a unique antibacterial role for HMOs against a leading neonatal pathogen and expands the potential therapeutic utility of these versatile molecules. 28416607 2 38 theme gut 466:468 arg1 microbiota 470:479 normal gut microbiota 459:479 normal gut microbiota 459:479 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have important nutritional and biological activities that guide the development of the immune system of the infant and shape the composition of normal gut microbiota. 28416607 5 39 theme different 769:777 arg1 fractions 783:791 different HMO fractions 769:791 different HMO fractions 769:791 By separating different HMO fractions through multidimensional chromatography, we found the bacteriostatic activity to be confined to specific non-sialylated HMOs and synergistic with a number of conventional antibiotic agents. 28416607 6 40 theme GBS 1009:1011 arg1 library 1034:1040 a GBS transposon insertion library 1007:1040 a GBS transposon insertion library 1007:1040 Phenotypic screening of a GBS transposon insertion library identified a mutation within a GBS-specific gene encoding a putative glycosyltransferase that confers resistance to HMOs, suggesting that HMOs may function as an alternative substrate to modify a GBS component in a manner that impairs growth kinetics. 28416607 6 41 theme library 1034:1040 arg1 screening 994:1002 Phenotypic screening 983:1002 Phenotypic screening of a GBS transposon insertion library 983:1040 Phenotypic screening of a GBS transposon insertion library identified a mutation within a GBS-specific gene encoding a putative glycosyltransferase that confers resistance to HMOs, suggesting that HMOs may function as an alternative substrate to modify a GBS component in a manner that impairs growth kinetics. 28416607 5 42 theme bacteriostatic 847:860 arg1 activity 862:869 the bacteriostatic activity to be confined to specific non-sialylated HMOs and synergistic with a number of conventional antibiotic agents 843:980 the bacteriostatic activity to be confined to specific non-sialylated HMOs and synergistic with a number of conventional antibiotic agents 843:980 By separating different HMO fractions through multidimensional chromatography, we found the bacteriostatic activity to be confined to specific non-sialylated HMOs and synergistic with a number of conventional antibiotic agents. 28416607 2 43 theme system 409:414 arg1 development 383:393 the development 379:393 the development of the immune system of the infant 379:428 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have important nutritional and biological activities that guide the development of the immune system of the infant and shape the composition of normal gut microbiota. 28416607 0 44 theme B 52:52 arg1 Streptococcus 54:66 group B Streptococcus 46:66 group B Streptococcus 46:66 Human milk oligosaccharides inhibit growth of group B Streptococcus. 28416607 6 45 theme Phenotypic 983:992 arg1 screening 994:1002 Phenotypic screening 983:1002 Phenotypic screening of a GBS transposon insertion library 983:1040 Phenotypic screening of a GBS transposon insertion library identified a mutation within a GBS-specific gene encoding a putative glycosyltransferase that confers resistance to HMOs, suggesting that HMOs may function as an alternative substrate to modify a GBS component in a manner that impairs growth kinetics. 28416607 3 46 theme infection 569:577 arg1 risk 561:564 the risk 557:564 the risk of infection 557:577 In this manner, HMOs help protect against pathogen colonization and reduce the risk of infection. 28416607 2 47 theme biological 346:355 arg1 activities 357:366 important nutritional and biological activities 320:366 important nutritional and biological activities that guide the development of the immune system of the infant and shape the composition of normal gut microbiota 320:479 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have important nutritional and biological activities that guide the development of the immune system of the infant and shape the composition of normal gut microbiota. 28416607 0 48 theme group 46:50 arg1 Streptococcus 54:66 group B Streptococcus 46:66 group B Streptococcus 46:66 Human milk oligosaccharides inhibit growth of group B Streptococcus. 28416607 6 49 theme alternative 1204:1214 arg1 HMOs 1180:1183 HMOs 1180:1183 HMOs 1180:1183 Phenotypic screening of a GBS transposon insertion library identified a mutation within a GBS-specific gene encoding a putative glycosyltransferase that confers resistance to HMOs, suggesting that HMOs may function as an alternative substrate to modify a GBS component in a manner that impairs growth kinetics. 28416607 6 49 theme alternative 1204:1214 arg1 substrate 1216:1224 an alternative substrate 1201:1224 an alternative substrate 1201:1224 Phenotypic screening of a GBS transposon insertion library identified a mutation within a GBS-specific gene encoding a putative glycosyltransferase that confers resistance to HMOs, suggesting that HMOs may function as an alternative substrate to modify a GBS component in a manner that impairs growth kinetics. 28416607 1 50 dep agalactiae 83:92 arg1 GBS 118:120 GBS 118:120 GBS 118:120 Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a leading cause of invasive bacterial infections in newborns, typically acquired vertically during childbirth secondary to maternal vaginal colonization. 28416607 1 50 dep agalactiae 83:92 arg1 Streptococcus 103:115 group B Streptococcus 95:115 group B Streptococcus 95:115 Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a leading cause of invasive bacterial infections in newborns, typically acquired vertically during childbirth secondary to maternal vaginal colonization. 28416607 2 51 contain have 315:318 arg1 HMOs 309:312 HMOs 309:312 HMOs 309:312 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have important nutritional and biological activities that guide the development of the immune system of the infant and shape the composition of normal gut microbiota. 28416607 2 51 contain have 315:318 arg1 oligosaccharides 291:306 Human milk oligosaccharides 280:306 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) 280:313 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have important nutritional and biological activities that guide the development of the immune system of the infant and shape the composition of normal gut microbiota. 28416607 2 51 contain have 315:318 arg2 activities 357:366 important nutritional and biological activities 320:366 important nutritional and biological activities that guide the development of the immune system of the infant and shape the composition of normal gut microbiota 320:479 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have important nutritional and biological activities that guide the development of the immune system of the infant and shape the composition of normal gut microbiota. 28416607 6 52 theme GBS 1238:1240 arg1 component 1242:1250 a GBS component 1236:1250 a GBS component 1236:1250 Phenotypic screening of a GBS transposon insertion library identified a mutation within a GBS-specific gene encoding a putative glycosyltransferase that confers resistance to HMOs, suggesting that HMOs may function as an alternative substrate to modify a GBS component in a manner that impairs growth kinetics. 28416607 4 53 theme novel 668:672 arg1 property 678:685 a novel HMO property 666:685 a novel HMO property to directly inhibit the growth of GBS independent of host immunity 666:752 In the course of our studies of HMO-microbial interactions, we unexpectedly uncovered a novel HMO property to directly inhibit the growth of GBS independent of host immunity. 28416607 2 54 theme nutritional 330:340 arg1 activities 357:366 important nutritional and biological activities 320:366 important nutritional and biological activities that guide the development of the immune system of the infant and shape the composition of normal gut microbiota 320:479 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have important nutritional and biological activities that guide the development of the immune system of the infant and shape the composition of normal gut microbiota. 28416607 5 55 theme conventional 951:962 arg1 agents 975:980 conventional antibiotic agents 951:980 conventional antibiotic agents 951:980 By separating different HMO fractions through multidimensional chromatography, we found the bacteriostatic activity to be confined to specific non-sialylated HMOs and synergistic with a number of conventional antibiotic agents. 28416607 5 56 gly non-sialylated 898:911 arg1 HMOs 913:916 specific non-sialylated HMOs 889:916 specific non-sialylated HMOs 889:916 By separating different HMO fractions through multidimensional chromatography, we found the bacteriostatic activity to be confined to specific non-sialylated HMOs and synergistic with a number of conventional antibiotic agents. 28416607 1 57 dep acquired 198:205 arg1 cause 136:140 a leading cause 126:140 a leading cause of invasive bacterial infections 126:173 Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a leading cause of invasive bacterial infections in newborns, typically acquired vertically during childbirth secondary to maternal vaginal colonization. 28416607 7 58 theme versatile 1441:1449 arg1 molecules 1451:1459 these versatile molecules 1435:1459 these versatile molecules 1435:1459 Our study uncovers a unique antibacterial role for HMOs against a leading neonatal pathogen and expands the potential therapeutic utility of these versatile molecules. 28416607 2 59 theme important 320:328 arg1 activities 357:366 important nutritional and biological activities 320:366 important nutritional and biological activities that guide the development of the immune system of the infant and shape the composition of normal gut microbiota 320:479 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have important nutritional and biological activities that guide the development of the immune system of the infant and shape the composition of normal gut microbiota. 28416607 4 60 theme interactions 626:637 arg1 studies 601:607 our studies 597:607 our studies of HMO-microbial interactions 597:637 In the course of our studies of HMO-microbial interactions, we unexpectedly uncovered a novel HMO property to directly inhibit the growth of GBS independent of host immunity. 28416607 7 61 theme leading 1360:1366 arg1 pathogen 1377:1384 a leading neonatal pathogen 1358:1384 a leading neonatal pathogen 1358:1384 Our study uncovers a unique antibacterial role for HMOs against a leading neonatal pathogen and expands the potential therapeutic utility of these versatile molecules. 28416607 4 62 theme HMO-microbial 612:624 arg1 interactions 626:637 HMO-microbial interactions 612:637 HMO-microbial interactions 612:637 In the course of our studies of HMO-microbial interactions, we unexpectedly uncovered a novel HMO property to directly inhibit the growth of GBS independent of host immunity. 28416607 4 63 theme HMO 674:676 arg1 property 678:685 a novel HMO property 666:685 a novel HMO property to directly inhibit the growth of GBS independent of host immunity 666:752 In the course of our studies of HMO-microbial interactions, we unexpectedly uncovered a novel HMO property to directly inhibit the growth of GBS independent of host immunity. 28416607 7 64 theme antibacterial 1322:1334 arg1 role 1336:1339 a unique antibacterial role 1313:1339 a unique antibacterial role for HMOs against a leading neonatal pathogen 1313:1384 Our study uncovers a unique antibacterial role for HMOs against a leading neonatal pathogen and expands the potential therapeutic utility of these versatile molecules. 28416607 4 65 theme studies 601:607 arg1 course 587:592 the course 583:592 the course of our studies of HMO-microbial interactions 583:637 In the course of our studies of HMO-microbial interactions, we unexpectedly uncovered a novel HMO property to directly inhibit the growth of GBS independent of host immunity. 28416607 0 66 theme Streptococcus 54:66 arg1 growth 36:41 growth 36:41 growth of group B Streptococcus 36:66 Human milk oligosaccharides inhibit growth of group B Streptococcus. 28416607 6 67 theme insertion 1024:1032 arg1 library 1034:1040 a GBS transposon insertion library 1007:1040 a GBS transposon insertion library 1007:1040 Phenotypic screening of a GBS transposon insertion library identified a mutation within a GBS-specific gene encoding a putative glycosyltransferase that confers resistance to HMOs, suggesting that HMOs may function as an alternative substrate to modify a GBS component in a manner that impairs growth kinetics. 28416607 1 68 theme leading 128:134 arg1 cause 136:140 a leading cause 126:140 a leading cause of invasive bacterial infections 126:173 Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a leading cause of invasive bacterial infections in newborns, typically acquired vertically during childbirth secondary to maternal vaginal colonization. 28416607 1 69 theme secondary 236:244 arg1 childbirth 225:234 childbirth 225:234 childbirth secondary to maternal vaginal colonization 225:277 Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a leading cause of invasive bacterial infections in newborns, typically acquired vertically during childbirth secondary to maternal vaginal colonization. 24052168 6 0 theme mouse 943:947 arg1 adhesion 960:967 mouse fibroblast adhesion 943:967 mouse fibroblast adhesion 943:967 The CNTs in the chitosan/collagen-based composites promoted mouse fibroblast adhesion, producing a distinct cytoskeletal structure. 24052168 13 1 theme blank 1861:1865 arg1 group 1875:1879 the blank control group 1857:1879 the blank control group 1857:1879 Early apoptosis of cells in the blank control group was not detectable. 24052168 16 2 theme fibroblasts 2196:2206 arg1 proliferation 2179:2191 proliferation 2179:2191 proliferation 2179:2191 Compared with chitosan/collagen composites, early adhesion and proliferation of fibroblasts were increased on chitosan/collagen+CNTs. 24052168 16 2 theme fibroblasts 2196:2206 arg1 adhesion 2166:2173 early adhesion 2160:2173 early adhesion 2160:2173 Compared with chitosan/collagen composites, early adhesion and proliferation of fibroblasts were increased on chitosan/collagen+CNTs. 24052168 10 3 theme early 1425:1429 arg1 apoptosis 1431:1439 early apoptosis 1425:1439 early apoptosis of cells 1425:1448 At 4 days after incubation, no early apoptosis of cells was detected in the blank control group, whereas early apoptosis of cells was observed in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs and chitosan/collagen groups. 24052168 6 4 from CNTs 887:890 arg1 composites 923:932 the chitosan/collagen-based composites 895:932 the chitosan/collagen-based composites 895:932 The CNTs in the chitosan/collagen-based composites promoted mouse fibroblast adhesion, producing a distinct cytoskeletal structure. 24052168 11 5 theme cells 1577:1581 arg1 proportion 1556:1565 the proportion 1552:1565 the proportion of living cells 1552:1581 No significant difference in the proportion of living cells was detected among the three groups. 24052168 2 6 theme material 287:294 arg1 surface 268:274 the surface 264:274 the surface of a novel material consisting of CNTs in a chitosan/collagen-based composite (chitosan/collagen+CNTs group) 264:383 Mouse fibroblasts were cultured on the surface of a novel material consisting of CNTs in a chitosan/collagen-based composite (chitosan/collagen+CNTs group). 24052168 12 7 theme control 1814:1820 arg1 group 1822:1826 the blank control group 1804:1826 the blank control group 1804:1826 After entering the plateau stage, the average cell number in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group was similar to that in the chitosan/collagen group and significantly smaller than that in the blank control group. 24052168 3 8 theme blank 564:568 arg1 group 578:582 blank control group 564:582 blank control group 564:582 Chitosan/collagen composites without CNTs served as the control material (chitosan/collagen group) and cells cultured normally in tissue culture plates served as blank controls (blank control group). 24052168 3 8 theme blank 564:568 arg1 controls 554:561 blank controls 548:561 blank controls (blank control group) 548:583 Chitosan/collagen composites without CNTs served as the control material (chitosan/collagen group) and cells cultured normally in tissue culture plates served as blank controls (blank control group). 24052168 9 9 theme blank 1267:1271 arg1 group 1281:1285 The blank control group 1263:1285 The blank control group 1263:1285 The blank control group even had a few unattached cells. 24052168 14 10 from differences 1924:1934 arg1 apoptosis 1945:1953 early apoptosis 1939:1953 early apoptosis 1939:1953 There were significant differences in early apoptosis among the three groups. 24052168 12 11 from number 1671:1676 arg1 group 1708:1712 the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group 1681:1712 the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group 1681:1712 After entering the plateau stage, the average cell number in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group was similar to that in the chitosan/collagen group and significantly smaller than that in the blank control group. 24052168 7 12 theme typical 1114:1120 arg1 morphology 1135:1144 typical fibroblastic morphology 1114:1144 typical fibroblastic morphology 1114:1144 At 24 h after culture, the cytoskeleton of the cells in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group displayed typical fibroblastic morphology, with clear microfilaments. 24052168 13 13 from apoptosis 1835:1843 arg1 group 1875:1879 the blank control group 1857:1879 the blank control group 1857:1879 Early apoptosis of cells in the blank control group was not detectable. 24052168 10 14 dep detected 1380:1387 arg1 whereas 1417:1423 whereas 1417:1423 whereas 1417:1423 At 4 days after incubation, no early apoptosis of cells was detected in the blank control group, whereas early apoptosis of cells was observed in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs and chitosan/collagen groups. 24052168 1 15 theme chitosan/collagen-based 194:216 arg1 composite 218:226 a chitosan/collagen-based composite 192:226 a chitosan/collagen-based composite 192:226 This study investigated the in vitro cytocompatibility of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a chitosan/collagen-based composite. 24052168 6 16 theme distinct 982:989 arg1 structure 1004:1012 a distinct cytoskeletal structure 980:1012 a distinct cytoskeletal structure 980:1012 The CNTs in the chitosan/collagen-based composites promoted mouse fibroblast adhesion, producing a distinct cytoskeletal structure. 24052168 17 17 theme mouse 2380:2384 arg1 proliferation 2397:2409 mouse fibroblast proliferation 2380:2409 mouse fibroblast proliferation 2380:2409 However, at relatively high cell densities, the CNTs in the chitosan/collagen-based composite might exert an inhibitory effect on mouse fibroblast proliferation by inducing apoptosis. 24052168 10 18 located observed 1454:1461 arg1 groups 1515:1520 the chitosan/collagen+CNTs and chitosan/collagen groups 1466:1520 groups 1515:1520 At 4 days after incubation, no early apoptosis of cells was detected in the blank control group, whereas early apoptosis of cells was observed in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs and chitosan/collagen groups. 24052168 10 18 located observed 1454:1461 arg2 apoptosis 1431:1439 early apoptosis 1425:1439 early apoptosis of cells 1425:1448 At 4 days after incubation, no early apoptosis of cells was detected in the blank control group, whereas early apoptosis of cells was observed in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs and chitosan/collagen groups. 24052168 5 19 theme blank 862:866 arg1 group 876:880 the blank control group 858:880 the blank control group 858:880 The doubling time (DT1) of cells was significantly shorter in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group than in the chitosan/collagen group, and that in the chitosan/collagen group was shorter than in the blank control group. 24052168 15 20 from CNTs 2006:2009 arg1 composite 2040:2048 a chitosan/collagen-based composite 2014:2048 a chitosan/collagen-based composite 2014:2048 These results suggest that CNTs in a chitosan/collagen-based composite did not cause significant cytotoxic effects on mouse fibroblasts. 24052168 9 21 theme few 1298:1300 arg1 cells 1313:1317 a few unattached cells 1296:1317 a few unattached cells 1296:1317 The blank control group even had a few unattached cells. 24052168 2 22 theme Mouse 229:233 arg1 fibroblasts 235:245 Mouse fibroblasts 229:245 Mouse fibroblasts 229:245 Mouse fibroblasts were cultured on the surface of a novel material consisting of CNTs in a chitosan/collagen-based composite (chitosan/collagen+CNTs group). 24052168 9 23 contain had 1292:1294 arg1 group 1281:1285 The blank control group 1263:1285 The blank control group 1263:1285 The blank control group even had a few unattached cells. 24052168 9 23 contain had 1292:1294 arg2 cells 1313:1317 a few unattached cells 1296:1317 a few unattached cells 1296:1317 The blank control group even had a few unattached cells. 24052168 7 24 theme cells 1062:1066 arg1 cytoskeleton 1042:1053 the cytoskeleton 1038:1053 the cytoskeleton of the cells in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group 1038:1102 At 24 h after culture, the cytoskeleton of the cells in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group displayed typical fibroblastic morphology, with clear microfilaments. 24052168 11 25 theme significant 1526:1536 arg1 difference 1538:1547 No significant difference 1523:1547 No significant difference in the proportion of living cells 1523:1581 No significant difference in the proportion of living cells was detected among the three groups. 24052168 5 26 theme chitosan/collagen 773:789 arg1 group 791:795 the chitosan/collagen group 769:795 the chitosan/collagen group 769:795 The doubling time (DT1) of cells was significantly shorter in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group than in the chitosan/collagen group, and that in the chitosan/collagen group was shorter than in the blank control group. 24052168 13 27 theme Early 1829:1833 arg1 apoptosis 1835:1843 Early apoptosis 1829:1843 Early apoptosis of cells in the blank control group 1829:1879 Early apoptosis of cells in the blank control group was not detectable. 24052168 17 28 theme chitosan/collagen-based 2310:2332 arg1 composite 2334:2342 the chitosan/collagen-based composite 2306:2342 the chitosan/collagen-based composite 2306:2342 However, at relatively high cell densities, the CNTs in the chitosan/collagen-based composite might exert an inhibitory effect on mouse fibroblast proliferation by inducing apoptosis. 24052168 10 29 theme chitosan/collagen+CNTs 1470:1491 arg1 groups 1515:1520 the chitosan/collagen+CNTs and chitosan/collagen groups 1466:1520 groups 1515:1520 At 4 days after incubation, no early apoptosis of cells was detected in the blank control group, whereas early apoptosis of cells was observed in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs and chitosan/collagen groups. 24052168 11 30 theme living 1570:1575 arg1 cells 1577:1581 living cells 1570:1581 living cells 1570:1581 No significant difference in the proportion of living cells was detected among the three groups. 24052168 0 31 theme fibroblast 76:85 arg1 proliferation 92:104 mouse fibroblast cell proliferation 70:104 mouse fibroblast cell proliferation 70:104 Effects of carbon nanotubes in a chitosan/collagen-based composite on mouse fibroblast cell proliferation. 24052168 1 32 theme nanotubes 172:180 arg1 cytocompatibility 144:160 the in vitro cytocompatibility 131:160 the in vitro cytocompatibility of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a chitosan/collagen-based composite 131:226 This study investigated the in vitro cytocompatibility of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a chitosan/collagen-based composite. 24052168 1 33 dep in 135:136 arg1 vitro 138:142 vitro 138:142 vitro 138:142 This study investigated the in vitro cytocompatibility of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a chitosan/collagen-based composite. 24052168 1 34 from cytocompatibility 144:160 arg1 composite 218:226 a chitosan/collagen-based composite 192:226 a chitosan/collagen-based composite 192:226 This study investigated the in vitro cytocompatibility of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a chitosan/collagen-based composite. 24052168 17 35 theme cell 2278:2281 arg1 densities 2283:2291 relatively high cell densities 2262:2291 relatively high cell densities 2262:2291 However, at relatively high cell densities, the CNTs in the chitosan/collagen-based composite might exert an inhibitory effect on mouse fibroblast proliferation by inducing apoptosis. 24052168 10 36 theme chitosan/collagen 1497:1513 arg1 groups 1515:1520 the chitosan/collagen+CNTs and chitosan/collagen groups 1466:1520 groups 1515:1520 At 4 days after incubation, no early apoptosis of cells was detected in the blank control group, whereas early apoptosis of cells was observed in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs and chitosan/collagen groups. 24052168 8 37 with round 1226:1230 arg1 cytoskeleton 1249:1260 an unclear cytoskeleton 1238:1260 an unclear cytoskeleton 1238:1260 Cells in the chitosan/collagen group were typically round, with an unclear cytoskeleton. 24052168 15 38 theme significant 2064:2074 arg1 effects 2086:2092 significant cytotoxic effects 2064:2092 significant cytotoxic effects on mouse fibroblasts 2064:2113 These results suggest that CNTs in a chitosan/collagen-based composite did not cause significant cytotoxic effects on mouse fibroblasts. 24052168 10 39 theme early 1351:1355 arg1 apoptosis 1357:1365 no early apoptosis 1348:1365 no early apoptosis of cells 1348:1374 At 4 days after incubation, no early apoptosis of cells was detected in the blank control group, whereas early apoptosis of cells was observed in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs and chitosan/collagen groups. 24052168 0 40 theme carbon 11:16 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of carbon 0:16 Effects of carbon nanotubes in a chitosan/collagen-based composite on mouse fibroblast cell proliferation. 24052168 3 41 theme control 442:448 arg1 group 478:482 chitosan/collagen group 460:482 chitosan/collagen group 460:482 Chitosan/collagen composites without CNTs served as the control material (chitosan/collagen group) and cells cultured normally in tissue culture plates served as blank controls (blank control group). 24052168 3 41 theme control 442:448 arg1 composites 404:413 Chitosan/collagen composites 386:413 Chitosan/collagen composites without CNTs 386:426 Chitosan/collagen composites without CNTs served as the control material (chitosan/collagen group) and cells cultured normally in tissue culture plates served as blank controls (blank control group). 24052168 3 41 theme control 442:448 arg1 material 450:457 the control material 438:457 the control material (chitosan/collagen group) 438:483 Chitosan/collagen composites without CNTs served as the control material (chitosan/collagen group) and cells cultured normally in tissue culture plates served as blank controls (blank control group). 24052168 4 42 theme Cell 586:589 arg1 adhesion 591:598 Cell adhesion 586:598 Cell adhesion 586:598 Cell adhesion and proliferation were observed, and cell apoptosis was measured. 24052168 10 43 located detected 1380:1387 arg2 apoptosis 1357:1365 no early apoptosis 1348:1365 no early apoptosis of cells 1348:1374 At 4 days after incubation, no early apoptosis of cells was detected in the blank control group, whereas early apoptosis of cells was observed in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs and chitosan/collagen groups. 24052168 10 43 located detected 1380:1387 arg1 group 1410:1414 the blank control group 1392:1414 the blank control group 1392:1414 At 4 days after incubation, no early apoptosis of cells was detected in the blank control group, whereas early apoptosis of cells was observed in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs and chitosan/collagen groups. 24052168 10 43 located detected 1380:1387 arg1 4 days 1323:1328 4 days 1323:1328 4 days after incubation 1323:1345 At 4 days after incubation, no early apoptosis of cells was detected in the blank control group, whereas early apoptosis of cells was observed in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs and chitosan/collagen groups. 24052168 3 44 theme culture 523:529 arg1 plates 531:536 tissue culture plates 516:536 tissue culture plates 516:536 Chitosan/collagen composites without CNTs served as the control material (chitosan/collagen group) and cells cultured normally in tissue culture plates served as blank controls (blank control group). 24052168 0 45 theme chitosan/collagen-based 33:55 arg1 composite 57:65 a chitosan/collagen-based composite 31:65 a chitosan/collagen-based composite on mouse fibroblast cell proliferation 31:104 Effects of carbon nanotubes in a chitosan/collagen-based composite on mouse fibroblast cell proliferation. 24052168 15 46 from effects 2086:2092 arg1 fibroblasts 2103:2113 mouse fibroblasts 2097:2113 mouse fibroblasts 2097:2113 These results suggest that CNTs in a chitosan/collagen-based composite did not cause significant cytotoxic effects on mouse fibroblasts. 24052168 16 47 theme chitosan/collagen 2130:2146 arg1 composites 2148:2157 chitosan/collagen composites 2130:2157 chitosan/collagen composites 2130:2157 Compared with chitosan/collagen composites, early adhesion and proliferation of fibroblasts were increased on chitosan/collagen+CNTs. 24052168 7 48 from cells 1062:1066 arg1 group 1098:1102 the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group 1071:1102 the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group 1071:1102 At 24 h after culture, the cytoskeleton of the cells in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group displayed typical fibroblastic morphology, with clear microfilaments. 24052168 13 49 theme cells 1848:1852 arg1 apoptosis 1835:1843 Early apoptosis 1829:1843 Early apoptosis of cells in the blank control group 1829:1879 Early apoptosis of cells in the blank control group was not detectable. 24052168 10 50 theme blank 1396:1400 arg1 group 1410:1414 the blank control group 1392:1414 the blank control group 1392:1414 At 4 days after incubation, no early apoptosis of cells was detected in the blank control group, whereas early apoptosis of cells was observed in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs and chitosan/collagen groups. 24052168 3 51 theme blank 548:552 arg1 cells 489:493 cells 489:493 cells cultured normally in tissue culture plates 489:536 Chitosan/collagen composites without CNTs served as the control material (chitosan/collagen group) and cells cultured normally in tissue culture plates served as blank controls (blank control group). 24052168 3 51 theme blank 548:552 arg1 group 578:582 blank control group 564:582 blank control group 564:582 Chitosan/collagen composites without CNTs served as the control material (chitosan/collagen group) and cells cultured normally in tissue culture plates served as blank controls (blank control group). 24052168 3 51 theme blank 548:552 arg1 controls 554:561 blank controls 548:561 blank controls (blank control group) 548:583 Chitosan/collagen composites without CNTs served as the control material (chitosan/collagen group) and cells cultured normally in tissue culture plates served as blank controls (blank control group). 24052168 6 52 theme fibroblast 949:958 arg1 adhesion 960:967 mouse fibroblast adhesion 943:967 mouse fibroblast adhesion 943:967 The CNTs in the chitosan/collagen-based composites promoted mouse fibroblast adhesion, producing a distinct cytoskeletal structure. 24052168 4 53 theme cell 637:640 arg1 apoptosis 642:650 cell apoptosis 637:650 cell apoptosis 637:650 Cell adhesion and proliferation were observed, and cell apoptosis was measured. 24052168 5 54 theme doubling 670:677 arg1 time 679:682 The doubling time 666:682 The doubling time (DT1) of cells 666:697 The doubling time (DT1) of cells was significantly shorter in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group than in the chitosan/collagen group, and that in the chitosan/collagen group was shorter than in the blank control group. 24052168 5 54 theme doubling 670:677 arg1 shorter 717:723 shorter 717:723 shorter 717:723 The doubling time (DT1) of cells was significantly shorter in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group than in the chitosan/collagen group, and that in the chitosan/collagen group was shorter than in the blank control group. 24052168 5 54 theme doubling 670:677 arg1 DT1 685:687 DT1 685:687 DT1 685:687 The doubling time (DT1) of cells was significantly shorter in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group than in the chitosan/collagen group, and that in the chitosan/collagen group was shorter than in the blank control group. 24052168 8 55 theme chitosan/collagen 1187:1203 arg1 group 1205:1209 the chitosan/collagen group 1183:1209 the chitosan/collagen group 1183:1209 Cells in the chitosan/collagen group were typically round, with an unclear cytoskeleton. 24052168 12 56 theme blank 1808:1812 arg1 group 1822:1826 the blank control group 1804:1826 the blank control group 1804:1826 After entering the plateau stage, the average cell number in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group was similar to that in the chitosan/collagen group and significantly smaller than that in the blank control group. 24052168 7 57 from group 1098:1102 arg1 cytoskeleton 1042:1053 the cytoskeleton 1038:1053 the cytoskeleton of the cells in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group 1038:1102 At 24 h after culture, the cytoskeleton of the cells in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group displayed typical fibroblastic morphology, with clear microfilaments. 24052168 7 58 theme clear 1152:1156 arg1 microfilaments 1158:1171 clear microfilaments 1152:1171 clear microfilaments 1152:1171 At 24 h after culture, the cytoskeleton of the cells in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group displayed typical fibroblastic morphology, with clear microfilaments. 24052168 3 59 theme control 570:576 arg1 group 578:582 blank control group 564:582 blank control group 564:582 Chitosan/collagen composites without CNTs served as the control material (chitosan/collagen group) and cells cultured normally in tissue culture plates served as blank controls (blank control group). 24052168 3 59 theme control 570:576 arg1 controls 554:561 blank controls 548:561 blank controls (blank control group) 548:583 Chitosan/collagen composites without CNTs served as the control material (chitosan/collagen group) and cells cultured normally in tissue culture plates served as blank controls (blank control group). 24052168 6 60 theme chitosan/collagen-based 899:921 arg1 composites 923:932 the chitosan/collagen-based composites 895:932 the chitosan/collagen-based composites 895:932 The CNTs in the chitosan/collagen-based composites promoted mouse fibroblast adhesion, producing a distinct cytoskeletal structure. 24052168 2 61 theme chitosan/collagen+CNTs 355:376 arg1 composite 344:352 a chitosan/collagen-based composite 318:352 a chitosan/collagen-based composite (chitosan/collagen+CNTs group) 318:383 Mouse fibroblasts were cultured on the surface of a novel material consisting of CNTs in a chitosan/collagen-based composite (chitosan/collagen+CNTs group). 24052168 2 61 theme chitosan/collagen+CNTs 355:376 arg1 group 378:382 chitosan/collagen+CNTs group 355:382 chitosan/collagen+CNTs group 355:382 Mouse fibroblasts were cultured on the surface of a novel material consisting of CNTs in a chitosan/collagen-based composite (chitosan/collagen+CNTs group). 24052168 2 62 theme novel 281:285 arg1 material 287:294 a novel material 279:294 a novel material consisting of CNTs in a chitosan/collagen-based composite (chitosan/collagen+CNTs group) 279:383 Mouse fibroblasts were cultured on the surface of a novel material consisting of CNTs in a chitosan/collagen-based composite (chitosan/collagen+CNTs group). 24052168 5 63 theme control 868:874 arg1 group 876:880 the blank control group 858:880 the blank control group 858:880 The doubling time (DT1) of cells was significantly shorter in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group than in the chitosan/collagen group, and that in the chitosan/collagen group was shorter than in the blank control group. 24052168 7 64 theme fibroblastic 1122:1133 arg1 morphology 1135:1144 typical fibroblastic morphology 1114:1144 typical fibroblastic morphology 1114:1144 At 24 h after culture, the cytoskeleton of the cells in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group displayed typical fibroblastic morphology, with clear microfilaments. 24052168 10 65 theme cells 1444:1448 arg1 apoptosis 1431:1439 early apoptosis 1425:1439 early apoptosis of cells 1425:1448 At 4 days after incubation, no early apoptosis of cells was detected in the blank control group, whereas early apoptosis of cells was observed in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs and chitosan/collagen groups. 24052168 9 66 theme control 1273:1279 arg1 group 1281:1285 The blank control group 1263:1285 The blank control group 1263:1285 The blank control group even had a few unattached cells. 24052168 14 67 theme early 1939:1943 arg1 apoptosis 1945:1953 early apoptosis 1939:1953 early apoptosis 1939:1953 There were significant differences in early apoptosis among the three groups. 24052168 8 68 theme unclear 1241:1247 arg1 cytoskeleton 1249:1260 an unclear cytoskeleton 1238:1260 an unclear cytoskeleton 1238:1260 Cells in the chitosan/collagen group were typically round, with an unclear cytoskeleton. 24052168 6 69 theme cytoskeletal 991:1002 arg1 structure 1004:1012 a distinct cytoskeletal structure 980:1012 a distinct cytoskeletal structure 980:1012 The CNTs in the chitosan/collagen-based composites promoted mouse fibroblast adhesion, producing a distinct cytoskeletal structure. 24052168 7 70 theme chitosan/collagen+CNTs 1075:1096 arg1 group 1098:1102 the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group 1071:1102 the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group 1071:1102 At 24 h after culture, the cytoskeleton of the cells in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group displayed typical fibroblastic morphology, with clear microfilaments. 24052168 17 71 theme fibroblast 2386:2395 arg1 proliferation 2397:2409 mouse fibroblast proliferation 2380:2409 mouse fibroblast proliferation 2380:2409 However, at relatively high cell densities, the CNTs in the chitosan/collagen-based composite might exert an inhibitory effect on mouse fibroblast proliferation by inducing apoptosis. 24052168 12 72 theme plateau 1639:1645 arg1 stage 1647:1651 the plateau stage 1635:1651 the plateau stage 1635:1651 After entering the plateau stage, the average cell number in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group was similar to that in the chitosan/collagen group and significantly smaller than that in the blank control group. 24052168 17 73 from CNTs 2298:2301 arg1 composite 2334:2342 the chitosan/collagen-based composite 2306:2342 the chitosan/collagen-based composite 2306:2342 However, at relatively high cell densities, the CNTs in the chitosan/collagen-based composite might exert an inhibitory effect on mouse fibroblast proliferation by inducing apoptosis. 24052168 5 74 theme cells 693:697 arg1 time 679:682 The doubling time 666:682 The doubling time (DT1) of cells 666:697 The doubling time (DT1) of cells was significantly shorter in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group than in the chitosan/collagen group, and that in the chitosan/collagen group was shorter than in the blank control group. 24052168 5 74 theme cells 693:697 arg1 shorter 717:723 shorter 717:723 shorter 717:723 The doubling time (DT1) of cells was significantly shorter in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group than in the chitosan/collagen group, and that in the chitosan/collagen group was shorter than in the blank control group. 24052168 5 74 theme cells 693:697 arg1 DT1 685:687 DT1 685:687 DT1 685:687 The doubling time (DT1) of cells was significantly shorter in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group than in the chitosan/collagen group, and that in the chitosan/collagen group was shorter than in the blank control group. 24052168 9 75 theme unattached 1302:1311 arg1 cells 1313:1317 a few unattached cells 1296:1317 a few unattached cells 1296:1317 The blank control group even had a few unattached cells. 24052168 1 76 theme in 135:136 arg1 cytocompatibility 144:160 the in vitro cytocompatibility 131:160 the in vitro cytocompatibility of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a chitosan/collagen-based composite 131:226 This study investigated the in vitro cytocompatibility of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a chitosan/collagen-based composite. 24052168 12 77 theme chitosan/collagen 1741:1757 arg1 group 1759:1763 the chitosan/collagen group 1737:1763 the chitosan/collagen group 1737:1763 After entering the plateau stage, the average cell number in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group was similar to that in the chitosan/collagen group and significantly smaller than that in the blank control group. 24052168 0 78 theme mouse 70:74 arg1 proliferation 92:104 mouse fibroblast cell proliferation 70:104 mouse fibroblast cell proliferation 70:104 Effects of carbon nanotubes in a chitosan/collagen-based composite on mouse fibroblast cell proliferation. 24052168 0 79 theme cell 87:90 arg1 proliferation 92:104 mouse fibroblast cell proliferation 70:104 mouse fibroblast cell proliferation 70:104 Effects of carbon nanotubes in a chitosan/collagen-based composite on mouse fibroblast cell proliferation. 24052168 12 80 theme average 1658:1664 arg1 number 1671:1676 the average cell number 1654:1676 the average cell number in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group 1654:1712 After entering the plateau stage, the average cell number in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group was similar to that in the chitosan/collagen group and significantly smaller than that in the blank control group. 24052168 12 80 theme average 1658:1664 arg1 similar 1718:1724 similar 1718:1724 similar 1718:1724 After entering the plateau stage, the average cell number in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group was similar to that in the chitosan/collagen group and significantly smaller than that in the blank control group. 24052168 1 81 theme carbon 165:170 arg1 CNTs 183:186 CNTs 183:186 CNTs 183:186 This study investigated the in vitro cytocompatibility of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a chitosan/collagen-based composite. 24052168 1 81 theme carbon 165:170 arg1 nanotubes 172:180 carbon nanotubes 165:180 carbon nanotubes (CNTs) 165:187 This study investigated the in vitro cytocompatibility of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a chitosan/collagen-based composite. 24052168 8 82 from Cells 1174:1178 arg1 group 1205:1209 the chitosan/collagen group 1183:1209 the chitosan/collagen group 1183:1209 Cells in the chitosan/collagen group were typically round, with an unclear cytoskeleton. 24052168 5 83 theme chitosan/collagen+CNTs 732:753 arg1 group 755:759 the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group 728:759 the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group 728:759 The doubling time (DT1) of cells was significantly shorter in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group than in the chitosan/collagen group, and that in the chitosan/collagen group was shorter than in the blank control group. 24052168 3 84 theme Chitosan/collagen 386:402 arg1 composites 404:413 Chitosan/collagen composites 386:413 Chitosan/collagen composites without CNTs 386:426 Chitosan/collagen composites without CNTs served as the control material (chitosan/collagen group) and cells cultured normally in tissue culture plates served as blank controls (blank control group). 24052168 3 84 theme Chitosan/collagen 386:402 arg1 material 450:457 the control material 438:457 the control material (chitosan/collagen group) 438:483 Chitosan/collagen composites without CNTs served as the control material (chitosan/collagen group) and cells cultured normally in tissue culture plates served as blank controls (blank control group). 24052168 0 85 from composite 57:65 arg1 proliferation 92:104 mouse fibroblast cell proliferation 70:104 mouse fibroblast cell proliferation 70:104 Effects of carbon nanotubes in a chitosan/collagen-based composite on mouse fibroblast cell proliferation. 24052168 16 86 theme early 2160:2164 arg1 adhesion 2166:2173 early adhesion 2160:2173 early adhesion 2160:2173 Compared with chitosan/collagen composites, early adhesion and proliferation of fibroblasts were increased on chitosan/collagen+CNTs. 24052168 17 87 theme high 2273:2276 arg1 densities 2283:2291 relatively high cell densities 2262:2291 relatively high cell densities 2262:2291 However, at relatively high cell densities, the CNTs in the chitosan/collagen-based composite might exert an inhibitory effect on mouse fibroblast proliferation by inducing apoptosis. 24052168 2 88 theme chitosan/collagen-based 320:342 arg1 composite 344:352 a chitosan/collagen-based composite 318:352 a chitosan/collagen-based composite (chitosan/collagen+CNTs group) 318:383 Mouse fibroblasts were cultured on the surface of a novel material consisting of CNTs in a chitosan/collagen-based composite (chitosan/collagen+CNTs group). 24052168 2 88 theme chitosan/collagen-based 320:342 arg1 group 378:382 chitosan/collagen+CNTs group 355:382 chitosan/collagen+CNTs group 355:382 Mouse fibroblasts were cultured on the surface of a novel material consisting of CNTs in a chitosan/collagen-based composite (chitosan/collagen+CNTs group). 24052168 12 89 theme chitosan/collagen+CNTs 1685:1706 arg1 group 1708:1712 the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group 1681:1712 the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group 1681:1712 After entering the plateau stage, the average cell number in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group was similar to that in the chitosan/collagen group and significantly smaller than that in the blank control group. 24052168 17 90 theme inhibitory 2359:2368 arg1 effect 2370:2375 an inhibitory effect 2356:2375 an inhibitory effect 2356:2375 However, at relatively high cell densities, the CNTs in the chitosan/collagen-based composite might exert an inhibitory effect on mouse fibroblast proliferation by inducing apoptosis. 24052168 5 91 theme chitosan/collagen 814:830 arg1 group 832:836 the chitosan/collagen group 810:836 the chitosan/collagen group 810:836 The doubling time (DT1) of cells was significantly shorter in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group than in the chitosan/collagen group, and that in the chitosan/collagen group was shorter than in the blank control group. 24052168 15 92 theme mouse 2097:2101 arg1 fibroblasts 2103:2113 mouse fibroblasts 2097:2113 mouse fibroblasts 2097:2113 These results suggest that CNTs in a chitosan/collagen-based composite did not cause significant cytotoxic effects on mouse fibroblasts. 24052168 13 93 theme control 1867:1873 arg1 group 1875:1879 the blank control group 1857:1879 the blank control group 1857:1879 Early apoptosis of cells in the blank control group was not detectable. 24052168 3 94 theme chitosan/collagen 460:476 arg1 group 478:482 chitosan/collagen group 460:482 chitosan/collagen group 460:482 Chitosan/collagen composites without CNTs served as the control material (chitosan/collagen group) and cells cultured normally in tissue culture plates served as blank controls (blank control group). 24052168 3 94 theme chitosan/collagen 460:476 arg1 material 450:457 the control material 438:457 the control material (chitosan/collagen group) 438:483 Chitosan/collagen composites without CNTs served as the control material (chitosan/collagen group) and cells cultured normally in tissue culture plates served as blank controls (blank control group). 24052168 11 95 from difference 1538:1547 arg1 proportion 1556:1565 the proportion 1552:1565 the proportion of living cells 1552:1581 No significant difference in the proportion of living cells was detected among the three groups. 24052168 12 96 theme cell 1666:1669 arg1 number 1671:1676 the average cell number 1654:1676 the average cell number in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group 1654:1712 After entering the plateau stage, the average cell number in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group was similar to that in the chitosan/collagen group and significantly smaller than that in the blank control group. 24052168 12 96 theme cell 1666:1669 arg1 similar 1718:1724 similar 1718:1724 similar 1718:1724 After entering the plateau stage, the average cell number in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group was similar to that in the chitosan/collagen group and significantly smaller than that in the blank control group. 24052168 15 97 theme cytotoxic 2076:2084 arg1 effects 2086:2092 significant cytotoxic effects 2064:2092 significant cytotoxic effects on mouse fibroblasts 2064:2113 These results suggest that CNTs in a chitosan/collagen-based composite did not cause significant cytotoxic effects on mouse fibroblasts. 24052168 7 98 from cytoskeleton 1042:1053 arg1 group 1098:1102 the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group 1071:1102 the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group 1071:1102 At 24 h after culture, the cytoskeleton of the cells in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs group displayed typical fibroblastic morphology, with clear microfilaments. 24052168 10 99 theme cells 1370:1374 arg1 apoptosis 1357:1365 no early apoptosis 1348:1365 no early apoptosis of cells 1348:1374 At 4 days after incubation, no early apoptosis of cells was detected in the blank control group, whereas early apoptosis of cells was observed in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs and chitosan/collagen groups. 24052168 15 100 theme chitosan/collagen-based 2016:2038 arg1 composite 2040:2048 a chitosan/collagen-based composite 2014:2048 a chitosan/collagen-based composite 2014:2048 These results suggest that CNTs in a chitosan/collagen-based composite did not cause significant cytotoxic effects on mouse fibroblasts. 24052168 10 101 theme control 1402:1408 arg1 group 1410:1414 the blank control group 1392:1414 the blank control group 1392:1414 At 4 days after incubation, no early apoptosis of cells was detected in the blank control group, whereas early apoptosis of cells was observed in the chitosan/collagen+CNTs and chitosan/collagen groups. 24052168 3 102 theme tissue 516:521 arg1 plates 531:536 tissue culture plates 516:536 tissue culture plates 516:536 Chitosan/collagen composites without CNTs served as the control material (chitosan/collagen group) and cells cultured normally in tissue culture plates served as blank controls (blank control group). 24052168 14 103 theme significant 1912:1922 arg1 differences 1924:1934 significant differences 1912:1934 significant differences in early apoptosis among the three groups 1912:1976 There were significant differences in early apoptosis among the three groups. 26478568 3 0 theme scaffolds 706:714 arg1 deformation 685:695 compressive deformation 673:695 compressive deformation of Ch-Al scaffolds, both of which make Ch-Al an attractive composite for reproducing articular cartilage's resistance to and resiliency under compression 673:849 This study examines the compressive elastic modulus of many Ch-Al scaffold formulations and crosslinking conditions, and also the strain recovery after compressive deformation of Ch-Al scaffolds, both of which make Ch-Al an attractive composite for reproducing articular cartilage's resistance to and resiliency under compression. 26478568 2 1 theme factor 368:373 arg1 kinetics 388:395 growth factor (GF) release kinetics 361:395 growth factor (GF) release kinetics 361:395 Yet, the biomechanical properties and growth factor (GF) release kinetics of Ch-Al, which are important in controlling the microenvironment during tissue regeneration, have not been fully explored. 26478568 6 2 theme homogeneous 1481:1491 arg1 deposition 1500:1509 homogeneous matrix deposition 1481:1509 homogeneous matrix deposition 1481:1509 Expedited cartilaginous matrix synthesis on Ch-Al with low dose TGF-β1 release is evaluated, with Ch-Al supporting homogeneous matrix deposition and lacunae formation as early as 3 weeks due to Ch-Al's maintenance of GF bioactivity and sustained GF delivery. 26478568 4 3 theme matrix 910:915 arg1 production 917:926 in vitro cartilaginous matrix production 887:926 in vitro cartilaginous matrix production 887:926 Cell viability, proliferation, and in vitro cartilaginous matrix production (collagen type II, glycosaminoglycans, aggrecan) without supplemental GFs are also investigated, demonstrating the polymer blend's inherent chondrogenic properties. 26478568 1 4 used used 187:190 arg2 blends 170:175 Chitosan-alginate (Ch-Al) natural polysaccharide blends 121:175 Chitosan-alginate (Ch-Al) natural polysaccharide blends 121:175 Chitosan-alginate (Ch-Al) natural polysaccharide blends have been used for wound healing, tissue engineering, and drug delivery due to their ability to form pH-dependent ionic chain-chain interactions. 26478568 3 5 theme elastic 557:563 arg1 modulus 565:571 the compressive elastic modulus 541:571 the compressive elastic modulus of many Ch-Al scaffold formulations and crosslinking conditions 541:635 This study examines the compressive elastic modulus of many Ch-Al scaffold formulations and crosslinking conditions, and also the strain recovery after compressive deformation of Ch-Al scaffolds, both of which make Ch-Al an attractive composite for reproducing articular cartilage's resistance to and resiliency under compression. 26478568 5 6 theme model 1243:1247 arg1 BSA 1258:1260 BSA 1258:1260 BSA 1258:1260 Additionally, this study explores the ability of Ch-Al chain functional groups to control and extend GF delivery and minimize GF burst release, using model proteins BSA and histone at high loading dose and chondrogenic protein TGF-β1 at low loading dose in complete media. 26478568 5 6 theme model 1243:1247 arg1 proteins 1249:1256 model proteins BSA and histone 1243:1272 model proteins BSA and histone 1243:1272 Additionally, this study explores the ability of Ch-Al chain functional groups to control and extend GF delivery and minimize GF burst release, using model proteins BSA and histone at high loading dose and chondrogenic protein TGF-β1 at low loading dose in complete media. 26478568 5 6 theme model 1243:1247 arg1 histone 1266:1272 histone 1266:1272 histone 1266:1272 Additionally, this study explores the ability of Ch-Al chain functional groups to control and extend GF delivery and minimize GF burst release, using model proteins BSA and histone at high loading dose and chondrogenic protein TGF-β1 at low loading dose in complete media. 26478568 9 7 dep Res 1881:1883 arg1 272-282 1914:1920 272-282 1914:1920 272-282 1914:1920 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 272-282, 2017. 26478568 9 7 dep Res 1881:1883 arg1 105B 1908:1911 105B 1908:1911 105B 1908:1911 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 272-282, 2017. 26478568 9 7 dep Res 1881:1883 arg1 B 1890:1890 Part B 1885:1890 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 272-282, 2017. 1866:1927 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 272-282, 2017. 26478568 9 7 dep Res 1881:1883 arg1 Biomater 1898:1905 Biomater 1898:1905 Biomater 1898:1905 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 272-282, 2017. 26478568 1 8 theme wound 196:200 arg1 healing 202:208 wound healing 196:208 wound healing 196:208 Chitosan-alginate (Ch-Al) natural polysaccharide blends have been used for wound healing, tissue engineering, and drug delivery due to their ability to form pH-dependent ionic chain-chain interactions. 26478568 7 9 theme cartilage 1811:1819 arg1 regeneration 1821:1832 cartilage regeneration 1811:1832 cartilage regeneration 1811:1832 These results illustrate the potential to focus the formulational range of Ch-Al to provide enhanced mechanical performance and controlled, bioactive GF release to cooperatively promote cartilage regeneration. 26478568 3 10 theme Ch-Al 581:585 arg1 formulations 596:607 many Ch-Al scaffold formulations 576:607 many Ch-Al scaffold formulations 576:607 This study examines the compressive elastic modulus of many Ch-Al scaffold formulations and crosslinking conditions, and also the strain recovery after compressive deformation of Ch-Al scaffolds, both of which make Ch-Al an attractive composite for reproducing articular cartilage's resistance to and resiliency under compression. 26478568 3 11 theme attractive 745:754 arg1 composite 756:764 an attractive composite 742:764 an attractive composite for reproducing articular cartilage's resistance to and resiliency under compression 742:849 This study examines the compressive elastic modulus of many Ch-Al scaffold formulations and crosslinking conditions, and also the strain recovery after compressive deformation of Ch-Al scaffolds, both of which make Ch-Al an attractive composite for reproducing articular cartilage's resistance to and resiliency under compression. 26478568 4 12 dep viability 857:865 arg1 aggrecan 967:974 aggrecan 967:974 aggrecan 967:974 Cell viability, proliferation, and in vitro cartilaginous matrix production (collagen type II, glycosaminoglycans, aggrecan) without supplemental GFs are also investigated, demonstrating the polymer blend's inherent chondrogenic properties. 26478568 4 12 dep viability 857:865 arg1 type 938:941 collagen type II 929:944 collagen type II 929:944 Cell viability, proliferation, and in vitro cartilaginous matrix production (collagen type II, glycosaminoglycans, aggrecan) without supplemental GFs are also investigated, demonstrating the polymer blend's inherent chondrogenic properties. 26478568 4 12 dep viability 857:865 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 947:964 glycosaminoglycans 947:964 glycosaminoglycans 947:964 Cell viability, proliferation, and in vitro cartilaginous matrix production (collagen type II, glycosaminoglycans, aggrecan) without supplemental GFs are also investigated, demonstrating the polymer blend's inherent chondrogenic properties. 26478568 3 13 theme crosslinking 613:624 arg1 conditions 626:635 crosslinking conditions 613:635 crosslinking conditions 613:635 This study examines the compressive elastic modulus of many Ch-Al scaffold formulations and crosslinking conditions, and also the strain recovery after compressive deformation of Ch-Al scaffolds, both of which make Ch-Al an attractive composite for reproducing articular cartilage's resistance to and resiliency under compression. 26478568 6 14 with Ch-Al 1410:1414 arg1 dose 1425:1428 low dose 1421:1428 low dose 1421:1428 Expedited cartilaginous matrix synthesis on Ch-Al with low dose TGF-β1 release is evaluated, with Ch-Al supporting homogeneous matrix deposition and lacunae formation as early as 3 weeks due to Ch-Al's maintenance of GF bioactivity and sustained GF delivery. 26478568 3 15 theme articular 782:790 arg1 cartilage 792:800 articular cartilage 782:800 articular cartilage's resistance to 782:816 This study examines the compressive elastic modulus of many Ch-Al scaffold formulations and crosslinking conditions, and also the strain recovery after compressive deformation of Ch-Al scaffolds, both of which make Ch-Al an attractive composite for reproducing articular cartilage's resistance to and resiliency under compression. 26478568 3 16 theme formulations 596:607 arg1 modulus 565:571 the compressive elastic modulus 541:571 the compressive elastic modulus of many Ch-Al scaffold formulations and crosslinking conditions 541:635 This study examines the compressive elastic modulus of many Ch-Al scaffold formulations and crosslinking conditions, and also the strain recovery after compressive deformation of Ch-Al scaffolds, both of which make Ch-Al an attractive composite for reproducing articular cartilage's resistance to and resiliency under compression. 26478568 6 17 theme sustained 1602:1610 arg1 delivery 1615:1622 early as 3 weeks due to Ch-Al's maintenance of GF bioactivity and sustained GF delivery 1536:1622 early as 3 weeks due to Ch-Al's maintenance of GF bioactivity and sustained GF delivery 1536:1622 Expedited cartilaginous matrix synthesis on Ch-Al with low dose TGF-β1 release is evaluated, with Ch-Al supporting homogeneous matrix deposition and lacunae formation as early as 3 weeks due to Ch-Al's maintenance of GF bioactivity and sustained GF delivery. 26478568 7 18 theme GF 1775:1776 arg1 release 1778:1784 controlled, bioactive GF release 1753:1784 controlled, bioactive GF release 1753:1784 These results illustrate the potential to focus the formulational range of Ch-Al to provide enhanced mechanical performance and controlled, bioactive GF release to cooperatively promote cartilage regeneration. 26478568 0 19 dep factor 85:90 arg1 delivery 92:99 delivery 92:99 delivery 92:99 Biological and mechanical characterization of chitosan-alginate scaffolds for growth factor delivery and chondrogenesis. 26478568 6 20 theme bioactivity 1586:1596 arg1 maintenance 1568:1578 Ch-Al's maintenance 1560:1578 Ch-Al's maintenance of GF bioactivity 1560:1596 Expedited cartilaginous matrix synthesis on Ch-Al with low dose TGF-β1 release is evaluated, with Ch-Al supporting homogeneous matrix deposition and lacunae formation as early as 3 weeks due to Ch-Al's maintenance of GF bioactivity and sustained GF delivery. 26478568 1 21 theme polysaccharide 155:168 arg1 blends 170:175 Chitosan-alginate (Ch-Al) natural polysaccharide blends 121:175 Chitosan-alginate (Ch-Al) natural polysaccharide blends 121:175 Chitosan-alginate (Ch-Al) natural polysaccharide blends have been used for wound healing, tissue engineering, and drug delivery due to their ability to form pH-dependent ionic chain-chain interactions. 26478568 5 22 theme chondrogenic 1299:1310 arg1 TGF-β1 1320:1325 chondrogenic protein TGF-β1 1299:1325 chondrogenic protein TGF-β1 1299:1325 Additionally, this study explores the ability of Ch-Al chain functional groups to control and extend GF delivery and minimize GF burst release, using model proteins BSA and histone at high loading dose and chondrogenic protein TGF-β1 at low loading dose in complete media. 26478568 0 23 theme growth 78:83 arg1 factor 85:90 growth factor delivery and chondrogenesis 78:118 factor 85:90 Biological and mechanical characterization of chitosan-alginate scaffolds for growth factor delivery and chondrogenesis. 26478568 5 24 theme functional 1154:1163 arg1 groups 1165:1170 Ch-Al chain functional groups 1142:1170 Ch-Al chain functional groups 1142:1170 Additionally, this study explores the ability of Ch-Al chain functional groups to control and extend GF delivery and minimize GF burst release, using model proteins BSA and histone at high loading dose and chondrogenic protein TGF-β1 at low loading dose in complete media. 26478568 1 25 theme chain-chain 297:307 arg1 interactions 309:320 pH-dependent ionic chain-chain interactions 278:320 pH-dependent ionic chain-chain interactions 278:320 Chitosan-alginate (Ch-Al) natural polysaccharide blends have been used for wound healing, tissue engineering, and drug delivery due to their ability to form pH-dependent ionic chain-chain interactions. 26478568 5 26 theme high 1277:1280 arg1 dose 1290:1293 high loading dose 1277:1293 high loading dose 1277:1293 Additionally, this study explores the ability of Ch-Al chain functional groups to control and extend GF delivery and minimize GF burst release, using model proteins BSA and histone at high loading dose and chondrogenic protein TGF-β1 at low loading dose in complete media. 26478568 7 27 theme mechanical 1726:1735 arg1 performance 1737:1747 enhanced mechanical performance 1717:1747 enhanced mechanical performance 1717:1747 These results illustrate the potential to focus the formulational range of Ch-Al to provide enhanced mechanical performance and controlled, bioactive GF release to cooperatively promote cartilage regeneration. 26478568 6 28 theme matrix 1390:1395 arg1 synthesis 1397:1405 Expedited cartilaginous matrix synthesis 1366:1405 Expedited cartilaginous matrix synthesis on Ch-Al with low dose TGF-β1 release 1366:1443 Expedited cartilaginous matrix synthesis on Ch-Al with low dose TGF-β1 release is evaluated, with Ch-Al supporting homogeneous matrix deposition and lacunae formation as early as 3 weeks due to Ch-Al's maintenance of GF bioactivity and sustained GF delivery. 26478568 4 29 theme supplemental 985:996 arg1 GFs 998:1000 supplemental GFs 985:1000 supplemental GFs 985:1000 Cell viability, proliferation, and in vitro cartilaginous matrix production (collagen type II, glycosaminoglycans, aggrecan) without supplemental GFs are also investigated, demonstrating the polymer blend's inherent chondrogenic properties. 26478568 5 30 theme complete 1350:1357 arg1 media 1359:1363 complete media 1350:1363 complete media 1350:1363 Additionally, this study explores the ability of Ch-Al chain functional groups to control and extend GF delivery and minimize GF burst release, using model proteins BSA and histone at high loading dose and chondrogenic protein TGF-β1 at low loading dose in complete media. 26478568 2 31 theme Ch-Al 400:404 arg1 properties 346:355 biomechanical properties 332:355 biomechanical properties 332:355 Yet, the biomechanical properties and growth factor (GF) release kinetics of Ch-Al, which are important in controlling the microenvironment during tissue regeneration, have not been fully explored. 26478568 2 31 theme Ch-Al 400:404 arg1 kinetics 388:395 growth factor (GF) release kinetics 361:395 growth factor (GF) release kinetics 361:395 Yet, the biomechanical properties and growth factor (GF) release kinetics of Ch-Al, which are important in controlling the microenvironment during tissue regeneration, have not been fully explored. 26478568 6 32 theme Expedited 1366:1374 arg1 synthesis 1397:1405 Expedited cartilaginous matrix synthesis 1366:1405 Expedited cartilaginous matrix synthesis on Ch-Al with low dose TGF-β1 release 1366:1443 Expedited cartilaginous matrix synthesis on Ch-Al with low dose TGF-β1 release is evaluated, with Ch-Al supporting homogeneous matrix deposition and lacunae formation as early as 3 weeks due to Ch-Al's maintenance of GF bioactivity and sustained GF delivery. 26478568 5 33 theme Ch-Al 1142:1146 arg1 groups 1165:1170 Ch-Al chain functional groups 1142:1170 Ch-Al chain functional groups 1142:1170 Additionally, this study explores the ability of Ch-Al chain functional groups to control and extend GF delivery and minimize GF burst release, using model proteins BSA and histone at high loading dose and chondrogenic protein TGF-β1 at low loading dose in complete media. 26478568 7 34 theme Ch-Al 1700:1704 arg1 range 1691:1695 the formulational range 1673:1695 the formulational range of Ch-Al 1673:1704 These results illustrate the potential to focus the formulational range of Ch-Al to provide enhanced mechanical performance and controlled, bioactive GF release to cooperatively promote cartilage regeneration. 26478568 2 35 dep properties 346:355 arg1 the 328:330 the 328:330 the 328:330 Yet, the biomechanical properties and growth factor (GF) release kinetics of Ch-Al, which are important in controlling the microenvironment during tissue regeneration, have not been fully explored. 26478568 0 36 theme Biological 0:9 arg1 characterization 26:41 Biological and mechanical characterization 0:41 Biological and mechanical characterization of chitosan-alginate scaffolds for growth factor delivery and chondrogenesis. 0:119 Biological and mechanical characterization of chitosan-alginate scaffolds for growth factor delivery and chondrogenesis. 26478568 1 37 theme pH-dependent 278:289 arg1 interactions 309:320 pH-dependent ionic chain-chain interactions 278:320 pH-dependent ionic chain-chain interactions 278:320 Chitosan-alginate (Ch-Al) natural polysaccharide blends have been used for wound healing, tissue engineering, and drug delivery due to their ability to form pH-dependent ionic chain-chain interactions. 26478568 4 38 theme chondrogenic 1068:1079 arg1 properties 1081:1090 the polymer blend's inherent chondrogenic properties 1039:1090 the polymer blend's inherent chondrogenic properties 1039:1090 Cell viability, proliferation, and in vitro cartilaginous matrix production (collagen type II, glycosaminoglycans, aggrecan) without supplemental GFs are also investigated, demonstrating the polymer blend's inherent chondrogenic properties. 26478568 7 39 dep controlled 1753:1762 arg1 bioactive 1765:1773 bioactive 1765:1773 bioactive 1765:1773 These results illustrate the potential to focus the formulational range of Ch-Al to provide enhanced mechanical performance and controlled, bioactive GF release to cooperatively promote cartilage regeneration. 26478568 5 40 theme low 1330:1332 arg1 dose 1342:1345 low loading dose 1330:1345 low loading dose in complete media 1330:1363 Additionally, this study explores the ability of Ch-Al chain functional groups to control and extend GF delivery and minimize GF burst release, using model proteins BSA and histone at high loading dose and chondrogenic protein TGF-β1 at low loading dose in complete media. 26478568 0 41 theme mechanical 15:24 arg1 characterization 26:41 Biological and mechanical characterization 0:41 Biological and mechanical characterization of chitosan-alginate scaffolds for growth factor delivery and chondrogenesis. 0:119 Biological and mechanical characterization of chitosan-alginate scaffolds for growth factor delivery and chondrogenesis. 26478568 5 42 theme GF 1219:1220 arg1 release 1228:1234 GF burst release 1219:1234 GF burst release 1219:1234 Additionally, this study explores the ability of Ch-Al chain functional groups to control and extend GF delivery and minimize GF burst release, using model proteins BSA and histone at high loading dose and chondrogenic protein TGF-β1 at low loading dose in complete media. 26478568 4 43 theme polymer 1043:1049 arg1 properties 1081:1090 the polymer blend's inherent chondrogenic properties 1039:1090 the polymer blend's inherent chondrogenic properties 1039:1090 Cell viability, proliferation, and in vitro cartilaginous matrix production (collagen type II, glycosaminoglycans, aggrecan) without supplemental GFs are also investigated, demonstrating the polymer blend's inherent chondrogenic properties. 26478568 3 44 theme strain 651:656 arg1 recovery 658:665 the strain recovery 647:665 the strain recovery after compressive deformation of Ch-Al scaffolds, both of which make Ch-Al an attractive composite for reproducing articular cartilage's resistance to and resiliency under compression 647:849 This study examines the compressive elastic modulus of many Ch-Al scaffold formulations and crosslinking conditions, and also the strain recovery after compressive deformation of Ch-Al scaffolds, both of which make Ch-Al an attractive composite for reproducing articular cartilage's resistance to and resiliency under compression. 26478568 2 45 theme growth 361:366 arg1 GF 376:377 GF 376:377 GF 376:377 Yet, the biomechanical properties and growth factor (GF) release kinetics of Ch-Al, which are important in controlling the microenvironment during tissue regeneration, have not been fully explored. 26478568 2 45 theme growth 361:366 arg1 factor 368:373 growth factor 361:373 growth factor (GF) release kinetics 361:395 Yet, the biomechanical properties and growth factor (GF) release kinetics of Ch-Al, which are important in controlling the microenvironment during tissue regeneration, have not been fully explored. 26478568 4 46 dep in 887:888 arg1 vitro 890:894 vitro 890:894 vitro 890:894 Cell viability, proliferation, and in vitro cartilaginous matrix production (collagen type II, glycosaminoglycans, aggrecan) without supplemental GFs are also investigated, demonstrating the polymer blend's inherent chondrogenic properties. 26478568 5 47 theme GF 1194:1195 arg1 delivery 1197:1204 GF delivery 1194:1204 GF delivery 1194:1204 Additionally, this study explores the ability of Ch-Al chain functional groups to control and extend GF delivery and minimize GF burst release, using model proteins BSA and histone at high loading dose and chondrogenic protein TGF-β1 at low loading dose in complete media. 26478568 9 48 theme Part 1885:1888 arg1 B 1890:1890 Part B 1885:1890 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 272-282, 2017. 1866:1927 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 272-282, 2017. 26478568 3 49 theme Ch-Al 700:704 arg1 scaffolds 706:714 Ch-Al scaffolds 700:714 Ch-Al scaffolds 700:714 This study examines the compressive elastic modulus of many Ch-Al scaffold formulations and crosslinking conditions, and also the strain recovery after compressive deformation of Ch-Al scaffolds, both of which make Ch-Al an attractive composite for reproducing articular cartilage's resistance to and resiliency under compression. 26478568 1 50 theme drug 235:238 arg1 delivery 240:247 drug delivery 235:247 drug delivery 235:247 Chitosan-alginate (Ch-Al) natural polysaccharide blends have been used for wound healing, tissue engineering, and drug delivery due to their ability to form pH-dependent ionic chain-chain interactions. 26478568 2 51 theme tissue 470:475 arg1 regeneration 477:488 tissue regeneration 470:488 tissue regeneration 470:488 Yet, the biomechanical properties and growth factor (GF) release kinetics of Ch-Al, which are important in controlling the microenvironment during tissue regeneration, have not been fully explored. 26478568 6 52 theme matrix 1493:1498 arg1 deposition 1500:1509 homogeneous matrix deposition 1481:1509 homogeneous matrix deposition 1481:1509 Expedited cartilaginous matrix synthesis on Ch-Al with low dose TGF-β1 release is evaluated, with Ch-Al supporting homogeneous matrix deposition and lacunae formation as early as 3 weeks due to Ch-Al's maintenance of GF bioactivity and sustained GF delivery. 26478568 4 53 theme in 887:888 arg1 production 917:926 in vitro cartilaginous matrix production 887:926 in vitro cartilaginous matrix production 887:926 Cell viability, proliferation, and in vitro cartilaginous matrix production (collagen type II, glycosaminoglycans, aggrecan) without supplemental GFs are also investigated, demonstrating the polymer blend's inherent chondrogenic properties. 26478568 3 54 theme compressive 545:555 arg1 modulus 565:571 the compressive elastic modulus 541:571 the compressive elastic modulus of many Ch-Al scaffold formulations and crosslinking conditions 541:635 This study examines the compressive elastic modulus of many Ch-Al scaffold formulations and crosslinking conditions, and also the strain recovery after compressive deformation of Ch-Al scaffolds, both of which make Ch-Al an attractive composite for reproducing articular cartilage's resistance to and resiliency under compression. 26478568 4 55 theme cartilaginous 896:908 arg1 production 917:926 in vitro cartilaginous matrix production 887:926 in vitro cartilaginous matrix production 887:926 Cell viability, proliferation, and in vitro cartilaginous matrix production (collagen type II, glycosaminoglycans, aggrecan) without supplemental GFs are also investigated, demonstrating the polymer blend's inherent chondrogenic properties. 26478568 6 56 theme Ch-Al 1560:1564 arg1 maintenance 1568:1578 Ch-Al's maintenance 1560:1578 Ch-Al's maintenance of GF bioactivity 1560:1596 Expedited cartilaginous matrix synthesis on Ch-Al with low dose TGF-β1 release is evaluated, with Ch-Al supporting homogeneous matrix deposition and lacunae formation as early as 3 weeks due to Ch-Al's maintenance of GF bioactivity and sustained GF delivery. 26478568 0 57 theme scaffolds 64:72 arg1 characterization 26:41 Biological and mechanical characterization 0:41 Biological and mechanical characterization of chitosan-alginate scaffolds for growth factor delivery and chondrogenesis. 0:119 Biological and mechanical characterization of chitosan-alginate scaffolds for growth factor delivery and chondrogenesis. 26478568 3 58 theme many 576:579 arg1 formulations 596:607 many Ch-Al scaffold formulations 576:607 many Ch-Al scaffold formulations 576:607 This study examines the compressive elastic modulus of many Ch-Al scaffold formulations and crosslinking conditions, and also the strain recovery after compressive deformation of Ch-Al scaffolds, both of which make Ch-Al an attractive composite for reproducing articular cartilage's resistance to and resiliency under compression. 26478568 6 59 theme due 1553:1555 arg1 weeks 1547:1551 3 weeks 1545:1551 3 weeks due to Ch-Al's maintenance of GF bioactivity 1545:1596 Expedited cartilaginous matrix synthesis on Ch-Al with low dose TGF-β1 release is evaluated, with Ch-Al supporting homogeneous matrix deposition and lacunae formation as early as 3 weeks due to Ch-Al's maintenance of GF bioactivity and sustained GF delivery. 26478568 1 60 theme tissue 211:216 arg1 engineering 218:228 tissue engineering 211:228 tissue engineering 211:228 Chitosan-alginate (Ch-Al) natural polysaccharide blends have been used for wound healing, tissue engineering, and drug delivery due to their ability to form pH-dependent ionic chain-chain interactions. 26478568 6 61 theme early 1536:1540 arg1 delivery 1615:1622 early as 3 weeks due to Ch-Al's maintenance of GF bioactivity and sustained GF delivery 1536:1622 early as 3 weeks due to Ch-Al's maintenance of GF bioactivity and sustained GF delivery 1536:1622 Expedited cartilaginous matrix synthesis on Ch-Al with low dose TGF-β1 release is evaluated, with Ch-Al supporting homogeneous matrix deposition and lacunae formation as early as 3 weeks due to Ch-Al's maintenance of GF bioactivity and sustained GF delivery. 26478568 5 62 dep proteins 1249:1256 arg1 BSA 1258:1260 BSA 1258:1260 BSA 1258:1260 Additionally, this study explores the ability of Ch-Al chain functional groups to control and extend GF delivery and minimize GF burst release, using model proteins BSA and histone at high loading dose and chondrogenic protein TGF-β1 at low loading dose in complete media. 26478568 5 62 dep proteins 1249:1256 arg1 proteins 1249:1256 model proteins BSA and histone 1243:1272 model proteins BSA and histone 1243:1272 Additionally, this study explores the ability of Ch-Al chain functional groups to control and extend GF delivery and minimize GF burst release, using model proteins BSA and histone at high loading dose and chondrogenic protein TGF-β1 at low loading dose in complete media. 26478568 5 62 dep proteins 1249:1256 arg1 histone 1266:1272 histone 1266:1272 histone 1266:1272 Additionally, this study explores the ability of Ch-Al chain functional groups to control and extend GF delivery and minimize GF burst release, using model proteins BSA and histone at high loading dose and chondrogenic protein TGF-β1 at low loading dose in complete media. 26478568 5 63 from dose 1342:1345 arg1 media 1359:1363 complete media 1350:1363 complete media 1350:1363 Additionally, this study explores the ability of Ch-Al chain functional groups to control and extend GF delivery and minimize GF burst release, using model proteins BSA and histone at high loading dose and chondrogenic protein TGF-β1 at low loading dose in complete media. 26478568 3 64 theme scaffold 587:594 arg1 formulations 596:607 many Ch-Al scaffold formulations 576:607 many Ch-Al scaffold formulations 576:607 This study examines the compressive elastic modulus of many Ch-Al scaffold formulations and crosslinking conditions, and also the strain recovery after compressive deformation of Ch-Al scaffolds, both of which make Ch-Al an attractive composite for reproducing articular cartilage's resistance to and resiliency under compression. 26478568 6 65 theme GF 1612:1613 arg1 delivery 1615:1622 early as 3 weeks due to Ch-Al's maintenance of GF bioactivity and sustained GF delivery 1536:1622 early as 3 weeks due to Ch-Al's maintenance of GF bioactivity and sustained GF delivery 1536:1622 Expedited cartilaginous matrix synthesis on Ch-Al with low dose TGF-β1 release is evaluated, with Ch-Al supporting homogeneous matrix deposition and lacunae formation as early as 3 weeks due to Ch-Al's maintenance of GF bioactivity and sustained GF delivery. 26478568 1 66 theme Ch-Al 140:144 arg1 blends 170:175 Chitosan-alginate (Ch-Al) natural polysaccharide blends 121:175 Chitosan-alginate (Ch-Al) natural polysaccharide blends 121:175 Chitosan-alginate (Ch-Al) natural polysaccharide blends have been used for wound healing, tissue engineering, and drug delivery due to their ability to form pH-dependent ionic chain-chain interactions. 26478568 1 67 theme natural 147:153 arg1 blends 170:175 Chitosan-alginate (Ch-Al) natural polysaccharide blends 121:175 Chitosan-alginate (Ch-Al) natural polysaccharide blends 121:175 Chitosan-alginate (Ch-Al) natural polysaccharide blends have been used for wound healing, tissue engineering, and drug delivery due to their ability to form pH-dependent ionic chain-chain interactions. 26478568 4 68 theme collagen 929:936 arg1 aggrecan 967:974 aggrecan 967:974 aggrecan 967:974 Cell viability, proliferation, and in vitro cartilaginous matrix production (collagen type II, glycosaminoglycans, aggrecan) without supplemental GFs are also investigated, demonstrating the polymer blend's inherent chondrogenic properties. 26478568 4 68 theme collagen 929:936 arg1 type 938:941 collagen type II 929:944 collagen type II 929:944 Cell viability, proliferation, and in vitro cartilaginous matrix production (collagen type II, glycosaminoglycans, aggrecan) without supplemental GFs are also investigated, demonstrating the polymer blend's inherent chondrogenic properties. 26478568 4 68 theme collagen 929:936 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 947:964 glycosaminoglycans 947:964 glycosaminoglycans 947:964 Cell viability, proliferation, and in vitro cartilaginous matrix production (collagen type II, glycosaminoglycans, aggrecan) without supplemental GFs are also investigated, demonstrating the polymer blend's inherent chondrogenic properties. 26478568 5 69 theme protein 1312:1318 arg1 TGF-β1 1320:1325 chondrogenic protein TGF-β1 1299:1325 chondrogenic protein TGF-β1 1299:1325 Additionally, this study explores the ability of Ch-Al chain functional groups to control and extend GF delivery and minimize GF burst release, using model proteins BSA and histone at high loading dose and chondrogenic protein TGF-β1 at low loading dose in complete media. 26478568 6 70 theme low 1421:1423 arg1 dose 1425:1428 low dose 1421:1428 low dose 1421:1428 Expedited cartilaginous matrix synthesis on Ch-Al with low dose TGF-β1 release is evaluated, with Ch-Al supporting homogeneous matrix deposition and lacunae formation as early as 3 weeks due to Ch-Al's maintenance of GF bioactivity and sustained GF delivery. 26478568 3 71 theme conditions 626:635 arg1 modulus 565:571 the compressive elastic modulus 541:571 the compressive elastic modulus of many Ch-Al scaffold formulations and crosslinking conditions 541:635 This study examines the compressive elastic modulus of many Ch-Al scaffold formulations and crosslinking conditions, and also the strain recovery after compressive deformation of Ch-Al scaffolds, both of which make Ch-Al an attractive composite for reproducing articular cartilage's resistance to and resiliency under compression. 26478568 6 72 theme GF 1583:1584 arg1 bioactivity 1586:1596 GF bioactivity 1583:1596 GF bioactivity 1583:1596 Expedited cartilaginous matrix synthesis on Ch-Al with low dose TGF-β1 release is evaluated, with Ch-Al supporting homogeneous matrix deposition and lacunae formation as early as 3 weeks due to Ch-Al's maintenance of GF bioactivity and sustained GF delivery. 26478568 6 73 theme Ch-Al 1410:1414 arg1 release 1437:1443 Ch-Al with low dose TGF-β1 release 1410:1443 Ch-Al with low dose TGF-β1 release 1410:1443 Expedited cartilaginous matrix synthesis on Ch-Al with low dose TGF-β1 release is evaluated, with Ch-Al supporting homogeneous matrix deposition and lacunae formation as early as 3 weeks due to Ch-Al's maintenance of GF bioactivity and sustained GF delivery. 26478568 5 74 theme groups 1165:1170 arg1 ability 1131:1137 the ability 1127:1137 the ability of Ch-Al chain functional groups to control and extend GF delivery and minimize GF burst release, using model proteins BSA and histone at high loading dose and chondrogenic protein TGF-β1 at low loading dose in complete media 1127:1363 Additionally, this study explores the ability of Ch-Al chain functional groups to control and extend GF delivery and minimize GF burst release, using model proteins BSA and histone at high loading dose and chondrogenic protein TGF-β1 at low loading dose in complete media. 26478568 7 75 theme controlled 1753:1762 arg1 release 1778:1784 controlled, bioactive GF release 1753:1784 controlled, bioactive GF release 1753:1784 These results illustrate the potential to focus the formulational range of Ch-Al to provide enhanced mechanical performance and controlled, bioactive GF release to cooperatively promote cartilage regeneration. 26478568 5 76 theme loading 1282:1288 arg1 dose 1290:1293 high loading dose 1277:1293 high loading dose 1277:1293 Additionally, this study explores the ability of Ch-Al chain functional groups to control and extend GF delivery and minimize GF burst release, using model proteins BSA and histone at high loading dose and chondrogenic protein TGF-β1 at low loading dose in complete media. 26478568 6 77 theme cartilaginous 1376:1388 arg1 synthesis 1397:1405 Expedited cartilaginous matrix synthesis 1366:1405 Expedited cartilaginous matrix synthesis on Ch-Al with low dose TGF-β1 release 1366:1443 Expedited cartilaginous matrix synthesis on Ch-Al with low dose TGF-β1 release is evaluated, with Ch-Al supporting homogeneous matrix deposition and lacunae formation as early as 3 weeks due to Ch-Al's maintenance of GF bioactivity and sustained GF delivery. 26478568 7 78 theme enhanced 1717:1724 arg1 performance 1737:1747 enhanced mechanical performance 1717:1747 enhanced mechanical performance 1717:1747 These results illustrate the potential to focus the formulational range of Ch-Al to provide enhanced mechanical performance and controlled, bioactive GF release to cooperatively promote cartilage regeneration. 26478568 5 79 theme chain 1148:1152 arg1 groups 1165:1170 Ch-Al chain functional groups 1142:1170 Ch-Al chain functional groups 1142:1170 Additionally, this study explores the ability of Ch-Al chain functional groups to control and extend GF delivery and minimize GF burst release, using model proteins BSA and histone at high loading dose and chondrogenic protein TGF-β1 at low loading dose in complete media. 26478568 2 80 theme release 380:386 arg1 kinetics 388:395 growth factor (GF) release kinetics 361:395 growth factor (GF) release kinetics 361:395 Yet, the biomechanical properties and growth factor (GF) release kinetics of Ch-Al, which are important in controlling the microenvironment during tissue regeneration, have not been fully explored. 26478568 1 81 theme ionic 291:295 arg1 interactions 309:320 pH-dependent ionic chain-chain interactions 278:320 pH-dependent ionic chain-chain interactions 278:320 Chitosan-alginate (Ch-Al) natural polysaccharide blends have been used for wound healing, tissue engineering, and drug delivery due to their ability to form pH-dependent ionic chain-chain interactions. 26478568 1 82 theme Chitosan-alginate 121:137 arg1 blends 170:175 Chitosan-alginate (Ch-Al) natural polysaccharide blends 121:175 Chitosan-alginate (Ch-Al) natural polysaccharide blends 121:175 Chitosan-alginate (Ch-Al) natural polysaccharide blends have been used for wound healing, tissue engineering, and drug delivery due to their ability to form pH-dependent ionic chain-chain interactions. 26478568 4 83 theme inherent 1059:1066 arg1 properties 1081:1090 the polymer blend's inherent chondrogenic properties 1039:1090 the polymer blend's inherent chondrogenic properties 1039:1090 Cell viability, proliferation, and in vitro cartilaginous matrix production (collagen type II, glycosaminoglycans, aggrecan) without supplemental GFs are also investigated, demonstrating the polymer blend's inherent chondrogenic properties. 26478568 5 84 theme loading 1334:1340 arg1 dose 1342:1345 low loading dose 1330:1345 low loading dose in complete media 1330:1363 Additionally, this study explores the ability of Ch-Al chain functional groups to control and extend GF delivery and minimize GF burst release, using model proteins BSA and histone at high loading dose and chondrogenic protein TGF-β1 at low loading dose in complete media. 26478568 0 85 theme chitosan-alginate 46:62 arg1 scaffolds 64:72 chitosan-alginate scaffolds 46:72 chitosan-alginate scaffolds for growth factor delivery and chondrogenesis 46:118 Biological and mechanical characterization of chitosan-alginate scaffolds for growth factor delivery and chondrogenesis. 26478568 5 86 theme burst 1222:1226 arg1 release 1228:1234 GF burst release 1219:1234 GF burst release 1219:1234 Additionally, this study explores the ability of Ch-Al chain functional groups to control and extend GF delivery and minimize GF burst release, using model proteins BSA and histone at high loading dose and chondrogenic protein TGF-β1 at low loading dose in complete media. 26478568 7 87 theme formulational 1677:1689 arg1 range 1691:1695 the formulational range 1673:1695 the formulational range of Ch-Al 1673:1704 These results illustrate the potential to focus the formulational range of Ch-Al to provide enhanced mechanical performance and controlled, bioactive GF release to cooperatively promote cartilage regeneration. 26478568 6 88 theme TGF-β1 1430:1435 arg1 release 1437:1443 Ch-Al with low dose TGF-β1 release 1410:1443 Ch-Al with low dose TGF-β1 release 1410:1443 Expedited cartilaginous matrix synthesis on Ch-Al with low dose TGF-β1 release is evaluated, with Ch-Al supporting homogeneous matrix deposition and lacunae formation as early as 3 weeks due to Ch-Al's maintenance of GF bioactivity and sustained GF delivery. 26478568 6 89 from synthesis 1397:1405 arg1 release 1437:1443 Ch-Al with low dose TGF-β1 release 1410:1443 Ch-Al with low dose TGF-β1 release 1410:1443 Expedited cartilaginous matrix synthesis on Ch-Al with low dose TGF-β1 release is evaluated, with Ch-Al supporting homogeneous matrix deposition and lacunae formation as early as 3 weeks due to Ch-Al's maintenance of GF bioactivity and sustained GF delivery. 26478568 4 90 theme Cell 852:855 arg1 viability 857:865 Cell viability 852:865 Cell viability 852:865 Cell viability, proliferation, and in vitro cartilaginous matrix production (collagen type II, glycosaminoglycans, aggrecan) without supplemental GFs are also investigated, demonstrating the polymer blend's inherent chondrogenic properties. 26478568 8 91 dep © 1835:1835 arg1 Inc. 1861:1864 Inc. 1861:1864 Inc. 1861:1864 © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 26478568 3 92 theme compressive 673:683 arg1 deformation 685:695 compressive deformation 673:695 compressive deformation of Ch-Al scaffolds, both of which make Ch-Al an attractive composite for reproducing articular cartilage's resistance to and resiliency under compression 673:849 This study examines the compressive elastic modulus of many Ch-Al scaffold formulations and crosslinking conditions, and also the strain recovery after compressive deformation of Ch-Al scaffolds, both of which make Ch-Al an attractive composite for reproducing articular cartilage's resistance to and resiliency under compression. 26478568 2 93 theme biomechanical 332:344 arg1 properties 346:355 biomechanical properties 332:355 biomechanical properties 332:355 Yet, the biomechanical properties and growth factor (GF) release kinetics of Ch-Al, which are important in controlling the microenvironment during tissue regeneration, have not been fully explored. 26478568 6 94 theme lacunae 1515:1521 arg1 formation 1523:1531 lacunae formation 1515:1531 lacunae formation 1515:1531 Expedited cartilaginous matrix synthesis on Ch-Al with low dose TGF-β1 release is evaluated, with Ch-Al supporting homogeneous matrix deposition and lacunae formation as early as 3 weeks due to Ch-Al's maintenance of GF bioactivity and sustained GF delivery. 25347002 1 0 theme relative 306:313 arg1 humidity 315:322 different relative humidity 296:322 different relative humidity 296:322 A highly hydrophobic and oleophilic chitin sponge was synthesized, for the first time, via a freeze-dried method and then by using a thermal chemical vapor deposition of methyltrichlorosilane (MTCS) at different relative humidity. 25347002 4 1 theme chitin 843:848 arg1 sponges 850:856 the hydrophobic chitin sponges 827:856 the hydrophobic chitin sponges 827:856 Cyclic compression test indicated that the hydrophobic chitin sponges exhibited excellent elasticity and high mechanical durability. 25347002 2 2 theme infrared 343:350 arg1 spectra 377:383 Fourier-transform infrared, energy-dispersive X-ray spectra 325:383 spectra 377:383 Fourier-transform infrared, energy-dispersive X-ray spectra, and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the silanization occurred on the pore wall surface of the chitin sponge. 25347002 3 3 theme high 698:701 arg1 hydrophobicity 703:716 the high hydrophobicity 694:716 the high hydrophobicity 694:716 The MTCS-coated chitin sponge had interconnected open-cell structures with the average pore size from 20 to 50 μm, and the MTCS nanofilaments immobilized on the chitin matrix, leading to the high hydrophobicity, as a result of the existence of a solid/air composite rough surface. 25347002 3 4 dep nanofilaments 635:647 arg1 immobilized 649:659 immobilized 649:659 immobilized on the chitin matrix 649:680 The MTCS-coated chitin sponge had interconnected open-cell structures with the average pore size from 20 to 50 μm, and the MTCS nanofilaments immobilized on the chitin matrix, leading to the high hydrophobicity, as a result of the existence of a solid/air composite rough surface. 25347002 7 5 theme new 1348:1350 arg1 pathway 1352:1358 a new pathway 1346:1358 a new pathway to prepare the chitin-based materials for highly effective removal of oil from water 1346:1443 This work provided a new pathway to prepare the chitin-based materials for highly effective removal of oil from water, showing potential application in the pollutant remediation field. 25347002 0 6 from modification 12:23 arg1 surface 28:34 surface 28:34 surface of chitin sponges 28:52 Hydrophobic modification on surface of chitin sponges for highly effective separation of oil. 25347002 4 7 theme hydrophobic 831:841 arg1 sponges 850:856 the hydrophobic chitin sponges 827:856 the hydrophobic chitin sponges 827:856 Cyclic compression test indicated that the hydrophobic chitin sponges exhibited excellent elasticity and high mechanical durability. 25347002 2 8 theme Fourier-transform 325:341 arg1 spectra 377:383 Fourier-transform infrared, energy-dispersive X-ray spectra 325:383 spectra 377:383 Fourier-transform infrared, energy-dispersive X-ray spectra, and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the silanization occurred on the pore wall surface of the chitin sponge. 25347002 5 9 theme wettability 1124:1134 arg1 combination 1094:1104 the combination 1090:1104 the combination of the particular wettability and great porosity 1090:1153 The sponges could efficiently collect organics both on the surface and bottom from the water with the highest 58 times of their own weight absorption capacities through the combination of the particular wettability and great porosity. 25347002 4 10 theme compression 795:805 arg1 test 807:810 Cyclic compression test 788:810 Cyclic compression test 788:810 Cyclic compression test indicated that the hydrophobic chitin sponges exhibited excellent elasticity and high mechanical durability. 25347002 5 11 theme organics 959:966 arg1 capacities 1071:1080 organics both on the surface and bottom from the water with the highest 58 times of their own weight absorption capacities 959:1080 organics both on the surface and bottom from the water with the highest 58 times of their own weight absorption capacities 959:1080 The sponges could efficiently collect organics both on the surface and bottom from the water with the highest 58 times of their own weight absorption capacities through the combination of the particular wettability and great porosity. 25347002 7 12 theme oil 1430:1432 arg1 removal 1419:1425 highly effective removal 1402:1425 highly effective removal of oil from water 1402:1443 This work provided a new pathway to prepare the chitin-based materials for highly effective removal of oil from water, showing potential application in the pollutant remediation field. 25347002 1 13 theme thermal 227:233 arg1 deposition 250:259 a thermal chemical vapor deposition 225:259 a thermal chemical vapor deposition of methyltrichlorosilane (MTCS) 225:291 A highly hydrophobic and oleophilic chitin sponge was synthesized, for the first time, via a freeze-dried method and then by using a thermal chemical vapor deposition of methyltrichlorosilane (MTCS) at different relative humidity. 25347002 0 14 theme oil 89:91 arg1 separation 75:84 highly effective separation 58:84 highly effective separation of oil 58:91 Hydrophobic modification on surface of chitin sponges for highly effective separation of oil. 25347002 3 15 theme chitin 668:673 arg1 matrix 675:680 the chitin matrix 664:680 the chitin matrix 664:680 The MTCS-coated chitin sponge had interconnected open-cell structures with the average pore size from 20 to 50 μm, and the MTCS nanofilaments immobilized on the chitin matrix, leading to the high hydrophobicity, as a result of the existence of a solid/air composite rough surface. 25347002 5 16 dep both 968:971 arg1 surface 980:986 the surface 976:986 the surface 976:986 The sponges could efficiently collect organics both on the surface and bottom from the water with the highest 58 times of their own weight absorption capacities through the combination of the particular wettability and great porosity. 25347002 3 17 theme interconnected 541:554 arg1 structures 566:575 interconnected open-cell structures 541:575 interconnected open-cell structures 541:575 The MTCS-coated chitin sponge had interconnected open-cell structures with the average pore size from 20 to 50 μm, and the MTCS nanofilaments immobilized on the chitin matrix, leading to the high hydrophobicity, as a result of the existence of a solid/air composite rough surface. 25347002 1 18 theme chemical 235:242 arg1 deposition 250:259 a thermal chemical vapor deposition 225:259 a thermal chemical vapor deposition of methyltrichlorosilane (MTCS) 225:291 A highly hydrophobic and oleophilic chitin sponge was synthesized, for the first time, via a freeze-dried method and then by using a thermal chemical vapor deposition of methyltrichlorosilane (MTCS) at different relative humidity. 25347002 3 19 theme chitin 523:528 arg1 sponge 530:535 The MTCS-coated chitin sponge 507:535 The MTCS-coated chitin sponge 507:535 The MTCS-coated chitin sponge had interconnected open-cell structures with the average pore size from 20 to 50 μm, and the MTCS nanofilaments immobilized on the chitin matrix, leading to the high hydrophobicity, as a result of the existence of a solid/air composite rough surface. 25347002 2 20 theme sponge 499:504 arg1 surface 477:483 the pore wall surface 463:483 the pore wall surface of the chitin sponge 463:504 Fourier-transform infrared, energy-dispersive X-ray spectra, and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the silanization occurred on the pore wall surface of the chitin sponge. 25347002 0 21 theme chitin 39:44 arg1 sponges 46:52 chitin sponges 39:52 chitin sponges 39:52 Hydrophobic modification on surface of chitin sponges for highly effective separation of oil. 25347002 7 22 from water 1439:1443 arg1 removal 1419:1425 highly effective removal 1402:1425 highly effective removal of oil from water 1402:1443 This work provided a new pathway to prepare the chitin-based materials for highly effective removal of oil from water, showing potential application in the pollutant remediation field. 25347002 5 23 dep capacities 1071:1080 arg1 bottom 992:997 bottom 992:997 bottom 992:997 The sponges could efficiently collect organics both on the surface and bottom from the water with the highest 58 times of their own weight absorption capacities through the combination of the particular wettability and great porosity. 25347002 5 23 dep capacities 1071:1080 arg1 both 968:971 both 968:971 both 968:971 The sponges could efficiently collect organics both on the surface and bottom from the water with the highest 58 times of their own weight absorption capacities through the combination of the particular wettability and great porosity. 25347002 2 24 theme chitin 492:497 arg1 sponge 499:504 the chitin sponge 488:504 the chitin sponge 488:504 Fourier-transform infrared, energy-dispersive X-ray spectra, and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the silanization occurred on the pore wall surface of the chitin sponge. 25347002 3 25 from μm 618:619 arg1 size 599:602 the average pore size 582:602 the average pore size from 20 to 50 μm 582:619 The MTCS-coated chitin sponge had interconnected open-cell structures with the average pore size from 20 to 50 μm, and the MTCS nanofilaments immobilized on the chitin matrix, leading to the high hydrophobicity, as a result of the existence of a solid/air composite rough surface. 25347002 1 26 theme first 169:173 arg1 time 175:178 the first time 165:178 the first time 165:178 A highly hydrophobic and oleophilic chitin sponge was synthesized, for the first time, via a freeze-dried method and then by using a thermal chemical vapor deposition of methyltrichlorosilane (MTCS) at different relative humidity. 25347002 0 27 theme Hydrophobic 0:10 arg1 modification 12:23 Hydrophobic modification 0:23 Hydrophobic modification on surface of chitin sponges for highly effective separation of oil 0:91 Hydrophobic modification on surface of chitin sponges for highly effective separation of oil. 25347002 1 28 theme vapor 244:248 arg1 deposition 250:259 a thermal chemical vapor deposition 225:259 a thermal chemical vapor deposition of methyltrichlorosilane (MTCS) 225:291 A highly hydrophobic and oleophilic chitin sponge was synthesized, for the first time, via a freeze-dried method and then by using a thermal chemical vapor deposition of methyltrichlorosilane (MTCS) at different relative humidity. 25347002 7 29 theme remediation 1493:1503 arg1 field 1505:1509 the pollutant remediation field 1479:1509 the pollutant remediation field 1479:1509 This work provided a new pathway to prepare the chitin-based materials for highly effective removal of oil from water, showing potential application in the pollutant remediation field. 25347002 5 30 theme particular 1113:1122 arg1 wettability 1124:1134 particular wettability 1113:1134 particular wettability 1113:1134 The sponges could efficiently collect organics both on the surface and bottom from the water with the highest 58 times of their own weight absorption capacities through the combination of the particular wettability and great porosity. 25347002 2 31 theme X-ray 371:375 arg1 spectra 377:383 Fourier-transform infrared, energy-dispersive X-ray spectra 325:383 spectra 377:383 Fourier-transform infrared, energy-dispersive X-ray spectra, and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the silanization occurred on the pore wall surface of the chitin sponge. 25347002 5 32 dep wettability 1124:1134 arg1 the 1109:1111 the 1109:1111 the 1109:1111 The sponges could efficiently collect organics both on the surface and bottom from the water with the highest 58 times of their own weight absorption capacities through the combination of the particular wettability and great porosity. 25347002 5 33 with water 1008:1012 arg1 times 1034:1038 the highest 58 times 1019:1038 the highest 58 times of their own weight 1019:1058 The sponges could efficiently collect organics both on the surface and bottom from the water with the highest 58 times of their own weight absorption capacities through the combination of the particular wettability and great porosity. 25347002 4 34 theme Cyclic 788:793 arg1 test 807:810 Cyclic compression test 788:810 Cyclic compression test 788:810 Cyclic compression test indicated that the hydrophobic chitin sponges exhibited excellent elasticity and high mechanical durability. 25347002 3 35 theme open-cell 556:564 arg1 structures 566:575 interconnected open-cell structures 541:575 interconnected open-cell structures 541:575 The MTCS-coated chitin sponge had interconnected open-cell structures with the average pore size from 20 to 50 μm, and the MTCS nanofilaments immobilized on the chitin matrix, leading to the high hydrophobicity, as a result of the existence of a solid/air composite rough surface. 25347002 4 36 theme mechanical 898:907 arg1 durability 909:918 high mechanical durability 893:918 high mechanical durability 893:918 Cyclic compression test indicated that the hydrophobic chitin sponges exhibited excellent elasticity and high mechanical durability. 25347002 2 37 theme wall 472:475 arg1 surface 477:483 the pore wall surface 463:483 the pore wall surface of the chitin sponge 463:504 Fourier-transform infrared, energy-dispersive X-ray spectra, and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the silanization occurred on the pore wall surface of the chitin sponge. 25347002 1 38 theme methyltrichlorosilane 264:284 arg1 deposition 250:259 a thermal chemical vapor deposition 225:259 a thermal chemical vapor deposition of methyltrichlorosilane (MTCS) 225:291 A highly hydrophobic and oleophilic chitin sponge was synthesized, for the first time, via a freeze-dried method and then by using a thermal chemical vapor deposition of methyltrichlorosilane (MTCS) at different relative humidity. 25347002 3 39 dep 50 615:616 arg1 to 612:613 to 612:613 to 612:613 The MTCS-coated chitin sponge had interconnected open-cell structures with the average pore size from 20 to 50 μm, and the MTCS nanofilaments immobilized on the chitin matrix, leading to the high hydrophobicity, as a result of the existence of a solid/air composite rough surface. 25347002 5 40 from water 1008:1012 arg1 bottom 992:997 bottom 992:997 bottom 992:997 The sponges could efficiently collect organics both on the surface and bottom from the water with the highest 58 times of their own weight absorption capacities through the combination of the particular wettability and great porosity. 25347002 2 41 theme electron 399:406 arg1 microscopy 408:417 scanning electron microscopy 390:417 scanning electron microscopy 390:417 Fourier-transform infrared, energy-dispersive X-ray spectra, and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the silanization occurred on the pore wall surface of the chitin sponge. 25347002 2 42 theme pore 467:470 arg1 surface 477:483 the pore wall surface 463:483 the pore wall surface of the chitin sponge 463:504 Fourier-transform infrared, energy-dispersive X-ray spectra, and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the silanization occurred on the pore wall surface of the chitin sponge. 25347002 3 43 theme existence 738:746 arg1 result 724:729 a result 722:729 a result of the existence of a solid/air composite rough surface 722:785 The MTCS-coated chitin sponge had interconnected open-cell structures with the average pore size from 20 to 50 μm, and the MTCS nanofilaments immobilized on the chitin matrix, leading to the high hydrophobicity, as a result of the existence of a solid/air composite rough surface. 25347002 7 44 from application 1464:1474 arg1 field 1505:1509 the pollutant remediation field 1479:1509 the pollutant remediation field 1479:1509 This work provided a new pathway to prepare the chitin-based materials for highly effective removal of oil from water, showing potential application in the pollutant remediation field. 25347002 5 45 theme weight 1053:1058 arg1 times 1034:1038 the highest 58 times 1019:1038 the highest 58 times of their own weight 1019:1058 The sponges could efficiently collect organics both on the surface and bottom from the water with the highest 58 times of their own weight absorption capacities through the combination of the particular wettability and great porosity. 25347002 7 46 theme potential 1454:1462 arg1 application 1464:1474 potential application 1454:1474 potential application in the pollutant remediation field 1454:1509 This work provided a new pathway to prepare the chitin-based materials for highly effective removal of oil from water, showing potential application in the pollutant remediation field. 25347002 1 47 theme freeze-dried 187:198 arg1 method 200:205 a freeze-dried method 185:205 a freeze-dried method 185:205 A highly hydrophobic and oleophilic chitin sponge was synthesized, for the first time, via a freeze-dried method and then by using a thermal chemical vapor deposition of methyltrichlorosilane (MTCS) at different relative humidity. 25347002 5 48 theme great 1140:1144 arg1 porosity 1146:1153 great porosity 1140:1153 great porosity 1140:1153 The sponges could efficiently collect organics both on the surface and bottom from the water with the highest 58 times of their own weight absorption capacities through the combination of the particular wettability and great porosity. 25347002 5 49 theme absorption 1060:1069 arg1 capacities 1071:1080 organics both on the surface and bottom from the water with the highest 58 times of their own weight absorption capacities 959:1080 organics both on the surface and bottom from the water with the highest 58 times of their own weight absorption capacities 959:1080 The sponges could efficiently collect organics both on the surface and bottom from the water with the highest 58 times of their own weight absorption capacities through the combination of the particular wettability and great porosity. 25347002 3 50 theme average 586:592 arg1 size 599:602 the average pore size 582:602 the average pore size from 20 to 50 μm 582:619 The MTCS-coated chitin sponge had interconnected open-cell structures with the average pore size from 20 to 50 μm, and the MTCS nanofilaments immobilized on the chitin matrix, leading to the high hydrophobicity, as a result of the existence of a solid/air composite rough surface. 25347002 1 51 theme hydrophobic 103:113 arg1 sponge 137:142 A highly hydrophobic and oleophilic chitin sponge 94:142 A highly hydrophobic and oleophilic chitin sponge 94:142 A highly hydrophobic and oleophilic chitin sponge was synthesized, for the first time, via a freeze-dried method and then by using a thermal chemical vapor deposition of methyltrichlorosilane (MTCS) at different relative humidity. 25347002 0 52 theme sponges 46:52 arg1 surface 28:34 surface 28:34 surface of chitin sponges 28:52 Hydrophobic modification on surface of chitin sponges for highly effective separation of oil. 25347002 5 53 theme porosity 1146:1153 arg1 combination 1094:1104 the combination 1090:1104 the combination of the particular wettability and great porosity 1090:1153 The sponges could efficiently collect organics both on the surface and bottom from the water with the highest 58 times of their own weight absorption capacities through the combination of the particular wettability and great porosity. 25347002 4 54 theme excellent 868:876 arg1 elasticity 878:887 excellent elasticity 868:887 excellent elasticity 868:887 Cyclic compression test indicated that the hydrophobic chitin sponges exhibited excellent elasticity and high mechanical durability. 25347002 5 55 theme highest 1023:1029 arg1 times 1034:1038 the highest 58 times 1019:1038 the highest 58 times of their own weight 1019:1058 The sponges could efficiently collect organics both on the surface and bottom from the water with the highest 58 times of their own weight absorption capacities through the combination of the particular wettability and great porosity. 25347002 3 56 theme pore 594:597 arg1 size 599:602 the average pore size 582:602 the average pore size from 20 to 50 μm 582:619 The MTCS-coated chitin sponge had interconnected open-cell structures with the average pore size from 20 to 50 μm, and the MTCS nanofilaments immobilized on the chitin matrix, leading to the high hydrophobicity, as a result of the existence of a solid/air composite rough surface. 25347002 3 57 contain had 537:539 arg2 structures 566:575 interconnected open-cell structures 541:575 interconnected open-cell structures 541:575 The MTCS-coated chitin sponge had interconnected open-cell structures with the average pore size from 20 to 50 μm, and the MTCS nanofilaments immobilized on the chitin matrix, leading to the high hydrophobicity, as a result of the existence of a solid/air composite rough surface. 25347002 3 57 contain had 537:539 arg1 sponge 530:535 The MTCS-coated chitin sponge 507:535 The MTCS-coated chitin sponge 507:535 The MTCS-coated chitin sponge had interconnected open-cell structures with the average pore size from 20 to 50 μm, and the MTCS nanofilaments immobilized on the chitin matrix, leading to the high hydrophobicity, as a result of the existence of a solid/air composite rough surface. 25347002 4 58 theme high 893:896 arg1 durability 909:918 high mechanical durability 893:918 high mechanical durability 893:918 Cyclic compression test indicated that the hydrophobic chitin sponges exhibited excellent elasticity and high mechanical durability. 25347002 6 59 theme chitin 1204:1209 arg1 kinetics 1188:1195 the biodegradation kinetics 1169:1195 the biodegradation kinetics of the chitin 1169:1209 Furthermore, the biodegradation kinetics of the chitin sponge forecasted that the chitin could be completely biodegraded within 32 days by the microorganisms in the soil. 25347002 7 60 theme effective 1409:1417 arg1 removal 1419:1425 highly effective removal 1402:1425 highly effective removal of oil from water 1402:1443 This work provided a new pathway to prepare the chitin-based materials for highly effective removal of oil from water, showing potential application in the pollutant remediation field. 25347002 1 61 theme oleophilic 119:128 arg1 sponge 137:142 A highly hydrophobic and oleophilic chitin sponge 94:142 A highly hydrophobic and oleophilic chitin sponge 94:142 A highly hydrophobic and oleophilic chitin sponge was synthesized, for the first time, via a freeze-dried method and then by using a thermal chemical vapor deposition of methyltrichlorosilane (MTCS) at different relative humidity. 25347002 7 62 theme chitin-based 1375:1386 arg1 materials 1388:1396 the chitin-based materials 1371:1396 the chitin-based materials for highly effective removal of oil from water 1371:1443 This work provided a new pathway to prepare the chitin-based materials for highly effective removal of oil from water, showing potential application in the pollutant remediation field. 25347002 3 63 theme composite 763:771 arg1 surface 779:785 a solid/air composite rough surface 751:785 a solid/air composite rough surface 751:785 The MTCS-coated chitin sponge had interconnected open-cell structures with the average pore size from 20 to 50 μm, and the MTCS nanofilaments immobilized on the chitin matrix, leading to the high hydrophobicity, as a result of the existence of a solid/air composite rough surface. 25347002 7 64 theme pollutant 1483:1491 arg1 field 1505:1509 the pollutant remediation field 1479:1509 the pollutant remediation field 1479:1509 This work provided a new pathway to prepare the chitin-based materials for highly effective removal of oil from water, showing potential application in the pollutant remediation field. 25347002 6 65 theme biodegradation 1173:1186 arg1 kinetics 1188:1195 the biodegradation kinetics 1169:1195 the biodegradation kinetics of the chitin 1169:1209 Furthermore, the biodegradation kinetics of the chitin sponge forecasted that the chitin could be completely biodegraded within 32 days by the microorganisms in the soil. 25347002 5 66 theme own 1049:1051 arg1 weight 1053:1058 their own weight 1043:1058 their own weight 1043:1058 The sponges could efficiently collect organics both on the surface and bottom from the water with the highest 58 times of their own weight absorption capacities through the combination of the particular wettability and great porosity. 25347002 1 67 theme chitin 130:135 arg1 sponge 137:142 A highly hydrophobic and oleophilic chitin sponge 94:142 A highly hydrophobic and oleophilic chitin sponge 94:142 A highly hydrophobic and oleophilic chitin sponge was synthesized, for the first time, via a freeze-dried method and then by using a thermal chemical vapor deposition of methyltrichlorosilane (MTCS) at different relative humidity. 25347002 3 68 theme rough 773:777 arg1 surface 779:785 a solid/air composite rough surface 751:785 a solid/air composite rough surface 751:785 The MTCS-coated chitin sponge had interconnected open-cell structures with the average pore size from 20 to 50 μm, and the MTCS nanofilaments immobilized on the chitin matrix, leading to the high hydrophobicity, as a result of the existence of a solid/air composite rough surface. 25347002 0 69 theme effective 65:73 arg1 separation 75:84 highly effective separation 58:84 highly effective separation of oil 58:91 Hydrophobic modification on surface of chitin sponges for highly effective separation of oil. 25347002 2 70 theme scanning 390:397 arg1 microscopy 408:417 scanning electron microscopy 390:417 scanning electron microscopy 390:417 Fourier-transform infrared, energy-dispersive X-ray spectra, and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the silanization occurred on the pore wall surface of the chitin sponge. 25347002 6 71 dep sponge 1211:1216 arg1 forecasted 1218:1227 forecasted 1218:1227 sponge forecasted that the chitin could be completely biodegraded within 32 days by the microorganisms in the soil 1211:1324 Furthermore, the biodegradation kinetics of the chitin sponge forecasted that the chitin could be completely biodegraded within 32 days by the microorganisms in the soil. 25347002 2 72 theme energy-dispersive 353:369 arg1 spectra 377:383 Fourier-transform infrared, energy-dispersive X-ray spectra 325:383 spectra 377:383 Fourier-transform infrared, energy-dispersive X-ray spectra, and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the silanization occurred on the pore wall surface of the chitin sponge. 25347002 3 73 theme surface 779:785 arg1 existence 738:746 the existence 734:746 the existence of a solid/air composite rough surface 734:785 The MTCS-coated chitin sponge had interconnected open-cell structures with the average pore size from 20 to 50 μm, and the MTCS nanofilaments immobilized on the chitin matrix, leading to the high hydrophobicity, as a result of the existence of a solid/air composite rough surface. 25347002 1 74 theme different 296:304 arg1 humidity 315:322 different relative humidity 296:322 different relative humidity 296:322 A highly hydrophobic and oleophilic chitin sponge was synthesized, for the first time, via a freeze-dried method and then by using a thermal chemical vapor deposition of methyltrichlorosilane (MTCS) at different relative humidity. 25347002 6 75 from microorganisms 1299:1312 arg1 soil 1321:1324 the soil 1317:1324 the soil 1317:1324 Furthermore, the biodegradation kinetics of the chitin sponge forecasted that the chitin could be completely biodegraded within 32 days by the microorganisms in the soil. 25347002 3 76 theme MTCS-coated 511:521 arg1 sponge 530:535 The MTCS-coated chitin sponge 507:535 The MTCS-coated chitin sponge 507:535 The MTCS-coated chitin sponge had interconnected open-cell structures with the average pore size from 20 to 50 μm, and the MTCS nanofilaments immobilized on the chitin matrix, leading to the high hydrophobicity, as a result of the existence of a solid/air composite rough surface. 25347002 3 77 theme solid/air 753:761 arg1 surface 779:785 a solid/air composite rough surface 751:785 a solid/air composite rough surface 751:785 The MTCS-coated chitin sponge had interconnected open-cell structures with the average pore size from 20 to 50 μm, and the MTCS nanofilaments immobilized on the chitin matrix, leading to the high hydrophobicity, as a result of the existence of a solid/air composite rough surface. 29029078 6 0 from strains 948:954 arg1 common 959:964 common 959:964 common 959:964 We confirmed that certain Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains possess some ability to utilise apple pectin and report here that F. prausnitzii strains in common with E. eligens can utilise the galacturonide oligosaccharides DP4 and DP5 derived from sugar beet pectin. 29029078 6 1 theme prausnitzii 936:946 arg1 strains 948:954 F. prausnitzii strains 933:954 F. prausnitzii strains in common with E. eligens 933:980 We confirmed that certain Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains possess some ability to utilise apple pectin and report here that F. prausnitzii strains in common with E. eligens can utilise the galacturonide oligosaccharides DP4 and DP5 derived from sugar beet pectin. 29029078 6 2 contain possess 867:873 arg1 strains 859:865 certain Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains 822:865 certain Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains 822:865 We confirmed that certain Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains possess some ability to utilise apple pectin and report here that F. prausnitzii strains in common with E. eligens can utilise the galacturonide oligosaccharides DP4 and DP5 derived from sugar beet pectin. 29029078 6 2 contain possess 867:873 arg2 ability 880:886 some ability to utilise apple pectin 875:910 some ability to utilise apple pectin 875:910 We confirmed that certain Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains possess some ability to utilise apple pectin and report here that F. prausnitzii strains in common with E. eligens can utilise the galacturonide oligosaccharides DP4 and DP5 derived from sugar beet pectin. 29029078 0 3 theme commensal 87:95 arg1 bacteria 97:104 anti-inflammatory commensal bacteria 69:104 anti-inflammatory commensal bacteria 69:104 Prebiotic potential of pectin and pectic oligosaccharides to promote anti-inflammatory commensal bacteria in the human colon. 29029078 6 4 theme F. 933:934 arg1 strains 948:954 F. prausnitzii strains 933:954 F. prausnitzii strains in common with E. eligens 933:980 We confirmed that certain Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains possess some ability to utilise apple pectin and report here that F. prausnitzii strains in common with E. eligens can utilise the galacturonide oligosaccharides DP4 and DP5 derived from sugar beet pectin. 29029078 7 5 theme host 1175:1178 arg1 cells 1180:1184 host cells 1175:1184 host cells 1175:1184 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains have been shown previously to exert anti-inflammatory effects on host cells, but we show here for the first time that E. eligens strongly promotes the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in in vitro cell-based assays. 29029078 6 6 theme Faecalibacterium 830:845 arg1 strains 859:865 certain Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains 822:865 certain Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains 822:865 We confirmed that certain Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains possess some ability to utilise apple pectin and report here that F. prausnitzii strains in common with E. eligens can utilise the galacturonide oligosaccharides DP4 and DP5 derived from sugar beet pectin. 29029078 2 7 theme cell 319:322 arg1 walls 324:328 plant cell walls 313:328 plant cell walls 313:328 Pectin is a major component of plant cell walls. 29029078 5 8 theme pectate 738:744 arg1 lyase 746:750 a highly abundant pectate lyase 720:750 a highly abundant pectate lyase of around 200 kDa 720:768 Eubacterium eligens DSM3376 utilises apple pectin and encodes a broad repertoire of pectinolytic enzymes, including a highly abundant pectate lyase of around 200 kDa that is expressed constitutively. 29029078 3 9 from genomes 402:408 arg1 isolates 389:396 available bacterial isolates 369:396 available bacterial isolates 369:396 Based on studies in model systems and available bacterial isolates and genomes, the capacity to utilise pectins for growth is widespread among colonic Bacteroidetes but relatively uncommon among Firmicutes. 29029078 3 9 from genomes 402:408 arg1 systems 357:363 model systems 351:363 model systems 351:363 Based on studies in model systems and available bacterial isolates and genomes, the capacity to utilise pectins for growth is widespread among colonic Bacteroidetes but relatively uncommon among Firmicutes. 29029078 5 10 theme broad 668:672 arg1 enzymes 701:707 pectinolytic enzymes 688:707 pectinolytic enzymes 688:707 Eubacterium eligens DSM3376 utilises apple pectin and encodes a broad repertoire of pectinolytic enzymes, including a highly abundant pectate lyase of around 200 kDa that is expressed constitutively. 29029078 5 10 theme broad 668:672 arg1 DSM3376 624:630 Eubacterium eligens DSM3376 604:630 Eubacterium eligens DSM3376 604:630 Eubacterium eligens DSM3376 utilises apple pectin and encodes a broad repertoire of pectinolytic enzymes, including a highly abundant pectate lyase of around 200 kDa that is expressed constitutively. 29029078 5 10 theme broad 668:672 arg1 lyase 746:750 a highly abundant pectate lyase 720:750 a highly abundant pectate lyase of around 200 kDa 720:768 Eubacterium eligens DSM3376 utilises apple pectin and encodes a broad repertoire of pectinolytic enzymes, including a highly abundant pectate lyase of around 200 kDa that is expressed constitutively. 29029078 5 10 theme broad 668:672 arg1 repertoire 674:683 a broad repertoire 666:683 a broad repertoire of pectinolytic enzymes, including a highly abundant pectate lyase of around 200 kDa that is expressed constitutively 666:801 Eubacterium eligens DSM3376 utilises apple pectin and encodes a broad repertoire of pectinolytic enzymes, including a highly abundant pectate lyase of around 200 kDa that is expressed constitutively. 29029078 5 11 theme Eubacterium 604:614 arg1 enzymes 701:707 pectinolytic enzymes 688:707 pectinolytic enzymes 688:707 Eubacterium eligens DSM3376 utilises apple pectin and encodes a broad repertoire of pectinolytic enzymes, including a highly abundant pectate lyase of around 200 kDa that is expressed constitutively. 29029078 5 11 theme Eubacterium 604:614 arg1 repertoire 674:683 a broad repertoire 666:683 a broad repertoire of pectinolytic enzymes, including a highly abundant pectate lyase of around 200 kDa that is expressed constitutively 666:801 Eubacterium eligens DSM3376 utilises apple pectin and encodes a broad repertoire of pectinolytic enzymes, including a highly abundant pectate lyase of around 200 kDa that is expressed constitutively. 29029078 5 11 theme Eubacterium 604:614 arg1 DSM3376 624:630 Eubacterium eligens DSM3376 604:630 Eubacterium eligens DSM3376 604:630 Eubacterium eligens DSM3376 utilises apple pectin and encodes a broad repertoire of pectinolytic enzymes, including a highly abundant pectate lyase of around 200 kDa that is expressed constitutively. 29029078 7 12 theme cytokine 1297:1304 arg1 IL-10 1306:1310 the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 1275:1310 the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 1275:1310 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains have been shown previously to exert anti-inflammatory effects on host cells, but we show here for the first time that E. eligens strongly promotes the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in in vitro cell-based assays. 29029078 6 13 theme galacturonide 998:1010 arg1 DP4 1029:1031 DP4 1029:1031 DP4 1029:1031 We confirmed that certain Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains possess some ability to utilise apple pectin and report here that F. prausnitzii strains in common with E. eligens can utilise the galacturonide oligosaccharides DP4 and DP5 derived from sugar beet pectin. 29029078 6 13 theme galacturonide 998:1010 arg1 oligosaccharides 1012:1027 the galacturonide oligosaccharides DP4 and DP5 994:1039 the galacturonide oligosaccharides DP4 and DP5 derived from sugar beet pectin 994:1070 We confirmed that certain Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains possess some ability to utilise apple pectin and report here that F. prausnitzii strains in common with E. eligens can utilise the galacturonide oligosaccharides DP4 and DP5 derived from sugar beet pectin. 29029078 6 13 theme galacturonide 998:1010 arg1 DP5 1037:1039 DP5 1037:1039 DP5 1037:1039 We confirmed that certain Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains possess some ability to utilise apple pectin and report here that F. prausnitzii strains in common with E. eligens can utilise the galacturonide oligosaccharides DP4 and DP5 derived from sugar beet pectin. 29029078 5 14 theme eligens 616:622 arg1 enzymes 701:707 pectinolytic enzymes 688:707 pectinolytic enzymes 688:707 Eubacterium eligens DSM3376 utilises apple pectin and encodes a broad repertoire of pectinolytic enzymes, including a highly abundant pectate lyase of around 200 kDa that is expressed constitutively. 29029078 5 14 theme eligens 616:622 arg1 repertoire 674:683 a broad repertoire 666:683 a broad repertoire of pectinolytic enzymes, including a highly abundant pectate lyase of around 200 kDa that is expressed constitutively 666:801 Eubacterium eligens DSM3376 utilises apple pectin and encodes a broad repertoire of pectinolytic enzymes, including a highly abundant pectate lyase of around 200 kDa that is expressed constitutively. 29029078 5 14 theme eligens 616:622 arg1 DSM3376 624:630 Eubacterium eligens DSM3376 604:630 Eubacterium eligens DSM3376 604:630 Eubacterium eligens DSM3376 utilises apple pectin and encodes a broad repertoire of pectinolytic enzymes, including a highly abundant pectate lyase of around 200 kDa that is expressed constitutively. 29029078 2 15 theme plant 313:317 arg1 walls 324:328 plant cell walls 313:328 plant cell walls 313:328 Pectin is a major component of plant cell walls. 29029078 7 16 theme first 1212:1216 arg1 time 1218:1221 the first time 1208:1221 the first time 1208:1221 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains have been shown previously to exert anti-inflammatory effects on host cells, but we show here for the first time that E. eligens strongly promotes the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in in vitro cell-based assays. 29029078 4 17 theme Eubacterium 583:593 arg1 eligens 595:601 Eubacterium eligens 583:601 Eubacterium eligens 583:601 One Firmicutes species promoted by pectin is Eubacterium eligens. 29029078 0 18 theme human 113:117 arg1 colon 119:123 the human colon 109:123 the human colon 109:123 Prebiotic potential of pectin and pectic oligosaccharides to promote anti-inflammatory commensal bacteria in the human colon. 29029078 5 19 theme apple 641:645 arg1 pectin 647:652 apple pectin 641:652 apple pectin 641:652 Eubacterium eligens DSM3376 utilises apple pectin and encodes a broad repertoire of pectinolytic enzymes, including a highly abundant pectate lyase of around 200 kDa that is expressed constitutively. 29029078 3 20 theme available 369:377 arg1 isolates 389:396 available bacterial isolates 369:396 available bacterial isolates 369:396 Based on studies in model systems and available bacterial isolates and genomes, the capacity to utilise pectins for growth is widespread among colonic Bacteroidetes but relatively uncommon among Firmicutes. 29029078 8 21 theme pectin 1426:1431 arg1 potential 1413:1421 the prebiotic potential 1399:1421 the prebiotic potential of pectin and its derivatives to re-balance the microbiota towards an anti-inflammatory profile 1399:1517 These findings suggest the potential to explore further the prebiotic potential of pectin and its derivatives to re-balance the microbiota towards an anti-inflammatory profile. 29029078 6 22 with common 959:964 arg1 eligens 974:980 E. eligens 971:980 E. eligens 971:980 We confirmed that certain Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains possess some ability to utilise apple pectin and report here that F. prausnitzii strains in common with E. eligens can utilise the galacturonide oligosaccharides DP4 and DP5 derived from sugar beet pectin. 29029078 7 23 theme Faecalibacterium 1073:1088 arg1 strains 1102:1108 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains 1073:1108 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains 1073:1108 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains have been shown previously to exert anti-inflammatory effects on host cells, but we show here for the first time that E. eligens strongly promotes the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in in vitro cell-based assays. 29029078 0 24 theme Prebiotic 0:8 arg1 potential 10:18 Prebiotic potential 0:18 Prebiotic potential of pectin and pectic oligosaccharides 0:56 Prebiotic potential of pectin and pectic oligosaccharides to promote anti-inflammatory commensal bacteria in the human colon. 29029078 6 25 theme certain 822:828 arg1 strains 859:865 certain Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains 822:865 certain Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains 822:865 We confirmed that certain Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains possess some ability to utilise apple pectin and report here that F. prausnitzii strains in common with E. eligens can utilise the galacturonide oligosaccharides DP4 and DP5 derived from sugar beet pectin. 29029078 3 26 theme model 351:355 arg1 systems 357:363 model systems 351:363 model systems 351:363 Based on studies in model systems and available bacterial isolates and genomes, the capacity to utilise pectins for growth is widespread among colonic Bacteroidetes but relatively uncommon among Firmicutes. 29029078 4 27 theme Firmicutes 542:551 arg1 species 553:559 One Firmicutes species 538:559 One Firmicutes species promoted by pectin 538:578 One Firmicutes species promoted by pectin is Eubacterium eligens. 29029078 1 28 from impact 264:269 arg1 health 274:279 health 274:279 health 274:279 Dietary plant cell wall carbohydrates are important in modulating the composition and metabolism of the complex gut microbiota, which can impact on health. 29029078 2 29 theme major 294:298 arg1 Pectin 282:287 Pectin 282:287 Pectin 282:287 Pectin is a major component of plant cell walls. 29029078 2 29 theme major 294:298 arg1 component 300:308 a major component 292:308 a major component of plant cell walls 292:328 Pectin is a major component of plant cell walls. 29029078 7 30 theme cell-based 1324:1333 arg1 assays 1335:1340 in vitro cell-based assays 1315:1340 in vitro cell-based assays 1315:1340 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains have been shown previously to exert anti-inflammatory effects on host cells, but we show here for the first time that E. eligens strongly promotes the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in in vitro cell-based assays. 29029078 6 31 theme apple 899:903 arg1 pectin 905:910 apple pectin 899:910 apple pectin 899:910 We confirmed that certain Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains possess some ability to utilise apple pectin and report here that F. prausnitzii strains in common with E. eligens can utilise the galacturonide oligosaccharides DP4 and DP5 derived from sugar beet pectin. 29029078 6 32 attach derived 1041:1047 arg2 DP5 1037:1039 DP5 1037:1039 DP5 1037:1039 We confirmed that certain Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains possess some ability to utilise apple pectin and report here that F. prausnitzii strains in common with E. eligens can utilise the galacturonide oligosaccharides DP4 and DP5 derived from sugar beet pectin. 29029078 6 32 attach derived 1041:1047 arg1 pectin 1065:1070 sugar beet pectin 1054:1070 sugar beet pectin 1054:1070 We confirmed that certain Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains possess some ability to utilise apple pectin and report here that F. prausnitzii strains in common with E. eligens can utilise the galacturonide oligosaccharides DP4 and DP5 derived from sugar beet pectin. 29029078 6 32 attach derived 1041:1047 arg2 oligosaccharides 1012:1027 the galacturonide oligosaccharides DP4 and DP5 994:1039 the galacturonide oligosaccharides DP4 and DP5 derived from sugar beet pectin 994:1070 We confirmed that certain Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains possess some ability to utilise apple pectin and report here that F. prausnitzii strains in common with E. eligens can utilise the galacturonide oligosaccharides DP4 and DP5 derived from sugar beet pectin. 29029078 6 32 attach derived 1041:1047 arg2 DP4 1029:1031 DP4 1029:1031 DP4 1029:1031 We confirmed that certain Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains possess some ability to utilise apple pectin and report here that F. prausnitzii strains in common with E. eligens can utilise the galacturonide oligosaccharides DP4 and DP5 derived from sugar beet pectin. 29029078 6 33 dep Faecalibacterium 830:845 arg1 prausnitzii 847:857 prausnitzii 847:857 prausnitzii 847:857 We confirmed that certain Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains possess some ability to utilise apple pectin and report here that F. prausnitzii strains in common with E. eligens can utilise the galacturonide oligosaccharides DP4 and DP5 derived from sugar beet pectin. 29029078 0 34 theme pectic 34:39 arg1 oligosaccharides 41:56 pectic oligosaccharides 34:56 pectic oligosaccharides 34:56 Prebiotic potential of pectin and pectic oligosaccharides to promote anti-inflammatory commensal bacteria in the human colon. 29029078 1 35 theme Dietary 126:132 arg1 carbohydrates 150:162 Dietary plant cell wall carbohydrates 126:162 Dietary plant cell wall carbohydrates 126:162 Dietary plant cell wall carbohydrates are important in modulating the composition and metabolism of the complex gut microbiota, which can impact on health. 29029078 7 36 theme prausnitzii 1090:1100 arg1 strains 1102:1108 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains 1073:1108 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains 1073:1108 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains have been shown previously to exert anti-inflammatory effects on host cells, but we show here for the first time that E. eligens strongly promotes the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in in vitro cell-based assays. 29029078 5 37 theme abundant 729:736 arg1 lyase 746:750 a highly abundant pectate lyase 720:750 a highly abundant pectate lyase of around 200 kDa 720:768 Eubacterium eligens DSM3376 utilises apple pectin and encodes a broad repertoire of pectinolytic enzymes, including a highly abundant pectate lyase of around 200 kDa that is expressed constitutively. 29029078 3 38 from studies 340:346 arg1 isolates 389:396 available bacterial isolates 369:396 available bacterial isolates 369:396 Based on studies in model systems and available bacterial isolates and genomes, the capacity to utilise pectins for growth is widespread among colonic Bacteroidetes but relatively uncommon among Firmicutes. 29029078 3 38 from studies 340:346 arg1 systems 357:363 model systems 351:363 model systems 351:363 Based on studies in model systems and available bacterial isolates and genomes, the capacity to utilise pectins for growth is widespread among colonic Bacteroidetes but relatively uncommon among Firmicutes. 29029078 0 39 theme pectin 23:28 arg1 potential 10:18 Prebiotic potential 0:18 Prebiotic potential of pectin and pectic oligosaccharides 0:56 Prebiotic potential of pectin and pectic oligosaccharides to promote anti-inflammatory commensal bacteria in the human colon. 29029078 7 40 theme IL-10 1306:1310 arg1 production 1261:1270 the production 1257:1270 the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 1257:1310 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains have been shown previously to exert anti-inflammatory effects on host cells, but we show here for the first time that E. eligens strongly promotes the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in in vitro cell-based assays. 29029078 6 41 theme beet 1060:1063 arg1 pectin 1065:1070 sugar beet pectin 1054:1070 sugar beet pectin 1054:1070 We confirmed that certain Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains possess some ability to utilise apple pectin and report here that F. prausnitzii strains in common with E. eligens can utilise the galacturonide oligosaccharides DP4 and DP5 derived from sugar beet pectin. 29029078 3 42 theme bacterial 379:387 arg1 isolates 389:396 available bacterial isolates 369:396 available bacterial isolates 369:396 Based on studies in model systems and available bacterial isolates and genomes, the capacity to utilise pectins for growth is widespread among colonic Bacteroidetes but relatively uncommon among Firmicutes. 29029078 8 43 theme prebiotic 1403:1411 arg1 potential 1413:1421 the prebiotic potential 1399:1421 the prebiotic potential of pectin and its derivatives to re-balance the microbiota towards an anti-inflammatory profile 1399:1517 These findings suggest the potential to explore further the prebiotic potential of pectin and its derivatives to re-balance the microbiota towards an anti-inflammatory profile. 29029078 8 44 theme anti-inflammatory 1493:1509 arg1 profile 1511:1517 an anti-inflammatory profile 1490:1517 an anti-inflammatory profile 1490:1517 These findings suggest the potential to explore further the prebiotic potential of pectin and its derivatives to re-balance the microbiota towards an anti-inflammatory profile. 29029078 8 45 theme derivatives 1441:1451 arg1 potential 1413:1421 the prebiotic potential 1399:1421 the prebiotic potential of pectin and its derivatives to re-balance the microbiota towards an anti-inflammatory profile 1399:1517 These findings suggest the potential to explore further the prebiotic potential of pectin and its derivatives to re-balance the microbiota towards an anti-inflammatory profile. 29029078 0 46 theme oligosaccharides 41:56 arg1 potential 10:18 Prebiotic potential 0:18 Prebiotic potential of pectin and pectic oligosaccharides 0:56 Prebiotic potential of pectin and pectic oligosaccharides to promote anti-inflammatory commensal bacteria in the human colon. 29029078 5 47 theme pectinolytic 688:699 arg1 enzymes 701:707 pectinolytic enzymes 688:707 pectinolytic enzymes 688:707 Eubacterium eligens DSM3376 utilises apple pectin and encodes a broad repertoire of pectinolytic enzymes, including a highly abundant pectate lyase of around 200 kDa that is expressed constitutively. 29029078 5 47 theme pectinolytic 688:699 arg1 lyase 746:750 a highly abundant pectate lyase 720:750 a highly abundant pectate lyase of around 200 kDa 720:768 Eubacterium eligens DSM3376 utilises apple pectin and encodes a broad repertoire of pectinolytic enzymes, including a highly abundant pectate lyase of around 200 kDa that is expressed constitutively. 29029078 3 48 theme colonic 474:480 arg1 Bacteroidetes 482:494 colonic Bacteroidetes 474:494 colonic Bacteroidetes 474:494 Based on studies in model systems and available bacterial isolates and genomes, the capacity to utilise pectins for growth is widespread among colonic Bacteroidetes but relatively uncommon among Firmicutes. 29029078 7 49 theme anti-inflammatory 1279:1295 arg1 IL-10 1306:1310 the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 1275:1310 the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 1275:1310 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains have been shown previously to exert anti-inflammatory effects on host cells, but we show here for the first time that E. eligens strongly promotes the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in in vitro cell-based assays. 29029078 5 50 theme enzymes 701:707 arg1 enzymes 701:707 pectinolytic enzymes 688:707 pectinolytic enzymes 688:707 Eubacterium eligens DSM3376 utilises apple pectin and encodes a broad repertoire of pectinolytic enzymes, including a highly abundant pectate lyase of around 200 kDa that is expressed constitutively. 29029078 5 50 theme enzymes 701:707 arg1 DSM3376 624:630 Eubacterium eligens DSM3376 604:630 Eubacterium eligens DSM3376 604:630 Eubacterium eligens DSM3376 utilises apple pectin and encodes a broad repertoire of pectinolytic enzymes, including a highly abundant pectate lyase of around 200 kDa that is expressed constitutively. 29029078 5 50 theme enzymes 701:707 arg1 lyase 746:750 a highly abundant pectate lyase 720:750 a highly abundant pectate lyase of around 200 kDa 720:768 Eubacterium eligens DSM3376 utilises apple pectin and encodes a broad repertoire of pectinolytic enzymes, including a highly abundant pectate lyase of around 200 kDa that is expressed constitutively. 29029078 5 50 theme enzymes 701:707 arg1 repertoire 674:683 a broad repertoire 666:683 a broad repertoire of pectinolytic enzymes, including a highly abundant pectate lyase of around 200 kDa that is expressed constitutively 666:801 Eubacterium eligens DSM3376 utilises apple pectin and encodes a broad repertoire of pectinolytic enzymes, including a highly abundant pectate lyase of around 200 kDa that is expressed constitutively. 29029078 1 51 dep composition 196:206 arg1 the 192:194 the 192:194 the 192:194 Dietary plant cell wall carbohydrates are important in modulating the composition and metabolism of the complex gut microbiota, which can impact on health. 29029078 1 52 theme plant 134:138 arg1 carbohydrates 150:162 Dietary plant cell wall carbohydrates 126:162 Dietary plant cell wall carbohydrates 126:162 Dietary plant cell wall carbohydrates are important in modulating the composition and metabolism of the complex gut microbiota, which can impact on health. 29029078 1 53 theme complex 230:236 arg1 microbiota 242:251 the complex gut microbiota 226:251 the complex gut microbiota 226:251 Dietary plant cell wall carbohydrates are important in modulating the composition and metabolism of the complex gut microbiota, which can impact on health. 29029078 7 54 dep in 1315:1316 arg1 vitro 1318:1322 vitro 1318:1322 vitro 1318:1322 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains have been shown previously to exert anti-inflammatory effects on host cells, but we show here for the first time that E. eligens strongly promotes the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in in vitro cell-based assays. 29029078 7 55 theme anti-inflammatory 1146:1162 arg1 effects 1164:1170 anti-inflammatory effects 1146:1170 anti-inflammatory effects 1146:1170 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains have been shown previously to exert anti-inflammatory effects on host cells, but we show here for the first time that E. eligens strongly promotes the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in in vitro cell-based assays. 29029078 1 56 theme cell 140:143 arg1 carbohydrates 150:162 Dietary plant cell wall carbohydrates 126:162 Dietary plant cell wall carbohydrates 126:162 Dietary plant cell wall carbohydrates are important in modulating the composition and metabolism of the complex gut microbiota, which can impact on health. 29029078 1 57 theme gut 238:240 arg1 microbiota 242:251 the complex gut microbiota 226:251 the complex gut microbiota 226:251 Dietary plant cell wall carbohydrates are important in modulating the composition and metabolism of the complex gut microbiota, which can impact on health. 29029078 0 58 theme anti-inflammatory 69:85 arg1 bacteria 97:104 anti-inflammatory commensal bacteria 69:104 anti-inflammatory commensal bacteria 69:104 Prebiotic potential of pectin and pectic oligosaccharides to promote anti-inflammatory commensal bacteria in the human colon. 29029078 2 59 theme walls 324:328 arg1 Pectin 282:287 Pectin 282:287 Pectin 282:287 Pectin is a major component of plant cell walls. 29029078 2 59 theme walls 324:328 arg1 component 300:308 a major component 292:308 a major component of plant cell walls 292:328 Pectin is a major component of plant cell walls. 29029078 1 60 theme wall 145:148 arg1 carbohydrates 150:162 Dietary plant cell wall carbohydrates 126:162 Dietary plant cell wall carbohydrates 126:162 Dietary plant cell wall carbohydrates are important in modulating the composition and metabolism of the complex gut microbiota, which can impact on health. 29029078 1 61 theme microbiota 242:251 arg1 metabolism 212:221 metabolism 212:221 metabolism 212:221 Dietary plant cell wall carbohydrates are important in modulating the composition and metabolism of the complex gut microbiota, which can impact on health. 29029078 1 61 theme microbiota 242:251 arg1 composition 196:206 composition 196:206 composition 196:206 Dietary plant cell wall carbohydrates are important in modulating the composition and metabolism of the complex gut microbiota, which can impact on health. 29029078 5 62 theme kDa 766:768 arg1 lyase 746:750 a highly abundant pectate lyase 720:750 a highly abundant pectate lyase of around 200 kDa 720:768 Eubacterium eligens DSM3376 utilises apple pectin and encodes a broad repertoire of pectinolytic enzymes, including a highly abundant pectate lyase of around 200 kDa that is expressed constitutively. 29029078 6 63 dep oligosaccharides 1012:1027 arg1 DP4 1029:1031 DP4 1029:1031 DP4 1029:1031 We confirmed that certain Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains possess some ability to utilise apple pectin and report here that F. prausnitzii strains in common with E. eligens can utilise the galacturonide oligosaccharides DP4 and DP5 derived from sugar beet pectin. 29029078 6 63 dep oligosaccharides 1012:1027 arg1 oligosaccharides 1012:1027 the galacturonide oligosaccharides DP4 and DP5 994:1039 the galacturonide oligosaccharides DP4 and DP5 derived from sugar beet pectin 994:1070 We confirmed that certain Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains possess some ability to utilise apple pectin and report here that F. prausnitzii strains in common with E. eligens can utilise the galacturonide oligosaccharides DP4 and DP5 derived from sugar beet pectin. 29029078 6 63 dep oligosaccharides 1012:1027 arg1 DP5 1037:1039 DP5 1037:1039 DP5 1037:1039 We confirmed that certain Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains possess some ability to utilise apple pectin and report here that F. prausnitzii strains in common with E. eligens can utilise the galacturonide oligosaccharides DP4 and DP5 derived from sugar beet pectin. 29029078 7 64 theme in 1315:1316 arg1 assays 1335:1340 in vitro cell-based assays 1315:1340 in vitro cell-based assays 1315:1340 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains have been shown previously to exert anti-inflammatory effects on host cells, but we show here for the first time that E. eligens strongly promotes the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in in vitro cell-based assays. 29029078 6 65 theme sugar 1054:1058 arg1 pectin 1065:1070 sugar beet pectin 1054:1070 sugar beet pectin 1054:1070 We confirmed that certain Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains possess some ability to utilise apple pectin and report here that F. prausnitzii strains in common with E. eligens can utilise the galacturonide oligosaccharides DP4 and DP5 derived from sugar beet pectin. 28818374 0 0 from modifications 10:22 arg1 response 78:85 response 78:85 response to sub-optimal growth conditions 78:118 Cell wall modifications of two Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes, Col and Sha, in response to sub-optimal growth conditions: An integrative study. 28818374 6 1 attach presented 914:922 arg1 15°C 894:897 15°C 894:897 15°C 894:897 At 15°C, both ecotypes presented characteristic morphological traits of low temperature growth acclimation such as reduced rosette diameter, increased number of leaves, modifications of their CW composition and cuticle reinforcement. 28818374 6 1 attach presented 914:922 arg2 ecotypes 905:912 both ecotypes 900:912 both ecotypes 900:912 At 15°C, both ecotypes presented characteristic morphological traits of low temperature growth acclimation such as reduced rosette diameter, increased number of leaves, modifications of their CW composition and cuticle reinforcement. 28818374 6 2 theme reduced 1006:1012 arg1 diameter 1022:1029 reduced rosette diameter 1006:1029 reduced rosette diameter 1006:1029 At 15°C, both ecotypes presented characteristic morphological traits of low temperature growth acclimation such as reduced rosette diameter, increased number of leaves, modifications of their CW composition and cuticle reinforcement. 28818374 3 3 theme low 464:466 arg1 altitude 468:475 low altitude 464:475 low altitude 464:475 Two ecotypes, Columbia (Col) growing at low altitude, and Shahdara (Sha) growing at 3400m, have been studied at optimal and sub-optimal growth temperature (22°C vs 15°C). 28818374 6 4 theme leaves 1052:1057 arg1 modifications 1060:1072 modifications 1060:1072 modifications of their CW composition 1060:1096 At 15°C, both ecotypes presented characteristic morphological traits of low temperature growth acclimation such as reduced rosette diameter, increased number of leaves, modifications of their CW composition and cuticle reinforcement. 28818374 6 4 theme leaves 1052:1057 arg1 diameter 1022:1029 reduced rosette diameter 1006:1029 reduced rosette diameter 1006:1029 At 15°C, both ecotypes presented characteristic morphological traits of low temperature growth acclimation such as reduced rosette diameter, increased number of leaves, modifications of their CW composition and cuticle reinforcement. 28818374 6 4 theme leaves 1052:1057 arg1 number 1042:1047 increased number 1032:1047 increased number of leaves 1032:1057 At 15°C, both ecotypes presented characteristic morphological traits of low temperature growth acclimation such as reduced rosette diameter, increased number of leaves, modifications of their CW composition and cuticle reinforcement. 28818374 6 4 theme leaves 1052:1057 arg1 reinforcement 1110:1122 cuticle reinforcement 1102:1122 cuticle reinforcement 1102:1122 At 15°C, both ecotypes presented characteristic morphological traits of low temperature growth acclimation such as reduced rosette diameter, increased number of leaves, modifications of their CW composition and cuticle reinforcement. 28818374 4 5 dep analyses 651:658 arg1 monosaccharides 635:649 cell wall monosaccharides 625:649 cell wall monosaccharides 625:649 Macro- and micro-phenotyping, cell wall monosaccharides analyses, cell wall proteomics, and transcriptomics have been performed in order to accomplish an integrative analysis. 28818374 6 6 theme composition 1086:1096 arg1 modifications 1060:1072 modifications 1060:1072 modifications of their CW composition 1060:1096 At 15°C, both ecotypes presented characteristic morphological traits of low temperature growth acclimation such as reduced rosette diameter, increased number of leaves, modifications of their CW composition and cuticle reinforcement. 28818374 6 6 theme composition 1086:1096 arg1 diameter 1022:1029 reduced rosette diameter 1006:1029 reduced rosette diameter 1006:1029 At 15°C, both ecotypes presented characteristic morphological traits of low temperature growth acclimation such as reduced rosette diameter, increased number of leaves, modifications of their CW composition and cuticle reinforcement. 28818374 6 6 theme composition 1086:1096 arg1 number 1042:1047 increased number 1032:1047 increased number of leaves 1032:1057 At 15°C, both ecotypes presented characteristic morphological traits of low temperature growth acclimation such as reduced rosette diameter, increased number of leaves, modifications of their CW composition and cuticle reinforcement. 28818374 6 6 theme composition 1086:1096 arg1 reinforcement 1110:1122 cuticle reinforcement 1102:1122 cuticle reinforcement 1102:1122 At 15°C, both ecotypes presented characteristic morphological traits of low temperature growth acclimation such as reduced rosette diameter, increased number of leaves, modifications of their CW composition and cuticle reinforcement. 28818374 2 7 from plant 312:316 arg1 particular 366:375 particular 366:375 particular 366:375 Arabidopsis thaliana is a model plant adapted to various environmental conditions, in particular able to develop along an altitudinal gradient. 28818374 3 8 dep Col 448:450 arg1 growing 453:459 growing 453:459 growing at low altitude 453:475 Two ecotypes, Columbia (Col) growing at low altitude, and Shahdara (Sha) growing at 3400m, have been studied at optimal and sub-optimal growth temperature (22°C vs 15°C). 28818374 4 9 theme micro-phenotyping 606:622 arg1 analyses 651:658 Macro- and micro-phenotyping, cell wall monosaccharides analyses 595:658 analyses 651:658 Macro- and micro-phenotyping, cell wall monosaccharides analyses, cell wall proteomics, and transcriptomics have been performed in order to accomplish an integrative analysis. 28818374 7 10 theme wall 1249:1252 arg1 modifications 1254:1266 the cell wall modifications 1240:1266 the cell wall modifications observed during the temperature acclimation response 1240:1319 Altogether, the integrative analysis has allowed identifying several candidate genes/proteins possibly involved in the cell wall modifications observed during the temperature acclimation response. 28818374 5 11 theme environmental 868:880 arg1 changes 882:888 environmental changes 868:888 environmental changes 868:888 The analysis has been focused on cell walls (CWs) which are assumed to play roles in response to environmental changes. 28818374 6 12 theme growth 979:984 arg1 acclimation 986:996 low temperature growth acclimation 963:996 low temperature growth acclimation 963:996 At 15°C, both ecotypes presented characteristic morphological traits of low temperature growth acclimation such as reduced rosette diameter, increased number of leaves, modifications of their CW composition and cuticle reinforcement. 28818374 6 13 theme acclimation 986:996 arg1 modifications 1060:1072 modifications 1060:1072 modifications of their CW composition 1060:1096 At 15°C, both ecotypes presented characteristic morphological traits of low temperature growth acclimation such as reduced rosette diameter, increased number of leaves, modifications of their CW composition and cuticle reinforcement. 28818374 6 13 theme acclimation 986:996 arg1 diameter 1022:1029 reduced rosette diameter 1006:1029 reduced rosette diameter 1006:1029 At 15°C, both ecotypes presented characteristic morphological traits of low temperature growth acclimation such as reduced rosette diameter, increased number of leaves, modifications of their CW composition and cuticle reinforcement. 28818374 6 13 theme acclimation 986:996 arg1 number 1042:1047 increased number 1032:1047 increased number of leaves 1032:1057 At 15°C, both ecotypes presented characteristic morphological traits of low temperature growth acclimation such as reduced rosette diameter, increased number of leaves, modifications of their CW composition and cuticle reinforcement. 28818374 6 13 theme acclimation 986:996 arg1 traits 953:958 characteristic morphological traits 924:958 characteristic morphological traits of low temperature growth acclimation such as reduced rosette diameter, increased number of leaves, modifications of their CW composition and cuticle reinforcement 924:1122 At 15°C, both ecotypes presented characteristic morphological traits of low temperature growth acclimation such as reduced rosette diameter, increased number of leaves, modifications of their CW composition and cuticle reinforcement. 28818374 6 13 theme acclimation 986:996 arg1 reinforcement 1110:1122 cuticle reinforcement 1102:1122 cuticle reinforcement 1102:1122 At 15°C, both ecotypes presented characteristic morphological traits of low temperature growth acclimation such as reduced rosette diameter, increased number of leaves, modifications of their CW composition and cuticle reinforcement. 28818374 0 14 theme wall 5:8 arg1 modifications 10:22 Cell wall modifications 0:22 Cell wall modifications of two Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes, Col and Sha, in response to sub-optimal growth conditions 0:118 Cell wall modifications of two Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes, Col and Sha, in response to sub-optimal growth conditions: An integrative study. 28818374 7 15 theme several 1186:1192 arg1 genes/proteins 1204:1217 several candidate genes/proteins 1186:1217 several candidate genes/proteins possibly involved in the cell wall modifications observed during the temperature acclimation response 1186:1319 Altogether, the integrative analysis has allowed identifying several candidate genes/proteins possibly involved in the cell wall modifications observed during the temperature acclimation response. 28818374 4 16 theme cell 661:664 arg1 proteomics 671:680 cell wall proteomics 661:680 cell wall proteomics 661:680 Macro- and micro-phenotyping, cell wall monosaccharides analyses, cell wall proteomics, and transcriptomics have been performed in order to accomplish an integrative analysis. 28818374 1 17 theme global 152:157 arg1 change 171:176 the global temperature change 148:176 the global temperature change 148:176 With the global temperature change, plant adaptations are predicted, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying them. 28818374 0 18 theme Cell 0:3 arg1 modifications 10:22 Cell wall modifications 0:22 Cell wall modifications of two Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes, Col and Sha, in response to sub-optimal growth conditions 0:118 Cell wall modifications of two Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes, Col and Sha, in response to sub-optimal growth conditions: An integrative study. 28818374 2 19 theme Arabidopsis 280:290 arg1 plant 312:316 a model plant 304:316 a model plant adapted to various environmental conditions 304:360 Arabidopsis thaliana is a model plant adapted to various environmental conditions, in particular able to develop along an altitudinal gradient. 28818374 2 19 theme Arabidopsis 280:290 arg1 thaliana 292:299 Arabidopsis thaliana 280:299 Arabidopsis thaliana 280:299 Arabidopsis thaliana is a model plant adapted to various environmental conditions, in particular able to develop along an altitudinal gradient. 28818374 1 20 theme temperature 159:169 arg1 change 171:176 the global temperature change 148:176 the global temperature change 148:176 With the global temperature change, plant adaptations are predicted, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying them. 28818374 2 21 theme altitudinal 402:412 arg1 gradient 414:421 an altitudinal gradient 399:421 an altitudinal gradient 399:421 Arabidopsis thaliana is a model plant adapted to various environmental conditions, in particular able to develop along an altitudinal gradient. 28818374 1 22 theme molecular 242:250 arg1 mechanisms 252:261 the molecular mechanisms 238:261 the molecular mechanisms underlying them 238:277 With the global temperature change, plant adaptations are predicted, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying them. 28818374 0 23 theme growth 102:107 arg1 conditions 109:118 sub-optimal growth conditions 90:118 sub-optimal growth conditions 90:118 Cell wall modifications of two Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes, Col and Sha, in response to sub-optimal growth conditions: An integrative study. 28818374 7 24 theme acclimation 1300:1310 arg1 response 1312:1319 the temperature acclimation response 1284:1319 the temperature acclimation response 1284:1319 Altogether, the integrative analysis has allowed identifying several candidate genes/proteins possibly involved in the cell wall modifications observed during the temperature acclimation response. 28818374 6 25 theme low 963:965 arg1 acclimation 986:996 low temperature growth acclimation 963:996 low temperature growth acclimation 963:996 At 15°C, both ecotypes presented characteristic morphological traits of low temperature growth acclimation such as reduced rosette diameter, increased number of leaves, modifications of their CW composition and cuticle reinforcement. 28818374 0 26 theme sub-optimal 90:100 arg1 conditions 109:118 sub-optimal growth conditions 90:118 sub-optimal growth conditions 90:118 Cell wall modifications of two Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes, Col and Sha, in response to sub-optimal growth conditions: An integrative study. 28818374 4 27 theme wall 666:669 arg1 proteomics 671:680 cell wall proteomics 661:680 cell wall proteomics 661:680 Macro- and micro-phenotyping, cell wall monosaccharides analyses, cell wall proteomics, and transcriptomics have been performed in order to accomplish an integrative analysis. 28818374 5 28 theme cell 804:807 arg1 CWs 816:818 CWs 816:818 CWs 816:818 The analysis has been focused on cell walls (CWs) which are assumed to play roles in response to environmental changes. 28818374 5 28 theme cell 804:807 arg1 walls 809:813 cell walls 804:813 cell walls (CWs) which are assumed to play roles in response to environmental changes 804:888 The analysis has been focused on cell walls (CWs) which are assumed to play roles in response to environmental changes. 28818374 0 29 theme Arabidopsis 31:41 arg1 Sha 70:72 Sha 70:72 Sha 70:72 Cell wall modifications of two Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes, Col and Sha, in response to sub-optimal growth conditions: An integrative study. 28818374 0 29 theme Arabidopsis 31:41 arg1 Col 62:64 Col 62:64 Col 62:64 Cell wall modifications of two Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes, Col and Sha, in response to sub-optimal growth conditions: An integrative study. 28818374 0 29 theme Arabidopsis 31:41 arg1 ecotypes 52:59 two Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes 27:59 two Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes 27:59 Cell wall modifications of two Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes, Col and Sha, in response to sub-optimal growth conditions: An integrative study. 28818374 0 30 dep study 136:140 arg1 modifications 10:22 Cell wall modifications 0:22 Cell wall modifications of two Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes, Col and Sha, in response to sub-optimal growth conditions 0:118 Cell wall modifications of two Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes, Col and Sha, in response to sub-optimal growth conditions: An integrative study. 28818374 6 31 theme temperature 967:977 arg1 acclimation 986:996 low temperature growth acclimation 963:996 low temperature growth acclimation 963:996 At 15°C, both ecotypes presented characteristic morphological traits of low temperature growth acclimation such as reduced rosette diameter, increased number of leaves, modifications of their CW composition and cuticle reinforcement. 28818374 1 32 theme plant 179:183 arg1 adaptations 185:195 plant adaptations 179:195 plant adaptations 179:195 With the global temperature change, plant adaptations are predicted, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying them. 28818374 0 33 mod modifications 10:22 arg3 Cell 0:3 Cell wall modifications 0:22 Cell wall modifications of two Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes, Col and Sha, in response to sub-optimal growth conditions 0:118 Cell wall modifications of two Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes, Col and Sha, in response to sub-optimal growth conditions: An integrative study. 28818374 0 33 mod modifications 10:22 arg1 Sha 70:72 Sha 70:72 Sha 70:72 Cell wall modifications of two Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes, Col and Sha, in response to sub-optimal growth conditions: An integrative study. 28818374 0 33 mod modifications 10:22 arg3 wall 5:8 Cell wall modifications 0:22 Cell wall modifications of two Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes, Col and Sha, in response to sub-optimal growth conditions 0:118 Cell wall modifications of two Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes, Col and Sha, in response to sub-optimal growth conditions: An integrative study. 28818374 0 33 mod modifications 10:22 arg1 Col 62:64 Col 62:64 Col 62:64 Cell wall modifications of two Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes, Col and Sha, in response to sub-optimal growth conditions: An integrative study. 28818374 0 33 mod modifications 10:22 arg1 ecotypes 52:59 two Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes 27:59 two Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes 27:59 Cell wall modifications of two Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes, Col and Sha, in response to sub-optimal growth conditions: An integrative study. 28818374 3 34 theme growth 560:565 arg1 temperature 567:577 optimal and sub-optimal growth temperature 536:577 optimal and sub-optimal growth temperature (22°C vs 15°C) 536:592 Two ecotypes, Columbia (Col) growing at low altitude, and Shahdara (Sha) growing at 3400m, have been studied at optimal and sub-optimal growth temperature (22°C vs 15°C). 28818374 6 35 theme morphological 939:951 arg1 modifications 1060:1072 modifications 1060:1072 modifications of their CW composition 1060:1096 At 15°C, both ecotypes presented characteristic morphological traits of low temperature growth acclimation such as reduced rosette diameter, increased number of leaves, modifications of their CW composition and cuticle reinforcement. 28818374 6 35 theme morphological 939:951 arg1 diameter 1022:1029 reduced rosette diameter 1006:1029 reduced rosette diameter 1006:1029 At 15°C, both ecotypes presented characteristic morphological traits of low temperature growth acclimation such as reduced rosette diameter, increased number of leaves, modifications of their CW composition and cuticle reinforcement. 28818374 6 35 theme morphological 939:951 arg1 number 1042:1047 increased number 1032:1047 increased number of leaves 1032:1057 At 15°C, both ecotypes presented characteristic morphological traits of low temperature growth acclimation such as reduced rosette diameter, increased number of leaves, modifications of their CW composition and cuticle reinforcement. 28818374 6 35 theme morphological 939:951 arg1 traits 953:958 characteristic morphological traits 924:958 characteristic morphological traits of low temperature growth acclimation such as reduced rosette diameter, increased number of leaves, modifications of their CW composition and cuticle reinforcement 924:1122 At 15°C, both ecotypes presented characteristic morphological traits of low temperature growth acclimation such as reduced rosette diameter, increased number of leaves, modifications of their CW composition and cuticle reinforcement. 28818374 6 35 theme morphological 939:951 arg1 reinforcement 1110:1122 cuticle reinforcement 1102:1122 cuticle reinforcement 1102:1122 At 15°C, both ecotypes presented characteristic morphological traits of low temperature growth acclimation such as reduced rosette diameter, increased number of leaves, modifications of their CW composition and cuticle reinforcement. 28818374 0 36 theme ecotypes 52:59 arg1 modifications 10:22 Cell wall modifications 0:22 Cell wall modifications of two Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes, Col and Sha, in response to sub-optimal growth conditions 0:118 Cell wall modifications of two Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes, Col and Sha, in response to sub-optimal growth conditions: An integrative study. 28818374 0 37 theme integrative 124:134 arg1 study 136:140 An integrative study 121:140 An integrative study 121:140 Cell wall modifications of two Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes, Col and Sha, in response to sub-optimal growth conditions: An integrative study. 28818374 4 38 theme integrative 749:759 arg1 analysis 761:768 an integrative analysis 746:768 an integrative analysis 746:768 Macro- and micro-phenotyping, cell wall monosaccharides analyses, cell wall proteomics, and transcriptomics have been performed in order to accomplish an integrative analysis. 28818374 4 39 theme wall 630:633 arg1 monosaccharides 635:649 cell wall monosaccharides 625:649 cell wall monosaccharides 625:649 Macro- and micro-phenotyping, cell wall monosaccharides analyses, cell wall proteomics, and transcriptomics have been performed in order to accomplish an integrative analysis. 28818374 0 40 theme thaliana 43:50 arg1 Sha 70:72 Sha 70:72 Sha 70:72 Cell wall modifications of two Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes, Col and Sha, in response to sub-optimal growth conditions: An integrative study. 28818374 0 40 theme thaliana 43:50 arg1 Col 62:64 Col 62:64 Col 62:64 Cell wall modifications of two Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes, Col and Sha, in response to sub-optimal growth conditions: An integrative study. 28818374 0 40 theme thaliana 43:50 arg1 ecotypes 52:59 two Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes 27:59 two Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes 27:59 Cell wall modifications of two Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes, Col and Sha, in response to sub-optimal growth conditions: An integrative study. 28818374 2 41 theme model 306:310 arg1 plant 312:316 a model plant 304:316 a model plant adapted to various environmental conditions 304:360 Arabidopsis thaliana is a model plant adapted to various environmental conditions, in particular able to develop along an altitudinal gradient. 28818374 2 41 theme model 306:310 arg1 thaliana 292:299 Arabidopsis thaliana 280:299 Arabidopsis thaliana 280:299 Arabidopsis thaliana is a model plant adapted to various environmental conditions, in particular able to develop along an altitudinal gradient. 28818374 6 42 theme cuticle 1102:1108 arg1 reinforcement 1110:1122 cuticle reinforcement 1102:1122 cuticle reinforcement 1102:1122 At 15°C, both ecotypes presented characteristic morphological traits of low temperature growth acclimation such as reduced rosette diameter, increased number of leaves, modifications of their CW composition and cuticle reinforcement. 28818374 6 43 theme increased 1032:1040 arg1 number 1042:1047 increased number 1032:1047 increased number of leaves 1032:1057 At 15°C, both ecotypes presented characteristic morphological traits of low temperature growth acclimation such as reduced rosette diameter, increased number of leaves, modifications of their CW composition and cuticle reinforcement. 28818374 6 44 theme characteristic 924:937 arg1 modifications 1060:1072 modifications 1060:1072 modifications of their CW composition 1060:1096 At 15°C, both ecotypes presented characteristic morphological traits of low temperature growth acclimation such as reduced rosette diameter, increased number of leaves, modifications of their CW composition and cuticle reinforcement. 28818374 6 44 theme characteristic 924:937 arg1 diameter 1022:1029 reduced rosette diameter 1006:1029 reduced rosette diameter 1006:1029 At 15°C, both ecotypes presented characteristic morphological traits of low temperature growth acclimation such as reduced rosette diameter, increased number of leaves, modifications of their CW composition and cuticle reinforcement. 28818374 6 44 theme characteristic 924:937 arg1 number 1042:1047 increased number 1032:1047 increased number of leaves 1032:1057 At 15°C, both ecotypes presented characteristic morphological traits of low temperature growth acclimation such as reduced rosette diameter, increased number of leaves, modifications of their CW composition and cuticle reinforcement. 28818374 6 44 theme characteristic 924:937 arg1 traits 953:958 characteristic morphological traits 924:958 characteristic morphological traits of low temperature growth acclimation such as reduced rosette diameter, increased number of leaves, modifications of their CW composition and cuticle reinforcement 924:1122 At 15°C, both ecotypes presented characteristic morphological traits of low temperature growth acclimation such as reduced rosette diameter, increased number of leaves, modifications of their CW composition and cuticle reinforcement. 28818374 6 44 theme characteristic 924:937 arg1 reinforcement 1110:1122 cuticle reinforcement 1102:1122 cuticle reinforcement 1102:1122 At 15°C, both ecotypes presented characteristic morphological traits of low temperature growth acclimation such as reduced rosette diameter, increased number of leaves, modifications of their CW composition and cuticle reinforcement. 28818374 3 45 theme sub-optimal 548:558 arg1 temperature 567:577 optimal and sub-optimal growth temperature 536:577 optimal and sub-optimal growth temperature (22°C vs 15°C) 536:592 Two ecotypes, Columbia (Col) growing at low altitude, and Shahdara (Sha) growing at 3400m, have been studied at optimal and sub-optimal growth temperature (22°C vs 15°C). 28818374 4 46 theme Macro- 595:600 arg1 analyses 651:658 Macro- and micro-phenotyping, cell wall monosaccharides analyses 595:658 analyses 651:658 Macro- and micro-phenotyping, cell wall monosaccharides analyses, cell wall proteomics, and transcriptomics have been performed in order to accomplish an integrative analysis. 28818374 3 47 dep temperature 567:577 arg1 15°C 588:591 15°C 588:591 15°C 588:591 Two ecotypes, Columbia (Col) growing at low altitude, and Shahdara (Sha) growing at 3400m, have been studied at optimal and sub-optimal growth temperature (22°C vs 15°C). 28818374 3 47 dep temperature 567:577 arg1 22°C 580:583 22°C 580:583 22°C 580:583 Two ecotypes, Columbia (Col) growing at low altitude, and Shahdara (Sha) growing at 3400m, have been studied at optimal and sub-optimal growth temperature (22°C vs 15°C). 28818374 7 48 theme integrative 1141:1151 arg1 analysis 1153:1160 the integrative analysis 1137:1160 the integrative analysis 1137:1160 Altogether, the integrative analysis has allowed identifying several candidate genes/proteins possibly involved in the cell wall modifications observed during the temperature acclimation response. 28818374 6 49 theme rosette 1014:1020 arg1 diameter 1022:1029 reduced rosette diameter 1006:1029 reduced rosette diameter 1006:1029 At 15°C, both ecotypes presented characteristic morphological traits of low temperature growth acclimation such as reduced rosette diameter, increased number of leaves, modifications of their CW composition and cuticle reinforcement. 28818374 7 50 theme temperature 1288:1298 arg1 response 1312:1319 the temperature acclimation response 1284:1319 the temperature acclimation response 1284:1319 Altogether, the integrative analysis has allowed identifying several candidate genes/proteins possibly involved in the cell wall modifications observed during the temperature acclimation response. 28818374 7 51 theme cell 1244:1247 arg1 modifications 1254:1266 the cell wall modifications 1240:1266 the cell wall modifications observed during the temperature acclimation response 1240:1319 Altogether, the integrative analysis has allowed identifying several candidate genes/proteins possibly involved in the cell wall modifications observed during the temperature acclimation response. 28818374 2 52 theme environmental 337:349 arg1 conditions 351:360 various environmental conditions 329:360 various environmental conditions 329:360 Arabidopsis thaliana is a model plant adapted to various environmental conditions, in particular able to develop along an altitudinal gradient. 28818374 6 53 theme CW 1083:1084 arg1 composition 1086:1096 their CW composition 1077:1096 their CW composition 1077:1096 At 15°C, both ecotypes presented characteristic morphological traits of low temperature growth acclimation such as reduced rosette diameter, increased number of leaves, modifications of their CW composition and cuticle reinforcement. 28818374 3 54 theme optimal 536:542 arg1 temperature 567:577 optimal and sub-optimal growth temperature 536:577 optimal and sub-optimal growth temperature (22°C vs 15°C) 536:592 Two ecotypes, Columbia (Col) growing at low altitude, and Shahdara (Sha) growing at 3400m, have been studied at optimal and sub-optimal growth temperature (22°C vs 15°C). 28818374 7 55 theme candidate 1194:1202 arg1 genes/proteins 1204:1217 several candidate genes/proteins 1186:1217 several candidate genes/proteins possibly involved in the cell wall modifications observed during the temperature acclimation response 1186:1319 Altogether, the integrative analysis has allowed identifying several candidate genes/proteins possibly involved in the cell wall modifications observed during the temperature acclimation response. 28818374 2 56 theme various 329:335 arg1 conditions 351:360 various environmental conditions 329:360 various environmental conditions 329:360 Arabidopsis thaliana is a model plant adapted to various environmental conditions, in particular able to develop along an altitudinal gradient. 28818374 4 57 theme cell 625:628 arg1 monosaccharides 635:649 cell wall monosaccharides 625:649 cell wall monosaccharides 625:649 Macro- and micro-phenotyping, cell wall monosaccharides analyses, cell wall proteomics, and transcriptomics have been performed in order to accomplish an integrative analysis. 27637448 3 0 theme thermo 611:616 arg1 analysis 630:637 thermo gravimetric analysis 611:637 thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) 611:643 The BC/SiO2 translucent sheets were examined by dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27637448 3 0 theme thermo 611:616 arg1 TGA 640:642 TGA 640:642 TGA 640:642 The BC/SiO2 translucent sheets were examined by dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27637448 4 1 theme tan 754:756 arg1 delta 758:762 tan delta 754:762 tan delta 754:762 The temperature dependence of the storage modulus, loss modulus and tan delta was determined by DMA. 27637448 7 2 theme aspect 1098:1103 arg1 This 1077:1080 This 1077:1080 This 1077:1080 This would be a high aspect ratio of BC capable of connecting the BC matrix and SiO2, thereby enhancing a large contact surface and resulting in excellent coherence. 27637448 7 2 theme aspect 1098:1103 arg1 ratio 1105:1109 a high aspect ratio 1091:1109 a high aspect ratio of BC capable of connecting the BC matrix and SiO2 1091:1160 This would be a high aspect ratio of BC capable of connecting the BC matrix and SiO2, thereby enhancing a large contact surface and resulting in excellent coherence. 27637448 0 3 theme thermal 86:92 arg1 properties 94:103 Dynamic-mechanical and thermal properties 63:103 Dynamic-mechanical and thermal properties 63:103 Bacterial cellulose composites loaded with SiO2 nanoparticles: Dynamic-mechanical and thermal properties. 27637448 11 4 theme TGA 1620:1622 arg1 curves 1624:1629 TGA curves 1620:1629 TGA curves 1620:1629 TGA curves showed that the temperature of decomposition of the pure BC gradually shifted from about 260°C to about 370°C as silica content increased. 27637448 1 5 theme bacterial 157:165 arg1 BC 178:179 BC 178:179 BC 178:179 The aim of this paper was to prepare composites of bacterial cellulose (BC) filled with silica (SiO2) nanoparticles to evaluate the influence of the SiO2 contents (3, 5 and 7wt%) on the thermo-mechanical properties of the composites. 27637448 1 5 theme bacterial 157:165 arg1 cellulose 167:175 bacterial cellulose 157:175 bacterial cellulose (BC) filled with silica (SiO2) nanoparticles 157:220 The aim of this paper was to prepare composites of bacterial cellulose (BC) filled with silica (SiO2) nanoparticles to evaluate the influence of the SiO2 contents (3, 5 and 7wt%) on the thermo-mechanical properties of the composites. 27637448 8 6 theme composites 1353:1362 arg1 softening 1336:1344 softening 1336:1344 softening of the composites 1336:1362 A decrease of the storage modulus was consistent with increasing temperature, resulting from softening of the composites. 27637448 13 7 theme BC/SiO2 1978:1984 arg1 synthesis 1941:1949 successful synthesis 1930:1949 successful synthesis 1930:1949 Overall, the results indicated that the successful synthesis and superior properties of BC/SiO2 advocate its effectiveness for various applications. 27637448 13 7 theme BC/SiO2 1978:1984 arg1 properties 1964:1973 superior properties 1955:1973 superior properties 1955:1973 Overall, the results indicated that the successful synthesis and superior properties of BC/SiO2 advocate its effectiveness for various applications. 27637448 5 8 theme thermal 862:868 arg1 stability 870:878 thermal stability 862:878 thermal stability 862:878 In general, the results revealed that the increment of storage modulus and thermal stability increased concomitantly with the augmentation of SiO2 content. 27637448 10 9 theme BC/SiO2 1544:1550 arg1 composites 1552:1561 all BC/SiO2 composites 1540:1561 all BC/SiO2 composites 1540:1561 On the other hand, the thermal stabilities of all BC/SiO2 composites were remarkably enhanced as compared to the pristine BC. 27637448 13 10 theme successful 1930:1939 arg1 synthesis 1941:1949 successful synthesis 1930:1949 successful synthesis 1930:1949 Overall, the results indicated that the successful synthesis and superior properties of BC/SiO2 advocate its effectiveness for various applications. 27637448 4 11 theme delta 758:762 arg1 dependence 702:711 The temperature dependence 686:711 The temperature dependence of the storage modulus, loss modulus and tan delta 686:762 The temperature dependence of the storage modulus, loss modulus and tan delta was determined by DMA. 27637448 13 12 theme superior 1955:1962 arg1 properties 1964:1973 superior properties 1955:1973 superior properties 1955:1973 Overall, the results indicated that the successful synthesis and superior properties of BC/SiO2 advocate its effectiveness for various applications. 27637448 9 13 theme composites 1392:1401 arg1 modulus 1377:1383 The storage modulus 1365:1383 The storage modulus of the composites 1365:1401 The storage modulus of the composites increased in the order: BC/S7>BC/S5>BC/S3, while the loss modulus and tan delta decreased. 27637448 10 14 theme thermal 1517:1523 arg1 stabilities 1525:1535 the thermal stabilities 1513:1535 the thermal stabilities of all BC/SiO2 composites 1513:1561 On the other hand, the thermal stabilities of all BC/SiO2 composites were remarkably enhanced as compared to the pristine BC. 27637448 1 15 theme thermo-mechanical 292:308 arg1 properties 310:319 the thermo-mechanical properties 288:319 the thermo-mechanical properties of the composites 288:337 The aim of this paper was to prepare composites of bacterial cellulose (BC) filled with silica (SiO2) nanoparticles to evaluate the influence of the SiO2 contents (3, 5 and 7wt%) on the thermo-mechanical properties of the composites. 27637448 2 16 attach derived 400:406 arg1 TEOS 432:435 TEOS 432:435 TEOS 432:435 BC hydro-gel was immersed in an aqueous solution of silanol derived from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), the silanol was then converted into SiO2 in the BC matrix by pressing at 120°C and 2MPa. 27637448 2 16 attach derived 400:406 arg2 silanol 392:398 silanol 392:398 silanol derived from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) 392:436 BC hydro-gel was immersed in an aqueous solution of silanol derived from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), the silanol was then converted into SiO2 in the BC matrix by pressing at 120°C and 2MPa. 27637448 2 16 attach derived 400:406 arg1 tetraethoxysilane 413:429 tetraethoxysilane 413:429 tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) 413:436 BC hydro-gel was immersed in an aqueous solution of silanol derived from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), the silanol was then converted into SiO2 in the BC matrix by pressing at 120°C and 2MPa. 27637448 5 17 theme storage 842:848 arg1 modulus 850:856 storage modulus 842:856 storage modulus 842:856 In general, the results revealed that the increment of storage modulus and thermal stability increased concomitantly with the augmentation of SiO2 content. 27637448 7 18 theme large 1183:1187 arg1 surface 1197:1203 a large contact surface 1181:1203 a large contact surface 1181:1203 This would be a high aspect ratio of BC capable of connecting the BC matrix and SiO2, thereby enhancing a large contact surface and resulting in excellent coherence. 27637448 1 19 theme cellulose 167:175 arg1 composites 143:152 composites 143:152 composites of bacterial cellulose (BC) filled with silica (SiO2) nanoparticles 143:220 The aim of this paper was to prepare composites of bacterial cellulose (BC) filled with silica (SiO2) nanoparticles to evaluate the influence of the SiO2 contents (3, 5 and 7wt%) on the thermo-mechanical properties of the composites. 27637448 1 19 theme cellulose 167:175 arg1 cellulose 167:175 bacterial cellulose 157:175 bacterial cellulose (BC) filled with silica (SiO2) nanoparticles 157:220 The aim of this paper was to prepare composites of bacterial cellulose (BC) filled with silica (SiO2) nanoparticles to evaluate the influence of the SiO2 contents (3, 5 and 7wt%) on the thermo-mechanical properties of the composites. 27637448 3 20 theme gravimetric 618:628 arg1 analysis 630:637 thermo gravimetric analysis 611:637 thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) 611:643 The BC/SiO2 translucent sheets were examined by dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27637448 3 20 theme gravimetric 618:628 arg1 TGA 640:642 TGA 640:642 TGA 640:642 The BC/SiO2 translucent sheets were examined by dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27637448 4 21 theme modulus 728:734 arg1 dependence 702:711 The temperature dependence 686:711 The temperature dependence of the storage modulus, loss modulus and tan delta 686:762 The temperature dependence of the storage modulus, loss modulus and tan delta was determined by DMA. 27637448 5 22 theme modulus 850:856 arg1 increment 829:837 the increment 825:837 the increment of storage modulus and thermal stability 825:878 In general, the results revealed that the increment of storage modulus and thermal stability increased concomitantly with the augmentation of SiO2 content. 27637448 0 23 theme cellulose 10:18 arg1 composites 20:29 Bacterial cellulose composites 0:29 Bacterial cellulose composites 0:29 Bacterial cellulose composites loaded with SiO2 nanoparticles: Dynamic-mechanical and thermal properties. 27637448 4 24 theme modulus 742:748 arg1 dependence 702:711 The temperature dependence 686:711 The temperature dependence of the storage modulus, loss modulus and tan delta 686:762 The temperature dependence of the storage modulus, loss modulus and tan delta was determined by DMA. 27637448 5 25 theme stability 870:878 arg1 increment 829:837 the increment 825:837 the increment of storage modulus and thermal stability 825:878 In general, the results revealed that the increment of storage modulus and thermal stability increased concomitantly with the augmentation of SiO2 content. 27637448 11 26 theme silica 1744:1749 arg1 content 1751:1757 silica content 1744:1757 silica content 1744:1757 TGA curves showed that the temperature of decomposition of the pure BC gradually shifted from about 260°C to about 370°C as silica content increased. 27637448 0 27 theme Bacterial 0:8 arg1 composites 20:29 Bacterial cellulose composites 0:29 Bacterial cellulose composites 0:29 Bacterial cellulose composites loaded with SiO2 nanoparticles: Dynamic-mechanical and thermal properties. 27637448 6 28 theme silica 1069:1074 arg1 amounts 1053:1059 high amounts 1048:1059 high amounts of nano silica 1048:1074 Therefore, it could be concluded that the mechanical properties of the composites were improved by using high amounts of nano silica. 27637448 6 28 theme silica 1069:1074 arg1 silica 1069:1074 nano silica 1064:1074 nano silica 1064:1074 Therefore, it could be concluded that the mechanical properties of the composites were improved by using high amounts of nano silica. 27637448 4 29 theme loss 737:740 arg1 modulus 742:748 loss modulus 737:748 loss modulus 737:748 The temperature dependence of the storage modulus, loss modulus and tan delta was determined by DMA. 27637448 9 30 theme order 1420:1424 arg1 BC/S7>BC/S5>BC/S3 1427:1443 the order: BC/S7>BC/S5>BC/S3 1416:1443 the order: BC/S7>BC/S5>BC/S3 1416:1443 The storage modulus of the composites increased in the order: BC/S7>BC/S5>BC/S3, while the loss modulus and tan delta decreased. 27637448 7 31 theme BC 1143:1144 arg1 matrix 1146:1151 the BC matrix 1139:1151 the BC matrix 1139:1151 This would be a high aspect ratio of BC capable of connecting the BC matrix and SiO2, thereby enhancing a large contact surface and resulting in excellent coherence. 27637448 9 32 theme storage 1369:1375 arg1 modulus 1377:1383 The storage modulus 1365:1383 The storage modulus of the composites 1365:1401 The storage modulus of the composites increased in the order: BC/S7>BC/S5>BC/S3, while the loss modulus and tan delta decreased. 27637448 2 33 theme aqueous 372:378 arg1 solution 380:387 an aqueous solution 369:387 an aqueous solution of silanol derived from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) 369:436 BC hydro-gel was immersed in an aqueous solution of silanol derived from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), the silanol was then converted into SiO2 in the BC matrix by pressing at 120°C and 2MPa. 27637448 3 34 theme scanning 650:657 arg1 microscopy 668:677 scanning electron microscopy 650:677 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 650:683 The BC/SiO2 translucent sheets were examined by dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27637448 3 34 theme scanning 650:657 arg1 SEM 680:682 SEM 680:682 SEM 680:682 The BC/SiO2 translucent sheets were examined by dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27637448 1 35 from influence 238:246 arg1 properties 310:319 the thermo-mechanical properties 288:319 the thermo-mechanical properties of the composites 288:337 The aim of this paper was to prepare composites of bacterial cellulose (BC) filled with silica (SiO2) nanoparticles to evaluate the influence of the SiO2 contents (3, 5 and 7wt%) on the thermo-mechanical properties of the composites. 27637448 9 36 theme loss 1456:1459 arg1 modulus 1461:1467 the loss modulus 1452:1467 the loss modulus 1452:1467 The storage modulus of the composites increased in the order: BC/S7>BC/S5>BC/S3, while the loss modulus and tan delta decreased. 27637448 10 37 theme pristine 1607:1614 arg1 BC 1616:1617 the pristine BC 1603:1617 the pristine BC 1603:1617 On the other hand, the thermal stabilities of all BC/SiO2 composites were remarkably enhanced as compared to the pristine BC. 27637448 12 38 theme nano-scale 1808:1817 arg1 embedded 1828:1835 embedded 1828:1835 embedded 1828:1835 SEM observations illustrated that the nano-scale SiO2 was embedded between the voids and nano-fibrils of the BC matrix. 27637448 12 38 theme nano-scale 1808:1817 arg1 SiO2 1819:1822 the nano-scale SiO2 1804:1822 the nano-scale SiO2 1804:1822 SEM observations illustrated that the nano-scale SiO2 was embedded between the voids and nano-fibrils of the BC matrix. 27637448 1 39 theme contents 260:267 arg1 influence 238:246 the influence 234:246 the influence of the SiO2 contents (3, 5 and 7wt%) on the thermo-mechanical properties of the composites 234:337 The aim of this paper was to prepare composites of bacterial cellulose (BC) filled with silica (SiO2) nanoparticles to evaluate the influence of the SiO2 contents (3, 5 and 7wt%) on the thermo-mechanical properties of the composites. 27637448 6 40 theme high 1048:1051 arg1 amounts 1053:1059 high amounts 1048:1059 high amounts of nano silica 1048:1074 Therefore, it could be concluded that the mechanical properties of the composites were improved by using high amounts of nano silica. 27637448 6 40 theme high 1048:1051 arg1 silica 1069:1074 nano silica 1064:1074 nano silica 1064:1074 Therefore, it could be concluded that the mechanical properties of the composites were improved by using high amounts of nano silica. 27637448 6 41 theme composites 1014:1023 arg1 properties 996:1005 the mechanical properties 981:1005 the mechanical properties of the composites 981:1023 Therefore, it could be concluded that the mechanical properties of the composites were improved by using high amounts of nano silica. 27637448 12 42 theme BC 1879:1880 arg1 matrix 1882:1887 the BC matrix 1875:1887 the BC matrix 1875:1887 SEM observations illustrated that the nano-scale SiO2 was embedded between the voids and nano-fibrils of the BC matrix. 27637448 0 43 theme SiO2 43:46 arg1 nanoparticles 48:60 SiO2 nanoparticles 43:60 SiO2 nanoparticles 43:60 Bacterial cellulose composites loaded with SiO2 nanoparticles: Dynamic-mechanical and thermal properties. 27637448 11 44 theme BC 1688:1689 arg1 decomposition 1662:1674 decomposition 1662:1674 decomposition of the pure BC gradually shifted from about 260°C to about 370°C as silica content 1662:1757 TGA curves showed that the temperature of decomposition of the pure BC gradually shifted from about 260°C to about 370°C as silica content increased. 27637448 1 45 theme composites 328:337 arg1 properties 310:319 the thermo-mechanical properties 288:319 the thermo-mechanical properties of the composites 288:337 The aim of this paper was to prepare composites of bacterial cellulose (BC) filled with silica (SiO2) nanoparticles to evaluate the influence of the SiO2 contents (3, 5 and 7wt%) on the thermo-mechanical properties of the composites. 27637448 7 46 theme excellent 1222:1230 arg1 coherence 1232:1240 excellent coherence 1222:1240 excellent coherence 1222:1240 This would be a high aspect ratio of BC capable of connecting the BC matrix and SiO2, thereby enhancing a large contact surface and resulting in excellent coherence. 27637448 1 47 theme silica 194:199 arg1 nanoparticles 208:220 silica (SiO2) nanoparticles 194:220 silica (SiO2) nanoparticles 194:220 The aim of this paper was to prepare composites of bacterial cellulose (BC) filled with silica (SiO2) nanoparticles to evaluate the influence of the SiO2 contents (3, 5 and 7wt%) on the thermo-mechanical properties of the composites. 27637448 2 48 theme BC 340:341 arg1 hydro-gel 343:351 BC hydro-gel 340:351 BC hydro-gel 340:351 BC hydro-gel was immersed in an aqueous solution of silanol derived from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), the silanol was then converted into SiO2 in the BC matrix by pressing at 120°C and 2MPa. 27637448 3 49 theme translucent 540:550 arg1 sheets 552:557 The BC/SiO2 translucent sheets 528:557 The BC/SiO2 translucent sheets 528:557 The BC/SiO2 translucent sheets were examined by dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27637448 13 50 dep synthesis 1941:1949 arg1 the 1926:1928 the 1926:1928 the 1926:1928 Overall, the results indicated that the successful synthesis and superior properties of BC/SiO2 advocate its effectiveness for various applications. 27637448 9 51 theme tan 1473:1475 arg1 delta 1477:1481 tan delta 1473:1481 tan delta 1473:1481 The storage modulus of the composites increased in the order: BC/S7>BC/S5>BC/S3, while the loss modulus and tan delta decreased. 27637448 10 52 theme other 1501:1505 arg1 hand 1507:1510 the other hand 1497:1510 the other hand 1497:1510 On the other hand, the thermal stabilities of all BC/SiO2 composites were remarkably enhanced as compared to the pristine BC. 27637448 11 53 theme decomposition 1662:1674 arg1 temperature 1647:1657 the temperature 1643:1657 the temperature of decomposition of the pure BC gradually shifted from about 260°C to about 370°C as silica content 1643:1757 TGA curves showed that the temperature of decomposition of the pure BC gradually shifted from about 260°C to about 370°C as silica content increased. 27637448 1 54 theme SiO2 255:258 arg1 contents 260:267 the SiO2 contents 251:267 the SiO2 contents (3, 5 and 7wt%) 251:283 The aim of this paper was to prepare composites of bacterial cellulose (BC) filled with silica (SiO2) nanoparticles to evaluate the influence of the SiO2 contents (3, 5 and 7wt%) on the thermo-mechanical properties of the composites. 27637448 1 54 theme SiO2 255:258 arg1 % 282:282 3, 5 and 7wt% 270:282 3, 5 and 7wt% 270:282 The aim of this paper was to prepare composites of bacterial cellulose (BC) filled with silica (SiO2) nanoparticles to evaluate the influence of the SiO2 contents (3, 5 and 7wt%) on the thermo-mechanical properties of the composites. 27637448 4 55 theme storage 720:726 arg1 modulus 728:734 the storage modulus 716:734 the storage modulus 716:734 The temperature dependence of the storage modulus, loss modulus and tan delta was determined by DMA. 27637448 11 56 theme pure 1683:1686 arg1 BC 1688:1689 the pure BC 1679:1689 the pure BC gradually shifted from about 260°C to about 370°C as silica content 1679:1757 TGA curves showed that the temperature of decomposition of the pure BC gradually shifted from about 260°C to about 370°C as silica content increased. 27637448 2 57 theme silanol 392:398 arg1 solution 380:387 an aqueous solution 369:387 an aqueous solution of silanol derived from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) 369:436 BC hydro-gel was immersed in an aqueous solution of silanol derived from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), the silanol was then converted into SiO2 in the BC matrix by pressing at 120°C and 2MPa. 27637448 3 58 theme electron 659:666 arg1 microscopy 668:677 scanning electron microscopy 650:677 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 650:683 The BC/SiO2 translucent sheets were examined by dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27637448 3 58 theme electron 659:666 arg1 SEM 680:682 SEM 680:682 SEM 680:682 The BC/SiO2 translucent sheets were examined by dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27637448 8 59 theme modulus 1269:1275 arg1 decrease 1245:1252 A decrease 1243:1252 A decrease of the storage modulus 1243:1275 A decrease of the storage modulus was consistent with increasing temperature, resulting from softening of the composites. 27637448 8 59 theme modulus 1269:1275 arg1 consistent 1281:1290 consistent 1281:1290 consistent 1281:1290 A decrease of the storage modulus was consistent with increasing temperature, resulting from softening of the composites. 27637448 1 60 theme paper 122:126 arg1 aim 110:112 The aim 106:112 The aim of this paper 106:126 The aim of this paper was to prepare composites of bacterial cellulose (BC) filled with silica (SiO2) nanoparticles to evaluate the influence of the SiO2 contents (3, 5 and 7wt%) on the thermo-mechanical properties of the composites. 27637448 12 61 theme matrix 1882:1887 arg1 nano-fibrils 1859:1870 nano-fibrils 1859:1870 nano-fibrils 1859:1870 SEM observations illustrated that the nano-scale SiO2 was embedded between the voids and nano-fibrils of the BC matrix. 27637448 12 61 theme matrix 1882:1887 arg1 voids 1849:1853 voids 1849:1853 voids 1849:1853 SEM observations illustrated that the nano-scale SiO2 was embedded between the voids and nano-fibrils of the BC matrix. 27637448 7 62 theme contact 1189:1195 arg1 surface 1197:1203 a large contact surface 1181:1203 a large contact surface 1181:1203 This would be a high aspect ratio of BC capable of connecting the BC matrix and SiO2, thereby enhancing a large contact surface and resulting in excellent coherence. 27637448 2 63 theme BC 487:488 arg1 matrix 490:495 the BC matrix 483:495 the BC matrix 483:495 BC hydro-gel was immersed in an aqueous solution of silanol derived from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), the silanol was then converted into SiO2 in the BC matrix by pressing at 120°C and 2MPa. 27637448 5 64 theme SiO2 929:932 arg1 content 934:940 SiO2 content 929:940 SiO2 content 929:940 In general, the results revealed that the increment of storage modulus and thermal stability increased concomitantly with the augmentation of SiO2 content. 27637448 8 65 theme storage 1261:1267 arg1 modulus 1269:1275 the storage modulus 1257:1275 the storage modulus 1257:1275 A decrease of the storage modulus was consistent with increasing temperature, resulting from softening of the composites. 27637448 7 66 theme capable 1117:1123 arg1 BC 1114:1115 BC 1114:1115 BC capable of connecting the BC matrix and SiO2 1114:1160 This would be a high aspect ratio of BC capable of connecting the BC matrix and SiO2, thereby enhancing a large contact surface and resulting in excellent coherence. 27637448 12 67 dep voids 1849:1853 arg1 the 1845:1847 the 1845:1847 the 1845:1847 SEM observations illustrated that the nano-scale SiO2 was embedded between the voids and nano-fibrils of the BC matrix. 27637448 5 68 theme content 934:940 arg1 augmentation 913:924 the augmentation 909:924 the augmentation of SiO2 content 909:940 In general, the results revealed that the increment of storage modulus and thermal stability increased concomitantly with the augmentation of SiO2 content. 27637448 3 69 theme BC/SiO2 532:538 arg1 sheets 552:557 The BC/SiO2 translucent sheets 528:557 The BC/SiO2 translucent sheets 528:557 The BC/SiO2 translucent sheets were examined by dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27637448 6 70 theme mechanical 985:994 arg1 properties 996:1005 the mechanical properties 981:1005 the mechanical properties of the composites 981:1023 Therefore, it could be concluded that the mechanical properties of the composites were improved by using high amounts of nano silica. 27637448 3 71 theme dynamic-mechanical 576:593 arg1 DMA 605:607 DMA 605:607 DMA 605:607 The BC/SiO2 translucent sheets were examined by dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27637448 3 71 theme dynamic-mechanical 576:593 arg1 analysis 595:602 dynamic-mechanical analysis 576:602 dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA) 576:608 The BC/SiO2 translucent sheets were examined by dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27637448 4 72 theme temperature 690:700 arg1 dependence 702:711 The temperature dependence 686:711 The temperature dependence of the storage modulus, loss modulus and tan delta 686:762 The temperature dependence of the storage modulus, loss modulus and tan delta was determined by DMA. 27637448 10 73 theme composites 1552:1561 arg1 stabilities 1525:1535 the thermal stabilities 1513:1535 the thermal stabilities of all BC/SiO2 composites 1513:1561 On the other hand, the thermal stabilities of all BC/SiO2 composites were remarkably enhanced as compared to the pristine BC. 27637448 7 74 theme high 1093:1096 arg1 This 1077:1080 This 1077:1080 This 1077:1080 This would be a high aspect ratio of BC capable of connecting the BC matrix and SiO2, thereby enhancing a large contact surface and resulting in excellent coherence. 27637448 7 74 theme high 1093:1096 arg1 ratio 1105:1109 a high aspect ratio 1091:1109 a high aspect ratio of BC capable of connecting the BC matrix and SiO2 1091:1160 This would be a high aspect ratio of BC capable of connecting the BC matrix and SiO2, thereby enhancing a large contact surface and resulting in excellent coherence. 27637448 13 75 theme various 2017:2023 arg1 applications 2025:2036 various applications 2017:2036 various applications 2017:2036 Overall, the results indicated that the successful synthesis and superior properties of BC/SiO2 advocate its effectiveness for various applications. 27637448 0 76 theme Dynamic-mechanical 63:80 arg1 properties 94:103 Dynamic-mechanical and thermal properties 63:103 Dynamic-mechanical and thermal properties 63:103 Bacterial cellulose composites loaded with SiO2 nanoparticles: Dynamic-mechanical and thermal properties. 27637448 6 77 theme nano 1064:1067 arg1 silica 1069:1074 nano silica 1064:1074 nano silica 1064:1074 Therefore, it could be concluded that the mechanical properties of the composites were improved by using high amounts of nano silica. 27637448 12 78 theme SEM 1770:1772 arg1 observations 1774:1785 SEM observations 1770:1785 SEM observations 1770:1785 SEM observations illustrated that the nano-scale SiO2 was embedded between the voids and nano-fibrils of the BC matrix. 27637448 7 79 theme BC 1114:1115 arg1 This 1077:1080 This 1077:1080 This 1077:1080 This would be a high aspect ratio of BC capable of connecting the BC matrix and SiO2, thereby enhancing a large contact surface and resulting in excellent coherence. 27637448 7 79 theme BC 1114:1115 arg1 ratio 1105:1109 a high aspect ratio 1091:1109 a high aspect ratio of BC capable of connecting the BC matrix and SiO2 1091:1160 This would be a high aspect ratio of BC capable of connecting the BC matrix and SiO2, thereby enhancing a large contact surface and resulting in excellent coherence. 27637448 11 80 dep 370°C 1735:1739 arg1 to 1726:1727 to 1726:1727 to 1726:1727 TGA curves showed that the temperature of decomposition of the pure BC gradually shifted from about 260°C to about 370°C as silica content increased. 27637448 2 81 from SiO2 475:478 arg1 matrix 490:495 the BC matrix 483:495 the BC matrix 483:495 BC hydro-gel was immersed in an aqueous solution of silanol derived from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), the silanol was then converted into SiO2 in the BC matrix by pressing at 120°C and 2MPa. 25460134 3 0 theme P 593:593 arg1 meat 587:590 meat 587:590 meat (P < 0.01) 587:601 Feeding carob-containing diets reduced the concentration of saturated fatty acids in the muscle, increased the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids in meat (P < 0.01) and of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and reduced the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (P < 0.001). 25460134 3 0 theme P 593:593 arg1 < 595:595 P < 0.01 593:600 P < 0.01 593:600 Feeding carob-containing diets reduced the concentration of saturated fatty acids in the muscle, increased the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids in meat (P < 0.01) and of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and reduced the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (P < 0.001). 25460134 0 1 from pulp 26:29 arg1 diet 38:41 the diet 34:41 the diet of fattening pigs 34:59 Effect of including carob pulp in the diet of fattening pigs on the fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of pork. 25460134 2 2 theme Carob 389:393 arg1 % 396:396 Carob 8% 389:396 Carob 8% 389:396 Nine pigs were finished on a conventional concentrate-based diet (control), while two groups received a diet comprising of the same ingredients with the inclusion of 8% or 15% carob pulp (Carob 8% and Carob 15%, respectively). 25460134 2 3 with ingredients 333:343 arg1 inclusion 354:362 the inclusion 350:362 the inclusion of 8% 350:368 Nine pigs were finished on a conventional concentrate-based diet (control), while two groups received a diet comprising of the same ingredients with the inclusion of 8% or 15% carob pulp (Carob 8% and Carob 15%, respectively). 25460134 2 3 with ingredients 333:343 arg1 pulp 383:386 15% carob pulp 373:386 15% carob pulp (Carob 8% and Carob 15%, respectively) 373:425 Nine pigs were finished on a conventional concentrate-based diet (control), while two groups received a diet comprising of the same ingredients with the inclusion of 8% or 15% carob pulp (Carob 8% and Carob 15%, respectively). 25460134 6 4 theme nutritional 1070:1080 arg1 value 1082:1086 meat nutritional value 1065:1086 meat nutritional value 1065:1086 In conclusion, feeding pigs with carob pulp could represent a strategy,in the Mediterranean areas, to naturally improve meat nutritional value and to promote the exploitation of this local feed resource. 25460134 2 5 theme Carob 402:406 arg1 % 410:410 Carob 15% 402:410 Carob 15% 402:410 Nine pigs were finished on a conventional concentrate-based diet (control), while two groups received a diet comprising of the same ingredients with the inclusion of 8% or 15% carob pulp (Carob 8% and Carob 15%, respectively). 25460134 0 6 theme fatty 68:72 arg1 composition 79:89 fatty acid composition 68:89 fatty acid composition 68:89 Effect of including carob pulp in the diet of fattening pigs on the fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of pork. 25460134 0 7 from Effect 0:5 arg1 stability 105:113 oxidative stability 95:113 oxidative stability 95:113 Effect of including carob pulp in the diet of fattening pigs on the fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of pork. 25460134 0 7 from Effect 0:5 arg1 composition 79:89 fatty acid composition 68:89 fatty acid composition 68:89 Effect of including carob pulp in the diet of fattening pigs on the fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of pork. 25460134 0 7 from Effect 0:5 arg1 diet 38:41 the diet 34:41 the diet of fattening pigs 34:59 Effect of including carob pulp in the diet of fattening pigs on the fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of pork. 25460134 4 8 theme slow 717:720 arg1 deterioration 732:744 slow oxidative deterioration 717:744 slow oxidative deterioration 717:744 The meat underwent slow oxidative deterioration over 9 days of storage. 25460134 1 9 from effect 128:133 arg1 quality 175:181 meat quality 170:181 meat quality 170:181 The effect of feeding pigs with carob pulp on meat quality was investigated. 25460134 0 10 dep composition 79:89 arg1 the 64:66 the 64:66 the 64:66 Effect of including carob pulp in the diet of fattening pigs on the fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of pork. 25460134 3 11 theme PUFA 674:677 arg1 ratio 679:683 the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio 662:683 the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (P < 0.001) 662:695 Feeding carob-containing diets reduced the concentration of saturated fatty acids in the muscle, increased the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids in meat (P < 0.01) and of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and reduced the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (P < 0.001). 25460134 3 11 theme PUFA 674:677 arg1 P 686:686 P < 0.001 686:694 P < 0.001 686:694 Feeding carob-containing diets reduced the concentration of saturated fatty acids in the muscle, increased the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids in meat (P < 0.01) and of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and reduced the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (P < 0.001). 25460134 0 12 from diet 38:41 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of including carob pulp in the diet of fattening pigs on the fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of pork. 0:122 Effect of including carob pulp in the diet of fattening pigs on the fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of pork. 25460134 2 13 dep pulp 383:386 arg1 % 396:396 Carob 8% 389:396 Carob 8% 389:396 Nine pigs were finished on a conventional concentrate-based diet (control), while two groups received a diet comprising of the same ingredients with the inclusion of 8% or 15% carob pulp (Carob 8% and Carob 15%, respectively). 25460134 2 13 dep pulp 383:386 arg1 % 410:410 Carob 15% 402:410 Carob 15% 402:410 Nine pigs were finished on a conventional concentrate-based diet (control), while two groups received a diet comprising of the same ingredients with the inclusion of 8% or 15% carob pulp (Carob 8% and Carob 15%, respectively). 25460134 2 14 theme conventional 230:241 arg1 control 267:273 control 267:273 control 267:273 Nine pigs were finished on a conventional concentrate-based diet (control), while two groups received a diet comprising of the same ingredients with the inclusion of 8% or 15% carob pulp (Carob 8% and Carob 15%, respectively). 25460134 2 14 theme conventional 230:241 arg1 diet 261:264 a conventional concentrate-based diet 228:264 a conventional concentrate-based diet (control) 228:274 Nine pigs were finished on a conventional concentrate-based diet (control), while two groups received a diet comprising of the same ingredients with the inclusion of 8% or 15% carob pulp (Carob 8% and Carob 15%, respectively). 25460134 6 15 theme local 1128:1132 arg1 resource 1139:1146 this local feed resource 1123:1146 this local feed resource 1123:1146 In conclusion, feeding pigs with carob pulp could represent a strategy,in the Mediterranean areas, to naturally improve meat nutritional value and to promote the exploitation of this local feed resource. 25460134 6 16 theme resource 1139:1146 arg1 exploitation 1107:1118 the exploitation 1103:1118 the exploitation of this local feed resource 1103:1146 In conclusion, feeding pigs with carob pulp could represent a strategy,in the Mediterranean areas, to naturally improve meat nutritional value and to promote the exploitation of this local feed resource. 25460134 0 17 theme acid 74:77 arg1 composition 79:89 fatty acid composition 68:89 fatty acid composition 68:89 Effect of including carob pulp in the diet of fattening pigs on the fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of pork. 25460134 6 18 theme feed 1134:1137 arg1 resource 1139:1146 this local feed resource 1123:1146 this local feed resource 1123:1146 In conclusion, feeding pigs with carob pulp could represent a strategy,in the Mediterranean areas, to naturally improve meat nutritional value and to promote the exploitation of this local feed resource. 25460134 1 19 theme feeding 138:144 arg1 pigs 146:149 feeding pigs 138:149 feeding pigs with carob pulp 138:165 The effect of feeding pigs with carob pulp on meat quality was investigated. 25460134 2 20 theme 15 373:374 arg1 % 375:375 % 375:375 % 375:375 Nine pigs were finished on a conventional concentrate-based diet (control), while two groups received a diet comprising of the same ingredients with the inclusion of 8% or 15% carob pulp (Carob 8% and Carob 15%, respectively). 25460134 0 21 theme pigs 56:59 arg1 diet 38:41 the diet 34:41 the diet of fattening pigs 34:59 Effect of including carob pulp in the diet of fattening pigs on the fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of pork. 25460134 6 22 theme feeding 960:966 arg1 pigs 968:971 feeding pigs 960:971 feeding pigs with carob pulp 960:987 In conclusion, feeding pigs with carob pulp could represent a strategy,in the Mediterranean areas, to naturally improve meat nutritional value and to promote the exploitation of this local feed resource. 25460134 4 23 theme oxidative 722:730 arg1 deterioration 732:744 slow oxidative deterioration 717:744 slow oxidative deterioration 717:744 The meat underwent slow oxidative deterioration over 9 days of storage. 25460134 1 24 theme pigs 146:149 arg1 effect 128:133 The effect 124:133 The effect of feeding pigs with carob pulp on meat quality 124:181 The effect of feeding pigs with carob pulp on meat quality was investigated. 25460134 3 25 from concentration 539:551 arg1 meat 587:590 meat 587:590 meat (P < 0.01) 587:601 Feeding carob-containing diets reduced the concentration of saturated fatty acids in the muscle, increased the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids in meat (P < 0.01) and of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and reduced the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (P < 0.001). 25460134 3 25 from concentration 539:551 arg1 < 595:595 P < 0.01 593:600 P < 0.01 593:600 Feeding carob-containing diets reduced the concentration of saturated fatty acids in the muscle, increased the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids in meat (P < 0.01) and of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and reduced the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (P < 0.001). 25460134 3 26 theme polyunsaturated 614:628 arg1 PUFAs 643:647 PUFAs 643:647 PUFAs 643:647 Feeding carob-containing diets reduced the concentration of saturated fatty acids in the muscle, increased the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids in meat (P < 0.01) and of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and reduced the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (P < 0.001). 25460134 3 26 theme polyunsaturated 614:628 arg1 acids 636:640 n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids 610:640 n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) 610:648 Feeding carob-containing diets reduced the concentration of saturated fatty acids in the muscle, increased the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids in meat (P < 0.01) and of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and reduced the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (P < 0.001). 25460134 3 27 from concentration 471:483 arg1 muscle 517:522 the muscle 513:522 the muscle 513:522 Feeding carob-containing diets reduced the concentration of saturated fatty acids in the muscle, increased the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids in meat (P < 0.01) and of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and reduced the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (P < 0.001). 25460134 0 28 theme carob 20:24 arg1 pulp 26:29 including carob pulp 10:29 including carob pulp in the diet of fattening pigs 10:59 Effect of including carob pulp in the diet of fattening pigs on the fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of pork. 25460134 3 29 theme fatty 630:634 arg1 PUFAs 643:647 PUFAs 643:647 PUFAs 643:647 Feeding carob-containing diets reduced the concentration of saturated fatty acids in the muscle, increased the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids in meat (P < 0.01) and of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and reduced the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (P < 0.001). 25460134 3 29 theme fatty 630:634 arg1 acids 636:640 n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids 610:640 n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) 610:648 Feeding carob-containing diets reduced the concentration of saturated fatty acids in the muscle, increased the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids in meat (P < 0.01) and of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and reduced the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (P < 0.001). 25460134 0 30 theme oxidative 95:103 arg1 stability 105:113 oxidative stability 95:113 oxidative stability 95:113 Effect of including carob pulp in the diet of fattening pigs on the fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of pork. 25460134 3 31 theme carob-containing 436:451 arg1 diets 453:457 carob-containing diets 436:457 carob-containing diets reduced the concentration of saturated fatty acids in the muscle, increased the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids in meat (P < 0.01) and of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and reduced the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (P < 0.001) 436:695 Feeding carob-containing diets reduced the concentration of saturated fatty acids in the muscle, increased the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids in meat (P < 0.01) and of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and reduced the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (P < 0.001). 25460134 6 32 theme Mediterranean 1023:1035 arg1 areas 1037:1041 the Mediterranean areas 1019:1041 the Mediterranean areas 1019:1041 In conclusion, feeding pigs with carob pulp could represent a strategy,in the Mediterranean areas, to naturally improve meat nutritional value and to promote the exploitation of this local feed resource. 25460134 1 33 theme carob 156:160 arg1 pulp 162:165 carob pulp 156:165 carob pulp 156:165 The effect of feeding pigs with carob pulp on meat quality was investigated. 25460134 0 34 theme including 10:18 arg1 pulp 26:29 including carob pulp 10:29 including carob pulp in the diet of fattening pigs 10:59 Effect of including carob pulp in the diet of fattening pigs on the fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of pork. 25460134 5 35 theme colour 927:932 arg1 stability 934:942 meat colour stability 922:942 meat colour stability 922:942 However, the Carob 15% treatment increased meat susceptibility to lipid oxidation across storage (P = 0.03), while the dietary treatment did not affect meat colour stability. 25460134 5 36 theme Carob 783:787 arg1 treatment 793:801 the Carob 15% treatment 779:801 the Carob 15% treatment 779:801 However, the Carob 15% treatment increased meat susceptibility to lipid oxidation across storage (P = 0.03), while the dietary treatment did not affect meat colour stability. 25460134 3 37 theme saturated 488:496 arg1 acids 504:508 saturated fatty acids 488:508 saturated fatty acids 488:508 Feeding carob-containing diets reduced the concentration of saturated fatty acids in the muscle, increased the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids in meat (P < 0.01) and of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and reduced the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (P < 0.001). 25460134 0 38 theme pulp 26:29 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of including carob pulp in the diet of fattening pigs on the fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of pork. 0:122 Effect of including carob pulp in the diet of fattening pigs on the fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of pork. 25460134 4 39 theme storage 761:767 arg1 days 753:756 9 days 751:756 9 days of storage 751:767 The meat underwent slow oxidative deterioration over 9 days of storage. 25460134 6 40 theme carob 978:982 arg1 pulp 984:987 carob pulp 978:987 carob pulp 978:987 In conclusion, feeding pigs with carob pulp could represent a strategy,in the Mediterranean areas, to naturally improve meat nutritional value and to promote the exploitation of this local feed resource. 25460134 2 41 theme % 368:368 arg1 pulp 383:386 15% carob pulp 373:386 15% carob pulp (Carob 8% and Carob 15%, respectively) 373:425 Nine pigs were finished on a conventional concentrate-based diet (control), while two groups received a diet comprising of the same ingredients with the inclusion of 8% or 15% carob pulp (Carob 8% and Carob 15%, respectively). 25460134 2 41 theme % 368:368 arg1 inclusion 354:362 the inclusion 350:362 the inclusion of 8% 350:368 Nine pigs were finished on a conventional concentrate-based diet (control), while two groups received a diet comprising of the same ingredients with the inclusion of 8% or 15% carob pulp (Carob 8% and Carob 15%, respectively). 25460134 1 42 theme meat 170:173 arg1 quality 175:181 meat quality 170:181 meat quality 170:181 The effect of feeding pigs with carob pulp on meat quality was investigated. 25460134 2 43 theme carob 377:381 arg1 pulp 383:386 15% carob pulp 373:386 15% carob pulp (Carob 8% and Carob 15%, respectively) 373:425 Nine pigs were finished on a conventional concentrate-based diet (control), while two groups received a diet comprising of the same ingredients with the inclusion of 8% or 15% carob pulp (Carob 8% and Carob 15%, respectively). 25460134 1 44 with pigs 146:149 arg1 pulp 162:165 carob pulp 156:165 carob pulp 156:165 The effect of feeding pigs with carob pulp on meat quality was investigated. 25460134 5 45 theme dietary 889:895 arg1 treatment 897:905 the dietary treatment 885:905 the dietary treatment 885:905 However, the Carob 15% treatment increased meat susceptibility to lipid oxidation across storage (P = 0.03), while the dietary treatment did not affect meat colour stability. 25460134 5 46 theme % 791:791 arg1 treatment 793:801 the Carob 15% treatment 779:801 the Carob 15% treatment 779:801 However, the Carob 15% treatment increased meat susceptibility to lipid oxidation across storage (P = 0.03), while the dietary treatment did not affect meat colour stability. 25460134 6 47 dep represent 995:1003 arg1 promote 1095:1101 promote 1095:1101 to promote the exploitation of this local feed resource 1092:1146 In conclusion, feeding pigs with carob pulp could represent a strategy,in the Mediterranean areas, to naturally improve meat nutritional value and to promote the exploitation of this local feed resource. 25460134 6 47 dep represent 995:1003 arg1 improve 1057:1063 improve 1057:1063 to naturally improve meat nutritional value 1044:1086 In conclusion, feeding pigs with carob pulp could represent a strategy,in the Mediterranean areas, to naturally improve meat nutritional value and to promote the exploitation of this local feed resource. 25460134 2 48 theme % 375:375 arg1 pulp 383:386 15% carob pulp 373:386 15% carob pulp (Carob 8% and Carob 15%, respectively) 373:425 Nine pigs were finished on a conventional concentrate-based diet (control), while two groups received a diet comprising of the same ingredients with the inclusion of 8% or 15% carob pulp (Carob 8% and Carob 15%, respectively). 25460134 3 49 theme acids 636:640 arg1 concentration 539:551 the concentration 535:551 the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids in meat (P < 0.01) and of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) 535:648 Feeding carob-containing diets reduced the concentration of saturated fatty acids in the muscle, increased the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids in meat (P < 0.01) and of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and reduced the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (P < 0.001). 25460134 0 50 theme pork 118:121 arg1 stability 105:113 oxidative stability 95:113 oxidative stability 95:113 Effect of including carob pulp in the diet of fattening pigs on the fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of pork. 25460134 0 50 theme pork 118:121 arg1 composition 79:89 fatty acid composition 68:89 fatty acid composition 68:89 Effect of including carob pulp in the diet of fattening pigs on the fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of pork. 25460134 3 51 theme fatty 572:576 arg1 acids 578:582 monounsaturated fatty acids 556:582 monounsaturated fatty acids 556:582 Feeding carob-containing diets reduced the concentration of saturated fatty acids in the muscle, increased the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids in meat (P < 0.01) and of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and reduced the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (P < 0.001). 25460134 5 52 theme = 870:870 arg1 P 868:868 P = 0.03 868:875 P = 0.03 868:875 However, the Carob 15% treatment increased meat susceptibility to lipid oxidation across storage (P = 0.03), while the dietary treatment did not affect meat colour stability. 25460134 5 52 theme = 870:870 arg1 storage 859:865 storage 859:865 storage (P = 0.03) 859:876 However, the Carob 15% treatment increased meat susceptibility to lipid oxidation across storage (P = 0.03), while the dietary treatment did not affect meat colour stability. 25460134 6 53 theme meat 1065:1068 arg1 value 1082:1086 meat nutritional value 1065:1086 meat nutritional value 1065:1086 In conclusion, feeding pigs with carob pulp could represent a strategy,in the Mediterranean areas, to naturally improve meat nutritional value and to promote the exploitation of this local feed resource. 25460134 3 54 theme acids 578:582 arg1 concentration 539:551 the concentration 535:551 the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids in meat (P < 0.01) and of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) 535:648 Feeding carob-containing diets reduced the concentration of saturated fatty acids in the muscle, increased the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids in meat (P < 0.01) and of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and reduced the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (P < 0.001). 25460134 5 55 theme meat 813:816 arg1 susceptibility 818:831 meat susceptibility 813:831 meat susceptibility to lipid oxidation 813:850 However, the Carob 15% treatment increased meat susceptibility to lipid oxidation across storage (P = 0.03), while the dietary treatment did not affect meat colour stability. 25460134 3 56 theme fatty 498:502 arg1 acids 504:508 saturated fatty acids 488:508 saturated fatty acids 488:508 Feeding carob-containing diets reduced the concentration of saturated fatty acids in the muscle, increased the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids in meat (P < 0.01) and of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and reduced the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (P < 0.001). 25460134 2 57 theme concentrate-based 243:259 arg1 control 267:273 control 267:273 control 267:273 Nine pigs were finished on a conventional concentrate-based diet (control), while two groups received a diet comprising of the same ingredients with the inclusion of 8% or 15% carob pulp (Carob 8% and Carob 15%, respectively). 25460134 2 57 theme concentrate-based 243:259 arg1 diet 261:264 a conventional concentrate-based diet 228:264 a conventional concentrate-based diet (control) 228:274 Nine pigs were finished on a conventional concentrate-based diet (control), while two groups received a diet comprising of the same ingredients with the inclusion of 8% or 15% carob pulp (Carob 8% and Carob 15%, respectively). 25460134 3 58 theme < 688:688 arg1 ratio 679:683 the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio 662:683 the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (P < 0.001) 662:695 Feeding carob-containing diets reduced the concentration of saturated fatty acids in the muscle, increased the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids in meat (P < 0.01) and of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and reduced the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (P < 0.001). 25460134 3 58 theme < 688:688 arg1 P 686:686 P < 0.001 686:694 P < 0.001 686:694 Feeding carob-containing diets reduced the concentration of saturated fatty acids in the muscle, increased the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids in meat (P < 0.01) and of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and reduced the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (P < 0.001). 25460134 3 59 theme n-6/n-3 666:672 arg1 ratio 679:683 the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio 662:683 the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (P < 0.001) 662:695 Feeding carob-containing diets reduced the concentration of saturated fatty acids in the muscle, increased the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids in meat (P < 0.01) and of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and reduced the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (P < 0.001). 25460134 3 59 theme n-6/n-3 666:672 arg1 P 686:686 P < 0.001 686:694 P < 0.001 686:694 Feeding carob-containing diets reduced the concentration of saturated fatty acids in the muscle, increased the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids in meat (P < 0.01) and of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and reduced the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (P < 0.001). 25460134 0 60 theme fattening 46:54 arg1 pigs 56:59 fattening pigs 46:59 fattening pigs 46:59 Effect of including carob pulp in the diet of fattening pigs on the fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of pork. 25460134 3 61 theme monounsaturated 556:570 arg1 acids 578:582 monounsaturated fatty acids 556:582 monounsaturated fatty acids 556:582 Feeding carob-containing diets reduced the concentration of saturated fatty acids in the muscle, increased the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids in meat (P < 0.01) and of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and reduced the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (P < 0.001). 25460134 3 62 theme acids 504:508 arg1 concentration 471:483 the concentration 467:483 the concentration of saturated fatty acids in the muscle 467:522 Feeding carob-containing diets reduced the concentration of saturated fatty acids in the muscle, increased the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids in meat (P < 0.01) and of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and reduced the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (P < 0.001). 25460134 6 63 with pigs 968:971 arg1 pulp 984:987 carob pulp 978:987 carob pulp 978:987 In conclusion, feeding pigs with carob pulp could represent a strategy,in the Mediterranean areas, to naturally improve meat nutritional value and to promote the exploitation of this local feed resource. 25460134 2 64 theme same 328:331 arg1 ingredients 333:343 the same ingredients 324:343 the same ingredients with the inclusion of 8% or 15% carob pulp (Carob 8% and Carob 15%, respectively) 324:425 Nine pigs were finished on a conventional concentrate-based diet (control), while two groups received a diet comprising of the same ingredients with the inclusion of 8% or 15% carob pulp (Carob 8% and Carob 15%, respectively). 25460134 5 65 theme meat 922:925 arg1 stability 934:942 meat colour stability 922:942 meat colour stability 922:942 However, the Carob 15% treatment increased meat susceptibility to lipid oxidation across storage (P = 0.03), while the dietary treatment did not affect meat colour stability. 25460134 5 66 theme lipid 836:840 arg1 oxidation 842:850 lipid oxidation 836:850 lipid oxidation 836:850 However, the Carob 15% treatment increased meat susceptibility to lipid oxidation across storage (P = 0.03), while the dietary treatment did not affect meat colour stability. 25460134 3 67 dep diets 453:457 arg1 reduced 459:465 reduced 459:465 reduced the concentration of saturated fatty acids in the muscle 459:522 Feeding carob-containing diets reduced the concentration of saturated fatty acids in the muscle, increased the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids in meat (P < 0.01) and of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and reduced the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (P < 0.001). 25460134 3 67 dep diets 453:457 arg1 reduced 654:660 reduced 654:660 reduced the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (P < 0.001) 654:695 Feeding carob-containing diets reduced the concentration of saturated fatty acids in the muscle, increased the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids in meat (P < 0.01) and of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and reduced the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (P < 0.001). 25460134 3 67 dep diets 453:457 arg1 increased 525:533 increased 525:533 increased the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids in meat (P < 0.01) and of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) 525:648 Feeding carob-containing diets reduced the concentration of saturated fatty acids in the muscle, increased the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids in meat (P < 0.01) and of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and reduced the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (P < 0.001). 27209115 0 0 theme composite 73:81 arg1 hydrogel 83:90 PVA/HA composite hydrogel 66:90 PVA/HA composite hydrogel 66:90 Research on torsional friction behavior and fluid load support of PVA/HA composite hydrogel. 27209115 7 1 theme slip 945:948 arg1 zone 950:953 the slip zone 941:953 the slip zone 941:953 As the torsional angle increases, friction coefficient and slip trend of the contact interface increase, resulting in the increase of the slip zone and the reduction of the adhesion zone. 27209115 1 2 theme synthetic 144:152 arg1 cartilage 164:172 synthetic articular cartilage 144:172 synthetic articular cartilage 144:172 Hydrogels have been extensively studied for use as synthetic articular cartilage. 27209115 7 3 theme slip 866:869 arg1 trend 871:875 slip trend 866:875 slip trend 866:875 As the torsional angle increases, friction coefficient and slip trend of the contact interface increase, resulting in the increase of the slip zone and the reduction of the adhesion zone. 27209115 4 4 theme PVA/HA 554:559 arg1 hydrogel 571:578 PVA/HA composite hydrogel 554:578 PVA/HA composite hydrogel 554:578 Results show fluid loss increases gradually of PVA/HA composite hydrogel with torsional friction time, leading to fluid load support decreases. 27209115 0 5 theme PVA/HA 66:71 arg1 hydrogel 83:90 PVA/HA composite hydrogel 66:90 PVA/HA composite hydrogel 66:90 Research on torsional friction behavior and fluid load support of PVA/HA composite hydrogel. 27209115 7 6 theme contact 884:890 arg1 interface 892:900 the contact interface 880:900 the contact interface 880:900 As the torsional angle increases, friction coefficient and slip trend of the contact interface increase, resulting in the increase of the slip zone and the reduction of the adhesion zone. 27209115 1 7 theme articular 154:162 arg1 cartilage 164:172 synthetic articular cartilage 144:172 synthetic articular cartilage 144:172 Hydrogels have been extensively studied for use as synthetic articular cartilage. 27209115 7 8 theme friction 841:848 arg1 coefficient 850:860 friction coefficient 841:860 friction coefficient 841:860 As the torsional angle increases, friction coefficient and slip trend of the contact interface increase, resulting in the increase of the slip zone and the reduction of the adhesion zone. 27209115 8 9 theme coefficient 1168:1178 arg1 increase 1147:1154 the increase 1143:1154 the increase of friction coefficient 1143:1178 Fluid loss increases of PVA/HA composite hydrogel as the load and the torsional angle increase, which causes the decrease of fluid load support and the increase of friction coefficient. 27209115 8 9 theme coefficient 1168:1178 arg1 decrease 1108:1115 the decrease 1104:1115 the decrease of fluid load support 1104:1137 Fluid loss increases of PVA/HA composite hydrogel as the load and the torsional angle increase, which causes the decrease of fluid load support and the increase of friction coefficient. 27209115 0 10 from Research 0:7 arg1 behavior 31:38 torsional friction behavior 12:38 torsional friction behavior 12:38 Research on torsional friction behavior and fluid load support of PVA/HA composite hydrogel. 27209115 0 10 from Research 0:7 arg1 load 50:53 fluid load 44:53 fluid load 44:53 Research on torsional friction behavior and fluid load support of PVA/HA composite hydrogel. 27209115 8 11 theme Fluid 995:999 arg1 increases 1006:1014 Fluid loss increases 995:1014 Fluid loss increases of PVA/HA composite hydrogel as the load 995:1055 Fluid loss increases of PVA/HA composite hydrogel as the load and the torsional angle increase, which causes the decrease of fluid load support and the increase of friction coefficient. 27209115 7 12 theme interface 892:900 arg1 coefficient 850:860 friction coefficient 841:860 friction coefficient 841:860 As the torsional angle increases, friction coefficient and slip trend of the contact interface increase, resulting in the increase of the slip zone and the reduction of the adhesion zone. 27209115 7 12 theme interface 892:900 arg1 trend 871:875 slip trend 866:875 slip trend 866:875 As the torsional angle increases, friction coefficient and slip trend of the contact interface increase, resulting in the increase of the slip zone and the reduction of the adhesion zone. 27209115 5 13 theme stick-slip 701:710 arg1 state 718:722 stick-slip mixed state 701:722 stick-slip mixed state 701:722 The contact state changes from full slip state to stick-slip mixed state. 27209115 5 14 theme full 682:685 arg1 state 692:696 full slip state 682:696 full slip state 682:696 The contact state changes from full slip state to stick-slip mixed state. 27209115 6 15 theme adhesion 773:780 arg1 zone 782:785 adhesion zone 773:785 adhesion zone 773:785 As the load increases, friction coefficient and adhesion zone increase gradually. 27209115 4 16 theme composite 561:569 arg1 hydrogel 571:578 PVA/HA composite hydrogel 554:578 PVA/HA composite hydrogel 554:578 Results show fluid loss increases gradually of PVA/HA composite hydrogel with torsional friction time, leading to fluid load support decreases. 27209115 5 17 theme mixed 712:716 arg1 state 718:722 stick-slip mixed state 701:722 stick-slip mixed state 701:722 The contact state changes from full slip state to stick-slip mixed state. 27209115 2 18 theme transformation 256:269 arg1 mechanism 271:279 the transformation mechanism 252:279 the transformation mechanism 252:279 This study aimed to investigate (1) the torsional friction contact state and the transformation mechanism of PVA/HA composite hydrogel against CoCrMo femoral head and (2) effects of load and torsional angle on torsional friction behavior. 27209115 7 19 theme angle 824:828 arg1 increases 830:838 the torsional angle increases 810:838 the torsional angle increases 810:838 As the torsional angle increases, friction coefficient and slip trend of the contact interface increase, resulting in the increase of the slip zone and the reduction of the adhesion zone. 27209115 2 20 theme torsional 366:374 arg1 angle 376:380 torsional angle 366:380 torsional angle 366:380 This study aimed to investigate (1) the torsional friction contact state and the transformation mechanism of PVA/HA composite hydrogel against CoCrMo femoral head and (2) effects of load and torsional angle on torsional friction behavior. 27209115 6 21 theme friction 748:755 arg1 coefficient 757:767 friction coefficient 748:767 friction coefficient 748:767 As the load increases, friction coefficient and adhesion zone increase gradually. 27209115 7 22 theme torsional 814:822 arg1 increases 830:838 the torsional angle increases 810:838 the torsional angle increases 810:838 As the torsional angle increases, friction coefficient and slip trend of the contact interface increase, resulting in the increase of the slip zone and the reduction of the adhesion zone. 27209115 3 23 theme finite 418:423 arg1 method 433:438 The finite element method 414:438 The finite element method 414:438 The finite element method was used to study fluid load support of PVA/HA composite hydrogel. 27209115 8 24 theme load 1126:1129 arg1 support 1131:1137 fluid load support 1120:1137 fluid load support 1120:1137 Fluid loss increases of PVA/HA composite hydrogel as the load and the torsional angle increase, which causes the decrease of fluid load support and the increase of friction coefficient. 27209115 8 25 theme PVA/HA 1019:1024 arg1 hydrogel 1036:1043 PVA/HA composite hydrogel 1019:1043 PVA/HA composite hydrogel as the load 1019:1055 Fluid loss increases of PVA/HA composite hydrogel as the load and the torsional angle increase, which causes the decrease of fluid load support and the increase of friction coefficient. 27209115 4 26 theme load 627:630 arg1 decreases 640:648 fluid load support decreases 621:648 fluid load support decreases 621:648 Results show fluid loss increases gradually of PVA/HA composite hydrogel with torsional friction time, leading to fluid load support decreases. 27209115 3 27 theme hydrogel 497:504 arg1 support 469:475 fluid load support 458:475 fluid load support of PVA/HA composite hydrogel 458:504 The finite element method was used to study fluid load support of PVA/HA composite hydrogel. 27209115 2 28 theme load 357:360 arg1 mechanism 271:279 the transformation mechanism 252:279 the transformation mechanism 252:279 This study aimed to investigate (1) the torsional friction contact state and the transformation mechanism of PVA/HA composite hydrogel against CoCrMo femoral head and (2) effects of load and torsional angle on torsional friction behavior. 27209115 2 28 theme load 357:360 arg1 state 242:246 the torsional friction contact state 211:246 the torsional friction contact state 211:246 This study aimed to investigate (1) the torsional friction contact state and the transformation mechanism of PVA/HA composite hydrogel against CoCrMo femoral head and (2) effects of load and torsional angle on torsional friction behavior. 27209115 2 28 theme load 357:360 arg1 effects 346:352 effects 346:352 (2) effects of load and torsional angle on torsional friction behavior 342:411 This study aimed to investigate (1) the torsional friction contact state and the transformation mechanism of PVA/HA composite hydrogel against CoCrMo femoral head and (2) effects of load and torsional angle on torsional friction behavior. 27209115 8 29 theme fluid 1120:1124 arg1 support 1131:1137 fluid load support 1120:1137 fluid load support 1120:1137 Fluid loss increases of PVA/HA composite hydrogel as the load and the torsional angle increase, which causes the decrease of fluid load support and the increase of friction coefficient. 27209115 2 30 from effects 346:352 arg1 behavior 404:411 torsional friction behavior 385:411 torsional friction behavior 385:411 This study aimed to investigate (1) the torsional friction contact state and the transformation mechanism of PVA/HA composite hydrogel against CoCrMo femoral head and (2) effects of load and torsional angle on torsional friction behavior. 27209115 2 31 theme hydrogel 301:308 arg1 mechanism 271:279 the transformation mechanism 252:279 the transformation mechanism 252:279 This study aimed to investigate (1) the torsional friction contact state and the transformation mechanism of PVA/HA composite hydrogel against CoCrMo femoral head and (2) effects of load and torsional angle on torsional friction behavior. 27209115 2 31 theme hydrogel 301:308 arg1 state 242:246 the torsional friction contact state 211:246 the torsional friction contact state 211:246 This study aimed to investigate (1) the torsional friction contact state and the transformation mechanism of PVA/HA composite hydrogel against CoCrMo femoral head and (2) effects of load and torsional angle on torsional friction behavior. 27209115 2 31 theme hydrogel 301:308 arg1 effects 346:352 effects 346:352 (2) effects of load and torsional angle on torsional friction behavior 342:411 This study aimed to investigate (1) the torsional friction contact state and the transformation mechanism of PVA/HA composite hydrogel against CoCrMo femoral head and (2) effects of load and torsional angle on torsional friction behavior. 27209115 2 32 dep state 242:246 arg1 1 208:208 1 208:208 1 208:208 This study aimed to investigate (1) the torsional friction contact state and the transformation mechanism of PVA/HA composite hydrogel against CoCrMo femoral head and (2) effects of load and torsional angle on torsional friction behavior. 27209115 0 33 theme friction 22:29 arg1 behavior 31:38 torsional friction behavior 12:38 torsional friction behavior 12:38 Research on torsional friction behavior and fluid load support of PVA/HA composite hydrogel. 27209115 4 34 theme fluid 520:524 arg1 loss 526:529 fluid loss 520:529 fluid loss 520:529 Results show fluid loss increases gradually of PVA/HA composite hydrogel with torsional friction time, leading to fluid load support decreases. 27209115 8 35 theme hydrogel 1036:1043 arg1 increases 1006:1014 Fluid loss increases 995:1014 Fluid loss increases of PVA/HA composite hydrogel as the load 995:1055 Fluid loss increases of PVA/HA composite hydrogel as the load and the torsional angle increase, which causes the decrease of fluid load support and the increase of friction coefficient. 27209115 8 35 theme hydrogel 1036:1043 arg1 angle 1075:1079 the torsional angle 1061:1079 the torsional angle 1061:1079 Fluid loss increases of PVA/HA composite hydrogel as the load and the torsional angle increase, which causes the decrease of fluid load support and the increase of friction coefficient. 27209115 2 36 theme composite 291:299 arg1 hydrogel 301:308 PVA/HA composite hydrogel 284:308 PVA/HA composite hydrogel 284:308 This study aimed to investigate (1) the torsional friction contact state and the transformation mechanism of PVA/HA composite hydrogel against CoCrMo femoral head and (2) effects of load and torsional angle on torsional friction behavior. 27209115 2 37 theme friction 395:402 arg1 behavior 404:411 torsional friction behavior 385:411 torsional friction behavior 385:411 This study aimed to investigate (1) the torsional friction contact state and the transformation mechanism of PVA/HA composite hydrogel against CoCrMo femoral head and (2) effects of load and torsional angle on torsional friction behavior. 27209115 0 38 theme torsional 12:20 arg1 behavior 31:38 torsional friction behavior 12:38 torsional friction behavior 12:38 Research on torsional friction behavior and fluid load support of PVA/HA composite hydrogel. 27209115 2 39 dep effects 346:352 arg1 2 343:343 2 343:343 2 343:343 This study aimed to investigate (1) the torsional friction contact state and the transformation mechanism of PVA/HA composite hydrogel against CoCrMo femoral head and (2) effects of load and torsional angle on torsional friction behavior. 27209115 2 40 theme PVA/HA 284:289 arg1 hydrogel 301:308 PVA/HA composite hydrogel 284:308 PVA/HA composite hydrogel 284:308 This study aimed to investigate (1) the torsional friction contact state and the transformation mechanism of PVA/HA composite hydrogel against CoCrMo femoral head and (2) effects of load and torsional angle on torsional friction behavior. 27209115 2 41 theme torsional 385:393 arg1 behavior 404:411 torsional friction behavior 385:411 torsional friction behavior 385:411 This study aimed to investigate (1) the torsional friction contact state and the transformation mechanism of PVA/HA composite hydrogel against CoCrMo femoral head and (2) effects of load and torsional angle on torsional friction behavior. 27209115 5 42 theme slip 687:690 arg1 state 692:696 full slip state 682:696 full slip state 682:696 The contact state changes from full slip state to stick-slip mixed state. 27209115 4 43 theme fluid 621:625 arg1 decreases 640:648 fluid load support decreases 621:648 fluid load support decreases 621:648 Results show fluid loss increases gradually of PVA/HA composite hydrogel with torsional friction time, leading to fluid load support decreases. 27209115 2 44 theme torsional 215:223 arg1 state 242:246 the torsional friction contact state 211:246 the torsional friction contact state 211:246 This study aimed to investigate (1) the torsional friction contact state and the transformation mechanism of PVA/HA composite hydrogel against CoCrMo femoral head and (2) effects of load and torsional angle on torsional friction behavior. 27209115 2 45 from state 242:246 arg1 behavior 404:411 torsional friction behavior 385:411 torsional friction behavior 385:411 This study aimed to investigate (1) the torsional friction contact state and the transformation mechanism of PVA/HA composite hydrogel against CoCrMo femoral head and (2) effects of load and torsional angle on torsional friction behavior. 27209115 3 46 theme element 425:431 arg1 method 433:438 The finite element method 414:438 The finite element method 414:438 The finite element method was used to study fluid load support of PVA/HA composite hydrogel. 27209115 4 47 theme support 632:638 arg1 decreases 640:648 fluid load support decreases 621:648 fluid load support decreases 621:648 Results show fluid loss increases gradually of PVA/HA composite hydrogel with torsional friction time, leading to fluid load support decreases. 27209115 6 48 theme load 732:735 arg1 increases 737:745 the load increases 728:745 the load increases 728:745 As the load increases, friction coefficient and adhesion zone increase gradually. 27209115 2 49 theme angle 376:380 arg1 mechanism 271:279 the transformation mechanism 252:279 the transformation mechanism 252:279 This study aimed to investigate (1) the torsional friction contact state and the transformation mechanism of PVA/HA composite hydrogel against CoCrMo femoral head and (2) effects of load and torsional angle on torsional friction behavior. 27209115 2 49 theme angle 376:380 arg1 state 242:246 the torsional friction contact state 211:246 the torsional friction contact state 211:246 This study aimed to investigate (1) the torsional friction contact state and the transformation mechanism of PVA/HA composite hydrogel against CoCrMo femoral head and (2) effects of load and torsional angle on torsional friction behavior. 27209115 2 49 theme angle 376:380 arg1 effects 346:352 effects 346:352 (2) effects of load and torsional angle on torsional friction behavior 342:411 This study aimed to investigate (1) the torsional friction contact state and the transformation mechanism of PVA/HA composite hydrogel against CoCrMo femoral head and (2) effects of load and torsional angle on torsional friction behavior. 27209115 8 50 theme friction 1159:1166 arg1 coefficient 1168:1178 friction coefficient 1159:1178 friction coefficient 1159:1178 Fluid loss increases of PVA/HA composite hydrogel as the load and the torsional angle increase, which causes the decrease of fluid load support and the increase of friction coefficient. 27209115 8 51 theme torsional 1065:1073 arg1 angle 1075:1079 the torsional angle 1061:1079 the torsional angle 1061:1079 Fluid loss increases of PVA/HA composite hydrogel as the load and the torsional angle increase, which causes the decrease of fluid load support and the increase of friction coefficient. 27209115 3 52 theme fluid 458:462 arg1 support 469:475 fluid load support 458:475 fluid load support of PVA/HA composite hydrogel 458:504 The finite element method was used to study fluid load support of PVA/HA composite hydrogel. 27209115 0 53 theme fluid 44:48 arg1 load 50:53 fluid load 44:53 fluid load 44:53 Research on torsional friction behavior and fluid load support of PVA/HA composite hydrogel. 27209115 5 54 theme contact 655:661 arg1 state 663:667 The contact state 651:667 The contact state 651:667 The contact state changes from full slip state to stick-slip mixed state. 27209115 8 55 theme loss 1001:1004 arg1 increases 1006:1014 Fluid loss increases 995:1014 Fluid loss increases of PVA/HA composite hydrogel as the load 995:1055 Fluid loss increases of PVA/HA composite hydrogel as the load and the torsional angle increase, which causes the decrease of fluid load support and the increase of friction coefficient. 27209115 3 56 theme load 464:467 arg1 support 469:475 fluid load support 458:475 fluid load support of PVA/HA composite hydrogel 458:504 The finite element method was used to study fluid load support of PVA/HA composite hydrogel. 27209115 7 57 theme adhesion 980:987 arg1 zone 989:992 the adhesion zone 976:992 the adhesion zone 976:992 As the torsional angle increases, friction coefficient and slip trend of the contact interface increase, resulting in the increase of the slip zone and the reduction of the adhesion zone. 27209115 8 58 theme support 1131:1137 arg1 increase 1147:1154 the increase 1143:1154 the increase of friction coefficient 1143:1178 Fluid loss increases of PVA/HA composite hydrogel as the load and the torsional angle increase, which causes the decrease of fluid load support and the increase of friction coefficient. 27209115 8 58 theme support 1131:1137 arg1 decrease 1108:1115 the decrease 1104:1115 the decrease of fluid load support 1104:1137 Fluid loss increases of PVA/HA composite hydrogel as the load and the torsional angle increase, which causes the decrease of fluid load support and the increase of friction coefficient. 27209115 2 59 theme femoral 325:331 arg1 head 333:336 CoCrMo femoral head 318:336 CoCrMo femoral head 318:336 This study aimed to investigate (1) the torsional friction contact state and the transformation mechanism of PVA/HA composite hydrogel against CoCrMo femoral head and (2) effects of load and torsional angle on torsional friction behavior. 27209115 3 60 used used 444:447 arg2 method 433:438 The finite element method 414:438 The finite element method 414:438 The finite element method was used to study fluid load support of PVA/HA composite hydrogel. 27209115 4 61 theme torsional 585:593 arg1 time 604:607 torsional friction time 585:607 torsional friction time 585:607 Results show fluid loss increases gradually of PVA/HA composite hydrogel with torsional friction time, leading to fluid load support decreases. 27209115 7 62 theme zone 989:992 arg1 reduction 963:971 the reduction 959:971 the reduction of the adhesion zone 959:992 As the torsional angle increases, friction coefficient and slip trend of the contact interface increase, resulting in the increase of the slip zone and the reduction of the adhesion zone. 27209115 7 62 theme zone 989:992 arg1 increase 929:936 the increase 925:936 the increase of the slip zone 925:953 As the torsional angle increases, friction coefficient and slip trend of the contact interface increase, resulting in the increase of the slip zone and the reduction of the adhesion zone. 27209115 7 63 theme zone 950:953 arg1 reduction 963:971 the reduction 959:971 the reduction of the adhesion zone 959:992 As the torsional angle increases, friction coefficient and slip trend of the contact interface increase, resulting in the increase of the slip zone and the reduction of the adhesion zone. 27209115 7 63 theme zone 950:953 arg1 increase 929:936 the increase 925:936 the increase of the slip zone 925:953 As the torsional angle increases, friction coefficient and slip trend of the contact interface increase, resulting in the increase of the slip zone and the reduction of the adhesion zone. 27209115 2 64 theme CoCrMo 318:323 arg1 head 333:336 CoCrMo femoral head 318:336 CoCrMo femoral head 318:336 This study aimed to investigate (1) the torsional friction contact state and the transformation mechanism of PVA/HA composite hydrogel against CoCrMo femoral head and (2) effects of load and torsional angle on torsional friction behavior. 27209115 2 65 theme contact 234:240 arg1 state 242:246 the torsional friction contact state 211:246 the torsional friction contact state 211:246 This study aimed to investigate (1) the torsional friction contact state and the transformation mechanism of PVA/HA composite hydrogel against CoCrMo femoral head and (2) effects of load and torsional angle on torsional friction behavior. 27209115 3 66 theme PVA/HA 480:485 arg1 hydrogel 497:504 PVA/HA composite hydrogel 480:504 PVA/HA composite hydrogel 480:504 The finite element method was used to study fluid load support of PVA/HA composite hydrogel. 27209115 2 67 from mechanism 271:279 arg1 behavior 404:411 torsional friction behavior 385:411 torsional friction behavior 385:411 This study aimed to investigate (1) the torsional friction contact state and the transformation mechanism of PVA/HA composite hydrogel against CoCrMo femoral head and (2) effects of load and torsional angle on torsional friction behavior. 27209115 2 68 theme friction 225:232 arg1 state 242:246 the torsional friction contact state 211:246 the torsional friction contact state 211:246 This study aimed to investigate (1) the torsional friction contact state and the transformation mechanism of PVA/HA composite hydrogel against CoCrMo femoral head and (2) effects of load and torsional angle on torsional friction behavior. 27209115 3 69 theme composite 487:495 arg1 hydrogel 497:504 PVA/HA composite hydrogel 480:504 PVA/HA composite hydrogel 480:504 The finite element method was used to study fluid load support of PVA/HA composite hydrogel. 27209115 8 70 theme composite 1026:1034 arg1 hydrogel 1036:1043 PVA/HA composite hydrogel 1019:1043 PVA/HA composite hydrogel as the load 1019:1055 Fluid loss increases of PVA/HA composite hydrogel as the load and the torsional angle increase, which causes the decrease of fluid load support and the increase of friction coefficient. 27209115 4 71 theme friction 595:602 arg1 time 604:607 torsional friction time 585:607 torsional friction time 585:607 Results show fluid loss increases gradually of PVA/HA composite hydrogel with torsional friction time, leading to fluid load support decreases. 25036960 0 0 theme sulfate 80:86 arg1 structure 46:54 sulfated structure 37:54 sulfated structure of cell-surface heparan sulfate in differentiated Caco-2 cells 37:117 Pectin of Prunus domestica L. alters sulfated structure of cell-surface heparan sulfate in differentiated Caco-2 cells through stimulation of heparan sulfate 6-O-endosulfatase-2. 25036960 2 1 theme pectin-induced 482:495 arg1 changes 511:517 the pectin-induced morphological changes 478:517 the pectin-induced morphological changes of the small intestine 478:540 As heparan sulfate plays important roles in development of the small intestine, to verify the involvement of heparan sulfate (HS) in the pectin-induced morphological changes of the small intestine, the effects of pectin from Prunus domestica L. on cell-surface HS were investigated using differentiated Caco-2 cells. 25036960 0 2 theme 6-O-endosulfatase-2 158:176 arg1 stimulation 127:137 stimulation 127:137 stimulation of heparan sulfate 6-O-endosulfatase-2 127:176 Pectin of Prunus domestica L. alters sulfated structure of cell-surface heparan sulfate in differentiated Caco-2 cells through stimulation of heparan sulfate 6-O-endosulfatase-2. 25036960 1 3 theme intestine 275:283 arg1 changes 254:260 morphological changes 240:260 morphological changes of the small intestine 240:283 Although previous reports have suggested that pectin induces morphological changes of the small intestine in vivo, the molecular mechanisms have not been elucidated. 25036960 0 4 theme heparan 72:78 arg1 sulfate 80:86 cell-surface heparan sulfate 59:86 cell-surface heparan sulfate 59:86 Pectin of Prunus domestica L. alters sulfated structure of cell-surface heparan sulfate in differentiated Caco-2 cells through stimulation of heparan sulfate 6-O-endosulfatase-2. 25036960 3 5 theme sulfated 712:719 arg1 structures 721:730 sulfated structures 712:730 sulfated structures of HS 712:736 Disaccharide compositional analysis revealed that sulfated structures of HS were markedly changed by pectin administration. 25036960 2 6 theme cell-surface 593:604 arg1 HS 606:607 cell-surface HS 593:607 cell-surface HS 593:607 As heparan sulfate plays important roles in development of the small intestine, to verify the involvement of heparan sulfate (HS) in the pectin-induced morphological changes of the small intestine, the effects of pectin from Prunus domestica L. on cell-surface HS were investigated using differentiated Caco-2 cells. 25036960 2 7 theme important 370:378 arg1 roles 380:384 important roles 370:384 important roles 370:384 As heparan sulfate plays important roles in development of the small intestine, to verify the involvement of heparan sulfate (HS) in the pectin-induced morphological changes of the small intestine, the effects of pectin from Prunus domestica L. on cell-surface HS were investigated using differentiated Caco-2 cells. 25036960 0 8 theme differentiated 91:104 arg1 cells 113:117 differentiated Caco-2 cells 91:117 differentiated Caco-2 cells 91:117 Pectin of Prunus domestica L. alters sulfated structure of cell-surface heparan sulfate in differentiated Caco-2 cells through stimulation of heparan sulfate 6-O-endosulfatase-2. 25036960 2 9 theme small 526:530 arg1 intestine 532:540 the small intestine 522:540 the small intestine 522:540 As heparan sulfate plays important roles in development of the small intestine, to verify the involvement of heparan sulfate (HS) in the pectin-induced morphological changes of the small intestine, the effects of pectin from Prunus domestica L. on cell-surface HS were investigated using differentiated Caco-2 cells. 25036960 0 10 from structure 46:54 arg1 cells 113:117 differentiated Caco-2 cells 91:117 differentiated Caco-2 cells 91:117 Pectin of Prunus domestica L. alters sulfated structure of cell-surface heparan sulfate in differentiated Caco-2 cells through stimulation of heparan sulfate 6-O-endosulfatase-2. 25036960 6 11 theme sulfated 1267:1274 arg1 structure 1276:1284 the sulfated structure 1263:1284 the sulfated structure of HS on differentiated Caco-2 cells 1263:1321 These observations indicate that pectin induced the expression of HSulf-2 through the interaction with fibronectin, α5β1 integrin, and ERK1/2, thereby regulating the sulfated structure of HS on differentiated Caco-2 cells. 25036960 2 12 theme differentiated 633:646 arg1 cells 655:659 differentiated Caco-2 cells 633:659 differentiated Caco-2 cells 633:659 As heparan sulfate plays important roles in development of the small intestine, to verify the involvement of heparan sulfate (HS) in the pectin-induced morphological changes of the small intestine, the effects of pectin from Prunus domestica L. on cell-surface HS were investigated using differentiated Caco-2 cells. 25036960 2 13 theme Caco-2 648:653 arg1 cells 655:659 differentiated Caco-2 cells 633:659 differentiated Caco-2 cells 633:659 As heparan sulfate plays important roles in development of the small intestine, to verify the involvement of heparan sulfate (HS) in the pectin-induced morphological changes of the small intestine, the effects of pectin from Prunus domestica L. on cell-surface HS were investigated using differentiated Caco-2 cells. 25036960 5 14 theme ERK1/2 1038:1043 arg1 inhibitor 1045:1053 ERK1/2 inhibitor 1038:1053 ERK1/2 inhibitor 1038:1053 Furthermore, inhibition analysis suggested that pretreatment with fibronectin III1C fragment, RGD peptide, and ERK1/2 inhibitor suppressed pectin-induced HSulf-2 expression. 25036960 1 15 theme previous 188:195 arg1 reports 197:203 previous reports 188:203 previous reports 188:203 Although previous reports have suggested that pectin induces morphological changes of the small intestine in vivo, the molecular mechanisms have not been elucidated. 25036960 0 16 theme Caco-2 106:111 arg1 cells 113:117 differentiated Caco-2 cells 91:117 differentiated Caco-2 cells 91:117 Pectin of Prunus domestica L. alters sulfated structure of cell-surface heparan sulfate in differentiated Caco-2 cells through stimulation of heparan sulfate 6-O-endosulfatase-2. 25036960 6 17 theme α5β1 1217:1220 arg1 integrin 1222:1229 α5β1 integrin 1217:1229 α5β1 integrin 1217:1229 These observations indicate that pectin induced the expression of HSulf-2 through the interaction with fibronectin, α5β1 integrin, and ERK1/2, thereby regulating the sulfated structure of HS on differentiated Caco-2 cells. 25036960 6 18 from structure 1276:1284 arg1 cells 1317:1321 differentiated Caco-2 cells 1295:1321 differentiated Caco-2 cells 1295:1321 These observations indicate that pectin induced the expression of HSulf-2 through the interaction with fibronectin, α5β1 integrin, and ERK1/2, thereby regulating the sulfated structure of HS on differentiated Caco-2 cells. 25036960 2 19 theme small 408:412 arg1 intestine 414:422 the small intestine 404:422 the small intestine 404:422 As heparan sulfate plays important roles in development of the small intestine, to verify the involvement of heparan sulfate (HS) in the pectin-induced morphological changes of the small intestine, the effects of pectin from Prunus domestica L. on cell-surface HS were investigated using differentiated Caco-2 cells. 25036960 2 20 theme sulfate 462:468 arg1 involvement 439:449 the involvement 435:449 the involvement of heparan sulfate (HS) in the pectin-induced morphological changes of the small intestine 435:540 As heparan sulfate plays important roles in development of the small intestine, to verify the involvement of heparan sulfate (HS) in the pectin-induced morphological changes of the small intestine, the effects of pectin from Prunus domestica L. on cell-surface HS were investigated using differentiated Caco-2 cells. 25036960 4 21 theme HSulf-1 907:913 arg1 expression 915:924 HSulf-1 expression 907:924 HSulf-1 expression 907:924 Real-time RT-PCR showed that pectin upregulated human HS 6-O-endosulfatase-2 (HSulf-2) expression and markedly inhibited HSulf-1 expression. 25036960 5 22 theme HSulf-2 1081:1087 arg1 expression 1089:1098 pectin-induced HSulf-2 expression 1066:1098 pectin-induced HSulf-2 expression 1066:1098 Furthermore, inhibition analysis suggested that pretreatment with fibronectin III1C fragment, RGD peptide, and ERK1/2 inhibitor suppressed pectin-induced HSulf-2 expression. 25036960 0 23 theme sulfate 150:156 arg1 6-O-endosulfatase-2 158:176 heparan sulfate 6-O-endosulfatase-2 142:176 heparan sulfate 6-O-endosulfatase-2 142:176 Pectin of Prunus domestica L. alters sulfated structure of cell-surface heparan sulfate in differentiated Caco-2 cells through stimulation of heparan sulfate 6-O-endosulfatase-2. 25036960 2 24 theme heparan 454:460 arg1 HS 471:472 HS 471:472 HS 471:472 As heparan sulfate plays important roles in development of the small intestine, to verify the involvement of heparan sulfate (HS) in the pectin-induced morphological changes of the small intestine, the effects of pectin from Prunus domestica L. on cell-surface HS were investigated using differentiated Caco-2 cells. 25036960 2 24 theme heparan 454:460 arg1 sulfate 462:468 heparan sulfate 454:468 heparan sulfate (HS) 454:473 As heparan sulfate plays important roles in development of the small intestine, to verify the involvement of heparan sulfate (HS) in the pectin-induced morphological changes of the small intestine, the effects of pectin from Prunus domestica L. on cell-surface HS were investigated using differentiated Caco-2 cells. 25036960 6 25 theme HS 1289:1290 arg1 structure 1276:1284 the sulfated structure 1263:1284 the sulfated structure of HS on differentiated Caco-2 cells 1263:1321 These observations indicate that pectin induced the expression of HSulf-2 through the interaction with fibronectin, α5β1 integrin, and ERK1/2, thereby regulating the sulfated structure of HS on differentiated Caco-2 cells. 25036960 0 26 theme domestica 17:25 arg1 L. 27:28 Prunus domestica L. 10:28 Prunus domestica L. 10:28 Pectin of Prunus domestica L. alters sulfated structure of cell-surface heparan sulfate in differentiated Caco-2 cells through stimulation of heparan sulfate 6-O-endosulfatase-2. 25036960 1 27 theme molecular 298:306 arg1 mechanisms 308:317 the molecular mechanisms 294:317 the molecular mechanisms 294:317 Although previous reports have suggested that pectin induces morphological changes of the small intestine in vivo, the molecular mechanisms have not been elucidated. 25036960 4 28 theme Real-time 786:794 arg1 RT-PCR 796:801 Real-time RT-PCR 786:801 Real-time RT-PCR 786:801 Real-time RT-PCR showed that pectin upregulated human HS 6-O-endosulfatase-2 (HSulf-2) expression and markedly inhibited HSulf-1 expression. 25036960 0 29 theme Prunus 10:15 arg1 L. 27:28 Prunus domestica L. 10:28 Prunus domestica L. 10:28 Pectin of Prunus domestica L. alters sulfated structure of cell-surface heparan sulfate in differentiated Caco-2 cells through stimulation of heparan sulfate 6-O-endosulfatase-2. 25036960 3 30 theme pectin 763:768 arg1 administration 770:783 pectin administration 763:783 pectin administration 763:783 Disaccharide compositional analysis revealed that sulfated structures of HS were markedly changed by pectin administration. 25036960 5 31 with pretreatment 975:986 arg1 fragment 1011:1018 fibronectin III1C fragment 993:1018 fibronectin III1C fragment 993:1018 Furthermore, inhibition analysis suggested that pretreatment with fibronectin III1C fragment, RGD peptide, and ERK1/2 inhibitor suppressed pectin-induced HSulf-2 expression. 25036960 5 31 with pretreatment 975:986 arg1 peptide 1025:1031 RGD peptide 1021:1031 RGD peptide 1021:1031 Furthermore, inhibition analysis suggested that pretreatment with fibronectin III1C fragment, RGD peptide, and ERK1/2 inhibitor suppressed pectin-induced HSulf-2 expression. 25036960 5 31 with pretreatment 975:986 arg1 inhibitor 1045:1053 ERK1/2 inhibitor 1038:1053 ERK1/2 inhibitor 1038:1053 Furthermore, inhibition analysis suggested that pretreatment with fibronectin III1C fragment, RGD peptide, and ERK1/2 inhibitor suppressed pectin-induced HSulf-2 expression. 25036960 6 32 with interaction 1187:1197 arg1 fibronectin 1204:1214 fibronectin 1204:1214 fibronectin 1204:1214 These observations indicate that pectin induced the expression of HSulf-2 through the interaction with fibronectin, α5β1 integrin, and ERK1/2, thereby regulating the sulfated structure of HS on differentiated Caco-2 cells. 25036960 6 32 with interaction 1187:1197 arg1 integrin 1222:1229 α5β1 integrin 1217:1229 α5β1 integrin 1217:1229 These observations indicate that pectin induced the expression of HSulf-2 through the interaction with fibronectin, α5β1 integrin, and ERK1/2, thereby regulating the sulfated structure of HS on differentiated Caco-2 cells. 25036960 6 32 with interaction 1187:1197 arg1 ERK1/2 1236:1241 ERK1/2 1236:1241 ERK1/2 1236:1241 These observations indicate that pectin induced the expression of HSulf-2 through the interaction with fibronectin, α5β1 integrin, and ERK1/2, thereby regulating the sulfated structure of HS on differentiated Caco-2 cells. 25036960 0 33 theme heparan 142:148 arg1 sulfate 150:156 heparan sulfate 142:156 heparan sulfate 6-O-endosulfatase-2 142:176 Pectin of Prunus domestica L. alters sulfated structure of cell-surface heparan sulfate in differentiated Caco-2 cells through stimulation of heparan sulfate 6-O-endosulfatase-2. 25036960 3 34 theme Disaccharide 662:673 arg1 analysis 689:696 Disaccharide compositional analysis 662:696 Disaccharide compositional analysis 662:696 Disaccharide compositional analysis revealed that sulfated structures of HS were markedly changed by pectin administration. 25036960 0 35 theme L. 27:28 arg1 Pectin 0:5 Pectin 0:5 Pectin of Prunus domestica L. 0:28 Pectin of Prunus domestica L. alters sulfated structure of cell-surface heparan sulfate in differentiated Caco-2 cells through stimulation of heparan sulfate 6-O-endosulfatase-2. 25036960 1 36 theme morphological 240:252 arg1 changes 254:260 morphological changes 240:260 morphological changes of the small intestine 240:283 Although previous reports have suggested that pectin induces morphological changes of the small intestine in vivo, the molecular mechanisms have not been elucidated. 25036960 2 37 theme intestine 532:540 arg1 changes 511:517 the pectin-induced morphological changes 478:517 the pectin-induced morphological changes of the small intestine 478:540 As heparan sulfate plays important roles in development of the small intestine, to verify the involvement of heparan sulfate (HS) in the pectin-induced morphological changes of the small intestine, the effects of pectin from Prunus domestica L. on cell-surface HS were investigated using differentiated Caco-2 cells. 25036960 2 38 theme domestica 577:585 arg1 L. 587:588 Prunus domestica L. 570:588 Prunus domestica L. 570:588 As heparan sulfate plays important roles in development of the small intestine, to verify the involvement of heparan sulfate (HS) in the pectin-induced morphological changes of the small intestine, the effects of pectin from Prunus domestica L. on cell-surface HS were investigated using differentiated Caco-2 cells. 25036960 2 39 from L. 587:588 arg1 effects 547:553 the effects 543:553 the effects of pectin from Prunus domestica L. on cell-surface HS 543:607 As heparan sulfate plays important roles in development of the small intestine, to verify the involvement of heparan sulfate (HS) in the pectin-induced morphological changes of the small intestine, the effects of pectin from Prunus domestica L. on cell-surface HS were investigated using differentiated Caco-2 cells. 25036960 2 39 from L. 587:588 arg1 pectin 558:563 pectin 558:563 pectin from Prunus domestica L. 558:588 As heparan sulfate plays important roles in development of the small intestine, to verify the involvement of heparan sulfate (HS) in the pectin-induced morphological changes of the small intestine, the effects of pectin from Prunus domestica L. on cell-surface HS were investigated using differentiated Caco-2 cells. 25036960 2 40 from involvement 439:449 arg1 changes 511:517 the pectin-induced morphological changes 478:517 the pectin-induced morphological changes of the small intestine 478:540 As heparan sulfate plays important roles in development of the small intestine, to verify the involvement of heparan sulfate (HS) in the pectin-induced morphological changes of the small intestine, the effects of pectin from Prunus domestica L. on cell-surface HS were investigated using differentiated Caco-2 cells. 25036960 0 41 theme sulfated 37:44 arg1 structure 46:54 sulfated structure 37:54 sulfated structure of cell-surface heparan sulfate in differentiated Caco-2 cells 37:117 Pectin of Prunus domestica L. alters sulfated structure of cell-surface heparan sulfate in differentiated Caco-2 cells through stimulation of heparan sulfate 6-O-endosulfatase-2. 25036960 2 42 theme intestine 414:422 arg1 development 389:399 development 389:399 development of the small intestine 389:422 As heparan sulfate plays important roles in development of the small intestine, to verify the involvement of heparan sulfate (HS) in the pectin-induced morphological changes of the small intestine, the effects of pectin from Prunus domestica L. on cell-surface HS were investigated using differentiated Caco-2 cells. 25036960 2 43 theme Prunus 570:575 arg1 L. 587:588 Prunus domestica L. 570:588 Prunus domestica L. 570:588 As heparan sulfate plays important roles in development of the small intestine, to verify the involvement of heparan sulfate (HS) in the pectin-induced morphological changes of the small intestine, the effects of pectin from Prunus domestica L. on cell-surface HS were investigated using differentiated Caco-2 cells. 25036960 6 44 theme Caco-2 1310:1315 arg1 cells 1317:1321 differentiated Caco-2 cells 1295:1321 differentiated Caco-2 cells 1295:1321 These observations indicate that pectin induced the expression of HSulf-2 through the interaction with fibronectin, α5β1 integrin, and ERK1/2, thereby regulating the sulfated structure of HS on differentiated Caco-2 cells. 25036960 4 45 theme HS 840:841 arg1 HSulf-2 864:870 HSulf-2 864:870 HSulf-2 864:870 Real-time RT-PCR showed that pectin upregulated human HS 6-O-endosulfatase-2 (HSulf-2) expression and markedly inhibited HSulf-1 expression. 25036960 4 45 theme HS 840:841 arg1 6-O-endosulfatase-2 843:861 human HS 6-O-endosulfatase-2 834:861 human HS 6-O-endosulfatase-2 (HSulf-2) expression 834:882 Real-time RT-PCR showed that pectin upregulated human HS 6-O-endosulfatase-2 (HSulf-2) expression and markedly inhibited HSulf-1 expression. 25036960 6 46 theme differentiated 1295:1308 arg1 cells 1317:1321 differentiated Caco-2 cells 1295:1321 differentiated Caco-2 cells 1295:1321 These observations indicate that pectin induced the expression of HSulf-2 through the interaction with fibronectin, α5β1 integrin, and ERK1/2, thereby regulating the sulfated structure of HS on differentiated Caco-2 cells. 25036960 4 47 theme human 834:838 arg1 HSulf-2 864:870 HSulf-2 864:870 HSulf-2 864:870 Real-time RT-PCR showed that pectin upregulated human HS 6-O-endosulfatase-2 (HSulf-2) expression and markedly inhibited HSulf-1 expression. 25036960 4 47 theme human 834:838 arg1 6-O-endosulfatase-2 843:861 human HS 6-O-endosulfatase-2 834:861 human HS 6-O-endosulfatase-2 (HSulf-2) expression 834:882 Real-time RT-PCR showed that pectin upregulated human HS 6-O-endosulfatase-2 (HSulf-2) expression and markedly inhibited HSulf-1 expression. 25036960 2 48 theme heparan 348:354 arg1 sulfate 356:362 heparan sulfate 348:362 heparan sulfate 348:362 As heparan sulfate plays important roles in development of the small intestine, to verify the involvement of heparan sulfate (HS) in the pectin-induced morphological changes of the small intestine, the effects of pectin from Prunus domestica L. on cell-surface HS were investigated using differentiated Caco-2 cells. 25036960 5 49 theme RGD 1021:1023 arg1 peptide 1025:1031 RGD peptide 1021:1031 RGD peptide 1021:1031 Furthermore, inhibition analysis suggested that pretreatment with fibronectin III1C fragment, RGD peptide, and ERK1/2 inhibitor suppressed pectin-induced HSulf-2 expression. 25036960 2 50 theme pectin 558:563 arg1 effects 547:553 the effects 543:553 the effects of pectin from Prunus domestica L. on cell-surface HS 543:607 As heparan sulfate plays important roles in development of the small intestine, to verify the involvement of heparan sulfate (HS) in the pectin-induced morphological changes of the small intestine, the effects of pectin from Prunus domestica L. on cell-surface HS were investigated using differentiated Caco-2 cells. 25036960 3 51 theme compositional 675:687 arg1 analysis 689:696 Disaccharide compositional analysis 662:696 Disaccharide compositional analysis 662:696 Disaccharide compositional analysis revealed that sulfated structures of HS were markedly changed by pectin administration. 25036960 5 52 theme pectin-induced 1066:1079 arg1 expression 1089:1098 pectin-induced HSulf-2 expression 1066:1098 pectin-induced HSulf-2 expression 1066:1098 Furthermore, inhibition analysis suggested that pretreatment with fibronectin III1C fragment, RGD peptide, and ERK1/2 inhibitor suppressed pectin-induced HSulf-2 expression. 25036960 5 53 theme III1C 1005:1009 arg1 fragment 1011:1018 fibronectin III1C fragment 993:1018 fibronectin III1C fragment 993:1018 Furthermore, inhibition analysis suggested that pretreatment with fibronectin III1C fragment, RGD peptide, and ERK1/2 inhibitor suppressed pectin-induced HSulf-2 expression. 25036960 5 54 theme fibronectin 993:1003 arg1 fragment 1011:1018 fibronectin III1C fragment 993:1018 fibronectin III1C fragment 993:1018 Furthermore, inhibition analysis suggested that pretreatment with fibronectin III1C fragment, RGD peptide, and ERK1/2 inhibitor suppressed pectin-induced HSulf-2 expression. 25036960 0 55 theme cell-surface 59:70 arg1 sulfate 80:86 cell-surface heparan sulfate 59:86 cell-surface heparan sulfate 59:86 Pectin of Prunus domestica L. alters sulfated structure of cell-surface heparan sulfate in differentiated Caco-2 cells through stimulation of heparan sulfate 6-O-endosulfatase-2. 25036960 4 56 theme 6-O-endosulfatase-2 843:861 arg1 expression 873:882 human HS 6-O-endosulfatase-2 (HSulf-2) expression 834:882 human HS 6-O-endosulfatase-2 (HSulf-2) expression 834:882 Real-time RT-PCR showed that pectin upregulated human HS 6-O-endosulfatase-2 (HSulf-2) expression and markedly inhibited HSulf-1 expression. 25036960 5 57 theme inhibition 940:949 arg1 analysis 951:958 inhibition analysis 940:958 inhibition analysis 940:958 Furthermore, inhibition analysis suggested that pretreatment with fibronectin III1C fragment, RGD peptide, and ERK1/2 inhibitor suppressed pectin-induced HSulf-2 expression. 25036960 6 58 theme HSulf-2 1167:1173 arg1 expression 1153:1162 the expression 1149:1162 the expression of HSulf-2 1149:1173 These observations indicate that pectin induced the expression of HSulf-2 through the interaction with fibronectin, α5β1 integrin, and ERK1/2, thereby regulating the sulfated structure of HS on differentiated Caco-2 cells. 25036960 2 59 theme morphological 497:509 arg1 changes 511:517 the pectin-induced morphological changes 478:517 the pectin-induced morphological changes of the small intestine 478:540 As heparan sulfate plays important roles in development of the small intestine, to verify the involvement of heparan sulfate (HS) in the pectin-induced morphological changes of the small intestine, the effects of pectin from Prunus domestica L. on cell-surface HS were investigated using differentiated Caco-2 cells. 25036960 2 60 from effects 547:553 arg1 L. 587:588 Prunus domestica L. 570:588 Prunus domestica L. 570:588 As heparan sulfate plays important roles in development of the small intestine, to verify the involvement of heparan sulfate (HS) in the pectin-induced morphological changes of the small intestine, the effects of pectin from Prunus domestica L. on cell-surface HS were investigated using differentiated Caco-2 cells. 25036960 2 60 from effects 547:553 arg1 HS 606:607 cell-surface HS 593:607 cell-surface HS 593:607 As heparan sulfate plays important roles in development of the small intestine, to verify the involvement of heparan sulfate (HS) in the pectin-induced morphological changes of the small intestine, the effects of pectin from Prunus domestica L. on cell-surface HS were investigated using differentiated Caco-2 cells. 25036960 3 61 theme HS 735:736 arg1 structures 721:730 sulfated structures 712:730 sulfated structures of HS 712:736 Disaccharide compositional analysis revealed that sulfated structures of HS were markedly changed by pectin administration. 25036960 1 62 theme small 269:273 arg1 intestine 275:283 the small intestine 265:283 the small intestine 265:283 Although previous reports have suggested that pectin induces morphological changes of the small intestine in vivo, the molecular mechanisms have not been elucidated. 25444657 10 0 theme protein 1678:1684 arg1 agent 1695:1699 an ideal protein delivery agent 1669:1699 an ideal protein delivery agent 1669:1699 The ECDHA nanoparticle with a Ca/P ratio similar to degradable TCP and with alginate coating seems to be an ideal protein delivery agent. 25444657 10 0 theme protein 1678:1684 arg1 nanoparticle 1574:1585 The ECDHA nanoparticle 1564:1585 The ECDHA nanoparticle with a Ca/P ratio similar to degradable TCP and with alginate coating 1564:1655 The ECDHA nanoparticle with a Ca/P ratio similar to degradable TCP and with alginate coating seems to be an ideal protein delivery agent. 25444657 2 1 theme bone 320:323 arg1 hydroxyapatite 360:373 a calcium deficient hydroxyapatite 340:373 a calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) which shows more bioactivities and absorbance than stoichiometric HA does 340:454 The mineral phase of the human bone is essentially a calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) which shows more bioactivities and absorbance than stoichiometric HA does. 25444657 2 1 theme bone 320:323 arg1 phase 301:305 The mineral phase 289:305 The mineral phase of the human bone 289:323 The mineral phase of the human bone is essentially a calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) which shows more bioactivities and absorbance than stoichiometric HA does. 25444657 6 2 theme % 1139:1139 arg1 loading 1126:1132 loading 1126:1132 loading of 57% and 37%, respectively 1126:1161 Both eggshells derived and synthetic CDHA samples showed maximum amount of loading of 57% and 37%, respectively at a Ca/P ratio of 1.51, comparing to stoichiometric HA. 25444657 6 3 theme maximum 1108:1114 arg1 loading 1126:1132 loading 1126:1132 loading of 57% and 37%, respectively 1126:1161 Both eggshells derived and synthetic CDHA samples showed maximum amount of loading of 57% and 37%, respectively at a Ca/P ratio of 1.51, comparing to stoichiometric HA. 25444657 6 3 theme maximum 1108:1114 arg1 amount 1116:1121 maximum amount 1108:1121 maximum amount of loading of 57% and 37%, respectively 1108:1161 Both eggshells derived and synthetic CDHA samples showed maximum amount of loading of 57% and 37%, respectively at a Ca/P ratio of 1.51, comparing to stoichiometric HA. 25444657 4 4 theme TCP 783:785 arg1 Ca/P=1.5 795:802 Ca/P=1.5 795:802 Ca/P=1.5 795:802 Nanoparticles with Ca/P molar ratio of 1.67, 1.61 and 1.51 to form CDHAs with compositions covering the properties of stable HA phase (Ca/P=1.67) to degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase (Ca/P=1.5) were synthesized by microwave-accelerated wet chemical synthesis using eggshell as well as synthetic calcium hydroxide as calcium precursors. 25444657 4 4 theme TCP 783:785 arg1 phase 788:792 degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase 750:792 degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase (Ca/P=1.5) 750:803 Nanoparticles with Ca/P molar ratio of 1.67, 1.61 and 1.51 to form CDHAs with compositions covering the properties of stable HA phase (Ca/P=1.67) to degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase (Ca/P=1.5) were synthesized by microwave-accelerated wet chemical synthesis using eggshell as well as synthetic calcium hydroxide as calcium precursors. 25444657 4 5 theme molar 625:629 arg1 ratio 631:635 Ca/P molar ratio 620:635 Ca/P molar ratio of 1.67, 1.61 and 1.51 to form CDHAs with compositions covering the properties of stable HA phase (Ca/P=1.67) to degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase (Ca/P=1.5) 620:803 Nanoparticles with Ca/P molar ratio of 1.67, 1.61 and 1.51 to form CDHAs with compositions covering the properties of stable HA phase (Ca/P=1.67) to degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase (Ca/P=1.5) were synthesized by microwave-accelerated wet chemical synthesis using eggshell as well as synthetic calcium hydroxide as calcium precursors. 25444657 3 6 theme protein 495:501 arg1 system 512:517 a protein delivery system 493:517 a protein delivery system based on eggshell derived CDHA (ECDHA) nanoparticles for bone tissue engineering 493:598 Hence, we have attempted to develop a protein delivery system based on eggshell derived CDHA (ECDHA) nanoparticles for bone tissue engineering. 25444657 9 7 theme coated 1503:1508 arg1 ECDHA 1510:1514 alginate coated ECDHA 1494:1514 alginate coated ECDHA 1494:1514 A maximum release of 65% was observed for alginate coated ECDHA at a Ca/P ratio of 1.51 for a period of 2 days. 25444657 6 8 theme synthetic 1078:1086 arg1 samples 1093:1099 synthetic CDHA samples 1078:1099 synthetic CDHA samples 1078:1099 Both eggshells derived and synthetic CDHA samples showed maximum amount of loading of 57% and 37%, respectively at a Ca/P ratio of 1.51, comparing to stoichiometric HA. 25444657 6 9 theme % 1147:1147 arg1 loading 1126:1132 loading 1126:1132 loading of 57% and 37%, respectively 1126:1161 Both eggshells derived and synthetic CDHA samples showed maximum amount of loading of 57% and 37%, respectively at a Ca/P ratio of 1.51, comparing to stoichiometric HA. 25444657 10 10 theme ECDHA 1568:1572 arg1 agent 1695:1699 an ideal protein delivery agent 1669:1699 an ideal protein delivery agent 1669:1699 The ECDHA nanoparticle with a Ca/P ratio similar to degradable TCP and with alginate coating seems to be an ideal protein delivery agent. 25444657 10 10 theme ECDHA 1568:1572 arg1 nanoparticle 1574:1585 The ECDHA nanoparticle 1564:1585 The ECDHA nanoparticle with a Ca/P ratio similar to degradable TCP and with alginate coating 1564:1655 The ECDHA nanoparticle with a Ca/P ratio similar to degradable TCP and with alginate coating seems to be an ideal protein delivery agent. 25444657 7 11 dep showed 1231:1236 arg1 did 1307:1309 did 1307:1309 showed a much more BSA release (25%) than synthetically derived CDHA (6.5%) did 1231:1309 ECDHA also showed a much more BSA release (25%) than synthetically derived CDHA (6.5%) did. 25444657 9 12 theme Ca/P 1521:1524 arg1 ratio 1526:1530 a Ca/P ratio 1519:1530 a Ca/P ratio of 1.51 for a period of 2 days 1519:1561 A maximum release of 65% was observed for alginate coated ECDHA at a Ca/P ratio of 1.51 for a period of 2 days. 25444657 6 13 theme stoichiometric 1201:1214 arg1 HA 1216:1217 stoichiometric HA 1201:1217 stoichiometric HA 1201:1217 Both eggshells derived and synthetic CDHA samples showed maximum amount of loading of 57% and 37%, respectively at a Ca/P ratio of 1.51, comparing to stoichiometric HA. 25444657 5 14 theme model 1002:1006 arg1 albumin 985:991 bovine serum albumin 972:991 bovine serum albumin (BSA) 972:997 The delivery profiles of bovine serum albumin (BSA), a model protein by the nanocarriers, were studied. 25444657 5 14 theme model 1002:1006 arg1 protein 1008:1014 a model protein 1000:1014 a model protein by the nanocarriers 1000:1034 The delivery profiles of bovine serum albumin (BSA), a model protein by the nanocarriers, were studied. 25444657 10 15 theme Ca/P 1594:1597 arg1 ratio 1599:1603 a Ca/P ratio 1592:1603 a Ca/P ratio similar to degradable TCP 1592:1629 The ECDHA nanoparticle with a Ca/P ratio similar to degradable TCP and with alginate coating seems to be an ideal protein delivery agent. 25444657 1 16 theme minor 217:221 arg1 Sr 277:278 Sr 277:278 Sr 277:278 Eggshell is an attractive natural source of calcium for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) as it contains minor amounts of biologically relevant elements such as Mg, Sr, and Si. 25444657 1 16 theme minor 217:221 arg1 amounts 223:229 minor amounts 217:229 minor amounts of biologically relevant elements such as Mg, Sr, and Si 217:286 Eggshell is an attractive natural source of calcium for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) as it contains minor amounts of biologically relevant elements such as Mg, Sr, and Si. 25444657 1 16 theme minor 217:221 arg1 Si 285:286 Si 285:286 Si 285:286 Eggshell is an attractive natural source of calcium for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) as it contains minor amounts of biologically relevant elements such as Mg, Sr, and Si. 25444657 1 16 theme minor 217:221 arg1 elements 256:263 biologically relevant elements 234:263 biologically relevant elements such as Mg, Sr, and Si 234:286 Eggshell is an attractive natural source of calcium for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) as it contains minor amounts of biologically relevant elements such as Mg, Sr, and Si. 25444657 1 16 theme minor 217:221 arg1 Mg 273:274 Mg 273:274 Mg 273:274 Eggshell is an attractive natural source of calcium for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) as it contains minor amounts of biologically relevant elements such as Mg, Sr, and Si. 25444657 7 17 theme more 1245:1248 arg1 release 1254:1260 a much more BSA release 1238:1260 a much more BSA release (25%) than synthetically derived CDHA (6.5%) 1238:1305 ECDHA also showed a much more BSA release (25%) than synthetically derived CDHA (6.5%) did. 25444657 7 17 theme more 1245:1248 arg1 % 1265:1265 25% 1263:1265 25% 1263:1265 ECDHA also showed a much more BSA release (25%) than synthetically derived CDHA (6.5%) did. 25444657 5 18 theme albumin 985:991 arg1 profiles 960:967 The delivery profiles 947:967 The delivery profiles of bovine serum albumin (BSA), a model protein by the nanocarriers, 947:1035 The delivery profiles of bovine serum albumin (BSA), a model protein by the nanocarriers, were studied. 25444657 4 19 theme wet 847:849 arg1 synthesis 860:868 microwave-accelerated wet chemical synthesis 825:868 microwave-accelerated wet chemical synthesis using eggshell as well as synthetic calcium hydroxide as calcium precursors 825:944 Nanoparticles with Ca/P molar ratio of 1.67, 1.61 and 1.51 to form CDHAs with compositions covering the properties of stable HA phase (Ca/P=1.67) to degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase (Ca/P=1.5) were synthesized by microwave-accelerated wet chemical synthesis using eggshell as well as synthetic calcium hydroxide as calcium precursors. 25444657 6 20 theme 1.51 1182:1185 arg1 ratio 1173:1177 a Ca/P ratio 1166:1177 a Ca/P ratio of 1.51 1166:1185 Both eggshells derived and synthetic CDHA samples showed maximum amount of loading of 57% and 37%, respectively at a Ca/P ratio of 1.51, comparing to stoichiometric HA. 25444657 3 21 theme tissue 581:586 arg1 engineering 588:598 bone tissue engineering 576:598 bone tissue engineering 576:598 Hence, we have attempted to develop a protein delivery system based on eggshell derived CDHA (ECDHA) nanoparticles for bone tissue engineering. 25444657 1 22 theme calcium 153:159 arg1 source 143:148 an attractive natural source 121:148 an attractive natural source of calcium for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) 121:200 Eggshell is an attractive natural source of calcium for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) as it contains minor amounts of biologically relevant elements such as Mg, Sr, and Si. 25444657 1 22 theme calcium 153:159 arg1 Eggshell 109:116 Eggshell 109:116 Eggshell 109:116 Eggshell is an attractive natural source of calcium for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) as it contains minor amounts of biologically relevant elements such as Mg, Sr, and Si. 25444657 0 23 theme apatitic-alginate 67:83 arg1 nanocarriers 95:106 apatitic-alginate composite nanocarriers 67:106 apatitic-alginate composite nanocarriers 67:106 Enhanced protein delivery by multi-ion containing eggshell derived apatitic-alginate composite nanocarriers. 25444657 10 24 theme similar 1605:1611 arg1 ratio 1599:1603 a Ca/P ratio 1592:1603 a Ca/P ratio similar to degradable TCP 1592:1629 The ECDHA nanoparticle with a Ca/P ratio similar to degradable TCP and with alginate coating seems to be an ideal protein delivery agent. 25444657 4 25 theme calcium 927:933 arg1 hydroxide 914:922 synthetic calcium hydroxide 896:922 eggshell as well as synthetic calcium hydroxide 876:922 Nanoparticles with Ca/P molar ratio of 1.67, 1.61 and 1.51 to form CDHAs with compositions covering the properties of stable HA phase (Ca/P=1.67) to degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase (Ca/P=1.5) were synthesized by microwave-accelerated wet chemical synthesis using eggshell as well as synthetic calcium hydroxide as calcium precursors. 25444657 4 25 theme calcium 927:933 arg1 precursors 935:944 calcium precursors 927:944 calcium precursors 927:944 Nanoparticles with Ca/P molar ratio of 1.67, 1.61 and 1.51 to form CDHAs with compositions covering the properties of stable HA phase (Ca/P=1.67) to degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase (Ca/P=1.5) were synthesized by microwave-accelerated wet chemical synthesis using eggshell as well as synthetic calcium hydroxide as calcium precursors. 25444657 4 25 theme calcium 927:933 arg1 eggshell 876:883 eggshell 876:883 eggshell as well as synthetic calcium hydroxide 876:922 Nanoparticles with Ca/P molar ratio of 1.67, 1.61 and 1.51 to form CDHAs with compositions covering the properties of stable HA phase (Ca/P=1.67) to degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase (Ca/P=1.5) were synthesized by microwave-accelerated wet chemical synthesis using eggshell as well as synthetic calcium hydroxide as calcium precursors. 25444657 10 26 theme degradable 1616:1625 arg1 TCP 1627:1629 degradable TCP 1616:1629 degradable TCP 1616:1629 The ECDHA nanoparticle with a Ca/P ratio similar to degradable TCP and with alginate coating seems to be an ideal protein delivery agent. 25444657 2 27 dep HA 448:449 arg1 does 451:454 does 451:454 does 451:454 The mineral phase of the human bone is essentially a calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) which shows more bioactivities and absorbance than stoichiometric HA does. 25444657 4 28 theme synthetic 896:904 arg1 hydroxide 914:922 synthetic calcium hydroxide 896:922 eggshell as well as synthetic calcium hydroxide 876:922 Nanoparticles with Ca/P molar ratio of 1.67, 1.61 and 1.51 to form CDHAs with compositions covering the properties of stable HA phase (Ca/P=1.67) to degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase (Ca/P=1.5) were synthesized by microwave-accelerated wet chemical synthesis using eggshell as well as synthetic calcium hydroxide as calcium precursors. 25444657 4 28 theme synthetic 896:904 arg1 precursors 935:944 calcium precursors 927:944 calcium precursors 927:944 Nanoparticles with Ca/P molar ratio of 1.67, 1.61 and 1.51 to form CDHAs with compositions covering the properties of stable HA phase (Ca/P=1.67) to degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase (Ca/P=1.5) were synthesized by microwave-accelerated wet chemical synthesis using eggshell as well as synthetic calcium hydroxide as calcium precursors. 25444657 4 28 theme synthetic 896:904 arg1 eggshell 876:883 eggshell 876:883 eggshell as well as synthetic calcium hydroxide 876:922 Nanoparticles with Ca/P molar ratio of 1.67, 1.61 and 1.51 to form CDHAs with compositions covering the properties of stable HA phase (Ca/P=1.67) to degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase (Ca/P=1.5) were synthesized by microwave-accelerated wet chemical synthesis using eggshell as well as synthetic calcium hydroxide as calcium precursors. 25444657 8 29 theme alginate 1352:1359 arg1 coating 1361:1367 alginate coating 1352:1367 alginate coating 1352:1367 To further improve the release profile, alginate coating was carried out on CDHA nanoparticles and the BSA release profiles were evaluated. 25444657 4 30 theme HA 726:727 arg1 Ca/P=1.67 736:744 Ca/P=1.67 736:744 Ca/P=1.67 736:744 Nanoparticles with Ca/P molar ratio of 1.67, 1.61 and 1.51 to form CDHAs with compositions covering the properties of stable HA phase (Ca/P=1.67) to degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase (Ca/P=1.5) were synthesized by microwave-accelerated wet chemical synthesis using eggshell as well as synthetic calcium hydroxide as calcium precursors. 25444657 4 30 theme HA 726:727 arg1 phase 729:733 stable HA phase 719:733 stable HA phase (Ca/P=1.67) to degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase (Ca/P=1.5) 719:803 Nanoparticles with Ca/P molar ratio of 1.67, 1.61 and 1.51 to form CDHAs with compositions covering the properties of stable HA phase (Ca/P=1.67) to degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase (Ca/P=1.5) were synthesized by microwave-accelerated wet chemical synthesis using eggshell as well as synthetic calcium hydroxide as calcium precursors. 25444657 2 31 theme deficient 350:358 arg1 hydroxyapatite 360:373 a calcium deficient hydroxyapatite 340:373 a calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) which shows more bioactivities and absorbance than stoichiometric HA does 340:454 The mineral phase of the human bone is essentially a calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) which shows more bioactivities and absorbance than stoichiometric HA does. 25444657 2 31 theme deficient 350:358 arg1 phase 301:305 The mineral phase 289:305 The mineral phase of the human bone 289:323 The mineral phase of the human bone is essentially a calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) which shows more bioactivities and absorbance than stoichiometric HA does. 25444657 2 31 theme deficient 350:358 arg1 CDHA 376:379 CDHA 376:379 CDHA 376:379 The mineral phase of the human bone is essentially a calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) which shows more bioactivities and absorbance than stoichiometric HA does. 25444657 0 32 theme Enhanced 0:7 arg1 delivery 17:24 Enhanced protein delivery 0:24 Enhanced protein delivery by multi-ion containing eggshell 0:57 Enhanced protein delivery by multi-ion containing eggshell derived apatitic-alginate composite nanocarriers. 25444657 1 33 theme attractive 124:133 arg1 source 143:148 an attractive natural source 121:148 an attractive natural source of calcium for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) 121:200 Eggshell is an attractive natural source of calcium for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) as it contains minor amounts of biologically relevant elements such as Mg, Sr, and Si. 25444657 1 33 theme attractive 124:133 arg1 Eggshell 109:116 Eggshell 109:116 Eggshell 109:116 Eggshell is an attractive natural source of calcium for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) as it contains minor amounts of biologically relevant elements such as Mg, Sr, and Si. 25444657 8 34 theme CDHA 1388:1391 arg1 nanoparticles 1393:1405 CDHA nanoparticles 1388:1405 CDHA nanoparticles 1388:1405 To further improve the release profile, alginate coating was carried out on CDHA nanoparticles and the BSA release profiles were evaluated. 25444657 10 35 theme alginate 1640:1647 arg1 coating 1649:1655 alginate coating 1640:1655 alginate coating 1640:1655 The ECDHA nanoparticle with a Ca/P ratio similar to degradable TCP and with alginate coating seems to be an ideal protein delivery agent. 25444657 4 36 theme degradable 750:759 arg1 Ca/P=1.5 795:802 Ca/P=1.5 795:802 Ca/P=1.5 795:802 Nanoparticles with Ca/P molar ratio of 1.67, 1.61 and 1.51 to form CDHAs with compositions covering the properties of stable HA phase (Ca/P=1.67) to degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase (Ca/P=1.5) were synthesized by microwave-accelerated wet chemical synthesis using eggshell as well as synthetic calcium hydroxide as calcium precursors. 25444657 4 36 theme degradable 750:759 arg1 phase 788:792 degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase 750:792 degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase (Ca/P=1.5) 750:803 Nanoparticles with Ca/P molar ratio of 1.67, 1.61 and 1.51 to form CDHAs with compositions covering the properties of stable HA phase (Ca/P=1.67) to degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase (Ca/P=1.5) were synthesized by microwave-accelerated wet chemical synthesis using eggshell as well as synthetic calcium hydroxide as calcium precursors. 25444657 0 37 theme multi-ion 29:37 arg1 eggshell 50:57 multi-ion containing eggshell 29:57 multi-ion containing eggshell 29:57 Enhanced protein delivery by multi-ion containing eggshell derived apatitic-alginate composite nanocarriers. 25444657 4 38 theme phosphate 772:780 arg1 Ca/P=1.5 795:802 Ca/P=1.5 795:802 Ca/P=1.5 795:802 Nanoparticles with Ca/P molar ratio of 1.67, 1.61 and 1.51 to form CDHAs with compositions covering the properties of stable HA phase (Ca/P=1.67) to degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase (Ca/P=1.5) were synthesized by microwave-accelerated wet chemical synthesis using eggshell as well as synthetic calcium hydroxide as calcium precursors. 25444657 4 38 theme phosphate 772:780 arg1 phase 788:792 degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase 750:792 degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase (Ca/P=1.5) 750:803 Nanoparticles with Ca/P molar ratio of 1.67, 1.61 and 1.51 to form CDHAs with compositions covering the properties of stable HA phase (Ca/P=1.67) to degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase (Ca/P=1.5) were synthesized by microwave-accelerated wet chemical synthesis using eggshell as well as synthetic calcium hydroxide as calcium precursors. 25444657 2 39 theme human 314:318 arg1 bone 320:323 the human bone 310:323 the human bone 310:323 The mineral phase of the human bone is essentially a calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) which shows more bioactivities and absorbance than stoichiometric HA does. 25444657 5 40 theme serum 979:983 arg1 BSA 994:996 BSA 994:996 BSA 994:996 The delivery profiles of bovine serum albumin (BSA), a model protein by the nanocarriers, were studied. 25444657 5 40 theme serum 979:983 arg1 albumin 985:991 bovine serum albumin 972:991 bovine serum albumin (BSA) 972:997 The delivery profiles of bovine serum albumin (BSA), a model protein by the nanocarriers, were studied. 25444657 5 40 theme serum 979:983 arg1 protein 1008:1014 a model protein 1000:1014 a model protein by the nanocarriers 1000:1034 The delivery profiles of bovine serum albumin (BSA), a model protein by the nanocarriers, were studied. 25444657 8 41 theme BSA 1415:1417 arg1 profiles 1427:1434 the BSA release profiles 1411:1434 the BSA release profiles 1411:1434 To further improve the release profile, alginate coating was carried out on CDHA nanoparticles and the BSA release profiles were evaluated. 25444657 4 42 with Nanoparticles 601:613 arg1 ratio 631:635 Ca/P molar ratio 620:635 Ca/P molar ratio of 1.67, 1.61 and 1.51 to form CDHAs with compositions covering the properties of stable HA phase (Ca/P=1.67) to degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase (Ca/P=1.5) 620:803 Nanoparticles with Ca/P molar ratio of 1.67, 1.61 and 1.51 to form CDHAs with compositions covering the properties of stable HA phase (Ca/P=1.67) to degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase (Ca/P=1.5) were synthesized by microwave-accelerated wet chemical synthesis using eggshell as well as synthetic calcium hydroxide as calcium precursors. 25444657 6 43 theme CDHA 1088:1091 arg1 samples 1093:1099 synthetic CDHA samples 1078:1099 synthetic CDHA samples 1078:1099 Both eggshells derived and synthetic CDHA samples showed maximum amount of loading of 57% and 37%, respectively at a Ca/P ratio of 1.51, comparing to stoichiometric HA. 25444657 9 44 theme maximum 1454:1460 arg1 release 1462:1468 A maximum release 1452:1468 A maximum release of 65% 1452:1475 A maximum release of 65% was observed for alginate coated ECDHA at a Ca/P ratio of 1.51 for a period of 2 days. 25444657 5 45 theme delivery 951:958 arg1 profiles 960:967 The delivery profiles 947:967 The delivery profiles of bovine serum albumin (BSA), a model protein by the nanocarriers, 947:1035 The delivery profiles of bovine serum albumin (BSA), a model protein by the nanocarriers, were studied. 25444657 10 46 theme delivery 1686:1693 arg1 agent 1695:1699 an ideal protein delivery agent 1669:1699 an ideal protein delivery agent 1669:1699 The ECDHA nanoparticle with a Ca/P ratio similar to degradable TCP and with alginate coating seems to be an ideal protein delivery agent. 25444657 10 46 theme delivery 1686:1693 arg1 nanoparticle 1574:1585 The ECDHA nanoparticle 1564:1585 The ECDHA nanoparticle with a Ca/P ratio similar to degradable TCP and with alginate coating 1564:1655 The ECDHA nanoparticle with a Ca/P ratio similar to degradable TCP and with alginate coating seems to be an ideal protein delivery agent. 25444657 1 47 theme elements 256:263 arg1 Sr 277:278 Sr 277:278 Sr 277:278 Eggshell is an attractive natural source of calcium for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) as it contains minor amounts of biologically relevant elements such as Mg, Sr, and Si. 25444657 1 47 theme elements 256:263 arg1 amounts 223:229 minor amounts 217:229 minor amounts of biologically relevant elements such as Mg, Sr, and Si 217:286 Eggshell is an attractive natural source of calcium for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) as it contains minor amounts of biologically relevant elements such as Mg, Sr, and Si. 25444657 1 47 theme elements 256:263 arg1 Si 285:286 Si 285:286 Si 285:286 Eggshell is an attractive natural source of calcium for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) as it contains minor amounts of biologically relevant elements such as Mg, Sr, and Si. 25444657 1 47 theme elements 256:263 arg1 elements 256:263 biologically relevant elements 234:263 biologically relevant elements such as Mg, Sr, and Si 234:286 Eggshell is an attractive natural source of calcium for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) as it contains minor amounts of biologically relevant elements such as Mg, Sr, and Si. 25444657 1 47 theme elements 256:263 arg1 Mg 273:274 Mg 273:274 Mg 273:274 Eggshell is an attractive natural source of calcium for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) as it contains minor amounts of biologically relevant elements such as Mg, Sr, and Si. 25444657 9 48 theme % 1475:1475 arg1 release 1462:1468 A maximum release 1452:1468 A maximum release of 65% 1452:1475 A maximum release of 65% was observed for alginate coated ECDHA at a Ca/P ratio of 1.51 for a period of 2 days. 25444657 10 49 theme ideal 1672:1676 arg1 agent 1695:1699 an ideal protein delivery agent 1669:1699 an ideal protein delivery agent 1669:1699 The ECDHA nanoparticle with a Ca/P ratio similar to degradable TCP and with alginate coating seems to be an ideal protein delivery agent. 25444657 10 49 theme ideal 1672:1676 arg1 nanoparticle 1574:1585 The ECDHA nanoparticle 1564:1585 The ECDHA nanoparticle with a Ca/P ratio similar to degradable TCP and with alginate coating 1564:1655 The ECDHA nanoparticle with a Ca/P ratio similar to degradable TCP and with alginate coating seems to be an ideal protein delivery agent. 25444657 6 50 theme Ca/P 1168:1171 arg1 ratio 1173:1177 a Ca/P ratio 1166:1177 a Ca/P ratio of 1.51 1166:1185 Both eggshells derived and synthetic CDHA samples showed maximum amount of loading of 57% and 37%, respectively at a Ca/P ratio of 1.51, comparing to stoichiometric HA. 25444657 3 51 theme delivery 503:510 arg1 system 512:517 a protein delivery system 493:517 a protein delivery system based on eggshell derived CDHA (ECDHA) nanoparticles for bone tissue engineering 493:598 Hence, we have attempted to develop a protein delivery system based on eggshell derived CDHA (ECDHA) nanoparticles for bone tissue engineering. 25444657 2 52 theme mineral 293:299 arg1 hydroxyapatite 360:373 a calcium deficient hydroxyapatite 340:373 a calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) which shows more bioactivities and absorbance than stoichiometric HA does 340:454 The mineral phase of the human bone is essentially a calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) which shows more bioactivities and absorbance than stoichiometric HA does. 25444657 2 52 theme mineral 293:299 arg1 phase 301:305 The mineral phase 289:305 The mineral phase of the human bone 289:323 The mineral phase of the human bone is essentially a calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) which shows more bioactivities and absorbance than stoichiometric HA does. 25444657 1 53 theme hydroxyapatite 182:195 arg1 synthesis 169:177 the synthesis 165:177 the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) 165:200 Eggshell is an attractive natural source of calcium for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) as it contains minor amounts of biologically relevant elements such as Mg, Sr, and Si. 25444657 9 54 theme alginate 1494:1501 arg1 ECDHA 1510:1514 alginate coated ECDHA 1494:1514 alginate coated ECDHA 1494:1514 A maximum release of 65% was observed for alginate coated ECDHA at a Ca/P ratio of 1.51 for a period of 2 days. 25444657 7 55 theme derived 1287:1293 arg1 CDHA 1295:1298 synthetically derived CDHA 1273:1298 synthetically derived CDHA (6.5%) 1273:1305 ECDHA also showed a much more BSA release (25%) than synthetically derived CDHA (6.5%) did. 25444657 7 55 theme derived 1287:1293 arg1 % 1304:1304 6.5% 1301:1304 6.5% 1301:1304 ECDHA also showed a much more BSA release (25%) than synthetically derived CDHA (6.5%) did. 25444657 4 56 theme Ca/P 620:623 arg1 ratio 631:635 Ca/P molar ratio 620:635 Ca/P molar ratio of 1.67, 1.61 and 1.51 to form CDHAs with compositions covering the properties of stable HA phase (Ca/P=1.67) to degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase (Ca/P=1.5) 620:803 Nanoparticles with Ca/P molar ratio of 1.67, 1.61 and 1.51 to form CDHAs with compositions covering the properties of stable HA phase (Ca/P=1.67) to degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase (Ca/P=1.5) were synthesized by microwave-accelerated wet chemical synthesis using eggshell as well as synthetic calcium hydroxide as calcium precursors. 25444657 3 57 link derived 537:543 arg1 nanoparticles 558:570 eggshell derived CDHA (ECDHA) nanoparticles 528:570 eggshell derived CDHA (ECDHA) nanoparticles for bone tissue engineering 528:598 Hence, we have attempted to develop a protein delivery system based on eggshell derived CDHA (ECDHA) nanoparticles for bone tissue engineering. 25444657 3 58 theme eggshell 528:535 arg1 nanoparticles 558:570 eggshell derived CDHA (ECDHA) nanoparticles 528:570 eggshell derived CDHA (ECDHA) nanoparticles for bone tissue engineering 528:598 Hence, we have attempted to develop a protein delivery system based on eggshell derived CDHA (ECDHA) nanoparticles for bone tissue engineering. 25444657 9 59 located observed 1481:1488 arg2 release 1462:1468 A maximum release 1452:1468 A maximum release of 65% 1452:1475 A maximum release of 65% was observed for alginate coated ECDHA at a Ca/P ratio of 1.51 for a period of 2 days. 25444657 9 59 located observed 1481:1488 arg1 ratio 1526:1530 a Ca/P ratio 1519:1530 a Ca/P ratio of 1.51 for a period of 2 days 1519:1561 A maximum release of 65% was observed for alginate coated ECDHA at a Ca/P ratio of 1.51 for a period of 2 days. 25444657 3 60 theme derived 537:543 arg1 nanoparticles 558:570 eggshell derived CDHA (ECDHA) nanoparticles 528:570 eggshell derived CDHA (ECDHA) nanoparticles for bone tissue engineering 528:598 Hence, we have attempted to develop a protein delivery system based on eggshell derived CDHA (ECDHA) nanoparticles for bone tissue engineering. 25444657 4 61 theme chemical 851:858 arg1 synthesis 860:868 microwave-accelerated wet chemical synthesis 825:868 microwave-accelerated wet chemical synthesis using eggshell as well as synthetic calcium hydroxide as calcium precursors 825:944 Nanoparticles with Ca/P molar ratio of 1.67, 1.61 and 1.51 to form CDHAs with compositions covering the properties of stable HA phase (Ca/P=1.67) to degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase (Ca/P=1.5) were synthesized by microwave-accelerated wet chemical synthesis using eggshell as well as synthetic calcium hydroxide as calcium precursors. 25444657 3 62 theme ECDHA 551:555 arg1 nanoparticles 558:570 eggshell derived CDHA (ECDHA) nanoparticles 528:570 eggshell derived CDHA (ECDHA) nanoparticles for bone tissue engineering 528:598 Hence, we have attempted to develop a protein delivery system based on eggshell derived CDHA (ECDHA) nanoparticles for bone tissue engineering. 25444657 3 63 theme CDHA 545:548 arg1 nanoparticles 558:570 eggshell derived CDHA (ECDHA) nanoparticles 528:570 eggshell derived CDHA (ECDHA) nanoparticles for bone tissue engineering 528:598 Hence, we have attempted to develop a protein delivery system based on eggshell derived CDHA (ECDHA) nanoparticles for bone tissue engineering. 25444657 1 64 theme natural 135:141 arg1 source 143:148 an attractive natural source 121:148 an attractive natural source of calcium for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) 121:200 Eggshell is an attractive natural source of calcium for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) as it contains minor amounts of biologically relevant elements such as Mg, Sr, and Si. 25444657 1 64 theme natural 135:141 arg1 Eggshell 109:116 Eggshell 109:116 Eggshell 109:116 Eggshell is an attractive natural source of calcium for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) as it contains minor amounts of biologically relevant elements such as Mg, Sr, and Si. 25444657 9 65 theme 1.51 1535:1538 arg1 ratio 1526:1530 a Ca/P ratio 1519:1530 a Ca/P ratio of 1.51 for a period of 2 days 1519:1561 A maximum release of 65% was observed for alginate coated ECDHA at a Ca/P ratio of 1.51 for a period of 2 days. 25444657 7 66 theme BSA 1250:1252 arg1 release 1254:1260 a much more BSA release 1238:1260 a much more BSA release (25%) than synthetically derived CDHA (6.5%) 1238:1305 ECDHA also showed a much more BSA release (25%) than synthetically derived CDHA (6.5%) did. 25444657 7 66 theme BSA 1250:1252 arg1 % 1265:1265 25% 1263:1265 25% 1263:1265 ECDHA also showed a much more BSA release (25%) than synthetically derived CDHA (6.5%) did. 25444657 4 67 theme 1.51 655:658 arg1 ratio 631:635 Ca/P molar ratio 620:635 Ca/P molar ratio of 1.67, 1.61 and 1.51 to form CDHAs with compositions covering the properties of stable HA phase (Ca/P=1.67) to degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase (Ca/P=1.5) 620:803 Nanoparticles with Ca/P molar ratio of 1.67, 1.61 and 1.51 to form CDHAs with compositions covering the properties of stable HA phase (Ca/P=1.67) to degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase (Ca/P=1.5) were synthesized by microwave-accelerated wet chemical synthesis using eggshell as well as synthetic calcium hydroxide as calcium precursors. 25444657 3 68 theme bone 576:579 arg1 engineering 588:598 bone tissue engineering 576:598 bone tissue engineering 576:598 Hence, we have attempted to develop a protein delivery system based on eggshell derived CDHA (ECDHA) nanoparticles for bone tissue engineering. 25444657 4 69 theme microwave-accelerated 825:845 arg1 synthesis 860:868 microwave-accelerated wet chemical synthesis 825:868 microwave-accelerated wet chemical synthesis using eggshell as well as synthetic calcium hydroxide as calcium precursors 825:944 Nanoparticles with Ca/P molar ratio of 1.67, 1.61 and 1.51 to form CDHAs with compositions covering the properties of stable HA phase (Ca/P=1.67) to degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase (Ca/P=1.5) were synthesized by microwave-accelerated wet chemical synthesis using eggshell as well as synthetic calcium hydroxide as calcium precursors. 25444657 6 70 theme loading 1126:1132 arg1 loading 1126:1132 loading 1126:1132 loading of 57% and 37%, respectively 1126:1161 Both eggshells derived and synthetic CDHA samples showed maximum amount of loading of 57% and 37%, respectively at a Ca/P ratio of 1.51, comparing to stoichiometric HA. 25444657 6 70 theme loading 1126:1132 arg1 amount 1116:1121 maximum amount 1108:1121 maximum amount of loading of 57% and 37%, respectively 1108:1161 Both eggshells derived and synthetic CDHA samples showed maximum amount of loading of 57% and 37%, respectively at a Ca/P ratio of 1.51, comparing to stoichiometric HA. 25444657 0 71 theme composite 85:93 arg1 nanocarriers 95:106 apatitic-alginate composite nanocarriers 67:106 apatitic-alginate composite nanocarriers 67:106 Enhanced protein delivery by multi-ion containing eggshell derived apatitic-alginate composite nanocarriers. 25444657 4 72 theme calcium 906:912 arg1 hydroxide 914:922 synthetic calcium hydroxide 896:922 eggshell as well as synthetic calcium hydroxide 876:922 Nanoparticles with Ca/P molar ratio of 1.67, 1.61 and 1.51 to form CDHAs with compositions covering the properties of stable HA phase (Ca/P=1.67) to degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase (Ca/P=1.5) were synthesized by microwave-accelerated wet chemical synthesis using eggshell as well as synthetic calcium hydroxide as calcium precursors. 25444657 4 72 theme calcium 906:912 arg1 precursors 935:944 calcium precursors 927:944 calcium precursors 927:944 Nanoparticles with Ca/P molar ratio of 1.67, 1.61 and 1.51 to form CDHAs with compositions covering the properties of stable HA phase (Ca/P=1.67) to degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase (Ca/P=1.5) were synthesized by microwave-accelerated wet chemical synthesis using eggshell as well as synthetic calcium hydroxide as calcium precursors. 25444657 4 72 theme calcium 906:912 arg1 eggshell 876:883 eggshell 876:883 eggshell as well as synthetic calcium hydroxide 876:922 Nanoparticles with Ca/P molar ratio of 1.67, 1.61 and 1.51 to form CDHAs with compositions covering the properties of stable HA phase (Ca/P=1.67) to degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase (Ca/P=1.5) were synthesized by microwave-accelerated wet chemical synthesis using eggshell as well as synthetic calcium hydroxide as calcium precursors. 25444657 8 73 theme release 1335:1341 arg1 profile 1343:1349 the release profile 1331:1349 the release profile 1331:1349 To further improve the release profile, alginate coating was carried out on CDHA nanoparticles and the BSA release profiles were evaluated. 25444657 4 74 theme 1.67 640:643 arg1 ratio 631:635 Ca/P molar ratio 620:635 Ca/P molar ratio of 1.67, 1.61 and 1.51 to form CDHAs with compositions covering the properties of stable HA phase (Ca/P=1.67) to degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase (Ca/P=1.5) 620:803 Nanoparticles with Ca/P molar ratio of 1.67, 1.61 and 1.51 to form CDHAs with compositions covering the properties of stable HA phase (Ca/P=1.67) to degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase (Ca/P=1.5) were synthesized by microwave-accelerated wet chemical synthesis using eggshell as well as synthetic calcium hydroxide as calcium precursors. 25444657 9 75 theme days 1558:1561 arg1 period 1546:1551 a period 1544:1551 a period of 2 days 1544:1561 A maximum release of 65% was observed for alginate coated ECDHA at a Ca/P ratio of 1.51 for a period of 2 days. 25444657 10 76 with nanoparticle 1574:1585 arg1 ratio 1599:1603 a Ca/P ratio 1592:1603 a Ca/P ratio similar to degradable TCP 1592:1629 The ECDHA nanoparticle with a Ca/P ratio similar to degradable TCP and with alginate coating seems to be an ideal protein delivery agent. 25444657 10 76 with nanoparticle 1574:1585 arg1 coating 1649:1655 alginate coating 1640:1655 alginate coating 1640:1655 The ECDHA nanoparticle with a Ca/P ratio similar to degradable TCP and with alginate coating seems to be an ideal protein delivery agent. 25444657 7 77 link derived 1287:1293 arg1 CDHA 1295:1298 synthetically derived CDHA 1273:1298 synthetically derived CDHA (6.5%) 1273:1305 ECDHA also showed a much more BSA release (25%) than synthetically derived CDHA (6.5%) did. 25444657 7 77 link derived 1287:1293 arg1 % 1304:1304 6.5% 1301:1304 6.5% 1301:1304 ECDHA also showed a much more BSA release (25%) than synthetically derived CDHA (6.5%) did. 25444657 1 78 contain contains 208:215 arg2 elements 256:263 biologically relevant elements 234:263 biologically relevant elements such as Mg, Sr, and Si 234:286 Eggshell is an attractive natural source of calcium for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) as it contains minor amounts of biologically relevant elements such as Mg, Sr, and Si. 25444657 1 78 contain contains 208:215 arg2 Mg 273:274 Mg 273:274 Mg 273:274 Eggshell is an attractive natural source of calcium for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) as it contains minor amounts of biologically relevant elements such as Mg, Sr, and Si. 25444657 1 78 contain contains 208:215 arg2 Si 285:286 Si 285:286 Si 285:286 Eggshell is an attractive natural source of calcium for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) as it contains minor amounts of biologically relevant elements such as Mg, Sr, and Si. 25444657 1 78 contain contains 208:215 arg1 it 205:206 it 205:206 it 205:206 Eggshell is an attractive natural source of calcium for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) as it contains minor amounts of biologically relevant elements such as Mg, Sr, and Si. 25444657 1 78 contain contains 208:215 arg2 amounts 223:229 minor amounts 217:229 minor amounts of biologically relevant elements such as Mg, Sr, and Si 217:286 Eggshell is an attractive natural source of calcium for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) as it contains minor amounts of biologically relevant elements such as Mg, Sr, and Si. 25444657 1 78 contain contains 208:215 arg2 Sr 277:278 Sr 277:278 Sr 277:278 Eggshell is an attractive natural source of calcium for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) as it contains minor amounts of biologically relevant elements such as Mg, Sr, and Si. 25444657 4 79 theme stable 719:724 arg1 Ca/P=1.67 736:744 Ca/P=1.67 736:744 Ca/P=1.67 736:744 Nanoparticles with Ca/P molar ratio of 1.67, 1.61 and 1.51 to form CDHAs with compositions covering the properties of stable HA phase (Ca/P=1.67) to degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase (Ca/P=1.5) were synthesized by microwave-accelerated wet chemical synthesis using eggshell as well as synthetic calcium hydroxide as calcium precursors. 25444657 4 79 theme stable 719:724 arg1 phase 729:733 stable HA phase 719:733 stable HA phase (Ca/P=1.67) to degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase (Ca/P=1.5) 719:803 Nanoparticles with Ca/P molar ratio of 1.67, 1.61 and 1.51 to form CDHAs with compositions covering the properties of stable HA phase (Ca/P=1.67) to degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase (Ca/P=1.5) were synthesized by microwave-accelerated wet chemical synthesis using eggshell as well as synthetic calcium hydroxide as calcium precursors. 25444657 0 80 theme protein 9:15 arg1 delivery 17:24 Enhanced protein delivery 0:24 Enhanced protein delivery by multi-ion containing eggshell 0:57 Enhanced protein delivery by multi-ion containing eggshell derived apatitic-alginate composite nanocarriers. 25444657 2 81 theme more 394:397 arg1 bioactivities 399:411 more bioactivities 394:411 more bioactivities 394:411 The mineral phase of the human bone is essentially a calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) which shows more bioactivities and absorbance than stoichiometric HA does. 25444657 0 82 theme containing 39:48 arg1 eggshell 50:57 multi-ion containing eggshell 29:57 multi-ion containing eggshell 29:57 Enhanced protein delivery by multi-ion containing eggshell derived apatitic-alginate composite nanocarriers. 25444657 5 83 theme bovine 972:977 arg1 BSA 994:996 BSA 994:996 BSA 994:996 The delivery profiles of bovine serum albumin (BSA), a model protein by the nanocarriers, were studied. 25444657 5 83 theme bovine 972:977 arg1 albumin 985:991 bovine serum albumin 972:991 bovine serum albumin (BSA) 972:997 The delivery profiles of bovine serum albumin (BSA), a model protein by the nanocarriers, were studied. 25444657 5 83 theme bovine 972:977 arg1 protein 1008:1014 a model protein 1000:1014 a model protein by the nanocarriers 1000:1034 The delivery profiles of bovine serum albumin (BSA), a model protein by the nanocarriers, were studied. 25444657 8 84 theme release 1419:1425 arg1 profiles 1427:1434 the BSA release profiles 1411:1434 the BSA release profiles 1411:1434 To further improve the release profile, alginate coating was carried out on CDHA nanoparticles and the BSA release profiles were evaluated. 25444657 4 85 theme tricalcium 761:770 arg1 Ca/P=1.5 795:802 Ca/P=1.5 795:802 Ca/P=1.5 795:802 Nanoparticles with Ca/P molar ratio of 1.67, 1.61 and 1.51 to form CDHAs with compositions covering the properties of stable HA phase (Ca/P=1.67) to degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase (Ca/P=1.5) were synthesized by microwave-accelerated wet chemical synthesis using eggshell as well as synthetic calcium hydroxide as calcium precursors. 25444657 4 85 theme tricalcium 761:770 arg1 phase 788:792 degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase 750:792 degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase (Ca/P=1.5) 750:803 Nanoparticles with Ca/P molar ratio of 1.67, 1.61 and 1.51 to form CDHAs with compositions covering the properties of stable HA phase (Ca/P=1.67) to degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase (Ca/P=1.5) were synthesized by microwave-accelerated wet chemical synthesis using eggshell as well as synthetic calcium hydroxide as calcium precursors. 25444657 4 86 theme phase 729:733 arg1 properties 705:714 the properties 701:714 the properties of stable HA phase (Ca/P=1.67) to degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase (Ca/P=1.5) 701:803 Nanoparticles with Ca/P molar ratio of 1.67, 1.61 and 1.51 to form CDHAs with compositions covering the properties of stable HA phase (Ca/P=1.67) to degradable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase (Ca/P=1.5) were synthesized by microwave-accelerated wet chemical synthesis using eggshell as well as synthetic calcium hydroxide as calcium precursors. 25444657 1 87 theme relevant 247:254 arg1 Sr 277:278 Sr 277:278 Sr 277:278 Eggshell is an attractive natural source of calcium for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) as it contains minor amounts of biologically relevant elements such as Mg, Sr, and Si. 25444657 1 87 theme relevant 247:254 arg1 Si 285:286 Si 285:286 Si 285:286 Eggshell is an attractive natural source of calcium for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) as it contains minor amounts of biologically relevant elements such as Mg, Sr, and Si. 25444657 1 87 theme relevant 247:254 arg1 elements 256:263 biologically relevant elements 234:263 biologically relevant elements such as Mg, Sr, and Si 234:286 Eggshell is an attractive natural source of calcium for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) as it contains minor amounts of biologically relevant elements such as Mg, Sr, and Si. 25444657 1 87 theme relevant 247:254 arg1 Mg 273:274 Mg 273:274 Mg 273:274 Eggshell is an attractive natural source of calcium for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) as it contains minor amounts of biologically relevant elements such as Mg, Sr, and Si. 26794750 0 0 from characterization 16:31 arg1 polycaprolactone 71:86 polycaprolactone 71:86 polycaprolactone 71:86 Preparation and characterization of bioactive composite scaffolds from polycaprolactone nanofibers-chitosan-oxidized starch for bone regeneration. 26794750 5 1 theme composite 719:727 arg1 scaffolds 729:737 the composite scaffolds 715:737 the composite scaffolds 715:737 The mean pore size, porosity, and water uptake of the composite scaffolds increased by incorporation of higher amounts of starch, while this trend was opposite for compressive modulus and strength. 26794750 4 2 theme Scanning 565:572 arg1 microscopy 583:592 Scanning electron microscopy 565:592 Scanning electron microscopy 565:592 Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that all scaffolds had well-interconnected porous structure. 26794750 5 3 theme scaffolds 729:737 arg1 porosity 685:692 porosity 685:692 porosity 685:692 The mean pore size, porosity, and water uptake of the composite scaffolds increased by incorporation of higher amounts of starch, while this trend was opposite for compressive modulus and strength. 26794750 5 3 theme scaffolds 729:737 arg1 size 679:682 The mean pore size 665:682 The mean pore size 665:682 The mean pore size, porosity, and water uptake of the composite scaffolds increased by incorporation of higher amounts of starch, while this trend was opposite for compressive modulus and strength. 26794750 5 3 theme scaffolds 729:737 arg1 uptake 705:710 water uptake 699:710 water uptake 699:710 The mean pore size, porosity, and water uptake of the composite scaffolds increased by incorporation of higher amounts of starch, while this trend was opposite for compressive modulus and strength. 26794750 3 4 theme CaP-coated 405:414 arg1 nanofibers 420:429 chopped CaP-coated PCL nanofibers 397:429 chopped CaP-coated PCL nanofibers 397:429 Afterwards, chopped CaP-coated PCL nanofibers were added into the chitosan-starch composite scaffolds in order to obtain bioactivity and mimic bone extracellular matrix structure. 26794750 0 5 from Preparation 0:10 arg1 polycaprolactone 71:86 polycaprolactone 71:86 polycaprolactone 71:86 Preparation and characterization of bioactive composite scaffolds from polycaprolactone nanofibers-chitosan-oxidized starch for bone regeneration. 26794750 3 6 theme PCL 416:418 arg1 nanofibers 420:429 chopped CaP-coated PCL nanofibers 397:429 chopped CaP-coated PCL nanofibers 397:429 Afterwards, chopped CaP-coated PCL nanofibers were added into the chitosan-starch composite scaffolds in order to obtain bioactivity and mimic bone extracellular matrix structure. 26794750 4 7 contain had 623:625 arg1 scaffolds 613:621 all scaffolds 609:621 all scaffolds 609:621 Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that all scaffolds had well-interconnected porous structure. 26794750 4 7 contain had 623:625 arg2 structure 654:662 well-interconnected porous structure 627:662 well-interconnected porous structure 627:662 Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that all scaffolds had well-interconnected porous structure. 26794750 1 8 theme study 169:173 arg1 objective 151:159 The objective 147:159 The objective of this study 147:173 The objective of this study was to fabricate and investigate the characteristics of a suitable scaffold for bone regeneration. 26794750 6 9 theme cell 973:976 arg1 viability 978:986 cell viability 973:986 cell viability 973:986 Osteoblast-like cells (MG63) culturing on the scaffolds demonstrated that higher starch content could improve cell viability. 26794750 5 10 theme water 699:703 arg1 uptake 705:710 water uptake 699:710 water uptake 699:710 The mean pore size, porosity, and water uptake of the composite scaffolds increased by incorporation of higher amounts of starch, while this trend was opposite for compressive modulus and strength. 26794750 3 11 theme bone 528:531 arg1 matrix 547:552 bone extracellular matrix 528:552 bone extracellular matrix structure 528:562 Afterwards, chopped CaP-coated PCL nanofibers were added into the chitosan-starch composite scaffolds in order to obtain bioactivity and mimic bone extracellular matrix structure. 26794750 2 12 theme various 312:318 arg1 amounts 320:326 various amounts 312:326 various amounts of oxidized starch 312:345 Therefore, chitosan was combined with various amounts of oxidized starch through reductive alkylation process. 26794750 2 12 theme various 312:318 arg1 starch 340:345 oxidized starch 331:345 oxidized starch 331:345 Therefore, chitosan was combined with various amounts of oxidized starch through reductive alkylation process. 26794750 0 13 theme scaffolds 56:64 arg1 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 Preparation and characterization of bioactive composite scaffolds from polycaprolactone nanofibers-chitosan-oxidized starch for bone regeneration. 26794750 0 13 theme scaffolds 56:64 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and characterization of bioactive composite scaffolds from polycaprolactone nanofibers-chitosan-oxidized starch for bone regeneration. 26794750 3 14 theme composite 467:475 arg1 scaffolds 477:485 the chitosan-starch composite scaffolds 447:485 the chitosan-starch composite scaffolds 447:485 Afterwards, chopped CaP-coated PCL nanofibers were added into the chitosan-starch composite scaffolds in order to obtain bioactivity and mimic bone extracellular matrix structure. 26794750 5 15 theme mean 669:672 arg1 size 679:682 The mean pore size 665:682 The mean pore size 665:682 The mean pore size, porosity, and water uptake of the composite scaffolds increased by incorporation of higher amounts of starch, while this trend was opposite for compressive modulus and strength. 26794750 2 16 theme reductive 355:363 arg1 process 376:382 reductive alkylation process 355:382 reductive alkylation process 355:382 Therefore, chitosan was combined with various amounts of oxidized starch through reductive alkylation process. 26794750 4 17 theme porous 647:652 arg1 structure 654:662 well-interconnected porous structure 627:662 well-interconnected porous structure 627:662 Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that all scaffolds had well-interconnected porous structure. 26794750 5 18 theme pore 674:677 arg1 size 679:682 The mean pore size 665:682 The mean pore size 665:682 The mean pore size, porosity, and water uptake of the composite scaffolds increased by incorporation of higher amounts of starch, while this trend was opposite for compressive modulus and strength. 26794750 4 19 theme well-interconnected 627:645 arg1 structure 654:662 well-interconnected porous structure 627:662 well-interconnected porous structure 627:662 Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that all scaffolds had well-interconnected porous structure. 26794750 2 20 theme starch 340:345 arg1 amounts 320:326 various amounts 312:326 various amounts of oxidized starch 312:345 Therefore, chitosan was combined with various amounts of oxidized starch through reductive alkylation process. 26794750 2 20 theme starch 340:345 arg1 starch 340:345 oxidized starch 331:345 oxidized starch 331:345 Therefore, chitosan was combined with various amounts of oxidized starch through reductive alkylation process. 26794750 5 21 theme starch 787:792 arg1 starch 787:792 starch 787:792 starch 787:792 The mean pore size, porosity, and water uptake of the composite scaffolds increased by incorporation of higher amounts of starch, while this trend was opposite for compressive modulus and strength. 26794750 5 21 theme starch 787:792 arg1 amounts 776:782 higher amounts 769:782 higher amounts of starch 769:792 The mean pore size, porosity, and water uptake of the composite scaffolds increased by incorporation of higher amounts of starch, while this trend was opposite for compressive modulus and strength. 26794750 2 22 theme oxidized 331:338 arg1 starch 340:345 oxidized starch 331:345 oxidized starch 331:345 Therefore, chitosan was combined with various amounts of oxidized starch through reductive alkylation process. 26794750 1 23 theme suitable 233:240 arg1 scaffold 242:249 a suitable scaffold 231:249 a suitable scaffold for bone regeneration 231:271 The objective of this study was to fabricate and investigate the characteristics of a suitable scaffold for bone regeneration. 26794750 0 24 theme composite 46:54 arg1 scaffolds 56:64 bioactive composite scaffolds 36:64 bioactive composite scaffolds from polycaprolactone 36:86 Preparation and characterization of bioactive composite scaffolds from polycaprolactone nanofibers-chitosan-oxidized starch for bone regeneration. 26794750 6 25 theme starch 944:949 arg1 content 951:957 higher starch content 937:957 higher starch content 937:957 Osteoblast-like cells (MG63) culturing on the scaffolds demonstrated that higher starch content could improve cell viability. 26794750 1 26 theme scaffold 242:249 arg1 characteristics 212:226 the characteristics 208:226 the characteristics of a suitable scaffold for bone regeneration 208:271 The objective of this study was to fabricate and investigate the characteristics of a suitable scaffold for bone regeneration. 26794750 0 27 theme bioactive 36:44 arg1 scaffolds 56:64 bioactive composite scaffolds 36:64 bioactive composite scaffolds from polycaprolactone 36:86 Preparation and characterization of bioactive composite scaffolds from polycaprolactone nanofibers-chitosan-oxidized starch for bone regeneration. 26794750 6 28 theme higher 937:942 arg1 content 951:957 higher starch content 937:957 higher starch content 937:957 Osteoblast-like cells (MG63) culturing on the scaffolds demonstrated that higher starch content could improve cell viability. 26794750 3 29 theme chopped 397:403 arg1 nanofibers 420:429 chopped CaP-coated PCL nanofibers 397:429 chopped CaP-coated PCL nanofibers 397:429 Afterwards, chopped CaP-coated PCL nanofibers were added into the chitosan-starch composite scaffolds in order to obtain bioactivity and mimic bone extracellular matrix structure. 26794750 0 30 from polycaprolactone 71:86 arg1 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 Preparation and characterization of bioactive composite scaffolds from polycaprolactone nanofibers-chitosan-oxidized starch for bone regeneration. 26794750 0 30 from polycaprolactone 71:86 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and characterization of bioactive composite scaffolds from polycaprolactone nanofibers-chitosan-oxidized starch for bone regeneration. 26794750 0 30 from polycaprolactone 71:86 arg1 scaffolds 56:64 bioactive composite scaffolds 36:64 bioactive composite scaffolds from polycaprolactone 36:86 Preparation and characterization of bioactive composite scaffolds from polycaprolactone nanofibers-chitosan-oxidized starch for bone regeneration. 26794750 3 31 theme chitosan-starch 451:465 arg1 scaffolds 477:485 the chitosan-starch composite scaffolds 447:485 the chitosan-starch composite scaffolds 447:485 Afterwards, chopped CaP-coated PCL nanofibers were added into the chitosan-starch composite scaffolds in order to obtain bioactivity and mimic bone extracellular matrix structure. 26794750 7 32 theme cells 1105:1109 arg1 monolayer 1092:1100 a monolayer 1090:1100 a monolayer of cells 1090:1109 Moreover, the cells spread and anchored well on the scaffolds, on which the surface was covered with a monolayer of cells. 26794750 3 33 dep obtain 499:504 arg1 to 496:497 to 496:497 to 496:497 Afterwards, chopped CaP-coated PCL nanofibers were added into the chitosan-starch composite scaffolds in order to obtain bioactivity and mimic bone extracellular matrix structure. 26794750 5 34 theme higher 769:774 arg1 starch 787:792 starch 787:792 starch 787:792 The mean pore size, porosity, and water uptake of the composite scaffolds increased by incorporation of higher amounts of starch, while this trend was opposite for compressive modulus and strength. 26794750 5 34 theme higher 769:774 arg1 amounts 776:782 higher amounts 769:782 higher amounts of starch 769:792 The mean pore size, porosity, and water uptake of the composite scaffolds increased by incorporation of higher amounts of starch, while this trend was opposite for compressive modulus and strength. 26794750 3 35 theme extracellular 533:545 arg1 matrix 547:552 bone extracellular matrix 528:552 bone extracellular matrix structure 528:562 Afterwards, chopped CaP-coated PCL nanofibers were added into the chitosan-starch composite scaffolds in order to obtain bioactivity and mimic bone extracellular matrix structure. 26794750 1 36 theme bone 255:258 arg1 regeneration 260:271 bone regeneration 255:271 bone regeneration 255:271 The objective of this study was to fabricate and investigate the characteristics of a suitable scaffold for bone regeneration. 26794750 5 37 theme amounts 776:782 arg1 incorporation 752:764 incorporation 752:764 incorporation of higher amounts of starch 752:792 The mean pore size, porosity, and water uptake of the composite scaffolds increased by incorporation of higher amounts of starch, while this trend was opposite for compressive modulus and strength. 26794750 2 38 theme alkylation 365:374 arg1 process 376:382 reductive alkylation process 355:382 reductive alkylation process 355:382 Therefore, chitosan was combined with various amounts of oxidized starch through reductive alkylation process. 26794750 3 39 theme matrix 547:552 arg1 structure 554:562 bone extracellular matrix structure 528:562 bone extracellular matrix structure 528:562 Afterwards, chopped CaP-coated PCL nanofibers were added into the chitosan-starch composite scaffolds in order to obtain bioactivity and mimic bone extracellular matrix structure. 26794750 6 40 theme Osteoblast-like 863:877 arg1 MG63 886:889 MG63 886:889 MG63 886:889 Osteoblast-like cells (MG63) culturing on the scaffolds demonstrated that higher starch content could improve cell viability. 26794750 6 40 theme Osteoblast-like 863:877 arg1 cells 879:883 Osteoblast-like cells 863:883 Osteoblast-like cells (MG63) culturing on the scaffolds 863:917 Osteoblast-like cells (MG63) culturing on the scaffolds demonstrated that higher starch content could improve cell viability. 26794750 5 41 theme compressive 829:839 arg1 modulus 841:847 compressive modulus 829:847 compressive modulus 829:847 The mean pore size, porosity, and water uptake of the composite scaffolds increased by incorporation of higher amounts of starch, while this trend was opposite for compressive modulus and strength. 26794750 4 42 theme electron 574:581 arg1 microscopy 583:592 Scanning electron microscopy 565:592 Scanning electron microscopy 565:592 Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that all scaffolds had well-interconnected porous structure. 26794750 0 43 theme bone 128:131 arg1 regeneration 133:144 bone regeneration 128:144 bone regeneration 128:144 Preparation and characterization of bioactive composite scaffolds from polycaprolactone nanofibers-chitosan-oxidized starch for bone regeneration. 27007744 5 0 theme Inverse 745:751 arg1 chromatography 757:770 Inverse gas chromatography 745:770 Inverse gas chromatography 745:770 Inverse gas chromatography was used to determine the surface energy of bacterial cellulose, under relevant conditions, by quantifying the surface heterogeneity of the material as a function of coverage. 27007744 0 1 from Dispersion 18:27 arg1 Solvents 76:83 Organic Solvents 68:83 Organic Solvents 68:83 Understanding the Dispersion and Assembly of Bacterial Cellulose in Organic Solvents. 27007744 6 2 theme solvents 1011:1018 arg1 range 1002:1006 a range 1000:1006 a range of solvents 1000:1018 Films of pure BCN were prepared from dispersions in a range of solvents; the extent of BCN exfoliation is shown to have a strong effect on the mechanical properties of BC films and to fit models based on the volumetric density of nanofibril junctions. 27007744 1 3 theme many 156:159 arg1 researchers 161:171 many researchers 156:171 many researchers because of their purity and excellent mechanical properties 156:231 The constituent nanofibrils of bacterial cellulose are of interest to many researchers because of their purity and excellent mechanical properties. 27007744 5 4 used used 776:779 arg2 chromatography 757:770 Inverse gas chromatography 745:770 Inverse gas chromatography 745:770 Inverse gas chromatography was used to determine the surface energy of bacterial cellulose, under relevant conditions, by quantifying the surface heterogeneity of the material as a function of coverage. 27007744 5 5 theme surface 883:889 arg1 function 926:933 a function 924:933 a function of coverage 924:945 Inverse gas chromatography was used to determine the surface energy of bacterial cellulose, under relevant conditions, by quantifying the surface heterogeneity of the material as a function of coverage. 27007744 5 5 theme surface 883:889 arg1 heterogeneity 891:903 the surface heterogeneity 879:903 the surface heterogeneity of the material 879:919 Inverse gas chromatography was used to determine the surface energy of bacterial cellulose, under relevant conditions, by quantifying the surface heterogeneity of the material as a function of coverage. 27007744 4 6 theme optimum 566:572 arg1 dispersion 574:583 optimum dispersion 566:583 optimum dispersion 566:583 It builds on work to disperse similarly intractable nanomaterials, such as single-walled carbon nanotubes, where optimum dispersion is seen for solvents whose surface energies are close to the surface energy of the nanomaterial; bacterial cellulose is shown to disperse in a similar fashion. 27007744 4 7 theme intractable 493:503 arg1 nanotubes 549:557 single-walled carbon nanotubes 528:557 single-walled carbon nanotubes 528:557 It builds on work to disperse similarly intractable nanomaterials, such as single-walled carbon nanotubes, where optimum dispersion is seen for solvents whose surface energies are close to the surface energy of the nanomaterial; bacterial cellulose is shown to disperse in a similar fashion. 27007744 4 7 theme intractable 493:503 arg1 nanomaterials 505:517 similarly intractable nanomaterials 483:517 similarly intractable nanomaterials 483:517 It builds on work to disperse similarly intractable nanomaterials, such as single-walled carbon nanotubes, where optimum dispersion is seen for solvents whose surface energies are close to the surface energy of the nanomaterial; bacterial cellulose is shown to disperse in a similar fashion. 27007744 5 8 theme coverage 938:945 arg1 function 926:933 a function 924:933 a function of coverage 924:945 Inverse gas chromatography was used to determine the surface energy of bacterial cellulose, under relevant conditions, by quantifying the surface heterogeneity of the material as a function of coverage. 27007744 5 8 theme coverage 938:945 arg1 heterogeneity 891:903 the surface heterogeneity 879:903 the surface heterogeneity of the material 879:919 Inverse gas chromatography was used to determine the surface energy of bacterial cellulose, under relevant conditions, by quantifying the surface heterogeneity of the material as a function of coverage. 27007744 6 9 theme BCN 962:964 arg1 Films 948:952 Films 948:952 Films of pure BCN 948:964 Films of pure BCN were prepared from dispersions in a range of solvents; the extent of BCN exfoliation is shown to have a strong effect on the mechanical properties of BC films and to fit models based on the volumetric density of nanofibril junctions. 27007744 6 10 theme films 1119:1123 arg1 properties 1102:1111 the mechanical properties 1087:1111 the mechanical properties of BC films 1087:1123 Films of pure BCN were prepared from dispersions in a range of solvents; the extent of BCN exfoliation is shown to have a strong effect on the mechanical properties of BC films and to fit models based on the volumetric density of nanofibril junctions. 27007744 4 11 theme bacterial 682:690 arg1 cellulose 692:700 bacterial cellulose 682:700 bacterial cellulose 682:700 It builds on work to disperse similarly intractable nanomaterials, such as single-walled carbon nanotubes, where optimum dispersion is seen for solvents whose surface energies are close to the surface energy of the nanomaterial; bacterial cellulose is shown to disperse in a similar fashion. 27007744 5 12 theme cellulose 826:834 arg1 energy 806:811 the surface energy 794:811 the surface energy of bacterial cellulose 794:834 Inverse gas chromatography was used to determine the surface energy of bacterial cellulose, under relevant conditions, by quantifying the surface heterogeneity of the material as a function of coverage. 27007744 5 13 theme gas 753:755 arg1 chromatography 757:770 Inverse gas chromatography 745:770 Inverse gas chromatography 745:770 Inverse gas chromatography was used to determine the surface energy of bacterial cellulose, under relevant conditions, by quantifying the surface heterogeneity of the material as a function of coverage. 27007744 5 14 theme bacterial 816:824 arg1 cellulose 826:834 bacterial cellulose 816:834 bacterial cellulose 816:834 Inverse gas chromatography was used to determine the surface energy of bacterial cellulose, under relevant conditions, by quantifying the surface heterogeneity of the material as a function of coverage. 27007744 2 15 theme cellulose 291:299 arg1 structure 268:276 the network structure 256:276 the network structure of bacterial cellulose (BC) to isolate bacterial cellulose nanofibrils (BCN) 256:353 Mechanisms to disrupt the network structure of bacterial cellulose (BC) to isolate bacterial cellulose nanofibrils (BCN) are limited. 27007744 7 16 theme cellulose 1280:1288 arg1 nanofibrils 1290:1300 bacterial cellulose nanofibrils 1270:1300 bacterial cellulose nanofibrils 1270:1300 Such control offers new routes to producing robust cellulose films of bacterial cellulose nanofibrils. 27007744 4 17 theme surface 646:652 arg1 energies 620:627 energies 620:627 energies 620:627 It builds on work to disperse similarly intractable nanomaterials, such as single-walled carbon nanotubes, where optimum dispersion is seen for solvents whose surface energies are close to the surface energy of the nanomaterial; bacterial cellulose is shown to disperse in a similar fashion. 27007744 4 17 theme surface 646:652 arg1 energy 654:659 the surface energy 642:659 the surface energy of the nanomaterial 642:679 It builds on work to disperse similarly intractable nanomaterials, such as single-walled carbon nanotubes, where optimum dispersion is seen for solvents whose surface energies are close to the surface energy of the nanomaterial; bacterial cellulose is shown to disperse in a similar fashion. 27007744 6 18 theme pure 957:960 arg1 BCN 962:964 pure BCN 957:964 pure BCN 957:964 Films of pure BCN were prepared from dispersions in a range of solvents; the extent of BCN exfoliation is shown to have a strong effect on the mechanical properties of BC films and to fit models based on the volumetric density of nanofibril junctions. 27007744 6 19 theme junctions 1189:1197 arg1 density 1167:1173 the volumetric density 1152:1173 the volumetric density of nanofibril junctions 1152:1197 Films of pure BCN were prepared from dispersions in a range of solvents; the extent of BCN exfoliation is shown to have a strong effect on the mechanical properties of BC films and to fit models based on the volumetric density of nanofibril junctions. 27007744 7 20 theme robust 1244:1249 arg1 films 1261:1265 robust cellulose films 1244:1265 robust cellulose films of bacterial cellulose nanofibrils 1244:1300 Such control offers new routes to producing robust cellulose films of bacterial cellulose nanofibrils. 27007744 2 21 theme bacterial 281:289 arg1 BC 302:303 BC 302:303 BC 302:303 Mechanisms to disrupt the network structure of bacterial cellulose (BC) to isolate bacterial cellulose nanofibrils (BCN) are limited. 27007744 2 21 theme bacterial 281:289 arg1 cellulose 291:299 bacterial cellulose 281:299 bacterial cellulose (BC) 281:304 Mechanisms to disrupt the network structure of bacterial cellulose (BC) to isolate bacterial cellulose nanofibrils (BCN) are limited. 27007744 5 22 theme relevant 843:850 arg1 conditions 852:861 relevant conditions 843:861 relevant conditions 843:861 Inverse gas chromatography was used to determine the surface energy of bacterial cellulose, under relevant conditions, by quantifying the surface heterogeneity of the material as a function of coverage. 27007744 0 23 from Assembly 33:40 arg1 Solvents 76:83 Organic Solvents 68:83 Organic Solvents 68:83 Understanding the Dispersion and Assembly of Bacterial Cellulose in Organic Solvents. 27007744 6 24 theme nanofibril 1178:1187 arg1 junctions 1189:1197 nanofibril junctions 1178:1197 nanofibril junctions 1178:1197 Films of pure BCN were prepared from dispersions in a range of solvents; the extent of BCN exfoliation is shown to have a strong effect on the mechanical properties of BC films and to fit models based on the volumetric density of nanofibril junctions. 27007744 2 25 theme bacterial 317:325 arg1 BCN 350:352 BCN 350:352 BCN 350:352 Mechanisms to disrupt the network structure of bacterial cellulose (BC) to isolate bacterial cellulose nanofibrils (BCN) are limited. 27007744 2 25 theme bacterial 317:325 arg1 nanofibrils 337:347 bacterial cellulose nanofibrils 317:347 bacterial cellulose nanofibrils (BCN) 317:353 Mechanisms to disrupt the network structure of bacterial cellulose (BC) to isolate bacterial cellulose nanofibrils (BCN) are limited. 27007744 7 26 theme cellulose 1251:1259 arg1 films 1261:1265 robust cellulose films 1244:1265 robust cellulose films of bacterial cellulose nanofibrils 1244:1300 Such control offers new routes to producing robust cellulose films of bacterial cellulose nanofibrils. 27007744 1 27 theme constituent 90:100 arg1 nanofibrils 102:112 The constituent nanofibrils 86:112 The constituent nanofibrils of bacterial cellulose 86:135 The constituent nanofibrils of bacterial cellulose are of interest to many researchers because of their purity and excellent mechanical properties. 27007744 1 28 theme purity 190:195 arg1 researchers 161:171 many researchers 156:171 many researchers because of their purity and excellent mechanical properties 156:231 The constituent nanofibrils of bacterial cellulose are of interest to many researchers because of their purity and excellent mechanical properties. 27007744 5 29 theme surface 798:804 arg1 energy 806:811 the surface energy 794:811 the surface energy of bacterial cellulose 794:834 Inverse gas chromatography was used to determine the surface energy of bacterial cellulose, under relevant conditions, by quantifying the surface heterogeneity of the material as a function of coverage. 27007744 4 30 theme carbon 542:547 arg1 nanotubes 549:557 single-walled carbon nanotubes 528:557 single-walled carbon nanotubes 528:557 It builds on work to disperse similarly intractable nanomaterials, such as single-walled carbon nanotubes, where optimum dispersion is seen for solvents whose surface energies are close to the surface energy of the nanomaterial; bacterial cellulose is shown to disperse in a similar fashion. 27007744 5 31 theme material 912:919 arg1 function 926:933 a function 924:933 a function of coverage 924:945 Inverse gas chromatography was used to determine the surface energy of bacterial cellulose, under relevant conditions, by quantifying the surface heterogeneity of the material as a function of coverage. 27007744 5 31 theme material 912:919 arg1 heterogeneity 891:903 the surface heterogeneity 879:903 the surface heterogeneity of the material 879:919 Inverse gas chromatography was used to determine the surface energy of bacterial cellulose, under relevant conditions, by quantifying the surface heterogeneity of the material as a function of coverage. 27007744 4 32 theme similar 728:734 arg1 fashion 736:742 a similar fashion 726:742 a similar fashion 726:742 It builds on work to disperse similarly intractable nanomaterials, such as single-walled carbon nanotubes, where optimum dispersion is seen for solvents whose surface energies are close to the surface energy of the nanomaterial; bacterial cellulose is shown to disperse in a similar fashion. 27007744 2 33 dep Mechanisms 234:243 arg1 disrupt 248:254 disrupt 248:254 to disrupt the network structure of bacterial cellulose (BC) to isolate bacterial cellulose nanofibrils (BCN) 245:353 Mechanisms to disrupt the network structure of bacterial cellulose (BC) to isolate bacterial cellulose nanofibrils (BCN) are limited. 27007744 6 34 theme mechanical 1091:1100 arg1 properties 1102:1111 the mechanical properties 1087:1111 the mechanical properties of BC films 1087:1123 Films of pure BCN were prepared from dispersions in a range of solvents; the extent of BCN exfoliation is shown to have a strong effect on the mechanical properties of BC films and to fit models based on the volumetric density of nanofibril junctions. 27007744 5 35 gly heterogeneity 891:903 arg1 material 912:919 the material 908:919 the material 908:919 Inverse gas chromatography was used to determine the surface energy of bacterial cellulose, under relevant conditions, by quantifying the surface heterogeneity of the material as a function of coverage. 27007744 6 36 theme exfoliation 1039:1049 arg1 extent 1025:1030 the extent 1021:1030 the extent of BCN exfoliation 1021:1049 Films of pure BCN were prepared from dispersions in a range of solvents; the extent of BCN exfoliation is shown to have a strong effect on the mechanical properties of BC films and to fit models based on the volumetric density of nanofibril junctions. 27007744 1 37 theme excellent 201:209 arg1 properties 222:231 excellent mechanical properties 201:231 excellent mechanical properties 201:231 The constituent nanofibrils of bacterial cellulose are of interest to many researchers because of their purity and excellent mechanical properties. 27007744 6 38 theme strong 1070:1075 arg1 effect 1077:1082 a strong effect 1068:1082 a strong effect 1068:1082 Films of pure BCN were prepared from dispersions in a range of solvents; the extent of BCN exfoliation is shown to have a strong effect on the mechanical properties of BC films and to fit models based on the volumetric density of nanofibril junctions. 27007744 3 39 theme organic 435:441 arg1 solvents 443:450 organic solvents 435:450 organic solvents 435:450 This work focuses on liquid-phase dispersions of BCN in a range of organic solvents. 27007744 1 40 theme mechanical 211:220 arg1 properties 222:231 excellent mechanical properties 201:231 excellent mechanical properties 201:231 The constituent nanofibrils of bacterial cellulose are of interest to many researchers because of their purity and excellent mechanical properties. 27007744 3 41 theme BCN 417:419 arg1 dispersions 402:412 liquid-phase dispersions 389:412 liquid-phase dispersions of BCN 389:419 This work focuses on liquid-phase dispersions of BCN in a range of organic solvents. 27007744 6 42 theme BCN 1035:1037 arg1 exfoliation 1039:1049 BCN exfoliation 1035:1049 BCN exfoliation 1035:1049 Films of pure BCN were prepared from dispersions in a range of solvents; the extent of BCN exfoliation is shown to have a strong effect on the mechanical properties of BC films and to fit models based on the volumetric density of nanofibril junctions. 27007744 3 43 theme solvents 443:450 arg1 range 426:430 a range 424:430 a range of organic solvents 424:450 This work focuses on liquid-phase dispersions of BCN in a range of organic solvents. 27007744 0 44 theme Cellulose 55:63 arg1 Dispersion 18:27 Dispersion 18:27 Dispersion 18:27 Understanding the Dispersion and Assembly of Bacterial Cellulose in Organic Solvents. 27007744 0 44 theme Cellulose 55:63 arg1 Assembly 33:40 Assembly 33:40 Assembly 33:40 Understanding the Dispersion and Assembly of Bacterial Cellulose in Organic Solvents. 27007744 1 45 theme bacterial 117:125 arg1 cellulose 127:135 bacterial cellulose 117:135 bacterial cellulose 117:135 The constituent nanofibrils of bacterial cellulose are of interest to many researchers because of their purity and excellent mechanical properties. 27007744 0 46 theme Bacterial 45:53 arg1 Cellulose 55:63 Bacterial Cellulose 45:63 Bacterial Cellulose 45:63 Understanding the Dispersion and Assembly of Bacterial Cellulose in Organic Solvents. 27007744 4 47 theme single-walled 528:540 arg1 nanotubes 549:557 single-walled carbon nanotubes 528:557 single-walled carbon nanotubes 528:557 It builds on work to disperse similarly intractable nanomaterials, such as single-walled carbon nanotubes, where optimum dispersion is seen for solvents whose surface energies are close to the surface energy of the nanomaterial; bacterial cellulose is shown to disperse in a similar fashion. 27007744 7 48 theme bacterial 1270:1278 arg1 nanofibrils 1290:1300 bacterial cellulose nanofibrils 1270:1300 bacterial cellulose nanofibrils 1270:1300 Such control offers new routes to producing robust cellulose films of bacterial cellulose nanofibrils. 27007744 1 49 theme cellulose 127:135 arg1 nanofibrils 102:112 The constituent nanofibrils 86:112 The constituent nanofibrils of bacterial cellulose 86:135 The constituent nanofibrils of bacterial cellulose are of interest to many researchers because of their purity and excellent mechanical properties. 27007744 6 50 theme volumetric 1156:1165 arg1 density 1167:1173 the volumetric density 1152:1173 the volumetric density of nanofibril junctions 1152:1197 Films of pure BCN were prepared from dispersions in a range of solvents; the extent of BCN exfoliation is shown to have a strong effect on the mechanical properties of BC films and to fit models based on the volumetric density of nanofibril junctions. 27007744 7 51 theme Such 1200:1203 arg1 control 1205:1211 Such control 1200:1211 Such control 1200:1211 Such control offers new routes to producing robust cellulose films of bacterial cellulose nanofibrils. 27007744 7 52 theme new 1220:1222 arg1 routes 1224:1229 new routes 1220:1229 new routes to producing robust cellulose films of bacterial cellulose nanofibrils 1220:1300 Such control offers new routes to producing robust cellulose films of bacterial cellulose nanofibrils. 27007744 0 53 dep Dispersion 18:27 arg1 the 14:16 the 14:16 the 14:16 Understanding the Dispersion and Assembly of Bacterial Cellulose in Organic Solvents. 27007744 2 54 theme cellulose 327:335 arg1 BCN 350:352 BCN 350:352 BCN 350:352 Mechanisms to disrupt the network structure of bacterial cellulose (BC) to isolate bacterial cellulose nanofibrils (BCN) are limited. 27007744 2 54 theme cellulose 327:335 arg1 nanofibrils 337:347 bacterial cellulose nanofibrils 317:347 bacterial cellulose nanofibrils (BCN) 317:353 Mechanisms to disrupt the network structure of bacterial cellulose (BC) to isolate bacterial cellulose nanofibrils (BCN) are limited. 27007744 0 55 theme Organic 68:74 arg1 Solvents 76:83 Organic Solvents 68:83 Organic Solvents 68:83 Understanding the Dispersion and Assembly of Bacterial Cellulose in Organic Solvents. 27007744 1 56 theme properties 222:231 arg1 researchers 161:171 many researchers 156:171 many researchers because of their purity and excellent mechanical properties 156:231 The constituent nanofibrils of bacterial cellulose are of interest to many researchers because of their purity and excellent mechanical properties. 27007744 2 57 theme network 260:266 arg1 structure 268:276 the network structure 256:276 the network structure of bacterial cellulose (BC) to isolate bacterial cellulose nanofibrils (BCN) 256:353 Mechanisms to disrupt the network structure of bacterial cellulose (BC) to isolate bacterial cellulose nanofibrils (BCN) are limited. 27007744 4 58 theme nanomaterial 668:679 arg1 energies 620:627 energies 620:627 energies 620:627 It builds on work to disperse similarly intractable nanomaterials, such as single-walled carbon nanotubes, where optimum dispersion is seen for solvents whose surface energies are close to the surface energy of the nanomaterial; bacterial cellulose is shown to disperse in a similar fashion. 27007744 4 58 theme nanomaterial 668:679 arg1 energy 654:659 the surface energy 642:659 the surface energy of the nanomaterial 642:679 It builds on work to disperse similarly intractable nanomaterials, such as single-walled carbon nanotubes, where optimum dispersion is seen for solvents whose surface energies are close to the surface energy of the nanomaterial; bacterial cellulose is shown to disperse in a similar fashion. 27007744 6 59 theme BC 1116:1117 arg1 films 1119:1123 BC films 1116:1123 BC films 1116:1123 Films of pure BCN were prepared from dispersions in a range of solvents; the extent of BCN exfoliation is shown to have a strong effect on the mechanical properties of BC films and to fit models based on the volumetric density of nanofibril junctions. 27007744 4 60 theme surface 612:618 arg1 energies 620:627 energies 620:627 energies 620:627 It builds on work to disperse similarly intractable nanomaterials, such as single-walled carbon nanotubes, where optimum dispersion is seen for solvents whose surface energies are close to the surface energy of the nanomaterial; bacterial cellulose is shown to disperse in a similar fashion. 27007744 4 60 theme surface 612:618 arg1 energy 654:659 the surface energy 642:659 the surface energy of the nanomaterial 642:679 It builds on work to disperse similarly intractable nanomaterials, such as single-walled carbon nanotubes, where optimum dispersion is seen for solvents whose surface energies are close to the surface energy of the nanomaterial; bacterial cellulose is shown to disperse in a similar fashion. 27007744 3 61 theme liquid-phase 389:400 arg1 dispersions 402:412 liquid-phase dispersions 389:412 liquid-phase dispersions of BCN 389:419 This work focuses on liquid-phase dispersions of BCN in a range of organic solvents. 27007744 7 62 theme nanofibrils 1290:1300 arg1 films 1261:1265 robust cellulose films 1244:1265 robust cellulose films of bacterial cellulose nanofibrils 1244:1300 Such control offers new routes to producing robust cellulose films of bacterial cellulose nanofibrils. 24649404 9 0 theme proteins 1411:1418 arg1 trafficking 1396:1406 intracellular trafficking 1382:1406 intracellular trafficking of proteins 1382:1418 Thus, our results reveal that ursolic acid inhibits intracellular trafficking of proteins and induces the accumulation of ICAM-1 linked to high-mannose-type glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24649404 0 1 theme high-mannose-type 169:185 arg1 glycans 187:193 high-mannose-type glycans 169:193 high-mannose-type glycans 169:193 Ursolic acid, a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, inhibits intracellular trafficking of proteins and induces accumulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 linked to high-mannose-type glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24649404 3 2 dep activity 572:579 arg1 inhibits 595:602 inhibits 595:602 inhibits intracellular trafficking of proteins 595:640 We report here a novel biological activity: ursolic acid inhibits intracellular trafficking of proteins. 24649404 6 3 theme N-linked 1035:1042 arg1 oligosaccharides 1044:1059 N-linked oligosaccharides 1035:1059 N-linked oligosaccharides bound to ICAM-1 1035:1075 Surprisingly, we found that ursolic acid decreased the apparent molecular weight of ICAM-1 and altered the structures of N-linked oligosaccharides bound to ICAM-1. 24649404 7 4 theme ICAM-1 1119:1124 arg1 accumulation 1103:1114 the accumulation 1099:1114 the accumulation of ICAM-1 in the endoplasmic reticulum, which was linked mainly to high-mannose-type glycans 1099:1207 Ursolic acid induced the accumulation of ICAM-1 in the endoplasmic reticulum, which was linked mainly to high-mannose-type glycans. 24649404 6 5 theme ursolic 942:948 arg1 acid 950:953 ursolic acid 942:953 ursolic acid 942:953 Surprisingly, we found that ursolic acid decreased the apparent molecular weight of ICAM-1 and altered the structures of N-linked oligosaccharides bound to ICAM-1. 24649404 1 6 from plants 335:340 arg1 present 319:325 present 319:325 present 319:325 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods. 24649404 1 6 from plants 335:340 arg1 acid 233:236 Ursolic acid 225:236 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) 225:271 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods. 24649404 1 6 from plants 335:340 arg1 pentacyclic 286:296 a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid 276:309 a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods 276:378 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods. 24649404 1 7 theme natural 278:284 arg1 present 319:325 present 319:325 present 319:325 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods. 24649404 1 7 theme natural 278:284 arg1 acid 233:236 Ursolic acid 225:236 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) 225:271 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods. 24649404 1 7 theme natural 278:284 arg1 pentacyclic 286:296 a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid 276:309 a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods 276:378 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods. 24649404 7 8 theme endoplasmic 1133:1143 arg1 reticulum 1145:1153 the endoplasmic reticulum 1129:1153 the endoplasmic reticulum 1129:1153 Ursolic acid induced the accumulation of ICAM-1 in the endoplasmic reticulum, which was linked mainly to high-mannose-type glycans. 24649404 9 9 attach linked 1459:1464 arg1 glycans 1487:1493 high-mannose-type glycans 1469:1493 high-mannose-type glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum 1469:1522 Thus, our results reveal that ursolic acid inhibits intracellular trafficking of proteins and induces the accumulation of ICAM-1 linked to high-mannose-type glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24649404 9 9 attach linked 1459:1464 arg2 ICAM-1 1452:1457 ICAM-1 1452:1457 ICAM-1 linked to high-mannose-type glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum 1452:1522 Thus, our results reveal that ursolic acid inhibits intracellular trafficking of proteins and induces the accumulation of ICAM-1 linked to high-mannose-type glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24649404 4 10 theme endothelial 776:786 arg1 cells 788:792 human umbilical vein endothelial cells 755:792 human umbilical vein endothelial cells 755:792 Ursolic acid markedly inhibited the IL-1α-induced cell-surface ICAM-1 expression in human cancer cell lines and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 24649404 0 11 theme proteins 88:95 arg1 trafficking 73:83 intracellular trafficking 59:83 intracellular trafficking of proteins 59:95 Ursolic acid, a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, inhibits intracellular trafficking of proteins and induces accumulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 linked to high-mannose-type glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24649404 8 12 from fragmented 1275:1284 arg1 cells 1244:1248 ursolic-acid-treated cells 1223:1248 ursolic-acid-treated cells 1223:1248 Moreover, in ursolic-acid-treated cells, the Golgi apparatus was fragmented into pieces and distributed over the cells. 24649404 0 13 theme endoplasmic 202:212 arg1 reticulum 214:222 the endoplasmic reticulum 198:222 the endoplasmic reticulum 198:222 Ursolic acid, a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, inhibits intracellular trafficking of proteins and induces accumulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 linked to high-mannose-type glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24649404 7 14 theme high-mannose-type 1183:1199 arg1 glycans 1201:1207 high-mannose-type glycans 1183:1207 high-mannose-type glycans 1183:1207 Ursolic acid induced the accumulation of ICAM-1 in the endoplasmic reticulum, which was linked mainly to high-mannose-type glycans. 24649404 4 15 theme cancer 733:738 arg1 lines 745:749 human cancer cell lines 727:749 human cancer cell lines 727:749 Ursolic acid markedly inhibited the IL-1α-induced cell-surface ICAM-1 expression in human cancer cell lines and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 24649404 1 16 theme triterpenoid 298:309 arg1 present 319:325 present 319:325 present 319:325 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods. 24649404 1 16 theme triterpenoid 298:309 arg1 acid 233:236 Ursolic acid 225:236 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) 225:271 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods. 24649404 1 16 theme triterpenoid 298:309 arg1 pentacyclic 286:296 a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid 276:309 a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods 276:378 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods. 24649404 4 17 theme human 727:731 arg1 lines 745:749 human cancer cell lines 727:749 human cancer cell lines 727:749 Ursolic acid markedly inhibited the IL-1α-induced cell-surface ICAM-1 expression in human cancer cell lines and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 24649404 1 18 from present 319:325 arg1 plants 335:340 many plants 330:340 many plants 330:340 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods. 24649404 1 18 from present 319:325 arg1 herbs 363:367 medicinal herbs 353:367 medicinal herbs 353:367 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods. 24649404 1 18 from present 319:325 arg1 foods 374:378 foods 374:378 foods 374:378 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods. 24649404 4 19 theme Ursolic 643:649 arg1 acid 651:654 Ursolic acid 643:654 Ursolic acid 643:654 Ursolic acid markedly inhibited the IL-1α-induced cell-surface ICAM-1 expression in human cancer cell lines and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 24649404 4 20 theme IL-1α-induced 679:691 arg1 expression 713:722 the IL-1α-induced cell-surface ICAM-1 expression 675:722 the IL-1α-induced cell-surface ICAM-1 expression in human cancer cell lines and human umbilical vein endothelial cells 675:792 Ursolic acid markedly inhibited the IL-1α-induced cell-surface ICAM-1 expression in human cancer cell lines and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 24649404 2 21 theme molecule-1 479:488 arg1 expression 442:451 the expression 438:451 the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) 438:497 Ursolic acid was initially identified as an inhibitor of the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in response to interleukin-1α (IL-1α). 24649404 9 22 theme ursolic 1360:1366 arg1 acid 1368:1371 ursolic acid 1360:1371 ursolic acid 1360:1371 Thus, our results reveal that ursolic acid inhibits intracellular trafficking of proteins and induces the accumulation of ICAM-1 linked to high-mannose-type glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24649404 5 23 theme inhibitory 834:843 arg1 effects 845:851 weak inhibitory effects 829:851 weak inhibitory effects 829:851 By contrast, ursolic acid exerted weak inhibitory effects on the IL-1α-induced ICAM-1 expression at the protein level. 24649404 1 24 located present 319:325 arg1 plants 335:340 many plants 330:340 many plants 330:340 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods. 24649404 1 24 located present 319:325 arg2 acid 233:236 Ursolic acid 225:236 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) 225:271 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods. 24649404 1 24 located present 319:325 arg1 foods 374:378 foods 374:378 foods 374:378 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods. 24649404 1 24 located present 319:325 arg2 present 319:325 present 319:325 present 319:325 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods. 24649404 1 24 located present 319:325 arg2 pentacyclic 286:296 a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid 276:309 a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods 276:378 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods. 24649404 1 24 located present 319:325 arg1 herbs 363:367 medicinal herbs 353:367 medicinal herbs 353:367 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods. 24649404 5 25 theme protein 899:905 arg1 level 907:911 the protein level 895:911 the protein level 895:911 By contrast, ursolic acid exerted weak inhibitory effects on the IL-1α-induced ICAM-1 expression at the protein level. 24649404 2 26 theme adhesion 470:477 arg1 ICAM-1 491:496 ICAM-1 491:496 ICAM-1 491:496 Ursolic acid was initially identified as an inhibitor of the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in response to interleukin-1α (IL-1α). 24649404 2 26 theme adhesion 470:477 arg1 molecule-1 479:488 intercellular adhesion molecule-1 456:488 intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) 456:497 Ursolic acid was initially identified as an inhibitor of the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in response to interleukin-1α (IL-1α). 24649404 7 27 theme Ursolic 1078:1084 arg1 acid 1086:1089 Ursolic acid 1078:1089 Ursolic acid 1078:1089 Ursolic acid induced the accumulation of ICAM-1 in the endoplasmic reticulum, which was linked mainly to high-mannose-type glycans. 24649404 4 28 theme vein 771:774 arg1 cells 788:792 human umbilical vein endothelial cells 755:792 human umbilical vein endothelial cells 755:792 Ursolic acid markedly inhibited the IL-1α-induced cell-surface ICAM-1 expression in human cancer cell lines and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 24649404 4 29 theme ICAM-1 706:711 arg1 expression 713:722 the IL-1α-induced cell-surface ICAM-1 expression 675:722 the IL-1α-induced cell-surface ICAM-1 expression in human cancer cell lines and human umbilical vein endothelial cells 675:792 Ursolic acid markedly inhibited the IL-1α-induced cell-surface ICAM-1 expression in human cancer cell lines and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 24649404 0 30 theme Ursolic 0:6 arg1 pentacyclic 24:34 a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid 14:47 a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid 14:47 Ursolic acid, a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, inhibits intracellular trafficking of proteins and induces accumulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 linked to high-mannose-type glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24649404 0 30 theme Ursolic 0:6 arg1 acid 8:11 Ursolic acid 0:11 Ursolic acid 0:11 Ursolic acid, a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, inhibits intracellular trafficking of proteins and induces accumulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 linked to high-mannose-type glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24649404 4 31 theme umbilical 761:769 arg1 cells 788:792 human umbilical vein endothelial cells 755:792 human umbilical vein endothelial cells 755:792 Ursolic acid markedly inhibited the IL-1α-induced cell-surface ICAM-1 expression in human cancer cell lines and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 24649404 0 32 attach linked 159:164 arg2 molecule-1 148:157 intercellular adhesion molecule-1 125:157 intercellular adhesion molecule-1 linked to high-mannose-type glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum 125:222 Ursolic acid, a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, inhibits intracellular trafficking of proteins and induces accumulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 linked to high-mannose-type glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24649404 0 32 attach linked 159:164 arg3 reticulum 214:222 the endoplasmic reticulum 198:222 the endoplasmic reticulum 198:222 Ursolic acid, a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, inhibits intracellular trafficking of proteins and induces accumulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 linked to high-mannose-type glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24649404 0 32 attach linked 159:164 arg1 glycans 187:193 high-mannose-type glycans 169:193 high-mannose-type glycans 169:193 Ursolic acid, a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, inhibits intracellular trafficking of proteins and induces accumulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 linked to high-mannose-type glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24649404 4 33 theme cell-surface 693:704 arg1 expression 713:722 the IL-1α-induced cell-surface ICAM-1 expression 675:722 the IL-1α-induced cell-surface ICAM-1 expression in human cancer cell lines and human umbilical vein endothelial cells 675:792 Ursolic acid markedly inhibited the IL-1α-induced cell-surface ICAM-1 expression in human cancer cell lines and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 24649404 1 34 from foods 374:378 arg1 present 319:325 present 319:325 present 319:325 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods. 24649404 1 34 from foods 374:378 arg1 acid 233:236 Ursolic acid 225:236 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) 225:271 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods. 24649404 1 34 from foods 374:378 arg1 pentacyclic 286:296 a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid 276:309 a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods 276:378 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods. 24649404 9 35 theme intracellular 1382:1394 arg1 trafficking 1396:1406 intracellular trafficking 1382:1406 intracellular trafficking of proteins 1382:1418 Thus, our results reveal that ursolic acid inhibits intracellular trafficking of proteins and induces the accumulation of ICAM-1 linked to high-mannose-type glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24649404 0 36 theme intercellular 125:137 arg1 molecule-1 148:157 intercellular adhesion molecule-1 125:157 intercellular adhesion molecule-1 linked to high-mannose-type glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum 125:222 Ursolic acid, a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, inhibits intracellular trafficking of proteins and induces accumulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 linked to high-mannose-type glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24649404 3 37 theme novel 555:559 arg1 activity 572:579 a novel biological activity 553:579 a novel biological activity: ursolic acid inhibits intracellular trafficking of proteins 553:640 We report here a novel biological activity: ursolic acid inhibits intracellular trafficking of proteins. 24649404 5 38 theme IL-1α-induced 860:872 arg1 expression 881:890 the IL-1α-induced ICAM-1 expression 856:890 the IL-1α-induced ICAM-1 expression at the protein level 856:911 By contrast, ursolic acid exerted weak inhibitory effects on the IL-1α-induced ICAM-1 expression at the protein level. 24649404 2 39 theme expression 442:451 arg1 inhibitor 425:433 an inhibitor 422:433 an inhibitor of the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) 422:497 Ursolic acid was initially identified as an inhibitor of the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in response to interleukin-1α (IL-1α). 24649404 2 39 theme expression 442:451 arg1 acid 389:392 Ursolic acid 381:392 Ursolic acid 381:392 Ursolic acid was initially identified as an inhibitor of the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in response to interleukin-1α (IL-1α). 24649404 6 40 theme ICAM-1 998:1003 arg1 weight 988:993 the apparent molecular weight 965:993 the apparent molecular weight of ICAM-1 965:1003 Surprisingly, we found that ursolic acid decreased the apparent molecular weight of ICAM-1 and altered the structures of N-linked oligosaccharides bound to ICAM-1. 24649404 2 41 theme intercellular 456:468 arg1 ICAM-1 491:496 ICAM-1 491:496 ICAM-1 491:496 Ursolic acid was initially identified as an inhibitor of the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in response to interleukin-1α (IL-1α). 24649404 2 41 theme intercellular 456:468 arg1 molecule-1 479:488 intercellular adhesion molecule-1 456:488 intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) 456:497 Ursolic acid was initially identified as an inhibitor of the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in response to interleukin-1α (IL-1α). 24649404 3 42 theme biological 561:570 arg1 activity 572:579 a novel biological activity 553:579 a novel biological activity: ursolic acid inhibits intracellular trafficking of proteins 553:640 We report here a novel biological activity: ursolic acid inhibits intracellular trafficking of proteins. 24649404 1 43 theme Ursolic 225:231 arg1 present 319:325 present 319:325 present 319:325 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods. 24649404 1 43 theme Ursolic 225:231 arg1 pentacyclic 286:296 a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid 276:309 a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods 276:378 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods. 24649404 1 43 theme Ursolic 225:231 arg1 acid 233:236 Ursolic acid 225:236 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) 225:271 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods. 24649404 1 43 theme Ursolic 225:231 arg1 acid 267:270 3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid 239:270 3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid 239:270 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods. 24649404 5 44 theme ursolic 808:814 arg1 acid 816:819 ursolic acid 808:819 ursolic acid 808:819 By contrast, ursolic acid exerted weak inhibitory effects on the IL-1α-induced ICAM-1 expression at the protein level. 24649404 0 45 theme molecule-1 148:157 arg1 accumulation 109:120 accumulation 109:120 accumulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 linked to high-mannose-type glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum 109:222 Ursolic acid, a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, inhibits intracellular trafficking of proteins and induces accumulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 linked to high-mannose-type glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24649404 0 46 theme natural 16:22 arg1 pentacyclic 24:34 a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid 14:47 a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid 14:47 Ursolic acid, a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, inhibits intracellular trafficking of proteins and induces accumulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 linked to high-mannose-type glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24649404 0 46 theme natural 16:22 arg1 acid 8:11 Ursolic acid 0:11 Ursolic acid 0:11 Ursolic acid, a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, inhibits intracellular trafficking of proteins and induces accumulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 linked to high-mannose-type glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24649404 1 47 theme many 330:333 arg1 plants 335:340 many plants 330:340 many plants 330:340 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods. 24649404 1 47 theme many 330:333 arg1 herbs 363:367 medicinal herbs 353:367 medicinal herbs 353:367 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods. 24649404 0 48 theme adhesion 139:146 arg1 molecule-1 148:157 intercellular adhesion molecule-1 125:157 intercellular adhesion molecule-1 linked to high-mannose-type glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum 125:222 Ursolic acid, a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, inhibits intracellular trafficking of proteins and induces accumulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 linked to high-mannose-type glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24649404 3 49 theme intracellular 604:616 arg1 trafficking 618:628 intracellular trafficking 604:628 intracellular trafficking of proteins 604:640 We report here a novel biological activity: ursolic acid inhibits intracellular trafficking of proteins. 24649404 6 50 theme molecular 978:986 arg1 weight 988:993 the apparent molecular weight 965:993 the apparent molecular weight of ICAM-1 965:1003 Surprisingly, we found that ursolic acid decreased the apparent molecular weight of ICAM-1 and altered the structures of N-linked oligosaccharides bound to ICAM-1. 24649404 5 51 theme weak 829:832 arg1 effects 845:851 weak inhibitory effects 829:851 weak inhibitory effects 829:851 By contrast, ursolic acid exerted weak inhibitory effects on the IL-1α-induced ICAM-1 expression at the protein level. 24649404 3 52 theme ursolic 582:588 arg1 acid 590:593 ursolic acid 582:593 ursolic acid 582:593 We report here a novel biological activity: ursolic acid inhibits intracellular trafficking of proteins. 24649404 0 53 theme triterpenoid 36:47 arg1 pentacyclic 24:34 a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid 14:47 a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid 14:47 Ursolic acid, a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, inhibits intracellular trafficking of proteins and induces accumulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 linked to high-mannose-type glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24649404 0 53 theme triterpenoid 36:47 arg1 acid 8:11 Ursolic acid 0:11 Ursolic acid 0:11 Ursolic acid, a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, inhibits intracellular trafficking of proteins and induces accumulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 linked to high-mannose-type glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24649404 6 54 theme apparent 969:976 arg1 weight 988:993 the apparent molecular weight 965:993 the apparent molecular weight of ICAM-1 965:1003 Surprisingly, we found that ursolic acid decreased the apparent molecular weight of ICAM-1 and altered the structures of N-linked oligosaccharides bound to ICAM-1. 24649404 9 55 from glycans 1487:1493 arg1 reticulum 1514:1522 the endoplasmic reticulum 1498:1522 the endoplasmic reticulum 1498:1522 Thus, our results reveal that ursolic acid inhibits intracellular trafficking of proteins and induces the accumulation of ICAM-1 linked to high-mannose-type glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24649404 8 56 from cells 1244:1248 arg1 fragmented 1275:1284 fragmented 1275:1284 fragmented 1275:1284 Moreover, in ursolic-acid-treated cells, the Golgi apparatus was fragmented into pieces and distributed over the cells. 24649404 4 57 theme cell 740:743 arg1 lines 745:749 human cancer cell lines 727:749 human cancer cell lines 727:749 Ursolic acid markedly inhibited the IL-1α-induced cell-surface ICAM-1 expression in human cancer cell lines and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 24649404 2 58 dep interleukin-1α 514:527 arg1 response 502:509 response 502:509 response 502:509 Ursolic acid was initially identified as an inhibitor of the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in response to interleukin-1α (IL-1α). 24649404 3 59 theme proteins 633:640 arg1 trafficking 618:628 intracellular trafficking 604:628 intracellular trafficking of proteins 604:640 We report here a novel biological activity: ursolic acid inhibits intracellular trafficking of proteins. 24649404 4 60 theme human 755:759 arg1 cells 788:792 human umbilical vein endothelial cells 755:792 human umbilical vein endothelial cells 755:792 Ursolic acid markedly inhibited the IL-1α-induced cell-surface ICAM-1 expression in human cancer cell lines and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 24649404 6 61 link N-linked 1035:1042 arg1 oligosaccharides 1044:1059 N-linked oligosaccharides 1035:1059 N-linked oligosaccharides bound to ICAM-1 1035:1075 Surprisingly, we found that ursolic acid decreased the apparent molecular weight of ICAM-1 and altered the structures of N-linked oligosaccharides bound to ICAM-1. 24649404 1 62 theme 3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic 239:265 arg1 acid 233:236 Ursolic acid 225:236 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) 225:271 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods. 24649404 1 62 theme 3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic 239:265 arg1 acid 267:270 3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid 239:270 3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid 239:270 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods. 24649404 1 63 attach present 319:325 arg1 plants 335:340 many plants 330:340 many plants 330:340 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods. 24649404 1 63 attach present 319:325 arg2 acid 233:236 Ursolic acid 225:236 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) 225:271 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods. 24649404 1 63 attach present 319:325 arg1 foods 374:378 foods 374:378 foods 374:378 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods. 24649404 1 63 attach present 319:325 arg2 present 319:325 present 319:325 present 319:325 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods. 24649404 1 63 attach present 319:325 arg2 pentacyclic 286:296 a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid 276:309 a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods 276:378 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods. 24649404 1 63 attach present 319:325 arg1 herbs 363:367 medicinal herbs 353:367 medicinal herbs 353:367 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods. 24649404 9 64 theme high-mannose-type 1469:1485 arg1 glycans 1487:1493 high-mannose-type glycans 1469:1493 high-mannose-type glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum 1469:1522 Thus, our results reveal that ursolic acid inhibits intracellular trafficking of proteins and induces the accumulation of ICAM-1 linked to high-mannose-type glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24649404 8 65 theme ursolic-acid-treated 1223:1242 arg1 cells 1244:1248 ursolic-acid-treated cells 1223:1248 ursolic-acid-treated cells 1223:1248 Moreover, in ursolic-acid-treated cells, the Golgi apparatus was fragmented into pieces and distributed over the cells. 24649404 5 66 from level 907:911 arg1 expression 881:890 the IL-1α-induced ICAM-1 expression 856:890 the IL-1α-induced ICAM-1 expression at the protein level 856:911 By contrast, ursolic acid exerted weak inhibitory effects on the IL-1α-induced ICAM-1 expression at the protein level. 24649404 5 67 theme ICAM-1 874:879 arg1 expression 881:890 the IL-1α-induced ICAM-1 expression 856:890 the IL-1α-induced ICAM-1 expression at the protein level 856:911 By contrast, ursolic acid exerted weak inhibitory effects on the IL-1α-induced ICAM-1 expression at the protein level. 24649404 8 68 theme Golgi 1255:1259 arg1 apparatus 1261:1269 the Golgi apparatus 1251:1269 the Golgi apparatus 1251:1269 Moreover, in ursolic-acid-treated cells, the Golgi apparatus was fragmented into pieces and distributed over the cells. 24649404 0 69 theme intracellular 59:71 arg1 trafficking 73:83 intracellular trafficking 59:83 intracellular trafficking of proteins 59:95 Ursolic acid, a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, inhibits intracellular trafficking of proteins and induces accumulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 linked to high-mannose-type glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24649404 4 70 from expression 713:722 arg1 lines 745:749 human cancer cell lines 727:749 human cancer cell lines 727:749 Ursolic acid markedly inhibited the IL-1α-induced cell-surface ICAM-1 expression in human cancer cell lines and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 24649404 4 70 from expression 713:722 arg1 cells 788:792 human umbilical vein endothelial cells 755:792 human umbilical vein endothelial cells 755:792 Ursolic acid markedly inhibited the IL-1α-induced cell-surface ICAM-1 expression in human cancer cell lines and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 24649404 7 71 from accumulation 1103:1114 arg1 reticulum 1145:1153 the endoplasmic reticulum 1129:1153 the endoplasmic reticulum 1129:1153 Ursolic acid induced the accumulation of ICAM-1 in the endoplasmic reticulum, which was linked mainly to high-mannose-type glycans. 24649404 9 72 theme endoplasmic 1502:1512 arg1 reticulum 1514:1522 the endoplasmic reticulum 1498:1522 the endoplasmic reticulum 1498:1522 Thus, our results reveal that ursolic acid inhibits intracellular trafficking of proteins and induces the accumulation of ICAM-1 linked to high-mannose-type glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24649404 9 73 theme ICAM-1 1452:1457 arg1 accumulation 1436:1447 the accumulation 1432:1447 the accumulation of ICAM-1 linked to high-mannose-type glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum 1432:1522 Thus, our results reveal that ursolic acid inhibits intracellular trafficking of proteins and induces the accumulation of ICAM-1 linked to high-mannose-type glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum. 24649404 1 74 theme medicinal 353:361 arg1 herbs 363:367 medicinal herbs 353:367 medicinal herbs 353:367 Ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that is present in many plants, including medicinal herbs, and foods. 24649404 2 75 theme Ursolic 381:387 arg1 inhibitor 425:433 an inhibitor 422:433 an inhibitor of the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) 422:497 Ursolic acid was initially identified as an inhibitor of the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in response to interleukin-1α (IL-1α). 24649404 2 75 theme Ursolic 381:387 arg1 acid 389:392 Ursolic acid 381:392 Ursolic acid 381:392 Ursolic acid was initially identified as an inhibitor of the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in response to interleukin-1α (IL-1α). 24649404 7 76 attach linked 1166:1171 arg1 glycans 1201:1207 high-mannose-type glycans 1183:1207 high-mannose-type glycans 1183:1207 Ursolic acid induced the accumulation of ICAM-1 in the endoplasmic reticulum, which was linked mainly to high-mannose-type glycans. 24649404 7 76 attach linked 1166:1171 arg2 reticulum 1145:1153 the endoplasmic reticulum 1129:1153 the endoplasmic reticulum 1129:1153 Ursolic acid induced the accumulation of ICAM-1 in the endoplasmic reticulum, which was linked mainly to high-mannose-type glycans. 24649404 6 77 theme oligosaccharides 1044:1059 arg1 structures 1021:1030 the structures 1017:1030 the structures of N-linked oligosaccharides bound to ICAM-1 1017:1075 Surprisingly, we found that ursolic acid decreased the apparent molecular weight of ICAM-1 and altered the structures of N-linked oligosaccharides bound to ICAM-1. 25458579 7 0 theme sulfated 1246:1253 arg1 sGAG 1274:1277 sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) 1246:1278 sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) 1246:1278 Orbital shaking led to the highest construct EY, sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG), and collagen contents, whereas rocking had detrimental effects on sGAG and collagen versus static control. 25458579 4 1 theme culture 666:672 arg1 dishes 674:679 culture dishes 666:679 culture dishes 666:679 Cultivation of cylindrical channeled constructs flat in culture dishes, with or without orbital shaking, produced asymmetric constructs with poor tissue properties. 25458579 3 2 theme media 581:585 arg1 flow 587:590 media flow 581:590 media flow through channels 581:607 Incorporation of nutrient channels into large constructs is a promising technique for alleviating transport limitations, in conjunction with simple yet effective methods for enhancing media flow through channels. 25458579 10 3 theme constructs 1725:1734 arg1 method 1789:1794 a promising method 1777:1794 a promising method for engineering mechanically competent large cartilage constructs 1777:1860 These results suggest that the cultivation of channeled constructs in culture racks with orbital shaking is a promising method for engineering mechanically competent large cartilage constructs. 25458579 10 3 theme constructs 1725:1734 arg1 cultivation 1700:1710 the cultivation 1696:1710 the cultivation of channeled constructs in culture racks with orbital shaking 1696:1772 These results suggest that the cultivation of channeled constructs in culture racks with orbital shaking is a promising method for engineering mechanically competent large cartilage constructs. 25458579 2 4 theme nutrient 292:299 arg1 consumption 301:311 nutrient consumption 292:311 nutrient consumption by peripheral cells 292:331 Transport limitations due to nutrient consumption by peripheral cells produce heterogeneous constructs with matrix-deficient centers. 25458579 1 5 theme functional 184:193 arg1 tissues 195:201 culture functional tissues 176:201 culture functional tissues that are sufficiently large to treat osteoarthritic joints 176:260 A significant challenge in cartilage tissue engineering is to successfully culture functional tissues that are sufficiently large to treat osteoarthritic joints. 25458579 9 6 theme % 1662:1662 arg1 sGAG 1654:1657 sGAG 1654:1657 sGAG (~9%/ww) 1654:1666 Under these conditions, the constructs developed symmetrically and reached or exceeded native levels of EY (~400kPa) and sGAG (~9%/ww). 25458579 9 6 theme % 1662:1662 arg1 /ww 1663:1665 ~9%/ww 1660:1665 ~9%/ww 1660:1665 Under these conditions, the constructs developed symmetrically and reached or exceeded native levels of EY (~400kPa) and sGAG (~9%/ww). 25458579 4 7 theme tissue 756:761 arg1 properties 763:772 poor tissue properties 751:772 poor tissue properties 751:772 Cultivation of cylindrical channeled constructs flat in culture dishes, with or without orbital shaking, produced asymmetric constructs with poor tissue properties. 25458579 2 8 theme heterogeneous 341:353 arg1 constructs 355:364 heterogeneous constructs 341:364 heterogeneous constructs with matrix-deficient centers 341:394 Transport limitations due to nutrient consumption by peripheral cells produce heterogeneous constructs with matrix-deficient centers. 25458579 3 9 with conjunction 521:531 arg1 methods 559:565 simple yet effective methods 538:565 simple yet effective methods for enhancing media flow through channels 538:607 Incorporation of nutrient channels into large constructs is a promising technique for alleviating transport limitations, in conjunction with simple yet effective methods for enhancing media flow through channels. 25458579 10 10 theme culture 1739:1745 arg1 racks 1747:1751 culture racks 1739:1751 culture racks with orbital shaking 1739:1772 These results suggest that the cultivation of channeled constructs in culture racks with orbital shaking is a promising method for engineering mechanically competent large cartilage constructs. 25458579 4 11 theme asymmetric 724:733 arg1 constructs 735:744 asymmetric constructs 724:744 asymmetric constructs with poor tissue properties 724:772 Cultivation of cylindrical channeled constructs flat in culture dishes, with or without orbital shaking, produced asymmetric constructs with poor tissue properties. 25458579 7 12 theme static 1372:1377 arg1 control 1379:1385 static control 1372:1385 static control 1372:1385 Orbital shaking led to the highest construct EY, sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG), and collagen contents, whereas rocking had detrimental effects on sGAG and collagen versus static control. 25458579 2 13 theme due 285:287 arg1 limitations 273:283 Transport limitations 263:283 Transport limitations due to nutrient consumption by peripheral cells 263:331 Transport limitations due to nutrient consumption by peripheral cells produce heterogeneous constructs with matrix-deficient centers. 25458579 1 14 theme tissue 138:143 arg1 engineering 145:155 cartilage tissue engineering 128:155 cartilage tissue engineering 128:155 A significant challenge in cartilage tissue engineering is to successfully culture functional tissues that are sufficiently large to treat osteoarthritic joints. 25458579 8 15 theme channels 1478:1485 arg1 marked 1497:1502 marked 1497:1502 marked 1497:1502 Nutrient channels increased EY as well as sGAG homogeneity, and the beneficial effects of channels were most marked in orbitally shaken samples. 25458579 8 15 theme channels 1478:1485 arg1 effects 1467:1473 the beneficial effects 1452:1473 the beneficial effects of channels 1452:1485 Nutrient channels increased EY as well as sGAG homogeneity, and the beneficial effects of channels were most marked in orbitally shaken samples. 25458579 2 16 theme Transport 263:271 arg1 limitations 273:283 Transport limitations 263:283 Transport limitations due to nutrient consumption by peripheral cells 263:331 Transport limitations due to nutrient consumption by peripheral cells produce heterogeneous constructs with matrix-deficient centers. 25458579 6 17 from sides 1056:1060 arg1 racks 1080:1084 custom culture racks 1065:1084 custom culture racks 1065:1084 To this end, chondrocyte-seeded agarose constructs (∅10mm, 2.34mm thick), with zero or three nutrient channels (∅1mm), were suspended on their sides in custom culture racks and subjected to three media stirring modes for 56 days: uniaxial rocking, orbital shaking, or static control. 25458579 0 18 theme large 73:77 arg1 constructs 89:98 large cartilage constructs 73:98 large cartilage constructs 73:98 Nutrient channels and stirring enhanced the composition and stiffness of large cartilage constructs. 25458579 3 19 theme nutrient 414:421 arg1 channels 423:430 nutrient channels 414:430 nutrient channels 414:430 Incorporation of nutrient channels into large constructs is a promising technique for alleviating transport limitations, in conjunction with simple yet effective methods for enhancing media flow through channels. 25458579 0 20 theme constructs 89:98 arg1 stiffness 60:68 stiffness 60:68 stiffness 60:68 Nutrient channels and stirring enhanced the composition and stiffness of large cartilage constructs. 25458579 0 20 theme constructs 89:98 arg1 composition 44:54 composition 44:54 composition 44:54 Nutrient channels and stirring enhanced the composition and stiffness of large cartilage constructs. 25458579 8 21 theme shaken 1517:1522 arg1 samples 1524:1530 orbitally shaken samples 1507:1530 orbitally shaken samples 1507:1530 Nutrient channels increased EY as well as sGAG homogeneity, and the beneficial effects of channels were most marked in orbitally shaken samples. 25458579 5 22 theme construct 830:838 arg1 surface 840:846 the entire construct surface 819:846 the entire construct surface 819:846 We therefore explored a method for exposing the entire construct surface to the culture media, while promoting flow through the channels. 25458579 0 23 theme Nutrient 0:7 arg1 channels 9:16 Nutrient channels 0:16 Nutrient channels 0:16 Nutrient channels and stirring enhanced the composition and stiffness of large cartilage constructs. 25458579 1 24 from challenge 115:123 arg1 engineering 145:155 cartilage tissue engineering 128:155 cartilage tissue engineering 128:155 A significant challenge in cartilage tissue engineering is to successfully culture functional tissues that are sufficiently large to treat osteoarthritic joints. 25458579 7 25 theme detrimental 1324:1334 arg1 effects 1336:1342 detrimental effects 1324:1342 detrimental effects 1324:1342 Orbital shaking led to the highest construct EY, sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG), and collagen contents, whereas rocking had detrimental effects on sGAG and collagen versus static control. 25458579 4 26 theme cylindrical 625:635 arg1 constructs 647:656 cylindrical channeled constructs 625:656 cylindrical channeled constructs 625:656 Cultivation of cylindrical channeled constructs flat in culture dishes, with or without orbital shaking, produced asymmetric constructs with poor tissue properties. 25458579 8 27 theme Nutrient 1388:1395 arg1 channels 1397:1404 Nutrient channels 1388:1404 Nutrient channels 1388:1404 Nutrient channels increased EY as well as sGAG homogeneity, and the beneficial effects of channels were most marked in orbitally shaken samples. 25458579 1 28 theme significant 103:113 arg1 challenge 115:123 A significant challenge 101:123 A significant challenge in cartilage tissue engineering 101:155 A significant challenge in cartilage tissue engineering is to successfully culture functional tissues that are sufficiently large to treat osteoarthritic joints. 25458579 4 29 theme constructs 647:656 arg1 Cultivation 610:620 Cultivation 610:620 Cultivation of cylindrical channeled constructs flat in culture dishes, with or without orbital shaking, 610:713 Cultivation of cylindrical channeled constructs flat in culture dishes, with or without orbital shaking, produced asymmetric constructs with poor tissue properties. 25458579 10 30 theme cartilage 1841:1849 arg1 constructs 1851:1860 mechanically competent large cartilage constructs 1812:1860 mechanically competent large cartilage constructs 1812:1860 These results suggest that the cultivation of channeled constructs in culture racks with orbital shaking is a promising method for engineering mechanically competent large cartilage constructs. 25458579 6 31 theme chondrocyte-seeded 926:943 arg1 ∅10mm 965:969 ∅10mm 965:969 ∅10mm 965:969 To this end, chondrocyte-seeded agarose constructs (∅10mm, 2.34mm thick), with zero or three nutrient channels (∅1mm), were suspended on their sides in custom culture racks and subjected to three media stirring modes for 56 days: uniaxial rocking, orbital shaking, or static control. 25458579 6 31 theme chondrocyte-seeded 926:943 arg1 constructs 953:962 chondrocyte-seeded agarose constructs 926:962 chondrocyte-seeded agarose constructs (∅10mm, 2.34mm thick) 926:984 To this end, chondrocyte-seeded agarose constructs (∅10mm, 2.34mm thick), with zero or three nutrient channels (∅1mm), were suspended on their sides in custom culture racks and subjected to three media stirring modes for 56 days: uniaxial rocking, orbital shaking, or static control. 25458579 0 32 dep composition 44:54 arg1 the 40:42 the 40:42 the 40:42 Nutrient channels and stirring enhanced the composition and stiffness of large cartilage constructs. 25458579 6 33 theme culture 1072:1078 arg1 racks 1080:1084 custom culture racks 1065:1084 custom culture racks 1065:1084 To this end, chondrocyte-seeded agarose constructs (∅10mm, 2.34mm thick), with zero or three nutrient channels (∅1mm), were suspended on their sides in custom culture racks and subjected to three media stirring modes for 56 days: uniaxial rocking, orbital shaking, or static control. 25458579 10 34 theme competent 1825:1833 arg1 constructs 1851:1860 mechanically competent large cartilage constructs 1812:1860 mechanically competent large cartilage constructs 1812:1860 These results suggest that the cultivation of channeled constructs in culture racks with orbital shaking is a promising method for engineering mechanically competent large cartilage constructs. 25458579 9 35 theme native 1620:1625 arg1 levels 1627:1632 native levels 1620:1632 native levels of EY (~400kPa) and sGAG (~9%/ww) 1620:1666 Under these conditions, the constructs developed symmetrically and reached or exceeded native levels of EY (~400kPa) and sGAG (~9%/ww). 25458579 7 36 theme collagen 1285:1292 arg1 contents 1294:1301 collagen contents 1285:1301 collagen contents 1285:1301 Orbital shaking led to the highest construct EY, sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG), and collagen contents, whereas rocking had detrimental effects on sGAG and collagen versus static control. 25458579 2 37 theme matrix-deficient 371:386 arg1 centers 388:394 matrix-deficient centers 371:394 matrix-deficient centers 371:394 Transport limitations due to nutrient consumption by peripheral cells produce heterogeneous constructs with matrix-deficient centers. 25458579 7 38 theme highest 1224:1230 arg1 EY 1242:1243 the highest construct EY 1220:1243 the highest construct EY 1220:1243 Orbital shaking led to the highest construct EY, sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG), and collagen contents, whereas rocking had detrimental effects on sGAG and collagen versus static control. 25458579 7 39 theme glycosaminoglycan 1255:1271 arg1 sGAG 1274:1277 sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) 1246:1278 sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) 1246:1278 Orbital shaking led to the highest construct EY, sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG), and collagen contents, whereas rocking had detrimental effects on sGAG and collagen versus static control. 25458579 2 40 theme peripheral 316:325 arg1 cells 327:331 peripheral cells 316:331 peripheral cells 316:331 Transport limitations due to nutrient consumption by peripheral cells produce heterogeneous constructs with matrix-deficient centers. 25458579 9 41 theme sGAG 1654:1657 arg1 levels 1627:1632 native levels 1620:1632 native levels of EY (~400kPa) and sGAG (~9%/ww) 1620:1666 Under these conditions, the constructs developed symmetrically and reached or exceeded native levels of EY (~400kPa) and sGAG (~9%/ww). 25458579 10 42 theme channeled 1715:1723 arg1 constructs 1725:1734 channeled constructs 1715:1734 channeled constructs 1715:1734 These results suggest that the cultivation of channeled constructs in culture racks with orbital shaking is a promising method for engineering mechanically competent large cartilage constructs. 25458579 1 43 theme culture 176:182 arg1 tissues 195:201 culture functional tissues 176:201 culture functional tissues that are sufficiently large to treat osteoarthritic joints 176:260 A significant challenge in cartilage tissue engineering is to successfully culture functional tissues that are sufficiently large to treat osteoarthritic joints. 25458579 9 44 theme ~9 1660:1661 arg1 sGAG 1654:1657 sGAG 1654:1657 sGAG (~9%/ww) 1654:1666 Under these conditions, the constructs developed symmetrically and reached or exceeded native levels of EY (~400kPa) and sGAG (~9%/ww). 25458579 9 44 theme ~9 1660:1661 arg1 /ww 1663:1665 ~9%/ww 1660:1665 ~9%/ww 1660:1665 Under these conditions, the constructs developed symmetrically and reached or exceeded native levels of EY (~400kPa) and sGAG (~9%/ww). 25458579 6 45 theme static 1181:1186 arg1 control 1188:1194 static control 1181:1194 static control 1181:1194 To this end, chondrocyte-seeded agarose constructs (∅10mm, 2.34mm thick), with zero or three nutrient channels (∅1mm), were suspended on their sides in custom culture racks and subjected to three media stirring modes for 56 days: uniaxial rocking, orbital shaking, or static control. 25458579 6 45 theme static 1181:1186 arg1 modes 1124:1128 modes 1124:1128 modes for 56 days: uniaxial rocking, orbital shaking, or static control 1124:1194 To this end, chondrocyte-seeded agarose constructs (∅10mm, 2.34mm thick), with zero or three nutrient channels (∅1mm), were suspended on their sides in custom culture racks and subjected to three media stirring modes for 56 days: uniaxial rocking, orbital shaking, or static control. 25458579 5 46 theme culture 855:861 arg1 media 863:867 the culture media 851:867 the culture media 851:867 We therefore explored a method for exposing the entire construct surface to the culture media, while promoting flow through the channels. 25458579 7 47 theme construct 1232:1240 arg1 EY 1242:1243 the highest construct EY 1220:1243 the highest construct EY 1220:1243 Orbital shaking led to the highest construct EY, sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG), and collagen contents, whereas rocking had detrimental effects on sGAG and collagen versus static control. 25458579 10 48 theme orbital 1758:1764 arg1 shaking 1766:1772 orbital shaking 1758:1772 orbital shaking 1758:1772 These results suggest that the cultivation of channeled constructs in culture racks with orbital shaking is a promising method for engineering mechanically competent large cartilage constructs. 25458579 10 49 from cultivation 1700:1710 arg1 racks 1747:1751 culture racks 1739:1751 culture racks with orbital shaking 1739:1772 These results suggest that the cultivation of channeled constructs in culture racks with orbital shaking is a promising method for engineering mechanically competent large cartilage constructs. 25458579 4 50 theme poor 751:754 arg1 properties 763:772 poor tissue properties 751:772 poor tissue properties 751:772 Cultivation of cylindrical channeled constructs flat in culture dishes, with or without orbital shaking, produced asymmetric constructs with poor tissue properties. 25458579 6 51 theme orbital 1161:1167 arg1 modes 1124:1128 modes 1124:1128 modes for 56 days: uniaxial rocking, orbital shaking, or static control 1124:1194 To this end, chondrocyte-seeded agarose constructs (∅10mm, 2.34mm thick), with zero or three nutrient channels (∅1mm), were suspended on their sides in custom culture racks and subjected to three media stirring modes for 56 days: uniaxial rocking, orbital shaking, or static control. 25458579 6 51 theme orbital 1161:1167 arg1 shaking 1169:1175 orbital shaking 1161:1175 orbital shaking 1161:1175 To this end, chondrocyte-seeded agarose constructs (∅10mm, 2.34mm thick), with zero or three nutrient channels (∅1mm), were suspended on their sides in custom culture racks and subjected to three media stirring modes for 56 days: uniaxial rocking, orbital shaking, or static control. 25458579 10 52 theme promising 1779:1787 arg1 method 1789:1794 a promising method 1777:1794 a promising method for engineering mechanically competent large cartilage constructs 1777:1860 These results suggest that the cultivation of channeled constructs in culture racks with orbital shaking is a promising method for engineering mechanically competent large cartilage constructs. 25458579 10 52 theme promising 1779:1787 arg1 cultivation 1700:1710 the cultivation 1696:1710 the cultivation of channeled constructs in culture racks with orbital shaking 1696:1772 These results suggest that the cultivation of channeled constructs in culture racks with orbital shaking is a promising method for engineering mechanically competent large cartilage constructs. 25458579 6 53 theme nutrient 1006:1013 arg1 ∅1mm 1025:1028 ∅1mm 1025:1028 ∅1mm 1025:1028 To this end, chondrocyte-seeded agarose constructs (∅10mm, 2.34mm thick), with zero or three nutrient channels (∅1mm), were suspended on their sides in custom culture racks and subjected to three media stirring modes for 56 days: uniaxial rocking, orbital shaking, or static control. 25458579 6 53 theme nutrient 1006:1013 arg1 channels 1015:1022 zero or three nutrient channels 992:1022 zero or three nutrient channels (∅1mm) 992:1029 To this end, chondrocyte-seeded agarose constructs (∅10mm, 2.34mm thick), with zero or three nutrient channels (∅1mm), were suspended on their sides in custom culture racks and subjected to three media stirring modes for 56 days: uniaxial rocking, orbital shaking, or static control. 25458579 8 54 theme beneficial 1456:1465 arg1 marked 1497:1502 marked 1497:1502 marked 1497:1502 Nutrient channels increased EY as well as sGAG homogeneity, and the beneficial effects of channels were most marked in orbitally shaken samples. 25458579 8 54 theme beneficial 1456:1465 arg1 effects 1467:1473 the beneficial effects 1452:1473 the beneficial effects of channels 1452:1485 Nutrient channels increased EY as well as sGAG homogeneity, and the beneficial effects of channels were most marked in orbitally shaken samples. 25458579 7 55 contain had 1320:1322 arg2 effects 1336:1342 detrimental effects 1324:1342 detrimental effects 1324:1342 Orbital shaking led to the highest construct EY, sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG), and collagen contents, whereas rocking had detrimental effects on sGAG and collagen versus static control. 25458579 7 55 contain had 1320:1322 arg1 rocking 1312:1318 rocking 1312:1318 rocking 1312:1318 Orbital shaking led to the highest construct EY, sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG), and collagen contents, whereas rocking had detrimental effects on sGAG and collagen versus static control. 25458579 1 56 theme cartilage 128:136 arg1 engineering 145:155 cartilage tissue engineering 128:155 cartilage tissue engineering 128:155 A significant challenge in cartilage tissue engineering is to successfully culture functional tissues that are sufficiently large to treat osteoarthritic joints. 25458579 6 57 theme custom 1065:1070 arg1 racks 1080:1084 custom culture racks 1065:1084 custom culture racks 1065:1084 To this end, chondrocyte-seeded agarose constructs (∅10mm, 2.34mm thick), with zero or three nutrient channels (∅1mm), were suspended on their sides in custom culture racks and subjected to three media stirring modes for 56 days: uniaxial rocking, orbital shaking, or static control. 25458579 4 58 with constructs 735:744 arg1 properties 763:772 poor tissue properties 751:772 poor tissue properties 751:772 Cultivation of cylindrical channeled constructs flat in culture dishes, with or without orbital shaking, produced asymmetric constructs with poor tissue properties. 25458579 4 59 from dishes 674:679 arg1 flat 658:661 flat 658:661 flat 658:661 Cultivation of cylindrical channeled constructs flat in culture dishes, with or without orbital shaking, produced asymmetric constructs with poor tissue properties. 25458579 0 60 theme cartilage 79:87 arg1 constructs 89:98 large cartilage constructs 73:98 large cartilage constructs 73:98 Nutrient channels and stirring enhanced the composition and stiffness of large cartilage constructs. 25458579 10 61 with racks 1747:1751 arg1 shaking 1766:1772 orbital shaking 1758:1772 orbital shaking 1758:1772 These results suggest that the cultivation of channeled constructs in culture racks with orbital shaking is a promising method for engineering mechanically competent large cartilage constructs. 25458579 2 62 with constructs 355:364 arg1 centers 388:394 matrix-deficient centers 371:394 matrix-deficient centers 371:394 Transport limitations due to nutrient consumption by peripheral cells produce heterogeneous constructs with matrix-deficient centers. 25458579 3 63 theme channels 423:430 arg1 technique 469:477 a promising technique 457:477 a promising technique for alleviating transport limitations, in conjunction with simple yet effective methods for enhancing media flow through channels 457:607 Incorporation of nutrient channels into large constructs is a promising technique for alleviating transport limitations, in conjunction with simple yet effective methods for enhancing media flow through channels. 25458579 3 63 theme channels 423:430 arg1 Incorporation 397:409 Incorporation 397:409 Incorporation of nutrient channels into large constructs 397:452 Incorporation of nutrient channels into large constructs is a promising technique for alleviating transport limitations, in conjunction with simple yet effective methods for enhancing media flow through channels. 25458579 5 64 theme entire 823:828 arg1 surface 840:846 the entire construct surface 819:846 the entire construct surface 819:846 We therefore explored a method for exposing the entire construct surface to the culture media, while promoting flow through the channels. 25458579 4 65 from flat 658:661 arg1 dishes 674:679 culture dishes 666:679 culture dishes 666:679 Cultivation of cylindrical channeled constructs flat in culture dishes, with or without orbital shaking, produced asymmetric constructs with poor tissue properties. 25458579 6 66 with constructs 953:962 arg1 ∅1mm 1025:1028 ∅1mm 1025:1028 ∅1mm 1025:1028 To this end, chondrocyte-seeded agarose constructs (∅10mm, 2.34mm thick), with zero or three nutrient channels (∅1mm), were suspended on their sides in custom culture racks and subjected to three media stirring modes for 56 days: uniaxial rocking, orbital shaking, or static control. 25458579 6 66 with constructs 953:962 arg1 channels 1015:1022 zero or three nutrient channels 992:1022 zero or three nutrient channels (∅1mm) 992:1029 To this end, chondrocyte-seeded agarose constructs (∅10mm, 2.34mm thick), with zero or three nutrient channels (∅1mm), were suspended on their sides in custom culture racks and subjected to three media stirring modes for 56 days: uniaxial rocking, orbital shaking, or static control. 25458579 4 67 theme channeled 637:645 arg1 constructs 647:656 cylindrical channeled constructs 625:656 cylindrical channeled constructs 625:656 Cultivation of cylindrical channeled constructs flat in culture dishes, with or without orbital shaking, produced asymmetric constructs with poor tissue properties. 25458579 3 68 theme transport 495:503 arg1 limitations 505:515 transport limitations 495:515 transport limitations 495:515 Incorporation of nutrient channels into large constructs is a promising technique for alleviating transport limitations, in conjunction with simple yet effective methods for enhancing media flow through channels. 25458579 8 69 from marked 1497:1502 arg1 samples 1524:1530 orbitally shaken samples 1507:1530 orbitally shaken samples 1507:1530 Nutrient channels increased EY as well as sGAG homogeneity, and the beneficial effects of channels were most marked in orbitally shaken samples. 25458579 3 70 theme large 437:441 arg1 constructs 443:452 large constructs 437:452 large constructs 437:452 Incorporation of nutrient channels into large constructs is a promising technique for alleviating transport limitations, in conjunction with simple yet effective methods for enhancing media flow through channels. 25458579 4 71 theme flat 658:661 arg1 constructs 647:656 cylindrical channeled constructs 625:656 cylindrical channeled constructs 625:656 Cultivation of cylindrical channeled constructs flat in culture dishes, with or without orbital shaking, produced asymmetric constructs with poor tissue properties. 25458579 3 72 theme simple 538:543 arg1 methods 559:565 simple yet effective methods 538:565 simple yet effective methods for enhancing media flow through channels 538:607 Incorporation of nutrient channels into large constructs is a promising technique for alleviating transport limitations, in conjunction with simple yet effective methods for enhancing media flow through channels. 25458579 6 73 theme agarose 945:951 arg1 ∅10mm 965:969 ∅10mm 965:969 ∅10mm 965:969 To this end, chondrocyte-seeded agarose constructs (∅10mm, 2.34mm thick), with zero or three nutrient channels (∅1mm), were suspended on their sides in custom culture racks and subjected to three media stirring modes for 56 days: uniaxial rocking, orbital shaking, or static control. 25458579 6 73 theme agarose 945:951 arg1 constructs 953:962 chondrocyte-seeded agarose constructs 926:962 chondrocyte-seeded agarose constructs (∅10mm, 2.34mm thick) 926:984 To this end, chondrocyte-seeded agarose constructs (∅10mm, 2.34mm thick), with zero or three nutrient channels (∅1mm), were suspended on their sides in custom culture racks and subjected to three media stirring modes for 56 days: uniaxial rocking, orbital shaking, or static control. 25458579 10 74 theme large 1835:1839 arg1 constructs 1851:1860 mechanically competent large cartilage constructs 1812:1860 mechanically competent large cartilage constructs 1812:1860 These results suggest that the cultivation of channeled constructs in culture racks with orbital shaking is a promising method for engineering mechanically competent large cartilage constructs. 25458579 6 75 dep modes 1124:1128 arg1 control 1188:1194 static control 1181:1194 static control 1181:1194 To this end, chondrocyte-seeded agarose constructs (∅10mm, 2.34mm thick), with zero or three nutrient channels (∅1mm), were suspended on their sides in custom culture racks and subjected to three media stirring modes for 56 days: uniaxial rocking, orbital shaking, or static control. 25458579 6 75 dep modes 1124:1128 arg1 modes 1124:1128 modes 1124:1128 modes for 56 days: uniaxial rocking, orbital shaking, or static control 1124:1194 To this end, chondrocyte-seeded agarose constructs (∅10mm, 2.34mm thick), with zero or three nutrient channels (∅1mm), were suspended on their sides in custom culture racks and subjected to three media stirring modes for 56 days: uniaxial rocking, orbital shaking, or static control. 25458579 6 75 dep modes 1124:1128 arg1 rocking 1152:1158 uniaxial rocking 1143:1158 uniaxial rocking 1143:1158 To this end, chondrocyte-seeded agarose constructs (∅10mm, 2.34mm thick), with zero or three nutrient channels (∅1mm), were suspended on their sides in custom culture racks and subjected to three media stirring modes for 56 days: uniaxial rocking, orbital shaking, or static control. 25458579 6 75 dep modes 1124:1128 arg1 shaking 1169:1175 orbital shaking 1161:1175 orbital shaking 1161:1175 To this end, chondrocyte-seeded agarose constructs (∅10mm, 2.34mm thick), with zero or three nutrient channels (∅1mm), were suspended on their sides in custom culture racks and subjected to three media stirring modes for 56 days: uniaxial rocking, orbital shaking, or static control. 25458579 8 76 from samples 1524:1530 arg1 marked 1497:1502 marked 1497:1502 marked 1497:1502 Nutrient channels increased EY as well as sGAG homogeneity, and the beneficial effects of channels were most marked in orbitally shaken samples. 25458579 8 76 from samples 1524:1530 arg1 effects 1467:1473 the beneficial effects 1452:1473 the beneficial effects of channels 1452:1485 Nutrient channels increased EY as well as sGAG homogeneity, and the beneficial effects of channels were most marked in orbitally shaken samples. 25458579 3 77 theme promising 459:467 arg1 technique 469:477 a promising technique 457:477 a promising technique for alleviating transport limitations, in conjunction with simple yet effective methods for enhancing media flow through channels 457:607 Incorporation of nutrient channels into large constructs is a promising technique for alleviating transport limitations, in conjunction with simple yet effective methods for enhancing media flow through channels. 25458579 3 77 theme promising 459:467 arg1 Incorporation 397:409 Incorporation 397:409 Incorporation of nutrient channels into large constructs 397:452 Incorporation of nutrient channels into large constructs is a promising technique for alleviating transport limitations, in conjunction with simple yet effective methods for enhancing media flow through channels. 25458579 6 78 theme uniaxial 1143:1150 arg1 modes 1124:1128 modes 1124:1128 modes for 56 days: uniaxial rocking, orbital shaking, or static control 1124:1194 To this end, chondrocyte-seeded agarose constructs (∅10mm, 2.34mm thick), with zero or three nutrient channels (∅1mm), were suspended on their sides in custom culture racks and subjected to three media stirring modes for 56 days: uniaxial rocking, orbital shaking, or static control. 25458579 6 78 theme uniaxial 1143:1150 arg1 rocking 1152:1158 uniaxial rocking 1143:1158 uniaxial rocking 1143:1158 To this end, chondrocyte-seeded agarose constructs (∅10mm, 2.34mm thick), with zero or three nutrient channels (∅1mm), were suspended on their sides in custom culture racks and subjected to three media stirring modes for 56 days: uniaxial rocking, orbital shaking, or static control. 25458579 6 79 dep ∅10mm 965:969 arg1 thick 979:983 thick 979:983 thick 979:983 To this end, chondrocyte-seeded agarose constructs (∅10mm, 2.34mm thick), with zero or three nutrient channels (∅1mm), were suspended on their sides in custom culture racks and subjected to three media stirring modes for 56 days: uniaxial rocking, orbital shaking, or static control. 25458579 3 80 theme effective 549:557 arg1 methods 559:565 simple yet effective methods 538:565 simple yet effective methods for enhancing media flow through channels 538:607 Incorporation of nutrient channels into large constructs is a promising technique for alleviating transport limitations, in conjunction with simple yet effective methods for enhancing media flow through channels. 25458579 1 81 theme osteoarthritic 240:253 arg1 joints 255:260 osteoarthritic joints 240:260 osteoarthritic joints 240:260 A significant challenge in cartilage tissue engineering is to successfully culture functional tissues that are sufficiently large to treat osteoarthritic joints. 25458579 9 82 theme EY 1637:1638 arg1 levels 1627:1632 native levels 1620:1632 native levels of EY (~400kPa) and sGAG (~9%/ww) 1620:1666 Under these conditions, the constructs developed symmetrically and reached or exceeded native levels of EY (~400kPa) and sGAG (~9%/ww). 25458579 4 83 theme orbital 698:704 arg1 shaking 706:712 orbital shaking 698:712 orbital shaking 698:712 Cultivation of cylindrical channeled constructs flat in culture dishes, with or without orbital shaking, produced asymmetric constructs with poor tissue properties. 25458579 8 84 theme sGAG 1430:1433 arg1 homogeneity 1435:1445 sGAG homogeneity 1430:1445 EY as well as sGAG homogeneity 1416:1445 Nutrient channels increased EY as well as sGAG homogeneity, and the beneficial effects of channels were most marked in orbitally shaken samples. 25458579 7 85 theme Orbital 1197:1203 arg1 shaking 1205:1211 Orbital shaking 1197:1211 Orbital shaking 1197:1211 Orbital shaking led to the highest construct EY, sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG), and collagen contents, whereas rocking had detrimental effects on sGAG and collagen versus static control. 26876673 7 0 theme CNF 1341:1343 arg1 dispersion 1345:1354 the CNF dispersion 1337:1354 the CNF dispersion 1337:1354 In addition, the morphology and quality of the composite nanofibers can be controlled by the conductivity (ionic strength) of the CNF dispersion. 26876673 6 1 with consistent 1135:1144 arg1 area 1172:1175 the high interfacial area 1151:1175 the high interfacial area of the precursor double emulsion 1151:1208 The morphology and thermal properties of the resultant nanofibers revealed that CNFs were efficiently integrated in the hydrophobic matrix which was consistent with the high interfacial area of the precursor double emulsion. 26876673 7 2 theme nanofibers 1268:1277 arg1 morphology 1228:1237 morphology 1228:1237 morphology 1228:1237 In addition, the morphology and quality of the composite nanofibers can be controlled by the conductivity (ionic strength) of the CNF dispersion. 26876673 7 2 theme nanofibers 1268:1277 arg1 quality 1243:1249 quality 1243:1249 quality 1243:1249 In addition, the morphology and quality of the composite nanofibers can be controlled by the conductivity (ionic strength) of the CNF dispersion. 26876673 1 3 theme non-polar 245:253 arg1 matrix 263:268 a non-polar polymer matrix 243:268 a non-polar polymer matrix 243:268 A route for the compatibilization of aqueous dispersions of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) with a non-polar polymer matrix is proposed to overcome a major challenge in CNF-based material synthesis. 26876673 3 4 dep the 581:583 arg1 compromise 585:594 compromise 585:594 compromise 585:594 Stable water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsions were produced as a result of the compromise between composition and formulation variables. 26876673 4 5 theme CNF 683:685 arg1 integration 687:697 CNF integration 683:697 CNF integration with hydrophobic polymers 683:723 Most remarkably, the proposed route for CNF integration with hydrophobic polymers removed the need for drying or solvent-exchange of the CNF aqueous dispersion prior to processing. 26876673 1 6 theme polymer 255:261 arg1 matrix 263:268 a non-polar polymer matrix 243:268 a non-polar polymer matrix 243:268 A route for the compatibilization of aqueous dispersions of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) with a non-polar polymer matrix is proposed to overcome a major challenge in CNF-based material synthesis. 26876673 8 7 theme efficient 1415:1423 arg1 possibility 1513:1523 the possibility 1509:1523 the possibility for the redispersion of CNFs after removal of the organic phase 1509:1587 Overall, double emulsion systems are proposed as a novel, efficient and scalable platform for CNF co-processing with non-polar systems and they open up the possibility for the redispersion of CNFs after removal of the organic phase. 26876673 8 7 theme efficient 1415:1423 arg1 platform 1438:1445 a novel, efficient and scalable platform 1406:1445 a novel, efficient and scalable platform for CNF co-processing with non-polar systems 1406:1490 Overall, double emulsion systems are proposed as a novel, efficient and scalable platform for CNF co-processing with non-polar systems and they open up the possibility for the redispersion of CNFs after removal of the organic phase. 26876673 8 7 theme efficient 1415:1423 arg1 systems 1382:1388 double emulsion systems 1366:1388 double emulsion systems 1366:1388 Overall, double emulsion systems are proposed as a novel, efficient and scalable platform for CNF co-processing with non-polar systems and they open up the possibility for the redispersion of CNFs after removal of the organic phase. 26876673 8 8 theme organic 1575:1581 arg1 phase 1583:1587 the organic phase 1571:1587 the organic phase 1571:1587 Overall, double emulsion systems are proposed as a novel, efficient and scalable platform for CNF co-processing with non-polar systems and they open up the possibility for the redispersion of CNFs after removal of the organic phase. 26876673 6 9 theme double 1194:1199 arg1 emulsion 1201:1208 the precursor double emulsion 1180:1208 the precursor double emulsion 1180:1208 The morphology and thermal properties of the resultant nanofibers revealed that CNFs were efficiently integrated in the hydrophobic matrix which was consistent with the high interfacial area of the precursor double emulsion. 26876673 4 10 with integration 687:697 arg1 polymers 716:723 hydrophobic polymers 704:723 hydrophobic polymers 704:723 Most remarkably, the proposed route for CNF integration with hydrophobic polymers removed the need for drying or solvent-exchange of the CNF aqueous dispersion prior to processing. 26876673 1 11 from challenge 302:310 arg1 synthesis 334:342 CNF-based material synthesis 315:342 CNF-based material synthesis 315:342 A route for the compatibilization of aqueous dispersions of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) with a non-polar polymer matrix is proposed to overcome a major challenge in CNF-based material synthesis. 26876673 2 12 used used 372:375 arg2 surfactants 355:365 Non-ionic surfactants 345:365 Non-ionic surfactants 345:365 Non-ionic surfactants were used in CNF aqueous dispersions equilibrated with an organic phase (for demonstration, a polystyrene solution, PS, was used). 26876673 3 13 theme double 535:540 arg1 result 571:576 a result 569:576 a result of the compromise between composition and formulation variables 569:640 Stable water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsions were produced as a result of the compromise between composition and formulation variables. 26876673 3 13 theme double 535:540 arg1 emulsions 542:550 Stable water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsions 498:550 Stable water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsions 498:550 Stable water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsions were produced as a result of the compromise between composition and formulation variables. 26876673 6 14 theme thermal 1005:1011 arg1 properties 1013:1022 thermal properties 1005:1022 thermal properties 1005:1022 The morphology and thermal properties of the resultant nanofibers revealed that CNFs were efficiently integrated in the hydrophobic matrix which was consistent with the high interfacial area of the precursor double emulsion. 26876673 4 15 theme hydrophobic 704:714 arg1 polymers 716:723 hydrophobic polymers 704:723 hydrophobic polymers 704:723 Most remarkably, the proposed route for CNF integration with hydrophobic polymers removed the need for drying or solvent-exchange of the CNF aqueous dispersion prior to processing. 26876673 2 16 theme organic 425:431 arg1 phase 433:437 an organic phase 422:437 an organic phase (for demonstration, a polystyrene solution, PS, was used) 422:495 Non-ionic surfactants were used in CNF aqueous dispersions equilibrated with an organic phase (for demonstration, a polystyrene solution, PS, was used). 26876673 8 17 theme emulsion 1373:1380 arg1 possibility 1513:1523 the possibility 1509:1523 the possibility for the redispersion of CNFs after removal of the organic phase 1509:1587 Overall, double emulsion systems are proposed as a novel, efficient and scalable platform for CNF co-processing with non-polar systems and they open up the possibility for the redispersion of CNFs after removal of the organic phase. 26876673 8 17 theme emulsion 1373:1380 arg1 platform 1438:1445 a novel, efficient and scalable platform 1406:1445 a novel, efficient and scalable platform for CNF co-processing with non-polar systems 1406:1490 Overall, double emulsion systems are proposed as a novel, efficient and scalable platform for CNF co-processing with non-polar systems and they open up the possibility for the redispersion of CNFs after removal of the organic phase. 26876673 8 17 theme emulsion 1373:1380 arg1 systems 1382:1388 double emulsion systems 1366:1388 double emulsion systems 1366:1388 Overall, double emulsion systems are proposed as a novel, efficient and scalable platform for CNF co-processing with non-polar systems and they open up the possibility for the redispersion of CNFs after removal of the organic phase. 26876673 2 18 theme aqueous 384:390 arg1 dispersions 392:402 CNF aqueous dispersions 380:402 CNF aqueous dispersions equilibrated with an organic phase (for demonstration, a polystyrene solution, PS, was used) 380:495 Non-ionic surfactants were used in CNF aqueous dispersions equilibrated with an organic phase (for demonstration, a polystyrene solution, PS, was used). 26876673 5 19 theme double 856:861 arg1 emulsions 863:871 the double emulsions 852:871 the double emulsions 852:871 The rheological behavior of the double emulsions showed strong shear thinning behavior and facilitated CNF-PS co-mixing in solid nanofibers upon electrospinning. 26876673 8 20 theme CNFs 1549:1552 arg1 redispersion 1533:1544 the redispersion 1529:1544 the redispersion of CNFs after removal of the organic phase 1529:1587 Overall, double emulsion systems are proposed as a novel, efficient and scalable platform for CNF co-processing with non-polar systems and they open up the possibility for the redispersion of CNFs after removal of the organic phase. 26876673 5 21 from co-mixing 934:942 arg1 nanofibers 953:962 solid nanofibers 947:962 solid nanofibers 947:962 The rheological behavior of the double emulsions showed strong shear thinning behavior and facilitated CNF-PS co-mixing in solid nanofibers upon electrospinning. 26876673 6 22 theme emulsion 1201:1208 arg1 area 1172:1175 the high interfacial area 1151:1175 the high interfacial area of the precursor double emulsion 1151:1208 The morphology and thermal properties of the resultant nanofibers revealed that CNFs were efficiently integrated in the hydrophobic matrix which was consistent with the high interfacial area of the precursor double emulsion. 26876673 5 23 theme emulsions 863:871 arg1 behavior 840:847 The rheological behavior 824:847 The rheological behavior of the double emulsions 824:871 The rheological behavior of the double emulsions showed strong shear thinning behavior and facilitated CNF-PS co-mixing in solid nanofibers upon electrospinning. 26876673 0 24 from compatibilization 25:41 arg1 synthesis 118:126 the synthesis 114:126 the synthesis of composite fibers 114:146 Double emulsions for the compatibilization of hydrophilic nanocellulose with non-polar polymers and validation in the synthesis of composite fibers. 26876673 7 25 theme ionic 1318:1322 arg1 conductivity 1304:1315 the conductivity 1300:1315 the conductivity (ionic strength) of the CNF dispersion 1300:1354 In addition, the morphology and quality of the composite nanofibers can be controlled by the conductivity (ionic strength) of the CNF dispersion. 26876673 7 25 theme ionic 1318:1322 arg1 strength 1324:1331 ionic strength 1318:1331 ionic strength 1318:1331 In addition, the morphology and quality of the composite nanofibers can be controlled by the conductivity (ionic strength) of the CNF dispersion. 26876673 5 26 theme solid 947:951 arg1 nanofibers 953:962 solid nanofibers 947:962 solid nanofibers 947:962 The rheological behavior of the double emulsions showed strong shear thinning behavior and facilitated CNF-PS co-mixing in solid nanofibers upon electrospinning. 26876673 1 27 theme aqueous 186:192 arg1 dispersions 194:204 aqueous dispersions 186:204 aqueous dispersions of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) with a non-polar polymer matrix 186:268 A route for the compatibilization of aqueous dispersions of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) with a non-polar polymer matrix is proposed to overcome a major challenge in CNF-based material synthesis. 26876673 0 28 theme Double 0:5 arg1 emulsions 7:15 Double emulsions 0:15 Double emulsions for the compatibilization of hydrophilic nanocellulose with non-polar polymers and validation in the synthesis of composite fibers. 0:147 Double emulsions for the compatibilization of hydrophilic nanocellulose with non-polar polymers and validation in the synthesis of composite fibers. 26876673 6 29 dep morphology 990:999 arg1 The 986:988 The 986:988 The 986:988 The morphology and thermal properties of the resultant nanofibers revealed that CNFs were efficiently integrated in the hydrophobic matrix which was consistent with the high interfacial area of the precursor double emulsion. 26876673 6 30 theme precursor 1184:1192 arg1 emulsion 1201:1208 the precursor double emulsion 1180:1208 the precursor double emulsion 1180:1208 The morphology and thermal properties of the resultant nanofibers revealed that CNFs were efficiently integrated in the hydrophobic matrix which was consistent with the high interfacial area of the precursor double emulsion. 26876673 1 31 theme dispersions 194:204 arg1 compatibilization 165:181 the compatibilization 161:181 the compatibilization of aqueous dispersions of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) with a non-polar polymer matrix 161:268 A route for the compatibilization of aqueous dispersions of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) with a non-polar polymer matrix is proposed to overcome a major challenge in CNF-based material synthesis. 26876673 0 32 theme composite 131:139 arg1 fibers 141:146 composite fibers 131:146 composite fibers 131:146 Double emulsions for the compatibilization of hydrophilic nanocellulose with non-polar polymers and validation in the synthesis of composite fibers. 26876673 5 33 theme rheological 828:838 arg1 behavior 840:847 The rheological behavior 824:847 The rheological behavior of the double emulsions 824:871 The rheological behavior of the double emulsions showed strong shear thinning behavior and facilitated CNF-PS co-mixing in solid nanofibers upon electrospinning. 26876673 8 34 theme non-polar 1474:1482 arg1 systems 1484:1490 non-polar systems 1474:1490 non-polar systems 1474:1490 Overall, double emulsion systems are proposed as a novel, efficient and scalable platform for CNF co-processing with non-polar systems and they open up the possibility for the redispersion of CNFs after removal of the organic phase. 26876673 8 35 theme co-processing 1455:1467 arg1 CNF 1451:1453 CNF co-processing 1451:1467 CNF co-processing with non-polar systems 1451:1490 Overall, double emulsion systems are proposed as a novel, efficient and scalable platform for CNF co-processing with non-polar systems and they open up the possibility for the redispersion of CNFs after removal of the organic phase. 26876673 1 36 theme cellulose 209:217 arg1 CNFs 232:235 CNFs 232:235 CNFs 232:235 A route for the compatibilization of aqueous dispersions of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) with a non-polar polymer matrix is proposed to overcome a major challenge in CNF-based material synthesis. 26876673 1 36 theme cellulose 209:217 arg1 nanofibrils 219:229 cellulose nanofibrils 209:229 cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) with a non-polar polymer matrix 209:268 A route for the compatibilization of aqueous dispersions of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) with a non-polar polymer matrix is proposed to overcome a major challenge in CNF-based material synthesis. 26876673 4 37 theme proposed 664:671 arg1 route 673:677 the proposed route 660:677 the proposed route for CNF integration with hydrophobic polymers 660:723 Most remarkably, the proposed route for CNF integration with hydrophobic polymers removed the need for drying or solvent-exchange of the CNF aqueous dispersion prior to processing. 26876673 8 38 with CNF 1451:1453 arg1 systems 1484:1490 non-polar systems 1474:1490 non-polar systems 1474:1490 Overall, double emulsion systems are proposed as a novel, efficient and scalable platform for CNF co-processing with non-polar systems and they open up the possibility for the redispersion of CNFs after removal of the organic phase. 26876673 6 39 theme interfacial 1160:1170 arg1 area 1172:1175 the high interfacial area 1151:1175 the high interfacial area of the precursor double emulsion 1151:1208 The morphology and thermal properties of the resultant nanofibers revealed that CNFs were efficiently integrated in the hydrophobic matrix which was consistent with the high interfacial area of the precursor double emulsion. 26876673 8 40 theme novel 1408:1412 arg1 possibility 1513:1523 the possibility 1509:1523 the possibility for the redispersion of CNFs after removal of the organic phase 1509:1587 Overall, double emulsion systems are proposed as a novel, efficient and scalable platform for CNF co-processing with non-polar systems and they open up the possibility for the redispersion of CNFs after removal of the organic phase. 26876673 8 40 theme novel 1408:1412 arg1 platform 1438:1445 a novel, efficient and scalable platform 1406:1445 a novel, efficient and scalable platform for CNF co-processing with non-polar systems 1406:1490 Overall, double emulsion systems are proposed as a novel, efficient and scalable platform for CNF co-processing with non-polar systems and they open up the possibility for the redispersion of CNFs after removal of the organic phase. 26876673 8 40 theme novel 1408:1412 arg1 systems 1382:1388 double emulsion systems 1366:1388 double emulsion systems 1366:1388 Overall, double emulsion systems are proposed as a novel, efficient and scalable platform for CNF co-processing with non-polar systems and they open up the possibility for the redispersion of CNFs after removal of the organic phase. 26876673 2 41 theme CNF 380:382 arg1 dispersions 392:402 CNF aqueous dispersions 380:402 CNF aqueous dispersions equilibrated with an organic phase (for demonstration, a polystyrene solution, PS, was used) 380:495 Non-ionic surfactants were used in CNF aqueous dispersions equilibrated with an organic phase (for demonstration, a polystyrene solution, PS, was used). 26876673 1 42 theme nanofibrils 219:229 arg1 dispersions 194:204 aqueous dispersions 186:204 aqueous dispersions of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) with a non-polar polymer matrix 186:268 A route for the compatibilization of aqueous dispersions of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) with a non-polar polymer matrix is proposed to overcome a major challenge in CNF-based material synthesis. 26876673 7 43 theme dispersion 1345:1354 arg1 conductivity 1304:1315 the conductivity 1300:1315 the conductivity (ionic strength) of the CNF dispersion 1300:1354 In addition, the morphology and quality of the composite nanofibers can be controlled by the conductivity (ionic strength) of the CNF dispersion. 26876673 7 43 theme dispersion 1345:1354 arg1 strength 1324:1331 ionic strength 1318:1331 ionic strength 1318:1331 In addition, the morphology and quality of the composite nanofibers can be controlled by the conductivity (ionic strength) of the CNF dispersion. 26876673 1 44 theme major 296:300 arg1 challenge 302:310 a major challenge 294:310 a major challenge in CNF-based material synthesis 294:342 A route for the compatibilization of aqueous dispersions of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) with a non-polar polymer matrix is proposed to overcome a major challenge in CNF-based material synthesis. 26876673 0 45 theme fibers 141:146 arg1 synthesis 118:126 the synthesis 114:126 the synthesis of composite fibers 114:146 Double emulsions for the compatibilization of hydrophilic nanocellulose with non-polar polymers and validation in the synthesis of composite fibers. 26876673 3 46 theme formulation 620:630 arg1 variables 632:640 formulation variables 620:640 formulation variables 620:640 Stable water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsions were produced as a result of the compromise between composition and formulation variables. 26876673 3 47 theme the 581:583 arg1 result 571:576 a result 569:576 a result of the compromise between composition and formulation variables 569:640 Stable water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsions were produced as a result of the compromise between composition and formulation variables. 26876673 3 47 theme the 581:583 arg1 emulsions 542:550 Stable water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsions 498:550 Stable water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsions 498:550 Stable water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsions were produced as a result of the compromise between composition and formulation variables. 26876673 0 48 theme nanocellulose 58:70 arg1 compatibilization 25:41 the compatibilization 21:41 the compatibilization of hydrophilic nanocellulose with non-polar polymers and validation in the synthesis of composite fibers 21:146 Double emulsions for the compatibilization of hydrophilic nanocellulose with non-polar polymers and validation in the synthesis of composite fibers. 26876673 5 49 theme shear 887:891 arg1 behavior 902:909 strong shear thinning behavior 880:909 strong shear thinning behavior 880:909 The rheological behavior of the double emulsions showed strong shear thinning behavior and facilitated CNF-PS co-mixing in solid nanofibers upon electrospinning. 26876673 7 50 theme composite 1258:1266 arg1 nanofibers 1268:1277 the composite nanofibers 1254:1277 the composite nanofibers 1254:1277 In addition, the morphology and quality of the composite nanofibers can be controlled by the conductivity (ionic strength) of the CNF dispersion. 26876673 2 51 dep phase 433:437 arg1 used 491:494 used 491:494 was used 487:494 Non-ionic surfactants were used in CNF aqueous dispersions equilibrated with an organic phase (for demonstration, a polystyrene solution, PS, was used). 26876673 2 52 theme Non-ionic 345:353 arg1 surfactants 355:365 Non-ionic surfactants 345:365 Non-ionic surfactants 345:365 Non-ionic surfactants were used in CNF aqueous dispersions equilibrated with an organic phase (for demonstration, a polystyrene solution, PS, was used). 26876673 0 53 theme hydrophilic 46:56 arg1 nanocellulose 58:70 hydrophilic nanocellulose 46:70 hydrophilic nanocellulose with non-polar polymers and validation 46:109 Double emulsions for the compatibilization of hydrophilic nanocellulose with non-polar polymers and validation in the synthesis of composite fibers. 26876673 1 54 with nanofibrils 219:229 arg1 matrix 263:268 a non-polar polymer matrix 243:268 a non-polar polymer matrix 243:268 A route for the compatibilization of aqueous dispersions of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) with a non-polar polymer matrix is proposed to overcome a major challenge in CNF-based material synthesis. 26876673 8 55 theme phase 1583:1587 arg1 removal 1560:1566 removal 1560:1566 removal of the organic phase 1560:1587 Overall, double emulsion systems are proposed as a novel, efficient and scalable platform for CNF co-processing with non-polar systems and they open up the possibility for the redispersion of CNFs after removal of the organic phase. 26876673 5 56 theme CNF-PS 927:932 arg1 co-mixing 934:942 CNF-PS co-mixing 927:942 CNF-PS co-mixing in solid nanofibers upon electrospinning 927:983 The rheological behavior of the double emulsions showed strong shear thinning behavior and facilitated CNF-PS co-mixing in solid nanofibers upon electrospinning. 26876673 1 57 theme CNF-based 315:323 arg1 synthesis 334:342 CNF-based material synthesis 315:342 CNF-based material synthesis 315:342 A route for the compatibilization of aqueous dispersions of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) with a non-polar polymer matrix is proposed to overcome a major challenge in CNF-based material synthesis. 26876673 7 58 dep morphology 1228:1237 arg1 the 1224:1226 the 1224:1226 the 1224:1226 In addition, the morphology and quality of the composite nanofibers can be controlled by the conductivity (ionic strength) of the CNF dispersion. 26876673 8 59 theme scalable 1429:1436 arg1 possibility 1513:1523 the possibility 1509:1523 the possibility for the redispersion of CNFs after removal of the organic phase 1509:1587 Overall, double emulsion systems are proposed as a novel, efficient and scalable platform for CNF co-processing with non-polar systems and they open up the possibility for the redispersion of CNFs after removal of the organic phase. 26876673 8 59 theme scalable 1429:1436 arg1 platform 1438:1445 a novel, efficient and scalable platform 1406:1445 a novel, efficient and scalable platform for CNF co-processing with non-polar systems 1406:1490 Overall, double emulsion systems are proposed as a novel, efficient and scalable platform for CNF co-processing with non-polar systems and they open up the possibility for the redispersion of CNFs after removal of the organic phase. 26876673 8 59 theme scalable 1429:1436 arg1 systems 1382:1388 double emulsion systems 1366:1388 double emulsion systems 1366:1388 Overall, double emulsion systems are proposed as a novel, efficient and scalable platform for CNF co-processing with non-polar systems and they open up the possibility for the redispersion of CNFs after removal of the organic phase. 26876673 4 60 theme aqueous 784:790 arg1 dispersion 792:801 the CNF aqueous dispersion 776:801 the CNF aqueous dispersion 776:801 Most remarkably, the proposed route for CNF integration with hydrophobic polymers removed the need for drying or solvent-exchange of the CNF aqueous dispersion prior to processing. 26876673 6 61 theme high 1155:1158 arg1 area 1172:1175 the high interfacial area 1151:1175 the high interfacial area of the precursor double emulsion 1151:1208 The morphology and thermal properties of the resultant nanofibers revealed that CNFs were efficiently integrated in the hydrophobic matrix which was consistent with the high interfacial area of the precursor double emulsion. 26876673 5 62 theme strong 880:885 arg1 behavior 902:909 strong shear thinning behavior 880:909 strong shear thinning behavior 880:909 The rheological behavior of the double emulsions showed strong shear thinning behavior and facilitated CNF-PS co-mixing in solid nanofibers upon electrospinning. 26876673 8 63 theme double 1366:1371 arg1 possibility 1513:1523 the possibility 1509:1523 the possibility for the redispersion of CNFs after removal of the organic phase 1509:1587 Overall, double emulsion systems are proposed as a novel, efficient and scalable platform for CNF co-processing with non-polar systems and they open up the possibility for the redispersion of CNFs after removal of the organic phase. 26876673 8 63 theme double 1366:1371 arg1 platform 1438:1445 a novel, efficient and scalable platform 1406:1445 a novel, efficient and scalable platform for CNF co-processing with non-polar systems 1406:1490 Overall, double emulsion systems are proposed as a novel, efficient and scalable platform for CNF co-processing with non-polar systems and they open up the possibility for the redispersion of CNFs after removal of the organic phase. 26876673 8 63 theme double 1366:1371 arg1 systems 1382:1388 double emulsion systems 1366:1388 double emulsion systems 1366:1388 Overall, double emulsion systems are proposed as a novel, efficient and scalable platform for CNF co-processing with non-polar systems and they open up the possibility for the redispersion of CNFs after removal of the organic phase. 26876673 4 64 theme CNF 780:782 arg1 dispersion 792:801 the CNF aqueous dispersion 776:801 the CNF aqueous dispersion 776:801 Most remarkably, the proposed route for CNF integration with hydrophobic polymers removed the need for drying or solvent-exchange of the CNF aqueous dispersion prior to processing. 26876673 0 65 with nanocellulose 58:70 arg1 polymers 87:94 non-polar polymers 77:94 non-polar polymers 77:94 Double emulsions for the compatibilization of hydrophilic nanocellulose with non-polar polymers and validation in the synthesis of composite fibers. 26876673 0 65 with nanocellulose 58:70 arg1 validation 100:109 validation 100:109 validation 100:109 Double emulsions for the compatibilization of hydrophilic nanocellulose with non-polar polymers and validation in the synthesis of composite fibers. 26876673 5 66 theme thinning 893:900 arg1 behavior 902:909 strong shear thinning behavior 880:909 strong shear thinning behavior 880:909 The rheological behavior of the double emulsions showed strong shear thinning behavior and facilitated CNF-PS co-mixing in solid nanofibers upon electrospinning. 26876673 0 67 theme non-polar 77:85 arg1 polymers 87:94 non-polar polymers 77:94 non-polar polymers 77:94 Double emulsions for the compatibilization of hydrophilic nanocellulose with non-polar polymers and validation in the synthesis of composite fibers. 26876673 2 68 used used 491:494 arg2 PS 483:484 PS 483:484 PS 483:484 Non-ionic surfactants were used in CNF aqueous dispersions equilibrated with an organic phase (for demonstration, a polystyrene solution, PS, was used). 26876673 2 68 used used 491:494 arg2 solution 473:480 a polystyrene solution 459:480 a polystyrene solution 459:480 Non-ionic surfactants were used in CNF aqueous dispersions equilibrated with an organic phase (for demonstration, a polystyrene solution, PS, was used). 26876673 3 69 theme Stable 498:503 arg1 W/O/W 528:532 W/O/W 528:532 W/O/W 528:532 Stable water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsions were produced as a result of the compromise between composition and formulation variables. 26876673 3 69 theme Stable 498:503 arg1 water-in-oil-in-water 505:525 Stable water-in-oil-in-water 498:525 Stable water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsions 498:550 Stable water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsions were produced as a result of the compromise between composition and formulation variables. 26876673 6 70 theme hydrophobic 1106:1116 arg1 consistent 1135:1144 consistent 1135:1144 consistent 1135:1144 The morphology and thermal properties of the resultant nanofibers revealed that CNFs were efficiently integrated in the hydrophobic matrix which was consistent with the high interfacial area of the precursor double emulsion. 26876673 6 70 theme hydrophobic 1106:1116 arg1 matrix 1118:1123 the hydrophobic matrix 1102:1123 the hydrophobic matrix which was consistent with the high interfacial area of the precursor double emulsion 1102:1208 The morphology and thermal properties of the resultant nanofibers revealed that CNFs were efficiently integrated in the hydrophobic matrix which was consistent with the high interfacial area of the precursor double emulsion. 26876673 6 71 theme nanofibers 1041:1050 arg1 morphology 990:999 morphology 990:999 morphology 990:999 The morphology and thermal properties of the resultant nanofibers revealed that CNFs were efficiently integrated in the hydrophobic matrix which was consistent with the high interfacial area of the precursor double emulsion. 26876673 6 71 theme nanofibers 1041:1050 arg1 properties 1013:1022 thermal properties 1005:1022 thermal properties 1005:1022 The morphology and thermal properties of the resultant nanofibers revealed that CNFs were efficiently integrated in the hydrophobic matrix which was consistent with the high interfacial area of the precursor double emulsion. 26876673 2 72 theme polystyrene 461:471 arg1 PS 483:484 PS 483:484 PS 483:484 Non-ionic surfactants were used in CNF aqueous dispersions equilibrated with an organic phase (for demonstration, a polystyrene solution, PS, was used). 26876673 2 72 theme polystyrene 461:471 arg1 solution 473:480 a polystyrene solution 459:480 a polystyrene solution 459:480 Non-ionic surfactants were used in CNF aqueous dispersions equilibrated with an organic phase (for demonstration, a polystyrene solution, PS, was used). 26876673 1 73 theme material 325:332 arg1 synthesis 334:342 CNF-based material synthesis 315:342 CNF-based material synthesis 315:342 A route for the compatibilization of aqueous dispersions of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) with a non-polar polymer matrix is proposed to overcome a major challenge in CNF-based material synthesis. 26876673 4 74 theme dispersion 792:801 arg1 solvent-exchange 756:771 solvent-exchange 756:771 solvent-exchange 756:771 Most remarkably, the proposed route for CNF integration with hydrophobic polymers removed the need for drying or solvent-exchange of the CNF aqueous dispersion prior to processing. 26876673 4 74 theme dispersion 792:801 arg1 drying 746:751 drying 746:751 drying 746:751 Most remarkably, the proposed route for CNF integration with hydrophobic polymers removed the need for drying or solvent-exchange of the CNF aqueous dispersion prior to processing. 26876673 3 75 theme water-in-oil-in-water 505:525 arg1 result 571:576 a result 569:576 a result of the compromise between composition and formulation variables 569:640 Stable water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsions were produced as a result of the compromise between composition and formulation variables. 26876673 3 75 theme water-in-oil-in-water 505:525 arg1 emulsions 542:550 Stable water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsions 498:550 Stable water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsions 498:550 Stable water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsions were produced as a result of the compromise between composition and formulation variables. 26876673 6 76 theme resultant 1031:1039 arg1 nanofibers 1041:1050 the resultant nanofibers 1027:1050 the resultant nanofibers 1027:1050 The morphology and thermal properties of the resultant nanofibers revealed that CNFs were efficiently integrated in the hydrophobic matrix which was consistent with the high interfacial area of the precursor double emulsion. 26691386 8 0 theme CHX-treated 1109:1119 arg1 biofilms 1121:1128 Bd- and CHX-treated biofilms 1101:1128 Bd- and CHX-treated biofilms 1101:1128 Compared with the control, IEPS from Bd- and CHX-treated biofilms were structurally different and had distinct chemical profiles. 26691386 7 1 theme PCA 955:957 arg1 analysis 959:966 PCA analysis 955:966 PCA analysis 955:966 PCA analysis indicated that IEPS from VC- and NaCl-treated biofilms were structurally similar to each other. 26691386 2 2 from exopolysaccharides 322:339 arg1 Streptococcus 351:363 Streptococcus 351:363 Streptococcus 351:363 The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a B. dracunculifolia-based mouthrinse (Bd) changes the structure of insoluble exopolysaccharides (IEPS) in Streptococcus mutans UA159 cariogenic biofilm. 26691386 4 3 theme only 555:558 arg1 CHX 560:562 only CHX 555:562 only CHX 555:562 Among the treatments, only CHX significantly reduced the biofilm biomass and bacterial viability (p<0.05). 26691386 2 4 from Streptococcus 351:363 arg1 structure 299:307 the structure 295:307 the structure of insoluble exopolysaccharides (IEPS) in Streptococcus mutans UA159 cariogenic biofilm 295:395 The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a B. dracunculifolia-based mouthrinse (Bd) changes the structure of insoluble exopolysaccharides (IEPS) in Streptococcus mutans UA159 cariogenic biofilm. 26691386 2 5 theme cariogenic 378:387 arg1 biofilm 389:395 UA159 cariogenic biofilm 372:395 Streptococcus mutans UA159 cariogenic biofilm 351:395 The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a B. dracunculifolia-based mouthrinse (Bd) changes the structure of insoluble exopolysaccharides (IEPS) in Streptococcus mutans UA159 cariogenic biofilm. 26691386 3 6 theme glass 421:425 arg1 slides 427:432 glass slides 421:432 glass slides 421:432 Biofilms were grown on glass slides and treated with Bd, its vehicle (VC), chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), or saline solution (NaCl). 26691386 2 7 theme insoluble 312:320 arg1 IEPS 342:345 IEPS 342:345 IEPS 342:345 The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a B. dracunculifolia-based mouthrinse (Bd) changes the structure of insoluble exopolysaccharides (IEPS) in Streptococcus mutans UA159 cariogenic biofilm. 26691386 2 7 theme insoluble 312:320 arg1 exopolysaccharides 322:339 insoluble exopolysaccharides 312:339 insoluble exopolysaccharides (IEPS) in Streptococcus mutans UA159 cariogenic biofilm 312:395 The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a B. dracunculifolia-based mouthrinse (Bd) changes the structure of insoluble exopolysaccharides (IEPS) in Streptococcus mutans UA159 cariogenic biofilm. 26691386 2 8 theme exopolysaccharides 322:339 arg1 structure 299:307 the structure 295:307 the structure of insoluble exopolysaccharides (IEPS) in Streptococcus mutans UA159 cariogenic biofilm 295:395 The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a B. dracunculifolia-based mouthrinse (Bd) changes the structure of insoluble exopolysaccharides (IEPS) in Streptococcus mutans UA159 cariogenic biofilm. 26691386 5 9 theme Gas 640:642 arg1 spectrometry 664:675 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 640:675 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 640:675 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses revealed that IEPS from the four biofilm samples were α- glucans containing different proportions of (1→6) and (1→3) glycosidic linkages. 26691386 0 10 from structure 72:80 arg1 biofilms 96:103 cariogenic biofilms 85:103 cariogenic biofilms 85:103 Baccharis dracunculifolia-based mouthrinse alters the exopolysaccharide structure in cariogenic biofilms. 26691386 8 11 theme distinct 1166:1173 arg1 profiles 1184:1191 distinct chemical profiles 1166:1191 distinct chemical profiles 1166:1191 Compared with the control, IEPS from Bd- and CHX-treated biofilms were structurally different and had distinct chemical profiles. 26691386 6 12 theme structural 859:868 arg1 differences 870:880 The structural differences 855:880 The structural differences among the four IEPS 855:900 The structural differences among the four IEPS were compared by principal component analysis (PCA). 26691386 5 13 theme α- 771:772 arg1 glucans 774:780 α- glucans 771:780 α- glucans containing different proportions of (1→6) 771:822 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses revealed that IEPS from the four biofilm samples were α- glucans containing different proportions of (1→6) and (1→3) glycosidic linkages. 26691386 1 14 from Brazil 155:160 arg1 plant 144:148 a native plant 135:148 a native plant from Brazil with antimicrobial activity 135:188 Baccharis dracunculifolia is a native plant from Brazil with antimicrobial activity. 26691386 1 14 from Brazil 155:160 arg1 dracunculifolia 116:130 Baccharis dracunculifolia 106:130 Baccharis dracunculifolia 106:130 Baccharis dracunculifolia is a native plant from Brazil with antimicrobial activity. 26691386 1 15 theme Baccharis 106:114 arg1 plant 144:148 a native plant 135:148 a native plant from Brazil with antimicrobial activity 135:188 Baccharis dracunculifolia is a native plant from Brazil with antimicrobial activity. 26691386 1 15 theme Baccharis 106:114 arg1 dracunculifolia 116:130 Baccharis dracunculifolia 106:130 Baccharis dracunculifolia 106:130 Baccharis dracunculifolia is a native plant from Brazil with antimicrobial activity. 26691386 5 16 theme glycosidic 834:843 arg1 linkages 845:852 glycosidic linkages 834:852 (1→3) glycosidic linkages 828:852 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses revealed that IEPS from the four biofilm samples were α- glucans containing different proportions of (1→6) and (1→3) glycosidic linkages. 26691386 0 17 theme dracunculifolia-based 10:30 arg1 mouthrinse 32:41 Baccharis dracunculifolia-based mouthrinse 0:41 Baccharis dracunculifolia-based mouthrinse 0:41 Baccharis dracunculifolia-based mouthrinse alters the exopolysaccharide structure in cariogenic biofilms. 26691386 7 18 theme NaCl-treated 1001:1012 arg1 biofilms 1014:1021 VC- and NaCl-treated biofilms 993:1021 VC- and NaCl-treated biofilms 993:1021 PCA analysis indicated that IEPS from VC- and NaCl-treated biofilms were structurally similar to each other. 26691386 1 19 with plant 144:148 arg1 activity 181:188 antimicrobial activity 167:188 antimicrobial activity 167:188 Baccharis dracunculifolia is a native plant from Brazil with antimicrobial activity. 26691386 2 20 dep Streptococcus 351:363 arg1 mutans 365:370 Streptococcus mutans UA159 cariogenic biofilm 351:395 Streptococcus mutans UA159 cariogenic biofilm 351:395 The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a B. dracunculifolia-based mouthrinse (Bd) changes the structure of insoluble exopolysaccharides (IEPS) in Streptococcus mutans UA159 cariogenic biofilm. 26691386 2 20 dep Streptococcus 351:363 arg1 biofilm 389:395 UA159 cariogenic biofilm 372:395 Streptococcus mutans UA159 cariogenic biofilm 351:395 The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a B. dracunculifolia-based mouthrinse (Bd) changes the structure of insoluble exopolysaccharides (IEPS) in Streptococcus mutans UA159 cariogenic biofilm. 26691386 0 21 theme Baccharis 0:8 arg1 mouthrinse 32:41 Baccharis dracunculifolia-based mouthrinse 0:41 Baccharis dracunculifolia-based mouthrinse 0:41 Baccharis dracunculifolia-based mouthrinse alters the exopolysaccharide structure in cariogenic biofilms. 26691386 9 22 theme IEPS 1235:1238 arg1 composition 1249:1259 the IEPS chemical composition 1231:1259 the IEPS chemical composition 1231:1259 In summary, the fact that Bd changed the IEPS chemical composition indicates that this mouthrinse may affect the cariogenic properties of the S. mutans biofilm formed. 26691386 8 23 theme chemical 1175:1182 arg1 profiles 1184:1191 distinct chemical profiles 1166:1191 distinct chemical profiles 1166:1191 Compared with the control, IEPS from Bd- and CHX-treated biofilms were structurally different and had distinct chemical profiles. 26691386 9 24 theme cariogenic 1307:1316 arg1 properties 1318:1327 the cariogenic properties 1303:1327 the cariogenic properties of the S. mutans biofilm formed 1303:1359 In summary, the fact that Bd changed the IEPS chemical composition indicates that this mouthrinse may affect the cariogenic properties of the S. mutans biofilm formed. 26691386 5 25 theme magnetic 689:696 arg1 resonance 698:706 nuclear magnetic resonance 681:706 nuclear magnetic resonance 681:706 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses revealed that IEPS from the four biofilm samples were α- glucans containing different proportions of (1→6) and (1→3) glycosidic linkages. 26691386 4 26 theme bacterial 610:618 arg1 viability 620:628 bacterial viability 610:628 bacterial viability (p<0.05) 610:637 Among the treatments, only CHX significantly reduced the biofilm biomass and bacterial viability (p<0.05). 26691386 4 26 theme bacterial 610:618 arg1 p<0.05 631:636 p<0.05 631:636 p<0.05 631:636 Among the treatments, only CHX significantly reduced the biofilm biomass and bacterial viability (p<0.05). 26691386 5 27 theme 1→6 819:821 arg1 proportions 803:813 different proportions 793:813 different proportions of (1→6) 793:822 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses revealed that IEPS from the four biofilm samples were α- glucans containing different proportions of (1→6) and (1→3) glycosidic linkages. 26691386 5 28 theme resonance 698:706 arg1 analyses 708:715 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses 640:715 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses 640:715 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses revealed that IEPS from the four biofilm samples were α- glucans containing different proportions of (1→6) and (1→3) glycosidic linkages. 26691386 2 29 theme study 211:215 arg1 purpose 195:201 The purpose 191:201 The purpose of this study 191:215 The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a B. dracunculifolia-based mouthrinse (Bd) changes the structure of insoluble exopolysaccharides (IEPS) in Streptococcus mutans UA159 cariogenic biofilm. 26691386 1 30 theme native 137:142 arg1 plant 144:148 a native plant 135:148 a native plant from Brazil with antimicrobial activity 135:188 Baccharis dracunculifolia is a native plant from Brazil with antimicrobial activity. 26691386 1 30 theme native 137:142 arg1 dracunculifolia 116:130 Baccharis dracunculifolia 106:130 Baccharis dracunculifolia 106:130 Baccharis dracunculifolia is a native plant from Brazil with antimicrobial activity. 26691386 0 31 theme exopolysaccharide 54:70 arg1 structure 72:80 the exopolysaccharide structure 50:80 the exopolysaccharide structure in cariogenic biofilms 50:103 Baccharis dracunculifolia-based mouthrinse alters the exopolysaccharide structure in cariogenic biofilms. 26691386 5 32 dep linkages 845:852 arg1 1→3 829:831 1→3 829:831 1→3 829:831 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses revealed that IEPS from the four biofilm samples were α- glucans containing different proportions of (1→6) and (1→3) glycosidic linkages. 26691386 6 33 theme component 929:937 arg1 PCA 949:951 PCA 949:951 PCA 949:951 The structural differences among the four IEPS were compared by principal component analysis (PCA). 26691386 6 33 theme component 929:937 arg1 analysis 939:946 principal component analysis 919:946 principal component analysis (PCA) 919:952 The structural differences among the four IEPS were compared by principal component analysis (PCA). 26691386 2 34 theme dracunculifolia-based 249:269 arg1 Bd 283:284 Bd 283:284 Bd 283:284 The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a B. dracunculifolia-based mouthrinse (Bd) changes the structure of insoluble exopolysaccharides (IEPS) in Streptococcus mutans UA159 cariogenic biofilm. 26691386 2 34 theme dracunculifolia-based 249:269 arg1 mouthrinse 271:280 a B. dracunculifolia-based mouthrinse 244:280 a B. dracunculifolia-based mouthrinse (Bd) 244:285 The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a B. dracunculifolia-based mouthrinse (Bd) changes the structure of insoluble exopolysaccharides (IEPS) in Streptococcus mutans UA159 cariogenic biofilm. 26691386 6 35 theme principal 919:927 arg1 PCA 949:951 PCA 949:951 PCA 949:951 The structural differences among the four IEPS were compared by principal component analysis (PCA). 26691386 6 35 theme principal 919:927 arg1 analysis 939:946 principal component analysis 919:946 principal component analysis (PCA) 919:952 The structural differences among the four IEPS were compared by principal component analysis (PCA). 26691386 5 36 theme chromatography-mass 644:662 arg1 spectrometry 664:675 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 640:675 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 640:675 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses revealed that IEPS from the four biofilm samples were α- glucans containing different proportions of (1→6) and (1→3) glycosidic linkages. 26691386 5 37 theme biofilm 750:756 arg1 samples 758:764 the four biofilm samples 741:764 the four biofilm samples 741:764 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses revealed that IEPS from the four biofilm samples were α- glucans containing different proportions of (1→6) and (1→3) glycosidic linkages. 26691386 2 38 theme B. 246:247 arg1 Bd 283:284 Bd 283:284 Bd 283:284 The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a B. dracunculifolia-based mouthrinse (Bd) changes the structure of insoluble exopolysaccharides (IEPS) in Streptococcus mutans UA159 cariogenic biofilm. 26691386 2 38 theme B. 246:247 arg1 mouthrinse 271:280 a B. dracunculifolia-based mouthrinse 244:280 a B. dracunculifolia-based mouthrinse (Bd) 244:285 The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a B. dracunculifolia-based mouthrinse (Bd) changes the structure of insoluble exopolysaccharides (IEPS) in Streptococcus mutans UA159 cariogenic biofilm. 26691386 7 39 theme VC- 993:995 arg1 biofilms 1014:1021 VC- and NaCl-treated biofilms 993:1021 VC- and NaCl-treated biofilms 993:1021 PCA analysis indicated that IEPS from VC- and NaCl-treated biofilms were structurally similar to each other. 26691386 5 40 theme different 793:801 arg1 proportions 803:813 different proportions 793:813 different proportions of (1→6) 793:822 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses revealed that IEPS from the four biofilm samples were α- glucans containing different proportions of (1→6) and (1→3) glycosidic linkages. 26691386 9 41 theme mutans 1339:1344 arg1 biofilm 1346:1352 the S. mutans biofilm 1332:1352 the S. mutans biofilm formed 1332:1359 In summary, the fact that Bd changed the IEPS chemical composition indicates that this mouthrinse may affect the cariogenic properties of the S. mutans biofilm formed. 26691386 5 42 theme spectrometry 664:675 arg1 analyses 708:715 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses 640:715 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses 640:715 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses revealed that IEPS from the four biofilm samples were α- glucans containing different proportions of (1→6) and (1→3) glycosidic linkages. 26691386 5 43 from samples 758:764 arg1 IEPS 731:734 IEPS 731:734 IEPS from the four biofilm samples 731:764 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses revealed that IEPS from the four biofilm samples were α- glucans containing different proportions of (1→6) and (1→3) glycosidic linkages. 26691386 2 44 from structure 299:307 arg1 Streptococcus 351:363 Streptococcus 351:363 Streptococcus 351:363 The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a B. dracunculifolia-based mouthrinse (Bd) changes the structure of insoluble exopolysaccharides (IEPS) in Streptococcus mutans UA159 cariogenic biofilm. 26691386 9 45 theme biofilm 1346:1352 arg1 properties 1318:1327 the cariogenic properties 1303:1327 the cariogenic properties of the S. mutans biofilm formed 1303:1359 In summary, the fact that Bd changed the IEPS chemical composition indicates that this mouthrinse may affect the cariogenic properties of the S. mutans biofilm formed. 26691386 5 46 contain containing 782:791 arg1 glucans 774:780 α- glucans 771:780 α- glucans containing different proportions of (1→6) 771:822 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses revealed that IEPS from the four biofilm samples were α- glucans containing different proportions of (1→6) and (1→3) glycosidic linkages. 26691386 5 46 contain containing 782:791 arg2 proportions 803:813 different proportions 793:813 different proportions of (1→6) 793:822 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses revealed that IEPS from the four biofilm samples were α- glucans containing different proportions of (1→6) and (1→3) glycosidic linkages. 26691386 3 47 theme chlorhexidine 473:485 arg1 CHX 500:502 CHX 500:502 CHX 500:502 Biofilms were grown on glass slides and treated with Bd, its vehicle (VC), chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), or saline solution (NaCl). 26691386 3 47 theme chlorhexidine 473:485 arg1 digluconate 487:497 chlorhexidine digluconate 473:497 chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) 473:503 Biofilms were grown on glass slides and treated with Bd, its vehicle (VC), chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), or saline solution (NaCl). 26691386 5 48 theme nuclear 681:687 arg1 resonance 698:706 nuclear magnetic resonance 681:706 nuclear magnetic resonance 681:706 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses revealed that IEPS from the four biofilm samples were α- glucans containing different proportions of (1→6) and (1→3) glycosidic linkages. 26691386 8 49 theme Bd- 1101:1103 arg1 biofilms 1121:1128 Bd- and CHX-treated biofilms 1101:1128 Bd- and CHX-treated biofilms 1101:1128 Compared with the control, IEPS from Bd- and CHX-treated biofilms were structurally different and had distinct chemical profiles. 26691386 8 50 from biofilms 1121:1128 arg1 IEPS 1091:1094 IEPS 1091:1094 IEPS from Bd- and CHX-treated biofilms 1091:1128 Compared with the control, IEPS from Bd- and CHX-treated biofilms were structurally different and had distinct chemical profiles. 26691386 1 51 theme antimicrobial 167:179 arg1 activity 181:188 antimicrobial activity 167:188 antimicrobial activity 167:188 Baccharis dracunculifolia is a native plant from Brazil with antimicrobial activity. 26691386 7 52 from biofilms 1014:1021 arg1 IEPS 983:986 IEPS 983:986 IEPS from VC- and NaCl-treated biofilms 983:1021 PCA analysis indicated that IEPS from VC- and NaCl-treated biofilms were structurally similar to each other. 26691386 0 53 theme cariogenic 85:94 arg1 biofilms 96:103 cariogenic biofilms 85:103 cariogenic biofilms 85:103 Baccharis dracunculifolia-based mouthrinse alters the exopolysaccharide structure in cariogenic biofilms. 26691386 9 54 theme chemical 1240:1247 arg1 composition 1249:1259 the IEPS chemical composition 1231:1259 the IEPS chemical composition 1231:1259 In summary, the fact that Bd changed the IEPS chemical composition indicates that this mouthrinse may affect the cariogenic properties of the S. mutans biofilm formed. 26691386 8 55 contain had 1162:1164 arg2 profiles 1184:1191 distinct chemical profiles 1166:1191 distinct chemical profiles 1166:1191 Compared with the control, IEPS from Bd- and CHX-treated biofilms were structurally different and had distinct chemical profiles. 26691386 8 55 contain had 1162:1164 arg1 IEPS 1091:1094 IEPS 1091:1094 IEPS from Bd- and CHX-treated biofilms 1091:1128 Compared with the control, IEPS from Bd- and CHX-treated biofilms were structurally different and had distinct chemical profiles. 26691386 3 56 theme saline 509:514 arg1 NaCl 526:529 NaCl 526:529 NaCl 526:529 Biofilms were grown on glass slides and treated with Bd, its vehicle (VC), chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), or saline solution (NaCl). 26691386 3 56 theme saline 509:514 arg1 solution 516:523 saline solution 509:523 saline solution (NaCl) 509:530 Biofilms were grown on glass slides and treated with Bd, its vehicle (VC), chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), or saline solution (NaCl). 26691386 4 57 theme biofilm 590:596 arg1 biomass 598:604 the biofilm biomass 586:604 the biofilm biomass 586:604 Among the treatments, only CHX significantly reduced the biofilm biomass and bacterial viability (p<0.05). 28962770 0 0 theme TEMPO-oxidized 60:73 arg1 scaffold 108:115 a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber-silk fibroin scaffold 52:115 a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber-silk fibroin scaffold 52:115 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of effectiveness of a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber-silk fibroin scaffold in wound healing. 28962770 5 1 theme sized 726:730 arg1 model 752:756 critical sized rat skin excisional model 717:756 critical sized rat skin excisional model for one and two weeks 717:778 In vivo evaluation of TOCN, TOCN-silk fibroin composites was examined using critical sized rat skin excisional model for one and two weeks. 28962770 2 2 theme electron 348:355 arg1 determination 389:401 pore diameter determination 375:401 pore diameter determination 375:401 Fundamental physical characterizations were carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pore diameter determination, FT-IR. 28962770 2 2 theme electron 348:355 arg1 SEM 369:371 SEM 369:371 SEM 369:371 Fundamental physical characterizations were carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pore diameter determination, FT-IR. 28962770 2 2 theme electron 348:355 arg1 microscopy 357:366 scanning electron microscopy 339:366 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 339:372 Fundamental physical characterizations were carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pore diameter determination, FT-IR. 28962770 2 2 theme electron 348:355 arg1 FT-IR 404:408 FT-IR 404:408 FT-IR 404:408 Fundamental physical characterizations were carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pore diameter determination, FT-IR. 28962770 6 3 theme wound 943:947 arg1 healing 949:955 wound healing 943:955 wound healing markers 943:963 The results of rat wound model revealed that, compared to only TOCN scaffold, TOCN-silk fibroin scaffold successfully promoted wound healing by the expression of wound healing markers. 28962770 0 4 theme novel 54:58 arg1 scaffold 108:115 a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber-silk fibroin scaffold 52:115 a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber-silk fibroin scaffold 52:115 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of effectiveness of a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber-silk fibroin scaffold in wound healing. 28962770 8 5 from material 1118:1125 arg1 applications 1139:1150 clinical applications 1130:1150 clinical applications 1130:1150 Thus, it appears that TOCN-silk fibroin composite scaffolds can be useful as wound healing material in clinical applications. 28962770 6 6 theme wound 908:912 arg1 healing 914:920 wound healing 908:920 wound healing 908:920 The results of rat wound model revealed that, compared to only TOCN scaffold, TOCN-silk fibroin scaffold successfully promoted wound healing by the expression of wound healing markers. 28962770 2 7 theme scanning 339:346 arg1 determination 389:401 pore diameter determination 375:401 pore diameter determination 375:401 Fundamental physical characterizations were carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pore diameter determination, FT-IR. 28962770 2 7 theme scanning 339:346 arg1 SEM 369:371 SEM 369:371 SEM 369:371 Fundamental physical characterizations were carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pore diameter determination, FT-IR. 28962770 2 7 theme scanning 339:346 arg1 microscopy 357:366 scanning electron microscopy 339:366 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 339:372 Fundamental physical characterizations were carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pore diameter determination, FT-IR. 28962770 2 7 theme scanning 339:346 arg1 FT-IR 404:408 FT-IR 404:408 FT-IR 404:408 Fundamental physical characterizations were carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pore diameter determination, FT-IR. 28962770 0 8 theme nanofiber-silk 85:98 arg1 scaffold 108:115 a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber-silk fibroin scaffold 52:115 a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber-silk fibroin scaffold 52:115 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of effectiveness of a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber-silk fibroin scaffold in wound healing. 28962770 3 9 theme TOCN 510:513 arg1 capacity 498:505 the swelling capacity 485:505 the swelling capacity of TOCN 485:513 PBS uptake behavior of the scaffold showed that, silk fibroin can enhance the swelling capacity of TOCN. 28962770 4 10 theme in 562:563 arg1 studies 571:577 in vitro studies 562:577 in vitro studies 562:577 L929 primary fibroblast cell was selected for in vitro studies, which showed that the scaffolds facilitated growth of cells. 28962770 0 11 theme cellulose 75:83 arg1 scaffold 108:115 a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber-silk fibroin scaffold 52:115 a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber-silk fibroin scaffold 52:115 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of effectiveness of a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber-silk fibroin scaffold in wound healing. 28962770 0 12 from effectiveness 35:47 arg1 healing 126:132 wound healing 120:132 wound healing 120:132 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of effectiveness of a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber-silk fibroin scaffold in wound healing. 28962770 6 13 theme healing 949:955 arg1 markers 957:963 wound healing markers 943:963 wound healing markers 943:963 The results of rat wound model revealed that, compared to only TOCN scaffold, TOCN-silk fibroin scaffold successfully promoted wound healing by the expression of wound healing markers. 28962770 0 14 theme scaffold 108:115 arg1 effectiveness 35:47 effectiveness 35:47 effectiveness of a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber-silk fibroin scaffold in wound healing 35:132 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of effectiveness of a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber-silk fibroin scaffold in wound healing. 28962770 5 15 dep In 641:642 arg1 vivo 644:647 vivo 644:647 vivo 644:647 In vivo evaluation of TOCN, TOCN-silk fibroin composites was examined using critical sized rat skin excisional model for one and two weeks. 28962770 8 16 theme wound 1104:1108 arg1 healing 1110:1116 wound healing 1104:1116 wound healing material in clinical applications 1104:1150 Thus, it appears that TOCN-silk fibroin composite scaffolds can be useful as wound healing material in clinical applications. 28962770 8 17 theme fibroin 1059:1065 arg1 scaffolds 1077:1085 TOCN-silk fibroin composite scaffolds 1049:1085 TOCN-silk fibroin composite scaffolds 1049:1085 Thus, it appears that TOCN-silk fibroin composite scaffolds can be useful as wound healing material in clinical applications. 28962770 4 18 theme cells 634:638 arg1 growth 624:629 growth 624:629 growth of cells 624:638 L929 primary fibroblast cell was selected for in vitro studies, which showed that the scaffolds facilitated growth of cells. 28962770 2 19 theme pore 375:378 arg1 determination 389:401 pore diameter determination 375:401 pore diameter determination 375:401 Fundamental physical characterizations were carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pore diameter determination, FT-IR. 28962770 2 19 theme pore 375:378 arg1 microscopy 357:366 scanning electron microscopy 339:366 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 339:372 Fundamental physical characterizations were carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pore diameter determination, FT-IR. 28962770 0 20 theme fibroin 100:106 arg1 scaffold 108:115 a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber-silk fibroin scaffold 52:115 a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber-silk fibroin scaffold 52:115 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of effectiveness of a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber-silk fibroin scaffold in wound healing. 28962770 0 21 from evaluation 21:30 arg1 healing 126:132 wound healing 120:132 wound healing 120:132 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of effectiveness of a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber-silk fibroin scaffold in wound healing. 28962770 6 22 theme rat 796:798 arg1 model 806:810 rat wound model 796:810 rat wound model 796:810 The results of rat wound model revealed that, compared to only TOCN scaffold, TOCN-silk fibroin scaffold successfully promoted wound healing by the expression of wound healing markers. 28962770 1 23 theme fibroin 205:211 arg1 scaffold 213:220 a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCN)-silk fibroin scaffold 150:220 a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCN)-silk fibroin scaffold 150:220 In this study, a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCN)-silk fibroin scaffold was prepared using a cost effective freeze drying method. 28962770 7 24 contain has 987:989 arg1 % 985:985 TOCN-silk fibroin 2% 966:985 TOCN-silk fibroin 2% 966:985 TOCN-silk fibroin 2% has the fastest wound healing capacity. 28962770 7 24 contain has 987:989 arg2 capacity 1017:1024 the fastest wound healing capacity 991:1024 the fastest wound healing capacity 991:1024 TOCN-silk fibroin 2% has the fastest wound healing capacity. 28962770 1 25 theme novel 152:156 arg1 scaffold 213:220 a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCN)-silk fibroin scaffold 150:220 a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCN)-silk fibroin scaffold 150:220 In this study, a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCN)-silk fibroin scaffold was prepared using a cost effective freeze drying method. 28962770 5 26 theme rat 732:734 arg1 model 752:756 critical sized rat skin excisional model 717:756 critical sized rat skin excisional model for one and two weeks 717:778 In vivo evaluation of TOCN, TOCN-silk fibroin composites was examined using critical sized rat skin excisional model for one and two weeks. 28962770 4 27 theme primary 521:527 arg1 cell 540:543 L929 primary fibroblast cell 516:543 L929 primary fibroblast cell 516:543 L929 primary fibroblast cell was selected for in vitro studies, which showed that the scaffolds facilitated growth of cells. 28962770 1 28 theme TEMPO-oxidized 158:171 arg1 scaffold 213:220 a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCN)-silk fibroin scaffold 150:220 a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCN)-silk fibroin scaffold 150:220 In this study, a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCN)-silk fibroin scaffold was prepared using a cost effective freeze drying method. 28962770 0 29 theme In 0:1 arg1 evaluation 21:30 In vitro and in vivo evaluation 0:30 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of effectiveness of a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber-silk fibroin scaffold in wound healing. 0:133 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of effectiveness of a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber-silk fibroin scaffold in wound healing. 28962770 1 30 theme effective 248:256 arg1 method 272:277 a cost effective freeze drying method 241:277 a cost effective freeze drying method 241:277 In this study, a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCN)-silk fibroin scaffold was prepared using a cost effective freeze drying method. 28962770 7 31 theme fastest 995:1001 arg1 healing 1009:1015 the fastest wound healing 991:1015 the fastest wound healing capacity 991:1024 TOCN-silk fibroin 2% has the fastest wound healing capacity. 28962770 2 32 theme physical 292:299 arg1 characterizations 301:317 Fundamental physical characterizations 280:317 Fundamental physical characterizations 280:317 Fundamental physical characterizations were carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pore diameter determination, FT-IR. 28962770 7 33 theme wound 1003:1007 arg1 healing 1009:1015 the fastest wound healing 991:1015 the fastest wound healing capacity 991:1024 TOCN-silk fibroin 2% has the fastest wound healing capacity. 28962770 1 34 theme cellulose 173:181 arg1 scaffold 213:220 a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCN)-silk fibroin scaffold 150:220 a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCN)-silk fibroin scaffold 150:220 In this study, a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCN)-silk fibroin scaffold was prepared using a cost effective freeze drying method. 28962770 0 35 theme in 13:14 arg1 evaluation 21:30 In vitro and in vivo evaluation 0:30 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of effectiveness of a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber-silk fibroin scaffold in wound healing. 0:133 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of effectiveness of a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber-silk fibroin scaffold in wound healing. 28962770 1 36 theme freeze 258:263 arg1 method 272:277 a cost effective freeze drying method 241:277 a cost effective freeze drying method 241:277 In this study, a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCN)-silk fibroin scaffold was prepared using a cost effective freeze drying method. 28962770 0 37 theme wound 120:124 arg1 healing 126:132 wound healing 120:132 wound healing 120:132 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of effectiveness of a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber-silk fibroin scaffold in wound healing. 28962770 2 38 theme Fundamental 280:290 arg1 characterizations 301:317 Fundamental physical characterizations 280:317 Fundamental physical characterizations 280:317 Fundamental physical characterizations were carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pore diameter determination, FT-IR. 28962770 1 39 theme nanofiber 183:191 arg1 scaffold 213:220 a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCN)-silk fibroin scaffold 150:220 a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCN)-silk fibroin scaffold 150:220 In this study, a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCN)-silk fibroin scaffold was prepared using a cost effective freeze drying method. 28962770 1 40 theme drying 265:270 arg1 method 272:277 a cost effective freeze drying method 241:277 a cost effective freeze drying method 241:277 In this study, a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCN)-silk fibroin scaffold was prepared using a cost effective freeze drying method. 28962770 5 41 theme TOCN 663:666 arg1 composites 687:696 TOCN, TOCN-silk fibroin composites 663:696 composites 687:696 In vivo evaluation of TOCN, TOCN-silk fibroin composites was examined using critical sized rat skin excisional model for one and two weeks. 28962770 4 42 dep in 562:563 arg1 vitro 565:569 vitro 565:569 vitro 565:569 L929 primary fibroblast cell was selected for in vitro studies, which showed that the scaffolds facilitated growth of cells. 28962770 5 43 theme skin 736:739 arg1 model 752:756 critical sized rat skin excisional model 717:756 critical sized rat skin excisional model for one and two weeks 717:778 In vivo evaluation of TOCN, TOCN-silk fibroin composites was examined using critical sized rat skin excisional model for one and two weeks. 28962770 4 44 theme fibroblast 529:538 arg1 cell 540:543 L929 primary fibroblast cell 516:543 L929 primary fibroblast cell 516:543 L929 primary fibroblast cell was selected for in vitro studies, which showed that the scaffolds facilitated growth of cells. 28962770 6 45 theme model 806:810 arg1 results 785:791 The results 781:791 The results of rat wound model 781:810 The results of rat wound model revealed that, compared to only TOCN scaffold, TOCN-silk fibroin scaffold successfully promoted wound healing by the expression of wound healing markers. 28962770 3 46 theme PBS 411:413 arg1 behavior 422:429 PBS uptake behavior 411:429 PBS uptake behavior of the scaffold 411:445 PBS uptake behavior of the scaffold showed that, silk fibroin can enhance the swelling capacity of TOCN. 28962770 1 47 theme TOCN 194:197 arg1 scaffold 213:220 a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCN)-silk fibroin scaffold 150:220 a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCN)-silk fibroin scaffold 150:220 In this study, a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCN)-silk fibroin scaffold was prepared using a cost effective freeze drying method. 28962770 3 48 theme uptake 415:420 arg1 behavior 422:429 PBS uptake behavior 411:429 PBS uptake behavior of the scaffold 411:445 PBS uptake behavior of the scaffold showed that, silk fibroin can enhance the swelling capacity of TOCN. 28962770 5 49 theme excisional 741:750 arg1 model 752:756 critical sized rat skin excisional model 717:756 critical sized rat skin excisional model for one and two weeks 717:778 In vivo evaluation of TOCN, TOCN-silk fibroin composites was examined using critical sized rat skin excisional model for one and two weeks. 28962770 6 50 theme wound 800:804 arg1 model 806:810 rat wound model 796:810 rat wound model 796:810 The results of rat wound model revealed that, compared to only TOCN scaffold, TOCN-silk fibroin scaffold successfully promoted wound healing by the expression of wound healing markers. 28962770 8 51 theme clinical 1130:1137 arg1 applications 1139:1150 clinical applications 1130:1150 clinical applications 1130:1150 Thus, it appears that TOCN-silk fibroin composite scaffolds can be useful as wound healing material in clinical applications. 28962770 2 52 theme diameter 380:387 arg1 determination 389:401 pore diameter determination 375:401 pore diameter determination 375:401 Fundamental physical characterizations were carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pore diameter determination, FT-IR. 28962770 2 52 theme diameter 380:387 arg1 microscopy 357:366 scanning electron microscopy 339:366 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 339:372 Fundamental physical characterizations were carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pore diameter determination, FT-IR. 28962770 0 53 theme effectiveness 35:47 arg1 evaluation 21:30 In vitro and in vivo evaluation 0:30 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of effectiveness of a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber-silk fibroin scaffold in wound healing. 0:133 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of effectiveness of a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber-silk fibroin scaffold in wound healing. 28962770 5 54 theme fibroin 679:685 arg1 composites 687:696 TOCN, TOCN-silk fibroin composites 663:696 composites 687:696 In vivo evaluation of TOCN, TOCN-silk fibroin composites was examined using critical sized rat skin excisional model for one and two weeks. 28962770 4 55 theme L929 516:519 arg1 cell 540:543 L929 primary fibroblast cell 516:543 L929 primary fibroblast cell 516:543 L929 primary fibroblast cell was selected for in vitro studies, which showed that the scaffolds facilitated growth of cells. 28962770 7 56 theme TOCN-silk 966:974 arg1 % 985:985 TOCN-silk fibroin 2% 966:985 TOCN-silk fibroin 2% 966:985 TOCN-silk fibroin 2% has the fastest wound healing capacity. 28962770 3 57 theme silk 460:463 arg1 fibroin 465:471 silk fibroin 460:471 silk fibroin 460:471 PBS uptake behavior of the scaffold showed that, silk fibroin can enhance the swelling capacity of TOCN. 28962770 5 58 theme TOCN-silk 669:677 arg1 composites 687:696 TOCN, TOCN-silk fibroin composites 663:696 composites 687:696 In vivo evaluation of TOCN, TOCN-silk fibroin composites was examined using critical sized rat skin excisional model for one and two weeks. 28962770 6 59 theme fibroin 869:875 arg1 scaffold 877:884 TOCN-silk fibroin scaffold 859:884 TOCN-silk fibroin scaffold 859:884 The results of rat wound model revealed that, compared to only TOCN scaffold, TOCN-silk fibroin scaffold successfully promoted wound healing by the expression of wound healing markers. 28962770 5 60 theme In 641:642 arg1 evaluation 649:658 In vivo evaluation 641:658 In vivo evaluation of TOCN, TOCN-silk fibroin composites 641:696 In vivo evaluation of TOCN, TOCN-silk fibroin composites was examined using critical sized rat skin excisional model for one and two weeks. 28962770 6 61 theme TOCN-silk 859:867 arg1 scaffold 877:884 TOCN-silk fibroin scaffold 859:884 TOCN-silk fibroin scaffold 859:884 The results of rat wound model revealed that, compared to only TOCN scaffold, TOCN-silk fibroin scaffold successfully promoted wound healing by the expression of wound healing markers. 28962770 7 62 theme fibroin 976:982 arg1 % 985:985 TOCN-silk fibroin 2% 966:985 TOCN-silk fibroin 2% 966:985 TOCN-silk fibroin 2% has the fastest wound healing capacity. 28962770 0 63 dep in 13:14 arg1 vivo 16:19 vivo 16:19 vivo 16:19 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of effectiveness of a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber-silk fibroin scaffold in wound healing. 28962770 1 64 theme -silk 199:203 arg1 scaffold 213:220 a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCN)-silk fibroin scaffold 150:220 a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCN)-silk fibroin scaffold 150:220 In this study, a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCN)-silk fibroin scaffold was prepared using a cost effective freeze drying method. 28962770 7 65 theme healing 1009:1015 arg1 capacity 1017:1024 the fastest wound healing capacity 991:1024 the fastest wound healing capacity 991:1024 TOCN-silk fibroin 2% has the fastest wound healing capacity. 28962770 8 66 theme healing 1110:1116 arg1 material 1118:1125 wound healing material 1104:1125 wound healing material in clinical applications 1104:1150 Thus, it appears that TOCN-silk fibroin composite scaffolds can be useful as wound healing material in clinical applications. 28962770 8 67 theme TOCN-silk 1049:1057 arg1 scaffolds 1077:1085 TOCN-silk fibroin composite scaffolds 1049:1085 TOCN-silk fibroin composite scaffolds 1049:1085 Thus, it appears that TOCN-silk fibroin composite scaffolds can be useful as wound healing material in clinical applications. 28962770 0 68 from healing 126:132 arg1 evaluation 21:30 In vitro and in vivo evaluation 0:30 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of effectiveness of a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber-silk fibroin scaffold in wound healing. 0:133 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of effectiveness of a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber-silk fibroin scaffold in wound healing. 28962770 8 69 theme composite 1067:1075 arg1 scaffolds 1077:1085 TOCN-silk fibroin composite scaffolds 1049:1085 TOCN-silk fibroin composite scaffolds 1049:1085 Thus, it appears that TOCN-silk fibroin composite scaffolds can be useful as wound healing material in clinical applications. 28962770 3 70 theme scaffold 438:445 arg1 behavior 422:429 PBS uptake behavior 411:429 PBS uptake behavior of the scaffold 411:445 PBS uptake behavior of the scaffold showed that, silk fibroin can enhance the swelling capacity of TOCN. 28962770 6 71 theme markers 957:963 arg1 expression 929:938 the expression 925:938 the expression of wound healing markers 925:963 The results of rat wound model revealed that, compared to only TOCN scaffold, TOCN-silk fibroin scaffold successfully promoted wound healing by the expression of wound healing markers. 28962770 5 72 theme critical 717:724 arg1 model 752:756 critical sized rat skin excisional model 717:756 critical sized rat skin excisional model for one and two weeks 717:778 In vivo evaluation of TOCN, TOCN-silk fibroin composites was examined using critical sized rat skin excisional model for one and two weeks. 28962770 0 73 dep In 0:1 arg1 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of effectiveness of a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber-silk fibroin scaffold in wound healing. 28962770 3 74 theme swelling 489:496 arg1 capacity 498:505 the swelling capacity 485:505 the swelling capacity of TOCN 485:513 PBS uptake behavior of the scaffold showed that, silk fibroin can enhance the swelling capacity of TOCN. 28962770 5 75 theme composites 687:696 arg1 evaluation 649:658 In vivo evaluation 641:658 In vivo evaluation of TOCN, TOCN-silk fibroin composites 641:696 In vivo evaluation of TOCN, TOCN-silk fibroin composites was examined using critical sized rat skin excisional model for one and two weeks. 25358166 2 0 theme scanning 452:459 arg1 microscope 470:479 scanning electron microscope 452:479 scanning electron microscope 452:479 Firstly, Raman spectra of both healthy and infected sample tissues were collected with spatial resolution at micron-level, and ultrastructure of healthy and infected tea cells was got from scanning electron microscope. 25358166 3 1 theme cell 686:689 arg1 walls 691:695 cell walls 686:695 cell walls between healthy and infected samples 686:732 These results showed that there were significant changes in Raman shift and Raman intensity between healthy and infected cell walls, indicating that great differences occurred in chemical compositions of cell walls between healthy and infected samples. 25358166 8 2 theme cellular 1725:1732 arg1 level 1734:1738 cellular level 1725:1738 cellular level 1725:1738 This research firstly applied confocal Raman microscopy in phytopathology for the study of interactive relationship between host and pathogen, and it will also open a new way for intensive study of host-pathogen at cellular level. 25358166 2 3 theme tissues 322:328 arg1 spectra 278:284 Raman spectra 272:284 Raman spectra of both healthy and infected sample tissues 272:328 Firstly, Raman spectra of both healthy and infected sample tissues were collected with spatial resolution at micron-level, and ultrastructure of healthy and infected tea cells was got from scanning electron microscope. 25358166 5 4 theme walls 1053:1057 arg1 imaging 1007:1013 chemical imaging 998:1013 chemical imaging of both healthy and infected tea cell walls 998:1057 Subsequently, chemical imaging of both healthy and infected tea cell walls were realized based on Raman fingerprint spectra of cellulose and microscopic spatial structure. 25358166 1 5 theme cell 231:234 arg1 wall 236:239 cell wall 231:239 cell wall 231:239 Healthy tea and tea infected by anthracnose were first studied by confocal Raman microscopy to illustrate chemical changes of cell wall in the present paper. 25358166 5 6 theme Raman 1082:1086 arg1 spectra 1100:1106 Raman fingerprint spectra 1082:1106 Raman fingerprint spectra of cellulose and microscopic spatial structure 1082:1153 Subsequently, chemical imaging of both healthy and infected tea cell walls were realized based on Raman fingerprint spectra of cellulose and microscopic spatial structure. 25358166 3 7 theme chemical 661:668 arg1 compositions 670:681 chemical compositions 661:681 chemical compositions of cell walls between healthy and infected samples 661:732 These results showed that there were significant changes in Raman shift and Raman intensity between healthy and infected cell walls, indicating that great differences occurred in chemical compositions of cell walls between healthy and infected samples. 25358166 2 8 theme sample 315:320 arg1 tissues 322:328 both healthy and infected sample tissues 289:328 both healthy and infected sample tissues 289:328 Firstly, Raman spectra of both healthy and infected sample tissues were collected with spatial resolution at micron-level, and ultrastructure of healthy and infected tea cells was got from scanning electron microscope. 25358166 1 9 theme wall 236:239 arg1 changes 220:226 chemical changes 211:226 chemical changes of cell wall in the present paper 211:260 Healthy tea and tea infected by anthracnose were first studied by confocal Raman microscopy to illustrate chemical changes of cell wall in the present paper. 25358166 0 10 theme Raman 86:90 arg1 microscopy 92:101 confocal Raman microscopy 77:101 confocal Raman microscopy 77:101 [Revealing the chemical changes of tea cell wall induced by anthracnose with confocal Raman microscopy]. 25358166 4 11 theme many 762:765 arg1 bands 773:777 many Raman bands 762:777 many Raman bands which were closely associated with cellulose, pectin, esters 762:838 In details, intensities at many Raman bands which were closely associated with cellulose, pectin, esters were reduced after infection, revealing that the content of chemical compounds such as cellulose, pectin, esters was decreased after infection. 25358166 7 12 theme powerful 1379:1386 arg1 microscopy 1350:1359 confocal Raman microscopy 1335:1359 confocal Raman microscopy 1335:1359 Thus, confocal Raman microscopy was shown to be a powerful tool to detect the chemical changes in cell wall of tea caused by anthracnose without any chemical treatment or staining. 25358166 7 12 theme powerful 1379:1386 arg1 tool 1388:1391 a powerful tool 1377:1391 a powerful tool to detect the chemical changes in cell wall of tea caused by anthracnose without any chemical treatment or staining 1377:1507 Thus, confocal Raman microscopy was shown to be a powerful tool to detect the chemical changes in cell wall of tea caused by anthracnose without any chemical treatment or staining. 25358166 0 13 theme confocal 77:84 arg1 microscopy 92:101 confocal Raman microscopy 77:101 confocal Raman microscopy 77:101 [Revealing the chemical changes of tea cell wall induced by anthracnose with confocal Raman microscopy]. 25358166 3 14 theme healthy 705:711 arg1 samples 726:732 healthy and infected samples 705:732 healthy and infected samples 705:732 These results showed that there were significant changes in Raman shift and Raman intensity between healthy and infected cell walls, indicating that great differences occurred in chemical compositions of cell walls between healthy and infected samples. 25358166 3 15 theme significant 519:529 arg1 changes 531:537 significant changes 519:537 significant changes in Raman shift and Raman intensity between healthy and infected cell walls 519:612 These results showed that there were significant changes in Raman shift and Raman intensity between healthy and infected cell walls, indicating that great differences occurred in chemical compositions of cell walls between healthy and infected samples. 25358166 6 16 theme cellulose 1279:1287 arg1 structure 1266:1274 the ordered structure 1254:1274 the ordered structure of cellulose 1254:1287 It was found that not only the content of cellulose was reduced greatly after infection, but also the ordered structure of cellulose was destroyed by anthracnose infection. 25358166 7 17 theme tea 1440:1442 arg1 wall 1432:1435 cell wall 1427:1435 cell wall of tea caused by anthracnose without any chemical treatment or staining 1427:1507 Thus, confocal Raman microscopy was shown to be a powerful tool to detect the chemical changes in cell wall of tea caused by anthracnose without any chemical treatment or staining. 25358166 6 18 theme anthracnose 1306:1316 arg1 infection 1318:1326 anthracnose infection 1306:1326 anthracnose infection 1306:1326 It was found that not only the content of cellulose was reduced greatly after infection, but also the ordered structure of cellulose was destroyed by anthracnose infection. 25358166 7 19 theme chemical 1407:1414 arg1 changes 1416:1422 the chemical changes 1403:1422 the chemical changes in cell wall of tea caused by anthracnose without any chemical treatment or staining 1403:1507 Thus, confocal Raman microscopy was shown to be a powerful tool to detect the chemical changes in cell wall of tea caused by anthracnose without any chemical treatment or staining. 25358166 5 20 theme cell 1048:1051 arg1 walls 1053:1057 both healthy and infected tea cell walls 1018:1057 both healthy and infected tea cell walls 1018:1057 Subsequently, chemical imaging of both healthy and infected tea cell walls were realized based on Raman fingerprint spectra of cellulose and microscopic spatial structure. 25358166 0 21 theme cell 39:42 arg1 wall 44:47 tea cell wall 35:47 tea cell wall 35:47 [Revealing the chemical changes of tea cell wall induced by anthracnose with confocal Raman microscopy]. 25358166 3 22 theme walls 691:695 arg1 compositions 670:681 chemical compositions 661:681 chemical compositions of cell walls between healthy and infected samples 661:732 These results showed that there were significant changes in Raman shift and Raman intensity between healthy and infected cell walls, indicating that great differences occurred in chemical compositions of cell walls between healthy and infected samples. 25358166 7 23 from changes 1416:1422 arg1 wall 1432:1435 cell wall 1427:1435 cell wall of tea caused by anthracnose without any chemical treatment or staining 1427:1507 Thus, confocal Raman microscopy was shown to be a powerful tool to detect the chemical changes in cell wall of tea caused by anthracnose without any chemical treatment or staining. 25358166 8 24 theme confocal 1540:1547 arg1 microscopy 1555:1564 confocal Raman microscopy 1540:1564 confocal Raman microscopy in phytopathology 1540:1582 This research firstly applied confocal Raman microscopy in phytopathology for the study of interactive relationship between host and pathogen, and it will also open a new way for intensive study of host-pathogen at cellular level. 25358166 2 25 theme infected 420:427 arg1 cells 433:437 healthy and infected tea cells 408:437 healthy and infected tea cells 408:437 Firstly, Raman spectra of both healthy and infected sample tissues were collected with spatial resolution at micron-level, and ultrastructure of healthy and infected tea cells was got from scanning electron microscope. 25358166 5 26 theme spatial 1137:1143 arg1 structure 1145:1153 microscopic spatial structure 1125:1153 microscopic spatial structure 1125:1153 Subsequently, chemical imaging of both healthy and infected tea cell walls were realized based on Raman fingerprint spectra of cellulose and microscopic spatial structure. 25358166 3 27 theme Raman 542:546 arg1 shift 548:552 Raman shift 542:552 Raman shift 542:552 These results showed that there were significant changes in Raman shift and Raman intensity between healthy and infected cell walls, indicating that great differences occurred in chemical compositions of cell walls between healthy and infected samples. 25358166 2 28 theme spatial 350:356 arg1 resolution 358:367 spatial resolution 350:367 spatial resolution 350:367 Firstly, Raman spectra of both healthy and infected sample tissues were collected with spatial resolution at micron-level, and ultrastructure of healthy and infected tea cells was got from scanning electron microscope. 25358166 5 29 theme fingerprint 1088:1098 arg1 spectra 1100:1106 Raman fingerprint spectra 1082:1106 Raman fingerprint spectra of cellulose and microscopic spatial structure 1082:1153 Subsequently, chemical imaging of both healthy and infected tea cell walls were realized based on Raman fingerprint spectra of cellulose and microscopic spatial structure. 25358166 1 30 theme present 248:254 arg1 paper 256:260 the present paper 244:260 the present paper 244:260 Healthy tea and tea infected by anthracnose were first studied by confocal Raman microscopy to illustrate chemical changes of cell wall in the present paper. 25358166 6 31 theme cellulose 1198:1206 arg1 content 1187:1193 not only the content 1174:1193 not only the content of cellulose 1174:1206 It was found that not only the content of cellulose was reduced greatly after infection, but also the ordered structure of cellulose was destroyed by anthracnose infection. 25358166 7 32 theme chemical 1478:1485 arg1 treatment 1487:1495 any chemical treatment 1474:1495 any chemical treatment 1474:1495 Thus, confocal Raman microscopy was shown to be a powerful tool to detect the chemical changes in cell wall of tea caused by anthracnose without any chemical treatment or staining. 25358166 2 33 theme healthy 408:414 arg1 cells 433:437 healthy and infected tea cells 408:437 healthy and infected tea cells 408:437 Firstly, Raman spectra of both healthy and infected sample tissues were collected with spatial resolution at micron-level, and ultrastructure of healthy and infected tea cells was got from scanning electron microscope. 25358166 5 34 theme structure 1145:1153 arg1 spectra 1100:1106 Raman fingerprint spectra 1082:1106 Raman fingerprint spectra of cellulose and microscopic spatial structure 1082:1153 Subsequently, chemical imaging of both healthy and infected tea cell walls were realized based on Raman fingerprint spectra of cellulose and microscopic spatial structure. 25358166 5 35 theme chemical 998:1005 arg1 imaging 1007:1013 chemical imaging 998:1013 chemical imaging of both healthy and infected tea cell walls 998:1057 Subsequently, chemical imaging of both healthy and infected tea cell walls were realized based on Raman fingerprint spectra of cellulose and microscopic spatial structure. 25358166 2 36 theme Raman 272:276 arg1 spectra 278:284 Raman spectra 272:284 Raman spectra of both healthy and infected sample tissues 272:328 Firstly, Raman spectra of both healthy and infected sample tissues were collected with spatial resolution at micron-level, and ultrastructure of healthy and infected tea cells was got from scanning electron microscope. 25358166 8 37 theme host-pathogen 1708:1720 arg1 study 1699:1703 intensive study 1689:1703 intensive study of host-pathogen 1689:1720 This research firstly applied confocal Raman microscopy in phytopathology for the study of interactive relationship between host and pathogen, and it will also open a new way for intensive study of host-pathogen at cellular level. 25358166 1 38 theme confocal 171:178 arg1 microscopy 186:195 confocal Raman microscopy 171:195 confocal Raman microscopy 171:195 Healthy tea and tea infected by anthracnose were first studied by confocal Raman microscopy to illustrate chemical changes of cell wall in the present paper. 25358166 0 39 theme chemical 15:22 arg1 changes 24:30 the chemical changes 11:30 the chemical changes of tea cell wall induced by anthracnose with confocal Raman microscopy 11:101 [Revealing the chemical changes of tea cell wall induced by anthracnose with confocal Raman microscopy]. 25358166 3 40 theme infected 717:724 arg1 samples 726:732 healthy and infected samples 705:732 healthy and infected samples 705:732 These results showed that there were significant changes in Raman shift and Raman intensity between healthy and infected cell walls, indicating that great differences occurred in chemical compositions of cell walls between healthy and infected samples. 25358166 8 41 from microscopy 1555:1564 arg1 phytopathology 1569:1582 phytopathology 1569:1582 phytopathology 1569:1582 This research firstly applied confocal Raman microscopy in phytopathology for the study of interactive relationship between host and pathogen, and it will also open a new way for intensive study of host-pathogen at cellular level. 25358166 1 42 theme Raman 180:184 arg1 microscopy 186:195 confocal Raman microscopy 171:195 confocal Raman microscopy 171:195 Healthy tea and tea infected by anthracnose were first studied by confocal Raman microscopy to illustrate chemical changes of cell wall in the present paper. 25358166 0 43 theme tea 35:37 arg1 wall 44:47 tea cell wall 35:47 tea cell wall 35:47 [Revealing the chemical changes of tea cell wall induced by anthracnose with confocal Raman microscopy]. 25358166 4 44 theme chemical 900:907 arg1 compounds 909:917 chemical compounds 900:917 chemical compounds such as cellulose, pectin, esters 900:951 In details, intensities at many Raman bands which were closely associated with cellulose, pectin, esters were reduced after infection, revealing that the content of chemical compounds such as cellulose, pectin, esters was decreased after infection. 25358166 4 44 theme chemical 900:907 arg1 cellulose 927:935 cellulose 927:935 cellulose 927:935 In details, intensities at many Raman bands which were closely associated with cellulose, pectin, esters were reduced after infection, revealing that the content of chemical compounds such as cellulose, pectin, esters was decreased after infection. 25358166 5 45 theme infected 1035:1042 arg1 walls 1053:1057 both healthy and infected tea cell walls 1018:1057 both healthy and infected tea cell walls 1018:1057 Subsequently, chemical imaging of both healthy and infected tea cell walls were realized based on Raman fingerprint spectra of cellulose and microscopic spatial structure. 25358166 7 46 theme confocal 1335:1342 arg1 microscopy 1350:1359 confocal Raman microscopy 1335:1359 confocal Raman microscopy 1335:1359 Thus, confocal Raman microscopy was shown to be a powerful tool to detect the chemical changes in cell wall of tea caused by anthracnose without any chemical treatment or staining. 25358166 7 46 theme confocal 1335:1342 arg1 tool 1388:1391 a powerful tool 1377:1391 a powerful tool to detect the chemical changes in cell wall of tea caused by anthracnose without any chemical treatment or staining 1377:1507 Thus, confocal Raman microscopy was shown to be a powerful tool to detect the chemical changes in cell wall of tea caused by anthracnose without any chemical treatment or staining. 25358166 8 47 theme new 1677:1679 arg1 way 1681:1683 a new way 1675:1683 a new way for intensive study of host-pathogen 1675:1720 This research firstly applied confocal Raman microscopy in phytopathology for the study of interactive relationship between host and pathogen, and it will also open a new way for intensive study of host-pathogen at cellular level. 25358166 8 48 theme interactive 1601:1611 arg1 relationship 1613:1624 interactive relationship 1601:1624 interactive relationship between host and pathogen 1601:1650 This research firstly applied confocal Raman microscopy in phytopathology for the study of interactive relationship between host and pathogen, and it will also open a new way for intensive study of host-pathogen at cellular level. 25358166 2 49 from microscope 470:479 arg1 got 443:445 got 443:445 got from scanning electron microscope 443:479 Firstly, Raman spectra of both healthy and infected sample tissues were collected with spatial resolution at micron-level, and ultrastructure of healthy and infected tea cells was got from scanning electron microscope. 25358166 7 50 theme Raman 1344:1348 arg1 microscopy 1350:1359 confocal Raman microscopy 1335:1359 confocal Raman microscopy 1335:1359 Thus, confocal Raman microscopy was shown to be a powerful tool to detect the chemical changes in cell wall of tea caused by anthracnose without any chemical treatment or staining. 25358166 7 50 theme Raman 1344:1348 arg1 tool 1388:1391 a powerful tool 1377:1391 a powerful tool to detect the chemical changes in cell wall of tea caused by anthracnose without any chemical treatment or staining 1377:1507 Thus, confocal Raman microscopy was shown to be a powerful tool to detect the chemical changes in cell wall of tea caused by anthracnose without any chemical treatment or staining. 25358166 8 51 theme intensive 1689:1697 arg1 study 1699:1703 intensive study 1689:1703 intensive study of host-pathogen 1689:1720 This research firstly applied confocal Raman microscopy in phytopathology for the study of interactive relationship between host and pathogen, and it will also open a new way for intensive study of host-pathogen at cellular level. 25358166 2 52 theme cells 433:437 arg1 ultrastructure 390:403 ultrastructure 390:403 ultrastructure of healthy and infected tea cells 390:437 Firstly, Raman spectra of both healthy and infected sample tissues were collected with spatial resolution at micron-level, and ultrastructure of healthy and infected tea cells was got from scanning electron microscope. 25358166 5 53 theme cellulose 1111:1119 arg1 spectra 1100:1106 Raman fingerprint spectra 1082:1106 Raman fingerprint spectra of cellulose and microscopic spatial structure 1082:1153 Subsequently, chemical imaging of both healthy and infected tea cell walls were realized based on Raman fingerprint spectra of cellulose and microscopic spatial structure. 25358166 1 54 from changes 220:226 arg1 paper 256:260 the present paper 244:260 the present paper 244:260 Healthy tea and tea infected by anthracnose were first studied by confocal Raman microscopy to illustrate chemical changes of cell wall in the present paper. 25358166 2 55 theme electron 461:468 arg1 microscope 470:479 scanning electron microscope 452:479 scanning electron microscope 452:479 Firstly, Raman spectra of both healthy and infected sample tissues were collected with spatial resolution at micron-level, and ultrastructure of healthy and infected tea cells was got from scanning electron microscope. 25358166 2 56 theme infected 306:313 arg1 tissues 322:328 both healthy and infected sample tissues 289:328 both healthy and infected sample tissues 289:328 Firstly, Raman spectra of both healthy and infected sample tissues were collected with spatial resolution at micron-level, and ultrastructure of healthy and infected tea cells was got from scanning electron microscope. 25358166 2 57 theme tea 429:431 arg1 cells 433:437 healthy and infected tea cells 408:437 healthy and infected tea cells 408:437 Firstly, Raman spectra of both healthy and infected sample tissues were collected with spatial resolution at micron-level, and ultrastructure of healthy and infected tea cells was got from scanning electron microscope. 25358166 6 58 theme ordered 1258:1264 arg1 structure 1266:1274 the ordered structure 1254:1274 the ordered structure of cellulose 1254:1287 It was found that not only the content of cellulose was reduced greatly after infection, but also the ordered structure of cellulose was destroyed by anthracnose infection. 25358166 3 59 theme Raman 558:562 arg1 intensity 564:572 Raman intensity 558:572 Raman intensity 558:572 These results showed that there were significant changes in Raman shift and Raman intensity between healthy and infected cell walls, indicating that great differences occurred in chemical compositions of cell walls between healthy and infected samples. 25358166 1 60 theme Healthy 105:111 arg1 tea 113:115 Healthy tea 105:115 Healthy tea 105:115 Healthy tea and tea infected by anthracnose were first studied by confocal Raman microscopy to illustrate chemical changes of cell wall in the present paper. 25358166 3 61 from changes 531:537 arg1 intensity 564:572 Raman intensity 558:572 Raman intensity 558:572 These results showed that there were significant changes in Raman shift and Raman intensity between healthy and infected cell walls, indicating that great differences occurred in chemical compositions of cell walls between healthy and infected samples. 25358166 3 61 from changes 531:537 arg1 shift 548:552 Raman shift 542:552 Raman shift 542:552 These results showed that there were significant changes in Raman shift and Raman intensity between healthy and infected cell walls, indicating that great differences occurred in chemical compositions of cell walls between healthy and infected samples. 25358166 5 62 theme microscopic 1125:1135 arg1 structure 1145:1153 microscopic spatial structure 1125:1153 microscopic spatial structure 1125:1153 Subsequently, chemical imaging of both healthy and infected tea cell walls were realized based on Raman fingerprint spectra of cellulose and microscopic spatial structure. 25358166 4 63 theme Raman 767:771 arg1 bands 773:777 many Raman bands 762:777 many Raman bands which were closely associated with cellulose, pectin, esters 762:838 In details, intensities at many Raman bands which were closely associated with cellulose, pectin, esters were reduced after infection, revealing that the content of chemical compounds such as cellulose, pectin, esters was decreased after infection. 25358166 3 64 theme infected 594:601 arg1 walls 608:612 healthy and infected cell walls 582:612 healthy and infected cell walls 582:612 These results showed that there were significant changes in Raman shift and Raman intensity between healthy and infected cell walls, indicating that great differences occurred in chemical compositions of cell walls between healthy and infected samples. 25358166 5 65 theme tea 1044:1046 arg1 walls 1053:1057 both healthy and infected tea cell walls 1018:1057 both healthy and infected tea cell walls 1018:1057 Subsequently, chemical imaging of both healthy and infected tea cell walls were realized based on Raman fingerprint spectra of cellulose and microscopic spatial structure. 25358166 2 66 theme healthy 294:300 arg1 tissues 322:328 both healthy and infected sample tissues 289:328 both healthy and infected sample tissues 289:328 Firstly, Raman spectra of both healthy and infected sample tissues were collected with spatial resolution at micron-level, and ultrastructure of healthy and infected tea cells was got from scanning electron microscope. 25358166 8 67 theme Raman 1549:1553 arg1 microscopy 1555:1564 confocal Raman microscopy 1540:1564 confocal Raman microscopy in phytopathology 1540:1582 This research firstly applied confocal Raman microscopy in phytopathology for the study of interactive relationship between host and pathogen, and it will also open a new way for intensive study of host-pathogen at cellular level. 25358166 3 68 theme great 631:635 arg1 differences 637:647 great differences 631:647 great differences 631:647 These results showed that there were significant changes in Raman shift and Raman intensity between healthy and infected cell walls, indicating that great differences occurred in chemical compositions of cell walls between healthy and infected samples. 25358166 3 69 theme cell 603:606 arg1 walls 608:612 healthy and infected cell walls 582:612 healthy and infected cell walls 582:612 These results showed that there were significant changes in Raman shift and Raman intensity between healthy and infected cell walls, indicating that great differences occurred in chemical compositions of cell walls between healthy and infected samples. 25358166 1 70 theme chemical 211:218 arg1 changes 220:226 chemical changes 211:226 chemical changes of cell wall in the present paper 211:260 Healthy tea and tea infected by anthracnose were first studied by confocal Raman microscopy to illustrate chemical changes of cell wall in the present paper. 25358166 5 71 theme healthy 1023:1029 arg1 walls 1053:1057 both healthy and infected tea cell walls 1018:1057 both healthy and infected tea cell walls 1018:1057 Subsequently, chemical imaging of both healthy and infected tea cell walls were realized based on Raman fingerprint spectra of cellulose and microscopic spatial structure. 25358166 3 72 theme healthy 582:588 arg1 walls 608:612 healthy and infected cell walls 582:612 healthy and infected cell walls 582:612 These results showed that there were significant changes in Raman shift and Raman intensity between healthy and infected cell walls, indicating that great differences occurred in chemical compositions of cell walls between healthy and infected samples. 25358166 4 73 from bands 773:777 arg1 intensities 747:757 intensities 747:757 intensities at many Raman bands which were closely associated with cellulose, pectin, esters 747:838 In details, intensities at many Raman bands which were closely associated with cellulose, pectin, esters were reduced after infection, revealing that the content of chemical compounds such as cellulose, pectin, esters was decreased after infection. 25358166 8 74 theme relationship 1613:1624 arg1 study 1592:1596 the study 1588:1596 the study of interactive relationship between host and pathogen 1588:1650 This research firstly applied confocal Raman microscopy in phytopathology for the study of interactive relationship between host and pathogen, and it will also open a new way for intensive study of host-pathogen at cellular level. 25358166 0 75 theme wall 44:47 arg1 changes 24:30 the chemical changes 11:30 the chemical changes of tea cell wall induced by anthracnose with confocal Raman microscopy 11:101 [Revealing the chemical changes of tea cell wall induced by anthracnose with confocal Raman microscopy]. 25358166 7 76 theme cell 1427:1430 arg1 wall 1432:1435 cell wall 1427:1435 cell wall of tea caused by anthracnose without any chemical treatment or staining 1427:1507 Thus, confocal Raman microscopy was shown to be a powerful tool to detect the chemical changes in cell wall of tea caused by anthracnose without any chemical treatment or staining. 25358166 4 77 theme compounds 909:917 arg1 content 889:895 the content 885:895 the content of chemical compounds such as cellulose, pectin, esters 885:951 In details, intensities at many Raman bands which were closely associated with cellulose, pectin, esters were reduced after infection, revealing that the content of chemical compounds such as cellulose, pectin, esters was decreased after infection. 25331352 17 0 theme novel 2534:2538 arg1 approach 2540:2547 a novel approach 2532:2547 a novel approach for tissue-engineered skin substitutes 2532:2586 This may be a novel approach for tissue-engineered skin substitutes. 25331352 17 0 theme novel 2534:2538 arg1 This 2520:2523 This 2520:2523 This 2520:2523 This may be a novel approach for tissue-engineered skin substitutes. 25331352 2 1 theme hair 402:405 arg1 HFSCs 428:432 HFSCs 428:432 HFSCs 428:432 The purpose was to investigate the effect of genetically-modified hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs), combined with Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds, on the vascularization of tissue-engineered skin. 25331352 2 1 theme hair 402:405 arg1 cells 421:425 genetically-modified hair follicle stem cells 381:425 genetically-modified hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) 381:433 The purpose was to investigate the effect of genetically-modified hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs), combined with Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds, on the vascularization of tissue-engineered skin. 25331352 4 2 theme 165 648:650 arg1 rHFSCs 677:682 rHFSCs 677:682 rHFSCs 677:682 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 165 gene-modified rat HFSCs (rHFSCs) were inoculated into the scaffolds and cultured for 7 days. 25331352 4 2 theme 165 648:650 arg1 HFSCs 670:674 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 165 gene-modified rat HFSCs 606:674 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 165 gene-modified rat HFSCs (rHFSCs) 606:683 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 165 gene-modified rat HFSCs (rHFSCs) were inoculated into the scaffolds and cultured for 7 days. 25331352 1 3 theme bio 315:317 arg1 skin 319:322 a suitable bio skin substitute 304:333 a suitable bio skin substitute 304:333 INTRODUCTION In the field of skin tissue engineering, gelatin-chondroitin-6-sulfate-hyaluronic acid (Gel-C6S-HA) stents are a suitable bio skin substitute. 25331352 1 3 theme bio 315:317 arg1 stents 293:298 INTRODUCTION In the field of skin tissue engineering, gelatin-chondroitin-6-sulfate-hyaluronic acid (Gel-C6S-HA) stents 180:298 INTRODUCTION In the field of skin tissue engineering, gelatin-chondroitin-6-sulfate-hyaluronic acid (Gel-C6S-HA) stents 180:298 INTRODUCTION In the field of skin tissue engineering, gelatin-chondroitin-6-sulfate-hyaluronic acid (Gel-C6S-HA) stents are a suitable bio skin substitute. 25331352 16 4 theme skin 2320:2323 arg1 constructs 2325:2334 Tissue-engineered skin constructs 2302:2334 Tissue-engineered skin constructs 2302:2334 CONCLUSIONS Tissue-engineered skin constructs, using 3D Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds seeded with VEGF165-modified rHFSCs, resulted in promotion of angiogenesis during wound healing and facilitation of vascularization in skin substitutes. 25331352 14 5 theme vessels 2055:2061 arg1 number 2035:2040 the number 2031:2040 the number of new blood vessels formed within the skin 2031:2084 Therefore, the number of new blood vessels formed within the skin substitutes was greatest in Group A, followed by Group B. 25331352 14 6 theme new 2045:2047 arg1 vessels 2055:2061 new blood vessels 2045:2061 new blood vessels formed within the skin 2045:2084 Therefore, the number of new blood vessels formed within the skin substitutes was greatest in Group A, followed by Group B. 25331352 1 7 theme tissue 214:219 arg1 engineering 221:231 skin tissue engineering 209:231 skin tissue engineering 209:231 INTRODUCTION In the field of skin tissue engineering, gelatin-chondroitin-6-sulfate-hyaluronic acid (Gel-C6S-HA) stents are a suitable bio skin substitute. 25331352 6 8 theme empty 988:992 arg1 vector 994:999 empty vector 988:999 empty vector seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds 988:1032 Rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group A, HFSCs transduced with VEGF165 seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group B, HFSCs transduced with empty vector seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group C, Gel-C6S-HA scaffold only; Group D, Vaseline gauze dressing. 25331352 3 9 theme Gel-C6S-HA 553:562 arg1 scaffolds 564:572 Three-dimensional (3D) Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds 530:572 METHODS Three-dimensional (3D) Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds 522:572 METHODS Three-dimensional (3D) Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds were prepared by freeze-drying. 25331352 8 10 theme density 1427:1433 arg1 count 1441:1445 microvessel density (MVD) count 1415:1445 microvessel density (MVD) count 1415:1445 Wound healing was assessed and compared among groups according to hematoxylin-eosin staining, CD31 expression, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) immunohistochemistry, and microvessel density (MVD) count, to evaluate the new blood vessels. 25331352 5 11 theme full-thickness 759:772 arg1 defects 779:785 Two bilateral full-thickness skin defects 745:785 Two bilateral full-thickness skin defects 745:785 Two bilateral full-thickness skin defects were created on the back of 18 Sprague-Dawley rats. 25331352 15 12 theme vessels 2204:2210 arg1 vessels 2204:2210 mature subcutaneous blood vessels 2178:2210 mature subcutaneous blood vessels 2178:2210 In Group C, only trace amounts of mature subcutaneous blood vessels were observed, and few subcutaneous tissue cells migrated into the scaffolds. 25331352 15 12 theme vessels 2204:2210 arg1 amounts 2167:2173 only trace amounts 2156:2173 only trace amounts of mature subcutaneous blood vessels 2156:2210 In Group C, only trace amounts of mature subcutaneous blood vessels were observed, and few subcutaneous tissue cells migrated into the scaffolds. 25331352 12 13 theme Group 1882:1886 arg1 A 1888:1888 Group A 1882:1888 Group A (P <0.05) 1882:1898 After 14 and 21 days, the highest rate of wound healing was observed in Group A (P <0.05). 25331352 12 13 theme Group 1882:1886 arg1 <0.05 1893:1897 P <0.05 1891:1897 P <0.05 1891:1897 After 14 and 21 days, the highest rate of wound healing was observed in Group A (P <0.05). 25331352 11 14 from difference 1690:1699 arg1 adherence 1722:1730 adherence 1722:1730 adherence 1722:1730 No significant difference in rHFSC morphology, adherence and proliferative capacity was found before and after transfection (P >0.05). 25331352 11 14 from difference 1690:1699 arg1 capacity 1750:1757 proliferative capacity 1736:1757 proliferative capacity 1736:1757 No significant difference in rHFSC morphology, adherence and proliferative capacity was found before and after transfection (P >0.05). 25331352 11 14 from difference 1690:1699 arg1 morphology 1710:1719 rHFSC morphology 1704:1719 rHFSC morphology 1704:1719 No significant difference in rHFSC morphology, adherence and proliferative capacity was found before and after transfection (P >0.05). 25331352 8 15 theme CD31 1285:1288 arg1 expression 1290:1299 CD31 expression 1285:1299 CD31 expression 1285:1299 Wound healing was assessed and compared among groups according to hematoxylin-eosin staining, CD31 expression, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) immunohistochemistry, and microvessel density (MVD) count, to evaluate the new blood vessels. 25331352 15 16 theme subcutaneous 2185:2196 arg1 vessels 2204:2210 mature subcutaneous blood vessels 2178:2210 mature subcutaneous blood vessels 2178:2210 In Group C, only trace amounts of mature subcutaneous blood vessels were observed, and few subcutaneous tissue cells migrated into the scaffolds. 25331352 6 17 theme Group 957:961 arg1 HFSCs 966:970 HFSCs 966:970 HFSCs transduced with empty vector seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds 966:1032 Rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group A, HFSCs transduced with VEGF165 seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group B, HFSCs transduced with empty vector seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group C, Gel-C6S-HA scaffold only; Group D, Vaseline gauze dressing. 25331352 6 17 theme Group 957:961 arg1 B 963:963 Group B 957:963 Group B 957:963 Rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group A, HFSCs transduced with VEGF165 seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group B, HFSCs transduced with empty vector seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group C, Gel-C6S-HA scaffold only; Group D, Vaseline gauze dressing. 25331352 11 18 theme rHFSC 1704:1708 arg1 morphology 1710:1719 rHFSC morphology 1704:1719 rHFSC morphology 1704:1719 No significant difference in rHFSC morphology, adherence and proliferative capacity was found before and after transfection (P >0.05). 25331352 13 19 theme Group 2001:2005 arg1 A 2007:2007 Group A 2001:2007 Group A (P <0.05) 2001:2017 Histological and immunological examination showed that after 21 days, MVD also reached a maximum in Group A (P <0.05). 25331352 13 19 theme Group 2001:2005 arg1 <0.05 2012:2016 P <0.05 2010:2016 P <0.05 2010:2016 Histological and immunological examination showed that after 21 days, MVD also reached a maximum in Group A (P <0.05). 25331352 16 20 theme Tissue-engineered 2302:2318 arg1 constructs 2325:2334 Tissue-engineered skin constructs 2302:2334 Tissue-engineered skin constructs 2302:2334 CONCLUSIONS Tissue-engineered skin constructs, using 3D Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds seeded with VEGF165-modified rHFSCs, resulted in promotion of angiogenesis during wound healing and facilitation of vascularization in skin substitutes. 25331352 8 21 theme smooth 1308:1313 arg1 α-SMA 1329:1333 α-SMA 1329:1333 α-SMA 1329:1333 Wound healing was assessed and compared among groups according to hematoxylin-eosin staining, CD31 expression, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) immunohistochemistry, and microvessel density (MVD) count, to evaluate the new blood vessels. 25331352 8 21 theme smooth 1308:1313 arg1 actin 1322:1326 alpha smooth muscle actin 1302:1326 alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) 1302:1334 Wound healing was assessed and compared among groups according to hematoxylin-eosin staining, CD31 expression, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) immunohistochemistry, and microvessel density (MVD) count, to evaluate the new blood vessels. 25331352 9 22 theme Gel-C6S-HA 1508:1517 arg1 scaffold 1519:1526 the Gel-C6S-HA scaffold 1504:1526 the Gel-C6S-HA scaffold was spongy and 3D 1504:1544 RESULTS SEM revealed the Gel-C6S-HA scaffold was spongy and 3D, with an average pore diameter of 133.23 ± 43.36 μm. 25331352 0 23 theme factor 95:100 arg1 165 102:104 vascular endothelial growth factor 165 67:104 vascular endothelial growth factor 165 modified hair follicle stem cells as a three-dimensional skin substitute 67:177 Gelatin-chondroitin-6-sulfate-hyaluronic acid scaffold seeded with vascular endothelial growth factor 165 modified hair follicle stem cells as a three-dimensional skin substitute. 25331352 1 24 theme INTRODUCTION 180:191 arg1 skin 319:322 a suitable bio skin substitute 304:333 a suitable bio skin substitute 304:333 INTRODUCTION In the field of skin tissue engineering, gelatin-chondroitin-6-sulfate-hyaluronic acid (Gel-C6S-HA) stents are a suitable bio skin substitute. 25331352 1 24 theme INTRODUCTION 180:191 arg1 stents 293:298 INTRODUCTION In the field of skin tissue engineering, gelatin-chondroitin-6-sulfate-hyaluronic acid (Gel-C6S-HA) stents 180:298 INTRODUCTION In the field of skin tissue engineering, gelatin-chondroitin-6-sulfate-hyaluronic acid (Gel-C6S-HA) stents 180:298 INTRODUCTION In the field of skin tissue engineering, gelatin-chondroitin-6-sulfate-hyaluronic acid (Gel-C6S-HA) stents are a suitable bio skin substitute. 25331352 8 25 theme actin 1322:1326 arg1 immunohistochemistry 1389:1408 alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) immunohistochemistry 1302:1408 alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) immunohistochemistry 1302:1408 Wound healing was assessed and compared among groups according to hematoxylin-eosin staining, CD31 expression, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) immunohistochemistry, and microvessel density (MVD) count, to evaluate the new blood vessels. 25331352 6 26 theme Gel-C6S-HA 1013:1022 arg1 scaffolds 1024:1032 Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds 1013:1032 Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds 1013:1032 Rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group A, HFSCs transduced with VEGF165 seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group B, HFSCs transduced with empty vector seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group C, Gel-C6S-HA scaffold only; Group D, Vaseline gauze dressing. 25331352 14 27 dep substitutes 2086:2096 arg1 greatest 2102:2109 greatest 2102:2109 greatest 2102:2109 Therefore, the number of new blood vessels formed within the skin substitutes was greatest in Group A, followed by Group B. 25331352 8 28 theme blood 1468:1472 arg1 vessels 1474:1480 the new blood vessels 1460:1480 the new blood vessels 1460:1480 Wound healing was assessed and compared among groups according to hematoxylin-eosin staining, CD31 expression, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) immunohistochemistry, and microvessel density (MVD) count, to evaluate the new blood vessels. 25331352 9 29 dep RESULTS 1483:1489 arg1 revealed 1495:1502 revealed 1495:1502 revealed 1495:1502 RESULTS SEM revealed the Gel-C6S-HA scaffold was spongy and 3D, with an average pore diameter of 133.23 ± 43.36 μm. 25331352 0 30 theme follicle 120:127 arg1 cells 134:138 hair follicle stem cells 115:138 hair follicle stem cells 115:138 Gelatin-chondroitin-6-sulfate-hyaluronic acid scaffold seeded with vascular endothelial growth factor 165 modified hair follicle stem cells as a three-dimensional skin substitute. 25331352 15 31 theme subcutaneous 2235:2246 arg1 cells 2255:2259 few subcutaneous tissue cells 2231:2259 few subcutaneous tissue cells 2231:2259 In Group C, only trace amounts of mature subcutaneous blood vessels were observed, and few subcutaneous tissue cells migrated into the scaffolds. 25331352 12 32 theme wound 1852:1856 arg1 healing 1858:1864 wound healing 1852:1864 wound healing 1852:1864 After 14 and 21 days, the highest rate of wound healing was observed in Group A (P <0.05). 25331352 3 33 dep Three-dimensional 530:546 arg1 3D 549:550 3D 549:550 3D 549:550 METHODS Three-dimensional (3D) Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds were prepared by freeze-drying. 25331352 16 34 theme wound 2449:2453 arg1 healing 2455:2461 wound healing 2449:2461 wound healing 2449:2461 CONCLUSIONS Tissue-engineered skin constructs, using 3D Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds seeded with VEGF165-modified rHFSCs, resulted in promotion of angiogenesis during wound healing and facilitation of vascularization in skin substitutes. 25331352 14 35 dep greatest 2102:2109 arg1 followed 2123:2130 followed 2123:2130 followed by Group B 2123:2141 Therefore, the number of new blood vessels formed within the skin substitutes was greatest in Group A, followed by Group B. 25331352 2 36 theme Gel-C6S-HA 450:459 arg1 scaffolds 461:469 Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds 450:469 Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds 450:469 The purpose was to investigate the effect of genetically-modified hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs), combined with Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds, on the vascularization of tissue-engineered skin. 25331352 14 37 theme Group 2135:2139 arg1 B 2141:2141 Group B 2135:2141 Group B 2135:2141 Therefore, the number of new blood vessels formed within the skin substitutes was greatest in Group A, followed by Group B. 25331352 4 38 theme growth 627:632 arg1 VEGF 642:645 VEGF 642:645 VEGF 642:645 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 165 gene-modified rat HFSCs (rHFSCs) were inoculated into the scaffolds and cultured for 7 days. 25331352 4 38 theme growth 627:632 arg1 factor 634:639 Vascular endothelial growth factor 606:639 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 165 gene-modified rat HFSCs (rHFSCs) 606:683 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 165 gene-modified rat HFSCs (rHFSCs) were inoculated into the scaffolds and cultured for 7 days. 25331352 8 39 theme histocompatibility 1346:1363 arg1 MHC-I 1382:1386 MHC-I 1382:1386 MHC-I 1382:1386 Wound healing was assessed and compared among groups according to hematoxylin-eosin staining, CD31 expression, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) immunohistochemistry, and microvessel density (MVD) count, to evaluate the new blood vessels. 25331352 8 39 theme histocompatibility 1346:1363 arg1 class 1373:1377 major histocompatibility complex class I 1340:1379 major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) 1340:1387 Wound healing was assessed and compared among groups according to hematoxylin-eosin staining, CD31 expression, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) immunohistochemistry, and microvessel density (MVD) count, to evaluate the new blood vessels. 25331352 0 40 theme Gelatin-chondroitin-6-sulfate-hyaluronic 0:39 arg1 scaffold 46:53 Gelatin-chondroitin-6-sulfate-hyaluronic acid scaffold 0:53 Gelatin-chondroitin-6-sulfate-hyaluronic acid scaffold 0:53 Gelatin-chondroitin-6-sulfate-hyaluronic acid scaffold seeded with vascular endothelial growth factor 165 modified hair follicle stem cells as a three-dimensional skin substitute. 25331352 6 41 theme Group 1070:1074 arg1 D 1076:1076 Group D 1070:1076 Group D 1070:1076 Rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group A, HFSCs transduced with VEGF165 seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group B, HFSCs transduced with empty vector seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group C, Gel-C6S-HA scaffold only; Group D, Vaseline gauze dressing. 25331352 4 42 theme Vascular 606:613 arg1 VEGF 642:645 VEGF 642:645 VEGF 642:645 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 165 gene-modified rat HFSCs (rHFSCs) were inoculated into the scaffolds and cultured for 7 days. 25331352 4 42 theme Vascular 606:613 arg1 factor 634:639 Vascular endothelial growth factor 606:639 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 165 gene-modified rat HFSCs (rHFSCs) 606:683 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 165 gene-modified rat HFSCs (rHFSCs) were inoculated into the scaffolds and cultured for 7 days. 25331352 8 43 theme class 1373:1377 arg1 immunohistochemistry 1389:1408 alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) immunohistochemistry 1302:1408 alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) immunohistochemistry 1302:1408 Wound healing was assessed and compared among groups according to hematoxylin-eosin staining, CD31 expression, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) immunohistochemistry, and microvessel density (MVD) count, to evaluate the new blood vessels. 25331352 10 44 theme adherent 1637:1644 arg1 growth 1646:1651 good adherent growth 1632:1651 good adherent growth 1632:1651 Cells seeded on scaffolds showed good adherent growth after 7 days culture. 25331352 16 45 dep skin 2502:2505 arg1 substitutes 2507:2517 substitutes 2507:2517 substitutes 2507:2517 CONCLUSIONS Tissue-engineered skin constructs, using 3D Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds seeded with VEGF165-modified rHFSCs, resulted in promotion of angiogenesis during wound healing and facilitation of vascularization in skin substitutes. 25331352 16 46 theme Gel-C6S-HA 2346:2355 arg1 scaffolds 2357:2365 3D Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds 2343:2365 3D Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds seeded with VEGF165-modified rHFSCs 2343:2401 CONCLUSIONS Tissue-engineered skin constructs, using 3D Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds seeded with VEGF165-modified rHFSCs, resulted in promotion of angiogenesis during wound healing and facilitation of vascularization in skin substitutes. 25331352 15 47 located observed 2217:2224 arg2 amounts 2167:2173 only trace amounts 2156:2173 only trace amounts of mature subcutaneous blood vessels 2156:2210 In Group C, only trace amounts of mature subcutaneous blood vessels were observed, and few subcutaneous tissue cells migrated into the scaffolds. 25331352 15 47 located observed 2217:2224 arg1 C 2153:2153 Group C 2147:2153 Group C 2147:2153 In Group C, only trace amounts of mature subcutaneous blood vessels were observed, and few subcutaneous tissue cells migrated into the scaffolds. 25331352 15 47 located observed 2217:2224 arg2 vessels 2204:2210 mature subcutaneous blood vessels 2178:2210 mature subcutaneous blood vessels 2178:2210 In Group C, only trace amounts of mature subcutaneous blood vessels were observed, and few subcutaneous tissue cells migrated into the scaffolds. 25331352 6 48 dep groups 876:881 arg1 A 890:890 Group A 884:890 Group A 884:890 Rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group A, HFSCs transduced with VEGF165 seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group B, HFSCs transduced with empty vector seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group C, Gel-C6S-HA scaffold only; Group D, Vaseline gauze dressing. 25331352 6 48 dep groups 876:881 arg1 dressing 1094:1101 Vaseline gauze dressing 1079:1101 Vaseline gauze dressing 1079:1101 Rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group A, HFSCs transduced with VEGF165 seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group B, HFSCs transduced with empty vector seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group C, Gel-C6S-HA scaffold only; Group D, Vaseline gauze dressing. 25331352 6 48 dep groups 876:881 arg1 HFSCs 893:897 HFSCs 893:897 HFSCs transduced with VEGF165 seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds 893:954 Rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group A, HFSCs transduced with VEGF165 seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group B, HFSCs transduced with empty vector seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group C, Gel-C6S-HA scaffold only; Group D, Vaseline gauze dressing. 25331352 5 49 theme Sprague-Dawley 818:831 arg1 rats 833:836 18 Sprague-Dawley rats 815:836 18 Sprague-Dawley rats 815:836 Two bilateral full-thickness skin defects were created on the back of 18 Sprague-Dawley rats. 25331352 6 50 theme Gel-C6S-HA 1044:1053 arg1 C 1041:1041 Group C 1035:1041 Group C 1035:1041 Rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group A, HFSCs transduced with VEGF165 seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group B, HFSCs transduced with empty vector seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group C, Gel-C6S-HA scaffold only; Group D, Vaseline gauze dressing. 25331352 6 50 theme Gel-C6S-HA 1044:1053 arg1 scaffold 1055:1062 Gel-C6S-HA scaffold 1044:1062 Gel-C6S-HA scaffold 1044:1062 Rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group A, HFSCs transduced with VEGF165 seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group B, HFSCs transduced with empty vector seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group C, Gel-C6S-HA scaffold only; Group D, Vaseline gauze dressing. 25331352 2 51 theme tissue-engineered 498:514 arg1 skin 516:519 tissue-engineered skin 498:519 tissue-engineered skin 498:519 The purpose was to investigate the effect of genetically-modified hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs), combined with Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds, on the vascularization of tissue-engineered skin. 25331352 2 52 theme genetically-modified 381:400 arg1 HFSCs 428:432 HFSCs 428:432 HFSCs 428:432 The purpose was to investigate the effect of genetically-modified hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs), combined with Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds, on the vascularization of tissue-engineered skin. 25331352 2 52 theme genetically-modified 381:400 arg1 cells 421:425 genetically-modified hair follicle stem cells 381:425 genetically-modified hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) 381:433 The purpose was to investigate the effect of genetically-modified hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs), combined with Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds, on the vascularization of tissue-engineered skin. 25331352 0 53 theme endothelial 76:86 arg1 165 102:104 vascular endothelial growth factor 165 67:104 vascular endothelial growth factor 165 modified hair follicle stem cells as a three-dimensional skin substitute 67:177 Gelatin-chondroitin-6-sulfate-hyaluronic acid scaffold seeded with vascular endothelial growth factor 165 modified hair follicle stem cells as a three-dimensional skin substitute. 25331352 16 54 theme VEGF165-modified 2379:2394 arg1 rHFSCs 2396:2401 VEGF165-modified rHFSCs 2379:2401 VEGF165-modified rHFSCs 2379:2401 CONCLUSIONS Tissue-engineered skin constructs, using 3D Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds seeded with VEGF165-modified rHFSCs, resulted in promotion of angiogenesis during wound healing and facilitation of vascularization in skin substitutes. 25331352 9 55 theme pore 1563:1566 arg1 diameter 1568:1575 an average pore diameter 1552:1575 an average pore diameter of 133.23 ± 43.36 μm 1552:1596 RESULTS SEM revealed the Gel-C6S-HA scaffold was spongy and 3D, with an average pore diameter of 133.23 ± 43.36 μm. 25331352 11 56 theme significant 1678:1688 arg1 difference 1690:1699 No significant difference 1675:1699 No significant difference in rHFSC morphology, adherence and proliferative capacity 1675:1757 No significant difference in rHFSC morphology, adherence and proliferative capacity was found before and after transfection (P >0.05). 25331352 11 57 theme P 1800:1800 arg1 transfection 1786:1797 transfection 1786:1797 transfection (P >0.05) 1786:1807 No significant difference in rHFSC morphology, adherence and proliferative capacity was found before and after transfection (P >0.05). 25331352 11 57 theme P 1800:1800 arg1 >0.05 1802:1806 P >0.05 1800:1806 P >0.05 1800:1806 No significant difference in rHFSC morphology, adherence and proliferative capacity was found before and after transfection (P >0.05). 25331352 15 58 theme trace 2161:2165 arg1 vessels 2204:2210 mature subcutaneous blood vessels 2178:2210 mature subcutaneous blood vessels 2178:2210 In Group C, only trace amounts of mature subcutaneous blood vessels were observed, and few subcutaneous tissue cells migrated into the scaffolds. 25331352 15 58 theme trace 2161:2165 arg1 amounts 2167:2173 only trace amounts 2156:2173 only trace amounts of mature subcutaneous blood vessels 2156:2210 In Group C, only trace amounts of mature subcutaneous blood vessels were observed, and few subcutaneous tissue cells migrated into the scaffolds. 25331352 4 59 theme gene-modified 652:664 arg1 rHFSCs 677:682 rHFSCs 677:682 rHFSCs 677:682 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 165 gene-modified rat HFSCs (rHFSCs) were inoculated into the scaffolds and cultured for 7 days. 25331352 4 59 theme gene-modified 652:664 arg1 HFSCs 670:674 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 165 gene-modified rat HFSCs 606:674 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 165 gene-modified rat HFSCs (rHFSCs) 606:683 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 165 gene-modified rat HFSCs (rHFSCs) were inoculated into the scaffolds and cultured for 7 days. 25331352 8 60 theme microvessel 1415:1425 arg1 MVD 1436:1438 MVD 1436:1438 MVD 1436:1438 Wound healing was assessed and compared among groups according to hematoxylin-eosin staining, CD31 expression, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) immunohistochemistry, and microvessel density (MVD) count, to evaluate the new blood vessels. 25331352 8 60 theme microvessel 1415:1425 arg1 density 1427:1433 microvessel density 1415:1433 microvessel density (MVD) count 1415:1445 Wound healing was assessed and compared among groups according to hematoxylin-eosin staining, CD31 expression, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) immunohistochemistry, and microvessel density (MVD) count, to evaluate the new blood vessels. 25331352 2 61 theme cells 421:425 arg1 effect 371:376 the effect 367:376 the effect of genetically-modified hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs), combined with Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds, on the vascularization of tissue-engineered skin 367:519 The purpose was to investigate the effect of genetically-modified hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs), combined with Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds, on the vascularization of tissue-engineered skin. 25331352 16 62 from vascularization 2483:2497 arg1 skin 2502:2505 skin substitutes 2502:2517 skin substitutes 2502:2517 CONCLUSIONS Tissue-engineered skin constructs, using 3D Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds seeded with VEGF165-modified rHFSCs, resulted in promotion of angiogenesis during wound healing and facilitation of vascularization in skin substitutes. 25331352 2 63 theme follicle 407:414 arg1 HFSCs 428:432 HFSCs 428:432 HFSCs 428:432 The purpose was to investigate the effect of genetically-modified hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs), combined with Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds, on the vascularization of tissue-engineered skin. 25331352 2 63 theme follicle 407:414 arg1 cells 421:425 genetically-modified hair follicle stem cells 381:425 genetically-modified hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) 381:433 The purpose was to investigate the effect of genetically-modified hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs), combined with Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds, on the vascularization of tissue-engineered skin. 25331352 15 64 theme Group 2147:2151 arg1 C 2153:2153 Group C 2147:2153 Group C 2147:2153 In Group C, only trace amounts of mature subcutaneous blood vessels were observed, and few subcutaneous tissue cells migrated into the scaffolds. 25331352 6 65 theme Gel-C6S-HA 935:944 arg1 scaffolds 946:954 Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds 935:954 Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds 935:954 Rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group A, HFSCs transduced with VEGF165 seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group B, HFSCs transduced with empty vector seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group C, Gel-C6S-HA scaffold only; Group D, Vaseline gauze dressing. 25331352 2 66 from effect 371:376 arg1 vascularization 479:493 the vascularization 475:493 the vascularization of tissue-engineered skin 475:519 The purpose was to investigate the effect of genetically-modified hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs), combined with Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds, on the vascularization of tissue-engineered skin. 25331352 6 67 theme gauze 1088:1092 arg1 A 890:890 Group A 884:890 Group A 884:890 Rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group A, HFSCs transduced with VEGF165 seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group B, HFSCs transduced with empty vector seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group C, Gel-C6S-HA scaffold only; Group D, Vaseline gauze dressing. 25331352 6 67 theme gauze 1088:1092 arg1 dressing 1094:1101 Vaseline gauze dressing 1079:1101 Vaseline gauze dressing 1079:1101 Rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group A, HFSCs transduced with VEGF165 seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group B, HFSCs transduced with empty vector seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group C, Gel-C6S-HA scaffold only; Group D, Vaseline gauze dressing. 25331352 16 68 from facilitation 2467:2478 arg1 skin 2502:2505 skin substitutes 2502:2517 skin substitutes 2502:2517 CONCLUSIONS Tissue-engineered skin constructs, using 3D Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds seeded with VEGF165-modified rHFSCs, resulted in promotion of angiogenesis during wound healing and facilitation of vascularization in skin substitutes. 25331352 1 69 theme suitable 306:313 arg1 skin 319:322 a suitable bio skin substitute 304:333 a suitable bio skin substitute 304:333 INTRODUCTION In the field of skin tissue engineering, gelatin-chondroitin-6-sulfate-hyaluronic acid (Gel-C6S-HA) stents are a suitable bio skin substitute. 25331352 1 69 theme suitable 306:313 arg1 stents 293:298 INTRODUCTION In the field of skin tissue engineering, gelatin-chondroitin-6-sulfate-hyaluronic acid (Gel-C6S-HA) stents 180:298 INTRODUCTION In the field of skin tissue engineering, gelatin-chondroitin-6-sulfate-hyaluronic acid (Gel-C6S-HA) stents 180:298 INTRODUCTION In the field of skin tissue engineering, gelatin-chondroitin-6-sulfate-hyaluronic acid (Gel-C6S-HA) stents are a suitable bio skin substitute. 25331352 10 70 theme days 1661:1664 arg1 culture 1666:1672 7 days culture 1659:1672 7 days culture 1659:1672 Cells seeded on scaffolds showed good adherent growth after 7 days culture. 25331352 14 71 theme blood 2049:2053 arg1 vessels 2055:2061 new blood vessels 2045:2061 new blood vessels formed within the skin 2045:2084 Therefore, the number of new blood vessels formed within the skin substitutes was greatest in Group A, followed by Group B. 25331352 16 72 from skin 2502:2505 arg1 facilitation 2467:2478 facilitation 2467:2478 facilitation of vascularization in skin substitutes 2467:2517 CONCLUSIONS Tissue-engineered skin constructs, using 3D Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds seeded with VEGF165-modified rHFSCs, resulted in promotion of angiogenesis during wound healing and facilitation of vascularization in skin substitutes. 25331352 16 72 from skin 2502:2505 arg1 healing 2455:2461 wound healing 2449:2461 wound healing 2449:2461 CONCLUSIONS Tissue-engineered skin constructs, using 3D Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds seeded with VEGF165-modified rHFSCs, resulted in promotion of angiogenesis during wound healing and facilitation of vascularization in skin substitutes. 25331352 1 73 theme skin 209:212 arg1 engineering 221:231 skin tissue engineering 209:231 skin tissue engineering 209:231 INTRODUCTION In the field of skin tissue engineering, gelatin-chondroitin-6-sulfate-hyaluronic acid (Gel-C6S-HA) stents are a suitable bio skin substitute. 25331352 17 74 dep skin 2571:2574 arg1 substitutes 2576:2586 substitutes 2576:2586 substitutes 2576:2586 This may be a novel approach for tissue-engineered skin substitutes. 25331352 0 75 theme three-dimensional 145:161 arg1 skin 163:166 a three-dimensional skin 143:166 a three-dimensional skin substitute 143:177 Gelatin-chondroitin-6-sulfate-hyaluronic acid scaffold seeded with vascular endothelial growth factor 165 modified hair follicle stem cells as a three-dimensional skin substitute. 25331352 1 76 theme engineering 221:231 arg1 field 200:204 the field 196:204 the field of skin tissue engineering 196:231 INTRODUCTION In the field of skin tissue engineering, gelatin-chondroitin-6-sulfate-hyaluronic acid (Gel-C6S-HA) stents are a suitable bio skin substitute. 25331352 12 77 theme P 1891:1891 arg1 A 1888:1888 Group A 1882:1888 Group A (P <0.05) 1882:1898 After 14 and 21 days, the highest rate of wound healing was observed in Group A (P <0.05). 25331352 12 77 theme P 1891:1891 arg1 <0.05 1893:1897 P <0.05 1891:1897 P <0.05 1891:1897 After 14 and 21 days, the highest rate of wound healing was observed in Group A (P <0.05). 25331352 16 78 theme vascularization 2483:2497 arg1 facilitation 2467:2478 facilitation 2467:2478 facilitation of vascularization in skin substitutes 2467:2517 CONCLUSIONS Tissue-engineered skin constructs, using 3D Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds seeded with VEGF165-modified rHFSCs, resulted in promotion of angiogenesis during wound healing and facilitation of vascularization in skin substitutes. 25331352 16 78 theme vascularization 2483:2497 arg1 healing 2455:2461 wound healing 2449:2461 wound healing 2449:2461 CONCLUSIONS Tissue-engineered skin constructs, using 3D Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds seeded with VEGF165-modified rHFSCs, resulted in promotion of angiogenesis during wound healing and facilitation of vascularization in skin substitutes. 25331352 5 79 theme bilateral 749:757 arg1 defects 779:785 Two bilateral full-thickness skin defects 745:785 Two bilateral full-thickness skin defects 745:785 Two bilateral full-thickness skin defects were created on the back of 18 Sprague-Dawley rats. 25331352 13 80 theme P 2010:2010 arg1 A 2007:2007 Group A 2001:2007 Group A (P <0.05) 2001:2017 Histological and immunological examination showed that after 21 days, MVD also reached a maximum in Group A (P <0.05). 25331352 13 80 theme P 2010:2010 arg1 <0.05 2012:2016 P <0.05 2010:2016 P <0.05 2010:2016 Histological and immunological examination showed that after 21 days, MVD also reached a maximum in Group A (P <0.05). 25331352 1 81 theme gelatin-chondroitin-6-sulfate-hyaluronic 234:273 arg1 INTRODUCTION 180:191 INTRODUCTION 180:191 INTRODUCTION In the field of skin tissue engineering 180:231 INTRODUCTION In the field of skin tissue engineering, gelatin-chondroitin-6-sulfate-hyaluronic acid (Gel-C6S-HA) stents are a suitable bio skin substitute. 25331352 1 81 theme gelatin-chondroitin-6-sulfate-hyaluronic 234:273 arg1 Gel-C6S-HA 281:290 Gel-C6S-HA 281:290 Gel-C6S-HA 281:290 INTRODUCTION In the field of skin tissue engineering, gelatin-chondroitin-6-sulfate-hyaluronic acid (Gel-C6S-HA) stents are a suitable bio skin substitute. 25331352 1 81 theme gelatin-chondroitin-6-sulfate-hyaluronic 234:273 arg1 acid 275:278 gelatin-chondroitin-6-sulfate-hyaluronic acid 234:278 gelatin-chondroitin-6-sulfate-hyaluronic acid (Gel-C6S-HA) 234:291 INTRODUCTION In the field of skin tissue engineering, gelatin-chondroitin-6-sulfate-hyaluronic acid (Gel-C6S-HA) stents are a suitable bio skin substitute. 25331352 8 82 theme Wound 1191:1195 arg1 healing 1197:1203 Wound healing 1191:1203 Wound healing 1191:1203 Wound healing was assessed and compared among groups according to hematoxylin-eosin staining, CD31 expression, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) immunohistochemistry, and microvessel density (MVD) count, to evaluate the new blood vessels. 25331352 16 83 theme angiogenesis 2429:2440 arg1 promotion 2416:2424 promotion 2416:2424 promotion of angiogenesis 2416:2440 CONCLUSIONS Tissue-engineered skin constructs, using 3D Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds seeded with VEGF165-modified rHFSCs, resulted in promotion of angiogenesis during wound healing and facilitation of vascularization in skin substitutes. 25331352 8 84 theme hematoxylin-eosin 1257:1273 arg1 staining 1275:1282 hematoxylin-eosin staining 1257:1282 hematoxylin-eosin staining 1257:1282 Wound healing was assessed and compared among groups according to hematoxylin-eosin staining, CD31 expression, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) immunohistochemistry, and microvessel density (MVD) count, to evaluate the new blood vessels. 25331352 5 85 theme skin 774:777 arg1 defects 779:785 Two bilateral full-thickness skin defects 745:785 Two bilateral full-thickness skin defects 745:785 Two bilateral full-thickness skin defects were created on the back of 18 Sprague-Dawley rats. 25331352 16 86 from healing 2455:2461 arg1 skin 2502:2505 skin substitutes 2502:2517 skin substitutes 2502:2517 CONCLUSIONS Tissue-engineered skin constructs, using 3D Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds seeded with VEGF165-modified rHFSCs, resulted in promotion of angiogenesis during wound healing and facilitation of vascularization in skin substitutes. 25331352 15 87 theme blood 2198:2202 arg1 vessels 2204:2210 mature subcutaneous blood vessels 2178:2210 mature subcutaneous blood vessels 2178:2210 In Group C, only trace amounts of mature subcutaneous blood vessels were observed, and few subcutaneous tissue cells migrated into the scaffolds. 25331352 17 88 theme tissue-engineered 2553:2569 arg1 skin 2571:2574 tissue-engineered skin substitutes 2553:2586 tissue-engineered skin substitutes 2553:2586 This may be a novel approach for tissue-engineered skin substitutes. 25331352 15 89 theme mature 2178:2183 arg1 vessels 2204:2210 mature subcutaneous blood vessels 2178:2210 mature subcutaneous blood vessels 2178:2210 In Group C, only trace amounts of mature subcutaneous blood vessels were observed, and few subcutaneous tissue cells migrated into the scaffolds. 25331352 6 90 theme Group 1035:1039 arg1 C 1041:1041 Group C 1035:1041 Group C 1035:1041 Rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group A, HFSCs transduced with VEGF165 seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group B, HFSCs transduced with empty vector seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group C, Gel-C6S-HA scaffold only; Group D, Vaseline gauze dressing. 25331352 6 90 theme Group 1035:1039 arg1 scaffold 1055:1062 Gel-C6S-HA scaffold 1044:1062 Gel-C6S-HA scaffold 1044:1062 Rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group A, HFSCs transduced with VEGF165 seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group B, HFSCs transduced with empty vector seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group C, Gel-C6S-HA scaffold only; Group D, Vaseline gauze dressing. 25331352 8 91 theme new 1464:1466 arg1 vessels 1474:1480 the new blood vessels 1460:1480 the new blood vessels 1460:1480 Wound healing was assessed and compared among groups according to hematoxylin-eosin staining, CD31 expression, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) immunohistochemistry, and microvessel density (MVD) count, to evaluate the new blood vessels. 25331352 8 92 theme alpha 1302:1306 arg1 α-SMA 1329:1333 α-SMA 1329:1333 α-SMA 1329:1333 Wound healing was assessed and compared among groups according to hematoxylin-eosin staining, CD31 expression, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) immunohistochemistry, and microvessel density (MVD) count, to evaluate the new blood vessels. 25331352 8 92 theme alpha 1302:1306 arg1 actin 1322:1326 alpha smooth muscle actin 1302:1326 alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) 1302:1334 Wound healing was assessed and compared among groups according to hematoxylin-eosin staining, CD31 expression, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) immunohistochemistry, and microvessel density (MVD) count, to evaluate the new blood vessels. 25331352 0 93 theme hair 115:118 arg1 cells 134:138 hair follicle stem cells 115:138 hair follicle stem cells 115:138 Gelatin-chondroitin-6-sulfate-hyaluronic acid scaffold seeded with vascular endothelial growth factor 165 modified hair follicle stem cells as a three-dimensional skin substitute. 25331352 1 94 dep skin 319:322 arg1 substitute 324:333 substitute 324:333 substitute 324:333 INTRODUCTION In the field of skin tissue engineering, gelatin-chondroitin-6-sulfate-hyaluronic acid (Gel-C6S-HA) stents are a suitable bio skin substitute. 25331352 8 95 theme muscle 1315:1320 arg1 α-SMA 1329:1333 α-SMA 1329:1333 α-SMA 1329:1333 Wound healing was assessed and compared among groups according to hematoxylin-eosin staining, CD31 expression, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) immunohistochemistry, and microvessel density (MVD) count, to evaluate the new blood vessels. 25331352 8 95 theme muscle 1315:1320 arg1 actin 1322:1326 alpha smooth muscle actin 1302:1326 alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) 1302:1334 Wound healing was assessed and compared among groups according to hematoxylin-eosin staining, CD31 expression, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) immunohistochemistry, and microvessel density (MVD) count, to evaluate the new blood vessels. 25331352 11 96 theme proliferative 1736:1748 arg1 capacity 1750:1757 proliferative capacity 1736:1757 proliferative capacity 1736:1757 No significant difference in rHFSC morphology, adherence and proliferative capacity was found before and after transfection (P >0.05). 25331352 0 97 theme stem 129:132 arg1 cells 134:138 hair follicle stem cells 115:138 hair follicle stem cells 115:138 Gelatin-chondroitin-6-sulfate-hyaluronic acid scaffold seeded with vascular endothelial growth factor 165 modified hair follicle stem cells as a three-dimensional skin substitute. 25331352 12 98 theme healing 1858:1864 arg1 rate 1844:1847 the highest rate 1832:1847 the highest rate of wound healing 1832:1864 After 14 and 21 days, the highest rate of wound healing was observed in Group A (P <0.05). 25331352 3 99 dep METHODS 522:528 arg1 scaffolds 564:572 Three-dimensional (3D) Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds 530:572 METHODS Three-dimensional (3D) Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds 522:572 METHODS Three-dimensional (3D) Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds were prepared by freeze-drying. 25331352 0 100 dep cells 134:138 arg1 skin 163:166 a three-dimensional skin 143:166 a three-dimensional skin substitute 143:177 Gelatin-chondroitin-6-sulfate-hyaluronic acid scaffold seeded with vascular endothelial growth factor 165 modified hair follicle stem cells as a three-dimensional skin substitute. 25331352 15 101 theme tissue 2248:2253 arg1 cells 2255:2259 few subcutaneous tissue cells 2231:2259 few subcutaneous tissue cells 2231:2259 In Group C, only trace amounts of mature subcutaneous blood vessels were observed, and few subcutaneous tissue cells migrated into the scaffolds. 25331352 1 102 from INTRODUCTION 180:191 arg1 field 200:204 the field 196:204 the field of skin tissue engineering 196:231 INTRODUCTION In the field of skin tissue engineering, gelatin-chondroitin-6-sulfate-hyaluronic acid (Gel-C6S-HA) stents are a suitable bio skin substitute. 25331352 6 103 theme Vaseline 1079:1086 arg1 A 890:890 Group A 884:890 Group A 884:890 Rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group A, HFSCs transduced with VEGF165 seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group B, HFSCs transduced with empty vector seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group C, Gel-C6S-HA scaffold only; Group D, Vaseline gauze dressing. 25331352 6 103 theme Vaseline 1079:1086 arg1 dressing 1094:1101 Vaseline gauze dressing 1079:1101 Vaseline gauze dressing 1079:1101 Rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group A, HFSCs transduced with VEGF165 seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group B, HFSCs transduced with empty vector seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group C, Gel-C6S-HA scaffold only; Group D, Vaseline gauze dressing. 25331352 0 104 theme acid 41:44 arg1 scaffold 46:53 Gelatin-chondroitin-6-sulfate-hyaluronic acid scaffold 0:53 Gelatin-chondroitin-6-sulfate-hyaluronic acid scaffold 0:53 Gelatin-chondroitin-6-sulfate-hyaluronic acid scaffold seeded with vascular endothelial growth factor 165 modified hair follicle stem cells as a three-dimensional skin substitute. 25331352 15 105 theme few 2231:2233 arg1 cells 2255:2259 few subcutaneous tissue cells 2231:2259 few subcutaneous tissue cells 2231:2259 In Group C, only trace amounts of mature subcutaneous blood vessels were observed, and few subcutaneous tissue cells migrated into the scaffolds. 25331352 12 106 theme highest 1836:1842 arg1 rate 1844:1847 the highest rate 1832:1847 the highest rate of wound healing 1832:1864 After 14 and 21 days, the highest rate of wound healing was observed in Group A (P <0.05). 25331352 16 107 dep CONCLUSIONS 2290:2300 arg1 resulted 2404:2411 resulted 2404:2411 resulted in promotion of angiogenesis during wound healing and facilitation of vascularization in skin substitutes 2404:2517 CONCLUSIONS Tissue-engineered skin constructs, using 3D Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds seeded with VEGF165-modified rHFSCs, resulted in promotion of angiogenesis during wound healing and facilitation of vascularization in skin substitutes. 25331352 0 108 theme substitute 168:177 arg1 skin 163:166 a three-dimensional skin 143:166 a three-dimensional skin substitute 143:177 Gelatin-chondroitin-6-sulfate-hyaluronic acid scaffold seeded with vascular endothelial growth factor 165 modified hair follicle stem cells as a three-dimensional skin substitute. 25331352 4 109 theme endothelial 615:625 arg1 VEGF 642:645 VEGF 642:645 VEGF 642:645 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 165 gene-modified rat HFSCs (rHFSCs) were inoculated into the scaffolds and cultured for 7 days. 25331352 4 109 theme endothelial 615:625 arg1 factor 634:639 Vascular endothelial growth factor 606:639 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 165 gene-modified rat HFSCs (rHFSCs) 606:683 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 165 gene-modified rat HFSCs (rHFSCs) were inoculated into the scaffolds and cultured for 7 days. 25331352 8 110 theme major 1340:1344 arg1 MHC-I 1382:1386 MHC-I 1382:1386 MHC-I 1382:1386 Wound healing was assessed and compared among groups according to hematoxylin-eosin staining, CD31 expression, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) immunohistochemistry, and microvessel density (MVD) count, to evaluate the new blood vessels. 25331352 8 110 theme major 1340:1344 arg1 class 1373:1377 major histocompatibility complex class I 1340:1379 major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) 1340:1387 Wound healing was assessed and compared among groups according to hematoxylin-eosin staining, CD31 expression, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) immunohistochemistry, and microvessel density (MVD) count, to evaluate the new blood vessels. 25331352 4 111 theme factor 634:639 arg1 rHFSCs 677:682 rHFSCs 677:682 rHFSCs 677:682 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 165 gene-modified rat HFSCs (rHFSCs) were inoculated into the scaffolds and cultured for 7 days. 25331352 4 111 theme factor 634:639 arg1 HFSCs 670:674 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 165 gene-modified rat HFSCs 606:674 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 165 gene-modified rat HFSCs (rHFSCs) 606:683 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 165 gene-modified rat HFSCs (rHFSCs) were inoculated into the scaffolds and cultured for 7 days. 25331352 8 112 theme complex 1365:1371 arg1 MHC-I 1382:1386 MHC-I 1382:1386 MHC-I 1382:1386 Wound healing was assessed and compared among groups according to hematoxylin-eosin staining, CD31 expression, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) immunohistochemistry, and microvessel density (MVD) count, to evaluate the new blood vessels. 25331352 8 112 theme complex 1365:1371 arg1 class 1373:1377 major histocompatibility complex class I 1340:1379 major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) 1340:1387 Wound healing was assessed and compared among groups according to hematoxylin-eosin staining, CD31 expression, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) immunohistochemistry, and microvessel density (MVD) count, to evaluate the new blood vessels. 25331352 14 113 theme Group 2114:2118 arg1 A 2120:2120 Group A 2114:2120 Group A 2114:2120 Therefore, the number of new blood vessels formed within the skin substitutes was greatest in Group A, followed by Group B. 25331352 10 114 theme good 1632:1635 arg1 growth 1646:1651 good adherent growth 1632:1651 good adherent growth 1632:1651 Cells seeded on scaffolds showed good adherent growth after 7 days culture. 25331352 0 115 theme vascular 67:74 arg1 165 102:104 vascular endothelial growth factor 165 67:104 vascular endothelial growth factor 165 modified hair follicle stem cells as a three-dimensional skin substitute 67:177 Gelatin-chondroitin-6-sulfate-hyaluronic acid scaffold seeded with vascular endothelial growth factor 165 modified hair follicle stem cells as a three-dimensional skin substitute. 25331352 16 116 theme 3D 2343:2344 arg1 scaffolds 2357:2365 3D Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds 2343:2365 3D Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds seeded with VEGF165-modified rHFSCs 2343:2401 CONCLUSIONS Tissue-engineered skin constructs, using 3D Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds seeded with VEGF165-modified rHFSCs, resulted in promotion of angiogenesis during wound healing and facilitation of vascularization in skin substitutes. 25331352 2 117 theme skin 516:519 arg1 vascularization 479:493 the vascularization 475:493 the vascularization of tissue-engineered skin 475:519 The purpose was to investigate the effect of genetically-modified hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs), combined with Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds, on the vascularization of tissue-engineered skin. 25331352 6 118 dep A 890:890 arg1 D 1076:1076 Group D 1070:1076 Group D 1070:1076 Rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group A, HFSCs transduced with VEGF165 seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group B, HFSCs transduced with empty vector seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group C, Gel-C6S-HA scaffold only; Group D, Vaseline gauze dressing. 25331352 6 118 dep A 890:890 arg1 HFSCs 966:970 HFSCs 966:970 HFSCs transduced with empty vector seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds 966:1032 Rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group A, HFSCs transduced with VEGF165 seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group B, HFSCs transduced with empty vector seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group C, Gel-C6S-HA scaffold only; Group D, Vaseline gauze dressing. 25331352 6 118 dep A 890:890 arg1 C 1041:1041 Group C 1035:1041 Group C 1035:1041 Rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group A, HFSCs transduced with VEGF165 seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group B, HFSCs transduced with empty vector seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group C, Gel-C6S-HA scaffold only; Group D, Vaseline gauze dressing. 25331352 6 118 dep A 890:890 arg1 B 963:963 Group B 957:963 Group B 957:963 Rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group A, HFSCs transduced with VEGF165 seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group B, HFSCs transduced with empty vector seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group C, Gel-C6S-HA scaffold only; Group D, Vaseline gauze dressing. 25331352 6 118 dep A 890:890 arg1 scaffold 1055:1062 Gel-C6S-HA scaffold 1044:1062 Gel-C6S-HA scaffold 1044:1062 Rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group A, HFSCs transduced with VEGF165 seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group B, HFSCs transduced with empty vector seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group C, Gel-C6S-HA scaffold only; Group D, Vaseline gauze dressing. 25331352 13 119 theme immunological 1918:1930 arg1 examination 1932:1942 Histological and immunological examination 1901:1942 Histological and immunological examination 1901:1942 Histological and immunological examination showed that after 21 days, MVD also reached a maximum in Group A (P <0.05). 25331352 0 120 theme growth 88:93 arg1 165 102:104 vascular endothelial growth factor 165 67:104 vascular endothelial growth factor 165 modified hair follicle stem cells as a three-dimensional skin substitute 67:177 Gelatin-chondroitin-6-sulfate-hyaluronic acid scaffold seeded with vascular endothelial growth factor 165 modified hair follicle stem cells as a three-dimensional skin substitute. 25331352 6 121 theme Group 884:888 arg1 A 890:890 Group A 884:890 Group A 884:890 Rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group A, HFSCs transduced with VEGF165 seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group B, HFSCs transduced with empty vector seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group C, Gel-C6S-HA scaffold only; Group D, Vaseline gauze dressing. 25331352 6 121 theme Group 884:888 arg1 dressing 1094:1101 Vaseline gauze dressing 1079:1101 Vaseline gauze dressing 1079:1101 Rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group A, HFSCs transduced with VEGF165 seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group B, HFSCs transduced with empty vector seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group C, Gel-C6S-HA scaffold only; Group D, Vaseline gauze dressing. 25331352 6 121 theme Group 884:888 arg1 HFSCs 893:897 HFSCs 893:897 HFSCs transduced with VEGF165 seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds 893:954 Rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group A, HFSCs transduced with VEGF165 seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group B, HFSCs transduced with empty vector seeded onto Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds; Group C, Gel-C6S-HA scaffold only; Group D, Vaseline gauze dressing. 25331352 9 122 theme average 1555:1561 arg1 diameter 1568:1575 an average pore diameter 1552:1575 an average pore diameter of 133.23 ± 43.36 μm 1552:1596 RESULTS SEM revealed the Gel-C6S-HA scaffold was spongy and 3D, with an average pore diameter of 133.23 ± 43.36 μm. 25331352 4 123 theme rat 666:668 arg1 rHFSCs 677:682 rHFSCs 677:682 rHFSCs 677:682 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 165 gene-modified rat HFSCs (rHFSCs) were inoculated into the scaffolds and cultured for 7 days. 25331352 4 123 theme rat 666:668 arg1 HFSCs 670:674 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 165 gene-modified rat HFSCs 606:674 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 165 gene-modified rat HFSCs (rHFSCs) 606:683 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 165 gene-modified rat HFSCs (rHFSCs) were inoculated into the scaffolds and cultured for 7 days. 25331352 12 124 located observed 1870:1877 arg2 rate 1844:1847 the highest rate 1832:1847 the highest rate of wound healing 1832:1864 After 14 and 21 days, the highest rate of wound healing was observed in Group A (P <0.05). 25331352 12 124 located observed 1870:1877 arg1 A 1888:1888 Group A 1882:1888 Group A (P <0.05) 1882:1898 After 14 and 21 days, the highest rate of wound healing was observed in Group A (P <0.05). 25331352 12 124 located observed 1870:1877 arg1 <0.05 1893:1897 P <0.05 1891:1897 P <0.05 1891:1897 After 14 and 21 days, the highest rate of wound healing was observed in Group A (P <0.05). 25331352 3 125 theme Three-dimensional 530:546 arg1 scaffolds 564:572 Three-dimensional (3D) Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds 530:572 METHODS Three-dimensional (3D) Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds 522:572 METHODS Three-dimensional (3D) Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds were prepared by freeze-drying. 25331352 9 126 theme 133.23 ± 43.36 1580:1593 arg1 diameter 1568:1575 an average pore diameter 1552:1575 an average pore diameter of 133.23 ± 43.36 μm 1552:1596 RESULTS SEM revealed the Gel-C6S-HA scaffold was spongy and 3D, with an average pore diameter of 133.23 ± 43.36 μm. 25331352 13 127 theme Histological 1901:1912 arg1 examination 1932:1942 Histological and immunological examination 1901:1942 Histological and immunological examination 1901:1942 Histological and immunological examination showed that after 21 days, MVD also reached a maximum in Group A (P <0.05). 25331352 2 128 theme stem 416:419 arg1 HFSCs 428:432 HFSCs 428:432 HFSCs 428:432 The purpose was to investigate the effect of genetically-modified hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs), combined with Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds, on the vascularization of tissue-engineered skin. 25331352 2 128 theme stem 416:419 arg1 cells 421:425 genetically-modified hair follicle stem cells 381:425 genetically-modified hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) 381:433 The purpose was to investigate the effect of genetically-modified hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs), combined with Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds, on the vascularization of tissue-engineered skin. 24832986 5 0 theme films 674:678 arg1 structure 653:661 The amorphous structure 639:661 The amorphous structure of polymer films 639:678 The amorphous structure of polymer films was not changed by the incorporation of GSE. 24832986 2 1 from compounds 448:456 arg1 GSE 465:467 the GSE 461:467 the GSE 461:467 The carrageenan/GSE composite films appeared yellowish tint due to the polyphenolic compounds in the GSE. 24832986 1 2 theme fruit 189:193 arg1 GSE 209:211 GSE 209:211 GSE 209:211 Carrageenan-based antimicrobial films were developed by incorporation of grape fruit seed extract (GSE) at different concentration into the polymer using a solvent casing method and their physical, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties were examined. 24832986 1 2 theme fruit 189:193 arg1 extract 200:206 grape fruit seed extract 183:206 grape fruit seed extract (GSE) 183:212 Carrageenan-based antimicrobial films were developed by incorporation of grape fruit seed extract (GSE) at different concentration into the polymer using a solvent casing method and their physical, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties were examined. 24832986 9 3 theme great 1152:1156 arg1 activity 1172:1179 great antibacterial activity 1152:1179 great antibacterial activity against food borne pathogens 1152:1208 The carrageenan/GSE composite films exhibited great antibacterial activity against food borne pathogens. 24832986 1 4 theme solvent 266:272 arg1 method 281:286 a solvent casing method 264:286 a solvent casing method 264:286 Carrageenan-based antimicrobial films were developed by incorporation of grape fruit seed extract (GSE) at different concentration into the polymer using a solvent casing method and their physical, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties were examined. 24832986 0 5 theme active 92:97 arg1 packaging 99:107 active packaging 92:107 active packaging 92:107 Development and characterization of carrageenan/grapefruit seed extract composite films for active packaging. 24832986 2 6 theme carrageenan/GSE 368:382 arg1 films 394:398 The carrageenan/GSE composite films 364:398 The carrageenan/GSE composite films 364:398 The carrageenan/GSE composite films appeared yellowish tint due to the polyphenolic compounds in the GSE. 24832986 1 7 theme casing 274:279 arg1 method 281:286 a solvent casing method 264:286 a solvent casing method 264:286 Carrageenan-based antimicrobial films were developed by incorporation of grape fruit seed extract (GSE) at different concentration into the polymer using a solvent casing method and their physical, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties were examined. 24832986 3 8 theme films 560:564 arg1 section 545:551 the cross section 535:551 the cross section of the films 535:564 SEM analysis showed rough surface with sponge like structures on the cross section of the films. 24832986 9 9 theme borne 1194:1198 arg1 pathogens 1200:1208 food borne pathogens 1189:1208 food borne pathogens 1189:1208 The carrageenan/GSE composite films exhibited great antibacterial activity against food borne pathogens. 24832986 6 10 theme surface 808:814 arg1 hydrophilicity 816:829 surface hydrophilicity 808:829 surface hydrophilicity of the films 808:842 But, the addition of GSE increased moisture content, water vapor permeability, and surface hydrophilicity of the films. 24832986 2 11 theme composite 384:392 arg1 films 394:398 The carrageenan/GSE composite films 364:398 The carrageenan/GSE composite films 364:398 The carrageenan/GSE composite films appeared yellowish tint due to the polyphenolic compounds in the GSE. 24832986 10 12 theme active 1336:1341 arg1 applications 1358:1369 active food packaging applications 1336:1369 active food packaging applications 1336:1369 These results suggest that the carrageenan-based composite films have a high potential for being used as an antimicrobial or active food packaging applications. 24832986 4 13 theme good 602:605 arg1 compatibility 607:619 good compatibility 602:619 good compatibility 602:619 FT-IR results indicated at GSE had good compatibility with carrageenan. 24832986 5 14 theme amorphous 643:651 arg1 structure 653:661 The amorphous structure 639:661 The amorphous structure of polymer films 639:678 The amorphous structure of polymer films was not changed by the incorporation of GSE. 24832986 7 15 theme elastic 870:876 arg1 modulus 878:884 elastic modulus 870:884 elastic modulus 870:884 The tensile strength and elastic modulus decreased with increasing content of GSE, however, the elongation at break increased significantly up to 6.6μg/mL of GSE then decreased thereafter. 24832986 1 16 theme extract 200:206 arg1 incorporation 166:178 incorporation 166:178 incorporation of grape fruit seed extract (GSE) at different concentration into the polymer using a solvent casing method 166:286 Carrageenan-based antimicrobial films were developed by incorporation of grape fruit seed extract (GSE) at different concentration into the polymer using a solvent casing method and their physical, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties were examined. 24832986 10 17 theme carrageenan-based 1242:1258 arg1 films 1270:1274 the carrageenan-based composite films 1238:1274 the carrageenan-based composite films 1238:1274 These results suggest that the carrageenan-based composite films have a high potential for being used as an antimicrobial or active food packaging applications. 24832986 7 18 theme tensile 849:855 arg1 strength 857:864 The tensile strength 845:864 The tensile strength 845:864 The tensile strength and elastic modulus decreased with increasing content of GSE, however, the elongation at break increased significantly up to 6.6μg/mL of GSE then decreased thereafter. 24832986 3 19 theme SEM 470:472 arg1 analysis 474:481 SEM analysis 470:481 SEM analysis 470:481 SEM analysis showed rough surface with sponge like structures on the cross section of the films. 24832986 7 20 dep decreased 886:894 arg1 decreased 1012:1020 decreased 1012:1020 decreased thereafter 1012:1031 The tensile strength and elastic modulus decreased with increasing content of GSE, however, the elongation at break increased significantly up to 6.6μg/mL of GSE then decreased thereafter. 24832986 5 21 theme polymer 666:672 arg1 films 674:678 polymer films 666:678 polymer films 666:678 The amorphous structure of polymer films was not changed by the incorporation of GSE. 24832986 6 22 theme vapor 784:788 arg1 permeability 790:801 water vapor permeability 778:801 water vapor permeability 778:801 But, the addition of GSE increased moisture content, water vapor permeability, and surface hydrophilicity of the films. 24832986 1 23 theme Carrageenan-based 110:126 arg1 films 142:146 Carrageenan-based antimicrobial films 110:146 Carrageenan-based antimicrobial films 110:146 Carrageenan-based antimicrobial films were developed by incorporation of grape fruit seed extract (GSE) at different concentration into the polymer using a solvent casing method and their physical, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties were examined. 24832986 10 24 theme packaging 1348:1356 arg1 applications 1358:1369 active food packaging applications 1336:1369 active food packaging applications 1336:1369 These results suggest that the carrageenan-based composite films have a high potential for being used as an antimicrobial or active food packaging applications. 24832986 1 25 theme physical 298:305 arg1 properties 338:347 their physical, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties 292:347 their physical, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties 292:347 Carrageenan-based antimicrobial films were developed by incorporation of grape fruit seed extract (GSE) at different concentration into the polymer using a solvent casing method and their physical, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties were examined. 24832986 5 26 theme GSE 720:722 arg1 incorporation 703:715 the incorporation 699:715 the incorporation of GSE 699:722 The amorphous structure of polymer films was not changed by the incorporation of GSE. 24832986 3 27 from structures 521:530 arg1 section 545:551 the cross section 535:551 the cross section of the films 535:564 SEM analysis showed rough surface with sponge like structures on the cross section of the films. 24832986 1 28 theme antimicrobial 128:140 arg1 films 142:146 Carrageenan-based antimicrobial films 110:146 Carrageenan-based antimicrobial films 110:146 Carrageenan-based antimicrobial films were developed by incorporation of grape fruit seed extract (GSE) at different concentration into the polymer using a solvent casing method and their physical, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties were examined. 24832986 10 29 theme food 1343:1346 arg1 applications 1358:1369 active food packaging applications 1336:1369 active food packaging applications 1336:1369 These results suggest that the carrageenan-based composite films have a high potential for being used as an antimicrobial or active food packaging applications. 24832986 3 30 theme rough 490:494 arg1 surface 496:502 rough surface 490:502 rough surface 490:502 SEM analysis showed rough surface with sponge like structures on the cross section of the films. 24832986 7 31 theme GSE 1003:1005 arg1 6.6μg/mL 991:998 6.6μg/mL 991:998 6.6μg/mL of GSE 991:1005 The tensile strength and elastic modulus decreased with increasing content of GSE, however, the elongation at break increased significantly up to 6.6μg/mL of GSE then decreased thereafter. 24832986 1 32 theme seed 195:198 arg1 GSE 209:211 GSE 209:211 GSE 209:211 Carrageenan-based antimicrobial films were developed by incorporation of grape fruit seed extract (GSE) at different concentration into the polymer using a solvent casing method and their physical, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties were examined. 24832986 1 32 theme seed 195:198 arg1 extract 200:206 grape fruit seed extract 183:206 grape fruit seed extract (GSE) 183:212 Carrageenan-based antimicrobial films were developed by incorporation of grape fruit seed extract (GSE) at different concentration into the polymer using a solvent casing method and their physical, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties were examined. 24832986 9 33 theme carrageenan/GSE 1110:1124 arg1 films 1136:1140 The carrageenan/GSE composite films 1106:1140 The carrageenan/GSE composite films 1106:1140 The carrageenan/GSE composite films exhibited great antibacterial activity against food borne pathogens. 24832986 1 34 theme different 217:225 arg1 concentration 227:239 different concentration 217:239 different concentration 217:239 Carrageenan-based antimicrobial films were developed by incorporation of grape fruit seed extract (GSE) at different concentration into the polymer using a solvent casing method and their physical, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties were examined. 24832986 8 35 theme films 1059:1063 arg1 stability 1042:1050 Thermal stability 1034:1050 Thermal stability of the films 1034:1063 Thermal stability of the films was not influenced by GSE incorporation. 24832986 1 36 theme mechanical 308:317 arg1 properties 338:347 their physical, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties 292:347 their physical, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties 292:347 Carrageenan-based antimicrobial films were developed by incorporation of grape fruit seed extract (GSE) at different concentration into the polymer using a solvent casing method and their physical, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties were examined. 24832986 9 37 theme composite 1126:1134 arg1 films 1136:1140 The carrageenan/GSE composite films 1106:1140 The carrageenan/GSE composite films 1106:1140 The carrageenan/GSE composite films exhibited great antibacterial activity against food borne pathogens. 24832986 2 38 theme polyphenolic 435:446 arg1 compounds 448:456 the polyphenolic compounds 431:456 the polyphenolic compounds in the GSE 431:467 The carrageenan/GSE composite films appeared yellowish tint due to the polyphenolic compounds in the GSE. 24832986 0 39 theme carrageenan/grapefruit 36:57 arg1 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 Development and characterization of carrageenan/grapefruit seed extract composite films for active packaging. 24832986 0 39 theme carrageenan/grapefruit 36:57 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development and characterization of carrageenan/grapefruit seed extract composite films for active packaging. 24832986 8 40 theme GSE 1087:1089 arg1 incorporation 1091:1103 GSE incorporation 1087:1103 GSE incorporation 1087:1103 Thermal stability of the films was not influenced by GSE incorporation. 24832986 10 41 contain have 1276:1279 arg2 potential 1288:1296 a high potential 1281:1296 a high potential for being used as an antimicrobial or active food packaging applications 1281:1369 These results suggest that the carrageenan-based composite films have a high potential for being used as an antimicrobial or active food packaging applications. 24832986 10 41 contain have 1276:1279 arg1 films 1270:1274 the carrageenan-based composite films 1238:1274 the carrageenan-based composite films 1238:1274 These results suggest that the carrageenan-based composite films have a high potential for being used as an antimicrobial or active food packaging applications. 24832986 1 42 from concentration 227:239 arg1 incorporation 166:178 incorporation 166:178 incorporation of grape fruit seed extract (GSE) at different concentration into the polymer using a solvent casing method 166:286 Carrageenan-based antimicrobial films were developed by incorporation of grape fruit seed extract (GSE) at different concentration into the polymer using a solvent casing method and their physical, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties were examined. 24832986 0 43 theme composite 72:80 arg1 films 82:86 extract composite films 64:86 extract composite films 64:86 Development and characterization of carrageenan/grapefruit seed extract composite films for active packaging. 24832986 4 44 theme FT-IR 567:571 arg1 results 573:579 FT-IR results 567:579 FT-IR results indicated at GSE 567:596 FT-IR results indicated at GSE had good compatibility with carrageenan. 24832986 0 45 theme extract 64:70 arg1 films 82:86 extract composite films 64:86 extract composite films 64:86 Development and characterization of carrageenan/grapefruit seed extract composite films for active packaging. 24832986 1 46 theme antimicrobial 324:336 arg1 properties 338:347 their physical, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties 292:347 their physical, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties 292:347 Carrageenan-based antimicrobial films were developed by incorporation of grape fruit seed extract (GSE) at different concentration into the polymer using a solvent casing method and their physical, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties were examined. 24832986 8 47 theme Thermal 1034:1040 arg1 stability 1042:1050 Thermal stability 1034:1050 Thermal stability of the films 1034:1063 Thermal stability of the films was not influenced by GSE incorporation. 24832986 4 48 contain had 598:600 arg1 results 573:579 FT-IR results 567:579 FT-IR results indicated at GSE 567:596 FT-IR results indicated at GSE had good compatibility with carrageenan. 24832986 4 48 contain had 598:600 arg2 compatibility 607:619 good compatibility 602:619 good compatibility 602:619 FT-IR results indicated at GSE had good compatibility with carrageenan. 24832986 6 49 theme moisture 760:767 arg1 content 769:775 moisture content 760:775 moisture content 760:775 But, the addition of GSE increased moisture content, water vapor permeability, and surface hydrophilicity of the films. 24832986 7 50 theme GSE 923:925 arg1 content 912:918 content 912:918 content of GSE 912:925 The tensile strength and elastic modulus decreased with increasing content of GSE, however, the elongation at break increased significantly up to 6.6μg/mL of GSE then decreased thereafter. 24832986 6 51 theme water 778:782 arg1 permeability 790:801 water vapor permeability 778:801 water vapor permeability 778:801 But, the addition of GSE increased moisture content, water vapor permeability, and surface hydrophilicity of the films. 24832986 9 52 theme antibacterial 1158:1170 arg1 activity 1172:1179 great antibacterial activity 1152:1179 great antibacterial activity against food borne pathogens 1152:1208 The carrageenan/GSE composite films exhibited great antibacterial activity against food borne pathogens. 24832986 10 53 dep antimicrobial 1319:1331 arg1 an 1316:1317 an 1316:1317 an 1316:1317 These results suggest that the carrageenan-based composite films have a high potential for being used as an antimicrobial or active food packaging applications. 24832986 6 54 theme films 838:842 arg1 permeability 790:801 water vapor permeability 778:801 water vapor permeability 778:801 But, the addition of GSE increased moisture content, water vapor permeability, and surface hydrophilicity of the films. 24832986 6 54 theme films 838:842 arg1 hydrophilicity 816:829 surface hydrophilicity 808:829 surface hydrophilicity of the films 808:842 But, the addition of GSE increased moisture content, water vapor permeability, and surface hydrophilicity of the films. 24832986 6 54 theme films 838:842 arg1 content 769:775 moisture content 760:775 moisture content 760:775 But, the addition of GSE increased moisture content, water vapor permeability, and surface hydrophilicity of the films. 24832986 6 55 theme GSE 746:748 arg1 addition 734:741 the addition 730:741 the addition of GSE 730:748 But, the addition of GSE increased moisture content, water vapor permeability, and surface hydrophilicity of the films. 24832986 7 56 from break 955:959 arg1 elongation 941:950 the elongation 937:950 the elongation at break increased significantly up to 6.6μg/mL of GSE 937:1005 The tensile strength and elastic modulus decreased with increasing content of GSE, however, the elongation at break increased significantly up to 6.6μg/mL of GSE then decreased thereafter. 24832986 10 57 theme high 1283:1286 arg1 potential 1288:1296 a high potential 1281:1296 a high potential for being used as an antimicrobial or active food packaging applications 1281:1369 These results suggest that the carrageenan-based composite films have a high potential for being used as an antimicrobial or active food packaging applications. 24832986 3 58 theme cross 539:543 arg1 section 545:551 the cross section 535:551 the cross section of the films 535:564 SEM analysis showed rough surface with sponge like structures on the cross section of the films. 24832986 10 59 theme composite 1260:1268 arg1 films 1270:1274 the carrageenan-based composite films 1238:1274 the carrageenan-based composite films 1238:1274 These results suggest that the carrageenan-based composite films have a high potential for being used as an antimicrobial or active food packaging applications. 24832986 9 60 theme food 1189:1192 arg1 pathogens 1200:1208 food borne pathogens 1189:1208 food borne pathogens 1189:1208 The carrageenan/GSE composite films exhibited great antibacterial activity against food borne pathogens. 24832986 1 61 theme grape 183:187 arg1 GSE 209:211 GSE 209:211 GSE 209:211 Carrageenan-based antimicrobial films were developed by incorporation of grape fruit seed extract (GSE) at different concentration into the polymer using a solvent casing method and their physical, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties were examined. 24832986 1 61 theme grape 183:187 arg1 extract 200:206 grape fruit seed extract 183:206 grape fruit seed extract (GSE) 183:212 Carrageenan-based antimicrobial films were developed by incorporation of grape fruit seed extract (GSE) at different concentration into the polymer using a solvent casing method and their physical, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties were examined. 29509374 9 0 theme presowing 1264:1272 arg1 treatment 1274:1282 presowing treatment 1264:1282 presowing treatment of barley and wheat seeds with biofungicides 1264:1327 The exopolysaccharide was successfully tested as an adhesive for presowing treatment of barley and wheat seeds with biofungicides. 29509374 8 1 dep four 1134:1137 arg1 to 1131:1132 to 1131:1132 to 1131:1132 Based on the data from IR and NMR spectroscopy, it was shown to be a heteropolymer comprised of one to four linked α-L-guluronic acid and β-D-mannuronic acid residues. 29509374 3 2 theme acid 477:480 arg1 composition 482:492 the fatty acid composition 467:492 the fatty acid composition 467:492 Analysis of the cultural, morphological, physiological, and biochemical features and nucleotide sequences of the genes 16S rRNA and gyrB, as well as the fatty acid composition, made it possible to attribute the strain IB-1 to the genus Paenibacillus; however, the results did not provide an unambiguous conclusion on its species. 29509374 3 2 theme acid 477:480 arg1 genes 431:435 the genes 16S rRNA and gyrB, as well as the fatty acid composition, 427:493 the genes 16S rRNA and gyrB, as well as the fatty acid composition, 427:493 Analysis of the cultural, morphological, physiological, and biochemical features and nucleotide sequences of the genes 16S rRNA and gyrB, as well as the fatty acid composition, made it possible to attribute the strain IB-1 to the genus Paenibacillus; however, the results did not provide an unambiguous conclusion on its species. 29509374 5 3 theme biological 888:897 arg1 product 899:905 a biological product 886:905 a biological product 886:905 IB-1 possesses nitrogenase activity, the ability to synthesize indoleacetic acid and cytokinin-like compounds, and antagonistic activity towards phytopathogenic fungi, which indicates prospects for its use as a biological product for agricultural purposes. 29509374 5 4 theme agricultural 911:922 arg1 purposes 924:931 agricultural purposes 911:931 agricultural purposes 911:931 IB-1 possesses nitrogenase activity, the ability to synthesize indoleacetic acid and cytokinin-like compounds, and antagonistic activity towards phytopathogenic fungi, which indicates prospects for its use as a biological product for agricultural purposes. 29509374 8 5 theme linked 1139:1144 arg1 residues 1189:1196 one to four linked α-L-guluronic acid and β-D-mannuronic acid residues 1127:1196 one to four linked α-L-guluronic acid and β-D-mannuronic acid residues 1127:1196 Based on the data from IR and NMR spectroscopy, it was shown to be a heteropolymer comprised of one to four linked α-L-guluronic acid and β-D-mannuronic acid residues. 29509374 3 6 theme features 390:397 arg1 Analysis 318:325 Analysis 318:325 Analysis of the cultural, morphological, physiological, and biochemical features 318:397 Analysis of the cultural, morphological, physiological, and biochemical features and nucleotide sequences of the genes 16S rRNA and gyrB, as well as the fatty acid composition, made it possible to attribute the strain IB-1 to the genus Paenibacillus; however, the results did not provide an unambiguous conclusion on its species. 29509374 3 6 theme features 390:397 arg1 sequences 414:422 nucleotide sequences 403:422 nucleotide sequences of the genes 16S rRNA and gyrB, as well as the fatty acid composition, 403:493 Analysis of the cultural, morphological, physiological, and biochemical features and nucleotide sequences of the genes 16S rRNA and gyrB, as well as the fatty acid composition, made it possible to attribute the strain IB-1 to the genus Paenibacillus; however, the results did not provide an unambiguous conclusion on its species. 29509374 3 7 theme strain 529:534 arg1 IB-1 536:539 the strain IB-1 525:539 the strain IB-1 525:539 Analysis of the cultural, morphological, physiological, and biochemical features and nucleotide sequences of the genes 16S rRNA and gyrB, as well as the fatty acid composition, made it possible to attribute the strain IB-1 to the genus Paenibacillus; however, the results did not provide an unambiguous conclusion on its species. 29509374 3 8 theme physiological 359:371 arg1 features 390:397 the cultural, morphological, physiological, and biochemical features 330:397 the cultural, morphological, physiological, and biochemical features 330:397 Analysis of the cultural, morphological, physiological, and biochemical features and nucleotide sequences of the genes 16S rRNA and gyrB, as well as the fatty acid composition, made it possible to attribute the strain IB-1 to the genus Paenibacillus; however, the results did not provide an unambiguous conclusion on its species. 29509374 9 9 theme barley 1287:1292 arg1 treatment 1274:1282 presowing treatment 1264:1282 presowing treatment of barley and wheat seeds with biofungicides 1264:1327 The exopolysaccharide was successfully tested as an adhesive for presowing treatment of barley and wheat seeds with biofungicides. 29509374 4 10 theme strain 652:657 arg1 sp 673:674 The strain Paenibacillus sp 648:674 The strain Paenibacillus sp. 648:675 The strain Paenibacillus sp. 29509374 8 11 link linked 1139:1144 arg1 residues 1189:1196 one to four linked α-L-guluronic acid and β-D-mannuronic acid residues 1127:1196 one to four linked α-L-guluronic acid and β-D-mannuronic acid residues 1127:1196 Based on the data from IR and NMR spectroscopy, it was shown to be a heteropolymer comprised of one to four linked α-L-guluronic acid and β-D-mannuronic acid residues. 29509374 8 12 theme acid 1160:1163 arg1 residues 1189:1196 one to four linked α-L-guluronic acid and β-D-mannuronic acid residues 1127:1196 one to four linked α-L-guluronic acid and β-D-mannuronic acid residues 1127:1196 Based on the data from IR and NMR spectroscopy, it was shown to be a heteropolymer comprised of one to four linked α-L-guluronic acid and β-D-mannuronic acid residues. 29509374 3 13 theme 16S 437:439 arg1 rRNA 441:444 16S rRNA 437:444 16S rRNA 437:444 Analysis of the cultural, morphological, physiological, and biochemical features and nucleotide sequences of the genes 16S rRNA and gyrB, as well as the fatty acid composition, made it possible to attribute the strain IB-1 to the genus Paenibacillus; however, the results did not provide an unambiguous conclusion on its species. 29509374 3 13 theme 16S 437:439 arg1 genes 431:435 the genes 16S rRNA and gyrB, as well as the fatty acid composition, 427:493 the genes 16S rRNA and gyrB, as well as the fatty acid composition, 427:493 Analysis of the cultural, morphological, physiological, and biochemical features and nucleotide sequences of the genes 16S rRNA and gyrB, as well as the fatty acid composition, made it possible to attribute the strain IB-1 to the genus Paenibacillus; however, the results did not provide an unambiguous conclusion on its species. 29509374 3 14 theme morphological 344:356 arg1 features 390:397 the cultural, morphological, physiological, and biochemical features 330:397 the cultural, morphological, physiological, and biochemical features 330:397 Analysis of the cultural, morphological, physiological, and biochemical features and nucleotide sequences of the genes 16S rRNA and gyrB, as well as the fatty acid composition, made it possible to attribute the strain IB-1 to the genus Paenibacillus; however, the results did not provide an unambiguous conclusion on its species. 29509374 9 15 theme wheat 1298:1302 arg1 treatment 1274:1282 presowing treatment 1264:1282 presowing treatment of barley and wheat seeds with biofungicides 1264:1327 The exopolysaccharide was successfully tested as an adhesive for presowing treatment of barley and wheat seeds with biofungicides. 29509374 5 16 theme indoleacetic 740:751 arg1 acid 753:756 indoleacetic acid 740:756 indoleacetic acid 740:756 IB-1 possesses nitrogenase activity, the ability to synthesize indoleacetic acid and cytokinin-like compounds, and antagonistic activity towards phytopathogenic fungi, which indicates prospects for its use as a biological product for agricultural purposes. 29509374 2 17 theme plants 282:287 arg1 growth 259:264 the growth 255:264 the growth of agricultural plants 255:287 The bacterial strain IB-1, which exhibits antagonism towards phytopathogens and stimulates the growth of agricultural plants, was isolated from the soil. 29509374 0 18 theme new 5:7 arg1 strain 19:24 [The new bacterial strain 0:24 [The new bacterial strain 0:24 [The new bacterial strain Paenibacillus sp. 29509374 5 19 contain possesses 682:690 arg2 activity 805:812 antagonistic activity 792:812 antagonistic activity towards phytopathogenic fungi, which indicates prospects for its use as a biological product for agricultural purposes 792:931 IB-1 possesses nitrogenase activity, the ability to synthesize indoleacetic acid and cytokinin-like compounds, and antagonistic activity towards phytopathogenic fungi, which indicates prospects for its use as a biological product for agricultural purposes. 29509374 5 19 contain possesses 682:690 arg2 ability 718:724 the ability 714:724 the ability to synthesize indoleacetic acid and cytokinin-like compounds 714:785 IB-1 possesses nitrogenase activity, the ability to synthesize indoleacetic acid and cytokinin-like compounds, and antagonistic activity towards phytopathogenic fungi, which indicates prospects for its use as a biological product for agricultural purposes. 29509374 5 19 contain possesses 682:690 arg2 activity 704:711 nitrogenase activity 692:711 nitrogenase activity 692:711 IB-1 possesses nitrogenase activity, the ability to synthesize indoleacetic acid and cytokinin-like compounds, and antagonistic activity towards phytopathogenic fungi, which indicates prospects for its use as a biological product for agricultural purposes. 29509374 5 19 contain possesses 682:690 arg1 IB-1 677:680 IB-1 677:680 IB-1 677:680 IB-1 possesses nitrogenase activity, the ability to synthesize indoleacetic acid and cytokinin-like compounds, and antagonistic activity towards phytopathogenic fungi, which indicates prospects for its use as a biological product for agricultural purposes. 29509374 1 20 theme exopolysaccharide 64:80 arg1 producer 52:59 A producer 50:59 IB-1: A producer of exopolysaccharide and biologically active substances with phytohormonal and antifungal activities]. 44:162 IB-1: A producer of exopolysaccharide and biologically active substances with phytohormonal and antifungal activities]. 29509374 0 21 theme [The 0:3 arg1 strain 19:24 [The new bacterial strain 0:24 [The new bacterial strain 0:24 [The new bacterial strain Paenibacillus sp. 29509374 3 22 theme genes 431:435 arg1 Analysis 318:325 Analysis 318:325 Analysis of the cultural, morphological, physiological, and biochemical features 318:397 Analysis of the cultural, morphological, physiological, and biochemical features and nucleotide sequences of the genes 16S rRNA and gyrB, as well as the fatty acid composition, made it possible to attribute the strain IB-1 to the genus Paenibacillus; however, the results did not provide an unambiguous conclusion on its species. 29509374 3 22 theme genes 431:435 arg1 sequences 414:422 nucleotide sequences 403:422 nucleotide sequences of the genes 16S rRNA and gyrB, as well as the fatty acid composition, 403:493 Analysis of the cultural, morphological, physiological, and biochemical features and nucleotide sequences of the genes 16S rRNA and gyrB, as well as the fatty acid composition, made it possible to attribute the strain IB-1 to the genus Paenibacillus; however, the results did not provide an unambiguous conclusion on its species. 29509374 8 23 theme NMR 1061:1063 arg1 spectroscopy 1065:1076 NMR spectroscopy 1061:1076 NMR spectroscopy 1061:1076 Based on the data from IR and NMR spectroscopy, it was shown to be a heteropolymer comprised of one to four linked α-L-guluronic acid and β-D-mannuronic acid residues. 29509374 8 24 theme acid 1184:1187 arg1 residues 1189:1196 one to four linked α-L-guluronic acid and β-D-mannuronic acid residues 1127:1196 one to four linked α-L-guluronic acid and β-D-mannuronic acid residues 1127:1196 Based on the data from IR and NMR spectroscopy, it was shown to be a heteropolymer comprised of one to four linked α-L-guluronic acid and β-D-mannuronic acid residues. 29509374 0 25 theme bacterial 9:17 arg1 strain 19:24 [The new bacterial strain 0:24 [The new bacterial strain 0:24 [The new bacterial strain Paenibacillus sp. 29509374 1 26 theme active 99:104 arg1 substances 106:115 biologically active substances 86:115 biologically active substances 86:115 IB-1: A producer of exopolysaccharide and biologically active substances with phytohormonal and antifungal activities]. 29509374 1 27 dep IB-1 44:47 arg1 producer 52:59 A producer 50:59 IB-1: A producer of exopolysaccharide and biologically active substances with phytohormonal and antifungal activities]. 44:162 IB-1: A producer of exopolysaccharide and biologically active substances with phytohormonal and antifungal activities]. 29509374 1 28 with producer 52:59 arg1 activities 151:160 phytohormonal and antifungal activities 122:160 phytohormonal and antifungal activities 122:160 IB-1: A producer of exopolysaccharide and biologically active substances with phytohormonal and antifungal activities]. 29509374 4 29 theme Paenibacillus 659:671 arg1 sp 673:674 The strain Paenibacillus sp 648:674 The strain Paenibacillus sp. 648:675 The strain Paenibacillus sp. 29509374 2 30 theme strain 178:183 arg1 IB-1 185:188 The bacterial strain IB-1 164:188 The bacterial strain IB-1 164:188 The bacterial strain IB-1, which exhibits antagonism towards phytopathogens and stimulates the growth of agricultural plants, was isolated from the soil. 29509374 6 31 theme high-viscous 936:947 arg1 exopolysaccharide 949:965 A high-viscous exopolysaccharide 934:965 A high-viscous exopolysaccharide 934:965 A high-viscous exopolysaccharide was isolated from the cultural fluid of Paenibacillus sp. 29509374 5 32 theme phytopathogenic 822:836 arg1 fungi 838:842 phytopathogenic fungi 822:842 phytopathogenic fungi 822:842 IB-1 possesses nitrogenase activity, the ability to synthesize indoleacetic acid and cytokinin-like compounds, and antagonistic activity towards phytopathogenic fungi, which indicates prospects for its use as a biological product for agricultural purposes. 29509374 8 33 theme β-D-mannuronic 1169:1182 arg1 acid 1184:1187 β-D-mannuronic acid 1169:1187 β-D-mannuronic acid 1169:1187 Based on the data from IR and NMR spectroscopy, it was shown to be a heteropolymer comprised of one to four linked α-L-guluronic acid and β-D-mannuronic acid residues. 29509374 8 34 from IR 1054:1055 arg1 data 1044:1047 the data 1040:1047 the data from IR and NMR spectroscopy 1040:1076 Based on the data from IR and NMR spectroscopy, it was shown to be a heteropolymer comprised of one to four linked α-L-guluronic acid and β-D-mannuronic acid residues. 29509374 6 35 theme cultural 989:996 arg1 fluid 998:1002 the cultural fluid 985:1002 the cultural fluid of Paenibacillus sp 985:1022 A high-viscous exopolysaccharide was isolated from the cultural fluid of Paenibacillus sp. 29509374 2 36 theme bacterial 168:176 arg1 IB-1 185:188 The bacterial strain IB-1 164:188 The bacterial strain IB-1 164:188 The bacterial strain IB-1, which exhibits antagonism towards phytopathogens and stimulates the growth of agricultural plants, was isolated from the soil. 29509374 3 37 dep genes 431:435 arg1 gyrB 450:453 gyrB 450:453 gyrB 450:453 Analysis of the cultural, morphological, physiological, and biochemical features and nucleotide sequences of the genes 16S rRNA and gyrB, as well as the fatty acid composition, made it possible to attribute the strain IB-1 to the genus Paenibacillus; however, the results did not provide an unambiguous conclusion on its species. 29509374 3 37 dep genes 431:435 arg1 rRNA 441:444 16S rRNA 437:444 16S rRNA 437:444 Analysis of the cultural, morphological, physiological, and biochemical features and nucleotide sequences of the genes 16S rRNA and gyrB, as well as the fatty acid composition, made it possible to attribute the strain IB-1 to the genus Paenibacillus; however, the results did not provide an unambiguous conclusion on its species. 29509374 3 37 dep genes 431:435 arg1 genes 431:435 the genes 16S rRNA and gyrB, as well as the fatty acid composition, 427:493 the genes 16S rRNA and gyrB, as well as the fatty acid composition, 427:493 Analysis of the cultural, morphological, physiological, and biochemical features and nucleotide sequences of the genes 16S rRNA and gyrB, as well as the fatty acid composition, made it possible to attribute the strain IB-1 to the genus Paenibacillus; however, the results did not provide an unambiguous conclusion on its species. 29509374 8 38 theme α-L-guluronic 1146:1158 arg1 acid 1160:1163 α-L-guluronic acid 1146:1163 α-L-guluronic acid 1146:1163 Based on the data from IR and NMR spectroscopy, it was shown to be a heteropolymer comprised of one to four linked α-L-guluronic acid and β-D-mannuronic acid residues. 29509374 2 39 attach isolated 294:301 arg1 soil 312:315 the soil 308:315 the soil 308:315 The bacterial strain IB-1, which exhibits antagonism towards phytopathogens and stimulates the growth of agricultural plants, was isolated from the soil. 29509374 2 39 attach isolated 294:301 arg2 IB-1 185:188 The bacterial strain IB-1 164:188 The bacterial strain IB-1 164:188 The bacterial strain IB-1, which exhibits antagonism towards phytopathogens and stimulates the growth of agricultural plants, was isolated from the soil. 29509374 5 40 theme cytokinin-like 762:775 arg1 compounds 777:785 cytokinin-like compounds 762:785 cytokinin-like compounds 762:785 IB-1 possesses nitrogenase activity, the ability to synthesize indoleacetic acid and cytokinin-like compounds, and antagonistic activity towards phytopathogenic fungi, which indicates prospects for its use as a biological product for agricultural purposes. 29509374 0 41 dep sp 40:41 arg1 Paenibacillus 26:38 Paenibacillus 26:38 Paenibacillus 26:38 [The new bacterial strain Paenibacillus sp. 29509374 1 42 theme substances 106:115 arg1 producer 52:59 A producer 50:59 IB-1: A producer of exopolysaccharide and biologically active substances with phytohormonal and antifungal activities]. 44:162 IB-1: A producer of exopolysaccharide and biologically active substances with phytohormonal and antifungal activities]. 29509374 3 43 theme nucleotide 403:412 arg1 sequences 414:422 nucleotide sequences 403:422 nucleotide sequences of the genes 16S rRNA and gyrB, as well as the fatty acid composition, 403:493 Analysis of the cultural, morphological, physiological, and biochemical features and nucleotide sequences of the genes 16S rRNA and gyrB, as well as the fatty acid composition, made it possible to attribute the strain IB-1 to the genus Paenibacillus; however, the results did not provide an unambiguous conclusion on its species. 29509374 9 44 dep barley 1287:1292 arg1 seeds 1304:1308 seeds 1304:1308 seeds 1304:1308 The exopolysaccharide was successfully tested as an adhesive for presowing treatment of barley and wheat seeds with biofungicides. 29509374 3 45 theme fatty 471:475 arg1 composition 482:492 the fatty acid composition 467:492 the fatty acid composition 467:492 Analysis of the cultural, morphological, physiological, and biochemical features and nucleotide sequences of the genes 16S rRNA and gyrB, as well as the fatty acid composition, made it possible to attribute the strain IB-1 to the genus Paenibacillus; however, the results did not provide an unambiguous conclusion on its species. 29509374 3 45 theme fatty 471:475 arg1 genes 431:435 the genes 16S rRNA and gyrB, as well as the fatty acid composition, 427:493 the genes 16S rRNA and gyrB, as well as the fatty acid composition, 427:493 Analysis of the cultural, morphological, physiological, and biochemical features and nucleotide sequences of the genes 16S rRNA and gyrB, as well as the fatty acid composition, made it possible to attribute the strain IB-1 to the genus Paenibacillus; however, the results did not provide an unambiguous conclusion on its species. 29509374 2 46 theme agricultural 269:280 arg1 plants 282:287 agricultural plants 269:287 agricultural plants 269:287 The bacterial strain IB-1, which exhibits antagonism towards phytopathogens and stimulates the growth of agricultural plants, was isolated from the soil. 29509374 8 47 from spectroscopy 1065:1076 arg1 data 1044:1047 the data 1040:1047 the data from IR and NMR spectroscopy 1040:1076 Based on the data from IR and NMR spectroscopy, it was shown to be a heteropolymer comprised of one to four linked α-L-guluronic acid and β-D-mannuronic acid residues. 29509374 1 48 theme phytohormonal 122:134 arg1 activities 151:160 phytohormonal and antifungal activities 122:160 phytohormonal and antifungal activities 122:160 IB-1: A producer of exopolysaccharide and biologically active substances with phytohormonal and antifungal activities]. 29509374 3 49 theme unambiguous 609:619 arg1 conclusion 621:630 an unambiguous conclusion 606:630 an unambiguous conclusion 606:630 Analysis of the cultural, morphological, physiological, and biochemical features and nucleotide sequences of the genes 16S rRNA and gyrB, as well as the fatty acid composition, made it possible to attribute the strain IB-1 to the genus Paenibacillus; however, the results did not provide an unambiguous conclusion on its species. 29509374 6 50 attach isolated 971:978 arg2 exopolysaccharide 949:965 A high-viscous exopolysaccharide 934:965 A high-viscous exopolysaccharide 934:965 A high-viscous exopolysaccharide was isolated from the cultural fluid of Paenibacillus sp. 29509374 6 50 attach isolated 971:978 arg1 fluid 998:1002 the cultural fluid 985:1002 the cultural fluid of Paenibacillus sp 985:1022 A high-viscous exopolysaccharide was isolated from the cultural fluid of Paenibacillus sp. 29509374 6 51 theme sp 1021:1022 arg1 fluid 998:1002 the cultural fluid 985:1002 the cultural fluid of Paenibacillus sp 985:1022 A high-viscous exopolysaccharide was isolated from the cultural fluid of Paenibacillus sp. 29509374 1 52 theme antifungal 140:149 arg1 activities 151:160 phytohormonal and antifungal activities 122:160 phytohormonal and antifungal activities 122:160 IB-1: A producer of exopolysaccharide and biologically active substances with phytohormonal and antifungal activities]. 29509374 6 53 theme Paenibacillus 1007:1019 arg1 sp 1021:1022 Paenibacillus sp 1007:1022 Paenibacillus sp 1007:1022 A high-viscous exopolysaccharide was isolated from the cultural fluid of Paenibacillus sp. 29509374 3 54 theme cultural 334:341 arg1 features 390:397 the cultural, morphological, physiological, and biochemical features 330:397 the cultural, morphological, physiological, and biochemical features 330:397 Analysis of the cultural, morphological, physiological, and biochemical features and nucleotide sequences of the genes 16S rRNA and gyrB, as well as the fatty acid composition, made it possible to attribute the strain IB-1 to the genus Paenibacillus; however, the results did not provide an unambiguous conclusion on its species. 29509374 5 55 theme antagonistic 792:803 arg1 activity 805:812 antagonistic activity 792:812 antagonistic activity towards phytopathogenic fungi, which indicates prospects for its use as a biological product for agricultural purposes 792:931 IB-1 possesses nitrogenase activity, the ability to synthesize indoleacetic acid and cytokinin-like compounds, and antagonistic activity towards phytopathogenic fungi, which indicates prospects for its use as a biological product for agricultural purposes. 29509374 3 56 theme biochemical 378:388 arg1 features 390:397 the cultural, morphological, physiological, and biochemical features 330:397 the cultural, morphological, physiological, and biochemical features 330:397 Analysis of the cultural, morphological, physiological, and biochemical features and nucleotide sequences of the genes 16S rRNA and gyrB, as well as the fatty acid composition, made it possible to attribute the strain IB-1 to the genus Paenibacillus; however, the results did not provide an unambiguous conclusion on its species. 29509374 9 57 with treatment 1274:1282 arg1 biofungicides 1315:1327 biofungicides 1315:1327 biofungicides 1315:1327 The exopolysaccharide was successfully tested as an adhesive for presowing treatment of barley and wheat seeds with biofungicides. 29509374 5 58 theme nitrogenase 692:702 arg1 activity 704:711 nitrogenase activity 692:711 nitrogenase activity 692:711 IB-1 possesses nitrogenase activity, the ability to synthesize indoleacetic acid and cytokinin-like compounds, and antagonistic activity towards phytopathogenic fungi, which indicates prospects for its use as a biological product for agricultural purposes. 27614043 0 0 theme aqueous 91:97 arg1 solution 99:106 aqueous solution 91:106 aqueous solution 91:106 Adsorptive removal of ciprofloxacin by sodium alginate/graphene oxide composite beads from aqueous solution. 27614043 1 1 theme aqueous 313:319 arg1 solutions 321:329 aqueous solutions 313:329 aqueous solutions 313:329 Graphene oxide (GO) was encapsulated into environmentally benign sodium alginate (SA) to prepare a GO-SA composite hydrogel and an aerogel, which were then used as adsorbents to remove ciprofloxacin from aqueous solutions. 27614043 2 2 dep Fourier 470:476 arg1 transform 478:486 transform 478:486 transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 478:593 The characteristics of these materials were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 27614043 8 3 theme environmentally 1357:1371 arg1 composites 1342:1351 These graphene-based composites 1321:1351 These graphene-based composites 1321:1351 These graphene-based composites are environmentally benign adsorbents and can remove organic contaminants from aqueous solutions. 27614043 8 3 theme environmentally 1357:1371 arg1 adsorbents 1380:1389 environmentally benign adsorbents 1357:1389 environmentally benign adsorbents 1357:1389 These graphene-based composites are environmentally benign adsorbents and can remove organic contaminants from aqueous solutions. 27614043 3 4 theme pore 673:676 arg1 uniformity 678:687 the pore uniformity 669:687 the pore uniformity of the gels 669:699 The characterizations demonstrated that the incorporation of GO improved the pore uniformity of the gels and decreased the pore sizes. 27614043 1 5 theme benign 167:172 arg1 SA 191:192 SA 191:192 SA 191:192 Graphene oxide (GO) was encapsulated into environmentally benign sodium alginate (SA) to prepare a GO-SA composite hydrogel and an aerogel, which were then used as adsorbents to remove ciprofloxacin from aqueous solutions. 27614043 1 5 theme benign 167:172 arg1 alginate 181:188 environmentally benign sodium alginate 151:188 environmentally benign sodium alginate (SA) 151:193 Graphene oxide (GO) was encapsulated into environmentally benign sodium alginate (SA) to prepare a GO-SA composite hydrogel and an aerogel, which were then used as adsorbents to remove ciprofloxacin from aqueous solutions. 27614043 5 6 theme Langmuir 999:1006 arg1 model 1008:1012 a Langmuir model 997:1012 a Langmuir model 997:1012 Non-linear fitting parameters of adsorption isotherm studies indicated that a Langmuir model could precisely represent the adsorption behavior. 27614043 5 7 theme isotherm 965:972 arg1 studies 974:980 adsorption isotherm studies 954:980 adsorption isotherm studies 954:980 Non-linear fitting parameters of adsorption isotherm studies indicated that a Langmuir model could precisely represent the adsorption behavior. 27614043 8 8 theme aqueous 1432:1438 arg1 solutions 1440:1448 aqueous solutions 1432:1448 aqueous solutions 1432:1448 These graphene-based composites are environmentally benign adsorbents and can remove organic contaminants from aqueous solutions. 27614043 2 9 theme photoelectron 562:574 arg1 XPS 590:592 XPS 590:592 XPS 590:592 The characteristics of these materials were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 27614043 2 9 theme photoelectron 562:574 arg1 spectroscopy 576:587 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 556:587 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 556:593 The characteristics of these materials were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 27614043 6 10 theme GO-SA 1222:1226 arg1 aerogels 1228:1235 the GO-SA aerogels 1218:1235 the GO-SA aerogels 1218:1235 GO-SA aerogels exhibited high tolerance to changes in pH and ionic strength; changes in these parameters minimally influenced the adsorption capacity of the GO-SA aerogels for ciprofloxacin. 27614043 5 11 theme studies 974:980 arg1 parameters 940:949 Non-linear fitting parameters 921:949 Non-linear fitting parameters of adsorption isotherm studies 921:980 Non-linear fitting parameters of adsorption isotherm studies indicated that a Langmuir model could precisely represent the adsorption behavior. 27614043 6 12 theme ionic 1126:1130 arg1 strength 1132:1139 ionic strength 1126:1139 ionic strength 1126:1139 GO-SA aerogels exhibited high tolerance to changes in pH and ionic strength; changes in these parameters minimally influenced the adsorption capacity of the GO-SA aerogels for ciprofloxacin. 27614043 2 13 theme FT-IR 498:502 arg1 spectroscopy 505:516 infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy 488:516 infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy 488:516 The characteristics of these materials were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 27614043 1 14 used used 265:268 arg2 aerogel 240:246 an aerogel 237:246 an aerogel 237:246 Graphene oxide (GO) was encapsulated into environmentally benign sodium alginate (SA) to prepare a GO-SA composite hydrogel and an aerogel, which were then used as adsorbents to remove ciprofloxacin from aqueous solutions. 27614043 1 14 used used 265:268 arg2 adsorbents 273:282 adsorbents 273:282 adsorbents 273:282 Graphene oxide (GO) was encapsulated into environmentally benign sodium alginate (SA) to prepare a GO-SA composite hydrogel and an aerogel, which were then used as adsorbents to remove ciprofloxacin from aqueous solutions. 27614043 8 15 from solutions 1440:1448 arg1 contaminants 1414:1425 organic contaminants 1406:1425 organic contaminants from aqueous solutions 1406:1448 These graphene-based composites are environmentally benign adsorbents and can remove organic contaminants from aqueous solutions. 27614043 1 16 theme sodium 174:179 arg1 SA 191:192 SA 191:192 SA 191:192 Graphene oxide (GO) was encapsulated into environmentally benign sodium alginate (SA) to prepare a GO-SA composite hydrogel and an aerogel, which were then used as adsorbents to remove ciprofloxacin from aqueous solutions. 27614043 1 16 theme sodium 174:179 arg1 alginate 181:188 environmentally benign sodium alginate 151:188 environmentally benign sodium alginate (SA) 151:193 Graphene oxide (GO) was encapsulated into environmentally benign sodium alginate (SA) to prepare a GO-SA composite hydrogel and an aerogel, which were then used as adsorbents to remove ciprofloxacin from aqueous solutions. 27614043 3 17 theme gels 696:699 arg1 uniformity 678:687 the pore uniformity 669:687 the pore uniformity of the gels 669:699 The characterizations demonstrated that the incorporation of GO improved the pore uniformity of the gels and decreased the pore sizes. 27614043 4 18 dep nine 837:840 arg1 to 834:835 to 834:835 to 834:835 Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption capacity of SA composite gels increased approximately seven to nine times after the incorporation of GO, matching with pseudo-second-order models. 27614043 2 19 theme Brunauer-Emmett-Teller 431:452 arg1 microscopy 413:422 scanning electron microscopy 395:422 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 395:428 The characteristics of these materials were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 27614043 2 19 theme Brunauer-Emmett-Teller 431:452 arg1 analysis 460:467 Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis 431:467 Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis 431:467 The characteristics of these materials were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 27614043 5 20 theme fitting 932:938 arg1 parameters 940:949 Non-linear fitting parameters 921:949 Non-linear fitting parameters of adsorption isotherm studies 921:980 Non-linear fitting parameters of adsorption isotherm studies indicated that a Langmuir model could precisely represent the adsorption behavior. 27614043 7 21 theme environmental 1293:1305 arg1 applications 1307:1318 environmental applications 1293:1318 environmental applications 1293:1318 This work is especially relevant for environmental applications. 27614043 6 22 theme high 1090:1093 arg1 tolerance 1095:1103 high tolerance 1090:1103 high tolerance to changes in pH and ionic strength 1090:1139 GO-SA aerogels exhibited high tolerance to changes in pH and ionic strength; changes in these parameters minimally influenced the adsorption capacity of the GO-SA aerogels for ciprofloxacin. 27614043 0 23 theme Adsorptive 0:9 arg1 removal 11:17 Adsorptive removal 0:17 Adsorptive removal of ciprofloxacin by sodium alginate/graphene oxide composite beads from aqueous solution. 0:107 Adsorptive removal of ciprofloxacin by sodium alginate/graphene oxide composite beads from aqueous solution. 27614043 3 24 theme GO 657:658 arg1 incorporation 640:652 the incorporation 636:652 the incorporation of GO 636:658 The characterizations demonstrated that the incorporation of GO improved the pore uniformity of the gels and decreased the pore sizes. 27614043 2 25 theme materials 361:369 arg1 characteristics 336:350 The characteristics 332:350 The characteristics of these materials 332:369 The characteristics of these materials were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 27614043 0 26 theme ciprofloxacin 22:34 arg1 removal 11:17 Adsorptive removal 0:17 Adsorptive removal of ciprofloxacin by sodium alginate/graphene oxide composite beads from aqueous solution. 0:107 Adsorptive removal of ciprofloxacin by sodium alginate/graphene oxide composite beads from aqueous solution. 27614043 1 27 theme Graphene 109:116 arg1 oxide 118:122 Graphene oxide 109:122 Graphene oxide (GO) 109:127 Graphene oxide (GO) was encapsulated into environmentally benign sodium alginate (SA) to prepare a GO-SA composite hydrogel and an aerogel, which were then used as adsorbents to remove ciprofloxacin from aqueous solutions. 27614043 3 28 theme pore 719:722 arg1 sizes 724:728 the pore sizes 715:728 the pore sizes 715:728 The characterizations demonstrated that the incorporation of GO improved the pore uniformity of the gels and decreased the pore sizes. 27614043 4 29 theme pseudo-second-order 893:911 arg1 models 913:918 pseudo-second-order models 893:918 pseudo-second-order models 893:918 Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption capacity of SA composite gels increased approximately seven to nine times after the incorporation of GO, matching with pseudo-second-order models. 27614043 5 30 theme adsorption 954:963 arg1 studies 974:980 adsorption isotherm studies 954:980 adsorption isotherm studies 954:980 Non-linear fitting parameters of adsorption isotherm studies indicated that a Langmuir model could precisely represent the adsorption behavior. 27614043 2 31 theme BET 455:457 arg1 microscopy 413:422 scanning electron microscopy 395:422 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 395:428 The characteristics of these materials were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 27614043 2 31 theme BET 455:457 arg1 analysis 460:467 Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis 431:467 Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis 431:467 The characteristics of these materials were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 27614043 6 32 theme GO-SA 1065:1069 arg1 aerogels 1071:1078 GO-SA aerogels 1065:1078 GO-SA aerogels 1065:1078 GO-SA aerogels exhibited high tolerance to changes in pH and ionic strength; changes in these parameters minimally influenced the adsorption capacity of the GO-SA aerogels for ciprofloxacin. 27614043 0 33 theme sodium 39:44 arg1 beads 80:84 sodium alginate/graphene oxide composite beads 39:84 sodium alginate/graphene oxide composite beads from aqueous solution 39:106 Adsorptive removal of ciprofloxacin by sodium alginate/graphene oxide composite beads from aqueous solution. 27614043 2 34 theme thermogravimetric 519:535 arg1 analysis 537:544 thermogravimetric analysis 519:544 thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 519:550 The characteristics of these materials were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 27614043 2 34 theme thermogravimetric 519:535 arg1 TGA 547:549 TGA 547:549 TGA 547:549 The characteristics of these materials were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 27614043 4 35 theme gels 799:802 arg1 capacity 774:781 the adsorption capacity 759:781 the adsorption capacity of SA composite gels 759:802 Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption capacity of SA composite gels increased approximately seven to nine times after the incorporation of GO, matching with pseudo-second-order models. 27614043 2 36 theme electron 404:411 arg1 SEM 425:427 SEM 425:427 SEM 425:427 The characteristics of these materials were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 27614043 2 36 theme electron 404:411 arg1 microscopy 413:422 scanning electron microscopy 395:422 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 395:428 The characteristics of these materials were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 27614043 2 36 theme electron 404:411 arg1 Fourier 470:476 Fourier 470:476 Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 470:593 The characteristics of these materials were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 27614043 2 36 theme electron 404:411 arg1 analysis 460:467 Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis 431:467 Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis 431:467 The characteristics of these materials were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 27614043 4 37 theme composite 789:797 arg1 gels 799:802 SA composite gels 786:802 SA composite gels 786:802 Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption capacity of SA composite gels increased approximately seven to nine times after the incorporation of GO, matching with pseudo-second-order models. 27614043 2 38 theme scanning 395:402 arg1 SEM 425:427 SEM 425:427 SEM 425:427 The characteristics of these materials were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 27614043 2 38 theme scanning 395:402 arg1 microscopy 413:422 scanning electron microscopy 395:422 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 395:428 The characteristics of these materials were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 27614043 2 38 theme scanning 395:402 arg1 Fourier 470:476 Fourier 470:476 Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 470:593 The characteristics of these materials were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 27614043 2 38 theme scanning 395:402 arg1 analysis 460:467 Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis 431:467 Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis 431:467 The characteristics of these materials were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 27614043 0 39 theme oxide 64:68 arg1 beads 80:84 sodium alginate/graphene oxide composite beads 39:84 sodium alginate/graphene oxide composite beads from aqueous solution 39:106 Adsorptive removal of ciprofloxacin by sodium alginate/graphene oxide composite beads from aqueous solution. 27614043 2 40 theme X-ray 556:560 arg1 XPS 590:592 XPS 590:592 XPS 590:592 The characteristics of these materials were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 27614043 2 40 theme X-ray 556:560 arg1 spectroscopy 576:587 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 556:587 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 556:593 The characteristics of these materials were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 27614043 8 41 theme graphene-based 1327:1340 arg1 composites 1342:1351 These graphene-based composites 1321:1351 These graphene-based composites 1321:1351 These graphene-based composites are environmentally benign adsorbents and can remove organic contaminants from aqueous solutions. 27614043 8 41 theme graphene-based 1327:1340 arg1 adsorbents 1380:1389 environmentally benign adsorbents 1357:1389 environmentally benign adsorbents 1357:1389 These graphene-based composites are environmentally benign adsorbents and can remove organic contaminants from aqueous solutions. 27614043 0 42 theme alginate/graphene 46:62 arg1 beads 80:84 sodium alginate/graphene oxide composite beads 39:84 sodium alginate/graphene oxide composite beads from aqueous solution 39:106 Adsorptive removal of ciprofloxacin by sodium alginate/graphene oxide composite beads from aqueous solution. 27614043 6 43 theme adsorption 1195:1204 arg1 capacity 1206:1213 the adsorption capacity 1191:1213 the adsorption capacity of the GO-SA aerogels for ciprofloxacin 1191:1253 GO-SA aerogels exhibited high tolerance to changes in pH and ionic strength; changes in these parameters minimally influenced the adsorption capacity of the GO-SA aerogels for ciprofloxacin. 27614043 4 44 theme GO 875:876 arg1 incorporation 858:870 the incorporation 854:870 the incorporation of GO 854:876 Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption capacity of SA composite gels increased approximately seven to nine times after the incorporation of GO, matching with pseudo-second-order models. 27614043 5 45 theme adsorption 1044:1053 arg1 behavior 1055:1062 the adsorption behavior 1040:1062 the adsorption behavior 1040:1062 Non-linear fitting parameters of adsorption isotherm studies indicated that a Langmuir model could precisely represent the adsorption behavior. 27614043 6 46 from changes 1142:1148 arg1 parameters 1159:1168 these parameters 1153:1168 these parameters 1153:1168 GO-SA aerogels exhibited high tolerance to changes in pH and ionic strength; changes in these parameters minimally influenced the adsorption capacity of the GO-SA aerogels for ciprofloxacin. 27614043 6 47 theme aerogels 1228:1235 arg1 capacity 1206:1213 the adsorption capacity 1191:1213 the adsorption capacity of the GO-SA aerogels for ciprofloxacin 1191:1253 GO-SA aerogels exhibited high tolerance to changes in pH and ionic strength; changes in these parameters minimally influenced the adsorption capacity of the GO-SA aerogels for ciprofloxacin. 27614043 4 48 theme Kinetic 731:737 arg1 studies 739:745 Kinetic studies 731:745 Kinetic studies 731:745 Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption capacity of SA composite gels increased approximately seven to nine times after the incorporation of GO, matching with pseudo-second-order models. 27614043 1 49 theme GO-SA 208:212 arg1 hydrogel 224:231 a GO-SA composite hydrogel 206:231 a GO-SA composite hydrogel 206:231 Graphene oxide (GO) was encapsulated into environmentally benign sodium alginate (SA) to prepare a GO-SA composite hydrogel and an aerogel, which were then used as adsorbents to remove ciprofloxacin from aqueous solutions. 27614043 8 50 theme organic 1406:1412 arg1 contaminants 1414:1425 organic contaminants 1406:1425 organic contaminants from aqueous solutions 1406:1448 These graphene-based composites are environmentally benign adsorbents and can remove organic contaminants from aqueous solutions. 27614043 4 51 theme adsorption 763:772 arg1 capacity 774:781 the adsorption capacity 759:781 the adsorption capacity of SA composite gels 759:802 Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption capacity of SA composite gels increased approximately seven to nine times after the incorporation of GO, matching with pseudo-second-order models. 27614043 5 52 theme Non-linear 921:930 arg1 parameters 940:949 Non-linear fitting parameters 921:949 Non-linear fitting parameters of adsorption isotherm studies 921:980 Non-linear fitting parameters of adsorption isotherm studies indicated that a Langmuir model could precisely represent the adsorption behavior. 27614043 1 53 theme composite 214:222 arg1 hydrogel 224:231 a GO-SA composite hydrogel 206:231 a GO-SA composite hydrogel 206:231 Graphene oxide (GO) was encapsulated into environmentally benign sodium alginate (SA) to prepare a GO-SA composite hydrogel and an aerogel, which were then used as adsorbents to remove ciprofloxacin from aqueous solutions. 27614043 2 54 theme infrared 488:495 arg1 spectroscopy 505:516 infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy 488:516 infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy 488:516 The characteristics of these materials were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 27614043 0 55 from solution 99:106 arg1 beads 80:84 sodium alginate/graphene oxide composite beads 39:84 sodium alginate/graphene oxide composite beads from aqueous solution 39:106 Adsorptive removal of ciprofloxacin by sodium alginate/graphene oxide composite beads from aqueous solution. 27614043 4 56 theme SA 786:787 arg1 gels 799:802 SA composite gels 786:802 SA composite gels 786:802 Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption capacity of SA composite gels increased approximately seven to nine times after the incorporation of GO, matching with pseudo-second-order models. 27614043 6 57 from changes 1108:1114 arg1 pH 1119:1120 pH 1119:1120 pH 1119:1120 GO-SA aerogels exhibited high tolerance to changes in pH and ionic strength; changes in these parameters minimally influenced the adsorption capacity of the GO-SA aerogels for ciprofloxacin. 27614043 6 57 from changes 1108:1114 arg1 strength 1132:1139 ionic strength 1126:1139 ionic strength 1126:1139 GO-SA aerogels exhibited high tolerance to changes in pH and ionic strength; changes in these parameters minimally influenced the adsorption capacity of the GO-SA aerogels for ciprofloxacin. 27614043 8 58 theme benign 1373:1378 arg1 composites 1342:1351 These graphene-based composites 1321:1351 These graphene-based composites 1321:1351 These graphene-based composites are environmentally benign adsorbents and can remove organic contaminants from aqueous solutions. 27614043 8 58 theme benign 1373:1378 arg1 adsorbents 1380:1389 environmentally benign adsorbents 1357:1389 environmentally benign adsorbents 1357:1389 These graphene-based composites are environmentally benign adsorbents and can remove organic contaminants from aqueous solutions. 27614043 0 59 theme composite 70:78 arg1 beads 80:84 sodium alginate/graphene oxide composite beads 39:84 sodium alginate/graphene oxide composite beads from aqueous solution 39:106 Adsorptive removal of ciprofloxacin by sodium alginate/graphene oxide composite beads from aqueous solution. 27614043 1 60 dep oxide 118:122 arg1 GO 125:126 GO 125:126 GO 125:126 Graphene oxide (GO) was encapsulated into environmentally benign sodium alginate (SA) to prepare a GO-SA composite hydrogel and an aerogel, which were then used as adsorbents to remove ciprofloxacin from aqueous solutions. 28414792 6 0 theme linear 1139:1144 arg1 instrument 1195:1204 a linear low-field ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight instrument 1137:1204 a linear low-field ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight instrument 1137:1204 The method incorporated electrospray ionization and analysis with a linear low-field ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight instrument. 28414792 1 1 theme disorder 304:311 arg1 treatment 225:233 the treatment 221:233 the treatment of the rare autosomal-recessive, neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder Niemann-Pick Disease Type C1 (NPC1) 221:347 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) has gained recent attention as a potential therapeutic intervention in the treatment of the rare autosomal-recessive, neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder Niemann-Pick Disease Type C1 (NPC1). 28414792 1 2 theme Disease 326:332 arg1 NPC1 343:346 NPC1 343:346 NPC1 343:346 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) has gained recent attention as a potential therapeutic intervention in the treatment of the rare autosomal-recessive, neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder Niemann-Pick Disease Type C1 (NPC1). 28414792 1 2 theme Disease 326:332 arg1 C1 339:340 Niemann-Pick Disease Type C1 313:340 the rare autosomal-recessive, neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder Niemann-Pick Disease Type C1 (NPC1) 238:347 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) has gained recent attention as a potential therapeutic intervention in the treatment of the rare autosomal-recessive, neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder Niemann-Pick Disease Type C1 (NPC1). 28414792 5 3 theme ion 925:927 arg1 distribution 929:940 ion distribution and abundance profiles 925:963 distribution 929:940 The purpose of the present work is to compare these two different products; analyses were based on ion distribution and abundance profiles using mass spectrometry methodology as a means for assessing key molecular distinctions between products. 28414792 5 4 theme different 882:890 arg1 products 892:899 these two different products 872:899 these two different products 872:899 The purpose of the present work is to compare these two different products; analyses were based on ion distribution and abundance profiles using mass spectrometry methodology as a means for assessing key molecular distinctions between products. 28414792 10 5 theme ammonium 1640:1647 arg1 adduction 1609:1617 adduction 1609:1617 adduction of both a proton and ammonium 1609:1647 In addition, both products show doubly charged homodimers from adduction of both a proton and ammonium. 28414792 3 6 theme mixture 605:611 arg1 degree 546:551 The degree 542:551 The degree of substitution 542:567 The degree of substitution is a critical aspect of the complex mixture as it influences binding to other molecules and thus could potentially modulate biological effects. 28414792 3 6 theme mixture 605:611 arg1 aspect 583:588 a critical aspect 572:588 a critical aspect of the complex mixture 572:611 The degree of substitution is a critical aspect of the complex mixture as it influences binding to other molecules and thus could potentially modulate biological effects. 28414792 9 7 theme charged 1502:1508 arg1 homodimers 1510:1519 doubly charged homodimers 1495:1519 doubly charged homodimers of the ammonium adducts 1495:1543 Isotope clusters for each of the major ions show doubly charged homodimers of the ammonium adducts. 28414792 10 8 theme proton 1629:1634 arg1 adduction 1609:1617 adduction 1609:1617 adduction of both a proton and ammonium 1609:1647 In addition, both products show doubly charged homodimers from adduction of both a proton and ammonium. 28414792 2 9 theme species 463:469 arg1 mixtures 451:458 complex mixtures 443:458 complex mixtures of species with differing degrees of hydroxypropylation of the cyclodextrin ring 443:539 Notably, HPβCD formulations are not comprised of a single molecular species, but instead are complex mixtures of species with differing degrees of hydroxypropylation of the cyclodextrin ring. 28414792 2 10 with species 463:469 arg1 degrees 486:492 differing degrees 476:492 differing degrees of hydroxypropylation of the cyclodextrin ring 476:539 Notably, HPβCD formulations are not comprised of a single molecular species, but instead are complex mixtures of species with differing degrees of hydroxypropylation of the cyclodextrin ring. 28414792 9 11 theme ammonium 1528:1535 arg1 adducts 1537:1543 the ammonium adducts 1524:1543 the ammonium adducts 1524:1543 Isotope clusters for each of the major ions show doubly charged homodimers of the ammonium adducts. 28414792 8 12 theme samples 1416:1422 arg1 ions 1403:1406 The principal ions 1389:1406 The principal ions of both samples 1389:1422 The principal ions of both samples are ammonium adducts. 28414792 8 12 theme samples 1416:1422 arg1 adducts 1437:1443 ammonium adducts 1428:1443 ammonium adducts 1428:1443 The principal ions of both samples are ammonium adducts. 28414792 5 13 theme abundance 946:954 arg1 profiles 956:963 ion distribution and abundance profiles 925:963 profiles 956:963 The purpose of the present work is to compare these two different products; analyses were based on ion distribution and abundance profiles using mass spectrometry methodology as a means for assessing key molecular distinctions between products. 28414792 1 14 dep disorder 304:311 arg1 NPC1 343:346 NPC1 343:346 NPC1 343:346 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) has gained recent attention as a potential therapeutic intervention in the treatment of the rare autosomal-recessive, neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder Niemann-Pick Disease Type C1 (NPC1). 28414792 1 14 dep disorder 304:311 arg1 C1 339:340 Niemann-Pick Disease Type C1 313:340 the rare autosomal-recessive, neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder Niemann-Pick Disease Type C1 (NPC1) 238:347 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) has gained recent attention as a potential therapeutic intervention in the treatment of the rare autosomal-recessive, neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder Niemann-Pick Disease Type C1 (NPC1). 28414792 4 15 theme Kleptose 722:729 arg1 HPB 731:733 Kleptose HPB 722:733 Kleptose HPB 722:733 VTS-270 (Kleptose HPB) and Trappsol® Cyclo™ are HPβCD products under investigation as novel treatments for NPC1. 28414792 4 15 theme Kleptose 722:729 arg1 VTS-270 713:719 VTS-270 713:719 VTS-270 (Kleptose HPB) 713:734 VTS-270 (Kleptose HPB) and Trappsol® Cyclo™ are HPβCD products under investigation as novel treatments for NPC1. 28414792 0 16 theme Niemann-Pick 78:89 arg1 C1 104:105 Niemann-Pick Disease type C1 78:105 Niemann-Pick Disease type C1 78:105 Characterization of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrins used in the treatment of Niemann-Pick Disease type C1. 28414792 5 17 theme work 853:856 arg1 purpose 830:836 The purpose 826:836 The purpose of the present work 826:856 The purpose of the present work is to compare these two different products; analyses were based on ion distribution and abundance profiles using mass spectrometry methodology as a means for assessing key molecular distinctions between products. 28414792 2 18 theme cyclodextrin 523:534 arg1 ring 536:539 the cyclodextrin ring 519:539 the cyclodextrin ring 519:539 Notably, HPβCD formulations are not comprised of a single molecular species, but instead are complex mixtures of species with differing degrees of hydroxypropylation of the cyclodextrin ring. 28414792 0 19 theme type 99:102 arg1 C1 104:105 Niemann-Pick Disease type C1 78:105 Niemann-Pick Disease type C1 78:105 Characterization of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrins used in the treatment of Niemann-Pick Disease type C1. 28414792 12 20 theme impurity 1940:1947 arg1 profiles 1949:1956 the impurity profiles 1936:1956 the impurity profiles 1936:1956 Based on the analytical differences observed between VTS-270 and Trappsol Cyclo with respect to the degree of substitution, the composition and fingerprint of the complex mixture, and the impurity profiles, these products cannot be considered to be the same; the potential biological and clinical implications of these differences are not presently known. 28414792 1 21 theme potential 183:191 arg1 intervention 205:216 a potential therapeutic intervention 181:216 a potential therapeutic intervention in the treatment of the rare autosomal-recessive, neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder Niemann-Pick Disease Type C1 (NPC1) 181:347 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) has gained recent attention as a potential therapeutic intervention in the treatment of the rare autosomal-recessive, neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder Niemann-Pick Disease Type C1 (NPC1). 28414792 4 22 theme novel 799:803 arg1 treatments 805:814 novel treatments 799:814 novel treatments for NPC1 799:823 VTS-270 (Kleptose HPB) and Trappsol® Cyclo™ are HPβCD products under investigation as novel treatments for NPC1. 28414792 1 23 theme recent 161:166 arg1 attention 168:176 recent attention 161:176 recent attention as a potential therapeutic intervention in the treatment of the rare autosomal-recessive, neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder Niemann-Pick Disease Type C1 (NPC1) 161:347 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) has gained recent attention as a potential therapeutic intervention in the treatment of the rare autosomal-recessive, neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder Niemann-Pick Disease Type C1 (NPC1). 28414792 9 24 theme major 1479:1483 arg1 ions 1485:1488 the major ions 1475:1488 the major ions 1475:1488 Isotope clusters for each of the major ions show doubly charged homodimers of the ammonium adducts. 28414792 12 25 theme mixture 1923:1929 arg1 composition 1880:1890 composition 1880:1890 composition 1880:1890 Based on the analytical differences observed between VTS-270 and Trappsol Cyclo with respect to the degree of substitution, the composition and fingerprint of the complex mixture, and the impurity profiles, these products cannot be considered to be the same; the potential biological and clinical implications of these differences are not presently known. 28414792 12 25 theme mixture 1923:1929 arg1 VTS-270 1805:1811 VTS-270 1805:1811 VTS-270 1805:1811 Based on the analytical differences observed between VTS-270 and Trappsol Cyclo with respect to the degree of substitution, the composition and fingerprint of the complex mixture, and the impurity profiles, these products cannot be considered to be the same; the potential biological and clinical implications of these differences are not presently known. 28414792 12 25 theme mixture 1923:1929 arg1 Cyclo 1826:1830 Trappsol Cyclo 1817:1830 Trappsol Cyclo 1817:1830 Based on the analytical differences observed between VTS-270 and Trappsol Cyclo with respect to the degree of substitution, the composition and fingerprint of the complex mixture, and the impurity profiles, these products cannot be considered to be the same; the potential biological and clinical implications of these differences are not presently known. 28414792 12 25 theme mixture 1923:1929 arg1 fingerprint 1896:1906 fingerprint 1896:1906 fingerprint 1896:1906 Based on the analytical differences observed between VTS-270 and Trappsol Cyclo with respect to the degree of substitution, the composition and fingerprint of the complex mixture, and the impurity profiles, these products cannot be considered to be the same; the potential biological and clinical implications of these differences are not presently known. 28414792 12 25 theme mixture 1923:1929 arg1 profiles 1949:1956 the impurity profiles 1936:1956 the impurity profiles 1936:1956 Based on the analytical differences observed between VTS-270 and Trappsol Cyclo with respect to the degree of substitution, the composition and fingerprint of the complex mixture, and the impurity profiles, these products cannot be considered to be the same; the potential biological and clinical implications of these differences are not presently known. 28414792 2 26 theme differing 476:484 arg1 degrees 486:492 differing degrees 476:492 differing degrees of hydroxypropylation of the cyclodextrin ring 476:539 Notably, HPβCD formulations are not comprised of a single molecular species, but instead are complex mixtures of species with differing degrees of hydroxypropylation of the cyclodextrin ring. 28414792 7 27 theme hydroxypropyl 1238:1250 arg1 groups 1252:1257 hydroxypropyl groups 1238:1257 hydroxypropyl groups (the degrees of substitution) 1238:1287 We observed that the number of hydroxypropyl groups (the degrees of substitution) are substantially different between the two products and greater in Trappsol Cyclo than in VTS-270. 28414792 1 28 theme Type 334:337 arg1 NPC1 343:346 NPC1 343:346 NPC1 343:346 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) has gained recent attention as a potential therapeutic intervention in the treatment of the rare autosomal-recessive, neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder Niemann-Pick Disease Type C1 (NPC1). 28414792 1 28 theme Type 334:337 arg1 C1 339:340 Niemann-Pick Disease Type C1 313:340 the rare autosomal-recessive, neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder Niemann-Pick Disease Type C1 (NPC1) 238:347 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) has gained recent attention as a potential therapeutic intervention in the treatment of the rare autosomal-recessive, neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder Niemann-Pick Disease Type C1 (NPC1). 28414792 11 29 from intense 1709:1715 arg1 Cyclo 1729:1733 Trappsol Cyclo 1720:1733 Trappsol Cyclo 1720:1733 Doubly charged heterodimers are also present, but are more intense in Trappsol Cyclo than in VTS-270. 28414792 0 30 theme hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrins 20:51 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrins 0:51 Characterization of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrins used in the treatment of Niemann-Pick Disease type C1. 28414792 5 31 theme spectrometry 976:987 arg1 methodology 989:999 mass spectrometry methodology 971:999 mass spectrometry methodology 971:999 The purpose of the present work is to compare these two different products; analyses were based on ion distribution and abundance profiles using mass spectrometry methodology as a means for assessing key molecular distinctions between products. 28414792 5 31 theme spectrometry 976:987 arg1 means 1006:1010 a means 1004:1010 a means for assessing key molecular distinctions between products 1004:1068 The purpose of the present work is to compare these two different products; analyses were based on ion distribution and abundance profiles using mass spectrometry methodology as a means for assessing key molecular distinctions between products. 28414792 12 32 theme differences 2071:2081 arg1 implications 2049:2060 the potential biological and clinical implications 2011:2060 the potential biological and clinical implications of these differences 2011:2081 Based on the analytical differences observed between VTS-270 and Trappsol Cyclo with respect to the degree of substitution, the composition and fingerprint of the complex mixture, and the impurity profiles, these products cannot be considered to be the same; the potential biological and clinical implications of these differences are not presently known. 28414792 7 33 theme Trappsol 1357:1364 arg1 Cyclo 1366:1370 Trappsol Cyclo 1357:1370 Trappsol Cyclo 1357:1370 We observed that the number of hydroxypropyl groups (the degrees of substitution) are substantially different between the two products and greater in Trappsol Cyclo than in VTS-270. 28414792 7 34 dep groups 1252:1257 arg1 degrees 1264:1270 the degrees 1260:1270 the degrees of substitution 1260:1286 We observed that the number of hydroxypropyl groups (the degrees of substitution) are substantially different between the two products and greater in Trappsol Cyclo than in VTS-270. 28414792 12 35 theme substitution 1862:1873 arg1 degree 1852:1857 the degree 1848:1857 the degree of substitution 1848:1873 Based on the analytical differences observed between VTS-270 and Trappsol Cyclo with respect to the degree of substitution, the composition and fingerprint of the complex mixture, and the impurity profiles, these products cannot be considered to be the same; the potential biological and clinical implications of these differences are not presently known. 28414792 6 36 theme time-of-flight 1180:1193 arg1 instrument 1195:1204 a linear low-field ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight instrument 1137:1204 a linear low-field ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight instrument 1137:1204 The method incorporated electrospray ionization and analysis with a linear low-field ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight instrument. 28414792 3 37 theme other 641:645 arg1 molecules 647:655 other molecules 641:655 other molecules 641:655 The degree of substitution is a critical aspect of the complex mixture as it influences binding to other molecules and thus could potentially modulate biological effects. 28414792 1 38 theme autosomal-recessive 247:265 arg1 disorder 304:311 the rare autosomal-recessive, neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder 238:311 disorder 304:311 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) has gained recent attention as a potential therapeutic intervention in the treatment of the rare autosomal-recessive, neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder Niemann-Pick Disease Type C1 (NPC1). 28414792 6 39 theme mobility 1160:1167 arg1 instrument 1195:1204 a linear low-field ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight instrument 1137:1204 a linear low-field ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight instrument 1137:1204 The method incorporated electrospray ionization and analysis with a linear low-field ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight instrument. 28414792 2 40 theme single 401:406 arg1 species 418:424 a single molecular species 399:424 a single molecular species 399:424 Notably, HPβCD formulations are not comprised of a single molecular species, but instead are complex mixtures of species with differing degrees of hydroxypropylation of the cyclodextrin ring. 28414792 1 41 theme neurodegenerative 268:284 arg1 disorder 304:311 the rare autosomal-recessive, neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder 238:311 disorder 304:311 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) has gained recent attention as a potential therapeutic intervention in the treatment of the rare autosomal-recessive, neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder Niemann-Pick Disease Type C1 (NPC1). 28414792 5 42 theme molecular 1030:1038 arg1 distinctions 1040:1051 key molecular distinctions 1026:1051 key molecular distinctions between products 1026:1068 The purpose of the present work is to compare these two different products; analyses were based on ion distribution and abundance profiles using mass spectrometry methodology as a means for assessing key molecular distinctions between products. 28414792 6 43 theme low-field 1146:1154 arg1 instrument 1195:1204 a linear low-field ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight instrument 1137:1204 a linear low-field ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight instrument 1137:1204 The method incorporated electrospray ionization and analysis with a linear low-field ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight instrument. 28414792 10 44 theme charged 1585:1591 arg1 homodimers 1593:1602 doubly charged homodimers 1578:1602 doubly charged homodimers from adduction of both a proton and ammonium 1578:1647 In addition, both products show doubly charged homodimers from adduction of both a proton and ammonium. 28414792 11 45 theme charged 1657:1663 arg1 heterodimers 1665:1676 Doubly charged heterodimers 1650:1676 Doubly charged heterodimers 1650:1676 Doubly charged heterodimers are also present, but are more intense in Trappsol Cyclo than in VTS-270. 28414792 1 46 theme storage 296:302 arg1 disorder 304:311 the rare autosomal-recessive, neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder 238:311 disorder 304:311 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) has gained recent attention as a potential therapeutic intervention in the treatment of the rare autosomal-recessive, neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder Niemann-Pick Disease Type C1 (NPC1). 28414792 3 47 theme critical 574:581 arg1 degree 546:551 The degree 542:551 The degree of substitution 542:567 The degree of substitution is a critical aspect of the complex mixture as it influences binding to other molecules and thus could potentially modulate biological effects. 28414792 3 47 theme critical 574:581 arg1 aspect 583:588 a critical aspect 572:588 a critical aspect of the complex mixture 572:611 The degree of substitution is a critical aspect of the complex mixture as it influences binding to other molecules and thus could potentially modulate biological effects. 28414792 1 48 theme Niemann-Pick 313:324 arg1 NPC1 343:346 NPC1 343:346 NPC1 343:346 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) has gained recent attention as a potential therapeutic intervention in the treatment of the rare autosomal-recessive, neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder Niemann-Pick Disease Type C1 (NPC1). 28414792 1 48 theme Niemann-Pick 313:324 arg1 C1 339:340 Niemann-Pick Disease Type C1 313:340 the rare autosomal-recessive, neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder Niemann-Pick Disease Type C1 (NPC1) 238:347 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) has gained recent attention as a potential therapeutic intervention in the treatment of the rare autosomal-recessive, neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder Niemann-Pick Disease Type C1 (NPC1). 28414792 12 49 theme Trappsol 1817:1824 arg1 Cyclo 1826:1830 Trappsol Cyclo 1817:1830 Trappsol Cyclo 1817:1830 Based on the analytical differences observed between VTS-270 and Trappsol Cyclo with respect to the degree of substitution, the composition and fingerprint of the complex mixture, and the impurity profiles, these products cannot be considered to be the same; the potential biological and clinical implications of these differences are not presently known. 28414792 1 50 theme therapeutic 193:203 arg1 intervention 205:216 a potential therapeutic intervention 181:216 a potential therapeutic intervention in the treatment of the rare autosomal-recessive, neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder Niemann-Pick Disease Type C1 (NPC1) 181:347 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) has gained recent attention as a potential therapeutic intervention in the treatment of the rare autosomal-recessive, neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder Niemann-Pick Disease Type C1 (NPC1). 28414792 12 51 theme potential 2015:2023 arg1 implications 2049:2060 the potential biological and clinical implications 2011:2060 the potential biological and clinical implications of these differences 2011:2081 Based on the analytical differences observed between VTS-270 and Trappsol Cyclo with respect to the degree of substitution, the composition and fingerprint of the complex mixture, and the impurity profiles, these products cannot be considered to be the same; the potential biological and clinical implications of these differences are not presently known. 28414792 12 52 theme analytical 1765:1774 arg1 differences 1776:1786 the analytical differences 1761:1786 the analytical differences observed between VTS-270 and Trappsol Cyclo with respect to the degree of substitution, the composition and fingerprint of the complex mixture, and the impurity profiles 1761:1956 Based on the analytical differences observed between VTS-270 and Trappsol Cyclo with respect to the degree of substitution, the composition and fingerprint of the complex mixture, and the impurity profiles, these products cannot be considered to be the same; the potential biological and clinical implications of these differences are not presently known. 28414792 7 53 theme substitution 1275:1286 arg1 degrees 1264:1270 the degrees 1260:1270 the degrees of substitution 1260:1286 We observed that the number of hydroxypropyl groups (the degrees of substitution) are substantially different between the two products and greater in Trappsol Cyclo than in VTS-270. 28414792 3 54 theme complex 597:603 arg1 mixture 605:611 the complex mixture 593:611 the complex mixture 593:611 The degree of substitution is a critical aspect of the complex mixture as it influences binding to other molecules and thus could potentially modulate biological effects. 28414792 9 55 theme adducts 1537:1543 arg1 homodimers 1510:1519 doubly charged homodimers 1495:1519 doubly charged homodimers of the ammonium adducts 1495:1543 Isotope clusters for each of the major ions show doubly charged homodimers of the ammonium adducts. 28414792 0 56 theme Disease 91:97 arg1 C1 104:105 Niemann-Pick Disease type C1 78:105 Niemann-Pick Disease type C1 78:105 Characterization of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrins used in the treatment of Niemann-Pick Disease type C1. 28414792 2 57 theme ring 536:539 arg1 hydroxypropylation 497:514 hydroxypropylation 497:514 hydroxypropylation of the cyclodextrin ring 497:539 Notably, HPβCD formulations are not comprised of a single molecular species, but instead are complex mixtures of species with differing degrees of hydroxypropylation of the cyclodextrin ring. 28414792 0 58 theme C1 104:105 arg1 treatment 65:73 the treatment 61:73 the treatment of Niemann-Pick Disease type C1 61:105 Characterization of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrins used in the treatment of Niemann-Pick Disease type C1. 28414792 0 59 used used 53:56 arg2 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrins 0:51 Characterization of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrins used in the treatment of Niemann-Pick Disease type C1. 28414792 1 60 from intervention 205:216 arg1 treatment 225:233 the treatment 221:233 the treatment of the rare autosomal-recessive, neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder Niemann-Pick Disease Type C1 (NPC1) 221:347 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) has gained recent attention as a potential therapeutic intervention in the treatment of the rare autosomal-recessive, neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder Niemann-Pick Disease Type C1 (NPC1). 28414792 11 61 from Cyclo 1729:1733 arg1 intense 1709:1715 intense 1709:1715 intense 1709:1715 Doubly charged heterodimers are also present, but are more intense in Trappsol Cyclo than in VTS-270. 28414792 8 62 theme principal 1393:1401 arg1 ions 1403:1406 The principal ions 1389:1406 The principal ions of both samples 1389:1422 The principal ions of both samples are ammonium adducts. 28414792 8 62 theme principal 1393:1401 arg1 adducts 1437:1443 ammonium adducts 1428:1443 ammonium adducts 1428:1443 The principal ions of both samples are ammonium adducts. 28414792 7 63 theme groups 1252:1257 arg1 number 1228:1233 the number 1224:1233 the number of hydroxypropyl groups (the degrees of substitution) 1224:1287 We observed that the number of hydroxypropyl groups (the degrees of substitution) are substantially different between the two products and greater in Trappsol Cyclo than in VTS-270. 28414792 7 63 theme groups 1252:1257 arg1 different 1307:1315 different 1307:1315 different 1307:1315 We observed that the number of hydroxypropyl groups (the degrees of substitution) are substantially different between the two products and greater in Trappsol Cyclo than in VTS-270. 28414792 4 64 theme HPβCD 761:765 arg1 Cyclo™ 750:755 Cyclo™ 750:755 Cyclo™ 750:755 VTS-270 (Kleptose HPB) and Trappsol® Cyclo™ are HPβCD products under investigation as novel treatments for NPC1. 28414792 4 64 theme HPβCD 761:765 arg1 products 767:774 HPβCD products 761:774 HPβCD products 761:774 VTS-270 (Kleptose HPB) and Trappsol® Cyclo™ are HPβCD products under investigation as novel treatments for NPC1. 28414792 4 64 theme HPβCD 761:765 arg1 VTS-270 713:719 VTS-270 713:719 VTS-270 (Kleptose HPB) 713:734 VTS-270 (Kleptose HPB) and Trappsol® Cyclo™ are HPβCD products under investigation as novel treatments for NPC1. 28414792 2 65 theme molecular 408:416 arg1 species 418:424 a single molecular species 399:424 a single molecular species 399:424 Notably, HPβCD formulations are not comprised of a single molecular species, but instead are complex mixtures of species with differing degrees of hydroxypropylation of the cyclodextrin ring. 28414792 5 66 theme present 845:851 arg1 work 853:856 the present work 841:856 the present work 841:856 The purpose of the present work is to compare these two different products; analyses were based on ion distribution and abundance profiles using mass spectrometry methodology as a means for assessing key molecular distinctions between products. 28414792 5 67 theme mass 971:974 arg1 methodology 989:999 mass spectrometry methodology 971:999 mass spectrometry methodology 971:999 The purpose of the present work is to compare these two different products; analyses were based on ion distribution and abundance profiles using mass spectrometry methodology as a means for assessing key molecular distinctions between products. 28414792 5 67 theme mass 971:974 arg1 means 1006:1010 a means 1004:1010 a means for assessing key molecular distinctions between products 1004:1068 The purpose of the present work is to compare these two different products; analyses were based on ion distribution and abundance profiles using mass spectrometry methodology as a means for assessing key molecular distinctions between products. 28414792 6 68 theme electrospray 1095:1106 arg1 ionization 1108:1117 electrospray ionization 1095:1117 electrospray ionization 1095:1117 The method incorporated electrospray ionization and analysis with a linear low-field ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight instrument. 28414792 12 69 dep potential 2015:2023 arg1 biological 2025:2034 biological 2025:2034 biological 2025:2034 Based on the analytical differences observed between VTS-270 and Trappsol Cyclo with respect to the degree of substitution, the composition and fingerprint of the complex mixture, and the impurity profiles, these products cannot be considered to be the same; the potential biological and clinical implications of these differences are not presently known. 28414792 8 70 theme ammonium 1428:1435 arg1 ions 1403:1406 The principal ions 1389:1406 The principal ions of both samples 1389:1422 The principal ions of both samples are ammonium adducts. 28414792 8 70 theme ammonium 1428:1435 arg1 adducts 1437:1443 ammonium adducts 1428:1443 ammonium adducts 1428:1443 The principal ions of both samples are ammonium adducts. 28414792 2 71 theme complex 443:449 arg1 mixtures 451:458 complex mixtures 443:458 complex mixtures of species with differing degrees of hydroxypropylation of the cyclodextrin ring 443:539 Notably, HPβCD formulations are not comprised of a single molecular species, but instead are complex mixtures of species with differing degrees of hydroxypropylation of the cyclodextrin ring. 28414792 12 72 theme complex 1915:1921 arg1 mixture 1923:1929 the complex mixture 1911:1929 the complex mixture 1911:1929 Based on the analytical differences observed between VTS-270 and Trappsol Cyclo with respect to the degree of substitution, the composition and fingerprint of the complex mixture, and the impurity profiles, these products cannot be considered to be the same; the potential biological and clinical implications of these differences are not presently known. 28414792 2 73 theme hydroxypropylation 497:514 arg1 degrees 486:492 differing degrees 476:492 differing degrees of hydroxypropylation of the cyclodextrin ring 476:539 Notably, HPβCD formulations are not comprised of a single molecular species, but instead are complex mixtures of species with differing degrees of hydroxypropylation of the cyclodextrin ring. 28414792 11 74 theme Trappsol 1720:1727 arg1 Cyclo 1729:1733 Trappsol Cyclo 1720:1733 Trappsol Cyclo 1720:1733 Doubly charged heterodimers are also present, but are more intense in Trappsol Cyclo than in VTS-270. 28414792 10 75 from adduction 1609:1617 arg1 homodimers 1593:1602 doubly charged homodimers 1578:1602 doubly charged homodimers from adduction of both a proton and ammonium 1578:1647 In addition, both products show doubly charged homodimers from adduction of both a proton and ammonium. 28414792 6 76 theme quadrupole 1169:1178 arg1 instrument 1195:1204 a linear low-field ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight instrument 1137:1204 a linear low-field ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight instrument 1137:1204 The method incorporated electrospray ionization and analysis with a linear low-field ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight instrument. 28414792 3 77 theme biological 693:702 arg1 effects 704:710 biological effects 693:710 biological effects 693:710 The degree of substitution is a critical aspect of the complex mixture as it influences binding to other molecules and thus could potentially modulate biological effects. 28414792 2 78 theme HPβCD 359:363 arg1 formulations 365:376 HPβCD formulations 359:376 HPβCD formulations 359:376 Notably, HPβCD formulations are not comprised of a single molecular species, but instead are complex mixtures of species with differing degrees of hydroxypropylation of the cyclodextrin ring. 28414792 9 79 theme Isotope 1446:1452 arg1 clusters 1454:1461 Isotope clusters 1446:1461 Isotope clusters for each of the major ions 1446:1488 Isotope clusters for each of the major ions show doubly charged homodimers of the ammonium adducts. 28414792 12 80 theme clinical 2040:2047 arg1 implications 2049:2060 the potential biological and clinical implications 2011:2060 the potential biological and clinical implications of these differences 2011:2081 Based on the analytical differences observed between VTS-270 and Trappsol Cyclo with respect to the degree of substitution, the composition and fingerprint of the complex mixture, and the impurity profiles, these products cannot be considered to be the same; the potential biological and clinical implications of these differences are not presently known. 28414792 1 81 theme rare 242:245 arg1 disorder 304:311 the rare autosomal-recessive, neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder 238:311 disorder 304:311 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) has gained recent attention as a potential therapeutic intervention in the treatment of the rare autosomal-recessive, neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder Niemann-Pick Disease Type C1 (NPC1). 28414792 5 82 theme key 1026:1028 arg1 distinctions 1040:1051 key molecular distinctions 1026:1051 key molecular distinctions between products 1026:1068 The purpose of the present work is to compare these two different products; analyses were based on ion distribution and abundance profiles using mass spectrometry methodology as a means for assessing key molecular distinctions between products. 28414792 6 83 theme ion 1156:1158 arg1 instrument 1195:1204 a linear low-field ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight instrument 1137:1204 a linear low-field ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight instrument 1137:1204 The method incorporated electrospray ionization and analysis with a linear low-field ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight instrument. 28414792 12 84 dep composition 1880:1890 arg1 the 1876:1878 the 1876:1878 the 1876:1878 Based on the analytical differences observed between VTS-270 and Trappsol Cyclo with respect to the degree of substitution, the composition and fingerprint of the complex mixture, and the impurity profiles, these products cannot be considered to be the same; the potential biological and clinical implications of these differences are not presently known. 28414792 3 85 theme substitution 556:567 arg1 degree 546:551 The degree 542:551 The degree of substitution 542:567 The degree of substitution is a critical aspect of the complex mixture as it influences binding to other molecules and thus could potentially modulate biological effects. 28414792 3 85 theme substitution 556:567 arg1 aspect 583:588 a critical aspect 572:588 a critical aspect of the complex mixture 572:611 The degree of substitution is a critical aspect of the complex mixture as it influences binding to other molecules and thus could potentially modulate biological effects. 28414792 1 86 theme lysosomal 286:294 arg1 disorder 304:311 the rare autosomal-recessive, neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder 238:311 disorder 304:311 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) has gained recent attention as a potential therapeutic intervention in the treatment of the rare autosomal-recessive, neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder Niemann-Pick Disease Type C1 (NPC1). 28304051 6 0 dep % 1211:1211 arg1 retention 1213:1221 retention 1213:1221 91.2% retention after 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles 1207:1271 It was found that the NiS/CA composite aerogel electrodes exhibit excellent capacitive performance with high specific capacitance (1606 F g-1), good rate capacitance retention (69% at 10 A g-1), and enhanced cycling stability (91.2% retention after 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles at 100 mV s-1). 28304051 10 1 theme electrode 2024:2032 arg1 materials 2034:2042 high-performance electrode materials 2007:2042 high-performance electrode materials 2007:2042 Therefore, the NiS/CA composite shows great potential as a promising alternative to high-performance electrode materials for supercapacitors. 28304051 4 2 from growth 689:694 arg1 CAs 777:779 CAs 777:779 CAs 777:779 In this study, a green and facile method for the in situ growth of NiS particles on bacterial cellulose (BC)-derived sheet-like carbon aerogels (CAs) has been reported. 28304051 4 2 from growth 689:694 arg1 aerogels 767:774 bacterial cellulose (BC)-derived sheet-like carbon aerogels 716:774 bacterial cellulose (BC)-derived sheet-like carbon aerogels (CAs) 716:780 In this study, a green and facile method for the in situ growth of NiS particles on bacterial cellulose (BC)-derived sheet-like carbon aerogels (CAs) has been reported. 28304051 9 3 theme long-term 1805:1813 arg1 stability 1821:1829 excellent long-term cycle stability 1795:1829 excellent long-term cycle stability 1795:1829 The ASC device also showed excellent long-term cycle stability with ∼87.1% specific capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles of cyclic voltammetry scans. 28304051 8 4 theme Wh 1665:1666 arg1 kg-1 1668:1671 ∼21.5 Wh kg-1 1659:1671 ∼21.5 Wh kg-1 1659:1671 Through the synergistic effect of three-dimensional porous structures and conductive networks derived from CA and the high capacitive performance offered by NiS, the ASC device exhibited an energy density of ∼21.5 Wh kg-1 and a power density of 700 W kg-1 at the working voltage of 1.4 V in 2 M KOH aqueous solution. 28304051 1 5 theme broad 269:273 arg1 interest 275:282 broad interest 269:282 broad interest 269:282 Electroactive materials, such as nickel sulfide (NiS), with high theoretical capacities have attracted broad interest to fabricate highly efficient supercapacitors. 28304051 7 6 theme negative 1407:1414 arg1 materials 1426:1434 the positive and negative electrode materials 1390:1434 the positive and negative electrode materials 1390:1434 Furthermore, asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) were constructed utilizing NiS/CA composite and CA as the positive and negative electrode materials, respectively. 28304051 7 6 theme negative 1407:1414 arg1 CA 1384:1385 CA 1384:1385 CA 1384:1385 Furthermore, asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) were constructed utilizing NiS/CA composite and CA as the positive and negative electrode materials, respectively. 28304051 7 6 theme negative 1407:1414 arg1 composite 1370:1378 NiS/CA composite 1363:1378 NiS/CA composite 1363:1378 Furthermore, asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) were constructed utilizing NiS/CA composite and CA as the positive and negative electrode materials, respectively. 28304051 7 7 theme positive 1394:1401 arg1 materials 1426:1434 the positive and negative electrode materials 1390:1434 the positive and negative electrode materials 1390:1434 Furthermore, asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) were constructed utilizing NiS/CA composite and CA as the positive and negative electrode materials, respectively. 28304051 7 7 theme positive 1394:1401 arg1 CA 1384:1385 CA 1384:1385 CA 1384:1385 Furthermore, asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) were constructed utilizing NiS/CA composite and CA as the positive and negative electrode materials, respectively. 28304051 7 7 theme positive 1394:1401 arg1 composite 1370:1378 NiS/CA composite 1363:1378 NiS/CA composite 1363:1378 Furthermore, asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) were constructed utilizing NiS/CA composite and CA as the positive and negative electrode materials, respectively. 28304051 9 8 theme ∼87.1 1836:1840 arg1 % 1841:1841 % 1841:1841 % 1841:1841 The ASC device also showed excellent long-term cycle stability with ∼87.1% specific capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles of cyclic voltammetry scans. 28304051 4 9 theme in 681:682 arg1 growth 689:694 the in situ growth 677:694 the in situ growth of NiS particles on bacterial cellulose (BC)-derived sheet-like carbon aerogels (CAs) 677:780 In this study, a green and facile method for the in situ growth of NiS particles on bacterial cellulose (BC)-derived sheet-like carbon aerogels (CAs) has been reported. 28304051 8 10 theme power 1679:1683 arg1 density 1685:1691 a power density 1677:1691 a power density of 700 W kg-1 1677:1705 Through the synergistic effect of three-dimensional porous structures and conductive networks derived from CA and the high capacitive performance offered by NiS, the ASC device exhibited an energy density of ∼21.5 Wh kg-1 and a power density of 700 W kg-1 at the working voltage of 1.4 V in 2 M KOH aqueous solution. 28304051 1 11 theme nickel 199:204 arg1 NiS 215:217 NiS 215:217 NiS 215:217 Electroactive materials, such as nickel sulfide (NiS), with high theoretical capacities have attracted broad interest to fabricate highly efficient supercapacitors. 28304051 1 11 theme nickel 199:204 arg1 sulfide 206:212 nickel sulfide 199:212 nickel sulfide (NiS) 199:218 Electroactive materials, such as nickel sulfide (NiS), with high theoretical capacities have attracted broad interest to fabricate highly efficient supercapacitors. 28304051 6 12 theme rate 1129:1132 arg1 retention 1146:1154 good rate capacitance retention 1124:1154 good rate capacitance retention (69% at 10 A g-1) 1124:1172 It was found that the NiS/CA composite aerogel electrodes exhibit excellent capacitive performance with high specific capacitance (1606 F g-1), good rate capacitance retention (69% at 10 A g-1), and enhanced cycling stability (91.2% retention after 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles at 100 mV s-1). 28304051 9 13 theme specific 1843:1850 arg1 retention 1864:1872 ∼87.1% specific capacitance retention 1836:1872 ∼87.1% specific capacitance retention 1836:1872 The ASC device also showed excellent long-term cycle stability with ∼87.1% specific capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles of cyclic voltammetry scans. 28304051 4 14 theme green 649:653 arg1 method 666:671 a green and facile method 647:671 a green and facile method for the in situ growth of NiS particles on bacterial cellulose (BC)-derived sheet-like carbon aerogels (CAs) 647:780 In this study, a green and facile method for the in situ growth of NiS particles on bacterial cellulose (BC)-derived sheet-like carbon aerogels (CAs) has been reported. 28304051 0 15 theme electrode 114:122 arg1 materials 124:132 high performance electrode materials 97:132 high performance electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors 97:163 Bacterial cellulose-based sheet-like carbon aerogels for the in situ growth of nickel sulfide as high performance electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors. 28304051 3 16 theme carbon 590:595 arg1 aerogels 622:629 carbon aerogels 615:629 carbon aerogels 615:629 One effective approach to solve these problems is to combine NiS with highly porous and conductive carbon materials such as carbon aerogels. 28304051 3 16 theme carbon 590:595 arg1 materials 597:605 highly porous and conductive carbon materials 561:605 highly porous and conductive carbon materials such as carbon aerogels 561:629 One effective approach to solve these problems is to combine NiS with highly porous and conductive carbon materials such as carbon aerogels. 28304051 10 17 theme high-performance 2007:2022 arg1 materials 2034:2042 high-performance electrode materials 2007:2042 high-performance electrode materials 2007:2042 Therefore, the NiS/CA composite shows great potential as a promising alternative to high-performance electrode materials for supercapacitors. 28304051 6 18 theme cycling 1188:1194 arg1 stability 1196:1204 enhanced cycling stability 1179:1204 enhanced cycling stability (91.2% retention after 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles at 100 mV s-1) 1179:1286 It was found that the NiS/CA composite aerogel electrodes exhibit excellent capacitive performance with high specific capacitance (1606 F g-1), good rate capacitance retention (69% at 10 A g-1), and enhanced cycling stability (91.2% retention after 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles at 100 mV s-1). 28304051 4 19 theme facile 659:664 arg1 method 666:671 a green and facile method 647:671 a green and facile method for the in situ growth of NiS particles on bacterial cellulose (BC)-derived sheet-like carbon aerogels (CAs) 647:780 In this study, a green and facile method for the in situ growth of NiS particles on bacterial cellulose (BC)-derived sheet-like carbon aerogels (CAs) has been reported. 28304051 6 20 theme 100 1276:1278 arg1 mV 1280:1281 mV 1280:1281 mV 1280:1281 It was found that the NiS/CA composite aerogel electrodes exhibit excellent capacitive performance with high specific capacitance (1606 F g-1), good rate capacitance retention (69% at 10 A g-1), and enhanced cycling stability (91.2% retention after 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles at 100 mV s-1). 28304051 8 21 theme W 1700:1700 arg1 kg-1 1702:1705 700 W kg-1 1696:1705 700 W kg-1 1696:1705 Through the synergistic effect of three-dimensional porous structures and conductive networks derived from CA and the high capacitive performance offered by NiS, the ASC device exhibited an energy density of ∼21.5 Wh kg-1 and a power density of 700 W kg-1 at the working voltage of 1.4 V in 2 M KOH aqueous solution. 28304051 3 22 theme carbon 615:620 arg1 aerogels 622:629 carbon aerogels 615:629 carbon aerogels 615:629 One effective approach to solve these problems is to combine NiS with highly porous and conductive carbon materials such as carbon aerogels. 28304051 10 23 theme NiS/CA 1938:1943 arg1 composite 1945:1953 the NiS/CA composite 1934:1953 the NiS/CA composite 1934:1953 Therefore, the NiS/CA composite shows great potential as a promising alternative to high-performance electrode materials for supercapacitors. 28304051 6 24 theme cyclic 1247:1252 arg1 cycles 1266:1271 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles 1229:1271 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles 1229:1271 It was found that the NiS/CA composite aerogel electrodes exhibit excellent capacitive performance with high specific capacitance (1606 F g-1), good rate capacitance retention (69% at 10 A g-1), and enhanced cycling stability (91.2% retention after 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles at 100 mV s-1). 28304051 8 25 theme working 1714:1720 arg1 voltage 1722:1728 the working voltage 1710:1728 the working voltage of 1.4 V in 2 M KOH aqueous solution 1710:1765 Through the synergistic effect of three-dimensional porous structures and conductive networks derived from CA and the high capacitive performance offered by NiS, the ASC device exhibited an energy density of ∼21.5 Wh kg-1 and a power density of 700 W kg-1 at the working voltage of 1.4 V in 2 M KOH aqueous solution. 28304051 6 26 theme NiS/CA 1002:1007 arg1 electrodes 1027:1036 the NiS/CA composite aerogel electrodes 998:1036 the NiS/CA composite aerogel electrodes 998:1036 It was found that the NiS/CA composite aerogel electrodes exhibit excellent capacitive performance with high specific capacitance (1606 F g-1), good rate capacitance retention (69% at 10 A g-1), and enhanced cycling stability (91.2% retention after 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles at 100 mV s-1). 28304051 3 27 theme effective 495:503 arg1 approach 505:512 One effective approach 491:512 One effective approach to solve these problems 491:536 One effective approach to solve these problems is to combine NiS with highly porous and conductive carbon materials such as carbon aerogels. 28304051 4 28 theme NiS 699:701 arg1 particles 703:711 NiS particles 699:711 NiS particles 699:711 In this study, a green and facile method for the in situ growth of NiS particles on bacterial cellulose (BC)-derived sheet-like carbon aerogels (CAs) has been reported. 28304051 1 29 with materials 180:188 arg1 capacities 243:252 high theoretical capacities 226:252 high theoretical capacities 226:252 Electroactive materials, such as nickel sulfide (NiS), with high theoretical capacities have attracted broad interest to fabricate highly efficient supercapacitors. 28304051 8 30 theme V 1737:1737 arg1 voltage 1722:1728 the working voltage 1710:1728 the working voltage of 1.4 V in 2 M KOH aqueous solution 1710:1765 Through the synergistic effect of three-dimensional porous structures and conductive networks derived from CA and the high capacitive performance offered by NiS, the ASC device exhibited an energy density of ∼21.5 Wh kg-1 and a power density of 700 W kg-1 at the working voltage of 1.4 V in 2 M KOH aqueous solution. 28304051 5 31 theme NiS/CA 900:905 arg1 aerogels 917:924 NiS/CA composite aerogels 900:924 NiS/CA composite aerogels with NiS uniformly decorated on the pore walls of CA 900:977 CA prepared by the dissolution-gelation-carbonization process was used as a framework to construct NiS/CA composite aerogels with NiS uniformly decorated on the pore walls of CA. 28304051 4 32 theme carbon 760:765 arg1 CAs 777:779 CAs 777:779 CAs 777:779 In this study, a green and facile method for the in situ growth of NiS particles on bacterial cellulose (BC)-derived sheet-like carbon aerogels (CAs) has been reported. 28304051 4 32 theme carbon 760:765 arg1 aerogels 767:774 bacterial cellulose (BC)-derived sheet-like carbon aerogels 716:774 bacterial cellulose (BC)-derived sheet-like carbon aerogels (CAs) 716:780 In this study, a green and facile method for the in situ growth of NiS particles on bacterial cellulose (BC)-derived sheet-like carbon aerogels (CAs) has been reported. 28304051 8 33 attach derived 1545:1551 arg2 structures 1510:1519 three-dimensional porous structures 1485:1519 three-dimensional porous structures 1485:1519 Through the synergistic effect of three-dimensional porous structures and conductive networks derived from CA and the high capacitive performance offered by NiS, the ASC device exhibited an energy density of ∼21.5 Wh kg-1 and a power density of 700 W kg-1 at the working voltage of 1.4 V in 2 M KOH aqueous solution. 28304051 8 33 attach derived 1545:1551 arg1 performance 1585:1595 the high capacitive performance 1565:1595 the high capacitive performance offered by NiS 1565:1610 Through the synergistic effect of three-dimensional porous structures and conductive networks derived from CA and the high capacitive performance offered by NiS, the ASC device exhibited an energy density of ∼21.5 Wh kg-1 and a power density of 700 W kg-1 at the working voltage of 1.4 V in 2 M KOH aqueous solution. 28304051 8 33 attach derived 1545:1551 arg1 CA 1558:1559 CA 1558:1559 CA 1558:1559 Through the synergistic effect of three-dimensional porous structures and conductive networks derived from CA and the high capacitive performance offered by NiS, the ASC device exhibited an energy density of ∼21.5 Wh kg-1 and a power density of 700 W kg-1 at the working voltage of 1.4 V in 2 M KOH aqueous solution. 28304051 8 34 theme 2 1742:1742 arg1 M 1744:1744 M 1744:1744 M 1744:1744 Through the synergistic effect of three-dimensional porous structures and conductive networks derived from CA and the high capacitive performance offered by NiS, the ASC device exhibited an energy density of ∼21.5 Wh kg-1 and a power density of 700 W kg-1 at the working voltage of 1.4 V in 2 M KOH aqueous solution. 28304051 0 35 theme high 97:100 arg1 materials 124:132 high performance electrode materials 97:132 high performance electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors 97:163 Bacterial cellulose-based sheet-like carbon aerogels for the in situ growth of nickel sulfide as high performance electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors. 28304051 8 36 theme KOH 1746:1748 arg1 solution 1758:1765 2 M KOH aqueous solution 1742:1765 2 M KOH aqueous solution 1742:1765 Through the synergistic effect of three-dimensional porous structures and conductive networks derived from CA and the high capacitive performance offered by NiS, the ASC device exhibited an energy density of ∼21.5 Wh kg-1 and a power density of 700 W kg-1 at the working voltage of 1.4 V in 2 M KOH aqueous solution. 28304051 5 37 theme CA 976:977 arg1 walls 967:971 the pore walls 958:971 the pore walls of CA 958:977 CA prepared by the dissolution-gelation-carbonization process was used as a framework to construct NiS/CA composite aerogels with NiS uniformly decorated on the pore walls of CA. 28304051 2 38 theme NiS 486:488 arg1 properties 472:481 excellent electrochemical properties 446:481 excellent electrochemical properties of NiS 446:488 Preventing aggregation and increasing the conductivity of NiS particles are key challenging tasks to fully achieve excellent electrochemical properties of NiS. 28304051 8 39 theme three-dimensional 1485:1501 arg1 structures 1510:1519 three-dimensional porous structures 1485:1519 three-dimensional porous structures 1485:1519 Through the synergistic effect of three-dimensional porous structures and conductive networks derived from CA and the high capacitive performance offered by NiS, the ASC device exhibited an energy density of ∼21.5 Wh kg-1 and a power density of 700 W kg-1 at the working voltage of 1.4 V in 2 M KOH aqueous solution. 28304051 2 40 theme key 407:409 arg1 tasks 423:427 key challenging tasks 407:427 key challenging tasks to fully achieve excellent electrochemical properties of NiS 407:488 Preventing aggregation and increasing the conductivity of NiS particles are key challenging tasks to fully achieve excellent electrochemical properties of NiS. 28304051 0 41 theme Bacterial 0:8 arg1 aerogels 44:51 Bacterial cellulose-based sheet-like carbon aerogels 0:51 Bacterial cellulose-based sheet-like carbon aerogels for the in situ growth of nickel 0:84 Bacterial cellulose-based sheet-like carbon aerogels for the in situ growth of nickel sulfide as high performance electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors. 28304051 6 42 theme capacitive 1056:1065 arg1 performance 1067:1077 excellent capacitive performance 1046:1077 excellent capacitive performance with high specific capacitance (1606 F g-1), good rate capacitance retention (69% at 10 A g-1), and enhanced cycling stability (91.2% retention after 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles at 100 mV s-1) 1046:1286 It was found that the NiS/CA composite aerogel electrodes exhibit excellent capacitive performance with high specific capacitance (1606 F g-1), good rate capacitance retention (69% at 10 A g-1), and enhanced cycling stability (91.2% retention after 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles at 100 mV s-1). 28304051 8 43 theme structures 1510:1519 arg1 effect 1475:1480 the synergistic effect 1459:1480 the synergistic effect of three-dimensional porous structures and conductive networks derived from CA and the high capacitive performance offered by NiS 1459:1610 Through the synergistic effect of three-dimensional porous structures and conductive networks derived from CA and the high capacitive performance offered by NiS, the ASC device exhibited an energy density of ∼21.5 Wh kg-1 and a power density of 700 W kg-1 at the working voltage of 1.4 V in 2 M KOH aqueous solution. 28304051 4 44 theme -derived 740:747 arg1 CAs 777:779 CAs 777:779 CAs 777:779 In this study, a green and facile method for the in situ growth of NiS particles on bacterial cellulose (BC)-derived sheet-like carbon aerogels (CAs) has been reported. 28304051 4 44 theme -derived 740:747 arg1 aerogels 767:774 bacterial cellulose (BC)-derived sheet-like carbon aerogels 716:774 bacterial cellulose (BC)-derived sheet-like carbon aerogels (CAs) 716:780 In this study, a green and facile method for the in situ growth of NiS particles on bacterial cellulose (BC)-derived sheet-like carbon aerogels (CAs) has been reported. 28304051 2 45 theme excellent 446:454 arg1 properties 472:481 excellent electrochemical properties 446:481 excellent electrochemical properties of NiS 446:488 Preventing aggregation and increasing the conductivity of NiS particles are key challenging tasks to fully achieve excellent electrochemical properties of NiS. 28304051 0 46 theme sheet-like 26:35 arg1 aerogels 44:51 Bacterial cellulose-based sheet-like carbon aerogels 0:51 Bacterial cellulose-based sheet-like carbon aerogels for the in situ growth of nickel 0:84 Bacterial cellulose-based sheet-like carbon aerogels for the in situ growth of nickel sulfide as high performance electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors. 28304051 6 47 with performance 1067:1077 arg1 g-1 1118:1120 1606 F g-1 1111:1120 1606 F g-1 1111:1120 It was found that the NiS/CA composite aerogel electrodes exhibit excellent capacitive performance with high specific capacitance (1606 F g-1), good rate capacitance retention (69% at 10 A g-1), and enhanced cycling stability (91.2% retention after 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles at 100 mV s-1). 28304051 6 47 with performance 1067:1077 arg1 stability 1196:1204 enhanced cycling stability 1179:1204 enhanced cycling stability (91.2% retention after 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles at 100 mV s-1) 1179:1286 It was found that the NiS/CA composite aerogel electrodes exhibit excellent capacitive performance with high specific capacitance (1606 F g-1), good rate capacitance retention (69% at 10 A g-1), and enhanced cycling stability (91.2% retention after 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles at 100 mV s-1). 28304051 6 47 with performance 1067:1077 arg1 retention 1146:1154 good rate capacitance retention 1124:1154 good rate capacitance retention (69% at 10 A g-1) 1124:1172 It was found that the NiS/CA composite aerogel electrodes exhibit excellent capacitive performance with high specific capacitance (1606 F g-1), good rate capacitance retention (69% at 10 A g-1), and enhanced cycling stability (91.2% retention after 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles at 100 mV s-1). 28304051 6 47 with performance 1067:1077 arg1 capacitance 1098:1108 high specific capacitance 1084:1108 high specific capacitance (1606 F g-1) 1084:1121 It was found that the NiS/CA composite aerogel electrodes exhibit excellent capacitive performance with high specific capacitance (1606 F g-1), good rate capacitance retention (69% at 10 A g-1), and enhanced cycling stability (91.2% retention after 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles at 100 mV s-1). 28304051 8 48 theme conductive 1525:1534 arg1 networks 1536:1543 conductive networks 1525:1543 conductive networks 1525:1543 Through the synergistic effect of three-dimensional porous structures and conductive networks derived from CA and the high capacitive performance offered by NiS, the ASC device exhibited an energy density of ∼21.5 Wh kg-1 and a power density of 700 W kg-1 at the working voltage of 1.4 V in 2 M KOH aqueous solution. 28304051 1 49 theme efficient 304:312 arg1 supercapacitors 314:328 highly efficient supercapacitors 297:328 highly efficient supercapacitors 297:328 Electroactive materials, such as nickel sulfide (NiS), with high theoretical capacities have attracted broad interest to fabricate highly efficient supercapacitors. 28304051 6 50 theme aerogel 1019:1025 arg1 electrodes 1027:1036 the NiS/CA composite aerogel electrodes 998:1036 the NiS/CA composite aerogel electrodes 998:1036 It was found that the NiS/CA composite aerogel electrodes exhibit excellent capacitive performance with high specific capacitance (1606 F g-1), good rate capacitance retention (69% at 10 A g-1), and enhanced cycling stability (91.2% retention after 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles at 100 mV s-1). 28304051 9 51 theme voltammetry 1904:1914 arg1 scans 1916:1920 cyclic voltammetry scans 1897:1920 cyclic voltammetry scans 1897:1920 The ASC device also showed excellent long-term cycle stability with ∼87.1% specific capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles of cyclic voltammetry scans. 28304051 6 52 theme F 1116:1116 arg1 g-1 1118:1120 1606 F g-1 1111:1120 1606 F g-1 1111:1120 It was found that the NiS/CA composite aerogel electrodes exhibit excellent capacitive performance with high specific capacitance (1606 F g-1), good rate capacitance retention (69% at 10 A g-1), and enhanced cycling stability (91.2% retention after 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles at 100 mV s-1). 28304051 6 52 theme F 1116:1116 arg1 capacitance 1098:1108 high specific capacitance 1084:1108 high specific capacitance (1606 F g-1) 1084:1121 It was found that the NiS/CA composite aerogel electrodes exhibit excellent capacitive performance with high specific capacitance (1606 F g-1), good rate capacitance retention (69% at 10 A g-1), and enhanced cycling stability (91.2% retention after 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles at 100 mV s-1). 28304051 9 53 theme ASC 1772:1774 arg1 device 1776:1781 The ASC device 1768:1781 The ASC device 1768:1781 The ASC device also showed excellent long-term cycle stability with ∼87.1% specific capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles of cyclic voltammetry scans. 28304051 2 54 theme particles 393:401 arg1 conductivity 373:384 the conductivity 369:384 the conductivity of NiS particles 369:401 Preventing aggregation and increasing the conductivity of NiS particles are key challenging tasks to fully achieve excellent electrochemical properties of NiS. 28304051 1 55 theme high 226:229 arg1 capacities 243:252 high theoretical capacities 226:252 high theoretical capacities 226:252 Electroactive materials, such as nickel sulfide (NiS), with high theoretical capacities have attracted broad interest to fabricate highly efficient supercapacitors. 28304051 6 56 dep stability 1196:1204 arg1 % 1211:1211 91.2% 1207:1211 91.2% retention after 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles 1207:1271 It was found that the NiS/CA composite aerogel electrodes exhibit excellent capacitive performance with high specific capacitance (1606 F g-1), good rate capacitance retention (69% at 10 A g-1), and enhanced cycling stability (91.2% retention after 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles at 100 mV s-1). 28304051 8 57 theme capacitive 1574:1583 arg1 performance 1585:1595 the high capacitive performance 1565:1595 the high capacitive performance offered by NiS 1565:1610 Through the synergistic effect of three-dimensional porous structures and conductive networks derived from CA and the high capacitive performance offered by NiS, the ASC device exhibited an energy density of ∼21.5 Wh kg-1 and a power density of 700 W kg-1 at the working voltage of 1.4 V in 2 M KOH aqueous solution. 28304051 6 58 theme continuous 1236:1245 arg1 cycles 1266:1271 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles 1229:1271 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles 1229:1271 It was found that the NiS/CA composite aerogel electrodes exhibit excellent capacitive performance with high specific capacitance (1606 F g-1), good rate capacitance retention (69% at 10 A g-1), and enhanced cycling stability (91.2% retention after 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles at 100 mV s-1). 28304051 7 59 theme electrode 1416:1424 arg1 materials 1426:1434 the positive and negative electrode materials 1390:1434 the positive and negative electrode materials 1390:1434 Furthermore, asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) were constructed utilizing NiS/CA composite and CA as the positive and negative electrode materials, respectively. 28304051 7 59 theme electrode 1416:1424 arg1 CA 1384:1385 CA 1384:1385 CA 1384:1385 Furthermore, asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) were constructed utilizing NiS/CA composite and CA as the positive and negative electrode materials, respectively. 28304051 7 59 theme electrode 1416:1424 arg1 composite 1370:1378 NiS/CA composite 1363:1378 NiS/CA composite 1363:1378 Furthermore, asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) were constructed utilizing NiS/CA composite and CA as the positive and negative electrode materials, respectively. 28304051 6 60 theme specific 1089:1096 arg1 g-1 1118:1120 1606 F g-1 1111:1120 1606 F g-1 1111:1120 It was found that the NiS/CA composite aerogel electrodes exhibit excellent capacitive performance with high specific capacitance (1606 F g-1), good rate capacitance retention (69% at 10 A g-1), and enhanced cycling stability (91.2% retention after 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles at 100 mV s-1). 28304051 6 60 theme specific 1089:1096 arg1 capacitance 1098:1108 high specific capacitance 1084:1108 high specific capacitance (1606 F g-1) 1084:1121 It was found that the NiS/CA composite aerogel electrodes exhibit excellent capacitive performance with high specific capacitance (1606 F g-1), good rate capacitance retention (69% at 10 A g-1), and enhanced cycling stability (91.2% retention after 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles at 100 mV s-1). 28304051 9 61 theme excellent 1795:1803 arg1 stability 1821:1829 excellent long-term cycle stability 1795:1829 excellent long-term cycle stability 1795:1829 The ASC device also showed excellent long-term cycle stability with ∼87.1% specific capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles of cyclic voltammetry scans. 28304051 3 62 theme porous 568:573 arg1 aerogels 622:629 carbon aerogels 615:629 carbon aerogels 615:629 One effective approach to solve these problems is to combine NiS with highly porous and conductive carbon materials such as carbon aerogels. 28304051 3 62 theme porous 568:573 arg1 materials 597:605 highly porous and conductive carbon materials 561:605 highly porous and conductive carbon materials such as carbon aerogels 561:629 One effective approach to solve these problems is to combine NiS with highly porous and conductive carbon materials such as carbon aerogels. 28304051 9 63 theme cycle 1815:1819 arg1 stability 1821:1829 excellent long-term cycle stability 1795:1829 excellent long-term cycle stability 1795:1829 The ASC device also showed excellent long-term cycle stability with ∼87.1% specific capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles of cyclic voltammetry scans. 28304051 6 64 dep retention 1146:1154 arg1 % 1159:1159 69% at 10 1157:1165 69% at 10 A g-1 1157:1171 It was found that the NiS/CA composite aerogel electrodes exhibit excellent capacitive performance with high specific capacitance (1606 F g-1), good rate capacitance retention (69% at 10 A g-1), and enhanced cycling stability (91.2% retention after 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles at 100 mV s-1). 28304051 8 65 theme kg-1 1668:1671 arg1 density 1685:1691 a power density 1677:1691 a power density of 700 W kg-1 1677:1705 Through the synergistic effect of three-dimensional porous structures and conductive networks derived from CA and the high capacitive performance offered by NiS, the ASC device exhibited an energy density of ∼21.5 Wh kg-1 and a power density of 700 W kg-1 at the working voltage of 1.4 V in 2 M KOH aqueous solution. 28304051 8 65 theme kg-1 1668:1671 arg1 density 1648:1654 an energy density 1638:1654 an energy density of ∼21.5 Wh kg-1 1638:1671 Through the synergistic effect of three-dimensional porous structures and conductive networks derived from CA and the high capacitive performance offered by NiS, the ASC device exhibited an energy density of ∼21.5 Wh kg-1 and a power density of 700 W kg-1 at the working voltage of 1.4 V in 2 M KOH aqueous solution. 28304051 6 66 theme capacitance 1134:1144 arg1 retention 1146:1154 good rate capacitance retention 1124:1154 good rate capacitance retention (69% at 10 A g-1) 1124:1172 It was found that the NiS/CA composite aerogel electrodes exhibit excellent capacitive performance with high specific capacitance (1606 F g-1), good rate capacitance retention (69% at 10 A g-1), and enhanced cycling stability (91.2% retention after 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles at 100 mV s-1). 28304051 9 67 theme % 1841:1841 arg1 retention 1864:1872 ∼87.1% specific capacitance retention 1836:1872 ∼87.1% specific capacitance retention 1836:1872 The ASC device also showed excellent long-term cycle stability with ∼87.1% specific capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles of cyclic voltammetry scans. 28304051 5 68 used used 867:870 arg2 framework 877:885 a framework 875:885 a framework to construct NiS/CA composite aerogels with NiS uniformly decorated on the pore walls of CA 875:977 CA prepared by the dissolution-gelation-carbonization process was used as a framework to construct NiS/CA composite aerogels with NiS uniformly decorated on the pore walls of CA. 28304051 5 68 used used 867:870 arg2 CA 801:802 CA 801:802 CA prepared by the dissolution-gelation-carbonization process 801:861 CA prepared by the dissolution-gelation-carbonization process was used as a framework to construct NiS/CA composite aerogels with NiS uniformly decorated on the pore walls of CA. 28304051 7 69 theme NiS/CA 1363:1368 arg1 materials 1426:1434 the positive and negative electrode materials 1390:1434 the positive and negative electrode materials 1390:1434 Furthermore, asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) were constructed utilizing NiS/CA composite and CA as the positive and negative electrode materials, respectively. 28304051 7 69 theme NiS/CA 1363:1368 arg1 CA 1384:1385 CA 1384:1385 CA 1384:1385 Furthermore, asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) were constructed utilizing NiS/CA composite and CA as the positive and negative electrode materials, respectively. 28304051 7 69 theme NiS/CA 1363:1368 arg1 composite 1370:1378 NiS/CA composite 1363:1378 NiS/CA composite 1363:1378 Furthermore, asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) were constructed utilizing NiS/CA composite and CA as the positive and negative electrode materials, respectively. 28304051 6 70 theme good 1124:1127 arg1 retention 1146:1154 good rate capacitance retention 1124:1154 good rate capacitance retention (69% at 10 A g-1) 1124:1172 It was found that the NiS/CA composite aerogel electrodes exhibit excellent capacitive performance with high specific capacitance (1606 F g-1), good rate capacitance retention (69% at 10 A g-1), and enhanced cycling stability (91.2% retention after 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles at 100 mV s-1). 28304051 9 71 theme capacitance 1852:1862 arg1 retention 1864:1872 ∼87.1% specific capacitance retention 1836:1872 ∼87.1% specific capacitance retention 1836:1872 The ASC device also showed excellent long-term cycle stability with ∼87.1% specific capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles of cyclic voltammetry scans. 28304051 8 72 from voltage 1722:1728 arg1 solution 1758:1765 2 M KOH aqueous solution 1742:1765 2 M KOH aqueous solution 1742:1765 Through the synergistic effect of three-dimensional porous structures and conductive networks derived from CA and the high capacitive performance offered by NiS, the ASC device exhibited an energy density of ∼21.5 Wh kg-1 and a power density of 700 W kg-1 at the working voltage of 1.4 V in 2 M KOH aqueous solution. 28304051 0 73 theme asymmetric 138:147 arg1 supercapacitors 149:163 asymmetric supercapacitors 138:163 asymmetric supercapacitors 138:163 Bacterial cellulose-based sheet-like carbon aerogels for the in situ growth of nickel sulfide as high performance electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors. 28304051 5 74 theme dissolution-gelation-carbonization 820:853 arg1 process 855:861 the dissolution-gelation-carbonization process 816:861 the dissolution-gelation-carbonization process 816:861 CA prepared by the dissolution-gelation-carbonization process was used as a framework to construct NiS/CA composite aerogels with NiS uniformly decorated on the pore walls of CA. 28304051 6 75 theme enhanced 1179:1186 arg1 stability 1196:1204 enhanced cycling stability 1179:1204 enhanced cycling stability (91.2% retention after 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles at 100 mV s-1) 1179:1286 It was found that the NiS/CA composite aerogel electrodes exhibit excellent capacitive performance with high specific capacitance (1606 F g-1), good rate capacitance retention (69% at 10 A g-1), and enhanced cycling stability (91.2% retention after 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles at 100 mV s-1). 28304051 6 76 dep % 1159:1159 arg1 g-1 1169:1171 A g-1 1167:1171 69% at 10 A g-1 1157:1171 It was found that the NiS/CA composite aerogel electrodes exhibit excellent capacitive performance with high specific capacitance (1606 F g-1), good rate capacitance retention (69% at 10 A g-1), and enhanced cycling stability (91.2% retention after 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles at 100 mV s-1). 28304051 5 77 theme composite 907:915 arg1 aerogels 917:924 NiS/CA composite aerogels 900:924 NiS/CA composite aerogels with NiS uniformly decorated on the pore walls of CA 900:977 CA prepared by the dissolution-gelation-carbonization process was used as a framework to construct NiS/CA composite aerogels with NiS uniformly decorated on the pore walls of CA. 28304051 4 78 theme particles 703:711 arg1 growth 689:694 the in situ growth 677:694 the in situ growth of NiS particles on bacterial cellulose (BC)-derived sheet-like carbon aerogels (CAs) 677:780 In this study, a green and facile method for the in situ growth of NiS particles on bacterial cellulose (BC)-derived sheet-like carbon aerogels (CAs) has been reported. 28304051 6 79 theme voltammetry 1254:1264 arg1 cycles 1266:1271 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles 1229:1271 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles 1229:1271 It was found that the NiS/CA composite aerogel electrodes exhibit excellent capacitive performance with high specific capacitance (1606 F g-1), good rate capacitance retention (69% at 10 A g-1), and enhanced cycling stability (91.2% retention after 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles at 100 mV s-1). 28304051 8 80 theme kg-1 1702:1705 arg1 density 1685:1691 a power density 1677:1691 a power density of 700 W kg-1 1677:1705 Through the synergistic effect of three-dimensional porous structures and conductive networks derived from CA and the high capacitive performance offered by NiS, the ASC device exhibited an energy density of ∼21.5 Wh kg-1 and a power density of 700 W kg-1 at the working voltage of 1.4 V in 2 M KOH aqueous solution. 28304051 8 80 theme kg-1 1702:1705 arg1 density 1648:1654 an energy density 1638:1654 an energy density of ∼21.5 Wh kg-1 1638:1671 Through the synergistic effect of three-dimensional porous structures and conductive networks derived from CA and the high capacitive performance offered by NiS, the ASC device exhibited an energy density of ∼21.5 Wh kg-1 and a power density of 700 W kg-1 at the working voltage of 1.4 V in 2 M KOH aqueous solution. 28304051 3 81 theme conductive 579:588 arg1 aerogels 622:629 carbon aerogels 615:629 carbon aerogels 615:629 One effective approach to solve these problems is to combine NiS with highly porous and conductive carbon materials such as carbon aerogels. 28304051 3 81 theme conductive 579:588 arg1 materials 597:605 highly porous and conductive carbon materials 561:605 highly porous and conductive carbon materials such as carbon aerogels 561:629 One effective approach to solve these problems is to combine NiS with highly porous and conductive carbon materials such as carbon aerogels. 28304051 6 82 theme composite 1009:1017 arg1 electrodes 1027:1036 the NiS/CA composite aerogel electrodes 998:1036 the NiS/CA composite aerogel electrodes 998:1036 It was found that the NiS/CA composite aerogel electrodes exhibit excellent capacitive performance with high specific capacitance (1606 F g-1), good rate capacitance retention (69% at 10 A g-1), and enhanced cycling stability (91.2% retention after 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles at 100 mV s-1). 28304051 7 83 theme asymmetric 1302:1311 arg1 ASCs 1330:1333 ASCs 1330:1333 ASCs 1330:1333 Furthermore, asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) were constructed utilizing NiS/CA composite and CA as the positive and negative electrode materials, respectively. 28304051 7 83 theme asymmetric 1302:1311 arg1 supercapacitors 1313:1327 asymmetric supercapacitors 1302:1327 asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) 1302:1334 Furthermore, asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) were constructed utilizing NiS/CA composite and CA as the positive and negative electrode materials, respectively. 28304051 9 84 theme cyclic 1897:1902 arg1 scans 1916:1920 cyclic voltammetry scans 1897:1920 cyclic voltammetry scans 1897:1920 The ASC device also showed excellent long-term cycle stability with ∼87.1% specific capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles of cyclic voltammetry scans. 28304051 4 85 theme bacterial 716:724 arg1 CAs 777:779 CAs 777:779 CAs 777:779 In this study, a green and facile method for the in situ growth of NiS particles on bacterial cellulose (BC)-derived sheet-like carbon aerogels (CAs) has been reported. 28304051 4 85 theme bacterial 716:724 arg1 aerogels 767:774 bacterial cellulose (BC)-derived sheet-like carbon aerogels 716:774 bacterial cellulose (BC)-derived sheet-like carbon aerogels (CAs) 716:780 In this study, a green and facile method for the in situ growth of NiS particles on bacterial cellulose (BC)-derived sheet-like carbon aerogels (CAs) has been reported. 28304051 9 86 theme scans 1916:1920 arg1 cycles 1887:1892 10 000 cycles 1880:1892 10 000 cycles of cyclic voltammetry scans 1880:1920 The ASC device also showed excellent long-term cycle stability with ∼87.1% specific capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles of cyclic voltammetry scans. 28304051 0 87 theme nickel 79:84 arg1 growth 69:74 the in situ growth 57:74 the in situ growth of nickel 57:84 Bacterial cellulose-based sheet-like carbon aerogels for the in situ growth of nickel sulfide as high performance electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors. 28304051 1 88 theme Electroactive 166:178 arg1 sulfide 206:212 nickel sulfide 199:212 nickel sulfide (NiS) 199:218 Electroactive materials, such as nickel sulfide (NiS), with high theoretical capacities have attracted broad interest to fabricate highly efficient supercapacitors. 28304051 1 88 theme Electroactive 166:178 arg1 materials 180:188 Electroactive materials 166:188 Electroactive materials 166:188 Electroactive materials, such as nickel sulfide (NiS), with high theoretical capacities have attracted broad interest to fabricate highly efficient supercapacitors. 28304051 8 89 theme synergistic 1463:1473 arg1 effect 1475:1480 the synergistic effect 1459:1480 the synergistic effect of three-dimensional porous structures and conductive networks derived from CA and the high capacitive performance offered by NiS 1459:1610 Through the synergistic effect of three-dimensional porous structures and conductive networks derived from CA and the high capacitive performance offered by NiS, the ASC device exhibited an energy density of ∼21.5 Wh kg-1 and a power density of 700 W kg-1 at the working voltage of 1.4 V in 2 M KOH aqueous solution. 28304051 10 90 theme great 1961:1965 arg1 alternative 1992:2002 a promising alternative 1980:2002 a promising alternative to high-performance electrode materials for supercapacitors 1980:2062 Therefore, the NiS/CA composite shows great potential as a promising alternative to high-performance electrode materials for supercapacitors. 28304051 10 90 theme great 1961:1965 arg1 potential 1967:1975 great potential 1961:1975 great potential 1961:1975 Therefore, the NiS/CA composite shows great potential as a promising alternative to high-performance electrode materials for supercapacitors. 28304051 5 91 theme pore 962:965 arg1 walls 967:971 the pore walls 958:971 the pore walls of CA 958:977 CA prepared by the dissolution-gelation-carbonization process was used as a framework to construct NiS/CA composite aerogels with NiS uniformly decorated on the pore walls of CA. 28304051 4 92 theme sheet-like 749:758 arg1 CAs 777:779 CAs 777:779 CAs 777:779 In this study, a green and facile method for the in situ growth of NiS particles on bacterial cellulose (BC)-derived sheet-like carbon aerogels (CAs) has been reported. 28304051 4 92 theme sheet-like 749:758 arg1 aerogels 767:774 bacterial cellulose (BC)-derived sheet-like carbon aerogels 716:774 bacterial cellulose (BC)-derived sheet-like carbon aerogels (CAs) 716:780 In this study, a green and facile method for the in situ growth of NiS particles on bacterial cellulose (BC)-derived sheet-like carbon aerogels (CAs) has been reported. 28304051 0 93 theme performance 102:112 arg1 materials 124:132 high performance electrode materials 97:132 high performance electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors 97:163 Bacterial cellulose-based sheet-like carbon aerogels for the in situ growth of nickel sulfide as high performance electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors. 28304051 6 94 theme high 1084:1087 arg1 g-1 1118:1120 1606 F g-1 1111:1120 1606 F g-1 1111:1120 It was found that the NiS/CA composite aerogel electrodes exhibit excellent capacitive performance with high specific capacitance (1606 F g-1), good rate capacitance retention (69% at 10 A g-1), and enhanced cycling stability (91.2% retention after 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles at 100 mV s-1). 28304051 6 94 theme high 1084:1087 arg1 capacitance 1098:1108 high specific capacitance 1084:1108 high specific capacitance (1606 F g-1) 1084:1121 It was found that the NiS/CA composite aerogel electrodes exhibit excellent capacitive performance with high specific capacitance (1606 F g-1), good rate capacitance retention (69% at 10 A g-1), and enhanced cycling stability (91.2% retention after 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles at 100 mV s-1). 28304051 8 95 theme porous 1503:1508 arg1 structures 1510:1519 three-dimensional porous structures 1485:1519 three-dimensional porous structures 1485:1519 Through the synergistic effect of three-dimensional porous structures and conductive networks derived from CA and the high capacitive performance offered by NiS, the ASC device exhibited an energy density of ∼21.5 Wh kg-1 and a power density of 700 W kg-1 at the working voltage of 1.4 V in 2 M KOH aqueous solution. 28304051 2 96 theme challenging 411:421 arg1 tasks 423:427 key challenging tasks 407:427 key challenging tasks to fully achieve excellent electrochemical properties of NiS 407:488 Preventing aggregation and increasing the conductivity of NiS particles are key challenging tasks to fully achieve excellent electrochemical properties of NiS. 28304051 0 97 theme cellulose-based 10:24 arg1 aerogels 44:51 Bacterial cellulose-based sheet-like carbon aerogels 0:51 Bacterial cellulose-based sheet-like carbon aerogels for the in situ growth of nickel 0:84 Bacterial cellulose-based sheet-like carbon aerogels for the in situ growth of nickel sulfide as high performance electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors. 28304051 8 98 theme M 1744:1744 arg1 solution 1758:1765 2 M KOH aqueous solution 1742:1765 2 M KOH aqueous solution 1742:1765 Through the synergistic effect of three-dimensional porous structures and conductive networks derived from CA and the high capacitive performance offered by NiS, the ASC device exhibited an energy density of ∼21.5 Wh kg-1 and a power density of 700 W kg-1 at the working voltage of 1.4 V in 2 M KOH aqueous solution. 28304051 6 99 theme mV 1280:1281 arg1 s-1 1283:1285 100 mV s-1 1276:1285 100 mV s-1 1276:1285 It was found that the NiS/CA composite aerogel electrodes exhibit excellent capacitive performance with high specific capacitance (1606 F g-1), good rate capacitance retention (69% at 10 A g-1), and enhanced cycling stability (91.2% retention after 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles at 100 mV s-1). 28304051 5 100 with aerogels 917:924 arg1 NiS 931:933 NiS 931:933 NiS uniformly decorated on the pore walls of CA 931:977 CA prepared by the dissolution-gelation-carbonization process was used as a framework to construct NiS/CA composite aerogels with NiS uniformly decorated on the pore walls of CA. 28304051 0 101 theme carbon 37:42 arg1 aerogels 44:51 Bacterial cellulose-based sheet-like carbon aerogels 0:51 Bacterial cellulose-based sheet-like carbon aerogels for the in situ growth of nickel 0:84 Bacterial cellulose-based sheet-like carbon aerogels for the in situ growth of nickel sulfide as high performance electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors. 28304051 8 102 theme aqueous 1750:1756 arg1 solution 1758:1765 2 M KOH aqueous solution 1742:1765 2 M KOH aqueous solution 1742:1765 Through the synergistic effect of three-dimensional porous structures and conductive networks derived from CA and the high capacitive performance offered by NiS, the ASC device exhibited an energy density of ∼21.5 Wh kg-1 and a power density of 700 W kg-1 at the working voltage of 1.4 V in 2 M KOH aqueous solution. 28304051 6 103 theme excellent 1046:1054 arg1 performance 1067:1077 excellent capacitive performance 1046:1077 excellent capacitive performance with high specific capacitance (1606 F g-1), good rate capacitance retention (69% at 10 A g-1), and enhanced cycling stability (91.2% retention after 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles at 100 mV s-1) 1046:1286 It was found that the NiS/CA composite aerogel electrodes exhibit excellent capacitive performance with high specific capacitance (1606 F g-1), good rate capacitance retention (69% at 10 A g-1), and enhanced cycling stability (91.2% retention after 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles at 100 mV s-1). 28304051 2 104 theme electrochemical 456:470 arg1 properties 472:481 excellent electrochemical properties 446:481 excellent electrochemical properties of NiS 446:488 Preventing aggregation and increasing the conductivity of NiS particles are key challenging tasks to fully achieve excellent electrochemical properties of NiS. 28304051 8 105 theme networks 1536:1543 arg1 effect 1475:1480 the synergistic effect 1459:1480 the synergistic effect of three-dimensional porous structures and conductive networks derived from CA and the high capacitive performance offered by NiS 1459:1610 Through the synergistic effect of three-dimensional porous structures and conductive networks derived from CA and the high capacitive performance offered by NiS, the ASC device exhibited an energy density of ∼21.5 Wh kg-1 and a power density of 700 W kg-1 at the working voltage of 1.4 V in 2 M KOH aqueous solution. 28304051 6 106 from s-1 1283:1285 arg1 % 1211:1211 91.2% 1207:1211 91.2% retention after 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles 1207:1271 It was found that the NiS/CA composite aerogel electrodes exhibit excellent capacitive performance with high specific capacitance (1606 F g-1), good rate capacitance retention (69% at 10 A g-1), and enhanced cycling stability (91.2% retention after 10 000 continuous cyclic voltammetry cycles at 100 mV s-1). 28304051 0 107 dep in 61:62 arg1 situ 64:67 situ 64:67 situ 64:67 Bacterial cellulose-based sheet-like carbon aerogels for the in situ growth of nickel sulfide as high performance electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors. 28304051 0 108 theme in 61:62 arg1 growth 69:74 the in situ growth 57:74 the in situ growth of nickel 57:84 Bacterial cellulose-based sheet-like carbon aerogels for the in situ growth of nickel sulfide as high performance electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors. 28304051 8 109 theme ASC 1617:1619 arg1 device 1621:1626 the ASC device 1613:1626 the ASC device 1613:1626 Through the synergistic effect of three-dimensional porous structures and conductive networks derived from CA and the high capacitive performance offered by NiS, the ASC device exhibited an energy density of ∼21.5 Wh kg-1 and a power density of 700 W kg-1 at the working voltage of 1.4 V in 2 M KOH aqueous solution. 28304051 4 110 dep in 681:682 arg1 situ 684:687 situ 684:687 situ 684:687 In this study, a green and facile method for the in situ growth of NiS particles on bacterial cellulose (BC)-derived sheet-like carbon aerogels (CAs) has been reported. 28304051 10 111 theme promising 1982:1990 arg1 alternative 1992:2002 a promising alternative 1980:2002 a promising alternative to high-performance electrode materials for supercapacitors 1980:2062 Therefore, the NiS/CA composite shows great potential as a promising alternative to high-performance electrode materials for supercapacitors. 28304051 10 111 theme promising 1982:1990 arg1 potential 1967:1975 great potential 1961:1975 great potential 1961:1975 Therefore, the NiS/CA composite shows great potential as a promising alternative to high-performance electrode materials for supercapacitors. 28304051 8 112 theme high 1569:1572 arg1 performance 1585:1595 the high capacitive performance 1565:1595 the high capacitive performance offered by NiS 1565:1610 Through the synergistic effect of three-dimensional porous structures and conductive networks derived from CA and the high capacitive performance offered by NiS, the ASC device exhibited an energy density of ∼21.5 Wh kg-1 and a power density of 700 W kg-1 at the working voltage of 1.4 V in 2 M KOH aqueous solution. 28304051 4 113 link -derived 740:747 arg1 CAs 777:779 CAs 777:779 CAs 777:779 In this study, a green and facile method for the in situ growth of NiS particles on bacterial cellulose (BC)-derived sheet-like carbon aerogels (CAs) has been reported. 28304051 4 113 link -derived 740:747 arg1 aerogels 767:774 bacterial cellulose (BC)-derived sheet-like carbon aerogels 716:774 bacterial cellulose (BC)-derived sheet-like carbon aerogels (CAs) 716:780 In this study, a green and facile method for the in situ growth of NiS particles on bacterial cellulose (BC)-derived sheet-like carbon aerogels (CAs) has been reported. 28304051 2 114 theme NiS 389:391 arg1 particles 393:401 NiS particles 389:401 NiS particles 389:401 Preventing aggregation and increasing the conductivity of NiS particles are key challenging tasks to fully achieve excellent electrochemical properties of NiS. 28304051 8 115 theme energy 1641:1646 arg1 density 1648:1654 an energy density 1638:1654 an energy density of ∼21.5 Wh kg-1 1638:1671 Through the synergistic effect of three-dimensional porous structures and conductive networks derived from CA and the high capacitive performance offered by NiS, the ASC device exhibited an energy density of ∼21.5 Wh kg-1 and a power density of 700 W kg-1 at the working voltage of 1.4 V in 2 M KOH aqueous solution. 28304051 1 116 theme theoretical 231:241 arg1 capacities 243:252 high theoretical capacities 226:252 high theoretical capacities 226:252 Electroactive materials, such as nickel sulfide (NiS), with high theoretical capacities have attracted broad interest to fabricate highly efficient supercapacitors. 25123942 0 0 theme aqueous 296:302 arg1 composition 304:314 the aqueous composition 292:314 the aqueous composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands 292:424 FT-IR and FT-Raman studies of cross-linking processes with Ca(2+) ions, glutaraldehyde and microwave radiation for polymer composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods allowed to identify the cross-linking process of the aqueous composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands. 25123942 0 1 theme acrylic 143:149 arg1 poly 138:141 poly 138:141 poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods 138:241 FT-IR and FT-Raman studies of cross-linking processes with Ca(2+) ions, glutaraldehyde and microwave radiation for polymer composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods allowed to identify the cross-linking process of the aqueous composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands. 25123942 0 1 theme acrylic 143:149 arg1 acid 151:154 acrylic acid 143:154 acrylic acid 143:154 FT-IR and FT-Raman studies of cross-linking processes with Ca(2+) ions, glutaraldehyde and microwave radiation for polymer composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods allowed to identify the cross-linking process of the aqueous composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands. 25123942 0 2 theme FT-IR 202:206 arg1 salt 164:167 poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt 138:167 poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods 138:241 FT-IR and FT-Raman studies of cross-linking processes with Ca(2+) ions, glutaraldehyde and microwave radiation for polymer composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods allowed to identify the cross-linking process of the aqueous composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands. 25123942 3 3 theme hemiacetal 787:796 arg1 structures 809:818 hemiacetal and acetal structures 787:818 hemiacetal and acetal structures 787:818 Glutaraldehyde generates formation of cross-linking bonds with hemiacetal and acetal structures. 25123942 0 4 theme /sodium 156:162 arg1 salt 164:167 poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt 138:167 poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods 138:241 FT-IR and FT-Raman studies of cross-linking processes with Ca(2+) ions, glutaraldehyde and microwave radiation for polymer composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods allowed to identify the cross-linking process of the aqueous composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands. 25123942 0 5 theme I. 199:200 arg1 FT-IR 202:206 carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR 172:206 carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR 172:206 FT-IR and FT-Raman studies of cross-linking processes with Ca(2+) ions, glutaraldehyde and microwave radiation for polymer composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods allowed to identify the cross-linking process of the aqueous composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands. 25123942 1 6 theme cross-linking 494:506 arg1 substances 508:517 cross-linking substances 494:517 cross-linking substances 494:517 The cross-linking was performed by chemical methods by introducing cross-linking substances with Ca(2+) ions or glutaraldehyde and by physical way, applying the microwave radiation. 25123942 3 7 theme cross-linking 762:774 arg1 bonds 776:780 cross-linking bonds 762:780 cross-linking bonds 762:780 Glutaraldehyde generates formation of cross-linking bonds with hemiacetal and acetal structures. 25123942 0 8 theme FT-Raman 212:219 arg1 methods 235:241 FT-Raman spectroscopic methods 212:241 FT-Raman spectroscopic methods 212:241 FT-IR and FT-Raman studies of cross-linking processes with Ca(2+) ions, glutaraldehyde and microwave radiation for polymer composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods allowed to identify the cross-linking process of the aqueous composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands. 25123942 2 9 theme carboxylate 704:714 arg1 groups 716:721 carboxyl and carboxylate groups 691:721 groups 716:721 It was found that Ca(2+) ions cause formation of cross-linking ionic bonds within carboxyl and carboxylate groups. 25123942 0 10 theme poly 319:322 arg1 salt 345:348 poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt 319:348 poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands 319:424 FT-IR and FT-Raman studies of cross-linking processes with Ca(2+) ions, glutaraldehyde and microwave radiation for polymer composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods allowed to identify the cross-linking process of the aqueous composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands. 25123942 3 11 theme bonds 776:780 arg1 formation 749:757 formation 749:757 formation of cross-linking bonds with hemiacetal and acetal structures 749:818 Glutaraldehyde generates formation of cross-linking bonds with hemiacetal and acetal structures. 25123942 4 12 theme anhydride 906:914 arg1 bonds 916:920 anhydride bonds 906:920 anhydride bonds 906:920 Whereas in the microwave radiation field, due to dehydration, lattices are formed by anhydride bonds. 25123942 2 13 theme carboxyl 691:698 arg1 groups 716:721 carboxyl and carboxylate groups 691:721 groups 716:721 It was found that Ca(2+) ions cause formation of cross-linking ionic bonds within carboxyl and carboxylate groups. 25123942 0 14 theme salt 164:167 arg1 composition 123:133 polymer composition 115:133 polymer composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods 115:241 FT-IR and FT-Raman studies of cross-linking processes with Ca(2+) ions, glutaraldehyde and microwave radiation for polymer composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods allowed to identify the cross-linking process of the aqueous composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands. 25123942 0 15 theme methods 235:241 arg1 salt 164:167 poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt 138:167 poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods 138:241 FT-IR and FT-Raman studies of cross-linking processes with Ca(2+) ions, glutaraldehyde and microwave radiation for polymer composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods allowed to identify the cross-linking process of the aqueous composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands. 25123942 0 16 theme acrylic 324:330 arg1 poly 319:322 poly 319:322 poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands 319:424 FT-IR and FT-Raman studies of cross-linking processes with Ca(2+) ions, glutaraldehyde and microwave radiation for polymer composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods allowed to identify the cross-linking process of the aqueous composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands. 25123942 0 16 theme acrylic 324:330 arg1 acid 332:335 acrylic acid 324:335 acrylic acid 324:335 FT-IR and FT-Raman studies of cross-linking processes with Ca(2+) ions, glutaraldehyde and microwave radiation for polymer composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods allowed to identify the cross-linking process of the aqueous composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands. 25123942 1 17 theme microwave 588:596 arg1 radiation 598:606 the microwave radiation 584:606 the microwave radiation 584:606 The cross-linking was performed by chemical methods by introducing cross-linking substances with Ca(2+) ions or glutaraldehyde and by physical way, applying the microwave radiation. 25123942 0 18 theme starch--part 186:197 arg1 FT-IR 202:206 carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR 172:206 carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR 172:206 FT-IR and FT-Raman studies of cross-linking processes with Ca(2+) ions, glutaraldehyde and microwave radiation for polymer composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods allowed to identify the cross-linking process of the aqueous composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands. 25123942 0 19 theme spectroscopic 221:233 arg1 methods 235:241 FT-Raman spectroscopic methods 212:241 FT-Raman spectroscopic methods 212:241 FT-IR and FT-Raman studies of cross-linking processes with Ca(2+) ions, glutaraldehyde and microwave radiation for polymer composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods allowed to identify the cross-linking process of the aqueous composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands. 25123942 2 20 theme ionic 672:676 arg1 bonds 678:682 cross-linking ionic bonds 658:682 cross-linking ionic bonds within carboxyl and carboxylate groups 658:721 It was found that Ca(2+) ions cause formation of cross-linking ionic bonds within carboxyl and carboxylate groups. 25123942 0 21 theme FT-IR 0:4 arg1 studies 19:25 FT-IR and FT-Raman studies 0:25 studies 19:25 FT-IR and FT-Raman studies of cross-linking processes with Ca(2+) ions, glutaraldehyde and microwave radiation for polymer composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods allowed to identify the cross-linking process of the aqueous composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands. 25123942 0 22 theme carboxymethyl 172:184 arg1 FT-IR 202:206 carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR 172:206 carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR 172:206 FT-IR and FT-Raman studies of cross-linking processes with Ca(2+) ions, glutaraldehyde and microwave radiation for polymer composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods allowed to identify the cross-linking process of the aqueous composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands. 25123942 0 23 theme FT-Raman 10:17 arg1 studies 19:25 FT-IR and FT-Raman studies 0:25 studies 19:25 FT-IR and FT-Raman studies of cross-linking processes with Ca(2+) ions, glutaraldehyde and microwave radiation for polymer composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods allowed to identify the cross-linking process of the aqueous composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands. 25123942 0 24 theme microwave 91:99 arg1 radiation 101:109 microwave radiation 91:109 microwave radiation 91:109 FT-IR and FT-Raman studies of cross-linking processes with Ca(2+) ions, glutaraldehyde and microwave radiation for polymer composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods allowed to identify the cross-linking process of the aqueous composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands. 25123942 0 25 theme salt 345:348 arg1 composition 304:314 the aqueous composition 292:314 the aqueous composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands 292:424 FT-IR and FT-Raman studies of cross-linking processes with Ca(2+) ions, glutaraldehyde and microwave radiation for polymer composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods allowed to identify the cross-linking process of the aqueous composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands. 25123942 0 26 theme cross-linking 30:42 arg1 processes 44:52 cross-linking processes 30:52 cross-linking processes with Ca(2+) ions, glutaraldehyde and microwave radiation for polymer composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods 30:241 FT-IR and FT-Raman studies of cross-linking processes with Ca(2+) ions, glutaraldehyde and microwave radiation for polymer composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods allowed to identify the cross-linking process of the aqueous composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands. 25123942 0 27 theme polymer 115:121 arg1 composition 123:133 polymer composition 115:133 polymer composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods 115:241 FT-IR and FT-Raman studies of cross-linking processes with Ca(2+) ions, glutaraldehyde and microwave radiation for polymer composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods allowed to identify the cross-linking process of the aqueous composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands. 25123942 0 28 theme /sodium 337:343 arg1 salt 345:348 poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt 319:348 poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands 319:424 FT-IR and FT-Raman studies of cross-linking processes with Ca(2+) ions, glutaraldehyde and microwave radiation for polymer composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods allowed to identify the cross-linking process of the aqueous composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands. 25123942 3 29 with formation 749:757 arg1 structures 809:818 hemiacetal and acetal structures 787:818 hemiacetal and acetal structures 787:818 Glutaraldehyde generates formation of cross-linking bonds with hemiacetal and acetal structures. 25123942 0 30 theme processes 44:52 arg1 studies 19:25 FT-IR and FT-Raman studies 0:25 studies 19:25 FT-IR and FT-Raman studies of cross-linking processes with Ca(2+) ions, glutaraldehyde and microwave radiation for polymer composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods allowed to identify the cross-linking process of the aqueous composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands. 25123942 4 31 theme radiation 846:854 arg1 field 856:860 the microwave radiation field 832:860 the microwave radiation field 832:860 Whereas in the microwave radiation field, due to dehydration, lattices are formed by anhydride bonds. 25123942 4 32 theme microwave 836:844 arg1 field 856:860 the microwave radiation field 832:860 the microwave radiation field 832:860 Whereas in the microwave radiation field, due to dehydration, lattices are formed by anhydride bonds. 25123942 0 33 theme carboxymethyl 353:365 arg1 starch 367:372 carboxymethyl starch 353:372 carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands 353:424 FT-IR and FT-Raman studies of cross-linking processes with Ca(2+) ions, glutaraldehyde and microwave radiation for polymer composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods allowed to identify the cross-linking process of the aqueous composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands. 25123942 0 33 theme carboxymethyl 353:365 arg1 PAA/CMS-Na 375:384 PAA/CMS-Na 375:384 PAA/CMS-Na 375:384 FT-IR and FT-Raman studies of cross-linking processes with Ca(2+) ions, glutaraldehyde and microwave radiation for polymer composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods allowed to identify the cross-linking process of the aqueous composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands. 25123942 2 34 theme Ca 627:628 arg1 ions 634:637 Ca(2+) ions 627:637 Ca(2+) ions 627:637 It was found that Ca(2+) ions cause formation of cross-linking ionic bonds within carboxyl and carboxylate groups. 25123942 0 35 theme cross-linking 267:279 arg1 process 281:287 the cross-linking process 263:287 the cross-linking process of the aqueous composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands 263:424 FT-IR and FT-Raman studies of cross-linking processes with Ca(2+) ions, glutaraldehyde and microwave radiation for polymer composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods allowed to identify the cross-linking process of the aqueous composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands. 25123942 3 36 theme acetal 802:807 arg1 structures 809:818 hemiacetal and acetal structures 787:818 hemiacetal and acetal structures 787:818 Glutaraldehyde generates formation of cross-linking bonds with hemiacetal and acetal structures. 25123942 0 37 theme poly 138:141 arg1 salt 164:167 poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt 138:167 poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods 138:241 FT-IR and FT-Raman studies of cross-linking processes with Ca(2+) ions, glutaraldehyde and microwave radiation for polymer composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods allowed to identify the cross-linking process of the aqueous composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands. 25123942 2 38 theme cross-linking 658:670 arg1 bonds 678:682 cross-linking ionic bonds 658:682 cross-linking ionic bonds within carboxyl and carboxylate groups 658:721 It was found that Ca(2+) ions cause formation of cross-linking ionic bonds within carboxyl and carboxylate groups. 25123942 1 39 theme chemical 462:469 arg1 methods 471:477 chemical methods 462:477 chemical methods 462:477 The cross-linking was performed by chemical methods by introducing cross-linking substances with Ca(2+) ions or glutaraldehyde and by physical way, applying the microwave radiation. 25123942 4 40 dep formed 896:901 arg1 Whereas 821:827 Whereas 821:827 Whereas 821:827 Whereas in the microwave radiation field, due to dehydration, lattices are formed by anhydride bonds. 25123942 1 41 theme Ca 524:525 arg1 ions 531:534 Ca(2+) ions 524:534 Ca(2+) ions 524:534 The cross-linking was performed by chemical methods by introducing cross-linking substances with Ca(2+) ions or glutaraldehyde and by physical way, applying the microwave radiation. 25123942 1 42 theme physical 561:568 arg1 way 570:572 physical way 561:572 physical way 561:572 The cross-linking was performed by chemical methods by introducing cross-linking substances with Ca(2+) ions or glutaraldehyde and by physical way, applying the microwave radiation. 25123942 0 43 with processes 44:52 arg1 glutaraldehyde 72:85 glutaraldehyde 72:85 glutaraldehyde 72:85 FT-IR and FT-Raman studies of cross-linking processes with Ca(2+) ions, glutaraldehyde and microwave radiation for polymer composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods allowed to identify the cross-linking process of the aqueous composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands. 25123942 0 43 with processes 44:52 arg1 radiation 101:109 microwave radiation 91:109 microwave radiation 91:109 FT-IR and FT-Raman studies of cross-linking processes with Ca(2+) ions, glutaraldehyde and microwave radiation for polymer composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods allowed to identify the cross-linking process of the aqueous composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands. 25123942 0 43 with processes 44:52 arg1 ions 66:69 Ca(2+) ions 59:69 Ca(2+) ions 59:69 FT-IR and FT-Raman studies of cross-linking processes with Ca(2+) ions, glutaraldehyde and microwave radiation for polymer composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods allowed to identify the cross-linking process of the aqueous composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands. 25123942 0 44 theme starch 367:372 arg1 salt 345:348 poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt 319:348 poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands 319:424 FT-IR and FT-Raman studies of cross-linking processes with Ca(2+) ions, glutaraldehyde and microwave radiation for polymer composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods allowed to identify the cross-linking process of the aqueous composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands. 25123942 0 45 theme moulding 411:418 arg1 sands 420:424 moulding sands 411:424 moulding sands 411:424 FT-IR and FT-Raman studies of cross-linking processes with Ca(2+) ions, glutaraldehyde and microwave radiation for polymer composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods allowed to identify the cross-linking process of the aqueous composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands. 25123942 0 46 theme Ca 59:60 arg1 ions 66:69 Ca(2+) ions 59:69 Ca(2+) ions 59:69 FT-IR and FT-Raman studies of cross-linking processes with Ca(2+) ions, glutaraldehyde and microwave radiation for polymer composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods allowed to identify the cross-linking process of the aqueous composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands. 25123942 0 47 theme composition 304:314 arg1 process 281:287 the cross-linking process 263:287 the cross-linking process of the aqueous composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands 263:424 FT-IR and FT-Raman studies of cross-linking processes with Ca(2+) ions, glutaraldehyde and microwave radiation for polymer composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch--part I. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods allowed to identify the cross-linking process of the aqueous composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands. 25123942 2 48 theme bonds 678:682 arg1 formation 645:653 formation 645:653 formation of cross-linking ionic bonds within carboxyl and carboxylate groups 645:721 It was found that Ca(2+) ions cause formation of cross-linking ionic bonds within carboxyl and carboxylate groups. 29140181 8 0 theme BC-BMSF/HAp 1742:1752 arg1 membrane 1754:1761 the BC-BMSF/HAp membrane 1738:1761 the BC-BMSF/HAp membrane 1738:1761 In vitro cell culture exhibited that MC3T3-E1 cells on the BC-AYSF/HAp membrane took on higher proliferative potential than those on the BC-BMSF/HAp membrane. 29140181 6 1 theme mechanical 1266:1275 arg1 little 1360:1365 little 1360:1365 little 1360:1365 Compression testing indicated that the mechanical strength of BC-BMSF/HAp was greatly reinforced compared with BC/HAp and was even a little higher than that of BC-AYSF/HAp. 29140181 6 1 theme mechanical 1266:1275 arg1 strength 1277:1284 the mechanical strength 1262:1284 the mechanical strength of BC-BMSF/HAp 1262:1299 Compression testing indicated that the mechanical strength of BC-BMSF/HAp was greatly reinforced compared with BC/HAp and was even a little higher than that of BC-AYSF/HAp. 29140181 1 2 theme widespread 304:313 arg1 applications 315:326 its widespread applications 300:326 its widespread applications in bone tissue engineering (BTE) 300:359 Bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite (BC/HAp) composite had favourable bioaffinity but its poor mechanical strength limited its widespread applications in bone tissue engineering (BTE). 29140181 7 3 from strength 1550:1557 arg1 modulus 1508:1514 a higher elastic modulus 1491:1514 a higher elastic modulus at low strain and higher fracture strength simultaneously than the other two composites 1491:1602 Tensile testing showed that BC-AYSF/HAp possesses extraordinary mechanical properties with a higher elastic modulus at low strain and higher fracture strength simultaneously than the other two composites. 29140181 3 4 theme in 823:824 arg1 hybridization 831:843 a novel in situ hybridization 815:843 a novel in situ hybridization method 815:850 In this regard, bacterial cellulose-Antheraea yamamai silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-AYSF/HAp), bacterial cellulose-Bombyx mori silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-BMSF/HAp), and BC/HAp nano-composites were synthesized via a novel in situ hybridization method. 29140181 2 5 contain have 495:498 arg1 SFs 491:493 different SFs 481:493 different SFs 481:493 Silk fibroin, which possesses special crystalline structure, has been widely used as organic reinforcing material, and different SFs have different amino acid sequences, which exhibit different bioaffinity and mechanical properties. 29140181 2 5 contain have 495:498 arg2 sequences 521:529 different amino acid sequences 500:529 different amino acid sequences 500:529 Silk fibroin, which possesses special crystalline structure, has been widely used as organic reinforcing material, and different SFs have different amino acid sequences, which exhibit different bioaffinity and mechanical properties. 29140181 7 6 theme elastic 1500:1506 arg1 modulus 1508:1514 a higher elastic modulus 1491:1514 a higher elastic modulus at low strain and higher fracture strength simultaneously than the other two composites 1491:1602 Tensile testing showed that BC-AYSF/HAp possesses extraordinary mechanical properties with a higher elastic modulus at low strain and higher fracture strength simultaneously than the other two composites. 29140181 0 7 theme framework 132:140 arg1 hybridization 75:87 in situ hybridization 67:87 in situ hybridization of bacterial cellulose/nano-hydroxyapatite framework and silk fibroin reinforcing phase 67:175 Rational design of a high-strength bone scaffold platform based on in situ hybridization of bacterial cellulose/nano-hydroxyapatite framework and silk fibroin reinforcing phase. 29140181 2 8 theme mechanical 572:581 arg1 properties 583:592 different bioaffinity and mechanical properties 546:592 different bioaffinity and mechanical properties 546:592 Silk fibroin, which possesses special crystalline structure, has been widely used as organic reinforcing material, and different SFs have different amino acid sequences, which exhibit different bioaffinity and mechanical properties. 29140181 0 9 theme silk 146:149 arg1 phase 171:175 silk fibroin reinforcing phase 146:175 silk fibroin reinforcing phase 146:175 Rational design of a high-strength bone scaffold platform based on in situ hybridization of bacterial cellulose/nano-hydroxyapatite framework and silk fibroin reinforcing phase. 29140181 5 10 theme thermal 1166:1172 arg1 DTA 1184:1186 DTA 1184:1186 DTA 1184:1186 Additionally, the BC-AYSF/HAp also presented superior thermal stability than the other two composites revealed by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 29140181 5 10 theme thermal 1166:1172 arg1 analysis 1174:1181 differential thermal analysis 1153:1181 differential thermal analysis (DTA) 1153:1187 Additionally, the BC-AYSF/HAp also presented superior thermal stability than the other two composites revealed by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 29140181 3 11 theme silk 649:652 arg1 BC-AYSF/HAp 678:688 BC-AYSF/HAp 678:688 BC-AYSF/HAp 678:688 In this regard, bacterial cellulose-Antheraea yamamai silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-AYSF/HAp), bacterial cellulose-Bombyx mori silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-BMSF/HAp), and BC/HAp nano-composites were synthesized via a novel in situ hybridization method. 29140181 3 11 theme silk 649:652 arg1 fibroin/hydroxyapatite 654:675 bacterial cellulose-Antheraea yamamai silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite 611:675 bacterial cellulose-Antheraea yamamai silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-AYSF/HAp) 611:689 In this regard, bacterial cellulose-Antheraea yamamai silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-AYSF/HAp), bacterial cellulose-Bombyx mori silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-BMSF/HAp), and BC/HAp nano-composites were synthesized via a novel in situ hybridization method. 29140181 2 12 used used 439:442 arg2 material 467:474 organic reinforcing material 447:474 organic reinforcing material 447:474 Silk fibroin, which possesses special crystalline structure, has been widely used as organic reinforcing material, and different SFs have different amino acid sequences, which exhibit different bioaffinity and mechanical properties. 29140181 2 12 used used 439:442 arg2 fibroin 367:373 Silk fibroin 362:373 Silk fibroin 362:373 Silk fibroin, which possesses special crystalline structure, has been widely used as organic reinforcing material, and different SFs have different amino acid sequences, which exhibit different bioaffinity and mechanical properties. 29140181 3 13 theme hybridization 831:843 arg1 method 845:850 a novel in situ hybridization method 815:850 a novel in situ hybridization method 815:850 In this regard, bacterial cellulose-Antheraea yamamai silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-AYSF/HAp), bacterial cellulose-Bombyx mori silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-BMSF/HAp), and BC/HAp nano-composites were synthesized via a novel in situ hybridization method. 29140181 0 14 theme reinforcing 159:169 arg1 phase 171:175 silk fibroin reinforcing phase 146:175 silk fibroin reinforcing phase 146:175 Rational design of a high-strength bone scaffold platform based on in situ hybridization of bacterial cellulose/nano-hydroxyapatite framework and silk fibroin reinforcing phase. 29140181 5 15 theme other 1120:1124 arg1 composites 1130:1139 the other two composites 1116:1139 the other two composites revealed by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 1116:1224 Additionally, the BC-AYSF/HAp also presented superior thermal stability than the other two composites revealed by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 29140181 3 16 theme cellulose-Antheraea 621:639 arg1 BC-AYSF/HAp 678:688 BC-AYSF/HAp 678:688 BC-AYSF/HAp 678:688 In this regard, bacterial cellulose-Antheraea yamamai silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-AYSF/HAp), bacterial cellulose-Bombyx mori silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-BMSF/HAp), and BC/HAp nano-composites were synthesized via a novel in situ hybridization method. 29140181 3 16 theme cellulose-Antheraea 621:639 arg1 fibroin/hydroxyapatite 654:675 bacterial cellulose-Antheraea yamamai silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite 611:675 bacterial cellulose-Antheraea yamamai silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-AYSF/HAp) 611:689 In this regard, bacterial cellulose-Antheraea yamamai silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-AYSF/HAp), bacterial cellulose-Bombyx mori silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-BMSF/HAp), and BC/HAp nano-composites were synthesized via a novel in situ hybridization method. 29140181 7 17 theme extraordinary 1450:1462 arg1 properties 1475:1484 extraordinary mechanical properties 1450:1484 extraordinary mechanical properties 1450:1484 Tensile testing showed that BC-AYSF/HAp possesses extraordinary mechanical properties with a higher elastic modulus at low strain and higher fracture strength simultaneously than the other two composites. 29140181 7 18 theme higher 1534:1539 arg1 strength 1550:1557 higher fracture strength 1534:1557 higher fracture strength 1534:1557 Tensile testing showed that BC-AYSF/HAp possesses extraordinary mechanical properties with a higher elastic modulus at low strain and higher fracture strength simultaneously than the other two composites. 29140181 9 19 theme ideal 1873:1877 arg1 platform 1893:1900 an ideal bone scaffold platform 1870:1900 an ideal bone scaffold platform 1870:1900 These results suggested that compared with BC-BMSF/HAp, the BC-AYSF/HAp composite was more appropriate as an ideal bone scaffold platform or biomedical membrane to be used in BTE. 29140181 5 20 theme thermogravimetric 1193:1209 arg1 analysis 1211:1218 thermogravimetric analysis 1193:1218 thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 1193:1224 Additionally, the BC-AYSF/HAp also presented superior thermal stability than the other two composites revealed by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 29140181 5 20 theme thermogravimetric 1193:1209 arg1 TGA 1221:1223 TGA 1221:1223 TGA 1221:1223 Additionally, the BC-AYSF/HAp also presented superior thermal stability than the other two composites revealed by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 29140181 7 21 from strain 1523:1528 arg1 modulus 1508:1514 a higher elastic modulus 1491:1514 a higher elastic modulus at low strain and higher fracture strength simultaneously than the other two composites 1491:1602 Tensile testing showed that BC-AYSF/HAp possesses extraordinary mechanical properties with a higher elastic modulus at low strain and higher fracture strength simultaneously than the other two composites. 29140181 2 22 theme acid 516:519 arg1 sequences 521:529 different amino acid sequences 500:529 different amino acid sequences 500:529 Silk fibroin, which possesses special crystalline structure, has been widely used as organic reinforcing material, and different SFs have different amino acid sequences, which exhibit different bioaffinity and mechanical properties. 29140181 8 23 theme In 1605:1606 arg1 culture 1619:1625 In vitro cell culture 1605:1625 In vitro cell culture 1605:1625 In vitro cell culture exhibited that MC3T3-E1 cells on the BC-AYSF/HAp membrane took on higher proliferative potential than those on the BC-BMSF/HAp membrane. 29140181 0 24 theme in 67:68 arg1 hybridization 75:87 in situ hybridization 67:87 in situ hybridization of bacterial cellulose/nano-hydroxyapatite framework and silk fibroin reinforcing phase 67:175 Rational design of a high-strength bone scaffold platform based on in situ hybridization of bacterial cellulose/nano-hydroxyapatite framework and silk fibroin reinforcing phase. 29140181 3 25 dep in 823:824 arg1 situ 826:829 situ 826:829 situ 826:829 In this regard, bacterial cellulose-Antheraea yamamai silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-AYSF/HAp), bacterial cellulose-Bombyx mori silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-BMSF/HAp), and BC/HAp nano-composites were synthesized via a novel in situ hybridization method. 29140181 1 26 theme Bacterial 178:186 arg1 BC/HAp 214:219 BC/HAp 214:219 BC/HAp 214:219 Bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite (BC/HAp) composite had favourable bioaffinity but its poor mechanical strength limited its widespread applications in bone tissue engineering (BTE). 29140181 1 26 theme Bacterial 178:186 arg1 cellulose/hydroxyapatite 188:211 Bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite 178:211 Bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite (BC/HAp) composite 178:230 Bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite (BC/HAp) composite had favourable bioaffinity but its poor mechanical strength limited its widespread applications in bone tissue engineering (BTE). 29140181 2 27 theme bioaffinity 556:566 arg1 properties 583:592 different bioaffinity and mechanical properties 546:592 different bioaffinity and mechanical properties 546:592 Silk fibroin, which possesses special crystalline structure, has been widely used as organic reinforcing material, and different SFs have different amino acid sequences, which exhibit different bioaffinity and mechanical properties. 29140181 8 28 theme cell 1614:1617 arg1 culture 1619:1625 In vitro cell culture 1605:1625 In vitro cell culture 1605:1625 In vitro cell culture exhibited that MC3T3-E1 cells on the BC-AYSF/HAp membrane took on higher proliferative potential than those on the BC-BMSF/HAp membrane. 29140181 6 29 theme BC-BMSF/HAp 1289:1299 arg1 little 1360:1365 little 1360:1365 little 1360:1365 Compression testing indicated that the mechanical strength of BC-BMSF/HAp was greatly reinforced compared with BC/HAp and was even a little higher than that of BC-AYSF/HAp. 29140181 6 29 theme BC-BMSF/HAp 1289:1299 arg1 strength 1277:1284 the mechanical strength 1262:1284 the mechanical strength of BC-BMSF/HAp 1262:1299 Compression testing indicated that the mechanical strength of BC-BMSF/HAp was greatly reinforced compared with BC/HAp and was even a little higher than that of BC-AYSF/HAp. 29140181 0 30 theme bacterial 92:100 arg1 framework 132:140 bacterial cellulose/nano-hydroxyapatite framework 92:140 bacterial cellulose/nano-hydroxyapatite framework 92:140 Rational design of a high-strength bone scaffold platform based on in situ hybridization of bacterial cellulose/nano-hydroxyapatite framework and silk fibroin reinforcing phase. 29140181 0 31 theme bone 35:38 arg1 scaffold 40:47 a high-strength bone scaffold 19:47 a high-strength bone scaffold 19:47 Rational design of a high-strength bone scaffold platform based on in situ hybridization of bacterial cellulose/nano-hydroxyapatite framework and silk fibroin reinforcing phase. 29140181 8 32 theme MC3T3-E1 1642:1649 arg1 cells 1651:1655 MC3T3-E1 cells 1642:1655 MC3T3-E1 cells on the BC-AYSF/HAp membrane 1642:1683 In vitro cell culture exhibited that MC3T3-E1 cells on the BC-AYSF/HAp membrane took on higher proliferative potential than those on the BC-BMSF/HAp membrane. 29140181 0 33 theme Rational 0:7 arg1 design 9:14 Rational design 0:14 Rational design of a high-strength bone scaffold 0:47 Rational design of a high-strength bone scaffold platform based on in situ hybridization of bacterial cellulose/nano-hydroxyapatite framework and silk fibroin reinforcing phase. 29140181 0 34 dep in 67:68 arg1 situ 70:73 situ 70:73 situ 70:73 Rational design of a high-strength bone scaffold platform based on in situ hybridization of bacterial cellulose/nano-hydroxyapatite framework and silk fibroin reinforcing phase. 29140181 0 35 dep platform 49:56 arg1 based 58:62 based 58:62 platform based on in situ hybridization of bacterial cellulose/nano-hydroxyapatite framework and silk fibroin reinforcing phase 49:175 Rational design of a high-strength bone scaffold platform based on in situ hybridization of bacterial cellulose/nano-hydroxyapatite framework and silk fibroin reinforcing phase. 29140181 2 36 theme organic 447:453 arg1 fibroin 367:373 Silk fibroin 362:373 Silk fibroin 362:373 Silk fibroin, which possesses special crystalline structure, has been widely used as organic reinforcing material, and different SFs have different amino acid sequences, which exhibit different bioaffinity and mechanical properties. 29140181 2 36 theme organic 447:453 arg1 material 467:474 organic reinforcing material 447:474 organic reinforcing material 447:474 Silk fibroin, which possesses special crystalline structure, has been widely used as organic reinforcing material, and different SFs have different amino acid sequences, which exhibit different bioaffinity and mechanical properties. 29140181 1 37 theme bone 331:334 arg1 BTE 356:358 BTE 356:358 BTE 356:358 Bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite (BC/HAp) composite had favourable bioaffinity but its poor mechanical strength limited its widespread applications in bone tissue engineering (BTE). 29140181 1 37 theme bone 331:334 arg1 engineering 343:353 bone tissue engineering 331:353 bone tissue engineering (BTE) 331:359 Bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite (BC/HAp) composite had favourable bioaffinity but its poor mechanical strength limited its widespread applications in bone tissue engineering (BTE). 29140181 2 38 theme different 500:508 arg1 sequences 521:529 different amino acid sequences 500:529 different amino acid sequences 500:529 Silk fibroin, which possesses special crystalline structure, has been widely used as organic reinforcing material, and different SFs have different amino acid sequences, which exhibit different bioaffinity and mechanical properties. 29140181 8 39 theme BC-AYSF/HAp 1664:1674 arg1 membrane 1676:1683 the BC-AYSF/HAp membrane 1660:1683 the BC-AYSF/HAp membrane 1660:1683 In vitro cell culture exhibited that MC3T3-E1 cells on the BC-AYSF/HAp membrane took on higher proliferative potential than those on the BC-BMSF/HAp membrane. 29140181 3 40 theme mori 719:722 arg1 fibroin/hydroxyapatite 729:750 bacterial cellulose-Bombyx mori silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite 692:750 bacterial cellulose-Bombyx mori silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-BMSF/HAp) 692:764 In this regard, bacterial cellulose-Antheraea yamamai silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-AYSF/HAp), bacterial cellulose-Bombyx mori silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-BMSF/HAp), and BC/HAp nano-composites were synthesized via a novel in situ hybridization method. 29140181 3 40 theme mori 719:722 arg1 BC-BMSF/HAp 753:763 BC-BMSF/HAp 753:763 BC-BMSF/HAp 753:763 In this regard, bacterial cellulose-Antheraea yamamai silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-AYSF/HAp), bacterial cellulose-Bombyx mori silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-BMSF/HAp), and BC/HAp nano-composites were synthesized via a novel in situ hybridization method. 29140181 0 41 theme high-strength 21:33 arg1 scaffold 40:47 a high-strength bone scaffold 19:47 a high-strength bone scaffold 19:47 Rational design of a high-strength bone scaffold platform based on in situ hybridization of bacterial cellulose/nano-hydroxyapatite framework and silk fibroin reinforcing phase. 29140181 3 42 theme bacterial 692:700 arg1 fibroin/hydroxyapatite 729:750 bacterial cellulose-Bombyx mori silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite 692:750 bacterial cellulose-Bombyx mori silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-BMSF/HAp) 692:764 In this regard, bacterial cellulose-Antheraea yamamai silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-AYSF/HAp), bacterial cellulose-Bombyx mori silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-BMSF/HAp), and BC/HAp nano-composites were synthesized via a novel in situ hybridization method. 29140181 3 42 theme bacterial 692:700 arg1 BC-BMSF/HAp 753:763 BC-BMSF/HAp 753:763 BC-BMSF/HAp 753:763 In this regard, bacterial cellulose-Antheraea yamamai silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-AYSF/HAp), bacterial cellulose-Bombyx mori silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-BMSF/HAp), and BC/HAp nano-composites were synthesized via a novel in situ hybridization method. 29140181 0 43 theme scaffold 40:47 arg1 design 9:14 Rational design 0:14 Rational design of a high-strength bone scaffold 0:47 Rational design of a high-strength bone scaffold platform based on in situ hybridization of bacterial cellulose/nano-hydroxyapatite framework and silk fibroin reinforcing phase. 29140181 8 44 theme higher 1693:1698 arg1 potential 1714:1722 higher proliferative potential 1693:1722 higher proliferative potential 1693:1722 In vitro cell culture exhibited that MC3T3-E1 cells on the BC-AYSF/HAp membrane took on higher proliferative potential than those on the BC-BMSF/HAp membrane. 29140181 2 45 theme Silk 362:365 arg1 fibroin 367:373 Silk fibroin 362:373 Silk fibroin 362:373 Silk fibroin, which possesses special crystalline structure, has been widely used as organic reinforcing material, and different SFs have different amino acid sequences, which exhibit different bioaffinity and mechanical properties. 29140181 2 45 theme Silk 362:365 arg1 material 467:474 organic reinforcing material 447:474 organic reinforcing material 447:474 Silk fibroin, which possesses special crystalline structure, has been widely used as organic reinforcing material, and different SFs have different amino acid sequences, which exhibit different bioaffinity and mechanical properties. 29140181 7 46 contain possesses 1440:1448 arg1 BC-AYSF/HAp 1428:1438 BC-AYSF/HAp 1428:1438 BC-AYSF/HAp 1428:1438 Tensile testing showed that BC-AYSF/HAp possesses extraordinary mechanical properties with a higher elastic modulus at low strain and higher fracture strength simultaneously than the other two composites. 29140181 7 46 contain possesses 1440:1448 arg2 properties 1475:1484 extraordinary mechanical properties 1450:1484 extraordinary mechanical properties 1450:1484 Tensile testing showed that BC-AYSF/HAp possesses extraordinary mechanical properties with a higher elastic modulus at low strain and higher fracture strength simultaneously than the other two composites. 29140181 2 47 theme crystalline 400:410 arg1 structure 412:420 special crystalline structure 392:420 special crystalline structure 392:420 Silk fibroin, which possesses special crystalline structure, has been widely used as organic reinforcing material, and different SFs have different amino acid sequences, which exhibit different bioaffinity and mechanical properties. 29140181 1 48 theme poor 267:270 arg1 strength 283:290 its poor mechanical strength 263:290 its poor mechanical strength 263:290 Bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite (BC/HAp) composite had favourable bioaffinity but its poor mechanical strength limited its widespread applications in bone tissue engineering (BTE). 29140181 5 49 theme superior 1084:1091 arg1 stability 1101:1109 superior thermal stability 1084:1109 superior thermal stability 1084:1109 Additionally, the BC-AYSF/HAp also presented superior thermal stability than the other two composites revealed by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 29140181 3 50 theme BC/HAp 771:776 arg1 nano-composites 778:792 BC/HAp nano-composites 771:792 BC/HAp nano-composites 771:792 In this regard, bacterial cellulose-Antheraea yamamai silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-AYSF/HAp), bacterial cellulose-Bombyx mori silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-BMSF/HAp), and BC/HAp nano-composites were synthesized via a novel in situ hybridization method. 29140181 7 51 theme other 1583:1587 arg1 composites 1593:1602 the other two composites 1579:1602 the other two composites 1579:1602 Tensile testing showed that BC-AYSF/HAp possesses extraordinary mechanical properties with a higher elastic modulus at low strain and higher fracture strength simultaneously than the other two composites. 29140181 7 52 theme fracture 1541:1548 arg1 strength 1550:1557 higher fracture strength 1534:1557 higher fracture strength 1534:1557 Tensile testing showed that BC-AYSF/HAp possesses extraordinary mechanical properties with a higher elastic modulus at low strain and higher fracture strength simultaneously than the other two composites. 29140181 1 53 theme cellulose/hydroxyapatite 188:211 arg1 composite 222:230 Bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite (BC/HAp) composite 178:230 Bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite (BC/HAp) composite 178:230 Bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite (BC/HAp) composite had favourable bioaffinity but its poor mechanical strength limited its widespread applications in bone tissue engineering (BTE). 29140181 4 54 theme better 917:922 arg1 interpenetration 924:939 better interpenetration 917:939 better interpenetration 917:939 Compared with BC/HAp and BC-BMSF/HAp, the BC-AYSF/HAp exhibited better interpenetration, which may benefit for the transportation of nutrients and wastes, the adhesion of cells as well. 29140181 1 55 from applications 315:326 arg1 BTE 356:358 BTE 356:358 BTE 356:358 Bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite (BC/HAp) composite had favourable bioaffinity but its poor mechanical strength limited its widespread applications in bone tissue engineering (BTE). 29140181 1 55 from applications 315:326 arg1 engineering 343:353 bone tissue engineering 331:353 bone tissue engineering (BTE) 331:359 Bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite (BC/HAp) composite had favourable bioaffinity but its poor mechanical strength limited its widespread applications in bone tissue engineering (BTE). 29140181 7 56 theme low 1519:1521 arg1 strain 1523:1528 low strain 1519:1528 low strain 1519:1528 Tensile testing showed that BC-AYSF/HAp possesses extraordinary mechanical properties with a higher elastic modulus at low strain and higher fracture strength simultaneously than the other two composites. 29140181 4 57 dep exhibited 907:915 arg1 benefit 952:958 benefit 952:958 may benefit for the transportation of nutrients and wastes 948:1005 Compared with BC/HAp and BC-BMSF/HAp, the BC-AYSF/HAp exhibited better interpenetration, which may benefit for the transportation of nutrients and wastes, the adhesion of cells as well. 29140181 6 58 theme Compression 1227:1237 arg1 testing 1239:1245 Compression testing 1227:1245 Compression testing 1227:1245 Compression testing indicated that the mechanical strength of BC-BMSF/HAp was greatly reinforced compared with BC/HAp and was even a little higher than that of BC-AYSF/HAp. 29140181 4 59 theme wastes 1000:1005 arg1 transportation 968:981 the transportation 964:981 the transportation of nutrients and wastes 964:1005 Compared with BC/HAp and BC-BMSF/HAp, the BC-AYSF/HAp exhibited better interpenetration, which may benefit for the transportation of nutrients and wastes, the adhesion of cells as well. 29140181 3 60 theme novel 817:821 arg1 hybridization 831:843 a novel in situ hybridization 815:843 a novel in situ hybridization method 815:850 In this regard, bacterial cellulose-Antheraea yamamai silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-AYSF/HAp), bacterial cellulose-Bombyx mori silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-BMSF/HAp), and BC/HAp nano-composites were synthesized via a novel in situ hybridization method. 29140181 0 61 theme fibroin 151:157 arg1 phase 171:175 silk fibroin reinforcing phase 146:175 silk fibroin reinforcing phase 146:175 Rational design of a high-strength bone scaffold platform based on in situ hybridization of bacterial cellulose/nano-hydroxyapatite framework and silk fibroin reinforcing phase. 29140181 5 62 theme differential 1153:1164 arg1 DTA 1184:1186 DTA 1184:1186 DTA 1184:1186 Additionally, the BC-AYSF/HAp also presented superior thermal stability than the other two composites revealed by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 29140181 5 62 theme differential 1153:1164 arg1 analysis 1174:1181 differential thermal analysis 1153:1181 differential thermal analysis (DTA) 1153:1187 Additionally, the BC-AYSF/HAp also presented superior thermal stability than the other two composites revealed by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 29140181 3 63 theme yamamai 641:647 arg1 BC-AYSF/HAp 678:688 BC-AYSF/HAp 678:688 BC-AYSF/HAp 678:688 In this regard, bacterial cellulose-Antheraea yamamai silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-AYSF/HAp), bacterial cellulose-Bombyx mori silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-BMSF/HAp), and BC/HAp nano-composites were synthesized via a novel in situ hybridization method. 29140181 3 63 theme yamamai 641:647 arg1 fibroin/hydroxyapatite 654:675 bacterial cellulose-Antheraea yamamai silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite 611:675 bacterial cellulose-Antheraea yamamai silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-AYSF/HAp) 611:689 In this regard, bacterial cellulose-Antheraea yamamai silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-AYSF/HAp), bacterial cellulose-Bombyx mori silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-BMSF/HAp), and BC/HAp nano-composites were synthesized via a novel in situ hybridization method. 29140181 1 64 theme favourable 236:245 arg1 bioaffinity 247:257 favourable bioaffinity 236:257 favourable bioaffinity 236:257 Bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite (BC/HAp) composite had favourable bioaffinity but its poor mechanical strength limited its widespread applications in bone tissue engineering (BTE). 29140181 7 65 theme higher 1493:1498 arg1 modulus 1508:1514 a higher elastic modulus 1491:1514 a higher elastic modulus at low strain and higher fracture strength simultaneously than the other two composites 1491:1602 Tensile testing showed that BC-AYSF/HAp possesses extraordinary mechanical properties with a higher elastic modulus at low strain and higher fracture strength simultaneously than the other two composites. 29140181 4 66 theme cells 1024:1028 arg1 adhesion 1012:1019 the adhesion 1008:1019 the adhesion of cells as well 1008:1036 Compared with BC/HAp and BC-BMSF/HAp, the BC-AYSF/HAp exhibited better interpenetration, which may benefit for the transportation of nutrients and wastes, the adhesion of cells as well. 29140181 0 67 theme phase 171:175 arg1 hybridization 75:87 in situ hybridization 67:87 in situ hybridization of bacterial cellulose/nano-hydroxyapatite framework and silk fibroin reinforcing phase 67:175 Rational design of a high-strength bone scaffold platform based on in situ hybridization of bacterial cellulose/nano-hydroxyapatite framework and silk fibroin reinforcing phase. 29140181 3 68 theme bacterial 611:619 arg1 BC-AYSF/HAp 678:688 BC-AYSF/HAp 678:688 BC-AYSF/HAp 678:688 In this regard, bacterial cellulose-Antheraea yamamai silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-AYSF/HAp), bacterial cellulose-Bombyx mori silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-BMSF/HAp), and BC/HAp nano-composites were synthesized via a novel in situ hybridization method. 29140181 3 68 theme bacterial 611:619 arg1 fibroin/hydroxyapatite 654:675 bacterial cellulose-Antheraea yamamai silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite 611:675 bacterial cellulose-Antheraea yamamai silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-AYSF/HAp) 611:689 In this regard, bacterial cellulose-Antheraea yamamai silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-AYSF/HAp), bacterial cellulose-Bombyx mori silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-BMSF/HAp), and BC/HAp nano-composites were synthesized via a novel in situ hybridization method. 29140181 9 69 used used 1931:1934 arg2 appropriate 1855:1865 appropriate 1855:1865 appropriate 1855:1865 These results suggested that compared with BC-BMSF/HAp, the BC-AYSF/HAp composite was more appropriate as an ideal bone scaffold platform or biomedical membrane to be used in BTE. 29140181 9 69 used used 1931:1934 arg2 composite 1836:1844 the BC-AYSF/HAp composite 1820:1844 the BC-AYSF/HAp composite 1820:1844 These results suggested that compared with BC-BMSF/HAp, the BC-AYSF/HAp composite was more appropriate as an ideal bone scaffold platform or biomedical membrane to be used in BTE. 29140181 4 70 theme nutrients 986:994 arg1 transportation 968:981 the transportation 964:981 the transportation of nutrients and wastes 964:1005 Compared with BC/HAp and BC-BMSF/HAp, the BC-AYSF/HAp exhibited better interpenetration, which may benefit for the transportation of nutrients and wastes, the adhesion of cells as well. 29140181 7 71 theme mechanical 1464:1473 arg1 properties 1475:1484 extraordinary mechanical properties 1450:1484 extraordinary mechanical properties 1450:1484 Tensile testing showed that BC-AYSF/HAp possesses extraordinary mechanical properties with a higher elastic modulus at low strain and higher fracture strength simultaneously than the other two composites. 29140181 9 72 theme bone 1879:1882 arg1 platform 1893:1900 an ideal bone scaffold platform 1870:1900 an ideal bone scaffold platform 1870:1900 These results suggested that compared with BC-BMSF/HAp, the BC-AYSF/HAp composite was more appropriate as an ideal bone scaffold platform or biomedical membrane to be used in BTE. 29140181 9 73 theme biomedical 1905:1914 arg1 membrane 1916:1923 biomedical membrane 1905:1923 biomedical membrane 1905:1923 These results suggested that compared with BC-BMSF/HAp, the BC-AYSF/HAp composite was more appropriate as an ideal bone scaffold platform or biomedical membrane to be used in BTE. 29140181 2 74 theme amino 510:514 arg1 sequences 521:529 different amino acid sequences 500:529 different amino acid sequences 500:529 Silk fibroin, which possesses special crystalline structure, has been widely used as organic reinforcing material, and different SFs have different amino acid sequences, which exhibit different bioaffinity and mechanical properties. 29140181 1 75 contain had 232:234 arg2 bioaffinity 247:257 favourable bioaffinity 236:257 favourable bioaffinity 236:257 Bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite (BC/HAp) composite had favourable bioaffinity but its poor mechanical strength limited its widespread applications in bone tissue engineering (BTE). 29140181 1 75 contain had 232:234 arg1 composite 222:230 Bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite (BC/HAp) composite 178:230 Bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite (BC/HAp) composite 178:230 Bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite (BC/HAp) composite had favourable bioaffinity but its poor mechanical strength limited its widespread applications in bone tissue engineering (BTE). 29140181 2 76 theme different 546:554 arg1 properties 583:592 different bioaffinity and mechanical properties 546:592 different bioaffinity and mechanical properties 546:592 Silk fibroin, which possesses special crystalline structure, has been widely used as organic reinforcing material, and different SFs have different amino acid sequences, which exhibit different bioaffinity and mechanical properties. 29140181 0 77 theme cellulose/nano-hydroxyapatite 102:130 arg1 framework 132:140 bacterial cellulose/nano-hydroxyapatite framework 92:140 bacterial cellulose/nano-hydroxyapatite framework 92:140 Rational design of a high-strength bone scaffold platform based on in situ hybridization of bacterial cellulose/nano-hydroxyapatite framework and silk fibroin reinforcing phase. 29140181 2 78 contain possesses 382:390 arg1 fibroin 367:373 Silk fibroin 362:373 Silk fibroin 362:373 Silk fibroin, which possesses special crystalline structure, has been widely used as organic reinforcing material, and different SFs have different amino acid sequences, which exhibit different bioaffinity and mechanical properties. 29140181 2 78 contain possesses 382:390 arg2 structure 412:420 special crystalline structure 392:420 special crystalline structure 392:420 Silk fibroin, which possesses special crystalline structure, has been widely used as organic reinforcing material, and different SFs have different amino acid sequences, which exhibit different bioaffinity and mechanical properties. 29140181 2 78 contain possesses 382:390 arg1 material 467:474 organic reinforcing material 447:474 organic reinforcing material 447:474 Silk fibroin, which possesses special crystalline structure, has been widely used as organic reinforcing material, and different SFs have different amino acid sequences, which exhibit different bioaffinity and mechanical properties. 29140181 7 79 theme Tensile 1400:1406 arg1 testing 1408:1414 Tensile testing 1400:1414 Tensile testing 1400:1414 Tensile testing showed that BC-AYSF/HAp possesses extraordinary mechanical properties with a higher elastic modulus at low strain and higher fracture strength simultaneously than the other two composites. 29140181 2 80 theme reinforcing 455:465 arg1 fibroin 367:373 Silk fibroin 362:373 Silk fibroin 362:373 Silk fibroin, which possesses special crystalline structure, has been widely used as organic reinforcing material, and different SFs have different amino acid sequences, which exhibit different bioaffinity and mechanical properties. 29140181 2 80 theme reinforcing 455:465 arg1 material 467:474 organic reinforcing material 447:474 organic reinforcing material 447:474 Silk fibroin, which possesses special crystalline structure, has been widely used as organic reinforcing material, and different SFs have different amino acid sequences, which exhibit different bioaffinity and mechanical properties. 29140181 3 81 theme cellulose-Bombyx 702:717 arg1 fibroin/hydroxyapatite 729:750 bacterial cellulose-Bombyx mori silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite 692:750 bacterial cellulose-Bombyx mori silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-BMSF/HAp) 692:764 In this regard, bacterial cellulose-Antheraea yamamai silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-AYSF/HAp), bacterial cellulose-Bombyx mori silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-BMSF/HAp), and BC/HAp nano-composites were synthesized via a novel in situ hybridization method. 29140181 3 81 theme cellulose-Bombyx 702:717 arg1 BC-BMSF/HAp 753:763 BC-BMSF/HAp 753:763 BC-BMSF/HAp 753:763 In this regard, bacterial cellulose-Antheraea yamamai silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-AYSF/HAp), bacterial cellulose-Bombyx mori silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-BMSF/HAp), and BC/HAp nano-composites were synthesized via a novel in situ hybridization method. 29140181 8 82 from cells 1651:1655 arg1 membrane 1676:1683 the BC-AYSF/HAp membrane 1660:1683 the BC-AYSF/HAp membrane 1660:1683 In vitro cell culture exhibited that MC3T3-E1 cells on the BC-AYSF/HAp membrane took on higher proliferative potential than those on the BC-BMSF/HAp membrane. 29140181 1 83 theme tissue 336:341 arg1 BTE 356:358 BTE 356:358 BTE 356:358 Bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite (BC/HAp) composite had favourable bioaffinity but its poor mechanical strength limited its widespread applications in bone tissue engineering (BTE). 29140181 1 83 theme tissue 336:341 arg1 engineering 343:353 bone tissue engineering 331:353 bone tissue engineering (BTE) 331:359 Bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite (BC/HAp) composite had favourable bioaffinity but its poor mechanical strength limited its widespread applications in bone tissue engineering (BTE). 29140181 5 84 theme thermal 1093:1099 arg1 stability 1101:1109 superior thermal stability 1084:1109 superior thermal stability 1084:1109 Additionally, the BC-AYSF/HAp also presented superior thermal stability than the other two composites revealed by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 29140181 2 85 theme different 481:489 arg1 SFs 491:493 different SFs 481:493 different SFs 481:493 Silk fibroin, which possesses special crystalline structure, has been widely used as organic reinforcing material, and different SFs have different amino acid sequences, which exhibit different bioaffinity and mechanical properties. 29140181 8 86 theme proliferative 1700:1712 arg1 potential 1714:1722 higher proliferative potential 1693:1722 higher proliferative potential 1693:1722 In vitro cell culture exhibited that MC3T3-E1 cells on the BC-AYSF/HAp membrane took on higher proliferative potential than those on the BC-BMSF/HAp membrane. 29140181 8 87 dep In 1605:1606 arg1 vitro 1608:1612 vitro 1608:1612 vitro 1608:1612 In vitro cell culture exhibited that MC3T3-E1 cells on the BC-AYSF/HAp membrane took on higher proliferative potential than those on the BC-BMSF/HAp membrane. 29140181 9 88 theme scaffold 1884:1891 arg1 platform 1893:1900 an ideal bone scaffold platform 1870:1900 an ideal bone scaffold platform 1870:1900 These results suggested that compared with BC-BMSF/HAp, the BC-AYSF/HAp composite was more appropriate as an ideal bone scaffold platform or biomedical membrane to be used in BTE. 29140181 3 89 theme silk 724:727 arg1 fibroin/hydroxyapatite 729:750 bacterial cellulose-Bombyx mori silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite 692:750 bacterial cellulose-Bombyx mori silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-BMSF/HAp) 692:764 In this regard, bacterial cellulose-Antheraea yamamai silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-AYSF/HAp), bacterial cellulose-Bombyx mori silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-BMSF/HAp), and BC/HAp nano-composites were synthesized via a novel in situ hybridization method. 29140181 3 89 theme silk 724:727 arg1 BC-BMSF/HAp 753:763 BC-BMSF/HAp 753:763 BC-BMSF/HAp 753:763 In this regard, bacterial cellulose-Antheraea yamamai silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-AYSF/HAp), bacterial cellulose-Bombyx mori silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-BMSF/HAp), and BC/HAp nano-composites were synthesized via a novel in situ hybridization method. 29140181 9 90 theme BC-AYSF/HAp 1824:1834 arg1 composite 1836:1844 the BC-AYSF/HAp composite 1820:1844 the BC-AYSF/HAp composite 1820:1844 These results suggested that compared with BC-BMSF/HAp, the BC-AYSF/HAp composite was more appropriate as an ideal bone scaffold platform or biomedical membrane to be used in BTE. 29140181 9 90 theme BC-AYSF/HAp 1824:1834 arg1 appropriate 1855:1865 appropriate 1855:1865 appropriate 1855:1865 These results suggested that compared with BC-BMSF/HAp, the BC-AYSF/HAp composite was more appropriate as an ideal bone scaffold platform or biomedical membrane to be used in BTE. 29140181 2 91 theme special 392:398 arg1 structure 412:420 special crystalline structure 392:420 special crystalline structure 392:420 Silk fibroin, which possesses special crystalline structure, has been widely used as organic reinforcing material, and different SFs have different amino acid sequences, which exhibit different bioaffinity and mechanical properties. 29140181 1 92 theme mechanical 272:281 arg1 strength 283:290 its poor mechanical strength 263:290 its poor mechanical strength 263:290 Bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite (BC/HAp) composite had favourable bioaffinity but its poor mechanical strength limited its widespread applications in bone tissue engineering (BTE). 28634141 5 0 theme indentation 884:894 arg1 test 896:899 the indentation test 880:899 the indentation test 880:899 The mechanical characteristics detected by the indentation test assumed that the brittle Phe crystals sandwiched between elastic CS particles would be successfully crushed down by high shearing stress in the processor. 28634141 0 1 theme milling 75:81 arg1 technique 83:91 contamination-free dry milling technique 52:91 contamination-free dry milling technique with corn starch beads 52:114 One step preparation of spherical drug particles by contamination-free dry milling technique with corn starch beads. 28634141 0 2 with technique 83:91 arg1 beads 110:114 corn starch beads 98:114 corn starch beads 98:114 One step preparation of spherical drug particles by contamination-free dry milling technique with corn starch beads. 28634141 3 3 theme composite 501:509 arg1 particles 511:519 the composite particles 497:519 the composite particles 497:519 The morphological observation and particle size evaluation revealed that the processed products formed the composite particles with ordered-mixed structure, having double-layered particles with a core of CS and a coating layer of phenytoin (Phe), as a model drug. 28634141 0 4 theme corn 98:101 arg1 beads 110:114 corn starch beads 98:114 corn starch beads 98:114 One step preparation of spherical drug particles by contamination-free dry milling technique with corn starch beads. 28634141 7 5 theme Phe 1385:1387 arg1 particles 1389:1397 detached Phe particles 1376:1397 detached Phe particles 1376:1397 The dissolution behavior from the processed particles was found to be improved and strongly dependent on the size and amount of detached Phe particles. 28634141 7 6 theme particles 1389:1397 arg1 amount 1366:1371 amount 1366:1371 amount 1366:1371 The dissolution behavior from the processed particles was found to be improved and strongly dependent on the size and amount of detached Phe particles. 28634141 7 6 theme particles 1389:1397 arg1 size 1357:1360 size 1357:1360 size 1357:1360 The dissolution behavior from the processed particles was found to be improved and strongly dependent on the size and amount of detached Phe particles. 28634141 7 6 theme particles 1389:1397 arg1 particles 1389:1397 detached Phe particles 1376:1397 detached Phe particles 1376:1397 The dissolution behavior from the processed particles was found to be improved and strongly dependent on the size and amount of detached Phe particles. 28634141 5 7 theme elastic 958:964 arg1 particles 969:977 elastic CS particles 958:977 elastic CS particles 958:977 The mechanical characteristics detected by the indentation test assumed that the brittle Phe crystals sandwiched between elastic CS particles would be successfully crushed down by high shearing stress in the processor. 28634141 1 8 theme water-soluble 258:270 arg1 drugs 272:276 poorly water-soluble drugs 251:276 poorly water-soluble drugs 251:276 The novel dry milling technique has been developed by using a mechanical powder processor for improving the dissolution properties of poorly water-soluble drugs. 28634141 6 9 theme composite 1181:1189 arg1 particles 1191:1199 the composite particles 1177:1199 the composite particles in aqueous phase 1177:1216 The newly-established dispersion-sedimentation test indicated that the fine Phe particles were immediately detached from the composite particles in aqueous phase, constructing the suspension. 28634141 6 10 theme aqueous 1204:1210 arg1 phase 1212:1216 aqueous phase 1204:1216 aqueous phase 1204:1216 The newly-established dispersion-sedimentation test indicated that the fine Phe particles were immediately detached from the composite particles in aqueous phase, constructing the suspension. 28634141 10 11 theme phenomena 1701:1709 arg1 mechanism 1649:1657 The mechanism 1645:1657 The mechanism of the current milling and ordered-mixing phenomena 1645:1709 The mechanism of the current milling and ordered-mixing phenomena is also provided in this report. 28634141 5 12 theme CS 966:967 arg1 particles 969:977 elastic CS particles 958:977 elastic CS particles 958:977 The mechanical characteristics detected by the indentation test assumed that the brittle Phe crystals sandwiched between elastic CS particles would be successfully crushed down by high shearing stress in the processor. 28634141 1 13 theme drugs 272:276 arg1 properties 237:246 the dissolution properties 221:246 the dissolution properties of poorly water-soluble drugs 221:276 The novel dry milling technique has been developed by using a mechanical powder processor for improving the dissolution properties of poorly water-soluble drugs. 28634141 4 14 theme CS 823:824 arg1 particles 826:834 un-milled CS particles 813:834 un-milled CS particles 813:834 This result suggested that the drug crystals were selectively micronized and the resultant miniaturized Phe particles were adhered/fixed on the surface of un-milled CS particles. 28634141 3 15 theme processed 471:479 arg1 products 481:488 the processed products 467:488 the processed products 467:488 The morphological observation and particle size evaluation revealed that the processed products formed the composite particles with ordered-mixed structure, having double-layered particles with a core of CS and a coating layer of phenytoin (Phe), as a model drug. 28634141 3 16 theme ordered-mixed 526:538 arg1 structure 540:548 ordered-mixed structure 526:548 ordered-mixed structure 526:548 The morphological observation and particle size evaluation revealed that the processed products formed the composite particles with ordered-mixed structure, having double-layered particles with a core of CS and a coating layer of phenytoin (Phe), as a model drug. 28634141 3 17 theme morphological 398:410 arg1 observation 412:422 The morphological observation 394:422 The morphological observation 394:422 The morphological observation and particle size evaluation revealed that the processed products formed the composite particles with ordered-mixed structure, having double-layered particles with a core of CS and a coating layer of phenytoin (Phe), as a model drug. 28634141 7 18 dep size 1357:1360 arg1 the 1353:1355 the 1353:1355 the 1353:1355 The dissolution behavior from the processed particles was found to be improved and strongly dependent on the size and amount of detached Phe particles. 28634141 0 19 theme starch 103:108 arg1 beads 110:114 corn starch beads 98:114 corn starch beads 98:114 One step preparation of spherical drug particles by contamination-free dry milling technique with corn starch beads. 28634141 4 20 theme un-milled 813:821 arg1 particles 826:834 un-milled CS particles 813:834 un-milled CS particles 813:834 This result suggested that the drug crystals were selectively micronized and the resultant miniaturized Phe particles were adhered/fixed on the surface of un-milled CS particles. 28634141 4 21 theme resultant 739:747 arg1 particles 766:774 the resultant miniaturized Phe particles 735:774 the resultant miniaturized Phe particles 735:774 This result suggested that the drug crystals were selectively micronized and the resultant miniaturized Phe particles were adhered/fixed on the surface of un-milled CS particles. 28634141 2 22 theme starch 381:386 arg1 particles 363:371 fine particles 358:371 fine particles of corn starch (CS) 358:391 It was found that the drug crystals were well pulverized by co-processing with fine particles of corn starch (CS). 28634141 0 23 theme step 4:7 arg1 preparation 9:19 One step preparation 0:19 One step preparation of spherical drug particles by contamination-free dry milling technique with corn starch beads. 0:115 One step preparation of spherical drug particles by contamination-free dry milling technique with corn starch beads. 28634141 9 24 theme dry 1580:1582 arg1 technique 1592:1600 the contamination-free dry milling technique 1557:1600 the contamination-free dry milling technique 1557:1600 These results would propose the contamination-free dry milling technique without using hard milling balls or beads. 28634141 7 25 theme dissolution 1252:1262 arg1 behavior 1264:1271 The dissolution behavior 1248:1271 The dissolution behavior from the processed particles 1248:1300 The dissolution behavior from the processed particles was found to be improved and strongly dependent on the size and amount of detached Phe particles. 28634141 5 26 theme Phe 926:928 arg1 crystals 930:937 the brittle Phe crystals 914:937 the brittle Phe crystals sandwiched between elastic CS particles 914:977 The mechanical characteristics detected by the indentation test assumed that the brittle Phe crystals sandwiched between elastic CS particles would be successfully crushed down by high shearing stress in the processor. 28634141 2 27 theme corn 376:379 arg1 starch 381:386 corn starch 376:386 corn starch (CS) 376:391 It was found that the drug crystals were well pulverized by co-processing with fine particles of corn starch (CS). 28634141 2 27 theme corn 376:379 arg1 CS 389:390 CS 389:390 CS 389:390 It was found that the drug crystals were well pulverized by co-processing with fine particles of corn starch (CS). 28634141 3 28 with particles 573:581 arg1 core 590:593 a core 588:593 a core of CS 588:599 The morphological observation and particle size evaluation revealed that the processed products formed the composite particles with ordered-mixed structure, having double-layered particles with a core of CS and a coating layer of phenytoin (Phe), as a model drug. 28634141 3 28 with particles 573:581 arg1 layer 615:619 a coating layer 605:619 a coating layer of phenytoin (Phe) 605:638 The morphological observation and particle size evaluation revealed that the processed products formed the composite particles with ordered-mixed structure, having double-layered particles with a core of CS and a coating layer of phenytoin (Phe), as a model drug. 28634141 9 29 theme milling 1621:1627 arg1 balls 1629:1633 hard milling balls 1616:1633 hard milling balls 1616:1633 These results would propose the contamination-free dry milling technique without using hard milling balls or beads. 28634141 4 30 theme particles 826:834 arg1 surface 802:808 the surface 798:808 the surface of un-milled CS particles 798:834 This result suggested that the drug crystals were selectively micronized and the resultant miniaturized Phe particles were adhered/fixed on the surface of un-milled CS particles. 28634141 2 31 theme drug 301:304 arg1 crystals 306:313 the drug crystals 297:313 the drug crystals 297:313 It was found that the drug crystals were well pulverized by co-processing with fine particles of corn starch (CS). 28634141 9 32 theme contamination-free 1561:1578 arg1 technique 1592:1600 the contamination-free dry milling technique 1557:1600 the contamination-free dry milling technique 1557:1600 These results would propose the contamination-free dry milling technique without using hard milling balls or beads. 28634141 6 33 theme dispersion-sedimentation 1078:1101 arg1 test 1103:1106 The newly-established dispersion-sedimentation test 1056:1106 The newly-established dispersion-sedimentation test 1056:1106 The newly-established dispersion-sedimentation test indicated that the fine Phe particles were immediately detached from the composite particles in aqueous phase, constructing the suspension. 28634141 5 34 theme brittle 918:924 arg1 crystals 930:937 the brittle Phe crystals 914:937 the brittle Phe crystals sandwiched between elastic CS particles 914:977 The mechanical characteristics detected by the indentation test assumed that the brittle Phe crystals sandwiched between elastic CS particles would be successfully crushed down by high shearing stress in the processor. 28634141 3 35 theme double-layered 558:571 arg1 particles 573:581 double-layered particles 558:581 double-layered particles with a core of CS and a coating layer of phenytoin (Phe) 558:638 The morphological observation and particle size evaluation revealed that the processed products formed the composite particles with ordered-mixed structure, having double-layered particles with a core of CS and a coating layer of phenytoin (Phe), as a model drug. 28634141 3 35 theme double-layered 558:571 arg1 drug 652:655 a model drug 644:655 a model drug 644:655 The morphological observation and particle size evaluation revealed that the processed products formed the composite particles with ordered-mixed structure, having double-layered particles with a core of CS and a coating layer of phenytoin (Phe), as a model drug. 28634141 5 36 from stress 1031:1036 arg1 processor 1045:1053 the processor 1041:1053 the processor 1041:1053 The mechanical characteristics detected by the indentation test assumed that the brittle Phe crystals sandwiched between elastic CS particles would be successfully crushed down by high shearing stress in the processor. 28634141 1 37 theme mechanical 179:188 arg1 processor 197:205 a mechanical powder processor 177:205 a mechanical powder processor for improving the dissolution properties of poorly water-soluble drugs 177:276 The novel dry milling technique has been developed by using a mechanical powder processor for improving the dissolution properties of poorly water-soluble drugs. 28634141 6 38 theme Phe 1132:1134 arg1 particles 1136:1144 the fine Phe particles 1123:1144 the fine Phe particles 1123:1144 The newly-established dispersion-sedimentation test indicated that the fine Phe particles were immediately detached from the composite particles in aqueous phase, constructing the suspension. 28634141 4 39 theme miniaturized 749:760 arg1 particles 766:774 the resultant miniaturized Phe particles 735:774 the resultant miniaturized Phe particles 735:774 This result suggested that the drug crystals were selectively micronized and the resultant miniaturized Phe particles were adhered/fixed on the surface of un-milled CS particles. 28634141 8 40 theme recrystallized 1481:1494 arg1 particles 1507:1515 recrystallized larger Phe particles 1481:1515 recrystallized larger Phe particles than 100μm 1481:1526 Such milling and ordered-mixturization have been also successfully done by using recrystallized larger Phe particles than 100μm. 28634141 8 41 theme Such 1400:1403 arg1 milling 1405:1411 Such milling 1400:1411 Such milling 1400:1411 Such milling and ordered-mixturization have been also successfully done by using recrystallized larger Phe particles than 100μm. 28634141 9 42 theme milling 1584:1590 arg1 technique 1592:1600 the contamination-free dry milling technique 1557:1600 the contamination-free dry milling technique 1557:1600 These results would propose the contamination-free dry milling technique without using hard milling balls or beads. 28634141 1 43 theme powder 190:195 arg1 processor 197:205 a mechanical powder processor 177:205 a mechanical powder processor for improving the dissolution properties of poorly water-soluble drugs 177:276 The novel dry milling technique has been developed by using a mechanical powder processor for improving the dissolution properties of poorly water-soluble drugs. 28634141 0 44 theme drug 34:37 arg1 particles 39:47 spherical drug particles 24:47 spherical drug particles 24:47 One step preparation of spherical drug particles by contamination-free dry milling technique with corn starch beads. 28634141 6 45 from particles 1191:1199 arg1 phase 1212:1216 aqueous phase 1204:1216 aqueous phase 1204:1216 The newly-established dispersion-sedimentation test indicated that the fine Phe particles were immediately detached from the composite particles in aqueous phase, constructing the suspension. 28634141 7 46 theme processed 1282:1290 arg1 particles 1292:1300 the processed particles 1278:1300 the processed particles 1278:1300 The dissolution behavior from the processed particles was found to be improved and strongly dependent on the size and amount of detached Phe particles. 28634141 3 47 theme CS 598:599 arg1 core 590:593 a core 588:593 a core of CS 588:599 The morphological observation and particle size evaluation revealed that the processed products formed the composite particles with ordered-mixed structure, having double-layered particles with a core of CS and a coating layer of phenytoin (Phe), as a model drug. 28634141 3 47 theme CS 598:599 arg1 layer 615:619 a coating layer 605:619 a coating layer of phenytoin (Phe) 605:638 The morphological observation and particle size evaluation revealed that the processed products formed the composite particles with ordered-mixed structure, having double-layered particles with a core of CS and a coating layer of phenytoin (Phe), as a model drug. 28634141 10 48 theme ordered-mixing 1686:1699 arg1 phenomena 1701:1709 the current milling and ordered-mixing phenomena 1662:1709 the current milling and ordered-mixing phenomena 1662:1709 The mechanism of the current milling and ordered-mixing phenomena is also provided in this report. 28634141 7 49 from particles 1292:1300 arg1 behavior 1264:1271 The dissolution behavior 1248:1271 The dissolution behavior from the processed particles 1248:1300 The dissolution behavior from the processed particles was found to be improved and strongly dependent on the size and amount of detached Phe particles. 28634141 0 50 theme spherical 24:32 arg1 particles 39:47 spherical drug particles 24:47 spherical drug particles 24:47 One step preparation of spherical drug particles by contamination-free dry milling technique with corn starch beads. 28634141 5 51 theme mechanical 841:850 arg1 characteristics 852:866 The mechanical characteristics 837:866 The mechanical characteristics detected by the indentation test 837:899 The mechanical characteristics detected by the indentation test assumed that the brittle Phe crystals sandwiched between elastic CS particles would be successfully crushed down by high shearing stress in the processor. 28634141 10 52 theme milling 1674:1680 arg1 phenomena 1701:1709 the current milling and ordered-mixing phenomena 1662:1709 the current milling and ordered-mixing phenomena 1662:1709 The mechanism of the current milling and ordered-mixing phenomena is also provided in this report. 28634141 3 53 theme phenytoin 624:632 arg1 core 590:593 a core 588:593 a core of CS 588:599 The morphological observation and particle size evaluation revealed that the processed products formed the composite particles with ordered-mixed structure, having double-layered particles with a core of CS and a coating layer of phenytoin (Phe), as a model drug. 28634141 3 53 theme phenytoin 624:632 arg1 layer 615:619 a coating layer 605:619 a coating layer of phenytoin (Phe) 605:638 The morphological observation and particle size evaluation revealed that the processed products formed the composite particles with ordered-mixed structure, having double-layered particles with a core of CS and a coating layer of phenytoin (Phe), as a model drug. 28634141 3 54 dep observation 412:422 arg1 evaluation 442:451 evaluation 442:451 evaluation 442:451 The morphological observation and particle size evaluation revealed that the processed products formed the composite particles with ordered-mixed structure, having double-layered particles with a core of CS and a coating layer of phenytoin (Phe), as a model drug. 28634141 6 55 theme newly-established 1060:1076 arg1 test 1103:1106 The newly-established dispersion-sedimentation test 1056:1106 The newly-established dispersion-sedimentation test 1056:1106 The newly-established dispersion-sedimentation test indicated that the fine Phe particles were immediately detached from the composite particles in aqueous phase, constructing the suspension. 28634141 10 56 theme current 1666:1672 arg1 phenomena 1701:1709 the current milling and ordered-mixing phenomena 1662:1709 the current milling and ordered-mixing phenomena 1662:1709 The mechanism of the current milling and ordered-mixing phenomena is also provided in this report. 28634141 5 57 theme shearing 1022:1029 arg1 stress 1031:1036 high shearing stress 1017:1036 high shearing stress in the processor 1017:1053 The mechanical characteristics detected by the indentation test assumed that the brittle Phe crystals sandwiched between elastic CS particles would be successfully crushed down by high shearing stress in the processor. 28634141 6 58 theme fine 1127:1130 arg1 particles 1136:1144 the fine Phe particles 1123:1144 the fine Phe particles 1123:1144 The newly-established dispersion-sedimentation test indicated that the fine Phe particles were immediately detached from the composite particles in aqueous phase, constructing the suspension. 28634141 0 59 theme particles 39:47 arg1 preparation 9:19 One step preparation 0:19 One step preparation of spherical drug particles by contamination-free dry milling technique with corn starch beads. 0:115 One step preparation of spherical drug particles by contamination-free dry milling technique with corn starch beads. 28634141 8 60 dep recrystallized 1481:1494 arg1 larger 1496:1501 larger 1496:1501 larger 1496:1501 Such milling and ordered-mixturization have been also successfully done by using recrystallized larger Phe particles than 100μm. 28634141 3 61 theme model 646:650 arg1 particles 573:581 double-layered particles 558:581 double-layered particles with a core of CS and a coating layer of phenytoin (Phe) 558:638 The morphological observation and particle size evaluation revealed that the processed products formed the composite particles with ordered-mixed structure, having double-layered particles with a core of CS and a coating layer of phenytoin (Phe), as a model drug. 28634141 3 61 theme model 646:650 arg1 drug 652:655 a model drug 644:655 a model drug 644:655 The morphological observation and particle size evaluation revealed that the processed products formed the composite particles with ordered-mixed structure, having double-layered particles with a core of CS and a coating layer of phenytoin (Phe), as a model drug. 28634141 8 62 theme Phe 1503:1505 arg1 particles 1507:1515 recrystallized larger Phe particles 1481:1515 recrystallized larger Phe particles than 100μm 1481:1526 Such milling and ordered-mixturization have been also successfully done by using recrystallized larger Phe particles than 100μm. 28634141 2 63 with co-processing 339:351 arg1 particles 363:371 fine particles 358:371 fine particles of corn starch (CS) 358:391 It was found that the drug crystals were well pulverized by co-processing with fine particles of corn starch (CS). 28634141 7 64 theme detached 1376:1383 arg1 particles 1389:1397 detached Phe particles 1376:1397 detached Phe particles 1376:1397 The dissolution behavior from the processed particles was found to be improved and strongly dependent on the size and amount of detached Phe particles. 28634141 5 65 theme high 1017:1020 arg1 stress 1031:1036 high shearing stress 1017:1036 high shearing stress in the processor 1017:1053 The mechanical characteristics detected by the indentation test assumed that the brittle Phe crystals sandwiched between elastic CS particles would be successfully crushed down by high shearing stress in the processor. 28634141 1 66 theme novel 121:125 arg1 technique 139:147 The novel dry milling technique 117:147 The novel dry milling technique 117:147 The novel dry milling technique has been developed by using a mechanical powder processor for improving the dissolution properties of poorly water-soluble drugs. 28634141 5 67 theme sandwiched 939:948 arg1 crystals 930:937 the brittle Phe crystals 914:937 the brittle Phe crystals sandwiched between elastic CS particles 914:977 The mechanical characteristics detected by the indentation test assumed that the brittle Phe crystals sandwiched between elastic CS particles would be successfully crushed down by high shearing stress in the processor. 28634141 9 68 theme hard 1616:1619 arg1 balls 1629:1633 hard milling balls 1616:1633 hard milling balls 1616:1633 These results would propose the contamination-free dry milling technique without using hard milling balls or beads. 28634141 4 69 theme Phe 762:764 arg1 particles 766:774 the resultant miniaturized Phe particles 735:774 the resultant miniaturized Phe particles 735:774 This result suggested that the drug crystals were selectively micronized and the resultant miniaturized Phe particles were adhered/fixed on the surface of un-milled CS particles. 28634141 1 70 theme dry 127:129 arg1 technique 139:147 The novel dry milling technique 117:147 The novel dry milling technique 117:147 The novel dry milling technique has been developed by using a mechanical powder processor for improving the dissolution properties of poorly water-soluble drugs. 28634141 4 71 theme drug 689:692 arg1 crystals 694:701 the drug crystals 685:701 the drug crystals 685:701 This result suggested that the drug crystals were selectively micronized and the resultant miniaturized Phe particles were adhered/fixed on the surface of un-milled CS particles. 28634141 0 72 theme dry 71:73 arg1 technique 83:91 contamination-free dry milling technique 52:91 contamination-free dry milling technique with corn starch beads 52:114 One step preparation of spherical drug particles by contamination-free dry milling technique with corn starch beads. 28634141 1 73 theme milling 131:137 arg1 technique 139:147 The novel dry milling technique 117:147 The novel dry milling technique 117:147 The novel dry milling technique has been developed by using a mechanical powder processor for improving the dissolution properties of poorly water-soluble drugs. 28634141 3 74 theme particle 428:435 arg1 size 437:440 particle size 428:440 particle size 428:440 The morphological observation and particle size evaluation revealed that the processed products formed the composite particles with ordered-mixed structure, having double-layered particles with a core of CS and a coating layer of phenytoin (Phe), as a model drug. 28634141 1 75 theme dissolution 225:235 arg1 properties 237:246 the dissolution properties 221:246 the dissolution properties of poorly water-soluble drugs 221:276 The novel dry milling technique has been developed by using a mechanical powder processor for improving the dissolution properties of poorly water-soluble drugs. 28634141 0 76 theme contamination-free 52:69 arg1 technique 83:91 contamination-free dry milling technique 52:91 contamination-free dry milling technique with corn starch beads 52:114 One step preparation of spherical drug particles by contamination-free dry milling technique with corn starch beads. 28634141 3 77 theme coating 607:613 arg1 layer 615:619 a coating layer 605:619 a coating layer of phenytoin (Phe) 605:638 The morphological observation and particle size evaluation revealed that the processed products formed the composite particles with ordered-mixed structure, having double-layered particles with a core of CS and a coating layer of phenytoin (Phe), as a model drug. 28634141 2 78 theme fine 358:361 arg1 particles 363:371 fine particles 358:371 fine particles of corn starch (CS) 358:391 It was found that the drug crystals were well pulverized by co-processing with fine particles of corn starch (CS). 27599882 3 0 from nm 461:462 arg1 diameter 480:487 hydrodynamic diameter 467:487 hydrodynamic diameter 467:487 rh174CBD assembled to nanospheres ≈35 nm in hydrodynamic diameter, very similar in size to wild type amelogenin (rh174). 27599882 5 1 theme multiple 862:869 arg1 CBDs 871:874 the multiple CBDs 858:874 the multiple CBDs 858:874 Cellulose binding of rh174CBD is promoted when the protein is self-assembled to nanospheres, compared to being in a monomeric form, suggesting a synergistic effect of the multiple CBDs on the nanospheres. 27599882 9 2 theme Engineered 1338:1347 arg1 nanoparticles 1360:1372 Engineered amelogenin nanoparticles 1338:1372 Engineered amelogenin nanoparticles 1338:1372 Engineered amelogenin nanoparticles can thus be utilized to construct a range of new cellulose based hybrid materials, e.g. for wound treatment. 27599882 1 3 dep engineering 109:119 arg1 functionalize 124:136 functionalize 124:136 to functionalize the self-assembling enamel matrix protein amelogenin with a cellulose binding domain (CBD) 121:227 Protein engineering to functionalize the self-assembling enamel matrix protein amelogenin with a cellulose binding domain (CBD) is used. 27599882 9 4 theme amelogenin 1349:1358 arg1 nanoparticles 1360:1372 Engineered amelogenin nanoparticles 1338:1372 Engineered amelogenin nanoparticles 1338:1372 Engineered amelogenin nanoparticles can thus be utilized to construct a range of new cellulose based hybrid materials, e.g. for wound treatment. 27599882 2 5 theme protein 294:300 arg1 binding 268:274 the binding 264:274 the binding of the engineered protein, rh174CBD, to cellulose materials 264:334 The purpose is to examine the binding of the engineered protein, rh174CBD, to cellulose materials, and the possibility to immobilize self-assembled amelogenin nanospheres on cellulose. 27599882 5 6 theme rh174CBD 712:719 arg1 binding 701:707 Cellulose binding 691:707 Cellulose binding of rh174CBD 691:719 Cellulose binding of rh174CBD is promoted when the protein is self-assembled to nanospheres, compared to being in a monomeric form, suggesting a synergistic effect of the multiple CBDs on the nanospheres. 27599882 7 7 with nanospheres 1084:1094 arg1 degree 1108:1113 a high degree 1101:1113 a high degree of cellulose binding 1101:1134 By mixing rh174 and rh174CBD, and then inducing self-assembly, composite nanospheres with a high degree of cellulose binding can be formed, despite a lower proportion of rh174CBD. 27599882 2 8 theme engineered 283:292 arg1 rh174CBD 303:310 rh174CBD 303:310 rh174CBD 303:310 The purpose is to examine the binding of the engineered protein, rh174CBD, to cellulose materials, and the possibility to immobilize self-assembled amelogenin nanospheres on cellulose. 27599882 2 8 theme engineered 283:292 arg1 protein 294:300 the engineered protein 279:300 the engineered protein 279:300 The purpose is to examine the binding of the engineered protein, rh174CBD, to cellulose materials, and the possibility to immobilize self-assembled amelogenin nanospheres on cellulose. 27599882 2 9 theme cellulose 316:324 arg1 materials 326:334 cellulose materials 316:334 cellulose materials 316:334 The purpose is to examine the binding of the engineered protein, rh174CBD, to cellulose materials, and the possibility to immobilize self-assembled amelogenin nanospheres on cellulose. 27599882 7 10 theme binding 1128:1134 arg1 degree 1108:1113 a high degree 1101:1113 a high degree of cellulose binding 1101:1134 By mixing rh174 and rh174CBD, and then inducing self-assembly, composite nanospheres with a high degree of cellulose binding can be formed, despite a lower proportion of rh174CBD. 27599882 5 11 theme monomeric 807:815 arg1 form 817:820 a monomeric form 805:820 a monomeric form 805:820 Cellulose binding of rh174CBD is promoted when the protein is self-assembled to nanospheres, compared to being in a monomeric form, suggesting a synergistic effect of the multiple CBDs on the nanospheres. 27599882 5 12 theme synergistic 836:846 arg1 effect 848:853 a synergistic effect 834:853 a synergistic effect of the multiple CBDs on the nanospheres 834:893 Cellulose binding of rh174CBD is promoted when the protein is self-assembled to nanospheres, compared to being in a monomeric form, suggesting a synergistic effect of the multiple CBDs on the nanospheres. 27599882 1 13 theme cellulose 198:206 arg1 domain 216:221 a cellulose binding domain 196:221 a cellulose binding domain (CBD) 196:227 Protein engineering to functionalize the self-assembling enamel matrix protein amelogenin with a cellulose binding domain (CBD) is used. 27599882 1 13 theme cellulose 198:206 arg1 CBD 224:226 CBD 224:226 CBD 224:226 Protein engineering to functionalize the self-assembling enamel matrix protein amelogenin with a cellulose binding domain (CBD) is used. 27599882 6 14 theme mg/g 949:952 arg1 Avicel 954:959 ≈15 mg/g Avicel 945:959 ≈15 mg/g Avicel 945:959 The amount of bound rh174CBD nanospheres reached ≈15 mg/g Avicel, which corresponds to 4.2 to 6.3 × 10-7 mole/m2 . 27599882 5 15 theme CBDs 871:874 arg1 effect 848:853 a synergistic effect 834:853 a synergistic effect of the multiple CBDs on the nanospheres 834:893 Cellulose binding of rh174CBD is promoted when the protein is self-assembled to nanospheres, compared to being in a monomeric form, suggesting a synergistic effect of the multiple CBDs on the nanospheres. 27599882 9 16 theme materials 1446:1454 arg1 range 1410:1414 a range 1408:1414 a range of new cellulose based hybrid materials, e.g. for wound treatment 1408:1480 Engineered amelogenin nanoparticles can thus be utilized to construct a range of new cellulose based hybrid materials, e.g. for wound treatment. 27599882 9 17 theme cellulose 1423:1431 arg1 materials 1446:1454 new cellulose based hybrid materials 1419:1454 new cellulose based hybrid materials 1419:1454 Engineered amelogenin nanoparticles can thus be utilized to construct a range of new cellulose based hybrid materials, e.g. for wound treatment. 27599882 1 18 theme binding 208:214 arg1 domain 216:221 a cellulose binding domain 196:221 a cellulose binding domain (CBD) 196:227 Protein engineering to functionalize the self-assembling enamel matrix protein amelogenin with a cellulose binding domain (CBD) is used. 27599882 1 18 theme binding 208:214 arg1 CBD 224:226 CBD 224:226 CBD 224:226 Protein engineering to functionalize the self-assembling enamel matrix protein amelogenin with a cellulose binding domain (CBD) is used. 27599882 5 19 dep self-assembled 753:766 arg1 compared 784:791 compared 784:791 compared to being in a monomeric form 784:820 Cellulose binding of rh174CBD is promoted when the protein is self-assembled to nanospheres, compared to being in a monomeric form, suggesting a synergistic effect of the multiple CBDs on the nanospheres. 27599882 3 20 from similar 495:501 arg1 size 506:509 size 506:509 size 506:509 rh174CBD assembled to nanospheres ≈35 nm in hydrodynamic diameter, very similar in size to wild type amelogenin (rh174). 27599882 1 21 theme Protein 101:107 arg1 engineering 109:119 Protein engineering 101:119 Protein engineering to functionalize the self-assembling enamel matrix protein amelogenin with a cellulose binding domain (CBD) 101:227 Protein engineering to functionalize the self-assembling enamel matrix protein amelogenin with a cellulose binding domain (CBD) is used. 27599882 2 22 theme amelogenin 386:395 arg1 nanospheres 397:407 self-assembled amelogenin nanospheres 371:407 self-assembled amelogenin nanospheres on cellulose 371:420 The purpose is to examine the binding of the engineered protein, rh174CBD, to cellulose materials, and the possibility to immobilize self-assembled amelogenin nanospheres on cellulose. 27599882 7 23 theme cellulose 1118:1126 arg1 binding 1128:1134 cellulose binding 1118:1134 cellulose binding 1118:1134 By mixing rh174 and rh174CBD, and then inducing self-assembly, composite nanospheres with a high degree of cellulose binding can be formed, despite a lower proportion of rh174CBD. 27599882 6 24 theme ≈15 945:947 arg1 mg/g 949:952 mg/g 949:952 mg/g 949:952 The amount of bound rh174CBD nanospheres reached ≈15 mg/g Avicel, which corresponds to 4.2 to 6.3 × 10-7 mole/m2 . 27599882 3 25 theme nanospheres 445:455 arg1 nm 461:462 nanospheres ≈35 nm 445:462 nanospheres ≈35 nm in hydrodynamic diameter, very similar in size to wild type amelogenin (rh174) 445:541 rh174CBD assembled to nanospheres ≈35 nm in hydrodynamic diameter, very similar in size to wild type amelogenin (rh174). 27599882 0 26 theme Amelogenin 33:42 arg1 Nanospheres 44:54 Recombinant Amelogenin Nanospheres 21:54 Recombinant Amelogenin Nanospheres 21:54 Functionalization of Recombinant Amelogenin Nanospheres Allows Their Binding to Cellulose Materials. 27599882 4 27 theme Uniform 544:550 arg1 particles 552:560 Uniform particles 544:560 Uniform particles 544:560 Uniform particles are formed at pH 10 for both rh174 and rh174CBD, but only rh174CBD nanospheres showes significant binding to cellulose (Avicel). 27599882 3 28 from size 506:509 arg1 similar 495:501 similar 495:501 similar 495:501 rh174CBD assembled to nanospheres ≈35 nm in hydrodynamic diameter, very similar in size to wild type amelogenin (rh174). 27599882 9 29 used utilized 1386:1393 arg2 nanoparticles 1360:1372 Engineered amelogenin nanoparticles 1338:1372 Engineered amelogenin nanoparticles 1338:1372 Engineered amelogenin nanoparticles can thus be utilized to construct a range of new cellulose based hybrid materials, e.g. for wound treatment. 27599882 0 30 theme Recombinant 21:31 arg1 Nanospheres 44:54 Recombinant Amelogenin Nanospheres 21:54 Recombinant Amelogenin Nanospheres 21:54 Functionalization of Recombinant Amelogenin Nanospheres Allows Their Binding to Cellulose Materials. 27599882 6 31 theme nanospheres 925:935 arg1 nanospheres 925:935 bound rh174CBD nanospheres 910:935 bound rh174CBD nanospheres 910:935 The amount of bound rh174CBD nanospheres reached ≈15 mg/g Avicel, which corresponds to 4.2 to 6.3 × 10-7 mole/m2 . 27599882 6 31 theme nanospheres 925:935 arg1 amount 900:905 The amount 896:905 The amount of bound rh174CBD nanospheres 896:935 The amount of bound rh174CBD nanospheres reached ≈15 mg/g Avicel, which corresponds to 4.2 to 6.3 × 10-7 mole/m2 . 27599882 9 32 theme based 1433:1437 arg1 materials 1446:1454 new cellulose based hybrid materials 1419:1454 new cellulose based hybrid materials 1419:1454 Engineered amelogenin nanoparticles can thus be utilized to construct a range of new cellulose based hybrid materials, e.g. for wound treatment. 27599882 3 33 theme wild 514:517 arg1 rh174 536:540 rh174 536:540 rh174 536:540 rh174CBD assembled to nanospheres ≈35 nm in hydrodynamic diameter, very similar in size to wild type amelogenin (rh174). 27599882 3 33 theme wild 514:517 arg1 amelogenin 524:533 wild type amelogenin 514:533 wild type amelogenin (rh174) 514:541 rh174CBD assembled to nanospheres ≈35 nm in hydrodynamic diameter, very similar in size to wild type amelogenin (rh174). 27599882 1 34 theme protein 172:178 arg1 amelogenin 180:189 the self-assembling enamel matrix protein amelogenin 138:189 the self-assembling enamel matrix protein amelogenin 138:189 Protein engineering to functionalize the self-assembling enamel matrix protein amelogenin with a cellulose binding domain (CBD) is used. 27599882 6 35 theme rh174CBD 916:923 arg1 nanospheres 925:935 bound rh174CBD nanospheres 910:935 bound rh174CBD nanospheres 910:935 The amount of bound rh174CBD nanospheres reached ≈15 mg/g Avicel, which corresponds to 4.2 to 6.3 × 10-7 mole/m2 . 27599882 5 36 theme Cellulose 691:699 arg1 binding 701:707 Cellulose binding 691:707 Cellulose binding of rh174CBD 691:719 Cellulose binding of rh174CBD is promoted when the protein is self-assembled to nanospheres, compared to being in a monomeric form, suggesting a synergistic effect of the multiple CBDs on the nanospheres. 27599882 7 37 theme rh174CBD 1181:1188 arg1 proportion 1167:1176 a lower proportion 1159:1176 a lower proportion of rh174CBD 1159:1188 By mixing rh174 and rh174CBD, and then inducing self-assembly, composite nanospheres with a high degree of cellulose binding can be formed, despite a lower proportion of rh174CBD. 27599882 1 38 used used 232:235 arg2 engineering 109:119 Protein engineering 101:119 Protein engineering to functionalize the self-assembling enamel matrix protein amelogenin with a cellulose binding domain (CBD) 101:227 Protein engineering to functionalize the self-assembling enamel matrix protein amelogenin with a cellulose binding domain (CBD) is used. 27599882 2 39 theme self-assembled 371:384 arg1 nanospheres 397:407 self-assembled amelogenin nanospheres 371:407 self-assembled amelogenin nanospheres on cellulose 371:420 The purpose is to examine the binding of the engineered protein, rh174CBD, to cellulose materials, and the possibility to immobilize self-assembled amelogenin nanospheres on cellulose. 27599882 8 40 theme amelogenin 1214:1223 arg1 variants 1225:1232 amelogenin variants 1214:1232 amelogenin variants like rh174 1214:1243 This demonstrates that amelogenin variants like rh174 can be incorporated into the nanospheres, and still retain most of the binding to cellulose. 27599882 0 41 theme Nanospheres 44:54 arg1 Functionalization 0:16 Functionalization 0:16 Functionalization of Recombinant Amelogenin Nanospheres 0:54 Functionalization of Recombinant Amelogenin Nanospheres Allows Their Binding to Cellulose Materials. 27599882 6 42 theme bound 910:914 arg1 nanospheres 925:935 bound rh174CBD nanospheres 910:935 bound rh174CBD nanospheres 910:935 The amount of bound rh174CBD nanospheres reached ≈15 mg/g Avicel, which corresponds to 4.2 to 6.3 × 10-7 mole/m2 . 27599882 7 43 theme high 1103:1106 arg1 degree 1108:1113 a high degree 1101:1113 a high degree of cellulose binding 1101:1134 By mixing rh174 and rh174CBD, and then inducing self-assembly, composite nanospheres with a high degree of cellulose binding can be formed, despite a lower proportion of rh174CBD. 27599882 6 44 theme 10-7 996:999 arg1 × 994:994 × 994:994 × 994:994 The amount of bound rh174CBD nanospheres reached ≈15 mg/g Avicel, which corresponds to 4.2 to 6.3 × 10-7 mole/m2 . 27599882 3 45 theme hydrodynamic 467:478 arg1 diameter 480:487 hydrodynamic diameter 467:487 hydrodynamic diameter 467:487 rh174CBD assembled to nanospheres ≈35 nm in hydrodynamic diameter, very similar in size to wild type amelogenin (rh174). 27599882 7 46 theme composite 1074:1082 arg1 nanospheres 1084:1094 composite nanospheres 1074:1094 composite nanospheres with a high degree of cellulose binding 1074:1134 By mixing rh174 and rh174CBD, and then inducing self-assembly, composite nanospheres with a high degree of cellulose binding can be formed, despite a lower proportion of rh174CBD. 27599882 9 47 theme new 1419:1421 arg1 materials 1446:1454 new cellulose based hybrid materials 1419:1454 new cellulose based hybrid materials 1419:1454 Engineered amelogenin nanoparticles can thus be utilized to construct a range of new cellulose based hybrid materials, e.g. for wound treatment. 27599882 9 48 theme hybrid 1439:1444 arg1 materials 1446:1454 new cellulose based hybrid materials 1419:1454 new cellulose based hybrid materials 1419:1454 Engineered amelogenin nanoparticles can thus be utilized to construct a range of new cellulose based hybrid materials, e.g. for wound treatment. 27599882 9 49 theme wound 1466:1470 arg1 treatment 1472:1480 wound treatment 1466:1480 wound treatment 1466:1480 Engineered amelogenin nanoparticles can thus be utilized to construct a range of new cellulose based hybrid materials, e.g. for wound treatment. 27599882 1 50 theme self-assembling 142:156 arg1 protein 172:178 the self-assembling enamel matrix protein 138:178 the self-assembling enamel matrix protein amelogenin 138:189 Protein engineering to functionalize the self-assembling enamel matrix protein amelogenin with a cellulose binding domain (CBD) is used. 27599882 4 51 theme significant 648:658 arg1 binding 660:666 significant binding 648:666 significant binding to cellulose (Avicel) 648:688 Uniform particles are formed at pH 10 for both rh174 and rh174CBD, but only rh174CBD nanospheres showes significant binding to cellulose (Avicel). 27599882 2 52 from nanospheres 397:407 arg1 cellulose 412:420 cellulose 412:420 cellulose 412:420 The purpose is to examine the binding of the engineered protein, rh174CBD, to cellulose materials, and the possibility to immobilize self-assembled amelogenin nanospheres on cellulose. 27599882 1 53 theme enamel 158:163 arg1 protein 172:178 the self-assembling enamel matrix protein 138:178 the self-assembling enamel matrix protein amelogenin 138:189 Protein engineering to functionalize the self-assembling enamel matrix protein amelogenin with a cellulose binding domain (CBD) is used. 27599882 6 54 dep × 994:994 arg1 to 987:988 to 987:988 to 987:988 The amount of bound rh174CBD nanospheres reached ≈15 mg/g Avicel, which corresponds to 4.2 to 6.3 × 10-7 mole/m2 . 27599882 1 55 theme matrix 165:170 arg1 protein 172:178 the self-assembling enamel matrix protein 138:178 the self-assembling enamel matrix protein amelogenin 138:189 Protein engineering to functionalize the self-assembling enamel matrix protein amelogenin with a cellulose binding domain (CBD) is used. 27599882 6 56 theme 4.2 983:985 arg1 × 994:994 × 994:994 × 994:994 The amount of bound rh174CBD nanospheres reached ≈15 mg/g Avicel, which corresponds to 4.2 to 6.3 × 10-7 mole/m2 . 27599882 0 57 theme Cellulose 80:88 arg1 Materials 90:98 Cellulose Materials 80:98 Cellulose Materials 80:98 Functionalization of Recombinant Amelogenin Nanospheres Allows Their Binding to Cellulose Materials. 27599882 6 58 theme 6.3 990:992 arg1 × 994:994 × 994:994 × 994:994 The amount of bound rh174CBD nanospheres reached ≈15 mg/g Avicel, which corresponds to 4.2 to 6.3 × 10-7 mole/m2 . 27599882 5 59 from effect 848:853 arg1 nanospheres 883:893 the nanospheres 879:893 the nanospheres 879:893 Cellulose binding of rh174CBD is promoted when the protein is self-assembled to nanospheres, compared to being in a monomeric form, suggesting a synergistic effect of the multiple CBDs on the nanospheres. 27599882 3 60 theme type 519:522 arg1 rh174 536:540 rh174 536:540 rh174 536:540 rh174CBD assembled to nanospheres ≈35 nm in hydrodynamic diameter, very similar in size to wild type amelogenin (rh174). 27599882 3 60 theme type 519:522 arg1 amelogenin 524:533 wild type amelogenin 514:533 wild type amelogenin (rh174) 514:541 rh174CBD assembled to nanospheres ≈35 nm in hydrodynamic diameter, very similar in size to wild type amelogenin (rh174). 27599882 3 61 theme similar 495:501 arg1 diameter 480:487 hydrodynamic diameter 467:487 hydrodynamic diameter 467:487 rh174CBD assembled to nanospheres ≈35 nm in hydrodynamic diameter, very similar in size to wild type amelogenin (rh174). 27599882 7 62 theme lower 1161:1165 arg1 proportion 1167:1176 a lower proportion 1159:1176 a lower proportion of rh174CBD 1159:1188 By mixing rh174 and rh174CBD, and then inducing self-assembly, composite nanospheres with a high degree of cellulose binding can be formed, despite a lower proportion of rh174CBD. 27599882 4 63 dep nanospheres 629:639 arg1 showes 641:646 showes 641:646 nanospheres showes significant binding to cellulose (Avicel) 629:688 Uniform particles are formed at pH 10 for both rh174 and rh174CBD, but only rh174CBD nanospheres showes significant binding to cellulose (Avicel). 29032647 6 0 theme MRS 1204:1206 arg1 medium 1208:1213 MRS medium 1204:1213 MRS medium 1204:1213 The CJM developed in this study was able to yield a comparable level of bacterial counts with MRS medium and reduced the cost by almost 10-fold. 29032647 5 1 theme % 1032:1032 arg1 extract 1046:1052 1% (w/v) yeast extract 1031:1052 1% (w/v) yeast extract 1031:1052 The optimized composition of CJM was 70% cabbage juice diluted with water, 0.5% (w/v) sucrose, 1% (w/v) yeast extract, 1% (w/v) soy peptone, and 1.5% (w/v) ark shell powder. 29032647 1 2 theme high-quality 158:169 arg1 products 178:185 high-quality kimchi products 158:185 high-quality kimchi products 158:185 Leuconostoc mesenteroides is used as a starter to produce high-quality kimchi products. 29032647 5 3 theme shell 1096:1100 arg1 powder 1102:1107 ark shell powder 1092:1107 ark shell powder 1092:1107 The optimized composition of CJM was 70% cabbage juice diluted with water, 0.5% (w/v) sucrose, 1% (w/v) yeast extract, 1% (w/v) soy peptone, and 1.5% (w/v) ark shell powder. 29032647 0 4 theme mesenteroides 77:89 arg1 Production 51:60 Industrial Production 40:60 Industrial Production of Leuconostoc mesenteroides 40:89 Development of Cabbage Juice Medium for Industrial Production of Leuconostoc mesenteroides Starter. 29032647 1 5 theme kimchi 171:176 arg1 products 178:185 high-quality kimchi products 158:185 high-quality kimchi products 158:185 Leuconostoc mesenteroides is used as a starter to produce high-quality kimchi products. 29032647 3 6 with Addition 570:577 arg1 peptone 617:623 soy peptone 613:623 soy peptone 613:623 The pasteurized cabbage juice was determined to be a good medium candidate to cultivate L. mesenteroides, showing maximal cell numbers (9.85 × 10⁸CFU/ml) after 24 h. Addition of sucrose and yeast extract with soy peptone resulted in increment of bacterial cell counts in CJM, showing the supplementing effect of the lacking nutrients. 29032647 4 7 theme shell 764:768 arg1 powder 770:775 shell powder 764:775 shell powder 764:775 Furthermore, addition of shell powder gave a protective effect on bacterial cells by preventing pH decline and organic acid accumulation in CJM, resulting in a 2-fold increase of bacterial counts. 29032647 2 8 theme compositional 344:356 arg1 supplementation 358:372 compositional supplementation 344:372 compositional supplementation of various lacking nutrients 344:401 In this study, an efficient and economical cabbage juice medium (CJM) was developed by process optimization of cabbage extraction and pasteurization and by compositional supplementation of various lacking nutrients. 29032647 4 9 theme bacterial 805:813 arg1 cells 815:819 bacterial cells 805:819 bacterial cells 805:819 Furthermore, addition of shell powder gave a protective effect on bacterial cells by preventing pH decline and organic acid accumulation in CJM, resulting in a 2-fold increase of bacterial counts. 29032647 2 10 theme process 275:281 arg1 optimization 283:294 process optimization 275:294 process optimization of cabbage extraction and pasteurization 275:335 In this study, an efficient and economical cabbage juice medium (CJM) was developed by process optimization of cabbage extraction and pasteurization and by compositional supplementation of various lacking nutrients. 29032647 5 11 theme CJM 965:967 arg1 juice 985:989 70% cabbage juice 973:989 70% cabbage juice 973:989 The optimized composition of CJM was 70% cabbage juice diluted with water, 0.5% (w/v) sucrose, 1% (w/v) yeast extract, 1% (w/v) soy peptone, and 1.5% (w/v) ark shell powder. 29032647 5 11 theme CJM 965:967 arg1 composition 950:960 The optimized composition 936:960 The optimized composition of CJM 936:967 The optimized composition of CJM was 70% cabbage juice diluted with water, 0.5% (w/v) sucrose, 1% (w/v) yeast extract, 1% (w/v) soy peptone, and 1.5% (w/v) ark shell powder. 29032647 2 12 theme extraction 307:316 arg1 optimization 283:294 process optimization 275:294 process optimization of cabbage extraction and pasteurization 275:335 In this study, an efficient and economical cabbage juice medium (CJM) was developed by process optimization of cabbage extraction and pasteurization and by compositional supplementation of various lacking nutrients. 29032647 4 13 theme organic 850:856 arg1 accumulation 863:874 organic acid accumulation 850:874 organic acid accumulation in CJM 850:881 Furthermore, addition of shell powder gave a protective effect on bacterial cells by preventing pH decline and organic acid accumulation in CJM, resulting in a 2-fold increase of bacterial counts. 29032647 5 14 dep water 1004:1008 arg1 powder 1102:1107 ark shell powder 1092:1107 ark shell powder 1092:1107 The optimized composition of CJM was 70% cabbage juice diluted with water, 0.5% (w/v) sucrose, 1% (w/v) yeast extract, 1% (w/v) soy peptone, and 1.5% (w/v) ark shell powder. 29032647 4 15 theme counts 928:933 arg1 increase 906:913 a 2-fold increase 897:913 a 2-fold increase of bacterial counts 897:933 Furthermore, addition of shell powder gave a protective effect on bacterial cells by preventing pH decline and organic acid accumulation in CJM, resulting in a 2-fold increase of bacterial counts. 29032647 5 16 theme optimized 940:948 arg1 juice 985:989 70% cabbage juice 973:989 70% cabbage juice 973:989 The optimized composition of CJM was 70% cabbage juice diluted with water, 0.5% (w/v) sucrose, 1% (w/v) yeast extract, 1% (w/v) soy peptone, and 1.5% (w/v) ark shell powder. 29032647 5 16 theme optimized 940:948 arg1 composition 950:960 The optimized composition 936:960 The optimized composition of CJM 936:967 The optimized composition of CJM was 70% cabbage juice diluted with water, 0.5% (w/v) sucrose, 1% (w/v) yeast extract, 1% (w/v) soy peptone, and 1.5% (w/v) ark shell powder. 29032647 3 17 theme cabbage 420:426 arg1 candidate 469:477 a good medium candidate 455:477 a good medium candidate to cultivate L. mesenteroides, showing maximal cell numbers (9.85 × 10⁸CFU/ml) after 24 h. Addition of sucrose and yeast extract with soy peptone resulted in increment of bacterial cell counts in CJM, showing the supplementing effect of the lacking nutrients 455:736 The pasteurized cabbage juice was determined to be a good medium candidate to cultivate L. mesenteroides, showing maximal cell numbers (9.85 × 10⁸CFU/ml) after 24 h. Addition of sucrose and yeast extract with soy peptone resulted in increment of bacterial cell counts in CJM, showing the supplementing effect of the lacking nutrients. 29032647 3 17 theme cabbage 420:426 arg1 juice 428:432 The pasteurized cabbage juice 404:432 The pasteurized cabbage juice 404:432 The pasteurized cabbage juice was determined to be a good medium candidate to cultivate L. mesenteroides, showing maximal cell numbers (9.85 × 10⁸CFU/ml) after 24 h. Addition of sucrose and yeast extract with soy peptone resulted in increment of bacterial cell counts in CJM, showing the supplementing effect of the lacking nutrients. 29032647 5 18 theme cabbage 977:983 arg1 juice 985:989 70% cabbage juice 973:989 70% cabbage juice 973:989 The optimized composition of CJM was 70% cabbage juice diluted with water, 0.5% (w/v) sucrose, 1% (w/v) yeast extract, 1% (w/v) soy peptone, and 1.5% (w/v) ark shell powder. 29032647 5 18 theme cabbage 977:983 arg1 composition 950:960 The optimized composition 936:960 The optimized composition of CJM 936:967 The optimized composition of CJM was 70% cabbage juice diluted with water, 0.5% (w/v) sucrose, 1% (w/v) yeast extract, 1% (w/v) soy peptone, and 1.5% (w/v) ark shell powder. 29032647 3 19 theme supplementing 692:704 arg1 effect 706:711 the supplementing effect 688:711 the supplementing effect of the lacking nutrients 688:736 The pasteurized cabbage juice was determined to be a good medium candidate to cultivate L. mesenteroides, showing maximal cell numbers (9.85 × 10⁸CFU/ml) after 24 h. Addition of sucrose and yeast extract with soy peptone resulted in increment of bacterial cell counts in CJM, showing the supplementing effect of the lacking nutrients. 29032647 4 20 theme pH 835:836 arg1 decline 838:844 pH decline 835:844 pH decline 835:844 Furthermore, addition of shell powder gave a protective effect on bacterial cells by preventing pH decline and organic acid accumulation in CJM, resulting in a 2-fold increase of bacterial counts. 29032647 0 21 dep Starter 91:97 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development of Cabbage Juice Medium for Industrial Production of Leuconostoc mesenteroides 0:89 Development of Cabbage Juice Medium for Industrial Production of Leuconostoc mesenteroides Starter. 29032647 5 22 theme % 1056:1056 arg1 peptone 1068:1074 1% (w/v) soy peptone 1055:1074 1% (w/v) soy peptone 1055:1074 The optimized composition of CJM was 70% cabbage juice diluted with water, 0.5% (w/v) sucrose, 1% (w/v) yeast extract, 1% (w/v) soy peptone, and 1.5% (w/v) ark shell powder. 29032647 2 23 theme nutrients 393:401 arg1 supplementation 358:372 compositional supplementation 344:372 compositional supplementation of various lacking nutrients 344:401 In this study, an efficient and economical cabbage juice medium (CJM) was developed by process optimization of cabbage extraction and pasteurization and by compositional supplementation of various lacking nutrients. 29032647 3 24 from increment 637:645 arg1 CJM 675:677 CJM 675:677 CJM 675:677 The pasteurized cabbage juice was determined to be a good medium candidate to cultivate L. mesenteroides, showing maximal cell numbers (9.85 × 10⁸CFU/ml) after 24 h. Addition of sucrose and yeast extract with soy peptone resulted in increment of bacterial cell counts in CJM, showing the supplementing effect of the lacking nutrients. 29032647 3 25 theme nutrients 728:736 arg1 effect 706:711 the supplementing effect 688:711 the supplementing effect of the lacking nutrients 688:736 The pasteurized cabbage juice was determined to be a good medium candidate to cultivate L. mesenteroides, showing maximal cell numbers (9.85 × 10⁸CFU/ml) after 24 h. Addition of sucrose and yeast extract with soy peptone resulted in increment of bacterial cell counts in CJM, showing the supplementing effect of the lacking nutrients. 29032647 4 26 from accumulation 863:874 arg1 CJM 879:881 CJM 879:881 CJM 879:881 Furthermore, addition of shell powder gave a protective effect on bacterial cells by preventing pH decline and organic acid accumulation in CJM, resulting in a 2-fold increase of bacterial counts. 29032647 5 27 theme % 975:975 arg1 juice 985:989 70% cabbage juice 973:989 70% cabbage juice 973:989 The optimized composition of CJM was 70% cabbage juice diluted with water, 0.5% (w/v) sucrose, 1% (w/v) yeast extract, 1% (w/v) soy peptone, and 1.5% (w/v) ark shell powder. 29032647 5 27 theme % 975:975 arg1 composition 950:960 The optimized composition 936:960 The optimized composition of CJM 936:967 The optimized composition of CJM was 70% cabbage juice diluted with water, 0.5% (w/v) sucrose, 1% (w/v) yeast extract, 1% (w/v) soy peptone, and 1.5% (w/v) ark shell powder. 29032647 2 28 theme cabbage 299:305 arg1 extraction 307:316 cabbage extraction 299:316 cabbage extraction 299:316 In this study, an efficient and economical cabbage juice medium (CJM) was developed by process optimization of cabbage extraction and pasteurization and by compositional supplementation of various lacking nutrients. 29032647 2 29 theme lacking 385:391 arg1 nutrients 393:401 various lacking nutrients 377:401 various lacking nutrients 377:401 In this study, an efficient and economical cabbage juice medium (CJM) was developed by process optimization of cabbage extraction and pasteurization and by compositional supplementation of various lacking nutrients. 29032647 0 30 theme Juice 23:27 arg1 Medium 29:34 Cabbage Juice Medium 15:34 Cabbage Juice Medium 15:34 Development of Cabbage Juice Medium for Industrial Production of Leuconostoc mesenteroides Starter. 29032647 6 31 theme comparable 1162:1171 arg1 level 1173:1177 a comparable level 1160:1177 a comparable level of bacterial counts 1160:1197 The CJM developed in this study was able to yield a comparable level of bacterial counts with MRS medium and reduced the cost by almost 10-fold. 29032647 3 32 theme sucrose 582:588 arg1 Addition 570:577 Addition 570:577 Addition of sucrose and yeast extract with soy peptone 570:623 The pasteurized cabbage juice was determined to be a good medium candidate to cultivate L. mesenteroides, showing maximal cell numbers (9.85 × 10⁸CFU/ml) after 24 h. Addition of sucrose and yeast extract with soy peptone resulted in increment of bacterial cell counts in CJM, showing the supplementing effect of the lacking nutrients. 29032647 1 33 theme Leuconostoc 100:110 arg1 starter 139:145 a starter 137:145 a starter to produce high-quality kimchi products 137:185 Leuconostoc mesenteroides is used as a starter to produce high-quality kimchi products. 29032647 1 33 theme Leuconostoc 100:110 arg1 mesenteroides 112:124 Leuconostoc mesenteroides 100:124 Leuconostoc mesenteroides 100:124 Leuconostoc mesenteroides is used as a starter to produce high-quality kimchi products. 29032647 4 34 from effect 795:800 arg1 cells 815:819 bacterial cells 805:819 bacterial cells 805:819 Furthermore, addition of shell powder gave a protective effect on bacterial cells by preventing pH decline and organic acid accumulation in CJM, resulting in a 2-fold increase of bacterial counts. 29032647 5 35 theme % 1014:1014 arg1 sucrose 1022:1028 0.5% (w/v) sucrose 1011:1028 0.5% (w/v) sucrose 1011:1028 The optimized composition of CJM was 70% cabbage juice diluted with water, 0.5% (w/v) sucrose, 1% (w/v) yeast extract, 1% (w/v) soy peptone, and 1.5% (w/v) ark shell powder. 29032647 1 36 used used 129:132 arg2 mesenteroides 112:124 Leuconostoc mesenteroides 100:124 Leuconostoc mesenteroides 100:124 Leuconostoc mesenteroides is used as a starter to produce high-quality kimchi products. 29032647 1 36 used used 129:132 arg2 starter 139:145 a starter 137:145 a starter to produce high-quality kimchi products 137:185 Leuconostoc mesenteroides is used as a starter to produce high-quality kimchi products. 29032647 3 37 dep h. 567:568 arg1 resulted 625:632 resulted 625:632 resulted 625:632 The pasteurized cabbage juice was determined to be a good medium candidate to cultivate L. mesenteroides, showing maximal cell numbers (9.85 × 10⁸CFU/ml) after 24 h. Addition of sucrose and yeast extract with soy peptone resulted in increment of bacterial cell counts in CJM, showing the supplementing effect of the lacking nutrients. 29032647 3 38 theme cell 526:529 arg1 10⁸CFU/ml 547:555 9.85 × 10⁸CFU/ml 540:555 9.85 × 10⁸CFU/ml 540:555 The pasteurized cabbage juice was determined to be a good medium candidate to cultivate L. mesenteroides, showing maximal cell numbers (9.85 × 10⁸CFU/ml) after 24 h. Addition of sucrose and yeast extract with soy peptone resulted in increment of bacterial cell counts in CJM, showing the supplementing effect of the lacking nutrients. 29032647 3 38 theme cell 526:529 arg1 numbers 531:537 maximal cell numbers 518:537 maximal cell numbers (9.85 × 10⁸CFU/ml) 518:556 The pasteurized cabbage juice was determined to be a good medium candidate to cultivate L. mesenteroides, showing maximal cell numbers (9.85 × 10⁸CFU/ml) after 24 h. Addition of sucrose and yeast extract with soy peptone resulted in increment of bacterial cell counts in CJM, showing the supplementing effect of the lacking nutrients. 29032647 5 39 theme yeast 1040:1044 arg1 extract 1046:1052 1% (w/v) yeast extract 1031:1052 1% (w/v) yeast extract 1031:1052 The optimized composition of CJM was 70% cabbage juice diluted with water, 0.5% (w/v) sucrose, 1% (w/v) yeast extract, 1% (w/v) soy peptone, and 1.5% (w/v) ark shell powder. 29032647 3 40 theme lacking 720:726 arg1 nutrients 728:736 the lacking nutrients 716:736 the lacking nutrients 716:736 The pasteurized cabbage juice was determined to be a good medium candidate to cultivate L. mesenteroides, showing maximal cell numbers (9.85 × 10⁸CFU/ml) after 24 h. Addition of sucrose and yeast extract with soy peptone resulted in increment of bacterial cell counts in CJM, showing the supplementing effect of the lacking nutrients. 29032647 4 41 theme 2-fold 899:904 arg1 increase 906:913 a 2-fold increase 897:913 a 2-fold increase of bacterial counts 897:933 Furthermore, addition of shell powder gave a protective effect on bacterial cells by preventing pH decline and organic acid accumulation in CJM, resulting in a 2-fold increase of bacterial counts. 29032647 2 42 theme juice 239:243 arg1 CJM 253:255 CJM 253:255 CJM 253:255 In this study, an efficient and economical cabbage juice medium (CJM) was developed by process optimization of cabbage extraction and pasteurization and by compositional supplementation of various lacking nutrients. 29032647 2 42 theme juice 239:243 arg1 medium 245:250 an efficient and economical cabbage juice medium 203:250 an efficient and economical cabbage juice medium (CJM) 203:256 In this study, an efficient and economical cabbage juice medium (CJM) was developed by process optimization of cabbage extraction and pasteurization and by compositional supplementation of various lacking nutrients. 29032647 3 43 theme good 457:460 arg1 juice 428:432 The pasteurized cabbage juice 404:432 The pasteurized cabbage juice 404:432 The pasteurized cabbage juice was determined to be a good medium candidate to cultivate L. mesenteroides, showing maximal cell numbers (9.85 × 10⁸CFU/ml) after 24 h. Addition of sucrose and yeast extract with soy peptone resulted in increment of bacterial cell counts in CJM, showing the supplementing effect of the lacking nutrients. 29032647 3 43 theme good 457:460 arg1 candidate 469:477 a good medium candidate 455:477 a good medium candidate to cultivate L. mesenteroides, showing maximal cell numbers (9.85 × 10⁸CFU/ml) after 24 h. Addition of sucrose and yeast extract with soy peptone resulted in increment of bacterial cell counts in CJM, showing the supplementing effect of the lacking nutrients 455:736 The pasteurized cabbage juice was determined to be a good medium candidate to cultivate L. mesenteroides, showing maximal cell numbers (9.85 × 10⁸CFU/ml) after 24 h. Addition of sucrose and yeast extract with soy peptone resulted in increment of bacterial cell counts in CJM, showing the supplementing effect of the lacking nutrients. 29032647 0 44 theme Medium 29:34 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development of Cabbage Juice Medium for Industrial Production of Leuconostoc mesenteroides 0:89 Development of Cabbage Juice Medium for Industrial Production of Leuconostoc mesenteroides Starter. 29032647 2 45 theme cabbage 231:237 arg1 CJM 253:255 CJM 253:255 CJM 253:255 In this study, an efficient and economical cabbage juice medium (CJM) was developed by process optimization of cabbage extraction and pasteurization and by compositional supplementation of various lacking nutrients. 29032647 2 45 theme cabbage 231:237 arg1 medium 245:250 an efficient and economical cabbage juice medium 203:250 an efficient and economical cabbage juice medium (CJM) 203:256 In this study, an efficient and economical cabbage juice medium (CJM) was developed by process optimization of cabbage extraction and pasteurization and by compositional supplementation of various lacking nutrients. 29032647 5 46 theme soy 1064:1066 arg1 peptone 1068:1074 1% (w/v) soy peptone 1055:1074 1% (w/v) soy peptone 1055:1074 The optimized composition of CJM was 70% cabbage juice diluted with water, 0.5% (w/v) sucrose, 1% (w/v) yeast extract, 1% (w/v) soy peptone, and 1.5% (w/v) ark shell powder. 29032647 3 47 theme medium 462:467 arg1 juice 428:432 The pasteurized cabbage juice 404:432 The pasteurized cabbage juice 404:432 The pasteurized cabbage juice was determined to be a good medium candidate to cultivate L. mesenteroides, showing maximal cell numbers (9.85 × 10⁸CFU/ml) after 24 h. Addition of sucrose and yeast extract with soy peptone resulted in increment of bacterial cell counts in CJM, showing the supplementing effect of the lacking nutrients. 29032647 3 47 theme medium 462:467 arg1 candidate 469:477 a good medium candidate 455:477 a good medium candidate to cultivate L. mesenteroides, showing maximal cell numbers (9.85 × 10⁸CFU/ml) after 24 h. Addition of sucrose and yeast extract with soy peptone resulted in increment of bacterial cell counts in CJM, showing the supplementing effect of the lacking nutrients 455:736 The pasteurized cabbage juice was determined to be a good medium candidate to cultivate L. mesenteroides, showing maximal cell numbers (9.85 × 10⁸CFU/ml) after 24 h. Addition of sucrose and yeast extract with soy peptone resulted in increment of bacterial cell counts in CJM, showing the supplementing effect of the lacking nutrients. 29032647 3 48 theme pasteurized 408:418 arg1 candidate 469:477 a good medium candidate 455:477 a good medium candidate to cultivate L. mesenteroides, showing maximal cell numbers (9.85 × 10⁸CFU/ml) after 24 h. Addition of sucrose and yeast extract with soy peptone resulted in increment of bacterial cell counts in CJM, showing the supplementing effect of the lacking nutrients 455:736 The pasteurized cabbage juice was determined to be a good medium candidate to cultivate L. mesenteroides, showing maximal cell numbers (9.85 × 10⁸CFU/ml) after 24 h. Addition of sucrose and yeast extract with soy peptone resulted in increment of bacterial cell counts in CJM, showing the supplementing effect of the lacking nutrients. 29032647 3 48 theme pasteurized 408:418 arg1 juice 428:432 The pasteurized cabbage juice 404:432 The pasteurized cabbage juice 404:432 The pasteurized cabbage juice was determined to be a good medium candidate to cultivate L. mesenteroides, showing maximal cell numbers (9.85 × 10⁸CFU/ml) after 24 h. Addition of sucrose and yeast extract with soy peptone resulted in increment of bacterial cell counts in CJM, showing the supplementing effect of the lacking nutrients. 29032647 6 49 theme counts 1192:1197 arg1 level 1173:1177 a comparable level 1160:1177 a comparable level of bacterial counts 1160:1197 The CJM developed in this study was able to yield a comparable level of bacterial counts with MRS medium and reduced the cost by almost 10-fold. 29032647 5 50 theme 70 973:974 arg1 % 975:975 % 975:975 % 975:975 The optimized composition of CJM was 70% cabbage juice diluted with water, 0.5% (w/v) sucrose, 1% (w/v) yeast extract, 1% (w/v) soy peptone, and 1.5% (w/v) ark shell powder. 29032647 2 51 theme economical 220:229 arg1 CJM 253:255 CJM 253:255 CJM 253:255 In this study, an efficient and economical cabbage juice medium (CJM) was developed by process optimization of cabbage extraction and pasteurization and by compositional supplementation of various lacking nutrients. 29032647 2 51 theme economical 220:229 arg1 medium 245:250 an efficient and economical cabbage juice medium 203:250 an efficient and economical cabbage juice medium (CJM) 203:256 In this study, an efficient and economical cabbage juice medium (CJM) was developed by process optimization of cabbage extraction and pasteurization and by compositional supplementation of various lacking nutrients. 29032647 0 52 theme Industrial 40:49 arg1 Production 51:60 Industrial Production 40:60 Industrial Production of Leuconostoc mesenteroides 40:89 Development of Cabbage Juice Medium for Industrial Production of Leuconostoc mesenteroides Starter. 29032647 2 53 theme efficient 206:214 arg1 CJM 253:255 CJM 253:255 CJM 253:255 In this study, an efficient and economical cabbage juice medium (CJM) was developed by process optimization of cabbage extraction and pasteurization and by compositional supplementation of various lacking nutrients. 29032647 2 53 theme efficient 206:214 arg1 medium 245:250 an efficient and economical cabbage juice medium 203:250 an efficient and economical cabbage juice medium (CJM) 203:256 In this study, an efficient and economical cabbage juice medium (CJM) was developed by process optimization of cabbage extraction and pasteurization and by compositional supplementation of various lacking nutrients. 29032647 3 54 theme maximal 518:524 arg1 10⁸CFU/ml 547:555 9.85 × 10⁸CFU/ml 540:555 9.85 × 10⁸CFU/ml 540:555 The pasteurized cabbage juice was determined to be a good medium candidate to cultivate L. mesenteroides, showing maximal cell numbers (9.85 × 10⁸CFU/ml) after 24 h. Addition of sucrose and yeast extract with soy peptone resulted in increment of bacterial cell counts in CJM, showing the supplementing effect of the lacking nutrients. 29032647 3 54 theme maximal 518:524 arg1 numbers 531:537 maximal cell numbers 518:537 maximal cell numbers (9.85 × 10⁸CFU/ml) 518:556 The pasteurized cabbage juice was determined to be a good medium candidate to cultivate L. mesenteroides, showing maximal cell numbers (9.85 × 10⁸CFU/ml) after 24 h. Addition of sucrose and yeast extract with soy peptone resulted in increment of bacterial cell counts in CJM, showing the supplementing effect of the lacking nutrients. 29032647 4 55 theme acid 858:861 arg1 accumulation 863:874 organic acid accumulation 850:874 organic acid accumulation in CJM 850:881 Furthermore, addition of shell powder gave a protective effect on bacterial cells by preventing pH decline and organic acid accumulation in CJM, resulting in a 2-fold increase of bacterial counts. 29032647 3 56 theme extract 600:606 arg1 Addition 570:577 Addition 570:577 Addition of sucrose and yeast extract with soy peptone 570:623 The pasteurized cabbage juice was determined to be a good medium candidate to cultivate L. mesenteroides, showing maximal cell numbers (9.85 × 10⁸CFU/ml) after 24 h. Addition of sucrose and yeast extract with soy peptone resulted in increment of bacterial cell counts in CJM, showing the supplementing effect of the lacking nutrients. 29032647 3 57 theme counts 665:670 arg1 increment 637:645 increment 637:645 increment of bacterial cell counts in CJM 637:677 The pasteurized cabbage juice was determined to be a good medium candidate to cultivate L. mesenteroides, showing maximal cell numbers (9.85 × 10⁸CFU/ml) after 24 h. Addition of sucrose and yeast extract with soy peptone resulted in increment of bacterial cell counts in CJM, showing the supplementing effect of the lacking nutrients. 29032647 4 58 theme powder 770:775 arg1 addition 752:759 addition 752:759 addition of shell powder 752:775 Furthermore, addition of shell powder gave a protective effect on bacterial cells by preventing pH decline and organic acid accumulation in CJM, resulting in a 2-fold increase of bacterial counts. 29032647 4 59 theme protective 784:793 arg1 effect 795:800 a protective effect 782:800 a protective effect on bacterial cells 782:819 Furthermore, addition of shell powder gave a protective effect on bacterial cells by preventing pH decline and organic acid accumulation in CJM, resulting in a 2-fold increase of bacterial counts. 29032647 2 60 theme pasteurization 322:335 arg1 optimization 283:294 process optimization 275:294 process optimization of cabbage extraction and pasteurization 275:335 In this study, an efficient and economical cabbage juice medium (CJM) was developed by process optimization of cabbage extraction and pasteurization and by compositional supplementation of various lacking nutrients. 29032647 3 61 theme soy 613:615 arg1 peptone 617:623 soy peptone 613:623 soy peptone 613:623 The pasteurized cabbage juice was determined to be a good medium candidate to cultivate L. mesenteroides, showing maximal cell numbers (9.85 × 10⁸CFU/ml) after 24 h. Addition of sucrose and yeast extract with soy peptone resulted in increment of bacterial cell counts in CJM, showing the supplementing effect of the lacking nutrients. 29032647 3 62 theme L. 492:493 arg1 mesenteroides 495:507 L. mesenteroides 492:507 L. mesenteroides 492:507 The pasteurized cabbage juice was determined to be a good medium candidate to cultivate L. mesenteroides, showing maximal cell numbers (9.85 × 10⁸CFU/ml) after 24 h. Addition of sucrose and yeast extract with soy peptone resulted in increment of bacterial cell counts in CJM, showing the supplementing effect of the lacking nutrients. 29032647 0 63 theme Leuconostoc 65:75 arg1 mesenteroides 77:89 Leuconostoc mesenteroides 65:89 Leuconostoc mesenteroides 65:89 Development of Cabbage Juice Medium for Industrial Production of Leuconostoc mesenteroides Starter. 29032647 3 64 theme bacterial 650:658 arg1 counts 665:670 bacterial cell counts 650:670 bacterial cell counts 650:670 The pasteurized cabbage juice was determined to be a good medium candidate to cultivate L. mesenteroides, showing maximal cell numbers (9.85 × 10⁸CFU/ml) after 24 h. Addition of sucrose and yeast extract with soy peptone resulted in increment of bacterial cell counts in CJM, showing the supplementing effect of the lacking nutrients. 29032647 3 65 theme yeast 594:598 arg1 extract 600:606 yeast extract 594:606 yeast extract 594:606 The pasteurized cabbage juice was determined to be a good medium candidate to cultivate L. mesenteroides, showing maximal cell numbers (9.85 × 10⁸CFU/ml) after 24 h. Addition of sucrose and yeast extract with soy peptone resulted in increment of bacterial cell counts in CJM, showing the supplementing effect of the lacking nutrients. 29032647 5 66 theme ark 1092:1094 arg1 powder 1102:1107 ark shell powder 1092:1107 ark shell powder 1092:1107 The optimized composition of CJM was 70% cabbage juice diluted with water, 0.5% (w/v) sucrose, 1% (w/v) yeast extract, 1% (w/v) soy peptone, and 1.5% (w/v) ark shell powder. 29032647 2 67 theme various 377:383 arg1 nutrients 393:401 various lacking nutrients 377:401 various lacking nutrients 377:401 In this study, an efficient and economical cabbage juice medium (CJM) was developed by process optimization of cabbage extraction and pasteurization and by compositional supplementation of various lacking nutrients. 29032647 3 68 theme cell 660:663 arg1 counts 665:670 bacterial cell counts 650:670 bacterial cell counts 650:670 The pasteurized cabbage juice was determined to be a good medium candidate to cultivate L. mesenteroides, showing maximal cell numbers (9.85 × 10⁸CFU/ml) after 24 h. Addition of sucrose and yeast extract with soy peptone resulted in increment of bacterial cell counts in CJM, showing the supplementing effect of the lacking nutrients. 29032647 3 69 theme × 545:545 arg1 10⁸CFU/ml 547:555 9.85 × 10⁸CFU/ml 540:555 9.85 × 10⁸CFU/ml 540:555 The pasteurized cabbage juice was determined to be a good medium candidate to cultivate L. mesenteroides, showing maximal cell numbers (9.85 × 10⁸CFU/ml) after 24 h. Addition of sucrose and yeast extract with soy peptone resulted in increment of bacterial cell counts in CJM, showing the supplementing effect of the lacking nutrients. 29032647 3 69 theme × 545:545 arg1 numbers 531:537 maximal cell numbers 518:537 maximal cell numbers (9.85 × 10⁸CFU/ml) 518:556 The pasteurized cabbage juice was determined to be a good medium candidate to cultivate L. mesenteroides, showing maximal cell numbers (9.85 × 10⁸CFU/ml) after 24 h. Addition of sucrose and yeast extract with soy peptone resulted in increment of bacterial cell counts in CJM, showing the supplementing effect of the lacking nutrients. 29032647 0 70 theme Cabbage 15:21 arg1 Medium 29:34 Cabbage Juice Medium 15:34 Cabbage Juice Medium 15:34 Development of Cabbage Juice Medium for Industrial Production of Leuconostoc mesenteroides Starter. 29032647 4 71 theme bacterial 918:926 arg1 counts 928:933 bacterial counts 918:933 bacterial counts 918:933 Furthermore, addition of shell powder gave a protective effect on bacterial cells by preventing pH decline and organic acid accumulation in CJM, resulting in a 2-fold increase of bacterial counts. 29032647 4 72 from decline 838:844 arg1 CJM 879:881 CJM 879:881 CJM 879:881 Furthermore, addition of shell powder gave a protective effect on bacterial cells by preventing pH decline and organic acid accumulation in CJM, resulting in a 2-fold increase of bacterial counts. 29032647 6 73 theme bacterial 1182:1190 arg1 counts 1192:1197 bacterial counts 1182:1197 bacterial counts 1182:1197 The CJM developed in this study was able to yield a comparable level of bacterial counts with MRS medium and reduced the cost by almost 10-fold. 28623924 0 0 theme simulated 92:100 arg1 fluids 130:135 simulated porcine gastric and enteric fluids 92:135 simulated porcine gastric and enteric fluids 92:135 In vitro physiological and antibacterial characterization of ZnO nanoparticle composites in simulated porcine gastric and enteric fluids. 28623924 2 1 theme CH/SA 448:452 arg1 complex 455:461 a chitosan/alginate (CH/SA) complex 427:461 a chitosan/alginate (CH/SA) complex 427:461 The aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical properties of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized and immobilized on a chitosan/alginate (CH/SA) complex and investigate the antimicrobial activity and in vitro release profile of zinc (Zn2+) from these new compounds. 28623924 4 2 theme atomic 854:859 arg1 spectrophotometry 872:888 atomic absorption spectrophotometry 854:888 atomic absorption spectrophotometry 854:888 The structure and morphology of the composites were analyzed by characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, atomic absorption spectrophotometry and scanning electron microscopy. 28623924 7 3 theme in 1462:1463 arg1 assays 1471:1476 the in vitro assays 1458:1476 the in vitro assays 1458:1476 CONCLUSIONS The results described herein suggest that the novel nano composites may work as an alternative product for pig feeding as verified by the in vitro assays, and may also contribute to lower the zinc released in the environment by fecal excretion in animals waste. 28623924 5 4 theme commercial-zinc 1162:1176 arg1 oxide 1178:1182 the unprotected commercial-zinc oxide 1146:1182 the unprotected commercial-zinc oxide 1146:1182 RESULTS The crystallite size of ZnO nano was 17 nm and the novel ZnO composites were effective in protecting ZnO in simulated gastric fluid, where Zn2+ reached a concentration six-fold higher than the levels obtained with the unprotected commercial-zinc oxide. 28623924 1 5 theme sickness 295:302 arg1 control 279:285 the control 275:285 the control of this sickness 275:302 BACKGROUND Diarrhea in piglets is one of the main causes of animal death after weaning; zinc oxide (ZnO) has been used in high doses for the control of this sickness. 28623924 4 6 theme FTIR 807:810 arg1 spectroscopy 812:823 FTIR spectroscopy 807:823 FTIR spectroscopy 807:823 The structure and morphology of the composites were analyzed by characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, atomic absorption spectrophotometry and scanning electron microscopy. 28623924 4 7 dep structure 695:703 arg1 The 691:693 The 691:693 The 691:693 The structure and morphology of the composites were analyzed by characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, atomic absorption spectrophotometry and scanning electron microscopy. 28623924 0 8 theme gastric 110:116 arg1 fluids 130:135 simulated porcine gastric and enteric fluids 92:135 simulated porcine gastric and enteric fluids 92:135 In vitro physiological and antibacterial characterization of ZnO nanoparticle composites in simulated porcine gastric and enteric fluids. 28623924 4 9 theme thermogravimetric 826:842 arg1 analysis 844:851 thermogravimetric analysis 826:851 thermogravimetric analysis 826:851 The structure and morphology of the composites were analyzed by characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, atomic absorption spectrophotometry and scanning electron microscopy. 28623924 7 10 theme novel 1370:1374 arg1 composites 1381:1390 the novel nano composites 1366:1390 the novel nano composites 1366:1390 CONCLUSIONS The results described herein suggest that the novel nano composites may work as an alternative product for pig feeding as verified by the in vitro assays, and may also contribute to lower the zinc released in the environment by fecal excretion in animals waste. 28623924 5 11 theme crystallite 936:946 arg1 17 nm 969:973 17 nm 969:973 17 nm 969:973 RESULTS The crystallite size of ZnO nano was 17 nm and the novel ZnO composites were effective in protecting ZnO in simulated gastric fluid, where Zn2+ reached a concentration six-fold higher than the levels obtained with the unprotected commercial-zinc oxide. 28623924 5 11 theme crystallite 936:946 arg1 size 948:951 The crystallite size 932:951 The crystallite size of ZnO nano 932:963 RESULTS The crystallite size of ZnO nano was 17 nm and the novel ZnO composites were effective in protecting ZnO in simulated gastric fluid, where Zn2+ reached a concentration six-fold higher than the levels obtained with the unprotected commercial-zinc oxide. 28623924 0 12 theme porcine 102:108 arg1 fluids 130:135 simulated porcine gastric and enteric fluids 92:135 simulated porcine gastric and enteric fluids 92:135 In vitro physiological and antibacterial characterization of ZnO nanoparticle composites in simulated porcine gastric and enteric fluids. 28623924 7 13 dep in 1462:1463 arg1 vitro 1465:1469 vitro 1465:1469 vitro 1465:1469 CONCLUSIONS The results described herein suggest that the novel nano composites may work as an alternative product for pig feeding as verified by the in vitro assays, and may also contribute to lower the zinc released in the environment by fecal excretion in animals waste. 28623924 0 14 theme enteric 122:128 arg1 fluids 130:135 simulated porcine gastric and enteric fluids 92:135 simulated porcine gastric and enteric fluids 92:135 In vitro physiological and antibacterial characterization of ZnO nanoparticle composites in simulated porcine gastric and enteric fluids. 28623924 2 15 dep nanoparticles 382:394 arg1 synthesized 396:406 synthesized 396:406 synthesized 396:406 The aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical properties of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized and immobilized on a chitosan/alginate (CH/SA) complex and investigate the antimicrobial activity and in vitro release profile of zinc (Zn2+) from these new compounds. 28623924 2 15 dep nanoparticles 382:394 arg1 immobilized 412:422 immobilized 412:422 immobilized on a chitosan/alginate (CH/SA) complex 412:461 The aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical properties of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized and immobilized on a chitosan/alginate (CH/SA) complex and investigate the antimicrobial activity and in vitro release profile of zinc (Zn2+) from these new compounds. 28623924 7 16 theme fecal 1552:1556 arg1 excretion 1558:1566 fecal excretion 1552:1566 fecal excretion in animals waste 1552:1583 CONCLUSIONS The results described herein suggest that the novel nano composites may work as an alternative product for pig feeding as verified by the in vitro assays, and may also contribute to lower the zinc released in the environment by fecal excretion in animals waste. 28623924 5 17 theme gastric 1050:1056 arg1 fluid 1058:1062 simulated gastric fluid 1040:1062 simulated gastric fluid 1040:1062 RESULTS The crystallite size of ZnO nano was 17 nm and the novel ZnO composites were effective in protecting ZnO in simulated gastric fluid, where Zn2+ reached a concentration six-fold higher than the levels obtained with the unprotected commercial-zinc oxide. 28623924 2 18 dep in 510:511 arg1 vitro 513:517 vitro 513:517 vitro 513:517 The aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical properties of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized and immobilized on a chitosan/alginate (CH/SA) complex and investigate the antimicrobial activity and in vitro release profile of zinc (Zn2+) from these new compounds. 28623924 0 19 from characterization 41:56 arg1 fluids 130:135 simulated porcine gastric and enteric fluids 92:135 simulated porcine gastric and enteric fluids 92:135 In vitro physiological and antibacterial characterization of ZnO nanoparticle composites in simulated porcine gastric and enteric fluids. 28623924 6 20 theme effective 1227:1235 arg1 activity 1251:1258 effective antimicrobial activity 1227:1258 effective antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus 1227:1309 In addition, the novel composites suggest effective antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. 28623924 5 21 theme ZnO 956:958 arg1 nano 960:963 ZnO nano 956:963 ZnO nano 956:963 RESULTS The crystallite size of ZnO nano was 17 nm and the novel ZnO composites were effective in protecting ZnO in simulated gastric fluid, where Zn2+ reached a concentration six-fold higher than the levels obtained with the unprotected commercial-zinc oxide. 28623924 5 22 from ZnO 1033:1035 arg1 fluid 1058:1062 simulated gastric fluid 1040:1062 simulated gastric fluid 1040:1062 RESULTS The crystallite size of ZnO nano was 17 nm and the novel ZnO composites were effective in protecting ZnO in simulated gastric fluid, where Zn2+ reached a concentration six-fold higher than the levels obtained with the unprotected commercial-zinc oxide. 28623924 3 23 theme sodium 660:665 arg1 tripolyphosphate 667:682 sodium tripolyphosphate 660:682 sodium tripolyphosphate 660:682 The ZnO nanoparticles composites were prepared and combined with CH/SA or CH/SA and sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP). 28623924 2 24 theme new 561:563 arg1 compounds 565:573 these new compounds 555:573 these new compounds 555:573 The aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical properties of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized and immobilized on a chitosan/alginate (CH/SA) complex and investigate the antimicrobial activity and in vitro release profile of zinc (Zn2+) from these new compounds. 28623924 1 25 from Diarrhea 149:156 arg1 piglets 161:167 piglets 161:167 piglets 161:167 BACKGROUND Diarrhea in piglets is one of the main causes of animal death after weaning; zinc oxide (ZnO) has been used in high doses for the control of this sickness. 28623924 1 26 theme main 183:186 arg1 causes 188:193 the main causes 179:193 the main causes of animal death after weaning 179:223 BACKGROUND Diarrhea in piglets is one of the main causes of animal death after weaning; zinc oxide (ZnO) has been used in high doses for the control of this sickness. 28623924 0 27 theme In 0:1 arg1 characterization 41:56 In vitro physiological and antibacterial characterization 0:56 In vitro physiological and antibacterial characterization of ZnO nanoparticle composites in simulated porcine gastric and enteric fluids. 0:136 In vitro physiological and antibacterial characterization of ZnO nanoparticle composites in simulated porcine gastric and enteric fluids. 28623924 6 28 theme antimicrobial 1237:1249 arg1 activity 1251:1258 effective antimicrobial activity 1227:1258 effective antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus 1227:1309 In addition, the novel composites suggest effective antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. 28623924 4 29 theme X-ray 788:792 arg1 diffraction 794:804 X-ray diffraction 788:804 X-ray diffraction 788:804 The structure and morphology of the composites were analyzed by characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, atomic absorption spectrophotometry and scanning electron microscopy. 28623924 1 30 theme causes 188:193 arg1 causes 188:193 the main causes 179:193 the main causes of animal death after weaning 179:223 BACKGROUND Diarrhea in piglets is one of the main causes of animal death after weaning; zinc oxide (ZnO) has been used in high doses for the control of this sickness. 28623924 1 30 theme causes 188:193 arg1 one 172:174 one 172:174 one 172:174 BACKGROUND Diarrhea in piglets is one of the main causes of animal death after weaning; zinc oxide (ZnO) has been used in high doses for the control of this sickness. 28623924 2 31 theme nanoparticles 382:394 arg1 properties 364:373 the physicochemical properties 344:373 the physicochemical properties of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized and immobilized on a chitosan/alginate (CH/SA) complex 344:461 The aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical properties of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized and immobilized on a chitosan/alginate (CH/SA) complex and investigate the antimicrobial activity and in vitro release profile of zinc (Zn2+) from these new compounds. 28623924 7 32 theme alternative 1407:1417 arg1 product 1419:1425 an alternative product 1404:1425 an alternative product for pig feeding 1404:1441 CONCLUSIONS The results described herein suggest that the novel nano composites may work as an alternative product for pig feeding as verified by the in vitro assays, and may also contribute to lower the zinc released in the environment by fecal excretion in animals waste. 28623924 6 33 theme novel 1202:1206 arg1 composites 1208:1217 the novel composites 1198:1217 the novel composites 1198:1217 In addition, the novel composites suggest effective antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. 28623924 0 34 theme physiological 9:21 arg1 characterization 41:56 In vitro physiological and antibacterial characterization 0:56 In vitro physiological and antibacterial characterization of ZnO nanoparticle composites in simulated porcine gastric and enteric fluids. 0:136 In vitro physiological and antibacterial characterization of ZnO nanoparticle composites in simulated porcine gastric and enteric fluids. 28623924 2 35 theme in 510:511 arg1 profile 527:533 in vitro release profile 510:533 in vitro release profile 510:533 The aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical properties of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized and immobilized on a chitosan/alginate (CH/SA) complex and investigate the antimicrobial activity and in vitro release profile of zinc (Zn2+) from these new compounds. 28623924 3 36 theme nanoparticles 584:596 arg1 composites 598:607 The ZnO nanoparticles composites 576:607 The ZnO nanoparticles composites 576:607 The ZnO nanoparticles composites were prepared and combined with CH/SA or CH/SA and sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP). 28623924 1 37 theme animal 198:203 arg1 death 205:209 animal death 198:209 animal death after weaning 198:223 BACKGROUND Diarrhea in piglets is one of the main causes of animal death after weaning; zinc oxide (ZnO) has been used in high doses for the control of this sickness. 28623924 2 38 theme chitosan/alginate 429:445 arg1 complex 455:461 a chitosan/alginate (CH/SA) complex 427:461 a chitosan/alginate (CH/SA) complex 427:461 The aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical properties of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized and immobilized on a chitosan/alginate (CH/SA) complex and investigate the antimicrobial activity and in vitro release profile of zinc (Zn2+) from these new compounds. 28623924 1 39 theme high 260:263 arg1 doses 265:269 high doses 260:269 high doses for the control of this sickness 260:302 BACKGROUND Diarrhea in piglets is one of the main causes of animal death after weaning; zinc oxide (ZnO) has been used in high doses for the control of this sickness. 28623924 4 40 theme electron 903:910 arg1 microscopy 912:921 scanning electron microscopy 894:921 scanning electron microscopy 894:921 The structure and morphology of the composites were analyzed by characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, atomic absorption spectrophotometry and scanning electron microscopy. 28623924 2 41 theme physicochemical 348:362 arg1 properties 364:373 the physicochemical properties 344:373 the physicochemical properties of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized and immobilized on a chitosan/alginate (CH/SA) complex 344:461 The aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical properties of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized and immobilized on a chitosan/alginate (CH/SA) complex and investigate the antimicrobial activity and in vitro release profile of zinc (Zn2+) from these new compounds. 28623924 4 42 theme characterization 755:770 arg1 diffraction 794:804 X-ray diffraction 788:804 X-ray diffraction 788:804 The structure and morphology of the composites were analyzed by characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, atomic absorption spectrophotometry and scanning electron microscopy. 28623924 4 42 theme characterization 755:770 arg1 analysis 844:851 thermogravimetric analysis 826:851 thermogravimetric analysis 826:851 The structure and morphology of the composites were analyzed by characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, atomic absorption spectrophotometry and scanning electron microscopy. 28623924 4 42 theme characterization 755:770 arg1 microscopy 912:921 scanning electron microscopy 894:921 scanning electron microscopy 894:921 The structure and morphology of the composites were analyzed by characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, atomic absorption spectrophotometry and scanning electron microscopy. 28623924 4 42 theme characterization 755:770 arg1 methods 772:778 characterization methods 755:778 characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, atomic absorption spectrophotometry and scanning electron microscopy 755:921 The structure and morphology of the composites were analyzed by characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, atomic absorption spectrophotometry and scanning electron microscopy. 28623924 4 42 theme characterization 755:770 arg1 spectroscopy 812:823 FTIR spectroscopy 807:823 FTIR spectroscopy 807:823 The structure and morphology of the composites were analyzed by characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, atomic absorption spectrophotometry and scanning electron microscopy. 28623924 4 42 theme characterization 755:770 arg1 spectrophotometry 872:888 atomic absorption spectrophotometry 854:888 atomic absorption spectrophotometry 854:888 The structure and morphology of the composites were analyzed by characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, atomic absorption spectrophotometry and scanning electron microscopy. 28623924 2 43 theme study 321:325 arg1 aim 309:311 The aim 305:311 The aim of this study 305:325 The aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical properties of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized and immobilized on a chitosan/alginate (CH/SA) complex and investigate the antimicrobial activity and in vitro release profile of zinc (Zn2+) from these new compounds. 28623924 1 44 theme death 205:209 arg1 causes 188:193 the main causes 179:193 the main causes of animal death after weaning 179:223 BACKGROUND Diarrhea in piglets is one of the main causes of animal death after weaning; zinc oxide (ZnO) has been used in high doses for the control of this sickness. 28623924 0 45 theme antibacterial 27:39 arg1 characterization 41:56 In vitro physiological and antibacterial characterization 0:56 In vitro physiological and antibacterial characterization of ZnO nanoparticle composites in simulated porcine gastric and enteric fluids. 0:136 In vitro physiological and antibacterial characterization of ZnO nanoparticle composites in simulated porcine gastric and enteric fluids. 28623924 5 46 theme higher 1109:1114 arg1 concentration 1086:1098 a concentration 1084:1098 a concentration six-fold higher 1084:1114 RESULTS The crystallite size of ZnO nano was 17 nm and the novel ZnO composites were effective in protecting ZnO in simulated gastric fluid, where Zn2+ reached a concentration six-fold higher than the levels obtained with the unprotected commercial-zinc oxide. 28623924 4 47 theme scanning 894:901 arg1 microscopy 912:921 scanning electron microscopy 894:921 scanning electron microscopy 894:921 The structure and morphology of the composites were analyzed by characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, atomic absorption spectrophotometry and scanning electron microscopy. 28623924 0 48 from composites 78:87 arg1 fluids 130:135 simulated porcine gastric and enteric fluids 92:135 simulated porcine gastric and enteric fluids 92:135 In vitro physiological and antibacterial characterization of ZnO nanoparticle composites in simulated porcine gastric and enteric fluids. 28623924 5 49 theme novel 983:987 arg1 effective 1009:1017 effective 1009:1017 effective 1009:1017 RESULTS The crystallite size of ZnO nano was 17 nm and the novel ZnO composites were effective in protecting ZnO in simulated gastric fluid, where Zn2+ reached a concentration six-fold higher than the levels obtained with the unprotected commercial-zinc oxide. 28623924 5 49 theme novel 983:987 arg1 composites 993:1002 the novel ZnO composites 979:1002 the novel ZnO composites 979:1002 RESULTS The crystallite size of ZnO nano was 17 nm and the novel ZnO composites were effective in protecting ZnO in simulated gastric fluid, where Zn2+ reached a concentration six-fold higher than the levels obtained with the unprotected commercial-zinc oxide. 28623924 5 50 theme unprotected 1150:1160 arg1 oxide 1178:1182 the unprotected commercial-zinc oxide 1146:1182 the unprotected commercial-zinc oxide 1146:1182 RESULTS The crystallite size of ZnO nano was 17 nm and the novel ZnO composites were effective in protecting ZnO in simulated gastric fluid, where Zn2+ reached a concentration six-fold higher than the levels obtained with the unprotected commercial-zinc oxide. 28623924 0 51 theme ZnO 61:63 arg1 composites 78:87 ZnO nanoparticle composites 61:87 ZnO nanoparticle composites in simulated porcine gastric and enteric fluids 61:135 In vitro physiological and antibacterial characterization of ZnO nanoparticle composites in simulated porcine gastric and enteric fluids. 28623924 2 52 theme antimicrobial 483:495 arg1 activity 497:504 antimicrobial activity 483:504 antimicrobial activity 483:504 The aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical properties of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized and immobilized on a chitosan/alginate (CH/SA) complex and investigate the antimicrobial activity and in vitro release profile of zinc (Zn2+) from these new compounds. 28623924 2 53 theme zinc 538:541 arg1 profile 527:533 in vitro release profile 510:533 in vitro release profile 510:533 The aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical properties of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized and immobilized on a chitosan/alginate (CH/SA) complex and investigate the antimicrobial activity and in vitro release profile of zinc (Zn2+) from these new compounds. 28623924 2 53 theme zinc 538:541 arg1 activity 497:504 antimicrobial activity 483:504 antimicrobial activity 483:504 The aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical properties of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized and immobilized on a chitosan/alginate (CH/SA) complex and investigate the antimicrobial activity and in vitro release profile of zinc (Zn2+) from these new compounds. 28623924 3 54 theme ZnO 580:582 arg1 composites 598:607 The ZnO nanoparticles composites 576:607 The ZnO nanoparticles composites 576:607 The ZnO nanoparticles composites were prepared and combined with CH/SA or CH/SA and sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP). 28623924 5 55 theme ZnO 989:991 arg1 effective 1009:1017 effective 1009:1017 effective 1009:1017 RESULTS The crystallite size of ZnO nano was 17 nm and the novel ZnO composites were effective in protecting ZnO in simulated gastric fluid, where Zn2+ reached a concentration six-fold higher than the levels obtained with the unprotected commercial-zinc oxide. 28623924 5 55 theme ZnO 989:991 arg1 composites 993:1002 the novel ZnO composites 979:1002 the novel ZnO composites 979:1002 RESULTS The crystallite size of ZnO nano was 17 nm and the novel ZnO composites were effective in protecting ZnO in simulated gastric fluid, where Zn2+ reached a concentration six-fold higher than the levels obtained with the unprotected commercial-zinc oxide. 28623924 1 56 used used 252:255 arg2 ZnO 238:240 ZnO 238:240 ZnO 238:240 BACKGROUND Diarrhea in piglets is one of the main causes of animal death after weaning; zinc oxide (ZnO) has been used in high doses for the control of this sickness. 28623924 1 56 used used 252:255 arg2 oxide 231:235 zinc oxide 226:235 zinc oxide (ZnO) 226:241 BACKGROUND Diarrhea in piglets is one of the main causes of animal death after weaning; zinc oxide (ZnO) has been used in high doses for the control of this sickness. 28623924 7 57 theme animals 1571:1577 arg1 waste 1579:1583 animals waste 1571:1583 animals waste 1571:1583 CONCLUSIONS The results described herein suggest that the novel nano composites may work as an alternative product for pig feeding as verified by the in vitro assays, and may also contribute to lower the zinc released in the environment by fecal excretion in animals waste. 28623924 7 58 from excretion 1558:1566 arg1 waste 1579:1583 animals waste 1571:1583 animals waste 1571:1583 CONCLUSIONS The results described herein suggest that the novel nano composites may work as an alternative product for pig feeding as verified by the in vitro assays, and may also contribute to lower the zinc released in the environment by fecal excretion in animals waste. 28623924 7 59 theme nano 1376:1379 arg1 composites 1381:1390 the novel nano composites 1366:1390 the novel nano composites 1366:1390 CONCLUSIONS The results described herein suggest that the novel nano composites may work as an alternative product for pig feeding as verified by the in vitro assays, and may also contribute to lower the zinc released in the environment by fecal excretion in animals waste. 28623924 7 60 dep CONCLUSIONS 1312:1322 arg1 suggest 1353:1359 suggest 1353:1359 suggest that the novel nano composites may work as an alternative product for pig feeding as verified by the in vitro assays, and may also contribute to lower the zinc released in the environment by fecal excretion in animals waste 1353:1583 CONCLUSIONS The results described herein suggest that the novel nano composites may work as an alternative product for pig feeding as verified by the in vitro assays, and may also contribute to lower the zinc released in the environment by fecal excretion in animals waste. 28623924 5 61 theme simulated 1040:1048 arg1 fluid 1058:1062 simulated gastric fluid 1040:1062 simulated gastric fluid 1040:1062 RESULTS The crystallite size of ZnO nano was 17 nm and the novel ZnO composites were effective in protecting ZnO in simulated gastric fluid, where Zn2+ reached a concentration six-fold higher than the levels obtained with the unprotected commercial-zinc oxide. 28623924 2 62 from compounds 565:573 arg1 profile 527:533 in vitro release profile 510:533 in vitro release profile 510:533 The aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical properties of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized and immobilized on a chitosan/alginate (CH/SA) complex and investigate the antimicrobial activity and in vitro release profile of zinc (Zn2+) from these new compounds. 28623924 2 62 from compounds 565:573 arg1 activity 497:504 antimicrobial activity 483:504 antimicrobial activity 483:504 The aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical properties of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized and immobilized on a chitosan/alginate (CH/SA) complex and investigate the antimicrobial activity and in vitro release profile of zinc (Zn2+) from these new compounds. 28623924 4 63 theme absorption 861:870 arg1 spectrophotometry 872:888 atomic absorption spectrophotometry 854:888 atomic absorption spectrophotometry 854:888 The structure and morphology of the composites were analyzed by characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, atomic absorption spectrophotometry and scanning electron microscopy. 28623924 5 64 theme nano 960:963 arg1 17 nm 969:973 17 nm 969:973 17 nm 969:973 RESULTS The crystallite size of ZnO nano was 17 nm and the novel ZnO composites were effective in protecting ZnO in simulated gastric fluid, where Zn2+ reached a concentration six-fold higher than the levels obtained with the unprotected commercial-zinc oxide. 28623924 5 64 theme nano 960:963 arg1 size 948:951 The crystallite size 932:951 The crystallite size of ZnO nano 932:963 RESULTS The crystallite size of ZnO nano was 17 nm and the novel ZnO composites were effective in protecting ZnO in simulated gastric fluid, where Zn2+ reached a concentration six-fold higher than the levels obtained with the unprotected commercial-zinc oxide. 28623924 4 65 theme composites 727:736 arg1 morphology 709:718 morphology 709:718 morphology 709:718 The structure and morphology of the composites were analyzed by characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, atomic absorption spectrophotometry and scanning electron microscopy. 28623924 4 65 theme composites 727:736 arg1 structure 695:703 structure 695:703 structure 695:703 The structure and morphology of the composites were analyzed by characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, atomic absorption spectrophotometry and scanning electron microscopy. 28623924 1 66 theme BACKGROUND 138:147 arg1 Diarrhea 149:156 BACKGROUND Diarrhea 138:156 BACKGROUND Diarrhea in piglets 138:167 BACKGROUND Diarrhea in piglets is one of the main causes of animal death after weaning; zinc oxide (ZnO) has been used in high doses for the control of this sickness. 28623924 2 67 theme release 519:525 arg1 profile 527:533 in vitro release profile 510:533 in vitro release profile 510:533 The aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical properties of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized and immobilized on a chitosan/alginate (CH/SA) complex and investigate the antimicrobial activity and in vitro release profile of zinc (Zn2+) from these new compounds. 28623924 7 68 theme pig 1431:1433 arg1 feeding 1435:1441 pig feeding 1431:1441 pig feeding 1431:1441 CONCLUSIONS The results described herein suggest that the novel nano composites may work as an alternative product for pig feeding as verified by the in vitro assays, and may also contribute to lower the zinc released in the environment by fecal excretion in animals waste. 28623924 0 69 theme composites 78:87 arg1 characterization 41:56 In vitro physiological and antibacterial characterization 0:56 In vitro physiological and antibacterial characterization of ZnO nanoparticle composites in simulated porcine gastric and enteric fluids. 0:136 In vitro physiological and antibacterial characterization of ZnO nanoparticle composites in simulated porcine gastric and enteric fluids. 28623924 2 70 dep activity 497:504 arg1 the 479:481 the 479:481 the 479:481 The aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical properties of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized and immobilized on a chitosan/alginate (CH/SA) complex and investigate the antimicrobial activity and in vitro release profile of zinc (Zn2+) from these new compounds. 28623924 2 71 theme ZnO 378:380 arg1 nanoparticles 382:394 ZnO nanoparticles 378:394 ZnO nanoparticles synthesized and immobilized on a chitosan/alginate (CH/SA) complex 378:461 The aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical properties of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized and immobilized on a chitosan/alginate (CH/SA) complex and investigate the antimicrobial activity and in vitro release profile of zinc (Zn2+) from these new compounds. 28623924 5 72 dep RESULTS 924:930 arg1 17 nm 969:973 17 nm 969:973 17 nm 969:973 RESULTS The crystallite size of ZnO nano was 17 nm and the novel ZnO composites were effective in protecting ZnO in simulated gastric fluid, where Zn2+ reached a concentration six-fold higher than the levels obtained with the unprotected commercial-zinc oxide. 28623924 5 72 dep RESULTS 924:930 arg1 size 948:951 The crystallite size 932:951 The crystallite size of ZnO nano 932:963 RESULTS The crystallite size of ZnO nano was 17 nm and the novel ZnO composites were effective in protecting ZnO in simulated gastric fluid, where Zn2+ reached a concentration six-fold higher than the levels obtained with the unprotected commercial-zinc oxide. 28623924 5 72 dep RESULTS 924:930 arg1 effective 1009:1017 effective 1009:1017 effective 1009:1017 RESULTS The crystallite size of ZnO nano was 17 nm and the novel ZnO composites were effective in protecting ZnO in simulated gastric fluid, where Zn2+ reached a concentration six-fold higher than the levels obtained with the unprotected commercial-zinc oxide. 28623924 5 72 dep RESULTS 924:930 arg1 composites 993:1002 the novel ZnO composites 979:1002 the novel ZnO composites 979:1002 RESULTS The crystallite size of ZnO nano was 17 nm and the novel ZnO composites were effective in protecting ZnO in simulated gastric fluid, where Zn2+ reached a concentration six-fold higher than the levels obtained with the unprotected commercial-zinc oxide. 28623924 1 73 theme zinc 226:229 arg1 ZnO 238:240 ZnO 238:240 ZnO 238:240 BACKGROUND Diarrhea in piglets is one of the main causes of animal death after weaning; zinc oxide (ZnO) has been used in high doses for the control of this sickness. 28623924 1 73 theme zinc 226:229 arg1 oxide 231:235 zinc oxide 226:235 zinc oxide (ZnO) 226:241 BACKGROUND Diarrhea in piglets is one of the main causes of animal death after weaning; zinc oxide (ZnO) has been used in high doses for the control of this sickness. 28623924 0 74 theme nanoparticle 65:76 arg1 composites 78:87 ZnO nanoparticle composites 61:87 ZnO nanoparticle composites in simulated porcine gastric and enteric fluids 61:135 In vitro physiological and antibacterial characterization of ZnO nanoparticle composites in simulated porcine gastric and enteric fluids. 28623924 0 75 dep In 0:1 arg1 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 In vitro physiological and antibacterial characterization of ZnO nanoparticle composites in simulated porcine gastric and enteric fluids. 28623924 0 76 from fluids 130:135 arg1 characterization 41:56 In vitro physiological and antibacterial characterization 0:56 In vitro physiological and antibacterial characterization of ZnO nanoparticle composites in simulated porcine gastric and enteric fluids. 0:136 In vitro physiological and antibacterial characterization of ZnO nanoparticle composites in simulated porcine gastric and enteric fluids. 27380096 9 0 theme monitoring 1437:1446 arg1 formulation 1382:1392 The current formulation 1370:1392 The current formulation of Petrifilm-YM 1370:1408 The current formulation of Petrifilm-YM is unlikely to be a useful monitoring method for plant pathogens in irrigation water because of the inability to successfully culture oomycetes. 27380096 9 0 theme monitoring 1437:1446 arg1 unlikely 1413:1420 unlikely 1413:1420 unlikely 1413:1420 The current formulation of Petrifilm-YM is unlikely to be a useful monitoring method for plant pathogens in irrigation water because of the inability to successfully culture oomycetes. 27380096 9 0 theme monitoring 1437:1446 arg1 method 1448:1453 a useful monitoring method 1428:1453 a useful monitoring method for plant pathogens 1428:1473 The current formulation of Petrifilm-YM is unlikely to be a useful monitoring method for plant pathogens in irrigation water because of the inability to successfully culture oomycetes. 27380096 0 1 theme Horticulture 63:74 arg1 Irrigation 76:85 Horticulture Irrigation 63:85 Horticulture Irrigation 63:85 Use of Dehydrated Agar to Estimate Microbial Water Quality for Horticulture Irrigation. 27380096 2 2 theme irrigation 312:321 arg1 systems 323:329 irrigation systems 312:329 irrigation systems 312:329 Microbes in irrigation systems can indicate biofilm risk and potential clogging of irrigation emitters. 27380096 4 3 from sample 667:672 arg1 count 735:739 the count 731:739 the count quantified using sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol after 14 d 731:818 The estimated count (in CFU mL) from a recirculated irrigation sample after 7 d of incubation on Petrifilm-YM was only 5.5% of the count quantified using sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol after 14 d. 27380096 4 3 from sample 667:672 arg1 % 726:726 only 5.5% 718:726 only 5.5% of the count quantified using sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol after 14 d 718:818 The estimated count (in CFU mL) from a recirculated irrigation sample after 7 d of incubation on Petrifilm-YM was only 5.5% of the count quantified using sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol after 14 d. 27380096 4 3 from sample 667:672 arg1 count 618:622 The estimated count 604:622 The estimated count (in CFU mL) from a recirculated irrigation sample after 7 d of incubation on Petrifilm-YM 604:712 The estimated count (in CFU mL) from a recirculated irrigation sample after 7 d of incubation on Petrifilm-YM was only 5.5% of the count quantified using sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol after 14 d. 27380096 6 4 theme zoospores 944:952 arg1 Isolates 925:932 Isolates 925:932 Isolates of viable zoospores 925:952 Isolates of viable zoospores were cultured successfully on potato-dextrose agar (PDA), with comparable counts with a vegetable juice medium supplemented with the antibiotics pimaricin, ampicillin, rifamycin, pentochloronitrobenzene and hymexazol (PARP-H). 27380096 4 5 theme estimated 608:616 arg1 count 735:739 the count 731:739 the count quantified using sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol after 14 d 731:818 The estimated count (in CFU mL) from a recirculated irrigation sample after 7 d of incubation on Petrifilm-YM was only 5.5% of the count quantified using sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol after 14 d. 27380096 4 5 theme estimated 608:616 arg1 % 726:726 only 5.5% 718:726 only 5.5% of the count quantified using sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol after 14 d 718:818 The estimated count (in CFU mL) from a recirculated irrigation sample after 7 d of incubation on Petrifilm-YM was only 5.5% of the count quantified using sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol after 14 d. 27380096 4 5 theme estimated 608:616 arg1 count 618:622 The estimated count 604:622 The estimated count (in CFU mL) from a recirculated irrigation sample after 7 d of incubation on Petrifilm-YM 604:712 The estimated count (in CFU mL) from a recirculated irrigation sample after 7 d of incubation on Petrifilm-YM was only 5.5% of the count quantified using sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol after 14 d. 27380096 8 6 dep significantly 1243:1255 arg1 not 1239:1241 not 1239:1241 not 1239:1241 Begoniaceae on Petrifilm-AC was not significantly different ( < 0.05) than on PDA, but was lower than on Reasoner and Goldrich agar (R2A) or with a hemocytometer. 27380096 9 7 from method 1448:1453 arg1 water 1489:1493 irrigation water 1478:1493 irrigation water 1478:1493 The current formulation of Petrifilm-YM is unlikely to be a useful monitoring method for plant pathogens in irrigation water because of the inability to successfully culture oomycetes. 27380096 10 8 theme easy-to-use 1641:1651 arg1 tool 1661:1664 an easy-to-use on-farm tool 1638:1664 an easy-to-use on-farm tool to monitor biofilm risk and microbial density 1638:1710 However, Petrifilm-AC was an effective method to quantify bacteria and can provide an easy-to-use on-farm tool to monitor biofilm risk and microbial density. 27380096 5 9 theme culture 902:908 arg1 zoospores 910:918 culture zoospores 902:918 culture zoospores of 902:921 In a separate experiment with a known species, Petrifilm-YM did not successfully culture zoospores of . 27380096 6 10 theme viable 937:942 arg1 zoospores 944:952 viable zoospores 937:952 viable zoospores 937:952 Isolates of viable zoospores were cultured successfully on potato-dextrose agar (PDA), with comparable counts with a vegetable juice medium supplemented with the antibiotics pimaricin, ampicillin, rifamycin, pentochloronitrobenzene and hymexazol (PARP-H). 27380096 3 11 theme recirculated 533:544 arg1 waters 557:562 recirculated irrigation waters 533:562 recirculated irrigation waters 533:562 The research objective was to compare counts on Petrifilms versus traditional, hydrated-agar plates using samples collected from recirculated irrigation waters and cultures of isolated known species. 27380096 7 12 theme pv 1203:1204 arg1 quantification 1185:1198 The quantification 1181:1198 The quantification of pv. 1181:1205 The quantification of pv. 27380096 1 13 used used 149:152 arg2 Petrifilms 88:97 Petrifilms 88:97 Petrifilms 88:97 Petrifilms are dehydrated agar culture plates that have been used to quantify colony forming units (CFU) mL of either aerobic bacteria (Petrifilm-AC) or fungus (Petrifilm-YM), depending on substrate composition. 27380096 1 13 used used 149:152 arg2 plates 127:132 dehydrated agar culture plates 103:132 dehydrated agar culture plates that have been used to quantify colony forming units (CFU) mL of either aerobic bacteria (Petrifilm-AC) or fungus (Petrifilm-YM), depending on substrate composition 103:297 Petrifilms are dehydrated agar culture plates that have been used to quantify colony forming units (CFU) mL of either aerobic bacteria (Petrifilm-AC) or fungus (Petrifilm-YM), depending on substrate composition. 27380096 5 14 with experiment 835:844 arg1 species 859:865 a known species 851:865 a known species 851:865 In a separate experiment with a known species, Petrifilm-YM did not successfully culture zoospores of . 27380096 4 15 theme incubation 687:696 arg1 d 682:682 7 d 680:682 7 d of incubation on Petrifilm-YM 680:712 The estimated count (in CFU mL) from a recirculated irrigation sample after 7 d of incubation on Petrifilm-YM was only 5.5% of the count quantified using sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol after 14 d. 27380096 5 16 theme known 853:857 arg1 species 859:865 a known species 851:865 a known species 851:865 In a separate experiment with a known species, Petrifilm-YM did not successfully culture zoospores of . 27380096 2 17 from Microbes 300:307 arg1 systems 323:329 irrigation systems 312:329 irrigation systems 312:329 Microbes in irrigation systems can indicate biofilm risk and potential clogging of irrigation emitters. 27380096 4 18 theme count 735:739 arg1 count 618:622 The estimated count 604:622 The estimated count (in CFU mL) from a recirculated irrigation sample after 7 d of incubation on Petrifilm-YM 604:712 The estimated count (in CFU mL) from a recirculated irrigation sample after 7 d of incubation on Petrifilm-YM was only 5.5% of the count quantified using sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol after 14 d. 27380096 4 18 theme count 735:739 arg1 % 726:726 only 5.5% 718:726 only 5.5% of the count quantified using sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol after 14 d 718:818 The estimated count (in CFU mL) from a recirculated irrigation sample after 7 d of incubation on Petrifilm-YM was only 5.5% of the count quantified using sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol after 14 d. 27380096 4 18 theme count 735:739 arg1 count 735:739 the count 731:739 the count quantified using sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol after 14 d 731:818 The estimated count (in CFU mL) from a recirculated irrigation sample after 7 d of incubation on Petrifilm-YM was only 5.5% of the count quantified using sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol after 14 d. 27380096 4 19 theme recirculated 643:654 arg1 sample 667:672 a recirculated irrigation sample 641:672 a recirculated irrigation sample 641:672 The estimated count (in CFU mL) from a recirculated irrigation sample after 7 d of incubation on Petrifilm-YM was only 5.5% of the count quantified using sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol after 14 d. 27380096 2 20 theme potential 361:369 arg1 clogging 371:378 potential clogging 361:378 potential clogging 361:378 Microbes in irrigation systems can indicate biofilm risk and potential clogging of irrigation emitters. 27380096 1 21 theme colony 166:171 arg1 CFU 188:190 CFU 188:190 CFU 188:190 Petrifilms are dehydrated agar culture plates that have been used to quantify colony forming units (CFU) mL of either aerobic bacteria (Petrifilm-AC) or fungus (Petrifilm-YM), depending on substrate composition. 27380096 1 21 theme colony 166:171 arg1 units 181:185 colony forming units 166:185 colony forming units (CFU) mL of either aerobic bacteria (Petrifilm-AC) or fungus (Petrifilm-YM) 166:261 Petrifilms are dehydrated agar culture plates that have been used to quantify colony forming units (CFU) mL of either aerobic bacteria (Petrifilm-AC) or fungus (Petrifilm-YM), depending on substrate composition. 27380096 8 22 dep lower 1298:1302 arg1 agar 1334:1337 Reasoner and Goldrich agar 1312:1337 Reasoner and Goldrich agar (R2A) 1312:1343 Begoniaceae on Petrifilm-AC was not significantly different ( < 0.05) than on PDA, but was lower than on Reasoner and Goldrich agar (R2A) or with a hemocytometer. 27380096 8 22 dep lower 1298:1302 arg1 hemocytometer 1355:1367 a hemocytometer 1353:1367 a hemocytometer 1353:1367 Begoniaceae on Petrifilm-AC was not significantly different ( < 0.05) than on PDA, but was lower than on Reasoner and Goldrich agar (R2A) or with a hemocytometer. 27380096 8 22 dep lower 1298:1302 arg1 R2A 1340:1342 R2A 1340:1342 R2A 1340:1342 Begoniaceae on Petrifilm-AC was not significantly different ( < 0.05) than on PDA, but was lower than on Reasoner and Goldrich agar (R2A) or with a hemocytometer. 27380096 9 23 theme irrigation 1478:1487 arg1 water 1489:1493 irrigation water 1478:1493 irrigation water 1478:1493 The current formulation of Petrifilm-YM is unlikely to be a useful monitoring method for plant pathogens in irrigation water because of the inability to successfully culture oomycetes. 27380096 1 24 theme forming 173:179 arg1 CFU 188:190 CFU 188:190 CFU 188:190 Petrifilms are dehydrated agar culture plates that have been used to quantify colony forming units (CFU) mL of either aerobic bacteria (Petrifilm-AC) or fungus (Petrifilm-YM), depending on substrate composition. 27380096 1 24 theme forming 173:179 arg1 units 181:185 colony forming units 166:185 colony forming units (CFU) mL of either aerobic bacteria (Petrifilm-AC) or fungus (Petrifilm-YM) 166:261 Petrifilms are dehydrated agar culture plates that have been used to quantify colony forming units (CFU) mL of either aerobic bacteria (Petrifilm-AC) or fungus (Petrifilm-YM), depending on substrate composition. 27380096 8 25 theme Reasoner 1312:1319 arg1 agar 1334:1337 Reasoner and Goldrich agar 1312:1337 Reasoner and Goldrich agar (R2A) 1312:1343 Begoniaceae on Petrifilm-AC was not significantly different ( < 0.05) than on PDA, but was lower than on Reasoner and Goldrich agar (R2A) or with a hemocytometer. 27380096 8 25 theme Reasoner 1312:1319 arg1 R2A 1340:1342 R2A 1340:1342 R2A 1340:1342 Begoniaceae on Petrifilm-AC was not significantly different ( < 0.05) than on PDA, but was lower than on Reasoner and Goldrich agar (R2A) or with a hemocytometer. 27380096 1 26 theme fungus 241:246 arg1 mL 193:194 colony forming units (CFU) mL 166:194 colony forming units (CFU) mL of either aerobic bacteria (Petrifilm-AC) or fungus (Petrifilm-YM) 166:261 Petrifilms are dehydrated agar culture plates that have been used to quantify colony forming units (CFU) mL of either aerobic bacteria (Petrifilm-AC) or fungus (Petrifilm-YM), depending on substrate composition. 27380096 2 27 theme biofilm 344:350 arg1 risk 352:355 biofilm risk 344:355 biofilm risk 344:355 Microbes in irrigation systems can indicate biofilm risk and potential clogging of irrigation emitters. 27380096 0 28 theme Agar 18:21 arg1 Use 0:2 Use 0:2 Use of Dehydrated Agar 0:21 Use of Dehydrated Agar to Estimate Microbial Water Quality for Horticulture Irrigation. 27380096 6 29 theme comparable 1017:1026 arg1 counts 1028:1033 comparable counts 1017:1033 comparable counts with a vegetable juice medium supplemented with the antibiotics pimaricin, ampicillin, rifamycin, pentochloronitrobenzene and hymexazol (PARP-H) 1017:1178 Isolates of viable zoospores were cultured successfully on potato-dextrose agar (PDA), with comparable counts with a vegetable juice medium supplemented with the antibiotics pimaricin, ampicillin, rifamycin, pentochloronitrobenzene and hymexazol (PARP-H). 27380096 4 30 from Petrifilm-YM 701:712 arg1 d 682:682 7 d 680:682 7 d of incubation on Petrifilm-YM 680:712 The estimated count (in CFU mL) from a recirculated irrigation sample after 7 d of incubation on Petrifilm-YM was only 5.5% of the count quantified using sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol after 14 d. 27380096 3 31 theme irrigation 546:555 arg1 waters 557:562 recirculated irrigation waters 533:562 recirculated irrigation waters 533:562 The research objective was to compare counts on Petrifilms versus traditional, hydrated-agar plates using samples collected from recirculated irrigation waters and cultures of isolated known species. 27380096 8 32 theme Goldrich 1325:1332 arg1 agar 1334:1337 Reasoner and Goldrich agar 1312:1337 Reasoner and Goldrich agar (R2A) 1312:1343 Begoniaceae on Petrifilm-AC was not significantly different ( < 0.05) than on PDA, but was lower than on Reasoner and Goldrich agar (R2A) or with a hemocytometer. 27380096 8 32 theme Goldrich 1325:1332 arg1 R2A 1340:1342 R2A 1340:1342 R2A 1340:1342 Begoniaceae on Petrifilm-AC was not significantly different ( < 0.05) than on PDA, but was lower than on Reasoner and Goldrich agar (R2A) or with a hemocytometer. 27380096 2 33 theme emitters 394:401 arg1 risk 352:355 biofilm risk 344:355 biofilm risk 344:355 Microbes in irrigation systems can indicate biofilm risk and potential clogging of irrigation emitters. 27380096 2 33 theme emitters 394:401 arg1 clogging 371:378 potential clogging 361:378 potential clogging 361:378 Microbes in irrigation systems can indicate biofilm risk and potential clogging of irrigation emitters. 27380096 0 34 theme Dehydrated 7:16 arg1 Agar 18:21 Dehydrated Agar 7:21 Dehydrated Agar 7:21 Use of Dehydrated Agar to Estimate Microbial Water Quality for Horticulture Irrigation. 27380096 1 35 theme dehydrated 103:112 arg1 plates 127:132 dehydrated agar culture plates 103:132 dehydrated agar culture plates that have been used to quantify colony forming units (CFU) mL of either aerobic bacteria (Petrifilm-AC) or fungus (Petrifilm-YM), depending on substrate composition 103:297 Petrifilms are dehydrated agar culture plates that have been used to quantify colony forming units (CFU) mL of either aerobic bacteria (Petrifilm-AC) or fungus (Petrifilm-YM), depending on substrate composition. 27380096 1 35 theme dehydrated 103:112 arg1 Petrifilms 88:97 Petrifilms 88:97 Petrifilms 88:97 Petrifilms are dehydrated agar culture plates that have been used to quantify colony forming units (CFU) mL of either aerobic bacteria (Petrifilm-AC) or fungus (Petrifilm-YM), depending on substrate composition. 27380096 10 36 theme biofilm 1677:1683 arg1 risk 1685:1688 biofilm risk 1677:1688 biofilm risk 1677:1688 However, Petrifilm-AC was an effective method to quantify bacteria and can provide an easy-to-use on-farm tool to monitor biofilm risk and microbial density. 27380096 2 37 theme irrigation 383:392 arg1 emitters 394:401 irrigation emitters 383:401 irrigation emitters 383:401 Microbes in irrigation systems can indicate biofilm risk and potential clogging of irrigation emitters. 27380096 3 38 theme traditional 470:480 arg1 plates 497:502 Petrifilms versus traditional, hydrated-agar plates 452:502 plates 497:502 The research objective was to compare counts on Petrifilms versus traditional, hydrated-agar plates using samples collected from recirculated irrigation waters and cultures of isolated known species. 27380096 10 39 dep method 1594:1599 arg1 provide 1630:1636 provide 1630:1636 can provide an easy-to-use on-farm tool to monitor biofilm risk and microbial density 1626:1710 However, Petrifilm-AC was an effective method to quantify bacteria and can provide an easy-to-use on-farm tool to monitor biofilm risk and microbial density. 27380096 10 39 dep method 1594:1599 arg1 quantify 1604:1611 quantify 1604:1611 to quantify bacteria 1601:1620 However, Petrifilm-AC was an effective method to quantify bacteria and can provide an easy-to-use on-farm tool to monitor biofilm risk and microbial density. 27380096 3 40 theme known 589:593 arg1 species 595:601 isolated known species 580:601 isolated known species 580:601 The research objective was to compare counts on Petrifilms versus traditional, hydrated-agar plates using samples collected from recirculated irrigation waters and cultures of isolated known species. 27380096 1 41 theme units 181:185 arg1 mL 193:194 colony forming units (CFU) mL 166:194 colony forming units (CFU) mL of either aerobic bacteria (Petrifilm-AC) or fungus (Petrifilm-YM) 166:261 Petrifilms are dehydrated agar culture plates that have been used to quantify colony forming units (CFU) mL of either aerobic bacteria (Petrifilm-AC) or fungus (Petrifilm-YM), depending on substrate composition. 27380096 3 42 theme research 408:415 arg1 objective 417:425 The research objective 404:425 The research objective 404:425 The research objective was to compare counts on Petrifilms versus traditional, hydrated-agar plates using samples collected from recirculated irrigation waters and cultures of isolated known species. 27380096 6 43 with counts 1028:1033 arg1 medium 1058:1063 a vegetable juice medium 1040:1063 a vegetable juice medium supplemented with the antibiotics pimaricin, ampicillin, rifamycin, pentochloronitrobenzene and hymexazol (PARP-H) 1040:1178 Isolates of viable zoospores were cultured successfully on potato-dextrose agar (PDA), with comparable counts with a vegetable juice medium supplemented with the antibiotics pimaricin, ampicillin, rifamycin, pentochloronitrobenzene and hymexazol (PARP-H). 27380096 3 44 theme species 595:601 arg1 waters 557:562 recirculated irrigation waters 533:562 recirculated irrigation waters 533:562 The research objective was to compare counts on Petrifilms versus traditional, hydrated-agar plates using samples collected from recirculated irrigation waters and cultures of isolated known species. 27380096 3 44 theme species 595:601 arg1 cultures 568:575 cultures 568:575 cultures of isolated known species 568:601 The research objective was to compare counts on Petrifilms versus traditional, hydrated-agar plates using samples collected from recirculated irrigation waters and cultures of isolated known species. 27380096 8 45 from Begoniaceae 1207:1217 arg1 Petrifilm-AC 1222:1233 Petrifilm-AC 1222:1233 Petrifilm-AC 1222:1233 Begoniaceae on Petrifilm-AC was not significantly different ( < 0.05) than on PDA, but was lower than on Reasoner and Goldrich agar (R2A) or with a hemocytometer. 27380096 9 46 theme Petrifilm-YM 1397:1408 arg1 formulation 1382:1392 The current formulation 1370:1392 The current formulation of Petrifilm-YM 1370:1408 The current formulation of Petrifilm-YM is unlikely to be a useful monitoring method for plant pathogens in irrigation water because of the inability to successfully culture oomycetes. 27380096 9 46 theme Petrifilm-YM 1397:1408 arg1 unlikely 1413:1420 unlikely 1413:1420 unlikely 1413:1420 The current formulation of Petrifilm-YM is unlikely to be a useful monitoring method for plant pathogens in irrigation water because of the inability to successfully culture oomycetes. 27380096 9 46 theme Petrifilm-YM 1397:1408 arg1 method 1448:1453 a useful monitoring method 1428:1453 a useful monitoring method for plant pathogens 1428:1473 The current formulation of Petrifilm-YM is unlikely to be a useful monitoring method for plant pathogens in irrigation water because of the inability to successfully culture oomycetes. 27380096 0 47 theme Water 45:49 arg1 Quality 51:57 Microbial Water Quality 35:57 Microbial Water Quality 35:57 Use of Dehydrated Agar to Estimate Microbial Water Quality for Horticulture Irrigation. 27380096 10 48 theme on-farm 1653:1659 arg1 tool 1661:1664 an easy-to-use on-farm tool 1638:1664 an easy-to-use on-farm tool to monitor biofilm risk and microbial density 1638:1710 However, Petrifilm-AC was an effective method to quantify bacteria and can provide an easy-to-use on-farm tool to monitor biofilm risk and microbial density. 27380096 6 49 theme juice 1052:1056 arg1 medium 1058:1063 a vegetable juice medium 1040:1063 a vegetable juice medium supplemented with the antibiotics pimaricin, ampicillin, rifamycin, pentochloronitrobenzene and hymexazol (PARP-H) 1040:1178 Isolates of viable zoospores were cultured successfully on potato-dextrose agar (PDA), with comparable counts with a vegetable juice medium supplemented with the antibiotics pimaricin, ampicillin, rifamycin, pentochloronitrobenzene and hymexazol (PARP-H). 27380096 1 50 theme agar 114:117 arg1 plates 127:132 dehydrated agar culture plates 103:132 dehydrated agar culture plates that have been used to quantify colony forming units (CFU) mL of either aerobic bacteria (Petrifilm-AC) or fungus (Petrifilm-YM), depending on substrate composition 103:297 Petrifilms are dehydrated agar culture plates that have been used to quantify colony forming units (CFU) mL of either aerobic bacteria (Petrifilm-AC) or fungus (Petrifilm-YM), depending on substrate composition. 27380096 1 50 theme agar 114:117 arg1 Petrifilms 88:97 Petrifilms 88:97 Petrifilms 88:97 Petrifilms are dehydrated agar culture plates that have been used to quantify colony forming units (CFU) mL of either aerobic bacteria (Petrifilm-AC) or fungus (Petrifilm-YM), depending on substrate composition. 27380096 0 51 theme Microbial 35:43 arg1 Quality 51:57 Microbial Water Quality 35:57 Microbial Water Quality 35:57 Use of Dehydrated Agar to Estimate Microbial Water Quality for Horticulture Irrigation. 27380096 8 52 dep different 1257:1265 arg1 < 1269:1269 < 0.05 1269:1274 < 0.05 1269:1274 Begoniaceae on Petrifilm-AC was not significantly different ( < 0.05) than on PDA, but was lower than on Reasoner and Goldrich agar (R2A) or with a hemocytometer. 27380096 3 53 theme isolated 580:587 arg1 species 595:601 isolated known species 580:601 isolated known species 580:601 The research objective was to compare counts on Petrifilms versus traditional, hydrated-agar plates using samples collected from recirculated irrigation waters and cultures of isolated known species. 27380096 3 54 theme hydrated-agar 483:495 arg1 plates 497:502 Petrifilms versus traditional, hydrated-agar plates 452:502 plates 497:502 The research objective was to compare counts on Petrifilms versus traditional, hydrated-agar plates using samples collected from recirculated irrigation waters and cultures of isolated known species. 27380096 1 55 theme culture 119:125 arg1 plates 127:132 dehydrated agar culture plates 103:132 dehydrated agar culture plates that have been used to quantify colony forming units (CFU) mL of either aerobic bacteria (Petrifilm-AC) or fungus (Petrifilm-YM), depending on substrate composition 103:297 Petrifilms are dehydrated agar culture plates that have been used to quantify colony forming units (CFU) mL of either aerobic bacteria (Petrifilm-AC) or fungus (Petrifilm-YM), depending on substrate composition. 27380096 1 55 theme culture 119:125 arg1 Petrifilms 88:97 Petrifilms 88:97 Petrifilms 88:97 Petrifilms are dehydrated agar culture plates that have been used to quantify colony forming units (CFU) mL of either aerobic bacteria (Petrifilm-AC) or fungus (Petrifilm-YM), depending on substrate composition. 27380096 9 56 theme plant 1459:1463 arg1 pathogens 1465:1473 plant pathogens 1459:1473 plant pathogens 1459:1473 The current formulation of Petrifilm-YM is unlikely to be a useful monitoring method for plant pathogens in irrigation water because of the inability to successfully culture oomycetes. 27380096 1 57 theme substrate 277:285 arg1 composition 287:297 substrate composition 277:297 substrate composition 277:297 Petrifilms are dehydrated agar culture plates that have been used to quantify colony forming units (CFU) mL of either aerobic bacteria (Petrifilm-AC) or fungus (Petrifilm-YM), depending on substrate composition. 27380096 9 58 theme culture 1536:1542 arg1 oomycetes 1544:1552 culture oomycetes 1536:1552 culture oomycetes 1536:1552 The current formulation of Petrifilm-YM is unlikely to be a useful monitoring method for plant pathogens in irrigation water because of the inability to successfully culture oomycetes. 27380096 9 59 theme useful 1430:1435 arg1 formulation 1382:1392 The current formulation 1370:1392 The current formulation of Petrifilm-YM 1370:1408 The current formulation of Petrifilm-YM is unlikely to be a useful monitoring method for plant pathogens in irrigation water because of the inability to successfully culture oomycetes. 27380096 9 59 theme useful 1430:1435 arg1 unlikely 1413:1420 unlikely 1413:1420 unlikely 1413:1420 The current formulation of Petrifilm-YM is unlikely to be a useful monitoring method for plant pathogens in irrigation water because of the inability to successfully culture oomycetes. 27380096 9 59 theme useful 1430:1435 arg1 method 1448:1453 a useful monitoring method 1428:1453 a useful monitoring method for plant pathogens 1428:1473 The current formulation of Petrifilm-YM is unlikely to be a useful monitoring method for plant pathogens in irrigation water because of the inability to successfully culture oomycetes. 27380096 4 60 from incubation 687:696 arg1 Petrifilm-YM 701:712 Petrifilm-YM 701:712 Petrifilm-YM 701:712 The estimated count (in CFU mL) from a recirculated irrigation sample after 7 d of incubation on Petrifilm-YM was only 5.5% of the count quantified using sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol after 14 d. 27380096 6 61 theme potato-dextrose 984:998 arg1 PDA 1006:1008 PDA 1006:1008 PDA 1006:1008 Isolates of viable zoospores were cultured successfully on potato-dextrose agar (PDA), with comparable counts with a vegetable juice medium supplemented with the antibiotics pimaricin, ampicillin, rifamycin, pentochloronitrobenzene and hymexazol (PARP-H). 27380096 6 61 theme potato-dextrose 984:998 arg1 agar 1000:1003 potato-dextrose agar 984:1003 potato-dextrose agar (PDA) 984:1009 Isolates of viable zoospores were cultured successfully on potato-dextrose agar (PDA), with comparable counts with a vegetable juice medium supplemented with the antibiotics pimaricin, ampicillin, rifamycin, pentochloronitrobenzene and hymexazol (PARP-H). 27380096 6 62 dep antibiotics 1087:1097 arg1 rifamycin 1122:1130 rifamycin 1122:1130 rifamycin 1122:1130 Isolates of viable zoospores were cultured successfully on potato-dextrose agar (PDA), with comparable counts with a vegetable juice medium supplemented with the antibiotics pimaricin, ampicillin, rifamycin, pentochloronitrobenzene and hymexazol (PARP-H). 27380096 6 62 dep antibiotics 1087:1097 arg1 pentochloronitrobenzene 1133:1155 pentochloronitrobenzene 1133:1155 pentochloronitrobenzene 1133:1155 Isolates of viable zoospores were cultured successfully on potato-dextrose agar (PDA), with comparable counts with a vegetable juice medium supplemented with the antibiotics pimaricin, ampicillin, rifamycin, pentochloronitrobenzene and hymexazol (PARP-H). 27380096 6 62 dep antibiotics 1087:1097 arg1 antibiotics 1087:1097 the antibiotics pimaricin, ampicillin, rifamycin, pentochloronitrobenzene and hymexazol 1083:1169 the antibiotics pimaricin, ampicillin, rifamycin, pentochloronitrobenzene and hymexazol (PARP-H) 1083:1178 Isolates of viable zoospores were cultured successfully on potato-dextrose agar (PDA), with comparable counts with a vegetable juice medium supplemented with the antibiotics pimaricin, ampicillin, rifamycin, pentochloronitrobenzene and hymexazol (PARP-H). 27380096 6 62 dep antibiotics 1087:1097 arg1 pimaricin 1099:1107 pimaricin 1099:1107 pimaricin 1099:1107 Isolates of viable zoospores were cultured successfully on potato-dextrose agar (PDA), with comparable counts with a vegetable juice medium supplemented with the antibiotics pimaricin, ampicillin, rifamycin, pentochloronitrobenzene and hymexazol (PARP-H). 27380096 6 62 dep antibiotics 1087:1097 arg1 ampicillin 1110:1119 ampicillin 1110:1119 ampicillin 1110:1119 Isolates of viable zoospores were cultured successfully on potato-dextrose agar (PDA), with comparable counts with a vegetable juice medium supplemented with the antibiotics pimaricin, ampicillin, rifamycin, pentochloronitrobenzene and hymexazol (PARP-H). 27380096 6 62 dep antibiotics 1087:1097 arg1 hymexazol 1161:1169 hymexazol 1161:1169 hymexazol 1161:1169 Isolates of viable zoospores were cultured successfully on potato-dextrose agar (PDA), with comparable counts with a vegetable juice medium supplemented with the antibiotics pimaricin, ampicillin, rifamycin, pentochloronitrobenzene and hymexazol (PARP-H). 27380096 10 63 theme effective 1584:1592 arg1 method 1594:1599 an effective method 1581:1599 an effective method to quantify bacteria and can provide an easy-to-use on-farm tool to monitor biofilm risk and microbial density 1581:1710 However, Petrifilm-AC was an effective method to quantify bacteria and can provide an easy-to-use on-farm tool to monitor biofilm risk and microbial density. 27380096 10 63 theme effective 1584:1592 arg1 Petrifilm-AC 1564:1575 Petrifilm-AC 1564:1575 Petrifilm-AC 1564:1575 However, Petrifilm-AC was an effective method to quantify bacteria and can provide an easy-to-use on-farm tool to monitor biofilm risk and microbial density. 27380096 3 64 theme Petrifilms 452:461 arg1 plates 497:502 Petrifilms versus traditional, hydrated-agar plates 452:502 plates 497:502 The research objective was to compare counts on Petrifilms versus traditional, hydrated-agar plates using samples collected from recirculated irrigation waters and cultures of isolated known species. 27380096 10 65 theme microbial 1694:1702 arg1 density 1704:1710 microbial density 1694:1710 microbial density 1694:1710 However, Petrifilm-AC was an effective method to quantify bacteria and can provide an easy-to-use on-farm tool to monitor biofilm risk and microbial density. 27380096 4 66 from count 618:622 arg1 mL 632:633 CFU mL 628:633 CFU mL 628:633 The estimated count (in CFU mL) from a recirculated irrigation sample after 7 d of incubation on Petrifilm-YM was only 5.5% of the count quantified using sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol after 14 d. 27380096 6 67 theme vegetable 1042:1050 arg1 medium 1058:1063 a vegetable juice medium 1040:1063 a vegetable juice medium supplemented with the antibiotics pimaricin, ampicillin, rifamycin, pentochloronitrobenzene and hymexazol (PARP-H) 1040:1178 Isolates of viable zoospores were cultured successfully on potato-dextrose agar (PDA), with comparable counts with a vegetable juice medium supplemented with the antibiotics pimaricin, ampicillin, rifamycin, pentochloronitrobenzene and hymexazol (PARP-H). 27380096 4 68 theme dextrose 768:775 arg1 SDA 783:785 SDA 783:785 SDA 783:785 The estimated count (in CFU mL) from a recirculated irrigation sample after 7 d of incubation on Petrifilm-YM was only 5.5% of the count quantified using sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol after 14 d. 27380096 4 68 theme dextrose 768:775 arg1 agar 777:780 sabouraud dextrose agar 758:780 sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) 758:786 The estimated count (in CFU mL) from a recirculated irrigation sample after 7 d of incubation on Petrifilm-YM was only 5.5% of the count quantified using sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol after 14 d. 27380096 9 69 theme current 1374:1380 arg1 formulation 1382:1392 The current formulation 1370:1392 The current formulation of Petrifilm-YM 1370:1408 The current formulation of Petrifilm-YM is unlikely to be a useful monitoring method for plant pathogens in irrigation water because of the inability to successfully culture oomycetes. 27380096 9 69 theme current 1374:1380 arg1 unlikely 1413:1420 unlikely 1413:1420 unlikely 1413:1420 The current formulation of Petrifilm-YM is unlikely to be a useful monitoring method for plant pathogens in irrigation water because of the inability to successfully culture oomycetes. 27380096 9 69 theme current 1374:1380 arg1 method 1448:1453 a useful monitoring method 1428:1453 a useful monitoring method for plant pathogens 1428:1473 The current formulation of Petrifilm-YM is unlikely to be a useful monitoring method for plant pathogens in irrigation water because of the inability to successfully culture oomycetes. 27380096 5 70 theme separate 826:833 arg1 experiment 835:844 a separate experiment 824:844 a separate experiment with a known species 824:865 In a separate experiment with a known species, Petrifilm-YM did not successfully culture zoospores of . 27380096 4 71 from d 682:682 arg1 Petrifilm-YM 701:712 Petrifilm-YM 701:712 Petrifilm-YM 701:712 The estimated count (in CFU mL) from a recirculated irrigation sample after 7 d of incubation on Petrifilm-YM was only 5.5% of the count quantified using sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol after 14 d. 27380096 1 72 theme aerobic 206:212 arg1 Petrifilm-AC 224:235 Petrifilm-AC 224:235 Petrifilm-AC 224:235 Petrifilms are dehydrated agar culture plates that have been used to quantify colony forming units (CFU) mL of either aerobic bacteria (Petrifilm-AC) or fungus (Petrifilm-YM), depending on substrate composition. 27380096 1 72 theme aerobic 206:212 arg1 bacteria 214:221 aerobic bacteria 206:221 aerobic bacteria (Petrifilm-AC) 206:236 Petrifilms are dehydrated agar culture plates that have been used to quantify colony forming units (CFU) mL of either aerobic bacteria (Petrifilm-AC) or fungus (Petrifilm-YM), depending on substrate composition. 27380096 4 73 theme sabouraud 758:766 arg1 SDA 783:785 SDA 783:785 SDA 783:785 The estimated count (in CFU mL) from a recirculated irrigation sample after 7 d of incubation on Petrifilm-YM was only 5.5% of the count quantified using sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol after 14 d. 27380096 4 73 theme sabouraud 758:766 arg1 agar 777:780 sabouraud dextrose agar 758:780 sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) 758:786 The estimated count (in CFU mL) from a recirculated irrigation sample after 7 d of incubation on Petrifilm-YM was only 5.5% of the count quantified using sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol after 14 d. 27380096 4 74 theme irrigation 656:665 arg1 sample 667:672 a recirculated irrigation sample 641:672 a recirculated irrigation sample 641:672 The estimated count (in CFU mL) from a recirculated irrigation sample after 7 d of incubation on Petrifilm-YM was only 5.5% of the count quantified using sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol after 14 d. 27380096 1 75 theme bacteria 214:221 arg1 mL 193:194 colony forming units (CFU) mL 166:194 colony forming units (CFU) mL of either aerobic bacteria (Petrifilm-AC) or fungus (Petrifilm-YM) 166:261 Petrifilms are dehydrated agar culture plates that have been used to quantify colony forming units (CFU) mL of either aerobic bacteria (Petrifilm-AC) or fungus (Petrifilm-YM), depending on substrate composition. 27044055 3 0 theme room 295:298 arg1 temperature 300:310 room temperature 295:310 room temperature with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) 295:353 Many of these radicals are stable, detectable at room temperature with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and their concentration is proportional to the absorbed dose in a considerable range. 27044055 4 1 theme interesting 468:478 arg1 system 480:485 an interesting system 465:485 an interesting system for dosimetry 465:499 This makes sucrose also an interesting system for dosimetry. 27044055 10 2 theme EPR 1561:1563 arg1 spectrum 1565:1572 the radical's absorption-like EPR spectrum 1531:1572 the radical's absorption-like EPR spectrum 1531:1572 The ENDOR spectrum of the largest HF interaction of the fourth species was exploited to isolate the radical's absorption-like EPR spectrum from a multicomponent powder pattern. 27044055 7 3 theme microwave 975:983 arg1 frequencies 985:995 three microwave frequencies 969:995 three microwave frequencies 969:995 In this work, we show, based on the analysis of the powder EPR patterns recorded at three microwave frequencies, that the contribution of one more species is sufficient to explain the entire spectrum. 27044055 6 4 theme stable 763:768 arg1 radicals 770:777 the three known stable radicals 747:777 the three known stable radicals 747:777 Recently, it was shown that the three known stable radicals can only account for the central part of the spectrum and that features in the wings remain unidentified. 27044055 10 5 theme absorption-like 1545:1559 arg1 spectrum 1565:1572 the radical's absorption-like EPR spectrum 1531:1572 the radical's absorption-like EPR spectrum 1531:1572 The ENDOR spectrum of the largest HF interaction of the fourth species was exploited to isolate the radical's absorption-like EPR spectrum from a multicomponent powder pattern. 27044055 8 6 theme parameters 1128:1137 arg1 determination 1090:1102 The determination 1086:1102 The determination of the spin Hamiltonian parameters 1086:1137 The determination of the spin Hamiltonian parameters is corroborated by a Q-band (34 GHz) single crystal electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) analysis. 27044055 8 7 theme double 1208:1213 arg1 resonance 1215:1223 crystal electron-nuclear double resonance 1183:1223 a Q-band (34 GHz) single crystal electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) analysis 1158:1240 The determination of the spin Hamiltonian parameters is corroborated by a Q-band (34 GHz) single crystal electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) analysis. 27044055 8 7 theme double 1208:1213 arg1 ENDOR 1226:1230 ENDOR 1226:1230 ENDOR 1226:1230 The determination of the spin Hamiltonian parameters is corroborated by a Q-band (34 GHz) single crystal electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) analysis. 27044055 3 8 dep stable 273:278 arg1 detectable 281:290 detectable 281:290 detectable 281:290 Many of these radicals are stable, detectable at room temperature with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and their concentration is proportional to the absorbed dose in a considerable range. 27044055 5 9 theme EPR 579:581 arg1 spectrum 590:597 the EPR powder spectrum 575:597 the EPR powder spectrum 575:597 Dose assessment protocols rely on measurements of the total intensity of the EPR powder spectrum, so it is likely that they could be further improved if the composite nature of the spectrum was understood completely. 27044055 10 10 theme fourth 1491:1496 arg1 species 1498:1504 the fourth species 1487:1504 the fourth species 1487:1504 The ENDOR spectrum of the largest HF interaction of the fourth species was exploited to isolate the radical's absorption-like EPR spectrum from a multicomponent powder pattern. 27044055 5 11 theme spectrum 683:690 arg1 nature 669:674 the composite nature 655:674 the composite nature of the spectrum 655:690 Dose assessment protocols rely on measurements of the total intensity of the EPR powder spectrum, so it is likely that they could be further improved if the composite nature of the spectrum was understood completely. 27044055 5 12 theme Dose 502:505 arg1 protocols 518:526 Dose assessment protocols 502:526 Dose assessment protocols 502:526 Dose assessment protocols rely on measurements of the total intensity of the EPR powder spectrum, so it is likely that they could be further improved if the composite nature of the spectrum was understood completely. 27044055 5 13 theme powder 583:588 arg1 spectrum 590:597 the EPR powder spectrum 575:597 the EPR powder spectrum 575:597 Dose assessment protocols rely on measurements of the total intensity of the EPR powder spectrum, so it is likely that they could be further improved if the composite nature of the spectrum was understood completely. 27044055 1 14 theme High-energy 67:77 arg1 radiation 79:87 High-energy radiation 67:87 High-energy radiation 67:87 High-energy radiation produces radicals in crystalline sucrose. 27044055 3 15 theme paramagnetic 326:337 arg1 resonance 339:347 electron paramagnetic resonance 317:347 electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) 317:353 Many of these radicals are stable, detectable at room temperature with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and their concentration is proportional to the absorbed dose in a considerable range. 27044055 3 15 theme paramagnetic 326:337 arg1 EPR 350:352 EPR 350:352 EPR 350:352 Many of these radicals are stable, detectable at room temperature with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and their concentration is proportional to the absorbed dose in a considerable range. 27044055 6 16 theme spectrum 824:831 arg1 part 812:815 the central part 800:815 the central part of the spectrum 800:831 Recently, it was shown that the three known stable radicals can only account for the central part of the spectrum and that features in the wings remain unidentified. 27044055 5 17 theme spectrum 590:597 arg1 intensity 562:570 the total intensity 552:570 the total intensity of the EPR powder spectrum 552:597 Dose assessment protocols rely on measurements of the total intensity of the EPR powder spectrum, so it is likely that they could be further improved if the composite nature of the spectrum was understood completely. 27044055 9 18 theme functional 1397:1406 arg1 calculations 1421:1432 density functional theory (DFT) calculations 1389:1432 density functional theory (DFT) calculations 1389:1432 The chemical structure of the fourth species is explored by analysis of the determined g and four (1)H hyperfine (HF) tensors, and verified using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. 27044055 9 19 theme determined 1319:1328 arg1 tensors 1361:1367 the determined g and four (1)H hyperfine (HF) tensors 1315:1367 the determined g and four (1)H hyperfine (HF) tensors 1315:1367 The chemical structure of the fourth species is explored by analysis of the determined g and four (1)H hyperfine (HF) tensors, and verified using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. 27044055 8 20 theme Hamiltonian 1116:1126 arg1 parameters 1128:1137 the spin Hamiltonian parameters 1107:1137 the spin Hamiltonian parameters 1107:1137 The determination of the spin Hamiltonian parameters is corroborated by a Q-band (34 GHz) single crystal electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) analysis. 27044055 8 21 theme spin 1111:1114 arg1 parameters 1128:1137 the spin Hamiltonian parameters 1107:1137 the spin Hamiltonian parameters 1107:1137 The determination of the spin Hamiltonian parameters is corroborated by a Q-band (34 GHz) single crystal electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) analysis. 27044055 9 22 theme tensors 1361:1367 arg1 analysis 1303:1310 analysis 1303:1310 analysis of the determined g and four (1)H hyperfine (HF) tensors 1303:1367 The chemical structure of the fourth species is explored by analysis of the determined g and four (1)H hyperfine (HF) tensors, and verified using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. 27044055 9 23 theme theory 1408:1413 arg1 calculations 1421:1432 density functional theory (DFT) calculations 1389:1432 density functional theory (DFT) calculations 1389:1432 The chemical structure of the fourth species is explored by analysis of the determined g and four (1)H hyperfine (HF) tensors, and verified using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. 27044055 9 24 theme g 1330:1330 arg1 tensors 1361:1367 the determined g and four (1)H hyperfine (HF) tensors 1315:1367 the determined g and four (1)H hyperfine (HF) tensors 1315:1367 The chemical structure of the fourth species is explored by analysis of the determined g and four (1)H hyperfine (HF) tensors, and verified using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. 27044055 0 25 theme stable 7:12 arg1 species 22:28 Fourth stable radical species 0:28 Fourth stable radical species in X-irradiated solid-state sucrose. 0:65 Fourth stable radical species in X-irradiated solid-state sucrose. 27044055 10 26 theme multicomponent 1581:1594 arg1 pattern 1603:1609 a multicomponent powder pattern 1579:1609 a multicomponent powder pattern 1579:1609 The ENDOR spectrum of the largest HF interaction of the fourth species was exploited to isolate the radical's absorption-like EPR spectrum from a multicomponent powder pattern. 27044055 10 27 theme ENDOR 1439:1443 arg1 spectrum 1445:1452 The ENDOR spectrum 1435:1452 The ENDOR spectrum of the largest HF interaction of the fourth species 1435:1504 The ENDOR spectrum of the largest HF interaction of the fourth species was exploited to isolate the radical's absorption-like EPR spectrum from a multicomponent powder pattern. 27044055 5 28 theme total 556:560 arg1 intensity 562:570 the total intensity 552:570 the total intensity of the EPR powder spectrum 552:597 Dose assessment protocols rely on measurements of the total intensity of the EPR powder spectrum, so it is likely that they could be further improved if the composite nature of the spectrum was understood completely. 27044055 3 29 theme absorbed 402:409 arg1 dose 411:414 the absorbed dose 398:414 the absorbed dose in a considerable range 398:438 Many of these radicals are stable, detectable at room temperature with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and their concentration is proportional to the absorbed dose in a considerable range. 27044055 0 30 theme Fourth 0:5 arg1 species 22:28 Fourth stable radical species 0:28 Fourth stable radical species in X-irradiated solid-state sucrose. 0:65 Fourth stable radical species in X-irradiated solid-state sucrose. 27044055 5 31 theme intensity 562:570 arg1 measurements 536:547 measurements 536:547 measurements of the total intensity of the EPR powder spectrum 536:597 Dose assessment protocols rely on measurements of the total intensity of the EPR powder spectrum, so it is likely that they could be further improved if the composite nature of the spectrum was understood completely. 27044055 9 32 theme DFT 1416:1418 arg1 calculations 1421:1432 density functional theory (DFT) calculations 1389:1432 density functional theory (DFT) calculations 1389:1432 The chemical structure of the fourth species is explored by analysis of the determined g and four (1)H hyperfine (HF) tensors, and verified using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. 27044055 6 33 theme central 804:810 arg1 part 812:815 the central part 800:815 the central part of the spectrum 800:831 Recently, it was shown that the three known stable radicals can only account for the central part of the spectrum and that features in the wings remain unidentified. 27044055 4 34 dep also 460:463 arg1 sucrose 452:458 sucrose 452:458 sucrose 452:458 This makes sucrose also an interesting system for dosimetry. 27044055 3 35 theme radicals 260:267 arg1 radicals 260:267 these radicals 254:267 these radicals 254:267 Many of these radicals are stable, detectable at room temperature with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and their concentration is proportional to the absorbed dose in a considerable range. 27044055 3 35 theme radicals 260:267 arg1 Many 246:249 Many 246:249 Many 246:249 Many of these radicals are stable, detectable at room temperature with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and their concentration is proportional to the absorbed dose in a considerable range. 27044055 1 36 theme crystalline 110:120 arg1 sucrose 122:128 crystalline sucrose 110:128 crystalline sucrose 110:128 High-energy radiation produces radicals in crystalline sucrose. 27044055 0 37 theme radical 14:20 arg1 species 22:28 Fourth stable radical species 0:28 Fourth stable radical species in X-irradiated solid-state sucrose. 0:65 Fourth stable radical species in X-irradiated solid-state sucrose. 27044055 5 38 theme composite 659:667 arg1 nature 669:674 the composite nature 655:674 the composite nature of the spectrum 655:690 Dose assessment protocols rely on measurements of the total intensity of the EPR powder spectrum, so it is likely that they could be further improved if the composite nature of the spectrum was understood completely. 27044055 10 39 theme powder 1596:1601 arg1 pattern 1603:1609 a multicomponent powder pattern 1579:1609 a multicomponent powder pattern 1579:1609 The ENDOR spectrum of the largest HF interaction of the fourth species was exploited to isolate the radical's absorption-like EPR spectrum from a multicomponent powder pattern. 27044055 8 40 theme Q-band 1160:1165 arg1 analysis 1233:1240 a Q-band (34 GHz) single crystal electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) analysis 1158:1240 a Q-band (34 GHz) single crystal electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) analysis 1158:1240 The determination of the spin Hamiltonian parameters is corroborated by a Q-band (34 GHz) single crystal electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) analysis. 27044055 8 40 theme Q-band 1160:1165 arg1 GHz 1171:1173 34 GHz 1168:1173 34 GHz 1168:1173 The determination of the spin Hamiltonian parameters is corroborated by a Q-band (34 GHz) single crystal electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) analysis. 27044055 0 41 theme X-irradiated 33:44 arg1 sucrose 58:64 X-irradiated solid-state sucrose 33:64 X-irradiated solid-state sucrose 33:64 Fourth stable radical species in X-irradiated solid-state sucrose. 27044055 2 42 theme model 176:180 arg1 system 182:187 a relevant model system 165:187 a relevant model system for studying radiation damage to the sugar units of DNA 165:243 As such, sucrose is considered as a relevant model system for studying radiation damage to the sugar units of DNA. 27044055 2 42 theme model 176:180 arg1 sucrose 140:146 sucrose 140:146 sucrose 140:146 As such, sucrose is considered as a relevant model system for studying radiation damage to the sugar units of DNA. 27044055 10 43 theme interaction 1472:1482 arg1 spectrum 1445:1452 The ENDOR spectrum 1435:1452 The ENDOR spectrum of the largest HF interaction of the fourth species 1435:1504 The ENDOR spectrum of the largest HF interaction of the fourth species was exploited to isolate the radical's absorption-like EPR spectrum from a multicomponent powder pattern. 27044055 3 44 theme considerable 421:432 arg1 range 434:438 a considerable range 419:438 a considerable range 419:438 Many of these radicals are stable, detectable at room temperature with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and their concentration is proportional to the absorbed dose in a considerable range. 27044055 10 45 theme largest 1461:1467 arg1 interaction 1472:1482 the largest HF interaction 1457:1482 the largest HF interaction of the fourth species 1457:1504 The ENDOR spectrum of the largest HF interaction of the fourth species was exploited to isolate the radical's absorption-like EPR spectrum from a multicomponent powder pattern. 27044055 9 46 theme chemical 1247:1254 arg1 structure 1256:1264 The chemical structure 1243:1264 The chemical structure of the fourth species 1243:1286 The chemical structure of the fourth species is explored by analysis of the determined g and four (1)H hyperfine (HF) tensors, and verified using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. 27044055 2 47 theme relevant 167:174 arg1 system 182:187 a relevant model system 165:187 a relevant model system for studying radiation damage to the sugar units of DNA 165:243 As such, sucrose is considered as a relevant model system for studying radiation damage to the sugar units of DNA. 27044055 2 47 theme relevant 167:174 arg1 sucrose 140:146 sucrose 140:146 sucrose 140:146 As such, sucrose is considered as a relevant model system for studying radiation damage to the sugar units of DNA. 27044055 2 48 theme sugar 226:230 arg1 units 232:236 the sugar units 222:236 the sugar units of DNA 222:243 As such, sucrose is considered as a relevant model system for studying radiation damage to the sugar units of DNA. 27044055 9 49 theme H 1344:1344 arg1 HF 1357:1358 HF 1357:1358 HF 1357:1358 The chemical structure of the fourth species is explored by analysis of the determined g and four (1)H hyperfine (HF) tensors, and verified using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. 27044055 9 49 theme H 1344:1344 arg1 hyperfine 1346:1354 four (1)H hyperfine 1336:1354 four (1)H hyperfine (HF) 1336:1359 The chemical structure of the fourth species is explored by analysis of the determined g and four (1)H hyperfine (HF) tensors, and verified using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. 27044055 7 50 theme species 1032:1038 arg1 sufficient 1043:1052 sufficient 1043:1052 sufficient 1043:1052 In this work, we show, based on the analysis of the powder EPR patterns recorded at three microwave frequencies, that the contribution of one more species is sufficient to explain the entire spectrum. 27044055 7 50 theme species 1032:1038 arg1 contribution 1007:1018 the contribution 1003:1018 the contribution of one more species 1003:1038 In this work, we show, based on the analysis of the powder EPR patterns recorded at three microwave frequencies, that the contribution of one more species is sufficient to explain the entire spectrum. 27044055 7 51 theme EPR 944:946 arg1 patterns 948:955 the powder EPR patterns 933:955 the powder EPR patterns recorded at three microwave frequencies 933:995 In this work, we show, based on the analysis of the powder EPR patterns recorded at three microwave frequencies, that the contribution of one more species is sufficient to explain the entire spectrum. 27044055 8 52 theme single 1176:1181 arg1 analysis 1233:1240 a Q-band (34 GHz) single crystal electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) analysis 1158:1240 a Q-band (34 GHz) single crystal electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) analysis 1158:1240 The determination of the spin Hamiltonian parameters is corroborated by a Q-band (34 GHz) single crystal electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) analysis. 27044055 8 52 theme single 1176:1181 arg1 GHz 1171:1173 34 GHz 1168:1173 34 GHz 1168:1173 The determination of the spin Hamiltonian parameters is corroborated by a Q-band (34 GHz) single crystal electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) analysis. 27044055 0 53 theme solid-state 46:56 arg1 sucrose 58:64 X-irradiated solid-state sucrose 33:64 X-irradiated solid-state sucrose 33:64 Fourth stable radical species in X-irradiated solid-state sucrose. 27044055 7 54 theme patterns 948:955 arg1 analysis 921:928 the analysis 917:928 the analysis of the powder EPR patterns recorded at three microwave frequencies 917:995 In this work, we show, based on the analysis of the powder EPR patterns recorded at three microwave frequencies, that the contribution of one more species is sufficient to explain the entire spectrum. 27044055 2 55 theme radiation 202:210 arg1 damage 212:217 radiation damage 202:217 radiation damage to the sugar units of DNA 202:243 As such, sucrose is considered as a relevant model system for studying radiation damage to the sugar units of DNA. 27044055 9 56 theme hyperfine 1346:1354 arg1 tensors 1361:1367 the determined g and four (1)H hyperfine (HF) tensors 1315:1367 the determined g and four (1)H hyperfine (HF) tensors 1315:1367 The chemical structure of the fourth species is explored by analysis of the determined g and four (1)H hyperfine (HF) tensors, and verified using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. 27044055 10 57 theme HF 1469:1470 arg1 interaction 1472:1482 the largest HF interaction 1457:1482 the largest HF interaction of the fourth species 1457:1504 The ENDOR spectrum of the largest HF interaction of the fourth species was exploited to isolate the radical's absorption-like EPR spectrum from a multicomponent powder pattern. 27044055 3 58 from temperature 300:310 arg1 stable 273:278 stable 273:278 stable 273:278 Many of these radicals are stable, detectable at room temperature with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and their concentration is proportional to the absorbed dose in a considerable range. 27044055 6 59 theme known 757:761 arg1 radicals 770:777 the three known stable radicals 747:777 the three known stable radicals 747:777 Recently, it was shown that the three known stable radicals can only account for the central part of the spectrum and that features in the wings remain unidentified. 27044055 8 60 theme electron-nuclear 1191:1206 arg1 resonance 1215:1223 crystal electron-nuclear double resonance 1183:1223 a Q-band (34 GHz) single crystal electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) analysis 1158:1240 The determination of the spin Hamiltonian parameters is corroborated by a Q-band (34 GHz) single crystal electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) analysis. 27044055 8 60 theme electron-nuclear 1191:1206 arg1 ENDOR 1226:1230 ENDOR 1226:1230 ENDOR 1226:1230 The determination of the spin Hamiltonian parameters is corroborated by a Q-band (34 GHz) single crystal electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) analysis. 27044055 9 61 theme fourth 1273:1278 arg1 species 1280:1286 the fourth species 1269:1286 the fourth species 1269:1286 The chemical structure of the fourth species is explored by analysis of the determined g and four (1)H hyperfine (HF) tensors, and verified using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. 27044055 7 62 theme powder 937:942 arg1 patterns 948:955 the powder EPR patterns 933:955 the powder EPR patterns recorded at three microwave frequencies 933:995 In this work, we show, based on the analysis of the powder EPR patterns recorded at three microwave frequencies, that the contribution of one more species is sufficient to explain the entire spectrum. 27044055 3 63 with temperature 300:310 arg1 resonance 339:347 electron paramagnetic resonance 317:347 electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) 317:353 Many of these radicals are stable, detectable at room temperature with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and their concentration is proportional to the absorbed dose in a considerable range. 27044055 3 63 with temperature 300:310 arg1 EPR 350:352 EPR 350:352 EPR 350:352 Many of these radicals are stable, detectable at room temperature with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and their concentration is proportional to the absorbed dose in a considerable range. 27044055 8 64 theme crystal 1183:1189 arg1 resonance 1215:1223 crystal electron-nuclear double resonance 1183:1223 a Q-band (34 GHz) single crystal electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) analysis 1158:1240 The determination of the spin Hamiltonian parameters is corroborated by a Q-band (34 GHz) single crystal electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) analysis. 27044055 8 64 theme crystal 1183:1189 arg1 ENDOR 1226:1230 ENDOR 1226:1230 ENDOR 1226:1230 The determination of the spin Hamiltonian parameters is corroborated by a Q-band (34 GHz) single crystal electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) analysis. 27044055 1 65 from radicals 98:105 arg1 sucrose 122:128 crystalline sucrose 110:128 crystalline sucrose 110:128 High-energy radiation produces radicals in crystalline sucrose. 27044055 9 66 theme species 1280:1286 arg1 structure 1256:1264 The chemical structure 1243:1264 The chemical structure of the fourth species 1243:1286 The chemical structure of the fourth species is explored by analysis of the determined g and four (1)H hyperfine (HF) tensors, and verified using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. 27044055 6 67 from features 842:849 arg1 wings 858:862 the wings 854:862 the wings 854:862 Recently, it was shown that the three known stable radicals can only account for the central part of the spectrum and that features in the wings remain unidentified. 27044055 10 68 theme species 1498:1504 arg1 interaction 1472:1482 the largest HF interaction 1457:1482 the largest HF interaction of the fourth species 1457:1504 The ENDOR spectrum of the largest HF interaction of the fourth species was exploited to isolate the radical's absorption-like EPR spectrum from a multicomponent powder pattern. 27044055 2 69 theme DNA 241:243 arg1 units 232:236 the sugar units 222:236 the sugar units of DNA 222:243 As such, sucrose is considered as a relevant model system for studying radiation damage to the sugar units of DNA. 27044055 3 70 from dose 411:414 arg1 range 434:438 a considerable range 419:438 a considerable range 419:438 Many of these radicals are stable, detectable at room temperature with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and their concentration is proportional to the absorbed dose in a considerable range. 27044055 8 71 theme resonance 1215:1223 arg1 analysis 1233:1240 a Q-band (34 GHz) single crystal electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) analysis 1158:1240 a Q-band (34 GHz) single crystal electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) analysis 1158:1240 The determination of the spin Hamiltonian parameters is corroborated by a Q-band (34 GHz) single crystal electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) analysis. 27044055 8 71 theme resonance 1215:1223 arg1 GHz 1171:1173 34 GHz 1168:1173 34 GHz 1168:1173 The determination of the spin Hamiltonian parameters is corroborated by a Q-band (34 GHz) single crystal electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) analysis. 27044055 9 72 theme density 1389:1395 arg1 calculations 1421:1432 density functional theory (DFT) calculations 1389:1432 density functional theory (DFT) calculations 1389:1432 The chemical structure of the fourth species is explored by analysis of the determined g and four (1)H hyperfine (HF) tensors, and verified using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. 27044055 3 73 theme electron 317:324 arg1 resonance 339:347 electron paramagnetic resonance 317:347 electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) 317:353 Many of these radicals are stable, detectable at room temperature with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and their concentration is proportional to the absorbed dose in a considerable range. 27044055 3 73 theme electron 317:324 arg1 EPR 350:352 EPR 350:352 EPR 350:352 Many of these radicals are stable, detectable at room temperature with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and their concentration is proportional to the absorbed dose in a considerable range. 27044055 0 74 from species 22:28 arg1 sucrose 58:64 X-irradiated solid-state sucrose 33:64 X-irradiated solid-state sucrose 33:64 Fourth stable radical species in X-irradiated solid-state sucrose. 27044055 5 75 theme assessment 507:516 arg1 protocols 518:526 Dose assessment protocols 502:526 Dose assessment protocols 502:526 Dose assessment protocols rely on measurements of the total intensity of the EPR powder spectrum, so it is likely that they could be further improved if the composite nature of the spectrum was understood completely. 27044055 7 76 theme entire 1069:1074 arg1 spectrum 1076:1083 the entire spectrum 1065:1083 the entire spectrum 1065:1083 In this work, we show, based on the analysis of the powder EPR patterns recorded at three microwave frequencies, that the contribution of one more species is sufficient to explain the entire spectrum. 28024593 1 0 theme copolymer 270:278 arg1 composite 280:288 PCL-block copolymer composite 260:288 PCL-block copolymer composite 260:288 In the present paper, we clarify the effects that the composition of three types of sheets-the PCL sheet, the PCL-BC (PCL-block copolymer composite) sheet, and the PCL-PM (PCL-polymeric micelle composite) sheet-can have on (1) the sheets' inner structure, (2) the dispersity of hydrophilic compounds in the sheets, (3) the sheets' mechanical properties, and (4) the sheets' degradability. 28024593 1 0 theme copolymer 270:278 arg1 PCL-BC 252:257 the PCL-BC 248:257 the PCL-BC (PCL-block copolymer composite) sheet 248:295 In the present paper, we clarify the effects that the composition of three types of sheets-the PCL sheet, the PCL-BC (PCL-block copolymer composite) sheet, and the PCL-PM (PCL-polymeric micelle composite) sheet-can have on (1) the sheets' inner structure, (2) the dispersity of hydrophilic compounds in the sheets, (3) the sheets' mechanical properties, and (4) the sheets' degradability. 28024593 2 1 contain having 933:938 arg1 materials 980:988 materials 980:988 materials with a controllable surface morphology by the effective use of co-existing compounds 980:1073 Our results show that (1) the PCL-PM sheet can disperse hydrophilic compounds uniformly, (2) the molecular state (free or micellar) of a co-existing compound (PEG-b-PCL block copolymers) affects the strength and the inner structures of the sheets, whereas the presence of a co-existing compound affects the flexibility of the sheets, and (3) according to our degradation experiment, hard-to-handle PCL having extremely low hydrolysis could serve as materials with a controllable surface morphology by the effective use of co-existing compounds. 28024593 2 1 contain having 933:938 arg1 PCL 929:931 hard-to-handle PCL 914:931 hard-to-handle PCL having extremely low hydrolysis 914:963 Our results show that (1) the PCL-PM sheet can disperse hydrophilic compounds uniformly, (2) the molecular state (free or micellar) of a co-existing compound (PEG-b-PCL block copolymers) affects the strength and the inner structures of the sheets, whereas the presence of a co-existing compound affects the flexibility of the sheets, and (3) according to our degradation experiment, hard-to-handle PCL having extremely low hydrolysis could serve as materials with a controllable surface morphology by the effective use of co-existing compounds. 28024593 2 1 contain having 933:938 arg2 hydrolysis 954:963 extremely low hydrolysis 940:963 extremely low hydrolysis 940:963 Our results show that (1) the PCL-PM sheet can disperse hydrophilic compounds uniformly, (2) the molecular state (free or micellar) of a co-existing compound (PEG-b-PCL block copolymers) affects the strength and the inner structures of the sheets, whereas the presence of a co-existing compound affects the flexibility of the sheets, and (3) according to our degradation experiment, hard-to-handle PCL having extremely low hydrolysis could serve as materials with a controllable surface morphology by the effective use of co-existing compounds. 28024593 0 2 theme polymeric 52:60 arg1 micelles 62:69 polymeric micelles 52:69 polymeric micelles 52:69 Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) hybrid sheets containing polymeric micelles: Effects of inner structures on the material properties of the sheets. 28024593 2 3 theme inner 747:751 arg1 structures 753:762 the inner structures 743:762 the inner structures of the sheets 743:776 Our results show that (1) the PCL-PM sheet can disperse hydrophilic compounds uniformly, (2) the molecular state (free or micellar) of a co-existing compound (PEG-b-PCL block copolymers) affects the strength and the inner structures of the sheets, whereas the presence of a co-existing compound affects the flexibility of the sheets, and (3) according to our degradation experiment, hard-to-handle PCL having extremely low hydrolysis could serve as materials with a controllable surface morphology by the effective use of co-existing compounds. 28024593 1 4 theme sheet-can 347:355 arg1 types 217:221 three types 211:221 three types of sheets-the PCL sheet, the PCL-BC (PCL-block copolymer composite) sheet, and the PCL-PM (PCL-polymeric micelle composite) sheet-can 211:355 In the present paper, we clarify the effects that the composition of three types of sheets-the PCL sheet, the PCL-BC (PCL-block copolymer composite) sheet, and the PCL-PM (PCL-polymeric micelle composite) sheet-can have on (1) the sheets' inner structure, (2) the dispersity of hydrophilic compounds in the sheets, (3) the sheets' mechanical properties, and (4) the sheets' degradability. 28024593 2 5 dep state 638:642 arg1 micellar 653:660 micellar 653:660 micellar 653:660 Our results show that (1) the PCL-PM sheet can disperse hydrophilic compounds uniformly, (2) the molecular state (free or micellar) of a co-existing compound (PEG-b-PCL block copolymers) affects the strength and the inner structures of the sheets, whereas the presence of a co-existing compound affects the flexibility of the sheets, and (3) according to our degradation experiment, hard-to-handle PCL having extremely low hydrolysis could serve as materials with a controllable surface morphology by the effective use of co-existing compounds. 28024593 2 5 dep state 638:642 arg1 2 621:621 2 621:621 2 621:621 Our results show that (1) the PCL-PM sheet can disperse hydrophilic compounds uniformly, (2) the molecular state (free or micellar) of a co-existing compound (PEG-b-PCL block copolymers) affects the strength and the inner structures of the sheets, whereas the presence of a co-existing compound affects the flexibility of the sheets, and (3) according to our degradation experiment, hard-to-handle PCL having extremely low hydrolysis could serve as materials with a controllable surface morphology by the effective use of co-existing compounds. 28024593 2 5 dep state 638:642 arg1 free 645:648 free 645:648 free 645:648 Our results show that (1) the PCL-PM sheet can disperse hydrophilic compounds uniformly, (2) the molecular state (free or micellar) of a co-existing compound (PEG-b-PCL block copolymers) affects the strength and the inner structures of the sheets, whereas the presence of a co-existing compound affects the flexibility of the sheets, and (3) according to our degradation experiment, hard-to-handle PCL having extremely low hydrolysis could serve as materials with a controllable surface morphology by the effective use of co-existing compounds. 28024593 2 6 theme compound 680:687 arg1 state 638:642 the molecular state 624:642 (2) the molecular state (free or micellar) of a co-existing compound (PEG-b-PCL block copolymers) 620:716 Our results show that (1) the PCL-PM sheet can disperse hydrophilic compounds uniformly, (2) the molecular state (free or micellar) of a co-existing compound (PEG-b-PCL block copolymers) affects the strength and the inner structures of the sheets, whereas the presence of a co-existing compound affects the flexibility of the sheets, and (3) according to our degradation experiment, hard-to-handle PCL having extremely low hydrolysis could serve as materials with a controllable surface morphology by the effective use of co-existing compounds. 28024593 2 7 theme molecular 628:636 arg1 state 638:642 the molecular state 624:642 (2) the molecular state (free or micellar) of a co-existing compound (PEG-b-PCL block copolymers) 620:716 Our results show that (1) the PCL-PM sheet can disperse hydrophilic compounds uniformly, (2) the molecular state (free or micellar) of a co-existing compound (PEG-b-PCL block copolymers) affects the strength and the inner structures of the sheets, whereas the presence of a co-existing compound affects the flexibility of the sheets, and (3) according to our degradation experiment, hard-to-handle PCL having extremely low hydrolysis could serve as materials with a controllable surface morphology by the effective use of co-existing compounds. 28024593 2 8 theme co-existing 668:678 arg1 copolymers 706:715 PEG-b-PCL block copolymers 690:715 PEG-b-PCL block copolymers 690:715 Our results show that (1) the PCL-PM sheet can disperse hydrophilic compounds uniformly, (2) the molecular state (free or micellar) of a co-existing compound (PEG-b-PCL block copolymers) affects the strength and the inner structures of the sheets, whereas the presence of a co-existing compound affects the flexibility of the sheets, and (3) according to our degradation experiment, hard-to-handle PCL having extremely low hydrolysis could serve as materials with a controllable surface morphology by the effective use of co-existing compounds. 28024593 2 8 theme co-existing 668:678 arg1 compound 680:687 a co-existing compound 666:687 a co-existing compound (PEG-b-PCL block copolymers) 666:716 Our results show that (1) the PCL-PM sheet can disperse hydrophilic compounds uniformly, (2) the molecular state (free or micellar) of a co-existing compound (PEG-b-PCL block copolymers) affects the strength and the inner structures of the sheets, whereas the presence of a co-existing compound affects the flexibility of the sheets, and (3) according to our degradation experiment, hard-to-handle PCL having extremely low hydrolysis could serve as materials with a controllable surface morphology by the effective use of co-existing compounds. 28024593 3 9 theme polymeric 1168:1176 arg1 micelles 1178:1185 its uniformly dispersed polymeric micelles 1144:1185 its uniformly dispersed polymeric micelles providing hydrophilic spaces 1144:1214 The results obtained in this paper show that the PCL-CM sheet, with its uniformly dispersed polymeric micelles providing hydrophilic spaces, could be an effective biomaterial platform for incorporating hydrophilic polymers. 28024593 1 10 theme sheet 291:295 arg1 types 217:221 three types 211:221 three types of sheets-the PCL sheet, the PCL-BC (PCL-block copolymer composite) sheet, and the PCL-PM (PCL-polymeric micelle composite) sheet-can 211:355 In the present paper, we clarify the effects that the composition of three types of sheets-the PCL sheet, the PCL-BC (PCL-block copolymer composite) sheet, and the PCL-PM (PCL-polymeric micelle composite) sheet-can have on (1) the sheets' inner structure, (2) the dispersity of hydrophilic compounds in the sheets, (3) the sheets' mechanical properties, and (4) the sheets' degradability. 28024593 1 11 theme hydrophilic 420:430 arg1 compounds 432:440 hydrophilic compounds 420:440 hydrophilic compounds 420:440 In the present paper, we clarify the effects that the composition of three types of sheets-the PCL sheet, the PCL-BC (PCL-block copolymer composite) sheet, and the PCL-PM (PCL-polymeric micelle composite) sheet-can have on (1) the sheets' inner structure, (2) the dispersity of hydrophilic compounds in the sheets, (3) the sheets' mechanical properties, and (4) the sheets' degradability. 28024593 1 12 theme types 217:221 arg1 composition 196:206 the composition 192:206 the composition of three types of sheets-the PCL sheet, the PCL-BC (PCL-block copolymer composite) sheet, and the PCL-PM (PCL-polymeric micelle composite) sheet-can 192:355 In the present paper, we clarify the effects that the composition of three types of sheets-the PCL sheet, the PCL-BC (PCL-block copolymer composite) sheet, and the PCL-PM (PCL-polymeric micelle composite) sheet-can have on (1) the sheets' inner structure, (2) the dispersity of hydrophilic compounds in the sheets, (3) the sheets' mechanical properties, and (4) the sheets' degradability. 28024593 0 13 theme inner 83:87 arg1 structures 89:98 inner structures 83:98 inner structures 83:98 Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) hybrid sheets containing polymeric micelles: Effects of inner structures on the material properties of the sheets. 28024593 1 14 theme compounds 432:440 arg1 dispersity 406:415 the dispersity 402:415 (2) the dispersity of hydrophilic compounds in the sheets 398:454 In the present paper, we clarify the effects that the composition of three types of sheets-the PCL sheet, the PCL-BC (PCL-block copolymer composite) sheet, and the PCL-PM (PCL-polymeric micelle composite) sheet-can have on (1) the sheets' inner structure, (2) the dispersity of hydrophilic compounds in the sheets, (3) the sheets' mechanical properties, and (4) the sheets' degradability. 28024593 1 15 from dispersity 406:415 arg1 sheets 449:454 the sheets 445:454 the sheets 445:454 In the present paper, we clarify the effects that the composition of three types of sheets-the PCL sheet, the PCL-BC (PCL-block copolymer composite) sheet, and the PCL-PM (PCL-polymeric micelle composite) sheet-can have on (1) the sheets' inner structure, (2) the dispersity of hydrophilic compounds in the sheets, (3) the sheets' mechanical properties, and (4) the sheets' degradability. 28024593 2 16 theme sheets 771:776 arg1 structures 753:762 the inner structures 743:762 the inner structures of the sheets 743:776 Our results show that (1) the PCL-PM sheet can disperse hydrophilic compounds uniformly, (2) the molecular state (free or micellar) of a co-existing compound (PEG-b-PCL block copolymers) affects the strength and the inner structures of the sheets, whereas the presence of a co-existing compound affects the flexibility of the sheets, and (3) according to our degradation experiment, hard-to-handle PCL having extremely low hydrolysis could serve as materials with a controllable surface morphology by the effective use of co-existing compounds. 28024593 2 16 theme sheets 771:776 arg1 strength 730:737 the strength 726:737 the strength 726:737 Our results show that (1) the PCL-PM sheet can disperse hydrophilic compounds uniformly, (2) the molecular state (free or micellar) of a co-existing compound (PEG-b-PCL block copolymers) affects the strength and the inner structures of the sheets, whereas the presence of a co-existing compound affects the flexibility of the sheets, and (3) according to our degradation experiment, hard-to-handle PCL having extremely low hydrolysis could serve as materials with a controllable surface morphology by the effective use of co-existing compounds. 28024593 1 17 dep structure 387:395 arg1 1 366:366 1 366:366 1 366:366 In the present paper, we clarify the effects that the composition of three types of sheets-the PCL sheet, the PCL-BC (PCL-block copolymer composite) sheet, and the PCL-PM (PCL-polymeric micelle composite) sheet-can have on (1) the sheets' inner structure, (2) the dispersity of hydrophilic compounds in the sheets, (3) the sheets' mechanical properties, and (4) the sheets' degradability. 28024593 1 17 dep structure 387:395 arg1 degradability 516:528 degradability 516:528 degradability 516:528 In the present paper, we clarify the effects that the composition of three types of sheets-the PCL sheet, the PCL-BC (PCL-block copolymer composite) sheet, and the PCL-PM (PCL-polymeric micelle composite) sheet-can have on (1) the sheets' inner structure, (2) the dispersity of hydrophilic compounds in the sheets, (3) the sheets' mechanical properties, and (4) the sheets' degradability. 28024593 1 17 dep structure 387:395 arg1 sheets 508:513 the sheets' 504:514 the sheets' 504:514 In the present paper, we clarify the effects that the composition of three types of sheets-the PCL sheet, the PCL-BC (PCL-block copolymer composite) sheet, and the PCL-PM (PCL-polymeric micelle composite) sheet-can have on (1) the sheets' inner structure, (2) the dispersity of hydrophilic compounds in the sheets, (3) the sheets' mechanical properties, and (4) the sheets' degradability. 28024593 1 17 dep structure 387:395 arg1 have 357:360 have 357:360 have 357:360 In the present paper, we clarify the effects that the composition of three types of sheets-the PCL sheet, the PCL-BC (PCL-block copolymer composite) sheet, and the PCL-PM (PCL-polymeric micelle composite) sheet-can have on (1) the sheets' inner structure, (2) the dispersity of hydrophilic compounds in the sheets, (3) the sheets' mechanical properties, and (4) the sheets' degradability. 28024593 2 18 theme co-existing 1053:1063 arg1 compounds 1065:1073 co-existing compounds 1053:1073 co-existing compounds 1053:1073 Our results show that (1) the PCL-PM sheet can disperse hydrophilic compounds uniformly, (2) the molecular state (free or micellar) of a co-existing compound (PEG-b-PCL block copolymers) affects the strength and the inner structures of the sheets, whereas the presence of a co-existing compound affects the flexibility of the sheets, and (3) according to our degradation experiment, hard-to-handle PCL having extremely low hydrolysis could serve as materials with a controllable surface morphology by the effective use of co-existing compounds. 28024593 2 19 theme PEG-b-PCL 690:698 arg1 copolymers 706:715 PEG-b-PCL block copolymers 690:715 PEG-b-PCL block copolymers 690:715 Our results show that (1) the PCL-PM sheet can disperse hydrophilic compounds uniformly, (2) the molecular state (free or micellar) of a co-existing compound (PEG-b-PCL block copolymers) affects the strength and the inner structures of the sheets, whereas the presence of a co-existing compound affects the flexibility of the sheets, and (3) according to our degradation experiment, hard-to-handle PCL having extremely low hydrolysis could serve as materials with a controllable surface morphology by the effective use of co-existing compounds. 28024593 2 19 theme PEG-b-PCL 690:698 arg1 compound 680:687 a co-existing compound 666:687 a co-existing compound (PEG-b-PCL block copolymers) 666:716 Our results show that (1) the PCL-PM sheet can disperse hydrophilic compounds uniformly, (2) the molecular state (free or micellar) of a co-existing compound (PEG-b-PCL block copolymers) affects the strength and the inner structures of the sheets, whereas the presence of a co-existing compound affects the flexibility of the sheets, and (3) according to our degradation experiment, hard-to-handle PCL having extremely low hydrolysis could serve as materials with a controllable surface morphology by the effective use of co-existing compounds. 28024593 2 20 dep affects 718:724 arg1 whereas 779:785 whereas 779:785 whereas 779:785 Our results show that (1) the PCL-PM sheet can disperse hydrophilic compounds uniformly, (2) the molecular state (free or micellar) of a co-existing compound (PEG-b-PCL block copolymers) affects the strength and the inner structures of the sheets, whereas the presence of a co-existing compound affects the flexibility of the sheets, and (3) according to our degradation experiment, hard-to-handle PCL having extremely low hydrolysis could serve as materials with a controllable surface morphology by the effective use of co-existing compounds. 28024593 2 21 theme hard-to-handle 914:927 arg1 PCL 929:931 hard-to-handle PCL 914:931 hard-to-handle PCL having extremely low hydrolysis 914:963 Our results show that (1) the PCL-PM sheet can disperse hydrophilic compounds uniformly, (2) the molecular state (free or micellar) of a co-existing compound (PEG-b-PCL block copolymers) affects the strength and the inner structures of the sheets, whereas the presence of a co-existing compound affects the flexibility of the sheets, and (3) according to our degradation experiment, hard-to-handle PCL having extremely low hydrolysis could serve as materials with a controllable surface morphology by the effective use of co-existing compounds. 28024593 2 21 theme hard-to-handle 914:927 arg1 materials 980:988 materials 980:988 materials with a controllable surface morphology by the effective use of co-existing compounds 980:1073 Our results show that (1) the PCL-PM sheet can disperse hydrophilic compounds uniformly, (2) the molecular state (free or micellar) of a co-existing compound (PEG-b-PCL block copolymers) affects the strength and the inner structures of the sheets, whereas the presence of a co-existing compound affects the flexibility of the sheets, and (3) according to our degradation experiment, hard-to-handle PCL having extremely low hydrolysis could serve as materials with a controllable surface morphology by the effective use of co-existing compounds. 28024593 2 22 theme PCL-PM 561:566 arg1 sheet 568:572 the PCL-PM sheet 557:572 the PCL-PM sheet 557:572 Our results show that (1) the PCL-PM sheet can disperse hydrophilic compounds uniformly, (2) the molecular state (free or micellar) of a co-existing compound (PEG-b-PCL block copolymers) affects the strength and the inner structures of the sheets, whereas the presence of a co-existing compound affects the flexibility of the sheets, and (3) according to our degradation experiment, hard-to-handle PCL having extremely low hydrolysis could serve as materials with a controllable surface morphology by the effective use of co-existing compounds. 28024593 2 23 with materials 980:988 arg1 morphology 1018:1027 a controllable surface morphology 995:1027 a controllable surface morphology by the effective use of co-existing compounds 995:1073 Our results show that (1) the PCL-PM sheet can disperse hydrophilic compounds uniformly, (2) the molecular state (free or micellar) of a co-existing compound (PEG-b-PCL block copolymers) affects the strength and the inner structures of the sheets, whereas the presence of a co-existing compound affects the flexibility of the sheets, and (3) according to our degradation experiment, hard-to-handle PCL having extremely low hydrolysis could serve as materials with a controllable surface morphology by the effective use of co-existing compounds. 28024593 0 24 theme Poly 0:3 arg1 sheets 34:39 Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) hybrid sheets 0:39 Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) hybrid sheets 0:39 Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) hybrid sheets containing polymeric micelles: Effects of inner structures on the material properties of the sheets. 28024593 2 25 theme block 700:704 arg1 copolymers 706:715 PEG-b-PCL block copolymers 690:715 PEG-b-PCL block copolymers 690:715 Our results show that (1) the PCL-PM sheet can disperse hydrophilic compounds uniformly, (2) the molecular state (free or micellar) of a co-existing compound (PEG-b-PCL block copolymers) affects the strength and the inner structures of the sheets, whereas the presence of a co-existing compound affects the flexibility of the sheets, and (3) according to our degradation experiment, hard-to-handle PCL having extremely low hydrolysis could serve as materials with a controllable surface morphology by the effective use of co-existing compounds. 28024593 2 25 theme block 700:704 arg1 compound 680:687 a co-existing compound 666:687 a co-existing compound (PEG-b-PCL block copolymers) 666:716 Our results show that (1) the PCL-PM sheet can disperse hydrophilic compounds uniformly, (2) the molecular state (free or micellar) of a co-existing compound (PEG-b-PCL block copolymers) affects the strength and the inner structures of the sheets, whereas the presence of a co-existing compound affects the flexibility of the sheets, and (3) according to our degradation experiment, hard-to-handle PCL having extremely low hydrolysis could serve as materials with a controllable surface morphology by the effective use of co-existing compounds. 28024593 1 26 dep dispersity 406:415 arg1 2 399:399 2 399:399 2 399:399 In the present paper, we clarify the effects that the composition of three types of sheets-the PCL sheet, the PCL-BC (PCL-block copolymer composite) sheet, and the PCL-PM (PCL-polymeric micelle composite) sheet-can have on (1) the sheets' inner structure, (2) the dispersity of hydrophilic compounds in the sheets, (3) the sheets' mechanical properties, and (4) the sheets' degradability. 28024593 1 27 theme present 149:155 arg1 paper 157:161 the present paper 145:161 the present paper 145:161 In the present paper, we clarify the effects that the composition of three types of sheets-the PCL sheet, the PCL-BC (PCL-block copolymer composite) sheet, and the PCL-PM (PCL-polymeric micelle composite) sheet-can have on (1) the sheets' inner structure, (2) the dispersity of hydrophilic compounds in the sheets, (3) the sheets' mechanical properties, and (4) the sheets' degradability. 28024593 1 28 theme sheets-the 226:235 arg1 sheet 241:245 sheets-the PCL sheet 226:245 sheets-the PCL sheet 226:245 In the present paper, we clarify the effects that the composition of three types of sheets-the PCL sheet, the PCL-BC (PCL-block copolymer composite) sheet, and the PCL-PM (PCL-polymeric micelle composite) sheet-can have on (1) the sheets' inner structure, (2) the dispersity of hydrophilic compounds in the sheets, (3) the sheets' mechanical properties, and (4) the sheets' degradability. 28024593 1 29 theme inner 381:385 arg1 structure 387:395 the sheets' inner structure 369:395 (1) the sheets' inner structure 365:395 In the present paper, we clarify the effects that the composition of three types of sheets-the PCL sheet, the PCL-BC (PCL-block copolymer composite) sheet, and the PCL-PM (PCL-polymeric micelle composite) sheet-can have on (1) the sheets' inner structure, (2) the dispersity of hydrophilic compounds in the sheets, (3) the sheets' mechanical properties, and (4) the sheets' degradability. 28024593 0 30 dep containing 41:50 arg1 Effects 72:78 Effects 72:78 Effects of inner structures on the material properties of the sheets 72:139 Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) hybrid sheets containing polymeric micelles: Effects of inner structures on the material properties of the sheets. 28024593 2 31 theme effective 1036:1044 arg1 use 1046:1048 the effective use 1032:1048 the effective use of co-existing compounds 1032:1073 Our results show that (1) the PCL-PM sheet can disperse hydrophilic compounds uniformly, (2) the molecular state (free or micellar) of a co-existing compound (PEG-b-PCL block copolymers) affects the strength and the inner structures of the sheets, whereas the presence of a co-existing compound affects the flexibility of the sheets, and (3) according to our degradation experiment, hard-to-handle PCL having extremely low hydrolysis could serve as materials with a controllable surface morphology by the effective use of co-existing compounds. 28024593 1 32 theme PCL 237:239 arg1 sheet 241:245 sheets-the PCL sheet 226:245 sheets-the PCL sheet 226:245 In the present paper, we clarify the effects that the composition of three types of sheets-the PCL sheet, the PCL-BC (PCL-block copolymer composite) sheet, and the PCL-PM (PCL-polymeric micelle composite) sheet-can have on (1) the sheets' inner structure, (2) the dispersity of hydrophilic compounds in the sheets, (3) the sheets' mechanical properties, and (4) the sheets' degradability. 28024593 0 33 theme structures 89:98 arg1 Effects 72:78 Effects 72:78 Effects of inner structures on the material properties of the sheets 72:139 Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) hybrid sheets containing polymeric micelles: Effects of inner structures on the material properties of the sheets. 28024593 1 34 theme PCL-PM 306:311 arg1 sheet-can 347:355 the PCL-PM (PCL-polymeric micelle composite) sheet-can 302:355 the PCL-PM (PCL-polymeric micelle composite) sheet-can 302:355 In the present paper, we clarify the effects that the composition of three types of sheets-the PCL sheet, the PCL-BC (PCL-block copolymer composite) sheet, and the PCL-PM (PCL-polymeric micelle composite) sheet-can have on (1) the sheets' inner structure, (2) the dispersity of hydrophilic compounds in the sheets, (3) the sheets' mechanical properties, and (4) the sheets' degradability. 28024593 1 34 theme PCL-PM 306:311 arg1 composite 336:344 PCL-polymeric micelle composite 314:344 PCL-polymeric micelle composite 314:344 In the present paper, we clarify the effects that the composition of three types of sheets-the PCL sheet, the PCL-BC (PCL-block copolymer composite) sheet, and the PCL-PM (PCL-polymeric micelle composite) sheet-can have on (1) the sheets' inner structure, (2) the dispersity of hydrophilic compounds in the sheets, (3) the sheets' mechanical properties, and (4) the sheets' degradability. 28024593 2 35 theme degradation 890:900 arg1 experiment 902:911 our degradation experiment 886:911 our degradation experiment 886:911 Our results show that (1) the PCL-PM sheet can disperse hydrophilic compounds uniformly, (2) the molecular state (free or micellar) of a co-existing compound (PEG-b-PCL block copolymers) affects the strength and the inner structures of the sheets, whereas the presence of a co-existing compound affects the flexibility of the sheets, and (3) according to our degradation experiment, hard-to-handle PCL having extremely low hydrolysis could serve as materials with a controllable surface morphology by the effective use of co-existing compounds. 28024593 3 36 with sheet 1132:1136 arg1 micelles 1178:1185 its uniformly dispersed polymeric micelles 1144:1185 its uniformly dispersed polymeric micelles providing hydrophilic spaces 1144:1214 The results obtained in this paper show that the PCL-CM sheet, with its uniformly dispersed polymeric micelles providing hydrophilic spaces, could be an effective biomaterial platform for incorporating hydrophilic polymers. 28024593 1 37 theme sheet 241:245 arg1 types 217:221 three types 211:221 three types of sheets-the PCL sheet, the PCL-BC (PCL-block copolymer composite) sheet, and the PCL-PM (PCL-polymeric micelle composite) sheet-can 211:355 In the present paper, we clarify the effects that the composition of three types of sheets-the PCL sheet, the PCL-BC (PCL-block copolymer composite) sheet, and the PCL-PM (PCL-polymeric micelle composite) sheet-can have on (1) the sheets' inner structure, (2) the dispersity of hydrophilic compounds in the sheets, (3) the sheets' mechanical properties, and (4) the sheets' degradability. 28024593 0 38 theme material 107:114 arg1 properties 116:125 the material properties 103:125 the material properties of the sheets 103:139 Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) hybrid sheets containing polymeric micelles: Effects of inner structures on the material properties of the sheets. 28024593 3 39 theme hydrophilic 1278:1288 arg1 polymers 1290:1297 hydrophilic polymers 1278:1297 hydrophilic polymers 1278:1297 The results obtained in this paper show that the PCL-CM sheet, with its uniformly dispersed polymeric micelles providing hydrophilic spaces, could be an effective biomaterial platform for incorporating hydrophilic polymers. 28024593 2 40 theme sheets 857:862 arg1 flexibility 838:848 the flexibility 834:848 the flexibility of the sheets 834:862 Our results show that (1) the PCL-PM sheet can disperse hydrophilic compounds uniformly, (2) the molecular state (free or micellar) of a co-existing compound (PEG-b-PCL block copolymers) affects the strength and the inner structures of the sheets, whereas the presence of a co-existing compound affects the flexibility of the sheets, and (3) according to our degradation experiment, hard-to-handle PCL having extremely low hydrolysis could serve as materials with a controllable surface morphology by the effective use of co-existing compounds. 28024593 2 41 theme hydrophilic 587:597 arg1 compounds 599:607 hydrophilic compounds 587:607 hydrophilic compounds 587:607 Our results show that (1) the PCL-PM sheet can disperse hydrophilic compounds uniformly, (2) the molecular state (free or micellar) of a co-existing compound (PEG-b-PCL block copolymers) affects the strength and the inner structures of the sheets, whereas the presence of a co-existing compound affects the flexibility of the sheets, and (3) according to our degradation experiment, hard-to-handle PCL having extremely low hydrolysis could serve as materials with a controllable surface morphology by the effective use of co-existing compounds. 28024593 2 42 theme controllable 997:1008 arg1 morphology 1018:1027 a controllable surface morphology 995:1027 a controllable surface morphology by the effective use of co-existing compounds 995:1073 Our results show that (1) the PCL-PM sheet can disperse hydrophilic compounds uniformly, (2) the molecular state (free or micellar) of a co-existing compound (PEG-b-PCL block copolymers) affects the strength and the inner structures of the sheets, whereas the presence of a co-existing compound affects the flexibility of the sheets, and (3) according to our degradation experiment, hard-to-handle PCL having extremely low hydrolysis could serve as materials with a controllable surface morphology by the effective use of co-existing compounds. 28024593 3 43 theme dispersed 1158:1166 arg1 micelles 1178:1185 its uniformly dispersed polymeric micelles 1144:1185 its uniformly dispersed polymeric micelles providing hydrophilic spaces 1144:1214 The results obtained in this paper show that the PCL-CM sheet, with its uniformly dispersed polymeric micelles providing hydrophilic spaces, could be an effective biomaterial platform for incorporating hydrophilic polymers. 28024593 1 44 theme PCL-polymeric 314:326 arg1 sheet-can 347:355 the PCL-PM (PCL-polymeric micelle composite) sheet-can 302:355 the PCL-PM (PCL-polymeric micelle composite) sheet-can 302:355 In the present paper, we clarify the effects that the composition of three types of sheets-the PCL sheet, the PCL-BC (PCL-block copolymer composite) sheet, and the PCL-PM (PCL-polymeric micelle composite) sheet-can have on (1) the sheets' inner structure, (2) the dispersity of hydrophilic compounds in the sheets, (3) the sheets' mechanical properties, and (4) the sheets' degradability. 28024593 1 44 theme PCL-polymeric 314:326 arg1 composite 336:344 PCL-polymeric micelle composite 314:344 PCL-polymeric micelle composite 314:344 In the present paper, we clarify the effects that the composition of three types of sheets-the PCL sheet, the PCL-BC (PCL-block copolymer composite) sheet, and the PCL-PM (PCL-polymeric micelle composite) sheet-can have on (1) the sheets' inner structure, (2) the dispersity of hydrophilic compounds in the sheets, (3) the sheets' mechanical properties, and (4) the sheets' degradability. 28024593 2 45 theme surface 1010:1016 arg1 morphology 1018:1027 a controllable surface morphology 995:1027 a controllable surface morphology by the effective use of co-existing compounds 995:1073 Our results show that (1) the PCL-PM sheet can disperse hydrophilic compounds uniformly, (2) the molecular state (free or micellar) of a co-existing compound (PEG-b-PCL block copolymers) affects the strength and the inner structures of the sheets, whereas the presence of a co-existing compound affects the flexibility of the sheets, and (3) according to our degradation experiment, hard-to-handle PCL having extremely low hydrolysis could serve as materials with a controllable surface morphology by the effective use of co-existing compounds. 28024593 0 46 theme hybrid 27:32 arg1 sheets 34:39 Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) hybrid sheets 0:39 Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) hybrid sheets 0:39 Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) hybrid sheets containing polymeric micelles: Effects of inner structures on the material properties of the sheets. 28024593 1 47 theme micelle 328:334 arg1 sheet-can 347:355 the PCL-PM (PCL-polymeric micelle composite) sheet-can 302:355 the PCL-PM (PCL-polymeric micelle composite) sheet-can 302:355 In the present paper, we clarify the effects that the composition of three types of sheets-the PCL sheet, the PCL-BC (PCL-block copolymer composite) sheet, and the PCL-PM (PCL-polymeric micelle composite) sheet-can have on (1) the sheets' inner structure, (2) the dispersity of hydrophilic compounds in the sheets, (3) the sheets' mechanical properties, and (4) the sheets' degradability. 28024593 1 47 theme micelle 328:334 arg1 composite 336:344 PCL-polymeric micelle composite 314:344 PCL-polymeric micelle composite 314:344 In the present paper, we clarify the effects that the composition of three types of sheets-the PCL sheet, the PCL-BC (PCL-block copolymer composite) sheet, and the PCL-PM (PCL-polymeric micelle composite) sheet-can have on (1) the sheets' inner structure, (2) the dispersity of hydrophilic compounds in the sheets, (3) the sheets' mechanical properties, and (4) the sheets' degradability. 28024593 2 48 theme low 950:952 arg1 hydrolysis 954:963 extremely low hydrolysis 940:963 extremely low hydrolysis 940:963 Our results show that (1) the PCL-PM sheet can disperse hydrophilic compounds uniformly, (2) the molecular state (free or micellar) of a co-existing compound (PEG-b-PCL block copolymers) affects the strength and the inner structures of the sheets, whereas the presence of a co-existing compound affects the flexibility of the sheets, and (3) according to our degradation experiment, hard-to-handle PCL having extremely low hydrolysis could serve as materials with a controllable surface morphology by the effective use of co-existing compounds. 28024593 2 49 theme compounds 1065:1073 arg1 use 1046:1048 the effective use 1032:1048 the effective use of co-existing compounds 1032:1073 Our results show that (1) the PCL-PM sheet can disperse hydrophilic compounds uniformly, (2) the molecular state (free or micellar) of a co-existing compound (PEG-b-PCL block copolymers) affects the strength and the inner structures of the sheets, whereas the presence of a co-existing compound affects the flexibility of the sheets, and (3) according to our degradation experiment, hard-to-handle PCL having extremely low hydrolysis could serve as materials with a controllable surface morphology by the effective use of co-existing compounds. 28024593 1 50 theme PCL-BC 252:257 arg1 sheet 291:295 the PCL-BC (PCL-block copolymer composite) sheet 248:295 the PCL-BC (PCL-block copolymer composite) sheet 248:295 In the present paper, we clarify the effects that the composition of three types of sheets-the PCL sheet, the PCL-BC (PCL-block copolymer composite) sheet, and the PCL-PM (PCL-polymeric micelle composite) sheet-can have on (1) the sheets' inner structure, (2) the dispersity of hydrophilic compounds in the sheets, (3) the sheets' mechanical properties, and (4) the sheets' degradability. 28024593 3 51 theme hydrophilic 1197:1207 arg1 spaces 1209:1214 hydrophilic spaces 1197:1214 hydrophilic spaces 1197:1214 The results obtained in this paper show that the PCL-CM sheet, with its uniformly dispersed polymeric micelles providing hydrophilic spaces, could be an effective biomaterial platform for incorporating hydrophilic polymers. 28024593 3 52 theme biomaterial 1239:1249 arg1 sheet 1132:1136 the PCL-CM sheet 1121:1136 the PCL-CM sheet 1121:1136 The results obtained in this paper show that the PCL-CM sheet, with its uniformly dispersed polymeric micelles providing hydrophilic spaces, could be an effective biomaterial platform for incorporating hydrophilic polymers. 28024593 3 52 theme biomaterial 1239:1249 arg1 platform 1251:1258 an effective biomaterial platform 1226:1258 an effective biomaterial platform for incorporating hydrophilic polymers 1226:1297 The results obtained in this paper show that the PCL-CM sheet, with its uniformly dispersed polymeric micelles providing hydrophilic spaces, could be an effective biomaterial platform for incorporating hydrophilic polymers. 28024593 1 53 dep properties 484:493 arg1 3 458:458 3 458:458 3 458:458 In the present paper, we clarify the effects that the composition of three types of sheets-the PCL sheet, the PCL-BC (PCL-block copolymer composite) sheet, and the PCL-PM (PCL-polymeric micelle composite) sheet-can have on (1) the sheets' inner structure, (2) the dispersity of hydrophilic compounds in the sheets, (3) the sheets' mechanical properties, and (4) the sheets' degradability. 28024593 0 54 theme sheets 134:139 arg1 properties 116:125 the material properties 103:125 the material properties of the sheets 103:139 Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) hybrid sheets containing polymeric micelles: Effects of inner structures on the material properties of the sheets. 28024593 0 55 from Effects 72:78 arg1 properties 116:125 the material properties 103:125 the material properties of the sheets 103:139 Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) hybrid sheets containing polymeric micelles: Effects of inner structures on the material properties of the sheets. 28024593 3 56 theme effective 1229:1237 arg1 sheet 1132:1136 the PCL-CM sheet 1121:1136 the PCL-CM sheet 1121:1136 The results obtained in this paper show that the PCL-CM sheet, with its uniformly dispersed polymeric micelles providing hydrophilic spaces, could be an effective biomaterial platform for incorporating hydrophilic polymers. 28024593 3 56 theme effective 1229:1237 arg1 platform 1251:1258 an effective biomaterial platform 1226:1258 an effective biomaterial platform for incorporating hydrophilic polymers 1226:1297 The results obtained in this paper show that the PCL-CM sheet, with its uniformly dispersed polymeric micelles providing hydrophilic spaces, could be an effective biomaterial platform for incorporating hydrophilic polymers. 28024593 2 57 theme co-existing 805:815 arg1 compound 817:824 a co-existing compound 803:824 a co-existing compound 803:824 Our results show that (1) the PCL-PM sheet can disperse hydrophilic compounds uniformly, (2) the molecular state (free or micellar) of a co-existing compound (PEG-b-PCL block copolymers) affects the strength and the inner structures of the sheets, whereas the presence of a co-existing compound affects the flexibility of the sheets, and (3) according to our degradation experiment, hard-to-handle PCL having extremely low hydrolysis could serve as materials with a controllable surface morphology by the effective use of co-existing compounds. 28024593 2 58 dep according 873:881 arg1 3 870:870 3 870:870 3 870:870 Our results show that (1) the PCL-PM sheet can disperse hydrophilic compounds uniformly, (2) the molecular state (free or micellar) of a co-existing compound (PEG-b-PCL block copolymers) affects the strength and the inner structures of the sheets, whereas the presence of a co-existing compound affects the flexibility of the sheets, and (3) according to our degradation experiment, hard-to-handle PCL having extremely low hydrolysis could serve as materials with a controllable surface morphology by the effective use of co-existing compounds. 28024593 2 59 theme compound 817:824 arg1 presence 791:798 the presence 787:798 the presence of a co-existing compound 787:824 Our results show that (1) the PCL-PM sheet can disperse hydrophilic compounds uniformly, (2) the molecular state (free or micellar) of a co-existing compound (PEG-b-PCL block copolymers) affects the strength and the inner structures of the sheets, whereas the presence of a co-existing compound affects the flexibility of the sheets, and (3) according to our degradation experiment, hard-to-handle PCL having extremely low hydrolysis could serve as materials with a controllable surface morphology by the effective use of co-existing compounds. 28024593 1 60 theme PCL-block 260:268 arg1 composite 280:288 PCL-block copolymer composite 260:288 PCL-block copolymer composite 260:288 In the present paper, we clarify the effects that the composition of three types of sheets-the PCL sheet, the PCL-BC (PCL-block copolymer composite) sheet, and the PCL-PM (PCL-polymeric micelle composite) sheet-can have on (1) the sheets' inner structure, (2) the dispersity of hydrophilic compounds in the sheets, (3) the sheets' mechanical properties, and (4) the sheets' degradability. 28024593 1 60 theme PCL-block 260:268 arg1 PCL-BC 252:257 the PCL-BC 248:257 the PCL-BC (PCL-block copolymer composite) sheet 248:295 In the present paper, we clarify the effects that the composition of three types of sheets-the PCL sheet, the PCL-BC (PCL-block copolymer composite) sheet, and the PCL-PM (PCL-polymeric micelle composite) sheet-can have on (1) the sheets' inner structure, (2) the dispersity of hydrophilic compounds in the sheets, (3) the sheets' mechanical properties, and (4) the sheets' degradability. 28024593 2 61 dep disperse 578:585 arg1 1 554:554 1 554:554 1 554:554 Our results show that (1) the PCL-PM sheet can disperse hydrophilic compounds uniformly, (2) the molecular state (free or micellar) of a co-existing compound (PEG-b-PCL block copolymers) affects the strength and the inner structures of the sheets, whereas the presence of a co-existing compound affects the flexibility of the sheets, and (3) according to our degradation experiment, hard-to-handle PCL having extremely low hydrolysis could serve as materials with a controllable surface morphology by the effective use of co-existing compounds. 28024593 3 62 theme PCL-CM 1125:1130 arg1 sheet 1132:1136 the PCL-CM sheet 1121:1136 the PCL-CM sheet 1121:1136 The results obtained in this paper show that the PCL-CM sheet, with its uniformly dispersed polymeric micelles providing hydrophilic spaces, could be an effective biomaterial platform for incorporating hydrophilic polymers. 28024593 3 62 theme PCL-CM 1125:1130 arg1 platform 1251:1258 an effective biomaterial platform 1226:1258 an effective biomaterial platform for incorporating hydrophilic polymers 1226:1297 The results obtained in this paper show that the PCL-CM sheet, with its uniformly dispersed polymeric micelles providing hydrophilic spaces, could be an effective biomaterial platform for incorporating hydrophilic polymers. 28024593 1 63 theme mechanical 473:482 arg1 properties 484:493 (3) the sheets' mechanical properties 457:493 (3) the sheets' mechanical properties 457:493 In the present paper, we clarify the effects that the composition of three types of sheets-the PCL sheet, the PCL-BC (PCL-block copolymer composite) sheet, and the PCL-PM (PCL-polymeric micelle composite) sheet-can have on (1) the sheets' inner structure, (2) the dispersity of hydrophilic compounds in the sheets, (3) the sheets' mechanical properties, and (4) the sheets' degradability. 24607181 0 0 theme Alfa 94:97 arg1 fibres 99:104 Alfa fibres 94:104 Alfa fibres 94:104 Physico-chemical properties and thermal stability of microcrystalline cellulose isolated from Alfa fibres. 24607181 6 1 theme potential 829:837 arg1 use 839:841 tremendous potential use 818:841 tremendous potential use 818:841 Based on these analyses, Alfa-MCC showed tremendous potential use as composites reinforcing agent, foods stabilizer and pharmaceutical additive. 24607181 5 2 theme thermal 735:741 arg1 stability 743:751 a good thermal stability 728:751 a good thermal stability 728:751 Furthermore, a good thermal stability was shown for Alfa-MCC. 24607181 6 3 theme tremendous 818:827 arg1 use 839:841 tremendous potential use 818:841 tremendous potential use 818:841 Based on these analyses, Alfa-MCC showed tremendous potential use as composites reinforcing agent, foods stabilizer and pharmaceutical additive. 24607181 2 4 theme permeation 289:298 arg1 chromatography 300:313 gel permeation chromatography 285:313 gel permeation chromatography 285:313 The molecular weight of the cellulose samples was determined by gel permeation chromatography. 24607181 4 5 theme celluloses 602:611 arg1 morphology 584:593 The morphology 580:593 The morphology of the celluloses 580:611 The morphology of the celluloses was investigated using scanning electron microscopy, showing a compact structure and a rough surface. 24607181 2 6 theme gel 285:287 arg1 chromatography 300:313 gel permeation chromatography 285:313 gel permeation chromatography 285:313 The molecular weight of the cellulose samples was determined by gel permeation chromatography. 24607181 4 7 theme electron 645:652 arg1 microscopy 654:663 scanning electron microscopy 636:663 scanning electron microscopy 636:663 The morphology of the celluloses was investigated using scanning electron microscopy, showing a compact structure and a rough surface. 24607181 3 8 theme native 536:541 arg1 cellulose 543:551 the native cellulose 532:551 the native cellulose isolated from Alfa fibres 532:577 The crystallinities were studied by means of X-ray diffraction and solid state cross polarization magic angle spinning (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, revealing that Alfa-MCC was more crystalline than the native cellulose isolated from Alfa fibres. 24607181 3 9 theme C 439:439 arg1 spectroscopy 468:479 (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 435:479 (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 435:479 The crystallinities were studied by means of X-ray diffraction and solid state cross polarization magic angle spinning (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, revealing that Alfa-MCC was more crystalline than the native cellulose isolated from Alfa fibres. 24607181 3 10 theme X-ray 361:365 arg1 diffraction 367:377 X-ray diffraction 361:377 X-ray diffraction 361:377 The crystallinities were studied by means of X-ray diffraction and solid state cross polarization magic angle spinning (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, revealing that Alfa-MCC was more crystalline than the native cellulose isolated from Alfa fibres. 24607181 3 11 theme polarization 401:412 arg1 angle 420:424 solid state cross polarization magic angle 383:424 solid state cross polarization magic angle spinning (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 383:479 The crystallinities were studied by means of X-ray diffraction and solid state cross polarization magic angle spinning (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, revealing that Alfa-MCC was more crystalline than the native cellulose isolated from Alfa fibres. 24607181 1 12 theme Alfa 179:182 arg1 fibres 184:189 Alfa fibres 179:189 Alfa fibres 179:189 In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (Alfa-MCC) was extracted from Alfa fibres using acid hydrolysis method. 24607181 3 13 theme cross 395:399 arg1 angle 420:424 solid state cross polarization magic angle 383:424 solid state cross polarization magic angle spinning (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 383:479 The crystallinities were studied by means of X-ray diffraction and solid state cross polarization magic angle spinning (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, revealing that Alfa-MCC was more crystalline than the native cellulose isolated from Alfa fibres. 24607181 3 14 theme 13 436:437 arg1 C 439:439 C 439:439 C 439:439 The crystallinities were studied by means of X-ray diffraction and solid state cross polarization magic angle spinning (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, revealing that Alfa-MCC was more crystalline than the native cellulose isolated from Alfa fibres. 24607181 0 15 theme Physico-chemical 0:15 arg1 properties 17:26 Physico-chemical properties 0:26 Physico-chemical properties 0:26 Physico-chemical properties and thermal stability of microcrystalline cellulose isolated from Alfa fibres. 24607181 0 16 theme thermal 32:38 arg1 stability 40:48 thermal stability 32:48 thermal stability 32:48 Physico-chemical properties and thermal stability of microcrystalline cellulose isolated from Alfa fibres. 24607181 3 17 theme Alfa 567:570 arg1 fibres 572:577 Alfa fibres 567:577 Alfa fibres 567:577 The crystallinities were studied by means of X-ray diffraction and solid state cross polarization magic angle spinning (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, revealing that Alfa-MCC was more crystalline than the native cellulose isolated from Alfa fibres. 24607181 3 18 attach isolated 553:560 arg1 fibres 572:577 Alfa fibres 567:577 Alfa fibres 567:577 The crystallinities were studied by means of X-ray diffraction and solid state cross polarization magic angle spinning (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, revealing that Alfa-MCC was more crystalline than the native cellulose isolated from Alfa fibres. 24607181 3 18 attach isolated 553:560 arg2 cellulose 543:551 the native cellulose 532:551 the native cellulose isolated from Alfa fibres 532:577 The crystallinities were studied by means of X-ray diffraction and solid state cross polarization magic angle spinning (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, revealing that Alfa-MCC was more crystalline than the native cellulose isolated from Alfa fibres. 24607181 1 19 theme acid 197:200 arg1 method 213:218 acid hydrolysis method 197:218 acid hydrolysis method 197:218 In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (Alfa-MCC) was extracted from Alfa fibres using acid hydrolysis method. 24607181 3 20 theme state 389:393 arg1 angle 420:424 solid state cross polarization magic angle 383:424 solid state cross polarization magic angle spinning (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 383:479 The crystallinities were studied by means of X-ray diffraction and solid state cross polarization magic angle spinning (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, revealing that Alfa-MCC was more crystalline than the native cellulose isolated from Alfa fibres. 24607181 1 21 theme hydrolysis 202:211 arg1 method 213:218 acid hydrolysis method 197:218 acid hydrolysis method 197:218 In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (Alfa-MCC) was extracted from Alfa fibres using acid hydrolysis method. 24607181 3 22 theme magnetic 449:456 arg1 resonance 458:466 nuclear magnetic resonance 441:466 (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 435:479 The crystallinities were studied by means of X-ray diffraction and solid state cross polarization magic angle spinning (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, revealing that Alfa-MCC was more crystalline than the native cellulose isolated from Alfa fibres. 24607181 4 23 theme compact 676:682 arg1 structure 684:692 a compact structure 674:692 a compact structure 674:692 The morphology of the celluloses was investigated using scanning electron microscopy, showing a compact structure and a rough surface. 24607181 5 24 theme good 730:733 arg1 stability 743:751 a good thermal stability 728:751 a good thermal stability 728:751 Furthermore, a good thermal stability was shown for Alfa-MCC. 24607181 3 25 theme solid 383:387 arg1 angle 420:424 solid state cross polarization magic angle 383:424 solid state cross polarization magic angle spinning (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 383:479 The crystallinities were studied by means of X-ray diffraction and solid state cross polarization magic angle spinning (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, revealing that Alfa-MCC was more crystalline than the native cellulose isolated from Alfa fibres. 24607181 3 26 theme resonance 458:466 arg1 spectroscopy 468:479 (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 435:479 (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 435:479 The crystallinities were studied by means of X-ray diffraction and solid state cross polarization magic angle spinning (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, revealing that Alfa-MCC was more crystalline than the native cellulose isolated from Alfa fibres. 24607181 0 27 theme cellulose 70:78 arg1 properties 17:26 Physico-chemical properties 0:26 Physico-chemical properties 0:26 Physico-chemical properties and thermal stability of microcrystalline cellulose isolated from Alfa fibres. 24607181 0 27 theme cellulose 70:78 arg1 stability 40:48 thermal stability 32:48 thermal stability 32:48 Physico-chemical properties and thermal stability of microcrystalline cellulose isolated from Alfa fibres. 24607181 2 28 theme molecular 225:233 arg1 weight 235:240 The molecular weight 221:240 The molecular weight of the cellulose samples 221:265 The molecular weight of the cellulose samples was determined by gel permeation chromatography. 24607181 0 29 theme microcrystalline 53:68 arg1 cellulose 70:78 microcrystalline cellulose 53:78 microcrystalline cellulose 53:78 Physico-chemical properties and thermal stability of microcrystalline cellulose isolated from Alfa fibres. 24607181 6 30 theme reinforcing 857:867 arg1 agent 869:873 composites reinforcing agent 846:873 composites reinforcing agent 846:873 Based on these analyses, Alfa-MCC showed tremendous potential use as composites reinforcing agent, foods stabilizer and pharmaceutical additive. 24607181 1 31 theme microcrystalline 122:137 arg1 cellulose 139:147 microcrystalline cellulose 122:147 microcrystalline cellulose (Alfa-MCC) 122:158 In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (Alfa-MCC) was extracted from Alfa fibres using acid hydrolysis method. 24607181 1 31 theme microcrystalline 122:137 arg1 Alfa-MCC 150:157 Alfa-MCC 150:157 Alfa-MCC 150:157 In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (Alfa-MCC) was extracted from Alfa fibres using acid hydrolysis method. 24607181 6 32 theme composites 846:855 arg1 agent 869:873 composites reinforcing agent 846:873 composites reinforcing agent 846:873 Based on these analyses, Alfa-MCC showed tremendous potential use as composites reinforcing agent, foods stabilizer and pharmaceutical additive. 24607181 2 33 theme samples 259:265 arg1 weight 235:240 The molecular weight 221:240 The molecular weight of the cellulose samples 221:265 The molecular weight of the cellulose samples was determined by gel permeation chromatography. 24607181 2 34 theme cellulose 249:257 arg1 samples 259:265 the cellulose samples 245:265 the cellulose samples 245:265 The molecular weight of the cellulose samples was determined by gel permeation chromatography. 24607181 4 35 theme rough 700:704 arg1 surface 706:712 a rough surface 698:712 a rough surface 698:712 The morphology of the celluloses was investigated using scanning electron microscopy, showing a compact structure and a rough surface. 24607181 3 36 theme nuclear 441:447 arg1 resonance 458:466 nuclear magnetic resonance 441:466 (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 435:479 The crystallinities were studied by means of X-ray diffraction and solid state cross polarization magic angle spinning (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, revealing that Alfa-MCC was more crystalline than the native cellulose isolated from Alfa fibres. 24607181 4 37 theme scanning 636:643 arg1 microscopy 654:663 scanning electron microscopy 636:663 scanning electron microscopy 636:663 The morphology of the celluloses was investigated using scanning electron microscopy, showing a compact structure and a rough surface. 24607181 3 38 theme magic 414:418 arg1 angle 420:424 solid state cross polarization magic angle 383:424 solid state cross polarization magic angle spinning (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 383:479 The crystallinities were studied by means of X-ray diffraction and solid state cross polarization magic angle spinning (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, revealing that Alfa-MCC was more crystalline than the native cellulose isolated from Alfa fibres. 25288031 1 0 theme ruthenium 154:162 arg1 complexes 181:189 21 ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes 151:189 21 ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes 151:189 The enantiomeric separation of 21 ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes was achieved with a novel class of cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) in the polar organic mode. 25288031 1 1 theme chiral 245:250 arg1 CSPs 271:274 CSPs 271:274 CSPs 271:274 The enantiomeric separation of 21 ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes was achieved with a novel class of cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) in the polar organic mode. 25288031 1 1 theme chiral 245:250 arg1 phases 263:268 cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases 226:268 cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) 226:275 The enantiomeric separation of 21 ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes was achieved with a novel class of cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) in the polar organic mode. 25288031 6 2 theme ruthenium 1030:1038 arg1 complexes 1057:1065 ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes 1030:1065 ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes with cyclofructan chiral stationary phases in the polar organic mode 1030:1134 The separation results indicated that π-π interactions, steric effects, and hydrogen bonding contribute to the enantiomeric separation of ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes with cyclofructan chiral stationary phases in the polar organic mode. 25288031 6 3 theme steric 948:953 arg1 effects 955:961 steric effects 948:961 steric effects 948:961 The separation results indicated that π-π interactions, steric effects, and hydrogen bonding contribute to the enantiomeric separation of ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes with cyclofructan chiral stationary phases in the polar organic mode. 25288031 5 4 dep different 846:854 arg1 polar 856:860 polar 856:860 polar 856:860 The retention factor vs. acetonitrile/methanol ratio plot showed a U-shaped retention curve, indicating that different interactions take place at different polar organic solvent compositions. 25288031 2 5 from derivatives 313:323 arg1 selectors 339:347 the chiral selectors 328:347 the chiral selectors 328:347 Aromatic derivatives on the chiral selectors proved to be essential for enantioselectivity. 25288031 2 6 theme chiral 332:337 arg1 selectors 339:347 the chiral selectors 328:347 the chiral selectors 328:347 Aromatic derivatives on the chiral selectors proved to be essential for enantioselectivity. 25288031 1 7 theme stationary 252:261 arg1 CSPs 271:274 CSPs 271:274 CSPs 271:274 The enantiomeric separation of 21 ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes was achieved with a novel class of cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) in the polar organic mode. 25288031 1 7 theme stationary 252:261 arg1 phases 263:268 cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases 226:268 cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) 226:275 The enantiomeric separation of 21 ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes was achieved with a novel class of cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) in the polar organic mode. 25288031 0 8 theme chiral 94:99 arg1 phases 112:117 cyclofructan chiral stationary phases 81:117 cyclofructan chiral stationary phases 81:117 Enantiomeric separations of ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes using HPLC with cyclofructan chiral stationary phases. 25288031 0 9 with HPLC 71:74 arg1 phases 112:117 cyclofructan chiral stationary phases 81:117 cyclofructan chiral stationary phases 81:117 Enantiomeric separations of ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes using HPLC with cyclofructan chiral stationary phases. 25288031 3 10 theme dimethylphenyl 529:542 arg1 CF7-DMP 577:583 LARIHC CF7-DMP 570:583 LARIHC CF7-DMP 570:583 The R-napthylethyl carbamate functionalized cyclofructan 6 (LARIHC CF6-RN) column proved to be the most effective overall, while the dimethylphenyl carbamate cyclofructan 7 (LARIHC CF7-DMP) showed complementary selectivity. 25288031 3 10 theme dimethylphenyl 529:542 arg1 cyclofructan 554:565 the dimethylphenyl carbamate cyclofructan 7 525:567 the dimethylphenyl carbamate cyclofructan 7 (LARIHC CF7-DMP) 525:584 The R-napthylethyl carbamate functionalized cyclofructan 6 (LARIHC CF6-RN) column proved to be the most effective overall, while the dimethylphenyl carbamate cyclofructan 7 (LARIHC CF7-DMP) showed complementary selectivity. 25288031 6 11 theme chiral 1085:1090 arg1 phases 1103:1108 cyclofructan chiral stationary phases 1072:1108 cyclofructan chiral stationary phases in the polar organic mode 1072:1134 The separation results indicated that π-π interactions, steric effects, and hydrogen bonding contribute to the enantiomeric separation of ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes with cyclofructan chiral stationary phases in the polar organic mode. 25288031 1 12 theme phases 263:268 arg1 class 217:221 a novel class 209:221 a novel class of cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) 209:275 The enantiomeric separation of 21 ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes was achieved with a novel class of cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) in the polar organic mode. 25288031 0 13 theme cyclofructan 81:92 arg1 phases 112:117 cyclofructan chiral stationary phases 81:117 cyclofructan chiral stationary phases 81:117 Enantiomeric separations of ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes using HPLC with cyclofructan chiral stationary phases. 25288031 6 14 theme separation 896:905 arg1 results 907:913 The separation results 892:913 The separation results 892:913 The separation results indicated that π-π interactions, steric effects, and hydrogen bonding contribute to the enantiomeric separation of ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes with cyclofructan chiral stationary phases in the polar organic mode. 25288031 3 15 theme carbamate 544:552 arg1 CF7-DMP 577:583 LARIHC CF7-DMP 570:583 LARIHC CF7-DMP 570:583 The R-napthylethyl carbamate functionalized cyclofructan 6 (LARIHC CF6-RN) column proved to be the most effective overall, while the dimethylphenyl carbamate cyclofructan 7 (LARIHC CF7-DMP) showed complementary selectivity. 25288031 3 15 theme carbamate 544:552 arg1 cyclofructan 554:565 the dimethylphenyl carbamate cyclofructan 7 525:567 the dimethylphenyl carbamate cyclofructan 7 (LARIHC CF7-DMP) 525:584 The R-napthylethyl carbamate functionalized cyclofructan 6 (LARIHC CF6-RN) column proved to be the most effective overall, while the dimethylphenyl carbamate cyclofructan 7 (LARIHC CF7-DMP) showed complementary selectivity. 25288031 5 16 theme solvent 870:876 arg1 compositions 878:889 different polar organic solvent compositions 846:889 different polar organic solvent compositions 846:889 The retention factor vs. acetonitrile/methanol ratio plot showed a U-shaped retention curve, indicating that different interactions take place at different polar organic solvent compositions. 25288031 6 17 theme π-π 930:932 arg1 interactions 934:945 π-π interactions 930:945 π-π interactions 930:945 The separation results indicated that π-π interactions, steric effects, and hydrogen bonding contribute to the enantiomeric separation of ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes with cyclofructan chiral stationary phases in the polar organic mode. 25288031 6 18 theme stationary 1092:1101 arg1 phases 1103:1108 cyclofructan chiral stationary phases 1072:1108 cyclofructan chiral stationary phases in the polar organic mode 1072:1134 The separation results indicated that π-π interactions, steric effects, and hydrogen bonding contribute to the enantiomeric separation of ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes with cyclofructan chiral stationary phases in the polar organic mode. 25288031 3 19 theme functionalized 425:438 arg1 effective 500:508 effective 500:508 effective 500:508 The R-napthylethyl carbamate functionalized cyclofructan 6 (LARIHC CF6-RN) column proved to be the most effective overall, while the dimethylphenyl carbamate cyclofructan 7 (LARIHC CF7-DMP) showed complementary selectivity. 25288031 3 19 theme functionalized 425:438 arg1 column 471:476 The R-napthylethyl carbamate functionalized cyclofructan 6 (LARIHC CF6-RN) column 396:476 The R-napthylethyl carbamate functionalized cyclofructan 6 (LARIHC CF6-RN) column 396:476 The R-napthylethyl carbamate functionalized cyclofructan 6 (LARIHC CF6-RN) column proved to be the most effective overall, while the dimethylphenyl carbamate cyclofructan 7 (LARIHC CF7-DMP) showed complementary selectivity. 25288031 6 20 theme organic 1123:1129 arg1 mode 1131:1134 the polar organic mode 1113:1134 the polar organic mode 1113:1134 The separation results indicated that π-π interactions, steric effects, and hydrogen bonding contribute to the enantiomeric separation of ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes with cyclofructan chiral stationary phases in the polar organic mode. 25288031 0 21 theme stationary 101:110 arg1 phases 112:117 cyclofructan chiral stationary phases 81:117 cyclofructan chiral stationary phases 81:117 Enantiomeric separations of ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes using HPLC with cyclofructan chiral stationary phases. 25288031 6 22 theme II 1041:1042 arg1 complexes 1057:1065 ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes 1030:1065 ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes with cyclofructan chiral stationary phases in the polar organic mode 1030:1134 The separation results indicated that π-π interactions, steric effects, and hydrogen bonding contribute to the enantiomeric separation of ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes with cyclofructan chiral stationary phases in the polar organic mode. 25288031 4 23 theme additives 651:659 arg1 necessary 665:673 necessary 665:673 necessary 665:673 A combination of acid and base additives was necessary for optimal separations. 25288031 4 23 theme additives 651:659 arg1 combination 622:632 A combination 620:632 A combination of acid and base additives 620:659 A combination of acid and base additives was necessary for optimal separations. 25288031 1 24 theme polypyridyl 169:179 arg1 complexes 181:189 21 ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes 151:189 21 ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes 151:189 The enantiomeric separation of 21 ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes was achieved with a novel class of cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) in the polar organic mode. 25288031 0 25 theme Enantiomeric 0:11 arg1 separations 13:23 Enantiomeric separations 0:23 Enantiomeric separations of ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes using HPLC with cyclofructan chiral stationary phases. 0:118 Enantiomeric separations of ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes using HPLC with cyclofructan chiral stationary phases. 25288031 6 26 from phases 1103:1108 arg1 mode 1131:1134 the polar organic mode 1113:1134 the polar organic mode 1113:1134 The separation results indicated that π-π interactions, steric effects, and hydrogen bonding contribute to the enantiomeric separation of ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes with cyclofructan chiral stationary phases in the polar organic mode. 25288031 3 27 theme LARIHC 570:575 arg1 CF7-DMP 577:583 LARIHC CF7-DMP 570:583 LARIHC CF7-DMP 570:583 The R-napthylethyl carbamate functionalized cyclofructan 6 (LARIHC CF6-RN) column proved to be the most effective overall, while the dimethylphenyl carbamate cyclofructan 7 (LARIHC CF7-DMP) showed complementary selectivity. 25288031 3 27 theme LARIHC 570:575 arg1 cyclofructan 554:565 the dimethylphenyl carbamate cyclofructan 7 525:567 the dimethylphenyl carbamate cyclofructan 7 (LARIHC CF7-DMP) 525:584 The R-napthylethyl carbamate functionalized cyclofructan 6 (LARIHC CF6-RN) column proved to be the most effective overall, while the dimethylphenyl carbamate cyclofructan 7 (LARIHC CF7-DMP) showed complementary selectivity. 25288031 5 28 theme ratio 747:751 arg1 plot 753:756 The retention factor vs. acetonitrile/methanol ratio plot 700:756 plot 753:756 The retention factor vs. acetonitrile/methanol ratio plot showed a U-shaped retention curve, indicating that different interactions take place at different polar organic solvent compositions. 25288031 1 29 theme complexes 181:189 arg1 separation 137:146 The enantiomeric separation 120:146 The enantiomeric separation of 21 ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes 120:189 The enantiomeric separation of 21 ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes was achieved with a novel class of cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) in the polar organic mode. 25288031 0 30 theme ruthenium 28:36 arg1 complexes 55:63 ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes 28:63 ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes 28:63 Enantiomeric separations of ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes using HPLC with cyclofructan chiral stationary phases. 25288031 6 31 theme enantiomeric 1003:1014 arg1 separation 1016:1025 the enantiomeric separation 999:1025 the enantiomeric separation of ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes with cyclofructan chiral stationary phases in the polar organic mode 999:1134 The separation results indicated that π-π interactions, steric effects, and hydrogen bonding contribute to the enantiomeric separation of ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes with cyclofructan chiral stationary phases in the polar organic mode. 25288031 5 32 theme retention 704:712 arg1 factor 714:719 The retention factor vs. acetonitrile/methanol ratio plot 700:756 factor 714:719 The retention factor vs. acetonitrile/methanol ratio plot showed a U-shaped retention curve, indicating that different interactions take place at different polar organic solvent compositions. 25288031 5 33 theme different 809:817 arg1 interactions 819:830 different interactions 809:830 different interactions 809:830 The retention factor vs. acetonitrile/methanol ratio plot showed a U-shaped retention curve, indicating that different interactions take place at different polar organic solvent compositions. 25288031 4 34 theme acid 637:640 arg1 necessary 665:673 necessary 665:673 necessary 665:673 A combination of acid and base additives was necessary for optimal separations. 25288031 4 34 theme acid 637:640 arg1 combination 622:632 A combination 620:632 A combination of acid and base additives 620:659 A combination of acid and base additives was necessary for optimal separations. 25288031 5 35 theme different 846:854 arg1 compositions 878:889 different polar organic solvent compositions 846:889 different polar organic solvent compositions 846:889 The retention factor vs. acetonitrile/methanol ratio plot showed a U-shaped retention curve, indicating that different interactions take place at different polar organic solvent compositions. 25288031 5 36 theme organic 862:868 arg1 compositions 878:889 different polar organic solvent compositions 846:889 different polar organic solvent compositions 846:889 The retention factor vs. acetonitrile/methanol ratio plot showed a U-shaped retention curve, indicating that different interactions take place at different polar organic solvent compositions. 25288031 3 37 theme R-napthylethyl 400:413 arg1 effective 500:508 effective 500:508 effective 500:508 The R-napthylethyl carbamate functionalized cyclofructan 6 (LARIHC CF6-RN) column proved to be the most effective overall, while the dimethylphenyl carbamate cyclofructan 7 (LARIHC CF7-DMP) showed complementary selectivity. 25288031 3 37 theme R-napthylethyl 400:413 arg1 column 471:476 The R-napthylethyl carbamate functionalized cyclofructan 6 (LARIHC CF6-RN) column 396:476 The R-napthylethyl carbamate functionalized cyclofructan 6 (LARIHC CF6-RN) column 396:476 The R-napthylethyl carbamate functionalized cyclofructan 6 (LARIHC CF6-RN) column proved to be the most effective overall, while the dimethylphenyl carbamate cyclofructan 7 (LARIHC CF7-DMP) showed complementary selectivity. 25288031 4 38 theme base 646:649 arg1 additives 651:659 base additives 646:659 base additives 646:659 A combination of acid and base additives was necessary for optimal separations. 25288031 3 39 theme cyclofructan 440:451 arg1 effective 500:508 effective 500:508 effective 500:508 The R-napthylethyl carbamate functionalized cyclofructan 6 (LARIHC CF6-RN) column proved to be the most effective overall, while the dimethylphenyl carbamate cyclofructan 7 (LARIHC CF7-DMP) showed complementary selectivity. 25288031 3 39 theme cyclofructan 440:451 arg1 column 471:476 The R-napthylethyl carbamate functionalized cyclofructan 6 (LARIHC CF6-RN) column 396:476 The R-napthylethyl carbamate functionalized cyclofructan 6 (LARIHC CF6-RN) column 396:476 The R-napthylethyl carbamate functionalized cyclofructan 6 (LARIHC CF6-RN) column proved to be the most effective overall, while the dimethylphenyl carbamate cyclofructan 7 (LARIHC CF7-DMP) showed complementary selectivity. 25288031 3 40 theme LARIHC 456:461 arg1 effective 500:508 effective 500:508 effective 500:508 The R-napthylethyl carbamate functionalized cyclofructan 6 (LARIHC CF6-RN) column proved to be the most effective overall, while the dimethylphenyl carbamate cyclofructan 7 (LARIHC CF7-DMP) showed complementary selectivity. 25288031 3 40 theme LARIHC 456:461 arg1 column 471:476 The R-napthylethyl carbamate functionalized cyclofructan 6 (LARIHC CF6-RN) column 396:476 The R-napthylethyl carbamate functionalized cyclofructan 6 (LARIHC CF6-RN) column 396:476 The R-napthylethyl carbamate functionalized cyclofructan 6 (LARIHC CF6-RN) column proved to be the most effective overall, while the dimethylphenyl carbamate cyclofructan 7 (LARIHC CF7-DMP) showed complementary selectivity. 25288031 3 41 theme carbamate 415:423 arg1 effective 500:508 effective 500:508 effective 500:508 The R-napthylethyl carbamate functionalized cyclofructan 6 (LARIHC CF6-RN) column proved to be the most effective overall, while the dimethylphenyl carbamate cyclofructan 7 (LARIHC CF7-DMP) showed complementary selectivity. 25288031 3 41 theme carbamate 415:423 arg1 column 471:476 The R-napthylethyl carbamate functionalized cyclofructan 6 (LARIHC CF6-RN) column 396:476 The R-napthylethyl carbamate functionalized cyclofructan 6 (LARIHC CF6-RN) column 396:476 The R-napthylethyl carbamate functionalized cyclofructan 6 (LARIHC CF6-RN) column proved to be the most effective overall, while the dimethylphenyl carbamate cyclofructan 7 (LARIHC CF7-DMP) showed complementary selectivity. 25288031 1 42 theme polar 284:288 arg1 mode 298:301 the polar organic mode 280:301 the polar organic mode 280:301 The enantiomeric separation of 21 ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes was achieved with a novel class of cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) in the polar organic mode. 25288031 5 43 theme acetonitrile/methanol 725:745 arg1 plot 753:756 The retention factor vs. acetonitrile/methanol ratio plot 700:756 plot 753:756 The retention factor vs. acetonitrile/methanol ratio plot showed a U-shaped retention curve, indicating that different interactions take place at different polar organic solvent compositions. 25288031 3 44 theme complementary 593:605 arg1 selectivity 607:617 complementary selectivity 593:617 complementary selectivity 593:617 The R-napthylethyl carbamate functionalized cyclofructan 6 (LARIHC CF6-RN) column proved to be the most effective overall, while the dimethylphenyl carbamate cyclofructan 7 (LARIHC CF7-DMP) showed complementary selectivity. 25288031 3 45 theme CF6-RN 463:468 arg1 effective 500:508 effective 500:508 effective 500:508 The R-napthylethyl carbamate functionalized cyclofructan 6 (LARIHC CF6-RN) column proved to be the most effective overall, while the dimethylphenyl carbamate cyclofructan 7 (LARIHC CF7-DMP) showed complementary selectivity. 25288031 3 45 theme CF6-RN 463:468 arg1 column 471:476 The R-napthylethyl carbamate functionalized cyclofructan 6 (LARIHC CF6-RN) column 396:476 The R-napthylethyl carbamate functionalized cyclofructan 6 (LARIHC CF6-RN) column 396:476 The R-napthylethyl carbamate functionalized cyclofructan 6 (LARIHC CF6-RN) column proved to be the most effective overall, while the dimethylphenyl carbamate cyclofructan 7 (LARIHC CF7-DMP) showed complementary selectivity. 25288031 0 46 theme polypyridyl 43:53 arg1 complexes 55:63 ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes 28:63 ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes 28:63 Enantiomeric separations of ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes using HPLC with cyclofructan chiral stationary phases. 25288031 1 47 theme organic 290:296 arg1 mode 298:301 the polar organic mode 280:301 the polar organic mode 280:301 The enantiomeric separation of 21 ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes was achieved with a novel class of cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) in the polar organic mode. 25288031 5 48 theme retention 776:784 arg1 curve 786:790 a U-shaped retention curve 765:790 a U-shaped retention curve 765:790 The retention factor vs. acetonitrile/methanol ratio plot showed a U-shaped retention curve, indicating that different interactions take place at different polar organic solvent compositions. 25288031 6 49 theme hydrogen 968:975 arg1 bonding 977:983 hydrogen bonding 968:983 hydrogen bonding 968:983 The separation results indicated that π-π interactions, steric effects, and hydrogen bonding contribute to the enantiomeric separation of ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes with cyclofructan chiral stationary phases in the polar organic mode. 25288031 6 50 with complexes 1057:1065 arg1 phases 1103:1108 cyclofructan chiral stationary phases 1072:1108 cyclofructan chiral stationary phases in the polar organic mode 1072:1134 The separation results indicated that π-π interactions, steric effects, and hydrogen bonding contribute to the enantiomeric separation of ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes with cyclofructan chiral stationary phases in the polar organic mode. 25288031 1 51 theme enantiomeric 124:135 arg1 separation 137:146 The enantiomeric separation 120:146 The enantiomeric separation of 21 ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes 120:189 The enantiomeric separation of 21 ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes was achieved with a novel class of cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) in the polar organic mode. 25288031 1 52 theme novel 211:215 arg1 class 217:221 a novel class 209:221 a novel class of cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) 209:275 The enantiomeric separation of 21 ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes was achieved with a novel class of cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) in the polar organic mode. 25288031 2 53 theme Aromatic 304:311 arg1 derivatives 313:323 Aromatic derivatives 304:323 Aromatic derivatives on the chiral selectors 304:347 Aromatic derivatives on the chiral selectors proved to be essential for enantioselectivity. 25288031 6 54 theme complexes 1057:1065 arg1 separation 1016:1025 the enantiomeric separation 999:1025 the enantiomeric separation of ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes with cyclofructan chiral stationary phases in the polar organic mode 999:1134 The separation results indicated that π-π interactions, steric effects, and hydrogen bonding contribute to the enantiomeric separation of ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes with cyclofructan chiral stationary phases in the polar organic mode. 25288031 5 55 theme U-shaped 767:774 arg1 curve 786:790 a U-shaped retention curve 765:790 a U-shaped retention curve 765:790 The retention factor vs. acetonitrile/methanol ratio plot showed a U-shaped retention curve, indicating that different interactions take place at different polar organic solvent compositions. 25288031 6 56 theme cyclofructan 1072:1083 arg1 phases 1103:1108 cyclofructan chiral stationary phases 1072:1108 cyclofructan chiral stationary phases in the polar organic mode 1072:1134 The separation results indicated that π-π interactions, steric effects, and hydrogen bonding contribute to the enantiomeric separation of ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes with cyclofructan chiral stationary phases in the polar organic mode. 25288031 6 57 theme polar 1117:1121 arg1 mode 1131:1134 the polar organic mode 1113:1134 the polar organic mode 1113:1134 The separation results indicated that π-π interactions, steric effects, and hydrogen bonding contribute to the enantiomeric separation of ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes with cyclofructan chiral stationary phases in the polar organic mode. 25288031 6 58 theme polypyridyl 1045:1055 arg1 complexes 1057:1065 ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes 1030:1065 ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes with cyclofructan chiral stationary phases in the polar organic mode 1030:1134 The separation results indicated that π-π interactions, steric effects, and hydrogen bonding contribute to the enantiomeric separation of ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes with cyclofructan chiral stationary phases in the polar organic mode. 25288031 0 59 theme complexes 55:63 arg1 separations 13:23 Enantiomeric separations 0:23 Enantiomeric separations of ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes using HPLC with cyclofructan chiral stationary phases. 0:118 Enantiomeric separations of ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes using HPLC with cyclofructan chiral stationary phases. 25288031 4 60 theme optimal 679:685 arg1 separations 687:697 optimal separations 679:697 optimal separations 679:697 A combination of acid and base additives was necessary for optimal separations. 25288031 1 61 theme cyclofructan-based 226:243 arg1 CSPs 271:274 CSPs 271:274 CSPs 271:274 The enantiomeric separation of 21 ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes was achieved with a novel class of cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) in the polar organic mode. 25288031 1 61 theme cyclofructan-based 226:243 arg1 phases 263:268 cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases 226:268 cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) 226:275 The enantiomeric separation of 21 ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes was achieved with a novel class of cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) in the polar organic mode. 24768970 5 0 theme bone 1066:1069 arg1 BTE 1091:1093 BTE 1091:1093 BTE 1091:1093 These results indicated that HA-mineralized on CS-coated PLA fiber mat can be prepared directly via simply using CS coating followed by SBF immersion, and the results also suggest that this composite can mimic structural, compositional, and biological functions of native bone and can serve as a good candidate for bone tissue engineering (BTE). 24768970 5 0 theme bone 1066:1069 arg1 engineering 1078:1088 bone tissue engineering 1066:1088 bone tissue engineering (BTE) 1066:1094 These results indicated that HA-mineralized on CS-coated PLA fiber mat can be prepared directly via simply using CS coating followed by SBF immersion, and the results also suggest that this composite can mimic structural, compositional, and biological functions of native bone and can serve as a good candidate for bone tissue engineering (BTE). 24768970 2 1 dep times 415:419 arg1 SBF 447:449 10× SBF 443:449 10× SBF 443:449 Significant calcium phosphate crystals formed on various concentrations of CS-coated PLA fiber mat with better uniformity after 2h of incubation in 10 times simulated body fluid (10× SBF). 24768970 2 1 dep times 415:419 arg1 fluid 436:440 simulated body fluid 421:440 10 times simulated body fluid (10× SBF) 412:450 Significant calcium phosphate crystals formed on various concentrations of CS-coated PLA fiber mat with better uniformity after 2h of incubation in 10 times simulated body fluid (10× SBF). 24768970 2 2 theme various 313:319 arg1 concentrations 321:334 various concentrations 313:334 various concentrations of CS-coated PLA fiber mat with better uniformity after 2h of incubation in 10 times simulated body fluid (10× SBF) 313:450 Significant calcium phosphate crystals formed on various concentrations of CS-coated PLA fiber mat with better uniformity after 2h of incubation in 10 times simulated body fluid (10× SBF). 24768970 2 3 with mat 359:361 arg1 uniformity 375:384 better uniformity 368:384 better uniformity after 2h of incubation in 10 times simulated body fluid (10× SBF) 368:450 Significant calcium phosphate crystals formed on various concentrations of CS-coated PLA fiber mat with better uniformity after 2h of incubation in 10 times simulated body fluid (10× SBF). 24768970 5 4 theme compositional 973:985 arg1 functions 1003:1011 structural, compositional, and biological functions 961:1011 structural, compositional, and biological functions of native bone 961:1026 These results indicated that HA-mineralized on CS-coated PLA fiber mat can be prepared directly via simply using CS coating followed by SBF immersion, and the results also suggest that this composite can mimic structural, compositional, and biological functions of native bone and can serve as a good candidate for bone tissue engineering (BTE). 24768970 4 5 theme 0.4 721:723 arg1 % 724:724 % 724:724 % 724:724 Chitosan, a cationic polysaccharide, can promote more nucleation and growth of calcium phosphate under conditions of 0.4% chitosan concentrations. 24768970 4 6 theme phosphate 691:699 arg1 growth 673:678 growth 673:678 growth 673:678 Chitosan, a cationic polysaccharide, can promote more nucleation and growth of calcium phosphate under conditions of 0.4% chitosan concentrations. 24768970 4 6 theme phosphate 691:699 arg1 nucleation 658:667 nucleation 658:667 nucleation 658:667 Chitosan, a cationic polysaccharide, can promote more nucleation and growth of calcium phosphate under conditions of 0.4% chitosan concentrations. 24768970 2 7 theme phosphate 284:292 arg1 crystals 294:301 Significant calcium phosphate crystals 264:301 Significant calcium phosphate crystals 264:301 Significant calcium phosphate crystals formed on various concentrations of CS-coated PLA fiber mat with better uniformity after 2h of incubation in 10 times simulated body fluid (10× SBF). 24768970 4 8 theme chitosan 726:733 arg1 concentrations 735:748 0.4% chitosan concentrations 721:748 0.4% chitosan concentrations 721:748 Chitosan, a cationic polysaccharide, can promote more nucleation and growth of calcium phosphate under conditions of 0.4% chitosan concentrations. 24768970 4 9 theme concentrations 735:748 arg1 conditions 707:716 conditions 707:716 conditions of 0.4% chitosan concentrations 707:748 Chitosan, a cationic polysaccharide, can promote more nucleation and growth of calcium phosphate under conditions of 0.4% chitosan concentrations. 24768970 5 10 theme CS 864:865 arg1 coating 867:873 CS coating 864:873 CS coating followed by SBF immersion 864:899 These results indicated that HA-mineralized on CS-coated PLA fiber mat can be prepared directly via simply using CS coating followed by SBF immersion, and the results also suggest that this composite can mimic structural, compositional, and biological functions of native bone and can serve as a good candidate for bone tissue engineering (BTE). 24768970 4 11 theme % 724:724 arg1 concentrations 735:748 0.4% chitosan concentrations 721:748 0.4% chitosan concentrations 721:748 Chitosan, a cationic polysaccharide, can promote more nucleation and growth of calcium phosphate under conditions of 0.4% chitosan concentrations. 24768970 2 12 theme mat 359:361 arg1 concentrations 321:334 various concentrations 313:334 various concentrations of CS-coated PLA fiber mat with better uniformity after 2h of incubation in 10 times simulated body fluid (10× SBF) 313:450 Significant calcium phosphate crystals formed on various concentrations of CS-coated PLA fiber mat with better uniformity after 2h of incubation in 10 times simulated body fluid (10× SBF). 24768970 0 13 theme electrospun 16:26 arg1 fibers 32:37 Chitosan-coated electrospun PLA fibers 0:37 Chitosan-coated electrospun PLA fibers for rapid mineralization of calcium phosphate 0:83 Chitosan-coated electrospun PLA fibers for rapid mineralization of calcium phosphate. 24768970 5 14 theme good 1047:1050 arg1 composite 941:949 this composite 936:949 this composite 936:949 These results indicated that HA-mineralized on CS-coated PLA fiber mat can be prepared directly via simply using CS coating followed by SBF immersion, and the results also suggest that this composite can mimic structural, compositional, and biological functions of native bone and can serve as a good candidate for bone tissue engineering (BTE). 24768970 5 14 theme good 1047:1050 arg1 candidate 1052:1060 a good candidate 1045:1060 a good candidate for bone tissue engineering (BTE) 1045:1094 These results indicated that HA-mineralized on CS-coated PLA fiber mat can be prepared directly via simply using CS coating followed by SBF immersion, and the results also suggest that this composite can mimic structural, compositional, and biological functions of native bone and can serve as a good candidate for bone tissue engineering (BTE). 24768970 2 15 theme calcium 276:282 arg1 crystals 294:301 Significant calcium phosphate crystals 264:301 Significant calcium phosphate crystals 264:301 Significant calcium phosphate crystals formed on various concentrations of CS-coated PLA fiber mat with better uniformity after 2h of incubation in 10 times simulated body fluid (10× SBF). 24768970 2 16 theme fiber 353:357 arg1 mat 359:361 CS-coated PLA fiber mat 339:361 CS-coated PLA fiber mat with better uniformity after 2h of incubation in 10 times simulated body fluid (10× SBF) 339:450 Significant calcium phosphate crystals formed on various concentrations of CS-coated PLA fiber mat with better uniformity after 2h of incubation in 10 times simulated body fluid (10× SBF). 24768970 0 17 theme Chitosan-coated 0:14 arg1 fibers 32:37 Chitosan-coated electrospun PLA fibers 0:37 Chitosan-coated electrospun PLA fibers for rapid mineralization of calcium phosphate 0:83 Chitosan-coated electrospun PLA fibers for rapid mineralization of calcium phosphate. 24768970 2 18 theme Significant 264:274 arg1 crystals 294:301 Significant calcium phosphate crystals 264:301 Significant calcium phosphate crystals 264:301 Significant calcium phosphate crystals formed on various concentrations of CS-coated PLA fiber mat with better uniformity after 2h of incubation in 10 times simulated body fluid (10× SBF). 24768970 2 19 theme PLA 349:351 arg1 mat 359:361 CS-coated PLA fiber mat 339:361 CS-coated PLA fiber mat with better uniformity after 2h of incubation in 10 times simulated body fluid (10× SBF) 339:450 Significant calcium phosphate crystals formed on various concentrations of CS-coated PLA fiber mat with better uniformity after 2h of incubation in 10 times simulated body fluid (10× SBF). 24768970 2 20 theme incubation 398:407 arg1 2h 392:393 2h 392:393 2h of incubation in 10 times simulated body fluid (10× SBF) 392:450 Significant calcium phosphate crystals formed on various concentrations of CS-coated PLA fiber mat with better uniformity after 2h of incubation in 10 times simulated body fluid (10× SBF). 24768970 4 21 theme calcium 683:689 arg1 phosphate 691:699 calcium phosphate 683:699 calcium phosphate 683:699 Chitosan, a cationic polysaccharide, can promote more nucleation and growth of calcium phosphate under conditions of 0.4% chitosan concentrations. 24768970 5 22 theme SBF 887:889 arg1 immersion 891:899 SBF immersion 887:899 SBF immersion 887:899 These results indicated that HA-mineralized on CS-coated PLA fiber mat can be prepared directly via simply using CS coating followed by SBF immersion, and the results also suggest that this composite can mimic structural, compositional, and biological functions of native bone and can serve as a good candidate for bone tissue engineering (BTE). 24768970 1 23 theme lactic 161:166 arg1 poly 156:159 chitosan (CS)-coated poly 135:159 chitosan (CS)-coated poly(lactic acid) (PLA) 135:178 In this work, hydroxyapatite (HA) mineralized on chitosan (CS)-coated poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanofiber mat was prepared and compared in terms of mineralization characteristics. 24768970 1 23 theme lactic 161:166 arg1 acid 168:171 lactic acid 161:171 lactic acid 161:171 In this work, hydroxyapatite (HA) mineralized on chitosan (CS)-coated poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanofiber mat was prepared and compared in terms of mineralization characteristics. 24768970 0 24 theme PLA 28:30 arg1 fibers 32:37 Chitosan-coated electrospun PLA fibers 0:37 Chitosan-coated electrospun PLA fibers for rapid mineralization of calcium phosphate 0:83 Chitosan-coated electrospun PLA fibers for rapid mineralization of calcium phosphate. 24768970 5 25 theme native 1016:1021 arg1 bone 1023:1026 native bone 1016:1026 native bone 1016:1026 These results indicated that HA-mineralized on CS-coated PLA fiber mat can be prepared directly via simply using CS coating followed by SBF immersion, and the results also suggest that this composite can mimic structural, compositional, and biological functions of native bone and can serve as a good candidate for bone tissue engineering (BTE). 24768970 3 26 theme X-ray 453:457 arg1 results 471:477 X-ray diffraction results 453:477 X-ray diffraction results 453:477 X-ray diffraction results further indicated that the composition of the deposited mineral was a mixture of dicalcium phosphate dehydrates and apatite. 24768970 3 27 theme diffraction 459:469 arg1 results 471:477 X-ray diffraction results 453:477 X-ray diffraction results 453:477 X-ray diffraction results further indicated that the composition of the deposited mineral was a mixture of dicalcium phosphate dehydrates and apatite. 24768970 0 28 theme rapid 43:47 arg1 mineralization 49:62 rapid mineralization 43:62 rapid mineralization of calcium phosphate 43:83 Chitosan-coated electrospun PLA fibers for rapid mineralization of calcium phosphate. 24768970 1 29 theme mineralization 232:245 arg1 characteristics 247:261 mineralization characteristics 232:261 mineralization characteristics 232:261 In this work, hydroxyapatite (HA) mineralized on chitosan (CS)-coated poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanofiber mat was prepared and compared in terms of mineralization characteristics. 24768970 5 30 theme bone 1023:1026 arg1 functions 1003:1011 structural, compositional, and biological functions 961:1011 structural, compositional, and biological functions of native bone 961:1026 These results indicated that HA-mineralized on CS-coated PLA fiber mat can be prepared directly via simply using CS coating followed by SBF immersion, and the results also suggest that this composite can mimic structural, compositional, and biological functions of native bone and can serve as a good candidate for bone tissue engineering (BTE). 24768970 5 31 theme structural 961:970 arg1 functions 1003:1011 structural, compositional, and biological functions 961:1011 structural, compositional, and biological functions of native bone 961:1026 These results indicated that HA-mineralized on CS-coated PLA fiber mat can be prepared directly via simply using CS coating followed by SBF immersion, and the results also suggest that this composite can mimic structural, compositional, and biological functions of native bone and can serve as a good candidate for bone tissue engineering (BTE). 24768970 4 32 theme cationic 616:623 arg1 Chitosan 604:611 Chitosan 604:611 Chitosan 604:611 Chitosan, a cationic polysaccharide, can promote more nucleation and growth of calcium phosphate under conditions of 0.4% chitosan concentrations. 24768970 4 32 theme cationic 616:623 arg1 polysaccharide 625:638 a cationic polysaccharide 614:638 a cationic polysaccharide 614:638 Chitosan, a cationic polysaccharide, can promote more nucleation and growth of calcium phosphate under conditions of 0.4% chitosan concentrations. 24768970 5 33 theme fiber 812:816 arg1 mat 818:820 HA-mineralized on CS-coated PLA fiber mat 780:820 HA-mineralized on CS-coated PLA fiber mat 780:820 These results indicated that HA-mineralized on CS-coated PLA fiber mat can be prepared directly via simply using CS coating followed by SBF immersion, and the results also suggest that this composite can mimic structural, compositional, and biological functions of native bone and can serve as a good candidate for bone tissue engineering (BTE). 24768970 2 34 theme body 431:434 arg1 SBF 447:449 10× SBF 443:449 10× SBF 443:449 Significant calcium phosphate crystals formed on various concentrations of CS-coated PLA fiber mat with better uniformity after 2h of incubation in 10 times simulated body fluid (10× SBF). 24768970 2 34 theme body 431:434 arg1 fluid 436:440 simulated body fluid 421:440 10 times simulated body fluid (10× SBF) 412:450 Significant calcium phosphate crystals formed on various concentrations of CS-coated PLA fiber mat with better uniformity after 2h of incubation in 10 times simulated body fluid (10× SBF). 24768970 1 35 theme characteristics 247:261 arg1 terms 223:227 terms 223:227 terms of mineralization characteristics 223:261 In this work, hydroxyapatite (HA) mineralized on chitosan (CS)-coated poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanofiber mat was prepared and compared in terms of mineralization characteristics. 24768970 5 36 theme HA-mineralized 780:793 arg1 mat 818:820 HA-mineralized on CS-coated PLA fiber mat 780:820 HA-mineralized on CS-coated PLA fiber mat 780:820 These results indicated that HA-mineralized on CS-coated PLA fiber mat can be prepared directly via simply using CS coating followed by SBF immersion, and the results also suggest that this composite can mimic structural, compositional, and biological functions of native bone and can serve as a good candidate for bone tissue engineering (BTE). 24768970 2 37 theme better 368:373 arg1 uniformity 375:384 better uniformity 368:384 better uniformity after 2h of incubation in 10 times simulated body fluid (10× SBF) 368:450 Significant calcium phosphate crystals formed on various concentrations of CS-coated PLA fiber mat with better uniformity after 2h of incubation in 10 times simulated body fluid (10× SBF). 24768970 2 38 theme simulated 421:429 arg1 SBF 447:449 10× SBF 443:449 10× SBF 443:449 Significant calcium phosphate crystals formed on various concentrations of CS-coated PLA fiber mat with better uniformity after 2h of incubation in 10 times simulated body fluid (10× SBF). 24768970 2 38 theme simulated 421:429 arg1 fluid 436:440 simulated body fluid 421:440 10 times simulated body fluid (10× SBF) 412:450 Significant calcium phosphate crystals formed on various concentrations of CS-coated PLA fiber mat with better uniformity after 2h of incubation in 10 times simulated body fluid (10× SBF). 24768970 3 39 theme mineral 535:541 arg1 mixture 549:555 a mixture 547:555 a mixture of dicalcium phosphate dehydrates 547:589 X-ray diffraction results further indicated that the composition of the deposited mineral was a mixture of dicalcium phosphate dehydrates and apatite. 24768970 3 39 theme mineral 535:541 arg1 composition 506:516 the composition 502:516 the composition of the deposited mineral 502:541 X-ray diffraction results further indicated that the composition of the deposited mineral was a mixture of dicalcium phosphate dehydrates and apatite. 24768970 5 40 theme tissue 1071:1076 arg1 BTE 1091:1093 BTE 1091:1093 BTE 1091:1093 These results indicated that HA-mineralized on CS-coated PLA fiber mat can be prepared directly via simply using CS coating followed by SBF immersion, and the results also suggest that this composite can mimic structural, compositional, and biological functions of native bone and can serve as a good candidate for bone tissue engineering (BTE). 24768970 5 40 theme tissue 1071:1076 arg1 engineering 1078:1088 bone tissue engineering 1066:1088 bone tissue engineering (BTE) 1066:1094 These results indicated that HA-mineralized on CS-coated PLA fiber mat can be prepared directly via simply using CS coating followed by SBF immersion, and the results also suggest that this composite can mimic structural, compositional, and biological functions of native bone and can serve as a good candidate for bone tissue engineering (BTE). 24768970 5 41 theme biological 992:1001 arg1 functions 1003:1011 structural, compositional, and biological functions 961:1011 structural, compositional, and biological functions of native bone 961:1026 These results indicated that HA-mineralized on CS-coated PLA fiber mat can be prepared directly via simply using CS coating followed by SBF immersion, and the results also suggest that this composite can mimic structural, compositional, and biological functions of native bone and can serve as a good candidate for bone tissue engineering (BTE). 24768970 3 42 theme phosphate 570:578 arg1 dehydrates 580:589 dicalcium phosphate dehydrates 560:589 dicalcium phosphate dehydrates 560:589 X-ray diffraction results further indicated that the composition of the deposited mineral was a mixture of dicalcium phosphate dehydrates and apatite. 24768970 3 43 theme dehydrates 580:589 arg1 mixture 549:555 a mixture 547:555 a mixture of dicalcium phosphate dehydrates 547:589 X-ray diffraction results further indicated that the composition of the deposited mineral was a mixture of dicalcium phosphate dehydrates and apatite. 24768970 3 43 theme dehydrates 580:589 arg1 apatite 595:601 apatite 595:601 apatite 595:601 X-ray diffraction results further indicated that the composition of the deposited mineral was a mixture of dicalcium phosphate dehydrates and apatite. 24768970 3 43 theme dehydrates 580:589 arg1 composition 506:516 the composition 502:516 the composition of the deposited mineral 502:541 X-ray diffraction results further indicated that the composition of the deposited mineral was a mixture of dicalcium phosphate dehydrates and apatite. 24768970 1 44 theme mineralized 120:130 arg1 mat 190:192 hydroxyapatite (HA) mineralized on chitosan (CS)-coated poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanofiber mat 100:192 hydroxyapatite (HA) mineralized on chitosan (CS)-coated poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanofiber mat 100:192 In this work, hydroxyapatite (HA) mineralized on chitosan (CS)-coated poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanofiber mat was prepared and compared in terms of mineralization characteristics. 24768970 0 45 theme phosphate 75:83 arg1 mineralization 49:62 rapid mineralization 43:62 rapid mineralization of calcium phosphate 43:83 Chitosan-coated electrospun PLA fibers for rapid mineralization of calcium phosphate. 24768970 5 46 theme CS-coated 798:806 arg1 PLA 808:810 CS-coated PLA 798:810 CS-coated PLA 798:810 These results indicated that HA-mineralized on CS-coated PLA fiber mat can be prepared directly via simply using CS coating followed by SBF immersion, and the results also suggest that this composite can mimic structural, compositional, and biological functions of native bone and can serve as a good candidate for bone tissue engineering (BTE). 24768970 2 47 theme CS-coated 339:347 arg1 mat 359:361 CS-coated PLA fiber mat 339:361 CS-coated PLA fiber mat with better uniformity after 2h of incubation in 10 times simulated body fluid (10× SBF) 339:450 Significant calcium phosphate crystals formed on various concentrations of CS-coated PLA fiber mat with better uniformity after 2h of incubation in 10 times simulated body fluid (10× SBF). 24768970 1 48 theme -coated 148:154 arg1 poly 156:159 chitosan (CS)-coated poly 135:159 chitosan (CS)-coated poly(lactic acid) (PLA) 135:178 In this work, hydroxyapatite (HA) mineralized on chitosan (CS)-coated poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanofiber mat was prepared and compared in terms of mineralization characteristics. 24768970 1 48 theme -coated 148:154 arg1 acid 168:171 lactic acid 161:171 lactic acid 161:171 In this work, hydroxyapatite (HA) mineralized on chitosan (CS)-coated poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanofiber mat was prepared and compared in terms of mineralization characteristics. 24768970 1 48 theme -coated 148:154 arg1 PLA 175:177 PLA 175:177 PLA 175:177 In this work, hydroxyapatite (HA) mineralized on chitosan (CS)-coated poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanofiber mat was prepared and compared in terms of mineralization characteristics. 24768970 1 49 theme nanofiber 180:188 arg1 mat 190:192 hydroxyapatite (HA) mineralized on chitosan (CS)-coated poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanofiber mat 100:192 hydroxyapatite (HA) mineralized on chitosan (CS)-coated poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanofiber mat 100:192 In this work, hydroxyapatite (HA) mineralized on chitosan (CS)-coated poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanofiber mat was prepared and compared in terms of mineralization characteristics. 24768970 0 50 theme calcium 67:73 arg1 phosphate 75:83 calcium phosphate 67:83 calcium phosphate 67:83 Chitosan-coated electrospun PLA fibers for rapid mineralization of calcium phosphate. 24768970 3 51 theme dicalcium 560:568 arg1 dehydrates 580:589 dicalcium phosphate dehydrates 560:589 dicalcium phosphate dehydrates 560:589 X-ray diffraction results further indicated that the composition of the deposited mineral was a mixture of dicalcium phosphate dehydrates and apatite. 24768970 2 52 from 2h 392:393 arg1 times 415:419 10 times 412:419 10 times simulated body fluid (10× SBF) 412:450 Significant calcium phosphate crystals formed on various concentrations of CS-coated PLA fiber mat with better uniformity after 2h of incubation in 10 times simulated body fluid (10× SBF). 25655777 4 0 theme anaplerotic 714:724 arg1 pathways 726:733 anaplerotic pathways 714:733 anaplerotic pathways 714:733 Both autotrophs and heterotrophs (through anaplerotic pathways) were labeled with (14)C-bicarbonate for biochemical fractionation. 25655777 8 1 theme biochemical 1517:1527 arg1 differences 1541:1551 the stoichiometric, biochemical and genetic differences 1497:1551 the stoichiometric, biochemical and genetic differences among subpopulations of microbes in a wide variety of aquatic environments 1497:1626 Future applications of this method include exploration of the stoichiometric, biochemical and genetic differences among subpopulations of microbes in a wide variety of aquatic environments. 25655777 0 2 theme microbes 74:81 arg1 analysis 54:61 downstream biochemical analysis 31:61 downstream biochemical analysis of aquatic microbes 31:81 A simple separation method for downstream biochemical analysis of aquatic microbes. 25655777 6 3 theme waters 1151:1156 arg1 filtration 1117:1126 tangential flow filtration 1101:1126 tangential flow filtration of oligotrophic marine waters where abundances of microorganisms are comparably low 1101:1210 We explored methodological issues regarding separation mechanisms, fixation, and pre-concentration via tangential flow filtration of oligotrophic marine waters where abundances of microorganisms are comparably low. 25655777 3 4 theme separate 509:516 arg1 microorganisms 518:531 separate microorganisms 509:531 separate microorganisms of even subtle size differences 509:563 Here we demonstrate that a simple sucrose density separation method allowed us to separate microorganisms of even subtle size differences and to determine their bulk biochemical composition (proteins, polysaccharides+nucleic acids, and lipids). 25655777 3 5 theme simple 454:459 arg1 method 488:493 a simple sucrose density separation method 452:493 a simple sucrose density separation method 452:493 Here we demonstrate that a simple sucrose density separation method allowed us to separate microorganisms of even subtle size differences and to determine their bulk biochemical composition (proteins, polysaccharides+nucleic acids, and lipids). 25655777 8 6 theme wide 1591:1594 arg1 variety 1596:1602 a wide variety 1589:1602 a wide variety of aquatic environments 1589:1626 Future applications of this method include exploration of the stoichiometric, biochemical and genetic differences among subpopulations of microbes in a wide variety of aquatic environments. 25655777 8 6 theme wide 1591:1594 arg1 environments 1615:1626 aquatic environments 1607:1626 aquatic environments 1607:1626 Future applications of this method include exploration of the stoichiometric, biochemical and genetic differences among subpopulations of microbes in a wide variety of aquatic environments. 25655777 2 7 theme Size 223:226 arg1 separation 228:237 Size separation 223:237 Size separation by filtration 223:251 Size separation by filtration is usually unsuccessful because the smaller group of organisms contaminates the larger fractions due to being trapped on filter surfaces of nominally much larger pore sizes. 25655777 3 8 theme size 548:551 arg1 differences 553:563 even subtle size differences 536:563 even subtle size differences 536:563 Here we demonstrate that a simple sucrose density separation method allowed us to separate microorganisms of even subtle size differences and to determine their bulk biochemical composition (proteins, polysaccharides+nucleic acids, and lipids). 25655777 5 9 from makeup 990:995 arg1 detection 944:952 detection 944:952 detection of differences in their biochemical makeup 944:995 We provided proof of concept that eukaryotic microbes could be cleanly separated from prokaryotes in cultures and in field samples, enabling detection of differences in their biochemical makeup. 25655777 6 10 theme methodological 1010:1023 arg1 issues 1025:1030 methodological issues 1010:1030 methodological issues regarding separation mechanisms, fixation, and pre-concentration via tangential flow filtration of oligotrophic marine waters where abundances of microorganisms are comparably low 1010:1210 We explored methodological issues regarding separation mechanisms, fixation, and pre-concentration via tangential flow filtration of oligotrophic marine waters where abundances of microorganisms are comparably low. 25655777 8 11 theme aquatic 1607:1613 arg1 environments 1615:1626 aquatic environments 1607:1626 aquatic environments 1607:1626 Future applications of this method include exploration of the stoichiometric, biochemical and genetic differences among subpopulations of microbes in a wide variety of aquatic environments. 25655777 3 12 theme differences 553:563 arg1 microorganisms 518:531 separate microorganisms 509:531 separate microorganisms of even subtle size differences 509:563 Here we demonstrate that a simple sucrose density separation method allowed us to separate microorganisms of even subtle size differences and to determine their bulk biochemical composition (proteins, polysaccharides+nucleic acids, and lipids). 25655777 7 13 theme rate-zonal 1295:1304 arg1 separation 1306:1315 rate-zonal separation 1295:1315 rate-zonal separation 1295:1315 By selecting an appropriate centrifugal force, two processes (i.e., isopycnal and rate-zonal separation) can be exploited simultaneously resulting in finely-separated density fractions, which also resulted in size separation. 25655777 2 14 theme smaller 289:295 arg1 organisms 306:314 organisms 306:314 organisms 306:314 Size separation by filtration is usually unsuccessful because the smaller group of organisms contaminates the larger fractions due to being trapped on filter surfaces of nominally much larger pore sizes. 25655777 2 14 theme smaller 289:295 arg1 group 297:301 the smaller group 285:301 the smaller group of organisms 285:314 Size separation by filtration is usually unsuccessful because the smaller group of organisms contaminates the larger fractions due to being trapped on filter surfaces of nominally much larger pore sizes. 25655777 8 15 from exploration 1482:1492 arg1 variety 1596:1602 a wide variety 1589:1602 a wide variety of aquatic environments 1589:1626 Future applications of this method include exploration of the stoichiometric, biochemical and genetic differences among subpopulations of microbes in a wide variety of aquatic environments. 25655777 8 15 from exploration 1482:1492 arg1 environments 1615:1626 aquatic environments 1607:1626 aquatic environments 1607:1626 Future applications of this method include exploration of the stoichiometric, biochemical and genetic differences among subpopulations of microbes in a wide variety of aquatic environments. 25655777 7 16 theme finely-separated 1363:1378 arg1 fractions 1388:1396 finely-separated density fractions 1363:1396 finely-separated density fractions 1363:1396 By selecting an appropriate centrifugal force, two processes (i.e., isopycnal and rate-zonal separation) can be exploited simultaneously resulting in finely-separated density fractions, which also resulted in size separation. 25655777 6 17 theme marine 1144:1149 arg1 waters 1151:1156 oligotrophic marine waters 1131:1156 oligotrophic marine waters where abundances of microorganisms are comparably low 1131:1210 We explored methodological issues regarding separation mechanisms, fixation, and pre-concentration via tangential flow filtration of oligotrophic marine waters where abundances of microorganisms are comparably low. 25655777 3 18 theme density 469:475 arg1 method 488:493 a simple sucrose density separation method 452:493 a simple sucrose density separation method 452:493 Here we demonstrate that a simple sucrose density separation method allowed us to separate microorganisms of even subtle size differences and to determine their bulk biochemical composition (proteins, polysaccharides+nucleic acids, and lipids). 25655777 3 19 theme even 536:539 arg1 differences 553:563 even subtle size differences 536:563 even subtle size differences 536:563 Here we demonstrate that a simple sucrose density separation method allowed us to separate microorganisms of even subtle size differences and to determine their bulk biochemical composition (proteins, polysaccharides+nucleic acids, and lipids). 25655777 6 20 theme flow 1112:1115 arg1 filtration 1117:1126 tangential flow filtration 1101:1126 tangential flow filtration of oligotrophic marine waters where abundances of microorganisms are comparably low 1101:1210 We explored methodological issues regarding separation mechanisms, fixation, and pre-concentration via tangential flow filtration of oligotrophic marine waters where abundances of microorganisms are comparably low. 25655777 5 21 dep proof 815:819 arg1 separated 874:882 separated 874:882 separated 874:882 We provided proof of concept that eukaryotic microbes could be cleanly separated from prokaryotes in cultures and in field samples, enabling detection of differences in their biochemical makeup. 25655777 7 22 theme density 1380:1386 arg1 fractions 1388:1396 finely-separated density fractions 1363:1396 finely-separated density fractions 1363:1396 By selecting an appropriate centrifugal force, two processes (i.e., isopycnal and rate-zonal separation) can be exploited simultaneously resulting in finely-separated density fractions, which also resulted in size separation. 25655777 3 23 theme subtle 541:546 arg1 differences 553:563 even subtle size differences 536:563 even subtle size differences 536:563 Here we demonstrate that a simple sucrose density separation method allowed us to separate microorganisms of even subtle size differences and to determine their bulk biochemical composition (proteins, polysaccharides+nucleic acids, and lipids). 25655777 6 24 theme oligotrophic 1131:1142 arg1 waters 1151:1156 oligotrophic marine waters 1131:1156 oligotrophic marine waters where abundances of microorganisms are comparably low 1131:1210 We explored methodological issues regarding separation mechanisms, fixation, and pre-concentration via tangential flow filtration of oligotrophic marine waters where abundances of microorganisms are comparably low. 25655777 0 25 theme simple 2:7 arg1 method 20:25 A simple separation method 0:25 A simple separation method for downstream biochemical analysis of aquatic microbes. 0:82 A simple separation method for downstream biochemical analysis of aquatic microbes. 25655777 8 26 theme environments 1615:1626 arg1 variety 1596:1602 a wide variety 1589:1602 a wide variety of aquatic environments 1589:1626 Future applications of this method include exploration of the stoichiometric, biochemical and genetic differences among subpopulations of microbes in a wide variety of aquatic environments. 25655777 8 26 theme environments 1615:1626 arg1 environments 1615:1626 aquatic environments 1607:1626 aquatic environments 1607:1626 Future applications of this method include exploration of the stoichiometric, biochemical and genetic differences among subpopulations of microbes in a wide variety of aquatic environments. 25655777 5 27 from detection 944:952 arg1 makeup 990:995 their biochemical makeup 972:995 their biochemical makeup 972:995 We provided proof of concept that eukaryotic microbes could be cleanly separated from prokaryotes in cultures and in field samples, enabling detection of differences in their biochemical makeup. 25655777 8 28 theme Future 1439:1444 arg1 applications 1446:1457 Future applications 1439:1457 Future applications of this method 1439:1472 Future applications of this method include exploration of the stoichiometric, biochemical and genetic differences among subpopulations of microbes in a wide variety of aquatic environments. 25655777 7 29 theme appropriate 1229:1239 arg1 force 1253:1257 an appropriate centrifugal force 1226:1257 an appropriate centrifugal force 1226:1257 By selecting an appropriate centrifugal force, two processes (i.e., isopycnal and rate-zonal separation) can be exploited simultaneously resulting in finely-separated density fractions, which also resulted in size separation. 25655777 3 30 dep composition 605:615 arg1 lipids 663:668 lipids 663:668 lipids 663:668 Here we demonstrate that a simple sucrose density separation method allowed us to separate microorganisms of even subtle size differences and to determine their bulk biochemical composition (proteins, polysaccharides+nucleic acids, and lipids). 25655777 3 30 dep composition 605:615 arg1 proteins 618:625 proteins 618:625 proteins 618:625 Here we demonstrate that a simple sucrose density separation method allowed us to separate microorganisms of even subtle size differences and to determine their bulk biochemical composition (proteins, polysaccharides+nucleic acids, and lipids). 25655777 3 30 dep composition 605:615 arg1 acids 652:656 polysaccharides+nucleic acids 628:656 polysaccharides+nucleic acids 628:656 Here we demonstrate that a simple sucrose density separation method allowed us to separate microorganisms of even subtle size differences and to determine their bulk biochemical composition (proteins, polysaccharides+nucleic acids, and lipids). 25655777 5 31 theme concept 824:830 arg1 proof 815:819 proof 815:819 proof of concept that eukaryotic microbes could be cleanly separated from prokaryotes in cultures and in field samples, enabling detection of differences in their biochemical makeup 815:995 We provided proof of concept that eukaryotic microbes could be cleanly separated from prokaryotes in cultures and in field samples, enabling detection of differences in their biochemical makeup. 25655777 5 32 theme differences 957:967 arg1 detection 944:952 detection 944:952 detection of differences in their biochemical makeup 944:995 We provided proof of concept that eukaryotic microbes could be cleanly separated from prokaryotes in cultures and in field samples, enabling detection of differences in their biochemical makeup. 25655777 6 33 theme tangential 1101:1110 arg1 filtration 1117:1126 tangential flow filtration 1101:1126 tangential flow filtration of oligotrophic marine waters where abundances of microorganisms are comparably low 1101:1210 We explored methodological issues regarding separation mechanisms, fixation, and pre-concentration via tangential flow filtration of oligotrophic marine waters where abundances of microorganisms are comparably low. 25655777 2 34 theme organisms 306:314 arg1 organisms 306:314 organisms 306:314 organisms 306:314 Size separation by filtration is usually unsuccessful because the smaller group of organisms contaminates the larger fractions due to being trapped on filter surfaces of nominally much larger pore sizes. 25655777 2 34 theme organisms 306:314 arg1 group 297:301 the smaller group 285:301 the smaller group of organisms 285:314 Size separation by filtration is usually unsuccessful because the smaller group of organisms contaminates the larger fractions due to being trapped on filter surfaces of nominally much larger pore sizes. 25655777 1 35 theme separated 184:192 arg1 fractions 194:202 completely separated fractions 173:202 completely separated fractions of subpopulations 173:220 In order to study the chemical composition of aquatic microbes it is necessary to obtain completely separated fractions of subpopulations. 25655777 0 36 theme separation 9:18 arg1 method 20:25 A simple separation method 0:25 A simple separation method for downstream biochemical analysis of aquatic microbes. 0:82 A simple separation method for downstream biochemical analysis of aquatic microbes. 25655777 8 37 from differences 1541:1551 arg1 variety 1596:1602 a wide variety 1589:1602 a wide variety of aquatic environments 1589:1626 Future applications of this method include exploration of the stoichiometric, biochemical and genetic differences among subpopulations of microbes in a wide variety of aquatic environments. 25655777 8 37 from differences 1541:1551 arg1 environments 1615:1626 aquatic environments 1607:1626 aquatic environments 1607:1626 Future applications of this method include exploration of the stoichiometric, biochemical and genetic differences among subpopulations of microbes in a wide variety of aquatic environments. 25655777 5 38 theme field 920:924 arg1 samples 926:932 field samples 920:932 field samples 920:932 We provided proof of concept that eukaryotic microbes could be cleanly separated from prokaryotes in cultures and in field samples, enabling detection of differences in their biochemical makeup. 25655777 2 39 theme sizes 420:424 arg1 surfaces 381:388 filter surfaces 374:388 filter surfaces of nominally much larger pore sizes 374:424 Size separation by filtration is usually unsuccessful because the smaller group of organisms contaminates the larger fractions due to being trapped on filter surfaces of nominally much larger pore sizes. 25655777 0 40 theme downstream 31:40 arg1 analysis 54:61 downstream biochemical analysis 31:61 downstream biochemical analysis of aquatic microbes 31:81 A simple separation method for downstream biochemical analysis of aquatic microbes. 25655777 2 41 theme due 350:352 arg1 fractions 340:348 the larger fractions 329:348 the larger fractions due to being trapped on filter surfaces of nominally much larger pore sizes 329:424 Size separation by filtration is usually unsuccessful because the smaller group of organisms contaminates the larger fractions due to being trapped on filter surfaces of nominally much larger pore sizes. 25655777 6 42 theme microorganisms 1178:1191 arg1 abundances 1164:1173 abundances 1164:1173 abundances of microorganisms 1164:1191 We explored methodological issues regarding separation mechanisms, fixation, and pre-concentration via tangential flow filtration of oligotrophic marine waters where abundances of microorganisms are comparably low. 25655777 8 43 theme method 1467:1472 arg1 applications 1446:1457 Future applications 1439:1457 Future applications of this method 1439:1472 Future applications of this method include exploration of the stoichiometric, biochemical and genetic differences among subpopulations of microbes in a wide variety of aquatic environments. 25655777 2 44 theme pore 415:418 arg1 sizes 420:424 nominally much larger pore sizes 393:424 nominally much larger pore sizes 393:424 Size separation by filtration is usually unsuccessful because the smaller group of organisms contaminates the larger fractions due to being trapped on filter surfaces of nominally much larger pore sizes. 25655777 8 45 from variety 1596:1602 arg1 exploration 1482:1492 exploration 1482:1492 exploration of the stoichiometric, biochemical and genetic differences among subpopulations of microbes in a wide variety of aquatic environments 1482:1626 Future applications of this method include exploration of the stoichiometric, biochemical and genetic differences among subpopulations of microbes in a wide variety of aquatic environments. 25655777 7 46 dep isopycnal 1281:1289 arg1 i.e. 1275:1278 i.e. 1275:1278 i.e. 1275:1278 By selecting an appropriate centrifugal force, two processes (i.e., isopycnal and rate-zonal separation) can be exploited simultaneously resulting in finely-separated density fractions, which also resulted in size separation. 25655777 8 47 theme differences 1541:1551 arg1 exploration 1482:1492 exploration 1482:1492 exploration of the stoichiometric, biochemical and genetic differences among subpopulations of microbes in a wide variety of aquatic environments 1482:1626 Future applications of this method include exploration of the stoichiometric, biochemical and genetic differences among subpopulations of microbes in a wide variety of aquatic environments. 25655777 2 48 theme larger 408:413 arg1 sizes 420:424 nominally much larger pore sizes 393:424 nominally much larger pore sizes 393:424 Size separation by filtration is usually unsuccessful because the smaller group of organisms contaminates the larger fractions due to being trapped on filter surfaces of nominally much larger pore sizes. 25655777 8 49 theme genetic 1533:1539 arg1 differences 1541:1551 the stoichiometric, biochemical and genetic differences 1497:1551 the stoichiometric, biochemical and genetic differences among subpopulations of microbes in a wide variety of aquatic environments 1497:1626 Future applications of this method include exploration of the stoichiometric, biochemical and genetic differences among subpopulations of microbes in a wide variety of aquatic environments. 25655777 3 50 theme bulk 588:591 arg1 composition 605:615 their bulk biochemical composition 582:615 their bulk biochemical composition (proteins, polysaccharides+nucleic acids, and lipids) 582:669 Here we demonstrate that a simple sucrose density separation method allowed us to separate microorganisms of even subtle size differences and to determine their bulk biochemical composition (proteins, polysaccharides+nucleic acids, and lipids). 25655777 0 51 theme biochemical 42:52 arg1 analysis 54:61 downstream biochemical analysis 31:61 downstream biochemical analysis of aquatic microbes 31:81 A simple separation method for downstream biochemical analysis of aquatic microbes. 25655777 3 52 theme biochemical 593:603 arg1 composition 605:615 their bulk biochemical composition 582:615 their bulk biochemical composition (proteins, polysaccharides+nucleic acids, and lipids) 582:669 Here we demonstrate that a simple sucrose density separation method allowed us to separate microorganisms of even subtle size differences and to determine their bulk biochemical composition (proteins, polysaccharides+nucleic acids, and lipids). 25655777 1 53 theme chemical 106:113 arg1 composition 115:125 the chemical composition 102:125 the chemical composition of aquatic microbes 102:145 In order to study the chemical composition of aquatic microbes it is necessary to obtain completely separated fractions of subpopulations. 25655777 8 54 theme stoichiometric 1501:1514 arg1 differences 1541:1551 the stoichiometric, biochemical and genetic differences 1497:1551 the stoichiometric, biochemical and genetic differences among subpopulations of microbes in a wide variety of aquatic environments 1497:1626 Future applications of this method include exploration of the stoichiometric, biochemical and genetic differences among subpopulations of microbes in a wide variety of aquatic environments. 25655777 1 55 theme aquatic 130:136 arg1 microbes 138:145 aquatic microbes 130:145 aquatic microbes 130:145 In order to study the chemical composition of aquatic microbes it is necessary to obtain completely separated fractions of subpopulations. 25655777 3 56 theme polysaccharides+nucleic 628:650 arg1 acids 652:656 polysaccharides+nucleic acids 628:656 polysaccharides+nucleic acids 628:656 Here we demonstrate that a simple sucrose density separation method allowed us to separate microorganisms of even subtle size differences and to determine their bulk biochemical composition (proteins, polysaccharides+nucleic acids, and lipids). 25655777 3 57 theme separation 477:486 arg1 method 488:493 a simple sucrose density separation method 452:493 a simple sucrose density separation method 452:493 Here we demonstrate that a simple sucrose density separation method allowed us to separate microorganisms of even subtle size differences and to determine their bulk biochemical composition (proteins, polysaccharides+nucleic acids, and lipids). 25655777 4 58 theme biochemical 776:786 arg1 fractionation 788:800 biochemical fractionation 776:800 biochemical fractionation 776:800 Both autotrophs and heterotrophs (through anaplerotic pathways) were labeled with (14)C-bicarbonate for biochemical fractionation. 25655777 8 59 theme microbes 1577:1584 arg1 subpopulations 1559:1572 subpopulations 1559:1572 subpopulations of microbes 1559:1584 Future applications of this method include exploration of the stoichiometric, biochemical and genetic differences among subpopulations of microbes in a wide variety of aquatic environments. 25655777 5 60 theme biochemical 978:988 arg1 makeup 990:995 their biochemical makeup 972:995 their biochemical makeup 972:995 We provided proof of concept that eukaryotic microbes could be cleanly separated from prokaryotes in cultures and in field samples, enabling detection of differences in their biochemical makeup. 25655777 2 61 theme larger 333:338 arg1 fractions 340:348 the larger fractions 329:348 the larger fractions due to being trapped on filter surfaces of nominally much larger pore sizes 329:424 Size separation by filtration is usually unsuccessful because the smaller group of organisms contaminates the larger fractions due to being trapped on filter surfaces of nominally much larger pore sizes. 25655777 0 62 theme aquatic 66:72 arg1 microbes 74:81 aquatic microbes 66:81 aquatic microbes 66:81 A simple separation method for downstream biochemical analysis of aquatic microbes. 25655777 1 63 theme subpopulations 207:220 arg1 fractions 194:202 completely separated fractions 173:202 completely separated fractions of subpopulations 173:220 In order to study the chemical composition of aquatic microbes it is necessary to obtain completely separated fractions of subpopulations. 25655777 3 64 theme sucrose 461:467 arg1 method 488:493 a simple sucrose density separation method 452:493 a simple sucrose density separation method 452:493 Here we demonstrate that a simple sucrose density separation method allowed us to separate microorganisms of even subtle size differences and to determine their bulk biochemical composition (proteins, polysaccharides+nucleic acids, and lipids). 25655777 2 65 theme filter 374:379 arg1 surfaces 381:388 filter surfaces 374:388 filter surfaces of nominally much larger pore sizes 374:424 Size separation by filtration is usually unsuccessful because the smaller group of organisms contaminates the larger fractions due to being trapped on filter surfaces of nominally much larger pore sizes. 25655777 5 66 from differences 957:967 arg1 makeup 990:995 their biochemical makeup 972:995 their biochemical makeup 972:995 We provided proof of concept that eukaryotic microbes could be cleanly separated from prokaryotes in cultures and in field samples, enabling detection of differences in their biochemical makeup. 25655777 7 67 theme size 1422:1425 arg1 separation 1427:1436 size separation 1422:1436 size separation 1422:1436 By selecting an appropriate centrifugal force, two processes (i.e., isopycnal and rate-zonal separation) can be exploited simultaneously resulting in finely-separated density fractions, which also resulted in size separation. 25655777 5 68 theme eukaryotic 837:846 arg1 microbes 848:855 eukaryotic microbes 837:855 eukaryotic microbes 837:855 We provided proof of concept that eukaryotic microbes could be cleanly separated from prokaryotes in cultures and in field samples, enabling detection of differences in their biochemical makeup. 25655777 1 69 theme microbes 138:145 arg1 composition 115:125 the chemical composition 102:125 the chemical composition of aquatic microbes 102:145 In order to study the chemical composition of aquatic microbes it is necessary to obtain completely separated fractions of subpopulations. 25655777 7 70 theme centrifugal 1241:1251 arg1 force 1253:1257 an appropriate centrifugal force 1226:1257 an appropriate centrifugal force 1226:1257 By selecting an appropriate centrifugal force, two processes (i.e., isopycnal and rate-zonal separation) can be exploited simultaneously resulting in finely-separated density fractions, which also resulted in size separation. 25655777 6 71 theme separation 1042:1051 arg1 mechanisms 1053:1062 separation mechanisms 1042:1062 separation mechanisms 1042:1062 We explored methodological issues regarding separation mechanisms, fixation, and pre-concentration via tangential flow filtration of oligotrophic marine waters where abundances of microorganisms are comparably low. 27474624 5 0 theme bone 863:866 arg1 tissues 868:874 bone tissues 863:874 bone tissues 863:874 The ε values observed at physiological temperature in the frequency ranges applied are similar to ε data available for bone tissues. 27474624 5 1 theme ε 748:748 arg1 values 750:755 The ε values 744:755 The ε values observed at physiological temperature in the frequency ranges applied 744:825 The ε values observed at physiological temperature in the frequency ranges applied are similar to ε data available for bone tissues. 27474624 5 1 theme ε 748:748 arg1 similar 831:837 similar 831:837 similar 831:837 The ε values observed at physiological temperature in the frequency ranges applied are similar to ε data available for bone tissues. 27474624 2 2 dep application 414:424 arg1 method 449:454 method 449:454 application of equivalent circuits method 414:454 Dielectric and electric properties of the materials were studied by dielectric spectroscopy, including application of equivalent circuits method and computer simulations. 27474624 0 3 theme Dielectric 104:113 arg1 spectroscopy 115:126 Dielectric spectroscopy 104:126 Dielectric spectroscopy 104:126 Dielectric and electric properties of new chitosan-hydroxyapatite materials for biomedical application: Dielectric spectroscopy and corona treatment. 27474624 0 4 theme corona 132:137 arg1 treatment 139:147 corona treatment 132:147 corona treatment 132:147 Dielectric and electric properties of new chitosan-hydroxyapatite materials for biomedical application: Dielectric spectroscopy and corona treatment. 27474624 2 5 theme electric 326:333 arg1 properties 335:344 Dielectric and electric properties 311:344 Dielectric and electric properties of the materials 311:361 Dielectric and electric properties of the materials were studied by dielectric spectroscopy, including application of equivalent circuits method and computer simulations. 27474624 2 6 theme computer 460:467 arg1 application 414:424 application 414:424 application of equivalent circuits method 414:454 Dielectric and electric properties of the materials were studied by dielectric spectroscopy, including application of equivalent circuits method and computer simulations. 27474624 2 6 theme computer 460:467 arg1 simulations 469:479 computer simulations 460:479 computer simulations 460:479 Dielectric and electric properties of the materials were studied by dielectric spectroscopy, including application of equivalent circuits method and computer simulations. 27474624 5 7 theme ε 842:842 arg1 data 844:847 ε data 842:847 ε data available for bone tissues 842:874 The ε values observed at physiological temperature in the frequency ranges applied are similar to ε data available for bone tissues. 27474624 3 8 theme Dielectric 482:491 arg1 spectroscopy 493:504 Dielectric spectroscopy 482:504 Dielectric spectroscopy 482:504 Dielectric spectroscopy shows behavior of the materials quite different from that of both chitosan and HA alone. 27474624 3 9 from that 559:562 arg1 different 544:552 different 544:552 different 544:552 Dielectric spectroscopy shows behavior of the materials quite different from that of both chitosan and HA alone. 27474624 1 10 theme discharge 271:279 arg1 treatment 281:289 corona discharge treatment 264:289 corona discharge treatment 264:289 Chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite materials were synthesized and the possibility to make their surface charged by corona discharge treatment has been evaluated. 27474624 2 11 theme circuits 440:447 arg1 application 414:424 application 414:424 application of equivalent circuits method 414:454 Dielectric and electric properties of the materials were studied by dielectric spectroscopy, including application of equivalent circuits method and computer simulations. 27474624 2 12 theme materials 353:361 arg1 properties 335:344 Dielectric and electric properties 311:344 Dielectric and electric properties of the materials 311:361 Dielectric and electric properties of the materials were studied by dielectric spectroscopy, including application of equivalent circuits method and computer simulations. 27474624 3 13 theme different 544:552 arg1 materials 528:536 the materials 524:536 the materials quite different from that of both chitosan and HA alone 524:592 Dielectric spectroscopy shows behavior of the materials quite different from that of both chitosan and HA alone. 27474624 0 14 theme electric 15:22 arg1 properties 24:33 electric properties 15:33 electric properties 15:33 Dielectric and electric properties of new chitosan-hydroxyapatite materials for biomedical application: Dielectric spectroscopy and corona treatment. 27474624 4 15 theme particular 644:653 arg1 interest 655:662 particular interest 644:662 particular interest 644:662 The obtained dielectric permittivity data are of particular interest in predicting the materials' behavior in electrostimulation after implantation. 27474624 5 16 theme frequency 802:810 arg1 ranges 812:817 the frequency ranges 798:817 the frequency ranges applied 798:825 The ε values observed at physiological temperature in the frequency ranges applied are similar to ε data available for bone tissues. 27474624 0 17 theme new 38:40 arg1 materials 66:74 new chitosan-hydroxyapatite materials 38:74 new chitosan-hydroxyapatite materials 38:74 Dielectric and electric properties of new chitosan-hydroxyapatite materials for biomedical application: Dielectric spectroscopy and corona treatment. 27474624 1 18 theme charged 253:259 arg1 surface 245:251 their surface 239:251 their surface charged by corona discharge treatment 239:289 Chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite materials were synthesized and the possibility to make their surface charged by corona discharge treatment has been evaluated. 27474624 3 19 theme materials 528:536 arg1 behavior 512:519 behavior 512:519 behavior of the materials quite different from that of both chitosan and HA alone 512:592 Dielectric spectroscopy shows behavior of the materials quite different from that of both chitosan and HA alone. 27474624 4 20 theme obtained 599:606 arg1 data 632:635 The obtained dielectric permittivity data 595:635 The obtained dielectric permittivity data 595:635 The obtained dielectric permittivity data are of particular interest in predicting the materials' behavior in electrostimulation after implantation. 27474624 0 21 theme materials 66:74 arg1 Dielectric 0:9 Dielectric 0:9 Dielectric 0:9 Dielectric and electric properties of new chitosan-hydroxyapatite materials for biomedical application: Dielectric spectroscopy and corona treatment. 27474624 0 21 theme materials 66:74 arg1 properties 24:33 electric properties 15:33 electric properties 15:33 Dielectric and electric properties of new chitosan-hydroxyapatite materials for biomedical application: Dielectric spectroscopy and corona treatment. 27474624 5 22 theme available 849:857 arg1 data 844:847 ε data 842:847 ε data available for bone tissues 842:874 The ε values observed at physiological temperature in the frequency ranges applied are similar to ε data available for bone tissues. 27474624 0 23 theme chitosan-hydroxyapatite 42:64 arg1 materials 66:74 new chitosan-hydroxyapatite materials 38:74 new chitosan-hydroxyapatite materials 38:74 Dielectric and electric properties of new chitosan-hydroxyapatite materials for biomedical application: Dielectric spectroscopy and corona treatment. 27474624 4 24 theme permittivity 619:630 arg1 data 632:635 The obtained dielectric permittivity data 595:635 The obtained dielectric permittivity data 595:635 The obtained dielectric permittivity data are of particular interest in predicting the materials' behavior in electrostimulation after implantation. 27474624 5 25 theme physiological 769:781 arg1 temperature 783:793 physiological temperature 769:793 physiological temperature 769:793 The ε values observed at physiological temperature in the frequency ranges applied are similar to ε data available for bone tissues. 27474624 4 26 theme dielectric 608:617 arg1 data 632:635 The obtained dielectric permittivity data 595:635 The obtained dielectric permittivity data 595:635 The obtained dielectric permittivity data are of particular interest in predicting the materials' behavior in electrostimulation after implantation. 27474624 2 27 theme Dielectric 311:320 arg1 properties 335:344 Dielectric and electric properties 311:344 Dielectric and electric properties of the materials 311:361 Dielectric and electric properties of the materials were studied by dielectric spectroscopy, including application of equivalent circuits method and computer simulations. 27474624 1 28 theme Chitosan-hydroxyapatite 150:172 arg1 materials 184:192 Chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite materials 150:192 Chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite materials 150:192 Chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite materials were synthesized and the possibility to make their surface charged by corona discharge treatment has been evaluated. 27474624 1 29 theme corona 264:269 arg1 treatment 281:289 corona discharge treatment 264:289 corona discharge treatment 264:289 Chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite materials were synthesized and the possibility to make their surface charged by corona discharge treatment has been evaluated. 27474624 1 30 theme composite 174:182 arg1 materials 184:192 Chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite materials 150:192 Chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite materials 150:192 Chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite materials were synthesized and the possibility to make their surface charged by corona discharge treatment has been evaluated. 27474624 5 31 located observed 757:764 arg1 temperature 783:793 physiological temperature 769:793 physiological temperature 769:793 The ε values observed at physiological temperature in the frequency ranges applied are similar to ε data available for bone tissues. 27474624 5 31 located observed 757:764 arg2 values 750:755 The ε values 744:755 The ε values observed at physiological temperature in the frequency ranges applied 744:825 The ε values observed at physiological temperature in the frequency ranges applied are similar to ε data available for bone tissues. 27474624 5 31 located observed 757:764 arg1 ranges 812:817 the frequency ranges 798:817 the frequency ranges applied 798:825 The ε values observed at physiological temperature in the frequency ranges applied are similar to ε data available for bone tissues. 27474624 5 31 located observed 757:764 arg2 similar 831:837 similar 831:837 similar 831:837 The ε values observed at physiological temperature in the frequency ranges applied are similar to ε data available for bone tissues. 27474624 2 32 theme dielectric 379:388 arg1 spectroscopy 390:401 dielectric spectroscopy 379:401 dielectric spectroscopy 379:401 Dielectric and electric properties of the materials were studied by dielectric spectroscopy, including application of equivalent circuits method and computer simulations. 27474624 0 33 theme biomedical 80:89 arg1 application 91:101 biomedical application 80:101 biomedical application 80:101 Dielectric and electric properties of new chitosan-hydroxyapatite materials for biomedical application: Dielectric spectroscopy and corona treatment. 27474624 2 34 theme equivalent 429:438 arg1 circuits 440:447 equivalent circuits 429:447 equivalent circuits 429:447 Dielectric and electric properties of the materials were studied by dielectric spectroscopy, including application of equivalent circuits method and computer simulations. 27474624 4 35 from behavior 693:700 arg1 electrostimulation 705:722 electrostimulation 705:722 electrostimulation 705:722 The obtained dielectric permittivity data are of particular interest in predicting the materials' behavior in electrostimulation after implantation. 27474624 0 36 dep Dielectric 0:9 arg1 spectroscopy 115:126 Dielectric spectroscopy 104:126 Dielectric spectroscopy 104:126 Dielectric and electric properties of new chitosan-hydroxyapatite materials for biomedical application: Dielectric spectroscopy and corona treatment. 27474624 0 36 dep Dielectric 0:9 arg1 treatment 139:147 corona treatment 132:147 corona treatment 132:147 Dielectric and electric properties of new chitosan-hydroxyapatite materials for biomedical application: Dielectric spectroscopy and corona treatment. 26076603 1 0 theme mass 328:331 arg1 linters 340:346 high molecular mass cotton linters 313:346 high molecular mass cotton linters (BWL samples) 313:360 Two series of sodium carboxymethyl celluloses (NaCMC) with average degrees of substitution (DS) ranging from 0.45 to 1.55 were synthesized from low molecular mass Avicel cellulose (Avicel samples) and from high molecular mass cotton linters (BWL samples). 26076603 1 0 theme mass 328:331 arg1 samples 353:359 BWL samples 349:359 BWL samples 349:359 Two series of sodium carboxymethyl celluloses (NaCMC) with average degrees of substitution (DS) ranging from 0.45 to 1.55 were synthesized from low molecular mass Avicel cellulose (Avicel samples) and from high molecular mass cotton linters (BWL samples). 26076603 7 1 theme methods 1320:1326 arg1 results 1304:1310 the results 1300:1310 the results of both methods 1300:1326 Such blends cannot be efficiently separated by either SEC or gradient chromatography alone, nor by simply combining the results of both methods. 26076603 1 2 theme low 251:253 arg1 cellulose 277:285 low molecular mass Avicel cellulose 251:285 low molecular mass Avicel cellulose (Avicel samples) 251:302 Two series of sodium carboxymethyl celluloses (NaCMC) with average degrees of substitution (DS) ranging from 0.45 to 1.55 were synthesized from low molecular mass Avicel cellulose (Avicel samples) and from high molecular mass cotton linters (BWL samples). 26076603 1 2 theme low 251:253 arg1 samples 295:301 Avicel samples 288:301 Avicel samples 288:301 Two series of sodium carboxymethyl celluloses (NaCMC) with average degrees of substitution (DS) ranging from 0.45 to 1.55 were synthesized from low molecular mass Avicel cellulose (Avicel samples) and from high molecular mass cotton linters (BWL samples). 26076603 1 3 theme cotton 333:338 arg1 linters 340:346 high molecular mass cotton linters 313:346 high molecular mass cotton linters (BWL samples) 313:360 Two series of sodium carboxymethyl celluloses (NaCMC) with average degrees of substitution (DS) ranging from 0.45 to 1.55 were synthesized from low molecular mass Avicel cellulose (Avicel samples) and from high molecular mass cotton linters (BWL samples). 26076603 1 3 theme cotton 333:338 arg1 samples 353:359 BWL samples 349:359 BWL samples 349:359 Two series of sodium carboxymethyl celluloses (NaCMC) with average degrees of substitution (DS) ranging from 0.45 to 1.55 were synthesized from low molecular mass Avicel cellulose (Avicel samples) and from high molecular mass cotton linters (BWL samples). 26076603 5 4 theme gradient 894:901 arg1 volume 911:916 gradient elution volume 894:916 gradient elution volume 894:916 As expected, evidence for a stronger influence of molar mass on gradient elution volume was found for the low molecular mass NaCMC as compared to the high molecular mass BWL samples. 26076603 1 5 theme molecular 255:263 arg1 cellulose 277:285 low molecular mass Avicel cellulose 251:285 low molecular mass Avicel cellulose (Avicel samples) 251:302 Two series of sodium carboxymethyl celluloses (NaCMC) with average degrees of substitution (DS) ranging from 0.45 to 1.55 were synthesized from low molecular mass Avicel cellulose (Avicel samples) and from high molecular mass cotton linters (BWL samples). 26076603 1 5 theme molecular 255:263 arg1 samples 295:301 Avicel samples 288:301 Avicel samples 288:301 Two series of sodium carboxymethyl celluloses (NaCMC) with average degrees of substitution (DS) ranging from 0.45 to 1.55 were synthesized from low molecular mass Avicel cellulose (Avicel samples) and from high molecular mass cotton linters (BWL samples). 26076603 8 6 theme two-dimensional 1347:1361 arg1 chromatogram 1363:1374 Only the complete two-dimensional chromatogram 1329:1374 Only the complete two-dimensional chromatogram 1329:1374 Only the complete two-dimensional chromatogram can reveal the complexity of such blends, since it reveals the correlations between molar mass and chemical composition. 26076603 8 7 theme such 1405:1408 arg1 blends 1410:1415 such blends 1405:1415 such blends 1405:1415 Only the complete two-dimensional chromatogram can reveal the complexity of such blends, since it reveals the correlations between molar mass and chemical composition. 26076603 5 8 theme mass 950:953 arg1 NaCMC 955:959 the low molecular mass NaCMC 932:959 the low molecular mass NaCMC as compared to the high molecular mass BWL samples 932:1010 As expected, evidence for a stronger influence of molar mass on gradient elution volume was found for the low molecular mass NaCMC as compared to the high molecular mass BWL samples. 26076603 5 9 theme molecular 940:948 arg1 mass 950:953 the low molecular mass 932:953 the low molecular mass NaCMC as compared to the high molecular mass BWL samples 932:1010 As expected, evidence for a stronger influence of molar mass on gradient elution volume was found for the low molecular mass NaCMC as compared to the high molecular mass BWL samples. 26076603 1 10 theme mass 265:268 arg1 cellulose 277:285 low molecular mass Avicel cellulose 251:285 low molecular mass Avicel cellulose (Avicel samples) 251:302 Two series of sodium carboxymethyl celluloses (NaCMC) with average degrees of substitution (DS) ranging from 0.45 to 1.55 were synthesized from low molecular mass Avicel cellulose (Avicel samples) and from high molecular mass cotton linters (BWL samples). 26076603 1 10 theme mass 265:268 arg1 samples 295:301 Avicel samples 288:301 Avicel samples 288:301 Two series of sodium carboxymethyl celluloses (NaCMC) with average degrees of substitution (DS) ranging from 0.45 to 1.55 were synthesized from low molecular mass Avicel cellulose (Avicel samples) and from high molecular mass cotton linters (BWL samples). 26076603 7 11 theme Such 1184:1187 arg1 blends 1189:1194 Such blends 1184:1194 Such blends 1184:1194 Such blends cannot be efficiently separated by either SEC or gradient chromatography alone, nor by simply combining the results of both methods. 26076603 6 12 theme molar 1155:1159 arg1 mass 1161:1164 molar mass 1155:1164 molar mass 1155:1164 Finally the applicability of the method for the simultaneous separation of blends heterogeneous with respect to chemical composition (DS) and molar mass was demonstrated. 26076603 1 13 theme Avicel 270:275 arg1 cellulose 277:285 low molecular mass Avicel cellulose 251:285 low molecular mass Avicel cellulose (Avicel samples) 251:302 Two series of sodium carboxymethyl celluloses (NaCMC) with average degrees of substitution (DS) ranging from 0.45 to 1.55 were synthesized from low molecular mass Avicel cellulose (Avicel samples) and from high molecular mass cotton linters (BWL samples). 26076603 1 13 theme Avicel 270:275 arg1 samples 295:301 Avicel samples 288:301 Avicel samples 288:301 Two series of sodium carboxymethyl celluloses (NaCMC) with average degrees of substitution (DS) ranging from 0.45 to 1.55 were synthesized from low molecular mass Avicel cellulose (Avicel samples) and from high molecular mass cotton linters (BWL samples). 26076603 1 14 theme BWL 349:351 arg1 linters 340:346 high molecular mass cotton linters 313:346 high molecular mass cotton linters (BWL samples) 313:360 Two series of sodium carboxymethyl celluloses (NaCMC) with average degrees of substitution (DS) ranging from 0.45 to 1.55 were synthesized from low molecular mass Avicel cellulose (Avicel samples) and from high molecular mass cotton linters (BWL samples). 26076603 1 14 theme BWL 349:351 arg1 samples 353:359 BWL samples 349:359 BWL samples 349:359 Two series of sodium carboxymethyl celluloses (NaCMC) with average degrees of substitution (DS) ranging from 0.45 to 1.55 were synthesized from low molecular mass Avicel cellulose (Avicel samples) and from high molecular mass cotton linters (BWL samples). 26076603 4 15 theme volume 781:786 arg1 dependence 755:764 the dependence 751:764 the dependence of the elution volume in gradient chromatography on molar mass 751:827 Moreover information was obtained on the dependence of the elution volume in gradient chromatography on molar mass. 26076603 1 16 theme substitution 185:196 arg1 degrees 174:180 average degrees 166:180 average degrees of substitution (DS) ranging from 0.45 to 1.55 166:227 Two series of sodium carboxymethyl celluloses (NaCMC) with average degrees of substitution (DS) ranging from 0.45 to 1.55 were synthesized from low molecular mass Avicel cellulose (Avicel samples) and from high molecular mass cotton linters (BWL samples). 26076603 2 17 theme exclusion 512:520 arg1 chromatography 522:535 size exclusion chromatography 507:535 size exclusion chromatography (SEC) 507:541 The samples were characterized by online two-dimensional liquid chromatography using gradient liquid adsorption chromatography in the first and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) in the second dimension. 26076603 2 17 theme exclusion 512:520 arg1 SEC 538:540 SEC 538:540 SEC 538:540 The samples were characterized by online two-dimensional liquid chromatography using gradient liquid adsorption chromatography in the first and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) in the second dimension. 26076603 4 18 from dependence 755:764 arg1 chromatography 800:813 gradient chromatography 791:813 gradient chromatography on molar mass 791:827 Moreover information was obtained on the dependence of the elution volume in gradient chromatography on molar mass. 26076603 4 18 from dependence 755:764 arg1 mass 824:827 molar mass 818:827 molar mass 818:827 Moreover information was obtained on the dependence of the elution volume in gradient chromatography on molar mass. 26076603 4 19 theme elution 773:779 arg1 volume 781:786 the elution volume 769:786 the elution volume 769:786 Moreover information was obtained on the dependence of the elution volume in gradient chromatography on molar mass. 26076603 6 20 theme simultaneous 1061:1072 arg1 separation 1074:1083 the simultaneous separation 1057:1083 the simultaneous separation of blends heterogeneous with respect to chemical composition (DS) and molar mass 1057:1164 Finally the applicability of the method for the simultaneous separation of blends heterogeneous with respect to chemical composition (DS) and molar mass was demonstrated. 26076603 5 21 theme stronger 858:865 arg1 influence 867:875 a stronger influence 856:875 a stronger influence of molar mass on gradient elution volume 856:916 As expected, evidence for a stronger influence of molar mass on gradient elution volume was found for the low molecular mass NaCMC as compared to the high molecular mass BWL samples. 26076603 2 22 theme gradient 448:455 arg1 chromatography 475:488 gradient liquid adsorption chromatography 448:488 gradient liquid adsorption chromatography in the first 448:501 The samples were characterized by online two-dimensional liquid chromatography using gradient liquid adsorption chromatography in the first and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) in the second dimension. 26076603 2 23 from chromatography 475:488 arg1 first 497:501 first 497:501 first 497:501 The samples were characterized by online two-dimensional liquid chromatography using gradient liquid adsorption chromatography in the first and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) in the second dimension. 26076603 1 24 with celluloses 142:151 arg1 degrees 174:180 average degrees 166:180 average degrees of substitution (DS) ranging from 0.45 to 1.55 166:227 Two series of sodium carboxymethyl celluloses (NaCMC) with average degrees of substitution (DS) ranging from 0.45 to 1.55 were synthesized from low molecular mass Avicel cellulose (Avicel samples) and from high molecular mass cotton linters (BWL samples). 26076603 8 25 theme complete 1338:1345 arg1 chromatogram 1363:1374 Only the complete two-dimensional chromatogram 1329:1374 Only the complete two-dimensional chromatogram 1329:1374 Only the complete two-dimensional chromatogram can reveal the complexity of such blends, since it reveals the correlations between molar mass and chemical composition. 26076603 7 26 theme gradient 1245:1252 arg1 chromatography 1254:1267 gradient chromatography 1245:1267 gradient chromatography alone 1245:1273 Such blends cannot be efficiently separated by either SEC or gradient chromatography alone, nor by simply combining the results of both methods. 26076603 6 27 theme method 1046:1051 arg1 applicability 1025:1037 the applicability 1021:1037 the applicability of the method for the simultaneous separation of blends heterogeneous with respect to chemical composition (DS) and molar mass 1021:1164 Finally the applicability of the method for the simultaneous separation of blends heterogeneous with respect to chemical composition (DS) and molar mass was demonstrated. 26076603 8 28 theme molar 1460:1464 arg1 mass 1466:1469 molar mass 1460:1469 molar mass 1460:1469 Only the complete two-dimensional chromatogram can reveal the complexity of such blends, since it reveals the correlations between molar mass and chemical composition. 26076603 2 29 from chromatography 522:535 arg1 first 497:501 first 497:501 first 497:501 The samples were characterized by online two-dimensional liquid chromatography using gradient liquid adsorption chromatography in the first and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) in the second dimension. 26076603 0 30 theme carboxymethyl 27:39 arg1 cellulose 41:49 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 20:49 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 20:49 Characterization of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose by comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography. 26076603 2 31 theme second 550:555 arg1 dimension 557:565 the second dimension 546:565 the second dimension 546:565 The samples were characterized by online two-dimensional liquid chromatography using gradient liquid adsorption chromatography in the first and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) in the second dimension. 26076603 6 32 theme chemical 1125:1132 arg1 DS 1147:1148 DS 1147:1148 DS 1147:1148 Finally the applicability of the method for the simultaneous separation of blends heterogeneous with respect to chemical composition (DS) and molar mass was demonstrated. 26076603 6 32 theme chemical 1125:1132 arg1 composition 1134:1144 chemical composition 1125:1144 chemical composition (DS) 1125:1149 Finally the applicability of the method for the simultaneous separation of blends heterogeneous with respect to chemical composition (DS) and molar mass was demonstrated. 26076603 1 33 theme sodium 121:126 arg1 NaCMC 154:158 NaCMC 154:158 NaCMC 154:158 Two series of sodium carboxymethyl celluloses (NaCMC) with average degrees of substitution (DS) ranging from 0.45 to 1.55 were synthesized from low molecular mass Avicel cellulose (Avicel samples) and from high molecular mass cotton linters (BWL samples). 26076603 1 33 theme sodium 121:126 arg1 celluloses 142:151 sodium carboxymethyl celluloses 121:151 sodium carboxymethyl celluloses (NaCMC) with average degrees of substitution (DS) ranging from 0.45 to 1.55 121:227 Two series of sodium carboxymethyl celluloses (NaCMC) with average degrees of substitution (DS) ranging from 0.45 to 1.55 were synthesized from low molecular mass Avicel cellulose (Avicel samples) and from high molecular mass cotton linters (BWL samples). 26076603 8 34 theme chemical 1475:1482 arg1 composition 1484:1494 chemical composition 1475:1494 chemical composition 1475:1494 Only the complete two-dimensional chromatogram can reveal the complexity of such blends, since it reveals the correlations between molar mass and chemical composition. 26076603 2 35 theme two-dimensional 404:418 arg1 chromatography 427:440 online two-dimensional liquid chromatography 397:440 online two-dimensional liquid chromatography using gradient liquid adsorption chromatography in the first and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) in the second dimension 397:565 The samples were characterized by online two-dimensional liquid chromatography using gradient liquid adsorption chromatography in the first and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) in the second dimension. 26076603 0 36 theme sodium 20:25 arg1 cellulose 41:49 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 20:49 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 20:49 Characterization of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose by comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography. 26076603 1 37 theme Avicel 288:293 arg1 cellulose 277:285 low molecular mass Avicel cellulose 251:285 low molecular mass Avicel cellulose (Avicel samples) 251:302 Two series of sodium carboxymethyl celluloses (NaCMC) with average degrees of substitution (DS) ranging from 0.45 to 1.55 were synthesized from low molecular mass Avicel cellulose (Avicel samples) and from high molecular mass cotton linters (BWL samples). 26076603 1 37 theme Avicel 288:293 arg1 samples 295:301 Avicel samples 288:301 Avicel samples 288:301 Two series of sodium carboxymethyl celluloses (NaCMC) with average degrees of substitution (DS) ranging from 0.45 to 1.55 were synthesized from low molecular mass Avicel cellulose (Avicel samples) and from high molecular mass cotton linters (BWL samples). 26076603 1 38 theme carboxymethyl 128:140 arg1 NaCMC 154:158 NaCMC 154:158 NaCMC 154:158 Two series of sodium carboxymethyl celluloses (NaCMC) with average degrees of substitution (DS) ranging from 0.45 to 1.55 were synthesized from low molecular mass Avicel cellulose (Avicel samples) and from high molecular mass cotton linters (BWL samples). 26076603 1 38 theme carboxymethyl 128:140 arg1 celluloses 142:151 sodium carboxymethyl celluloses 121:151 sodium carboxymethyl celluloses (NaCMC) with average degrees of substitution (DS) ranging from 0.45 to 1.55 121:227 Two series of sodium carboxymethyl celluloses (NaCMC) with average degrees of substitution (DS) ranging from 0.45 to 1.55 were synthesized from low molecular mass Avicel cellulose (Avicel samples) and from high molecular mass cotton linters (BWL samples). 26076603 2 39 theme adsorption 464:473 arg1 chromatography 475:488 gradient liquid adsorption chromatography 448:488 gradient liquid adsorption chromatography in the first 448:501 The samples were characterized by online two-dimensional liquid chromatography using gradient liquid adsorption chromatography in the first and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) in the second dimension. 26076603 2 40 theme online 397:402 arg1 chromatography 427:440 online two-dimensional liquid chromatography 397:440 online two-dimensional liquid chromatography using gradient liquid adsorption chromatography in the first and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) in the second dimension 397:565 The samples were characterized by online two-dimensional liquid chromatography using gradient liquid adsorption chromatography in the first and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) in the second dimension. 26076603 5 41 theme molecular 985:993 arg1 mass 995:998 the high molecular mass 976:998 the high molecular mass BWL samples 976:1010 As expected, evidence for a stronger influence of molar mass on gradient elution volume was found for the low molecular mass NaCMC as compared to the high molecular mass BWL samples. 26076603 3 42 theme simultaneous 591:602 arg1 determination 604:616 the simultaneous determination 587:616 the simultaneous determination of the chemical composition (DS) 587:649 This method allows the simultaneous determination of the chemical composition (DS) and the molar mass distribution within the individual samples. 26076603 0 43 theme cellulose 41:49 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose by comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography. 0:105 Characterization of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose by comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography. 26076603 1 44 dep 1.55 224:227 arg1 to 221:222 to 221:222 to 221:222 Two series of sodium carboxymethyl celluloses (NaCMC) with average degrees of substitution (DS) ranging from 0.45 to 1.55 were synthesized from low molecular mass Avicel cellulose (Avicel samples) and from high molecular mass cotton linters (BWL samples). 26076603 4 45 theme molar 818:822 arg1 mass 824:827 molar mass 818:827 molar mass 818:827 Moreover information was obtained on the dependence of the elution volume in gradient chromatography on molar mass. 26076603 5 46 dep NaCMC 955:959 arg1 compared 964:971 compared 964:971 compared to the high molecular mass BWL samples 964:1010 As expected, evidence for a stronger influence of molar mass on gradient elution volume was found for the low molecular mass NaCMC as compared to the high molecular mass BWL samples. 26076603 0 47 theme two-dimensional 68:82 arg1 chromatography 91:104 comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography 54:104 comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography 54:104 Characterization of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose by comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography. 26076603 6 48 theme blends 1088:1093 arg1 separation 1074:1083 the simultaneous separation 1057:1083 the simultaneous separation of blends heterogeneous with respect to chemical composition (DS) and molar mass 1057:1164 Finally the applicability of the method for the simultaneous separation of blends heterogeneous with respect to chemical composition (DS) and molar mass was demonstrated. 26076603 1 49 theme celluloses 142:151 arg1 series 111:116 Two series 107:116 Two series of sodium carboxymethyl celluloses (NaCMC) with average degrees of substitution (DS) ranging from 0.45 to 1.55 107:227 Two series of sodium carboxymethyl celluloses (NaCMC) with average degrees of substitution (DS) ranging from 0.45 to 1.55 were synthesized from low molecular mass Avicel cellulose (Avicel samples) and from high molecular mass cotton linters (BWL samples). 26076603 0 50 theme comprehensive 54:66 arg1 chromatography 91:104 comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography 54:104 comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography 54:104 Characterization of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose by comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography. 26076603 3 51 theme individual 694:703 arg1 samples 705:711 the individual samples 690:711 the individual samples 690:711 This method allows the simultaneous determination of the chemical composition (DS) and the molar mass distribution within the individual samples. 26076603 2 52 theme liquid 457:462 arg1 chromatography 475:488 gradient liquid adsorption chromatography 448:488 gradient liquid adsorption chromatography in the first 448:501 The samples were characterized by online two-dimensional liquid chromatography using gradient liquid adsorption chromatography in the first and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) in the second dimension. 26076603 8 53 theme blends 1410:1415 arg1 complexity 1391:1400 the complexity 1387:1400 the complexity of such blends 1387:1415 Only the complete two-dimensional chromatogram can reveal the complexity of such blends, since it reveals the correlations between molar mass and chemical composition. 26076603 4 54 from mass 824:827 arg1 dependence 755:764 the dependence 751:764 the dependence of the elution volume in gradient chromatography on molar mass 751:827 Moreover information was obtained on the dependence of the elution volume in gradient chromatography on molar mass. 26076603 1 55 theme high 313:316 arg1 linters 340:346 high molecular mass cotton linters 313:346 high molecular mass cotton linters (BWL samples) 313:360 Two series of sodium carboxymethyl celluloses (NaCMC) with average degrees of substitution (DS) ranging from 0.45 to 1.55 were synthesized from low molecular mass Avicel cellulose (Avicel samples) and from high molecular mass cotton linters (BWL samples). 26076603 1 55 theme high 313:316 arg1 samples 353:359 BWL samples 349:359 BWL samples 349:359 Two series of sodium carboxymethyl celluloses (NaCMC) with average degrees of substitution (DS) ranging from 0.45 to 1.55 were synthesized from low molecular mass Avicel cellulose (Avicel samples) and from high molecular mass cotton linters (BWL samples). 26076603 4 56 theme gradient 791:798 arg1 chromatography 800:813 gradient chromatography 791:813 gradient chromatography on molar mass 791:827 Moreover information was obtained on the dependence of the elution volume in gradient chromatography on molar mass. 26076603 3 57 theme chemical 625:632 arg1 DS 647:648 DS 647:648 DS 647:648 This method allows the simultaneous determination of the chemical composition (DS) and the molar mass distribution within the individual samples. 26076603 3 57 theme chemical 625:632 arg1 composition 634:644 the chemical composition 621:644 the chemical composition (DS) 621:649 This method allows the simultaneous determination of the chemical composition (DS) and the molar mass distribution within the individual samples. 26076603 5 58 theme low 936:938 arg1 mass 950:953 the low molecular mass 932:953 the low molecular mass NaCMC as compared to the high molecular mass BWL samples 932:1010 As expected, evidence for a stronger influence of molar mass on gradient elution volume was found for the low molecular mass NaCMC as compared to the high molecular mass BWL samples. 26076603 6 59 theme heterogeneous 1095:1107 arg1 blends 1088:1093 blends 1088:1093 blends heterogeneous with respect to chemical composition (DS) and molar mass 1088:1164 Finally the applicability of the method for the simultaneous separation of blends heterogeneous with respect to chemical composition (DS) and molar mass was demonstrated. 26076603 5 60 theme elution 903:909 arg1 volume 911:916 gradient elution volume 894:916 gradient elution volume 894:916 As expected, evidence for a stronger influence of molar mass on gradient elution volume was found for the low molecular mass NaCMC as compared to the high molecular mass BWL samples. 26076603 3 61 theme composition 634:644 arg1 determination 604:616 the simultaneous determination 587:616 the simultaneous determination of the chemical composition (DS) 587:649 This method allows the simultaneous determination of the chemical composition (DS) and the molar mass distribution within the individual samples. 26076603 3 61 theme composition 634:644 arg1 distribution 670:681 the molar mass distribution 655:681 the molar mass distribution within the individual samples 655:711 This method allows the simultaneous determination of the chemical composition (DS) and the molar mass distribution within the individual samples. 26076603 5 62 from influence 867:875 arg1 volume 911:916 gradient elution volume 894:916 gradient elution volume 894:916 As expected, evidence for a stronger influence of molar mass on gradient elution volume was found for the low molecular mass NaCMC as compared to the high molecular mass BWL samples. 26076603 5 63 theme mass 886:889 arg1 influence 867:875 a stronger influence 856:875 a stronger influence of molar mass on gradient elution volume 856:916 As expected, evidence for a stronger influence of molar mass on gradient elution volume was found for the low molecular mass NaCMC as compared to the high molecular mass BWL samples. 26076603 2 64 theme size 507:510 arg1 chromatography 522:535 size exclusion chromatography 507:535 size exclusion chromatography (SEC) 507:541 The samples were characterized by online two-dimensional liquid chromatography using gradient liquid adsorption chromatography in the first and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) in the second dimension. 26076603 2 64 theme size 507:510 arg1 SEC 538:540 SEC 538:540 SEC 538:540 The samples were characterized by online two-dimensional liquid chromatography using gradient liquid adsorption chromatography in the first and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) in the second dimension. 26076603 3 65 theme molar 659:663 arg1 distribution 670:681 the molar mass distribution 655:681 the molar mass distribution within the individual samples 655:711 This method allows the simultaneous determination of the chemical composition (DS) and the molar mass distribution within the individual samples. 26076603 5 66 theme high 980:983 arg1 mass 995:998 the high molecular mass 976:998 the high molecular mass BWL samples 976:1010 As expected, evidence for a stronger influence of molar mass on gradient elution volume was found for the low molecular mass NaCMC as compared to the high molecular mass BWL samples. 26076603 4 67 from chromatography 800:813 arg1 mass 824:827 molar mass 818:827 molar mass 818:827 Moreover information was obtained on the dependence of the elution volume in gradient chromatography on molar mass. 26076603 5 68 theme molar 880:884 arg1 mass 886:889 molar mass 880:889 molar mass 880:889 As expected, evidence for a stronger influence of molar mass on gradient elution volume was found for the low molecular mass NaCMC as compared to the high molecular mass BWL samples. 26076603 3 69 theme mass 665:668 arg1 distribution 670:681 the molar mass distribution 655:681 the molar mass distribution within the individual samples 655:711 This method allows the simultaneous determination of the chemical composition (DS) and the molar mass distribution within the individual samples. 26076603 0 70 theme liquid 84:89 arg1 chromatography 91:104 comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography 54:104 comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography 54:104 Characterization of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose by comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography. 26076603 1 71 theme molecular 318:326 arg1 linters 340:346 high molecular mass cotton linters 313:346 high molecular mass cotton linters (BWL samples) 313:360 Two series of sodium carboxymethyl celluloses (NaCMC) with average degrees of substitution (DS) ranging from 0.45 to 1.55 were synthesized from low molecular mass Avicel cellulose (Avicel samples) and from high molecular mass cotton linters (BWL samples). 26076603 1 71 theme molecular 318:326 arg1 samples 353:359 BWL samples 349:359 BWL samples 349:359 Two series of sodium carboxymethyl celluloses (NaCMC) with average degrees of substitution (DS) ranging from 0.45 to 1.55 were synthesized from low molecular mass Avicel cellulose (Avicel samples) and from high molecular mass cotton linters (BWL samples). 26076603 2 72 theme liquid 420:425 arg1 chromatography 427:440 online two-dimensional liquid chromatography 397:440 online two-dimensional liquid chromatography using gradient liquid adsorption chromatography in the first and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) in the second dimension 397:565 The samples were characterized by online two-dimensional liquid chromatography using gradient liquid adsorption chromatography in the first and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) in the second dimension. 26076603 1 73 theme average 166:172 arg1 degrees 174:180 average degrees 166:180 average degrees of substitution (DS) ranging from 0.45 to 1.55 166:227 Two series of sodium carboxymethyl celluloses (NaCMC) with average degrees of substitution (DS) ranging from 0.45 to 1.55 were synthesized from low molecular mass Avicel cellulose (Avicel samples) and from high molecular mass cotton linters (BWL samples). 24708986 9 0 theme original 1626:1633 arg1 extraction 1664:1673 an original and up-scalable hydrothermal extraction 1623:1673 an original and up-scalable hydrothermal extraction 1623:1673 Here are also reported processes that enabled to recover enzyme-unextractable AXs from DWB, including an original and up-scalable hydrothermal extraction. 24708986 4 1 dep resulted 633:640 arg1 followed 703:710 followed 703:710 followed by ethanol precipitation 703:735 The fraction F4 resulted from a hydrothermal treatment of EDWB in a pressure reactor, followed by ethanol precipitation. 24708986 6 2 theme alkaline 991:998 arg1 extractions 1000:1010 The alkaline extractions 987:1010 The alkaline extractions 987:1010 The alkaline extractions gave one deesterified AX population with molecular mass (MM) higher than 670kDa and arabinose/xylose ratios (Ara/Xyl) around 1. 24708986 3 3 with treatment 553:561 arg1 hydroxide 575:583 sodium hydroxide 568:583 sodium hydroxide of, respectively, DWB and EDWB 568:614 F1 and F2 AX fractions were obtained by treatment with sodium hydroxide of, respectively, DWB and EDWB. 24708986 6 4 with population 1037:1046 arg1 mass 1063:1066 molecular mass 1053:1066 molecular mass (MM) higher than 670kDa and arabinose/xylose ratios (Ara/Xyl) around 1 1053:1137 The alkaline extractions gave one deesterified AX population with molecular mass (MM) higher than 670kDa and arabinose/xylose ratios (Ara/Xyl) around 1. 24708986 6 4 with population 1037:1046 arg1 MM 1069:1070 MM 1069:1070 MM 1069:1070 The alkaline extractions gave one deesterified AX population with molecular mass (MM) higher than 670kDa and arabinose/xylose ratios (Ara/Xyl) around 1. 24708986 8 5 from influence 1420:1428 arg1 characteristics 1452:1466 the characteristics 1448:1466 the characteristics of AX fractions obtained from pretreated wheat bran 1448:1518 These data bring information about the influence of the process on the characteristics of AX fractions obtained from pretreated wheat bran. 24708986 1 6 theme destarched 151:160 arg1 DWB 174:176 DWB 174:176 DWB 174:176 Arabinoxylans (AXs) were extracted from destarched wheat bran (DWB) according to different processes, with a view to their production at industrial scale. 24708986 1 6 theme destarched 151:160 arg1 bran 168:171 destarched wheat bran 151:171 destarched wheat bran (DWB) according to different processes 151:210 Arabinoxylans (AXs) were extracted from destarched wheat bran (DWB) according to different processes, with a view to their production at industrial scale. 24708986 0 7 theme fractions 91:99 arg1 characterization 67:82 characterization 67:82 characterization of the fractions obtained 67:108 Extraction by three processes of arabinoxylans from wheat bran and characterization of the fractions obtained. 24708986 0 7 theme fractions 91:99 arg1 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction by three processes of arabinoxylans from wheat bran 0:61 Extraction by three processes of arabinoxylans from wheat bran and characterization of the fractions obtained. 24708986 3 8 theme EDWB 611:614 arg1 hydroxide 575:583 sodium hydroxide 568:583 sodium hydroxide of, respectively, DWB and EDWB 568:614 F1 and F2 AX fractions were obtained by treatment with sodium hydroxide of, respectively, DWB and EDWB. 24708986 5 9 theme ferulic 869:875 arg1 acids 896:900 ferulic, phytic and uronic acids 869:900 ferulic, phytic and uronic acids 869:900 The different AX fractions were characterized and compared for the composition in monosaccharides, for the contents in fats and in ferulic, phytic and uronic acids, for the molecular mass distribution and the degrees of methylation and acetylation. 24708986 8 10 theme wheat 1509:1513 arg1 bran 1515:1518 pretreated wheat bran 1498:1518 pretreated wheat bran 1498:1518 These data bring information about the influence of the process on the characteristics of AX fractions obtained from pretreated wheat bran. 24708986 9 11 theme hydrothermal 1651:1662 arg1 extraction 1664:1673 an original and up-scalable hydrothermal extraction 1623:1673 an original and up-scalable hydrothermal extraction 1623:1673 Here are also reported processes that enabled to recover enzyme-unextractable AXs from DWB, including an original and up-scalable hydrothermal extraction. 24708986 6 12 theme higher 1073:1078 arg1 mass 1063:1066 molecular mass 1053:1066 molecular mass (MM) higher than 670kDa and arabinose/xylose ratios (Ara/Xyl) around 1 1053:1137 The alkaline extractions gave one deesterified AX population with molecular mass (MM) higher than 670kDa and arabinose/xylose ratios (Ara/Xyl) around 1. 24708986 6 12 theme higher 1073:1078 arg1 MM 1069:1070 MM 1069:1070 MM 1069:1070 The alkaline extractions gave one deesterified AX population with molecular mass (MM) higher than 670kDa and arabinose/xylose ratios (Ara/Xyl) around 1. 24708986 4 13 theme EDWB 675:678 arg1 treatment 662:670 a hydrothermal treatment 647:670 a hydrothermal treatment of EDWB 647:678 The fraction F4 resulted from a hydrothermal treatment of EDWB in a pressure reactor, followed by ethanol precipitation. 24708986 8 14 theme pretreated 1498:1507 arg1 bran 1515:1518 pretreated wheat bran 1498:1518 pretreated wheat bran 1498:1518 These data bring information about the influence of the process on the characteristics of AX fractions obtained from pretreated wheat bran. 24708986 2 15 theme solid 455:459 arg1 residue 461:467 a solid residue 453:467 a solid residue exhausted in enzyme-extractable AXs (EDWB) 453:510 Two fractions (F3a and F3b, respectively, purified on 10kDa and 100kDa ultrafiltration membranes) were obtained with low yields by treating DWB with an endoxylanase and this process left a solid residue exhausted in enzyme-extractable AXs (EDWB). 24708986 1 16 from scale 259:263 arg1 production 234:243 their production 228:243 their production at industrial scale 228:263 Arabinoxylans (AXs) were extracted from destarched wheat bran (DWB) according to different processes, with a view to their production at industrial scale. 24708986 5 17 from composition 805:815 arg1 monosaccharides 820:834 monosaccharides 820:834 monosaccharides 820:834 The different AX fractions were characterized and compared for the composition in monosaccharides, for the contents in fats and in ferulic, phytic and uronic acids, for the molecular mass distribution and the degrees of methylation and acetylation. 24708986 4 18 theme pressure 685:692 arg1 reactor 694:700 a pressure reactor 683:700 a pressure reactor 683:700 The fraction F4 resulted from a hydrothermal treatment of EDWB in a pressure reactor, followed by ethanol precipitation. 24708986 1 19 theme wheat 162:166 arg1 DWB 174:176 DWB 174:176 DWB 174:176 Arabinoxylans (AXs) were extracted from destarched wheat bran (DWB) according to different processes, with a view to their production at industrial scale. 24708986 1 19 theme wheat 162:166 arg1 bran 168:171 destarched wheat bran 151:171 destarched wheat bran (DWB) according to different processes 151:210 Arabinoxylans (AXs) were extracted from destarched wheat bran (DWB) according to different processes, with a view to their production at industrial scale. 24708986 7 20 theme main 1195:1198 arg1 populations 1200:1210 two main populations 1191:1210 two main populations in size-exclusion chromatography (the largest one at 5-12.5kDa and a second one at 140-160kDa) 1191:1305 The enzyme and thermal treatments yielded AXs with two main populations in size-exclusion chromatography (the largest one at 5-12.5kDa and a second one at 140-160kDa), having overall Ara/Xyl of, respectively, 0.7 and 0.5 for both processes. 24708986 2 21 theme ultrafiltration 337:351 arg1 membranes 353:361 10kDa and 100kDa ultrafiltration membranes 320:361 10kDa and 100kDa ultrafiltration membranes 320:361 Two fractions (F3a and F3b, respectively, purified on 10kDa and 100kDa ultrafiltration membranes) were obtained with low yields by treating DWB with an endoxylanase and this process left a solid residue exhausted in enzyme-extractable AXs (EDWB). 24708986 0 22 from bran 58:61 arg1 arabinoxylans 33:45 arabinoxylans 33:45 arabinoxylans from wheat bran 33:61 Extraction by three processes of arabinoxylans from wheat bran and characterization of the fractions obtained. 24708986 0 22 from bran 58:61 arg1 processes 20:28 three processes 14:28 three processes of arabinoxylans from wheat bran 14:61 Extraction by three processes of arabinoxylans from wheat bran and characterization of the fractions obtained. 24708986 5 23 from contents 845:852 arg1 fats 857:860 fats 857:860 fats 857:860 The different AX fractions were characterized and compared for the composition in monosaccharides, for the contents in fats and in ferulic, phytic and uronic acids, for the molecular mass distribution and the degrees of methylation and acetylation. 24708986 5 23 from contents 845:852 arg1 acids 896:900 ferulic, phytic and uronic acids 869:900 ferulic, phytic and uronic acids 869:900 The different AX fractions were characterized and compared for the composition in monosaccharides, for the contents in fats and in ferulic, phytic and uronic acids, for the molecular mass distribution and the degrees of methylation and acetylation. 24708986 4 24 theme hydrothermal 649:660 arg1 treatment 662:670 a hydrothermal treatment 647:670 a hydrothermal treatment of EDWB 647:678 The fraction F4 resulted from a hydrothermal treatment of EDWB in a pressure reactor, followed by ethanol precipitation. 24708986 2 25 theme 100kDa 330:335 arg1 membranes 353:361 10kDa and 100kDa ultrafiltration membranes 320:361 10kDa and 100kDa ultrafiltration membranes 320:361 Two fractions (F3a and F3b, respectively, purified on 10kDa and 100kDa ultrafiltration membranes) were obtained with low yields by treating DWB with an endoxylanase and this process left a solid residue exhausted in enzyme-extractable AXs (EDWB). 24708986 10 26 theme AXs 1705:1707 arg1 contents 1684:1691 Phytate contents 1676:1691 Phytate contents of isolated AXs 1676:1707 Phytate contents of isolated AXs are described for the first time. 24708986 7 27 theme 0.5 1357:1359 arg1 Ara/Xyl 1323:1329 overall Ara/Xyl 1315:1329 overall Ara/Xyl of, respectively, 0.7 and 0.5 for both processes 1315:1378 The enzyme and thermal treatments yielded AXs with two main populations in size-exclusion chromatography (the largest one at 5-12.5kDa and a second one at 140-160kDa), having overall Ara/Xyl of, respectively, 0.7 and 0.5 for both processes. 24708986 3 28 theme F1 513:514 arg1 fractions 526:534 F1 and F2 AX fractions 513:534 F1 and F2 AX fractions 513:534 F1 and F2 AX fractions were obtained by treatment with sodium hydroxide of, respectively, DWB and EDWB. 24708986 1 29 theme industrial 248:257 arg1 scale 259:263 industrial scale 248:263 industrial scale 248:263 Arabinoxylans (AXs) were extracted from destarched wheat bran (DWB) according to different processes, with a view to their production at industrial scale. 24708986 7 30 dep chromatography 1230:1243 arg1 one 1258:1260 the largest one 1246:1260 the largest one at 5-12.5kDa 1246:1273 The enzyme and thermal treatments yielded AXs with two main populations in size-exclusion chromatography (the largest one at 5-12.5kDa and a second one at 140-160kDa), having overall Ara/Xyl of, respectively, 0.7 and 0.5 for both processes. 24708986 7 30 dep chromatography 1230:1243 arg1 one 1288:1290 a second one 1279:1290 a second one at 140-160kDa 1279:1304 The enzyme and thermal treatments yielded AXs with two main populations in size-exclusion chromatography (the largest one at 5-12.5kDa and a second one at 140-160kDa), having overall Ara/Xyl of, respectively, 0.7 and 0.5 for both processes. 24708986 6 31 theme molecular 1053:1061 arg1 mass 1063:1066 molecular mass 1053:1066 molecular mass (MM) higher than 670kDa and arabinose/xylose ratios (Ara/Xyl) around 1 1053:1137 The alkaline extractions gave one deesterified AX population with molecular mass (MM) higher than 670kDa and arabinose/xylose ratios (Ara/Xyl) around 1. 24708986 6 31 theme molecular 1053:1061 arg1 MM 1069:1070 MM 1069:1070 MM 1069:1070 The alkaline extractions gave one deesterified AX population with molecular mass (MM) higher than 670kDa and arabinose/xylose ratios (Ara/Xyl) around 1. 24708986 7 32 from 5-12.5kDa 1265:1273 arg1 one 1258:1260 the largest one 1246:1260 the largest one at 5-12.5kDa 1246:1273 The enzyme and thermal treatments yielded AXs with two main populations in size-exclusion chromatography (the largest one at 5-12.5kDa and a second one at 140-160kDa), having overall Ara/Xyl of, respectively, 0.7 and 0.5 for both processes. 24708986 7 32 from 5-12.5kDa 1265:1273 arg1 one 1288:1290 a second one 1279:1290 a second one at 140-160kDa 1279:1304 The enzyme and thermal treatments yielded AXs with two main populations in size-exclusion chromatography (the largest one at 5-12.5kDa and a second one at 140-160kDa), having overall Ara/Xyl of, respectively, 0.7 and 0.5 for both processes. 24708986 5 33 theme different 742:750 arg1 fractions 755:763 The different AX fractions 738:763 The different AX fractions 738:763 The different AX fractions were characterized and compared for the composition in monosaccharides, for the contents in fats and in ferulic, phytic and uronic acids, for the molecular mass distribution and the degrees of methylation and acetylation. 24708986 2 34 theme low 383:385 arg1 yields 387:392 low yields 383:392 low yields 383:392 Two fractions (F3a and F3b, respectively, purified on 10kDa and 100kDa ultrafiltration membranes) were obtained with low yields by treating DWB with an endoxylanase and this process left a solid residue exhausted in enzyme-extractable AXs (EDWB). 24708986 5 35 theme phytic 878:883 arg1 acids 896:900 ferulic, phytic and uronic acids 869:900 ferulic, phytic and uronic acids 869:900 The different AX fractions were characterized and compared for the composition in monosaccharides, for the contents in fats and in ferulic, phytic and uronic acids, for the molecular mass distribution and the degrees of methylation and acetylation. 24708986 5 36 theme methylation 958:968 arg1 degrees 947:953 the degrees 943:953 the degrees of methylation and acetylation 943:984 The different AX fractions were characterized and compared for the composition in monosaccharides, for the contents in fats and in ferulic, phytic and uronic acids, for the molecular mass distribution and the degrees of methylation and acetylation. 24708986 5 36 theme methylation 958:968 arg1 distribution 926:937 the molecular mass distribution 907:937 the molecular mass distribution 907:937 The different AX fractions were characterized and compared for the composition in monosaccharides, for the contents in fats and in ferulic, phytic and uronic acids, for the molecular mass distribution and the degrees of methylation and acetylation. 24708986 5 37 theme AX 752:753 arg1 fractions 755:763 The different AX fractions 738:763 The different AX fractions 738:763 The different AX fractions were characterized and compared for the composition in monosaccharides, for the contents in fats and in ferulic, phytic and uronic acids, for the molecular mass distribution and the degrees of methylation and acetylation. 24708986 0 38 theme arabinoxylans 33:45 arg1 processes 20:28 three processes 14:28 three processes of arabinoxylans from wheat bran 14:61 Extraction by three processes of arabinoxylans from wheat bran and characterization of the fractions obtained. 24708986 6 39 theme AX 1034:1035 arg1 population 1037:1046 one deesterified AX population 1017:1046 one deesterified AX population with molecular mass (MM) higher than 670kDa and arabinose/xylose ratios (Ara/Xyl) around 1 1017:1137 The alkaline extractions gave one deesterified AX population with molecular mass (MM) higher than 670kDa and arabinose/xylose ratios (Ara/Xyl) around 1. 24708986 2 40 theme enzyme-extractable 482:499 arg1 AXs 501:503 enzyme-extractable AXs 482:503 enzyme-extractable AXs (EDWB) 482:510 Two fractions (F3a and F3b, respectively, purified on 10kDa and 100kDa ultrafiltration membranes) were obtained with low yields by treating DWB with an endoxylanase and this process left a solid residue exhausted in enzyme-extractable AXs (EDWB). 24708986 2 40 theme enzyme-extractable 482:499 arg1 EDWB 506:509 EDWB 506:509 EDWB 506:509 Two fractions (F3a and F3b, respectively, purified on 10kDa and 100kDa ultrafiltration membranes) were obtained with low yields by treating DWB with an endoxylanase and this process left a solid residue exhausted in enzyme-extractable AXs (EDWB). 24708986 3 41 theme AX 523:524 arg1 fractions 526:534 F1 and F2 AX fractions 513:534 F1 and F2 AX fractions 513:534 F1 and F2 AX fractions were obtained by treatment with sodium hydroxide of, respectively, DWB and EDWB. 24708986 7 42 theme overall 1315:1321 arg1 Ara/Xyl 1323:1329 overall Ara/Xyl 1315:1329 overall Ara/Xyl of, respectively, 0.7 and 0.5 for both processes 1315:1378 The enzyme and thermal treatments yielded AXs with two main populations in size-exclusion chromatography (the largest one at 5-12.5kDa and a second one at 140-160kDa), having overall Ara/Xyl of, respectively, 0.7 and 0.5 for both processes. 24708986 7 43 theme size-exclusion 1215:1228 arg1 chromatography 1230:1243 size-exclusion chromatography 1215:1243 size-exclusion chromatography (the largest one at 5-12.5kDa and a second one at 140-160kDa) 1215:1305 The enzyme and thermal treatments yielded AXs with two main populations in size-exclusion chromatography (the largest one at 5-12.5kDa and a second one at 140-160kDa), having overall Ara/Xyl of, respectively, 0.7 and 0.5 for both processes. 24708986 8 44 theme process 1437:1443 arg1 influence 1420:1428 the influence 1416:1428 the influence of the process on the characteristics of AX fractions obtained from pretreated wheat bran 1416:1518 These data bring information about the influence of the process on the characteristics of AX fractions obtained from pretreated wheat bran. 24708986 9 45 theme enzyme-unextractable 1578:1597 arg1 extraction 1664:1673 an original and up-scalable hydrothermal extraction 1623:1673 an original and up-scalable hydrothermal extraction 1623:1673 Here are also reported processes that enabled to recover enzyme-unextractable AXs from DWB, including an original and up-scalable hydrothermal extraction. 24708986 9 45 theme enzyme-unextractable 1578:1597 arg1 AXs 1599:1601 enzyme-unextractable AXs 1578:1601 enzyme-unextractable AXs 1578:1601 Here are also reported processes that enabled to recover enzyme-unextractable AXs from DWB, including an original and up-scalable hydrothermal extraction. 24708986 5 46 theme acetylation 974:984 arg1 degrees 947:953 the degrees 943:953 the degrees of methylation and acetylation 943:984 The different AX fractions were characterized and compared for the composition in monosaccharides, for the contents in fats and in ferulic, phytic and uronic acids, for the molecular mass distribution and the degrees of methylation and acetylation. 24708986 5 46 theme acetylation 974:984 arg1 distribution 926:937 the molecular mass distribution 907:937 the molecular mass distribution 907:937 The different AX fractions were characterized and compared for the composition in monosaccharides, for the contents in fats and in ferulic, phytic and uronic acids, for the molecular mass distribution and the degrees of methylation and acetylation. 24708986 4 47 theme ethanol 715:721 arg1 precipitation 723:735 ethanol precipitation 715:735 ethanol precipitation 715:735 The fraction F4 resulted from a hydrothermal treatment of EDWB in a pressure reactor, followed by ethanol precipitation. 24708986 1 48 theme different 192:200 arg1 processes 202:210 different processes 192:210 different processes 192:210 Arabinoxylans (AXs) were extracted from destarched wheat bran (DWB) according to different processes, with a view to their production at industrial scale. 24708986 0 49 theme wheat 52:56 arg1 bran 58:61 wheat bran 52:61 wheat bran 52:61 Extraction by three processes of arabinoxylans from wheat bran and characterization of the fractions obtained. 24708986 9 50 theme up-scalable 1639:1649 arg1 extraction 1664:1673 an original and up-scalable hydrothermal extraction 1623:1673 an original and up-scalable hydrothermal extraction 1623:1673 Here are also reported processes that enabled to recover enzyme-unextractable AXs from DWB, including an original and up-scalable hydrothermal extraction. 24708986 7 51 theme largest 1250:1256 arg1 one 1258:1260 the largest one 1246:1260 the largest one at 5-12.5kDa 1246:1273 The enzyme and thermal treatments yielded AXs with two main populations in size-exclusion chromatography (the largest one at 5-12.5kDa and a second one at 140-160kDa), having overall Ara/Xyl of, respectively, 0.7 and 0.5 for both processes. 24708986 3 52 theme sodium 568:573 arg1 hydroxide 575:583 sodium hydroxide 568:583 sodium hydroxide of, respectively, DWB and EDWB 568:614 F1 and F2 AX fractions were obtained by treatment with sodium hydroxide of, respectively, DWB and EDWB. 24708986 5 53 theme mass 921:924 arg1 distribution 926:937 the molecular mass distribution 907:937 the molecular mass distribution 907:937 The different AX fractions were characterized and compared for the composition in monosaccharides, for the contents in fats and in ferulic, phytic and uronic acids, for the molecular mass distribution and the degrees of methylation and acetylation. 24708986 2 54 dep fractions 270:278 arg1 fractions 270:278 Two fractions 266:278 Two fractions (F3a and F3b, respectively, purified on 10kDa and 100kDa ultrafiltration membranes) 266:362 Two fractions (F3a and F3b, respectively, purified on 10kDa and 100kDa ultrafiltration membranes) were obtained with low yields by treating DWB with an endoxylanase and this process left a solid residue exhausted in enzyme-extractable AXs (EDWB). 24708986 2 54 dep fractions 270:278 arg1 F3b 289:291 F3b 289:291 F3b 289:291 Two fractions (F3a and F3b, respectively, purified on 10kDa and 100kDa ultrafiltration membranes) were obtained with low yields by treating DWB with an endoxylanase and this process left a solid residue exhausted in enzyme-extractable AXs (EDWB). 24708986 2 54 dep fractions 270:278 arg1 F3a 281:283 F3a 281:283 F3a 281:283 Two fractions (F3a and F3b, respectively, purified on 10kDa and 100kDa ultrafiltration membranes) were obtained with low yields by treating DWB with an endoxylanase and this process left a solid residue exhausted in enzyme-extractable AXs (EDWB). 24708986 7 55 theme 0.7 1349:1351 arg1 Ara/Xyl 1323:1329 overall Ara/Xyl 1315:1329 overall Ara/Xyl of, respectively, 0.7 and 0.5 for both processes 1315:1378 The enzyme and thermal treatments yielded AXs with two main populations in size-exclusion chromatography (the largest one at 5-12.5kDa and a second one at 140-160kDa), having overall Ara/Xyl of, respectively, 0.7 and 0.5 for both processes. 24708986 3 56 theme F2 520:521 arg1 fractions 526:534 F1 and F2 AX fractions 513:534 F1 and F2 AX fractions 513:534 F1 and F2 AX fractions were obtained by treatment with sodium hydroxide of, respectively, DWB and EDWB. 24708986 4 57 theme fraction 621:628 arg1 F4 630:631 The fraction F4 617:631 The fraction F4 617:631 The fraction F4 resulted from a hydrothermal treatment of EDWB in a pressure reactor, followed by ethanol precipitation. 24708986 10 58 theme Phytate 1676:1682 arg1 contents 1684:1691 Phytate contents 1676:1691 Phytate contents of isolated AXs 1676:1707 Phytate contents of isolated AXs are described for the first time. 24708986 3 59 theme DWB 603:605 arg1 hydroxide 575:583 sodium hydroxide 568:583 sodium hydroxide of, respectively, DWB and EDWB 568:614 F1 and F2 AX fractions were obtained by treatment with sodium hydroxide of, respectively, DWB and EDWB. 24708986 5 60 theme uronic 889:894 arg1 acids 896:900 ferulic, phytic and uronic acids 869:900 ferulic, phytic and uronic acids 869:900 The different AX fractions were characterized and compared for the composition in monosaccharides, for the contents in fats and in ferulic, phytic and uronic acids, for the molecular mass distribution and the degrees of methylation and acetylation. 24708986 5 61 theme molecular 911:919 arg1 distribution 926:937 the molecular mass distribution 907:937 the molecular mass distribution 907:937 The different AX fractions were characterized and compared for the composition in monosaccharides, for the contents in fats and in ferulic, phytic and uronic acids, for the molecular mass distribution and the degrees of methylation and acetylation. 24708986 6 62 theme deesterified 1021:1032 arg1 population 1037:1046 one deesterified AX population 1017:1046 one deesterified AX population with molecular mass (MM) higher than 670kDa and arabinose/xylose ratios (Ara/Xyl) around 1 1017:1137 The alkaline extractions gave one deesterified AX population with molecular mass (MM) higher than 670kDa and arabinose/xylose ratios (Ara/Xyl) around 1. 24708986 7 63 theme second 1281:1286 arg1 one 1288:1290 a second one 1279:1290 a second one at 140-160kDa 1279:1304 The enzyme and thermal treatments yielded AXs with two main populations in size-exclusion chromatography (the largest one at 5-12.5kDa and a second one at 140-160kDa), having overall Ara/Xyl of, respectively, 0.7 and 0.5 for both processes. 24708986 9 64 from DWB 1608:1610 arg1 extraction 1664:1673 an original and up-scalable hydrothermal extraction 1623:1673 an original and up-scalable hydrothermal extraction 1623:1673 Here are also reported processes that enabled to recover enzyme-unextractable AXs from DWB, including an original and up-scalable hydrothermal extraction. 24708986 9 64 from DWB 1608:1610 arg1 AXs 1599:1601 enzyme-unextractable AXs 1578:1601 enzyme-unextractable AXs 1578:1601 Here are also reported processes that enabled to recover enzyme-unextractable AXs from DWB, including an original and up-scalable hydrothermal extraction. 24708986 6 65 theme arabinose/xylose 1096:1111 arg1 Ara/Xyl 1121:1127 Ara/Xyl 1121:1127 Ara/Xyl 1121:1127 The alkaline extractions gave one deesterified AX population with molecular mass (MM) higher than 670kDa and arabinose/xylose ratios (Ara/Xyl) around 1. 24708986 6 65 theme arabinose/xylose 1096:1111 arg1 ratios 1113:1118 670kDa and arabinose/xylose ratios 1085:1118 670kDa and arabinose/xylose ratios (Ara/Xyl) around 1 1085:1137 The alkaline extractions gave one deesterified AX population with molecular mass (MM) higher than 670kDa and arabinose/xylose ratios (Ara/Xyl) around 1. 24708986 7 66 from populations 1200:1210 arg1 chromatography 1230:1243 size-exclusion chromatography 1215:1243 size-exclusion chromatography (the largest one at 5-12.5kDa and a second one at 140-160kDa) 1215:1305 The enzyme and thermal treatments yielded AXs with two main populations in size-exclusion chromatography (the largest one at 5-12.5kDa and a second one at 140-160kDa), having overall Ara/Xyl of, respectively, 0.7 and 0.5 for both processes. 24708986 7 67 theme thermal 1155:1161 arg1 treatments 1163:1172 thermal treatments 1155:1172 thermal treatments 1155:1172 The enzyme and thermal treatments yielded AXs with two main populations in size-exclusion chromatography (the largest one at 5-12.5kDa and a second one at 140-160kDa), having overall Ara/Xyl of, respectively, 0.7 and 0.5 for both processes. 24708986 10 68 theme first 1731:1735 arg1 time 1737:1740 the first time 1727:1740 the first time 1727:1740 Phytate contents of isolated AXs are described for the first time. 24708986 2 69 theme 10kDa 320:324 arg1 membranes 353:361 10kDa and 100kDa ultrafiltration membranes 320:361 10kDa and 100kDa ultrafiltration membranes 320:361 Two fractions (F3a and F3b, respectively, purified on 10kDa and 100kDa ultrafiltration membranes) were obtained with low yields by treating DWB with an endoxylanase and this process left a solid residue exhausted in enzyme-extractable AXs (EDWB). 24708986 7 70 from 140-160kDa 1295:1304 arg1 one 1258:1260 the largest one 1246:1260 the largest one at 5-12.5kDa 1246:1273 The enzyme and thermal treatments yielded AXs with two main populations in size-exclusion chromatography (the largest one at 5-12.5kDa and a second one at 140-160kDa), having overall Ara/Xyl of, respectively, 0.7 and 0.5 for both processes. 24708986 7 70 from 140-160kDa 1295:1304 arg1 one 1288:1290 a second one 1279:1290 a second one at 140-160kDa 1279:1304 The enzyme and thermal treatments yielded AXs with two main populations in size-exclusion chromatography (the largest one at 5-12.5kDa and a second one at 140-160kDa), having overall Ara/Xyl of, respectively, 0.7 and 0.5 for both processes. 24708986 8 71 theme fractions 1474:1482 arg1 characteristics 1452:1466 the characteristics 1448:1466 the characteristics of AX fractions obtained from pretreated wheat bran 1448:1518 These data bring information about the influence of the process on the characteristics of AX fractions obtained from pretreated wheat bran. 24708986 0 72 from processes 20:28 arg1 bran 58:61 wheat bran 52:61 wheat bran 52:61 Extraction by three processes of arabinoxylans from wheat bran and characterization of the fractions obtained. 24708986 6 73 theme 670kDa 1085:1090 arg1 Ara/Xyl 1121:1127 Ara/Xyl 1121:1127 Ara/Xyl 1121:1127 The alkaline extractions gave one deesterified AX population with molecular mass (MM) higher than 670kDa and arabinose/xylose ratios (Ara/Xyl) around 1. 24708986 6 73 theme 670kDa 1085:1090 arg1 ratios 1113:1118 670kDa and arabinose/xylose ratios 1085:1118 670kDa and arabinose/xylose ratios (Ara/Xyl) around 1 1085:1137 The alkaline extractions gave one deesterified AX population with molecular mass (MM) higher than 670kDa and arabinose/xylose ratios (Ara/Xyl) around 1. 24708986 10 74 theme isolated 1696:1703 arg1 AXs 1705:1707 isolated AXs 1696:1707 isolated AXs 1696:1707 Phytate contents of isolated AXs are described for the first time. 24708986 8 75 theme AX 1471:1472 arg1 fractions 1474:1482 AX fractions 1471:1482 AX fractions obtained from pretreated wheat bran 1471:1518 These data bring information about the influence of the process on the characteristics of AX fractions obtained from pretreated wheat bran. 27988248 7 0 theme strong 976:981 arg1 preferences 983:993 persisting strong preferences 965:993 persisting strong preferences for the diets with added sucralose and/or mineral oil 965:1047 Two-cup choice tests conducted at the end of each experiment showed persisting strong preferences for the diets with added sucralose and/or mineral oil. 27988248 7 1 with diets 1003:1007 arg1 sucralose 1020:1028 added sucralose 1014:1028 added sucralose 1014:1028 Two-cup choice tests conducted at the end of each experiment showed persisting strong preferences for the diets with added sucralose and/or mineral oil. 27988248 7 1 with diets 1003:1007 arg1 oil 1045:1047 mineral oil 1037:1047 mineral oil 1037:1047 Two-cup choice tests conducted at the end of each experiment showed persisting strong preferences for the diets with added sucralose and/or mineral oil. 27988248 8 2 with challenge 1092:1100 arg1 work 1074:1077 earlier work 1066:1077 earlier work 1066:1077 In concert with earlier work, our results challenge the hypothesis that the orosensory properties of a food influence body weight gain. 27988248 3 3 theme plain 287:291 arg1 chow 293:296 plain chow 287:296 plain chow (i.e., chow with no additives) 287:327 Then, in Experiment 1, we compared groups of 16 mice fed plain chow (i.e., chow with no additives) to groups fed chow with added (a) sucralose, (b) mineral oil, (c) sucralose and mineral oil, or (d) sucralose on odd days and mineral oil on even days. 27988248 8 4 theme body 1168:1171 arg1 gain 1180:1183 body weight gain 1168:1183 body weight gain 1168:1183 In concert with earlier work, our results challenge the hypothesis that the orosensory properties of a food influence body weight gain. 27988248 9 5 theme weight 1293:1298 arg1 gain 1300:1303 weight gain 1293:1303 weight gain 1293:1303 A good taste can stimulate food intake acutely, and guide selection toward nutrient-dense foods that cause weight gain, but it does not determine how much is eaten chronically. 27988248 7 6 theme experiment 947:956 arg1 end 935:937 the end 931:937 the end of each experiment 931:956 Two-cup choice tests conducted at the end of each experiment showed persisting strong preferences for the diets with added sucralose and/or mineral oil. 27988248 4 7 dep weights 512:518 arg1 the 503:505 the 503:505 the 503:505 During a 6-week test, the body weights and body compositions of the five groups never differed. 27988248 1 8 theme eating 58:63 arg1 food 78:81 eating good-tasting food 58:81 eating good-tasting food 58:81 Does eating good-tasting food influence body weight? 27988248 9 9 theme food 1213:1216 arg1 intake 1218:1223 food intake 1213:1223 food intake 1213:1223 A good taste can stimulate food intake acutely, and guide selection toward nutrient-dense foods that cause weight gain, but it does not determine how much is eaten chronically. 27988248 5 10 theme high-fat 648:655 arg1 diet 657:660 plain high-fat diet 642:660 plain high-fat diet 642:660 In Experiment 2, we compared groups of 18 mice fed plain chow or plain high-fat diet to groups fed these diets with added sucralose. 27988248 1 11 theme good-tasting 65:76 arg1 food 78:81 eating good-tasting food 58:81 eating good-tasting food 58:81 Does eating good-tasting food influence body weight? 27988248 3 12 dep sucralose 429:437 arg1 d 426:426 d 426:426 d 426:426 Then, in Experiment 1, we compared groups of 16 mice fed plain chow (i.e., chow with no additives) to groups fed chow with added (a) sucralose, (b) mineral oil, (c) sucralose and mineral oil, or (d) sucralose on odd days and mineral oil on even days. 27988248 6 13 theme weight 757:762 arg1 gain 764:767 weight gain 757:767 weight gain 757:767 During a 9-week test, the high-fat diet caused weight gain, but the body weights of mice fed the sucralose-sweetened diets did not differ from those fed the corresponding plain versions. 27988248 9 14 theme nutrient-dense 1261:1274 arg1 foods 1276:1280 nutrient-dense foods 1261:1280 nutrient-dense foods that cause weight gain 1261:1303 A good taste can stimulate food intake acutely, and guide selection toward nutrient-dense foods that cause weight gain, but it does not determine how much is eaten chronically. 27988248 3 15 theme mineral 409:415 arg1 oil 417:419 mineral oil 409:419 mineral oil 409:419 Then, in Experiment 1, we compared groups of 16 mice fed plain chow (i.e., chow with no additives) to groups fed chow with added (a) sucralose, (b) mineral oil, (c) sucralose and mineral oil, or (d) sucralose on odd days and mineral oil on even days. 27988248 3 16 from oil 463:465 arg1 days 475:478 even days 470:478 even days 470:478 Then, in Experiment 1, we compared groups of 16 mice fed plain chow (i.e., chow with no additives) to groups fed chow with added (a) sucralose, (b) mineral oil, (c) sucralose and mineral oil, or (d) sucralose on odd days and mineral oil on even days. 27988248 0 17 theme eating 5:10 arg1 food 25:28 eating good-tasting food 5:28 eating good-tasting food 5:28 Does eating good-tasting food influence body weight? 27988248 4 18 theme groups 554:559 arg1 weights 512:518 body weights 507:518 body weights 507:518 During a 6-week test, the body weights and body compositions of the five groups never differed. 27988248 4 18 theme groups 554:559 arg1 compositions 529:540 body compositions 524:540 body compositions 524:540 During a 6-week test, the body weights and body compositions of the five groups never differed. 27988248 7 19 theme mineral 1037:1043 arg1 oil 1045:1047 mineral oil 1037:1047 mineral oil 1037:1047 Two-cup choice tests conducted at the end of each experiment showed persisting strong preferences for the diets with added sucralose and/or mineral oil. 27988248 3 20 theme added 353:357 arg1 sucralose 363:371 (a) sucralose 359:371 (a) sucralose 359:371 Then, in Experiment 1, we compared groups of 16 mice fed plain chow (i.e., chow with no additives) to groups fed chow with added (a) sucralose, (b) mineral oil, (c) sucralose and mineral oil, or (d) sucralose on odd days and mineral oil on even days. 27988248 1 21 theme body 93:96 arg1 weight 98:103 body weight 93:103 body weight 93:103 Does eating good-tasting food influence body weight? 27988248 5 22 theme mice 619:622 arg1 groups 606:611 groups 606:611 groups of 18 mice fed plain chow or plain high-fat diet to groups fed these diets with added sucralose 606:707 In Experiment 2, we compared groups of 18 mice fed plain chow or plain high-fat diet to groups fed these diets with added sucralose. 27988248 5 22 theme mice 619:622 arg1 mice 619:622 18 mice 616:622 18 mice fed plain chow or plain high-fat diet to groups fed these diets with added sucralose 616:707 In Experiment 2, we compared groups of 18 mice fed plain chow or plain high-fat diet to groups fed these diets with added sucralose. 27988248 9 23 theme good 1188:1191 arg1 taste 1193:1197 A good taste 1186:1197 A good taste 1186:1197 A good taste can stimulate food intake acutely, and guide selection toward nutrient-dense foods that cause weight gain, but it does not determine how much is eaten chronically. 27988248 8 24 theme food 1153:1156 arg1 properties 1137:1146 the orosensory properties 1122:1146 the orosensory properties of a food 1122:1156 In concert with earlier work, our results challenge the hypothesis that the orosensory properties of a food influence body weight gain. 27988248 5 25 theme plain 628:632 arg1 chow 634:637 plain chow 628:637 plain chow 628:637 In Experiment 2, we compared groups of 18 mice fed plain chow or plain high-fat diet to groups fed these diets with added sucralose. 27988248 0 26 theme good-tasting 12:23 arg1 food 25:28 eating good-tasting food 5:28 eating good-tasting food 5:28 Does eating good-tasting food influence body weight? 27988248 6 27 theme high-fat 736:743 arg1 diet 745:748 the high-fat diet 732:748 the high-fat diet 732:748 During a 9-week test, the high-fat diet caused weight gain, but the body weights of mice fed the sucralose-sweetened diets did not differ from those fed the corresponding plain versions. 27988248 3 28 dep oil 386:388 arg1 b 375:375 b 375:375 b 375:375 Then, in Experiment 1, we compared groups of 16 mice fed plain chow (i.e., chow with no additives) to groups fed chow with added (a) sucralose, (b) mineral oil, (c) sucralose and mineral oil, or (d) sucralose on odd days and mineral oil on even days. 27988248 2 29 theme mineral 180:186 arg1 oil 188:190 mineral oil 180:190 mineral oil 180:190 To investigate, we first established some concentrations of sucralose and mineral oil in chow that mice strongly preferred. 27988248 3 30 dep sucralose 395:403 arg1 c 392:392 c 392:392 c 392:392 Then, in Experiment 1, we compared groups of 16 mice fed plain chow (i.e., chow with no additives) to groups fed chow with added (a) sucralose, (b) mineral oil, (c) sucralose and mineral oil, or (d) sucralose on odd days and mineral oil on even days. 27988248 8 31 theme orosensory 1126:1135 arg1 properties 1137:1146 the orosensory properties 1122:1146 the orosensory properties of a food 1122:1156 In concert with earlier work, our results challenge the hypothesis that the orosensory properties of a food influence body weight gain. 27988248 7 32 theme added 1014:1018 arg1 sucralose 1020:1028 added sucralose 1014:1028 added sucralose 1014:1028 Two-cup choice tests conducted at the end of each experiment showed persisting strong preferences for the diets with added sucralose and/or mineral oil. 27988248 0 33 theme body 40:43 arg1 weight 45:50 body weight 40:50 body weight 40:50 Does eating good-tasting food influence body weight? 27988248 4 34 theme body 524:527 arg1 compositions 529:540 body compositions 524:540 body compositions 524:540 During a 6-week test, the body weights and body compositions of the five groups never differed. 27988248 3 35 theme odd 442:444 arg1 days 446:449 odd days 442:449 odd days 442:449 Then, in Experiment 1, we compared groups of 16 mice fed plain chow (i.e., chow with no additives) to groups fed chow with added (a) sucralose, (b) mineral oil, (c) sucralose and mineral oil, or (d) sucralose on odd days and mineral oil on even days. 27988248 3 36 from days 446:449 arg1 days 475:478 even days 470:478 even days 470:478 Then, in Experiment 1, we compared groups of 16 mice fed plain chow (i.e., chow with no additives) to groups fed chow with added (a) sucralose, (b) mineral oil, (c) sucralose and mineral oil, or (d) sucralose on odd days and mineral oil on even days. 27988248 4 37 theme 6-week 490:495 arg1 test 497:500 a 6-week test 488:500 a 6-week test 488:500 During a 6-week test, the body weights and body compositions of the five groups never differed. 27988248 3 38 theme even 470:473 arg1 days 475:478 even days 470:478 even days 470:478 Then, in Experiment 1, we compared groups of 16 mice fed plain chow (i.e., chow with no additives) to groups fed chow with added (a) sucralose, (b) mineral oil, (c) sucralose and mineral oil, or (d) sucralose on odd days and mineral oil on even days. 27988248 5 39 theme plain 642:646 arg1 diet 657:660 plain high-fat diet 642:660 plain high-fat diet 642:660 In Experiment 2, we compared groups of 18 mice fed plain chow or plain high-fat diet to groups fed these diets with added sucralose. 27988248 2 40 from concentrations 148:161 arg1 chow 195:198 chow 195:198 chow 195:198 To investigate, we first established some concentrations of sucralose and mineral oil in chow that mice strongly preferred. 27988248 6 41 theme mice 794:797 arg1 weights 783:789 the body weights 774:789 the body weights of mice fed the sucralose-sweetened diets 774:831 During a 9-week test, the high-fat diet caused weight gain, but the body weights of mice fed the sucralose-sweetened diets did not differ from those fed the corresponding plain versions. 27988248 3 42 with chow 305:308 arg1 additives 318:326 no additives 315:326 no additives 315:326 Then, in Experiment 1, we compared groups of 16 mice fed plain chow (i.e., chow with no additives) to groups fed chow with added (a) sucralose, (b) mineral oil, (c) sucralose and mineral oil, or (d) sucralose on odd days and mineral oil on even days. 27988248 5 43 theme added 693:697 arg1 sucralose 699:707 added sucralose 693:707 added sucralose 693:707 In Experiment 2, we compared groups of 18 mice fed plain chow or plain high-fat diet to groups fed these diets with added sucralose. 27988248 7 44 theme choice 905:910 arg1 tests 912:916 Two-cup choice tests 897:916 Two-cup choice tests conducted at the end of each experiment 897:956 Two-cup choice tests conducted at the end of each experiment showed persisting strong preferences for the diets with added sucralose and/or mineral oil. 27988248 6 45 theme 9-week 719:724 arg1 test 726:729 a 9-week test 717:729 a 9-week test 717:729 During a 9-week test, the high-fat diet caused weight gain, but the body weights of mice fed the sucralose-sweetened diets did not differ from those fed the corresponding plain versions. 27988248 3 46 theme mice 278:281 arg1 groups 265:270 groups 265:270 groups of 16 mice fed plain chow (i.e., chow with no additives) to groups fed chow with added (a) sucralose, (b) mineral oil, (c) sucralose and mineral oil, or (d) sucralose on odd days and mineral oil on even days 265:478 Then, in Experiment 1, we compared groups of 16 mice fed plain chow (i.e., chow with no additives) to groups fed chow with added (a) sucralose, (b) mineral oil, (c) sucralose and mineral oil, or (d) sucralose on odd days and mineral oil on even days. 27988248 3 46 theme mice 278:281 arg1 mice 278:281 16 mice 275:281 16 mice fed plain chow (i.e., chow with no additives) to groups fed chow with added (a) sucralose, (b) mineral oil, (c) sucralose and mineral oil, or (d) sucralose on odd days and mineral oil on even days 275:478 Then, in Experiment 1, we compared groups of 16 mice fed plain chow (i.e., chow with no additives) to groups fed chow with added (a) sucralose, (b) mineral oil, (c) sucralose and mineral oil, or (d) sucralose on odd days and mineral oil on even days. 27988248 8 47 dep work 1074:1077 arg1 concert 1053:1059 concert 1053:1059 concert 1053:1059 In concert with earlier work, our results challenge the hypothesis that the orosensory properties of a food influence body weight gain. 27988248 2 48 theme sucralose 166:174 arg1 concentrations 148:161 some concentrations 143:161 some concentrations of sucralose and mineral oil in chow 143:198 To investigate, we first established some concentrations of sucralose and mineral oil in chow that mice strongly preferred. 27988248 3 49 dep chow 305:308 arg1 i.e. 299:302 i.e. 299:302 i.e. 299:302 Then, in Experiment 1, we compared groups of 16 mice fed plain chow (i.e., chow with no additives) to groups fed chow with added (a) sucralose, (b) mineral oil, (c) sucralose and mineral oil, or (d) sucralose on odd days and mineral oil on even days. 27988248 3 50 dep sucralose 363:371 arg1 a 360:360 a 360:360 a 360:360 Then, in Experiment 1, we compared groups of 16 mice fed plain chow (i.e., chow with no additives) to groups fed chow with added (a) sucralose, (b) mineral oil, (c) sucralose and mineral oil, or (d) sucralose on odd days and mineral oil on even days. 27988248 6 51 theme plain 881:885 arg1 versions 887:894 the corresponding plain versions 863:894 the corresponding plain versions 863:894 During a 9-week test, the high-fat diet caused weight gain, but the body weights of mice fed the sucralose-sweetened diets did not differ from those fed the corresponding plain versions. 27988248 6 52 theme corresponding 867:879 arg1 versions 887:894 the corresponding plain versions 863:894 the corresponding plain versions 863:894 During a 9-week test, the high-fat diet caused weight gain, but the body weights of mice fed the sucralose-sweetened diets did not differ from those fed the corresponding plain versions. 27988248 8 53 theme weight 1173:1178 arg1 gain 1180:1183 body weight gain 1168:1183 body weight gain 1168:1183 In concert with earlier work, our results challenge the hypothesis that the orosensory properties of a food influence body weight gain. 27988248 3 54 theme mineral 378:384 arg1 oil 386:388 (b) mineral oil 374:388 (b) mineral oil 374:388 Then, in Experiment 1, we compared groups of 16 mice fed plain chow (i.e., chow with no additives) to groups fed chow with added (a) sucralose, (b) mineral oil, (c) sucralose and mineral oil, or (d) sucralose on odd days and mineral oil on even days. 27988248 8 55 theme earlier 1066:1072 arg1 work 1074:1077 earlier work 1066:1077 earlier work 1066:1077 In concert with earlier work, our results challenge the hypothesis that the orosensory properties of a food influence body weight gain. 27988248 2 56 theme oil 188:190 arg1 concentrations 148:161 some concentrations 143:161 some concentrations of sucralose and mineral oil in chow 143:198 To investigate, we first established some concentrations of sucralose and mineral oil in chow that mice strongly preferred. 27988248 6 57 theme sucralose-sweetened 807:825 arg1 diets 827:831 the sucralose-sweetened diets 803:831 the sucralose-sweetened diets 803:831 During a 9-week test, the high-fat diet caused weight gain, but the body weights of mice fed the sucralose-sweetened diets did not differ from those fed the corresponding plain versions. 27988248 4 58 theme body 507:510 arg1 weights 512:518 body weights 507:518 body weights 507:518 During a 6-week test, the body weights and body compositions of the five groups never differed. 27988248 6 59 theme body 778:781 arg1 weights 783:789 the body weights 774:789 the body weights of mice fed the sucralose-sweetened diets 774:831 During a 9-week test, the high-fat diet caused weight gain, but the body weights of mice fed the sucralose-sweetened diets did not differ from those fed the corresponding plain versions. 27988248 7 60 theme Two-cup 897:903 arg1 tests 912:916 Two-cup choice tests 897:916 Two-cup choice tests conducted at the end of each experiment 897:956 Two-cup choice tests conducted at the end of each experiment showed persisting strong preferences for the diets with added sucralose and/or mineral oil. 27988248 3 61 theme mineral 455:461 arg1 oil 463:465 mineral oil 455:465 mineral oil 455:465 Then, in Experiment 1, we compared groups of 16 mice fed plain chow (i.e., chow with no additives) to groups fed chow with added (a) sucralose, (b) mineral oil, (c) sucralose and mineral oil, or (d) sucralose on odd days and mineral oil on even days. 27988248 7 62 theme persisting 965:974 arg1 preferences 983:993 persisting strong preferences 965:993 persisting strong preferences for the diets with added sucralose and/or mineral oil 965:1047 Two-cup choice tests conducted at the end of each experiment showed persisting strong preferences for the diets with added sucralose and/or mineral oil. 24929014 0 0 theme cyclosporine 91:102 arg1 films 123:127 cyclosporine A. Ocular chitosan films 91:127 cyclosporine A. Ocular chitosan films 91:127 Development and characterization of mucoadhesive chitosan films for ophthalmic delivery of cyclosporine A. Ocular chitosan films were prepared in order to prolong ocular delivery of cyclosporine A. 24929014 7 1 theme drug 895:898 arg1 release 900:906 Lower drug release 889:906 Lower drug release 889:906 Lower drug release was measured from chitosan films containing a higher amount of plasticizer as glycerol decreased the swelling of chitosan films. 24929014 0 2 theme cyclosporine 182:193 arg1 A 195:195 cyclosporine A 182:195 cyclosporine A 182:195 Development and characterization of mucoadhesive chitosan films for ophthalmic delivery of cyclosporine A. Ocular chitosan films were prepared in order to prolong ocular delivery of cyclosporine A. 24929014 7 3 theme chitosan 1021:1028 arg1 films 1030:1034 chitosan films 1021:1034 chitosan films 1021:1034 Lower drug release was measured from chitosan films containing a higher amount of plasticizer as glycerol decreased the swelling of chitosan films. 24929014 8 4 theme chitosan 1101:1108 arg1 chains 1110:1115 chitosan chains 1101:1115 chitosan chains in the presence of glycerol and cyclodextrins 1101:1161 FTIR spectra suggest a reorganization of hydrogen bonds between chitosan chains in the presence of glycerol and cyclodextrins. 24929014 1 5 theme casting 253:259 arg1 method 273:278 the solvent casting evaporation method 241:278 the solvent casting evaporation method 241:278 The mucoadhesive films were prepared using the solvent casting evaporation method. 24929014 10 6 theme Jurkat 1477:1482 arg1 cells 1486:1490 concanavalin A stimulated Jurkat T cells 1451:1490 concanavalin A stimulated Jurkat T cells 1451:1490 Cyclosporine A dispersed in the various film formulations remained anti-inflammatorily active as significant suppression of interleukin-2 secretion in concanavalin A stimulated Jurkat T cells was measured. 24929014 6 7 theme A 810:810 arg1 thickness 726:734 Film thickness 721:734 Film thickness 721:734 Film thickness, water uptake, mechanical properties and in vitro release of cyclosporine A were dependent on film composition, especially on the amount of plasticizer. 24929014 6 7 theme A 810:810 arg1 uptake 743:748 water uptake 737:748 water uptake 737:748 Film thickness, water uptake, mechanical properties and in vitro release of cyclosporine A were dependent on film composition, especially on the amount of plasticizer. 24929014 6 7 theme A 810:810 arg1 properties 762:771 mechanical properties 751:771 mechanical properties 751:771 Film thickness, water uptake, mechanical properties and in vitro release of cyclosporine A were dependent on film composition, especially on the amount of plasticizer. 24929014 6 7 theme A 810:810 arg1 release 786:792 in vitro release 777:792 in vitro release of cyclosporine A 777:810 Film thickness, water uptake, mechanical properties and in vitro release of cyclosporine A were dependent on film composition, especially on the amount of plasticizer. 24929014 3 8 theme drug 480:483 arg1 release 485:491 in vitro drug release 471:491 in vitro drug release 471:491 Moreover, uniformity of content and in vitro drug release were investigated. 24929014 1 9 theme evaporation 261:271 arg1 method 273:278 the solvent casting evaporation method 241:278 the solvent casting evaporation method 241:278 The mucoadhesive films were prepared using the solvent casting evaporation method. 24929014 0 10 theme Ocular 107:112 arg1 films 123:127 cyclosporine A. Ocular chitosan films 91:127 cyclosporine A. Ocular chitosan films 91:127 Development and characterization of mucoadhesive chitosan films for ophthalmic delivery of cyclosporine A. Ocular chitosan films were prepared in order to prolong ocular delivery of cyclosporine A. 24929014 6 11 theme in 777:778 arg1 release 786:792 in vitro release 777:792 in vitro release of cyclosporine A 777:810 Film thickness, water uptake, mechanical properties and in vitro release of cyclosporine A were dependent on film composition, especially on the amount of plasticizer. 24929014 7 12 theme higher 954:959 arg1 plasticizer 971:981 plasticizer 971:981 plasticizer 971:981 Lower drug release was measured from chitosan films containing a higher amount of plasticizer as glycerol decreased the swelling of chitosan films. 24929014 7 12 theme higher 954:959 arg1 amount 961:966 a higher amount 952:966 a higher amount of plasticizer 952:981 Lower drug release was measured from chitosan films containing a higher amount of plasticizer as glycerol decreased the swelling of chitosan films. 24929014 6 13 theme cyclosporine 797:808 arg1 A 810:810 cyclosporine A 797:810 cyclosporine A 797:810 Film thickness, water uptake, mechanical properties and in vitro release of cyclosporine A were dependent on film composition, especially on the amount of plasticizer. 24929014 4 14 theme FTIR 578:581 arg1 analysis 583:590 FTIR analysis 578:590 FTIR analysis 578:590 Possible interactions between the film excipients were studied by FTIR analysis. 24929014 0 15 theme A. 104:105 arg1 films 123:127 cyclosporine A. Ocular chitosan films 91:127 cyclosporine A. Ocular chitosan films 91:127 Development and characterization of mucoadhesive chitosan films for ophthalmic delivery of cyclosporine A. Ocular chitosan films were prepared in order to prolong ocular delivery of cyclosporine A. 24929014 6 16 theme plasticizer 876:886 arg1 plasticizer 876:886 plasticizer 876:886 plasticizer 876:886 Film thickness, water uptake, mechanical properties and in vitro release of cyclosporine A were dependent on film composition, especially on the amount of plasticizer. 24929014 6 16 theme plasticizer 876:886 arg1 amount 866:871 the amount 862:871 the amount of plasticizer 862:886 Film thickness, water uptake, mechanical properties and in vitro release of cyclosporine A were dependent on film composition, especially on the amount of plasticizer. 24929014 0 17 theme A 195:195 arg1 delivery 170:177 ocular delivery 163:177 ocular delivery of cyclosporine A 163:195 Development and characterization of mucoadhesive chitosan films for ophthalmic delivery of cyclosporine A. Ocular chitosan films were prepared in order to prolong ocular delivery of cyclosporine A. 24929014 5 18 theme In 593:594 arg1 experiments 602:612 In vitro experiments 593:612 In vitro experiments 593:612 In vitro experiments were performed in order to evaluate the cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of the chitosan films. 24929014 10 19 from suppression 1409:1419 arg1 cells 1486:1490 concanavalin A stimulated Jurkat T cells 1451:1490 concanavalin A stimulated Jurkat T cells 1451:1490 Cyclosporine A dispersed in the various film formulations remained anti-inflammatorily active as significant suppression of interleukin-2 secretion in concanavalin A stimulated Jurkat T cells was measured. 24929014 0 20 theme films 123:127 arg1 delivery 79:86 ophthalmic delivery 68:86 ophthalmic delivery of cyclosporine A. Ocular chitosan films 68:127 Development and characterization of mucoadhesive chitosan films for ophthalmic delivery of cyclosporine A. Ocular chitosan films were prepared in order to prolong ocular delivery of cyclosporine A. 24929014 9 21 theme formulations 1181:1192 arg1 None 1164:1167 None 1164:1167 None of the film formulations 1164:1192 None of the film formulations showed significant cytotoxicity as compared to the negative control using human epithelial cells (HaCaT). 24929014 6 22 from composition 835:845 arg1 plasticizer 876:886 plasticizer 876:886 plasticizer 876:886 Film thickness, water uptake, mechanical properties and in vitro release of cyclosporine A were dependent on film composition, especially on the amount of plasticizer. 24929014 6 22 from composition 835:845 arg1 amount 866:871 the amount 862:871 the amount of plasticizer 862:886 Film thickness, water uptake, mechanical properties and in vitro release of cyclosporine A were dependent on film composition, especially on the amount of plasticizer. 24929014 0 23 theme chitosan 114:121 arg1 films 123:127 cyclosporine A. Ocular chitosan films 91:127 cyclosporine A. Ocular chitosan films 91:127 Development and characterization of mucoadhesive chitosan films for ophthalmic delivery of cyclosporine A. Ocular chitosan films were prepared in order to prolong ocular delivery of cyclosporine A. 24929014 7 24 contain containing 941:950 arg2 amount 961:966 a higher amount 952:966 a higher amount of plasticizer 952:981 Lower drug release was measured from chitosan films containing a higher amount of plasticizer as glycerol decreased the swelling of chitosan films. 24929014 7 24 contain containing 941:950 arg1 films 935:939 chitosan films 926:939 chitosan films containing a higher amount of plasticizer as glycerol decreased the swelling of chitosan films 926:1034 Lower drug release was measured from chitosan films containing a higher amount of plasticizer as glycerol decreased the swelling of chitosan films. 24929014 7 24 contain containing 941:950 arg2 plasticizer 971:981 plasticizer 971:981 plasticizer 971:981 Lower drug release was measured from chitosan films containing a higher amount of plasticizer as glycerol decreased the swelling of chitosan films. 24929014 2 25 from effect 335:340 arg1 thickness 382:390 the film thickness 373:390 the film thickness 373:390 A 2(4) full factorial design was used to evaluate the effect of 4 preparation parameters on the film thickness, swelling index and mechanical properties. 24929014 2 25 from effect 335:340 arg1 index 402:406 swelling index 393:406 swelling index 393:406 A 2(4) full factorial design was used to evaluate the effect of 4 preparation parameters on the film thickness, swelling index and mechanical properties. 24929014 2 25 from effect 335:340 arg1 properties 423:432 mechanical properties 412:432 mechanical properties 412:432 A 2(4) full factorial design was used to evaluate the effect of 4 preparation parameters on the film thickness, swelling index and mechanical properties. 24929014 3 26 dep in 471:472 arg1 vitro 474:478 vitro 474:478 vitro 474:478 Moreover, uniformity of content and in vitro drug release were investigated. 24929014 8 27 theme bonds 1087:1091 arg1 reorganization 1060:1073 a reorganization 1058:1073 a reorganization of hydrogen bonds between chitosan chains in the presence of glycerol and cyclodextrins 1058:1161 FTIR spectra suggest a reorganization of hydrogen bonds between chitosan chains in the presence of glycerol and cyclodextrins. 24929014 2 28 used used 314:317 arg2 design 303:308 A 2(4) full factorial design 281:308 A 2(4) full factorial design 281:308 A 2(4) full factorial design was used to evaluate the effect of 4 preparation parameters on the film thickness, swelling index and mechanical properties. 24929014 6 29 dep in 777:778 arg1 vitro 780:784 vitro 780:784 vitro 780:784 Film thickness, water uptake, mechanical properties and in vitro release of cyclosporine A were dependent on film composition, especially on the amount of plasticizer. 24929014 2 30 theme parameters 359:368 arg1 effect 335:340 the effect 331:340 the effect of 4 preparation parameters on the film thickness, swelling index and mechanical properties 331:432 A 2(4) full factorial design was used to evaluate the effect of 4 preparation parameters on the film thickness, swelling index and mechanical properties. 24929014 2 31 theme mechanical 412:421 arg1 properties 423:432 mechanical properties 412:432 mechanical properties 412:432 A 2(4) full factorial design was used to evaluate the effect of 4 preparation parameters on the film thickness, swelling index and mechanical properties. 24929014 10 32 theme secretion 1438:1446 arg1 suppression 1409:1419 significant suppression 1397:1419 significant suppression of interleukin-2 secretion in concanavalin A stimulated Jurkat T cells 1397:1490 Cyclosporine A dispersed in the various film formulations remained anti-inflammatorily active as significant suppression of interleukin-2 secretion in concanavalin A stimulated Jurkat T cells was measured. 24929014 2 33 theme factorial 293:301 arg1 design 303:308 A 2(4) full factorial design 281:308 A 2(4) full factorial design 281:308 A 2(4) full factorial design was used to evaluate the effect of 4 preparation parameters on the film thickness, swelling index and mechanical properties. 24929014 8 34 theme glycerol 1136:1143 arg1 presence 1124:1131 the presence 1120:1131 the presence of glycerol and cyclodextrins 1120:1161 FTIR spectra suggest a reorganization of hydrogen bonds between chitosan chains in the presence of glycerol and cyclodextrins. 24929014 2 35 theme preparation 347:357 arg1 parameters 359:368 4 preparation parameters 345:368 4 preparation parameters 345:368 A 2(4) full factorial design was used to evaluate the effect of 4 preparation parameters on the film thickness, swelling index and mechanical properties. 24929014 10 36 theme stimulated 1466:1475 arg1 cells 1486:1490 concanavalin A stimulated Jurkat T cells 1451:1490 concanavalin A stimulated Jurkat T cells 1451:1490 Cyclosporine A dispersed in the various film formulations remained anti-inflammatorily active as significant suppression of interleukin-2 secretion in concanavalin A stimulated Jurkat T cells was measured. 24929014 10 37 theme interleukin-2 1424:1436 arg1 secretion 1438:1446 interleukin-2 secretion 1424:1446 interleukin-2 secretion 1424:1446 Cyclosporine A dispersed in the various film formulations remained anti-inflammatorily active as significant suppression of interleukin-2 secretion in concanavalin A stimulated Jurkat T cells was measured. 24929014 2 38 theme full 288:291 arg1 design 303:308 A 2(4) full factorial design 281:308 A 2(4) full factorial design 281:308 A 2(4) full factorial design was used to evaluate the effect of 4 preparation parameters on the film thickness, swelling index and mechanical properties. 24929014 2 39 theme swelling 393:400 arg1 index 402:406 swelling index 393:406 swelling index 393:406 A 2(4) full factorial design was used to evaluate the effect of 4 preparation parameters on the film thickness, swelling index and mechanical properties. 24929014 9 40 theme film 1176:1179 arg1 formulations 1181:1192 the film formulations 1172:1192 the film formulations 1172:1192 None of the film formulations showed significant cytotoxicity as compared to the negative control using human epithelial cells (HaCaT). 24929014 10 41 theme Cyclosporine 1300:1311 arg1 A 1313:1313 Cyclosporine A 1300:1313 Cyclosporine A dispersed in the various film formulations 1300:1356 Cyclosporine A dispersed in the various film formulations remained anti-inflammatorily active as significant suppression of interleukin-2 secretion in concanavalin A stimulated Jurkat T cells was measured. 24929014 1 42 theme mucoadhesive 202:213 arg1 films 215:219 The mucoadhesive films 198:219 The mucoadhesive films 198:219 The mucoadhesive films were prepared using the solvent casting evaporation method. 24929014 0 43 theme chitosan 49:56 arg1 films 58:62 mucoadhesive chitosan films 36:62 mucoadhesive chitosan films for ophthalmic delivery of cyclosporine A. Ocular chitosan films 36:127 Development and characterization of mucoadhesive chitosan films for ophthalmic delivery of cyclosporine A. Ocular chitosan films were prepared in order to prolong ocular delivery of cyclosporine A. 24929014 4 44 theme film 546:549 arg1 excipients 551:560 the film excipients 542:560 the film excipients 542:560 Possible interactions between the film excipients were studied by FTIR analysis. 24929014 5 45 theme chitosan 705:712 arg1 films 714:718 the chitosan films 701:718 the chitosan films 701:718 In vitro experiments were performed in order to evaluate the cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of the chitosan films. 24929014 0 46 theme mucoadhesive 36:47 arg1 films 58:62 mucoadhesive chitosan films 36:62 mucoadhesive chitosan films for ophthalmic delivery of cyclosporine A. Ocular chitosan films 36:127 Development and characterization of mucoadhesive chitosan films for ophthalmic delivery of cyclosporine A. Ocular chitosan films were prepared in order to prolong ocular delivery of cyclosporine A. 24929014 5 47 theme films 714:718 arg1 cytotoxicity 654:665 cytotoxicity 654:665 cytotoxicity 654:665 In vitro experiments were performed in order to evaluate the cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of the chitosan films. 24929014 5 47 theme films 714:718 arg1 activity 689:696 anti-inflammatory activity 671:696 anti-inflammatory activity 671:696 In vitro experiments were performed in order to evaluate the cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of the chitosan films. 24929014 8 48 from chains 1110:1115 arg1 presence 1124:1131 the presence 1120:1131 the presence of glycerol and cyclodextrins 1120:1161 FTIR spectra suggest a reorganization of hydrogen bonds between chitosan chains in the presence of glycerol and cyclodextrins. 24929014 6 49 theme mechanical 751:760 arg1 properties 762:771 mechanical properties 751:771 mechanical properties 751:771 Film thickness, water uptake, mechanical properties and in vitro release of cyclosporine A were dependent on film composition, especially on the amount of plasticizer. 24929014 2 50 theme film 377:380 arg1 thickness 382:390 the film thickness 373:390 the film thickness 373:390 A 2(4) full factorial design was used to evaluate the effect of 4 preparation parameters on the film thickness, swelling index and mechanical properties. 24929014 10 51 theme A 1464:1464 arg1 cells 1486:1490 concanavalin A stimulated Jurkat T cells 1451:1490 concanavalin A stimulated Jurkat T cells 1451:1490 Cyclosporine A dispersed in the various film formulations remained anti-inflammatorily active as significant suppression of interleukin-2 secretion in concanavalin A stimulated Jurkat T cells was measured. 24929014 8 52 theme cyclodextrins 1149:1161 arg1 presence 1124:1131 the presence 1120:1131 the presence of glycerol and cyclodextrins 1120:1161 FTIR spectra suggest a reorganization of hydrogen bonds between chitosan chains in the presence of glycerol and cyclodextrins. 24929014 7 53 theme films 1030:1034 arg1 swelling 1009:1016 the swelling 1005:1016 the swelling of chitosan films 1005:1034 Lower drug release was measured from chitosan films containing a higher amount of plasticizer as glycerol decreased the swelling of chitosan films. 24929014 9 54 theme negative 1245:1252 arg1 control 1254:1260 the negative control 1241:1260 the negative control using human epithelial cells (HaCaT) 1241:1297 None of the film formulations showed significant cytotoxicity as compared to the negative control using human epithelial cells (HaCaT). 24929014 10 55 theme various 1332:1338 arg1 formulations 1345:1356 the various film formulations 1328:1356 the various film formulations 1328:1356 Cyclosporine A dispersed in the various film formulations remained anti-inflammatorily active as significant suppression of interleukin-2 secretion in concanavalin A stimulated Jurkat T cells was measured. 24929014 0 56 theme films 58:62 arg1 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 Development and characterization of mucoadhesive chitosan films for ophthalmic delivery of cyclosporine A. Ocular chitosan films were prepared in order to prolong ocular delivery of cyclosporine A. 24929014 0 56 theme films 58:62 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development and characterization of mucoadhesive chitosan films for ophthalmic delivery of cyclosporine A. Ocular chitosan films were prepared in order to prolong ocular delivery of cyclosporine A. 24929014 7 57 theme chitosan 926:933 arg1 films 935:939 chitosan films 926:939 chitosan films containing a higher amount of plasticizer as glycerol decreased the swelling of chitosan films 926:1034 Lower drug release was measured from chitosan films containing a higher amount of plasticizer as glycerol decreased the swelling of chitosan films. 24929014 6 58 theme film 830:833 arg1 composition 835:845 film composition 830:845 film composition 830:845 Film thickness, water uptake, mechanical properties and in vitro release of cyclosporine A were dependent on film composition, especially on the amount of plasticizer. 24929014 8 59 theme FTIR 1037:1040 arg1 spectra 1042:1048 FTIR spectra 1037:1048 FTIR spectra 1037:1048 FTIR spectra suggest a reorganization of hydrogen bonds between chitosan chains in the presence of glycerol and cyclodextrins. 24929014 3 60 theme in 471:472 arg1 release 485:491 in vitro drug release 471:491 in vitro drug release 471:491 Moreover, uniformity of content and in vitro drug release were investigated. 24929014 5 61 dep In 593:594 arg1 vitro 596:600 vitro 596:600 vitro 596:600 In vitro experiments were performed in order to evaluate the cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of the chitosan films. 24929014 4 62 theme Possible 512:519 arg1 interactions 521:532 Possible interactions 512:532 Possible interactions between the film excipients 512:560 Possible interactions between the film excipients were studied by FTIR analysis. 24929014 5 63 theme anti-inflammatory 671:687 arg1 activity 689:696 anti-inflammatory activity 671:696 anti-inflammatory activity 671:696 In vitro experiments were performed in order to evaluate the cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of the chitosan films. 24929014 10 64 theme concanavalin 1451:1462 arg1 A 1464:1464 concanavalin A 1451:1464 concanavalin A stimulated Jurkat T cells 1451:1490 Cyclosporine A dispersed in the various film formulations remained anti-inflammatorily active as significant suppression of interleukin-2 secretion in concanavalin A stimulated Jurkat T cells was measured. 24929014 6 65 theme water 737:741 arg1 uptake 743:748 water uptake 737:748 water uptake 737:748 Film thickness, water uptake, mechanical properties and in vitro release of cyclosporine A were dependent on film composition, especially on the amount of plasticizer. 24929014 10 66 theme significant 1397:1407 arg1 suppression 1409:1419 significant suppression 1397:1419 significant suppression of interleukin-2 secretion in concanavalin A stimulated Jurkat T cells 1397:1490 Cyclosporine A dispersed in the various film formulations remained anti-inflammatorily active as significant suppression of interleukin-2 secretion in concanavalin A stimulated Jurkat T cells was measured. 24929014 0 67 theme ocular 163:168 arg1 delivery 170:177 ocular delivery 163:177 ocular delivery of cyclosporine A 163:195 Development and characterization of mucoadhesive chitosan films for ophthalmic delivery of cyclosporine A. Ocular chitosan films were prepared in order to prolong ocular delivery of cyclosporine A. 24929014 9 68 theme human 1268:1272 arg1 HaCaT 1292:1296 HaCaT 1292:1296 HaCaT 1292:1296 None of the film formulations showed significant cytotoxicity as compared to the negative control using human epithelial cells (HaCaT). 24929014 9 68 theme human 1268:1272 arg1 cells 1285:1289 human epithelial cells 1268:1289 human epithelial cells (HaCaT) 1268:1297 None of the film formulations showed significant cytotoxicity as compared to the negative control using human epithelial cells (HaCaT). 24929014 10 69 theme film 1340:1343 arg1 formulations 1345:1356 the various film formulations 1328:1356 the various film formulations 1328:1356 Cyclosporine A dispersed in the various film formulations remained anti-inflammatorily active as significant suppression of interleukin-2 secretion in concanavalin A stimulated Jurkat T cells was measured. 24929014 7 70 theme plasticizer 971:981 arg1 plasticizer 971:981 plasticizer 971:981 plasticizer 971:981 Lower drug release was measured from chitosan films containing a higher amount of plasticizer as glycerol decreased the swelling of chitosan films. 24929014 7 70 theme plasticizer 971:981 arg1 amount 961:966 a higher amount 952:966 a higher amount of plasticizer 952:981 Lower drug release was measured from chitosan films containing a higher amount of plasticizer as glycerol decreased the swelling of chitosan films. 24929014 3 71 theme content 459:465 arg1 uniformity 445:454 uniformity 445:454 uniformity of content and in vitro drug release 445:491 Moreover, uniformity of content and in vitro drug release were investigated. 24929014 9 72 theme epithelial 1274:1283 arg1 HaCaT 1292:1296 HaCaT 1292:1296 HaCaT 1292:1296 None of the film formulations showed significant cytotoxicity as compared to the negative control using human epithelial cells (HaCaT). 24929014 9 72 theme epithelial 1274:1283 arg1 cells 1285:1289 human epithelial cells 1268:1289 human epithelial cells (HaCaT) 1268:1297 None of the film formulations showed significant cytotoxicity as compared to the negative control using human epithelial cells (HaCaT). 24929014 3 73 theme release 485:491 arg1 uniformity 445:454 uniformity 445:454 uniformity of content and in vitro drug release 445:491 Moreover, uniformity of content and in vitro drug release were investigated. 24929014 7 74 theme Lower 889:893 arg1 release 900:906 Lower drug release 889:906 Lower drug release 889:906 Lower drug release was measured from chitosan films containing a higher amount of plasticizer as glycerol decreased the swelling of chitosan films. 24929014 9 75 theme significant 1201:1211 arg1 cytotoxicity 1213:1224 significant cytotoxicity 1201:1224 significant cytotoxicity 1201:1224 None of the film formulations showed significant cytotoxicity as compared to the negative control using human epithelial cells (HaCaT). 24929014 0 76 theme ophthalmic 68:77 arg1 delivery 79:86 ophthalmic delivery 68:86 ophthalmic delivery of cyclosporine A. Ocular chitosan films 68:127 Development and characterization of mucoadhesive chitosan films for ophthalmic delivery of cyclosporine A. Ocular chitosan films were prepared in order to prolong ocular delivery of cyclosporine A. 24929014 6 77 theme Film 721:724 arg1 thickness 726:734 Film thickness 721:734 Film thickness 721:734 Film thickness, water uptake, mechanical properties and in vitro release of cyclosporine A were dependent on film composition, especially on the amount of plasticizer. 24929014 10 78 theme T 1484:1484 arg1 cells 1486:1490 concanavalin A stimulated Jurkat T cells 1451:1490 concanavalin A stimulated Jurkat T cells 1451:1490 Cyclosporine A dispersed in the various film formulations remained anti-inflammatorily active as significant suppression of interleukin-2 secretion in concanavalin A stimulated Jurkat T cells was measured. 24929014 8 79 theme hydrogen 1078:1085 arg1 bonds 1087:1091 hydrogen bonds 1078:1091 hydrogen bonds between chitosan chains in the presence of glycerol and cyclodextrins 1078:1161 FTIR spectra suggest a reorganization of hydrogen bonds between chitosan chains in the presence of glycerol and cyclodextrins. 24929014 1 80 theme solvent 245:251 arg1 method 273:278 the solvent casting evaporation method 241:278 the solvent casting evaporation method 241:278 The mucoadhesive films were prepared using the solvent casting evaporation method. 28864980 8 0 theme thiols 1150:1155 arg1 proportional 1170:1181 proportional 1170:1181 proportional 1170:1181 It was found that the adsorption of thiols was directly proportional to the activated carbon content of the films. 28864980 8 0 theme thiols 1150:1155 arg1 adsorption 1136:1145 the adsorption 1132:1145 the adsorption of thiols 1132:1155 It was found that the adsorption of thiols was directly proportional to the activated carbon content of the films. 28864980 5 1 theme natural 632:638 arg1 polysaccharide 640:653 a natural polysaccharide 630:653 a natural polysaccharide derived from seaweed that forms brittle free-standing films that can be made pliable by addition of a plasticiser 630:767 Agarose is a natural polysaccharide derived from seaweed that forms brittle free-standing films that can be made pliable by addition of a plasticiser. 28864980 5 1 theme natural 632:638 arg1 Agarose 619:625 Agarose 619:625 Agarose 619:625 Agarose is a natural polysaccharide derived from seaweed that forms brittle free-standing films that can be made pliable by addition of a plasticiser. 28864980 7 2 theme films 1053:1057 arg1 breathability 1030:1042 the potential breathability 1016:1042 the potential breathability of these films 1016:1057 The water vapour transmission rate was also evaluated to determine the potential breathability of these films should they be considered for application to the skin. 28864980 1 3 theme cardiovascular 140:153 arg1 disease 155:161 cardiovascular disease 140:161 cardiovascular disease 140:161 Conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and long-term immobilisation can precipitate the development of chronic dermal ulcers. 28864980 3 4 from wounds 543:548 arg1 odours 526:531 the odours 522:531 the odours from such wounds 522:548 Activated carbon-containing dressings have been used to manage the odours from such wounds. 28864980 5 5 theme plasticiser 757:767 arg1 addition 743:750 addition 743:750 addition of a plasticiser 743:767 Agarose is a natural polysaccharide derived from seaweed that forms brittle free-standing films that can be made pliable by addition of a plasticiser. 28864980 6 6 theme plasticised 813:823 arg1 films 833:837 activated carbon-containing plasticised agarose films 785:837 activated carbon-containing plasticised agarose films 785:837 In this study, activated carbon-containing plasticised agarose films were evaluated for their ability to sequester thiol-containing molecules from solution and the gaseous phase. 28864980 10 7 theme plasticised 1437:1447 arg1 films 1457:1461 activated carbon-containing plasticised agarose films 1409:1461 activated carbon-containing plasticised agarose films 1409:1461 In conclusion, activated carbon-containing plasticised agarose films have some potential in the sequestration of malodourous molecules such as those liberated from chronic dermal wounds. 28864980 6 8 theme carbon-containing 795:811 arg1 films 833:837 activated carbon-containing plasticised agarose films 785:837 activated carbon-containing plasticised agarose films 785:837 In this study, activated carbon-containing plasticised agarose films were evaluated for their ability to sequester thiol-containing molecules from solution and the gaseous phase. 28864980 2 9 theme bacterial 299:307 arg1 contamination 309:321 bacterial contamination 299:321 bacterial contamination 299:321 Such wounds are associated with inflammation and bacterial contamination which in turn can lead to the liberation of offensive odours that cause patient embarrassment and, in some instances, social isolation. 28864980 6 10 theme activated 785:793 arg1 films 833:837 activated carbon-containing plasticised agarose films 785:837 activated carbon-containing plasticised agarose films 785:837 In this study, activated carbon-containing plasticised agarose films were evaluated for their ability to sequester thiol-containing molecules from solution and the gaseous phase. 28864980 8 11 theme activated 1190:1198 arg1 content 1207:1213 the activated carbon content 1186:1213 the activated carbon content of the films 1186:1226 It was found that the adsorption of thiols was directly proportional to the activated carbon content of the films. 28864980 0 12 theme malodour 101:108 arg1 films 47:51 carbon-plasticised agarose composite films 10:51 carbon-plasticised agarose composite films for the adsorption of thiol 10:79 Activated carbon-plasticised agarose composite films for the adsorption of thiol as a model of wound malodour. 28864980 0 12 theme malodour 101:108 arg1 model 86:90 a model 84:90 a model of wound malodour 84:108 Activated carbon-plasticised agarose composite films for the adsorption of thiol as a model of wound malodour. 28864980 9 13 theme sweat-induced 1312:1324 arg1 maceration 1333:1342 sweat-induced tissue maceration 1312:1342 sweat-induced tissue maceration 1312:1342 Water vapour was found to pass relatively freely through the films indicating that sweat-induced tissue maceration would be unlikely to occur if applied clinically. 28864980 7 14 theme transmission 966:977 arg1 rate 979:982 The water vapour transmission rate 949:982 The water vapour transmission rate 949:982 The water vapour transmission rate was also evaluated to determine the potential breathability of these films should they be considered for application to the skin. 28864980 3 15 theme such 538:541 arg1 wounds 543:548 such wounds 538:548 such wounds 538:548 Activated carbon-containing dressings have been used to manage the odours from such wounds. 28864980 8 16 theme carbon 1200:1205 arg1 content 1207:1213 the activated carbon content 1186:1213 the activated carbon content of the films 1186:1226 It was found that the adsorption of thiols was directly proportional to the activated carbon content of the films. 28864980 0 17 theme wound 95:99 arg1 malodour 101:108 wound malodour 95:108 wound malodour 95:108 Activated carbon-plasticised agarose composite films for the adsorption of thiol as a model of wound malodour. 28864980 6 18 theme thiol-containing 885:900 arg1 molecules 902:910 thiol-containing molecules 885:910 thiol-containing molecules 885:910 In this study, activated carbon-containing plasticised agarose films were evaluated for their ability to sequester thiol-containing molecules from solution and the gaseous phase. 28864980 10 19 theme agarose 1449:1455 arg1 films 1457:1461 activated carbon-containing plasticised agarose films 1409:1461 activated carbon-containing plasticised agarose films 1409:1461 In conclusion, activated carbon-containing plasticised agarose films have some potential in the sequestration of malodourous molecules such as those liberated from chronic dermal wounds. 28864980 1 20 theme long-term 167:175 arg1 immobilisation 177:190 long-term immobilisation 167:190 long-term immobilisation 167:190 Conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and long-term immobilisation can precipitate the development of chronic dermal ulcers. 28864980 0 21 theme carbon-plasticised 10:27 arg1 model 86:90 a model 84:90 a model of wound malodour 84:108 Activated carbon-plasticised agarose composite films for the adsorption of thiol as a model of wound malodour. 28864980 0 21 theme carbon-plasticised 10:27 arg1 films 47:51 carbon-plasticised agarose composite films 10:51 carbon-plasticised agarose composite films for the adsorption of thiol 10:79 Activated carbon-plasticised agarose composite films for the adsorption of thiol as a model of wound malodour. 28864980 10 22 theme dermal 1566:1571 arg1 wounds 1573:1578 chronic dermal wounds 1558:1578 chronic dermal wounds 1558:1578 In conclusion, activated carbon-containing plasticised agarose films have some potential in the sequestration of malodourous molecules such as those liberated from chronic dermal wounds. 28864980 7 23 theme water 953:957 arg1 rate 979:982 The water vapour transmission rate 949:982 The water vapour transmission rate 949:982 The water vapour transmission rate was also evaluated to determine the potential breathability of these films should they be considered for application to the skin. 28864980 2 24 theme social 441:446 arg1 isolation 448:456 social isolation 441:456 social isolation 441:456 Such wounds are associated with inflammation and bacterial contamination which in turn can lead to the liberation of offensive odours that cause patient embarrassment and, in some instances, social isolation. 28864980 10 25 theme carbon-containing 1419:1435 arg1 films 1457:1461 activated carbon-containing plasticised agarose films 1409:1461 activated carbon-containing plasticised agarose films 1409:1461 In conclusion, activated carbon-containing plasticised agarose films have some potential in the sequestration of malodourous molecules such as those liberated from chronic dermal wounds. 28864980 0 26 theme composite 37:45 arg1 model 86:90 a model 84:90 a model of wound malodour 84:108 Activated carbon-plasticised agarose composite films for the adsorption of thiol as a model of wound malodour. 28864980 0 26 theme composite 37:45 arg1 films 47:51 carbon-plasticised agarose composite films 10:51 carbon-plasticised agarose composite films for the adsorption of thiol 10:79 Activated carbon-plasticised agarose composite films for the adsorption of thiol as a model of wound malodour. 28864980 7 27 theme vapour 959:964 arg1 rate 979:982 The water vapour transmission rate 949:982 The water vapour transmission rate 949:982 The water vapour transmission rate was also evaluated to determine the potential breathability of these films should they be considered for application to the skin. 28864980 5 28 theme free-standing 695:707 arg1 films 709:713 brittle free-standing films 687:713 brittle free-standing films that can be made pliable by addition of a plasticiser 687:767 Agarose is a natural polysaccharide derived from seaweed that forms brittle free-standing films that can be made pliable by addition of a plasticiser. 28864980 10 29 theme activated 1409:1417 arg1 films 1457:1461 activated carbon-containing plasticised agarose films 1409:1461 activated carbon-containing plasticised agarose films 1409:1461 In conclusion, activated carbon-containing plasticised agarose films have some potential in the sequestration of malodourous molecules such as those liberated from chronic dermal wounds. 28864980 3 30 theme carbon-containing 469:485 arg1 dressings 487:495 Activated carbon-containing dressings 459:495 Activated carbon-containing dressings 459:495 Activated carbon-containing dressings have been used to manage the odours from such wounds. 28864980 0 31 theme agarose 29:35 arg1 model 86:90 a model 84:90 a model of wound malodour 84:108 Activated carbon-plasticised agarose composite films for the adsorption of thiol as a model of wound malodour. 28864980 0 31 theme agarose 29:35 arg1 films 47:51 carbon-plasticised agarose composite films 10:51 carbon-plasticised agarose composite films for the adsorption of thiol 10:79 Activated carbon-plasticised agarose composite films for the adsorption of thiol as a model of wound malodour. 28864980 9 32 theme Water 1229:1233 arg1 vapour 1235:1240 Water vapour 1229:1240 Water vapour 1229:1240 Water vapour was found to pass relatively freely through the films indicating that sweat-induced tissue maceration would be unlikely to occur if applied clinically. 28864980 10 33 theme molecules 1519:1527 arg1 sequestration 1490:1502 the sequestration 1486:1502 the sequestration of malodourous molecules such as those liberated from chronic dermal wounds 1486:1578 In conclusion, activated carbon-containing plasticised agarose films have some potential in the sequestration of malodourous molecules such as those liberated from chronic dermal wounds. 28864980 5 34 attach derived 655:661 arg2 polysaccharide 640:653 a natural polysaccharide 630:653 a natural polysaccharide derived from seaweed that forms brittle free-standing films that can be made pliable by addition of a plasticiser 630:767 Agarose is a natural polysaccharide derived from seaweed that forms brittle free-standing films that can be made pliable by addition of a plasticiser. 28864980 5 34 attach derived 655:661 arg1 seaweed 668:674 seaweed 668:674 seaweed 668:674 Agarose is a natural polysaccharide derived from seaweed that forms brittle free-standing films that can be made pliable by addition of a plasticiser. 28864980 5 34 attach derived 655:661 arg2 Agarose 619:625 Agarose 619:625 Agarose 619:625 Agarose is a natural polysaccharide derived from seaweed that forms brittle free-standing films that can be made pliable by addition of a plasticiser. 28864980 10 35 contain have 1463:1466 arg1 films 1457:1461 activated carbon-containing plasticised agarose films 1409:1461 activated carbon-containing plasticised agarose films 1409:1461 In conclusion, activated carbon-containing plasticised agarose films have some potential in the sequestration of malodourous molecules such as those liberated from chronic dermal wounds. 28864980 10 35 contain have 1463:1466 arg2 potential 1473:1481 some potential 1468:1481 some potential 1468:1481 In conclusion, activated carbon-containing plasticised agarose films have some potential in the sequestration of malodourous molecules such as those liberated from chronic dermal wounds. 28864980 10 36 theme malodourous 1507:1517 arg1 molecules 1519:1527 malodourous molecules 1507:1527 malodourous molecules such as those liberated from chronic dermal wounds 1507:1578 In conclusion, activated carbon-containing plasticised agarose films have some potential in the sequestration of malodourous molecules such as those liberated from chronic dermal wounds. 28864980 10 36 theme malodourous 1507:1517 arg1 those 1537:1541 those 1537:1541 those 1537:1541 In conclusion, activated carbon-containing plasticised agarose films have some potential in the sequestration of malodourous molecules such as those liberated from chronic dermal wounds. 28864980 3 37 theme Activated 459:467 arg1 dressings 487:495 Activated carbon-containing dressings 459:495 Activated carbon-containing dressings 459:495 Activated carbon-containing dressings have been used to manage the odours from such wounds. 28864980 10 38 theme chronic 1558:1564 arg1 wounds 1573:1578 chronic dermal wounds 1558:1578 chronic dermal wounds 1558:1578 In conclusion, activated carbon-containing plasticised agarose films have some potential in the sequestration of malodourous molecules such as those liberated from chronic dermal wounds. 28864980 9 39 theme tissue 1326:1331 arg1 maceration 1333:1342 sweat-induced tissue maceration 1312:1342 sweat-induced tissue maceration 1312:1342 Water vapour was found to pass relatively freely through the films indicating that sweat-induced tissue maceration would be unlikely to occur if applied clinically. 28864980 8 40 theme films 1222:1226 arg1 content 1207:1213 the activated carbon content 1186:1213 the activated carbon content of the films 1186:1226 It was found that the adsorption of thiols was directly proportional to the activated carbon content of the films. 28864980 3 41 used used 507:510 arg2 dressings 487:495 Activated carbon-containing dressings 459:495 Activated carbon-containing dressings 459:495 Activated carbon-containing dressings have been used to manage the odours from such wounds. 28864980 7 42 theme potential 1020:1028 arg1 breathability 1030:1042 the potential breathability 1016:1042 the potential breathability of these films 1016:1057 The water vapour transmission rate was also evaluated to determine the potential breathability of these films should they be considered for application to the skin. 28864980 1 43 theme chronic 227:233 arg1 ulcers 242:247 chronic dermal ulcers 227:247 chronic dermal ulcers 227:247 Conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and long-term immobilisation can precipitate the development of chronic dermal ulcers. 28864980 5 44 theme brittle 687:693 arg1 films 709:713 brittle free-standing films 687:713 brittle free-standing films that can be made pliable by addition of a plasticiser 687:767 Agarose is a natural polysaccharide derived from seaweed that forms brittle free-standing films that can be made pliable by addition of a plasticiser. 28864980 10 45 attach liberated 1543:1551 arg2 those 1537:1541 those 1537:1541 those 1537:1541 In conclusion, activated carbon-containing plasticised agarose films have some potential in the sequestration of malodourous molecules such as those liberated from chronic dermal wounds. 28864980 10 45 attach liberated 1543:1551 arg1 wounds 1573:1578 chronic dermal wounds 1558:1578 chronic dermal wounds 1558:1578 In conclusion, activated carbon-containing plasticised agarose films have some potential in the sequestration of malodourous molecules such as those liberated from chronic dermal wounds. 28864980 1 46 theme dermal 235:240 arg1 ulcers 242:247 chronic dermal ulcers 227:247 chronic dermal ulcers 227:247 Conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and long-term immobilisation can precipitate the development of chronic dermal ulcers. 28864980 0 47 theme thiol 75:79 arg1 adsorption 61:70 the adsorption 57:70 the adsorption of thiol 57:79 Activated carbon-plasticised agarose composite films for the adsorption of thiol as a model of wound malodour. 28864980 6 48 theme agarose 825:831 arg1 films 833:837 activated carbon-containing plasticised agarose films 785:837 activated carbon-containing plasticised agarose films 785:837 In this study, activated carbon-containing plasticised agarose films were evaluated for their ability to sequester thiol-containing molecules from solution and the gaseous phase. 28864980 2 49 theme odours 377:382 arg1 liberation 353:362 the liberation 349:362 the liberation of offensive odours that cause patient embarrassment and, in some instances, social isolation 349:456 Such wounds are associated with inflammation and bacterial contamination which in turn can lead to the liberation of offensive odours that cause patient embarrassment and, in some instances, social isolation. 28864980 2 50 theme patient 395:401 arg1 embarrassment 403:415 patient embarrassment 395:415 patient embarrassment 395:415 Such wounds are associated with inflammation and bacterial contamination which in turn can lead to the liberation of offensive odours that cause patient embarrassment and, in some instances, social isolation. 28864980 1 51 theme ulcers 242:247 arg1 development 212:222 the development 208:222 the development of chronic dermal ulcers 208:247 Conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and long-term immobilisation can precipitate the development of chronic dermal ulcers. 28864980 6 52 theme gaseous 934:940 arg1 phase 942:946 the gaseous phase 930:946 the gaseous phase 930:946 In this study, activated carbon-containing plasticised agarose films were evaluated for their ability to sequester thiol-containing molecules from solution and the gaseous phase. 28864980 2 53 theme Such 250:253 arg1 wounds 255:260 Such wounds 250:260 Such wounds 250:260 Such wounds are associated with inflammation and bacterial contamination which in turn can lead to the liberation of offensive odours that cause patient embarrassment and, in some instances, social isolation. 28864980 2 54 theme offensive 367:375 arg1 odours 377:382 offensive odours 367:382 offensive odours that cause patient embarrassment and, in some instances, social isolation 367:456 Such wounds are associated with inflammation and bacterial contamination which in turn can lead to the liberation of offensive odours that cause patient embarrassment and, in some instances, social isolation. 28864980 4 55 theme wound 604:608 arg1 exudate 610:616 wound exudate 604:616 wound exudate 604:616 However, these can be bulky and can become fouled by wound exudate. 28578969 3 0 theme present 324:330 arg1 study 332:336 the present study 320:336 the present study 320:336 In the present study, the nerve growth factor (NGF) loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds were fabricated via electrostatic interaction for further improving nerve regeneration. 28578969 7 1 dep heparin 870:876 arg1 immobilization 878:891 immobilization 878:891 immobilization 878:891 The results showed that the heparin immobilization and NGF loading did not cause the change of bulk properties of chitosan scaffolds except for morphology and wettability. 28578969 7 1 dep heparin 870:876 arg1 loading 901:907 NGF loading 897:907 NGF loading 897:907 The results showed that the heparin immobilization and NGF loading did not cause the change of bulk properties of chitosan scaffolds except for morphology and wettability. 28578969 8 2 theme NGF 1121:1123 arg1 stability 1088:1096 the stability 1084:1096 the stability of subsequently loaded NGF 1084:1123 The pre-immobilization of heparin in chitosan scaffolds could enhance the stability of subsequently loaded NGF. 28578969 8 3 theme heparin 1040:1046 arg1 pre-immobilization 1018:1035 The pre-immobilization 1014:1035 The pre-immobilization of heparin in chitosan scaffolds 1014:1068 The pre-immobilization of heparin in chitosan scaffolds could enhance the stability of subsequently loaded NGF. 28578969 10 4 theme Schwann 1368:1374 arg1 cells 1376:1380 Schwann cells 1368:1380 Schwann cells 1368:1380 More importantly, the NGF loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds could effectively promote the morphology development of Schwann cells. 28578969 7 5 theme chitosan 956:963 arg1 scaffolds 965:973 chitosan scaffolds 956:973 chitosan scaffolds 956:973 The results showed that the heparin immobilization and NGF loading did not cause the change of bulk properties of chitosan scaffolds except for morphology and wettability. 28578969 8 6 theme loaded 1114:1119 arg1 NGF 1121:1123 subsequently loaded NGF 1101:1123 subsequently loaded NGF 1101:1123 The pre-immobilization of heparin in chitosan scaffolds could enhance the stability of subsequently loaded NGF. 28578969 7 7 theme bulk 937:940 arg1 properties 942:951 bulk properties 937:951 bulk properties of chitosan scaffolds 937:973 The results showed that the heparin immobilization and NGF loading did not cause the change of bulk properties of chitosan scaffolds except for morphology and wettability. 28578969 3 8 theme factor 356:361 arg1 scaffolds 393:401 the nerve growth factor (NGF) loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds 339:401 the nerve growth factor (NGF) loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds 339:401 In the present study, the nerve growth factor (NGF) loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds were fabricated via electrostatic interaction for further improving nerve regeneration. 28578969 6 9 dep loaded 724:729 arg1 NGF 720:722 NGF 720:722 NGF 720:722 The effect of NGF loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds on nerve regeneration was evaluated by Schwann cells culture for different periods. 28578969 2 10 theme clinical 295:302 arg1 requirement 304:314 the clinical requirement 291:314 the clinical requirement 291:314 However, the effect was not as good as that of autologous grafts and therefore could not meet the clinical requirement. 28578969 7 11 theme properties 942:951 arg1 change 927:932 the change 923:932 the change of bulk properties of chitosan scaffolds 923:973 The results showed that the heparin immobilization and NGF loading did not cause the change of bulk properties of chitosan scaffolds except for morphology and wettability. 28578969 4 12 theme physicochemical 495:509 arg1 properties 511:520 The physicochemical properties 491:520 The physicochemical properties including morphology, wettability and composition 491:570 The physicochemical properties including morphology, wettability and composition were measured. 28578969 4 12 theme physicochemical 495:509 arg1 composition 560:570 composition 560:570 composition 560:570 The physicochemical properties including morphology, wettability and composition were measured. 28578969 4 12 theme physicochemical 495:509 arg1 wettability 544:554 wettability 544:554 wettability 544:554 The physicochemical properties including morphology, wettability and composition were measured. 28578969 4 12 theme physicochemical 495:509 arg1 morphology 532:541 morphology 532:541 morphology 532:541 The physicochemical properties including morphology, wettability and composition were measured. 28578969 9 13 theme cells 1236:1240 arg1 proliferation 1211:1223 proliferation 1211:1223 proliferation 1211:1223 The NGF loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds could obviously improve the attachment and proliferation of Schwann cells in vitro. 28578969 9 13 theme cells 1236:1240 arg1 attachment 1196:1205 attachment 1196:1205 attachment 1196:1205 The NGF loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds could obviously improve the attachment and proliferation of Schwann cells in vitro. 28578969 7 14 theme NGF 897:899 arg1 loading 901:907 NGF loading 897:907 NGF loading 897:907 The results showed that the heparin immobilization and NGF loading did not cause the change of bulk properties of chitosan scaffolds except for morphology and wettability. 28578969 3 15 theme nerve 343:347 arg1 NGF 364:366 NGF 364:366 NGF 364:366 In the present study, the nerve growth factor (NGF) loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds were fabricated via electrostatic interaction for further improving nerve regeneration. 28578969 3 15 theme nerve 343:347 arg1 factor 356:361 nerve growth factor 343:361 the nerve growth factor (NGF) loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds 339:401 In the present study, the nerve growth factor (NGF) loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds were fabricated via electrostatic interaction for further improving nerve regeneration. 28578969 7 16 theme scaffolds 965:973 arg1 properties 942:951 bulk properties 937:951 bulk properties of chitosan scaffolds 937:973 The results showed that the heparin immobilization and NGF loading did not cause the change of bulk properties of chitosan scaffolds except for morphology and wettability. 28578969 3 17 theme growth 349:354 arg1 NGF 364:366 NGF 364:366 NGF 364:366 In the present study, the nerve growth factor (NGF) loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds were fabricated via electrostatic interaction for further improving nerve regeneration. 28578969 3 17 theme growth 349:354 arg1 factor 356:361 nerve growth factor 343:361 the nerve growth factor (NGF) loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds 339:401 In the present study, the nerve growth factor (NGF) loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds were fabricated via electrostatic interaction for further improving nerve regeneration. 28578969 5 18 theme NGF 615:617 arg1 loading 619:625 NGF loading 615:625 NGF loading 615:625 The heparin immobilization, NGF loading and release were quantitatively and qualitatively characterized, respectively. 28578969 0 19 theme Nerve 0:4 arg1 factor 13:18 Nerve growth factor 0:18 Nerve growth factor loaded heparin/chitosan 0:42 Nerve growth factor loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds for accelerating peripheral nerve regeneration. 28578969 0 20 theme growth 6:11 arg1 factor 13:18 Nerve growth factor 0:18 Nerve growth factor loaded heparin/chitosan 0:42 Nerve growth factor loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds for accelerating peripheral nerve regeneration. 28578969 11 21 theme useful 1407:1412 arg1 basis 1427:1431 a useful experimental basis 1405:1431 a useful experimental basis to design 1405:1441 The study may provide a useful experimental basis to design and develop artificial implants for peripheral nerve regeneration and other tissue regeneration. 28578969 11 22 theme other 1513:1517 arg1 regeneration 1526:1537 other tissue regeneration 1513:1537 other tissue regeneration 1513:1537 The study may provide a useful experimental basis to design and develop artificial implants for peripheral nerve regeneration and other tissue regeneration. 28578969 1 23 theme Artificial 102:111 arg1 scaffolds 122:130 Artificial chitosan scaffolds 102:130 Artificial chitosan scaffolds 102:130 Artificial chitosan scaffolds have been widely investigated for peripheral nerve regeneration. 28578969 6 24 theme nerve 761:765 arg1 regeneration 767:778 nerve regeneration 761:778 nerve regeneration 761:778 The effect of NGF loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds on nerve regeneration was evaluated by Schwann cells culture for different periods. 28578969 3 25 theme electrostatic 423:435 arg1 interaction 437:447 electrostatic interaction 423:447 electrostatic interaction for further improving nerve regeneration 423:488 In the present study, the nerve growth factor (NGF) loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds were fabricated via electrostatic interaction for further improving nerve regeneration. 28578969 3 26 theme heparin/chitosan 376:391 arg1 scaffolds 393:401 the nerve growth factor (NGF) loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds 339:401 the nerve growth factor (NGF) loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds 339:401 In the present study, the nerve growth factor (NGF) loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds were fabricated via electrostatic interaction for further improving nerve regeneration. 28578969 11 27 theme experimental 1414:1425 arg1 basis 1427:1431 a useful experimental basis 1405:1431 a useful experimental basis to design 1405:1441 The study may provide a useful experimental basis to design and develop artificial implants for peripheral nerve regeneration and other tissue regeneration. 28578969 11 28 theme artificial 1455:1464 arg1 implants 1466:1473 artificial implants 1455:1473 artificial implants for peripheral nerve regeneration and other tissue regeneration 1455:1537 The study may provide a useful experimental basis to design and develop artificial implants for peripheral nerve regeneration and other tissue regeneration. 28578969 1 29 theme chitosan 113:120 arg1 scaffolds 122:130 Artificial chitosan scaffolds 102:130 Artificial chitosan scaffolds 102:130 Artificial chitosan scaffolds have been widely investigated for peripheral nerve regeneration. 28578969 0 30 theme loaded 20:25 arg1 heparin/chitosan 27:42 Nerve growth factor loaded heparin/chitosan 0:42 Nerve growth factor loaded heparin/chitosan 0:42 Nerve growth factor loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds for accelerating peripheral nerve regeneration. 28578969 9 31 dep loaded 1134:1139 arg1 heparin/chitosan 1141:1156 heparin/chitosan 1141:1156 heparin/chitosan 1141:1156 The NGF loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds could obviously improve the attachment and proliferation of Schwann cells in vitro. 28578969 9 31 dep loaded 1134:1139 arg1 NGF 1130:1132 The NGF 1126:1132 The NGF loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds 1126:1166 The NGF loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds could obviously improve the attachment and proliferation of Schwann cells in vitro. 28578969 9 31 dep loaded 1134:1139 arg1 scaffolds 1158:1166 scaffolds 1158:1166 scaffolds 1158:1166 The NGF loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds could obviously improve the attachment and proliferation of Schwann cells in vitro. 28578969 6 32 theme scaffolds 748:756 arg1 effect 710:715 The effect 706:715 The effect of NGF loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds on nerve regeneration 706:778 The effect of NGF loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds on nerve regeneration was evaluated by Schwann cells culture for different periods. 28578969 0 33 theme factor 13:18 arg1 heparin/chitosan 27:42 Nerve growth factor loaded heparin/chitosan 0:42 Nerve growth factor loaded heparin/chitosan 0:42 Nerve growth factor loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds for accelerating peripheral nerve regeneration. 28578969 6 34 theme heparin/chitosan 731:746 arg1 scaffolds 748:756 NGF loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds 720:756 NGF loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds 720:756 The effect of NGF loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds on nerve regeneration was evaluated by Schwann cells culture for different periods. 28578969 11 35 theme peripheral 1479:1488 arg1 regeneration 1496:1507 peripheral nerve regeneration 1479:1507 peripheral nerve regeneration 1479:1507 The study may provide a useful experimental basis to design and develop artificial implants for peripheral nerve regeneration and other tissue regeneration. 28578969 10 36 theme morphology 1342:1351 arg1 development 1353:1363 the morphology development 1338:1363 the morphology development of Schwann cells 1338:1380 More importantly, the NGF loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds could effectively promote the morphology development of Schwann cells. 28578969 10 37 theme cells 1376:1380 arg1 development 1353:1363 the morphology development 1338:1363 the morphology development of Schwann cells 1338:1380 More importantly, the NGF loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds could effectively promote the morphology development of Schwann cells. 28578969 2 38 theme autologous 244:253 arg1 grafts 255:260 autologous grafts 244:260 autologous grafts 244:260 However, the effect was not as good as that of autologous grafts and therefore could not meet the clinical requirement. 28578969 6 39 theme loaded 724:729 arg1 scaffolds 748:756 NGF loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds 720:756 NGF loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds 720:756 The effect of NGF loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds on nerve regeneration was evaluated by Schwann cells culture for different periods. 28578969 11 40 theme nerve 1490:1494 arg1 regeneration 1496:1507 peripheral nerve regeneration 1479:1507 peripheral nerve regeneration 1479:1507 The study may provide a useful experimental basis to design and develop artificial implants for peripheral nerve regeneration and other tissue regeneration. 28578969 9 41 theme Schwann 1228:1234 arg1 cells 1236:1240 Schwann cells 1228:1240 Schwann cells 1228:1240 The NGF loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds could obviously improve the attachment and proliferation of Schwann cells in vitro. 28578969 3 42 theme nerve 471:475 arg1 regeneration 477:488 nerve regeneration 471:488 nerve regeneration 471:488 In the present study, the nerve growth factor (NGF) loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds were fabricated via electrostatic interaction for further improving nerve regeneration. 28578969 6 43 from effect 710:715 arg1 regeneration 767:778 nerve regeneration 761:778 nerve regeneration 761:778 The effect of NGF loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds on nerve regeneration was evaluated by Schwann cells culture for different periods. 28578969 11 44 theme tissue 1519:1524 arg1 regeneration 1526:1537 other tissue regeneration 1513:1537 other tissue regeneration 1513:1537 The study may provide a useful experimental basis to design and develop artificial implants for peripheral nerve regeneration and other tissue regeneration. 28578969 5 45 theme heparin 591:597 arg1 immobilization 599:612 heparin immobilization 591:612 heparin immobilization 591:612 The heparin immobilization, NGF loading and release were quantitatively and qualitatively characterized, respectively. 28578969 6 46 theme different 823:831 arg1 periods 833:839 different periods 823:839 different periods 823:839 The effect of NGF loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds on nerve regeneration was evaluated by Schwann cells culture for different periods. 28578969 8 47 theme chitosan 1051:1058 arg1 scaffolds 1060:1068 chitosan scaffolds 1051:1068 chitosan scaffolds 1051:1068 The pre-immobilization of heparin in chitosan scaffolds could enhance the stability of subsequently loaded NGF. 28578969 9 48 dep attachment 1196:1205 arg1 the 1192:1194 the 1192:1194 the 1192:1194 The NGF loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds could obviously improve the attachment and proliferation of Schwann cells in vitro. 28578969 10 49 theme heparin/chitosan 1285:1300 arg1 scaffolds 1302:1310 heparin/chitosan scaffolds 1285:1310 heparin/chitosan scaffolds 1285:1310 More importantly, the NGF loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds could effectively promote the morphology development of Schwann cells. 28578969 1 50 theme nerve 177:181 arg1 regeneration 183:194 peripheral nerve regeneration 166:194 peripheral nerve regeneration 166:194 Artificial chitosan scaffolds have been widely investigated for peripheral nerve regeneration. 28578969 6 51 dep culture 811:817 arg1 periods 833:839 different periods 823:839 different periods 823:839 The effect of NGF loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds on nerve regeneration was evaluated by Schwann cells culture for different periods. 28578969 0 52 theme nerve 82:86 arg1 regeneration 88:99 peripheral nerve regeneration 71:99 peripheral nerve regeneration 71:99 Nerve growth factor loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds for accelerating peripheral nerve regeneration. 28578969 8 53 from pre-immobilization 1018:1035 arg1 scaffolds 1060:1068 chitosan scaffolds 1051:1068 chitosan scaffolds 1051:1068 The pre-immobilization of heparin in chitosan scaffolds could enhance the stability of subsequently loaded NGF. 28578969 1 54 theme peripheral 166:175 arg1 regeneration 183:194 peripheral nerve regeneration 166:194 peripheral nerve regeneration 166:194 Artificial chitosan scaffolds have been widely investigated for peripheral nerve regeneration. 28578969 0 55 theme peripheral 71:80 arg1 regeneration 88:99 peripheral nerve regeneration 71:99 peripheral nerve regeneration 71:99 Nerve growth factor loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds for accelerating peripheral nerve regeneration. 28578969 6 56 theme Schwann 797:803 arg1 cells 805:809 Schwann cells 797:809 Schwann cells 797:809 The effect of NGF loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds on nerve regeneration was evaluated by Schwann cells culture for different periods. 28578969 3 57 theme loaded 369:374 arg1 scaffolds 393:401 the nerve growth factor (NGF) loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds 339:401 the nerve growth factor (NGF) loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds 339:401 In the present study, the nerve growth factor (NGF) loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds were fabricated via electrostatic interaction for further improving nerve regeneration. 24444456 1 0 from solution 380:387 arg1 removal 293:299 the removal 289:299 the removal of toxic heavy metals, such as cadmium, copper, lead and arsenic, from aqueous solution 289:387 The composites of mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide and/or commercial synthetic zeolite were investigated for use in the removal of toxic heavy metals, such as cadmium, copper, lead and arsenic, from aqueous solution. 24444456 8 1 theme metal 1762:1766 arg1 treatment 1768:1776 heavy metal treatment 1756:1776 heavy metal treatment 1756:1776 These results suggest that the granular form of meso iron oxyhydroxide is a more useful and safer adsorbent for heavy metal treatment than the powdered form. 24444456 7 2 theme iron 1576:1579 arg1 oxyhydroxide 1581:1592 mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide 1561:1592 mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide 1561:1592 We also performed a comparative toxicity study that indicated that much lower concentrations of the powdered form of mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide had stronger cytotoxicity than the granular form. 24444456 6 3 theme meso-iron-oxyhydroxide 1316:1337 arg1 powder 1339:1344 meso-iron-oxyhydroxide powder 1316:1344 meso-iron-oxyhydroxide powder 1316:1344 The characteristics of meso-iron-oxyhydroxide powder were confirmed by X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller and transmission electron microscopy. 24444456 2 4 theme meso-iron-oxyhydroxide 490:511 arg1 MIOIBs 532:537 MIOIBs 532:537 MIOIBs 532:537 Four types of adsorbents, dried alginate beads (DABs), synthetic-zeolite impregnated beads (SZIBs), meso-iron-oxyhydroxide impregnated beads (MIOIBs) and synthetic-zeolite/meso-iron-oxyhydroxide composite beads (SZMIOIBs), were prepared for heavy metal adsorption tests. 24444456 2 4 theme meso-iron-oxyhydroxide 490:511 arg1 beads 525:529 meso-iron-oxyhydroxide impregnated beads 490:529 meso-iron-oxyhydroxide impregnated beads (MIOIBs) 490:538 Four types of adsorbents, dried alginate beads (DABs), synthetic-zeolite impregnated beads (SZIBs), meso-iron-oxyhydroxide impregnated beads (MIOIBs) and synthetic-zeolite/meso-iron-oxyhydroxide composite beads (SZMIOIBs), were prepared for heavy metal adsorption tests. 24444456 0 5 theme toxicity 163:170 arg1 treatment 115:123 the treatment 111:123 the treatment of various toxic heavy metals and its toxicity 111:170 Modified composites based on mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide and synthetic minerals: a potential material for the treatment of various toxic heavy metals and its toxicity. 24444456 2 6 theme metal 637:641 arg1 tests 654:658 heavy metal adsorption tests 631:658 heavy metal adsorption tests 631:658 Four types of adsorbents, dried alginate beads (DABs), synthetic-zeolite impregnated beads (SZIBs), meso-iron-oxyhydroxide impregnated beads (MIOIBs) and synthetic-zeolite/meso-iron-oxyhydroxide composite beads (SZMIOIBs), were prepared for heavy metal adsorption tests. 24444456 7 7 theme toxicity 1476:1483 arg1 study 1485:1489 a comparative toxicity study 1462:1489 a comparative toxicity study that indicated that much lower concentrations of the powdered form of mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide had stronger cytotoxicity than the granular form 1462:1641 We also performed a comparative toxicity study that indicated that much lower concentrations of the powdered form of mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide had stronger cytotoxicity than the granular form. 24444456 4 8 theme heavy 912:916 arg1 metals 918:923 heavy metals 912:923 heavy metals 912:923 Among these adsorbents, the MIOIBs can simultaneously remove cations and anions of heavy metals; they have high adsorption capacities for lead (60.1mgg(-1)) and arsenic (71.9mgg(-1)) compared with other adsorbents, such as DABs (158.1 and 0.0mgg(-1)), SZIB (42.9 and 0.0mgg(-1)) and SZMIOIB (54.0 and 5.9mgg(-1)) for lead and arsenic, respectively. 24444456 2 9 theme composite 585:593 arg1 beads 595:599 synthetic-zeolite/meso-iron-oxyhydroxide composite beads 544:599 synthetic-zeolite/meso-iron-oxyhydroxide composite beads (SZMIOIBs) 544:610 Four types of adsorbents, dried alginate beads (DABs), synthetic-zeolite impregnated beads (SZIBs), meso-iron-oxyhydroxide impregnated beads (MIOIBs) and synthetic-zeolite/meso-iron-oxyhydroxide composite beads (SZMIOIBs), were prepared for heavy metal adsorption tests. 24444456 2 9 theme composite 585:593 arg1 SZMIOIBs 602:609 SZMIOIBs 602:609 SZMIOIBs 602:609 Four types of adsorbents, dried alginate beads (DABs), synthetic-zeolite impregnated beads (SZIBs), meso-iron-oxyhydroxide impregnated beads (MIOIBs) and synthetic-zeolite/meso-iron-oxyhydroxide composite beads (SZMIOIBs), were prepared for heavy metal adsorption tests. 24444456 2 10 theme heavy 631:635 arg1 tests 654:658 heavy metal adsorption tests 631:658 heavy metal adsorption tests 631:658 Four types of adsorbents, dried alginate beads (DABs), synthetic-zeolite impregnated beads (SZIBs), meso-iron-oxyhydroxide impregnated beads (MIOIBs) and synthetic-zeolite/meso-iron-oxyhydroxide composite beads (SZMIOIBs), were prepared for heavy metal adsorption tests. 24444456 8 11 theme iron 1697:1700 arg1 oxyhydroxide 1702:1713 meso iron oxyhydroxide 1692:1713 meso iron oxyhydroxide 1692:1713 These results suggest that the granular form of meso iron oxyhydroxide is a more useful and safer adsorbent for heavy metal treatment than the powdered form. 24444456 8 12 theme heavy 1756:1760 arg1 treatment 1768:1776 heavy metal treatment 1756:1776 heavy metal treatment 1756:1776 These results suggest that the granular form of meso iron oxyhydroxide is a more useful and safer adsorbent for heavy metal treatment than the powdered form. 24444456 0 13 theme potential 88:96 arg1 material 98:105 a potential material 86:105 a potential material for the treatment of various toxic heavy metals and its toxicity 86:170 Modified composites based on mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide and synthetic minerals: a potential material for the treatment of various toxic heavy metals and its toxicity. 24444456 3 14 theme removal 718:724 arg1 efficiencies 726:737 the removal efficiencies 714:737 the removal efficiencies of cations and anions of heavy metals and the possibility of regenerating the adsorbents 714:826 Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the removal efficiencies of cations and anions of heavy metals and the possibility of regenerating the adsorbents. 24444456 2 15 theme synthetic-zeolite/meso-iron-oxyhydroxide 544:583 arg1 beads 595:599 synthetic-zeolite/meso-iron-oxyhydroxide composite beads 544:599 synthetic-zeolite/meso-iron-oxyhydroxide composite beads (SZMIOIBs) 544:610 Four types of adsorbents, dried alginate beads (DABs), synthetic-zeolite impregnated beads (SZIBs), meso-iron-oxyhydroxide impregnated beads (MIOIBs) and synthetic-zeolite/meso-iron-oxyhydroxide composite beads (SZMIOIBs), were prepared for heavy metal adsorption tests. 24444456 2 15 theme synthetic-zeolite/meso-iron-oxyhydroxide 544:583 arg1 SZMIOIBs 602:609 SZMIOIBs 602:609 SZMIOIBs 602:609 Four types of adsorbents, dried alginate beads (DABs), synthetic-zeolite impregnated beads (SZIBs), meso-iron-oxyhydroxide impregnated beads (MIOIBs) and synthetic-zeolite/meso-iron-oxyhydroxide composite beads (SZMIOIBs), were prepared for heavy metal adsorption tests. 24444456 7 16 theme form 1553:1556 arg1 concentrations 1522:1535 much lower concentrations 1511:1535 much lower concentrations of the powdered form of mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide 1511:1592 We also performed a comparative toxicity study that indicated that much lower concentrations of the powdered form of mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide had stronger cytotoxicity than the granular form. 24444456 7 17 theme stronger 1598:1605 arg1 cytotoxicity 1607:1618 stronger cytotoxicity 1598:1618 stronger cytotoxicity 1598:1618 We also performed a comparative toxicity study that indicated that much lower concentrations of the powdered form of mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide had stronger cytotoxicity than the granular form. 24444456 5 18 from % 1249:1249 arg1 consistent 1219:1228 consistent 1219:1228 consistent 1219:1228 Additionally, the removal efficiency was consistent at approximately 90%, notwithstanding repetitive regeneration. 24444456 5 18 from % 1249:1249 arg1 efficiency 1204:1213 the removal efficiency 1192:1213 the removal efficiency 1192:1213 Additionally, the removal efficiency was consistent at approximately 90%, notwithstanding repetitive regeneration. 24444456 3 19 theme metals 770:775 arg1 anions 754:759 anions 754:759 anions 754:759 Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the removal efficiencies of cations and anions of heavy metals and the possibility of regenerating the adsorbents. 24444456 3 19 theme metals 770:775 arg1 cations 742:748 cations 742:748 cations 742:748 Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the removal efficiencies of cations and anions of heavy metals and the possibility of regenerating the adsorbents. 24444456 8 20 theme powdered 1787:1794 arg1 form 1796:1799 the powdered form 1783:1799 the powdered form 1783:1799 These results suggest that the granular form of meso iron oxyhydroxide is a more useful and safer adsorbent for heavy metal treatment than the powdered form. 24444456 0 21 dep material 98:105 arg1 composites 9:18 Modified composites 0:18 Modified composites based on mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide and synthetic minerals 0:83 Modified composites based on mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide and synthetic minerals: a potential material for the treatment of various toxic heavy metals and its toxicity. 24444456 8 22 dep adsorbent 1742:1750 arg1 safer 1736:1740 safer 1736:1740 safer 1736:1740 These results suggest that the granular form of meso iron oxyhydroxide is a more useful and safer adsorbent for heavy metal treatment than the powdered form. 24444456 2 23 theme beads 475:479 arg1 types 395:399 Four types 390:399 Four types 390:399 Four types of adsorbents, dried alginate beads (DABs), synthetic-zeolite impregnated beads (SZIBs), meso-iron-oxyhydroxide impregnated beads (MIOIBs) and synthetic-zeolite/meso-iron-oxyhydroxide composite beads (SZMIOIBs), were prepared for heavy metal adsorption tests. 24444456 6 24 theme electron 1423:1430 arg1 microscopy 1432:1441 transmission electron microscopy 1410:1441 transmission electron microscopy 1410:1441 The characteristics of meso-iron-oxyhydroxide powder were confirmed by X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller and transmission electron microscopy. 24444456 2 25 theme dried 416:420 arg1 beads 431:435 dried alginate beads 416:435 dried alginate beads (DABs) 416:442 Four types of adsorbents, dried alginate beads (DABs), synthetic-zeolite impregnated beads (SZIBs), meso-iron-oxyhydroxide impregnated beads (MIOIBs) and synthetic-zeolite/meso-iron-oxyhydroxide composite beads (SZMIOIBs), were prepared for heavy metal adsorption tests. 24444456 2 25 theme dried 416:420 arg1 DABs 438:441 DABs 438:441 DABs 438:441 Four types of adsorbents, dried alginate beads (DABs), synthetic-zeolite impregnated beads (SZIBs), meso-iron-oxyhydroxide impregnated beads (MIOIBs) and synthetic-zeolite/meso-iron-oxyhydroxide composite beads (SZMIOIBs), were prepared for heavy metal adsorption tests. 24444456 7 26 theme granular 1629:1636 arg1 form 1638:1641 the granular form 1625:1641 the granular form 1625:1641 We also performed a comparative toxicity study that indicated that much lower concentrations of the powdered form of mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide had stronger cytotoxicity than the granular form. 24444456 8 27 theme meso 1692:1695 arg1 oxyhydroxide 1702:1713 meso iron oxyhydroxide 1692:1713 meso iron oxyhydroxide 1692:1713 These results suggest that the granular form of meso iron oxyhydroxide is a more useful and safer adsorbent for heavy metal treatment than the powdered form. 24444456 4 28 theme high 936:939 arg1 capacities 952:961 high adsorption capacities 936:961 high adsorption capacities for lead (60.1mgg(-1)) and arsenic (71.9mgg(-1)) 936:1010 Among these adsorbents, the MIOIBs can simultaneously remove cations and anions of heavy metals; they have high adsorption capacities for lead (60.1mgg(-1)) and arsenic (71.9mgg(-1)) compared with other adsorbents, such as DABs (158.1 and 0.0mgg(-1)), SZIB (42.9 and 0.0mgg(-1)) and SZMIOIB (54.0 and 5.9mgg(-1)) for lead and arsenic, respectively. 24444456 6 29 theme transmission 1410:1421 arg1 microscopy 1432:1441 transmission electron microscopy 1410:1441 transmission electron microscopy 1410:1441 The characteristics of meso-iron-oxyhydroxide powder were confirmed by X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller and transmission electron microscopy. 24444456 0 30 theme Modified 0:7 arg1 composites 9:18 Modified composites 0:18 Modified composites based on mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide and synthetic minerals 0:83 Modified composites based on mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide and synthetic minerals: a potential material for the treatment of various toxic heavy metals and its toxicity. 24444456 9 31 theme heavy 1901:1905 arg1 metals 1907:1912 various heavy metals 1893:1912 various heavy metals from wastewater and sewage 1893:1939 This research provides promising results for the application of MIOIBs as an adsorbent for various heavy metals from wastewater and sewage. 24444456 7 32 theme mesostructured 1561:1574 arg1 oxyhydroxide 1581:1592 mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide 1561:1592 mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide 1561:1592 We also performed a comparative toxicity study that indicated that much lower concentrations of the powdered form of mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide had stronger cytotoxicity than the granular form. 24444456 2 33 theme beads 595:599 arg1 types 395:399 Four types 390:399 Four types 390:399 Four types of adsorbents, dried alginate beads (DABs), synthetic-zeolite impregnated beads (SZIBs), meso-iron-oxyhydroxide impregnated beads (MIOIBs) and synthetic-zeolite/meso-iron-oxyhydroxide composite beads (SZMIOIBs), were prepared for heavy metal adsorption tests. 24444456 2 34 theme adsorbents 404:413 arg1 types 395:399 Four types 390:399 Four types 390:399 Four types of adsorbents, dried alginate beads (DABs), synthetic-zeolite impregnated beads (SZIBs), meso-iron-oxyhydroxide impregnated beads (MIOIBs) and synthetic-zeolite/meso-iron-oxyhydroxide composite beads (SZMIOIBs), were prepared for heavy metal adsorption tests. 24444456 3 35 theme anions 754:759 arg1 efficiencies 726:737 the removal efficiencies 714:737 the removal efficiencies of cations and anions of heavy metals and the possibility of regenerating the adsorbents 714:826 Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the removal efficiencies of cations and anions of heavy metals and the possibility of regenerating the adsorbents. 24444456 2 36 theme beads 525:529 arg1 types 395:399 Four types 390:399 Four types 390:399 Four types of adsorbents, dried alginate beads (DABs), synthetic-zeolite impregnated beads (SZIBs), meso-iron-oxyhydroxide impregnated beads (MIOIBs) and synthetic-zeolite/meso-iron-oxyhydroxide composite beads (SZMIOIBs), were prepared for heavy metal adsorption tests. 24444456 2 37 theme adsorption 643:652 arg1 tests 654:658 heavy metal adsorption tests 631:658 heavy metal adsorption tests 631:658 Four types of adsorbents, dried alginate beads (DABs), synthetic-zeolite impregnated beads (SZIBs), meso-iron-oxyhydroxide impregnated beads (MIOIBs) and synthetic-zeolite/meso-iron-oxyhydroxide composite beads (SZMIOIBs), were prepared for heavy metal adsorption tests. 24444456 5 38 theme repetitive 1268:1277 arg1 regeneration 1279:1290 repetitive regeneration 1268:1290 repetitive regeneration 1268:1290 Additionally, the removal efficiency was consistent at approximately 90%, notwithstanding repetitive regeneration. 24444456 7 39 theme powdered 1544:1551 arg1 form 1553:1556 the powdered form 1540:1556 the powdered form of mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide 1540:1592 We also performed a comparative toxicity study that indicated that much lower concentrations of the powdered form of mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide had stronger cytotoxicity than the granular form. 24444456 2 40 theme impregnated 513:523 arg1 MIOIBs 532:537 MIOIBs 532:537 MIOIBs 532:537 Four types of adsorbents, dried alginate beads (DABs), synthetic-zeolite impregnated beads (SZIBs), meso-iron-oxyhydroxide impregnated beads (MIOIBs) and synthetic-zeolite/meso-iron-oxyhydroxide composite beads (SZMIOIBs), were prepared for heavy metal adsorption tests. 24444456 2 40 theme impregnated 513:523 arg1 beads 525:529 meso-iron-oxyhydroxide impregnated beads 490:529 meso-iron-oxyhydroxide impregnated beads (MIOIBs) 490:538 Four types of adsorbents, dried alginate beads (DABs), synthetic-zeolite impregnated beads (SZIBs), meso-iron-oxyhydroxide impregnated beads (MIOIBs) and synthetic-zeolite/meso-iron-oxyhydroxide composite beads (SZMIOIBs), were prepared for heavy metal adsorption tests. 24444456 4 41 dep SZIB 1081:1084 arg1 -1 1103:1104 -1 1103:1104 -1 1103:1104 Among these adsorbents, the MIOIBs can simultaneously remove cations and anions of heavy metals; they have high adsorption capacities for lead (60.1mgg(-1)) and arsenic (71.9mgg(-1)) compared with other adsorbents, such as DABs (158.1 and 0.0mgg(-1)), SZIB (42.9 and 0.0mgg(-1)) and SZMIOIB (54.0 and 5.9mgg(-1)) for lead and arsenic, respectively. 24444456 4 41 dep SZIB 1081:1084 arg1 0.0mgg 1096:1101 0.0mgg 1096:1101 0.0mgg(-1) 1096:1105 Among these adsorbents, the MIOIBs can simultaneously remove cations and anions of heavy metals; they have high adsorption capacities for lead (60.1mgg(-1)) and arsenic (71.9mgg(-1)) compared with other adsorbents, such as DABs (158.1 and 0.0mgg(-1)), SZIB (42.9 and 0.0mgg(-1)) and SZMIOIB (54.0 and 5.9mgg(-1)) for lead and arsenic, respectively. 24444456 4 41 dep SZIB 1081:1084 arg1 42.9 1087:1090 42.9 1087:1090 42.9 1087:1090 Among these adsorbents, the MIOIBs can simultaneously remove cations and anions of heavy metals; they have high adsorption capacities for lead (60.1mgg(-1)) and arsenic (71.9mgg(-1)) compared with other adsorbents, such as DABs (158.1 and 0.0mgg(-1)), SZIB (42.9 and 0.0mgg(-1)) and SZMIOIB (54.0 and 5.9mgg(-1)) for lead and arsenic, respectively. 24444456 1 42 theme mesostructured 191:204 arg1 oxyhydroxide 211:222 mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide 191:222 mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide 191:222 The composites of mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide and/or commercial synthetic zeolite were investigated for use in the removal of toxic heavy metals, such as cadmium, copper, lead and arsenic, from aqueous solution. 24444456 0 43 theme iron 44:47 arg1 oxyhydroxide 49:60 mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide 29:60 mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide 29:60 Modified composites based on mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide and synthetic minerals: a potential material for the treatment of various toxic heavy metals and its toxicity. 24444456 3 44 theme cations 742:748 arg1 efficiencies 726:737 the removal efficiencies 714:737 the removal efficiencies of cations and anions of heavy metals and the possibility of regenerating the adsorbents 714:826 Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the removal efficiencies of cations and anions of heavy metals and the possibility of regenerating the adsorbents. 24444456 0 45 theme toxic 136:140 arg1 metals 148:153 various toxic heavy metals 128:153 various toxic heavy metals 128:153 Modified composites based on mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide and synthetic minerals: a potential material for the treatment of various toxic heavy metals and its toxicity. 24444456 1 46 theme iron 206:209 arg1 oxyhydroxide 211:222 mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide 191:222 mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide 191:222 The composites of mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide and/or commercial synthetic zeolite were investigated for use in the removal of toxic heavy metals, such as cadmium, copper, lead and arsenic, from aqueous solution. 24444456 0 47 theme mesostructured 29:42 arg1 oxyhydroxide 49:60 mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide 29:60 mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide 29:60 Modified composites based on mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide and synthetic minerals: a potential material for the treatment of various toxic heavy metals and its toxicity. 24444456 1 48 theme toxic 304:308 arg1 cadmium 332:338 cadmium 332:338 cadmium 332:338 The composites of mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide and/or commercial synthetic zeolite were investigated for use in the removal of toxic heavy metals, such as cadmium, copper, lead and arsenic, from aqueous solution. 24444456 1 48 theme toxic 304:308 arg1 lead 349:352 lead 349:352 lead 349:352 The composites of mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide and/or commercial synthetic zeolite were investigated for use in the removal of toxic heavy metals, such as cadmium, copper, lead and arsenic, from aqueous solution. 24444456 1 48 theme toxic 304:308 arg1 arsenic 358:364 arsenic 358:364 arsenic 358:364 The composites of mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide and/or commercial synthetic zeolite were investigated for use in the removal of toxic heavy metals, such as cadmium, copper, lead and arsenic, from aqueous solution. 24444456 1 48 theme toxic 304:308 arg1 metals 316:321 toxic heavy metals 304:321 toxic heavy metals 304:321 The composites of mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide and/or commercial synthetic zeolite were investigated for use in the removal of toxic heavy metals, such as cadmium, copper, lead and arsenic, from aqueous solution. 24444456 1 48 theme toxic 304:308 arg1 copper 341:346 copper 341:346 copper 341:346 The composites of mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide and/or commercial synthetic zeolite were investigated for use in the removal of toxic heavy metals, such as cadmium, copper, lead and arsenic, from aqueous solution. 24444456 0 49 theme various 128:134 arg1 metals 148:153 various toxic heavy metals 128:153 various toxic heavy metals 128:153 Modified composites based on mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide and synthetic minerals: a potential material for the treatment of various toxic heavy metals and its toxicity. 24444456 7 50 theme comparative 1464:1474 arg1 study 1485:1489 a comparative toxicity study 1462:1489 a comparative toxicity study that indicated that much lower concentrations of the powdered form of mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide had stronger cytotoxicity than the granular form 1462:1641 We also performed a comparative toxicity study that indicated that much lower concentrations of the powdered form of mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide had stronger cytotoxicity than the granular form. 24444456 4 51 dep DABs 1052:1055 arg1 158.1 1058:1062 158.1 1058:1062 158.1 1058:1062 Among these adsorbents, the MIOIBs can simultaneously remove cations and anions of heavy metals; they have high adsorption capacities for lead (60.1mgg(-1)) and arsenic (71.9mgg(-1)) compared with other adsorbents, such as DABs (158.1 and 0.0mgg(-1)), SZIB (42.9 and 0.0mgg(-1)) and SZMIOIB (54.0 and 5.9mgg(-1)) for lead and arsenic, respectively. 24444456 4 51 dep DABs 1052:1055 arg1 -1 1075:1076 -1 1075:1076 -1 1075:1076 Among these adsorbents, the MIOIBs can simultaneously remove cations and anions of heavy metals; they have high adsorption capacities for lead (60.1mgg(-1)) and arsenic (71.9mgg(-1)) compared with other adsorbents, such as DABs (158.1 and 0.0mgg(-1)), SZIB (42.9 and 0.0mgg(-1)) and SZMIOIB (54.0 and 5.9mgg(-1)) for lead and arsenic, respectively. 24444456 4 51 dep DABs 1052:1055 arg1 0.0mgg 1068:1073 0.0mgg 1068:1073 0.0mgg(-1) 1068:1077 Among these adsorbents, the MIOIBs can simultaneously remove cations and anions of heavy metals; they have high adsorption capacities for lead (60.1mgg(-1)) and arsenic (71.9mgg(-1)) compared with other adsorbents, such as DABs (158.1 and 0.0mgg(-1)), SZIB (42.9 and 0.0mgg(-1)) and SZMIOIB (54.0 and 5.9mgg(-1)) for lead and arsenic, respectively. 24444456 1 52 theme oxyhydroxide 211:222 arg1 composites 177:186 The composites 173:186 The composites of mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide and/or commercial synthetic zeolite 173:258 The composites of mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide and/or commercial synthetic zeolite were investigated for use in the removal of toxic heavy metals, such as cadmium, copper, lead and arsenic, from aqueous solution. 24444456 1 52 theme oxyhydroxide 211:222 arg1 zeolite 252:258 zeolite 252:258 zeolite 252:258 The composites of mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide and/or commercial synthetic zeolite were investigated for use in the removal of toxic heavy metals, such as cadmium, copper, lead and arsenic, from aqueous solution. 24444456 1 52 theme oxyhydroxide 211:222 arg1 oxyhydroxide 211:222 mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide 191:222 mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide 191:222 The composites of mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide and/or commercial synthetic zeolite were investigated for use in the removal of toxic heavy metals, such as cadmium, copper, lead and arsenic, from aqueous solution. 24444456 2 53 theme beads 431:435 arg1 types 395:399 Four types 390:399 Four types 390:399 Four types of adsorbents, dried alginate beads (DABs), synthetic-zeolite impregnated beads (SZIBs), meso-iron-oxyhydroxide impregnated beads (MIOIBs) and synthetic-zeolite/meso-iron-oxyhydroxide composite beads (SZMIOIBs), were prepared for heavy metal adsorption tests. 24444456 1 54 theme heavy 310:314 arg1 cadmium 332:338 cadmium 332:338 cadmium 332:338 The composites of mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide and/or commercial synthetic zeolite were investigated for use in the removal of toxic heavy metals, such as cadmium, copper, lead and arsenic, from aqueous solution. 24444456 1 54 theme heavy 310:314 arg1 lead 349:352 lead 349:352 lead 349:352 The composites of mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide and/or commercial synthetic zeolite were investigated for use in the removal of toxic heavy metals, such as cadmium, copper, lead and arsenic, from aqueous solution. 24444456 1 54 theme heavy 310:314 arg1 arsenic 358:364 arsenic 358:364 arsenic 358:364 The composites of mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide and/or commercial synthetic zeolite were investigated for use in the removal of toxic heavy metals, such as cadmium, copper, lead and arsenic, from aqueous solution. 24444456 1 54 theme heavy 310:314 arg1 metals 316:321 toxic heavy metals 304:321 toxic heavy metals 304:321 The composites of mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide and/or commercial synthetic zeolite were investigated for use in the removal of toxic heavy metals, such as cadmium, copper, lead and arsenic, from aqueous solution. 24444456 1 54 theme heavy 310:314 arg1 copper 341:346 copper 341:346 copper 341:346 The composites of mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide and/or commercial synthetic zeolite were investigated for use in the removal of toxic heavy metals, such as cadmium, copper, lead and arsenic, from aqueous solution. 24444456 0 55 theme metals 148:153 arg1 treatment 115:123 the treatment 111:123 the treatment of various toxic heavy metals and its toxicity 111:170 Modified composites based on mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide and synthetic minerals: a potential material for the treatment of various toxic heavy metals and its toxicity. 24444456 1 56 theme aqueous 372:378 arg1 solution 380:387 aqueous solution 372:387 aqueous solution 372:387 The composites of mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide and/or commercial synthetic zeolite were investigated for use in the removal of toxic heavy metals, such as cadmium, copper, lead and arsenic, from aqueous solution. 24444456 9 57 theme MIOIBs 1866:1871 arg1 application 1851:1861 the application 1847:1861 the application of MIOIBs as an adsorbent for various heavy metals from wastewater and sewage 1847:1939 This research provides promising results for the application of MIOIBs as an adsorbent for various heavy metals from wastewater and sewage. 24444456 9 58 from wastewater 1919:1928 arg1 metals 1907:1912 various heavy metals 1893:1912 various heavy metals from wastewater and sewage 1893:1939 This research provides promising results for the application of MIOIBs as an adsorbent for various heavy metals from wastewater and sewage. 24444456 2 59 theme alginate 422:429 arg1 beads 431:435 dried alginate beads 416:435 dried alginate beads (DABs) 416:442 Four types of adsorbents, dried alginate beads (DABs), synthetic-zeolite impregnated beads (SZIBs), meso-iron-oxyhydroxide impregnated beads (MIOIBs) and synthetic-zeolite/meso-iron-oxyhydroxide composite beads (SZMIOIBs), were prepared for heavy metal adsorption tests. 24444456 2 59 theme alginate 422:429 arg1 DABs 438:441 DABs 438:441 DABs 438:441 Four types of adsorbents, dried alginate beads (DABs), synthetic-zeolite impregnated beads (SZIBs), meso-iron-oxyhydroxide impregnated beads (MIOIBs) and synthetic-zeolite/meso-iron-oxyhydroxide composite beads (SZMIOIBs), were prepared for heavy metal adsorption tests. 24444456 1 60 theme metals 316:321 arg1 removal 293:299 the removal 289:299 the removal of toxic heavy metals, such as cadmium, copper, lead and arsenic, from aqueous solution 289:387 The composites of mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide and/or commercial synthetic zeolite were investigated for use in the removal of toxic heavy metals, such as cadmium, copper, lead and arsenic, from aqueous solution. 24444456 0 61 theme heavy 142:146 arg1 metals 148:153 various toxic heavy metals 128:153 various toxic heavy metals 128:153 Modified composites based on mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide and synthetic minerals: a potential material for the treatment of various toxic heavy metals and its toxicity. 24444456 4 62 contain have 931:934 arg2 capacities 952:961 high adsorption capacities 936:961 high adsorption capacities for lead (60.1mgg(-1)) and arsenic (71.9mgg(-1)) 936:1010 Among these adsorbents, the MIOIBs can simultaneously remove cations and anions of heavy metals; they have high adsorption capacities for lead (60.1mgg(-1)) and arsenic (71.9mgg(-1)) compared with other adsorbents, such as DABs (158.1 and 0.0mgg(-1)), SZIB (42.9 and 0.0mgg(-1)) and SZMIOIB (54.0 and 5.9mgg(-1)) for lead and arsenic, respectively. 24444456 4 62 contain have 931:934 arg1 they 926:929 they 926:929 they 926:929 Among these adsorbents, the MIOIBs can simultaneously remove cations and anions of heavy metals; they have high adsorption capacities for lead (60.1mgg(-1)) and arsenic (71.9mgg(-1)) compared with other adsorbents, such as DABs (158.1 and 0.0mgg(-1)), SZIB (42.9 and 0.0mgg(-1)) and SZMIOIB (54.0 and 5.9mgg(-1)) for lead and arsenic, respectively. 24444456 6 63 theme X-ray 1364:1368 arg1 diffraction 1370:1380 X-ray diffraction 1364:1380 X-ray diffraction 1364:1380 The characteristics of meso-iron-oxyhydroxide powder were confirmed by X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller and transmission electron microscopy. 24444456 3 64 theme heavy 764:768 arg1 metals 770:775 heavy metals 764:775 heavy metals 764:775 Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the removal efficiencies of cations and anions of heavy metals and the possibility of regenerating the adsorbents. 24444456 3 65 theme Laboratory 661:670 arg1 experiments 672:682 Laboratory experiments 661:682 Laboratory experiments 661:682 Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the removal efficiencies of cations and anions of heavy metals and the possibility of regenerating the adsorbents. 24444456 8 66 theme granular 1675:1682 arg1 form 1684:1687 the granular form 1671:1687 the granular form of meso iron oxyhydroxide 1671:1713 These results suggest that the granular form of meso iron oxyhydroxide is a more useful and safer adsorbent for heavy metal treatment than the powdered form. 24444456 8 66 theme granular 1675:1682 arg1 useful 1725:1730 useful 1725:1730 useful 1725:1730 These results suggest that the granular form of meso iron oxyhydroxide is a more useful and safer adsorbent for heavy metal treatment than the powdered form. 24444456 9 67 from sewage 1934:1939 arg1 metals 1907:1912 various heavy metals 1893:1912 various heavy metals from wastewater and sewage 1893:1939 This research provides promising results for the application of MIOIBs as an adsorbent for various heavy metals from wastewater and sewage. 24444456 8 68 theme oxyhydroxide 1702:1713 arg1 form 1684:1687 the granular form 1671:1687 the granular form of meso iron oxyhydroxide 1671:1713 These results suggest that the granular form of meso iron oxyhydroxide is a more useful and safer adsorbent for heavy metal treatment than the powdered form. 24444456 8 68 theme oxyhydroxide 1702:1713 arg1 useful 1725:1730 useful 1725:1730 useful 1725:1730 These results suggest that the granular form of meso iron oxyhydroxide is a more useful and safer adsorbent for heavy metal treatment than the powdered form. 24444456 7 69 theme lower 1516:1520 arg1 concentrations 1522:1535 much lower concentrations 1511:1535 much lower concentrations of the powdered form of mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide 1511:1592 We also performed a comparative toxicity study that indicated that much lower concentrations of the powdered form of mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide had stronger cytotoxicity than the granular form. 24444456 2 70 theme synthetic-zeolite 445:461 arg1 SZIBs 482:486 SZIBs 482:486 SZIBs 482:486 Four types of adsorbents, dried alginate beads (DABs), synthetic-zeolite impregnated beads (SZIBs), meso-iron-oxyhydroxide impregnated beads (MIOIBs) and synthetic-zeolite/meso-iron-oxyhydroxide composite beads (SZMIOIBs), were prepared for heavy metal adsorption tests. 24444456 2 70 theme synthetic-zeolite 445:461 arg1 beads 475:479 synthetic-zeolite impregnated beads 445:479 synthetic-zeolite impregnated beads (SZIBs) 445:487 Four types of adsorbents, dried alginate beads (DABs), synthetic-zeolite impregnated beads (SZIBs), meso-iron-oxyhydroxide impregnated beads (MIOIBs) and synthetic-zeolite/meso-iron-oxyhydroxide composite beads (SZMIOIBs), were prepared for heavy metal adsorption tests. 24444456 9 71 theme promising 1825:1833 arg1 results 1835:1841 promising results 1825:1841 promising results 1825:1841 This research provides promising results for the application of MIOIBs as an adsorbent for various heavy metals from wastewater and sewage. 24444456 7 72 theme oxyhydroxide 1581:1592 arg1 form 1553:1556 the powdered form 1540:1556 the powdered form of mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide 1540:1592 We also performed a comparative toxicity study that indicated that much lower concentrations of the powdered form of mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide had stronger cytotoxicity than the granular form. 24444456 2 73 theme impregnated 463:473 arg1 SZIBs 482:486 SZIBs 482:486 SZIBs 482:486 Four types of adsorbents, dried alginate beads (DABs), synthetic-zeolite impregnated beads (SZIBs), meso-iron-oxyhydroxide impregnated beads (MIOIBs) and synthetic-zeolite/meso-iron-oxyhydroxide composite beads (SZMIOIBs), were prepared for heavy metal adsorption tests. 24444456 2 73 theme impregnated 463:473 arg1 beads 475:479 synthetic-zeolite impregnated beads 445:479 synthetic-zeolite impregnated beads (SZIBs) 445:487 Four types of adsorbents, dried alginate beads (DABs), synthetic-zeolite impregnated beads (SZIBs), meso-iron-oxyhydroxide impregnated beads (MIOIBs) and synthetic-zeolite/meso-iron-oxyhydroxide composite beads (SZMIOIBs), were prepared for heavy metal adsorption tests. 24444456 4 74 theme metals 918:923 arg1 anions 902:907 anions 902:907 anions 902:907 Among these adsorbents, the MIOIBs can simultaneously remove cations and anions of heavy metals; they have high adsorption capacities for lead (60.1mgg(-1)) and arsenic (71.9mgg(-1)) compared with other adsorbents, such as DABs (158.1 and 0.0mgg(-1)), SZIB (42.9 and 0.0mgg(-1)) and SZMIOIB (54.0 and 5.9mgg(-1)) for lead and arsenic, respectively. 24444456 4 74 theme metals 918:923 arg1 cations 890:896 cations 890:896 cations 890:896 Among these adsorbents, the MIOIBs can simultaneously remove cations and anions of heavy metals; they have high adsorption capacities for lead (60.1mgg(-1)) and arsenic (71.9mgg(-1)) compared with other adsorbents, such as DABs (158.1 and 0.0mgg(-1)), SZIB (42.9 and 0.0mgg(-1)) and SZMIOIB (54.0 and 5.9mgg(-1)) for lead and arsenic, respectively. 24444456 6 75 theme powder 1339:1344 arg1 characteristics 1297:1311 The characteristics 1293:1311 The characteristics of meso-iron-oxyhydroxide powder 1293:1344 The characteristics of meso-iron-oxyhydroxide powder were confirmed by X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller and transmission electron microscopy. 24444456 9 76 theme various 1893:1899 arg1 metals 1907:1912 various heavy metals 1893:1912 various heavy metals from wastewater and sewage 1893:1939 This research provides promising results for the application of MIOIBs as an adsorbent for various heavy metals from wastewater and sewage. 24444456 4 77 theme other 1026:1030 arg1 arsenic 1155:1161 arsenic 1155:1161 arsenic 1155:1161 Among these adsorbents, the MIOIBs can simultaneously remove cations and anions of heavy metals; they have high adsorption capacities for lead (60.1mgg(-1)) and arsenic (71.9mgg(-1)) compared with other adsorbents, such as DABs (158.1 and 0.0mgg(-1)), SZIB (42.9 and 0.0mgg(-1)) and SZMIOIB (54.0 and 5.9mgg(-1)) for lead and arsenic, respectively. 24444456 4 77 theme other 1026:1030 arg1 SZIB 1081:1084 SZIB 1081:1084 SZIB 1081:1084 Among these adsorbents, the MIOIBs can simultaneously remove cations and anions of heavy metals; they have high adsorption capacities for lead (60.1mgg(-1)) and arsenic (71.9mgg(-1)) compared with other adsorbents, such as DABs (158.1 and 0.0mgg(-1)), SZIB (42.9 and 0.0mgg(-1)) and SZMIOIB (54.0 and 5.9mgg(-1)) for lead and arsenic, respectively. 24444456 4 77 theme other 1026:1030 arg1 DABs 1052:1055 DABs 1052:1055 DABs (158.1 and 0.0mgg(-1)) 1052:1078 Among these adsorbents, the MIOIBs can simultaneously remove cations and anions of heavy metals; they have high adsorption capacities for lead (60.1mgg(-1)) and arsenic (71.9mgg(-1)) compared with other adsorbents, such as DABs (158.1 and 0.0mgg(-1)), SZIB (42.9 and 0.0mgg(-1)) and SZMIOIB (54.0 and 5.9mgg(-1)) for lead and arsenic, respectively. 24444456 4 77 theme other 1026:1030 arg1 adsorbents 1032:1041 other adsorbents 1026:1041 other adsorbents 1026:1041 Among these adsorbents, the MIOIBs can simultaneously remove cations and anions of heavy metals; they have high adsorption capacities for lead (60.1mgg(-1)) and arsenic (71.9mgg(-1)) compared with other adsorbents, such as DABs (158.1 and 0.0mgg(-1)), SZIB (42.9 and 0.0mgg(-1)) and SZMIOIB (54.0 and 5.9mgg(-1)) for lead and arsenic, respectively. 24444456 7 78 contain had 1594:1596 arg2 cytotoxicity 1607:1618 stronger cytotoxicity 1598:1618 stronger cytotoxicity 1598:1618 We also performed a comparative toxicity study that indicated that much lower concentrations of the powdered form of mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide had stronger cytotoxicity than the granular form. 24444456 7 78 contain had 1594:1596 arg1 concentrations 1522:1535 much lower concentrations 1511:1535 much lower concentrations of the powdered form of mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide 1511:1592 We also performed a comparative toxicity study that indicated that much lower concentrations of the powdered form of mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide had stronger cytotoxicity than the granular form. 24444456 0 79 theme synthetic 66:74 arg1 minerals 76:83 synthetic minerals 66:83 synthetic minerals 66:83 Modified composites based on mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide and synthetic minerals: a potential material for the treatment of various toxic heavy metals and its toxicity. 24444456 3 80 theme possibility 785:795 arg1 anions 754:759 anions 754:759 anions 754:759 Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the removal efficiencies of cations and anions of heavy metals and the possibility of regenerating the adsorbents. 24444456 3 80 theme possibility 785:795 arg1 cations 742:748 cations 742:748 cations 742:748 Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the removal efficiencies of cations and anions of heavy metals and the possibility of regenerating the adsorbents. 24444456 5 81 theme removal 1196:1202 arg1 consistent 1219:1228 consistent 1219:1228 consistent 1219:1228 Additionally, the removal efficiency was consistent at approximately 90%, notwithstanding repetitive regeneration. 24444456 5 81 theme removal 1196:1202 arg1 efficiency 1204:1213 the removal efficiency 1192:1213 the removal efficiency 1192:1213 Additionally, the removal efficiency was consistent at approximately 90%, notwithstanding repetitive regeneration. 24444456 4 82 theme adsorption 941:950 arg1 capacities 952:961 high adsorption capacities 936:961 high adsorption capacities for lead (60.1mgg(-1)) and arsenic (71.9mgg(-1)) 936:1010 Among these adsorbents, the MIOIBs can simultaneously remove cations and anions of heavy metals; they have high adsorption capacities for lead (60.1mgg(-1)) and arsenic (71.9mgg(-1)) compared with other adsorbents, such as DABs (158.1 and 0.0mgg(-1)), SZIB (42.9 and 0.0mgg(-1)) and SZMIOIB (54.0 and 5.9mgg(-1)) for lead and arsenic, respectively. 24444456 4 83 dep SZMIOIB 1112:1118 arg1 -1 1137:1138 -1 1137:1138 -1 1137:1138 Among these adsorbents, the MIOIBs can simultaneously remove cations and anions of heavy metals; they have high adsorption capacities for lead (60.1mgg(-1)) and arsenic (71.9mgg(-1)) compared with other adsorbents, such as DABs (158.1 and 0.0mgg(-1)), SZIB (42.9 and 0.0mgg(-1)) and SZMIOIB (54.0 and 5.9mgg(-1)) for lead and arsenic, respectively. 24444456 4 83 dep SZMIOIB 1112:1118 arg1 5.9mgg 1130:1135 5.9mgg 1130:1135 5.9mgg(-1) 1130:1139 Among these adsorbents, the MIOIBs can simultaneously remove cations and anions of heavy metals; they have high adsorption capacities for lead (60.1mgg(-1)) and arsenic (71.9mgg(-1)) compared with other adsorbents, such as DABs (158.1 and 0.0mgg(-1)), SZIB (42.9 and 0.0mgg(-1)) and SZMIOIB (54.0 and 5.9mgg(-1)) for lead and arsenic, respectively. 24444456 4 83 dep SZMIOIB 1112:1118 arg1 54.0 1121:1124 54.0 1121:1124 54.0 1121:1124 Among these adsorbents, the MIOIBs can simultaneously remove cations and anions of heavy metals; they have high adsorption capacities for lead (60.1mgg(-1)) and arsenic (71.9mgg(-1)) compared with other adsorbents, such as DABs (158.1 and 0.0mgg(-1)), SZIB (42.9 and 0.0mgg(-1)) and SZMIOIB (54.0 and 5.9mgg(-1)) for lead and arsenic, respectively. 24444456 1 84 theme zeolite 252:258 arg1 composites 177:186 The composites 173:186 The composites of mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide and/or commercial synthetic zeolite 173:258 The composites of mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide and/or commercial synthetic zeolite were investigated for use in the removal of toxic heavy metals, such as cadmium, copper, lead and arsenic, from aqueous solution. 24444456 1 84 theme zeolite 252:258 arg1 zeolite 252:258 zeolite 252:258 zeolite 252:258 The composites of mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide and/or commercial synthetic zeolite were investigated for use in the removal of toxic heavy metals, such as cadmium, copper, lead and arsenic, from aqueous solution. 24444456 1 84 theme zeolite 252:258 arg1 oxyhydroxide 211:222 mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide 191:222 mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide 191:222 The composites of mesostructured iron oxyhydroxide and/or commercial synthetic zeolite were investigated for use in the removal of toxic heavy metals, such as cadmium, copper, lead and arsenic, from aqueous solution. 27872310 3 0 theme plasma 702:707 arg1 leaflet 724:730 the plasma membrane outer leaflet 698:730 the plasma membrane outer leaflet 698:730 In addition, lipid exchange experiments revealed that 70-80% of cell sphingomyelin resided in the plasma membrane outer leaflet; the asymmetry of metabolically active cells was similar to that previously defined for erythrocytes, as judged by outer leaflet lipid composition; and plasma membrane outer leaflet phosphatidylcholine had a significantly lower level of unsaturation than phosphatidylcholine in the remainder of the cell. 27872310 1 1 theme lipid 163:167 arg1 function 169:176 membrane lipid function 154:176 membrane lipid function 154:176 Our understanding of membranes and membrane lipid function has lagged far behind that of nucleic acids and proteins, largely because it is difficult to manipulate cellular membrane lipid composition. 27872310 3 2 theme membrane 709:716 arg1 leaflet 724:730 the plasma membrane outer leaflet 698:730 the plasma membrane outer leaflet 698:730 In addition, lipid exchange experiments revealed that 70-80% of cell sphingomyelin resided in the plasma membrane outer leaflet; the asymmetry of metabolically active cells was similar to that previously defined for erythrocytes, as judged by outer leaflet lipid composition; and plasma membrane outer leaflet phosphatidylcholine had a significantly lower level of unsaturation than phosphatidylcholine in the remainder of the cell. 27872310 5 3 theme such 1168:1171 arg1 applications 1184:1195 such lipidomics applications 1168:1195 such lipidomics applications 1168:1195 In addition to such lipidomics applications, the exchange method should have wide potential for investigations of lipid function and modification of cellular behavior by modification of lipids. 27872310 0 4 from replacement 10:20 arg1 cells 90:94 cells 90:94 cells with exogenous lipids 90:116 Efficient replacement of plasma membrane outer leaflet phospholipids and sphingolipids in cells with exogenous lipids. 27872310 2 5 theme unnatural 586:594 arg1 lipids 596:601 unnatural lipids 586:601 unnatural lipids 586:601 To help solve this problem, we show that methyl-α-cyclodextrin (MαCD)-catalyzed lipid exchange can be used to maximally replace the sphingolipids and phospholipids in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane of living mammalian cells with exogenous lipids, including unnatural lipids. 27872310 0 6 with cells 90:94 arg1 lipids 111:116 exogenous lipids 101:116 exogenous lipids 101:116 Efficient replacement of plasma membrane outer leaflet phospholipids and sphingolipids in cells with exogenous lipids. 27872310 1 7 theme function 169:176 arg1 understanding 123:135 Our understanding 119:135 Our understanding of membranes and membrane lipid function 119:176 Our understanding of membranes and membrane lipid function has lagged far behind that of nucleic acids and proteins, largely because it is difficult to manipulate cellular membrane lipid composition. 27872310 3 8 theme outer 847:851 arg1 composition 867:877 outer leaflet lipid composition 847:877 outer leaflet lipid composition 847:877 In addition, lipid exchange experiments revealed that 70-80% of cell sphingomyelin resided in the plasma membrane outer leaflet; the asymmetry of metabolically active cells was similar to that previously defined for erythrocytes, as judged by outer leaflet lipid composition; and plasma membrane outer leaflet phosphatidylcholine had a significantly lower level of unsaturation than phosphatidylcholine in the remainder of the cell. 27872310 5 9 theme lipidomics 1173:1182 arg1 applications 1184:1195 such lipidomics applications 1168:1195 such lipidomics applications 1168:1195 In addition to such lipidomics applications, the exchange method should have wide potential for investigations of lipid function and modification of cellular behavior by modification of lipids. 27872310 0 10 theme exogenous 101:109 arg1 lipids 111:116 exogenous lipids 101:116 exogenous lipids 101:116 Efficient replacement of plasma membrane outer leaflet phospholipids and sphingolipids in cells with exogenous lipids. 27872310 3 11 theme sphingomyelin 673:685 arg1 % 663:663 70-80% 658:663 70-80% of cell sphingomyelin 658:685 In addition, lipid exchange experiments revealed that 70-80% of cell sphingomyelin resided in the plasma membrane outer leaflet; the asymmetry of metabolically active cells was similar to that previously defined for erythrocytes, as judged by outer leaflet lipid composition; and plasma membrane outer leaflet phosphatidylcholine had a significantly lower level of unsaturation than phosphatidylcholine in the remainder of the cell. 27872310 3 11 theme sphingomyelin 673:685 arg1 sphingomyelin 673:685 cell sphingomyelin 668:685 cell sphingomyelin 668:685 In addition, lipid exchange experiments revealed that 70-80% of cell sphingomyelin resided in the plasma membrane outer leaflet; the asymmetry of metabolically active cells was similar to that previously defined for erythrocytes, as judged by outer leaflet lipid composition; and plasma membrane outer leaflet phosphatidylcholine had a significantly lower level of unsaturation than phosphatidylcholine in the remainder of the cell. 27872310 3 12 theme unsaturation 969:980 arg1 level 960:964 a significantly lower level 938:964 a significantly lower level of unsaturation than phosphatidylcholine 938:1005 In addition, lipid exchange experiments revealed that 70-80% of cell sphingomyelin resided in the plasma membrane outer leaflet; the asymmetry of metabolically active cells was similar to that previously defined for erythrocytes, as judged by outer leaflet lipid composition; and plasma membrane outer leaflet phosphatidylcholine had a significantly lower level of unsaturation than phosphatidylcholine in the remainder of the cell. 27872310 3 13 theme leaflet 853:859 arg1 composition 867:877 outer leaflet lipid composition 847:877 outer leaflet lipid composition 847:877 In addition, lipid exchange experiments revealed that 70-80% of cell sphingomyelin resided in the plasma membrane outer leaflet; the asymmetry of metabolically active cells was similar to that previously defined for erythrocytes, as judged by outer leaflet lipid composition; and plasma membrane outer leaflet phosphatidylcholine had a significantly lower level of unsaturation than phosphatidylcholine in the remainder of the cell. 27872310 3 14 theme cell 668:671 arg1 sphingomyelin 673:685 cell sphingomyelin 668:685 cell sphingomyelin 668:685 In addition, lipid exchange experiments revealed that 70-80% of cell sphingomyelin resided in the plasma membrane outer leaflet; the asymmetry of metabolically active cells was similar to that previously defined for erythrocytes, as judged by outer leaflet lipid composition; and plasma membrane outer leaflet phosphatidylcholine had a significantly lower level of unsaturation than phosphatidylcholine in the remainder of the cell. 27872310 2 15 dep sphingolipids 451:463 arg1 the 447:449 the 447:449 the 447:449 To help solve this problem, we show that methyl-α-cyclodextrin (MαCD)-catalyzed lipid exchange can be used to maximally replace the sphingolipids and phospholipids in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane of living mammalian cells with exogenous lipids, including unnatural lipids. 27872310 3 16 theme plasma 884:889 arg1 phosphatidylcholine 914:932 plasma membrane outer leaflet phosphatidylcholine 884:932 plasma membrane outer leaflet phosphatidylcholine 884:932 In addition, lipid exchange experiments revealed that 70-80% of cell sphingomyelin resided in the plasma membrane outer leaflet; the asymmetry of metabolically active cells was similar to that previously defined for erythrocytes, as judged by outer leaflet lipid composition; and plasma membrane outer leaflet phosphatidylcholine had a significantly lower level of unsaturation than phosphatidylcholine in the remainder of the cell. 27872310 4 17 theme plasma 1123:1128 arg1 membrane 1130:1137 the plasma membrane 1119:1137 the plasma membrane 1119:1137 The data also provided a rough estimate for the total cellular lipids residing in the plasma membrane (about half). 27872310 3 18 theme active 764:769 arg1 cells 771:775 metabolically active cells 750:775 metabolically active cells 750:775 In addition, lipid exchange experiments revealed that 70-80% of cell sphingomyelin resided in the plasma membrane outer leaflet; the asymmetry of metabolically active cells was similar to that previously defined for erythrocytes, as judged by outer leaflet lipid composition; and plasma membrane outer leaflet phosphatidylcholine had a significantly lower level of unsaturation than phosphatidylcholine in the remainder of the cell. 27872310 2 19 used used 421:424 arg2 exchange 405:412 methyl-α-cyclodextrin (MαCD)-catalyzed lipid exchange 360:412 methyl-α-cyclodextrin (MαCD)-catalyzed lipid exchange 360:412 To help solve this problem, we show that methyl-α-cyclodextrin (MαCD)-catalyzed lipid exchange can be used to maximally replace the sphingolipids and phospholipids in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane of living mammalian cells with exogenous lipids, including unnatural lipids. 27872310 5 20 theme wide 1230:1233 arg1 potential 1235:1243 wide potential 1230:1243 wide potential for investigations of lipid function and modification of cellular behavior by modification of lipids 1230:1344 In addition to such lipidomics applications, the exchange method should have wide potential for investigations of lipid function and modification of cellular behavior by modification of lipids. 27872310 3 21 theme membrane 891:898 arg1 phosphatidylcholine 914:932 plasma membrane outer leaflet phosphatidylcholine 884:932 plasma membrane outer leaflet phosphatidylcholine 884:932 In addition, lipid exchange experiments revealed that 70-80% of cell sphingomyelin resided in the plasma membrane outer leaflet; the asymmetry of metabolically active cells was similar to that previously defined for erythrocytes, as judged by outer leaflet lipid composition; and plasma membrane outer leaflet phosphatidylcholine had a significantly lower level of unsaturation than phosphatidylcholine in the remainder of the cell. 27872310 2 22 from sphingolipids 451:463 arg1 leaflet 496:502 the outer leaflet 486:502 the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane of living mammalian cells 486:551 To help solve this problem, we show that methyl-α-cyclodextrin (MαCD)-catalyzed lipid exchange can be used to maximally replace the sphingolipids and phospholipids in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane of living mammalian cells with exogenous lipids, including unnatural lipids. 27872310 2 23 theme outer 490:494 arg1 leaflet 496:502 the outer leaflet 486:502 the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane of living mammalian cells 486:551 To help solve this problem, we show that methyl-α-cyclodextrin (MαCD)-catalyzed lipid exchange can be used to maximally replace the sphingolipids and phospholipids in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane of living mammalian cells with exogenous lipids, including unnatural lipids. 27872310 3 24 theme outer 718:722 arg1 leaflet 724:730 the plasma membrane outer leaflet 698:730 the plasma membrane outer leaflet 698:730 In addition, lipid exchange experiments revealed that 70-80% of cell sphingomyelin resided in the plasma membrane outer leaflet; the asymmetry of metabolically active cells was similar to that previously defined for erythrocytes, as judged by outer leaflet lipid composition; and plasma membrane outer leaflet phosphatidylcholine had a significantly lower level of unsaturation than phosphatidylcholine in the remainder of the cell. 27872310 0 25 theme Efficient 0:8 arg1 replacement 10:20 Efficient replacement 0:20 Efficient replacement of plasma membrane outer leaflet phospholipids and sphingolipids in cells with exogenous lipids. 0:117 Efficient replacement of plasma membrane outer leaflet phospholipids and sphingolipids in cells with exogenous lipids. 27872310 5 26 dep applications 1184:1195 arg1 addition 1156:1163 addition 1156:1163 addition 1156:1163 In addition to such lipidomics applications, the exchange method should have wide potential for investigations of lipid function and modification of cellular behavior by modification of lipids. 27872310 4 27 theme cellular 1091:1098 arg1 lipids 1100:1105 the total cellular lipids 1081:1105 the total cellular lipids residing in the plasma membrane 1081:1137 The data also provided a rough estimate for the total cellular lipids residing in the plasma membrane (about half). 27872310 2 28 from phospholipids 469:481 arg1 leaflet 496:502 the outer leaflet 486:502 the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane of living mammalian cells 486:551 To help solve this problem, we show that methyl-α-cyclodextrin (MαCD)-catalyzed lipid exchange can be used to maximally replace the sphingolipids and phospholipids in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane of living mammalian cells with exogenous lipids, including unnatural lipids. 27872310 0 29 theme plasma 25:30 arg1 phospholipids 55:67 plasma membrane outer leaflet phospholipids 25:67 plasma membrane outer leaflet phospholipids 25:67 Efficient replacement of plasma membrane outer leaflet phospholipids and sphingolipids in cells with exogenous lipids. 27872310 2 30 theme mammalian 537:545 arg1 cells 547:551 living mammalian cells 530:551 living mammalian cells 530:551 To help solve this problem, we show that methyl-α-cyclodextrin (MαCD)-catalyzed lipid exchange can be used to maximally replace the sphingolipids and phospholipids in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane of living mammalian cells with exogenous lipids, including unnatural lipids. 27872310 3 31 theme cell 1031:1034 arg1 remainder 1014:1022 the remainder 1010:1022 the remainder of the cell 1010:1034 In addition, lipid exchange experiments revealed that 70-80% of cell sphingomyelin resided in the plasma membrane outer leaflet; the asymmetry of metabolically active cells was similar to that previously defined for erythrocytes, as judged by outer leaflet lipid composition; and plasma membrane outer leaflet phosphatidylcholine had a significantly lower level of unsaturation than phosphatidylcholine in the remainder of the cell. 27872310 4 32 theme total 1085:1089 arg1 lipids 1100:1105 the total cellular lipids 1081:1105 the total cellular lipids residing in the plasma membrane 1081:1137 The data also provided a rough estimate for the total cellular lipids residing in the plasma membrane (about half). 27872310 1 33 theme cellular 282:289 arg1 composition 306:316 cellular membrane lipid composition 282:316 cellular membrane lipid composition 282:316 Our understanding of membranes and membrane lipid function has lagged far behind that of nucleic acids and proteins, largely because it is difficult to manipulate cellular membrane lipid composition. 27872310 2 34 theme living 530:535 arg1 cells 547:551 living mammalian cells 530:551 living mammalian cells 530:551 To help solve this problem, we show that methyl-α-cyclodextrin (MαCD)-catalyzed lipid exchange can be used to maximally replace the sphingolipids and phospholipids in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane of living mammalian cells with exogenous lipids, including unnatural lipids. 27872310 5 35 theme cellular 1302:1309 arg1 behavior 1311:1318 cellular behavior 1302:1318 cellular behavior 1302:1318 In addition to such lipidomics applications, the exchange method should have wide potential for investigations of lipid function and modification of cellular behavior by modification of lipids. 27872310 3 36 theme outer 900:904 arg1 phosphatidylcholine 914:932 plasma membrane outer leaflet phosphatidylcholine 884:932 plasma membrane outer leaflet phosphatidylcholine 884:932 In addition, lipid exchange experiments revealed that 70-80% of cell sphingomyelin resided in the plasma membrane outer leaflet; the asymmetry of metabolically active cells was similar to that previously defined for erythrocytes, as judged by outer leaflet lipid composition; and plasma membrane outer leaflet phosphatidylcholine had a significantly lower level of unsaturation than phosphatidylcholine in the remainder of the cell. 27872310 0 37 theme outer 41:45 arg1 phospholipids 55:67 plasma membrane outer leaflet phospholipids 25:67 plasma membrane outer leaflet phospholipids 25:67 Efficient replacement of plasma membrane outer leaflet phospholipids and sphingolipids in cells with exogenous lipids. 27872310 1 38 theme membrane 291:298 arg1 composition 306:316 cellular membrane lipid composition 282:316 cellular membrane lipid composition 282:316 Our understanding of membranes and membrane lipid function has lagged far behind that of nucleic acids and proteins, largely because it is difficult to manipulate cellular membrane lipid composition. 27872310 3 39 contain had 934:936 arg2 level 960:964 a significantly lower level 938:964 a significantly lower level of unsaturation than phosphatidylcholine 938:1005 In addition, lipid exchange experiments revealed that 70-80% of cell sphingomyelin resided in the plasma membrane outer leaflet; the asymmetry of metabolically active cells was similar to that previously defined for erythrocytes, as judged by outer leaflet lipid composition; and plasma membrane outer leaflet phosphatidylcholine had a significantly lower level of unsaturation than phosphatidylcholine in the remainder of the cell. 27872310 3 39 contain had 934:936 arg1 phosphatidylcholine 914:932 plasma membrane outer leaflet phosphatidylcholine 884:932 plasma membrane outer leaflet phosphatidylcholine 884:932 In addition, lipid exchange experiments revealed that 70-80% of cell sphingomyelin resided in the plasma membrane outer leaflet; the asymmetry of metabolically active cells was similar to that previously defined for erythrocytes, as judged by outer leaflet lipid composition; and plasma membrane outer leaflet phosphatidylcholine had a significantly lower level of unsaturation than phosphatidylcholine in the remainder of the cell. 27872310 1 40 theme nucleic 208:214 arg1 acids 216:220 nucleic acids 208:220 nucleic acids 208:220 Our understanding of membranes and membrane lipid function has lagged far behind that of nucleic acids and proteins, largely because it is difficult to manipulate cellular membrane lipid composition. 27872310 3 41 theme leaflet 906:912 arg1 phosphatidylcholine 914:932 plasma membrane outer leaflet phosphatidylcholine 884:932 plasma membrane outer leaflet phosphatidylcholine 884:932 In addition, lipid exchange experiments revealed that 70-80% of cell sphingomyelin resided in the plasma membrane outer leaflet; the asymmetry of metabolically active cells was similar to that previously defined for erythrocytes, as judged by outer leaflet lipid composition; and plasma membrane outer leaflet phosphatidylcholine had a significantly lower level of unsaturation than phosphatidylcholine in the remainder of the cell. 27872310 2 42 theme lipid 399:403 arg1 exchange 405:412 methyl-α-cyclodextrin (MαCD)-catalyzed lipid exchange 360:412 methyl-α-cyclodextrin (MαCD)-catalyzed lipid exchange 360:412 To help solve this problem, we show that methyl-α-cyclodextrin (MαCD)-catalyzed lipid exchange can be used to maximally replace the sphingolipids and phospholipids in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane of living mammalian cells with exogenous lipids, including unnatural lipids. 27872310 0 43 theme membrane 32:39 arg1 phospholipids 55:67 plasma membrane outer leaflet phospholipids 25:67 plasma membrane outer leaflet phospholipids 25:67 Efficient replacement of plasma membrane outer leaflet phospholipids and sphingolipids in cells with exogenous lipids. 27872310 1 44 theme lipid 300:304 arg1 composition 306:316 cellular membrane lipid composition 282:316 cellular membrane lipid composition 282:316 Our understanding of membranes and membrane lipid function has lagged far behind that of nucleic acids and proteins, largely because it is difficult to manipulate cellular membrane lipid composition. 27872310 2 45 theme membrane 518:525 arg1 leaflet 496:502 the outer leaflet 486:502 the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane of living mammalian cells 486:551 To help solve this problem, we show that methyl-α-cyclodextrin (MαCD)-catalyzed lipid exchange can be used to maximally replace the sphingolipids and phospholipids in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane of living mammalian cells with exogenous lipids, including unnatural lipids. 27872310 3 46 theme lipid 617:621 arg1 experiments 632:642 lipid exchange experiments 617:642 lipid exchange experiments 617:642 In addition, lipid exchange experiments revealed that 70-80% of cell sphingomyelin resided in the plasma membrane outer leaflet; the asymmetry of metabolically active cells was similar to that previously defined for erythrocytes, as judged by outer leaflet lipid composition; and plasma membrane outer leaflet phosphatidylcholine had a significantly lower level of unsaturation than phosphatidylcholine in the remainder of the cell. 27872310 3 47 theme lower 954:958 arg1 level 960:964 a significantly lower level 938:964 a significantly lower level of unsaturation than phosphatidylcholine 938:1005 In addition, lipid exchange experiments revealed that 70-80% of cell sphingomyelin resided in the plasma membrane outer leaflet; the asymmetry of metabolically active cells was similar to that previously defined for erythrocytes, as judged by outer leaflet lipid composition; and plasma membrane outer leaflet phosphatidylcholine had a significantly lower level of unsaturation than phosphatidylcholine in the remainder of the cell. 27872310 2 48 theme -catalyzed 388:397 arg1 exchange 405:412 methyl-α-cyclodextrin (MαCD)-catalyzed lipid exchange 360:412 methyl-α-cyclodextrin (MαCD)-catalyzed lipid exchange 360:412 To help solve this problem, we show that methyl-α-cyclodextrin (MαCD)-catalyzed lipid exchange can be used to maximally replace the sphingolipids and phospholipids in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane of living mammalian cells with exogenous lipids, including unnatural lipids. 27872310 0 49 theme phospholipids 55:67 arg1 replacement 10:20 Efficient replacement 0:20 Efficient replacement of plasma membrane outer leaflet phospholipids and sphingolipids in cells with exogenous lipids. 0:117 Efficient replacement of plasma membrane outer leaflet phospholipids and sphingolipids in cells with exogenous lipids. 27872310 2 50 theme plasma 511:516 arg1 membrane 518:525 the plasma membrane 507:525 the plasma membrane of living mammalian cells 507:551 To help solve this problem, we show that methyl-α-cyclodextrin (MαCD)-catalyzed lipid exchange can be used to maximally replace the sphingolipids and phospholipids in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane of living mammalian cells with exogenous lipids, including unnatural lipids. 27872310 3 51 theme exchange 623:630 arg1 experiments 632:642 lipid exchange experiments 617:642 lipid exchange experiments 617:642 In addition, lipid exchange experiments revealed that 70-80% of cell sphingomyelin resided in the plasma membrane outer leaflet; the asymmetry of metabolically active cells was similar to that previously defined for erythrocytes, as judged by outer leaflet lipid composition; and plasma membrane outer leaflet phosphatidylcholine had a significantly lower level of unsaturation than phosphatidylcholine in the remainder of the cell. 27872310 0 52 theme leaflet 47:53 arg1 phospholipids 55:67 plasma membrane outer leaflet phospholipids 25:67 plasma membrane outer leaflet phospholipids 25:67 Efficient replacement of plasma membrane outer leaflet phospholipids and sphingolipids in cells with exogenous lipids. 27872310 2 53 theme exogenous 558:566 arg1 lipids 596:601 unnatural lipids 586:601 unnatural lipids 586:601 To help solve this problem, we show that methyl-α-cyclodextrin (MαCD)-catalyzed lipid exchange can be used to maximally replace the sphingolipids and phospholipids in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane of living mammalian cells with exogenous lipids, including unnatural lipids. 27872310 2 53 theme exogenous 558:566 arg1 lipids 568:573 exogenous lipids 558:573 exogenous lipids 558:573 To help solve this problem, we show that methyl-α-cyclodextrin (MαCD)-catalyzed lipid exchange can be used to maximally replace the sphingolipids and phospholipids in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane of living mammalian cells with exogenous lipids, including unnatural lipids. 27872310 5 54 theme behavior 1311:1318 arg1 modification 1286:1297 modification 1286:1297 modification of cellular behavior by modification of lipids 1286:1344 In addition to such lipidomics applications, the exchange method should have wide potential for investigations of lipid function and modification of cellular behavior by modification of lipids. 27872310 5 54 theme behavior 1311:1318 arg1 function 1273:1280 lipid function 1267:1280 lipid function 1267:1280 In addition to such lipidomics applications, the exchange method should have wide potential for investigations of lipid function and modification of cellular behavior by modification of lipids. 27872310 1 55 dep lagged 182:187 arg1 behind 193:198 behind 193:198 behind 193:198 Our understanding of membranes and membrane lipid function has lagged far behind that of nucleic acids and proteins, largely because it is difficult to manipulate cellular membrane lipid composition. 27872310 5 56 theme modification 1286:1297 arg1 investigations 1249:1262 investigations 1249:1262 investigations of lipid function and modification of cellular behavior by modification of lipids 1249:1344 In addition to such lipidomics applications, the exchange method should have wide potential for investigations of lipid function and modification of cellular behavior by modification of lipids. 27872310 4 57 dep rough 1062:1066 arg1 estimate 1068:1075 estimate 1068:1075 estimate 1068:1075 The data also provided a rough estimate for the total cellular lipids residing in the plasma membrane (about half). 27872310 2 58 theme cells 547:551 arg1 membrane 518:525 the plasma membrane 507:525 the plasma membrane of living mammalian cells 507:551 To help solve this problem, we show that methyl-α-cyclodextrin (MαCD)-catalyzed lipid exchange can be used to maximally replace the sphingolipids and phospholipids in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane of living mammalian cells with exogenous lipids, including unnatural lipids. 27872310 5 59 theme lipids 1339:1344 arg1 modification 1323:1334 modification 1323:1334 modification of lipids 1323:1344 In addition to such lipidomics applications, the exchange method should have wide potential for investigations of lipid function and modification of cellular behavior by modification of lipids. 27872310 1 60 theme membranes 140:148 arg1 understanding 123:135 Our understanding 119:135 Our understanding of membranes and membrane lipid function 119:176 Our understanding of membranes and membrane lipid function has lagged far behind that of nucleic acids and proteins, largely because it is difficult to manipulate cellular membrane lipid composition. 27872310 5 61 theme lipid 1267:1271 arg1 function 1273:1280 lipid function 1267:1280 lipid function 1267:1280 In addition to such lipidomics applications, the exchange method should have wide potential for investigations of lipid function and modification of cellular behavior by modification of lipids. 27872310 5 62 theme exchange 1202:1209 arg1 method 1211:1216 the exchange method 1198:1216 the exchange method 1198:1216 In addition to such lipidomics applications, the exchange method should have wide potential for investigations of lipid function and modification of cellular behavior by modification of lipids. 27872310 0 63 theme sphingolipids 73:85 arg1 replacement 10:20 Efficient replacement 0:20 Efficient replacement of plasma membrane outer leaflet phospholipids and sphingolipids in cells with exogenous lipids. 0:117 Efficient replacement of plasma membrane outer leaflet phospholipids and sphingolipids in cells with exogenous lipids. 27872310 5 64 theme function 1273:1280 arg1 investigations 1249:1262 investigations 1249:1262 investigations of lipid function and modification of cellular behavior by modification of lipids 1249:1344 In addition to such lipidomics applications, the exchange method should have wide potential for investigations of lipid function and modification of cellular behavior by modification of lipids. 27872310 5 65 contain have 1225:1228 arg1 method 1211:1216 the exchange method 1198:1216 the exchange method 1198:1216 In addition to such lipidomics applications, the exchange method should have wide potential for investigations of lipid function and modification of cellular behavior by modification of lipids. 27872310 5 65 contain have 1225:1228 arg2 potential 1235:1243 wide potential 1230:1243 wide potential for investigations of lipid function and modification of cellular behavior by modification of lipids 1230:1344 In addition to such lipidomics applications, the exchange method should have wide potential for investigations of lipid function and modification of cellular behavior by modification of lipids. 27872310 1 66 theme membrane 154:161 arg1 function 169:176 membrane lipid function 154:176 membrane lipid function 154:176 Our understanding of membranes and membrane lipid function has lagged far behind that of nucleic acids and proteins, largely because it is difficult to manipulate cellular membrane lipid composition. 27872310 3 67 theme lipid 861:865 arg1 composition 867:877 outer leaflet lipid composition 847:877 outer leaflet lipid composition 847:877 In addition, lipid exchange experiments revealed that 70-80% of cell sphingomyelin resided in the plasma membrane outer leaflet; the asymmetry of metabolically active cells was similar to that previously defined for erythrocytes, as judged by outer leaflet lipid composition; and plasma membrane outer leaflet phosphatidylcholine had a significantly lower level of unsaturation than phosphatidylcholine in the remainder of the cell. 27872310 3 68 theme cells 771:775 arg1 asymmetry 737:745 the asymmetry 733:745 the asymmetry of metabolically active cells 733:775 In addition, lipid exchange experiments revealed that 70-80% of cell sphingomyelin resided in the plasma membrane outer leaflet; the asymmetry of metabolically active cells was similar to that previously defined for erythrocytes, as judged by outer leaflet lipid composition; and plasma membrane outer leaflet phosphatidylcholine had a significantly lower level of unsaturation than phosphatidylcholine in the remainder of the cell. 27872310 3 68 theme cells 771:775 arg1 similar 781:787 similar 781:787 similar 781:787 In addition, lipid exchange experiments revealed that 70-80% of cell sphingomyelin resided in the plasma membrane outer leaflet; the asymmetry of metabolically active cells was similar to that previously defined for erythrocytes, as judged by outer leaflet lipid composition; and plasma membrane outer leaflet phosphatidylcholine had a significantly lower level of unsaturation than phosphatidylcholine in the remainder of the cell. 26311845 0 0 theme Pseudomonas 78:88 arg1 matrix 109:114 the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm matrix 74:114 the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm matrix 74:114 Pel is a cationic exopolysaccharide that cross-links extracellular DNA in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm matrix. 26311845 7 1 theme biofilm 1163:1169 arg1 components 1178:1187 other key biofilm matrix components 1153:1187 other key biofilm matrix components 1153:1187 Our data demonstrate that the cationic charge of Pel is distinct from that of other known P. aeruginosa exopolysaccharides and is instrumental in its ability to interact with other key biofilm matrix components. 26311845 4 2 theme glycosidic 608:617 arg1 linkages 619:626 partially acetylated 1→4 glycosidic linkages 583:626 partially acetylated 1→4 glycosidic linkages of N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylglucosamine 583:675 Using specialized carbohydrate chemical analyses, we unexpectedly found that Pel is a positively charged exopolysaccharide composed of partially acetylated 1→4 glycosidic linkages of N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylglucosamine. 26311845 6 3 theme ionic 958:962 arg1 interactions 964:975 ionic interactions 958:975 ionic interactions 958:975 The results indicate that Pel cross-links eDNA in the biofilm stalk via ionic interactions. 26311845 7 4 theme matrix 1171:1176 arg1 components 1178:1187 other key biofilm matrix components 1153:1187 other key biofilm matrix components 1153:1187 Our data demonstrate that the cationic charge of Pel is distinct from that of other known P. aeruginosa exopolysaccharides and is instrumental in its ability to interact with other key biofilm matrix components. 26311845 4 5 theme carbohydrate 466:477 arg1 analyses 488:495 specialized carbohydrate chemical analyses 454:495 specialized carbohydrate chemical analyses 454:495 Using specialized carbohydrate chemical analyses, we unexpectedly found that Pel is a positively charged exopolysaccharide composed of partially acetylated 1→4 glycosidic linkages of N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylglucosamine. 26311845 4 6 theme 1→4 604:606 arg1 linkages 619:626 partially acetylated 1→4 glycosidic linkages 583:626 partially acetylated 1→4 glycosidic linkages of N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylglucosamine 583:675 Using specialized carbohydrate chemical analyses, we unexpectedly found that Pel is a positively charged exopolysaccharide composed of partially acetylated 1→4 glycosidic linkages of N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylglucosamine. 26311845 0 7 theme biofilm 101:107 arg1 matrix 109:114 the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm matrix 74:114 the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm matrix 74:114 Pel is a cationic exopolysaccharide that cross-links extracellular DNA in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm matrix. 26311845 7 8 theme other 1153:1157 arg1 components 1178:1187 other key biofilm matrix components 1153:1187 other key biofilm matrix components 1153:1187 Our data demonstrate that the cationic charge of Pel is distinct from that of other known P. aeruginosa exopolysaccharides and is instrumental in its ability to interact with other key biofilm matrix components. 26311845 5 9 theme floribunda 833:842 arg1 staining 851:858 Pel-specific Wisteria floribunda lectin staining 811:858 Pel-specific Wisteria floribunda lectin staining 811:858 Guided by the knowledge of Pel's sugar composition, we developed a tool for the direct visualization of Pel in biofilms by combining Pel-specific Wisteria floribunda lectin staining with confocal microscopy. 26311845 5 10 theme sugar 711:715 arg1 composition 717:727 Pel's sugar composition 705:727 Pel's sugar composition 705:727 Guided by the knowledge of Pel's sugar composition, we developed a tool for the direct visualization of Pel in biofilms by combining Pel-specific Wisteria floribunda lectin staining with confocal microscopy. 26311845 3 11 theme intensive 342:350 arg1 study 352:356 intensive study 342:356 intensive study 342:356 Despite intensive study, Pel's chemical structure and spatial localization within mature biofilms remain unknown. 26311845 6 12 theme biofilm 940:946 arg1 stalk 948:952 the biofilm stalk 936:952 the biofilm stalk 936:952 The results indicate that Pel cross-links eDNA in the biofilm stalk via ionic interactions. 26311845 7 13 theme cationic 1008:1015 arg1 distinct 1034:1041 distinct 1034:1041 distinct 1034:1041 Our data demonstrate that the cationic charge of Pel is distinct from that of other known P. aeruginosa exopolysaccharides and is instrumental in its ability to interact with other key biofilm matrix components. 26311845 7 13 theme cationic 1008:1015 arg1 instrumental 1108:1119 instrumental 1108:1119 instrumental 1108:1119 Our data demonstrate that the cationic charge of Pel is distinct from that of other known P. aeruginosa exopolysaccharides and is instrumental in its ability to interact with other key biofilm matrix components. 26311845 7 13 theme cationic 1008:1015 arg1 charge 1017:1022 the cationic charge 1004:1022 the cationic charge of Pel 1004:1029 Our data demonstrate that the cationic charge of Pel is distinct from that of other known P. aeruginosa exopolysaccharides and is instrumental in its ability to interact with other key biofilm matrix components. 26311845 7 14 dep P. 1068:1069 arg1 aeruginosa 1071:1080 aeruginosa 1071:1080 aeruginosa 1071:1080 Our data demonstrate that the cationic charge of Pel is distinct from that of other known P. aeruginosa exopolysaccharides and is instrumental in its ability to interact with other key biofilm matrix components. 26311845 5 15 theme Pel 782:784 arg1 visualization 765:777 the direct visualization 754:777 the direct visualization of Pel in biofilms 754:796 Guided by the knowledge of Pel's sugar composition, we developed a tool for the direct visualization of Pel in biofilms by combining Pel-specific Wisteria floribunda lectin staining with confocal microscopy. 26311845 4 16 theme N-acetylgalactosamine 631:651 arg1 linkages 619:626 partially acetylated 1→4 glycosidic linkages 583:626 partially acetylated 1→4 glycosidic linkages of N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylglucosamine 583:675 Using specialized carbohydrate chemical analyses, we unexpectedly found that Pel is a positively charged exopolysaccharide composed of partially acetylated 1→4 glycosidic linkages of N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylglucosamine. 26311845 7 17 from instrumental 1108:1119 arg1 ability 1128:1134 its ability to interact with other key biofilm matrix components 1124:1187 its ability to interact with other key biofilm matrix components 1124:1187 Our data demonstrate that the cationic charge of Pel is distinct from that of other known P. aeruginosa exopolysaccharides and is instrumental in its ability to interact with other key biofilm matrix components. 26311845 0 18 dep Pseudomonas 78:88 arg1 aeruginosa 90:99 aeruginosa 90:99 aeruginosa 90:99 Pel is a cationic exopolysaccharide that cross-links extracellular DNA in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm matrix. 26311845 7 19 from ability 1128:1134 arg1 distinct 1034:1041 distinct 1034:1041 distinct 1034:1041 Our data demonstrate that the cationic charge of Pel is distinct from that of other known P. aeruginosa exopolysaccharides and is instrumental in its ability to interact with other key biofilm matrix components. 26311845 7 19 from ability 1128:1134 arg1 instrumental 1108:1119 instrumental 1108:1119 instrumental 1108:1119 Our data demonstrate that the cationic charge of Pel is distinct from that of other known P. aeruginosa exopolysaccharides and is instrumental in its ability to interact with other key biofilm matrix components. 26311845 7 19 from ability 1128:1134 arg1 charge 1017:1022 the cationic charge 1004:1022 the cationic charge of Pel 1004:1029 Our data demonstrate that the cationic charge of Pel is distinct from that of other known P. aeruginosa exopolysaccharides and is instrumental in its ability to interact with other key biofilm matrix components. 26311845 0 20 theme cationic 9:16 arg1 Pel 0:2 Pel 0:2 Pel 0:2 Pel is a cationic exopolysaccharide that cross-links extracellular DNA in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm matrix. 26311845 0 20 theme cationic 9:16 arg1 exopolysaccharide 18:34 a cationic exopolysaccharide 7:34 a cationic exopolysaccharide that cross-links extracellular DNA in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm matrix 7:114 Pel is a cationic exopolysaccharide that cross-links extracellular DNA in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm matrix. 26311845 7 21 theme key 1159:1161 arg1 components 1178:1187 other key biofilm matrix components 1153:1187 other key biofilm matrix components 1153:1187 Our data demonstrate that the cationic charge of Pel is distinct from that of other known P. aeruginosa exopolysaccharides and is instrumental in its ability to interact with other key biofilm matrix components. 26311845 1 22 dep complex 140:146 arg1 ordered 149:155 ordered 149:155 ordered 149:155 Biofilm formation is a complex, ordered process. 26311845 7 23 from that 1048:1051 arg1 distinct 1034:1041 distinct 1034:1041 distinct 1034:1041 Our data demonstrate that the cationic charge of Pel is distinct from that of other known P. aeruginosa exopolysaccharides and is instrumental in its ability to interact with other key biofilm matrix components. 26311845 7 23 from that 1048:1051 arg1 instrumental 1108:1119 instrumental 1108:1119 instrumental 1108:1119 Our data demonstrate that the cationic charge of Pel is distinct from that of other known P. aeruginosa exopolysaccharides and is instrumental in its ability to interact with other key biofilm matrix components. 26311845 7 23 from that 1048:1051 arg1 charge 1017:1022 the cationic charge 1004:1022 the cationic charge of Pel 1004:1029 Our data demonstrate that the cationic charge of Pel is distinct from that of other known P. aeruginosa exopolysaccharides and is instrumental in its ability to interact with other key biofilm matrix components. 26311845 3 24 theme chemical 365:372 arg1 structure 374:382 Pel's chemical structure 359:382 Pel's chemical structure 359:382 Despite intensive study, Pel's chemical structure and spatial localization within mature biofilms remain unknown. 26311845 4 25 theme acetylated 593:602 arg1 linkages 619:626 partially acetylated 1→4 glycosidic linkages 583:626 partially acetylated 1→4 glycosidic linkages of N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylglucosamine 583:675 Using specialized carbohydrate chemical analyses, we unexpectedly found that Pel is a positively charged exopolysaccharide composed of partially acetylated 1→4 glycosidic linkages of N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylglucosamine. 26311845 2 26 theme opportunistic 173:185 arg1 pathogen 187:194 the opportunistic pathogen 169:194 the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa 169:217 In the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Psl and Pel exopolysaccharides and extracellular DNA (eDNA) serve as structural components of the biofilm matrix. 26311845 2 27 theme structural 289:298 arg1 components 300:309 structural components 289:309 structural components of the biofilm matrix 289:331 In the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Psl and Pel exopolysaccharides and extracellular DNA (eDNA) serve as structural components of the biofilm matrix. 26311845 2 27 theme structural 289:298 arg1 exopolysaccharides 232:249 Psl and Pel exopolysaccharides 220:249 Psl and Pel exopolysaccharides 220:249 In the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Psl and Pel exopolysaccharides and extracellular DNA (eDNA) serve as structural components of the biofilm matrix. 26311845 2 27 theme structural 289:298 arg1 DNA 269:271 extracellular DNA 255:271 extracellular DNA (eDNA) 255:278 In the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Psl and Pel exopolysaccharides and extracellular DNA (eDNA) serve as structural components of the biofilm matrix. 26311845 5 28 theme Pel-specific 811:822 arg1 staining 851:858 Pel-specific Wisteria floribunda lectin staining 811:858 Pel-specific Wisteria floribunda lectin staining 811:858 Guided by the knowledge of Pel's sugar composition, we developed a tool for the direct visualization of Pel in biofilms by combining Pel-specific Wisteria floribunda lectin staining with confocal microscopy. 26311845 4 29 theme specialized 454:464 arg1 analyses 488:495 specialized carbohydrate chemical analyses 454:495 specialized carbohydrate chemical analyses 454:495 Using specialized carbohydrate chemical analyses, we unexpectedly found that Pel is a positively charged exopolysaccharide composed of partially acetylated 1→4 glycosidic linkages of N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylglucosamine. 26311845 3 30 theme mature 416:421 arg1 biofilms 423:430 mature biofilms 416:430 mature biofilms 416:430 Despite intensive study, Pel's chemical structure and spatial localization within mature biofilms remain unknown. 26311845 5 31 theme Wisteria 824:831 arg1 staining 851:858 Pel-specific Wisteria floribunda lectin staining 811:858 Pel-specific Wisteria floribunda lectin staining 811:858 Guided by the knowledge of Pel's sugar composition, we developed a tool for the direct visualization of Pel in biofilms by combining Pel-specific Wisteria floribunda lectin staining with confocal microscopy. 26311845 4 32 theme chemical 479:486 arg1 analyses 488:495 specialized carbohydrate chemical analyses 454:495 specialized carbohydrate chemical analyses 454:495 Using specialized carbohydrate chemical analyses, we unexpectedly found that Pel is a positively charged exopolysaccharide composed of partially acetylated 1→4 glycosidic linkages of N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylglucosamine. 26311845 2 33 theme Pel 228:230 arg1 components 300:309 structural components 289:309 structural components of the biofilm matrix 289:331 In the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Psl and Pel exopolysaccharides and extracellular DNA (eDNA) serve as structural components of the biofilm matrix. 26311845 2 33 theme Pel 228:230 arg1 exopolysaccharides 232:249 Psl and Pel exopolysaccharides 220:249 Psl and Pel exopolysaccharides 220:249 In the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Psl and Pel exopolysaccharides and extracellular DNA (eDNA) serve as structural components of the biofilm matrix. 26311845 2 33 theme Pel 228:230 arg1 DNA 269:271 extracellular DNA 255:271 extracellular DNA (eDNA) 255:278 In the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Psl and Pel exopolysaccharides and extracellular DNA (eDNA) serve as structural components of the biofilm matrix. 26311845 7 34 theme other 1056:1060 arg1 exopolysaccharides 1082:1099 other known P. aeruginosa exopolysaccharides 1056:1099 other known P. aeruginosa exopolysaccharides 1056:1099 Our data demonstrate that the cationic charge of Pel is distinct from that of other known P. aeruginosa exopolysaccharides and is instrumental in its ability to interact with other key biofilm matrix components. 26311845 5 35 theme confocal 865:872 arg1 microscopy 874:883 confocal microscopy 865:883 confocal microscopy 865:883 Guided by the knowledge of Pel's sugar composition, we developed a tool for the direct visualization of Pel in biofilms by combining Pel-specific Wisteria floribunda lectin staining with confocal microscopy. 26311845 3 36 theme spatial 388:394 arg1 localization 396:407 spatial localization 388:407 spatial localization 388:407 Despite intensive study, Pel's chemical structure and spatial localization within mature biofilms remain unknown. 26311845 5 37 theme direct 758:763 arg1 visualization 765:777 the direct visualization 754:777 the direct visualization of Pel in biofilms 754:796 Guided by the knowledge of Pel's sugar composition, we developed a tool for the direct visualization of Pel in biofilms by combining Pel-specific Wisteria floribunda lectin staining with confocal microscopy. 26311845 5 38 theme composition 717:727 arg1 knowledge 692:700 the knowledge 688:700 the knowledge of Pel's sugar composition 688:727 Guided by the knowledge of Pel's sugar composition, we developed a tool for the direct visualization of Pel in biofilms by combining Pel-specific Wisteria floribunda lectin staining with confocal microscopy. 26311845 0 39 from DNA 67:69 arg1 matrix 109:114 the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm matrix 74:114 the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm matrix 74:114 Pel is a cationic exopolysaccharide that cross-links extracellular DNA in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm matrix. 26311845 7 40 theme known 1062:1066 arg1 exopolysaccharides 1082:1099 other known P. aeruginosa exopolysaccharides 1056:1099 other known P. aeruginosa exopolysaccharides 1056:1099 Our data demonstrate that the cationic charge of Pel is distinct from that of other known P. aeruginosa exopolysaccharides and is instrumental in its ability to interact with other key biofilm matrix components. 26311845 1 41 theme Biofilm 117:123 arg1 formation 125:133 Biofilm formation 117:133 Biofilm formation 117:133 Biofilm formation is a complex, ordered process. 26311845 1 41 theme Biofilm 117:123 arg1 process 157:163 a complex, ordered process 138:163 a complex, ordered process 138:163 Biofilm formation is a complex, ordered process. 26311845 5 42 theme lectin 844:849 arg1 staining 851:858 Pel-specific Wisteria floribunda lectin staining 811:858 Pel-specific Wisteria floribunda lectin staining 811:858 Guided by the knowledge of Pel's sugar composition, we developed a tool for the direct visualization of Pel in biofilms by combining Pel-specific Wisteria floribunda lectin staining with confocal microscopy. 26311845 2 43 theme Psl 220:222 arg1 components 300:309 structural components 289:309 structural components of the biofilm matrix 289:331 In the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Psl and Pel exopolysaccharides and extracellular DNA (eDNA) serve as structural components of the biofilm matrix. 26311845 2 43 theme Psl 220:222 arg1 exopolysaccharides 232:249 Psl and Pel exopolysaccharides 220:249 Psl and Pel exopolysaccharides 220:249 In the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Psl and Pel exopolysaccharides and extracellular DNA (eDNA) serve as structural components of the biofilm matrix. 26311845 2 43 theme Psl 220:222 arg1 DNA 269:271 extracellular DNA 255:271 extracellular DNA (eDNA) 255:278 In the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Psl and Pel exopolysaccharides and extracellular DNA (eDNA) serve as structural components of the biofilm matrix. 26311845 4 44 theme charged 545:551 arg1 exopolysaccharide 553:569 a positively charged exopolysaccharide 532:569 a positively charged exopolysaccharide composed of partially acetylated 1→4 glycosidic linkages of N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylglucosamine 532:675 Using specialized carbohydrate chemical analyses, we unexpectedly found that Pel is a positively charged exopolysaccharide composed of partially acetylated 1→4 glycosidic linkages of N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylglucosamine. 26311845 4 44 theme charged 545:551 arg1 Pel 525:527 Pel 525:527 Pel 525:527 Using specialized carbohydrate chemical analyses, we unexpectedly found that Pel is a positively charged exopolysaccharide composed of partially acetylated 1→4 glycosidic linkages of N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylglucosamine. 26311845 7 45 theme P. 1068:1069 arg1 exopolysaccharides 1082:1099 other known P. aeruginosa exopolysaccharides 1056:1099 other known P. aeruginosa exopolysaccharides 1056:1099 Our data demonstrate that the cationic charge of Pel is distinct from that of other known P. aeruginosa exopolysaccharides and is instrumental in its ability to interact with other key biofilm matrix components. 26311845 2 46 theme matrix 326:331 arg1 components 300:309 structural components 289:309 structural components of the biofilm matrix 289:331 In the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Psl and Pel exopolysaccharides and extracellular DNA (eDNA) serve as structural components of the biofilm matrix. 26311845 2 46 theme matrix 326:331 arg1 exopolysaccharides 232:249 Psl and Pel exopolysaccharides 220:249 Psl and Pel exopolysaccharides 220:249 In the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Psl and Pel exopolysaccharides and extracellular DNA (eDNA) serve as structural components of the biofilm matrix. 26311845 2 46 theme matrix 326:331 arg1 DNA 269:271 extracellular DNA 255:271 extracellular DNA (eDNA) 255:278 In the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Psl and Pel exopolysaccharides and extracellular DNA (eDNA) serve as structural components of the biofilm matrix. 26311845 2 47 theme biofilm 318:324 arg1 matrix 326:331 the biofilm matrix 314:331 the biofilm matrix 314:331 In the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Psl and Pel exopolysaccharides and extracellular DNA (eDNA) serve as structural components of the biofilm matrix. 26311845 2 48 dep pathogen 187:194 arg1 aeruginosa 208:217 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 196:217 the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa 169:217 In the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Psl and Pel exopolysaccharides and extracellular DNA (eDNA) serve as structural components of the biofilm matrix. 26311845 2 49 theme extracellular 255:267 arg1 components 300:309 structural components 289:309 structural components of the biofilm matrix 289:331 In the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Psl and Pel exopolysaccharides and extracellular DNA (eDNA) serve as structural components of the biofilm matrix. 26311845 2 49 theme extracellular 255:267 arg1 eDNA 274:277 eDNA 274:277 eDNA 274:277 In the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Psl and Pel exopolysaccharides and extracellular DNA (eDNA) serve as structural components of the biofilm matrix. 26311845 2 49 theme extracellular 255:267 arg1 exopolysaccharides 232:249 Psl and Pel exopolysaccharides 220:249 Psl and Pel exopolysaccharides 220:249 In the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Psl and Pel exopolysaccharides and extracellular DNA (eDNA) serve as structural components of the biofilm matrix. 26311845 2 49 theme extracellular 255:267 arg1 DNA 269:271 extracellular DNA 255:271 extracellular DNA (eDNA) 255:278 In the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Psl and Pel exopolysaccharides and extracellular DNA (eDNA) serve as structural components of the biofilm matrix. 26311845 1 50 theme complex 140:146 arg1 formation 125:133 Biofilm formation 117:133 Biofilm formation 117:133 Biofilm formation is a complex, ordered process. 26311845 1 50 theme complex 140:146 arg1 process 157:163 a complex, ordered process 138:163 a complex, ordered process 138:163 Biofilm formation is a complex, ordered process. 26311845 5 51 from visualization 765:777 arg1 biofilms 789:796 biofilms 789:796 biofilms 789:796 Guided by the knowledge of Pel's sugar composition, we developed a tool for the direct visualization of Pel in biofilms by combining Pel-specific Wisteria floribunda lectin staining with confocal microscopy. 26311845 0 52 theme extracellular 53:65 arg1 DNA 67:69 extracellular DNA 53:69 extracellular DNA in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm matrix 53:114 Pel is a cationic exopolysaccharide that cross-links extracellular DNA in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm matrix. 26311845 7 53 theme Pel 1027:1029 arg1 distinct 1034:1041 distinct 1034:1041 distinct 1034:1041 Our data demonstrate that the cationic charge of Pel is distinct from that of other known P. aeruginosa exopolysaccharides and is instrumental in its ability to interact with other key biofilm matrix components. 26311845 7 53 theme Pel 1027:1029 arg1 instrumental 1108:1119 instrumental 1108:1119 instrumental 1108:1119 Our data demonstrate that the cationic charge of Pel is distinct from that of other known P. aeruginosa exopolysaccharides and is instrumental in its ability to interact with other key biofilm matrix components. 26311845 7 53 theme Pel 1027:1029 arg1 charge 1017:1022 the cationic charge 1004:1022 the cationic charge of Pel 1004:1029 Our data demonstrate that the cationic charge of Pel is distinct from that of other known P. aeruginosa exopolysaccharides and is instrumental in its ability to interact with other key biofilm matrix components. 26311845 4 54 theme N-acetylglucosamine 657:675 arg1 linkages 619:626 partially acetylated 1→4 glycosidic linkages 583:626 partially acetylated 1→4 glycosidic linkages of N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylglucosamine 583:675 Using specialized carbohydrate chemical analyses, we unexpectedly found that Pel is a positively charged exopolysaccharide composed of partially acetylated 1→4 glycosidic linkages of N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylglucosamine. 27325697 8 0 theme GPI 1100:1102 arg1 anchor 1104:1109 the sialylated GPI anchor 1085:1109 the sialylated GPI anchor attached to PrP(C) 1085:1128 These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the sialylated GPI anchor attached to PrP(C) acts as a synapse homing signal. 27325697 8 0 theme GPI 1100:1102 arg1 signal 1155:1160 a synapse homing signal 1138:1160 a synapse homing signal 1138:1160 These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the sialylated GPI anchor attached to PrP(C) acts as a synapse homing signal. 27325697 7 1 theme Competition 918:928 arg1 studies 930:936 Competition studies 918:936 Competition studies 918:936 Competition studies showed that pretreatment with sialylated GPIs prevented the targeting of PrP(C) to synapses. 27325697 8 2 gly sialylated 1089:1098 arg1 anchor 1104:1109 the sialylated GPI anchor 1085:1109 the sialylated GPI anchor attached to PrP(C) 1085:1128 These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the sialylated GPI anchor attached to PrP(C) acts as a synapse homing signal. 27325697 8 2 gly sialylated 1089:1098 arg1 signal 1155:1160 a synapse homing signal 1138:1160 a synapse homing signal 1138:1160 These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the sialylated GPI anchor attached to PrP(C) acts as a synapse homing signal. 27325697 6 3 from GPIs 823:826 arg1 removal 795:801 The removal 791:801 The removal of sialic acid from GPIs 791:826 The removal of sialic acid from GPIs prevented the targeting of either the isolated GPIs or the IgG-GPI conjugate to synapses. 27325697 1 4 dep protein 135:141 arg1 C 148:148 C 148:148 C 148:148 Although the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) is concentrated at synapses, the factors that target PrP(C) to synapses are not understood. 27325697 1 4 dep protein 135:141 arg1 PrP 144:146 PrP 144:146 PrP(C) 144:149 Although the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) is concentrated at synapses, the factors that target PrP(C) to synapses are not understood. 27325697 4 5 theme acid 616:619 arg1 removal 574:580 the removal 570:580 the removal of either an acyl chain or sialic acid from the GPI anchor 570:639 Thus, the removal of either an acyl chain or sialic acid from the GPI anchor reduced the targeting of PrP(C) to synapses. 27325697 2 6 dep mice 375:378 arg1 0/0 369:371 0/0 369:371 0/0 369:371 Here we demonstrate that exogenous PrP(C) was rapidly targeted to synapses in recipient neurons derived from Prnp knock-out((0/0)) mice. 27325697 4 7 from anchor 634:639 arg1 removal 574:580 the removal 570:580 the removal of either an acyl chain or sialic acid from the GPI anchor 570:639 Thus, the removal of either an acyl chain or sialic acid from the GPI anchor reduced the targeting of PrP(C) to synapses. 27325697 4 8 theme GPI 630:632 arg1 anchor 634:639 the GPI anchor 626:639 the GPI anchor 626:639 Thus, the removal of either an acyl chain or sialic acid from the GPI anchor reduced the targeting of PrP(C) to synapses. 27325697 4 9 theme chain 600:604 arg1 removal 574:580 the removal 570:580 the removal of either an acyl chain or sialic acid from the GPI anchor 570:639 Thus, the removal of either an acyl chain or sialic acid from the GPI anchor reduced the targeting of PrP(C) to synapses. 27325697 4 10 theme acyl 595:598 arg1 chain 600:604 an acyl chain 592:604 an acyl chain 592:604 Thus, the removal of either an acyl chain or sialic acid from the GPI anchor reduced the targeting of PrP(C) to synapses. 27325697 7 11 theme sialylated 968:977 arg1 GPIs 979:982 sialylated GPIs 968:982 sialylated GPIs 968:982 Competition studies showed that pretreatment with sialylated GPIs prevented the targeting of PrP(C) to synapses. 27325697 6 12 theme GPIs 875:878 arg1 targeting 842:850 the targeting 838:850 the targeting of either the isolated GPIs or the IgG-GPI conjugate to synapses 838:915 The removal of sialic acid from GPIs prevented the targeting of either the isolated GPIs or the IgG-GPI conjugate to synapses. 27325697 2 13 theme recipient 322:330 arg1 neurons 332:338 recipient neurons 322:338 recipient neurons derived from Prnp knock-out((0/0)) mice 322:378 Here we demonstrate that exogenous PrP(C) was rapidly targeted to synapses in recipient neurons derived from Prnp knock-out((0/0)) mice. 27325697 8 14 with consistent 1049:1058 arg1 hypothesis 1069:1078 the hypothesis that the sialylated GPI anchor attached to PrP(C) acts as a synapse homing signal 1065:1160 the hypothesis that the sialylated GPI anchor attached to PrP(C) acts as a synapse homing signal 1065:1160 These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the sialylated GPI anchor attached to PrP(C) acts as a synapse homing signal. 27325697 7 15 with pretreatment 950:961 arg1 GPIs 979:982 sialylated GPIs 968:982 sialylated GPIs 968:982 Competition studies showed that pretreatment with sialylated GPIs prevented the targeting of PrP(C) to synapses. 27325697 6 16 theme isolated 866:873 arg1 GPIs 875:878 the isolated GPIs 862:878 the isolated GPIs 862:878 The removal of sialic acid from GPIs prevented the targeting of either the isolated GPIs or the IgG-GPI conjugate to synapses. 27325697 3 17 theme cholesterol 450:460 arg1 concentrations 462:475 neuronal cholesterol concentrations 441:475 neuronal cholesterol concentrations 441:475 The targeting of PrP(C) to synapses was dependent upon both neuronal cholesterol concentrations and the lipid and glycan composition of its glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. 27325697 0 18 theme Sialic 0:5 arg1 Acid 7:10 Sialic Acid 0:10 Sialic Acid within the Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchor 0:57 Sialic Acid within the Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchor Targets the Cellular Prion Protein to Synapses. 27325697 4 19 theme sialic 609:614 arg1 acid 616:619 sialic acid 609:619 sialic acid 609:619 Thus, the removal of either an acyl chain or sialic acid from the GPI anchor reduced the targeting of PrP(C) to synapses. 27325697 7 20 gly sialylated 968:977 arg1 GPIs 979:982 sialylated GPIs 968:982 sialylated GPIs 968:982 Competition studies showed that pretreatment with sialylated GPIs prevented the targeting of PrP(C) to synapses. 27325697 8 21 theme synapse 1140:1146 arg1 anchor 1104:1109 the sialylated GPI anchor 1085:1109 the sialylated GPI anchor attached to PrP(C) 1085:1128 These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the sialylated GPI anchor attached to PrP(C) acts as a synapse homing signal. 27325697 8 21 theme synapse 1140:1146 arg1 signal 1155:1160 a synapse homing signal 1138:1160 a synapse homing signal 1138:1160 These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the sialylated GPI anchor attached to PrP(C) acts as a synapse homing signal. 27325697 2 22 theme Prnp 353:356 arg1 mice 375:378 Prnp knock-out((0/0)) mice 353:378 Prnp knock-out((0/0)) mice 353:378 Here we demonstrate that exogenous PrP(C) was rapidly targeted to synapses in recipient neurons derived from Prnp knock-out((0/0)) mice. 27325697 2 23 theme knock-out 358:366 arg1 mice 375:378 Prnp knock-out((0/0)) mice 353:378 Prnp knock-out((0/0)) mice 353:378 Here we demonstrate that exogenous PrP(C) was rapidly targeted to synapses in recipient neurons derived from Prnp knock-out((0/0)) mice. 27325697 3 24 theme GPI 551:553 arg1 anchor 556:561 its glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor 517:561 its glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor 517:561 The targeting of PrP(C) to synapses was dependent upon both neuronal cholesterol concentrations and the lipid and glycan composition of its glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. 27325697 3 25 theme neuronal 441:448 arg1 concentrations 462:475 neuronal cholesterol concentrations 441:475 neuronal cholesterol concentrations 441:475 The targeting of PrP(C) to synapses was dependent upon both neuronal cholesterol concentrations and the lipid and glycan composition of its glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. 27325697 5 26 theme Isolated 686:693 arg1 GPIs 695:698 Isolated GPIs 686:698 Isolated GPIs (derived from PrP(C)) 686:720 Isolated GPIs (derived from PrP(C)) were also targeted to synapses, as was IgG conjugated to these GPIs. 27325697 3 27 theme PrP 398:400 arg1 dependent 421:429 dependent 421:429 dependent 421:429 The targeting of PrP(C) to synapses was dependent upon both neuronal cholesterol concentrations and the lipid and glycan composition of its glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. 27325697 3 27 theme PrP 398:400 arg1 targeting 385:393 The targeting 381:393 The targeting of PrP(C) to synapses 381:415 The targeting of PrP(C) to synapses was dependent upon both neuronal cholesterol concentrations and the lipid and glycan composition of its glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. 27325697 5 28 attach derived 701:707 arg1 C 718:718 C 718:718 C 718:718 Isolated GPIs (derived from PrP(C)) were also targeted to synapses, as was IgG conjugated to these GPIs. 27325697 5 28 attach derived 701:707 arg1 PrP 714:716 PrP 714:716 PrP(C) 714:719 Isolated GPIs (derived from PrP(C)) were also targeted to synapses, as was IgG conjugated to these GPIs. 27325697 5 28 attach derived 701:707 arg2 GPIs 695:698 Isolated GPIs 686:698 Isolated GPIs (derived from PrP(C)) 686:720 Isolated GPIs (derived from PrP(C)) were also targeted to synapses, as was IgG conjugated to these GPIs. 27325697 3 29 theme lipid 485:489 arg1 composition 502:512 the lipid and glycan composition 481:512 composition 502:512 The targeting of PrP(C) to synapses was dependent upon both neuronal cholesterol concentrations and the lipid and glycan composition of its glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. 27325697 0 30 theme Glycosylphosphatidylinositol 23:50 arg1 Anchor 52:57 the Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchor 19:57 the Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchor 19:57 Sialic Acid within the Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchor Targets the Cellular Prion Protein to Synapses. 27325697 3 31 theme glycosylphosphatidylinositol 521:548 arg1 anchor 556:561 its glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor 517:561 its glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor 517:561 The targeting of PrP(C) to synapses was dependent upon both neuronal cholesterol concentrations and the lipid and glycan composition of its glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. 27325697 8 32 theme homing 1148:1153 arg1 anchor 1104:1109 the sialylated GPI anchor 1085:1109 the sialylated GPI anchor attached to PrP(C) 1085:1128 These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the sialylated GPI anchor attached to PrP(C) acts as a synapse homing signal. 27325697 8 32 theme homing 1148:1153 arg1 signal 1155:1160 a synapse homing signal 1138:1160 a synapse homing signal 1138:1160 These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the sialylated GPI anchor attached to PrP(C) acts as a synapse homing signal. 27325697 2 33 from synapses 310:317 arg1 neurons 332:338 recipient neurons 322:338 recipient neurons derived from Prnp knock-out((0/0)) mice 322:378 Here we demonstrate that exogenous PrP(C) was rapidly targeted to synapses in recipient neurons derived from Prnp knock-out((0/0)) mice. 27325697 2 34 attach derived 340:346 arg1 mice 375:378 Prnp knock-out((0/0)) mice 353:378 Prnp knock-out((0/0)) mice 353:378 Here we demonstrate that exogenous PrP(C) was rapidly targeted to synapses in recipient neurons derived from Prnp knock-out((0/0)) mice. 27325697 2 34 attach derived 340:346 arg2 neurons 332:338 recipient neurons 322:338 recipient neurons derived from Prnp knock-out((0/0)) mice 322:378 Here we demonstrate that exogenous PrP(C) was rapidly targeted to synapses in recipient neurons derived from Prnp knock-out((0/0)) mice. 27325697 1 35 theme cellular 120:127 arg1 protein 135:141 the cellular prion protein 116:141 the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) 116:150 Although the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) is concentrated at synapses, the factors that target PrP(C) to synapses are not understood. 27325697 7 36 theme PrP 1011:1013 arg1 targeting 998:1006 the targeting 994:1006 the targeting of PrP(C) to synapses 994:1028 Competition studies showed that pretreatment with sialylated GPIs prevented the targeting of PrP(C) to synapses. 27325697 1 37 theme prion 129:133 arg1 protein 135:141 the cellular prion protein 116:141 the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) 116:150 Although the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) is concentrated at synapses, the factors that target PrP(C) to synapses are not understood. 27325697 8 38 attach attached 1111:1118 arg1 C 1127:1127 C 1127:1127 C 1127:1127 These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the sialylated GPI anchor attached to PrP(C) acts as a synapse homing signal. 27325697 8 38 attach attached 1111:1118 arg2 anchor 1104:1109 the sialylated GPI anchor 1085:1109 the sialylated GPI anchor attached to PrP(C) 1085:1128 These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the sialylated GPI anchor attached to PrP(C) acts as a synapse homing signal. 27325697 8 38 attach attached 1111:1118 arg1 PrP 1123:1125 PrP 1123:1125 PrP(C) 1123:1128 These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the sialylated GPI anchor attached to PrP(C) acts as a synapse homing signal. 27325697 8 38 attach attached 1111:1118 arg2 signal 1155:1160 a synapse homing signal 1138:1160 a synapse homing signal 1138:1160 These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the sialylated GPI anchor attached to PrP(C) acts as a synapse homing signal. 27325697 8 39 theme sialylated 1089:1098 arg1 anchor 1104:1109 the sialylated GPI anchor 1085:1109 the sialylated GPI anchor attached to PrP(C) 1085:1128 These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the sialylated GPI anchor attached to PrP(C) acts as a synapse homing signal. 27325697 8 39 theme sialylated 1089:1098 arg1 signal 1155:1160 a synapse homing signal 1138:1160 a synapse homing signal 1138:1160 These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the sialylated GPI anchor attached to PrP(C) acts as a synapse homing signal. 27325697 3 40 theme anchor 556:561 arg1 composition 502:512 the lipid and glycan composition 481:512 composition 502:512 The targeting of PrP(C) to synapses was dependent upon both neuronal cholesterol concentrations and the lipid and glycan composition of its glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. 27325697 3 40 theme anchor 556:561 arg1 concentrations 462:475 neuronal cholesterol concentrations 441:475 neuronal cholesterol concentrations 441:475 The targeting of PrP(C) to synapses was dependent upon both neuronal cholesterol concentrations and the lipid and glycan composition of its glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. 27325697 2 41 theme exogenous 269:277 arg1 C 283:283 C 283:283 C 283:283 Here we demonstrate that exogenous PrP(C) was rapidly targeted to synapses in recipient neurons derived from Prnp knock-out((0/0)) mice. 27325697 2 41 theme exogenous 269:277 arg1 PrP 279:281 exogenous PrP 269:281 exogenous PrP(C) 269:284 Here we demonstrate that exogenous PrP(C) was rapidly targeted to synapses in recipient neurons derived from Prnp knock-out((0/0)) mice. 27325697 0 42 theme Prion 80:84 arg1 Protein 86:92 the Cellular Prion Protein 67:92 the Cellular Prion Protein 67:92 Sialic Acid within the Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchor Targets the Cellular Prion Protein to Synapses. 27325697 6 43 theme IgG-GPI 887:893 arg1 conjugate 895:903 the IgG-GPI conjugate 883:903 the IgG-GPI conjugate 883:903 The removal of sialic acid from GPIs prevented the targeting of either the isolated GPIs or the IgG-GPI conjugate to synapses. 27325697 3 44 theme glycan 495:500 arg1 composition 502:512 the lipid and glycan composition 481:512 composition 502:512 The targeting of PrP(C) to synapses was dependent upon both neuronal cholesterol concentrations and the lipid and glycan composition of its glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. 27325697 6 45 theme conjugate 895:903 arg1 targeting 842:850 the targeting 838:850 the targeting of either the isolated GPIs or the IgG-GPI conjugate to synapses 838:915 The removal of sialic acid from GPIs prevented the targeting of either the isolated GPIs or the IgG-GPI conjugate to synapses. 27325697 6 46 theme acid 813:816 arg1 removal 795:801 The removal 791:801 The removal of sialic acid from GPIs 791:826 The removal of sialic acid from GPIs prevented the targeting of either the isolated GPIs or the IgG-GPI conjugate to synapses. 27325697 0 47 theme Cellular 71:78 arg1 Protein 86:92 the Cellular Prion Protein 67:92 the Cellular Prion Protein 67:92 Sialic Acid within the Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchor Targets the Cellular Prion Protein to Synapses. 27325697 4 48 theme PrP 666:668 arg1 targeting 653:661 the targeting 649:661 the targeting of PrP(C) to synapses 649:683 Thus, the removal of either an acyl chain or sialic acid from the GPI anchor reduced the targeting of PrP(C) to synapses. 27325697 5 49 dep IgG 761:763 arg1 was 757:759 was 757:759 was 757:759 Isolated GPIs (derived from PrP(C)) were also targeted to synapses, as was IgG conjugated to these GPIs. 27325697 5 49 dep IgG 761:763 arg1 as 754:755 as 754:755 as 754:755 Isolated GPIs (derived from PrP(C)) were also targeted to synapses, as was IgG conjugated to these GPIs. 27325697 6 50 theme sialic 806:811 arg1 acid 813:816 sialic acid 806:816 sialic acid 806:816 The removal of sialic acid from GPIs prevented the targeting of either the isolated GPIs or the IgG-GPI conjugate to synapses. 27568361 0 0 theme mechanical 103:112 arg1 strength 114:121 tunable mechanical strength 95:121 tunable mechanical strength 95:121 A novel chitosan-tussah silk fibroin/nano-hydroxyapatite composite bone scaffold platform with tunable mechanical strength in a wide range. 27568361 4 1 theme TSF 691:693 arg1 transition 677:686 the conformation transition 660:686 the conformation transition of TSF 660:693 Through in situ inducing the conformation transition of TSF in the CS-TSF/HAp hydrogel, which could be monitored by XRD, FT-IR, TGA, and DTA, the elastic modulus and fracture strength of the final CS-TSF/HAp composite could be tailored in a wide range without changing its composition, morphology, roughness, and crystal structures. 27568361 2 2 theme mechanical 353:362 arg1 strength 364:371 mechanical strength 353:371 mechanical strength 353:371 But the tunability of mechanical strength in a wide range for BTE scaffolds has seldom been investigated in spite of the great importance of this performance. 27568361 0 3 theme tunable 95:101 arg1 strength 114:121 tunable mechanical strength 95:121 tunable mechanical strength 95:121 A novel chitosan-tussah silk fibroin/nano-hydroxyapatite composite bone scaffold platform with tunable mechanical strength in a wide range. 27568361 1 4 theme scaffolds 248:256 arg1 strength 206:213 the mechanical strength 191:213 the mechanical strength of bone tissue engineering (BTE) scaffolds, which are composed of biopolymeric matrices and inorganic nano-fillers 191:328 Currently, great efforts have been made to enhance the mechanical strength of bone tissue engineering (BTE) scaffolds, which are composed of biopolymeric matrices and inorganic nano-fillers. 27568361 7 5 dep In 1195:1196 arg1 vitro 1198:1202 vitro 1198:1202 vitro 1198:1202 In vitro cell culture indicated that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the CS-TSF/HAp composite had positive adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation potential. 27568361 8 6 theme cell 1443:1446 arg1 culture 1448:1454 cell culture 1443:1454 cell culture 1443:1454 We believed that the CS-TSF/HAp composite could be used as an ideal scaffold platform for cell culture and implantation of bone reconstruction. 27568361 4 7 theme final 826:830 arg1 composite 843:851 the final CS-TSF/HAp composite 822:851 the final CS-TSF/HAp composite 822:851 Through in situ inducing the conformation transition of TSF in the CS-TSF/HAp hydrogel, which could be monitored by XRD, FT-IR, TGA, and DTA, the elastic modulus and fracture strength of the final CS-TSF/HAp composite could be tailored in a wide range without changing its composition, morphology, roughness, and crystal structures. 27568361 3 8 theme silk 522:525 arg1 hydrogel 563:570 a chitosan-tussah silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (CS-TSF/HAp) hydrogel 504:570 a chitosan-tussah silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (CS-TSF/HAp) hydrogel 504:570 In this work, a chitosan-tussah silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (CS-TSF/HAp) hydrogel was synthesized by using a novel in situ precipitation method. 27568361 2 9 from tunability 339:348 arg1 range 383:387 a wide range 376:387 a wide range for BTE scaffolds 376:405 But the tunability of mechanical strength in a wide range for BTE scaffolds has seldom been investigated in spite of the great importance of this performance. 27568361 3 10 theme fibroin/hydroxyapatite 527:548 arg1 hydrogel 563:570 a chitosan-tussah silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (CS-TSF/HAp) hydrogel 504:570 a chitosan-tussah silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (CS-TSF/HAp) hydrogel 504:570 In this work, a chitosan-tussah silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (CS-TSF/HAp) hydrogel was synthesized by using a novel in situ precipitation method. 27568361 4 11 theme CS-TSF/HAp 702:711 arg1 hydrogel 713:720 the CS-TSF/HAp hydrogel 698:720 the CS-TSF/HAp hydrogel 698:720 Through in situ inducing the conformation transition of TSF in the CS-TSF/HAp hydrogel, which could be monitored by XRD, FT-IR, TGA, and DTA, the elastic modulus and fracture strength of the final CS-TSF/HAp composite could be tailored in a wide range without changing its composition, morphology, roughness, and crystal structures. 27568361 0 12 theme wide 128:131 arg1 range 133:137 a wide range 126:137 a wide range 126:137 A novel chitosan-tussah silk fibroin/nano-hydroxyapatite composite bone scaffold platform with tunable mechanical strength in a wide range. 27568361 8 13 theme ideal 1415:1419 arg1 platform 1430:1437 an ideal scaffold platform 1412:1437 an ideal scaffold platform for cell culture 1412:1454 We believed that the CS-TSF/HAp composite could be used as an ideal scaffold platform for cell culture and implantation of bone reconstruction. 27568361 8 13 theme ideal 1415:1419 arg1 composite 1385:1393 the CS-TSF/HAp composite 1370:1393 the CS-TSF/HAp composite 1370:1393 We believed that the CS-TSF/HAp composite could be used as an ideal scaffold platform for cell culture and implantation of bone reconstruction. 27568361 8 14 theme bone 1476:1479 arg1 reconstruction 1481:1494 bone reconstruction 1476:1494 bone reconstruction 1476:1494 We believed that the CS-TSF/HAp composite could be used as an ideal scaffold platform for cell culture and implantation of bone reconstruction. 27568361 4 15 theme elastic 781:787 arg1 modulus 789:795 elastic modulus 781:795 elastic modulus 781:795 Through in situ inducing the conformation transition of TSF in the CS-TSF/HAp hydrogel, which could be monitored by XRD, FT-IR, TGA, and DTA, the elastic modulus and fracture strength of the final CS-TSF/HAp composite could be tailored in a wide range without changing its composition, morphology, roughness, and crystal structures. 27568361 3 16 theme chitosan-tussah 506:520 arg1 hydrogel 563:570 a chitosan-tussah silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (CS-TSF/HAp) hydrogel 504:570 a chitosan-tussah silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (CS-TSF/HAp) hydrogel 504:570 In this work, a chitosan-tussah silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (CS-TSF/HAp) hydrogel was synthesized by using a novel in situ precipitation method. 27568361 7 17 theme CS-TSF/HAp 1263:1272 arg1 composite 1274:1282 the CS-TSF/HAp composite 1259:1282 the CS-TSF/HAp composite 1259:1282 In vitro cell culture indicated that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the CS-TSF/HAp composite had positive adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation potential. 27568361 0 18 theme novel 2:6 arg1 scaffold 72:79 A novel chitosan-tussah silk fibroin/nano-hydroxyapatite composite bone scaffold 0:79 A novel chitosan-tussah silk fibroin/nano-hydroxyapatite composite bone scaffold 0:79 A novel chitosan-tussah silk fibroin/nano-hydroxyapatite composite bone scaffold platform with tunable mechanical strength in a wide range. 27568361 4 19 theme fracture 801:808 arg1 strength 810:817 fracture strength 801:817 fracture strength 801:817 Through in situ inducing the conformation transition of TSF in the CS-TSF/HAp hydrogel, which could be monitored by XRD, FT-IR, TGA, and DTA, the elastic modulus and fracture strength of the final CS-TSF/HAp composite could be tailored in a wide range without changing its composition, morphology, roughness, and crystal structures. 27568361 2 20 theme wide 378:381 arg1 range 383:387 a wide range 376:387 a wide range for BTE scaffolds 376:405 But the tunability of mechanical strength in a wide range for BTE scaffolds has seldom been investigated in spite of the great importance of this performance. 27568361 5 21 theme CS-TSF/HAp 995:1004 arg1 composite 1006:1014 the CS-TSF/HAp composite 991:1014 the CS-TSF/HAp composite 991:1014 The elastic modulus of the CS-TSF/HAp composite ranged from ∼250 to ∼400MPa while its fracture strength ranged from ∼45 to ∼100MPa. 27568361 0 22 theme silk 24:27 arg1 scaffold 72:79 A novel chitosan-tussah silk fibroin/nano-hydroxyapatite composite bone scaffold 0:79 A novel chitosan-tussah silk fibroin/nano-hydroxyapatite composite bone scaffold 0:79 A novel chitosan-tussah silk fibroin/nano-hydroxyapatite composite bone scaffold platform with tunable mechanical strength in a wide range. 27568361 8 23 used used 1404:1407 arg2 composite 1385:1393 the CS-TSF/HAp composite 1370:1393 the CS-TSF/HAp composite 1370:1393 We believed that the CS-TSF/HAp composite could be used as an ideal scaffold platform for cell culture and implantation of bone reconstruction. 27568361 8 23 used used 1404:1407 arg2 implantation 1460:1471 implantation 1460:1471 implantation of bone reconstruction 1460:1494 We believed that the CS-TSF/HAp composite could be used as an ideal scaffold platform for cell culture and implantation of bone reconstruction. 27568361 8 23 used used 1404:1407 arg2 platform 1430:1437 an ideal scaffold platform 1412:1437 an ideal scaffold platform for cell culture 1412:1454 We believed that the CS-TSF/HAp composite could be used as an ideal scaffold platform for cell culture and implantation of bone reconstruction. 27568361 7 24 theme differentiation 1326:1340 arg1 potential 1342:1350 differentiation potential 1326:1350 differentiation potential 1326:1350 In vitro cell culture indicated that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the CS-TSF/HAp composite had positive adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation potential. 27568361 1 25 theme mechanical 195:204 arg1 strength 206:213 the mechanical strength 191:213 the mechanical strength of bone tissue engineering (BTE) scaffolds, which are composed of biopolymeric matrices and inorganic nano-fillers 191:328 Currently, great efforts have been made to enhance the mechanical strength of bone tissue engineering (BTE) scaffolds, which are composed of biopolymeric matrices and inorganic nano-fillers. 27568361 0 26 theme chitosan-tussah 8:22 arg1 scaffold 72:79 A novel chitosan-tussah silk fibroin/nano-hydroxyapatite composite bone scaffold 0:79 A novel chitosan-tussah silk fibroin/nano-hydroxyapatite composite bone scaffold 0:79 A novel chitosan-tussah silk fibroin/nano-hydroxyapatite composite bone scaffold platform with tunable mechanical strength in a wide range. 27568361 5 27 theme composite 1006:1014 arg1 modulus 980:986 The elastic modulus 968:986 The elastic modulus of the CS-TSF/HAp composite 968:1014 The elastic modulus of the CS-TSF/HAp composite ranged from ∼250 to ∼400MPa while its fracture strength ranged from ∼45 to ∼100MPa. 27568361 3 28 theme CS-TSF/HAp 551:560 arg1 hydrogel 563:570 a chitosan-tussah silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (CS-TSF/HAp) hydrogel 504:570 a chitosan-tussah silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (CS-TSF/HAp) hydrogel 504:570 In this work, a chitosan-tussah silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (CS-TSF/HAp) hydrogel was synthesized by using a novel in situ precipitation method. 27568361 0 29 theme composite 57:65 arg1 scaffold 72:79 A novel chitosan-tussah silk fibroin/nano-hydroxyapatite composite bone scaffold 0:79 A novel chitosan-tussah silk fibroin/nano-hydroxyapatite composite bone scaffold 0:79 A novel chitosan-tussah silk fibroin/nano-hydroxyapatite composite bone scaffold platform with tunable mechanical strength in a wide range. 27568361 1 30 theme biopolymeric 281:292 arg1 matrices 294:301 biopolymeric matrices 281:301 biopolymeric matrices 281:301 Currently, great efforts have been made to enhance the mechanical strength of bone tissue engineering (BTE) scaffolds, which are composed of biopolymeric matrices and inorganic nano-fillers. 27568361 4 31 theme wide 876:879 arg1 range 881:885 a wide range 874:885 a wide range 874:885 Through in situ inducing the conformation transition of TSF in the CS-TSF/HAp hydrogel, which could be monitored by XRD, FT-IR, TGA, and DTA, the elastic modulus and fracture strength of the final CS-TSF/HAp composite could be tailored in a wide range without changing its composition, morphology, roughness, and crystal structures. 27568361 6 32 theme speculative 1157:1167 arg1 explanation 1169:1179 a speculative explanation 1155:1179 a speculative explanation 1155:1179 In order to clarify the rationale behind this process, a speculative explanation was provided. 27568361 3 33 dep in 605:606 arg1 situ 608:611 situ 608:611 situ 608:611 In this work, a chitosan-tussah silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (CS-TSF/HAp) hydrogel was synthesized by using a novel in situ precipitation method. 27568361 2 34 theme great 452:456 arg1 importance 458:467 the great importance 448:467 the great importance of this performance 448:487 But the tunability of mechanical strength in a wide range for BTE scaffolds has seldom been investigated in spite of the great importance of this performance. 27568361 0 35 theme fibroin/nano-hydroxyapatite 29:55 arg1 scaffold 72:79 A novel chitosan-tussah silk fibroin/nano-hydroxyapatite composite bone scaffold 0:79 A novel chitosan-tussah silk fibroin/nano-hydroxyapatite composite bone scaffold 0:79 A novel chitosan-tussah silk fibroin/nano-hydroxyapatite composite bone scaffold platform with tunable mechanical strength in a wide range. 27568361 3 36 theme precipitation 613:625 arg1 method 627:632 a novel in situ precipitation method 597:632 a novel in situ precipitation method 597:632 In this work, a chitosan-tussah silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (CS-TSF/HAp) hydrogel was synthesized by using a novel in situ precipitation method. 27568361 4 37 dep modulus 789:795 arg1 the 777:779 the 777:779 the 777:779 Through in situ inducing the conformation transition of TSF in the CS-TSF/HAp hydrogel, which could be monitored by XRD, FT-IR, TGA, and DTA, the elastic modulus and fracture strength of the final CS-TSF/HAp composite could be tailored in a wide range without changing its composition, morphology, roughness, and crystal structures. 27568361 2 38 theme BTE 393:395 arg1 scaffolds 397:405 BTE scaffolds 393:405 BTE scaffolds 393:405 But the tunability of mechanical strength in a wide range for BTE scaffolds has seldom been investigated in spite of the great importance of this performance. 27568361 4 39 theme crystal 948:954 arg1 structures 956:965 crystal structures 948:965 crystal structures 948:965 Through in situ inducing the conformation transition of TSF in the CS-TSF/HAp hydrogel, which could be monitored by XRD, FT-IR, TGA, and DTA, the elastic modulus and fracture strength of the final CS-TSF/HAp composite could be tailored in a wide range without changing its composition, morphology, roughness, and crystal structures. 27568361 4 40 theme composite 843:851 arg1 modulus 789:795 elastic modulus 781:795 elastic modulus 781:795 Through in situ inducing the conformation transition of TSF in the CS-TSF/HAp hydrogel, which could be monitored by XRD, FT-IR, TGA, and DTA, the elastic modulus and fracture strength of the final CS-TSF/HAp composite could be tailored in a wide range without changing its composition, morphology, roughness, and crystal structures. 27568361 4 40 theme composite 843:851 arg1 strength 810:817 fracture strength 801:817 fracture strength 801:817 Through in situ inducing the conformation transition of TSF in the CS-TSF/HAp hydrogel, which could be monitored by XRD, FT-IR, TGA, and DTA, the elastic modulus and fracture strength of the final CS-TSF/HAp composite could be tailored in a wide range without changing its composition, morphology, roughness, and crystal structures. 27568361 8 41 theme reconstruction 1481:1494 arg1 implantation 1460:1471 implantation 1460:1471 implantation of bone reconstruction 1460:1494 We believed that the CS-TSF/HAp composite could be used as an ideal scaffold platform for cell culture and implantation of bone reconstruction. 27568361 8 41 theme reconstruction 1481:1494 arg1 platform 1430:1437 an ideal scaffold platform 1412:1437 an ideal scaffold platform for cell culture 1412:1454 We believed that the CS-TSF/HAp composite could be used as an ideal scaffold platform for cell culture and implantation of bone reconstruction. 27568361 8 41 theme reconstruction 1481:1494 arg1 composite 1385:1393 the CS-TSF/HAp composite 1370:1393 the CS-TSF/HAp composite 1370:1393 We believed that the CS-TSF/HAp composite could be used as an ideal scaffold platform for cell culture and implantation of bone reconstruction. 27568361 7 42 theme cell 1204:1207 arg1 culture 1209:1215 In vitro cell culture 1195:1215 In vitro cell culture 1195:1215 In vitro cell culture indicated that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the CS-TSF/HAp composite had positive adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation potential. 27568361 0 43 theme bone 67:70 arg1 scaffold 72:79 A novel chitosan-tussah silk fibroin/nano-hydroxyapatite composite bone scaffold 0:79 A novel chitosan-tussah silk fibroin/nano-hydroxyapatite composite bone scaffold 0:79 A novel chitosan-tussah silk fibroin/nano-hydroxyapatite composite bone scaffold platform with tunable mechanical strength in a wide range. 27568361 1 44 theme inorganic 307:315 arg1 nano-fillers 317:328 inorganic nano-fillers 307:328 inorganic nano-fillers 307:328 Currently, great efforts have been made to enhance the mechanical strength of bone tissue engineering (BTE) scaffolds, which are composed of biopolymeric matrices and inorganic nano-fillers. 27568361 4 45 theme CS-TSF/HAp 832:841 arg1 composite 843:851 the final CS-TSF/HAp composite 822:851 the final CS-TSF/HAp composite 822:851 Through in situ inducing the conformation transition of TSF in the CS-TSF/HAp hydrogel, which could be monitored by XRD, FT-IR, TGA, and DTA, the elastic modulus and fracture strength of the final CS-TSF/HAp composite could be tailored in a wide range without changing its composition, morphology, roughness, and crystal structures. 27568361 5 46 theme elastic 972:978 arg1 modulus 980:986 The elastic modulus 968:986 The elastic modulus of the CS-TSF/HAp composite 968:1014 The elastic modulus of the CS-TSF/HAp composite ranged from ∼250 to ∼400MPa while its fracture strength ranged from ∼45 to ∼100MPa. 27568361 7 47 theme positive 1288:1295 arg1 adhesion 1297:1304 positive adhesion 1288:1304 positive adhesion 1288:1304 In vitro cell culture indicated that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the CS-TSF/HAp composite had positive adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation potential. 27568361 3 48 theme in 605:606 arg1 method 627:632 a novel in situ precipitation method 597:632 a novel in situ precipitation method 597:632 In this work, a chitosan-tussah silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (CS-TSF/HAp) hydrogel was synthesized by using a novel in situ precipitation method. 27568361 7 49 theme In 1195:1196 arg1 culture 1209:1215 In vitro cell culture 1195:1215 In vitro cell culture 1195:1215 In vitro cell culture indicated that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the CS-TSF/HAp composite had positive adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation potential. 27568361 1 50 theme tissue 223:228 arg1 BTE 243:245 BTE 243:245 BTE 243:245 Currently, great efforts have been made to enhance the mechanical strength of bone tissue engineering (BTE) scaffolds, which are composed of biopolymeric matrices and inorganic nano-fillers. 27568361 1 50 theme tissue 223:228 arg1 engineering 230:240 bone tissue engineering 218:240 bone tissue engineering (BTE) scaffolds 218:256 Currently, great efforts have been made to enhance the mechanical strength of bone tissue engineering (BTE) scaffolds, which are composed of biopolymeric matrices and inorganic nano-fillers. 27568361 8 51 theme scaffold 1421:1428 arg1 platform 1430:1437 an ideal scaffold platform 1412:1437 an ideal scaffold platform for cell culture 1412:1454 We believed that the CS-TSF/HAp composite could be used as an ideal scaffold platform for cell culture and implantation of bone reconstruction. 27568361 8 51 theme scaffold 1421:1428 arg1 composite 1385:1393 the CS-TSF/HAp composite 1370:1393 the CS-TSF/HAp composite 1370:1393 We believed that the CS-TSF/HAp composite could be used as an ideal scaffold platform for cell culture and implantation of bone reconstruction. 27568361 7 52 contain had 1284:1286 arg2 proliferation 1307:1319 proliferation 1307:1319 proliferation 1307:1319 In vitro cell culture indicated that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the CS-TSF/HAp composite had positive adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation potential. 27568361 7 52 contain had 1284:1286 arg1 cells 1241:1245 MC3T3-E1 cells 1232:1245 MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the CS-TSF/HAp composite 1232:1282 In vitro cell culture indicated that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the CS-TSF/HAp composite had positive adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation potential. 27568361 7 52 contain had 1284:1286 arg2 adhesion 1297:1304 positive adhesion 1288:1304 positive adhesion 1288:1304 In vitro cell culture indicated that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the CS-TSF/HAp composite had positive adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation potential. 27568361 7 52 contain had 1284:1286 arg2 potential 1342:1350 differentiation potential 1326:1350 differentiation potential 1326:1350 In vitro cell culture indicated that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the CS-TSF/HAp composite had positive adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation potential. 27568361 4 53 theme conformation 664:675 arg1 transition 677:686 the conformation transition 660:686 the conformation transition of TSF 660:693 Through in situ inducing the conformation transition of TSF in the CS-TSF/HAp hydrogel, which could be monitored by XRD, FT-IR, TGA, and DTA, the elastic modulus and fracture strength of the final CS-TSF/HAp composite could be tailored in a wide range without changing its composition, morphology, roughness, and crystal structures. 27568361 1 54 theme engineering 230:240 arg1 scaffolds 248:256 bone tissue engineering (BTE) scaffolds 218:256 bone tissue engineering (BTE) scaffolds 218:256 Currently, great efforts have been made to enhance the mechanical strength of bone tissue engineering (BTE) scaffolds, which are composed of biopolymeric matrices and inorganic nano-fillers. 27568361 1 55 theme bone 218:221 arg1 BTE 243:245 BTE 243:245 BTE 243:245 Currently, great efforts have been made to enhance the mechanical strength of bone tissue engineering (BTE) scaffolds, which are composed of biopolymeric matrices and inorganic nano-fillers. 27568361 1 55 theme bone 218:221 arg1 engineering 230:240 bone tissue engineering 218:240 bone tissue engineering (BTE) scaffolds 218:256 Currently, great efforts have been made to enhance the mechanical strength of bone tissue engineering (BTE) scaffolds, which are composed of biopolymeric matrices and inorganic nano-fillers. 27568361 8 56 theme CS-TSF/HAp 1374:1383 arg1 implantation 1460:1471 implantation 1460:1471 implantation of bone reconstruction 1460:1494 We believed that the CS-TSF/HAp composite could be used as an ideal scaffold platform for cell culture and implantation of bone reconstruction. 27568361 8 56 theme CS-TSF/HAp 1374:1383 arg1 composite 1385:1393 the CS-TSF/HAp composite 1370:1393 the CS-TSF/HAp composite 1370:1393 We believed that the CS-TSF/HAp composite could be used as an ideal scaffold platform for cell culture and implantation of bone reconstruction. 27568361 8 56 theme CS-TSF/HAp 1374:1383 arg1 platform 1430:1437 an ideal scaffold platform 1412:1437 an ideal scaffold platform for cell culture 1412:1454 We believed that the CS-TSF/HAp composite could be used as an ideal scaffold platform for cell culture and implantation of bone reconstruction. 27568361 7 57 theme MC3T3-E1 1232:1239 arg1 cells 1241:1245 MC3T3-E1 cells 1232:1245 MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the CS-TSF/HAp composite 1232:1282 In vitro cell culture indicated that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the CS-TSF/HAp composite had positive adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation potential. 27568361 1 58 theme great 151:155 arg1 efforts 157:163 great efforts 151:163 great efforts 151:163 Currently, great efforts have been made to enhance the mechanical strength of bone tissue engineering (BTE) scaffolds, which are composed of biopolymeric matrices and inorganic nano-fillers. 27568361 2 59 theme performance 477:487 arg1 importance 458:467 the great importance 448:467 the great importance of this performance 448:487 But the tunability of mechanical strength in a wide range for BTE scaffolds has seldom been investigated in spite of the great importance of this performance. 27568361 5 60 theme fracture 1054:1061 arg1 strength 1063:1070 its fracture strength 1050:1070 its fracture strength 1050:1070 The elastic modulus of the CS-TSF/HAp composite ranged from ∼250 to ∼400MPa while its fracture strength ranged from ∼45 to ∼100MPa. 27568361 3 61 theme novel 599:603 arg1 method 627:632 a novel in situ precipitation method 597:632 a novel in situ precipitation method 597:632 In this work, a chitosan-tussah silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (CS-TSF/HAp) hydrogel was synthesized by using a novel in situ precipitation method. 27568361 2 62 theme strength 364:371 arg1 tunability 339:348 the tunability 335:348 the tunability of mechanical strength in a wide range for BTE scaffolds 335:405 But the tunability of mechanical strength in a wide range for BTE scaffolds has seldom been investigated in spite of the great importance of this performance. 25906257 0 0 theme Porous 105:110 arg1 Silica 112:117 Porous Silica 105:117 Porous Silica 105:117 Separation of Microcystin-LR by Cyclodextrin-Functionalized Magnetic Composite of Colloidal Graphene and Porous Silica. 25906257 4 1 theme microcystin-LR 791:804 arg1 separation 777:786 easier separation 770:786 easier separation of microcystin-LR from water 770:815 We have synthesized cyclodextrin-functionalized magnetic composite of colloidal graphene and porous silica where the cyclodextrin component offers host-guest interaction with microcystin-LR and the magnetic component offers easier separation of microcystin-LR from water. 25906257 5 2 theme groups 876:881 arg1 extent 846:851 large extent 840:851 large extent of chemical functional groups 840:881 High surface area and large extent of chemical functional groups offer high loading (up to 18 wt %) of cyclodextrin with these nanocomposites, and the dispersible form of the nanocomposite offers easier accessibility of cyclodextrin to microcystin-LR. 25906257 5 2 theme groups 876:881 arg1 area 831:834 High surface area 818:834 High surface area 818:834 High surface area and large extent of chemical functional groups offer high loading (up to 18 wt %) of cyclodextrin with these nanocomposites, and the dispersible form of the nanocomposite offers easier accessibility of cyclodextrin to microcystin-LR. 25906257 6 3 theme tested 1213:1218 arg1 cyclodextrins 1220:1232 all the tested cyclodextrins 1205:1232 all the tested cyclodextrins 1205:1232 We have shown that microcystin-LR separation efficiency is significantly enhanced after functionalization with cyclodextrin, and among all the tested cyclodextrins, γ-cyclodextrin offers the best performance. 25906257 6 4 theme separation 1104:1113 arg1 efficiency 1115:1124 microcystin-LR separation efficiency 1089:1124 microcystin-LR separation efficiency 1089:1124 We have shown that microcystin-LR separation efficiency is significantly enhanced after functionalization with cyclodextrin, and among all the tested cyclodextrins, γ-cyclodextrin offers the best performance. 25906257 7 5 theme porous 1363:1368 arg1 nanocomposite 1383:1395 porous silica-based nanocomposite 1363:1395 porous silica-based nanocomposite due to better accessibility of cyclodextrins for interaction with microcystin-LR 1363:1476 We have also found that graphene-based nanocomposite offers better performance over porous silica-based nanocomposite due to better accessibility of cyclodextrins for interaction with microcystin-LR. 25906257 4 6 theme cyclodextrin-functionalized 566:592 arg1 composite 603:611 cyclodextrin-functionalized magnetic composite 566:611 cyclodextrin-functionalized magnetic composite of colloidal graphene 566:633 We have synthesized cyclodextrin-functionalized magnetic composite of colloidal graphene and porous silica where the cyclodextrin component offers host-guest interaction with microcystin-LR and the magnetic component offers easier separation of microcystin-LR from water. 25906257 4 6 theme cyclodextrin-functionalized 566:592 arg1 graphene 626:633 colloidal graphene 616:633 colloidal graphene 616:633 We have synthesized cyclodextrin-functionalized magnetic composite of colloidal graphene and porous silica where the cyclodextrin component offers host-guest interaction with microcystin-LR and the magnetic component offers easier separation of microcystin-LR from water. 25906257 8 7 theme functional 1507:1516 arg1 friendly 1547:1554 environment friendly 1535:1554 environment friendly 1535:1554 The proposed graphene-based functional nanocomposite is environment friendly, reusable, and applicable for advanced water purification. 25906257 8 7 theme functional 1507:1516 arg1 nanocomposite 1518:1530 The proposed graphene-based functional nanocomposite 1479:1530 The proposed graphene-based functional nanocomposite 1479:1530 The proposed graphene-based functional nanocomposite is environment friendly, reusable, and applicable for advanced water purification. 25906257 2 8 with contamination 302:314 arg1 microcystin-LR 339:352 microcystin-LR 339:352 microcystin-LR 339:352 Existence of cyanobacteria in water bodies leads to the contamination of drinking water with microcystin-LR and thus their separation is essential for an advanced water purification system. 25906257 7 9 theme better 1339:1344 arg1 performance 1346:1356 better performance 1339:1356 better performance 1339:1356 We have also found that graphene-based nanocomposite offers better performance over porous silica-based nanocomposite due to better accessibility of cyclodextrins for interaction with microcystin-LR. 25906257 8 10 theme environment 1535:1545 arg1 friendly 1547:1554 environment friendly 1535:1554 environment friendly 1535:1554 The proposed graphene-based functional nanocomposite is environment friendly, reusable, and applicable for advanced water purification. 25906257 8 10 theme environment 1535:1545 arg1 nanocomposite 1518:1530 The proposed graphene-based functional nanocomposite 1479:1530 The proposed graphene-based functional nanocomposite 1479:1530 The proposed graphene-based functional nanocomposite is environment friendly, reusable, and applicable for advanced water purification. 25906257 0 11 theme Silica 112:117 arg1 Composite 69:77 Cyclodextrin-Functionalized Magnetic Composite 32:77 Cyclodextrin-Functionalized Magnetic Composite of Colloidal Graphene and Porous Silica 32:117 Separation of Microcystin-LR by Cyclodextrin-Functionalized Magnetic Composite of Colloidal Graphene and Porous Silica. 25906257 0 11 theme Silica 112:117 arg1 Graphene 92:99 Colloidal Graphene 82:99 Colloidal Graphene 82:99 Separation of Microcystin-LR by Cyclodextrin-Functionalized Magnetic Composite of Colloidal Graphene and Porous Silica. 25906257 0 11 theme Silica 112:117 arg1 Silica 112:117 Porous Silica 105:117 Porous Silica 105:117 Separation of Microcystin-LR by Cyclodextrin-Functionalized Magnetic Composite of Colloidal Graphene and Porous Silica. 25906257 5 12 dep 18 909:910 arg1 to 906:907 to 906:907 to 906:907 High surface area and large extent of chemical functional groups offer high loading (up to 18 wt %) of cyclodextrin with these nanocomposites, and the dispersible form of the nanocomposite offers easier accessibility of cyclodextrin to microcystin-LR. 25906257 7 13 theme due 1397:1399 arg1 nanocomposite 1383:1395 porous silica-based nanocomposite 1363:1395 porous silica-based nanocomposite due to better accessibility of cyclodextrins for interaction with microcystin-LR 1363:1476 We have also found that graphene-based nanocomposite offers better performance over porous silica-based nanocomposite due to better accessibility of cyclodextrins for interaction with microcystin-LR. 25906257 4 14 from separation 777:786 arg1 water 811:815 water 811:815 water 811:815 We have synthesized cyclodextrin-functionalized magnetic composite of colloidal graphene and porous silica where the cyclodextrin component offers host-guest interaction with microcystin-LR and the magnetic component offers easier separation of microcystin-LR from water. 25906257 4 15 theme cyclodextrin 663:674 arg1 component 676:684 the cyclodextrin component 659:684 the cyclodextrin component 659:684 We have synthesized cyclodextrin-functionalized magnetic composite of colloidal graphene and porous silica where the cyclodextrin component offers host-guest interaction with microcystin-LR and the magnetic component offers easier separation of microcystin-LR from water. 25906257 5 16 theme cyclodextrin 921:932 arg1 loading 894:900 high loading 889:900 high loading (up to 18 wt %) of cyclodextrin with these nanocomposites 889:958 High surface area and large extent of chemical functional groups offer high loading (up to 18 wt %) of cyclodextrin with these nanocomposites, and the dispersible form of the nanocomposite offers easier accessibility of cyclodextrin to microcystin-LR. 25906257 5 16 theme cyclodextrin 921:932 arg1 % 915:915 up to 18 wt % 903:915 up to 18 wt % 903:915 High surface area and large extent of chemical functional groups offer high loading (up to 18 wt %) of cyclodextrin with these nanocomposites, and the dispersible form of the nanocomposite offers easier accessibility of cyclodextrin to microcystin-LR. 25906257 7 17 theme better 1404:1409 arg1 accessibility 1411:1423 better accessibility 1404:1423 better accessibility of cyclodextrins for interaction with microcystin-LR 1404:1476 We have also found that graphene-based nanocomposite offers better performance over porous silica-based nanocomposite due to better accessibility of cyclodextrins for interaction with microcystin-LR. 25906257 2 18 theme water 409:413 arg1 system 428:433 an advanced water purification system 397:433 an advanced water purification system 397:433 Existence of cyanobacteria in water bodies leads to the contamination of drinking water with microcystin-LR and thus their separation is essential for an advanced water purification system. 25906257 5 19 theme high 889:892 arg1 loading 894:900 high loading 889:900 high loading (up to 18 wt %) of cyclodextrin with these nanocomposites 889:958 High surface area and large extent of chemical functional groups offer high loading (up to 18 wt %) of cyclodextrin with these nanocomposites, and the dispersible form of the nanocomposite offers easier accessibility of cyclodextrin to microcystin-LR. 25906257 5 19 theme high 889:892 arg1 % 915:915 up to 18 wt % 903:915 up to 18 wt % 903:915 High surface area and large extent of chemical functional groups offer high loading (up to 18 wt %) of cyclodextrin with these nanocomposites, and the dispersible form of the nanocomposite offers easier accessibility of cyclodextrin to microcystin-LR. 25906257 5 20 with loading 894:900 arg1 nanocomposites 945:958 these nanocomposites 939:958 these nanocomposites 939:958 High surface area and large extent of chemical functional groups offer high loading (up to 18 wt %) of cyclodextrin with these nanocomposites, and the dispersible form of the nanocomposite offers easier accessibility of cyclodextrin to microcystin-LR. 25906257 2 21 from Existence 246:254 arg1 bodies 282:287 water bodies 276:287 water bodies 276:287 Existence of cyanobacteria in water bodies leads to the contamination of drinking water with microcystin-LR and thus their separation is essential for an advanced water purification system. 25906257 2 22 theme advanced 400:407 arg1 system 428:433 an advanced water purification system 397:433 an advanced water purification system 397:433 Existence of cyanobacteria in water bodies leads to the contamination of drinking water with microcystin-LR and thus their separation is essential for an advanced water purification system. 25906257 5 23 theme chemical 856:863 arg1 groups 876:881 chemical functional groups 856:881 chemical functional groups 856:881 High surface area and large extent of chemical functional groups offer high loading (up to 18 wt %) of cyclodextrin with these nanocomposites, and the dispersible form of the nanocomposite offers easier accessibility of cyclodextrin to microcystin-LR. 25906257 2 24 theme water 328:332 arg1 contamination 302:314 the contamination 298:314 the contamination of drinking water with microcystin-LR 298:352 Existence of cyanobacteria in water bodies leads to the contamination of drinking water with microcystin-LR and thus their separation is essential for an advanced water purification system. 25906257 7 25 theme cyclodextrins 1428:1440 arg1 accessibility 1411:1423 better accessibility 1404:1423 better accessibility of cyclodextrins for interaction with microcystin-LR 1404:1476 We have also found that graphene-based nanocomposite offers better performance over porous silica-based nanocomposite due to better accessibility of cyclodextrins for interaction with microcystin-LR. 25906257 7 26 theme graphene-based 1303:1316 arg1 nanocomposite 1318:1330 graphene-based nanocomposite 1303:1330 graphene-based nanocomposite 1303:1330 We have also found that graphene-based nanocomposite offers better performance over porous silica-based nanocomposite due to better accessibility of cyclodextrins for interaction with microcystin-LR. 25906257 7 27 with interaction 1446:1456 arg1 microcystin-LR 1463:1476 microcystin-LR 1463:1476 microcystin-LR 1463:1476 We have also found that graphene-based nanocomposite offers better performance over porous silica-based nanocomposite due to better accessibility of cyclodextrins for interaction with microcystin-LR. 25906257 3 28 from water 539:543 arg1 separation 492:501 functional nanocomposite-based selective separation 451:501 functional nanocomposite-based selective separation of microcystin-LR from contaminated water 451:543 Here we report functional nanocomposite-based selective separation of microcystin-LR from contaminated water. 25906257 2 29 theme drinking 319:326 arg1 water 328:332 drinking water 319:332 drinking water 319:332 Existence of cyanobacteria in water bodies leads to the contamination of drinking water with microcystin-LR and thus their separation is essential for an advanced water purification system. 25906257 4 30 theme easier 770:775 arg1 separation 777:786 easier separation 770:786 easier separation of microcystin-LR from water 770:815 We have synthesized cyclodextrin-functionalized magnetic composite of colloidal graphene and porous silica where the cyclodextrin component offers host-guest interaction with microcystin-LR and the magnetic component offers easier separation of microcystin-LR from water. 25906257 5 31 theme wt 912:913 arg1 loading 894:900 high loading 889:900 high loading (up to 18 wt %) of cyclodextrin with these nanocomposites 889:958 High surface area and large extent of chemical functional groups offer high loading (up to 18 wt %) of cyclodextrin with these nanocomposites, and the dispersible form of the nanocomposite offers easier accessibility of cyclodextrin to microcystin-LR. 25906257 5 31 theme wt 912:913 arg1 % 915:915 up to 18 wt % 903:915 up to 18 wt % 903:915 High surface area and large extent of chemical functional groups offer high loading (up to 18 wt %) of cyclodextrin with these nanocomposites, and the dispersible form of the nanocomposite offers easier accessibility of cyclodextrin to microcystin-LR. 25906257 4 32 theme graphene 626:633 arg1 composite 603:611 cyclodextrin-functionalized magnetic composite 566:611 cyclodextrin-functionalized magnetic composite of colloidal graphene 566:633 We have synthesized cyclodextrin-functionalized magnetic composite of colloidal graphene and porous silica where the cyclodextrin component offers host-guest interaction with microcystin-LR and the magnetic component offers easier separation of microcystin-LR from water. 25906257 4 32 theme graphene 626:633 arg1 graphene 626:633 colloidal graphene 616:633 colloidal graphene 616:633 We have synthesized cyclodextrin-functionalized magnetic composite of colloidal graphene and porous silica where the cyclodextrin component offers host-guest interaction with microcystin-LR and the magnetic component offers easier separation of microcystin-LR from water. 25906257 4 32 theme graphene 626:633 arg1 silica 646:651 porous silica 639:651 porous silica where the cyclodextrin component offers host-guest interaction with microcystin-LR and the magnetic component offers easier separation of microcystin-LR from water 639:815 We have synthesized cyclodextrin-functionalized magnetic composite of colloidal graphene and porous silica where the cyclodextrin component offers host-guest interaction with microcystin-LR and the magnetic component offers easier separation of microcystin-LR from water. 25906257 5 33 theme easier 1014:1019 arg1 accessibility 1021:1033 easier accessibility 1014:1033 easier accessibility of cyclodextrin to microcystin-LR 1014:1067 High surface area and large extent of chemical functional groups offer high loading (up to 18 wt %) of cyclodextrin with these nanocomposites, and the dispersible form of the nanocomposite offers easier accessibility of cyclodextrin to microcystin-LR. 25906257 1 34 dep microcystins 160:171 arg1 produced 173:180 produced 173:180 produced by cyanobacteria 173:197 Microcystin-LR belongs to the family of microcystins produced by cyanobacteria and known to be the most toxic of this family. 25906257 1 34 dep microcystins 160:171 arg1 known 203:207 known 203:207 known to be the most toxic of this family 203:243 Microcystin-LR belongs to the family of microcystins produced by cyanobacteria and known to be the most toxic of this family. 25906257 0 35 theme Microcystin-LR 14:27 arg1 Separation 0:9 Separation 0:9 Separation of Microcystin-LR by Cyclodextrin-Functionalized Magnetic Composite of Colloidal Graphene and Porous Silica. 0:118 Separation of Microcystin-LR by Cyclodextrin-Functionalized Magnetic Composite of Colloidal Graphene and Porous Silica. 25906257 5 36 theme High 818:821 arg1 area 831:834 High surface area 818:834 High surface area 818:834 High surface area and large extent of chemical functional groups offer high loading (up to 18 wt %) of cyclodextrin with these nanocomposites, and the dispersible form of the nanocomposite offers easier accessibility of cyclodextrin to microcystin-LR. 25906257 3 37 theme microcystin-LR 506:519 arg1 separation 492:501 functional nanocomposite-based selective separation 451:501 functional nanocomposite-based selective separation of microcystin-LR from contaminated water 451:543 Here we report functional nanocomposite-based selective separation of microcystin-LR from contaminated water. 25906257 0 38 theme Magnetic 60:67 arg1 Composite 69:77 Cyclodextrin-Functionalized Magnetic Composite 32:77 Cyclodextrin-Functionalized Magnetic Composite of Colloidal Graphene and Porous Silica 32:117 Separation of Microcystin-LR by Cyclodextrin-Functionalized Magnetic Composite of Colloidal Graphene and Porous Silica. 25906257 0 38 theme Magnetic 60:67 arg1 Graphene 92:99 Colloidal Graphene 82:99 Colloidal Graphene 82:99 Separation of Microcystin-LR by Cyclodextrin-Functionalized Magnetic Composite of Colloidal Graphene and Porous Silica. 25906257 0 38 theme Magnetic 60:67 arg1 Silica 112:117 Porous Silica 105:117 Porous Silica 105:117 Separation of Microcystin-LR by Cyclodextrin-Functionalized Magnetic Composite of Colloidal Graphene and Porous Silica. 25906257 4 39 theme porous 639:644 arg1 silica 646:651 porous silica 639:651 porous silica where the cyclodextrin component offers host-guest interaction with microcystin-LR and the magnetic component offers easier separation of microcystin-LR from water 639:815 We have synthesized cyclodextrin-functionalized magnetic composite of colloidal graphene and porous silica where the cyclodextrin component offers host-guest interaction with microcystin-LR and the magnetic component offers easier separation of microcystin-LR from water. 25906257 5 40 theme surface 823:829 arg1 area 831:834 High surface area 818:834 High surface area 818:834 High surface area and large extent of chemical functional groups offer high loading (up to 18 wt %) of cyclodextrin with these nanocomposites, and the dispersible form of the nanocomposite offers easier accessibility of cyclodextrin to microcystin-LR. 25906257 4 41 theme magnetic 744:751 arg1 component 753:761 the magnetic component 740:761 the magnetic component 740:761 We have synthesized cyclodextrin-functionalized magnetic composite of colloidal graphene and porous silica where the cyclodextrin component offers host-guest interaction with microcystin-LR and the magnetic component offers easier separation of microcystin-LR from water. 25906257 8 42 theme advanced 1586:1593 arg1 purification 1601:1612 advanced water purification 1586:1612 advanced water purification 1586:1612 The proposed graphene-based functional nanocomposite is environment friendly, reusable, and applicable for advanced water purification. 25906257 3 43 theme selective 482:490 arg1 separation 492:501 functional nanocomposite-based selective separation 451:501 functional nanocomposite-based selective separation of microcystin-LR from contaminated water 451:543 Here we report functional nanocomposite-based selective separation of microcystin-LR from contaminated water. 25906257 0 44 theme Cyclodextrin-Functionalized 32:58 arg1 Composite 69:77 Cyclodextrin-Functionalized Magnetic Composite 32:77 Cyclodextrin-Functionalized Magnetic Composite of Colloidal Graphene and Porous Silica 32:117 Separation of Microcystin-LR by Cyclodextrin-Functionalized Magnetic Composite of Colloidal Graphene and Porous Silica. 25906257 0 44 theme Cyclodextrin-Functionalized 32:58 arg1 Graphene 92:99 Colloidal Graphene 82:99 Colloidal Graphene 82:99 Separation of Microcystin-LR by Cyclodextrin-Functionalized Magnetic Composite of Colloidal Graphene and Porous Silica. 25906257 0 44 theme Cyclodextrin-Functionalized 32:58 arg1 Silica 112:117 Porous Silica 105:117 Porous Silica 105:117 Separation of Microcystin-LR by Cyclodextrin-Functionalized Magnetic Composite of Colloidal Graphene and Porous Silica. 25906257 6 45 theme microcystin-LR 1089:1102 arg1 efficiency 1115:1124 microcystin-LR separation efficiency 1089:1124 microcystin-LR separation efficiency 1089:1124 We have shown that microcystin-LR separation efficiency is significantly enhanced after functionalization with cyclodextrin, and among all the tested cyclodextrins, γ-cyclodextrin offers the best performance. 25906257 8 46 theme proposed 1483:1490 arg1 friendly 1547:1554 environment friendly 1535:1554 environment friendly 1535:1554 The proposed graphene-based functional nanocomposite is environment friendly, reusable, and applicable for advanced water purification. 25906257 8 46 theme proposed 1483:1490 arg1 nanocomposite 1518:1530 The proposed graphene-based functional nanocomposite 1479:1530 The proposed graphene-based functional nanocomposite 1479:1530 The proposed graphene-based functional nanocomposite is environment friendly, reusable, and applicable for advanced water purification. 25906257 4 47 with interaction 704:714 arg1 microcystin-LR 721:734 microcystin-LR 721:734 microcystin-LR 721:734 We have synthesized cyclodextrin-functionalized magnetic composite of colloidal graphene and porous silica where the cyclodextrin component offers host-guest interaction with microcystin-LR and the magnetic component offers easier separation of microcystin-LR from water. 25906257 2 48 theme purification 415:426 arg1 system 428:433 an advanced water purification system 397:433 an advanced water purification system 397:433 Existence of cyanobacteria in water bodies leads to the contamination of drinking water with microcystin-LR and thus their separation is essential for an advanced water purification system. 25906257 4 49 theme magnetic 594:601 arg1 composite 603:611 cyclodextrin-functionalized magnetic composite 566:611 cyclodextrin-functionalized magnetic composite of colloidal graphene 566:633 We have synthesized cyclodextrin-functionalized magnetic composite of colloidal graphene and porous silica where the cyclodextrin component offers host-guest interaction with microcystin-LR and the magnetic component offers easier separation of microcystin-LR from water. 25906257 4 49 theme magnetic 594:601 arg1 graphene 626:633 colloidal graphene 616:633 colloidal graphene 616:633 We have synthesized cyclodextrin-functionalized magnetic composite of colloidal graphene and porous silica where the cyclodextrin component offers host-guest interaction with microcystin-LR and the magnetic component offers easier separation of microcystin-LR from water. 25906257 3 50 theme functional 451:460 arg1 separation 492:501 functional nanocomposite-based selective separation 451:501 functional nanocomposite-based selective separation of microcystin-LR from contaminated water 451:543 Here we report functional nanocomposite-based selective separation of microcystin-LR from contaminated water. 25906257 6 51 theme best 1261:1264 arg1 performance 1266:1276 the best performance 1257:1276 the best performance 1257:1276 We have shown that microcystin-LR separation efficiency is significantly enhanced after functionalization with cyclodextrin, and among all the tested cyclodextrins, γ-cyclodextrin offers the best performance. 25906257 4 52 theme colloidal 616:624 arg1 graphene 626:633 colloidal graphene 616:633 colloidal graphene 616:633 We have synthesized cyclodextrin-functionalized magnetic composite of colloidal graphene and porous silica where the cyclodextrin component offers host-guest interaction with microcystin-LR and the magnetic component offers easier separation of microcystin-LR from water. 25906257 7 53 theme silica-based 1370:1381 arg1 nanocomposite 1383:1395 porous silica-based nanocomposite 1363:1395 porous silica-based nanocomposite due to better accessibility of cyclodextrins for interaction with microcystin-LR 1363:1476 We have also found that graphene-based nanocomposite offers better performance over porous silica-based nanocomposite due to better accessibility of cyclodextrins for interaction with microcystin-LR. 25906257 6 54 with functionalization 1158:1174 arg1 cyclodextrin 1181:1192 cyclodextrin 1181:1192 cyclodextrin 1181:1192 We have shown that microcystin-LR separation efficiency is significantly enhanced after functionalization with cyclodextrin, and among all the tested cyclodextrins, γ-cyclodextrin offers the best performance. 25906257 8 55 theme water 1595:1599 arg1 purification 1601:1612 advanced water purification 1586:1612 advanced water purification 1586:1612 The proposed graphene-based functional nanocomposite is environment friendly, reusable, and applicable for advanced water purification. 25906257 5 56 theme nanocomposite 993:1005 arg1 form 981:984 the dispersible form 965:984 the dispersible form of the nanocomposite 965:1005 High surface area and large extent of chemical functional groups offer high loading (up to 18 wt %) of cyclodextrin with these nanocomposites, and the dispersible form of the nanocomposite offers easier accessibility of cyclodextrin to microcystin-LR. 25906257 2 57 theme water 276:280 arg1 bodies 282:287 water bodies 276:287 water bodies 276:287 Existence of cyanobacteria in water bodies leads to the contamination of drinking water with microcystin-LR and thus their separation is essential for an advanced water purification system. 25906257 5 58 theme functional 865:874 arg1 groups 876:881 chemical functional groups 856:881 chemical functional groups 856:881 High surface area and large extent of chemical functional groups offer high loading (up to 18 wt %) of cyclodextrin with these nanocomposites, and the dispersible form of the nanocomposite offers easier accessibility of cyclodextrin to microcystin-LR. 25906257 5 59 theme cyclodextrin 1038:1049 arg1 accessibility 1021:1033 easier accessibility 1014:1033 easier accessibility of cyclodextrin to microcystin-LR 1014:1067 High surface area and large extent of chemical functional groups offer high loading (up to 18 wt %) of cyclodextrin with these nanocomposites, and the dispersible form of the nanocomposite offers easier accessibility of cyclodextrin to microcystin-LR. 25906257 4 60 theme host-guest 693:702 arg1 interaction 704:714 host-guest interaction 693:714 host-guest interaction with microcystin-LR 693:734 We have synthesized cyclodextrin-functionalized magnetic composite of colloidal graphene and porous silica where the cyclodextrin component offers host-guest interaction with microcystin-LR and the magnetic component offers easier separation of microcystin-LR from water. 25906257 8 61 theme graphene-based 1492:1505 arg1 friendly 1547:1554 environment friendly 1535:1554 environment friendly 1535:1554 The proposed graphene-based functional nanocomposite is environment friendly, reusable, and applicable for advanced water purification. 25906257 8 61 theme graphene-based 1492:1505 arg1 nanocomposite 1518:1530 The proposed graphene-based functional nanocomposite 1479:1530 The proposed graphene-based functional nanocomposite 1479:1530 The proposed graphene-based functional nanocomposite is environment friendly, reusable, and applicable for advanced water purification. 25906257 3 62 theme contaminated 526:537 arg1 water 539:543 contaminated water 526:543 contaminated water 526:543 Here we report functional nanocomposite-based selective separation of microcystin-LR from contaminated water. 25906257 1 63 theme family 238:243 arg1 toxic 224:228 toxic 224:228 toxic 224:228 Microcystin-LR belongs to the family of microcystins produced by cyanobacteria and known to be the most toxic of this family. 25906257 0 64 theme Graphene 92:99 arg1 Composite 69:77 Cyclodextrin-Functionalized Magnetic Composite 32:77 Cyclodextrin-Functionalized Magnetic Composite of Colloidal Graphene and Porous Silica 32:117 Separation of Microcystin-LR by Cyclodextrin-Functionalized Magnetic Composite of Colloidal Graphene and Porous Silica. 25906257 0 64 theme Graphene 92:99 arg1 Graphene 92:99 Colloidal Graphene 82:99 Colloidal Graphene 82:99 Separation of Microcystin-LR by Cyclodextrin-Functionalized Magnetic Composite of Colloidal Graphene and Porous Silica. 25906257 0 64 theme Graphene 92:99 arg1 Silica 112:117 Porous Silica 105:117 Porous Silica 105:117 Separation of Microcystin-LR by Cyclodextrin-Functionalized Magnetic Composite of Colloidal Graphene and Porous Silica. 25906257 2 65 theme cyanobacteria 259:271 arg1 Existence 246:254 Existence 246:254 Existence of cyanobacteria in water bodies 246:287 Existence of cyanobacteria in water bodies leads to the contamination of drinking water with microcystin-LR and thus their separation is essential for an advanced water purification system. 25906257 1 66 theme microcystins 160:171 arg1 family 150:155 the family 146:155 the family of microcystins produced by cyanobacteria and known to be the most toxic of this family 146:243 Microcystin-LR belongs to the family of microcystins produced by cyanobacteria and known to be the most toxic of this family. 25906257 3 67 theme nanocomposite-based 462:480 arg1 separation 492:501 functional nanocomposite-based selective separation 451:501 functional nanocomposite-based selective separation of microcystin-LR from contaminated water 451:543 Here we report functional nanocomposite-based selective separation of microcystin-LR from contaminated water. 25906257 0 68 theme Colloidal 82:90 arg1 Graphene 92:99 Colloidal Graphene 82:99 Colloidal Graphene 82:99 Separation of Microcystin-LR by Cyclodextrin-Functionalized Magnetic Composite of Colloidal Graphene and Porous Silica. 25906257 5 69 theme dispersible 969:979 arg1 form 981:984 the dispersible form 965:984 the dispersible form of the nanocomposite 965:1005 High surface area and large extent of chemical functional groups offer high loading (up to 18 wt %) of cyclodextrin with these nanocomposites, and the dispersible form of the nanocomposite offers easier accessibility of cyclodextrin to microcystin-LR. 25906257 4 70 from water 811:815 arg1 microcystin-LR 791:804 microcystin-LR 791:804 microcystin-LR from water 791:815 We have synthesized cyclodextrin-functionalized magnetic composite of colloidal graphene and porous silica where the cyclodextrin component offers host-guest interaction with microcystin-LR and the magnetic component offers easier separation of microcystin-LR from water. 25906257 4 70 from water 811:815 arg1 separation 777:786 easier separation 770:786 easier separation of microcystin-LR from water 770:815 We have synthesized cyclodextrin-functionalized magnetic composite of colloidal graphene and porous silica where the cyclodextrin component offers host-guest interaction with microcystin-LR and the magnetic component offers easier separation of microcystin-LR from water. 25906257 5 71 theme large 840:844 arg1 extent 846:851 large extent 840:851 large extent of chemical functional groups 840:881 High surface area and large extent of chemical functional groups offer high loading (up to 18 wt %) of cyclodextrin with these nanocomposites, and the dispersible form of the nanocomposite offers easier accessibility of cyclodextrin to microcystin-LR. 27157760 3 0 theme CS/magnetite 515:526 arg1 properties 464:473 mechanical properties 453:473 mechanical properties of pure CS, CS/HA, CS/HA/magnetite, and CS/magnetite 453:526 In the present research, mechanical properties of pure CS, CS/HA, CS/HA/magnetite, and CS/magnetite were evaluated by the measurements of bending strength, elastic modulus, compressive strength and hardness values. 27157760 2 1 theme component 365:373 arg1 characteristics 341:355 the useful characteristics 330:355 the useful characteristics of each component 330:373 Having a hybrid biomaterial composed of the aforementioned constituents not only accumulates the useful characteristics of each component, but also provides outstanding composite properties. 27157760 4 2 theme image 770:774 arg1 analyzer 776:783 an image analyzer 767:783 an image analyzer 767:783 Moreover, the morphology of the bending fracture surfaces were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an image analyzer. 27157760 2 3 theme aforementioned 281:294 arg1 constituents 296:307 the aforementioned constituents 277:307 the aforementioned constituents 277:307 Having a hybrid biomaterial composed of the aforementioned constituents not only accumulates the useful characteristics of each component, but also provides outstanding composite properties. 27157760 4 4 theme electron 737:744 arg1 SEM 758:760 SEM 758:760 SEM 758:760 Moreover, the morphology of the bending fracture surfaces were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an image analyzer. 27157760 4 4 theme electron 737:744 arg1 microscope 746:755 a scanning electron microscope 726:755 a scanning electron microscope (SEM) 726:761 Moreover, the morphology of the bending fracture surfaces were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an image analyzer. 27157760 4 5 theme scanning 728:735 arg1 SEM 758:760 SEM 758:760 SEM 758:760 Moreover, the morphology of the bending fracture surfaces were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an image analyzer. 27157760 4 5 theme scanning 728:735 arg1 microscope 746:755 a scanning electron microscope 726:755 a scanning electron microscope (SEM) 726:761 Moreover, the morphology of the bending fracture surfaces were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an image analyzer. 27157760 6 6 theme mechanical 1090:1099 arg1 properties 1101:1110 the mechanical properties 1086:1110 the mechanical properties of the pure chitosan 1086:1131 We conclude that, although all of these composites possess in-vitro biocompatibility, adding hydroxyapatite and magnetite to the chitosan matrix can noticeably enhance the mechanical properties of the pure chitosan. 27157760 4 7 theme fracture 683:690 arg1 surfaces 692:699 the bending fracture surfaces 671:699 the bending fracture surfaces 671:699 Moreover, the morphology of the bending fracture surfaces were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an image analyzer. 27157760 3 8 theme mechanical 453:462 arg1 properties 464:473 mechanical properties 453:473 mechanical properties of pure CS, CS/HA, CS/HA/magnetite, and CS/magnetite 453:526 In the present research, mechanical properties of pure CS, CS/HA, CS/HA/magnetite, and CS/magnetite were evaluated by the measurements of bending strength, elastic modulus, compressive strength and hardness values. 27157760 6 9 theme in-vitro 977:984 arg1 biocompatibility 986:1001 in-vitro biocompatibility 977:1001 in-vitro biocompatibility 977:1001 We conclude that, although all of these composites possess in-vitro biocompatibility, adding hydroxyapatite and magnetite to the chitosan matrix can noticeably enhance the mechanical properties of the pure chitosan. 27157760 5 10 theme different 896:904 arg1 composites 906:915 different composites 896:915 different composites 896:915 Studies were also conducted to examine the biological response of the human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) on different composites. 27157760 2 11 theme composite 406:414 arg1 properties 416:425 outstanding composite properties 394:425 outstanding composite properties 394:425 Having a hybrid biomaterial composed of the aforementioned constituents not only accumulates the useful characteristics of each component, but also provides outstanding composite properties. 27157760 2 12 theme outstanding 394:404 arg1 properties 416:425 outstanding composite properties 394:425 outstanding composite properties 394:425 Having a hybrid biomaterial composed of the aforementioned constituents not only accumulates the useful characteristics of each component, but also provides outstanding composite properties. 27157760 0 13 theme Mechanical 0:9 arg1 properties 11:20 Mechanical properties 0:20 Mechanical properties of natural 0:31 Mechanical properties of natural chitosan/hydroxyapatite/magnetite nanocomposites for tissue engineering applications. 27157760 5 14 theme Mesenchymal 862:872 arg1 hMSCs 886:890 hMSCs 886:890 hMSCs 886:890 Studies were also conducted to examine the biological response of the human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) on different composites. 27157760 5 14 theme Mesenchymal 862:872 arg1 Cells 879:883 the human Mesenchymal Stem Cells 852:883 the human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) 852:891 Studies were also conducted to examine the biological response of the human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) on different composites. 27157760 3 15 theme elastic 584:590 arg1 modulus 592:598 elastic modulus 584:598 elastic modulus 584:598 In the present research, mechanical properties of pure CS, CS/HA, CS/HA/magnetite, and CS/magnetite were evaluated by the measurements of bending strength, elastic modulus, compressive strength and hardness values. 27157760 4 16 theme bending 675:681 arg1 surfaces 692:699 the bending fracture surfaces 671:699 the bending fracture surfaces 671:699 Moreover, the morphology of the bending fracture surfaces were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an image analyzer. 27157760 0 17 theme natural 25:31 arg1 properties 11:20 Mechanical properties 0:20 Mechanical properties of natural 0:31 Mechanical properties of natural chitosan/hydroxyapatite/magnetite nanocomposites for tissue engineering applications. 27157760 3 18 theme bending 566:572 arg1 strength 574:581 bending strength 566:581 bending strength 566:581 In the present research, mechanical properties of pure CS, CS/HA, CS/HA/magnetite, and CS/magnetite were evaluated by the measurements of bending strength, elastic modulus, compressive strength and hardness values. 27157760 3 19 theme CS 483:484 arg1 properties 464:473 mechanical properties 453:473 mechanical properties of pure CS, CS/HA, CS/HA/magnetite, and CS/magnetite 453:526 In the present research, mechanical properties of pure CS, CS/HA, CS/HA/magnetite, and CS/magnetite were evaluated by the measurements of bending strength, elastic modulus, compressive strength and hardness values. 27157760 5 20 theme biological 829:838 arg1 response 840:847 the biological response 825:847 the biological response of the human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) on different composites 825:915 Studies were also conducted to examine the biological response of the human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) on different composites. 27157760 3 21 theme strength 574:581 arg1 values 635:640 bending strength, elastic modulus, compressive strength and hardness values 566:640 bending strength, elastic modulus, compressive strength and hardness values 566:640 In the present research, mechanical properties of pure CS, CS/HA, CS/HA/magnetite, and CS/magnetite were evaluated by the measurements of bending strength, elastic modulus, compressive strength and hardness values. 27157760 3 22 theme compressive 601:611 arg1 strength 613:620 compressive strength 601:620 compressive strength 601:620 In the present research, mechanical properties of pure CS, CS/HA, CS/HA/magnetite, and CS/magnetite were evaluated by the measurements of bending strength, elastic modulus, compressive strength and hardness values. 27157760 6 23 theme chitosan 1047:1054 arg1 matrix 1056:1061 the chitosan matrix 1043:1061 the chitosan matrix 1043:1061 We conclude that, although all of these composites possess in-vitro biocompatibility, adding hydroxyapatite and magnetite to the chitosan matrix can noticeably enhance the mechanical properties of the pure chitosan. 27157760 3 24 theme present 435:441 arg1 research 443:450 the present research 431:450 the present research 431:450 In the present research, mechanical properties of pure CS, CS/HA, CS/HA/magnetite, and CS/magnetite were evaluated by the measurements of bending strength, elastic modulus, compressive strength and hardness values. 27157760 5 25 theme Cells 879:883 arg1 response 840:847 the biological response 825:847 the biological response of the human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) on different composites 825:915 Studies were also conducted to examine the biological response of the human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) on different composites. 27157760 3 26 theme strength 613:620 arg1 values 635:640 bending strength, elastic modulus, compressive strength and hardness values 566:640 bending strength, elastic modulus, compressive strength and hardness values 566:640 In the present research, mechanical properties of pure CS, CS/HA, CS/HA/magnetite, and CS/magnetite were evaluated by the measurements of bending strength, elastic modulus, compressive strength and hardness values. 27157760 5 27 theme human 856:860 arg1 hMSCs 886:890 hMSCs 886:890 hMSCs 886:890 Studies were also conducted to examine the biological response of the human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) on different composites. 27157760 5 27 theme human 856:860 arg1 Cells 879:883 the human Mesenchymal Stem Cells 852:883 the human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) 852:891 Studies were also conducted to examine the biological response of the human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) on different composites. 27157760 1 28 theme bone 208:211 arg1 applications 223:234 bone treatment applications 208:234 bone treatment applications 208:234 Chitosan (CS), hydroxyapatite (HA), and magnetite (Fe3O4) have been broadly employed for bone treatment applications. 27157760 0 29 theme tissue 86:91 arg1 applications 105:116 tissue engineering applications 86:116 tissue engineering applications 86:116 Mechanical properties of natural chitosan/hydroxyapatite/magnetite nanocomposites for tissue engineering applications. 27157760 3 30 theme modulus 592:598 arg1 values 635:640 bending strength, elastic modulus, compressive strength and hardness values 566:640 bending strength, elastic modulus, compressive strength and hardness values 566:640 In the present research, mechanical properties of pure CS, CS/HA, CS/HA/magnetite, and CS/magnetite were evaluated by the measurements of bending strength, elastic modulus, compressive strength and hardness values. 27157760 3 31 theme CS/HA/magnetite 494:508 arg1 properties 464:473 mechanical properties 453:473 mechanical properties of pure CS, CS/HA, CS/HA/magnetite, and CS/magnetite 453:526 In the present research, mechanical properties of pure CS, CS/HA, CS/HA/magnetite, and CS/magnetite were evaluated by the measurements of bending strength, elastic modulus, compressive strength and hardness values. 27157760 6 32 contain possess 969:975 arg1 all 945:947 all 945:947 all 945:947 We conclude that, although all of these composites possess in-vitro biocompatibility, adding hydroxyapatite and magnetite to the chitosan matrix can noticeably enhance the mechanical properties of the pure chitosan. 27157760 6 32 contain possess 969:975 arg1 composites 958:967 these composites 952:967 these composites 952:967 We conclude that, although all of these composites possess in-vitro biocompatibility, adding hydroxyapatite and magnetite to the chitosan matrix can noticeably enhance the mechanical properties of the pure chitosan. 27157760 6 32 contain possess 969:975 arg2 biocompatibility 986:1001 in-vitro biocompatibility 977:1001 in-vitro biocompatibility 977:1001 We conclude that, although all of these composites possess in-vitro biocompatibility, adding hydroxyapatite and magnetite to the chitosan matrix can noticeably enhance the mechanical properties of the pure chitosan. 27157760 5 33 from response 840:847 arg1 composites 906:915 different composites 896:915 different composites 896:915 Studies were also conducted to examine the biological response of the human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) on different composites. 27157760 3 34 theme values 635:640 arg1 measurements 550:561 the measurements 546:561 the measurements of bending strength, elastic modulus, compressive strength and hardness values 546:640 In the present research, mechanical properties of pure CS, CS/HA, CS/HA/magnetite, and CS/magnetite were evaluated by the measurements of bending strength, elastic modulus, compressive strength and hardness values. 27157760 3 35 theme CS/HA 487:491 arg1 properties 464:473 mechanical properties 453:473 mechanical properties of pure CS, CS/HA, CS/HA/magnetite, and CS/magnetite 453:526 In the present research, mechanical properties of pure CS, CS/HA, CS/HA/magnetite, and CS/magnetite were evaluated by the measurements of bending strength, elastic modulus, compressive strength and hardness values. 27157760 6 36 theme chitosan 1124:1131 arg1 properties 1101:1110 the mechanical properties 1086:1110 the mechanical properties of the pure chitosan 1086:1131 We conclude that, although all of these composites possess in-vitro biocompatibility, adding hydroxyapatite and magnetite to the chitosan matrix can noticeably enhance the mechanical properties of the pure chitosan. 27157760 1 37 theme treatment 213:221 arg1 applications 223:234 bone treatment applications 208:234 bone treatment applications 208:234 Chitosan (CS), hydroxyapatite (HA), and magnetite (Fe3O4) have been broadly employed for bone treatment applications. 27157760 2 38 theme useful 334:339 arg1 characteristics 341:355 the useful characteristics 330:355 the useful characteristics of each component 330:373 Having a hybrid biomaterial composed of the aforementioned constituents not only accumulates the useful characteristics of each component, but also provides outstanding composite properties. 27157760 3 39 theme pure 478:481 arg1 CS 483:484 pure CS 478:484 pure CS 478:484 In the present research, mechanical properties of pure CS, CS/HA, CS/HA/magnetite, and CS/magnetite were evaluated by the measurements of bending strength, elastic modulus, compressive strength and hardness values. 27157760 2 40 theme hybrid 246:251 arg1 biomaterial 253:263 a hybrid biomaterial 244:263 a hybrid biomaterial composed of the aforementioned constituents 244:307 Having a hybrid biomaterial composed of the aforementioned constituents not only accumulates the useful characteristics of each component, but also provides outstanding composite properties. 27157760 6 41 theme pure 1119:1122 arg1 chitosan 1124:1131 the pure chitosan 1115:1131 the pure chitosan 1115:1131 We conclude that, although all of these composites possess in-vitro biocompatibility, adding hydroxyapatite and magnetite to the chitosan matrix can noticeably enhance the mechanical properties of the pure chitosan. 27157760 5 42 theme Stem 874:877 arg1 hMSCs 886:890 hMSCs 886:890 hMSCs 886:890 Studies were also conducted to examine the biological response of the human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) on different composites. 27157760 5 42 theme Stem 874:877 arg1 Cells 879:883 the human Mesenchymal Stem Cells 852:883 the human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) 852:891 Studies were also conducted to examine the biological response of the human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) on different composites. 27157760 0 43 theme engineering 93:103 arg1 applications 105:116 tissue engineering applications 86:116 tissue engineering applications 86:116 Mechanical properties of natural chitosan/hydroxyapatite/magnetite nanocomposites for tissue engineering applications. 27157760 3 44 theme hardness 626:633 arg1 values 635:640 bending strength, elastic modulus, compressive strength and hardness values 566:640 bending strength, elastic modulus, compressive strength and hardness values 566:640 In the present research, mechanical properties of pure CS, CS/HA, CS/HA/magnetite, and CS/magnetite were evaluated by the measurements of bending strength, elastic modulus, compressive strength and hardness values. 27157760 4 45 theme surfaces 692:699 arg1 morphology 657:666 the morphology 653:666 the morphology of the bending fracture surfaces 653:699 Moreover, the morphology of the bending fracture surfaces were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an image analyzer. 28527989 3 0 with bonding 611:617 arg1 -NH3+ 624:628 -NH3+ 624:628 -NH3+ 624:628 The results showed that the bonding with -NH3+ might attribute the adsorption capacity greater than that with hydroxyl. 28527989 2 1 theme infrared 349:356 arg1 spectroscopy 358:369 infrared spectroscopy 349:369 infrared spectroscopy 349:369 The in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and two dimensional correlation analysis were used to record the spectra during the adsorption and the pH perturbation, and analyze the interaction sequence of the groups related to the adsorption, respectively. 28527989 0 2 theme chitosan-montmorillonite 44:67 arg1 bonding 24:30 the bonding 20:30 the bonding of Cu2+ and chitosan-montmorillonite composite 20:77 The effect of pH on the bonding of Cu2+ and chitosan-montmorillonite composite. 28527989 0 3 from effect 4:9 arg1 bonding 24:30 the bonding 20:30 the bonding of Cu2+ and chitosan-montmorillonite composite 20:77 The effect of pH on the bonding of Cu2+ and chitosan-montmorillonite composite. 28527989 1 4 theme bonding 140:146 arg1 mechanisms 122:131 the mechanisms 118:131 the mechanisms of the bonding between metal ions and chitosan based adsorbent 118:194 Based on the contradict statements on the mechanisms of the bonding between metal ions and chitosan based adsorbent, this paper present studies on the Cu2+ adsorption by the chitosan-montmorillonite composite. 28527989 1 5 theme Cu2+ 231:234 arg1 adsorption 236:245 the Cu2+ adsorption 227:245 the Cu2+ adsorption by the chitosan-montmorillonite composite 227:287 Based on the contradict statements on the mechanisms of the bonding between metal ions and chitosan based adsorbent, this paper present studies on the Cu2+ adsorption by the chitosan-montmorillonite composite. 28527989 4 6 theme -NH3+ 892:896 arg1 change 882:887 the change 878:887 the change of -NH3+ to -NH2 878:904 The hydroxyl of chitosan (or composite) take part in the Cu2+ adsorption at pH 3.0-5.0 and were more active at lower pH. The amino replaced hydroxyl as the bonding sites with the change of -NH3+ to -NH2 by proton exchange when pH was near 5.0. 28527989 4 7 theme replaced 834:841 arg1 hydroxyl 843:850 The amino replaced hydroxyl 824:850 The amino replaced hydroxyl as the bonding sites with the change of -NH3+ to -NH2 by proton exchange 824:923 The hydroxyl of chitosan (or composite) take part in the Cu2+ adsorption at pH 3.0-5.0 and were more active at lower pH. The amino replaced hydroxyl as the bonding sites with the change of -NH3+ to -NH2 by proton exchange when pH was near 5.0. 28527989 4 8 from part 748:751 arg1 pH 779:780 pH 3.0-5.0 779:788 pH 3.0-5.0 779:788 The hydroxyl of chitosan (or composite) take part in the Cu2+ adsorption at pH 3.0-5.0 and were more active at lower pH. The amino replaced hydroxyl as the bonding sites with the change of -NH3+ to -NH2 by proton exchange when pH was near 5.0. 28527989 4 8 from part 748:751 arg1 adsorption 765:774 the Cu2+ adsorption 756:774 the Cu2+ adsorption at pH 3.0-5.0 756:788 The hydroxyl of chitosan (or composite) take part in the Cu2+ adsorption at pH 3.0-5.0 and were more active at lower pH. The amino replaced hydroxyl as the bonding sites with the change of -NH3+ to -NH2 by proton exchange when pH was near 5.0. 28527989 2 9 dep in 294:295 arg1 situ 297:300 situ 297:300 situ 297:300 The in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and two dimensional correlation analysis were used to record the spectra during the adsorption and the pH perturbation, and analyze the interaction sequence of the groups related to the adsorption, respectively. 28527989 2 10 theme interaction 507:517 arg1 sequence 519:526 the interaction sequence 503:526 the interaction sequence of the groups related to the adsorption, respectively 503:580 The in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and two dimensional correlation analysis were used to record the spectra during the adsorption and the pH perturbation, and analyze the interaction sequence of the groups related to the adsorption, respectively. 28527989 4 11 from lower 814:818 arg1 hydroxyl 707:714 The hydroxyl 703:714 The hydroxyl of chitosan (or composite) 703:741 The hydroxyl of chitosan (or composite) take part in the Cu2+ adsorption at pH 3.0-5.0 and were more active at lower pH. The amino replaced hydroxyl as the bonding sites with the change of -NH3+ to -NH2 by proton exchange when pH was near 5.0. 28527989 4 11 from lower 814:818 arg1 active 804:809 active 804:809 active 804:809 The hydroxyl of chitosan (or composite) take part in the Cu2+ adsorption at pH 3.0-5.0 and were more active at lower pH. The amino replaced hydroxyl as the bonding sites with the change of -NH3+ to -NH2 by proton exchange when pH was near 5.0. 28527989 4 12 dep hydroxyl 843:850 arg1 pH. 820:822 pH. 820:822 pH. 820:822 The hydroxyl of chitosan (or composite) take part in the Cu2+ adsorption at pH 3.0-5.0 and were more active at lower pH. The amino replaced hydroxyl as the bonding sites with the change of -NH3+ to -NH2 by proton exchange when pH was near 5.0. 28527989 2 13 theme correlation 391:401 arg1 analysis 403:410 two dimensional correlation analysis 375:410 two dimensional correlation analysis 375:410 The in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and two dimensional correlation analysis were used to record the spectra during the adsorption and the pH perturbation, and analyze the interaction sequence of the groups related to the adsorption, respectively. 28527989 2 14 theme dimensional 379:389 arg1 analysis 403:410 two dimensional correlation analysis 375:410 two dimensional correlation analysis 375:410 The in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and two dimensional correlation analysis were used to record the spectra during the adsorption and the pH perturbation, and analyze the interaction sequence of the groups related to the adsorption, respectively. 28527989 2 15 theme in 294:295 arg1 Fourier 331:337 The in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier 290:337 The in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and two dimensional correlation analysis 290:410 The in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and two dimensional correlation analysis were used to record the spectra during the adsorption and the pH perturbation, and analyze the interaction sequence of the groups related to the adsorption, respectively. 28527989 4 16 with sites 867:871 arg1 change 882:887 the change 878:887 the change of -NH3+ to -NH2 878:904 The hydroxyl of chitosan (or composite) take part in the Cu2+ adsorption at pH 3.0-5.0 and were more active at lower pH. The amino replaced hydroxyl as the bonding sites with the change of -NH3+ to -NH2 by proton exchange when pH was near 5.0. 28527989 0 17 theme pH 14:15 arg1 effect 4:9 The effect 0:9 The effect of pH on the bonding of Cu2+ and chitosan-montmorillonite composite. 0:78 The effect of pH on the bonding of Cu2+ and chitosan-montmorillonite composite. 28527989 2 18 dep Fourier 331:337 arg1 transform 339:347 transform 339:347 transform infrared spectroscopy and two dimensional correlation analysis 339:410 The in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and two dimensional correlation analysis were used to record the spectra during the adsorption and the pH perturbation, and analyze the interaction sequence of the groups related to the adsorption, respectively. 28527989 1 19 theme chitosan-montmorillonite 254:277 arg1 composite 279:287 the chitosan-montmorillonite composite 250:287 the chitosan-montmorillonite composite 250:287 Based on the contradict statements on the mechanisms of the bonding between metal ions and chitosan based adsorbent, this paper present studies on the Cu2+ adsorption by the chitosan-montmorillonite composite. 28527989 2 20 theme related 542:548 arg1 groups 535:540 the groups 531:540 the groups related to the adsorption, respectively 531:580 The in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and two dimensional correlation analysis were used to record the spectra during the adsorption and the pH perturbation, and analyze the interaction sequence of the groups related to the adsorption, respectively. 28527989 0 21 dep Cu2+ 35:38 arg1 composite 69:77 composite 69:77 composite 69:77 The effect of pH on the bonding of Cu2+ and chitosan-montmorillonite composite. 28527989 2 22 theme pH 474:475 arg1 perturbation 477:488 the pH perturbation 470:488 the pH perturbation 470:488 The in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and two dimensional correlation analysis were used to record the spectra during the adsorption and the pH perturbation, and analyze the interaction sequence of the groups related to the adsorption, respectively. 28527989 2 23 theme groups 535:540 arg1 sequence 519:526 the interaction sequence 503:526 the interaction sequence of the groups related to the adsorption, respectively 503:580 The in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and two dimensional correlation analysis were used to record the spectra during the adsorption and the pH perturbation, and analyze the interaction sequence of the groups related to the adsorption, respectively. 28527989 1 24 theme adsorbent 186:194 arg1 chitosan 171:178 chitosan 171:178 chitosan based adsorbent 171:194 Based on the contradict statements on the mechanisms of the bonding between metal ions and chitosan based adsorbent, this paper present studies on the Cu2+ adsorption by the chitosan-montmorillonite composite. 28527989 4 25 dep replaced 834:841 arg1 amino 828:832 amino 828:832 amino 828:832 The hydroxyl of chitosan (or composite) take part in the Cu2+ adsorption at pH 3.0-5.0 and were more active at lower pH. The amino replaced hydroxyl as the bonding sites with the change of -NH3+ to -NH2 by proton exchange when pH was near 5.0. 28527989 4 26 theme proton 909:914 arg1 exchange 916:923 proton exchange 909:923 proton exchange 909:923 The hydroxyl of chitosan (or composite) take part in the Cu2+ adsorption at pH 3.0-5.0 and were more active at lower pH. The amino replaced hydroxyl as the bonding sites with the change of -NH3+ to -NH2 by proton exchange when pH was near 5.0. 28527989 2 27 used used 417:420 arg2 Fourier 331:337 The in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier 290:337 The in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and two dimensional correlation analysis 290:410 The in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and two dimensional correlation analysis were used to record the spectra during the adsorption and the pH perturbation, and analyze the interaction sequence of the groups related to the adsorption, respectively. 28527989 1 28 from studies 216:222 arg1 adsorption 236:245 the Cu2+ adsorption 227:245 the Cu2+ adsorption by the chitosan-montmorillonite composite 227:287 Based on the contradict statements on the mechanisms of the bonding between metal ions and chitosan based adsorbent, this paper present studies on the Cu2+ adsorption by the chitosan-montmorillonite composite. 28527989 3 29 theme greater 670:676 arg1 capacity 661:668 the adsorption capacity 646:668 the adsorption capacity greater than that with hydroxyl 646:700 The results showed that the bonding with -NH3+ might attribute the adsorption capacity greater than that with hydroxyl. 28527989 2 30 theme reflectance 319:329 arg1 Fourier 331:337 The in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier 290:337 The in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and two dimensional correlation analysis 290:410 The in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and two dimensional correlation analysis were used to record the spectra during the adsorption and the pH perturbation, and analyze the interaction sequence of the groups related to the adsorption, respectively. 28527989 2 31 theme total 313:317 arg1 Fourier 331:337 The in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier 290:337 The in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and two dimensional correlation analysis 290:410 The in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and two dimensional correlation analysis were used to record the spectra during the adsorption and the pH perturbation, and analyze the interaction sequence of the groups related to the adsorption, respectively. 28527989 4 32 theme bonding 859:865 arg1 sites 867:871 the bonding sites 855:871 the bonding sites with the change of -NH3+ to -NH2 855:904 The hydroxyl of chitosan (or composite) take part in the Cu2+ adsorption at pH 3.0-5.0 and were more active at lower pH. The amino replaced hydroxyl as the bonding sites with the change of -NH3+ to -NH2 by proton exchange when pH was near 5.0. 28527989 3 33 theme adsorption 650:659 arg1 capacity 661:668 the adsorption capacity 646:668 the adsorption capacity greater than that with hydroxyl 646:700 The results showed that the bonding with -NH3+ might attribute the adsorption capacity greater than that with hydroxyl. 28527989 4 34 theme Cu2+ 760:763 arg1 adsorption 765:774 the Cu2+ adsorption 756:774 the Cu2+ adsorption at pH 3.0-5.0 756:788 The hydroxyl of chitosan (or composite) take part in the Cu2+ adsorption at pH 3.0-5.0 and were more active at lower pH. The amino replaced hydroxyl as the bonding sites with the change of -NH3+ to -NH2 by proton exchange when pH was near 5.0. 28527989 4 35 from pH 779:780 arg1 part 748:751 part 748:751 part in the Cu2+ adsorption at pH 3.0-5.0 748:788 The hydroxyl of chitosan (or composite) take part in the Cu2+ adsorption at pH 3.0-5.0 and were more active at lower pH. The amino replaced hydroxyl as the bonding sites with the change of -NH3+ to -NH2 by proton exchange when pH was near 5.0. 28527989 4 35 from pH 779:780 arg1 adsorption 765:774 the Cu2+ adsorption 756:774 the Cu2+ adsorption at pH 3.0-5.0 756:788 The hydroxyl of chitosan (or composite) take part in the Cu2+ adsorption at pH 3.0-5.0 and were more active at lower pH. The amino replaced hydroxyl as the bonding sites with the change of -NH3+ to -NH2 by proton exchange when pH was near 5.0. 28527989 2 36 theme attenuated 302:311 arg1 Fourier 331:337 The in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier 290:337 The in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and two dimensional correlation analysis 290:410 The in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and two dimensional correlation analysis were used to record the spectra during the adsorption and the pH perturbation, and analyze the interaction sequence of the groups related to the adsorption, respectively. 28527989 4 37 theme chitosan 719:726 arg1 hydroxyl 707:714 The hydroxyl 703:714 The hydroxyl of chitosan (or composite) 703:741 The hydroxyl of chitosan (or composite) take part in the Cu2+ adsorption at pH 3.0-5.0 and were more active at lower pH. The amino replaced hydroxyl as the bonding sites with the change of -NH3+ to -NH2 by proton exchange when pH was near 5.0. 28527989 4 37 theme chitosan 719:726 arg1 active 804:809 active 804:809 active 804:809 The hydroxyl of chitosan (or composite) take part in the Cu2+ adsorption at pH 3.0-5.0 and were more active at lower pH. The amino replaced hydroxyl as the bonding sites with the change of -NH3+ to -NH2 by proton exchange when pH was near 5.0. 28527989 1 38 theme metal 156:160 arg1 ions 162:165 metal ions 156:165 metal ions 156:165 Based on the contradict statements on the mechanisms of the bonding between metal ions and chitosan based adsorbent, this paper present studies on the Cu2+ adsorption by the chitosan-montmorillonite composite. 28527989 0 39 theme Cu2+ 35:38 arg1 bonding 24:30 the bonding 20:30 the bonding of Cu2+ and chitosan-montmorillonite composite 20:77 The effect of pH on the bonding of Cu2+ and chitosan-montmorillonite composite. 28527989 1 40 dep the 89:91 arg1 contradict 93:102 contradict 93:102 contradict statements on the mechanisms of the bonding between metal ions and chitosan based adsorbent 93:194 Based on the contradict statements on the mechanisms of the bonding between metal ions and chitosan based adsorbent, this paper present studies on the Cu2+ adsorption by the chitosan-montmorillonite composite. 28049050 3 0 contain containing 528:537 arg2 CLX 539:541 CLX 539:541 CLX 539:541 Thus in this work the preparation and characterization of chitosan/montmorillonite composite films containing CLX, able to offer a prolonged CLX release, is described. 28049050 3 0 contain containing 528:537 arg1 films 522:526 chitosan/montmorillonite composite films 487:526 chitosan/montmorillonite composite films containing CLX, able to offer a prolonged CLX release, 487:581 Thus in this work the preparation and characterization of chitosan/montmorillonite composite films containing CLX, able to offer a prolonged CLX release, is described. 28049050 2 1 theme prolonged 348:356 arg1 manner 358:363 a localized and prolonged manner 332:363 a localized and prolonged manner 332:363 A delivery system, able to release CLX in a localized and prolonged manner, could guarantee antimicrobial activity with reduced cytotoxic. 28049050 0 2 theme wound 111:115 arg1 dressing 117:124 wound dressing 111:124 wound dressing 111:124 Montmorillonite-chitosan-chlorhexidine composite films with antibiofilm activity and improved cytotoxicity for wound dressing. 28049050 11 3 theme film 1347:1350 arg1 MONT-CLX 1363:1370 the film containing MONT-CLX 1343:1370 the film containing MONT-CLX at 1% CLX concentration 1343:1394 As concerns cytotoxicity the film containing MONT-CLX at 1% CLX concentration resulted no cytotoxic. 28049050 5 4 theme FT-IR 901:905 arg1 spectroscopy 907:918 FT-IR spectroscopy 901:918 FT-IR spectroscopy 901:918 EXPERIMENTAL CLX was intercalated between the layers of montmorillonite (MONT-Na), and the intercalated product (MONT-CLX) was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and FT-IR spectroscopy. 28049050 10 5 theme prepared 1249:1256 arg1 films 1258:1262 FINDINGS All prepared films 1236:1262 FINDINGS All prepared films 1236:1262 FINDINGS All prepared films showed good antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. 28049050 12 6 theme dressing 1518:1525 arg1 MONT-CLX 1488:1495 MONT-CLX 1488:1495 MONT-CLX 1488:1495 These results confirm the potential use of chitosan films containing MONT-CLX as a potential wound dressing material to prevent microbial colonization in wounds. 28049050 12 6 theme dressing 1518:1525 arg1 material 1527:1534 a potential wound dressing material 1500:1534 a potential wound dressing material 1500:1534 These results confirm the potential use of chitosan films containing MONT-CLX as a potential wound dressing material to prevent microbial colonization in wounds. 28049050 5 7 theme EXPERIMENTAL 687:698 arg1 CLX 700:702 EXPERIMENTAL CLX 687:702 EXPERIMENTAL CLX 687:702 EXPERIMENTAL CLX was intercalated between the layers of montmorillonite (MONT-Na), and the intercalated product (MONT-CLX) was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and FT-IR spectroscopy. 28049050 8 8 theme prepared 1061:1068 arg1 films 1070:1074 All prepared films 1057:1074 All prepared films 1057:1074 All prepared films were tested for their antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. 28049050 10 9 theme antibiofilm 1294:1304 arg1 activities 1306:1315 good antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities 1271:1315 good antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities 1271:1315 FINDINGS All prepared films showed good antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. 28049050 1 10 theme human 271:275 arg1 fibroblasts 277:287 human fibroblasts 271:287 human fibroblasts 271:287 HYPOTHESIS Chlorhexidine (CLX) is a good antimicrobial agent, but its use in treatment of wounds is limited because of its cytotoxicity towards human fibroblasts. 28049050 9 11 theme human 1190:1194 arg1 fibroblasts 1196:1206 human fibroblasts 1190:1206 human fibroblasts HuDe 1190:1211 Cytotoxicity towards human skin keratinocytes and human fibroblasts HuDe was evaluated as well. 28049050 9 11 theme human 1190:1194 arg1 HuDe 1208:1211 HuDe 1208:1211 HuDe 1208:1211 Cytotoxicity towards human skin keratinocytes and human fibroblasts HuDe was evaluated as well. 28049050 3 12 theme prolonged 560:568 arg1 release 574:580 a prolonged CLX release 558:580 a prolonged CLX release 558:580 Thus in this work the preparation and characterization of chitosan/montmorillonite composite films containing CLX, able to offer a prolonged CLX release, is described. 28049050 2 13 theme delivery 292:299 arg1 system 301:306 A delivery system 290:306 A delivery system 290:306 A delivery system, able to release CLX in a localized and prolonged manner, could guarantee antimicrobial activity with reduced cytotoxic. 28049050 10 14 theme FINDINGS 1236:1243 arg1 films 1258:1262 FINDINGS All prepared films 1236:1262 FINDINGS All prepared films 1236:1262 FINDINGS All prepared films showed good antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. 28049050 3 15 theme composite 512:520 arg1 films 522:526 chitosan/montmorillonite composite films 487:526 chitosan/montmorillonite composite films containing CLX, able to offer a prolonged CLX release, 487:581 Thus in this work the preparation and characterization of chitosan/montmorillonite composite films containing CLX, able to offer a prolonged CLX release, is described. 28049050 12 16 theme films 1471:1475 arg1 use 1455:1457 the potential use 1441:1457 the potential use of chitosan films containing MONT-CLX as a potential wound dressing material to prevent microbial colonization in wounds 1441:1578 These results confirm the potential use of chitosan films containing MONT-CLX as a potential wound dressing material to prevent microbial colonization in wounds. 28049050 5 17 theme thermogravimetric 864:880 arg1 analysis 882:889 thermogravimetric analysis 864:889 thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 864:895 EXPERIMENTAL CLX was intercalated between the layers of montmorillonite (MONT-Na), and the intercalated product (MONT-CLX) was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and FT-IR spectroscopy. 28049050 5 17 theme thermogravimetric 864:880 arg1 TGA 892:894 TGA 892:894 TGA 892:894 EXPERIMENTAL CLX was intercalated between the layers of montmorillonite (MONT-Na), and the intercalated product (MONT-CLX) was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and FT-IR spectroscopy. 28049050 11 18 from concentration 1382:1394 arg1 MONT-CLX 1363:1370 the film containing MONT-CLX 1343:1370 the film containing MONT-CLX at 1% CLX concentration 1343:1394 As concerns cytotoxicity the film containing MONT-CLX at 1% CLX concentration resulted no cytotoxic. 28049050 11 19 theme 1 1375:1375 arg1 % 1376:1376 % 1376:1376 % 1376:1376 As concerns cytotoxicity the film containing MONT-CLX at 1% CLX concentration resulted no cytotoxic. 28049050 9 20 theme skin 1167:1170 arg1 keratinocytes 1172:1184 human skin keratinocytes 1161:1184 human skin keratinocytes 1161:1184 Cytotoxicity towards human skin keratinocytes and human fibroblasts HuDe was evaluated as well. 28049050 5 21 theme X-ray 831:835 arg1 XRPD 857:860 XRPD 857:860 XRPD 857:860 EXPERIMENTAL CLX was intercalated between the layers of montmorillonite (MONT-Na), and the intercalated product (MONT-CLX) was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and FT-IR spectroscopy. 28049050 5 21 theme X-ray 831:835 arg1 diffraction 844:854 X-ray powder diffraction 831:854 X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) 831:861 EXPERIMENTAL CLX was intercalated between the layers of montmorillonite (MONT-Na), and the intercalated product (MONT-CLX) was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and FT-IR spectroscopy. 28049050 12 22 contain containing 1477:1486 arg2 material 1527:1534 a potential wound dressing material 1500:1534 a potential wound dressing material 1500:1534 These results confirm the potential use of chitosan films containing MONT-CLX as a potential wound dressing material to prevent microbial colonization in wounds. 28049050 12 22 contain containing 1477:1486 arg2 MONT-CLX 1488:1495 MONT-CLX 1488:1495 MONT-CLX 1488:1495 These results confirm the potential use of chitosan films containing MONT-CLX as a potential wound dressing material to prevent microbial colonization in wounds. 28049050 12 22 contain containing 1477:1486 arg1 films 1471:1475 chitosan films 1462:1475 chitosan films containing MONT-CLX as a potential wound dressing material 1462:1534 These results confirm the potential use of chitosan films containing MONT-CLX as a potential wound dressing material to prevent microbial colonization in wounds. 28049050 2 23 theme antimicrobial 382:394 arg1 activity 396:403 antimicrobial activity 382:403 antimicrobial activity 382:403 A delivery system, able to release CLX in a localized and prolonged manner, could guarantee antimicrobial activity with reduced cytotoxic. 28049050 0 24 theme composite 39:47 arg1 films 49:53 Montmorillonite-chitosan-chlorhexidine composite films 0:53 Montmorillonite-chitosan-chlorhexidine composite films with antibiofilm activity and improved cytotoxicity for wound dressing. 0:125 Montmorillonite-chitosan-chlorhexidine composite films with antibiofilm activity and improved cytotoxicity for wound dressing. 28049050 3 25 theme able 544:547 arg1 CLX 539:541 CLX 539:541 CLX 539:541 Thus in this work the preparation and characterization of chitosan/montmorillonite composite films containing CLX, able to offer a prolonged CLX release, is described. 28049050 11 26 theme containing 1352:1361 arg1 MONT-CLX 1363:1370 the film containing MONT-CLX 1343:1370 the film containing MONT-CLX at 1% CLX concentration 1343:1394 As concerns cytotoxicity the film containing MONT-CLX at 1% CLX concentration resulted no cytotoxic. 28049050 0 27 theme Montmorillonite-chitosan-chlorhexidine 0:37 arg1 films 49:53 Montmorillonite-chitosan-chlorhexidine composite films 0:53 Montmorillonite-chitosan-chlorhexidine composite films with antibiofilm activity and improved cytotoxicity for wound dressing. 0:125 Montmorillonite-chitosan-chlorhexidine composite films with antibiofilm activity and improved cytotoxicity for wound dressing. 28049050 12 28 theme potential 1502:1510 arg1 MONT-CLX 1488:1495 MONT-CLX 1488:1495 MONT-CLX 1488:1495 These results confirm the potential use of chitosan films containing MONT-CLX as a potential wound dressing material to prevent microbial colonization in wounds. 28049050 12 28 theme potential 1502:1510 arg1 material 1527:1534 a potential wound dressing material 1500:1534 a potential wound dressing material 1500:1534 These results confirm the potential use of chitosan films containing MONT-CLX as a potential wound dressing material to prevent microbial colonization in wounds. 28049050 1 29 theme HYPOTHESIS 127:136 arg1 agent 182:186 a good antimicrobial agent 161:186 a good antimicrobial agent 161:186 HYPOTHESIS Chlorhexidine (CLX) is a good antimicrobial agent, but its use in treatment of wounds is limited because of its cytotoxicity towards human fibroblasts. 28049050 1 29 theme HYPOTHESIS 127:136 arg1 CLX 153:155 CLX 153:155 CLX 153:155 HYPOTHESIS Chlorhexidine (CLX) is a good antimicrobial agent, but its use in treatment of wounds is limited because of its cytotoxicity towards human fibroblasts. 28049050 1 29 theme HYPOTHESIS 127:136 arg1 Chlorhexidine 138:150 HYPOTHESIS Chlorhexidine 127:150 HYPOTHESIS Chlorhexidine (CLX) 127:156 HYPOTHESIS Chlorhexidine (CLX) is a good antimicrobial agent, but its use in treatment of wounds is limited because of its cytotoxicity towards human fibroblasts. 28049050 5 30 theme powder 837:842 arg1 XRPD 857:860 XRPD 857:860 XRPD 857:860 EXPERIMENTAL CLX was intercalated between the layers of montmorillonite (MONT-Na), and the intercalated product (MONT-CLX) was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and FT-IR spectroscopy. 28049050 5 30 theme powder 837:842 arg1 diffraction 844:854 X-ray powder diffraction 831:854 X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) 831:861 EXPERIMENTAL CLX was intercalated between the layers of montmorillonite (MONT-Na), and the intercalated product (MONT-CLX) was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and FT-IR spectroscopy. 28049050 3 31 theme CLX 570:572 arg1 release 574:580 a prolonged CLX release 558:580 a prolonged CLX release 558:580 Thus in this work the preparation and characterization of chitosan/montmorillonite composite films containing CLX, able to offer a prolonged CLX release, is described. 28049050 11 32 theme CLX 1378:1380 arg1 concentration 1382:1394 1% CLX concentration 1375:1394 1% CLX concentration 1375:1394 As concerns cytotoxicity the film containing MONT-CLX at 1% CLX concentration resulted no cytotoxic. 28049050 6 33 theme chitosan/MONT-CLX 926:942 arg1 films 944:948 chitosan/MONT-CLX films 926:948 chitosan/MONT-CLX films 926:948 Then chitosan/MONT-CLX films were prepared and characterized. 28049050 12 34 from colonization 1557:1568 arg1 wounds 1573:1578 wounds 1573:1578 wounds 1573:1578 These results confirm the potential use of chitosan films containing MONT-CLX as a potential wound dressing material to prevent microbial colonization in wounds. 28049050 5 35 theme montmorillonite 743:757 arg1 layers 733:738 the layers 729:738 the layers of montmorillonite (MONT-Na) 729:767 EXPERIMENTAL CLX was intercalated between the layers of montmorillonite (MONT-Na), and the intercalated product (MONT-CLX) was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and FT-IR spectroscopy. 28049050 1 36 theme wounds 217:222 arg1 treatment 204:212 treatment 204:212 treatment of wounds 204:222 HYPOTHESIS Chlorhexidine (CLX) is a good antimicrobial agent, but its use in treatment of wounds is limited because of its cytotoxicity towards human fibroblasts. 28049050 0 37 theme antibiofilm 60:70 arg1 activity 72:79 antibiofilm activity 60:79 antibiofilm activity 60:79 Montmorillonite-chitosan-chlorhexidine composite films with antibiofilm activity and improved cytotoxicity for wound dressing. 28049050 12 38 theme potential 1445:1453 arg1 use 1455:1457 the potential use 1441:1457 the potential use of chitosan films containing MONT-CLX as a potential wound dressing material to prevent microbial colonization in wounds 1441:1578 These results confirm the potential use of chitosan films containing MONT-CLX as a potential wound dressing material to prevent microbial colonization in wounds. 28049050 11 39 theme % 1376:1376 arg1 concentration 1382:1394 1% CLX concentration 1375:1394 1% CLX concentration 1375:1394 As concerns cytotoxicity the film containing MONT-CLX at 1% CLX concentration resulted no cytotoxic. 28049050 9 40 theme human 1161:1165 arg1 keratinocytes 1172:1184 human skin keratinocytes 1161:1184 human skin keratinocytes 1161:1184 Cytotoxicity towards human skin keratinocytes and human fibroblasts HuDe was evaluated as well. 28049050 4 41 theme films 662:666 arg1 cytotoxicity 646:657 cytotoxicity 646:657 cytotoxicity 646:657 The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities and cytotoxicity of films were investigated. 28049050 4 41 theme films 662:666 arg1 activities 631:640 antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities 601:640 antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities 601:640 The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities and cytotoxicity of films were investigated. 28049050 0 42 theme improved 85:92 arg1 cytotoxicity 94:105 improved cytotoxicity 85:105 improved cytotoxicity 85:105 Montmorillonite-chitosan-chlorhexidine composite films with antibiofilm activity and improved cytotoxicity for wound dressing. 28049050 5 43 theme intercalated 778:789 arg1 MONT-CLX 800:807 MONT-CLX 800:807 MONT-CLX 800:807 EXPERIMENTAL CLX was intercalated between the layers of montmorillonite (MONT-Na), and the intercalated product (MONT-CLX) was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and FT-IR spectroscopy. 28049050 5 43 theme intercalated 778:789 arg1 product 791:797 the intercalated product 774:797 the intercalated product (MONT-CLX) 774:808 EXPERIMENTAL CLX was intercalated between the layers of montmorillonite (MONT-Na), and the intercalated product (MONT-CLX) was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and FT-IR spectroscopy. 28049050 0 44 with films 49:53 arg1 activity 72:79 antibiofilm activity 60:79 antibiofilm activity 60:79 Montmorillonite-chitosan-chlorhexidine composite films with antibiofilm activity and improved cytotoxicity for wound dressing. 28049050 0 44 with films 49:53 arg1 cytotoxicity 94:105 improved cytotoxicity 85:105 improved cytotoxicity 85:105 Montmorillonite-chitosan-chlorhexidine composite films with antibiofilm activity and improved cytotoxicity for wound dressing. 28049050 2 45 theme localized 334:342 arg1 manner 358:363 a localized and prolonged manner 332:363 a localized and prolonged manner 332:363 A delivery system, able to release CLX in a localized and prolonged manner, could guarantee antimicrobial activity with reduced cytotoxic. 28049050 3 46 theme films 522:526 arg1 preparation 451:461 preparation 451:461 preparation 451:461 Thus in this work the preparation and characterization of chitosan/montmorillonite composite films containing CLX, able to offer a prolonged CLX release, is described. 28049050 3 46 theme films 522:526 arg1 characterization 467:482 characterization 467:482 characterization 467:482 Thus in this work the preparation and characterization of chitosan/montmorillonite composite films containing CLX, able to offer a prolonged CLX release, is described. 28049050 8 47 theme antibiofilm 1116:1126 arg1 activities 1128:1137 antibiofilm activities 1116:1137 antibiofilm activities 1116:1137 All prepared films were tested for their antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. 28049050 4 48 dep activities 631:640 arg1 The 597:599 The 597:599 The 597:599 The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities and cytotoxicity of films were investigated. 28049050 2 49 theme able 309:312 arg1 system 301:306 A delivery system 290:306 A delivery system 290:306 A delivery system, able to release CLX in a localized and prolonged manner, could guarantee antimicrobial activity with reduced cytotoxic. 28049050 4 50 theme antibiofilm 619:629 arg1 activities 631:640 antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities 601:640 antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities 601:640 The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities and cytotoxicity of films were investigated. 28049050 12 51 theme chitosan 1462:1469 arg1 films 1471:1475 chitosan films 1462:1475 chitosan films containing MONT-CLX as a potential wound dressing material 1462:1534 These results confirm the potential use of chitosan films containing MONT-CLX as a potential wound dressing material to prevent microbial colonization in wounds. 28049050 3 52 dep preparation 451:461 arg1 the 447:449 the 447:449 the 447:449 Thus in this work the preparation and characterization of chitosan/montmorillonite composite films containing CLX, able to offer a prolonged CLX release, is described. 28049050 1 53 from use 197:199 arg1 treatment 204:212 treatment 204:212 treatment of wounds 204:222 HYPOTHESIS Chlorhexidine (CLX) is a good antimicrobial agent, but its use in treatment of wounds is limited because of its cytotoxicity towards human fibroblasts. 28049050 3 54 theme chitosan/montmorillonite 487:510 arg1 films 522:526 chitosan/montmorillonite composite films 487:526 chitosan/montmorillonite composite films containing CLX, able to offer a prolonged CLX release, 487:581 Thus in this work the preparation and characterization of chitosan/montmorillonite composite films containing CLX, able to offer a prolonged CLX release, is described. 28049050 10 55 theme good 1271:1274 arg1 activities 1306:1315 good antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities 1271:1315 good antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities 1271:1315 FINDINGS All prepared films showed good antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. 28049050 12 56 theme microbial 1547:1555 arg1 colonization 1557:1568 microbial colonization 1547:1568 microbial colonization in wounds 1547:1578 These results confirm the potential use of chitosan films containing MONT-CLX as a potential wound dressing material to prevent microbial colonization in wounds. 28049050 7 57 theme neat 1017:1020 arg1 CLX 1022:1024 neat CLX 1017:1024 neat CLX 1017:1024 For comparison, films loaded with neat CLX and MONT-Na/CLX were prepared. 28049050 1 58 theme good 163:166 arg1 Chlorhexidine 138:150 HYPOTHESIS Chlorhexidine 127:150 HYPOTHESIS Chlorhexidine (CLX) 127:156 HYPOTHESIS Chlorhexidine (CLX) is a good antimicrobial agent, but its use in treatment of wounds is limited because of its cytotoxicity towards human fibroblasts. 28049050 1 58 theme good 163:166 arg1 agent 182:186 a good antimicrobial agent 161:186 a good antimicrobial agent 161:186 HYPOTHESIS Chlorhexidine (CLX) is a good antimicrobial agent, but its use in treatment of wounds is limited because of its cytotoxicity towards human fibroblasts. 28049050 10 59 theme antimicrobial 1276:1288 arg1 activities 1306:1315 good antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities 1271:1315 good antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities 1271:1315 FINDINGS All prepared films showed good antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. 28049050 4 60 theme antimicrobial 601:613 arg1 activities 631:640 antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities 601:640 antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities 601:640 The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities and cytotoxicity of films were investigated. 28049050 12 61 theme wound 1512:1516 arg1 MONT-CLX 1488:1495 MONT-CLX 1488:1495 MONT-CLX 1488:1495 These results confirm the potential use of chitosan films containing MONT-CLX as a potential wound dressing material to prevent microbial colonization in wounds. 28049050 12 61 theme wound 1512:1516 arg1 material 1527:1534 a potential wound dressing material 1500:1534 a potential wound dressing material 1500:1534 These results confirm the potential use of chitosan films containing MONT-CLX as a potential wound dressing material to prevent microbial colonization in wounds. 28049050 1 62 theme antimicrobial 168:180 arg1 Chlorhexidine 138:150 HYPOTHESIS Chlorhexidine 127:150 HYPOTHESIS Chlorhexidine (CLX) 127:156 HYPOTHESIS Chlorhexidine (CLX) is a good antimicrobial agent, but its use in treatment of wounds is limited because of its cytotoxicity towards human fibroblasts. 28049050 1 62 theme antimicrobial 168:180 arg1 agent 182:186 a good antimicrobial agent 161:186 a good antimicrobial agent 161:186 HYPOTHESIS Chlorhexidine (CLX) is a good antimicrobial agent, but its use in treatment of wounds is limited because of its cytotoxicity towards human fibroblasts. 25498693 6 0 with modulus 1187:1193 arg1 stainings 1142:1150 positive stainings 1133:1150 positive stainings 1133:1150 Implantation of a chondrocytes/GCH-chitosan cryogel construct in a full-thickness articular cartilage defect regenerates cartilage with positive stainings for GAGs and COL II and an elastic modulus similar to the native cartilage. 25498693 5 1 theme collagen 968:975 arg1 secretion 986:994 type II collagen (COL II) secretion 960:994 type II collagen (COL II) secretion 960:994 Chondrocytes proliferate and redifferentiate in cryogels; chitosan diminishes cell proliferation but up-regulates glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and type II collagen (COL II) secretion. 25498693 6 2 from Implantation 997:1008 arg1 defect 1099:1104 a full-thickness articular cartilage defect 1062:1104 a full-thickness articular cartilage defect 1062:1104 Implantation of a chondrocytes/GCH-chitosan cryogel construct in a full-thickness articular cartilage defect regenerates cartilage with positive stainings for GAGs and COL II and an elastic modulus similar to the native cartilage. 25498693 6 3 theme cartilage 1089:1097 arg1 defect 1099:1104 a full-thickness articular cartilage defect 1062:1104 a full-thickness articular cartilage defect 1062:1104 Implantation of a chondrocytes/GCH-chitosan cryogel construct in a full-thickness articular cartilage defect regenerates cartilage with positive stainings for GAGs and COL II and an elastic modulus similar to the native cartilage. 25498693 6 4 theme native 1210:1215 arg1 cartilage 1217:1225 the native cartilage 1206:1225 the native cartilage 1206:1225 Implantation of a chondrocytes/GCH-chitosan cryogel construct in a full-thickness articular cartilage defect regenerates cartilage with positive stainings for GAGs and COL II and an elastic modulus similar to the native cartilage. 25498693 6 5 theme articular 1079:1087 arg1 cartilage 1089:1097 a full-thickness articular cartilage 1062:1097 a full-thickness articular cartilage defect 1062:1104 Implantation of a chondrocytes/GCH-chitosan cryogel construct in a full-thickness articular cartilage defect regenerates cartilage with positive stainings for GAGs and COL II and an elastic modulus similar to the native cartilage. 25498693 0 6 from Incorporation 0:12 arg1 gelatin/chondroitin-6-sulfate/hyaluronan 40:79 biomimetic gelatin/chondroitin-6-sulfate/hyaluronan 29:79 biomimetic gelatin/chondroitin-6-sulfate/hyaluronan 29:79 Incorporation of chitosan in biomimetic gelatin/chondroitin-6-sulfate/hyaluronan cryogel for cartilage tissue engineering. 25498693 2 7 theme 20 362:363 arg1 % 364:364 % 364:364 % 364:364 By incorporating chitosan in the cryogel to replace 20% gelatin, a GCH-chitosan cryogel was also synthesized and compared with GCH cryogel for scaffold mechanical properties and chondrocytes response. 25498693 2 8 theme % 364:364 arg1 gelatin 366:372 20% gelatin 362:372 20% gelatin 362:372 By incorporating chitosan in the cryogel to replace 20% gelatin, a GCH-chitosan cryogel was also synthesized and compared with GCH cryogel for scaffold mechanical properties and chondrocytes response. 25498693 6 9 theme full-thickness 1064:1077 arg1 cartilage 1089:1097 a full-thickness articular cartilage 1062:1097 a full-thickness articular cartilage defect 1062:1104 Implantation of a chondrocytes/GCH-chitosan cryogel construct in a full-thickness articular cartilage defect regenerates cartilage with positive stainings for GAGs and COL II and an elastic modulus similar to the native cartilage. 25498693 3 10 theme relaxation 624:633 arg1 percentage 635:644 lower stress relaxation percentage 611:644 lower stress relaxation percentage 611:644 The GCH-chitosan cryogel has larger pores, higher ultimate strain (stress) and elastic modulus, and lower stress relaxation percentage than the GCH cryogel. 25498693 6 11 theme elastic 1179:1185 arg1 modulus 1187:1193 an elastic modulus 1176:1193 an elastic modulus similar to the native cartilage 1176:1225 Implantation of a chondrocytes/GCH-chitosan cryogel construct in a full-thickness articular cartilage defect regenerates cartilage with positive stainings for GAGs and COL II and an elastic modulus similar to the native cartilage. 25498693 1 12 theme GCH 198:200 arg1 scaffold 211:218 an elastic macroporous gelatin/chondoitin-6-sulfate/hyaluronan (GCH) cryogel scaffold 134:218 an elastic macroporous gelatin/chondoitin-6-sulfate/hyaluronan (GCH) cryogel scaffold mimic the composition of cartilage extracellular matrix for cartilage tissue engineering 134:307 We prepare an elastic macroporous gelatin/chondoitin-6-sulfate/hyaluronan (GCH) cryogel scaffold mimic the composition of cartilage extracellular matrix for cartilage tissue engineering. 25498693 3 13 theme ultimate 561:568 arg1 stress 578:583 higher ultimate strain (stress) 554:584 higher ultimate strain (stress) 554:584 The GCH-chitosan cryogel has larger pores, higher ultimate strain (stress) and elastic modulus, and lower stress relaxation percentage than the GCH cryogel. 25498693 3 13 theme ultimate 561:568 arg1 pores 547:551 larger pores 540:551 larger pores 540:551 The GCH-chitosan cryogel has larger pores, higher ultimate strain (stress) and elastic modulus, and lower stress relaxation percentage than the GCH cryogel. 25498693 3 14 theme elastic 590:596 arg1 modulus 598:604 elastic modulus 590:604 elastic modulus 590:604 The GCH-chitosan cryogel has larger pores, higher ultimate strain (stress) and elastic modulus, and lower stress relaxation percentage than the GCH cryogel. 25498693 3 14 theme elastic 590:596 arg1 pores 547:551 larger pores 540:551 larger pores 540:551 The GCH-chitosan cryogel has larger pores, higher ultimate strain (stress) and elastic modulus, and lower stress relaxation percentage than the GCH cryogel. 25498693 2 15 theme scaffold 453:460 arg1 properties 473:482 scaffold mechanical properties 453:482 scaffold mechanical properties 453:482 By incorporating chitosan in the cryogel to replace 20% gelatin, a GCH-chitosan cryogel was also synthesized and compared with GCH cryogel for scaffold mechanical properties and chondrocytes response. 25498693 6 16 theme chondrocytes/GCH-chitosan 1015:1039 arg1 construct 1049:1057 a chondrocytes/GCH-chitosan cryogel construct 1013:1057 a chondrocytes/GCH-chitosan cryogel construct 1013:1057 Implantation of a chondrocytes/GCH-chitosan cryogel construct in a full-thickness articular cartilage defect regenerates cartilage with positive stainings for GAGs and COL II and an elastic modulus similar to the native cartilage. 25498693 3 17 theme GCH-chitosan 515:526 arg1 cryogel 528:534 The GCH-chitosan cryogel 511:534 The GCH-chitosan cryogel 511:534 The GCH-chitosan cryogel has larger pores, higher ultimate strain (stress) and elastic modulus, and lower stress relaxation percentage than the GCH cryogel. 25498693 4 18 theme elastic 696:702 arg1 property 704:711 a highly elastic property 687:711 a highly elastic property with a loss tangent around 0.1 687:742 Both cryogels show a highly elastic property with a loss tangent around 0.1, but chitosan incorporation increases the storage modulus (elasticity). 25498693 1 19 dep scaffold 211:218 arg1 mimic 220:224 mimic 220:224 mimic the composition of cartilage extracellular matrix for cartilage tissue engineering 220:307 We prepare an elastic macroporous gelatin/chondoitin-6-sulfate/hyaluronan (GCH) cryogel scaffold mimic the composition of cartilage extracellular matrix for cartilage tissue engineering. 25498693 3 20 theme stress 617:622 arg1 percentage 635:644 lower stress relaxation percentage 611:644 lower stress relaxation percentage 611:644 The GCH-chitosan cryogel has larger pores, higher ultimate strain (stress) and elastic modulus, and lower stress relaxation percentage than the GCH cryogel. 25498693 4 21 theme storage 786:792 arg1 elasticity 803:812 elasticity 803:812 elasticity 803:812 Both cryogels show a highly elastic property with a loss tangent around 0.1, but chitosan incorporation increases the storage modulus (elasticity). 25498693 4 21 theme storage 786:792 arg1 modulus 794:800 the storage modulus 782:800 the storage modulus (elasticity) 782:813 Both cryogels show a highly elastic property with a loss tangent around 0.1, but chitosan incorporation increases the storage modulus (elasticity). 25498693 2 22 theme GCH 437:439 arg1 cryogel 441:447 GCH cryogel 437:447 GCH cryogel for scaffold mechanical properties 437:482 By incorporating chitosan in the cryogel to replace 20% gelatin, a GCH-chitosan cryogel was also synthesized and compared with GCH cryogel for scaffold mechanical properties and chondrocytes response. 25498693 6 23 theme construct 1049:1057 arg1 Implantation 997:1008 Implantation 997:1008 Implantation of a chondrocytes/GCH-chitosan cryogel construct in a full-thickness articular cartilage defect 997:1104 Implantation of a chondrocytes/GCH-chitosan cryogel construct in a full-thickness articular cartilage defect regenerates cartilage with positive stainings for GAGs and COL II and an elastic modulus similar to the native cartilage. 25498693 3 24 theme lower 611:615 arg1 percentage 635:644 lower stress relaxation percentage 611:644 lower stress relaxation percentage 611:644 The GCH-chitosan cryogel has larger pores, higher ultimate strain (stress) and elastic modulus, and lower stress relaxation percentage than the GCH cryogel. 25498693 1 25 theme extracellular 255:267 arg1 matrix 269:274 cartilage extracellular matrix 245:274 cartilage extracellular matrix for cartilage tissue engineering 245:307 We prepare an elastic macroporous gelatin/chondoitin-6-sulfate/hyaluronan (GCH) cryogel scaffold mimic the composition of cartilage extracellular matrix for cartilage tissue engineering. 25498693 0 26 theme chitosan 17:24 arg1 Incorporation 0:12 Incorporation 0:12 Incorporation of chitosan in biomimetic gelatin/chondroitin-6-sulfate/hyaluronan 0:79 Incorporation of chitosan in biomimetic gelatin/chondroitin-6-sulfate/hyaluronan cryogel for cartilage tissue engineering. 25498693 6 27 theme cryogel 1041:1047 arg1 construct 1049:1057 a chondrocytes/GCH-chitosan cryogel construct 1013:1057 a chondrocytes/GCH-chitosan cryogel construct 1013:1057 Implantation of a chondrocytes/GCH-chitosan cryogel construct in a full-thickness articular cartilage defect regenerates cartilage with positive stainings for GAGs and COL II and an elastic modulus similar to the native cartilage. 25498693 3 28 contain has 536:538 arg2 pores 547:551 larger pores 540:551 larger pores 540:551 The GCH-chitosan cryogel has larger pores, higher ultimate strain (stress) and elastic modulus, and lower stress relaxation percentage than the GCH cryogel. 25498693 3 28 contain has 536:538 arg2 percentage 635:644 lower stress relaxation percentage 611:644 lower stress relaxation percentage 611:644 The GCH-chitosan cryogel has larger pores, higher ultimate strain (stress) and elastic modulus, and lower stress relaxation percentage than the GCH cryogel. 25498693 3 28 contain has 536:538 arg2 stress 578:583 higher ultimate strain (stress) 554:584 higher ultimate strain (stress) 554:584 The GCH-chitosan cryogel has larger pores, higher ultimate strain (stress) and elastic modulus, and lower stress relaxation percentage than the GCH cryogel. 25498693 3 28 contain has 536:538 arg2 modulus 598:604 elastic modulus 590:604 elastic modulus 590:604 The GCH-chitosan cryogel has larger pores, higher ultimate strain (stress) and elastic modulus, and lower stress relaxation percentage than the GCH cryogel. 25498693 3 28 contain has 536:538 arg1 cryogel 528:534 The GCH-chitosan cryogel 511:534 The GCH-chitosan cryogel 511:534 The GCH-chitosan cryogel has larger pores, higher ultimate strain (stress) and elastic modulus, and lower stress relaxation percentage than the GCH cryogel. 25498693 1 29 theme elastic 137:143 arg1 scaffold 211:218 an elastic macroporous gelatin/chondoitin-6-sulfate/hyaluronan (GCH) cryogel scaffold 134:218 an elastic macroporous gelatin/chondoitin-6-sulfate/hyaluronan (GCH) cryogel scaffold mimic the composition of cartilage extracellular matrix for cartilage tissue engineering 134:307 We prepare an elastic macroporous gelatin/chondoitin-6-sulfate/hyaluronan (GCH) cryogel scaffold mimic the composition of cartilage extracellular matrix for cartilage tissue engineering. 25498693 1 30 theme matrix 269:274 arg1 composition 230:240 the composition 226:240 the composition of cartilage extracellular matrix for cartilage tissue engineering 226:307 We prepare an elastic macroporous gelatin/chondoitin-6-sulfate/hyaluronan (GCH) cryogel scaffold mimic the composition of cartilage extracellular matrix for cartilage tissue engineering. 25498693 3 31 theme strain 570:575 arg1 stress 578:583 higher ultimate strain (stress) 554:584 higher ultimate strain (stress) 554:584 The GCH-chitosan cryogel has larger pores, higher ultimate strain (stress) and elastic modulus, and lower stress relaxation percentage than the GCH cryogel. 25498693 3 31 theme strain 570:575 arg1 pores 547:551 larger pores 540:551 larger pores 540:551 The GCH-chitosan cryogel has larger pores, higher ultimate strain (stress) and elastic modulus, and lower stress relaxation percentage than the GCH cryogel. 25498693 3 32 theme GCH 655:657 arg1 cryogel 659:665 the GCH cryogel 651:665 the GCH cryogel 651:665 The GCH-chitosan cryogel has larger pores, higher ultimate strain (stress) and elastic modulus, and lower stress relaxation percentage than the GCH cryogel. 25498693 1 33 theme cartilage 245:253 arg1 matrix 269:274 cartilage extracellular matrix 245:274 cartilage extracellular matrix for cartilage tissue engineering 245:307 We prepare an elastic macroporous gelatin/chondoitin-6-sulfate/hyaluronan (GCH) cryogel scaffold mimic the composition of cartilage extracellular matrix for cartilage tissue engineering. 25498693 0 34 theme biomimetic 29:38 arg1 gelatin/chondroitin-6-sulfate/hyaluronan 40:79 biomimetic gelatin/chondroitin-6-sulfate/hyaluronan 29:79 biomimetic gelatin/chondroitin-6-sulfate/hyaluronan 29:79 Incorporation of chitosan in biomimetic gelatin/chondroitin-6-sulfate/hyaluronan cryogel for cartilage tissue engineering. 25498693 2 35 theme mechanical 462:471 arg1 properties 473:482 scaffold mechanical properties 453:482 scaffold mechanical properties 453:482 By incorporating chitosan in the cryogel to replace 20% gelatin, a GCH-chitosan cryogel was also synthesized and compared with GCH cryogel for scaffold mechanical properties and chondrocytes response. 25498693 6 36 theme positive 1133:1140 arg1 stainings 1142:1150 positive stainings 1133:1150 positive stainings 1133:1150 Implantation of a chondrocytes/GCH-chitosan cryogel construct in a full-thickness articular cartilage defect regenerates cartilage with positive stainings for GAGs and COL II and an elastic modulus similar to the native cartilage. 25498693 6 37 theme similar 1195:1201 arg1 modulus 1187:1193 an elastic modulus 1176:1193 an elastic modulus similar to the native cartilage 1176:1225 Implantation of a chondrocytes/GCH-chitosan cryogel construct in a full-thickness articular cartilage defect regenerates cartilage with positive stainings for GAGs and COL II and an elastic modulus similar to the native cartilage. 25498693 1 38 theme macroporous 145:155 arg1 scaffold 211:218 an elastic macroporous gelatin/chondoitin-6-sulfate/hyaluronan (GCH) cryogel scaffold 134:218 an elastic macroporous gelatin/chondoitin-6-sulfate/hyaluronan (GCH) cryogel scaffold mimic the composition of cartilage extracellular matrix for cartilage tissue engineering 134:307 We prepare an elastic macroporous gelatin/chondoitin-6-sulfate/hyaluronan (GCH) cryogel scaffold mimic the composition of cartilage extracellular matrix for cartilage tissue engineering. 25498693 4 39 with property 704:711 arg1 tangent 725:731 a loss tangent 718:731 a loss tangent around 0.1 718:742 Both cryogels show a highly elastic property with a loss tangent around 0.1, but chitosan incorporation increases the storage modulus (elasticity). 25498693 6 40 with cartilage 1118:1126 arg1 stainings 1142:1150 positive stainings 1133:1150 positive stainings 1133:1150 Implantation of a chondrocytes/GCH-chitosan cryogel construct in a full-thickness articular cartilage defect regenerates cartilage with positive stainings for GAGs and COL II and an elastic modulus similar to the native cartilage. 25498693 1 41 theme gelatin/chondoitin-6-sulfate/hyaluronan 157:195 arg1 scaffold 211:218 an elastic macroporous gelatin/chondoitin-6-sulfate/hyaluronan (GCH) cryogel scaffold 134:218 an elastic macroporous gelatin/chondoitin-6-sulfate/hyaluronan (GCH) cryogel scaffold mimic the composition of cartilage extracellular matrix for cartilage tissue engineering 134:307 We prepare an elastic macroporous gelatin/chondoitin-6-sulfate/hyaluronan (GCH) cryogel scaffold mimic the composition of cartilage extracellular matrix for cartilage tissue engineering. 25498693 4 42 theme loss 720:723 arg1 tangent 725:731 a loss tangent 718:731 a loss tangent around 0.1 718:742 Both cryogels show a highly elastic property with a loss tangent around 0.1, but chitosan incorporation increases the storage modulus (elasticity). 25498693 2 43 dep cryogel 441:447 arg1 response 501:508 response 501:508 response 501:508 By incorporating chitosan in the cryogel to replace 20% gelatin, a GCH-chitosan cryogel was also synthesized and compared with GCH cryogel for scaffold mechanical properties and chondrocytes response. 25498693 1 44 theme tissue 290:295 arg1 engineering 297:307 cartilage tissue engineering 280:307 cartilage tissue engineering 280:307 We prepare an elastic macroporous gelatin/chondoitin-6-sulfate/hyaluronan (GCH) cryogel scaffold mimic the composition of cartilage extracellular matrix for cartilage tissue engineering. 25498693 2 45 theme GCH-chitosan 377:388 arg1 cryogel 390:396 a GCH-chitosan cryogel 375:396 a GCH-chitosan cryogel 375:396 By incorporating chitosan in the cryogel to replace 20% gelatin, a GCH-chitosan cryogel was also synthesized and compared with GCH cryogel for scaffold mechanical properties and chondrocytes response. 25498693 0 46 theme tissue 103:108 arg1 engineering 110:120 cartilage tissue engineering 93:120 cartilage tissue engineering 93:120 Incorporation of chitosan in biomimetic gelatin/chondroitin-6-sulfate/hyaluronan cryogel for cartilage tissue engineering. 25498693 1 47 theme cartilage 280:288 arg1 engineering 297:307 cartilage tissue engineering 280:307 cartilage tissue engineering 280:307 We prepare an elastic macroporous gelatin/chondoitin-6-sulfate/hyaluronan (GCH) cryogel scaffold mimic the composition of cartilage extracellular matrix for cartilage tissue engineering. 25498693 3 48 theme larger 540:545 arg1 stress 578:583 higher ultimate strain (stress) 554:584 higher ultimate strain (stress) 554:584 The GCH-chitosan cryogel has larger pores, higher ultimate strain (stress) and elastic modulus, and lower stress relaxation percentage than the GCH cryogel. 25498693 3 48 theme larger 540:545 arg1 modulus 598:604 elastic modulus 590:604 elastic modulus 590:604 The GCH-chitosan cryogel has larger pores, higher ultimate strain (stress) and elastic modulus, and lower stress relaxation percentage than the GCH cryogel. 25498693 3 48 theme larger 540:545 arg1 pores 547:551 larger pores 540:551 larger pores 540:551 The GCH-chitosan cryogel has larger pores, higher ultimate strain (stress) and elastic modulus, and lower stress relaxation percentage than the GCH cryogel. 25498693 5 49 theme type 960:963 arg1 collagen 968:975 type II collagen 960:975 type II collagen (COL II) secretion 960:994 Chondrocytes proliferate and redifferentiate in cryogels; chitosan diminishes cell proliferation but up-regulates glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and type II collagen (COL II) secretion. 25498693 5 49 theme type 960:963 arg1 COL 978:980 COL II 978:983 COL II 978:983 Chondrocytes proliferate and redifferentiate in cryogels; chitosan diminishes cell proliferation but up-regulates glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and type II collagen (COL II) secretion. 25498693 3 50 theme higher 554:559 arg1 stress 578:583 higher ultimate strain (stress) 554:584 higher ultimate strain (stress) 554:584 The GCH-chitosan cryogel has larger pores, higher ultimate strain (stress) and elastic modulus, and lower stress relaxation percentage than the GCH cryogel. 25498693 3 50 theme higher 554:559 arg1 pores 547:551 larger pores 540:551 larger pores 540:551 The GCH-chitosan cryogel has larger pores, higher ultimate strain (stress) and elastic modulus, and lower stress relaxation percentage than the GCH cryogel. 25498693 0 51 theme cartilage 93:101 arg1 engineering 110:120 cartilage tissue engineering 93:120 cartilage tissue engineering 93:120 Incorporation of chitosan in biomimetic gelatin/chondroitin-6-sulfate/hyaluronan cryogel for cartilage tissue engineering. 25498693 5 52 theme cell 894:897 arg1 proliferation 899:911 cell proliferation 894:911 cell proliferation 894:911 Chondrocytes proliferate and redifferentiate in cryogels; chitosan diminishes cell proliferation but up-regulates glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and type II collagen (COL II) secretion. 25498693 1 53 theme cryogel 203:209 arg1 scaffold 211:218 an elastic macroporous gelatin/chondoitin-6-sulfate/hyaluronan (GCH) cryogel scaffold 134:218 an elastic macroporous gelatin/chondoitin-6-sulfate/hyaluronan (GCH) cryogel scaffold mimic the composition of cartilage extracellular matrix for cartilage tissue engineering 134:307 We prepare an elastic macroporous gelatin/chondoitin-6-sulfate/hyaluronan (GCH) cryogel scaffold mimic the composition of cartilage extracellular matrix for cartilage tissue engineering. 25498693 4 54 theme chitosan 749:756 arg1 incorporation 758:770 chitosan incorporation 749:770 chitosan incorporation 749:770 Both cryogels show a highly elastic property with a loss tangent around 0.1, but chitosan incorporation increases the storage modulus (elasticity). 25439897 3 0 theme spherical 349:357 arg1 morphology 359:368 a spherical morphology 347:368 a spherical morphology 347:368 The synthesis of single-phase zinc oxide with a spherical morphology is conditioned by the presence of starch, which acts as template, stabilizing/capping agent. 25439897 4 1 theme phenol 545:550 arg1 mineralization 552:565 a total phenol mineralization 537:565 a total phenol mineralization 537:565 The synthesized structures present significant photocatalytic activities; a total phenol mineralization is attained with the donut-like ZnO photocatalyst under visible light irradiation, due to a cumulative effect of the its relatively large specific surface area, high crystallinity and favorable combination of defects for band narrowing, which together permit an enhanced utilization rate of the light. 25439897 4 2 theme favorable 751:759 arg1 combination 761:771 favorable combination 751:771 favorable combination 751:771 The synthesized structures present significant photocatalytic activities; a total phenol mineralization is attained with the donut-like ZnO photocatalyst under visible light irradiation, due to a cumulative effect of the its relatively large specific surface area, high crystallinity and favorable combination of defects for band narrowing, which together permit an enhanced utilization rate of the light. 25439897 0 3 theme structures 74:83 arg1 route 37:41 synthetic route 27:41 synthetic route of multi-spheres and donut ZnO structures 27:83 Biopolymer starch mediated synthetic route of multi-spheres and donut ZnO structures. 25439897 4 4 theme synthesized 467:477 arg1 structures 479:488 The synthesized structures 463:488 The synthesized structures 463:488 The synthesized structures present significant photocatalytic activities; a total phenol mineralization is attained with the donut-like ZnO photocatalyst under visible light irradiation, due to a cumulative effect of the its relatively large specific surface area, high crystallinity and favorable combination of defects for band narrowing, which together permit an enhanced utilization rate of the light. 25439897 4 5 theme significant 498:508 arg1 activities 525:534 significant photocatalytic activities 498:534 significant photocatalytic activities 498:534 The synthesized structures present significant photocatalytic activities; a total phenol mineralization is attained with the donut-like ZnO photocatalyst under visible light irradiation, due to a cumulative effect of the its relatively large specific surface area, high crystallinity and favorable combination of defects for band narrowing, which together permit an enhanced utilization rate of the light. 25439897 4 6 dep area 722:725 arg1 the 680:682 the 680:682 the 680:682 The synthesized structures present significant photocatalytic activities; a total phenol mineralization is attained with the donut-like ZnO photocatalyst under visible light irradiation, due to a cumulative effect of the its relatively large specific surface area, high crystallinity and favorable combination of defects for band narrowing, which together permit an enhanced utilization rate of the light. 25439897 4 7 theme defects 776:782 arg1 area 722:725 its relatively large specific surface area 684:725 its relatively large specific surface area 684:725 The synthesized structures present significant photocatalytic activities; a total phenol mineralization is attained with the donut-like ZnO photocatalyst under visible light irradiation, due to a cumulative effect of the its relatively large specific surface area, high crystallinity and favorable combination of defects for band narrowing, which together permit an enhanced utilization rate of the light. 25439897 4 7 theme defects 776:782 arg1 crystallinity 733:745 high crystallinity 728:745 high crystallinity 728:745 The synthesized structures present significant photocatalytic activities; a total phenol mineralization is attained with the donut-like ZnO photocatalyst under visible light irradiation, due to a cumulative effect of the its relatively large specific surface area, high crystallinity and favorable combination of defects for band narrowing, which together permit an enhanced utilization rate of the light. 25439897 4 7 theme defects 776:782 arg1 combination 761:771 favorable combination 751:771 favorable combination 751:771 The synthesized structures present significant photocatalytic activities; a total phenol mineralization is attained with the donut-like ZnO photocatalyst under visible light irradiation, due to a cumulative effect of the its relatively large specific surface area, high crystallinity and favorable combination of defects for band narrowing, which together permit an enhanced utilization rate of the light. 25439897 4 8 theme enhanced 829:836 arg1 rate 850:853 an enhanced utilization rate 826:853 an enhanced utilization rate of the light 826:866 The synthesized structures present significant photocatalytic activities; a total phenol mineralization is attained with the donut-like ZnO photocatalyst under visible light irradiation, due to a cumulative effect of the its relatively large specific surface area, high crystallinity and favorable combination of defects for band narrowing, which together permit an enhanced utilization rate of the light. 25439897 4 9 theme surface 714:720 arg1 area 722:725 its relatively large specific surface area 684:725 its relatively large specific surface area 684:725 The synthesized structures present significant photocatalytic activities; a total phenol mineralization is attained with the donut-like ZnO photocatalyst under visible light irradiation, due to a cumulative effect of the its relatively large specific surface area, high crystallinity and favorable combination of defects for band narrowing, which together permit an enhanced utilization rate of the light. 25439897 4 10 theme due 650:652 arg1 irradiation 637:647 visible light irradiation 623:647 visible light irradiation 623:647 The synthesized structures present significant photocatalytic activities; a total phenol mineralization is attained with the donut-like ZnO photocatalyst under visible light irradiation, due to a cumulative effect of the its relatively large specific surface area, high crystallinity and favorable combination of defects for band narrowing, which together permit an enhanced utilization rate of the light. 25439897 4 11 theme total 539:543 arg1 mineralization 552:565 a total phenol mineralization 537:565 a total phenol mineralization 537:565 The synthesized structures present significant photocatalytic activities; a total phenol mineralization is attained with the donut-like ZnO photocatalyst under visible light irradiation, due to a cumulative effect of the its relatively large specific surface area, high crystallinity and favorable combination of defects for band narrowing, which together permit an enhanced utilization rate of the light. 25439897 4 12 theme photocatalytic 510:523 arg1 activities 525:534 significant photocatalytic activities 498:534 significant photocatalytic activities 498:534 The synthesized structures present significant photocatalytic activities; a total phenol mineralization is attained with the donut-like ZnO photocatalyst under visible light irradiation, due to a cumulative effect of the its relatively large specific surface area, high crystallinity and favorable combination of defects for band narrowing, which together permit an enhanced utilization rate of the light. 25439897 4 13 theme visible 623:629 arg1 irradiation 637:647 visible light irradiation 623:647 visible light irradiation 623:647 The synthesized structures present significant photocatalytic activities; a total phenol mineralization is attained with the donut-like ZnO photocatalyst under visible light irradiation, due to a cumulative effect of the its relatively large specific surface area, high crystallinity and favorable combination of defects for band narrowing, which together permit an enhanced utilization rate of the light. 25439897 0 14 theme Biopolymer 0:9 arg1 starch 11:16 Biopolymer starch 0:16 Biopolymer starch 0:16 Biopolymer starch mediated synthetic route of multi-spheres and donut ZnO structures. 25439897 2 15 with formation 256:264 arg1 morphology 289:298 donut-like morphology 278:298 donut-like morphology 278:298 An additional thermal processing of the ZnO-starch composites induces the formation of ZnO with donut-like morphology. 25439897 1 16 theme starch-assisted 88:102 arg1 methodology 114:124 A starch-assisted synthetic methodology 86:124 A starch-assisted synthetic methodology of multispheres ZnO-starch biocomposites 86:165 A starch-assisted synthetic methodology of multispheres ZnO-starch biocomposites was developed. 25439897 4 17 theme area 722:725 arg1 effect 670:675 a cumulative effect 657:675 a cumulative effect of the its relatively large specific surface area, high crystallinity and favorable combination of defects for band narrowing 657:801 The synthesized structures present significant photocatalytic activities; a total phenol mineralization is attained with the donut-like ZnO photocatalyst under visible light irradiation, due to a cumulative effect of the its relatively large specific surface area, high crystallinity and favorable combination of defects for band narrowing, which together permit an enhanced utilization rate of the light. 25439897 3 18 theme starch 404:409 arg1 presence 392:399 the presence 388:399 the presence 388:399 The synthesis of single-phase zinc oxide with a spherical morphology is conditioned by the presence of starch, which acts as template, stabilizing/capping agent. 25439897 1 19 theme synthetic 104:112 arg1 methodology 114:124 A starch-assisted synthetic methodology 86:124 A starch-assisted synthetic methodology of multispheres ZnO-starch biocomposites 86:165 A starch-assisted synthetic methodology of multispheres ZnO-starch biocomposites was developed. 25439897 4 20 theme band 788:791 arg1 narrowing 793:801 band narrowing 788:801 band narrowing 788:801 The synthesized structures present significant photocatalytic activities; a total phenol mineralization is attained with the donut-like ZnO photocatalyst under visible light irradiation, due to a cumulative effect of the its relatively large specific surface area, high crystallinity and favorable combination of defects for band narrowing, which together permit an enhanced utilization rate of the light. 25439897 4 21 theme light 631:635 arg1 irradiation 637:647 visible light irradiation 623:647 visible light irradiation 623:647 The synthesized structures present significant photocatalytic activities; a total phenol mineralization is attained with the donut-like ZnO photocatalyst under visible light irradiation, due to a cumulative effect of the its relatively large specific surface area, high crystallinity and favorable combination of defects for band narrowing, which together permit an enhanced utilization rate of the light. 25439897 3 22 theme single-phase 318:329 arg1 oxide 336:340 single-phase zinc oxide 318:340 single-phase zinc oxide 318:340 The synthesis of single-phase zinc oxide with a spherical morphology is conditioned by the presence of starch, which acts as template, stabilizing/capping agent. 25439897 3 23 with synthesis 305:313 arg1 morphology 359:368 a spherical morphology 347:368 a spherical morphology 347:368 The synthesis of single-phase zinc oxide with a spherical morphology is conditioned by the presence of starch, which acts as template, stabilizing/capping agent. 25439897 4 24 theme combination 761:771 arg1 effect 670:675 a cumulative effect 657:675 a cumulative effect of the its relatively large specific surface area, high crystallinity and favorable combination of defects for band narrowing 657:801 The synthesized structures present significant photocatalytic activities; a total phenol mineralization is attained with the donut-like ZnO photocatalyst under visible light irradiation, due to a cumulative effect of the its relatively large specific surface area, high crystallinity and favorable combination of defects for band narrowing, which together permit an enhanced utilization rate of the light. 25439897 2 25 theme ZnO 269:271 arg1 formation 256:264 the formation 252:264 the formation of ZnO with donut-like morphology 252:298 An additional thermal processing of the ZnO-starch composites induces the formation of ZnO with donut-like morphology. 25439897 4 26 theme large 699:703 arg1 area 722:725 its relatively large specific surface area 684:725 its relatively large specific surface area 684:725 The synthesized structures present significant photocatalytic activities; a total phenol mineralization is attained with the donut-like ZnO photocatalyst under visible light irradiation, due to a cumulative effect of the its relatively large specific surface area, high crystallinity and favorable combination of defects for band narrowing, which together permit an enhanced utilization rate of the light. 25439897 2 27 theme thermal 196:202 arg1 processing 204:213 An additional thermal processing 182:213 An additional thermal processing of the ZnO-starch composites 182:242 An additional thermal processing of the ZnO-starch composites induces the formation of ZnO with donut-like morphology. 25439897 0 28 theme synthetic 27:35 arg1 route 37:41 synthetic route 27:41 synthetic route of multi-spheres and donut ZnO structures 27:83 Biopolymer starch mediated synthetic route of multi-spheres and donut ZnO structures. 25439897 2 29 theme additional 185:194 arg1 processing 204:213 An additional thermal processing 182:213 An additional thermal processing of the ZnO-starch composites 182:242 An additional thermal processing of the ZnO-starch composites induces the formation of ZnO with donut-like morphology. 25439897 0 30 theme multi-spheres 46:58 arg1 route 37:41 synthetic route 27:41 synthetic route of multi-spheres and donut ZnO structures 27:83 Biopolymer starch mediated synthetic route of multi-spheres and donut ZnO structures. 25439897 4 31 theme ZnO 599:601 arg1 photocatalyst 603:615 the donut-like ZnO photocatalyst 584:615 the donut-like ZnO photocatalyst 584:615 The synthesized structures present significant photocatalytic activities; a total phenol mineralization is attained with the donut-like ZnO photocatalyst under visible light irradiation, due to a cumulative effect of the its relatively large specific surface area, high crystallinity and favorable combination of defects for band narrowing, which together permit an enhanced utilization rate of the light. 25439897 1 32 theme multispheres 129:140 arg1 biocomposites 153:165 multispheres ZnO-starch biocomposites 129:165 multispheres ZnO-starch biocomposites 129:165 A starch-assisted synthetic methodology of multispheres ZnO-starch biocomposites was developed. 25439897 4 33 theme donut-like 588:597 arg1 photocatalyst 603:615 the donut-like ZnO photocatalyst 584:615 the donut-like ZnO photocatalyst 584:615 The synthesized structures present significant photocatalytic activities; a total phenol mineralization is attained with the donut-like ZnO photocatalyst under visible light irradiation, due to a cumulative effect of the its relatively large specific surface area, high crystallinity and favorable combination of defects for band narrowing, which together permit an enhanced utilization rate of the light. 25439897 3 34 theme zinc 331:334 arg1 oxide 336:340 single-phase zinc oxide 318:340 single-phase zinc oxide 318:340 The synthesis of single-phase zinc oxide with a spherical morphology is conditioned by the presence of starch, which acts as template, stabilizing/capping agent. 25439897 2 35 theme composites 233:242 arg1 processing 204:213 An additional thermal processing 182:213 An additional thermal processing of the ZnO-starch composites 182:242 An additional thermal processing of the ZnO-starch composites induces the formation of ZnO with donut-like morphology. 25439897 4 36 theme light 862:866 arg1 rate 850:853 an enhanced utilization rate 826:853 an enhanced utilization rate of the light 826:866 The synthesized structures present significant photocatalytic activities; a total phenol mineralization is attained with the donut-like ZnO photocatalyst under visible light irradiation, due to a cumulative effect of the its relatively large specific surface area, high crystallinity and favorable combination of defects for band narrowing, which together permit an enhanced utilization rate of the light. 25439897 1 37 theme ZnO-starch 142:151 arg1 biocomposites 153:165 multispheres ZnO-starch biocomposites 129:165 multispheres ZnO-starch biocomposites 129:165 A starch-assisted synthetic methodology of multispheres ZnO-starch biocomposites was developed. 25439897 4 38 theme cumulative 659:668 arg1 effect 670:675 a cumulative effect 657:675 a cumulative effect of the its relatively large specific surface area, high crystallinity and favorable combination of defects for band narrowing 657:801 The synthesized structures present significant photocatalytic activities; a total phenol mineralization is attained with the donut-like ZnO photocatalyst under visible light irradiation, due to a cumulative effect of the its relatively large specific surface area, high crystallinity and favorable combination of defects for band narrowing, which together permit an enhanced utilization rate of the light. 25439897 3 39 theme oxide 336:340 arg1 synthesis 305:313 The synthesis 301:313 The synthesis of single-phase zinc oxide with a spherical morphology 301:368 The synthesis of single-phase zinc oxide with a spherical morphology is conditioned by the presence of starch, which acts as template, stabilizing/capping agent. 25439897 2 40 theme ZnO-starch 222:231 arg1 composites 233:242 the ZnO-starch composites 218:242 the ZnO-starch composites 218:242 An additional thermal processing of the ZnO-starch composites induces the formation of ZnO with donut-like morphology. 25439897 4 41 theme utilization 838:848 arg1 rate 850:853 an enhanced utilization rate 826:853 an enhanced utilization rate of the light 826:866 The synthesized structures present significant photocatalytic activities; a total phenol mineralization is attained with the donut-like ZnO photocatalyst under visible light irradiation, due to a cumulative effect of the its relatively large specific surface area, high crystallinity and favorable combination of defects for band narrowing, which together permit an enhanced utilization rate of the light. 25439897 1 42 theme biocomposites 153:165 arg1 methodology 114:124 A starch-assisted synthetic methodology 86:124 A starch-assisted synthetic methodology of multispheres ZnO-starch biocomposites 86:165 A starch-assisted synthetic methodology of multispheres ZnO-starch biocomposites was developed. 25439897 0 43 theme ZnO 70:72 arg1 structures 74:83 donut ZnO structures 64:83 donut ZnO structures 64:83 Biopolymer starch mediated synthetic route of multi-spheres and donut ZnO structures. 25439897 2 44 theme donut-like 278:287 arg1 morphology 289:298 donut-like morphology 278:298 donut-like morphology 278:298 An additional thermal processing of the ZnO-starch composites induces the formation of ZnO with donut-like morphology. 25439897 4 45 theme crystallinity 733:745 arg1 effect 670:675 a cumulative effect 657:675 a cumulative effect of the its relatively large specific surface area, high crystallinity and favorable combination of defects for band narrowing 657:801 The synthesized structures present significant photocatalytic activities; a total phenol mineralization is attained with the donut-like ZnO photocatalyst under visible light irradiation, due to a cumulative effect of the its relatively large specific surface area, high crystallinity and favorable combination of defects for band narrowing, which together permit an enhanced utilization rate of the light. 25439897 4 46 theme specific 705:712 arg1 area 722:725 its relatively large specific surface area 684:725 its relatively large specific surface area 684:725 The synthesized structures present significant photocatalytic activities; a total phenol mineralization is attained with the donut-like ZnO photocatalyst under visible light irradiation, due to a cumulative effect of the its relatively large specific surface area, high crystallinity and favorable combination of defects for band narrowing, which together permit an enhanced utilization rate of the light. 25439897 0 47 theme donut 64:68 arg1 structures 74:83 donut ZnO structures 64:83 donut ZnO structures 64:83 Biopolymer starch mediated synthetic route of multi-spheres and donut ZnO structures. 25439897 4 48 theme high 728:731 arg1 crystallinity 733:745 high crystallinity 728:745 high crystallinity 728:745 The synthesized structures present significant photocatalytic activities; a total phenol mineralization is attained with the donut-like ZnO photocatalyst under visible light irradiation, due to a cumulative effect of the its relatively large specific surface area, high crystallinity and favorable combination of defects for band narrowing, which together permit an enhanced utilization rate of the light. 28873554 0 0 theme alginates 77:85 arg1 activity 65:72 the gastroprotective activity 44:72 the gastroprotective activity of alginates from three different genus of Tunisian brown algae 44:136 Influence of the uronic acid composition on the gastroprotective activity of alginates from three different genus of Tunisian brown algae. 28873554 2 1 contain had 325:327 arg1 Alginate 289:296 Alginate 289:296 Alginate from Padina pavonica (APP) 289:323 Alginate from Padina pavonica (APP) had the highest molecular weight (Mw) with 147,000g/mol while it was 85,000g/mol for alginate from Cystoseira compressa (ACC) and 58,000g/mol for alginate from Dictyopteris membranaceae (ADM). 28873554 2 1 contain had 325:327 arg2 Mw 359:360 Mw 359:360 Mw 359:360 Alginate from Padina pavonica (APP) had the highest molecular weight (Mw) with 147,000g/mol while it was 85,000g/mol for alginate from Cystoseira compressa (ACC) and 58,000g/mol for alginate from Dictyopteris membranaceae (ADM). 28873554 2 1 contain had 325:327 arg2 weight 351:356 molecular weight 341:356 the highest molecular weight (Mw) 329:361 Alginate from Padina pavonica (APP) had the highest molecular weight (Mw) with 147,000g/mol while it was 85,000g/mol for alginate from Cystoseira compressa (ACC) and 58,000g/mol for alginate from Dictyopteris membranaceae (ADM). 28873554 2 2 from compressa 435:443 arg1 85,000g/mol 394:404 85,000g/mol 394:404 85,000g/mol for alginate from Cystoseira compressa (ACC) and 58,000g/mol for alginate from Dictyopteris membranaceae (ADM) 394:515 Alginate from Padina pavonica (APP) had the highest molecular weight (Mw) with 147,000g/mol while it was 85,000g/mol for alginate from Cystoseira compressa (ACC) and 58,000g/mol for alginate from Dictyopteris membranaceae (ADM). 28873554 2 3 theme molecular 341:349 arg1 weight 351:356 molecular weight 341:356 the highest molecular weight (Mw) 329:361 Alginate from Padina pavonica (APP) had the highest molecular weight (Mw) with 147,000g/mol while it was 85,000g/mol for alginate from Cystoseira compressa (ACC) and 58,000g/mol for alginate from Dictyopteris membranaceae (ADM). 28873554 2 3 theme molecular 341:349 arg1 Mw 359:360 Mw 359:360 Mw 359:360 Alginate from Padina pavonica (APP) had the highest molecular weight (Mw) with 147,000g/mol while it was 85,000g/mol for alginate from Cystoseira compressa (ACC) and 58,000g/mol for alginate from Dictyopteris membranaceae (ADM). 28873554 0 4 from Influence 0:8 arg1 activity 65:72 the gastroprotective activity 44:72 the gastroprotective activity of alginates from three different genus of Tunisian brown algae 44:136 Influence of the uronic acid composition on the gastroprotective activity of alginates from three different genus of Tunisian brown algae. 28873554 1 5 theme Solid-state 259:269 arg1 spectroscopy 275:286 Solid-state NMR spectroscopy 259:286 Solid-state NMR spectroscopy 259:286 Alginates from three genus of Tunisian brown algae were isolated and characterized by size exclusion chromatography and Solid-state NMR spectroscopy. 28873554 4 6 theme highest 866:872 arg1 inhibition 874:883 the highest inhibition 862:883 the highest inhibition of gastric lesions 862:902 An interesting gastroprotective effect was observed for the extracts; ADM and ACC exhibited the highest inhibition of gastric lesions, at 50mg/kg, with 83.41% and 75.39% respectively. 28873554 1 7 theme NMR 271:273 arg1 spectroscopy 275:286 Solid-state NMR spectroscopy 259:286 Solid-state NMR spectroscopy 259:286 Alginates from three genus of Tunisian brown algae were isolated and characterized by size exclusion chromatography and Solid-state NMR spectroscopy. 28873554 4 8 theme gastric 888:894 arg1 lesions 896:902 gastric lesions 888:902 gastric lesions 888:902 An interesting gastroprotective effect was observed for the extracts; ADM and ACC exhibited the highest inhibition of gastric lesions, at 50mg/kg, with 83.41% and 75.39% respectively. 28873554 5 9 theme gastroprotective 992:1007 arg1 effect 1009:1014 the gastroprotective effect 988:1014 the gastroprotective effect of alginates 988:1027 Otherwise, it has been shown that the gastroprotective effect of alginates depends mainly on their uronic acid composition. 28873554 0 10 theme different 98:106 arg1 genus 108:112 three different genus 92:112 three different genus of Tunisian brown algae 92:136 Influence of the uronic acid composition on the gastroprotective activity of alginates from three different genus of Tunisian brown algae. 28873554 4 11 theme gastroprotective 785:800 arg1 effect 802:807 An interesting gastroprotective effect 770:807 An interesting gastroprotective effect 770:807 An interesting gastroprotective effect was observed for the extracts; ADM and ACC exhibited the highest inhibition of gastric lesions, at 50mg/kg, with 83.41% and 75.39% respectively. 28873554 1 12 theme Tunisian 169:176 arg1 algae 184:188 Tunisian brown algae 169:188 Tunisian brown algae 169:188 Alginates from three genus of Tunisian brown algae were isolated and characterized by size exclusion chromatography and Solid-state NMR spectroscopy. 28873554 2 13 theme Cystoseira 424:433 arg1 ACC 446:448 ACC 446:448 ACC 446:448 Alginate from Padina pavonica (APP) had the highest molecular weight (Mw) with 147,000g/mol while it was 85,000g/mol for alginate from Cystoseira compressa (ACC) and 58,000g/mol for alginate from Dictyopteris membranaceae (ADM). 28873554 2 13 theme Cystoseira 424:433 arg1 compressa 435:443 Cystoseira compressa 424:443 Cystoseira compressa (ACC) 424:449 Alginate from Padina pavonica (APP) had the highest molecular weight (Mw) with 147,000g/mol while it was 85,000g/mol for alginate from Cystoseira compressa (ACC) and 58,000g/mol for alginate from Dictyopteris membranaceae (ADM). 28873554 3 14 theme acid-rich 695:703 arg1 alginates 705:713 mannuronic acid-rich alginates 684:713 mannuronic acid-rich alginates 684:713 The mannuronate (M) to guluronate (G) ratios were estimated from spectral deconvolution of the 13C CP/MAS spectra and the results has shown that all the extracts are mannuronic acid-rich alginates with M/G ratio increased in the order ADM - ACC - APP. 28873554 3 14 theme acid-rich 695:703 arg1 extracts 671:678 all the extracts 663:678 all the extracts 663:678 The mannuronate (M) to guluronate (G) ratios were estimated from spectral deconvolution of the 13C CP/MAS spectra and the results has shown that all the extracts are mannuronic acid-rich alginates with M/G ratio increased in the order ADM - ACC - APP. 28873554 4 15 theme interesting 773:783 arg1 effect 802:807 An interesting gastroprotective effect 770:807 An interesting gastroprotective effect 770:807 An interesting gastroprotective effect was observed for the extracts; ADM and ACC exhibited the highest inhibition of gastric lesions, at 50mg/kg, with 83.41% and 75.39% respectively. 28873554 2 16 from membranaceae 498:509 arg1 ACC 446:448 ACC 446:448 ACC 446:448 Alginate from Padina pavonica (APP) had the highest molecular weight (Mw) with 147,000g/mol while it was 85,000g/mol for alginate from Cystoseira compressa (ACC) and 58,000g/mol for alginate from Dictyopteris membranaceae (ADM). 28873554 2 16 from membranaceae 498:509 arg1 58,000g/mol 455:465 58,000g/mol 455:465 58,000g/mol for alginate from Dictyopteris membranaceae (ADM) 455:515 Alginate from Padina pavonica (APP) had the highest molecular weight (Mw) with 147,000g/mol while it was 85,000g/mol for alginate from Cystoseira compressa (ACC) and 58,000g/mol for alginate from Dictyopteris membranaceae (ADM). 28873554 2 16 from membranaceae 498:509 arg1 compressa 435:443 Cystoseira compressa 424:443 Cystoseira compressa (ACC) 424:449 Alginate from Padina pavonica (APP) had the highest molecular weight (Mw) with 147,000g/mol while it was 85,000g/mol for alginate from Cystoseira compressa (ACC) and 58,000g/mol for alginate from Dictyopteris membranaceae (ADM). 28873554 1 17 theme brown 178:182 arg1 algae 184:188 Tunisian brown algae 169:188 Tunisian brown algae 169:188 Alginates from three genus of Tunisian brown algae were isolated and characterized by size exclusion chromatography and Solid-state NMR spectroscopy. 28873554 0 18 theme uronic 17:22 arg1 composition 29:39 the uronic acid composition 13:39 the uronic acid composition 13:39 Influence of the uronic acid composition on the gastroprotective activity of alginates from three different genus of Tunisian brown algae. 28873554 0 19 theme Tunisian 117:124 arg1 algae 132:136 Tunisian brown algae 117:136 Tunisian brown algae 117:136 Influence of the uronic acid composition on the gastroprotective activity of alginates from three different genus of Tunisian brown algae. 28873554 1 20 theme algae 184:188 arg1 genus 160:164 three genus 154:164 three genus of Tunisian brown algae 154:188 Alginates from three genus of Tunisian brown algae were isolated and characterized by size exclusion chromatography and Solid-state NMR spectroscopy. 28873554 2 21 theme Padina 303:308 arg1 pavonica 310:317 Padina pavonica 303:317 Padina pavonica (APP) 303:323 Alginate from Padina pavonica (APP) had the highest molecular weight (Mw) with 147,000g/mol while it was 85,000g/mol for alginate from Cystoseira compressa (ACC) and 58,000g/mol for alginate from Dictyopteris membranaceae (ADM). 28873554 2 21 theme Padina 303:308 arg1 APP 320:322 APP 320:322 APP 320:322 Alginate from Padina pavonica (APP) had the highest molecular weight (Mw) with 147,000g/mol while it was 85,000g/mol for alginate from Cystoseira compressa (ACC) and 58,000g/mol for alginate from Dictyopteris membranaceae (ADM). 28873554 3 22 theme spectra 624:630 arg1 deconvolution 592:604 spectral deconvolution 583:604 spectral deconvolution of the 13C CP/MAS spectra and the results 583:646 The mannuronate (M) to guluronate (G) ratios were estimated from spectral deconvolution of the 13C CP/MAS spectra and the results has shown that all the extracts are mannuronic acid-rich alginates with M/G ratio increased in the order ADM - ACC - APP. 28873554 0 23 theme composition 29:39 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of the uronic acid composition on the gastroprotective activity of alginates from three different genus of Tunisian brown algae. 0:137 Influence of the uronic acid composition on the gastroprotective activity of alginates from three different genus of Tunisian brown algae. 28873554 3 24 theme mannuronic 684:693 arg1 alginates 705:713 mannuronic acid-rich alginates 684:713 mannuronic acid-rich alginates 684:713 The mannuronate (M) to guluronate (G) ratios were estimated from spectral deconvolution of the 13C CP/MAS spectra and the results has shown that all the extracts are mannuronic acid-rich alginates with M/G ratio increased in the order ADM - ACC - APP. 28873554 3 24 theme mannuronic 684:693 arg1 extracts 671:678 all the extracts 663:678 all the extracts 663:678 The mannuronate (M) to guluronate (G) ratios were estimated from spectral deconvolution of the 13C CP/MAS spectra and the results has shown that all the extracts are mannuronic acid-rich alginates with M/G ratio increased in the order ADM - ACC - APP. 28873554 0 25 theme algae 132:136 arg1 genus 108:112 three different genus 92:112 three different genus of Tunisian brown algae 92:136 Influence of the uronic acid composition on the gastroprotective activity of alginates from three different genus of Tunisian brown algae. 28873554 2 26 from 58,000g/mol 455:465 arg1 85,000g/mol 394:404 85,000g/mol 394:404 85,000g/mol for alginate from Cystoseira compressa (ACC) and 58,000g/mol for alginate from Dictyopteris membranaceae (ADM) 394:515 Alginate from Padina pavonica (APP) had the highest molecular weight (Mw) with 147,000g/mol while it was 85,000g/mol for alginate from Cystoseira compressa (ACC) and 58,000g/mol for alginate from Dictyopteris membranaceae (ADM). 28873554 0 27 theme acid 24:27 arg1 composition 29:39 the uronic acid composition 13:39 the uronic acid composition 13:39 Influence of the uronic acid composition on the gastroprotective activity of alginates from three different genus of Tunisian brown algae. 28873554 0 28 theme brown 126:130 arg1 algae 132:136 Tunisian brown algae 117:136 Tunisian brown algae 117:136 Influence of the uronic acid composition on the gastroprotective activity of alginates from three different genus of Tunisian brown algae. 28873554 0 29 from activity 65:72 arg1 genus 108:112 three different genus 92:112 three different genus of Tunisian brown algae 92:136 Influence of the uronic acid composition on the gastroprotective activity of alginates from three different genus of Tunisian brown algae. 28873554 5 30 theme uronic 1053:1058 arg1 composition 1065:1075 their uronic acid composition 1047:1075 their uronic acid composition 1047:1075 Otherwise, it has been shown that the gastroprotective effect of alginates depends mainly on their uronic acid composition. 28873554 4 31 theme lesions 896:902 arg1 inhibition 874:883 the highest inhibition 862:883 the highest inhibition of gastric lesions 862:902 An interesting gastroprotective effect was observed for the extracts; ADM and ACC exhibited the highest inhibition of gastric lesions, at 50mg/kg, with 83.41% and 75.39% respectively. 28873554 3 32 theme guluronate 541:550 arg1 ratios 556:561 guluronate (G) ratios 541:561 guluronate (G) ratios 541:561 The mannuronate (M) to guluronate (G) ratios were estimated from spectral deconvolution of the 13C CP/MAS spectra and the results has shown that all the extracts are mannuronic acid-rich alginates with M/G ratio increased in the order ADM - ACC - APP. 28873554 2 33 theme highest 333:339 arg1 weight 351:356 molecular weight 341:356 the highest molecular weight (Mw) 329:361 Alginate from Padina pavonica (APP) had the highest molecular weight (Mw) with 147,000g/mol while it was 85,000g/mol for alginate from Cystoseira compressa (ACC) and 58,000g/mol for alginate from Dictyopteris membranaceae (ADM). 28873554 2 33 theme highest 333:339 arg1 Mw 359:360 Mw 359:360 Mw 359:360 Alginate from Padina pavonica (APP) had the highest molecular weight (Mw) with 147,000g/mol while it was 85,000g/mol for alginate from Cystoseira compressa (ACC) and 58,000g/mol for alginate from Dictyopteris membranaceae (ADM). 28873554 3 34 theme results 640:646 arg1 deconvolution 592:604 spectral deconvolution 583:604 spectral deconvolution of the 13C CP/MAS spectra and the results 583:646 The mannuronate (M) to guluronate (G) ratios were estimated from spectral deconvolution of the 13C CP/MAS spectra and the results has shown that all the extracts are mannuronic acid-rich alginates with M/G ratio increased in the order ADM - ACC - APP. 28873554 5 35 theme acid 1060:1063 arg1 composition 1065:1075 their uronic acid composition 1047:1075 their uronic acid composition 1047:1075 Otherwise, it has been shown that the gastroprotective effect of alginates depends mainly on their uronic acid composition. 28873554 0 36 from genus 108:112 arg1 alginates 77:85 alginates 77:85 alginates from three different genus of Tunisian brown algae 77:136 Influence of the uronic acid composition on the gastroprotective activity of alginates from three different genus of Tunisian brown algae. 28873554 0 36 from genus 108:112 arg1 activity 65:72 the gastroprotective activity 44:72 the gastroprotective activity of alginates from three different genus of Tunisian brown algae 44:136 Influence of the uronic acid composition on the gastroprotective activity of alginates from three different genus of Tunisian brown algae. 28873554 3 37 theme spectral 583:590 arg1 deconvolution 592:604 spectral deconvolution 583:604 spectral deconvolution of the 13C CP/MAS spectra and the results 583:646 The mannuronate (M) to guluronate (G) ratios were estimated from spectral deconvolution of the 13C CP/MAS spectra and the results has shown that all the extracts are mannuronic acid-rich alginates with M/G ratio increased in the order ADM - ACC - APP. 28873554 3 38 theme M/G 720:722 arg1 ratio 724:728 M/G ratio 720:728 M/G ratio 720:728 The mannuronate (M) to guluronate (G) ratios were estimated from spectral deconvolution of the 13C CP/MAS spectra and the results has shown that all the extracts are mannuronic acid-rich alginates with M/G ratio increased in the order ADM - ACC - APP. 28873554 3 39 theme order 747:751 arg1 ACC 759:761 the order ADM - ACC 743:761 the order ADM - ACC 743:761 The mannuronate (M) to guluronate (G) ratios were estimated from spectral deconvolution of the 13C CP/MAS spectra and the results has shown that all the extracts are mannuronic acid-rich alginates with M/G ratio increased in the order ADM - ACC - APP. 28873554 3 40 theme 13C 613:615 arg1 spectra 624:630 the 13C CP/MAS spectra 609:630 the 13C CP/MAS spectra 609:630 The mannuronate (M) to guluronate (G) ratios were estimated from spectral deconvolution of the 13C CP/MAS spectra and the results has shown that all the extracts are mannuronic acid-rich alginates with M/G ratio increased in the order ADM - ACC - APP. 28873554 3 41 theme ADM 753:755 arg1 ACC 759:761 the order ADM - ACC 743:761 the order ADM - ACC 743:761 The mannuronate (M) to guluronate (G) ratios were estimated from spectral deconvolution of the 13C CP/MAS spectra and the results has shown that all the extracts are mannuronic acid-rich alginates with M/G ratio increased in the order ADM - ACC - APP. 28873554 3 42 theme CP/MAS 617:622 arg1 spectra 624:630 the 13C CP/MAS spectra 609:630 the 13C CP/MAS spectra 609:630 The mannuronate (M) to guluronate (G) ratios were estimated from spectral deconvolution of the 13C CP/MAS spectra and the results has shown that all the extracts are mannuronic acid-rich alginates with M/G ratio increased in the order ADM - ACC - APP. 28873554 1 43 theme size 225:228 arg1 chromatography 240:253 size exclusion chromatography 225:253 size exclusion chromatography 225:253 Alginates from three genus of Tunisian brown algae were isolated and characterized by size exclusion chromatography and Solid-state NMR spectroscopy. 28873554 0 44 theme gastroprotective 48:63 arg1 activity 65:72 the gastroprotective activity 44:72 the gastroprotective activity of alginates from three different genus of Tunisian brown algae 44:136 Influence of the uronic acid composition on the gastroprotective activity of alginates from three different genus of Tunisian brown algae. 28873554 5 45 theme alginates 1019:1027 arg1 effect 1009:1014 the gastroprotective effect 988:1014 the gastroprotective effect of alginates 988:1027 Otherwise, it has been shown that the gastroprotective effect of alginates depends mainly on their uronic acid composition. 28873554 1 46 from genus 160:164 arg1 Alginates 139:147 Alginates 139:147 Alginates from three genus of Tunisian brown algae 139:188 Alginates from three genus of Tunisian brown algae were isolated and characterized by size exclusion chromatography and Solid-state NMR spectroscopy. 28873554 2 47 from pavonica 310:317 arg1 Alginate 289:296 Alginate 289:296 Alginate from Padina pavonica (APP) 289:323 Alginate from Padina pavonica (APP) had the highest molecular weight (Mw) with 147,000g/mol while it was 85,000g/mol for alginate from Cystoseira compressa (ACC) and 58,000g/mol for alginate from Dictyopteris membranaceae (ADM). 28873554 1 48 theme exclusion 230:238 arg1 chromatography 240:253 size exclusion chromatography 225:253 size exclusion chromatography 225:253 Alginates from three genus of Tunisian brown algae were isolated and characterized by size exclusion chromatography and Solid-state NMR spectroscopy. 28576025 9 0 theme hybrid 1070:1075 arg1 microspheres 1077:1088 CMCS/Ag-HA hybrid microspheres 1059:1088 CMCS/Ag-HA hybrid microspheres 1059:1088 CMCS/Ag-HA hybrid microspheres showed excellent bactericidal property and biocompatibility; thus, they could be used in biomedical applications, such as infection-resistant bone replacement materials. 28576025 6 1 dep dispersion 687:696 arg1 exacerbated 698:708 exacerbated 698:708 exacerbated 698:708 As the content of CMCS increased, the size of the sample increased and dispersion exacerbated. 28576025 8 2 theme as-prepared 961:971 arg1 microspheres 991:1002 the as-prepared CMCS/Ag-HA hybrid microspheres 957:1002 the as-prepared CMCS/Ag-HA hybrid microspheres 957:1002 In vitro cell tests indicated that the as-prepared CMCS/Ag-HA hybrid microspheres promoted the proliferation and adhesion of MG63 cells. 28576025 8 3 theme In 922:923 arg1 tests 936:940 In vitro cell tests 922:940 In vitro cell tests 922:940 In vitro cell tests indicated that the as-prepared CMCS/Ag-HA hybrid microspheres promoted the proliferation and adhesion of MG63 cells. 28576025 6 4 theme CMCS 634:637 arg1 content 623:629 the content 619:629 the content of CMCS 619:637 As the content of CMCS increased, the size of the sample increased and dispersion exacerbated. 28576025 7 5 theme antimicrobial 724:736 arg1 studies 738:744 antimicrobial studies 724:744 antimicrobial studies 724:744 In addition, antimicrobial studies demonstrated that CMCS/Ag-HA hybrid microspheres exhibited an excellent antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus because of the synergistic effect of Ag+ and CMCS. 28576025 9 6 used used 1171:1174 arg2 they 1157:1160 they 1157:1160 they 1157:1160 CMCS/Ag-HA hybrid microspheres showed excellent bactericidal property and biocompatibility; thus, they could be used in biomedical applications, such as infection-resistant bone replacement materials. 28576025 3 7 theme gas 436:438 arg1 method 450:455 a facile gas diffusion method 427:455 a facile gas diffusion method 427:455 In this work, carboxylated chitosan/silver-hydroxyapatite (CMCS/Ag-HA) hybrid microspheres were fabricated via a facile gas diffusion method. 28576025 4 8 theme Ag 467:468 arg1 ion 470:472 Ag ion 467:472 Ag ion 467:472 CMCS and Ag ion were evenly distributed into hybrid microspheres. 28576025 8 9 theme hybrid 984:989 arg1 microspheres 991:1002 the as-prepared CMCS/Ag-HA hybrid microspheres 957:1002 the as-prepared CMCS/Ag-HA hybrid microspheres 957:1002 In vitro cell tests indicated that the as-prepared CMCS/Ag-HA hybrid microspheres promoted the proliferation and adhesion of MG63 cells. 28576025 2 10 dep property 241:248 arg1 the 222:224 the 222:224 the 222:224 A better compromise between the anti-infection property and biocompatibility of bone filling materials is still required. 28576025 3 11 theme diffusion 440:448 arg1 method 450:455 a facile gas diffusion method 427:455 a facile gas diffusion method 427:455 In this work, carboxylated chitosan/silver-hydroxyapatite (CMCS/Ag-HA) hybrid microspheres were fabricated via a facile gas diffusion method. 28576025 9 12 theme replacement 1237:1247 arg1 materials 1249:1257 infection-resistant bone replacement materials 1212:1257 infection-resistant bone replacement materials 1212:1257 CMCS/Ag-HA hybrid microspheres showed excellent bactericidal property and biocompatibility; thus, they could be used in biomedical applications, such as infection-resistant bone replacement materials. 28576025 5 13 theme as-synthesized 580:593 arg1 microspheres 602:613 the as-synthesized hybrid microspheres 576:613 the as-synthesized hybrid microspheres 576:613 CMCS regulated the morphological characteristics of the as-synthesized hybrid microspheres. 28576025 9 14 theme bactericidal 1107:1118 arg1 property 1120:1127 excellent bactericidal property 1097:1127 excellent bactericidal property 1097:1127 CMCS/Ag-HA hybrid microspheres showed excellent bactericidal property and biocompatibility; thus, they could be used in biomedical applications, such as infection-resistant bone replacement materials. 28576025 9 15 theme bone 1232:1235 arg1 materials 1249:1257 infection-resistant bone replacement materials 1212:1257 infection-resistant bone replacement materials 1212:1257 CMCS/Ag-HA hybrid microspheres showed excellent bactericidal property and biocompatibility; thus, they could be used in biomedical applications, such as infection-resistant bone replacement materials. 28576025 5 16 theme hybrid 595:600 arg1 microspheres 602:613 the as-synthesized hybrid microspheres 576:613 the as-synthesized hybrid microspheres 576:613 CMCS regulated the morphological characteristics of the as-synthesized hybrid microspheres. 28576025 3 17 theme facile 429:434 arg1 method 450:455 a facile gas diffusion method 427:455 a facile gas diffusion method 427:455 In this work, carboxylated chitosan/silver-hydroxyapatite (CMCS/Ag-HA) hybrid microspheres were fabricated via a facile gas diffusion method. 28576025 6 18 theme sample 666:671 arg1 size 654:657 the size 650:657 the size of the sample 650:671 As the content of CMCS increased, the size of the sample increased and dispersion exacerbated. 28576025 5 19 theme microspheres 602:613 arg1 characteristics 557:571 the morphological characteristics 539:571 the morphological characteristics of the as-synthesized hybrid microspheres 539:613 CMCS regulated the morphological characteristics of the as-synthesized hybrid microspheres. 28576025 0 20 theme chitosan/silver-hydroxyapatite 13:42 arg1 microspheres 51:62 chitosan/silver-hydroxyapatite hybrid microspheres 13:62 chitosan/silver-hydroxyapatite hybrid microspheres 13:62 Carboxylated chitosan/silver-hydroxyapatite hybrid microspheres with improved antibacterial activity and cytocompatibility. 28576025 8 21 dep proliferation 1017:1029 arg1 the 1013:1015 the 1013:1015 the 1013:1015 In vitro cell tests indicated that the as-prepared CMCS/Ag-HA hybrid microspheres promoted the proliferation and adhesion of MG63 cells. 28576025 1 22 theme implant-associated 128:145 arg1 infection 147:155 The implant-associated infection 124:155 The implant-associated infection 124:155 The implant-associated infection remains a serious problem in clinic. 28576025 8 23 dep In 922:923 arg1 vitro 925:929 vitro 925:929 vitro 925:929 In vitro cell tests indicated that the as-prepared CMCS/Ag-HA hybrid microspheres promoted the proliferation and adhesion of MG63 cells. 28576025 7 24 theme hybrid 775:780 arg1 microspheres 782:793 CMCS/Ag-HA hybrid microspheres 764:793 CMCS/Ag-HA hybrid microspheres 764:793 In addition, antimicrobial studies demonstrated that CMCS/Ag-HA hybrid microspheres exhibited an excellent antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus because of the synergistic effect of Ag+ and CMCS. 28576025 5 25 theme morphological 543:555 arg1 characteristics 557:571 the morphological characteristics 539:571 the morphological characteristics of the as-synthesized hybrid microspheres 539:613 CMCS regulated the morphological characteristics of the as-synthesized hybrid microspheres. 28576025 3 26 theme carboxylated 330:341 arg1 microspheres 394:405 carboxylated chitosan/silver-hydroxyapatite (CMCS/Ag-HA) hybrid microspheres 330:405 carboxylated chitosan/silver-hydroxyapatite (CMCS/Ag-HA) hybrid microspheres 330:405 In this work, carboxylated chitosan/silver-hydroxyapatite (CMCS/Ag-HA) hybrid microspheres were fabricated via a facile gas diffusion method. 28576025 1 27 from problem 175:181 arg1 clinic 186:191 clinic 186:191 clinic 186:191 The implant-associated infection remains a serious problem in clinic. 28576025 0 28 theme hybrid 44:49 arg1 microspheres 51:62 chitosan/silver-hydroxyapatite hybrid microspheres 13:62 chitosan/silver-hydroxyapatite hybrid microspheres 13:62 Carboxylated chitosan/silver-hydroxyapatite hybrid microspheres with improved antibacterial activity and cytocompatibility. 28576025 3 29 theme chitosan/silver-hydroxyapatite 343:372 arg1 microspheres 394:405 carboxylated chitosan/silver-hydroxyapatite (CMCS/Ag-HA) hybrid microspheres 330:405 carboxylated chitosan/silver-hydroxyapatite (CMCS/Ag-HA) hybrid microspheres 330:405 In this work, carboxylated chitosan/silver-hydroxyapatite (CMCS/Ag-HA) hybrid microspheres were fabricated via a facile gas diffusion method. 28576025 7 30 theme antimicrobial 818:830 arg1 activity 832:839 an excellent antimicrobial activity 805:839 an excellent antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus 805:869 In addition, antimicrobial studies demonstrated that CMCS/Ag-HA hybrid microspheres exhibited an excellent antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus because of the synergistic effect of Ag+ and CMCS. 28576025 8 31 theme cells 1052:1056 arg1 proliferation 1017:1029 proliferation 1017:1029 proliferation 1017:1029 In vitro cell tests indicated that the as-prepared CMCS/Ag-HA hybrid microspheres promoted the proliferation and adhesion of MG63 cells. 28576025 8 31 theme cells 1052:1056 arg1 adhesion 1035:1042 adhesion 1035:1042 adhesion 1035:1042 In vitro cell tests indicated that the as-prepared CMCS/Ag-HA hybrid microspheres promoted the proliferation and adhesion of MG63 cells. 28576025 0 32 theme improved 69:76 arg1 activity 92:99 improved antibacterial activity 69:99 improved antibacterial activity 69:99 Carboxylated chitosan/silver-hydroxyapatite hybrid microspheres with improved antibacterial activity and cytocompatibility. 28576025 2 33 dep better 196:201 arg1 compromise 203:212 compromise 203:212 compromise between the anti-infection property and biocompatibility of bone filling materials 203:295 A better compromise between the anti-infection property and biocompatibility of bone filling materials is still required. 28576025 2 34 theme anti-infection 226:239 arg1 property 241:248 anti-infection property 226:248 anti-infection property 226:248 A better compromise between the anti-infection property and biocompatibility of bone filling materials is still required. 28576025 8 35 theme MG63 1047:1050 arg1 cells 1052:1056 MG63 cells 1047:1056 MG63 cells 1047:1056 In vitro cell tests indicated that the as-prepared CMCS/Ag-HA hybrid microspheres promoted the proliferation and adhesion of MG63 cells. 28576025 7 36 theme CMCS 916:919 arg1 effect 898:903 the synergistic effect 882:903 the synergistic effect of Ag+ and CMCS 882:919 In addition, antimicrobial studies demonstrated that CMCS/Ag-HA hybrid microspheres exhibited an excellent antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus because of the synergistic effect of Ag+ and CMCS. 28576025 7 37 theme excellent 808:816 arg1 activity 832:839 an excellent antimicrobial activity 805:839 an excellent antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus 805:869 In addition, antimicrobial studies demonstrated that CMCS/Ag-HA hybrid microspheres exhibited an excellent antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus because of the synergistic effect of Ag+ and CMCS. 28576025 2 38 theme materials 287:295 arg1 biocompatibility 254:269 biocompatibility 254:269 biocompatibility 254:269 A better compromise between the anti-infection property and biocompatibility of bone filling materials is still required. 28576025 2 38 theme materials 287:295 arg1 property 241:248 anti-infection property 226:248 anti-infection property 226:248 A better compromise between the anti-infection property and biocompatibility of bone filling materials is still required. 28576025 1 39 theme serious 167:173 arg1 problem 175:181 a serious problem 165:181 a serious problem in clinic 165:191 The implant-associated infection remains a serious problem in clinic. 28576025 0 40 theme antibacterial 78:90 arg1 activity 92:99 improved antibacterial activity 69:99 improved antibacterial activity 69:99 Carboxylated chitosan/silver-hydroxyapatite hybrid microspheres with improved antibacterial activity and cytocompatibility. 28576025 3 41 theme hybrid 387:392 arg1 microspheres 394:405 carboxylated chitosan/silver-hydroxyapatite (CMCS/Ag-HA) hybrid microspheres 330:405 carboxylated chitosan/silver-hydroxyapatite (CMCS/Ag-HA) hybrid microspheres 330:405 In this work, carboxylated chitosan/silver-hydroxyapatite (CMCS/Ag-HA) hybrid microspheres were fabricated via a facile gas diffusion method. 28576025 2 42 theme bone 274:277 arg1 materials 287:295 bone filling materials 274:295 bone filling materials 274:295 A better compromise between the anti-infection property and biocompatibility of bone filling materials is still required. 28576025 2 43 theme filling 279:285 arg1 materials 287:295 bone filling materials 274:295 bone filling materials 274:295 A better compromise between the anti-infection property and biocompatibility of bone filling materials is still required. 28576025 7 44 theme Ag+ 908:910 arg1 effect 898:903 the synergistic effect 882:903 the synergistic effect of Ag+ and CMCS 882:919 In addition, antimicrobial studies demonstrated that CMCS/Ag-HA hybrid microspheres exhibited an excellent antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus because of the synergistic effect of Ag+ and CMCS. 28576025 9 45 theme infection-resistant 1212:1230 arg1 materials 1249:1257 infection-resistant bone replacement materials 1212:1257 infection-resistant bone replacement materials 1212:1257 CMCS/Ag-HA hybrid microspheres showed excellent bactericidal property and biocompatibility; thus, they could be used in biomedical applications, such as infection-resistant bone replacement materials. 28576025 7 46 theme synergistic 886:896 arg1 effect 898:903 the synergistic effect 882:903 the synergistic effect of Ag+ and CMCS 882:919 In addition, antimicrobial studies demonstrated that CMCS/Ag-HA hybrid microspheres exhibited an excellent antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus because of the synergistic effect of Ag+ and CMCS. 28576025 3 47 theme CMCS/Ag-HA 375:384 arg1 microspheres 394:405 carboxylated chitosan/silver-hydroxyapatite (CMCS/Ag-HA) hybrid microspheres 330:405 carboxylated chitosan/silver-hydroxyapatite (CMCS/Ag-HA) hybrid microspheres 330:405 In this work, carboxylated chitosan/silver-hydroxyapatite (CMCS/Ag-HA) hybrid microspheres were fabricated via a facile gas diffusion method. 28576025 7 48 theme CMCS/Ag-HA 764:773 arg1 microspheres 782:793 CMCS/Ag-HA hybrid microspheres 764:793 CMCS/Ag-HA hybrid microspheres 764:793 In addition, antimicrobial studies demonstrated that CMCS/Ag-HA hybrid microspheres exhibited an excellent antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus because of the synergistic effect of Ag+ and CMCS. 28576025 9 49 theme biomedical 1179:1188 arg1 materials 1249:1257 infection-resistant bone replacement materials 1212:1257 infection-resistant bone replacement materials 1212:1257 CMCS/Ag-HA hybrid microspheres showed excellent bactericidal property and biocompatibility; thus, they could be used in biomedical applications, such as infection-resistant bone replacement materials. 28576025 9 49 theme biomedical 1179:1188 arg1 applications 1190:1201 biomedical applications 1179:1201 biomedical applications 1179:1201 CMCS/Ag-HA hybrid microspheres showed excellent bactericidal property and biocompatibility; thus, they could be used in biomedical applications, such as infection-resistant bone replacement materials. 28576025 4 50 theme hybrid 503:508 arg1 microspheres 510:521 hybrid microspheres 503:521 hybrid microspheres 503:521 CMCS and Ag ion were evenly distributed into hybrid microspheres. 28576025 8 51 theme cell 931:934 arg1 tests 936:940 In vitro cell tests 922:940 In vitro cell tests 922:940 In vitro cell tests indicated that the as-prepared CMCS/Ag-HA hybrid microspheres promoted the proliferation and adhesion of MG63 cells. 28576025 9 52 theme CMCS/Ag-HA 1059:1068 arg1 microspheres 1077:1088 CMCS/Ag-HA hybrid microspheres 1059:1088 CMCS/Ag-HA hybrid microspheres 1059:1088 CMCS/Ag-HA hybrid microspheres showed excellent bactericidal property and biocompatibility; thus, they could be used in biomedical applications, such as infection-resistant bone replacement materials. 28576025 8 53 theme CMCS/Ag-HA 973:982 arg1 microspheres 991:1002 the as-prepared CMCS/Ag-HA hybrid microspheres 957:1002 the as-prepared CMCS/Ag-HA hybrid microspheres 957:1002 In vitro cell tests indicated that the as-prepared CMCS/Ag-HA hybrid microspheres promoted the proliferation and adhesion of MG63 cells. 28576025 9 54 theme excellent 1097:1105 arg1 property 1120:1127 excellent bactericidal property 1097:1127 excellent bactericidal property 1097:1127 CMCS/Ag-HA hybrid microspheres showed excellent bactericidal property and biocompatibility; thus, they could be used in biomedical applications, such as infection-resistant bone replacement materials. 25016539 2 0 theme dispersions 315:325 arg1 θD 294:295 θD 294:295 θD 294:295 The contact angles (θD) of the colloidal dispersions obeyed the power law, i.e., θD∝t(-x), where t is time and x is a constant. 25016539 2 0 theme dispersions 315:325 arg1 angles 286:291 The contact angles 274:291 The contact angles (θD) of the colloidal dispersions 274:325 The contact angles (θD) of the colloidal dispersions obeyed the power law, i.e., θD∝t(-x), where t is time and x is a constant. 25016539 1 1 from effects 68:74 arg1 velocity 119:126 the wetting velocity 107:126 the wetting velocity on flat and fractal agar gel surfaces 107:164 The effects of silica particle addition on the wetting velocity on flat and fractal agar gel surfaces were analyzed along with the applicability of such particles for controlling the wetting dynamics of water. 25016539 1 2 theme fractal 140:146 arg1 surfaces 157:164 flat and fractal agar gel surfaces 131:164 surfaces 157:164 The effects of silica particle addition on the wetting velocity on flat and fractal agar gel surfaces were analyzed along with the applicability of such particles for controlling the wetting dynamics of water. 25016539 6 3 theme liquid 755:760 arg1 inhibition 737:746 the inhibition 733:746 the inhibition of the liquid wetting on gel surfaces 733:784 The mechanism of the inhibition of the liquid wetting on gel surfaces may be attributed to a slight increase in local viscosity around the contact line during wetting. 25016539 2 4 theme colloidal 305:313 arg1 dispersions 315:325 the colloidal dispersions 301:325 the colloidal dispersions 301:325 The contact angles (θD) of the colloidal dispersions obeyed the power law, i.e., θD∝t(-x), where t is time and x is a constant. 25016539 3 5 theme amount 454:459 arg1 addition 431:438 the addition 427:438 the addition of a suitable amount of 20-nm-diameter silica particles 427:494 Wetting was inhibited by the addition of a suitable amount of 20-nm-diameter silica particles. 25016539 6 6 theme local 828:832 arg1 viscosity 834:842 local viscosity 828:842 local viscosity around the contact line during wetting 828:881 The mechanism of the inhibition of the liquid wetting on gel surfaces may be attributed to a slight increase in local viscosity around the contact line during wetting. 25016539 3 7 theme suitable 445:452 arg1 amount 454:459 a suitable amount 443:459 a suitable amount of 20-nm-diameter silica particles 443:494 Wetting was inhibited by the addition of a suitable amount of 20-nm-diameter silica particles. 25016539 3 7 theme suitable 445:452 arg1 particles 486:494 20-nm-diameter silica particles 464:494 20-nm-diameter silica particles 464:494 Wetting was inhibited by the addition of a suitable amount of 20-nm-diameter silica particles. 25016539 1 8 theme wetting 247:253 arg1 dynamics 255:262 the wetting dynamics 243:262 the wetting dynamics of water 243:271 The effects of silica particle addition on the wetting velocity on flat and fractal agar gel surfaces were analyzed along with the applicability of such particles for controlling the wetting dynamics of water. 25016539 4 9 theme % 583:583 arg1 composition 563:573 a silica composition 554:573 a silica composition of 0.1wt% 554:583 Specifically, the exponent x reached a minimum value for a silica composition of 0.1wt%. 25016539 1 10 theme agar 148:151 arg1 surfaces 157:164 flat and fractal agar gel surfaces 131:164 surfaces 157:164 The effects of silica particle addition on the wetting velocity on flat and fractal agar gel surfaces were analyzed along with the applicability of such particles for controlling the wetting dynamics of water. 25016539 6 11 theme inhibition 737:746 arg1 mechanism 720:728 The mechanism 716:728 The mechanism of the inhibition of the liquid wetting on gel surfaces 716:784 The mechanism of the inhibition of the liquid wetting on gel surfaces may be attributed to a slight increase in local viscosity around the contact line during wetting. 25016539 5 12 with particles 665:673 arg1 diameters 680:688 diameters 680:688 diameters of 100, 550, and, 1000nm 680:713 However, such inhibition effects were not observed upon the addition of silica particles with diameters of 100, 550, and, 1000nm. 25016539 1 13 theme gel 153:155 arg1 surfaces 157:164 flat and fractal agar gel surfaces 131:164 surfaces 157:164 The effects of silica particle addition on the wetting velocity on flat and fractal agar gel surfaces were analyzed along with the applicability of such particles for controlling the wetting dynamics of water. 25016539 6 14 from increase 816:823 arg1 viscosity 834:842 local viscosity 828:842 local viscosity around the contact line during wetting 828:881 The mechanism of the inhibition of the liquid wetting on gel surfaces may be attributed to a slight increase in local viscosity around the contact line during wetting. 25016539 1 15 from velocity 119:126 arg1 surfaces 157:164 flat and fractal agar gel surfaces 131:164 surfaces 157:164 The effects of silica particle addition on the wetting velocity on flat and fractal agar gel surfaces were analyzed along with the applicability of such particles for controlling the wetting dynamics of water. 25016539 5 16 theme 100 693:695 arg1 diameters 680:688 diameters 680:688 diameters of 100, 550, and, 1000nm 680:713 However, such inhibition effects were not observed upon the addition of silica particles with diameters of 100, 550, and, 1000nm. 25016539 1 17 theme silica 79:84 arg1 addition 95:102 silica particle addition 79:102 silica particle addition 79:102 The effects of silica particle addition on the wetting velocity on flat and fractal agar gel surfaces were analyzed along with the applicability of such particles for controlling the wetting dynamics of water. 25016539 2 18 theme power 338:342 arg1 law 344:346 the power law 334:346 the power law 334:346 The contact angles (θD) of the colloidal dispersions obeyed the power law, i.e., θD∝t(-x), where t is time and x is a constant. 25016539 0 19 theme colloidal 20:28 arg1 dispersions 30:40 colloidal dispersions 20:40 colloidal dispersions 20:40 Wetting dynamics of colloidal dispersions on agar gel surfaces. 25016539 6 20 theme slight 809:814 arg1 increase 816:823 a slight increase 807:823 a slight increase in local viscosity around the contact line during wetting 807:881 The mechanism of the inhibition of the liquid wetting on gel surfaces may be attributed to a slight increase in local viscosity around the contact line during wetting. 25016539 2 21 theme contact 278:284 arg1 θD 294:295 θD 294:295 θD 294:295 The contact angles (θD) of the colloidal dispersions obeyed the power law, i.e., θD∝t(-x), where t is time and x is a constant. 25016539 2 21 theme contact 278:284 arg1 angles 286:291 The contact angles 274:291 The contact angles (θD) of the colloidal dispersions 274:325 The contact angles (θD) of the colloidal dispersions obeyed the power law, i.e., θD∝t(-x), where t is time and x is a constant. 25016539 3 22 theme 20-nm-diameter 464:477 arg1 particles 486:494 20-nm-diameter silica particles 464:494 20-nm-diameter silica particles 464:494 Wetting was inhibited by the addition of a suitable amount of 20-nm-diameter silica particles. 25016539 1 23 theme water 267:271 arg1 dynamics 255:262 the wetting dynamics 243:262 the wetting dynamics of water 243:271 The effects of silica particle addition on the wetting velocity on flat and fractal agar gel surfaces were analyzed along with the applicability of such particles for controlling the wetting dynamics of water. 25016539 1 24 theme addition 95:102 arg1 effects 68:74 The effects 64:74 The effects of silica particle addition on the wetting velocity on flat and fractal agar gel surfaces 64:164 The effects of silica particle addition on the wetting velocity on flat and fractal agar gel surfaces were analyzed along with the applicability of such particles for controlling the wetting dynamics of water. 25016539 5 25 theme silica 658:663 arg1 particles 665:673 silica particles 658:673 silica particles with diameters of 100, 550, and, 1000nm 658:713 However, such inhibition effects were not observed upon the addition of silica particles with diameters of 100, 550, and, 1000nm. 25016539 5 26 theme such 595:598 arg1 effects 611:617 such inhibition effects 595:617 such inhibition effects 595:617 However, such inhibition effects were not observed upon the addition of silica particles with diameters of 100, 550, and, 1000nm. 25016539 2 27 dep θD∝t 355:358 arg1 i.e. 349:352 i.e. 349:352 i.e. 349:352 The contact angles (θD) of the colloidal dispersions obeyed the power law, i.e., θD∝t(-x), where t is time and x is a constant. 25016539 4 28 theme silica 556:561 arg1 composition 563:573 a silica composition 554:573 a silica composition of 0.1wt% 554:583 Specifically, the exponent x reached a minimum value for a silica composition of 0.1wt%. 25016539 0 29 theme dispersions 30:40 arg1 dynamics 8:15 dynamics 8:15 dynamics of colloidal dispersions 8:40 Wetting dynamics of colloidal dispersions on agar gel surfaces. 25016539 5 30 theme inhibition 600:609 arg1 effects 611:617 such inhibition effects 595:617 such inhibition effects 595:617 However, such inhibition effects were not observed upon the addition of silica particles with diameters of 100, 550, and, 1000nm. 25016539 6 31 theme contact 855:861 arg1 line 863:866 the contact line 851:866 the contact line 851:866 The mechanism of the inhibition of the liquid wetting on gel surfaces may be attributed to a slight increase in local viscosity around the contact line during wetting. 25016539 4 32 theme minimum 536:542 arg1 value 544:548 a minimum value 534:548 a minimum value for a silica composition of 0.1wt% 534:583 Specifically, the exponent x reached a minimum value for a silica composition of 0.1wt%. 25016539 0 33 theme gel 50:52 arg1 surfaces 54:61 agar gel surfaces 45:61 agar gel surfaces 45:61 Wetting dynamics of colloidal dispersions on agar gel surfaces. 25016539 3 34 theme silica 479:484 arg1 particles 486:494 20-nm-diameter silica particles 464:494 20-nm-diameter silica particles 464:494 Wetting was inhibited by the addition of a suitable amount of 20-nm-diameter silica particles. 25016539 0 35 theme agar 45:48 arg1 surfaces 54:61 agar gel surfaces 45:61 agar gel surfaces 45:61 Wetting dynamics of colloidal dispersions on agar gel surfaces. 25016539 3 36 theme particles 486:494 arg1 amount 454:459 a suitable amount 443:459 a suitable amount of 20-nm-diameter silica particles 443:494 Wetting was inhibited by the addition of a suitable amount of 20-nm-diameter silica particles. 25016539 3 36 theme particles 486:494 arg1 particles 486:494 20-nm-diameter silica particles 464:494 20-nm-diameter silica particles 464:494 Wetting was inhibited by the addition of a suitable amount of 20-nm-diameter silica particles. 25016539 5 37 theme particles 665:673 arg1 addition 646:653 the addition 642:653 the addition of silica particles with diameters of 100, 550, and, 1000nm 642:713 However, such inhibition effects were not observed upon the addition of silica particles with diameters of 100, 550, and, 1000nm. 25016539 1 38 theme wetting 111:117 arg1 velocity 119:126 the wetting velocity 107:126 the wetting velocity on flat and fractal agar gel surfaces 107:164 The effects of silica particle addition on the wetting velocity on flat and fractal agar gel surfaces were analyzed along with the applicability of such particles for controlling the wetting dynamics of water. 25016539 1 39 theme particle 86:93 arg1 addition 95:102 silica particle addition 79:102 silica particle addition 79:102 The effects of silica particle addition on the wetting velocity on flat and fractal agar gel surfaces were analyzed along with the applicability of such particles for controlling the wetting dynamics of water. 25016539 5 40 theme 550 698:700 arg1 diameters 680:688 diameters 680:688 diameters of 100, 550, and, 1000nm 680:713 However, such inhibition effects were not observed upon the addition of silica particles with diameters of 100, 550, and, 1000nm. 25016539 5 41 theme 1000nm 708:713 arg1 diameters 680:688 diameters 680:688 diameters of 100, 550, and, 1000nm 680:713 However, such inhibition effects were not observed upon the addition of silica particles with diameters of 100, 550, and, 1000nm. 25016539 4 42 theme 0.1wt 578:582 arg1 % 583:583 0.1wt% 578:583 0.1wt% 578:583 Specifically, the exponent x reached a minimum value for a silica composition of 0.1wt%. 25016539 1 43 theme such 212:215 arg1 particles 217:225 such particles 212:225 such particles 212:225 The effects of silica particle addition on the wetting velocity on flat and fractal agar gel surfaces were analyzed along with the applicability of such particles for controlling the wetting dynamics of water. 25016539 6 44 theme gel 773:775 arg1 surfaces 777:784 gel surfaces 773:784 gel surfaces 773:784 The mechanism of the inhibition of the liquid wetting on gel surfaces may be attributed to a slight increase in local viscosity around the contact line during wetting. 25016539 4 45 theme exponent 515:522 arg1 x 524:524 the exponent x 511:524 the exponent x 511:524 Specifically, the exponent x reached a minimum value for a silica composition of 0.1wt%. 25016539 1 46 theme flat 131:134 arg1 surfaces 157:164 flat and fractal agar gel surfaces 131:164 surfaces 157:164 The effects of silica particle addition on the wetting velocity on flat and fractal agar gel surfaces were analyzed along with the applicability of such particles for controlling the wetting dynamics of water. 25016539 1 47 theme particles 217:225 arg1 applicability 195:207 the applicability 191:207 the applicability of such particles for controlling the wetting dynamics of water 191:271 The effects of silica particle addition on the wetting velocity on flat and fractal agar gel surfaces were analyzed along with the applicability of such particles for controlling the wetting dynamics of water. 28952523 9 0 theme fusion 1662:1667 arg1 protein 1669:1675 the chimeric FVIII fusion protein 1643:1675 the chimeric FVIII fusion protein 1643:1675 Observed variations in Fc glycosylation of the chimeric FVIII fusion protein and human plasma-derived IgG1, e.g., regarding terminal sialylation, are discussed, focusing on the impact of the clotting factor's properties, most notably its binding to Fcγ receptors. 28952523 3 1 theme particular 691:700 arg1 glycosylation 702:714 the particular glycosylation 687:714 the particular glycosylation of the fused Fc portion 687:738 While human-like N-glycosylation of recombinant FVIII is known to be crucial for the clotting factor's quality and function, the particular glycosylation of the fused Fc portion has not been investigated in detail so far, despite its known impact on Fcγ receptor binding. 28952523 9 2 dep properties 1809:1818 arg1 binding 1838:1844 its binding 1834:1844 its binding to Fcγ receptors 1834:1861 Observed variations in Fc glycosylation of the chimeric FVIII fusion protein and human plasma-derived IgG1, e.g., regarding terminal sialylation, are discussed, focusing on the impact of the clotting factor's properties, most notably its binding to Fcγ receptors. 28952523 8 3 with analysis 1464:1471 arg1 2AB 1455:1457 2AB 1455:1457 2AB 1455:1457 Labeling with 2-aminobenzamide (2AB) and analysis via hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) allowed a quantitative comparison of the respective N-glycosylation. 28952523 8 3 with analysis 1464:1471 arg1 2-aminobenzamide 1437:1452 2-aminobenzamide 1437:1452 2-aminobenzamide (2AB) 1437:1458 Labeling with 2-aminobenzamide (2AB) and analysis via hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) allowed a quantitative comparison of the respective N-glycosylation. 28952523 1 4 theme short 268:272 arg1 half-life 274:282 the short half-life 264:282 the short half-life of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) in circulation 264:332 Prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients suffering from hemophilia A are inconvenient due to repeated intravenous infusions owing to the short half-life of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) in circulation. 28952523 9 5 theme plasma-derived 1687:1700 arg1 IgG1 1702:1705 human plasma-derived IgG1 1681:1705 human plasma-derived IgG1 1681:1705 Observed variations in Fc glycosylation of the chimeric FVIII fusion protein and human plasma-derived IgG1, e.g., regarding terminal sialylation, are discussed, focusing on the impact of the clotting factor's properties, most notably its binding to Fcγ receptors. 28952523 7 6 theme patterns 1413:1420 arg1 differences 1384:1394 structural differences 1373:1394 structural differences of both N-glycan patterns 1373:1420 Analysis via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry revealed structural differences of both N-glycan patterns. 28952523 9 7 theme properties 1809:1818 arg1 impact 1777:1782 the impact 1773:1782 the impact of the clotting factor's properties, most notably its binding to Fcγ receptors 1773:1861 Observed variations in Fc glycosylation of the chimeric FVIII fusion protein and human plasma-derived IgG1, e.g., regarding terminal sialylation, are discussed, focusing on the impact of the clotting factor's properties, most notably its binding to Fcγ receptors. 28952523 3 8 theme fused 723:727 arg1 portion 732:738 the fused Fc portion 719:738 the fused Fc portion 719:738 While human-like N-glycosylation of recombinant FVIII is known to be crucial for the clotting factor's quality and function, the particular glycosylation of the fused Fc portion has not been investigated in detail so far, despite its known impact on Fcγ receptor binding. 28952523 6 9 theme F 1197:1197 arg1 digestion 1206:1214 PNGase F in-gel digestion 1190:1214 PNGase F in-gel digestion 1190:1214 Corresponding protein bands were referred to PNGase F in-gel digestion in order to release the respective N-glycans. 28952523 1 10 theme hemophilia 187:196 arg1 A 198:198 hemophilia A 187:198 hemophilia A 187:198 Prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients suffering from hemophilia A are inconvenient due to repeated intravenous infusions owing to the short half-life of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) in circulation. 28952523 3 11 gly N-glycosylation 579:593 arg1 FVIII 610:614 recombinant FVIII 598:614 recombinant FVIII 598:614 While human-like N-glycosylation of recombinant FVIII is known to be crucial for the clotting factor's quality and function, the particular glycosylation of the fused Fc portion has not been investigated in detail so far, despite its known impact on Fcγ receptor binding. 28952523 0 12 theme G1 119:120 arg1 Portions 47:54 the Fc Portions 40:54 the Fc Portions of a Chimeric Human Coagulation Factor VIII and Immunoglobulin G1 40:120 Comparative N-Glycosylation Analysis of the Fc Portions of a Chimeric Human Coagulation Factor VIII and Immunoglobulin G1. 28952523 4 13 theme Fc 879:880 arg1 part 882:885 the Fc part 875:885 the Fc part of a chimeric FVIII-Fc protein 875:916 Here, we analyzed the N-glycosylation of the Fc part of a chimeric FVIII-Fc protein compared to a commercial IgG1 purified from human plasma. 28952523 6 14 theme PNGase 1190:1195 arg1 digestion 1206:1214 PNGase F in-gel digestion 1190:1214 PNGase F in-gel digestion 1190:1214 Corresponding protein bands were referred to PNGase F in-gel digestion in order to release the respective N-glycans. 28952523 9 15 theme clotting 1791:1798 arg1 factor 1800:1805 the clotting factor 1787:1805 the clotting factor's properties 1787:1818 Observed variations in Fc glycosylation of the chimeric FVIII fusion protein and human plasma-derived IgG1, e.g., regarding terminal sialylation, are discussed, focusing on the impact of the clotting factor's properties, most notably its binding to Fcγ receptors. 28952523 7 16 theme mass 1346:1349 arg1 spectrometry 1351:1362 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry 1275:1362 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry 1275:1362 Analysis via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry revealed structural differences of both N-glycan patterns. 28952523 3 17 theme portion 732:738 arg1 glycosylation 702:714 the particular glycosylation 687:714 the particular glycosylation of the fused Fc portion 687:738 While human-like N-glycosylation of recombinant FVIII is known to be crucial for the clotting factor's quality and function, the particular glycosylation of the fused Fc portion has not been investigated in detail so far, despite its known impact on Fcγ receptor binding. 28952523 5 18 theme Fc 976:977 arg1 parts 979:983 Fc parts 976:983 Fc parts from both samples 976:1001 Fc parts from both samples were released by enzymatic cleavage and were subsequently separated via sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). 28952523 5 19 theme dodecyl 1082:1088 arg1 SDS-PAGE 1134:1141 SDS-PAGE 1134:1141 SDS-PAGE 1134:1141 Fc parts from both samples were released by enzymatic cleavage and were subsequently separated via sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). 28952523 5 19 theme dodecyl 1082:1088 arg1 electrophoresis 1117:1131 sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 1075:1131 sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) 1075:1142 Fc parts from both samples were released by enzymatic cleavage and were subsequently separated via sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). 28952523 2 20 theme neonatal 540:547 arg1 receptor 552:559 the neonatal Fc receptor 536:559 the neonatal Fc receptor 536:559 Besides (glyco-)pegylation of the FVIII molecule, a bioengineering approach comprises the protein fusion to Fc-immunoglobulin (Ig)G that mediate protection from clearance or degradation via binding to the neonatal Fc receptor. 28952523 7 21 theme MALDI-TOF 1335:1343 arg1 spectrometry 1351:1362 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry 1275:1362 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry 1275:1362 Analysis via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry revealed structural differences of both N-glycan patterns. 28952523 6 22 theme respective 1240:1249 arg1 N-glycans 1251:1259 the respective N-glycans 1236:1259 the respective N-glycans 1236:1259 Corresponding protein bands were referred to PNGase F in-gel digestion in order to release the respective N-glycans. 28952523 3 23 theme known 796:800 arg1 impact 802:807 its known impact 792:807 its known impact on Fcγ receptor binding 792:831 While human-like N-glycosylation of recombinant FVIII is known to be crucial for the clotting factor's quality and function, the particular glycosylation of the fused Fc portion has not been investigated in detail so far, despite its known impact on Fcγ receptor binding. 28952523 4 24 theme protein 910:916 arg1 part 882:885 the Fc part 875:885 the Fc part of a chimeric FVIII-Fc protein 875:916 Here, we analyzed the N-glycosylation of the Fc part of a chimeric FVIII-Fc protein compared to a commercial IgG1 purified from human plasma. 28952523 2 25 from clearance 496:504 arg1 protection 480:489 protection 480:489 protection from clearance or degradation 480:519 Besides (glyco-)pegylation of the FVIII molecule, a bioengineering approach comprises the protein fusion to Fc-immunoglobulin (Ig)G that mediate protection from clearance or degradation via binding to the neonatal Fc receptor. 28952523 6 26 theme Corresponding 1145:1157 arg1 bands 1167:1171 Corresponding protein bands 1145:1171 Corresponding protein bands 1145:1171 Corresponding protein bands were referred to PNGase F in-gel digestion in order to release the respective N-glycans. 28952523 3 27 theme recombinant 598:608 arg1 FVIII 610:614 recombinant FVIII 598:614 recombinant FVIII 598:614 While human-like N-glycosylation of recombinant FVIII is known to be crucial for the clotting factor's quality and function, the particular glycosylation of the fused Fc portion has not been investigated in detail so far, despite its known impact on Fcγ receptor binding. 28952523 8 28 theme interaction 1489:1499 arg1 chromatography 1508:1521 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 1477:1521 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) 1477:1529 Labeling with 2-aminobenzamide (2AB) and analysis via hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) allowed a quantitative comparison of the respective N-glycosylation. 28952523 8 28 theme interaction 1489:1499 arg1 HILIC 1524:1528 HILIC 1524:1528 HILIC 1524:1528 Labeling with 2-aminobenzamide (2AB) and analysis via hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) allowed a quantitative comparison of the respective N-glycosylation. 28952523 0 29 theme Human 70:74 arg1 VIII 95:98 a Chimeric Human Coagulation Factor VIII 59:98 a Chimeric Human Coagulation Factor VIII 59:98 Comparative N-Glycosylation Analysis of the Fc Portions of a Chimeric Human Coagulation Factor VIII and Immunoglobulin G1. 28952523 3 30 theme receptor 816:823 arg1 binding 825:831 Fcγ receptor binding 812:831 Fcγ receptor binding 812:831 While human-like N-glycosylation of recombinant FVIII is known to be crucial for the clotting factor's quality and function, the particular glycosylation of the fused Fc portion has not been investigated in detail so far, despite its known impact on Fcγ receptor binding. 28952523 0 31 theme Factor 88:93 arg1 VIII 95:98 a Chimeric Human Coagulation Factor VIII 59:98 a Chimeric Human Coagulation Factor VIII 59:98 Comparative N-Glycosylation Analysis of the Fc Portions of a Chimeric Human Coagulation Factor VIII and Immunoglobulin G1. 28952523 5 32 theme enzymatic 1020:1028 arg1 cleavage 1030:1037 enzymatic cleavage 1020:1037 enzymatic cleavage 1020:1037 Fc parts from both samples were released by enzymatic cleavage and were subsequently separated via sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). 28952523 1 33 from treatment 138:146 arg1 patients 163:170 patients 163:170 patients suffering from hemophilia A 163:198 Prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients suffering from hemophilia A are inconvenient due to repeated intravenous infusions owing to the short half-life of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) in circulation. 28952523 4 34 theme chimeric 892:899 arg1 protein 910:916 a chimeric FVIII-Fc protein 890:916 a chimeric FVIII-Fc protein 890:916 Here, we analyzed the N-glycosylation of the Fc part of a chimeric FVIII-Fc protein compared to a commercial IgG1 purified from human plasma. 28952523 2 35 theme molecule 375:382 arg1 pegylation 351:360 (glyco-)pegylation 343:360 (glyco-)pegylation of the FVIII molecule 343:382 Besides (glyco-)pegylation of the FVIII molecule, a bioengineering approach comprises the protein fusion to Fc-immunoglobulin (Ig)G that mediate protection from clearance or degradation via binding to the neonatal Fc receptor. 28952523 1 36 from Prevention 123:132 arg1 patients 163:170 patients 163:170 patients suffering from hemophilia A 163:198 Prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients suffering from hemophilia A are inconvenient due to repeated intravenous infusions owing to the short half-life of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) in circulation. 28952523 7 37 theme desorption/ionization 1297:1317 arg1 spectrometry 1351:1362 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry 1275:1362 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry 1275:1362 Analysis via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry revealed structural differences of both N-glycan patterns. 28952523 4 38 theme human 962:966 arg1 plasma 968:973 human plasma 962:973 human plasma 962:973 Here, we analyzed the N-glycosylation of the Fc part of a chimeric FVIII-Fc protein compared to a commercial IgG1 purified from human plasma. 28952523 0 39 theme Comparative 0:10 arg1 Analysis 28:35 Comparative N-Glycosylation Analysis 0:35 Comparative N-Glycosylation Analysis of the Fc Portions of a Chimeric Human Coagulation Factor VIII and Immunoglobulin G1. 0:121 Comparative N-Glycosylation Analysis of the Fc Portions of a Chimeric Human Coagulation Factor VIII and Immunoglobulin G1. 28952523 7 40 theme matrix-assisted 1275:1289 arg1 spectrometry 1351:1362 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry 1275:1362 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry 1275:1362 Analysis via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry revealed structural differences of both N-glycan patterns. 28952523 8 41 theme quantitative 1541:1552 arg1 comparison 1554:1563 a quantitative comparison 1539:1563 a quantitative comparison of the respective N-glycosylation 1539:1597 Labeling with 2-aminobenzamide (2AB) and analysis via hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) allowed a quantitative comparison of the respective N-glycosylation. 28952523 1 42 theme coagulation 287:297 arg1 FVIII 312:316 FVIII 312:316 FVIII 312:316 Prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients suffering from hemophilia A are inconvenient due to repeated intravenous infusions owing to the short half-life of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) in circulation. 28952523 1 42 theme coagulation 287:297 arg1 VIII 306:309 coagulation factor VIII 287:309 coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) in circulation 287:332 Prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients suffering from hemophilia A are inconvenient due to repeated intravenous infusions owing to the short half-life of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) in circulation. 28952523 9 43 theme Observed 1600:1607 arg1 variations 1609:1618 Observed variations 1600:1618 Observed variations 1600:1618 Observed variations in Fc glycosylation of the chimeric FVIII fusion protein and human plasma-derived IgG1, e.g., regarding terminal sialylation, are discussed, focusing on the impact of the clotting factor's properties, most notably its binding to Fcγ receptors. 28952523 9 44 from variations 1609:1618 arg1 glycosylation 1626:1638 Fc glycosylation 1623:1638 Fc glycosylation of the chimeric FVIII fusion protein and human plasma-derived IgG1 1623:1705 Observed variations in Fc glycosylation of the chimeric FVIII fusion protein and human plasma-derived IgG1, e.g., regarding terminal sialylation, are discussed, focusing on the impact of the clotting factor's properties, most notably its binding to Fcγ receptors. 28952523 4 45 theme commercial 932:941 arg1 IgG1 943:946 a commercial IgG1 930:946 a commercial IgG1 purified from human plasma 930:973 Here, we analyzed the N-glycosylation of the Fc part of a chimeric FVIII-Fc protein compared to a commercial IgG1 purified from human plasma. 28952523 1 46 theme VIII 306:309 arg1 half-life 274:282 the short half-life 264:282 the short half-life of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) in circulation 264:332 Prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients suffering from hemophilia A are inconvenient due to repeated intravenous infusions owing to the short half-life of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) in circulation. 28952523 2 47 theme Fc-immunoglobulin 443:459 arg1 G 465:465 Fc-immunoglobulin (Ig)G 443:465 Fc-immunoglobulin (Ig)G that mediate protection from clearance or degradation via binding to the neonatal Fc receptor 443:559 Besides (glyco-)pegylation of the FVIII molecule, a bioengineering approach comprises the protein fusion to Fc-immunoglobulin (Ig)G that mediate protection from clearance or degradation via binding to the neonatal Fc receptor. 28952523 8 48 theme respective 1572:1581 arg1 N-glycosylation 1583:1597 the respective N-glycosylation 1568:1597 the respective N-glycosylation 1568:1597 Labeling with 2-aminobenzamide (2AB) and analysis via hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) allowed a quantitative comparison of the respective N-glycosylation. 28952523 0 49 theme Portions 47:54 arg1 Analysis 28:35 Comparative N-Glycosylation Analysis 0:35 Comparative N-Glycosylation Analysis of the Fc Portions of a Chimeric Human Coagulation Factor VIII and Immunoglobulin G1. 0:121 Comparative N-Glycosylation Analysis of the Fc Portions of a Chimeric Human Coagulation Factor VIII and Immunoglobulin G1. 28952523 5 50 theme polyacrylamide 1098:1111 arg1 SDS-PAGE 1134:1141 SDS-PAGE 1134:1141 SDS-PAGE 1134:1141 Fc parts from both samples were released by enzymatic cleavage and were subsequently separated via sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). 28952523 5 50 theme polyacrylamide 1098:1111 arg1 electrophoresis 1117:1131 sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 1075:1131 sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) 1075:1142 Fc parts from both samples were released by enzymatic cleavage and were subsequently separated via sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). 28952523 9 51 theme Fcγ 1849:1851 arg1 receptors 1853:1861 Fcγ receptors 1849:1861 Fcγ receptors 1849:1861 Observed variations in Fc glycosylation of the chimeric FVIII fusion protein and human plasma-derived IgG1, e.g., regarding terminal sialylation, are discussed, focusing on the impact of the clotting factor's properties, most notably its binding to Fcγ receptors. 28952523 2 52 from degradation 509:519 arg1 protection 480:489 protection 480:489 protection from clearance or degradation 480:519 Besides (glyco-)pegylation of the FVIII molecule, a bioengineering approach comprises the protein fusion to Fc-immunoglobulin (Ig)G that mediate protection from clearance or degradation via binding to the neonatal Fc receptor. 28952523 1 53 theme intravenous 233:243 arg1 infusions 245:253 repeated intravenous infusions 224:253 repeated intravenous infusions owing to the short half-life of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) in circulation 224:332 Prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients suffering from hemophilia A are inconvenient due to repeated intravenous infusions owing to the short half-life of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) in circulation. 28952523 9 54 theme FVIII 1656:1660 arg1 protein 1669:1675 the chimeric FVIII fusion protein 1643:1675 the chimeric FVIII fusion protein 1643:1675 Observed variations in Fc glycosylation of the chimeric FVIII fusion protein and human plasma-derived IgG1, e.g., regarding terminal sialylation, are discussed, focusing on the impact of the clotting factor's properties, most notably its binding to Fcγ receptors. 28952523 2 55 theme glyco- 344:349 arg1 pegylation 351:360 (glyco-)pegylation 343:360 (glyco-)pegylation of the FVIII molecule 343:382 Besides (glyco-)pegylation of the FVIII molecule, a bioengineering approach comprises the protein fusion to Fc-immunoglobulin (Ig)G that mediate protection from clearance or degradation via binding to the neonatal Fc receptor. 28952523 1 56 from half-life 274:282 arg1 circulation 322:332 circulation 322:332 circulation 322:332 Prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients suffering from hemophilia A are inconvenient due to repeated intravenous infusions owing to the short half-life of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) in circulation. 28952523 1 57 from VIII 306:309 arg1 circulation 322:332 circulation 322:332 circulation 322:332 Prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients suffering from hemophilia A are inconvenient due to repeated intravenous infusions owing to the short half-life of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) in circulation. 28952523 9 58 theme human 1681:1685 arg1 IgG1 1702:1705 human plasma-derived IgG1 1681:1705 human plasma-derived IgG1 1681:1705 Observed variations in Fc glycosylation of the chimeric FVIII fusion protein and human plasma-derived IgG1, e.g., regarding terminal sialylation, are discussed, focusing on the impact of the clotting factor's properties, most notably its binding to Fcγ receptors. 28952523 9 59 theme terminal 1724:1731 arg1 sialylation 1733:1743 terminal sialylation 1724:1743 terminal sialylation 1724:1743 Observed variations in Fc glycosylation of the chimeric FVIII fusion protein and human plasma-derived IgG1, e.g., regarding terminal sialylation, are discussed, focusing on the impact of the clotting factor's properties, most notably its binding to Fcγ receptors. 28952523 1 60 from circulation 322:332 arg1 half-life 274:282 the short half-life 264:282 the short half-life of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) in circulation 264:332 Prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients suffering from hemophilia A are inconvenient due to repeated intravenous infusions owing to the short half-life of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) in circulation. 28952523 9 61 theme IgG1 1702:1705 arg1 glycosylation 1626:1638 Fc glycosylation 1623:1638 Fc glycosylation of the chimeric FVIII fusion protein and human plasma-derived IgG1 1623:1705 Observed variations in Fc glycosylation of the chimeric FVIII fusion protein and human plasma-derived IgG1, e.g., regarding terminal sialylation, are discussed, focusing on the impact of the clotting factor's properties, most notably its binding to Fcγ receptors. 28952523 6 62 theme in-gel 1199:1204 arg1 digestion 1206:1214 PNGase F in-gel digestion 1190:1214 PNGase F in-gel digestion 1190:1214 Corresponding protein bands were referred to PNGase F in-gel digestion in order to release the respective N-glycans. 28952523 3 63 from impact 802:807 arg1 binding 825:831 Fcγ receptor binding 812:831 Fcγ receptor binding 812:831 While human-like N-glycosylation of recombinant FVIII is known to be crucial for the clotting factor's quality and function, the particular glycosylation of the fused Fc portion has not been investigated in detail so far, despite its known impact on Fcγ receptor binding. 28952523 3 64 theme Fc 729:730 arg1 portion 732:738 the fused Fc portion 719:738 the fused Fc portion 719:738 While human-like N-glycosylation of recombinant FVIII is known to be crucial for the clotting factor's quality and function, the particular glycosylation of the fused Fc portion has not been investigated in detail so far, despite its known impact on Fcγ receptor binding. 28952523 7 65 theme N-glycan 1404:1411 arg1 patterns 1413:1420 both N-glycan patterns 1399:1420 both N-glycan patterns 1399:1420 Analysis via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry revealed structural differences of both N-glycan patterns. 28952523 3 66 theme human-like 568:577 arg1 N-glycosylation 579:593 human-like N-glycosylation 568:593 human-like N-glycosylation of recombinant FVIII 568:614 While human-like N-glycosylation of recombinant FVIII is known to be crucial for the clotting factor's quality and function, the particular glycosylation of the fused Fc portion has not been investigated in detail so far, despite its known impact on Fcγ receptor binding. 28952523 7 67 theme structural 1373:1382 arg1 differences 1384:1394 structural differences 1373:1394 structural differences of both N-glycan patterns 1373:1420 Analysis via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry revealed structural differences of both N-glycan patterns. 28952523 8 68 with Labeling 1423:1430 arg1 2AB 1455:1457 2AB 1455:1457 2AB 1455:1457 Labeling with 2-aminobenzamide (2AB) and analysis via hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) allowed a quantitative comparison of the respective N-glycosylation. 28952523 8 68 with Labeling 1423:1430 arg1 2-aminobenzamide 1437:1452 2-aminobenzamide 1437:1452 2-aminobenzamide (2AB) 1437:1458 Labeling with 2-aminobenzamide (2AB) and analysis via hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) allowed a quantitative comparison of the respective N-glycosylation. 28952523 4 69 gly N-glycosylation 856:870 arg1 part 882:885 the Fc part 875:885 the Fc part of a chimeric FVIII-Fc protein 875:916 Here, we analyzed the N-glycosylation of the Fc part of a chimeric FVIII-Fc protein compared to a commercial IgG1 purified from human plasma. 28952523 2 70 theme Fc 549:550 arg1 receptor 552:559 the neonatal Fc receptor 536:559 the neonatal Fc receptor 536:559 Besides (glyco-)pegylation of the FVIII molecule, a bioengineering approach comprises the protein fusion to Fc-immunoglobulin (Ig)G that mediate protection from clearance or degradation via binding to the neonatal Fc receptor. 28952523 3 71 theme FVIII 610:614 arg1 N-glycosylation 579:593 human-like N-glycosylation 568:593 human-like N-glycosylation of recombinant FVIII 568:614 While human-like N-glycosylation of recombinant FVIII is known to be crucial for the clotting factor's quality and function, the particular glycosylation of the fused Fc portion has not been investigated in detail so far, despite its known impact on Fcγ receptor binding. 28952523 3 72 theme Fcγ 812:814 arg1 binding 825:831 Fcγ receptor binding 812:831 Fcγ receptor binding 812:831 While human-like N-glycosylation of recombinant FVIII is known to be crucial for the clotting factor's quality and function, the particular glycosylation of the fused Fc portion has not been investigated in detail so far, despite its known impact on Fcγ receptor binding. 28952523 8 73 theme hydrophilic 1477:1487 arg1 chromatography 1508:1521 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 1477:1521 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) 1477:1529 Labeling with 2-aminobenzamide (2AB) and analysis via hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) allowed a quantitative comparison of the respective N-glycosylation. 28952523 8 73 theme hydrophilic 1477:1487 arg1 HILIC 1524:1528 HILIC 1524:1528 HILIC 1524:1528 Labeling with 2-aminobenzamide (2AB) and analysis via hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) allowed a quantitative comparison of the respective N-glycosylation. 28952523 6 74 theme protein 1159:1165 arg1 bands 1167:1171 Corresponding protein bands 1145:1171 Corresponding protein bands 1145:1171 Corresponding protein bands were referred to PNGase F in-gel digestion in order to release the respective N-glycans. 28952523 0 75 theme Chimeric 61:68 arg1 VIII 95:98 a Chimeric Human Coagulation Factor VIII 59:98 a Chimeric Human Coagulation Factor VIII 59:98 Comparative N-Glycosylation Analysis of the Fc Portions of a Chimeric Human Coagulation Factor VIII and Immunoglobulin G1. 28952523 4 76 theme FVIII-Fc 901:908 arg1 protein 910:916 a chimeric FVIII-Fc protein 890:916 a chimeric FVIII-Fc protein 890:916 Here, we analyzed the N-glycosylation of the Fc part of a chimeric FVIII-Fc protein compared to a commercial IgG1 purified from human plasma. 28952523 8 77 theme liquid 1501:1506 arg1 chromatography 1508:1521 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 1477:1521 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) 1477:1529 Labeling with 2-aminobenzamide (2AB) and analysis via hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) allowed a quantitative comparison of the respective N-glycosylation. 28952523 8 77 theme liquid 1501:1506 arg1 HILIC 1524:1528 HILIC 1524:1528 HILIC 1524:1528 Labeling with 2-aminobenzamide (2AB) and analysis via hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) allowed a quantitative comparison of the respective N-glycosylation. 28952523 0 78 theme Coagulation 76:86 arg1 VIII 95:98 a Chimeric Human Coagulation Factor VIII 59:98 a Chimeric Human Coagulation Factor VIII 59:98 Comparative N-Glycosylation Analysis of the Fc Portions of a Chimeric Human Coagulation Factor VIII and Immunoglobulin G1. 28952523 1 79 theme bleeding 151:158 arg1 Prevention 123:132 Prevention 123:132 Prevention 123:132 Prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients suffering from hemophilia A are inconvenient due to repeated intravenous infusions owing to the short half-life of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) in circulation. 28952523 1 79 theme bleeding 151:158 arg1 treatment 138:146 treatment 138:146 treatment 138:146 Prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients suffering from hemophilia A are inconvenient due to repeated intravenous infusions owing to the short half-life of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) in circulation. 28952523 0 80 theme VIII 95:98 arg1 Portions 47:54 the Fc Portions 40:54 the Fc Portions of a Chimeric Human Coagulation Factor VIII and Immunoglobulin G1 40:120 Comparative N-Glycosylation Analysis of the Fc Portions of a Chimeric Human Coagulation Factor VIII and Immunoglobulin G1. 28952523 5 81 theme sodium 1075:1080 arg1 SDS-PAGE 1134:1141 SDS-PAGE 1134:1141 SDS-PAGE 1134:1141 Fc parts from both samples were released by enzymatic cleavage and were subsequently separated via sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). 28952523 5 81 theme sodium 1075:1080 arg1 electrophoresis 1117:1131 sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 1075:1131 sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) 1075:1142 Fc parts from both samples were released by enzymatic cleavage and were subsequently separated via sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). 28952523 4 82 theme part 882:885 arg1 N-glycosylation 856:870 the N-glycosylation 852:870 the N-glycosylation of the Fc part of a chimeric FVIII-Fc protein 852:916 Here, we analyzed the N-glycosylation of the Fc part of a chimeric FVIII-Fc protein compared to a commercial IgG1 purified from human plasma. 28952523 5 83 from samples 995:1001 arg1 parts 979:983 Fc parts 976:983 Fc parts from both samples 976:1001 Fc parts from both samples were released by enzymatic cleavage and were subsequently separated via sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). 28952523 7 84 theme laser 1291:1295 arg1 spectrometry 1351:1362 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry 1275:1362 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry 1275:1362 Analysis via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry revealed structural differences of both N-glycan patterns. 28952523 0 85 theme Immunoglobulin 104:117 arg1 G1 119:120 Immunoglobulin G1 104:120 Immunoglobulin G1 104:120 Comparative N-Glycosylation Analysis of the Fc Portions of a Chimeric Human Coagulation Factor VIII and Immunoglobulin G1. 28952523 0 86 theme N-Glycosylation 12:26 arg1 Analysis 28:35 Comparative N-Glycosylation Analysis 0:35 Comparative N-Glycosylation Analysis of the Fc Portions of a Chimeric Human Coagulation Factor VIII and Immunoglobulin G1. 0:121 Comparative N-Glycosylation Analysis of the Fc Portions of a Chimeric Human Coagulation Factor VIII and Immunoglobulin G1. 28952523 9 87 theme protein 1669:1675 arg1 glycosylation 1626:1638 Fc glycosylation 1623:1638 Fc glycosylation of the chimeric FVIII fusion protein and human plasma-derived IgG1 1623:1705 Observed variations in Fc glycosylation of the chimeric FVIII fusion protein and human plasma-derived IgG1, e.g., regarding terminal sialylation, are discussed, focusing on the impact of the clotting factor's properties, most notably its binding to Fcγ receptors. 28952523 9 88 link plasma-derived 1687:1700 arg1 IgG1 1702:1705 human plasma-derived IgG1 1681:1705 human plasma-derived IgG1 1681:1705 Observed variations in Fc glycosylation of the chimeric FVIII fusion protein and human plasma-derived IgG1, e.g., regarding terminal sialylation, are discussed, focusing on the impact of the clotting factor's properties, most notably its binding to Fcγ receptors. 28952523 2 89 theme protein 425:431 arg1 fusion 433:438 the protein fusion 421:438 the protein fusion to Fc-immunoglobulin (Ig)G that mediate protection from clearance or degradation via binding to the neonatal Fc receptor 421:559 Besides (glyco-)pegylation of the FVIII molecule, a bioengineering approach comprises the protein fusion to Fc-immunoglobulin (Ig)G that mediate protection from clearance or degradation via binding to the neonatal Fc receptor. 28952523 3 90 gly glycosylation 702:714 arg1 detail 769:774 detail 769:774 detail 769:774 While human-like N-glycosylation of recombinant FVIII is known to be crucial for the clotting factor's quality and function, the particular glycosylation of the fused Fc portion has not been investigated in detail so far, despite its known impact on Fcγ receptor binding. 28952523 3 90 gly glycosylation 702:714 arg1 portion 732:738 the fused Fc portion 719:738 the fused Fc portion 719:738 While human-like N-glycosylation of recombinant FVIII is known to be crucial for the clotting factor's quality and function, the particular glycosylation of the fused Fc portion has not been investigated in detail so far, despite its known impact on Fcγ receptor binding. 28952523 2 91 theme bioengineering 387:400 arg1 approach 402:409 a bioengineering approach 385:409 a bioengineering approach 385:409 Besides (glyco-)pegylation of the FVIII molecule, a bioengineering approach comprises the protein fusion to Fc-immunoglobulin (Ig)G that mediate protection from clearance or degradation via binding to the neonatal Fc receptor. 28952523 0 92 theme Fc 44:45 arg1 Portions 47:54 the Fc Portions 40:54 the Fc Portions of a Chimeric Human Coagulation Factor VIII and Immunoglobulin G1 40:120 Comparative N-Glycosylation Analysis of the Fc Portions of a Chimeric Human Coagulation Factor VIII and Immunoglobulin G1. 28952523 1 93 theme factor 299:304 arg1 FVIII 312:316 FVIII 312:316 FVIII 312:316 Prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients suffering from hemophilia A are inconvenient due to repeated intravenous infusions owing to the short half-life of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) in circulation. 28952523 1 93 theme factor 299:304 arg1 VIII 306:309 coagulation factor VIII 287:309 coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) in circulation 287:332 Prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients suffering from hemophilia A are inconvenient due to repeated intravenous infusions owing to the short half-life of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) in circulation. 28952523 8 94 theme N-glycosylation 1583:1597 arg1 comparison 1554:1563 a quantitative comparison 1539:1563 a quantitative comparison of the respective N-glycosylation 1539:1597 Labeling with 2-aminobenzamide (2AB) and analysis via hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) allowed a quantitative comparison of the respective N-glycosylation. 28952523 5 95 theme sulfate 1090:1096 arg1 SDS-PAGE 1134:1141 SDS-PAGE 1134:1141 SDS-PAGE 1134:1141 Fc parts from both samples were released by enzymatic cleavage and were subsequently separated via sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). 28952523 5 95 theme sulfate 1090:1096 arg1 electrophoresis 1117:1131 sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 1075:1131 sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) 1075:1142 Fc parts from both samples were released by enzymatic cleavage and were subsequently separated via sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). 28952523 9 96 theme Fc 1623:1624 arg1 glycosylation 1626:1638 Fc glycosylation 1623:1638 Fc glycosylation of the chimeric FVIII fusion protein and human plasma-derived IgG1 1623:1705 Observed variations in Fc glycosylation of the chimeric FVIII fusion protein and human plasma-derived IgG1, e.g., regarding terminal sialylation, are discussed, focusing on the impact of the clotting factor's properties, most notably its binding to Fcγ receptors. 28952523 3 97 theme clotting 647:654 arg1 quality 665:671 the clotting factor's quality 643:671 the clotting factor's quality 643:671 While human-like N-glycosylation of recombinant FVIII is known to be crucial for the clotting factor's quality and function, the particular glycosylation of the fused Fc portion has not been investigated in detail so far, despite its known impact on Fcγ receptor binding. 28952523 5 98 theme gel 1113:1115 arg1 SDS-PAGE 1134:1141 SDS-PAGE 1134:1141 SDS-PAGE 1134:1141 Fc parts from both samples were released by enzymatic cleavage and were subsequently separated via sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). 28952523 5 98 theme gel 1113:1115 arg1 electrophoresis 1117:1131 sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 1075:1131 sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) 1075:1142 Fc parts from both samples were released by enzymatic cleavage and were subsequently separated via sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). 28952523 1 99 theme repeated 224:231 arg1 infusions 245:253 repeated intravenous infusions 224:253 repeated intravenous infusions owing to the short half-life of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) in circulation 224:332 Prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients suffering from hemophilia A are inconvenient due to repeated intravenous infusions owing to the short half-life of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) in circulation. 28952523 9 100 theme chimeric 1647:1654 arg1 protein 1669:1675 the chimeric FVIII fusion protein 1643:1675 the chimeric FVIII fusion protein 1643:1675 Observed variations in Fc glycosylation of the chimeric FVIII fusion protein and human plasma-derived IgG1, e.g., regarding terminal sialylation, are discussed, focusing on the impact of the clotting factor's properties, most notably its binding to Fcγ receptors. 28952523 2 101 theme FVIII 369:373 arg1 molecule 375:382 the FVIII molecule 365:382 the FVIII molecule 365:382 Besides (glyco-)pegylation of the FVIII molecule, a bioengineering approach comprises the protein fusion to Fc-immunoglobulin (Ig)G that mediate protection from clearance or degradation via binding to the neonatal Fc receptor. 28952523 9 102 gly glycosylation 1626:1638 arg1 IgG1 1702:1705 human plasma-derived IgG1 1681:1705 human plasma-derived IgG1 1681:1705 Observed variations in Fc glycosylation of the chimeric FVIII fusion protein and human plasma-derived IgG1, e.g., regarding terminal sialylation, are discussed, focusing on the impact of the clotting factor's properties, most notably its binding to Fcγ receptors. 28952523 9 102 gly glycosylation 1626:1638 arg1 protein 1669:1675 the chimeric FVIII fusion protein 1643:1675 the chimeric FVIII fusion protein 1643:1675 Observed variations in Fc glycosylation of the chimeric FVIII fusion protein and human plasma-derived IgG1, e.g., regarding terminal sialylation, are discussed, focusing on the impact of the clotting factor's properties, most notably its binding to Fcγ receptors. 26917389 1 0 theme inorganic 170:178 arg1 particles 207:215 inorganic (Ag) and organic (beeswax) particles 170:215 inorganic (Ag) and organic (beeswax) particles 170:215 An effective method of preparing composites containing inorganic (Ag) and organic (beeswax) particles was established in this study. 26917389 0 1 theme resistance 83:92 arg1 properties 94:103 water resistance properties 77:103 water resistance properties 77:103 Preparation of the CNC/Ag/beeswax composites for enhancing antibacterial and water resistance properties of paper. 26917389 0 2 theme paper 108:112 arg1 properties 94:103 water resistance properties 77:103 water resistance properties 77:103 Preparation of the CNC/Ag/beeswax composites for enhancing antibacterial and water resistance properties of paper. 26917389 0 2 theme paper 108:112 arg1 antibacterial 59:71 antibacterial 59:71 antibacterial 59:71 Preparation of the CNC/Ag/beeswax composites for enhancing antibacterial and water resistance properties of paper. 26917389 3 3 theme beeswax 504:510 arg1 particles 512:520 Ag and beeswax particles 497:520 Ag and beeswax particles 497:520 Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images indicated that Ag and beeswax particles were uniformly dispersed and stable in the network structure formed by CNC. 26917389 4 4 theme paper 616:620 arg1 surface 622:628 a paper surface 614:628 a paper surface 614:628 Upon coating on a paper surface, a layer of beeswax film was evident based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. 26917389 4 5 theme scanning 676:683 arg1 SEM 706:708 SEM 706:708 SEM 706:708 Upon coating on a paper surface, a layer of beeswax film was evident based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. 26917389 4 5 theme scanning 676:683 arg1 microscopy 694:703 scanning electron microscopy 676:703 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images 676:716 Upon coating on a paper surface, a layer of beeswax film was evident based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. 26917389 6 6 theme improved 1084:1091 arg1 resistance 1099:1108 improved water resistance 1084:1108 improved water resistance 1084:1108 When applied onto paper surface by coating, the CNC/Ag/beeswax composites can impact paper with antibacterial property and improved water resistance. 26917389 4 7 theme beeswax 642:648 arg1 film 650:653 beeswax film 642:653 beeswax film 642:653 Upon coating on a paper surface, a layer of beeswax film was evident based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. 26917389 3 8 from structure 573:581 arg1 dispersed 537:545 dispersed 537:545 dispersed 537:545 Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images indicated that Ag and beeswax particles were uniformly dispersed and stable in the network structure formed by CNC. 26917389 3 9 theme microscopy 457:466 arg1 images 475:480 Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images 426:480 Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images 426:480 Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images indicated that Ag and beeswax particles were uniformly dispersed and stable in the network structure formed by CNC. 26917389 5 10 theme angle 739:743 arg1 tests 772:776 The dynamic contact angle and antibacterial activity tests 719:776 The dynamic contact angle and antibacterial activity tests 719:776 The dynamic contact angle and antibacterial activity tests indicated that the contact angle of coated paper reached 113.06° and the growth inhibition of Escherichia coli increased to 99.96%, respectively, at a coating amount of 21.53 g/m(2). 26917389 3 11 theme Ag 497:498 arg1 particles 512:520 Ag and beeswax particles 497:520 Ag and beeswax particles 497:520 Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images indicated that Ag and beeswax particles were uniformly dispersed and stable in the network structure formed by CNC. 26917389 2 12 theme CNC 373:375 arg1 presence 361:368 the presence 357:368 the presence of CNC, then mixed with beeswax by high speed stirring 357:423 Ag nanoparticles were first immobilized on the cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) during the reduction of AgNO3 in the presence of CNC, then mixed with beeswax by high speed stirring. 26917389 1 13 contain containing 159:168 arg2 particles 207:215 inorganic (Ag) and organic (beeswax) particles 170:215 inorganic (Ag) and organic (beeswax) particles 170:215 An effective method of preparing composites containing inorganic (Ag) and organic (beeswax) particles was established in this study. 26917389 1 13 contain containing 159:168 arg1 composites 148:157 preparing composites 138:157 preparing composites containing inorganic (Ag) and organic (beeswax) particles 138:215 An effective method of preparing composites containing inorganic (Ag) and organic (beeswax) particles was established in this study. 26917389 2 14 theme speed 410:414 arg1 stirring 416:423 high speed stirring 405:423 high speed stirring 405:423 Ag nanoparticles were first immobilized on the cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) during the reduction of AgNO3 in the presence of CNC, then mixed with beeswax by high speed stirring. 26917389 6 15 theme antibacterial 1057:1069 arg1 property 1071:1078 antibacterial property 1057:1078 antibacterial property 1057:1078 When applied onto paper surface by coating, the CNC/Ag/beeswax composites can impact paper with antibacterial property and improved water resistance. 26917389 6 16 theme paper 979:983 arg1 surface 985:991 paper surface 979:991 paper surface 979:991 When applied onto paper surface by coating, the CNC/Ag/beeswax composites can impact paper with antibacterial property and improved water resistance. 26917389 2 17 from reduction 335:343 arg1 presence 361:368 the presence 357:368 the presence of CNC, then mixed with beeswax by high speed stirring 357:423 Ag nanoparticles were first immobilized on the cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) during the reduction of AgNO3 in the presence of CNC, then mixed with beeswax by high speed stirring. 26917389 1 18 dep inorganic 170:178 arg1 Ag 181:182 Ag 181:182 Ag 181:182 An effective method of preparing composites containing inorganic (Ag) and organic (beeswax) particles was established in this study. 26917389 2 19 theme high 405:408 arg1 stirring 416:423 high speed stirring 405:423 high speed stirring 405:423 Ag nanoparticles were first immobilized on the cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) during the reduction of AgNO3 in the presence of CNC, then mixed with beeswax by high speed stirring. 26917389 5 20 theme contact 797:803 arg1 angle 805:809 the contact angle 793:809 the contact angle of coated paper 793:825 The dynamic contact angle and antibacterial activity tests indicated that the contact angle of coated paper reached 113.06° and the growth inhibition of Escherichia coli increased to 99.96%, respectively, at a coating amount of 21.53 g/m(2). 26917389 5 21 theme coli 884:887 arg1 113.06° 835:841 113.06° 835:841 113.06° 835:841 The dynamic contact angle and antibacterial activity tests indicated that the contact angle of coated paper reached 113.06° and the growth inhibition of Escherichia coli increased to 99.96%, respectively, at a coating amount of 21.53 g/m(2). 26917389 5 21 theme coli 884:887 arg1 inhibition 858:867 the growth inhibition 847:867 the growth inhibition of Escherichia coli 847:887 The dynamic contact angle and antibacterial activity tests indicated that the contact angle of coated paper reached 113.06° and the growth inhibition of Escherichia coli increased to 99.96%, respectively, at a coating amount of 21.53 g/m(2). 26917389 1 22 theme organic 189:195 arg1 particles 207:215 inorganic (Ag) and organic (beeswax) particles 170:215 inorganic (Ag) and organic (beeswax) particles 170:215 An effective method of preparing composites containing inorganic (Ag) and organic (beeswax) particles was established in this study. 26917389 0 23 theme CNC/Ag/beeswax 19:32 arg1 composites 34:43 the CNC/Ag/beeswax composites 15:43 the CNC/Ag/beeswax composites 15:43 Preparation of the CNC/Ag/beeswax composites for enhancing antibacterial and water resistance properties of paper. 26917389 2 24 theme cellulose 295:303 arg1 CNC 319:321 CNC 319:321 CNC 319:321 Ag nanoparticles were first immobilized on the cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) during the reduction of AgNO3 in the presence of CNC, then mixed with beeswax by high speed stirring. 26917389 2 24 theme cellulose 295:303 arg1 nanocrystals 305:316 the cellulose nanocrystals 291:316 the cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) 291:322 Ag nanoparticles were first immobilized on the cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) during the reduction of AgNO3 in the presence of CNC, then mixed with beeswax by high speed stirring. 26917389 3 25 theme Scanning 426:433 arg1 STEM 469:472 STEM 469:472 STEM 469:472 Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images indicated that Ag and beeswax particles were uniformly dispersed and stable in the network structure formed by CNC. 26917389 3 25 theme Scanning 426:433 arg1 microscopy 457:466 Scanning transmission electron microscopy 426:466 Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images 426:480 Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images indicated that Ag and beeswax particles were uniformly dispersed and stable in the network structure formed by CNC. 26917389 5 26 theme activity 763:770 arg1 tests 772:776 The dynamic contact angle and antibacterial activity tests 719:776 The dynamic contact angle and antibacterial activity tests 719:776 The dynamic contact angle and antibacterial activity tests indicated that the contact angle of coated paper reached 113.06° and the growth inhibition of Escherichia coli increased to 99.96%, respectively, at a coating amount of 21.53 g/m(2). 26917389 6 27 theme water 1093:1097 arg1 resistance 1099:1108 improved water resistance 1084:1108 improved water resistance 1084:1108 When applied onto paper surface by coating, the CNC/Ag/beeswax composites can impact paper with antibacterial property and improved water resistance. 26917389 4 28 theme electron 685:692 arg1 SEM 706:708 SEM 706:708 SEM 706:708 Upon coating on a paper surface, a layer of beeswax film was evident based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. 26917389 4 28 theme electron 685:692 arg1 microscopy 694:703 scanning electron microscopy 676:703 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images 676:716 Upon coating on a paper surface, a layer of beeswax film was evident based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. 26917389 3 29 theme transmission 435:446 arg1 STEM 469:472 STEM 469:472 STEM 469:472 Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images indicated that Ag and beeswax particles were uniformly dispersed and stable in the network structure formed by CNC. 26917389 3 29 theme transmission 435:446 arg1 microscopy 457:466 Scanning transmission electron microscopy 426:466 Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images 426:480 Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images indicated that Ag and beeswax particles were uniformly dispersed and stable in the network structure formed by CNC. 26917389 5 30 theme growth 851:856 arg1 inhibition 858:867 the growth inhibition 847:867 the growth inhibition of Escherichia coli 847:887 The dynamic contact angle and antibacterial activity tests indicated that the contact angle of coated paper reached 113.06° and the growth inhibition of Escherichia coli increased to 99.96%, respectively, at a coating amount of 21.53 g/m(2). 26917389 5 31 theme coated 814:819 arg1 paper 821:825 coated paper 814:825 coated paper 814:825 The dynamic contact angle and antibacterial activity tests indicated that the contact angle of coated paper reached 113.06° and the growth inhibition of Escherichia coli increased to 99.96%, respectively, at a coating amount of 21.53 g/m(2). 26917389 0 32 theme composites 34:43 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation of the CNC/Ag/beeswax composites for enhancing antibacterial and water resistance properties of paper. 0:113 Preparation of the CNC/Ag/beeswax composites for enhancing antibacterial and water resistance properties of paper. 26917389 3 33 theme network 565:571 arg1 structure 573:581 the network structure 561:581 the network structure formed by CNC 561:595 Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images indicated that Ag and beeswax particles were uniformly dispersed and stable in the network structure formed by CNC. 26917389 5 34 theme antibacterial 749:761 arg1 activity 763:770 antibacterial activity 749:770 antibacterial activity 749:770 The dynamic contact angle and antibacterial activity tests indicated that the contact angle of coated paper reached 113.06° and the growth inhibition of Escherichia coli increased to 99.96%, respectively, at a coating amount of 21.53 g/m(2). 26917389 5 35 theme dynamic 723:729 arg1 angle 739:743 dynamic contact angle 723:743 dynamic contact angle 723:743 The dynamic contact angle and antibacterial activity tests indicated that the contact angle of coated paper reached 113.06° and the growth inhibition of Escherichia coli increased to 99.96%, respectively, at a coating amount of 21.53 g/m(2). 26917389 5 36 theme paper 821:825 arg1 angle 805:809 the contact angle 793:809 the contact angle of coated paper 793:825 The dynamic contact angle and antibacterial activity tests indicated that the contact angle of coated paper reached 113.06° and the growth inhibition of Escherichia coli increased to 99.96%, respectively, at a coating amount of 21.53 g/m(2). 26917389 1 37 theme effective 118:126 arg1 method 128:133 An effective method 115:133 An effective method of preparing composites containing inorganic (Ag) and organic (beeswax) particles 115:215 An effective method of preparing composites containing inorganic (Ag) and organic (beeswax) particles was established in this study. 26917389 5 38 theme contact 731:737 arg1 angle 739:743 dynamic contact angle 723:743 dynamic contact angle 723:743 The dynamic contact angle and antibacterial activity tests indicated that the contact angle of coated paper reached 113.06° and the growth inhibition of Escherichia coli increased to 99.96%, respectively, at a coating amount of 21.53 g/m(2). 26917389 5 39 theme g/m 953:955 arg1 2 957:957 2 957:957 2 957:957 The dynamic contact angle and antibacterial activity tests indicated that the contact angle of coated paper reached 113.06° and the growth inhibition of Escherichia coli increased to 99.96%, respectively, at a coating amount of 21.53 g/m(2). 26917389 5 39 theme g/m 953:955 arg1 amount 937:942 a coating amount 927:942 a coating amount of 21.53 g/m(2) 927:958 The dynamic contact angle and antibacterial activity tests indicated that the contact angle of coated paper reached 113.06° and the growth inhibition of Escherichia coli increased to 99.96%, respectively, at a coating amount of 21.53 g/m(2). 26917389 5 39 theme g/m 953:955 arg1 g/m 953:955 21.53 g/m 947:955 21.53 g/m(2) 947:958 The dynamic contact angle and antibacterial activity tests indicated that the contact angle of coated paper reached 113.06° and the growth inhibition of Escherichia coli increased to 99.96%, respectively, at a coating amount of 21.53 g/m(2). 26917389 4 40 theme film 650:653 arg1 evident 659:665 evident 659:665 evident 659:665 Upon coating on a paper surface, a layer of beeswax film was evident based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. 26917389 4 40 theme film 650:653 arg1 layer 633:637 a layer 631:637 a layer of beeswax film 631:653 Upon coating on a paper surface, a layer of beeswax film was evident based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. 26917389 1 41 dep organic 189:195 arg1 beeswax 198:204 beeswax 198:204 beeswax 198:204 An effective method of preparing composites containing inorganic (Ag) and organic (beeswax) particles was established in this study. 26917389 3 42 theme electron 448:455 arg1 STEM 469:472 STEM 469:472 STEM 469:472 Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images indicated that Ag and beeswax particles were uniformly dispersed and stable in the network structure formed by CNC. 26917389 3 42 theme electron 448:455 arg1 microscopy 457:466 Scanning transmission electron microscopy 426:466 Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images 426:480 Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images indicated that Ag and beeswax particles were uniformly dispersed and stable in the network structure formed by CNC. 26917389 4 43 theme microscopy 694:703 arg1 images 711:716 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images 676:716 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images 676:716 Upon coating on a paper surface, a layer of beeswax film was evident based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. 26917389 2 44 theme Ag 248:249 arg1 nanoparticles 251:263 Ag nanoparticles 248:263 Ag nanoparticles 248:263 Ag nanoparticles were first immobilized on the cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) during the reduction of AgNO3 in the presence of CNC, then mixed with beeswax by high speed stirring. 26917389 1 45 theme preparing 138:146 arg1 composites 148:157 preparing composites 138:157 preparing composites containing inorganic (Ag) and organic (beeswax) particles 138:215 An effective method of preparing composites containing inorganic (Ag) and organic (beeswax) particles was established in this study. 26917389 3 46 from dispersed 537:545 arg1 structure 573:581 the network structure 561:581 the network structure formed by CNC 561:595 Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images indicated that Ag and beeswax particles were uniformly dispersed and stable in the network structure formed by CNC. 26917389 6 47 theme CNC/Ag/beeswax 1009:1022 arg1 composites 1024:1033 the CNC/Ag/beeswax composites 1005:1033 the CNC/Ag/beeswax composites 1005:1033 When applied onto paper surface by coating, the CNC/Ag/beeswax composites can impact paper with antibacterial property and improved water resistance. 26917389 0 48 theme water 77:81 arg1 properties 94:103 water resistance properties 77:103 water resistance properties 77:103 Preparation of the CNC/Ag/beeswax composites for enhancing antibacterial and water resistance properties of paper. 26917389 1 49 theme composites 148:157 arg1 method 128:133 An effective method 115:133 An effective method of preparing composites containing inorganic (Ag) and organic (beeswax) particles 115:215 An effective method of preparing composites containing inorganic (Ag) and organic (beeswax) particles was established in this study. 26917389 5 50 theme coating 929:935 arg1 2 957:957 2 957:957 2 957:957 The dynamic contact angle and antibacterial activity tests indicated that the contact angle of coated paper reached 113.06° and the growth inhibition of Escherichia coli increased to 99.96%, respectively, at a coating amount of 21.53 g/m(2). 26917389 5 50 theme coating 929:935 arg1 amount 937:942 a coating amount 927:942 a coating amount of 21.53 g/m(2) 927:958 The dynamic contact angle and antibacterial activity tests indicated that the contact angle of coated paper reached 113.06° and the growth inhibition of Escherichia coli increased to 99.96%, respectively, at a coating amount of 21.53 g/m(2). 26917389 5 50 theme coating 929:935 arg1 g/m 953:955 21.53 g/m 947:955 21.53 g/m(2) 947:958 The dynamic contact angle and antibacterial activity tests indicated that the contact angle of coated paper reached 113.06° and the growth inhibition of Escherichia coli increased to 99.96%, respectively, at a coating amount of 21.53 g/m(2). 26917389 2 51 theme AgNO3 348:352 arg1 reduction 335:343 the reduction 331:343 the reduction of AgNO3 in the presence of CNC, then mixed with beeswax by high speed stirring 331:423 Ag nanoparticles were first immobilized on the cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) during the reduction of AgNO3 in the presence of CNC, then mixed with beeswax by high speed stirring. 26917389 6 52 with impact 1039:1044 arg1 resistance 1099:1108 improved water resistance 1084:1108 improved water resistance 1084:1108 When applied onto paper surface by coating, the CNC/Ag/beeswax composites can impact paper with antibacterial property and improved water resistance. 26917389 6 52 with impact 1039:1044 arg1 property 1071:1078 antibacterial property 1057:1078 antibacterial property 1057:1078 When applied onto paper surface by coating, the CNC/Ag/beeswax composites can impact paper with antibacterial property and improved water resistance. 24589453 4 0 theme Thbs4 453:457 arg1 mice 464:467 Thbs4(-/-) mice 453:467 Thbs4(-/-) mice 453:467 In Thbs4(-/-) mice, tendon collagen fibrils are significantly larger than in wild-type mice, and there is no compensatory over-expression of TSP-3 and TSP-5, the two TSPs most highly homologous to TSP-4, in the deficient mice. 24589453 8 1 theme major 1434:1438 arg1 deposition 1453:1462 its deposition 1449:1462 its deposition 1449:1462 These observations suggest that TSP-4 regulates the composition of the ECM at major sites of its deposition, tendon and muscle, and the absence of TSP-4 alters the organization, composition and physiological functions of these tissues. 24589453 8 1 theme major 1434:1438 arg1 muscle 1476:1481 muscle 1476:1481 muscle 1476:1481 These observations suggest that TSP-4 regulates the composition of the ECM at major sites of its deposition, tendon and muscle, and the absence of TSP-4 alters the organization, composition and physiological functions of these tissues. 24589453 8 1 theme major 1434:1438 arg1 tendon 1465:1470 tendon 1465:1470 tendon 1465:1470 These observations suggest that TSP-4 regulates the composition of the ECM at major sites of its deposition, tendon and muscle, and the absence of TSP-4 alters the organization, composition and physiological functions of these tissues. 24589453 8 1 theme major 1434:1438 arg1 sites 1440:1444 major sites 1434:1444 major sites of its deposition, tendon and muscle 1434:1481 These observations suggest that TSP-4 regulates the composition of the ECM at major sites of its deposition, tendon and muscle, and the absence of TSP-4 alters the organization, composition and physiological functions of these tissues. 24589453 5 2 theme skeletal 799:806 arg1 muscle 808:813 red skeletal muscle 795:813 red skeletal muscle 795:813 TSP-4 is expressed in skeletal muscle, and higher levels of TSP-4 protein are associated with the microvasculature of red skeletal muscle with high oxidative metabolism. 24589453 1 3 theme cell 240:243 arg1 types 245:249 vascular and other cell types 221:249 vascular and other cell types 221:249 Thrombospondins (TSPs) are multifunctional proteins that are deposited in the extracellular matrix where they directly affect the function of vascular and other cell types. 24589453 3 4 from effect 359:364 arg1 collagen 396:403 tendon collagen 389:403 tendon collagen 389:403 We have examined the effect of TSP-4 deficiency on tendon collagen and skeletal muscle morphology and function. 24589453 3 4 from effect 359:364 arg1 muscle 418:423 skeletal muscle morphology and function 409:447 muscle 418:423 We have examined the effect of TSP-4 deficiency on tendon collagen and skeletal muscle morphology and function. 24589453 5 5 theme muscle 808:813 arg1 microvasculature 775:790 the microvasculature 771:790 the microvasculature of red skeletal muscle with high oxidative metabolism 771:844 TSP-4 is expressed in skeletal muscle, and higher levels of TSP-4 protein are associated with the microvasculature of red skeletal muscle with high oxidative metabolism. 24589453 8 6 theme tissues 1583:1589 arg1 composition 1534:1544 composition 1534:1544 composition 1534:1544 These observations suggest that TSP-4 regulates the composition of the ECM at major sites of its deposition, tendon and muscle, and the absence of TSP-4 alters the organization, composition and physiological functions of these tissues. 24589453 8 6 theme tissues 1583:1589 arg1 functions 1564:1572 physiological functions 1550:1572 physiological functions 1550:1572 These observations suggest that TSP-4 regulates the composition of the ECM at major sites of its deposition, tendon and muscle, and the absence of TSP-4 alters the organization, composition and physiological functions of these tissues. 24589453 8 6 theme tissues 1583:1589 arg1 organization 1520:1531 organization 1520:1531 organization 1520:1531 These observations suggest that TSP-4 regulates the composition of the ECM at major sites of its deposition, tendon and muscle, and the absence of TSP-4 alters the organization, composition and physiological functions of these tissues. 24589453 1 7 theme types 245:249 arg1 function 209:216 the function 205:216 the function of vascular and other cell types 205:249 Thrombospondins (TSPs) are multifunctional proteins that are deposited in the extracellular matrix where they directly affect the function of vascular and other cell types. 24589453 6 8 theme modifications 1012:1024 arg1 activity 1090:1097 decreased activity 1080:1097 decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans 1080:1198 Lack of TSP-4 in medial soleus, red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism, is associated with decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications, decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan, decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans, and decreased uptake of VLDL. 24589453 6 8 theme modifications 1012:1024 arg1 uptake 1215:1220 decreased uptake 1205:1220 decreased uptake of VLDL 1205:1228 Lack of TSP-4 in medial soleus, red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism, is associated with decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications, decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan, decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans, and decreased uptake of VLDL. 24589453 6 8 theme modifications 1012:1024 arg1 expression 1037:1046 decreased expression 1027:1046 decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan 1027:1077 Lack of TSP-4 in medial soleus, red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism, is associated with decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications, decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan, decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans, and decreased uptake of VLDL. 24589453 6 8 theme modifications 1012:1024 arg1 levels 967:972 decreased levels 957:972 decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications 957:1024 Lack of TSP-4 in medial soleus, red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism, is associated with decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications, decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan, decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans, and decreased uptake of VLDL. 24589453 4 9 theme -/- 459:461 arg1 mice 464:467 Thbs4(-/-) mice 453:467 Thbs4(-/-) mice 453:467 In Thbs4(-/-) mice, tendon collagen fibrils are significantly larger than in wild-type mice, and there is no compensatory over-expression of TSP-3 and TSP-5, the two TSPs most highly homologous to TSP-4, in the deficient mice. 24589453 6 10 theme decreased 1205:1213 arg1 uptake 1215:1220 decreased uptake 1205:1220 decreased uptake of VLDL 1205:1228 Lack of TSP-4 in medial soleus, red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism, is associated with decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications, decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan, decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans, and decreased uptake of VLDL. 24589453 6 11 theme lipase 1114:1119 arg1 activity 1090:1097 decreased activity 1080:1097 decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans 1080:1198 Lack of TSP-4 in medial soleus, red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism, is associated with decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications, decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan, decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans, and decreased uptake of VLDL. 24589453 6 11 theme lipase 1114:1119 arg1 uptake 1215:1220 decreased uptake 1205:1220 decreased uptake of VLDL 1205:1228 Lack of TSP-4 in medial soleus, red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism, is associated with decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications, decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan, decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans, and decreased uptake of VLDL. 24589453 6 11 theme lipase 1114:1119 arg1 expression 1037:1046 decreased expression 1027:1046 decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan 1027:1077 Lack of TSP-4 in medial soleus, red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism, is associated with decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications, decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan, decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans, and decreased uptake of VLDL. 24589453 6 11 theme lipase 1114:1119 arg1 levels 967:972 decreased levels 957:972 decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications 957:1024 Lack of TSP-4 in medial soleus, red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism, is associated with decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications, decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan, decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans, and decreased uptake of VLDL. 24589453 6 12 theme receptor 1058:1065 arg1 beta-glycan 1067:1077 a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan 1051:1077 a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan 1051:1077 Lack of TSP-4 in medial soleus, red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism, is associated with decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications, decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan, decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans, and decreased uptake of VLDL. 24589453 6 13 theme skeletal 883:890 arg1 muscle 892:897 red skeletal muscle 879:897 red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism 879:935 Lack of TSP-4 in medial soleus, red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism, is associated with decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications, decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan, decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans, and decreased uptake of VLDL. 24589453 6 13 theme skeletal 883:890 arg1 soleus 871:876 medial soleus 864:876 medial soleus 864:876 Lack of TSP-4 in medial soleus, red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism, is associated with decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications, decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan, decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans, and decreased uptake of VLDL. 24589453 6 14 theme decreased 1080:1088 arg1 activity 1090:1097 decreased activity 1080:1097 decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans 1080:1198 Lack of TSP-4 in medial soleus, red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism, is associated with decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications, decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan, decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans, and decreased uptake of VLDL. 24589453 7 15 theme wild-type 1340:1348 arg1 mice 1350:1353 wild-type mice 1340:1353 wild-type mice 1340:1353 The soleus muscle is smaller and hind- and fore-limb grip strength is reduced in Thbs4(-/-) mice compared to wild-type mice. 24589453 6 16 theme lipoprotein 1102:1112 arg1 lipase 1114:1119 lipoprotein lipase 1102:1119 lipoprotein lipase 1102:1119 Lack of TSP-4 in medial soleus, red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism, is associated with decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications, decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan, decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans, and decreased uptake of VLDL. 24589453 8 17 theme muscle 1476:1481 arg1 deposition 1453:1462 its deposition 1449:1462 its deposition 1449:1462 These observations suggest that TSP-4 regulates the composition of the ECM at major sites of its deposition, tendon and muscle, and the absence of TSP-4 alters the organization, composition and physiological functions of these tissues. 24589453 8 17 theme muscle 1476:1481 arg1 muscle 1476:1481 muscle 1476:1481 muscle 1476:1481 These observations suggest that TSP-4 regulates the composition of the ECM at major sites of its deposition, tendon and muscle, and the absence of TSP-4 alters the organization, composition and physiological functions of these tissues. 24589453 8 17 theme muscle 1476:1481 arg1 tendon 1465:1470 tendon 1465:1470 tendon 1465:1470 These observations suggest that TSP-4 regulates the composition of the ECM at major sites of its deposition, tendon and muscle, and the absence of TSP-4 alters the organization, composition and physiological functions of these tissues. 24589453 8 17 theme muscle 1476:1481 arg1 sites 1440:1444 major sites 1434:1444 major sites of its deposition, tendon and muscle 1434:1481 These observations suggest that TSP-4 regulates the composition of the ECM at major sites of its deposition, tendon and muscle, and the absence of TSP-4 alters the organization, composition and physiological functions of these tissues. 24589453 4 18 theme wild-type 527:535 arg1 mice 537:540 wild-type mice 527:540 wild-type mice 527:540 In Thbs4(-/-) mice, tendon collagen fibrils are significantly larger than in wild-type mice, and there is no compensatory over-expression of TSP-3 and TSP-5, the two TSPs most highly homologous to TSP-4, in the deficient mice. 24589453 6 19 theme TGFβ 1053:1056 arg1 beta-glycan 1067:1077 a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan 1051:1077 a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan 1051:1077 Lack of TSP-4 in medial soleus, red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism, is associated with decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications, decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan, decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans, and decreased uptake of VLDL. 24589453 6 20 theme specific 985:992 arg1 modifications 1012:1024 several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications 977:1024 several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications 977:1024 Lack of TSP-4 in medial soleus, red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism, is associated with decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications, decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan, decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans, and decreased uptake of VLDL. 24589453 1 21 theme extracellular 157:169 arg1 matrix 171:176 the extracellular matrix 153:176 the extracellular matrix where they directly affect the function of vascular and other cell types 153:249 Thrombospondins (TSPs) are multifunctional proteins that are deposited in the extracellular matrix where they directly affect the function of vascular and other cell types. 24589453 6 22 theme red 879:881 arg1 muscle 892:897 red skeletal muscle 879:897 red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism 879:935 Lack of TSP-4 in medial soleus, red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism, is associated with decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications, decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan, decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans, and decreased uptake of VLDL. 24589453 6 22 theme red 879:881 arg1 soleus 871:876 medial soleus 864:876 medial soleus 864:876 Lack of TSP-4 in medial soleus, red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism, is associated with decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications, decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan, decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans, and decreased uptake of VLDL. 24589453 7 23 theme soleus 1235:1240 arg1 smaller 1252:1258 smaller 1252:1258 smaller 1252:1258 The soleus muscle is smaller and hind- and fore-limb grip strength is reduced in Thbs4(-/-) mice compared to wild-type mice. 24589453 7 23 theme soleus 1235:1240 arg1 muscle 1242:1247 The soleus muscle 1231:1247 The soleus muscle 1231:1247 The soleus muscle is smaller and hind- and fore-limb grip strength is reduced in Thbs4(-/-) mice compared to wild-type mice. 24589453 4 24 theme TSP-3 591:595 arg1 over-expression 572:586 no compensatory over-expression 556:586 no compensatory over-expression of TSP-3 and TSP-5, the two TSPs most highly homologous to TSP-4, in the deficient mice 556:674 In Thbs4(-/-) mice, tendon collagen fibrils are significantly larger than in wild-type mice, and there is no compensatory over-expression of TSP-3 and TSP-5, the two TSPs most highly homologous to TSP-4, in the deficient mice. 24589453 6 25 with muscle 892:897 arg1 metabolism 926:935 predominant oxidative metabolism 904:935 predominant oxidative metabolism 904:935 Lack of TSP-4 in medial soleus, red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism, is associated with decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications, decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan, decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans, and decreased uptake of VLDL. 24589453 2 26 theme members 283:289 arg1 TSP-4 252:256 TSP-4 252:256 TSP-4 252:256 TSP-4, one of the 5 TSP family members, is expressed abundantly in tendon and muscle. 24589453 2 26 theme members 283:289 arg1 one 259:261 one 259:261 one 259:261 TSP-4, one of the 5 TSP family members, is expressed abundantly in tendon and muscle. 24589453 2 26 theme members 283:289 arg1 members 283:289 the 5 TSP family members 266:289 the 5 TSP family members 266:289 TSP-4, one of the 5 TSP family members, is expressed abundantly in tendon and muscle. 24589453 8 27 theme ECM 1427:1429 arg1 composition 1408:1418 the composition 1404:1418 the composition of the ECM 1404:1429 These observations suggest that TSP-4 regulates the composition of the ECM at major sites of its deposition, tendon and muscle, and the absence of TSP-4 alters the organization, composition and physiological functions of these tissues. 24589453 3 28 theme deficiency 375:384 arg1 effect 359:364 the effect 355:364 the effect of TSP-4 deficiency on tendon collagen and skeletal muscle morphology and function 355:447 We have examined the effect of TSP-4 deficiency on tendon collagen and skeletal muscle morphology and function. 24589453 2 29 theme family 276:281 arg1 members 283:289 the 5 TSP family members 266:289 the 5 TSP family members 266:289 TSP-4, one of the 5 TSP family members, is expressed abundantly in tendon and muscle. 24589453 4 30 theme TSP-5 601:605 arg1 over-expression 572:586 no compensatory over-expression 556:586 no compensatory over-expression of TSP-3 and TSP-5, the two TSPs most highly homologous to TSP-4, in the deficient mice 556:674 In Thbs4(-/-) mice, tendon collagen fibrils are significantly larger than in wild-type mice, and there is no compensatory over-expression of TSP-3 and TSP-5, the two TSPs most highly homologous to TSP-4, in the deficient mice. 24589453 5 31 theme higher 720:725 arg1 levels 727:732 higher levels 720:732 higher levels of TSP-4 protein 720:749 TSP-4 is expressed in skeletal muscle, and higher levels of TSP-4 protein are associated with the microvasculature of red skeletal muscle with high oxidative metabolism. 24589453 6 32 theme vascular 1144:1151 arg1 surfaces 1158:1165 vascular cell surfaces 1144:1165 vascular cell surfaces 1144:1165 Lack of TSP-4 in medial soleus, red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism, is associated with decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications, decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan, decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans, and decreased uptake of VLDL. 24589453 2 33 theme TSP 272:274 arg1 members 283:289 the 5 TSP family members 266:289 the 5 TSP family members 266:289 TSP-4, one of the 5 TSP family members, is expressed abundantly in tendon and muscle. 24589453 4 34 from over-expression 572:586 arg1 mice 671:674 the deficient mice 657:674 the deficient mice 657:674 In Thbs4(-/-) mice, tendon collagen fibrils are significantly larger than in wild-type mice, and there is no compensatory over-expression of TSP-3 and TSP-5, the two TSPs most highly homologous to TSP-4, in the deficient mice. 24589453 4 35 theme compensatory 559:570 arg1 over-expression 572:586 no compensatory over-expression 556:586 no compensatory over-expression of TSP-3 and TSP-5, the two TSPs most highly homologous to TSP-4, in the deficient mice 556:674 In Thbs4(-/-) mice, tendon collagen fibrils are significantly larger than in wild-type mice, and there is no compensatory over-expression of TSP-3 and TSP-5, the two TSPs most highly homologous to TSP-4, in the deficient mice. 24589453 0 36 theme organization 11:22 arg1 Control 0:6 Control 0:6 Control of organization and function of muscle and tendon by thrombospondin-4. 0:77 Control of organization and function of muscle and tendon by thrombospondin-4. 24589453 6 37 theme medial 864:869 arg1 muscle 892:897 red skeletal muscle 879:897 red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism 879:935 Lack of TSP-4 in medial soleus, red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism, is associated with decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications, decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan, decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans, and decreased uptake of VLDL. 24589453 6 37 theme medial 864:869 arg1 soleus 871:876 medial soleus 864:876 medial soleus 864:876 Lack of TSP-4 in medial soleus, red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism, is associated with decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications, decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan, decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans, and decreased uptake of VLDL. 24589453 6 38 theme glycosaminoglycan 994:1010 arg1 modifications 1012:1024 several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications 977:1024 several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications 977:1024 Lack of TSP-4 in medial soleus, red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism, is associated with decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications, decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan, decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans, and decreased uptake of VLDL. 24589453 7 39 theme -/- 1318:1320 arg1 mice 1323:1326 Thbs4(-/-) mice 1312:1326 Thbs4(-/-) mice 1312:1326 The soleus muscle is smaller and hind- and fore-limb grip strength is reduced in Thbs4(-/-) mice compared to wild-type mice. 24589453 5 40 theme TSP-4 737:741 arg1 protein 743:749 TSP-4 protein 737:749 TSP-4 protein 737:749 TSP-4 is expressed in skeletal muscle, and higher levels of TSP-4 protein are associated with the microvasculature of red skeletal muscle with high oxidative metabolism. 24589453 5 41 theme high 820:823 arg1 metabolism 835:844 high oxidative metabolism 820:844 high oxidative metabolism 820:844 TSP-4 is expressed in skeletal muscle, and higher levels of TSP-4 protein are associated with the microvasculature of red skeletal muscle with high oxidative metabolism. 24589453 7 42 theme Thbs4 1312:1316 arg1 mice 1323:1326 Thbs4(-/-) mice 1312:1326 Thbs4(-/-) mice 1312:1326 The soleus muscle is smaller and hind- and fore-limb grip strength is reduced in Thbs4(-/-) mice compared to wild-type mice. 24589453 5 43 theme protein 743:749 arg1 levels 727:732 higher levels 720:732 higher levels of TSP-4 protein 720:749 TSP-4 is expressed in skeletal muscle, and higher levels of TSP-4 protein are associated with the microvasculature of red skeletal muscle with high oxidative metabolism. 24589453 0 44 theme function 28:35 arg1 Control 0:6 Control 0:6 Control of organization and function of muscle and tendon by thrombospondin-4. 0:77 Control of organization and function of muscle and tendon by thrombospondin-4. 24589453 6 45 theme TSP-4 855:859 arg1 Lack 847:850 Lack 847:850 Lack of TSP-4 in medial soleus, red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism, 847:936 Lack of TSP-4 in medial soleus, red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism, is associated with decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications, decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan, decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans, and decreased uptake of VLDL. 24589453 3 46 theme TSP-4 369:373 arg1 deficiency 375:384 TSP-4 deficiency 369:384 TSP-4 deficiency 369:384 We have examined the effect of TSP-4 deficiency on tendon collagen and skeletal muscle morphology and function. 24589453 3 47 theme skeletal 409:416 arg1 muscle 418:423 skeletal muscle morphology and function 409:447 muscle 418:423 We have examined the effect of TSP-4 deficiency on tendon collagen and skeletal muscle morphology and function. 24589453 5 48 theme skeletal 699:706 arg1 muscle 708:713 skeletal muscle 699:713 skeletal muscle 699:713 TSP-4 is expressed in skeletal muscle, and higher levels of TSP-4 protein are associated with the microvasculature of red skeletal muscle with high oxidative metabolism. 24589453 8 49 theme tendon 1465:1470 arg1 deposition 1453:1462 its deposition 1449:1462 its deposition 1449:1462 These observations suggest that TSP-4 regulates the composition of the ECM at major sites of its deposition, tendon and muscle, and the absence of TSP-4 alters the organization, composition and physiological functions of these tissues. 24589453 8 49 theme tendon 1465:1470 arg1 muscle 1476:1481 muscle 1476:1481 muscle 1476:1481 These observations suggest that TSP-4 regulates the composition of the ECM at major sites of its deposition, tendon and muscle, and the absence of TSP-4 alters the organization, composition and physiological functions of these tissues. 24589453 8 49 theme tendon 1465:1470 arg1 tendon 1465:1470 tendon 1465:1470 tendon 1465:1470 These observations suggest that TSP-4 regulates the composition of the ECM at major sites of its deposition, tendon and muscle, and the absence of TSP-4 alters the organization, composition and physiological functions of these tissues. 24589453 8 49 theme tendon 1465:1470 arg1 sites 1440:1444 major sites 1434:1444 major sites of its deposition, tendon and muscle 1434:1481 These observations suggest that TSP-4 regulates the composition of the ECM at major sites of its deposition, tendon and muscle, and the absence of TSP-4 alters the organization, composition and physiological functions of these tissues. 24589453 6 50 from Lack 847:850 arg1 muscle 892:897 red skeletal muscle 879:897 red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism 879:935 Lack of TSP-4 in medial soleus, red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism, is associated with decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications, decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan, decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans, and decreased uptake of VLDL. 24589453 6 50 from Lack 847:850 arg1 soleus 871:876 medial soleus 864:876 medial soleus 864:876 Lack of TSP-4 in medial soleus, red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism, is associated with decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications, decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan, decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans, and decreased uptake of VLDL. 24589453 3 51 theme tendon 389:394 arg1 collagen 396:403 tendon collagen 389:403 tendon collagen 389:403 We have examined the effect of TSP-4 deficiency on tendon collagen and skeletal muscle morphology and function. 24589453 6 52 theme cell 1153:1156 arg1 surfaces 1158:1165 vascular cell surfaces 1144:1165 vascular cell surfaces 1144:1165 Lack of TSP-4 in medial soleus, red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism, is associated with decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications, decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan, decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans, and decreased uptake of VLDL. 24589453 4 53 theme homologous 633:642 arg1 TSPs 616:619 the two TSPs 608:619 the two TSPs most highly homologous to TSP-4 608:651 In Thbs4(-/-) mice, tendon collagen fibrils are significantly larger than in wild-type mice, and there is no compensatory over-expression of TSP-3 and TSP-5, the two TSPs most highly homologous to TSP-4, in the deficient mice. 24589453 4 53 theme homologous 633:642 arg1 TSP-3 591:595 TSP-3 591:595 TSP-3 591:595 In Thbs4(-/-) mice, tendon collagen fibrils are significantly larger than in wild-type mice, and there is no compensatory over-expression of TSP-3 and TSP-5, the two TSPs most highly homologous to TSP-4, in the deficient mice. 24589453 0 54 theme muscle 40:45 arg1 organization 11:22 organization 11:22 organization 11:22 Control of organization and function of muscle and tendon by thrombospondin-4. 24589453 0 54 theme muscle 40:45 arg1 function 28:35 function 28:35 function 28:35 Control of organization and function of muscle and tendon by thrombospondin-4. 24589453 4 55 theme collagen 477:484 arg1 fibrils 486:492 tendon collagen fibrils 470:492 tendon collagen fibrils 470:492 In Thbs4(-/-) mice, tendon collagen fibrils are significantly larger than in wild-type mice, and there is no compensatory over-expression of TSP-3 and TSP-5, the two TSPs most highly homologous to TSP-4, in the deficient mice. 24589453 5 56 with microvasculature 775:790 arg1 metabolism 835:844 high oxidative metabolism 820:844 high oxidative metabolism 820:844 TSP-4 is expressed in skeletal muscle, and higher levels of TSP-4 protein are associated with the microvasculature of red skeletal muscle with high oxidative metabolism. 24589453 8 57 theme deposition 1453:1462 arg1 deposition 1453:1462 its deposition 1449:1462 its deposition 1449:1462 These observations suggest that TSP-4 regulates the composition of the ECM at major sites of its deposition, tendon and muscle, and the absence of TSP-4 alters the organization, composition and physiological functions of these tissues. 24589453 8 57 theme deposition 1453:1462 arg1 muscle 1476:1481 muscle 1476:1481 muscle 1476:1481 These observations suggest that TSP-4 regulates the composition of the ECM at major sites of its deposition, tendon and muscle, and the absence of TSP-4 alters the organization, composition and physiological functions of these tissues. 24589453 8 57 theme deposition 1453:1462 arg1 tendon 1465:1470 tendon 1465:1470 tendon 1465:1470 These observations suggest that TSP-4 regulates the composition of the ECM at major sites of its deposition, tendon and muscle, and the absence of TSP-4 alters the organization, composition and physiological functions of these tissues. 24589453 8 57 theme deposition 1453:1462 arg1 sites 1440:1444 major sites 1434:1444 major sites of its deposition, tendon and muscle 1434:1481 These observations suggest that TSP-4 regulates the composition of the ECM at major sites of its deposition, tendon and muscle, and the absence of TSP-4 alters the organization, composition and physiological functions of these tissues. 24589453 6 58 theme beta-glycan 1067:1077 arg1 activity 1090:1097 decreased activity 1080:1097 decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans 1080:1198 Lack of TSP-4 in medial soleus, red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism, is associated with decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications, decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan, decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans, and decreased uptake of VLDL. 24589453 6 58 theme beta-glycan 1067:1077 arg1 uptake 1215:1220 decreased uptake 1205:1220 decreased uptake of VLDL 1205:1228 Lack of TSP-4 in medial soleus, red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism, is associated with decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications, decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan, decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans, and decreased uptake of VLDL. 24589453 6 58 theme beta-glycan 1067:1077 arg1 expression 1037:1046 decreased expression 1027:1046 decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan 1027:1077 Lack of TSP-4 in medial soleus, red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism, is associated with decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications, decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan, decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans, and decreased uptake of VLDL. 24589453 6 58 theme beta-glycan 1067:1077 arg1 levels 967:972 decreased levels 957:972 decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications 957:1024 Lack of TSP-4 in medial soleus, red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism, is associated with decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications, decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan, decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans, and decreased uptake of VLDL. 24589453 1 59 theme multifunctional 106:120 arg1 proteins 122:129 multifunctional proteins 106:129 multifunctional proteins that are deposited in the extracellular matrix where they directly affect the function of vascular and other cell types 106:249 Thrombospondins (TSPs) are multifunctional proteins that are deposited in the extracellular matrix where they directly affect the function of vascular and other cell types. 24589453 1 59 theme multifunctional 106:120 arg1 Thrombospondins 79:93 Thrombospondins 79:93 Thrombospondins (TSPs) 79:100 Thrombospondins (TSPs) are multifunctional proteins that are deposited in the extracellular matrix where they directly affect the function of vascular and other cell types. 24589453 4 60 theme tendon 470:475 arg1 fibrils 486:492 tendon collagen fibrils 470:492 tendon collagen fibrils 470:492 In Thbs4(-/-) mice, tendon collagen fibrils are significantly larger than in wild-type mice, and there is no compensatory over-expression of TSP-3 and TSP-5, the two TSPs most highly homologous to TSP-4, in the deficient mice. 24589453 8 61 theme TSP-4 1503:1507 arg1 absence 1492:1498 the absence 1488:1498 the absence of TSP-4 1488:1507 These observations suggest that TSP-4 regulates the composition of the ECM at major sites of its deposition, tendon and muscle, and the absence of TSP-4 alters the organization, composition and physiological functions of these tissues. 24589453 7 62 theme fore-limb 1274:1282 arg1 strength 1289:1296 fore-limb grip strength 1274:1296 fore-limb grip strength 1274:1296 The soleus muscle is smaller and hind- and fore-limb grip strength is reduced in Thbs4(-/-) mice compared to wild-type mice. 24589453 5 63 theme oxidative 825:833 arg1 metabolism 835:844 high oxidative metabolism 820:844 high oxidative metabolism 820:844 TSP-4 is expressed in skeletal muscle, and higher levels of TSP-4 protein are associated with the microvasculature of red skeletal muscle with high oxidative metabolism. 24589453 4 64 theme deficient 661:669 arg1 mice 671:674 the deficient mice 657:674 the deficient mice 657:674 In Thbs4(-/-) mice, tendon collagen fibrils are significantly larger than in wild-type mice, and there is no compensatory over-expression of TSP-3 and TSP-5, the two TSPs most highly homologous to TSP-4, in the deficient mice. 24589453 6 65 theme VLDL 1225:1228 arg1 activity 1090:1097 decreased activity 1080:1097 decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans 1080:1198 Lack of TSP-4 in medial soleus, red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism, is associated with decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications, decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan, decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans, and decreased uptake of VLDL. 24589453 6 65 theme VLDL 1225:1228 arg1 uptake 1215:1220 decreased uptake 1205:1220 decreased uptake of VLDL 1205:1228 Lack of TSP-4 in medial soleus, red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism, is associated with decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications, decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan, decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans, and decreased uptake of VLDL. 24589453 6 65 theme VLDL 1225:1228 arg1 expression 1037:1046 decreased expression 1027:1046 decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan 1027:1077 Lack of TSP-4 in medial soleus, red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism, is associated with decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications, decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan, decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans, and decreased uptake of VLDL. 24589453 6 65 theme VLDL 1225:1228 arg1 levels 967:972 decreased levels 957:972 decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications 957:1024 Lack of TSP-4 in medial soleus, red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism, is associated with decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications, decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan, decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans, and decreased uptake of VLDL. 24589453 7 66 theme grip 1284:1287 arg1 strength 1289:1296 fore-limb grip strength 1274:1296 fore-limb grip strength 1274:1296 The soleus muscle is smaller and hind- and fore-limb grip strength is reduced in Thbs4(-/-) mice compared to wild-type mice. 24589453 8 67 theme physiological 1550:1562 arg1 functions 1564:1572 physiological functions 1550:1572 physiological functions 1550:1572 These observations suggest that TSP-4 regulates the composition of the ECM at major sites of its deposition, tendon and muscle, and the absence of TSP-4 alters the organization, composition and physiological functions of these tissues. 24589453 1 68 theme vascular 221:228 arg1 types 245:249 vascular and other cell types 221:249 vascular and other cell types 221:249 Thrombospondins (TSPs) are multifunctional proteins that are deposited in the extracellular matrix where they directly affect the function of vascular and other cell types. 24589453 3 69 dep muscle 418:423 arg1 morphology 425:434 morphology 425:434 morphology 425:434 We have examined the effect of TSP-4 deficiency on tendon collagen and skeletal muscle morphology and function. 24589453 6 70 theme decreased 957:965 arg1 levels 967:972 decreased levels 957:972 decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications 957:1024 Lack of TSP-4 in medial soleus, red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism, is associated with decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications, decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan, decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans, and decreased uptake of VLDL. 24589453 6 71 theme decreased 1027:1035 arg1 expression 1037:1046 decreased expression 1027:1046 decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan 1027:1077 Lack of TSP-4 in medial soleus, red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism, is associated with decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications, decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan, decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans, and decreased uptake of VLDL. 24589453 6 72 theme several 977:983 arg1 modifications 1012:1024 several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications 977:1024 several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications 977:1024 Lack of TSP-4 in medial soleus, red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism, is associated with decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications, decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan, decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans, and decreased uptake of VLDL. 24589453 6 73 theme oxidative 916:924 arg1 metabolism 926:935 predominant oxidative metabolism 904:935 predominant oxidative metabolism 904:935 Lack of TSP-4 in medial soleus, red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism, is associated with decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications, decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan, decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans, and decreased uptake of VLDL. 24589453 0 74 theme tendon 51:56 arg1 organization 11:22 organization 11:22 organization 11:22 Control of organization and function of muscle and tendon by thrombospondin-4. 24589453 0 74 theme tendon 51:56 arg1 function 28:35 function 28:35 function 28:35 Control of organization and function of muscle and tendon by thrombospondin-4. 24589453 8 75 dep organization 1520:1531 arg1 the 1516:1518 the 1516:1518 the 1516:1518 These observations suggest that TSP-4 regulates the composition of the ECM at major sites of its deposition, tendon and muscle, and the absence of TSP-4 alters the organization, composition and physiological functions of these tissues. 24589453 6 76 theme predominant 904:914 arg1 metabolism 926:935 predominant oxidative metabolism 904:935 predominant oxidative metabolism 904:935 Lack of TSP-4 in medial soleus, red skeletal muscle with predominant oxidative metabolism, is associated with decreased levels of several specific glycosaminoglycan modifications, decreased expression of a TGFβ receptor beta-glycan, decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase, which associates with vascular cell surfaces by binding to glycosaminoglycans, and decreased uptake of VLDL. 24589453 5 77 theme red 795:797 arg1 muscle 808:813 red skeletal muscle 795:813 red skeletal muscle 795:813 TSP-4 is expressed in skeletal muscle, and higher levels of TSP-4 protein are associated with the microvasculature of red skeletal muscle with high oxidative metabolism. 24589453 1 78 theme other 234:238 arg1 types 245:249 vascular and other cell types 221:249 vascular and other cell types 221:249 Thrombospondins (TSPs) are multifunctional proteins that are deposited in the extracellular matrix where they directly affect the function of vascular and other cell types. 25442606 4 0 theme xylanase 471:478 arg1 use 464:466 the use 460:466 the use of xylanase and multicatalytic preparation Celluclast and apple pomace 460:537 Substrates were pectins isolated from apple pomace by the use of xylanase and multicatalytic preparation Celluclast and apple pomace. 25442606 8 1 theme concentrated 981:992 arg1 acid 994:997 concentrated acid 981:997 concentrated acid were rhamnose, mannose and arabinose 981:1034 The efficient hydrolysis of neutral sugars in pectins was performed with 2M TFA at 100 °C for 2.5h. Monomers most susceptible to concentrated acid were rhamnose, mannose and arabinose. 25442606 8 2 theme 2M 925:926 arg1 TFA 928:930 2M TFA 925:930 2M TFA 925:930 The efficient hydrolysis of neutral sugars in pectins was performed with 2M TFA at 100 °C for 2.5h. Monomers most susceptible to concentrated acid were rhamnose, mannose and arabinose. 25442606 1 3 theme conventional 150:161 arg1 methods 163:169 conventional methods 150:169 conventional methods 150:169 Enzymatically extracted pectins have a more complex structure than those obtained by conventional methods. 25442606 4 4 theme preparation 499:509 arg1 Celluclast 511:520 multicatalytic preparation Celluclast 484:520 multicatalytic preparation Celluclast 484:520 Substrates were pectins isolated from apple pomace by the use of xylanase and multicatalytic preparation Celluclast and apple pomace. 25442606 0 5 from pomace 57:62 arg1 pectins 38:44 pectins 38:44 pectins from apple pomace 38:62 Development of complete hydrolysis of pectins from apple pomace. 25442606 0 5 from pomace 57:62 arg1 hydrolysis 24:33 complete hydrolysis 15:33 complete hydrolysis of pectins from apple pomace 15:62 Development of complete hydrolysis of pectins from apple pomace. 25442606 4 6 theme multicatalytic 484:497 arg1 Celluclast 511:520 multicatalytic preparation Celluclast 484:520 multicatalytic preparation Celluclast 484:520 Substrates were pectins isolated from apple pomace by the use of xylanase and multicatalytic preparation Celluclast and apple pomace. 25442606 5 7 theme 2M 591:592 arg1 TFA 594:596 2M TFA 591:596 2M TFA 591:596 Hydrolysis was performed by a chemical method with 2M TFA at 100 °C and 120 °C and a combined acidic/enzymatic method. 25442606 2 8 theme composition 273:283 arg1 determination 250:262 the precise determination 238:262 the precise determination of their composition 238:283 As a result, they are less susceptible to hydrolysis, which makes the precise determination of their composition difficult. 25442606 5 9 theme combined 625:632 arg1 method 651:656 a combined acidic/enzymatic method 623:656 a combined acidic/enzymatic method 623:656 Hydrolysis was performed by a chemical method with 2M TFA at 100 °C and 120 °C and a combined acidic/enzymatic method. 25442606 7 10 from °C 848:849 arg1 incubation 818:827 2.5h incubation 813:827 2.5h incubation with 2M TFA at 120 °C 813:849 Complete hydrolysis of polygalacturonic acid occurred after 2.5h incubation with 2M TFA at 120 °C. 25442606 7 11 theme acid 793:796 arg1 hydrolysis 762:771 Complete hydrolysis 753:771 Complete hydrolysis of polygalacturonic acid 753:796 Complete hydrolysis of polygalacturonic acid occurred after 2.5h incubation with 2M TFA at 120 °C. 25442606 4 12 attach isolated 430:437 arg2 pectins 422:428 pectins 422:428 pectins isolated from apple pomace by the use of xylanase and multicatalytic preparation Celluclast and apple pomace 422:537 Substrates were pectins isolated from apple pomace by the use of xylanase and multicatalytic preparation Celluclast and apple pomace. 25442606 4 12 attach isolated 430:437 arg1 pomace 450:455 apple pomace 444:455 apple pomace 444:455 Substrates were pectins isolated from apple pomace by the use of xylanase and multicatalytic preparation Celluclast and apple pomace. 25442606 0 13 theme pectins 38:44 arg1 hydrolysis 24:33 complete hydrolysis 15:33 complete hydrolysis of pectins from apple pomace 15:62 Development of complete hydrolysis of pectins from apple pomace. 25442606 7 14 with incubation 818:827 arg1 TFA 837:839 2M TFA 834:839 2M TFA 834:839 Complete hydrolysis of polygalacturonic acid occurred after 2.5h incubation with 2M TFA at 120 °C. 25442606 1 15 theme extracted 79:87 arg1 pectins 89:95 Enzymatically extracted pectins 65:95 Enzymatically extracted pectins 65:95 Enzymatically extracted pectins have a more complex structure than those obtained by conventional methods. 25442606 5 16 from °C 616:617 arg1 method 579:584 a chemical method 568:584 a chemical method with 2M TFA at 100 °C and 120 °C 568:617 Hydrolysis was performed by a chemical method with 2M TFA at 100 °C and 120 °C and a combined acidic/enzymatic method. 25442606 5 16 from °C 616:617 arg1 method 651:656 a combined acidic/enzymatic method 623:656 a combined acidic/enzymatic method 623:656 Hydrolysis was performed by a chemical method with 2M TFA at 100 °C and 120 °C and a combined acidic/enzymatic method. 25442606 3 17 theme hydrolysis 353:362 arg1 method 334:339 a method 332:339 a method of complete hydrolysis of enzymatically extracted apple pectins 332:403 The aim of the study was to develop a method of complete hydrolysis of enzymatically extracted apple pectins. 25442606 8 18 theme susceptible 966:976 arg1 Monomers 952:959 2.5h. Monomers 946:959 2.5h. Monomers most susceptible to concentrated acid were rhamnose, mannose and arabinose 946:1034 The efficient hydrolysis of neutral sugars in pectins was performed with 2M TFA at 100 °C for 2.5h. Monomers most susceptible to concentrated acid were rhamnose, mannose and arabinose. 25442606 8 19 theme 2.5h. 946:950 arg1 Monomers 952:959 2.5h. Monomers 946:959 2.5h. Monomers most susceptible to concentrated acid were rhamnose, mannose and arabinose 946:1034 The efficient hydrolysis of neutral sugars in pectins was performed with 2M TFA at 100 °C for 2.5h. Monomers most susceptible to concentrated acid were rhamnose, mannose and arabinose. 25442606 7 20 theme 2M 834:835 arg1 TFA 837:839 2M TFA 834:839 2M TFA 834:839 Complete hydrolysis of polygalacturonic acid occurred after 2.5h incubation with 2M TFA at 120 °C. 25442606 7 21 theme polygalacturonic 776:791 arg1 acid 793:796 polygalacturonic acid 776:796 polygalacturonic acid 776:796 Complete hydrolysis of polygalacturonic acid occurred after 2.5h incubation with 2M TFA at 120 °C. 25442606 5 22 theme chemical 570:577 arg1 method 579:584 a chemical method 568:584 a chemical method with 2M TFA at 100 °C and 120 °C 568:617 Hydrolysis was performed by a chemical method with 2M TFA at 100 °C and 120 °C and a combined acidic/enzymatic method. 25442606 7 23 theme 2.5h 813:816 arg1 incubation 818:827 2.5h incubation 813:827 2.5h incubation with 2M TFA at 120 °C 813:849 Complete hydrolysis of polygalacturonic acid occurred after 2.5h incubation with 2M TFA at 120 °C. 25442606 5 24 with method 651:656 arg1 TFA 594:596 2M TFA 591:596 2M TFA 591:596 Hydrolysis was performed by a chemical method with 2M TFA at 100 °C and 120 °C and a combined acidic/enzymatic method. 25442606 0 25 theme hydrolysis 24:33 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development of complete hydrolysis of pectins from apple pomace. 0:63 Development of complete hydrolysis of pectins from apple pomace. 25442606 5 26 with method 579:584 arg1 TFA 594:596 2M TFA 591:596 2M TFA 591:596 Hydrolysis was performed by a chemical method with 2M TFA at 100 °C and 120 °C and a combined acidic/enzymatic method. 25442606 8 27 theme efficient 856:864 arg1 hydrolysis 866:875 The efficient hydrolysis 852:875 The efficient hydrolysis of neutral sugars in pectins 852:904 The efficient hydrolysis of neutral sugars in pectins was performed with 2M TFA at 100 °C for 2.5h. Monomers most susceptible to concentrated acid were rhamnose, mannose and arabinose. 25442606 3 28 theme complete 344:351 arg1 hydrolysis 353:362 complete hydrolysis 344:362 complete hydrolysis of enzymatically extracted apple pectins 344:403 The aim of the study was to develop a method of complete hydrolysis of enzymatically extracted apple pectins. 25442606 8 29 theme neutral 880:886 arg1 sugars 888:893 neutral sugars 880:893 neutral sugars 880:893 The efficient hydrolysis of neutral sugars in pectins was performed with 2M TFA at 100 °C for 2.5h. Monomers most susceptible to concentrated acid were rhamnose, mannose and arabinose. 25442606 3 30 theme apple 391:395 arg1 pectins 397:403 enzymatically extracted apple pectins 367:403 enzymatically extracted apple pectins 367:403 The aim of the study was to develop a method of complete hydrolysis of enzymatically extracted apple pectins. 25442606 5 31 from °C 605:606 arg1 method 579:584 a chemical method 568:584 a chemical method with 2M TFA at 100 °C and 120 °C 568:617 Hydrolysis was performed by a chemical method with 2M TFA at 100 °C and 120 °C and a combined acidic/enzymatic method. 25442606 5 31 from °C 605:606 arg1 method 651:656 a combined acidic/enzymatic method 623:656 a combined acidic/enzymatic method 623:656 Hydrolysis was performed by a chemical method with 2M TFA at 100 °C and 120 °C and a combined acidic/enzymatic method. 25442606 3 32 theme pectins 397:403 arg1 hydrolysis 353:362 complete hydrolysis 344:362 complete hydrolysis of enzymatically extracted apple pectins 344:403 The aim of the study was to develop a method of complete hydrolysis of enzymatically extracted apple pectins. 25442606 0 33 theme apple 51:55 arg1 pomace 57:62 apple pomace 51:62 apple pomace 51:62 Development of complete hydrolysis of pectins from apple pomace. 25442606 4 34 theme Celluclast 511:520 arg1 use 464:466 the use 460:466 the use of xylanase and multicatalytic preparation Celluclast and apple pomace 460:537 Substrates were pectins isolated from apple pomace by the use of xylanase and multicatalytic preparation Celluclast and apple pomace. 25442606 5 35 theme acidic/enzymatic 634:649 arg1 method 651:656 a combined acidic/enzymatic method 623:656 a combined acidic/enzymatic method 623:656 Hydrolysis was performed by a chemical method with 2M TFA at 100 °C and 120 °C and a combined acidic/enzymatic method. 25442606 4 36 theme apple 444:448 arg1 pomace 450:455 apple pomace 444:455 apple pomace 444:455 Substrates were pectins isolated from apple pomace by the use of xylanase and multicatalytic preparation Celluclast and apple pomace. 25442606 8 37 theme sugars 888:893 arg1 hydrolysis 866:875 The efficient hydrolysis 852:875 The efficient hydrolysis of neutral sugars in pectins 852:904 The efficient hydrolysis of neutral sugars in pectins was performed with 2M TFA at 100 °C for 2.5h. Monomers most susceptible to concentrated acid were rhamnose, mannose and arabinose. 25442606 1 38 theme complex 109:115 arg1 structure 117:125 a more complex structure 102:125 a more complex structure 102:125 Enzymatically extracted pectins have a more complex structure than those obtained by conventional methods. 25442606 3 39 theme extracted 381:389 arg1 pectins 397:403 enzymatically extracted apple pectins 367:403 enzymatically extracted apple pectins 367:403 The aim of the study was to develop a method of complete hydrolysis of enzymatically extracted apple pectins. 25442606 1 40 contain have 97:100 arg2 structure 117:125 a more complex structure 102:125 a more complex structure 102:125 Enzymatically extracted pectins have a more complex structure than those obtained by conventional methods. 25442606 1 40 contain have 97:100 arg1 pectins 89:95 Enzymatically extracted pectins 65:95 Enzymatically extracted pectins 65:95 Enzymatically extracted pectins have a more complex structure than those obtained by conventional methods. 25442606 6 41 theme sugars 723:728 arg1 contents 681:688 the contents 677:688 the contents of galacturonic acid and neutral sugars 677:728 After hydrolysis, the contents of galacturonic acid and neutral sugars were measured by HPLC. 25442606 4 42 theme apple 526:530 arg1 pomace 532:537 apple pomace 526:537 apple pomace 526:537 Substrates were pectins isolated from apple pomace by the use of xylanase and multicatalytic preparation Celluclast and apple pomace. 25442606 2 43 theme precise 242:248 arg1 determination 250:262 the precise determination 238:262 the precise determination of their composition 238:283 As a result, they are less susceptible to hydrolysis, which makes the precise determination of their composition difficult. 25442606 6 44 theme neutral 715:721 arg1 sugars 723:728 neutral sugars 715:728 neutral sugars 715:728 After hydrolysis, the contents of galacturonic acid and neutral sugars were measured by HPLC. 25442606 3 45 theme study 311:315 arg1 aim 300:302 The aim 296:302 The aim of the study 296:315 The aim of the study was to develop a method of complete hydrolysis of enzymatically extracted apple pectins. 25442606 8 46 from hydrolysis 866:875 arg1 pectins 898:904 pectins 898:904 pectins 898:904 The efficient hydrolysis of neutral sugars in pectins was performed with 2M TFA at 100 °C for 2.5h. Monomers most susceptible to concentrated acid were rhamnose, mannose and arabinose. 25442606 6 47 theme acid 706:709 arg1 contents 681:688 the contents 677:688 the contents of galacturonic acid and neutral sugars 677:728 After hydrolysis, the contents of galacturonic acid and neutral sugars were measured by HPLC. 25442606 0 48 from hydrolysis 24:33 arg1 pomace 57:62 apple pomace 51:62 apple pomace 51:62 Development of complete hydrolysis of pectins from apple pomace. 25442606 0 49 theme complete 15:22 arg1 hydrolysis 24:33 complete hydrolysis 15:33 complete hydrolysis of pectins from apple pomace 15:62 Development of complete hydrolysis of pectins from apple pomace. 25442606 6 50 theme galacturonic 693:704 arg1 acid 706:709 galacturonic acid 693:709 galacturonic acid 693:709 After hydrolysis, the contents of galacturonic acid and neutral sugars were measured by HPLC. 25442606 7 51 theme Complete 753:760 arg1 hydrolysis 762:771 Complete hydrolysis 753:771 Complete hydrolysis of polygalacturonic acid 753:796 Complete hydrolysis of polygalacturonic acid occurred after 2.5h incubation with 2M TFA at 120 °C. 28475843 4 0 from component 653:661 arg1 Earth 666:670 Earth 666:670 Earth 666:670 We have therefore combined small amounts of functionalized recombinant spider silk proteins with the most abundant structural component on Earth (cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs)) to fabricate isotropic as well as anisotropic hierarchical structures. 28475843 5 1 from stiffness 922:930 arg1 break 956:960 break 956:960 break 956:960 Our approach for the fabrication of bio-based anisotropic fibers results in previously unreached but highly desirable mechanical performance with a stiffness of ∼55 GPa, strength at break of ∼1015 MPa, and toughness of ∼55 MJ m-3. 28475843 1 2 theme desired 164:170 arg1 properties 172:181 desired properties 164:181 desired properties 164:181 Nature's design of functional materials relies on smart combinations of simple components to achieve desired properties. 28475843 5 3 theme bio-based 810:818 arg1 fibers 832:837 bio-based anisotropic fibers 810:837 bio-based anisotropic fibers 810:837 Our approach for the fabrication of bio-based anisotropic fibers results in previously unreached but highly desirable mechanical performance with a stiffness of ∼55 GPa, strength at break of ∼1015 MPa, and toughness of ∼55 MJ m-3. 28475843 4 4 dep amounts 560:566 arg1 nanofibrils 683:693 cellulose nanofibrils 673:693 cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) 673:700 We have therefore combined small amounts of functionalized recombinant spider silk proteins with the most abundant structural component on Earth (cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs)) to fabricate isotropic as well as anisotropic hierarchical structures. 28475843 4 4 dep amounts 560:566 arg1 CNFs 696:699 CNFs 696:699 CNFs 696:699 We have therefore combined small amounts of functionalized recombinant spider silk proteins with the most abundant structural component on Earth (cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs)) to fabricate isotropic as well as anisotropic hierarchical structures. 28475843 7 5 theme design 1275:1280 arg1 composites 1282:1291 design composites 1275:1291 design composites with high strength and functionalities 1275:1330 These findings suggest that bio-based materials provide abundant opportunities to design composites with high strength and functionalities and bring down our dependence on fossil-based resources. 28475843 7 6 theme fossil-based 1365:1376 arg1 resources 1378:1386 fossil-based resources 1365:1386 fossil-based resources 1365:1386 These findings suggest that bio-based materials provide abundant opportunities to design composites with high strength and functionalities and bring down our dependence on fossil-based resources. 28475843 7 7 with composites 1282:1291 arg1 strength 1303:1310 high strength 1298:1310 high strength 1298:1310 These findings suggest that bio-based materials provide abundant opportunities to design composites with high strength and functionalities and bring down our dependence on fossil-based resources. 28475843 7 7 with composites 1282:1291 arg1 functionalities 1316:1330 functionalities 1316:1330 functionalities 1316:1330 These findings suggest that bio-based materials provide abundant opportunities to design composites with high strength and functionalities and bring down our dependence on fossil-based resources. 28475843 4 8 with proteins 610:617 arg1 component 653:661 the most abundant structural component 624:661 the most abundant structural component on Earth 624:670 We have therefore combined small amounts of functionalized recombinant spider silk proteins with the most abundant structural component on Earth (cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs)) to fabricate isotropic as well as anisotropic hierarchical structures. 28475843 4 9 theme abundant 633:640 arg1 component 653:661 the most abundant structural component 624:661 the most abundant structural component on Earth 624:670 We have therefore combined small amounts of functionalized recombinant spider silk proteins with the most abundant structural component on Earth (cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs)) to fabricate isotropic as well as anisotropic hierarchical structures. 28475843 3 10 theme silk 394:397 arg1 proteins 399:406 silk proteins 394:406 silk proteins 394:406 Unfortunately, silk proteins cannot be obtained in large quantities from spiders, and recombinant production processes are so far rather expensive. 28475843 5 11 theme MJ 997:998 arg1 m-3 1000:1002 ∼55 MJ m-3 993:1002 ∼55 MJ m-3 993:1002 Our approach for the fabrication of bio-based anisotropic fibers results in previously unreached but highly desirable mechanical performance with a stiffness of ∼55 GPa, strength at break of ∼1015 MPa, and toughness of ∼55 MJ m-3. 28475843 5 12 theme strength 944:951 arg1 stiffness 922:930 a stiffness 920:930 a stiffness of ∼55 GPa, strength at break of ∼1015 MPa, and toughness of ∼55 MJ m-3 920:1002 Our approach for the fabrication of bio-based anisotropic fibers results in previously unreached but highly desirable mechanical performance with a stiffness of ∼55 GPa, strength at break of ∼1015 MPa, and toughness of ∼55 MJ m-3. 28475843 4 13 theme hierarchical 749:760 arg1 structures 762:771 isotropic as well as anisotropic hierarchical structures 716:771 isotropic as well as anisotropic hierarchical structures 716:771 We have therefore combined small amounts of functionalized recombinant spider silk proteins with the most abundant structural component on Earth (cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs)) to fabricate isotropic as well as anisotropic hierarchical structures. 28475843 6 14 with materials 1091:1099 arg1 biofunctionalities 1115:1132 advanced biofunctionalities 1106:1132 advanced biofunctionalities 1106:1132 We also show that addition of small amounts of silk fusion proteins to CNF results in materials with advanced biofunctionalities, which cannot be anticipated for the wood-based CNF alone. 28475843 5 15 theme mechanical 892:901 arg1 performance 903:913 previously unreached but highly desirable mechanical performance 850:913 previously unreached but highly desirable mechanical performance with a stiffness of ∼55 GPa, strength at break of ∼1015 MPa, and toughness of ∼55 MJ m-3 850:1002 Our approach for the fabrication of bio-based anisotropic fibers results in previously unreached but highly desirable mechanical performance with a stiffness of ∼55 GPa, strength at break of ∼1015 MPa, and toughness of ∼55 MJ m-3. 28475843 5 16 theme m-3 1000:1002 arg1 strength 944:951 strength 944:951 strength at break of ∼1015 MPa 944:973 Our approach for the fabrication of bio-based anisotropic fibers results in previously unreached but highly desirable mechanical performance with a stiffness of ∼55 GPa, strength at break of ∼1015 MPa, and toughness of ∼55 MJ m-3. 28475843 5 16 theme m-3 1000:1002 arg1 toughness 980:988 toughness 980:988 toughness 980:988 Our approach for the fabrication of bio-based anisotropic fibers results in previously unreached but highly desirable mechanical performance with a stiffness of ∼55 GPa, strength at break of ∼1015 MPa, and toughness of ∼55 MJ m-3. 28475843 5 16 theme m-3 1000:1002 arg1 GPa 939:941 ∼55 GPa 935:941 ∼55 GPa 935:941 Our approach for the fabrication of bio-based anisotropic fibers results in previously unreached but highly desirable mechanical performance with a stiffness of ∼55 GPa, strength at break of ∼1015 MPa, and toughness of ∼55 MJ m-3. 28475843 6 17 theme fusion 1057:1062 arg1 proteins 1064:1071 silk fusion proteins 1052:1071 silk fusion proteins 1052:1071 We also show that addition of small amounts of silk fusion proteins to CNF results in materials with advanced biofunctionalities, which cannot be anticipated for the wood-based CNF alone. 28475843 1 18 theme functional 82:91 arg1 materials 93:101 functional materials 82:101 functional materials 82:101 Nature's design of functional materials relies on smart combinations of simple components to achieve desired properties. 28475843 3 19 theme recombinant 465:475 arg1 processes 488:496 recombinant production processes 465:496 recombinant production processes 465:496 Unfortunately, silk proteins cannot be obtained in large quantities from spiders, and recombinant production processes are so far rather expensive. 28475843 6 20 theme wood-based 1171:1180 arg1 CNF 1182:1184 the wood-based CNF 1167:1184 the wood-based CNF alone 1167:1190 We also show that addition of small amounts of silk fusion proteins to CNF results in materials with advanced biofunctionalities, which cannot be anticipated for the wood-based CNF alone. 28475843 6 21 theme proteins 1064:1071 arg1 proteins 1064:1071 silk fusion proteins 1052:1071 silk fusion proteins 1052:1071 We also show that addition of small amounts of silk fusion proteins to CNF results in materials with advanced biofunctionalities, which cannot be anticipated for the wood-based CNF alone. 28475843 6 21 theme proteins 1064:1071 arg1 amounts 1041:1047 small amounts 1035:1047 small amounts of silk fusion proteins 1035:1071 We also show that addition of small amounts of silk fusion proteins to CNF results in materials with advanced biofunctionalities, which cannot be anticipated for the wood-based CNF alone. 28475843 1 22 theme materials 93:101 arg1 design 72:77 Nature's design 63:77 Nature's design of functional materials 63:101 Nature's design of functional materials relies on smart combinations of simple components to achieve desired properties. 28475843 2 23 from silk 246:249 arg1 cellulose 193:201 cellulose 193:201 cellulose 193:201 Silk and cellulose are two clever examples from nature-spider silk being tough due to high extensibility, whereas cellulose possesses unparalleled strength and stiffness among natural materials. 28475843 2 23 from silk 246:249 arg1 Silk 184:187 Silk 184:187 Silk 184:187 Silk and cellulose are two clever examples from nature-spider silk being tough due to high extensibility, whereas cellulose possesses unparalleled strength and stiffness among natural materials. 28475843 2 23 from silk 246:249 arg1 examples 218:225 two clever examples 207:225 two clever examples from nature-spider silk being tough due to high extensibility 207:287 Silk and cellulose are two clever examples from nature-spider silk being tough due to high extensibility, whereas cellulose possesses unparalleled strength and stiffness among natural materials. 28475843 5 24 theme unreached 861:869 arg1 performance 903:913 previously unreached but highly desirable mechanical performance 850:913 previously unreached but highly desirable mechanical performance with a stiffness of ∼55 GPa, strength at break of ∼1015 MPa, and toughness of ∼55 MJ m-3 850:1002 Our approach for the fabrication of bio-based anisotropic fibers results in previously unreached but highly desirable mechanical performance with a stiffness of ∼55 GPa, strength at break of ∼1015 MPa, and toughness of ∼55 MJ m-3. 28475843 4 25 theme spider 598:603 arg1 proteins 610:617 functionalized recombinant spider silk proteins 571:617 functionalized recombinant spider silk proteins with the most abundant structural component on Earth 571:670 We have therefore combined small amounts of functionalized recombinant spider silk proteins with the most abundant structural component on Earth (cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs)) to fabricate isotropic as well as anisotropic hierarchical structures. 28475843 5 26 from break 956:960 arg1 strength 944:951 strength 944:951 strength at break of ∼1015 MPa 944:973 Our approach for the fabrication of bio-based anisotropic fibers results in previously unreached but highly desirable mechanical performance with a stiffness of ∼55 GPa, strength at break of ∼1015 MPa, and toughness of ∼55 MJ m-3. 28475843 5 26 from break 956:960 arg1 stiffness 922:930 a stiffness 920:930 a stiffness of ∼55 GPa, strength at break of ∼1015 MPa, and toughness of ∼55 MJ m-3 920:1002 Our approach for the fabrication of bio-based anisotropic fibers results in previously unreached but highly desirable mechanical performance with a stiffness of ∼55 GPa, strength at break of ∼1015 MPa, and toughness of ∼55 MJ m-3. 28475843 5 26 from break 956:960 arg1 GPa 939:941 ∼55 GPa 935:941 ∼55 GPa 935:941 Our approach for the fabrication of bio-based anisotropic fibers results in previously unreached but highly desirable mechanical performance with a stiffness of ∼55 GPa, strength at break of ∼1015 MPa, and toughness of ∼55 MJ m-3. 28475843 5 26 from break 956:960 arg1 toughness 980:988 toughness 980:988 toughness 980:988 Our approach for the fabrication of bio-based anisotropic fibers results in previously unreached but highly desirable mechanical performance with a stiffness of ∼55 GPa, strength at break of ∼1015 MPa, and toughness of ∼55 MJ m-3. 28475843 0 27 theme Nanostructured 26:39 arg1 Composites 51:60 Bioactive Nanostructured Bio-Based Composites 16:60 Bioactive Nanostructured Bio-Based Composites 16:60 Ultrastrong and Bioactive Nanostructured Bio-Based Composites. 28475843 4 28 theme recombinant 586:596 arg1 proteins 610:617 functionalized recombinant spider silk proteins 571:617 functionalized recombinant spider silk proteins with the most abundant structural component on Earth 571:670 We have therefore combined small amounts of functionalized recombinant spider silk proteins with the most abundant structural component on Earth (cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs)) to fabricate isotropic as well as anisotropic hierarchical structures. 28475843 5 29 with performance 903:913 arg1 stiffness 922:930 a stiffness 920:930 a stiffness of ∼55 GPa, strength at break of ∼1015 MPa, and toughness of ∼55 MJ m-3 920:1002 Our approach for the fabrication of bio-based anisotropic fibers results in previously unreached but highly desirable mechanical performance with a stiffness of ∼55 GPa, strength at break of ∼1015 MPa, and toughness of ∼55 MJ m-3. 28475843 5 30 theme MPa 971:973 arg1 strength 944:951 strength 944:951 strength at break of ∼1015 MPa 944:973 Our approach for the fabrication of bio-based anisotropic fibers results in previously unreached but highly desirable mechanical performance with a stiffness of ∼55 GPa, strength at break of ∼1015 MPa, and toughness of ∼55 MJ m-3. 28475843 5 30 theme MPa 971:973 arg1 toughness 980:988 toughness 980:988 toughness 980:988 Our approach for the fabrication of bio-based anisotropic fibers results in previously unreached but highly desirable mechanical performance with a stiffness of ∼55 GPa, strength at break of ∼1015 MPa, and toughness of ∼55 MJ m-3. 28475843 5 30 theme MPa 971:973 arg1 GPa 939:941 ∼55 GPa 935:941 ∼55 GPa 935:941 Our approach for the fabrication of bio-based anisotropic fibers results in previously unreached but highly desirable mechanical performance with a stiffness of ∼55 GPa, strength at break of ∼1015 MPa, and toughness of ∼55 MJ m-3. 28475843 2 31 theme unparalleled 318:329 arg1 strength 331:338 unparalleled strength 318:338 unparalleled strength 318:338 Silk and cellulose are two clever examples from nature-spider silk being tough due to high extensibility, whereas cellulose possesses unparalleled strength and stiffness among natural materials. 28475843 4 32 theme cellulose 673:681 arg1 nanofibrils 683:693 cellulose nanofibrils 673:693 cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) 673:700 We have therefore combined small amounts of functionalized recombinant spider silk proteins with the most abundant structural component on Earth (cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs)) to fabricate isotropic as well as anisotropic hierarchical structures. 28475843 4 32 theme cellulose 673:681 arg1 CNFs 696:699 CNFs 696:699 CNFs 696:699 We have therefore combined small amounts of functionalized recombinant spider silk proteins with the most abundant structural component on Earth (cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs)) to fabricate isotropic as well as anisotropic hierarchical structures. 28475843 0 33 theme Bioactive 16:24 arg1 Composites 51:60 Bioactive Nanostructured Bio-Based Composites 16:60 Bioactive Nanostructured Bio-Based Composites 16:60 Ultrastrong and Bioactive Nanostructured Bio-Based Composites. 28475843 4 34 theme proteins 610:617 arg1 amounts 560:566 small amounts 554:566 small amounts of functionalized recombinant spider silk proteins with the most abundant structural component on Earth (cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs)) 554:701 We have therefore combined small amounts of functionalized recombinant spider silk proteins with the most abundant structural component on Earth (cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs)) to fabricate isotropic as well as anisotropic hierarchical structures. 28475843 4 34 theme proteins 610:617 arg1 proteins 610:617 functionalized recombinant spider silk proteins 571:617 functionalized recombinant spider silk proteins with the most abundant structural component on Earth 571:670 We have therefore combined small amounts of functionalized recombinant spider silk proteins with the most abundant structural component on Earth (cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs)) to fabricate isotropic as well as anisotropic hierarchical structures. 28475843 7 35 from dependence 1351:1360 arg1 resources 1378:1386 fossil-based resources 1365:1386 fossil-based resources 1365:1386 These findings suggest that bio-based materials provide abundant opportunities to design composites with high strength and functionalities and bring down our dependence on fossil-based resources. 28475843 1 36 theme smart 113:117 arg1 combinations 119:130 smart combinations 113:130 smart combinations of simple components 113:151 Nature's design of functional materials relies on smart combinations of simple components to achieve desired properties. 28475843 5 37 theme GPa 939:941 arg1 stiffness 922:930 a stiffness 920:930 a stiffness of ∼55 GPa, strength at break of ∼1015 MPa, and toughness of ∼55 MJ m-3 920:1002 Our approach for the fabrication of bio-based anisotropic fibers results in previously unreached but highly desirable mechanical performance with a stiffness of ∼55 GPa, strength at break of ∼1015 MPa, and toughness of ∼55 MJ m-3. 28475843 5 38 theme anisotropic 820:830 arg1 fibers 832:837 bio-based anisotropic fibers 810:837 bio-based anisotropic fibers 810:837 Our approach for the fabrication of bio-based anisotropic fibers results in previously unreached but highly desirable mechanical performance with a stiffness of ∼55 GPa, strength at break of ∼1015 MPa, and toughness of ∼55 MJ m-3. 28475843 4 39 theme silk 605:608 arg1 proteins 610:617 functionalized recombinant spider silk proteins 571:617 functionalized recombinant spider silk proteins with the most abundant structural component on Earth 571:670 We have therefore combined small amounts of functionalized recombinant spider silk proteins with the most abundant structural component on Earth (cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs)) to fabricate isotropic as well as anisotropic hierarchical structures. 28475843 6 40 theme silk 1052:1055 arg1 proteins 1064:1071 silk fusion proteins 1052:1071 silk fusion proteins 1052:1071 We also show that addition of small amounts of silk fusion proteins to CNF results in materials with advanced biofunctionalities, which cannot be anticipated for the wood-based CNF alone. 28475843 3 41 theme production 477:486 arg1 processes 488:496 recombinant production processes 465:496 recombinant production processes 465:496 Unfortunately, silk proteins cannot be obtained in large quantities from spiders, and recombinant production processes are so far rather expensive. 28475843 0 42 theme Bio-Based 41:49 arg1 Composites 51:60 Bioactive Nanostructured Bio-Based Composites 16:60 Bioactive Nanostructured Bio-Based Composites 16:60 Ultrastrong and Bioactive Nanostructured Bio-Based Composites. 28475843 2 43 contain possesses 308:316 arg2 stiffness 344:352 stiffness 344:352 stiffness 344:352 Silk and cellulose are two clever examples from nature-spider silk being tough due to high extensibility, whereas cellulose possesses unparalleled strength and stiffness among natural materials. 28475843 2 43 contain possesses 308:316 arg1 cellulose 298:306 cellulose 298:306 cellulose 298:306 Silk and cellulose are two clever examples from nature-spider silk being tough due to high extensibility, whereas cellulose possesses unparalleled strength and stiffness among natural materials. 28475843 2 43 contain possesses 308:316 arg2 strength 331:338 unparalleled strength 318:338 unparalleled strength 318:338 Silk and cellulose are two clever examples from nature-spider silk being tough due to high extensibility, whereas cellulose possesses unparalleled strength and stiffness among natural materials. 28475843 5 44 theme fibers 832:837 arg1 fabrication 795:805 the fabrication 791:805 the fabrication of bio-based anisotropic fibers 791:837 Our approach for the fabrication of bio-based anisotropic fibers results in previously unreached but highly desirable mechanical performance with a stiffness of ∼55 GPa, strength at break of ∼1015 MPa, and toughness of ∼55 MJ m-3. 28475843 4 45 theme small 554:558 arg1 amounts 560:566 small amounts 554:566 small amounts of functionalized recombinant spider silk proteins with the most abundant structural component on Earth (cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs)) 554:701 We have therefore combined small amounts of functionalized recombinant spider silk proteins with the most abundant structural component on Earth (cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs)) to fabricate isotropic as well as anisotropic hierarchical structures. 28475843 4 45 theme small 554:558 arg1 proteins 610:617 functionalized recombinant spider silk proteins 571:617 functionalized recombinant spider silk proteins with the most abundant structural component on Earth 571:670 We have therefore combined small amounts of functionalized recombinant spider silk proteins with the most abundant structural component on Earth (cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs)) to fabricate isotropic as well as anisotropic hierarchical structures. 28475843 2 46 theme nature-spider 232:244 arg1 silk 246:249 nature-spider silk 232:249 nature-spider silk being tough due to high extensibility 232:287 Silk and cellulose are two clever examples from nature-spider silk being tough due to high extensibility, whereas cellulose possesses unparalleled strength and stiffness among natural materials. 28475843 4 47 theme anisotropic 737:747 arg1 structures 762:771 isotropic as well as anisotropic hierarchical structures 716:771 isotropic as well as anisotropic hierarchical structures 716:771 We have therefore combined small amounts of functionalized recombinant spider silk proteins with the most abundant structural component on Earth (cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs)) to fabricate isotropic as well as anisotropic hierarchical structures. 28475843 3 48 theme large 430:434 arg1 quantities 436:445 large quantities 430:445 large quantities from spiders 430:458 Unfortunately, silk proteins cannot be obtained in large quantities from spiders, and recombinant production processes are so far rather expensive. 28475843 4 49 theme functionalized 571:584 arg1 proteins 610:617 functionalized recombinant spider silk proteins 571:617 functionalized recombinant spider silk proteins with the most abundant structural component on Earth 571:670 We have therefore combined small amounts of functionalized recombinant spider silk proteins with the most abundant structural component on Earth (cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs)) to fabricate isotropic as well as anisotropic hierarchical structures. 28475843 2 50 theme natural 360:366 arg1 materials 368:376 natural materials 360:376 natural materials 360:376 Silk and cellulose are two clever examples from nature-spider silk being tough due to high extensibility, whereas cellulose possesses unparalleled strength and stiffness among natural materials. 28475843 2 51 theme clever 211:216 arg1 cellulose 193:201 cellulose 193:201 cellulose 193:201 Silk and cellulose are two clever examples from nature-spider silk being tough due to high extensibility, whereas cellulose possesses unparalleled strength and stiffness among natural materials. 28475843 2 51 theme clever 211:216 arg1 Silk 184:187 Silk 184:187 Silk 184:187 Silk and cellulose are two clever examples from nature-spider silk being tough due to high extensibility, whereas cellulose possesses unparalleled strength and stiffness among natural materials. 28475843 2 51 theme clever 211:216 arg1 examples 218:225 two clever examples 207:225 two clever examples from nature-spider silk being tough due to high extensibility 207:287 Silk and cellulose are two clever examples from nature-spider silk being tough due to high extensibility, whereas cellulose possesses unparalleled strength and stiffness among natural materials. 28475843 2 52 theme high 270:273 arg1 extensibility 275:287 high extensibility 270:287 high extensibility 270:287 Silk and cellulose are two clever examples from nature-spider silk being tough due to high extensibility, whereas cellulose possesses unparalleled strength and stiffness among natural materials. 28475843 6 53 theme small 1035:1039 arg1 proteins 1064:1071 silk fusion proteins 1052:1071 silk fusion proteins 1052:1071 We also show that addition of small amounts of silk fusion proteins to CNF results in materials with advanced biofunctionalities, which cannot be anticipated for the wood-based CNF alone. 28475843 6 53 theme small 1035:1039 arg1 amounts 1041:1047 small amounts 1035:1047 small amounts of silk fusion proteins 1035:1071 We also show that addition of small amounts of silk fusion proteins to CNF results in materials with advanced biofunctionalities, which cannot be anticipated for the wood-based CNF alone. 28475843 1 54 theme simple 135:140 arg1 components 142:151 simple components 135:151 simple components 135:151 Nature's design of functional materials relies on smart combinations of simple components to achieve desired properties. 28475843 5 55 theme toughness 980:988 arg1 stiffness 922:930 a stiffness 920:930 a stiffness of ∼55 GPa, strength at break of ∼1015 MPa, and toughness of ∼55 MJ m-3 920:1002 Our approach for the fabrication of bio-based anisotropic fibers results in previously unreached but highly desirable mechanical performance with a stiffness of ∼55 GPa, strength at break of ∼1015 MPa, and toughness of ∼55 MJ m-3. 28475843 6 56 theme amounts 1041:1047 arg1 addition 1023:1030 addition 1023:1030 addition of small amounts of silk fusion proteins to CNF 1023:1078 We also show that addition of small amounts of silk fusion proteins to CNF results in materials with advanced biofunctionalities, which cannot be anticipated for the wood-based CNF alone. 28475843 5 57 theme ∼55 993:995 arg1 MJ 997:998 MJ 997:998 MJ 997:998 Our approach for the fabrication of bio-based anisotropic fibers results in previously unreached but highly desirable mechanical performance with a stiffness of ∼55 GPa, strength at break of ∼1015 MPa, and toughness of ∼55 MJ m-3. 28475843 3 58 from spiders 452:458 arg1 quantities 436:445 large quantities 430:445 large quantities from spiders 430:458 Unfortunately, silk proteins cannot be obtained in large quantities from spiders, and recombinant production processes are so far rather expensive. 28475843 1 59 theme components 142:151 arg1 combinations 119:130 smart combinations 113:130 smart combinations of simple components 113:151 Nature's design of functional materials relies on smart combinations of simple components to achieve desired properties. 28475843 4 60 theme structural 642:651 arg1 component 653:661 the most abundant structural component 624:661 the most abundant structural component on Earth 624:670 We have therefore combined small amounts of functionalized recombinant spider silk proteins with the most abundant structural component on Earth (cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs)) to fabricate isotropic as well as anisotropic hierarchical structures. 28475843 7 61 theme abundant 1249:1256 arg1 opportunities 1258:1270 abundant opportunities 1249:1270 abundant opportunities to design composites with high strength and functionalities 1249:1330 These findings suggest that bio-based materials provide abundant opportunities to design composites with high strength and functionalities and bring down our dependence on fossil-based resources. 28475843 5 62 theme desirable 882:890 arg1 performance 903:913 previously unreached but highly desirable mechanical performance 850:913 previously unreached but highly desirable mechanical performance with a stiffness of ∼55 GPa, strength at break of ∼1015 MPa, and toughness of ∼55 MJ m-3 850:1002 Our approach for the fabrication of bio-based anisotropic fibers results in previously unreached but highly desirable mechanical performance with a stiffness of ∼55 GPa, strength at break of ∼1015 MPa, and toughness of ∼55 MJ m-3. 28475843 4 63 theme isotropic 716:724 arg1 structures 762:771 isotropic as well as anisotropic hierarchical structures 716:771 isotropic as well as anisotropic hierarchical structures 716:771 We have therefore combined small amounts of functionalized recombinant spider silk proteins with the most abundant structural component on Earth (cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs)) to fabricate isotropic as well as anisotropic hierarchical structures. 28475843 2 64 dep examples 218:225 arg1 whereas 290:296 whereas 290:296 whereas 290:296 Silk and cellulose are two clever examples from nature-spider silk being tough due to high extensibility, whereas cellulose possesses unparalleled strength and stiffness among natural materials. 28475843 7 65 theme high 1298:1301 arg1 strength 1303:1310 high strength 1298:1310 high strength 1298:1310 These findings suggest that bio-based materials provide abundant opportunities to design composites with high strength and functionalities and bring down our dependence on fossil-based resources. 28475843 6 66 theme advanced 1106:1113 arg1 biofunctionalities 1115:1132 advanced biofunctionalities 1106:1132 advanced biofunctionalities 1106:1132 We also show that addition of small amounts of silk fusion proteins to CNF results in materials with advanced biofunctionalities, which cannot be anticipated for the wood-based CNF alone. 28475843 7 67 theme bio-based 1221:1229 arg1 materials 1231:1239 bio-based materials 1221:1239 bio-based materials 1221:1239 These findings suggest that bio-based materials provide abundant opportunities to design composites with high strength and functionalities and bring down our dependence on fossil-based resources. 28242332 5 0 theme antibacterial 1158:1170 arg1 activity 1172:1179 higher antibacterial activity 1151:1179 higher antibacterial activity 1151:1179 The results demonstrated that CS-NS composite with crosslinked coated cotton fabric has higher antibacterial activity than without crosslinked cotton fabric. 28242332 3 1 theme High 751:754 arg1 groups 618:623 functional groups confirmation 607:636 functional groups confirmation 607:636 As synthesized composite materials and treated cotton fabrics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for functional groups confirmation, X-ray diffraction for crystalline behavior determination, UV-vis spectroscopy analysis for optical property and High resolution scanning electron microscopy for Surface morphological properties. 28242332 3 1 theme High 751:754 arg1 microscopy 785:794 High resolution scanning electron microscopy 751:794 High resolution scanning electron microscopy 751:794 As synthesized composite materials and treated cotton fabrics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for functional groups confirmation, X-ray diffraction for crystalline behavior determination, UV-vis spectroscopy analysis for optical property and High resolution scanning electron microscopy for Surface morphological properties. 28242332 4 2 theme crosslinking 947:958 arg1 agents 960:965 crosslinking agents 947:965 crosslinking agents 947:965 The antibacterial activity of CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric with crosslinking agents were tested against the gram-positive and gram negative bacteria by agar well diffusion method. 28242332 1 3 theme Chitosan-Neem 143:155 arg1 composite 170:178 Chitosan-Neem seed (CS-NS) composite 143:178 Chitosan-Neem seed (CS-NS) composite 143:178 In present study, eco-friendly biosynthesis of Chitosan-Neem seed (CS-NS) composite was prepared by co-precipitation method using aqueous neem seed extract. 28242332 5 4 link crosslinked 1194:1204 arg1 fabric 1213:1218 crosslinked cotton fabric 1194:1218 crosslinked cotton fabric 1194:1218 The results demonstrated that CS-NS composite with crosslinked coated cotton fabric has higher antibacterial activity than without crosslinked cotton fabric. 28242332 1 5 theme seed 239:242 arg1 extract 244:250 aqueous neem seed extract 226:250 aqueous neem seed extract 226:250 In present study, eco-friendly biosynthesis of Chitosan-Neem seed (CS-NS) composite was prepared by co-precipitation method using aqueous neem seed extract. 28242332 3 6 theme optical 730:736 arg1 property 738:745 optical property 730:745 optical property 730:745 As synthesized composite materials and treated cotton fabrics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for functional groups confirmation, X-ray diffraction for crystalline behavior determination, UV-vis spectroscopy analysis for optical property and High resolution scanning electron microscopy for Surface morphological properties. 28242332 5 7 theme higher 1151:1156 arg1 activity 1172:1179 higher antibacterial activity 1151:1179 higher antibacterial activity 1151:1179 The results demonstrated that CS-NS composite with crosslinked coated cotton fabric has higher antibacterial activity than without crosslinked cotton fabric. 28242332 1 8 theme seed 157:160 arg1 composite 170:178 Chitosan-Neem seed (CS-NS) composite 143:178 Chitosan-Neem seed (CS-NS) composite 143:178 In present study, eco-friendly biosynthesis of Chitosan-Neem seed (CS-NS) composite was prepared by co-precipitation method using aqueous neem seed extract. 28242332 5 9 with composite 1099:1107 arg1 fabric 1140:1145 crosslinked coated cotton fabric 1114:1145 crosslinked coated cotton fabric 1114:1145 The results demonstrated that CS-NS composite with crosslinked coated cotton fabric has higher antibacterial activity than without crosslinked cotton fabric. 28242332 4 10 theme agar 1035:1038 arg1 method 1055:1060 agar well diffusion method 1035:1060 agar well diffusion method 1035:1060 The antibacterial activity of CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric with crosslinking agents were tested against the gram-positive and gram negative bacteria by agar well diffusion method. 28242332 3 11 dep transform 571:579 arg1 infrared 581:588 infrared 581:588 transform infrared spectroscopy for functional groups confirmation, X-ray diffraction for crystalline behavior determination, UV-vis spectroscopy analysis for optical property and High resolution scanning electron microscopy for Surface morphological properties 571:831 As synthesized composite materials and treated cotton fabrics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for functional groups confirmation, X-ray diffraction for crystalline behavior determination, UV-vis spectroscopy analysis for optical property and High resolution scanning electron microscopy for Surface morphological properties. 28242332 5 12 theme coated 1126:1131 arg1 fabric 1140:1145 crosslinked coated cotton fabric 1114:1145 crosslinked coated cotton fabric 1114:1145 The results demonstrated that CS-NS composite with crosslinked coated cotton fabric has higher antibacterial activity than without crosslinked cotton fabric. 28242332 4 13 with CS-NS 864:868 arg1 agents 960:965 crosslinking agents 947:965 crosslinking agents 947:965 The antibacterial activity of CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric with crosslinking agents were tested against the gram-positive and gram negative bacteria by agar well diffusion method. 28242332 0 14 theme medical 78:84 arg1 textiles 86:93 medical textiles 78:93 medical textiles 78:93 Synthesis of chitosan incorporated neem seed extract (Azadirachta indica) for medical textiles. 28242332 3 15 theme electron 776:783 arg1 groups 618:623 functional groups confirmation 607:636 functional groups confirmation 607:636 As synthesized composite materials and treated cotton fabrics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for functional groups confirmation, X-ray diffraction for crystalline behavior determination, UV-vis spectroscopy analysis for optical property and High resolution scanning electron microscopy for Surface morphological properties. 28242332 3 15 theme electron 776:783 arg1 microscopy 785:794 High resolution scanning electron microscopy 751:794 High resolution scanning electron microscopy 751:794 As synthesized composite materials and treated cotton fabrics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for functional groups confirmation, X-ray diffraction for crystalline behavior determination, UV-vis spectroscopy analysis for optical property and High resolution scanning electron microscopy for Surface morphological properties. 28242332 4 16 theme diffusion 1045:1053 arg1 method 1055:1060 agar well diffusion method 1035:1060 agar well diffusion method 1035:1060 The antibacterial activity of CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric with crosslinking agents were tested against the gram-positive and gram negative bacteria by agar well diffusion method. 28242332 2 17 theme Citric 340:345 arg1 acid 347:350 Citric acid 340:350 Citric acid 340:350 Cotton fabrics were treated with two different crosslinking agents (Glutaraldehyde and Citric acid) then the synthesized composite coated on cotton fabric by chemical linkage between the composite and the cellulose structure. 28242332 2 17 theme Citric 340:345 arg1 agents 313:318 two different crosslinking agents 286:318 two different crosslinking agents (Glutaraldehyde and Citric acid) then the synthesized composite coated on cotton fabric by chemical linkage between the composite and the cellulose structure 286:476 Cotton fabrics were treated with two different crosslinking agents (Glutaraldehyde and Citric acid) then the synthesized composite coated on cotton fabric by chemical linkage between the composite and the cellulose structure. 28242332 4 18 theme coated 921:926 arg1 fabric 935:940 CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric 905:940 CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric 905:940 The antibacterial activity of CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric with crosslinking agents were tested against the gram-positive and gram negative bacteria by agar well diffusion method. 28242332 4 18 theme coated 921:926 arg1 CS-NS 864:868 CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric 864:940 CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric with crosslinking agents 864:965 The antibacterial activity of CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric with crosslinking agents were tested against the gram-positive and gram negative bacteria by agar well diffusion method. 28242332 6 19 theme medical 1281:1287 arg1 textiles 1289:1296 the medical textiles 1277:1296 the medical textiles 1277:1296 Thus the chitosan-neem seed composite may be applied to the medical textiles. 28242332 4 20 dep CS-NS 864:868 arg1 fabric 894:899 composite coated cotton fabric 870:899 composite coated cotton fabric 870:899 The antibacterial activity of CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric with crosslinking agents were tested against the gram-positive and gram negative bacteria by agar well diffusion method. 28242332 4 20 dep CS-NS 864:868 arg1 fabric 935:940 CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric 905:940 CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric 905:940 The antibacterial activity of CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric with crosslinking agents were tested against the gram-positive and gram negative bacteria by agar well diffusion method. 28242332 4 20 dep CS-NS 864:868 arg1 CS-NS 864:868 CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric 864:940 CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric with crosslinking agents 864:965 The antibacterial activity of CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric with crosslinking agents were tested against the gram-positive and gram negative bacteria by agar well diffusion method. 28242332 5 21 theme crosslinked 1194:1204 arg1 fabric 1213:1218 crosslinked cotton fabric 1194:1218 crosslinked cotton fabric 1194:1218 The results demonstrated that CS-NS composite with crosslinked coated cotton fabric has higher antibacterial activity than without crosslinked cotton fabric. 28242332 4 22 theme well 1040:1043 arg1 method 1055:1060 agar well diffusion method 1035:1060 agar well diffusion method 1035:1060 The antibacterial activity of CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric with crosslinking agents were tested against the gram-positive and gram negative bacteria by agar well diffusion method. 28242332 3 23 theme resolution 756:765 arg1 groups 618:623 functional groups confirmation 607:636 functional groups confirmation 607:636 As synthesized composite materials and treated cotton fabrics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for functional groups confirmation, X-ray diffraction for crystalline behavior determination, UV-vis spectroscopy analysis for optical property and High resolution scanning electron microscopy for Surface morphological properties. 28242332 3 23 theme resolution 756:765 arg1 microscopy 785:794 High resolution scanning electron microscopy 751:794 High resolution scanning electron microscopy 751:794 As synthesized composite materials and treated cotton fabrics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for functional groups confirmation, X-ray diffraction for crystalline behavior determination, UV-vis spectroscopy analysis for optical property and High resolution scanning electron microscopy for Surface morphological properties. 28242332 4 24 theme composite 911:919 arg1 fabric 935:940 CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric 905:940 CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric 905:940 The antibacterial activity of CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric with crosslinking agents were tested against the gram-positive and gram negative bacteria by agar well diffusion method. 28242332 4 24 theme composite 911:919 arg1 CS-NS 864:868 CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric 864:940 CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric with crosslinking agents 864:965 The antibacterial activity of CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric with crosslinking agents were tested against the gram-positive and gram negative bacteria by agar well diffusion method. 28242332 4 25 theme antibacterial 838:850 arg1 activity 852:859 The antibacterial activity 834:859 The antibacterial activity of CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric with crosslinking agents 834:965 The antibacterial activity of CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric with crosslinking agents were tested against the gram-positive and gram negative bacteria by agar well diffusion method. 28242332 3 26 theme synthesized 482:492 arg1 materials 504:512 As synthesized composite materials 479:512 As synthesized composite materials 479:512 As synthesized composite materials and treated cotton fabrics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for functional groups confirmation, X-ray diffraction for crystalline behavior determination, UV-vis spectroscopy analysis for optical property and High resolution scanning electron microscopy for Surface morphological properties. 28242332 1 27 theme CS-NS 163:167 arg1 composite 170:178 Chitosan-Neem seed (CS-NS) composite 143:178 Chitosan-Neem seed (CS-NS) composite 143:178 In present study, eco-friendly biosynthesis of Chitosan-Neem seed (CS-NS) composite was prepared by co-precipitation method using aqueous neem seed extract. 28242332 5 28 link crosslinked 1114:1124 arg1 fabric 1140:1145 crosslinked coated cotton fabric 1114:1145 crosslinked coated cotton fabric 1114:1145 The results demonstrated that CS-NS composite with crosslinked coated cotton fabric has higher antibacterial activity than without crosslinked cotton fabric. 28242332 3 29 theme scanning 767:774 arg1 groups 618:623 functional groups confirmation 607:636 functional groups confirmation 607:636 As synthesized composite materials and treated cotton fabrics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for functional groups confirmation, X-ray diffraction for crystalline behavior determination, UV-vis spectroscopy analysis for optical property and High resolution scanning electron microscopy for Surface morphological properties. 28242332 3 29 theme scanning 767:774 arg1 microscopy 785:794 High resolution scanning electron microscopy 751:794 High resolution scanning electron microscopy 751:794 As synthesized composite materials and treated cotton fabrics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for functional groups confirmation, X-ray diffraction for crystalline behavior determination, UV-vis spectroscopy analysis for optical property and High resolution scanning electron microscopy for Surface morphological properties. 28242332 3 30 dep groups 618:623 arg1 confirmation 625:636 confirmation 625:636 functional groups confirmation 607:636 As synthesized composite materials and treated cotton fabrics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for functional groups confirmation, X-ray diffraction for crystalline behavior determination, UV-vis spectroscopy analysis for optical property and High resolution scanning electron microscopy for Surface morphological properties. 28242332 3 31 theme morphological 808:820 arg1 properties 822:831 Surface morphological properties 800:831 Surface morphological properties 800:831 As synthesized composite materials and treated cotton fabrics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for functional groups confirmation, X-ray diffraction for crystalline behavior determination, UV-vis spectroscopy analysis for optical property and High resolution scanning electron microscopy for Surface morphological properties. 28242332 3 32 theme spectroscopy 704:715 arg1 groups 618:623 functional groups confirmation 607:636 functional groups confirmation 607:636 As synthesized composite materials and treated cotton fabrics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for functional groups confirmation, X-ray diffraction for crystalline behavior determination, UV-vis spectroscopy analysis for optical property and High resolution scanning electron microscopy for Surface morphological properties. 28242332 3 32 theme spectroscopy 704:715 arg1 analysis 717:724 UV-vis spectroscopy analysis 697:724 UV-vis spectroscopy analysis for optical property 697:745 As synthesized composite materials and treated cotton fabrics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for functional groups confirmation, X-ray diffraction for crystalline behavior determination, UV-vis spectroscopy analysis for optical property and High resolution scanning electron microscopy for Surface morphological properties. 28242332 2 33 theme crosslinking 300:311 arg1 Glutaraldehyde 321:334 Glutaraldehyde 321:334 Glutaraldehyde 321:334 Cotton fabrics were treated with two different crosslinking agents (Glutaraldehyde and Citric acid) then the synthesized composite coated on cotton fabric by chemical linkage between the composite and the cellulose structure. 28242332 2 33 theme crosslinking 300:311 arg1 acid 347:350 Citric acid 340:350 Citric acid 340:350 Cotton fabrics were treated with two different crosslinking agents (Glutaraldehyde and Citric acid) then the synthesized composite coated on cotton fabric by chemical linkage between the composite and the cellulose structure. 28242332 2 33 theme crosslinking 300:311 arg1 agents 313:318 two different crosslinking agents 286:318 two different crosslinking agents (Glutaraldehyde and Citric acid) then the synthesized composite coated on cotton fabric by chemical linkage between the composite and the cellulose structure 286:476 Cotton fabrics were treated with two different crosslinking agents (Glutaraldehyde and Citric acid) then the synthesized composite coated on cotton fabric by chemical linkage between the composite and the cellulose structure. 28242332 2 34 theme synthesized 362:372 arg1 composite 374:382 then the synthesized composite 353:382 two different crosslinking agents (Glutaraldehyde and Citric acid) then the synthesized composite coated on cotton fabric by chemical linkage between the composite and the cellulose structure 286:476 Cotton fabrics were treated with two different crosslinking agents (Glutaraldehyde and Citric acid) then the synthesized composite coated on cotton fabric by chemical linkage between the composite and the cellulose structure. 28242332 5 35 theme CS-NS 1093:1097 arg1 composite 1099:1107 CS-NS composite 1093:1107 CS-NS composite with crosslinked coated cotton fabric 1093:1145 The results demonstrated that CS-NS composite with crosslinked coated cotton fabric has higher antibacterial activity than without crosslinked cotton fabric. 28242332 5 36 theme cotton 1133:1138 arg1 fabric 1140:1145 crosslinked coated cotton fabric 1114:1145 crosslinked coated cotton fabric 1114:1145 The results demonstrated that CS-NS composite with crosslinked coated cotton fabric has higher antibacterial activity than without crosslinked cotton fabric. 28242332 2 37 theme different 290:298 arg1 Glutaraldehyde 321:334 Glutaraldehyde 321:334 Glutaraldehyde 321:334 Cotton fabrics were treated with two different crosslinking agents (Glutaraldehyde and Citric acid) then the synthesized composite coated on cotton fabric by chemical linkage between the composite and the cellulose structure. 28242332 2 37 theme different 290:298 arg1 acid 347:350 Citric acid 340:350 Citric acid 340:350 Cotton fabrics were treated with two different crosslinking agents (Glutaraldehyde and Citric acid) then the synthesized composite coated on cotton fabric by chemical linkage between the composite and the cellulose structure. 28242332 2 37 theme different 290:298 arg1 agents 313:318 two different crosslinking agents 286:318 two different crosslinking agents (Glutaraldehyde and Citric acid) then the synthesized composite coated on cotton fabric by chemical linkage between the composite and the cellulose structure 286:476 Cotton fabrics were treated with two different crosslinking agents (Glutaraldehyde and Citric acid) then the synthesized composite coated on cotton fabric by chemical linkage between the composite and the cellulose structure. 28242332 2 38 theme chemical 411:418 arg1 linkage 420:426 chemical linkage 411:426 chemical linkage between the composite and the cellulose structure 411:476 Cotton fabrics were treated with two different crosslinking agents (Glutaraldehyde and Citric acid) then the synthesized composite coated on cotton fabric by chemical linkage between the composite and the cellulose structure. 28242332 0 39 theme chitosan 13:20 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis of chitosan 0:20 Synthesis of chitosan incorporated neem seed extract (Azadirachta indica) for medical textiles. 28242332 3 40 dep Fourier 563:569 arg1 transform 571:579 transform 571:579 transform infrared spectroscopy for functional groups confirmation, X-ray diffraction for crystalline behavior determination, UV-vis spectroscopy analysis for optical property and High resolution scanning electron microscopy for Surface morphological properties 571:831 As synthesized composite materials and treated cotton fabrics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for functional groups confirmation, X-ray diffraction for crystalline behavior determination, UV-vis spectroscopy analysis for optical property and High resolution scanning electron microscopy for Surface morphological properties. 28242332 0 41 theme seed 40:43 arg1 extract 45:51 neem seed extract 35:51 neem seed extract (Azadirachta indica) 35:72 Synthesis of chitosan incorporated neem seed extract (Azadirachta indica) for medical textiles. 28242332 0 41 theme seed 40:43 arg1 indica 66:71 Azadirachta indica 54:71 Azadirachta indica 54:71 Synthesis of chitosan incorporated neem seed extract (Azadirachta indica) for medical textiles. 28242332 3 42 theme Surface 800:806 arg1 properties 822:831 Surface morphological properties 800:831 Surface morphological properties 800:831 As synthesized composite materials and treated cotton fabrics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for functional groups confirmation, X-ray diffraction for crystalline behavior determination, UV-vis spectroscopy analysis for optical property and High resolution scanning electron microscopy for Surface morphological properties. 28242332 6 43 theme seed 1244:1247 arg1 composite 1249:1257 the chitosan-neem seed composite 1226:1257 the chitosan-neem seed composite 1226:1257 Thus the chitosan-neem seed composite may be applied to the medical textiles. 28242332 1 44 theme composite 170:178 arg1 biosynthesis 127:138 eco-friendly biosynthesis 114:138 eco-friendly biosynthesis of Chitosan-Neem seed (CS-NS) composite 114:178 In present study, eco-friendly biosynthesis of Chitosan-Neem seed (CS-NS) composite was prepared by co-precipitation method using aqueous neem seed extract. 28242332 0 45 theme neem 35:38 arg1 extract 45:51 neem seed extract 35:51 neem seed extract (Azadirachta indica) 35:72 Synthesis of chitosan incorporated neem seed extract (Azadirachta indica) for medical textiles. 28242332 0 45 theme neem 35:38 arg1 indica 66:71 Azadirachta indica 54:71 Azadirachta indica 54:71 Synthesis of chitosan incorporated neem seed extract (Azadirachta indica) for medical textiles. 28242332 2 46 theme cellulose 458:466 arg1 structure 468:476 the cellulose structure 454:476 the cellulose structure 454:476 Cotton fabrics were treated with two different crosslinking agents (Glutaraldehyde and Citric acid) then the synthesized composite coated on cotton fabric by chemical linkage between the composite and the cellulose structure. 28242332 3 47 theme crystalline 661:671 arg1 determination 682:694 crystalline behavior determination 661:694 crystalline behavior determination 661:694 As synthesized composite materials and treated cotton fabrics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for functional groups confirmation, X-ray diffraction for crystalline behavior determination, UV-vis spectroscopy analysis for optical property and High resolution scanning electron microscopy for Surface morphological properties. 28242332 4 48 theme cotton 887:892 arg1 fabric 894:899 composite coated cotton fabric 870:899 composite coated cotton fabric 870:899 The antibacterial activity of CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric with crosslinking agents were tested against the gram-positive and gram negative bacteria by agar well diffusion method. 28242332 4 48 theme cotton 887:892 arg1 CS-NS 864:868 CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric 864:940 CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric with crosslinking agents 864:965 The antibacterial activity of CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric with crosslinking agents were tested against the gram-positive and gram negative bacteria by agar well diffusion method. 28242332 1 49 theme co-precipitation 196:211 arg1 method 213:218 co-precipitation method 196:218 co-precipitation method using aqueous neem seed extract 196:250 In present study, eco-friendly biosynthesis of Chitosan-Neem seed (CS-NS) composite was prepared by co-precipitation method using aqueous neem seed extract. 28242332 5 50 contain has 1147:1149 arg1 composite 1099:1107 CS-NS composite 1093:1107 CS-NS composite with crosslinked coated cotton fabric 1093:1145 The results demonstrated that CS-NS composite with crosslinked coated cotton fabric has higher antibacterial activity than without crosslinked cotton fabric. 28242332 5 50 contain has 1147:1149 arg2 activity 1172:1179 higher antibacterial activity 1151:1179 higher antibacterial activity 1151:1179 The results demonstrated that CS-NS composite with crosslinked coated cotton fabric has higher antibacterial activity than without crosslinked cotton fabric. 28242332 5 51 theme cotton 1206:1211 arg1 fabric 1213:1218 crosslinked cotton fabric 1194:1218 crosslinked cotton fabric 1194:1218 The results demonstrated that CS-NS composite with crosslinked coated cotton fabric has higher antibacterial activity than without crosslinked cotton fabric. 28242332 3 52 theme behavior 673:680 arg1 determination 682:694 crystalline behavior determination 661:694 crystalline behavior determination 661:694 As synthesized composite materials and treated cotton fabrics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for functional groups confirmation, X-ray diffraction for crystalline behavior determination, UV-vis spectroscopy analysis for optical property and High resolution scanning electron microscopy for Surface morphological properties. 28242332 4 53 theme CS-NS 905:909 arg1 fabric 935:940 CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric 905:940 CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric 905:940 The antibacterial activity of CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric with crosslinking agents were tested against the gram-positive and gram negative bacteria by agar well diffusion method. 28242332 4 53 theme CS-NS 905:909 arg1 CS-NS 864:868 CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric 864:940 CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric with crosslinking agents 864:965 The antibacterial activity of CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric with crosslinking agents were tested against the gram-positive and gram negative bacteria by agar well diffusion method. 28242332 4 54 theme cotton 928:933 arg1 fabric 935:940 CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric 905:940 CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric 905:940 The antibacterial activity of CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric with crosslinking agents were tested against the gram-positive and gram negative bacteria by agar well diffusion method. 28242332 4 54 theme cotton 928:933 arg1 CS-NS 864:868 CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric 864:940 CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric with crosslinking agents 864:965 The antibacterial activity of CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric with crosslinking agents were tested against the gram-positive and gram negative bacteria by agar well diffusion method. 28242332 1 55 theme present 99:105 arg1 study 107:111 present study 99:111 present study 99:111 In present study, eco-friendly biosynthesis of Chitosan-Neem seed (CS-NS) composite was prepared by co-precipitation method using aqueous neem seed extract. 28242332 4 56 theme negative 1014:1021 arg1 bacteria 1023:1030 the gram-positive and gram negative bacteria 987:1030 the gram-positive and gram negative bacteria 987:1030 The antibacterial activity of CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric with crosslinking agents were tested against the gram-positive and gram negative bacteria by agar well diffusion method. 28242332 3 57 theme functional 607:616 arg1 groups 618:623 functional groups confirmation 607:636 functional groups confirmation 607:636 As synthesized composite materials and treated cotton fabrics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for functional groups confirmation, X-ray diffraction for crystalline behavior determination, UV-vis spectroscopy analysis for optical property and High resolution scanning electron microscopy for Surface morphological properties. 28242332 3 57 theme functional 607:616 arg1 analysis 717:724 UV-vis spectroscopy analysis 697:724 UV-vis spectroscopy analysis for optical property 697:745 As synthesized composite materials and treated cotton fabrics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for functional groups confirmation, X-ray diffraction for crystalline behavior determination, UV-vis spectroscopy analysis for optical property and High resolution scanning electron microscopy for Surface morphological properties. 28242332 3 57 theme functional 607:616 arg1 diffraction 645:655 X-ray diffraction 639:655 X-ray diffraction for crystalline behavior determination 639:694 As synthesized composite materials and treated cotton fabrics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for functional groups confirmation, X-ray diffraction for crystalline behavior determination, UV-vis spectroscopy analysis for optical property and High resolution scanning electron microscopy for Surface morphological properties. 28242332 3 57 theme functional 607:616 arg1 microscopy 785:794 High resolution scanning electron microscopy 751:794 High resolution scanning electron microscopy 751:794 As synthesized composite materials and treated cotton fabrics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for functional groups confirmation, X-ray diffraction for crystalline behavior determination, UV-vis spectroscopy analysis for optical property and High resolution scanning electron microscopy for Surface morphological properties. 28242332 3 58 theme composite 494:502 arg1 materials 504:512 As synthesized composite materials 479:512 As synthesized composite materials 479:512 As synthesized composite materials and treated cotton fabrics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for functional groups confirmation, X-ray diffraction for crystalline behavior determination, UV-vis spectroscopy analysis for optical property and High resolution scanning electron microscopy for Surface morphological properties. 28242332 4 59 theme composite 870:878 arg1 fabric 894:899 composite coated cotton fabric 870:899 composite coated cotton fabric 870:899 The antibacterial activity of CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric with crosslinking agents were tested against the gram-positive and gram negative bacteria by agar well diffusion method. 28242332 4 59 theme composite 870:878 arg1 CS-NS 864:868 CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric 864:940 CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric with crosslinking agents 864:965 The antibacterial activity of CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric with crosslinking agents were tested against the gram-positive and gram negative bacteria by agar well diffusion method. 28242332 4 60 theme gram-positive 991:1003 arg1 bacteria 1023:1030 the gram-positive and gram negative bacteria 987:1030 the gram-positive and gram negative bacteria 987:1030 The antibacterial activity of CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric with crosslinking agents were tested against the gram-positive and gram negative bacteria by agar well diffusion method. 28242332 4 61 theme CS-NS 864:868 arg1 activity 852:859 The antibacterial activity 834:859 The antibacterial activity of CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric with crosslinking agents 834:965 The antibacterial activity of CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric with crosslinking agents were tested against the gram-positive and gram negative bacteria by agar well diffusion method. 28242332 2 62 theme Cotton 253:258 arg1 fabrics 260:266 Cotton fabrics 253:266 Cotton fabrics 253:266 Cotton fabrics were treated with two different crosslinking agents (Glutaraldehyde and Citric acid) then the synthesized composite coated on cotton fabric by chemical linkage between the composite and the cellulose structure. 28242332 5 63 theme crosslinked 1114:1124 arg1 fabric 1140:1145 crosslinked coated cotton fabric 1114:1145 crosslinked coated cotton fabric 1114:1145 The results demonstrated that CS-NS composite with crosslinked coated cotton fabric has higher antibacterial activity than without crosslinked cotton fabric. 28242332 2 64 dep agents 313:318 arg1 agents 313:318 two different crosslinking agents 286:318 two different crosslinking agents (Glutaraldehyde and Citric acid) then the synthesized composite coated on cotton fabric by chemical linkage between the composite and the cellulose structure 286:476 Cotton fabrics were treated with two different crosslinking agents (Glutaraldehyde and Citric acid) then the synthesized composite coated on cotton fabric by chemical linkage between the composite and the cellulose structure. 28242332 2 64 dep agents 313:318 arg1 composite 374:382 then the synthesized composite 353:382 two different crosslinking agents (Glutaraldehyde and Citric acid) then the synthesized composite coated on cotton fabric by chemical linkage between the composite and the cellulose structure 286:476 Cotton fabrics were treated with two different crosslinking agents (Glutaraldehyde and Citric acid) then the synthesized composite coated on cotton fabric by chemical linkage between the composite and the cellulose structure. 28242332 2 64 dep agents 313:318 arg1 acid 347:350 Citric acid 340:350 Citric acid 340:350 Cotton fabrics were treated with two different crosslinking agents (Glutaraldehyde and Citric acid) then the synthesized composite coated on cotton fabric by chemical linkage between the composite and the cellulose structure. 28242332 2 64 dep agents 313:318 arg1 Glutaraldehyde 321:334 Glutaraldehyde 321:334 Glutaraldehyde 321:334 Cotton fabrics were treated with two different crosslinking agents (Glutaraldehyde and Citric acid) then the synthesized composite coated on cotton fabric by chemical linkage between the composite and the cellulose structure. 28242332 3 65 theme UV-vis 697:702 arg1 groups 618:623 functional groups confirmation 607:636 functional groups confirmation 607:636 As synthesized composite materials and treated cotton fabrics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for functional groups confirmation, X-ray diffraction for crystalline behavior determination, UV-vis spectroscopy analysis for optical property and High resolution scanning electron microscopy for Surface morphological properties. 28242332 3 65 theme UV-vis 697:702 arg1 analysis 717:724 UV-vis spectroscopy analysis 697:724 UV-vis spectroscopy analysis for optical property 697:745 As synthesized composite materials and treated cotton fabrics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for functional groups confirmation, X-ray diffraction for crystalline behavior determination, UV-vis spectroscopy analysis for optical property and High resolution scanning electron microscopy for Surface morphological properties. 28242332 1 66 theme eco-friendly 114:125 arg1 biosynthesis 127:138 eco-friendly biosynthesis 114:138 eco-friendly biosynthesis of Chitosan-Neem seed (CS-NS) composite 114:178 In present study, eco-friendly biosynthesis of Chitosan-Neem seed (CS-NS) composite was prepared by co-precipitation method using aqueous neem seed extract. 28242332 6 67 theme chitosan-neem 1230:1242 arg1 composite 1249:1257 the chitosan-neem seed composite 1226:1257 the chitosan-neem seed composite 1226:1257 Thus the chitosan-neem seed composite may be applied to the medical textiles. 28242332 2 68 theme cotton 394:399 arg1 fabric 401:406 cotton fabric 394:406 cotton fabric by chemical linkage between the composite and the cellulose structure 394:476 Cotton fabrics were treated with two different crosslinking agents (Glutaraldehyde and Citric acid) then the synthesized composite coated on cotton fabric by chemical linkage between the composite and the cellulose structure. 28242332 4 69 theme coated 880:885 arg1 fabric 894:899 composite coated cotton fabric 870:899 composite coated cotton fabric 870:899 The antibacterial activity of CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric with crosslinking agents were tested against the gram-positive and gram negative bacteria by agar well diffusion method. 28242332 4 69 theme coated 880:885 arg1 CS-NS 864:868 CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric 864:940 CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric with crosslinking agents 864:965 The antibacterial activity of CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric with crosslinking agents were tested against the gram-positive and gram negative bacteria by agar well diffusion method. 28242332 3 70 theme treated 518:524 arg1 fabrics 533:539 treated cotton fabrics 518:539 treated cotton fabrics 518:539 As synthesized composite materials and treated cotton fabrics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for functional groups confirmation, X-ray diffraction for crystalline behavior determination, UV-vis spectroscopy analysis for optical property and High resolution scanning electron microscopy for Surface morphological properties. 28242332 1 71 theme aqueous 226:232 arg1 extract 244:250 aqueous neem seed extract 226:250 aqueous neem seed extract 226:250 In present study, eco-friendly biosynthesis of Chitosan-Neem seed (CS-NS) composite was prepared by co-precipitation method using aqueous neem seed extract. 28242332 0 72 theme Azadirachta 54:64 arg1 extract 45:51 neem seed extract 35:51 neem seed extract (Azadirachta indica) 35:72 Synthesis of chitosan incorporated neem seed extract (Azadirachta indica) for medical textiles. 28242332 0 72 theme Azadirachta 54:64 arg1 indica 66:71 Azadirachta indica 54:71 Azadirachta indica 54:71 Synthesis of chitosan incorporated neem seed extract (Azadirachta indica) for medical textiles. 28242332 3 73 theme X-ray 639:643 arg1 groups 618:623 functional groups confirmation 607:636 functional groups confirmation 607:636 As synthesized composite materials and treated cotton fabrics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for functional groups confirmation, X-ray diffraction for crystalline behavior determination, UV-vis spectroscopy analysis for optical property and High resolution scanning electron microscopy for Surface morphological properties. 28242332 3 73 theme X-ray 639:643 arg1 diffraction 645:655 X-ray diffraction 639:655 X-ray diffraction for crystalline behavior determination 639:694 As synthesized composite materials and treated cotton fabrics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for functional groups confirmation, X-ray diffraction for crystalline behavior determination, UV-vis spectroscopy analysis for optical property and High resolution scanning electron microscopy for Surface morphological properties. 28242332 3 74 theme cotton 526:531 arg1 fabrics 533:539 treated cotton fabrics 518:539 treated cotton fabrics 518:539 As synthesized composite materials and treated cotton fabrics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for functional groups confirmation, X-ray diffraction for crystalline behavior determination, UV-vis spectroscopy analysis for optical property and High resolution scanning electron microscopy for Surface morphological properties. 28242332 1 75 theme neem 234:237 arg1 extract 244:250 aqueous neem seed extract 226:250 aqueous neem seed extract 226:250 In present study, eco-friendly biosynthesis of Chitosan-Neem seed (CS-NS) composite was prepared by co-precipitation method using aqueous neem seed extract. 27178912 2 0 theme FTIR 472:475 arg1 spectroscopy 477:488 FTIR spectroscopy 472:488 FTIR spectroscopy 472:488 Aerogels were characterized by SEM, BET surface area test, bulk density and silica content analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and compression test. 27178912 2 0 theme FTIR 472:475 arg1 SEM 402:404 SEM 402:404 SEM 402:404 Aerogels were characterized by SEM, BET surface area test, bulk density and silica content analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and compression test. 27178912 8 1 theme conventional 1376:1387 arg1 materials 1400:1408 the conventional insulation materials 1372:1408 the conventional insulation materials found in the recent commercial market, and without substantial increases in thermal conductivity 1372:1505 Moreover, the compressive strength of the composite aerogel prepared in this work greatly exceeded the conventional insulation materials found in the recent commercial market, and without substantial increases in thermal conductivity. 27178912 8 2 theme thermal 1486:1492 arg1 conductivity 1494:1505 thermal conductivity 1486:1505 thermal conductivity 1486:1505 Moreover, the compressive strength of the composite aerogel prepared in this work greatly exceeded the conventional insulation materials found in the recent commercial market, and without substantial increases in thermal conductivity. 27178912 1 3 theme sol-gel 253:259 arg1 process 261:267 a two-step sol-gel process 242:267 a two-step sol-gel process 242:267 Monolithic cellulose nanofibrils (CNF)-silica composite aerogels were successfully prepared by immersing CNF aerogels into a silica solution in a two-step sol-gel process (initial hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) followed by condensation of silica particles). 27178912 8 4 theme aerogel 1325:1331 arg1 strength 1299:1306 the compressive strength 1283:1306 the compressive strength of the composite aerogel prepared in this work 1283:1353 Moreover, the compressive strength of the composite aerogel prepared in this work greatly exceeded the conventional insulation materials found in the recent commercial market, and without substantial increases in thermal conductivity. 27178912 1 5 dep Monolithic 98:107 arg1 CNF 132:134 CNF 132:134 CNF 132:134 Monolithic cellulose nanofibrils (CNF)-silica composite aerogels were successfully prepared by immersing CNF aerogels into a silica solution in a two-step sol-gel process (initial hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) followed by condensation of silica particles). 27178912 1 5 dep Monolithic 98:107 arg1 nanofibrils 119:129 cellulose nanofibrils 109:129 cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) 109:135 Monolithic cellulose nanofibrils (CNF)-silica composite aerogels were successfully prepared by immersing CNF aerogels into a silica solution in a two-step sol-gel process (initial hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) followed by condensation of silica particles). 27178912 8 6 theme composite 1315:1323 arg1 aerogel 1325:1331 the composite aerogel 1311:1331 the composite aerogel prepared in this work 1311:1353 Moreover, the compressive strength of the composite aerogel prepared in this work greatly exceeded the conventional insulation materials found in the recent commercial market, and without substantial increases in thermal conductivity. 27178912 1 7 theme silica 352:357 arg1 particles 359:367 silica particles 352:367 silica particles 352:367 Monolithic cellulose nanofibrils (CNF)-silica composite aerogels were successfully prepared by immersing CNF aerogels into a silica solution in a two-step sol-gel process (initial hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) followed by condensation of silica particles). 27178912 9 8 theme new 1642:1644 arg1 materials 1655:1663 new advanced materials 1642:1663 new advanced materials 1642:1663 Hence, the findings of this research offer a promising application for composite aerogels and give a theoretical basis for developing new advanced materials. 27178912 4 9 theme aerogels 733:740 arg1 properties 705:714 the properties 701:714 the properties of the composite aerogels 701:740 The pH value of condensation solution was found to have great influence on the properties of the composite aerogels. 27178912 8 10 theme substantial 1461:1471 arg1 increases 1473:1481 substantial increases 1461:1481 substantial increases in thermal conductivity 1461:1505 Moreover, the compressive strength of the composite aerogel prepared in this work greatly exceeded the conventional insulation materials found in the recent commercial market, and without substantial increases in thermal conductivity. 27178912 1 11 theme particles 359:367 arg1 condensation 336:347 condensation 336:347 condensation of silica particles 336:367 Monolithic cellulose nanofibrils (CNF)-silica composite aerogels were successfully prepared by immersing CNF aerogels into a silica solution in a two-step sol-gel process (initial hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) followed by condensation of silica particles). 27178912 4 12 theme composite 723:731 arg1 aerogels 733:740 the composite aerogels 719:740 the composite aerogels 719:740 The pH value of condensation solution was found to have great influence on the properties of the composite aerogels. 27178912 6 13 theme 700.1m 1120:1125 arg1 -1 1131:1132 -1 1131:1132 -1 1131:1132 The porosities of the aerogels remained very high, between 85 and 96%, and the surface area of the composite aerogel reached up to 700.1m(2)g(-1). 27178912 6 13 theme 700.1m 1120:1125 arg1 g 1129:1129 700.1m(2)g 1120:1129 700.1m(2)g(-1) 1120:1133 The porosities of the aerogels remained very high, between 85 and 96%, and the surface area of the composite aerogel reached up to 700.1m(2)g(-1). 27178912 3 14 theme SiO2 525:528 arg1 particles 593:601 the spherical individual particles 568:601 the spherical individual particles coated on CNF fibrils 568:623 The form of SiO2 existing in the composite aerogel was the spherical individual particles coated on CNF fibrils. 27178912 3 14 theme SiO2 525:528 arg1 form 517:520 The form 513:520 The form of SiO2 existing in the composite aerogel 513:562 The form of SiO2 existing in the composite aerogel was the spherical individual particles coated on CNF fibrils. 27178912 1 15 theme initial 270:276 arg1 hydrolysis 278:287 initial hydrolysis 270:287 initial hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) 270:322 Monolithic cellulose nanofibrils (CNF)-silica composite aerogels were successfully prepared by immersing CNF aerogels into a silica solution in a two-step sol-gel process (initial hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) followed by condensation of silica particles). 27178912 2 16 theme compression 495:505 arg1 SEM 402:404 SEM 402:404 SEM 402:404 Aerogels were characterized by SEM, BET surface area test, bulk density and silica content analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and compression test. 27178912 2 16 theme compression 495:505 arg1 test 507:510 compression test 495:510 compression test 495:510 Aerogels were characterized by SEM, BET surface area test, bulk density and silica content analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and compression test. 27178912 9 17 theme advanced 1646:1653 arg1 materials 1655:1663 new advanced materials 1642:1663 new advanced materials 1642:1663 Hence, the findings of this research offer a promising application for composite aerogels and give a theoretical basis for developing new advanced materials. 27178912 7 18 theme compression 1140:1150 arg1 properties 1152:1161 The compression properties 1136:1161 The compression properties of the composite aerogel 1136:1186 The compression properties of the composite aerogel improved greatly compared with those of the silica aerogel, about 8-30 times higher. 27178912 8 19 theme compressive 1287:1297 arg1 strength 1299:1306 the compressive strength 1283:1306 the compressive strength of the composite aerogel prepared in this work 1283:1353 Moreover, the compressive strength of the composite aerogel prepared in this work greatly exceeded the conventional insulation materials found in the recent commercial market, and without substantial increases in thermal conductivity. 27178912 4 20 contain have 677:680 arg1 value 633:637 The pH value 626:637 The pH value of condensation solution 626:662 The pH value of condensation solution was found to have great influence on the properties of the composite aerogels. 27178912 4 20 contain have 677:680 arg2 influence 688:696 great influence 682:696 great influence 682:696 The pH value of condensation solution was found to have great influence on the properties of the composite aerogels. 27178912 5 21 theme condensation 770:781 arg1 atmosphere 783:792 condensation atmosphere 770:792 condensation atmosphere 770:792 By varying the pH value of condensation atmosphere from 8 to 12, the bulk densities of composite aerogels were able to be linearly increased from 0.059gcm(-3) to 0.29gcm(-3)，and the silica content in the matrix sharply jumped from 3wt% to 79wt%. 27178912 4 22 theme pH 630:631 arg1 value 633:637 The pH value 626:637 The pH value of condensation solution 626:662 The pH value of condensation solution was found to have great influence on the properties of the composite aerogels. 27178912 7 23 theme higher 1265:1270 arg1 times 1259:1263 8-30 times 1254:1263 8-30 times higher 1254:1270 The compression properties of the composite aerogel improved greatly compared with those of the silica aerogel, about 8-30 times higher. 27178912 4 24 theme condensation 642:653 arg1 solution 655:662 condensation solution 642:662 condensation solution 642:662 The pH value of condensation solution was found to have great influence on the properties of the composite aerogels. 27178912 2 25 theme bulk 430:433 arg1 density 435:441 bulk density and silica content analysis 430:469 density 435:441 Aerogels were characterized by SEM, BET surface area test, bulk density and silica content analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and compression test. 27178912 2 25 theme bulk 430:433 arg1 SEM 402:404 SEM 402:404 SEM 402:404 Aerogels were characterized by SEM, BET surface area test, bulk density and silica content analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and compression test. 27178912 9 26 theme research 1536:1543 arg1 findings 1519:1526 the findings 1515:1526 the findings of this research 1515:1543 Hence, the findings of this research offer a promising application for composite aerogels and give a theoretical basis for developing new advanced materials. 27178912 6 27 theme aerogel 1098:1104 arg1 area 1076:1079 the surface area 1064:1079 the surface area of the composite aerogel 1064:1104 The porosities of the aerogels remained very high, between 85 and 96%, and the surface area of the composite aerogel reached up to 700.1m(2)g(-1). 27178912 9 28 theme composite 1579:1587 arg1 aerogels 1589:1596 composite aerogels 1579:1596 composite aerogels 1579:1596 Hence, the findings of this research offer a promising application for composite aerogels and give a theoretical basis for developing new advanced materials. 27178912 1 29 theme Monolithic 98:107 arg1 aerogels 154:161 Monolithic cellulose nanofibrils (CNF)-silica composite aerogels 98:161 Monolithic cellulose nanofibrils (CNF)-silica composite aerogels 98:161 Monolithic cellulose nanofibrils (CNF)-silica composite aerogels were successfully prepared by immersing CNF aerogels into a silica solution in a two-step sol-gel process (initial hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) followed by condensation of silica particles). 27178912 1 30 theme CNF 203:205 arg1 aerogels 207:214 CNF aerogels 203:214 CNF aerogels into a silica solution 203:237 Monolithic cellulose nanofibrils (CNF)-silica composite aerogels were successfully prepared by immersing CNF aerogels into a silica solution in a two-step sol-gel process (initial hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) followed by condensation of silica particles). 27178912 0 31 theme high 27:30 arg1 aerogels 48:55 high strength silica aerogels 27:55 high strength silica aerogels 27:55 Facilitated fabrication of high strength silica aerogels using cellulose nanofibrils as scaffold. 27178912 7 32 theme silica 1232:1237 arg1 aerogel 1239:1245 the silica aerogel 1228:1245 the silica aerogel 1228:1245 The compression properties of the composite aerogel improved greatly compared with those of the silica aerogel, about 8-30 times higher. 27178912 8 33 theme insulation 1389:1398 arg1 materials 1400:1408 the conventional insulation materials 1372:1408 the conventional insulation materials found in the recent commercial market, and without substantial increases in thermal conductivity 1372:1505 Moreover, the compressive strength of the composite aerogel prepared in this work greatly exceeded the conventional insulation materials found in the recent commercial market, and without substantial increases in thermal conductivity. 27178912 1 34 theme cellulose 109:117 arg1 CNF 132:134 CNF 132:134 CNF 132:134 Monolithic cellulose nanofibrils (CNF)-silica composite aerogels were successfully prepared by immersing CNF aerogels into a silica solution in a two-step sol-gel process (initial hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) followed by condensation of silica particles). 27178912 1 34 theme cellulose 109:117 arg1 nanofibrils 119:129 cellulose nanofibrils 109:129 cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) 109:135 Monolithic cellulose nanofibrils (CNF)-silica composite aerogels were successfully prepared by immersing CNF aerogels into a silica solution in a two-step sol-gel process (initial hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) followed by condensation of silica particles). 27178912 6 35 theme composite 1088:1096 arg1 aerogel 1098:1104 the composite aerogel 1084:1104 the composite aerogel 1084:1104 The porosities of the aerogels remained very high, between 85 and 96%, and the surface area of the composite aerogel reached up to 700.1m(2)g(-1). 27178912 2 36 theme area 419:422 arg1 test 424:427 BET surface area test 407:427 BET surface area test 407:427 Aerogels were characterized by SEM, BET surface area test, bulk density and silica content analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and compression test. 27178912 2 36 theme area 419:422 arg1 SEM 402:404 SEM 402:404 SEM 402:404 Aerogels were characterized by SEM, BET surface area test, bulk density and silica content analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and compression test. 27178912 3 37 theme composite 546:554 arg1 aerogel 556:562 the composite aerogel 542:562 the composite aerogel 542:562 The form of SiO2 existing in the composite aerogel was the spherical individual particles coated on CNF fibrils. 27178912 1 38 theme tetraethyl 292:301 arg1 TEOS 318:321 TEOS 318:321 TEOS 318:321 Monolithic cellulose nanofibrils (CNF)-silica composite aerogels were successfully prepared by immersing CNF aerogels into a silica solution in a two-step sol-gel process (initial hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) followed by condensation of silica particles). 27178912 1 38 theme tetraethyl 292:301 arg1 orthosilicate 303:315 tetraethyl orthosilicate 292:315 tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) 292:322 Monolithic cellulose nanofibrils (CNF)-silica composite aerogels were successfully prepared by immersing CNF aerogels into a silica solution in a two-step sol-gel process (initial hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) followed by condensation of silica particles). 27178912 5 39 theme atmosphere 783:792 arg1 value 761:765 the pH value 754:765 the pH value of condensation atmosphere 754:792 By varying the pH value of condensation atmosphere from 8 to 12, the bulk densities of composite aerogels were able to be linearly increased from 0.059gcm(-3) to 0.29gcm(-3)，and the silica content in the matrix sharply jumped from 3wt% to 79wt%. 27178912 2 40 theme surface 411:417 arg1 test 424:427 BET surface area test 407:427 BET surface area test 407:427 Aerogels were characterized by SEM, BET surface area test, bulk density and silica content analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and compression test. 27178912 2 40 theme surface 411:417 arg1 SEM 402:404 SEM 402:404 SEM 402:404 Aerogels were characterized by SEM, BET surface area test, bulk density and silica content analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and compression test. 27178912 0 41 theme silica 41:46 arg1 aerogels 48:55 high strength silica aerogels 27:55 high strength silica aerogels 27:55 Facilitated fabrication of high strength silica aerogels using cellulose nanofibrils as scaffold. 27178912 1 42 theme orthosilicate 303:315 arg1 hydrolysis 278:287 initial hydrolysis 270:287 initial hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) 270:322 Monolithic cellulose nanofibrils (CNF)-silica composite aerogels were successfully prepared by immersing CNF aerogels into a silica solution in a two-step sol-gel process (initial hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) followed by condensation of silica particles). 27178912 5 43 dep -3 913:914 arg1 ，and 916:919 ，and 916:919 ，and the silica content in the matrix sharply jumped from 3wt% to 79wt% 916:986 By varying the pH value of condensation atmosphere from 8 to 12, the bulk densities of composite aerogels were able to be linearly increased from 0.059gcm(-3) to 0.29gcm(-3)，and the silica content in the matrix sharply jumped from 3wt% to 79wt%. 27178912 5 44 theme silica 925:930 arg1 content 932:938 the silica content 921:938 the silica content in the matrix sharply jumped from 3wt% to 79wt% 921:986 By varying the pH value of condensation atmosphere from 8 to 12, the bulk densities of composite aerogels were able to be linearly increased from 0.059gcm(-3) to 0.29gcm(-3)，and the silica content in the matrix sharply jumped from 3wt% to 79wt%. 27178912 5 45 from content 932:938 arg1 matrix 947:952 the matrix 943:952 the matrix sharply jumped from 3wt% to 79wt% 943:986 By varying the pH value of condensation atmosphere from 8 to 12, the bulk densities of composite aerogels were able to be linearly increased from 0.059gcm(-3) to 0.29gcm(-3)，and the silica content in the matrix sharply jumped from 3wt% to 79wt%. 27178912 2 46 theme BET 407:409 arg1 test 424:427 BET surface area test 407:427 BET surface area test 407:427 Aerogels were characterized by SEM, BET surface area test, bulk density and silica content analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and compression test. 27178912 2 46 theme BET 407:409 arg1 SEM 402:404 SEM 402:404 SEM 402:404 Aerogels were characterized by SEM, BET surface area test, bulk density and silica content analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and compression test. 27178912 0 47 theme strength 32:39 arg1 aerogels 48:55 high strength silica aerogels 27:55 high strength silica aerogels 27:55 Facilitated fabrication of high strength silica aerogels using cellulose nanofibrils as scaffold. 27178912 2 48 theme content 454:460 arg1 analysis 462:469 bulk density and silica content analysis 430:469 analysis 462:469 Aerogels were characterized by SEM, BET surface area test, bulk density and silica content analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and compression test. 27178912 3 49 theme CNF 613:615 arg1 fibrils 617:623 CNF fibrils 613:623 CNF fibrils 613:623 The form of SiO2 existing in the composite aerogel was the spherical individual particles coated on CNF fibrils. 27178912 3 50 theme spherical 572:580 arg1 particles 593:601 the spherical individual particles 568:601 the spherical individual particles coated on CNF fibrils 568:623 The form of SiO2 existing in the composite aerogel was the spherical individual particles coated on CNF fibrils. 27178912 3 50 theme spherical 572:580 arg1 form 517:520 The form 513:520 The form of SiO2 existing in the composite aerogel 513:562 The form of SiO2 existing in the composite aerogel was the spherical individual particles coated on CNF fibrils. 27178912 9 51 theme theoretical 1609:1619 arg1 basis 1621:1625 a theoretical basis 1607:1625 a theoretical basis for developing new advanced materials 1607:1663 Hence, the findings of this research offer a promising application for composite aerogels and give a theoretical basis for developing new advanced materials. 27178912 1 52 theme silica 223:228 arg1 solution 230:237 a silica solution 221:237 a silica solution 221:237 Monolithic cellulose nanofibrils (CNF)-silica composite aerogels were successfully prepared by immersing CNF aerogels into a silica solution in a two-step sol-gel process (initial hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) followed by condensation of silica particles). 27178912 2 53 theme silica 447:452 arg1 analysis 462:469 bulk density and silica content analysis 430:469 analysis 462:469 Aerogels were characterized by SEM, BET surface area test, bulk density and silica content analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and compression test. 27178912 5 54 theme composite 830:838 arg1 aerogels 840:847 composite aerogels 830:847 composite aerogels 830:847 By varying the pH value of condensation atmosphere from 8 to 12, the bulk densities of composite aerogels were able to be linearly increased from 0.059gcm(-3) to 0.29gcm(-3)，and the silica content in the matrix sharply jumped from 3wt% to 79wt%. 27178912 5 55 theme 79wt 982:985 arg1 % 986:986 79wt% 982:986 79wt% 982:986 By varying the pH value of condensation atmosphere from 8 to 12, the bulk densities of composite aerogels were able to be linearly increased from 0.059gcm(-3) to 0.29gcm(-3)，and the silica content in the matrix sharply jumped from 3wt% to 79wt%. 27178912 4 56 theme great 682:686 arg1 influence 688:696 great influence 682:696 great influence 682:696 The pH value of condensation solution was found to have great influence on the properties of the composite aerogels. 27178912 0 57 theme aerogels 48:55 arg1 fabrication 12:22 fabrication 12:22 fabrication of high strength silica aerogels 12:55 Facilitated fabrication of high strength silica aerogels using cellulose nanofibrils as scaffold. 27178912 5 58 dep 0.059gcm 889:896 arg1 to 902:903 to 902:903 to 902:903 By varying the pH value of condensation atmosphere from 8 to 12, the bulk densities of composite aerogels were able to be linearly increased from 0.059gcm(-3) to 0.29gcm(-3)，and the silica content in the matrix sharply jumped from 3wt% to 79wt%. 27178912 5 58 dep 0.059gcm 889:896 arg1 -3 913:914 -3 913:914 -3 913:914 By varying the pH value of condensation atmosphere from 8 to 12, the bulk densities of composite aerogels were able to be linearly increased from 0.059gcm(-3) to 0.29gcm(-3)，and the silica content in the matrix sharply jumped from 3wt% to 79wt%. 27178912 6 59 theme aerogels 1011:1018 arg1 porosities 993:1002 The porosities 989:1002 The porosities of the aerogels 989:1018 The porosities of the aerogels remained very high, between 85 and 96%, and the surface area of the composite aerogel reached up to 700.1m(2)g(-1). 27178912 9 60 theme promising 1553:1561 arg1 application 1563:1573 a promising application 1551:1573 a promising application for composite aerogels 1551:1596 Hence, the findings of this research offer a promising application for composite aerogels and give a theoretical basis for developing new advanced materials. 27178912 5 61 theme pH 758:759 arg1 value 761:765 the pH value 754:765 the pH value of condensation atmosphere 754:792 By varying the pH value of condensation atmosphere from 8 to 12, the bulk densities of composite aerogels were able to be linearly increased from 0.059gcm(-3) to 0.29gcm(-3)，and the silica content in the matrix sharply jumped from 3wt% to 79wt%. 27178912 5 62 dep 12 804:805 arg1 to 801:802 to 801:802 to 801:802 By varying the pH value of condensation atmosphere from 8 to 12, the bulk densities of composite aerogels were able to be linearly increased from 0.059gcm(-3) to 0.29gcm(-3)，and the silica content in the matrix sharply jumped from 3wt% to 79wt%. 27178912 8 63 theme recent 1423:1428 arg1 market 1441:1446 the recent commercial market 1419:1446 the recent commercial market 1419:1446 Moreover, the compressive strength of the composite aerogel prepared in this work greatly exceeded the conventional insulation materials found in the recent commercial market, and without substantial increases in thermal conductivity. 27178912 8 64 from increases 1473:1481 arg1 conductivity 1494:1505 thermal conductivity 1486:1505 thermal conductivity 1486:1505 Moreover, the compressive strength of the composite aerogel prepared in this work greatly exceeded the conventional insulation materials found in the recent commercial market, and without substantial increases in thermal conductivity. 27178912 6 65 theme surface 1068:1074 arg1 area 1076:1079 the surface area 1064:1079 the surface area of the composite aerogel 1064:1104 The porosities of the aerogels remained very high, between 85 and 96%, and the surface area of the composite aerogel reached up to 700.1m(2)g(-1). 27178912 7 66 theme aerogel 1180:1186 arg1 properties 1152:1161 The compression properties 1136:1161 The compression properties of the composite aerogel 1136:1186 The compression properties of the composite aerogel improved greatly compared with those of the silica aerogel, about 8-30 times higher. 27178912 1 67 theme -silica 136:142 arg1 aerogels 154:161 Monolithic cellulose nanofibrils (CNF)-silica composite aerogels 98:161 Monolithic cellulose nanofibrils (CNF)-silica composite aerogels 98:161 Monolithic cellulose nanofibrils (CNF)-silica composite aerogels were successfully prepared by immersing CNF aerogels into a silica solution in a two-step sol-gel process (initial hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) followed by condensation of silica particles). 27178912 5 68 theme aerogels 840:847 arg1 able 854:857 able 854:857 able 854:857 By varying the pH value of condensation atmosphere from 8 to 12, the bulk densities of composite aerogels were able to be linearly increased from 0.059gcm(-3) to 0.29gcm(-3)，and the silica content in the matrix sharply jumped from 3wt% to 79wt%. 27178912 5 68 theme aerogels 840:847 arg1 densities 817:825 the bulk densities 808:825 the bulk densities of composite aerogels 808:847 By varying the pH value of condensation atmosphere from 8 to 12, the bulk densities of composite aerogels were able to be linearly increased from 0.059gcm(-3) to 0.29gcm(-3)，and the silica content in the matrix sharply jumped from 3wt% to 79wt%. 27178912 3 69 theme individual 582:591 arg1 particles 593:601 the spherical individual particles 568:601 the spherical individual particles coated on CNF fibrils 568:623 The form of SiO2 existing in the composite aerogel was the spherical individual particles coated on CNF fibrils. 27178912 3 69 theme individual 582:591 arg1 form 517:520 The form 513:520 The form of SiO2 existing in the composite aerogel 513:562 The form of SiO2 existing in the composite aerogel was the spherical individual particles coated on CNF fibrils. 27178912 1 70 theme composite 144:152 arg1 aerogels 154:161 Monolithic cellulose nanofibrils (CNF)-silica composite aerogels 98:161 Monolithic cellulose nanofibrils (CNF)-silica composite aerogels 98:161 Monolithic cellulose nanofibrils (CNF)-silica composite aerogels were successfully prepared by immersing CNF aerogels into a silica solution in a two-step sol-gel process (initial hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) followed by condensation of silica particles). 27178912 5 71 theme bulk 812:815 arg1 able 854:857 able 854:857 able 854:857 By varying the pH value of condensation atmosphere from 8 to 12, the bulk densities of composite aerogels were able to be linearly increased from 0.059gcm(-3) to 0.29gcm(-3)，and the silica content in the matrix sharply jumped from 3wt% to 79wt%. 27178912 5 71 theme bulk 812:815 arg1 densities 817:825 the bulk densities 808:825 the bulk densities of composite aerogels 808:847 By varying the pH value of condensation atmosphere from 8 to 12, the bulk densities of composite aerogels were able to be linearly increased from 0.059gcm(-3) to 0.29gcm(-3)，and the silica content in the matrix sharply jumped from 3wt% to 79wt%. 27178912 0 72 theme cellulose 63:71 arg1 nanofibrils 73:83 cellulose nanofibrils 63:83 cellulose nanofibrils 63:83 Facilitated fabrication of high strength silica aerogels using cellulose nanofibrils as scaffold. 27178912 7 73 theme composite 1170:1178 arg1 aerogel 1180:1186 the composite aerogel 1166:1186 the composite aerogel 1166:1186 The compression properties of the composite aerogel improved greatly compared with those of the silica aerogel, about 8-30 times higher. 27178912 8 74 theme commercial 1430:1439 arg1 market 1441:1446 the recent commercial market 1419:1446 the recent commercial market 1419:1446 Moreover, the compressive strength of the composite aerogel prepared in this work greatly exceeded the conventional insulation materials found in the recent commercial market, and without substantial increases in thermal conductivity. 27178912 8 75 located found 1410:1414 arg2 materials 1400:1408 the conventional insulation materials 1372:1408 the conventional insulation materials found in the recent commercial market, and without substantial increases in thermal conductivity 1372:1505 Moreover, the compressive strength of the composite aerogel prepared in this work greatly exceeded the conventional insulation materials found in the recent commercial market, and without substantial increases in thermal conductivity. 27178912 8 75 located found 1410:1414 arg1 market 1441:1446 the recent commercial market 1419:1446 the recent commercial market 1419:1446 Moreover, the compressive strength of the composite aerogel prepared in this work greatly exceeded the conventional insulation materials found in the recent commercial market, and without substantial increases in thermal conductivity. 27178912 4 76 theme solution 655:662 arg1 value 633:637 The pH value 626:637 The pH value of condensation solution 626:662 The pH value of condensation solution was found to have great influence on the properties of the composite aerogels. 27178912 1 77 theme two-step 244:251 arg1 process 261:267 a two-step sol-gel process 242:267 a two-step sol-gel process 242:267 Monolithic cellulose nanofibrils (CNF)-silica composite aerogels were successfully prepared by immersing CNF aerogels into a silica solution in a two-step sol-gel process (initial hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) followed by condensation of silica particles). 26097134 0 0 theme Oxide 87:91 arg1 Films 107:111 Bioactive Natural Polymer/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Films 52:111 Bioactive Natural Polymer/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Films 52:111 Bioinspired, Ultrastrong, Highly Biocompatible, and Bioactive Natural Polymer/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Films. 26097134 1 1 theme large 317:321 arg1 scale 323:327 a large scale 315:327 a large scale 315:327 Tough and biocompatible nanocomposite films: A new type of bioinspired ultrastrong, highly biocompatible, and bioactive konjac glucomannan (KGM)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite film is fabricated on a large scale by a simple solution-casting method. 26097134 1 2 theme new 161:163 arg1 type 165:168 A new type 159:168 A new type of bioinspired ultrastrong, highly biocompatible, and bioactive konjac glucomannan (KGM)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite film 159:296 Tough and biocompatible nanocomposite films: A new type of bioinspired ultrastrong, highly biocompatible, and bioactive konjac glucomannan (KGM)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite film is fabricated on a large scale by a simple solution-casting method. 26097134 1 3 theme KGM 254:256 arg1 oxide 268:272 ultrastrong, highly biocompatible, and bioactive konjac glucomannan (KGM)/graphene oxide 185:272 bioinspired ultrastrong, highly biocompatible, and bioactive konjac glucomannan (KGM)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite film 173:296 Tough and biocompatible nanocomposite films: A new type of bioinspired ultrastrong, highly biocompatible, and bioactive konjac glucomannan (KGM)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite film is fabricated on a large scale by a simple solution-casting method. 26097134 0 4 theme Polymer/Graphene 70:85 arg1 Films 107:111 Bioactive Natural Polymer/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Films 52:111 Bioactive Natural Polymer/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Films 52:111 Bioinspired, Ultrastrong, Highly Biocompatible, and Bioactive Natural Polymer/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Films. 26097134 2 5 theme great 494:498 arg1 potential 500:508 great potential 494:508 great potential in the fields of tissue engineering and food package 494:561 Such KGM-GO composite films exhibit much enhanced mechanical properties under the strong hydrogen-bonding interactions, showing great potential in the fields of tissue engineering and food package. 26097134 2 6 theme tissue 527:532 arg1 engineering 534:544 tissue engineering 527:544 tissue engineering 527:544 Such KGM-GO composite films exhibit much enhanced mechanical properties under the strong hydrogen-bonding interactions, showing great potential in the fields of tissue engineering and food package. 26097134 1 7 theme /graphene 258:266 arg1 oxide 268:272 ultrastrong, highly biocompatible, and bioactive konjac glucomannan (KGM)/graphene oxide 185:272 bioinspired ultrastrong, highly biocompatible, and bioactive konjac glucomannan (KGM)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite film 173:296 Tough and biocompatible nanocomposite films: A new type of bioinspired ultrastrong, highly biocompatible, and bioactive konjac glucomannan (KGM)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite film is fabricated on a large scale by a simple solution-casting method. 26097134 0 8 theme Nanocomposite 93:105 arg1 Films 107:111 Bioactive Natural Polymer/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Films 52:111 Bioactive Natural Polymer/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Films 52:111 Bioinspired, Ultrastrong, Highly Biocompatible, and Bioactive Natural Polymer/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Films. 26097134 1 9 theme oxide 268:272 arg1 film 293:296 bioinspired ultrastrong, highly biocompatible, and bioactive konjac glucomannan (KGM)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite film 173:296 bioinspired ultrastrong, highly biocompatible, and bioactive konjac glucomannan (KGM)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite film 173:296 Tough and biocompatible nanocomposite films: A new type of bioinspired ultrastrong, highly biocompatible, and bioactive konjac glucomannan (KGM)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite film is fabricated on a large scale by a simple solution-casting method. 26097134 1 10 theme simple 334:339 arg1 method 358:363 a simple solution-casting method 332:363 a simple solution-casting method 332:363 Tough and biocompatible nanocomposite films: A new type of bioinspired ultrastrong, highly biocompatible, and bioactive konjac glucomannan (KGM)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite film is fabricated on a large scale by a simple solution-casting method. 26097134 2 11 theme Such 366:369 arg1 films 388:392 Such KGM-GO composite films 366:392 Such KGM-GO composite films 366:392 Such KGM-GO composite films exhibit much enhanced mechanical properties under the strong hydrogen-bonding interactions, showing great potential in the fields of tissue engineering and food package. 26097134 2 12 theme composite 378:386 arg1 films 388:392 Such KGM-GO composite films 366:392 Such KGM-GO composite films 366:392 Such KGM-GO composite films exhibit much enhanced mechanical properties under the strong hydrogen-bonding interactions, showing great potential in the fields of tissue engineering and food package. 26097134 1 13 theme solution-casting 341:356 arg1 method 358:363 a simple solution-casting method 332:363 a simple solution-casting method 332:363 Tough and biocompatible nanocomposite films: A new type of bioinspired ultrastrong, highly biocompatible, and bioactive konjac glucomannan (KGM)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite film is fabricated on a large scale by a simple solution-casting method. 26097134 1 14 theme bioinspired 173:183 arg1 film 293:296 bioinspired ultrastrong, highly biocompatible, and bioactive konjac glucomannan (KGM)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite film 173:296 bioinspired ultrastrong, highly biocompatible, and bioactive konjac glucomannan (KGM)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite film 173:296 Tough and biocompatible nanocomposite films: A new type of bioinspired ultrastrong, highly biocompatible, and bioactive konjac glucomannan (KGM)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite film is fabricated on a large scale by a simple solution-casting method. 26097134 1 15 theme ultrastrong 185:195 arg1 oxide 268:272 ultrastrong, highly biocompatible, and bioactive konjac glucomannan (KGM)/graphene oxide 185:272 bioinspired ultrastrong, highly biocompatible, and bioactive konjac glucomannan (KGM)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite film 173:296 Tough and biocompatible nanocomposite films: A new type of bioinspired ultrastrong, highly biocompatible, and bioactive konjac glucomannan (KGM)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite film is fabricated on a large scale by a simple solution-casting method. 26097134 2 16 theme package 555:561 arg1 fields 517:522 the fields 513:522 the fields of tissue engineering and food package 513:561 Such KGM-GO composite films exhibit much enhanced mechanical properties under the strong hydrogen-bonding interactions, showing great potential in the fields of tissue engineering and food package. 26097134 2 17 theme enhanced 407:414 arg1 properties 427:436 much enhanced mechanical properties 402:436 much enhanced mechanical properties 402:436 Such KGM-GO composite films exhibit much enhanced mechanical properties under the strong hydrogen-bonding interactions, showing great potential in the fields of tissue engineering and food package. 26097134 2 18 theme mechanical 416:425 arg1 properties 427:436 much enhanced mechanical properties 402:436 much enhanced mechanical properties 402:436 Such KGM-GO composite films exhibit much enhanced mechanical properties under the strong hydrogen-bonding interactions, showing great potential in the fields of tissue engineering and food package. 26097134 2 19 theme food 550:553 arg1 package 555:561 food package 550:561 food package 550:561 Such KGM-GO composite films exhibit much enhanced mechanical properties under the strong hydrogen-bonding interactions, showing great potential in the fields of tissue engineering and food package. 26097134 1 20 theme biocompatible 205:217 arg1 oxide 268:272 ultrastrong, highly biocompatible, and bioactive konjac glucomannan (KGM)/graphene oxide 185:272 bioinspired ultrastrong, highly biocompatible, and bioactive konjac glucomannan (KGM)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite film 173:296 Tough and biocompatible nanocomposite films: A new type of bioinspired ultrastrong, highly biocompatible, and bioactive konjac glucomannan (KGM)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite film is fabricated on a large scale by a simple solution-casting method. 26097134 1 21 theme nanocomposite 279:291 arg1 film 293:296 bioinspired ultrastrong, highly biocompatible, and bioactive konjac glucomannan (KGM)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite film 173:296 bioinspired ultrastrong, highly biocompatible, and bioactive konjac glucomannan (KGM)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite film 173:296 Tough and biocompatible nanocomposite films: A new type of bioinspired ultrastrong, highly biocompatible, and bioactive konjac glucomannan (KGM)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite film is fabricated on a large scale by a simple solution-casting method. 26097134 1 22 theme film 293:296 arg1 type 165:168 A new type 159:168 A new type of bioinspired ultrastrong, highly biocompatible, and bioactive konjac glucomannan (KGM)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite film 159:296 Tough and biocompatible nanocomposite films: A new type of bioinspired ultrastrong, highly biocompatible, and bioactive konjac glucomannan (KGM)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite film is fabricated on a large scale by a simple solution-casting method. 26097134 2 23 theme engineering 534:544 arg1 fields 517:522 the fields 513:522 the fields of tissue engineering and food package 513:561 Such KGM-GO composite films exhibit much enhanced mechanical properties under the strong hydrogen-bonding interactions, showing great potential in the fields of tissue engineering and food package. 26097134 2 24 theme hydrogen-bonding 455:470 arg1 interactions 472:483 the strong hydrogen-bonding interactions 444:483 the strong hydrogen-bonding interactions 444:483 Such KGM-GO composite films exhibit much enhanced mechanical properties under the strong hydrogen-bonding interactions, showing great potential in the fields of tissue engineering and food package. 26097134 2 25 from potential 500:508 arg1 fields 517:522 the fields 513:522 the fields of tissue engineering and food package 513:561 Such KGM-GO composite films exhibit much enhanced mechanical properties under the strong hydrogen-bonding interactions, showing great potential in the fields of tissue engineering and food package. 26097134 2 26 theme strong 448:453 arg1 interactions 472:483 the strong hydrogen-bonding interactions 444:483 the strong hydrogen-bonding interactions 444:483 Such KGM-GO composite films exhibit much enhanced mechanical properties under the strong hydrogen-bonding interactions, showing great potential in the fields of tissue engineering and food package. 26097134 1 27 theme biocompatible 124:136 arg1 films 152:156 biocompatible nanocomposite films 124:156 biocompatible nanocomposite films 124:156 Tough and biocompatible nanocomposite films: A new type of bioinspired ultrastrong, highly biocompatible, and bioactive konjac glucomannan (KGM)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite film is fabricated on a large scale by a simple solution-casting method. 26097134 1 28 dep oxide 268:272 arg1 GO 275:276 GO 275:276 GO 275:276 Tough and biocompatible nanocomposite films: A new type of bioinspired ultrastrong, highly biocompatible, and bioactive konjac glucomannan (KGM)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite film is fabricated on a large scale by a simple solution-casting method. 26097134 1 29 theme nanocomposite 138:150 arg1 films 152:156 biocompatible nanocomposite films 124:156 biocompatible nanocomposite films 124:156 Tough and biocompatible nanocomposite films: A new type of bioinspired ultrastrong, highly biocompatible, and bioactive konjac glucomannan (KGM)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite film is fabricated on a large scale by a simple solution-casting method. 26097134 1 30 theme bioactive 224:232 arg1 oxide 268:272 ultrastrong, highly biocompatible, and bioactive konjac glucomannan (KGM)/graphene oxide 185:272 bioinspired ultrastrong, highly biocompatible, and bioactive konjac glucomannan (KGM)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite film 173:296 Tough and biocompatible nanocomposite films: A new type of bioinspired ultrastrong, highly biocompatible, and bioactive konjac glucomannan (KGM)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite film is fabricated on a large scale by a simple solution-casting method. 26097134 1 31 theme konjac 234:239 arg1 oxide 268:272 ultrastrong, highly biocompatible, and bioactive konjac glucomannan (KGM)/graphene oxide 185:272 bioinspired ultrastrong, highly biocompatible, and bioactive konjac glucomannan (KGM)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite film 173:296 Tough and biocompatible nanocomposite films: A new type of bioinspired ultrastrong, highly biocompatible, and bioactive konjac glucomannan (KGM)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite film is fabricated on a large scale by a simple solution-casting method. 26097134 0 32 theme Natural 62:68 arg1 Films 107:111 Bioactive Natural Polymer/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Films 52:111 Bioactive Natural Polymer/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Films 52:111 Bioinspired, Ultrastrong, Highly Biocompatible, and Bioactive Natural Polymer/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Films. 26097134 2 33 theme KGM-GO 371:376 arg1 films 388:392 Such KGM-GO composite films 366:392 Such KGM-GO composite films 366:392 Such KGM-GO composite films exhibit much enhanced mechanical properties under the strong hydrogen-bonding interactions, showing great potential in the fields of tissue engineering and food package. 26097134 1 34 theme glucomannan 241:251 arg1 oxide 268:272 ultrastrong, highly biocompatible, and bioactive konjac glucomannan (KGM)/graphene oxide 185:272 bioinspired ultrastrong, highly biocompatible, and bioactive konjac glucomannan (KGM)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite film 173:296 Tough and biocompatible nanocomposite films: A new type of bioinspired ultrastrong, highly biocompatible, and bioactive konjac glucomannan (KGM)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite film is fabricated on a large scale by a simple solution-casting method. 26097134 0 35 theme Bioactive 52:60 arg1 Films 107:111 Bioactive Natural Polymer/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Films 52:111 Bioactive Natural Polymer/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Films 52:111 Bioinspired, Ultrastrong, Highly Biocompatible, and Bioactive Natural Polymer/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Films. 26097134 1 36 dep Tough 114:118 arg1 fabricated 301:310 fabricated 301:310 is fabricated on a large scale by a simple solution-casting method 298:363 Tough and biocompatible nanocomposite films: A new type of bioinspired ultrastrong, highly biocompatible, and bioactive konjac glucomannan (KGM)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite film is fabricated on a large scale by a simple solution-casting method. 27434410 2 0 theme copper 506:511 arg1 reaction 553:560 a heterogeneous copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction 490:560 a heterogeneous copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction 490:560 Their synthesis was designed as a three-step procedure combining polyester synthesis and surface-modification of CNCs with simultaneous polyester grafting via a heterogeneous copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. 27434410 7 1 theme compatibilization/reinforcement 1329:1359 arg1 agents 1361:1366 compatibilization/reinforcement agents 1329:1366 compatibilization/reinforcement agents for PLA/PBS blends 1329:1385 The as-obtained binary homopolymer brushes tethered to nanoparticles makes these surface-modified cellulosic nanomaterials attractive as compatibilization/reinforcement agents for PLA/PBS blends. 27434410 7 2 theme as-obtained 1196:1206 arg1 brushes 1227:1233 The as-obtained binary homopolymer brushes 1192:1233 The as-obtained binary homopolymer brushes tethered to nanoparticles 1192:1259 The as-obtained binary homopolymer brushes tethered to nanoparticles makes these surface-modified cellulosic nanomaterials attractive as compatibilization/reinforcement agents for PLA/PBS blends. 27434410 5 3 theme homopolyester 949:961 arg1 crystallization 963:977 impeded homopolyester crystallization 941:977 impeded homopolyester crystallization 941:977 Spectroscopic analyses suggested "rippled" microphase separation of both immiscible homopolyesters in the mixed brushes, while others showed impeded homopolyester crystallization after surface-grafting. 27434410 2 4 theme heterogeneous 492:504 arg1 reaction 553:560 a heterogeneous copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction 490:560 a heterogeneous copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction 490:560 Their synthesis was designed as a three-step procedure combining polyester synthesis and surface-modification of CNCs with simultaneous polyester grafting via a heterogeneous copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. 27434410 7 5 theme binary 1208:1213 arg1 brushes 1227:1233 The as-obtained binary homopolymer brushes 1192:1233 The as-obtained binary homopolymer brushes tethered to nanoparticles 1192:1259 The as-obtained binary homopolymer brushes tethered to nanoparticles makes these surface-modified cellulosic nanomaterials attractive as compatibilization/reinforcement agents for PLA/PBS blends. 27434410 6 6 theme char 1176:1179 arg1 formation 1181:1189 char formation 1176:1189 char formation 1176:1189 A synergistic relationship between the polyesters and CNCs was also suggested, i.e., the polyester grafting increases the CNC thermal resistance, while CNC presence imparts char formation. 27434410 0 7 theme Polyester 99:107 arg1 Blends 109:114 Compatibilized Polyester Blends 84:114 Compatibilized Polyester Blends 84:114 Binary Mixed Homopolymer Brushes Tethered to Cellulose Nanocrystals: A Step Towards Compatibilized Polyester Blends. 27434410 5 8 theme impeded 941:947 arg1 crystallization 963:977 impeded homopolyester crystallization 941:977 impeded homopolyester crystallization 941:977 Spectroscopic analyses suggested "rippled" microphase separation of both immiscible homopolyesters in the mixed brushes, while others showed impeded homopolyester crystallization after surface-grafting. 27434410 4 9 theme thermal 780:786 arg1 properties 788:797 thermal properties 780:797 thermal properties 780:797 The hairy nanoparticles were characterized in terms of chemical composition and thermal properties. 27434410 0 10 theme Compatibilized 84:97 arg1 Blends 109:114 Compatibilized Polyester Blends 84:114 Compatibilized Polyester Blends 84:114 Binary Mixed Homopolymer Brushes Tethered to Cellulose Nanocrystals: A Step Towards Compatibilized Polyester Blends. 27434410 2 11 theme -catalyzed 515:524 arg1 reaction 553:560 a heterogeneous copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction 490:560 a heterogeneous copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction 490:560 Their synthesis was designed as a three-step procedure combining polyester synthesis and surface-modification of CNCs with simultaneous polyester grafting via a heterogeneous copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. 27434410 2 12 theme three-step 365:374 arg1 procedure 376:384 a three-step procedure 363:384 a three-step procedure combining polyester synthesis and surface-modification of CNCs with simultaneous polyester grafting via a heterogeneous copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction 363:560 Their synthesis was designed as a three-step procedure combining polyester synthesis and surface-modification of CNCs with simultaneous polyester grafting via a heterogeneous copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. 27434410 2 12 theme three-step 365:374 arg1 synthesis 337:345 Their synthesis 331:345 Their synthesis 331:345 Their synthesis was designed as a three-step procedure combining polyester synthesis and surface-modification of CNCs with simultaneous polyester grafting via a heterogeneous copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. 27434410 6 13 theme CNC 1155:1157 arg1 presence 1159:1166 CNC presence 1155:1166 CNC presence 1155:1166 A synergistic relationship between the polyesters and CNCs was also suggested, i.e., the polyester grafting increases the CNC thermal resistance, while CNC presence imparts char formation. 27434410 2 14 theme polyester 467:475 arg1 grafting 477:484 simultaneous polyester grafting 454:484 simultaneous polyester grafting 454:484 Their synthesis was designed as a three-step procedure combining polyester synthesis and surface-modification of CNCs with simultaneous polyester grafting via a heterogeneous copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. 27434410 5 15 from separation 854:863 arg1 brushes 912:918 the mixed brushes 902:918 the mixed brushes 902:918 Spectroscopic analyses suggested "rippled" microphase separation of both immiscible homopolyesters in the mixed brushes, while others showed impeded homopolyester crystallization after surface-grafting. 27434410 2 16 theme simultaneous 454:465 arg1 grafting 477:484 simultaneous polyester grafting 454:484 simultaneous polyester grafting 454:484 Their synthesis was designed as a three-step procedure combining polyester synthesis and surface-modification of CNCs with simultaneous polyester grafting via a heterogeneous copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. 27434410 7 17 theme cellulosic 1290:1299 arg1 nanomaterials 1301:1313 these surface-modified cellulosic nanomaterials 1267:1313 these surface-modified cellulosic nanomaterials 1267:1313 The as-obtained binary homopolymer brushes tethered to nanoparticles makes these surface-modified cellulosic nanomaterials attractive as compatibilization/reinforcement agents for PLA/PBS blends. 27434410 0 18 theme Mixed 7:11 arg1 Brushes 25:31 Binary Mixed Homopolymer Brushes 0:31 Binary Mixed Homopolymer Brushes Tethered to Cellulose Nanocrystals: A Step Towards Compatibilized Polyester Blends. 0:115 Binary Mixed Homopolymer Brushes Tethered to Cellulose Nanocrystals: A Step Towards Compatibilized Polyester Blends. 27434410 5 19 theme mixed 906:910 arg1 brushes 912:918 the mixed brushes 902:918 the mixed brushes 902:918 Spectroscopic analyses suggested "rippled" microphase separation of both immiscible homopolyesters in the mixed brushes, while others showed impeded homopolyester crystallization after surface-grafting. 27434410 3 20 theme homopolymer 586:596 arg1 brushes 598:604 single homopolymer brushes 579:604 single homopolymer brushes tethered to CNCs (PLLA-g-CNC and PBSBDEMPAM-g-CNC) 579:655 For comparison, single homopolymer brushes tethered to CNCs (PLLA-g-CNC and PBSBDEMPAM-g-CNC) were obtained applying the same procedure. 27434410 1 21 theme cellulose 192:200 arg1 CNCs 216:219 CNCs 216:219 CNCs 216:219 This article reports on the successful preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) surface-modified with polylactide (PLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) binary mixed homopolymer brushes. 27434410 1 21 theme cellulose 192:200 arg1 nanocrystals 202:213 cellulose nanocrystals 192:213 cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) surface-modified with polylactide (PLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) binary mixed homopolymer brushes 192:328 This article reports on the successful preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) surface-modified with polylactide (PLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) binary mixed homopolymer brushes. 27434410 0 22 theme Binary 0:5 arg1 Brushes 25:31 Binary Mixed Homopolymer Brushes 0:31 Binary Mixed Homopolymer Brushes Tethered to Cellulose Nanocrystals: A Step Towards Compatibilized Polyester Blends. 0:115 Binary Mixed Homopolymer Brushes Tethered to Cellulose Nanocrystals: A Step Towards Compatibilized Polyester Blends. 27434410 1 23 theme butylene 271:278 arg1 poly 266:269 poly 266:269 poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) 266:295 This article reports on the successful preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) surface-modified with polylactide (PLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) binary mixed homopolymer brushes. 27434410 1 23 theme butylene 271:278 arg1 succinate 280:288 butylene succinate 271:288 butylene succinate 271:288 This article reports on the successful preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) surface-modified with polylactide (PLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) binary mixed homopolymer brushes. 27434410 6 24 theme synergistic 1005:1015 arg1 relationship 1017:1028 A synergistic relationship 1003:1028 A synergistic relationship between the polyesters and CNCs 1003:1060 A synergistic relationship between the polyesters and CNCs was also suggested, i.e., the polyester grafting increases the CNC thermal resistance, while CNC presence imparts char formation. 27434410 4 25 theme composition 764:774 arg1 terms 746:750 terms 746:750 terms of chemical composition and thermal properties 746:797 The hairy nanoparticles were characterized in terms of chemical composition and thermal properties. 27434410 1 26 theme nanocrystals 202:213 arg1 characterization 172:187 characterization 172:187 characterization 172:187 This article reports on the successful preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) surface-modified with polylactide (PLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) binary mixed homopolymer brushes. 27434410 1 26 theme nanocrystals 202:213 arg1 preparation 156:166 the successful preparation 141:166 the successful preparation 141:166 This article reports on the successful preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) surface-modified with polylactide (PLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) binary mixed homopolymer brushes. 27434410 2 27 theme CNCs 444:447 arg1 synthesis 406:414 polyester synthesis 396:414 polyester synthesis 396:414 Their synthesis was designed as a three-step procedure combining polyester synthesis and surface-modification of CNCs with simultaneous polyester grafting via a heterogeneous copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. 27434410 2 27 theme CNCs 444:447 arg1 surface-modification 420:439 surface-modification 420:439 surface-modification 420:439 Their synthesis was designed as a three-step procedure combining polyester synthesis and surface-modification of CNCs with simultaneous polyester grafting via a heterogeneous copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. 27434410 4 28 theme properties 788:797 arg1 terms 746:750 terms 746:750 terms of chemical composition and thermal properties 746:797 The hairy nanoparticles were characterized in terms of chemical composition and thermal properties. 27434410 5 29 theme homopolyesters 884:897 arg1 separation 854:863 separation 854:863 separation of both immiscible homopolyesters in the mixed brushes 854:918 Spectroscopic analyses suggested "rippled" microphase separation of both immiscible homopolyesters in the mixed brushes, while others showed impeded homopolyester crystallization after surface-grafting. 27434410 0 30 theme Homopolymer 13:23 arg1 Brushes 25:31 Binary Mixed Homopolymer Brushes 0:31 Binary Mixed Homopolymer Brushes Tethered to Cellulose Nanocrystals: A Step Towards Compatibilized Polyester Blends. 0:115 Binary Mixed Homopolymer Brushes Tethered to Cellulose Nanocrystals: A Step Towards Compatibilized Polyester Blends. 27434410 1 31 with surface-modified 222:237 arg1 PLA 257:259 PLA 257:259 PLA 257:259 This article reports on the successful preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) surface-modified with polylactide (PLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) binary mixed homopolymer brushes. 27434410 1 31 with surface-modified 222:237 arg1 poly 266:269 poly 266:269 poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) 266:295 This article reports on the successful preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) surface-modified with polylactide (PLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) binary mixed homopolymer brushes. 27434410 1 31 with surface-modified 222:237 arg1 polylactide 244:254 polylactide 244:254 polylactide (PLA) 244:260 This article reports on the successful preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) surface-modified with polylactide (PLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) binary mixed homopolymer brushes. 27434410 1 31 with surface-modified 222:237 arg1 PBS 292:294 PBS 292:294 PBS 292:294 This article reports on the successful preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) surface-modified with polylactide (PLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) binary mixed homopolymer brushes. 27434410 1 31 with surface-modified 222:237 arg1 succinate 280:288 butylene succinate 271:288 butylene succinate 271:288 This article reports on the successful preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) surface-modified with polylactide (PLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) binary mixed homopolymer brushes. 27434410 3 32 theme single 579:584 arg1 brushes 598:604 single homopolymer brushes 579:604 single homopolymer brushes tethered to CNCs (PLLA-g-CNC and PBSBDEMPAM-g-CNC) 579:655 For comparison, single homopolymer brushes tethered to CNCs (PLLA-g-CNC and PBSBDEMPAM-g-CNC) were obtained applying the same procedure. 27434410 6 33 theme CNC 1125:1127 arg1 resistance 1137:1146 the CNC thermal resistance 1121:1146 the CNC thermal resistance 1121:1146 A synergistic relationship between the polyesters and CNCs was also suggested, i.e., the polyester grafting increases the CNC thermal resistance, while CNC presence imparts char formation. 27434410 5 34 dep suggested 823:831 arg1 microphase 843:852 microphase 843:852 microphase 843:852 Spectroscopic analyses suggested "rippled" microphase separation of both immiscible homopolyesters in the mixed brushes, while others showed impeded homopolyester crystallization after surface-grafting. 27434410 7 35 theme surface-modified 1273:1288 arg1 nanomaterials 1301:1313 these surface-modified cellulosic nanomaterials 1267:1313 these surface-modified cellulosic nanomaterials 1267:1313 The as-obtained binary homopolymer brushes tethered to nanoparticles makes these surface-modified cellulosic nanomaterials attractive as compatibilization/reinforcement agents for PLA/PBS blends. 27434410 0 36 theme Tethered 33:40 arg1 Brushes 25:31 Binary Mixed Homopolymer Brushes 0:31 Binary Mixed Homopolymer Brushes Tethered to Cellulose Nanocrystals: A Step Towards Compatibilized Polyester Blends. 0:115 Binary Mixed Homopolymer Brushes Tethered to Cellulose Nanocrystals: A Step Towards Compatibilized Polyester Blends. 27434410 5 37 theme rippled 834:840 arg1 " 841:841 "rippled" 833:841 "rippled" 833:841 Spectroscopic analyses suggested "rippled" microphase separation of both immiscible homopolyesters in the mixed brushes, while others showed impeded homopolyester crystallization after surface-grafting. 27434410 2 38 with CNCs 444:447 arg1 grafting 477:484 simultaneous polyester grafting 454:484 simultaneous polyester grafting 454:484 Their synthesis was designed as a three-step procedure combining polyester synthesis and surface-modification of CNCs with simultaneous polyester grafting via a heterogeneous copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. 27434410 2 39 theme polyester 396:404 arg1 synthesis 406:414 polyester synthesis 396:414 polyester synthesis 396:414 Their synthesis was designed as a three-step procedure combining polyester synthesis and surface-modification of CNCs with simultaneous polyester grafting via a heterogeneous copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. 27434410 7 40 theme homopolymer 1215:1225 arg1 brushes 1227:1233 The as-obtained binary homopolymer brushes 1192:1233 The as-obtained binary homopolymer brushes tethered to nanoparticles 1192:1259 The as-obtained binary homopolymer brushes tethered to nanoparticles makes these surface-modified cellulosic nanomaterials attractive as compatibilization/reinforcement agents for PLA/PBS blends. 27434410 2 41 theme cycloaddition 539:551 arg1 reaction 553:560 a heterogeneous copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction 490:560 a heterogeneous copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction 490:560 Their synthesis was designed as a three-step procedure combining polyester synthesis and surface-modification of CNCs with simultaneous polyester grafting via a heterogeneous copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. 27434410 1 42 dep polylactide 244:254 arg1 brushes 322:328 binary mixed homopolymer brushes 297:328 binary mixed homopolymer brushes 297:328 This article reports on the successful preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) surface-modified with polylactide (PLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) binary mixed homopolymer brushes. 27434410 0 43 theme Cellulose 45:53 arg1 Nanocrystals 55:66 Cellulose Nanocrystals 45:66 Cellulose Nanocrystals 45:66 Binary Mixed Homopolymer Brushes Tethered to Cellulose Nanocrystals: A Step Towards Compatibilized Polyester Blends. 27434410 1 44 theme binary 297:302 arg1 brushes 322:328 binary mixed homopolymer brushes 297:328 binary mixed homopolymer brushes 297:328 This article reports on the successful preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) surface-modified with polylactide (PLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) binary mixed homopolymer brushes. 27434410 1 45 theme mixed 304:308 arg1 brushes 322:328 binary mixed homopolymer brushes 297:328 binary mixed homopolymer brushes 297:328 This article reports on the successful preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) surface-modified with polylactide (PLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) binary mixed homopolymer brushes. 27434410 6 46 dep polyesters 1042:1051 arg1 the 1038:1040 the 1038:1040 the 1038:1040 A synergistic relationship between the polyesters and CNCs was also suggested, i.e., the polyester grafting increases the CNC thermal resistance, while CNC presence imparts char formation. 27434410 0 47 dep Brushes 25:31 arg1 Step 71:74 A Step 69:74 Binary Mixed Homopolymer Brushes Tethered to Cellulose Nanocrystals: A Step Towards Compatibilized Polyester Blends. 0:115 Binary Mixed Homopolymer Brushes Tethered to Cellulose Nanocrystals: A Step Towards Compatibilized Polyester Blends. 27434410 4 48 theme hairy 704:708 arg1 nanoparticles 710:722 The hairy nanoparticles 700:722 The hairy nanoparticles 700:722 The hairy nanoparticles were characterized in terms of chemical composition and thermal properties. 27434410 4 49 theme chemical 755:762 arg1 composition 764:774 chemical composition 755:774 chemical composition 755:774 The hairy nanoparticles were characterized in terms of chemical composition and thermal properties. 27434410 3 50 theme same 684:687 arg1 procedure 689:697 the same procedure 680:697 the same procedure 680:697 For comparison, single homopolymer brushes tethered to CNCs (PLLA-g-CNC and PBSBDEMPAM-g-CNC) were obtained applying the same procedure. 27434410 3 51 dep CNCs 618:621 arg1 CNCs 618:621 CNCs 618:621 CNCs (PLLA-g-CNC and PBSBDEMPAM-g-CNC) 618:655 For comparison, single homopolymer brushes tethered to CNCs (PLLA-g-CNC and PBSBDEMPAM-g-CNC) were obtained applying the same procedure. 27434410 3 51 dep CNCs 618:621 arg1 PBSBDEMPAM-g-CNC 639:654 PBSBDEMPAM-g-CNC 639:654 PBSBDEMPAM-g-CNC 639:654 For comparison, single homopolymer brushes tethered to CNCs (PLLA-g-CNC and PBSBDEMPAM-g-CNC) were obtained applying the same procedure. 27434410 3 51 dep CNCs 618:621 arg1 PLLA-g-CNC 624:633 PLLA-g-CNC 624:633 PLLA-g-CNC 624:633 For comparison, single homopolymer brushes tethered to CNCs (PLLA-g-CNC and PBSBDEMPAM-g-CNC) were obtained applying the same procedure. 27434410 6 52 theme polyester 1092:1100 arg1 grafting 1102:1109 the polyester grafting 1088:1109 the polyester grafting 1088:1109 A synergistic relationship between the polyesters and CNCs was also suggested, i.e., the polyester grafting increases the CNC thermal resistance, while CNC presence imparts char formation. 27434410 1 53 theme surface-modified 222:237 arg1 CNCs 216:219 CNCs 216:219 CNCs 216:219 This article reports on the successful preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) surface-modified with polylactide (PLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) binary mixed homopolymer brushes. 27434410 1 53 theme surface-modified 222:237 arg1 nanocrystals 202:213 cellulose nanocrystals 192:213 cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) surface-modified with polylactide (PLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) binary mixed homopolymer brushes 192:328 This article reports on the successful preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) surface-modified with polylactide (PLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) binary mixed homopolymer brushes. 27434410 6 54 theme thermal 1129:1135 arg1 resistance 1137:1146 the CNC thermal resistance 1121:1146 the CNC thermal resistance 1121:1146 A synergistic relationship between the polyesters and CNCs was also suggested, i.e., the polyester grafting increases the CNC thermal resistance, while CNC presence imparts char formation. 27434410 7 55 theme PLA/PBS 1372:1378 arg1 blends 1380:1385 PLA/PBS blends 1372:1385 PLA/PBS blends 1372:1385 The as-obtained binary homopolymer brushes tethered to nanoparticles makes these surface-modified cellulosic nanomaterials attractive as compatibilization/reinforcement agents for PLA/PBS blends. 27434410 5 56 theme Spectroscopic 800:812 arg1 analyses 814:821 Spectroscopic analyses 800:821 Spectroscopic analyses 800:821 Spectroscopic analyses suggested "rippled" microphase separation of both immiscible homopolyesters in the mixed brushes, while others showed impeded homopolyester crystallization after surface-grafting. 27434410 1 57 theme homopolymer 310:320 arg1 brushes 322:328 binary mixed homopolymer brushes 297:328 binary mixed homopolymer brushes 297:328 This article reports on the successful preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) surface-modified with polylactide (PLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) binary mixed homopolymer brushes. 27434410 5 58 theme immiscible 873:882 arg1 homopolyesters 884:897 both immiscible homopolyesters 868:897 both immiscible homopolyesters 868:897 Spectroscopic analyses suggested "rippled" microphase separation of both immiscible homopolyesters in the mixed brushes, while others showed impeded homopolyester crystallization after surface-grafting. 27434410 1 59 theme successful 145:154 arg1 preparation 156:166 the successful preparation 141:166 the successful preparation 141:166 This article reports on the successful preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) surface-modified with polylactide (PLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) binary mixed homopolymer brushes. 27434410 2 60 theme azide-alkyne 526:537 arg1 reaction 553:560 a heterogeneous copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction 490:560 a heterogeneous copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction 490:560 Their synthesis was designed as a three-step procedure combining polyester synthesis and surface-modification of CNCs with simultaneous polyester grafting via a heterogeneous copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. 27340221 3 0 theme seed 480:483 arg1 analysis 498:505 Single seed transmission analysis 473:505 Single seed transmission analysis in the long wavelength (LW) near-infrared (NIR) region 473:560 Single seed transmission analysis in the long wavelength (LW) near-infrared (NIR) region is one area that might benefit from a brighter light source such as the supercontinuum laser. 27340221 7 1 theme 2235-2381 nm 1373:1384 arg1 range 1364:1368 the range 1360:1368 the range of 2235-2381 nm 1360:1384 In the present study, 350 seeds (consisting of 70 seeds from each of five barley genotypes) in 1 mm slices were measured by NIR transmission in the range of 2235-2381 nm and oils from the same five barley genotypes were measured in a cuvette with a 1 mm path length in the range of 2003-2497 nm. 27340221 9 2 theme barley 1767:1772 arg1 oils 1774:1777 the barley oils 1763:1777 the barley oils 1763:1777 The spectral variations of the barley oils were compared to the fatty acid compositions as measured using gas chromotography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 27340221 8 3 theme principal 1590:1598 arg1 analysis 1610:1617 principal component analysis 1590:1617 principal component analysis 1590:1617 The spectra of the barley seeds could be classified according to genotypes by principal component analysis; and spectral covariances with reference analysis of moisture, β-glucan, starch, protein and lipid were established. 27340221 7 4 theme 1 mm 1311:1314 arg1 slices 1316:1321 1 mm slices 1311:1321 1 mm slices 1311:1321 In the present study, 350 seeds (consisting of 70 seeds from each of five barley genotypes) in 1 mm slices were measured by NIR transmission in the range of 2235-2381 nm and oils from the same five barley genotypes were measured in a cuvette with a 1 mm path length in the range of 2003-2497 nm. 27340221 6 5 theme NIR 1178:1180 arg1 spectroscopy 1182:1193 NIR spectroscopy 1178:1193 NIR spectroscopy in reflectance mode 1178:1213 However, the region in the range of 2260-2380 nm has previously shown to be particularly useful in differentiating barley phenotypes using NIR spectroscopy in reflectance mode. 27340221 3 6 theme near-infrared 535:547 arg1 region 555:560 the long wavelength (LW) near-infrared (NIR) region 510:560 the long wavelength (LW) near-infrared (NIR) region 510:560 Single seed transmission analysis in the long wavelength (LW) near-infrared (NIR) region is one area that might benefit from a brighter light source such as the supercontinuum laser. 27340221 1 7 theme light 180:184 arg1 source 186:191 light source 180:191 light source 180:191 The supercontinuum laser is a new type of light source, which combines the collimation and intensity of a laser with the broad spectral region of a lamp. 27340221 9 8 theme fatty 1800:1804 arg1 compositions 1811:1822 the fatty acid compositions 1796:1822 the fatty acid compositions as measured using gas chromotography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 1796:1885 The spectral variations of the barley oils were compared to the fatty acid compositions as measured using gas chromotography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 27340221 7 9 with cuvette 1450:1456 arg1 length 1475:1480 a 1 mm path length 1463:1480 a 1 mm path length in the range of 2003-2497 nm 1463:1509 In the present study, 350 seeds (consisting of 70 seeds from each of five barley genotypes) in 1 mm slices were measured by NIR transmission in the range of 2235-2381 nm and oils from the same five barley genotypes were measured in a cuvette with a 1 mm path length in the range of 2003-2497 nm. 27340221 5 10 theme short 1000:1004 arg1 region 1017:1022 the short wavelength region 996:1022 the short wavelength region up to 1100 nm 996:1036 So far, barley and wheat seeds have only been studied using NIR transmission in the short wavelength region up to 1100 nm. 27340221 7 11 theme barley 1290:1295 arg1 genotypes 1297:1305 five barley genotypes 1285:1305 five barley genotypes 1285:1305 In the present study, 350 seeds (consisting of 70 seeds from each of five barley genotypes) in 1 mm slices were measured by NIR transmission in the range of 2235-2381 nm and oils from the same five barley genotypes were measured in a cuvette with a 1 mm path length in the range of 2003-2497 nm. 27340221 4 12 from experiments 882:892 arg1 region 908:913 the LW NIR region 897:913 the LW NIR region 897:913 This study is aimed at building an experimental spectrometer consisting of a supercontinuum laser source and a dispersive monochromator in order to investigate its capability to measure the barley endosperm using transmission experiments in the LW NIR region. 27340221 4 13 theme barley 846:851 arg1 endosperm 853:861 the barley endosperm 842:861 the barley endosperm 842:861 This study is aimed at building an experimental spectrometer consisting of a supercontinuum laser source and a dispersive monochromator in order to investigate its capability to measure the barley endosperm using transmission experiments in the LW NIR region. 27340221 1 14 dep collimation 213:223 arg1 the 209:211 the 209:211 the 209:211 The supercontinuum laser is a new type of light source, which combines the collimation and intensity of a laser with the broad spectral region of a lamp. 27340221 6 15 theme barley 1154:1159 arg1 phenotypes 1161:1170 barley phenotypes 1154:1170 barley phenotypes using NIR spectroscopy in reflectance mode 1154:1213 However, the region in the range of 2260-2380 nm has previously shown to be particularly useful in differentiating barley phenotypes using NIR spectroscopy in reflectance mode. 27340221 5 16 theme NIR 976:978 arg1 transmission 980:991 NIR transmission 976:991 NIR transmission in the short wavelength region up to 1100 nm 976:1036 So far, barley and wheat seeds have only been studied using NIR transmission in the short wavelength region up to 1100 nm. 27340221 8 17 theme reference 1650:1658 arg1 analysis 1660:1667 reference analysis 1650:1667 reference analysis of moisture, β-glucan, starch, protein and lipid 1650:1716 The spectra of the barley seeds could be classified according to genotypes by principal component analysis; and spectral covariances with reference analysis of moisture, β-glucan, starch, protein and lipid were established. 27340221 9 18 theme gas 1842:1844 arg1 spectrometry 1866:1877 gas chromotography-mass spectrometry 1842:1877 gas chromotography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 1842:1885 The spectral variations of the barley oils were compared to the fatty acid compositions as measured using gas chromotography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 27340221 9 18 theme gas 1842:1844 arg1 GC-MS 1880:1884 GC-MS 1880:1884 GC-MS 1880:1884 The spectral variations of the barley oils were compared to the fatty acid compositions as measured using gas chromotography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 27340221 7 19 from genotypes 1421:1429 arg1 oils 1390:1393 oils 1390:1393 oils from the same five barley genotypes 1390:1429 In the present study, 350 seeds (consisting of 70 seeds from each of five barley genotypes) in 1 mm slices were measured by NIR transmission in the range of 2235-2381 nm and oils from the same five barley genotypes were measured in a cuvette with a 1 mm path length in the range of 2003-2497 nm. 27340221 0 20 theme Wavelength 77:86 arg1 Spectra 101:107 Long Wavelength Transmission Spectra 72:107 Long Wavelength Transmission Spectra of Barley Endosperm and Oil 72:135 Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Using a Supercontinuum Laser: Application to Long Wavelength Transmission Spectra of Barley Endosperm and Oil. 27340221 3 21 dep near-infrared 535:547 arg1 NIR 550:552 NIR 550:552 NIR 550:552 Single seed transmission analysis in the long wavelength (LW) near-infrared (NIR) region is one area that might benefit from a brighter light source such as the supercontinuum laser. 27340221 4 22 theme NIR 904:906 arg1 region 908:913 the LW NIR region 897:913 the LW NIR region 897:913 This study is aimed at building an experimental spectrometer consisting of a supercontinuum laser source and a dispersive monochromator in order to investigate its capability to measure the barley endosperm using transmission experiments in the LW NIR region. 27340221 2 23 dep either 428:433 arg1 rapid 435:439 rapid 435:439 rapid 435:439 Using such a source therefore makes it possible to focus the light onto small sample areas without losing intensity and thus facilitate either rapid or high-intensity measurements. 27340221 0 24 theme Barley 112:117 arg1 Endosperm 119:127 Barley Endosperm 112:127 Barley Endosperm 112:127 Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Using a Supercontinuum Laser: Application to Long Wavelength Transmission Spectra of Barley Endosperm and Oil. 27340221 0 25 theme Near-Infrared 0:12 arg1 Spectroscopy 14:25 Near-Infrared Spectroscopy 0:25 Near-Infrared Spectroscopy 0:25 Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Using a Supercontinuum Laser: Application to Long Wavelength Transmission Spectra of Barley Endosperm and Oil. 27340221 1 26 theme spectral 265:272 arg1 region 274:279 the broad spectral region 255:279 the broad spectral region of a lamp 255:289 The supercontinuum laser is a new type of light source, which combines the collimation and intensity of a laser with the broad spectral region of a lamp. 27340221 2 27 theme small 364:368 arg1 areas 377:381 small sample areas 364:381 small sample areas 364:381 Using such a source therefore makes it possible to focus the light onto small sample areas without losing intensity and thus facilitate either rapid or high-intensity measurements. 27340221 0 28 theme Supercontinuum 35:48 arg1 Laser 50:54 a Supercontinuum Laser 33:54 a Supercontinuum Laser 33:54 Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Using a Supercontinuum Laser: Application to Long Wavelength Transmission Spectra of Barley Endosperm and Oil. 27340221 7 29 theme barley 1414:1419 arg1 genotypes 1421:1429 the same five barley genotypes 1400:1429 the same five barley genotypes 1400:1429 In the present study, 350 seeds (consisting of 70 seeds from each of five barley genotypes) in 1 mm slices were measured by NIR transmission in the range of 2235-2381 nm and oils from the same five barley genotypes were measured in a cuvette with a 1 mm path length in the range of 2003-2497 nm. 27340221 1 30 theme lamp 286:289 arg1 region 274:279 the broad spectral region 255:279 the broad spectral region of a lamp 255:289 The supercontinuum laser is a new type of light source, which combines the collimation and intensity of a laser with the broad spectral region of a lamp. 27340221 7 31 theme same 1404:1407 arg1 genotypes 1421:1429 the same five barley genotypes 1400:1429 the same five barley genotypes 1400:1429 In the present study, 350 seeds (consisting of 70 seeds from each of five barley genotypes) in 1 mm slices were measured by NIR transmission in the range of 2235-2381 nm and oils from the same five barley genotypes were measured in a cuvette with a 1 mm path length in the range of 2003-2497 nm. 27340221 4 32 theme supercontinuum 733:746 arg1 source 754:759 a supercontinuum laser source 731:759 a supercontinuum laser source 731:759 This study is aimed at building an experimental spectrometer consisting of a supercontinuum laser source and a dispersive monochromator in order to investigate its capability to measure the barley endosperm using transmission experiments in the LW NIR region. 27340221 6 33 from region 1052:1057 arg1 range 1066:1070 the range 1062:1070 the range of 2260-2380 nm 1062:1086 However, the region in the range of 2260-2380 nm has previously shown to be particularly useful in differentiating barley phenotypes using NIR spectroscopy in reflectance mode. 27340221 7 34 from length 1475:1480 arg1 range 1489:1493 the range 1485:1493 the range of 2003-2497 nm 1485:1509 In the present study, 350 seeds (consisting of 70 seeds from each of five barley genotypes) in 1 mm slices were measured by NIR transmission in the range of 2235-2381 nm and oils from the same five barley genotypes were measured in a cuvette with a 1 mm path length in the range of 2003-2497 nm. 27340221 0 35 dep Using 27:31 arg1 Application 57:67 Application 57:67 Application to Long Wavelength Transmission Spectra of Barley Endosperm and Oil 57:135 Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Using a Supercontinuum Laser: Application to Long Wavelength Transmission Spectra of Barley Endosperm and Oil. 27340221 7 36 from seeds 1242:1246 arg1 slices 1316:1321 1 mm slices 1311:1321 1 mm slices 1311:1321 In the present study, 350 seeds (consisting of 70 seeds from each of five barley genotypes) in 1 mm slices were measured by NIR transmission in the range of 2235-2381 nm and oils from the same five barley genotypes were measured in a cuvette with a 1 mm path length in the range of 2003-2497 nm. 27340221 3 37 theme light 609:613 arg1 source 615:620 a brighter light source 598:620 a brighter light source such as the supercontinuum laser 598:653 Single seed transmission analysis in the long wavelength (LW) near-infrared (NIR) region is one area that might benefit from a brighter light source such as the supercontinuum laser. 27340221 3 38 theme transmission 485:496 arg1 analysis 498:505 Single seed transmission analysis 473:505 Single seed transmission analysis in the long wavelength (LW) near-infrared (NIR) region 473:560 Single seed transmission analysis in the long wavelength (LW) near-infrared (NIR) region is one area that might benefit from a brighter light source such as the supercontinuum laser. 27340221 8 39 theme barley 1531:1536 arg1 seeds 1538:1542 the barley seeds 1527:1542 the barley seeds 1527:1542 The spectra of the barley seeds could be classified according to genotypes by principal component analysis; and spectral covariances with reference analysis of moisture, β-glucan, starch, protein and lipid were established. 27340221 7 40 theme 1 mm 1465:1468 arg1 length 1475:1480 a 1 mm path length 1463:1480 a 1 mm path length in the range of 2003-2497 nm 1463:1509 In the present study, 350 seeds (consisting of 70 seeds from each of five barley genotypes) in 1 mm slices were measured by NIR transmission in the range of 2235-2381 nm and oils from the same five barley genotypes were measured in a cuvette with a 1 mm path length in the range of 2003-2497 nm. 27340221 3 41 theme Single 473:478 arg1 analysis 498:505 Single seed transmission analysis 473:505 Single seed transmission analysis in the long wavelength (LW) near-infrared (NIR) region 473:560 Single seed transmission analysis in the long wavelength (LW) near-infrared (NIR) region is one area that might benefit from a brighter light source such as the supercontinuum laser. 27340221 6 42 from spectroscopy 1182:1193 arg1 mode 1210:1213 reflectance mode 1198:1213 reflectance mode 1198:1213 However, the region in the range of 2260-2380 nm has previously shown to be particularly useful in differentiating barley phenotypes using NIR spectroscopy in reflectance mode. 27340221 1 43 theme laser 244:248 arg1 intensity 229:237 intensity 229:237 intensity 229:237 The supercontinuum laser is a new type of light source, which combines the collimation and intensity of a laser with the broad spectral region of a lamp. 27340221 1 43 theme laser 244:248 arg1 collimation 213:223 collimation 213:223 collimation 213:223 The supercontinuum laser is a new type of light source, which combines the collimation and intensity of a laser with the broad spectral region of a lamp. 27340221 6 44 theme 2260-2380 nm 1075:1086 arg1 range 1066:1070 the range 1062:1070 the range of 2260-2380 nm 1062:1086 However, the region in the range of 2260-2380 nm has previously shown to be particularly useful in differentiating barley phenotypes using NIR spectroscopy in reflectance mode. 27340221 7 45 theme NIR 1340:1342 arg1 transmission 1344:1355 NIR transmission 1340:1355 NIR transmission 1340:1355 In the present study, 350 seeds (consisting of 70 seeds from each of five barley genotypes) in 1 mm slices were measured by NIR transmission in the range of 2235-2381 nm and oils from the same five barley genotypes were measured in a cuvette with a 1 mm path length in the range of 2003-2497 nm. 27340221 9 46 theme oils 1774:1777 arg1 variations 1749:1758 The spectral variations 1736:1758 The spectral variations of the barley oils 1736:1777 The spectral variations of the barley oils were compared to the fatty acid compositions as measured using gas chromotography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 27340221 6 47 theme reflectance 1198:1208 arg1 mode 1210:1213 reflectance mode 1198:1213 reflectance mode 1198:1213 However, the region in the range of 2260-2380 nm has previously shown to be particularly useful in differentiating barley phenotypes using NIR spectroscopy in reflectance mode. 27340221 3 48 from analysis 498:505 arg1 region 555:560 the long wavelength (LW) near-infrared (NIR) region 510:560 the long wavelength (LW) near-infrared (NIR) region 510:560 Single seed transmission analysis in the long wavelength (LW) near-infrared (NIR) region is one area that might benefit from a brighter light source such as the supercontinuum laser. 27340221 1 49 theme new 168:170 arg1 laser 157:161 The supercontinuum laser 138:161 The supercontinuum laser 138:161 The supercontinuum laser is a new type of light source, which combines the collimation and intensity of a laser with the broad spectral region of a lamp. 27340221 1 49 theme new 168:170 arg1 type 172:175 a new type 166:175 a new type 166:175 The supercontinuum laser is a new type of light source, which combines the collimation and intensity of a laser with the broad spectral region of a lamp. 27340221 5 50 from transmission 980:991 arg1 region 1017:1022 the short wavelength region 996:1022 the short wavelength region up to 1100 nm 996:1036 So far, barley and wheat seeds have only been studied using NIR transmission in the short wavelength region up to 1100 nm. 27340221 8 51 with covariances 1633:1643 arg1 analysis 1660:1667 reference analysis 1650:1667 reference analysis of moisture, β-glucan, starch, protein and lipid 1650:1716 The spectra of the barley seeds could be classified according to genotypes by principal component analysis; and spectral covariances with reference analysis of moisture, β-glucan, starch, protein and lipid were established. 27340221 0 52 theme Oil 133:135 arg1 Spectra 101:107 Long Wavelength Transmission Spectra 72:107 Long Wavelength Transmission Spectra of Barley Endosperm and Oil 72:135 Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Using a Supercontinuum Laser: Application to Long Wavelength Transmission Spectra of Barley Endosperm and Oil. 27340221 8 53 theme component 1600:1608 arg1 analysis 1610:1617 principal component analysis 1590:1617 principal component analysis 1590:1617 The spectra of the barley seeds could be classified according to genotypes by principal component analysis; and spectral covariances with reference analysis of moisture, β-glucan, starch, protein and lipid were established. 27340221 1 54 theme source 186:191 arg1 laser 157:161 The supercontinuum laser 138:161 The supercontinuum laser 138:161 The supercontinuum laser is a new type of light source, which combines the collimation and intensity of a laser with the broad spectral region of a lamp. 27340221 1 54 theme source 186:191 arg1 type 172:175 a new type 166:175 a new type 166:175 The supercontinuum laser is a new type of light source, which combines the collimation and intensity of a laser with the broad spectral region of a lamp. 27340221 7 55 theme 2003-2497 nm 1498:1509 arg1 range 1489:1493 the range 1485:1493 the range of 2003-2497 nm 1485:1509 In the present study, 350 seeds (consisting of 70 seeds from each of five barley genotypes) in 1 mm slices were measured by NIR transmission in the range of 2235-2381 nm and oils from the same five barley genotypes were measured in a cuvette with a 1 mm path length in the range of 2003-2497 nm. 27340221 4 56 theme transmission 869:880 arg1 experiments 882:892 transmission experiments 869:892 transmission experiments in the LW NIR region 869:913 This study is aimed at building an experimental spectrometer consisting of a supercontinuum laser source and a dispersive monochromator in order to investigate its capability to measure the barley endosperm using transmission experiments in the LW NIR region. 27340221 9 57 theme acid 1806:1809 arg1 compositions 1811:1822 the fatty acid compositions 1796:1822 the fatty acid compositions as measured using gas chromotography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 1796:1885 The spectral variations of the barley oils were compared to the fatty acid compositions as measured using gas chromotography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 27340221 5 58 theme wavelength 1006:1015 arg1 region 1017:1022 the short wavelength region 996:1022 the short wavelength region up to 1100 nm 996:1036 So far, barley and wheat seeds have only been studied using NIR transmission in the short wavelength region up to 1100 nm. 27340221 2 59 dep measurements 459:470 arg1 either 428:433 either 428:433 either 428:433 Using such a source therefore makes it possible to focus the light onto small sample areas without losing intensity and thus facilitate either rapid or high-intensity measurements. 27340221 2 59 dep measurements 459:470 arg1 high-intensity 444:457 high-intensity 444:457 high-intensity 444:457 Using such a source therefore makes it possible to focus the light onto small sample areas without losing intensity and thus facilitate either rapid or high-intensity measurements. 27340221 8 60 theme spectral 1624:1631 arg1 covariances 1633:1643 spectral covariances 1624:1643 spectral covariances with reference analysis of moisture, β-glucan, starch, protein and lipid 1624:1716 The spectra of the barley seeds could be classified according to genotypes by principal component analysis; and spectral covariances with reference analysis of moisture, β-glucan, starch, protein and lipid were established. 27340221 5 61 dep barley 924:929 arg1 seeds 941:945 seeds 941:945 seeds 941:945 So far, barley and wheat seeds have only been studied using NIR transmission in the short wavelength region up to 1100 nm. 27340221 2 62 dep focus 343:347 arg1 facilitate 417:426 facilitate 417:426 facilitate either rapid or high-intensity measurements 417:470 Using such a source therefore makes it possible to focus the light onto small sample areas without losing intensity and thus facilitate either rapid or high-intensity measurements. 27340221 7 63 theme path 1470:1473 arg1 length 1475:1480 a 1 mm path length 1463:1480 a 1 mm path length in the range of 2003-2497 nm 1463:1509 In the present study, 350 seeds (consisting of 70 seeds from each of five barley genotypes) in 1 mm slices were measured by NIR transmission in the range of 2235-2381 nm and oils from the same five barley genotypes were measured in a cuvette with a 1 mm path length in the range of 2003-2497 nm. 27340221 9 64 theme chromotography-mass 1846:1864 arg1 spectrometry 1866:1877 gas chromotography-mass spectrometry 1842:1877 gas chromotography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 1842:1885 The spectral variations of the barley oils were compared to the fatty acid compositions as measured using gas chromotography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 27340221 9 64 theme chromotography-mass 1846:1864 arg1 GC-MS 1880:1884 GC-MS 1880:1884 GC-MS 1880:1884 The spectral variations of the barley oils were compared to the fatty acid compositions as measured using gas chromotography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 27340221 0 65 theme Long 72:75 arg1 Spectra 101:107 Long Wavelength Transmission Spectra 72:107 Long Wavelength Transmission Spectra of Barley Endosperm and Oil 72:135 Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Using a Supercontinuum Laser: Application to Long Wavelength Transmission Spectra of Barley Endosperm and Oil. 27340221 9 66 dep compositions 1811:1822 arg1 measured 1827:1834 measured 1827:1834 measured using gas chromotography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 1827:1885 The spectral variations of the barley oils were compared to the fatty acid compositions as measured using gas chromotography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 27340221 1 67 theme supercontinuum 142:155 arg1 laser 157:161 The supercontinuum laser 138:161 The supercontinuum laser 138:161 The supercontinuum laser is a new type of light source, which combines the collimation and intensity of a laser with the broad spectral region of a lamp. 27340221 1 67 theme supercontinuum 142:155 arg1 type 172:175 a new type 166:175 a new type 166:175 The supercontinuum laser is a new type of light source, which combines the collimation and intensity of a laser with the broad spectral region of a lamp. 27340221 0 68 theme Transmission 88:99 arg1 Spectra 101:107 Long Wavelength Transmission Spectra 72:107 Long Wavelength Transmission Spectra of Barley Endosperm and Oil 72:135 Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Using a Supercontinuum Laser: Application to Long Wavelength Transmission Spectra of Barley Endosperm and Oil. 27340221 8 69 theme moisture 1672:1679 arg1 analysis 1660:1667 reference analysis 1650:1667 reference analysis of moisture, β-glucan, starch, protein and lipid 1650:1716 The spectra of the barley seeds could be classified according to genotypes by principal component analysis; and spectral covariances with reference analysis of moisture, β-glucan, starch, protein and lipid were established. 27340221 8 70 theme β-glucan 1682:1689 arg1 analysis 1660:1667 reference analysis 1650:1667 reference analysis of moisture, β-glucan, starch, protein and lipid 1650:1716 The spectra of the barley seeds could be classified according to genotypes by principal component analysis; and spectral covariances with reference analysis of moisture, β-glucan, starch, protein and lipid were established. 27340221 4 71 theme LW 901:902 arg1 region 908:913 the LW NIR region 897:913 the LW NIR region 897:913 This study is aimed at building an experimental spectrometer consisting of a supercontinuum laser source and a dispersive monochromator in order to investigate its capability to measure the barley endosperm using transmission experiments in the LW NIR region. 27340221 4 72 theme experimental 691:702 arg1 spectrometer 704:715 an experimental spectrometer 688:715 an experimental spectrometer consisting of a supercontinuum laser source and a dispersive monochromator in order to investigate its capability to measure the barley endosperm using transmission experiments in the LW NIR region 688:913 This study is aimed at building an experimental spectrometer consisting of a supercontinuum laser source and a dispersive monochromator in order to investigate its capability to measure the barley endosperm using transmission experiments in the LW NIR region. 27340221 0 73 theme Endosperm 119:127 arg1 Spectra 101:107 Long Wavelength Transmission Spectra 72:107 Long Wavelength Transmission Spectra of Barley Endosperm and Oil 72:135 Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Using a Supercontinuum Laser: Application to Long Wavelength Transmission Spectra of Barley Endosperm and Oil. 27340221 8 74 theme starch 1692:1697 arg1 analysis 1660:1667 reference analysis 1650:1667 reference analysis of moisture, β-glucan, starch, protein and lipid 1650:1716 The spectra of the barley seeds could be classified according to genotypes by principal component analysis; and spectral covariances with reference analysis of moisture, β-glucan, starch, protein and lipid were established. 27340221 8 75 theme protein 1700:1706 arg1 analysis 1660:1667 reference analysis 1650:1667 reference analysis of moisture, β-glucan, starch, protein and lipid 1650:1716 The spectra of the barley seeds could be classified according to genotypes by principal component analysis; and spectral covariances with reference analysis of moisture, β-glucan, starch, protein and lipid were established. 27340221 7 76 from each 1277:1280 arg1 seeds 1266:1270 70 seeds 1263:1270 70 seeds from each of five barley genotypes 1263:1305 In the present study, 350 seeds (consisting of 70 seeds from each of five barley genotypes) in 1 mm slices were measured by NIR transmission in the range of 2235-2381 nm and oils from the same five barley genotypes were measured in a cuvette with a 1 mm path length in the range of 2003-2497 nm. 27340221 1 77 theme broad 259:263 arg1 region 274:279 the broad spectral region 255:279 the broad spectral region of a lamp 255:289 The supercontinuum laser is a new type of light source, which combines the collimation and intensity of a laser with the broad spectral region of a lamp. 27340221 8 78 theme lipid 1712:1716 arg1 analysis 1660:1667 reference analysis 1650:1667 reference analysis of moisture, β-glucan, starch, protein and lipid 1650:1716 The spectra of the barley seeds could be classified according to genotypes by principal component analysis; and spectral covariances with reference analysis of moisture, β-glucan, starch, protein and lipid were established. 27340221 2 79 theme sample 370:375 arg1 areas 377:381 small sample areas 364:381 small sample areas 364:381 Using such a source therefore makes it possible to focus the light onto small sample areas without losing intensity and thus facilitate either rapid or high-intensity measurements. 27340221 7 80 theme present 1223:1229 arg1 study 1231:1235 the present study 1219:1235 the present study 1219:1235 In the present study, 350 seeds (consisting of 70 seeds from each of five barley genotypes) in 1 mm slices were measured by NIR transmission in the range of 2235-2381 nm and oils from the same five barley genotypes were measured in a cuvette with a 1 mm path length in the range of 2003-2497 nm. 27340221 4 81 theme dispersive 767:776 arg1 monochromator 778:790 a dispersive monochromator 765:790 a dispersive monochromator in order to investigate its capability to measure the barley endosperm using transmission experiments in the LW NIR region 765:913 This study is aimed at building an experimental spectrometer consisting of a supercontinuum laser source and a dispersive monochromator in order to investigate its capability to measure the barley endosperm using transmission experiments in the LW NIR region. 27340221 3 82 theme brighter 600:607 arg1 source 615:620 a brighter light source 598:620 a brighter light source such as the supercontinuum laser 598:653 Single seed transmission analysis in the long wavelength (LW) near-infrared (NIR) region is one area that might benefit from a brighter light source such as the supercontinuum laser. 27340221 8 83 theme seeds 1538:1542 arg1 spectra 1516:1522 The spectra 1512:1522 The spectra of the barley seeds 1512:1542 The spectra of the barley seeds could be classified according to genotypes by principal component analysis; and spectral covariances with reference analysis of moisture, β-glucan, starch, protein and lipid were established. 27340221 9 84 theme spectral 1740:1747 arg1 variations 1749:1758 The spectral variations 1736:1758 The spectral variations of the barley oils 1736:1777 The spectral variations of the barley oils were compared to the fatty acid compositions as measured using gas chromotography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 27340221 3 85 theme supercontinuum 634:647 arg1 laser 649:653 the supercontinuum laser 630:653 the supercontinuum laser 630:653 Single seed transmission analysis in the long wavelength (LW) near-infrared (NIR) region is one area that might benefit from a brighter light source such as the supercontinuum laser. 27340221 4 86 theme laser 748:752 arg1 source 754:759 a supercontinuum laser source 731:759 a supercontinuum laser source 731:759 This study is aimed at building an experimental spectrometer consisting of a supercontinuum laser source and a dispersive monochromator in order to investigate its capability to measure the barley endosperm using transmission experiments in the LW NIR region. 26682382 7 0 from appearance 1075:1084 arg1 diagrams 1218:1225 DSC diagrams 1214:1225 DSC diagrams 1214:1225 The appearance of one glass transition temperature (T(g)) value of PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites occuring between the T(g) values of PLA and CS in DSC diagrams confirms the improvement in the compatibility between PLA and CS, due to the presence of PCL. 26682382 1 1 from field 182:186 arg1 capsules 221:228 medical capsules 213:228 medical capsules 213:228 Poly-lactic acid (PLA) has been widely applied in the medical field (in biomedicines such as medical capsules, surgical sutures and suture wounds) owing to its high biodegradability, good biocompatibility and ability to be dissolved in common solvents. 26682382 1 1 from field 182:186 arg1 sutures 240:246 surgical sutures 231:246 surgical sutures 231:246 Poly-lactic acid (PLA) has been widely applied in the medical field (in biomedicines such as medical capsules, surgical sutures and suture wounds) owing to its high biodegradability, good biocompatibility and ability to be dissolved in common solvents. 26682382 1 1 from field 182:186 arg1 wounds 259:264 suture wounds 252:264 suture wounds 252:264 Poly-lactic acid (PLA) has been widely applied in the medical field (in biomedicines such as medical capsules, surgical sutures and suture wounds) owing to its high biodegradability, good biocompatibility and ability to be dissolved in common solvents. 26682382 1 1 from field 182:186 arg1 biomedicines 192:203 biomedicines 192:203 biomedicines such as medical capsules, surgical sutures and suture wounds 192:264 Poly-lactic acid (PLA) has been widely applied in the medical field (in biomedicines such as medical capsules, surgical sutures and suture wounds) owing to its high biodegradability, good biocompatibility and ability to be dissolved in common solvents. 26682382 6 2 theme Field 1019:1023 arg1 Microscopy 1052:1061 Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy 1019:1061 the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy images 1015:1068 A more regular dispersion of CS of 200-400 nm particle size, is observed in the PLA matrix of the PLA/CS nanocomposites containing PCL, through the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy images. 26682382 10 3 theme PLA/CS/PCL 1580:1589 arg1 nanocomposites 1591:1604 the PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites 1576:1604 the PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites 1576:1604 The obtained results show that the PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites have slower hydrolysis ability than the PLA/CS composites. 26682382 6 4 theme nanocomposites 976:989 arg1 matrix 955:960 the PLA matrix 947:960 the PLA matrix of the PLA/CS nanocomposites containing PCL 947:1004 A more regular dispersion of CS of 200-400 nm particle size, is observed in the PLA matrix of the PLA/CS nanocomposites containing PCL, through the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy images. 26682382 3 5 theme components 599:608 arg1 advantages 567:576 the advantages 563:576 the advantages of both the original components 563:608 In this study, the combination of PLA and CS has been used to form PLA/CS nanocomposites having the advantages of both the original components. 26682382 8 6 theme important 1360:1368 arg1 role 1370:1373 an important role 1357:1373 an important role 1357:1373 The TGA result shows that PCL plays an important role in enhancing the thermal stability of PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites. 26682382 1 7 theme suture 252:257 arg1 wounds 259:264 suture wounds 252:264 suture wounds 252:264 Poly-lactic acid (PLA) has been widely applied in the medical field (in biomedicines such as medical capsules, surgical sutures and suture wounds) owing to its high biodegradability, good biocompatibility and ability to be dissolved in common solvents. 26682382 4 8 dep dispersibility 626:639 arg1 the 622:624 the 622:624 the 622:624 To enhance the dispersibility and compatibility between PLA and CS in the PLA/CS nanocomposites, polycaprolactone (PCL) is added as a compatibilizer. 26682382 7 9 dep temperature 1110:1120 arg1 g 1125:1125 g 1125:1125 g 1125:1125 The appearance of one glass transition temperature (T(g)) value of PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites occuring between the T(g) values of PLA and CS in DSC diagrams confirms the improvement in the compatibility between PLA and CS, due to the presence of PCL. 26682382 7 9 dep temperature 1110:1120 arg1 T 1123:1123 T 1123:1123 T(g) 1123:1126 The appearance of one glass transition temperature (T(g)) value of PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites occuring between the T(g) values of PLA and CS in DSC diagrams confirms the improvement in the compatibility between PLA and CS, due to the presence of PCL. 26682382 7 10 theme PLA 1200:1202 arg1 values 1190:1195 the T(g) values 1181:1195 the T(g) values of PLA and CS 1181:1209 The appearance of one glass transition temperature (T(g)) value of PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites occuring between the T(g) values of PLA and CS in DSC diagrams confirms the improvement in the compatibility between PLA and CS, due to the presence of PCL. 26682382 3 11 theme CS 509:510 arg1 combination 486:496 the combination 482:496 the combination of PLA and CS 482:510 In this study, the combination of PLA and CS has been used to form PLA/CS nanocomposites having the advantages of both the original components. 26682382 4 12 from compatibility 645:657 arg1 nanocomposites 692:705 the PLA/CS nanocomposites 681:705 the PLA/CS nanocomposites 681:705 To enhance the dispersibility and compatibility between PLA and CS in the PLA/CS nanocomposites, polycaprolactone (PCL) is added as a compatibilizer. 26682382 7 13 theme T 1185:1185 arg1 values 1190:1195 the T(g) values 1181:1195 the T(g) values of PLA and CS 1181:1209 The appearance of one glass transition temperature (T(g)) value of PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites occuring between the T(g) values of PLA and CS in DSC diagrams confirms the improvement in the compatibility between PLA and CS, due to the presence of PCL. 26682382 2 14 from present 448:454 arg1 nature 459:464 nature 459:464 nature 459:464 Chitosan (CS) is an abundant polysaccharide and a cationic polyelectrolyte present in nature. 26682382 5 15 dep Fourier 765:771 arg1 Transform 773:781 Transform 773:781 Transform Infrared spectroscopies 773:805 The Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopies prove the existence of the interactions of PCL with PLA and CS. 26682382 6 16 located observed 935:942 arg2 dispersion 886:895 A more regular dispersion 871:895 A more regular dispersion 871:895 A more regular dispersion of CS of 200-400 nm particle size, is observed in the PLA matrix of the PLA/CS nanocomposites containing PCL, through the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy images. 26682382 6 16 located observed 935:942 arg1 matrix 955:960 the PLA matrix 947:960 the PLA matrix of the PLA/CS nanocomposites containing PCL 947:1004 A more regular dispersion of CS of 200-400 nm particle size, is observed in the PLA matrix of the PLA/CS nanocomposites containing PCL, through the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy images. 26682382 3 17 contain having 556:561 arg1 nanocomposites 541:554 PLA/CS nanocomposites 534:554 PLA/CS nanocomposites having the advantages of both the original components 534:608 In this study, the combination of PLA and CS has been used to form PLA/CS nanocomposites having the advantages of both the original components. 26682382 3 17 contain having 556:561 arg2 advantages 567:576 the advantages 563:576 the advantages of both the original components 563:608 In this study, the combination of PLA and CS has been used to form PLA/CS nanocomposites having the advantages of both the original components. 26682382 10 18 theme slower 1611:1616 arg1 ability 1629:1635 slower hydrolysis ability 1611:1635 slower hydrolysis ability 1611:1635 The obtained results show that the PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites have slower hydrolysis ability than the PLA/CS composites. 26682382 2 19 attach present 448:454 arg2 polysaccharide 402:415 an abundant polysaccharide 390:415 an abundant polysaccharide 390:415 Chitosan (CS) is an abundant polysaccharide and a cationic polyelectrolyte present in nature. 26682382 2 19 attach present 448:454 arg2 Chitosan 373:380 Chitosan 373:380 Chitosan (CS) 373:385 Chitosan (CS) is an abundant polysaccharide and a cationic polyelectrolyte present in nature. 26682382 2 19 attach present 448:454 arg1 nature 459:464 nature 459:464 nature 459:464 Chitosan (CS) is an abundant polysaccharide and a cationic polyelectrolyte present in nature. 26682382 3 20 theme PLA 501:503 arg1 combination 486:496 the combination 482:496 the combination of PLA and CS 482:510 In this study, the combination of PLA and CS has been used to form PLA/CS nanocomposites having the advantages of both the original components. 26682382 4 21 from dispersibility 626:639 arg1 nanocomposites 692:705 the PLA/CS nanocomposites 681:705 the PLA/CS nanocomposites 681:705 To enhance the dispersibility and compatibility between PLA and CS in the PLA/CS nanocomposites, polycaprolactone (PCL) is added as a compatibilizer. 26682382 1 22 theme medical 174:180 arg1 field 182:186 the medical field 170:186 the medical field (in biomedicines such as medical capsules, surgical sutures and suture wounds) owing to its high biodegradability, good biocompatibility and ability to be dissolved in common solvents 170:370 Poly-lactic acid (PLA) has been widely applied in the medical field (in biomedicines such as medical capsules, surgical sutures and suture wounds) owing to its high biodegradability, good biocompatibility and ability to be dissolved in common solvents. 26682382 6 23 theme size 926:929 arg1 CS 900:901 CS 900:901 CS of 200-400 nm particle size 900:929 A more regular dispersion of CS of 200-400 nm particle size, is observed in the PLA matrix of the PLA/CS nanocomposites containing PCL, through the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy images. 26682382 1 24 theme common 356:361 arg1 solvents 363:370 common solvents 356:370 common solvents 356:370 Poly-lactic acid (PLA) has been widely applied in the medical field (in biomedicines such as medical capsules, surgical sutures and suture wounds) owing to its high biodegradability, good biocompatibility and ability to be dissolved in common solvents. 26682382 6 25 theme Microscopy 1052:1061 arg1 images 1063:1068 the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy images 1015:1068 the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy images 1015:1068 A more regular dispersion of CS of 200-400 nm particle size, is observed in the PLA matrix of the PLA/CS nanocomposites containing PCL, through the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy images. 26682382 6 26 theme Scanning 1034:1041 arg1 Microscopy 1052:1061 Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy 1019:1061 the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy images 1015:1068 A more regular dispersion of CS of 200-400 nm particle size, is observed in the PLA matrix of the PLA/CS nanocomposites containing PCL, through the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy images. 26682382 7 27 from improvement 1240:1250 arg1 compatibility 1259:1271 the compatibility 1255:1271 the compatibility between PLA and CS, due to the presence of PCL 1255:1318 The appearance of one glass transition temperature (T(g)) value of PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites occuring between the T(g) values of PLA and CS in DSC diagrams confirms the improvement in the compatibility between PLA and CS, due to the presence of PCL. 26682382 2 28 theme cationic 423:430 arg1 polyelectrolyte 432:446 a cationic polyelectrolyte 421:446 a cationic polyelectrolyte 421:446 Chitosan (CS) is an abundant polysaccharide and a cationic polyelectrolyte present in nature. 26682382 7 29 theme value 1129:1133 arg1 appearance 1075:1084 The appearance 1071:1084 The appearance of one glass transition temperature (T(g)) value of PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites occuring between the T(g) values of PLA and CS in DSC diagrams 1071:1225 The appearance of one glass transition temperature (T(g)) value of PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites occuring between the T(g) values of PLA and CS in DSC diagrams confirms the improvement in the compatibility between PLA and CS, due to the presence of PCL. 26682382 7 30 theme temperature 1110:1120 arg1 value 1129:1133 one glass transition temperature (T(g)) value 1089:1133 one glass transition temperature (T(g)) value of PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites occuring between the T(g) values of PLA and CS 1089:1209 The appearance of one glass transition temperature (T(g)) value of PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites occuring between the T(g) values of PLA and CS in DSC diagrams confirms the improvement in the compatibility between PLA and CS, due to the presence of PCL. 26682382 5 31 theme interactions 834:845 arg1 existence 817:825 the existence 813:825 the existence of the interactions of PCL with PLA and CS 813:868 The Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopies prove the existence of the interactions of PCL with PLA and CS. 26682382 6 32 theme particle 917:924 arg1 size 926:929 200-400 nm particle size 906:929 200-400 nm particle size 906:929 A more regular dispersion of CS of 200-400 nm particle size, is observed in the PLA matrix of the PLA/CS nanocomposites containing PCL, through the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy images. 26682382 9 33 theme phosphate 1500:1508 arg1 solutions 1517:1525 alkaline and phosphate buffer solutions 1487:1525 alkaline and phosphate buffer solutions 1487:1525 The hydrolysis of PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites in alkaline and phosphate buffer solutions was investigated. 26682382 1 34 theme Poly-lactic 120:130 arg1 PLA 138:140 PLA 138:140 PLA 138:140 Poly-lactic acid (PLA) has been widely applied in the medical field (in biomedicines such as medical capsules, surgical sutures and suture wounds) owing to its high biodegradability, good biocompatibility and ability to be dissolved in common solvents. 26682382 1 34 theme Poly-lactic 120:130 arg1 acid 132:135 Poly-lactic acid 120:135 Poly-lactic acid (PLA) 120:141 Poly-lactic acid (PLA) has been widely applied in the medical field (in biomedicines such as medical capsules, surgical sutures and suture wounds) owing to its high biodegradability, good biocompatibility and ability to be dissolved in common solvents. 26682382 7 35 theme PCL 1316:1318 arg1 presence 1304:1311 the presence 1300:1311 the presence of PCL 1300:1318 The appearance of one glass transition temperature (T(g)) value of PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites occuring between the T(g) values of PLA and CS in DSC diagrams confirms the improvement in the compatibility between PLA and CS, due to the presence of PCL. 26682382 7 36 theme glass 1093:1097 arg1 temperature 1110:1120 one glass transition temperature 1089:1120 one glass transition temperature (T(g)) value of PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites occuring between the T(g) values of PLA and CS 1089:1209 The appearance of one glass transition temperature (T(g)) value of PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites occuring between the T(g) values of PLA and CS in DSC diagrams confirms the improvement in the compatibility between PLA and CS, due to the presence of PCL. 26682382 6 37 theme nm 914:915 arg1 size 926:929 200-400 nm particle size 906:929 200-400 nm particle size 906:929 A more regular dispersion of CS of 200-400 nm particle size, is observed in the PLA matrix of the PLA/CS nanocomposites containing PCL, through the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy images. 26682382 3 38 used used 521:524 arg2 combination 486:496 the combination 482:496 the combination of PLA and CS 482:510 In this study, the combination of PLA and CS has been used to form PLA/CS nanocomposites having the advantages of both the original components. 26682382 5 39 theme Infrared 783:790 arg1 spectroscopies 792:805 Infrared spectroscopies 783:805 Infrared spectroscopies 783:805 The Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopies prove the existence of the interactions of PCL with PLA and CS. 26682382 6 40 theme 200-400 906:912 arg1 nm 914:915 nm 914:915 nm 914:915 A more regular dispersion of CS of 200-400 nm particle size, is observed in the PLA matrix of the PLA/CS nanocomposites containing PCL, through the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy images. 26682382 10 41 theme PLA/CS 1646:1651 arg1 composites 1653:1662 the PLA/CS composites 1642:1662 the PLA/CS composites 1642:1662 The obtained results show that the PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites have slower hydrolysis ability than the PLA/CS composites. 26682382 7 42 theme CS 1208:1209 arg1 values 1190:1195 the T(g) values 1181:1195 the T(g) values of PLA and CS 1181:1209 The appearance of one glass transition temperature (T(g)) value of PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites occuring between the T(g) values of PLA and CS in DSC diagrams confirms the improvement in the compatibility between PLA and CS, due to the presence of PCL. 26682382 8 43 theme nanocomposites 1424:1437 arg1 stability 1400:1408 the thermal stability 1388:1408 the thermal stability of PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites 1388:1437 The TGA result shows that PCL plays an important role in enhancing the thermal stability of PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites. 26682382 6 44 theme PLA/CS 969:974 arg1 nanocomposites 976:989 the PLA/CS nanocomposites 965:989 the PLA/CS nanocomposites containing PCL 965:1004 A more regular dispersion of CS of 200-400 nm particle size, is observed in the PLA matrix of the PLA/CS nanocomposites containing PCL, through the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy images. 26682382 1 45 theme high 280:283 arg1 biodegradability 285:300 its high biodegradability 276:300 its high biodegradability 276:300 Poly-lactic acid (PLA) has been widely applied in the medical field (in biomedicines such as medical capsules, surgical sutures and suture wounds) owing to its high biodegradability, good biocompatibility and ability to be dissolved in common solvents. 26682382 9 46 theme PLA/CS/PCL 1458:1467 arg1 nanocomposites 1469:1482 PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites 1458:1482 PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites 1458:1482 The hydrolysis of PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites in alkaline and phosphate buffer solutions was investigated. 26682382 0 47 theme Hydrolysis 33:42 arg1 Ability 44:50 Hydrolysis Ability 33:50 Hydrolysis Ability 33:50 Investigating the Properties and Hydrolysis Ability of Poly-Lactic Acid/Chitosan Nanocomposites Using Polycaprolactone. 26682382 6 48 theme CS 900:901 arg1 dispersion 886:895 A more regular dispersion 871:895 A more regular dispersion 871:895 A more regular dispersion of CS of 200-400 nm particle size, is observed in the PLA matrix of the PLA/CS nanocomposites containing PCL, through the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy images. 26682382 10 49 contain have 1606:1609 arg1 nanocomposites 1591:1604 the PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites 1576:1604 the PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites 1576:1604 The obtained results show that the PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites have slower hydrolysis ability than the PLA/CS composites. 26682382 10 49 contain have 1606:1609 arg2 ability 1629:1635 slower hydrolysis ability 1611:1635 slower hydrolysis ability 1611:1635 The obtained results show that the PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites have slower hydrolysis ability than the PLA/CS composites. 26682382 3 50 theme original 590:597 arg1 components 599:608 both the original components 581:608 both the original components 581:608 In this study, the combination of PLA and CS has been used to form PLA/CS nanocomposites having the advantages of both the original components. 26682382 9 51 theme nanocomposites 1469:1482 arg1 hydrolysis 1444:1453 The hydrolysis 1440:1453 The hydrolysis of PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites in alkaline and phosphate buffer solutions 1440:1525 The hydrolysis of PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites in alkaline and phosphate buffer solutions was investigated. 26682382 1 52 theme medical 213:219 arg1 capsules 221:228 medical capsules 213:228 medical capsules 213:228 Poly-lactic acid (PLA) has been widely applied in the medical field (in biomedicines such as medical capsules, surgical sutures and suture wounds) owing to its high biodegradability, good biocompatibility and ability to be dissolved in common solvents. 26682382 2 53 theme present 448:454 arg1 polysaccharide 402:415 an abundant polysaccharide 390:415 an abundant polysaccharide 390:415 Chitosan (CS) is an abundant polysaccharide and a cationic polyelectrolyte present in nature. 26682382 2 53 theme present 448:454 arg1 Chitosan 373:380 Chitosan 373:380 Chitosan (CS) 373:385 Chitosan (CS) is an abundant polysaccharide and a cationic polyelectrolyte present in nature. 26682382 5 54 with interactions 834:845 arg1 PLA 859:861 PLA 859:861 PLA 859:861 The Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopies prove the existence of the interactions of PCL with PLA and CS. 26682382 5 54 with interactions 834:845 arg1 CS 867:868 CS 867:868 CS 867:868 The Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopies prove the existence of the interactions of PCL with PLA and CS. 26682382 0 55 theme Acid/Chitosan 67:79 arg1 Nanocomposites 81:94 Poly-Lactic Acid/Chitosan Nanocomposites 55:94 Poly-Lactic Acid/Chitosan Nanocomposites Using Polycaprolactone 55:117 Investigating the Properties and Hydrolysis Ability of Poly-Lactic Acid/Chitosan Nanocomposites Using Polycaprolactone. 26682382 3 56 theme PLA/CS 534:539 arg1 nanocomposites 541:554 PLA/CS nanocomposites 534:554 PLA/CS nanocomposites having the advantages of both the original components 534:608 In this study, the combination of PLA and CS has been used to form PLA/CS nanocomposites having the advantages of both the original components. 26682382 2 57 from nature 459:464 arg1 present 448:454 present 448:454 present 448:454 Chitosan (CS) is an abundant polysaccharide and a cationic polyelectrolyte present in nature. 26682382 7 58 theme g 1187:1187 arg1 values 1190:1195 the T(g) values 1181:1195 the T(g) values of PLA and CS 1181:1209 The appearance of one glass transition temperature (T(g)) value of PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites occuring between the T(g) values of PLA and CS in DSC diagrams confirms the improvement in the compatibility between PLA and CS, due to the presence of PCL. 26682382 8 59 theme thermal 1392:1398 arg1 stability 1400:1408 the thermal stability 1388:1408 the thermal stability of PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites 1388:1437 The TGA result shows that PCL plays an important role in enhancing the thermal stability of PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites. 26682382 1 60 theme good 303:306 arg1 biocompatibility 308:323 good biocompatibility 303:323 good biocompatibility 303:323 Poly-lactic acid (PLA) has been widely applied in the medical field (in biomedicines such as medical capsules, surgical sutures and suture wounds) owing to its high biodegradability, good biocompatibility and ability to be dissolved in common solvents. 26682382 8 61 theme PLA/CS/PCL 1413:1422 arg1 nanocomposites 1424:1437 PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites 1413:1437 PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites 1413:1437 The TGA result shows that PCL plays an important role in enhancing the thermal stability of PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites. 26682382 9 62 theme alkaline 1487:1494 arg1 solutions 1517:1525 alkaline and phosphate buffer solutions 1487:1525 alkaline and phosphate buffer solutions 1487:1525 The hydrolysis of PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites in alkaline and phosphate buffer solutions was investigated. 26682382 8 63 theme TGA 1325:1327 arg1 result 1329:1334 The TGA result 1321:1334 The TGA result 1321:1334 The TGA result shows that PCL plays an important role in enhancing the thermal stability of PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites. 26682382 9 64 from hydrolysis 1444:1453 arg1 solutions 1517:1525 alkaline and phosphate buffer solutions 1487:1525 alkaline and phosphate buffer solutions 1487:1525 The hydrolysis of PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites in alkaline and phosphate buffer solutions was investigated. 26682382 6 65 theme regular 878:884 arg1 dispersion 886:895 A more regular dispersion 871:895 A more regular dispersion 871:895 A more regular dispersion of CS of 200-400 nm particle size, is observed in the PLA matrix of the PLA/CS nanocomposites containing PCL, through the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy images. 26682382 7 66 theme DSC 1214:1216 arg1 diagrams 1218:1225 DSC diagrams 1214:1225 DSC diagrams 1214:1225 The appearance of one glass transition temperature (T(g)) value of PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites occuring between the T(g) values of PLA and CS in DSC diagrams confirms the improvement in the compatibility between PLA and CS, due to the presence of PCL. 26682382 4 67 theme PLA/CS 685:690 arg1 nanocomposites 692:705 the PLA/CS nanocomposites 681:705 the PLA/CS nanocomposites 681:705 To enhance the dispersibility and compatibility between PLA and CS in the PLA/CS nanocomposites, polycaprolactone (PCL) is added as a compatibilizer. 26682382 10 68 theme hydrolysis 1618:1627 arg1 ability 1629:1635 slower hydrolysis ability 1611:1635 slower hydrolysis ability 1611:1635 The obtained results show that the PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites have slower hydrolysis ability than the PLA/CS composites. 26682382 7 69 theme due 1293:1295 arg1 PLA 1281:1283 PLA 1281:1283 PLA 1281:1283 The appearance of one glass transition temperature (T(g)) value of PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites occuring between the T(g) values of PLA and CS in DSC diagrams confirms the improvement in the compatibility between PLA and CS, due to the presence of PCL. 26682382 0 70 dep Properties 18:27 arg1 the 14:16 the 14:16 the 14:16 Investigating the Properties and Hydrolysis Ability of Poly-Lactic Acid/Chitosan Nanocomposites Using Polycaprolactone. 26682382 6 71 theme Electron 1043:1050 arg1 Microscopy 1052:1061 Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy 1019:1061 the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy images 1015:1068 A more regular dispersion of CS of 200-400 nm particle size, is observed in the PLA matrix of the PLA/CS nanocomposites containing PCL, through the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy images. 26682382 6 72 theme PLA 951:953 arg1 matrix 955:960 the PLA matrix 947:960 the PLA matrix of the PLA/CS nanocomposites containing PCL 947:1004 A more regular dispersion of CS of 200-400 nm particle size, is observed in the PLA matrix of the PLA/CS nanocomposites containing PCL, through the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy images. 26682382 0 73 theme Nanocomposites 81:94 arg1 Properties 18:27 Properties 18:27 Properties 18:27 Investigating the Properties and Hydrolysis Ability of Poly-Lactic Acid/Chitosan Nanocomposites Using Polycaprolactone. 26682382 0 73 theme Nanocomposites 81:94 arg1 Ability 44:50 Hydrolysis Ability 33:50 Hydrolysis Ability 33:50 Investigating the Properties and Hydrolysis Ability of Poly-Lactic Acid/Chitosan Nanocomposites Using Polycaprolactone. 26682382 10 74 theme obtained 1549:1556 arg1 results 1558:1564 The obtained results 1545:1564 The obtained results 1545:1564 The obtained results show that the PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites have slower hydrolysis ability than the PLA/CS composites. 26682382 9 75 theme buffer 1510:1515 arg1 solutions 1517:1525 alkaline and phosphate buffer solutions 1487:1525 alkaline and phosphate buffer solutions 1487:1525 The hydrolysis of PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites in alkaline and phosphate buffer solutions was investigated. 26682382 2 76 theme abundant 393:400 arg1 polysaccharide 402:415 an abundant polysaccharide 390:415 an abundant polysaccharide 390:415 Chitosan (CS) is an abundant polysaccharide and a cationic polyelectrolyte present in nature. 26682382 2 76 theme abundant 393:400 arg1 Chitosan 373:380 Chitosan 373:380 Chitosan (CS) 373:385 Chitosan (CS) is an abundant polysaccharide and a cationic polyelectrolyte present in nature. 26682382 5 77 theme PCL 850:852 arg1 interactions 834:845 the interactions 830:845 the interactions of PCL with PLA and CS 830:868 The Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopies prove the existence of the interactions of PCL with PLA and CS. 26682382 7 78 theme PLA/CS/PCL 1138:1147 arg1 nanocomposites 1149:1162 PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites 1138:1162 PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites occuring between the T(g) values of PLA and CS 1138:1209 The appearance of one glass transition temperature (T(g)) value of PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites occuring between the T(g) values of PLA and CS in DSC diagrams confirms the improvement in the compatibility between PLA and CS, due to the presence of PCL. 26682382 1 79 theme surgical 231:238 arg1 sutures 240:246 surgical sutures 231:246 surgical sutures 231:246 Poly-lactic acid (PLA) has been widely applied in the medical field (in biomedicines such as medical capsules, surgical sutures and suture wounds) owing to its high biodegradability, good biocompatibility and ability to be dissolved in common solvents. 26682382 0 80 theme Poly-Lactic 55:65 arg1 Nanocomposites 81:94 Poly-Lactic Acid/Chitosan Nanocomposites 55:94 Poly-Lactic Acid/Chitosan Nanocomposites Using Polycaprolactone 55:117 Investigating the Properties and Hydrolysis Ability of Poly-Lactic Acid/Chitosan Nanocomposites Using Polycaprolactone. 26682382 6 81 contain containing 991:1000 arg2 PCL 1002:1004 PCL 1002:1004 PCL 1002:1004 A more regular dispersion of CS of 200-400 nm particle size, is observed in the PLA matrix of the PLA/CS nanocomposites containing PCL, through the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy images. 26682382 6 81 contain containing 991:1000 arg1 nanocomposites 976:989 the PLA/CS nanocomposites 965:989 the PLA/CS nanocomposites containing PCL 965:1004 A more regular dispersion of CS of 200-400 nm particle size, is observed in the PLA matrix of the PLA/CS nanocomposites containing PCL, through the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy images. 26682382 7 82 theme transition 1099:1108 arg1 temperature 1110:1120 one glass transition temperature 1089:1120 one glass transition temperature (T(g)) value of PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites occuring between the T(g) values of PLA and CS 1089:1209 The appearance of one glass transition temperature (T(g)) value of PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites occuring between the T(g) values of PLA and CS in DSC diagrams confirms the improvement in the compatibility between PLA and CS, due to the presence of PCL. 26682382 6 83 theme Emission 1025:1032 arg1 Microscopy 1052:1061 Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy 1019:1061 the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy images 1015:1068 A more regular dispersion of CS of 200-400 nm particle size, is observed in the PLA matrix of the PLA/CS nanocomposites containing PCL, through the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy images. 26682382 7 84 theme nanocomposites 1149:1162 arg1 value 1129:1133 one glass transition temperature (T(g)) value 1089:1133 one glass transition temperature (T(g)) value of PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites occuring between the T(g) values of PLA and CS 1089:1209 The appearance of one glass transition temperature (T(g)) value of PLA/CS/PCL nanocomposites occuring between the T(g) values of PLA and CS in DSC diagrams confirms the improvement in the compatibility between PLA and CS, due to the presence of PCL. 26577730 8 0 theme glycerol 1200:1207 arg1 amount 1179:1184 the amount 1175:1184 the amount of deuterated glycerol 1175:1207 In addition, by varying the amount of deuterated glycerol in the media it was possible to vary the scattering length density of the deuterated cellulose. 26577730 8 0 theme glycerol 1200:1207 arg1 glycerol 1200:1207 deuterated glycerol 1189:1207 deuterated glycerol 1189:1207 In addition, by varying the amount of deuterated glycerol in the media it was possible to vary the scattering length density of the deuterated cellulose. 26577730 4 1 theme deuterium 583:591 arg1 oxide 597:601 deuterium (D) oxide 583:601 deuterium (D) oxide 583:601 sucrofermentans and Gluconacetobacter hansenii was formulated that supports cellulose production in deuterium (D) oxide. 26577730 6 2 theme mass 789:792 arg1 spectrometry 794:805 mass spectrometry 789:805 mass spectrometry 789:805 Spectroscopic analysis and mass spectrometry show that the level of deuterium incorporation is high (>90%) for the perdeuterated form of bacterial cellulose. 26577730 9 3 theme cellulose 1349:1357 arg1 content 1338:1344 deuterium content 1328:1344 deuterium content of cellulose 1328:1357 The ability to control deuterium content of cellulose extends the range of experiments using techniques such as neutron scattering to reveal information about the structure and dynamics of cellulose, and its interactions with other biomacromolecules as well as synthetic polymers used for development of composite materials. 26577730 1 4 theme accessible 281:290 arg1 information 265:275 information 265:275 information not accessible 265:290 Isotopic enrichment of biomacromolecules is a widely used technique that enables the investigation of the structural and dynamic properties to provide information not accessible with natural abundance isotopic composition. 26577730 0 5 theme scattering 94:103 arg1 studies 105:111 neutron scattering studies 86:111 neutron scattering studies 86:111 Production of bacterial cellulose with controlled deuterium-hydrogen substitution for neutron scattering studies. 26577730 8 6 from possible 1229:1236 arg1 addition 1154:1161 addition 1154:1161 addition 1154:1161 In addition, by varying the amount of deuterated glycerol in the media it was possible to vary the scattering length density of the deuterated cellulose. 26577730 5 7 theme cell 718:721 arg1 growth 723:728 cell growth 718:728 cell growth 718:728 The level of D incorporation can be varied by altering the ratio of deuterated and protiated glycerol used during cell growth in the D2O-based growth medium. 26577730 8 8 theme length 1261:1266 arg1 density 1268:1274 the scattering length density 1246:1274 the scattering length density of the deuterated cellulose 1246:1302 In addition, by varying the amount of deuterated glycerol in the media it was possible to vary the scattering length density of the deuterated cellulose. 26577730 2 9 theme bacterial 401:409 arg1 cellulose 411:419 bacterial cellulose 401:419 bacterial cellulose 401:419 This study reports an approach for deuterium incorporation into bacterial cellulose. 26577730 7 10 theme small-angle 924:934 arg1 scattering 944:953 small-angle neutron scattering 924:953 The small-angle neutron scattering profiles of the cellulose with different amounts of D incorporation 920:1021 The small-angle neutron scattering profiles of the cellulose with different amounts of D incorporation are all similar indicating that there are no structural changes in the cellulose due to substitution of deuterium for hydrogen. 26577730 4 11 theme D 594:594 arg1 oxide 597:601 deuterium (D) oxide 583:601 deuterium (D) oxide 583:601 sucrofermentans and Gluconacetobacter hansenii was formulated that supports cellulose production in deuterium (D) oxide. 26577730 7 12 theme neutron 936:942 arg1 scattering 944:953 small-angle neutron scattering 924:953 The small-angle neutron scattering profiles of the cellulose with different amounts of D incorporation 920:1021 The small-angle neutron scattering profiles of the cellulose with different amounts of D incorporation are all similar indicating that there are no structural changes in the cellulose due to substitution of deuterium for hydrogen. 26577730 1 13 theme natural 297:303 arg1 composition 324:334 natural abundance isotopic composition 297:334 natural abundance isotopic composition 297:334 Isotopic enrichment of biomacromolecules is a widely used technique that enables the investigation of the structural and dynamic properties to provide information not accessible with natural abundance isotopic composition. 26577730 3 14 theme A 422:422 arg1 media 424:428 A media 422:428 A media 422:428 A media formulation for growth of Acetobacter xylinus subsp. 26577730 4 15 theme cellulose 559:567 arg1 production 569:578 cellulose production 559:578 cellulose production in deuterium (D) oxide 559:601 sucrofermentans and Gluconacetobacter hansenii was formulated that supports cellulose production in deuterium (D) oxide. 26577730 7 16 theme incorporation 1009:1021 arg1 amounts 996:1002 different amounts 986:1002 different amounts of D incorporation 986:1021 The small-angle neutron scattering profiles of the cellulose with different amounts of D incorporation are all similar indicating that there are no structural changes in the cellulose due to substitution of deuterium for hydrogen. 26577730 7 16 theme incorporation 1009:1021 arg1 incorporation 1009:1021 D incorporation 1007:1021 D incorporation 1007:1021 The small-angle neutron scattering profiles of the cellulose with different amounts of D incorporation are all similar indicating that there are no structural changes in the cellulose due to substitution of deuterium for hydrogen. 26577730 1 17 theme abundance 305:313 arg1 composition 324:334 natural abundance isotopic composition 297:334 natural abundance isotopic composition 297:334 Isotopic enrichment of biomacromolecules is a widely used technique that enables the investigation of the structural and dynamic properties to provide information not accessible with natural abundance isotopic composition. 26577730 5 18 theme deuterated 672:681 arg1 glycerol 697:704 deuterated and protiated glycerol 672:704 deuterated and protiated glycerol used during cell growth in the D2O-based growth medium 672:759 The level of D incorporation can be varied by altering the ratio of deuterated and protiated glycerol used during cell growth in the D2O-based growth medium. 26577730 9 19 theme composite 1609:1617 arg1 materials 1619:1627 composite materials 1609:1627 composite materials 1609:1627 The ability to control deuterium content of cellulose extends the range of experiments using techniques such as neutron scattering to reveal information about the structure and dynamics of cellulose, and its interactions with other biomacromolecules as well as synthetic polymers used for development of composite materials. 26577730 0 20 theme deuterium-hydrogen 50:67 arg1 substitution 69:80 controlled deuterium-hydrogen substitution 39:80 controlled deuterium-hydrogen substitution for neutron scattering studies 39:111 Production of bacterial cellulose with controlled deuterium-hydrogen substitution for neutron scattering studies. 26577730 0 21 theme controlled 39:48 arg1 substitution 69:80 controlled deuterium-hydrogen substitution 39:80 controlled deuterium-hydrogen substitution for neutron scattering studies 39:111 Production of bacterial cellulose with controlled deuterium-hydrogen substitution for neutron scattering studies. 26577730 9 22 theme materials 1619:1627 arg1 development 1594:1604 development 1594:1604 development of composite materials 1594:1627 The ability to control deuterium content of cellulose extends the range of experiments using techniques such as neutron scattering to reveal information about the structure and dynamics of cellulose, and its interactions with other biomacromolecules as well as synthetic polymers used for development of composite materials. 26577730 6 23 theme Spectroscopic 762:774 arg1 analysis 776:783 Spectroscopic analysis 762:783 Spectroscopic analysis 762:783 Spectroscopic analysis and mass spectrometry show that the level of deuterium incorporation is high (>90%) for the perdeuterated form of bacterial cellulose. 26577730 9 24 theme cellulose 1494:1502 arg1 structure 1468:1476 structure 1468:1476 structure 1468:1476 The ability to control deuterium content of cellulose extends the range of experiments using techniques such as neutron scattering to reveal information about the structure and dynamics of cellulose, and its interactions with other biomacromolecules as well as synthetic polymers used for development of composite materials. 26577730 9 24 theme cellulose 1494:1502 arg1 dynamics 1482:1489 dynamics 1482:1489 dynamics 1482:1489 The ability to control deuterium content of cellulose extends the range of experiments using techniques such as neutron scattering to reveal information about the structure and dynamics of cellulose, and its interactions with other biomacromolecules as well as synthetic polymers used for development of composite materials. 26577730 8 25 theme deuterated 1189:1198 arg1 glycerol 1200:1207 deuterated glycerol 1189:1207 deuterated glycerol 1189:1207 In addition, by varying the amount of deuterated glycerol in the media it was possible to vary the scattering length density of the deuterated cellulose. 26577730 5 26 theme glycerol 697:704 arg1 ratio 663:667 the ratio 659:667 the ratio of deuterated and protiated glycerol used during cell growth in the D2O-based growth medium 659:759 The level of D incorporation can be varied by altering the ratio of deuterated and protiated glycerol used during cell growth in the D2O-based growth medium. 26577730 5 27 theme protiated 687:695 arg1 glycerol 697:704 deuterated and protiated glycerol 672:704 deuterated and protiated glycerol used during cell growth in the D2O-based growth medium 672:759 The level of D incorporation can be varied by altering the ratio of deuterated and protiated glycerol used during cell growth in the D2O-based growth medium. 26577730 6 28 dep high 857:860 arg1 high 857:860 high 857:860 high 857:860 Spectroscopic analysis and mass spectrometry show that the level of deuterium incorporation is high (>90%) for the perdeuterated form of bacterial cellulose. 26577730 6 28 dep high 857:860 arg1 % 866:866 >90% 863:866 >90% 863:866 Spectroscopic analysis and mass spectrometry show that the level of deuterium incorporation is high (>90%) for the perdeuterated form of bacterial cellulose. 26577730 6 28 dep high 857:860 arg1 level 821:825 the level 817:825 the level of deuterium incorporation 817:852 Spectroscopic analysis and mass spectrometry show that the level of deuterium incorporation is high (>90%) for the perdeuterated form of bacterial cellulose. 26577730 8 29 theme cellulose 1294:1302 arg1 density 1268:1274 the scattering length density 1246:1274 the scattering length density of the deuterated cellulose 1246:1302 In addition, by varying the amount of deuterated glycerol in the media it was possible to vary the scattering length density of the deuterated cellulose. 26577730 1 30 theme isotopic 315:322 arg1 composition 324:334 natural abundance isotopic composition 297:334 natural abundance isotopic composition 297:334 Isotopic enrichment of biomacromolecules is a widely used technique that enables the investigation of the structural and dynamic properties to provide information not accessible with natural abundance isotopic composition. 26577730 9 31 dep structure 1468:1476 arg1 the 1464:1466 the 1464:1466 the 1464:1466 The ability to control deuterium content of cellulose extends the range of experiments using techniques such as neutron scattering to reveal information about the structure and dynamics of cellulose, and its interactions with other biomacromolecules as well as synthetic polymers used for development of composite materials. 26577730 7 32 theme different 986:994 arg1 amounts 996:1002 different amounts 986:1002 different amounts of D incorporation 986:1021 The small-angle neutron scattering profiles of the cellulose with different amounts of D incorporation are all similar indicating that there are no structural changes in the cellulose due to substitution of deuterium for hydrogen. 26577730 7 32 theme different 986:994 arg1 incorporation 1009:1021 D incorporation 1007:1021 D incorporation 1007:1021 The small-angle neutron scattering profiles of the cellulose with different amounts of D incorporation are all similar indicating that there are no structural changes in the cellulose due to substitution of deuterium for hydrogen. 26577730 1 33 theme Isotopic 114:121 arg1 technique 172:180 a widely used technique 158:180 a widely used technique that enables the investigation of the structural and dynamic properties to provide information not accessible with natural abundance isotopic composition 158:334 Isotopic enrichment of biomacromolecules is a widely used technique that enables the investigation of the structural and dynamic properties to provide information not accessible with natural abundance isotopic composition. 26577730 1 33 theme Isotopic 114:121 arg1 enrichment 123:132 Isotopic enrichment 114:132 Isotopic enrichment of biomacromolecules 114:153 Isotopic enrichment of biomacromolecules is a widely used technique that enables the investigation of the structural and dynamic properties to provide information not accessible with natural abundance isotopic composition. 26577730 8 34 theme deuterated 1283:1292 arg1 cellulose 1294:1302 the deuterated cellulose 1279:1302 the deuterated cellulose 1279:1302 In addition, by varying the amount of deuterated glycerol in the media it was possible to vary the scattering length density of the deuterated cellulose. 26577730 0 35 theme cellulose 24:32 arg1 Production 0:9 Production 0:9 Production of bacterial cellulose with controlled deuterium-hydrogen substitution for neutron scattering studies. 0:112 Production of bacterial cellulose with controlled deuterium-hydrogen substitution for neutron scattering studies. 26577730 9 36 theme experiments 1380:1390 arg1 range 1371:1375 the range 1367:1375 the range of experiments using techniques such as neutron scattering to reveal information about the structure and dynamics of cellulose, and its interactions with other biomacromolecules as well as synthetic polymers used for development of composite materials 1367:1627 The ability to control deuterium content of cellulose extends the range of experiments using techniques such as neutron scattering to reveal information about the structure and dynamics of cellulose, and its interactions with other biomacromolecules as well as synthetic polymers used for development of composite materials. 26577730 7 37 theme deuterium 1127:1135 arg1 substitution 1111:1122 substitution 1111:1122 substitution of deuterium for hydrogen 1111:1148 The small-angle neutron scattering profiles of the cellulose with different amounts of D incorporation are all similar indicating that there are no structural changes in the cellulose due to substitution of deuterium for hydrogen. 26577730 6 38 theme incorporation 840:852 arg1 high 857:860 high 857:860 high 857:860 Spectroscopic analysis and mass spectrometry show that the level of deuterium incorporation is high (>90%) for the perdeuterated form of bacterial cellulose. 26577730 6 38 theme incorporation 840:852 arg1 level 821:825 the level 817:825 the level of deuterium incorporation 817:852 Spectroscopic analysis and mass spectrometry show that the level of deuterium incorporation is high (>90%) for the perdeuterated form of bacterial cellulose. 26577730 6 38 theme incorporation 840:852 arg1 % 866:866 >90% 863:866 >90% 863:866 Spectroscopic analysis and mass spectrometry show that the level of deuterium incorporation is high (>90%) for the perdeuterated form of bacterial cellulose. 26577730 8 39 theme scattering 1250:1259 arg1 density 1268:1274 the scattering length density 1246:1274 the scattering length density of the deuterated cellulose 1246:1302 In addition, by varying the amount of deuterated glycerol in the media it was possible to vary the scattering length density of the deuterated cellulose. 26577730 1 40 theme structural 220:229 arg1 properties 243:252 the structural and dynamic properties 216:252 the structural and dynamic properties 216:252 Isotopic enrichment of biomacromolecules is a widely used technique that enables the investigation of the structural and dynamic properties to provide information not accessible with natural abundance isotopic composition. 26577730 0 41 theme bacterial 14:22 arg1 cellulose 24:32 bacterial cellulose 14:32 bacterial cellulose 14:32 Production of bacterial cellulose with controlled deuterium-hydrogen substitution for neutron scattering studies. 26577730 9 42 theme synthetic 1566:1574 arg1 polymers 1576:1583 synthetic polymers 1566:1583 other biomacromolecules as well as synthetic polymers used for development of composite materials 1531:1627 The ability to control deuterium content of cellulose extends the range of experiments using techniques such as neutron scattering to reveal information about the structure and dynamics of cellulose, and its interactions with other biomacromolecules as well as synthetic polymers used for development of composite materials. 26577730 3 43 theme xylinus 468:474 arg1 subsp 476:480 Acetobacter xylinus subsp 456:480 Acetobacter xylinus subsp 456:480 A media formulation for growth of Acetobacter xylinus subsp. 26577730 7 44 from changes 1079:1085 arg1 cellulose 1094:1102 the cellulose 1090:1102 the cellulose due to substitution of deuterium for hydrogen 1090:1148 The small-angle neutron scattering profiles of the cellulose with different amounts of D incorporation are all similar indicating that there are no structural changes in the cellulose due to substitution of deuterium for hydrogen. 26577730 9 45 theme deuterium 1328:1336 arg1 content 1338:1344 deuterium content 1328:1344 deuterium content of cellulose 1328:1357 The ability to control deuterium content of cellulose extends the range of experiments using techniques such as neutron scattering to reveal information about the structure and dynamics of cellulose, and its interactions with other biomacromolecules as well as synthetic polymers used for development of composite materials. 26577730 1 46 theme dynamic 235:241 arg1 properties 243:252 the structural and dynamic properties 216:252 the structural and dynamic properties 216:252 Isotopic enrichment of biomacromolecules is a widely used technique that enables the investigation of the structural and dynamic properties to provide information not accessible with natural abundance isotopic composition. 26577730 3 47 theme subsp 476:480 arg1 growth 446:451 growth 446:451 growth of Acetobacter xylinus subsp 446:480 A media formulation for growth of Acetobacter xylinus subsp. 26577730 9 48 with interactions 1513:1524 arg1 polymers 1576:1583 synthetic polymers 1566:1583 other biomacromolecules as well as synthetic polymers used for development of composite materials 1531:1627 The ability to control deuterium content of cellulose extends the range of experiments using techniques such as neutron scattering to reveal information about the structure and dynamics of cellulose, and its interactions with other biomacromolecules as well as synthetic polymers used for development of composite materials. 26577730 9 48 with interactions 1513:1524 arg1 biomacromolecules 1537:1553 other biomacromolecules 1531:1553 other biomacromolecules as well as synthetic polymers used for development of composite materials 1531:1627 The ability to control deuterium content of cellulose extends the range of experiments using techniques such as neutron scattering to reveal information about the structure and dynamics of cellulose, and its interactions with other biomacromolecules as well as synthetic polymers used for development of composite materials. 26577730 6 49 theme cellulose 909:917 arg1 form 891:894 the perdeuterated form 873:894 the perdeuterated form of bacterial cellulose 873:917 Spectroscopic analysis and mass spectrometry show that the level of deuterium incorporation is high (>90%) for the perdeuterated form of bacterial cellulose. 26577730 6 50 theme deuterium 830:838 arg1 incorporation 840:852 deuterium incorporation 830:852 deuterium incorporation 830:852 Spectroscopic analysis and mass spectrometry show that the level of deuterium incorporation is high (>90%) for the perdeuterated form of bacterial cellulose. 26577730 1 51 theme properties 243:252 arg1 investigation 199:211 the investigation 195:211 the investigation of the structural and dynamic properties 195:252 Isotopic enrichment of biomacromolecules is a widely used technique that enables the investigation of the structural and dynamic properties to provide information not accessible with natural abundance isotopic composition. 26577730 7 52 theme due 1104:1106 arg1 cellulose 1094:1102 the cellulose 1090:1102 the cellulose due to substitution of deuterium for hydrogen 1090:1148 The small-angle neutron scattering profiles of the cellulose with different amounts of D incorporation are all similar indicating that there are no structural changes in the cellulose due to substitution of deuterium for hydrogen. 26577730 6 53 theme bacterial 899:907 arg1 cellulose 909:917 bacterial cellulose 899:917 bacterial cellulose 899:917 Spectroscopic analysis and mass spectrometry show that the level of deuterium incorporation is high (>90%) for the perdeuterated form of bacterial cellulose. 26577730 5 54 theme D 617:617 arg1 incorporation 619:631 D incorporation 617:631 D incorporation 617:631 The level of D incorporation can be varied by altering the ratio of deuterated and protiated glycerol used during cell growth in the D2O-based growth medium. 26577730 1 55 theme biomacromolecules 137:153 arg1 technique 172:180 a widely used technique 158:180 a widely used technique that enables the investigation of the structural and dynamic properties to provide information not accessible with natural abundance isotopic composition 158:334 Isotopic enrichment of biomacromolecules is a widely used technique that enables the investigation of the structural and dynamic properties to provide information not accessible with natural abundance isotopic composition. 26577730 1 55 theme biomacromolecules 137:153 arg1 enrichment 123:132 Isotopic enrichment 114:132 Isotopic enrichment of biomacromolecules 114:153 Isotopic enrichment of biomacromolecules is a widely used technique that enables the investigation of the structural and dynamic properties to provide information not accessible with natural abundance isotopic composition. 26577730 3 56 theme Acetobacter 456:466 arg1 subsp 476:480 Acetobacter xylinus subsp 456:480 Acetobacter xylinus subsp 456:480 A media formulation for growth of Acetobacter xylinus subsp. 26577730 9 57 theme neutron 1417:1423 arg1 scattering 1425:1434 neutron scattering 1417:1434 neutron scattering 1417:1434 The ability to control deuterium content of cellulose extends the range of experiments using techniques such as neutron scattering to reveal information about the structure and dynamics of cellulose, and its interactions with other biomacromolecules as well as synthetic polymers used for development of composite materials. 26577730 5 58 theme D2O-based 737:745 arg1 medium 754:759 the D2O-based growth medium 733:759 the D2O-based growth medium 733:759 The level of D incorporation can be varied by altering the ratio of deuterated and protiated glycerol used during cell growth in the D2O-based growth medium. 26577730 4 59 from production 569:578 arg1 oxide 597:601 deuterium (D) oxide 583:601 deuterium (D) oxide 583:601 sucrofermentans and Gluconacetobacter hansenii was formulated that supports cellulose production in deuterium (D) oxide. 26577730 5 60 theme incorporation 619:631 arg1 level 608:612 The level 604:612 The level of D incorporation 604:631 The level of D incorporation can be varied by altering the ratio of deuterated and protiated glycerol used during cell growth in the D2O-based growth medium. 26577730 7 61 theme cellulose 971:979 arg1 indicating 1039:1048 indicating 1039:1048 indicating that there are no structural changes in the cellulose due to substitution of deuterium for hydrogen 1039:1148 The small-angle neutron scattering profiles of the cellulose with different amounts of D incorporation are all similar indicating that there are no structural changes in the cellulose due to substitution of deuterium for hydrogen. 26577730 7 61 theme cellulose 971:979 arg1 profiles 955:962 The small-angle neutron scattering profiles 920:962 The small-angle neutron scattering profiles of the cellulose with different amounts of D incorporation 920:1021 The small-angle neutron scattering profiles of the cellulose with different amounts of D incorporation are all similar indicating that there are no structural changes in the cellulose due to substitution of deuterium for hydrogen. 26577730 7 61 theme cellulose 971:979 arg1 similar 1031:1037 similar 1031:1037 similar 1031:1037 The small-angle neutron scattering profiles of the cellulose with different amounts of D incorporation are all similar indicating that there are no structural changes in the cellulose due to substitution of deuterium for hydrogen. 26577730 5 62 theme growth 747:752 arg1 medium 754:759 the D2O-based growth medium 733:759 the D2O-based growth medium 733:759 The level of D incorporation can be varied by altering the ratio of deuterated and protiated glycerol used during cell growth in the D2O-based growth medium. 26577730 9 63 dep ability 1309:1315 arg1 control 1320:1326 control 1320:1326 to control deuterium content of cellulose 1317:1357 The ability to control deuterium content of cellulose extends the range of experiments using techniques such as neutron scattering to reveal information about the structure and dynamics of cellulose, and its interactions with other biomacromolecules as well as synthetic polymers used for development of composite materials. 26577730 0 64 with Production 0:9 arg1 substitution 69:80 controlled deuterium-hydrogen substitution 39:80 controlled deuterium-hydrogen substitution for neutron scattering studies 39:111 Production of bacterial cellulose with controlled deuterium-hydrogen substitution for neutron scattering studies. 26577730 2 65 theme deuterium 372:380 arg1 incorporation 382:394 deuterium incorporation 372:394 deuterium incorporation into bacterial cellulose 372:419 This study reports an approach for deuterium incorporation into bacterial cellulose. 26577730 8 66 from addition 1154:1161 arg1 possible 1229:1236 possible 1229:1236 possible 1229:1236 In addition, by varying the amount of deuterated glycerol in the media it was possible to vary the scattering length density of the deuterated cellulose. 26577730 7 67 theme structural 1068:1077 arg1 changes 1079:1085 no structural changes 1065:1085 no structural changes in the cellulose due to substitution of deuterium for hydrogen 1065:1148 The small-angle neutron scattering profiles of the cellulose with different amounts of D incorporation are all similar indicating that there are no structural changes in the cellulose due to substitution of deuterium for hydrogen. 26577730 4 68 theme Gluconacetobacter 503:519 arg1 hansenii 521:528 Gluconacetobacter hansenii 503:528 Gluconacetobacter hansenii 503:528 sucrofermentans and Gluconacetobacter hansenii was formulated that supports cellulose production in deuterium (D) oxide. 26577730 9 69 with information 1446:1456 arg1 polymers 1576:1583 synthetic polymers 1566:1583 other biomacromolecules as well as synthetic polymers used for development of composite materials 1531:1627 The ability to control deuterium content of cellulose extends the range of experiments using techniques such as neutron scattering to reveal information about the structure and dynamics of cellulose, and its interactions with other biomacromolecules as well as synthetic polymers used for development of composite materials. 26577730 9 69 with information 1446:1456 arg1 biomacromolecules 1537:1553 other biomacromolecules 1531:1553 other biomacromolecules as well as synthetic polymers used for development of composite materials 1531:1627 The ability to control deuterium content of cellulose extends the range of experiments using techniques such as neutron scattering to reveal information about the structure and dynamics of cellulose, and its interactions with other biomacromolecules as well as synthetic polymers used for development of composite materials. 26577730 0 70 theme neutron 86:92 arg1 studies 105:111 neutron scattering studies 86:111 neutron scattering studies 86:111 Production of bacterial cellulose with controlled deuterium-hydrogen substitution for neutron scattering studies. 26577730 9 71 theme other 1531:1535 arg1 biomacromolecules 1537:1553 other biomacromolecules 1531:1553 other biomacromolecules as well as synthetic polymers used for development of composite materials 1531:1627 The ability to control deuterium content of cellulose extends the range of experiments using techniques such as neutron scattering to reveal information about the structure and dynamics of cellulose, and its interactions with other biomacromolecules as well as synthetic polymers used for development of composite materials. 26577730 6 72 theme perdeuterated 877:889 arg1 form 891:894 the perdeuterated form 873:894 the perdeuterated form of bacterial cellulose 873:917 Spectroscopic analysis and mass spectrometry show that the level of deuterium incorporation is high (>90%) for the perdeuterated form of bacterial cellulose. 26577730 1 73 theme used 167:170 arg1 technique 172:180 a widely used technique 158:180 a widely used technique that enables the investigation of the structural and dynamic properties to provide information not accessible with natural abundance isotopic composition 158:334 Isotopic enrichment of biomacromolecules is a widely used technique that enables the investigation of the structural and dynamic properties to provide information not accessible with natural abundance isotopic composition. 26577730 1 73 theme used 167:170 arg1 enrichment 123:132 Isotopic enrichment 114:132 Isotopic enrichment of biomacromolecules 114:153 Isotopic enrichment of biomacromolecules is a widely used technique that enables the investigation of the structural and dynamic properties to provide information not accessible with natural abundance isotopic composition. 26577730 7 74 dep similar 1031:1037 arg1 indicating 1039:1048 indicating 1039:1048 indicating that there are no structural changes in the cellulose due to substitution of deuterium for hydrogen 1039:1148 The small-angle neutron scattering profiles of the cellulose with different amounts of D incorporation are all similar indicating that there are no structural changes in the cellulose due to substitution of deuterium for hydrogen. 26577730 7 74 dep similar 1031:1037 arg1 profiles 955:962 The small-angle neutron scattering profiles 920:962 The small-angle neutron scattering profiles of the cellulose with different amounts of D incorporation 920:1021 The small-angle neutron scattering profiles of the cellulose with different amounts of D incorporation are all similar indicating that there are no structural changes in the cellulose due to substitution of deuterium for hydrogen. 26577730 7 74 dep similar 1031:1037 arg1 similar 1031:1037 similar 1031:1037 similar 1031:1037 The small-angle neutron scattering profiles of the cellulose with different amounts of D incorporation are all similar indicating that there are no structural changes in the cellulose due to substitution of deuterium for hydrogen. 26577730 7 75 with profiles 955:962 arg1 amounts 996:1002 different amounts 986:1002 different amounts of D incorporation 986:1021 The small-angle neutron scattering profiles of the cellulose with different amounts of D incorporation are all similar indicating that there are no structural changes in the cellulose due to substitution of deuterium for hydrogen. 26577730 7 75 with profiles 955:962 arg1 incorporation 1009:1021 D incorporation 1007:1021 D incorporation 1007:1021 The small-angle neutron scattering profiles of the cellulose with different amounts of D incorporation are all similar indicating that there are no structural changes in the cellulose due to substitution of deuterium for hydrogen. 26577730 7 76 theme D 1007:1007 arg1 incorporation 1009:1021 D incorporation 1007:1021 D incorporation 1007:1021 The small-angle neutron scattering profiles of the cellulose with different amounts of D incorporation are all similar indicating that there are no structural changes in the cellulose due to substitution of deuterium for hydrogen. 26577730 7 77 theme scattering 944:953 arg1 indicating 1039:1048 indicating 1039:1048 indicating that there are no structural changes in the cellulose due to substitution of deuterium for hydrogen 1039:1148 The small-angle neutron scattering profiles of the cellulose with different amounts of D incorporation are all similar indicating that there are no structural changes in the cellulose due to substitution of deuterium for hydrogen. 26577730 7 77 theme scattering 944:953 arg1 profiles 955:962 The small-angle neutron scattering profiles 920:962 The small-angle neutron scattering profiles of the cellulose with different amounts of D incorporation 920:1021 The small-angle neutron scattering profiles of the cellulose with different amounts of D incorporation are all similar indicating that there are no structural changes in the cellulose due to substitution of deuterium for hydrogen. 26577730 7 77 theme scattering 944:953 arg1 similar 1031:1037 similar 1031:1037 similar 1031:1037 The small-angle neutron scattering profiles of the cellulose with different amounts of D incorporation are all similar indicating that there are no structural changes in the cellulose due to substitution of deuterium for hydrogen. 25575951 3 0 with microfibrils 495:506 arg1 size 562:565 submicron pore size 547:565 submicron pore size 547:565 Due to the unique structure of the MFC, which consists of nano-order-scale interconnected fibrils and microfibrils with greatly expanded surface area and submicron pore size compared to conventional cellulose, it was possible to enhance the effect of silane coupling agent and thereby improve the compatibility between the fibers and matrix and also the dispersibility of fibers. 25575951 3 0 with microfibrils 495:506 arg1 area 538:541 greatly expanded surface area 513:541 greatly expanded surface area 513:541 Due to the unique structure of the MFC, which consists of nano-order-scale interconnected fibrils and microfibrils with greatly expanded surface area and submicron pore size compared to conventional cellulose, it was possible to enhance the effect of silane coupling agent and thereby improve the compatibility between the fibers and matrix and also the dispersibility of fibers. 25575951 2 1 theme functional 342:351 arg1 group 353:357 an NH2 functional group 335:357 an NH2 functional group to improve fiber-matrix adhesion 335:390 The surface of the MFC fibers was treated with a silane coupling reagent having an NH2 functional group to improve fiber-matrix adhesion. 25575951 2 2 contain having 328:333 arg2 group 353:357 an NH2 functional group 335:357 an NH2 functional group to improve fiber-matrix adhesion 335:390 The surface of the MFC fibers was treated with a silane coupling reagent having an NH2 functional group to improve fiber-matrix adhesion. 25575951 2 2 contain having 328:333 arg1 reagent 320:326 a silane coupling reagent 302:326 a silane coupling reagent having an NH2 functional group to improve fiber-matrix adhesion 302:390 The surface of the MFC fibers was treated with a silane coupling reagent having an NH2 functional group to improve fiber-matrix adhesion. 25575951 2 3 theme NH2 338:340 arg1 group 353:357 an NH2 functional group 335:357 an NH2 functional group to improve fiber-matrix adhesion 335:390 The surface of the MFC fibers was treated with a silane coupling reagent having an NH2 functional group to improve fiber-matrix adhesion. 25575951 0 4 theme cellulose 85:93 arg1 composite 95:103 a microfibrillated cellulose composite 66:103 a microfibrillated cellulose composite 66:103 Effect of a silane coupling agent on the mechanical properties of a microfibrillated cellulose composite. 25575951 0 5 from Effect 0:5 arg1 properties 52:61 the mechanical properties 37:61 the mechanical properties of a microfibrillated cellulose composite 37:103 Effect of a silane coupling agent on the mechanical properties of a microfibrillated cellulose composite. 25575951 0 6 theme microfibrillated 68:83 arg1 composite 95:103 a microfibrillated cellulose composite 66:103 a microfibrillated cellulose composite 66:103 Effect of a silane coupling agent on the mechanical properties of a microfibrillated cellulose composite. 25575951 3 7 theme submicron 547:555 arg1 size 562:565 submicron pore size 547:565 submicron pore size 547:565 Due to the unique structure of the MFC, which consists of nano-order-scale interconnected fibrils and microfibrils with greatly expanded surface area and submicron pore size compared to conventional cellulose, it was possible to enhance the effect of silane coupling agent and thereby improve the compatibility between the fibers and matrix and also the dispersibility of fibers. 25575951 2 8 theme fibers 278:283 arg1 surface 259:265 The surface 255:265 The surface of the MFC fibers 255:283 The surface of the MFC fibers was treated with a silane coupling reagent having an NH2 functional group to improve fiber-matrix adhesion. 25575951 3 9 theme interconnected 468:481 arg1 fibrils 483:489 nano-order-scale interconnected fibrils 451:489 nano-order-scale interconnected fibrils 451:489 Due to the unique structure of the MFC, which consists of nano-order-scale interconnected fibrils and microfibrils with greatly expanded surface area and submicron pore size compared to conventional cellulose, it was possible to enhance the effect of silane coupling agent and thereby improve the compatibility between the fibers and matrix and also the dispersibility of fibers. 25575951 2 10 theme MFC 274:276 arg1 fibers 278:283 the MFC fibers 270:283 the MFC fibers 270:283 The surface of the MFC fibers was treated with a silane coupling reagent having an NH2 functional group to improve fiber-matrix adhesion. 25575951 0 11 theme composite 95:103 arg1 properties 52:61 the mechanical properties 37:61 the mechanical properties of a microfibrillated cellulose composite 37:103 Effect of a silane coupling agent on the mechanical properties of a microfibrillated cellulose composite. 25575951 3 12 theme MFC 428:430 arg1 structure 411:419 the unique structure 400:419 the unique structure of the MFC, which consists of nano-order-scale interconnected fibrils and microfibrils with greatly expanded surface area and submicron pore size compared to conventional cellulose 400:600 Due to the unique structure of the MFC, which consists of nano-order-scale interconnected fibrils and microfibrils with greatly expanded surface area and submicron pore size compared to conventional cellulose, it was possible to enhance the effect of silane coupling agent and thereby improve the compatibility between the fibers and matrix and also the dispersibility of fibers. 25575951 3 13 theme expanded 521:528 arg1 area 538:541 greatly expanded surface area 513:541 greatly expanded surface area 513:541 Due to the unique structure of the MFC, which consists of nano-order-scale interconnected fibrils and microfibrils with greatly expanded surface area and submicron pore size compared to conventional cellulose, it was possible to enhance the effect of silane coupling agent and thereby improve the compatibility between the fibers and matrix and also the dispersibility of fibers. 25575951 3 14 with fibrils 483:489 arg1 size 562:565 submicron pore size 547:565 submicron pore size 547:565 Due to the unique structure of the MFC, which consists of nano-order-scale interconnected fibrils and microfibrils with greatly expanded surface area and submicron pore size compared to conventional cellulose, it was possible to enhance the effect of silane coupling agent and thereby improve the compatibility between the fibers and matrix and also the dispersibility of fibers. 25575951 3 14 with fibrils 483:489 arg1 area 538:541 greatly expanded surface area 513:541 greatly expanded surface area 513:541 Due to the unique structure of the MFC, which consists of nano-order-scale interconnected fibrils and microfibrils with greatly expanded surface area and submicron pore size compared to conventional cellulose, it was possible to enhance the effect of silane coupling agent and thereby improve the compatibility between the fibers and matrix and also the dispersibility of fibers. 25575951 2 15 theme silane 304:309 arg1 reagent 320:326 a silane coupling reagent 302:326 a silane coupling reagent having an NH2 functional group to improve fiber-matrix adhesion 302:390 The surface of the MFC fibers was treated with a silane coupling reagent having an NH2 functional group to improve fiber-matrix adhesion. 25575951 2 16 theme fiber-matrix 370:381 arg1 adhesion 383:390 fiber-matrix adhesion 370:390 fiber-matrix adhesion 370:390 The surface of the MFC fibers was treated with a silane coupling reagent having an NH2 functional group to improve fiber-matrix adhesion. 25575951 0 17 theme silane 12:17 arg1 agent 28:32 a silane coupling agent 10:32 a silane coupling agent 10:32 Effect of a silane coupling agent on the mechanical properties of a microfibrillated cellulose composite. 25575951 3 18 theme pore 557:560 arg1 size 562:565 submicron pore size 547:565 submicron pore size 547:565 Due to the unique structure of the MFC, which consists of nano-order-scale interconnected fibrils and microfibrils with greatly expanded surface area and submicron pore size compared to conventional cellulose, it was possible to enhance the effect of silane coupling agent and thereby improve the compatibility between the fibers and matrix and also the dispersibility of fibers. 25575951 3 19 theme surface 530:536 arg1 area 538:541 greatly expanded surface area 513:541 greatly expanded surface area 513:541 Due to the unique structure of the MFC, which consists of nano-order-scale interconnected fibrils and microfibrils with greatly expanded surface area and submicron pore size compared to conventional cellulose, it was possible to enhance the effect of silane coupling agent and thereby improve the compatibility between the fibers and matrix and also the dispersibility of fibers. 25575951 0 20 theme agent 28:32 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of a silane coupling agent on the mechanical properties of a microfibrillated cellulose composite. 0:104 Effect of a silane coupling agent on the mechanical properties of a microfibrillated cellulose composite. 25575951 3 21 theme silane 644:649 arg1 agent 660:664 silane coupling agent 644:664 silane coupling agent 644:664 Due to the unique structure of the MFC, which consists of nano-order-scale interconnected fibrils and microfibrils with greatly expanded surface area and submicron pore size compared to conventional cellulose, it was possible to enhance the effect of silane coupling agent and thereby improve the compatibility between the fibers and matrix and also the dispersibility of fibers. 25575951 0 22 theme coupling 19:26 arg1 agent 28:32 a silane coupling agent 10:32 a silane coupling agent 10:32 Effect of a silane coupling agent on the mechanical properties of a microfibrillated cellulose composite. 25575951 3 23 theme unique 404:409 arg1 structure 411:419 the unique structure 400:419 the unique structure of the MFC, which consists of nano-order-scale interconnected fibrils and microfibrils with greatly expanded surface area and submicron pore size compared to conventional cellulose 400:600 Due to the unique structure of the MFC, which consists of nano-order-scale interconnected fibrils and microfibrils with greatly expanded surface area and submicron pore size compared to conventional cellulose, it was possible to enhance the effect of silane coupling agent and thereby improve the compatibility between the fibers and matrix and also the dispersibility of fibers. 25575951 3 24 dep enhance 622:628 arg1 improve 678:684 improve 678:684 improve the compatibility between the fibers and matrix 678:732 Due to the unique structure of the MFC, which consists of nano-order-scale interconnected fibrils and microfibrils with greatly expanded surface area and submicron pore size compared to conventional cellulose, it was possible to enhance the effect of silane coupling agent and thereby improve the compatibility between the fibers and matrix and also the dispersibility of fibers. 25575951 3 25 theme conventional 579:590 arg1 cellulose 592:600 conventional cellulose 579:600 conventional cellulose 579:600 Due to the unique structure of the MFC, which consists of nano-order-scale interconnected fibrils and microfibrils with greatly expanded surface area and submicron pore size compared to conventional cellulose, it was possible to enhance the effect of silane coupling agent and thereby improve the compatibility between the fibers and matrix and also the dispersibility of fibers. 25575951 1 26 theme Composite 106:114 arg1 materials 116:124 Composite materials 106:124 Composite materials reinforced with microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) fibers 106:180 Composite materials reinforced with microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) fibers were prepared and characterized in terms of their mechanical properties. 25575951 3 27 theme fibers 765:770 arg1 dispersibility 747:760 the dispersibility 743:760 the dispersibility of fibers 743:770 Due to the unique structure of the MFC, which consists of nano-order-scale interconnected fibrils and microfibrils with greatly expanded surface area and submicron pore size compared to conventional cellulose, it was possible to enhance the effect of silane coupling agent and thereby improve the compatibility between the fibers and matrix and also the dispersibility of fibers. 25575951 3 28 theme nano-order-scale 451:466 arg1 fibrils 483:489 nano-order-scale interconnected fibrils 451:489 nano-order-scale interconnected fibrils 451:489 Due to the unique structure of the MFC, which consists of nano-order-scale interconnected fibrils and microfibrils with greatly expanded surface area and submicron pore size compared to conventional cellulose, it was possible to enhance the effect of silane coupling agent and thereby improve the compatibility between the fibers and matrix and also the dispersibility of fibers. 25575951 3 29 theme coupling 651:658 arg1 agent 660:664 silane coupling agent 644:664 silane coupling agent 644:664 Due to the unique structure of the MFC, which consists of nano-order-scale interconnected fibrils and microfibrils with greatly expanded surface area and submicron pore size compared to conventional cellulose, it was possible to enhance the effect of silane coupling agent and thereby improve the compatibility between the fibers and matrix and also the dispersibility of fibers. 25575951 2 30 theme coupling 311:318 arg1 reagent 320:326 a silane coupling reagent 302:326 a silane coupling reagent having an NH2 functional group to improve fiber-matrix adhesion 302:390 The surface of the MFC fibers was treated with a silane coupling reagent having an NH2 functional group to improve fiber-matrix adhesion. 25575951 3 31 theme agent 660:664 arg1 effect 634:639 the effect 630:639 the effect of silane coupling agent 630:664 Due to the unique structure of the MFC, which consists of nano-order-scale interconnected fibrils and microfibrils with greatly expanded surface area and submicron pore size compared to conventional cellulose, it was possible to enhance the effect of silane coupling agent and thereby improve the compatibility between the fibers and matrix and also the dispersibility of fibers. 25575951 1 32 theme microfibrillated 142:157 arg1 cellulose 159:167 microfibrillated cellulose 142:167 microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) fibers 142:180 Composite materials reinforced with microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) fibers were prepared and characterized in terms of their mechanical properties. 25575951 1 32 theme microfibrillated 142:157 arg1 MFC 170:172 MFC 170:172 MFC 170:172 Composite materials reinforced with microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) fibers were prepared and characterized in terms of their mechanical properties. 25575951 1 33 theme mechanical 232:241 arg1 properties 243:252 their mechanical properties 226:252 their mechanical properties 226:252 Composite materials reinforced with microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) fibers were prepared and characterized in terms of their mechanical properties. 25575951 0 34 theme mechanical 41:50 arg1 properties 52:61 the mechanical properties 37:61 the mechanical properties of a microfibrillated cellulose composite 37:103 Effect of a silane coupling agent on the mechanical properties of a microfibrillated cellulose composite. 25575951 1 35 theme cellulose 159:167 arg1 fibers 175:180 microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) fibers 142:180 microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) fibers 142:180 Composite materials reinforced with microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) fibers were prepared and characterized in terms of their mechanical properties. 25575951 1 36 theme properties 243:252 arg1 terms 217:221 terms 217:221 terms of their mechanical properties 217:252 Composite materials reinforced with microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) fibers were prepared and characterized in terms of their mechanical properties. 28575967 0 0 theme cell-mediated 142:154 arg1 engineering 168:178 stem cell-mediated bone tissue engineering 137:178 stem cell-mediated bone tissue engineering 137:178 Constructing multi-component organic/inorganic composite bacterial cellulose-gelatin/hydroxyapatite double-network scaffold platform for stem cell-mediated bone tissue engineering. 28575967 7 1 theme ideal 1227:1231 arg1 platform 1247:1254 ideal bone scaffold platform 1227:1254 ideal bone scaffold platform 1227:1254 We hope the BC-GEL/HAp composite could be used as ideal bone scaffold platform or biomedical membrane in the future. 28575967 7 1 theme ideal 1227:1231 arg1 composite 1200:1208 the BC-GEL/HAp composite 1185:1208 the BC-GEL/HAp composite 1185:1208 We hope the BC-GEL/HAp composite could be used as ideal bone scaffold platform or biomedical membrane in the future. 28575967 2 2 used used 477:480 arg2 composite 416:424 Bacterial cellulose/gelatin (BC/GEL) double-network (DN) composite 359:424 Bacterial cellulose/gelatin (BC/GEL) double-network (DN) composite 359:424 Bacterial cellulose/gelatin (BC/GEL) double-network (DN) composite had excellent mechanical properties but was seldom used in biomedical fields. 28575967 2 3 theme excellent 430:438 arg1 properties 451:460 excellent mechanical properties 430:460 excellent mechanical properties 430:460 Bacterial cellulose/gelatin (BC/GEL) double-network (DN) composite had excellent mechanical properties but was seldom used in biomedical fields. 28575967 6 4 theme mesenchymal 1005:1015 arg1 cells 1022:1026 the rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells 977:1026 the rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) cultured on the BC-GEL/HAp 977:1062 In vitro cell culture demonstrated that the rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) cultured on the BC-GEL/HAp showed better adhesion and higher proliferation and differentiation potential than the cells cultured on BC/GEL. 28575967 6 4 theme mesenchymal 1005:1015 arg1 rBMSCs 1029:1034 rBMSCs 1029:1034 rBMSCs 1029:1034 In vitro cell culture demonstrated that the rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) cultured on the BC-GEL/HAp showed better adhesion and higher proliferation and differentiation potential than the cells cultured on BC/GEL. 28575967 1 5 theme tissue 333:338 arg1 engineering 340:350 bone tissue engineering 328:350 bone tissue engineering (BTE) 328:356 Bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite (BC/HAp) composite had good bioaffinity but its poor mechanical strength limited its widespread applications in bone tissue engineering (BTE). 28575967 1 5 theme tissue 333:338 arg1 BTE 353:355 BTE 353:355 BTE 353:355 Bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite (BC/HAp) composite had good bioaffinity but its poor mechanical strength limited its widespread applications in bone tissue engineering (BTE). 28575967 7 6 theme bone 1233:1236 arg1 platform 1247:1254 ideal bone scaffold platform 1227:1254 ideal bone scaffold platform 1227:1254 We hope the BC-GEL/HAp composite could be used as ideal bone scaffold platform or biomedical membrane in the future. 28575967 7 6 theme bone 1233:1236 arg1 composite 1200:1208 the BC-GEL/HAp composite 1185:1208 the BC-GEL/HAp composite 1185:1208 We hope the BC-GEL/HAp composite could be used as ideal bone scaffold platform or biomedical membrane in the future. 28575967 1 7 theme good 239:242 arg1 bioaffinity 244:254 good bioaffinity 239:254 good bioaffinity 239:254 Bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite (BC/HAp) composite had good bioaffinity but its poor mechanical strength limited its widespread applications in bone tissue engineering (BTE). 28575967 0 8 theme tissue 161:166 arg1 engineering 168:178 stem cell-mediated bone tissue engineering 137:178 stem cell-mediated bone tissue engineering 137:178 Constructing multi-component organic/inorganic composite bacterial cellulose-gelatin/hydroxyapatite double-network scaffold platform for stem cell-mediated bone tissue engineering. 28575967 6 9 theme stem 1017:1020 arg1 cells 1022:1026 the rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells 977:1026 the rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) cultured on the BC-GEL/HAp 977:1062 In vitro cell culture demonstrated that the rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) cultured on the BC-GEL/HAp showed better adhesion and higher proliferation and differentiation potential than the cells cultured on BC/GEL. 28575967 6 9 theme stem 1017:1020 arg1 rBMSCs 1029:1034 rBMSCs 1029:1034 rBMSCs 1029:1034 In vitro cell culture demonstrated that the rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) cultured on the BC-GEL/HAp showed better adhesion and higher proliferation and differentiation potential than the cells cultured on BC/GEL. 28575967 6 10 theme higher 1091:1096 arg1 proliferation 1098:1110 higher proliferation 1091:1110 higher proliferation 1091:1110 In vitro cell culture demonstrated that the rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) cultured on the BC-GEL/HAp showed better adhesion and higher proliferation and differentiation potential than the cells cultured on BC/GEL. 28575967 0 11 theme bone 156:159 arg1 engineering 168:178 stem cell-mediated bone tissue engineering 137:178 stem cell-mediated bone tissue engineering 137:178 Constructing multi-component organic/inorganic composite bacterial cellulose-gelatin/hydroxyapatite double-network scaffold platform for stem cell-mediated bone tissue engineering. 28575967 2 12 contain had 426:428 arg2 properties 451:460 excellent mechanical properties 430:460 excellent mechanical properties 430:460 Bacterial cellulose/gelatin (BC/GEL) double-network (DN) composite had excellent mechanical properties but was seldom used in biomedical fields. 28575967 2 12 contain had 426:428 arg1 composite 416:424 Bacterial cellulose/gelatin (BC/GEL) double-network (DN) composite 359:424 Bacterial cellulose/gelatin (BC/GEL) double-network (DN) composite 359:424 Bacterial cellulose/gelatin (BC/GEL) double-network (DN) composite had excellent mechanical properties but was seldom used in biomedical fields. 28575967 3 13 theme BC/HAp 640:645 arg1 advantages 626:635 the advantages 622:635 the advantages of BC/HAp and BC/GEL 622:656 In this regard, a multi-component organic/inorganic composite BC-GEL/HAp DN composite was synthesized, which combined the advantages of BC/HAp and BC/GEL. 28575967 2 14 theme Bacterial 359:367 arg1 composite 416:424 Bacterial cellulose/gelatin (BC/GEL) double-network (DN) composite 359:424 Bacterial cellulose/gelatin (BC/GEL) double-network (DN) composite 359:424 Bacterial cellulose/gelatin (BC/GEL) double-network (DN) composite had excellent mechanical properties but was seldom used in biomedical fields. 28575967 6 15 theme differentiation 1116:1130 arg1 potential 1132:1140 differentiation potential 1116:1140 differentiation potential 1116:1140 In vitro cell culture demonstrated that the rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) cultured on the BC-GEL/HAp showed better adhesion and higher proliferation and differentiation potential than the cells cultured on BC/GEL. 28575967 1 16 contain had 235:237 arg1 composite 225:233 Bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite (BC/HAp) composite 181:233 Bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite (BC/HAp) composite 181:233 Bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite (BC/HAp) composite had good bioaffinity but its poor mechanical strength limited its widespread applications in bone tissue engineering (BTE). 28575967 1 16 contain had 235:237 arg2 bioaffinity 244:254 good bioaffinity 239:254 good bioaffinity 239:254 Bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite (BC/HAp) composite had good bioaffinity but its poor mechanical strength limited its widespread applications in bone tissue engineering (BTE). 28575967 7 17 theme scaffold 1238:1245 arg1 platform 1247:1254 ideal bone scaffold platform 1227:1254 ideal bone scaffold platform 1227:1254 We hope the BC-GEL/HAp composite could be used as ideal bone scaffold platform or biomedical membrane in the future. 28575967 7 17 theme scaffold 1238:1245 arg1 composite 1200:1208 the BC-GEL/HAp composite 1185:1208 the BC-GEL/HAp composite 1185:1208 We hope the BC-GEL/HAp composite could be used as ideal bone scaffold platform or biomedical membrane in the future. 28575967 0 18 theme multi-component 13:27 arg1 platform 124:131 multi-component organic/inorganic composite bacterial cellulose-gelatin/hydroxyapatite double-network scaffold platform 13:131 multi-component organic/inorganic composite bacterial cellulose-gelatin/hydroxyapatite double-network scaffold platform for stem cell-mediated bone tissue engineering 13:178 Constructing multi-component organic/inorganic composite bacterial cellulose-gelatin/hydroxyapatite double-network scaffold platform for stem cell-mediated bone tissue engineering. 28575967 7 19 theme BC-GEL/HAp 1189:1198 arg1 composite 1200:1208 the BC-GEL/HAp composite 1185:1208 the BC-GEL/HAp composite 1185:1208 We hope the BC-GEL/HAp composite could be used as ideal bone scaffold platform or biomedical membrane in the future. 28575967 7 19 theme BC-GEL/HAp 1189:1198 arg1 membrane 1270:1277 biomedical membrane 1259:1277 biomedical membrane 1259:1277 We hope the BC-GEL/HAp composite could be used as ideal bone scaffold platform or biomedical membrane in the future. 28575967 7 19 theme BC-GEL/HAp 1189:1198 arg1 platform 1247:1254 ideal bone scaffold platform 1227:1254 ideal bone scaffold platform 1227:1254 We hope the BC-GEL/HAp composite could be used as ideal bone scaffold platform or biomedical membrane in the future. 28575967 2 20 theme double-network 396:409 arg1 composite 416:424 Bacterial cellulose/gelatin (BC/GEL) double-network (DN) composite 359:424 Bacterial cellulose/gelatin (BC/GEL) double-network (DN) composite 359:424 Bacterial cellulose/gelatin (BC/GEL) double-network (DN) composite had excellent mechanical properties but was seldom used in biomedical fields. 28575967 6 21 theme marrow-derived 990:1003 arg1 cells 1022:1026 the rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells 977:1026 the rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) cultured on the BC-GEL/HAp 977:1062 In vitro cell culture demonstrated that the rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) cultured on the BC-GEL/HAp showed better adhesion and higher proliferation and differentiation potential than the cells cultured on BC/GEL. 28575967 6 21 theme marrow-derived 990:1003 arg1 rBMSCs 1029:1034 rBMSCs 1029:1034 rBMSCs 1029:1034 In vitro cell culture demonstrated that the rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) cultured on the BC-GEL/HAp showed better adhesion and higher proliferation and differentiation potential than the cells cultured on BC/GEL. 28575967 6 22 dep In 937:938 arg1 vitro 940:944 vitro 940:944 vitro 940:944 In vitro cell culture demonstrated that the rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) cultured on the BC-GEL/HAp showed better adhesion and higher proliferation and differentiation potential than the cells cultured on BC/GEL. 28575967 6 23 theme cell 946:949 arg1 culture 951:957 In vitro cell culture 937:957 In vitro cell culture 937:957 In vitro cell culture demonstrated that the rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) cultured on the BC-GEL/HAp showed better adhesion and higher proliferation and differentiation potential than the cells cultured on BC/GEL. 28575967 1 24 theme poor 264:267 arg1 strength 280:287 its poor mechanical strength 260:287 its poor mechanical strength 260:287 Bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite (BC/HAp) composite had good bioaffinity but its poor mechanical strength limited its widespread applications in bone tissue engineering (BTE). 28575967 0 25 theme composite 47:55 arg1 platform 124:131 multi-component organic/inorganic composite bacterial cellulose-gelatin/hydroxyapatite double-network scaffold platform 13:131 multi-component organic/inorganic composite bacterial cellulose-gelatin/hydroxyapatite double-network scaffold platform for stem cell-mediated bone tissue engineering 13:178 Constructing multi-component organic/inorganic composite bacterial cellulose-gelatin/hydroxyapatite double-network scaffold platform for stem cell-mediated bone tissue engineering. 28575967 6 26 theme better 1071:1076 arg1 adhesion 1078:1085 better adhesion 1071:1085 better adhesion 1071:1085 In vitro cell culture demonstrated that the rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) cultured on the BC-GEL/HAp showed better adhesion and higher proliferation and differentiation potential than the cells cultured on BC/GEL. 28575967 1 27 theme mechanical 269:278 arg1 strength 280:287 its poor mechanical strength 260:287 its poor mechanical strength 260:287 Bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite (BC/HAp) composite had good bioaffinity but its poor mechanical strength limited its widespread applications in bone tissue engineering (BTE). 28575967 0 28 theme organic/inorganic 29:45 arg1 platform 124:131 multi-component organic/inorganic composite bacterial cellulose-gelatin/hydroxyapatite double-network scaffold platform 13:131 multi-component organic/inorganic composite bacterial cellulose-gelatin/hydroxyapatite double-network scaffold platform for stem cell-mediated bone tissue engineering 13:178 Constructing multi-component organic/inorganic composite bacterial cellulose-gelatin/hydroxyapatite double-network scaffold platform for stem cell-mediated bone tissue engineering. 28575967 5 29 theme mechanical 814:823 arg1 higher 909:914 higher 909:914 higher 909:914 Compression and tensile testing indicated that the mechanical strength of the BC-GEL/HAp was greatly reinforced compared with BC/HAp and was even higher than that of BC/GEL. 28575967 5 29 theme mechanical 814:823 arg1 strength 825:832 the mechanical strength 810:832 the mechanical strength of the BC-GEL/HAp 810:850 Compression and tensile testing indicated that the mechanical strength of the BC-GEL/HAp was greatly reinforced compared with BC/HAp and was even higher than that of BC/GEL. 28575967 3 30 theme BC/GEL 651:656 arg1 advantages 626:635 the advantages 622:635 the advantages of BC/HAp and BC/GEL 622:656 In this regard, a multi-component organic/inorganic composite BC-GEL/HAp DN composite was synthesized, which combined the advantages of BC/HAp and BC/GEL. 28575967 3 31 theme composite 556:564 arg1 composite 580:588 a multi-component organic/inorganic composite BC-GEL/HAp DN composite 520:588 a multi-component organic/inorganic composite BC-GEL/HAp DN composite 520:588 In this regard, a multi-component organic/inorganic composite BC-GEL/HAp DN composite was synthesized, which combined the advantages of BC/HAp and BC/GEL. 28575967 0 32 theme cellulose-gelatin/hydroxyapatite 67:98 arg1 platform 124:131 multi-component organic/inorganic composite bacterial cellulose-gelatin/hydroxyapatite double-network scaffold platform 13:131 multi-component organic/inorganic composite bacterial cellulose-gelatin/hydroxyapatite double-network scaffold platform for stem cell-mediated bone tissue engineering 13:178 Constructing multi-component organic/inorganic composite bacterial cellulose-gelatin/hydroxyapatite double-network scaffold platform for stem cell-mediated bone tissue engineering. 28575967 4 33 theme thermal 744:750 arg1 stability 752:760 higher thermal stability 737:760 higher thermal stability 737:760 Compared with BC/GEL, the BC-GEL/HAp exhibited rougher surface topography and higher thermal stability. 28575967 2 34 theme biomedical 485:494 arg1 fields 496:501 biomedical fields 485:501 biomedical fields 485:501 Bacterial cellulose/gelatin (BC/GEL) double-network (DN) composite had excellent mechanical properties but was seldom used in biomedical fields. 28575967 0 35 theme bacterial 57:65 arg1 platform 124:131 multi-component organic/inorganic composite bacterial cellulose-gelatin/hydroxyapatite double-network scaffold platform 13:131 multi-component organic/inorganic composite bacterial cellulose-gelatin/hydroxyapatite double-network scaffold platform for stem cell-mediated bone tissue engineering 13:178 Constructing multi-component organic/inorganic composite bacterial cellulose-gelatin/hydroxyapatite double-network scaffold platform for stem cell-mediated bone tissue engineering. 28575967 7 36 theme biomedical 1259:1268 arg1 composite 1200:1208 the BC-GEL/HAp composite 1185:1208 the BC-GEL/HAp composite 1185:1208 We hope the BC-GEL/HAp composite could be used as ideal bone scaffold platform or biomedical membrane in the future. 28575967 7 36 theme biomedical 1259:1268 arg1 membrane 1270:1277 biomedical membrane 1259:1277 biomedical membrane 1259:1277 We hope the BC-GEL/HAp composite could be used as ideal bone scaffold platform or biomedical membrane in the future. 28575967 5 37 theme BC-GEL/HAp 841:850 arg1 higher 909:914 higher 909:914 higher 909:914 Compression and tensile testing indicated that the mechanical strength of the BC-GEL/HAp was greatly reinforced compared with BC/HAp and was even higher than that of BC/GEL. 28575967 5 37 theme BC-GEL/HAp 841:850 arg1 strength 825:832 the mechanical strength 810:832 the mechanical strength of the BC-GEL/HAp 810:850 Compression and tensile testing indicated that the mechanical strength of the BC-GEL/HAp was greatly reinforced compared with BC/HAp and was even higher than that of BC/GEL. 28575967 3 38 theme multi-component 522:536 arg1 composite 580:588 a multi-component organic/inorganic composite BC-GEL/HAp DN composite 520:588 a multi-component organic/inorganic composite BC-GEL/HAp DN composite 520:588 In this regard, a multi-component organic/inorganic composite BC-GEL/HAp DN composite was synthesized, which combined the advantages of BC/HAp and BC/GEL. 28575967 0 39 theme scaffold 115:122 arg1 platform 124:131 multi-component organic/inorganic composite bacterial cellulose-gelatin/hydroxyapatite double-network scaffold platform 13:131 multi-component organic/inorganic composite bacterial cellulose-gelatin/hydroxyapatite double-network scaffold platform for stem cell-mediated bone tissue engineering 13:178 Constructing multi-component organic/inorganic composite bacterial cellulose-gelatin/hydroxyapatite double-network scaffold platform for stem cell-mediated bone tissue engineering. 28575967 5 40 theme tensile 779:785 arg1 testing 787:793 tensile testing 779:793 tensile testing 779:793 Compression and tensile testing indicated that the mechanical strength of the BC-GEL/HAp was greatly reinforced compared with BC/HAp and was even higher than that of BC/GEL. 28575967 1 41 theme Bacterial 181:189 arg1 BC/HAp 217:222 BC/HAp 217:222 BC/HAp 217:222 Bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite (BC/HAp) composite had good bioaffinity but its poor mechanical strength limited its widespread applications in bone tissue engineering (BTE). 28575967 1 41 theme Bacterial 181:189 arg1 cellulose/hydroxyapatite 191:214 Bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite 181:214 Bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite (BC/HAp) composite 181:233 Bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite (BC/HAp) composite had good bioaffinity but its poor mechanical strength limited its widespread applications in bone tissue engineering (BTE). 28575967 0 42 theme double-network 100:113 arg1 platform 124:131 multi-component organic/inorganic composite bacterial cellulose-gelatin/hydroxyapatite double-network scaffold platform 13:131 multi-component organic/inorganic composite bacterial cellulose-gelatin/hydroxyapatite double-network scaffold platform for stem cell-mediated bone tissue engineering 13:178 Constructing multi-component organic/inorganic composite bacterial cellulose-gelatin/hydroxyapatite double-network scaffold platform for stem cell-mediated bone tissue engineering. 28575967 6 43 link marrow-derived 990:1003 arg1 cells 1022:1026 the rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells 977:1026 the rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) cultured on the BC-GEL/HAp 977:1062 In vitro cell culture demonstrated that the rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) cultured on the BC-GEL/HAp showed better adhesion and higher proliferation and differentiation potential than the cells cultured on BC/GEL. 28575967 6 43 link marrow-derived 990:1003 arg1 rBMSCs 1029:1034 rBMSCs 1029:1034 rBMSCs 1029:1034 In vitro cell culture demonstrated that the rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) cultured on the BC-GEL/HAp showed better adhesion and higher proliferation and differentiation potential than the cells cultured on BC/GEL. 28575967 1 44 theme cellulose/hydroxyapatite 191:214 arg1 composite 225:233 Bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite (BC/HAp) composite 181:233 Bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite (BC/HAp) composite 181:233 Bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite (BC/HAp) composite had good bioaffinity but its poor mechanical strength limited its widespread applications in bone tissue engineering (BTE). 28575967 2 45 dep double-network 396:409 arg1 DN 412:413 DN 412:413 DN 412:413 Bacterial cellulose/gelatin (BC/GEL) double-network (DN) composite had excellent mechanical properties but was seldom used in biomedical fields. 28575967 1 46 theme widespread 301:310 arg1 applications 312:323 its widespread applications 297:323 its widespread applications in bone tissue engineering (BTE) 297:356 Bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite (BC/HAp) composite had good bioaffinity but its poor mechanical strength limited its widespread applications in bone tissue engineering (BTE). 28575967 1 47 from applications 312:323 arg1 engineering 340:350 bone tissue engineering 328:350 bone tissue engineering (BTE) 328:356 Bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite (BC/HAp) composite had good bioaffinity but its poor mechanical strength limited its widespread applications in bone tissue engineering (BTE). 28575967 1 47 from applications 312:323 arg1 BTE 353:355 BTE 353:355 BTE 353:355 Bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite (BC/HAp) composite had good bioaffinity but its poor mechanical strength limited its widespread applications in bone tissue engineering (BTE). 28575967 6 48 theme In 937:938 arg1 culture 951:957 In vitro cell culture 937:957 In vitro cell culture 937:957 In vitro cell culture demonstrated that the rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) cultured on the BC-GEL/HAp showed better adhesion and higher proliferation and differentiation potential than the cells cultured on BC/GEL. 28575967 3 49 theme DN 577:578 arg1 composite 580:588 a multi-component organic/inorganic composite BC-GEL/HAp DN composite 520:588 a multi-component organic/inorganic composite BC-GEL/HAp DN composite 520:588 In this regard, a multi-component organic/inorganic composite BC-GEL/HAp DN composite was synthesized, which combined the advantages of BC/HAp and BC/GEL. 28575967 3 50 theme BC-GEL/HAp 566:575 arg1 composite 580:588 a multi-component organic/inorganic composite BC-GEL/HAp DN composite 520:588 a multi-component organic/inorganic composite BC-GEL/HAp DN composite 520:588 In this regard, a multi-component organic/inorganic composite BC-GEL/HAp DN composite was synthesized, which combined the advantages of BC/HAp and BC/GEL. 28575967 4 51 theme higher 737:742 arg1 stability 752:760 higher thermal stability 737:760 higher thermal stability 737:760 Compared with BC/GEL, the BC-GEL/HAp exhibited rougher surface topography and higher thermal stability. 28575967 3 52 theme organic/inorganic 538:554 arg1 composite 580:588 a multi-component organic/inorganic composite BC-GEL/HAp DN composite 520:588 a multi-component organic/inorganic composite BC-GEL/HAp DN composite 520:588 In this regard, a multi-component organic/inorganic composite BC-GEL/HAp DN composite was synthesized, which combined the advantages of BC/HAp and BC/GEL. 28575967 4 53 theme surface 714:720 arg1 topography 722:731 rougher surface topography 706:731 rougher surface topography 706:731 Compared with BC/GEL, the BC-GEL/HAp exhibited rougher surface topography and higher thermal stability. 28575967 7 54 used used 1219:1222 arg2 membrane 1270:1277 biomedical membrane 1259:1277 biomedical membrane 1259:1277 We hope the BC-GEL/HAp composite could be used as ideal bone scaffold platform or biomedical membrane in the future. 28575967 7 54 used used 1219:1222 arg2 composite 1200:1208 the BC-GEL/HAp composite 1185:1208 the BC-GEL/HAp composite 1185:1208 We hope the BC-GEL/HAp composite could be used as ideal bone scaffold platform or biomedical membrane in the future. 28575967 7 54 used used 1219:1222 arg2 platform 1247:1254 ideal bone scaffold platform 1227:1254 ideal bone scaffold platform 1227:1254 We hope the BC-GEL/HAp composite could be used as ideal bone scaffold platform or biomedical membrane in the future. 28575967 4 55 theme rougher 706:712 arg1 topography 722:731 rougher surface topography 706:731 rougher surface topography 706:731 Compared with BC/GEL, the BC-GEL/HAp exhibited rougher surface topography and higher thermal stability. 28575967 2 56 theme mechanical 440:449 arg1 properties 451:460 excellent mechanical properties 430:460 excellent mechanical properties 430:460 Bacterial cellulose/gelatin (BC/GEL) double-network (DN) composite had excellent mechanical properties but was seldom used in biomedical fields. 28575967 1 57 theme bone 328:331 arg1 engineering 340:350 bone tissue engineering 328:350 bone tissue engineering (BTE) 328:356 Bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite (BC/HAp) composite had good bioaffinity but its poor mechanical strength limited its widespread applications in bone tissue engineering (BTE). 28575967 1 57 theme bone 328:331 arg1 BTE 353:355 BTE 353:355 BTE 353:355 Bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite (BC/HAp) composite had good bioaffinity but its poor mechanical strength limited its widespread applications in bone tissue engineering (BTE). 27987997 0 0 theme high 77:80 arg1 diet 86:89 high fat diet 77:89 high fat diet fed rats 77:98 Enhanced anti-obesity effects of complex of resistant starch and chitosan in high fat diet fed rats. 27987997 0 1 from effects 22:28 arg1 rats 95:98 high fat diet fed rats 77:98 high fat diet fed rats 77:98 Enhanced anti-obesity effects of complex of resistant starch and chitosan in high fat diet fed rats. 27987997 3 2 theme gene 692:695 arg1 GAPDH 759:763 gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH 738:763 gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH 738:763 Gene expression analysis demonstrated the fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis and metabolism gene SREBP-1, adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ, cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR, gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH, were significantly down-regulated, whilst lipid oxidation gene Acox1 and liver functional genes Gstm2, Gclc were up-regulated following CL consumption compared with single RS or CS treatment. 27987997 3 2 theme gene 692:695 arg1 HMGCR 731:735 cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR 704:735 cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR 704:735 Gene expression analysis demonstrated the fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis and metabolism gene SREBP-1, adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ, cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR, gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH, were significantly down-regulated, whilst lipid oxidation gene Acox1 and liver functional genes Gstm2, Gclc were up-regulated following CL consumption compared with single RS or CS treatment. 27987997 3 2 theme gene 692:695 arg1 PPARγ 697:701 adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ 666:701 adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ 666:701 Gene expression analysis demonstrated the fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis and metabolism gene SREBP-1, adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ, cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR, gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH, were significantly down-regulated, whilst lipid oxidation gene Acox1 and liver functional genes Gstm2, Gclc were up-regulated following CL consumption compared with single RS or CS treatment. 27987997 1 3 theme complexes 211:219 arg1 effect 144:149 the interventional effect 125:149 the interventional effect of resistant starch (RS), chitosan (CS) and chitosan-starch complexes (CL) on blood glucose, lipid composition and oxidative stress 125:281 This study investigated the interventional effect of resistant starch (RS), chitosan (CS) and chitosan-starch complexes (CL) on blood glucose, lipid composition and oxidative stress in high-fat diet fed rats. 27987997 2 4 theme adipose 416:422 arg1 mass 431:434 adipose tissue mass 416:434 adipose tissue mass 416:434 Compared with RS or CS alone, CL administration performed more efficiently in controlling body weight and adipose tissue mass, together with an increase in HDL-C concentration, oxidative stress suppression by increasing body antioxidant capacity. 27987997 1 5 theme high-fat 286:293 arg1 diet 295:298 high-fat diet 286:298 high-fat diet fed rats 286:307 This study investigated the interventional effect of resistant starch (RS), chitosan (CS) and chitosan-starch complexes (CL) on blood glucose, lipid composition and oxidative stress in high-fat diet fed rats. 27987997 2 6 theme antioxidant 535:545 arg1 capacity 547:554 body antioxidant capacity 530:554 body antioxidant capacity 530:554 Compared with RS or CS alone, CL administration performed more efficiently in controlling body weight and adipose tissue mass, together with an increase in HDL-C concentration, oxidative stress suppression by increasing body antioxidant capacity. 27987997 1 7 from effect 144:149 arg1 glucose 235:241 blood glucose 229:241 blood glucose 229:241 This study investigated the interventional effect of resistant starch (RS), chitosan (CS) and chitosan-starch complexes (CL) on blood glucose, lipid composition and oxidative stress in high-fat diet fed rats. 27987997 1 7 from effect 144:149 arg1 composition 250:260 lipid composition 244:260 lipid composition 244:260 This study investigated the interventional effect of resistant starch (RS), chitosan (CS) and chitosan-starch complexes (CL) on blood glucose, lipid composition and oxidative stress in high-fat diet fed rats. 27987997 1 7 from effect 144:149 arg1 stress 276:281 oxidative stress 266:281 oxidative stress 266:281 This study investigated the interventional effect of resistant starch (RS), chitosan (CS) and chitosan-starch complexes (CL) on blood glucose, lipid composition and oxidative stress in high-fat diet fed rats. 27987997 3 8 theme liver 839:843 arg1 Gstm2 862:866 liver functional genes Gstm2 839:866 liver functional genes Gstm2 839:866 Gene expression analysis demonstrated the fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis and metabolism gene SREBP-1, adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ, cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR, gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH, were significantly down-regulated, whilst lipid oxidation gene Acox1 and liver functional genes Gstm2, Gclc were up-regulated following CL consumption compared with single RS or CS treatment. 27987997 3 9 theme lipid 808:812 arg1 Acox1 829:833 lipid oxidation gene Acox1 808:833 lipid oxidation gene Acox1 808:833 Gene expression analysis demonstrated the fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis and metabolism gene SREBP-1, adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ, cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR, gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH, were significantly down-regulated, whilst lipid oxidation gene Acox1 and liver functional genes Gstm2, Gclc were up-regulated following CL consumption compared with single RS or CS treatment. 27987997 3 9 theme lipid 808:812 arg1 Gclc 869:872 Gclc 869:872 Gclc 869:872 Gene expression analysis demonstrated the fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis and metabolism gene SREBP-1, adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ, cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR, gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH, were significantly down-regulated, whilst lipid oxidation gene Acox1 and liver functional genes Gstm2, Gclc were up-regulated following CL consumption compared with single RS or CS treatment. 27987997 0 10 theme diet 86:89 arg1 rats 95:98 high fat diet fed rats 77:98 high fat diet fed rats 77:98 Enhanced anti-obesity effects of complex of resistant starch and chitosan in high fat diet fed rats. 27987997 1 11 theme diet 295:298 arg1 rats 304:307 high-fat diet fed rats 286:307 high-fat diet fed rats 286:307 This study investigated the interventional effect of resistant starch (RS), chitosan (CS) and chitosan-starch complexes (CL) on blood glucose, lipid composition and oxidative stress in high-fat diet fed rats. 27987997 2 12 theme body 530:533 arg1 capacity 547:554 body antioxidant capacity 530:554 body antioxidant capacity 530:554 Compared with RS or CS alone, CL administration performed more efficiently in controlling body weight and adipose tissue mass, together with an increase in HDL-C concentration, oxidative stress suppression by increasing body antioxidant capacity. 27987997 2 13 theme tissue 424:429 arg1 mass 431:434 adipose tissue mass 416:434 adipose tissue mass 416:434 Compared with RS or CS alone, CL administration performed more efficiently in controlling body weight and adipose tissue mass, together with an increase in HDL-C concentration, oxidative stress suppression by increasing body antioxidant capacity. 27987997 0 14 theme fat 82:84 arg1 diet 86:89 high fat diet 77:89 high fat diet fed rats 77:98 Enhanced anti-obesity effects of complex of resistant starch and chitosan in high fat diet fed rats. 27987997 1 15 theme fed 300:302 arg1 rats 304:307 high-fat diet fed rats 286:307 high-fat diet fed rats 286:307 This study investigated the interventional effect of resistant starch (RS), chitosan (CS) and chitosan-starch complexes (CL) on blood glucose, lipid composition and oxidative stress in high-fat diet fed rats. 27987997 3 16 theme functional 845:854 arg1 Gstm2 862:866 liver functional genes Gstm2 839:866 liver functional genes Gstm2 839:866 Gene expression analysis demonstrated the fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis and metabolism gene SREBP-1, adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ, cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR, gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH, were significantly down-regulated, whilst lipid oxidation gene Acox1 and liver functional genes Gstm2, Gclc were up-regulated following CL consumption compared with single RS or CS treatment. 27987997 4 17 theme stress 1029:1034 arg1 suppression 1036:1046 oxidative stress suppression 1019:1046 oxidative stress suppression by CL 1019:1052 Hypolipidemic effects were observed by CL administration and oxidative stress suppression by CL appeared to be associated with elevated antioxidant enzyme activity, increased lipid oxidation, as well as improved fatty acid and cholesterol homeostasis. 27987997 1 18 theme resistant 154:162 arg1 RS 172:173 RS 172:173 RS 172:173 This study investigated the interventional effect of resistant starch (RS), chitosan (CS) and chitosan-starch complexes (CL) on blood glucose, lipid composition and oxidative stress in high-fat diet fed rats. 27987997 1 18 theme resistant 154:162 arg1 starch 164:169 resistant starch 154:169 resistant starch (RS) 154:174 This study investigated the interventional effect of resistant starch (RS), chitosan (CS) and chitosan-starch complexes (CL) on blood glucose, lipid composition and oxidative stress in high-fat diet fed rats. 27987997 0 19 theme fed 91:93 arg1 rats 95:98 high fat diet fed rats 77:98 high fat diet fed rats 77:98 Enhanced anti-obesity effects of complex of resistant starch and chitosan in high fat diet fed rats. 27987997 3 20 theme adipocyte 666:674 arg1 GAPDH 759:763 gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH 738:763 gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH 738:763 Gene expression analysis demonstrated the fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis and metabolism gene SREBP-1, adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ, cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR, gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH, were significantly down-regulated, whilst lipid oxidation gene Acox1 and liver functional genes Gstm2, Gclc were up-regulated following CL consumption compared with single RS or CS treatment. 27987997 3 20 theme adipocyte 666:674 arg1 HMGCR 731:735 cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR 704:735 cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR 704:735 Gene expression analysis demonstrated the fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis and metabolism gene SREBP-1, adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ, cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR, gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH, were significantly down-regulated, whilst lipid oxidation gene Acox1 and liver functional genes Gstm2, Gclc were up-regulated following CL consumption compared with single RS or CS treatment. 27987997 3 20 theme adipocyte 666:674 arg1 PPARγ 697:701 adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ 666:701 adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ 666:701 Gene expression analysis demonstrated the fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis and metabolism gene SREBP-1, adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ, cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR, gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH, were significantly down-regulated, whilst lipid oxidation gene Acox1 and liver functional genes Gstm2, Gclc were up-regulated following CL consumption compared with single RS or CS treatment. 27987997 4 21 theme cholesterol 1185:1195 arg1 homeostasis 1197:1207 cholesterol homeostasis 1185:1207 cholesterol homeostasis 1185:1207 Hypolipidemic effects were observed by CL administration and oxidative stress suppression by CL appeared to be associated with elevated antioxidant enzyme activity, increased lipid oxidation, as well as improved fatty acid and cholesterol homeostasis. 27987997 4 22 theme lipid 1133:1137 arg1 oxidation 1139:1147 increased lipid oxidation 1123:1147 increased lipid oxidation 1123:1147 Hypolipidemic effects were observed by CL administration and oxidative stress suppression by CL appeared to be associated with elevated antioxidant enzyme activity, increased lipid oxidation, as well as improved fatty acid and cholesterol homeostasis. 27987997 1 23 theme starch 164:169 arg1 effect 144:149 the interventional effect 125:149 the interventional effect of resistant starch (RS), chitosan (CS) and chitosan-starch complexes (CL) on blood glucose, lipid composition and oxidative stress 125:281 This study investigated the interventional effect of resistant starch (RS), chitosan (CS) and chitosan-starch complexes (CL) on blood glucose, lipid composition and oxidative stress in high-fat diet fed rats. 27987997 0 24 theme anti-obesity 9:20 arg1 effects 22:28 anti-obesity effects 9:28 anti-obesity effects of complex of resistant starch and chitosan in high fat diet fed rats 9:98 Enhanced anti-obesity effects of complex of resistant starch and chitosan in high fat diet fed rats. 27987997 3 25 theme differentiation 676:690 arg1 GAPDH 759:763 gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH 738:763 gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH 738:763 Gene expression analysis demonstrated the fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis and metabolism gene SREBP-1, adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ, cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR, gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH, were significantly down-regulated, whilst lipid oxidation gene Acox1 and liver functional genes Gstm2, Gclc were up-regulated following CL consumption compared with single RS or CS treatment. 27987997 3 25 theme differentiation 676:690 arg1 HMGCR 731:735 cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR 704:735 cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR 704:735 Gene expression analysis demonstrated the fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis and metabolism gene SREBP-1, adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ, cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR, gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH, were significantly down-regulated, whilst lipid oxidation gene Acox1 and liver functional genes Gstm2, Gclc were up-regulated following CL consumption compared with single RS or CS treatment. 27987997 3 25 theme differentiation 676:690 arg1 PPARγ 697:701 adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ 666:701 adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ 666:701 Gene expression analysis demonstrated the fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis and metabolism gene SREBP-1, adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ, cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR, gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH, were significantly down-regulated, whilst lipid oxidation gene Acox1 and liver functional genes Gstm2, Gclc were up-regulated following CL consumption compared with single RS or CS treatment. 27987997 4 26 theme increased 1123:1131 arg1 oxidation 1139:1147 increased lipid oxidation 1123:1147 increased lipid oxidation 1123:1147 Hypolipidemic effects were observed by CL administration and oxidative stress suppression by CL appeared to be associated with elevated antioxidant enzyme activity, increased lipid oxidation, as well as improved fatty acid and cholesterol homeostasis. 27987997 3 27 theme gene 652:655 arg1 SREBP-1 657:663 gene SREBP-1 652:663 gene SREBP-1 652:663 Gene expression analysis demonstrated the fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis and metabolism gene SREBP-1, adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ, cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR, gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH, were significantly down-regulated, whilst lipid oxidation gene Acox1 and liver functional genes Gstm2, Gclc were up-regulated following CL consumption compared with single RS or CS treatment. 27987997 4 28 theme CL 997:998 arg1 administration 1000:1013 CL administration 997:1013 CL administration 997:1013 Hypolipidemic effects were observed by CL administration and oxidative stress suppression by CL appeared to be associated with elevated antioxidant enzyme activity, increased lipid oxidation, as well as improved fatty acid and cholesterol homeostasis. 27987997 3 29 theme synthesis 716:724 arg1 HMGCR 731:735 cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR 704:735 cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR 704:735 Gene expression analysis demonstrated the fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis and metabolism gene SREBP-1, adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ, cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR, gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH, were significantly down-regulated, whilst lipid oxidation gene Acox1 and liver functional genes Gstm2, Gclc were up-regulated following CL consumption compared with single RS or CS treatment. 27987997 3 29 theme synthesis 716:724 arg1 PPARγ 697:701 adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ 666:701 adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ 666:701 Gene expression analysis demonstrated the fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis and metabolism gene SREBP-1, adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ, cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR, gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH, were significantly down-regulated, whilst lipid oxidation gene Acox1 and liver functional genes Gstm2, Gclc were up-regulated following CL consumption compared with single RS or CS treatment. 27987997 3 30 theme gene 754:757 arg1 GAPDH 759:763 gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH 738:763 gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH 738:763 Gene expression analysis demonstrated the fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis and metabolism gene SREBP-1, adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ, cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR, gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH, were significantly down-regulated, whilst lipid oxidation gene Acox1 and liver functional genes Gstm2, Gclc were up-regulated following CL consumption compared with single RS or CS treatment. 27987997 3 30 theme gene 754:757 arg1 PPARγ 697:701 adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ 666:701 adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ 666:701 Gene expression analysis demonstrated the fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis and metabolism gene SREBP-1, adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ, cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR, gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH, were significantly down-regulated, whilst lipid oxidation gene Acox1 and liver functional genes Gstm2, Gclc were up-regulated following CL consumption compared with single RS or CS treatment. 27987997 3 31 dep acid 605:608 arg1 SREBP-1 657:663 gene SREBP-1 652:663 gene SREBP-1 652:663 Gene expression analysis demonstrated the fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis and metabolism gene SREBP-1, adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ, cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR, gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH, were significantly down-regulated, whilst lipid oxidation gene Acox1 and liver functional genes Gstm2, Gclc were up-regulated following CL consumption compared with single RS or CS treatment. 27987997 4 32 theme oxidative 1019:1027 arg1 suppression 1036:1046 oxidative stress suppression 1019:1046 oxidative stress suppression by CL 1019:1052 Hypolipidemic effects were observed by CL administration and oxidative stress suppression by CL appeared to be associated with elevated antioxidant enzyme activity, increased lipid oxidation, as well as improved fatty acid and cholesterol homeostasis. 27987997 1 33 theme blood 229:233 arg1 glucose 235:241 blood glucose 229:241 blood glucose 229:241 This study investigated the interventional effect of resistant starch (RS), chitosan (CS) and chitosan-starch complexes (CL) on blood glucose, lipid composition and oxidative stress in high-fat diet fed rats. 27987997 4 34 theme Hypolipidemic 958:970 arg1 effects 972:978 Hypolipidemic effects 958:978 Hypolipidemic effects 958:978 Hypolipidemic effects were observed by CL administration and oxidative stress suppression by CL appeared to be associated with elevated antioxidant enzyme activity, increased lipid oxidation, as well as improved fatty acid and cholesterol homeostasis. 27987997 3 35 theme fatty 599:603 arg1 acid 605:608 the fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis 595:635 acid 605:608 Gene expression analysis demonstrated the fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis and metabolism gene SREBP-1, adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ, cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR, gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH, were significantly down-regulated, whilst lipid oxidation gene Acox1 and liver functional genes Gstm2, Gclc were up-regulated following CL consumption compared with single RS or CS treatment. 27987997 4 36 theme antioxidant 1094:1104 arg1 activity 1113:1120 elevated antioxidant enzyme activity 1085:1120 elevated antioxidant enzyme activity 1085:1120 Hypolipidemic effects were observed by CL administration and oxidative stress suppression by CL appeared to be associated with elevated antioxidant enzyme activity, increased lipid oxidation, as well as improved fatty acid and cholesterol homeostasis. 27987997 4 37 theme enzyme 1106:1111 arg1 activity 1113:1120 elevated antioxidant enzyme activity 1085:1120 elevated antioxidant enzyme activity 1085:1120 Hypolipidemic effects were observed by CL administration and oxidative stress suppression by CL appeared to be associated with elevated antioxidant enzyme activity, increased lipid oxidation, as well as improved fatty acid and cholesterol homeostasis. 27987997 2 38 theme CL 340:341 arg1 administration 343:356 CL administration 340:356 CL administration 340:356 Compared with RS or CS alone, CL administration performed more efficiently in controlling body weight and adipose tissue mass, together with an increase in HDL-C concentration, oxidative stress suppression by increasing body antioxidant capacity. 27987997 3 39 theme cholesterol 704:714 arg1 HMGCR 731:735 cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR 704:735 cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR 704:735 Gene expression analysis demonstrated the fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis and metabolism gene SREBP-1, adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ, cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR, gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH, were significantly down-regulated, whilst lipid oxidation gene Acox1 and liver functional genes Gstm2, Gclc were up-regulated following CL consumption compared with single RS or CS treatment. 27987997 3 39 theme cholesterol 704:714 arg1 PPARγ 697:701 adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ 666:701 adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ 666:701 Gene expression analysis demonstrated the fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis and metabolism gene SREBP-1, adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ, cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR, gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH, were significantly down-regulated, whilst lipid oxidation gene Acox1 and liver functional genes Gstm2, Gclc were up-regulated following CL consumption compared with single RS or CS treatment. 27987997 2 40 theme HDL-C 466:470 arg1 concentration 472:484 HDL-C concentration 466:484 HDL-C concentration 466:484 Compared with RS or CS alone, CL administration performed more efficiently in controlling body weight and adipose tissue mass, together with an increase in HDL-C concentration, oxidative stress suppression by increasing body antioxidant capacity. 27987997 3 41 theme CL 902:903 arg1 consumption 905:915 CL consumption 902:915 CL consumption 902:915 Gene expression analysis demonstrated the fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis and metabolism gene SREBP-1, adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ, cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR, gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH, were significantly down-regulated, whilst lipid oxidation gene Acox1 and liver functional genes Gstm2, Gclc were up-regulated following CL consumption compared with single RS or CS treatment. 27987997 1 42 theme chitosan 177:184 arg1 effect 144:149 the interventional effect 125:149 the interventional effect of resistant starch (RS), chitosan (CS) and chitosan-starch complexes (CL) on blood glucose, lipid composition and oxidative stress 125:281 This study investigated the interventional effect of resistant starch (RS), chitosan (CS) and chitosan-starch complexes (CL) on blood glucose, lipid composition and oxidative stress in high-fat diet fed rats. 27987997 0 43 theme complex 33:39 arg1 effects 22:28 anti-obesity effects 9:28 anti-obesity effects of complex of resistant starch and chitosan in high fat diet fed rats 9:98 Enhanced anti-obesity effects of complex of resistant starch and chitosan in high fat diet fed rats. 27987997 1 44 theme lipid 244:248 arg1 composition 250:260 lipid composition 244:260 lipid composition 244:260 This study investigated the interventional effect of resistant starch (RS), chitosan (CS) and chitosan-starch complexes (CL) on blood glucose, lipid composition and oxidative stress in high-fat diet fed rats. 27987997 4 45 theme improved 1161:1168 arg1 acid 1176:1179 improved fatty acid 1161:1179 improved fatty acid 1161:1179 Hypolipidemic effects were observed by CL administration and oxidative stress suppression by CL appeared to be associated with elevated antioxidant enzyme activity, increased lipid oxidation, as well as improved fatty acid and cholesterol homeostasis. 27987997 0 46 theme starch 54:59 arg1 complex 33:39 complex 33:39 complex of resistant starch and chitosan 33:72 Enhanced anti-obesity effects of complex of resistant starch and chitosan in high fat diet fed rats. 27987997 3 47 theme gluconeogenesis 738:752 arg1 GAPDH 759:763 gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH 738:763 gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH 738:763 Gene expression analysis demonstrated the fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis and metabolism gene SREBP-1, adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ, cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR, gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH, were significantly down-regulated, whilst lipid oxidation gene Acox1 and liver functional genes Gstm2, Gclc were up-regulated following CL consumption compared with single RS or CS treatment. 27987997 3 47 theme gluconeogenesis 738:752 arg1 PPARγ 697:701 adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ 666:701 adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ 666:701 Gene expression analysis demonstrated the fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis and metabolism gene SREBP-1, adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ, cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR, gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH, were significantly down-regulated, whilst lipid oxidation gene Acox1 and liver functional genes Gstm2, Gclc were up-regulated following CL consumption compared with single RS or CS treatment. 27987997 3 48 theme gene 726:729 arg1 HMGCR 731:735 cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR 704:735 cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR 704:735 Gene expression analysis demonstrated the fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis and metabolism gene SREBP-1, adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ, cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR, gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH, were significantly down-regulated, whilst lipid oxidation gene Acox1 and liver functional genes Gstm2, Gclc were up-regulated following CL consumption compared with single RS or CS treatment. 27987997 3 48 theme gene 726:729 arg1 PPARγ 697:701 adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ 666:701 adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ 666:701 Gene expression analysis demonstrated the fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis and metabolism gene SREBP-1, adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ, cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR, gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH, were significantly down-regulated, whilst lipid oxidation gene Acox1 and liver functional genes Gstm2, Gclc were up-regulated following CL consumption compared with single RS or CS treatment. 27987997 0 49 theme resistant 44:52 arg1 starch 54:59 resistant starch 44:59 resistant starch 44:59 Enhanced anti-obesity effects of complex of resistant starch and chitosan in high fat diet fed rats. 27987997 4 50 theme elevated 1085:1092 arg1 activity 1113:1120 elevated antioxidant enzyme activity 1085:1120 elevated antioxidant enzyme activity 1085:1120 Hypolipidemic effects were observed by CL administration and oxidative stress suppression by CL appeared to be associated with elevated antioxidant enzyme activity, increased lipid oxidation, as well as improved fatty acid and cholesterol homeostasis. 27987997 1 51 theme oxidative 266:274 arg1 stress 276:281 oxidative stress 266:281 oxidative stress 266:281 This study investigated the interventional effect of resistant starch (RS), chitosan (CS) and chitosan-starch complexes (CL) on blood glucose, lipid composition and oxidative stress in high-fat diet fed rats. 27987997 2 52 theme stress 497:502 arg1 suppression 504:514 oxidative stress suppression 487:514 oxidative stress suppression 487:514 Compared with RS or CS alone, CL administration performed more efficiently in controlling body weight and adipose tissue mass, together with an increase in HDL-C concentration, oxidative stress suppression by increasing body antioxidant capacity. 27987997 3 53 theme expression 562:571 arg1 analysis 573:580 Gene expression analysis 557:580 Gene expression analysis 557:580 Gene expression analysis demonstrated the fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis and metabolism gene SREBP-1, adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ, cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR, gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH, were significantly down-regulated, whilst lipid oxidation gene Acox1 and liver functional genes Gstm2, Gclc were up-regulated following CL consumption compared with single RS or CS treatment. 27987997 3 54 theme single 931:936 arg1 RS 938:939 single RS 931:939 single RS 931:939 Gene expression analysis demonstrated the fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis and metabolism gene SREBP-1, adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ, cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR, gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH, were significantly down-regulated, whilst lipid oxidation gene Acox1 and liver functional genes Gstm2, Gclc were up-regulated following CL consumption compared with single RS or CS treatment. 27987997 2 55 theme oxidative 487:495 arg1 suppression 504:514 oxidative stress suppression 487:514 oxidative stress suppression 487:514 Compared with RS or CS alone, CL administration performed more efficiently in controlling body weight and adipose tissue mass, together with an increase in HDL-C concentration, oxidative stress suppression by increasing body antioxidant capacity. 27987997 2 56 from increase 454:461 arg1 concentration 472:484 HDL-C concentration 466:484 HDL-C concentration 466:484 Compared with RS or CS alone, CL administration performed more efficiently in controlling body weight and adipose tissue mass, together with an increase in HDL-C concentration, oxidative stress suppression by increasing body antioxidant capacity. 27987997 3 57 theme oxidation 814:822 arg1 Acox1 829:833 lipid oxidation gene Acox1 808:833 lipid oxidation gene Acox1 808:833 Gene expression analysis demonstrated the fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis and metabolism gene SREBP-1, adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ, cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR, gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH, were significantly down-regulated, whilst lipid oxidation gene Acox1 and liver functional genes Gstm2, Gclc were up-regulated following CL consumption compared with single RS or CS treatment. 27987997 3 57 theme oxidation 814:822 arg1 Gclc 869:872 Gclc 869:872 Gclc 869:872 Gene expression analysis demonstrated the fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis and metabolism gene SREBP-1, adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ, cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR, gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH, were significantly down-regulated, whilst lipid oxidation gene Acox1 and liver functional genes Gstm2, Gclc were up-regulated following CL consumption compared with single RS or CS treatment. 27987997 0 58 theme chitosan 65:72 arg1 complex 33:39 complex 33:39 complex of resistant starch and chitosan 33:72 Enhanced anti-obesity effects of complex of resistant starch and chitosan in high fat diet fed rats. 27987997 3 59 theme triglyceride 614:625 arg1 synthesis 627:635 the fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis 595:635 synthesis 627:635 Gene expression analysis demonstrated the fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis and metabolism gene SREBP-1, adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ, cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR, gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH, were significantly down-regulated, whilst lipid oxidation gene Acox1 and liver functional genes Gstm2, Gclc were up-regulated following CL consumption compared with single RS or CS treatment. 27987997 3 60 theme gene 824:827 arg1 Acox1 829:833 lipid oxidation gene Acox1 808:833 lipid oxidation gene Acox1 808:833 Gene expression analysis demonstrated the fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis and metabolism gene SREBP-1, adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ, cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR, gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH, were significantly down-regulated, whilst lipid oxidation gene Acox1 and liver functional genes Gstm2, Gclc were up-regulated following CL consumption compared with single RS or CS treatment. 27987997 3 60 theme gene 824:827 arg1 Gclc 869:872 Gclc 869:872 Gclc 869:872 Gene expression analysis demonstrated the fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis and metabolism gene SREBP-1, adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ, cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR, gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH, were significantly down-regulated, whilst lipid oxidation gene Acox1 and liver functional genes Gstm2, Gclc were up-regulated following CL consumption compared with single RS or CS treatment. 27987997 2 61 theme body 400:403 arg1 weight 405:410 body weight 400:410 body weight 400:410 Compared with RS or CS alone, CL administration performed more efficiently in controlling body weight and adipose tissue mass, together with an increase in HDL-C concentration, oxidative stress suppression by increasing body antioxidant capacity. 27987997 4 62 theme fatty 1170:1174 arg1 acid 1176:1179 improved fatty acid 1161:1179 improved fatty acid 1161:1179 Hypolipidemic effects were observed by CL administration and oxidative stress suppression by CL appeared to be associated with elevated antioxidant enzyme activity, increased lipid oxidation, as well as improved fatty acid and cholesterol homeostasis. 27987997 3 63 theme Gene 557:560 arg1 analysis 573:580 Gene expression analysis 557:580 Gene expression analysis 557:580 Gene expression analysis demonstrated the fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis and metabolism gene SREBP-1, adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ, cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR, gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH, were significantly down-regulated, whilst lipid oxidation gene Acox1 and liver functional genes Gstm2, Gclc were up-regulated following CL consumption compared with single RS or CS treatment. 27987997 3 64 theme CS 944:945 arg1 treatment 947:955 CS treatment 944:955 CS treatment 944:955 Gene expression analysis demonstrated the fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis and metabolism gene SREBP-1, adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ, cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR, gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH, were significantly down-regulated, whilst lipid oxidation gene Acox1 and liver functional genes Gstm2, Gclc were up-regulated following CL consumption compared with single RS or CS treatment. 27987997 1 65 theme interventional 129:142 arg1 effect 144:149 the interventional effect 125:149 the interventional effect of resistant starch (RS), chitosan (CS) and chitosan-starch complexes (CL) on blood glucose, lipid composition and oxidative stress 125:281 This study investigated the interventional effect of resistant starch (RS), chitosan (CS) and chitosan-starch complexes (CL) on blood glucose, lipid composition and oxidative stress in high-fat diet fed rats. 27987997 3 66 theme genes 856:860 arg1 Gstm2 862:866 liver functional genes Gstm2 839:866 liver functional genes Gstm2 839:866 Gene expression analysis demonstrated the fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis and metabolism gene SREBP-1, adipocyte differentiation gene PPARγ, cholesterol synthesis gene HMGCR, gluconeogenesis gene GAPDH, were significantly down-regulated, whilst lipid oxidation gene Acox1 and liver functional genes Gstm2, Gclc were up-regulated following CL consumption compared with single RS or CS treatment. 27987997 1 67 theme chitosan-starch 195:209 arg1 CL 222:223 CL 222:223 CL 222:223 This study investigated the interventional effect of resistant starch (RS), chitosan (CS) and chitosan-starch complexes (CL) on blood glucose, lipid composition and oxidative stress in high-fat diet fed rats. 27987997 1 67 theme chitosan-starch 195:209 arg1 complexes 211:219 chitosan-starch complexes 195:219 chitosan-starch complexes (CL) 195:224 This study investigated the interventional effect of resistant starch (RS), chitosan (CS) and chitosan-starch complexes (CL) on blood glucose, lipid composition and oxidative stress in high-fat diet fed rats. 25481031 3 0 theme element 538:544 arg1 analyses 546:553 experimental and finite element analyses 514:553 experimental and finite element analyses 514:553 In this study, we performed experimental and finite element analyses to study the mechanical properties of sugar microneedles and evaluate the effect of sugar composition on microneedle ability to penetrate and deliver drug to the skin. 25481031 1 1 theme transdermal 190:200 arg1 delivery 207:214 transdermal drug delivery 190:214 transdermal drug delivery 190:214 Dissolving microneedles are especially attractive for transdermal drug delivery as they are associated with improved patient compliance and safety. 25481031 0 2 theme element 108:114 arg1 analyses 126:133 element modelling analyses 108:133 element modelling analyses 108:133 Structural characterisation and transdermal delivery studies on sugar microneedles: experimental and finite element modelling analyses. 25481031 5 3 theme modulus 1091:1097 arg1 values 1099:1104 the Young's modulus values 1079:1104 the Young's modulus values of the sugar constituents of each microneedle 1079:1150 Buckling was predicted to be the main mode of microneedle failure and the order of buckling was positively correlated to the Young's modulus values of the sugar constituents of each microneedle. 25481031 5 4 theme buckling 1041:1048 arg1 order 1032:1036 the order 1028:1036 the order of buckling 1028:1048 Buckling was predicted to be the main mode of microneedle failure and the order of buckling was positively correlated to the Young's modulus values of the sugar constituents of each microneedle. 25481031 3 5 theme microneedles 599:610 arg1 properties 579:588 the mechanical properties 564:588 the mechanical properties of sugar microneedles 564:610 In this study, we performed experimental and finite element analyses to study the mechanical properties of sugar microneedles and evaluate the effect of sugar composition on microneedle ability to penetrate and deliver drug to the skin. 25481031 3 6 theme experimental 514:525 arg1 analyses 546:553 experimental and finite element analyses 514:553 experimental and finite element analyses 514:553 In this study, we performed experimental and finite element analyses to study the mechanical properties of sugar microneedles and evaluate the effect of sugar composition on microneedle ability to penetrate and deliver drug to the skin. 25481031 1 7 theme drug 202:205 arg1 delivery 207:214 transdermal drug delivery 190:214 transdermal drug delivery 190:214 Dissolving microneedles are especially attractive for transdermal drug delivery as they are associated with improved patient compliance and safety. 25481031 0 8 theme modelling 116:124 arg1 analyses 126:133 element modelling analyses 108:133 element modelling analyses 108:133 Structural characterisation and transdermal delivery studies on sugar microneedles: experimental and finite element modelling analyses. 25481031 0 9 from studies 53:59 arg1 microneedles 70:81 sugar microneedles 64:81 sugar microneedles 64:81 Structural characterisation and transdermal delivery studies on sugar microneedles: experimental and finite element modelling analyses. 25481031 4 10 theme ability 933:939 arg1 terms 896:900 terms 896:900 terms of mechanical strength and the ability to deliver drug 896:955 Results showed that microneedles made of carboxymethylcellulose/maltose are superior to those made of carboxymethylcellulose/trehalose and carboxymethylcellulose/sucrose in terms of mechanical strength and the ability to deliver drug. 25481031 3 11 theme mechanical 568:577 arg1 properties 579:588 the mechanical properties 564:588 the mechanical properties of sugar microneedles 564:610 In this study, we performed experimental and finite element analyses to study the mechanical properties of sugar microneedles and evaluate the effect of sugar composition on microneedle ability to penetrate and deliver drug to the skin. 25481031 0 12 theme characterisation 11:26 arg1 studies 53:59 Structural characterisation and transdermal delivery studies 0:59 Structural characterisation and transdermal delivery studies on sugar microneedles: experimental and finite element modelling analyses. 0:134 Structural characterisation and transdermal delivery studies on sugar microneedles: experimental and finite element modelling analyses. 25481031 5 13 theme main 991:994 arg1 Buckling 958:965 Buckling 958:965 Buckling 958:965 Buckling was predicted to be the main mode of microneedle failure and the order of buckling was positively correlated to the Young's modulus values of the sugar constituents of each microneedle. 25481031 5 13 theme main 991:994 arg1 mode 996:999 the main mode 987:999 the main mode of microneedle failure 987:1022 Buckling was predicted to be the main mode of microneedle failure and the order of buckling was positively correlated to the Young's modulus values of the sugar constituents of each microneedle. 25481031 0 14 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 characterisation 11:26 Structural characterisation 0:26 Structural characterisation 0:26 Structural characterisation and transdermal delivery studies on sugar microneedles: experimental and finite element modelling analyses. 25481031 0 15 dep experimental 84:95 arg1 analyses 126:133 element modelling analyses 108:133 element modelling analyses 108:133 Structural characterisation and transdermal delivery studies on sugar microneedles: experimental and finite element modelling analyses. 25481031 2 16 theme biological 422:431 arg1 peptides 458:465 peptides 458:465 peptides 458:465 Furthermore, microneedles made of sugars offer the added benefit of biomolecule stabilisation making them ideal candidates for delivering biological agents such as proteins, peptides and nucleic acids. 25481031 2 16 theme biological 422:431 arg1 agents 433:438 biological agents 422:438 biological agents such as proteins, peptides and nucleic acids 422:483 Furthermore, microneedles made of sugars offer the added benefit of biomolecule stabilisation making them ideal candidates for delivering biological agents such as proteins, peptides and nucleic acids. 25481031 2 16 theme biological 422:431 arg1 proteins 448:455 proteins 448:455 proteins 448:455 Furthermore, microneedles made of sugars offer the added benefit of biomolecule stabilisation making them ideal candidates for delivering biological agents such as proteins, peptides and nucleic acids. 25481031 2 16 theme biological 422:431 arg1 acids 479:483 nucleic acids 471:483 nucleic acids 471:483 Furthermore, microneedles made of sugars offer the added benefit of biomolecule stabilisation making them ideal candidates for delivering biological agents such as proteins, peptides and nucleic acids. 25481031 0 17 theme transdermal 32:42 arg1 delivery 44:51 transdermal delivery 32:51 transdermal delivery 32:51 Structural characterisation and transdermal delivery studies on sugar microneedles: experimental and finite element modelling analyses. 25481031 5 18 theme Young 1083:1087 arg1 modulus 1091:1097 Young's modulus 1083:1097 the Young's modulus values of the sugar constituents of each microneedle 1079:1150 Buckling was predicted to be the main mode of microneedle failure and the order of buckling was positively correlated to the Young's modulus values of the sugar constituents of each microneedle. 25481031 5 19 theme failure 1016:1022 arg1 Buckling 958:965 Buckling 958:965 Buckling 958:965 Buckling was predicted to be the main mode of microneedle failure and the order of buckling was positively correlated to the Young's modulus values of the sugar constituents of each microneedle. 25481031 5 19 theme failure 1016:1022 arg1 mode 996:999 the main mode 987:999 the main mode of microneedle failure 987:1022 Buckling was predicted to be the main mode of microneedle failure and the order of buckling was positively correlated to the Young's modulus values of the sugar constituents of each microneedle. 25481031 3 20 theme sugar 593:597 arg1 microneedles 599:610 sugar microneedles 593:610 sugar microneedles 593:610 In this study, we performed experimental and finite element analyses to study the mechanical properties of sugar microneedles and evaluate the effect of sugar composition on microneedle ability to penetrate and deliver drug to the skin. 25481031 3 21 from effect 629:634 arg1 ability 672:678 microneedle ability 660:678 microneedle ability to penetrate and deliver drug to the skin 660:720 In this study, we performed experimental and finite element analyses to study the mechanical properties of sugar microneedles and evaluate the effect of sugar composition on microneedle ability to penetrate and deliver drug to the skin. 25481031 2 22 theme nucleic 471:477 arg1 acids 479:483 nucleic acids 471:483 nucleic acids 471:483 Furthermore, microneedles made of sugars offer the added benefit of biomolecule stabilisation making them ideal candidates for delivering biological agents such as proteins, peptides and nucleic acids. 25481031 5 23 theme microneedle 1140:1150 arg1 constituents 1119:1130 the sugar constituents 1109:1130 the sugar constituents of each microneedle 1109:1150 Buckling was predicted to be the main mode of microneedle failure and the order of buckling was positively correlated to the Young's modulus values of the sugar constituents of each microneedle. 25481031 2 24 theme ideal 390:394 arg1 candidates 396:405 ideal candidates 390:405 ideal candidates for delivering biological agents such as proteins, peptides and nucleic acids 390:483 Furthermore, microneedles made of sugars offer the added benefit of biomolecule stabilisation making them ideal candidates for delivering biological agents such as proteins, peptides and nucleic acids. 25481031 3 25 theme finite 531:536 arg1 analyses 546:553 experimental and finite element analyses 514:553 experimental and finite element analyses 514:553 In this study, we performed experimental and finite element analyses to study the mechanical properties of sugar microneedles and evaluate the effect of sugar composition on microneedle ability to penetrate and deliver drug to the skin. 25481031 4 26 theme strength 916:923 arg1 terms 896:900 terms 896:900 terms of mechanical strength and the ability to deliver drug 896:955 Results showed that microneedles made of carboxymethylcellulose/maltose are superior to those made of carboxymethylcellulose/trehalose and carboxymethylcellulose/sucrose in terms of mechanical strength and the ability to deliver drug. 25481031 0 27 theme delivery 44:51 arg1 studies 53:59 Structural characterisation and transdermal delivery studies 0:59 Structural characterisation and transdermal delivery studies on sugar microneedles: experimental and finite element modelling analyses. 0:134 Structural characterisation and transdermal delivery studies on sugar microneedles: experimental and finite element modelling analyses. 25481031 3 28 theme sugar 639:643 arg1 composition 645:655 sugar composition 639:655 sugar composition 639:655 In this study, we performed experimental and finite element analyses to study the mechanical properties of sugar microneedles and evaluate the effect of sugar composition on microneedle ability to penetrate and deliver drug to the skin. 25481031 1 29 theme improved 244:251 arg1 compliance 261:270 improved patient compliance 244:270 improved patient compliance 244:270 Dissolving microneedles are especially attractive for transdermal drug delivery as they are associated with improved patient compliance and safety. 25481031 0 30 theme sugar 64:68 arg1 microneedles 70:81 sugar microneedles 64:81 sugar microneedles 64:81 Structural characterisation and transdermal delivery studies on sugar microneedles: experimental and finite element modelling analyses. 25481031 0 31 dep studies 53:59 arg1 experimental 84:95 experimental 84:95 experimental 84:95 Structural characterisation and transdermal delivery studies on sugar microneedles: experimental and finite element modelling analyses. 25481031 0 31 dep studies 53:59 arg1 finite 101:106 finite 101:106 finite 101:106 Structural characterisation and transdermal delivery studies on sugar microneedles: experimental and finite element modelling analyses. 25481031 5 32 theme sugar 1113:1117 arg1 constituents 1119:1130 the sugar constituents 1109:1130 the sugar constituents of each microneedle 1109:1150 Buckling was predicted to be the main mode of microneedle failure and the order of buckling was positively correlated to the Young's modulus values of the sugar constituents of each microneedle. 25481031 1 33 theme Dissolving 136:145 arg1 microneedles 147:158 Dissolving microneedles 136:158 Dissolving microneedles 136:158 Dissolving microneedles are especially attractive for transdermal drug delivery as they are associated with improved patient compliance and safety. 25481031 5 34 theme constituents 1119:1130 arg1 values 1099:1104 the Young's modulus values 1079:1104 the Young's modulus values of the sugar constituents of each microneedle 1079:1150 Buckling was predicted to be the main mode of microneedle failure and the order of buckling was positively correlated to the Young's modulus values of the sugar constituents of each microneedle. 25481031 3 35 theme microneedle 660:670 arg1 ability 672:678 microneedle ability 660:678 microneedle ability to penetrate and deliver drug to the skin 660:720 In this study, we performed experimental and finite element analyses to study the mechanical properties of sugar microneedles and evaluate the effect of sugar composition on microneedle ability to penetrate and deliver drug to the skin. 25481031 4 36 theme mechanical 905:914 arg1 strength 916:923 mechanical strength 905:923 mechanical strength 905:923 Results showed that microneedles made of carboxymethylcellulose/maltose are superior to those made of carboxymethylcellulose/trehalose and carboxymethylcellulose/sucrose in terms of mechanical strength and the ability to deliver drug. 25481031 2 37 theme stabilisation 364:376 arg1 benefit 341:347 the added benefit 331:347 the added benefit of biomolecule stabilisation 331:376 Furthermore, microneedles made of sugars offer the added benefit of biomolecule stabilisation making them ideal candidates for delivering biological agents such as proteins, peptides and nucleic acids. 25481031 2 38 theme added 335:339 arg1 benefit 341:347 the added benefit 331:347 the added benefit of biomolecule stabilisation 331:376 Furthermore, microneedles made of sugars offer the added benefit of biomolecule stabilisation making them ideal candidates for delivering biological agents such as proteins, peptides and nucleic acids. 25481031 1 39 theme patient 253:259 arg1 compliance 261:270 improved patient compliance 244:270 improved patient compliance 244:270 Dissolving microneedles are especially attractive for transdermal drug delivery as they are associated with improved patient compliance and safety. 25481031 2 40 theme biomolecule 352:362 arg1 stabilisation 364:376 biomolecule stabilisation 352:376 biomolecule stabilisation 352:376 Furthermore, microneedles made of sugars offer the added benefit of biomolecule stabilisation making them ideal candidates for delivering biological agents such as proteins, peptides and nucleic acids. 25481031 5 41 theme microneedle 1004:1014 arg1 failure 1016:1022 microneedle failure 1004:1022 microneedle failure 1004:1022 Buckling was predicted to be the main mode of microneedle failure and the order of buckling was positively correlated to the Young's modulus values of the sugar constituents of each microneedle. 25481031 3 42 theme composition 645:655 arg1 effect 629:634 the effect 625:634 the effect of sugar composition on microneedle ability to penetrate and deliver drug to the skin 625:720 In this study, we performed experimental and finite element analyses to study the mechanical properties of sugar microneedles and evaluate the effect of sugar composition on microneedle ability to penetrate and deliver drug to the skin. 23996976 6 0 theme osteoblasts 1326:1336 arg1 progression 1305:1315 the in vitro phenotype progression 1282:1315 the in vitro phenotype progression of MG-63 osteoblasts 1282:1336 The promising results above prompted an investigation on the role of citrate supplementation in culture medium for osteoblast culture, which showed that exogenous citrate supplemented into media accelerated the in vitro phenotype progression of MG-63 osteoblasts. 23996976 8 1 theme biomaterials 1726:1737 arg1 potential 1705:1713 the potential 1701:1713 the potential of citrate biomaterials to bridge the gap in orthopedic biomaterial design and osteoblast cell culture in that the role of citrate molecules has previously been overlooked 1701:1885 The development of citrate-presenting CBPBHA biomaterials and preliminary studies revealing the effects of free exogenous citrate on osteoblast culture shows the potential of citrate biomaterials to bridge the gap in orthopedic biomaterial design and osteoblast cell culture in that the role of citrate molecules has previously been overlooked. 23996976 8 2 theme osteoblast 1794:1803 arg1 culture 1810:1816 osteoblast cell culture 1794:1816 osteoblast cell culture 1794:1816 The development of citrate-presenting CBPBHA biomaterials and preliminary studies revealing the effects of free exogenous citrate on osteoblast culture shows the potential of citrate biomaterials to bridge the gap in orthopedic biomaterial design and osteoblast cell culture in that the role of citrate molecules has previously been overlooked. 23996976 7 3 theme surrounding 1517:1527 arg1 tissues 1534:1540 the surrounding bone tissues 1513:1540 the surrounding bone tissues 1513:1540 After 6 weeks of implantation in a rabbit lateral femoral condyle defect model, CBPBHA composites elicited minimal fibrous tissue encapsulation and were well integrated with the surrounding bone tissues. 23996976 4 4 theme osteoconductive 672:686 arg1 polymers 721:728 the newly developed osteoconductive citrate-presenting biodegradable polymers 652:728 the newly developed osteoconductive citrate-presenting biodegradable polymers 652:728 CBPBHAs consist of the newly developed osteoconductive citrate-presenting biodegradable polymers, crosslinked urethane-doped polyester and poly (octanediol citrate), which can be composited with up to 65 wt % hydroxyapatite. 23996976 4 4 theme osteoconductive 672:686 arg1 poly 772:775 poly 772:775 poly (octanediol citrate) 772:796 CBPBHAs consist of the newly developed osteoconductive citrate-presenting biodegradable polymers, crosslinked urethane-doped polyester and poly (octanediol citrate), which can be composited with up to 65 wt % hydroxyapatite. 23996976 4 4 theme osteoconductive 672:686 arg1 polyester 758:766 crosslinked urethane-doped polyester 731:766 crosslinked urethane-doped polyester 731:766 CBPBHAs consist of the newly developed osteoconductive citrate-presenting biodegradable polymers, crosslinked urethane-doped polyester and poly (octanediol citrate), which can be composited with up to 65 wt % hydroxyapatite. 23996976 6 5 theme phenotype 1295:1303 arg1 progression 1305:1315 the in vitro phenotype progression 1282:1315 the in vitro phenotype progression of MG-63 osteoblasts 1282:1336 The promising results above prompted an investigation on the role of citrate supplementation in culture medium for osteoblast culture, which showed that exogenous citrate supplemented into media accelerated the in vitro phenotype progression of MG-63 osteoblasts. 23996976 3 6 theme hydroxyapatite 533:546 arg1 binding 548:554 enhanced hydroxyapatite binding 524:554 enhanced hydroxyapatite binding 524:554 In this work, we have developed a new class of biodegradable, mechanically strong, and biocompatible citrate-based polymer blends (CBPBs), which offer enhanced hydroxyapatite binding to produce more biomimetic composites (CBPBHAs) for orthopedic applications. 23996976 6 7 theme osteoblast 1190:1199 arg1 culture 1201:1207 osteoblast culture 1190:1207 osteoblast culture 1190:1207 The promising results above prompted an investigation on the role of citrate supplementation in culture medium for osteoblast culture, which showed that exogenous citrate supplemented into media accelerated the in vitro phenotype progression of MG-63 osteoblasts. 23996976 4 8 theme biodegradable 707:719 arg1 polymers 721:728 the newly developed osteoconductive citrate-presenting biodegradable polymers 652:728 the newly developed osteoconductive citrate-presenting biodegradable polymers 652:728 CBPBHAs consist of the newly developed osteoconductive citrate-presenting biodegradable polymers, crosslinked urethane-doped polyester and poly (octanediol citrate), which can be composited with up to 65 wt % hydroxyapatite. 23996976 4 8 theme biodegradable 707:719 arg1 poly 772:775 poly 772:775 poly (octanediol citrate) 772:796 CBPBHAs consist of the newly developed osteoconductive citrate-presenting biodegradable polymers, crosslinked urethane-doped polyester and poly (octanediol citrate), which can be composited with up to 65 wt % hydroxyapatite. 23996976 4 8 theme biodegradable 707:719 arg1 polyester 758:766 crosslinked urethane-doped polyester 731:766 crosslinked urethane-doped polyester 731:766 CBPBHAs consist of the newly developed osteoconductive citrate-presenting biodegradable polymers, crosslinked urethane-doped polyester and poly (octanediol citrate), which can be composited with up to 65 wt % hydroxyapatite. 23996976 6 9 theme in 1286:1287 arg1 progression 1305:1315 the in vitro phenotype progression 1282:1315 the in vitro phenotype progression of MG-63 osteoblasts 1282:1336 The promising results above prompted an investigation on the role of citrate supplementation in culture medium for osteoblast culture, which showed that exogenous citrate supplemented into media accelerated the in vitro phenotype progression of MG-63 osteoblasts. 23996976 2 10 theme biomaterial 325:335 arg1 design 337:342 bone biomaterial design 320:342 bone biomaterial design 320:342 However, such understanding has not been translated into bone biomaterial design and osteoblast cell culture. 23996976 8 11 from effects 1639:1645 arg1 culture 1687:1693 osteoblast culture 1676:1693 osteoblast culture 1676:1693 The development of citrate-presenting CBPBHA biomaterials and preliminary studies revealing the effects of free exogenous citrate on osteoblast culture shows the potential of citrate biomaterials to bridge the gap in orthopedic biomaterial design and osteoblast cell culture in that the role of citrate molecules has previously been overlooked. 23996976 4 12 dep hydroxyapatite 842:855 arg1 % 840:840 % 840:840 % 840:840 CBPBHAs consist of the newly developed osteoconductive citrate-presenting biodegradable polymers, crosslinked urethane-doped polyester and poly (octanediol citrate), which can be composited with up to 65 wt % hydroxyapatite. 23996976 7 13 theme CBPBHA 1419:1424 arg1 composites 1426:1435 CBPBHA composites 1419:1435 CBPBHA composites 1419:1435 After 6 weeks of implantation in a rabbit lateral femoral condyle defect model, CBPBHA composites elicited minimal fibrous tissue encapsulation and were well integrated with the surrounding bone tissues. 23996976 8 14 theme citrate 1838:1844 arg1 molecules 1846:1854 citrate molecules 1838:1854 citrate molecules 1838:1854 The development of citrate-presenting CBPBHA biomaterials and preliminary studies revealing the effects of free exogenous citrate on osteoblast culture shows the potential of citrate biomaterials to bridge the gap in orthopedic biomaterial design and osteoblast cell culture in that the role of citrate molecules has previously been overlooked. 23996976 4 15 dep wt 837:838 arg1 to 831:832 to 831:832 to 831:832 CBPBHAs consist of the newly developed osteoconductive citrate-presenting biodegradable polymers, crosslinked urethane-doped polyester and poly (octanediol citrate), which can be composited with up to 65 wt % hydroxyapatite. 23996976 5 16 theme human 956:960 arg1 MPa 985:987 100-230 MPa 977:987 100-230 MPa 977:987 CBPBHA networks produced materials with a compressive strength of 116.23 ± 5.37 MPa comparable to human cortical bone (100-230 MPa), and increased C2C12 osterix gene and alkaline phosphatase gene expression in vitro. 23996976 5 16 theme human 956:960 arg1 bone 971:974 human cortical bone 956:974 human cortical bone (100-230 MPa) 956:988 CBPBHA networks produced materials with a compressive strength of 116.23 ± 5.37 MPa comparable to human cortical bone (100-230 MPa), and increased C2C12 osterix gene and alkaline phosphatase gene expression in vitro. 23996976 7 17 theme condyle 1397:1403 arg1 model 1412:1416 a rabbit lateral femoral condyle defect model 1372:1416 a rabbit lateral femoral condyle defect model 1372:1416 After 6 weeks of implantation in a rabbit lateral femoral condyle defect model, CBPBHA composites elicited minimal fibrous tissue encapsulation and were well integrated with the surrounding bone tissues. 23996976 2 18 theme such 272:275 arg1 understanding 277:289 such understanding 272:289 such understanding 272:289 However, such understanding has not been translated into bone biomaterial design and osteoblast cell culture. 23996976 6 19 theme exogenous 1228:1236 arg1 citrate 1238:1244 exogenous citrate 1228:1244 exogenous citrate supplemented into media 1228:1268 The promising results above prompted an investigation on the role of citrate supplementation in culture medium for osteoblast culture, which showed that exogenous citrate supplemented into media accelerated the in vitro phenotype progression of MG-63 osteoblasts. 23996976 1 20 theme load-bearing 163:174 arg1 function 176:183 the load-bearing function 159:183 the load-bearing function of bone 159:191 Natural bone apatite crystals, which mediate the development and regulate the load-bearing function of bone, have recently been associated with strongly bound citrate molecules. 23996976 4 21 theme urethane-doped 743:756 arg1 polymers 721:728 the newly developed osteoconductive citrate-presenting biodegradable polymers 652:728 the newly developed osteoconductive citrate-presenting biodegradable polymers 652:728 CBPBHAs consist of the newly developed osteoconductive citrate-presenting biodegradable polymers, crosslinked urethane-doped polyester and poly (octanediol citrate), which can be composited with up to 65 wt % hydroxyapatite. 23996976 4 21 theme urethane-doped 743:756 arg1 polyester 758:766 crosslinked urethane-doped polyester 731:766 crosslinked urethane-doped polyester 731:766 CBPBHAs consist of the newly developed osteoconductive citrate-presenting biodegradable polymers, crosslinked urethane-doped polyester and poly (octanediol citrate), which can be composited with up to 65 wt % hydroxyapatite. 23996976 5 22 theme comparable 942:951 arg1 strength 912:919 a compressive strength 898:919 a compressive strength of 116.23 ± 5.37 MPa comparable to human cortical bone (100-230 MPa) 898:988 CBPBHA networks produced materials with a compressive strength of 116.23 ± 5.37 MPa comparable to human cortical bone (100-230 MPa), and increased C2C12 osterix gene and alkaline phosphatase gene expression in vitro. 23996976 8 23 theme citrate-presenting 1562:1579 arg1 biomaterials 1588:1599 citrate-presenting CBPBHA biomaterials 1562:1599 citrate-presenting CBPBHA biomaterials 1562:1599 The development of citrate-presenting CBPBHA biomaterials and preliminary studies revealing the effects of free exogenous citrate on osteoblast culture shows the potential of citrate biomaterials to bridge the gap in orthopedic biomaterial design and osteoblast cell culture in that the role of citrate molecules has previously been overlooked. 23996976 8 24 from gap 1753:1755 arg1 culture 1810:1816 osteoblast cell culture 1794:1816 osteoblast cell culture 1794:1816 The development of citrate-presenting CBPBHA biomaterials and preliminary studies revealing the effects of free exogenous citrate on osteoblast culture shows the potential of citrate biomaterials to bridge the gap in orthopedic biomaterial design and osteoblast cell culture in that the role of citrate molecules has previously been overlooked. 23996976 8 24 from gap 1753:1755 arg1 design 1783:1788 orthopedic biomaterial design 1760:1788 orthopedic biomaterial design 1760:1788 The development of citrate-presenting CBPBHA biomaterials and preliminary studies revealing the effects of free exogenous citrate on osteoblast culture shows the potential of citrate biomaterials to bridge the gap in orthopedic biomaterial design and osteoblast cell culture in that the role of citrate molecules has previously been overlooked. 23996976 1 25 theme Natural 85:91 arg1 crystals 106:113 Natural bone apatite crystals 85:113 Natural bone apatite crystals 85:113 Natural bone apatite crystals, which mediate the development and regulate the load-bearing function of bone, have recently been associated with strongly bound citrate molecules. 23996976 8 26 theme biomaterials 1588:1599 arg1 development 1547:1557 The development 1543:1557 The development of citrate-presenting CBPBHA biomaterials and preliminary studies revealing the effects of free exogenous citrate on osteoblast culture 1543:1693 The development of citrate-presenting CBPBHA biomaterials and preliminary studies revealing the effects of free exogenous citrate on osteoblast culture shows the potential of citrate biomaterials to bridge the gap in orthopedic biomaterial design and osteoblast cell culture in that the role of citrate molecules has previously been overlooked. 23996976 5 27 theme C2C12 1005:1009 arg1 gene 1019:1022 C2C12 osterix gene 1005:1022 C2C12 osterix gene 1005:1022 CBPBHA networks produced materials with a compressive strength of 116.23 ± 5.37 MPa comparable to human cortical bone (100-230 MPa), and increased C2C12 osterix gene and alkaline phosphatase gene expression in vitro. 23996976 7 28 theme rabbit 1374:1379 arg1 model 1412:1416 a rabbit lateral femoral condyle defect model 1372:1416 a rabbit lateral femoral condyle defect model 1372:1416 After 6 weeks of implantation in a rabbit lateral femoral condyle defect model, CBPBHA composites elicited minimal fibrous tissue encapsulation and were well integrated with the surrounding bone tissues. 23996976 8 29 theme preliminary 1605:1615 arg1 studies 1617:1623 preliminary studies 1605:1623 preliminary studies revealing the effects of free exogenous citrate on osteoblast culture 1605:1693 The development of citrate-presenting CBPBHA biomaterials and preliminary studies revealing the effects of free exogenous citrate on osteoblast culture shows the potential of citrate biomaterials to bridge the gap in orthopedic biomaterial design and osteoblast cell culture in that the role of citrate molecules has previously been overlooked. 23996976 3 30 theme biodegradable 420:432 arg1 CBPBs 504:508 CBPBs 504:508 CBPBs 504:508 In this work, we have developed a new class of biodegradable, mechanically strong, and biocompatible citrate-based polymer blends (CBPBs), which offer enhanced hydroxyapatite binding to produce more biomimetic composites (CBPBHAs) for orthopedic applications. 23996976 3 30 theme biodegradable 420:432 arg1 blends 496:501 biodegradable, mechanically strong, and biocompatible citrate-based polymer blends 420:501 biodegradable, mechanically strong, and biocompatible citrate-based polymer blends (CBPBs) 420:509 In this work, we have developed a new class of biodegradable, mechanically strong, and biocompatible citrate-based polymer blends (CBPBs), which offer enhanced hydroxyapatite binding to produce more biomimetic composites (CBPBHAs) for orthopedic applications. 23996976 7 31 from model 1412:1416 arg1 weeks 1347:1351 6 weeks 1345:1351 6 weeks of implantation in a rabbit lateral femoral condyle defect model 1345:1416 After 6 weeks of implantation in a rabbit lateral femoral condyle defect model, CBPBHA composites elicited minimal fibrous tissue encapsulation and were well integrated with the surrounding bone tissues. 23996976 7 32 theme lateral 1381:1387 arg1 model 1412:1416 a rabbit lateral femoral condyle defect model 1372:1416 a rabbit lateral femoral condyle defect model 1372:1416 After 6 weeks of implantation in a rabbit lateral femoral condyle defect model, CBPBHA composites elicited minimal fibrous tissue encapsulation and were well integrated with the surrounding bone tissues. 23996976 3 33 theme biocompatible 460:472 arg1 CBPBs 504:508 CBPBs 504:508 CBPBs 504:508 In this work, we have developed a new class of biodegradable, mechanically strong, and biocompatible citrate-based polymer blends (CBPBs), which offer enhanced hydroxyapatite binding to produce more biomimetic composites (CBPBHAs) for orthopedic applications. 23996976 3 33 theme biocompatible 460:472 arg1 blends 496:501 biodegradable, mechanically strong, and biocompatible citrate-based polymer blends 420:501 biodegradable, mechanically strong, and biocompatible citrate-based polymer blends (CBPBs) 420:509 In this work, we have developed a new class of biodegradable, mechanically strong, and biocompatible citrate-based polymer blends (CBPBs), which offer enhanced hydroxyapatite binding to produce more biomimetic composites (CBPBHAs) for orthopedic applications. 23996976 0 34 theme biomimetic 34:43 arg1 composites 73:82 biomimetic citrate-based biodegradable composites 34:82 biomimetic citrate-based biodegradable composites 34:82 Synthesis and characterization of biomimetic citrate-based biodegradable composites. 23996976 5 35 theme gene 1049:1052 arg1 expression 1054:1063 C2C12 osterix gene and alkaline phosphatase gene expression 1005:1063 C2C12 osterix gene and alkaline phosphatase gene expression 1005:1063 CBPBHA networks produced materials with a compressive strength of 116.23 ± 5.37 MPa comparable to human cortical bone (100-230 MPa), and increased C2C12 osterix gene and alkaline phosphatase gene expression in vitro. 23996976 8 36 theme free 1650:1653 arg1 citrate 1665:1671 free exogenous citrate 1650:1671 free exogenous citrate 1650:1671 The development of citrate-presenting CBPBHA biomaterials and preliminary studies revealing the effects of free exogenous citrate on osteoblast culture shows the potential of citrate biomaterials to bridge the gap in orthopedic biomaterial design and osteoblast cell culture in that the role of citrate molecules has previously been overlooked. 23996976 0 37 theme biodegradable 59:71 arg1 composites 73:82 biomimetic citrate-based biodegradable composites 34:82 biomimetic citrate-based biodegradable composites 34:82 Synthesis and characterization of biomimetic citrate-based biodegradable composites. 23996976 7 38 from weeks 1347:1351 arg1 model 1412:1416 a rabbit lateral femoral condyle defect model 1372:1416 a rabbit lateral femoral condyle defect model 1372:1416 After 6 weeks of implantation in a rabbit lateral femoral condyle defect model, CBPBHA composites elicited minimal fibrous tissue encapsulation and were well integrated with the surrounding bone tissues. 23996976 6 39 theme supplementation 1152:1166 arg1 role 1136:1139 the role 1132:1139 the role of citrate supplementation in culture medium for osteoblast culture, which showed that exogenous citrate supplemented into media accelerated the in vitro phenotype progression of MG-63 osteoblasts 1132:1336 The promising results above prompted an investigation on the role of citrate supplementation in culture medium for osteoblast culture, which showed that exogenous citrate supplemented into media accelerated the in vitro phenotype progression of MG-63 osteoblasts. 23996976 8 40 theme citrate 1665:1671 arg1 effects 1639:1645 the effects 1635:1645 the effects of free exogenous citrate on osteoblast culture 1635:1693 The development of citrate-presenting CBPBHA biomaterials and preliminary studies revealing the effects of free exogenous citrate on osteoblast culture shows the potential of citrate biomaterials to bridge the gap in orthopedic biomaterial design and osteoblast cell culture in that the role of citrate molecules has previously been overlooked. 23996976 2 41 theme osteoblast 348:357 arg1 culture 364:370 osteoblast cell culture 348:370 osteoblast cell culture 348:370 However, such understanding has not been translated into bone biomaterial design and osteoblast cell culture. 23996976 1 42 theme bound 238:242 arg1 molecules 252:260 strongly bound citrate molecules 229:260 strongly bound citrate molecules 229:260 Natural bone apatite crystals, which mediate the development and regulate the load-bearing function of bone, have recently been associated with strongly bound citrate molecules. 23996976 5 43 theme gene 1019:1022 arg1 expression 1054:1063 C2C12 osterix gene and alkaline phosphatase gene expression 1005:1063 C2C12 osterix gene and alkaline phosphatase gene expression 1005:1063 CBPBHA networks produced materials with a compressive strength of 116.23 ± 5.37 MPa comparable to human cortical bone (100-230 MPa), and increased C2C12 osterix gene and alkaline phosphatase gene expression in vitro. 23996976 7 44 from implantation 1356:1367 arg1 model 1412:1416 a rabbit lateral femoral condyle defect model 1372:1416 a rabbit lateral femoral condyle defect model 1372:1416 After 6 weeks of implantation in a rabbit lateral femoral condyle defect model, CBPBHA composites elicited minimal fibrous tissue encapsulation and were well integrated with the surrounding bone tissues. 23996976 8 45 theme osteoblast 1676:1685 arg1 culture 1687:1693 osteoblast culture 1676:1693 osteoblast culture 1676:1693 The development of citrate-presenting CBPBHA biomaterials and preliminary studies revealing the effects of free exogenous citrate on osteoblast culture shows the potential of citrate biomaterials to bridge the gap in orthopedic biomaterial design and osteoblast cell culture in that the role of citrate molecules has previously been overlooked. 23996976 4 46 theme 65 834:835 arg1 wt 837:838 wt 837:838 wt 837:838 CBPBHAs consist of the newly developed osteoconductive citrate-presenting biodegradable polymers, crosslinked urethane-doped polyester and poly (octanediol citrate), which can be composited with up to 65 wt % hydroxyapatite. 23996976 6 47 from investigation 1115:1127 arg1 role 1136:1139 the role 1132:1139 the role of citrate supplementation in culture medium for osteoblast culture, which showed that exogenous citrate supplemented into media accelerated the in vitro phenotype progression of MG-63 osteoblasts 1132:1336 The promising results above prompted an investigation on the role of citrate supplementation in culture medium for osteoblast culture, which showed that exogenous citrate supplemented into media accelerated the in vitro phenotype progression of MG-63 osteoblasts. 23996976 6 48 dep in 1286:1287 arg1 vitro 1289:1293 vitro 1289:1293 vitro 1289:1293 The promising results above prompted an investigation on the role of citrate supplementation in culture medium for osteoblast culture, which showed that exogenous citrate supplemented into media accelerated the in vitro phenotype progression of MG-63 osteoblasts. 23996976 5 49 theme alkaline 1028:1035 arg1 phosphatase 1037:1047 alkaline phosphatase 1028:1047 alkaline phosphatase 1028:1047 CBPBHA networks produced materials with a compressive strength of 116.23 ± 5.37 MPa comparable to human cortical bone (100-230 MPa), and increased C2C12 osterix gene and alkaline phosphatase gene expression in vitro. 23996976 7 50 theme bone 1529:1532 arg1 tissues 1534:1540 the surrounding bone tissues 1513:1540 the surrounding bone tissues 1513:1540 After 6 weeks of implantation in a rabbit lateral femoral condyle defect model, CBPBHA composites elicited minimal fibrous tissue encapsulation and were well integrated with the surrounding bone tissues. 23996976 6 51 theme MG-63 1320:1324 arg1 osteoblasts 1326:1336 MG-63 osteoblasts 1320:1336 MG-63 osteoblasts 1320:1336 The promising results above prompted an investigation on the role of citrate supplementation in culture medium for osteoblast culture, which showed that exogenous citrate supplemented into media accelerated the in vitro phenotype progression of MG-63 osteoblasts. 23996976 8 52 theme biomaterial 1771:1781 arg1 design 1783:1788 orthopedic biomaterial design 1760:1788 orthopedic biomaterial design 1760:1788 The development of citrate-presenting CBPBHA biomaterials and preliminary studies revealing the effects of free exogenous citrate on osteoblast culture shows the potential of citrate biomaterials to bridge the gap in orthopedic biomaterial design and osteoblast cell culture in that the role of citrate molecules has previously been overlooked. 23996976 7 53 theme fibrous 1454:1460 arg1 encapsulation 1469:1481 minimal fibrous tissue encapsulation 1446:1481 minimal fibrous tissue encapsulation 1446:1481 After 6 weeks of implantation in a rabbit lateral femoral condyle defect model, CBPBHA composites elicited minimal fibrous tissue encapsulation and were well integrated with the surrounding bone tissues. 23996976 8 54 theme citrate 1718:1724 arg1 biomaterials 1726:1737 citrate biomaterials 1718:1737 citrate biomaterials 1718:1737 The development of citrate-presenting CBPBHA biomaterials and preliminary studies revealing the effects of free exogenous citrate on osteoblast culture shows the potential of citrate biomaterials to bridge the gap in orthopedic biomaterial design and osteoblast cell culture in that the role of citrate molecules has previously been overlooked. 23996976 3 55 theme enhanced 524:531 arg1 binding 548:554 enhanced hydroxyapatite binding 524:554 enhanced hydroxyapatite binding 524:554 In this work, we have developed a new class of biodegradable, mechanically strong, and biocompatible citrate-based polymer blends (CBPBs), which offer enhanced hydroxyapatite binding to produce more biomimetic composites (CBPBHAs) for orthopedic applications. 23996976 1 56 theme bone 188:191 arg1 function 176:183 the load-bearing function 159:183 the load-bearing function of bone 159:191 Natural bone apatite crystals, which mediate the development and regulate the load-bearing function of bone, have recently been associated with strongly bound citrate molecules. 23996976 4 57 theme developed 662:670 arg1 polymers 721:728 the newly developed osteoconductive citrate-presenting biodegradable polymers 652:728 the newly developed osteoconductive citrate-presenting biodegradable polymers 652:728 CBPBHAs consist of the newly developed osteoconductive citrate-presenting biodegradable polymers, crosslinked urethane-doped polyester and poly (octanediol citrate), which can be composited with up to 65 wt % hydroxyapatite. 23996976 4 57 theme developed 662:670 arg1 poly 772:775 poly 772:775 poly (octanediol citrate) 772:796 CBPBHAs consist of the newly developed osteoconductive citrate-presenting biodegradable polymers, crosslinked urethane-doped polyester and poly (octanediol citrate), which can be composited with up to 65 wt % hydroxyapatite. 23996976 4 57 theme developed 662:670 arg1 polyester 758:766 crosslinked urethane-doped polyester 731:766 crosslinked urethane-doped polyester 731:766 CBPBHAs consist of the newly developed osteoconductive citrate-presenting biodegradable polymers, crosslinked urethane-doped polyester and poly (octanediol citrate), which can be composited with up to 65 wt % hydroxyapatite. 23996976 3 58 theme biomimetic 572:581 arg1 CBPBHAs 595:601 CBPBHAs 595:601 CBPBHAs 595:601 In this work, we have developed a new class of biodegradable, mechanically strong, and biocompatible citrate-based polymer blends (CBPBs), which offer enhanced hydroxyapatite binding to produce more biomimetic composites (CBPBHAs) for orthopedic applications. 23996976 3 58 theme biomimetic 572:581 arg1 composites 583:592 more biomimetic composites 567:592 more biomimetic composites (CBPBHAs) for orthopedic applications 567:630 In this work, we have developed a new class of biodegradable, mechanically strong, and biocompatible citrate-based polymer blends (CBPBs), which offer enhanced hydroxyapatite binding to produce more biomimetic composites (CBPBHAs) for orthopedic applications. 23996976 8 59 theme cell 1805:1808 arg1 culture 1810:1816 osteoblast cell culture 1794:1816 osteoblast cell culture 1794:1816 The development of citrate-presenting CBPBHA biomaterials and preliminary studies revealing the effects of free exogenous citrate on osteoblast culture shows the potential of citrate biomaterials to bridge the gap in orthopedic biomaterial design and osteoblast cell culture in that the role of citrate molecules has previously been overlooked. 23996976 5 60 theme compressive 900:910 arg1 strength 912:919 a compressive strength 898:919 a compressive strength of 116.23 ± 5.37 MPa comparable to human cortical bone (100-230 MPa) 898:988 CBPBHA networks produced materials with a compressive strength of 116.23 ± 5.37 MPa comparable to human cortical bone (100-230 MPa), and increased C2C12 osterix gene and alkaline phosphatase gene expression in vitro. 23996976 7 61 theme tissue 1462:1467 arg1 encapsulation 1469:1481 minimal fibrous tissue encapsulation 1446:1481 minimal fibrous tissue encapsulation 1446:1481 After 6 weeks of implantation in a rabbit lateral femoral condyle defect model, CBPBHA composites elicited minimal fibrous tissue encapsulation and were well integrated with the surrounding bone tissues. 23996976 4 62 theme citrate-presenting 688:705 arg1 polymers 721:728 the newly developed osteoconductive citrate-presenting biodegradable polymers 652:728 the newly developed osteoconductive citrate-presenting biodegradable polymers 652:728 CBPBHAs consist of the newly developed osteoconductive citrate-presenting biodegradable polymers, crosslinked urethane-doped polyester and poly (octanediol citrate), which can be composited with up to 65 wt % hydroxyapatite. 23996976 4 62 theme citrate-presenting 688:705 arg1 poly 772:775 poly 772:775 poly (octanediol citrate) 772:796 CBPBHAs consist of the newly developed osteoconductive citrate-presenting biodegradable polymers, crosslinked urethane-doped polyester and poly (octanediol citrate), which can be composited with up to 65 wt % hydroxyapatite. 23996976 4 62 theme citrate-presenting 688:705 arg1 polyester 758:766 crosslinked urethane-doped polyester 731:766 crosslinked urethane-doped polyester 731:766 CBPBHAs consist of the newly developed osteoconductive citrate-presenting biodegradable polymers, crosslinked urethane-doped polyester and poly (octanediol citrate), which can be composited with up to 65 wt % hydroxyapatite. 23996976 2 63 theme bone 320:323 arg1 design 337:342 bone biomaterial design 320:342 bone biomaterial design 320:342 However, such understanding has not been translated into bone biomaterial design and osteoblast cell culture. 23996976 5 64 theme CBPBHA 858:863 arg1 networks 865:872 CBPBHA networks 858:872 CBPBHA networks 858:872 CBPBHA networks produced materials with a compressive strength of 116.23 ± 5.37 MPa comparable to human cortical bone (100-230 MPa), and increased C2C12 osterix gene and alkaline phosphatase gene expression in vitro. 23996976 4 65 link crosslinked 731:741 arg1 polymers 721:728 the newly developed osteoconductive citrate-presenting biodegradable polymers 652:728 the newly developed osteoconductive citrate-presenting biodegradable polymers 652:728 CBPBHAs consist of the newly developed osteoconductive citrate-presenting biodegradable polymers, crosslinked urethane-doped polyester and poly (octanediol citrate), which can be composited with up to 65 wt % hydroxyapatite. 23996976 4 65 link crosslinked 731:741 arg1 polyester 758:766 crosslinked urethane-doped polyester 731:766 crosslinked urethane-doped polyester 731:766 CBPBHAs consist of the newly developed osteoconductive citrate-presenting biodegradable polymers, crosslinked urethane-doped polyester and poly (octanediol citrate), which can be composited with up to 65 wt % hydroxyapatite. 23996976 6 66 theme culture 1171:1177 arg1 medium 1179:1184 culture medium 1171:1184 culture medium 1171:1184 The promising results above prompted an investigation on the role of citrate supplementation in culture medium for osteoblast culture, which showed that exogenous citrate supplemented into media accelerated the in vitro phenotype progression of MG-63 osteoblasts. 23996976 4 67 dep % 840:840 arg1 wt 837:838 wt 837:838 wt 837:838 CBPBHAs consist of the newly developed osteoconductive citrate-presenting biodegradable polymers, crosslinked urethane-doped polyester and poly (octanediol citrate), which can be composited with up to 65 wt % hydroxyapatite. 23996976 8 68 theme molecules 1846:1854 arg1 role 1830:1833 the role 1826:1833 the role of citrate molecules 1826:1854 The development of citrate-presenting CBPBHA biomaterials and preliminary studies revealing the effects of free exogenous citrate on osteoblast culture shows the potential of citrate biomaterials to bridge the gap in orthopedic biomaterial design and osteoblast cell culture in that the role of citrate molecules has previously been overlooked. 23996976 5 69 theme cortical 962:969 arg1 MPa 985:987 100-230 MPa 977:987 100-230 MPa 977:987 CBPBHA networks produced materials with a compressive strength of 116.23 ± 5.37 MPa comparable to human cortical bone (100-230 MPa), and increased C2C12 osterix gene and alkaline phosphatase gene expression in vitro. 23996976 5 69 theme cortical 962:969 arg1 bone 971:974 human cortical bone 956:974 human cortical bone (100-230 MPa) 956:988 CBPBHA networks produced materials with a compressive strength of 116.23 ± 5.37 MPa comparable to human cortical bone (100-230 MPa), and increased C2C12 osterix gene and alkaline phosphatase gene expression in vitro. 23996976 7 70 theme defect 1405:1410 arg1 model 1412:1416 a rabbit lateral femoral condyle defect model 1372:1416 a rabbit lateral femoral condyle defect model 1372:1416 After 6 weeks of implantation in a rabbit lateral femoral condyle defect model, CBPBHA composites elicited minimal fibrous tissue encapsulation and were well integrated with the surrounding bone tissues. 23996976 3 71 theme polymer 488:494 arg1 CBPBs 504:508 CBPBs 504:508 CBPBs 504:508 In this work, we have developed a new class of biodegradable, mechanically strong, and biocompatible citrate-based polymer blends (CBPBs), which offer enhanced hydroxyapatite binding to produce more biomimetic composites (CBPBHAs) for orthopedic applications. 23996976 3 71 theme polymer 488:494 arg1 blends 496:501 biodegradable, mechanically strong, and biocompatible citrate-based polymer blends 420:501 biodegradable, mechanically strong, and biocompatible citrate-based polymer blends (CBPBs) 420:509 In this work, we have developed a new class of biodegradable, mechanically strong, and biocompatible citrate-based polymer blends (CBPBs), which offer enhanced hydroxyapatite binding to produce more biomimetic composites (CBPBHAs) for orthopedic applications. 23996976 3 72 theme orthopedic 608:617 arg1 applications 619:630 orthopedic applications 608:630 orthopedic applications 608:630 In this work, we have developed a new class of biodegradable, mechanically strong, and biocompatible citrate-based polymer blends (CBPBs), which offer enhanced hydroxyapatite binding to produce more biomimetic composites (CBPBHAs) for orthopedic applications. 23996976 7 73 theme femoral 1389:1395 arg1 model 1412:1416 a rabbit lateral femoral condyle defect model 1372:1416 a rabbit lateral femoral condyle defect model 1372:1416 After 6 weeks of implantation in a rabbit lateral femoral condyle defect model, CBPBHA composites elicited minimal fibrous tissue encapsulation and were well integrated with the surrounding bone tissues. 23996976 8 74 dep bridge 1742:1747 arg1 gap 1753:1755 the gap 1749:1755 bridge the gap in orthopedic biomaterial design and osteoblast cell culture in that the role of citrate molecules has previously been overlooked 1742:1885 The development of citrate-presenting CBPBHA biomaterials and preliminary studies revealing the effects of free exogenous citrate on osteoblast culture shows the potential of citrate biomaterials to bridge the gap in orthopedic biomaterial design and osteoblast cell culture in that the role of citrate molecules has previously been overlooked. 23996976 5 75 theme MPa 938:940 arg1 strength 912:919 a compressive strength 898:919 a compressive strength of 116.23 ± 5.37 MPa comparable to human cortical bone (100-230 MPa) 898:988 CBPBHA networks produced materials with a compressive strength of 116.23 ± 5.37 MPa comparable to human cortical bone (100-230 MPa), and increased C2C12 osterix gene and alkaline phosphatase gene expression in vitro. 23996976 8 76 theme CBPBHA 1581:1586 arg1 biomaterials 1588:1599 citrate-presenting CBPBHA biomaterials 1562:1599 citrate-presenting CBPBHA biomaterials 1562:1599 The development of citrate-presenting CBPBHA biomaterials and preliminary studies revealing the effects of free exogenous citrate on osteoblast culture shows the potential of citrate biomaterials to bridge the gap in orthopedic biomaterial design and osteoblast cell culture in that the role of citrate molecules has previously been overlooked. 23996976 4 77 theme crosslinked 731:741 arg1 polymers 721:728 the newly developed osteoconductive citrate-presenting biodegradable polymers 652:728 the newly developed osteoconductive citrate-presenting biodegradable polymers 652:728 CBPBHAs consist of the newly developed osteoconductive citrate-presenting biodegradable polymers, crosslinked urethane-doped polyester and poly (octanediol citrate), which can be composited with up to 65 wt % hydroxyapatite. 23996976 4 77 theme crosslinked 731:741 arg1 polyester 758:766 crosslinked urethane-doped polyester 731:766 crosslinked urethane-doped polyester 731:766 CBPBHAs consist of the newly developed osteoconductive citrate-presenting biodegradable polymers, crosslinked urethane-doped polyester and poly (octanediol citrate), which can be composited with up to 65 wt % hydroxyapatite. 23996976 7 78 theme minimal 1446:1452 arg1 encapsulation 1469:1481 minimal fibrous tissue encapsulation 1446:1481 minimal fibrous tissue encapsulation 1446:1481 After 6 weeks of implantation in a rabbit lateral femoral condyle defect model, CBPBHA composites elicited minimal fibrous tissue encapsulation and were well integrated with the surrounding bone tissues. 23996976 1 79 theme bone 93:96 arg1 crystals 106:113 Natural bone apatite crystals 85:113 Natural bone apatite crystals 85:113 Natural bone apatite crystals, which mediate the development and regulate the load-bearing function of bone, have recently been associated with strongly bound citrate molecules. 23996976 8 80 theme studies 1617:1623 arg1 development 1547:1557 The development 1543:1557 The development of citrate-presenting CBPBHA biomaterials and preliminary studies revealing the effects of free exogenous citrate on osteoblast culture 1543:1693 The development of citrate-presenting CBPBHA biomaterials and preliminary studies revealing the effects of free exogenous citrate on osteoblast culture shows the potential of citrate biomaterials to bridge the gap in orthopedic biomaterial design and osteoblast cell culture in that the role of citrate molecules has previously been overlooked. 23996976 3 81 theme strong 448:453 arg1 CBPBs 504:508 CBPBs 504:508 CBPBs 504:508 In this work, we have developed a new class of biodegradable, mechanically strong, and biocompatible citrate-based polymer blends (CBPBs), which offer enhanced hydroxyapatite binding to produce more biomimetic composites (CBPBHAs) for orthopedic applications. 23996976 3 81 theme strong 448:453 arg1 blends 496:501 biodegradable, mechanically strong, and biocompatible citrate-based polymer blends 420:501 biodegradable, mechanically strong, and biocompatible citrate-based polymer blends (CBPBs) 420:509 In this work, we have developed a new class of biodegradable, mechanically strong, and biocompatible citrate-based polymer blends (CBPBs), which offer enhanced hydroxyapatite binding to produce more biomimetic composites (CBPBHAs) for orthopedic applications. 23996976 7 82 theme implantation 1356:1367 arg1 weeks 1347:1351 6 weeks 1345:1351 6 weeks of implantation in a rabbit lateral femoral condyle defect model 1345:1416 After 6 weeks of implantation in a rabbit lateral femoral condyle defect model, CBPBHA composites elicited minimal fibrous tissue encapsulation and were well integrated with the surrounding bone tissues. 23996976 4 83 theme octanediol 778:787 arg1 poly 772:775 poly 772:775 poly (octanediol citrate) 772:796 CBPBHAs consist of the newly developed osteoconductive citrate-presenting biodegradable polymers, crosslinked urethane-doped polyester and poly (octanediol citrate), which can be composited with up to 65 wt % hydroxyapatite. 23996976 4 83 theme octanediol 778:787 arg1 citrate 789:795 octanediol citrate 778:795 octanediol citrate 778:795 CBPBHAs consist of the newly developed osteoconductive citrate-presenting biodegradable polymers, crosslinked urethane-doped polyester and poly (octanediol citrate), which can be composited with up to 65 wt % hydroxyapatite. 23996976 6 84 theme promising 1079:1087 arg1 results 1089:1095 The promising results 1075:1095 The promising results 1075:1095 The promising results above prompted an investigation on the role of citrate supplementation in culture medium for osteoblast culture, which showed that exogenous citrate supplemented into media accelerated the in vitro phenotype progression of MG-63 osteoblasts. 23996976 5 85 with materials 883:891 arg1 strength 912:919 a compressive strength 898:919 a compressive strength of 116.23 ± 5.37 MPa comparable to human cortical bone (100-230 MPa) 898:988 CBPBHA networks produced materials with a compressive strength of 116.23 ± 5.37 MPa comparable to human cortical bone (100-230 MPa), and increased C2C12 osterix gene and alkaline phosphatase gene expression in vitro. 23996976 3 86 theme citrate-based 474:486 arg1 CBPBs 504:508 CBPBs 504:508 CBPBs 504:508 In this work, we have developed a new class of biodegradable, mechanically strong, and biocompatible citrate-based polymer blends (CBPBs), which offer enhanced hydroxyapatite binding to produce more biomimetic composites (CBPBHAs) for orthopedic applications. 23996976 3 86 theme citrate-based 474:486 arg1 blends 496:501 biodegradable, mechanically strong, and biocompatible citrate-based polymer blends 420:501 biodegradable, mechanically strong, and biocompatible citrate-based polymer blends (CBPBs) 420:509 In this work, we have developed a new class of biodegradable, mechanically strong, and biocompatible citrate-based polymer blends (CBPBs), which offer enhanced hydroxyapatite binding to produce more biomimetic composites (CBPBHAs) for orthopedic applications. 23996976 0 87 theme citrate-based 45:57 arg1 composites 73:82 biomimetic citrate-based biodegradable composites 34:82 biomimetic citrate-based biodegradable composites 34:82 Synthesis and characterization of biomimetic citrate-based biodegradable composites. 23996976 5 88 theme phosphatase 1037:1047 arg1 expression 1054:1063 C2C12 osterix gene and alkaline phosphatase gene expression 1005:1063 C2C12 osterix gene and alkaline phosphatase gene expression 1005:1063 CBPBHA networks produced materials with a compressive strength of 116.23 ± 5.37 MPa comparable to human cortical bone (100-230 MPa), and increased C2C12 osterix gene and alkaline phosphatase gene expression in vitro. 23996976 8 89 theme exogenous 1655:1663 arg1 citrate 1665:1671 free exogenous citrate 1650:1671 free exogenous citrate 1650:1671 The development of citrate-presenting CBPBHA biomaterials and preliminary studies revealing the effects of free exogenous citrate on osteoblast culture shows the potential of citrate biomaterials to bridge the gap in orthopedic biomaterial design and osteoblast cell culture in that the role of citrate molecules has previously been overlooked. 23996976 0 90 theme composites 73:82 arg1 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 Synthesis and characterization of biomimetic citrate-based biodegradable composites. 23996976 0 90 theme composites 73:82 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis and characterization of biomimetic citrate-based biodegradable composites. 23996976 3 91 theme new 407:409 arg1 class 411:415 a new class 405:415 a new class 405:415 In this work, we have developed a new class of biodegradable, mechanically strong, and biocompatible citrate-based polymer blends (CBPBs), which offer enhanced hydroxyapatite binding to produce more biomimetic composites (CBPBHAs) for orthopedic applications. 23996976 2 92 theme cell 359:362 arg1 culture 364:370 osteoblast cell culture 348:370 osteoblast cell culture 348:370 However, such understanding has not been translated into bone biomaterial design and osteoblast cell culture. 23996976 5 93 theme osterix 1011:1017 arg1 gene 1019:1022 C2C12 osterix gene 1005:1022 C2C12 osterix gene 1005:1022 CBPBHA networks produced materials with a compressive strength of 116.23 ± 5.37 MPa comparable to human cortical bone (100-230 MPa), and increased C2C12 osterix gene and alkaline phosphatase gene expression in vitro. 23996976 6 94 theme citrate 1144:1150 arg1 supplementation 1152:1166 citrate supplementation 1144:1166 citrate supplementation 1144:1166 The promising results above prompted an investigation on the role of citrate supplementation in culture medium for osteoblast culture, which showed that exogenous citrate supplemented into media accelerated the in vitro phenotype progression of MG-63 osteoblasts. 23996976 1 95 theme apatite 98:104 arg1 crystals 106:113 Natural bone apatite crystals 85:113 Natural bone apatite crystals 85:113 Natural bone apatite crystals, which mediate the development and regulate the load-bearing function of bone, have recently been associated with strongly bound citrate molecules. 23996976 3 96 theme blends 496:501 arg1 class 411:415 a new class 405:415 a new class 405:415 In this work, we have developed a new class of biodegradable, mechanically strong, and biocompatible citrate-based polymer blends (CBPBs), which offer enhanced hydroxyapatite binding to produce more biomimetic composites (CBPBHAs) for orthopedic applications. 23996976 1 97 theme citrate 244:250 arg1 molecules 252:260 strongly bound citrate molecules 229:260 strongly bound citrate molecules 229:260 Natural bone apatite crystals, which mediate the development and regulate the load-bearing function of bone, have recently been associated with strongly bound citrate molecules. 23996976 6 98 from role 1136:1139 arg1 medium 1179:1184 culture medium 1171:1184 culture medium 1171:1184 The promising results above prompted an investigation on the role of citrate supplementation in culture medium for osteoblast culture, which showed that exogenous citrate supplemented into media accelerated the in vitro phenotype progression of MG-63 osteoblasts. 23996976 8 99 theme orthopedic 1760:1769 arg1 design 1783:1788 orthopedic biomaterial design 1760:1788 orthopedic biomaterial design 1760:1788 The development of citrate-presenting CBPBHA biomaterials and preliminary studies revealing the effects of free exogenous citrate on osteoblast culture shows the potential of citrate biomaterials to bridge the gap in orthopedic biomaterial design and osteoblast cell culture in that the role of citrate molecules has previously been overlooked. 27417139 6 0 theme extensive 1289:1297 arg1 shedding 1299:1306 extensive shedding 1289:1306 extensive shedding of cell wall material 1289:1328 In the closely related microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum, the ortholog of cpsA1 is the only gene involved in this function, and its conditional knockdown leads to dramatic changes in the cell wall composition and morphology of the bacteria due to extensive shedding of cell wall material in the culture medium as a result of defective attachment of AG to PG. 27417139 4 1 theme reactions 792:800 arg1 reactions 792:800 glycopolymer transfer reactions 770:800 glycopolymer transfer reactions in Gram-positive bacteria, including the attachment of wall teichoic acids to PG 770:881 CpsA1 and CpsA2 belong to the widespread LytR-Cps2A-Psr (LCP) family of enzymes that has been shown to catalyze a variety of glycopolymer transfer reactions in Gram-positive bacteria, including the attachment of wall teichoic acids to PG. 27417139 4 1 theme reactions 792:800 arg1 variety 759:765 a variety 757:765 a variety of glycopolymer transfer reactions in Gram-positive bacteria, including the attachment of wall teichoic acids to PG 757:881 CpsA1 and CpsA2 belong to the widespread LytR-Cps2A-Psr (LCP) family of enzymes that has been shown to catalyze a variety of glycopolymer transfer reactions in Gram-positive bacteria, including the attachment of wall teichoic acids to PG. 27417139 2 2 theme heteropolysaccharides 336:356 arg1 attachment 308:317 the covalent attachment 295:317 the covalent attachment of the two major heteropolysaccharides of the mycobacterial cell wall 295:387 Despite intensive efforts to identify the ligase(s) responsible for the covalent attachment of the two major heteropolysaccharides of the mycobacterial cell wall, arabinogalactan (AG) and peptidoglycan (PG), the enzyme or enzymes responsible have remained elusive. 27417139 6 3 theme attachment 1377:1386 arg1 result 1357:1362 a result 1355:1362 a result of defective attachment of AG to PG 1355:1398 In the closely related microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum, the ortholog of cpsA1 is the only gene involved in this function, and its conditional knockdown leads to dramatic changes in the cell wall composition and morphology of the bacteria due to extensive shedding of cell wall material in the culture medium as a result of defective attachment of AG to PG. 27417139 4 4 from reactions 792:800 arg1 bacteria 819:826 Gram-positive bacteria 805:826 Gram-positive bacteria 805:826 CpsA1 and CpsA2 belong to the widespread LytR-Cps2A-Psr (LCP) family of enzymes that has been shown to catalyze a variety of glycopolymer transfer reactions in Gram-positive bacteria, including the attachment of wall teichoic acids to PG. 27417139 4 4 from reactions 792:800 arg1 attachment 843:852 the attachment 839:852 the attachment of wall teichoic acids to PG 839:881 CpsA1 and CpsA2 belong to the widespread LytR-Cps2A-Psr (LCP) family of enzymes that has been shown to catalyze a variety of glycopolymer transfer reactions in Gram-positive bacteria, including the attachment of wall teichoic acids to PG. 27417139 4 5 theme transfer 783:790 arg1 reactions 792:800 glycopolymer transfer reactions 770:800 glycopolymer transfer reactions in Gram-positive bacteria, including the attachment of wall teichoic acids to PG 770:881 CpsA1 and CpsA2 belong to the widespread LytR-Cps2A-Psr (LCP) family of enzymes that has been shown to catalyze a variety of glycopolymer transfer reactions in Gram-positive bacteria, including the attachment of wall teichoic acids to PG. 27417139 2 6 theme major 330:334 arg1 heteropolysaccharides 336:356 the two major heteropolysaccharides 322:356 the two major heteropolysaccharides of the mycobacterial cell wall 322:387 Despite intensive efforts to identify the ligase(s) responsible for the covalent attachment of the two major heteropolysaccharides of the mycobacterial cell wall, arabinogalactan (AG) and peptidoglycan (PG), the enzyme or enzymes responsible have remained elusive. 27417139 6 7 from gene 1134:1137 arg1 glutamicum 1088:1097 the closely related microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum 1038:1097 the closely related microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum 1038:1097 In the closely related microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum, the ortholog of cpsA1 is the only gene involved in this function, and its conditional knockdown leads to dramatic changes in the cell wall composition and morphology of the bacteria due to extensive shedding of cell wall material in the culture medium as a result of defective attachment of AG to PG. 27417139 6 8 theme dramatic 1205:1212 arg1 changes 1214:1220 dramatic changes 1205:1220 dramatic changes in the cell wall composition and morphology of the bacteria due to extensive shedding of cell wall material in the culture medium 1205:1350 In the closely related microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum, the ortholog of cpsA1 is the only gene involved in this function, and its conditional knockdown leads to dramatic changes in the cell wall composition and morphology of the bacteria due to extensive shedding of cell wall material in the culture medium as a result of defective attachment of AG to PG. 27417139 6 9 theme due 1282:1284 arg1 bacteria 1273:1280 the bacteria 1269:1280 the bacteria due to extensive shedding of cell wall material 1269:1328 In the closely related microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum, the ortholog of cpsA1 is the only gene involved in this function, and its conditional knockdown leads to dramatic changes in the cell wall composition and morphology of the bacteria due to extensive shedding of cell wall material in the culture medium as a result of defective attachment of AG to PG. 27417139 6 10 theme only 1129:1132 arg1 ortholog 1104:1111 the ortholog 1100:1111 the ortholog of cpsA1 1100:1120 In the closely related microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum, the ortholog of cpsA1 is the only gene involved in this function, and its conditional knockdown leads to dramatic changes in the cell wall composition and morphology of the bacteria due to extensive shedding of cell wall material in the culture medium as a result of defective attachment of AG to PG. 27417139 6 10 theme only 1129:1132 arg1 gene 1134:1137 the only gene 1125:1137 the only gene involved in this function 1125:1163 In the closely related microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum, the ortholog of cpsA1 is the only gene involved in this function, and its conditional knockdown leads to dramatic changes in the cell wall composition and morphology of the bacteria due to extensive shedding of cell wall material in the culture medium as a result of defective attachment of AG to PG. 27417139 4 11 theme Gram-positive 805:817 arg1 bacteria 819:826 Gram-positive bacteria 805:826 Gram-positive bacteria 805:826 CpsA1 and CpsA2 belong to the widespread LytR-Cps2A-Psr (LCP) family of enzymes that has been shown to catalyze a variety of glycopolymer transfer reactions in Gram-positive bacteria, including the attachment of wall teichoic acids to PG. 27417139 4 11 theme Gram-positive 805:817 arg1 attachment 843:852 the attachment 839:852 the attachment of wall teichoic acids to PG 839:881 CpsA1 and CpsA2 belong to the widespread LytR-Cps2A-Psr (LCP) family of enzymes that has been shown to catalyze a variety of glycopolymer transfer reactions in Gram-positive bacteria, including the attachment of wall teichoic acids to PG. 27417139 4 12 theme LCP 702:704 arg1 family 707:712 the widespread LytR-Cps2A-Psr (LCP) family 671:712 the widespread LytR-Cps2A-Psr (LCP) family of enzymes that has been shown to catalyze a variety of glycopolymer transfer reactions in Gram-positive bacteria, including the attachment of wall teichoic acids to PG 671:881 CpsA1 and CpsA2 belong to the widespread LytR-Cps2A-Psr (LCP) family of enzymes that has been shown to catalyze a variety of glycopolymer transfer reactions in Gram-positive bacteria, including the attachment of wall teichoic acids to PG. 27417139 6 13 theme microorganism 1058:1070 arg1 glutamicum 1088:1097 the closely related microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum 1038:1097 the closely related microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum 1038:1097 In the closely related microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum, the ortholog of cpsA1 is the only gene involved in this function, and its conditional knockdown leads to dramatic changes in the cell wall composition and morphology of the bacteria due to extensive shedding of cell wall material in the culture medium as a result of defective attachment of AG to PG. 27417139 4 14 theme acids 871:875 arg1 attachment 843:852 the attachment 839:852 the attachment of wall teichoic acids to PG 839:881 CpsA1 and CpsA2 belong to the widespread LytR-Cps2A-Psr (LCP) family of enzymes that has been shown to catalyze a variety of glycopolymer transfer reactions in Gram-positive bacteria, including the attachment of wall teichoic acids to PG. 27417139 5 15 theme individual 893:902 arg1 knock-outs 920:929 individual cpsA1 and cpsA2 knock-outs 893:929 individual cpsA1 and cpsA2 knock-outs of M. tuberculosis 893:948 Although individual cpsA1 and cpsA2 knock-outs of M. tuberculosis were readily obtained, the combined inactivation of both genes appears to be lethal. 27417139 5 16 theme cpsA2 914:918 arg1 knock-outs 920:929 individual cpsA1 and cpsA2 knock-outs 893:929 individual cpsA1 and cpsA2 knock-outs of M. tuberculosis 893:948 Although individual cpsA1 and cpsA2 knock-outs of M. tuberculosis were readily obtained, the combined inactivation of both genes appears to be lethal. 27417139 4 17 attach attachment 843:852 arg1 PG 880:881 PG 880:881 PG 880:881 CpsA1 and CpsA2 belong to the widespread LytR-Cps2A-Psr (LCP) family of enzymes that has been shown to catalyze a variety of glycopolymer transfer reactions in Gram-positive bacteria, including the attachment of wall teichoic acids to PG. 27417139 4 17 attach attachment 843:852 arg2 acids 871:875 wall teichoic acids 857:875 wall teichoic acids 857:875 CpsA1 and CpsA2 belong to the widespread LytR-Cps2A-Psr (LCP) family of enzymes that has been shown to catalyze a variety of glycopolymer transfer reactions in Gram-positive bacteria, including the attachment of wall teichoic acids to PG. 27417139 6 18 theme conditional 1174:1184 arg1 knockdown 1186:1194 its conditional knockdown 1170:1194 its conditional knockdown 1170:1194 In the closely related microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum, the ortholog of cpsA1 is the only gene involved in this function, and its conditional knockdown leads to dramatic changes in the cell wall composition and morphology of the bacteria due to extensive shedding of cell wall material in the culture medium as a result of defective attachment of AG to PG. 27417139 1 19 theme unique 65:70 arg1 essential 101:109 essential 101:109 essential 101:109 The unique cell wall of mycobacteria is essential to their viability and the target of many clinically used anti-tuberculosis drugs and inhibitors under development. 27417139 1 19 theme unique 65:70 arg1 wall 77:80 The unique cell wall 61:80 The unique cell wall of mycobacteria 61:96 The unique cell wall of mycobacteria is essential to their viability and the target of many clinically used anti-tuberculosis drugs and inhibitors under development. 27417139 1 20 theme used 164:167 arg1 drugs 187:191 many clinically used anti-tuberculosis drugs 148:191 many clinically used anti-tuberculosis drugs 148:191 The unique cell wall of mycobacteria is essential to their viability and the target of many clinically used anti-tuberculosis drugs and inhibitors under development. 27417139 1 21 theme many 148:151 arg1 drugs 187:191 many clinically used anti-tuberculosis drugs 148:191 many clinically used anti-tuberculosis drugs 148:191 The unique cell wall of mycobacteria is essential to their viability and the target of many clinically used anti-tuberculosis drugs and inhibitors under development. 27417139 6 22 theme cell 1311:1314 arg1 material 1321:1328 cell wall material 1311:1328 cell wall material 1311:1328 In the closely related microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum, the ortholog of cpsA1 is the only gene involved in this function, and its conditional knockdown leads to dramatic changes in the cell wall composition and morphology of the bacteria due to extensive shedding of cell wall material in the culture medium as a result of defective attachment of AG to PG. 27417139 4 23 from variety 759:765 arg1 bacteria 819:826 Gram-positive bacteria 805:826 Gram-positive bacteria 805:826 CpsA1 and CpsA2 belong to the widespread LytR-Cps2A-Psr (LCP) family of enzymes that has been shown to catalyze a variety of glycopolymer transfer reactions in Gram-positive bacteria, including the attachment of wall teichoic acids to PG. 27417139 4 23 from variety 759:765 arg1 attachment 843:852 the attachment 839:852 the attachment of wall teichoic acids to PG 839:881 CpsA1 and CpsA2 belong to the widespread LytR-Cps2A-Psr (LCP) family of enzymes that has been shown to catalyze a variety of glycopolymer transfer reactions in Gram-positive bacteria, including the attachment of wall teichoic acids to PG. 27417139 6 24 dep composition 1239:1249 arg1 the 1225:1227 the 1225:1227 the 1225:1227 In the closely related microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum, the ortholog of cpsA1 is the only gene involved in this function, and its conditional knockdown leads to dramatic changes in the cell wall composition and morphology of the bacteria due to extensive shedding of cell wall material in the culture medium as a result of defective attachment of AG to PG. 27417139 1 25 theme cell 72:75 arg1 essential 101:109 essential 101:109 essential 101:109 The unique cell wall of mycobacteria is essential to their viability and the target of many clinically used anti-tuberculosis drugs and inhibitors under development. 27417139 1 25 theme cell 72:75 arg1 wall 77:80 The unique cell wall 61:80 The unique cell wall of mycobacteria 61:96 The unique cell wall of mycobacteria is essential to their viability and the target of many clinically used anti-tuberculosis drugs and inhibitors under development. 27417139 2 26 theme wall 384:387 arg1 heteropolysaccharides 336:356 the two major heteropolysaccharides 322:356 the two major heteropolysaccharides of the mycobacterial cell wall 322:387 Despite intensive efforts to identify the ligase(s) responsible for the covalent attachment of the two major heteropolysaccharides of the mycobacterial cell wall, arabinogalactan (AG) and peptidoglycan (PG), the enzyme or enzymes responsible have remained elusive. 27417139 6 27 theme AG 1391:1392 arg1 attachment 1377:1386 defective attachment 1367:1386 defective attachment of AG to PG 1367:1398 In the closely related microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum, the ortholog of cpsA1 is the only gene involved in this function, and its conditional knockdown leads to dramatic changes in the cell wall composition and morphology of the bacteria due to extensive shedding of cell wall material in the culture medium as a result of defective attachment of AG to PG. 27417139 4 28 theme glycopolymer 770:781 arg1 reactions 792:800 glycopolymer transfer reactions 770:800 glycopolymer transfer reactions in Gram-positive bacteria, including the attachment of wall teichoic acids to PG 770:881 CpsA1 and CpsA2 belong to the widespread LytR-Cps2A-Psr (LCP) family of enzymes that has been shown to catalyze a variety of glycopolymer transfer reactions in Gram-positive bacteria, including the attachment of wall teichoic acids to PG. 27417139 2 29 theme covalent 299:306 arg1 attachment 308:317 the covalent attachment 295:317 the covalent attachment of the two major heteropolysaccharides of the mycobacterial cell wall 295:387 Despite intensive efforts to identify the ligase(s) responsible for the covalent attachment of the two major heteropolysaccharides of the mycobacterial cell wall, arabinogalactan (AG) and peptidoglycan (PG), the enzyme or enzymes responsible have remained elusive. 27417139 2 30 theme cell 379:382 arg1 wall 384:387 the mycobacterial cell wall 361:387 the mycobacterial cell wall 361:387 Despite intensive efforts to identify the ligase(s) responsible for the covalent attachment of the two major heteropolysaccharides of the mycobacterial cell wall, arabinogalactan (AG) and peptidoglycan (PG), the enzyme or enzymes responsible have remained elusive. 27417139 7 31 theme important 1420:1428 arg1 step 1430:1433 an important step 1417:1433 an important step in our understanding of the biogenesis of the unique cell envelope of mycobacteria 1417:1516 This work marks an important step in our understanding of the biogenesis of the unique cell envelope of mycobacteria and opens new opportunities for drug development. 27417139 7 32 theme drug 1550:1553 arg1 development 1555:1565 drug development 1550:1565 drug development 1550:1565 This work marks an important step in our understanding of the biogenesis of the unique cell envelope of mycobacteria and opens new opportunities for drug development. 27417139 2 33 theme mycobacterial 365:377 arg1 wall 384:387 the mycobacterial cell wall 361:387 the mycobacterial cell wall 361:387 Despite intensive efforts to identify the ligase(s) responsible for the covalent attachment of the two major heteropolysaccharides of the mycobacterial cell wall, arabinogalactan (AG) and peptidoglycan (PG), the enzyme or enzymes responsible have remained elusive. 27417139 0 34 theme Mycobacterium 18:30 arg1 Core 55:58 the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cell Wall Core 14:58 the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cell Wall Core 14:58 Assembling of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cell Wall Core. 27417139 7 35 theme new 1528:1530 arg1 opportunities 1532:1544 new opportunities 1528:1544 new opportunities for drug development 1528:1565 This work marks an important step in our understanding of the biogenesis of the unique cell envelope of mycobacteria and opens new opportunities for drug development. 27417139 1 36 theme mycobacteria 85:96 arg1 essential 101:109 essential 101:109 essential 101:109 The unique cell wall of mycobacteria is essential to their viability and the target of many clinically used anti-tuberculosis drugs and inhibitors under development. 27417139 1 36 theme mycobacteria 85:96 arg1 wall 77:80 The unique cell wall 61:80 The unique cell wall of mycobacteria 61:96 The unique cell wall of mycobacteria is essential to their viability and the target of many clinically used anti-tuberculosis drugs and inhibitors under development. 27417139 3 37 theme Mycobacterium 551:563 arg1 tuberculosis 565:576 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 551:576 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 551:576 We here report on the identification of the two enzymes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, CpsA1 (Rv3267) and CpsA2 (Rv3484), responsible for this function. 27417139 1 38 theme drugs 187:191 arg1 viability 120:128 their viability 114:128 their viability 114:128 The unique cell wall of mycobacteria is essential to their viability and the target of many clinically used anti-tuberculosis drugs and inhibitors under development. 27417139 1 38 theme drugs 187:191 arg1 target 138:143 the target 134:143 the target 134:143 The unique cell wall of mycobacteria is essential to their viability and the target of many clinically used anti-tuberculosis drugs and inhibitors under development. 27417139 7 39 theme mycobacteria 1505:1516 arg1 envelope 1493:1500 the unique cell envelope 1477:1500 the unique cell envelope of mycobacteria 1477:1516 This work marks an important step in our understanding of the biogenesis of the unique cell envelope of mycobacteria and opens new opportunities for drug development. 27417139 5 40 theme cpsA1 904:908 arg1 knock-outs 920:929 individual cpsA1 and cpsA2 knock-outs 893:929 individual cpsA1 and cpsA2 knock-outs of M. tuberculosis 893:948 Although individual cpsA1 and cpsA2 knock-outs of M. tuberculosis were readily obtained, the combined inactivation of both genes appears to be lethal. 27417139 6 41 theme material 1321:1328 arg1 shedding 1299:1306 extensive shedding 1289:1306 extensive shedding of cell wall material 1289:1328 In the closely related microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum, the ortholog of cpsA1 is the only gene involved in this function, and its conditional knockdown leads to dramatic changes in the cell wall composition and morphology of the bacteria due to extensive shedding of cell wall material in the culture medium as a result of defective attachment of AG to PG. 27417139 4 42 theme widespread 675:684 arg1 family 707:712 the widespread LytR-Cps2A-Psr (LCP) family 671:712 the widespread LytR-Cps2A-Psr (LCP) family of enzymes that has been shown to catalyze a variety of glycopolymer transfer reactions in Gram-positive bacteria, including the attachment of wall teichoic acids to PG 671:881 CpsA1 and CpsA2 belong to the widespread LytR-Cps2A-Psr (LCP) family of enzymes that has been shown to catalyze a variety of glycopolymer transfer reactions in Gram-positive bacteria, including the attachment of wall teichoic acids to PG. 27417139 0 43 theme Cell 45:48 arg1 Core 55:58 the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cell Wall Core 14:58 the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cell Wall Core 14:58 Assembling of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cell Wall Core. 27417139 4 44 theme teichoic 862:869 arg1 acids 871:875 wall teichoic acids 857:875 wall teichoic acids 857:875 CpsA1 and CpsA2 belong to the widespread LytR-Cps2A-Psr (LCP) family of enzymes that has been shown to catalyze a variety of glycopolymer transfer reactions in Gram-positive bacteria, including the attachment of wall teichoic acids to PG. 27417139 7 45 from step 1430:1433 arg1 understanding 1442:1454 our understanding 1438:1454 our understanding of the biogenesis of the unique cell envelope of mycobacteria 1438:1516 This work marks an important step in our understanding of the biogenesis of the unique cell envelope of mycobacteria and opens new opportunities for drug development. 27417139 2 46 theme intensive 235:243 arg1 arabinogalactan 390:404 arabinogalactan 390:404 arabinogalactan (AG) 390:409 Despite intensive efforts to identify the ligase(s) responsible for the covalent attachment of the two major heteropolysaccharides of the mycobacterial cell wall, arabinogalactan (AG) and peptidoglycan (PG), the enzyme or enzymes responsible have remained elusive. 27417139 2 46 theme intensive 235:243 arg1 peptidoglycan 415:427 peptidoglycan 415:427 peptidoglycan (PG) 415:432 Despite intensive efforts to identify the ligase(s) responsible for the covalent attachment of the two major heteropolysaccharides of the mycobacterial cell wall, arabinogalactan (AG) and peptidoglycan (PG), the enzyme or enzymes responsible have remained elusive. 27417139 2 46 theme intensive 235:243 arg1 efforts 245:251 intensive efforts 235:251 intensive efforts to identify the ligase(s) responsible for the covalent attachment of the two major heteropolysaccharides of the mycobacterial cell wall 235:387 Despite intensive efforts to identify the ligase(s) responsible for the covalent attachment of the two major heteropolysaccharides of the mycobacterial cell wall, arabinogalactan (AG) and peptidoglycan (PG), the enzyme or enzymes responsible have remained elusive. 27417139 1 47 theme anti-tuberculosis 169:185 arg1 drugs 187:191 many clinically used anti-tuberculosis drugs 148:191 many clinically used anti-tuberculosis drugs 148:191 The unique cell wall of mycobacteria is essential to their viability and the target of many clinically used anti-tuberculosis drugs and inhibitors under development. 27417139 1 48 theme inhibitors 197:206 arg1 viability 120:128 their viability 114:128 their viability 114:128 The unique cell wall of mycobacteria is essential to their viability and the target of many clinically used anti-tuberculosis drugs and inhibitors under development. 27417139 1 48 theme inhibitors 197:206 arg1 target 138:143 the target 134:143 the target 134:143 The unique cell wall of mycobacteria is essential to their viability and the target of many clinically used anti-tuberculosis drugs and inhibitors under development. 27417139 0 49 theme tuberculosis 32:43 arg1 Core 55:58 the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cell Wall Core 14:58 the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cell Wall Core 14:58 Assembling of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cell Wall Core. 27417139 7 50 theme envelope 1493:1500 arg1 biogenesis 1463:1472 the biogenesis 1459:1472 the biogenesis of the unique cell envelope of mycobacteria 1459:1516 This work marks an important step in our understanding of the biogenesis of the unique cell envelope of mycobacteria and opens new opportunities for drug development. 27417139 4 51 theme wall 857:860 arg1 acids 871:875 wall teichoic acids 857:875 wall teichoic acids 857:875 CpsA1 and CpsA2 belong to the widespread LytR-Cps2A-Psr (LCP) family of enzymes that has been shown to catalyze a variety of glycopolymer transfer reactions in Gram-positive bacteria, including the attachment of wall teichoic acids to PG. 27417139 5 52 theme genes 1007:1011 arg1 lethal 1027:1032 lethal 1027:1032 lethal 1027:1032 Although individual cpsA1 and cpsA2 knock-outs of M. tuberculosis were readily obtained, the combined inactivation of both genes appears to be lethal. 27417139 5 52 theme genes 1007:1011 arg1 inactivation 986:997 the combined inactivation 973:997 the combined inactivation of both genes 973:1011 Although individual cpsA1 and cpsA2 knock-outs of M. tuberculosis were readily obtained, the combined inactivation of both genes appears to be lethal. 27417139 3 53 theme tuberculosis 565:576 arg1 CpsA2 598:602 CpsA2 598:602 CpsA2 (Rv3484) 598:611 We here report on the identification of the two enzymes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, CpsA1 (Rv3267) and CpsA2 (Rv3484), responsible for this function. 27417139 3 53 theme tuberculosis 565:576 arg1 CpsA1 579:583 CpsA1 579:583 CpsA1 (Rv3267) 579:592 We here report on the identification of the two enzymes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, CpsA1 (Rv3267) and CpsA2 (Rv3484), responsible for this function. 27417139 3 53 theme tuberculosis 565:576 arg1 enzymes 540:546 the two enzymes 532:546 the two enzymes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis 532:576 We here report on the identification of the two enzymes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, CpsA1 (Rv3267) and CpsA2 (Rv3484), responsible for this function. 27417139 5 54 theme tuberculosis 937:948 arg1 knock-outs 920:929 individual cpsA1 and cpsA2 knock-outs 893:929 individual cpsA1 and cpsA2 knock-outs of M. tuberculosis 893:948 Although individual cpsA1 and cpsA2 knock-outs of M. tuberculosis were readily obtained, the combined inactivation of both genes appears to be lethal. 27417139 6 55 theme wall 1316:1319 arg1 material 1321:1328 cell wall material 1311:1328 cell wall material 1311:1328 In the closely related microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum, the ortholog of cpsA1 is the only gene involved in this function, and its conditional knockdown leads to dramatic changes in the cell wall composition and morphology of the bacteria due to extensive shedding of cell wall material in the culture medium as a result of defective attachment of AG to PG. 27417139 6 56 from changes 1214:1220 arg1 composition 1239:1249 cell wall composition 1229:1249 cell wall composition 1229:1249 In the closely related microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum, the ortholog of cpsA1 is the only gene involved in this function, and its conditional knockdown leads to dramatic changes in the cell wall composition and morphology of the bacteria due to extensive shedding of cell wall material in the culture medium as a result of defective attachment of AG to PG. 27417139 6 56 from changes 1214:1220 arg1 medium 1345:1350 the culture medium 1333:1350 the culture medium 1333:1350 In the closely related microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum, the ortholog of cpsA1 is the only gene involved in this function, and its conditional knockdown leads to dramatic changes in the cell wall composition and morphology of the bacteria due to extensive shedding of cell wall material in the culture medium as a result of defective attachment of AG to PG. 27417139 6 56 from changes 1214:1220 arg1 morphology 1255:1264 morphology 1255:1264 morphology 1255:1264 In the closely related microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum, the ortholog of cpsA1 is the only gene involved in this function, and its conditional knockdown leads to dramatic changes in the cell wall composition and morphology of the bacteria due to extensive shedding of cell wall material in the culture medium as a result of defective attachment of AG to PG. 27417139 6 57 theme cell 1229:1232 arg1 composition 1239:1249 cell wall composition 1229:1249 cell wall composition 1229:1249 In the closely related microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum, the ortholog of cpsA1 is the only gene involved in this function, and its conditional knockdown leads to dramatic changes in the cell wall composition and morphology of the bacteria due to extensive shedding of cell wall material in the culture medium as a result of defective attachment of AG to PG. 27417139 3 58 theme enzymes 540:546 arg1 identification 514:527 the identification 510:527 the identification of the two enzymes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, CpsA1 (Rv3267) and CpsA2 (Rv3484), responsible for this function 510:642 We here report on the identification of the two enzymes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, CpsA1 (Rv3267) and CpsA2 (Rv3484), responsible for this function. 27417139 6 59 theme related 1050:1056 arg1 glutamicum 1088:1097 the closely related microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum 1038:1097 the closely related microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum 1038:1097 In the closely related microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum, the ortholog of cpsA1 is the only gene involved in this function, and its conditional knockdown leads to dramatic changes in the cell wall composition and morphology of the bacteria due to extensive shedding of cell wall material in the culture medium as a result of defective attachment of AG to PG. 27417139 0 60 theme Wall 50:53 arg1 Core 55:58 the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cell Wall Core 14:58 the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cell Wall Core 14:58 Assembling of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cell Wall Core. 27417139 7 61 theme unique 1481:1486 arg1 envelope 1493:1500 the unique cell envelope 1477:1500 the unique cell envelope of mycobacteria 1477:1516 This work marks an important step in our understanding of the biogenesis of the unique cell envelope of mycobacteria and opens new opportunities for drug development. 27417139 6 62 theme Corynebacterium 1072:1086 arg1 glutamicum 1088:1097 the closely related microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum 1038:1097 the closely related microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum 1038:1097 In the closely related microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum, the ortholog of cpsA1 is the only gene involved in this function, and its conditional knockdown leads to dramatic changes in the cell wall composition and morphology of the bacteria due to extensive shedding of cell wall material in the culture medium as a result of defective attachment of AG to PG. 27417139 7 63 theme cell 1488:1491 arg1 envelope 1493:1500 the unique cell envelope 1477:1500 the unique cell envelope of mycobacteria 1477:1516 This work marks an important step in our understanding of the biogenesis of the unique cell envelope of mycobacteria and opens new opportunities for drug development. 27417139 6 64 attach attachment 1377:1386 arg1 PG 1397:1398 PG 1397:1398 PG 1397:1398 In the closely related microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum, the ortholog of cpsA1 is the only gene involved in this function, and its conditional knockdown leads to dramatic changes in the cell wall composition and morphology of the bacteria due to extensive shedding of cell wall material in the culture medium as a result of defective attachment of AG to PG. 27417139 6 64 attach attachment 1377:1386 arg2 AG 1391:1392 AG 1391:1392 AG 1391:1392 In the closely related microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum, the ortholog of cpsA1 is the only gene involved in this function, and its conditional knockdown leads to dramatic changes in the cell wall composition and morphology of the bacteria due to extensive shedding of cell wall material in the culture medium as a result of defective attachment of AG to PG. 27417139 3 65 theme responsible 614:624 arg1 CpsA2 598:602 CpsA2 598:602 CpsA2 (Rv3484) 598:611 We here report on the identification of the two enzymes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, CpsA1 (Rv3267) and CpsA2 (Rv3484), responsible for this function. 27417139 3 65 theme responsible 614:624 arg1 CpsA1 579:583 CpsA1 579:583 CpsA1 (Rv3267) 579:592 We here report on the identification of the two enzymes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, CpsA1 (Rv3267) and CpsA2 (Rv3484), responsible for this function. 27417139 3 65 theme responsible 614:624 arg1 enzymes 540:546 the two enzymes 532:546 the two enzymes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis 532:576 We here report on the identification of the two enzymes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, CpsA1 (Rv3267) and CpsA2 (Rv3484), responsible for this function. 27417139 4 66 theme enzymes 717:723 arg1 family 707:712 the widespread LytR-Cps2A-Psr (LCP) family 671:712 the widespread LytR-Cps2A-Psr (LCP) family of enzymes that has been shown to catalyze a variety of glycopolymer transfer reactions in Gram-positive bacteria, including the attachment of wall teichoic acids to PG 671:881 CpsA1 and CpsA2 belong to the widespread LytR-Cps2A-Psr (LCP) family of enzymes that has been shown to catalyze a variety of glycopolymer transfer reactions in Gram-positive bacteria, including the attachment of wall teichoic acids to PG. 27417139 6 67 theme wall 1234:1237 arg1 composition 1239:1249 cell wall composition 1229:1249 cell wall composition 1229:1249 In the closely related microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum, the ortholog of cpsA1 is the only gene involved in this function, and its conditional knockdown leads to dramatic changes in the cell wall composition and morphology of the bacteria due to extensive shedding of cell wall material in the culture medium as a result of defective attachment of AG to PG. 27417139 4 68 theme LytR-Cps2A-Psr 686:699 arg1 family 707:712 the widespread LytR-Cps2A-Psr (LCP) family 671:712 the widespread LytR-Cps2A-Psr (LCP) family of enzymes that has been shown to catalyze a variety of glycopolymer transfer reactions in Gram-positive bacteria, including the attachment of wall teichoic acids to PG 671:881 CpsA1 and CpsA2 belong to the widespread LytR-Cps2A-Psr (LCP) family of enzymes that has been shown to catalyze a variety of glycopolymer transfer reactions in Gram-positive bacteria, including the attachment of wall teichoic acids to PG. 27417139 6 69 theme culture 1337:1343 arg1 medium 1345:1350 the culture medium 1333:1350 the culture medium 1333:1350 In the closely related microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum, the ortholog of cpsA1 is the only gene involved in this function, and its conditional knockdown leads to dramatic changes in the cell wall composition and morphology of the bacteria due to extensive shedding of cell wall material in the culture medium as a result of defective attachment of AG to PG. 27417139 5 70 theme combined 977:984 arg1 lethal 1027:1032 lethal 1027:1032 lethal 1027:1032 Although individual cpsA1 and cpsA2 knock-outs of M. tuberculosis were readily obtained, the combined inactivation of both genes appears to be lethal. 27417139 5 70 theme combined 977:984 arg1 inactivation 986:997 the combined inactivation 973:997 the combined inactivation of both genes 973:1011 Although individual cpsA1 and cpsA2 knock-outs of M. tuberculosis were readily obtained, the combined inactivation of both genes appears to be lethal. 27417139 6 71 theme cpsA1 1116:1120 arg1 ortholog 1104:1111 the ortholog 1100:1111 the ortholog of cpsA1 1100:1120 In the closely related microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum, the ortholog of cpsA1 is the only gene involved in this function, and its conditional knockdown leads to dramatic changes in the cell wall composition and morphology of the bacteria due to extensive shedding of cell wall material in the culture medium as a result of defective attachment of AG to PG. 27417139 6 71 theme cpsA1 1116:1120 arg1 gene 1134:1137 the only gene 1125:1137 the only gene involved in this function 1125:1163 In the closely related microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum, the ortholog of cpsA1 is the only gene involved in this function, and its conditional knockdown leads to dramatic changes in the cell wall composition and morphology of the bacteria due to extensive shedding of cell wall material in the culture medium as a result of defective attachment of AG to PG. 27417139 4 72 from bacteria 819:826 arg1 reactions 792:800 glycopolymer transfer reactions 770:800 glycopolymer transfer reactions in Gram-positive bacteria, including the attachment of wall teichoic acids to PG 770:881 CpsA1 and CpsA2 belong to the widespread LytR-Cps2A-Psr (LCP) family of enzymes that has been shown to catalyze a variety of glycopolymer transfer reactions in Gram-positive bacteria, including the attachment of wall teichoic acids to PG. 27417139 4 72 from bacteria 819:826 arg1 variety 759:765 a variety 757:765 a variety of glycopolymer transfer reactions in Gram-positive bacteria, including the attachment of wall teichoic acids to PG 757:881 CpsA1 and CpsA2 belong to the widespread LytR-Cps2A-Psr (LCP) family of enzymes that has been shown to catalyze a variety of glycopolymer transfer reactions in Gram-positive bacteria, including the attachment of wall teichoic acids to PG. 27417139 7 73 theme biogenesis 1463:1472 arg1 understanding 1442:1454 our understanding 1438:1454 our understanding of the biogenesis of the unique cell envelope of mycobacteria 1438:1516 This work marks an important step in our understanding of the biogenesis of the unique cell envelope of mycobacteria and opens new opportunities for drug development. 27417139 2 74 dep efforts 245:251 arg1 identify 256:263 identify 256:263 to identify the ligase(s) responsible for the covalent attachment of the two major heteropolysaccharides of the mycobacterial cell wall 253:387 Despite intensive efforts to identify the ligase(s) responsible for the covalent attachment of the two major heteropolysaccharides of the mycobacterial cell wall, arabinogalactan (AG) and peptidoglycan (PG), the enzyme or enzymes responsible have remained elusive. 27417139 2 75 theme responsible 457:467 arg1 enzymes 449:455 enzymes 449:455 enzymes responsible 449:467 Despite intensive efforts to identify the ligase(s) responsible for the covalent attachment of the two major heteropolysaccharides of the mycobacterial cell wall, arabinogalactan (AG) and peptidoglycan (PG), the enzyme or enzymes responsible have remained elusive. 27417139 5 76 theme M. 934:935 arg1 tuberculosis 937:948 M. tuberculosis 934:948 M. tuberculosis 934:948 Although individual cpsA1 and cpsA2 knock-outs of M. tuberculosis were readily obtained, the combined inactivation of both genes appears to be lethal. 27417139 6 77 theme defective 1367:1375 arg1 attachment 1377:1386 defective attachment 1367:1386 defective attachment of AG to PG 1367:1398 In the closely related microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum, the ortholog of cpsA1 is the only gene involved in this function, and its conditional knockdown leads to dramatic changes in the cell wall composition and morphology of the bacteria due to extensive shedding of cell wall material in the culture medium as a result of defective attachment of AG to PG. 27417139 6 78 theme bacteria 1273:1280 arg1 composition 1239:1249 cell wall composition 1229:1249 cell wall composition 1229:1249 In the closely related microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum, the ortholog of cpsA1 is the only gene involved in this function, and its conditional knockdown leads to dramatic changes in the cell wall composition and morphology of the bacteria due to extensive shedding of cell wall material in the culture medium as a result of defective attachment of AG to PG. 27417139 6 78 theme bacteria 1273:1280 arg1 morphology 1255:1264 morphology 1255:1264 morphology 1255:1264 In the closely related microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum, the ortholog of cpsA1 is the only gene involved in this function, and its conditional knockdown leads to dramatic changes in the cell wall composition and morphology of the bacteria due to extensive shedding of cell wall material in the culture medium as a result of defective attachment of AG to PG. 27031428 1 0 theme high 169:172 arg1 adhesion 179:186 high cell adhesion 169:186 high cell adhesion as well as good electrical conductivity 169:226 The design of biocompatible implants for neuron repair/regeneration ideally requires high cell adhesion as well as good electrical conductivity. 27031428 4 1 theme Neuron 603:608 arg1 experiments 620:630 Neuron viability experiments 603:630 Neuron viability experiments 603:630 Neuron viability experiments showed excellent neuron attachment onto plasma-treated chitin nanotube composite scaffolds. 27031428 6 2 theme neurons 984:990 arg1 engineering 969:979 in vitro tissue engineering 953:979 in vitro tissue engineering of neurons 953:990 The biocompatible and electrically-conducting chitin nanotube composite scaffold prepared in this study can be used for in vitro tissue engineering of neurons and, potentially, as an implantable electrode for stimulation and repair of neurons. 27031428 1 3 theme cell 174:177 arg1 adhesion 179:186 high cell adhesion 169:186 high cell adhesion as well as good electrical conductivity 169:226 The design of biocompatible implants for neuron repair/regeneration ideally requires high cell adhesion as well as good electrical conductivity. 27031428 6 4 theme composite 895:903 arg1 electrode 1028:1036 an implantable electrode 1013:1036 an implantable electrode for stimulation and repair of neurons 1013:1074 The biocompatible and electrically-conducting chitin nanotube composite scaffold prepared in this study can be used for in vitro tissue engineering of neurons and, potentially, as an implantable electrode for stimulation and repair of neurons. 27031428 6 4 theme composite 895:903 arg1 scaffold 905:912 The biocompatible and electrically-conducting chitin nanotube composite scaffold 833:912 The biocompatible and electrically-conducting chitin nanotube composite scaffold prepared in this study 833:935 The biocompatible and electrically-conducting chitin nanotube composite scaffold prepared in this study can be used for in vitro tissue engineering of neurons and, potentially, as an implantable electrode for stimulation and repair of neurons. 27031428 3 5 theme nanotube 576:583 arg1 surface 594:600 the chitin nanotube scaffold surface 565:600 the chitin nanotube scaffold surface 565:600 The addition of carbon nanotubes to a chitin biopolymer improved the electrical conductivity and the assisted oxygen plasma treatment introduced more oxygen species onto the chitin nanotube scaffold surface. 27031428 2 6 theme neuron 327:332 arg1 adhesion 334:341 very good neuron adhesion 317:341 very good neuron adhesion as well as support of synaptic function of neurons 317:392 Here, we have shown that plasma-treated chitin carbon nanotube composite scaffolds show very good neuron adhesion as well as support of synaptic function of neurons. 27031428 6 7 theme nanotube 886:893 arg1 electrode 1028:1036 an implantable electrode 1013:1036 an implantable electrode for stimulation and repair of neurons 1013:1074 The biocompatible and electrically-conducting chitin nanotube composite scaffold prepared in this study can be used for in vitro tissue engineering of neurons and, potentially, as an implantable electrode for stimulation and repair of neurons. 27031428 6 7 theme nanotube 886:893 arg1 scaffold 905:912 The biocompatible and electrically-conducting chitin nanotube composite scaffold 833:912 The biocompatible and electrically-conducting chitin nanotube composite scaffold prepared in this study 833:935 The biocompatible and electrically-conducting chitin nanotube composite scaffold prepared in this study can be used for in vitro tissue engineering of neurons and, potentially, as an implantable electrode for stimulation and repair of neurons. 27031428 2 8 theme composite 292:300 arg1 scaffolds 302:310 plasma-treated chitin carbon nanotube composite scaffolds 254:310 plasma-treated chitin carbon nanotube composite scaffolds 254:310 Here, we have shown that plasma-treated chitin carbon nanotube composite scaffolds show very good neuron adhesion as well as support of synaptic function of neurons. 27031428 4 9 theme viability 610:618 arg1 experiments 620:630 Neuron viability experiments 603:630 Neuron viability experiments 603:630 Neuron viability experiments showed excellent neuron attachment onto plasma-treated chitin nanotube composite scaffolds. 27031428 3 10 theme assisted 496:503 arg1 treatment 519:527 the assisted oxygen plasma treatment 492:527 the assisted oxygen plasma treatment 492:527 The addition of carbon nanotubes to a chitin biopolymer improved the electrical conductivity and the assisted oxygen plasma treatment introduced more oxygen species onto the chitin nanotube scaffold surface. 27031428 6 11 theme chitin 879:884 arg1 electrode 1028:1036 an implantable electrode 1013:1036 an implantable electrode for stimulation and repair of neurons 1013:1074 The biocompatible and electrically-conducting chitin nanotube composite scaffold prepared in this study can be used for in vitro tissue engineering of neurons and, potentially, as an implantable electrode for stimulation and repair of neurons. 27031428 6 11 theme chitin 879:884 arg1 scaffold 905:912 The biocompatible and electrically-conducting chitin nanotube composite scaffold 833:912 The biocompatible and electrically-conducting chitin nanotube composite scaffold prepared in this study 833:935 The biocompatible and electrically-conducting chitin nanotube composite scaffold prepared in this study can be used for in vitro tissue engineering of neurons and, potentially, as an implantable electrode for stimulation and repair of neurons. 27031428 2 12 theme nanotube 283:290 arg1 scaffolds 302:310 plasma-treated chitin carbon nanotube composite scaffolds 254:310 plasma-treated chitin carbon nanotube composite scaffolds 254:310 Here, we have shown that plasma-treated chitin carbon nanotube composite scaffolds show very good neuron adhesion as well as support of synaptic function of neurons. 27031428 3 13 theme chitin 433:438 arg1 biopolymer 440:449 a chitin biopolymer 431:449 a chitin biopolymer 431:449 The addition of carbon nanotubes to a chitin biopolymer improved the electrical conductivity and the assisted oxygen plasma treatment introduced more oxygen species onto the chitin nanotube scaffold surface. 27031428 3 14 theme carbon 411:416 arg1 nanotubes 418:426 carbon nanotubes 411:426 carbon nanotubes 411:426 The addition of carbon nanotubes to a chitin biopolymer improved the electrical conductivity and the assisted oxygen plasma treatment introduced more oxygen species onto the chitin nanotube scaffold surface. 27031428 6 15 theme electrically-conducting 855:877 arg1 electrode 1028:1036 an implantable electrode 1013:1036 an implantable electrode for stimulation and repair of neurons 1013:1074 The biocompatible and electrically-conducting chitin nanotube composite scaffold prepared in this study can be used for in vitro tissue engineering of neurons and, potentially, as an implantable electrode for stimulation and repair of neurons. 27031428 6 15 theme electrically-conducting 855:877 arg1 scaffold 905:912 The biocompatible and electrically-conducting chitin nanotube composite scaffold 833:912 The biocompatible and electrically-conducting chitin nanotube composite scaffold prepared in this study 833:935 The biocompatible and electrically-conducting chitin nanotube composite scaffold prepared in this study can be used for in vitro tissue engineering of neurons and, potentially, as an implantable electrode for stimulation and repair of neurons. 27031428 2 16 theme carbon 276:281 arg1 scaffolds 302:310 plasma-treated chitin carbon nanotube composite scaffolds 254:310 plasma-treated chitin carbon nanotube composite scaffolds 254:310 Here, we have shown that plasma-treated chitin carbon nanotube composite scaffolds show very good neuron adhesion as well as support of synaptic function of neurons. 27031428 4 17 theme composite 703:711 arg1 scaffolds 713:721 plasma-treated chitin nanotube composite scaffolds 672:721 plasma-treated chitin nanotube composite scaffolds 672:721 Neuron viability experiments showed excellent neuron attachment onto plasma-treated chitin nanotube composite scaffolds. 27031428 6 18 theme in 953:954 arg1 engineering 969:979 in vitro tissue engineering 953:979 in vitro tissue engineering of neurons 953:990 The biocompatible and electrically-conducting chitin nanotube composite scaffold prepared in this study can be used for in vitro tissue engineering of neurons and, potentially, as an implantable electrode for stimulation and repair of neurons. 27031428 3 19 theme scaffold 585:592 arg1 surface 594:600 the chitin nanotube scaffold surface 565:600 the chitin nanotube scaffold surface 565:600 The addition of carbon nanotubes to a chitin biopolymer improved the electrical conductivity and the assisted oxygen plasma treatment introduced more oxygen species onto the chitin nanotube scaffold surface. 27031428 6 20 theme tissue 962:967 arg1 engineering 969:979 in vitro tissue engineering 953:979 in vitro tissue engineering of neurons 953:990 The biocompatible and electrically-conducting chitin nanotube composite scaffold prepared in this study can be used for in vitro tissue engineering of neurons and, potentially, as an implantable electrode for stimulation and repair of neurons. 27031428 2 21 theme neurons 386:392 arg1 function 374:381 synaptic function 365:381 synaptic function of neurons 365:392 Here, we have shown that plasma-treated chitin carbon nanotube composite scaffolds show very good neuron adhesion as well as support of synaptic function of neurons. 27031428 6 22 theme biocompatible 837:849 arg1 electrode 1028:1036 an implantable electrode 1013:1036 an implantable electrode for stimulation and repair of neurons 1013:1074 The biocompatible and electrically-conducting chitin nanotube composite scaffold prepared in this study can be used for in vitro tissue engineering of neurons and, potentially, as an implantable electrode for stimulation and repair of neurons. 27031428 6 22 theme biocompatible 837:849 arg1 scaffold 905:912 The biocompatible and electrically-conducting chitin nanotube composite scaffold 833:912 The biocompatible and electrically-conducting chitin nanotube composite scaffold prepared in this study 833:935 The biocompatible and electrically-conducting chitin nanotube composite scaffold prepared in this study can be used for in vitro tissue engineering of neurons and, potentially, as an implantable electrode for stimulation and repair of neurons. 27031428 2 23 theme good 322:325 arg1 adhesion 334:341 very good neuron adhesion 317:341 very good neuron adhesion as well as support of synaptic function of neurons 317:392 Here, we have shown that plasma-treated chitin carbon nanotube composite scaffolds show very good neuron adhesion as well as support of synaptic function of neurons. 27031428 6 24 theme neurons 1068:1074 arg1 repair 1058:1063 repair 1058:1063 repair 1058:1063 The biocompatible and electrically-conducting chitin nanotube composite scaffold prepared in this study can be used for in vitro tissue engineering of neurons and, potentially, as an implantable electrode for stimulation and repair of neurons. 27031428 6 24 theme neurons 1068:1074 arg1 stimulation 1042:1052 stimulation 1042:1052 stimulation 1042:1052 The biocompatible and electrically-conducting chitin nanotube composite scaffold prepared in this study can be used for in vitro tissue engineering of neurons and, potentially, as an implantable electrode for stimulation and repair of neurons. 27031428 3 25 theme chitin 569:574 arg1 surface 594:600 the chitin nanotube scaffold surface 565:600 the chitin nanotube scaffold surface 565:600 The addition of carbon nanotubes to a chitin biopolymer improved the electrical conductivity and the assisted oxygen plasma treatment introduced more oxygen species onto the chitin nanotube scaffold surface. 27031428 1 26 theme good 199:202 arg1 conductivity 215:226 good electrical conductivity 199:226 high cell adhesion as well as good electrical conductivity 169:226 The design of biocompatible implants for neuron repair/regeneration ideally requires high cell adhesion as well as good electrical conductivity. 27031428 3 27 theme oxygen 545:550 arg1 species 552:558 more oxygen species 540:558 more oxygen species 540:558 The addition of carbon nanotubes to a chitin biopolymer improved the electrical conductivity and the assisted oxygen plasma treatment introduced more oxygen species onto the chitin nanotube scaffold surface. 27031428 1 28 theme biocompatible 98:110 arg1 implants 112:119 biocompatible implants 98:119 biocompatible implants 98:119 The design of biocompatible implants for neuron repair/regeneration ideally requires high cell adhesion as well as good electrical conductivity. 27031428 1 29 theme electrical 204:213 arg1 conductivity 215:226 good electrical conductivity 199:226 high cell adhesion as well as good electrical conductivity 169:226 The design of biocompatible implants for neuron repair/regeneration ideally requires high cell adhesion as well as good electrical conductivity. 27031428 3 30 theme plasma 512:517 arg1 treatment 519:527 the assisted oxygen plasma treatment 492:527 the assisted oxygen plasma treatment 492:527 The addition of carbon nanotubes to a chitin biopolymer improved the electrical conductivity and the assisted oxygen plasma treatment introduced more oxygen species onto the chitin nanotube scaffold surface. 27031428 6 31 theme implantable 1016:1026 arg1 electrode 1028:1036 an implantable electrode 1013:1036 an implantable electrode for stimulation and repair of neurons 1013:1074 The biocompatible and electrically-conducting chitin nanotube composite scaffold prepared in this study can be used for in vitro tissue engineering of neurons and, potentially, as an implantable electrode for stimulation and repair of neurons. 27031428 6 31 theme implantable 1016:1026 arg1 scaffold 905:912 The biocompatible and electrically-conducting chitin nanotube composite scaffold 833:912 The biocompatible and electrically-conducting chitin nanotube composite scaffold prepared in this study 833:935 The biocompatible and electrically-conducting chitin nanotube composite scaffold prepared in this study can be used for in vitro tissue engineering of neurons and, potentially, as an implantable electrode for stimulation and repair of neurons. 27031428 4 32 theme nanotube 694:701 arg1 scaffolds 713:721 plasma-treated chitin nanotube composite scaffolds 672:721 plasma-treated chitin nanotube composite scaffolds 672:721 Neuron viability experiments showed excellent neuron attachment onto plasma-treated chitin nanotube composite scaffolds. 27031428 3 33 theme nanotubes 418:426 arg1 addition 399:406 The addition 395:406 The addition of carbon nanotubes to a chitin biopolymer 395:449 The addition of carbon nanotubes to a chitin biopolymer improved the electrical conductivity and the assisted oxygen plasma treatment introduced more oxygen species onto the chitin nanotube scaffold surface. 27031428 5 34 theme chitin/nanotube 772:786 arg1 composites 788:797 chitin/nanotube composites 772:797 chitin/nanotube composites 772:797 The support of synaptic function was evident on chitin/nanotube composites, as confirmed by PSD-95 staining. 27031428 4 35 theme chitin 687:692 arg1 scaffolds 713:721 plasma-treated chitin nanotube composite scaffolds 672:721 plasma-treated chitin nanotube composite scaffolds 672:721 Neuron viability experiments showed excellent neuron attachment onto plasma-treated chitin nanotube composite scaffolds. 27031428 6 36 used used 944:947 arg2 scaffold 905:912 The biocompatible and electrically-conducting chitin nanotube composite scaffold 833:912 The biocompatible and electrically-conducting chitin nanotube composite scaffold prepared in this study 833:935 The biocompatible and electrically-conducting chitin nanotube composite scaffold prepared in this study can be used for in vitro tissue engineering of neurons and, potentially, as an implantable electrode for stimulation and repair of neurons. 27031428 6 36 used used 944:947 arg2 electrode 1028:1036 an implantable electrode 1013:1036 an implantable electrode for stimulation and repair of neurons 1013:1074 The biocompatible and electrically-conducting chitin nanotube composite scaffold prepared in this study can be used for in vitro tissue engineering of neurons and, potentially, as an implantable electrode for stimulation and repair of neurons. 27031428 1 37 theme implants 112:119 arg1 design 88:93 The design 84:93 The design of biocompatible implants for neuron repair/regeneration 84:150 The design of biocompatible implants for neuron repair/regeneration ideally requires high cell adhesion as well as good electrical conductivity. 27031428 0 38 theme biocompatible 41:53 arg1 composites 27:36 composites 27:36 composites 27:36 Chitin and carbon nanotube composites as biocompatible scaffolds for neuron growth. 27031428 0 38 theme biocompatible 41:53 arg1 scaffolds 55:63 biocompatible scaffolds 41:63 biocompatible scaffolds for neuron growth 41:81 Chitin and carbon nanotube composites as biocompatible scaffolds for neuron growth. 27031428 3 39 theme oxygen 505:510 arg1 treatment 519:527 the assisted oxygen plasma treatment 492:527 the assisted oxygen plasma treatment 492:527 The addition of carbon nanotubes to a chitin biopolymer improved the electrical conductivity and the assisted oxygen plasma treatment introduced more oxygen species onto the chitin nanotube scaffold surface. 27031428 5 40 theme synaptic 739:746 arg1 function 748:755 synaptic function 739:755 synaptic function 739:755 The support of synaptic function was evident on chitin/nanotube composites, as confirmed by PSD-95 staining. 27031428 2 41 theme chitin 269:274 arg1 scaffolds 302:310 plasma-treated chitin carbon nanotube composite scaffolds 254:310 plasma-treated chitin carbon nanotube composite scaffolds 254:310 Here, we have shown that plasma-treated chitin carbon nanotube composite scaffolds show very good neuron adhesion as well as support of synaptic function of neurons. 27031428 1 42 theme neuron 125:130 arg1 repair/regeneration 132:150 neuron repair/regeneration 125:150 neuron repair/regeneration 125:150 The design of biocompatible implants for neuron repair/regeneration ideally requires high cell adhesion as well as good electrical conductivity. 27031428 4 43 theme excellent 639:647 arg1 attachment 656:665 excellent neuron attachment 639:665 excellent neuron attachment onto plasma-treated chitin nanotube composite scaffolds 639:721 Neuron viability experiments showed excellent neuron attachment onto plasma-treated chitin nanotube composite scaffolds. 27031428 5 44 theme function 748:755 arg1 evident 761:767 evident 761:767 evident 761:767 The support of synaptic function was evident on chitin/nanotube composites, as confirmed by PSD-95 staining. 27031428 5 44 theme function 748:755 arg1 support 728:734 The support 724:734 The support of synaptic function 724:755 The support of synaptic function was evident on chitin/nanotube composites, as confirmed by PSD-95 staining. 27031428 2 45 theme plasma-treated 254:267 arg1 scaffolds 302:310 plasma-treated chitin carbon nanotube composite scaffolds 254:310 plasma-treated chitin carbon nanotube composite scaffolds 254:310 Here, we have shown that plasma-treated chitin carbon nanotube composite scaffolds show very good neuron adhesion as well as support of synaptic function of neurons. 27031428 3 46 theme more 540:543 arg1 species 552:558 more oxygen species 540:558 more oxygen species 540:558 The addition of carbon nanotubes to a chitin biopolymer improved the electrical conductivity and the assisted oxygen plasma treatment introduced more oxygen species onto the chitin nanotube scaffold surface. 27031428 6 47 dep in 953:954 arg1 vitro 956:960 vitro 956:960 vitro 956:960 The biocompatible and electrically-conducting chitin nanotube composite scaffold prepared in this study can be used for in vitro tissue engineering of neurons and, potentially, as an implantable electrode for stimulation and repair of neurons. 27031428 0 48 theme neuron 69:74 arg1 growth 76:81 neuron growth 69:81 neuron growth 69:81 Chitin and carbon nanotube composites as biocompatible scaffolds for neuron growth. 27031428 3 49 theme electrical 464:473 arg1 conductivity 475:486 the electrical conductivity 460:486 the electrical conductivity 460:486 The addition of carbon nanotubes to a chitin biopolymer improved the electrical conductivity and the assisted oxygen plasma treatment introduced more oxygen species onto the chitin nanotube scaffold surface. 27031428 2 50 theme function 374:381 arg1 adhesion 334:341 very good neuron adhesion 317:341 very good neuron adhesion as well as support of synaptic function of neurons 317:392 Here, we have shown that plasma-treated chitin carbon nanotube composite scaffolds show very good neuron adhesion as well as support of synaptic function of neurons. 27031428 2 50 theme function 374:381 arg1 support 354:360 support 354:360 very good neuron adhesion as well as support of synaptic function of neurons 317:392 Here, we have shown that plasma-treated chitin carbon nanotube composite scaffolds show very good neuron adhesion as well as support of synaptic function of neurons. 27031428 5 51 theme PSD-95 816:821 arg1 staining 823:830 PSD-95 staining 816:830 PSD-95 staining 816:830 The support of synaptic function was evident on chitin/nanotube composites, as confirmed by PSD-95 staining. 27031428 4 52 theme plasma-treated 672:685 arg1 scaffolds 713:721 plasma-treated chitin nanotube composite scaffolds 672:721 plasma-treated chitin nanotube composite scaffolds 672:721 Neuron viability experiments showed excellent neuron attachment onto plasma-treated chitin nanotube composite scaffolds. 27031428 2 53 theme synaptic 365:372 arg1 function 374:381 synaptic function 365:381 synaptic function of neurons 365:392 Here, we have shown that plasma-treated chitin carbon nanotube composite scaffolds show very good neuron adhesion as well as support of synaptic function of neurons. 27031428 4 54 theme neuron 649:654 arg1 attachment 656:665 excellent neuron attachment 639:665 excellent neuron attachment onto plasma-treated chitin nanotube composite scaffolds 639:721 Neuron viability experiments showed excellent neuron attachment onto plasma-treated chitin nanotube composite scaffolds. 28550776 5 0 theme type 1093:1096 arg1 result 1079:1084 a result 1077:1084 a result of the type of harvest performed in 2011 1077:1125 Variations in raw material composition were indeed observed to significantly interfere in the final sugar recovery, probably due to the increase in the impurities observed as a result of the type of harvest performed in 2011. 28550776 4 1 theme glucan 849:854 arg1 conversion 856:865 glucan conversion 849:865 glucan conversion 849:865 As confirmed by ANOVA, glucose concentration was related to the solids content in the reactor, whereas glucan conversion was related to the enzymatic load. 28550776 2 2 theme edaphoclimatic 326:339 arg1 factors 341:347 edaphoclimatic factors 326:347 edaphoclimatic factors 326:347 As observed for sugarcane, bagasse variations may derive from several elements, for instance edaphoclimatic factors, seasonality, maturation stage and harvesting techniques. 28550776 0 3 theme ethanol 76:82 arg1 production 84:93 cellulosic ethanol production 65:93 cellulosic ethanol production 65:93 Influence of sugarcane bagasse variability on sugar recovery for cellulosic ethanol production. 28550776 3 4 theme material 472:479 arg1 characteristics 481:495 raw material characteristics 468:495 raw material characteristics 468:495 Therefore, in the present work, to investigate the impact of raw material characteristics on process performance, sugarcane bagasse from four harvests from October/2010 to October/2011 was pretreated by steam explosion and had its soluble and insoluble solids contents measured, following enzymatic hydrolysis to assess glucan conversion. 28550776 4 5 theme glucose 769:775 arg1 concentration 777:789 glucose concentration 769:789 glucose concentration 769:789 As confirmed by ANOVA, glucose concentration was related to the solids content in the reactor, whereas glucan conversion was related to the enzymatic load. 28550776 2 6 theme bagasse 260:266 arg1 variations 268:277 bagasse variations 260:277 bagasse variations 260:277 As observed for sugarcane, bagasse variations may derive from several elements, for instance edaphoclimatic factors, seasonality, maturation stage and harvesting techniques. 28550776 3 7 theme sugarcane 521:529 arg1 bagasse 531:537 sugarcane bagasse 521:537 sugarcane bagasse from four harvests from October/2010 to October/2011 521:590 Therefore, in the present work, to investigate the impact of raw material characteristics on process performance, sugarcane bagasse from four harvests from October/2010 to October/2011 was pretreated by steam explosion and had its soluble and insoluble solids contents measured, following enzymatic hydrolysis to assess glucan conversion. 28550776 3 8 theme raw 468:470 arg1 characteristics 481:495 raw material characteristics 468:495 raw material characteristics 468:495 Therefore, in the present work, to investigate the impact of raw material characteristics on process performance, sugarcane bagasse from four harvests from October/2010 to October/2011 was pretreated by steam explosion and had its soluble and insoluble solids contents measured, following enzymatic hydrolysis to assess glucan conversion. 28550776 1 9 theme production 133:142 arg1 context 103:109 the context 99:109 the context of cellulosic ethanol production 99:142 In the context of cellulosic ethanol production, special attention must be given to the raw material, as it affects final product yield. 28550776 3 10 theme process 500:506 arg1 performance 508:518 process performance 500:518 process performance 500:518 Therefore, in the present work, to investigate the impact of raw material characteristics on process performance, sugarcane bagasse from four harvests from October/2010 to October/2011 was pretreated by steam explosion and had its soluble and insoluble solids contents measured, following enzymatic hydrolysis to assess glucan conversion. 28550776 3 11 dep solids 660:665 arg1 contents 667:674 contents 667:674 its soluble and insoluble solids contents measured, following enzymatic hydrolysis to assess glucan conversion 634:743 Therefore, in the present work, to investigate the impact of raw material characteristics on process performance, sugarcane bagasse from four harvests from October/2010 to October/2011 was pretreated by steam explosion and had its soluble and insoluble solids contents measured, following enzymatic hydrolysis to assess glucan conversion. 28550776 3 12 theme enzymatic 696:704 arg1 hydrolysis 706:715 enzymatic hydrolysis 696:715 enzymatic hydrolysis to assess glucan conversion 696:743 Therefore, in the present work, to investigate the impact of raw material characteristics on process performance, sugarcane bagasse from four harvests from October/2010 to October/2011 was pretreated by steam explosion and had its soluble and insoluble solids contents measured, following enzymatic hydrolysis to assess glucan conversion. 28550776 5 13 from Variations 902:911 arg1 composition 929:939 raw material composition 916:939 raw material composition 916:939 Variations in raw material composition were indeed observed to significantly interfere in the final sugar recovery, probably due to the increase in the impurities observed as a result of the type of harvest performed in 2011. 28550776 2 14 theme maturation 363:372 arg1 stage 374:378 maturation stage 363:378 maturation stage 363:378 As observed for sugarcane, bagasse variations may derive from several elements, for instance edaphoclimatic factors, seasonality, maturation stage and harvesting techniques. 28550776 5 15 theme raw 916:918 arg1 composition 929:939 raw material composition 916:939 raw material composition 916:939 Variations in raw material composition were indeed observed to significantly interfere in the final sugar recovery, probably due to the increase in the impurities observed as a result of the type of harvest performed in 2011. 28550776 3 16 from impact 458:463 arg1 performance 508:518 process performance 500:518 process performance 500:518 Therefore, in the present work, to investigate the impact of raw material characteristics on process performance, sugarcane bagasse from four harvests from October/2010 to October/2011 was pretreated by steam explosion and had its soluble and insoluble solids contents measured, following enzymatic hydrolysis to assess glucan conversion. 28550776 5 17 theme material 920:927 arg1 composition 929:939 raw material composition 916:939 raw material composition 916:939 Variations in raw material composition were indeed observed to significantly interfere in the final sugar recovery, probably due to the increase in the impurities observed as a result of the type of harvest performed in 2011. 28550776 3 18 from October/2010 563:574 arg1 harvests 549:556 four harvests 544:556 four harvests from October/2010 544:574 Therefore, in the present work, to investigate the impact of raw material characteristics on process performance, sugarcane bagasse from four harvests from October/2010 to October/2011 was pretreated by steam explosion and had its soluble and insoluble solids contents measured, following enzymatic hydrolysis to assess glucan conversion. 28550776 1 19 theme raw 184:186 arg1 material 188:195 the raw material 180:195 the raw material 180:195 In the context of cellulosic ethanol production, special attention must be given to the raw material, as it affects final product yield. 28550776 0 20 theme sugarcane 13:21 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of sugarcane 0:21 Influence of sugarcane bagasse variability on sugar recovery for cellulosic ethanol production. 28550776 3 21 theme glucan 727:732 arg1 conversion 734:743 glucan conversion 727:743 glucan conversion 727:743 Therefore, in the present work, to investigate the impact of raw material characteristics on process performance, sugarcane bagasse from four harvests from October/2010 to October/2011 was pretreated by steam explosion and had its soluble and insoluble solids contents measured, following enzymatic hydrolysis to assess glucan conversion. 28550776 3 22 theme present 425:431 arg1 work 433:436 the present work 421:436 the present work 421:436 Therefore, in the present work, to investigate the impact of raw material characteristics on process performance, sugarcane bagasse from four harvests from October/2010 to October/2011 was pretreated by steam explosion and had its soluble and insoluble solids contents measured, following enzymatic hydrolysis to assess glucan conversion. 28550776 5 23 theme sugar 1002:1006 arg1 recovery 1008:1015 the final sugar recovery 992:1015 the final sugar recovery 992:1015 Variations in raw material composition were indeed observed to significantly interfere in the final sugar recovery, probably due to the increase in the impurities observed as a result of the type of harvest performed in 2011. 28550776 2 24 theme harvesting 384:393 arg1 techniques 395:404 harvesting techniques 384:404 harvesting techniques 384:404 As observed for sugarcane, bagasse variations may derive from several elements, for instance edaphoclimatic factors, seasonality, maturation stage and harvesting techniques. 28550776 4 25 from content 817:823 arg1 reactor 832:838 the reactor 828:838 the reactor 828:838 As confirmed by ANOVA, glucose concentration was related to the solids content in the reactor, whereas glucan conversion was related to the enzymatic load. 28550776 0 26 theme sugar 46:50 arg1 recovery 52:59 sugar recovery 46:59 sugar recovery for cellulosic ethanol production 46:93 Influence of sugarcane bagasse variability on sugar recovery for cellulosic ethanol production. 28550776 3 27 theme insoluble 650:658 arg1 solids 660:665 its soluble and insoluble solids 634:665 its soluble and insoluble solids contents measured, following enzymatic hydrolysis to assess glucan conversion 634:743 Therefore, in the present work, to investigate the impact of raw material characteristics on process performance, sugarcane bagasse from four harvests from October/2010 to October/2011 was pretreated by steam explosion and had its soluble and insoluble solids contents measured, following enzymatic hydrolysis to assess glucan conversion. 28550776 4 28 theme solids 810:815 arg1 content 817:823 the solids content 806:823 the solids content in the reactor 806:838 As confirmed by ANOVA, glucose concentration was related to the solids content in the reactor, whereas glucan conversion was related to the enzymatic load. 28550776 2 29 dep instance 317:324 arg1 factors 341:347 edaphoclimatic factors 326:347 edaphoclimatic factors 326:347 As observed for sugarcane, bagasse variations may derive from several elements, for instance edaphoclimatic factors, seasonality, maturation stage and harvesting techniques. 28550776 1 30 theme cellulosic 114:123 arg1 production 133:142 cellulosic ethanol production 114:142 cellulosic ethanol production 114:142 In the context of cellulosic ethanol production, special attention must be given to the raw material, as it affects final product yield. 28550776 4 31 theme enzymatic 886:894 arg1 load 896:899 the enzymatic load 882:899 the enzymatic load 882:899 As confirmed by ANOVA, glucose concentration was related to the solids content in the reactor, whereas glucan conversion was related to the enzymatic load. 28550776 1 32 theme ethanol 125:131 arg1 production 133:142 cellulosic ethanol production 114:142 cellulosic ethanol production 114:142 In the context of cellulosic ethanol production, special attention must be given to the raw material, as it affects final product yield. 28550776 3 33 theme soluble 638:644 arg1 solids 660:665 its soluble and insoluble solids 634:665 its soluble and insoluble solids contents measured, following enzymatic hydrolysis to assess glucan conversion 634:743 Therefore, in the present work, to investigate the impact of raw material characteristics on process performance, sugarcane bagasse from four harvests from October/2010 to October/2011 was pretreated by steam explosion and had its soluble and insoluble solids contents measured, following enzymatic hydrolysis to assess glucan conversion. 28550776 3 34 theme steam 610:614 arg1 explosion 616:624 steam explosion 610:624 steam explosion 610:624 Therefore, in the present work, to investigate the impact of raw material characteristics on process performance, sugarcane bagasse from four harvests from October/2010 to October/2011 was pretreated by steam explosion and had its soluble and insoluble solids contents measured, following enzymatic hydrolysis to assess glucan conversion. 28550776 2 35 theme several 295:301 arg1 elements 303:310 several elements 295:310 several elements 295:310 As observed for sugarcane, bagasse variations may derive from several elements, for instance edaphoclimatic factors, seasonality, maturation stage and harvesting techniques. 28550776 0 36 theme cellulosic 65:74 arg1 production 84:93 cellulosic ethanol production 65:93 cellulosic ethanol production 65:93 Influence of sugarcane bagasse variability on sugar recovery for cellulosic ethanol production. 28550776 5 37 theme harvest 1101:1107 arg1 type 1093:1096 the type 1089:1096 the type of harvest performed in 2011 1089:1125 Variations in raw material composition were indeed observed to significantly interfere in the final sugar recovery, probably due to the increase in the impurities observed as a result of the type of harvest performed in 2011. 28550776 3 38 theme characteristics 481:495 arg1 impact 458:463 the impact 454:463 the impact of raw material characteristics on process performance 454:518 Therefore, in the present work, to investigate the impact of raw material characteristics on process performance, sugarcane bagasse from four harvests from October/2010 to October/2011 was pretreated by steam explosion and had its soluble and insoluble solids contents measured, following enzymatic hydrolysis to assess glucan conversion. 28550776 3 39 from harvests 549:556 arg1 bagasse 531:537 sugarcane bagasse 521:537 sugarcane bagasse from four harvests from October/2010 to October/2011 521:590 Therefore, in the present work, to investigate the impact of raw material characteristics on process performance, sugarcane bagasse from four harvests from October/2010 to October/2011 was pretreated by steam explosion and had its soluble and insoluble solids contents measured, following enzymatic hydrolysis to assess glucan conversion. 28550776 1 40 theme final 212:216 arg1 yield 226:230 final product yield 212:230 final product yield 212:230 In the context of cellulosic ethanol production, special attention must be given to the raw material, as it affects final product yield. 28550776 5 41 from increase 1038:1045 arg1 impurities 1054:1063 the impurities 1050:1063 the impurities observed as a result of the type of harvest performed in 2011 1050:1125 Variations in raw material composition were indeed observed to significantly interfere in the final sugar recovery, probably due to the increase in the impurities observed as a result of the type of harvest performed in 2011. 28550776 5 42 theme final 996:1000 arg1 recovery 1008:1015 the final sugar recovery 992:1015 the final sugar recovery 992:1015 Variations in raw material composition were indeed observed to significantly interfere in the final sugar recovery, probably due to the increase in the impurities observed as a result of the type of harvest performed in 2011. 28550776 1 43 theme special 145:151 arg1 attention 153:161 special attention 145:161 special attention 145:161 In the context of cellulosic ethanol production, special attention must be given to the raw material, as it affects final product yield. 28550776 1 44 theme product 218:224 arg1 yield 226:230 final product yield 212:230 final product yield 212:230 In the context of cellulosic ethanol production, special attention must be given to the raw material, as it affects final product yield. 26977710 5 0 theme shell 1254:1258 arg1 half 1249:1252 the other half 1239:1252 the other half shell with a temperature-dependent release rate 1239:1300 The synergistic release properties are demonstrated by using dual-compartmental capsules, which contain one-half shell with a constant release rate and the other half shell with a temperature-dependent release rate. 26977710 3 1 dep volume 535:540 arg1 The 531:533 The 531:533 The 531:533 The volume and number of multiple compartments can be well-controlled by adjusting flow rates and device numbers for isolated and optimized encapsulation of different components, while the composition of different part of the heterogeneous shell can be individually tailored by changing the composition of droplet template for flexibly tuning the release behavior of each component. 26977710 3 2 theme shell 771:775 arg1 part 745:748 different part 735:748 different part of the heterogeneous shell 735:775 The volume and number of multiple compartments can be well-controlled by adjusting flow rates and device numbers for isolated and optimized encapsulation of different components, while the composition of different part of the heterogeneous shell can be individually tailored by changing the composition of droplet template for flexibly tuning the release behavior of each component. 26977710 5 3 theme one-half 1191:1198 arg1 shell 1200:1204 one-half shell 1191:1204 one-half shell 1191:1204 The synergistic release properties are demonstrated by using dual-compartmental capsules, which contain one-half shell with a constant release rate and the other half shell with a temperature-dependent release rate. 26977710 2 4 theme distinct 491:498 arg1 part 500:503 a distinct part 489:503 a distinct part of a heterogeneous shell 489:528 The multicompartmental capsules exhibit distinct compartments, each of which is covered by a distinct part of a heterogeneous shell. 26977710 1 5 theme novel 173:177 arg1 capsules 219:226 novel multiple-compartmental calcium alginate capsules 173:226 novel multiple-compartmental calcium alginate capsules from all-aqueous droplet templates 173:261 A facile and flexible approach is developed for controllable fabrication of novel multiple-compartmental calcium alginate capsules from all-aqueous droplet templates with combined coextrusion minifluidic devices for isolated coencapsulation and synergistic release of diverse incompatible components. 26977710 5 6 theme release 1103:1109 arg1 properties 1111:1120 The synergistic release properties 1087:1120 The synergistic release properties 1087:1120 The synergistic release properties are demonstrated by using dual-compartmental capsules, which contain one-half shell with a constant release rate and the other half shell with a temperature-dependent release rate. 26977710 7 7 theme multicompartmental 1495:1512 arg1 capsules 1514:1521 The multicompartmental capsules 1491:1521 The multicompartmental capsules 1491:1521 The multicompartmental capsules show high potential for applications such as drug codelivery, confined reactions, enzyme immobilizations, and cell cultures. 26977710 2 8 theme distinct 438:445 arg1 compartments 447:458 distinct compartments 438:458 distinct compartments 438:458 The multicompartmental capsules exhibit distinct compartments, each of which is covered by a distinct part of a heterogeneous shell. 26977710 5 9 with shell 1254:1258 arg1 rate 1297:1300 a temperature-dependent release rate 1265:1300 a temperature-dependent release rate 1265:1300 The synergistic release properties are demonstrated by using dual-compartmental capsules, which contain one-half shell with a constant release rate and the other half shell with a temperature-dependent release rate. 26977710 1 10 theme isolated 313:320 arg1 coencapsulation 322:336 isolated coencapsulation 313:336 isolated coencapsulation 313:336 A facile and flexible approach is developed for controllable fabrication of novel multiple-compartmental calcium alginate capsules from all-aqueous droplet templates with combined coextrusion minifluidic devices for isolated coencapsulation and synergistic release of diverse incompatible components. 26977710 4 11 theme triple-compartmental 1036:1055 arg1 capsules 1057:1064 more complex triple-compartmental capsules 1023:1064 more complex triple-compartmental capsules 1023:1064 Two combined devices are first used to fabricate dual-compartmental capsules and then scaled up to fabricate more complex triple-compartmental capsules for coencapsulation. 26977710 1 12 from templates 253:261 arg1 fabrication 158:168 controllable fabrication 145:168 controllable fabrication of novel multiple-compartmental calcium alginate capsules from all-aqueous droplet templates with combined coextrusion minifluidic devices 145:307 A facile and flexible approach is developed for controllable fabrication of novel multiple-compartmental calcium alginate capsules from all-aqueous droplet templates with combined coextrusion minifluidic devices for isolated coencapsulation and synergistic release of diverse incompatible components. 26977710 1 12 from templates 253:261 arg1 capsules 219:226 novel multiple-compartmental calcium alginate capsules 173:226 novel multiple-compartmental calcium alginate capsules from all-aqueous droplet templates 173:261 A facile and flexible approach is developed for controllable fabrication of novel multiple-compartmental calcium alginate capsules from all-aqueous droplet templates with combined coextrusion minifluidic devices for isolated coencapsulation and synergistic release of diverse incompatible components. 26977710 6 13 theme heterogeneous 1310:1322 arg1 shell 1324:1328 Such a heterogeneous shell 1303:1328 Such a heterogeneous shell 1303:1328 Such a heterogeneous shell provides more flexibilities for synergistic release with controllable release sequence and release rates to achieve advanced and optimized synergistic efficacy. 26977710 7 14 theme confined 1585:1592 arg1 reactions 1594:1602 confined reactions 1585:1602 confined reactions 1585:1602 The multicompartmental capsules show high potential for applications such as drug codelivery, confined reactions, enzyme immobilizations, and cell cultures. 26977710 6 15 theme release 1421:1427 arg1 rates 1429:1433 release rates 1421:1433 release rates 1421:1433 Such a heterogeneous shell provides more flexibilities for synergistic release with controllable release sequence and release rates to achieve advanced and optimized synergistic efficacy. 26977710 1 16 from fabrication 158:168 arg1 templates 253:261 all-aqueous droplet templates 233:261 all-aqueous droplet templates 233:261 A facile and flexible approach is developed for controllable fabrication of novel multiple-compartmental calcium alginate capsules from all-aqueous droplet templates with combined coextrusion minifluidic devices for isolated coencapsulation and synergistic release of diverse incompatible components. 26977710 5 17 theme synergistic 1091:1101 arg1 properties 1111:1120 The synergistic release properties 1087:1120 The synergistic release properties 1087:1120 The synergistic release properties are demonstrated by using dual-compartmental capsules, which contain one-half shell with a constant release rate and the other half shell with a temperature-dependent release rate. 26977710 1 18 theme multiple-compartmental 179:200 arg1 capsules 219:226 novel multiple-compartmental calcium alginate capsules 173:226 novel multiple-compartmental calcium alginate capsules from all-aqueous droplet templates 173:261 A facile and flexible approach is developed for controllable fabrication of novel multiple-compartmental calcium alginate capsules from all-aqueous droplet templates with combined coextrusion minifluidic devices for isolated coencapsulation and synergistic release of diverse incompatible components. 26977710 1 19 dep diverse 365:371 arg1 incompatible 373:384 incompatible 373:384 incompatible 373:384 A facile and flexible approach is developed for controllable fabrication of novel multiple-compartmental calcium alginate capsules from all-aqueous droplet templates with combined coextrusion minifluidic devices for isolated coencapsulation and synergistic release of diverse incompatible components. 26977710 2 20 theme heterogeneous 510:522 arg1 shell 524:528 a heterogeneous shell 508:528 a heterogeneous shell 508:528 The multicompartmental capsules exhibit distinct compartments, each of which is covered by a distinct part of a heterogeneous shell. 26977710 7 21 theme cell 1633:1636 arg1 cultures 1638:1645 cell cultures 1633:1645 cell cultures 1633:1645 The multicompartmental capsules show high potential for applications such as drug codelivery, confined reactions, enzyme immobilizations, and cell cultures. 26977710 1 22 theme calcium 202:208 arg1 capsules 219:226 novel multiple-compartmental calcium alginate capsules 173:226 novel multiple-compartmental calcium alginate capsules from all-aqueous droplet templates 173:261 A facile and flexible approach is developed for controllable fabrication of novel multiple-compartmental calcium alginate capsules from all-aqueous droplet templates with combined coextrusion minifluidic devices for isolated coencapsulation and synergistic release of diverse incompatible components. 26977710 0 23 theme Multicompartmental 13:30 arg1 Capsules 32:39 Controllable Multicompartmental Capsules 0:39 Controllable Multicompartmental Capsules with Distinct Cores and Shells for Synergistic Release 0:94 Controllable Multicompartmental Capsules with Distinct Cores and Shells for Synergistic Release. 26977710 5 24 theme other 1243:1247 arg1 half 1249:1252 the other half 1239:1252 the other half shell with a temperature-dependent release rate 1239:1300 The synergistic release properties are demonstrated by using dual-compartmental capsules, which contain one-half shell with a constant release rate and the other half shell with a temperature-dependent release rate. 26977710 1 25 with fabrication 158:168 arg1 devices 301:307 combined coextrusion minifluidic devices 268:307 combined coextrusion minifluidic devices 268:307 A facile and flexible approach is developed for controllable fabrication of novel multiple-compartmental calcium alginate capsules from all-aqueous droplet templates with combined coextrusion minifluidic devices for isolated coencapsulation and synergistic release of diverse incompatible components. 26977710 7 26 theme enzyme 1605:1610 arg1 immobilizations 1612:1626 enzyme immobilizations 1605:1626 enzyme immobilizations 1605:1626 The multicompartmental capsules show high potential for applications such as drug codelivery, confined reactions, enzyme immobilizations, and cell cultures. 26977710 1 27 theme alginate 210:217 arg1 capsules 219:226 novel multiple-compartmental calcium alginate capsules 173:226 novel multiple-compartmental calcium alginate capsules from all-aqueous droplet templates 173:261 A facile and flexible approach is developed for controllable fabrication of novel multiple-compartmental calcium alginate capsules from all-aqueous droplet templates with combined coextrusion minifluidic devices for isolated coencapsulation and synergistic release of diverse incompatible components. 26977710 0 28 theme Controllable 0:11 arg1 Capsules 32:39 Controllable Multicompartmental Capsules 0:39 Controllable Multicompartmental Capsules with Distinct Cores and Shells for Synergistic Release 0:94 Controllable Multicompartmental Capsules with Distinct Cores and Shells for Synergistic Release. 26977710 3 29 theme droplet 837:843 arg1 template 845:852 droplet template 837:852 droplet template 837:852 The volume and number of multiple compartments can be well-controlled by adjusting flow rates and device numbers for isolated and optimized encapsulation of different components, while the composition of different part of the heterogeneous shell can be individually tailored by changing the composition of droplet template for flexibly tuning the release behavior of each component. 26977710 6 30 theme release 1400:1406 arg1 sequence 1408:1415 controllable release sequence 1387:1415 controllable release sequence 1387:1415 Such a heterogeneous shell provides more flexibilities for synergistic release with controllable release sequence and release rates to achieve advanced and optimized synergistic efficacy. 26977710 1 31 theme facile 99:104 arg1 approach 119:126 A facile and flexible approach 97:126 A facile and flexible approach 97:126 A facile and flexible approach is developed for controllable fabrication of novel multiple-compartmental calcium alginate capsules from all-aqueous droplet templates with combined coextrusion minifluidic devices for isolated coencapsulation and synergistic release of diverse incompatible components. 26977710 1 32 theme capsules 219:226 arg1 fabrication 158:168 controllable fabrication 145:168 controllable fabrication of novel multiple-compartmental calcium alginate capsules from all-aqueous droplet templates with combined coextrusion minifluidic devices 145:307 A facile and flexible approach is developed for controllable fabrication of novel multiple-compartmental calcium alginate capsules from all-aqueous droplet templates with combined coextrusion minifluidic devices for isolated coencapsulation and synergistic release of diverse incompatible components. 26977710 1 33 theme synergistic 342:352 arg1 release 354:360 synergistic release 342:360 synergistic release 342:360 A facile and flexible approach is developed for controllable fabrication of novel multiple-compartmental calcium alginate capsules from all-aqueous droplet templates with combined coextrusion minifluidic devices for isolated coencapsulation and synergistic release of diverse incompatible components. 26977710 5 34 theme release 1222:1228 arg1 rate 1230:1233 a constant release rate 1211:1233 a constant release rate 1211:1233 The synergistic release properties are demonstrated by using dual-compartmental capsules, which contain one-half shell with a constant release rate and the other half shell with a temperature-dependent release rate. 26977710 6 35 theme synergistic 1362:1372 arg1 release 1374:1380 synergistic release 1362:1380 synergistic release with controllable release sequence and release rates 1362:1433 Such a heterogeneous shell provides more flexibilities for synergistic release with controllable release sequence and release rates to achieve advanced and optimized synergistic efficacy. 26977710 3 36 theme device 629:634 arg1 numbers 636:642 device numbers 629:642 device numbers 629:642 The volume and number of multiple compartments can be well-controlled by adjusting flow rates and device numbers for isolated and optimized encapsulation of different components, while the composition of different part of the heterogeneous shell can be individually tailored by changing the composition of droplet template for flexibly tuning the release behavior of each component. 26977710 7 37 theme drug 1568:1571 arg1 codelivery 1573:1582 drug codelivery 1568:1582 drug codelivery 1568:1582 The multicompartmental capsules show high potential for applications such as drug codelivery, confined reactions, enzyme immobilizations, and cell cultures. 26977710 3 38 theme isolated 648:655 arg1 encapsulation 671:683 isolated and optimized encapsulation 648:683 isolated and optimized encapsulation of different components 648:707 The volume and number of multiple compartments can be well-controlled by adjusting flow rates and device numbers for isolated and optimized encapsulation of different components, while the composition of different part of the heterogeneous shell can be individually tailored by changing the composition of droplet template for flexibly tuning the release behavior of each component. 26977710 1 39 theme flexible 110:117 arg1 approach 119:126 A facile and flexible approach 97:126 A facile and flexible approach 97:126 A facile and flexible approach is developed for controllable fabrication of novel multiple-compartmental calcium alginate capsules from all-aqueous droplet templates with combined coextrusion minifluidic devices for isolated coencapsulation and synergistic release of diverse incompatible components. 26977710 6 40 theme more 1339:1342 arg1 flexibilities 1344:1356 more flexibilities 1339:1356 more flexibilities for synergistic release with controllable release sequence and release rates 1339:1433 Such a heterogeneous shell provides more flexibilities for synergistic release with controllable release sequence and release rates to achieve advanced and optimized synergistic efficacy. 26977710 1 41 theme all-aqueous 233:243 arg1 templates 253:261 all-aqueous droplet templates 233:261 all-aqueous droplet templates 233:261 A facile and flexible approach is developed for controllable fabrication of novel multiple-compartmental calcium alginate capsules from all-aqueous droplet templates with combined coextrusion minifluidic devices for isolated coencapsulation and synergistic release of diverse incompatible components. 26977710 4 42 theme complex 1028:1034 arg1 capsules 1057:1064 more complex triple-compartmental capsules 1023:1064 more complex triple-compartmental capsules 1023:1064 Two combined devices are first used to fabricate dual-compartmental capsules and then scaled up to fabricate more complex triple-compartmental capsules for coencapsulation. 26977710 3 43 theme different 735:743 arg1 part 745:748 different part 735:748 different part of the heterogeneous shell 735:775 The volume and number of multiple compartments can be well-controlled by adjusting flow rates and device numbers for isolated and optimized encapsulation of different components, while the composition of different part of the heterogeneous shell can be individually tailored by changing the composition of droplet template for flexibly tuning the release behavior of each component. 26977710 6 44 theme controllable 1387:1398 arg1 sequence 1408:1415 controllable release sequence 1387:1415 controllable release sequence 1387:1415 Such a heterogeneous shell provides more flexibilities for synergistic release with controllable release sequence and release rates to achieve advanced and optimized synergistic efficacy. 26977710 1 45 theme droplet 245:251 arg1 templates 253:261 all-aqueous droplet templates 233:261 all-aqueous droplet templates 233:261 A facile and flexible approach is developed for controllable fabrication of novel multiple-compartmental calcium alginate capsules from all-aqueous droplet templates with combined coextrusion minifluidic devices for isolated coencapsulation and synergistic release of diverse incompatible components. 26977710 0 46 theme Distinct 46:53 arg1 Cores 55:59 Distinct Cores 46:59 Distinct Cores 46:59 Controllable Multicompartmental Capsules with Distinct Cores and Shells for Synergistic Release. 26977710 1 47 theme diverse 365:371 arg1 components 386:395 diverse incompatible components 365:395 diverse incompatible components 365:395 A facile and flexible approach is developed for controllable fabrication of novel multiple-compartmental calcium alginate capsules from all-aqueous droplet templates with combined coextrusion minifluidic devices for isolated coencapsulation and synergistic release of diverse incompatible components. 26977710 5 48 theme constant 1213:1220 arg1 rate 1230:1233 a constant release rate 1211:1233 a constant release rate 1211:1233 The synergistic release properties are demonstrated by using dual-compartmental capsules, which contain one-half shell with a constant release rate and the other half shell with a temperature-dependent release rate. 26977710 3 49 theme release 878:884 arg1 behavior 886:893 the release behavior 874:893 the release behavior of each component 874:911 The volume and number of multiple compartments can be well-controlled by adjusting flow rates and device numbers for isolated and optimized encapsulation of different components, while the composition of different part of the heterogeneous shell can be individually tailored by changing the composition of droplet template for flexibly tuning the release behavior of each component. 26977710 5 50 contain contain 1183:1189 arg2 shell 1200:1204 one-half shell 1191:1204 one-half shell 1191:1204 The synergistic release properties are demonstrated by using dual-compartmental capsules, which contain one-half shell with a constant release rate and the other half shell with a temperature-dependent release rate. 26977710 5 50 contain contain 1183:1189 arg1 capsules 1167:1174 dual-compartmental capsules 1148:1174 dual-compartmental capsules 1148:1174 The synergistic release properties are demonstrated by using dual-compartmental capsules, which contain one-half shell with a constant release rate and the other half shell with a temperature-dependent release rate. 26977710 4 51 used used 945:948 arg2 devices 927:933 Two combined devices 914:933 Two combined devices 914:933 Two combined devices are first used to fabricate dual-compartmental capsules and then scaled up to fabricate more complex triple-compartmental capsules for coencapsulation. 26977710 3 52 theme template 845:852 arg1 composition 822:832 the composition 818:832 the composition of droplet template for flexibly tuning the release behavior of each component 818:911 The volume and number of multiple compartments can be well-controlled by adjusting flow rates and device numbers for isolated and optimized encapsulation of different components, while the composition of different part of the heterogeneous shell can be individually tailored by changing the composition of droplet template for flexibly tuning the release behavior of each component. 26977710 4 53 theme combined 918:925 arg1 devices 927:933 Two combined devices 914:933 Two combined devices 914:933 Two combined devices are first used to fabricate dual-compartmental capsules and then scaled up to fabricate more complex triple-compartmental capsules for coencapsulation. 26977710 0 54 with Capsules 32:39 arg1 Cores 55:59 Distinct Cores 46:59 Distinct Cores 46:59 Controllable Multicompartmental Capsules with Distinct Cores and Shells for Synergistic Release. 26977710 0 54 with Capsules 32:39 arg1 Shells 65:70 Shells 65:70 Shells 65:70 Controllable Multicompartmental Capsules with Distinct Cores and Shells for Synergistic Release. 26977710 3 55 theme multiple 556:563 arg1 compartments 565:576 multiple compartments 556:576 multiple compartments 556:576 The volume and number of multiple compartments can be well-controlled by adjusting flow rates and device numbers for isolated and optimized encapsulation of different components, while the composition of different part of the heterogeneous shell can be individually tailored by changing the composition of droplet template for flexibly tuning the release behavior of each component. 26977710 1 56 theme components 386:395 arg1 release 354:360 synergistic release 342:360 synergistic release 342:360 A facile and flexible approach is developed for controllable fabrication of novel multiple-compartmental calcium alginate capsules from all-aqueous droplet templates with combined coextrusion minifluidic devices for isolated coencapsulation and synergistic release of diverse incompatible components. 26977710 1 56 theme components 386:395 arg1 coencapsulation 322:336 isolated coencapsulation 313:336 isolated coencapsulation 313:336 A facile and flexible approach is developed for controllable fabrication of novel multiple-compartmental calcium alginate capsules from all-aqueous droplet templates with combined coextrusion minifluidic devices for isolated coencapsulation and synergistic release of diverse incompatible components. 26977710 6 57 theme synergistic 1469:1479 arg1 efficacy 1481:1488 optimized synergistic efficacy 1459:1488 optimized synergistic efficacy 1459:1488 Such a heterogeneous shell provides more flexibilities for synergistic release with controllable release sequence and release rates to achieve advanced and optimized synergistic efficacy. 26977710 3 58 theme optimized 661:669 arg1 encapsulation 671:683 isolated and optimized encapsulation 648:683 isolated and optimized encapsulation of different components 648:707 The volume and number of multiple compartments can be well-controlled by adjusting flow rates and device numbers for isolated and optimized encapsulation of different components, while the composition of different part of the heterogeneous shell can be individually tailored by changing the composition of droplet template for flexibly tuning the release behavior of each component. 26977710 5 59 theme temperature-dependent 1267:1287 arg1 rate 1297:1300 a temperature-dependent release rate 1265:1300 a temperature-dependent release rate 1265:1300 The synergistic release properties are demonstrated by using dual-compartmental capsules, which contain one-half shell with a constant release rate and the other half shell with a temperature-dependent release rate. 26977710 3 60 theme compartments 565:576 arg1 number 546:551 number 546:551 number 546:551 The volume and number of multiple compartments can be well-controlled by adjusting flow rates and device numbers for isolated and optimized encapsulation of different components, while the composition of different part of the heterogeneous shell can be individually tailored by changing the composition of droplet template for flexibly tuning the release behavior of each component. 26977710 3 60 theme compartments 565:576 arg1 volume 535:540 volume 535:540 volume 535:540 The volume and number of multiple compartments can be well-controlled by adjusting flow rates and device numbers for isolated and optimized encapsulation of different components, while the composition of different part of the heterogeneous shell can be individually tailored by changing the composition of droplet template for flexibly tuning the release behavior of each component. 26977710 7 61 theme high 1528:1531 arg1 potential 1533:1541 high potential 1528:1541 high potential for applications such as drug codelivery, confined reactions, enzyme immobilizations, and cell cultures 1528:1645 The multicompartmental capsules show high potential for applications such as drug codelivery, confined reactions, enzyme immobilizations, and cell cultures. 26977710 6 62 theme optimized 1459:1467 arg1 efficacy 1481:1488 optimized synergistic efficacy 1459:1488 optimized synergistic efficacy 1459:1488 Such a heterogeneous shell provides more flexibilities for synergistic release with controllable release sequence and release rates to achieve advanced and optimized synergistic efficacy. 26977710 3 63 theme heterogeneous 757:769 arg1 shell 771:775 the heterogeneous shell 753:775 the heterogeneous shell 753:775 The volume and number of multiple compartments can be well-controlled by adjusting flow rates and device numbers for isolated and optimized encapsulation of different components, while the composition of different part of the heterogeneous shell can be individually tailored by changing the composition of droplet template for flexibly tuning the release behavior of each component. 26977710 5 64 theme dual-compartmental 1148:1165 arg1 capsules 1167:1174 dual-compartmental capsules 1148:1174 dual-compartmental capsules 1148:1174 The synergistic release properties are demonstrated by using dual-compartmental capsules, which contain one-half shell with a constant release rate and the other half shell with a temperature-dependent release rate. 26977710 2 65 theme multicompartmental 402:419 arg1 capsules 421:428 The multicompartmental capsules 398:428 The multicompartmental capsules 398:428 The multicompartmental capsules exhibit distinct compartments, each of which is covered by a distinct part of a heterogeneous shell. 26977710 6 66 with release 1374:1380 arg1 sequence 1408:1415 controllable release sequence 1387:1415 controllable release sequence 1387:1415 Such a heterogeneous shell provides more flexibilities for synergistic release with controllable release sequence and release rates to achieve advanced and optimized synergistic efficacy. 26977710 6 66 with release 1374:1380 arg1 rates 1429:1433 release rates 1421:1433 release rates 1421:1433 Such a heterogeneous shell provides more flexibilities for synergistic release with controllable release sequence and release rates to achieve advanced and optimized synergistic efficacy. 26977710 3 67 theme flow 614:617 arg1 rates 619:623 flow rates 614:623 flow rates 614:623 The volume and number of multiple compartments can be well-controlled by adjusting flow rates and device numbers for isolated and optimized encapsulation of different components, while the composition of different part of the heterogeneous shell can be individually tailored by changing the composition of droplet template for flexibly tuning the release behavior of each component. 26977710 3 68 theme part 745:748 arg1 composition 720:730 the composition 716:730 the composition of different part of the heterogeneous shell 716:775 The volume and number of multiple compartments can be well-controlled by adjusting flow rates and device numbers for isolated and optimized encapsulation of different components, while the composition of different part of the heterogeneous shell can be individually tailored by changing the composition of droplet template for flexibly tuning the release behavior of each component. 26977710 4 69 theme dual-compartmental 963:980 arg1 capsules 982:989 dual-compartmental capsules 963:989 dual-compartmental capsules 963:989 Two combined devices are first used to fabricate dual-compartmental capsules and then scaled up to fabricate more complex triple-compartmental capsules for coencapsulation. 26977710 1 70 theme combined 268:275 arg1 devices 301:307 combined coextrusion minifluidic devices 268:307 combined coextrusion minifluidic devices 268:307 A facile and flexible approach is developed for controllable fabrication of novel multiple-compartmental calcium alginate capsules from all-aqueous droplet templates with combined coextrusion minifluidic devices for isolated coencapsulation and synergistic release of diverse incompatible components. 26977710 0 71 theme Synergistic 76:86 arg1 Release 88:94 Synergistic Release 76:94 Synergistic Release 76:94 Controllable Multicompartmental Capsules with Distinct Cores and Shells for Synergistic Release. 26977710 3 72 theme different 688:696 arg1 components 698:707 different components 688:707 different components 688:707 The volume and number of multiple compartments can be well-controlled by adjusting flow rates and device numbers for isolated and optimized encapsulation of different components, while the composition of different part of the heterogeneous shell can be individually tailored by changing the composition of droplet template for flexibly tuning the release behavior of each component. 26977710 1 73 theme controllable 145:156 arg1 fabrication 158:168 controllable fabrication 145:168 controllable fabrication of novel multiple-compartmental calcium alginate capsules from all-aqueous droplet templates with combined coextrusion minifluidic devices 145:307 A facile and flexible approach is developed for controllable fabrication of novel multiple-compartmental calcium alginate capsules from all-aqueous droplet templates with combined coextrusion minifluidic devices for isolated coencapsulation and synergistic release of diverse incompatible components. 26977710 1 74 theme coextrusion 277:287 arg1 devices 301:307 combined coextrusion minifluidic devices 268:307 combined coextrusion minifluidic devices 268:307 A facile and flexible approach is developed for controllable fabrication of novel multiple-compartmental calcium alginate capsules from all-aqueous droplet templates with combined coextrusion minifluidic devices for isolated coencapsulation and synergistic release of diverse incompatible components. 26977710 3 75 theme component 903:911 arg1 behavior 886:893 the release behavior 874:893 the release behavior of each component 874:911 The volume and number of multiple compartments can be well-controlled by adjusting flow rates and device numbers for isolated and optimized encapsulation of different components, while the composition of different part of the heterogeneous shell can be individually tailored by changing the composition of droplet template for flexibly tuning the release behavior of each component. 26977710 5 76 theme release 1289:1295 arg1 rate 1297:1300 a temperature-dependent release rate 1265:1300 a temperature-dependent release rate 1265:1300 The synergistic release properties are demonstrated by using dual-compartmental capsules, which contain one-half shell with a constant release rate and the other half shell with a temperature-dependent release rate. 26977710 3 77 theme components 698:707 arg1 encapsulation 671:683 isolated and optimized encapsulation 648:683 isolated and optimized encapsulation of different components 648:707 The volume and number of multiple compartments can be well-controlled by adjusting flow rates and device numbers for isolated and optimized encapsulation of different components, while the composition of different part of the heterogeneous shell can be individually tailored by changing the composition of droplet template for flexibly tuning the release behavior of each component. 26977710 2 78 theme shell 524:528 arg1 part 500:503 a distinct part 489:503 a distinct part of a heterogeneous shell 489:528 The multicompartmental capsules exhibit distinct compartments, each of which is covered by a distinct part of a heterogeneous shell. 26977710 1 79 theme minifluidic 289:299 arg1 devices 301:307 combined coextrusion minifluidic devices 268:307 combined coextrusion minifluidic devices 268:307 A facile and flexible approach is developed for controllable fabrication of novel multiple-compartmental calcium alginate capsules from all-aqueous droplet templates with combined coextrusion minifluidic devices for isolated coencapsulation and synergistic release of diverse incompatible components. 26037948 3 0 theme source 332:337 arg1 development 296:306 development 296:306 development of a non-animal-derived source of this critical drug 296:359 A recent contamination crisis motivated development of a non-animal-derived source of this critical drug. 26037948 4 1 theme current 501:507 arg1 heparin 524:530 current pharmaceutical heparin 501:530 current pharmaceutical heparin 501:530 We hypothesized that Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells could be metabolically engineered to produce a bioengineered heparin, equivalent to current pharmaceutical heparin. 26037948 5 2 theme CHO-S 558:562 arg1 cells 564:568 CHO-S cells 558:568 CHO-S cells 558:568 We previously engineered CHO-S cells to overexpress two exogenous enzymes from the heparin/heparan sulfate biosynthetic pathway, increasing the anticoagulant activity ∼100-fold and the heparin/heparan sulfate yield ∼10-fold. 26037948 9 3 theme metabolic 1377:1385 arg1 engineering 1387:1397 additional metabolic engineering 1366:1397 additional metabolic engineering 1366:1397 Unfortunately, the product composition still differs from pharmaceutical heparin, suggesting that additional metabolic engineering will be required. 26037948 9 4 theme product 1287:1293 arg1 composition 1295:1305 the product composition 1283:1305 the product composition 1283:1305 Unfortunately, the product composition still differs from pharmaceutical heparin, suggesting that additional metabolic engineering will be required. 26037948 4 5 theme CHO 406:408 arg1 cells 411:415 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 383:415 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 383:415 We hypothesized that Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells could be metabolically engineered to produce a bioengineered heparin, equivalent to current pharmaceutical heparin. 26037948 6 6 from effects 780:786 arg1 yield 820:824 yield 820:824 yield 820:824 Here, we explored the effects of bioprocess parameters on the yield and anticoagulant activity of the bioengineered GAGs. 26037948 6 6 from effects 780:786 arg1 activity 844:851 anticoagulant activity 830:851 anticoagulant activity 830:851 Here, we explored the effects of bioprocess parameters on the yield and anticoagulant activity of the bioengineered GAGs. 26037948 7 7 theme chemically-defined 932:949 arg1 proprietary 919:929 a proprietary 917:929 a proprietary 917:929 Fed-batch shaker-flask studies using a proprietary, chemically-defined feed, resulted in ∼two-fold increase in integrated viable cell density and a 70% increase in specific productivity, resulting in nearly three-fold increase in product titer. 26037948 7 7 theme chemically-defined 932:949 arg1 feed 951:954 chemically-defined feed 932:954 chemically-defined feed 932:954 Fed-batch shaker-flask studies using a proprietary, chemically-defined feed, resulted in ∼two-fold increase in integrated viable cell density and a 70% increase in specific productivity, resulting in nearly three-fold increase in product titer. 26037948 7 8 theme product 1110:1116 arg1 titer 1118:1122 product titer 1110:1122 product titer 1110:1122 Fed-batch shaker-flask studies using a proprietary, chemically-defined feed, resulted in ∼two-fold increase in integrated viable cell density and a 70% increase in specific productivity, resulting in nearly three-fold increase in product titer. 26037948 7 9 theme % 1030:1030 arg1 increase 1032:1039 a 70% increase 1026:1039 a 70% increase in specific productivity 1026:1064 Fed-batch shaker-flask studies using a proprietary, chemically-defined feed, resulted in ∼two-fold increase in integrated viable cell density and a 70% increase in specific productivity, resulting in nearly three-fold increase in product titer. 26037948 5 10 theme sulfate 632:638 arg1 pathway 653:659 the heparin/heparan sulfate biosynthetic pathway 612:659 the heparin/heparan sulfate biosynthetic pathway 612:659 We previously engineered CHO-S cells to overexpress two exogenous enzymes from the heparin/heparan sulfate biosynthetic pathway, increasing the anticoagulant activity ∼100-fold and the heparin/heparan sulfate yield ∼10-fold. 26037948 0 11 theme heparin 95:101 arg1 production 47:56 production 47:56 production of a CHO cell-derived, bioengineered heparin 47:101 Optimization of bioprocess conditions improves production of a CHO cell-derived, bioengineered heparin. 26037948 5 12 theme biosynthetic 640:651 arg1 pathway 653:659 the heparin/heparan sulfate biosynthetic pathway 612:659 the heparin/heparan sulfate biosynthetic pathway 612:659 We previously engineered CHO-S cells to overexpress two exogenous enzymes from the heparin/heparan sulfate biosynthetic pathway, increasing the anticoagulant activity ∼100-fold and the heparin/heparan sulfate yield ∼10-fold. 26037948 7 13 theme 70 1028:1029 arg1 % 1030:1030 % 1030:1030 % 1030:1030 Fed-batch shaker-flask studies using a proprietary, chemically-defined feed, resulted in ∼two-fold increase in integrated viable cell density and a 70% increase in specific productivity, resulting in nearly three-fold increase in product titer. 26037948 1 14 theme used 131:134 arg1 drug 150:153 the most widely used anticoagulant drug 115:153 the most widely used anticoagulant drug in the world today 115:172 Heparin is the most widely used anticoagulant drug in the world today. 26037948 1 14 theme used 131:134 arg1 Heparin 104:110 Heparin 104:110 Heparin 104:110 Heparin is the most widely used anticoagulant drug in the world today. 26037948 3 15 theme drug 356:359 arg1 source 332:337 a non-animal-derived source 311:337 a non-animal-derived source of this critical drug 311:359 A recent contamination crisis motivated development of a non-animal-derived source of this critical drug. 26037948 10 16 theme bioengineered 1582:1594 arg1 heparin 1596:1602 a bioengineered heparin 1580:1602 a bioengineered heparin to replace the current animal-derived drug 1580:1645 However, these studies clearly demonstrate bioprocess optimization, in parallel with metabolic engineering refinements, will play a substantial role in developing a bioengineered heparin to replace the current animal-derived drug. 26037948 1 17 from drug 150:153 arg1 today 168:172 the world today 158:172 the world today 158:172 Heparin is the most widely used anticoagulant drug in the world today. 26037948 6 18 dep yield 820:824 arg1 the 816:818 the 816:818 the 816:818 Here, we explored the effects of bioprocess parameters on the yield and anticoagulant activity of the bioengineered GAGs. 26037948 1 19 theme world 162:166 arg1 today 168:172 the world today 158:172 the world today 158:172 Heparin is the most widely used anticoagulant drug in the world today. 26037948 4 20 theme Chinese 383:389 arg1 cells 411:415 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 383:415 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 383:415 We hypothesized that Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells could be metabolically engineered to produce a bioengineered heparin, equivalent to current pharmaceutical heparin. 26037948 8 21 theme μg/mL 1261:1265 arg1 concentration 1240:1252 a final product concentration 1224:1252 a final product concentration of ∼90 μg/mL 1224:1265 Transferring the process to a stirred-tank bioreactor increased the productivity further, yielding a final product concentration of ∼90 μg/mL. 26037948 4 22 theme equivalent 487:496 arg1 heparin 478:484 a bioengineered heparin 462:484 a bioengineered heparin 462:484 We hypothesized that Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells could be metabolically engineered to produce a bioengineered heparin, equivalent to current pharmaceutical heparin. 26037948 6 23 theme anticoagulant 830:842 arg1 activity 844:851 anticoagulant activity 830:851 anticoagulant activity 830:851 Here, we explored the effects of bioprocess parameters on the yield and anticoagulant activity of the bioengineered GAGs. 26037948 5 24 theme sulfate 734:740 arg1 ∼10-fold 748:755 the heparin/heparan sulfate yield ∼10-fold 714:755 the heparin/heparan sulfate yield ∼10-fold 714:755 We previously engineered CHO-S cells to overexpress two exogenous enzymes from the heparin/heparan sulfate biosynthetic pathway, increasing the anticoagulant activity ∼100-fold and the heparin/heparan sulfate yield ∼10-fold. 26037948 7 25 theme cell 1009:1012 arg1 density 1014:1020 integrated viable cell density 991:1020 integrated viable cell density 991:1020 Fed-batch shaker-flask studies using a proprietary, chemically-defined feed, resulted in ∼two-fold increase in integrated viable cell density and a 70% increase in specific productivity, resulting in nearly three-fold increase in product titer. 26037948 8 26 theme stirred-tank 1155:1166 arg1 bioreactor 1168:1177 a stirred-tank bioreactor 1153:1177 a stirred-tank bioreactor 1153:1177 Transferring the process to a stirred-tank bioreactor increased the productivity further, yielding a final product concentration of ∼90 μg/mL. 26037948 6 27 theme bioengineered 860:872 arg1 GAGs 874:877 the bioengineered GAGs 856:877 the bioengineered GAGs 856:877 Here, we explored the effects of bioprocess parameters on the yield and anticoagulant activity of the bioengineered GAGs. 26037948 5 28 theme anticoagulant 677:689 arg1 activity 691:698 the anticoagulant activity 673:698 the anticoagulant activity ∼100-fold 673:708 We previously engineered CHO-S cells to overexpress two exogenous enzymes from the heparin/heparan sulfate biosynthetic pathway, increasing the anticoagulant activity ∼100-fold and the heparin/heparan sulfate yield ∼10-fold. 26037948 4 29 theme ovary 399:403 arg1 cells 411:415 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 383:415 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 383:415 We hypothesized that Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells could be metabolically engineered to produce a bioengineered heparin, equivalent to current pharmaceutical heparin. 26037948 7 30 theme shaker-flask 890:901 arg1 studies 903:909 Fed-batch shaker-flask studies 880:909 Fed-batch shaker-flask studies using a proprietary, chemically-defined feed, 880:955 Fed-batch shaker-flask studies using a proprietary, chemically-defined feed, resulted in ∼two-fold increase in integrated viable cell density and a 70% increase in specific productivity, resulting in nearly three-fold increase in product titer. 26037948 10 31 theme substantial 1549:1559 arg1 role 1561:1564 a substantial role 1547:1564 a substantial role 1547:1564 However, these studies clearly demonstrate bioprocess optimization, in parallel with metabolic engineering refinements, will play a substantial role in developing a bioengineered heparin to replace the current animal-derived drug. 26037948 0 32 theme conditions 27:36 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of bioprocess conditions 0:36 Optimization of bioprocess conditions improves production of a CHO cell-derived, bioengineered heparin. 26037948 7 33 theme integrated 991:1000 arg1 density 1014:1020 integrated viable cell density 991:1020 integrated viable cell density 991:1020 Fed-batch shaker-flask studies using a proprietary, chemically-defined feed, resulted in ∼two-fold increase in integrated viable cell density and a 70% increase in specific productivity, resulting in nearly three-fold increase in product titer. 26037948 4 34 theme hamster 391:397 arg1 cells 411:415 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 383:415 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 383:415 We hypothesized that Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells could be metabolically engineered to produce a bioengineered heparin, equivalent to current pharmaceutical heparin. 26037948 0 35 dep cell-derived 67:78 arg1 bioengineered 81:93 bioengineered 81:93 bioengineered 81:93 Optimization of bioprocess conditions improves production of a CHO cell-derived, bioengineered heparin. 26037948 5 36 theme heparin/heparan 616:630 arg1 sulfate 632:638 heparin/heparan sulfate 616:638 the heparin/heparan sulfate biosynthetic pathway 612:659 We previously engineered CHO-S cells to overexpress two exogenous enzymes from the heparin/heparan sulfate biosynthetic pathway, increasing the anticoagulant activity ∼100-fold and the heparin/heparan sulfate yield ∼10-fold. 26037948 10 37 theme engineering 1512:1522 arg1 refinements 1524:1534 metabolic engineering refinements 1502:1534 metabolic engineering refinements 1502:1534 However, these studies clearly demonstrate bioprocess optimization, in parallel with metabolic engineering refinements, will play a substantial role in developing a bioengineered heparin to replace the current animal-derived drug. 26037948 0 38 theme bioprocess 16:25 arg1 conditions 27:36 bioprocess conditions 16:36 bioprocess conditions 16:36 Optimization of bioprocess conditions improves production of a CHO cell-derived, bioengineered heparin. 26037948 6 39 theme parameters 802:811 arg1 effects 780:786 the effects 776:786 the effects of bioprocess parameters on the yield and anticoagulant activity of the bioengineered GAGs 776:877 Here, we explored the effects of bioprocess parameters on the yield and anticoagulant activity of the bioengineered GAGs. 26037948 10 40 theme metabolic 1502:1510 arg1 refinements 1524:1534 metabolic engineering refinements 1502:1534 metabolic engineering refinements 1502:1534 However, these studies clearly demonstrate bioprocess optimization, in parallel with metabolic engineering refinements, will play a substantial role in developing a bioengineered heparin to replace the current animal-derived drug. 26037948 9 41 theme additional 1366:1375 arg1 engineering 1387:1397 additional metabolic engineering 1366:1397 additional metabolic engineering 1366:1397 Unfortunately, the product composition still differs from pharmaceutical heparin, suggesting that additional metabolic engineering will be required. 26037948 10 42 dep demonstrate 1448:1458 arg1 play 1542:1545 play 1542:1545 will play a substantial role in developing a bioengineered heparin to replace the current animal-derived drug 1537:1645 However, these studies clearly demonstrate bioprocess optimization, in parallel with metabolic engineering refinements, will play a substantial role in developing a bioengineered heparin to replace the current animal-derived drug. 26037948 3 43 theme recent 258:263 arg1 crisis 279:284 A recent contamination crisis 256:284 A recent contamination crisis 256:284 A recent contamination crisis motivated development of a non-animal-derived source of this critical drug. 26037948 7 44 theme Fed-batch 880:888 arg1 studies 903:909 Fed-batch shaker-flask studies 880:909 Fed-batch shaker-flask studies using a proprietary, chemically-defined feed, 880:955 Fed-batch shaker-flask studies using a proprietary, chemically-defined feed, resulted in ∼two-fold increase in integrated viable cell density and a 70% increase in specific productivity, resulting in nearly three-fold increase in product titer. 26037948 7 45 from increase 1032:1039 arg1 density 1014:1020 integrated viable cell density 991:1020 integrated viable cell density 991:1020 Fed-batch shaker-flask studies using a proprietary, chemically-defined feed, resulted in ∼two-fold increase in integrated viable cell density and a 70% increase in specific productivity, resulting in nearly three-fold increase in product titer. 26037948 7 45 from increase 1032:1039 arg1 productivity 1053:1064 specific productivity 1044:1064 specific productivity 1044:1064 Fed-batch shaker-flask studies using a proprietary, chemically-defined feed, resulted in ∼two-fold increase in integrated viable cell density and a 70% increase in specific productivity, resulting in nearly three-fold increase in product titer. 26037948 10 46 with parallel 1488:1495 arg1 refinements 1524:1534 metabolic engineering refinements 1502:1534 metabolic engineering refinements 1502:1534 However, these studies clearly demonstrate bioprocess optimization, in parallel with metabolic engineering refinements, will play a substantial role in developing a bioengineered heparin to replace the current animal-derived drug. 26037948 3 47 theme contamination 265:277 arg1 crisis 279:284 A recent contamination crisis 256:284 A recent contamination crisis 256:284 A recent contamination crisis motivated development of a non-animal-derived source of this critical drug. 26037948 4 48 theme bioengineered 464:476 arg1 heparin 478:484 a bioengineered heparin 462:484 a bioengineered heparin 462:484 We hypothesized that Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells could be metabolically engineered to produce a bioengineered heparin, equivalent to current pharmaceutical heparin. 26037948 8 49 theme product 1232:1238 arg1 concentration 1240:1252 a final product concentration 1224:1252 a final product concentration of ∼90 μg/mL 1224:1265 Transferring the process to a stirred-tank bioreactor increased the productivity further, yielding a final product concentration of ∼90 μg/mL. 26037948 5 50 theme heparin/heparan 718:732 arg1 sulfate 734:740 heparin/heparan sulfate 718:740 the heparin/heparan sulfate yield ∼10-fold 714:755 We previously engineered CHO-S cells to overexpress two exogenous enzymes from the heparin/heparan sulfate biosynthetic pathway, increasing the anticoagulant activity ∼100-fold and the heparin/heparan sulfate yield ∼10-fold. 26037948 9 51 theme pharmaceutical 1326:1339 arg1 heparin 1341:1347 pharmaceutical heparin 1326:1347 pharmaceutical heparin 1326:1347 Unfortunately, the product composition still differs from pharmaceutical heparin, suggesting that additional metabolic engineering will be required. 26037948 7 52 theme three-fold 1087:1096 arg1 increase 1098:1105 nearly three-fold increase 1080:1105 nearly three-fold increase in product titer 1080:1122 Fed-batch shaker-flask studies using a proprietary, chemically-defined feed, resulted in ∼two-fold increase in integrated viable cell density and a 70% increase in specific productivity, resulting in nearly three-fold increase in product titer. 26037948 10 53 link animal-derived 1627:1640 arg1 drug 1642:1645 the current animal-derived drug 1615:1645 the current animal-derived drug 1615:1645 However, these studies clearly demonstrate bioprocess optimization, in parallel with metabolic engineering refinements, will play a substantial role in developing a bioengineered heparin to replace the current animal-derived drug. 26037948 3 54 theme non-animal-derived 313:330 arg1 source 332:337 a non-animal-derived source 311:337 a non-animal-derived source of this critical drug 311:359 A recent contamination crisis motivated development of a non-animal-derived source of this critical drug. 26037948 2 55 theme animal 210:215 arg1 tissues 217:223 animal tissues 210:223 animal tissues 210:223 Heparin is currently produced from animal tissues, primarily porcine intestines. 26037948 0 56 link cell-derived 67:78 arg1 heparin 95:101 a CHO cell-derived, bioengineered heparin 61:101 a CHO cell-derived, bioengineered heparin 61:101 Optimization of bioprocess conditions improves production of a CHO cell-derived, bioengineered heparin. 26037948 7 57 theme viable 1002:1007 arg1 density 1014:1020 integrated viable cell density 991:1020 integrated viable cell density 991:1020 Fed-batch shaker-flask studies using a proprietary, chemically-defined feed, resulted in ∼two-fold increase in integrated viable cell density and a 70% increase in specific productivity, resulting in nearly three-fold increase in product titer. 26037948 5 58 theme yield 742:746 arg1 ∼10-fold 748:755 the heparin/heparan sulfate yield ∼10-fold 714:755 the heparin/heparan sulfate yield ∼10-fold 714:755 We previously engineered CHO-S cells to overexpress two exogenous enzymes from the heparin/heparan sulfate biosynthetic pathway, increasing the anticoagulant activity ∼100-fold and the heparin/heparan sulfate yield ∼10-fold. 26037948 5 59 theme exogenous 589:597 arg1 enzymes 599:605 two exogenous enzymes 585:605 two exogenous enzymes from the heparin/heparan sulfate biosynthetic pathway 585:659 We previously engineered CHO-S cells to overexpress two exogenous enzymes from the heparin/heparan sulfate biosynthetic pathway, increasing the anticoagulant activity ∼100-fold and the heparin/heparan sulfate yield ∼10-fold. 26037948 6 60 theme GAGs 874:877 arg1 yield 820:824 yield 820:824 yield 820:824 Here, we explored the effects of bioprocess parameters on the yield and anticoagulant activity of the bioengineered GAGs. 26037948 6 60 theme GAGs 874:877 arg1 activity 844:851 anticoagulant activity 830:851 anticoagulant activity 830:851 Here, we explored the effects of bioprocess parameters on the yield and anticoagulant activity of the bioengineered GAGs. 26037948 6 61 theme bioprocess 791:800 arg1 parameters 802:811 bioprocess parameters 791:811 bioprocess parameters 791:811 Here, we explored the effects of bioprocess parameters on the yield and anticoagulant activity of the bioengineered GAGs. 26037948 7 62 from increase 979:986 arg1 density 1014:1020 integrated viable cell density 991:1020 integrated viable cell density 991:1020 Fed-batch shaker-flask studies using a proprietary, chemically-defined feed, resulted in ∼two-fold increase in integrated viable cell density and a 70% increase in specific productivity, resulting in nearly three-fold increase in product titer. 26037948 7 62 from increase 979:986 arg1 productivity 1053:1064 specific productivity 1044:1064 specific productivity 1044:1064 Fed-batch shaker-flask studies using a proprietary, chemically-defined feed, resulted in ∼two-fold increase in integrated viable cell density and a 70% increase in specific productivity, resulting in nearly three-fold increase in product titer. 26037948 10 63 theme current 1619:1625 arg1 drug 1642:1645 the current animal-derived drug 1615:1645 the current animal-derived drug 1615:1645 However, these studies clearly demonstrate bioprocess optimization, in parallel with metabolic engineering refinements, will play a substantial role in developing a bioengineered heparin to replace the current animal-derived drug. 26037948 7 64 theme specific 1044:1051 arg1 productivity 1053:1064 specific productivity 1044:1064 specific productivity 1044:1064 Fed-batch shaker-flask studies using a proprietary, chemically-defined feed, resulted in ∼two-fold increase in integrated viable cell density and a 70% increase in specific productivity, resulting in nearly three-fold increase in product titer. 26037948 3 65 link non-animal-derived 313:330 arg1 source 332:337 a non-animal-derived source 311:337 a non-animal-derived source of this critical drug 311:359 A recent contamination crisis motivated development of a non-animal-derived source of this critical drug. 26037948 7 66 from increase 1098:1105 arg1 titer 1118:1122 product titer 1110:1122 product titer 1110:1122 Fed-batch shaker-flask studies using a proprietary, chemically-defined feed, resulted in ∼two-fold increase in integrated viable cell density and a 70% increase in specific productivity, resulting in nearly three-fold increase in product titer. 26037948 0 67 theme cell-derived 67:78 arg1 heparin 95:101 a CHO cell-derived, bioengineered heparin 61:101 a CHO cell-derived, bioengineered heparin 61:101 Optimization of bioprocess conditions improves production of a CHO cell-derived, bioengineered heparin. 26037948 10 68 theme animal-derived 1627:1640 arg1 drug 1642:1645 the current animal-derived drug 1615:1645 the current animal-derived drug 1615:1645 However, these studies clearly demonstrate bioprocess optimization, in parallel with metabolic engineering refinements, will play a substantial role in developing a bioengineered heparin to replace the current animal-derived drug. 26037948 1 69 theme anticoagulant 136:148 arg1 drug 150:153 the most widely used anticoagulant drug 115:153 the most widely used anticoagulant drug in the world today 115:172 Heparin is the most widely used anticoagulant drug in the world today. 26037948 1 69 theme anticoagulant 136:148 arg1 Heparin 104:110 Heparin 104:110 Heparin 104:110 Heparin is the most widely used anticoagulant drug in the world today. 26037948 7 70 theme ∼two-fold 969:977 arg1 increase 979:986 ∼two-fold increase 969:986 ∼two-fold increase in integrated viable cell density 969:1020 Fed-batch shaker-flask studies using a proprietary, chemically-defined feed, resulted in ∼two-fold increase in integrated viable cell density and a 70% increase in specific productivity, resulting in nearly three-fold increase in product titer. 26037948 3 71 theme critical 347:354 arg1 drug 356:359 this critical drug 342:359 this critical drug 342:359 A recent contamination crisis motivated development of a non-animal-derived source of this critical drug. 26037948 4 72 theme pharmaceutical 509:522 arg1 heparin 524:530 current pharmaceutical heparin 501:530 current pharmaceutical heparin 501:530 We hypothesized that Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells could be metabolically engineered to produce a bioengineered heparin, equivalent to current pharmaceutical heparin. 26037948 2 73 theme porcine 236:242 arg1 intestines 244:253 porcine intestines 236:253 porcine intestines 236:253 Heparin is currently produced from animal tissues, primarily porcine intestines. 26037948 10 74 theme bioprocess 1460:1469 arg1 optimization 1471:1482 bioprocess optimization 1460:1482 bioprocess optimization 1460:1482 However, these studies clearly demonstrate bioprocess optimization, in parallel with metabolic engineering refinements, will play a substantial role in developing a bioengineered heparin to replace the current animal-derived drug. 26037948 5 75 from pathway 653:659 arg1 enzymes 599:605 two exogenous enzymes 585:605 two exogenous enzymes from the heparin/heparan sulfate biosynthetic pathway 585:659 We previously engineered CHO-S cells to overexpress two exogenous enzymes from the heparin/heparan sulfate biosynthetic pathway, increasing the anticoagulant activity ∼100-fold and the heparin/heparan sulfate yield ∼10-fold. 26037948 8 76 theme final 1226:1230 arg1 concentration 1240:1252 a final product concentration 1224:1252 a final product concentration of ∼90 μg/mL 1224:1265 Transferring the process to a stirred-tank bioreactor increased the productivity further, yielding a final product concentration of ∼90 μg/mL. 25624472 0 0 theme acid 73:76 arg1 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure and mechanism of Staphylococcus aureus TarM, the wall teichoic acid α-glycosyltransferase. 25624472 0 0 theme acid 73:76 arg1 α-glycosyltransferase 78:98 the wall teichoic acid α-glycosyltransferase 55:98 the wall teichoic acid α-glycosyltransferase 55:98 Structure and mechanism of Staphylococcus aureus TarM, the wall teichoic acid α-glycosyltransferase. 25624472 6 1 theme nucleophilic 1050:1061 arg1 mechanism 1081:1089 an internal nucleophilic substitution-like mechanism 1038:1089 an internal nucleophilic substitution-like mechanism 1038:1089 These structures support an internal nucleophilic substitution-like mechanism, lend new mechanistic insight into the glycosylation of glycopolymers, and reveal a trimerization domain with a likely role in acceptor substrate scaffolding. 25624472 5 2 theme polymeric 898:906 arg1 analog 927:932 a polymeric acceptor substrate analog 896:932 a polymeric acceptor substrate analog 896:932 Here we present the crystal structure of TarM in an unusual ternary-like complex consisting of a polymeric acceptor substrate analog, UDP from a hydrolyzed donor, and an α-glyceryl-GlcNAc product formed in situ. 25624472 5 2 theme polymeric 898:906 arg1 UDP 935:937 UDP 935:937 UDP from a hydrolyzed donor 935:961 Here we present the crystal structure of TarM in an unusual ternary-like complex consisting of a polymeric acceptor substrate analog, UDP from a hydrolyzed donor, and an α-glyceryl-GlcNAc product formed in situ. 25624472 6 3 from role 1210:1213 arg1 scaffolding 1237:1247 acceptor substrate scaffolding 1218:1247 acceptor substrate scaffolding 1218:1247 These structures support an internal nucleophilic substitution-like mechanism, lend new mechanistic insight into the glycosylation of glycopolymers, and reveal a trimerization domain with a likely role in acceptor substrate scaffolding. 25624472 0 4 theme teichoic 64:71 arg1 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure and mechanism of Staphylococcus aureus TarM, the wall teichoic acid α-glycosyltransferase. 25624472 0 4 theme teichoic 64:71 arg1 α-glycosyltransferase 78:98 the wall teichoic acid α-glycosyltransferase 55:98 the wall teichoic acid α-glycosyltransferase 55:98 Structure and mechanism of Staphylococcus aureus TarM, the wall teichoic acid α-glycosyltransferase. 25624472 6 5 theme substitution-like 1063:1079 arg1 mechanism 1081:1089 an internal nucleophilic substitution-like mechanism 1038:1089 an internal nucleophilic substitution-like mechanism 1038:1089 These structures support an internal nucleophilic substitution-like mechanism, lend new mechanistic insight into the glycosylation of glycopolymers, and reveal a trimerization domain with a likely role in acceptor substrate scaffolding. 25624472 2 6 theme genetic 353:359 arg1 exchange 361:368 genetic exchange 353:368 genetic exchange 353:368 The polyol phosphate subunits of these glycopolymers are decorated with GlcNAc sugars that are involved in phage binding, genetic exchange, host antibody response, resistance, and virulence. 25624472 6 7 theme acceptor 1218:1225 arg1 scaffolding 1237:1247 acceptor substrate scaffolding 1218:1247 acceptor substrate scaffolding 1218:1247 These structures support an internal nucleophilic substitution-like mechanism, lend new mechanistic insight into the glycosylation of glycopolymers, and reveal a trimerization domain with a likely role in acceptor substrate scaffolding. 25624472 2 8 theme GlcNAc 303:308 arg1 sugars 310:315 GlcNAc sugars 303:315 GlcNAc sugars that are involved in phage binding, genetic exchange, host antibody response, resistance, and virulence 303:419 The polyol phosphate subunits of these glycopolymers are decorated with GlcNAc sugars that are involved in phage binding, genetic exchange, host antibody response, resistance, and virulence. 25624472 3 9 theme β- 565:566 arg1 activities 593:602 β-(1-4) glycosyltransferase activities 565:602 β-(1-4) glycosyltransferase activities 565:602 The search for the enzymes responsible for GlcNAcylation in Staphylococcus aureus has recently identified TarM and TarS with respective α- and β-(1-4) glycosyltransferase activities. 25624472 6 10 theme mechanistic 1101:1111 arg1 insight 1113:1119 new mechanistic insight 1097:1119 new mechanistic insight into the glycosylation of glycopolymers 1097:1159 These structures support an internal nucleophilic substitution-like mechanism, lend new mechanistic insight into the glycosylation of glycopolymers, and reveal a trimerization domain with a likely role in acceptor substrate scaffolding. 25624472 4 11 theme TarM 725:728 arg1 important 749:757 important 749:757 important 749:757 The stereochemistry of the GlcNAc attachment is important in balancing biological processes, such that the interplay of TarM and TarS is likely important for bacterial pathogenicity and survival. 25624472 4 11 theme TarM 725:728 arg1 such 698:701 such 698:701 such 698:701 The stereochemistry of the GlcNAc attachment is important in balancing biological processes, such that the interplay of TarM and TarS is likely important for bacterial pathogenicity and survival. 25624472 4 11 theme TarM 725:728 arg1 interplay 712:720 the interplay 708:720 the interplay of TarM and TarS 708:737 The stereochemistry of the GlcNAc attachment is important in balancing biological processes, such that the interplay of TarM and TarS is likely important for bacterial pathogenicity and survival. 25624472 4 12 dep important 749:757 arg1 important 749:757 important 749:757 important 749:757 The stereochemistry of the GlcNAc attachment is important in balancing biological processes, such that the interplay of TarM and TarS is likely important for bacterial pathogenicity and survival. 25624472 4 12 dep important 749:757 arg1 such 698:701 such 698:701 such 698:701 The stereochemistry of the GlcNAc attachment is important in balancing biological processes, such that the interplay of TarM and TarS is likely important for bacterial pathogenicity and survival. 25624472 4 12 dep important 749:757 arg1 interplay 712:720 the interplay 708:720 the interplay of TarM and TarS 708:737 The stereochemistry of the GlcNAc attachment is important in balancing biological processes, such that the interplay of TarM and TarS is likely important for bacterial pathogenicity and survival. 25624472 5 13 theme TarM 842:845 arg1 product 989:995 an α-glyceryl-GlcNAc product 968:995 an α-glyceryl-GlcNAc product formed in situ 968:1010 Here we present the crystal structure of TarM in an unusual ternary-like complex consisting of a polymeric acceptor substrate analog, UDP from a hydrolyzed donor, and an α-glyceryl-GlcNAc product formed in situ. 25624472 5 13 theme TarM 842:845 arg1 structure 829:837 the crystal structure 817:837 the crystal structure of TarM in an unusual ternary-like complex consisting of a polymeric acceptor substrate analog, UDP from a hydrolyzed donor, 817:962 Here we present the crystal structure of TarM in an unusual ternary-like complex consisting of a polymeric acceptor substrate analog, UDP from a hydrolyzed donor, and an α-glyceryl-GlcNAc product formed in situ. 25624472 4 14 theme GlcNAc 632:637 arg1 attachment 639:648 the GlcNAc attachment 628:648 the GlcNAc attachment 628:648 The stereochemistry of the GlcNAc attachment is important in balancing biological processes, such that the interplay of TarM and TarS is likely important for bacterial pathogenicity and survival. 25624472 5 15 theme unusual 853:859 arg1 complex 874:880 an unusual ternary-like complex 850:880 an unusual ternary-like complex consisting of a polymeric acceptor substrate analog, UDP from a hydrolyzed donor, 850:962 Here we present the crystal structure of TarM in an unusual ternary-like complex consisting of a polymeric acceptor substrate analog, UDP from a hydrolyzed donor, and an α-glyceryl-GlcNAc product formed in situ. 25624472 5 16 theme acceptor 908:915 arg1 analog 927:932 a polymeric acceptor substrate analog 896:932 a polymeric acceptor substrate analog 896:932 Here we present the crystal structure of TarM in an unusual ternary-like complex consisting of a polymeric acceptor substrate analog, UDP from a hydrolyzed donor, and an α-glyceryl-GlcNAc product formed in situ. 25624472 5 16 theme acceptor 908:915 arg1 UDP 935:937 UDP 935:937 UDP from a hydrolyzed donor 935:961 Here we present the crystal structure of TarM in an unusual ternary-like complex consisting of a polymeric acceptor substrate analog, UDP from a hydrolyzed donor, and an α-glyceryl-GlcNAc product formed in situ. 25624472 6 17 theme new 1097:1099 arg1 insight 1113:1119 new mechanistic insight 1097:1119 new mechanistic insight into the glycosylation of glycopolymers 1097:1159 These structures support an internal nucleophilic substitution-like mechanism, lend new mechanistic insight into the glycosylation of glycopolymers, and reveal a trimerization domain with a likely role in acceptor substrate scaffolding. 25624472 5 18 theme α-glyceryl-GlcNAc 971:987 arg1 product 989:995 an α-glyceryl-GlcNAc product 968:995 an α-glyceryl-GlcNAc product formed in situ 968:1010 Here we present the crystal structure of TarM in an unusual ternary-like complex consisting of a polymeric acceptor substrate analog, UDP from a hydrolyzed donor, and an α-glyceryl-GlcNAc product formed in situ. 25624472 5 19 from product 989:995 arg1 complex 874:880 an unusual ternary-like complex 850:880 an unusual ternary-like complex consisting of a polymeric acceptor substrate analog, UDP from a hydrolyzed donor, 850:962 Here we present the crystal structure of TarM in an unusual ternary-like complex consisting of a polymeric acceptor substrate analog, UDP from a hydrolyzed donor, and an α-glyceryl-GlcNAc product formed in situ. 25624472 1 20 theme cross-stitched 181:194 arg1 acids 149:153 wall teichoic acids 135:153 wall teichoic acids 135:153 Unique to Gram-positive bacteria, wall teichoic acids are anionic glycopolymers cross-stitched to a thick layer of peptidoglycan. 25624472 1 20 theme cross-stitched 181:194 arg1 glycopolymers 167:179 anionic glycopolymers 159:179 anionic glycopolymers cross-stitched to a thick layer of peptidoglycan 159:228 Unique to Gram-positive bacteria, wall teichoic acids are anionic glycopolymers cross-stitched to a thick layer of peptidoglycan. 25624472 6 21 gly glycosylation 1130:1142 arg1 glycopolymers 1147:1159 glycopolymers 1147:1159 glycopolymers 1147:1159 These structures support an internal nucleophilic substitution-like mechanism, lend new mechanistic insight into the glycosylation of glycopolymers, and reveal a trimerization domain with a likely role in acceptor substrate scaffolding. 25624472 6 22 theme trimerization 1175:1187 arg1 domain 1189:1194 a trimerization domain 1173:1194 a trimerization domain with a likely role in acceptor substrate scaffolding 1173:1247 These structures support an internal nucleophilic substitution-like mechanism, lend new mechanistic insight into the glycosylation of glycopolymers, and reveal a trimerization domain with a likely role in acceptor substrate scaffolding. 25624472 5 23 from structure 829:837 arg1 complex 874:880 an unusual ternary-like complex 850:880 an unusual ternary-like complex consisting of a polymeric acceptor substrate analog, UDP from a hydrolyzed donor, 850:962 Here we present the crystal structure of TarM in an unusual ternary-like complex consisting of a polymeric acceptor substrate analog, UDP from a hydrolyzed donor, and an α-glyceryl-GlcNAc product formed in situ. 25624472 4 24 theme TarS 734:737 arg1 important 749:757 important 749:757 important 749:757 The stereochemistry of the GlcNAc attachment is important in balancing biological processes, such that the interplay of TarM and TarS is likely important for bacterial pathogenicity and survival. 25624472 4 24 theme TarS 734:737 arg1 such 698:701 such 698:701 such 698:701 The stereochemistry of the GlcNAc attachment is important in balancing biological processes, such that the interplay of TarM and TarS is likely important for bacterial pathogenicity and survival. 25624472 4 24 theme TarS 734:737 arg1 interplay 712:720 the interplay 708:720 the interplay of TarM and TarS 708:737 The stereochemistry of the GlcNAc attachment is important in balancing biological processes, such that the interplay of TarM and TarS is likely important for bacterial pathogenicity and survival. 25624472 4 25 theme bacterial 763:771 arg1 pathogenicity 773:785 bacterial pathogenicity 763:785 bacterial pathogenicity 763:785 The stereochemistry of the GlcNAc attachment is important in balancing biological processes, such that the interplay of TarM and TarS is likely important for bacterial pathogenicity and survival. 25624472 2 26 theme antibody 376:383 arg1 response 385:392 host antibody response 371:392 host antibody response 371:392 The polyol phosphate subunits of these glycopolymers are decorated with GlcNAc sugars that are involved in phage binding, genetic exchange, host antibody response, resistance, and virulence. 25624472 5 27 theme crystal 821:827 arg1 structure 829:837 the crystal structure 817:837 the crystal structure of TarM in an unusual ternary-like complex consisting of a polymeric acceptor substrate analog, UDP from a hydrolyzed donor, 817:962 Here we present the crystal structure of TarM in an unusual ternary-like complex consisting of a polymeric acceptor substrate analog, UDP from a hydrolyzed donor, and an α-glyceryl-GlcNAc product formed in situ. 25624472 6 28 with domain 1189:1194 arg1 role 1210:1213 a likely role 1201:1213 a likely role in acceptor substrate scaffolding 1201:1247 These structures support an internal nucleophilic substitution-like mechanism, lend new mechanistic insight into the glycosylation of glycopolymers, and reveal a trimerization domain with a likely role in acceptor substrate scaffolding. 25624472 5 29 theme hydrolyzed 946:955 arg1 donor 957:961 a hydrolyzed donor 944:961 a hydrolyzed donor 944:961 Here we present the crystal structure of TarM in an unusual ternary-like complex consisting of a polymeric acceptor substrate analog, UDP from a hydrolyzed donor, and an α-glyceryl-GlcNAc product formed in situ. 25624472 1 30 theme thick 201:205 arg1 layer 207:211 a thick layer 199:211 a thick layer of peptidoglycan 199:228 Unique to Gram-positive bacteria, wall teichoic acids are anionic glycopolymers cross-stitched to a thick layer of peptidoglycan. 25624472 6 31 theme likely 1203:1208 arg1 role 1210:1213 a likely role 1201:1213 a likely role in acceptor substrate scaffolding 1201:1247 These structures support an internal nucleophilic substitution-like mechanism, lend new mechanistic insight into the glycosylation of glycopolymers, and reveal a trimerization domain with a likely role in acceptor substrate scaffolding. 25624472 1 32 theme anionic 159:165 arg1 acids 149:153 wall teichoic acids 135:153 wall teichoic acids 135:153 Unique to Gram-positive bacteria, wall teichoic acids are anionic glycopolymers cross-stitched to a thick layer of peptidoglycan. 25624472 1 32 theme anionic 159:165 arg1 glycopolymers 167:179 anionic glycopolymers 159:179 anionic glycopolymers cross-stitched to a thick layer of peptidoglycan 159:228 Unique to Gram-positive bacteria, wall teichoic acids are anionic glycopolymers cross-stitched to a thick layer of peptidoglycan. 25624472 1 33 theme teichoic 140:147 arg1 acids 149:153 wall teichoic acids 135:153 wall teichoic acids 135:153 Unique to Gram-positive bacteria, wall teichoic acids are anionic glycopolymers cross-stitched to a thick layer of peptidoglycan. 25624472 1 33 theme teichoic 140:147 arg1 glycopolymers 167:179 anionic glycopolymers 159:179 anionic glycopolymers cross-stitched to a thick layer of peptidoglycan 159:228 Unique to Gram-positive bacteria, wall teichoic acids are anionic glycopolymers cross-stitched to a thick layer of peptidoglycan. 25624472 0 34 theme aureus 42:47 arg1 TarM 49:52 Staphylococcus aureus TarM 27:52 Staphylococcus aureus TarM 27:52 Structure and mechanism of Staphylococcus aureus TarM, the wall teichoic acid α-glycosyltransferase. 25624472 2 35 theme phosphate 242:250 arg1 subunits 252:259 The polyol phosphate subunits 231:259 The polyol phosphate subunits of these glycopolymers 231:282 The polyol phosphate subunits of these glycopolymers are decorated with GlcNAc sugars that are involved in phage binding, genetic exchange, host antibody response, resistance, and virulence. 25624472 4 36 theme biological 676:685 arg1 processes 687:695 biological processes 676:695 biological processes 676:695 The stereochemistry of the GlcNAc attachment is important in balancing biological processes, such that the interplay of TarM and TarS is likely important for bacterial pathogenicity and survival. 25624472 6 37 theme internal 1041:1048 arg1 mechanism 1081:1089 an internal nucleophilic substitution-like mechanism 1038:1089 an internal nucleophilic substitution-like mechanism 1038:1089 These structures support an internal nucleophilic substitution-like mechanism, lend new mechanistic insight into the glycosylation of glycopolymers, and reveal a trimerization domain with a likely role in acceptor substrate scaffolding. 25624472 0 38 theme Staphylococcus 27:40 arg1 TarM 49:52 Staphylococcus aureus TarM 27:52 Staphylococcus aureus TarM 27:52 Structure and mechanism of Staphylococcus aureus TarM, the wall teichoic acid α-glycosyltransferase. 25624472 2 39 theme polyol 235:240 arg1 subunits 252:259 The polyol phosphate subunits 231:259 The polyol phosphate subunits of these glycopolymers 231:282 The polyol phosphate subunits of these glycopolymers are decorated with GlcNAc sugars that are involved in phage binding, genetic exchange, host antibody response, resistance, and virulence. 25624472 1 40 theme peptidoglycan 216:228 arg1 layer 207:211 a thick layer 199:211 a thick layer of peptidoglycan 199:228 Unique to Gram-positive bacteria, wall teichoic acids are anionic glycopolymers cross-stitched to a thick layer of peptidoglycan. 25624472 1 41 theme Gram-positive 111:123 arg1 bacteria 125:132 Gram-positive bacteria 111:132 Gram-positive bacteria 111:132 Unique to Gram-positive bacteria, wall teichoic acids are anionic glycopolymers cross-stitched to a thick layer of peptidoglycan. 25624472 0 42 theme TarM 49:52 arg1 mechanism 14:22 mechanism 14:22 mechanism 14:22 Structure and mechanism of Staphylococcus aureus TarM, the wall teichoic acid α-glycosyltransferase. 25624472 0 42 theme TarM 49:52 arg1 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure and mechanism of Staphylococcus aureus TarM, the wall teichoic acid α-glycosyltransferase. 25624472 0 42 theme TarM 49:52 arg1 α-glycosyltransferase 78:98 the wall teichoic acid α-glycosyltransferase 55:98 the wall teichoic acid α-glycosyltransferase 55:98 Structure and mechanism of Staphylococcus aureus TarM, the wall teichoic acid α-glycosyltransferase. 25624472 3 43 theme glycosyltransferase 573:591 arg1 activities 593:602 β-(1-4) glycosyltransferase activities 565:602 β-(1-4) glycosyltransferase activities 565:602 The search for the enzymes responsible for GlcNAcylation in Staphylococcus aureus has recently identified TarM and TarS with respective α- and β-(1-4) glycosyltransferase activities. 25624472 6 44 theme glycopolymers 1147:1159 arg1 glycosylation 1130:1142 the glycosylation 1126:1142 the glycosylation of glycopolymers 1126:1159 These structures support an internal nucleophilic substitution-like mechanism, lend new mechanistic insight into the glycosylation of glycopolymers, and reveal a trimerization domain with a likely role in acceptor substrate scaffolding. 25624472 6 45 theme substrate 1227:1235 arg1 scaffolding 1237:1247 acceptor substrate scaffolding 1218:1247 acceptor substrate scaffolding 1218:1247 These structures support an internal nucleophilic substitution-like mechanism, lend new mechanistic insight into the glycosylation of glycopolymers, and reveal a trimerization domain with a likely role in acceptor substrate scaffolding. 25624472 2 46 theme glycopolymers 270:282 arg1 subunits 252:259 The polyol phosphate subunits 231:259 The polyol phosphate subunits of these glycopolymers 231:282 The polyol phosphate subunits of these glycopolymers are decorated with GlcNAc sugars that are involved in phage binding, genetic exchange, host antibody response, resistance, and virulence. 25624472 3 47 from GlcNAcylation 465:477 arg1 aureus 497:502 Staphylococcus aureus 482:502 Staphylococcus aureus 482:502 The search for the enzymes responsible for GlcNAcylation in Staphylococcus aureus has recently identified TarM and TarS with respective α- and β-(1-4) glycosyltransferase activities. 25624472 2 48 theme phage 338:342 arg1 binding 344:350 phage binding 338:350 phage binding 338:350 The polyol phosphate subunits of these glycopolymers are decorated with GlcNAc sugars that are involved in phage binding, genetic exchange, host antibody response, resistance, and virulence. 25624472 5 49 from donor 957:961 arg1 analog 927:932 a polymeric acceptor substrate analog 896:932 a polymeric acceptor substrate analog 896:932 Here we present the crystal structure of TarM in an unusual ternary-like complex consisting of a polymeric acceptor substrate analog, UDP from a hydrolyzed donor, and an α-glyceryl-GlcNAc product formed in situ. 25624472 5 49 from donor 957:961 arg1 UDP 935:937 UDP 935:937 UDP from a hydrolyzed donor 935:961 Here we present the crystal structure of TarM in an unusual ternary-like complex consisting of a polymeric acceptor substrate analog, UDP from a hydrolyzed donor, and an α-glyceryl-GlcNAc product formed in situ. 25624472 5 50 from TarM 842:845 arg1 complex 874:880 an unusual ternary-like complex 850:880 an unusual ternary-like complex consisting of a polymeric acceptor substrate analog, UDP from a hydrolyzed donor, 850:962 Here we present the crystal structure of TarM in an unusual ternary-like complex consisting of a polymeric acceptor substrate analog, UDP from a hydrolyzed donor, and an α-glyceryl-GlcNAc product formed in situ. 25624472 5 51 theme substrate 917:925 arg1 analog 927:932 a polymeric acceptor substrate analog 896:932 a polymeric acceptor substrate analog 896:932 Here we present the crystal structure of TarM in an unusual ternary-like complex consisting of a polymeric acceptor substrate analog, UDP from a hydrolyzed donor, and an α-glyceryl-GlcNAc product formed in situ. 25624472 5 51 theme substrate 917:925 arg1 UDP 935:937 UDP 935:937 UDP from a hydrolyzed donor 935:961 Here we present the crystal structure of TarM in an unusual ternary-like complex consisting of a polymeric acceptor substrate analog, UDP from a hydrolyzed donor, and an α-glyceryl-GlcNAc product formed in situ. 25624472 3 52 theme respective 547:556 arg1 α- 558:559 respective α- 547:559 respective α- 547:559 The search for the enzymes responsible for GlcNAcylation in Staphylococcus aureus has recently identified TarM and TarS with respective α- and β-(1-4) glycosyltransferase activities. 25624472 5 53 from complex 874:880 arg1 product 989:995 an α-glyceryl-GlcNAc product 968:995 an α-glyceryl-GlcNAc product formed in situ 968:1010 Here we present the crystal structure of TarM in an unusual ternary-like complex consisting of a polymeric acceptor substrate analog, UDP from a hydrolyzed donor, and an α-glyceryl-GlcNAc product formed in situ. 25624472 5 53 from complex 874:880 arg1 structure 829:837 the crystal structure 817:837 the crystal structure of TarM in an unusual ternary-like complex consisting of a polymeric acceptor substrate analog, UDP from a hydrolyzed donor, 817:962 Here we present the crystal structure of TarM in an unusual ternary-like complex consisting of a polymeric acceptor substrate analog, UDP from a hydrolyzed donor, and an α-glyceryl-GlcNAc product formed in situ. 25624472 1 54 theme wall 135:138 arg1 acids 149:153 wall teichoic acids 135:153 wall teichoic acids 135:153 Unique to Gram-positive bacteria, wall teichoic acids are anionic glycopolymers cross-stitched to a thick layer of peptidoglycan. 25624472 1 54 theme wall 135:138 arg1 glycopolymers 167:179 anionic glycopolymers 159:179 anionic glycopolymers cross-stitched to a thick layer of peptidoglycan 159:228 Unique to Gram-positive bacteria, wall teichoic acids are anionic glycopolymers cross-stitched to a thick layer of peptidoglycan. 25624472 0 55 theme wall 59:62 arg1 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure and mechanism of Staphylococcus aureus TarM, the wall teichoic acid α-glycosyltransferase. 25624472 0 55 theme wall 59:62 arg1 α-glycosyltransferase 78:98 the wall teichoic acid α-glycosyltransferase 55:98 the wall teichoic acid α-glycosyltransferase 55:98 Structure and mechanism of Staphylococcus aureus TarM, the wall teichoic acid α-glycosyltransferase. 25624472 3 56 theme responsible 449:459 arg1 enzymes 441:447 the enzymes 437:447 the enzymes responsible for GlcNAcylation in Staphylococcus aureus 437:502 The search for the enzymes responsible for GlcNAcylation in Staphylococcus aureus has recently identified TarM and TarS with respective α- and β-(1-4) glycosyltransferase activities. 25624472 4 57 theme attachment 639:648 arg1 stereochemistry 609:623 The stereochemistry 605:623 The stereochemistry of the GlcNAc attachment 605:648 The stereochemistry of the GlcNAc attachment is important in balancing biological processes, such that the interplay of TarM and TarS is likely important for bacterial pathogenicity and survival. 25624472 4 57 theme attachment 639:648 arg1 important 653:661 important 653:661 important 653:661 The stereochemistry of the GlcNAc attachment is important in balancing biological processes, such that the interplay of TarM and TarS is likely important for bacterial pathogenicity and survival. 25624472 2 58 theme host 371:374 arg1 response 385:392 host antibody response 371:392 host antibody response 371:392 The polyol phosphate subunits of these glycopolymers are decorated with GlcNAc sugars that are involved in phage binding, genetic exchange, host antibody response, resistance, and virulence. 25624472 5 59 theme ternary-like 861:872 arg1 complex 874:880 an unusual ternary-like complex 850:880 an unusual ternary-like complex consisting of a polymeric acceptor substrate analog, UDP from a hydrolyzed donor, 850:962 Here we present the crystal structure of TarM in an unusual ternary-like complex consisting of a polymeric acceptor substrate analog, UDP from a hydrolyzed donor, and an α-glyceryl-GlcNAc product formed in situ. 26934359 7 0 theme molecular 1102:1110 arg1 structure 1112:1120 similar molecular structure 1094:1120 similar molecular structure 1094:1120 This result, and the similar morphology in each case, together imply that human liver glycogen has similar molecular structure to those of mice and pigs. 26934359 4 1 theme structural 711:720 arg1 linkages 774:781 glycosidic vs. proteinaceous linkages 745:781 linkages 774:781 The present study reports the first molecular structural characterization of human-liver glycogen from non-diabetic patients, using transmission electron microscopy for morphology and size-exclusion chromatography for the molecular size distribution; the latter is also studied as a function of time during acid hydrolysis in vitro, which is sensitive to certain structural features, particularly glycosidic vs. proteinaceous linkages. 26934359 4 1 theme structural 711:720 arg1 features 722:729 certain structural features 703:729 certain structural features 703:729 The present study reports the first molecular structural characterization of human-liver glycogen from non-diabetic patients, using transmission electron microscopy for morphology and size-exclusion chromatography for the molecular size distribution; the latter is also studied as a function of time during acid hydrolysis in vitro, which is sensitive to certain structural features, particularly glycosidic vs. proteinaceous linkages. 26934359 7 2 contain has 1090:1092 arg2 structure 1112:1120 similar molecular structure 1094:1120 similar molecular structure 1094:1120 This result, and the similar morphology in each case, together imply that human liver glycogen has similar molecular structure to those of mice and pigs. 26934359 7 2 contain has 1090:1092 arg1 glycogen 1081:1088 human liver glycogen 1069:1088 human liver glycogen 1069:1088 This result, and the similar morphology in each case, together imply that human liver glycogen has similar molecular structure to those of mice and pigs. 26934359 3 3 theme Previous 232:239 arg1 studies 241:247 Previous studies 232:247 Previous studies 232:247 Previous studies have shown that the binding which links β particles into α particles is impaired in diabetic mice. 26934359 4 4 theme molecular 384:392 arg1 characterization 405:420 the first molecular structural characterization 374:420 the first molecular structural characterization of human-liver glycogen from non-diabetic patients 374:471 The present study reports the first molecular structural characterization of human-liver glycogen from non-diabetic patients, using transmission electron microscopy for morphology and size-exclusion chromatography for the molecular size distribution; the latter is also studied as a function of time during acid hydrolysis in vitro, which is sensitive to certain structural features, particularly glycosidic vs. proteinaceous linkages. 26934359 2 5 contain contains 164:171 arg1 Liver 149:153 Liver glycogen 149:162 Liver glycogen 149:162 Liver glycogen contains large composite α particles made up of linked β particles. 26934359 2 5 contain contains 164:171 arg2 particles 191:199 large composite α particles 173:199 large composite α particles made up of linked β particles 173:229 Liver glycogen contains large composite α particles made up of linked β particles. 26934359 4 6 theme size-exclusion 532:545 arg1 chromatography 547:560 size-exclusion chromatography 532:560 size-exclusion chromatography 532:560 The present study reports the first molecular structural characterization of human-liver glycogen from non-diabetic patients, using transmission electron microscopy for morphology and size-exclusion chromatography for the molecular size distribution; the latter is also studied as a function of time during acid hydrolysis in vitro, which is sensitive to certain structural features, particularly glycosidic vs. proteinaceous linkages. 26934359 4 7 theme first 378:382 arg1 characterization 405:420 the first molecular structural characterization 374:420 the first molecular structural characterization of human-liver glycogen from non-diabetic patients 374:471 The present study reports the first molecular structural characterization of human-liver glycogen from non-diabetic patients, using transmission electron microscopy for morphology and size-exclusion chromatography for the molecular size distribution; the latter is also studied as a function of time during acid hydrolysis in vitro, which is sensitive to certain structural features, particularly glycosidic vs. proteinaceous linkages. 26934359 4 8 from characterization 405:420 arg1 patients 464:471 non-diabetic patients 451:471 non-diabetic patients 451:471 The present study reports the first molecular structural characterization of human-liver glycogen from non-diabetic patients, using transmission electron microscopy for morphology and size-exclusion chromatography for the molecular size distribution; the latter is also studied as a function of time during acid hydrolysis in vitro, which is sensitive to certain structural features, particularly glycosidic vs. proteinaceous linkages. 26934359 6 9 from similar 901:907 arg1 case 917:920 each case 912:920 each case 912:920 The molecular structural change during acid hydrolysis is similar in each case, and indicates that the linkage of β into α particles is not glycosidic. 26934359 4 10 theme electron 493:500 arg1 microscopy 502:511 transmission electron microscopy 480:511 transmission electron microscopy for morphology and size-exclusion chromatography 480:560 The present study reports the first molecular structural characterization of human-liver glycogen from non-diabetic patients, using transmission electron microscopy for morphology and size-exclusion chromatography for the molecular size distribution; the latter is also studied as a function of time during acid hydrolysis in vitro, which is sensitive to certain structural features, particularly glycosidic vs. proteinaceous linkages. 26934359 7 11 theme similar 1094:1100 arg1 structure 1112:1120 similar molecular structure 1094:1120 similar molecular structure 1094:1120 This result, and the similar morphology in each case, together imply that human liver glycogen has similar molecular structure to those of mice and pigs. 26934359 3 12 theme diabetic 333:340 arg1 mice 342:345 diabetic mice 333:345 diabetic mice 333:345 Previous studies have shown that the binding which links β particles into α particles is impaired in diabetic mice. 26934359 4 13 theme transmission 480:491 arg1 microscopy 502:511 transmission electron microscopy 480:511 transmission electron microscopy for morphology and size-exclusion chromatography 480:560 The present study reports the first molecular structural characterization of human-liver glycogen from non-diabetic patients, using transmission electron microscopy for morphology and size-exclusion chromatography for the molecular size distribution; the latter is also studied as a function of time during acid hydrolysis in vitro, which is sensitive to certain structural features, particularly glycosidic vs. proteinaceous linkages. 26934359 7 14 theme liver 1075:1079 arg1 glycogen 1081:1088 human liver glycogen 1069:1088 human liver glycogen 1069:1088 This result, and the similar morphology in each case, together imply that human liver glycogen has similar molecular structure to those of mice and pigs. 26934359 4 15 theme structural 394:403 arg1 characterization 405:420 the first molecular structural characterization 374:420 the first molecular structural characterization of human-liver glycogen from non-diabetic patients 374:471 The present study reports the first molecular structural characterization of human-liver glycogen from non-diabetic patients, using transmission electron microscopy for morphology and size-exclusion chromatography for the molecular size distribution; the latter is also studied as a function of time during acid hydrolysis in vitro, which is sensitive to certain structural features, particularly glycosidic vs. proteinaceous linkages. 26934359 1 16 theme branched 66:73 arg1 Glycogen 45:52 Glycogen 45:52 Glycogen 45:52 Glycogen is a highly branched glucose polymer which is involved in maintaining blood-sugar homeostasis. 26934359 1 16 theme branched 66:73 arg1 polymer 83:89 a highly branched glucose polymer 57:89 a highly branched glucose polymer which is involved in maintaining blood-sugar homeostasis 57:146 Glycogen is a highly branched glucose polymer which is involved in maintaining blood-sugar homeostasis. 26934359 1 17 theme glucose 75:81 arg1 Glycogen 45:52 Glycogen 45:52 Glycogen 45:52 Glycogen is a highly branched glucose polymer which is involved in maintaining blood-sugar homeostasis. 26934359 1 17 theme glucose 75:81 arg1 polymer 83:89 a highly branched glucose polymer 57:89 a highly branched glucose polymer which is involved in maintaining blood-sugar homeostasis 57:146 Glycogen is a highly branched glucose polymer which is involved in maintaining blood-sugar homeostasis. 26934359 6 18 from case 917:920 arg1 similar 901:907 similar 901:907 similar 901:907 The molecular structural change during acid hydrolysis is similar in each case, and indicates that the linkage of β into α particles is not glycosidic. 26934359 6 18 from case 917:920 arg1 change 868:873 The molecular structural change 843:873 The molecular structural change during acid hydrolysis 843:896 The molecular structural change during acid hydrolysis is similar in each case, and indicates that the linkage of β into α particles is not glycosidic. 26934359 4 19 theme present 352:358 arg1 study 360:364 The present study 348:364 The present study 348:364 The present study reports the first molecular structural characterization of human-liver glycogen from non-diabetic patients, using transmission electron microscopy for morphology and size-exclusion chromatography for the molecular size distribution; the latter is also studied as a function of time during acid hydrolysis in vitro, which is sensitive to certain structural features, particularly glycosidic vs. proteinaceous linkages. 26934359 4 20 theme proteinaceous 760:772 arg1 linkages 774:781 glycosidic vs. proteinaceous linkages 745:781 linkages 774:781 The present study reports the first molecular structural characterization of human-liver glycogen from non-diabetic patients, using transmission electron microscopy for morphology and size-exclusion chromatography for the molecular size distribution; the latter is also studied as a function of time during acid hydrolysis in vitro, which is sensitive to certain structural features, particularly glycosidic vs. proteinaceous linkages. 26934359 4 20 theme proteinaceous 760:772 arg1 features 722:729 certain structural features 703:729 certain structural features 703:729 The present study reports the first molecular structural characterization of human-liver glycogen from non-diabetic patients, using transmission electron microscopy for morphology and size-exclusion chromatography for the molecular size distribution; the latter is also studied as a function of time during acid hydrolysis in vitro, which is sensitive to certain structural features, particularly glycosidic vs. proteinaceous linkages. 26934359 0 21 theme Molecular 0:8 arg1 Structure 10:18 Molecular Structure 0:18 Molecular Structure of Human-Liver Glycogen 0:42 Molecular Structure of Human-Liver Glycogen. 26934359 7 22 theme human 1069:1073 arg1 glycogen 1081:1088 human liver glycogen 1069:1088 human liver glycogen 1069:1088 This result, and the similar morphology in each case, together imply that human liver glycogen has similar molecular structure to those of mice and pigs. 26934359 4 23 theme human-liver 425:435 arg1 glycogen 437:444 human-liver glycogen 425:444 human-liver glycogen from non-diabetic patients 425:471 The present study reports the first molecular structural characterization of human-liver glycogen from non-diabetic patients, using transmission electron microscopy for morphology and size-exclusion chromatography for the molecular size distribution; the latter is also studied as a function of time during acid hydrolysis in vitro, which is sensitive to certain structural features, particularly glycosidic vs. proteinaceous linkages. 26934359 4 24 theme non-diabetic 451:462 arg1 patients 464:471 non-diabetic patients 451:471 non-diabetic patients 451:471 The present study reports the first molecular structural characterization of human-liver glycogen from non-diabetic patients, using transmission electron microscopy for morphology and size-exclusion chromatography for the molecular size distribution; the latter is also studied as a function of time during acid hydrolysis in vitro, which is sensitive to certain structural features, particularly glycosidic vs. proteinaceous linkages. 26934359 0 25 theme Human-Liver 23:33 arg1 Glycogen 35:42 Human-Liver Glycogen 23:42 Human-Liver Glycogen 23:42 Molecular Structure of Human-Liver Glycogen. 26934359 4 26 theme acid 655:658 arg1 hydrolysis 660:669 acid hydrolysis 655:669 acid hydrolysis 655:669 The present study reports the first molecular structural characterization of human-liver glycogen from non-diabetic patients, using transmission electron microscopy for morphology and size-exclusion chromatography for the molecular size distribution; the latter is also studied as a function of time during acid hydrolysis in vitro, which is sensitive to certain structural features, particularly glycosidic vs. proteinaceous linkages. 26934359 6 27 theme α 964:964 arg1 particles 966:974 α particles 964:974 α particles 964:974 The molecular structural change during acid hydrolysis is similar in each case, and indicates that the linkage of β into α particles is not glycosidic. 26934359 4 28 theme certain 703:709 arg1 linkages 774:781 glycosidic vs. proteinaceous linkages 745:781 linkages 774:781 The present study reports the first molecular structural characterization of human-liver glycogen from non-diabetic patients, using transmission electron microscopy for morphology and size-exclusion chromatography for the molecular size distribution; the latter is also studied as a function of time during acid hydrolysis in vitro, which is sensitive to certain structural features, particularly glycosidic vs. proteinaceous linkages. 26934359 4 28 theme certain 703:709 arg1 features 722:729 certain structural features 703:729 certain structural features 703:729 The present study reports the first molecular structural characterization of human-liver glycogen from non-diabetic patients, using transmission electron microscopy for morphology and size-exclusion chromatography for the molecular size distribution; the latter is also studied as a function of time during acid hydrolysis in vitro, which is sensitive to certain structural features, particularly glycosidic vs. proteinaceous linkages. 26934359 8 29 theme future 1183:1188 arg1 targets 1204:1210 future diabetes drug targets 1183:1210 future diabetes drug targets 1183:1210 This knowledge will be useful for future diabetes drug targets. 26934359 4 30 from patients 464:471 arg1 glycogen 437:444 human-liver glycogen 425:444 human-liver glycogen from non-diabetic patients 425:471 The present study reports the first molecular structural characterization of human-liver glycogen from non-diabetic patients, using transmission electron microscopy for morphology and size-exclusion chromatography for the molecular size distribution; the latter is also studied as a function of time during acid hydrolysis in vitro, which is sensitive to certain structural features, particularly glycosidic vs. proteinaceous linkages. 26934359 4 30 from patients 464:471 arg1 characterization 405:420 the first molecular structural characterization 374:420 the first molecular structural characterization of human-liver glycogen from non-diabetic patients 374:471 The present study reports the first molecular structural characterization of human-liver glycogen from non-diabetic patients, using transmission electron microscopy for morphology and size-exclusion chromatography for the molecular size distribution; the latter is also studied as a function of time during acid hydrolysis in vitro, which is sensitive to certain structural features, particularly glycosidic vs. proteinaceous linkages. 26934359 2 31 theme α 189:189 arg1 particles 191:199 large composite α particles 173:199 large composite α particles made up of linked β particles 173:229 Liver glycogen contains large composite α particles made up of linked β particles. 26934359 2 32 link linked 212:217 arg1 particles 221:229 linked β particles 212:229 linked β particles 212:229 Liver glycogen contains large composite α particles made up of linked β particles. 26934359 0 33 theme Glycogen 35:42 arg1 Structure 10:18 Molecular Structure 0:18 Molecular Structure of Human-Liver Glycogen 0:42 Molecular Structure of Human-Liver Glycogen. 26934359 6 34 theme β 957:957 arg1 linkage 946:952 the linkage 942:952 the linkage of β into α particles 942:974 The molecular structural change during acid hydrolysis is similar in each case, and indicates that the linkage of β into α particles is not glycosidic. 26934359 6 34 theme β 957:957 arg1 glycosidic 983:992 glycosidic 983:992 glycosidic 983:992 The molecular structural change during acid hydrolysis is similar in each case, and indicates that the linkage of β into α particles is not glycosidic. 26934359 2 35 theme composite 179:187 arg1 particles 191:199 large composite α particles 173:199 large composite α particles made up of linked β particles 173:229 Liver glycogen contains large composite α particles made up of linked β particles. 26934359 8 36 theme drug 1199:1202 arg1 targets 1204:1210 future diabetes drug targets 1183:1210 future diabetes drug targets 1183:1210 This knowledge will be useful for future diabetes drug targets. 26934359 2 37 theme large 173:177 arg1 particles 191:199 large composite α particles 173:199 large composite α particles made up of linked β particles 173:229 Liver glycogen contains large composite α particles made up of linked β particles. 26934359 7 38 theme similar 1016:1022 arg1 morphology 1024:1033 the similar morphology 1012:1033 the similar morphology in each case 1012:1046 This result, and the similar morphology in each case, together imply that human liver glycogen has similar molecular structure to those of mice and pigs. 26934359 8 39 theme diabetes 1190:1197 arg1 targets 1204:1210 future diabetes drug targets 1183:1210 future diabetes drug targets 1183:1210 This knowledge will be useful for future diabetes drug targets. 26934359 4 40 theme size 580:583 arg1 distribution 585:596 the molecular size distribution 566:596 the molecular size distribution 566:596 The present study reports the first molecular structural characterization of human-liver glycogen from non-diabetic patients, using transmission electron microscopy for morphology and size-exclusion chromatography for the molecular size distribution; the latter is also studied as a function of time during acid hydrolysis in vitro, which is sensitive to certain structural features, particularly glycosidic vs. proteinaceous linkages. 26934359 3 41 theme α 306:306 arg1 particles 308:316 α particles 306:316 α particles 306:316 Previous studies have shown that the binding which links β particles into α particles is impaired in diabetic mice. 26934359 2 42 theme linked 212:217 arg1 particles 221:229 linked β particles 212:229 linked β particles 212:229 Liver glycogen contains large composite α particles made up of linked β particles. 26934359 2 43 theme β 219:219 arg1 particles 221:229 linked β particles 212:229 linked β particles 212:229 Liver glycogen contains large composite α particles made up of linked β particles. 26934359 6 44 theme acid 882:885 arg1 hydrolysis 887:896 acid hydrolysis 882:896 acid hydrolysis 882:896 The molecular structural change during acid hydrolysis is similar in each case, and indicates that the linkage of β into α particles is not glycosidic. 26934359 4 45 theme molecular 570:578 arg1 size 580:583 the molecular size 566:583 the molecular size distribution 566:596 The present study reports the first molecular structural characterization of human-liver glycogen from non-diabetic patients, using transmission electron microscopy for morphology and size-exclusion chromatography for the molecular size distribution; the latter is also studied as a function of time during acid hydrolysis in vitro, which is sensitive to certain structural features, particularly glycosidic vs. proteinaceous linkages. 26934359 3 46 theme β 289:289 arg1 particles 291:299 β particles 289:299 β particles 289:299 Previous studies have shown that the binding which links β particles into α particles is impaired in diabetic mice. 26934359 6 47 theme structural 857:866 arg1 similar 901:907 similar 901:907 similar 901:907 The molecular structural change during acid hydrolysis is similar in each case, and indicates that the linkage of β into α particles is not glycosidic. 26934359 6 47 theme structural 857:866 arg1 change 868:873 The molecular structural change 843:873 The molecular structural change during acid hydrolysis 843:896 The molecular structural change during acid hydrolysis is similar in each case, and indicates that the linkage of β into α particles is not glycosidic. 26934359 1 48 theme blood-sugar 124:134 arg1 homeostasis 136:146 blood-sugar homeostasis 124:146 blood-sugar homeostasis 124:146 Glycogen is a highly branched glucose polymer which is involved in maintaining blood-sugar homeostasis. 26934359 6 49 theme molecular 847:855 arg1 similar 901:907 similar 901:907 similar 901:907 The molecular structural change during acid hydrolysis is similar in each case, and indicates that the linkage of β into α particles is not glycosidic. 26934359 6 49 theme molecular 847:855 arg1 change 868:873 The molecular structural change 843:873 The molecular structural change during acid hydrolysis 843:896 The molecular structural change during acid hydrolysis is similar in each case, and indicates that the linkage of β into α particles is not glycosidic. 26934359 4 50 theme glycosidic 745:754 arg1 linkages 774:781 glycosidic vs. proteinaceous linkages 745:781 linkages 774:781 The present study reports the first molecular structural characterization of human-liver glycogen from non-diabetic patients, using transmission electron microscopy for morphology and size-exclusion chromatography for the molecular size distribution; the latter is also studied as a function of time during acid hydrolysis in vitro, which is sensitive to certain structural features, particularly glycosidic vs. proteinaceous linkages. 26934359 4 50 theme glycosidic 745:754 arg1 features 722:729 certain structural features 703:729 certain structural features 703:729 The present study reports the first molecular structural characterization of human-liver glycogen from non-diabetic patients, using transmission electron microscopy for morphology and size-exclusion chromatography for the molecular size distribution; the latter is also studied as a function of time during acid hydrolysis in vitro, which is sensitive to certain structural features, particularly glycosidic vs. proteinaceous linkages. 26934359 4 51 theme glycogen 437:444 arg1 characterization 405:420 the first molecular structural characterization 374:420 the first molecular structural characterization of human-liver glycogen from non-diabetic patients 374:471 The present study reports the first molecular structural characterization of human-liver glycogen from non-diabetic patients, using transmission electron microscopy for morphology and size-exclusion chromatography for the molecular size distribution; the latter is also studied as a function of time during acid hydrolysis in vitro, which is sensitive to certain structural features, particularly glycosidic vs. proteinaceous linkages. 26934359 7 52 from result 1000:1005 arg1 case 1043:1046 each case 1038:1046 each case 1038:1046 This result, and the similar morphology in each case, together imply that human liver glycogen has similar molecular structure to those of mice and pigs. 26934359 4 53 theme time 643:646 arg1 function 631:638 a function 629:638 a function of time during acid hydrolysis 629:669 The present study reports the first molecular structural characterization of human-liver glycogen from non-diabetic patients, using transmission electron microscopy for morphology and size-exclusion chromatography for the molecular size distribution; the latter is also studied as a function of time during acid hydrolysis in vitro, which is sensitive to certain structural features, particularly glycosidic vs. proteinaceous linkages. 26934359 4 53 theme time 643:646 arg1 latter 603:608 latter 603:608 latter 603:608 The present study reports the first molecular structural characterization of human-liver glycogen from non-diabetic patients, using transmission electron microscopy for morphology and size-exclusion chromatography for the molecular size distribution; the latter is also studied as a function of time during acid hydrolysis in vitro, which is sensitive to certain structural features, particularly glycosidic vs. proteinaceous linkages. 26934359 7 54 from morphology 1024:1033 arg1 case 1043:1046 each case 1038:1046 each case 1038:1046 This result, and the similar morphology in each case, together imply that human liver glycogen has similar molecular structure to those of mice and pigs. 25972020 7 0 theme gold 1046:1049 arg1 nanoparticles 1051:1063 gold nanoparticles 1046:1063 gold nanoparticles with three different concentrations 1046:1099 In order to introduce additional functionality, CNMC has been used to stabilize gold nanoparticles with three different concentrations by wet impregnation. 25972020 5 1 theme chiral 711:716 arg1 films 754:758 novel chiral nematic mesoporous cellulose (CNMC) films 705:758 novel chiral nematic mesoporous cellulose (CNMC) films 705:758 Removal of the stabilizing silica matrix by alkaline or acid treatment gives access to novel chiral nematic mesoporous cellulose (CNMC) films. 25972020 4 2 theme silica 504:509 arg1 precursors 511:520 silica precursors 504:520 silica precursors 504:520 Concomitant assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and condensation of silica precursors results in CNC-silica composites with chiral nematic structures and tunable optical properties. 25972020 5 3 theme alkaline 662:669 arg1 treatment 679:687 alkaline or acid treatment 662:687 treatment 679:687 Removal of the stabilizing silica matrix by alkaline or acid treatment gives access to novel chiral nematic mesoporous cellulose (CNMC) films. 25972020 5 4 theme acid 674:677 arg1 treatment 679:687 alkaline or acid treatment 662:687 treatment 679:687 Removal of the stabilizing silica matrix by alkaline or acid treatment gives access to novel chiral nematic mesoporous cellulose (CNMC) films. 25972020 8 5 from stable 1142:1147 arg1 water 1152:1156 water 1152:1156 water 1152:1156 These materials are stable in water and can potentially function in sensors, tissue engineering or functional membranes. 25972020 5 6 theme cellulose 737:745 arg1 films 754:758 novel chiral nematic mesoporous cellulose (CNMC) films 705:758 novel chiral nematic mesoporous cellulose (CNMC) films 705:758 Removal of the stabilizing silica matrix by alkaline or acid treatment gives access to novel chiral nematic mesoporous cellulose (CNMC) films. 25972020 4 7 theme optical 598:604 arg1 properties 606:615 tunable optical properties 590:615 tunable optical properties 590:615 Concomitant assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and condensation of silica precursors results in CNC-silica composites with chiral nematic structures and tunable optical properties. 25972020 2 8 from step 195:198 arg1 field 216:220 this field 211:220 this field 211:220 The introduction of functionality into pure cellulose might be one step forward in this field as it is one of the most abundant natural biopolymers. 25972020 2 9 theme pure 167:170 arg1 cellulose 172:180 pure cellulose 167:180 pure cellulose 167:180 The introduction of functionality into pure cellulose might be one step forward in this field as it is one of the most abundant natural biopolymers. 25972020 2 10 theme biopolymers 264:274 arg1 biopolymers 264:274 the most abundant natural biopolymers 238:274 the most abundant natural biopolymers 238:274 The introduction of functionality into pure cellulose might be one step forward in this field as it is one of the most abundant natural biopolymers. 25972020 2 10 theme biopolymers 264:274 arg1 one 231:233 one 231:233 one 231:233 The introduction of functionality into pure cellulose might be one step forward in this field as it is one of the most abundant natural biopolymers. 25972020 3 11 with membranes 386:394 arg1 porosity 420:427 porosity 420:427 porosity 420:427 In this paper, we demonstrate a straightforward and scalable way to produce iridescent, mesoporous cellulose membranes with tunable colors and porosity. 25972020 3 11 with membranes 386:394 arg1 colors 409:414 tunable colors 401:414 tunable colors 401:414 In this paper, we demonstrate a straightforward and scalable way to produce iridescent, mesoporous cellulose membranes with tunable colors and porosity. 25972020 4 12 theme tunable 590:596 arg1 properties 606:615 tunable optical properties 590:615 tunable optical properties 590:615 Concomitant assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and condensation of silica precursors results in CNC-silica composites with chiral nematic structures and tunable optical properties. 25972020 5 13 theme CNMC 748:751 arg1 films 754:758 novel chiral nematic mesoporous cellulose (CNMC) films 705:758 novel chiral nematic mesoporous cellulose (CNMC) films 705:758 Removal of the stabilizing silica matrix by alkaline or acid treatment gives access to novel chiral nematic mesoporous cellulose (CNMC) films. 25972020 4 14 theme nanocrystals 464:475 arg1 assembly 442:449 Concomitant assembly 430:449 Concomitant assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 430:482 Concomitant assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and condensation of silica precursors results in CNC-silica composites with chiral nematic structures and tunable optical properties. 25972020 4 14 theme nanocrystals 464:475 arg1 condensation 488:499 condensation 488:499 condensation 488:499 Concomitant assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and condensation of silica precursors results in CNC-silica composites with chiral nematic structures and tunable optical properties. 25972020 1 15 theme sustainable 72:82 arg1 materials 95:103 sustainable functional materials 72:103 sustainable functional materials 72:103 Demand for sustainable functional materials has never been larger. 25972020 3 16 theme scalable 329:336 arg1 way 338:340 a straightforward and scalable way 307:340 a straightforward and scalable way to produce iridescent, mesoporous cellulose membranes with tunable colors and porosity 307:427 In this paper, we demonstrate a straightforward and scalable way to produce iridescent, mesoporous cellulose membranes with tunable colors and porosity. 25972020 2 17 theme functionality 148:160 arg1 introduction 132:143 The introduction 128:143 The introduction of functionality into pure cellulose 128:180 The introduction of functionality into pure cellulose might be one step forward in this field as it is one of the most abundant natural biopolymers. 25972020 2 17 theme functionality 148:160 arg1 step 195:198 one step forward 191:206 one step forward in this field 191:220 The introduction of functionality into pure cellulose might be one step forward in this field as it is one of the most abundant natural biopolymers. 25972020 5 18 theme stabilizing 633:643 arg1 matrix 652:657 the stabilizing silica matrix 629:657 the stabilizing silica matrix 629:657 Removal of the stabilizing silica matrix by alkaline or acid treatment gives access to novel chiral nematic mesoporous cellulose (CNMC) films. 25972020 8 19 from water 1152:1156 arg1 stable 1142:1147 stable 1142:1147 stable 1142:1147 These materials are stable in water and can potentially function in sensors, tissue engineering or functional membranes. 25972020 1 20 theme functional 84:93 arg1 materials 95:103 sustainable functional materials 72:103 sustainable functional materials 72:103 Demand for sustainable functional materials has never been larger. 25972020 6 21 theme self-assembly 943:955 arg1 process 957:963 the evaporation-induced self-assembly process 919:963 the evaporation-induced self-assembly process 919:963 Importantly, the optical properties and the mesoporosity can be controlled by either varying the silica-to-CNC ratio, or by varying the substrate used during the evaporation-induced self-assembly process. 25972020 0 22 theme tunable 10:16 arg1 films 54:58 Optically tunable chiral nematic mesoporous cellulose films 0:58 Optically tunable chiral nematic mesoporous cellulose films 0:58 Optically tunable chiral nematic mesoporous cellulose films. 25972020 5 23 theme silica 645:650 arg1 matrix 652:657 the stabilizing silica matrix 629:657 the stabilizing silica matrix 629:657 Removal of the stabilizing silica matrix by alkaline or acid treatment gives access to novel chiral nematic mesoporous cellulose (CNMC) films. 25972020 7 24 with nanoparticles 1051:1063 arg1 concentrations 1086:1099 three different concentrations 1070:1099 three different concentrations 1070:1099 In order to introduce additional functionality, CNMC has been used to stabilize gold nanoparticles with three different concentrations by wet impregnation. 25972020 3 25 theme mesoporous 365:374 arg1 membranes 386:394 mesoporous cellulose membranes 365:394 mesoporous cellulose membranes with tunable colors and porosity 365:427 In this paper, we demonstrate a straightforward and scalable way to produce iridescent, mesoporous cellulose membranes with tunable colors and porosity. 25972020 3 25 theme mesoporous 365:374 arg1 iridescent 353:362 iridescent 353:362 iridescent 353:362 In this paper, we demonstrate a straightforward and scalable way to produce iridescent, mesoporous cellulose membranes with tunable colors and porosity. 25972020 6 26 dep by 836:837 arg1 either 839:844 either 839:844 either 839:844 Importantly, the optical properties and the mesoporosity can be controlled by either varying the silica-to-CNC ratio, or by varying the substrate used during the evaporation-induced self-assembly process. 25972020 5 27 theme matrix 652:657 arg1 Removal 618:624 Removal 618:624 Removal of the stabilizing silica matrix by alkaline or acid treatment 618:687 Removal of the stabilizing silica matrix by alkaline or acid treatment gives access to novel chiral nematic mesoporous cellulose (CNMC) films. 25972020 6 28 theme optical 778:784 arg1 properties 786:795 the optical properties 774:795 the optical properties 774:795 Importantly, the optical properties and the mesoporosity can be controlled by either varying the silica-to-CNC ratio, or by varying the substrate used during the evaporation-induced self-assembly process. 25972020 0 29 theme nematic 25:31 arg1 films 54:58 Optically tunable chiral nematic mesoporous cellulose films 0:58 Optically tunable chiral nematic mesoporous cellulose films 0:58 Optically tunable chiral nematic mesoporous cellulose films. 25972020 6 30 dep controlled 825:834 arg1 varying 885:891 varying 885:891 varying the substrate used during the evaporation-induced self-assembly process 885:963 Importantly, the optical properties and the mesoporosity can be controlled by either varying the silica-to-CNC ratio, or by varying the substrate used during the evaporation-induced self-assembly process. 25972020 6 30 dep controlled 825:834 arg1 varying 846:852 varying 846:852 varying the silica-to-CNC ratio 846:876 Importantly, the optical properties and the mesoporosity can be controlled by either varying the silica-to-CNC ratio, or by varying the substrate used during the evaporation-induced self-assembly process. 25972020 6 30 dep controlled 825:834 arg1 by 836:837 by 836:837 by 836:837 Importantly, the optical properties and the mesoporosity can be controlled by either varying the silica-to-CNC ratio, or by varying the substrate used during the evaporation-induced self-assembly process. 25972020 5 31 theme novel 705:709 arg1 films 754:758 novel chiral nematic mesoporous cellulose (CNMC) films 705:758 novel chiral nematic mesoporous cellulose (CNMC) films 705:758 Removal of the stabilizing silica matrix by alkaline or acid treatment gives access to novel chiral nematic mesoporous cellulose (CNMC) films. 25972020 0 32 theme chiral 18:23 arg1 films 54:58 Optically tunable chiral nematic mesoporous cellulose films 0:58 Optically tunable chiral nematic mesoporous cellulose films 0:58 Optically tunable chiral nematic mesoporous cellulose films. 25972020 4 33 theme nematic 567:573 arg1 structures 575:584 chiral nematic structures 560:584 chiral nematic structures 560:584 Concomitant assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and condensation of silica precursors results in CNC-silica composites with chiral nematic structures and tunable optical properties. 25972020 2 34 theme natural 256:262 arg1 biopolymers 264:274 the most abundant natural biopolymers 238:274 the most abundant natural biopolymers 238:274 The introduction of functionality into pure cellulose might be one step forward in this field as it is one of the most abundant natural biopolymers. 25972020 0 35 theme cellulose 44:52 arg1 films 54:58 Optically tunable chiral nematic mesoporous cellulose films 0:58 Optically tunable chiral nematic mesoporous cellulose films 0:58 Optically tunable chiral nematic mesoporous cellulose films. 25972020 4 36 theme chiral 560:565 arg1 structures 575:584 chiral nematic structures 560:584 chiral nematic structures 560:584 Concomitant assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and condensation of silica precursors results in CNC-silica composites with chiral nematic structures and tunable optical properties. 25972020 5 37 theme nematic 718:724 arg1 films 754:758 novel chiral nematic mesoporous cellulose (CNMC) films 705:758 novel chiral nematic mesoporous cellulose (CNMC) films 705:758 Removal of the stabilizing silica matrix by alkaline or acid treatment gives access to novel chiral nematic mesoporous cellulose (CNMC) films. 25972020 4 38 theme Concomitant 430:440 arg1 assembly 442:449 Concomitant assembly 430:449 Concomitant assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 430:482 Concomitant assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and condensation of silica precursors results in CNC-silica composites with chiral nematic structures and tunable optical properties. 25972020 0 39 theme mesoporous 33:42 arg1 films 54:58 Optically tunable chiral nematic mesoporous cellulose films 0:58 Optically tunable chiral nematic mesoporous cellulose films 0:58 Optically tunable chiral nematic mesoporous cellulose films. 25972020 3 40 theme tunable 401:407 arg1 colors 409:414 tunable colors 401:414 tunable colors 401:414 In this paper, we demonstrate a straightforward and scalable way to produce iridescent, mesoporous cellulose membranes with tunable colors and porosity. 25972020 4 41 theme cellulose 454:462 arg1 CNCs 478:481 CNCs 478:481 CNCs 478:481 Concomitant assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and condensation of silica precursors results in CNC-silica composites with chiral nematic structures and tunable optical properties. 25972020 4 41 theme cellulose 454:462 arg1 nanocrystals 464:475 cellulose nanocrystals 454:475 cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 454:482 Concomitant assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and condensation of silica precursors results in CNC-silica composites with chiral nematic structures and tunable optical properties. 25972020 8 42 theme functional 1221:1230 arg1 membranes 1232:1240 functional membranes 1221:1240 functional membranes 1221:1240 These materials are stable in water and can potentially function in sensors, tissue engineering or functional membranes. 25972020 3 43 theme cellulose 376:384 arg1 membranes 386:394 mesoporous cellulose membranes 365:394 mesoporous cellulose membranes with tunable colors and porosity 365:427 In this paper, we demonstrate a straightforward and scalable way to produce iridescent, mesoporous cellulose membranes with tunable colors and porosity. 25972020 3 43 theme cellulose 376:384 arg1 iridescent 353:362 iridescent 353:362 iridescent 353:362 In this paper, we demonstrate a straightforward and scalable way to produce iridescent, mesoporous cellulose membranes with tunable colors and porosity. 25972020 4 44 theme precursors 511:520 arg1 assembly 442:449 Concomitant assembly 430:449 Concomitant assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 430:482 Concomitant assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and condensation of silica precursors results in CNC-silica composites with chiral nematic structures and tunable optical properties. 25972020 4 44 theme precursors 511:520 arg1 condensation 488:499 condensation 488:499 condensation 488:499 Concomitant assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and condensation of silica precursors results in CNC-silica composites with chiral nematic structures and tunable optical properties. 25972020 7 45 theme wet 1104:1106 arg1 impregnation 1108:1119 wet impregnation 1104:1119 wet impregnation 1104:1119 In order to introduce additional functionality, CNMC has been used to stabilize gold nanoparticles with three different concentrations by wet impregnation. 25972020 4 46 with composites 544:553 arg1 structures 575:584 chiral nematic structures 560:584 chiral nematic structures 560:584 Concomitant assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and condensation of silica precursors results in CNC-silica composites with chiral nematic structures and tunable optical properties. 25972020 4 46 with composites 544:553 arg1 properties 606:615 tunable optical properties 590:615 tunable optical properties 590:615 Concomitant assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and condensation of silica precursors results in CNC-silica composites with chiral nematic structures and tunable optical properties. 25972020 7 47 theme different 1076:1084 arg1 concentrations 1086:1099 three different concentrations 1070:1099 three different concentrations 1070:1099 In order to introduce additional functionality, CNMC has been used to stabilize gold nanoparticles with three different concentrations by wet impregnation. 25972020 5 48 theme mesoporous 726:735 arg1 films 754:758 novel chiral nematic mesoporous cellulose (CNMC) films 705:758 novel chiral nematic mesoporous cellulose (CNMC) films 705:758 Removal of the stabilizing silica matrix by alkaline or acid treatment gives access to novel chiral nematic mesoporous cellulose (CNMC) films. 25972020 4 49 theme CNC-silica 533:542 arg1 composites 544:553 CNC-silica composites 533:553 CNC-silica composites with chiral nematic structures and tunable optical properties 533:615 Concomitant assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and condensation of silica precursors results in CNC-silica composites with chiral nematic structures and tunable optical properties. 25972020 6 50 theme silica-to-CNC 858:870 arg1 ratio 872:876 the silica-to-CNC ratio 854:876 the silica-to-CNC ratio 854:876 Importantly, the optical properties and the mesoporosity can be controlled by either varying the silica-to-CNC ratio, or by varying the substrate used during the evaporation-induced self-assembly process. 25972020 6 51 theme evaporation-induced 923:941 arg1 process 957:963 the evaporation-induced self-assembly process 919:963 the evaporation-induced self-assembly process 919:963 Importantly, the optical properties and the mesoporosity can be controlled by either varying the silica-to-CNC ratio, or by varying the substrate used during the evaporation-induced self-assembly process. 25972020 2 52 theme abundant 247:254 arg1 biopolymers 264:274 the most abundant natural biopolymers 238:274 the most abundant natural biopolymers 238:274 The introduction of functionality into pure cellulose might be one step forward in this field as it is one of the most abundant natural biopolymers. 25972020 2 53 theme forward 200:206 arg1 introduction 132:143 The introduction 128:143 The introduction of functionality into pure cellulose 128:180 The introduction of functionality into pure cellulose might be one step forward in this field as it is one of the most abundant natural biopolymers. 25972020 2 53 theme forward 200:206 arg1 step 195:198 one step forward 191:206 one step forward in this field 191:220 The introduction of functionality into pure cellulose might be one step forward in this field as it is one of the most abundant natural biopolymers. 25972020 8 54 theme tissue 1199:1204 arg1 engineering 1206:1216 tissue engineering 1199:1216 tissue engineering 1199:1216 These materials are stable in water and can potentially function in sensors, tissue engineering or functional membranes. 25972020 7 55 used used 1028:1031 arg2 CNMC 1014:1017 CNMC 1014:1017 CNMC 1014:1017 In order to introduce additional functionality, CNMC has been used to stabilize gold nanoparticles with three different concentrations by wet impregnation. 25972020 3 56 theme straightforward 309:323 arg1 way 338:340 a straightforward and scalable way 307:340 a straightforward and scalable way to produce iridescent, mesoporous cellulose membranes with tunable colors and porosity 307:427 In this paper, we demonstrate a straightforward and scalable way to produce iridescent, mesoporous cellulose membranes with tunable colors and porosity. 25972020 7 57 theme additional 988:997 arg1 functionality 999:1011 additional functionality 988:1011 additional functionality 988:1011 In order to introduce additional functionality, CNMC has been used to stabilize gold nanoparticles with three different concentrations by wet impregnation. 29203414 9 0 theme SPIONs 2060:2065 arg1 development 2045:2055 the development 2041:2055 the development of SPIONs with improved safety profiles 2041:2095 Taken together, our findings offer physicochemical insight into how key compositional factors and nanoparticle size distribution affect SPION-induced CARPA, a knowledge that could lead to the development of SPIONs with improved safety profiles. 29203414 7 1 from activation 1464:1473 arg1 man 1518:1520 man 1518:1520 man 1518:1520 Consistent with the strong C activation by Sinerem and previous reports of HSRs in man, injection of Sinerem in a pig led to dose-dependent CARPA, while Resovist was reaction-free. 29203414 3 2 theme human 708:712 arg1 serum 714:718 a human serum 706:718 a human serum that is known to react to nanoparticles (NPs) with strong C activation 706:789 In order to explore the roles of iron core composition and particle surface coating in SPION-induced CARPA, we measured C activation by 6 different SPIONs in a human serum that is known to react to nanoparticles (NPs) with strong C activation. 29203414 8 3 theme tracking 1635:1642 arg1 analysis 1644:1651 nanoparticle tracking analysis 1622:1651 nanoparticle tracking analysis 1622:1651 Using nanoparticle tracking analysis, it was further determined that Sinerem, more than Resovist, displayed multimodal size distribution and significant fraction of aggregates - factors which are known to promote C activation and CARPA. 29203414 5 4 theme individual 1164:1173 arg1 substantial 1216:1226 substantial 1216:1226 substantial 1216:1226 Focusing on Resovist and Sinerem, we found Sinerem to be a stronger activator of C than Resovist, although the individual variation in 15 different human sera was substantial. 29203414 5 4 theme individual 1164:1173 arg1 variation 1175:1183 the individual variation 1160:1183 the individual variation in 15 different human sera 1160:1210 Focusing on Resovist and Sinerem, we found Sinerem to be a stronger activator of C than Resovist, although the individual variation in 15 different human sera was substantial. 29203414 6 5 theme alternative 1383:1393 arg1 activation 1405:1414 alternative pathway C activation 1383:1414 alternative pathway C activation 1383:1414 Further analysis of C activation by Sinerem indicated biphasic dose dependence and significant production of C split product Bb but not C4d, attesting to alternative pathway C activation only at low doses. 29203414 9 6 theme compositional 1925:1937 arg1 factors 1939:1945 key compositional factors 1921:1945 key compositional factors 1921:1945 Taken together, our findings offer physicochemical insight into how key compositional factors and nanoparticle size distribution affect SPION-induced CARPA, a knowledge that could lead to the development of SPIONs with improved safety profiles. 29203414 1 7 theme magnetic 199:206 arg1 properties 208:217 The unique magnetic properties 188:217 The unique magnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) 188:272 The unique magnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have led to their increasing use in drug delivery and imaging applications. 29203414 7 8 theme dose-dependent 1560:1573 arg1 CARPA 1575:1579 dose-dependent CARPA 1560:1579 dose-dependent CARPA 1560:1579 Consistent with the strong C activation by Sinerem and previous reports of HSRs in man, injection of Sinerem in a pig led to dose-dependent CARPA, while Resovist was reaction-free. 29203414 6 9 theme dose 1292:1295 arg1 dependence 1297:1306 biphasic dose dependence 1283:1306 biphasic dose dependence 1283:1306 Further analysis of C activation by Sinerem indicated biphasic dose dependence and significant production of C split product Bb but not C4d, attesting to alternative pathway C activation only at low doses. 29203414 4 10 theme chitosan-coated 1010:1024 arg1 SPIONs 1026:1031 chitosan-coated SPIONs 1010:1031 chitosan-coated SPIONs 1010:1031 Remarkably, only the carboxymethyldextran-coated (ferucarbotran, Resosvist®) and dextran-coated (ferumoxtran-10, Sinerem®) SPIONs caused significant C activation, while the citric acid, phosphatidylcholine, starch and chitosan-coated SPIONs had no such effect. 29203414 1 11 theme iron 240:243 arg1 SPIONs 266:271 SPIONs 266:271 SPIONs 266:271 The unique magnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have led to their increasing use in drug delivery and imaging applications. 29203414 1 11 theme iron 240:243 arg1 nanoparticles 251:263 superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles 222:263 superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) 222:272 The unique magnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have led to their increasing use in drug delivery and imaging applications. 29203414 1 12 theme increasing 292:301 arg1 use 303:305 their increasing use 286:305 their increasing use in drug delivery and imaging applications 286:347 The unique magnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have led to their increasing use in drug delivery and imaging applications. 29203414 5 13 from variation 1175:1183 arg1 sera 1207:1210 15 different human sera 1188:1210 15 different human sera 1188:1210 Focusing on Resovist and Sinerem, we found Sinerem to be a stronger activator of C than Resovist, although the individual variation in 15 different human sera was substantial. 29203414 3 14 theme iron 581:584 arg1 composition 591:601 iron core composition 581:601 iron core composition 581:601 In order to explore the roles of iron core composition and particle surface coating in SPION-induced CARPA, we measured C activation by 6 different SPIONs in a human serum that is known to react to nanoparticles (NPs) with strong C activation. 29203414 8 15 theme more 1694:1697 arg1 Sinerem 1685:1691 Sinerem 1685:1691 Sinerem 1685:1691 Using nanoparticle tracking analysis, it was further determined that Sinerem, more than Resovist, displayed multimodal size distribution and significant fraction of aggregates - factors which are known to promote C activation and CARPA. 29203414 7 16 theme Sinerem 1536:1542 arg1 injection 1523:1531 injection 1523:1531 injection of Sinerem in a pig 1523:1551 Consistent with the strong C activation by Sinerem and previous reports of HSRs in man, injection of Sinerem in a pig led to dose-dependent CARPA, while Resovist was reaction-free. 29203414 6 17 theme C 1249:1249 arg1 activation 1251:1260 C activation 1249:1260 C activation by Sinerem 1249:1271 Further analysis of C activation by Sinerem indicated biphasic dose dependence and significant production of C split product Bb but not C4d, attesting to alternative pathway C activation only at low doses. 29203414 3 18 theme coating 624:630 arg1 roles 572:576 the roles 568:576 the roles of iron core composition and particle surface coating in SPION-induced CARPA 568:653 In order to explore the roles of iron core composition and particle surface coating in SPION-induced CARPA, we measured C activation by 6 different SPIONs in a human serum that is known to react to nanoparticles (NPs) with strong C activation. 29203414 7 19 with Consistent 1435:1444 arg1 reports 1499:1505 previous reports 1490:1505 previous reports of HSRs in man 1490:1520 Consistent with the strong C activation by Sinerem and previous reports of HSRs in man, injection of Sinerem in a pig led to dose-dependent CARPA, while Resovist was reaction-free. 29203414 7 19 with Consistent 1435:1444 arg1 activation 1464:1473 the strong C activation 1451:1473 the strong C activation by Sinerem 1451:1484 Consistent with the strong C activation by Sinerem and previous reports of HSRs in man, injection of Sinerem in a pig led to dose-dependent CARPA, while Resovist was reaction-free. 29203414 3 20 from roles 572:576 arg1 CARPA 649:653 SPION-induced CARPA 635:653 SPION-induced CARPA 635:653 In order to explore the roles of iron core composition and particle surface coating in SPION-induced CARPA, we measured C activation by 6 different SPIONs in a human serum that is known to react to nanoparticles (NPs) with strong C activation. 29203414 6 21 theme product 1346:1352 arg1 Bb 1354:1355 C split product Bb 1338:1355 C split product Bb 1338:1355 Further analysis of C activation by Sinerem indicated biphasic dose dependence and significant production of C split product Bb but not C4d, attesting to alternative pathway C activation only at low doses. 29203414 3 22 theme particle 607:614 arg1 coating 624:630 particle surface coating 607:630 particle surface coating 607:630 In order to explore the roles of iron core composition and particle surface coating in SPION-induced CARPA, we measured C activation by 6 different SPIONs in a human serum that is known to react to nanoparticles (NPs) with strong C activation. 29203414 0 23 theme clinical 166:173 arg1 information 175:185 clinical information 166:185 clinical information 166:185 Complement activation in vitro and reactogenicity of low-molecular weight dextran-coated SPIONs in the pig CARPA model: Correlation with physicochemical features and clinical information. 29203414 9 24 theme improved 2072:2079 arg1 profiles 2088:2095 improved safety profiles 2072:2095 improved safety profiles 2072:2095 Taken together, our findings offer physicochemical insight into how key compositional factors and nanoparticle size distribution affect SPION-induced CARPA, a knowledge that could lead to the development of SPIONs with improved safety profiles. 29203414 0 25 theme SPIONs 89:94 arg1 reactogenicity 35:48 reactogenicity 35:48 reactogenicity 35:48 Complement activation in vitro and reactogenicity of low-molecular weight dextran-coated SPIONs in the pig CARPA model: Correlation with physicochemical features and clinical information. 29203414 0 25 theme SPIONs 89:94 arg1 activation 11:20 Complement activation 0:20 Complement activation in vitro 0:29 Complement activation in vitro and reactogenicity of low-molecular weight dextran-coated SPIONs in the pig CARPA model: Correlation with physicochemical features and clinical information. 29203414 8 26 theme size 1735:1738 arg1 distribution 1740:1751 multimodal size distribution 1724:1751 multimodal size distribution 1724:1751 Using nanoparticle tracking analysis, it was further determined that Sinerem, more than Resovist, displayed multimodal size distribution and significant fraction of aggregates - factors which are known to promote C activation and CARPA. 29203414 7 27 theme HSRs 1510:1513 arg1 reports 1499:1505 previous reports 1490:1505 previous reports of HSRs in man 1490:1520 Consistent with the strong C activation by Sinerem and previous reports of HSRs in man, injection of Sinerem in a pig led to dose-dependent CARPA, while Resovist was reaction-free. 29203414 7 27 theme HSRs 1510:1513 arg1 activation 1464:1473 the strong C activation 1451:1473 the strong C activation by Sinerem 1451:1484 Consistent with the strong C activation by Sinerem and previous reports of HSRs in man, injection of Sinerem in a pig led to dose-dependent CARPA, while Resovist was reaction-free. 29203414 3 28 theme C 778:778 arg1 activation 780:789 strong C activation 771:789 strong C activation 771:789 In order to explore the roles of iron core composition and particle surface coating in SPION-induced CARPA, we measured C activation by 6 different SPIONs in a human serum that is known to react to nanoparticles (NPs) with strong C activation. 29203414 4 29 contain had 1033:1035 arg1 starch 999:1004 starch 999:1004 starch 999:1004 Remarkably, only the carboxymethyldextran-coated (ferucarbotran, Resosvist®) and dextran-coated (ferumoxtran-10, Sinerem®) SPIONs caused significant C activation, while the citric acid, phosphatidylcholine, starch and chitosan-coated SPIONs had no such effect. 29203414 4 29 contain had 1033:1035 arg1 SPIONs 1026:1031 chitosan-coated SPIONs 1010:1031 chitosan-coated SPIONs 1010:1031 Remarkably, only the carboxymethyldextran-coated (ferucarbotran, Resosvist®) and dextran-coated (ferumoxtran-10, Sinerem®) SPIONs caused significant C activation, while the citric acid, phosphatidylcholine, starch and chitosan-coated SPIONs had no such effect. 29203414 4 29 contain had 1033:1035 arg1 phosphatidylcholine 978:996 phosphatidylcholine 978:996 phosphatidylcholine 978:996 Remarkably, only the carboxymethyldextran-coated (ferucarbotran, Resosvist®) and dextran-coated (ferumoxtran-10, Sinerem®) SPIONs caused significant C activation, while the citric acid, phosphatidylcholine, starch and chitosan-coated SPIONs had no such effect. 29203414 4 29 contain had 1033:1035 arg2 effect 1045:1050 no such effect 1037:1050 no such effect 1037:1050 Remarkably, only the carboxymethyldextran-coated (ferucarbotran, Resosvist®) and dextran-coated (ferumoxtran-10, Sinerem®) SPIONs caused significant C activation, while the citric acid, phosphatidylcholine, starch and chitosan-coated SPIONs had no such effect. 29203414 4 29 contain had 1033:1035 arg1 acid 972:975 the citric acid 961:975 the citric acid 961:975 Remarkably, only the carboxymethyldextran-coated (ferucarbotran, Resosvist®) and dextran-coated (ferumoxtran-10, Sinerem®) SPIONs caused significant C activation, while the citric acid, phosphatidylcholine, starch and chitosan-coated SPIONs had no such effect. 29203414 4 30 theme C 941:941 arg1 activation 943:952 significant C activation 929:952 significant C activation 929:952 Remarkably, only the carboxymethyldextran-coated (ferucarbotran, Resosvist®) and dextran-coated (ferumoxtran-10, Sinerem®) SPIONs caused significant C activation, while the citric acid, phosphatidylcholine, starch and chitosan-coated SPIONs had no such effect. 29203414 9 31 theme size 1964:1967 arg1 distribution 1969:1980 nanoparticle size distribution 1951:1980 nanoparticle size distribution 1951:1980 Taken together, our findings offer physicochemical insight into how key compositional factors and nanoparticle size distribution affect SPION-induced CARPA, a knowledge that could lead to the development of SPIONs with improved safety profiles. 29203414 2 32 theme other 403:407 arg1 nanoparticles 409:421 many other nanoparticles 398:421 many other nanoparticles 398:421 Some polymer-coated SPIONs, however, share with many other nanoparticles the potential of causing hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) known as complement (C) activation-related pseudoallergy (CARPA). 29203414 0 33 theme CARPA 107:111 arg1 model 113:117 the pig CARPA model 99:117 the pig CARPA model 99:117 Complement activation in vitro and reactogenicity of low-molecular weight dextran-coated SPIONs in the pig CARPA model: Correlation with physicochemical features and clinical information. 29203414 0 34 theme dextran-coated 74:87 arg1 SPIONs 89:94 low-molecular weight dextran-coated SPIONs 53:94 low-molecular weight dextran-coated SPIONs 53:94 Complement activation in vitro and reactogenicity of low-molecular weight dextran-coated SPIONs in the pig CARPA model: Correlation with physicochemical features and clinical information. 29203414 0 35 theme Complement 0:9 arg1 activation 11:20 Complement activation 0:20 Complement activation in vitro 0:29 Complement activation in vitro and reactogenicity of low-molecular weight dextran-coated SPIONs in the pig CARPA model: Correlation with physicochemical features and clinical information. 29203414 8 36 theme aggregates 1781:1790 arg1 distribution 1740:1751 multimodal size distribution 1724:1751 multimodal size distribution 1724:1751 Using nanoparticle tracking analysis, it was further determined that Sinerem, more than Resovist, displayed multimodal size distribution and significant fraction of aggregates - factors which are known to promote C activation and CARPA. 29203414 8 36 theme aggregates 1781:1790 arg1 fraction 1769:1776 significant fraction 1757:1776 significant fraction 1757:1776 Using nanoparticle tracking analysis, it was further determined that Sinerem, more than Resovist, displayed multimodal size distribution and significant fraction of aggregates - factors which are known to promote C activation and CARPA. 29203414 2 37 theme hypersensitivity 448:463 arg1 reactions 465:473 hypersensitivity reactions 448:473 hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) known as complement (C) activation-related pseudoallergy (CARPA) 448:545 Some polymer-coated SPIONs, however, share with many other nanoparticles the potential of causing hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) known as complement (C) activation-related pseudoallergy (CARPA). 29203414 2 37 theme hypersensitivity 448:463 arg1 HSRs 476:479 HSRs 476:479 HSRs 476:479 Some polymer-coated SPIONs, however, share with many other nanoparticles the potential of causing hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) known as complement (C) activation-related pseudoallergy (CARPA). 29203414 7 38 from reports 1499:1505 arg1 man 1518:1520 man 1518:1520 man 1518:1520 Consistent with the strong C activation by Sinerem and previous reports of HSRs in man, injection of Sinerem in a pig led to dose-dependent CARPA, while Resovist was reaction-free. 29203414 0 39 theme weight 67:72 arg1 SPIONs 89:94 low-molecular weight dextran-coated SPIONs 53:94 low-molecular weight dextran-coated SPIONs 53:94 Complement activation in vitro and reactogenicity of low-molecular weight dextran-coated SPIONs in the pig CARPA model: Correlation with physicochemical features and clinical information. 29203414 1 40 theme drug 310:313 arg1 delivery 315:322 drug delivery 310:322 drug delivery 310:322 The unique magnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have led to their increasing use in drug delivery and imaging applications. 29203414 7 41 from HSRs 1510:1513 arg1 man 1518:1520 man 1518:1520 man 1518:1520 Consistent with the strong C activation by Sinerem and previous reports of HSRs in man, injection of Sinerem in a pig led to dose-dependent CARPA, while Resovist was reaction-free. 29203414 4 42 dep dextran-coated 873:886 arg1 Sinerem® 905:912 Sinerem® 905:912 Sinerem® 905:912 Remarkably, only the carboxymethyldextran-coated (ferucarbotran, Resosvist®) and dextran-coated (ferumoxtran-10, Sinerem®) SPIONs caused significant C activation, while the citric acid, phosphatidylcholine, starch and chitosan-coated SPIONs had no such effect. 29203414 4 42 dep dextran-coated 873:886 arg1 ferumoxtran-10 889:902 ferumoxtran-10 889:902 ferumoxtran-10 889:902 Remarkably, only the carboxymethyldextran-coated (ferucarbotran, Resosvist®) and dextran-coated (ferumoxtran-10, Sinerem®) SPIONs caused significant C activation, while the citric acid, phosphatidylcholine, starch and chitosan-coated SPIONs had no such effect. 29203414 2 43 theme polymer-coated 355:368 arg1 SPIONs 370:375 Some polymer-coated SPIONs 350:375 Some polymer-coated SPIONs 350:375 Some polymer-coated SPIONs, however, share with many other nanoparticles the potential of causing hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) known as complement (C) activation-related pseudoallergy (CARPA). 29203414 5 44 theme stronger 1112:1119 arg1 activator 1121:1129 a stronger activator 1110:1129 a stronger activator of C than Resovist 1110:1148 Focusing on Resovist and Sinerem, we found Sinerem to be a stronger activator of C than Resovist, although the individual variation in 15 different human sera was substantial. 29203414 5 44 theme stronger 1112:1119 arg1 Sinerem 1096:1102 Sinerem 1096:1102 Sinerem 1096:1102 Focusing on Resovist and Sinerem, we found Sinerem to be a stronger activator of C than Resovist, although the individual variation in 15 different human sera was substantial. 29203414 7 45 from man 1518:1520 arg1 reports 1499:1505 previous reports 1490:1505 previous reports of HSRs in man 1490:1520 Consistent with the strong C activation by Sinerem and previous reports of HSRs in man, injection of Sinerem in a pig led to dose-dependent CARPA, while Resovist was reaction-free. 29203414 7 45 from man 1518:1520 arg1 activation 1464:1473 the strong C activation 1451:1473 the strong C activation by Sinerem 1451:1484 Consistent with the strong C activation by Sinerem and previous reports of HSRs in man, injection of Sinerem in a pig led to dose-dependent CARPA, while Resovist was reaction-free. 29203414 7 46 theme strong 1455:1460 arg1 activation 1464:1473 the strong C activation 1451:1473 the strong C activation by Sinerem 1451:1484 Consistent with the strong C activation by Sinerem and previous reports of HSRs in man, injection of Sinerem in a pig led to dose-dependent CARPA, while Resovist was reaction-free. 29203414 1 47 theme oxide 245:249 arg1 SPIONs 266:271 SPIONs 266:271 SPIONs 266:271 The unique magnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have led to their increasing use in drug delivery and imaging applications. 29203414 1 47 theme oxide 245:249 arg1 nanoparticles 251:263 superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles 222:263 superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) 222:272 The unique magnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have led to their increasing use in drug delivery and imaging applications. 29203414 7 48 from injection 1523:1531 arg1 pig 1549:1551 a pig 1547:1551 a pig 1547:1551 Consistent with the strong C activation by Sinerem and previous reports of HSRs in man, injection of Sinerem in a pig led to dose-dependent CARPA, while Resovist was reaction-free. 29203414 6 49 theme low 1424:1426 arg1 doses 1428:1432 low doses 1424:1432 low doses 1424:1432 Further analysis of C activation by Sinerem indicated biphasic dose dependence and significant production of C split product Bb but not C4d, attesting to alternative pathway C activation only at low doses. 29203414 9 50 with SPIONs 2060:2065 arg1 profiles 2088:2095 improved safety profiles 2072:2095 improved safety profiles 2072:2095 Taken together, our findings offer physicochemical insight into how key compositional factors and nanoparticle size distribution affect SPION-induced CARPA, a knowledge that could lead to the development of SPIONs with improved safety profiles. 29203414 8 51 theme factors 1794:1800 arg1 distribution 1740:1751 multimodal size distribution 1724:1751 multimodal size distribution 1724:1751 Using nanoparticle tracking analysis, it was further determined that Sinerem, more than Resovist, displayed multimodal size distribution and significant fraction of aggregates - factors which are known to promote C activation and CARPA. 29203414 8 51 theme factors 1794:1800 arg1 fraction 1769:1776 significant fraction 1757:1776 significant fraction 1757:1776 Using nanoparticle tracking analysis, it was further determined that Sinerem, more than Resovist, displayed multimodal size distribution and significant fraction of aggregates - factors which are known to promote C activation and CARPA. 29203414 3 52 theme SPION-induced 635:647 arg1 CARPA 649:653 SPION-induced CARPA 635:653 SPION-induced CARPA 635:653 In order to explore the roles of iron core composition and particle surface coating in SPION-induced CARPA, we measured C activation by 6 different SPIONs in a human serum that is known to react to nanoparticles (NPs) with strong C activation. 29203414 4 53 theme such 1040:1043 arg1 effect 1045:1050 no such effect 1037:1050 no such effect 1037:1050 Remarkably, only the carboxymethyldextran-coated (ferucarbotran, Resosvist®) and dextran-coated (ferumoxtran-10, Sinerem®) SPIONs caused significant C activation, while the citric acid, phosphatidylcholine, starch and chitosan-coated SPIONs had no such effect. 29203414 6 54 theme Further 1229:1235 arg1 analysis 1237:1244 Further analysis 1229:1244 Further analysis of C activation by Sinerem 1229:1271 Further analysis of C activation by Sinerem indicated biphasic dose dependence and significant production of C split product Bb but not C4d, attesting to alternative pathway C activation only at low doses. 29203414 6 55 theme C 1403:1403 arg1 activation 1405:1414 alternative pathway C activation 1383:1414 alternative pathway C activation 1383:1414 Further analysis of C activation by Sinerem indicated biphasic dose dependence and significant production of C split product Bb but not C4d, attesting to alternative pathway C activation only at low doses. 29203414 9 56 theme safety 2081:2086 arg1 profiles 2088:2095 improved safety profiles 2072:2095 improved safety profiles 2072:2095 Taken together, our findings offer physicochemical insight into how key compositional factors and nanoparticle size distribution affect SPION-induced CARPA, a knowledge that could lead to the development of SPIONs with improved safety profiles. 29203414 1 57 from use 303:305 arg1 delivery 315:322 drug delivery 310:322 drug delivery 310:322 The unique magnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have led to their increasing use in drug delivery and imaging applications. 29203414 1 57 from use 303:305 arg1 applications 336:347 imaging applications 328:347 imaging applications 328:347 The unique magnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have led to their increasing use in drug delivery and imaging applications. 29203414 8 58 theme nanoparticle 1622:1633 arg1 analysis 1644:1651 nanoparticle tracking analysis 1622:1651 nanoparticle tracking analysis 1622:1651 Using nanoparticle tracking analysis, it was further determined that Sinerem, more than Resovist, displayed multimodal size distribution and significant fraction of aggregates - factors which are known to promote C activation and CARPA. 29203414 6 59 theme C 1338:1338 arg1 Bb 1354:1355 C split product Bb 1338:1355 C split product Bb 1338:1355 Further analysis of C activation by Sinerem indicated biphasic dose dependence and significant production of C split product Bb but not C4d, attesting to alternative pathway C activation only at low doses. 29203414 8 60 theme C 1829:1829 arg1 activation 1831:1840 C activation 1829:1840 C activation 1829:1840 Using nanoparticle tracking analysis, it was further determined that Sinerem, more than Resovist, displayed multimodal size distribution and significant fraction of aggregates - factors which are known to promote C activation and CARPA. 29203414 1 61 theme unique 192:197 arg1 properties 208:217 The unique magnetic properties 188:217 The unique magnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) 188:272 The unique magnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have led to their increasing use in drug delivery and imaging applications. 29203414 0 62 theme physicochemical 137:151 arg1 features 153:160 physicochemical features 137:160 physicochemical features 137:160 Complement activation in vitro and reactogenicity of low-molecular weight dextran-coated SPIONs in the pig CARPA model: Correlation with physicochemical features and clinical information. 29203414 3 63 theme core 586:589 arg1 composition 591:601 iron core composition 581:601 iron core composition 581:601 In order to explore the roles of iron core composition and particle surface coating in SPION-induced CARPA, we measured C activation by 6 different SPIONs in a human serum that is known to react to nanoparticles (NPs) with strong C activation. 29203414 1 64 theme superparamagnetic 222:238 arg1 SPIONs 266:271 SPIONs 266:271 SPIONs 266:271 The unique magnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have led to their increasing use in drug delivery and imaging applications. 29203414 1 64 theme superparamagnetic 222:238 arg1 nanoparticles 251:263 superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles 222:263 superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) 222:272 The unique magnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have led to their increasing use in drug delivery and imaging applications. 29203414 9 65 theme physicochemical 1888:1902 arg1 insight 1904:1910 physicochemical insight 1888:1910 physicochemical insight into how key compositional factors and nanoparticle size distribution affect SPION-induced CARPA, a knowledge that could lead to the development of SPIONs with improved safety profiles 1888:2095 Taken together, our findings offer physicochemical insight into how key compositional factors and nanoparticle size distribution affect SPION-induced CARPA, a knowledge that could lead to the development of SPIONs with improved safety profiles. 29203414 6 66 theme activation 1251:1260 arg1 analysis 1237:1244 Further analysis 1229:1244 Further analysis of C activation by Sinerem 1229:1271 Further analysis of C activation by Sinerem indicated biphasic dose dependence and significant production of C split product Bb but not C4d, attesting to alternative pathway C activation only at low doses. 29203414 3 67 theme surface 616:622 arg1 coating 624:630 particle surface coating 607:630 particle surface coating 607:630 In order to explore the roles of iron core composition and particle surface coating in SPION-induced CARPA, we measured C activation by 6 different SPIONs in a human serum that is known to react to nanoparticles (NPs) with strong C activation. 29203414 0 68 with Correlation 120:130 arg1 features 153:160 physicochemical features 137:160 physicochemical features 137:160 Complement activation in vitro and reactogenicity of low-molecular weight dextran-coated SPIONs in the pig CARPA model: Correlation with physicochemical features and clinical information. 29203414 0 68 with Correlation 120:130 arg1 information 175:185 clinical information 166:185 clinical information 166:185 Complement activation in vitro and reactogenicity of low-molecular weight dextran-coated SPIONs in the pig CARPA model: Correlation with physicochemical features and clinical information. 29203414 3 69 theme strong 771:776 arg1 activation 780:789 strong C activation 771:789 strong C activation 771:789 In order to explore the roles of iron core composition and particle surface coating in SPION-induced CARPA, we measured C activation by 6 different SPIONs in a human serum that is known to react to nanoparticles (NPs) with strong C activation. 29203414 6 70 theme Bb 1354:1355 arg1 production 1324:1333 significant production 1312:1333 significant production of C split product Bb 1312:1355 Further analysis of C activation by Sinerem indicated biphasic dose dependence and significant production of C split product Bb but not C4d, attesting to alternative pathway C activation only at low doses. 29203414 6 70 theme Bb 1354:1355 arg1 C4d 1365:1367 C4d 1365:1367 C4d 1365:1367 Further analysis of C activation by Sinerem indicated biphasic dose dependence and significant production of C split product Bb but not C4d, attesting to alternative pathway C activation only at low doses. 29203414 6 70 theme Bb 1354:1355 arg1 dependence 1297:1306 biphasic dose dependence 1283:1306 biphasic dose dependence 1283:1306 Further analysis of C activation by Sinerem indicated biphasic dose dependence and significant production of C split product Bb but not C4d, attesting to alternative pathway C activation only at low doses. 29203414 9 71 theme key 1921:1923 arg1 factors 1939:1945 key compositional factors 1921:1945 key compositional factors 1921:1945 Taken together, our findings offer physicochemical insight into how key compositional factors and nanoparticle size distribution affect SPION-induced CARPA, a knowledge that could lead to the development of SPIONs with improved safety profiles. 29203414 5 72 theme human 1201:1205 arg1 sera 1207:1210 15 different human sera 1188:1210 15 different human sera 1188:1210 Focusing on Resovist and Sinerem, we found Sinerem to be a stronger activator of C than Resovist, although the individual variation in 15 different human sera was substantial. 29203414 6 73 theme split 1340:1344 arg1 Bb 1354:1355 C split product Bb 1338:1355 C split product Bb 1338:1355 Further analysis of C activation by Sinerem indicated biphasic dose dependence and significant production of C split product Bb but not C4d, attesting to alternative pathway C activation only at low doses. 29203414 0 74 from activation 11:20 arg1 model 113:117 the pig CARPA model 99:117 the pig CARPA model 99:117 Complement activation in vitro and reactogenicity of low-molecular weight dextran-coated SPIONs in the pig CARPA model: Correlation with physicochemical features and clinical information. 29203414 0 75 theme pig 103:105 arg1 model 113:117 the pig CARPA model 99:117 the pig CARPA model 99:117 Complement activation in vitro and reactogenicity of low-molecular weight dextran-coated SPIONs in the pig CARPA model: Correlation with physicochemical features and clinical information. 29203414 8 76 theme multimodal 1724:1733 arg1 distribution 1740:1751 multimodal size distribution 1724:1751 multimodal size distribution 1724:1751 Using nanoparticle tracking analysis, it was further determined that Sinerem, more than Resovist, displayed multimodal size distribution and significant fraction of aggregates - factors which are known to promote C activation and CARPA. 29203414 7 77 theme previous 1490:1497 arg1 reports 1499:1505 previous reports 1490:1505 previous reports of HSRs in man 1490:1520 Consistent with the strong C activation by Sinerem and previous reports of HSRs in man, injection of Sinerem in a pig led to dose-dependent CARPA, while Resovist was reaction-free. 29203414 9 78 theme nanoparticle 1951:1962 arg1 distribution 1969:1980 nanoparticle size distribution 1951:1980 nanoparticle size distribution 1951:1980 Taken together, our findings offer physicochemical insight into how key compositional factors and nanoparticle size distribution affect SPION-induced CARPA, a knowledge that could lead to the development of SPIONs with improved safety profiles. 29203414 6 79 theme significant 1312:1322 arg1 production 1324:1333 significant production 1312:1333 significant production of C split product Bb 1312:1355 Further analysis of C activation by Sinerem indicated biphasic dose dependence and significant production of C split product Bb but not C4d, attesting to alternative pathway C activation only at low doses. 29203414 2 80 theme activation-related 506:523 arg1 pseudoallergy 525:537 complement (C) activation-related pseudoallergy 491:537 complement (C) activation-related pseudoallergy (CARPA) 491:545 Some polymer-coated SPIONs, however, share with many other nanoparticles the potential of causing hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) known as complement (C) activation-related pseudoallergy (CARPA). 29203414 2 80 theme activation-related 506:523 arg1 CARPA 540:544 CARPA 540:544 CARPA 540:544 Some polymer-coated SPIONs, however, share with many other nanoparticles the potential of causing hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) known as complement (C) activation-related pseudoallergy (CARPA). 29203414 0 81 from reactogenicity 35:48 arg1 model 113:117 the pig CARPA model 99:117 the pig CARPA model 99:117 Complement activation in vitro and reactogenicity of low-molecular weight dextran-coated SPIONs in the pig CARPA model: Correlation with physicochemical features and clinical information. 29203414 2 82 theme many 398:401 arg1 nanoparticles 409:421 many other nanoparticles 398:421 many other nanoparticles 398:421 Some polymer-coated SPIONs, however, share with many other nanoparticles the potential of causing hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) known as complement (C) activation-related pseudoallergy (CARPA). 29203414 4 83 dep carboxymethyldextran-coated 813:839 arg1 SPIONs 915:920 SPIONs 915:920 SPIONs 915:920 Remarkably, only the carboxymethyldextran-coated (ferucarbotran, Resosvist®) and dextran-coated (ferumoxtran-10, Sinerem®) SPIONs caused significant C activation, while the citric acid, phosphatidylcholine, starch and chitosan-coated SPIONs had no such effect. 29203414 8 84 theme significant 1757:1767 arg1 fraction 1769:1776 significant fraction 1757:1776 significant fraction 1757:1776 Using nanoparticle tracking analysis, it was further determined that Sinerem, more than Resovist, displayed multimodal size distribution and significant fraction of aggregates - factors which are known to promote C activation and CARPA. 29203414 6 85 theme biphasic 1283:1290 arg1 dependence 1297:1306 biphasic dose dependence 1283:1306 biphasic dose dependence 1283:1306 Further analysis of C activation by Sinerem indicated biphasic dose dependence and significant production of C split product Bb but not C4d, attesting to alternative pathway C activation only at low doses. 29203414 9 86 theme SPION-induced 1989:2001 arg1 knowledge 2012:2020 a knowledge 2010:2020 a knowledge that could lead to the development of SPIONs with improved safety profiles 2010:2095 Taken together, our findings offer physicochemical insight into how key compositional factors and nanoparticle size distribution affect SPION-induced CARPA, a knowledge that could lead to the development of SPIONs with improved safety profiles. 29203414 9 86 theme SPION-induced 1989:2001 arg1 CARPA 2003:2007 SPION-induced CARPA 1989:2007 SPION-induced CARPA 1989:2007 Taken together, our findings offer physicochemical insight into how key compositional factors and nanoparticle size distribution affect SPION-induced CARPA, a knowledge that could lead to the development of SPIONs with improved safety profiles. 29203414 5 87 theme C 1134:1134 arg1 activator 1121:1129 a stronger activator 1110:1129 a stronger activator of C than Resovist 1110:1148 Focusing on Resovist and Sinerem, we found Sinerem to be a stronger activator of C than Resovist, although the individual variation in 15 different human sera was substantial. 29203414 5 87 theme C 1134:1134 arg1 Sinerem 1096:1102 Sinerem 1096:1102 Sinerem 1096:1102 Focusing on Resovist and Sinerem, we found Sinerem to be a stronger activator of C than Resovist, although the individual variation in 15 different human sera was substantial. 29203414 4 88 theme citric 965:970 arg1 acid 972:975 the citric acid 961:975 the citric acid 961:975 Remarkably, only the carboxymethyldextran-coated (ferucarbotran, Resosvist®) and dextran-coated (ferumoxtran-10, Sinerem®) SPIONs caused significant C activation, while the citric acid, phosphatidylcholine, starch and chitosan-coated SPIONs had no such effect. 29203414 4 89 theme significant 929:939 arg1 activation 943:952 significant C activation 929:952 significant C activation 929:952 Remarkably, only the carboxymethyldextran-coated (ferucarbotran, Resosvist®) and dextran-coated (ferumoxtran-10, Sinerem®) SPIONs caused significant C activation, while the citric acid, phosphatidylcholine, starch and chitosan-coated SPIONs had no such effect. 29203414 0 90 theme low-molecular 53:65 arg1 SPIONs 89:94 low-molecular weight dextran-coated SPIONs 53:94 low-molecular weight dextran-coated SPIONs 53:94 Complement activation in vitro and reactogenicity of low-molecular weight dextran-coated SPIONs in the pig CARPA model: Correlation with physicochemical features and clinical information. 29203414 3 91 theme C 668:668 arg1 activation 670:679 C activation 668:679 C activation 668:679 In order to explore the roles of iron core composition and particle surface coating in SPION-induced CARPA, we measured C activation by 6 different SPIONs in a human serum that is known to react to nanoparticles (NPs) with strong C activation. 29203414 1 92 theme imaging 328:334 arg1 applications 336:347 imaging applications 328:347 imaging applications 328:347 The unique magnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have led to their increasing use in drug delivery and imaging applications. 29203414 7 93 theme C 1462:1462 arg1 activation 1464:1473 the strong C activation 1451:1473 the strong C activation by Sinerem 1451:1484 Consistent with the strong C activation by Sinerem and previous reports of HSRs in man, injection of Sinerem in a pig led to dose-dependent CARPA, while Resovist was reaction-free. 29203414 3 94 theme composition 591:601 arg1 roles 572:576 the roles 568:576 the roles of iron core composition and particle surface coating in SPION-induced CARPA 568:653 In order to explore the roles of iron core composition and particle surface coating in SPION-induced CARPA, we measured C activation by 6 different SPIONs in a human serum that is known to react to nanoparticles (NPs) with strong C activation. 29203414 1 95 theme nanoparticles 251:263 arg1 properties 208:217 The unique magnetic properties 188:217 The unique magnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) 188:272 The unique magnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have led to their increasing use in drug delivery and imaging applications. 29203414 0 96 dep activation 11:20 arg1 Correlation 120:130 Correlation 120:130 Complement activation in vitro and reactogenicity of low-molecular weight dextran-coated SPIONs in the pig CARPA model: Correlation with physicochemical features and clinical information. 0:186 Complement activation in vitro and reactogenicity of low-molecular weight dextran-coated SPIONs in the pig CARPA model: Correlation with physicochemical features and clinical information. 29203414 3 97 theme different 686:694 arg1 SPIONs 696:701 6 different SPIONs 684:701 6 different SPIONs 684:701 In order to explore the roles of iron core composition and particle surface coating in SPION-induced CARPA, we measured C activation by 6 different SPIONs in a human serum that is known to react to nanoparticles (NPs) with strong C activation. 29203414 6 98 theme pathway 1395:1401 arg1 activation 1405:1414 alternative pathway C activation 1383:1414 alternative pathway C activation 1383:1414 Further analysis of C activation by Sinerem indicated biphasic dose dependence and significant production of C split product Bb but not C4d, attesting to alternative pathway C activation only at low doses. 29203414 5 99 theme different 1191:1199 arg1 sera 1207:1210 15 different human sera 1188:1210 15 different human sera 1188:1210 Focusing on Resovist and Sinerem, we found Sinerem to be a stronger activator of C than Resovist, although the individual variation in 15 different human sera was substantial. 28705499 7 0 theme test 1256:1259 arg1 constructs 1261:1270 all test constructs 1252:1270 all test constructs 1252:1270 A significant reduction in the log values was recorded for all test constructs, in comparison to the initial bacterial count (control value, i.e., 1.5×108 CFU/mL). 28705499 10 1 dep along 1630:1634 arg1 with 1636:1639 with 1636:1639 with 1636:1639 In summary, the highest antibacterial activities along with anti-cancer behavior both suggest the biomedical potentialities of newly engineered AgNPs and AgNPs-loaded chitosan-alginate constructs. 28705499 10 2 theme constructs 1766:1775 arg1 potentialities 1690:1703 the biomedical potentialities 1675:1703 the biomedical potentialities of newly engineered AgNPs and AgNPs-loaded chitosan-alginate constructs 1675:1775 In summary, the highest antibacterial activities along with anti-cancer behavior both suggest the biomedical potentialities of newly engineered AgNPs and AgNPs-loaded chitosan-alginate constructs. 28705499 2 3 theme UV-vis 260:265 arg1 profile 281:287 The UV-vis spectroscopic profile 256:287 The UV-vis spectroscopic profile 256:287 The UV-vis spectroscopic profile confirmed the synthesis of AgNPs using methanolic leaves extract of Euphorbia helioscopia. 28705499 8 4 theme cytotoxicity 1361:1372 arg1 profile 1374:1380 The cytotoxicity profile 1357:1380 The cytotoxicity profile 1357:1380 The cytotoxicity profile revealed complete biocompatibility against normal cell line i.e. L929. 28705499 2 5 theme methanolic 328:337 arg1 extract 346:352 methanolic leaves extract 328:352 methanolic leaves extract of Euphorbia helioscopia 328:377 The UV-vis spectroscopic profile confirmed the synthesis of AgNPs using methanolic leaves extract of Euphorbia helioscopia. 28705499 2 6 theme AgNPs 316:320 arg1 synthesis 303:311 the synthesis 299:311 the synthesis of AgNPs using methanolic leaves extract of Euphorbia helioscopia 299:377 The UV-vis spectroscopic profile confirmed the synthesis of AgNPs using methanolic leaves extract of Euphorbia helioscopia. 28705499 1 7 theme constructs 201:210 arg1 biosynthesis 121:132 a facile biosynthesis 112:132 a facile biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and AgNPs-loaded chitosan-alginate constructs with biomedical potentialities 112:241 Herein, a facile biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and AgNPs-loaded chitosan-alginate constructs with biomedical potentialities is reported. 28705499 10 8 theme antibacterial 1605:1617 arg1 activities 1619:1628 the highest antibacterial activities 1593:1628 the highest antibacterial activities along with anti-cancer behavior 1593:1660 In summary, the highest antibacterial activities along with anti-cancer behavior both suggest the biomedical potentialities of newly engineered AgNPs and AgNPs-loaded chitosan-alginate constructs. 28705499 2 9 theme Euphorbia 357:365 arg1 helioscopia 367:377 Euphorbia helioscopia 357:377 Euphorbia helioscopia 357:377 The UV-vis spectroscopic profile confirmed the synthesis of AgNPs using methanolic leaves extract of Euphorbia helioscopia. 28705499 1 10 theme biomedical 217:226 arg1 potentialities 228:241 biomedical potentialities 217:241 biomedical potentialities 217:241 Herein, a facile biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and AgNPs-loaded chitosan-alginate constructs with biomedical potentialities is reported. 28705499 6 11 theme AgNPs 952:956 arg1 activities 938:947 The anti-bacterial activities 919:947 The anti-bacterial activities of AgNPs and AgNPs loaded chitosan-alginate constructs 919:1002 The anti-bacterial activities of AgNPs and AgNPs loaded chitosan-alginate constructs were tested against six bacterial strains i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Morganella morganii and Haemophilus influenza. 28705499 9 12 theme considerable 1482:1493 arg1 cytotoxicity 1495:1506 considerable cytotoxicity 1482:1506 considerable cytotoxicity up to certain extant against human epithelial cells (HeLa) cancer cells 1482:1578 Almost all constructs showed considerable cytotoxicity up to certain extant against human epithelial cells (HeLa) cancer cells. 28705499 9 13 theme certain 1514:1520 arg1 extant 1522:1527 certain extant 1514:1527 certain extant 1514:1527 Almost all constructs showed considerable cytotoxicity up to certain extant against human epithelial cells (HeLa) cancer cells. 28705499 10 14 theme anti-cancer 1641:1651 arg1 behavior 1653:1660 anti-cancer behavior 1641:1660 the highest antibacterial activities along with anti-cancer behavior 1593:1660 In summary, the highest antibacterial activities along with anti-cancer behavior both suggest the biomedical potentialities of newly engineered AgNPs and AgNPs-loaded chitosan-alginate constructs. 28705499 2 15 theme spectroscopic 267:279 arg1 profile 281:287 The UV-vis spectroscopic profile 256:287 The UV-vis spectroscopic profile 256:287 The UV-vis spectroscopic profile confirmed the synthesis of AgNPs using methanolic leaves extract of Euphorbia helioscopia. 28705499 5 16 theme chitosan 855:862 arg1 ratio 874:878 a chitosan: alginate ratio 853:878 a chitosan: alginate ratio at 2:1 853:885 A maximum of 95% loading efficiency (LE) was recorded with a chitosan: alginate ratio at 2:1, followed by 81% at 2:2 ratios. 28705499 1 17 theme silver 137:142 arg1 nanoparticles 144:156 silver nanoparticles 137:156 silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) 137:164 Herein, a facile biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and AgNPs-loaded chitosan-alginate constructs with biomedical potentialities is reported. 28705499 1 17 theme silver 137:142 arg1 AgNPs 159:163 AgNPs 159:163 AgNPs 159:163 Herein, a facile biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and AgNPs-loaded chitosan-alginate constructs with biomedical potentialities is reported. 28705499 3 18 theme transmission 648:659 arg1 TEM 682:684 TEM 682:684 TEM 682:684 The newly developed AgNPs were characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28705499 3 18 theme transmission 648:659 arg1 microscopy 670:679 transmission electron microscopy 648:679 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 648:685 The newly developed AgNPs were characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28705499 5 19 theme 2:2 907:909 arg1 ratios 911:916 2:2 ratios 907:916 2:2 ratios 907:916 A maximum of 95% loading efficiency (LE) was recorded with a chitosan: alginate ratio at 2:1, followed by 81% at 2:2 ratios. 28705499 6 20 dep AgNPs 952:956 arg1 constructs 993:1002 loaded chitosan-alginate constructs 968:1002 loaded chitosan-alginate constructs 968:1002 The anti-bacterial activities of AgNPs and AgNPs loaded chitosan-alginate constructs were tested against six bacterial strains i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Morganella morganii and Haemophilus influenza. 28705499 0 21 theme biomedical 77:86 arg1 potentialities 88:101 biomedical potentialities 77:101 biomedical potentialities 77:101 Development of silver nanoparticles loaded chitosan-alginate constructs with biomedical potentialities. 28705499 9 22 theme epithelial 1543:1552 arg1 cells 1574:1578 human epithelial cells (HeLa) cancer cells 1537:1578 human epithelial cells (HeLa) cancer cells 1537:1578 Almost all constructs showed considerable cytotoxicity up to certain extant against human epithelial cells (HeLa) cancer cells. 28705499 4 23 theme 24h 719:721 arg1 period 732:737 24h reaction period 719:737 24h reaction period 719:737 The optimally yielded AgNPs at 24h reaction period were loaded onto various chitosan-alginate constructs. 28705499 1 24 theme AgNPs-loaded 170:181 arg1 constructs 201:210 AgNPs-loaded chitosan-alginate constructs 170:210 AgNPs-loaded chitosan-alginate constructs with biomedical potentialities 170:241 Herein, a facile biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and AgNPs-loaded chitosan-alginate constructs with biomedical potentialities is reported. 28705499 6 25 theme chitosan-alginate 975:991 arg1 constructs 993:1002 loaded chitosan-alginate constructs 968:1002 loaded chitosan-alginate constructs 968:1002 The anti-bacterial activities of AgNPs and AgNPs loaded chitosan-alginate constructs were tested against six bacterial strains i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Morganella morganii and Haemophilus influenza. 28705499 6 26 dep strains 1038:1044 arg1 baumannii 1135:1143 Acinetobacter baumannii 1121:1143 Acinetobacter baumannii 1121:1143 The anti-bacterial activities of AgNPs and AgNPs loaded chitosan-alginate constructs were tested against six bacterial strains i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Morganella morganii and Haemophilus influenza. 28705499 6 26 dep strains 1038:1044 arg1 pneumoniae 1109:1118 Klebsiella pneumoniae 1098:1118 Klebsiella pneumoniae 1098:1118 The anti-bacterial activities of AgNPs and AgNPs loaded chitosan-alginate constructs were tested against six bacterial strains i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Morganella morganii and Haemophilus influenza. 28705499 6 26 dep strains 1038:1044 arg1 morganii 1157:1164 Morganella morganii 1146:1164 Morganella morganii 1146:1164 The anti-bacterial activities of AgNPs and AgNPs loaded chitosan-alginate constructs were tested against six bacterial strains i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Morganella morganii and Haemophilus influenza. 28705499 6 26 dep strains 1038:1044 arg1 aureus 1066:1071 i.e. Staphylococcus aureus 1046:1071 i.e. Staphylococcus aureus 1046:1071 The anti-bacterial activities of AgNPs and AgNPs loaded chitosan-alginate constructs were tested against six bacterial strains i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Morganella morganii and Haemophilus influenza. 28705499 6 26 dep strains 1038:1044 arg1 influenza 1182:1190 Haemophilus influenza 1170:1190 Haemophilus influenza 1170:1190 The anti-bacterial activities of AgNPs and AgNPs loaded chitosan-alginate constructs were tested against six bacterial strains i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Morganella morganii and Haemophilus influenza. 28705499 6 26 dep strains 1038:1044 arg1 aeruginosa 1086:1095 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1074:1095 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1074:1095 The anti-bacterial activities of AgNPs and AgNPs loaded chitosan-alginate constructs were tested against six bacterial strains i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Morganella morganii and Haemophilus influenza. 28705499 5 27 from 2:1 883:885 arg1 ratio 874:878 a chitosan: alginate ratio 853:878 a chitosan: alginate ratio at 2:1 853:885 A maximum of 95% loading efficiency (LE) was recorded with a chitosan: alginate ratio at 2:1, followed by 81% at 2:2 ratios. 28705499 6 28 theme AgNPs 962:966 arg1 activities 938:947 The anti-bacterial activities 919:947 The anti-bacterial activities of AgNPs and AgNPs loaded chitosan-alginate constructs 919:1002 The anti-bacterial activities of AgNPs and AgNPs loaded chitosan-alginate constructs were tested against six bacterial strains i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Morganella morganii and Haemophilus influenza. 28705499 10 29 theme biomedical 1679:1688 arg1 potentialities 1690:1703 the biomedical potentialities 1675:1703 the biomedical potentialities of newly engineered AgNPs and AgNPs-loaded chitosan-alginate constructs 1675:1775 In summary, the highest antibacterial activities along with anti-cancer behavior both suggest the biomedical potentialities of newly engineered AgNPs and AgNPs-loaded chitosan-alginate constructs. 28705499 0 30 theme chitosan-alginate 43:59 arg1 constructs 61:70 chitosan-alginate constructs 43:70 chitosan-alginate constructs 43:70 Development of silver nanoparticles loaded chitosan-alginate constructs with biomedical potentialities. 28705499 7 31 from reduction 1207:1215 arg1 values 1228:1233 the log values 1220:1233 the log values 1220:1233 A significant reduction in the log values was recorded for all test constructs, in comparison to the initial bacterial count (control value, i.e., 1.5×108 CFU/mL). 28705499 4 32 theme various 756:762 arg1 constructs 782:791 various chitosan-alginate constructs 756:791 various chitosan-alginate constructs 756:791 The optimally yielded AgNPs at 24h reaction period were loaded onto various chitosan-alginate constructs. 28705499 3 33 theme FT-IR 494:498 arg1 spectroscopy 500:511 UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy 483:511 spectroscopy 500:511 The newly developed AgNPs were characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28705499 3 34 theme various 431:437 arg1 spectroscopy 500:511 UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy 483:511 spectroscopy 500:511 The newly developed AgNPs were characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28705499 3 34 theme various 431:437 arg1 techniques 462:471 various analytical and imaging techniques 431:471 various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 431:685 The newly developed AgNPs were characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28705499 3 34 theme various 431:437 arg1 microscopy 557:566 scanning electron microscopy 539:566 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 539:572 The newly developed AgNPs were characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28705499 3 34 theme various 431:437 arg1 diffraction 520:530 X-ray diffraction 514:530 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 514:536 The newly developed AgNPs were characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28705499 3 34 theme various 431:437 arg1 spectroscopy 593:604 energy dispersive spectroscopy 575:604 energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) 575:610 The newly developed AgNPs were characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28705499 3 34 theme various 431:437 arg1 microscopy 626:635 atomic force microscopy 613:635 atomic force microscopy (AFM) 613:641 The newly developed AgNPs were characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28705499 3 34 theme various 431:437 arg1 microscopy 670:679 transmission electron microscopy 648:679 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 648:685 The newly developed AgNPs were characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28705499 10 35 theme engineered 1714:1723 arg1 AgNPs 1725:1729 newly engineered AgNPs 1708:1729 newly engineered AgNPs 1708:1729 In summary, the highest antibacterial activities along with anti-cancer behavior both suggest the biomedical potentialities of newly engineered AgNPs and AgNPs-loaded chitosan-alginate constructs. 28705499 0 36 theme silver 15:20 arg1 nanoparticles 22:34 silver nanoparticles 15:34 silver nanoparticles 15:34 Development of silver nanoparticles loaded chitosan-alginate constructs with biomedical potentialities. 28705499 7 37 theme control 1319:1325 arg1 CFU/mL 1348:1353 1.5×108 CFU/mL 1340:1353 1.5×108 CFU/mL 1340:1353 A significant reduction in the log values was recorded for all test constructs, in comparison to the initial bacterial count (control value, i.e., 1.5×108 CFU/mL). 28705499 7 37 theme control 1319:1325 arg1 value 1327:1331 control value 1319:1331 control value 1319:1331 A significant reduction in the log values was recorded for all test constructs, in comparison to the initial bacterial count (control value, i.e., 1.5×108 CFU/mL). 28705499 3 38 theme UV-vis 483:488 arg1 spectroscopy 500:511 UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy 483:511 spectroscopy 500:511 The newly developed AgNPs were characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28705499 5 39 theme % 809:809 arg1 LE 831:832 LE 831:832 LE 831:832 A maximum of 95% loading efficiency (LE) was recorded with a chitosan: alginate ratio at 2:1, followed by 81% at 2:2 ratios. 28705499 5 39 theme % 809:809 arg1 efficiency 819:828 95% loading efficiency 807:828 95% loading efficiency (LE) 807:833 A maximum of 95% loading efficiency (LE) was recorded with a chitosan: alginate ratio at 2:1, followed by 81% at 2:2 ratios. 28705499 6 40 theme bacterial 1028:1036 arg1 strains 1038:1044 six bacterial strains 1024:1044 six bacterial strains i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Morganella morganii and Haemophilus influenza 1024:1190 The anti-bacterial activities of AgNPs and AgNPs loaded chitosan-alginate constructs were tested against six bacterial strains i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Morganella morganii and Haemophilus influenza. 28705499 8 41 theme normal 1425:1430 arg1 L929 1447:1450 normal cell line i.e. L929 1425:1450 normal cell line i.e. L929 1425:1450 The cytotoxicity profile revealed complete biocompatibility against normal cell line i.e. L929. 28705499 3 42 theme electron 548:555 arg1 SEM 569:571 SEM 569:571 SEM 569:571 The newly developed AgNPs were characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28705499 3 42 theme electron 548:555 arg1 microscopy 557:566 scanning electron microscopy 539:566 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 539:572 The newly developed AgNPs were characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28705499 5 43 theme efficiency 819:828 arg1 maximum 796:802 A maximum 794:802 A maximum of 95% loading efficiency (LE) 794:833 A maximum of 95% loading efficiency (LE) was recorded with a chitosan: alginate ratio at 2:1, followed by 81% at 2:2 ratios. 28705499 7 44 theme initial 1294:1300 arg1 count 1312:1316 the initial bacterial count 1290:1316 the initial bacterial count (control value, i.e., 1.5×108 CFU/mL) 1290:1354 A significant reduction in the log values was recorded for all test constructs, in comparison to the initial bacterial count (control value, i.e., 1.5×108 CFU/mL). 28705499 8 45 theme line 1437:1440 arg1 L929 1447:1450 normal cell line i.e. L929 1425:1450 normal cell line i.e. L929 1425:1450 The cytotoxicity profile revealed complete biocompatibility against normal cell line i.e. L929. 28705499 3 46 theme dispersive 582:591 arg1 spectroscopy 593:604 energy dispersive spectroscopy 575:604 energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) 575:610 The newly developed AgNPs were characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28705499 3 46 theme dispersive 582:591 arg1 EDS 607:609 EDS 607:609 EDS 607:609 The newly developed AgNPs were characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28705499 7 47 dep count 1312:1316 arg1 CFU/mL 1348:1353 1.5×108 CFU/mL 1340:1353 1.5×108 CFU/mL 1340:1353 A significant reduction in the log values was recorded for all test constructs, in comparison to the initial bacterial count (control value, i.e., 1.5×108 CFU/mL). 28705499 7 47 dep count 1312:1316 arg1 value 1327:1331 control value 1319:1331 control value 1319:1331 A significant reduction in the log values was recorded for all test constructs, in comparison to the initial bacterial count (control value, i.e., 1.5×108 CFU/mL). 28705499 5 48 dep recorded 839:846 arg1 followed 888:895 followed 888:895 followed by 81% at 2:2 ratios 888:916 A maximum of 95% loading efficiency (LE) was recorded with a chitosan: alginate ratio at 2:1, followed by 81% at 2:2 ratios. 28705499 5 49 theme alginate 865:872 arg1 ratio 874:878 a chitosan: alginate ratio 853:878 a chitosan: alginate ratio at 2:1 853:885 A maximum of 95% loading efficiency (LE) was recorded with a chitosan: alginate ratio at 2:1, followed by 81% at 2:2 ratios. 28705499 2 50 theme leaves 339:344 arg1 extract 346:352 methanolic leaves extract 328:352 methanolic leaves extract of Euphorbia helioscopia 328:377 The UV-vis spectroscopic profile confirmed the synthesis of AgNPs using methanolic leaves extract of Euphorbia helioscopia. 28705499 10 51 theme chitosan-alginate 1748:1764 arg1 constructs 1766:1775 AgNPs-loaded chitosan-alginate constructs 1735:1775 AgNPs-loaded chitosan-alginate constructs 1735:1775 In summary, the highest antibacterial activities along with anti-cancer behavior both suggest the biomedical potentialities of newly engineered AgNPs and AgNPs-loaded chitosan-alginate constructs. 28705499 3 52 theme energy 575:580 arg1 spectroscopy 593:604 energy dispersive spectroscopy 575:604 energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) 575:610 The newly developed AgNPs were characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28705499 3 52 theme energy 575:580 arg1 EDS 607:609 EDS 607:609 EDS 607:609 The newly developed AgNPs were characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28705499 1 53 theme chitosan-alginate 183:199 arg1 constructs 201:210 AgNPs-loaded chitosan-alginate constructs 170:210 AgNPs-loaded chitosan-alginate constructs with biomedical potentialities 170:241 Herein, a facile biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and AgNPs-loaded chitosan-alginate constructs with biomedical potentialities is reported. 28705499 2 54 theme helioscopia 367:377 arg1 extract 346:352 methanolic leaves extract 328:352 methanolic leaves extract of Euphorbia helioscopia 328:377 The UV-vis spectroscopic profile confirmed the synthesis of AgNPs using methanolic leaves extract of Euphorbia helioscopia. 28705499 9 55 theme all 1460:1462 arg1 constructs 1464:1473 Almost all constructs 1453:1473 Almost all constructs 1453:1473 Almost all constructs showed considerable cytotoxicity up to certain extant against human epithelial cells (HeLa) cancer cells. 28705499 6 56 theme Haemophilus 1170:1180 arg1 influenza 1182:1190 Haemophilus influenza 1170:1190 Haemophilus influenza 1170:1190 The anti-bacterial activities of AgNPs and AgNPs loaded chitosan-alginate constructs were tested against six bacterial strains i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Morganella morganii and Haemophilus influenza. 28705499 10 57 theme highest 1597:1603 arg1 activities 1619:1628 the highest antibacterial activities 1593:1628 the highest antibacterial activities along with anti-cancer behavior 1593:1660 In summary, the highest antibacterial activities along with anti-cancer behavior both suggest the biomedical potentialities of newly engineered AgNPs and AgNPs-loaded chitosan-alginate constructs. 28705499 3 58 theme atomic 613:618 arg1 AFM 638:640 AFM 638:640 AFM 638:640 The newly developed AgNPs were characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28705499 3 58 theme atomic 613:618 arg1 microscopy 626:635 atomic force microscopy 613:635 atomic force microscopy (AFM) 613:641 The newly developed AgNPs were characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28705499 6 59 theme anti-bacterial 923:936 arg1 activities 938:947 The anti-bacterial activities 919:947 The anti-bacterial activities of AgNPs and AgNPs loaded chitosan-alginate constructs 919:1002 The anti-bacterial activities of AgNPs and AgNPs loaded chitosan-alginate constructs were tested against six bacterial strains i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Morganella morganii and Haemophilus influenza. 28705499 3 60 theme force 620:624 arg1 AFM 638:640 AFM 638:640 AFM 638:640 The newly developed AgNPs were characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28705499 3 60 theme force 620:624 arg1 microscopy 626:635 atomic force microscopy 613:635 atomic force microscopy (AFM) 613:641 The newly developed AgNPs were characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28705499 4 61 theme reaction 723:730 arg1 period 732:737 24h reaction period 719:737 24h reaction period 719:737 The optimally yielded AgNPs at 24h reaction period were loaded onto various chitosan-alginate constructs. 28705499 10 62 dep suggest 1667:1673 arg1 both 1662:1665 both 1662:1665 both 1662:1665 In summary, the highest antibacterial activities along with anti-cancer behavior both suggest the biomedical potentialities of newly engineered AgNPs and AgNPs-loaded chitosan-alginate constructs. 28705499 1 63 theme nanoparticles 144:156 arg1 biosynthesis 121:132 a facile biosynthesis 112:132 a facile biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and AgNPs-loaded chitosan-alginate constructs with biomedical potentialities 112:241 Herein, a facile biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and AgNPs-loaded chitosan-alginate constructs with biomedical potentialities is reported. 28705499 9 64 theme human 1537:1541 arg1 cells 1574:1578 human epithelial cells (HeLa) cancer cells 1537:1578 human epithelial cells (HeLa) cancer cells 1537:1578 Almost all constructs showed considerable cytotoxicity up to certain extant against human epithelial cells (HeLa) cancer cells. 28705499 3 65 theme developed 390:398 arg1 AgNPs 400:404 The newly developed AgNPs 380:404 The newly developed AgNPs 380:404 The newly developed AgNPs were characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28705499 4 66 theme yielded 702:708 arg1 AgNPs 710:714 The optimally yielded AgNPs 688:714 The optimally yielded AgNPs at 24h reaction period 688:737 The optimally yielded AgNPs at 24h reaction period were loaded onto various chitosan-alginate constructs. 28705499 1 67 with constructs 201:210 arg1 potentialities 228:241 biomedical potentialities 217:241 biomedical potentialities 217:241 Herein, a facile biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and AgNPs-loaded chitosan-alginate constructs with biomedical potentialities is reported. 28705499 9 68 theme cells 1554:1558 arg1 cells 1574:1578 human epithelial cells (HeLa) cancer cells 1537:1578 human epithelial cells (HeLa) cancer cells 1537:1578 Almost all constructs showed considerable cytotoxicity up to certain extant against human epithelial cells (HeLa) cancer cells. 28705499 7 69 theme log 1224:1226 arg1 values 1228:1233 the log values 1220:1233 the log values 1220:1233 A significant reduction in the log values was recorded for all test constructs, in comparison to the initial bacterial count (control value, i.e., 1.5×108 CFU/mL). 28705499 9 70 theme HeLa 1561:1564 arg1 cells 1574:1578 human epithelial cells (HeLa) cancer cells 1537:1578 human epithelial cells (HeLa) cancer cells 1537:1578 Almost all constructs showed considerable cytotoxicity up to certain extant against human epithelial cells (HeLa) cancer cells. 28705499 6 71 theme loaded 968:973 arg1 constructs 993:1002 loaded chitosan-alginate constructs 968:1002 loaded chitosan-alginate constructs 968:1002 The anti-bacterial activities of AgNPs and AgNPs loaded chitosan-alginate constructs were tested against six bacterial strains i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Morganella morganii and Haemophilus influenza. 28705499 3 72 theme scanning 539:546 arg1 SEM 569:571 SEM 569:571 SEM 569:571 The newly developed AgNPs were characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28705499 3 72 theme scanning 539:546 arg1 microscopy 557:566 scanning electron microscopy 539:566 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 539:572 The newly developed AgNPs were characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28705499 1 73 with nanoparticles 144:156 arg1 potentialities 228:241 biomedical potentialities 217:241 biomedical potentialities 217:241 Herein, a facile biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and AgNPs-loaded chitosan-alginate constructs with biomedical potentialities is reported. 28705499 9 74 theme cancer 1567:1572 arg1 cells 1574:1578 human epithelial cells (HeLa) cancer cells 1537:1578 human epithelial cells (HeLa) cancer cells 1537:1578 Almost all constructs showed considerable cytotoxicity up to certain extant against human epithelial cells (HeLa) cancer cells. 28705499 4 75 from period 732:737 arg1 AgNPs 710:714 The optimally yielded AgNPs 688:714 The optimally yielded AgNPs at 24h reaction period 688:737 The optimally yielded AgNPs at 24h reaction period were loaded onto various chitosan-alginate constructs. 28705499 3 76 theme X-ray 514:518 arg1 XRD 533:535 XRD 533:535 XRD 533:535 The newly developed AgNPs were characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28705499 3 76 theme X-ray 514:518 arg1 diffraction 520:530 X-ray diffraction 514:530 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 514:536 The newly developed AgNPs were characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28705499 7 77 theme significant 1195:1205 arg1 reduction 1207:1215 A significant reduction 1193:1215 A significant reduction in the log values 1193:1233 A significant reduction in the log values was recorded for all test constructs, in comparison to the initial bacterial count (control value, i.e., 1.5×108 CFU/mL). 28705499 3 78 theme imaging 454:460 arg1 spectroscopy 500:511 UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy 483:511 spectroscopy 500:511 The newly developed AgNPs were characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28705499 3 78 theme imaging 454:460 arg1 techniques 462:471 various analytical and imaging techniques 431:471 various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 431:685 The newly developed AgNPs were characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28705499 3 78 theme imaging 454:460 arg1 microscopy 557:566 scanning electron microscopy 539:566 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 539:572 The newly developed AgNPs were characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28705499 3 78 theme imaging 454:460 arg1 diffraction 520:530 X-ray diffraction 514:530 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 514:536 The newly developed AgNPs were characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28705499 3 78 theme imaging 454:460 arg1 spectroscopy 593:604 energy dispersive spectroscopy 575:604 energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) 575:610 The newly developed AgNPs were characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28705499 3 78 theme imaging 454:460 arg1 microscopy 626:635 atomic force microscopy 613:635 atomic force microscopy (AFM) 613:641 The newly developed AgNPs were characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28705499 3 78 theme imaging 454:460 arg1 microscopy 670:679 transmission electron microscopy 648:679 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 648:685 The newly developed AgNPs were characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28705499 0 79 theme nanoparticles 22:34 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development of silver nanoparticles 0:34 Development of silver nanoparticles loaded chitosan-alginate constructs with biomedical potentialities. 28705499 1 80 theme facile 114:119 arg1 biosynthesis 121:132 a facile biosynthesis 112:132 a facile biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and AgNPs-loaded chitosan-alginate constructs with biomedical potentialities 112:241 Herein, a facile biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and AgNPs-loaded chitosan-alginate constructs with biomedical potentialities is reported. 28705499 3 81 theme analytical 439:448 arg1 spectroscopy 500:511 UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy 483:511 spectroscopy 500:511 The newly developed AgNPs were characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28705499 3 81 theme analytical 439:448 arg1 techniques 462:471 various analytical and imaging techniques 431:471 various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 431:685 The newly developed AgNPs were characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28705499 3 81 theme analytical 439:448 arg1 microscopy 557:566 scanning electron microscopy 539:566 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 539:572 The newly developed AgNPs were characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28705499 3 81 theme analytical 439:448 arg1 diffraction 520:530 X-ray diffraction 514:530 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 514:536 The newly developed AgNPs were characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28705499 3 81 theme analytical 439:448 arg1 spectroscopy 593:604 energy dispersive spectroscopy 575:604 energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) 575:610 The newly developed AgNPs were characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28705499 3 81 theme analytical 439:448 arg1 microscopy 626:635 atomic force microscopy 613:635 atomic force microscopy (AFM) 613:641 The newly developed AgNPs were characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28705499 3 81 theme analytical 439:448 arg1 microscopy 670:679 transmission electron microscopy 648:679 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 648:685 The newly developed AgNPs were characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28705499 4 82 theme chitosan-alginate 764:780 arg1 constructs 782:791 various chitosan-alginate constructs 756:791 various chitosan-alginate constructs 756:791 The optimally yielded AgNPs at 24h reaction period were loaded onto various chitosan-alginate constructs. 28705499 5 83 theme 95 807:808 arg1 % 809:809 % 809:809 % 809:809 A maximum of 95% loading efficiency (LE) was recorded with a chitosan: alginate ratio at 2:1, followed by 81% at 2:2 ratios. 28705499 7 84 dep value 1327:1331 arg1 i.e. 1334:1337 control value, i.e., 1.5×108 CFU/mL 1319:1353 i.e. 1334:1337 A significant reduction in the log values was recorded for all test constructs, in comparison to the initial bacterial count (control value, i.e., 1.5×108 CFU/mL). 28705499 7 85 theme bacterial 1302:1310 arg1 count 1312:1316 the initial bacterial count 1290:1316 the initial bacterial count (control value, i.e., 1.5×108 CFU/mL) 1290:1354 A significant reduction in the log values was recorded for all test constructs, in comparison to the initial bacterial count (control value, i.e., 1.5×108 CFU/mL). 28705499 3 86 theme electron 661:668 arg1 TEM 682:684 TEM 682:684 TEM 682:684 The newly developed AgNPs were characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28705499 3 86 theme electron 661:668 arg1 microscopy 670:679 transmission electron microscopy 648:679 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 648:685 The newly developed AgNPs were characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques including UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28705499 8 87 theme complete 1391:1398 arg1 biocompatibility 1400:1415 complete biocompatibility 1391:1415 complete biocompatibility against normal cell line i.e. L929 1391:1450 The cytotoxicity profile revealed complete biocompatibility against normal cell line i.e. L929. 28705499 5 88 theme loading 811:817 arg1 LE 831:832 LE 831:832 LE 831:832 A maximum of 95% loading efficiency (LE) was recorded with a chitosan: alginate ratio at 2:1, followed by 81% at 2:2 ratios. 28705499 5 88 theme loading 811:817 arg1 efficiency 819:828 95% loading efficiency 807:828 95% loading efficiency (LE) 807:833 A maximum of 95% loading efficiency (LE) was recorded with a chitosan: alginate ratio at 2:1, followed by 81% at 2:2 ratios. 28705499 6 89 theme Morganella 1146:1155 arg1 morganii 1157:1164 Morganella morganii 1146:1164 Morganella morganii 1146:1164 The anti-bacterial activities of AgNPs and AgNPs loaded chitosan-alginate constructs were tested against six bacterial strains i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Morganella morganii and Haemophilus influenza. 28705499 10 90 theme AgNPs-loaded 1735:1746 arg1 constructs 1766:1775 AgNPs-loaded chitosan-alginate constructs 1735:1775 AgNPs-loaded chitosan-alginate constructs 1735:1775 In summary, the highest antibacterial activities along with anti-cancer behavior both suggest the biomedical potentialities of newly engineered AgNPs and AgNPs-loaded chitosan-alginate constructs. 28705499 8 91 theme cell 1432:1435 arg1 L929 1447:1450 normal cell line i.e. L929 1425:1450 normal cell line i.e. L929 1425:1450 The cytotoxicity profile revealed complete biocompatibility against normal cell line i.e. L929. 28705499 10 92 theme AgNPs 1725:1729 arg1 potentialities 1690:1703 the biomedical potentialities 1675:1703 the biomedical potentialities of newly engineered AgNPs and AgNPs-loaded chitosan-alginate constructs 1675:1775 In summary, the highest antibacterial activities along with anti-cancer behavior both suggest the biomedical potentialities of newly engineered AgNPs and AgNPs-loaded chitosan-alginate constructs. 28705499 5 93 from ratios 911:916 arg1 % 902:902 81% 900:902 81% at 2:2 ratios 900:916 A maximum of 95% loading efficiency (LE) was recorded with a chitosan: alginate ratio at 2:1, followed by 81% at 2:2 ratios. 28705499 8 94 theme i.e. 1442:1445 arg1 L929 1447:1450 normal cell line i.e. L929 1425:1450 normal cell line i.e. L929 1425:1450 The cytotoxicity profile revealed complete biocompatibility against normal cell line i.e. L929. 24508272 8 0 located found 1168:1172 arg2 genes 1157:1161 the 15 SS genes 1147:1161 the 15 SS genes 1147:1161 In addition, the 15 SS genes were found to be unevenly distributed on seven chromosomes. 24508272 8 0 located found 1168:1172 arg1 addition 1137:1144 addition 1137:1144 addition 1137:1144 In addition, the 15 SS genes were found to be unevenly distributed on seven chromosomes. 24508272 7 1 theme major 1042:1046 arg1 categories 1048:1057 three major categories 1036:1057 three major categories 1036:1057 A phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 15 members could be classified into four groups that fall into three major categories: dicots, monocots & dicots 1 (M & D 1), and monocots & dicots 2 (M & D 2). 24508272 4 2 theme gene 653:656 arg1 structure 658:666 gene structure 653:666 gene structure 653:666 Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of SS genes in Populus by describing the gene structure, chromosomal location and phylogenetic relationship of each family member. 24508272 12 3 dep water-deficit 1562:1574 arg1 response 1550:1557 response 1550:1557 response 1550:1557 Additional analysis indicated that the poplar SS gene family is also involved in response to water-deficit. 24508272 7 4 dep dicots 1079:1084 arg1 D 1093:1093 M & D 1 1089:1095 M & D 1 1089:1095 A phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 15 members could be classified into four groups that fall into three major categories: dicots, monocots & dicots 1 (M & D 1), and monocots & dicots 2 (M & D 2). 24508272 7 4 dep dicots 1079:1084 arg1 1 1086:1086 1 1086:1086 1 1086:1086 A phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 15 members could be classified into four groups that fall into three major categories: dicots, monocots & dicots 1 (M & D 1), and monocots & dicots 2 (M & D 2). 24508272 2 5 theme data 324:327 arg1 release 281:287 The release 277:287 The release of the most recent Populus genomic data in Phytozome v9.1 277:345 The release of the most recent Populus genomic data in Phytozome v9.1 has revealed the largest SS gene family described to date, comprising 15 distinct members. 24508272 10 6 theme gene 1365:1368 arg1 members 1370:1376 all 15 gene members 1358:1376 all 15 gene members 1358:1376 Meanwhile, the expression profiles of all 15 gene members in seven different organs were investigated in Populus tomentosa (Carr.) 24508272 9 7 theme conserved 1231:1239 arg1 domains 1241:1247 The two conserved domains 1223:1247 The two conserved domains (sucrose synthase and glycosyl transferase) 1223:1291 The two conserved domains (sucrose synthase and glycosyl transferase) were found in this family. 24508272 9 7 theme conserved 1231:1239 arg1 synthase 1258:1265 sucrose synthase 1250:1265 sucrose synthase 1250:1265 The two conserved domains (sucrose synthase and glycosyl transferase) were found in this family. 24508272 9 7 theme conserved 1231:1239 arg1 transferase 1280:1290 glycosyl transferase 1271:1290 glycosyl transferase 1271:1290 The two conserved domains (sucrose synthase and glycosyl transferase) were found in this family. 24508272 10 8 dep Meanwhile 1320:1328 arg1 investigated 1409:1420 investigated 1409:1420 were investigated in Populus tomentosa (Carr.) 1404:1449 Meanwhile, the expression profiles of all 15 gene members in seven different organs were investigated in Populus tomentosa (Carr.) 24508272 3 9 theme profiles 509:516 arg1 analysis 475:482 the analysis 471:482 the analysis of transcript expression profiles for those that have not been previously reported 471:565 This information will now enable the analysis of transcript expression profiles for those that have not been previously reported. 24508272 10 10 dep investigated 1409:1420 arg1 Carr 1444:1447 Carr 1444:1447 Carr 1444:1447 Meanwhile, the expression profiles of all 15 gene members in seven different organs were investigated in Populus tomentosa (Carr.) 24508272 7 11 theme M 1124:1124 arg1 2 1121:1121 2 1121:1121 2 1121:1121 A phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 15 members could be classified into four groups that fall into three major categories: dicots, monocots & dicots 1 (M & D 1), and monocots & dicots 2 (M & D 2). 24508272 7 11 theme M 1124:1124 arg1 D 1128:1128 M & D 2 1124:1130 M & D 2 1124:1130 A phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 15 members could be classified into four groups that fall into three major categories: dicots, monocots & dicots 1 (M & D 1), and monocots & dicots 2 (M & D 2). 24508272 10 12 theme Populus 1425:1431 arg1 tomentosa 1433:1441 Populus tomentosa 1425:1441 Populus tomentosa 1425:1441 Meanwhile, the expression profiles of all 15 gene members in seven different organs were investigated in Populus tomentosa (Carr.) 24508272 7 13 theme & 1112:1112 arg1 dicots 1114:1119 monocots & dicots 2 (M & D 2) 1103:1131 monocots & dicots 2 (M & D 2) 1103:1131 A phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 15 members could be classified into four groups that fall into three major categories: dicots, monocots & dicots 1 (M & D 1), and monocots & dicots 2 (M & D 2). 24508272 7 13 theme & 1112:1112 arg1 groups 1014:1019 four groups 1009:1019 four groups that fall into three major categories 1009:1057 A phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 15 members could be classified into four groups that fall into three major categories: dicots, monocots & dicots 1 (M & D 1), and monocots & dicots 2 (M & D 2). 24508272 4 14 theme chromosomal 669:679 arg1 location 681:688 chromosomal location 669:688 chromosomal location 669:688 Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of SS genes in Populus by describing the gene structure, chromosomal location and phylogenetic relationship of each family member. 24508272 7 15 theme M 1089:1089 arg1 D 1093:1093 M & D 1 1089:1095 M & D 1 1089:1095 A phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 15 members could be classified into four groups that fall into three major categories: dicots, monocots & dicots 1 (M & D 1), and monocots & dicots 2 (M & D 2). 24508272 7 15 theme M 1089:1089 arg1 1 1086:1086 1 1086:1086 1 1086:1086 A phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 15 members could be classified into four groups that fall into three major categories: dicots, monocots & dicots 1 (M & D 1), and monocots & dicots 2 (M & D 2). 24508272 6 16 theme Gray 834:837 arg1 genome 840:845 & Gray) genome 832:845 & Gray) genome 832:845 & Gray) genome using the SS domain and amino acid sequences from Arabidopsis thaliana as a probe. 24508272 3 17 theme transcript 487:496 arg1 profiles 509:516 transcript expression profiles 487:516 transcript expression profiles for those that have not been previously reported 487:565 This information will now enable the analysis of transcript expression profiles for those that have not been previously reported. 24508272 10 18 from profiles 1346:1353 arg1 organs 1397:1402 seven different organs 1381:1402 seven different organs 1381:1402 Meanwhile, the expression profiles of all 15 gene members in seven different organs were investigated in Populus tomentosa (Carr.) 24508272 2 19 theme largest 364:370 arg1 family 380:385 the largest SS gene family 360:385 the largest SS gene family described to date 360:403 The release of the most recent Populus genomic data in Phytozome v9.1 has revealed the largest SS gene family described to date, comprising 15 distinct members. 24508272 7 20 theme & 1091:1091 arg1 D 1093:1093 M & D 1 1089:1095 M & D 1 1089:1095 A phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 15 members could be classified into four groups that fall into three major categories: dicots, monocots & dicots 1 (M & D 1), and monocots & dicots 2 (M & D 2). 24508272 7 20 theme & 1091:1091 arg1 1 1086:1086 1 1086:1086 1 1086:1086 A phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 15 members could be classified into four groups that fall into three major categories: dicots, monocots & dicots 1 (M & D 1), and monocots & dicots 2 (M & D 2). 24508272 6 21 theme & 832:832 arg1 genome 840:845 & Gray) genome 832:845 & Gray) genome 832:845 & Gray) genome using the SS domain and amino acid sequences from Arabidopsis thaliana as a probe. 24508272 3 22 theme expression 498:507 arg1 profiles 509:516 transcript expression profiles 487:516 transcript expression profiles for those that have not been previously reported 487:565 This information will now enable the analysis of transcript expression profiles for those that have not been previously reported. 24508272 12 23 theme Additional 1469:1478 arg1 analysis 1480:1487 Additional analysis 1469:1487 Additional analysis 1469:1487 Additional analysis indicated that the poplar SS gene family is also involved in response to water-deficit. 24508272 4 24 theme SS 615:616 arg1 genes 618:622 SS genes 615:622 SS genes 615:622 Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of SS genes in Populus by describing the gene structure, chromosomal location and phylogenetic relationship of each family member. 24508272 5 25 theme putative 757:764 arg1 members 774:780 15 putative SS gene members 754:780 15 putative SS gene members 754:780 A total of 15 putative SS gene members were identified in the Populus trichocarpa (Torr. 24508272 9 26 located found 1298:1302 arg1 family 1312:1317 this family 1307:1317 this family 1307:1317 The two conserved domains (sucrose synthase and glycosyl transferase) were found in this family. 24508272 9 26 located found 1298:1302 arg2 domains 1241:1247 The two conserved domains 1223:1247 The two conserved domains (sucrose synthase and glycosyl transferase) 1223:1291 The two conserved domains (sucrose synthase and glycosyl transferase) were found in this family. 24508272 9 26 located found 1298:1302 arg2 transferase 1280:1290 glycosyl transferase 1271:1290 glycosyl transferase 1271:1290 The two conserved domains (sucrose synthase and glycosyl transferase) were found in this family. 24508272 9 26 located found 1298:1302 arg2 synthase 1258:1265 sucrose synthase 1250:1265 sucrose synthase 1250:1265 The two conserved domains (sucrose synthase and glycosyl transferase) were found in this family. 24508272 13 27 theme basic 1604:1608 arg1 information 1610:1620 basic information 1604:1620 basic information that will assist in elucidating the functions of poplar SS family 1604:1686 The current study provides basic information that will assist in elucidating the functions of poplar SS family. 24508272 4 28 theme phylogenetic 694:705 arg1 relationship 707:718 phylogenetic relationship 694:718 phylogenetic relationship 694:718 Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of SS genes in Populus by describing the gene structure, chromosomal location and phylogenetic relationship of each family member. 24508272 7 29 theme & 1126:1126 arg1 2 1121:1121 2 1121:1121 2 1121:1121 A phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 15 members could be classified into four groups that fall into three major categories: dicots, monocots & dicots 1 (M & D 1), and monocots & dicots 2 (M & D 2). 24508272 7 29 theme & 1126:1126 arg1 D 1128:1128 M & D 2 1124:1130 M & D 2 1124:1130 A phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 15 members could be classified into four groups that fall into three major categories: dicots, monocots & dicots 1 (M & D 1), and monocots & dicots 2 (M & D 2). 24508272 5 30 theme SS 766:767 arg1 members 774:780 15 putative SS gene members 754:780 15 putative SS gene members 754:780 A total of 15 putative SS gene members were identified in the Populus trichocarpa (Torr. 24508272 7 31 dep monocots 1068:1075 arg1 dicots 1079:1084 & dicots 1 (M & D 1) 1077:1096 & dicots 1 (M & D 1) 1077:1096 A phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 15 members could be classified into four groups that fall into three major categories: dicots, monocots & dicots 1 (M & D 1), and monocots & dicots 2 (M & D 2). 24508272 5 32 theme Populus 805:811 arg1 trichocarpa 813:823 the Populus trichocarpa 801:823 the Populus trichocarpa (Torr 801:829 A total of 15 putative SS gene members were identified in the Populus trichocarpa (Torr. 24508272 7 33 dep dicots 1114:1119 arg1 2 1121:1121 2 1121:1121 2 1121:1121 A phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 15 members could be classified into four groups that fall into three major categories: dicots, monocots & dicots 1 (M & D 1), and monocots & dicots 2 (M & D 2). 24508272 7 33 dep dicots 1114:1119 arg1 D 1128:1128 M & D 2 1124:1130 M & D 2 1124:1130 A phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 15 members could be classified into four groups that fall into three major categories: dicots, monocots & dicots 1 (M & D 1), and monocots & dicots 2 (M & D 2). 24508272 9 34 theme glycosyl 1271:1278 arg1 domains 1241:1247 The two conserved domains 1223:1247 The two conserved domains (sucrose synthase and glycosyl transferase) 1223:1291 The two conserved domains (sucrose synthase and glycosyl transferase) were found in this family. 24508272 9 34 theme glycosyl 1271:1278 arg1 transferase 1280:1290 glycosyl transferase 1271:1290 glycosyl transferase 1271:1290 The two conserved domains (sucrose synthase and glycosyl transferase) were found in this family. 24508272 5 35 theme gene 769:772 arg1 members 774:780 15 putative SS gene members 754:780 15 putative SS gene members 754:780 A total of 15 putative SS gene members were identified in the Populus trichocarpa (Torr. 24508272 6 36 theme Arabidopsis 897:907 arg1 thaliana 909:916 Arabidopsis thaliana 897:916 Arabidopsis thaliana 897:916 & Gray) genome using the SS domain and amino acid sequences from Arabidopsis thaliana as a probe. 24508272 9 37 theme sucrose 1250:1256 arg1 domains 1241:1247 The two conserved domains 1223:1247 The two conserved domains (sucrose synthase and glycosyl transferase) 1223:1291 The two conserved domains (sucrose synthase and glycosyl transferase) were found in this family. 24508272 9 37 theme sucrose 1250:1256 arg1 synthase 1258:1265 sucrose synthase 1250:1265 sucrose synthase 1250:1265 The two conserved domains (sucrose synthase and glycosyl transferase) were found in this family. 24508272 13 38 theme SS 1678:1679 arg1 family 1681:1686 poplar SS family 1671:1686 poplar SS family 1671:1686 The current study provides basic information that will assist in elucidating the functions of poplar SS family. 24508272 4 39 theme comprehensive 589:601 arg1 analysis 603:610 a comprehensive analysis 587:610 a comprehensive analysis of SS genes 587:622 Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of SS genes in Populus by describing the gene structure, chromosomal location and phylogenetic relationship of each family member. 24508272 5 40 theme members 774:780 arg1 total 745:749 A total 743:749 A total of 15 putative SS gene members 743:780 A total of 15 putative SS gene members were identified in the Populus trichocarpa (Torr. 24508272 13 41 theme poplar 1671:1676 arg1 family 1681:1686 poplar SS family 1671:1686 poplar SS family 1671:1686 The current study provides basic information that will assist in elucidating the functions of poplar SS family. 24508272 4 42 dep structure 658:666 arg1 the 649:651 the 649:651 the 649:651 Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of SS genes in Populus by describing the gene structure, chromosomal location and phylogenetic relationship of each family member. 24508272 0 43 theme Populus 43:49 arg1 family 73:78 the Populus sucrose synthase gene family 39:78 the Populus sucrose synthase gene family 39:78 Identification and characterization of the Populus sucrose synthase gene family. 24508272 6 44 from thaliana 909:916 arg1 probe 923:927 a probe 921:927 a probe 921:927 & Gray) genome using the SS domain and amino acid sequences from Arabidopsis thaliana as a probe. 24508272 6 44 from thaliana 909:916 arg1 domain 860:865 the SS domain and amino acid sequences 853:890 domain 860:865 & Gray) genome using the SS domain and amino acid sequences from Arabidopsis thaliana as a probe. 24508272 6 44 from thaliana 909:916 arg1 sequences 882:890 the SS domain and amino acid sequences 853:890 sequences 882:890 & Gray) genome using the SS domain and amino acid sequences from Arabidopsis thaliana as a probe. 24508272 1 45 theme RT-qPCR 172:178 arg1 results 161:167 the results 157:167 the results of RT-qPCR 157:178 In this study, we indentified 15 sucrose synthase (SS) genes in Populus and the results of RT-qPCR revealed that their expression patterns were constitutive and partially overlapping but diverse. 24508272 12 46 theme gene 1518:1521 arg1 family 1523:1528 the poplar SS gene family 1504:1528 the poplar SS gene family 1504:1528 Additional analysis indicated that the poplar SS gene family is also involved in response to water-deficit. 24508272 2 47 theme gene 375:378 arg1 family 380:385 the largest SS gene family 360:385 the largest SS gene family described to date 360:403 The release of the most recent Populus genomic data in Phytozome v9.1 has revealed the largest SS gene family described to date, comprising 15 distinct members. 24508272 4 48 theme genes 618:622 arg1 analysis 603:610 a comprehensive analysis 587:610 a comprehensive analysis of SS genes 587:622 Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of SS genes in Populus by describing the gene structure, chromosomal location and phylogenetic relationship of each family member. 24508272 6 49 theme acid 877:880 arg1 probe 923:927 a probe 921:927 a probe 921:927 & Gray) genome using the SS domain and amino acid sequences from Arabidopsis thaliana as a probe. 24508272 6 49 theme acid 877:880 arg1 domain 860:865 the SS domain and amino acid sequences 853:890 domain 860:865 & Gray) genome using the SS domain and amino acid sequences from Arabidopsis thaliana as a probe. 24508272 6 49 theme acid 877:880 arg1 sequences 882:890 the SS domain and amino acid sequences 853:890 sequences 882:890 & Gray) genome using the SS domain and amino acid sequences from Arabidopsis thaliana as a probe. 24508272 7 50 dep groups 1014:1019 arg1 dicots 1060:1065 dicots 1060:1065 dicots 1060:1065 A phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 15 members could be classified into four groups that fall into three major categories: dicots, monocots & dicots 1 (M & D 1), and monocots & dicots 2 (M & D 2). 24508272 7 51 theme & 1077:1077 arg1 dicots 1079:1084 & dicots 1 (M & D 1) 1077:1096 & dicots 1 (M & D 1) 1077:1096 A phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 15 members could be classified into four groups that fall into three major categories: dicots, monocots & dicots 1 (M & D 1), and monocots & dicots 2 (M & D 2). 24508272 2 52 theme SS 372:373 arg1 family 380:385 the largest SS gene family 360:385 the largest SS gene family described to date 360:403 The release of the most recent Populus genomic data in Phytozome v9.1 has revealed the largest SS gene family described to date, comprising 15 distinct members. 24508272 2 53 theme distinct 420:427 arg1 members 429:435 15 distinct members 417:435 15 distinct members 417:435 The release of the most recent Populus genomic data in Phytozome v9.1 has revealed the largest SS gene family described to date, comprising 15 distinct members. 24508272 6 54 theme amino 871:875 arg1 probe 923:927 a probe 921:927 a probe 921:927 & Gray) genome using the SS domain and amino acid sequences from Arabidopsis thaliana as a probe. 24508272 6 54 theme amino 871:875 arg1 domain 860:865 the SS domain and amino acid sequences 853:890 domain 860:865 & Gray) genome using the SS domain and amino acid sequences from Arabidopsis thaliana as a probe. 24508272 6 54 theme amino 871:875 arg1 sequences 882:890 the SS domain and amino acid sequences 853:890 sequences 882:890 & Gray) genome using the SS domain and amino acid sequences from Arabidopsis thaliana as a probe. 24508272 10 55 theme expression 1335:1344 arg1 profiles 1346:1353 the expression profiles 1331:1353 the expression profiles of all 15 gene members in seven different organs 1331:1402 Meanwhile, the expression profiles of all 15 gene members in seven different organs were investigated in Populus tomentosa (Carr.) 24508272 0 56 theme gene 68:71 arg1 family 73:78 the Populus sucrose synthase gene family 39:78 the Populus sucrose synthase gene family 39:78 Identification and characterization of the Populus sucrose synthase gene family. 24508272 2 57 theme genomic 316:322 arg1 data 324:327 the most recent Populus genomic data 292:327 the most recent Populus genomic data 292:327 The release of the most recent Populus genomic data in Phytozome v9.1 has revealed the largest SS gene family described to date, comprising 15 distinct members. 24508272 0 58 theme sucrose 51:57 arg1 family 73:78 the Populus sucrose synthase gene family 39:78 the Populus sucrose synthase gene family 39:78 Identification and characterization of the Populus sucrose synthase gene family. 24508272 9 59 dep domains 1241:1247 arg1 domains 1241:1247 The two conserved domains 1223:1247 The two conserved domains (sucrose synthase and glycosyl transferase) 1223:1291 The two conserved domains (sucrose synthase and glycosyl transferase) were found in this family. 24508272 9 59 dep domains 1241:1247 arg1 synthase 1258:1265 sucrose synthase 1250:1265 sucrose synthase 1250:1265 The two conserved domains (sucrose synthase and glycosyl transferase) were found in this family. 24508272 9 59 dep domains 1241:1247 arg1 transferase 1280:1290 glycosyl transferase 1271:1290 glycosyl transferase 1271:1290 The two conserved domains (sucrose synthase and glycosyl transferase) were found in this family. 24508272 5 60 dep trichocarpa 813:823 arg1 Torr 826:829 Torr 826:829 Torr 826:829 A total of 15 putative SS gene members were identified in the Populus trichocarpa (Torr. 24508272 2 61 theme Populus 308:314 arg1 data 324:327 the most recent Populus genomic data 292:327 the most recent Populus genomic data 292:327 The release of the most recent Populus genomic data in Phytozome v9.1 has revealed the largest SS gene family described to date, comprising 15 distinct members. 24508272 12 62 theme SS 1515:1516 arg1 family 1523:1528 the poplar SS gene family 1504:1528 the poplar SS gene family 1504:1528 Additional analysis indicated that the poplar SS gene family is also involved in response to water-deficit. 24508272 7 63 theme phylogenetic 932:943 arg1 analysis 945:952 A phylogenetic analysis 930:952 A phylogenetic analysis 930:952 A phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 15 members could be classified into four groups that fall into three major categories: dicots, monocots & dicots 1 (M & D 1), and monocots & dicots 2 (M & D 2). 24508272 1 64 theme sucrose 114:120 arg1 SS 132:133 SS 132:133 SS 132:133 In this study, we indentified 15 sucrose synthase (SS) genes in Populus and the results of RT-qPCR revealed that their expression patterns were constitutive and partially overlapping but diverse. 24508272 1 64 theme sucrose 114:120 arg1 synthase 122:129 sucrose synthase 114:129 15 sucrose synthase (SS) genes 111:140 In this study, we indentified 15 sucrose synthase (SS) genes in Populus and the results of RT-qPCR revealed that their expression patterns were constitutive and partially overlapping but diverse. 24508272 12 65 theme poplar 1508:1513 arg1 family 1523:1528 the poplar SS gene family 1504:1528 the poplar SS gene family 1504:1528 Additional analysis indicated that the poplar SS gene family is also involved in response to water-deficit. 24508272 4 66 theme member 735:740 arg1 relationship 707:718 phylogenetic relationship 694:718 phylogenetic relationship 694:718 Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of SS genes in Populus by describing the gene structure, chromosomal location and phylogenetic relationship of each family member. 24508272 4 66 theme member 735:740 arg1 structure 658:666 gene structure 653:666 gene structure 653:666 Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of SS genes in Populus by describing the gene structure, chromosomal location and phylogenetic relationship of each family member. 24508272 4 66 theme member 735:740 arg1 location 681:688 chromosomal location 669:688 chromosomal location 669:688 Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of SS genes in Populus by describing the gene structure, chromosomal location and phylogenetic relationship of each family member. 24508272 4 67 theme family 728:733 arg1 member 735:740 each family member 723:740 each family member 723:740 Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of SS genes in Populus by describing the gene structure, chromosomal location and phylogenetic relationship of each family member. 24508272 1 68 theme synthase 122:129 arg1 genes 136:140 15 sucrose synthase (SS) genes 111:140 15 sucrose synthase (SS) genes 111:140 In this study, we indentified 15 sucrose synthase (SS) genes in Populus and the results of RT-qPCR revealed that their expression patterns were constitutive and partially overlapping but diverse. 24508272 8 69 theme SS 1154:1155 arg1 genes 1157:1161 the 15 SS genes 1147:1161 the 15 SS genes 1147:1161 In addition, the 15 SS genes were found to be unevenly distributed on seven chromosomes. 24508272 2 70 theme recent 301:306 arg1 data 324:327 the most recent Populus genomic data 292:327 the most recent Populus genomic data 292:327 The release of the most recent Populus genomic data in Phytozome v9.1 has revealed the largest SS gene family described to date, comprising 15 distinct members. 24508272 0 71 theme family 73:78 arg1 characterization 19:34 characterization 19:34 characterization 19:34 Identification and characterization of the Populus sucrose synthase gene family. 24508272 0 71 theme family 73:78 arg1 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification and characterization of the Populus sucrose synthase gene family. 24508272 13 72 theme family 1681:1686 arg1 functions 1658:1666 the functions 1654:1666 the functions of poplar SS family 1654:1686 The current study provides basic information that will assist in elucidating the functions of poplar SS family. 24508272 10 73 theme members 1370:1376 arg1 profiles 1346:1353 the expression profiles 1331:1353 the expression profiles of all 15 gene members in seven different organs 1331:1402 Meanwhile, the expression profiles of all 15 gene members in seven different organs were investigated in Populus tomentosa (Carr.) 24508272 7 74 theme monocots 1103:1110 arg1 dicots 1114:1119 monocots & dicots 2 (M & D 2) 1103:1131 monocots & dicots 2 (M & D 2) 1103:1131 A phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 15 members could be classified into four groups that fall into three major categories: dicots, monocots & dicots 1 (M & D 1), and monocots & dicots 2 (M & D 2). 24508272 7 74 theme monocots 1103:1110 arg1 groups 1014:1019 four groups 1009:1019 four groups that fall into three major categories 1009:1057 A phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 15 members could be classified into four groups that fall into three major categories: dicots, monocots & dicots 1 (M & D 1), and monocots & dicots 2 (M & D 2). 24508272 1 75 theme expression 200:209 arg1 patterns 211:218 their expression patterns 194:218 their expression patterns 194:218 In this study, we indentified 15 sucrose synthase (SS) genes in Populus and the results of RT-qPCR revealed that their expression patterns were constitutive and partially overlapping but diverse. 24508272 0 76 theme synthase 59:66 arg1 family 73:78 the Populus sucrose synthase gene family 39:78 the Populus sucrose synthase gene family 39:78 Identification and characterization of the Populus sucrose synthase gene family. 24508272 6 77 theme SS 857:858 arg1 probe 923:927 a probe 921:927 a probe 921:927 & Gray) genome using the SS domain and amino acid sequences from Arabidopsis thaliana as a probe. 24508272 6 77 theme SS 857:858 arg1 domain 860:865 the SS domain and amino acid sequences 853:890 domain 860:865 & Gray) genome using the SS domain and amino acid sequences from Arabidopsis thaliana as a probe. 24508272 6 77 theme SS 857:858 arg1 sequences 882:890 the SS domain and amino acid sequences 853:890 sequences 882:890 & Gray) genome using the SS domain and amino acid sequences from Arabidopsis thaliana as a probe. 24508272 10 78 theme different 1387:1395 arg1 organs 1397:1402 seven different organs 1381:1402 seven different organs 1381:1402 Meanwhile, the expression profiles of all 15 gene members in seven different organs were investigated in Populus tomentosa (Carr.) 24508272 2 79 theme Phytozome 332:340 arg1 v9.1 342:345 Phytozome v9.1 332:345 Phytozome v9.1 332:345 The release of the most recent Populus genomic data in Phytozome v9.1 has revealed the largest SS gene family described to date, comprising 15 distinct members. 24508272 2 80 from release 281:287 arg1 v9.1 342:345 Phytozome v9.1 332:345 Phytozome v9.1 332:345 The release of the most recent Populus genomic data in Phytozome v9.1 has revealed the largest SS gene family described to date, comprising 15 distinct members. 24508272 13 81 theme current 1581:1587 arg1 study 1589:1593 The current study 1577:1593 The current study 1577:1593 The current study provides basic information that will assist in elucidating the functions of poplar SS family. 25537094 7 0 theme rapid 1405:1409 arg1 drying 1411:1416 the rapid drying 1401:1416 the rapid drying 1401:1416 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 1 1 theme time-resolved 100:112 arg1 investigation 114:126 a time-resolved investigation 98:126 a time-resolved investigation of the natural drying process of microbial cellulose (MC) 98:184 We present a time-resolved investigation of the natural drying process of microbial cellulose (MC) by means of simultaneous small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), intermediate-angle neutron scattering (IANS) and weighing techniques. 25537094 7 2 theme cellulose 1644:1652 arg1 fibrils 1654:1660 cellulose fibrils 1644:1660 cellulose fibrils 1644:1660 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 1 3 theme cellulose 171:179 arg1 process 150:156 the natural drying process 131:156 the natural drying process of microbial cellulose (MC) 131:184 We present a time-resolved investigation of the natural drying process of microbial cellulose (MC) by means of simultaneous small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), intermediate-angle neutron scattering (IANS) and weighing techniques. 25537094 7 4 theme fibrils 1372:1378 arg1 aggregation 1343:1353 aggregation 1343:1353 aggregation 1343:1353 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 7 4 theme fibrils 1372:1378 arg1 crystallization 1323:1337 : i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization 1090:1337 : i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization 1090:1337 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 7 5 theme further 1315:1321 arg1 crystallization 1323:1337 : i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization 1090:1337 : i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization 1090:1337 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 7 6 dep estimated 1667:1675 arg1 iii 1540:1542 iii 1540:1542 iii 1540:1542 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 3 7 theme scattering 534:543 arg1 contrast 545:552 a tunable scattering contrast 524:552 a tunable scattering contrast 524:552 The coherent scattering length density of the water penetrating amorphous domains varied with time during the drying process to give a tunable scattering contrast to the water-resistant cellulose crystallites, thus the contrast variation was automatically performed by simply drying. 25537094 7 8 theme nm 1536:1537 arg1 scale 1521:1525 the length scale 1510:1525 the length scale of 7-125 nm 1510:1537 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 3 9 theme scattering 404:413 arg1 density 422:428 The coherent scattering length density 391:428 The coherent scattering length density of the water penetrating amorphous domains 391:471 The coherent scattering length density of the water penetrating amorphous domains varied with time during the drying process to give a tunable scattering contrast to the water-resistant cellulose crystallites, thus the contrast variation was automatically performed by simply drying. 25537094 4 10 dep variation 796:804 arg1 i.e. 774:777 i.e. 774:777 i.e. 774:777 IANS and weighing techniques were used to follow the macroscopic structural changes of the sample, i.e., the composition variation and the loss of the water. 25537094 3 11 theme water-resistant 561:575 arg1 crystallites 587:598 the water-resistant cellulose crystallites 557:598 the water-resistant cellulose crystallites 557:598 The coherent scattering length density of the water penetrating amorphous domains varied with time during the drying process to give a tunable scattering contrast to the water-resistant cellulose crystallites, thus the contrast variation was automatically performed by simply drying. 25537094 7 12 theme length 1514:1519 arg1 scale 1521:1525 the length scale 1510:1525 the length scale of 7-125 nm 1510:1537 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 3 13 theme contrast 610:617 arg1 variation 619:627 the contrast variation 606:627 the contrast variation 606:627 The coherent scattering length density of the water penetrating amorphous domains varied with time during the drying process to give a tunable scattering contrast to the water-resistant cellulose crystallites, thus the contrast variation was automatically performed by simply drying. 25537094 5 14 theme drying 899:904 arg1 process 906:912 the whole drying process 889:912 the whole drying process 889:912 Thus, both the structure and composition changes during the whole drying process were resolved. 25537094 7 15 from shrinkage 1180:1188 arg1 region 1193:1198 region I 1193:1200 region I 1193:1200 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 1 16 theme drying 143:148 arg1 process 150:156 the natural drying process 131:156 the natural drying process of microbial cellulose (MC) 131:184 We present a time-resolved investigation of the natural drying process of microbial cellulose (MC) by means of simultaneous small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), intermediate-angle neutron scattering (IANS) and weighing techniques. 25537094 7 17 theme structural 1488:1497 arg1 changes 1499:1505 obvious structural changes 1480:1505 obvious structural changes 1480:1505 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 0 18 theme drying 71:76 arg1 process 78:84 the drying process 67:84 the drying process 67:84 Hierarchical structure in microbial cellulose: what happens during the drying process. 25537094 7 19 dep crystallization 1323:1337 arg1 divided 1131:1137 divided 1131:1137 could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III 1122:1304 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 7 20 theme results 1776:1782 arg1 analysis 1759:1766 the quantitative analysis 1742:1766 the quantitative analysis of SANS results 1742:1782 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 7 21 theme water 1566:1570 arg1 layer 1601:1605 an extremely thin layer 1583:1605 an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils 1583:1660 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 7 21 theme water 1566:1570 arg1 " 1571:1571 "bound water" 1559:1571 "bound water" 1559:1571 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 6 22 theme quantitative 948:959 arg1 crosscheck 961:970 the quantitative crosscheck 944:970 the quantitative crosscheck of composition variation by IANS and weighing 944:1016 In particular, the quantitative crosscheck of composition variation by IANS and weighing provides a full description of the drying process. 25537094 3 23 theme length 415:420 arg1 density 422:428 The coherent scattering length density 391:428 The coherent scattering length density of the water penetrating amorphous domains 391:471 The coherent scattering length density of the water penetrating amorphous domains varied with time during the drying process to give a tunable scattering contrast to the water-resistant cellulose crystallites, thus the contrast variation was automatically performed by simply drying. 25537094 7 24 from completion 1281:1290 arg1 region 1193:1198 region I 1193:1200 region I 1193:1200 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 4 25 theme macroscopic 728:738 arg1 changes 751:757 the macroscopic structural changes 724:757 the macroscopic structural changes 724:757 IANS and weighing techniques were used to follow the macroscopic structural changes of the sample, i.e., the composition variation and the loss of the water. 25537094 3 26 theme coherent 395:402 arg1 scattering 404:413 The coherent scattering 391:413 The coherent scattering length density of the water penetrating amorphous domains 391:471 The coherent scattering length density of the water penetrating amorphous domains varied with time during the drying process to give a tunable scattering contrast to the water-resistant cellulose crystallites, thus the contrast variation was automatically performed by simply drying. 25537094 0 27 theme Hierarchical 0:11 arg1 structure 13:21 Hierarchical structure 0:21 Hierarchical structure 0:21 Hierarchical structure in microbial cellulose: what happens during the drying process. 25537094 1 28 theme intermediate-angle 250:267 arg1 scattering 277:286 intermediate-angle neutron scattering 250:286 intermediate-angle neutron scattering (IANS) 250:293 We present a time-resolved investigation of the natural drying process of microbial cellulose (MC) by means of simultaneous small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), intermediate-angle neutron scattering (IANS) and weighing techniques. 25537094 1 28 theme intermediate-angle 250:267 arg1 IANS 289:292 IANS 289:292 IANS 289:292 We present a time-resolved investigation of the natural drying process of microbial cellulose (MC) by means of simultaneous small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), intermediate-angle neutron scattering (IANS) and weighing techniques. 25537094 7 29 theme quantitative 1746:1757 arg1 analysis 1759:1766 the quantitative analysis 1742:1766 the quantitative analysis of SANS results 1742:1782 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 3 30 theme water 437:441 arg1 domains 465:471 the water penetrating amorphous domains 433:471 the water penetrating amorphous domains 433:471 The coherent scattering length density of the water penetrating amorphous domains varied with time during the drying process to give a tunable scattering contrast to the water-resistant cellulose crystallites, thus the contrast variation was automatically performed by simply drying. 25537094 1 31 theme scattering 277:286 arg1 techniques 308:317 simultaneous small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), intermediate-angle neutron scattering (IANS) and weighing techniques 198:317 simultaneous small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), intermediate-angle neutron scattering (IANS) and weighing techniques 198:317 We present a time-resolved investigation of the natural drying process of microbial cellulose (MC) by means of simultaneous small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), intermediate-angle neutron scattering (IANS) and weighing techniques. 25537094 1 32 theme natural 135:141 arg1 process 150:156 the natural drying process 131:156 the natural drying process of microbial cellulose (MC) 131:184 We present a time-resolved investigation of the natural drying process of microbial cellulose (MC) by means of simultaneous small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), intermediate-angle neutron scattering (IANS) and weighing techniques. 25537094 2 33 theme sample 383:388 arg1 structure 363:371 the microscopic structure 347:371 the microscopic structure of the MC sample 347:388 SANS was used to elucidate the microscopic structure of the MC sample. 25537094 7 34 theme drying 1107:1112 arg1 process 1114:1120 The natural drying process 1095:1120 The natural drying process 1095:1120 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 7 35 theme wt 1690:1691 arg1 amount 1549:1554 the amount 1545:1554 the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, 1545:1661 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 7 35 theme wt 1690:1691 arg1 " 1571:1571 "bound water" 1559:1571 "bound water" 1559:1571 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 7 35 theme wt 1690:1691 arg1 % 1692:1692 ∼ 0.35 wt% 1683:1692 ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement 1683:1720 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 7 36 theme natural 1422:1428 arg1 methods 1437:1443 natural drying methods 1422:1443 natural drying methods 1422:1443 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 7 37 theme ∼ 1683:1683 arg1 amount 1549:1554 the amount 1545:1554 the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, 1545:1661 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 7 37 theme ∼ 1683:1683 arg1 " 1571:1571 "bound water" 1559:1571 "bound water" 1559:1571 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 7 37 theme ∼ 1683:1683 arg1 % 1692:1692 ∼ 0.35 wt% 1683:1692 ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement 1683:1720 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 3 38 theme amorphous 455:463 arg1 domains 465:471 the water penetrating amorphous domains 433:471 the water penetrating amorphous domains 433:471 The coherent scattering length density of the water penetrating amorphous domains varied with time during the drying process to give a tunable scattering contrast to the water-resistant cellulose crystallites, thus the contrast variation was automatically performed by simply drying. 25537094 1 39 theme simultaneous 198:209 arg1 SANS 243:246 SANS 243:246 SANS 243:246 We present a time-resolved investigation of the natural drying process of microbial cellulose (MC) by means of simultaneous small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), intermediate-angle neutron scattering (IANS) and weighing techniques. 25537094 1 39 theme simultaneous 198:209 arg1 scattering 231:240 simultaneous small-angle neutron scattering 198:240 simultaneous small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) 198:247 We present a time-resolved investigation of the natural drying process of microbial cellulose (MC) by means of simultaneous small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), intermediate-angle neutron scattering (IANS) and weighing techniques. 25537094 7 40 from sample 1256:1261 arg1 region 1266:1271 region II 1266:1274 region II 1266:1274 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 7 41 theme 1-dimensional 1205:1217 arg1 regions 1155:1161 three time regions 1144:1161 three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion 1144:1290 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 7 41 theme 1-dimensional 1205:1217 arg1 shrinkage 1219:1227 a 1-dimensional shrinkage 1203:1227 a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II 1203:1274 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 4 42 theme composition 784:794 arg1 variation 796:804 the composition variation 780:804 the composition variation 780:804 IANS and weighing techniques were used to follow the macroscopic structural changes of the sample, i.e., the composition variation and the loss of the water. 25537094 1 43 theme neutron 223:229 arg1 SANS 243:246 SANS 243:246 SANS 243:246 We present a time-resolved investigation of the natural drying process of microbial cellulose (MC) by means of simultaneous small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), intermediate-angle neutron scattering (IANS) and weighing techniques. 25537094 1 43 theme neutron 223:229 arg1 scattering 231:240 simultaneous small-angle neutron scattering 198:240 simultaneous small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) 198:247 We present a time-resolved investigation of the natural drying process of microbial cellulose (MC) by means of simultaneous small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), intermediate-angle neutron scattering (IANS) and weighing techniques. 25537094 6 44 theme variation 987:995 arg1 crosscheck 961:970 the quantitative crosscheck 944:970 the quantitative crosscheck of composition variation by IANS and weighing 944:1016 In particular, the quantitative crosscheck of composition variation by IANS and weighing provides a full description of the drying process. 25537094 7 45 from region 1266:1271 arg1 thickness 1239:1247 the thickness 1235:1247 the thickness of the sample in region II 1235:1274 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 7 46 theme fibrils 1654:1660 arg1 surfaces 1632:1639 the surfaces 1628:1639 the surfaces of cellulose fibrils 1628:1660 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 6 47 theme process 1060:1066 arg1 description 1034:1044 a full description 1027:1044 a full description of the drying process 1027:1066 In particular, the quantitative crosscheck of composition variation by IANS and weighing provides a full description of the drying process. 25537094 5 48 theme composition 862:872 arg1 changes 874:880 both the structure and composition changes 839:880 changes 874:880 Thus, both the structure and composition changes during the whole drying process were resolved. 25537094 1 49 theme microbial 161:169 arg1 MC 182:183 MC 182:183 MC 182:183 We present a time-resolved investigation of the natural drying process of microbial cellulose (MC) by means of simultaneous small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), intermediate-angle neutron scattering (IANS) and weighing techniques. 25537094 1 49 theme microbial 161:169 arg1 cellulose 171:179 microbial cellulose 161:179 microbial cellulose (MC) 161:184 We present a time-resolved investigation of the natural drying process of microbial cellulose (MC) by means of simultaneous small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), intermediate-angle neutron scattering (IANS) and weighing techniques. 25537094 7 50 theme cellulose 1362:1370 arg1 fibrils 1372:1378 the cellulose fibrils 1358:1378 the cellulose fibrils 1358:1378 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 4 51 theme water 826:830 arg1 variation 796:804 the composition variation 780:804 the composition variation 780:804 IANS and weighing techniques were used to follow the macroscopic structural changes of the sample, i.e., the composition variation and the loss of the water. 25537094 4 51 theme water 826:830 arg1 loss 814:817 the loss 810:817 the loss of the water 810:830 IANS and weighing techniques were used to follow the macroscopic structural changes of the sample, i.e., the composition variation and the loss of the water. 25537094 7 52 theme water 1610:1614 arg1 layer 1601:1605 an extremely thin layer 1583:1605 an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils 1583:1660 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 7 52 theme water 1610:1614 arg1 " 1571:1571 "bound water" 1559:1571 "bound water" 1559:1571 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 7 53 from shrinkage 1219:1227 arg1 region 1193:1198 region I 1193:1200 region I 1193:1200 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 3 54 theme tunable 526:532 arg1 contrast 545:552 a tunable scattering contrast 524:552 a tunable scattering contrast 524:552 The coherent scattering length density of the water penetrating amorphous domains varied with time during the drying process to give a tunable scattering contrast to the water-resistant cellulose crystallites, thus the contrast variation was automatically performed by simply drying. 25537094 3 55 theme cellulose 577:585 arg1 crystallites 587:598 the water-resistant cellulose crystallites 557:598 the water-resistant cellulose crystallites 557:598 The coherent scattering length density of the water penetrating amorphous domains varied with time during the drying process to give a tunable scattering contrast to the water-resistant cellulose crystallites, thus the contrast variation was automatically performed by simply drying. 25537094 7 56 located observed 1384:1391 arg1 drying 1411:1416 the rapid drying 1401:1416 the rapid drying 1401:1416 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 7 56 located observed 1384:1391 arg2 crystallization 1323:1337 : i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization 1090:1337 : i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization 1090:1337 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 7 56 located observed 1384:1391 arg2 aggregation 1343:1353 aggregation 1343:1353 aggregation 1343:1353 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 7 56 located observed 1384:1391 arg1 methods 1437:1443 natural drying methods 1422:1443 natural drying methods 1422:1443 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 5 57 theme whole 893:897 arg1 process 906:912 the whole drying process 889:912 the whole drying process 889:912 Thus, both the structure and composition changes during the whole drying process were resolved. 25537094 7 58 theme 3-dimensional 1166:1178 arg1 regions 1155:1161 three time regions 1144:1161 three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion 1144:1290 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 7 58 theme 3-dimensional 1166:1178 arg1 shrinkage 1180:1188 a 3-dimensional shrinkage 1164:1188 a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I 1164:1200 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 5 59 theme structure 848:856 arg1 changes 874:880 both the structure and composition changes 839:880 changes 874:880 Thus, both the structure and composition changes during the whole drying process were resolved. 25537094 7 60 theme thin 1596:1599 arg1 layer 1601:1605 an extremely thin layer 1583:1605 an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils 1583:1660 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 7 60 theme thin 1596:1599 arg1 " 1571:1571 "bound water" 1559:1571 "bound water" 1559:1571 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 7 61 theme obvious 1480:1486 arg1 changes 1499:1505 obvious structural changes 1480:1505 obvious structural changes 1480:1505 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 4 62 theme IANS 675:678 arg1 techniques 693:702 IANS and weighing techniques 675:702 IANS and weighing techniques 675:702 IANS and weighing techniques were used to follow the macroscopic structural changes of the sample, i.e., the composition variation and the loss of the water. 25537094 1 63 theme process 150:156 arg1 investigation 114:126 a time-resolved investigation 98:126 a time-resolved investigation of the natural drying process of microbial cellulose (MC) 98:184 We present a time-resolved investigation of the natural drying process of microbial cellulose (MC) by means of simultaneous small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), intermediate-angle neutron scattering (IANS) and weighing techniques. 25537094 6 64 theme composition 975:985 arg1 variation 987:995 composition variation 975:995 composition variation 975:995 In particular, the quantitative crosscheck of composition variation by IANS and weighing provides a full description of the drying process. 25537094 2 65 used used 329:332 arg2 SANS 320:323 SANS 320:323 SANS 320:323 SANS was used to elucidate the microscopic structure of the MC sample. 25537094 4 66 theme weighing 684:691 arg1 techniques 693:702 IANS and weighing techniques 675:702 IANS and weighing techniques 675:702 IANS and weighing techniques were used to follow the macroscopic structural changes of the sample, i.e., the composition variation and the loss of the water. 25537094 7 67 theme time 1150:1153 arg1 completion 1281:1290 completion 1281:1290 completion 1281:1290 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 7 67 theme time 1150:1153 arg1 regions 1155:1161 three time regions 1144:1161 three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion 1144:1290 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 7 67 theme time 1150:1153 arg1 shrinkage 1219:1227 a 1-dimensional shrinkage 1203:1227 a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II 1203:1274 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 7 67 theme time 1150:1153 arg1 shrinkage 1180:1188 a 3-dimensional shrinkage 1164:1188 a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I 1164:1200 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 7 68 theme SANS 1771:1774 arg1 results 1776:1782 SANS results 1771:1782 SANS results 1771:1782 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 7 69 theme rapid 1454:1458 arg1 drying 1460:1465 the rapid drying 1450:1465 the rapid drying even 1450:1470 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 7 70 dep divided 1131:1137 arg1 ii 1307:1308 ii 1307:1308 ii 1307:1308 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 7 70 dep divided 1131:1137 arg1 i 1092:1092 i 1092:1092 i 1092:1092 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 4 71 used used 709:712 arg2 techniques 693:702 IANS and weighing techniques 675:702 IANS and weighing techniques 675:702 IANS and weighing techniques were used to follow the macroscopic structural changes of the sample, i.e., the composition variation and the loss of the water. 25537094 7 72 theme " 1571:1571 arg1 amount 1549:1554 the amount 1545:1554 the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, 1545:1661 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 7 72 theme " 1571:1571 arg1 % 1692:1692 ∼ 0.35 wt% 1683:1692 ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement 1683:1720 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 7 72 theme " 1571:1571 arg1 layer 1601:1605 an extremely thin layer 1583:1605 an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils 1583:1660 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 7 72 theme " 1571:1571 arg1 " 1571:1571 "bound water" 1559:1571 "bound water" 1559:1571 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 6 73 theme drying 1053:1058 arg1 process 1060:1066 the drying process 1049:1066 the drying process 1049:1066 In particular, the quantitative crosscheck of composition variation by IANS and weighing provides a full description of the drying process. 25537094 4 74 theme sample 766:771 arg1 changes 751:757 the macroscopic structural changes 724:757 the macroscopic structural changes 724:757 IANS and weighing techniques were used to follow the macroscopic structural changes of the sample, i.e., the composition variation and the loss of the water. 25537094 7 75 theme bound 1560:1564 arg1 layer 1601:1605 an extremely thin layer 1583:1605 an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils 1583:1660 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 7 75 theme bound 1560:1564 arg1 " 1571:1571 "bound water" 1559:1571 "bound water" 1559:1571 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 7 76 theme sample 1256:1261 arg1 thickness 1239:1247 the thickness 1235:1247 the thickness of the sample in region II 1235:1274 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 2 77 theme microscopic 351:361 arg1 structure 363:371 the microscopic structure 347:371 the microscopic structure of the MC sample 347:388 SANS was used to elucidate the microscopic structure of the MC sample. 25537094 0 78 theme microbial 26:34 arg1 cellulose 36:44 microbial cellulose 26:44 microbial cellulose 26:44 Hierarchical structure in microbial cellulose: what happens during the drying process. 25537094 1 79 theme neutron 269:275 arg1 scattering 277:286 intermediate-angle neutron scattering 250:286 intermediate-angle neutron scattering (IANS) 250:293 We present a time-resolved investigation of the natural drying process of microbial cellulose (MC) by means of simultaneous small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), intermediate-angle neutron scattering (IANS) and weighing techniques. 25537094 1 79 theme neutron 269:275 arg1 IANS 289:292 IANS 289:292 IANS 289:292 We present a time-resolved investigation of the natural drying process of microbial cellulose (MC) by means of simultaneous small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), intermediate-angle neutron scattering (IANS) and weighing techniques. 25537094 6 80 theme full 1029:1032 arg1 description 1034:1044 a full description 1027:1044 a full description of the drying process 1027:1066 In particular, the quantitative crosscheck of composition variation by IANS and weighing provides a full description of the drying process. 25537094 4 81 theme structural 740:749 arg1 changes 751:757 the macroscopic structural changes 724:757 the macroscopic structural changes 724:757 IANS and weighing techniques were used to follow the macroscopic structural changes of the sample, i.e., the composition variation and the loss of the water. 25537094 3 82 theme penetrating 443:453 arg1 domains 465:471 the water penetrating amorphous domains 433:471 the water penetrating amorphous domains 433:471 The coherent scattering length density of the water penetrating amorphous domains varied with time during the drying process to give a tunable scattering contrast to the water-resistant cellulose crystallites, thus the contrast variation was automatically performed by simply drying. 25537094 7 83 theme natural 1099:1105 arg1 process 1114:1120 The natural drying process 1095:1120 The natural drying process 1095:1120 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 2 84 theme MC 380:381 arg1 sample 383:388 the MC sample 376:388 the MC sample 376:388 SANS was used to elucidate the microscopic structure of the MC sample. 25537094 7 85 theme weighing 1701:1708 arg1 measurement 1710:1720 the weighing measurement 1697:1720 the weighing measurement 1697:1720 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 7 86 from thickness 1239:1247 arg1 region 1266:1271 region II 1266:1274 region II 1266:1274 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 1 87 theme weighing 299:306 arg1 techniques 308:317 simultaneous small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), intermediate-angle neutron scattering (IANS) and weighing techniques 198:317 simultaneous small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), intermediate-angle neutron scattering (IANS) and weighing techniques 198:317 We present a time-resolved investigation of the natural drying process of microbial cellulose (MC) by means of simultaneous small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), intermediate-angle neutron scattering (IANS) and weighing techniques. 25537094 7 88 theme drying 1430:1435 arg1 methods 1437:1443 natural drying methods 1422:1443 natural drying methods 1422:1443 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 7 89 dep regions 1155:1161 arg1 completion 1281:1290 completion 1281:1290 completion 1281:1290 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 7 89 dep regions 1155:1161 arg1 regions 1155:1161 three time regions 1144:1161 three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion 1144:1290 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 7 89 dep regions 1155:1161 arg1 shrinkage 1219:1227 a 1-dimensional shrinkage 1203:1227 a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II 1203:1274 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 7 89 dep regions 1155:1161 arg1 shrinkage 1180:1188 a 3-dimensional shrinkage 1164:1188 a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I 1164:1200 Our results show that: i) The natural drying process could be divided into three time regions: a 3-dimensional shrinkage in region I, a 1-dimensional shrinkage along the thickness of the sample in region II, and completion in region III; ii) the further crystallization and aggregation of the cellulose fibrils are observed in both the rapid drying and natural drying methods, and the rapid drying even induces obvious structural changes in the length scale of 7-125 nm; iii) the amount of "bound water", which is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding the surfaces of cellulose fibrils, was estimated to be ∼ 0.35 wt% by the weighing measurement and was verified by the quantitative analysis of SANS results. 25537094 3 90 theme domains 465:471 arg1 density 422:428 The coherent scattering length density 391:428 The coherent scattering length density of the water penetrating amorphous domains 391:471 The coherent scattering length density of the water penetrating amorphous domains varied with time during the drying process to give a tunable scattering contrast to the water-resistant cellulose crystallites, thus the contrast variation was automatically performed by simply drying. 25537094 1 91 theme small-angle 211:221 arg1 SANS 243:246 SANS 243:246 SANS 243:246 We present a time-resolved investigation of the natural drying process of microbial cellulose (MC) by means of simultaneous small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), intermediate-angle neutron scattering (IANS) and weighing techniques. 25537094 1 91 theme small-angle 211:221 arg1 scattering 231:240 simultaneous small-angle neutron scattering 198:240 simultaneous small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) 198:247 We present a time-resolved investigation of the natural drying process of microbial cellulose (MC) by means of simultaneous small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), intermediate-angle neutron scattering (IANS) and weighing techniques. 25537094 0 92 dep structure 13:21 arg1 cellulose 36:44 microbial cellulose 26:44 microbial cellulose 26:44 Hierarchical structure in microbial cellulose: what happens during the drying process. 25537094 3 93 theme drying 501:506 arg1 process 508:514 the drying process 497:514 the drying process 497:514 The coherent scattering length density of the water penetrating amorphous domains varied with time during the drying process to give a tunable scattering contrast to the water-resistant cellulose crystallites, thus the contrast variation was automatically performed by simply drying. 25537094 1 94 theme scattering 231:240 arg1 techniques 308:317 simultaneous small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), intermediate-angle neutron scattering (IANS) and weighing techniques 198:317 simultaneous small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), intermediate-angle neutron scattering (IANS) and weighing techniques 198:317 We present a time-resolved investigation of the natural drying process of microbial cellulose (MC) by means of simultaneous small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), intermediate-angle neutron scattering (IANS) and weighing techniques. 26996258 6 0 theme chemical 971:978 arg1 systems 1002:1008 chemical preservative delivery systems 971:1008 chemical preservative delivery systems 971:1008 The produced nano-tubular cellulose shows potential for application to drug and chemical preservative delivery systems. 26996258 2 1 theme concentration 328:340 arg1 effect 311:316 The effect 307:316 The effect of enzyme concentration and treatment duration on surface characteristics 307:390 The effect of enzyme concentration and treatment duration on surface characteristics was studied and the samples were analyzed with BET, SEM and XRD. 26996258 4 2 dep along 728:732 arg1 with 734:737 with 734:737 with 734:737 For TC, the optimum enzyme concentration (640U) led to significant increase of TC specific surface area and pore volume along with the reduction of pore diameter. 26996258 2 3 theme enzyme 321:326 arg1 concentration 328:340 enzyme concentration 321:340 enzyme concentration 321:340 The effect of enzyme concentration and treatment duration on surface characteristics was studied and the samples were analyzed with BET, SEM and XRD. 26996258 1 4 theme Trichoderma 227:237 arg1 cellulase 246:254 a Trichoderma reesei cellulase 225:254 a Trichoderma reesei cellulase 225:254 In this study, tubular cellulose (TC), a porous cellulosic material produced by delignification of sawdust, was treated with a Trichoderma reesei cellulase in order to increase the proportion of nano-tubes. 26996258 3 5 with combination 546:556 arg1 enzymes 599:605 amylase (320U) and cellulase (320U) enzymes 563:605 enzymes 599:605 Also, a composite material of gelatinized starch and TC underwent enzymatic treatment in combination with amylase (320U) and cellulase (320U) enzymes. 26996258 3 5 with combination 546:556 arg1 320U 572:575 amylase (320U) and cellulase (320U) enzymes 563:605 320U 572:575 Also, a composite material of gelatinized starch and TC underwent enzymatic treatment in combination with amylase (320U) and cellulase (320U) enzymes. 26996258 0 6 from Production 0:9 arg1 materials 57:65 delignified porous cellulosic materials 27:65 delignified porous cellulosic materials 27:65 Production of nanotubes in delignified porous cellulosic materials after hydrolysis with cellulase. 26996258 4 7 theme specific 690:697 arg1 area 707:710 TC specific surface area 687:710 TC specific surface area 687:710 For TC, the optimum enzyme concentration (640U) led to significant increase of TC specific surface area and pore volume along with the reduction of pore diameter. 26996258 5 8 theme cellulose 860:868 arg1 index 884:888 cellulose crystallinity index 860:888 cellulose crystallinity index 860:888 It was also shown that the enzymatic treatment did not result to a significant change of cellulose crystallinity index. 26996258 1 9 theme reesei 239:244 arg1 cellulase 246:254 a Trichoderma reesei cellulase 225:254 a Trichoderma reesei cellulase 225:254 In this study, tubular cellulose (TC), a porous cellulosic material produced by delignification of sawdust, was treated with a Trichoderma reesei cellulase in order to increase the proportion of nano-tubes. 26996258 5 10 theme significant 838:848 arg1 change 850:855 a significant change 836:855 a significant change of cellulose crystallinity index 836:888 It was also shown that the enzymatic treatment did not result to a significant change of cellulose crystallinity index. 26996258 5 11 theme index 884:888 arg1 change 850:855 a significant change 836:855 a significant change of cellulose crystallinity index 836:888 It was also shown that the enzymatic treatment did not result to a significant change of cellulose crystallinity index. 26996258 0 12 with hydrolysis 73:82 arg1 cellulase 89:97 cellulase 89:97 cellulase 89:97 Production of nanotubes in delignified porous cellulosic materials after hydrolysis with cellulase. 26996258 3 13 theme TC 510:511 arg1 material 475:482 a composite material 463:482 a composite material of gelatinized starch and TC 463:511 Also, a composite material of gelatinized starch and TC underwent enzymatic treatment in combination with amylase (320U) and cellulase (320U) enzymes. 26996258 6 14 theme produced 895:902 arg1 cellulose 917:925 The produced nano-tubular cellulose 891:925 The produced nano-tubular cellulose 891:925 The produced nano-tubular cellulose shows potential for application to drug and chemical preservative delivery systems. 26996258 4 15 theme enzyme 628:633 arg1 640U 650:653 640U 650:653 640U 650:653 For TC, the optimum enzyme concentration (640U) led to significant increase of TC specific surface area and pore volume along with the reduction of pore diameter. 26996258 4 15 theme enzyme 628:633 arg1 concentration 635:647 the optimum enzyme concentration 616:647 the optimum enzyme concentration (640U) 616:654 For TC, the optimum enzyme concentration (640U) led to significant increase of TC specific surface area and pore volume along with the reduction of pore diameter. 26996258 4 16 theme diameter 761:768 arg1 reduction 743:751 the reduction 739:751 significant increase of TC specific surface area and pore volume along with the reduction of pore diameter 663:768 For TC, the optimum enzyme concentration (640U) led to significant increase of TC specific surface area and pore volume along with the reduction of pore diameter. 26996258 2 17 from effect 311:316 arg1 characteristics 376:390 surface characteristics 368:390 surface characteristics 368:390 The effect of enzyme concentration and treatment duration on surface characteristics was studied and the samples were analyzed with BET, SEM and XRD. 26996258 3 18 theme gelatinized 487:497 arg1 starch 499:504 gelatinized starch 487:504 gelatinized starch 487:504 Also, a composite material of gelatinized starch and TC underwent enzymatic treatment in combination with amylase (320U) and cellulase (320U) enzymes. 26996258 1 19 theme porous 141:146 arg1 material 159:166 a porous cellulosic material 139:166 a porous cellulosic material produced by delignification of sawdust 139:205 In this study, tubular cellulose (TC), a porous cellulosic material produced by delignification of sawdust, was treated with a Trichoderma reesei cellulase in order to increase the proportion of nano-tubes. 26996258 1 19 theme porous 141:146 arg1 cellulose 123:131 tubular cellulose 115:131 tubular cellulose (TC) 115:136 In this study, tubular cellulose (TC), a porous cellulosic material produced by delignification of sawdust, was treated with a Trichoderma reesei cellulase in order to increase the proportion of nano-tubes. 26996258 4 20 theme pore 756:759 arg1 diameter 761:768 pore diameter 756:768 pore diameter 756:768 For TC, the optimum enzyme concentration (640U) led to significant increase of TC specific surface area and pore volume along with the reduction of pore diameter. 26996258 3 21 theme starch 499:504 arg1 material 475:482 a composite material 463:482 a composite material of gelatinized starch and TC 463:511 Also, a composite material of gelatinized starch and TC underwent enzymatic treatment in combination with amylase (320U) and cellulase (320U) enzymes. 26996258 1 22 theme cellulosic 148:157 arg1 material 159:166 a porous cellulosic material 139:166 a porous cellulosic material produced by delignification of sawdust 139:205 In this study, tubular cellulose (TC), a porous cellulosic material produced by delignification of sawdust, was treated with a Trichoderma reesei cellulase in order to increase the proportion of nano-tubes. 26996258 1 22 theme cellulosic 148:157 arg1 cellulose 123:131 tubular cellulose 115:131 tubular cellulose (TC) 115:136 In this study, tubular cellulose (TC), a porous cellulosic material produced by delignification of sawdust, was treated with a Trichoderma reesei cellulase in order to increase the proportion of nano-tubes. 26996258 4 23 theme significant 663:673 arg1 increase 675:682 significant increase 663:682 significant increase of TC specific surface area and pore volume along with the reduction of pore diameter 663:768 For TC, the optimum enzyme concentration (640U) led to significant increase of TC specific surface area and pore volume along with the reduction of pore diameter. 26996258 2 24 theme duration 356:363 arg1 effect 311:316 The effect 307:316 The effect of enzyme concentration and treatment duration on surface characteristics 307:390 The effect of enzyme concentration and treatment duration on surface characteristics was studied and the samples were analyzed with BET, SEM and XRD. 26996258 5 25 theme crystallinity 870:882 arg1 index 884:888 cellulose crystallinity index 860:888 cellulose crystallinity index 860:888 It was also shown that the enzymatic treatment did not result to a significant change of cellulose crystallinity index. 26996258 0 26 theme nanotubes 14:22 arg1 Production 0:9 Production 0:9 Production of nanotubes in delignified porous cellulosic materials after hydrolysis with cellulase. 0:98 Production of nanotubes in delignified porous cellulosic materials after hydrolysis with cellulase. 26996258 4 27 theme area 707:710 arg1 increase 675:682 significant increase 663:682 significant increase of TC specific surface area and pore volume along with the reduction of pore diameter 663:768 For TC, the optimum enzyme concentration (640U) led to significant increase of TC specific surface area and pore volume along with the reduction of pore diameter. 26996258 3 28 theme enzymatic 523:531 arg1 treatment 533:541 enzymatic treatment 523:541 enzymatic treatment 523:541 Also, a composite material of gelatinized starch and TC underwent enzymatic treatment in combination with amylase (320U) and cellulase (320U) enzymes. 26996258 4 29 theme optimum 620:626 arg1 640U 650:653 640U 650:653 640U 650:653 For TC, the optimum enzyme concentration (640U) led to significant increase of TC specific surface area and pore volume along with the reduction of pore diameter. 26996258 4 29 theme optimum 620:626 arg1 concentration 635:647 the optimum enzyme concentration 616:647 the optimum enzyme concentration (640U) 616:654 For TC, the optimum enzyme concentration (640U) led to significant increase of TC specific surface area and pore volume along with the reduction of pore diameter. 26996258 0 30 theme porous 39:44 arg1 materials 57:65 delignified porous cellulosic materials 27:65 delignified porous cellulosic materials 27:65 Production of nanotubes in delignified porous cellulosic materials after hydrolysis with cellulase. 26996258 3 31 theme amylase 563:569 arg1 320U 572:575 amylase (320U) and cellulase (320U) enzymes 563:605 320U 572:575 Also, a composite material of gelatinized starch and TC underwent enzymatic treatment in combination with amylase (320U) and cellulase (320U) enzymes. 26996258 6 32 theme delivery 993:1000 arg1 systems 1002:1008 chemical preservative delivery systems 971:1008 chemical preservative delivery systems 971:1008 The produced nano-tubular cellulose shows potential for application to drug and chemical preservative delivery systems. 26996258 0 33 theme delignified 27:37 arg1 materials 57:65 delignified porous cellulosic materials 27:65 delignified porous cellulosic materials 27:65 Production of nanotubes in delignified porous cellulosic materials after hydrolysis with cellulase. 26996258 1 34 theme sawdust 199:205 arg1 delignification 180:194 delignification 180:194 delignification of sawdust 180:205 In this study, tubular cellulose (TC), a porous cellulosic material produced by delignification of sawdust, was treated with a Trichoderma reesei cellulase in order to increase the proportion of nano-tubes. 26996258 3 35 theme 320U 593:596 arg1 enzymes 599:605 amylase (320U) and cellulase (320U) enzymes 563:605 enzymes 599:605 Also, a composite material of gelatinized starch and TC underwent enzymatic treatment in combination with amylase (320U) and cellulase (320U) enzymes. 26996258 0 36 theme cellulosic 46:55 arg1 materials 57:65 delignified porous cellulosic materials 27:65 delignified porous cellulosic materials 27:65 Production of nanotubes in delignified porous cellulosic materials after hydrolysis with cellulase. 26996258 3 37 theme composite 465:473 arg1 material 475:482 a composite material 463:482 a composite material of gelatinized starch and TC 463:511 Also, a composite material of gelatinized starch and TC underwent enzymatic treatment in combination with amylase (320U) and cellulase (320U) enzymes. 26996258 1 38 theme tubular 115:121 arg1 cellulose 123:131 tubular cellulose 115:131 tubular cellulose (TC) 115:136 In this study, tubular cellulose (TC), a porous cellulosic material produced by delignification of sawdust, was treated with a Trichoderma reesei cellulase in order to increase the proportion of nano-tubes. 26996258 1 38 theme tubular 115:121 arg1 material 159:166 a porous cellulosic material 139:166 a porous cellulosic material produced by delignification of sawdust 139:205 In this study, tubular cellulose (TC), a porous cellulosic material produced by delignification of sawdust, was treated with a Trichoderma reesei cellulase in order to increase the proportion of nano-tubes. 26996258 1 38 theme tubular 115:121 arg1 TC 134:135 TC 134:135 TC 134:135 In this study, tubular cellulose (TC), a porous cellulosic material produced by delignification of sawdust, was treated with a Trichoderma reesei cellulase in order to increase the proportion of nano-tubes. 26996258 1 39 theme nano-tubes 295:304 arg1 proportion 281:290 the proportion 277:290 the proportion of nano-tubes 277:304 In this study, tubular cellulose (TC), a porous cellulosic material produced by delignification of sawdust, was treated with a Trichoderma reesei cellulase in order to increase the proportion of nano-tubes. 26996258 4 40 theme pore 716:719 arg1 volume 721:726 pore volume 716:726 pore volume 716:726 For TC, the optimum enzyme concentration (640U) led to significant increase of TC specific surface area and pore volume along with the reduction of pore diameter. 26996258 4 41 theme surface 699:705 arg1 area 707:710 TC specific surface area 687:710 TC specific surface area 687:710 For TC, the optimum enzyme concentration (640U) led to significant increase of TC specific surface area and pore volume along with the reduction of pore diameter. 26996258 3 42 theme cellulase 582:590 arg1 enzymes 599:605 amylase (320U) and cellulase (320U) enzymes 563:605 enzymes 599:605 Also, a composite material of gelatinized starch and TC underwent enzymatic treatment in combination with amylase (320U) and cellulase (320U) enzymes. 26996258 6 43 theme preservative 980:991 arg1 systems 1002:1008 chemical preservative delivery systems 971:1008 chemical preservative delivery systems 971:1008 The produced nano-tubular cellulose shows potential for application to drug and chemical preservative delivery systems. 26996258 2 44 theme treatment 346:354 arg1 duration 356:363 treatment duration 346:363 treatment duration 346:363 The effect of enzyme concentration and treatment duration on surface characteristics was studied and the samples were analyzed with BET, SEM and XRD. 26996258 2 45 theme surface 368:374 arg1 characteristics 376:390 surface characteristics 368:390 surface characteristics 368:390 The effect of enzyme concentration and treatment duration on surface characteristics was studied and the samples were analyzed with BET, SEM and XRD. 26996258 6 46 theme nano-tubular 904:915 arg1 cellulose 917:925 The produced nano-tubular cellulose 891:925 The produced nano-tubular cellulose 891:925 The produced nano-tubular cellulose shows potential for application to drug and chemical preservative delivery systems. 26996258 4 47 theme volume 721:726 arg1 increase 675:682 significant increase 663:682 significant increase of TC specific surface area and pore volume along with the reduction of pore diameter 663:768 For TC, the optimum enzyme concentration (640U) led to significant increase of TC specific surface area and pore volume along with the reduction of pore diameter. 26996258 5 48 theme enzymatic 798:806 arg1 treatment 808:816 the enzymatic treatment 794:816 the enzymatic treatment 794:816 It was also shown that the enzymatic treatment did not result to a significant change of cellulose crystallinity index. 25213173 1 0 theme former 339:344 arg1 V17 325:327 the superdisintegrant Explotab® V17 293:327 the superdisintegrant Explotab® V17 293:327 To prepare swellable/erodible time-dependent colon delivery systems with improved efficiency in delaying drug release, the application of an outer Eudragit® NE film, which contained the superdisintegrant Explotab® V17 as a pore former, was attempted. 25213173 1 0 theme former 339:344 arg1 pore 334:337 a pore former 332:344 a pore former 332:344 To prepare swellable/erodible time-dependent colon delivery systems with improved efficiency in delaying drug release, the application of an outer Eudragit® NE film, which contained the superdisintegrant Explotab® V17 as a pore former, was attempted. 25213173 1 1 with systems 171:177 arg1 efficiency 193:202 improved efficiency 184:202 improved efficiency 184:202 To prepare swellable/erodible time-dependent colon delivery systems with improved efficiency in delaying drug release, the application of an outer Eudragit® NE film, which contained the superdisintegrant Explotab® V17 as a pore former, was attempted. 25213173 0 2 with systems 39:45 arg1 efficiency 61:70 improved efficiency 52:70 improved efficiency 52:70 Erodible time-dependent colon delivery systems with improved efficiency in delaying the onset of drug release. 25213173 1 3 theme Eudragit® 258:266 arg1 film 271:274 an outer Eudragit® NE film 249:274 an outer Eudragit® NE film 249:274 To prepare swellable/erodible time-dependent colon delivery systems with improved efficiency in delaying drug release, the application of an outer Eudragit® NE film, which contained the superdisintegrant Explotab® V17 as a pore former, was attempted. 25213173 5 4 theme thickness 1079:1087 arg1 phase 1033:1037 the in vitro lag phase 1016:1037 the in vitro lag phase imparted by HPMC 1016:1054 The films containing 20% of Explotab® V17 effectively and consistently prolonged the in vitro lag phase imparted by HPMC as a function of their thickness. 25213173 5 4 theme thickness 1079:1087 arg1 function 1061:1068 a function 1059:1068 a function of their thickness 1059:1087 The films containing 20% of Explotab® V17 effectively and consistently prolonged the in vitro lag phase imparted by HPMC as a function of their thickness. 25213173 5 5 theme in 1020:1021 arg1 phase 1033:1037 the in vitro lag phase 1016:1037 the in vitro lag phase imparted by HPMC 1016:1054 The films containing 20% of Explotab® V17 effectively and consistently prolonged the in vitro lag phase imparted by HPMC as a function of their thickness. 25213173 5 5 theme in 1020:1021 arg1 function 1061:1068 a function 1059:1068 a function of their thickness 1059:1087 The films containing 20% of Explotab® V17 effectively and consistently prolonged the in vitro lag phase imparted by HPMC as a function of their thickness. 25213173 1 6 theme NE 268:269 arg1 film 271:274 an outer Eudragit® NE film 249:274 an outer Eudragit® NE film 249:274 To prepare swellable/erodible time-dependent colon delivery systems with improved efficiency in delaying drug release, the application of an outer Eudragit® NE film, which contained the superdisintegrant Explotab® V17 as a pore former, was attempted. 25213173 0 7 theme drug 97:100 arg1 release 102:108 drug release 97:108 drug release 97:108 Erodible time-dependent colon delivery systems with improved efficiency in delaying the onset of drug release. 25213173 8 8 theme dosage 1476:1481 arg1 forms 1483:1487 multiple-unit dosage forms 1462:1487 multiple-unit dosage forms 1462:1487 The results obtained indicated that the proposed strategy would enable the preparation of erodible delivery systems with reduced size, possibly suitable as multiple-unit dosage forms. 25213173 6 9 theme outer 1164:1168 arg1 composition 1175:1185 this outer film composition 1159:1185 this outer film composition 1159:1185 Stored for 3 years under ambient conditions, a two-layer system with this outer film composition pointed out unmodified release patterns. 25213173 4 10 theme lag 731:733 arg1 times 735:739 longer lag times 724:739 longer lag times 724:739 By raising the thickness of the outer film, longer lag times were generally observed, whereas the effectiveness in deferring the drug liberation was reduced by increasing the pore former content, which, however, also resulted in a lower data variability. 25213173 1 11 theme film 271:274 arg1 application 234:244 the application 230:244 the application of an outer Eudragit® NE film, which contained the superdisintegrant Explotab® V17 as a pore former, 230:345 To prepare swellable/erodible time-dependent colon delivery systems with improved efficiency in delaying drug release, the application of an outer Eudragit® NE film, which contained the superdisintegrant Explotab® V17 as a pore former, was attempted. 25213173 4 12 theme former 860:865 arg1 content 867:873 the pore former content 851:873 the pore former content 851:873 By raising the thickness of the outer film, longer lag times were generally observed, whereas the effectiveness in deferring the drug liberation was reduced by increasing the pore former content, which, however, also resulted in a lower data variability. 25213173 5 13 contain containing 945:954 arg1 films 939:943 The films 935:943 The films containing 20% of Explotab® V17 935:975 The films containing 20% of Explotab® V17 effectively and consistently prolonged the in vitro lag phase imparted by HPMC as a function of their thickness. 25213173 5 13 contain containing 945:954 arg2 V17 973:975 V17 973:975 V17 973:975 The films containing 20% of Explotab® V17 effectively and consistently prolonged the in vitro lag phase imparted by HPMC as a function of their thickness. 25213173 5 13 contain containing 945:954 arg2 % 958:958 20% 956:958 20% of Explotab® V17 956:975 The films containing 20% of Explotab® V17 effectively and consistently prolonged the in vitro lag phase imparted by HPMC as a function of their thickness. 25213173 4 14 theme outer 712:716 arg1 film 718:721 the outer film 708:721 the outer film 708:721 By raising the thickness of the outer film, longer lag times were generally observed, whereas the effectiveness in deferring the drug liberation was reduced by increasing the pore former content, which, however, also resulted in a lower data variability. 25213173 6 15 theme unmodified 1199:1208 arg1 patterns 1218:1225 unmodified release patterns 1199:1225 unmodified release patterns 1199:1225 Stored for 3 years under ambient conditions, a two-layer system with this outer film composition pointed out unmodified release patterns. 25213173 6 16 theme release 1210:1216 arg1 patterns 1218:1225 unmodified release patterns 1199:1225 unmodified release patterns 1199:1225 Stored for 3 years under ambient conditions, a two-layer system with this outer film composition pointed out unmodified release patterns. 25213173 1 17 contain contained 283:291 arg2 pore 334:337 a pore former 332:344 a pore former 332:344 To prepare swellable/erodible time-dependent colon delivery systems with improved efficiency in delaying drug release, the application of an outer Eudragit® NE film, which contained the superdisintegrant Explotab® V17 as a pore former, was attempted. 25213173 1 17 contain contained 283:291 arg2 V17 325:327 the superdisintegrant Explotab® V17 293:327 the superdisintegrant Explotab® V17 293:327 To prepare swellable/erodible time-dependent colon delivery systems with improved efficiency in delaying drug release, the application of an outer Eudragit® NE film, which contained the superdisintegrant Explotab® V17 as a pore former, was attempted. 25213173 1 17 contain contained 283:291 arg1 film 271:274 an outer Eudragit® NE film 249:274 an outer Eudragit® NE film 249:274 To prepare swellable/erodible time-dependent colon delivery systems with improved efficiency in delaying drug release, the application of an outer Eudragit® NE film, which contained the superdisintegrant Explotab® V17 as a pore former, was attempted. 25213173 1 18 theme improved 184:191 arg1 efficiency 193:202 improved efficiency 184:202 improved efficiency 184:202 To prepare swellable/erodible time-dependent colon delivery systems with improved efficiency in delaying drug release, the application of an outer Eudragit® NE film, which contained the superdisintegrant Explotab® V17 as a pore former, was attempted. 25213173 0 19 theme release 102:108 arg1 onset 88:92 the onset 84:92 the onset of drug release 84:108 Erodible time-dependent colon delivery systems with improved efficiency in delaying the onset of drug release. 25213173 4 20 theme pore 855:858 arg1 content 867:873 the pore former content 851:873 the pore former content 851:873 By raising the thickness of the outer film, longer lag times were generally observed, whereas the effectiveness in deferring the drug liberation was reduced by increasing the pore former content, which, however, also resulted in a lower data variability. 25213173 0 21 theme time-dependent 9:22 arg1 systems 39:45 time-dependent colon delivery systems 9:45 time-dependent colon delivery systems with improved efficiency 9:70 Erodible time-dependent colon delivery systems with improved efficiency in delaying the onset of drug release. 25213173 8 22 theme proposed 1346:1353 arg1 strategy 1355:1362 the proposed strategy 1342:1362 the proposed strategy 1342:1362 The results obtained indicated that the proposed strategy would enable the preparation of erodible delivery systems with reduced size, possibly suitable as multiple-unit dosage forms. 25213173 4 23 theme longer 724:729 arg1 times 735:739 longer lag times 724:739 longer lag times 724:739 By raising the thickness of the outer film, longer lag times were generally observed, whereas the effectiveness in deferring the drug liberation was reduced by increasing the pore former content, which, however, also resulted in a lower data variability. 25213173 8 24 theme erodible 1396:1403 arg1 systems 1414:1420 erodible delivery systems 1396:1420 erodible delivery systems 1396:1420 The results obtained indicated that the proposed strategy would enable the preparation of erodible delivery systems with reduced size, possibly suitable as multiple-unit dosage forms. 25213173 7 25 theme gastroresistance 1259:1274 arg1 criteria 1276:1283 gastroresistance criteria 1259:1283 gastroresistance criteria 1259:1283 The same system proved to meet gastroresistance criteria when enteric coated. 25213173 6 26 theme two-layer 1137:1145 arg1 system 1147:1152 a two-layer system 1135:1152 a two-layer system with this outer film composition 1135:1185 Stored for 3 years under ambient conditions, a two-layer system with this outer film composition pointed out unmodified release patterns. 25213173 4 27 theme lower 911:915 arg1 variability 922:932 a lower data variability 909:932 a lower data variability 909:932 By raising the thickness of the outer film, longer lag times were generally observed, whereas the effectiveness in deferring the drug liberation was reduced by increasing the pore former content, which, however, also resulted in a lower data variability. 25213173 0 28 theme delivery 30:37 arg1 systems 39:45 time-dependent colon delivery systems 9:45 time-dependent colon delivery systems with improved efficiency 9:70 Erodible time-dependent colon delivery systems with improved efficiency in delaying the onset of drug release. 25213173 2 29 theme Tablet 362:367 arg1 cores 369:373 Tablet cores 362:373 Tablet cores 362:373 Tablet cores were successively spray-coated with a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) solution and diluted Eudragit® NE 30 D, wherein fixed amounts of Explotab® V17 were present. 25213173 3 30 theme resulting 547:555 arg1 systems 567:573 The resulting two-layer systems 543:573 The resulting two-layer systems 543:573 The resulting two-layer systems yielded lag phases of extended duration as compared with formulations provided with the HPMC layer only. 25213173 1 31 theme drug 216:219 arg1 release 221:227 drug release 216:227 drug release 216:227 To prepare swellable/erodible time-dependent colon delivery systems with improved efficiency in delaying drug release, the application of an outer Eudragit® NE film, which contained the superdisintegrant Explotab® V17 as a pore former, was attempted. 25213173 0 32 theme colon 24:28 arg1 systems 39:45 time-dependent colon delivery systems 9:45 time-dependent colon delivery systems with improved efficiency 9:70 Erodible time-dependent colon delivery systems with improved efficiency in delaying the onset of drug release. 25213173 6 33 theme ambient 1115:1121 arg1 conditions 1123:1132 ambient conditions 1115:1132 ambient conditions 1115:1132 Stored for 3 years under ambient conditions, a two-layer system with this outer film composition pointed out unmodified release patterns. 25213173 5 34 theme lag 1029:1031 arg1 phase 1033:1037 the in vitro lag phase 1016:1037 the in vitro lag phase imparted by HPMC 1016:1054 The films containing 20% of Explotab® V17 effectively and consistently prolonged the in vitro lag phase imparted by HPMC as a function of their thickness. 25213173 5 34 theme lag 1029:1031 arg1 function 1061:1068 a function 1059:1068 a function of their thickness 1059:1087 The films containing 20% of Explotab® V17 effectively and consistently prolonged the in vitro lag phase imparted by HPMC as a function of their thickness. 25213173 3 35 theme two-layer 557:565 arg1 systems 567:573 The resulting two-layer systems 543:573 The resulting two-layer systems 543:573 The resulting two-layer systems yielded lag phases of extended duration as compared with formulations provided with the HPMC layer only. 25213173 2 36 theme methylcellulose 427:441 arg1 solution 450:457 a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) solution 411:457 a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) solution 411:457 Tablet cores were successively spray-coated with a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) solution and diluted Eudragit® NE 30 D, wherein fixed amounts of Explotab® V17 were present. 25213173 1 37 theme superdisintegrant 297:313 arg1 V17 325:327 the superdisintegrant Explotab® V17 293:327 the superdisintegrant Explotab® V17 293:327 To prepare swellable/erodible time-dependent colon delivery systems with improved efficiency in delaying drug release, the application of an outer Eudragit® NE film, which contained the superdisintegrant Explotab® V17 as a pore former, was attempted. 25213173 1 37 theme superdisintegrant 297:313 arg1 pore 334:337 a pore former 332:344 a pore former 332:344 To prepare swellable/erodible time-dependent colon delivery systems with improved efficiency in delaying drug release, the application of an outer Eudragit® NE film, which contained the superdisintegrant Explotab® V17 as a pore former, was attempted. 25213173 8 38 theme delivery 1405:1412 arg1 systems 1414:1420 erodible delivery systems 1396:1420 erodible delivery systems 1396:1420 The results obtained indicated that the proposed strategy would enable the preparation of erodible delivery systems with reduced size, possibly suitable as multiple-unit dosage forms. 25213173 5 39 theme V17 973:975 arg1 % 958:958 20% 956:958 20% of Explotab® V17 956:975 The films containing 20% of Explotab® V17 effectively and consistently prolonged the in vitro lag phase imparted by HPMC as a function of their thickness. 25213173 5 39 theme V17 973:975 arg1 V17 973:975 V17 973:975 V17 973:975 The films containing 20% of Explotab® V17 effectively and consistently prolonged the in vitro lag phase imparted by HPMC as a function of their thickness. 25213173 2 40 theme hydroxypropyl 413:425 arg1 solution 450:457 a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) solution 411:457 a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) solution 411:457 Tablet cores were successively spray-coated with a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) solution and diluted Eudragit® NE 30 D, wherein fixed amounts of Explotab® V17 were present. 25213173 2 41 theme NE 481:482 arg1 D 487:487 Eudragit® NE 30 D 471:487 Eudragit® NE 30 D 471:487 Tablet cores were successively spray-coated with a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) solution and diluted Eudragit® NE 30 D, wherein fixed amounts of Explotab® V17 were present. 25213173 1 42 theme Explotab® 315:323 arg1 V17 325:327 the superdisintegrant Explotab® V17 293:327 the superdisintegrant Explotab® V17 293:327 To prepare swellable/erodible time-dependent colon delivery systems with improved efficiency in delaying drug release, the application of an outer Eudragit® NE film, which contained the superdisintegrant Explotab® V17 as a pore former, was attempted. 25213173 1 42 theme Explotab® 315:323 arg1 pore 334:337 a pore former 332:344 a pore former 332:344 To prepare swellable/erodible time-dependent colon delivery systems with improved efficiency in delaying drug release, the application of an outer Eudragit® NE film, which contained the superdisintegrant Explotab® V17 as a pore former, was attempted. 25213173 8 43 theme reduced 1427:1433 arg1 size 1435:1438 reduced size 1427:1438 reduced size 1427:1438 The results obtained indicated that the proposed strategy would enable the preparation of erodible delivery systems with reduced size, possibly suitable as multiple-unit dosage forms. 25213173 3 44 theme extended 597:604 arg1 duration 606:613 extended duration 597:613 extended duration 597:613 The resulting two-layer systems yielded lag phases of extended duration as compared with formulations provided with the HPMC layer only. 25213173 8 45 theme systems 1414:1420 arg1 preparation 1381:1391 the preparation 1377:1391 the preparation of erodible delivery systems 1377:1420 The results obtained indicated that the proposed strategy would enable the preparation of erodible delivery systems with reduced size, possibly suitable as multiple-unit dosage forms. 25213173 4 46 theme data 917:920 arg1 variability 922:932 a lower data variability 909:932 a lower data variability 909:932 By raising the thickness of the outer film, longer lag times were generally observed, whereas the effectiveness in deferring the drug liberation was reduced by increasing the pore former content, which, however, also resulted in a lower data variability. 25213173 2 47 theme Eudragit® 471:479 arg1 D 487:487 Eudragit® NE 30 D 471:487 Eudragit® NE 30 D 471:487 Tablet cores were successively spray-coated with a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) solution and diluted Eudragit® NE 30 D, wherein fixed amounts of Explotab® V17 were present. 25213173 2 48 theme V17 525:527 arg1 amounts 504:510 wherein fixed amounts 490:510 wherein fixed amounts of Explotab® V17 490:527 Tablet cores were successively spray-coated with a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) solution and diluted Eudragit® NE 30 D, wherein fixed amounts of Explotab® V17 were present. 25213173 2 48 theme V17 525:527 arg1 V17 525:527 V17 525:527 V17 525:527 Tablet cores were successively spray-coated with a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) solution and diluted Eudragit® NE 30 D, wherein fixed amounts of Explotab® V17 were present. 25213173 3 49 theme lag 583:585 arg1 phases 587:592 lag phases 583:592 lag phases of extended duration 583:613 The resulting two-layer systems yielded lag phases of extended duration as compared with formulations provided with the HPMC layer only. 25213173 0 50 theme improved 52:59 arg1 efficiency 61:70 improved efficiency 52:70 improved efficiency 52:70 Erodible time-dependent colon delivery systems with improved efficiency in delaying the onset of drug release. 25213173 4 51 theme drug 809:812 arg1 liberation 814:823 the drug liberation 805:823 the drug liberation 805:823 By raising the thickness of the outer film, longer lag times were generally observed, whereas the effectiveness in deferring the drug liberation was reduced by increasing the pore former content, which, however, also resulted in a lower data variability. 25213173 5 52 dep in 1020:1021 arg1 vitro 1023:1027 vitro 1023:1027 vitro 1023:1027 The films containing 20% of Explotab® V17 effectively and consistently prolonged the in vitro lag phase imparted by HPMC as a function of their thickness. 25213173 6 53 with system 1147:1152 arg1 composition 1175:1185 this outer film composition 1159:1185 this outer film composition 1159:1185 Stored for 3 years under ambient conditions, a two-layer system with this outer film composition pointed out unmodified release patterns. 25213173 6 54 theme film 1170:1173 arg1 composition 1175:1185 this outer film composition 1159:1185 this outer film composition 1159:1185 Stored for 3 years under ambient conditions, a two-layer system with this outer film composition pointed out unmodified release patterns. 25213173 1 55 theme swellable/erodible 122:139 arg1 systems 171:177 swellable/erodible time-dependent colon delivery systems 122:177 swellable/erodible time-dependent colon delivery systems with improved efficiency 122:202 To prepare swellable/erodible time-dependent colon delivery systems with improved efficiency in delaying drug release, the application of an outer Eudragit® NE film, which contained the superdisintegrant Explotab® V17 as a pore former, was attempted. 25213173 3 56 theme HPMC 663:666 arg1 layer 668:672 the HPMC layer 659:672 the HPMC layer only 659:677 The resulting two-layer systems yielded lag phases of extended duration as compared with formulations provided with the HPMC layer only. 25213173 1 57 theme time-dependent 141:154 arg1 systems 171:177 swellable/erodible time-dependent colon delivery systems 122:177 swellable/erodible time-dependent colon delivery systems with improved efficiency 122:202 To prepare swellable/erodible time-dependent colon delivery systems with improved efficiency in delaying drug release, the application of an outer Eudragit® NE film, which contained the superdisintegrant Explotab® V17 as a pore former, was attempted. 25213173 4 58 theme film 718:721 arg1 thickness 695:703 the thickness 691:703 the thickness of the outer film 691:721 By raising the thickness of the outer film, longer lag times were generally observed, whereas the effectiveness in deferring the drug liberation was reduced by increasing the pore former content, which, however, also resulted in a lower data variability. 25213173 2 59 theme fixed 498:502 arg1 amounts 504:510 wherein fixed amounts 490:510 wherein fixed amounts of Explotab® V17 490:527 Tablet cores were successively spray-coated with a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) solution and diluted Eudragit® NE 30 D, wherein fixed amounts of Explotab® V17 were present. 25213173 2 59 theme fixed 498:502 arg1 V17 525:527 V17 525:527 V17 525:527 Tablet cores were successively spray-coated with a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) solution and diluted Eudragit® NE 30 D, wherein fixed amounts of Explotab® V17 were present. 25213173 3 60 theme duration 606:613 arg1 phases 587:592 lag phases 583:592 lag phases of extended duration 583:613 The resulting two-layer systems yielded lag phases of extended duration as compared with formulations provided with the HPMC layer only. 25213173 7 61 dep coated 1298:1303 arg1 enteric 1290:1296 enteric 1290:1296 enteric 1290:1296 The same system proved to meet gastroresistance criteria when enteric coated. 25213173 1 62 theme colon 156:160 arg1 systems 171:177 swellable/erodible time-dependent colon delivery systems 122:177 swellable/erodible time-dependent colon delivery systems with improved efficiency 122:202 To prepare swellable/erodible time-dependent colon delivery systems with improved efficiency in delaying drug release, the application of an outer Eudragit® NE film, which contained the superdisintegrant Explotab® V17 as a pore former, was attempted. 25213173 2 63 theme wherein 490:496 arg1 amounts 504:510 wherein fixed amounts 490:510 wherein fixed amounts of Explotab® V17 490:527 Tablet cores were successively spray-coated with a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) solution and diluted Eudragit® NE 30 D, wherein fixed amounts of Explotab® V17 were present. 25213173 2 63 theme wherein 490:496 arg1 V17 525:527 V17 525:527 V17 525:527 Tablet cores were successively spray-coated with a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) solution and diluted Eudragit® NE 30 D, wherein fixed amounts of Explotab® V17 were present. 25213173 8 64 theme multiple-unit 1462:1474 arg1 forms 1483:1487 multiple-unit dosage forms 1462:1487 multiple-unit dosage forms 1462:1487 The results obtained indicated that the proposed strategy would enable the preparation of erodible delivery systems with reduced size, possibly suitable as multiple-unit dosage forms. 25213173 2 65 theme HPMC 444:447 arg1 solution 450:457 a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) solution 411:457 a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) solution 411:457 Tablet cores were successively spray-coated with a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) solution and diluted Eudragit® NE 30 D, wherein fixed amounts of Explotab® V17 were present. 25213173 1 66 theme delivery 162:169 arg1 systems 171:177 swellable/erodible time-dependent colon delivery systems 122:177 swellable/erodible time-dependent colon delivery systems with improved efficiency 122:202 To prepare swellable/erodible time-dependent colon delivery systems with improved efficiency in delaying drug release, the application of an outer Eudragit® NE film, which contained the superdisintegrant Explotab® V17 as a pore former, was attempted. 25213173 7 67 theme same 1232:1235 arg1 system 1237:1242 The same system 1228:1242 The same system 1228:1242 The same system proved to meet gastroresistance criteria when enteric coated. 25213173 1 68 theme outer 252:256 arg1 film 271:274 an outer Eudragit® NE film 249:274 an outer Eudragit® NE film 249:274 To prepare swellable/erodible time-dependent colon delivery systems with improved efficiency in delaying drug release, the application of an outer Eudragit® NE film, which contained the superdisintegrant Explotab® V17 as a pore former, was attempted. 26334003 5 0 theme X-rays 754:759 arg1 spectrum 768:775 X-rays (EDAX) spectrum 754:775 X-rays (EDAX) spectrum 754:775 The Energy Dispersive Analysis by X-rays (EDAX) spectrum reveals that the elemental composition of the nanocomposites consists primarily of Zn:S. FTIR studies indicate that the polymer matrix is closely associated with ZnS nanoparticles. 26334003 7 1 from shift 1112:1116 arg1 edge 1136:1139 the absorption edge 1121:1139 the absorption edge 1121:1139 The absorption spectra of the specimens show a blue shift in the absorption edge. 26334003 6 2 theme large 962:966 arg1 number 968:973 The large number 958:973 The large number of hydroxyl groups in the polymer matrix 958:1014 The large number of hydroxyl groups in the polymer matrix facilitates the complexation of metal ions. 26334003 6 3 theme hydroxyl 978:985 arg1 groups 987:992 hydroxyl groups 978:992 hydroxyl groups 978:992 The large number of hydroxyl groups in the polymer matrix facilitates the complexation of metal ions. 26334003 2 4 theme UV/vis 476:481 arg1 spectroscopy 483:494 UV/vis spectroscopy 476:494 UV/vis spectroscopy 476:494 The obtained nanocomposites are characterized using various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV/vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL). 26334003 9 5 theme broad 1247:1251 arg1 peaks 1253:1257 broad peaks 1247:1257 broad peaks in the violet-blue region (420-450 nm) 1247:1296 PL of nanocomposites shows broad peaks in the violet-blue region (420-450 nm). 26334003 7 6 theme blue 1107:1110 arg1 shift 1112:1116 a blue shift 1105:1116 a blue shift in the absorption edge 1105:1139 The absorption spectra of the specimens show a blue shift in the absorption edge. 26334003 11 7 theme studied 1441:1447 arg1 nanocomposites 1449:1462 the studied nanocomposites 1437:1462 the studied nanocomposites 1437:1462 The PL intensity of ZnS-HPMC nanocomposites is found to be highest among the studied nanocomposites. 26334003 1 8 theme facile 266:271 arg1 route 281:285 a facile aqueous route 264:285 a facile aqueous route 264:285 Nanostructured polymer-semiconductor hybrid materials such as ZnS-poly(vinyl alcohol) (ZnS-PVA), ZnS-starch and ZnS-hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (Zns-HPMC) are synthesized by a facile aqueous route. 26334003 12 9 theme hydroxyl-functionalized 1499:1521 arg1 HPMC 1523:1526 hydroxyl-functionalized HPMC 1499:1526 hydroxyl-functionalized HPMC 1499:1526 The results clearly indicate that hydroxyl-functionalized HPMC is much more effective at nucleating and stabilizing colloidal ZnS nanoparticles in aqueous suspensions compared with PVA and starch. 26334003 5 10 theme ZnS 939:941 arg1 nanoparticles 943:955 ZnS nanoparticles 939:955 ZnS nanoparticles 939:955 The Energy Dispersive Analysis by X-rays (EDAX) spectrum reveals that the elemental composition of the nanocomposites consists primarily of Zn:S. FTIR studies indicate that the polymer matrix is closely associated with ZnS nanoparticles. 26334003 12 11 from nanoparticles 1595:1607 arg1 suspensions 1620:1630 aqueous suspensions 1612:1630 aqueous suspensions 1612:1630 The results clearly indicate that hydroxyl-functionalized HPMC is much more effective at nucleating and stabilizing colloidal ZnS nanoparticles in aqueous suspensions compared with PVA and starch. 26334003 1 12 theme aqueous 273:279 arg1 route 281:285 a facile aqueous route 264:285 a facile aqueous route 264:285 Nanostructured polymer-semiconductor hybrid materials such as ZnS-poly(vinyl alcohol) (ZnS-PVA), ZnS-starch and ZnS-hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (Zns-HPMC) are synthesized by a facile aqueous route. 26334003 2 13 theme various 340:346 arg1 Fourier 428:434 Fourier 428:434 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 428:473 The obtained nanocomposites are characterized using various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV/vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL). 26334003 2 13 theme various 340:346 arg1 microscopy 410:419 scanning electron microscopy 392:419 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 392:425 The obtained nanocomposites are characterized using various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV/vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL). 26334003 2 13 theme various 340:346 arg1 diffraction 373:383 X-ray diffraction 367:383 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 367:389 The obtained nanocomposites are characterized using various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV/vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL). 26334003 2 13 theme various 340:346 arg1 spectroscopy 483:494 UV/vis spectroscopy 476:494 UV/vis spectroscopy 476:494 The obtained nanocomposites are characterized using various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV/vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL). 26334003 2 13 theme various 340:346 arg1 techniques 348:357 various techniques 340:357 various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV/vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) 340:521 The obtained nanocomposites are characterized using various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV/vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL). 26334003 2 13 theme various 340:346 arg1 photoluminescence 500:516 photoluminescence 500:516 photoluminescence (PL) 500:521 The obtained nanocomposites are characterized using various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV/vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL). 26334003 7 14 theme specimens 1090:1098 arg1 spectra 1075:1081 The absorption spectra 1060:1081 The absorption spectra of the specimens 1060:1098 The absorption spectra of the specimens show a blue shift in the absorption edge. 26334003 2 15 theme obtained 292:299 arg1 nanocomposites 301:314 The obtained nanocomposites 288:314 The obtained nanocomposites 288:314 The obtained nanocomposites are characterized using various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV/vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL). 26334003 4 16 theme bigger 703:708 arg1 particle 710:717 a bigger particle 701:717 a bigger particle 701:717 SEM studies indicate small nanoparticles clinging to the surface of a bigger particle. 26334003 5 17 theme Energy 724:729 arg1 Analysis 742:749 The Energy Dispersive Analysis 720:749 The Energy Dispersive Analysis by X-rays (EDAX) spectrum 720:775 The Energy Dispersive Analysis by X-rays (EDAX) spectrum reveals that the elemental composition of the nanocomposites consists primarily of Zn:S. FTIR studies indicate that the polymer matrix is closely associated with ZnS nanoparticles. 26334003 6 18 from number 968:973 arg1 matrix 1009:1014 the polymer matrix 997:1014 the polymer matrix 997:1014 The large number of hydroxyl groups in the polymer matrix facilitates the complexation of metal ions. 26334003 3 19 theme XRD 524:526 arg1 studies 528:534 XRD studies 524:534 XRD studies 524:534 XRD studies confirm the zinc blende phase of the nanocomposites and indicate the high purity of the samples. 26334003 6 20 theme metal 1048:1052 arg1 ions 1054:1057 metal ions 1048:1057 metal ions 1048:1057 The large number of hydroxyl groups in the polymer matrix facilitates the complexation of metal ions. 26334003 5 21 theme Dispersive 731:740 arg1 Analysis 742:749 The Energy Dispersive Analysis 720:749 The Energy Dispersive Analysis by X-rays (EDAX) spectrum 720:775 The Energy Dispersive Analysis by X-rays (EDAX) spectrum reveals that the elemental composition of the nanocomposites consists primarily of Zn:S. FTIR studies indicate that the polymer matrix is closely associated with ZnS nanoparticles. 26334003 9 22 theme violet-blue 1266:1276 arg1 420-450 nm 1286:1295 420-450 nm 1286:1295 420-450 nm 1286:1295 PL of nanocomposites shows broad peaks in the violet-blue region (420-450 nm). 26334003 9 22 theme violet-blue 1266:1276 arg1 region 1278:1283 the violet-blue region 1262:1283 the violet-blue region (420-450 nm) 1262:1296 PL of nanocomposites shows broad peaks in the violet-blue region (420-450 nm). 26334003 2 23 dep Fourier 428:434 arg1 transform 436:444 transform 436:444 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 436:473 The obtained nanocomposites are characterized using various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV/vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL). 26334003 1 24 theme Nanostructured 88:101 arg1 materials 132:140 Nanostructured polymer-semiconductor hybrid materials 88:140 Nanostructured polymer-semiconductor hybrid materials such as ZnS-poly(vinyl alcohol) (ZnS-PVA), ZnS-starch and ZnS-hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (Zns-HPMC) 88:243 Nanostructured polymer-semiconductor hybrid materials such as ZnS-poly(vinyl alcohol) (ZnS-PVA), ZnS-starch and ZnS-hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (Zns-HPMC) are synthesized by a facile aqueous route. 26334003 1 24 theme Nanostructured 88:101 arg1 ZnS-poly 150:157 ZnS-poly 150:157 ZnS-poly(vinyl alcohol) (ZnS-PVA) 150:182 Nanostructured polymer-semiconductor hybrid materials such as ZnS-poly(vinyl alcohol) (ZnS-PVA), ZnS-starch and ZnS-hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (Zns-HPMC) are synthesized by a facile aqueous route. 26334003 11 25 theme PL 1368:1369 arg1 intensity 1371:1379 The PL intensity 1364:1379 The PL intensity of ZnS-HPMC nanocomposites 1364:1406 The PL intensity of ZnS-HPMC nanocomposites is found to be highest among the studied nanocomposites. 26334003 11 25 theme PL 1368:1369 arg1 highest 1423:1429 highest 1423:1429 highest 1423:1429 The PL intensity of ZnS-HPMC nanocomposites is found to be highest among the studied nanocomposites. 26334003 2 26 theme electron 401:408 arg1 SEM 422:424 SEM 422:424 SEM 422:424 The obtained nanocomposites are characterized using various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV/vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL). 26334003 2 26 theme electron 401:408 arg1 microscopy 410:419 scanning electron microscopy 392:419 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 392:425 The obtained nanocomposites are characterized using various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV/vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL). 26334003 12 27 theme colloidal 1581:1589 arg1 nanoparticles 1595:1607 colloidal ZnS nanoparticles 1581:1607 colloidal ZnS nanoparticles in aqueous suspensions 1581:1630 The results clearly indicate that hydroxyl-functionalized HPMC is much more effective at nucleating and stabilizing colloidal ZnS nanoparticles in aqueous suspensions compared with PVA and starch. 26334003 1 28 theme polymer-semiconductor 103:123 arg1 materials 132:140 Nanostructured polymer-semiconductor hybrid materials 88:140 Nanostructured polymer-semiconductor hybrid materials such as ZnS-poly(vinyl alcohol) (ZnS-PVA), ZnS-starch and ZnS-hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (Zns-HPMC) 88:243 Nanostructured polymer-semiconductor hybrid materials such as ZnS-poly(vinyl alcohol) (ZnS-PVA), ZnS-starch and ZnS-hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (Zns-HPMC) are synthesized by a facile aqueous route. 26334003 1 28 theme polymer-semiconductor 103:123 arg1 ZnS-poly 150:157 ZnS-poly 150:157 ZnS-poly(vinyl alcohol) (ZnS-PVA) 150:182 Nanostructured polymer-semiconductor hybrid materials such as ZnS-poly(vinyl alcohol) (ZnS-PVA), ZnS-starch and ZnS-hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (Zns-HPMC) are synthesized by a facile aqueous route. 26334003 2 29 theme scanning 392:399 arg1 SEM 422:424 SEM 422:424 SEM 422:424 The obtained nanocomposites are characterized using various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV/vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL). 26334003 2 29 theme scanning 392:399 arg1 microscopy 410:419 scanning electron microscopy 392:419 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 392:425 The obtained nanocomposites are characterized using various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV/vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL). 26334003 2 30 theme infrared 446:453 arg1 FTIR 469:472 FTIR 469:472 FTIR 469:472 The obtained nanocomposites are characterized using various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV/vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL). 26334003 2 30 theme infrared 446:453 arg1 spectroscopy 455:466 infrared spectroscopy 446:466 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 446:473 The obtained nanocomposites are characterized using various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV/vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL). 26334003 7 31 theme absorption 1064:1073 arg1 spectra 1075:1081 The absorption spectra 1060:1081 The absorption spectra of the specimens 1060:1098 The absorption spectra of the specimens show a blue shift in the absorption edge. 26334003 10 32 theme agent 1357:1361 arg1 nature 1339:1344 the nature 1335:1344 the nature of capping agent 1335:1361 The emission intensity changes with the nature of capping agent. 26334003 1 33 theme hybrid 125:130 arg1 materials 132:140 Nanostructured polymer-semiconductor hybrid materials 88:140 Nanostructured polymer-semiconductor hybrid materials such as ZnS-poly(vinyl alcohol) (ZnS-PVA), ZnS-starch and ZnS-hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (Zns-HPMC) 88:243 Nanostructured polymer-semiconductor hybrid materials such as ZnS-poly(vinyl alcohol) (ZnS-PVA), ZnS-starch and ZnS-hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (Zns-HPMC) are synthesized by a facile aqueous route. 26334003 1 33 theme hybrid 125:130 arg1 ZnS-poly 150:157 ZnS-poly 150:157 ZnS-poly(vinyl alcohol) (ZnS-PVA) 150:182 Nanostructured polymer-semiconductor hybrid materials such as ZnS-poly(vinyl alcohol) (ZnS-PVA), ZnS-starch and ZnS-hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (Zns-HPMC) are synthesized by a facile aqueous route. 26334003 4 34 theme small 654:658 arg1 nanoparticles 660:672 small nanoparticles 654:672 small nanoparticles clinging to the surface of a bigger particle 654:717 SEM studies indicate small nanoparticles clinging to the surface of a bigger particle. 26334003 5 35 theme elemental 794:802 arg1 composition 804:814 the elemental composition 790:814 the elemental composition of the nanocomposites 790:836 The Energy Dispersive Analysis by X-rays (EDAX) spectrum reveals that the elemental composition of the nanocomposites consists primarily of Zn:S. FTIR studies indicate that the polymer matrix is closely associated with ZnS nanoparticles. 26334003 8 36 theme absorption 1166:1175 arg1 edge 1177:1180 an absorption edge 1163:1180 an absorption edge 1163:1180 The spectrum reveals an absorption edge at 320, 310 and 325 nm, respectively. 26334003 3 37 theme zinc 548:551 arg1 phase 560:564 the zinc blende phase 544:564 the zinc blende phase of the nanocomposites 544:586 XRD studies confirm the zinc blende phase of the nanocomposites and indicate the high purity of the samples. 26334003 1 38 theme ZnS-hydroxypropylmethyl 200:222 arg1 cellulose 224:232 ZnS-hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose 200:232 ZnS-hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose 200:232 Nanostructured polymer-semiconductor hybrid materials such as ZnS-poly(vinyl alcohol) (ZnS-PVA), ZnS-starch and ZnS-hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (Zns-HPMC) are synthesized by a facile aqueous route. 26334003 1 38 theme ZnS-hydroxypropylmethyl 200:222 arg1 ZnS-poly 150:157 ZnS-poly 150:157 ZnS-poly(vinyl alcohol) (ZnS-PVA) 150:182 Nanostructured polymer-semiconductor hybrid materials such as ZnS-poly(vinyl alcohol) (ZnS-PVA), ZnS-starch and ZnS-hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (Zns-HPMC) are synthesized by a facile aqueous route. 26334003 12 39 theme ZnS 1591:1593 arg1 nanoparticles 1595:1607 colloidal ZnS nanoparticles 1581:1607 colloidal ZnS nanoparticles in aqueous suspensions 1581:1630 The results clearly indicate that hydroxyl-functionalized HPMC is much more effective at nucleating and stabilizing colloidal ZnS nanoparticles in aqueous suspensions compared with PVA and starch. 26334003 3 40 theme blende 553:558 arg1 phase 560:564 the zinc blende phase 544:564 the zinc blende phase of the nanocomposites 544:586 XRD studies confirm the zinc blende phase of the nanocomposites and indicate the high purity of the samples. 26334003 11 41 theme nanocomposites 1393:1406 arg1 intensity 1371:1379 The PL intensity 1364:1379 The PL intensity of ZnS-HPMC nanocomposites 1364:1406 The PL intensity of ZnS-HPMC nanocomposites is found to be highest among the studied nanocomposites. 26334003 11 41 theme nanocomposites 1393:1406 arg1 highest 1423:1429 highest 1423:1429 highest 1423:1429 The PL intensity of ZnS-HPMC nanocomposites is found to be highest among the studied nanocomposites. 26334003 5 42 theme EDAX 762:765 arg1 spectrum 768:775 X-rays (EDAX) spectrum 754:775 X-rays (EDAX) spectrum 754:775 The Energy Dispersive Analysis by X-rays (EDAX) spectrum reveals that the elemental composition of the nanocomposites consists primarily of Zn:S. FTIR studies indicate that the polymer matrix is closely associated with ZnS nanoparticles. 26334003 11 43 theme ZnS-HPMC 1384:1391 arg1 nanocomposites 1393:1406 ZnS-HPMC nanocomposites 1384:1406 ZnS-HPMC nanocomposites 1384:1406 The PL intensity of ZnS-HPMC nanocomposites is found to be highest among the studied nanocomposites. 26334003 5 44 theme nanocomposites 823:836 arg1 composition 804:814 the elemental composition 790:814 the elemental composition of the nanocomposites 790:836 The Energy Dispersive Analysis by X-rays (EDAX) spectrum reveals that the elemental composition of the nanocomposites consists primarily of Zn:S. FTIR studies indicate that the polymer matrix is closely associated with ZnS nanoparticles. 26334003 12 45 theme aqueous 1612:1618 arg1 suspensions 1620:1630 aqueous suspensions 1612:1630 aqueous suspensions 1612:1630 The results clearly indicate that hydroxyl-functionalized HPMC is much more effective at nucleating and stabilizing colloidal ZnS nanoparticles in aqueous suspensions compared with PVA and starch. 26334003 4 46 theme SEM 633:635 arg1 studies 637:643 SEM studies 633:643 SEM studies 633:643 SEM studies indicate small nanoparticles clinging to the surface of a bigger particle. 26334003 0 47 theme optical 32:38 arg1 properties 40:49 optical properties 32:49 optical properties 32:49 Synthesis, characterization and optical properties of polymer-based ZnS nanocomposites. 26334003 9 48 from peaks 1253:1257 arg1 420-450 nm 1286:1295 420-450 nm 1286:1295 420-450 nm 1286:1295 PL of nanocomposites shows broad peaks in the violet-blue region (420-450 nm). 26334003 9 48 from peaks 1253:1257 arg1 region 1278:1283 the violet-blue region 1262:1283 the violet-blue region (420-450 nm) 1262:1296 PL of nanocomposites shows broad peaks in the violet-blue region (420-450 nm). 26334003 7 49 theme absorption 1125:1134 arg1 edge 1136:1139 the absorption edge 1121:1139 the absorption edge 1121:1139 The absorption spectra of the specimens show a blue shift in the absorption edge. 26334003 0 50 theme polymer-based 54:66 arg1 ZnS 68:70 polymer-based ZnS 54:70 polymer-based ZnS 54:70 Synthesis, characterization and optical properties of polymer-based ZnS nanocomposites. 26334003 3 51 theme samples 624:630 arg1 purity 610:615 the high purity 601:615 the high purity of the samples 601:630 XRD studies confirm the zinc blende phase of the nanocomposites and indicate the high purity of the samples. 26334003 2 52 theme X-ray 367:371 arg1 XRD 386:388 XRD 386:388 XRD 386:388 The obtained nanocomposites are characterized using various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV/vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL). 26334003 2 52 theme X-ray 367:371 arg1 diffraction 373:383 X-ray diffraction 367:383 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 367:389 The obtained nanocomposites are characterized using various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV/vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL). 26334003 3 53 theme nanocomposites 573:586 arg1 phase 560:564 the zinc blende phase 544:564 the zinc blende phase of the nanocomposites 544:586 XRD studies confirm the zinc blende phase of the nanocomposites and indicate the high purity of the samples. 26334003 10 54 theme capping 1349:1355 arg1 agent 1357:1361 capping agent 1349:1361 capping agent 1349:1361 The emission intensity changes with the nature of capping agent. 26334003 4 55 theme particle 710:717 arg1 surface 690:696 the surface 686:696 the surface of a bigger particle 686:717 SEM studies indicate small nanoparticles clinging to the surface of a bigger particle. 26334003 6 56 theme polymer 1001:1007 arg1 matrix 1009:1014 the polymer matrix 997:1014 the polymer matrix 997:1014 The large number of hydroxyl groups in the polymer matrix facilitates the complexation of metal ions. 26334003 1 57 theme vinyl 159:163 arg1 ZnS-poly 150:157 ZnS-poly 150:157 ZnS-poly(vinyl alcohol) (ZnS-PVA) 150:182 Nanostructured polymer-semiconductor hybrid materials such as ZnS-poly(vinyl alcohol) (ZnS-PVA), ZnS-starch and ZnS-hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (Zns-HPMC) are synthesized by a facile aqueous route. 26334003 1 57 theme vinyl 159:163 arg1 alcohol 165:171 vinyl alcohol 159:171 vinyl alcohol 159:171 Nanostructured polymer-semiconductor hybrid materials such as ZnS-poly(vinyl alcohol) (ZnS-PVA), ZnS-starch and ZnS-hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (Zns-HPMC) are synthesized by a facile aqueous route. 26334003 5 58 theme polymer 897:903 arg1 matrix 905:910 the polymer matrix 893:910 the polymer matrix 893:910 The Energy Dispersive Analysis by X-rays (EDAX) spectrum reveals that the elemental composition of the nanocomposites consists primarily of Zn:S. FTIR studies indicate that the polymer matrix is closely associated with ZnS nanoparticles. 26334003 5 59 theme S. 863:864 arg1 studies 871:877 S. FTIR studies 863:877 S. FTIR studies 863:877 The Energy Dispersive Analysis by X-rays (EDAX) spectrum reveals that the elemental composition of the nanocomposites consists primarily of Zn:S. FTIR studies indicate that the polymer matrix is closely associated with ZnS nanoparticles. 26334003 6 60 theme ions 1054:1057 arg1 complexation 1032:1043 the complexation 1028:1043 the complexation of metal ions 1028:1057 The large number of hydroxyl groups in the polymer matrix facilitates the complexation of metal ions. 26334003 0 61 theme ZnS 68:70 arg1 characterization 11:26 characterization 11:26 characterization 11:26 Synthesis, characterization and optical properties of polymer-based ZnS nanocomposites. 26334003 0 61 theme ZnS 68:70 arg1 properties 40:49 optical properties 32:49 optical properties 32:49 Synthesis, characterization and optical properties of polymer-based ZnS nanocomposites. 26334003 0 61 theme ZnS 68:70 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis, characterization and optical properties of polymer-based ZnS nanocomposites. 26334003 9 62 theme nanocomposites 1226:1239 arg1 PL 1220:1221 PL 1220:1221 PL of nanocomposites 1220:1239 PL of nanocomposites shows broad peaks in the violet-blue region (420-450 nm). 26334003 3 63 theme high 605:608 arg1 purity 610:615 the high purity 601:615 the high purity of the samples 601:630 XRD studies confirm the zinc blende phase of the nanocomposites and indicate the high purity of the samples. 26334003 10 64 theme emission 1303:1310 arg1 intensity 1312:1320 The emission intensity 1299:1320 The emission intensity 1299:1320 The emission intensity changes with the nature of capping agent. 26334003 5 65 theme FTIR 866:869 arg1 studies 871:877 S. FTIR studies 863:877 S. FTIR studies 863:877 The Energy Dispersive Analysis by X-rays (EDAX) spectrum reveals that the elemental composition of the nanocomposites consists primarily of Zn:S. FTIR studies indicate that the polymer matrix is closely associated with ZnS nanoparticles. 26334003 6 66 theme groups 987:992 arg1 number 968:973 The large number 958:973 The large number of hydroxyl groups in the polymer matrix 958:1014 The large number of hydroxyl groups in the polymer matrix facilitates the complexation of metal ions. 24104690 0 0 theme carbon 83:88 arg1 source 90:95 carbon source 83:95 carbon source 83:95 Controlled production of exopolysaccharides from Enterobacter A47 as a function of carbon source with demonstration of their film and emulsifying abilities. 24104690 7 1 theme shear-thinning 1027:1040 arg1 behaviour 1042:1050 identical shear-thinning behaviour 1017:1050 identical shear-thinning behaviour 1017:1050 The polymers produced from glycerol (EPS-s) and glucose (EPS-g) had identical shear-thinning behaviour and good emulsion-stabilising capacity and their films had similar mechanical and water vapour properties. 24104690 7 2 theme emulsion-stabilising 1061:1080 arg1 capacity 1082:1089 good emulsion-stabilising capacity 1056:1089 good emulsion-stabilising capacity 1056:1089 The polymers produced from glycerol (EPS-s) and glucose (EPS-g) had identical shear-thinning behaviour and good emulsion-stabilising capacity and their films had similar mechanical and water vapour properties. 24104690 0 3 from production 11:20 arg1 Enterobacter 49:60 Enterobacter 49:60 Enterobacter 49:60 Controlled production of exopolysaccharides from Enterobacter A47 as a function of carbon source with demonstration of their film and emulsifying abilities. 24104690 1 4 theme bacterium 161:169 arg1 A47 184:186 The bacterium Enterobacter A47 157:186 The bacterium Enterobacter A47 157:186 The bacterium Enterobacter A47 has demonstrated the ability to synthesise distinct exopolysaccharides (EPS) as a function of the substrate used. 24104690 0 5 theme source 90:95 arg1 function 71:78 a function 69:78 a function of carbon source 69:95 Controlled production of exopolysaccharides from Enterobacter A47 as a function of carbon source with demonstration of their film and emulsifying abilities. 24104690 0 5 theme source 90:95 arg1 production 11:20 production 11:20 production of exopolysaccharides from Enterobacter A47 11:64 Controlled production of exopolysaccharides from Enterobacter A47 as a function of carbon source with demonstration of their film and emulsifying abilities. 24104690 7 6 contain had 1107:1109 arg2 properties 1147:1156 similar mechanical and water vapour properties 1111:1156 similar mechanical and water vapour properties 1111:1156 The polymers produced from glycerol (EPS-s) and glucose (EPS-g) had identical shear-thinning behaviour and good emulsion-stabilising capacity and their films had similar mechanical and water vapour properties. 24104690 7 6 contain had 1107:1109 arg1 films 1101:1105 their films 1095:1105 their films 1095:1105 The polymers produced from glycerol (EPS-s) and glucose (EPS-g) had identical shear-thinning behaviour and good emulsion-stabilising capacity and their films had similar mechanical and water vapour properties. 24104690 6 7 dep groups 875:880 arg1 content 883:889 content 883:889 content 883:889 The acyl groups' content and composition were also affected by the substrate used. 24104690 6 7 dep groups 875:880 arg1 groups 875:880 The acyl groups 866:880 The acyl groups' content and composition 866:905 The acyl groups' content and composition were also affected by the substrate used. 24104690 6 7 dep groups 875:880 arg1 composition 895:905 composition 895:905 composition 895:905 The acyl groups' content and composition were also affected by the substrate used. 24104690 5 8 theme relative 814:821 arg1 proportion 823:832 their relative proportion 808:832 their relative proportion 808:832 The synthesised polymers have the same main sugar monomers (fucose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid), but their relative proportion varied with the substrate used. 24104690 1 9 theme Enterobacter 171:182 arg1 A47 184:186 The bacterium Enterobacter A47 157:186 The bacterium Enterobacter A47 157:186 The bacterium Enterobacter A47 has demonstrated the ability to synthesise distinct exopolysaccharides (EPS) as a function of the substrate used. 24104690 0 10 from Enterobacter 49:60 arg1 exopolysaccharides 25:42 exopolysaccharides 25:42 exopolysaccharides from Enterobacter A47 25:64 Controlled production of exopolysaccharides from Enterobacter A47 as a function of carbon source with demonstration of their film and emulsifying abilities. 24104690 0 10 from Enterobacter 49:60 arg1 production 11:20 production 11:20 production of exopolysaccharides from Enterobacter A47 11:64 Controlled production of exopolysaccharides from Enterobacter A47 as a function of carbon source with demonstration of their film and emulsifying abilities. 24104690 0 10 from Enterobacter 49:60 arg1 function 71:78 a function 69:78 a function of carbon source 69:95 Controlled production of exopolysaccharides from Enterobacter A47 as a function of carbon source with demonstration of their film and emulsifying abilities. 24104690 5 11 contain have 720:723 arg2 monomers 745:752 the same main sugar monomers 725:752 the same main sugar monomers (fucose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid) 725:801 The synthesised polymers have the same main sugar monomers (fucose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid), but their relative proportion varied with the substrate used. 24104690 5 11 contain have 720:723 arg2 acid 797:800 glucuronic acid 786:800 glucuronic acid 786:800 The synthesised polymers have the same main sugar monomers (fucose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid), but their relative proportion varied with the substrate used. 24104690 5 11 contain have 720:723 arg2 fucose 755:760 fucose 755:760 fucose 755:760 The synthesised polymers have the same main sugar monomers (fucose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid), but their relative proportion varied with the substrate used. 24104690 5 11 contain have 720:723 arg1 polymers 711:718 The synthesised polymers 695:718 The synthesised polymers 695:718 The synthesised polymers have the same main sugar monomers (fucose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid), but their relative proportion varied with the substrate used. 24104690 5 11 contain have 720:723 arg2 glucose 763:769 glucose 763:769 glucose 763:769 The synthesised polymers have the same main sugar monomers (fucose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid), but their relative proportion varied with the substrate used. 24104690 5 11 contain have 720:723 arg2 galactose 772:780 galactose 772:780 galactose 772:780 The synthesised polymers have the same main sugar monomers (fucose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid), but their relative proportion varied with the substrate used. 24104690 4 12 theme 1.39 g L 672:679 arg1  day 684:687 1.39 g L(-1) day(-1) 672:691 1.39 g L(-1) day(-1) 672:691 The use of xylose resulted in lower productivity (1.39 g L(-1) day(-1)). 24104690 4 12 theme 1.39 g L 672:679 arg1 productivity 658:669 lower productivity 652:669 lower productivity (1.39 g L(-1) day(-1)) 652:692 The use of xylose resulted in lower productivity (1.39 g L(-1) day(-1)). 24104690 5 13 theme same 729:732 arg1 fucose 755:760 fucose 755:760 fucose 755:760 The synthesised polymers have the same main sugar monomers (fucose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid), but their relative proportion varied with the substrate used. 24104690 5 13 theme same 729:732 arg1 monomers 745:752 the same main sugar monomers 725:752 the same main sugar monomers (fucose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid) 725:801 The synthesised polymers have the same main sugar monomers (fucose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid), but their relative proportion varied with the substrate used. 24104690 5 13 theme same 729:732 arg1 galactose 772:780 galactose 772:780 galactose 772:780 The synthesised polymers have the same main sugar monomers (fucose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid), but their relative proportion varied with the substrate used. 24104690 5 13 theme same 729:732 arg1 acid 797:800 glucuronic acid 786:800 glucuronic acid 786:800 The synthesised polymers have the same main sugar monomers (fucose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid), but their relative proportion varied with the substrate used. 24104690 5 13 theme same 729:732 arg1 glucose 763:769 glucose 763:769 glucose 763:769 The synthesised polymers have the same main sugar monomers (fucose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid), but their relative proportion varied with the substrate used. 24104690 5 14 theme glucuronic 786:795 arg1 monomers 745:752 the same main sugar monomers 725:752 the same main sugar monomers (fucose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid) 725:801 The synthesised polymers have the same main sugar monomers (fucose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid), but their relative proportion varied with the substrate used. 24104690 5 14 theme glucuronic 786:795 arg1 acid 797:800 glucuronic acid 786:800 glucuronic acid 786:800 The synthesised polymers have the same main sugar monomers (fucose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid), but their relative proportion varied with the substrate used. 24104690 5 15 theme main 734:737 arg1 fucose 755:760 fucose 755:760 fucose 755:760 The synthesised polymers have the same main sugar monomers (fucose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid), but their relative proportion varied with the substrate used. 24104690 5 15 theme main 734:737 arg1 monomers 745:752 the same main sugar monomers 725:752 the same main sugar monomers (fucose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid) 725:801 The synthesised polymers have the same main sugar monomers (fucose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid), but their relative proportion varied with the substrate used. 24104690 5 15 theme main 734:737 arg1 galactose 772:780 galactose 772:780 galactose 772:780 The synthesised polymers have the same main sugar monomers (fucose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid), but their relative proportion varied with the substrate used. 24104690 5 15 theme main 734:737 arg1 acid 797:800 glucuronic acid 786:800 glucuronic acid 786:800 The synthesised polymers have the same main sugar monomers (fucose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid), but their relative proportion varied with the substrate used. 24104690 5 15 theme main 734:737 arg1 glucose 763:769 glucose 763:769 glucose 763:769 The synthesised polymers have the same main sugar monomers (fucose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid), but their relative proportion varied with the substrate used. 24104690 3 16 theme  day 612:615 arg1 productivity 584:595 a volumetric productivity 571:595 a volumetric productivity of 3.38 g L(-1) day(-1) 571:619 The highest EPS production (13.23 g L(-1)) was obtained in the glucose fed assay, with a volumetric productivity of 3.38 g L(-1) day(-1). 24104690 4 17 theme xylose 633:638 arg1 use 626:628 The use 622:628 The use of xylose 622:638 The use of xylose resulted in lower productivity (1.39 g L(-1) day(-1)). 24104690 5 18 theme sugar 739:743 arg1 fucose 755:760 fucose 755:760 fucose 755:760 The synthesised polymers have the same main sugar monomers (fucose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid), but their relative proportion varied with the substrate used. 24104690 5 18 theme sugar 739:743 arg1 monomers 745:752 the same main sugar monomers 725:752 the same main sugar monomers (fucose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid) 725:801 The synthesised polymers have the same main sugar monomers (fucose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid), but their relative proportion varied with the substrate used. 24104690 5 18 theme sugar 739:743 arg1 galactose 772:780 galactose 772:780 galactose 772:780 The synthesised polymers have the same main sugar monomers (fucose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid), but their relative proportion varied with the substrate used. 24104690 5 18 theme sugar 739:743 arg1 acid 797:800 glucuronic acid 786:800 glucuronic acid 786:800 The synthesised polymers have the same main sugar monomers (fucose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid), but their relative proportion varied with the substrate used. 24104690 5 18 theme sugar 739:743 arg1 glucose 763:769 glucose 763:769 glucose 763:769 The synthesised polymers have the same main sugar monomers (fucose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid), but their relative proportion varied with the substrate used. 24104690 0 19 theme exopolysaccharides 25:42 arg1 production 11:20 production 11:20 production of exopolysaccharides from Enterobacter A47 11:64 Controlled production of exopolysaccharides from Enterobacter A47 as a function of carbon source with demonstration of their film and emulsifying abilities. 24104690 0 19 theme exopolysaccharides 25:42 arg1 function 71:78 a function 69:78 a function of carbon source 69:95 Controlled production of exopolysaccharides from Enterobacter A47 as a function of carbon source with demonstration of their film and emulsifying abilities. 24104690 0 20 theme film 125:128 arg1 abilities 146:154 their film and emulsifying abilities 119:154 their film and emulsifying abilities 119:154 Controlled production of exopolysaccharides from Enterobacter A47 as a function of carbon source with demonstration of their film and emulsifying abilities. 24104690 4 21 theme lower 652:656 arg1  day 684:687 1.39 g L(-1) day(-1) 672:691 1.39 g L(-1) day(-1) 672:691 The use of xylose resulted in lower productivity (1.39 g L(-1) day(-1)). 24104690 4 21 theme lower 652:656 arg1 productivity 658:669 lower productivity 652:669 lower productivity (1.39 g L(-1) day(-1)) 652:692 The use of xylose resulted in lower productivity (1.39 g L(-1) day(-1)). 24104690 7 22 theme vapour 1140:1145 arg1 properties 1147:1156 similar mechanical and water vapour properties 1111:1156 similar mechanical and water vapour properties 1111:1156 The polymers produced from glycerol (EPS-s) and glucose (EPS-g) had identical shear-thinning behaviour and good emulsion-stabilising capacity and their films had similar mechanical and water vapour properties. 24104690 1 23 theme substrate 286:294 arg1 exopolysaccharides 240:257 distinct exopolysaccharides 231:257 distinct exopolysaccharides (EPS) 231:263 The bacterium Enterobacter A47 has demonstrated the ability to synthesise distinct exopolysaccharides (EPS) as a function of the substrate used. 24104690 1 23 theme substrate 286:294 arg1 function 270:277 a function 268:277 a function of the substrate used 268:299 The bacterium Enterobacter A47 has demonstrated the ability to synthesise distinct exopolysaccharides (EPS) as a function of the substrate used. 24104690 9 24 theme little 1382:1387 arg1 capacity 1410:1417 little emulsion-stabilising capacity 1382:1417 little emulsion-stabilising capacity 1382:1417 On the other hand, the polymer produced from xylose had little emulsion-stabilising capacity and lower apparent viscosity than EPS-s and EPS-g, but its films were considerably more elastic. 24104690 9 25 theme apparent 1429:1436 arg1 viscosity 1438:1446 lower apparent viscosity 1423:1446 lower apparent viscosity 1423:1446 On the other hand, the polymer produced from xylose had little emulsion-stabilising capacity and lower apparent viscosity than EPS-s and EPS-g, but its films were considerably more elastic. 24104690 5 26 theme synthesised 699:709 arg1 polymers 711:718 The synthesised polymers 695:718 The synthesised polymers 695:718 The synthesised polymers have the same main sugar monomers (fucose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid), but their relative proportion varied with the substrate used. 24104690 9 27 theme other 1333:1337 arg1 hand 1339:1342 the other hand 1329:1342 the other hand 1329:1342 On the other hand, the polymer produced from xylose had little emulsion-stabilising capacity and lower apparent viscosity than EPS-s and EPS-g, but its films were considerably more elastic. 24104690 0 28 theme emulsifying 134:144 arg1 abilities 146:154 their film and emulsifying abilities 119:154 their film and emulsifying abilities 119:154 Controlled production of exopolysaccharides from Enterobacter A47 as a function of carbon source with demonstration of their film and emulsifying abilities. 24104690 2 29 theme carbon 399:404 arg1 sources 406:412 single carbon sources 392:412 single carbon sources 392:412 The culture's performance was evaluated in experiments using either glucose or xylose, as single carbon sources, and compared with the substrate (glycerol) used in previous studies. 24104690 2 29 theme carbon 399:404 arg1 xylose 381:386 xylose 381:386 xylose 381:386 The culture's performance was evaluated in experiments using either glucose or xylose, as single carbon sources, and compared with the substrate (glycerol) used in previous studies. 24104690 2 29 theme carbon 399:404 arg1 glucose 370:376 glucose 370:376 glucose 370:376 The culture's performance was evaluated in experiments using either glucose or xylose, as single carbon sources, and compared with the substrate (glycerol) used in previous studies. 24104690 6 30 theme acyl 870:873 arg1 content 883:889 content 883:889 content 883:889 The acyl groups' content and composition were also affected by the substrate used. 24104690 6 30 theme acyl 870:873 arg1 groups 875:880 The acyl groups 866:880 The acyl groups' content and composition 866:905 The acyl groups' content and composition were also affected by the substrate used. 24104690 6 30 theme acyl 870:873 arg1 composition 895:905 composition 895:905 composition 895:905 The acyl groups' content and composition were also affected by the substrate used. 24104690 3 31 theme glucose 547:553 arg1 assay 559:563 the glucose fed assay 543:563 the glucose fed assay 543:563 The highest EPS production (13.23 g L(-1)) was obtained in the glucose fed assay, with a volumetric productivity of 3.38 g L(-1) day(-1). 24104690 2 32 theme single 392:397 arg1 sources 406:412 single carbon sources 392:412 single carbon sources 392:412 The culture's performance was evaluated in experiments using either glucose or xylose, as single carbon sources, and compared with the substrate (glycerol) used in previous studies. 24104690 2 32 theme single 392:397 arg1 xylose 381:386 xylose 381:386 xylose 381:386 The culture's performance was evaluated in experiments using either glucose or xylose, as single carbon sources, and compared with the substrate (glycerol) used in previous studies. 24104690 2 32 theme single 392:397 arg1 glucose 370:376 glucose 370:376 glucose 370:376 The culture's performance was evaluated in experiments using either glucose or xylose, as single carbon sources, and compared with the substrate (glycerol) used in previous studies. 24104690 3 33 theme volumetric 573:582 arg1 productivity 584:595 a volumetric productivity 571:595 a volumetric productivity of 3.38 g L(-1) day(-1) 571:619 The highest EPS production (13.23 g L(-1)) was obtained in the glucose fed assay, with a volumetric productivity of 3.38 g L(-1) day(-1). 24104690 7 34 theme similar 1111:1117 arg1 properties 1147:1156 similar mechanical and water vapour properties 1111:1156 similar mechanical and water vapour properties 1111:1156 The polymers produced from glycerol (EPS-s) and glucose (EPS-g) had identical shear-thinning behaviour and good emulsion-stabilising capacity and their films had similar mechanical and water vapour properties. 24104690 0 35 theme abilities 146:154 arg1 demonstration 102:114 demonstration 102:114 demonstration of their film and emulsifying abilities 102:154 Controlled production of exopolysaccharides from Enterobacter A47 as a function of carbon source with demonstration of their film and emulsifying abilities. 24104690 8 36 theme short 1245:1249 arg1 periods 1251:1257 short periods 1245:1257 short periods of time 1245:1265 However, the emulsions stabilised with EPS-g were less stable and destabilised within short periods of time or when subjected to heat and freezing/thawing procedures. 24104690 7 37 theme mechanical 1119:1128 arg1 properties 1147:1156 similar mechanical and water vapour properties 1111:1156 similar mechanical and water vapour properties 1111:1156 The polymers produced from glycerol (EPS-s) and glucose (EPS-g) had identical shear-thinning behaviour and good emulsion-stabilising capacity and their films had similar mechanical and water vapour properties. 24104690 9 38 contain had 1378:1380 arg1 polymer 1349:1355 the polymer 1345:1355 the polymer produced from xylose 1345:1376 On the other hand, the polymer produced from xylose had little emulsion-stabilising capacity and lower apparent viscosity than EPS-s and EPS-g, but its films were considerably more elastic. 24104690 9 38 contain had 1378:1380 arg2 capacity 1410:1417 little emulsion-stabilising capacity 1382:1417 little emulsion-stabilising capacity 1382:1417 On the other hand, the polymer produced from xylose had little emulsion-stabilising capacity and lower apparent viscosity than EPS-s and EPS-g, but its films were considerably more elastic. 24104690 9 38 contain had 1378:1380 arg2 viscosity 1438:1446 lower apparent viscosity 1423:1446 lower apparent viscosity 1423:1446 On the other hand, the polymer produced from xylose had little emulsion-stabilising capacity and lower apparent viscosity than EPS-s and EPS-g, but its films were considerably more elastic. 24104690 8 39 theme freezing/thawing 1297:1312 arg1 procedures 1314:1323 freezing/thawing procedures 1297:1323 freezing/thawing procedures 1297:1323 However, the emulsions stabilised with EPS-g were less stable and destabilised within short periods of time or when subjected to heat and freezing/thawing procedures. 24104690 8 40 theme time 1262:1265 arg1 periods 1251:1257 short periods 1245:1257 short periods of time 1245:1265 However, the emulsions stabilised with EPS-g were less stable and destabilised within short periods of time or when subjected to heat and freezing/thawing procedures. 24104690 7 41 contain had 1013:1015 arg2 behaviour 1042:1050 identical shear-thinning behaviour 1017:1050 identical shear-thinning behaviour 1017:1050 The polymers produced from glycerol (EPS-s) and glucose (EPS-g) had identical shear-thinning behaviour and good emulsion-stabilising capacity and their films had similar mechanical and water vapour properties. 24104690 7 41 contain had 1013:1015 arg1 polymers 953:960 The polymers 949:960 The polymers produced from glycerol (EPS-s) and glucose (EPS-g) 949:1011 The polymers produced from glycerol (EPS-s) and glucose (EPS-g) had identical shear-thinning behaviour and good emulsion-stabilising capacity and their films had similar mechanical and water vapour properties. 24104690 7 41 contain had 1013:1015 arg2 capacity 1082:1089 good emulsion-stabilising capacity 1056:1089 good emulsion-stabilising capacity 1056:1089 The polymers produced from glycerol (EPS-s) and glucose (EPS-g) had identical shear-thinning behaviour and good emulsion-stabilising capacity and their films had similar mechanical and water vapour properties. 24104690 5 42 dep monomers 745:752 arg1 fucose 755:760 fucose 755:760 fucose 755:760 The synthesised polymers have the same main sugar monomers (fucose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid), but their relative proportion varied with the substrate used. 24104690 5 42 dep monomers 745:752 arg1 monomers 745:752 the same main sugar monomers 725:752 the same main sugar monomers (fucose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid) 725:801 The synthesised polymers have the same main sugar monomers (fucose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid), but their relative proportion varied with the substrate used. 24104690 5 42 dep monomers 745:752 arg1 galactose 772:780 galactose 772:780 galactose 772:780 The synthesised polymers have the same main sugar monomers (fucose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid), but their relative proportion varied with the substrate used. 24104690 5 42 dep monomers 745:752 arg1 acid 797:800 glucuronic acid 786:800 glucuronic acid 786:800 The synthesised polymers have the same main sugar monomers (fucose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid), but their relative proportion varied with the substrate used. 24104690 5 42 dep monomers 745:752 arg1 glucose 763:769 glucose 763:769 glucose 763:769 The synthesised polymers have the same main sugar monomers (fucose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid), but their relative proportion varied with the substrate used. 24104690 1 43 theme distinct 231:238 arg1 EPS 260:262 EPS 260:262 EPS 260:262 The bacterium Enterobacter A47 has demonstrated the ability to synthesise distinct exopolysaccharides (EPS) as a function of the substrate used. 24104690 1 43 theme distinct 231:238 arg1 exopolysaccharides 240:257 distinct exopolysaccharides 231:257 distinct exopolysaccharides (EPS) 231:263 The bacterium Enterobacter A47 has demonstrated the ability to synthesise distinct exopolysaccharides (EPS) as a function of the substrate used. 24104690 1 43 theme distinct 231:238 arg1 function 270:277 a function 268:277 a function of the substrate used 268:299 The bacterium Enterobacter A47 has demonstrated the ability to synthesise distinct exopolysaccharides (EPS) as a function of the substrate used. 24104690 9 44 theme emulsion-stabilising 1389:1408 arg1 capacity 1410:1417 little emulsion-stabilising capacity 1382:1417 little emulsion-stabilising capacity 1382:1417 On the other hand, the polymer produced from xylose had little emulsion-stabilising capacity and lower apparent viscosity than EPS-s and EPS-g, but its films were considerably more elastic. 24104690 3 45 theme 3.38 g L 600:607 arg1  day 612:615 3.38 g L(-1) day(-1) 600:619 3.38 g L(-1) day(-1) 600:619 The highest EPS production (13.23 g L(-1)) was obtained in the glucose fed assay, with a volumetric productivity of 3.38 g L(-1) day(-1). 24104690 3 46 theme fed 555:557 arg1 assay 559:563 the glucose fed assay 543:563 the glucose fed assay 543:563 The highest EPS production (13.23 g L(-1)) was obtained in the glucose fed assay, with a volumetric productivity of 3.38 g L(-1) day(-1). 24104690 3 47 theme highest 488:494 arg1 13.23 g L 512:520 13.23 g L(-1) 512:524 13.23 g L(-1) 512:524 The highest EPS production (13.23 g L(-1)) was obtained in the glucose fed assay, with a volumetric productivity of 3.38 g L(-1) day(-1). 24104690 3 47 theme highest 488:494 arg1 production 500:509 The highest EPS production 484:509 The highest EPS production (13.23 g L(-1)) 484:525 The highest EPS production (13.23 g L(-1)) was obtained in the glucose fed assay, with a volumetric productivity of 3.38 g L(-1) day(-1). 24104690 7 48 theme good 1056:1059 arg1 capacity 1082:1089 good emulsion-stabilising capacity 1056:1089 good emulsion-stabilising capacity 1056:1089 The polymers produced from glycerol (EPS-s) and glucose (EPS-g) had identical shear-thinning behaviour and good emulsion-stabilising capacity and their films had similar mechanical and water vapour properties. 24104690 2 49 theme previous 466:473 arg1 studies 475:481 previous studies 466:481 previous studies 466:481 The culture's performance was evaluated in experiments using either glucose or xylose, as single carbon sources, and compared with the substrate (glycerol) used in previous studies. 24104690 9 50 theme lower 1423:1427 arg1 viscosity 1438:1446 lower apparent viscosity 1423:1446 lower apparent viscosity 1423:1446 On the other hand, the polymer produced from xylose had little emulsion-stabilising capacity and lower apparent viscosity than EPS-s and EPS-g, but its films were considerably more elastic. 24104690 3 51 theme EPS 496:498 arg1 13.23 g L 512:520 13.23 g L(-1) 512:524 13.23 g L(-1) 512:524 The highest EPS production (13.23 g L(-1)) was obtained in the glucose fed assay, with a volumetric productivity of 3.38 g L(-1) day(-1). 24104690 3 51 theme EPS 496:498 arg1 production 500:509 The highest EPS production 484:509 The highest EPS production (13.23 g L(-1)) 484:525 The highest EPS production (13.23 g L(-1)) was obtained in the glucose fed assay, with a volumetric productivity of 3.38 g L(-1) day(-1). 24104690 7 52 theme identical 1017:1025 arg1 behaviour 1042:1050 identical shear-thinning behaviour 1017:1050 identical shear-thinning behaviour 1017:1050 The polymers produced from glycerol (EPS-s) and glucose (EPS-g) had identical shear-thinning behaviour and good emulsion-stabilising capacity and their films had similar mechanical and water vapour properties. 28460525 6 0 theme thermal 1080:1086 arg1 stability 1088:1096 improved thermal stability 1071:1096 improved thermal stability 1071:1096 An interwoven network structure with enhanced firmness and density was observed in Q-loaded zein-PGA composite particles, leading to improved thermal stability. 28460525 7 1 theme potential 1105:1113 arg1 mechanisms 1115:1124 Three potential mechanisms 1099:1124 Three potential mechanisms 1099:1124 Three potential mechanisms were proposed to explain the structural characteristics induced by Ca2+, including particle-particle collision for zein particles, chain-chain association for PGA molecules, and simultaneous cross-linking coupled with aggregating for Q-loaded zein-PGA composite particles. 28460525 5 2 dep affinity 883:890 arg1 the 879:881 the 879:881 the 879:881 The presence of Q promoted the affinity and binding capacity of Ca2+ to zein and PGA. 28460525 1 3 theme propylene 186:194 arg1 glycol 196:201 propylene glycol 186:201 propylene glycol alginate (PGA) 186:216 The complexation of zein and propylene glycol alginate (PGA) was confirmed to improve the entrapment efficiency and loading capacity of quercetagetin (Q) in our previous study. 28460525 1 4 theme loading 273:279 arg1 capacity 281:288 loading capacity 273:288 loading capacity 273:288 The complexation of zein and propylene glycol alginate (PGA) was confirmed to improve the entrapment efficiency and loading capacity of quercetagetin (Q) in our previous study. 28460525 7 5 theme Q-loaded 1360:1367 arg1 particles 1388:1396 Q-loaded zein-PGA composite particles 1360:1396 Q-loaded zein-PGA composite particles 1360:1396 Three potential mechanisms were proposed to explain the structural characteristics induced by Ca2+, including particle-particle collision for zein particles, chain-chain association for PGA molecules, and simultaneous cross-linking coupled with aggregating for Q-loaded zein-PGA composite particles. 28460525 4 6 theme filamentous 760:770 arg1 structure 780:788 a fine filamentous network structure 753:788 a fine filamentous network structure 753:788 PGA exhibited a fine filamentous network structure and became much thicker and stronger in the presence of Ca2+. 28460525 0 7 theme Structure 105:113 arg1 Characterization 115:130 Structure Characterization 105:130 Structure Characterization 105:130 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles Induced by Calcium Ions: Structure Characterization and Formation Mechanism. 28460525 0 7 theme Structure 105:113 arg1 Particles 70:78 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles 0:78 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles Induced by Calcium Ions: Structure Characterization and Formation Mechanism. 0:155 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles Induced by Calcium Ions: Structure Characterization and Formation Mechanism. 28460525 4 8 theme fine 755:758 arg1 structure 780:788 a fine filamentous network structure 753:788 a fine filamentous network structure 753:788 PGA exhibited a fine filamentous network structure and became much thicker and stronger in the presence of Ca2+. 28460525 7 9 theme chain-chain 1257:1267 arg1 association 1269:1279 chain-chain association 1257:1279 chain-chain association for PGA molecules 1257:1297 Three potential mechanisms were proposed to explain the structural characteristics induced by Ca2+, including particle-particle collision for zein particles, chain-chain association for PGA molecules, and simultaneous cross-linking coupled with aggregating for Q-loaded zein-PGA composite particles. 28460525 3 10 theme large 553:557 arg1 dimension 559:567 a large dimension 551:567 a large dimension between zein particles 551:590 The incorporation of Ca2+ resulted in the formation of aggregates with a large dimension between zein particles, led to obvious conformational, secondary, and tertiary structural changes of zein, and caused the disappearance of crystalline structure of zein. 28460525 2 11 theme Q-loaded 433:440 arg1 particles 469:477 Q-loaded zein-PGA ternary composite particles 433:477 Q-loaded zein-PGA ternary composite particles 433:477 The present work focused on the influence and induction mechanism of calcium ions on structures of Q-loaded zein-PGA ternary composite particles. 28460525 0 12 theme Formation 136:144 arg1 Mechanism 146:154 Formation Mechanism 136:154 Formation Mechanism 136:154 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles Induced by Calcium Ions: Structure Characterization and Formation Mechanism. 28460525 0 12 theme Formation 136:144 arg1 Particles 70:78 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles 0:78 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles Induced by Calcium Ions: Structure Characterization and Formation Mechanism. 0:155 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles Induced by Calcium Ions: Structure Characterization and Formation Mechanism. 28460525 3 13 theme zein 733:736 arg1 disappearance 691:703 the disappearance 687:703 the disappearance of crystalline structure of zein 687:736 The incorporation of Ca2+ resulted in the formation of aggregates with a large dimension between zein particles, led to obvious conformational, secondary, and tertiary structural changes of zein, and caused the disappearance of crystalline structure of zein. 28460525 2 14 dep influence 366:374 arg1 the 362:364 the 362:364 the 362:364 The present work focused on the influence and induction mechanism of calcium ions on structures of Q-loaded zein-PGA ternary composite particles. 28460525 7 15 theme composite 1378:1386 arg1 particles 1388:1396 Q-loaded zein-PGA composite particles 1360:1396 Q-loaded zein-PGA composite particles 1360:1396 Three potential mechanisms were proposed to explain the structural characteristics induced by Ca2+, including particle-particle collision for zein particles, chain-chain association for PGA molecules, and simultaneous cross-linking coupled with aggregating for Q-loaded zein-PGA composite particles. 28460525 1 16 theme glycol 196:201 arg1 PGA 213:215 PGA 213:215 PGA 213:215 The complexation of zein and propylene glycol alginate (PGA) was confirmed to improve the entrapment efficiency and loading capacity of quercetagetin (Q) in our previous study. 28460525 1 16 theme glycol 196:201 arg1 alginate 203:210 propylene glycol alginate 186:210 propylene glycol alginate (PGA) 186:216 The complexation of zein and propylene glycol alginate (PGA) was confirmed to improve the entrapment efficiency and loading capacity of quercetagetin (Q) in our previous study. 28460525 3 17 theme crystalline 708:718 arg1 structure 720:728 crystalline structure 708:728 crystalline structure 708:728 The incorporation of Ca2+ resulted in the formation of aggregates with a large dimension between zein particles, led to obvious conformational, secondary, and tertiary structural changes of zein, and caused the disappearance of crystalline structure of zein. 28460525 3 18 with aggregates 535:544 arg1 dimension 559:567 a large dimension 551:567 a large dimension between zein particles 551:590 The incorporation of Ca2+ resulted in the formation of aggregates with a large dimension between zein particles, led to obvious conformational, secondary, and tertiary structural changes of zein, and caused the disappearance of crystalline structure of zein. 28460525 0 19 theme Quercetagetin-Loaded 0:19 arg1 Characterization 115:130 Structure Characterization 105:130 Structure Characterization 105:130 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles Induced by Calcium Ions: Structure Characterization and Formation Mechanism. 28460525 0 19 theme Quercetagetin-Loaded 0:19 arg1 Mechanism 146:154 Formation Mechanism 136:154 Formation Mechanism 136:154 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles Induced by Calcium Ions: Structure Characterization and Formation Mechanism. 28460525 0 19 theme Quercetagetin-Loaded 0:19 arg1 Particles 70:78 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles 0:78 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles Induced by Calcium Ions: Structure Characterization and Formation Mechanism. 0:155 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles Induced by Calcium Ions: Structure Characterization and Formation Mechanism. 28460525 1 20 theme alginate 203:210 arg1 complexation 161:172 The complexation 157:172 The complexation of zein and propylene glycol alginate (PGA) 157:216 The complexation of zein and propylene glycol alginate (PGA) was confirmed to improve the entrapment efficiency and loading capacity of quercetagetin (Q) in our previous study. 28460525 0 21 theme Zein-Propylene 21:34 arg1 Characterization 115:130 Structure Characterization 105:130 Structure Characterization 105:130 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles Induced by Calcium Ions: Structure Characterization and Formation Mechanism. 28460525 0 21 theme Zein-Propylene 21:34 arg1 Mechanism 146:154 Formation Mechanism 136:154 Formation Mechanism 136:154 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles Induced by Calcium Ions: Structure Characterization and Formation Mechanism. 28460525 0 21 theme Zein-Propylene 21:34 arg1 Particles 70:78 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles 0:78 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles Induced by Calcium Ions: Structure Characterization and Formation Mechanism. 0:155 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles Induced by Calcium Ions: Structure Characterization and Formation Mechanism. 28460525 3 22 theme structure 720:728 arg1 disappearance 691:703 the disappearance 687:703 the disappearance of crystalline structure of zein 687:736 The incorporation of Ca2+ resulted in the formation of aggregates with a large dimension between zein particles, led to obvious conformational, secondary, and tertiary structural changes of zein, and caused the disappearance of crystalline structure of zein. 28460525 7 23 theme simultaneous 1304:1315 arg1 cross-linking 1317:1329 simultaneous cross-linking 1304:1329 simultaneous cross-linking coupled with aggregating for Q-loaded zein-PGA composite particles 1304:1396 Three potential mechanisms were proposed to explain the structural characteristics induced by Ca2+, including particle-particle collision for zein particles, chain-chain association for PGA molecules, and simultaneous cross-linking coupled with aggregating for Q-loaded zein-PGA composite particles. 28460525 6 24 theme network 952:958 arg1 structure 960:968 An interwoven network structure 938:968 An interwoven network structure with enhanced firmness and density 938:1003 An interwoven network structure with enhanced firmness and density was observed in Q-loaded zein-PGA composite particles, leading to improved thermal stability. 28460525 3 25 theme zein 577:580 arg1 particles 582:590 zein particles 577:590 zein particles 577:590 The incorporation of Ca2+ resulted in the formation of aggregates with a large dimension between zein particles, led to obvious conformational, secondary, and tertiary structural changes of zein, and caused the disappearance of crystalline structure of zein. 28460525 2 26 theme induction 380:388 arg1 mechanism 390:398 induction mechanism 380:398 induction mechanism 380:398 The present work focused on the influence and induction mechanism of calcium ions on structures of Q-loaded zein-PGA ternary composite particles. 28460525 2 27 theme zein-PGA 442:449 arg1 particles 469:477 Q-loaded zein-PGA ternary composite particles 433:477 Q-loaded zein-PGA ternary composite particles 433:477 The present work focused on the influence and induction mechanism of calcium ions on structures of Q-loaded zein-PGA ternary composite particles. 28460525 1 28 theme quercetagetin 293:305 arg1 efficiency 258:267 entrapment efficiency 247:267 entrapment efficiency 247:267 The complexation of zein and propylene glycol alginate (PGA) was confirmed to improve the entrapment efficiency and loading capacity of quercetagetin (Q) in our previous study. 28460525 1 28 theme quercetagetin 293:305 arg1 capacity 281:288 loading capacity 273:288 loading capacity 273:288 The complexation of zein and propylene glycol alginate (PGA) was confirmed to improve the entrapment efficiency and loading capacity of quercetagetin (Q) in our previous study. 28460525 4 29 theme Ca2+ 846:849 arg1 presence 834:841 the presence 830:841 the presence of Ca2+ 830:849 PGA exhibited a fine filamentous network structure and became much thicker and stronger in the presence of Ca2+. 28460525 2 30 from influence 366:374 arg1 structures 419:428 structures 419:428 structures of Q-loaded zein-PGA ternary composite particles 419:477 The present work focused on the influence and induction mechanism of calcium ions on structures of Q-loaded zein-PGA ternary composite particles. 28460525 6 31 located observed 1009:1016 arg2 structure 960:968 An interwoven network structure 938:968 An interwoven network structure with enhanced firmness and density 938:1003 An interwoven network structure with enhanced firmness and density was observed in Q-loaded zein-PGA composite particles, leading to improved thermal stability. 28460525 6 31 located observed 1009:1016 arg1 particles 1049:1057 Q-loaded zein-PGA composite particles 1021:1057 Q-loaded zein-PGA composite particles 1021:1057 An interwoven network structure with enhanced firmness and density was observed in Q-loaded zein-PGA composite particles, leading to improved thermal stability. 28460525 5 32 theme Q 868:868 arg1 presence 856:863 The presence 852:863 The presence of Q 852:868 The presence of Q promoted the affinity and binding capacity of Ca2+ to zein and PGA. 28460525 0 33 theme Alginate 43:50 arg1 Characterization 115:130 Structure Characterization 105:130 Structure Characterization 105:130 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles Induced by Calcium Ions: Structure Characterization and Formation Mechanism. 28460525 0 33 theme Alginate 43:50 arg1 Mechanism 146:154 Formation Mechanism 136:154 Formation Mechanism 136:154 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles Induced by Calcium Ions: Structure Characterization and Formation Mechanism. 28460525 0 33 theme Alginate 43:50 arg1 Particles 70:78 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles 0:78 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles Induced by Calcium Ions: Structure Characterization and Formation Mechanism. 0:155 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles Induced by Calcium Ions: Structure Characterization and Formation Mechanism. 28460525 6 34 theme interwoven 941:950 arg1 structure 960:968 An interwoven network structure 938:968 An interwoven network structure with enhanced firmness and density 938:1003 An interwoven network structure with enhanced firmness and density was observed in Q-loaded zein-PGA composite particles, leading to improved thermal stability. 28460525 1 35 from capacity 281:288 arg1 study 327:331 our previous study 314:331 our previous study 314:331 The complexation of zein and propylene glycol alginate (PGA) was confirmed to improve the entrapment efficiency and loading capacity of quercetagetin (Q) in our previous study. 28460525 6 36 theme Q-loaded 1021:1028 arg1 particles 1049:1057 Q-loaded zein-PGA composite particles 1021:1057 Q-loaded zein-PGA composite particles 1021:1057 An interwoven network structure with enhanced firmness and density was observed in Q-loaded zein-PGA composite particles, leading to improved thermal stability. 28460525 6 37 theme composite 1039:1047 arg1 particles 1049:1057 Q-loaded zein-PGA composite particles 1021:1057 Q-loaded zein-PGA composite particles 1021:1057 An interwoven network structure with enhanced firmness and density was observed in Q-loaded zein-PGA composite particles, leading to improved thermal stability. 28460525 0 38 theme Glycol 36:41 arg1 Characterization 115:130 Structure Characterization 105:130 Structure Characterization 105:130 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles Induced by Calcium Ions: Structure Characterization and Formation Mechanism. 28460525 0 38 theme Glycol 36:41 arg1 Mechanism 146:154 Formation Mechanism 136:154 Formation Mechanism 136:154 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles Induced by Calcium Ions: Structure Characterization and Formation Mechanism. 28460525 0 38 theme Glycol 36:41 arg1 Particles 70:78 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles 0:78 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles Induced by Calcium Ions: Structure Characterization and Formation Mechanism. 0:155 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles Induced by Calcium Ions: Structure Characterization and Formation Mechanism. 28460525 3 39 theme aggregates 535:544 arg1 formation 522:530 the formation 518:530 the formation of aggregates with a large dimension between zein particles 518:590 The incorporation of Ca2+ resulted in the formation of aggregates with a large dimension between zein particles, led to obvious conformational, secondary, and tertiary structural changes of zein, and caused the disappearance of crystalline structure of zein. 28460525 3 40 theme structural 648:657 arg1 changes 659:665 obvious conformational, secondary, and tertiary structural changes 600:665 obvious conformational, secondary, and tertiary structural changes of zein 600:673 The incorporation of Ca2+ resulted in the formation of aggregates with a large dimension between zein particles, led to obvious conformational, secondary, and tertiary structural changes of zein, and caused the disappearance of crystalline structure of zein. 28460525 6 41 theme improved 1071:1078 arg1 stability 1088:1096 improved thermal stability 1071:1096 improved thermal stability 1071:1096 An interwoven network structure with enhanced firmness and density was observed in Q-loaded zein-PGA composite particles, leading to improved thermal stability. 28460525 6 42 theme zein-PGA 1030:1037 arg1 particles 1049:1057 Q-loaded zein-PGA composite particles 1021:1057 Q-loaded zein-PGA composite particles 1021:1057 An interwoven network structure with enhanced firmness and density was observed in Q-loaded zein-PGA composite particles, leading to improved thermal stability. 28460525 0 43 theme Composite 60:68 arg1 Characterization 115:130 Structure Characterization 105:130 Structure Characterization 105:130 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles Induced by Calcium Ions: Structure Characterization and Formation Mechanism. 28460525 0 43 theme Composite 60:68 arg1 Mechanism 146:154 Formation Mechanism 136:154 Formation Mechanism 136:154 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles Induced by Calcium Ions: Structure Characterization and Formation Mechanism. 28460525 0 43 theme Composite 60:68 arg1 Particles 70:78 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles 0:78 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles Induced by Calcium Ions: Structure Characterization and Formation Mechanism. 0:155 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles Induced by Calcium Ions: Structure Characterization and Formation Mechanism. 28460525 1 44 dep efficiency 258:267 arg1 the 243:245 the 243:245 the 243:245 The complexation of zein and propylene glycol alginate (PGA) was confirmed to improve the entrapment efficiency and loading capacity of quercetagetin (Q) in our previous study. 28460525 2 45 theme ions 411:414 arg1 mechanism 390:398 induction mechanism 380:398 induction mechanism 380:398 The present work focused on the influence and induction mechanism of calcium ions on structures of Q-loaded zein-PGA ternary composite particles. 28460525 2 45 theme ions 411:414 arg1 influence 366:374 influence 366:374 influence 366:374 The present work focused on the influence and induction mechanism of calcium ions on structures of Q-loaded zein-PGA ternary composite particles. 28460525 0 46 theme Ternary 52:58 arg1 Characterization 115:130 Structure Characterization 105:130 Structure Characterization 105:130 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles Induced by Calcium Ions: Structure Characterization and Formation Mechanism. 28460525 0 46 theme Ternary 52:58 arg1 Mechanism 146:154 Formation Mechanism 136:154 Formation Mechanism 136:154 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles Induced by Calcium Ions: Structure Characterization and Formation Mechanism. 28460525 0 46 theme Ternary 52:58 arg1 Particles 70:78 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles 0:78 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles Induced by Calcium Ions: Structure Characterization and Formation Mechanism. 0:155 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles Induced by Calcium Ions: Structure Characterization and Formation Mechanism. 28460525 6 47 theme enhanced 975:982 arg1 firmness 984:991 enhanced firmness 975:991 enhanced firmness 975:991 An interwoven network structure with enhanced firmness and density was observed in Q-loaded zein-PGA composite particles, leading to improved thermal stability. 28460525 0 48 dep Particles 70:78 arg1 Characterization 115:130 Structure Characterization 105:130 Structure Characterization 105:130 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles Induced by Calcium Ions: Structure Characterization and Formation Mechanism. 28460525 0 48 dep Particles 70:78 arg1 Mechanism 146:154 Formation Mechanism 136:154 Formation Mechanism 136:154 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles Induced by Calcium Ions: Structure Characterization and Formation Mechanism. 28460525 0 48 dep Particles 70:78 arg1 Particles 70:78 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles 0:78 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles Induced by Calcium Ions: Structure Characterization and Formation Mechanism. 0:155 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles Induced by Calcium Ions: Structure Characterization and Formation Mechanism. 28460525 2 49 theme calcium 403:409 arg1 ions 411:414 calcium ions 403:414 calcium ions 403:414 The present work focused on the influence and induction mechanism of calcium ions on structures of Q-loaded zein-PGA ternary composite particles. 28460525 2 50 theme particles 469:477 arg1 structures 419:428 structures 419:428 structures of Q-loaded zein-PGA ternary composite particles 419:477 The present work focused on the influence and induction mechanism of calcium ions on structures of Q-loaded zein-PGA ternary composite particles. 28460525 7 51 theme zein 1241:1244 arg1 particles 1246:1254 zein particles 1241:1254 zein particles 1241:1254 Three potential mechanisms were proposed to explain the structural characteristics induced by Ca2+, including particle-particle collision for zein particles, chain-chain association for PGA molecules, and simultaneous cross-linking coupled with aggregating for Q-loaded zein-PGA composite particles. 28460525 3 52 theme tertiary 639:646 arg1 changes 659:665 obvious conformational, secondary, and tertiary structural changes 600:665 obvious conformational, secondary, and tertiary structural changes of zein 600:673 The incorporation of Ca2+ resulted in the formation of aggregates with a large dimension between zein particles, led to obvious conformational, secondary, and tertiary structural changes of zein, and caused the disappearance of crystalline structure of zein. 28460525 3 53 theme Ca2+ 501:504 arg1 incorporation 484:496 The incorporation 480:496 The incorporation of Ca2+ 480:504 The incorporation of Ca2+ resulted in the formation of aggregates with a large dimension between zein particles, led to obvious conformational, secondary, and tertiary structural changes of zein, and caused the disappearance of crystalline structure of zein. 28460525 2 54 theme composite 459:467 arg1 particles 469:477 Q-loaded zein-PGA ternary composite particles 433:477 Q-loaded zein-PGA ternary composite particles 433:477 The present work focused on the influence and induction mechanism of calcium ions on structures of Q-loaded zein-PGA ternary composite particles. 28460525 1 55 theme previous 318:325 arg1 study 327:331 our previous study 314:331 our previous study 314:331 The complexation of zein and propylene glycol alginate (PGA) was confirmed to improve the entrapment efficiency and loading capacity of quercetagetin (Q) in our previous study. 28460525 1 56 from efficiency 258:267 arg1 study 327:331 our previous study 314:331 our previous study 314:331 The complexation of zein and propylene glycol alginate (PGA) was confirmed to improve the entrapment efficiency and loading capacity of quercetagetin (Q) in our previous study. 28460525 2 57 theme present 338:344 arg1 work 346:349 The present work 334:349 The present work 334:349 The present work focused on the influence and induction mechanism of calcium ions on structures of Q-loaded zein-PGA ternary composite particles. 28460525 7 58 theme structural 1155:1164 arg1 association 1269:1279 chain-chain association 1257:1279 chain-chain association for PGA molecules 1257:1297 Three potential mechanisms were proposed to explain the structural characteristics induced by Ca2+, including particle-particle collision for zein particles, chain-chain association for PGA molecules, and simultaneous cross-linking coupled with aggregating for Q-loaded zein-PGA composite particles. 28460525 7 58 theme structural 1155:1164 arg1 characteristics 1166:1180 the structural characteristics 1151:1180 the structural characteristics 1151:1180 Three potential mechanisms were proposed to explain the structural characteristics induced by Ca2+, including particle-particle collision for zein particles, chain-chain association for PGA molecules, and simultaneous cross-linking coupled with aggregating for Q-loaded zein-PGA composite particles. 28460525 7 58 theme structural 1155:1164 arg1 cross-linking 1317:1329 simultaneous cross-linking 1304:1329 simultaneous cross-linking coupled with aggregating for Q-loaded zein-PGA composite particles 1304:1396 Three potential mechanisms were proposed to explain the structural characteristics induced by Ca2+, including particle-particle collision for zein particles, chain-chain association for PGA molecules, and simultaneous cross-linking coupled with aggregating for Q-loaded zein-PGA composite particles. 28460525 7 58 theme structural 1155:1164 arg1 collision 1227:1235 particle-particle collision 1209:1235 particle-particle collision for zein particles 1209:1254 Three potential mechanisms were proposed to explain the structural characteristics induced by Ca2+, including particle-particle collision for zein particles, chain-chain association for PGA molecules, and simultaneous cross-linking coupled with aggregating for Q-loaded zein-PGA composite particles. 28460525 3 59 theme secondary 624:632 arg1 changes 659:665 obvious conformational, secondary, and tertiary structural changes 600:665 obvious conformational, secondary, and tertiary structural changes of zein 600:673 The incorporation of Ca2+ resulted in the formation of aggregates with a large dimension between zein particles, led to obvious conformational, secondary, and tertiary structural changes of zein, and caused the disappearance of crystalline structure of zein. 28460525 3 60 theme obvious 600:606 arg1 changes 659:665 obvious conformational, secondary, and tertiary structural changes 600:665 obvious conformational, secondary, and tertiary structural changes of zein 600:673 The incorporation of Ca2+ resulted in the formation of aggregates with a large dimension between zein particles, led to obvious conformational, secondary, and tertiary structural changes of zein, and caused the disappearance of crystalline structure of zein. 28460525 2 61 from mechanism 390:398 arg1 structures 419:428 structures 419:428 structures of Q-loaded zein-PGA ternary composite particles 419:477 The present work focused on the influence and induction mechanism of calcium ions on structures of Q-loaded zein-PGA ternary composite particles. 28460525 7 62 theme PGA 1285:1287 arg1 molecules 1289:1297 PGA molecules 1285:1297 PGA molecules 1285:1297 Three potential mechanisms were proposed to explain the structural characteristics induced by Ca2+, including particle-particle collision for zein particles, chain-chain association for PGA molecules, and simultaneous cross-linking coupled with aggregating for Q-loaded zein-PGA composite particles. 28460525 4 63 theme network 772:778 arg1 structure 780:788 a fine filamentous network structure 753:788 a fine filamentous network structure 753:788 PGA exhibited a fine filamentous network structure and became much thicker and stronger in the presence of Ca2+. 28460525 5 64 theme binding 896:902 arg1 capacity 904:911 binding capacity 896:911 binding capacity 896:911 The presence of Q promoted the affinity and binding capacity of Ca2+ to zein and PGA. 28460525 6 65 with structure 960:968 arg1 density 997:1003 density 997:1003 density 997:1003 An interwoven network structure with enhanced firmness and density was observed in Q-loaded zein-PGA composite particles, leading to improved thermal stability. 28460525 6 65 with structure 960:968 arg1 firmness 984:991 enhanced firmness 975:991 enhanced firmness 975:991 An interwoven network structure with enhanced firmness and density was observed in Q-loaded zein-PGA composite particles, leading to improved thermal stability. 28460525 5 66 theme Ca2+ 916:919 arg1 affinity 883:890 affinity 883:890 affinity 883:890 The presence of Q promoted the affinity and binding capacity of Ca2+ to zein and PGA. 28460525 5 66 theme Ca2+ 916:919 arg1 capacity 904:911 binding capacity 896:911 binding capacity 896:911 The presence of Q promoted the affinity and binding capacity of Ca2+ to zein and PGA. 28460525 0 67 theme Calcium 91:97 arg1 Ions 99:102 Calcium Ions 91:102 Calcium Ions 91:102 Quercetagetin-Loaded Zein-Propylene Glycol Alginate Ternary Composite Particles Induced by Calcium Ions: Structure Characterization and Formation Mechanism. 28460525 3 68 theme zein 670:673 arg1 changes 659:665 obvious conformational, secondary, and tertiary structural changes 600:665 obvious conformational, secondary, and tertiary structural changes of zein 600:673 The incorporation of Ca2+ resulted in the formation of aggregates with a large dimension between zein particles, led to obvious conformational, secondary, and tertiary structural changes of zein, and caused the disappearance of crystalline structure of zein. 28460525 3 69 theme conformational 608:621 arg1 changes 659:665 obvious conformational, secondary, and tertiary structural changes 600:665 obvious conformational, secondary, and tertiary structural changes of zein 600:673 The incorporation of Ca2+ resulted in the formation of aggregates with a large dimension between zein particles, led to obvious conformational, secondary, and tertiary structural changes of zein, and caused the disappearance of crystalline structure of zein. 28460525 7 70 theme zein-PGA 1369:1376 arg1 particles 1388:1396 Q-loaded zein-PGA composite particles 1360:1396 Q-loaded zein-PGA composite particles 1360:1396 Three potential mechanisms were proposed to explain the structural characteristics induced by Ca2+, including particle-particle collision for zein particles, chain-chain association for PGA molecules, and simultaneous cross-linking coupled with aggregating for Q-loaded zein-PGA composite particles. 28460525 1 71 theme entrapment 247:256 arg1 efficiency 258:267 entrapment efficiency 247:267 entrapment efficiency 247:267 The complexation of zein and propylene glycol alginate (PGA) was confirmed to improve the entrapment efficiency and loading capacity of quercetagetin (Q) in our previous study. 28460525 2 72 theme ternary 451:457 arg1 particles 469:477 Q-loaded zein-PGA ternary composite particles 433:477 Q-loaded zein-PGA ternary composite particles 433:477 The present work focused on the influence and induction mechanism of calcium ions on structures of Q-loaded zein-PGA ternary composite particles. 28460525 1 73 theme zein 177:180 arg1 complexation 161:172 The complexation 157:172 The complexation of zein and propylene glycol alginate (PGA) 157:216 The complexation of zein and propylene glycol alginate (PGA) was confirmed to improve the entrapment efficiency and loading capacity of quercetagetin (Q) in our previous study. 28460525 7 74 theme particle-particle 1209:1225 arg1 collision 1227:1235 particle-particle collision 1209:1235 particle-particle collision for zein particles 1209:1254 Three potential mechanisms were proposed to explain the structural characteristics induced by Ca2+, including particle-particle collision for zein particles, chain-chain association for PGA molecules, and simultaneous cross-linking coupled with aggregating for Q-loaded zein-PGA composite particles. 26509556 4 0 theme sodium 846:851 arg1 TritonX-100 871:881 sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100 846:881 sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100 846:881 Injectable decellularized ECM constructs were created using 3 NP tissue decellularization methods (con.A: sodium deoxycholate, con.B: sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate, con.C: sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100) and evaluated for protein, microstructure, and for cell adaptation in 21 day human NPC and MSC culture experiments. 26509556 8 1 theme NP 1629:1630 arg1 cells 1632:1636 NP cells 1629:1636 NP cells 1629:1636 The injectable decellularized NP biomaterial that used sodium deoxycholate without additional decellularization steps maintained native NP tissue structure and composition closest to natural ECM and promoted cellular adaptation of NP cells and MSCs. 26509556 4 2 theme sulfate 861:867 arg1 TritonX-100 871:881 sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100 846:881 sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100 846:881 Injectable decellularized ECM constructs were created using 3 NP tissue decellularization methods (con.A: sodium deoxycholate, con.B: sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate, con.C: sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100) and evaluated for protein, microstructure, and for cell adaptation in 21 day human NPC and MSC culture experiments. 26509556 3 3 theme nucleus 563:569 arg1 NP 581:582 NP 581:582 NP 581:582 This study aimed to develop a decellularized injectable bovine ECM material that maintains structural and compositional features of native tissue and promotes nucleus pulposus (NP) cell (NPC) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) adaption. 26509556 3 3 theme nucleus 563:569 arg1 pulposus 571:578 nucleus pulposus 563:578 nucleus pulposus (NP) cell (NPC) 563:594 This study aimed to develop a decellularized injectable bovine ECM material that maintains structural and compositional features of native tissue and promotes nucleus pulposus (NP) cell (NPC) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) adaption. 26509556 9 4 theme decellularized 1661:1674 arg1 biomaterial 1676:1686 This natural decellularized biomaterial 1648:1686 This natural decellularized biomaterial 1648:1686 This natural decellularized biomaterial warrants further investigation for its potential as an injectable cell seeded supplement to augment NP replacement biomaterials and deliver NPCs or MSCs. 26509556 4 5 theme Injectable 638:647 arg1 constructs 668:677 Injectable decellularized ECM constructs 638:677 Injectable decellularized ECM constructs 638:677 Injectable decellularized ECM constructs were created using 3 NP tissue decellularization methods (con.A: sodium deoxycholate, con.B: sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate, con.C: sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100) and evaluated for protein, microstructure, and for cell adaptation in 21 day human NPC and MSC culture experiments. 26509556 6 6 theme GAG 1231:1233 arg1 production 1235:1244 newly synthesized GAG production 1213:1244 newly synthesized GAG production 1213:1244 NPCs in decellularized constructs of con.A&B demonstrated newly synthesized GAG production, which was apparent from "halos" of GAG staining surrounding seeded NPCs. 26509556 7 7 theme cell 1363:1366 arg1 viability 1368:1376 high cell viability 1358:1376 high cell viability 1358:1376 Con.A also promoted MSC adaption with high cell viability and ECM production. 26509556 4 8 theme ECM 664:666 arg1 constructs 668:677 Injectable decellularized ECM constructs 638:677 Injectable decellularized ECM constructs 638:677 Injectable decellularized ECM constructs were created using 3 NP tissue decellularization methods (con.A: sodium deoxycholate, con.B: sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate, con.C: sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100) and evaluated for protein, microstructure, and for cell adaptation in 21 day human NPC and MSC culture experiments. 26509556 6 9 theme staining 1286:1293 arg1 " 1277:1277 "halos" 1271:1277 "halos" of GAG staining surrounding seeded NPCs 1271:1317 NPCs in decellularized constructs of con.A&B demonstrated newly synthesized GAG production, which was apparent from "halos" of GAG staining surrounding seeded NPCs. 26509556 2 10 theme available 300:308 arg1 biomaterials 310:321 many available biomaterials 295:321 many available biomaterials 295:321 There is a clinical need to develop injectable biomaterials capable of promoting IVD regeneration, yet many available biomaterials do not mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM) or promote matrix production. 26509556 7 11 theme MSC 1340:1342 arg1 adaption 1344:1351 MSC adaption 1340:1351 MSC adaption 1340:1351 Con.A also promoted MSC adaption with high cell viability and ECM production. 26509556 8 12 used used 1448:1451 arg2 biomaterial 1431:1441 The injectable decellularized NP biomaterial 1398:1441 The injectable decellularized NP biomaterial that used sodium deoxycholate without additional decellularization steps 1398:1514 The injectable decellularized NP biomaterial that used sodium deoxycholate without additional decellularization steps maintained native NP tissue structure and composition closest to natural ECM and promoted cellular adaptation of NP cells and MSCs. 26509556 2 13 theme injectable 228:237 arg1 biomaterials 239:250 injectable biomaterials 228:250 injectable biomaterials capable of promoting IVD regeneration 228:288 There is a clinical need to develop injectable biomaterials capable of promoting IVD regeneration, yet many available biomaterials do not mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM) or promote matrix production. 26509556 8 14 theme decellularized 1413:1426 arg1 biomaterial 1431:1441 The injectable decellularized NP biomaterial 1398:1441 The injectable decellularized NP biomaterial that used sodium deoxycholate without additional decellularization steps 1398:1514 The injectable decellularized NP biomaterial that used sodium deoxycholate without additional decellularization steps maintained native NP tissue structure and composition closest to natural ECM and promoted cellular adaptation of NP cells and MSCs. 26509556 4 15 theme NP 700:701 arg1 con.A 737:741 con.A 737:741 con.A 737:741 Injectable decellularized ECM constructs were created using 3 NP tissue decellularization methods (con.A: sodium deoxycholate, con.B: sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate, con.C: sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100) and evaluated for protein, microstructure, and for cell adaptation in 21 day human NPC and MSC culture experiments. 26509556 4 15 theme NP 700:701 arg1 methods 728:734 3 NP tissue decellularization methods 698:734 3 NP tissue decellularization methods (con.A: sodium deoxycholate, con.B: sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate, con.C: sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100) 698:882 Injectable decellularized ECM constructs were created using 3 NP tissue decellularization methods (con.A: sodium deoxycholate, con.B: sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate, con.C: sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100) and evaluated for protein, microstructure, and for cell adaptation in 21 day human NPC and MSC culture experiments. 26509556 6 16 theme halos 1272:1276 arg1 " 1277:1277 "halos" 1271:1277 "halos" of GAG staining surrounding seeded NPCs 1271:1317 NPCs in decellularized constructs of con.A&B demonstrated newly synthesized GAG production, which was apparent from "halos" of GAG staining surrounding seeded NPCs. 26509556 4 17 dep con.A 737:741 arg1 con.C 818:822 con.C 818:822 con.C 818:822 Injectable decellularized ECM constructs were created using 3 NP tissue decellularization methods (con.A: sodium deoxycholate, con.B: sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate, con.C: sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100) and evaluated for protein, microstructure, and for cell adaptation in 21 day human NPC and MSC culture experiments. 26509556 4 17 dep con.A 737:741 arg1 deoxycholate 751:762 sodium deoxycholate 744:762 sodium deoxycholate 744:762 Injectable decellularized ECM constructs were created using 3 NP tissue decellularization methods (con.A: sodium deoxycholate, con.B: sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate, con.C: sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100) and evaluated for protein, microstructure, and for cell adaptation in 21 day human NPC and MSC culture experiments. 26509556 4 17 dep con.A 737:741 arg1 deoxycholate 832:843 sodium deoxycholate 825:843 sodium deoxycholate 825:843 Injectable decellularized ECM constructs were created using 3 NP tissue decellularization methods (con.A: sodium deoxycholate, con.B: sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate, con.C: sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100) and evaluated for protein, microstructure, and for cell adaptation in 21 day human NPC and MSC culture experiments. 26509556 4 17 dep con.A 737:741 arg1 TritonX-100 871:881 sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100 846:881 sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100 846:881 Injectable decellularized ECM constructs were created using 3 NP tissue decellularization methods (con.A: sodium deoxycholate, con.B: sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate, con.C: sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100) and evaluated for protein, microstructure, and for cell adaptation in 21 day human NPC and MSC culture experiments. 26509556 4 17 dep con.A 737:741 arg1 con.B 765:769 con.B 765:769 con.B 765:769 Injectable decellularized ECM constructs were created using 3 NP tissue decellularization methods (con.A: sodium deoxycholate, con.B: sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate, con.C: sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100) and evaluated for protein, microstructure, and for cell adaptation in 21 day human NPC and MSC culture experiments. 26509556 4 17 dep con.A 737:741 arg1 sulfate 809:815 sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate 772:815 sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate 772:815 Injectable decellularized ECM constructs were created using 3 NP tissue decellularization methods (con.A: sodium deoxycholate, con.B: sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate, con.C: sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100) and evaluated for protein, microstructure, and for cell adaptation in 21 day human NPC and MSC culture experiments. 26509556 9 18 theme injectable 1743:1752 arg1 supplement 1766:1775 an injectable cell seeded supplement to augment NP replacement biomaterials and deliver NPCs or MSCs 1740:1839 an injectable cell seeded supplement to augment NP replacement biomaterials and deliver NPCs or MSCs 1740:1839 This natural decellularized biomaterial warrants further investigation for its potential as an injectable cell seeded supplement to augment NP replacement biomaterials and deliver NPCs or MSCs. 26509556 2 19 theme IVD 273:275 arg1 regeneration 277:288 IVD regeneration 273:288 IVD regeneration 273:288 There is a clinical need to develop injectable biomaterials capable of promoting IVD regeneration, yet many available biomaterials do not mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM) or promote matrix production. 26509556 6 20 theme decellularized 1163:1176 arg1 constructs 1178:1187 decellularized constructs 1163:1187 decellularized constructs of con.A&B 1163:1198 NPCs in decellularized constructs of con.A&B demonstrated newly synthesized GAG production, which was apparent from "halos" of GAG staining surrounding seeded NPCs. 26509556 4 21 theme decellularization 710:726 arg1 con.A 737:741 con.A 737:741 con.A 737:741 Injectable decellularized ECM constructs were created using 3 NP tissue decellularization methods (con.A: sodium deoxycholate, con.B: sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate, con.C: sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100) and evaluated for protein, microstructure, and for cell adaptation in 21 day human NPC and MSC culture experiments. 26509556 4 21 theme decellularization 710:726 arg1 methods 728:734 3 NP tissue decellularization methods 698:734 3 NP tissue decellularization methods (con.A: sodium deoxycholate, con.B: sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate, con.C: sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100) 698:882 Injectable decellularized ECM constructs were created using 3 NP tissue decellularization methods (con.A: sodium deoxycholate, con.B: sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate, con.C: sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100) and evaluated for protein, microstructure, and for cell adaptation in 21 day human NPC and MSC culture experiments. 26509556 9 22 theme seeded 1759:1764 arg1 supplement 1766:1775 an injectable cell seeded supplement to augment NP replacement biomaterials and deliver NPCs or MSCs 1740:1839 an injectable cell seeded supplement to augment NP replacement biomaterials and deliver NPCs or MSCs 1740:1839 This natural decellularized biomaterial warrants further investigation for its potential as an injectable cell seeded supplement to augment NP replacement biomaterials and deliver NPCs or MSCs. 26509556 0 23 theme nucleus 76:82 arg1 regeneration 93:104 nucleus pulposus regeneration 76:104 nucleus pulposus regeneration 76:104 Development of a bovine decellularized extracellular matrix-biomaterial for nucleus pulposus regeneration. 26509556 3 24 theme mesenchymal 600:610 arg1 MSC 623:625 MSC 623:625 MSC 623:625 This study aimed to develop a decellularized injectable bovine ECM material that maintains structural and compositional features of native tissue and promotes nucleus pulposus (NP) cell (NPC) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) adaption. 26509556 3 24 theme mesenchymal 600:610 arg1 cell 617:620 mesenchymal stem cell 600:620 mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) 600:626 This study aimed to develop a decellularized injectable bovine ECM material that maintains structural and compositional features of native tissue and promotes nucleus pulposus (NP) cell (NPC) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) adaption. 26509556 1 25 theme common 159:164 arg1 degeneration 141:152 Painful intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration 107:152 Painful intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration 107:152 Painful intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a common cause for spinal surgery. 26509556 1 25 theme common 159:164 arg1 cause 166:170 a common cause 157:170 a common cause for spinal surgery 157:189 Painful intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a common cause for spinal surgery. 26509556 4 26 theme 21 954:955 arg1 day 957:959 day 957:959 day 957:959 Injectable decellularized ECM constructs were created using 3 NP tissue decellularization methods (con.A: sodium deoxycholate, con.B: sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate, con.C: sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100) and evaluated for protein, microstructure, and for cell adaptation in 21 day human NPC and MSC culture experiments. 26509556 9 27 theme natural 1653:1659 arg1 biomaterial 1676:1686 This natural decellularized biomaterial 1648:1686 This natural decellularized biomaterial 1648:1686 This natural decellularized biomaterial warrants further investigation for its potential as an injectable cell seeded supplement to augment NP replacement biomaterials and deliver NPCs or MSCs. 26509556 9 28 theme NP 1788:1789 arg1 biomaterials 1803:1814 NP replacement biomaterials 1788:1814 NP replacement biomaterials 1788:1814 This natural decellularized biomaterial warrants further investigation for its potential as an injectable cell seeded supplement to augment NP replacement biomaterials and deliver NPCs or MSCs. 26509556 8 29 theme additional 1481:1490 arg1 steps 1510:1514 additional decellularization steps 1481:1514 additional decellularization steps 1481:1514 The injectable decellularized NP biomaterial that used sodium deoxycholate without additional decellularization steps maintained native NP tissue structure and composition closest to natural ECM and promoted cellular adaptation of NP cells and MSCs. 26509556 6 30 theme seeded 1307:1312 arg1 NPCs 1314:1317 seeded NPCs 1307:1317 seeded NPCs 1307:1317 NPCs in decellularized constructs of con.A&B demonstrated newly synthesized GAG production, which was apparent from "halos" of GAG staining surrounding seeded NPCs. 26509556 5 31 theme collagen 1058:1065 arg1 microstructure 1067:1080 best collagen microstructure 1053:1080 best collagen microstructure 1053:1080 Con.A was most efficient at DNA depletion, preserved best collagen microstructure and content, and maintained the highest glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content. 26509556 4 32 theme culture 979:985 arg1 experiments 987:997 MSC culture experiments 975:997 MSC culture experiments 975:997 Injectable decellularized ECM constructs were created using 3 NP tissue decellularization methods (con.A: sodium deoxycholate, con.B: sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate, con.C: sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100) and evaluated for protein, microstructure, and for cell adaptation in 21 day human NPC and MSC culture experiments. 26509556 8 33 theme native 1527:1532 arg1 structure 1544:1552 native NP tissue structure 1527:1552 native NP tissue structure 1527:1552 The injectable decellularized NP biomaterial that used sodium deoxycholate without additional decellularization steps maintained native NP tissue structure and composition closest to natural ECM and promoted cellular adaptation of NP cells and MSCs. 26509556 1 34 theme intervertebral 115:128 arg1 degeneration 141:152 Painful intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration 107:152 Painful intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration 107:152 Painful intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a common cause for spinal surgery. 26509556 1 34 theme intervertebral 115:128 arg1 cause 166:170 a common cause 157:170 a common cause for spinal surgery 157:189 Painful intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a common cause for spinal surgery. 26509556 8 35 theme tissue 1537:1542 arg1 structure 1544:1552 native NP tissue structure 1527:1552 native NP tissue structure 1527:1552 The injectable decellularized NP biomaterial that used sodium deoxycholate without additional decellularization steps maintained native NP tissue structure and composition closest to natural ECM and promoted cellular adaptation of NP cells and MSCs. 26509556 3 36 theme ECM 467:469 arg1 material 471:478 a decellularized injectable bovine ECM material 432:478 a decellularized injectable bovine ECM material that maintains structural and compositional features of native tissue and promotes nucleus pulposus (NP) cell (NPC) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) adaption 432:635 This study aimed to develop a decellularized injectable bovine ECM material that maintains structural and compositional features of native tissue and promotes nucleus pulposus (NP) cell (NPC) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) adaption. 26509556 4 37 theme human 961:965 arg1 NPC 967:969 21 day human NPC 954:969 21 day human NPC 954:969 Injectable decellularized ECM constructs were created using 3 NP tissue decellularization methods (con.A: sodium deoxycholate, con.B: sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate, con.C: sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100) and evaluated for protein, microstructure, and for cell adaptation in 21 day human NPC and MSC culture experiments. 26509556 9 38 theme further 1697:1703 arg1 investigation 1705:1717 further investigation 1697:1717 further investigation 1697:1717 This natural decellularized biomaterial warrants further investigation for its potential as an injectable cell seeded supplement to augment NP replacement biomaterials and deliver NPCs or MSCs. 26509556 4 39 theme dodecyl 801:807 arg1 sulfate 809:815 sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate 772:815 sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate 772:815 Injectable decellularized ECM constructs were created using 3 NP tissue decellularization methods (con.A: sodium deoxycholate, con.B: sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate, con.C: sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100) and evaluated for protein, microstructure, and for cell adaptation in 21 day human NPC and MSC culture experiments. 26509556 3 40 theme injectable 449:458 arg1 material 471:478 a decellularized injectable bovine ECM material 432:478 a decellularized injectable bovine ECM material that maintains structural and compositional features of native tissue and promotes nucleus pulposus (NP) cell (NPC) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) adaption 432:635 This study aimed to develop a decellularized injectable bovine ECM material that maintains structural and compositional features of native tissue and promotes nucleus pulposus (NP) cell (NPC) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) adaption. 26509556 3 41 dep cell 585:588 arg1 adaption 628:635 adaption 628:635 adaption 628:635 This study aimed to develop a decellularized injectable bovine ECM material that maintains structural and compositional features of native tissue and promotes nucleus pulposus (NP) cell (NPC) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) adaption. 26509556 0 42 theme decellularized 24:37 arg1 matrix-biomaterial 53:70 a bovine decellularized extracellular matrix-biomaterial 15:70 a bovine decellularized extracellular matrix-biomaterial for nucleus pulposus regeneration 15:104 Development of a bovine decellularized extracellular matrix-biomaterial for nucleus pulposus regeneration. 26509556 8 43 theme closest 1570:1576 arg1 structure 1544:1552 native NP tissue structure 1527:1552 native NP tissue structure 1527:1552 The injectable decellularized NP biomaterial that used sodium deoxycholate without additional decellularization steps maintained native NP tissue structure and composition closest to natural ECM and promoted cellular adaptation of NP cells and MSCs. 26509556 3 44 theme structural 495:504 arg1 features 524:531 structural and compositional features 495:531 structural and compositional features of native tissue 495:548 This study aimed to develop a decellularized injectable bovine ECM material that maintains structural and compositional features of native tissue and promotes nucleus pulposus (NP) cell (NPC) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) adaption. 26509556 0 45 theme matrix-biomaterial 53:70 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development of a bovine decellularized extracellular matrix-biomaterial for nucleus pulposus regeneration. 0:105 Development of a bovine decellularized extracellular matrix-biomaterial for nucleus pulposus regeneration. 26509556 6 46 from " 1277:1277 arg1 apparent 1257:1264 apparent 1257:1264 apparent 1257:1264 NPCs in decellularized constructs of con.A&B demonstrated newly synthesized GAG production, which was apparent from "halos" of GAG staining surrounding seeded NPCs. 26509556 10 47 theme Orthopaedic 1849:1859 arg1 Research 1861:1868 © 2015 Orthopaedic Research 1842:1868 © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. 1842:1877 © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. 26509556 2 48 theme capable 252:258 arg1 biomaterials 239:250 injectable biomaterials 228:250 injectable biomaterials capable of promoting IVD regeneration 228:288 There is a clinical need to develop injectable biomaterials capable of promoting IVD regeneration, yet many available biomaterials do not mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM) or promote matrix production. 26509556 2 49 theme clinical 203:210 arg1 need 212:215 a clinical need 201:215 a clinical need 201:215 There is a clinical need to develop injectable biomaterials capable of promoting IVD regeneration, yet many available biomaterials do not mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM) or promote matrix production. 26509556 4 50 theme sodium 772:777 arg1 sulfate 809:815 sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate 772:815 sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate 772:815 Injectable decellularized ECM constructs were created using 3 NP tissue decellularization methods (con.A: sodium deoxycholate, con.B: sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate, con.C: sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100) and evaluated for protein, microstructure, and for cell adaptation in 21 day human NPC and MSC culture experiments. 26509556 8 51 theme MSCs 1642:1645 arg1 adaptation 1615:1624 cellular adaptation 1606:1624 cellular adaptation of NP cells and MSCs 1606:1645 The injectable decellularized NP biomaterial that used sodium deoxycholate without additional decellularization steps maintained native NP tissue structure and composition closest to natural ECM and promoted cellular adaptation of NP cells and MSCs. 26509556 4 52 theme & 792:792 arg1 sulfate 809:815 sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate 772:815 sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate 772:815 Injectable decellularized ECM constructs were created using 3 NP tissue decellularization methods (con.A: sodium deoxycholate, con.B: sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate, con.C: sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100) and evaluated for protein, microstructure, and for cell adaptation in 21 day human NPC and MSC culture experiments. 26509556 4 53 from adaptation 940:949 arg1 NPC 967:969 21 day human NPC 954:969 21 day human NPC 954:969 Injectable decellularized ECM constructs were created using 3 NP tissue decellularization methods (con.A: sodium deoxycholate, con.B: sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate, con.C: sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100) and evaluated for protein, microstructure, and for cell adaptation in 21 day human NPC and MSC culture experiments. 26509556 4 53 from adaptation 940:949 arg1 experiments 987:997 MSC culture experiments 975:997 MSC culture experiments 975:997 Injectable decellularized ECM constructs were created using 3 NP tissue decellularization methods (con.A: sodium deoxycholate, con.B: sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate, con.C: sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100) and evaluated for protein, microstructure, and for cell adaptation in 21 day human NPC and MSC culture experiments. 26509556 8 54 theme cellular 1606:1613 arg1 adaptation 1615:1624 cellular adaptation 1606:1624 cellular adaptation of NP cells and MSCs 1606:1645 The injectable decellularized NP biomaterial that used sodium deoxycholate without additional decellularization steps maintained native NP tissue structure and composition closest to natural ECM and promoted cellular adaptation of NP cells and MSCs. 26509556 3 55 theme compositional 510:522 arg1 features 524:531 structural and compositional features 495:531 structural and compositional features of native tissue 495:548 This study aimed to develop a decellularized injectable bovine ECM material that maintains structural and compositional features of native tissue and promotes nucleus pulposus (NP) cell (NPC) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) adaption. 26509556 2 56 theme many 295:298 arg1 biomaterials 310:321 many available biomaterials 295:321 many available biomaterials 295:321 There is a clinical need to develop injectable biomaterials capable of promoting IVD regeneration, yet many available biomaterials do not mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM) or promote matrix production. 26509556 4 57 theme dodecyl 853:859 arg1 TritonX-100 871:881 sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100 846:881 sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100 846:881 Injectable decellularized ECM constructs were created using 3 NP tissue decellularization methods (con.A: sodium deoxycholate, con.B: sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate, con.C: sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100) and evaluated for protein, microstructure, and for cell adaptation in 21 day human NPC and MSC culture experiments. 26509556 8 58 theme cells 1632:1636 arg1 adaptation 1615:1624 cellular adaptation 1606:1624 cellular adaptation of NP cells and MSCs 1606:1645 The injectable decellularized NP biomaterial that used sodium deoxycholate without additional decellularization steps maintained native NP tissue structure and composition closest to natural ECM and promoted cellular adaptation of NP cells and MSCs. 26509556 2 59 theme extracellular 347:359 arg1 ECM 369:371 ECM 369:371 ECM 369:371 There is a clinical need to develop injectable biomaterials capable of promoting IVD regeneration, yet many available biomaterials do not mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM) or promote matrix production. 26509556 2 59 theme extracellular 347:359 arg1 matrix 361:366 the native extracellular matrix 336:366 the native extracellular matrix (ECM) 336:372 There is a clinical need to develop injectable biomaterials capable of promoting IVD regeneration, yet many available biomaterials do not mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM) or promote matrix production. 26509556 3 60 theme tissue 543:548 arg1 features 524:531 structural and compositional features 495:531 structural and compositional features of native tissue 495:548 This study aimed to develop a decellularized injectable bovine ECM material that maintains structural and compositional features of native tissue and promotes nucleus pulposus (NP) cell (NPC) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) adaption. 26509556 1 61 theme spinal 176:181 arg1 surgery 183:189 spinal surgery 176:189 spinal surgery 176:189 Painful intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a common cause for spinal surgery. 26509556 7 62 theme ECM 1382:1384 arg1 production 1386:1395 ECM production 1382:1395 ECM production 1382:1395 Con.A also promoted MSC adaption with high cell viability and ECM production. 26509556 5 63 theme highest 1114:1120 arg1 content 1146:1152 the highest glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content 1110:1152 the highest glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content 1110:1152 Con.A was most efficient at DNA depletion, preserved best collagen microstructure and content, and maintained the highest glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content. 26509556 6 64 theme synthesized 1219:1229 arg1 production 1235:1244 newly synthesized GAG production 1213:1244 newly synthesized GAG production 1213:1244 NPCs in decellularized constructs of con.A&B demonstrated newly synthesized GAG production, which was apparent from "halos" of GAG staining surrounding seeded NPCs. 26509556 4 65 theme sodium 825:830 arg1 deoxycholate 832:843 sodium deoxycholate 825:843 sodium deoxycholate 825:843 Injectable decellularized ECM constructs were created using 3 NP tissue decellularization methods (con.A: sodium deoxycholate, con.B: sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate, con.C: sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100) and evaluated for protein, microstructure, and for cell adaptation in 21 day human NPC and MSC culture experiments. 26509556 4 66 theme decellularized 649:662 arg1 constructs 668:677 Injectable decellularized ECM constructs 638:677 Injectable decellularized ECM constructs 638:677 Injectable decellularized ECM constructs were created using 3 NP tissue decellularization methods (con.A: sodium deoxycholate, con.B: sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate, con.C: sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100) and evaluated for protein, microstructure, and for cell adaptation in 21 day human NPC and MSC culture experiments. 26509556 3 67 theme pulposus 571:578 arg1 NPC 591:593 NPC 591:593 NPC 591:593 This study aimed to develop a decellularized injectable bovine ECM material that maintains structural and compositional features of native tissue and promotes nucleus pulposus (NP) cell (NPC) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) adaption. 26509556 3 67 theme pulposus 571:578 arg1 cell 585:588 nucleus pulposus (NP) cell 563:588 nucleus pulposus (NP) cell (NPC) 563:594 This study aimed to develop a decellularized injectable bovine ECM material that maintains structural and compositional features of native tissue and promotes nucleus pulposus (NP) cell (NPC) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) adaption. 26509556 8 68 theme injectable 1402:1411 arg1 biomaterial 1431:1441 The injectable decellularized NP biomaterial 1398:1441 The injectable decellularized NP biomaterial that used sodium deoxycholate without additional decellularization steps 1398:1514 The injectable decellularized NP biomaterial that used sodium deoxycholate without additional decellularization steps maintained native NP tissue structure and composition closest to natural ECM and promoted cellular adaptation of NP cells and MSCs. 26509556 7 69 theme high 1358:1361 arg1 viability 1368:1376 high cell viability 1358:1376 high cell viability 1358:1376 Con.A also promoted MSC adaption with high cell viability and ECM production. 26509556 6 70 theme GAG 1282:1284 arg1 staining 1286:1293 GAG staining 1282:1293 GAG staining surrounding seeded NPCs 1282:1317 NPCs in decellularized constructs of con.A&B demonstrated newly synthesized GAG production, which was apparent from "halos" of GAG staining surrounding seeded NPCs. 26509556 5 71 theme DNA 1028:1030 arg1 depletion 1032:1040 DNA depletion 1028:1040 DNA depletion 1028:1040 Con.A was most efficient at DNA depletion, preserved best collagen microstructure and content, and maintained the highest glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content. 26509556 8 72 theme NP 1428:1429 arg1 biomaterial 1431:1441 The injectable decellularized NP biomaterial 1398:1441 The injectable decellularized NP biomaterial that used sodium deoxycholate without additional decellularization steps 1398:1514 The injectable decellularized NP biomaterial that used sodium deoxycholate without additional decellularization steps maintained native NP tissue structure and composition closest to natural ECM and promoted cellular adaptation of NP cells and MSCs. 26509556 6 73 theme con.A&B 1192:1198 arg1 constructs 1178:1187 decellularized constructs 1163:1187 decellularized constructs of con.A&B 1163:1198 NPCs in decellularized constructs of con.A&B demonstrated newly synthesized GAG production, which was apparent from "halos" of GAG staining surrounding seeded NPCs. 26509556 8 74 theme natural 1581:1587 arg1 ECM 1589:1591 natural ECM 1581:1591 natural ECM 1581:1591 The injectable decellularized NP biomaterial that used sodium deoxycholate without additional decellularization steps maintained native NP tissue structure and composition closest to natural ECM and promoted cellular adaptation of NP cells and MSCs. 26509556 1 75 theme IVD 136:138 arg1 degeneration 141:152 Painful intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration 107:152 Painful intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration 107:152 Painful intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a common cause for spinal surgery. 26509556 1 75 theme IVD 136:138 arg1 cause 166:170 a common cause 157:170 a common cause for spinal surgery 157:189 Painful intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a common cause for spinal surgery. 26509556 4 76 theme & 869:869 arg1 TritonX-100 871:881 sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100 846:881 sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100 846:881 Injectable decellularized ECM constructs were created using 3 NP tissue decellularization methods (con.A: sodium deoxycholate, con.B: sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate, con.C: sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100) and evaluated for protein, microstructure, and for cell adaptation in 21 day human NPC and MSC culture experiments. 26509556 3 77 theme stem 612:615 arg1 MSC 623:625 MSC 623:625 MSC 623:625 This study aimed to develop a decellularized injectable bovine ECM material that maintains structural and compositional features of native tissue and promotes nucleus pulposus (NP) cell (NPC) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) adaption. 26509556 3 77 theme stem 612:615 arg1 cell 617:620 mesenchymal stem cell 600:620 mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) 600:626 This study aimed to develop a decellularized injectable bovine ECM material that maintains structural and compositional features of native tissue and promotes nucleus pulposus (NP) cell (NPC) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) adaption. 26509556 9 78 theme cell 1754:1757 arg1 supplement 1766:1775 an injectable cell seeded supplement to augment NP replacement biomaterials and deliver NPCs or MSCs 1740:1839 an injectable cell seeded supplement to augment NP replacement biomaterials and deliver NPCs or MSCs 1740:1839 This natural decellularized biomaterial warrants further investigation for its potential as an injectable cell seeded supplement to augment NP replacement biomaterials and deliver NPCs or MSCs. 26509556 8 79 theme sodium 1453:1458 arg1 deoxycholate 1460:1471 sodium deoxycholate 1453:1471 sodium deoxycholate 1453:1471 The injectable decellularized NP biomaterial that used sodium deoxycholate without additional decellularization steps maintained native NP tissue structure and composition closest to natural ECM and promoted cellular adaptation of NP cells and MSCs. 26509556 4 80 theme tissue 703:708 arg1 con.A 737:741 con.A 737:741 con.A 737:741 Injectable decellularized ECM constructs were created using 3 NP tissue decellularization methods (con.A: sodium deoxycholate, con.B: sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate, con.C: sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100) and evaluated for protein, microstructure, and for cell adaptation in 21 day human NPC and MSC culture experiments. 26509556 4 80 theme tissue 703:708 arg1 methods 728:734 3 NP tissue decellularization methods 698:734 3 NP tissue decellularization methods (con.A: sodium deoxycholate, con.B: sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate, con.C: sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100) 698:882 Injectable decellularized ECM constructs were created using 3 NP tissue decellularization methods (con.A: sodium deoxycholate, con.B: sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate, con.C: sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100) and evaluated for protein, microstructure, and for cell adaptation in 21 day human NPC and MSC culture experiments. 26509556 0 81 theme pulposus 84:91 arg1 regeneration 93:104 nucleus pulposus regeneration 76:104 nucleus pulposus regeneration 76:104 Development of a bovine decellularized extracellular matrix-biomaterial for nucleus pulposus regeneration. 26509556 10 82 theme © 1842:1842 arg1 Research 1861:1868 © 2015 Orthopaedic Research 1842:1868 © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. 1842:1877 © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. 26509556 4 83 theme cell 935:938 arg1 adaptation 940:949 cell adaptation 935:949 cell adaptation in 21 day human NPC and MSC culture experiments 935:997 Injectable decellularized ECM constructs were created using 3 NP tissue decellularization methods (con.A: sodium deoxycholate, con.B: sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate, con.C: sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100) and evaluated for protein, microstructure, and for cell adaptation in 21 day human NPC and MSC culture experiments. 26509556 6 84 from NPCs 1155:1158 arg1 constructs 1178:1187 decellularized constructs 1163:1187 decellularized constructs of con.A&B 1163:1198 NPCs in decellularized constructs of con.A&B demonstrated newly synthesized GAG production, which was apparent from "halos" of GAG staining surrounding seeded NPCs. 26509556 8 85 theme decellularization 1492:1508 arg1 steps 1510:1514 additional decellularization steps 1481:1514 additional decellularization steps 1481:1514 The injectable decellularized NP biomaterial that used sodium deoxycholate without additional decellularization steps maintained native NP tissue structure and composition closest to natural ECM and promoted cellular adaptation of NP cells and MSCs. 26509556 5 86 from depletion 1032:1040 arg1 efficient 1015:1023 efficient 1015:1023 efficient 1015:1023 Con.A was most efficient at DNA depletion, preserved best collagen microstructure and content, and maintained the highest glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content. 26509556 9 87 theme replacement 1791:1801 arg1 biomaterials 1803:1814 NP replacement biomaterials 1788:1814 NP replacement biomaterials 1788:1814 This natural decellularized biomaterial warrants further investigation for its potential as an injectable cell seeded supplement to augment NP replacement biomaterials and deliver NPCs or MSCs. 26509556 4 88 theme sodium 744:749 arg1 deoxycholate 751:762 sodium deoxycholate 744:762 sodium deoxycholate 744:762 Injectable decellularized ECM constructs were created using 3 NP tissue decellularization methods (con.A: sodium deoxycholate, con.B: sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate, con.C: sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100) and evaluated for protein, microstructure, and for cell adaptation in 21 day human NPC and MSC culture experiments. 26509556 5 89 theme best 1053:1056 arg1 microstructure 1067:1080 best collagen microstructure 1053:1080 best collagen microstructure 1053:1080 Con.A was most efficient at DNA depletion, preserved best collagen microstructure and content, and maintained the highest glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content. 26509556 8 90 theme NP 1534:1535 arg1 structure 1544:1552 native NP tissue structure 1527:1552 native NP tissue structure 1527:1552 The injectable decellularized NP biomaterial that used sodium deoxycholate without additional decellularization steps maintained native NP tissue structure and composition closest to natural ECM and promoted cellular adaptation of NP cells and MSCs. 26509556 2 91 theme matrix 385:390 arg1 production 392:401 matrix production 385:401 matrix production 385:401 There is a clinical need to develop injectable biomaterials capable of promoting IVD regeneration, yet many available biomaterials do not mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM) or promote matrix production. 26509556 1 92 theme Painful 107:113 arg1 degeneration 141:152 Painful intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration 107:152 Painful intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration 107:152 Painful intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a common cause for spinal surgery. 26509556 1 92 theme Painful 107:113 arg1 cause 166:170 a common cause 157:170 a common cause for spinal surgery 157:189 Painful intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a common cause for spinal surgery. 26509556 4 93 theme MSC 975:977 arg1 experiments 987:997 MSC culture experiments 975:997 MSC culture experiments 975:997 Injectable decellularized ECM constructs were created using 3 NP tissue decellularization methods (con.A: sodium deoxycholate, con.B: sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate, con.C: sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100) and evaluated for protein, microstructure, and for cell adaptation in 21 day human NPC and MSC culture experiments. 26509556 0 94 theme bovine 17:22 arg1 matrix-biomaterial 53:70 a bovine decellularized extracellular matrix-biomaterial 15:70 a bovine decellularized extracellular matrix-biomaterial for nucleus pulposus regeneration 15:104 Development of a bovine decellularized extracellular matrix-biomaterial for nucleus pulposus regeneration. 26509556 1 95 theme disc 130:133 arg1 degeneration 141:152 Painful intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration 107:152 Painful intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration 107:152 Painful intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a common cause for spinal surgery. 26509556 1 95 theme disc 130:133 arg1 cause 166:170 a common cause 157:170 a common cause for spinal surgery 157:189 Painful intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a common cause for spinal surgery. 26509556 0 96 theme extracellular 39:51 arg1 matrix-biomaterial 53:70 a bovine decellularized extracellular matrix-biomaterial 15:70 a bovine decellularized extracellular matrix-biomaterial for nucleus pulposus regeneration 15:104 Development of a bovine decellularized extracellular matrix-biomaterial for nucleus pulposus regeneration. 26509556 4 97 theme day 957:959 arg1 NPC 967:969 21 day human NPC 954:969 21 day human NPC 954:969 Injectable decellularized ECM constructs were created using 3 NP tissue decellularization methods (con.A: sodium deoxycholate, con.B: sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate, con.C: sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100) and evaluated for protein, microstructure, and for cell adaptation in 21 day human NPC and MSC culture experiments. 26509556 4 98 theme sodium 794:799 arg1 sulfate 809:815 sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate 772:815 sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate 772:815 Injectable decellularized ECM constructs were created using 3 NP tissue decellularization methods (con.A: sodium deoxycholate, con.B: sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate, con.C: sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100) and evaluated for protein, microstructure, and for cell adaptation in 21 day human NPC and MSC culture experiments. 26509556 3 99 theme bovine 460:465 arg1 material 471:478 a decellularized injectable bovine ECM material 432:478 a decellularized injectable bovine ECM material that maintains structural and compositional features of native tissue and promotes nucleus pulposus (NP) cell (NPC) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) adaption 432:635 This study aimed to develop a decellularized injectable bovine ECM material that maintains structural and compositional features of native tissue and promotes nucleus pulposus (NP) cell (NPC) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) adaption. 26509556 2 100 theme native 340:345 arg1 ECM 369:371 ECM 369:371 ECM 369:371 There is a clinical need to develop injectable biomaterials capable of promoting IVD regeneration, yet many available biomaterials do not mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM) or promote matrix production. 26509556 2 100 theme native 340:345 arg1 matrix 361:366 the native extracellular matrix 336:366 the native extracellular matrix (ECM) 336:372 There is a clinical need to develop injectable biomaterials capable of promoting IVD regeneration, yet many available biomaterials do not mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM) or promote matrix production. 26509556 5 101 theme glycosaminoglycan 1122:1138 arg1 content 1146:1152 the highest glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content 1110:1152 the highest glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content 1110:1152 Con.A was most efficient at DNA depletion, preserved best collagen microstructure and content, and maintained the highest glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content. 26509556 3 102 theme decellularized 434:447 arg1 material 471:478 a decellularized injectable bovine ECM material 432:478 a decellularized injectable bovine ECM material that maintains structural and compositional features of native tissue and promotes nucleus pulposus (NP) cell (NPC) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) adaption 432:635 This study aimed to develop a decellularized injectable bovine ECM material that maintains structural and compositional features of native tissue and promotes nucleus pulposus (NP) cell (NPC) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) adaption. 26509556 4 103 theme deoxycholate 779:790 arg1 sulfate 809:815 sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate 772:815 sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate 772:815 Injectable decellularized ECM constructs were created using 3 NP tissue decellularization methods (con.A: sodium deoxycholate, con.B: sodium deoxycholate & sodium dodecyl sulfate, con.C: sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate & TritonX-100) and evaluated for protein, microstructure, and for cell adaptation in 21 day human NPC and MSC culture experiments. 26509556 3 104 theme native 536:541 arg1 tissue 543:548 native tissue 536:548 native tissue 536:548 This study aimed to develop a decellularized injectable bovine ECM material that maintains structural and compositional features of native tissue and promotes nucleus pulposus (NP) cell (NPC) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) adaption. 27056565 4 0 theme acid-labile 603:613 arg1 moieties 615:622 important acid-labile moieties 593:622 important acid-labile moieties 593:622 Traditionally, the oligosaccharide and lipid A components of LOS have been analyzed separately following mild acid hydrolysis, although important acid-labile moieties can be cleaved. 27056565 6 1 theme molecular 836:844 arg1 ions 846:849 molecular ions 836:849 molecular ions 836:849 In addition to molecular ions, the spectra show in-source "prompt" fragments arising from regiospecific cleavage between the lipid A and oligosaccharide domains. 27056565 6 2 theme regiospecific 911:923 arg1 cleavage 925:932 regiospecific cleavage 911:932 regiospecific cleavage between the lipid A and oligosaccharide domains 911:980 In addition to molecular ions, the spectra show in-source "prompt" fragments arising from regiospecific cleavage between the lipid A and oligosaccharide domains. 27056565 11 3 theme intact 1672:1677 arg1 LOS 1679:1681 intact LOS 1672:1681 intact LOS 1672:1681 Incorporating IMS into the profiling of intact LOS by MALDI-TOF MS exploits the unique domain structure of the molecule and offers a new means of extracting more detailed information from the analysis. 27056565 2 4 theme core 290:293 arg1 oligosaccharide 295:309 a core oligosaccharide 288:309 a core oligosaccharide linked to a lipid A moiety 288:336 These amphipathic glycolipids are comprised of two domains, a core oligosaccharide linked to a lipid A moiety. 27056565 2 4 theme core 290:293 arg1 domains 279:285 two domains 275:285 two domains 275:285 These amphipathic glycolipids are comprised of two domains, a core oligosaccharide linked to a lipid A moiety. 27056565 10 5 theme time-aligned 1552:1563 arg1 spectra 1578:1584 time-aligned, clean MS/MS spectra 1552:1584 time-aligned, clean MS/MS spectra devoid of fragments from interfering species 1552:1629 Moreover, IMS separation of precursor ions prior to collision-induced dissociation (CID) generated time-aligned, clean MS/MS spectra devoid of fragments from interfering species. 27056565 7 6 theme intact 1101:1106 arg1 LOS 1108:1110 intact LOS 1101:1110 intact LOS from Neisseria spp 1101:1129 Here, we demonstrate the use of traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) for IMS-MS and IMS-MS/MS analyses of intact LOS from Neisseria spp. 27056565 1 7 theme outer 175:179 arg1 membrane 181:188 the outer membrane 171:188 the outer membrane of rough-type Gram-negative bacteria 171:225 Lipooligosaccharides (LOS) are major microbial virulence factors displayed on the outer membrane of rough-type Gram-negative bacteria. 27056565 6 8 theme " 886:886 arg1 fragments 888:896 " fragments 886:896 " fragments arising from regiospecific cleavage between the lipid A and oligosaccharide domains 886:980 In addition to molecular ions, the spectra show in-source "prompt" fragments arising from regiospecific cleavage between the lipid A and oligosaccharide domains. 27056565 9 9 theme ions 1447:1450 arg1 detection 1420:1428 detection 1420:1428 detection of less abundant ions 1420:1450 Using IMS, the singly charged prompt fragments for the oligosaccharide and lipid A domains of LOS were readily separated into resolved ion plumes, permitting the extraction of specific subspectra, which led to increased confidence in assigning compositions and improved detection of less abundant ions. 27056565 10 10 dep time-aligned 1552:1563 arg1 clean 1566:1570 clean 1566:1570 clean 1566:1570 Moreover, IMS separation of precursor ions prior to collision-induced dissociation (CID) generated time-aligned, clean MS/MS spectra devoid of fragments from interfering species. 27056565 1 11 theme Gram-negative 204:216 arg1 bacteria 218:225 rough-type Gram-negative bacteria 193:225 rough-type Gram-negative bacteria 193:225 Lipooligosaccharides (LOS) are major microbial virulence factors displayed on the outer membrane of rough-type Gram-negative bacteria. 27056565 9 12 theme A 1231:1231 arg1 LOS 1244:1246 LOS 1244:1246 LOS 1244:1246 Using IMS, the singly charged prompt fragments for the oligosaccharide and lipid A domains of LOS were readily separated into resolved ion plumes, permitting the extraction of specific subspectra, which led to increased confidence in assigning compositions and improved detection of less abundant ions. 27056565 9 12 theme A 1231:1231 arg1 domains 1233:1239 the oligosaccharide and lipid A domains 1201:1239 domains 1233:1239 Using IMS, the singly charged prompt fragments for the oligosaccharide and lipid A domains of LOS were readily separated into resolved ion plumes, permitting the extraction of specific subspectra, which led to increased confidence in assigning compositions and improved detection of less abundant ions. 27056565 7 13 theme wave 1025:1028 arg1 TWIMS 1057:1061 TWIMS 1057:1061 TWIMS 1057:1061 Here, we demonstrate the use of traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) for IMS-MS and IMS-MS/MS analyses of intact LOS from Neisseria spp. 27056565 7 13 theme wave 1025:1028 arg1 spectrometry 1043:1054 traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry 1015:1054 traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) 1015:1062 Here, we demonstrate the use of traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) for IMS-MS and IMS-MS/MS analyses of intact LOS from Neisseria spp. 27056565 7 14 from analyses 1089:1096 arg1 spp 1127:1129 Neisseria spp 1117:1129 Neisseria spp 1117:1129 Here, we demonstrate the use of traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) for IMS-MS and IMS-MS/MS analyses of intact LOS from Neisseria spp. 27056565 5 15 theme LOS 707:709 arg1 analysis 688:695 analysis 688:695 analysis of intact LOS 688:709 Recently, an improved method was introduced for analysis of intact LOS by MALDI-TOF MS using a thin layer matrix composed of 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone (THAP) and nitrocellulose. 27056565 5 16 theme intact 700:705 arg1 LOS 707:709 intact LOS 700:709 intact LOS 700:709 Recently, an improved method was introduced for analysis of intact LOS by MALDI-TOF MS using a thin layer matrix composed of 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone (THAP) and nitrocellulose. 27056565 9 17 dep charged 1172:1178 arg1 prompt 1180:1185 prompt 1180:1185 prompt fragments for the oligosaccharide and lipid A domains of LOS 1180:1246 Using IMS, the singly charged prompt fragments for the oligosaccharide and lipid A domains of LOS were readily separated into resolved ion plumes, permitting the extraction of specific subspectra, which led to increased confidence in assigning compositions and improved detection of less abundant ions. 27056565 6 18 theme lipid 946:950 arg1 A 952:952 lipid A 946:952 lipid A 946:952 In addition to molecular ions, the spectra show in-source "prompt" fragments arising from regiospecific cleavage between the lipid A and oligosaccharide domains. 27056565 11 19 theme molecule 1743:1750 arg1 structure 1726:1734 the unique domain structure 1708:1734 the unique domain structure of the molecule 1708:1750 Incorporating IMS into the profiling of intact LOS by MALDI-TOF MS exploits the unique domain structure of the molecule and offers a new means of extracting more detailed information from the analysis. 27056565 7 20 theme spectrometry 1043:1054 arg1 use 1008:1010 the use 1004:1010 the use of traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) for IMS-MS and IMS-MS/MS analyses of intact LOS from Neisseria spp 1004:1129 Here, we demonstrate the use of traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) for IMS-MS and IMS-MS/MS analyses of intact LOS from Neisseria spp. 27056565 1 21 theme microbial 130:138 arg1 factors 150:156 major microbial virulence factors 124:156 major microbial virulence factors displayed on the outer membrane of rough-type Gram-negative bacteria 124:225 Lipooligosaccharides (LOS) are major microbial virulence factors displayed on the outer membrane of rough-type Gram-negative bacteria. 27056565 1 21 theme microbial 130:138 arg1 Lipooligosaccharides 93:112 Lipooligosaccharides 93:112 Lipooligosaccharides (LOS) 93:118 Lipooligosaccharides (LOS) are major microbial virulence factors displayed on the outer membrane of rough-type Gram-negative bacteria. 27056565 0 22 theme Traveling 64:72 arg1 Mobility 83:90 Traveling Wave Ion Mobility 64:90 Traveling Wave Ion Mobility 64:90 Analysis of Bacterial Lipooligosaccharides by MALDI-TOF MS with Traveling Wave Ion Mobility. 27056565 11 23 theme new 1765:1767 arg1 means 1769:1773 a new means 1763:1773 a new means of extracting more detailed information from the analysis 1763:1831 Incorporating IMS into the profiling of intact LOS by MALDI-TOF MS exploits the unique domain structure of the molecule and offers a new means of extracting more detailed information from the analysis. 27056565 0 24 theme Ion 79:81 arg1 Mobility 83:90 Traveling Wave Ion Mobility 64:90 Traveling Wave Ion Mobility 64:90 Analysis of Bacterial Lipooligosaccharides by MALDI-TOF MS with Traveling Wave Ion Mobility. 27056565 9 25 theme resolved 1276:1283 arg1 plumes 1289:1294 resolved ion plumes 1276:1294 resolved ion plumes 1276:1294 Using IMS, the singly charged prompt fragments for the oligosaccharide and lipid A domains of LOS were readily separated into resolved ion plumes, permitting the extraction of specific subspectra, which led to increased confidence in assigning compositions and improved detection of less abundant ions. 27056565 5 26 theme layer 740:744 arg1 matrix 746:751 a thin layer matrix 733:751 a thin layer matrix composed of 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone (THAP) and nitrocellulose 733:818 Recently, an improved method was introduced for analysis of intact LOS by MALDI-TOF MS using a thin layer matrix composed of 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone (THAP) and nitrocellulose. 27056565 3 27 theme LOS 348:350 arg1 samples 352:358 Isolated LOS samples 339:358 Isolated LOS samples 339:358 Isolated LOS samples are generally heterogeneous mixtures of glycoforms, with structural variability in both domains. 27056565 3 27 theme LOS 348:350 arg1 mixtures 388:395 generally heterogeneous mixtures 364:395 generally heterogeneous mixtures of glycoforms 364:409 Isolated LOS samples are generally heterogeneous mixtures of glycoforms, with structural variability in both domains. 27056565 10 28 theme IMS 1463:1465 arg1 separation 1467:1476 IMS separation 1463:1476 IMS separation of precursor ions prior to collision-induced dissociation (CID) 1463:1540 Moreover, IMS separation of precursor ions prior to collision-induced dissociation (CID) generated time-aligned, clean MS/MS spectra devoid of fragments from interfering species. 27056565 4 29 theme A 502:502 arg1 components 504:513 the oligosaccharide and lipid A components 472:513 components 504:513 Traditionally, the oligosaccharide and lipid A components of LOS have been analyzed separately following mild acid hydrolysis, although important acid-labile moieties can be cleaved. 27056565 3 30 theme heterogeneous 374:386 arg1 samples 352:358 Isolated LOS samples 339:358 Isolated LOS samples 339:358 Isolated LOS samples are generally heterogeneous mixtures of glycoforms, with structural variability in both domains. 27056565 3 30 theme heterogeneous 374:386 arg1 mixtures 388:395 generally heterogeneous mixtures 364:395 generally heterogeneous mixtures of glycoforms 364:409 Isolated LOS samples are generally heterogeneous mixtures of glycoforms, with structural variability in both domains. 27056565 4 31 theme acid 567:570 arg1 hydrolysis 572:581 mild acid hydrolysis 562:581 mild acid hydrolysis 562:581 Traditionally, the oligosaccharide and lipid A components of LOS have been analyzed separately following mild acid hydrolysis, although important acid-labile moieties can be cleaved. 27056565 10 32 theme ions 1491:1494 arg1 separation 1467:1476 IMS separation 1463:1476 IMS separation of precursor ions prior to collision-induced dissociation (CID) 1463:1540 Moreover, IMS separation of precursor ions prior to collision-induced dissociation (CID) generated time-aligned, clean MS/MS spectra devoid of fragments from interfering species. 27056565 0 33 theme Bacterial 12:20 arg1 Lipooligosaccharides 22:41 Bacterial Lipooligosaccharides 12:41 Bacterial Lipooligosaccharides 12:41 Analysis of Bacterial Lipooligosaccharides by MALDI-TOF MS with Traveling Wave Ion Mobility. 27056565 9 34 theme specific 1326:1333 arg1 subspectra 1335:1344 specific subspectra 1326:1344 specific subspectra 1326:1344 Using IMS, the singly charged prompt fragments for the oligosaccharide and lipid A domains of LOS were readily separated into resolved ion plumes, permitting the extraction of specific subspectra, which led to increased confidence in assigning compositions and improved detection of less abundant ions. 27056565 3 35 theme structural 417:426 arg1 variability 428:438 structural variability 417:438 structural variability in both domains 417:454 Isolated LOS samples are generally heterogeneous mixtures of glycoforms, with structural variability in both domains. 27056565 6 36 dep show 864:867 arg1 prompt 880:885 prompt 880:885 show in-source "prompt" fragments arising from regiospecific cleavage between the lipid A and oligosaccharide domains 864:980 In addition to molecular ions, the spectra show in-source "prompt" fragments arising from regiospecific cleavage between the lipid A and oligosaccharide domains. 27056565 11 37 theme MALDI-TOF 1686:1694 arg1 MS 1696:1697 MALDI-TOF MS 1686:1697 MALDI-TOF MS 1686:1697 Incorporating IMS into the profiling of intact LOS by MALDI-TOF MS exploits the unique domain structure of the molecule and offers a new means of extracting more detailed information from the analysis. 27056565 7 38 from spp 1127:1129 arg1 analyses 1089:1096 IMS-MS and IMS-MS/MS analyses 1068:1096 IMS-MS and IMS-MS/MS analyses of intact LOS from Neisseria spp 1068:1129 Here, we demonstrate the use of traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) for IMS-MS and IMS-MS/MS analyses of intact LOS from Neisseria spp. 27056565 7 38 from spp 1127:1129 arg1 LOS 1108:1110 intact LOS 1101:1110 intact LOS from Neisseria spp 1101:1129 Here, we demonstrate the use of traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) for IMS-MS and IMS-MS/MS analyses of intact LOS from Neisseria spp. 27056565 9 39 from confidence 1370:1379 arg1 compositions 1394:1405 assigning compositions 1384:1405 assigning compositions 1384:1405 Using IMS, the singly charged prompt fragments for the oligosaccharide and lipid A domains of LOS were readily separated into resolved ion plumes, permitting the extraction of specific subspectra, which led to increased confidence in assigning compositions and improved detection of less abundant ions. 27056565 11 40 theme unique 1712:1717 arg1 structure 1726:1734 the unique domain structure 1708:1734 the unique domain structure of the molecule 1708:1750 Incorporating IMS into the profiling of intact LOS by MALDI-TOF MS exploits the unique domain structure of the molecule and offers a new means of extracting more detailed information from the analysis. 27056565 0 41 with MS 56:57 arg1 Mobility 83:90 Traveling Wave Ion Mobility 64:90 Traveling Wave Ion Mobility 64:90 Analysis of Bacterial Lipooligosaccharides by MALDI-TOF MS with Traveling Wave Ion Mobility. 27056565 7 42 theme Neisseria 1117:1125 arg1 spp 1127:1129 Neisseria spp 1117:1129 Neisseria spp 1117:1129 Here, we demonstrate the use of traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) for IMS-MS and IMS-MS/MS analyses of intact LOS from Neisseria spp. 27056565 10 43 from species 1623:1629 arg1 fragments 1596:1604 fragments 1596:1604 fragments from interfering species 1596:1629 Moreover, IMS separation of precursor ions prior to collision-induced dissociation (CID) generated time-aligned, clean MS/MS spectra devoid of fragments from interfering species. 27056565 5 44 theme improved 653:660 arg1 method 662:667 an improved method 650:667 an improved method 650:667 Recently, an improved method was introduced for analysis of intact LOS by MALDI-TOF MS using a thin layer matrix composed of 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone (THAP) and nitrocellulose. 27056565 4 45 theme important 593:601 arg1 moieties 615:622 important acid-labile moieties 593:622 important acid-labile moieties 593:622 Traditionally, the oligosaccharide and lipid A components of LOS have been analyzed separately following mild acid hydrolysis, although important acid-labile moieties can be cleaved. 27056565 10 46 theme MS/MS 1572:1576 arg1 spectra 1578:1584 time-aligned, clean MS/MS spectra 1552:1584 time-aligned, clean MS/MS spectra devoid of fragments from interfering species 1552:1629 Moreover, IMS separation of precursor ions prior to collision-induced dissociation (CID) generated time-aligned, clean MS/MS spectra devoid of fragments from interfering species. 27056565 7 47 theme LOS 1108:1110 arg1 analyses 1089:1096 IMS-MS and IMS-MS/MS analyses 1068:1096 IMS-MS and IMS-MS/MS analyses of intact LOS from Neisseria spp 1068:1129 Here, we demonstrate the use of traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) for IMS-MS and IMS-MS/MS analyses of intact LOS from Neisseria spp. 27056565 11 48 theme LOS 1679:1681 arg1 profiling 1659:1667 the profiling 1655:1667 the profiling of intact LOS by MALDI-TOF MS 1655:1697 Incorporating IMS into the profiling of intact LOS by MALDI-TOF MS exploits the unique domain structure of the molecule and offers a new means of extracting more detailed information from the analysis. 27056565 10 49 theme fragments 1596:1604 arg1 devoid 1586:1591 devoid 1586:1591 devoid 1586:1591 Moreover, IMS separation of precursor ions prior to collision-induced dissociation (CID) generated time-aligned, clean MS/MS spectra devoid of fragments from interfering species. 27056565 7 50 theme IMS-MS/MS 1079:1087 arg1 analyses 1089:1096 IMS-MS and IMS-MS/MS analyses 1068:1096 IMS-MS and IMS-MS/MS analyses of intact LOS from Neisseria spp 1068:1129 Here, we demonstrate the use of traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) for IMS-MS and IMS-MS/MS analyses of intact LOS from Neisseria spp. 27056565 2 51 theme lipid 323:327 arg1 moiety 331:336 a lipid A moiety 321:336 a lipid A moiety 321:336 These amphipathic glycolipids are comprised of two domains, a core oligosaccharide linked to a lipid A moiety. 27056565 9 52 theme abundant 1438:1445 arg1 ions 1447:1450 less abundant ions 1433:1450 less abundant ions 1433:1450 Using IMS, the singly charged prompt fragments for the oligosaccharide and lipid A domains of LOS were readily separated into resolved ion plumes, permitting the extraction of specific subspectra, which led to increased confidence in assigning compositions and improved detection of less abundant ions. 27056565 3 53 with mixtures 388:395 arg1 variability 428:438 structural variability 417:438 structural variability in both domains 417:454 Isolated LOS samples are generally heterogeneous mixtures of glycoforms, with structural variability in both domains. 27056565 10 54 theme devoid 1586:1591 arg1 spectra 1578:1584 time-aligned, clean MS/MS spectra 1552:1584 time-aligned, clean MS/MS spectra devoid of fragments from interfering species 1552:1629 Moreover, IMS separation of precursor ions prior to collision-induced dissociation (CID) generated time-aligned, clean MS/MS spectra devoid of fragments from interfering species. 27056565 11 55 theme detailed 1794:1801 arg1 information 1803:1813 more detailed information 1789:1813 more detailed information 1789:1813 Incorporating IMS into the profiling of intact LOS by MALDI-TOF MS exploits the unique domain structure of the molecule and offers a new means of extracting more detailed information from the analysis. 27056565 7 56 theme IMS-MS 1068:1073 arg1 analyses 1089:1096 IMS-MS and IMS-MS/MS analyses 1068:1096 IMS-MS and IMS-MS/MS analyses of intact LOS from Neisseria spp 1068:1129 Here, we demonstrate the use of traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) for IMS-MS and IMS-MS/MS analyses of intact LOS from Neisseria spp. 27056565 1 57 theme rough-type 193:202 arg1 bacteria 218:225 rough-type Gram-negative bacteria 193:225 rough-type Gram-negative bacteria 193:225 Lipooligosaccharides (LOS) are major microbial virulence factors displayed on the outer membrane of rough-type Gram-negative bacteria. 27056565 2 58 attach linked 311:316 arg2 domains 279:285 two domains 275:285 two domains 275:285 These amphipathic glycolipids are comprised of two domains, a core oligosaccharide linked to a lipid A moiety. 27056565 2 58 attach linked 311:316 arg2 oligosaccharide 295:309 a core oligosaccharide 288:309 a core oligosaccharide linked to a lipid A moiety 288:336 These amphipathic glycolipids are comprised of two domains, a core oligosaccharide linked to a lipid A moiety. 27056565 2 58 attach linked 311:316 arg1 moiety 331:336 a lipid A moiety 321:336 a lipid A moiety 321:336 These amphipathic glycolipids are comprised of two domains, a core oligosaccharide linked to a lipid A moiety. 27056565 9 59 theme lipid 1225:1229 arg1 LOS 1244:1246 LOS 1244:1246 LOS 1244:1246 Using IMS, the singly charged prompt fragments for the oligosaccharide and lipid A domains of LOS were readily separated into resolved ion plumes, permitting the extraction of specific subspectra, which led to increased confidence in assigning compositions and improved detection of less abundant ions. 27056565 9 59 theme lipid 1225:1229 arg1 domains 1233:1239 the oligosaccharide and lipid A domains 1201:1239 domains 1233:1239 Using IMS, the singly charged prompt fragments for the oligosaccharide and lipid A domains of LOS were readily separated into resolved ion plumes, permitting the extraction of specific subspectra, which led to increased confidence in assigning compositions and improved detection of less abundant ions. 27056565 1 60 theme bacteria 218:225 arg1 membrane 181:188 the outer membrane 171:188 the outer membrane of rough-type Gram-negative bacteria 171:225 Lipooligosaccharides (LOS) are major microbial virulence factors displayed on the outer membrane of rough-type Gram-negative bacteria. 27056565 6 61 theme oligosaccharide 958:972 arg1 domains 974:980 the lipid A and oligosaccharide domains 942:980 the lipid A and oligosaccharide domains 942:980 In addition to molecular ions, the spectra show in-source "prompt" fragments arising from regiospecific cleavage between the lipid A and oligosaccharide domains. 27056565 10 62 theme interfering 1611:1621 arg1 species 1623:1629 interfering species 1611:1629 interfering species 1611:1629 Moreover, IMS separation of precursor ions prior to collision-induced dissociation (CID) generated time-aligned, clean MS/MS spectra devoid of fragments from interfering species. 27056565 2 63 theme amphipathic 234:244 arg1 glycolipids 246:256 These amphipathic glycolipids 228:256 These amphipathic glycolipids 228:256 These amphipathic glycolipids are comprised of two domains, a core oligosaccharide linked to a lipid A moiety. 27056565 7 64 theme ion 1030:1032 arg1 TWIMS 1057:1061 TWIMS 1057:1061 TWIMS 1057:1061 Here, we demonstrate the use of traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) for IMS-MS and IMS-MS/MS analyses of intact LOS from Neisseria spp. 27056565 7 64 theme ion 1030:1032 arg1 spectrometry 1043:1054 traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry 1015:1054 traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) 1015:1062 Here, we demonstrate the use of traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) for IMS-MS and IMS-MS/MS analyses of intact LOS from Neisseria spp. 27056565 9 65 theme ion 1285:1287 arg1 plumes 1289:1294 resolved ion plumes 1276:1294 resolved ion plumes 1276:1294 Using IMS, the singly charged prompt fragments for the oligosaccharide and lipid A domains of LOS were readily separated into resolved ion plumes, permitting the extraction of specific subspectra, which led to increased confidence in assigning compositions and improved detection of less abundant ions. 27056565 6 66 theme A 952:952 arg1 domains 974:980 the lipid A and oligosaccharide domains 942:980 the lipid A and oligosaccharide domains 942:980 In addition to molecular ions, the spectra show in-source "prompt" fragments arising from regiospecific cleavage between the lipid A and oligosaccharide domains. 27056565 5 67 theme MALDI-TOF 714:722 arg1 MS 724:725 MALDI-TOF MS 714:725 MALDI-TOF MS using a thin layer matrix composed of 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone (THAP) and nitrocellulose 714:818 Recently, an improved method was introduced for analysis of intact LOS by MALDI-TOF MS using a thin layer matrix composed of 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone (THAP) and nitrocellulose. 27056565 7 68 theme mobility 1034:1041 arg1 TWIMS 1057:1061 TWIMS 1057:1061 TWIMS 1057:1061 Here, we demonstrate the use of traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) for IMS-MS and IMS-MS/MS analyses of intact LOS from Neisseria spp. 27056565 7 68 theme mobility 1034:1041 arg1 spectrometry 1043:1054 traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry 1015:1054 traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) 1015:1062 Here, we demonstrate the use of traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) for IMS-MS and IMS-MS/MS analyses of intact LOS from Neisseria spp. 27056565 9 69 theme LOS 1244:1246 arg1 LOS 1244:1246 LOS 1244:1246 LOS 1244:1246 Using IMS, the singly charged prompt fragments for the oligosaccharide and lipid A domains of LOS were readily separated into resolved ion plumes, permitting the extraction of specific subspectra, which led to increased confidence in assigning compositions and improved detection of less abundant ions. 27056565 9 69 theme LOS 1244:1246 arg1 domains 1233:1239 the oligosaccharide and lipid A domains 1201:1239 domains 1233:1239 Using IMS, the singly charged prompt fragments for the oligosaccharide and lipid A domains of LOS were readily separated into resolved ion plumes, permitting the extraction of specific subspectra, which led to increased confidence in assigning compositions and improved detection of less abundant ions. 27056565 9 69 theme LOS 1244:1246 arg1 oligosaccharide 1205:1219 the oligosaccharide and lipid A domains 1201:1239 oligosaccharide 1205:1219 Using IMS, the singly charged prompt fragments for the oligosaccharide and lipid A domains of LOS were readily separated into resolved ion plumes, permitting the extraction of specific subspectra, which led to increased confidence in assigning compositions and improved detection of less abundant ions. 27056565 7 70 theme traveling 1015:1023 arg1 TWIMS 1057:1061 TWIMS 1057:1061 TWIMS 1057:1061 Here, we demonstrate the use of traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) for IMS-MS and IMS-MS/MS analyses of intact LOS from Neisseria spp. 27056565 7 70 theme traveling 1015:1023 arg1 spectrometry 1043:1054 traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry 1015:1054 traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) 1015:1062 Here, we demonstrate the use of traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) for IMS-MS and IMS-MS/MS analyses of intact LOS from Neisseria spp. 27056565 1 71 theme major 124:128 arg1 factors 150:156 major microbial virulence factors 124:156 major microbial virulence factors displayed on the outer membrane of rough-type Gram-negative bacteria 124:225 Lipooligosaccharides (LOS) are major microbial virulence factors displayed on the outer membrane of rough-type Gram-negative bacteria. 27056565 1 71 theme major 124:128 arg1 Lipooligosaccharides 93:112 Lipooligosaccharides 93:112 Lipooligosaccharides (LOS) 93:118 Lipooligosaccharides (LOS) are major microbial virulence factors displayed on the outer membrane of rough-type Gram-negative bacteria. 27056565 0 72 theme Wave 74:77 arg1 Mobility 83:90 Traveling Wave Ion Mobility 64:90 Traveling Wave Ion Mobility 64:90 Analysis of Bacterial Lipooligosaccharides by MALDI-TOF MS with Traveling Wave Ion Mobility. 27056565 1 73 theme virulence 140:148 arg1 factors 150:156 major microbial virulence factors 124:156 major microbial virulence factors displayed on the outer membrane of rough-type Gram-negative bacteria 124:225 Lipooligosaccharides (LOS) are major microbial virulence factors displayed on the outer membrane of rough-type Gram-negative bacteria. 27056565 1 73 theme virulence 140:148 arg1 Lipooligosaccharides 93:112 Lipooligosaccharides 93:112 Lipooligosaccharides (LOS) 93:118 Lipooligosaccharides (LOS) are major microbial virulence factors displayed on the outer membrane of rough-type Gram-negative bacteria. 27056565 3 74 theme Isolated 339:346 arg1 samples 352:358 Isolated LOS samples 339:358 Isolated LOS samples 339:358 Isolated LOS samples are generally heterogeneous mixtures of glycoforms, with structural variability in both domains. 27056565 3 74 theme Isolated 339:346 arg1 mixtures 388:395 generally heterogeneous mixtures 364:395 generally heterogeneous mixtures of glycoforms 364:409 Isolated LOS samples are generally heterogeneous mixtures of glycoforms, with structural variability in both domains. 27056565 4 75 theme LOS 518:520 arg1 components 504:513 the oligosaccharide and lipid A components 472:513 components 504:513 Traditionally, the oligosaccharide and lipid A components of LOS have been analyzed separately following mild acid hydrolysis, although important acid-labile moieties can be cleaved. 27056565 4 75 theme LOS 518:520 arg1 oligosaccharide 476:490 the oligosaccharide and lipid A components 472:513 oligosaccharide 476:490 Traditionally, the oligosaccharide and lipid A components of LOS have been analyzed separately following mild acid hydrolysis, although important acid-labile moieties can be cleaved. 27056565 5 76 theme thin 735:738 arg1 matrix 746:751 a thin layer matrix 733:751 a thin layer matrix composed of 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone (THAP) and nitrocellulose 733:818 Recently, an improved method was introduced for analysis of intact LOS by MALDI-TOF MS using a thin layer matrix composed of 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone (THAP) and nitrocellulose. 27056565 3 77 from variability 428:438 arg1 domains 448:454 both domains 443:454 both domains 443:454 Isolated LOS samples are generally heterogeneous mixtures of glycoforms, with structural variability in both domains. 27056565 4 78 theme lipid 496:500 arg1 components 504:513 the oligosaccharide and lipid A components 472:513 components 504:513 Traditionally, the oligosaccharide and lipid A components of LOS have been analyzed separately following mild acid hydrolysis, although important acid-labile moieties can be cleaved. 27056565 3 79 theme glycoforms 400:409 arg1 samples 352:358 Isolated LOS samples 339:358 Isolated LOS samples 339:358 Isolated LOS samples are generally heterogeneous mixtures of glycoforms, with structural variability in both domains. 27056565 3 79 theme glycoforms 400:409 arg1 mixtures 388:395 generally heterogeneous mixtures 364:395 generally heterogeneous mixtures of glycoforms 364:409 Isolated LOS samples are generally heterogeneous mixtures of glycoforms, with structural variability in both domains. 27056565 0 80 theme Lipooligosaccharides 22:41 arg1 Analysis 0:7 Analysis 0:7 Analysis of Bacterial Lipooligosaccharides by MALDI-TOF MS with Traveling Wave Ion Mobility. 0:91 Analysis of Bacterial Lipooligosaccharides by MALDI-TOF MS with Traveling Wave Ion Mobility. 27056565 10 81 theme precursor 1481:1489 arg1 ions 1491:1494 precursor ions 1481:1494 precursor ions prior to collision-induced dissociation (CID) 1481:1540 Moreover, IMS separation of precursor ions prior to collision-induced dissociation (CID) generated time-aligned, clean MS/MS spectra devoid of fragments from interfering species. 27056565 0 82 theme MALDI-TOF 46:54 arg1 MS 56:57 MALDI-TOF MS 46:57 MALDI-TOF MS with Traveling Wave Ion Mobility 46:90 Analysis of Bacterial Lipooligosaccharides by MALDI-TOF MS with Traveling Wave Ion Mobility. 27056565 9 83 theme subspectra 1335:1344 arg1 extraction 1312:1321 the extraction 1308:1321 the extraction of specific subspectra 1308:1344 Using IMS, the singly charged prompt fragments for the oligosaccharide and lipid A domains of LOS were readily separated into resolved ion plumes, permitting the extraction of specific subspectra, which led to increased confidence in assigning compositions and improved detection of less abundant ions. 27056565 12 84 theme Graphical 1834:1842 arg1 Abstract 1844:1851 Graphical Abstract 1834:1851 Graphical Abstract 1834:1851 Graphical Abstract ᅟ. 27056565 4 85 theme mild 562:565 arg1 hydrolysis 572:581 mild acid hydrolysis 562:581 mild acid hydrolysis 562:581 Traditionally, the oligosaccharide and lipid A components of LOS have been analyzed separately following mild acid hydrolysis, although important acid-labile moieties can be cleaved. 27056565 10 86 theme collision-induced 1505:1521 arg1 CID 1537:1539 CID 1537:1539 CID 1537:1539 Moreover, IMS separation of precursor ions prior to collision-induced dissociation (CID) generated time-aligned, clean MS/MS spectra devoid of fragments from interfering species. 27056565 10 86 theme collision-induced 1505:1521 arg1 dissociation 1523:1534 collision-induced dissociation 1505:1534 collision-induced dissociation (CID) 1505:1540 Moreover, IMS separation of precursor ions prior to collision-induced dissociation (CID) generated time-aligned, clean MS/MS spectra devoid of fragments from interfering species. 27056565 11 87 theme domain 1719:1724 arg1 structure 1726:1734 the unique domain structure 1708:1734 the unique domain structure of the molecule 1708:1750 Incorporating IMS into the profiling of intact LOS by MALDI-TOF MS exploits the unique domain structure of the molecule and offers a new means of extracting more detailed information from the analysis. 27056565 10 88 theme prior 1496:1500 arg1 ions 1491:1494 precursor ions 1481:1494 precursor ions prior to collision-induced dissociation (CID) 1481:1540 Moreover, IMS separation of precursor ions prior to collision-induced dissociation (CID) generated time-aligned, clean MS/MS spectra devoid of fragments from interfering species. 27056565 2 89 theme A 329:329 arg1 moiety 331:336 a lipid A moiety 321:336 a lipid A moiety 321:336 These amphipathic glycolipids are comprised of two domains, a core oligosaccharide linked to a lipid A moiety. 27056565 9 90 theme assigning 1384:1392 arg1 compositions 1394:1405 assigning compositions 1384:1405 assigning compositions 1384:1405 Using IMS, the singly charged prompt fragments for the oligosaccharide and lipid A domains of LOS were readily separated into resolved ion plumes, permitting the extraction of specific subspectra, which led to increased confidence in assigning compositions and improved detection of less abundant ions. 27203709 8 0 theme gradient 1671:1678 arg1 biomaterial 1680:1690 a PL gradient biomaterial 1666:1690 a PL gradient biomaterial with potential in tissue engineering approaches and analysis of cell-microenvironment interactions 1666:1789 Altogether, we propose a proof of concept strategy to design a PL gradient biomaterial with potential in tissue engineering approaches and analysis of cell-microenvironment interactions. 27203709 7 1 with comparison 1546:1555 arg1 sections 1581:1588 the nonloaded MeGG sections 1562:1588 the nonloaded MeGG sections of the fibers 1562:1602 These spatial protein gradients led to the viability and cell number gradients caused by maintenance of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) survival in the fibers toward the PL-enriched sections in comparison with the nonloaded MeGG sections of the fibers. 27203709 6 2 theme fiber-like 1254:1263 arg1 hydrogel 1265:1272 a fiber-like hydrogel 1252:1272 a fiber-like hydrogel incorporating a gradient of PL along the length of the fiber 1252:1333 The use of microfluidic tools allowed the design of a fiber-like hydrogel incorporating a gradient of PL along the length of the fiber. 27203709 8 3 theme interactions 1778:1789 arg1 analysis 1744:1751 analysis 1744:1751 analysis of cell-microenvironment interactions 1744:1789 Altogether, we propose a proof of concept strategy to design a PL gradient biomaterial with potential in tissue engineering approaches and analysis of cell-microenvironment interactions. 27203709 8 3 theme interactions 1778:1789 arg1 approaches 1729:1738 potential in tissue engineering approaches 1697:1738 potential in tissue engineering approaches 1697:1738 Altogether, we propose a proof of concept strategy to design a PL gradient biomaterial with potential in tissue engineering approaches and analysis of cell-microenvironment interactions. 27203709 7 4 theme PL-enriched 1522:1532 arg1 sections 1534:1541 the PL-enriched sections 1518:1541 the PL-enriched sections in comparison with the nonloaded MeGG sections of the fibers 1518:1602 These spatial protein gradients led to the viability and cell number gradients caused by maintenance of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) survival in the fibers toward the PL-enriched sections in comparison with the nonloaded MeGG sections of the fibers. 27203709 3 5 theme platelet 595:602 arg1 lysate 604:609 platelet lysate 595:609 platelet lysate (PL) 595:614 The novelty of this work relies on the combination of methacrylated gellan gum (MeGG) with platelet lysate (PL), aiming to generate novel advanced 3D PL-enriched photo-cross-linkable hydrogels and overcoming the lack of adhesion sites provided by the native MeGG hydrogels. 27203709 3 5 theme platelet 595:602 arg1 PL 612:613 PL 612:613 PL 612:613 The novelty of this work relies on the combination of methacrylated gellan gum (MeGG) with platelet lysate (PL), aiming to generate novel advanced 3D PL-enriched photo-cross-linkable hydrogels and overcoming the lack of adhesion sites provided by the native MeGG hydrogels. 27203709 7 6 from fibers 1504:1509 arg1 maintenance 1425:1435 maintenance 1425:1435 maintenance of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) survival in the fibers toward the PL-enriched sections in comparison with the nonloaded MeGG sections of the fibers 1425:1602 These spatial protein gradients led to the viability and cell number gradients caused by maintenance of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) survival in the fibers toward the PL-enriched sections in comparison with the nonloaded MeGG sections of the fibers. 27203709 2 7 theme biomimetic 358:367 arg1 biomaterials 369:380 biomimetic biomaterials 358:380 biomimetic biomaterials enriched with bioactive factors 358:412 Recent advances on microfluidics and hydrogel manipulation raised the possibility of generating biomimetic biomaterials enriched with bioactive factors and encapsulating cells following designs specifically tailored for a target application. 27203709 7 8 theme endothelial 1461:1471 arg1 HUVECs 1480:1485 HUVECs 1480:1485 HUVECs 1480:1485 These spatial protein gradients led to the viability and cell number gradients caused by maintenance of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) survival in the fibers toward the PL-enriched sections in comparison with the nonloaded MeGG sections of the fibers. 27203709 7 8 theme endothelial 1461:1471 arg1 cells 1473:1477 human umbilical vein endothelial cells 1440:1477 human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) survival in the fibers toward the PL-enriched sections in comparison with the nonloaded MeGG sections of the fibers 1440:1602 These spatial protein gradients led to the viability and cell number gradients caused by maintenance of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) survival in the fibers toward the PL-enriched sections in comparison with the nonloaded MeGG sections of the fibers. 27203709 1 9 theme tissue 229:234 arg1 regeneration 236:247 tissue regeneration 229:247 tissue regeneration 229:247 Gradients of physical and chemical cues are characteristic of specific tissue microenvironments and contribute toward morphogenesis and tissue regeneration upon injury. 27203709 7 10 from sections 1534:1541 arg1 comparison 1546:1555 comparison 1546:1555 comparison with the nonloaded MeGG sections of the fibers 1546:1602 These spatial protein gradients led to the viability and cell number gradients caused by maintenance of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) survival in the fibers toward the PL-enriched sections in comparison with the nonloaded MeGG sections of the fibers. 27203709 4 11 theme release 1013:1019 arg1 kinetics 1021:1028 protein release kinetics 1005:1028 protein release kinetics 1005:1028 This combination takes advantage of the availability, enriched growth factor composition, and potential autologous application of PL while simultaneously preserving the ability provided by MeGG to tailor mechanical properties, protein release kinetics, and shape of the construct according to the desired goal. 27203709 7 12 theme umbilical 1446:1454 arg1 HUVECs 1480:1485 HUVECs 1480:1485 HUVECs 1480:1485 These spatial protein gradients led to the viability and cell number gradients caused by maintenance of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) survival in the fibers toward the PL-enriched sections in comparison with the nonloaded MeGG sections of the fibers. 27203709 7 12 theme umbilical 1446:1454 arg1 cells 1473:1477 human umbilical vein endothelial cells 1440:1477 human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) survival in the fibers toward the PL-enriched sections in comparison with the nonloaded MeGG sections of the fibers 1440:1602 These spatial protein gradients led to the viability and cell number gradients caused by maintenance of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) survival in the fibers toward the PL-enriched sections in comparison with the nonloaded MeGG sections of the fibers. 27203709 2 13 theme Recent 262:267 arg1 advances 269:276 Recent advances 262:276 Recent advances on microfluidics and hydrogel manipulation 262:319 Recent advances on microfluidics and hydrogel manipulation raised the possibility of generating biomimetic biomaterials enriched with bioactive factors and encapsulating cells following designs specifically tailored for a target application. 27203709 6 14 theme PL 1302:1303 arg1 gradient 1290:1297 a gradient 1288:1297 a gradient of PL along the length of the fiber 1288:1333 The use of microfluidic tools allowed the design of a fiber-like hydrogel incorporating a gradient of PL along the length of the fiber. 27203709 1 15 theme cues 128:131 arg1 Gradients 93:101 Gradients 93:101 Gradients of physical and chemical cues 93:131 Gradients of physical and chemical cues are characteristic of specific tissue microenvironments and contribute toward morphogenesis and tissue regeneration upon injury. 27203709 4 16 theme mechanical 982:991 arg1 properties 993:1002 mechanical properties 982:1002 mechanical properties 982:1002 This combination takes advantage of the availability, enriched growth factor composition, and potential autologous application of PL while simultaneously preserving the ability provided by MeGG to tailor mechanical properties, protein release kinetics, and shape of the construct according to the desired goal. 27203709 2 17 theme hydrogel 299:306 arg1 manipulation 308:319 hydrogel manipulation 299:319 hydrogel manipulation 299:319 Recent advances on microfluidics and hydrogel manipulation raised the possibility of generating biomimetic biomaterials enriched with bioactive factors and encapsulating cells following designs specifically tailored for a target application. 27203709 3 18 theme PL-enriched 654:664 arg1 hydrogels 687:695 novel advanced 3D PL-enriched photo-cross-linkable hydrogels 636:695 novel advanced 3D PL-enriched photo-cross-linkable hydrogels 636:695 The novelty of this work relies on the combination of methacrylated gellan gum (MeGG) with platelet lysate (PL), aiming to generate novel advanced 3D PL-enriched photo-cross-linkable hydrogels and overcoming the lack of adhesion sites provided by the native MeGG hydrogels. 27203709 1 19 theme specific 155:162 arg1 microenvironments 171:187 specific tissue microenvironments 155:187 specific tissue microenvironments 155:187 Gradients of physical and chemical cues are characteristic of specific tissue microenvironments and contribute toward morphogenesis and tissue regeneration upon injury. 27203709 1 20 theme microenvironments 171:187 arg1 characteristic 137:150 characteristic 137:150 characteristic 137:150 Gradients of physical and chemical cues are characteristic of specific tissue microenvironments and contribute toward morphogenesis and tissue regeneration upon injury. 27203709 8 21 from engineering 1717:1727 arg1 potential 1697:1705 potential 1697:1705 potential 1697:1705 Altogether, we propose a proof of concept strategy to design a PL gradient biomaterial with potential in tissue engineering approaches and analysis of cell-microenvironment interactions. 27203709 4 22 theme growth 841:846 arg1 factor 848:853 enriched growth factor 832:853 enriched growth factor composition 832:865 This combination takes advantage of the availability, enriched growth factor composition, and potential autologous application of PL while simultaneously preserving the ability provided by MeGG to tailor mechanical properties, protein release kinetics, and shape of the construct according to the desired goal. 27203709 2 23 from advances 269:276 arg1 microfluidics 281:293 microfluidics 281:293 microfluidics 281:293 Recent advances on microfluidics and hydrogel manipulation raised the possibility of generating biomimetic biomaterials enriched with bioactive factors and encapsulating cells following designs specifically tailored for a target application. 27203709 2 23 from advances 269:276 arg1 manipulation 308:319 hydrogel manipulation 299:319 hydrogel manipulation 299:319 Recent advances on microfluidics and hydrogel manipulation raised the possibility of generating biomimetic biomaterials enriched with bioactive factors and encapsulating cells following designs specifically tailored for a target application. 27203709 0 24 from Gradients 44:52 arg1 Fibers 85:90 Hydrogel Fibers 76:90 Hydrogel Fibers 76:90 Engineering Enriched Microenvironments with Gradients of Platelet Lysate in Hydrogel Fibers. 27203709 7 25 theme fibers 1597:1602 arg1 sections 1581:1588 the nonloaded MeGG sections 1562:1588 the nonloaded MeGG sections of the fibers 1562:1602 These spatial protein gradients led to the viability and cell number gradients caused by maintenance of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) survival in the fibers toward the PL-enriched sections in comparison with the nonloaded MeGG sections of the fibers. 27203709 2 26 theme target 484:489 arg1 application 491:501 a target application 482:501 a target application 482:501 Recent advances on microfluidics and hydrogel manipulation raised the possibility of generating biomimetic biomaterials enriched with bioactive factors and encapsulating cells following designs specifically tailored for a target application. 27203709 4 27 theme autologous 882:891 arg1 application 893:903 potential autologous application 872:903 potential autologous application of PL 872:909 This combination takes advantage of the availability, enriched growth factor composition, and potential autologous application of PL while simultaneously preserving the ability provided by MeGG to tailor mechanical properties, protein release kinetics, and shape of the construct according to the desired goal. 27203709 3 28 theme work 524:527 arg1 novelty 508:514 The novelty 504:514 The novelty of this work 504:527 The novelty of this work relies on the combination of methacrylated gellan gum (MeGG) with platelet lysate (PL), aiming to generate novel advanced 3D PL-enriched photo-cross-linkable hydrogels and overcoming the lack of adhesion sites provided by the native MeGG hydrogels. 27203709 3 29 theme methacrylated 558:570 arg1 MeGG 584:587 MeGG 584:587 MeGG 584:587 The novelty of this work relies on the combination of methacrylated gellan gum (MeGG) with platelet lysate (PL), aiming to generate novel advanced 3D PL-enriched photo-cross-linkable hydrogels and overcoming the lack of adhesion sites provided by the native MeGG hydrogels. 27203709 3 29 theme methacrylated 558:570 arg1 gum 579:581 methacrylated gellan gum 558:581 methacrylated gellan gum (MeGG) with platelet lysate (PL) 558:614 The novelty of this work relies on the combination of methacrylated gellan gum (MeGG) with platelet lysate (PL), aiming to generate novel advanced 3D PL-enriched photo-cross-linkable hydrogels and overcoming the lack of adhesion sites provided by the native MeGG hydrogels. 27203709 0 30 theme Platelet 57:64 arg1 Lysate 66:71 Platelet Lysate 57:71 Platelet Lysate 57:71 Engineering Enriched Microenvironments with Gradients of Platelet Lysate in Hydrogel Fibers. 27203709 7 31 theme MeGG 1576:1579 arg1 sections 1581:1588 the nonloaded MeGG sections 1562:1588 the nonloaded MeGG sections of the fibers 1562:1602 These spatial protein gradients led to the viability and cell number gradients caused by maintenance of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) survival in the fibers toward the PL-enriched sections in comparison with the nonloaded MeGG sections of the fibers. 27203709 5 32 theme PL 1106:1107 arg1 Incorporation 1089:1101 Incorporation 1089:1101 Incorporation of PL in the hydrogels 1089:1124 Incorporation of PL in the hydrogels significantly improved cellular adhesion and viability in the constructs. 27203709 7 33 theme protein 1350:1356 arg1 gradients 1358:1366 These spatial protein gradients 1336:1366 These spatial protein gradients 1336:1366 These spatial protein gradients led to the viability and cell number gradients caused by maintenance of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) survival in the fibers toward the PL-enriched sections in comparison with the nonloaded MeGG sections of the fibers. 27203709 8 34 theme potential 1697:1705 arg1 approaches 1729:1738 potential in tissue engineering approaches 1697:1738 potential in tissue engineering approaches 1697:1738 Altogether, we propose a proof of concept strategy to design a PL gradient biomaterial with potential in tissue engineering approaches and analysis of cell-microenvironment interactions. 27203709 8 35 theme strategy 1647:1654 arg1 proof 1630:1634 a proof 1628:1634 a proof of concept strategy to design a PL gradient biomaterial with potential in tissue engineering approaches and analysis of cell-microenvironment interactions 1628:1789 Altogether, we propose a proof of concept strategy to design a PL gradient biomaterial with potential in tissue engineering approaches and analysis of cell-microenvironment interactions. 27203709 3 36 theme adhesion 724:731 arg1 sites 733:737 adhesion sites 724:737 adhesion sites provided by the native MeGG hydrogels 724:775 The novelty of this work relies on the combination of methacrylated gellan gum (MeGG) with platelet lysate (PL), aiming to generate novel advanced 3D PL-enriched photo-cross-linkable hydrogels and overcoming the lack of adhesion sites provided by the native MeGG hydrogels. 27203709 2 37 theme following 438:446 arg1 designs 448:454 cells following designs 432:454 cells following designs specifically tailored for a target application 432:501 Recent advances on microfluidics and hydrogel manipulation raised the possibility of generating biomimetic biomaterials enriched with bioactive factors and encapsulating cells following designs specifically tailored for a target application. 27203709 8 38 theme tissue 1710:1715 arg1 engineering 1717:1727 tissue engineering 1710:1727 tissue engineering 1710:1727 Altogether, we propose a proof of concept strategy to design a PL gradient biomaterial with potential in tissue engineering approaches and analysis of cell-microenvironment interactions. 27203709 3 39 theme MeGG 762:765 arg1 hydrogels 767:775 the native MeGG hydrogels 751:775 the native MeGG hydrogels 751:775 The novelty of this work relies on the combination of methacrylated gellan gum (MeGG) with platelet lysate (PL), aiming to generate novel advanced 3D PL-enriched photo-cross-linkable hydrogels and overcoming the lack of adhesion sites provided by the native MeGG hydrogels. 27203709 3 40 with gum 579:581 arg1 lysate 604:609 platelet lysate 595:609 platelet lysate (PL) 595:614 The novelty of this work relies on the combination of methacrylated gellan gum (MeGG) with platelet lysate (PL), aiming to generate novel advanced 3D PL-enriched photo-cross-linkable hydrogels and overcoming the lack of adhesion sites provided by the native MeGG hydrogels. 27203709 3 40 with gum 579:581 arg1 PL 612:613 PL 612:613 PL 612:613 The novelty of this work relies on the combination of methacrylated gellan gum (MeGG) with platelet lysate (PL), aiming to generate novel advanced 3D PL-enriched photo-cross-linkable hydrogels and overcoming the lack of adhesion sites provided by the native MeGG hydrogels. 27203709 3 41 theme gum 579:581 arg1 combination 543:553 the combination 539:553 the combination of methacrylated gellan gum (MeGG) with platelet lysate (PL) 539:614 The novelty of this work relies on the combination of methacrylated gellan gum (MeGG) with platelet lysate (PL), aiming to generate novel advanced 3D PL-enriched photo-cross-linkable hydrogels and overcoming the lack of adhesion sites provided by the native MeGG hydrogels. 27203709 8 42 theme PL 1668:1669 arg1 biomaterial 1680:1690 a PL gradient biomaterial 1666:1690 a PL gradient biomaterial with potential in tissue engineering approaches and analysis of cell-microenvironment interactions 1666:1789 Altogether, we propose a proof of concept strategy to design a PL gradient biomaterial with potential in tissue engineering approaches and analysis of cell-microenvironment interactions. 27203709 6 43 theme fiber 1329:1333 arg1 length 1315:1320 the length 1311:1320 the length of the fiber 1311:1333 The use of microfluidic tools allowed the design of a fiber-like hydrogel incorporating a gradient of PL along the length of the fiber. 27203709 8 44 theme cell-microenvironment 1756:1776 arg1 interactions 1778:1789 cell-microenvironment interactions 1756:1789 cell-microenvironment interactions 1756:1789 Altogether, we propose a proof of concept strategy to design a PL gradient biomaterial with potential in tissue engineering approaches and analysis of cell-microenvironment interactions. 27203709 4 45 theme PL 908:909 arg1 application 893:903 potential autologous application 872:903 potential autologous application of PL 872:909 This combination takes advantage of the availability, enriched growth factor composition, and potential autologous application of PL while simultaneously preserving the ability provided by MeGG to tailor mechanical properties, protein release kinetics, and shape of the construct according to the desired goal. 27203709 4 45 theme PL 908:909 arg1 advantage 801:809 advantage 801:809 advantage of the availability 801:829 This combination takes advantage of the availability, enriched growth factor composition, and potential autologous application of PL while simultaneously preserving the ability provided by MeGG to tailor mechanical properties, protein release kinetics, and shape of the construct according to the desired goal. 27203709 4 45 theme PL 908:909 arg1 composition 855:865 enriched growth factor composition 832:865 enriched growth factor composition 832:865 This combination takes advantage of the availability, enriched growth factor composition, and potential autologous application of PL while simultaneously preserving the ability provided by MeGG to tailor mechanical properties, protein release kinetics, and shape of the construct according to the desired goal. 27203709 7 46 theme survival 1488:1495 arg1 maintenance 1425:1435 maintenance 1425:1435 maintenance of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) survival in the fibers toward the PL-enriched sections in comparison with the nonloaded MeGG sections of the fibers 1425:1602 These spatial protein gradients led to the viability and cell number gradients caused by maintenance of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) survival in the fibers toward the PL-enriched sections in comparison with the nonloaded MeGG sections of the fibers. 27203709 8 47 with biomaterial 1680:1690 arg1 analysis 1744:1751 analysis 1744:1751 analysis of cell-microenvironment interactions 1744:1789 Altogether, we propose a proof of concept strategy to design a PL gradient biomaterial with potential in tissue engineering approaches and analysis of cell-microenvironment interactions. 27203709 8 47 with biomaterial 1680:1690 arg1 approaches 1729:1738 potential in tissue engineering approaches 1697:1738 potential in tissue engineering approaches 1697:1738 Altogether, we propose a proof of concept strategy to design a PL gradient biomaterial with potential in tissue engineering approaches and analysis of cell-microenvironment interactions. 27203709 6 48 theme microfluidic 1211:1222 arg1 tools 1224:1228 microfluidic tools 1211:1228 microfluidic tools 1211:1228 The use of microfluidic tools allowed the design of a fiber-like hydrogel incorporating a gradient of PL along the length of the fiber. 27203709 2 49 theme bioactive 396:404 arg1 factors 406:412 bioactive factors 396:412 bioactive factors 396:412 Recent advances on microfluidics and hydrogel manipulation raised the possibility of generating biomimetic biomaterials enriched with bioactive factors and encapsulating cells following designs specifically tailored for a target application. 27203709 5 50 theme cellular 1149:1156 arg1 adhesion 1158:1165 cellular adhesion 1149:1165 cellular adhesion 1149:1165 Incorporation of PL in the hydrogels significantly improved cellular adhesion and viability in the constructs. 27203709 3 51 theme novel 636:640 arg1 hydrogels 687:695 novel advanced 3D PL-enriched photo-cross-linkable hydrogels 636:695 novel advanced 3D PL-enriched photo-cross-linkable hydrogels 636:695 The novelty of this work relies on the combination of methacrylated gellan gum (MeGG) with platelet lysate (PL), aiming to generate novel advanced 3D PL-enriched photo-cross-linkable hydrogels and overcoming the lack of adhesion sites provided by the native MeGG hydrogels. 27203709 5 52 from Incorporation 1089:1101 arg1 hydrogels 1116:1124 the hydrogels 1112:1124 the hydrogels 1112:1124 Incorporation of PL in the hydrogels significantly improved cellular adhesion and viability in the constructs. 27203709 4 53 theme protein 1005:1011 arg1 kinetics 1021:1028 protein release kinetics 1005:1028 protein release kinetics 1005:1028 This combination takes advantage of the availability, enriched growth factor composition, and potential autologous application of PL while simultaneously preserving the ability provided by MeGG to tailor mechanical properties, protein release kinetics, and shape of the construct according to the desired goal. 27203709 7 54 theme vein 1456:1459 arg1 HUVECs 1480:1485 HUVECs 1480:1485 HUVECs 1480:1485 These spatial protein gradients led to the viability and cell number gradients caused by maintenance of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) survival in the fibers toward the PL-enriched sections in comparison with the nonloaded MeGG sections of the fibers. 27203709 7 54 theme vein 1456:1459 arg1 cells 1473:1477 human umbilical vein endothelial cells 1440:1477 human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) survival in the fibers toward the PL-enriched sections in comparison with the nonloaded MeGG sections of the fibers 1440:1602 These spatial protein gradients led to the viability and cell number gradients caused by maintenance of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) survival in the fibers toward the PL-enriched sections in comparison with the nonloaded MeGG sections of the fibers. 27203709 1 55 theme chemical 119:126 arg1 cues 128:131 physical and chemical cues 106:131 physical and chemical cues 106:131 Gradients of physical and chemical cues are characteristic of specific tissue microenvironments and contribute toward morphogenesis and tissue regeneration upon injury. 27203709 7 56 theme human 1440:1444 arg1 HUVECs 1480:1485 HUVECs 1480:1485 HUVECs 1480:1485 These spatial protein gradients led to the viability and cell number gradients caused by maintenance of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) survival in the fibers toward the PL-enriched sections in comparison with the nonloaded MeGG sections of the fibers. 27203709 7 56 theme human 1440:1444 arg1 cells 1473:1477 human umbilical vein endothelial cells 1440:1477 human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) survival in the fibers toward the PL-enriched sections in comparison with the nonloaded MeGG sections of the fibers 1440:1602 These spatial protein gradients led to the viability and cell number gradients caused by maintenance of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) survival in the fibers toward the PL-enriched sections in comparison with the nonloaded MeGG sections of the fibers. 27203709 3 57 theme photo-cross-linkable 666:685 arg1 hydrogels 687:695 novel advanced 3D PL-enriched photo-cross-linkable hydrogels 636:695 novel advanced 3D PL-enriched photo-cross-linkable hydrogels 636:695 The novelty of this work relies on the combination of methacrylated gellan gum (MeGG) with platelet lysate (PL), aiming to generate novel advanced 3D PL-enriched photo-cross-linkable hydrogels and overcoming the lack of adhesion sites provided by the native MeGG hydrogels. 27203709 6 58 theme tools 1224:1228 arg1 use 1204:1206 The use 1200:1206 The use of microfluidic tools 1200:1228 The use of microfluidic tools allowed the design of a fiber-like hydrogel incorporating a gradient of PL along the length of the fiber. 27203709 0 59 theme Hydrogel 76:83 arg1 Fibers 85:90 Hydrogel Fibers 76:90 Hydrogel Fibers 76:90 Engineering Enriched Microenvironments with Gradients of Platelet Lysate in Hydrogel Fibers. 27203709 3 60 theme 3D 651:652 arg1 hydrogels 687:695 novel advanced 3D PL-enriched photo-cross-linkable hydrogels 636:695 novel advanced 3D PL-enriched photo-cross-linkable hydrogels 636:695 The novelty of this work relies on the combination of methacrylated gellan gum (MeGG) with platelet lysate (PL), aiming to generate novel advanced 3D PL-enriched photo-cross-linkable hydrogels and overcoming the lack of adhesion sites provided by the native MeGG hydrogels. 27203709 6 61 theme hydrogel 1265:1272 arg1 design 1242:1247 the design 1238:1247 the design of a fiber-like hydrogel incorporating a gradient of PL along the length of the fiber 1238:1333 The use of microfluidic tools allowed the design of a fiber-like hydrogel incorporating a gradient of PL along the length of the fiber. 27203709 1 62 theme tissue 164:169 arg1 microenvironments 171:187 specific tissue microenvironments 155:187 specific tissue microenvironments 155:187 Gradients of physical and chemical cues are characteristic of specific tissue microenvironments and contribute toward morphogenesis and tissue regeneration upon injury. 27203709 7 63 from survival 1488:1495 arg1 fibers 1504:1509 the fibers 1500:1509 the fibers toward the PL-enriched sections in comparison with the nonloaded MeGG sections of the fibers 1500:1602 These spatial protein gradients led to the viability and cell number gradients caused by maintenance of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) survival in the fibers toward the PL-enriched sections in comparison with the nonloaded MeGG sections of the fibers. 27203709 4 64 theme construct 1048:1056 arg1 kinetics 1021:1028 protein release kinetics 1005:1028 protein release kinetics 1005:1028 This combination takes advantage of the availability, enriched growth factor composition, and potential autologous application of PL while simultaneously preserving the ability provided by MeGG to tailor mechanical properties, protein release kinetics, and shape of the construct according to the desired goal. 27203709 4 64 theme construct 1048:1056 arg1 shape 1035:1039 shape 1035:1039 shape 1035:1039 This combination takes advantage of the availability, enriched growth factor composition, and potential autologous application of PL while simultaneously preserving the ability provided by MeGG to tailor mechanical properties, protein release kinetics, and shape of the construct according to the desired goal. 27203709 4 64 theme construct 1048:1056 arg1 properties 993:1002 mechanical properties 982:1002 mechanical properties 982:1002 This combination takes advantage of the availability, enriched growth factor composition, and potential autologous application of PL while simultaneously preserving the ability provided by MeGG to tailor mechanical properties, protein release kinetics, and shape of the construct according to the desired goal. 27203709 7 65 theme cells 1473:1477 arg1 survival 1488:1495 human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) survival 1440:1495 human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) survival in the fibers toward the PL-enriched sections in comparison with the nonloaded MeGG sections of the fibers 1440:1602 These spatial protein gradients led to the viability and cell number gradients caused by maintenance of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) survival in the fibers toward the PL-enriched sections in comparison with the nonloaded MeGG sections of the fibers. 27203709 4 66 theme availability 818:829 arg1 application 893:903 potential autologous application 872:903 potential autologous application of PL 872:909 This combination takes advantage of the availability, enriched growth factor composition, and potential autologous application of PL while simultaneously preserving the ability provided by MeGG to tailor mechanical properties, protein release kinetics, and shape of the construct according to the desired goal. 27203709 4 66 theme availability 818:829 arg1 advantage 801:809 advantage 801:809 advantage of the availability 801:829 This combination takes advantage of the availability, enriched growth factor composition, and potential autologous application of PL while simultaneously preserving the ability provided by MeGG to tailor mechanical properties, protein release kinetics, and shape of the construct according to the desired goal. 27203709 4 66 theme availability 818:829 arg1 composition 855:865 enriched growth factor composition 832:865 enriched growth factor composition 832:865 This combination takes advantage of the availability, enriched growth factor composition, and potential autologous application of PL while simultaneously preserving the ability provided by MeGG to tailor mechanical properties, protein release kinetics, and shape of the construct according to the desired goal. 27203709 7 67 theme cell 1393:1396 arg1 number 1398:1403 cell number 1393:1403 cell number 1393:1403 These spatial protein gradients led to the viability and cell number gradients caused by maintenance of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) survival in the fibers toward the PL-enriched sections in comparison with the nonloaded MeGG sections of the fibers. 27203709 4 68 theme enriched 832:839 arg1 factor 848:853 enriched growth factor 832:853 enriched growth factor composition 832:865 This combination takes advantage of the availability, enriched growth factor composition, and potential autologous application of PL while simultaneously preserving the ability provided by MeGG to tailor mechanical properties, protein release kinetics, and shape of the construct according to the desired goal. 27203709 0 69 theme Enriched 12:19 arg1 Microenvironments 21:37 Enriched Microenvironments 12:37 Enriched Microenvironments 12:37 Engineering Enriched Microenvironments with Gradients of Platelet Lysate in Hydrogel Fibers. 27203709 7 70 from maintenance 1425:1435 arg1 fibers 1504:1509 the fibers 1500:1509 the fibers toward the PL-enriched sections in comparison with the nonloaded MeGG sections of the fibers 1500:1602 These spatial protein gradients led to the viability and cell number gradients caused by maintenance of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) survival in the fibers toward the PL-enriched sections in comparison with the nonloaded MeGG sections of the fibers. 27203709 1 71 theme physical 106:113 arg1 cues 128:131 physical and chemical cues 106:131 physical and chemical cues 106:131 Gradients of physical and chemical cues are characteristic of specific tissue microenvironments and contribute toward morphogenesis and tissue regeneration upon injury. 27203709 7 72 dep viability 1379:1387 arg1 gradients 1405:1413 gradients 1405:1413 gradients 1405:1413 These spatial protein gradients led to the viability and cell number gradients caused by maintenance of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) survival in the fibers toward the PL-enriched sections in comparison with the nonloaded MeGG sections of the fibers. 27203709 7 72 dep viability 1379:1387 arg1 the 1375:1377 the 1375:1377 the 1375:1377 These spatial protein gradients led to the viability and cell number gradients caused by maintenance of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) survival in the fibers toward the PL-enriched sections in comparison with the nonloaded MeGG sections of the fibers. 27203709 4 73 theme potential 872:880 arg1 application 893:903 potential autologous application 872:903 potential autologous application of PL 872:909 This combination takes advantage of the availability, enriched growth factor composition, and potential autologous application of PL while simultaneously preserving the ability provided by MeGG to tailor mechanical properties, protein release kinetics, and shape of the construct according to the desired goal. 27203709 0 74 theme Lysate 66:71 arg1 Gradients 44:52 Gradients 44:52 Gradients of Platelet Lysate in Hydrogel Fibers 44:90 Engineering Enriched Microenvironments with Gradients of Platelet Lysate in Hydrogel Fibers. 27203709 7 75 theme spatial 1342:1348 arg1 gradients 1358:1366 These spatial protein gradients 1336:1366 These spatial protein gradients 1336:1366 These spatial protein gradients led to the viability and cell number gradients caused by maintenance of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) survival in the fibers toward the PL-enriched sections in comparison with the nonloaded MeGG sections of the fibers. 27203709 4 76 theme desired 1075:1081 arg1 goal 1083:1086 the desired goal 1071:1086 the desired goal 1071:1086 This combination takes advantage of the availability, enriched growth factor composition, and potential autologous application of PL while simultaneously preserving the ability provided by MeGG to tailor mechanical properties, protein release kinetics, and shape of the construct according to the desired goal. 27203709 8 77 theme concept 1639:1645 arg1 strategy 1647:1654 concept strategy 1639:1654 concept strategy 1639:1654 Altogether, we propose a proof of concept strategy to design a PL gradient biomaterial with potential in tissue engineering approaches and analysis of cell-microenvironment interactions. 27203709 3 78 theme sites 733:737 arg1 lack 716:719 the lack 712:719 the lack of adhesion sites provided by the native MeGG hydrogels 712:775 The novelty of this work relies on the combination of methacrylated gellan gum (MeGG) with platelet lysate (PL), aiming to generate novel advanced 3D PL-enriched photo-cross-linkable hydrogels and overcoming the lack of adhesion sites provided by the native MeGG hydrogels. 27203709 3 79 theme gellan 572:577 arg1 MeGG 584:587 MeGG 584:587 MeGG 584:587 The novelty of this work relies on the combination of methacrylated gellan gum (MeGG) with platelet lysate (PL), aiming to generate novel advanced 3D PL-enriched photo-cross-linkable hydrogels and overcoming the lack of adhesion sites provided by the native MeGG hydrogels. 27203709 3 79 theme gellan 572:577 arg1 gum 579:581 methacrylated gellan gum 558:581 methacrylated gellan gum (MeGG) with platelet lysate (PL) 558:614 The novelty of this work relies on the combination of methacrylated gellan gum (MeGG) with platelet lysate (PL), aiming to generate novel advanced 3D PL-enriched photo-cross-linkable hydrogels and overcoming the lack of adhesion sites provided by the native MeGG hydrogels. 27203709 3 80 theme advanced 642:649 arg1 hydrogels 687:695 novel advanced 3D PL-enriched photo-cross-linkable hydrogels 636:695 novel advanced 3D PL-enriched photo-cross-linkable hydrogels 636:695 The novelty of this work relies on the combination of methacrylated gellan gum (MeGG) with platelet lysate (PL), aiming to generate novel advanced 3D PL-enriched photo-cross-linkable hydrogels and overcoming the lack of adhesion sites provided by the native MeGG hydrogels. 27203709 8 81 from potential 1697:1705 arg1 engineering 1717:1727 tissue engineering 1710:1727 tissue engineering 1710:1727 Altogether, we propose a proof of concept strategy to design a PL gradient biomaterial with potential in tissue engineering approaches and analysis of cell-microenvironment interactions. 27203709 4 82 theme factor 848:853 arg1 composition 855:865 enriched growth factor composition 832:865 enriched growth factor composition 832:865 This combination takes advantage of the availability, enriched growth factor composition, and potential autologous application of PL while simultaneously preserving the ability provided by MeGG to tailor mechanical properties, protein release kinetics, and shape of the construct according to the desired goal. 27203709 7 83 theme nonloaded 1566:1574 arg1 sections 1581:1588 the nonloaded MeGG sections 1562:1588 the nonloaded MeGG sections of the fibers 1562:1602 These spatial protein gradients led to the viability and cell number gradients caused by maintenance of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) survival in the fibers toward the PL-enriched sections in comparison with the nonloaded MeGG sections of the fibers. 27203709 3 84 theme native 755:760 arg1 hydrogels 767:775 the native MeGG hydrogels 751:775 the native MeGG hydrogels 751:775 The novelty of this work relies on the combination of methacrylated gellan gum (MeGG) with platelet lysate (PL), aiming to generate novel advanced 3D PL-enriched photo-cross-linkable hydrogels and overcoming the lack of adhesion sites provided by the native MeGG hydrogels. 27203709 2 85 theme cells 432:436 arg1 designs 448:454 cells following designs 432:454 cells following designs specifically tailored for a target application 432:501 Recent advances on microfluidics and hydrogel manipulation raised the possibility of generating biomimetic biomaterials enriched with bioactive factors and encapsulating cells following designs specifically tailored for a target application. 26225549 2 0 theme cell 611:614 arg1 density 624:630 cell seeding density 611:630 cell seeding density 611:630 Building on previous work, the current study investigates DAT milling methods and the effects of DAT particle size and cell seeding density on the response of human ASCs encapsulated in photo-cross-linkable methacrylated chondroitin sulphate (MCS)-DAT composite hydrogels. 26225549 4 1 theme small 1113:1117 arg1 particles 1197:1205 small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles 1113:1205 small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls 1113:1235 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 2 2 from effects 578:584 arg1 response 639:646 the response 635:646 the response of human ASCs encapsulated in photo-cross-linkable methacrylated chondroitin sulphate (MCS)-DAT composite hydrogels 635:762 Building on previous work, the current study investigates DAT milling methods and the effects of DAT particle size and cell seeding density on the response of human ASCs encapsulated in photo-cross-linkable methacrylated chondroitin sulphate (MCS)-DAT composite hydrogels. 26225549 4 3 dep assessed 1068:1075 arg1 enhanced 1297:1304 enhanced 1297:1304 enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold 1297:1422 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 1 4 theme small 452:456 arg1 defects 483:489 small or irregular soft tissue defects 452:489 small or irregular soft tissue defects 452:489 An injectable composite scaffold incorporating decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) as a bioactive matrix within a hydrogel phase capable of in situ polymerization would be advantageous for adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) delivery in the filling of small or irregular soft tissue defects. 26225549 4 5 theme perilipin 1529:1537 arg1 expression 1539:1548 perilipin expression 1529:1548 perilipin expression 1529:1548 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 2 6 theme photo-cross-linkable 678:697 arg1 MCS 735:737 MCS 735:737 MCS 735:737 Building on previous work, the current study investigates DAT milling methods and the effects of DAT particle size and cell seeding density on the response of human ASCs encapsulated in photo-cross-linkable methacrylated chondroitin sulphate (MCS)-DAT composite hydrogels. 26225549 2 6 theme photo-cross-linkable 678:697 arg1 sulphate 725:732 photo-cross-linkable methacrylated chondroitin sulphate 678:732 photo-cross-linkable methacrylated chondroitin sulphate (MCS)-DAT composite hydrogels 678:762 Building on previous work, the current study investigates DAT milling methods and the effects of DAT particle size and cell seeding density on the response of human ASCs encapsulated in photo-cross-linkable methacrylated chondroitin sulphate (MCS)-DAT composite hydrogels. 26225549 2 7 theme size 602:605 arg1 methods 562:568 methods 562:568 methods 562:568 Building on previous work, the current study investigates DAT milling methods and the effects of DAT particle size and cell seeding density on the response of human ASCs encapsulated in photo-cross-linkable methacrylated chondroitin sulphate (MCS)-DAT composite hydrogels. 26225549 2 7 theme size 602:605 arg1 effects 578:584 the effects 574:584 the effects of DAT particle size and cell seeding density on the response of human ASCs encapsulated in photo-cross-linkable methacrylated chondroitin sulphate (MCS)-DAT composite hydrogels 574:762 Building on previous work, the current study investigates DAT milling methods and the effects of DAT particle size and cell seeding density on the response of human ASCs encapsulated in photo-cross-linkable methacrylated chondroitin sulphate (MCS)-DAT composite hydrogels. 26225549 4 8 theme average 1120:1126 arg1 diameter 1128:1135 average diameter 1120:1135 average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm 1120:1148 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 1 9 theme irregular 461:469 arg1 defects 483:489 small or irregular soft tissue defects 452:489 small or irregular soft tissue defects 452:489 An injectable composite scaffold incorporating decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) as a bioactive matrix within a hydrogel phase capable of in situ polymerization would be advantageous for adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) delivery in the filling of small or irregular soft tissue defects. 26225549 4 10 theme accumulation 1596:1607 arg1 activity 1489:1496 glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity 1440:1496 glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity 1440:1496 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 4 10 theme accumulation 1596:1607 arg1 staining 1564:1571 oil red O staining 1554:1571 oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation 1554:1607 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 4 10 theme accumulation 1596:1607 arg1 analysis 1517:1524 semi-quantitative analysis 1499:1524 semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression 1499:1548 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 2 11 theme composite 744:752 arg1 hydrogels 754:762 photo-cross-linkable methacrylated chondroitin sulphate (MCS)-DAT composite hydrogels 678:762 photo-cross-linkable methacrylated chondroitin sulphate (MCS)-DAT composite hydrogels 678:762 Building on previous work, the current study investigates DAT milling methods and the effects of DAT particle size and cell seeding density on the response of human ASCs encapsulated in photo-cross-linkable methacrylated chondroitin sulphate (MCS)-DAT composite hydrogels. 26225549 4 12 theme average 1161:1167 arg1 diameter 1169:1176 average diameter 1161:1176 average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm 1161:1190 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 4 13 theme DAT 1350:1352 arg1 particles 1354:1362 the smaller DAT particles 1338:1362 the smaller DAT particles 1338:1362 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 1 14 theme tissue 476:481 arg1 defects 483:489 small or irregular soft tissue defects 452:489 small or irregular soft tissue defects 452:489 An injectable composite scaffold incorporating decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) as a bioactive matrix within a hydrogel phase capable of in situ polymerization would be advantageous for adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) delivery in the filling of small or irregular soft tissue defects. 26225549 5 15 theme adipose 1863:1869 arg1 engineering 1878:1888 adipose tissue engineering 1863:1888 adipose tissue engineering 1863:1888 Overall, this study demonstrates that decellularized tissue particle size can impact stem cell differentiation through cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, providing relevant insight towards the rational design of composite biomaterial scaffolds for adipose tissue engineering. 26225549 2 16 theme density 624:630 arg1 methods 562:568 methods 562:568 methods 562:568 Building on previous work, the current study investigates DAT milling methods and the effects of DAT particle size and cell seeding density on the response of human ASCs encapsulated in photo-cross-linkable methacrylated chondroitin sulphate (MCS)-DAT composite hydrogels. 26225549 2 16 theme density 624:630 arg1 effects 578:584 the effects 574:584 the effects of DAT particle size and cell seeding density on the response of human ASCs encapsulated in photo-cross-linkable methacrylated chondroitin sulphate (MCS)-DAT composite hydrogels 574:762 Building on previous work, the current study investigates DAT milling methods and the effects of DAT particle size and cell seeding density on the response of human ASCs encapsulated in photo-cross-linkable methacrylated chondroitin sulphate (MCS)-DAT composite hydrogels. 26225549 5 17 theme tissue 1663:1668 arg1 size 1679:1682 decellularized tissue particle size 1648:1682 decellularized tissue particle size 1648:1682 Overall, this study demonstrates that decellularized tissue particle size can impact stem cell differentiation through cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, providing relevant insight towards the rational design of composite biomaterial scaffolds for adipose tissue engineering. 26225549 4 18 theme × 1402:1402 arg1 density 1389:1395 the higher density 1378:1395 the higher density of 5 × 10(5) 1378:1408 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 1 19 theme composite 218:226 arg1 advantageous 376:387 advantageous 376:387 advantageous 376:387 An injectable composite scaffold incorporating decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) as a bioactive matrix within a hydrogel phase capable of in situ polymerization would be advantageous for adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) delivery in the filling of small or irregular soft tissue defects. 26225549 1 19 theme composite 218:226 arg1 scaffold 228:235 An injectable composite scaffold 204:235 An injectable composite scaffold incorporating decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) as a bioactive matrix within a hydrogel phase capable of in situ polymerization 204:365 An injectable composite scaffold incorporating decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) as a bioactive matrix within a hydrogel phase capable of in situ polymerization would be advantageous for adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) delivery in the filling of small or irregular soft tissue defects. 26225549 0 20 theme adipogenic 118:127 arg1 differentiation 129:143 adipogenic differentiation 118:143 adipogenic differentiation 118:143 Effect of decellularized adipose tissue particle size and cell density on adipose-derived stem cell proliferation and adipogenic differentiation in composite methacrylated chondroitin sulphate hydrogels. 26225549 4 21 theme intracellular 1576:1588 arg1 accumulation 1596:1607 intracellular lipid accumulation 1576:1607 intracellular lipid accumulation 1576:1607 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 4 22 theme large 1154:1158 arg1 particles 1197:1205 small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles 1113:1205 small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls 1113:1235 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 4 23 theme higher 1382:1387 arg1 density 1389:1395 the higher density 1378:1395 the higher density of 5 × 10(5) 1378:1408 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 1 24 theme adipose 266:272 arg1 DAT 282:284 DAT 282:284 DAT 282:284 An injectable composite scaffold incorporating decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) as a bioactive matrix within a hydrogel phase capable of in situ polymerization would be advantageous for adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) delivery in the filling of small or irregular soft tissue defects. 26225549 1 24 theme adipose 266:272 arg1 tissue 274:279 decellularized adipose tissue 251:279 decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) as a bioactive matrix 251:307 An injectable composite scaffold incorporating decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) as a bioactive matrix within a hydrogel phase capable of in situ polymerization would be advantageous for adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) delivery in the filling of small or irregular soft tissue defects. 26225549 2 25 theme DAT 589:591 arg1 size 602:605 DAT particle size 589:605 DAT particle size 589:605 Building on previous work, the current study investigates DAT milling methods and the effects of DAT particle size and cell seeding density on the response of human ASCs encapsulated in photo-cross-linkable methacrylated chondroitin sulphate (MCS)-DAT composite hydrogels. 26225549 0 26 theme methacrylated 158:170 arg1 hydrogels 193:201 composite methacrylated chondroitin sulphate hydrogels 148:201 composite methacrylated chondroitin sulphate hydrogels 148:201 Effect of decellularized adipose tissue particle size and cell density on adipose-derived stem cell proliferation and adipogenic differentiation in composite methacrylated chondroitin sulphate hydrogels. 26225549 0 27 from proliferation 100:112 arg1 hydrogels 193:201 composite methacrylated chondroitin sulphate hydrogels 148:201 composite methacrylated chondroitin sulphate hydrogels 148:201 Effect of decellularized adipose tissue particle size and cell density on adipose-derived stem cell proliferation and adipogenic differentiation in composite methacrylated chondroitin sulphate hydrogels. 26225549 2 28 theme chondroitin 713:723 arg1 MCS 735:737 MCS 735:737 MCS 735:737 Building on previous work, the current study investigates DAT milling methods and the effects of DAT particle size and cell seeding density on the response of human ASCs encapsulated in photo-cross-linkable methacrylated chondroitin sulphate (MCS)-DAT composite hydrogels. 26225549 2 28 theme chondroitin 713:723 arg1 sulphate 725:732 photo-cross-linkable methacrylated chondroitin sulphate 678:732 photo-cross-linkable methacrylated chondroitin sulphate (MCS)-DAT composite hydrogels 678:762 Building on previous work, the current study investigates DAT milling methods and the effects of DAT particle size and cell seeding density on the response of human ASCs encapsulated in photo-cross-linkable methacrylated chondroitin sulphate (MCS)-DAT composite hydrogels. 26225549 0 29 theme sulphate 184:191 arg1 hydrogels 193:201 composite methacrylated chondroitin sulphate hydrogels 148:201 composite methacrylated chondroitin sulphate hydrogels 148:201 Effect of decellularized adipose tissue particle size and cell density on adipose-derived stem cell proliferation and adipogenic differentiation in composite methacrylated chondroitin sulphate hydrogels. 26225549 4 30 theme ± 1185:1185 arg1 3 μm 1187:1190 278 ± 3 μm 1181:1190 278 ± 3 μm 1181:1190 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 4 31 theme glycerol-3-phosphate 1440:1459 arg1 activity 1489:1496 glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity 1440:1496 glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity 1440:1496 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 0 32 theme cell 58:61 arg1 density 63:69 cell density 58:69 cell density 58:69 Effect of decellularized adipose tissue particle size and cell density on adipose-derived stem cell proliferation and adipogenic differentiation in composite methacrylated chondroitin sulphate hydrogels. 26225549 1 33 theme polymerization 352:365 arg1 capable 333:339 capable 333:339 capable 333:339 An injectable composite scaffold incorporating decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) as a bioactive matrix within a hydrogel phase capable of in situ polymerization would be advantageous for adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) delivery in the filling of small or irregular soft tissue defects. 26225549 2 34 theme previous 504:511 arg1 work 513:516 previous work 504:516 previous work 504:516 Building on previous work, the current study investigates DAT milling methods and the effects of DAT particle size and cell seeding density on the response of human ASCs encapsulated in photo-cross-linkable methacrylated chondroitin sulphate (MCS)-DAT composite hydrogels. 26225549 0 35 from Effect 0:5 arg1 proliferation 100:112 adipose-derived stem cell proliferation 74:112 adipose-derived stem cell proliferation 74:112 Effect of decellularized adipose tissue particle size and cell density on adipose-derived stem cell proliferation and adipogenic differentiation in composite methacrylated chondroitin sulphate hydrogels. 26225549 0 35 from Effect 0:5 arg1 differentiation 129:143 adipogenic differentiation 118:143 adipogenic differentiation 118:143 Effect of decellularized adipose tissue particle size and cell density on adipose-derived stem cell proliferation and adipogenic differentiation in composite methacrylated chondroitin sulphate hydrogels. 26225549 2 36 theme human 651:655 arg1 ASCs 657:660 human ASCs 651:660 human ASCs encapsulated in photo-cross-linkable methacrylated chondroitin sulphate (MCS)-DAT composite hydrogels 651:762 Building on previous work, the current study investigates DAT milling methods and the effects of DAT particle size and cell seeding density on the response of human ASCs encapsulated in photo-cross-linkable methacrylated chondroitin sulphate (MCS)-DAT composite hydrogels. 26225549 0 37 theme stem 90:93 arg1 proliferation 100:112 adipose-derived stem cell proliferation 74:112 adipose-derived stem cell proliferation 74:112 Effect of decellularized adipose tissue particle size and cell density on adipose-derived stem cell proliferation and adipogenic differentiation in composite methacrylated chondroitin sulphate hydrogels. 26225549 5 38 theme scaffolds 1849:1857 arg1 design 1817:1822 the rational design 1804:1822 the rational design of composite biomaterial scaffolds for adipose tissue engineering 1804:1888 Overall, this study demonstrates that decellularized tissue particle size can impact stem cell differentiation through cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, providing relevant insight towards the rational design of composite biomaterial scaffolds for adipose tissue engineering. 26225549 2 39 theme current 523:529 arg1 study 531:535 the current study 519:535 the current study 519:535 Building on previous work, the current study investigates DAT milling methods and the effects of DAT particle size and cell seeding density on the response of human ASCs encapsulated in photo-cross-linkable methacrylated chondroitin sulphate (MCS)-DAT composite hydrogels. 26225549 4 40 theme up 1254:1255 arg1 period 1244:1249 a period 1242:1249 a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation 1242:1291 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 1 41 theme stem 409:412 arg1 ASC 420:422 ASC 420:422 ASC 420:422 An injectable composite scaffold incorporating decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) as a bioactive matrix within a hydrogel phase capable of in situ polymerization would be advantageous for adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) delivery in the filling of small or irregular soft tissue defects. 26225549 1 41 theme stem 409:412 arg1 cell 414:417 adipose-derived stem cell 393:417 adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) delivery in the filling of small or irregular soft tissue defects 393:489 An injectable composite scaffold incorporating decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) as a bioactive matrix within a hydrogel phase capable of in situ polymerization would be advantageous for adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) delivery in the filling of small or irregular soft tissue defects. 26225549 3 42 theme composite 920:928 arg1 scaffolds 930:938 composite scaffolds 920:938 composite scaffolds 920:938 DAT particles were generated by milling lyophilized DAT and the particle size was controlled through the processing conditions with the goal of developing composite scaffolds with a tissue-specific 3D microenvironment tuned to enhance adipogenesis. 26225549 4 43 theme in 1086:1087 arg1 scaffolds 1089:1097 vitro in scaffolds 1080:1097 vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation 1080:1291 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 4 44 theme MCS 1224:1226 arg1 controls 1228:1235 MCS controls 1224:1235 MCS controls 1224:1235 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 1 45 link adipose-derived 393:407 arg1 ASC 420:422 ASC 420:422 ASC 420:422 An injectable composite scaffold incorporating decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) as a bioactive matrix within a hydrogel phase capable of in situ polymerization would be advantageous for adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) delivery in the filling of small or irregular soft tissue defects. 26225549 1 45 link adipose-derived 393:407 arg1 cell 414:417 adipose-derived stem cell 393:417 adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) delivery in the filling of small or irregular soft tissue defects 393:489 An injectable composite scaffold incorporating decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) as a bioactive matrix within a hydrogel phase capable of in situ polymerization would be advantageous for adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) delivery in the filling of small or irregular soft tissue defects. 26225549 4 46 theme semi-quantitative 1499:1515 arg1 analysis 1517:1524 semi-quantitative analysis 1499:1524 semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression 1499:1548 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 0 47 theme decellularized 10:23 arg1 tissue 33:38 decellularized adipose tissue 10:38 decellularized adipose tissue particle size 10:52 Effect of decellularized adipose tissue particle size and cell density on adipose-derived stem cell proliferation and adipogenic differentiation in composite methacrylated chondroitin sulphate hydrogels. 26225549 1 48 theme hydrogel 318:325 arg1 phase 327:331 a hydrogel phase 316:331 a hydrogel phase capable of in situ polymerization 316:365 An injectable composite scaffold incorporating decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) as a bioactive matrix within a hydrogel phase capable of in situ polymerization would be advantageous for adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) delivery in the filling of small or irregular soft tissue defects. 26225549 3 49 theme tissue-specific 947:961 arg1 microenvironment 966:981 a tissue-specific 3D microenvironment 945:981 a tissue-specific 3D microenvironment tuned to enhance adipogenesis 945:1011 DAT particles were generated by milling lyophilized DAT and the particle size was controlled through the processing conditions with the goal of developing composite scaffolds with a tissue-specific 3D microenvironment tuned to enhance adipogenesis. 26225549 5 50 theme stem 1695:1698 arg1 differentiation 1705:1719 stem cell differentiation 1695:1719 stem cell differentiation 1695:1719 Overall, this study demonstrates that decellularized tissue particle size can impact stem cell differentiation through cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, providing relevant insight towards the rational design of composite biomaterial scaffolds for adipose tissue engineering. 26225549 0 51 theme tissue 33:38 arg1 size 49:52 decellularized adipose tissue particle size 10:52 decellularized adipose tissue particle size 10:52 Effect of decellularized adipose tissue particle size and cell density on adipose-derived stem cell proliferation and adipogenic differentiation in composite methacrylated chondroitin sulphate hydrogels. 26225549 1 52 theme capable 333:339 arg1 phase 327:331 a hydrogel phase 316:331 a hydrogel phase capable of in situ polymerization 316:365 An injectable composite scaffold incorporating decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) as a bioactive matrix within a hydrogel phase capable of in situ polymerization would be advantageous for adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) delivery in the filling of small or irregular soft tissue defects. 26225549 0 53 link adipose-derived 74:88 arg1 proliferation 100:112 adipose-derived stem cell proliferation 74:112 adipose-derived stem cell proliferation 74:112 Effect of decellularized adipose tissue particle size and cell density on adipose-derived stem cell proliferation and adipogenic differentiation in composite methacrylated chondroitin sulphate hydrogels. 26225549 4 54 theme oil 1554:1556 arg1 staining 1564:1571 oil red O staining 1554:1571 oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation 1554:1607 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 0 55 theme size 49:52 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of decellularized adipose tissue particle size and cell density on adipose-derived stem cell proliferation and adipogenic differentiation in composite methacrylated chondroitin sulphate hydrogels. 0:202 Effect of decellularized adipose tissue particle size and cell density on adipose-derived stem cell proliferation and adipogenic differentiation in composite methacrylated chondroitin sulphate hydrogels. 26225549 1 56 theme in 344:345 arg1 polymerization 352:365 in situ polymerization 344:365 in situ polymerization 344:365 An injectable composite scaffold incorporating decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) as a bioactive matrix within a hydrogel phase capable of in situ polymerization would be advantageous for adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) delivery in the filling of small or irregular soft tissue defects. 26225549 4 57 from particles 1197:1205 arg1 comparison 1210:1219 comparison 1210:1219 comparison to MCS controls 1210:1235 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 4 58 theme 21 d. 1260:1264 arg1 differentiation 1277:1291 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation 1260:1291 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation 1260:1291 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 4 59 theme O 1562:1562 arg1 staining 1564:1571 oil red O staining 1554:1571 oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation 1554:1607 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 2 60 theme -DAT 739:742 arg1 hydrogels 754:762 photo-cross-linkable methacrylated chondroitin sulphate (MCS)-DAT composite hydrogels 678:762 photo-cross-linkable methacrylated chondroitin sulphate (MCS)-DAT composite hydrogels 678:762 Building on previous work, the current study investigates DAT milling methods and the effects of DAT particle size and cell seeding density on the response of human ASCs encapsulated in photo-cross-linkable methacrylated chondroitin sulphate (MCS)-DAT composite hydrogels. 26225549 4 61 theme 6 μm 1145:1148 arg1 diameter 1128:1135 average diameter 1120:1135 average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm 1120:1148 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 5 62 theme cell 1700:1703 arg1 differentiation 1705:1719 stem cell differentiation 1695:1719 stem cell differentiation 1695:1719 Overall, this study demonstrates that decellularized tissue particle size can impact stem cell differentiation through cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, providing relevant insight towards the rational design of composite biomaterial scaffolds for adipose tissue engineering. 26225549 5 63 theme cell-matrix 1743:1753 arg1 interactions 1755:1766 cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions 1729:1766 cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions 1729:1766 Overall, this study demonstrates that decellularized tissue particle size can impact stem cell differentiation through cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, providing relevant insight towards the rational design of composite biomaterial scaffolds for adipose tissue engineering. 26225549 2 64 from methods 562:568 arg1 response 639:646 the response 635:646 the response of human ASCs encapsulated in photo-cross-linkable methacrylated chondroitin sulphate (MCS)-DAT composite hydrogels 635:762 Building on previous work, the current study investigates DAT milling methods and the effects of DAT particle size and cell seeding density on the response of human ASCs encapsulated in photo-cross-linkable methacrylated chondroitin sulphate (MCS)-DAT composite hydrogels. 26225549 4 65 theme adipogenic 1036:1045 arg1 differentiation 1047:1061 adipogenic differentiation 1036:1061 adipogenic differentiation 1036:1061 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 4 66 theme expression 1539:1548 arg1 activity 1489:1496 glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity 1440:1496 glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity 1440:1496 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 4 66 theme expression 1539:1548 arg1 staining 1564:1571 oil red O staining 1554:1571 oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation 1554:1607 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 4 66 theme expression 1539:1548 arg1 analysis 1517:1524 semi-quantitative analysis 1499:1524 semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression 1499:1548 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 5 67 theme biomaterial 1837:1847 arg1 scaffolds 1849:1857 composite biomaterial scaffolds 1827:1857 composite biomaterial scaffolds for adipose tissue engineering 1827:1888 Overall, this study demonstrates that decellularized tissue particle size can impact stem cell differentiation through cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, providing relevant insight towards the rational design of composite biomaterial scaffolds for adipose tissue engineering. 26225549 1 68 theme bioactive 292:300 arg1 matrix 302:307 a bioactive matrix 290:307 a bioactive matrix 290:307 An injectable composite scaffold incorporating decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) as a bioactive matrix within a hydrogel phase capable of in situ polymerization would be advantageous for adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) delivery in the filling of small or irregular soft tissue defects. 26225549 2 69 theme particle 593:600 arg1 size 602:605 DAT particle size 589:605 DAT particle size 589:605 Building on previous work, the current study investigates DAT milling methods and the effects of DAT particle size and cell seeding density on the response of human ASCs encapsulated in photo-cross-linkable methacrylated chondroitin sulphate (MCS)-DAT composite hydrogels. 26225549 5 70 theme relevant 1779:1786 arg1 insight 1788:1794 relevant insight 1779:1794 relevant insight 1779:1794 Overall, this study demonstrates that decellularized tissue particle size can impact stem cell differentiation through cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, providing relevant insight towards the rational design of composite biomaterial scaffolds for adipose tissue engineering. 26225549 1 71 theme soft 471:474 arg1 defects 483:489 small or irregular soft tissue defects 452:489 small or irregular soft tissue defects 452:489 An injectable composite scaffold incorporating decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) as a bioactive matrix within a hydrogel phase capable of in situ polymerization would be advantageous for adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) delivery in the filling of small or irregular soft tissue defects. 26225549 4 72 theme 278 1181:1183 arg1 3 μm 1187:1190 278 ± 3 μm 1181:1190 278 ± 3 μm 1181:1190 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 5 73 theme decellularized 1648:1661 arg1 size 1679:1682 decellularized tissue particle size 1648:1682 decellularized tissue particle size 1648:1682 Overall, this study demonstrates that decellularized tissue particle size can impact stem cell differentiation through cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, providing relevant insight towards the rational design of composite biomaterial scaffolds for adipose tissue engineering. 26225549 4 74 theme smaller 1342:1348 arg1 particles 1354:1362 the smaller DAT particles 1338:1362 the smaller DAT particles 1338:1362 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 1 75 theme defects 483:489 arg1 filling 441:447 the filling 437:447 the filling of small or irregular soft tissue defects 437:489 An injectable composite scaffold incorporating decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) as a bioactive matrix within a hydrogel phase capable of in situ polymerization would be advantageous for adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) delivery in the filling of small or irregular soft tissue defects. 26225549 5 76 theme rational 1808:1815 arg1 design 1817:1822 the rational design 1804:1822 the rational design of composite biomaterial scaffolds for adipose tissue engineering 1804:1888 Overall, this study demonstrates that decellularized tissue particle size can impact stem cell differentiation through cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, providing relevant insight towards the rational design of composite biomaterial scaffolds for adipose tissue engineering. 26225549 1 77 theme injectable 207:216 arg1 advantageous 376:387 advantageous 376:387 advantageous 376:387 An injectable composite scaffold incorporating decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) as a bioactive matrix within a hydrogel phase capable of in situ polymerization would be advantageous for adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) delivery in the filling of small or irregular soft tissue defects. 26225549 1 77 theme injectable 207:216 arg1 scaffold 228:235 An injectable composite scaffold 204:235 An injectable composite scaffold incorporating decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) as a bioactive matrix within a hydrogel phase capable of in situ polymerization 204:365 An injectable composite scaffold incorporating decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) as a bioactive matrix within a hydrogel phase capable of in situ polymerization would be advantageous for adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) delivery in the filling of small or irregular soft tissue defects. 26225549 2 78 theme seeding 616:622 arg1 density 624:630 cell seeding density 611:630 cell seeding density 611:630 Building on previous work, the current study investigates DAT milling methods and the effects of DAT particle size and cell seeding density on the response of human ASCs encapsulated in photo-cross-linkable methacrylated chondroitin sulphate (MCS)-DAT composite hydrogels. 26225549 5 79 theme particle 1670:1677 arg1 size 1679:1682 decellularized tissue particle size 1648:1682 decellularized tissue particle size 1648:1682 Overall, this study demonstrates that decellularized tissue particle size can impact stem cell differentiation through cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, providing relevant insight towards the rational design of composite biomaterial scaffolds for adipose tissue engineering. 26225549 4 80 theme lipid 1590:1594 arg1 accumulation 1596:1607 intracellular lipid accumulation 1576:1607 intracellular lipid accumulation 1576:1607 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 3 81 theme DAT 765:767 arg1 particles 769:777 DAT particles 765:777 DAT particles 765:777 DAT particles were generated by milling lyophilized DAT and the particle size was controlled through the processing conditions with the goal of developing composite scaffolds with a tissue-specific 3D microenvironment tuned to enhance adipogenesis. 26225549 0 82 theme composite 148:156 arg1 hydrogels 193:201 composite methacrylated chondroitin sulphate hydrogels 148:201 composite methacrylated chondroitin sulphate hydrogels 148:201 Effect of decellularized adipose tissue particle size and cell density on adipose-derived stem cell proliferation and adipogenic differentiation in composite methacrylated chondroitin sulphate hydrogels. 26225549 1 83 theme decellularized 251:264 arg1 DAT 282:284 DAT 282:284 DAT 282:284 An injectable composite scaffold incorporating decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) as a bioactive matrix within a hydrogel phase capable of in situ polymerization would be advantageous for adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) delivery in the filling of small or irregular soft tissue defects. 26225549 1 83 theme decellularized 251:264 arg1 tissue 274:279 decellularized adipose tissue 251:279 decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) as a bioactive matrix 251:307 An injectable composite scaffold incorporating decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) as a bioactive matrix within a hydrogel phase capable of in situ polymerization would be advantageous for adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) delivery in the filling of small or irregular soft tissue defects. 26225549 3 84 theme lyophilized 805:815 arg1 DAT 817:819 lyophilized DAT 805:819 lyophilized DAT 805:819 DAT particles were generated by milling lyophilized DAT and the particle size was controlled through the processing conditions with the goal of developing composite scaffolds with a tissue-specific 3D microenvironment tuned to enhance adipogenesis. 26225549 0 85 theme chondroitin 172:182 arg1 hydrogels 193:201 composite methacrylated chondroitin sulphate hydrogels 148:201 composite methacrylated chondroitin sulphate hydrogels 148:201 Effect of decellularized adipose tissue particle size and cell density on adipose-derived stem cell proliferation and adipogenic differentiation in composite methacrylated chondroitin sulphate hydrogels. 26225549 2 86 theme sulphate 725:732 arg1 hydrogels 754:762 photo-cross-linkable methacrylated chondroitin sulphate (MCS)-DAT composite hydrogels 678:762 photo-cross-linkable methacrylated chondroitin sulphate (MCS)-DAT composite hydrogels 678:762 Building on previous work, the current study investigates DAT milling methods and the effects of DAT particle size and cell seeding density on the response of human ASCs encapsulated in photo-cross-linkable methacrylated chondroitin sulphate (MCS)-DAT composite hydrogels. 26225549 5 87 theme tissue 1871:1876 arg1 engineering 1878:1888 adipose tissue engineering 1863:1888 adipose tissue engineering 1863:1888 Overall, this study demonstrates that decellularized tissue particle size can impact stem cell differentiation through cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, providing relevant insight towards the rational design of composite biomaterial scaffolds for adipose tissue engineering. 26225549 4 88 theme 3 μm 1187:1190 arg1 diameter 1169:1176 average diameter 1161:1176 average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm 1161:1190 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 3 89 theme particle 829:836 arg1 size 838:841 the particle size 825:841 the particle size 825:841 DAT particles were generated by milling lyophilized DAT and the particle size was controlled through the processing conditions with the goal of developing composite scaffolds with a tissue-specific 3D microenvironment tuned to enhance adipogenesis. 26225549 0 90 theme density 63:69 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of decellularized adipose tissue particle size and cell density on adipose-derived stem cell proliferation and adipogenic differentiation in composite methacrylated chondroitin sulphate hydrogels. 0:202 Effect of decellularized adipose tissue particle size and cell density on adipose-derived stem cell proliferation and adipogenic differentiation in composite methacrylated chondroitin sulphate hydrogels. 26225549 3 91 theme processing 870:879 arg1 conditions 881:890 the processing conditions 866:890 the processing conditions with the goal of developing composite scaffolds with a tissue-specific 3D microenvironment tuned to enhance adipogenesis 866:1011 DAT particles were generated by milling lyophilized DAT and the particle size was controlled through the processing conditions with the goal of developing composite scaffolds with a tissue-specific 3D microenvironment tuned to enhance adipogenesis. 26225549 4 92 theme ASC 1014:1016 arg1 proliferation 1018:1030 ASC proliferation 1014:1030 ASC proliferation 1014:1030 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 5 93 theme cell-cell 1729:1737 arg1 interactions 1755:1766 cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions 1729:1766 cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions 1729:1766 Overall, this study demonstrates that decellularized tissue particle size can impact stem cell differentiation through cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, providing relevant insight towards the rational design of composite biomaterial scaffolds for adipose tissue engineering. 26225549 4 94 theme DAT 1193:1195 arg1 particles 1197:1205 small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles 1113:1205 small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls 1113:1235 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 1 95 from delivery 425:432 arg1 filling 441:447 the filling 437:447 the filling of small or irregular soft tissue defects 437:489 An injectable composite scaffold incorporating decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) as a bioactive matrix within a hydrogel phase capable of in situ polymerization would be advantageous for adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) delivery in the filling of small or irregular soft tissue defects. 26225549 0 96 theme adipose-derived 74:88 arg1 proliferation 100:112 adipose-derived stem cell proliferation 74:112 adipose-derived stem cell proliferation 74:112 Effect of decellularized adipose tissue particle size and cell density on adipose-derived stem cell proliferation and adipogenic differentiation in composite methacrylated chondroitin sulphate hydrogels. 26225549 4 97 dep composites 1313:1322 arg1 incorporating 1324:1336 incorporating 1324:1336 incorporating the smaller DAT particles 1324:1362 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 4 97 dep composites 1313:1322 arg1 seeded 1368:1373 seeded 1368:1373 seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) 1368:1408 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 2 98 theme ASCs 657:660 arg1 response 639:646 the response 635:646 the response of human ASCs encapsulated in photo-cross-linkable methacrylated chondroitin sulphate (MCS)-DAT composite hydrogels 635:762 Building on previous work, the current study investigates DAT milling methods and the effects of DAT particle size and cell seeding density on the response of human ASCs encapsulated in photo-cross-linkable methacrylated chondroitin sulphate (MCS)-DAT composite hydrogels. 26225549 0 99 theme cell 95:98 arg1 proliferation 100:112 adipose-derived stem cell proliferation 74:112 adipose-derived stem cell proliferation 74:112 Effect of decellularized adipose tissue particle size and cell density on adipose-derived stem cell proliferation and adipogenic differentiation in composite methacrylated chondroitin sulphate hydrogels. 26225549 5 100 theme composite 1827:1835 arg1 scaffolds 1849:1857 composite biomaterial scaffolds 1827:1857 composite biomaterial scaffolds for adipose tissue engineering 1827:1888 Overall, this study demonstrates that decellularized tissue particle size can impact stem cell differentiation through cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, providing relevant insight towards the rational design of composite biomaterial scaffolds for adipose tissue engineering. 26225549 1 101 dep in 344:345 arg1 situ 347:350 situ 347:350 situ 347:350 An injectable composite scaffold incorporating decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) as a bioactive matrix within a hydrogel phase capable of in situ polymerization would be advantageous for adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) delivery in the filling of small or irregular soft tissue defects. 26225549 1 102 theme adipose-derived 393:407 arg1 ASC 420:422 ASC 420:422 ASC 420:422 An injectable composite scaffold incorporating decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) as a bioactive matrix within a hydrogel phase capable of in situ polymerization would be advantageous for adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) delivery in the filling of small or irregular soft tissue defects. 26225549 1 102 theme adipose-derived 393:407 arg1 cell 414:417 adipose-derived stem cell 393:417 adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) delivery in the filling of small or irregular soft tissue defects 393:489 An injectable composite scaffold incorporating decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) as a bioactive matrix within a hydrogel phase capable of in situ polymerization would be advantageous for adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) delivery in the filling of small or irregular soft tissue defects. 26225549 4 103 dep small 1113:1117 arg1 diameter 1169:1176 average diameter 1161:1176 average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm 1161:1190 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 4 103 dep small 1113:1117 arg1 diameter 1128:1135 average diameter 1120:1135 average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm 1120:1148 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 2 104 theme methacrylated 699:711 arg1 MCS 735:737 MCS 735:737 MCS 735:737 Building on previous work, the current study investigates DAT milling methods and the effects of DAT particle size and cell seeding density on the response of human ASCs encapsulated in photo-cross-linkable methacrylated chondroitin sulphate (MCS)-DAT composite hydrogels. 26225549 2 104 theme methacrylated 699:711 arg1 sulphate 725:732 photo-cross-linkable methacrylated chondroitin sulphate 678:732 photo-cross-linkable methacrylated chondroitin sulphate (MCS)-DAT composite hydrogels 678:762 Building on previous work, the current study investigates DAT milling methods and the effects of DAT particle size and cell seeding density on the response of human ASCs encapsulated in photo-cross-linkable methacrylated chondroitin sulphate (MCS)-DAT composite hydrogels. 26225549 4 105 theme enzyme 1482:1487 arg1 activity 1489:1496 glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity 1440:1496 glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity 1440:1496 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 1 106 theme cell 414:417 arg1 delivery 425:432 adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) delivery 393:432 adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) delivery in the filling of small or irregular soft tissue defects 393:489 An injectable composite scaffold incorporating decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) as a bioactive matrix within a hydrogel phase capable of in situ polymerization would be advantageous for adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) delivery in the filling of small or irregular soft tissue defects. 26225549 4 107 theme vitro 1080:1084 arg1 scaffolds 1089:1097 vitro in scaffolds 1080:1097 vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation 1080:1291 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 0 108 theme adipose 25:31 arg1 tissue 33:38 decellularized adipose tissue 10:38 decellularized adipose tissue particle size 10:52 Effect of decellularized adipose tissue particle size and cell density on adipose-derived stem cell proliferation and adipogenic differentiation in composite methacrylated chondroitin sulphate hydrogels. 26225549 4 109 theme dehydrogenase 1461:1473 arg1 activity 1489:1496 glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity 1440:1496 glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity 1440:1496 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 0 110 theme particle 40:47 arg1 size 49:52 decellularized adipose tissue particle size 10:52 decellularized adipose tissue particle size 10:52 Effect of decellularized adipose tissue particle size and cell density on adipose-derived stem cell proliferation and adipogenic differentiation in composite methacrylated chondroitin sulphate hydrogels. 26225549 3 111 theme 3D 963:964 arg1 microenvironment 966:981 a tissue-specific 3D microenvironment 945:981 a tissue-specific 3D microenvironment tuned to enhance adipogenesis 945:1011 DAT particles were generated by milling lyophilized DAT and the particle size was controlled through the processing conditions with the goal of developing composite scaffolds with a tissue-specific 3D microenvironment tuned to enhance adipogenesis. 26225549 4 112 theme GPDH 1476:1479 arg1 activity 1489:1496 glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity 1440:1496 glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity 1440:1496 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 3 113 with conditions 881:890 arg1 goal 901:904 the goal 897:904 the goal of developing composite scaffolds with a tissue-specific 3D microenvironment tuned to enhance adipogenesis 897:1011 DAT particles were generated by milling lyophilized DAT and the particle size was controlled through the processing conditions with the goal of developing composite scaffolds with a tissue-specific 3D microenvironment tuned to enhance adipogenesis. 26225549 4 114 theme Adipogenic 1266:1275 arg1 differentiation 1277:1291 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation 1260:1291 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation 1260:1291 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 4 115 theme red 1558:1560 arg1 staining 1564:1571 oil red O staining 1554:1571 oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation 1554:1607 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 4 116 theme ± 1143:1143 arg1 6 μm 1145:1148 38 ± 6 μm 1140:1148 38 ± 6 μm 1140:1148 ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation were assessed in vitro in scaffolds incorporating small (average diameter of 38 ± 6 μm) or large (average diameter of 278 ± 3 μm) DAT particles in comparison to MCS controls over a period of up to 21 d. Adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in the composites incorporating the smaller DAT particles and seeded at the higher density of 5 × 10(5) ASCs/scaffold, as measured by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, semi-quantitative analysis of perilipin expression and oil red O staining of intracellular lipid accumulation. 26225549 0 117 from differentiation 129:143 arg1 hydrogels 193:201 composite methacrylated chondroitin sulphate hydrogels 148:201 composite methacrylated chondroitin sulphate hydrogels 148:201 Effect of decellularized adipose tissue particle size and cell density on adipose-derived stem cell proliferation and adipogenic differentiation in composite methacrylated chondroitin sulphate hydrogels. 28601771 1 0 from 50-500MPa 237:245 arg1 pressures 224:232 the pressures 220:232 the pressures at 50-500MPa 220:245 In this study, the pressures at 50-500MPa were evaluated at different time to pretreat and further enzyme hydrolysis. 28601771 4 1 theme hydrolysis 660:669 arg1 efficiency 671:680 The enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency 646:680 The enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency 646:680 The enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency was increased by 180.3% and released a high amount of xylobiose. 28601771 1 2 theme different 265:273 arg1 time 275:278 different time 265:278 different time to pretreat and further enzyme hydrolysis 265:320 In this study, the pressures at 50-500MPa were evaluated at different time to pretreat and further enzyme hydrolysis. 28601771 6 3 theme untreated 941:949 arg1 corncob 951:957 untreated corncob 941:957 untreated corncob 941:957 Interestingly, antioxidant activities of XOS using UHP pretreatment were higher than untreated corncob. 28601771 7 4 theme chemical-free 1157:1169 arg1 process 1171:1177 a chemical-free process 1155:1177 a chemical-free process 1155:1177 The UHP pretreatment improved lignocellulosic destructuration and XOS yields in a shorter time without the need of chemicals, implying that UHP could be an effective pretreatment of biomass with a chemical-free process. 28601771 7 5 theme chemicals 1075:1083 arg1 need 1067:1070 the need 1063:1070 the need of chemicals 1063:1083 The UHP pretreatment improved lignocellulosic destructuration and XOS yields in a shorter time without the need of chemicals, implying that UHP could be an effective pretreatment of biomass with a chemical-free process. 28601771 4 6 theme high 721:724 arg1 amount 726:731 a high amount 719:731 a high amount of xylobiose 719:744 The enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency was increased by 180.3% and released a high amount of xylobiose. 28601771 4 6 theme high 721:724 arg1 xylobiose 736:744 xylobiose 736:744 xylobiose 736:744 The enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency was increased by 180.3% and released a high amount of xylobiose. 28601771 5 7 theme corncob 816:822 arg1 composition 801:811 the composition 797:811 the composition of corncob 797:822 The UHP pretreatment relatively did not affect to the composition of corncob, but decreased 34.3% of lignin. 28601771 7 8 theme biomass 1142:1148 arg1 pretreatment 1126:1137 an effective pretreatment 1113:1137 an effective pretreatment of biomass with a chemical-free process 1113:1177 The UHP pretreatment improved lignocellulosic destructuration and XOS yields in a shorter time without the need of chemicals, implying that UHP could be an effective pretreatment of biomass with a chemical-free process. 28601771 7 8 theme biomass 1142:1148 arg1 UHP 1100:1102 UHP 1100:1102 UHP 1100:1102 The UHP pretreatment improved lignocellulosic destructuration and XOS yields in a shorter time without the need of chemicals, implying that UHP could be an effective pretreatment of biomass with a chemical-free process. 28601771 7 9 theme effective 1116:1124 arg1 pretreatment 1126:1137 an effective pretreatment 1113:1137 an effective pretreatment of biomass with a chemical-free process 1113:1177 The UHP pretreatment improved lignocellulosic destructuration and XOS yields in a shorter time without the need of chemicals, implying that UHP could be an effective pretreatment of biomass with a chemical-free process. 28601771 7 9 theme effective 1116:1124 arg1 UHP 1100:1102 UHP 1100:1102 UHP 1100:1102 The UHP pretreatment improved lignocellulosic destructuration and XOS yields in a shorter time without the need of chemicals, implying that UHP could be an effective pretreatment of biomass with a chemical-free process. 28601771 4 10 theme xylobiose 736:744 arg1 amount 726:731 a high amount 719:731 a high amount of xylobiose 719:744 The enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency was increased by 180.3% and released a high amount of xylobiose. 28601771 4 10 theme xylobiose 736:744 arg1 xylobiose 736:744 xylobiose 736:744 xylobiose 736:744 The enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency was increased by 180.3% and released a high amount of xylobiose. 28601771 2 11 theme improved 393:400 arg1 accessibility 402:414 improved accessibility 393:414 improved accessibility of enzyme for conversion of xylan to xylooligosaccharide (XOS) 393:477 The ultra-high pressure (UHP) pretreatment at 100MPa for 10min led to improved accessibility of enzyme for conversion of xylan to xylooligosaccharide (XOS). 28601771 0 12 theme yields 109:114 arg1 Enhancement 90:100 Enhancement 90:100 Green and chemical-free process of enzymatic xylooligosaccharide production from corncob: Enhancement of the yields using a strategy of lignocellulosic destructuration by ultra-high pressure pretreatment. 0:203 Green and chemical-free process of enzymatic xylooligosaccharide production from corncob: Enhancement of the yields using a strategy of lignocellulosic destructuration by ultra-high pressure pretreatment. 28601771 5 13 theme lignin 848:853 arg1 lignin 848:853 lignin 848:853 lignin 848:853 The UHP pretreatment relatively did not affect to the composition of corncob, but decreased 34.3% of lignin. 28601771 5 13 theme lignin 848:853 arg1 % 843:843 34.3% 839:843 34.3% of lignin 839:853 The UHP pretreatment relatively did not affect to the composition of corncob, but decreased 34.3% of lignin. 28601771 6 14 theme UHP 907:909 arg1 pretreatment 911:922 UHP pretreatment 907:922 UHP pretreatment 907:922 Interestingly, antioxidant activities of XOS using UHP pretreatment were higher than untreated corncob. 28601771 2 15 theme ultra-high 327:336 arg1 pretreatment 353:364 The ultra-high pressure (UHP) pretreatment 323:364 The ultra-high pressure (UHP) pretreatment at 100MPa for 10min 323:384 The ultra-high pressure (UHP) pretreatment at 100MPa for 10min led to improved accessibility of enzyme for conversion of xylan to xylooligosaccharide (XOS). 28601771 7 16 theme XOS 1026:1028 arg1 yields 1030:1035 XOS yields 1026:1035 XOS yields 1026:1035 The UHP pretreatment improved lignocellulosic destructuration and XOS yields in a shorter time without the need of chemicals, implying that UHP could be an effective pretreatment of biomass with a chemical-free process. 28601771 2 17 theme xylan 444:448 arg1 conversion 430:439 conversion 430:439 conversion of xylan to xylooligosaccharide (XOS) 430:477 The ultra-high pressure (UHP) pretreatment at 100MPa for 10min led to improved accessibility of enzyme for conversion of xylan to xylooligosaccharide (XOS). 28601771 2 18 from 100MPa 369:374 arg1 pretreatment 353:364 The ultra-high pressure (UHP) pretreatment 323:364 The ultra-high pressure (UHP) pretreatment at 100MPa for 10min 323:384 The ultra-high pressure (UHP) pretreatment at 100MPa for 10min led to improved accessibility of enzyme for conversion of xylan to xylooligosaccharide (XOS). 28601771 7 19 with pretreatment 1126:1137 arg1 process 1171:1177 a chemical-free process 1155:1177 a chemical-free process 1155:1177 The UHP pretreatment improved lignocellulosic destructuration and XOS yields in a shorter time without the need of chemicals, implying that UHP could be an effective pretreatment of biomass with a chemical-free process. 28601771 0 20 theme chemical-free 10:22 arg1 process 24:30 chemical-free process 10:30 chemical-free process 10:30 Green and chemical-free process of enzymatic xylooligosaccharide production from corncob: Enhancement of the yields using a strategy of lignocellulosic destructuration by ultra-high pressure pretreatment. 28601771 1 21 theme further 296:302 arg1 hydrolysis 311:320 further enzyme hydrolysis 296:320 further enzyme hydrolysis 296:320 In this study, the pressures at 50-500MPa were evaluated at different time to pretreat and further enzyme hydrolysis. 28601771 7 22 theme shorter 1042:1048 arg1 time 1050:1053 a shorter time 1040:1053 a shorter time without the need of chemicals 1040:1083 The UHP pretreatment improved lignocellulosic destructuration and XOS yields in a shorter time without the need of chemicals, implying that UHP could be an effective pretreatment of biomass with a chemical-free process. 28601771 3 23 theme XOS 492:494 arg1 yield 496:500 The maximum XOS yield 480:500 The maximum XOS yield of 35.6mg/g substrate 480:522 The maximum XOS yield of 35.6mg/g substrate was achieved and firstly reported at 10% (w/v) of substrate, 100U of endo-xylanase/g corncobs and incubation time of 18h. 28601771 3 24 theme endo-xylanase/g 593:607 arg1 corncobs 609:616 endo-xylanase/g corncobs 593:616 endo-xylanase/g corncobs 593:616 The maximum XOS yield of 35.6mg/g substrate was achieved and firstly reported at 10% (w/v) of substrate, 100U of endo-xylanase/g corncobs and incubation time of 18h. 28601771 2 25 theme enzyme 419:424 arg1 accessibility 402:414 improved accessibility 393:414 improved accessibility of enzyme for conversion of xylan to xylooligosaccharide (XOS) 393:477 The ultra-high pressure (UHP) pretreatment at 100MPa for 10min led to improved accessibility of enzyme for conversion of xylan to xylooligosaccharide (XOS). 28601771 0 26 theme enzymatic 35:43 arg1 production 65:74 enzymatic xylooligosaccharide production 35:74 enzymatic xylooligosaccharide production 35:74 Green and chemical-free process of enzymatic xylooligosaccharide production from corncob: Enhancement of the yields using a strategy of lignocellulosic destructuration by ultra-high pressure pretreatment. 28601771 1 27 theme enzyme 304:309 arg1 hydrolysis 311:320 further enzyme hydrolysis 296:320 further enzyme hydrolysis 296:320 In this study, the pressures at 50-500MPa were evaluated at different time to pretreat and further enzyme hydrolysis. 28601771 0 28 theme lignocellulosic 136:150 arg1 destructuration 152:166 lignocellulosic destructuration 136:166 lignocellulosic destructuration 136:166 Green and chemical-free process of enzymatic xylooligosaccharide production from corncob: Enhancement of the yields using a strategy of lignocellulosic destructuration by ultra-high pressure pretreatment. 28601771 3 29 theme incubation 622:631 arg1 time 633:636 incubation time 622:636 incubation time of 18h 622:643 The maximum XOS yield of 35.6mg/g substrate was achieved and firstly reported at 10% (w/v) of substrate, 100U of endo-xylanase/g corncobs and incubation time of 18h. 28601771 4 30 theme enzymatic 650:658 arg1 efficiency 671:680 The enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency 646:680 The enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency 646:680 The enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency was increased by 180.3% and released a high amount of xylobiose. 28601771 0 31 from corncob 81:87 arg1 Green 0:4 Green 0:4 Green 0:4 Green and chemical-free process of enzymatic xylooligosaccharide production from corncob: Enhancement of the yields using a strategy of lignocellulosic destructuration by ultra-high pressure pretreatment. 28601771 0 31 from corncob 81:87 arg1 process 24:30 chemical-free process 10:30 chemical-free process 10:30 Green and chemical-free process of enzymatic xylooligosaccharide production from corncob: Enhancement of the yields using a strategy of lignocellulosic destructuration by ultra-high pressure pretreatment. 28601771 0 32 theme production 65:74 arg1 Green 0:4 Green 0:4 Green 0:4 Green and chemical-free process of enzymatic xylooligosaccharide production from corncob: Enhancement of the yields using a strategy of lignocellulosic destructuration by ultra-high pressure pretreatment. 28601771 0 32 theme production 65:74 arg1 process 24:30 chemical-free process 10:30 chemical-free process 10:30 Green and chemical-free process of enzymatic xylooligosaccharide production from corncob: Enhancement of the yields using a strategy of lignocellulosic destructuration by ultra-high pressure pretreatment. 28601771 6 33 theme XOS 897:899 arg1 activities 883:892 antioxidant activities 871:892 antioxidant activities of XOS using UHP pretreatment 871:922 Interestingly, antioxidant activities of XOS using UHP pretreatment were higher than untreated corncob. 28601771 3 34 theme corncobs 609:616 arg1 100U 585:588 100U 585:588 100U of endo-xylanase/g corncobs 585:616 The maximum XOS yield of 35.6mg/g substrate was achieved and firstly reported at 10% (w/v) of substrate, 100U of endo-xylanase/g corncobs and incubation time of 18h. 28601771 3 34 theme corncobs 609:616 arg1 time 633:636 incubation time 622:636 incubation time of 18h 622:643 The maximum XOS yield of 35.6mg/g substrate was achieved and firstly reported at 10% (w/v) of substrate, 100U of endo-xylanase/g corncobs and incubation time of 18h. 28601771 3 34 theme corncobs 609:616 arg1 substrate 574:582 substrate 574:582 substrate 574:582 The maximum XOS yield of 35.6mg/g substrate was achieved and firstly reported at 10% (w/v) of substrate, 100U of endo-xylanase/g corncobs and incubation time of 18h. 28601771 7 35 theme lignocellulosic 990:1004 arg1 destructuration 1006:1020 lignocellulosic destructuration 990:1020 lignocellulosic destructuration 990:1020 The UHP pretreatment improved lignocellulosic destructuration and XOS yields in a shorter time without the need of chemicals, implying that UHP could be an effective pretreatment of biomass with a chemical-free process. 28601771 3 36 theme maximum 484:490 arg1 yield 496:500 The maximum XOS yield 480:500 The maximum XOS yield of 35.6mg/g substrate 480:522 The maximum XOS yield of 35.6mg/g substrate was achieved and firstly reported at 10% (w/v) of substrate, 100U of endo-xylanase/g corncobs and incubation time of 18h. 28601771 0 37 theme xylooligosaccharide 45:63 arg1 production 65:74 enzymatic xylooligosaccharide production 35:74 enzymatic xylooligosaccharide production 35:74 Green and chemical-free process of enzymatic xylooligosaccharide production from corncob: Enhancement of the yields using a strategy of lignocellulosic destructuration by ultra-high pressure pretreatment. 28601771 0 38 theme destructuration 152:166 arg1 strategy 124:131 a strategy 122:131 a strategy of lignocellulosic destructuration 122:166 Green and chemical-free process of enzymatic xylooligosaccharide production from corncob: Enhancement of the yields using a strategy of lignocellulosic destructuration by ultra-high pressure pretreatment. 28601771 3 39 theme 18h 641:643 arg1 100U 585:588 100U 585:588 100U of endo-xylanase/g corncobs 585:616 The maximum XOS yield of 35.6mg/g substrate was achieved and firstly reported at 10% (w/v) of substrate, 100U of endo-xylanase/g corncobs and incubation time of 18h. 28601771 3 39 theme 18h 641:643 arg1 time 633:636 incubation time 622:636 incubation time of 18h 622:643 The maximum XOS yield of 35.6mg/g substrate was achieved and firstly reported at 10% (w/v) of substrate, 100U of endo-xylanase/g corncobs and incubation time of 18h. 28601771 3 39 theme 18h 641:643 arg1 substrate 574:582 substrate 574:582 substrate 574:582 The maximum XOS yield of 35.6mg/g substrate was achieved and firstly reported at 10% (w/v) of substrate, 100U of endo-xylanase/g corncobs and incubation time of 18h. 28601771 2 40 theme UHP 348:350 arg1 pretreatment 353:364 The ultra-high pressure (UHP) pretreatment 323:364 The ultra-high pressure (UHP) pretreatment at 100MPa for 10min 323:384 The ultra-high pressure (UHP) pretreatment at 100MPa for 10min led to improved accessibility of enzyme for conversion of xylan to xylooligosaccharide (XOS). 28601771 0 41 theme pressure 182:189 arg1 pretreatment 191:202 ultra-high pressure pretreatment 171:202 ultra-high pressure pretreatment 171:202 Green and chemical-free process of enzymatic xylooligosaccharide production from corncob: Enhancement of the yields using a strategy of lignocellulosic destructuration by ultra-high pressure pretreatment. 28601771 3 42 theme 100U 585:588 arg1 w/v 566:568 w/v 566:568 w/v 566:568 The maximum XOS yield of 35.6mg/g substrate was achieved and firstly reported at 10% (w/v) of substrate, 100U of endo-xylanase/g corncobs and incubation time of 18h. 28601771 3 42 theme 100U 585:588 arg1 100U 585:588 100U 585:588 100U of endo-xylanase/g corncobs 585:616 The maximum XOS yield of 35.6mg/g substrate was achieved and firstly reported at 10% (w/v) of substrate, 100U of endo-xylanase/g corncobs and incubation time of 18h. 28601771 3 42 theme 100U 585:588 arg1 time 633:636 incubation time 622:636 incubation time of 18h 622:643 The maximum XOS yield of 35.6mg/g substrate was achieved and firstly reported at 10% (w/v) of substrate, 100U of endo-xylanase/g corncobs and incubation time of 18h. 28601771 3 42 theme 100U 585:588 arg1 substrate 574:582 substrate 574:582 substrate 574:582 The maximum XOS yield of 35.6mg/g substrate was achieved and firstly reported at 10% (w/v) of substrate, 100U of endo-xylanase/g corncobs and incubation time of 18h. 28601771 3 42 theme 100U 585:588 arg1 % 563:563 10% 561:563 10% (w/v) of substrate, 100U of endo-xylanase/g corncobs and incubation time of 18h 561:643 The maximum XOS yield of 35.6mg/g substrate was achieved and firstly reported at 10% (w/v) of substrate, 100U of endo-xylanase/g corncobs and incubation time of 18h. 28601771 7 43 theme UHP 964:966 arg1 pretreatment 968:979 The UHP pretreatment 960:979 The UHP pretreatment 960:979 The UHP pretreatment improved lignocellulosic destructuration and XOS yields in a shorter time without the need of chemicals, implying that UHP could be an effective pretreatment of biomass with a chemical-free process. 28601771 0 44 theme ultra-high 171:180 arg1 pretreatment 191:202 ultra-high pressure pretreatment 171:202 ultra-high pressure pretreatment 171:202 Green and chemical-free process of enzymatic xylooligosaccharide production from corncob: Enhancement of the yields using a strategy of lignocellulosic destructuration by ultra-high pressure pretreatment. 28601771 3 45 theme time 633:636 arg1 w/v 566:568 w/v 566:568 w/v 566:568 The maximum XOS yield of 35.6mg/g substrate was achieved and firstly reported at 10% (w/v) of substrate, 100U of endo-xylanase/g corncobs and incubation time of 18h. 28601771 3 45 theme time 633:636 arg1 100U 585:588 100U 585:588 100U of endo-xylanase/g corncobs 585:616 The maximum XOS yield of 35.6mg/g substrate was achieved and firstly reported at 10% (w/v) of substrate, 100U of endo-xylanase/g corncobs and incubation time of 18h. 28601771 3 45 theme time 633:636 arg1 time 633:636 incubation time 622:636 incubation time of 18h 622:643 The maximum XOS yield of 35.6mg/g substrate was achieved and firstly reported at 10% (w/v) of substrate, 100U of endo-xylanase/g corncobs and incubation time of 18h. 28601771 3 45 theme time 633:636 arg1 substrate 574:582 substrate 574:582 substrate 574:582 The maximum XOS yield of 35.6mg/g substrate was achieved and firstly reported at 10% (w/v) of substrate, 100U of endo-xylanase/g corncobs and incubation time of 18h. 28601771 3 45 theme time 633:636 arg1 % 563:563 10% 561:563 10% (w/v) of substrate, 100U of endo-xylanase/g corncobs and incubation time of 18h 561:643 The maximum XOS yield of 35.6mg/g substrate was achieved and firstly reported at 10% (w/v) of substrate, 100U of endo-xylanase/g corncobs and incubation time of 18h. 28601771 2 46 theme pressure 338:345 arg1 pretreatment 353:364 The ultra-high pressure (UHP) pretreatment 323:364 The ultra-high pressure (UHP) pretreatment at 100MPa for 10min 323:384 The ultra-high pressure (UHP) pretreatment at 100MPa for 10min led to improved accessibility of enzyme for conversion of xylan to xylooligosaccharide (XOS). 28601771 3 47 theme substrate 574:582 arg1 w/v 566:568 w/v 566:568 w/v 566:568 The maximum XOS yield of 35.6mg/g substrate was achieved and firstly reported at 10% (w/v) of substrate, 100U of endo-xylanase/g corncobs and incubation time of 18h. 28601771 3 47 theme substrate 574:582 arg1 100U 585:588 100U 585:588 100U of endo-xylanase/g corncobs 585:616 The maximum XOS yield of 35.6mg/g substrate was achieved and firstly reported at 10% (w/v) of substrate, 100U of endo-xylanase/g corncobs and incubation time of 18h. 28601771 3 47 theme substrate 574:582 arg1 time 633:636 incubation time 622:636 incubation time of 18h 622:643 The maximum XOS yield of 35.6mg/g substrate was achieved and firstly reported at 10% (w/v) of substrate, 100U of endo-xylanase/g corncobs and incubation time of 18h. 28601771 3 47 theme substrate 574:582 arg1 substrate 574:582 substrate 574:582 substrate 574:582 The maximum XOS yield of 35.6mg/g substrate was achieved and firstly reported at 10% (w/v) of substrate, 100U of endo-xylanase/g corncobs and incubation time of 18h. 28601771 3 47 theme substrate 574:582 arg1 % 563:563 10% 561:563 10% (w/v) of substrate, 100U of endo-xylanase/g corncobs and incubation time of 18h 561:643 The maximum XOS yield of 35.6mg/g substrate was achieved and firstly reported at 10% (w/v) of substrate, 100U of endo-xylanase/g corncobs and incubation time of 18h. 28601771 3 48 theme 35.6mg/g 505:512 arg1 substrate 514:522 35.6mg/g substrate 505:522 35.6mg/g substrate 505:522 The maximum XOS yield of 35.6mg/g substrate was achieved and firstly reported at 10% (w/v) of substrate, 100U of endo-xylanase/g corncobs and incubation time of 18h. 28601771 5 49 theme UHP 751:753 arg1 pretreatment 755:766 The UHP pretreatment 747:766 The UHP pretreatment 747:766 The UHP pretreatment relatively did not affect to the composition of corncob, but decreased 34.3% of lignin. 28601771 6 50 theme antioxidant 871:881 arg1 activities 883:892 antioxidant activities 871:892 antioxidant activities of XOS using UHP pretreatment 871:922 Interestingly, antioxidant activities of XOS using UHP pretreatment were higher than untreated corncob. 28601771 0 51 dep Green 0:4 arg1 Enhancement 90:100 Enhancement 90:100 Green and chemical-free process of enzymatic xylooligosaccharide production from corncob: Enhancement of the yields using a strategy of lignocellulosic destructuration by ultra-high pressure pretreatment. 0:203 Green and chemical-free process of enzymatic xylooligosaccharide production from corncob: Enhancement of the yields using a strategy of lignocellulosic destructuration by ultra-high pressure pretreatment. 28601771 3 52 theme substrate 514:522 arg1 yield 496:500 The maximum XOS yield 480:500 The maximum XOS yield of 35.6mg/g substrate 480:522 The maximum XOS yield of 35.6mg/g substrate was achieved and firstly reported at 10% (w/v) of substrate, 100U of endo-xylanase/g corncobs and incubation time of 18h. 26402379 0 0 theme Intrinsically 86:98 arg1 Materials 116:124 Intrinsically Flame-Retardant Materials 86:124 Intrinsically Flame-Retardant Materials 86:124 Phosphorylated Cellulose Nanofibrils: A Renewable Nanomaterial for the Preparation of Intrinsically Flame-Retardant Materials. 26402379 3 1 theme resonance 693:701 arg1 spectroscopy 703:714 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 676:714 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 676:714 The phosphorylation was achieved using (NH4)2HPO4 in the presence of urea, and the degree of substitution by phosphorus was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, conductometric titration, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 26402379 5 2 theme phosphorylated 885:898 arg1 CNF 900:902 phosphorylated CNF 885:902 phosphorylated CNF 885:902 The nanopaper sheets prepared from phosphorylated CNF showed self-extinguishing properties after consecutive applications of a methane flame for 3 s and did not ignite under a heat flux of 35 kW/m2, as shown by flammability and cone calorimetry measurements, respectively. 26402379 2 3 contain have 438:441 arg1 CNF 428:430 CNF 428:430 CNF 428:430 For this purpose, sulfite dissolving pulp fibers have been chemically modified by phosphorylation, and the resulting material has been used to prepare cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) that have a width of approximately 3 nm. 26402379 2 3 contain have 438:441 arg1 nanofibrils 415:425 cellulose nanofibrils 405:425 cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) that have a width of approximately 3 nm 405:471 For this purpose, sulfite dissolving pulp fibers have been chemically modified by phosphorylation, and the resulting material has been used to prepare cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) that have a width of approximately 3 nm. 26402379 2 3 contain have 438:441 arg2 width 445:449 a width 443:449 a width of approximately 3 nm 443:471 For this purpose, sulfite dissolving pulp fibers have been chemically modified by phosphorylation, and the resulting material has been used to prepare cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) that have a width of approximately 3 nm. 26402379 5 4 theme consecutive 947:957 arg1 applications 959:970 consecutive applications 947:970 consecutive applications of a methane flame for 3 s 947:997 The nanopaper sheets prepared from phosphorylated CNF showed self-extinguishing properties after consecutive applications of a methane flame for 3 s and did not ignite under a heat flux of 35 kW/m2, as shown by flammability and cone calorimetry measurements, respectively. 26402379 0 5 theme Materials 116:124 arg1 Preparation 71:81 the Preparation 67:81 the Preparation of Intrinsically Flame-Retardant Materials 67:124 Phosphorylated Cellulose Nanofibrils: A Renewable Nanomaterial for the Preparation of Intrinsically Flame-Retardant Materials. 26402379 2 6 theme sulfite 272:278 arg1 fibers 296:301 sulfite dissolving pulp fibers 272:301 sulfite dissolving pulp fibers 272:301 For this purpose, sulfite dissolving pulp fibers have been chemically modified by phosphorylation, and the resulting material has been used to prepare cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) that have a width of approximately 3 nm. 26402379 4 7 attach presence 721:728 arg1 structure 757:765 the structure 753:765 the structure of CNF 753:772 The presence of phosphate groups in the structure of CNF has been found to noticeably improve the flame retardancy of this material. 26402379 4 7 attach presence 721:728 arg2 groups 743:748 phosphate groups 733:748 phosphate groups 733:748 The presence of phosphate groups in the structure of CNF has been found to noticeably improve the flame retardancy of this material. 26402379 1 8 from use 174:176 arg1 composites 197:206 flame-retardant composites 181:206 flame-retardant composites 181:206 Cellulose from wood fibers can be modified for use in flame-retardant composites as an alternative to halogen-based compounds. 26402379 5 9 theme methane 977:983 arg1 flame 985:989 a methane flame 975:989 a methane flame for 3 s 975:997 The nanopaper sheets prepared from phosphorylated CNF showed self-extinguishing properties after consecutive applications of a methane flame for 3 s and did not ignite under a heat flux of 35 kW/m2, as shown by flammability and cone calorimetry measurements, respectively. 26402379 4 10 theme groups 743:748 arg1 presence 721:728 The presence 717:728 The presence of phosphate groups in the structure of CNF 717:772 The presence of phosphate groups in the structure of CNF has been found to noticeably improve the flame retardancy of this material. 26402379 0 11 theme Flame-Retardant 100:114 arg1 Materials 116:124 Intrinsically Flame-Retardant Materials 86:124 Intrinsically Flame-Retardant Materials 86:124 Phosphorylated Cellulose Nanofibrils: A Renewable Nanomaterial for the Preparation of Intrinsically Flame-Retardant Materials. 26402379 5 12 theme flame 985:989 arg1 applications 959:970 consecutive applications 947:970 consecutive applications of a methane flame for 3 s 947:997 The nanopaper sheets prepared from phosphorylated CNF showed self-extinguishing properties after consecutive applications of a methane flame for 3 s and did not ignite under a heat flux of 35 kW/m2, as shown by flammability and cone calorimetry measurements, respectively. 26402379 2 13 used used 389:392 arg2 material 371:378 the resulting material 357:378 the resulting material 357:378 For this purpose, sulfite dissolving pulp fibers have been chemically modified by phosphorylation, and the resulting material has been used to prepare cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) that have a width of approximately 3 nm. 26402379 4 14 theme CNF 770:772 arg1 structure 757:765 the structure 753:765 the structure of CNF 753:772 The presence of phosphate groups in the structure of CNF has been found to noticeably improve the flame retardancy of this material. 26402379 5 15 theme cone 1078:1081 arg1 measurements 1095:1106 cone calorimetry measurements 1078:1106 cone calorimetry measurements 1078:1106 The nanopaper sheets prepared from phosphorylated CNF showed self-extinguishing properties after consecutive applications of a methane flame for 3 s and did not ignite under a heat flux of 35 kW/m2, as shown by flammability and cone calorimetry measurements, respectively. 26402379 1 16 from fibers 147:152 arg1 Cellulose 127:135 Cellulose 127:135 Cellulose from wood fibers 127:152 Cellulose from wood fibers can be modified for use in flame-retardant composites as an alternative to halogen-based compounds. 26402379 2 17 theme pulp 291:294 arg1 fibers 296:301 sulfite dissolving pulp fibers 272:301 sulfite dissolving pulp fibers 272:301 For this purpose, sulfite dissolving pulp fibers have been chemically modified by phosphorylation, and the resulting material has been used to prepare cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) that have a width of approximately 3 nm. 26402379 1 18 theme flame-retardant 181:195 arg1 composites 197:206 flame-retardant composites 181:206 flame-retardant composites 181:206 Cellulose from wood fibers can be modified for use in flame-retardant composites as an alternative to halogen-based compounds. 26402379 0 19 theme Cellulose 15:23 arg1 Nanofibrils 25:35 Phosphorylated Cellulose Nanofibrils 0:35 Phosphorylated Cellulose Nanofibrils: A Renewable Nanomaterial for the Preparation of Intrinsically Flame-Retardant Materials. 0:125 Phosphorylated Cellulose Nanofibrils: A Renewable Nanomaterial for the Preparation of Intrinsically Flame-Retardant Materials. 26402379 5 20 theme calorimetry 1083:1093 arg1 measurements 1095:1106 cone calorimetry measurements 1078:1106 cone calorimetry measurements 1078:1106 The nanopaper sheets prepared from phosphorylated CNF showed self-extinguishing properties after consecutive applications of a methane flame for 3 s and did not ignite under a heat flux of 35 kW/m2, as shown by flammability and cone calorimetry measurements, respectively. 26402379 4 21 theme material 840:847 arg1 retardancy 821:830 the flame retardancy 811:830 the flame retardancy of this material 811:847 The presence of phosphate groups in the structure of CNF has been found to noticeably improve the flame retardancy of this material. 26402379 2 22 mod modified 324:331 arg3 phosphorylation 336:350 phosphorylation 336:350 phosphorylation 336:350 For this purpose, sulfite dissolving pulp fibers have been chemically modified by phosphorylation, and the resulting material has been used to prepare cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) that have a width of approximately 3 nm. 26402379 2 22 mod modified 324:331 arg1 fibers 296:301 sulfite dissolving pulp fibers 272:301 sulfite dissolving pulp fibers 272:301 For this purpose, sulfite dissolving pulp fibers have been chemically modified by phosphorylation, and the resulting material has been used to prepare cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) that have a width of approximately 3 nm. 26402379 4 23 theme phosphate 733:741 arg1 groups 743:748 phosphate groups 733:748 phosphate groups 733:748 The presence of phosphate groups in the structure of CNF has been found to noticeably improve the flame retardancy of this material. 26402379 5 24 theme nanopaper 854:862 arg1 sheets 864:869 The nanopaper sheets 850:869 The nanopaper sheets prepared from phosphorylated CNF 850:902 The nanopaper sheets prepared from phosphorylated CNF showed self-extinguishing properties after consecutive applications of a methane flame for 3 s and did not ignite under a heat flux of 35 kW/m2, as shown by flammability and cone calorimetry measurements, respectively. 26402379 0 25 theme Phosphorylated 0:13 arg1 Nanofibrils 25:35 Phosphorylated Cellulose Nanofibrils 0:35 Phosphorylated Cellulose Nanofibrils: A Renewable Nanomaterial for the Preparation of Intrinsically Flame-Retardant Materials. 0:125 Phosphorylated Cellulose Nanofibrils: A Renewable Nanomaterial for the Preparation of Intrinsically Flame-Retardant Materials. 26402379 5 26 theme kW/m2 1042:1046 arg1 flux 1031:1034 a heat flux 1024:1034 a heat flux of 35 kW/m2 1024:1046 The nanopaper sheets prepared from phosphorylated CNF showed self-extinguishing properties after consecutive applications of a methane flame for 3 s and did not ignite under a heat flux of 35 kW/m2, as shown by flammability and cone calorimetry measurements, respectively. 26402379 3 27 theme photoelectron 618:630 arg1 spectroscopy 632:643 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 612:643 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 612:643 The phosphorylation was achieved using (NH4)2HPO4 in the presence of urea, and the degree of substitution by phosphorus was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, conductometric titration, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 26402379 3 28 theme urea 543:546 arg1 presence 531:538 the presence 527:538 the presence of urea 527:546 The phosphorylation was achieved using (NH4)2HPO4 in the presence of urea, and the degree of substitution by phosphorus was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, conductometric titration, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 26402379 0 29 theme Renewable 40:48 arg1 Nanomaterial 50:61 A Renewable Nanomaterial 38:61 Phosphorylated Cellulose Nanofibrils: A Renewable Nanomaterial for the Preparation of Intrinsically Flame-Retardant Materials. 0:125 Phosphorylated Cellulose Nanofibrils: A Renewable Nanomaterial for the Preparation of Intrinsically Flame-Retardant Materials. 26402379 5 30 theme self-extinguishing 911:928 arg1 properties 930:939 self-extinguishing properties 911:939 self-extinguishing properties 911:939 The nanopaper sheets prepared from phosphorylated CNF showed self-extinguishing properties after consecutive applications of a methane flame for 3 s and did not ignite under a heat flux of 35 kW/m2, as shown by flammability and cone calorimetry measurements, respectively. 26402379 2 31 theme nm 470:471 arg1 width 445:449 a width 443:449 a width of approximately 3 nm 443:471 For this purpose, sulfite dissolving pulp fibers have been chemically modified by phosphorylation, and the resulting material has been used to prepare cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) that have a width of approximately 3 nm. 26402379 3 32 theme substitution 567:578 arg1 degree 557:562 the degree 553:562 the degree of substitution by phosphorus 553:592 The phosphorylation was achieved using (NH4)2HPO4 in the presence of urea, and the degree of substitution by phosphorus was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, conductometric titration, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 26402379 1 33 theme halogen-based 229:241 arg1 compounds 243:251 halogen-based compounds 229:251 halogen-based compounds 229:251 Cellulose from wood fibers can be modified for use in flame-retardant composites as an alternative to halogen-based compounds. 26402379 3 34 theme X-ray 612:616 arg1 spectroscopy 632:643 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 612:643 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 612:643 The phosphorylation was achieved using (NH4)2HPO4 in the presence of urea, and the degree of substitution by phosphorus was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, conductometric titration, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 26402379 4 35 theme flame 815:819 arg1 retardancy 821:830 the flame retardancy 811:830 the flame retardancy of this material 811:847 The presence of phosphate groups in the structure of CNF has been found to noticeably improve the flame retardancy of this material. 26402379 2 36 theme resulting 361:369 arg1 material 371:378 the resulting material 357:378 the resulting material 357:378 For this purpose, sulfite dissolving pulp fibers have been chemically modified by phosphorylation, and the resulting material has been used to prepare cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) that have a width of approximately 3 nm. 26402379 3 37 theme nuclear 676:682 arg1 resonance 693:701 nuclear magnetic resonance 676:701 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 676:714 The phosphorylation was achieved using (NH4)2HPO4 in the presence of urea, and the degree of substitution by phosphorus was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, conductometric titration, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 26402379 5 38 theme heat 1026:1029 arg1 flux 1031:1034 a heat flux 1024:1034 a heat flux of 35 kW/m2 1024:1046 The nanopaper sheets prepared from phosphorylated CNF showed self-extinguishing properties after consecutive applications of a methane flame for 3 s and did not ignite under a heat flux of 35 kW/m2, as shown by flammability and cone calorimetry measurements, respectively. 26402379 1 39 theme wood 142:145 arg1 fibers 147:152 wood fibers 142:152 wood fibers 142:152 Cellulose from wood fibers can be modified for use in flame-retardant composites as an alternative to halogen-based compounds. 26402379 4 40 from presence 721:728 arg1 structure 757:765 the structure 753:765 the structure of CNF 753:772 The presence of phosphate groups in the structure of CNF has been found to noticeably improve the flame retardancy of this material. 26402379 2 41 theme dissolving 280:289 arg1 fibers 296:301 sulfite dissolving pulp fibers 272:301 sulfite dissolving pulp fibers 272:301 For this purpose, sulfite dissolving pulp fibers have been chemically modified by phosphorylation, and the resulting material has been used to prepare cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) that have a width of approximately 3 nm. 26402379 0 42 dep Nanofibrils 25:35 arg1 Nanomaterial 50:61 A Renewable Nanomaterial 38:61 Phosphorylated Cellulose Nanofibrils: A Renewable Nanomaterial for the Preparation of Intrinsically Flame-Retardant Materials. 0:125 Phosphorylated Cellulose Nanofibrils: A Renewable Nanomaterial for the Preparation of Intrinsically Flame-Retardant Materials. 26402379 3 43 theme conductometric 646:659 arg1 titration 661:669 conductometric titration 646:669 conductometric titration 646:669 The phosphorylation was achieved using (NH4)2HPO4 in the presence of urea, and the degree of substitution by phosphorus was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, conductometric titration, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 26402379 3 44 theme NH4 514:516 arg1 2HPO4 518:522 (NH4)2HPO4 513:522 (NH4)2HPO4 in the presence of urea 513:546 The phosphorylation was achieved using (NH4)2HPO4 in the presence of urea, and the degree of substitution by phosphorus was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, conductometric titration, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 26402379 2 45 theme cellulose 405:413 arg1 CNF 428:430 CNF 428:430 CNF 428:430 For this purpose, sulfite dissolving pulp fibers have been chemically modified by phosphorylation, and the resulting material has been used to prepare cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) that have a width of approximately 3 nm. 26402379 2 45 theme cellulose 405:413 arg1 nanofibrils 415:425 cellulose nanofibrils 405:425 cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) that have a width of approximately 3 nm 405:471 For this purpose, sulfite dissolving pulp fibers have been chemically modified by phosphorylation, and the resulting material has been used to prepare cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) that have a width of approximately 3 nm. 26402379 3 46 theme magnetic 684:691 arg1 resonance 693:701 nuclear magnetic resonance 676:701 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 676:714 The phosphorylation was achieved using (NH4)2HPO4 in the presence of urea, and the degree of substitution by phosphorus was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, conductometric titration, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 26402379 3 47 from 2HPO4 518:522 arg1 presence 531:538 the presence 527:538 the presence of urea 527:546 The phosphorylation was achieved using (NH4)2HPO4 in the presence of urea, and the degree of substitution by phosphorus was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, conductometric titration, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 25907005 11 0 theme toxic 1565:1569 arg1 effects 1571:1577 the toxic effects 1561:1577 the toxic effects exerted by PROT 1561:1593 Complexation to CHON markedly reduced the toxic effects exerted by PROT and the NPs were compatible and well tolerated by Caco-2 cells. 25907005 2 1 from change 409:414 arg1 properties 423:432 the properties 419:432 the properties of the liquid medium 419:453 The response of sCT-loaded CHON/PROT NPs to a change in the properties of the liquid medium, e.g. its pH, composition or ionic strength was studied and in vitro peptide release was assessed. 25907005 1 2 theme polyelectrolyte 184:198 arg1 complex 200:206 self-assembled polyelectrolyte complex 169:206 self-assembled polyelectrolyte complex nanocarrier composed of chondroitin (CHON) and protamine (PROT) 169:270 A new type of self-assembled polyelectrolyte complex nanocarrier composed of chondroitin (CHON) and protamine (PROT) was designed and the ability of the carriers to bind salmon calcitonin (sCT) was examined. 25907005 9 3 theme sCT 1337:1339 arg1 amount 1327:1332 the amount 1323:1332 the amount of sCT remaining in NPs after the release experiments 1323:1386 The enthalpy of the decomposition exotherm correlated with the amount of sCT remaining in NPs after the release experiments. 25907005 9 3 theme sCT 1337:1339 arg1 sCT 1337:1339 sCT 1337:1339 sCT 1337:1339 The enthalpy of the decomposition exotherm correlated with the amount of sCT remaining in NPs after the release experiments. 25907005 8 4 theme in 1238:1239 arg1 studies 1255:1261 the in vitro release studies 1234:1261 the in vitro release studies 1234:1261 CHON/PROT NPs released less than 10% of the total loaded peptide in the first hour of the in vitro release studies. 25907005 10 5 from NPs 1518:1520 arg1 release 1488:1494 the release 1484:1494 the release of sCT from CHON/PROT NPs 1484:1520 The composition of medium and its ionic strength was found to have a considerable influence on the release of sCT from CHON/PROT NPs. 25907005 1 6 theme complex 200:206 arg1 type 161:164 A new type 155:164 A new type of self-assembled polyelectrolyte complex nanocarrier composed of chondroitin (CHON) and protamine (PROT) 155:270 A new type of self-assembled polyelectrolyte complex nanocarrier composed of chondroitin (CHON) and protamine (PROT) was designed and the ability of the carriers to bind salmon calcitonin (sCT) was examined. 25907005 0 7 theme extended 121:128 arg1 systems--Investigations 49:71 peptide delivery systems--Investigations 32:71 peptide delivery systems--Investigations into the self-assembly process 32:102 Chondroitin-based nanoplexes as peptide delivery systems--Investigations into the self-assembly process, solid-state and extended release characteristics. 25907005 0 7 theme extended 121:128 arg1 characteristics 138:152 extended release characteristics 121:152 extended release characteristics 121:152 Chondroitin-based nanoplexes as peptide delivery systems--Investigations into the self-assembly process, solid-state and extended release characteristics. 25907005 10 8 theme strength 1429:1436 arg1 composition 1393:1403 The composition 1389:1403 The composition of medium and its ionic strength 1389:1436 The composition of medium and its ionic strength was found to have a considerable influence on the release of sCT from CHON/PROT NPs. 25907005 7 9 theme potential 1065:1073 arg1 values 1075:1080 negative zeta potential values 1051:1080 negative zeta potential values 1051:1080 The particles had negative zeta potential values and were homogenously dispersed with sizes between 60 and 250 nm. 25907005 10 10 contain have 1451:1454 arg2 influence 1471:1479 a considerable influence 1456:1479 a considerable influence 1456:1479 The composition of medium and its ionic strength was found to have a considerable influence on the release of sCT from CHON/PROT NPs. 25907005 10 10 contain have 1451:1454 arg1 composition 1393:1403 The composition 1389:1403 The composition of medium and its ionic strength 1389:1436 The composition of medium and its ionic strength was found to have a considerable influence on the release of sCT from CHON/PROT NPs. 25907005 10 11 theme CHON/PROT 1508:1516 arg1 NPs 1518:1520 CHON/PROT NPs 1508:1520 CHON/PROT NPs 1508:1520 The composition of medium and its ionic strength was found to have a considerable influence on the release of sCT from CHON/PROT NPs. 25907005 5 12 theme surface 874:880 arg1 potential 882:890 the positive surface potential 861:890 the positive surface potential 861:890 X-ray diffraction determined the amorphous nature of the negatively charged NPs, while those with the positive surface potential were semi-crystalline. 25907005 2 13 theme ionic 484:488 arg1 strength 490:497 ionic strength 484:497 ionic strength 484:497 The response of sCT-loaded CHON/PROT NPs to a change in the properties of the liquid medium, e.g. its pH, composition or ionic strength was studied and in vitro peptide release was assessed. 25907005 7 14 theme negative 1051:1058 arg1 values 1075:1080 negative zeta potential values 1051:1080 negative zeta potential values 1051:1080 The particles had negative zeta potential values and were homogenously dispersed with sizes between 60 and 250 nm. 25907005 10 15 theme considerable 1458:1469 arg1 influence 1471:1479 a considerable influence 1456:1479 a considerable influence 1456:1479 The composition of medium and its ionic strength was found to have a considerable influence on the release of sCT from CHON/PROT NPs. 25907005 8 16 theme total 1192:1196 arg1 peptide 1205:1211 the total loaded peptide 1188:1211 the total loaded peptide 1188:1211 CHON/PROT NPs released less than 10% of the total loaded peptide in the first hour of the in vitro release studies. 25907005 2 17 theme NPs 400:402 arg1 response 367:374 The response 363:374 The response of sCT-loaded CHON/PROT NPs to a change in the properties of the liquid medium, e.g. its pH, composition or ionic strength 363:497 The response of sCT-loaded CHON/PROT NPs to a change in the properties of the liquid medium, e.g. its pH, composition or ionic strength was studied and in vitro peptide release was assessed. 25907005 2 18 dep in 515:516 arg1 vitro 518:522 vitro 518:522 vitro 518:522 The response of sCT-loaded CHON/PROT NPs to a change in the properties of the liquid medium, e.g. its pH, composition or ionic strength was studied and in vitro peptide release was assessed. 25907005 7 19 theme zeta 1060:1063 arg1 values 1075:1080 negative zeta potential values 1051:1080 negative zeta potential values 1051:1080 The particles had negative zeta potential values and were homogenously dispersed with sizes between 60 and 250 nm. 25907005 10 20 theme medium 1408:1413 arg1 composition 1393:1403 The composition 1389:1403 The composition of medium and its ionic strength 1389:1436 The composition of medium and its ionic strength was found to have a considerable influence on the release of sCT from CHON/PROT NPs. 25907005 4 21 theme mixing 749:754 arg1 ratio 756:760 their mixing ratio 743:760 their mixing ratio 743:760 CHON/PROT NPs were successfully obtained with properties that were dependent on the concentration of the polyelectrolytes and their mixing ratio. 25907005 2 22 theme CHON/PROT 390:398 arg1 NPs 400:402 sCT-loaded CHON/PROT NPs 379:402 sCT-loaded CHON/PROT NPs 379:402 The response of sCT-loaded CHON/PROT NPs to a change in the properties of the liquid medium, e.g. its pH, composition or ionic strength was studied and in vitro peptide release was assessed. 25907005 2 23 theme sCT-loaded 379:388 arg1 NPs 400:402 sCT-loaded CHON/PROT NPs 379:402 sCT-loaded CHON/PROT NPs 379:402 The response of sCT-loaded CHON/PROT NPs to a change in the properties of the liquid medium, e.g. its pH, composition or ionic strength was studied and in vitro peptide release was assessed. 25907005 0 24 theme Chondroitin-based 0:16 arg1 nanoplexes 18:27 Chondroitin-based nanoplexes 0:27 Chondroitin-based nanoplexes as peptide delivery systems--Investigations into the self-assembly process, solid-state and extended release characteristics. 0:153 Chondroitin-based nanoplexes as peptide delivery systems--Investigations into the self-assembly process, solid-state and extended release characteristics. 25907005 9 25 theme exotherm 1298:1305 arg1 enthalpy 1268:1275 The enthalpy 1264:1275 The enthalpy of the decomposition exotherm 1264:1305 The enthalpy of the decomposition exotherm correlated with the amount of sCT remaining in NPs after the release experiments. 25907005 0 26 theme peptide 32:38 arg1 systems--Investigations 49:71 peptide delivery systems--Investigations 32:71 peptide delivery systems--Investigations into the self-assembly process 32:102 Chondroitin-based nanoplexes as peptide delivery systems--Investigations into the self-assembly process, solid-state and extended release characteristics. 25907005 0 26 theme peptide 32:38 arg1 solid-state 105:115 solid-state 105:115 solid-state 105:115 Chondroitin-based nanoplexes as peptide delivery systems--Investigations into the self-assembly process, solid-state and extended release characteristics. 25907005 0 26 theme peptide 32:38 arg1 characteristics 138:152 extended release characteristics 121:152 extended release characteristics 121:152 Chondroitin-based nanoplexes as peptide delivery systems--Investigations into the self-assembly process, solid-state and extended release characteristics. 25907005 5 27 theme amorphous 796:804 arg1 nature 806:811 the amorphous nature 792:811 the amorphous nature of the negatively charged NPs 792:841 X-ray diffraction determined the amorphous nature of the negatively charged NPs, while those with the positive surface potential were semi-crystalline. 25907005 10 28 theme ionic 1423:1427 arg1 strength 1429:1436 its ionic strength 1419:1436 its ionic strength 1419:1436 The composition of medium and its ionic strength was found to have a considerable influence on the release of sCT from CHON/PROT NPs. 25907005 4 29 theme polyelectrolytes 722:737 arg1 concentration 701:713 the concentration 697:713 the concentration of the polyelectrolytes 697:737 CHON/PROT NPs were successfully obtained with properties that were dependent on the concentration of the polyelectrolytes and their mixing ratio. 25907005 4 29 theme polyelectrolytes 722:737 arg1 ratio 756:760 their mixing ratio 743:760 their mixing ratio 743:760 CHON/PROT NPs were successfully obtained with properties that were dependent on the concentration of the polyelectrolytes and their mixing ratio. 25907005 8 30 theme peptide 1205:1211 arg1 peptide 1205:1211 the total loaded peptide 1188:1211 the total loaded peptide 1188:1211 CHON/PROT NPs released less than 10% of the total loaded peptide in the first hour of the in vitro release studies. 25907005 8 30 theme peptide 1205:1211 arg1 % 1183:1183 less than 10% 1171:1183 less than 10% of the total loaded peptide 1171:1211 CHON/PROT NPs released less than 10% of the total loaded peptide in the first hour of the in vitro release studies. 25907005 8 31 theme CHON/PROT 1148:1156 arg1 NPs 1158:1160 CHON/PROT NPs 1148:1160 CHON/PROT NPs 1148:1160 CHON/PROT NPs released less than 10% of the total loaded peptide in the first hour of the in vitro release studies. 25907005 2 32 theme in 515:516 arg1 release 532:538 in vitro peptide release 515:538 in vitro peptide release 515:538 The response of sCT-loaded CHON/PROT NPs to a change in the properties of the liquid medium, e.g. its pH, composition or ionic strength was studied and in vitro peptide release was assessed. 25907005 8 33 theme release 1247:1253 arg1 studies 1255:1261 the in vitro release studies 1234:1261 the in vitro release studies 1234:1261 CHON/PROT NPs released less than 10% of the total loaded peptide in the first hour of the in vitro release studies. 25907005 8 34 theme loaded 1198:1203 arg1 peptide 1205:1211 the total loaded peptide 1188:1211 the total loaded peptide 1188:1211 CHON/PROT NPs released less than 10% of the total loaded peptide in the first hour of the in vitro release studies. 25907005 1 35 theme carriers 308:315 arg1 ability 293:299 the ability 289:299 the ability of the carriers to bind salmon calcitonin (sCT) 289:347 A new type of self-assembled polyelectrolyte complex nanocarrier composed of chondroitin (CHON) and protamine (PROT) was designed and the ability of the carriers to bind salmon calcitonin (sCT) was examined. 25907005 10 36 theme sCT 1499:1501 arg1 release 1488:1494 the release 1484:1494 the release of sCT from CHON/PROT NPs 1484:1520 The composition of medium and its ionic strength was found to have a considerable influence on the release of sCT from CHON/PROT NPs. 25907005 5 37 theme charged 831:837 arg1 NPs 839:841 the negatively charged NPs 816:841 the negatively charged NPs 816:841 X-ray diffraction determined the amorphous nature of the negatively charged NPs, while those with the positive surface potential were semi-crystalline. 25907005 0 38 theme delivery 40:47 arg1 systems--Investigations 49:71 peptide delivery systems--Investigations 32:71 peptide delivery systems--Investigations into the self-assembly process 32:102 Chondroitin-based nanoplexes as peptide delivery systems--Investigations into the self-assembly process, solid-state and extended release characteristics. 25907005 0 38 theme delivery 40:47 arg1 solid-state 105:115 solid-state 105:115 solid-state 105:115 Chondroitin-based nanoplexes as peptide delivery systems--Investigations into the self-assembly process, solid-state and extended release characteristics. 25907005 0 38 theme delivery 40:47 arg1 characteristics 138:152 extended release characteristics 121:152 extended release characteristics 121:152 Chondroitin-based nanoplexes as peptide delivery systems--Investigations into the self-assembly process, solid-state and extended release characteristics. 25907005 5 39 theme X-ray 763:767 arg1 diffraction 769:779 X-ray diffraction 763:779 X-ray diffraction 763:779 X-ray diffraction determined the amorphous nature of the negatively charged NPs, while those with the positive surface potential were semi-crystalline. 25907005 0 40 theme release 130:136 arg1 systems--Investigations 49:71 peptide delivery systems--Investigations 32:71 peptide delivery systems--Investigations into the self-assembly process 32:102 Chondroitin-based nanoplexes as peptide delivery systems--Investigations into the self-assembly process, solid-state and extended release characteristics. 25907005 0 40 theme release 130:136 arg1 characteristics 138:152 extended release characteristics 121:152 extended release characteristics 121:152 Chondroitin-based nanoplexes as peptide delivery systems--Investigations into the self-assembly process, solid-state and extended release characteristics. 25907005 2 41 theme medium 448:453 arg1 properties 423:432 the properties 419:432 the properties of the liquid medium 419:453 The response of sCT-loaded CHON/PROT NPs to a change in the properties of the liquid medium, e.g. its pH, composition or ionic strength was studied and in vitro peptide release was assessed. 25907005 9 42 theme decomposition 1284:1296 arg1 exotherm 1298:1305 the decomposition exotherm 1280:1305 the decomposition exotherm 1280:1305 The enthalpy of the decomposition exotherm correlated with the amount of sCT remaining in NPs after the release experiments. 25907005 2 43 dep pH 465:466 arg1 e.g. 456:459 e.g. 456:459 e.g. 456:459 The response of sCT-loaded CHON/PROT NPs to a change in the properties of the liquid medium, e.g. its pH, composition or ionic strength was studied and in vitro peptide release was assessed. 25907005 3 44 theme Caco-2 603:608 arg1 cells 610:614 Caco-2 cells 603:614 Caco-2 cells 603:614 The biocompatibility of the NPs was evaluated in Caco-2 cells. 25907005 2 45 theme liquid 441:446 arg1 medium 448:453 the liquid medium 437:453 the liquid medium 437:453 The response of sCT-loaded CHON/PROT NPs to a change in the properties of the liquid medium, e.g. its pH, composition or ionic strength was studied and in vitro peptide release was assessed. 25907005 1 46 theme salmon 325:330 arg1 sCT 344:346 sCT 344:346 sCT 344:346 A new type of self-assembled polyelectrolyte complex nanocarrier composed of chondroitin (CHON) and protamine (PROT) was designed and the ability of the carriers to bind salmon calcitonin (sCT) was examined. 25907005 1 46 theme salmon 325:330 arg1 calcitonin 332:341 salmon calcitonin 325:341 salmon calcitonin (sCT) 325:347 A new type of self-assembled polyelectrolyte complex nanocarrier composed of chondroitin (CHON) and protamine (PROT) was designed and the ability of the carriers to bind salmon calcitonin (sCT) was examined. 25907005 8 47 dep in 1238:1239 arg1 vitro 1241:1245 vitro 1241:1245 vitro 1241:1245 CHON/PROT NPs released less than 10% of the total loaded peptide in the first hour of the in vitro release studies. 25907005 8 48 theme first 1220:1224 arg1 hour 1226:1229 the first hour 1216:1229 the first hour of the in vitro release studies 1216:1261 CHON/PROT NPs released less than 10% of the total loaded peptide in the first hour of the in vitro release studies. 25907005 7 49 contain had 1047:1049 arg1 particles 1037:1045 The particles 1033:1045 The particles 1033:1045 The particles had negative zeta potential values and were homogenously dispersed with sizes between 60 and 250 nm. 25907005 7 49 contain had 1047:1049 arg2 values 1075:1080 negative zeta potential values 1051:1080 negative zeta potential values 1051:1080 The particles had negative zeta potential values and were homogenously dispersed with sizes between 60 and 250 nm. 25907005 1 50 theme new 157:159 arg1 type 161:164 A new type 155:164 A new type of self-assembled polyelectrolyte complex nanocarrier composed of chondroitin (CHON) and protamine (PROT) 155:270 A new type of self-assembled polyelectrolyte complex nanocarrier composed of chondroitin (CHON) and protamine (PROT) was designed and the ability of the carriers to bind salmon calcitonin (sCT) was examined. 25907005 2 51 theme peptide 524:530 arg1 release 532:538 in vitro peptide release 515:538 in vitro peptide release 515:538 The response of sCT-loaded CHON/PROT NPs to a change in the properties of the liquid medium, e.g. its pH, composition or ionic strength was studied and in vitro peptide release was assessed. 25907005 5 52 theme positive 865:872 arg1 potential 882:890 the positive surface potential 861:890 the positive surface potential 861:890 X-ray diffraction determined the amorphous nature of the negatively charged NPs, while those with the positive surface potential were semi-crystalline. 25907005 8 53 theme studies 1255:1261 arg1 hour 1226:1229 the first hour 1216:1229 the first hour of the in vitro release studies 1216:1261 CHON/PROT NPs released less than 10% of the total loaded peptide in the first hour of the in vitro release studies. 25907005 6 54 theme drug 997:1000 arg1 % 1016:1016 13-38% 1011:1016 13-38% 1011:1016 sCT was efficiently associated with the nanocarriers (98-100%) and a notably high drug loading (13-38%) was achieved. 25907005 6 54 theme drug 997:1000 arg1 loading 1002:1008 a notably high drug loading 982:1008 a notably high drug loading (13-38%) 982:1017 sCT was efficiently associated with the nanocarriers (98-100%) and a notably high drug loading (13-38%) was achieved. 25907005 5 55 theme NPs 839:841 arg1 nature 806:811 the amorphous nature 792:811 the amorphous nature of the negatively charged NPs 792:841 X-ray diffraction determined the amorphous nature of the negatively charged NPs, while those with the positive surface potential were semi-crystalline. 25907005 4 56 theme CHON/PROT 617:625 arg1 NPs 627:629 CHON/PROT NPs 617:629 CHON/PROT NPs 617:629 CHON/PROT NPs were successfully obtained with properties that were dependent on the concentration of the polyelectrolytes and their mixing ratio. 25907005 6 57 theme high 992:995 arg1 % 1016:1016 13-38% 1011:1016 13-38% 1011:1016 sCT was efficiently associated with the nanocarriers (98-100%) and a notably high drug loading (13-38%) was achieved. 25907005 6 57 theme high 992:995 arg1 loading 1002:1008 a notably high drug loading 982:1008 a notably high drug loading (13-38%) 982:1017 sCT was efficiently associated with the nanocarriers (98-100%) and a notably high drug loading (13-38%) was achieved. 25907005 0 58 theme self-assembly 82:94 arg1 process 96:102 the self-assembly process 78:102 the self-assembly process 78:102 Chondroitin-based nanoplexes as peptide delivery systems--Investigations into the self-assembly process, solid-state and extended release characteristics. 25907005 9 59 theme release 1368:1374 arg1 experiments 1376:1386 the release experiments 1364:1386 the release experiments 1364:1386 The enthalpy of the decomposition exotherm correlated with the amount of sCT remaining in NPs after the release experiments. 25907005 3 60 theme NPs 582:584 arg1 biocompatibility 558:573 The biocompatibility 554:573 The biocompatibility of the NPs 554:584 The biocompatibility of the NPs was evaluated in Caco-2 cells. 25907005 1 61 theme self-assembled 169:182 arg1 complex 200:206 self-assembled polyelectrolyte complex 169:206 self-assembled polyelectrolyte complex nanocarrier composed of chondroitin (CHON) and protamine (PROT) 169:270 A new type of self-assembled polyelectrolyte complex nanocarrier composed of chondroitin (CHON) and protamine (PROT) was designed and the ability of the carriers to bind salmon calcitonin (sCT) was examined. 25907005 11 62 theme Caco-2 1645:1650 arg1 cells 1652:1656 Caco-2 cells 1645:1656 Caco-2 cells 1645:1656 Complexation to CHON markedly reduced the toxic effects exerted by PROT and the NPs were compatible and well tolerated by Caco-2 cells. 25797404 3 0 theme native 439:444 arg1 starches 467:474 native and irradiated tuber starches 439:474 native and irradiated tuber starches 439:474 Physicochemical, morphological and pasting properties of native and irradiated tuber starches were investigated. 25797404 6 1 from increase 896:903 arg1 irradiation 908:918 irradiation 908:918 irradiation of starch 908:928 Solubility, water absorption capacity and transmittance increased, whereas swelling power, bulk density and syneresis decreased upon increase in irradiation of starch. 25797404 7 2 theme pasting 1094:1100 arg1 properties 1102:1111 pasting properties 1094:1111 pasting properties 1094:1111 Correlation studies showed that irradiation dose was positively correlated with water absorption capacity and solubility index while it correlated negatively with pasting properties, swelling index, syneresis, and freeze thaw stability. 25797404 4 3 theme breakdown 613:621 arg1 viscosity 623:631 the breakdown viscosity 609:631 the breakdown viscosity 609:631 The results showed that peak, trough, final, and setback viscosities were significantly (p≤0.05) reduced, whereas the breakdown viscosity increased following irradiation. 25797404 4 4 theme peak 519:522 arg1 viscosities 552:562 peak, trough, final, and setback viscosities 519:562 peak, trough, final, and setback viscosities 519:562 The results showed that peak, trough, final, and setback viscosities were significantly (p≤0.05) reduced, whereas the breakdown viscosity increased following irradiation. 25797404 5 5 theme Physicochemical 666:680 arg1 properties 682:691 Physicochemical properties 666:691 Physicochemical properties 666:691 Physicochemical properties differed significantly and showed strong dose dependent relationship. 25797404 6 6 theme absorption 781:790 arg1 capacity 792:799 water absorption capacity 775:799 water absorption capacity 775:799 Solubility, water absorption capacity and transmittance increased, whereas swelling power, bulk density and syneresis decreased upon increase in irradiation of starch. 25797404 6 7 theme water 775:779 arg1 capacity 792:799 water absorption capacity 775:799 water absorption capacity 775:799 Solubility, water absorption capacity and transmittance increased, whereas swelling power, bulk density and syneresis decreased upon increase in irradiation of starch. 25797404 3 8 theme pasting 417:423 arg1 properties 425:434 Physicochemical, morphological and pasting properties 382:434 Physicochemical, morphological and pasting properties of native and irradiated tuber starches 382:474 Physicochemical, morphological and pasting properties of native and irradiated tuber starches were investigated. 25797404 3 9 theme morphological 399:411 arg1 properties 425:434 Physicochemical, morphological and pasting properties 382:434 Physicochemical, morphological and pasting properties of native and irradiated tuber starches 382:474 Physicochemical, morphological and pasting properties of native and irradiated tuber starches were investigated. 25797404 0 10 dep tuber 98:102 arg1 Sagittaria 70:79 Sagittaria 70:79 Sagittaria 70:79 Physicochemical properties of native and γ-irradiated wild arrowhead (Sagittaria sagittifolia L.) tuber starch. 25797404 4 11 theme trough 525:530 arg1 viscosities 552:562 peak, trough, final, and setback viscosities 519:562 peak, trough, final, and setback viscosities 519:562 The results showed that peak, trough, final, and setback viscosities were significantly (p≤0.05) reduced, whereas the breakdown viscosity increased following irradiation. 25797404 5 12 theme dependent 739:747 arg1 relationship 749:760 strong dose dependent relationship 727:760 strong dose dependent relationship 727:760 Physicochemical properties differed significantly and showed strong dose dependent relationship. 25797404 2 13 theme % 242:242 arg1 starch 244:249 starch 244:249 starch 244:249 Arrowhead tubers yielded 40.33% starch and its chemical composition revealed moisture, protein, ash and fat were 8.34±0.09%, 0.26±0.04%, 0.58±0.02% and 0%, respectively. 25797404 7 14 theme Correlation 931:941 arg1 studies 943:949 Correlation studies 931:949 Correlation studies 931:949 Correlation studies showed that irradiation dose was positively correlated with water absorption capacity and solubility index while it correlated negatively with pasting properties, swelling index, syneresis, and freeze thaw stability. 25797404 6 15 theme bulk 854:857 arg1 density 859:865 bulk density 854:865 bulk density 854:865 Solubility, water absorption capacity and transmittance increased, whereas swelling power, bulk density and syneresis decreased upon increase in irradiation of starch. 25797404 0 16 theme Physicochemical 0:14 arg1 properties 16:25 Physicochemical properties 0:25 Physicochemical properties of native and γ-irradiated wild arrowhead 0:67 Physicochemical properties of native and γ-irradiated wild arrowhead (Sagittaria sagittifolia L.) tuber starch. 25797404 7 17 theme freeze 1145:1150 arg1 stability 1157:1165 freeze thaw stability 1145:1165 freeze thaw stability 1145:1165 Correlation studies showed that irradiation dose was positively correlated with water absorption capacity and solubility index while it correlated negatively with pasting properties, swelling index, syneresis, and freeze thaw stability. 25797404 0 18 theme native 30:35 arg1 arrowhead 59:67 native and γ-irradiated wild arrowhead 30:67 native and γ-irradiated wild arrowhead 30:67 Physicochemical properties of native and γ-irradiated wild arrowhead (Sagittaria sagittifolia L.) tuber starch. 25797404 0 19 dep Sagittaria 70:79 arg1 L. 94:95 Sagittaria sagittifolia L. 70:95 Sagittaria sagittifolia L. 70:95 Physicochemical properties of native and γ-irradiated wild arrowhead (Sagittaria sagittifolia L.) tuber starch. 25797404 3 20 theme starches 467:474 arg1 properties 425:434 Physicochemical, morphological and pasting properties 382:434 Physicochemical, morphological and pasting properties of native and irradiated tuber starches 382:474 Physicochemical, morphological and pasting properties of native and irradiated tuber starches were investigated. 25797404 2 21 theme chemical 259:266 arg1 composition 268:278 its chemical composition 255:278 its chemical composition 255:278 Arrowhead tubers yielded 40.33% starch and its chemical composition revealed moisture, protein, ash and fat were 8.34±0.09%, 0.26±0.04%, 0.58±0.02% and 0%, respectively. 25797404 1 22 theme arrowhead 138:146 arg1 tuber 148:152 wild arrowhead tuber 133:152 wild arrowhead tuber 133:152 Starch isolated from wild arrowhead tuber was treated by γ-irradiation at 0, 5, 10 and 15kGy doses. 25797404 0 23 theme γ-irradiated 41:52 arg1 arrowhead 59:67 native and γ-irradiated wild arrowhead 30:67 native and γ-irradiated wild arrowhead 30:67 Physicochemical properties of native and γ-irradiated wild arrowhead (Sagittaria sagittifolia L.) tuber starch. 25797404 6 24 dep increased 819:827 arg1 whereas 830:836 whereas 830:836 whereas 830:836 Solubility, water absorption capacity and transmittance increased, whereas swelling power, bulk density and syneresis decreased upon increase in irradiation of starch. 25797404 7 25 theme thaw 1152:1155 arg1 stability 1157:1165 freeze thaw stability 1145:1165 freeze thaw stability 1145:1165 Correlation studies showed that irradiation dose was positively correlated with water absorption capacity and solubility index while it correlated negatively with pasting properties, swelling index, syneresis, and freeze thaw stability. 25797404 6 26 theme swelling 838:845 arg1 power 847:851 swelling power 838:851 swelling power 838:851 Solubility, water absorption capacity and transmittance increased, whereas swelling power, bulk density and syneresis decreased upon increase in irradiation of starch. 25797404 4 27 dep significantly 569:581 arg1 p≤0.05 584:589 p≤0.05 584:589 p≤0.05 584:589 The results showed that peak, trough, final, and setback viscosities were significantly (p≤0.05) reduced, whereas the breakdown viscosity increased following irradiation. 25797404 7 28 theme water 1011:1015 arg1 capacity 1028:1035 water absorption capacity 1011:1035 water absorption capacity 1011:1035 Correlation studies showed that irradiation dose was positively correlated with water absorption capacity and solubility index while it correlated negatively with pasting properties, swelling index, syneresis, and freeze thaw stability. 25797404 3 29 theme Physicochemical 382:396 arg1 properties 425:434 Physicochemical, morphological and pasting properties 382:434 Physicochemical, morphological and pasting properties of native and irradiated tuber starches 382:474 Physicochemical, morphological and pasting properties of native and irradiated tuber starches were investigated. 25797404 0 30 theme arrowhead 59:67 arg1 properties 16:25 Physicochemical properties 0:25 Physicochemical properties of native and γ-irradiated wild arrowhead 0:67 Physicochemical properties of native and γ-irradiated wild arrowhead (Sagittaria sagittifolia L.) tuber starch. 25797404 6 31 theme starch 923:928 arg1 irradiation 908:918 irradiation 908:918 irradiation of starch 908:928 Solubility, water absorption capacity and transmittance increased, whereas swelling power, bulk density and syneresis decreased upon increase in irradiation of starch. 25797404 7 32 theme solubility 1041:1050 arg1 index 1052:1056 solubility index 1041:1056 solubility index 1041:1056 Correlation studies showed that irradiation dose was positively correlated with water absorption capacity and solubility index while it correlated negatively with pasting properties, swelling index, syneresis, and freeze thaw stability. 25797404 7 33 theme absorption 1017:1026 arg1 capacity 1028:1035 water absorption capacity 1011:1035 water absorption capacity 1011:1035 Correlation studies showed that irradiation dose was positively correlated with water absorption capacity and solubility index while it correlated negatively with pasting properties, swelling index, syneresis, and freeze thaw stability. 25797404 0 34 theme wild 54:57 arg1 arrowhead 59:67 native and γ-irradiated wild arrowhead 30:67 native and γ-irradiated wild arrowhead 30:67 Physicochemical properties of native and γ-irradiated wild arrowhead (Sagittaria sagittifolia L.) tuber starch. 25797404 2 35 theme 40.33 237:241 arg1 % 242:242 % 242:242 % 242:242 Arrowhead tubers yielded 40.33% starch and its chemical composition revealed moisture, protein, ash and fat were 8.34±0.09%, 0.26±0.04%, 0.58±0.02% and 0%, respectively. 25797404 1 36 theme wild 133:136 arg1 tuber 148:152 wild arrowhead tuber 133:152 wild arrowhead tuber 133:152 Starch isolated from wild arrowhead tuber was treated by γ-irradiation at 0, 5, 10 and 15kGy doses. 25797404 4 37 theme final 533:537 arg1 viscosities 552:562 peak, trough, final, and setback viscosities 519:562 peak, trough, final, and setback viscosities 519:562 The results showed that peak, trough, final, and setback viscosities were significantly (p≤0.05) reduced, whereas the breakdown viscosity increased following irradiation. 25797404 3 38 theme irradiated 450:459 arg1 starches 467:474 native and irradiated tuber starches 439:474 native and irradiated tuber starches 439:474 Physicochemical, morphological and pasting properties of native and irradiated tuber starches were investigated. 25797404 4 39 theme setback 544:550 arg1 viscosities 552:562 peak, trough, final, and setback viscosities 519:562 peak, trough, final, and setback viscosities 519:562 The results showed that peak, trough, final, and setback viscosities were significantly (p≤0.05) reduced, whereas the breakdown viscosity increased following irradiation. 25797404 1 40 attach isolated 119:126 arg2 Starch 112:117 Starch 112:117 Starch isolated from wild arrowhead tuber 112:152 Starch isolated from wild arrowhead tuber was treated by γ-irradiation at 0, 5, 10 and 15kGy doses. 25797404 1 40 attach isolated 119:126 arg1 tuber 148:152 wild arrowhead tuber 133:152 wild arrowhead tuber 133:152 Starch isolated from wild arrowhead tuber was treated by γ-irradiation at 0, 5, 10 and 15kGy doses. 25797404 2 41 theme Arrowhead 212:220 arg1 tubers 222:227 Arrowhead tubers 212:227 Arrowhead tubers yielded 40.33% starch and its chemical composition 212:278 Arrowhead tubers yielded 40.33% starch and its chemical composition revealed moisture, protein, ash and fat were 8.34±0.09%, 0.26±0.04%, 0.58±0.02% and 0%, respectively. 25797404 7 42 theme irradiation 963:973 arg1 dose 975:978 irradiation dose 963:978 irradiation dose 963:978 Correlation studies showed that irradiation dose was positively correlated with water absorption capacity and solubility index while it correlated negatively with pasting properties, swelling index, syneresis, and freeze thaw stability. 25797404 3 43 theme tuber 461:465 arg1 starches 467:474 native and irradiated tuber starches 439:474 native and irradiated tuber starches 439:474 Physicochemical, morphological and pasting properties of native and irradiated tuber starches were investigated. 29134949 0 0 theme cartilage 82:90 arg1 regeneration 92:103 cartilage regeneration 82:103 cartilage regeneration 82:103 PLA short sub-micron fiber reinforcement of 3D bioprinted alginate constructs for cartilage regeneration. 29134949 4 1 dep viable 833:838 arg1 % 844:844 ∼80% 841:844 ∼80% 841:844 Live/dead assays at day 0, 3, 7 and 14 of in vitro culture showed that human chondrocytes were retained and highly viable (∼80%) within the 3D deposited hydrogel filaments, thus confirming that the fabricated composites materials represent a valid solution for tissue engineering applications. 29134949 2 2 dep 25.1 ± 3.8 460:469 arg1 to 457:458 to 457:458 to 457:458 We demonstrate that Young's modulus obtained for pristine alginate constructs (6.9 ± 1.7 kPa) can be increased threefold (up to 25.1 ± 3.8 kPa) with the addition of PLA short fibers. 29134949 5 3 theme extracellular 1177:1189 arg1 matrix 1191:1196 neocartilage extracellular matrix 1164:1196 neocartilage extracellular matrix 1164:1196 Finally, we show that the embedded chondrocytes during all the in vitro culture maintain a round morphology, a key parameter for a proper deposition of neocartilage extracellular matrix. 29134949 1 4 attach present 124:130 arg1 study 114:118 this study 109:118 this study 109:118 In this study, we present an innovative strategy to reinforce 3D-printed hydrogel constructs for cartilage tissue engineering by formulating composite bioinks containing alginate and short sub-micron polylactide (PLA) fibers. 29134949 1 4 attach present 124:130 arg2 we 121:122 we 121:122 we 121:122 In this study, we present an innovative strategy to reinforce 3D-printed hydrogel constructs for cartilage tissue engineering by formulating composite bioinks containing alginate and short sub-micron polylactide (PLA) fibers. 29134949 5 5 theme matrix 1191:1196 arg1 deposition 1150:1159 a proper deposition 1141:1159 a proper deposition of neocartilage extracellular matrix 1141:1196 Finally, we show that the embedded chondrocytes during all the in vitro culture maintain a round morphology, a key parameter for a proper deposition of neocartilage extracellular matrix. 29134949 1 6 theme alginate 276:283 arg1 fibers 324:329 alginate and short sub-micron polylactide (PLA) fibers 276:329 alginate and short sub-micron polylactide (PLA) fibers 276:329 In this study, we present an innovative strategy to reinforce 3D-printed hydrogel constructs for cartilage tissue engineering by formulating composite bioinks containing alginate and short sub-micron polylactide (PLA) fibers. 29134949 4 7 theme deposited 861:869 arg1 filaments 880:888 the 3D deposited hydrogel filaments 854:888 the 3D deposited hydrogel filaments 854:888 Live/dead assays at day 0, 3, 7 and 14 of in vitro culture showed that human chondrocytes were retained and highly viable (∼80%) within the 3D deposited hydrogel filaments, thus confirming that the fabricated composites materials represent a valid solution for tissue engineering applications. 29134949 4 8 theme engineering 986:996 arg1 applications 998:1009 tissue engineering applications 979:1009 tissue engineering applications 979:1009 Live/dead assays at day 0, 3, 7 and 14 of in vitro culture showed that human chondrocytes were retained and highly viable (∼80%) within the 3D deposited hydrogel filaments, thus confirming that the fabricated composites materials represent a valid solution for tissue engineering applications. 29134949 2 9 theme fibers 507:512 arg1 addition 485:492 the addition 481:492 the addition of PLA short fibers 481:512 We demonstrate that Young's modulus obtained for pristine alginate constructs (6.9 ± 1.7 kPa) can be increased threefold (up to 25.1 ± 3.8 kPa) with the addition of PLA short fibers. 29134949 4 10 from day 738:740 arg1 assays 728:733 Live/dead assays 718:733 Live/dead assays at day 0, 3, 7 and 14 of in vitro culture 718:775 Live/dead assays at day 0, 3, 7 and 14 of in vitro culture showed that human chondrocytes were retained and highly viable (∼80%) within the 3D deposited hydrogel filaments, thus confirming that the fabricated composites materials represent a valid solution for tissue engineering applications. 29134949 1 11 theme short 289:293 arg1 fibers 324:329 alginate and short sub-micron polylactide (PLA) fibers 276:329 alginate and short sub-micron polylactide (PLA) fibers 276:329 In this study, we present an innovative strategy to reinforce 3D-printed hydrogel constructs for cartilage tissue engineering by formulating composite bioinks containing alginate and short sub-micron polylactide (PLA) fibers. 29134949 2 12 theme short 501:505 arg1 fibers 507:512 PLA short fibers 497:512 PLA short fibers 497:512 We demonstrate that Young's modulus obtained for pristine alginate constructs (6.9 ± 1.7 kPa) can be increased threefold (up to 25.1 ± 3.8 kPa) with the addition of PLA short fibers. 29134949 4 13 dep in 760:761 arg1 vitro 763:767 vitro 763:767 vitro 763:767 Live/dead assays at day 0, 3, 7 and 14 of in vitro culture showed that human chondrocytes were retained and highly viable (∼80%) within the 3D deposited hydrogel filaments, thus confirming that the fabricated composites materials represent a valid solution for tissue engineering applications. 29134949 2 14 theme PLA 497:499 arg1 fibers 507:512 PLA short fibers 497:512 PLA short fibers 497:512 We demonstrate that Young's modulus obtained for pristine alginate constructs (6.9 ± 1.7 kPa) can be increased threefold (up to 25.1 ± 3.8 kPa) with the addition of PLA short fibers. 29134949 5 15 dep in 1075:1076 arg1 vitro 1078:1082 vitro 1078:1082 vitro 1078:1082 Finally, we show that the embedded chondrocytes during all the in vitro culture maintain a round morphology, a key parameter for a proper deposition of neocartilage extracellular matrix. 29134949 2 16 dep increased 433:441 arg1 kPa 471:473 up to 25.1 ± 3.8 kPa 454:473 up to 25.1 ± 3.8 kPa 454:473 We demonstrate that Young's modulus obtained for pristine alginate constructs (6.9 ± 1.7 kPa) can be increased threefold (up to 25.1 ± 3.8 kPa) with the addition of PLA short fibers. 29134949 1 17 theme 3D-printed 168:177 arg1 constructs 188:197 3D-printed hydrogel constructs 168:197 3D-printed hydrogel constructs for cartilage tissue engineering 168:230 In this study, we present an innovative strategy to reinforce 3D-printed hydrogel constructs for cartilage tissue engineering by formulating composite bioinks containing alginate and short sub-micron polylactide (PLA) fibers. 29134949 0 18 theme short 4:8 arg1 reinforcement 27:39 PLA short sub-micron fiber reinforcement 0:39 PLA short sub-micron fiber reinforcement of 3D bioprinted alginate constructs for cartilage regeneration. 0:104 PLA short sub-micron fiber reinforcement of 3D bioprinted alginate constructs for cartilage regeneration. 29134949 5 19 theme embedded 1038:1045 arg1 chondrocytes 1047:1058 the embedded chondrocytes 1034:1058 the embedded chondrocytes during all the in vitro culture 1034:1090 Finally, we show that the embedded chondrocytes during all the in vitro culture maintain a round morphology, a key parameter for a proper deposition of neocartilage extracellular matrix. 29134949 4 20 theme human 789:793 arg1 chondrocytes 795:806 human chondrocytes 789:806 human chondrocytes 789:806 Live/dead assays at day 0, 3, 7 and 14 of in vitro culture showed that human chondrocytes were retained and highly viable (∼80%) within the 3D deposited hydrogel filaments, thus confirming that the fabricated composites materials represent a valid solution for tissue engineering applications. 29134949 1 21 theme hydrogel 179:186 arg1 constructs 188:197 3D-printed hydrogel constructs 168:197 3D-printed hydrogel constructs for cartilage tissue engineering 168:230 In this study, we present an innovative strategy to reinforce 3D-printed hydrogel constructs for cartilage tissue engineering by formulating composite bioinks containing alginate and short sub-micron polylactide (PLA) fibers. 29134949 0 22 theme PLA 0:2 arg1 reinforcement 27:39 PLA short sub-micron fiber reinforcement 0:39 PLA short sub-micron fiber reinforcement of 3D bioprinted alginate constructs for cartilage regeneration. 0:104 PLA short sub-micron fiber reinforcement of 3D bioprinted alginate constructs for cartilage regeneration. 29134949 1 23 theme sub-micron 295:304 arg1 PLA 319:321 PLA 319:321 PLA 319:321 In this study, we present an innovative strategy to reinforce 3D-printed hydrogel constructs for cartilage tissue engineering by formulating composite bioinks containing alginate and short sub-micron polylactide (PLA) fibers. 29134949 1 23 theme sub-micron 295:304 arg1 polylactide 306:316 sub-micron polylactide 295:316 alginate and short sub-micron polylactide (PLA) fibers 276:329 In this study, we present an innovative strategy to reinforce 3D-printed hydrogel constructs for cartilage tissue engineering by formulating composite bioinks containing alginate and short sub-micron polylactide (PLA) fibers. 29134949 3 24 theme such 557:560 arg1 materials 562:570 such materials 557:570 such materials 557:570 Furthermore, to assess the performance of such materials in cartilage tissue engineering, we loaded the bioinks with human chondrocytes and cultured in vitro the bioprinted constructs for up to 14 days. 29134949 2 25 theme alginate 390:397 arg1 constructs 399:408 pristine alginate constructs 381:408 pristine alginate constructs (6.9 ± 1.7 kPa) 381:424 We demonstrate that Young's modulus obtained for pristine alginate constructs (6.9 ± 1.7 kPa) can be increased threefold (up to 25.1 ± 3.8 kPa) with the addition of PLA short fibers. 29134949 2 25 theme alginate 390:397 arg1 kPa 421:423 6.9 ± 1.7 kPa 411:423 6.9 ± 1.7 kPa 411:423 We demonstrate that Young's modulus obtained for pristine alginate constructs (6.9 ± 1.7 kPa) can be increased threefold (up to 25.1 ± 3.8 kPa) with the addition of PLA short fibers. 29134949 0 26 theme fiber 21:25 arg1 reinforcement 27:39 PLA short sub-micron fiber reinforcement 0:39 PLA short sub-micron fiber reinforcement of 3D bioprinted alginate constructs for cartilage regeneration. 0:104 PLA short sub-micron fiber reinforcement of 3D bioprinted alginate constructs for cartilage regeneration. 29134949 1 27 theme polylactide 306:316 arg1 fibers 324:329 alginate and short sub-micron polylactide (PLA) fibers 276:329 alginate and short sub-micron polylactide (PLA) fibers 276:329 In this study, we present an innovative strategy to reinforce 3D-printed hydrogel constructs for cartilage tissue engineering by formulating composite bioinks containing alginate and short sub-micron polylactide (PLA) fibers. 29134949 4 28 theme in 760:761 arg1 culture 769:775 in vitro culture 760:775 in vitro culture 760:775 Live/dead assays at day 0, 3, 7 and 14 of in vitro culture showed that human chondrocytes were retained and highly viable (∼80%) within the 3D deposited hydrogel filaments, thus confirming that the fabricated composites materials represent a valid solution for tissue engineering applications. 29134949 0 29 theme sub-micron 10:19 arg1 reinforcement 27:39 PLA short sub-micron fiber reinforcement 0:39 PLA short sub-micron fiber reinforcement of 3D bioprinted alginate constructs for cartilage regeneration. 0:104 PLA short sub-micron fiber reinforcement of 3D bioprinted alginate constructs for cartilage regeneration. 29134949 4 30 theme Live/dead 718:726 arg1 assays 728:733 Live/dead assays 718:733 Live/dead assays at day 0, 3, 7 and 14 of in vitro culture 718:775 Live/dead assays at day 0, 3, 7 and 14 of in vitro culture showed that human chondrocytes were retained and highly viable (∼80%) within the 3D deposited hydrogel filaments, thus confirming that the fabricated composites materials represent a valid solution for tissue engineering applications. 29134949 1 31 theme cartilage 203:211 arg1 engineering 220:230 cartilage tissue engineering 203:230 cartilage tissue engineering 203:230 In this study, we present an innovative strategy to reinforce 3D-printed hydrogel constructs for cartilage tissue engineering by formulating composite bioinks containing alginate and short sub-micron polylactide (PLA) fibers. 29134949 4 32 theme fabricated 916:925 arg1 materials 938:946 the fabricated composites materials 912:946 the fabricated composites materials 912:946 Live/dead assays at day 0, 3, 7 and 14 of in vitro culture showed that human chondrocytes were retained and highly viable (∼80%) within the 3D deposited hydrogel filaments, thus confirming that the fabricated composites materials represent a valid solution for tissue engineering applications. 29134949 3 33 theme human 632:636 arg1 chondrocytes 638:649 human chondrocytes 632:649 human chondrocytes 632:649 Furthermore, to assess the performance of such materials in cartilage tissue engineering, we loaded the bioinks with human chondrocytes and cultured in vitro the bioprinted constructs for up to 14 days. 29134949 3 34 theme cartilage 575:583 arg1 engineering 592:602 cartilage tissue engineering 575:602 cartilage tissue engineering 575:602 Furthermore, to assess the performance of such materials in cartilage tissue engineering, we loaded the bioinks with human chondrocytes and cultured in vitro the bioprinted constructs for up to 14 days. 29134949 1 35 theme tissue 213:218 arg1 engineering 220:230 cartilage tissue engineering 203:230 cartilage tissue engineering 203:230 In this study, we present an innovative strategy to reinforce 3D-printed hydrogel constructs for cartilage tissue engineering by formulating composite bioinks containing alginate and short sub-micron polylactide (PLA) fibers. 29134949 4 36 theme composites 927:936 arg1 materials 938:946 the fabricated composites materials 912:946 the fabricated composites materials 912:946 Live/dead assays at day 0, 3, 7 and 14 of in vitro culture showed that human chondrocytes were retained and highly viable (∼80%) within the 3D deposited hydrogel filaments, thus confirming that the fabricated composites materials represent a valid solution for tissue engineering applications. 29134949 5 37 theme key 1123:1125 arg1 parameter 1127:1135 a key parameter 1121:1135 a key parameter for a proper deposition of neocartilage extracellular matrix 1121:1196 Finally, we show that the embedded chondrocytes during all the in vitro culture maintain a round morphology, a key parameter for a proper deposition of neocartilage extracellular matrix. 29134949 5 37 theme key 1123:1125 arg1 morphology 1109:1118 a round morphology 1101:1118 a round morphology 1101:1118 Finally, we show that the embedded chondrocytes during all the in vitro culture maintain a round morphology, a key parameter for a proper deposition of neocartilage extracellular matrix. 29134949 3 38 theme tissue 585:590 arg1 engineering 592:602 cartilage tissue engineering 575:602 cartilage tissue engineering 575:602 Furthermore, to assess the performance of such materials in cartilage tissue engineering, we loaded the bioinks with human chondrocytes and cultured in vitro the bioprinted constructs for up to 14 days. 29134949 4 39 theme hydrogel 871:878 arg1 filaments 880:888 the 3D deposited hydrogel filaments 854:888 the 3D deposited hydrogel filaments 854:888 Live/dead assays at day 0, 3, 7 and 14 of in vitro culture showed that human chondrocytes were retained and highly viable (∼80%) within the 3D deposited hydrogel filaments, thus confirming that the fabricated composites materials represent a valid solution for tissue engineering applications. 29134949 0 40 theme bioprinted 47:56 arg1 constructs 67:76 3D bioprinted alginate constructs 44:76 3D bioprinted alginate constructs 44:76 PLA short sub-micron fiber reinforcement of 3D bioprinted alginate constructs for cartilage regeneration. 29134949 5 41 theme in 1075:1076 arg1 culture 1084:1090 all the in vitro culture 1067:1090 all the in vitro culture 1067:1090 Finally, we show that the embedded chondrocytes during all the in vitro culture maintain a round morphology, a key parameter for a proper deposition of neocartilage extracellular matrix. 29134949 5 42 theme round 1103:1107 arg1 parameter 1127:1135 a key parameter 1121:1135 a key parameter for a proper deposition of neocartilage extracellular matrix 1121:1196 Finally, we show that the embedded chondrocytes during all the in vitro culture maintain a round morphology, a key parameter for a proper deposition of neocartilage extracellular matrix. 29134949 5 42 theme round 1103:1107 arg1 morphology 1109:1118 a round morphology 1101:1118 a round morphology 1101:1118 Finally, we show that the embedded chondrocytes during all the in vitro culture maintain a round morphology, a key parameter for a proper deposition of neocartilage extracellular matrix. 29134949 3 43 theme materials 562:570 arg1 performance 542:552 the performance 538:552 the performance of such materials in cartilage tissue engineering 538:602 Furthermore, to assess the performance of such materials in cartilage tissue engineering, we loaded the bioinks with human chondrocytes and cultured in vitro the bioprinted constructs for up to 14 days. 29134949 0 44 theme 3D 44:45 arg1 constructs 67:76 3D bioprinted alginate constructs 44:76 3D bioprinted alginate constructs 44:76 PLA short sub-micron fiber reinforcement of 3D bioprinted alginate constructs for cartilage regeneration. 29134949 4 45 theme culture 769:775 arg1 day 738:740 day 0, 3, 7 and 14 738:755 day 0, 3, 7 and 14 of in vitro culture 738:775 Live/dead assays at day 0, 3, 7 and 14 of in vitro culture showed that human chondrocytes were retained and highly viable (∼80%) within the 3D deposited hydrogel filaments, thus confirming that the fabricated composites materials represent a valid solution for tissue engineering applications. 29134949 2 46 theme Young 352:356 arg1 modulus 360:366 Young's modulus 352:366 Young's modulus obtained for pristine alginate constructs (6.9 ± 1.7 kPa) 352:424 We demonstrate that Young's modulus obtained for pristine alginate constructs (6.9 ± 1.7 kPa) can be increased threefold (up to 25.1 ± 3.8 kPa) with the addition of PLA short fibers. 29134949 3 47 dep 14 709:710 arg1 to 706:707 to 706:707 to 706:707 Furthermore, to assess the performance of such materials in cartilage tissue engineering, we loaded the bioinks with human chondrocytes and cultured in vitro the bioprinted constructs for up to 14 days. 29134949 4 48 theme valid 960:964 arg1 solution 966:973 a valid solution 958:973 a valid solution for tissue engineering applications 958:1009 Live/dead assays at day 0, 3, 7 and 14 of in vitro culture showed that human chondrocytes were retained and highly viable (∼80%) within the 3D deposited hydrogel filaments, thus confirming that the fabricated composites materials represent a valid solution for tissue engineering applications. 29134949 3 49 from performance 542:552 arg1 engineering 592:602 cartilage tissue engineering 575:602 cartilage tissue engineering 575:602 Furthermore, to assess the performance of such materials in cartilage tissue engineering, we loaded the bioinks with human chondrocytes and cultured in vitro the bioprinted constructs for up to 14 days. 29134949 5 50 theme proper 1143:1148 arg1 deposition 1150:1159 a proper deposition 1141:1159 a proper deposition of neocartilage extracellular matrix 1141:1196 Finally, we show that the embedded chondrocytes during all the in vitro culture maintain a round morphology, a key parameter for a proper deposition of neocartilage extracellular matrix. 29134949 0 51 theme constructs 67:76 arg1 reinforcement 27:39 PLA short sub-micron fiber reinforcement 0:39 PLA short sub-micron fiber reinforcement of 3D bioprinted alginate constructs for cartilage regeneration. 0:104 PLA short sub-micron fiber reinforcement of 3D bioprinted alginate constructs for cartilage regeneration. 29134949 5 52 theme neocartilage 1164:1175 arg1 matrix 1191:1196 neocartilage extracellular matrix 1164:1196 neocartilage extracellular matrix 1164:1196 Finally, we show that the embedded chondrocytes during all the in vitro culture maintain a round morphology, a key parameter for a proper deposition of neocartilage extracellular matrix. 29134949 2 53 theme pristine 381:388 arg1 constructs 399:408 pristine alginate constructs 381:408 pristine alginate constructs (6.9 ± 1.7 kPa) 381:424 We demonstrate that Young's modulus obtained for pristine alginate constructs (6.9 ± 1.7 kPa) can be increased threefold (up to 25.1 ± 3.8 kPa) with the addition of PLA short fibers. 29134949 2 53 theme pristine 381:388 arg1 kPa 421:423 6.9 ± 1.7 kPa 411:423 6.9 ± 1.7 kPa 411:423 We demonstrate that Young's modulus obtained for pristine alginate constructs (6.9 ± 1.7 kPa) can be increased threefold (up to 25.1 ± 3.8 kPa) with the addition of PLA short fibers. 29134949 1 54 theme composite 247:255 arg1 bioinks 257:263 composite bioinks 247:263 composite bioinks containing alginate and short sub-micron polylactide (PLA) fibers 247:329 In this study, we present an innovative strategy to reinforce 3D-printed hydrogel constructs for cartilage tissue engineering by formulating composite bioinks containing alginate and short sub-micron polylactide (PLA) fibers. 29134949 0 55 theme alginate 58:65 arg1 constructs 67:76 3D bioprinted alginate constructs 44:76 3D bioprinted alginate constructs 44:76 PLA short sub-micron fiber reinforcement of 3D bioprinted alginate constructs for cartilage regeneration. 29134949 3 56 theme bioprinted 677:686 arg1 constructs 688:697 the bioprinted constructs 673:697 the bioprinted constructs for up to 14 days 673:715 Furthermore, to assess the performance of such materials in cartilage tissue engineering, we loaded the bioinks with human chondrocytes and cultured in vitro the bioprinted constructs for up to 14 days. 29134949 1 57 contain containing 265:274 arg2 fibers 324:329 alginate and short sub-micron polylactide (PLA) fibers 276:329 alginate and short sub-micron polylactide (PLA) fibers 276:329 In this study, we present an innovative strategy to reinforce 3D-printed hydrogel constructs for cartilage tissue engineering by formulating composite bioinks containing alginate and short sub-micron polylactide (PLA) fibers. 29134949 1 57 contain containing 265:274 arg1 bioinks 257:263 composite bioinks 247:263 composite bioinks containing alginate and short sub-micron polylactide (PLA) fibers 247:329 In this study, we present an innovative strategy to reinforce 3D-printed hydrogel constructs for cartilage tissue engineering by formulating composite bioinks containing alginate and short sub-micron polylactide (PLA) fibers. 29134949 1 58 theme innovative 135:144 arg1 strategy 146:153 an innovative strategy 132:153 an innovative strategy to reinforce 3D-printed hydrogel constructs for cartilage tissue engineering by formulating composite bioinks containing alginate and short sub-micron polylactide (PLA) fibers 132:329 In this study, we present an innovative strategy to reinforce 3D-printed hydrogel constructs for cartilage tissue engineering by formulating composite bioinks containing alginate and short sub-micron polylactide (PLA) fibers. 29134949 4 59 theme tissue 979:984 arg1 applications 998:1009 tissue engineering applications 979:1009 tissue engineering applications 979:1009 Live/dead assays at day 0, 3, 7 and 14 of in vitro culture showed that human chondrocytes were retained and highly viable (∼80%) within the 3D deposited hydrogel filaments, thus confirming that the fabricated composites materials represent a valid solution for tissue engineering applications. 29134949 4 60 theme 3D 858:859 arg1 filaments 880:888 the 3D deposited hydrogel filaments 854:888 the 3D deposited hydrogel filaments 854:888 Live/dead assays at day 0, 3, 7 and 14 of in vitro culture showed that human chondrocytes were retained and highly viable (∼80%) within the 3D deposited hydrogel filaments, thus confirming that the fabricated composites materials represent a valid solution for tissue engineering applications. 28050838 3 0 theme cell 503:506 arg1 walls 508:512 cell walls 503:512 cell walls in poplar xylem tissues 503:536 Here, we describe the method for quantification of the contents of several common neutral monosaccharides and cellulose, the major components of cell walls in poplar xylem tissues, by GC-MS. 28050838 3 1 from tissues 530:536 arg1 components 489:498 the major components 479:498 the major components of cell walls in poplar xylem tissues 479:536 Here, we describe the method for quantification of the contents of several common neutral monosaccharides and cellulose, the major components of cell walls in poplar xylem tissues, by GC-MS. 28050838 3 1 from tissues 530:536 arg1 cellulose 468:476 cellulose 468:476 cellulose 468:476 Here, we describe the method for quantification of the contents of several common neutral monosaccharides and cellulose, the major components of cell walls in poplar xylem tissues, by GC-MS. 28050838 1 2 theme high 163:166 arg1 accuracy 168:175 high accuracy 163:175 high accuracy 163:175 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a widely applied technique in carbohydrate composition analysis due to high accuracy and repeatability. 28050838 3 3 from walls 508:512 arg1 tissues 530:536 poplar xylem tissues 517:536 poplar xylem tissues 517:536 Here, we describe the method for quantification of the contents of several common neutral monosaccharides and cellulose, the major components of cell walls in poplar xylem tissues, by GC-MS. 28050838 2 4 theme carbohydrate 279:290 arg1 composition 292:302 carbohydrate composition 279:302 carbohydrate composition 279:302 As cell walls are the major carbohydrate pool in xylem tissues, the measurement of carbohydrate composition essentially constitutes an analysis of wall residues. 28050838 2 5 theme composition 292:302 arg1 measurement 264:274 the measurement 260:274 the measurement of carbohydrate composition 260:302 As cell walls are the major carbohydrate pool in xylem tissues, the measurement of carbohydrate composition essentially constitutes an analysis of wall residues. 28050838 4 6 theme cell 582:585 arg1 residues 592:599 cell wall residues 582:599 cell wall residues from xylem 582:610 The procedures for extraction of cell wall residues from xylem, generation of alditol derivatives, subsequent further separation on gas chromatograph, and detection by mass spectrometer are included. 28050838 4 7 from extraction 568:577 arg1 chromatograph 685:697 gas chromatograph 681:697 gas chromatograph 681:697 The procedures for extraction of cell wall residues from xylem, generation of alditol derivatives, subsequent further separation on gas chromatograph, and detection by mass spectrometer are included. 28050838 4 7 from extraction 568:577 arg1 xylem 606:610 xylem 606:610 xylem 606:610 The procedures for extraction of cell wall residues from xylem, generation of alditol derivatives, subsequent further separation on gas chromatograph, and detection by mass spectrometer are included. 28050838 3 8 theme major 483:487 arg1 components 489:498 the major components 479:498 the major components of cell walls in poplar xylem tissues 479:536 Here, we describe the method for quantification of the contents of several common neutral monosaccharides and cellulose, the major components of cell walls in poplar xylem tissues, by GC-MS. 28050838 3 8 theme major 483:487 arg1 cellulose 468:476 cellulose 468:476 cellulose 468:476 Here, we describe the method for quantification of the contents of several common neutral monosaccharides and cellulose, the major components of cell walls in poplar xylem tissues, by GC-MS. 28050838 4 9 theme gas 681:683 arg1 chromatograph 685:697 gas chromatograph 681:697 gas chromatograph 681:697 The procedures for extraction of cell wall residues from xylem, generation of alditol derivatives, subsequent further separation on gas chromatograph, and detection by mass spectrometer are included. 28050838 3 10 theme xylem 524:528 arg1 tissues 530:536 poplar xylem tissues 517:536 poplar xylem tissues 517:536 Here, we describe the method for quantification of the contents of several common neutral monosaccharides and cellulose, the major components of cell walls in poplar xylem tissues, by GC-MS. 28050838 3 11 theme common 433:438 arg1 monosaccharides 448:462 several common neutral monosaccharides 425:462 several common neutral monosaccharides 425:462 Here, we describe the method for quantification of the contents of several common neutral monosaccharides and cellulose, the major components of cell walls in poplar xylem tissues, by GC-MS. 28050838 2 12 from pool 237:240 arg1 tissues 251:257 xylem tissues 245:257 xylem tissues 245:257 As cell walls are the major carbohydrate pool in xylem tissues, the measurement of carbohydrate composition essentially constitutes an analysis of wall residues. 28050838 3 13 theme neutral 440:446 arg1 monosaccharides 448:462 several common neutral monosaccharides 425:462 several common neutral monosaccharides 425:462 Here, we describe the method for quantification of the contents of several common neutral monosaccharides and cellulose, the major components of cell walls in poplar xylem tissues, by GC-MS. 28050838 0 14 theme Composition 13:23 arg1 Analysis 25:32 Carbohydrate Composition Analysis 0:32 Carbohydrate Composition Analysis 0:32 Carbohydrate Composition Analysis in Xylem. 28050838 3 15 from components 489:498 arg1 tissues 530:536 poplar xylem tissues 517:536 poplar xylem tissues 517:536 Here, we describe the method for quantification of the contents of several common neutral monosaccharides and cellulose, the major components of cell walls in poplar xylem tissues, by GC-MS. 28050838 4 16 theme further 659:665 arg1 separation 667:676 subsequent further separation 648:676 subsequent further separation on gas chromatograph 648:697 The procedures for extraction of cell wall residues from xylem, generation of alditol derivatives, subsequent further separation on gas chromatograph, and detection by mass spectrometer are included. 28050838 0 17 theme Carbohydrate 0:11 arg1 Analysis 25:32 Carbohydrate Composition Analysis 0:32 Carbohydrate Composition Analysis 0:32 Carbohydrate Composition Analysis in Xylem. 28050838 1 18 from technique 109:117 arg1 analysis 147:154 carbohydrate composition analysis 122:154 carbohydrate composition analysis due to high accuracy and repeatability 122:193 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a widely applied technique in carbohydrate composition analysis due to high accuracy and repeatability. 28050838 4 19 theme mass 717:720 arg1 spectrometer 722:733 mass spectrometer 717:733 mass spectrometer 717:733 The procedures for extraction of cell wall residues from xylem, generation of alditol derivatives, subsequent further separation on gas chromatograph, and detection by mass spectrometer are included. 28050838 3 20 theme several 425:431 arg1 monosaccharides 448:462 several common neutral monosaccharides 425:462 several common neutral monosaccharides 425:462 Here, we describe the method for quantification of the contents of several common neutral monosaccharides and cellulose, the major components of cell walls in poplar xylem tissues, by GC-MS. 28050838 1 21 theme Gas 44:46 arg1 GC-MS 82:86 GC-MS 82:86 GC-MS 82:86 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a widely applied technique in carbohydrate composition analysis due to high accuracy and repeatability. 28050838 1 21 theme Gas 44:46 arg1 spectrometry 68:79 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 44:79 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 44:87 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a widely applied technique in carbohydrate composition analysis due to high accuracy and repeatability. 28050838 1 21 theme Gas 44:46 arg1 technique 109:117 a widely applied technique 92:117 a widely applied technique in carbohydrate composition analysis due to high accuracy and repeatability 92:193 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a widely applied technique in carbohydrate composition analysis due to high accuracy and repeatability. 28050838 3 22 theme cellulose 468:476 arg1 contents 413:420 the contents 409:420 the contents of several common neutral monosaccharides and cellulose, the major components of cell walls in poplar xylem tissues, 409:537 Here, we describe the method for quantification of the contents of several common neutral monosaccharides and cellulose, the major components of cell walls in poplar xylem tissues, by GC-MS. 28050838 1 23 theme applied 101:107 arg1 technique 109:117 a widely applied technique 92:117 a widely applied technique in carbohydrate composition analysis due to high accuracy and repeatability 92:193 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a widely applied technique in carbohydrate composition analysis due to high accuracy and repeatability. 28050838 1 23 theme applied 101:107 arg1 spectrometry 68:79 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 44:79 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 44:87 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a widely applied technique in carbohydrate composition analysis due to high accuracy and repeatability. 28050838 4 24 from generation 613:622 arg1 chromatograph 685:697 gas chromatograph 681:697 gas chromatograph 681:697 The procedures for extraction of cell wall residues from xylem, generation of alditol derivatives, subsequent further separation on gas chromatograph, and detection by mass spectrometer are included. 28050838 4 24 from generation 613:622 arg1 xylem 606:610 xylem 606:610 xylem 606:610 The procedures for extraction of cell wall residues from xylem, generation of alditol derivatives, subsequent further separation on gas chromatograph, and detection by mass spectrometer are included. 28050838 4 25 theme alditol 627:633 arg1 derivatives 635:645 alditol derivatives 627:645 alditol derivatives 627:645 The procedures for extraction of cell wall residues from xylem, generation of alditol derivatives, subsequent further separation on gas chromatograph, and detection by mass spectrometer are included. 28050838 4 26 theme subsequent 648:657 arg1 separation 667:676 subsequent further separation 648:676 subsequent further separation on gas chromatograph 648:697 The procedures for extraction of cell wall residues from xylem, generation of alditol derivatives, subsequent further separation on gas chromatograph, and detection by mass spectrometer are included. 28050838 3 27 theme monosaccharides 448:462 arg1 contents 413:420 the contents 409:420 the contents of several common neutral monosaccharides and cellulose, the major components of cell walls in poplar xylem tissues, 409:537 Here, we describe the method for quantification of the contents of several common neutral monosaccharides and cellulose, the major components of cell walls in poplar xylem tissues, by GC-MS. 28050838 3 28 theme contents 413:420 arg1 quantification 391:404 quantification 391:404 quantification of the contents of several common neutral monosaccharides and cellulose, the major components of cell walls in poplar xylem tissues, 391:537 Here, we describe the method for quantification of the contents of several common neutral monosaccharides and cellulose, the major components of cell walls in poplar xylem tissues, by GC-MS. 28050838 2 29 theme carbohydrate 224:235 arg1 pool 237:240 the major carbohydrate pool 214:240 the major carbohydrate pool in xylem tissues 214:257 As cell walls are the major carbohydrate pool in xylem tissues, the measurement of carbohydrate composition essentially constitutes an analysis of wall residues. 28050838 2 29 theme carbohydrate 224:235 arg1 walls 204:208 cell walls 199:208 cell walls 199:208 As cell walls are the major carbohydrate pool in xylem tissues, the measurement of carbohydrate composition essentially constitutes an analysis of wall residues. 28050838 2 30 theme major 218:222 arg1 pool 237:240 the major carbohydrate pool 214:240 the major carbohydrate pool in xylem tissues 214:257 As cell walls are the major carbohydrate pool in xylem tissues, the measurement of carbohydrate composition essentially constitutes an analysis of wall residues. 28050838 2 30 theme major 218:222 arg1 walls 204:208 cell walls 199:208 cell walls 199:208 As cell walls are the major carbohydrate pool in xylem tissues, the measurement of carbohydrate composition essentially constitutes an analysis of wall residues. 28050838 2 31 theme residues 348:355 arg1 analysis 331:338 an analysis 328:338 an analysis of wall residues 328:355 As cell walls are the major carbohydrate pool in xylem tissues, the measurement of carbohydrate composition essentially constitutes an analysis of wall residues. 28050838 3 32 theme walls 508:512 arg1 components 489:498 the major components 479:498 the major components of cell walls in poplar xylem tissues 479:536 Here, we describe the method for quantification of the contents of several common neutral monosaccharides and cellulose, the major components of cell walls in poplar xylem tissues, by GC-MS. 28050838 3 32 theme walls 508:512 arg1 cellulose 468:476 cellulose 468:476 cellulose 468:476 Here, we describe the method for quantification of the contents of several common neutral monosaccharides and cellulose, the major components of cell walls in poplar xylem tissues, by GC-MS. 28050838 2 33 theme wall 343:346 arg1 residues 348:355 wall residues 343:355 wall residues 343:355 As cell walls are the major carbohydrate pool in xylem tissues, the measurement of carbohydrate composition essentially constitutes an analysis of wall residues. 28050838 1 34 theme carbohydrate 122:133 arg1 analysis 147:154 carbohydrate composition analysis 122:154 carbohydrate composition analysis due to high accuracy and repeatability 122:193 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a widely applied technique in carbohydrate composition analysis due to high accuracy and repeatability. 28050838 4 35 from detection 704:712 arg1 chromatograph 685:697 gas chromatograph 681:697 gas chromatograph 681:697 The procedures for extraction of cell wall residues from xylem, generation of alditol derivatives, subsequent further separation on gas chromatograph, and detection by mass spectrometer are included. 28050838 4 35 from detection 704:712 arg1 xylem 606:610 xylem 606:610 xylem 606:610 The procedures for extraction of cell wall residues from xylem, generation of alditol derivatives, subsequent further separation on gas chromatograph, and detection by mass spectrometer are included. 28050838 4 36 theme residues 592:599 arg1 separation 667:676 subsequent further separation 648:676 subsequent further separation on gas chromatograph 648:697 The procedures for extraction of cell wall residues from xylem, generation of alditol derivatives, subsequent further separation on gas chromatograph, and detection by mass spectrometer are included. 28050838 4 36 theme residues 592:599 arg1 detection 704:712 detection 704:712 detection by mass spectrometer 704:733 The procedures for extraction of cell wall residues from xylem, generation of alditol derivatives, subsequent further separation on gas chromatograph, and detection by mass spectrometer are included. 28050838 4 36 theme residues 592:599 arg1 extraction 568:577 extraction 568:577 extraction of cell wall residues from xylem 568:610 The procedures for extraction of cell wall residues from xylem, generation of alditol derivatives, subsequent further separation on gas chromatograph, and detection by mass spectrometer are included. 28050838 4 36 theme residues 592:599 arg1 generation 613:622 generation 613:622 generation of alditol derivatives 613:645 The procedures for extraction of cell wall residues from xylem, generation of alditol derivatives, subsequent further separation on gas chromatograph, and detection by mass spectrometer are included. 28050838 2 37 theme cell 199:202 arg1 pool 237:240 the major carbohydrate pool 214:240 the major carbohydrate pool in xylem tissues 214:257 As cell walls are the major carbohydrate pool in xylem tissues, the measurement of carbohydrate composition essentially constitutes an analysis of wall residues. 28050838 2 37 theme cell 199:202 arg1 walls 204:208 cell walls 199:208 cell walls 199:208 As cell walls are the major carbohydrate pool in xylem tissues, the measurement of carbohydrate composition essentially constitutes an analysis of wall residues. 28050838 0 38 dep Analysis 25:32 arg1 Xylem 37:41 Xylem 37:41 Xylem 37:41 Carbohydrate Composition Analysis in Xylem. 28050838 1 39 theme composition 135:145 arg1 analysis 147:154 carbohydrate composition analysis 122:154 carbohydrate composition analysis due to high accuracy and repeatability 122:193 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a widely applied technique in carbohydrate composition analysis due to high accuracy and repeatability. 28050838 4 40 theme wall 587:590 arg1 residues 592:599 cell wall residues 582:599 cell wall residues from xylem 582:610 The procedures for extraction of cell wall residues from xylem, generation of alditol derivatives, subsequent further separation on gas chromatograph, and detection by mass spectrometer are included. 28050838 4 41 from xylem 606:610 arg1 residues 592:599 cell wall residues 582:599 cell wall residues from xylem 582:610 The procedures for extraction of cell wall residues from xylem, generation of alditol derivatives, subsequent further separation on gas chromatograph, and detection by mass spectrometer are included. 28050838 4 41 from xylem 606:610 arg1 separation 667:676 subsequent further separation 648:676 subsequent further separation on gas chromatograph 648:697 The procedures for extraction of cell wall residues from xylem, generation of alditol derivatives, subsequent further separation on gas chromatograph, and detection by mass spectrometer are included. 28050838 4 41 from xylem 606:610 arg1 detection 704:712 detection 704:712 detection by mass spectrometer 704:733 The procedures for extraction of cell wall residues from xylem, generation of alditol derivatives, subsequent further separation on gas chromatograph, and detection by mass spectrometer are included. 28050838 4 41 from xylem 606:610 arg1 extraction 568:577 extraction 568:577 extraction of cell wall residues from xylem 568:610 The procedures for extraction of cell wall residues from xylem, generation of alditol derivatives, subsequent further separation on gas chromatograph, and detection by mass spectrometer are included. 28050838 4 41 from xylem 606:610 arg1 generation 613:622 generation 613:622 generation of alditol derivatives 613:645 The procedures for extraction of cell wall residues from xylem, generation of alditol derivatives, subsequent further separation on gas chromatograph, and detection by mass spectrometer are included. 28050838 4 42 from separation 667:676 arg1 chromatograph 685:697 gas chromatograph 681:697 gas chromatograph 681:697 The procedures for extraction of cell wall residues from xylem, generation of alditol derivatives, subsequent further separation on gas chromatograph, and detection by mass spectrometer are included. 28050838 4 42 from separation 667:676 arg1 xylem 606:610 xylem 606:610 xylem 606:610 The procedures for extraction of cell wall residues from xylem, generation of alditol derivatives, subsequent further separation on gas chromatograph, and detection by mass spectrometer are included. 28050838 2 43 theme xylem 245:249 arg1 tissues 251:257 xylem tissues 245:257 xylem tissues 245:257 As cell walls are the major carbohydrate pool in xylem tissues, the measurement of carbohydrate composition essentially constitutes an analysis of wall residues. 28050838 4 44 theme derivatives 635:645 arg1 separation 667:676 subsequent further separation 648:676 subsequent further separation on gas chromatograph 648:697 The procedures for extraction of cell wall residues from xylem, generation of alditol derivatives, subsequent further separation on gas chromatograph, and detection by mass spectrometer are included. 28050838 4 44 theme derivatives 635:645 arg1 detection 704:712 detection 704:712 detection by mass spectrometer 704:733 The procedures for extraction of cell wall residues from xylem, generation of alditol derivatives, subsequent further separation on gas chromatograph, and detection by mass spectrometer are included. 28050838 4 44 theme derivatives 635:645 arg1 extraction 568:577 extraction 568:577 extraction of cell wall residues from xylem 568:610 The procedures for extraction of cell wall residues from xylem, generation of alditol derivatives, subsequent further separation on gas chromatograph, and detection by mass spectrometer are included. 28050838 4 44 theme derivatives 635:645 arg1 generation 613:622 generation 613:622 generation of alditol derivatives 613:645 The procedures for extraction of cell wall residues from xylem, generation of alditol derivatives, subsequent further separation on gas chromatograph, and detection by mass spectrometer are included. 28050838 1 45 theme chromatography-mass 48:66 arg1 GC-MS 82:86 GC-MS 82:86 GC-MS 82:86 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a widely applied technique in carbohydrate composition analysis due to high accuracy and repeatability. 28050838 1 45 theme chromatography-mass 48:66 arg1 spectrometry 68:79 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 44:79 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 44:87 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a widely applied technique in carbohydrate composition analysis due to high accuracy and repeatability. 28050838 1 45 theme chromatography-mass 48:66 arg1 technique 109:117 a widely applied technique 92:117 a widely applied technique in carbohydrate composition analysis due to high accuracy and repeatability 92:193 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a widely applied technique in carbohydrate composition analysis due to high accuracy and repeatability. 28050838 3 46 theme poplar 517:522 arg1 tissues 530:536 poplar xylem tissues 517:536 poplar xylem tissues 517:536 Here, we describe the method for quantification of the contents of several common neutral monosaccharides and cellulose, the major components of cell walls in poplar xylem tissues, by GC-MS. 25726098 3 0 theme milk 637:640 arg1 samples 642:648 milk samples 637:648 milk samples 637:648 After selection of cows, milk yield was measured and milk samples were collected at the mammary quarter level (i.e., 1,140 mammary samples collected from 285 cows) for analysis of milk composition and SCC. 25726098 5 1 theme CNS 988:990 arg1 effect 978:983 the effect 974:983 the effect of CNS on milk yield and composition 974:1020 Forty-one pairs of contralateral mammary quarters, with and without IMI, were used to evaluate the effect of CNS on milk yield and composition. 25726098 7 2 theme total 1294:1298 arg1 solids 1300:1305 total solids 1294:1305 total solids 1294:1305 Intramammary infection caused by CNS had no effect on milk yield or on contents of fat, crude protein, casein, lactose, total solids, and solids-not-fat. 25726098 0 3 theme cell 103:106 arg1 count 108:112 somatic cell count 95:112 somatic cell count 95:112 Bovine subclinical intramammary infection caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci increases somatic cell count but has no effect on milk yield or composition. 25726098 7 4 contain had 1211:1213 arg1 infection 1187:1195 Intramammary infection 1174:1195 Intramammary infection caused by CNS 1174:1209 Intramammary infection caused by CNS had no effect on milk yield or on contents of fat, crude protein, casein, lactose, total solids, and solids-not-fat. 25726098 7 4 contain had 1211:1213 arg2 effect 1218:1223 no effect 1215:1223 no effect 1215:1223 Intramammary infection caused by CNS had no effect on milk yield or on contents of fat, crude protein, casein, lactose, total solids, and solids-not-fat. 25726098 9 5 from level 1571:1575 arg1 yield 1534:1538 milk yield 1529:1538 milk yield 1529:1538 The IMI caused by S. chromogenes increased SCC but had no effect on milk yield and composition at the quarter level. 25726098 9 5 from level 1571:1575 arg1 composition 1544:1554 composition 1544:1554 composition 1544:1554 The IMI caused by S. chromogenes increased SCC but had no effect on milk yield and composition at the quarter level. 25726098 5 6 from effect 978:983 arg1 composition 1010:1020 composition 1010:1020 composition 1010:1020 Forty-one pairs of contralateral mammary quarters, with and without IMI, were used to evaluate the effect of CNS on milk yield and composition. 25726098 5 6 from effect 978:983 arg1 yield 1000:1004 milk yield 995:1004 milk yield 995:1004 Forty-one pairs of contralateral mammary quarters, with and without IMI, were used to evaluate the effect of CNS on milk yield and composition. 25726098 1 7 theme specific 322:329 arg1 species 335:341 specific CNS species 322:341 specific CNS species 322:341 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of subclinical intramammary infection (IMI) caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) as a group and by specific CNS species on milk yield and composition and somatic cell count (SCC) of dairy cows. 25726098 2 8 theme dairy 542:546 arg1 cows 548:551 1,242 dairy cows 536:551 1,242 dairy cows distributed in 21 dairy herds 536:581 Selection of cows with IMI caused by CNS was performed by microbiological cultures of composite samples collected from 1,242 dairy cows distributed in 21 dairy herds. 25726098 2 9 with cows 430:433 arg1 IMI 440:442 IMI 440:442 IMI caused by CNS 440:456 Selection of cows with IMI caused by CNS was performed by microbiological cultures of composite samples collected from 1,242 dairy cows distributed in 21 dairy herds. 25726098 7 10 theme casein 1277:1282 arg1 contents 1245:1252 contents 1245:1252 contents of fat, crude protein, casein, lactose, total solids, and solids-not-fat 1245:1325 Intramammary infection caused by CNS had no effect on milk yield or on contents of fat, crude protein, casein, lactose, total solids, and solids-not-fat. 25726098 3 11 theme SCC 785:787 arg1 analysis 752:759 analysis 752:759 analysis of milk composition and SCC 752:787 After selection of cows, milk yield was measured and milk samples were collected at the mammary quarter level (i.e., 1,140 mammary samples collected from 285 cows) for analysis of milk composition and SCC. 25726098 1 12 theme CNS 331:333 arg1 species 335:341 specific CNS species 322:341 specific CNS species 322:341 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of subclinical intramammary infection (IMI) caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) as a group and by specific CNS species on milk yield and composition and somatic cell count (SCC) of dairy cows. 25726098 9 13 theme quarter 1563:1569 arg1 level 1571:1575 the quarter level 1559:1575 the quarter level 1559:1575 The IMI caused by S. chromogenes increased SCC but had no effect on milk yield and composition at the quarter level. 25726098 7 14 theme solids 1300:1305 arg1 contents 1245:1252 contents 1245:1252 contents of fat, crude protein, casein, lactose, total solids, and solids-not-fat 1245:1325 Intramammary infection caused by CNS had no effect on milk yield or on contents of fat, crude protein, casein, lactose, total solids, and solids-not-fat. 25726098 6 15 theme mammary 1138:1144 arg1 quarters 1146:1153 noninfected contralateral mammary quarters 1112:1153 noninfected contralateral mammary quarters (62,807 cells/mL) 1112:1171 Mammary quarters infected with CNS had higher geometric mean SCC (306,106 cells/mL) than noninfected contralateral mammary quarters (62,807 cells/mL). 25726098 6 15 theme mammary 1138:1144 arg1 cells/mL 1163:1170 62,807 cells/mL 1156:1170 62,807 cells/mL 1156:1170 Mammary quarters infected with CNS had higher geometric mean SCC (306,106 cells/mL) than noninfected contralateral mammary quarters (62,807 cells/mL). 25726098 1 16 theme dairy 405:409 arg1 cows 411:414 dairy cows 405:414 dairy cows 405:414 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of subclinical intramammary infection (IMI) caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) as a group and by specific CNS species on milk yield and composition and somatic cell count (SCC) of dairy cows. 25726098 7 17 theme protein 1268:1274 arg1 contents 1245:1252 contents 1245:1252 contents of fat, crude protein, casein, lactose, total solids, and solids-not-fat 1245:1325 Intramammary infection caused by CNS had no effect on milk yield or on contents of fat, crude protein, casein, lactose, total solids, and solids-not-fat. 25726098 4 18 theme species 843:849 arg1 level 851:855 the species level 839:855 the species level 839:855 In total, 108 isolates of CNS were identified at the species level by PCR-RFLP analysis. 25726098 2 19 theme cows 430:433 arg1 Selection 417:425 Selection 417:425 Selection of cows with IMI caused by CNS 417:456 Selection of cows with IMI caused by CNS was performed by microbiological cultures of composite samples collected from 1,242 dairy cows distributed in 21 dairy herds. 25726098 2 20 theme dairy 571:575 arg1 herds 577:581 21 dairy herds 568:581 21 dairy herds 568:581 Selection of cows with IMI caused by CNS was performed by microbiological cultures of composite samples collected from 1,242 dairy cows distributed in 21 dairy herds. 25726098 1 21 theme cows 411:414 arg1 composition 361:371 composition 361:371 composition 361:371 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of subclinical intramammary infection (IMI) caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) as a group and by specific CNS species on milk yield and composition and somatic cell count (SCC) of dairy cows. 25726098 1 21 theme cows 411:414 arg1 yield 351:355 milk yield 346:355 milk yield 346:355 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of subclinical intramammary infection (IMI) caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) as a group and by specific CNS species on milk yield and composition and somatic cell count (SCC) of dairy cows. 25726098 1 21 theme cows 411:414 arg1 count 390:394 somatic cell count 377:394 somatic cell count 377:394 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of subclinical intramammary infection (IMI) caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) as a group and by specific CNS species on milk yield and composition and somatic cell count (SCC) of dairy cows. 25726098 1 21 theme cows 411:414 arg1 SCC 397:399 SCC 397:399 SCC 397:399 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of subclinical intramammary infection (IMI) caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) as a group and by specific CNS species on milk yield and composition and somatic cell count (SCC) of dairy cows. 25726098 7 22 theme milk 1228:1231 arg1 yield 1233:1237 milk yield 1228:1237 milk yield 1228:1237 Intramammary infection caused by CNS had no effect on milk yield or on contents of fat, crude protein, casein, lactose, total solids, and solids-not-fat. 25726098 10 23 theme dairy 1697:1701 arg1 cows 1703:1706 dairy cows 1697:1706 dairy cows 1697:1706 In conclusion, subclinical mastitis caused by CNS increased the SCC but had no effect on milk yield and composition of dairy cows. 25726098 5 24 used used 957:960 arg2 pairs 889:893 Forty-one pairs 879:893 Forty-one pairs 879:893 Forty-one pairs of contralateral mammary quarters, with and without IMI, were used to evaluate the effect of CNS on milk yield and composition. 25726098 0 25 theme subclinical 7:17 arg1 infection 32:40 Bovine subclinical intramammary infection 0:40 Bovine subclinical intramammary infection caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci 0:83 Bovine subclinical intramammary infection caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci increases somatic cell count but has no effect on milk yield or composition. 25726098 1 26 theme milk 346:349 arg1 yield 351:355 milk yield 346:355 milk yield 346:355 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of subclinical intramammary infection (IMI) caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) as a group and by specific CNS species on milk yield and composition and somatic cell count (SCC) of dairy cows. 25726098 6 27 theme noninfected 1112:1122 arg1 quarters 1146:1153 noninfected contralateral mammary quarters 1112:1153 noninfected contralateral mammary quarters (62,807 cells/mL) 1112:1171 Mammary quarters infected with CNS had higher geometric mean SCC (306,106 cells/mL) than noninfected contralateral mammary quarters (62,807 cells/mL). 25726098 6 27 theme noninfected 1112:1122 arg1 cells/mL 1163:1170 62,807 cells/mL 1156:1170 62,807 cells/mL 1156:1170 Mammary quarters infected with CNS had higher geometric mean SCC (306,106 cells/mL) than noninfected contralateral mammary quarters (62,807 cells/mL). 25726098 4 28 theme PCR-RFLP 860:867 arg1 analysis 869:876 PCR-RFLP analysis 860:876 PCR-RFLP analysis 860:876 In total, 108 isolates of CNS were identified at the species level by PCR-RFLP analysis. 25726098 1 29 theme study 178:182 arg1 aim 166:168 The aim 162:168 The aim of this study 162:182 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of subclinical intramammary infection (IMI) caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) as a group and by specific CNS species on milk yield and composition and somatic cell count (SCC) of dairy cows. 25726098 0 30 theme Bovine 0:5 arg1 infection 32:40 Bovine subclinical intramammary infection 0:40 Bovine subclinical intramammary infection caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci 0:83 Bovine subclinical intramammary infection caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci increases somatic cell count but has no effect on milk yield or composition. 25726098 3 31 theme quarter 680:686 arg1 level 688:692 the mammary quarter level 668:692 the mammary quarter level 668:692 After selection of cows, milk yield was measured and milk samples were collected at the mammary quarter level (i.e., 1,140 mammary samples collected from 285 cows) for analysis of milk composition and SCC. 25726098 0 32 from effect 125:130 arg1 yield 140:144 milk yield 135:144 milk yield 135:144 Bovine subclinical intramammary infection caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci increases somatic cell count but has no effect on milk yield or composition. 25726098 0 32 from effect 125:130 arg1 composition 149:159 composition 149:159 composition 149:159 Bovine subclinical intramammary infection caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci increases somatic cell count but has no effect on milk yield or composition. 25726098 7 33 theme lactose 1285:1291 arg1 contents 1245:1252 contents 1245:1252 contents of fat, crude protein, casein, lactose, total solids, and solids-not-fat 1245:1325 Intramammary infection caused by CNS had no effect on milk yield or on contents of fat, crude protein, casein, lactose, total solids, and solids-not-fat. 25726098 1 34 theme coagulase-negative 265:282 arg1 staphylococci 284:296 coagulase-negative staphylococci 265:296 coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) as a group 265:313 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of subclinical intramammary infection (IMI) caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) as a group and by specific CNS species on milk yield and composition and somatic cell count (SCC) of dairy cows. 25726098 1 34 theme coagulase-negative 265:282 arg1 CNS 299:301 CNS 299:301 CNS 299:301 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of subclinical intramammary infection (IMI) caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) as a group and by specific CNS species on milk yield and composition and somatic cell count (SCC) of dairy cows. 25726098 0 35 theme milk 135:138 arg1 yield 140:144 milk yield 135:144 milk yield 135:144 Bovine subclinical intramammary infection caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci increases somatic cell count but has no effect on milk yield or composition. 25726098 10 36 theme subclinical 1593:1603 arg1 mastitis 1605:1612 subclinical mastitis 1593:1612 subclinical mastitis caused by CNS 1593:1626 In conclusion, subclinical mastitis caused by CNS increased the SCC but had no effect on milk yield and composition of dairy cows. 25726098 5 37 theme mammary 912:918 arg1 quarters 920:927 contralateral mammary quarters 898:927 contralateral mammary quarters 898:927 Forty-one pairs of contralateral mammary quarters, with and without IMI, were used to evaluate the effect of CNS on milk yield and composition. 25726098 7 38 theme Intramammary 1174:1185 arg1 infection 1187:1195 Intramammary infection 1174:1195 Intramammary infection caused by CNS 1174:1209 Intramammary infection caused by CNS had no effect on milk yield or on contents of fat, crude protein, casein, lactose, total solids, and solids-not-fat. 25726098 0 39 theme intramammary 19:30 arg1 infection 32:40 Bovine subclinical intramammary infection 0:40 Bovine subclinical intramammary infection caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci 0:83 Bovine subclinical intramammary infection caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci increases somatic cell count but has no effect on milk yield or composition. 25726098 5 40 theme milk 995:998 arg1 yield 1000:1004 milk yield 995:1004 milk yield 995:1004 Forty-one pairs of contralateral mammary quarters, with and without IMI, were used to evaluate the effect of CNS on milk yield and composition. 25726098 9 41 theme milk 1529:1532 arg1 yield 1534:1538 milk yield 1529:1538 milk yield 1529:1538 The IMI caused by S. chromogenes increased SCC but had no effect on milk yield and composition at the quarter level. 25726098 7 42 theme fat 1257:1259 arg1 contents 1245:1252 contents 1245:1252 contents of fat, crude protein, casein, lactose, total solids, and solids-not-fat 1245:1325 Intramammary infection caused by CNS had no effect on milk yield or on contents of fat, crude protein, casein, lactose, total solids, and solids-not-fat. 25726098 3 43 theme milk 609:612 arg1 yield 614:618 milk yield 609:618 milk yield 609:618 After selection of cows, milk yield was measured and milk samples were collected at the mammary quarter level (i.e., 1,140 mammary samples collected from 285 cows) for analysis of milk composition and SCC. 25726098 8 44 from species 1382:1388 arg1 study 1398:1402 this study 1393:1402 this study 1393:1402 Staphylococcus chromogenes was the most prevalent CNS species in this study and the only species that allowed within-cow evaluation. 25726098 3 45 theme mammary 672:678 arg1 level 688:692 the mammary quarter level 668:692 the mammary quarter level 668:692 After selection of cows, milk yield was measured and milk samples were collected at the mammary quarter level (i.e., 1,140 mammary samples collected from 285 cows) for analysis of milk composition and SCC. 25726098 2 46 theme microbiological 475:489 arg1 cultures 491:498 microbiological cultures 475:498 microbiological cultures of composite samples collected from 1,242 dairy cows distributed in 21 dairy herds 475:581 Selection of cows with IMI caused by CNS was performed by microbiological cultures of composite samples collected from 1,242 dairy cows distributed in 21 dairy herds. 25726098 3 47 dep samples 715:721 arg1 i.e. 695:698 i.e. 695:698 i.e. 695:698 After selection of cows, milk yield was measured and milk samples were collected at the mammary quarter level (i.e., 1,140 mammary samples collected from 285 cows) for analysis of milk composition and SCC. 25726098 5 48 theme quarters 920:927 arg1 pairs 889:893 Forty-one pairs 879:893 Forty-one pairs 879:893 Forty-one pairs of contralateral mammary quarters, with and without IMI, were used to evaluate the effect of CNS on milk yield and composition. 25726098 9 49 contain had 1512:1514 arg2 effect 1519:1524 no effect 1516:1524 no effect 1516:1524 The IMI caused by S. chromogenes increased SCC but had no effect on milk yield and composition at the quarter level. 25726098 9 49 contain had 1512:1514 arg1 IMI 1465:1467 The IMI 1461:1467 The IMI caused by S. chromogenes 1461:1492 The IMI caused by S. chromogenes increased SCC but had no effect on milk yield and composition at the quarter level. 25726098 8 50 from species 1417:1423 arg1 study 1398:1402 this study 1393:1402 this study 1393:1402 Staphylococcus chromogenes was the most prevalent CNS species in this study and the only species that allowed within-cow evaluation. 25726098 8 51 theme only 1412:1415 arg1 species 1417:1423 the only species 1408:1423 the only species that allowed within-cow evaluation 1408:1458 Staphylococcus chromogenes was the most prevalent CNS species in this study and the only species that allowed within-cow evaluation. 25726098 8 52 theme prevalent 1368:1376 arg1 chromogenes 1343:1353 Staphylococcus chromogenes 1328:1353 Staphylococcus chromogenes 1328:1353 Staphylococcus chromogenes was the most prevalent CNS species in this study and the only species that allowed within-cow evaluation. 25726098 8 52 theme prevalent 1368:1376 arg1 species 1382:1388 the most prevalent CNS species 1359:1388 the most prevalent CNS species in this study 1359:1402 Staphylococcus chromogenes was the most prevalent CNS species in this study and the only species that allowed within-cow evaluation. 25726098 3 53 theme mammary 707:713 arg1 samples 715:721 1,140 mammary samples 701:721 1,140 mammary samples collected from 285 cows 701:745 After selection of cows, milk yield was measured and milk samples were collected at the mammary quarter level (i.e., 1,140 mammary samples collected from 285 cows) for analysis of milk composition and SCC. 25726098 10 54 contain had 1650:1652 arg2 effect 1657:1662 no effect 1654:1662 no effect 1654:1662 In conclusion, subclinical mastitis caused by CNS increased the SCC but had no effect on milk yield and composition of dairy cows. 25726098 10 54 contain had 1650:1652 arg1 mastitis 1605:1612 subclinical mastitis 1593:1612 subclinical mastitis caused by CNS 1593:1626 In conclusion, subclinical mastitis caused by CNS increased the SCC but had no effect on milk yield and composition of dairy cows. 25726098 1 55 from effect 204:209 arg1 composition 361:371 composition 361:371 composition 361:371 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of subclinical intramammary infection (IMI) caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) as a group and by specific CNS species on milk yield and composition and somatic cell count (SCC) of dairy cows. 25726098 1 55 from effect 204:209 arg1 yield 351:355 milk yield 346:355 milk yield 346:355 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of subclinical intramammary infection (IMI) caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) as a group and by specific CNS species on milk yield and composition and somatic cell count (SCC) of dairy cows. 25726098 1 55 from effect 204:209 arg1 SCC 397:399 SCC 397:399 SCC 397:399 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of subclinical intramammary infection (IMI) caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) as a group and by specific CNS species on milk yield and composition and somatic cell count (SCC) of dairy cows. 25726098 10 56 theme milk 1667:1670 arg1 yield 1672:1676 milk yield 1667:1676 milk yield 1667:1676 In conclusion, subclinical mastitis caused by CNS increased the SCC but had no effect on milk yield and composition of dairy cows. 25726098 0 57 theme coagulase-negative 52:69 arg1 staphylococci 71:83 coagulase-negative staphylococci 52:83 coagulase-negative staphylococci 52:83 Bovine subclinical intramammary infection caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci increases somatic cell count but has no effect on milk yield or composition. 25726098 3 58 dep collected 655:663 arg1 samples 715:721 1,140 mammary samples 701:721 1,140 mammary samples collected from 285 cows 701:745 After selection of cows, milk yield was measured and milk samples were collected at the mammary quarter level (i.e., 1,140 mammary samples collected from 285 cows) for analysis of milk composition and SCC. 25726098 4 59 theme CNS 816:818 arg1 isolates 804:811 108 isolates 800:811 108 isolates of CNS 800:818 In total, 108 isolates of CNS were identified at the species level by PCR-RFLP analysis. 25726098 1 60 theme somatic 377:383 arg1 count 390:394 somatic cell count 377:394 somatic cell count 377:394 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of subclinical intramammary infection (IMI) caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) as a group and by specific CNS species on milk yield and composition and somatic cell count (SCC) of dairy cows. 25726098 6 61 theme contralateral 1124:1136 arg1 quarters 1146:1153 noninfected contralateral mammary quarters 1112:1153 noninfected contralateral mammary quarters (62,807 cells/mL) 1112:1171 Mammary quarters infected with CNS had higher geometric mean SCC (306,106 cells/mL) than noninfected contralateral mammary quarters (62,807 cells/mL). 25726098 6 61 theme contralateral 1124:1136 arg1 cells/mL 1163:1170 62,807 cells/mL 1156:1170 62,807 cells/mL 1156:1170 Mammary quarters infected with CNS had higher geometric mean SCC (306,106 cells/mL) than noninfected contralateral mammary quarters (62,807 cells/mL). 25726098 10 62 theme cows 1703:1706 arg1 composition 1682:1692 composition 1682:1692 composition 1682:1692 In conclusion, subclinical mastitis caused by CNS increased the SCC but had no effect on milk yield and composition of dairy cows. 25726098 10 62 theme cows 1703:1706 arg1 yield 1672:1676 milk yield 1667:1676 milk yield 1667:1676 In conclusion, subclinical mastitis caused by CNS increased the SCC but had no effect on milk yield and composition of dairy cows. 25726098 6 63 dep higher 1062:1067 arg1 SCC 1084:1086 geometric mean SCC 1069:1086 geometric mean SCC (306,106 cells/mL) 1069:1105 Mammary quarters infected with CNS had higher geometric mean SCC (306,106 cells/mL) than noninfected contralateral mammary quarters (62,807 cells/mL). 25726098 6 63 dep higher 1062:1067 arg1 cells/mL 1097:1104 306,106 cells/mL 1089:1104 306,106 cells/mL 1089:1104 Mammary quarters infected with CNS had higher geometric mean SCC (306,106 cells/mL) than noninfected contralateral mammary quarters (62,807 cells/mL). 25726098 3 64 theme milk 764:767 arg1 composition 769:779 milk composition 764:779 milk composition 764:779 After selection of cows, milk yield was measured and milk samples were collected at the mammary quarter level (i.e., 1,140 mammary samples collected from 285 cows) for analysis of milk composition and SCC. 25726098 2 65 theme samples 513:519 arg1 cultures 491:498 microbiological cultures 475:498 microbiological cultures of composite samples collected from 1,242 dairy cows distributed in 21 dairy herds 475:581 Selection of cows with IMI caused by CNS was performed by microbiological cultures of composite samples collected from 1,242 dairy cows distributed in 21 dairy herds. 25726098 1 66 theme cell 385:388 arg1 count 390:394 somatic cell count 377:394 somatic cell count 377:394 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of subclinical intramammary infection (IMI) caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) as a group and by specific CNS species on milk yield and composition and somatic cell count (SCC) of dairy cows. 25726098 0 67 contain has 118:120 arg2 effect 125:130 no effect 122:130 no effect on milk yield or composition 122:159 Bovine subclinical intramammary infection caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci increases somatic cell count but has no effect on milk yield or composition. 25726098 0 67 contain has 118:120 arg1 infection 32:40 Bovine subclinical intramammary infection 0:40 Bovine subclinical intramammary infection caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci 0:83 Bovine subclinical intramammary infection caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci increases somatic cell count but has no effect on milk yield or composition. 25726098 3 68 theme composition 769:779 arg1 analysis 752:759 analysis 752:759 analysis of milk composition and SCC 752:787 After selection of cows, milk yield was measured and milk samples were collected at the mammary quarter level (i.e., 1,140 mammary samples collected from 285 cows) for analysis of milk composition and SCC. 25726098 8 69 theme within-cow 1438:1447 arg1 evaluation 1449:1458 within-cow evaluation 1438:1458 within-cow evaluation 1438:1458 Staphylococcus chromogenes was the most prevalent CNS species in this study and the only species that allowed within-cow evaluation. 25726098 2 70 theme composite 503:511 arg1 samples 513:519 composite samples 503:519 composite samples collected from 1,242 dairy cows distributed in 21 dairy herds 503:581 Selection of cows with IMI caused by CNS was performed by microbiological cultures of composite samples collected from 1,242 dairy cows distributed in 21 dairy herds. 25726098 3 71 theme cows 603:606 arg1 selection 590:598 selection 590:598 selection of cows 590:606 After selection of cows, milk yield was measured and milk samples were collected at the mammary quarter level (i.e., 1,140 mammary samples collected from 285 cows) for analysis of milk composition and SCC. 25726098 6 72 theme mean 1079:1082 arg1 SCC 1084:1086 geometric mean SCC 1069:1086 geometric mean SCC (306,106 cells/mL) 1069:1105 Mammary quarters infected with CNS had higher geometric mean SCC (306,106 cells/mL) than noninfected contralateral mammary quarters (62,807 cells/mL). 25726098 6 72 theme mean 1079:1082 arg1 cells/mL 1097:1104 306,106 cells/mL 1089:1104 306,106 cells/mL 1089:1104 Mammary quarters infected with CNS had higher geometric mean SCC (306,106 cells/mL) than noninfected contralateral mammary quarters (62,807 cells/mL). 25726098 7 73 theme crude 1262:1266 arg1 protein 1268:1274 crude protein 1262:1274 crude protein 1262:1274 Intramammary infection caused by CNS had no effect on milk yield or on contents of fat, crude protein, casein, lactose, total solids, and solids-not-fat. 25726098 1 74 theme subclinical 214:224 arg1 IMI 250:252 IMI 250:252 IMI 250:252 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of subclinical intramammary infection (IMI) caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) as a group and by specific CNS species on milk yield and composition and somatic cell count (SCC) of dairy cows. 25726098 1 74 theme subclinical 214:224 arg1 infection 239:247 subclinical intramammary infection 214:247 subclinical intramammary infection (IMI) caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) as a group and by specific CNS species 214:341 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of subclinical intramammary infection (IMI) caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) as a group and by specific CNS species on milk yield and composition and somatic cell count (SCC) of dairy cows. 25726098 0 75 theme somatic 95:101 arg1 count 108:112 somatic cell count 95:112 somatic cell count 95:112 Bovine subclinical intramammary infection caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci increases somatic cell count but has no effect on milk yield or composition. 25726098 6 76 theme geometric 1069:1077 arg1 SCC 1084:1086 geometric mean SCC 1069:1086 geometric mean SCC (306,106 cells/mL) 1069:1105 Mammary quarters infected with CNS had higher geometric mean SCC (306,106 cells/mL) than noninfected contralateral mammary quarters (62,807 cells/mL). 25726098 6 76 theme geometric 1069:1077 arg1 cells/mL 1097:1104 306,106 cells/mL 1089:1104 306,106 cells/mL 1089:1104 Mammary quarters infected with CNS had higher geometric mean SCC (306,106 cells/mL) than noninfected contralateral mammary quarters (62,807 cells/mL). 25726098 8 77 theme CNS 1378:1380 arg1 chromogenes 1343:1353 Staphylococcus chromogenes 1328:1353 Staphylococcus chromogenes 1328:1353 Staphylococcus chromogenes was the most prevalent CNS species in this study and the only species that allowed within-cow evaluation. 25726098 8 77 theme CNS 1378:1380 arg1 species 1382:1388 the most prevalent CNS species 1359:1388 the most prevalent CNS species in this study 1359:1402 Staphylococcus chromogenes was the most prevalent CNS species in this study and the only species that allowed within-cow evaluation. 25726098 1 78 theme intramammary 226:237 arg1 IMI 250:252 IMI 250:252 IMI 250:252 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of subclinical intramammary infection (IMI) caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) as a group and by specific CNS species on milk yield and composition and somatic cell count (SCC) of dairy cows. 25726098 1 78 theme intramammary 226:237 arg1 infection 239:247 subclinical intramammary infection 214:247 subclinical intramammary infection (IMI) caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) as a group and by specific CNS species 214:341 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of subclinical intramammary infection (IMI) caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) as a group and by specific CNS species on milk yield and composition and somatic cell count (SCC) of dairy cows. 25726098 7 79 theme solids-not-fat 1312:1325 arg1 contents 1245:1252 contents 1245:1252 contents of fat, crude protein, casein, lactose, total solids, and solids-not-fat 1245:1325 Intramammary infection caused by CNS had no effect on milk yield or on contents of fat, crude protein, casein, lactose, total solids, and solids-not-fat. 25726098 5 80 theme contralateral 898:910 arg1 quarters 920:927 contralateral mammary quarters 898:927 contralateral mammary quarters 898:927 Forty-one pairs of contralateral mammary quarters, with and without IMI, were used to evaluate the effect of CNS on milk yield and composition. 25726098 6 81 theme Mammary 1023:1029 arg1 quarters 1031:1038 Mammary quarters 1023:1038 Mammary quarters infected with CNS 1023:1056 Mammary quarters infected with CNS had higher geometric mean SCC (306,106 cells/mL) than noninfected contralateral mammary quarters (62,807 cells/mL). 25726098 1 82 theme infection 239:247 arg1 effect 204:209 the effect 200:209 the effect of subclinical intramammary infection (IMI) caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) as a group and by specific CNS species on milk yield and composition and somatic cell count (SCC) of dairy cows 200:414 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of subclinical intramammary infection (IMI) caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) as a group and by specific CNS species on milk yield and composition and somatic cell count (SCC) of dairy cows. 28494381 7 0 from linkages 1376:1383 arg1 syringyl 1401:1408 syringyl 1401:1408 syringyl 1401:1408 Such information included, for example, the cleavage of essential lignin bonds (i.e., mainly β-O-4 linkages in guaiacyl and syringyl lignin) and formation of newly condensed lignin structures under different pretreatment conditions. 28494381 7 0 from linkages 1376:1383 arg1 guaiacyl 1388:1395 guaiacyl 1388:1395 guaiacyl 1388:1395 Such information included, for example, the cleavage of essential lignin bonds (i.e., mainly β-O-4 linkages in guaiacyl and syringyl lignin) and formation of newly condensed lignin structures under different pretreatment conditions. 28494381 4 1 theme pretreatments 570:582 arg1 effects 555:561 The effects 551:561 The effects of the pretreatments on the composition of wood chips 551:615 The effects of the pretreatments on the composition of wood chips were determined by ATR infrared spectroscopy. 28494381 7 2 theme different 1475:1483 arg1 conditions 1498:1507 different pretreatment conditions 1475:1507 different pretreatment conditions 1475:1507 Such information included, for example, the cleavage of essential lignin bonds (i.e., mainly β-O-4 linkages in guaiacyl and syringyl lignin) and formation of newly condensed lignin structures under different pretreatment conditions. 28494381 6 3 dep determining 928:938 arg1 addition 916:923 addition 916:923 addition 916:923 In addition to determining wood species-dependent differences in the wood chemical composition, analytical results indicated that most essential lignin- and carbohydrates-related phenomena taking place during hot-water and acidic pretreatments could be described by applying this simple spectral method requiring only a small sample amount and sample preparation. 28494381 8 4 dep hemicelluloses 1565:1578 arg1 xylan 1601:1605 hardwood xylan 1592:1605 especially hardwood xylan 1581:1605 Carbohydrate analyses indicated significant removal of hemicelluloses (especially hardwood xylan) and hemicelluloses-derived acetyl groups during the pretreatments, but they also confirmed the highly resistant nature of cellulose towards mild pretreatments. 28494381 7 5 theme structures 1458:1467 arg1 cleavage 1321:1328 the cleavage 1317:1328 the cleavage of essential lignin bonds (i.e., mainly β-O-4 linkages in guaiacyl and syringyl lignin) 1317:1416 Such information included, for example, the cleavage of essential lignin bonds (i.e., mainly β-O-4 linkages in guaiacyl and syringyl lignin) and formation of newly condensed lignin structures under different pretreatment conditions. 28494381 7 5 theme structures 1458:1467 arg1 formation 1422:1430 formation 1422:1430 formation of newly condensed lignin structures 1422:1467 Such information included, for example, the cleavage of essential lignin bonds (i.e., mainly β-O-4 linkages in guaiacyl and syringyl lignin) and formation of newly condensed lignin structures under different pretreatment conditions. 28494381 0 6 theme Spectroscopic 0:12 arg1 analysis 14:21 Spectroscopic analysis 0:21 Spectroscopic analysis of hot-water- and dilute-acid-extracted hardwood and softwood chips. 0:90 Spectroscopic analysis of hot-water- and dilute-acid-extracted hardwood and softwood chips. 28494381 7 7 theme condensed 1441:1449 arg1 structures 1458:1467 newly condensed lignin structures 1435:1467 newly condensed lignin structures 1435:1467 Such information included, for example, the cleavage of essential lignin bonds (i.e., mainly β-O-4 linkages in guaiacyl and syringyl lignin) and formation of newly condensed lignin structures under different pretreatment conditions. 28494381 6 8 theme chemical 987:994 arg1 composition 996:1006 the wood chemical composition 978:1006 the wood chemical composition 978:1006 In addition to determining wood species-dependent differences in the wood chemical composition, analytical results indicated that most essential lignin- and carbohydrates-related phenomena taking place during hot-water and acidic pretreatments could be described by applying this simple spectral method requiring only a small sample amount and sample preparation. 28494381 6 9 theme spectral 1200:1207 arg1 method 1209:1214 this simple spectral method 1188:1214 this simple spectral method requiring only a small sample amount and sample preparation 1188:1274 In addition to determining wood species-dependent differences in the wood chemical composition, analytical results indicated that most essential lignin- and carbohydrates-related phenomena taking place during hot-water and acidic pretreatments could be described by applying this simple spectral method requiring only a small sample amount and sample preparation. 28494381 2 10 theme pretreatment 299:310 arg1 conditions 312:321 varying pretreatment conditions 291:321 varying pretreatment conditions on the original wood material 291:351 pubescens) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) chips to determine if varying pretreatment conditions on the original wood material were detectable via attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy. 28494381 7 11 dep guaiacyl 1388:1395 arg1 lignin 1410:1415 lignin 1410:1415 lignin 1410:1415 Such information included, for example, the cleavage of essential lignin bonds (i.e., mainly β-O-4 linkages in guaiacyl and syringyl lignin) and formation of newly condensed lignin structures under different pretreatment conditions. 28494381 4 12 theme ATR 636:638 arg1 spectroscopy 649:660 ATR infrared spectroscopy 636:660 ATR infrared spectroscopy 636:660 The effects of the pretreatments on the composition of wood chips were determined by ATR infrared spectroscopy. 28494381 2 13 theme pine 245:248 arg1 chips 269:273 Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) chips 239:273 Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) chips 239:273 pubescens) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) chips to determine if varying pretreatment conditions on the original wood material were detectable via attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy. 28494381 5 14 theme wood 842:845 arg1 composition 856:866 the wood chemical composition 838:866 the wood chemical composition caused by different pretreatment conditions 838:910 The spectral data were compared to those determined by common wood chemistry analyses to evaluate the suitability of ATR spectroscopy method for rapid detection of changes in the wood chemical composition caused by different pretreatment conditions. 28494381 8 15 theme Carbohydrate 1510:1521 arg1 analyses 1523:1530 Carbohydrate analyses 1510:1530 Carbohydrate analyses 1510:1530 Carbohydrate analyses indicated significant removal of hemicelluloses (especially hardwood xylan) and hemicelluloses-derived acetyl groups during the pretreatments, but they also confirmed the highly resistant nature of cellulose towards mild pretreatments. 28494381 5 16 from changes 827:833 arg1 composition 856:866 the wood chemical composition 838:866 the wood chemical composition caused by different pretreatment conditions 838:910 The spectral data were compared to those determined by common wood chemistry analyses to evaluate the suitability of ATR spectroscopy method for rapid detection of changes in the wood chemical composition caused by different pretreatment conditions. 28494381 6 17 theme wood 940:943 arg1 differences 963:973 wood species-dependent differences 940:973 wood species-dependent differences in the wood chemical composition 940:1006 In addition to determining wood species-dependent differences in the wood chemical composition, analytical results indicated that most essential lignin- and carbohydrates-related phenomena taking place during hot-water and acidic pretreatments could be described by applying this simple spectral method requiring only a small sample amount and sample preparation. 28494381 6 18 theme sample 1239:1244 arg1 amount 1246:1251 only a small sample amount 1226:1251 only a small sample amount 1226:1251 In addition to determining wood species-dependent differences in the wood chemical composition, analytical results indicated that most essential lignin- and carbohydrates-related phenomena taking place during hot-water and acidic pretreatments could be described by applying this simple spectral method requiring only a small sample amount and sample preparation. 28494381 6 19 theme essential 1048:1056 arg1 phenomena 1092:1100 most essential lignin- and carbohydrates-related phenomena 1043:1100 most essential lignin- and carbohydrates-related phenomena taking place during hot-water and acidic pretreatments 1043:1155 In addition to determining wood species-dependent differences in the wood chemical composition, analytical results indicated that most essential lignin- and carbohydrates-related phenomena taking place during hot-water and acidic pretreatments could be described by applying this simple spectral method requiring only a small sample amount and sample preparation. 28494381 0 20 theme softwood 76:83 arg1 chips 85:89 hot-water- and dilute-acid-extracted hardwood and softwood chips 26:89 hot-water- and dilute-acid-extracted hardwood and softwood chips 26:89 Spectroscopic analysis of hot-water- and dilute-acid-extracted hardwood and softwood chips. 28494381 1 21 theme chemical 165:172 arg1 pulping 174:180 chemical pulping 165:180 chemical pulping 165:180 Hot-water and dilute sulfuric acid pretreatments were performed prior to chemical pulping for silver/white birch (Betula pendula/B. 28494381 2 22 from conditions 312:321 arg1 material 344:351 the original wood material 326:351 the original wood material 326:351 pubescens) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) chips to determine if varying pretreatment conditions on the original wood material were detectable via attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy. 28494381 8 23 theme hemicelluloses 1565:1578 arg1 removal 1554:1560 significant removal 1542:1560 significant removal of hemicelluloses (especially hardwood xylan) and hemicelluloses-derived acetyl groups 1542:1647 Carbohydrate analyses indicated significant removal of hemicelluloses (especially hardwood xylan) and hemicelluloses-derived acetyl groups during the pretreatments, but they also confirmed the highly resistant nature of cellulose towards mild pretreatments. 28494381 7 24 theme Such 1277:1280 arg1 information 1282:1292 Such information 1277:1292 Such information 1277:1292 Such information included, for example, the cleavage of essential lignin bonds (i.e., mainly β-O-4 linkages in guaiacyl and syringyl lignin) and formation of newly condensed lignin structures under different pretreatment conditions. 28494381 1 25 dep performed 146:154 arg1 Betula 206:211 Betula 206:211 Betula 206:211 Hot-water and dilute sulfuric acid pretreatments were performed prior to chemical pulping for silver/white birch (Betula pendula/B. 28494381 5 26 theme wood 725:728 arg1 analyses 740:747 common wood chemistry analyses 718:747 common wood chemistry analyses 718:747 The spectral data were compared to those determined by common wood chemistry analyses to evaluate the suitability of ATR spectroscopy method for rapid detection of changes in the wood chemical composition caused by different pretreatment conditions. 28494381 5 27 from detection 814:822 arg1 composition 856:866 the wood chemical composition 838:866 the wood chemical composition caused by different pretreatment conditions 838:910 The spectral data were compared to those determined by common wood chemistry analyses to evaluate the suitability of ATR spectroscopy method for rapid detection of changes in the wood chemical composition caused by different pretreatment conditions. 28494381 7 28 theme pretreatment 1485:1496 arg1 conditions 1498:1507 different pretreatment conditions 1475:1507 different pretreatment conditions 1475:1507 Such information included, for example, the cleavage of essential lignin bonds (i.e., mainly β-O-4 linkages in guaiacyl and syringyl lignin) and formation of newly condensed lignin structures under different pretreatment conditions. 28494381 1 29 theme Hot-water 92:100 arg1 pretreatments 127:139 Hot-water and dilute sulfuric acid pretreatments 92:139 Hot-water and dilute sulfuric acid pretreatments 92:139 Hot-water and dilute sulfuric acid pretreatments were performed prior to chemical pulping for silver/white birch (Betula pendula/B. 28494381 6 30 theme hot-water 1122:1130 arg1 pretreatments 1143:1155 hot-water and acidic pretreatments 1122:1155 hot-water and acidic pretreatments 1122:1155 In addition to determining wood species-dependent differences in the wood chemical composition, analytical results indicated that most essential lignin- and carbohydrates-related phenomena taking place during hot-water and acidic pretreatments could be described by applying this simple spectral method requiring only a small sample amount and sample preparation. 28494381 5 31 theme rapid 808:812 arg1 detection 814:822 rapid detection 808:822 rapid detection of changes in the wood chemical composition caused by different pretreatment conditions 808:910 The spectral data were compared to those determined by common wood chemistry analyses to evaluate the suitability of ATR spectroscopy method for rapid detection of changes in the wood chemical composition caused by different pretreatment conditions. 28494381 1 32 theme dilute 106:111 arg1 acid 122:125 dilute sulfuric acid 106:125 dilute sulfuric acid 106:125 Hot-water and dilute sulfuric acid pretreatments were performed prior to chemical pulping for silver/white birch (Betula pendula/B. 28494381 4 33 from effects 555:561 arg1 composition 591:601 the composition 587:601 the composition of wood chips 587:615 The effects of the pretreatments on the composition of wood chips were determined by ATR infrared spectroscopy. 28494381 1 34 theme acid 122:125 arg1 pretreatments 127:139 Hot-water and dilute sulfuric acid pretreatments 92:139 Hot-water and dilute sulfuric acid pretreatments 92:139 Hot-water and dilute sulfuric acid pretreatments were performed prior to chemical pulping for silver/white birch (Betula pendula/B. 28494381 6 35 theme carbohydrates-related 1070:1090 arg1 phenomena 1092:1100 most essential lignin- and carbohydrates-related phenomena 1043:1100 most essential lignin- and carbohydrates-related phenomena taking place during hot-water and acidic pretreatments 1043:1155 In addition to determining wood species-dependent differences in the wood chemical composition, analytical results indicated that most essential lignin- and carbohydrates-related phenomena taking place during hot-water and acidic pretreatments could be described by applying this simple spectral method requiring only a small sample amount and sample preparation. 28494381 5 36 theme chemical 847:854 arg1 composition 856:866 the wood chemical composition 838:866 the wood chemical composition caused by different pretreatment conditions 838:910 The spectral data were compared to those determined by common wood chemistry analyses to evaluate the suitability of ATR spectroscopy method for rapid detection of changes in the wood chemical composition caused by different pretreatment conditions. 28494381 5 37 theme ATR 780:782 arg1 spectroscopy 784:795 ATR spectroscopy 780:795 ATR spectroscopy method 780:802 The spectral data were compared to those determined by common wood chemistry analyses to evaluate the suitability of ATR spectroscopy method for rapid detection of changes in the wood chemical composition caused by different pretreatment conditions. 28494381 7 38 theme bonds 1350:1354 arg1 cleavage 1321:1328 the cleavage 1317:1328 the cleavage of essential lignin bonds (i.e., mainly β-O-4 linkages in guaiacyl and syringyl lignin) 1317:1416 Such information included, for example, the cleavage of essential lignin bonds (i.e., mainly β-O-4 linkages in guaiacyl and syringyl lignin) and formation of newly condensed lignin structures under different pretreatment conditions. 28494381 7 38 theme bonds 1350:1354 arg1 formation 1422:1430 formation 1422:1430 formation of newly condensed lignin structures 1422:1467 Such information included, for example, the cleavage of essential lignin bonds (i.e., mainly β-O-4 linkages in guaiacyl and syringyl lignin) and formation of newly condensed lignin structures under different pretreatment conditions. 28494381 8 39 theme cellulose 1730:1738 arg1 nature 1720:1725 the highly resistant nature 1699:1725 the highly resistant nature of cellulose towards mild pretreatments 1699:1765 Carbohydrate analyses indicated significant removal of hemicelluloses (especially hardwood xylan) and hemicelluloses-derived acetyl groups during the pretreatments, but they also confirmed the highly resistant nature of cellulose towards mild pretreatments. 28494381 5 40 theme method 797:802 arg1 suitability 765:775 the suitability 761:775 the suitability of ATR spectroscopy method for rapid detection of changes in the wood chemical composition caused by different pretreatment conditions 761:910 The spectral data were compared to those determined by common wood chemistry analyses to evaluate the suitability of ATR spectroscopy method for rapid detection of changes in the wood chemical composition caused by different pretreatment conditions. 28494381 7 41 dep linkages 1376:1383 arg1 i.e. 1357:1360 i.e. 1357:1360 i.e. 1357:1360 Such information included, for example, the cleavage of essential lignin bonds (i.e., mainly β-O-4 linkages in guaiacyl and syringyl lignin) and formation of newly condensed lignin structures under different pretreatment conditions. 28494381 7 42 theme essential 1333:1341 arg1 bonds 1350:1354 essential lignin bonds 1333:1354 essential lignin bonds (i.e., mainly β-O-4 linkages in guaiacyl and syringyl lignin) 1333:1416 Such information included, for example, the cleavage of essential lignin bonds (i.e., mainly β-O-4 linkages in guaiacyl and syringyl lignin) and formation of newly condensed lignin structures under different pretreatment conditions. 28494381 2 43 theme wood 339:342 arg1 material 344:351 the original wood material 326:351 the original wood material 326:351 pubescens) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) chips to determine if varying pretreatment conditions on the original wood material were detectable via attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy. 28494381 3 44 dep temperature 478:488 arg1 150°C 501:505 150°C 501:505 150°C 501:505 Pretreatment conditions varied with respect to temperature (130°C and 150°C) and treatment time (from 30min to 120min). 28494381 3 44 dep temperature 478:488 arg1 130°C 491:495 130°C 491:495 130°C 491:495 Pretreatment conditions varied with respect to temperature (130°C and 150°C) and treatment time (from 30min to 120min). 28494381 5 45 theme pretreatment 888:899 arg1 conditions 901:910 different pretreatment conditions 878:910 different pretreatment conditions 878:910 The spectral data were compared to those determined by common wood chemistry analyses to evaluate the suitability of ATR spectroscopy method for rapid detection of changes in the wood chemical composition caused by different pretreatment conditions. 28494381 2 46 theme total 384:388 arg1 ATR 403:405 ATR 403:405 ATR 403:405 pubescens) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) chips to determine if varying pretreatment conditions on the original wood material were detectable via attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy. 28494381 2 46 theme total 384:388 arg1 reflectance 390:400 total reflectance 384:400 attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy 373:428 pubescens) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) chips to determine if varying pretreatment conditions on the original wood material were detectable via attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy. 28494381 4 47 theme infrared 640:647 arg1 spectroscopy 649:660 ATR infrared spectroscopy 636:660 ATR infrared spectroscopy 636:660 The effects of the pretreatments on the composition of wood chips were determined by ATR infrared spectroscopy. 28494381 4 48 theme wood 606:609 arg1 chips 611:615 wood chips 606:615 wood chips 606:615 The effects of the pretreatments on the composition of wood chips were determined by ATR infrared spectroscopy. 28494381 3 49 theme treatment 512:520 arg1 time 522:525 treatment time 512:525 treatment time (from 30min to 120min) 512:548 Pretreatment conditions varied with respect to temperature (130°C and 150°C) and treatment time (from 30min to 120min). 28494381 6 50 theme acidic 1136:1141 arg1 pretreatments 1143:1155 hot-water and acidic pretreatments 1122:1155 hot-water and acidic pretreatments 1122:1155 In addition to determining wood species-dependent differences in the wood chemical composition, analytical results indicated that most essential lignin- and carbohydrates-related phenomena taking place during hot-water and acidic pretreatments could be described by applying this simple spectral method requiring only a small sample amount and sample preparation. 28494381 8 51 theme resistant 1710:1718 arg1 nature 1720:1725 the highly resistant nature 1699:1725 the highly resistant nature of cellulose towards mild pretreatments 1699:1765 Carbohydrate analyses indicated significant removal of hemicelluloses (especially hardwood xylan) and hemicelluloses-derived acetyl groups during the pretreatments, but they also confirmed the highly resistant nature of cellulose towards mild pretreatments. 28494381 2 52 theme varying 291:297 arg1 conditions 312:321 varying pretreatment conditions 291:321 varying pretreatment conditions on the original wood material 291:351 pubescens) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) chips to determine if varying pretreatment conditions on the original wood material were detectable via attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy. 28494381 6 53 theme small 1233:1237 arg1 amount 1246:1251 only a small sample amount 1226:1251 only a small sample amount 1226:1251 In addition to determining wood species-dependent differences in the wood chemical composition, analytical results indicated that most essential lignin- and carbohydrates-related phenomena taking place during hot-water and acidic pretreatments could be described by applying this simple spectral method requiring only a small sample amount and sample preparation. 28494381 1 54 theme silver/white 186:197 arg1 birch 199:203 silver/white birch 186:203 silver/white birch 186:203 Hot-water and dilute sulfuric acid pretreatments were performed prior to chemical pulping for silver/white birch (Betula pendula/B. 28494381 0 55 theme hardwood 63:70 arg1 chips 85:89 hot-water- and dilute-acid-extracted hardwood and softwood chips 26:89 hot-water- and dilute-acid-extracted hardwood and softwood chips 26:89 Spectroscopic analysis of hot-water- and dilute-acid-extracted hardwood and softwood chips. 28494381 2 56 dep Pinus 251:255 arg1 sylvestris 257:266 Pinus sylvestris 251:266 Pinus sylvestris 251:266 pubescens) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) chips to determine if varying pretreatment conditions on the original wood material were detectable via attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy. 28494381 7 57 theme lignin 1451:1456 arg1 structures 1458:1467 newly condensed lignin structures 1435:1467 newly condensed lignin structures 1435:1467 Such information included, for example, the cleavage of essential lignin bonds (i.e., mainly β-O-4 linkages in guaiacyl and syringyl lignin) and formation of newly condensed lignin structures under different pretreatment conditions. 28494381 5 58 theme changes 827:833 arg1 detection 814:822 rapid detection 808:822 rapid detection of changes in the wood chemical composition caused by different pretreatment conditions 808:910 The spectral data were compared to those determined by common wood chemistry analyses to evaluate the suitability of ATR spectroscopy method for rapid detection of changes in the wood chemical composition caused by different pretreatment conditions. 28494381 6 59 theme wood 982:985 arg1 composition 996:1006 the wood chemical composition 978:1006 the wood chemical composition 978:1006 In addition to determining wood species-dependent differences in the wood chemical composition, analytical results indicated that most essential lignin- and carbohydrates-related phenomena taking place during hot-water and acidic pretreatments could be described by applying this simple spectral method requiring only a small sample amount and sample preparation. 28494381 6 60 theme simple 1193:1198 arg1 method 1209:1214 this simple spectral method 1188:1214 this simple spectral method requiring only a small sample amount and sample preparation 1188:1274 In addition to determining wood species-dependent differences in the wood chemical composition, analytical results indicated that most essential lignin- and carbohydrates-related phenomena taking place during hot-water and acidic pretreatments could be described by applying this simple spectral method requiring only a small sample amount and sample preparation. 28494381 5 61 theme spectral 667:674 arg1 data 676:679 The spectral data 663:679 The spectral data 663:679 The spectral data were compared to those determined by common wood chemistry analyses to evaluate the suitability of ATR spectroscopy method for rapid detection of changes in the wood chemical composition caused by different pretreatment conditions. 28494381 2 62 theme Scots 239:243 arg1 pine 245:248 Scots pine 239:248 Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) chips 239:273 pubescens) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) chips to determine if varying pretreatment conditions on the original wood material were detectable via attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy. 28494381 2 62 theme Scots 239:243 arg1 Pinus 251:255 Pinus 251:255 Pinus 251:255 pubescens) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) chips to determine if varying pretreatment conditions on the original wood material were detectable via attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy. 28494381 6 63 theme species-dependent 945:961 arg1 differences 963:973 wood species-dependent differences 940:973 wood species-dependent differences in the wood chemical composition 940:1006 In addition to determining wood species-dependent differences in the wood chemical composition, analytical results indicated that most essential lignin- and carbohydrates-related phenomena taking place during hot-water and acidic pretreatments could be described by applying this simple spectral method requiring only a small sample amount and sample preparation. 28494381 8 64 theme significant 1542:1552 arg1 removal 1554:1560 significant removal 1542:1560 significant removal of hemicelluloses (especially hardwood xylan) and hemicelluloses-derived acetyl groups 1542:1647 Carbohydrate analyses indicated significant removal of hemicelluloses (especially hardwood xylan) and hemicelluloses-derived acetyl groups during the pretreatments, but they also confirmed the highly resistant nature of cellulose towards mild pretreatments. 28494381 3 65 dep 120min 542:547 arg1 30min 533:537 30min 533:537 30min 533:537 Pretreatment conditions varied with respect to temperature (130°C and 150°C) and treatment time (from 30min to 120min). 28494381 6 66 theme lignin- 1058:1064 arg1 phenomena 1092:1100 most essential lignin- and carbohydrates-related phenomena 1043:1100 most essential lignin- and carbohydrates-related phenomena taking place during hot-water and acidic pretreatments 1043:1155 In addition to determining wood species-dependent differences in the wood chemical composition, analytical results indicated that most essential lignin- and carbohydrates-related phenomena taking place during hot-water and acidic pretreatments could be described by applying this simple spectral method requiring only a small sample amount and sample preparation. 28494381 6 67 theme sample 1257:1262 arg1 preparation 1264:1274 sample preparation 1257:1274 sample preparation 1257:1274 In addition to determining wood species-dependent differences in the wood chemical composition, analytical results indicated that most essential lignin- and carbohydrates-related phenomena taking place during hot-water and acidic pretreatments could be described by applying this simple spectral method requiring only a small sample amount and sample preparation. 28494381 0 68 theme chips 85:89 arg1 analysis 14:21 Spectroscopic analysis 0:21 Spectroscopic analysis of hot-water- and dilute-acid-extracted hardwood and softwood chips. 0:90 Spectroscopic analysis of hot-water- and dilute-acid-extracted hardwood and softwood chips. 28494381 8 69 theme acetyl 1635:1640 arg1 groups 1642:1647 hemicelluloses-derived acetyl groups 1612:1647 hemicelluloses-derived acetyl groups 1612:1647 Carbohydrate analyses indicated significant removal of hemicelluloses (especially hardwood xylan) and hemicelluloses-derived acetyl groups during the pretreatments, but they also confirmed the highly resistant nature of cellulose towards mild pretreatments. 28494381 5 70 theme different 878:886 arg1 conditions 901:910 different pretreatment conditions 878:910 different pretreatment conditions 878:910 The spectral data were compared to those determined by common wood chemistry analyses to evaluate the suitability of ATR spectroscopy method for rapid detection of changes in the wood chemical composition caused by different pretreatment conditions. 28494381 5 71 from composition 856:866 arg1 detection 814:822 rapid detection 808:822 rapid detection of changes in the wood chemical composition caused by different pretreatment conditions 808:910 The spectral data were compared to those determined by common wood chemistry analyses to evaluate the suitability of ATR spectroscopy method for rapid detection of changes in the wood chemical composition caused by different pretreatment conditions. 28494381 8 72 theme hardwood 1592:1599 arg1 xylan 1601:1605 hardwood xylan 1592:1605 especially hardwood xylan 1581:1605 Carbohydrate analyses indicated significant removal of hemicelluloses (especially hardwood xylan) and hemicelluloses-derived acetyl groups during the pretreatments, but they also confirmed the highly resistant nature of cellulose towards mild pretreatments. 28494381 5 73 theme common 718:723 arg1 analyses 740:747 common wood chemistry analyses 718:747 common wood chemistry analyses 718:747 The spectral data were compared to those determined by common wood chemistry analyses to evaluate the suitability of ATR spectroscopy method for rapid detection of changes in the wood chemical composition caused by different pretreatment conditions. 28494381 7 74 dep bonds 1350:1354 arg1 linkages 1376:1383 mainly β-O-4 linkages 1363:1383 mainly β-O-4 linkages in guaiacyl and syringyl lignin 1363:1415 Such information included, for example, the cleavage of essential lignin bonds (i.e., mainly β-O-4 linkages in guaiacyl and syringyl lignin) and formation of newly condensed lignin structures under different pretreatment conditions. 28494381 6 75 theme analytical 1009:1018 arg1 results 1020:1026 analytical results 1009:1026 analytical results 1009:1026 In addition to determining wood species-dependent differences in the wood chemical composition, analytical results indicated that most essential lignin- and carbohydrates-related phenomena taking place during hot-water and acidic pretreatments could be described by applying this simple spectral method requiring only a small sample amount and sample preparation. 28494381 5 76 theme chemistry 730:738 arg1 analyses 740:747 common wood chemistry analyses 718:747 common wood chemistry analyses 718:747 The spectral data were compared to those determined by common wood chemistry analyses to evaluate the suitability of ATR spectroscopy method for rapid detection of changes in the wood chemical composition caused by different pretreatment conditions. 28494381 7 77 theme β-O-4 1370:1374 arg1 linkages 1376:1383 mainly β-O-4 linkages 1363:1383 mainly β-O-4 linkages in guaiacyl and syringyl lignin 1363:1415 Such information included, for example, the cleavage of essential lignin bonds (i.e., mainly β-O-4 linkages in guaiacyl and syringyl lignin) and formation of newly condensed lignin structures under different pretreatment conditions. 28494381 8 78 theme hemicelluloses-derived 1612:1633 arg1 groups 1642:1647 hemicelluloses-derived acetyl groups 1612:1647 hemicelluloses-derived acetyl groups 1612:1647 Carbohydrate analyses indicated significant removal of hemicelluloses (especially hardwood xylan) and hemicelluloses-derived acetyl groups during the pretreatments, but they also confirmed the highly resistant nature of cellulose towards mild pretreatments. 28494381 8 79 theme groups 1642:1647 arg1 removal 1554:1560 significant removal 1542:1560 significant removal of hemicelluloses (especially hardwood xylan) and hemicelluloses-derived acetyl groups 1542:1647 Carbohydrate analyses indicated significant removal of hemicelluloses (especially hardwood xylan) and hemicelluloses-derived acetyl groups during the pretreatments, but they also confirmed the highly resistant nature of cellulose towards mild pretreatments. 28494381 2 80 theme reflectance 390:400 arg1 spectroscopy 417:428 attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy 373:428 attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy 373:428 pubescens) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) chips to determine if varying pretreatment conditions on the original wood material were detectable via attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy. 28494381 0 81 theme hot-water- 26:35 arg1 chips 85:89 hot-water- and dilute-acid-extracted hardwood and softwood chips 26:89 hot-water- and dilute-acid-extracted hardwood and softwood chips 26:89 Spectroscopic analysis of hot-water- and dilute-acid-extracted hardwood and softwood chips. 28494381 1 82 theme sulfuric 113:120 arg1 acid 122:125 dilute sulfuric acid 106:125 dilute sulfuric acid 106:125 Hot-water and dilute sulfuric acid pretreatments were performed prior to chemical pulping for silver/white birch (Betula pendula/B. 28494381 0 83 theme dilute-acid-extracted 41:61 arg1 chips 85:89 hot-water- and dilute-acid-extracted hardwood and softwood chips 26:89 hot-water- and dilute-acid-extracted hardwood and softwood chips 26:89 Spectroscopic analysis of hot-water- and dilute-acid-extracted hardwood and softwood chips. 28494381 7 84 theme lignin 1343:1348 arg1 bonds 1350:1354 essential lignin bonds 1333:1354 essential lignin bonds (i.e., mainly β-O-4 linkages in guaiacyl and syringyl lignin) 1333:1416 Such information included, for example, the cleavage of essential lignin bonds (i.e., mainly β-O-4 linkages in guaiacyl and syringyl lignin) and formation of newly condensed lignin structures under different pretreatment conditions. 28494381 3 85 theme Pretreatment 431:442 arg1 conditions 444:453 Pretreatment conditions 431:453 Pretreatment conditions 431:453 Pretreatment conditions varied with respect to temperature (130°C and 150°C) and treatment time (from 30min to 120min). 28494381 1 86 dep Betula 206:211 arg1 pendula/B 213:221 pendula/B 213:221 Betula pendula/B 206:221 Hot-water and dilute sulfuric acid pretreatments were performed prior to chemical pulping for silver/white birch (Betula pendula/B. 28494381 2 87 theme infrared 408:415 arg1 spectroscopy 417:428 attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy 373:428 attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy 373:428 pubescens) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) chips to determine if varying pretreatment conditions on the original wood material were detectable via attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy. 28494381 5 88 theme spectroscopy 784:795 arg1 method 797:802 ATR spectroscopy method 780:802 ATR spectroscopy method 780:802 The spectral data were compared to those determined by common wood chemistry analyses to evaluate the suitability of ATR spectroscopy method for rapid detection of changes in the wood chemical composition caused by different pretreatment conditions. 28494381 8 89 theme mild 1748:1751 arg1 pretreatments 1753:1765 mild pretreatments 1748:1765 mild pretreatments 1748:1765 Carbohydrate analyses indicated significant removal of hemicelluloses (especially hardwood xylan) and hemicelluloses-derived acetyl groups during the pretreatments, but they also confirmed the highly resistant nature of cellulose towards mild pretreatments. 28494381 6 90 from differences 963:973 arg1 composition 996:1006 the wood chemical composition 978:1006 the wood chemical composition 978:1006 In addition to determining wood species-dependent differences in the wood chemical composition, analytical results indicated that most essential lignin- and carbohydrates-related phenomena taking place during hot-water and acidic pretreatments could be described by applying this simple spectral method requiring only a small sample amount and sample preparation. 28494381 2 91 theme original 330:337 arg1 material 344:351 the original wood material 326:351 the original wood material 326:351 pubescens) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) chips to determine if varying pretreatment conditions on the original wood material were detectable via attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy. 28494381 8 92 link hemicelluloses-derived 1612:1633 arg1 groups 1642:1647 hemicelluloses-derived acetyl groups 1612:1647 hemicelluloses-derived acetyl groups 1612:1647 Carbohydrate analyses indicated significant removal of hemicelluloses (especially hardwood xylan) and hemicelluloses-derived acetyl groups during the pretreatments, but they also confirmed the highly resistant nature of cellulose towards mild pretreatments. 28494381 4 93 theme chips 611:615 arg1 composition 591:601 the composition 587:601 the composition of wood chips 587:615 The effects of the pretreatments on the composition of wood chips were determined by ATR infrared spectroscopy. 28494381 2 94 theme attenuated 373:382 arg1 spectroscopy 417:428 attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy 373:428 attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy 373:428 pubescens) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) chips to determine if varying pretreatment conditions on the original wood material were detectable via attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy. 27164502 2 0 from effect 362:367 arg1 composition 387:397 gut microbiota composition 372:397 gut microbiota composition 372:397 Recently, CS has been demonstrated to be readily degraded and fermented in vitro by specific human gut microbes, hinting that dietary CS may pose a potential effect on gut microbiota composition in vivo. 27164502 5 1 theme female 721:726 arg1 microbiota 728:737 the female microbiota 717:737 the female microbiota 717:737 As evidenced by Heatmap and principal component analysis (PCA), the female microbiota were more vulnerable than the male microbiota to CS and CSO treatment. 27164502 5 1 theme female 721:726 arg1 vulnerable 749:758 vulnerable 749:758 vulnerable 749:758 As evidenced by Heatmap and principal component analysis (PCA), the female microbiota were more vulnerable than the male microbiota to CS and CSO treatment. 27164502 2 2 theme gut 303:305 arg1 microbes 307:314 specific human gut microbes 288:314 specific human gut microbes 288:314 Recently, CS has been demonstrated to be readily degraded and fermented in vitro by specific human gut microbes, hinting that dietary CS may pose a potential effect on gut microbiota composition in vivo. 27164502 7 3 theme gut 1087:1089 arg1 microbiota 1091:1100 gut microbiota 1087:1100 gut microbiota of CS and CSO 1087:1114 Collectively, we demonstrated a sex-dependent effect on gut microbiota of CS and CSO. 27164502 3 4 theme little 428:433 arg1 information 435:445 little information 428:445 little information 428:445 However, until now, little information is available on modulations of gut microbiota by CS. 27164502 8 5 theme certain 1220:1226 arg1 effects 1239:1245 certain beneficial effects 1220:1245 certain beneficial effects of CS 1220:1251 In addition, since gut microbiota exerts a major effect on host physiology, our study highlighted that certain beneficial effects of CS may be associated with modulations of gut microbiota, which merits further investigation. 27164502 6 6 contain had 862:864 arg1 CSO 858:860 CSO 858:860 CSO 858:860 Besides, it is of interest to found that CS and CSO had differing effects on the abundance of Bacteroidales S24-7, Bacteroides, Helicobacter, Odoribacter, Prevotellaceae and Lactobacillus in male mice versus female mice. 27164502 6 6 contain had 862:864 arg1 CS 851:852 CS 851:852 CS 851:852 Besides, it is of interest to found that CS and CSO had differing effects on the abundance of Bacteroidales S24-7, Bacteroides, Helicobacter, Odoribacter, Prevotellaceae and Lactobacillus in male mice versus female mice. 27164502 6 6 contain had 862:864 arg2 effects 876:882 differing effects 866:882 differing effects 866:882 Besides, it is of interest to found that CS and CSO had differing effects on the abundance of Bacteroidales S24-7, Bacteroides, Helicobacter, Odoribacter, Prevotellaceae and Lactobacillus in male mice versus female mice. 27164502 3 7 theme microbiota 482:491 arg1 modulations 463:473 modulations 463:473 modulations of gut microbiota by CS 463:497 However, until now, little information is available on modulations of gut microbiota by CS. 27164502 1 8 theme symptomatic 143:153 arg1 drug 174:177 a symptomatic slow acting (SYSA) drug 141:177 a symptomatic slow acting (SYSA) drug 141:177 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) as a dietary supplement and a symptomatic slow acting (SYSA) drug has been used for years. 27164502 6 9 from mice 1025:1028 arg1 abundance 891:899 the abundance 887:899 the abundance of Bacteroidales S24-7, Bacteroides, Helicobacter, Odoribacter, Prevotellaceae and Lactobacillus in male mice versus female mice 887:1028 Besides, it is of interest to found that CS and CSO had differing effects on the abundance of Bacteroidales S24-7, Bacteroides, Helicobacter, Odoribacter, Prevotellaceae and Lactobacillus in male mice versus female mice. 27164502 8 10 theme host 1176:1179 arg1 physiology 1181:1190 host physiology 1176:1190 host physiology 1176:1190 In addition, since gut microbiota exerts a major effect on host physiology, our study highlighted that certain beneficial effects of CS may be associated with modulations of gut microbiota, which merits further investigation. 27164502 5 11 theme CSO 795:797 arg1 treatment 799:807 CSO treatment 795:807 CSO treatment 795:807 As evidenced by Heatmap and principal component analysis (PCA), the female microbiota were more vulnerable than the male microbiota to CS and CSO treatment. 27164502 6 12 theme Bacteroidales 904:916 arg1 abundance 891:899 the abundance 887:899 the abundance of Bacteroidales S24-7, Bacteroides, Helicobacter, Odoribacter, Prevotellaceae and Lactobacillus in male mice versus female mice 887:1028 Besides, it is of interest to found that CS and CSO had differing effects on the abundance of Bacteroidales S24-7, Bacteroides, Helicobacter, Odoribacter, Prevotellaceae and Lactobacillus in male mice versus female mice. 27164502 1 13 theme slow 155:158 arg1 drug 174:177 a symptomatic slow acting (SYSA) drug 141:177 a symptomatic slow acting (SYSA) drug 141:177 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) as a dietary supplement and a symptomatic slow acting (SYSA) drug has been used for years. 27164502 0 14 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 modulation 11:20 Structural modulation 0:20 Structural modulation of gut microbiota by chondroitin sulfate and its oligosaccharide. 0:86 Structural modulation of gut microbiota by chondroitin sulfate and its oligosaccharide. 27164502 2 15 theme dietary 330:336 arg1 CS 338:339 dietary CS 330:339 dietary CS 330:339 Recently, CS has been demonstrated to be readily degraded and fermented in vitro by specific human gut microbes, hinting that dietary CS may pose a potential effect on gut microbiota composition in vivo. 27164502 2 16 theme microbiota 376:385 arg1 composition 387:397 gut microbiota composition 372:397 gut microbiota composition 372:397 Recently, CS has been demonstrated to be readily degraded and fermented in vitro by specific human gut microbes, hinting that dietary CS may pose a potential effect on gut microbiota composition in vivo. 27164502 6 17 theme Helicobacter 938:949 arg1 abundance 891:899 the abundance 887:899 the abundance of Bacteroidales S24-7, Bacteroides, Helicobacter, Odoribacter, Prevotellaceae and Lactobacillus in male mice versus female mice 887:1028 Besides, it is of interest to found that CS and CSO had differing effects on the abundance of Bacteroidales S24-7, Bacteroides, Helicobacter, Odoribacter, Prevotellaceae and Lactobacillus in male mice versus female mice. 27164502 6 18 from abundance 891:899 arg1 mice 1006:1009 male mice 1001:1009 male mice 1001:1009 Besides, it is of interest to found that CS and CSO had differing effects on the abundance of Bacteroidales S24-7, Bacteroides, Helicobacter, Odoribacter, Prevotellaceae and Lactobacillus in male mice versus female mice. 27164502 6 18 from abundance 891:899 arg1 mice 1025:1028 female mice 1018:1028 female mice 1018:1028 Besides, it is of interest to found that CS and CSO had differing effects on the abundance of Bacteroidales S24-7, Bacteroides, Helicobacter, Odoribacter, Prevotellaceae and Lactobacillus in male mice versus female mice. 27164502 1 19 theme Chondroitin 88:98 arg1 sulfate 100:106 Chondroitin sulfate 88:106 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) as a dietary supplement and a symptomatic slow acting (SYSA) drug 88:177 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) as a dietary supplement and a symptomatic slow acting (SYSA) drug has been used for years. 27164502 1 19 theme Chondroitin 88:98 arg1 CS 109:110 CS 109:110 CS 109:110 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) as a dietary supplement and a symptomatic slow acting (SYSA) drug has been used for years. 27164502 4 20 from mice 563:566 arg1 modulations 522:532 modulations 522:532 modulations of gut microbiota in Kunming mice by CS and its oligosaccharide (CSO) 522:602 In the present study, modulations of gut microbiota in Kunming mice by CS and its oligosaccharide (CSO) were investigated by high-throughput sequencing. 27164502 2 21 theme gut 372:374 arg1 composition 387:397 gut microbiota composition 372:397 gut microbiota composition 372:397 Recently, CS has been demonstrated to be readily degraded and fermented in vitro by specific human gut microbes, hinting that dietary CS may pose a potential effect on gut microbiota composition in vivo. 27164502 8 22 theme further 1320:1326 arg1 investigation 1328:1340 further investigation 1320:1340 further investigation 1320:1340 In addition, since gut microbiota exerts a major effect on host physiology, our study highlighted that certain beneficial effects of CS may be associated with modulations of gut microbiota, which merits further investigation. 27164502 4 23 theme high-throughput 625:639 arg1 sequencing 641:650 high-throughput sequencing 625:650 high-throughput sequencing 625:650 In the present study, modulations of gut microbiota in Kunming mice by CS and its oligosaccharide (CSO) were investigated by high-throughput sequencing. 27164502 1 24 theme SYSA 168:171 arg1 drug 174:177 a symptomatic slow acting (SYSA) drug 141:177 a symptomatic slow acting (SYSA) drug 141:177 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) as a dietary supplement and a symptomatic slow acting (SYSA) drug has been used for years. 27164502 0 25 theme gut 25:27 arg1 microbiota 29:38 gut microbiota 25:38 gut microbiota 25:38 Structural modulation of gut microbiota by chondroitin sulfate and its oligosaccharide. 27164502 8 26 theme microbiota 1295:1304 arg1 modulations 1276:1286 modulations 1276:1286 modulations 1276:1286 In addition, since gut microbiota exerts a major effect on host physiology, our study highlighted that certain beneficial effects of CS may be associated with modulations of gut microbiota, which merits further investigation. 27164502 3 27 theme gut 478:480 arg1 microbiota 482:491 gut microbiota 478:491 gut microbiota 478:491 However, until now, little information is available on modulations of gut microbiota by CS. 27164502 6 28 from mice 1006:1009 arg1 abundance 891:899 the abundance 887:899 the abundance of Bacteroidales S24-7, Bacteroides, Helicobacter, Odoribacter, Prevotellaceae and Lactobacillus in male mice versus female mice 887:1028 Besides, it is of interest to found that CS and CSO had differing effects on the abundance of Bacteroidales S24-7, Bacteroides, Helicobacter, Odoribacter, Prevotellaceae and Lactobacillus in male mice versus female mice. 27164502 2 29 theme potential 352:360 arg1 effect 362:367 a potential effect 350:367 a potential effect on gut microbiota composition 350:397 Recently, CS has been demonstrated to be readily degraded and fermented in vitro by specific human gut microbes, hinting that dietary CS may pose a potential effect on gut microbiota composition in vivo. 27164502 6 30 theme female 1018:1023 arg1 mice 1025:1028 female mice 1018:1028 female mice 1018:1028 Besides, it is of interest to found that CS and CSO had differing effects on the abundance of Bacteroidales S24-7, Bacteroides, Helicobacter, Odoribacter, Prevotellaceae and Lactobacillus in male mice versus female mice. 27164502 8 31 theme gut 1291:1293 arg1 microbiota 1295:1304 gut microbiota 1291:1304 gut microbiota 1291:1304 In addition, since gut microbiota exerts a major effect on host physiology, our study highlighted that certain beneficial effects of CS may be associated with modulations of gut microbiota, which merits further investigation. 27164502 2 32 theme human 297:301 arg1 microbes 307:314 specific human gut microbes 288:314 specific human gut microbes 288:314 Recently, CS has been demonstrated to be readily degraded and fermented in vitro by specific human gut microbes, hinting that dietary CS may pose a potential effect on gut microbiota composition in vivo. 27164502 4 33 from microbiota 541:550 arg1 mice 563:566 Kunming mice 555:566 Kunming mice 555:566 In the present study, modulations of gut microbiota in Kunming mice by CS and its oligosaccharide (CSO) were investigated by high-throughput sequencing. 27164502 4 34 theme gut 537:539 arg1 microbiota 541:550 gut microbiota 537:550 gut microbiota in Kunming mice 537:566 In the present study, modulations of gut microbiota in Kunming mice by CS and its oligosaccharide (CSO) were investigated by high-throughput sequencing. 27164502 5 35 theme principal 681:689 arg1 analysis 701:708 principal component analysis 681:708 principal component analysis (PCA) 681:714 As evidenced by Heatmap and principal component analysis (PCA), the female microbiota were more vulnerable than the male microbiota to CS and CSO treatment. 27164502 5 35 theme principal 681:689 arg1 PCA 711:713 PCA 711:713 PCA 711:713 As evidenced by Heatmap and principal component analysis (PCA), the female microbiota were more vulnerable than the male microbiota to CS and CSO treatment. 27164502 7 36 theme CSO 1112:1114 arg1 microbiota 1091:1100 gut microbiota 1087:1100 gut microbiota of CS and CSO 1087:1114 Collectively, we demonstrated a sex-dependent effect on gut microbiota of CS and CSO. 27164502 7 37 from effect 1077:1082 arg1 microbiota 1091:1100 gut microbiota 1087:1100 gut microbiota of CS and CSO 1087:1114 Collectively, we demonstrated a sex-dependent effect on gut microbiota of CS and CSO. 27164502 5 38 theme male 769:772 arg1 microbiota 774:783 the male microbiota 765:783 the male microbiota 765:783 As evidenced by Heatmap and principal component analysis (PCA), the female microbiota were more vulnerable than the male microbiota to CS and CSO treatment. 27164502 4 39 theme Kunming 555:561 arg1 mice 563:566 Kunming mice 555:566 Kunming mice 555:566 In the present study, modulations of gut microbiota in Kunming mice by CS and its oligosaccharide (CSO) were investigated by high-throughput sequencing. 27164502 0 40 theme microbiota 29:38 arg1 modulation 11:20 Structural modulation 0:20 Structural modulation of gut microbiota by chondroitin sulfate and its oligosaccharide. 0:86 Structural modulation of gut microbiota by chondroitin sulfate and its oligosaccharide. 27164502 5 41 theme component 691:699 arg1 analysis 701:708 principal component analysis 681:708 principal component analysis (PCA) 681:714 As evidenced by Heatmap and principal component analysis (PCA), the female microbiota were more vulnerable than the male microbiota to CS and CSO treatment. 27164502 5 41 theme component 691:699 arg1 PCA 711:713 PCA 711:713 PCA 711:713 As evidenced by Heatmap and principal component analysis (PCA), the female microbiota were more vulnerable than the male microbiota to CS and CSO treatment. 27164502 7 42 theme sex-dependent 1063:1075 arg1 effect 1077:1082 a sex-dependent effect 1061:1082 a sex-dependent effect on gut microbiota of CS and CSO 1061:1114 Collectively, we demonstrated a sex-dependent effect on gut microbiota of CS and CSO. 27164502 4 43 from modulations 522:532 arg1 mice 563:566 Kunming mice 555:566 Kunming mice 555:566 In the present study, modulations of gut microbiota in Kunming mice by CS and its oligosaccharide (CSO) were investigated by high-throughput sequencing. 27164502 2 44 theme specific 288:295 arg1 microbes 307:314 specific human gut microbes 288:314 specific human gut microbes 288:314 Recently, CS has been demonstrated to be readily degraded and fermented in vitro by specific human gut microbes, hinting that dietary CS may pose a potential effect on gut microbiota composition in vivo. 27164502 0 45 theme chondroitin 43:53 arg1 sulfate 55:61 chondroitin sulfate 43:61 chondroitin sulfate 43:61 Structural modulation of gut microbiota by chondroitin sulfate and its oligosaccharide. 27164502 8 46 theme CS 1250:1251 arg1 effects 1239:1245 certain beneficial effects 1220:1245 certain beneficial effects of CS 1220:1251 In addition, since gut microbiota exerts a major effect on host physiology, our study highlighted that certain beneficial effects of CS may be associated with modulations of gut microbiota, which merits further investigation. 27164502 8 47 theme gut 1136:1138 arg1 microbiota 1140:1149 gut microbiota 1136:1149 gut microbiota 1136:1149 In addition, since gut microbiota exerts a major effect on host physiology, our study highlighted that certain beneficial effects of CS may be associated with modulations of gut microbiota, which merits further investigation. 27164502 6 48 theme Lactobacillus 984:996 arg1 abundance 891:899 the abundance 887:899 the abundance of Bacteroidales S24-7, Bacteroides, Helicobacter, Odoribacter, Prevotellaceae and Lactobacillus in male mice versus female mice 887:1028 Besides, it is of interest to found that CS and CSO had differing effects on the abundance of Bacteroidales S24-7, Bacteroides, Helicobacter, Odoribacter, Prevotellaceae and Lactobacillus in male mice versus female mice. 27164502 8 49 theme beneficial 1228:1237 arg1 effects 1239:1245 certain beneficial effects 1220:1245 certain beneficial effects of CS 1220:1251 In addition, since gut microbiota exerts a major effect on host physiology, our study highlighted that certain beneficial effects of CS may be associated with modulations of gut microbiota, which merits further investigation. 27164502 1 50 theme dietary 118:124 arg1 supplement 126:135 a dietary supplement 116:135 a dietary supplement 116:135 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) as a dietary supplement and a symptomatic slow acting (SYSA) drug has been used for years. 27164502 6 51 theme male 1001:1004 arg1 mice 1006:1009 male mice 1001:1009 male mice 1001:1009 Besides, it is of interest to found that CS and CSO had differing effects on the abundance of Bacteroidales S24-7, Bacteroides, Helicobacter, Odoribacter, Prevotellaceae and Lactobacillus in male mice versus female mice. 27164502 1 52 used used 188:191 arg2 CS 109:110 CS 109:110 CS 109:110 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) as a dietary supplement and a symptomatic slow acting (SYSA) drug has been used for years. 27164502 1 52 used used 188:191 arg2 sulfate 100:106 Chondroitin sulfate 88:106 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) as a dietary supplement and a symptomatic slow acting (SYSA) drug 88:177 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) as a dietary supplement and a symptomatic slow acting (SYSA) drug has been used for years. 27164502 4 53 theme microbiota 541:550 arg1 modulations 522:532 modulations 522:532 modulations of gut microbiota in Kunming mice by CS and its oligosaccharide (CSO) 522:602 In the present study, modulations of gut microbiota in Kunming mice by CS and its oligosaccharide (CSO) were investigated by high-throughput sequencing. 27164502 6 54 theme Prevotellaceae 965:978 arg1 abundance 891:899 the abundance 887:899 the abundance of Bacteroidales S24-7, Bacteroides, Helicobacter, Odoribacter, Prevotellaceae and Lactobacillus in male mice versus female mice 887:1028 Besides, it is of interest to found that CS and CSO had differing effects on the abundance of Bacteroidales S24-7, Bacteroides, Helicobacter, Odoribacter, Prevotellaceae and Lactobacillus in male mice versus female mice. 27164502 1 55 theme acting 160:165 arg1 drug 174:177 a symptomatic slow acting (SYSA) drug 141:177 a symptomatic slow acting (SYSA) drug 141:177 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) as a dietary supplement and a symptomatic slow acting (SYSA) drug has been used for years. 27164502 4 56 theme present 507:513 arg1 study 515:519 the present study 503:519 the present study 503:519 In the present study, modulations of gut microbiota in Kunming mice by CS and its oligosaccharide (CSO) were investigated by high-throughput sequencing. 27164502 8 57 theme major 1160:1164 arg1 effect 1166:1171 a major effect 1158:1171 a major effect 1158:1171 In addition, since gut microbiota exerts a major effect on host physiology, our study highlighted that certain beneficial effects of CS may be associated with modulations of gut microbiota, which merits further investigation. 27164502 7 58 theme CS 1105:1106 arg1 microbiota 1091:1100 gut microbiota 1087:1100 gut microbiota of CS and CSO 1087:1114 Collectively, we demonstrated a sex-dependent effect on gut microbiota of CS and CSO. 27164502 6 59 theme differing 866:874 arg1 effects 876:882 differing effects 866:882 differing effects 866:882 Besides, it is of interest to found that CS and CSO had differing effects on the abundance of Bacteroidales S24-7, Bacteroides, Helicobacter, Odoribacter, Prevotellaceae and Lactobacillus in male mice versus female mice. 25897219 9 0 theme protein 1834:1840 arg1 levels 1796:1801 the expression levels 1781:1801 the expression levels of NF-κB p65 messenger RNA and protein in the cells transfected with DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles 1781:1901 This led to significantly high levels of suppression on the expression levels of NF-κB p65 messenger RNA and protein in the cells transfected with DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles. 25897219 10 1 theme activation 2050:2059 arg1 inhibition 2030:2039 the inhibition 2026:2039 the inhibition of NF-κB activation in hRPE cells 2026:2073 This work provides a potential approach to promote hyperbranched polysaccharide derivatives as nonviral siRNA vectors for the inhibition of NF-κB activation in hRPE cells. 25897219 1 2 theme factor-kappa 305:316 arg1 activation 328:337 nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation 283:337 nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells for the gene therapy of diabetic retinopathy 283:431 A hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-mediated small interfering (si)RNA interference strategy was proposed to inhibit nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells for the gene therapy of diabetic retinopathy. 25897219 6 3 theme higher 1344:1349 arg1 architecture 1361:1372 higher branching architecture 1344:1372 higher branching architecture 1344:1372 The particle sizes of the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles (70-120 nm) were smaller than those of the DMAPA-Amp/siRNA nanoparticles (130-180 nm) due to the higher branching architecture and lower molecular weight of the DMAPA-Glyp derivative. 25897219 2 4 theme DMAPA-Amp 692:700 arg1 derivatives 703:713 amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives 679:713 amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives 679:713 Two hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives containing the same amount of cationic residues, but with different branching structures and molecular weights, including 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen (DMAPA-Glyp) and amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives, were developed for the efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA into hRPE cells. 25897219 10 5 from activation 2050:2059 arg1 cells 2069:2073 hRPE cells 2064:2073 hRPE cells 2064:2073 This work provides a potential approach to promote hyperbranched polysaccharide derivatives as nonviral siRNA vectors for the inhibition of NF-κB activation in hRPE cells. 25897219 2 6 theme amylopectin 679:689 arg1 derivatives 703:713 amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives 679:713 amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives 679:713 Two hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives containing the same amount of cationic residues, but with different branching structures and molecular weights, including 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen (DMAPA-Glyp) and amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives, were developed for the efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA into hRPE cells. 25897219 9 7 theme p65 1812:1814 arg1 RNA 1826:1828 NF-κB p65 messenger RNA 1806:1828 NF-κB p65 messenger RNA 1806:1828 This led to significantly high levels of suppression on the expression levels of NF-κB p65 messenger RNA and protein in the cells transfected with DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles. 25897219 7 8 theme DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA 1471:1486 arg1 nanoparticles 1488:1500 the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles 1467:1500 the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles 1467:1500 In addition, the zeta potentials of the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles were higher than those of the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles. 25897219 6 9 theme derivative 1419:1428 arg1 weight 1394:1399 lower molecular weight 1378:1399 lower molecular weight 1378:1399 The particle sizes of the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles (70-120 nm) were smaller than those of the DMAPA-Amp/siRNA nanoparticles (130-180 nm) due to the higher branching architecture and lower molecular weight of the DMAPA-Glyp derivative. 25897219 6 9 theme derivative 1419:1428 arg1 architecture 1361:1372 higher branching architecture 1344:1372 higher branching architecture 1344:1372 The particle sizes of the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles (70-120 nm) were smaller than those of the DMAPA-Amp/siRNA nanoparticles (130-180 nm) due to the higher branching architecture and lower molecular weight of the DMAPA-Glyp derivative. 25897219 5 10 theme 25 1166:1167 arg1 % 1168:1168 % 1168:1168 % 1168:1168 Both DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA and DMAPA-Amp/siRNA nanoparticles were able to protect siRNA from degradation by nuclease in 25% fetal bovine serum. 25897219 1 11 theme interference 237:248 arg1 strategy 250:257 A hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-mediated small interfering (si)RNA interference strategy 151:257 A hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-mediated small interfering (si)RNA interference strategy 151:257 A hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-mediated small interfering (si)RNA interference strategy was proposed to inhibit nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells for the gene therapy of diabetic retinopathy. 25897219 9 12 from levels 1796:1801 arg1 cells 1849:1853 the cells 1845:1853 the cells transfected with DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles 1845:1901 This led to significantly high levels of suppression on the expression levels of NF-κB p65 messenger RNA and protein in the cells transfected with DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles. 25897219 9 12 from levels 1796:1801 arg1 levels 1756:1761 significantly high levels 1737:1761 significantly high levels of suppression on the expression levels of NF-κB p65 messenger RNA and protein in the cells transfected with DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles 1737:1901 This led to significantly high levels of suppression on the expression levels of NF-κB p65 messenger RNA and protein in the cells transfected with DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles. 25897219 9 13 theme RNA 1826:1828 arg1 levels 1796:1801 the expression levels 1781:1801 the expression levels of NF-κB p65 messenger RNA and protein in the cells transfected with DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles 1781:1901 This led to significantly high levels of suppression on the expression levels of NF-κB p65 messenger RNA and protein in the cells transfected with DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles. 25897219 1 14 theme retinopathy 421:431 arg1 therapy 401:407 the gene therapy 392:407 the gene therapy of diabetic retinopathy 392:431 A hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-mediated small interfering (si)RNA interference strategy was proposed to inhibit nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells for the gene therapy of diabetic retinopathy. 25897219 2 15 theme -1-propylamine-conjugated 627:651 arg1 DMAPA-Glyp 663:672 DMAPA-Glyp 663:672 DMAPA-Glyp 663:672 Two hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives containing the same amount of cationic residues, but with different branching structures and molecular weights, including 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen (DMAPA-Glyp) and amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives, were developed for the efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA into hRPE cells. 25897219 2 15 theme -1-propylamine-conjugated 627:651 arg1 glycogen 653:660 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen 610:660 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen (DMAPA-Glyp) 610:673 Two hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives containing the same amount of cationic residues, but with different branching structures and molecular weights, including 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen (DMAPA-Glyp) and amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives, were developed for the efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA into hRPE cells. 25897219 7 16 theme zeta 1448:1451 arg1 potentials 1453:1462 the zeta potentials 1444:1462 the zeta potentials of the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles 1444:1500 In addition, the zeta potentials of the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles were higher than those of the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles. 25897219 7 16 theme zeta 1448:1451 arg1 higher 1507:1512 higher 1507:1512 higher 1507:1512 In addition, the zeta potentials of the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles were higher than those of the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles. 25897219 2 17 theme NF-κB 761:765 arg1 siRNA 767:771 NF-κB siRNA 761:771 NF-κB siRNA 761:771 Two hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives containing the same amount of cationic residues, but with different branching structures and molecular weights, including 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen (DMAPA-Glyp) and amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives, were developed for the efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA into hRPE cells. 25897219 3 18 theme lower 823:827 arg1 toxicity 829:836 lower toxicity 823:836 lower toxicity 823:836 The DMAPA-Glyp derivative showed lower toxicity against hRPE cells. 25897219 9 19 from suppression 1766:1776 arg1 levels 1796:1801 the expression levels 1781:1801 the expression levels of NF-κB p65 messenger RNA and protein in the cells transfected with DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles 1781:1901 This led to significantly high levels of suppression on the expression levels of NF-κB p65 messenger RNA and protein in the cells transfected with DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles. 25897219 4 20 theme higher 978:983 arg1 architecture 995:1006 its higher branching architecture 974:1006 its higher branching architecture 974:1006 Furthermore, the DMAPA-Glyp derivative more readily condensed siRNA and then formed the nanoparticles attributed to its higher branching architecture when compared to the DMAPA-Amp derivative. 25897219 6 21 theme DMAPA-Amp/siRNA 1290:1304 arg1 nanoparticles 1306:1318 the DMAPA-Amp/siRNA nanoparticles 1286:1318 the DMAPA-Amp/siRNA nanoparticles (130-180 nm) due to the higher branching architecture and lower molecular weight of the DMAPA-Glyp derivative 1286:1428 The particle sizes of the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles (70-120 nm) were smaller than those of the DMAPA-Amp/siRNA nanoparticles (130-180 nm) due to the higher branching architecture and lower molecular weight of the DMAPA-Glyp derivative. 25897219 6 21 theme DMAPA-Amp/siRNA 1290:1304 arg1 nm 1329:1330 130-180 nm 1321:1330 130-180 nm 1321:1330 The particle sizes of the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles (70-120 nm) were smaller than those of the DMAPA-Amp/siRNA nanoparticles (130-180 nm) due to the higher branching architecture and lower molecular weight of the DMAPA-Glyp derivative. 25897219 2 22 contain containing 488:497 arg2 residues 527:534 cationic residues 518:534 cationic residues 518:534 Two hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives containing the same amount of cationic residues, but with different branching structures and molecular weights, including 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen (DMAPA-Glyp) and amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives, were developed for the efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA into hRPE cells. 25897219 2 22 contain containing 488:497 arg1 glycogen 653:660 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen 610:660 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen (DMAPA-Glyp) 610:673 Two hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives containing the same amount of cationic residues, but with different branching structures and molecular weights, including 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen (DMAPA-Glyp) and amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives, were developed for the efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA into hRPE cells. 25897219 2 22 contain containing 488:497 arg1 derivatives 476:486 Two hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives 434:486 Two hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives 434:486 Two hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives containing the same amount of cationic residues, but with different branching structures and molecular weights, including 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen (DMAPA-Glyp) and amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives, were developed for the efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA into hRPE cells. 25897219 2 22 contain containing 488:497 arg2 amount 508:513 the same amount 499:513 the same amount of cationic residues, but with different branching structures and molecular weights 499:597 Two hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives containing the same amount of cationic residues, but with different branching structures and molecular weights, including 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen (DMAPA-Glyp) and amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives, were developed for the efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA into hRPE cells. 25897219 2 22 contain containing 488:497 arg1 derivatives 703:713 amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives 679:713 amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives 679:713 Two hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives containing the same amount of cationic residues, but with different branching structures and molecular weights, including 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen (DMAPA-Glyp) and amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives, were developed for the efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA into hRPE cells. 25897219 6 23 theme lower 1378:1382 arg1 weight 1394:1399 lower molecular weight 1378:1399 lower molecular weight 1378:1399 The particle sizes of the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles (70-120 nm) were smaller than those of the DMAPA-Amp/siRNA nanoparticles (130-180 nm) due to the higher branching architecture and lower molecular weight of the DMAPA-Glyp derivative. 25897219 10 24 theme polysaccharide 1969:1982 arg1 derivatives 1984:1994 hyperbranched polysaccharide derivatives 1955:1994 hyperbranched polysaccharide derivatives as nonviral siRNA vectors for the inhibition of NF-κB activation in hRPE cells 1955:2073 This work provides a potential approach to promote hyperbranched polysaccharide derivatives as nonviral siRNA vectors for the inhibition of NF-κB activation in hRPE cells. 25897219 1 25 theme hyperbranched 153:165 arg1 polysaccharide 176:189 A hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide 151:189 A hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-mediated small interfering (si)RNA interference strategy 151:257 A hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-mediated small interfering (si)RNA interference strategy was proposed to inhibit nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells for the gene therapy of diabetic retinopathy. 25897219 2 26 theme different 546:554 arg1 structures 566:575 different branching structures 546:575 different branching structures 546:575 Two hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives containing the same amount of cationic residues, but with different branching structures and molecular weights, including 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen (DMAPA-Glyp) and amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives, were developed for the efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA into hRPE cells. 25897219 0 27 theme pigment 51:57 arg1 cells 70:74 human retinal pigment epithelial cells 37:74 human retinal pigment epithelial cells with hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-based nanoparticles 37:148 Efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA to human retinal pigment epithelial cells with hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-based nanoparticles. 25897219 1 28 theme polysaccharide 176:189 arg1 interference 237:248 A hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-mediated small interfering (si)RNA interference 151:248 A hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-mediated small interfering (si)RNA interference strategy 151:257 A hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-mediated small interfering (si)RNA interference strategy was proposed to inhibit nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells for the gene therapy of diabetic retinopathy. 25897219 9 29 theme DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA 1872:1887 arg1 nanoparticles 1889:1901 DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles 1872:1901 DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles 1872:1901 This led to significantly high levels of suppression on the expression levels of NF-κB p65 messenger RNA and protein in the cells transfected with DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles. 25897219 1 30 theme small 211:215 arg1 RNA 233:235 small interfering (si)RNA 211:235 A hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-mediated small interfering (si)RNA interference strategy 151:257 A hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-mediated small interfering (si)RNA interference strategy was proposed to inhibit nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells for the gene therapy of diabetic retinopathy. 25897219 2 31 theme molecular 581:589 arg1 weights 591:597 molecular weights 581:597 molecular weights 581:597 Two hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives containing the same amount of cationic residues, but with different branching structures and molecular weights, including 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen (DMAPA-Glyp) and amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives, were developed for the efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA into hRPE cells. 25897219 0 32 theme hyperbranched 81:93 arg1 nanoparticles 136:148 hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-based nanoparticles 81:148 hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-based nanoparticles 81:148 Efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA to human retinal pigment epithelial cells with hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-based nanoparticles. 25897219 0 33 theme polysaccharide 104:117 arg1 nanoparticles 136:148 hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-based nanoparticles 81:148 hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-based nanoparticles 81:148 Efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA to human retinal pigment epithelial cells with hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-based nanoparticles. 25897219 1 34 theme gene 396:399 arg1 therapy 401:407 the gene therapy 392:407 the gene therapy of diabetic retinopathy 392:431 A hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-mediated small interfering (si)RNA interference strategy was proposed to inhibit nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells for the gene therapy of diabetic retinopathy. 25897219 2 35 theme same 503:506 arg1 amount 508:513 the same amount 499:513 the same amount of cationic residues, but with different branching structures and molecular weights 499:597 Two hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives containing the same amount of cationic residues, but with different branching structures and molecular weights, including 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen (DMAPA-Glyp) and amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives, were developed for the efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA into hRPE cells. 25897219 2 35 theme same 503:506 arg1 residues 527:534 cationic residues 518:534 cationic residues 518:534 Two hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives containing the same amount of cationic residues, but with different branching structures and molecular weights, including 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen (DMAPA-Glyp) and amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives, were developed for the efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA into hRPE cells. 25897219 8 36 theme hRPE 1626:1629 arg1 cells 1631:1635 hRPE cells 1626:1635 hRPE cells using the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles rather than the DMAPA-Amp/siRNA nanoparticles 1626:1722 As a result, siRNA was much more efficiently transferred into hRPE cells using the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles rather than the DMAPA-Amp/siRNA nanoparticles. 25897219 0 37 theme Efficient 0:8 arg1 delivery 10:17 Efficient delivery 0:17 Efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA to human retinal pigment epithelial cells with hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-based nanoparticles. 0:149 Efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA to human retinal pigment epithelial cells with hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-based nanoparticles. 25897219 1 38 theme NF-κB 321:325 arg1 activation 328:337 nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation 283:337 nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells for the gene therapy of diabetic retinopathy 283:431 A hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-mediated small interfering (si)RNA interference strategy was proposed to inhibit nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells for the gene therapy of diabetic retinopathy. 25897219 9 39 theme expression 1785:1794 arg1 levels 1796:1801 the expression levels 1781:1801 the expression levels of NF-κB p65 messenger RNA and protein in the cells transfected with DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles 1781:1901 This led to significantly high levels of suppression on the expression levels of NF-κB p65 messenger RNA and protein in the cells transfected with DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles. 25897219 2 40 theme polysaccharide 461:474 arg1 glycogen 653:660 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen 610:660 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen (DMAPA-Glyp) 610:673 Two hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives containing the same amount of cationic residues, but with different branching structures and molecular weights, including 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen (DMAPA-Glyp) and amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives, were developed for the efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA into hRPE cells. 25897219 2 40 theme polysaccharide 461:474 arg1 derivatives 476:486 Two hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives 434:486 Two hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives 434:486 Two hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives containing the same amount of cationic residues, but with different branching structures and molecular weights, including 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen (DMAPA-Glyp) and amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives, were developed for the efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA into hRPE cells. 25897219 2 40 theme polysaccharide 461:474 arg1 derivatives 703:713 amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives 679:713 amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives 679:713 Two hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives containing the same amount of cationic residues, but with different branching structures and molecular weights, including 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen (DMAPA-Glyp) and amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives, were developed for the efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA into hRPE cells. 25897219 2 41 theme residues 527:534 arg1 amount 508:513 the same amount 499:513 the same amount of cationic residues, but with different branching structures and molecular weights 499:597 Two hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives containing the same amount of cationic residues, but with different branching structures and molecular weights, including 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen (DMAPA-Glyp) and amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives, were developed for the efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA into hRPE cells. 25897219 2 41 theme residues 527:534 arg1 residues 527:534 cationic residues 518:534 cationic residues 518:534 Two hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives containing the same amount of cationic residues, but with different branching structures and molecular weights, including 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen (DMAPA-Glyp) and amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives, were developed for the efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA into hRPE cells. 25897219 8 42 theme DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA 1647:1662 arg1 nanoparticles 1664:1676 the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles 1643:1676 the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles rather than the DMAPA-Amp/siRNA nanoparticles 1643:1722 As a result, siRNA was much more efficiently transferred into hRPE cells using the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles rather than the DMAPA-Amp/siRNA nanoparticles. 25897219 10 43 theme siRNA 2008:2012 arg1 vectors 2014:2020 nonviral siRNA vectors 1999:2020 nonviral siRNA vectors for the inhibition of NF-κB activation in hRPE cells 1999:2073 This work provides a potential approach to promote hyperbranched polysaccharide derivatives as nonviral siRNA vectors for the inhibition of NF-κB activation in hRPE cells. 25897219 4 44 theme DMAPA-Glyp 875:884 arg1 derivative 886:895 the DMAPA-Glyp derivative 871:895 the DMAPA-Glyp derivative 871:895 Furthermore, the DMAPA-Glyp derivative more readily condensed siRNA and then formed the nanoparticles attributed to its higher branching architecture when compared to the DMAPA-Amp derivative. 25897219 2 45 theme hyperbranched 438:450 arg1 glycogen 653:660 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen 610:660 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen (DMAPA-Glyp) 610:673 Two hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives containing the same amount of cationic residues, but with different branching structures and molecular weights, including 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen (DMAPA-Glyp) and amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives, were developed for the efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA into hRPE cells. 25897219 2 45 theme hyperbranched 438:450 arg1 derivatives 476:486 Two hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives 434:486 Two hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives 434:486 Two hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives containing the same amount of cationic residues, but with different branching structures and molecular weights, including 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen (DMAPA-Glyp) and amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives, were developed for the efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA into hRPE cells. 25897219 2 45 theme hyperbranched 438:450 arg1 derivatives 703:713 amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives 679:713 amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives 679:713 Two hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives containing the same amount of cationic residues, but with different branching structures and molecular weights, including 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen (DMAPA-Glyp) and amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives, were developed for the efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA into hRPE cells. 25897219 0 46 theme siRNA 28:32 arg1 delivery 10:17 Efficient delivery 0:17 Efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA to human retinal pigment epithelial cells with hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-based nanoparticles. 0:149 Efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA to human retinal pigment epithelial cells with hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-based nanoparticles. 25897219 1 47 theme human 342:346 arg1 cells 382:386 human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells 342:386 human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells for the gene therapy of diabetic retinopathy 342:431 A hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-mediated small interfering (si)RNA interference strategy was proposed to inhibit nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells for the gene therapy of diabetic retinopathy. 25897219 10 48 from inhibition 2030:2039 arg1 cells 2069:2073 hRPE cells 2064:2073 hRPE cells 2064:2073 This work provides a potential approach to promote hyperbranched polysaccharide derivatives as nonviral siRNA vectors for the inhibition of NF-κB activation in hRPE cells. 25897219 0 49 theme human 37:41 arg1 cells 70:74 human retinal pigment epithelial cells 37:74 human retinal pigment epithelial cells with hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-based nanoparticles 37:148 Efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA to human retinal pigment epithelial cells with hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-based nanoparticles. 25897219 1 50 theme pigment 356:362 arg1 cells 382:386 human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells 342:386 human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells for the gene therapy of diabetic retinopathy 342:431 A hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-mediated small interfering (si)RNA interference strategy was proposed to inhibit nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells for the gene therapy of diabetic retinopathy. 25897219 1 51 theme transcription 291:303 arg1 activation 328:337 nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation 283:337 nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells for the gene therapy of diabetic retinopathy 283:431 A hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-mediated small interfering (si)RNA interference strategy was proposed to inhibit nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells for the gene therapy of diabetic retinopathy. 25897219 9 52 theme suppression 1766:1776 arg1 levels 1756:1761 significantly high levels 1737:1761 significantly high levels of suppression on the expression levels of NF-κB p65 messenger RNA and protein in the cells transfected with DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles 1737:1901 This led to significantly high levels of suppression on the expression levels of NF-κB p65 messenger RNA and protein in the cells transfected with DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles. 25897219 10 53 theme NF-κB 2044:2048 arg1 activation 2050:2059 NF-κB activation 2044:2059 NF-κB activation in hRPE cells 2044:2073 This work provides a potential approach to promote hyperbranched polysaccharide derivatives as nonviral siRNA vectors for the inhibition of NF-κB activation in hRPE cells. 25897219 6 54 theme branching 1351:1359 arg1 architecture 1361:1372 higher branching architecture 1344:1372 higher branching architecture 1344:1372 The particle sizes of the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles (70-120 nm) were smaller than those of the DMAPA-Amp/siRNA nanoparticles (130-180 nm) due to the higher branching architecture and lower molecular weight of the DMAPA-Glyp derivative. 25897219 0 55 with cells 70:74 arg1 nanoparticles 136:148 hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-based nanoparticles 81:148 hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-based nanoparticles 81:148 Efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA to human retinal pigment epithelial cells with hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-based nanoparticles. 25897219 1 56 theme B 318:318 arg1 activation 328:337 nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation 283:337 nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells for the gene therapy of diabetic retinopathy 283:431 A hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-mediated small interfering (si)RNA interference strategy was proposed to inhibit nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells for the gene therapy of diabetic retinopathy. 25897219 1 57 from activation 328:337 arg1 cells 382:386 human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells 342:386 human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells for the gene therapy of diabetic retinopathy 342:431 A hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-mediated small interfering (si)RNA interference strategy was proposed to inhibit nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells for the gene therapy of diabetic retinopathy. 25897219 1 58 theme interfering 217:227 arg1 RNA 233:235 small interfering (si)RNA 211:235 A hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-mediated small interfering (si)RNA interference strategy 151:257 A hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-mediated small interfering (si)RNA interference strategy was proposed to inhibit nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells for the gene therapy of diabetic retinopathy. 25897219 6 59 dep architecture 1361:1372 arg1 the 1340:1342 the 1340:1342 the 1340:1342 The particle sizes of the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles (70-120 nm) were smaller than those of the DMAPA-Amp/siRNA nanoparticles (130-180 nm) due to the higher branching architecture and lower molecular weight of the DMAPA-Glyp derivative. 25897219 7 60 theme DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA 1532:1547 arg1 nanoparticles 1549:1561 the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles 1528:1561 the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles 1528:1561 In addition, the zeta potentials of the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles were higher than those of the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles. 25897219 6 61 theme due 1333:1335 arg1 nanoparticles 1306:1318 the DMAPA-Amp/siRNA nanoparticles 1286:1318 the DMAPA-Amp/siRNA nanoparticles (130-180 nm) due to the higher branching architecture and lower molecular weight of the DMAPA-Glyp derivative 1286:1428 The particle sizes of the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles (70-120 nm) were smaller than those of the DMAPA-Amp/siRNA nanoparticles (130-180 nm) due to the higher branching architecture and lower molecular weight of the DMAPA-Glyp derivative. 25897219 6 61 theme due 1333:1335 arg1 nm 1329:1330 130-180 nm 1321:1330 130-180 nm 1321:1330 The particle sizes of the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles (70-120 nm) were smaller than those of the DMAPA-Amp/siRNA nanoparticles (130-180 nm) due to the higher branching architecture and lower molecular weight of the DMAPA-Glyp derivative. 25897219 1 62 theme si 230:231 arg1 RNA 233:235 small interfering (si)RNA 211:235 A hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-mediated small interfering (si)RNA interference strategy 151:257 A hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-mediated small interfering (si)RNA interference strategy was proposed to inhibit nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells for the gene therapy of diabetic retinopathy. 25897219 9 63 theme NF-κB 1806:1810 arg1 RNA 1826:1828 NF-κB p65 messenger RNA 1806:1828 NF-κB p65 messenger RNA 1806:1828 This led to significantly high levels of suppression on the expression levels of NF-κB p65 messenger RNA and protein in the cells transfected with DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles. 25897219 1 64 theme RNA 233:235 arg1 interference 237:248 A hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-mediated small interfering (si)RNA interference 151:248 A hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-mediated small interfering (si)RNA interference strategy 151:257 A hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-mediated small interfering (si)RNA interference strategy was proposed to inhibit nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells for the gene therapy of diabetic retinopathy. 25897219 4 65 theme branching 985:993 arg1 architecture 995:1006 its higher branching architecture 974:1006 its higher branching architecture 974:1006 Furthermore, the DMAPA-Glyp derivative more readily condensed siRNA and then formed the nanoparticles attributed to its higher branching architecture when compared to the DMAPA-Amp derivative. 25897219 7 66 theme nanoparticles 1488:1500 arg1 potentials 1453:1462 the zeta potentials 1444:1462 the zeta potentials of the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles 1444:1500 In addition, the zeta potentials of the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles were higher than those of the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles. 25897219 7 66 theme nanoparticles 1488:1500 arg1 higher 1507:1512 higher 1507:1512 higher 1507:1512 In addition, the zeta potentials of the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles were higher than those of the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles. 25897219 3 67 theme DMAPA-Glyp 794:803 arg1 derivative 805:814 The DMAPA-Glyp derivative 790:814 The DMAPA-Glyp derivative 790:814 The DMAPA-Glyp derivative showed lower toxicity against hRPE cells. 25897219 6 68 theme DMAPA-Glyp 1408:1417 arg1 derivative 1419:1428 the DMAPA-Glyp derivative 1404:1428 the DMAPA-Glyp derivative 1404:1428 The particle sizes of the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles (70-120 nm) were smaller than those of the DMAPA-Amp/siRNA nanoparticles (130-180 nm) due to the higher branching architecture and lower molecular weight of the DMAPA-Glyp derivative. 25897219 5 69 theme % 1168:1168 arg1 serum 1183:1187 25% fetal bovine serum 1166:1187 25% fetal bovine serum 1166:1187 Both DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA and DMAPA-Amp/siRNA nanoparticles were able to protect siRNA from degradation by nuclease in 25% fetal bovine serum. 25897219 10 70 from cells 2069:2073 arg1 inhibition 2030:2039 the inhibition 2026:2039 the inhibition of NF-κB activation in hRPE cells 2026:2073 This work provides a potential approach to promote hyperbranched polysaccharide derivatives as nonviral siRNA vectors for the inhibition of NF-κB activation in hRPE cells. 25897219 2 71 theme siRNA 767:771 arg1 delivery 749:756 the efficient delivery 735:756 the efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA into hRPE cells 735:787 Two hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives containing the same amount of cationic residues, but with different branching structures and molecular weights, including 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen (DMAPA-Glyp) and amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives, were developed for the efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA into hRPE cells. 25897219 3 72 theme hRPE 846:849 arg1 cells 851:855 hRPE cells 846:855 hRPE cells 846:855 The DMAPA-Glyp derivative showed lower toxicity against hRPE cells. 25897219 5 73 theme bovine 1176:1181 arg1 serum 1183:1187 25% fetal bovine serum 1166:1187 25% fetal bovine serum 1166:1187 Both DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA and DMAPA-Amp/siRNA nanoparticles were able to protect siRNA from degradation by nuclease in 25% fetal bovine serum. 25897219 10 74 theme potential 1925:1933 arg1 approach 1935:1942 a potential approach 1923:1942 a potential approach to promote hyperbranched polysaccharide derivatives as nonviral siRNA vectors for the inhibition of NF-κB activation in hRPE cells 1923:2073 This work provides a potential approach to promote hyperbranched polysaccharide derivatives as nonviral siRNA vectors for the inhibition of NF-κB activation in hRPE cells. 25897219 6 75 theme molecular 1384:1392 arg1 weight 1394:1399 lower molecular weight 1378:1399 lower molecular weight 1378:1399 The particle sizes of the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles (70-120 nm) were smaller than those of the DMAPA-Amp/siRNA nanoparticles (130-180 nm) due to the higher branching architecture and lower molecular weight of the DMAPA-Glyp derivative. 25897219 0 76 theme epithelial 59:68 arg1 cells 70:74 human retinal pigment epithelial cells 37:74 human retinal pigment epithelial cells with hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-based nanoparticles 37:148 Efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA to human retinal pigment epithelial cells with hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-based nanoparticles. 25897219 10 77 theme hyperbranched 1955:1967 arg1 derivatives 1984:1994 hyperbranched polysaccharide derivatives 1955:1994 hyperbranched polysaccharide derivatives as nonviral siRNA vectors for the inhibition of NF-κB activation in hRPE cells 1955:2073 This work provides a potential approach to promote hyperbranched polysaccharide derivatives as nonviral siRNA vectors for the inhibition of NF-κB activation in hRPE cells. 25897219 2 78 with amount 508:513 arg1 structures 566:575 different branching structures 546:575 different branching structures 546:575 Two hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives containing the same amount of cationic residues, but with different branching structures and molecular weights, including 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen (DMAPA-Glyp) and amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives, were developed for the efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA into hRPE cells. 25897219 2 78 with amount 508:513 arg1 weights 591:597 molecular weights 581:597 molecular weights 581:597 Two hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives containing the same amount of cationic residues, but with different branching structures and molecular weights, including 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen (DMAPA-Glyp) and amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives, were developed for the efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA into hRPE cells. 25897219 1 79 theme cationic 167:174 arg1 polysaccharide 176:189 A hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide 151:189 A hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-mediated small interfering (si)RNA interference strategy 151:257 A hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-mediated small interfering (si)RNA interference strategy was proposed to inhibit nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells for the gene therapy of diabetic retinopathy. 25897219 2 80 theme hRPE 778:781 arg1 cells 783:787 hRPE cells 778:787 hRPE cells 778:787 Two hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives containing the same amount of cationic residues, but with different branching structures and molecular weights, including 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen (DMAPA-Glyp) and amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives, were developed for the efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA into hRPE cells. 25897219 5 81 from degradation 1139:1149 arg1 serum 1183:1187 25% fetal bovine serum 1166:1187 25% fetal bovine serum 1166:1187 Both DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA and DMAPA-Amp/siRNA nanoparticles were able to protect siRNA from degradation by nuclease in 25% fetal bovine serum. 25897219 1 82 theme hRPE 376:379 arg1 cells 382:386 human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells 342:386 human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells for the gene therapy of diabetic retinopathy 342:431 A hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-mediated small interfering (si)RNA interference strategy was proposed to inhibit nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells for the gene therapy of diabetic retinopathy. 25897219 1 83 theme derivative-mediated 191:209 arg1 interference 237:248 A hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-mediated small interfering (si)RNA interference 151:248 A hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-mediated small interfering (si)RNA interference strategy 151:257 A hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-mediated small interfering (si)RNA interference strategy was proposed to inhibit nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells for the gene therapy of diabetic retinopathy. 25897219 9 84 theme messenger 1816:1824 arg1 RNA 1826:1828 NF-κB p65 messenger RNA 1806:1828 NF-κB p65 messenger RNA 1806:1828 This led to significantly high levels of suppression on the expression levels of NF-κB p65 messenger RNA and protein in the cells transfected with DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles. 25897219 0 85 theme cationic 95:102 arg1 nanoparticles 136:148 hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-based nanoparticles 81:148 hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-based nanoparticles 81:148 Efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA to human retinal pigment epithelial cells with hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-based nanoparticles. 25897219 6 86 theme nanoparticles 1233:1245 arg1 smaller 1264:1270 smaller 1264:1270 smaller 1264:1270 The particle sizes of the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles (70-120 nm) were smaller than those of the DMAPA-Amp/siRNA nanoparticles (130-180 nm) due to the higher branching architecture and lower molecular weight of the DMAPA-Glyp derivative. 25897219 6 86 theme nanoparticles 1233:1245 arg1 sizes 1203:1207 The particle sizes 1190:1207 The particle sizes of the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles (70-120 nm) 1190:1257 The particle sizes of the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles (70-120 nm) were smaller than those of the DMAPA-Amp/siRNA nanoparticles (130-180 nm) due to the higher branching architecture and lower molecular weight of the DMAPA-Glyp derivative. 25897219 0 87 theme derivative-based 119:134 arg1 nanoparticles 136:148 hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-based nanoparticles 81:148 hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-based nanoparticles 81:148 Efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA to human retinal pigment epithelial cells with hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-based nanoparticles. 25897219 5 88 theme DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA 1056:1071 arg1 nanoparticles 1093:1105 Both DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA and DMAPA-Amp/siRNA nanoparticles 1051:1105 Both DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA and DMAPA-Amp/siRNA nanoparticles 1051:1105 Both DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA and DMAPA-Amp/siRNA nanoparticles were able to protect siRNA from degradation by nuclease in 25% fetal bovine serum. 25897219 9 89 from levels 1756:1761 arg1 levels 1796:1801 the expression levels 1781:1801 the expression levels of NF-κB p65 messenger RNA and protein in the cells transfected with DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles 1781:1901 This led to significantly high levels of suppression on the expression levels of NF-κB p65 messenger RNA and protein in the cells transfected with DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles. 25897219 4 90 theme DMAPA-Amp 1029:1037 arg1 derivative 1039:1048 the DMAPA-Amp derivative 1025:1048 the DMAPA-Amp derivative 1025:1048 Furthermore, the DMAPA-Glyp derivative more readily condensed siRNA and then formed the nanoparticles attributed to its higher branching architecture when compared to the DMAPA-Amp derivative. 25897219 2 91 theme efficient 739:747 arg1 delivery 749:756 the efficient delivery 735:756 the efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA into hRPE cells 735:787 Two hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives containing the same amount of cationic residues, but with different branching structures and molecular weights, including 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen (DMAPA-Glyp) and amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives, were developed for the efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA into hRPE cells. 25897219 1 92 theme diabetic 412:419 arg1 retinopathy 421:431 diabetic retinopathy 412:431 diabetic retinopathy 412:431 A hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-mediated small interfering (si)RNA interference strategy was proposed to inhibit nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells for the gene therapy of diabetic retinopathy. 25897219 0 93 theme NF-κB 22:26 arg1 siRNA 28:32 NF-κB siRNA 22:32 NF-κB siRNA 22:32 Efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA to human retinal pigment epithelial cells with hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-based nanoparticles. 25897219 2 94 theme cationic 452:459 arg1 glycogen 653:660 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen 610:660 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen (DMAPA-Glyp) 610:673 Two hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives containing the same amount of cationic residues, but with different branching structures and molecular weights, including 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen (DMAPA-Glyp) and amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives, were developed for the efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA into hRPE cells. 25897219 2 94 theme cationic 452:459 arg1 derivatives 476:486 Two hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives 434:486 Two hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives 434:486 Two hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives containing the same amount of cationic residues, but with different branching structures and molecular weights, including 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen (DMAPA-Glyp) and amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives, were developed for the efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA into hRPE cells. 25897219 2 94 theme cationic 452:459 arg1 derivatives 703:713 amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives 679:713 amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives 679:713 Two hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives containing the same amount of cationic residues, but with different branching structures and molecular weights, including 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen (DMAPA-Glyp) and amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives, were developed for the efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA into hRPE cells. 25897219 2 95 theme cationic 518:525 arg1 residues 527:534 cationic residues 518:534 cationic residues 518:534 Two hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives containing the same amount of cationic residues, but with different branching structures and molecular weights, including 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen (DMAPA-Glyp) and amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives, were developed for the efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA into hRPE cells. 25897219 10 96 theme nonviral 1999:2006 arg1 vectors 2014:2020 nonviral siRNA vectors 1999:2020 nonviral siRNA vectors for the inhibition of NF-κB activation in hRPE cells 1999:2073 This work provides a potential approach to promote hyperbranched polysaccharide derivatives as nonviral siRNA vectors for the inhibition of NF-κB activation in hRPE cells. 25897219 2 97 theme branching 556:564 arg1 structures 566:575 different branching structures 546:575 different branching structures 546:575 Two hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives containing the same amount of cationic residues, but with different branching structures and molecular weights, including 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen (DMAPA-Glyp) and amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives, were developed for the efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA into hRPE cells. 25897219 0 98 theme retinal 43:49 arg1 cells 70:74 human retinal pigment epithelial cells 37:74 human retinal pigment epithelial cells with hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-based nanoparticles 37:148 Efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA to human retinal pigment epithelial cells with hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-based nanoparticles. 25897219 1 99 theme retinal 348:354 arg1 cells 382:386 human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells 342:386 human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells for the gene therapy of diabetic retinopathy 342:431 A hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-mediated small interfering (si)RNA interference strategy was proposed to inhibit nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells for the gene therapy of diabetic retinopathy. 25897219 6 100 theme DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA 1216:1231 arg1 nanoparticles 1233:1245 the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles 1212:1245 the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles (70-120 nm) 1212:1257 The particle sizes of the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles (70-120 nm) were smaller than those of the DMAPA-Amp/siRNA nanoparticles (130-180 nm) due to the higher branching architecture and lower molecular weight of the DMAPA-Glyp derivative. 25897219 6 100 theme DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA 1216:1231 arg1 nm 1255:1256 70-120 nm 1248:1256 70-120 nm 1248:1256 The particle sizes of the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles (70-120 nm) were smaller than those of the DMAPA-Amp/siRNA nanoparticles (130-180 nm) due to the higher branching architecture and lower molecular weight of the DMAPA-Glyp derivative. 25897219 8 101 theme DMAPA-Amp/siRNA 1694:1708 arg1 nanoparticles 1710:1722 the DMAPA-Amp/siRNA nanoparticles 1690:1722 the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles rather than the DMAPA-Amp/siRNA nanoparticles 1643:1722 As a result, siRNA was much more efficiently transferred into hRPE cells using the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles rather than the DMAPA-Amp/siRNA nanoparticles. 25897219 5 102 theme fetal 1170:1174 arg1 serum 1183:1187 25% fetal bovine serum 1166:1187 25% fetal bovine serum 1166:1187 Both DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA and DMAPA-Amp/siRNA nanoparticles were able to protect siRNA from degradation by nuclease in 25% fetal bovine serum. 25897219 1 103 theme epithelial 364:373 arg1 cells 382:386 human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells 342:386 human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells for the gene therapy of diabetic retinopathy 342:431 A hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-mediated small interfering (si)RNA interference strategy was proposed to inhibit nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells for the gene therapy of diabetic retinopathy. 25897219 5 104 theme DMAPA-Amp/siRNA 1077:1091 arg1 nanoparticles 1093:1105 Both DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA and DMAPA-Amp/siRNA nanoparticles 1051:1105 Both DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA and DMAPA-Amp/siRNA nanoparticles 1051:1105 Both DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA and DMAPA-Amp/siRNA nanoparticles were able to protect siRNA from degradation by nuclease in 25% fetal bovine serum. 25897219 9 105 theme high 1751:1754 arg1 levels 1756:1761 significantly high levels 1737:1761 significantly high levels of suppression on the expression levels of NF-κB p65 messenger RNA and protein in the cells transfected with DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles 1737:1901 This led to significantly high levels of suppression on the expression levels of NF-κB p65 messenger RNA and protein in the cells transfected with DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles. 25897219 6 106 theme particle 1194:1201 arg1 smaller 1264:1270 smaller 1264:1270 smaller 1264:1270 The particle sizes of the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles (70-120 nm) were smaller than those of the DMAPA-Amp/siRNA nanoparticles (130-180 nm) due to the higher branching architecture and lower molecular weight of the DMAPA-Glyp derivative. 25897219 6 106 theme particle 1194:1201 arg1 sizes 1203:1207 The particle sizes 1190:1207 The particle sizes of the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles (70-120 nm) 1190:1257 The particle sizes of the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles (70-120 nm) were smaller than those of the DMAPA-Amp/siRNA nanoparticles (130-180 nm) due to the higher branching architecture and lower molecular weight of the DMAPA-Glyp derivative. 25897219 10 107 theme hRPE 2064:2067 arg1 cells 2069:2073 hRPE cells 2064:2073 hRPE cells 2064:2073 This work provides a potential approach to promote hyperbranched polysaccharide derivatives as nonviral siRNA vectors for the inhibition of NF-κB activation in hRPE cells. 25897219 1 108 theme nuclear 283:289 arg1 activation 328:337 nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation 283:337 nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells for the gene therapy of diabetic retinopathy 283:431 A hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-mediated small interfering (si)RNA interference strategy was proposed to inhibit nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells for the gene therapy of diabetic retinopathy. 28237574 0 0 theme alata 87:91 arg1 extract 98:104 Cassia alata leaf extract 80:104 Cassia alata leaf extract 80:104 Cellulose nanocomposite films with in situ generated silver nanoparticles using Cassia alata leaf extract as a reducing agent. 28237574 0 0 theme alata 87:91 arg1 agent 120:124 a reducing agent 109:124 a reducing agent 109:124 Cellulose nanocomposite films with in situ generated silver nanoparticles using Cassia alata leaf extract as a reducing agent. 28237574 4 1 theme leaf 430:433 arg1 matrix 489:494 the matrix 485:494 the matrix 485:494 The leaf extract diffused cellulose wet films were used as the matrix. 28237574 4 1 theme leaf 430:433 arg1 films 466:470 The leaf extract diffused cellulose wet films 426:470 The leaf extract diffused cellulose wet films 426:470 The leaf extract diffused cellulose wet films were used as the matrix. 28237574 5 2 theme source 580:585 arg1 solutions 587:595 lower concentrated 1-5mM aq.AgNO3 source solutions 546:595 lower concentrated 1-5mM aq.AgNO3 source solutions 546:595 The wet matrix films were dipped individually in lower concentrated 1-5mM aq.AgNO3 source solutions in the presence of sunlight and allowed the solutions to react with the diffused leaf extract reducing agent which in situ generated the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) inside the films as well as in the source solution. 28237574 5 3 theme source 798:803 arg1 solution 805:812 the source solution 794:812 the source solution 794:812 The wet matrix films were dipped individually in lower concentrated 1-5mM aq.AgNO3 source solutions in the presence of sunlight and allowed the solutions to react with the diffused leaf extract reducing agent which in situ generated the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) inside the films as well as in the source solution. 28237574 11 4 theme medical 1681:1687 arg1 applications 1689:1700 medical applications 1681:1700 medical applications like dressing materials 1681:1724 The ecofriendly cellulose/AgNP composite films with good antibacterial activity and tensile properties can be considered for medical applications like dressing materials. 28237574 0 5 theme Cassia 80:85 arg1 extract 98:104 Cassia alata leaf extract 80:104 Cassia alata leaf extract 80:104 Cellulose nanocomposite films with in situ generated silver nanoparticles using Cassia alata leaf extract as a reducing agent. 28237574 0 5 theme Cassia 80:85 arg1 agent 120:124 a reducing agent 109:124 a reducing agent 109:124 Cellulose nanocomposite films with in situ generated silver nanoparticles using Cassia alata leaf extract as a reducing agent. 28237574 4 6 theme cellulose 452:460 arg1 matrix 489:494 the matrix 485:494 the matrix 485:494 The leaf extract diffused cellulose wet films were used as the matrix. 28237574 4 6 theme cellulose 452:460 arg1 films 466:470 The leaf extract diffused cellulose wet films 426:470 The leaf extract diffused cellulose wet films 426:470 The leaf extract diffused cellulose wet films were used as the matrix. 28237574 10 7 contain possessed 1521:1529 arg2 properties 1544:1553 good tensile properties 1531:1553 good tensile properties 1531:1553 The nanocomposite films also possessed good tensile properties. 28237574 10 7 contain possessed 1521:1529 arg1 films 1510:1514 The nanocomposite films 1492:1514 The nanocomposite films 1492:1514 The nanocomposite films also possessed good tensile properties. 28237574 8 8 theme X-ray 1265:1269 arg1 XRD 1284:1286 XRD 1284:1286 XRD 1284:1286 These nanocomposite films were also characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and tensile tests. 28237574 8 8 theme X-ray 1265:1269 arg1 diffraction 1271:1281 X-ray diffraction 1265:1281 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 1265:1287 These nanocomposite films were also characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and tensile tests. 28237574 4 9 theme diffused 443:450 arg1 matrix 489:494 the matrix 485:494 the matrix 485:494 The leaf extract diffused cellulose wet films were used as the matrix. 28237574 4 9 theme diffused 443:450 arg1 films 466:470 The leaf extract diffused cellulose wet films 426:470 The leaf extract diffused cellulose wet films 426:470 The leaf extract diffused cellulose wet films were used as the matrix. 28237574 7 10 theme good 1101:1104 arg1 activity 1120:1127 good antibacterial activity 1101:1127 good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli bacteria 1101:1161 The cellulose/AgNP composite films showed good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli bacteria. 28237574 0 11 theme leaf 93:96 arg1 extract 98:104 Cassia alata leaf extract 80:104 Cassia alata leaf extract 80:104 Cellulose nanocomposite films with in situ generated silver nanoparticles using Cassia alata leaf extract as a reducing agent. 28237574 0 11 theme leaf 93:96 arg1 agent 120:124 a reducing agent 109:124 a reducing agent 109:124 Cellulose nanocomposite films with in situ generated silver nanoparticles using Cassia alata leaf extract as a reducing agent. 28237574 5 12 from nanoparticles 741:753 arg1 solution 805:812 the source solution 794:812 the source solution 794:812 The wet matrix films were dipped individually in lower concentrated 1-5mM aq.AgNO3 source solutions in the presence of sunlight and allowed the solutions to react with the diffused leaf extract reducing agent which in situ generated the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) inside the films as well as in the source solution. 28237574 2 13 theme gel 245:247 arg1 films 249:253 cellulose gel films 235:253 cellulose gel films 235:253 (8% LiOH+15% urea) that was pre-cooled to -12.5°C. Using this solution cellulose gel films were prepared by regeneration method with ethyl alcohol as a coagulant. 28237574 6 14 theme electron 885:892 arg1 TEM 906:908 TEM 906:908 TEM 906:908 The AgNPs formed in the source solution were observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) while those formed in situ the films were observed by SEM and the particle size distribution was determined. 28237574 6 14 theme electron 885:892 arg1 microscope 894:903 transmission electron microscope 872:903 transmission electron microscope (TEM) 872:909 The AgNPs formed in the source solution were observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) while those formed in situ the films were observed by SEM and the particle size distribution was determined. 28237574 7 15 theme cellulose/AgNP 1063:1076 arg1 films 1088:1092 The cellulose/AgNP composite films 1059:1092 The cellulose/AgNP composite films 1059:1092 The cellulose/AgNP composite films showed good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli bacteria. 28237574 11 16 theme ecofriendly 1560:1570 arg1 films 1597:1601 The ecofriendly cellulose/AgNP composite films 1556:1601 The ecofriendly cellulose/AgNP composite films with good antibacterial activity and tensile properties 1556:1657 The ecofriendly cellulose/AgNP composite films with good antibacterial activity and tensile properties can be considered for medical applications like dressing materials. 28237574 5 17 theme lower 546:550 arg1 solutions 587:595 lower concentrated 1-5mM aq.AgNO3 source solutions 546:595 lower concentrated 1-5mM aq.AgNO3 source solutions 546:595 The wet matrix films were dipped individually in lower concentrated 1-5mM aq.AgNO3 source solutions in the presence of sunlight and allowed the solutions to react with the diffused leaf extract reducing agent which in situ generated the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) inside the films as well as in the source solution. 28237574 2 18 theme cellulose 235:243 arg1 films 249:253 cellulose gel films 235:253 cellulose gel films 235:253 (8% LiOH+15% urea) that was pre-cooled to -12.5°C. Using this solution cellulose gel films were prepared by regeneration method with ethyl alcohol as a coagulant. 28237574 10 19 theme good 1531:1534 arg1 properties 1544:1553 good tensile properties 1531:1553 good tensile properties 1531:1553 The nanocomposite films also possessed good tensile properties. 28237574 3 20 theme leaf 381:384 arg1 extract 386:392 10wt% Cassia alata leaf extract 362:392 10wt% Cassia alata leaf extract that acted as a reducing agent 362:423 These wet films were diffused with 10wt% Cassia alata leaf extract that acted as a reducing agent. 28237574 3 20 theme leaf 381:384 arg1 agent 419:423 a reducing agent 408:423 a reducing agent 408:423 These wet films were diffused with 10wt% Cassia alata leaf extract that acted as a reducing agent. 28237574 5 21 theme diffused 669:676 arg1 agent 700:704 the diffused leaf extract reducing agent 665:704 the diffused leaf extract reducing agent which in situ generated the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) inside the films as well as in the source solution 665:812 The wet matrix films were dipped individually in lower concentrated 1-5mM aq.AgNO3 source solutions in the presence of sunlight and allowed the solutions to react with the diffused leaf extract reducing agent which in situ generated the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) inside the films as well as in the source solution. 28237574 4 22 used used 477:480 arg2 matrix 489:494 the matrix 485:494 the matrix 485:494 The leaf extract diffused cellulose wet films were used as the matrix. 28237574 4 22 used used 477:480 arg2 films 466:470 The leaf extract diffused cellulose wet films 426:470 The leaf extract diffused cellulose wet films 426:470 The leaf extract diffused cellulose wet films were used as the matrix. 28237574 9 23 theme AgNPs 1485:1489 arg1 effect 1475:1480 the catalytic effect 1461:1480 the catalytic effect of AgNPs 1461:1489 At temperatures below 300°C, the thermal stability of the nanocomposite films was lower than that of the matrix due to the catalytic effect of AgNPs. 28237574 7 24 theme antibacterial 1106:1118 arg1 activity 1120:1127 good antibacterial activity 1101:1127 good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli bacteria 1101:1161 The cellulose/AgNP composite films showed good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli bacteria. 28237574 5 25 theme 1-5mM 565:569 arg1 solutions 587:595 lower concentrated 1-5mM aq.AgNO3 source solutions 546:595 lower concentrated 1-5mM aq.AgNO3 source solutions 546:595 The wet matrix films were dipped individually in lower concentrated 1-5mM aq.AgNO3 source solutions in the presence of sunlight and allowed the solutions to react with the diffused leaf extract reducing agent which in situ generated the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) inside the films as well as in the source solution. 28237574 5 26 theme wet 501:503 arg1 films 512:516 The wet matrix films 497:516 The wet matrix films 497:516 The wet matrix films were dipped individually in lower concentrated 1-5mM aq.AgNO3 source solutions in the presence of sunlight and allowed the solutions to react with the diffused leaf extract reducing agent which in situ generated the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) inside the films as well as in the source solution. 28237574 2 27 theme regeneration 272:283 arg1 method 285:290 regeneration method 272:290 regeneration method 272:290 (8% LiOH+15% urea) that was pre-cooled to -12.5°C. Using this solution cellulose gel films were prepared by regeneration method with ethyl alcohol as a coagulant. 28237574 3 28 theme Cassia 368:373 arg1 extract 386:392 10wt% Cassia alata leaf extract 362:392 10wt% Cassia alata leaf extract that acted as a reducing agent 362:423 These wet films were diffused with 10wt% Cassia alata leaf extract that acted as a reducing agent. 28237574 3 28 theme Cassia 368:373 arg1 agent 419:423 a reducing agent 408:423 a reducing agent 408:423 These wet films were diffused with 10wt% Cassia alata leaf extract that acted as a reducing agent. 28237574 5 29 theme silver 734:739 arg1 AgNPs 756:760 AgNPs 756:760 AgNPs 756:760 The wet matrix films were dipped individually in lower concentrated 1-5mM aq.AgNO3 source solutions in the presence of sunlight and allowed the solutions to react with the diffused leaf extract reducing agent which in situ generated the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) inside the films as well as in the source solution. 28237574 5 29 theme silver 734:739 arg1 nanoparticles 741:753 the silver nanoparticles 730:753 the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) inside the films as well as in the source solution 730:812 The wet matrix films were dipped individually in lower concentrated 1-5mM aq.AgNO3 source solutions in the presence of sunlight and allowed the solutions to react with the diffused leaf extract reducing agent which in situ generated the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) inside the films as well as in the source solution. 28237574 6 30 theme transmission 872:883 arg1 TEM 906:908 TEM 906:908 TEM 906:908 The AgNPs formed in the source solution were observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) while those formed in situ the films were observed by SEM and the particle size distribution was determined. 28237574 6 30 theme transmission 872:883 arg1 microscope 894:903 transmission electron microscope 872:903 transmission electron microscope (TEM) 872:909 The AgNPs formed in the source solution were observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) while those formed in situ the films were observed by SEM and the particle size distribution was determined. 28237574 5 31 theme aq.AgNO3 571:578 arg1 solutions 587:595 lower concentrated 1-5mM aq.AgNO3 source solutions 546:595 lower concentrated 1-5mM aq.AgNO3 source solutions 546:595 The wet matrix films were dipped individually in lower concentrated 1-5mM aq.AgNO3 source solutions in the presence of sunlight and allowed the solutions to react with the diffused leaf extract reducing agent which in situ generated the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) inside the films as well as in the source solution. 28237574 5 32 theme matrix 505:510 arg1 films 512:516 The wet matrix films 497:516 The wet matrix films 497:516 The wet matrix films were dipped individually in lower concentrated 1-5mM aq.AgNO3 source solutions in the presence of sunlight and allowed the solutions to react with the diffused leaf extract reducing agent which in situ generated the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) inside the films as well as in the source solution. 28237574 6 33 theme size 1025:1028 arg1 distribution 1030:1041 the particle size distribution 1012:1041 the particle size distribution 1012:1041 The AgNPs formed in the source solution were observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) while those formed in situ the films were observed by SEM and the particle size distribution was determined. 28237574 3 34 theme alata 375:379 arg1 extract 386:392 10wt% Cassia alata leaf extract 362:392 10wt% Cassia alata leaf extract that acted as a reducing agent 362:423 These wet films were diffused with 10wt% Cassia alata leaf extract that acted as a reducing agent. 28237574 3 34 theme alata 375:379 arg1 agent 419:423 a reducing agent 408:423 a reducing agent 408:423 These wet films were diffused with 10wt% Cassia alata leaf extract that acted as a reducing agent. 28237574 11 35 theme good 1608:1611 arg1 activity 1627:1634 good antibacterial activity 1608:1634 good antibacterial activity 1608:1634 The ecofriendly cellulose/AgNP composite films with good antibacterial activity and tensile properties can be considered for medical applications like dressing materials. 28237574 8 36 dep transform 1225:1233 arg1 infrared 1235:1242 infrared 1235:1242 transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and tensile tests 1225:1339 These nanocomposite films were also characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and tensile tests. 28237574 6 37 theme particle 1016:1023 arg1 distribution 1030:1041 the particle size distribution 1012:1041 the particle size distribution 1012:1041 The AgNPs formed in the source solution were observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) while those formed in situ the films were observed by SEM and the particle size distribution was determined. 28237574 9 38 theme catalytic 1465:1473 arg1 effect 1475:1480 the catalytic effect 1461:1480 the catalytic effect of AgNPs 1461:1489 At temperatures below 300°C, the thermal stability of the nanocomposite films was lower than that of the matrix due to the catalytic effect of AgNPs. 28237574 5 39 theme reducing 691:698 arg1 agent 700:704 the diffused leaf extract reducing agent 665:704 the diffused leaf extract reducing agent which in situ generated the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) inside the films as well as in the source solution 665:812 The wet matrix films were dipped individually in lower concentrated 1-5mM aq.AgNO3 source solutions in the presence of sunlight and allowed the solutions to react with the diffused leaf extract reducing agent which in situ generated the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) inside the films as well as in the source solution. 28237574 3 40 theme wet 333:335 arg1 films 337:341 These wet films 327:341 These wet films 327:341 These wet films were diffused with 10wt% Cassia alata leaf extract that acted as a reducing agent. 28237574 0 41 theme reducing 111:118 arg1 extract 98:104 Cassia alata leaf extract 80:104 Cassia alata leaf extract 80:104 Cellulose nanocomposite films with in situ generated silver nanoparticles using Cassia alata leaf extract as a reducing agent. 28237574 0 41 theme reducing 111:118 arg1 agent 120:124 a reducing agent 109:124 a reducing agent 109:124 Cellulose nanocomposite films with in situ generated silver nanoparticles using Cassia alata leaf extract as a reducing agent. 28237574 2 42 theme 8 165:165 arg1 % 166:166 % 166:166 % 166:166 (8% LiOH+15% urea) that was pre-cooled to -12.5°C. Using this solution cellulose gel films were prepared by regeneration method with ethyl alcohol as a coagulant. 28237574 11 43 with films 1597:1601 arg1 activity 1627:1634 good antibacterial activity 1608:1634 good antibacterial activity 1608:1634 The ecofriendly cellulose/AgNP composite films with good antibacterial activity and tensile properties can be considered for medical applications like dressing materials. 28237574 11 43 with films 1597:1601 arg1 properties 1648:1657 tensile properties 1640:1657 tensile properties 1640:1657 The ecofriendly cellulose/AgNP composite films with good antibacterial activity and tensile properties can be considered for medical applications like dressing materials. 28237574 3 44 theme 10wt 362:365 arg1 extract 386:392 10wt% Cassia alata leaf extract 362:392 10wt% Cassia alata leaf extract that acted as a reducing agent 362:423 These wet films were diffused with 10wt% Cassia alata leaf extract that acted as a reducing agent. 28237574 3 44 theme 10wt 362:365 arg1 agent 419:423 a reducing agent 408:423 a reducing agent 408:423 These wet films were diffused with 10wt% Cassia alata leaf extract that acted as a reducing agent. 28237574 11 45 theme dressing 1707:1714 arg1 materials 1716:1724 dressing materials 1707:1724 dressing materials 1707:1724 The ecofriendly cellulose/AgNP composite films with good antibacterial activity and tensile properties can be considered for medical applications like dressing materials. 28237574 8 46 theme thermogravimetric 1290:1306 arg1 analysis 1308:1315 thermogravimetric analysis 1290:1315 thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 1290:1321 These nanocomposite films were also characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and tensile tests. 28237574 8 46 theme thermogravimetric 1290:1306 arg1 TGA 1318:1320 TGA 1318:1320 TGA 1318:1320 These nanocomposite films were also characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and tensile tests. 28237574 11 47 theme antibacterial 1613:1625 arg1 activity 1627:1634 good antibacterial activity 1608:1634 good antibacterial activity 1608:1634 The ecofriendly cellulose/AgNP composite films with good antibacterial activity and tensile properties can be considered for medical applications like dressing materials. 28237574 2 48 dep pre-cooled 192:201 arg1 urea 177:180 8% LiOH+15% urea 165:180 8% LiOH+15% urea 165:180 (8% LiOH+15% urea) that was pre-cooled to -12.5°C. Using this solution cellulose gel films were prepared by regeneration method with ethyl alcohol as a coagulant. 28237574 3 49 theme % 366:366 arg1 extract 386:392 10wt% Cassia alata leaf extract 362:392 10wt% Cassia alata leaf extract that acted as a reducing agent 362:423 These wet films were diffused with 10wt% Cassia alata leaf extract that acted as a reducing agent. 28237574 3 49 theme % 366:366 arg1 agent 419:423 a reducing agent 408:423 a reducing agent 408:423 These wet films were diffused with 10wt% Cassia alata leaf extract that acted as a reducing agent. 28237574 10 50 theme nanocomposite 1496:1508 arg1 films 1510:1514 The nanocomposite films 1492:1514 The nanocomposite films 1492:1514 The nanocomposite films also possessed good tensile properties. 28237574 11 51 theme cellulose/AgNP 1572:1585 arg1 films 1597:1601 The ecofriendly cellulose/AgNP composite films 1556:1601 The ecofriendly cellulose/AgNP composite films with good antibacterial activity and tensile properties 1556:1657 The ecofriendly cellulose/AgNP composite films with good antibacterial activity and tensile properties can be considered for medical applications like dressing materials. 28237574 6 52 dep situ 972:975 arg1 determined 1047:1056 determined 1047:1056 was determined 1043:1056 The AgNPs formed in the source solution were observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) while those formed in situ the films were observed by SEM and the particle size distribution was determined. 28237574 6 52 dep situ 972:975 arg1 observed 992:999 observed 992:999 were observed by SEM 987:1006 The AgNPs formed in the source solution were observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) while those formed in situ the films were observed by SEM and the particle size distribution was determined. 28237574 7 53 theme composite 1078:1086 arg1 films 1088:1092 The cellulose/AgNP composite films 1059:1092 The cellulose/AgNP composite films 1059:1092 The cellulose/AgNP composite films showed good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli bacteria. 28237574 0 54 theme silver 53:58 arg1 nanoparticles 60:72 in situ generated silver nanoparticles 35:72 in situ generated silver nanoparticles using Cassia alata leaf extract as a reducing agent 35:124 Cellulose nanocomposite films with in situ generated silver nanoparticles using Cassia alata leaf extract as a reducing agent. 28237574 4 55 theme wet 462:464 arg1 matrix 489:494 the matrix 485:494 the matrix 485:494 The leaf extract diffused cellulose wet films were used as the matrix. 28237574 4 55 theme wet 462:464 arg1 films 466:470 The leaf extract diffused cellulose wet films 426:470 The leaf extract diffused cellulose wet films 426:470 The leaf extract diffused cellulose wet films were used as the matrix. 28237574 11 56 theme composite 1587:1595 arg1 films 1597:1601 The ecofriendly cellulose/AgNP composite films 1556:1601 The ecofriendly cellulose/AgNP composite films with good antibacterial activity and tensile properties 1556:1657 The ecofriendly cellulose/AgNP composite films with good antibacterial activity and tensile properties can be considered for medical applications like dressing materials. 28237574 11 57 theme tensile 1640:1646 arg1 properties 1648:1657 tensile properties 1640:1657 tensile properties 1640:1657 The ecofriendly cellulose/AgNP composite films with good antibacterial activity and tensile properties can be considered for medical applications like dressing materials. 28237574 9 58 theme thermal 1375:1381 arg1 stability 1383:1391 the thermal stability 1371:1391 the thermal stability of the nanocomposite films 1371:1418 At temperatures below 300°C, the thermal stability of the nanocomposite films was lower than that of the matrix due to the catalytic effect of AgNPs. 28237574 9 58 theme thermal 1375:1381 arg1 lower 1424:1428 lower 1424:1428 lower 1424:1428 At temperatures below 300°C, the thermal stability of the nanocomposite films was lower than that of the matrix due to the catalytic effect of AgNPs. 28237574 0 59 theme generated 43:51 arg1 nanoparticles 60:72 in situ generated silver nanoparticles 35:72 in situ generated silver nanoparticles using Cassia alata leaf extract as a reducing agent 35:124 Cellulose nanocomposite films with in situ generated silver nanoparticles using Cassia alata leaf extract as a reducing agent. 28237574 5 60 theme concentrated 552:563 arg1 solutions 587:595 lower concentrated 1-5mM aq.AgNO3 source solutions 546:595 lower concentrated 1-5mM aq.AgNO3 source solutions 546:595 The wet matrix films were dipped individually in lower concentrated 1-5mM aq.AgNO3 source solutions in the presence of sunlight and allowed the solutions to react with the diffused leaf extract reducing agent which in situ generated the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) inside the films as well as in the source solution. 28237574 2 61 theme ethyl 297:301 arg1 alcohol 303:309 ethyl alcohol 297:309 ethyl alcohol as a coagulant 297:324 (8% LiOH+15% urea) that was pre-cooled to -12.5°C. Using this solution cellulose gel films were prepared by regeneration method with ethyl alcohol as a coagulant. 28237574 5 62 theme sunlight 616:623 arg1 presence 604:611 the presence 600:611 the presence of sunlight 600:623 The wet matrix films were dipped individually in lower concentrated 1-5mM aq.AgNO3 source solutions in the presence of sunlight and allowed the solutions to react with the diffused leaf extract reducing agent which in situ generated the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) inside the films as well as in the source solution. 28237574 2 63 theme % 175:175 arg1 urea 177:180 8% LiOH+15% urea 165:180 8% LiOH+15% urea 165:180 (8% LiOH+15% urea) that was pre-cooled to -12.5°C. Using this solution cellulose gel films were prepared by regeneration method with ethyl alcohol as a coagulant. 28237574 8 64 dep Fourier 1217:1223 arg1 transform 1225:1233 transform 1225:1233 transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and tensile tests 1225:1339 These nanocomposite films were also characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and tensile tests. 28237574 9 65 theme films 1414:1418 arg1 stability 1383:1391 the thermal stability 1371:1391 the thermal stability of the nanocomposite films 1371:1418 At temperatures below 300°C, the thermal stability of the nanocomposite films was lower than that of the matrix due to the catalytic effect of AgNPs. 28237574 9 65 theme films 1414:1418 arg1 lower 1424:1428 lower 1424:1428 lower 1424:1428 At temperatures below 300°C, the thermal stability of the nanocomposite films was lower than that of the matrix due to the catalytic effect of AgNPs. 28237574 3 66 theme reducing 410:417 arg1 extract 386:392 10wt% Cassia alata leaf extract 362:392 10wt% Cassia alata leaf extract that acted as a reducing agent 362:423 These wet films were diffused with 10wt% Cassia alata leaf extract that acted as a reducing agent. 28237574 3 66 theme reducing 410:417 arg1 agent 419:423 a reducing agent 408:423 a reducing agent 408:423 These wet films were diffused with 10wt% Cassia alata leaf extract that acted as a reducing agent. 28237574 6 67 theme electron 924:931 arg1 SEM 945:947 SEM 945:947 SEM 945:947 The AgNPs formed in the source solution were observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) while those formed in situ the films were observed by SEM and the particle size distribution was determined. 28237574 6 67 theme electron 924:931 arg1 microscope 933:942 scanning electron microscope 915:942 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 915:948 The AgNPs formed in the source solution were observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) while those formed in situ the films were observed by SEM and the particle size distribution was determined. 28237574 2 68 theme LiOH+15 168:174 arg1 urea 177:180 8% LiOH+15% urea 165:180 8% LiOH+15% urea 165:180 (8% LiOH+15% urea) that was pre-cooled to -12.5°C. Using this solution cellulose gel films were prepared by regeneration method with ethyl alcohol as a coagulant. 28237574 1 69 theme Cotton 127:132 arg1 linters 134:140 Cotton linters 127:140 Cotton linters 127:140 Cotton linters were dissolved in aq. 28237574 8 70 theme FTIR 1245:1248 arg1 spectroscopy 1251:1262 (FTIR) spectroscopy 1244:1262 (FTIR) spectroscopy 1244:1262 These nanocomposite films were also characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and tensile tests. 28237574 6 71 theme scanning 915:922 arg1 SEM 945:947 SEM 945:947 SEM 945:947 The AgNPs formed in the source solution were observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) while those formed in situ the films were observed by SEM and the particle size distribution was determined. 28237574 6 71 theme scanning 915:922 arg1 microscope 933:942 scanning electron microscope 915:942 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 915:948 The AgNPs formed in the source solution were observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) while those formed in situ the films were observed by SEM and the particle size distribution was determined. 28237574 5 72 theme leaf 678:681 arg1 agent 700:704 the diffused leaf extract reducing agent 665:704 the diffused leaf extract reducing agent which in situ generated the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) inside the films as well as in the source solution 665:812 The wet matrix films were dipped individually in lower concentrated 1-5mM aq.AgNO3 source solutions in the presence of sunlight and allowed the solutions to react with the diffused leaf extract reducing agent which in situ generated the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) inside the films as well as in the source solution. 28237574 2 73 theme % 166:166 arg1 urea 177:180 8% LiOH+15% urea 165:180 8% LiOH+15% urea 165:180 (8% LiOH+15% urea) that was pre-cooled to -12.5°C. Using this solution cellulose gel films were prepared by regeneration method with ethyl alcohol as a coagulant. 28237574 8 74 theme tensile 1327:1333 arg1 tests 1335:1339 tensile tests 1327:1339 tensile tests 1327:1339 These nanocomposite films were also characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and tensile tests. 28237574 8 75 theme nanocomposite 1170:1182 arg1 films 1184:1188 These nanocomposite films 1164:1188 These nanocomposite films 1164:1188 These nanocomposite films were also characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and tensile tests. 28237574 9 76 theme nanocomposite 1400:1412 arg1 films 1414:1418 the nanocomposite films 1396:1418 the nanocomposite films 1396:1418 At temperatures below 300°C, the thermal stability of the nanocomposite films was lower than that of the matrix due to the catalytic effect of AgNPs. 28237574 7 77 dep Escherichia 1137:1147 arg1 coli 1149:1152 coli 1149:1152 coli 1149:1152 The cellulose/AgNP composite films showed good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli bacteria. 28237574 10 78 theme tensile 1536:1542 arg1 properties 1544:1553 good tensile properties 1531:1553 good tensile properties 1531:1553 The nanocomposite films also possessed good tensile properties. 28237574 5 79 theme extract 683:689 arg1 agent 700:704 the diffused leaf extract reducing agent 665:704 the diffused leaf extract reducing agent which in situ generated the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) inside the films as well as in the source solution 665:812 The wet matrix films were dipped individually in lower concentrated 1-5mM aq.AgNO3 source solutions in the presence of sunlight and allowed the solutions to react with the diffused leaf extract reducing agent which in situ generated the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) inside the films as well as in the source solution. 28237574 4 80 theme extract 435:441 arg1 matrix 489:494 the matrix 485:494 the matrix 485:494 The leaf extract diffused cellulose wet films were used as the matrix. 28237574 4 80 theme extract 435:441 arg1 films 466:470 The leaf extract diffused cellulose wet films 426:470 The leaf extract diffused cellulose wet films 426:470 The leaf extract diffused cellulose wet films were used as the matrix. 28237574 2 81 dep solution 226:233 arg1 prepared 260:267 prepared 260:267 were prepared by regeneration method with ethyl alcohol as a coagulant 255:324 (8% LiOH+15% urea) that was pre-cooled to -12.5°C. Using this solution cellulose gel films were prepared by regeneration method with ethyl alcohol as a coagulant. 28237574 7 82 theme Escherichia 1137:1147 arg1 bacteria 1154:1161 Escherichia coli bacteria 1137:1161 Escherichia coli bacteria 1137:1161 The cellulose/AgNP composite films showed good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli bacteria. 28237574 6 83 theme source 839:844 arg1 solution 846:853 the source solution 835:853 the source solution 835:853 The AgNPs formed in the source solution were observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) while those formed in situ the films were observed by SEM and the particle size distribution was determined. 27305345 0 0 theme Cellulose-Stabilized 97:116 arg1 Injection 145:153 Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Stabilized Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Injection 83:153 Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Stabilized Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Injection 83:153 Long-Term Field Study of Microbial Community and Dechlorinating Activity Following Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Stabilized Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Injection. 27305345 9 1 dep Dehalococcoides 1359:1373 arg1 e.g. 1353:1356 e.g. 1353:1356 e.g. 1353:1356 Furthermore, nZVI-CMC addition stimulated dehalogenator growth (e.g., Dehalococcoides) and biotic degradation of chlorinated ethenes. 27305345 7 2 theme dechlorinating 1032:1045 arg1 Dehalococcoides 1054:1068 the dechlorinating genera Dehalococcoides and Dehalogenimonas 1028:1088 Dehalococcoides 1054:1068 Following nZVI-CMC injection, a clear shift in microbial community was observed, with most notable increases in the dechlorinating genera Dehalococcoides and Dehalogenimonas. 27305345 3 3 from site 419:422 arg1 composition 389:399 the microbial community composition 365:399 the microbial community composition at a contaminated site 365:422 In this study, the microbial community composition at a contaminated site was monitored over two years following the injection of nZVI stabilized with carboxymethyl cellulose (nZVI-CMC). 27305345 5 4 theme Dehalococcoides 673:687 arg1 genes 731:735 Dehalococcoides (Dhc) and vinyl chloride reductase (vcrA) genes 673:735 Dehalococcoides (Dhc) and vinyl chloride reductase (vcrA) genes 673:735 The abundance of Dehalococcoides (Dhc) and vinyl chloride reductase (vcrA) genes, monitored using qPCR, increased by over an order of magnitude in nZVI-CMC-impacted wells. 27305345 7 5 theme microbial 963:971 arg1 community 973:981 microbial community 963:981 microbial community 963:981 Following nZVI-CMC injection, a clear shift in microbial community was observed, with most notable increases in the dechlorinating genera Dehalococcoides and Dehalogenimonas. 27305345 0 6 theme Zero-Valent 128:138 arg1 Injection 145:153 Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Stabilized Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Injection 83:153 Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Stabilized Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Injection 83:153 Long-Term Field Study of Microbial Community and Dechlorinating Activity Following Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Stabilized Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Injection. 27305345 9 7 theme nZVI-CMC 1302:1309 arg1 addition 1311:1318 nZVI-CMC addition 1302:1318 nZVI-CMC addition 1302:1318 Furthermore, nZVI-CMC addition stimulated dehalogenator growth (e.g., Dehalococcoides) and biotic degradation of chlorinated ethenes. 27305345 8 8 with reaction 1156:1163 arg1 nZVI 1170:1173 nZVI 1170:1173 nZVI 1170:1173 This study suggests that coupled abiotic degradation (i.e., from reaction with nZVI) and biotic degradation fueled by CMC led to the long-term degradation of chlorinated ethenes at this field site. 27305345 0 9 theme Nanoscale 118:126 arg1 Injection 145:153 Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Stabilized Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Injection 83:153 Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Stabilized Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Injection 83:153 Long-Term Field Study of Microbial Community and Dechlorinating Activity Following Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Stabilized Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Injection. 27305345 6 10 theme amplicon 891:898 arg1 pyrosequencing 900:913 16S rRNA gene amplicon pyrosequencing 877:913 16S rRNA gene amplicon pyrosequencing 877:913 The entire microbial community was tracked using 16S rRNA gene amplicon pyrosequencing. 27305345 2 11 dep in 319:320 arg1 situ 322:325 situ 322:325 situ 322:325 However, there are concerns related to the impact of nZVI on in situ microbial communities. 27305345 8 12 theme biotic 1180:1185 arg1 degradation 1187:1197 biotic degradation 1180:1197 biotic degradation 1180:1197 This study suggests that coupled abiotic degradation (i.e., from reaction with nZVI) and biotic degradation fueled by CMC led to the long-term degradation of chlorinated ethenes at this field site. 27305345 6 13 theme gene 886:889 arg1 pyrosequencing 900:913 16S rRNA gene amplicon pyrosequencing 877:913 16S rRNA gene amplicon pyrosequencing 877:913 The entire microbial community was tracked using 16S rRNA gene amplicon pyrosequencing. 27305345 2 14 dep are 273:275 arg1 concerns 277:284 concerns 277:284 are concerns related to the impact of nZVI on in situ microbial communities 273:347 However, there are concerns related to the impact of nZVI on in situ microbial communities. 27305345 0 15 theme Iron 140:143 arg1 Injection 145:153 Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Stabilized Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Injection 83:153 Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Stabilized Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Injection 83:153 Long-Term Field Study of Microbial Community and Dechlorinating Activity Following Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Stabilized Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Injection. 27305345 6 16 theme rRNA 881:884 arg1 pyrosequencing 900:913 16S rRNA gene amplicon pyrosequencing 877:913 16S rRNA gene amplicon pyrosequencing 877:913 The entire microbial community was tracked using 16S rRNA gene amplicon pyrosequencing. 27305345 9 17 theme chlorinated 1402:1412 arg1 ethenes 1414:1420 chlorinated ethenes 1402:1420 chlorinated ethenes 1402:1420 Furthermore, nZVI-CMC addition stimulated dehalogenator growth (e.g., Dehalococcoides) and biotic degradation of chlorinated ethenes. 27305345 1 18 theme emerging 195:202 arg1 technology 204:213 an emerging technology 192:213 an emerging technology for the remediation of contaminated sites 192:255 Nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) is an emerging technology for the remediation of contaminated sites. 27305345 1 18 theme emerging 195:202 arg1 iron 177:180 Nanoscale zerovalent iron 156:180 Nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) 156:187 Nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) is an emerging technology for the remediation of contaminated sites. 27305345 0 19 theme Field 10:14 arg1 Study 16:20 Long-Term Field Study 0:20 Long-Term Field Study of Microbial Community and Dechlorinating Activity 0:71 Long-Term Field Study of Microbial Community and Dechlorinating Activity Following Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Stabilized Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Injection. 27305345 6 20 theme 16S 877:879 arg1 pyrosequencing 900:913 16S rRNA gene amplicon pyrosequencing 877:913 16S rRNA gene amplicon pyrosequencing 877:913 The entire microbial community was tracked using 16S rRNA gene amplicon pyrosequencing. 27305345 8 21 from degradation 1234:1244 arg1 site 1283:1286 this field site 1272:1286 this field site 1272:1286 This study suggests that coupled abiotic degradation (i.e., from reaction with nZVI) and biotic degradation fueled by CMC led to the long-term degradation of chlorinated ethenes at this field site. 27305345 7 22 theme clear 948:952 arg1 shift 954:958 a clear shift 946:958 a clear shift in microbial community 946:981 Following nZVI-CMC injection, a clear shift in microbial community was observed, with most notable increases in the dechlorinating genera Dehalococcoides and Dehalogenimonas. 27305345 8 23 theme ethenes 1261:1267 arg1 degradation 1234:1244 the long-term degradation 1220:1244 the long-term degradation of chlorinated ethenes at this field site 1220:1286 This study suggests that coupled abiotic degradation (i.e., from reaction with nZVI) and biotic degradation fueled by CMC led to the long-term degradation of chlorinated ethenes at this field site. 27305345 0 24 theme Long-Term 0:8 arg1 Study 16:20 Long-Term Field Study 0:20 Long-Term Field Study of Microbial Community and Dechlorinating Activity 0:71 Long-Term Field Study of Microbial Community and Dechlorinating Activity Following Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Stabilized Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Injection. 27305345 4 25 theme ethenes 576:582 arg1 dechlorination 546:559 Enhanced dechlorination 537:559 Enhanced dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes to nontoxic ethene 537:601 Enhanced dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes to nontoxic ethene was observed long after the expected nZVI oxidation. 27305345 2 26 theme in 319:320 arg1 communities 337:347 in situ microbial communities 319:347 in situ microbial communities 319:347 However, there are concerns related to the impact of nZVI on in situ microbial communities. 27305345 8 27 theme chlorinated 1249:1259 arg1 ethenes 1261:1267 chlorinated ethenes 1249:1267 chlorinated ethenes at this field site 1249:1286 This study suggests that coupled abiotic degradation (i.e., from reaction with nZVI) and biotic degradation fueled by CMC led to the long-term degradation of chlorinated ethenes at this field site. 27305345 3 28 theme microbial 369:377 arg1 composition 389:399 the microbial community composition 365:399 the microbial community composition at a contaminated site 365:422 In this study, the microbial community composition at a contaminated site was monitored over two years following the injection of nZVI stabilized with carboxymethyl cellulose (nZVI-CMC). 27305345 4 29 theme chlorinated 564:574 arg1 ethenes 576:582 chlorinated ethenes 564:582 chlorinated ethenes 564:582 Enhanced dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes to nontoxic ethene was observed long after the expected nZVI oxidation. 27305345 5 30 theme reductase 714:722 arg1 genes 731:735 Dehalococcoides (Dhc) and vinyl chloride reductase (vcrA) genes 673:735 Dehalococcoides (Dhc) and vinyl chloride reductase (vcrA) genes 673:735 The abundance of Dehalococcoides (Dhc) and vinyl chloride reductase (vcrA) genes, monitored using qPCR, increased by over an order of magnitude in nZVI-CMC-impacted wells. 27305345 3 31 theme community 379:387 arg1 composition 389:399 the microbial community composition 365:399 the microbial community composition at a contaminated site 365:422 In this study, the microbial community composition at a contaminated site was monitored over two years following the injection of nZVI stabilized with carboxymethyl cellulose (nZVI-CMC). 27305345 4 32 theme nontoxic 587:594 arg1 ethene 596:601 nontoxic ethene 587:601 nontoxic ethene 587:601 Enhanced dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes to nontoxic ethene was observed long after the expected nZVI oxidation. 27305345 2 33 theme nZVI 311:314 arg1 impact 301:306 the impact 297:306 the impact of nZVI on in situ microbial communities 297:347 However, there are concerns related to the impact of nZVI on in situ microbial communities. 27305345 0 34 theme Community 35:43 arg1 Study 16:20 Long-Term Field Study 0:20 Long-Term Field Study of Microbial Community and Dechlorinating Activity 0:71 Long-Term Field Study of Microbial Community and Dechlorinating Activity Following Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Stabilized Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Injection. 27305345 3 35 theme carboxymethyl 501:513 arg1 nZVI-CMC 526:533 nZVI-CMC 526:533 nZVI-CMC 526:533 In this study, the microbial community composition at a contaminated site was monitored over two years following the injection of nZVI stabilized with carboxymethyl cellulose (nZVI-CMC). 27305345 3 35 theme carboxymethyl 501:513 arg1 cellulose 515:523 carboxymethyl cellulose 501:523 carboxymethyl cellulose (nZVI-CMC) 501:534 In this study, the microbial community composition at a contaminated site was monitored over two years following the injection of nZVI stabilized with carboxymethyl cellulose (nZVI-CMC). 27305345 8 36 theme coupled 1116:1122 arg1 degradation 1132:1142 coupled abiotic degradation 1116:1142 coupled abiotic degradation (i.e., from reaction with nZVI) 1116:1174 This study suggests that coupled abiotic degradation (i.e., from reaction with nZVI) and biotic degradation fueled by CMC led to the long-term degradation of chlorinated ethenes at this field site. 27305345 9 37 theme ethenes 1414:1420 arg1 degradation 1387:1397 biotic degradation 1380:1397 biotic degradation of chlorinated ethenes 1380:1420 Furthermore, nZVI-CMC addition stimulated dehalogenator growth (e.g., Dehalococcoides) and biotic degradation of chlorinated ethenes. 27305345 9 37 theme ethenes 1414:1420 arg1 Dehalococcoides 1359:1373 Dehalococcoides 1359:1373 Dehalococcoides 1359:1373 Furthermore, nZVI-CMC addition stimulated dehalogenator growth (e.g., Dehalococcoides) and biotic degradation of chlorinated ethenes. 27305345 9 37 theme ethenes 1414:1420 arg1 growth 1345:1350 dehalogenator growth 1331:1350 dehalogenator growth (e.g., Dehalococcoides) 1331:1374 Furthermore, nZVI-CMC addition stimulated dehalogenator growth (e.g., Dehalococcoides) and biotic degradation of chlorinated ethenes. 27305345 7 38 from increases 1015:1023 arg1 Dehalogenimonas 1074:1088 Dehalogenimonas 1074:1088 Dehalogenimonas 1074:1088 Following nZVI-CMC injection, a clear shift in microbial community was observed, with most notable increases in the dechlorinating genera Dehalococcoides and Dehalogenimonas. 27305345 7 38 from increases 1015:1023 arg1 Dehalococcoides 1054:1068 the dechlorinating genera Dehalococcoides and Dehalogenimonas 1028:1088 Dehalococcoides 1054:1068 Following nZVI-CMC injection, a clear shift in microbial community was observed, with most notable increases in the dechlorinating genera Dehalococcoides and Dehalogenimonas. 27305345 0 39 theme Microbial 25:33 arg1 Community 35:43 Microbial Community 25:43 Microbial Community 25:43 Long-Term Field Study of Microbial Community and Dechlorinating Activity Following Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Stabilized Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Injection. 27305345 4 40 theme Enhanced 537:544 arg1 dechlorination 546:559 Enhanced dechlorination 537:559 Enhanced dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes to nontoxic ethene 537:601 Enhanced dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes to nontoxic ethene was observed long after the expected nZVI oxidation. 27305345 5 41 theme nZVI-CMC-impacted 803:819 arg1 wells 821:825 nZVI-CMC-impacted wells 803:825 nZVI-CMC-impacted wells 803:825 The abundance of Dehalococcoides (Dhc) and vinyl chloride reductase (vcrA) genes, monitored using qPCR, increased by over an order of magnitude in nZVI-CMC-impacted wells. 27305345 1 42 theme contaminated 238:249 arg1 sites 251:255 contaminated sites 238:255 contaminated sites 238:255 Nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) is an emerging technology for the remediation of contaminated sites. 27305345 0 43 theme Dechlorinating 49:62 arg1 Activity 64:71 Dechlorinating Activity 49:71 Dechlorinating Activity 49:71 Long-Term Field Study of Microbial Community and Dechlorinating Activity Following Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Stabilized Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Injection. 27305345 5 44 theme genes 731:735 arg1 abundance 660:668 The abundance 656:668 The abundance 656:668 The abundance of Dehalococcoides (Dhc) and vinyl chloride reductase (vcrA) genes, monitored using qPCR, increased by over an order of magnitude in nZVI-CMC-impacted wells. 27305345 7 45 theme genera 1047:1052 arg1 Dehalococcoides 1054:1068 the dechlorinating genera Dehalococcoides and Dehalogenimonas 1028:1088 Dehalococcoides 1054:1068 Following nZVI-CMC injection, a clear shift in microbial community was observed, with most notable increases in the dechlorinating genera Dehalococcoides and Dehalogenimonas. 27305345 9 46 theme dehalogenator 1331:1343 arg1 Dehalococcoides 1359:1373 Dehalococcoides 1359:1373 Dehalococcoides 1359:1373 Furthermore, nZVI-CMC addition stimulated dehalogenator growth (e.g., Dehalococcoides) and biotic degradation of chlorinated ethenes. 27305345 9 46 theme dehalogenator 1331:1343 arg1 growth 1345:1350 dehalogenator growth 1331:1350 dehalogenator growth (e.g., Dehalococcoides) 1331:1374 Furthermore, nZVI-CMC addition stimulated dehalogenator growth (e.g., Dehalococcoides) and biotic degradation of chlorinated ethenes. 27305345 3 47 theme contaminated 406:417 arg1 site 419:422 a contaminated site 404:422 a contaminated site 404:422 In this study, the microbial community composition at a contaminated site was monitored over two years following the injection of nZVI stabilized with carboxymethyl cellulose (nZVI-CMC). 27305345 9 48 theme biotic 1380:1385 arg1 degradation 1387:1397 biotic degradation 1380:1397 biotic degradation of chlorinated ethenes 1380:1420 Furthermore, nZVI-CMC addition stimulated dehalogenator growth (e.g., Dehalococcoides) and biotic degradation of chlorinated ethenes. 27305345 8 49 theme abiotic 1124:1130 arg1 degradation 1132:1142 coupled abiotic degradation 1116:1142 coupled abiotic degradation (i.e., from reaction with nZVI) 1116:1174 This study suggests that coupled abiotic degradation (i.e., from reaction with nZVI) and biotic degradation fueled by CMC led to the long-term degradation of chlorinated ethenes at this field site. 27305345 6 50 theme microbial 839:847 arg1 community 849:857 The entire microbial community 828:857 The entire microbial community 828:857 The entire microbial community was tracked using 16S rRNA gene amplicon pyrosequencing. 27305345 1 51 theme Nanoscale 156:164 arg1 technology 204:213 an emerging technology 192:213 an emerging technology for the remediation of contaminated sites 192:255 Nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) is an emerging technology for the remediation of contaminated sites. 27305345 1 51 theme Nanoscale 156:164 arg1 nZVI 183:186 nZVI 183:186 nZVI 183:186 Nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) is an emerging technology for the remediation of contaminated sites. 27305345 1 51 theme Nanoscale 156:164 arg1 iron 177:180 Nanoscale zerovalent iron 156:180 Nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) 156:187 Nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) is an emerging technology for the remediation of contaminated sites. 27305345 5 52 theme vinyl 699:703 arg1 chloride 705:712 vinyl chloride 699:712 vinyl chloride reductase (vcrA) 699:729 The abundance of Dehalococcoides (Dhc) and vinyl chloride reductase (vcrA) genes, monitored using qPCR, increased by over an order of magnitude in nZVI-CMC-impacted wells. 27305345 6 53 theme entire 832:837 arg1 community 849:857 The entire microbial community 828:857 The entire microbial community 828:857 The entire microbial community was tracked using 16S rRNA gene amplicon pyrosequencing. 27305345 7 54 theme notable 1007:1013 arg1 increases 1015:1023 most notable increases 1002:1023 most notable increases in the dechlorinating genera Dehalococcoides and Dehalogenimonas 1002:1088 Following nZVI-CMC injection, a clear shift in microbial community was observed, with most notable increases in the dechlorinating genera Dehalococcoides and Dehalogenimonas. 27305345 1 55 theme zerovalent 166:175 arg1 technology 204:213 an emerging technology 192:213 an emerging technology for the remediation of contaminated sites 192:255 Nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) is an emerging technology for the remediation of contaminated sites. 27305345 1 55 theme zerovalent 166:175 arg1 nZVI 183:186 nZVI 183:186 nZVI 183:186 Nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) is an emerging technology for the remediation of contaminated sites. 27305345 1 55 theme zerovalent 166:175 arg1 iron 177:180 Nanoscale zerovalent iron 156:180 Nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) 156:187 Nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) is an emerging technology for the remediation of contaminated sites. 27305345 7 56 theme nZVI-CMC 926:933 arg1 injection 935:943 nZVI-CMC injection 926:943 nZVI-CMC injection 926:943 Following nZVI-CMC injection, a clear shift in microbial community was observed, with most notable increases in the dechlorinating genera Dehalococcoides and Dehalogenimonas. 27305345 1 57 theme sites 251:255 arg1 remediation 223:233 the remediation 219:233 the remediation of contaminated sites 219:255 Nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) is an emerging technology for the remediation of contaminated sites. 27305345 5 58 theme chloride 705:712 arg1 vcrA 725:728 vcrA 725:728 vcrA 725:728 The abundance of Dehalococcoides (Dhc) and vinyl chloride reductase (vcrA) genes, monitored using qPCR, increased by over an order of magnitude in nZVI-CMC-impacted wells. 27305345 5 58 theme chloride 705:712 arg1 reductase 714:722 vinyl chloride reductase 699:722 vinyl chloride reductase (vcrA) 699:729 The abundance of Dehalococcoides (Dhc) and vinyl chloride reductase (vcrA) genes, monitored using qPCR, increased by over an order of magnitude in nZVI-CMC-impacted wells. 27305345 8 59 from site 1283:1286 arg1 degradation 1234:1244 the long-term degradation 1220:1244 the long-term degradation of chlorinated ethenes at this field site 1220:1286 This study suggests that coupled abiotic degradation (i.e., from reaction with nZVI) and biotic degradation fueled by CMC led to the long-term degradation of chlorinated ethenes at this field site. 27305345 8 59 from site 1283:1286 arg1 ethenes 1261:1267 chlorinated ethenes 1249:1267 chlorinated ethenes at this field site 1249:1286 This study suggests that coupled abiotic degradation (i.e., from reaction with nZVI) and biotic degradation fueled by CMC led to the long-term degradation of chlorinated ethenes at this field site. 27305345 2 60 theme microbial 327:335 arg1 communities 337:347 in situ microbial communities 319:347 in situ microbial communities 319:347 However, there are concerns related to the impact of nZVI on in situ microbial communities. 27305345 8 61 theme long-term 1224:1232 arg1 degradation 1234:1244 the long-term degradation 1220:1244 the long-term degradation of chlorinated ethenes at this field site 1220:1286 This study suggests that coupled abiotic degradation (i.e., from reaction with nZVI) and biotic degradation fueled by CMC led to the long-term degradation of chlorinated ethenes at this field site. 27305345 3 62 theme nZVI 480:483 arg1 injection 467:475 the injection 463:475 the injection of nZVI stabilized with carboxymethyl cellulose (nZVI-CMC) 463:534 In this study, the microbial community composition at a contaminated site was monitored over two years following the injection of nZVI stabilized with carboxymethyl cellulose (nZVI-CMC). 27305345 8 63 theme field 1277:1281 arg1 site 1283:1286 this field site 1272:1286 this field site 1272:1286 This study suggests that coupled abiotic degradation (i.e., from reaction with nZVI) and biotic degradation fueled by CMC led to the long-term degradation of chlorinated ethenes at this field site. 27305345 7 64 from shift 954:958 arg1 community 973:981 microbial community 963:981 microbial community 963:981 Following nZVI-CMC injection, a clear shift in microbial community was observed, with most notable increases in the dechlorinating genera Dehalococcoides and Dehalogenimonas. 27305345 2 65 from impact 301:306 arg1 communities 337:347 in situ microbial communities 319:347 in situ microbial communities 319:347 However, there are concerns related to the impact of nZVI on in situ microbial communities. 27305345 4 66 theme nZVI 640:643 arg1 oxidation 645:653 the expected nZVI oxidation 627:653 the expected nZVI oxidation 627:653 Enhanced dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes to nontoxic ethene was observed long after the expected nZVI oxidation. 27305345 0 67 theme Activity 64:71 arg1 Study 16:20 Long-Term Field Study 0:20 Long-Term Field Study of Microbial Community and Dechlorinating Activity 0:71 Long-Term Field Study of Microbial Community and Dechlorinating Activity Following Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Stabilized Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Injection. 27305345 5 68 from order 781:785 arg1 wells 821:825 nZVI-CMC-impacted wells 803:825 nZVI-CMC-impacted wells 803:825 The abundance of Dehalococcoides (Dhc) and vinyl chloride reductase (vcrA) genes, monitored using qPCR, increased by over an order of magnitude in nZVI-CMC-impacted wells. 27305345 5 69 theme magnitude 790:798 arg1 order 781:785 an order 778:785 an order of magnitude in nZVI-CMC-impacted wells 778:825 The abundance of Dehalococcoides (Dhc) and vinyl chloride reductase (vcrA) genes, monitored using qPCR, increased by over an order of magnitude in nZVI-CMC-impacted wells. 27305345 4 70 theme expected 631:638 arg1 oxidation 645:653 the expected nZVI oxidation 627:653 the expected nZVI oxidation 627:653 Enhanced dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes to nontoxic ethene was observed long after the expected nZVI oxidation. 28415431 0 0 theme HT-29 89:93 arg1 cells 102:106 HT-29 cancer cells 89:106 HT-29 cancer cells 89:106 In vitro cytotoxicity study of dual drug loaded chitosan/palladium nanocomposite towards HT-29 cancer cells. 28415431 7 1 theme colon 1125:1129 arg1 cells 1138:1142 colon cancer cells 1125:1142 colon cancer cells 1125:1142 The cytotoxicity of the drug loaded nanocomposites on colon cancer cells has been studied, which shows the effectiveness of the composite system towards successfully inhibiting the growth of cancer cells. 28415431 7 2 theme cancer 1131:1136 arg1 cells 1138:1142 colon cancer cells 1125:1142 colon cancer cells 1125:1142 The cytotoxicity of the drug loaded nanocomposites on colon cancer cells has been studied, which shows the effectiveness of the composite system towards successfully inhibiting the growth of cancer cells. 28415431 7 3 from cells 1138:1142 arg1 cytotoxicity 1075:1086 The cytotoxicity 1071:1086 The cytotoxicity of the drug loaded nanocomposites on colon cancer cells 1071:1142 The cytotoxicity of the drug loaded nanocomposites on colon cancer cells has been studied, which shows the effectiveness of the composite system towards successfully inhibiting the growth of cancer cells. 28415431 2 4 theme CS/Pd 315:319 arg1 nanocomposite 321:333 CS/Pd nanocomposite 315:333 CS/Pd nanocomposite 315:333 In the present study, CS/Pd nanocomposite has been prepared using cost effective chemical reduction method and has been used for the delivery of curcumin (CUR) and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) separately and in a conjugated form. 28415431 5 5 from system 905:910 arg1 release 869:875 the constant release 856:875 the constant release of drugs from drug delivery system 856:910 The release profile is mostly seen to adhere to zero order kinetics which represents the constant release of drugs from drug delivery system. 28415431 6 6 theme favored 930:936 arg1 release 938:944 the most favored release 921:944 the most favored release kinetic as this leads to the prolonged release of the drug, thus leading to a reduction in the number of doses administered 921:1068 This is the most favored release kinetic as this leads to the prolonged release of the drug, thus leading to a reduction in the number of doses administered. 28415431 6 6 theme favored 930:936 arg1 This 913:916 This 913:916 This 913:916 This is the most favored release kinetic as this leads to the prolonged release of the drug, thus leading to a reduction in the number of doses administered. 28415431 7 7 theme nanocomposites 1107:1120 arg1 cytotoxicity 1075:1086 The cytotoxicity 1071:1086 The cytotoxicity of the drug loaded nanocomposites on colon cancer cells 1071:1142 The cytotoxicity of the drug loaded nanocomposites on colon cancer cells has been studied, which shows the effectiveness of the composite system towards successfully inhibiting the growth of cancer cells. 28415431 5 8 theme delivery 896:903 arg1 system 905:910 drug delivery system 891:910 drug delivery system 891:910 The release profile is mostly seen to adhere to zero order kinetics which represents the constant release of drugs from drug delivery system. 28415431 0 9 theme cancer 95:100 arg1 cells 102:106 HT-29 cancer cells 89:106 HT-29 cancer cells 89:106 In vitro cytotoxicity study of dual drug loaded chitosan/palladium nanocomposite towards HT-29 cancer cells. 28415431 4 10 theme drugs 655:659 arg1 release 644:650 The release 640:650 The release of drugs from the nanocomposite with respect to time 640:703 The release of drugs from the nanocomposite with respect to time has been analyzed and the release kinetics has also been studied. 28415431 7 11 from cytotoxicity 1075:1086 arg1 cells 1138:1142 colon cancer cells 1125:1142 colon cancer cells 1125:1142 The cytotoxicity of the drug loaded nanocomposites on colon cancer cells has been studied, which shows the effectiveness of the composite system towards successfully inhibiting the growth of cancer cells. 28415431 6 12 theme prolonged 975:983 arg1 release 985:991 the prolonged release 971:991 the prolonged release of the drug 971:1003 This is the most favored release kinetic as this leads to the prolonged release of the drug, thus leading to a reduction in the number of doses administered. 28415431 4 13 theme release 731:737 arg1 kinetics 739:746 the release kinetics 727:746 the release kinetics 727:746 The release of drugs from the nanocomposite with respect to time has been analyzed and the release kinetics has also been studied. 28415431 2 14 theme effective 364:372 arg1 method 393:398 cost effective chemical reduction method 359:398 cost effective chemical reduction method 359:398 In the present study, CS/Pd nanocomposite has been prepared using cost effective chemical reduction method and has been used for the delivery of curcumin (CUR) and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) separately and in a conjugated form. 28415431 2 15 theme 5-Fluorouracil 457:470 arg1 delivery 426:433 the delivery 422:433 the delivery of curcumin (CUR) and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) separately and in a conjugated form 422:513 In the present study, CS/Pd nanocomposite has been prepared using cost effective chemical reduction method and has been used for the delivery of curcumin (CUR) and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) separately and in a conjugated form. 28415431 2 16 used used 413:416 arg2 nanocomposite 321:333 CS/Pd nanocomposite 315:333 CS/Pd nanocomposite 315:333 In the present study, CS/Pd nanocomposite has been prepared using cost effective chemical reduction method and has been used for the delivery of curcumin (CUR) and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) separately and in a conjugated form. 28415431 0 17 theme dual 31:34 arg1 drug 36:39 dual drug 31:39 dual drug 31:39 In vitro cytotoxicity study of dual drug loaded chitosan/palladium nanocomposite towards HT-29 cancer cells. 28415431 6 18 theme drug 1000:1003 arg1 release 985:991 the prolonged release 971:991 the prolonged release of the drug 971:1003 This is the most favored release kinetic as this leads to the prolonged release of the drug, thus leading to a reduction in the number of doses administered. 28415431 6 19 dep leads 962:966 arg1 kinetic 946:952 kinetic 946:952 kinetic 946:952 This is the most favored release kinetic as this leads to the prolonged release of the drug, thus leading to a reduction in the number of doses administered. 28415431 5 20 theme drugs 880:884 arg1 release 869:875 the constant release 856:875 the constant release of drugs from drug delivery system 856:910 The release profile is mostly seen to adhere to zero order kinetics which represents the constant release of drugs from drug delivery system. 28415431 7 21 dep loaded 1100:1105 arg1 drug 1095:1098 drug 1095:1098 drug 1095:1098 The cytotoxicity of the drug loaded nanocomposites on colon cancer cells has been studied, which shows the effectiveness of the composite system towards successfully inhibiting the growth of cancer cells. 28415431 0 22 theme In 0:1 arg1 study 22:26 In vitro cytotoxicity study 0:26 In vitro cytotoxicity study of dual drug 0:39 In vitro cytotoxicity study of dual drug loaded chitosan/palladium nanocomposite towards HT-29 cancer cells. 28415431 7 23 theme cancer 1262:1267 arg1 cells 1269:1273 cancer cells 1262:1273 cancer cells 1262:1273 The cytotoxicity of the drug loaded nanocomposites on colon cancer cells has been studied, which shows the effectiveness of the composite system towards successfully inhibiting the growth of cancer cells. 28415431 5 24 theme drug 891:894 arg1 system 905:910 drug delivery system 891:910 drug delivery system 891:910 The release profile is mostly seen to adhere to zero order kinetics which represents the constant release of drugs from drug delivery system. 28415431 7 25 theme system 1209:1214 arg1 effectiveness 1178:1190 the effectiveness 1174:1190 the effectiveness of the composite system 1174:1214 The cytotoxicity of the drug loaded nanocomposites on colon cancer cells has been studied, which shows the effectiveness of the composite system towards successfully inhibiting the growth of cancer cells. 28415431 0 26 theme cytotoxicity 9:20 arg1 study 22:26 In vitro cytotoxicity study 0:26 In vitro cytotoxicity study of dual drug 0:39 In vitro cytotoxicity study of dual drug loaded chitosan/palladium nanocomposite towards HT-29 cancer cells. 28415431 1 27 theme Conjugated 109:118 arg1 delivery 125:132 Conjugated drug delivery 109:132 Conjugated drug delivery 109:132 Conjugated drug delivery has gained immense interest due to the possibility of overcoming the resistance of cancer cells to a specific drug when treated using it for a period of time. 28415431 5 28 theme order 824:828 arg1 kinetics 830:837 zero order kinetics 819:837 zero order kinetics which represents the constant release of drugs from drug delivery system 819:910 The release profile is mostly seen to adhere to zero order kinetics which represents the constant release of drugs from drug delivery system. 28415431 2 29 theme curcumin 438:445 arg1 delivery 426:433 the delivery 422:433 the delivery of curcumin (CUR) and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) separately and in a conjugated form 422:513 In the present study, CS/Pd nanocomposite has been prepared using cost effective chemical reduction method and has been used for the delivery of curcumin (CUR) and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) separately and in a conjugated form. 28415431 7 30 theme composite 1199:1207 arg1 system 1209:1214 the composite system 1195:1214 the composite system 1195:1214 The cytotoxicity of the drug loaded nanocomposites on colon cancer cells has been studied, which shows the effectiveness of the composite system towards successfully inhibiting the growth of cancer cells. 28415431 3 31 theme various 603:609 arg1 techniques 628:637 various characterization techniques 603:637 various characterization techniques 603:637 The prepared nanocomposite before and after drug encapsulation have been studied using various characterization techniques. 28415431 2 32 theme reduction 383:391 arg1 method 393:398 cost effective chemical reduction method 359:398 cost effective chemical reduction method 359:398 In the present study, CS/Pd nanocomposite has been prepared using cost effective chemical reduction method and has been used for the delivery of curcumin (CUR) and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) separately and in a conjugated form. 28415431 7 33 from nanocomposites 1107:1120 arg1 cells 1138:1142 colon cancer cells 1125:1142 colon cancer cells 1125:1142 The cytotoxicity of the drug loaded nanocomposites on colon cancer cells has been studied, which shows the effectiveness of the composite system towards successfully inhibiting the growth of cancer cells. 28415431 1 34 theme cancer 217:222 arg1 cells 224:228 cancer cells 217:228 cancer cells 217:228 Conjugated drug delivery has gained immense interest due to the possibility of overcoming the resistance of cancer cells to a specific drug when treated using it for a period of time. 28415431 1 35 theme time 287:290 arg1 period 277:282 a period 275:282 a period of time 275:290 Conjugated drug delivery has gained immense interest due to the possibility of overcoming the resistance of cancer cells to a specific drug when treated using it for a period of time. 28415431 3 36 theme prepared 520:527 arg1 nanocomposite 529:541 The prepared nanocomposite 516:541 The prepared nanocomposite before and after drug encapsulation 516:577 The prepared nanocomposite before and after drug encapsulation have been studied using various characterization techniques. 28415431 6 37 from reduction 1024:1032 arg1 number 1041:1046 the number 1037:1046 the number of doses administered 1037:1068 This is the most favored release kinetic as this leads to the prolonged release of the drug, thus leading to a reduction in the number of doses administered. 28415431 1 38 theme drug 120:123 arg1 delivery 125:132 Conjugated drug delivery 109:132 Conjugated drug delivery 109:132 Conjugated drug delivery has gained immense interest due to the possibility of overcoming the resistance of cancer cells to a specific drug when treated using it for a period of time. 28415431 0 39 theme drug 36:39 arg1 study 22:26 In vitro cytotoxicity study 0:26 In vitro cytotoxicity study of dual drug 0:39 In vitro cytotoxicity study of dual drug loaded chitosan/palladium nanocomposite towards HT-29 cancer cells. 28415431 7 40 theme loaded 1100:1105 arg1 nanocomposites 1107:1120 the drug loaded nanocomposites 1091:1120 the drug loaded nanocomposites on colon cancer cells 1091:1142 The cytotoxicity of the drug loaded nanocomposites on colon cancer cells has been studied, which shows the effectiveness of the composite system towards successfully inhibiting the growth of cancer cells. 28415431 5 41 theme constant 860:867 arg1 release 869:875 the constant release 856:875 the constant release of drugs from drug delivery system 856:910 The release profile is mostly seen to adhere to zero order kinetics which represents the constant release of drugs from drug delivery system. 28415431 3 42 theme drug 560:563 arg1 encapsulation 565:577 drug encapsulation 560:577 drug encapsulation 560:577 The prepared nanocomposite before and after drug encapsulation have been studied using various characterization techniques. 28415431 7 43 theme cells 1269:1273 arg1 growth 1252:1257 the growth 1248:1257 the growth of cancer cells 1248:1273 The cytotoxicity of the drug loaded nanocomposites on colon cancer cells has been studied, which shows the effectiveness of the composite system towards successfully inhibiting the growth of cancer cells. 28415431 2 44 theme present 300:306 arg1 study 308:312 the present study 296:312 the present study 296:312 In the present study, CS/Pd nanocomposite has been prepared using cost effective chemical reduction method and has been used for the delivery of curcumin (CUR) and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) separately and in a conjugated form. 28415431 6 45 theme doses 1051:1055 arg1 number 1041:1046 the number 1037:1046 the number of doses administered 1037:1068 This is the most favored release kinetic as this leads to the prolonged release of the drug, thus leading to a reduction in the number of doses administered. 28415431 1 46 theme cells 224:228 arg1 resistance 203:212 the resistance 199:212 the resistance of cancer cells to a specific drug when treated using it for a period of time 199:290 Conjugated drug delivery has gained immense interest due to the possibility of overcoming the resistance of cancer cells to a specific drug when treated using it for a period of time. 28415431 2 47 theme conjugated 499:508 arg1 form 510:513 a conjugated form 497:513 a conjugated form 497:513 In the present study, CS/Pd nanocomposite has been prepared using cost effective chemical reduction method and has been used for the delivery of curcumin (CUR) and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) separately and in a conjugated form. 28415431 3 48 theme characterization 611:626 arg1 techniques 628:637 various characterization techniques 603:637 various characterization techniques 603:637 The prepared nanocomposite before and after drug encapsulation have been studied using various characterization techniques. 28415431 5 49 theme release 775:781 arg1 profile 783:789 The release profile 771:789 The release profile 771:789 The release profile is mostly seen to adhere to zero order kinetics which represents the constant release of drugs from drug delivery system. 28415431 4 50 from nanocomposite 670:682 arg1 release 644:650 The release 640:650 The release of drugs from the nanocomposite with respect to time 640:703 The release of drugs from the nanocomposite with respect to time has been analyzed and the release kinetics has also been studied. 28415431 2 51 theme chemical 374:381 arg1 method 393:398 cost effective chemical reduction method 359:398 cost effective chemical reduction method 359:398 In the present study, CS/Pd nanocomposite has been prepared using cost effective chemical reduction method and has been used for the delivery of curcumin (CUR) and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) separately and in a conjugated form. 28415431 1 52 theme immense 145:151 arg1 interest 153:160 immense interest 145:160 immense interest 145:160 Conjugated drug delivery has gained immense interest due to the possibility of overcoming the resistance of cancer cells to a specific drug when treated using it for a period of time. 28415431 0 53 theme chitosan/palladium 48:65 arg1 nanocomposite 67:79 chitosan/palladium nanocomposite 48:79 chitosan/palladium nanocomposite 48:79 In vitro cytotoxicity study of dual drug loaded chitosan/palladium nanocomposite towards HT-29 cancer cells. 28415431 0 54 dep In 0:1 arg1 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 In vitro cytotoxicity study of dual drug loaded chitosan/palladium nanocomposite towards HT-29 cancer cells. 28415431 1 55 theme specific 235:242 arg1 drug 244:247 a specific drug 233:247 a specific drug when treated using it for a period of time 233:290 Conjugated drug delivery has gained immense interest due to the possibility of overcoming the resistance of cancer cells to a specific drug when treated using it for a period of time. 25766777 0 0 theme mycobacterial 159:171 arg1 research 191:198 mycobacterial capsular α-glucan research 159:198 mycobacterial capsular α-glucan research 159:198 A murine monoclonal antibody to glycogen: characterization of epitope-fine specificity by saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy and its use in mycobacterial capsular α-glucan research. 25766777 3 1 theme many 492:495 arg1 studies 497:503 many studies 492:503 many studies 492:503 Although many studies have focused on the composition and functioning of the mycobacterial cell envelope, the capsular α-glucan has received relatively minor attention. 25766777 8 2 from insoluble 1355:1363 arg1 mutant 1303:1308 the mutant 1299:1308 the mutant 1299:1308 These seemingly conflicting data can be explained by the fact that in the mutant the linear form of the α-glucan (amylose) is insoluble. 25766777 0 3 theme α-glucan 182:189 arg1 research 191:198 mycobacterial capsular α-glucan research 159:198 mycobacterial capsular α-glucan research 159:198 A murine monoclonal antibody to glycogen: characterization of epitope-fine specificity by saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy and its use in mycobacterial capsular α-glucan research. 25766777 9 4 theme capsular 1438:1445 arg1 research 1456:1463 capsular α-glucan research 1438:1463 capsular α-glucan research 1438:1463 This Mab was subsequently used to develop several techniques helpful in capsular α-glucan research. 25766777 8 5 from mutant 1303:1308 arg1 insoluble 1355:1363 insoluble 1355:1363 insoluble 1355:1363 These seemingly conflicting data can be explained by the fact that in the mutant the linear form of the α-glucan (amylose) is insoluble. 25766777 8 5 from mutant 1303:1308 arg1 form 1321:1324 the linear form 1310:1324 the linear form of the α-glucan (amylose) 1310:1350 These seemingly conflicting data can be explained by the fact that in the mutant the linear form of the α-glucan (amylose) is insoluble. 25766777 1 6 theme Mycobacterium 201:213 arg1 agent 243:247 the causative agent 229:247 the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB) 229:268 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is a major pathogen responsible for 1.5 million deaths annually. 25766777 1 6 theme Mycobacterium 201:213 arg1 tuberculosis 215:226 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 201:226 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 201:226 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is a major pathogen responsible for 1.5 million deaths annually. 25766777 1 6 theme Mycobacterium 201:213 arg1 pathogen 282:289 a major pathogen 274:289 a major pathogen responsible for 1.5 million deaths annually 274:333 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is a major pathogen responsible for 1.5 million deaths annually. 25766777 0 7 theme NMR 127:129 arg1 spectroscopy 131:142 saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy 90:142 saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy 90:142 A murine monoclonal antibody to glycogen: characterization of epitope-fine specificity by saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy and its use in mycobacterial capsular α-glucan research. 25766777 5 8 link -linked 948:954 arg1 important 977:985 important 977:985 important 977:985 We identified the Mab epitope specificity by saturation transfer difference NMR and show that the α(1-4)-linked glucose residues are important in glucan-Mab interaction. 25766777 5 8 link -linked 948:954 arg1 residues 964:971 the α(1-4)-linked glucose residues 938:971 the α(1-4)-linked glucose residues 938:971 We identified the Mab epitope specificity by saturation transfer difference NMR and show that the α(1-4)-linked glucose residues are important in glucan-Mab interaction. 25766777 10 9 theme capsular 1477:1484 arg1 methodology 1503:1513 a capsular glucan-screening methodology 1475:1513 a capsular glucan-screening methodology based on this Mab 1475:1531 By using a capsular glucan-screening methodology based on this Mab we were able to identify several unknown genes involved in capsular α-glucan biogenesis. 25766777 11 10 theme α-glucan 1691:1698 arg1 levels 1700:1705 capsular α-glucan levels 1682:1705 capsular α-glucan levels 1682:1705 Additionally, we developed two methods for the detection of capsular α-glucan levels. 25766777 3 11 theme cell 574:577 arg1 envelope 579:586 the mycobacterial cell envelope 556:586 the mycobacterial cell envelope 556:586 Although many studies have focused on the composition and functioning of the mycobacterial cell envelope, the capsular α-glucan has received relatively minor attention. 25766777 5 12 theme epitope 866:872 arg1 specificity 874:884 the Mab epitope specificity 858:884 the Mab epitope specificity 858:884 We identified the Mab epitope specificity by saturation transfer difference NMR and show that the α(1-4)-linked glucose residues are important in glucan-Mab interaction. 25766777 9 13 theme α-glucan 1447:1454 arg1 research 1456:1463 capsular α-glucan research 1438:1463 capsular α-glucan research 1438:1463 This Mab was subsequently used to develop several techniques helpful in capsular α-glucan research. 25766777 5 14 theme glucan-Mab 990:999 arg1 interaction 1001:1011 glucan-Mab interaction 990:1011 glucan-Mab interaction 990:1011 We identified the Mab epitope specificity by saturation transfer difference NMR and show that the α(1-4)-linked glucose residues are important in glucan-Mab interaction. 25766777 9 15 used used 1392:1395 arg2 Mab 1371:1373 This Mab 1366:1373 This Mab 1366:1373 This Mab was subsequently used to develop several techniques helpful in capsular α-glucan research. 25766777 5 16 from interaction 1001:1011 arg1 important 977:985 important 977:985 important 977:985 We identified the Mab epitope specificity by saturation transfer difference NMR and show that the α(1-4)-linked glucose residues are important in glucan-Mab interaction. 25766777 5 16 from interaction 1001:1011 arg1 residues 964:971 the α(1-4)-linked glucose residues 938:971 the α(1-4)-linked glucose residues 938:971 We identified the Mab epitope specificity by saturation transfer difference NMR and show that the α(1-4)-linked glucose residues are important in glucan-Mab interaction. 25766777 1 17 theme million 311:317 arg1 annually 326:333 1.5 million deaths annually 307:333 1.5 million deaths annually 307:333 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is a major pathogen responsible for 1.5 million deaths annually. 25766777 3 18 theme capsular 593:600 arg1 α-glucan 602:609 the capsular α-glucan 589:609 the capsular α-glucan 589:609 Although many studies have focused on the composition and functioning of the mycobacterial cell envelope, the capsular α-glucan has received relatively minor attention. 25766777 4 19 theme monoclonal 679:688 arg1 Mab 700:702 Mab 700:702 Mab 700:702 Here we show that a murine monoclonal antibody (Mab) directed against glycogen cross-reacts with mycobacterial α-glucans, polymers of α(1-4)-linked glucose residues with α(1-6)-branch points. 25766777 4 19 theme monoclonal 679:688 arg1 antibody 690:697 a murine monoclonal antibody 670:697 a murine monoclonal antibody (Mab) directed against glycogen 670:729 Here we show that a murine monoclonal antibody (Mab) directed against glycogen cross-reacts with mycobacterial α-glucans, polymers of α(1-4)-linked glucose residues with α(1-6)-branch points. 25766777 0 20 theme specificity 75:85 arg1 characterization 42:57 characterization 42:57 A murine monoclonal antibody to glycogen: characterization of epitope-fine specificity by saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy and its use in mycobacterial capsular α-glucan research. 0:199 A murine monoclonal antibody to glycogen: characterization of epitope-fine specificity by saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy and its use in mycobacterial capsular α-glucan research. 25766777 12 21 theme possible 1787:1794 arg1 targets 1796:1802 possible targets 1787:1802 possible targets for further research 1787:1823 This study therefore opens new ways to study capsular α-glucan and to identify possible targets for further research. 25766777 4 22 theme mycobacterial 749:761 arg1 polymers 774:781 polymers 774:781 polymers of α(1-4)-linked glucose residues with α(1-6)-branch points 774:841 Here we show that a murine monoclonal antibody (Mab) directed against glycogen cross-reacts with mycobacterial α-glucans, polymers of α(1-4)-linked glucose residues with α(1-6)-branch points. 25766777 4 22 theme mycobacterial 749:761 arg1 α-glucans 763:771 mycobacterial α-glucans 749:771 mycobacterial α-glucans 749:771 Here we show that a murine monoclonal antibody (Mab) directed against glycogen cross-reacts with mycobacterial α-glucans, polymers of α(1-4)-linked glucose residues with α(1-6)-branch points. 25766777 0 23 theme saturation 90:99 arg1 STD 122:124 STD 122:124 STD 122:124 A murine monoclonal antibody to glycogen: characterization of epitope-fine specificity by saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy and its use in mycobacterial capsular α-glucan research. 25766777 0 23 theme saturation 90:99 arg1 difference 110:119 saturation transfer difference 90:119 saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy 90:142 A murine monoclonal antibody to glycogen: characterization of epitope-fine specificity by saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy and its use in mycobacterial capsular α-glucan research. 25766777 9 24 theme several 1408:1414 arg1 techniques 1416:1425 several techniques 1408:1425 several techniques helpful in capsular α-glucan research 1408:1463 This Mab was subsequently used to develop several techniques helpful in capsular α-glucan research. 25766777 2 25 theme unusual 380:386 arg1 envelope 409:416 a highly unusual and impermeable cell envelope 371:416 a highly unusual and impermeable cell envelope 371:416 This bacterium is characterized by a highly unusual and impermeable cell envelope, which plays a key role in mycobacterial survival and virulence. 25766777 0 26 theme difference 110:119 arg1 spectroscopy 131:142 saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy 90:142 saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy 90:142 A murine monoclonal antibody to glycogen: characterization of epitope-fine specificity by saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy and its use in mycobacterial capsular α-glucan research. 25766777 9 27 theme helpful 1427:1433 arg1 techniques 1416:1425 several techniques 1408:1425 several techniques helpful in capsular α-glucan research 1408:1463 This Mab was subsequently used to develop several techniques helpful in capsular α-glucan research. 25766777 4 28 link -linked 792:798 arg1 residues 808:815 α(1-4)-linked glucose residues 786:815 α(1-4)-linked glucose residues 786:815 Here we show that a murine monoclonal antibody (Mab) directed against glycogen cross-reacts with mycobacterial α-glucans, polymers of α(1-4)-linked glucose residues with α(1-6)-branch points. 25766777 7 29 theme branching 1113:1121 arg1 GlgB 1130:1133 the branching enzyme GlgB 1109:1133 the branching enzyme GlgB 1109:1133 Notably, a Mycobacterium mutant lacking the branching enzyme GlgB does not react with the Mab; this suggests that the α(1-6)-branches form part of the epitope. 25766777 5 30 theme transfer 900:907 arg1 difference 909:918 saturation transfer difference 889:918 saturation transfer difference NMR 889:922 We identified the Mab epitope specificity by saturation transfer difference NMR and show that the α(1-4)-linked glucose residues are important in glucan-Mab interaction. 25766777 0 31 theme monoclonal 9:18 arg1 antibody 20:27 A murine monoclonal antibody 0:27 A murine monoclonal antibody to glycogen: characterization of epitope-fine specificity by saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy and its use in mycobacterial capsular α-glucan research. 0:199 A murine monoclonal antibody to glycogen: characterization of epitope-fine specificity by saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy and its use in mycobacterial capsular α-glucan research. 25766777 2 32 theme mycobacterial 445:457 arg1 survival 459:466 mycobacterial survival 445:466 mycobacterial survival 445:466 This bacterium is characterized by a highly unusual and impermeable cell envelope, which plays a key role in mycobacterial survival and virulence. 25766777 2 33 theme impermeable 392:402 arg1 envelope 409:416 a highly unusual and impermeable cell envelope 371:416 a highly unusual and impermeable cell envelope 371:416 This bacterium is characterized by a highly unusual and impermeable cell envelope, which plays a key role in mycobacterial survival and virulence. 25766777 7 34 theme Mycobacterium 1080:1092 arg1 mutant 1094:1099 a Mycobacterium mutant 1078:1099 a Mycobacterium mutant lacking the branching enzyme GlgB 1078:1133 Notably, a Mycobacterium mutant lacking the branching enzyme GlgB does not react with the Mab; this suggests that the α(1-6)-branches form part of the epitope. 25766777 5 35 theme glucose 956:962 arg1 important 977:985 important 977:985 important 977:985 We identified the Mab epitope specificity by saturation transfer difference NMR and show that the α(1-4)-linked glucose residues are important in glucan-Mab interaction. 25766777 5 35 theme glucose 956:962 arg1 residues 964:971 the α(1-4)-linked glucose residues 938:971 the α(1-4)-linked glucose residues 938:971 We identified the Mab epitope specificity by saturation transfer difference NMR and show that the α(1-4)-linked glucose residues are important in glucan-Mab interaction. 25766777 4 36 theme glucose 800:806 arg1 residues 808:815 α(1-4)-linked glucose residues 786:815 α(1-4)-linked glucose residues 786:815 Here we show that a murine monoclonal antibody (Mab) directed against glycogen cross-reacts with mycobacterial α-glucans, polymers of α(1-4)-linked glucose residues with α(1-6)-branch points. 25766777 10 37 theme unknown 1566:1572 arg1 genes 1574:1578 several unknown genes 1558:1578 several unknown genes involved in capsular α-glucan biogenesis 1558:1619 By using a capsular glucan-screening methodology based on this Mab we were able to identify several unknown genes involved in capsular α-glucan biogenesis. 25766777 7 38 theme α 1187:1187 arg1 -branches 1193:1201 the α(1-6)-branches 1183:1201 the α(1-6)-branches 1183:1201 Notably, a Mycobacterium mutant lacking the branching enzyme GlgB does not react with the Mab; this suggests that the α(1-6)-branches form part of the epitope. 25766777 8 39 theme linear 1314:1319 arg1 form 1321:1324 the linear form 1310:1324 the linear form of the α-glucan (amylose) 1310:1350 These seemingly conflicting data can be explained by the fact that in the mutant the linear form of the α-glucan (amylose) is insoluble. 25766777 8 39 theme linear 1314:1319 arg1 insoluble 1355:1363 insoluble 1355:1363 insoluble 1355:1363 These seemingly conflicting data can be explained by the fact that in the mutant the linear form of the α-glucan (amylose) is insoluble. 25766777 0 40 theme capsular 173:180 arg1 research 191:198 mycobacterial capsular α-glucan research 159:198 mycobacterial capsular α-glucan research 159:198 A murine monoclonal antibody to glycogen: characterization of epitope-fine specificity by saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy and its use in mycobacterial capsular α-glucan research. 25766777 10 41 theme capsular 1592:1599 arg1 biogenesis 1610:1619 capsular α-glucan biogenesis 1592:1619 capsular α-glucan biogenesis 1592:1619 By using a capsular glucan-screening methodology based on this Mab we were able to identify several unknown genes involved in capsular α-glucan biogenesis. 25766777 1 42 theme tuberculosis 252:263 arg1 agent 243:247 the causative agent 229:247 the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB) 229:268 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is a major pathogen responsible for 1.5 million deaths annually. 25766777 1 42 theme tuberculosis 252:263 arg1 tuberculosis 215:226 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 201:226 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 201:226 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is a major pathogen responsible for 1.5 million deaths annually. 25766777 0 43 from use 152:154 arg1 research 191:198 mycobacterial capsular α-glucan research 159:198 mycobacterial capsular α-glucan research 159:198 A murine monoclonal antibody to glycogen: characterization of epitope-fine specificity by saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy and its use in mycobacterial capsular α-glucan research. 25766777 4 44 theme -branch 828:834 arg1 points 836:841 α(1-6)-branch points 822:841 α(1-6)-branch points 822:841 Here we show that a murine monoclonal antibody (Mab) directed against glycogen cross-reacts with mycobacterial α-glucans, polymers of α(1-4)-linked glucose residues with α(1-6)-branch points. 25766777 4 45 theme residues 808:815 arg1 polymers 774:781 polymers 774:781 polymers of α(1-4)-linked glucose residues with α(1-6)-branch points 774:841 Here we show that a murine monoclonal antibody (Mab) directed against glycogen cross-reacts with mycobacterial α-glucans, polymers of α(1-4)-linked glucose residues with α(1-6)-branch points. 25766777 4 45 theme residues 808:815 arg1 α-glucans 763:771 mycobacterial α-glucans 749:771 mycobacterial α-glucans 749:771 Here we show that a murine monoclonal antibody (Mab) directed against glycogen cross-reacts with mycobacterial α-glucans, polymers of α(1-4)-linked glucose residues with α(1-6)-branch points. 25766777 4 46 theme α 822:822 arg1 points 836:841 α(1-6)-branch points 822:841 α(1-6)-branch points 822:841 Here we show that a murine monoclonal antibody (Mab) directed against glycogen cross-reacts with mycobacterial α-glucans, polymers of α(1-4)-linked glucose residues with α(1-6)-branch points. 25766777 11 47 theme capsular 1682:1689 arg1 levels 1700:1705 capsular α-glucan levels 1682:1705 capsular α-glucan levels 1682:1705 Additionally, we developed two methods for the detection of capsular α-glucan levels. 25766777 8 48 theme α-glucan 1333:1340 arg1 form 1321:1324 the linear form 1310:1324 the linear form of the α-glucan (amylose) 1310:1350 These seemingly conflicting data can be explained by the fact that in the mutant the linear form of the α-glucan (amylose) is insoluble. 25766777 8 48 theme α-glucan 1333:1340 arg1 insoluble 1355:1363 insoluble 1355:1363 insoluble 1355:1363 These seemingly conflicting data can be explained by the fact that in the mutant the linear form of the α-glucan (amylose) is insoluble. 25766777 10 49 theme glucan-screening 1486:1501 arg1 methodology 1503:1513 a capsular glucan-screening methodology 1475:1513 a capsular glucan-screening methodology based on this Mab 1475:1531 By using a capsular glucan-screening methodology based on this Mab we were able to identify several unknown genes involved in capsular α-glucan biogenesis. 25766777 3 50 theme mycobacterial 560:572 arg1 envelope 579:586 the mycobacterial cell envelope 556:586 the mycobacterial cell envelope 556:586 Although many studies have focused on the composition and functioning of the mycobacterial cell envelope, the capsular α-glucan has received relatively minor attention. 25766777 5 51 theme Mab 862:864 arg1 specificity 874:884 the Mab epitope specificity 858:884 the Mab epitope specificity 858:884 We identified the Mab epitope specificity by saturation transfer difference NMR and show that the α(1-4)-linked glucose residues are important in glucan-Mab interaction. 25766777 11 52 theme levels 1700:1705 arg1 detection 1669:1677 the detection 1665:1677 the detection of capsular α-glucan levels 1665:1705 Additionally, we developed two methods for the detection of capsular α-glucan levels. 25766777 0 53 dep antibody 20:27 arg1 characterization 42:57 characterization 42:57 A murine monoclonal antibody to glycogen: characterization of epitope-fine specificity by saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy and its use in mycobacterial capsular α-glucan research. 0:199 A murine monoclonal antibody to glycogen: characterization of epitope-fine specificity by saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy and its use in mycobacterial capsular α-glucan research. 25766777 9 54 from research 1456:1463 arg1 helpful 1427:1433 helpful 1427:1433 helpful 1427:1433 This Mab was subsequently used to develop several techniques helpful in capsular α-glucan research. 25766777 8 55 theme seemingly 1235:1243 arg1 data 1257:1260 These seemingly conflicting data 1229:1260 These seemingly conflicting data 1229:1260 These seemingly conflicting data can be explained by the fact that in the mutant the linear form of the α-glucan (amylose) is insoluble. 25766777 0 56 theme epitope-fine 62:73 arg1 specificity 75:85 epitope-fine specificity 62:85 epitope-fine specificity 62:85 A murine monoclonal antibody to glycogen: characterization of epitope-fine specificity by saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy and its use in mycobacterial capsular α-glucan research. 25766777 5 57 from important 977:985 arg1 interaction 1001:1011 glucan-Mab interaction 990:1011 glucan-Mab interaction 990:1011 We identified the Mab epitope specificity by saturation transfer difference NMR and show that the α(1-4)-linked glucose residues are important in glucan-Mab interaction. 25766777 1 58 theme deaths 319:324 arg1 annually 326:333 1.5 million deaths annually 307:333 1.5 million deaths annually 307:333 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is a major pathogen responsible for 1.5 million deaths annually. 25766777 9 59 from helpful 1427:1433 arg1 research 1456:1463 capsular α-glucan research 1438:1463 capsular α-glucan research 1438:1463 This Mab was subsequently used to develop several techniques helpful in capsular α-glucan research. 25766777 4 60 theme murine 672:677 arg1 Mab 700:702 Mab 700:702 Mab 700:702 Here we show that a murine monoclonal antibody (Mab) directed against glycogen cross-reacts with mycobacterial α-glucans, polymers of α(1-4)-linked glucose residues with α(1-6)-branch points. 25766777 4 60 theme murine 672:677 arg1 antibody 690:697 a murine monoclonal antibody 670:697 a murine monoclonal antibody (Mab) directed against glycogen 670:729 Here we show that a murine monoclonal antibody (Mab) directed against glycogen cross-reacts with mycobacterial α-glucans, polymers of α(1-4)-linked glucose residues with α(1-6)-branch points. 25766777 0 61 theme transfer 101:108 arg1 STD 122:124 STD 122:124 STD 122:124 A murine monoclonal antibody to glycogen: characterization of epitope-fine specificity by saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy and its use in mycobacterial capsular α-glucan research. 25766777 0 61 theme transfer 101:108 arg1 difference 110:119 saturation transfer difference 90:119 saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy 90:142 A murine monoclonal antibody to glycogen: characterization of epitope-fine specificity by saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy and its use in mycobacterial capsular α-glucan research. 25766777 12 62 theme further 1808:1814 arg1 research 1816:1823 further research 1808:1823 further research 1808:1823 This study therefore opens new ways to study capsular α-glucan and to identify possible targets for further research. 25766777 4 63 with polymers 774:781 arg1 points 836:841 α(1-6)-branch points 822:841 α(1-6)-branch points 822:841 Here we show that a murine monoclonal antibody (Mab) directed against glycogen cross-reacts with mycobacterial α-glucans, polymers of α(1-4)-linked glucose residues with α(1-6)-branch points. 25766777 7 64 theme enzyme 1123:1128 arg1 GlgB 1130:1133 the branching enzyme GlgB 1109:1133 the branching enzyme GlgB 1109:1133 Notably, a Mycobacterium mutant lacking the branching enzyme GlgB does not react with the Mab; this suggests that the α(1-6)-branches form part of the epitope. 25766777 7 65 theme epitope 1220:1226 arg1 part 1208:1211 part 1208:1211 part of the epitope 1208:1226 Notably, a Mycobacterium mutant lacking the branching enzyme GlgB does not react with the Mab; this suggests that the α(1-6)-branches form part of the epitope. 25766777 8 66 theme conflicting 1245:1255 arg1 data 1257:1260 These seemingly conflicting data 1229:1260 These seemingly conflicting data 1229:1260 These seemingly conflicting data can be explained by the fact that in the mutant the linear form of the α-glucan (amylose) is insoluble. 25766777 0 67 theme murine 2:7 arg1 antibody 20:27 A murine monoclonal antibody 0:27 A murine monoclonal antibody to glycogen: characterization of epitope-fine specificity by saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy and its use in mycobacterial capsular α-glucan research. 0:199 A murine monoclonal antibody to glycogen: characterization of epitope-fine specificity by saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy and its use in mycobacterial capsular α-glucan research. 25766777 5 68 theme saturation 889:898 arg1 difference 909:918 saturation transfer difference 889:918 saturation transfer difference NMR 889:922 We identified the Mab epitope specificity by saturation transfer difference NMR and show that the α(1-4)-linked glucose residues are important in glucan-Mab interaction. 25766777 5 69 theme difference 909:918 arg1 NMR 920:922 saturation transfer difference NMR 889:922 saturation transfer difference NMR 889:922 We identified the Mab epitope specificity by saturation transfer difference NMR and show that the α(1-4)-linked glucose residues are important in glucan-Mab interaction. 25766777 6 70 theme linear 1048:1053 arg1 maltotriose 1056:1066 (linear) maltotriose 1047:1066 (linear) maltotriose 1047:1066 The minimal epitope is formed by (linear) maltotriose. 25766777 3 71 theme minor 635:639 arg1 attention 641:649 relatively minor attention 624:649 relatively minor attention 624:649 Although many studies have focused on the composition and functioning of the mycobacterial cell envelope, the capsular α-glucan has received relatively minor attention. 25766777 2 72 theme cell 404:407 arg1 envelope 409:416 a highly unusual and impermeable cell envelope 371:416 a highly unusual and impermeable cell envelope 371:416 This bacterium is characterized by a highly unusual and impermeable cell envelope, which plays a key role in mycobacterial survival and virulence. 25766777 1 73 theme major 276:280 arg1 tuberculosis 215:226 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 201:226 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 201:226 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is a major pathogen responsible for 1.5 million deaths annually. 25766777 1 73 theme major 276:280 arg1 pathogen 282:289 a major pathogen 274:289 a major pathogen responsible for 1.5 million deaths annually 274:333 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is a major pathogen responsible for 1.5 million deaths annually. 25766777 12 74 theme capsular 1753:1760 arg1 α-glucan 1762:1769 capsular α-glucan 1753:1769 capsular α-glucan 1753:1769 This study therefore opens new ways to study capsular α-glucan and to identify possible targets for further research. 25766777 5 75 theme -linked 948:954 arg1 important 977:985 important 977:985 important 977:985 We identified the Mab epitope specificity by saturation transfer difference NMR and show that the α(1-4)-linked glucose residues are important in glucan-Mab interaction. 25766777 5 75 theme -linked 948:954 arg1 residues 964:971 the α(1-4)-linked glucose residues 938:971 the α(1-4)-linked glucose residues 938:971 We identified the Mab epitope specificity by saturation transfer difference NMR and show that the α(1-4)-linked glucose residues are important in glucan-Mab interaction. 25766777 1 76 theme responsible 291:301 arg1 tuberculosis 215:226 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 201:226 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 201:226 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is a major pathogen responsible for 1.5 million deaths annually. 25766777 1 76 theme responsible 291:301 arg1 pathogen 282:289 a major pathogen 274:289 a major pathogen responsible for 1.5 million deaths annually 274:333 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is a major pathogen responsible for 1.5 million deaths annually. 25766777 2 77 theme key 433:435 arg1 role 437:440 a key role 431:440 a key role 431:440 This bacterium is characterized by a highly unusual and impermeable cell envelope, which plays a key role in mycobacterial survival and virulence. 25766777 4 78 theme -linked 792:798 arg1 residues 808:815 α(1-4)-linked glucose residues 786:815 α(1-4)-linked glucose residues 786:815 Here we show that a murine monoclonal antibody (Mab) directed against glycogen cross-reacts with mycobacterial α-glucans, polymers of α(1-4)-linked glucose residues with α(1-6)-branch points. 25766777 1 79 theme 1.5 307:309 arg1 million 311:317 million 311:317 million 311:317 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is a major pathogen responsible for 1.5 million deaths annually. 25766777 12 80 theme new 1735:1737 arg1 ways 1739:1742 new ways 1735:1742 new ways 1735:1742 This study therefore opens new ways to study capsular α-glucan and to identify possible targets for further research. 25766777 5 81 theme α 942:942 arg1 important 977:985 important 977:985 important 977:985 We identified the Mab epitope specificity by saturation transfer difference NMR and show that the α(1-4)-linked glucose residues are important in glucan-Mab interaction. 25766777 5 81 theme α 942:942 arg1 residues 964:971 the α(1-4)-linked glucose residues 938:971 the α(1-4)-linked glucose residues 938:971 We identified the Mab epitope specificity by saturation transfer difference NMR and show that the α(1-4)-linked glucose residues are important in glucan-Mab interaction. 25766777 0 82 from spectroscopy 131:142 arg1 research 191:198 mycobacterial capsular α-glucan research 159:198 mycobacterial capsular α-glucan research 159:198 A murine monoclonal antibody to glycogen: characterization of epitope-fine specificity by saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy and its use in mycobacterial capsular α-glucan research. 25766777 10 83 theme several 1558:1564 arg1 genes 1574:1578 several unknown genes 1558:1578 several unknown genes involved in capsular α-glucan biogenesis 1558:1619 By using a capsular glucan-screening methodology based on this Mab we were able to identify several unknown genes involved in capsular α-glucan biogenesis. 25766777 1 84 theme causative 233:241 arg1 agent 243:247 the causative agent 229:247 the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB) 229:268 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is a major pathogen responsible for 1.5 million deaths annually. 25766777 1 84 theme causative 233:241 arg1 tuberculosis 215:226 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 201:226 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 201:226 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is a major pathogen responsible for 1.5 million deaths annually. 25766777 6 85 theme minimal 1018:1024 arg1 epitope 1026:1032 The minimal epitope 1014:1032 The minimal epitope 1014:1032 The minimal epitope is formed by (linear) maltotriose. 25766777 12 86 dep opens 1729:1733 arg1 identify 1778:1785 identify 1778:1785 to identify possible targets for further research 1775:1823 This study therefore opens new ways to study capsular α-glucan and to identify possible targets for further research. 25766777 12 86 dep opens 1729:1733 arg1 study 1747:1751 study 1747:1751 to study capsular α-glucan 1744:1769 This study therefore opens new ways to study capsular α-glucan and to identify possible targets for further research. 25766777 10 87 theme α-glucan 1601:1608 arg1 biogenesis 1610:1619 capsular α-glucan biogenesis 1592:1619 capsular α-glucan biogenesis 1592:1619 By using a capsular glucan-screening methodology based on this Mab we were able to identify several unknown genes involved in capsular α-glucan biogenesis. 25242730 4 0 theme disease 960:966 arg1 symptoms 968:975 the disease symptoms 956:975 the disease symptoms 956:975 The nanoparticles were administered to type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice by intraarticular injections once per day starting from onset of the disease symptoms. 25242730 9 1 theme proliferation 1674:1686 arg1 suppression 1596:1606 significant suppression 1584:1606 significant suppression of inflammatory cell infiltration, joint destruction and synovial proliferation 1584:1686 In addition, histological examination revealed significant suppression of inflammatory cell infiltration, joint destruction and synovial proliferation in synovium compared with control mice. 25242730 7 2 from TNF-α 1275:1279 arg1 sera 1316:1319 sera 1316:1319 sera 1316:1319 Levels of proinflammatory cytokines--e.g., TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in knee joints and sera were significantly inhibited compared to control mice. 25242730 7 2 from TNF-α 1275:1279 arg1 joints 1305:1310 knee joints 1300:1310 knee joints 1300:1310 Levels of proinflammatory cytokines--e.g., TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in knee joints and sera were significantly inhibited compared to control mice. 25242730 1 3 theme rheumatoid 281:290 arg1 arthritis 292:300 rheumatoid arthritis 281:300 rheumatoid arthritis mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines in arthritic synovium 281:361 It has been recently shown that Toll-like receptor4 mediated nuclear factor κB (TLR4-NF-κB) signaling plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines in arthritic synovium. 25242730 3 4 theme cell 795:798 arg1 line 800:803 DC2.4 dendritic cell line 779:803 DC2.4 dendritic cell line 779:803 NAHNP significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced primary mouse macrophages and DC2.4 dendritic cell line. 25242730 10 5 theme therapeutic 1891:1901 arg1 approach 1903:1910 an effective therapeutic approach 1878:1910 an effective therapeutic approach to inhibit chronic inflammation in an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis 1878:1985 These results suggest that selective inhibition of TLR4-NF-κB signaling with lipid modified heparin derivatives composited to nanostructures provides an effective therapeutic approach to inhibit chronic inflammation in an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis. 25242730 1 6 theme factor 203:208 arg1 signaling 226:234 Toll-like receptor4 mediated nuclear factor κB (TLR4-NF-κB) signaling 166:234 Toll-like receptor4 mediated nuclear factor κB (TLR4-NF-κB) signaling 166:234 It has been recently shown that Toll-like receptor4 mediated nuclear factor κB (TLR4-NF-κB) signaling plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines in arthritic synovium. 25242730 3 7 theme pro-inflammatory 656:671 arg1 IL-6 698:701 IL-6 698:701 IL-6 698:701 NAHNP significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced primary mouse macrophages and DC2.4 dendritic cell line. 25242730 3 7 theme pro-inflammatory 656:671 arg1 cytokines 673:681 pro-inflammatory cytokines 656:681 pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced primary mouse macrophages and DC2.4 dendritic cell line 656:803 NAHNP significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced primary mouse macrophages and DC2.4 dendritic cell line. 25242730 3 7 theme pro-inflammatory 656:671 arg1 TNF-α 691:695 TNF-α 691:695 TNF-α 691:695 NAHNP significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced primary mouse macrophages and DC2.4 dendritic cell line. 25242730 3 7 theme pro-inflammatory 656:671 arg1 IL-1β 707:711 IL-1β 707:711 IL-1β 707:711 NAHNP significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced primary mouse macrophages and DC2.4 dendritic cell line. 25242730 2 8 from potential 397:405 arg1 model 601:605 an experimental arthritis model 575:605 an experimental arthritis model 575:605 Here we evaluate the therapeutic potential of glycol-split non-anticoagulant heparin/d-erythro-sphingosine nanoparticles (NAHNPs), which have shown strong inhibitory effect against TLR4 induced inflammation, in an experimental arthritis model. 25242730 10 9 theme chronic 1923:1929 arg1 inflammation 1931:1942 chronic inflammation 1923:1942 chronic inflammation 1923:1942 These results suggest that selective inhibition of TLR4-NF-κB signaling with lipid modified heparin derivatives composited to nanostructures provides an effective therapeutic approach to inhibit chronic inflammation in an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis. 25242730 8 10 theme signaling 1518:1526 arg1 pathway 1528:1534 the NF-κB signaling pathway 1508:1534 the NF-κB signaling pathway 1508:1534 Moreover, nuclear localization of RelA in knee joints was significantly inhibited in NAHNP treatment, indicating down-regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. 25242730 10 11 theme selective 1755:1763 arg1 inhibition 1765:1774 selective inhibition 1755:1774 selective inhibition of TLR4-NF-κB signaling with lipid modified heparin derivatives composited to nanostructures 1755:1867 These results suggest that selective inhibition of TLR4-NF-κB signaling with lipid modified heparin derivatives composited to nanostructures provides an effective therapeutic approach to inhibit chronic inflammation in an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis. 25242730 7 12 from IL-6 1282:1285 arg1 sera 1316:1319 sera 1316:1319 sera 1316:1319 Levels of proinflammatory cytokines--e.g., TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in knee joints and sera were significantly inhibited compared to control mice. 25242730 7 12 from IL-6 1282:1285 arg1 joints 1305:1310 knee joints 1300:1310 knee joints 1300:1310 Levels of proinflammatory cytokines--e.g., TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in knee joints and sera were significantly inhibited compared to control mice. 25242730 10 13 theme animal 1950:1955 arg1 model 1957:1961 an animal model 1947:1961 an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis 1947:1985 These results suggest that selective inhibition of TLR4-NF-κB signaling with lipid modified heparin derivatives composited to nanostructures provides an effective therapeutic approach to inhibit chronic inflammation in an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis. 25242730 9 14 theme significant 1584:1594 arg1 suppression 1596:1606 significant suppression 1584:1606 significant suppression of inflammatory cell infiltration, joint destruction and synovial proliferation 1584:1686 In addition, histological examination revealed significant suppression of inflammatory cell infiltration, joint destruction and synovial proliferation in synovium compared with control mice. 25242730 7 15 from IL-1β 1291:1295 arg1 sera 1316:1319 sera 1316:1319 sera 1316:1319 Levels of proinflammatory cytokines--e.g., TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in knee joints and sera were significantly inhibited compared to control mice. 25242730 7 15 from IL-1β 1291:1295 arg1 joints 1305:1310 knee joints 1300:1310 knee joints 1300:1310 Levels of proinflammatory cytokines--e.g., TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in knee joints and sera were significantly inhibited compared to control mice. 25242730 5 16 theme potent 1005:1010 arg1 effect 1024:1029 a potent suppressive effect 1003:1029 a potent suppressive effect 1003:1029 Treatment with NAHNP had a potent suppressive effect in CIA mice, observed with a decrease in arthritis score and footpad swelling. 25242730 8 17 theme nuclear 1386:1392 arg1 localization 1394:1405 nuclear localization 1386:1405 nuclear localization of RelA in knee joints 1386:1428 Moreover, nuclear localization of RelA in knee joints was significantly inhibited in NAHNP treatment, indicating down-regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. 25242730 7 18 theme knee 1300:1303 arg1 joints 1305:1310 knee joints 1300:1310 knee joints 1300:1310 Levels of proinflammatory cytokines--e.g., TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in knee joints and sera were significantly inhibited compared to control mice. 25242730 10 19 theme arthritis 1977:1985 arg1 model 1957:1961 an animal model 1947:1961 an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis 1947:1985 These results suggest that selective inhibition of TLR4-NF-κB signaling with lipid modified heparin derivatives composited to nanostructures provides an effective therapeutic approach to inhibit chronic inflammation in an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis. 25242730 9 20 theme cell 1624:1627 arg1 infiltration 1629:1640 inflammatory cell infiltration 1611:1640 inflammatory cell infiltration 1611:1640 In addition, histological examination revealed significant suppression of inflammatory cell infiltration, joint destruction and synovial proliferation in synovium compared with control mice. 25242730 5 21 with Treatment 978:986 arg1 NAHNP 993:997 NAHNP 993:997 NAHNP 993:997 Treatment with NAHNP had a potent suppressive effect in CIA mice, observed with a decrease in arthritis score and footpad swelling. 25242730 7 22 theme IL-1β 1291:1295 arg1 Levels 1232:1237 Levels 1232:1237 Levels of proinflammatory cytokines--e.g., TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in knee joints and sera 1232:1319 Levels of proinflammatory cytokines--e.g., TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in knee joints and sera were significantly inhibited compared to control mice. 25242730 1 23 theme mediated 186:193 arg1 signaling 226:234 Toll-like receptor4 mediated nuclear factor κB (TLR4-NF-κB) signaling 166:234 Toll-like receptor4 mediated nuclear factor κB (TLR4-NF-κB) signaling 166:234 It has been recently shown that Toll-like receptor4 mediated nuclear factor κB (TLR4-NF-κB) signaling plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines in arthritic synovium. 25242730 7 24 theme IL-6 1282:1285 arg1 Levels 1232:1237 Levels 1232:1237 Levels of proinflammatory cytokines--e.g., TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in knee joints and sera 1232:1319 Levels of proinflammatory cytokines--e.g., TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in knee joints and sera were significantly inhibited compared to control mice. 25242730 9 25 theme destruction 1649:1659 arg1 suppression 1596:1606 significant suppression 1584:1606 significant suppression of inflammatory cell infiltration, joint destruction and synovial proliferation 1584:1686 In addition, histological examination revealed significant suppression of inflammatory cell infiltration, joint destruction and synovial proliferation in synovium compared with control mice. 25242730 2 26 theme experimental 578:589 arg1 model 601:605 an experimental arthritis model 575:605 an experimental arthritis model 575:605 Here we evaluate the therapeutic potential of glycol-split non-anticoagulant heparin/d-erythro-sphingosine nanoparticles (NAHNPs), which have shown strong inhibitory effect against TLR4 induced inflammation, in an experimental arthritis model. 25242730 4 27 theme arthritis 870:878 arg1 mice 886:889 type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice 845:889 type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice 845:889 The nanoparticles were administered to type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice by intraarticular injections once per day starting from onset of the disease symptoms. 25242730 3 28 from IL-6 698:701 arg1 line 800:803 DC2.4 dendritic cell line 779:803 DC2.4 dendritic cell line 779:803 NAHNP significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced primary mouse macrophages and DC2.4 dendritic cell line. 25242730 3 28 from IL-6 698:701 arg1 macrophages 763:773 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced primary mouse macrophages 716:773 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced primary mouse macrophages 716:773 NAHNP significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced primary mouse macrophages and DC2.4 dendritic cell line. 25242730 2 29 theme nanoparticles 471:483 arg1 potential 397:405 the therapeutic potential 381:405 the therapeutic potential of glycol-split non-anticoagulant heparin/d-erythro-sphingosine nanoparticles (NAHNPs), which have shown strong inhibitory effect against TLR4 induced inflammation, in an experimental arthritis model 381:605 Here we evaluate the therapeutic potential of glycol-split non-anticoagulant heparin/d-erythro-sphingosine nanoparticles (NAHNPs), which have shown strong inhibitory effect against TLR4 induced inflammation, in an experimental arthritis model. 25242730 7 30 theme TNF-α 1275:1279 arg1 Levels 1232:1237 Levels 1232:1237 Levels of proinflammatory cytokines--e.g., TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in knee joints and sera 1232:1319 Levels of proinflammatory cytokines--e.g., TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in knee joints and sera were significantly inhibited compared to control mice. 25242730 9 31 theme synovial 1665:1672 arg1 proliferation 1674:1686 synovial proliferation 1665:1686 synovial proliferation 1665:1686 In addition, histological examination revealed significant suppression of inflammatory cell infiltration, joint destruction and synovial proliferation in synovium compared with control mice. 25242730 2 32 theme strong 512:517 arg1 effect 530:535 strong inhibitory effect 512:535 strong inhibitory effect against TLR4 induced inflammation 512:569 Here we evaluate the therapeutic potential of glycol-split non-anticoagulant heparin/d-erythro-sphingosine nanoparticles (NAHNPs), which have shown strong inhibitory effect against TLR4 induced inflammation, in an experimental arthritis model. 25242730 7 33 from cytokines--e.g. 1258:1272 arg1 sera 1316:1319 sera 1316:1319 sera 1316:1319 Levels of proinflammatory cytokines--e.g., TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in knee joints and sera were significantly inhibited compared to control mice. 25242730 7 33 from cytokines--e.g. 1258:1272 arg1 joints 1305:1310 knee joints 1300:1310 knee joints 1300:1310 Levels of proinflammatory cytokines--e.g., TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in knee joints and sera were significantly inhibited compared to control mice. 25242730 3 34 from IL-1β 707:711 arg1 line 800:803 DC2.4 dendritic cell line 779:803 DC2.4 dendritic cell line 779:803 NAHNP significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced primary mouse macrophages and DC2.4 dendritic cell line. 25242730 3 34 from IL-1β 707:711 arg1 macrophages 763:773 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced primary mouse macrophages 716:773 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced primary mouse macrophages 716:773 NAHNP significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced primary mouse macrophages and DC2.4 dendritic cell line. 25242730 2 35 theme non-anticoagulant 423:439 arg1 NAHNPs 486:491 NAHNPs 486:491 NAHNPs 486:491 Here we evaluate the therapeutic potential of glycol-split non-anticoagulant heparin/d-erythro-sphingosine nanoparticles (NAHNPs), which have shown strong inhibitory effect against TLR4 induced inflammation, in an experimental arthritis model. 25242730 2 35 theme non-anticoagulant 423:439 arg1 nanoparticles 471:483 glycol-split non-anticoagulant heparin/d-erythro-sphingosine nanoparticles 410:483 glycol-split non-anticoagulant heparin/d-erythro-sphingosine nanoparticles (NAHNPs) 410:492 Here we evaluate the therapeutic potential of glycol-split non-anticoagulant heparin/d-erythro-sphingosine nanoparticles (NAHNPs), which have shown strong inhibitory effect against TLR4 induced inflammation, in an experimental arthritis model. 25242730 7 36 theme cytokines--e.g. 1258:1272 arg1 Levels 1232:1237 Levels 1232:1237 Levels of proinflammatory cytokines--e.g., TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in knee joints and sera 1232:1319 Levels of proinflammatory cytokines--e.g., TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in knee joints and sera were significantly inhibited compared to control mice. 25242730 1 37 theme arthritis 292:300 arg1 pathogenesis 265:276 the pathogenesis 261:276 the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines in arthritic synovium 261:361 It has been recently shown that Toll-like receptor4 mediated nuclear factor κB (TLR4-NF-κB) signaling plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines in arthritic synovium. 25242730 10 38 theme modified 1811:1818 arg1 derivatives 1828:1838 lipid modified heparin derivatives 1805:1838 lipid modified heparin derivatives composited to nanostructures 1805:1867 These results suggest that selective inhibition of TLR4-NF-κB signaling with lipid modified heparin derivatives composited to nanostructures provides an effective therapeutic approach to inhibit chronic inflammation in an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis. 25242730 0 39 theme experimental 15:26 arg1 arthritis 28:36 experimental arthritis 15:36 experimental arthritis 15:36 Suppression of experimental arthritis with self-assembling glycol-split heparin nanoparticles via inhibition of TLR4-NF-κB signaling. 25242730 5 40 theme CIA 1034:1036 arg1 mice 1038:1041 CIA mice 1034:1041 CIA mice 1034:1041 Treatment with NAHNP had a potent suppressive effect in CIA mice, observed with a decrease in arthritis score and footpad swelling. 25242730 2 41 theme TLR4 545:548 arg1 inflammation 558:569 TLR4 induced inflammation 545:569 TLR4 induced inflammation 545:569 Here we evaluate the therapeutic potential of glycol-split non-anticoagulant heparin/d-erythro-sphingosine nanoparticles (NAHNPs), which have shown strong inhibitory effect against TLR4 induced inflammation, in an experimental arthritis model. 25242730 4 42 theme intraarticular 894:907 arg1 injections 909:918 intraarticular injections 894:918 intraarticular injections once per day starting from onset of the disease symptoms 894:975 The nanoparticles were administered to type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice by intraarticular injections once per day starting from onset of the disease symptoms. 25242730 3 43 from TNF-α 691:695 arg1 line 800:803 DC2.4 dendritic cell line 779:803 DC2.4 dendritic cell line 779:803 NAHNP significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced primary mouse macrophages and DC2.4 dendritic cell line. 25242730 3 43 from TNF-α 691:695 arg1 macrophages 763:773 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced primary mouse macrophages 716:773 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced primary mouse macrophages 716:773 NAHNP significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced primary mouse macrophages and DC2.4 dendritic cell line. 25242730 9 44 theme control 1714:1720 arg1 mice 1722:1725 control mice 1714:1725 control mice 1714:1725 In addition, histological examination revealed significant suppression of inflammatory cell infiltration, joint destruction and synovial proliferation in synovium compared with control mice. 25242730 0 45 theme glycol-split 59:70 arg1 heparin 72:78 self-assembling glycol-split heparin 43:78 self-assembling glycol-split heparin 43:78 Suppression of experimental arthritis with self-assembling glycol-split heparin nanoparticles via inhibition of TLR4-NF-κB signaling. 25242730 1 46 theme arthritic 344:352 arg1 synovium 354:361 arthritic synovium 344:361 arthritic synovium 344:361 It has been recently shown that Toll-like receptor4 mediated nuclear factor κB (TLR4-NF-κB) signaling plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines in arthritic synovium. 25242730 3 47 theme mouse 757:761 arg1 macrophages 763:773 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced primary mouse macrophages 716:773 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced primary mouse macrophages 716:773 NAHNP significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced primary mouse macrophages and DC2.4 dendritic cell line. 25242730 0 48 with Suppression 0:10 arg1 heparin 72:78 self-assembling glycol-split heparin 43:78 self-assembling glycol-split heparin 43:78 Suppression of experimental arthritis with self-assembling glycol-split heparin nanoparticles via inhibition of TLR4-NF-κB signaling. 25242730 6 49 theme IgG2a 1182:1186 arg1 antibodies 1188:1197 IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies 1173:1197 IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies against bovine type II collagen 1173:1229 The animals treated with NAHNP significantly reduced levels of IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies against bovine type II collagen. 25242730 3 50 theme -induced 740:747 arg1 macrophages 763:773 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced primary mouse macrophages 716:773 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced primary mouse macrophages 716:773 NAHNP significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced primary mouse macrophages and DC2.4 dendritic cell line. 25242730 8 51 theme NF-κB 1512:1516 arg1 pathway 1528:1534 the NF-κB signaling pathway 1508:1534 the NF-κB signaling pathway 1508:1534 Moreover, nuclear localization of RelA in knee joints was significantly inhibited in NAHNP treatment, indicating down-regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. 25242730 10 52 theme effective 1881:1889 arg1 approach 1903:1910 an effective therapeutic approach 1878:1910 an effective therapeutic approach to inhibit chronic inflammation in an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis 1878:1985 These results suggest that selective inhibition of TLR4-NF-κB signaling with lipid modified heparin derivatives composited to nanostructures provides an effective therapeutic approach to inhibit chronic inflammation in an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis. 25242730 5 53 from effect 1024:1029 arg1 mice 1038:1041 CIA mice 1034:1041 CIA mice 1034:1041 Treatment with NAHNP had a potent suppressive effect in CIA mice, observed with a decrease in arthritis score and footpad swelling. 25242730 10 54 with inhibition 1765:1774 arg1 derivatives 1828:1838 lipid modified heparin derivatives 1805:1838 lipid modified heparin derivatives composited to nanostructures 1805:1867 These results suggest that selective inhibition of TLR4-NF-κB signaling with lipid modified heparin derivatives composited to nanostructures provides an effective therapeutic approach to inhibit chronic inflammation in an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis. 25242730 5 55 theme arthritis 1072:1080 arg1 score 1082:1086 arthritis score 1072:1086 arthritis score 1072:1086 Treatment with NAHNP had a potent suppressive effect in CIA mice, observed with a decrease in arthritis score and footpad swelling. 25242730 6 56 theme IgG1 1173:1176 arg1 antibodies 1188:1197 IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies 1173:1197 IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies against bovine type II collagen 1173:1229 The animals treated with NAHNP significantly reduced levels of IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies against bovine type II collagen. 25242730 3 57 theme dendritic 785:793 arg1 line 800:803 DC2.4 dendritic cell line 779:803 DC2.4 dendritic cell line 779:803 NAHNP significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced primary mouse macrophages and DC2.4 dendritic cell line. 25242730 2 58 theme therapeutic 385:395 arg1 potential 397:405 the therapeutic potential 381:405 the therapeutic potential of glycol-split non-anticoagulant heparin/d-erythro-sphingosine nanoparticles (NAHNPs), which have shown strong inhibitory effect against TLR4 induced inflammation, in an experimental arthritis model 381:605 Here we evaluate the therapeutic potential of glycol-split non-anticoagulant heparin/d-erythro-sphingosine nanoparticles (NAHNPs), which have shown strong inhibitory effect against TLR4 induced inflammation, in an experimental arthritis model. 25242730 7 59 from joints 1305:1310 arg1 Levels 1232:1237 Levels 1232:1237 Levels of proinflammatory cytokines--e.g., TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in knee joints and sera 1232:1319 Levels of proinflammatory cytokines--e.g., TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in knee joints and sera were significantly inhibited compared to control mice. 25242730 1 60 from cytokines 331:339 arg1 synovium 354:361 arthritic synovium 344:361 arthritic synovium 344:361 It has been recently shown that Toll-like receptor4 mediated nuclear factor κB (TLR4-NF-κB) signaling plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines in arthritic synovium. 25242730 7 61 from sera 1316:1319 arg1 Levels 1232:1237 Levels 1232:1237 Levels of proinflammatory cytokines--e.g., TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in knee joints and sera 1232:1319 Levels of proinflammatory cytokines--e.g., TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in knee joints and sera were significantly inhibited compared to control mice. 25242730 9 62 theme infiltration 1629:1640 arg1 suppression 1596:1606 significant suppression 1584:1606 significant suppression of inflammatory cell infiltration, joint destruction and synovial proliferation 1584:1686 In addition, histological examination revealed significant suppression of inflammatory cell infiltration, joint destruction and synovial proliferation in synovium compared with control mice. 25242730 1 63 theme nuclear 195:201 arg1 signaling 226:234 Toll-like receptor4 mediated nuclear factor κB (TLR4-NF-κB) signaling 166:234 Toll-like receptor4 mediated nuclear factor κB (TLR4-NF-κB) signaling 166:234 It has been recently shown that Toll-like receptor4 mediated nuclear factor κB (TLR4-NF-κB) signaling plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines in arthritic synovium. 25242730 5 64 from decrease 1060:1067 arg1 score 1082:1086 arthritis score 1072:1086 arthritis score 1072:1086 Treatment with NAHNP had a potent suppressive effect in CIA mice, observed with a decrease in arthritis score and footpad swelling. 25242730 5 64 from decrease 1060:1067 arg1 swelling 1100:1107 footpad swelling 1092:1107 footpad swelling 1092:1107 Treatment with NAHNP had a potent suppressive effect in CIA mice, observed with a decrease in arthritis score and footpad swelling. 25242730 8 65 theme pathway 1528:1534 arg1 down-regulation 1489:1503 down-regulation 1489:1503 down-regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway 1489:1534 Moreover, nuclear localization of RelA in knee joints was significantly inhibited in NAHNP treatment, indicating down-regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. 25242730 6 66 theme type 1214:1217 arg1 collagen 1222:1229 bovine type II collagen 1207:1229 bovine type II collagen 1207:1229 The animals treated with NAHNP significantly reduced levels of IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies against bovine type II collagen. 25242730 10 67 theme rheumatoid 1966:1975 arg1 arthritis 1977:1985 rheumatoid arthritis 1966:1985 rheumatoid arthritis 1966:1985 These results suggest that selective inhibition of TLR4-NF-κB signaling with lipid modified heparin derivatives composited to nanostructures provides an effective therapeutic approach to inhibit chronic inflammation in an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis. 25242730 9 68 theme histological 1550:1561 arg1 examination 1563:1573 histological examination 1550:1573 histological examination 1550:1573 In addition, histological examination revealed significant suppression of inflammatory cell infiltration, joint destruction and synovial proliferation in synovium compared with control mice. 25242730 3 69 theme cytokines 673:681 arg1 production 642:651 the production 638:651 the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced primary mouse macrophages and DC2.4 dendritic cell line 638:803 NAHNP significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced primary mouse macrophages and DC2.4 dendritic cell line. 25242730 4 70 theme symptoms 968:975 arg1 onset 947:951 onset 947:951 onset of the disease symptoms 947:975 The nanoparticles were administered to type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice by intraarticular injections once per day starting from onset of the disease symptoms. 25242730 5 71 contain had 999:1001 arg1 Treatment 978:986 Treatment 978:986 Treatment with NAHNP 978:997 Treatment with NAHNP had a potent suppressive effect in CIA mice, observed with a decrease in arthritis score and footpad swelling. 25242730 5 71 contain had 999:1001 arg2 effect 1024:1029 a potent suppressive effect 1003:1029 a potent suppressive effect 1003:1029 Treatment with NAHNP had a potent suppressive effect in CIA mice, observed with a decrease in arthritis score and footpad swelling. 25242730 9 72 theme inflammatory 1611:1622 arg1 infiltration 1629:1640 inflammatory cell infiltration 1611:1640 inflammatory cell infiltration 1611:1640 In addition, histological examination revealed significant suppression of inflammatory cell infiltration, joint destruction and synovial proliferation in synovium compared with control mice. 25242730 0 73 theme TLR4-NF-κB 112:121 arg1 signaling 123:131 TLR4-NF-κB signaling 112:131 TLR4-NF-κB signaling 112:131 Suppression of experimental arthritis with self-assembling glycol-split heparin nanoparticles via inhibition of TLR4-NF-κB signaling. 25242730 1 74 theme receptor4 176:184 arg1 signaling 226:234 Toll-like receptor4 mediated nuclear factor κB (TLR4-NF-κB) signaling 166:234 Toll-like receptor4 mediated nuclear factor κB (TLR4-NF-κB) signaling 166:234 It has been recently shown that Toll-like receptor4 mediated nuclear factor κB (TLR4-NF-κB) signaling plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines in arthritic synovium. 25242730 2 75 theme induced 550:556 arg1 inflammation 558:569 TLR4 induced inflammation 545:569 TLR4 induced inflammation 545:569 Here we evaluate the therapeutic potential of glycol-split non-anticoagulant heparin/d-erythro-sphingosine nanoparticles (NAHNPs), which have shown strong inhibitory effect against TLR4 induced inflammation, in an experimental arthritis model. 25242730 0 76 theme signaling 123:131 arg1 inhibition 98:107 inhibition 98:107 inhibition of TLR4-NF-κB signaling 98:131 Suppression of experimental arthritis with self-assembling glycol-split heparin nanoparticles via inhibition of TLR4-NF-κB signaling. 25242730 9 77 theme joint 1643:1647 arg1 destruction 1649:1659 joint destruction 1643:1659 joint destruction 1643:1659 In addition, histological examination revealed significant suppression of inflammatory cell infiltration, joint destruction and synovial proliferation in synovium compared with control mice. 25242730 2 78 theme arthritis 591:599 arg1 model 601:605 an experimental arthritis model 575:605 an experimental arthritis model 575:605 Here we evaluate the therapeutic potential of glycol-split non-anticoagulant heparin/d-erythro-sphingosine nanoparticles (NAHNPs), which have shown strong inhibitory effect against TLR4 induced inflammation, in an experimental arthritis model. 25242730 7 79 from Levels 1232:1237 arg1 sera 1316:1319 sera 1316:1319 sera 1316:1319 Levels of proinflammatory cytokines--e.g., TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in knee joints and sera were significantly inhibited compared to control mice. 25242730 7 79 from Levels 1232:1237 arg1 joints 1305:1310 knee joints 1300:1310 knee joints 1300:1310 Levels of proinflammatory cytokines--e.g., TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in knee joints and sera were significantly inhibited compared to control mice. 25242730 8 80 theme RelA 1410:1413 arg1 localization 1394:1405 nuclear localization 1386:1405 nuclear localization of RelA in knee joints 1386:1428 Moreover, nuclear localization of RelA in knee joints was significantly inhibited in NAHNP treatment, indicating down-regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. 25242730 4 81 theme type 845:848 arg1 CIA 881:883 CIA 881:883 CIA 881:883 The nanoparticles were administered to type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice by intraarticular injections once per day starting from onset of the disease symptoms. 25242730 4 81 theme type 845:848 arg1 arthritis 870:878 type II collagen-induced arthritis 845:878 type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice 845:889 The nanoparticles were administered to type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice by intraarticular injections once per day starting from onset of the disease symptoms. 25242730 4 82 theme collagen-induced 853:868 arg1 CIA 881:883 CIA 881:883 CIA 881:883 The nanoparticles were administered to type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice by intraarticular injections once per day starting from onset of the disease symptoms. 25242730 4 82 theme collagen-induced 853:868 arg1 arthritis 870:878 type II collagen-induced arthritis 845:878 type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice 845:889 The nanoparticles were administered to type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice by intraarticular injections once per day starting from onset of the disease symptoms. 25242730 2 83 theme heparin/d-erythro-sphingosine 441:469 arg1 NAHNPs 486:491 NAHNPs 486:491 NAHNPs 486:491 Here we evaluate the therapeutic potential of glycol-split non-anticoagulant heparin/d-erythro-sphingosine nanoparticles (NAHNPs), which have shown strong inhibitory effect against TLR4 induced inflammation, in an experimental arthritis model. 25242730 2 83 theme heparin/d-erythro-sphingosine 441:469 arg1 nanoparticles 471:483 glycol-split non-anticoagulant heparin/d-erythro-sphingosine nanoparticles 410:483 glycol-split non-anticoagulant heparin/d-erythro-sphingosine nanoparticles (NAHNPs) 410:492 Here we evaluate the therapeutic potential of glycol-split non-anticoagulant heparin/d-erythro-sphingosine nanoparticles (NAHNPs), which have shown strong inhibitory effect against TLR4 induced inflammation, in an experimental arthritis model. 25242730 7 84 theme proinflammatory 1242:1256 arg1 cytokines--e.g. 1258:1272 proinflammatory cytokines--e.g. 1242:1272 proinflammatory cytokines--e.g. 1242:1272 Levels of proinflammatory cytokines--e.g., TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in knee joints and sera were significantly inhibited compared to control mice. 25242730 8 85 from localization 1394:1405 arg1 joints 1423:1428 knee joints 1418:1428 knee joints 1418:1428 Moreover, nuclear localization of RelA in knee joints was significantly inhibited in NAHNP treatment, indicating down-regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. 25242730 5 86 theme suppressive 1012:1022 arg1 effect 1024:1029 a potent suppressive effect 1003:1029 a potent suppressive effect 1003:1029 Treatment with NAHNP had a potent suppressive effect in CIA mice, observed with a decrease in arthritis score and footpad swelling. 25242730 2 87 theme glycol-split 410:421 arg1 NAHNPs 486:491 NAHNPs 486:491 NAHNPs 486:491 Here we evaluate the therapeutic potential of glycol-split non-anticoagulant heparin/d-erythro-sphingosine nanoparticles (NAHNPs), which have shown strong inhibitory effect against TLR4 induced inflammation, in an experimental arthritis model. 25242730 2 87 theme glycol-split 410:421 arg1 nanoparticles 471:483 glycol-split non-anticoagulant heparin/d-erythro-sphingosine nanoparticles 410:483 glycol-split non-anticoagulant heparin/d-erythro-sphingosine nanoparticles (NAHNPs) 410:492 Here we evaluate the therapeutic potential of glycol-split non-anticoagulant heparin/d-erythro-sphingosine nanoparticles (NAHNPs), which have shown strong inhibitory effect against TLR4 induced inflammation, in an experimental arthritis model. 25242730 0 88 theme arthritis 28:36 arg1 Suppression 0:10 Suppression 0:10 Suppression of experimental arthritis with self-assembling glycol-split heparin 0:78 Suppression of experimental arthritis with self-assembling glycol-split heparin nanoparticles via inhibition of TLR4-NF-κB signaling. 25242730 10 89 theme lipid 1805:1809 arg1 derivatives 1828:1838 lipid modified heparin derivatives 1805:1838 lipid modified heparin derivatives composited to nanostructures 1805:1867 These results suggest that selective inhibition of TLR4-NF-κB signaling with lipid modified heparin derivatives composited to nanostructures provides an effective therapeutic approach to inhibit chronic inflammation in an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis. 25242730 0 90 theme self-assembling 43:57 arg1 heparin 72:78 self-assembling glycol-split heparin 43:78 self-assembling glycol-split heparin 43:78 Suppression of experimental arthritis with self-assembling glycol-split heparin nanoparticles via inhibition of TLR4-NF-κB signaling. 25242730 1 91 theme pro-inflammatory 314:329 arg1 cytokines 331:339 pro-inflammatory cytokines 314:339 pro-inflammatory cytokines in arthritic synovium 314:361 It has been recently shown that Toll-like receptor4 mediated nuclear factor κB (TLR4-NF-κB) signaling plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines in arthritic synovium. 25242730 7 92 theme control 1362:1368 arg1 mice 1370:1373 control mice 1362:1373 control mice 1362:1373 Levels of proinflammatory cytokines--e.g., TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in knee joints and sera were significantly inhibited compared to control mice. 25242730 10 93 theme TLR4-NF-κB 1779:1788 arg1 signaling 1790:1798 TLR4-NF-κB signaling 1779:1798 TLR4-NF-κB signaling 1779:1798 These results suggest that selective inhibition of TLR4-NF-κB signaling with lipid modified heparin derivatives composited to nanostructures provides an effective therapeutic approach to inhibit chronic inflammation in an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis. 25242730 8 94 theme NAHNP 1461:1465 arg1 treatment 1467:1475 NAHNP treatment 1461:1475 NAHNP treatment 1461:1475 Moreover, nuclear localization of RelA in knee joints was significantly inhibited in NAHNP treatment, indicating down-regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. 25242730 10 95 theme signaling 1790:1798 arg1 inhibition 1765:1774 selective inhibition 1755:1774 selective inhibition of TLR4-NF-κB signaling with lipid modified heparin derivatives composited to nanostructures 1755:1867 These results suggest that selective inhibition of TLR4-NF-κB signaling with lipid modified heparin derivatives composited to nanostructures provides an effective therapeutic approach to inhibit chronic inflammation in an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis. 25242730 5 96 theme footpad 1092:1098 arg1 swelling 1100:1107 footpad swelling 1092:1107 footpad swelling 1092:1107 Treatment with NAHNP had a potent suppressive effect in CIA mice, observed with a decrease in arthritis score and footpad swelling. 25242730 6 97 theme bovine 1207:1212 arg1 collagen 1222:1229 bovine type II collagen 1207:1229 bovine type II collagen 1207:1229 The animals treated with NAHNP significantly reduced levels of IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies against bovine type II collagen. 25242730 2 98 theme inhibitory 519:528 arg1 effect 530:535 strong inhibitory effect 512:535 strong inhibitory effect against TLR4 induced inflammation 512:569 Here we evaluate the therapeutic potential of glycol-split non-anticoagulant heparin/d-erythro-sphingosine nanoparticles (NAHNPs), which have shown strong inhibitory effect against TLR4 induced inflammation, in an experimental arthritis model. 25242730 3 99 theme primary 749:755 arg1 macrophages 763:773 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced primary mouse macrophages 716:773 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced primary mouse macrophages 716:773 NAHNP significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced primary mouse macrophages and DC2.4 dendritic cell line. 25242730 1 100 theme Toll-like 166:174 arg1 signaling 226:234 Toll-like receptor4 mediated nuclear factor κB (TLR4-NF-κB) signaling 166:234 Toll-like receptor4 mediated nuclear factor κB (TLR4-NF-κB) signaling 166:234 It has been recently shown that Toll-like receptor4 mediated nuclear factor κB (TLR4-NF-κB) signaling plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines in arthritic synovium. 25242730 6 101 theme antibodies 1188:1197 arg1 levels 1163:1168 levels 1163:1168 levels of IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies against bovine type II collagen 1163:1229 The animals treated with NAHNP significantly reduced levels of IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies against bovine type II collagen. 25242730 8 102 theme knee 1418:1421 arg1 joints 1423:1428 knee joints 1418:1428 knee joints 1418:1428 Moreover, nuclear localization of RelA in knee joints was significantly inhibited in NAHNP treatment, indicating down-regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. 25242730 10 103 theme heparin 1820:1826 arg1 derivatives 1828:1838 lipid modified heparin derivatives 1805:1838 lipid modified heparin derivatives composited to nanostructures 1805:1867 These results suggest that selective inhibition of TLR4-NF-κB signaling with lipid modified heparin derivatives composited to nanostructures provides an effective therapeutic approach to inhibit chronic inflammation in an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis. 25242730 1 104 theme critical 244:251 arg1 role 253:256 a critical role 242:256 a critical role 242:256 It has been recently shown that Toll-like receptor4 mediated nuclear factor κB (TLR4-NF-κB) signaling plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines in arthritic synovium. 26076645 5 0 theme mass 726:729 arg1 analysis 745:752 mass spectrometric analysis 726:752 mass spectrometric analysis 726:752 Some thermal degradation products of the PVA/CNCs composites were identified by mass spectrometric analysis. 26076645 3 1 theme neat 538:541 arg1 PVA 543:545 the neat PVA 534:545 the neat PVA 534:545 Due to the presence of CNCs nanoparticles, thermal degradation of the composites occurs at much higher temperatures compared to that of the neat PVA. 26076645 4 2 theme CNCs 620:623 arg1 content 625:631 CNCs content 620:631 CNCs content of 8-12 wt% 620:643 Thermal stability of the PVA/CNCs composites is maximally enhanced with CNCs content of 8-12 wt%. 26076645 4 3 theme Thermal 548:554 arg1 stability 556:564 Thermal stability 548:564 Thermal stability of the PVA/CNCs composites 548:591 Thermal stability of the PVA/CNCs composites is maximally enhanced with CNCs content of 8-12 wt%. 26076645 8 4 dep comes 1151:1155 arg1 followed 1163:1170 followed 1163:1170 comes first followed by the degradation of PVA 1151:1196 In this case, the degradation of CNCs comes first followed by the degradation of PVA. 26076645 8 5 theme CNCs 1146:1149 arg1 degradation 1131:1141 the degradation 1127:1141 the degradation of CNCs 1127:1149 In this case, the degradation of CNCs comes first followed by the degradation of PVA. 26076645 5 6 theme PVA/CNCs 687:694 arg1 composites 696:705 the PVA/CNCs composites 683:705 the PVA/CNCs composites 683:705 Some thermal degradation products of the PVA/CNCs composites were identified by mass spectrometric analysis. 26076645 3 7 theme nanoparticles 426:438 arg1 presence 409:416 the presence 405:416 the presence of CNCs nanoparticles 405:438 Due to the presence of CNCs nanoparticles, thermal degradation of the composites occurs at much higher temperatures compared to that of the neat PVA. 26076645 1 8 theme Thermal 77:83 arg1 stability 85:93 Thermal stability 77:93 Thermal stability of polyvinyl alcohol/cellulose nanocrystals (PVA/CNCs) composites prepared with solution casting technique 77:200 Thermal stability of polyvinyl alcohol/cellulose nanocrystals (PVA/CNCs) composites prepared with solution casting technique was studied. 26076645 2 9 theme thermogravimetric 365:381 arg1 analysis 388:395 thermogravimetric (TG) analysis 365:395 thermogravimetric (TG) analysis 365:395 The PVA/CNCs composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. 26076645 2 9 theme thermogravimetric 365:381 arg1 TG 384:385 TG 384:385 TG 384:385 The PVA/CNCs composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. 26076645 5 10 theme composites 696:705 arg1 products 671:678 Some thermal degradation products 646:678 Some thermal degradation products of the PVA/CNCs composites 646:705 Some thermal degradation products of the PVA/CNCs composites were identified by mass spectrometric analysis. 26076645 6 11 theme TG 755:756 arg1 measurements 758:769 TG measurements 755:769 TG measurements with synchronous recording of mass spectra 755:812 TG measurements with synchronous recording of mass spectra revealed that the thermal degradation of both CNCs and PVA in the composites with CNCs content of 8-12 wt% occurs simultaneously at a much higher temperature than that of CNCs or the neat PVA. 26076645 6 12 theme neat 997:1000 arg1 PVA 1002:1004 the neat PVA 993:1004 the neat PVA 993:1004 TG measurements with synchronous recording of mass spectra revealed that the thermal degradation of both CNCs and PVA in the composites with CNCs content of 8-12 wt% occurs simultaneously at a much higher temperature than that of CNCs or the neat PVA. 26076645 6 13 theme % 919:919 arg1 content 901:907 CNCs content 896:907 CNCs content of 8-12 wt% 896:919 TG measurements with synchronous recording of mass spectra revealed that the thermal degradation of both CNCs and PVA in the composites with CNCs content of 8-12 wt% occurs simultaneously at a much higher temperature than that of CNCs or the neat PVA. 26076645 2 14 theme scanning 334:341 arg1 calorimeter 343:353 differential scanning calorimeter 321:353 differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) 321:359 The PVA/CNCs composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. 26076645 2 14 theme scanning 334:341 arg1 DSC 356:358 DSC 356:358 DSC 356:358 The PVA/CNCs composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. 26076645 3 15 theme thermal 441:447 arg1 degradation 449:459 thermal degradation 441:459 thermal degradation of the composites 441:477 Due to the presence of CNCs nanoparticles, thermal degradation of the composites occurs at much higher temperatures compared to that of the neat PVA. 26076645 6 16 theme wt 917:918 arg1 % 919:919 8-12 wt% 912:919 8-12 wt% 912:919 TG measurements with synchronous recording of mass spectra revealed that the thermal degradation of both CNCs and PVA in the composites with CNCs content of 8-12 wt% occurs simultaneously at a much higher temperature than that of CNCs or the neat PVA. 26076645 5 17 theme thermal 651:657 arg1 products 671:678 Some thermal degradation products 646:678 Some thermal degradation products of the PVA/CNCs composites 646:705 Some thermal degradation products of the PVA/CNCs composites were identified by mass spectrometric analysis. 26076645 1 18 theme polyvinyl 98:106 arg1 composites 150:159 polyvinyl alcohol/cellulose nanocrystals (PVA/CNCs) composites 98:159 polyvinyl alcohol/cellulose nanocrystals (PVA/CNCs) composites prepared with solution casting technique 98:200 Thermal stability of polyvinyl alcohol/cellulose nanocrystals (PVA/CNCs) composites prepared with solution casting technique was studied. 26076645 3 19 theme CNCs 421:424 arg1 nanoparticles 426:438 CNCs nanoparticles 421:438 CNCs nanoparticles 421:438 Due to the presence of CNCs nanoparticles, thermal degradation of the composites occurs at much higher temperatures compared to that of the neat PVA. 26076645 5 20 theme degradation 659:669 arg1 products 671:678 Some thermal degradation products 646:678 Some thermal degradation products of the PVA/CNCs composites 646:705 Some thermal degradation products of the PVA/CNCs composites were identified by mass spectrometric analysis. 26076645 6 21 theme thermal 832:838 arg1 degradation 840:850 the thermal degradation 828:850 the thermal degradation of both CNCs and PVA in the composites with CNCs content of 8-12 wt% 828:919 TG measurements with synchronous recording of mass spectra revealed that the thermal degradation of both CNCs and PVA in the composites with CNCs content of 8-12 wt% occurs simultaneously at a much higher temperature than that of CNCs or the neat PVA. 26076645 1 22 theme alcohol/cellulose 108:124 arg1 composites 150:159 polyvinyl alcohol/cellulose nanocrystals (PVA/CNCs) composites 98:159 polyvinyl alcohol/cellulose nanocrystals (PVA/CNCs) composites prepared with solution casting technique 98:200 Thermal stability of polyvinyl alcohol/cellulose nanocrystals (PVA/CNCs) composites prepared with solution casting technique was studied. 26076645 0 23 theme Thermal 0:6 arg1 stability 8:16 Thermal stability 0:16 Thermal stability of polyvinyl alcohol/nanocrystalline cellulose composites 0:74 Thermal stability of polyvinyl alcohol/nanocrystalline cellulose composites. 26076645 1 24 theme nanocrystals 126:137 arg1 composites 150:159 polyvinyl alcohol/cellulose nanocrystals (PVA/CNCs) composites 98:159 polyvinyl alcohol/cellulose nanocrystals (PVA/CNCs) composites prepared with solution casting technique 98:200 Thermal stability of polyvinyl alcohol/cellulose nanocrystals (PVA/CNCs) composites prepared with solution casting technique was studied. 26076645 3 25 theme composites 468:477 arg1 degradation 449:459 thermal degradation 441:459 thermal degradation of the composites 441:477 Due to the presence of CNCs nanoparticles, thermal degradation of the composites occurs at much higher temperatures compared to that of the neat PVA. 26076645 0 26 theme polyvinyl 21:29 arg1 composites 65:74 polyvinyl alcohol/nanocrystalline cellulose composites 21:74 polyvinyl alcohol/nanocrystalline cellulose composites 21:74 Thermal stability of polyvinyl alcohol/nanocrystalline cellulose composites. 26076645 4 27 theme composites 582:591 arg1 stability 556:564 Thermal stability 548:564 Thermal stability of the PVA/CNCs composites 548:591 Thermal stability of the PVA/CNCs composites is maximally enhanced with CNCs content of 8-12 wt%. 26076645 5 28 theme spectrometric 731:743 arg1 analysis 745:752 mass spectrometric analysis 726:752 mass spectrometric analysis 726:752 Some thermal degradation products of the PVA/CNCs composites were identified by mass spectrometric analysis. 26076645 8 29 theme PVA 1194:1196 arg1 degradation 1179:1189 the degradation 1175:1189 the degradation of PVA 1175:1196 In this case, the degradation of CNCs comes first followed by the degradation of PVA. 26076645 2 30 dep transform 269:277 arg1 infrared 279:286 infrared 279:286 transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis 269:395 The PVA/CNCs composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. 26076645 7 31 theme thermal 1066:1072 arg1 stability 1074:1082 the thermal stability 1062:1082 the thermal stability of the composites 1062:1100 However, with increasing CNCs content more than 12 wt% the thermal stability of the composites decreases. 26076645 2 32 theme PVA/CNCs 219:226 arg1 composites 228:237 The PVA/CNCs composites 215:237 The PVA/CNCs composites 215:237 The PVA/CNCs composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. 26076645 1 33 theme PVA/CNCs 140:147 arg1 composites 150:159 polyvinyl alcohol/cellulose nanocrystals (PVA/CNCs) composites 98:159 polyvinyl alcohol/cellulose nanocrystals (PVA/CNCs) composites prepared with solution casting technique 98:200 Thermal stability of polyvinyl alcohol/cellulose nanocrystals (PVA/CNCs) composites prepared with solution casting technique was studied. 26076645 2 34 dep Fourier 261:267 arg1 transform 269:277 transform 269:277 transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis 269:395 The PVA/CNCs composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. 26076645 0 35 theme cellulose 55:63 arg1 composites 65:74 polyvinyl alcohol/nanocrystalline cellulose composites 21:74 polyvinyl alcohol/nanocrystalline cellulose composites 21:74 Thermal stability of polyvinyl alcohol/nanocrystalline cellulose composites. 26076645 7 36 theme wt 1058:1059 arg1 % 1060:1060 12 wt% 1055:1060 12 wt% 1055:1060 However, with increasing CNCs content more than 12 wt% the thermal stability of the composites decreases. 26076645 6 37 with composites 880:889 arg1 content 901:907 CNCs content 896:907 CNCs content of 8-12 wt% 896:919 TG measurements with synchronous recording of mass spectra revealed that the thermal degradation of both CNCs and PVA in the composites with CNCs content of 8-12 wt% occurs simultaneously at a much higher temperature than that of CNCs or the neat PVA. 26076645 6 38 from degradation 840:850 arg1 composites 880:889 the composites 876:889 the composites with CNCs content of 8-12 wt% 876:919 TG measurements with synchronous recording of mass spectra revealed that the thermal degradation of both CNCs and PVA in the composites with CNCs content of 8-12 wt% occurs simultaneously at a much higher temperature than that of CNCs or the neat PVA. 26076645 0 39 theme alcohol/nanocrystalline 31:53 arg1 composites 65:74 polyvinyl alcohol/nanocrystalline cellulose composites 21:74 polyvinyl alcohol/nanocrystalline cellulose composites 21:74 Thermal stability of polyvinyl alcohol/nanocrystalline cellulose composites. 26076645 6 40 theme CNCs 896:899 arg1 content 901:907 CNCs content 896:907 CNCs content of 8-12 wt% 896:919 TG measurements with synchronous recording of mass spectra revealed that the thermal degradation of both CNCs and PVA in the composites with CNCs content of 8-12 wt% occurs simultaneously at a much higher temperature than that of CNCs or the neat PVA. 26076645 7 41 theme more 1045:1048 arg1 CNCs 1032:1035 CNCs 1032:1035 CNCs content more than 12 wt% 1032:1060 However, with increasing CNCs content more than 12 wt% the thermal stability of the composites decreases. 26076645 3 42 theme higher 494:499 arg1 temperatures 501:512 much higher temperatures 489:512 much higher temperatures 489:512 Due to the presence of CNCs nanoparticles, thermal degradation of the composites occurs at much higher temperatures compared to that of the neat PVA. 26076645 6 43 theme spectra 806:812 arg1 recording 788:796 synchronous recording 776:796 synchronous recording of mass spectra 776:812 TG measurements with synchronous recording of mass spectra revealed that the thermal degradation of both CNCs and PVA in the composites with CNCs content of 8-12 wt% occurs simultaneously at a much higher temperature than that of CNCs or the neat PVA. 26076645 0 44 theme composites 65:74 arg1 stability 8:16 Thermal stability 0:16 Thermal stability of polyvinyl alcohol/nanocrystalline cellulose composites 0:74 Thermal stability of polyvinyl alcohol/nanocrystalline cellulose composites. 26076645 4 45 theme PVA/CNCs 573:580 arg1 composites 582:591 the PVA/CNCs composites 569:591 the PVA/CNCs composites 569:591 Thermal stability of the PVA/CNCs composites is maximally enhanced with CNCs content of 8-12 wt%. 26076645 7 46 theme composites 1091:1100 arg1 stability 1074:1082 the thermal stability 1062:1082 the thermal stability of the composites 1062:1100 However, with increasing CNCs content more than 12 wt% the thermal stability of the composites decreases. 26076645 6 47 theme mass 801:804 arg1 spectra 806:812 mass spectra 801:812 mass spectra 801:812 TG measurements with synchronous recording of mass spectra revealed that the thermal degradation of both CNCs and PVA in the composites with CNCs content of 8-12 wt% occurs simultaneously at a much higher temperature than that of CNCs or the neat PVA. 26076645 1 48 theme composites 150:159 arg1 stability 85:93 Thermal stability 77:93 Thermal stability of polyvinyl alcohol/cellulose nanocrystals (PVA/CNCs) composites prepared with solution casting technique 77:200 Thermal stability of polyvinyl alcohol/cellulose nanocrystals (PVA/CNCs) composites prepared with solution casting technique was studied. 26076645 6 49 theme higher 953:958 arg1 temperature 960:970 a much higher temperature 946:970 a much higher temperature than that of CNCs or the neat PVA 946:1004 TG measurements with synchronous recording of mass spectra revealed that the thermal degradation of both CNCs and PVA in the composites with CNCs content of 8-12 wt% occurs simultaneously at a much higher temperature than that of CNCs or the neat PVA. 26076645 6 50 theme CNCs 860:863 arg1 degradation 840:850 the thermal degradation 828:850 the thermal degradation of both CNCs and PVA in the composites with CNCs content of 8-12 wt% 828:919 TG measurements with synchronous recording of mass spectra revealed that the thermal degradation of both CNCs and PVA in the composites with CNCs content of 8-12 wt% occurs simultaneously at a much higher temperature than that of CNCs or the neat PVA. 26076645 4 51 theme wt 641:642 arg1 % 643:643 8-12 wt% 636:643 8-12 wt% 636:643 Thermal stability of the PVA/CNCs composites is maximally enhanced with CNCs content of 8-12 wt%. 26076645 2 52 theme differential 321:332 arg1 calorimeter 343:353 differential scanning calorimeter 321:353 differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) 321:359 The PVA/CNCs composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. 26076645 2 52 theme differential 321:332 arg1 DSC 356:358 DSC 356:358 DSC 356:358 The PVA/CNCs composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. 26076645 6 53 with measurements 758:769 arg1 recording 788:796 synchronous recording 776:796 synchronous recording of mass spectra 776:812 TG measurements with synchronous recording of mass spectra revealed that the thermal degradation of both CNCs and PVA in the composites with CNCs content of 8-12 wt% occurs simultaneously at a much higher temperature than that of CNCs or the neat PVA. 26076645 6 54 theme PVA 869:871 arg1 degradation 840:850 the thermal degradation 828:850 the thermal degradation of both CNCs and PVA in the composites with CNCs content of 8-12 wt% 828:919 TG measurements with synchronous recording of mass spectra revealed that the thermal degradation of both CNCs and PVA in the composites with CNCs content of 8-12 wt% occurs simultaneously at a much higher temperature than that of CNCs or the neat PVA. 26076645 2 55 theme X-ray 302:306 arg1 diffraction 308:318 X-ray diffraction 302:318 X-ray diffraction 302:318 The PVA/CNCs composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. 26076645 6 56 theme synchronous 776:786 arg1 recording 788:796 synchronous recording 776:796 synchronous recording of mass spectra 776:812 TG measurements with synchronous recording of mass spectra revealed that the thermal degradation of both CNCs and PVA in the composites with CNCs content of 8-12 wt% occurs simultaneously at a much higher temperature than that of CNCs or the neat PVA. 26076645 1 57 theme solution 175:182 arg1 technique 192:200 solution casting technique 175:200 solution casting technique 175:200 Thermal stability of polyvinyl alcohol/cellulose nanocrystals (PVA/CNCs) composites prepared with solution casting technique was studied. 26076645 1 58 theme casting 184:190 arg1 technique 192:200 solution casting technique 175:200 solution casting technique 175:200 Thermal stability of polyvinyl alcohol/cellulose nanocrystals (PVA/CNCs) composites prepared with solution casting technique was studied. 26076645 4 59 theme % 643:643 arg1 content 625:631 CNCs content 620:631 CNCs content of 8-12 wt% 620:643 Thermal stability of the PVA/CNCs composites is maximally enhanced with CNCs content of 8-12 wt%. 24507294 5 0 theme low 731:733 arg1 content 749:755 low neutral sugar content 731:755 low neutral sugar content (6.41%) 731:763 The resulted oxalate-soluble pectin (OXSP) showed high galacturonic acid content (76.15%) and average molecular weight (980.67kDa), low neutral sugar content (6.41%) and degree of methoxylation (14.90%). 24507294 5 0 theme low 731:733 arg1 % 762:762 6.41% 758:762 6.41% 758:762 The resulted oxalate-soluble pectin (OXSP) showed high galacturonic acid content (76.15%) and average molecular weight (980.67kDa), low neutral sugar content (6.41%) and degree of methoxylation (14.90%). 24507294 2 1 theme pectin 312:317 arg1 pectin 312:317 pectin 312:317 pectin 312:317 Chemical composition analysis indicated alcohol insoluble solids (AIS) of PMTL contained high amount of pectin. 24507294 2 1 theme pectin 312:317 arg1 amount 302:307 high amount 297:307 high amount of pectin 297:317 Chemical composition analysis indicated alcohol insoluble solids (AIS) of PMTL contained high amount of pectin. 24507294 4 2 theme high 532:535 arg1 yield 537:541 a high yield 530:541 a high yield (20.61%) 530:550 Ammonium oxalate was found to be the most effective extracting agent, reflecting on a high yield (20.61%) and a significant change of morphology of AIS. 24507294 4 2 theme high 532:535 arg1 % 549:549 20.61% 544:549 20.61% 544:549 Ammonium oxalate was found to be the most effective extracting agent, reflecting on a high yield (20.61%) and a significant change of morphology of AIS. 24507294 0 3 theme physicochemical 66:80 arg1 properties 82:91 and its physicochemical properties 58:91 properties 82:91 Extraction of pectin from Premna microphylla turcz leaves and its physicochemical properties. 24507294 7 4 theme pectin 978:983 arg1 resource 953:960 a resource 951:960 a resource of low-methoxyl pectin 951:983 These results may allow an improved use of PMTL as a resource of low-methoxyl pectin, and observation of the morphology of residues can be helpful for evaluating the efficiency of extracting agents. 24507294 5 5 theme methoxylation 779:791 arg1 weight 711:716 average molecular weight 693:716 average molecular weight (980.67kDa) 693:728 The resulted oxalate-soluble pectin (OXSP) showed high galacturonic acid content (76.15%) and average molecular weight (980.67kDa), low neutral sugar content (6.41%) and degree of methoxylation (14.90%). 24507294 5 5 theme methoxylation 779:791 arg1 % 799:799 14.90% 794:799 14.90% 794:799 The resulted oxalate-soluble pectin (OXSP) showed high galacturonic acid content (76.15%) and average molecular weight (980.67kDa), low neutral sugar content (6.41%) and degree of methoxylation (14.90%). 24507294 5 5 theme methoxylation 779:791 arg1 content 749:755 low neutral sugar content 731:755 low neutral sugar content (6.41%) 731:763 The resulted oxalate-soluble pectin (OXSP) showed high galacturonic acid content (76.15%) and average molecular weight (980.67kDa), low neutral sugar content (6.41%) and degree of methoxylation (14.90%). 24507294 5 5 theme methoxylation 779:791 arg1 % 686:686 76.15% 681:686 76.15% 681:686 The resulted oxalate-soluble pectin (OXSP) showed high galacturonic acid content (76.15%) and average molecular weight (980.67kDa), low neutral sugar content (6.41%) and degree of methoxylation (14.90%). 24507294 5 5 theme methoxylation 779:791 arg1 degree 769:774 degree 769:774 degree of methoxylation 769:791 The resulted oxalate-soluble pectin (OXSP) showed high galacturonic acid content (76.15%) and average molecular weight (980.67kDa), low neutral sugar content (6.41%) and degree of methoxylation (14.90%). 24507294 5 5 theme methoxylation 779:791 arg1 980.67kDa 719:727 980.67kDa 719:727 980.67kDa 719:727 The resulted oxalate-soluble pectin (OXSP) showed high galacturonic acid content (76.15%) and average molecular weight (980.67kDa), low neutral sugar content (6.41%) and degree of methoxylation (14.90%). 24507294 5 5 theme methoxylation 779:791 arg1 content 672:678 high galacturonic acid content 649:678 high galacturonic acid content (76.15%) 649:687 The resulted oxalate-soluble pectin (OXSP) showed high galacturonic acid content (76.15%) and average molecular weight (980.67kDa), low neutral sugar content (6.41%) and degree of methoxylation (14.90%). 24507294 5 5 theme methoxylation 779:791 arg1 % 762:762 6.41% 758:762 6.41% 758:762 The resulted oxalate-soluble pectin (OXSP) showed high galacturonic acid content (76.15%) and average molecular weight (980.67kDa), low neutral sugar content (6.41%) and degree of methoxylation (14.90%). 24507294 6 6 theme thickening 869:878 arg1 properties 880:889 excellent gelling and thickening properties 847:889 excellent gelling and thickening properties of OXSP 847:897 All of the characteristics have contributed excellent gelling and thickening properties of OXSP. 24507294 5 7 theme high 649:652 arg1 content 672:678 high galacturonic acid content 649:678 high galacturonic acid content (76.15%) 649:687 The resulted oxalate-soluble pectin (OXSP) showed high galacturonic acid content (76.15%) and average molecular weight (980.67kDa), low neutral sugar content (6.41%) and degree of methoxylation (14.90%). 24507294 5 7 theme high 649:652 arg1 % 686:686 76.15% 681:686 76.15% 681:686 The resulted oxalate-soluble pectin (OXSP) showed high galacturonic acid content (76.15%) and average molecular weight (980.67kDa), low neutral sugar content (6.41%) and degree of methoxylation (14.90%). 24507294 7 8 theme low-methoxyl 965:976 arg1 pectin 978:983 low-methoxyl pectin 965:983 low-methoxyl pectin 965:983 These results may allow an improved use of PMTL as a resource of low-methoxyl pectin, and observation of the morphology of residues can be helpful for evaluating the efficiency of extracting agents. 24507294 5 9 theme galacturonic 654:665 arg1 content 672:678 high galacturonic acid content 649:678 high galacturonic acid content (76.15%) 649:687 The resulted oxalate-soluble pectin (OXSP) showed high galacturonic acid content (76.15%) and average molecular weight (980.67kDa), low neutral sugar content (6.41%) and degree of methoxylation (14.90%). 24507294 5 9 theme galacturonic 654:665 arg1 % 686:686 76.15% 681:686 76.15% 681:686 The resulted oxalate-soluble pectin (OXSP) showed high galacturonic acid content (76.15%) and average molecular weight (980.67kDa), low neutral sugar content (6.41%) and degree of methoxylation (14.90%). 24507294 1 10 used used 143:146 arg2 turcz 113:117 Premna microphylla turcz leaves 94:124 Premna microphylla turcz leaves (PMTL) 94:131 Premna microphylla turcz leaves (PMTL) have been used for preparing a "green tofu" by Chinese for a long history. 24507294 1 10 used used 143:146 arg2 PMTL 127:130 PMTL 127:130 PMTL 127:130 Premna microphylla turcz leaves (PMTL) have been used for preparing a "green tofu" by Chinese for a long history. 24507294 2 11 theme insoluble 256:264 arg1 AIS 274:276 AIS 274:276 AIS 274:276 Chemical composition analysis indicated alcohol insoluble solids (AIS) of PMTL contained high amount of pectin. 24507294 2 11 theme insoluble 256:264 arg1 solids 266:271 alcohol insoluble solids 248:271 alcohol insoluble solids (AIS) of PMTL 248:285 Chemical composition analysis indicated alcohol insoluble solids (AIS) of PMTL contained high amount of pectin. 24507294 2 12 theme PMTL 282:285 arg1 AIS 274:276 AIS 274:276 AIS 274:276 Chemical composition analysis indicated alcohol insoluble solids (AIS) of PMTL contained high amount of pectin. 24507294 2 12 theme PMTL 282:285 arg1 solids 266:271 alcohol insoluble solids 248:271 alcohol insoluble solids (AIS) of PMTL 248:285 Chemical composition analysis indicated alcohol insoluble solids (AIS) of PMTL contained high amount of pectin. 24507294 5 13 theme acid 667:670 arg1 content 672:678 high galacturonic acid content 649:678 high galacturonic acid content (76.15%) 649:687 The resulted oxalate-soluble pectin (OXSP) showed high galacturonic acid content (76.15%) and average molecular weight (980.67kDa), low neutral sugar content (6.41%) and degree of methoxylation (14.90%). 24507294 5 13 theme acid 667:670 arg1 % 686:686 76.15% 681:686 76.15% 681:686 The resulted oxalate-soluble pectin (OXSP) showed high galacturonic acid content (76.15%) and average molecular weight (980.67kDa), low neutral sugar content (6.41%) and degree of methoxylation (14.90%). 24507294 0 14 from turcz 45:49 arg1 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction of pectin from Premna microphylla turcz 0:49 Extraction of pectin from Premna microphylla turcz leaves and its physicochemical properties. 24507294 7 15 theme residues 1023:1030 arg1 morphology 1009:1018 the morphology 1005:1018 the morphology of residues 1005:1030 These results may allow an improved use of PMTL as a resource of low-methoxyl pectin, and observation of the morphology of residues can be helpful for evaluating the efficiency of extracting agents. 24507294 2 16 theme alcohol 248:254 arg1 AIS 274:276 AIS 274:276 AIS 274:276 Chemical composition analysis indicated alcohol insoluble solids (AIS) of PMTL contained high amount of pectin. 24507294 2 16 theme alcohol 248:254 arg1 solids 266:271 alcohol insoluble solids 248:271 alcohol insoluble solids (AIS) of PMTL 248:285 Chemical composition analysis indicated alcohol insoluble solids (AIS) of PMTL contained high amount of pectin. 24507294 5 17 theme average 693:699 arg1 980.67kDa 719:727 980.67kDa 719:727 980.67kDa 719:727 The resulted oxalate-soluble pectin (OXSP) showed high galacturonic acid content (76.15%) and average molecular weight (980.67kDa), low neutral sugar content (6.41%) and degree of methoxylation (14.90%). 24507294 5 17 theme average 693:699 arg1 weight 711:716 average molecular weight 693:716 average molecular weight (980.67kDa) 693:728 The resulted oxalate-soluble pectin (OXSP) showed high galacturonic acid content (76.15%) and average molecular weight (980.67kDa), low neutral sugar content (6.41%) and degree of methoxylation (14.90%). 24507294 5 17 theme average 693:699 arg1 % 799:799 14.90% 794:799 14.90% 794:799 The resulted oxalate-soluble pectin (OXSP) showed high galacturonic acid content (76.15%) and average molecular weight (980.67kDa), low neutral sugar content (6.41%) and degree of methoxylation (14.90%). 24507294 6 18 theme gelling 857:863 arg1 properties 880:889 excellent gelling and thickening properties 847:889 excellent gelling and thickening properties of OXSP 847:897 All of the characteristics have contributed excellent gelling and thickening properties of OXSP. 24507294 4 19 theme significant 558:568 arg1 change 570:575 a significant change 556:575 a significant change of morphology of AIS 556:596 Ammonium oxalate was found to be the most effective extracting agent, reflecting on a high yield (20.61%) and a significant change of morphology of AIS. 24507294 3 20 used used 389:392 arg2 Water 320:324 Water 320:324 Water 320:324 Water, ammonium oxalate, hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide were used to extract different pectic fractions sequentially. 24507294 3 20 used used 389:392 arg2 hydroxide 374:382 sodium hydroxide 367:382 sodium hydroxide 367:382 Water, ammonium oxalate, hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide were used to extract different pectic fractions sequentially. 24507294 3 20 used used 389:392 arg2 acid 358:361 hydrochloric acid 345:361 hydrochloric acid 345:361 Water, ammonium oxalate, hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide were used to extract different pectic fractions sequentially. 24507294 3 20 used used 389:392 arg2 oxalate 336:342 ammonium oxalate 327:342 ammonium oxalate 327:342 Water, ammonium oxalate, hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide were used to extract different pectic fractions sequentially. 24507294 4 21 theme morphology 580:589 arg1 yield 537:541 a high yield 530:541 a high yield (20.61%) 530:550 Ammonium oxalate was found to be the most effective extracting agent, reflecting on a high yield (20.61%) and a significant change of morphology of AIS. 24507294 4 21 theme morphology 580:589 arg1 change 570:575 a significant change 556:575 a significant change of morphology of AIS 556:596 Ammonium oxalate was found to be the most effective extracting agent, reflecting on a high yield (20.61%) and a significant change of morphology of AIS. 24507294 4 21 theme morphology 580:589 arg1 % 549:549 20.61% 544:549 20.61% 544:549 Ammonium oxalate was found to be the most effective extracting agent, reflecting on a high yield (20.61%) and a significant change of morphology of AIS. 24507294 4 22 theme Ammonium 446:453 arg1 oxalate 455:461 Ammonium oxalate 446:461 Ammonium oxalate 446:461 Ammonium oxalate was found to be the most effective extracting agent, reflecting on a high yield (20.61%) and a significant change of morphology of AIS. 24507294 4 22 theme Ammonium 446:453 arg1 agent 509:513 the most effective extracting agent 479:513 the most effective extracting agent 479:513 Ammonium oxalate was found to be the most effective extracting agent, reflecting on a high yield (20.61%) and a significant change of morphology of AIS. 24507294 6 23 theme excellent 847:855 arg1 properties 880:889 excellent gelling and thickening properties 847:889 excellent gelling and thickening properties of OXSP 847:897 All of the characteristics have contributed excellent gelling and thickening properties of OXSP. 24507294 1 24 theme Premna 94:99 arg1 PMTL 127:130 PMTL 127:130 PMTL 127:130 Premna microphylla turcz leaves (PMTL) have been used for preparing a "green tofu" by Chinese for a long history. 24507294 1 24 theme Premna 94:99 arg1 turcz 113:117 Premna microphylla turcz leaves 94:124 Premna microphylla turcz leaves (PMTL) 94:131 Premna microphylla turcz leaves (PMTL) have been used for preparing a "green tofu" by Chinese for a long history. 24507294 1 25 theme green 165:169 arg1 " 175:175 a "green tofu" 162:175 a "green tofu" by Chinese for a long history 162:205 Premna microphylla turcz leaves (PMTL) have been used for preparing a "green tofu" by Chinese for a long history. 24507294 1 26 theme microphylla 101:111 arg1 PMTL 127:130 PMTL 127:130 PMTL 127:130 Premna microphylla turcz leaves (PMTL) have been used for preparing a "green tofu" by Chinese for a long history. 24507294 1 26 theme microphylla 101:111 arg1 turcz 113:117 Premna microphylla turcz leaves 94:124 Premna microphylla turcz leaves (PMTL) 94:131 Premna microphylla turcz leaves (PMTL) have been used for preparing a "green tofu" by Chinese for a long history. 24507294 1 27 theme tofu 171:174 arg1 " 175:175 a "green tofu" 162:175 a "green tofu" by Chinese for a long history 162:205 Premna microphylla turcz leaves (PMTL) have been used for preparing a "green tofu" by Chinese for a long history. 24507294 0 28 theme pectin 14:19 arg1 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction of pectin from Premna microphylla turcz 0:49 Extraction of pectin from Premna microphylla turcz leaves and its physicochemical properties. 24507294 7 29 theme PMTL 943:946 arg1 use 936:938 an improved use 924:938 an improved use of PMTL as a resource of low-methoxyl pectin 924:983 These results may allow an improved use of PMTL as a resource of low-methoxyl pectin, and observation of the morphology of residues can be helpful for evaluating the efficiency of extracting agents. 24507294 7 30 theme morphology 1009:1018 arg1 observation 990:1000 observation 990:1000 observation of the morphology of residues 990:1030 These results may allow an improved use of PMTL as a resource of low-methoxyl pectin, and observation of the morphology of residues can be helpful for evaluating the efficiency of extracting agents. 24507294 5 31 theme neutral 735:741 arg1 content 749:755 low neutral sugar content 731:755 low neutral sugar content (6.41%) 731:763 The resulted oxalate-soluble pectin (OXSP) showed high galacturonic acid content (76.15%) and average molecular weight (980.67kDa), low neutral sugar content (6.41%) and degree of methoxylation (14.90%). 24507294 5 31 theme neutral 735:741 arg1 % 762:762 6.41% 758:762 6.41% 758:762 The resulted oxalate-soluble pectin (OXSP) showed high galacturonic acid content (76.15%) and average molecular weight (980.67kDa), low neutral sugar content (6.41%) and degree of methoxylation (14.90%). 24507294 0 32 theme microphylla 33:43 arg1 turcz 45:49 Premna microphylla turcz 26:49 Premna microphylla turcz 26:49 Extraction of pectin from Premna microphylla turcz leaves and its physicochemical properties. 24507294 7 33 theme improved 927:934 arg1 use 936:938 an improved use 924:938 an improved use of PMTL as a resource of low-methoxyl pectin 924:983 These results may allow an improved use of PMTL as a resource of low-methoxyl pectin, and observation of the morphology of residues can be helpful for evaluating the efficiency of extracting agents. 24507294 4 34 theme AIS 594:596 arg1 morphology 580:589 morphology 580:589 morphology of AIS 580:596 Ammonium oxalate was found to be the most effective extracting agent, reflecting on a high yield (20.61%) and a significant change of morphology of AIS. 24507294 5 35 theme sugar 743:747 arg1 content 749:755 low neutral sugar content 731:755 low neutral sugar content (6.41%) 731:763 The resulted oxalate-soluble pectin (OXSP) showed high galacturonic acid content (76.15%) and average molecular weight (980.67kDa), low neutral sugar content (6.41%) and degree of methoxylation (14.90%). 24507294 5 35 theme sugar 743:747 arg1 % 762:762 6.41% 758:762 6.41% 758:762 The resulted oxalate-soluble pectin (OXSP) showed high galacturonic acid content (76.15%) and average molecular weight (980.67kDa), low neutral sugar content (6.41%) and degree of methoxylation (14.90%). 24507294 0 36 theme Premna 26:31 arg1 turcz 45:49 Premna microphylla turcz 26:49 Premna microphylla turcz 26:49 Extraction of pectin from Premna microphylla turcz leaves and its physicochemical properties. 24507294 3 37 theme sodium 367:372 arg1 hydroxide 374:382 sodium hydroxide 367:382 sodium hydroxide 367:382 Water, ammonium oxalate, hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide were used to extract different pectic fractions sequentially. 24507294 6 38 theme OXSP 894:897 arg1 properties 880:889 excellent gelling and thickening properties 847:889 excellent gelling and thickening properties of OXSP 847:897 All of the characteristics have contributed excellent gelling and thickening properties of OXSP. 24507294 3 39 theme different 405:413 arg1 fractions 422:430 different pectic fractions 405:430 different pectic fractions 405:430 Water, ammonium oxalate, hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide were used to extract different pectic fractions sequentially. 24507294 3 40 theme hydrochloric 345:356 arg1 acid 358:361 hydrochloric acid 345:361 hydrochloric acid 345:361 Water, ammonium oxalate, hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide were used to extract different pectic fractions sequentially. 24507294 7 41 theme agents 1091:1096 arg1 efficiency 1066:1075 the efficiency 1062:1075 the efficiency of extracting agents 1062:1096 These results may allow an improved use of PMTL as a resource of low-methoxyl pectin, and observation of the morphology of residues can be helpful for evaluating the efficiency of extracting agents. 24507294 4 42 theme extracting 498:507 arg1 oxalate 455:461 Ammonium oxalate 446:461 Ammonium oxalate 446:461 Ammonium oxalate was found to be the most effective extracting agent, reflecting on a high yield (20.61%) and a significant change of morphology of AIS. 24507294 4 42 theme extracting 498:507 arg1 agent 509:513 the most effective extracting agent 479:513 the most effective extracting agent 479:513 Ammonium oxalate was found to be the most effective extracting agent, reflecting on a high yield (20.61%) and a significant change of morphology of AIS. 24507294 5 43 theme resulted 603:610 arg1 OXSP 636:639 OXSP 636:639 OXSP 636:639 The resulted oxalate-soluble pectin (OXSP) showed high galacturonic acid content (76.15%) and average molecular weight (980.67kDa), low neutral sugar content (6.41%) and degree of methoxylation (14.90%). 24507294 5 43 theme resulted 603:610 arg1 pectin 628:633 The resulted oxalate-soluble pectin 599:633 The resulted oxalate-soluble pectin (OXSP) 599:640 The resulted oxalate-soluble pectin (OXSP) showed high galacturonic acid content (76.15%) and average molecular weight (980.67kDa), low neutral sugar content (6.41%) and degree of methoxylation (14.90%). 24507294 2 44 theme high 297:300 arg1 pectin 312:317 pectin 312:317 pectin 312:317 Chemical composition analysis indicated alcohol insoluble solids (AIS) of PMTL contained high amount of pectin. 24507294 2 44 theme high 297:300 arg1 amount 302:307 high amount 297:307 high amount of pectin 297:317 Chemical composition analysis indicated alcohol insoluble solids (AIS) of PMTL contained high amount of pectin. 24507294 4 45 theme effective 488:496 arg1 oxalate 455:461 Ammonium oxalate 446:461 Ammonium oxalate 446:461 Ammonium oxalate was found to be the most effective extracting agent, reflecting on a high yield (20.61%) and a significant change of morphology of AIS. 24507294 4 45 theme effective 488:496 arg1 agent 509:513 the most effective extracting agent 479:513 the most effective extracting agent 479:513 Ammonium oxalate was found to be the most effective extracting agent, reflecting on a high yield (20.61%) and a significant change of morphology of AIS. 24507294 5 46 theme oxalate-soluble 612:626 arg1 OXSP 636:639 OXSP 636:639 OXSP 636:639 The resulted oxalate-soluble pectin (OXSP) showed high galacturonic acid content (76.15%) and average molecular weight (980.67kDa), low neutral sugar content (6.41%) and degree of methoxylation (14.90%). 24507294 5 46 theme oxalate-soluble 612:626 arg1 pectin 628:633 The resulted oxalate-soluble pectin 599:633 The resulted oxalate-soluble pectin (OXSP) 599:640 The resulted oxalate-soluble pectin (OXSP) showed high galacturonic acid content (76.15%) and average molecular weight (980.67kDa), low neutral sugar content (6.41%) and degree of methoxylation (14.90%). 24507294 2 47 theme composition 217:227 arg1 analysis 229:236 Chemical composition analysis 208:236 Chemical composition analysis 208:236 Chemical composition analysis indicated alcohol insoluble solids (AIS) of PMTL contained high amount of pectin. 24507294 1 48 dep turcz 113:117 arg1 leaves 119:124 leaves 119:124 leaves 119:124 Premna microphylla turcz leaves (PMTL) have been used for preparing a "green tofu" by Chinese for a long history. 24507294 7 49 theme extracting 1080:1089 arg1 agents 1091:1096 extracting agents 1080:1096 extracting agents 1080:1096 These results may allow an improved use of PMTL as a resource of low-methoxyl pectin, and observation of the morphology of residues can be helpful for evaluating the efficiency of extracting agents. 24507294 2 50 theme Chemical 208:215 arg1 analysis 229:236 Chemical composition analysis 208:236 Chemical composition analysis 208:236 Chemical composition analysis indicated alcohol insoluble solids (AIS) of PMTL contained high amount of pectin. 24507294 3 51 theme pectic 415:420 arg1 fractions 422:430 different pectic fractions 405:430 different pectic fractions 405:430 Water, ammonium oxalate, hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide were used to extract different pectic fractions sequentially. 24507294 1 52 theme long 194:197 arg1 history 199:205 a long history 192:205 a long history 192:205 Premna microphylla turcz leaves (PMTL) have been used for preparing a "green tofu" by Chinese for a long history. 24507294 5 53 theme molecular 701:709 arg1 980.67kDa 719:727 980.67kDa 719:727 980.67kDa 719:727 The resulted oxalate-soluble pectin (OXSP) showed high galacturonic acid content (76.15%) and average molecular weight (980.67kDa), low neutral sugar content (6.41%) and degree of methoxylation (14.90%). 24507294 5 53 theme molecular 701:709 arg1 weight 711:716 average molecular weight 693:716 average molecular weight (980.67kDa) 693:728 The resulted oxalate-soluble pectin (OXSP) showed high galacturonic acid content (76.15%) and average molecular weight (980.67kDa), low neutral sugar content (6.41%) and degree of methoxylation (14.90%). 24507294 5 53 theme molecular 701:709 arg1 % 799:799 14.90% 794:799 14.90% 794:799 The resulted oxalate-soluble pectin (OXSP) showed high galacturonic acid content (76.15%) and average molecular weight (980.67kDa), low neutral sugar content (6.41%) and degree of methoxylation (14.90%). 24507294 3 54 theme ammonium 327:334 arg1 oxalate 336:342 ammonium oxalate 327:342 ammonium oxalate 327:342 Water, ammonium oxalate, hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide were used to extract different pectic fractions sequentially. 24507294 2 55 dep indicated 238:246 arg1 contained 287:295 contained 287:295 indicated alcohol insoluble solids (AIS) of PMTL contained high amount of pectin 238:317 Chemical composition analysis indicated alcohol insoluble solids (AIS) of PMTL contained high amount of pectin. 24360479 4 0 theme extraction 528:537 arg1 conditions 539:548 The optimum extraction conditions 516:548 The optimum extraction conditions 516:548 The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: raw material concentration, 50g/l, enzyme dose, 4.5g/l, extraction temperature, 50°C; extraction time, 70min; and ultrasonic power, 180W. 24360479 6 1 with treatment 898:906 arg1 yield 931:935 higher extraction yield 913:935 higher extraction yield 913:935 Ultrasound increased the efficiency of enzymatic treatment with higher extraction yield. 24360479 6 2 theme extraction 920:929 arg1 yield 931:935 higher extraction yield 913:935 higher extraction yield 913:935 Ultrasound increased the efficiency of enzymatic treatment with higher extraction yield. 24360479 6 3 theme higher 913:918 arg1 yield 931:935 higher extraction yield 913:935 higher extraction yield 913:935 Ultrasound increased the efficiency of enzymatic treatment with higher extraction yield. 24360479 2 4 from bran 343:346 arg1 arabinoxylan 319:330 extract arabinoxylan 311:330 extract arabinoxylan from wheat bran 311:346 In this study, ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction technology was first employed to extract arabinoxylan from wheat bran. 24360479 5 5 theme bran 794:797 arg1 yield 760:764 the experimental yield 743:764 the experimental yield 743:764 Under the above mentioned conditions, the experimental yield was 142.6±0.17mg/g of wheat bran, which is well matched with the predictive yield. 24360479 5 5 theme bran 794:797 arg1 142.6±0.17mg/g 770:783 142.6±0.17mg/g 770:783 142.6±0.17mg/g 770:783 Under the above mentioned conditions, the experimental yield was 142.6±0.17mg/g of wheat bran, which is well matched with the predictive yield. 24360479 4 6 theme enzyme 602:607 arg1 material 571:578 raw material 567:578 raw material concentration 567:592 The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: raw material concentration, 50g/l, enzyme dose, 4.5g/l, extraction temperature, 50°C; extraction time, 70min; and ultrasonic power, 180W. 24360479 4 6 theme enzyme 602:607 arg1 dose 609:612 enzyme dose 602:612 enzyme dose 602:612 The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: raw material concentration, 50g/l, enzyme dose, 4.5g/l, extraction temperature, 50°C; extraction time, 70min; and ultrasonic power, 180W. 24360479 5 7 theme mentioned 721:729 arg1 conditions 731:740 the above mentioned conditions 711:740 the above mentioned conditions 711:740 Under the above mentioned conditions, the experimental yield was 142.6±0.17mg/g of wheat bran, which is well matched with the predictive yield. 24360479 0 8 from Optimisation 0:11 arg1 bran 84:87 wheat bran 78:87 wheat bran 78:87 Optimisation of ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction of arabinoxylan from wheat bran. 24360479 6 9 theme treatment 898:906 arg1 efficiency 874:883 the efficiency 870:883 the efficiency of enzymatic treatment with higher extraction yield 870:935 Ultrasound increased the efficiency of enzymatic treatment with higher extraction yield. 24360479 1 10 theme wheat 141:145 arg1 bran 147:150 wheat bran 141:150 wheat bran 141:150 Arabinoxylan, the major dietary fibre component of wheat bran, is important from both technological and nutritional points of view. 24360479 6 11 theme enzymatic 888:896 arg1 treatment 898:906 enzymatic treatment 888:906 enzymatic treatment with higher extraction yield 888:935 Ultrasound increased the efficiency of enzymatic treatment with higher extraction yield. 24360479 3 12 theme five-level 454:463 arg1 design 508:513 a five-level, five-variable central composite rotatable design 452:513 a five-level, five-variable central composite rotatable design 452:513 The process for extraction of arabinoxylan was optimised using response surface methodology, employing a five-level, five-variable central composite rotatable design. 24360479 3 13 theme surface 421:427 arg1 methodology 429:439 response surface methodology 412:439 response surface methodology 412:439 The process for extraction of arabinoxylan was optimised using response surface methodology, employing a five-level, five-variable central composite rotatable design. 24360479 4 14 theme optimum 520:526 arg1 conditions 539:548 The optimum extraction conditions 516:548 The optimum extraction conditions 516:548 The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: raw material concentration, 50g/l, enzyme dose, 4.5g/l, extraction temperature, 50°C; extraction time, 70min; and ultrasonic power, 180W. 24360479 1 15 theme technological 176:188 arg1 points 206:211 both technological and nutritional points 171:211 both technological and nutritional points of view 171:219 Arabinoxylan, the major dietary fibre component of wheat bran, is important from both technological and nutritional points of view. 24360479 0 16 theme enzymatic 36:44 arg1 extraction 46:55 ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction 16:55 ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction of arabinoxylan from wheat bran 16:87 Optimisation of ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction of arabinoxylan from wheat bran. 24360479 2 17 theme extract 311:317 arg1 arabinoxylan 319:330 extract arabinoxylan 311:330 extract arabinoxylan from wheat bran 311:346 In this study, ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction technology was first employed to extract arabinoxylan from wheat bran. 24360479 1 18 theme nutritional 194:204 arg1 points 206:211 both technological and nutritional points 171:211 both technological and nutritional points of view 171:219 Arabinoxylan, the major dietary fibre component of wheat bran, is important from both technological and nutritional points of view. 24360479 0 19 theme ultrasound-assisted 16:34 arg1 extraction 46:55 ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction 16:55 ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction of arabinoxylan from wheat bran 16:87 Optimisation of ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction of arabinoxylan from wheat bran. 24360479 1 20 theme dietary 114:120 arg1 Arabinoxylan 90:101 Arabinoxylan 90:101 Arabinoxylan 90:101 Arabinoxylan, the major dietary fibre component of wheat bran, is important from both technological and nutritional points of view. 24360479 1 20 theme dietary 114:120 arg1 component 128:136 the major dietary fibre component 104:136 the major dietary fibre component of wheat bran 104:150 Arabinoxylan, the major dietary fibre component of wheat bran, is important from both technological and nutritional points of view. 24360479 3 21 theme rotatable 498:506 arg1 design 508:513 a five-level, five-variable central composite rotatable design 452:513 a five-level, five-variable central composite rotatable design 452:513 The process for extraction of arabinoxylan was optimised using response surface methodology, employing a five-level, five-variable central composite rotatable design. 24360479 4 22 theme extraction 653:662 arg1 material 571:578 raw material 567:578 raw material concentration 567:592 The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: raw material concentration, 50g/l, enzyme dose, 4.5g/l, extraction temperature, 50°C; extraction time, 70min; and ultrasonic power, 180W. 24360479 4 22 theme extraction 653:662 arg1 time 664:667 extraction time 653:667 extraction time 653:667 The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: raw material concentration, 50g/l, enzyme dose, 4.5g/l, extraction temperature, 50°C; extraction time, 70min; and ultrasonic power, 180W. 24360479 5 23 theme predictive 831:840 arg1 yield 842:846 the predictive yield 827:846 the predictive yield 827:846 Under the above mentioned conditions, the experimental yield was 142.6±0.17mg/g of wheat bran, which is well matched with the predictive yield. 24360479 0 24 theme extraction 46:55 arg1 Optimisation 0:11 Optimisation 0:11 Optimisation of ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction of arabinoxylan from wheat bran 0:87 Optimisation of ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction of arabinoxylan from wheat bran. 24360479 5 25 theme above 715:719 arg1 conditions 731:740 the above mentioned conditions 711:740 the above mentioned conditions 711:740 Under the above mentioned conditions, the experimental yield was 142.6±0.17mg/g of wheat bran, which is well matched with the predictive yield. 24360479 5 26 theme wheat 788:792 arg1 bran 794:797 wheat bran 788:797 wheat bran 788:797 Under the above mentioned conditions, the experimental yield was 142.6±0.17mg/g of wheat bran, which is well matched with the predictive yield. 24360479 0 27 from bran 84:87 arg1 Optimisation 0:11 Optimisation 0:11 Optimisation of ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction of arabinoxylan from wheat bran 0:87 Optimisation of ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction of arabinoxylan from wheat bran. 24360479 0 27 from bran 84:87 arg1 extraction 46:55 ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction 16:55 ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction of arabinoxylan from wheat bran 16:87 Optimisation of ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction of arabinoxylan from wheat bran. 24360479 3 28 theme arabinoxylan 379:390 arg1 extraction 365:374 extraction 365:374 extraction of arabinoxylan 365:390 The process for extraction of arabinoxylan was optimised using response surface methodology, employing a five-level, five-variable central composite rotatable design. 24360479 1 29 theme view 216:219 arg1 points 206:211 both technological and nutritional points 171:211 both technological and nutritional points of view 171:219 Arabinoxylan, the major dietary fibre component of wheat bran, is important from both technological and nutritional points of view. 24360479 3 30 theme response 412:419 arg1 methodology 429:439 response surface methodology 412:439 response surface methodology 412:439 The process for extraction of arabinoxylan was optimised using response surface methodology, employing a five-level, five-variable central composite rotatable design. 24360479 3 31 dep five-level 454:463 arg1 five-variable 466:478 five-variable 466:478 five-variable 466:478 The process for extraction of arabinoxylan was optimised using response surface methodology, employing a five-level, five-variable central composite rotatable design. 24360479 1 32 theme fibre 122:126 arg1 Arabinoxylan 90:101 Arabinoxylan 90:101 Arabinoxylan 90:101 Arabinoxylan, the major dietary fibre component of wheat bran, is important from both technological and nutritional points of view. 24360479 1 32 theme fibre 122:126 arg1 component 128:136 the major dietary fibre component 104:136 the major dietary fibre component of wheat bran 104:150 Arabinoxylan, the major dietary fibre component of wheat bran, is important from both technological and nutritional points of view. 24360479 0 33 theme arabinoxylan 60:71 arg1 extraction 46:55 ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction 16:55 ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction of arabinoxylan from wheat bran 16:87 Optimisation of ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction of arabinoxylan from wheat bran. 24360479 4 34 theme raw 567:569 arg1 50°C 647:650 50°C 647:650 50°C 647:650 The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: raw material concentration, 50g/l, enzyme dose, 4.5g/l, extraction temperature, 50°C; extraction time, 70min; and ultrasonic power, 180W. 24360479 4 34 theme raw 567:569 arg1 4.5g/l 615:620 4.5g/l 615:620 4.5g/l 615:620 The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: raw material concentration, 50g/l, enzyme dose, 4.5g/l, extraction temperature, 50°C; extraction time, 70min; and ultrasonic power, 180W. 24360479 4 34 theme raw 567:569 arg1 time 664:667 extraction time 653:667 extraction time 653:667 The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: raw material concentration, 50g/l, enzyme dose, 4.5g/l, extraction temperature, 50°C; extraction time, 70min; and ultrasonic power, 180W. 24360479 4 34 theme raw 567:569 arg1 50g/l 595:599 50g/l 595:599 50g/l 595:599 The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: raw material concentration, 50g/l, enzyme dose, 4.5g/l, extraction temperature, 50°C; extraction time, 70min; and ultrasonic power, 180W. 24360479 4 34 theme raw 567:569 arg1 power 692:696 ultrasonic power 681:696 ultrasonic power 681:696 The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: raw material concentration, 50g/l, enzyme dose, 4.5g/l, extraction temperature, 50°C; extraction time, 70min; and ultrasonic power, 180W. 24360479 4 34 theme raw 567:569 arg1 180W 699:702 180W 699:702 180W 699:702 The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: raw material concentration, 50g/l, enzyme dose, 4.5g/l, extraction temperature, 50°C; extraction time, 70min; and ultrasonic power, 180W. 24360479 4 34 theme raw 567:569 arg1 temperature 634:644 extraction temperature 623:644 extraction temperature 623:644 The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: raw material concentration, 50g/l, enzyme dose, 4.5g/l, extraction temperature, 50°C; extraction time, 70min; and ultrasonic power, 180W. 24360479 4 34 theme raw 567:569 arg1 70min 670:674 70min 670:674 70min 670:674 The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: raw material concentration, 50g/l, enzyme dose, 4.5g/l, extraction temperature, 50°C; extraction time, 70min; and ultrasonic power, 180W. 24360479 4 34 theme raw 567:569 arg1 material 571:578 raw material 567:578 raw material concentration 567:592 The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: raw material concentration, 50g/l, enzyme dose, 4.5g/l, extraction temperature, 50°C; extraction time, 70min; and ultrasonic power, 180W. 24360479 4 34 theme raw 567:569 arg1 dose 609:612 enzyme dose 602:612 enzyme dose 602:612 The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: raw material concentration, 50g/l, enzyme dose, 4.5g/l, extraction temperature, 50°C; extraction time, 70min; and ultrasonic power, 180W. 24360479 2 35 theme extraction 267:276 arg1 technology 278:287 ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction technology 237:287 ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction technology 237:287 In this study, ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction technology was first employed to extract arabinoxylan from wheat bran. 24360479 1 36 from points 206:211 arg1 important 156:164 important 156:164 important 156:164 Arabinoxylan, the major dietary fibre component of wheat bran, is important from both technological and nutritional points of view. 24360479 1 37 theme major 108:112 arg1 Arabinoxylan 90:101 Arabinoxylan 90:101 Arabinoxylan 90:101 Arabinoxylan, the major dietary fibre component of wheat bran, is important from both technological and nutritional points of view. 24360479 1 37 theme major 108:112 arg1 component 128:136 the major dietary fibre component 104:136 the major dietary fibre component of wheat bran 104:150 Arabinoxylan, the major dietary fibre component of wheat bran, is important from both technological and nutritional points of view. 24360479 4 38 theme extraction 623:632 arg1 material 571:578 raw material 567:578 raw material concentration 567:592 The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: raw material concentration, 50g/l, enzyme dose, 4.5g/l, extraction temperature, 50°C; extraction time, 70min; and ultrasonic power, 180W. 24360479 4 38 theme extraction 623:632 arg1 temperature 634:644 extraction temperature 623:644 extraction temperature 623:644 The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: raw material concentration, 50g/l, enzyme dose, 4.5g/l, extraction temperature, 50°C; extraction time, 70min; and ultrasonic power, 180W. 24360479 2 39 theme enzymatic 257:265 arg1 technology 278:287 ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction technology 237:287 ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction technology 237:287 In this study, ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction technology was first employed to extract arabinoxylan from wheat bran. 24360479 2 40 theme wheat 337:341 arg1 bran 343:346 wheat bran 337:346 wheat bran 337:346 In this study, ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction technology was first employed to extract arabinoxylan from wheat bran. 24360479 5 41 theme experimental 747:758 arg1 yield 760:764 the experimental yield 743:764 the experimental yield 743:764 Under the above mentioned conditions, the experimental yield was 142.6±0.17mg/g of wheat bran, which is well matched with the predictive yield. 24360479 5 41 theme experimental 747:758 arg1 142.6±0.17mg/g 770:783 142.6±0.17mg/g 770:783 142.6±0.17mg/g 770:783 Under the above mentioned conditions, the experimental yield was 142.6±0.17mg/g of wheat bran, which is well matched with the predictive yield. 24360479 3 42 theme central 480:486 arg1 design 508:513 a five-level, five-variable central composite rotatable design 452:513 a five-level, five-variable central composite rotatable design 452:513 The process for extraction of arabinoxylan was optimised using response surface methodology, employing a five-level, five-variable central composite rotatable design. 24360479 2 43 theme ultrasound-assisted 237:255 arg1 technology 278:287 ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction technology 237:287 ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction technology 237:287 In this study, ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction technology was first employed to extract arabinoxylan from wheat bran. 24360479 3 44 theme composite 488:496 arg1 design 508:513 a five-level, five-variable central composite rotatable design 452:513 a five-level, five-variable central composite rotatable design 452:513 The process for extraction of arabinoxylan was optimised using response surface methodology, employing a five-level, five-variable central composite rotatable design. 24360479 1 45 theme bran 147:150 arg1 Arabinoxylan 90:101 Arabinoxylan 90:101 Arabinoxylan 90:101 Arabinoxylan, the major dietary fibre component of wheat bran, is important from both technological and nutritional points of view. 24360479 1 45 theme bran 147:150 arg1 component 128:136 the major dietary fibre component 104:136 the major dietary fibre component of wheat bran 104:150 Arabinoxylan, the major dietary fibre component of wheat bran, is important from both technological and nutritional points of view. 24360479 0 46 theme wheat 78:82 arg1 bran 84:87 wheat bran 78:87 wheat bran 78:87 Optimisation of ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction of arabinoxylan from wheat bran. 24360479 4 47 dep material 571:578 arg1 concentration 580:592 concentration 580:592 raw material concentration 567:592 The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: raw material concentration, 50g/l, enzyme dose, 4.5g/l, extraction temperature, 50°C; extraction time, 70min; and ultrasonic power, 180W. 24360479 4 48 theme ultrasonic 681:690 arg1 material 571:578 raw material 567:578 raw material concentration 567:592 The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: raw material concentration, 50g/l, enzyme dose, 4.5g/l, extraction temperature, 50°C; extraction time, 70min; and ultrasonic power, 180W. 24360479 4 48 theme ultrasonic 681:690 arg1 power 692:696 ultrasonic power 681:696 ultrasonic power 681:696 The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: raw material concentration, 50g/l, enzyme dose, 4.5g/l, extraction temperature, 50°C; extraction time, 70min; and ultrasonic power, 180W. 27145434 3 0 theme scanning 731:738 arg1 microscopy 749:758 scanning electron microscopy 731:758 scanning electron microscopy 731:758 The obtained CD-AN amphiphiles can self-assemble in water from primary core-shell micelles to secondary aggregates with the diameter changing from several tens nm to around 600-700 nm via MMA process according to the images of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy as well as the dynamic light scattering measurements, followed by further crosslinking through photo-dimerization of anthracene. 27145434 0 1 theme Amphiphilic 17:27 arg1 CD-AN 71:75 CD-AN 71:75 CD-AN 71:75 Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Anthracene-Functionalized β-Cyclodextrin (CD-AN) through Multi-Micelle Aggregation. 27145434 0 1 theme Amphiphilic 17:27 arg1 β-Cyclodextrin 55:68 Amphiphilic Anthracene-Functionalized β-Cyclodextrin 17:68 Amphiphilic Anthracene-Functionalized β-Cyclodextrin (CD-AN) 17:76 Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Anthracene-Functionalized β-Cyclodextrin (CD-AN) through Multi-Micelle Aggregation. 27145434 1 2 theme large 191:195 arg1 micelles 207:214 large spherical micelles 191:214 large spherical micelles 191:214 Multi-micelle aggregation (MMA) mechanism is widely acknowledged to explicate large spherical micelles self-assembly, but the process of MMA during self-assembly is hard to observe. 27145434 2 3 theme novel 305:309 arg1 kind 311:314 a novel kind 303:314 a novel kind of strong, regular microspheres fabricated from self-assembly of amphiphilic anthracene-functionalized β-cyclodextrin (CD-AN) via Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne click reactions 303:489 Herein, a novel kind of strong, regular microspheres fabricated from self-assembly of amphiphilic anthracene-functionalized β-cyclodextrin (CD-AN) via Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne click reactions is reported. 27145434 3 4 from micelles 586:593 arg1 water 556:560 water 556:560 water from primary core-shell micelles 556:593 The obtained CD-AN amphiphiles can self-assemble in water from primary core-shell micelles to secondary aggregates with the diameter changing from several tens nm to around 600-700 nm via MMA process according to the images of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy as well as the dynamic light scattering measurements, followed by further crosslinking through photo-dimerization of anthracene. 27145434 3 5 theme light 846:850 arg1 measurements 863:874 the dynamic light scattering measurements 834:874 the dynamic light scattering measurements 834:874 The obtained CD-AN amphiphiles can self-assemble in water from primary core-shell micelles to secondary aggregates with the diameter changing from several tens nm to around 600-700 nm via MMA process according to the images of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy as well as the dynamic light scattering measurements, followed by further crosslinking through photo-dimerization of anthracene. 27145434 4 6 theme photo-crosslinked 995:1011 arg1 self-assemblies 1013:1027 such photo-crosslinked self-assemblies 990:1027 such photo-crosslinked self-assemblies 990:1027 What merits special attention is that such photo-crosslinked self-assemblies are able to disaggregate reversibly into primary nanoparticles when changing the solution conditions, which is benefited from the designed regular structure of CD-AN and the rigid ranging of anthracene during assembly, thus confirming the process of MMA. 27145434 4 7 theme solution 1110:1117 arg1 conditions 1119:1128 the solution conditions 1106:1128 the solution conditions 1106:1128 What merits special attention is that such photo-crosslinked self-assemblies are able to disaggregate reversibly into primary nanoparticles when changing the solution conditions, which is benefited from the designed regular structure of CD-AN and the rigid ranging of anthracene during assembly, thus confirming the process of MMA. 27145434 3 8 theme scattering 852:861 arg1 measurements 863:874 the dynamic light scattering measurements 834:874 the dynamic light scattering measurements 834:874 The obtained CD-AN amphiphiles can self-assemble in water from primary core-shell micelles to secondary aggregates with the diameter changing from several tens nm to around 600-700 nm via MMA process according to the images of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy as well as the dynamic light scattering measurements, followed by further crosslinking through photo-dimerization of anthracene. 27145434 3 9 theme transmission 761:772 arg1 microscopy 783:792 transmission electron microscopy 761:792 transmission electron microscopy 761:792 The obtained CD-AN amphiphiles can self-assemble in water from primary core-shell micelles to secondary aggregates with the diameter changing from several tens nm to around 600-700 nm via MMA process according to the images of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy as well as the dynamic light scattering measurements, followed by further crosslinking through photo-dimerization of anthracene. 27145434 3 10 theme anthracene 940:949 arg1 photo-dimerization 918:935 photo-dimerization 918:935 photo-dimerization of anthracene 918:949 The obtained CD-AN amphiphiles can self-assemble in water from primary core-shell micelles to secondary aggregates with the diameter changing from several tens nm to around 600-700 nm via MMA process according to the images of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy as well as the dynamic light scattering measurements, followed by further crosslinking through photo-dimerization of anthracene. 27145434 4 11 theme rigid 1203:1207 arg1 structure 1176:1184 the designed regular structure 1155:1184 the designed regular structure of CD-AN and the rigid ranging of anthracene 1155:1229 What merits special attention is that such photo-crosslinked self-assemblies are able to disaggregate reversibly into primary nanoparticles when changing the solution conditions, which is benefited from the designed regular structure of CD-AN and the rigid ranging of anthracene during assembly, thus confirming the process of MMA. 27145434 1 12 theme spherical 197:205 arg1 micelles 207:214 large spherical micelles 191:214 large spherical micelles 191:214 Multi-micelle aggregation (MMA) mechanism is widely acknowledged to explicate large spherical micelles self-assembly, but the process of MMA during self-assembly is hard to observe. 27145434 3 13 theme electron 740:747 arg1 microscopy 749:758 scanning electron microscopy 731:758 scanning electron microscopy 731:758 The obtained CD-AN amphiphiles can self-assemble in water from primary core-shell micelles to secondary aggregates with the diameter changing from several tens nm to around 600-700 nm via MMA process according to the images of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy as well as the dynamic light scattering measurements, followed by further crosslinking through photo-dimerization of anthracene. 27145434 3 14 theme primary 567:573 arg1 micelles 586:593 primary core-shell micelles 567:593 primary core-shell micelles 567:593 The obtained CD-AN amphiphiles can self-assemble in water from primary core-shell micelles to secondary aggregates with the diameter changing from several tens nm to around 600-700 nm via MMA process according to the images of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy as well as the dynamic light scattering measurements, followed by further crosslinking through photo-dimerization of anthracene. 27145434 4 15 theme anthracene 1220:1229 arg1 rigid 1203:1207 rigid 1203:1207 rigid 1203:1207 What merits special attention is that such photo-crosslinked self-assemblies are able to disaggregate reversibly into primary nanoparticles when changing the solution conditions, which is benefited from the designed regular structure of CD-AN and the rigid ranging of anthracene during assembly, thus confirming the process of MMA. 27145434 2 16 theme click 475:479 arg1 reactions 481:489 Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne click reactions 446:489 Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne click reactions 446:489 Herein, a novel kind of strong, regular microspheres fabricated from self-assembly of amphiphilic anthracene-functionalized β-cyclodextrin (CD-AN) via Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne click reactions is reported. 27145434 3 17 theme microscopy 749:758 arg1 measurements 863:874 the dynamic light scattering measurements 834:874 the dynamic light scattering measurements 834:874 The obtained CD-AN amphiphiles can self-assemble in water from primary core-shell micelles to secondary aggregates with the diameter changing from several tens nm to around 600-700 nm via MMA process according to the images of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy as well as the dynamic light scattering measurements, followed by further crosslinking through photo-dimerization of anthracene. 27145434 3 17 theme microscopy 749:758 arg1 images 721:726 the images 717:726 the images of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy 717:821 The obtained CD-AN amphiphiles can self-assemble in water from primary core-shell micelles to secondary aggregates with the diameter changing from several tens nm to around 600-700 nm via MMA process according to the images of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy as well as the dynamic light scattering measurements, followed by further crosslinking through photo-dimerization of anthracene. 27145434 4 18 theme MMA 1279:1281 arg1 process 1268:1274 the process 1264:1274 the process of MMA 1264:1281 What merits special attention is that such photo-crosslinked self-assemblies are able to disaggregate reversibly into primary nanoparticles when changing the solution conditions, which is benefited from the designed regular structure of CD-AN and the rigid ranging of anthracene during assembly, thus confirming the process of MMA. 27145434 1 19 theme Multi-micelle 113:125 arg1 aggregation 127:137 Multi-micelle aggregation 113:137 Multi-micelle aggregation (MMA) mechanism 113:153 Multi-micelle aggregation (MMA) mechanism is widely acknowledged to explicate large spherical micelles self-assembly, but the process of MMA during self-assembly is hard to observe. 27145434 1 19 theme Multi-micelle 113:125 arg1 MMA 140:142 MMA 140:142 MMA 140:142 Multi-micelle aggregation (MMA) mechanism is widely acknowledged to explicate large spherical micelles self-assembly, but the process of MMA during self-assembly is hard to observe. 27145434 2 20 theme azide-alkyne 462:473 arg1 reactions 481:489 Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne click reactions 446:489 Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne click reactions 446:489 Herein, a novel kind of strong, regular microspheres fabricated from self-assembly of amphiphilic anthracene-functionalized β-cyclodextrin (CD-AN) via Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne click reactions is reported. 27145434 2 21 theme strong 319:324 arg1 microspheres 335:346 strong, regular microspheres 319:346 strong, regular microspheres fabricated from self-assembly of amphiphilic anthracene-functionalized β-cyclodextrin (CD-AN) via Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne click reactions 319:489 Herein, a novel kind of strong, regular microspheres fabricated from self-assembly of amphiphilic anthracene-functionalized β-cyclodextrin (CD-AN) via Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne click reactions is reported. 27145434 4 22 theme CD-AN 1189:1193 arg1 structure 1176:1184 the designed regular structure 1155:1184 the designed regular structure of CD-AN and the rigid ranging of anthracene 1155:1229 What merits special attention is that such photo-crosslinked self-assemblies are able to disaggregate reversibly into primary nanoparticles when changing the solution conditions, which is benefited from the designed regular structure of CD-AN and the rigid ranging of anthracene during assembly, thus confirming the process of MMA. 27145434 2 23 theme β-cyclodextrin 419:432 arg1 self-assembly 364:376 self-assembly 364:376 self-assembly of amphiphilic anthracene-functionalized β-cyclodextrin (CD-AN) 364:440 Herein, a novel kind of strong, regular microspheres fabricated from self-assembly of amphiphilic anthracene-functionalized β-cyclodextrin (CD-AN) via Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne click reactions is reported. 27145434 0 24 theme Anthracene-Functionalized 29:53 arg1 CD-AN 71:75 CD-AN 71:75 CD-AN 71:75 Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Anthracene-Functionalized β-Cyclodextrin (CD-AN) through Multi-Micelle Aggregation. 27145434 0 24 theme Anthracene-Functionalized 29:53 arg1 β-Cyclodextrin 55:68 Amphiphilic Anthracene-Functionalized β-Cyclodextrin 17:68 Amphiphilic Anthracene-Functionalized β-Cyclodextrin (CD-AN) 17:76 Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Anthracene-Functionalized β-Cyclodextrin (CD-AN) through Multi-Micelle Aggregation. 27145434 1 25 theme aggregation 127:137 arg1 mechanism 145:153 Multi-micelle aggregation (MMA) mechanism 113:153 Multi-micelle aggregation (MMA) mechanism 113:153 Multi-micelle aggregation (MMA) mechanism is widely acknowledged to explicate large spherical micelles self-assembly, but the process of MMA during self-assembly is hard to observe. 27145434 3 26 theme electron 774:781 arg1 microscopy 783:792 transmission electron microscopy 761:792 transmission electron microscopy 761:792 The obtained CD-AN amphiphiles can self-assemble in water from primary core-shell micelles to secondary aggregates with the diameter changing from several tens nm to around 600-700 nm via MMA process according to the images of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy as well as the dynamic light scattering measurements, followed by further crosslinking through photo-dimerization of anthracene. 27145434 3 27 theme secondary 598:606 arg1 aggregates 608:617 secondary aggregates 598:617 secondary aggregates with the diameter changing from several tens nm to around 600-700 nm via MMA process according to the images of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy as well as the dynamic light scattering measurements 598:874 The obtained CD-AN amphiphiles can self-assemble in water from primary core-shell micelles to secondary aggregates with the diameter changing from several tens nm to around 600-700 nm via MMA process according to the images of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy as well as the dynamic light scattering measurements, followed by further crosslinking through photo-dimerization of anthracene. 27145434 3 28 theme microscopy 783:792 arg1 measurements 863:874 the dynamic light scattering measurements 834:874 the dynamic light scattering measurements 834:874 The obtained CD-AN amphiphiles can self-assemble in water from primary core-shell micelles to secondary aggregates with the diameter changing from several tens nm to around 600-700 nm via MMA process according to the images of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy as well as the dynamic light scattering measurements, followed by further crosslinking through photo-dimerization of anthracene. 27145434 3 28 theme microscopy 783:792 arg1 images 721:726 the images 717:726 the images of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy 717:821 The obtained CD-AN amphiphiles can self-assemble in water from primary core-shell micelles to secondary aggregates with the diameter changing from several tens nm to around 600-700 nm via MMA process according to the images of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy as well as the dynamic light scattering measurements, followed by further crosslinking through photo-dimerization of anthracene. 27145434 4 29 theme such 990:993 arg1 self-assemblies 1013:1027 such photo-crosslinked self-assemblies 990:1027 such photo-crosslinked self-assemblies 990:1027 What merits special attention is that such photo-crosslinked self-assemblies are able to disaggregate reversibly into primary nanoparticles when changing the solution conditions, which is benefited from the designed regular structure of CD-AN and the rigid ranging of anthracene during assembly, thus confirming the process of MMA. 27145434 4 30 theme regular 1168:1174 arg1 structure 1176:1184 the designed regular structure 1155:1184 the designed regular structure of CD-AN and the rigid ranging of anthracene 1155:1229 What merits special attention is that such photo-crosslinked self-assemblies are able to disaggregate reversibly into primary nanoparticles when changing the solution conditions, which is benefited from the designed regular structure of CD-AN and the rigid ranging of anthracene during assembly, thus confirming the process of MMA. 27145434 0 31 theme β-Cyclodextrin 55:68 arg1 Self-Assembly 0:12 Self-Assembly 0:12 Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Anthracene-Functionalized β-Cyclodextrin (CD-AN) through Multi-Micelle Aggregation. 0:111 Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Anthracene-Functionalized β-Cyclodextrin (CD-AN) through Multi-Micelle Aggregation. 27145434 3 32 theme microscopy 812:821 arg1 measurements 863:874 the dynamic light scattering measurements 834:874 the dynamic light scattering measurements 834:874 The obtained CD-AN amphiphiles can self-assemble in water from primary core-shell micelles to secondary aggregates with the diameter changing from several tens nm to around 600-700 nm via MMA process according to the images of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy as well as the dynamic light scattering measurements, followed by further crosslinking through photo-dimerization of anthracene. 27145434 3 32 theme microscopy 812:821 arg1 images 721:726 the images 717:726 the images of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy 717:821 The obtained CD-AN amphiphiles can self-assemble in water from primary core-shell micelles to secondary aggregates with the diameter changing from several tens nm to around 600-700 nm via MMA process according to the images of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy as well as the dynamic light scattering measurements, followed by further crosslinking through photo-dimerization of anthracene. 27145434 4 33 theme primary 1070:1076 arg1 nanoparticles 1078:1090 primary nanoparticles 1070:1090 primary nanoparticles 1070:1090 What merits special attention is that such photo-crosslinked self-assemblies are able to disaggregate reversibly into primary nanoparticles when changing the solution conditions, which is benefited from the designed regular structure of CD-AN and the rigid ranging of anthracene during assembly, thus confirming the process of MMA. 27145434 2 34 theme -catalyzed 451:460 arg1 reactions 481:489 Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne click reactions 446:489 Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne click reactions 446:489 Herein, a novel kind of strong, regular microspheres fabricated from self-assembly of amphiphilic anthracene-functionalized β-cyclodextrin (CD-AN) via Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne click reactions is reported. 27145434 3 35 theme CD-AN 517:521 arg1 amphiphiles 523:533 The obtained CD-AN amphiphiles 504:533 The obtained CD-AN amphiphiles 504:533 The obtained CD-AN amphiphiles can self-assemble in water from primary core-shell micelles to secondary aggregates with the diameter changing from several tens nm to around 600-700 nm via MMA process according to the images of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy as well as the dynamic light scattering measurements, followed by further crosslinking through photo-dimerization of anthracene. 27145434 3 36 theme atomic 799:804 arg1 microscopy 812:821 atomic force microscopy 799:821 atomic force microscopy 799:821 The obtained CD-AN amphiphiles can self-assemble in water from primary core-shell micelles to secondary aggregates with the diameter changing from several tens nm to around 600-700 nm via MMA process according to the images of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy as well as the dynamic light scattering measurements, followed by further crosslinking through photo-dimerization of anthracene. 27145434 3 37 dep self-assemble 539:551 arg1 followed 877:884 followed 877:884 followed by further crosslinking through photo-dimerization of anthracene 877:949 The obtained CD-AN amphiphiles can self-assemble in water from primary core-shell micelles to secondary aggregates with the diameter changing from several tens nm to around 600-700 nm via MMA process according to the images of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy as well as the dynamic light scattering measurements, followed by further crosslinking through photo-dimerization of anthracene. 27145434 3 38 theme further 889:895 arg1 crosslinking 897:908 further crosslinking 889:908 further crosslinking through photo-dimerization of anthracene 889:949 The obtained CD-AN amphiphiles can self-assemble in water from primary core-shell micelles to secondary aggregates with the diameter changing from several tens nm to around 600-700 nm via MMA process according to the images of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy as well as the dynamic light scattering measurements, followed by further crosslinking through photo-dimerization of anthracene. 27145434 3 39 theme force 806:810 arg1 microscopy 812:821 atomic force microscopy 799:821 atomic force microscopy 799:821 The obtained CD-AN amphiphiles can self-assemble in water from primary core-shell micelles to secondary aggregates with the diameter changing from several tens nm to around 600-700 nm via MMA process according to the images of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy as well as the dynamic light scattering measurements, followed by further crosslinking through photo-dimerization of anthracene. 27145434 4 40 theme special 964:970 arg1 attention 972:980 special attention 964:980 special attention 964:980 What merits special attention is that such photo-crosslinked self-assemblies are able to disaggregate reversibly into primary nanoparticles when changing the solution conditions, which is benefited from the designed regular structure of CD-AN and the rigid ranging of anthracene during assembly, thus confirming the process of MMA. 27145434 2 41 theme microspheres 335:346 arg1 kind 311:314 a novel kind 303:314 a novel kind of strong, regular microspheres fabricated from self-assembly of amphiphilic anthracene-functionalized β-cyclodextrin (CD-AN) via Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne click reactions 303:489 Herein, a novel kind of strong, regular microspheres fabricated from self-assembly of amphiphilic anthracene-functionalized β-cyclodextrin (CD-AN) via Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne click reactions is reported. 27145434 4 42 theme designed 1159:1166 arg1 structure 1176:1184 the designed regular structure 1155:1184 the designed regular structure of CD-AN and the rigid ranging of anthracene 1155:1229 What merits special attention is that such photo-crosslinked self-assemblies are able to disaggregate reversibly into primary nanoparticles when changing the solution conditions, which is benefited from the designed regular structure of CD-AN and the rigid ranging of anthracene during assembly, thus confirming the process of MMA. 27145434 1 43 theme MMA 250:252 arg1 process 239:245 the process 235:245 the process of MMA during self-assembly 235:273 Multi-micelle aggregation (MMA) mechanism is widely acknowledged to explicate large spherical micelles self-assembly, but the process of MMA during self-assembly is hard to observe. 27145434 4 44 link photo-crosslinked 995:1011 arg1 self-assemblies 1013:1027 such photo-crosslinked self-assemblies 990:1027 such photo-crosslinked self-assemblies 990:1027 What merits special attention is that such photo-crosslinked self-assemblies are able to disaggregate reversibly into primary nanoparticles when changing the solution conditions, which is benefited from the designed regular structure of CD-AN and the rigid ranging of anthracene during assembly, thus confirming the process of MMA. 27145434 3 45 theme MMA 692:694 arg1 process 696:702 MMA process 692:702 MMA process 692:702 The obtained CD-AN amphiphiles can self-assemble in water from primary core-shell micelles to secondary aggregates with the diameter changing from several tens nm to around 600-700 nm via MMA process according to the images of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy as well as the dynamic light scattering measurements, followed by further crosslinking through photo-dimerization of anthracene. 27145434 3 46 theme core-shell 575:584 arg1 micelles 586:593 primary core-shell micelles 567:593 primary core-shell micelles 567:593 The obtained CD-AN amphiphiles can self-assemble in water from primary core-shell micelles to secondary aggregates with the diameter changing from several tens nm to around 600-700 nm via MMA process according to the images of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy as well as the dynamic light scattering measurements, followed by further crosslinking through photo-dimerization of anthracene. 27145434 3 47 with aggregates 608:617 arg1 diameter 628:635 the diameter 624:635 the diameter changing from several tens nm to around 600-700 nm via MMA process according to the images of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy as well as the dynamic light scattering measurements 624:874 The obtained CD-AN amphiphiles can self-assemble in water from primary core-shell micelles to secondary aggregates with the diameter changing from several tens nm to around 600-700 nm via MMA process according to the images of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy as well as the dynamic light scattering measurements, followed by further crosslinking through photo-dimerization of anthracene. 27145434 2 48 dep strong 319:324 arg1 regular 327:333 regular 327:333 regular 327:333 Herein, a novel kind of strong, regular microspheres fabricated from self-assembly of amphiphilic anthracene-functionalized β-cyclodextrin (CD-AN) via Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne click reactions is reported. 27145434 3 49 theme dynamic 838:844 arg1 measurements 863:874 the dynamic light scattering measurements 834:874 the dynamic light scattering measurements 834:874 The obtained CD-AN amphiphiles can self-assemble in water from primary core-shell micelles to secondary aggregates with the diameter changing from several tens nm to around 600-700 nm via MMA process according to the images of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy as well as the dynamic light scattering measurements, followed by further crosslinking through photo-dimerization of anthracene. 27145434 0 50 theme Multi-Micelle 86:98 arg1 Aggregation 100:110 Multi-Micelle Aggregation 86:110 Multi-Micelle Aggregation 86:110 Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Anthracene-Functionalized β-Cyclodextrin (CD-AN) through Multi-Micelle Aggregation. 27145434 3 51 theme several 651:657 arg1 tens 659:662 several tens 651:662 several tens nm 651:665 The obtained CD-AN amphiphiles can self-assemble in water from primary core-shell micelles to secondary aggregates with the diameter changing from several tens nm to around 600-700 nm via MMA process according to the images of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy as well as the dynamic light scattering measurements, followed by further crosslinking through photo-dimerization of anthracene. 27145434 2 52 theme anthracene-functionalized 393:417 arg1 CD-AN 435:439 CD-AN 435:439 CD-AN 435:439 Herein, a novel kind of strong, regular microspheres fabricated from self-assembly of amphiphilic anthracene-functionalized β-cyclodextrin (CD-AN) via Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne click reactions is reported. 27145434 2 52 theme anthracene-functionalized 393:417 arg1 β-cyclodextrin 419:432 amphiphilic anthracene-functionalized β-cyclodextrin 381:432 amphiphilic anthracene-functionalized β-cyclodextrin (CD-AN) 381:440 Herein, a novel kind of strong, regular microspheres fabricated from self-assembly of amphiphilic anthracene-functionalized β-cyclodextrin (CD-AN) via Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne click reactions is reported. 27145434 3 53 theme obtained 508:515 arg1 amphiphiles 523:533 The obtained CD-AN amphiphiles 504:533 The obtained CD-AN amphiphiles 504:533 The obtained CD-AN amphiphiles can self-assemble in water from primary core-shell micelles to secondary aggregates with the diameter changing from several tens nm to around 600-700 nm via MMA process according to the images of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy as well as the dynamic light scattering measurements, followed by further crosslinking through photo-dimerization of anthracene. 27145434 3 54 theme tens 659:662 arg1 nm 664:665 several tens nm 651:665 several tens nm 651:665 The obtained CD-AN amphiphiles can self-assemble in water from primary core-shell micelles to secondary aggregates with the diameter changing from several tens nm to around 600-700 nm via MMA process according to the images of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy as well as the dynamic light scattering measurements, followed by further crosslinking through photo-dimerization of anthracene. 27145434 2 55 theme amphiphilic 381:391 arg1 CD-AN 435:439 CD-AN 435:439 CD-AN 435:439 Herein, a novel kind of strong, regular microspheres fabricated from self-assembly of amphiphilic anthracene-functionalized β-cyclodextrin (CD-AN) via Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne click reactions is reported. 27145434 2 55 theme amphiphilic 381:391 arg1 β-cyclodextrin 419:432 amphiphilic anthracene-functionalized β-cyclodextrin 381:432 amphiphilic anthracene-functionalized β-cyclodextrin (CD-AN) 381:440 Herein, a novel kind of strong, regular microspheres fabricated from self-assembly of amphiphilic anthracene-functionalized β-cyclodextrin (CD-AN) via Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne click reactions is reported. 24126319 3 0 theme pore 297:300 arg1 distribution 307:318 pore size distribution 297:318 pore size distribution of hydrogel 297:330 The effect of pore size distribution of hydrogel on the drug delivery process has been studied in this work. 24126319 0 1 theme delivery 70:77 arg1 process 79:85 drug delivery process 65:85 drug delivery process 65:85 Gelatin-carrageenan hydrogels: role of pore size distribution on drug delivery process. 24126319 5 2 theme native 561:566 arg1 state 568:572 native state 561:572 native state 561:572 Thermoporometry technique has been used since it offers the measurement to be carried out in native state without drying the sample. 24126319 6 3 theme gelatin-carrageenan 761:779 arg1 hydrogel 781:788 gelatin-carrageenan hydrogel 761:788 gelatin-carrageenan hydrogel 761:788 Release of quercetin (Q,3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavone), a member of the flavonoids family, which exerts many beneficial health effects has been studied using gelatin-carrageenan hydrogel. 24126319 3 4 theme drug 339:342 arg1 process 353:359 the drug delivery process 335:359 the drug delivery process 335:359 The effect of pore size distribution of hydrogel on the drug delivery process has been studied in this work. 24126319 7 5 theme composite 913:921 arg1 hydrogels 923:931 the composite hydrogels 909:931 the composite hydrogels 909:931 The addition of gelatin to carrageenan is found to improve the thermal stability of the gelatin-carrageenan fibers in the composite hydrogels. 24126319 2 6 theme pore 269:272 arg1 network 274:280 their pore network 263:280 their pore network 263:280 The physical properties of these hydrogels are derived from their pore network. 24126319 3 7 theme hydrogel 323:330 arg1 distribution 307:318 pore size distribution 297:318 pore size distribution of hydrogel 297:330 The effect of pore size distribution of hydrogel on the drug delivery process has been studied in this work. 24126319 8 8 theme drug 947:950 arg1 studies 960:966 The in vitro drug release studies 934:966 The in vitro drug release studies 934:966 The in vitro drug release studies have shown that an increase in porosity results in the improved drug release. 24126319 5 9 theme Thermoporometry 468:482 arg1 technique 484:492 Thermoporometry technique 468:492 Thermoporometry technique 468:492 Thermoporometry technique has been used since it offers the measurement to be carried out in native state without drying the sample. 24126319 7 10 theme gelatin 807:813 arg1 addition 795:802 The addition 791:802 The addition of gelatin to carrageenan 791:828 The addition of gelatin to carrageenan is found to improve the thermal stability of the gelatin-carrageenan fibers in the composite hydrogels. 24126319 3 11 theme size 302:305 arg1 distribution 307:318 pore size distribution 297:318 pore size distribution of hydrogel 297:330 The effect of pore size distribution of hydrogel on the drug delivery process has been studied in this work. 24126319 8 12 theme improved 1023:1030 arg1 release 1037:1043 the improved drug release 1019:1043 the improved drug release 1019:1043 The in vitro drug release studies have shown that an increase in porosity results in the improved drug release. 24126319 0 13 theme drug 65:68 arg1 process 79:85 drug delivery process 65:85 drug delivery process 65:85 Gelatin-carrageenan hydrogels: role of pore size distribution on drug delivery process. 24126319 0 14 theme Gelatin-carrageenan 0:18 arg1 hydrogels 20:28 Gelatin-carrageenan hydrogels 0:28 Gelatin-carrageenan hydrogels: role of pore size distribution on drug delivery process. 0:86 Gelatin-carrageenan hydrogels: role of pore size distribution on drug delivery process. 24126319 7 15 theme gelatin-carrageenan 879:897 arg1 fibers 899:904 the gelatin-carrageenan fibers 875:904 the gelatin-carrageenan fibers 875:904 The addition of gelatin to carrageenan is found to improve the thermal stability of the gelatin-carrageenan fibers in the composite hydrogels. 24126319 7 16 theme thermal 854:860 arg1 stability 862:870 the thermal stability 850:870 the thermal stability of the gelatin-carrageenan fibers in the composite hydrogels 850:931 The addition of gelatin to carrageenan is found to improve the thermal stability of the gelatin-carrageenan fibers in the composite hydrogels. 24126319 1 17 theme good 174:177 arg1 carrageenan 142:152 carrageenan 142:152 carrageenan 142:152 Naturally occurring biomaterials, such as gelatin and carrageenan are known to act as good drug delivering agents. 24126319 1 17 theme good 174:177 arg1 gelatin 130:136 gelatin 130:136 gelatin 130:136 Naturally occurring biomaterials, such as gelatin and carrageenan are known to act as good drug delivering agents. 24126319 1 17 theme good 174:177 arg1 agents 195:200 good drug delivering agents 174:200 good drug delivering agents 174:200 Naturally occurring biomaterials, such as gelatin and carrageenan are known to act as good drug delivering agents. 24126319 1 17 theme good 174:177 arg1 biomaterials 108:119 Naturally occurring biomaterials 88:119 Naturally occurring biomaterials 88:119 Naturally occurring biomaterials, such as gelatin and carrageenan are known to act as good drug delivering agents. 24126319 3 18 theme delivery 344:351 arg1 process 353:359 the drug delivery process 335:359 the drug delivery process 335:359 The effect of pore size distribution of hydrogel on the drug delivery process has been studied in this work. 24126319 0 19 dep hydrogels 20:28 arg1 role 31:34 role 31:34 Gelatin-carrageenan hydrogels: role of pore size distribution on drug delivery process. 0:86 Gelatin-carrageenan hydrogels: role of pore size distribution on drug delivery process. 24126319 6 20 theme health 723:728 arg1 effects 730:736 many beneficial health effects 707:736 many beneficial health effects 707:736 Release of quercetin (Q,3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavone), a member of the flavonoids family, which exerts many beneficial health effects has been studied using gelatin-carrageenan hydrogel. 24126319 1 21 theme occurring 98:106 arg1 carrageenan 142:152 carrageenan 142:152 carrageenan 142:152 Naturally occurring biomaterials, such as gelatin and carrageenan are known to act as good drug delivering agents. 24126319 1 21 theme occurring 98:106 arg1 gelatin 130:136 gelatin 130:136 gelatin 130:136 Naturally occurring biomaterials, such as gelatin and carrageenan are known to act as good drug delivering agents. 24126319 1 21 theme occurring 98:106 arg1 agents 195:200 good drug delivering agents 174:200 good drug delivering agents 174:200 Naturally occurring biomaterials, such as gelatin and carrageenan are known to act as good drug delivering agents. 24126319 1 21 theme occurring 98:106 arg1 biomaterials 108:119 Naturally occurring biomaterials 88:119 Naturally occurring biomaterials 88:119 Naturally occurring biomaterials, such as gelatin and carrageenan are known to act as good drug delivering agents. 24126319 1 22 theme drug 179:182 arg1 carrageenan 142:152 carrageenan 142:152 carrageenan 142:152 Naturally occurring biomaterials, such as gelatin and carrageenan are known to act as good drug delivering agents. 24126319 1 22 theme drug 179:182 arg1 gelatin 130:136 gelatin 130:136 gelatin 130:136 Naturally occurring biomaterials, such as gelatin and carrageenan are known to act as good drug delivering agents. 24126319 1 22 theme drug 179:182 arg1 agents 195:200 good drug delivering agents 174:200 good drug delivering agents 174:200 Naturally occurring biomaterials, such as gelatin and carrageenan are known to act as good drug delivering agents. 24126319 1 22 theme drug 179:182 arg1 biomaterials 108:119 Naturally occurring biomaterials 88:119 Naturally occurring biomaterials 88:119 Naturally occurring biomaterials, such as gelatin and carrageenan are known to act as good drug delivering agents. 24126319 7 23 from stability 862:870 arg1 hydrogels 923:931 the composite hydrogels 909:931 the composite hydrogels 909:931 The addition of gelatin to carrageenan is found to improve the thermal stability of the gelatin-carrageenan fibers in the composite hydrogels. 24126319 8 24 from increase 987:994 arg1 porosity 999:1006 porosity 999:1006 porosity 999:1006 The in vitro drug release studies have shown that an increase in porosity results in the improved drug release. 24126319 8 25 theme drug 1032:1035 arg1 release 1037:1043 the improved drug release 1019:1043 the improved drug release 1019:1043 The in vitro drug release studies have shown that an increase in porosity results in the improved drug release. 24126319 9 26 theme size 1065:1068 arg1 distribution 1070:1081 pore size distribution 1060:1081 pore size distribution 1060:1081 The tuning of pore size distribution for drug delivery applications using thermoporometry is feasible. 24126319 9 27 theme pore 1060:1063 arg1 distribution 1070:1081 pore size distribution 1060:1081 pore size distribution 1060:1081 The tuning of pore size distribution for drug delivery applications using thermoporometry is feasible. 24126319 1 28 theme delivering 184:193 arg1 carrageenan 142:152 carrageenan 142:152 carrageenan 142:152 Naturally occurring biomaterials, such as gelatin and carrageenan are known to act as good drug delivering agents. 24126319 1 28 theme delivering 184:193 arg1 gelatin 130:136 gelatin 130:136 gelatin 130:136 Naturally occurring biomaterials, such as gelatin and carrageenan are known to act as good drug delivering agents. 24126319 1 28 theme delivering 184:193 arg1 agents 195:200 good drug delivering agents 174:200 good drug delivering agents 174:200 Naturally occurring biomaterials, such as gelatin and carrageenan are known to act as good drug delivering agents. 24126319 1 28 theme delivering 184:193 arg1 biomaterials 108:119 Naturally occurring biomaterials 88:119 Naturally occurring biomaterials 88:119 Naturally occurring biomaterials, such as gelatin and carrageenan are known to act as good drug delivering agents. 24126319 0 29 theme pore 39:42 arg1 distribution 49:60 pore size distribution 39:60 pore size distribution 39:60 Gelatin-carrageenan hydrogels: role of pore size distribution on drug delivery process. 24126319 8 30 dep in 938:939 arg1 vitro 941:945 vitro 941:945 vitro 941:945 The in vitro drug release studies have shown that an increase in porosity results in the improved drug release. 24126319 8 31 theme release 952:958 arg1 studies 960:966 The in vitro drug release studies 934:966 The in vitro drug release studies 934:966 The in vitro drug release studies have shown that an increase in porosity results in the improved drug release. 24126319 6 32 theme beneficial 712:721 arg1 effects 730:736 many beneficial health effects 707:736 many beneficial health effects 707:736 Release of quercetin (Q,3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavone), a member of the flavonoids family, which exerts many beneficial health effects has been studied using gelatin-carrageenan hydrogel. 24126319 0 33 theme distribution 49:60 arg1 role 31:34 role 31:34 Gelatin-carrageenan hydrogels: role of pore size distribution on drug delivery process. 0:86 Gelatin-carrageenan hydrogels: role of pore size distribution on drug delivery process. 24126319 2 34 theme physical 207:214 arg1 properties 216:225 The physical properties 203:225 The physical properties of these hydrogels 203:244 The physical properties of these hydrogels are derived from their pore network. 24126319 6 35 theme many 707:710 arg1 effects 730:736 many beneficial health effects 707:736 many beneficial health effects 707:736 Release of quercetin (Q,3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavone), a member of the flavonoids family, which exerts many beneficial health effects has been studied using gelatin-carrageenan hydrogel. 24126319 0 36 theme size 44:47 arg1 distribution 49:60 pore size distribution 39:60 pore size distribution 39:60 Gelatin-carrageenan hydrogels: role of pore size distribution on drug delivery process. 24126319 4 37 theme Gelatin-carrageenan 392:410 arg1 hydrogel 412:419 Gelatin-carrageenan hydrogel 392:419 Gelatin-carrageenan hydrogel 392:419 Gelatin-carrageenan hydrogel has been characterized using DSC, TGA and SEM. 24126319 9 38 theme drug 1087:1090 arg1 applications 1101:1112 drug delivery applications 1087:1112 drug delivery applications using thermoporometry 1087:1134 The tuning of pore size distribution for drug delivery applications using thermoporometry is feasible. 24126319 6 39 theme quercetin 612:620 arg1 Release 601:607 Release 601:607 Release of quercetin (Q,3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavone), a member of the flavonoids family, which exerts many beneficial health effects 601:736 Release of quercetin (Q,3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavone), a member of the flavonoids family, which exerts many beneficial health effects has been studied using gelatin-carrageenan hydrogel. 24126319 7 40 theme fibers 899:904 arg1 stability 862:870 the thermal stability 850:870 the thermal stability of the gelatin-carrageenan fibers in the composite hydrogels 850:931 The addition of gelatin to carrageenan is found to improve the thermal stability of the gelatin-carrageenan fibers in the composite hydrogels. 24126319 8 41 theme in 938:939 arg1 studies 960:966 The in vitro drug release studies 934:966 The in vitro drug release studies 934:966 The in vitro drug release studies have shown that an increase in porosity results in the improved drug release. 24126319 9 42 theme delivery 1092:1099 arg1 applications 1101:1112 drug delivery applications 1087:1112 drug delivery applications using thermoporometry 1087:1134 The tuning of pore size distribution for drug delivery applications using thermoporometry is feasible. 24126319 9 43 theme distribution 1070:1081 arg1 feasible 1139:1146 feasible 1139:1146 feasible 1139:1146 The tuning of pore size distribution for drug delivery applications using thermoporometry is feasible. 24126319 9 43 theme distribution 1070:1081 arg1 tuning 1050:1055 The tuning 1046:1055 The tuning of pore size distribution for drug delivery applications using thermoporometry 1046:1134 The tuning of pore size distribution for drug delivery applications using thermoporometry is feasible. 24126319 6 44 dep quercetin 612:620 arg1 4'-pentahydroxyflavone 634:655 4'-pentahydroxyflavone 634:655 4'-pentahydroxyflavone 634:655 Release of quercetin (Q,3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavone), a member of the flavonoids family, which exerts many beneficial health effects has been studied using gelatin-carrageenan hydrogel. 24126319 6 44 dep quercetin 612:620 arg1 Q,3,5,7,3 623:631 Q,3,5,7,3' 623:632 Q,3,5,7,3' 623:632 Release of quercetin (Q,3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavone), a member of the flavonoids family, which exerts many beneficial health effects has been studied using gelatin-carrageenan hydrogel. 24126319 5 45 used used 503:506 arg2 technique 484:492 Thermoporometry technique 468:492 Thermoporometry technique 468:492 Thermoporometry technique has been used since it offers the measurement to be carried out in native state without drying the sample. 24126319 2 46 attach derived 250:256 arg1 network 274:280 their pore network 263:280 their pore network 263:280 The physical properties of these hydrogels are derived from their pore network. 24126319 2 46 attach derived 250:256 arg2 properties 216:225 The physical properties 203:225 The physical properties of these hydrogels 203:244 The physical properties of these hydrogels are derived from their pore network. 24126319 3 47 theme distribution 307:318 arg1 effect 287:292 The effect 283:292 The effect of pore size distribution of hydrogel on the drug delivery process 283:359 The effect of pore size distribution of hydrogel on the drug delivery process has been studied in this work. 24126319 2 48 theme hydrogels 236:244 arg1 properties 216:225 The physical properties 203:225 The physical properties of these hydrogels 203:244 The physical properties of these hydrogels are derived from their pore network. 24126319 6 49 theme family 686:691 arg1 quercetin 612:620 quercetin 612:620 quercetin (Q,3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavone) 612:656 Release of quercetin (Q,3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavone), a member of the flavonoids family, which exerts many beneficial health effects has been studied using gelatin-carrageenan hydrogel. 24126319 6 49 theme family 686:691 arg1 member 661:666 a member 659:666 a member of the flavonoids family, which exerts many beneficial health effects 659:736 Release of quercetin (Q,3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavone), a member of the flavonoids family, which exerts many beneficial health effects has been studied using gelatin-carrageenan hydrogel. 24126319 3 50 from effect 287:292 arg1 process 353:359 the drug delivery process 335:359 the drug delivery process 335:359 The effect of pore size distribution of hydrogel on the drug delivery process has been studied in this work. 24126319 0 51 from role 31:34 arg1 process 79:85 drug delivery process 65:85 drug delivery process 65:85 Gelatin-carrageenan hydrogels: role of pore size distribution on drug delivery process. 24126319 6 52 theme flavonoids 675:684 arg1 family 686:691 the flavonoids family 671:691 the flavonoids family 671:691 Release of quercetin (Q,3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavone), a member of the flavonoids family, which exerts many beneficial health effects has been studied using gelatin-carrageenan hydrogel. 25660093 11 0 theme chitosan-hyaluronic 1386:1404 arg1 sponges 1444:1450 the prepared chitosan-hyaluronic acid/VEGF loaded nanofibrin composite sponges 1373:1450 the prepared chitosan-hyaluronic acid/VEGF loaded nanofibrin composite sponges (CHVFS) 1373:1458 The results suggest that the prepared chitosan-hyaluronic acid/VEGF loaded nanofibrin composite sponges (CHVFS) have potential to induce angiogenesis in wound healing. 25660093 11 0 theme chitosan-hyaluronic 1386:1404 arg1 CHVFS 1453:1457 CHVFS 1453:1457 CHVFS 1453:1457 The results suggest that the prepared chitosan-hyaluronic acid/VEGF loaded nanofibrin composite sponges (CHVFS) have potential to induce angiogenesis in wound healing. 25660093 7 1 from sponges 960:966 arg1 Release 925:931 Release 925:931 Release of VEGF from the composite sponges 925:966 Release of VEGF from the composite sponges was evaluated using ELISA kit. 25660093 2 2 theme healing 388:394 arg1 angiogenesis 396:407 wound healing angiogenesis 382:407 wound healing angiogenesis 382:407 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most potent angiogenic growth factor which stimulates multiple phases of wound healing angiogenesis and thereby accelerates healing. 25660093 4 3 theme fibrin 629:634 arg1 nanoparticles 636:648 VEGF loaded fibrin nanoparticles 617:648 VEGF loaded fibrin nanoparticles (150-180 nm) 617:661 VEGF loaded fibrin nanoparticles (150-180 nm) were prepared and characterized which were then incorporated to the composite sponge. 25660093 4 3 theme fibrin 629:634 arg1 nm 659:660 150-180 nm 651:660 150-180 nm 651:660 VEGF loaded fibrin nanoparticles (150-180 nm) were prepared and characterized which were then incorporated to the composite sponge. 25660093 10 4 theme control 1331:1337 arg1 sponges 1339:1345 control sponges 1331:1345 control sponges 1331:1345 HUVECs seeded on VEGF containing sponges showed capillary like tube formation which was absent in control sponges. 25660093 6 5 theme haemostatic 869:879 arg1 potential 881:889 haemostatic potential 869:889 haemostatic potential 869:889 Porosity, swelling, biodegradation, mechanical properties and haemostatic potential of the sponges were also studied. 25660093 1 6 theme contributory 190:201 arg1 factors 203:209 contributory factors 190:209 contributory factors for impaired wound healing in diabetic patients 190:257 Reduced levels of endogenous growth factors and diminished angiogenesis are contributory factors for impaired wound healing in diabetic patients. 25660093 1 6 theme contributory 190:201 arg1 levels 122:127 Reduced levels 114:127 Reduced levels of endogenous growth factors and diminished angiogenesis 114:184 Reduced levels of endogenous growth factors and diminished angiogenesis are contributory factors for impaired wound healing in diabetic patients. 25660093 9 7 theme attachment 1079:1088 arg1 studies 1090:1096 attachment studies 1079:1096 attachment studies 1079:1096 Cell viability and attachment studies of the composite sponges were evaluated using human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). 25660093 4 8 theme loaded 622:627 arg1 nanoparticles 636:648 VEGF loaded fibrin nanoparticles 617:648 VEGF loaded fibrin nanoparticles (150-180 nm) 617:661 VEGF loaded fibrin nanoparticles (150-180 nm) were prepared and characterized which were then incorporated to the composite sponge. 25660093 4 8 theme loaded 622:627 arg1 nm 659:660 150-180 nm 651:660 150-180 nm 651:660 VEGF loaded fibrin nanoparticles (150-180 nm) were prepared and characterized which were then incorporated to the composite sponge. 25660093 2 9 theme wound 382:386 arg1 healing 388:394 wound healing 382:394 wound healing angiogenesis 382:407 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most potent angiogenic growth factor which stimulates multiple phases of wound healing angiogenesis and thereby accelerates healing. 25660093 9 10 theme vein 1200:1203 arg1 HUVECs 1224:1229 HUVECs 1224:1229 HUVECs 1224:1229 Cell viability and attachment studies of the composite sponges were evaluated using human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). 25660093 9 10 theme vein 1200:1203 arg1 cells 1217:1221 human umbilical vein endothelial cells 1184:1221 human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) 1184:1230 Cell viability and attachment studies of the composite sponges were evaluated using human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). 25660093 2 11 theme potent 314:319 arg1 factor 339:344 the most potent angiogenic growth factor 305:344 the most potent angiogenic growth factor which stimulates multiple phases of wound healing angiogenesis and thereby accelerates healing 305:439 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most potent angiogenic growth factor which stimulates multiple phases of wound healing angiogenesis and thereby accelerates healing. 25660093 2 11 theme potent 314:319 arg1 factor 288:293 Vascular endothelial growth factor 260:293 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 260:300 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most potent angiogenic growth factor which stimulates multiple phases of wound healing angiogenesis and thereby accelerates healing. 25660093 9 12 theme human 1184:1188 arg1 HUVECs 1224:1229 HUVECs 1224:1229 HUVECs 1224:1229 Cell viability and attachment studies of the composite sponges were evaluated using human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). 25660093 9 12 theme human 1184:1188 arg1 cells 1217:1221 human umbilical vein endothelial cells 1184:1221 human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) 1184:1230 Cell viability and attachment studies of the composite sponges were evaluated using human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). 25660093 11 13 contain have 1460:1463 arg1 sponges 1444:1450 the prepared chitosan-hyaluronic acid/VEGF loaded nanofibrin composite sponges 1373:1450 the prepared chitosan-hyaluronic acid/VEGF loaded nanofibrin composite sponges (CHVFS) 1373:1458 The results suggest that the prepared chitosan-hyaluronic acid/VEGF loaded nanofibrin composite sponges (CHVFS) have potential to induce angiogenesis in wound healing. 25660093 11 13 contain have 1460:1463 arg1 CHVFS 1453:1457 CHVFS 1453:1457 CHVFS 1453:1457 The results suggest that the prepared chitosan-hyaluronic acid/VEGF loaded nanofibrin composite sponges (CHVFS) have potential to induce angiogenesis in wound healing. 25660093 11 13 contain have 1460:1463 arg2 potential 1465:1473 potential 1465:1473 potential 1465:1473 The results suggest that the prepared chitosan-hyaluronic acid/VEGF loaded nanofibrin composite sponges (CHVFS) have potential to induce angiogenesis in wound healing. 25660093 8 14 theme loaded 1020:1025 arg1 VEGF 1027:1030 the loaded VEGF 1016:1030 the loaded VEGF 1016:1030 More than 60% of the loaded VEGF was released in three days. 25660093 11 15 theme composite 1434:1442 arg1 sponges 1444:1450 the prepared chitosan-hyaluronic acid/VEGF loaded nanofibrin composite sponges 1373:1450 the prepared chitosan-hyaluronic acid/VEGF loaded nanofibrin composite sponges (CHVFS) 1373:1458 The results suggest that the prepared chitosan-hyaluronic acid/VEGF loaded nanofibrin composite sponges (CHVFS) have potential to induce angiogenesis in wound healing. 25660093 11 15 theme composite 1434:1442 arg1 CHVFS 1453:1457 CHVFS 1453:1457 CHVFS 1453:1457 The results suggest that the prepared chitosan-hyaluronic acid/VEGF loaded nanofibrin composite sponges (CHVFS) have potential to induce angiogenesis in wound healing. 25660093 3 16 theme fibrin 538:543 arg1 nanoparticles 545:557 fibrin nanoparticles 538:557 fibrin nanoparticles loaded with VEGF as a wound dressing for diabetic wounds 538:614 The aim of this work was to develop chitosan-hyaluronic acid composite sponge incorporated with fibrin nanoparticles loaded with VEGF as a wound dressing for diabetic wounds. 25660093 6 17 theme mechanical 843:852 arg1 properties 854:863 mechanical properties 843:863 mechanical properties 843:863 Porosity, swelling, biodegradation, mechanical properties and haemostatic potential of the sponges were also studied. 25660093 3 18 theme work 458:461 arg1 aim 446:448 The aim 442:448 The aim of this work 442:461 The aim of this work was to develop chitosan-hyaluronic acid composite sponge incorporated with fibrin nanoparticles loaded with VEGF as a wound dressing for diabetic wounds. 25660093 7 19 theme ELISA 988:992 arg1 kit 994:996 ELISA kit 988:996 ELISA kit 988:996 Release of VEGF from the composite sponges was evaluated using ELISA kit. 25660093 3 20 theme wound 581:585 arg1 dressing 587:594 a wound dressing 579:594 a wound dressing for diabetic wounds 579:614 The aim of this work was to develop chitosan-hyaluronic acid composite sponge incorporated with fibrin nanoparticles loaded with VEGF as a wound dressing for diabetic wounds. 25660093 9 21 theme composite 1105:1113 arg1 sponges 1115:1121 the composite sponges 1101:1121 the composite sponges 1101:1121 Cell viability and attachment studies of the composite sponges were evaluated using human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). 25660093 10 22 from sponges 1339:1345 arg1 absent 1321:1326 absent 1321:1326 absent 1321:1326 HUVECs seeded on VEGF containing sponges showed capillary like tube formation which was absent in control sponges. 25660093 11 23 theme acid/VEGF 1406:1414 arg1 sponges 1444:1450 the prepared chitosan-hyaluronic acid/VEGF loaded nanofibrin composite sponges 1373:1450 the prepared chitosan-hyaluronic acid/VEGF loaded nanofibrin composite sponges (CHVFS) 1373:1458 The results suggest that the prepared chitosan-hyaluronic acid/VEGF loaded nanofibrin composite sponges (CHVFS) have potential to induce angiogenesis in wound healing. 25660093 11 23 theme acid/VEGF 1406:1414 arg1 CHVFS 1453:1457 CHVFS 1453:1457 CHVFS 1453:1457 The results suggest that the prepared chitosan-hyaluronic acid/VEGF loaded nanofibrin composite sponges (CHVFS) have potential to induce angiogenesis in wound healing. 25660093 8 24 theme VEGF 1027:1030 arg1 % 1011:1011 More than 60% 999:1011 More than 60% of the loaded VEGF 999:1030 More than 60% of the loaded VEGF was released in three days. 25660093 8 24 theme VEGF 1027:1030 arg1 VEGF 1027:1030 the loaded VEGF 1016:1030 the loaded VEGF 1016:1030 More than 60% of the loaded VEGF was released in three days. 25660093 9 25 theme sponges 1115:1121 arg1 viability 1065:1073 Cell viability 1060:1073 Cell viability 1060:1073 Cell viability and attachment studies of the composite sponges were evaluated using human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). 25660093 9 25 theme sponges 1115:1121 arg1 studies 1090:1096 attachment studies 1079:1096 attachment studies 1079:1096 Cell viability and attachment studies of the composite sponges were evaluated using human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). 25660093 1 26 theme impaired 215:222 arg1 healing 230:236 impaired wound healing 215:236 impaired wound healing in diabetic patients 215:257 Reduced levels of endogenous growth factors and diminished angiogenesis are contributory factors for impaired wound healing in diabetic patients. 25660093 0 27 theme Chitosan-hyaluronic 0:18 arg1 acid/VEGF 20:28 Chitosan-hyaluronic acid/VEGF 0:28 Chitosan-hyaluronic acid/VEGF loaded fibrin 0:42 Chitosan-hyaluronic acid/VEGF loaded fibrin nanoparticles composite sponges for enhancing angiogenesis in wounds. 25660093 1 28 theme Reduced 114:120 arg1 factors 203:209 contributory factors 190:209 contributory factors for impaired wound healing in diabetic patients 190:257 Reduced levels of endogenous growth factors and diminished angiogenesis are contributory factors for impaired wound healing in diabetic patients. 25660093 1 28 theme Reduced 114:120 arg1 levels 122:127 Reduced levels 114:127 Reduced levels of endogenous growth factors and diminished angiogenesis 114:184 Reduced levels of endogenous growth factors and diminished angiogenesis are contributory factors for impaired wound healing in diabetic patients. 25660093 9 29 theme human 1144:1148 arg1 cells 1174:1178 human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells 1144:1178 human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells 1144:1178 Cell viability and attachment studies of the composite sponges were evaluated using human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). 25660093 1 30 theme wound 224:228 arg1 healing 230:236 impaired wound healing 215:236 impaired wound healing in diabetic patients 215:257 Reduced levels of endogenous growth factors and diminished angiogenesis are contributory factors for impaired wound healing in diabetic patients. 25660093 11 31 theme wound 1501:1505 arg1 healing 1507:1513 wound healing 1501:1513 wound healing 1501:1513 The results suggest that the prepared chitosan-hyaluronic acid/VEGF loaded nanofibrin composite sponges (CHVFS) have potential to induce angiogenesis in wound healing. 25660093 2 32 theme growth 332:337 arg1 factor 339:344 the most potent angiogenic growth factor 305:344 the most potent angiogenic growth factor which stimulates multiple phases of wound healing angiogenesis and thereby accelerates healing 305:439 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most potent angiogenic growth factor which stimulates multiple phases of wound healing angiogenesis and thereby accelerates healing. 25660093 2 32 theme growth 332:337 arg1 factor 288:293 Vascular endothelial growth factor 260:293 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 260:300 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most potent angiogenic growth factor which stimulates multiple phases of wound healing angiogenesis and thereby accelerates healing. 25660093 9 33 theme umbilical 1190:1198 arg1 HUVECs 1224:1229 HUVECs 1224:1229 HUVECs 1224:1229 Cell viability and attachment studies of the composite sponges were evaluated using human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). 25660093 9 33 theme umbilical 1190:1198 arg1 cells 1217:1221 human umbilical vein endothelial cells 1184:1221 human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) 1184:1230 Cell viability and attachment studies of the composite sponges were evaluated using human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). 25660093 3 34 theme composite 503:511 arg1 sponge 513:518 chitosan-hyaluronic acid composite sponge 478:518 chitosan-hyaluronic acid composite sponge incorporated with fibrin nanoparticles loaded with VEGF as a wound dressing for diabetic wounds 478:614 The aim of this work was to develop chitosan-hyaluronic acid composite sponge incorporated with fibrin nanoparticles loaded with VEGF as a wound dressing for diabetic wounds. 25660093 4 35 theme VEGF 617:620 arg1 nanoparticles 636:648 VEGF loaded fibrin nanoparticles 617:648 VEGF loaded fibrin nanoparticles (150-180 nm) 617:661 VEGF loaded fibrin nanoparticles (150-180 nm) were prepared and characterized which were then incorporated to the composite sponge. 25660093 4 35 theme VEGF 617:620 arg1 nm 659:660 150-180 nm 651:660 150-180 nm 651:660 VEGF loaded fibrin nanoparticles (150-180 nm) were prepared and characterized which were then incorporated to the composite sponge. 25660093 5 36 theme prepared 753:760 arg1 sponges 762:768 The prepared sponges 749:768 The prepared sponges 749:768 The prepared sponges were characterized by SEM and FT-IR. 25660093 2 37 theme angiogenic 321:330 arg1 factor 339:344 the most potent angiogenic growth factor 305:344 the most potent angiogenic growth factor which stimulates multiple phases of wound healing angiogenesis and thereby accelerates healing 305:439 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most potent angiogenic growth factor which stimulates multiple phases of wound healing angiogenesis and thereby accelerates healing. 25660093 2 37 theme angiogenic 321:330 arg1 factor 288:293 Vascular endothelial growth factor 260:293 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 260:300 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most potent angiogenic growth factor which stimulates multiple phases of wound healing angiogenesis and thereby accelerates healing. 25660093 4 38 theme composite 731:739 arg1 sponge 741:746 the composite sponge 727:746 the composite sponge 727:746 VEGF loaded fibrin nanoparticles (150-180 nm) were prepared and characterized which were then incorporated to the composite sponge. 25660093 0 39 theme composite 58:66 arg1 sponges 68:74 composite sponges 58:74 composite sponges 58:74 Chitosan-hyaluronic acid/VEGF loaded fibrin nanoparticles composite sponges for enhancing angiogenesis in wounds. 25660093 3 40 theme chitosan-hyaluronic 478:496 arg1 sponge 513:518 chitosan-hyaluronic acid composite sponge 478:518 chitosan-hyaluronic acid composite sponge incorporated with fibrin nanoparticles loaded with VEGF as a wound dressing for diabetic wounds 478:614 The aim of this work was to develop chitosan-hyaluronic acid composite sponge incorporated with fibrin nanoparticles loaded with VEGF as a wound dressing for diabetic wounds. 25660093 2 41 theme growth 281:286 arg1 factor 339:344 the most potent angiogenic growth factor 305:344 the most potent angiogenic growth factor which stimulates multiple phases of wound healing angiogenesis and thereby accelerates healing 305:439 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most potent angiogenic growth factor which stimulates multiple phases of wound healing angiogenesis and thereby accelerates healing. 25660093 2 41 theme growth 281:286 arg1 VEGF 296:299 VEGF 296:299 VEGF 296:299 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most potent angiogenic growth factor which stimulates multiple phases of wound healing angiogenesis and thereby accelerates healing. 25660093 2 41 theme growth 281:286 arg1 factor 288:293 Vascular endothelial growth factor 260:293 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 260:300 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most potent angiogenic growth factor which stimulates multiple phases of wound healing angiogenesis and thereby accelerates healing. 25660093 9 42 theme Cell 1060:1063 arg1 viability 1065:1073 Cell viability 1060:1073 Cell viability 1060:1073 Cell viability and attachment studies of the composite sponges were evaluated using human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). 25660093 1 43 theme diabetic 241:248 arg1 patients 250:257 diabetic patients 241:257 diabetic patients 241:257 Reduced levels of endogenous growth factors and diminished angiogenesis are contributory factors for impaired wound healing in diabetic patients. 25660093 11 44 theme prepared 1377:1384 arg1 sponges 1444:1450 the prepared chitosan-hyaluronic acid/VEGF loaded nanofibrin composite sponges 1373:1450 the prepared chitosan-hyaluronic acid/VEGF loaded nanofibrin composite sponges (CHVFS) 1373:1458 The results suggest that the prepared chitosan-hyaluronic acid/VEGF loaded nanofibrin composite sponges (CHVFS) have potential to induce angiogenesis in wound healing. 25660093 11 44 theme prepared 1377:1384 arg1 CHVFS 1453:1457 CHVFS 1453:1457 CHVFS 1453:1457 The results suggest that the prepared chitosan-hyaluronic acid/VEGF loaded nanofibrin composite sponges (CHVFS) have potential to induce angiogenesis in wound healing. 25660093 0 45 from angiogenesis 90:101 arg1 wounds 106:111 wounds 106:111 wounds 106:111 Chitosan-hyaluronic acid/VEGF loaded fibrin nanoparticles composite sponges for enhancing angiogenesis in wounds. 25660093 2 46 theme endothelial 269:279 arg1 factor 339:344 the most potent angiogenic growth factor 305:344 the most potent angiogenic growth factor which stimulates multiple phases of wound healing angiogenesis and thereby accelerates healing 305:439 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most potent angiogenic growth factor which stimulates multiple phases of wound healing angiogenesis and thereby accelerates healing. 25660093 2 46 theme endothelial 269:279 arg1 VEGF 296:299 VEGF 296:299 VEGF 296:299 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most potent angiogenic growth factor which stimulates multiple phases of wound healing angiogenesis and thereby accelerates healing. 25660093 2 46 theme endothelial 269:279 arg1 factor 288:293 Vascular endothelial growth factor 260:293 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 260:300 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most potent angiogenic growth factor which stimulates multiple phases of wound healing angiogenesis and thereby accelerates healing. 25660093 9 47 theme dermal 1150:1155 arg1 cells 1174:1178 human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells 1144:1178 human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells 1144:1178 Cell viability and attachment studies of the composite sponges were evaluated using human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). 25660093 3 48 theme acid 498:501 arg1 sponge 513:518 chitosan-hyaluronic acid composite sponge 478:518 chitosan-hyaluronic acid composite sponge incorporated with fibrin nanoparticles loaded with VEGF as a wound dressing for diabetic wounds 478:614 The aim of this work was to develop chitosan-hyaluronic acid composite sponge incorporated with fibrin nanoparticles loaded with VEGF as a wound dressing for diabetic wounds. 25660093 10 49 theme tube 1296:1299 arg1 formation 1301:1309 tube formation 1296:1309 tube formation which was absent in control sponges 1296:1345 HUVECs seeded on VEGF containing sponges showed capillary like tube formation which was absent in control sponges. 25660093 9 50 theme endothelial 1205:1215 arg1 HUVECs 1224:1229 HUVECs 1224:1229 HUVECs 1224:1229 Cell viability and attachment studies of the composite sponges were evaluated using human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). 25660093 9 50 theme endothelial 1205:1215 arg1 cells 1217:1221 human umbilical vein endothelial cells 1184:1221 human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) 1184:1230 Cell viability and attachment studies of the composite sponges were evaluated using human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). 25660093 2 51 theme Vascular 260:267 arg1 factor 339:344 the most potent angiogenic growth factor 305:344 the most potent angiogenic growth factor which stimulates multiple phases of wound healing angiogenesis and thereby accelerates healing 305:439 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most potent angiogenic growth factor which stimulates multiple phases of wound healing angiogenesis and thereby accelerates healing. 25660093 2 51 theme Vascular 260:267 arg1 VEGF 296:299 VEGF 296:299 VEGF 296:299 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most potent angiogenic growth factor which stimulates multiple phases of wound healing angiogenesis and thereby accelerates healing. 25660093 2 51 theme Vascular 260:267 arg1 factor 288:293 Vascular endothelial growth factor 260:293 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 260:300 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most potent angiogenic growth factor which stimulates multiple phases of wound healing angiogenesis and thereby accelerates healing. 25660093 9 52 theme fibroblast 1157:1166 arg1 cells 1174:1178 human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells 1144:1178 human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells 1144:1178 Cell viability and attachment studies of the composite sponges were evaluated using human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). 25660093 1 53 theme endogenous 132:141 arg1 factors 150:156 endogenous growth factors 132:156 endogenous growth factors 132:156 Reduced levels of endogenous growth factors and diminished angiogenesis are contributory factors for impaired wound healing in diabetic patients. 25660093 6 54 theme sponges 898:904 arg1 biodegradation 827:840 biodegradation 827:840 biodegradation 827:840 Porosity, swelling, biodegradation, mechanical properties and haemostatic potential of the sponges were also studied. 25660093 6 54 theme sponges 898:904 arg1 properties 854:863 mechanical properties 843:863 mechanical properties 843:863 Porosity, swelling, biodegradation, mechanical properties and haemostatic potential of the sponges were also studied. 25660093 6 54 theme sponges 898:904 arg1 potential 881:889 haemostatic potential 869:889 haemostatic potential 869:889 Porosity, swelling, biodegradation, mechanical properties and haemostatic potential of the sponges were also studied. 25660093 6 54 theme sponges 898:904 arg1 Porosity 807:814 Porosity 807:814 Porosity 807:814 Porosity, swelling, biodegradation, mechanical properties and haemostatic potential of the sponges were also studied. 25660093 6 54 theme sponges 898:904 arg1 swelling 817:824 swelling 817:824 swelling 817:824 Porosity, swelling, biodegradation, mechanical properties and haemostatic potential of the sponges were also studied. 25660093 1 55 from healing 230:236 arg1 patients 250:257 diabetic patients 241:257 diabetic patients 241:257 Reduced levels of endogenous growth factors and diminished angiogenesis are contributory factors for impaired wound healing in diabetic patients. 25660093 1 56 theme growth 143:148 arg1 factors 150:156 endogenous growth factors 132:156 endogenous growth factors 132:156 Reduced levels of endogenous growth factors and diminished angiogenesis are contributory factors for impaired wound healing in diabetic patients. 25660093 10 57 theme VEGF 1250:1253 arg1 sponges 1266:1272 VEGF containing sponges 1250:1272 VEGF containing sponges 1250:1272 HUVECs seeded on VEGF containing sponges showed capillary like tube formation which was absent in control sponges. 25660093 10 58 from absent 1321:1326 arg1 sponges 1339:1345 control sponges 1331:1345 control sponges 1331:1345 HUVECs seeded on VEGF containing sponges showed capillary like tube formation which was absent in control sponges. 25660093 9 59 theme HDF 1169:1171 arg1 cells 1174:1178 human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells 1144:1178 human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells 1144:1178 Cell viability and attachment studies of the composite sponges were evaluated using human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). 25660093 1 60 theme factors 150:156 arg1 factors 203:209 contributory factors 190:209 contributory factors for impaired wound healing in diabetic patients 190:257 Reduced levels of endogenous growth factors and diminished angiogenesis are contributory factors for impaired wound healing in diabetic patients. 25660093 1 60 theme factors 150:156 arg1 levels 122:127 Reduced levels 114:127 Reduced levels of endogenous growth factors and diminished angiogenesis 114:184 Reduced levels of endogenous growth factors and diminished angiogenesis are contributory factors for impaired wound healing in diabetic patients. 25660093 3 61 theme diabetic 600:607 arg1 wounds 609:614 diabetic wounds 600:614 diabetic wounds 600:614 The aim of this work was to develop chitosan-hyaluronic acid composite sponge incorporated with fibrin nanoparticles loaded with VEGF as a wound dressing for diabetic wounds. 25660093 1 62 theme angiogenesis 173:184 arg1 factors 203:209 contributory factors 190:209 contributory factors for impaired wound healing in diabetic patients 190:257 Reduced levels of endogenous growth factors and diminished angiogenesis are contributory factors for impaired wound healing in diabetic patients. 25660093 1 62 theme angiogenesis 173:184 arg1 levels 122:127 Reduced levels 114:127 Reduced levels of endogenous growth factors and diminished angiogenesis 114:184 Reduced levels of endogenous growth factors and diminished angiogenesis are contributory factors for impaired wound healing in diabetic patients. 25660093 2 63 theme multiple 363:370 arg1 phases 372:377 multiple phases 363:377 multiple phases of wound healing angiogenesis 363:407 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most potent angiogenic growth factor which stimulates multiple phases of wound healing angiogenesis and thereby accelerates healing. 25660093 11 64 theme loaded 1416:1421 arg1 sponges 1444:1450 the prepared chitosan-hyaluronic acid/VEGF loaded nanofibrin composite sponges 1373:1450 the prepared chitosan-hyaluronic acid/VEGF loaded nanofibrin composite sponges (CHVFS) 1373:1458 The results suggest that the prepared chitosan-hyaluronic acid/VEGF loaded nanofibrin composite sponges (CHVFS) have potential to induce angiogenesis in wound healing. 25660093 11 64 theme loaded 1416:1421 arg1 CHVFS 1453:1457 CHVFS 1453:1457 CHVFS 1453:1457 The results suggest that the prepared chitosan-hyaluronic acid/VEGF loaded nanofibrin composite sponges (CHVFS) have potential to induce angiogenesis in wound healing. 25660093 10 65 theme containing 1255:1264 arg1 sponges 1266:1272 VEGF containing sponges 1250:1272 VEGF containing sponges 1250:1272 HUVECs seeded on VEGF containing sponges showed capillary like tube formation which was absent in control sponges. 25660093 1 66 theme diminished 162:171 arg1 angiogenesis 173:184 diminished angiogenesis 162:184 diminished angiogenesis 162:184 Reduced levels of endogenous growth factors and diminished angiogenesis are contributory factors for impaired wound healing in diabetic patients. 25660093 7 67 theme composite 950:958 arg1 sponges 960:966 the composite sponges 946:966 the composite sponges 946:966 Release of VEGF from the composite sponges was evaluated using ELISA kit. 25660093 11 68 theme nanofibrin 1423:1432 arg1 sponges 1444:1450 the prepared chitosan-hyaluronic acid/VEGF loaded nanofibrin composite sponges 1373:1450 the prepared chitosan-hyaluronic acid/VEGF loaded nanofibrin composite sponges (CHVFS) 1373:1458 The results suggest that the prepared chitosan-hyaluronic acid/VEGF loaded nanofibrin composite sponges (CHVFS) have potential to induce angiogenesis in wound healing. 25660093 11 68 theme nanofibrin 1423:1432 arg1 CHVFS 1453:1457 CHVFS 1453:1457 CHVFS 1453:1457 The results suggest that the prepared chitosan-hyaluronic acid/VEGF loaded nanofibrin composite sponges (CHVFS) have potential to induce angiogenesis in wound healing. 25660093 2 69 theme angiogenesis 396:407 arg1 phases 372:377 multiple phases 363:377 multiple phases of wound healing angiogenesis 363:407 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most potent angiogenic growth factor which stimulates multiple phases of wound healing angiogenesis and thereby accelerates healing. 25660093 7 70 theme VEGF 936:939 arg1 Release 925:931 Release 925:931 Release of VEGF from the composite sponges 925:966 Release of VEGF from the composite sponges was evaluated using ELISA kit. 26572476 0 0 theme ion 91:93 arg1 recovery 67:74 recovery 67:74 recovery of heavy metal ion 67:93 Phosphorylated cellulose triacetate-silica composite adsorbent for recovery of heavy metal ion. 26572476 5 1 theme Ni 793:794 arg1 adsorption 800:809 about 78.8% Ni(II) adsorption 781:809 about 78.8% Ni(II) adsorption at pH: 6 781:818 Developed adsorbent exhibited about 78.8% Ni(II) adsorption at pH: 6 and a suitable candidate for the removal of Ni(II) ions from wastewater. 26572476 3 2 theme pH 500:501 arg1 effect 471:476 effect 471:476 effect of time, temperature, pH, adsorbent dose and adsorbate concentration 471:545 For Ni(II) adsorption, effect of time, temperature, pH, adsorbent dose and adsorbate concentration were investigated; different kinetic models were also evaluated. 26572476 6 3 from treatment 1078:1086 arg1 industry 1113:1120 industry 1113:1120 industry 1113:1120 Further, about 65.5% recovery of adsorbed Ni(II) using EDTA solution was demonstrated, which suggested effective recycling of the functionalized beads would enable it to be used in the treatment of contaminated water in industry. 26572476 5 4 dep % 791:791 arg1 78.8 787:790 78.8 787:790 78.8 787:790 Developed adsorbent exhibited about 78.8% Ni(II) adsorption at pH: 6 and a suitable candidate for the removal of Ni(II) ions from wastewater. 26572476 5 5 dep adsorption 800:809 arg1 % 791:791 % 791:791 % 791:791 Developed adsorbent exhibited about 78.8% Ni(II) adsorption at pH: 6 and a suitable candidate for the removal of Ni(II) ions from wastewater. 26572476 3 6 theme Ni 452:453 arg1 adsorption 459:468 Ni(II) adsorption 452:468 Ni(II) adsorption 452:468 For Ni(II) adsorption, effect of time, temperature, pH, adsorbent dose and adsorbate concentration were investigated; different kinetic models were also evaluated. 26572476 5 7 theme suitable 826:833 arg1 candidate 835:843 a suitable candidate 824:843 a suitable candidate for the removal of Ni(II) ions from wastewater 824:890 Developed adsorbent exhibited about 78.8% Ni(II) adsorption at pH: 6 and a suitable candidate for the removal of Ni(II) ions from wastewater. 26572476 1 8 theme sol-gel 196:202 arg1 method 204:209 acid catalyzed sol-gel method 181:209 acid catalyzed sol-gel method using an inorganic precursor (3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTEOS)) 181:279 Phosphorylated cellulose triacetate (CTA)/silica composite adsorbent was prepared by acid catalyzed sol-gel method using an inorganic precursor (3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTEOS)). 26572476 1 9 theme acid 181:184 arg1 method 204:209 acid catalyzed sol-gel method 181:209 acid catalyzed sol-gel method using an inorganic precursor (3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTEOS)) 181:279 Phosphorylated cellulose triacetate (CTA)/silica composite adsorbent was prepared by acid catalyzed sol-gel method using an inorganic precursor (3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTEOS)). 26572476 6 10 theme effective 996:1004 arg1 recycling 1006:1014 effective recycling 996:1014 effective recycling of the functionalized beads 996:1042 Further, about 65.5% recovery of adsorbed Ni(II) using EDTA solution was demonstrated, which suggested effective recycling of the functionalized beads would enable it to be used in the treatment of contaminated water in industry. 26572476 4 11 theme Langmuir 716:723 arg1 isotherms 740:748 Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms 716:748 Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms 716:748 Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° were also estimated and equilibrium adsorption obeyed Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. 26572476 2 12 theme metal 400:404 arg1 Ni 420:421 Ni 420:421 Ni(2+) 420:425 Reported composite adsorbent showed comparatively high adsorption capacity for Ni(II) in compare with different heavy metal ions (Cu(2+), Ni(2+), Cd(2+) and Pb(2+)). 26572476 2 12 theme metal 400:404 arg1 Cu 412:413 Cu 412:413 Cu(2+) 412:417 Reported composite adsorbent showed comparatively high adsorption capacity for Ni(II) in compare with different heavy metal ions (Cu(2+), Ni(2+), Cd(2+) and Pb(2+)). 26572476 2 12 theme metal 400:404 arg1 ions 406:409 different heavy metal ions 384:409 different heavy metal ions (Cu(2+), Ni(2+), Cd(2+) and Pb(2+)) 384:445 Reported composite adsorbent showed comparatively high adsorption capacity for Ni(II) in compare with different heavy metal ions (Cu(2+), Ni(2+), Cd(2+) and Pb(2+)). 26572476 2 12 theme metal 400:404 arg1 Pb 439:440 Pb 439:440 Pb(2+) 439:444 Reported composite adsorbent showed comparatively high adsorption capacity for Ni(II) in compare with different heavy metal ions (Cu(2+), Ni(2+), Cd(2+) and Pb(2+)). 26572476 2 12 theme metal 400:404 arg1 Cd 428:429 Cd 428:429 Cd(2+) 428:433 Reported composite adsorbent showed comparatively high adsorption capacity for Ni(II) in compare with different heavy metal ions (Cu(2+), Ni(2+), Cd(2+) and Pb(2+)). 26572476 0 13 theme cellulose 15:23 arg1 composite 43:51 Phosphorylated cellulose triacetate-silica composite 0:51 Phosphorylated cellulose triacetate-silica composite 0:51 Phosphorylated cellulose triacetate-silica composite adsorbent for recovery of heavy metal ion. 26572476 5 14 from wastewater 881:890 arg1 removal 853:859 the removal 849:859 the removal of Ni(II) ions from wastewater 849:890 Developed adsorbent exhibited about 78.8% Ni(II) adsorption at pH: 6 and a suitable candidate for the removal of Ni(II) ions from wastewater. 26572476 1 15 theme Phosphorylated 96:109 arg1 /silica 137:143 Phosphorylated cellulose triacetate (CTA)/silica 96:143 Phosphorylated cellulose triacetate (CTA)/silica composite adsorbent 96:163 Phosphorylated cellulose triacetate (CTA)/silica composite adsorbent was prepared by acid catalyzed sol-gel method using an inorganic precursor (3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTEOS)). 26572476 2 16 theme heavy 394:398 arg1 Ni 420:421 Ni 420:421 Ni(2+) 420:425 Reported composite adsorbent showed comparatively high adsorption capacity for Ni(II) in compare with different heavy metal ions (Cu(2+), Ni(2+), Cd(2+) and Pb(2+)). 26572476 2 16 theme heavy 394:398 arg1 Cu 412:413 Cu 412:413 Cu(2+) 412:417 Reported composite adsorbent showed comparatively high adsorption capacity for Ni(II) in compare with different heavy metal ions (Cu(2+), Ni(2+), Cd(2+) and Pb(2+)). 26572476 2 16 theme heavy 394:398 arg1 ions 406:409 different heavy metal ions 384:409 different heavy metal ions (Cu(2+), Ni(2+), Cd(2+) and Pb(2+)) 384:445 Reported composite adsorbent showed comparatively high adsorption capacity for Ni(II) in compare with different heavy metal ions (Cu(2+), Ni(2+), Cd(2+) and Pb(2+)). 26572476 2 16 theme heavy 394:398 arg1 Pb 439:440 Pb 439:440 Pb(2+) 439:444 Reported composite adsorbent showed comparatively high adsorption capacity for Ni(II) in compare with different heavy metal ions (Cu(2+), Ni(2+), Cd(2+) and Pb(2+)). 26572476 2 16 theme heavy 394:398 arg1 Cd 428:429 Cd 428:429 Cd(2+) 428:433 Reported composite adsorbent showed comparatively high adsorption capacity for Ni(II) in compare with different heavy metal ions (Cu(2+), Ni(2+), Cd(2+) and Pb(2+)). 26572476 0 17 theme Phosphorylated 0:13 arg1 composite 43:51 Phosphorylated cellulose triacetate-silica composite 0:51 Phosphorylated cellulose triacetate-silica composite 0:51 Phosphorylated cellulose triacetate-silica composite adsorbent for recovery of heavy metal ion. 26572476 4 18 theme Freundlich 729:738 arg1 isotherms 740:748 Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms 716:748 Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms 716:748 Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° were also estimated and equilibrium adsorption obeyed Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. 26572476 2 19 theme adsorption 337:346 arg1 capacity 348:355 comparatively high adsorption capacity 318:355 comparatively high adsorption capacity for Ni(II) 318:366 Reported composite adsorbent showed comparatively high adsorption capacity for Ni(II) in compare with different heavy metal ions (Cu(2+), Ni(2+), Cd(2+) and Pb(2+)). 26572476 2 20 theme different 384:392 arg1 Ni 420:421 Ni 420:421 Ni(2+) 420:425 Reported composite adsorbent showed comparatively high adsorption capacity for Ni(II) in compare with different heavy metal ions (Cu(2+), Ni(2+), Cd(2+) and Pb(2+)). 26572476 2 20 theme different 384:392 arg1 Cu 412:413 Cu 412:413 Cu(2+) 412:417 Reported composite adsorbent showed comparatively high adsorption capacity for Ni(II) in compare with different heavy metal ions (Cu(2+), Ni(2+), Cd(2+) and Pb(2+)). 26572476 2 20 theme different 384:392 arg1 ions 406:409 different heavy metal ions 384:409 different heavy metal ions (Cu(2+), Ni(2+), Cd(2+) and Pb(2+)) 384:445 Reported composite adsorbent showed comparatively high adsorption capacity for Ni(II) in compare with different heavy metal ions (Cu(2+), Ni(2+), Cd(2+) and Pb(2+)). 26572476 2 20 theme different 384:392 arg1 Pb 439:440 Pb 439:440 Pb(2+) 439:444 Reported composite adsorbent showed comparatively high adsorption capacity for Ni(II) in compare with different heavy metal ions (Cu(2+), Ni(2+), Cd(2+) and Pb(2+)). 26572476 2 20 theme different 384:392 arg1 Cd 428:429 Cd 428:429 Cd(2+) 428:433 Reported composite adsorbent showed comparatively high adsorption capacity for Ni(II) in compare with different heavy metal ions (Cu(2+), Ni(2+), Cd(2+) and Pb(2+)). 26572476 4 21 theme Thermodynamic 612:624 arg1 ΔS° 658:660 ΔS° 658:660 ΔS° 658:660 Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° were also estimated and equilibrium adsorption obeyed Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. 26572476 4 21 theme Thermodynamic 612:624 arg1 ΔH° 650:652 ΔH° 650:652 ΔH° 650:652 Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° were also estimated and equilibrium adsorption obeyed Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. 26572476 4 21 theme Thermodynamic 612:624 arg1 parameters 626:635 Thermodynamic parameters 612:635 Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° 612:660 Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° were also estimated and equilibrium adsorption obeyed Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. 26572476 4 21 theme Thermodynamic 612:624 arg1 ΔG° 645:647 ΔG° 645:647 ΔG° 645:647 Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° were also estimated and equilibrium adsorption obeyed Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. 26572476 6 22 theme functionalized 1023:1036 arg1 beads 1038:1042 the functionalized beads 1019:1042 the functionalized beads 1019:1042 Further, about 65.5% recovery of adsorbed Ni(II) using EDTA solution was demonstrated, which suggested effective recycling of the functionalized beads would enable it to be used in the treatment of contaminated water in industry. 26572476 2 23 theme high 332:335 arg1 capacity 348:355 comparatively high adsorption capacity 318:355 comparatively high adsorption capacity for Ni(II) 318:366 Reported composite adsorbent showed comparatively high adsorption capacity for Ni(II) in compare with different heavy metal ions (Cu(2+), Ni(2+), Cd(2+) and Pb(2+)). 26572476 5 24 theme Ni 864:865 arg1 ions 871:874 Ni(II) ions 864:874 Ni(II) ions 864:874 Developed adsorbent exhibited about 78.8% Ni(II) adsorption at pH: 6 and a suitable candidate for the removal of Ni(II) ions from wastewater. 26572476 1 25 theme cellulose 111:119 arg1 /silica 137:143 Phosphorylated cellulose triacetate (CTA)/silica 96:143 Phosphorylated cellulose triacetate (CTA)/silica composite adsorbent 96:163 Phosphorylated cellulose triacetate (CTA)/silica composite adsorbent was prepared by acid catalyzed sol-gel method using an inorganic precursor (3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTEOS)). 26572476 3 26 theme dose 514:517 arg1 effect 471:476 effect 471:476 effect of time, temperature, pH, adsorbent dose and adsorbate concentration 471:545 For Ni(II) adsorption, effect of time, temperature, pH, adsorbent dose and adsorbate concentration were investigated; different kinetic models were also evaluated. 26572476 6 27 theme adsorbed 926:933 arg1 II 938:939 II 938:939 II 938:939 Further, about 65.5% recovery of adsorbed Ni(II) using EDTA solution was demonstrated, which suggested effective recycling of the functionalized beads would enable it to be used in the treatment of contaminated water in industry. 26572476 6 27 theme adsorbed 926:933 arg1 Ni 935:936 adsorbed Ni 926:936 adsorbed Ni(II) using EDTA solution 926:960 Further, about 65.5% recovery of adsorbed Ni(II) using EDTA solution was demonstrated, which suggested effective recycling of the functionalized beads would enable it to be used in the treatment of contaminated water in industry. 26572476 6 28 dep suggested 986:994 arg1 enable 1050:1055 enable 1050:1055 suggested effective recycling of the functionalized beads would enable it to be used in the treatment of contaminated water in industry 986:1120 Further, about 65.5% recovery of adsorbed Ni(II) using EDTA solution was demonstrated, which suggested effective recycling of the functionalized beads would enable it to be used in the treatment of contaminated water in industry. 26572476 4 29 theme equilibrium 686:696 arg1 adsorption 698:707 equilibrium adsorption 686:707 equilibrium adsorption 686:707 Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° were also estimated and equilibrium adsorption obeyed Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. 26572476 5 30 from pH 814:815 arg1 candidate 835:843 a suitable candidate 824:843 a suitable candidate for the removal of Ni(II) ions from wastewater 824:890 Developed adsorbent exhibited about 78.8% Ni(II) adsorption at pH: 6 and a suitable candidate for the removal of Ni(II) ions from wastewater. 26572476 5 30 from pH 814:815 arg1 adsorption 800:809 about 78.8% Ni(II) adsorption 781:809 about 78.8% Ni(II) adsorption at pH: 6 781:818 Developed adsorbent exhibited about 78.8% Ni(II) adsorption at pH: 6 and a suitable candidate for the removal of Ni(II) ions from wastewater. 26572476 1 31 theme inorganic 220:228 arg1 precursor 230:238 an inorganic precursor 217:238 an inorganic precursor (3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTEOS)) 217:279 Phosphorylated cellulose triacetate (CTA)/silica composite adsorbent was prepared by acid catalyzed sol-gel method using an inorganic precursor (3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTEOS)). 26572476 6 32 from water 1104:1108 arg1 industry 1113:1120 industry 1113:1120 industry 1113:1120 Further, about 65.5% recovery of adsorbed Ni(II) using EDTA solution was demonstrated, which suggested effective recycling of the functionalized beads would enable it to be used in the treatment of contaminated water in industry. 26572476 3 33 theme time 481:484 arg1 effect 471:476 effect 471:476 effect of time, temperature, pH, adsorbent dose and adsorbate concentration 471:545 For Ni(II) adsorption, effect of time, temperature, pH, adsorbent dose and adsorbate concentration were investigated; different kinetic models were also evaluated. 26572476 3 34 theme adsorbent 504:512 arg1 dose 514:517 adsorbent dose 504:517 adsorbent dose 504:517 For Ni(II) adsorption, effect of time, temperature, pH, adsorbent dose and adsorbate concentration were investigated; different kinetic models were also evaluated. 26572476 6 35 theme beads 1038:1042 arg1 recycling 1006:1014 effective recycling 996:1014 effective recycling of the functionalized beads 996:1042 Further, about 65.5% recovery of adsorbed Ni(II) using EDTA solution was demonstrated, which suggested effective recycling of the functionalized beads would enable it to be used in the treatment of contaminated water in industry. 26572476 1 36 theme CTA 133:135 arg1 /silica 137:143 Phosphorylated cellulose triacetate (CTA)/silica 96:143 Phosphorylated cellulose triacetate (CTA)/silica composite adsorbent 96:163 Phosphorylated cellulose triacetate (CTA)/silica composite adsorbent was prepared by acid catalyzed sol-gel method using an inorganic precursor (3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTEOS)). 26572476 3 37 theme different 566:574 arg1 models 584:589 different kinetic models 566:589 different kinetic models 566:589 For Ni(II) adsorption, effect of time, temperature, pH, adsorbent dose and adsorbate concentration were investigated; different kinetic models were also evaluated. 26572476 6 38 from industry 1113:1120 arg1 treatment 1078:1086 the treatment 1074:1086 the treatment of contaminated water in industry 1074:1120 Further, about 65.5% recovery of adsorbed Ni(II) using EDTA solution was demonstrated, which suggested effective recycling of the functionalized beads would enable it to be used in the treatment of contaminated water in industry. 26572476 5 39 theme ions 871:874 arg1 removal 853:859 the removal 849:859 the removal of Ni(II) ions from wastewater 849:890 Developed adsorbent exhibited about 78.8% Ni(II) adsorption at pH: 6 and a suitable candidate for the removal of Ni(II) ions from wastewater. 26572476 6 40 theme EDTA 948:951 arg1 solution 953:960 EDTA solution 948:960 EDTA solution 948:960 Further, about 65.5% recovery of adsorbed Ni(II) using EDTA solution was demonstrated, which suggested effective recycling of the functionalized beads would enable it to be used in the treatment of contaminated water in industry. 26572476 3 41 theme temperature 487:497 arg1 effect 471:476 effect 471:476 effect of time, temperature, pH, adsorbent dose and adsorbate concentration 471:545 For Ni(II) adsorption, effect of time, temperature, pH, adsorbent dose and adsorbate concentration were investigated; different kinetic models were also evaluated. 26572476 6 42 theme water 1104:1108 arg1 treatment 1078:1086 the treatment 1074:1086 the treatment of contaminated water in industry 1074:1120 Further, about 65.5% recovery of adsorbed Ni(II) using EDTA solution was demonstrated, which suggested effective recycling of the functionalized beads would enable it to be used in the treatment of contaminated water in industry. 26572476 6 43 dep % 912:912 arg1 65.5 908:911 65.5 908:911 65.5 908:911 Further, about 65.5% recovery of adsorbed Ni(II) using EDTA solution was demonstrated, which suggested effective recycling of the functionalized beads would enable it to be used in the treatment of contaminated water in industry. 26572476 1 44 theme triacetate 121:130 arg1 /silica 137:143 Phosphorylated cellulose triacetate (CTA)/silica 96:143 Phosphorylated cellulose triacetate (CTA)/silica composite adsorbent 96:163 Phosphorylated cellulose triacetate (CTA)/silica composite adsorbent was prepared by acid catalyzed sol-gel method using an inorganic precursor (3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTEOS)). 26572476 6 45 theme contaminated 1091:1102 arg1 water 1104:1108 contaminated water 1091:1108 contaminated water in industry 1091:1120 Further, about 65.5% recovery of adsorbed Ni(II) using EDTA solution was demonstrated, which suggested effective recycling of the functionalized beads would enable it to be used in the treatment of contaminated water in industry. 26572476 3 46 theme adsorbate 523:531 arg1 concentration 533:545 adsorbate concentration 523:545 adsorbate concentration 523:545 For Ni(II) adsorption, effect of time, temperature, pH, adsorbent dose and adsorbate concentration were investigated; different kinetic models were also evaluated. 26572476 1 47 dep precursor 230:238 arg1 triethoxysilane 255:269 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane 241:269 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTEOS) 241:278 Phosphorylated cellulose triacetate (CTA)/silica composite adsorbent was prepared by acid catalyzed sol-gel method using an inorganic precursor (3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTEOS)). 26572476 1 47 dep precursor 230:238 arg1 APTEOS 272:277 APTEOS 272:277 APTEOS 272:277 Phosphorylated cellulose triacetate (CTA)/silica composite adsorbent was prepared by acid catalyzed sol-gel method using an inorganic precursor (3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTEOS)). 26572476 6 48 theme Ni 935:936 arg1 recovery 914:921 about 65.5% recovery 902:921 about 65.5% recovery of adsorbed Ni(II) using EDTA solution 902:960 Further, about 65.5% recovery of adsorbed Ni(II) using EDTA solution was demonstrated, which suggested effective recycling of the functionalized beads would enable it to be used in the treatment of contaminated water in industry. 26572476 1 49 theme 3-aminopropyl 241:253 arg1 triethoxysilane 255:269 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane 241:269 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTEOS) 241:278 Phosphorylated cellulose triacetate (CTA)/silica composite adsorbent was prepared by acid catalyzed sol-gel method using an inorganic precursor (3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTEOS)). 26572476 1 49 theme 3-aminopropyl 241:253 arg1 APTEOS 272:277 APTEOS 272:277 APTEOS 272:277 Phosphorylated cellulose triacetate (CTA)/silica composite adsorbent was prepared by acid catalyzed sol-gel method using an inorganic precursor (3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTEOS)). 26572476 0 50 theme metal 85:89 arg1 ion 91:93 heavy metal ion 79:93 heavy metal ion 79:93 Phosphorylated cellulose triacetate-silica composite adsorbent for recovery of heavy metal ion. 26572476 3 51 theme concentration 533:545 arg1 effect 471:476 effect 471:476 effect of time, temperature, pH, adsorbent dose and adsorbate concentration 471:545 For Ni(II) adsorption, effect of time, temperature, pH, adsorbent dose and adsorbate concentration were investigated; different kinetic models were also evaluated. 26572476 2 52 dep ions 406:409 arg1 ions 406:409 different heavy metal ions 384:409 different heavy metal ions (Cu(2+), Ni(2+), Cd(2+) and Pb(2+)) 384:445 Reported composite adsorbent showed comparatively high adsorption capacity for Ni(II) in compare with different heavy metal ions (Cu(2+), Ni(2+), Cd(2+) and Pb(2+)). 26572476 2 52 dep ions 406:409 arg1 2+ 442:443 2+ 442:443 2+ 442:443 Reported composite adsorbent showed comparatively high adsorption capacity for Ni(II) in compare with different heavy metal ions (Cu(2+), Ni(2+), Cd(2+) and Pb(2+)). 26572476 2 52 dep ions 406:409 arg1 Ni 420:421 Ni 420:421 Ni(2+) 420:425 Reported composite adsorbent showed comparatively high adsorption capacity for Ni(II) in compare with different heavy metal ions (Cu(2+), Ni(2+), Cd(2+) and Pb(2+)). 26572476 2 52 dep ions 406:409 arg1 2+ 431:432 2+ 431:432 2+ 431:432 Reported composite adsorbent showed comparatively high adsorption capacity for Ni(II) in compare with different heavy metal ions (Cu(2+), Ni(2+), Cd(2+) and Pb(2+)). 26572476 2 52 dep ions 406:409 arg1 Cu 412:413 Cu 412:413 Cu(2+) 412:417 Reported composite adsorbent showed comparatively high adsorption capacity for Ni(II) in compare with different heavy metal ions (Cu(2+), Ni(2+), Cd(2+) and Pb(2+)). 26572476 2 52 dep ions 406:409 arg1 2+ 423:424 2+ 423:424 2+ 423:424 Reported composite adsorbent showed comparatively high adsorption capacity for Ni(II) in compare with different heavy metal ions (Cu(2+), Ni(2+), Cd(2+) and Pb(2+)). 26572476 2 52 dep ions 406:409 arg1 2+ 415:416 2+ 415:416 2+ 415:416 Reported composite adsorbent showed comparatively high adsorption capacity for Ni(II) in compare with different heavy metal ions (Cu(2+), Ni(2+), Cd(2+) and Pb(2+)). 26572476 2 52 dep ions 406:409 arg1 Pb 439:440 Pb 439:440 Pb(2+) 439:444 Reported composite adsorbent showed comparatively high adsorption capacity for Ni(II) in compare with different heavy metal ions (Cu(2+), Ni(2+), Cd(2+) and Pb(2+)). 26572476 2 52 dep ions 406:409 arg1 Cd 428:429 Cd 428:429 Cd(2+) 428:433 Reported composite adsorbent showed comparatively high adsorption capacity for Ni(II) in compare with different heavy metal ions (Cu(2+), Ni(2+), Cd(2+) and Pb(2+)). 26572476 1 53 theme adsorbent 155:163 arg1 /silica 137:143 Phosphorylated cellulose triacetate (CTA)/silica 96:143 Phosphorylated cellulose triacetate (CTA)/silica composite adsorbent 96:163 Phosphorylated cellulose triacetate (CTA)/silica composite adsorbent was prepared by acid catalyzed sol-gel method using an inorganic precursor (3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTEOS)). 26572476 1 54 theme catalyzed 186:194 arg1 method 204:209 acid catalyzed sol-gel method 181:209 acid catalyzed sol-gel method using an inorganic precursor (3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTEOS)) 181:279 Phosphorylated cellulose triacetate (CTA)/silica composite adsorbent was prepared by acid catalyzed sol-gel method using an inorganic precursor (3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTEOS)). 26572476 6 55 dep recovery 914:921 arg1 % 912:912 % 912:912 % 912:912 Further, about 65.5% recovery of adsorbed Ni(II) using EDTA solution was demonstrated, which suggested effective recycling of the functionalized beads would enable it to be used in the treatment of contaminated water in industry. 26572476 0 56 theme heavy 79:83 arg1 ion 91:93 heavy metal ion 79:93 heavy metal ion 79:93 Phosphorylated cellulose triacetate-silica composite adsorbent for recovery of heavy metal ion. 26572476 3 57 theme kinetic 576:582 arg1 models 584:589 different kinetic models 566:589 different kinetic models 566:589 For Ni(II) adsorption, effect of time, temperature, pH, adsorbent dose and adsorbate concentration were investigated; different kinetic models were also evaluated. 26572476 0 58 theme triacetate-silica 25:41 arg1 composite 43:51 Phosphorylated cellulose triacetate-silica composite 0:51 Phosphorylated cellulose triacetate-silica composite 0:51 Phosphorylated cellulose triacetate-silica composite adsorbent for recovery of heavy metal ion. 26572476 6 59 used used 1066:1069 arg2 it 1057:1058 it 1057:1058 it 1057:1058 Further, about 65.5% recovery of adsorbed Ni(II) using EDTA solution was demonstrated, which suggested effective recycling of the functionalized beads would enable it to be used in the treatment of contaminated water in industry. 26946262 1 0 with scaffold 256:263 arg1 GAGs 314:317 GAGs 314:317 GAGs 314:317 Fortifying the scaffold with bioactive molecules and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), is an efficient way to design new generation tissue engineered biomaterials. 26946262 1 0 with scaffold 256:263 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 294:311 glycosaminoglycans 294:311 glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 294:318 Fortifying the scaffold with bioactive molecules and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), is an efficient way to design new generation tissue engineered biomaterials. 26946262 1 0 with scaffold 256:263 arg1 molecules 280:288 bioactive molecules 270:288 bioactive molecules 270:288 Fortifying the scaffold with bioactive molecules and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), is an efficient way to design new generation tissue engineered biomaterials. 26946262 8 1 theme healing 1680:1686 arg1 process 1688:1694 the skin regeneration and wound healing process 1648:1694 the skin regeneration and wound healing process 1648:1694 Findings of this study will foster the progress of current skin tissue engineering scaffolds by understanding the skin regeneration and wound healing process. 26946262 3 2 theme quaternary 776:785 arg1 salts 796:800 quaternary ammonium salts 776:800 quaternary ammonium salts 776:800 Cationic gelatin is prepared with one step novel synthesis process by grafting quaternary ammonium salts to the backbone of gelatin. 26946262 2 3 theme epithelial 677:686 arg1 lineage 688:694 epithelial lineage 677:694 epithelial lineage 677:694 In this study, we evaluated the synergistic effect of electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) loaded with sericin and, contact co-culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs)-keratinocytes on hMSCs' differentiation towards epithelial lineage. 26946262 7 4 theme expression 1481:1490 arg1 terms 1398:1402 terms 1398:1402 terms of several protein markers (keratin 14, ΔNp63α and Pan-cytokeratin) and gene expression of some dermal proteins (keratin 14, ΔNp63α) 1398:1535 After 5 days of contact co-culture, results revealed that electrospun scaffold containing sericin promote epithelial differentiation of hMSC in terms of several protein markers (keratin 14, ΔNp63α and Pan-cytokeratin) and gene expression of some dermal proteins (keratin 14, ΔNp63α). 26946262 2 5 theme mesenchymal 598:608 arg1 cells 615:619 human mesenchymal stem cells 592:619 human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 592:627 In this study, we evaluated the synergistic effect of electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) loaded with sericin and, contact co-culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs)-keratinocytes on hMSCs' differentiation towards epithelial lineage. 26946262 2 5 theme mesenchymal 598:608 arg1 hMSCs 622:626 hMSCs 622:626 hMSCs 622:626 In this study, we evaluated the synergistic effect of electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) loaded with sericin and, contact co-culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs)-keratinocytes on hMSCs' differentiation towards epithelial lineage. 26946262 7 6 dep markers 1423:1429 arg1 Pan-cytokeratin 1455:1469 Pan-cytokeratin 1455:1469 Pan-cytokeratin 1455:1469 After 5 days of contact co-culture, results revealed that electrospun scaffold containing sericin promote epithelial differentiation of hMSC in terms of several protein markers (keratin 14, ΔNp63α and Pan-cytokeratin) and gene expression of some dermal proteins (keratin 14, ΔNp63α). 26946262 7 6 dep markers 1423:1429 arg1 keratin 1432:1438 keratin 14 1432:1441 keratin 14 1432:1441 After 5 days of contact co-culture, results revealed that electrospun scaffold containing sericin promote epithelial differentiation of hMSC in terms of several protein markers (keratin 14, ΔNp63α and Pan-cytokeratin) and gene expression of some dermal proteins (keratin 14, ΔNp63α). 26946262 7 6 dep markers 1423:1429 arg1 ΔNp63α 1444:1449 ΔNp63α 1444:1449 ΔNp63α 1444:1449 After 5 days of contact co-culture, results revealed that electrospun scaffold containing sericin promote epithelial differentiation of hMSC in terms of several protein markers (keratin 14, ΔNp63α and Pan-cytokeratin) and gene expression of some dermal proteins (keratin 14, ΔNp63α). 26946262 7 6 dep markers 1423:1429 arg1 markers 1423:1429 several protein markers 1407:1429 several protein markers (keratin 14, ΔNp63α and Pan-cytokeratin) 1407:1470 After 5 days of contact co-culture, results revealed that electrospun scaffold containing sericin promote epithelial differentiation of hMSC in terms of several protein markers (keratin 14, ΔNp63α and Pan-cytokeratin) and gene expression of some dermal proteins (keratin 14, ΔNp63α). 26946262 0 7 theme gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin 137:166 arg1 sulfate 168:174 cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate 128:174 cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate 128:174 Co-cultivation of keratinocyte-human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) on sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) stimulates epithelial differentiation in hMSCs: In vitro study. 26946262 0 7 theme gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin 137:166 arg1 scaffold 118:125 sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold 69:125 sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) 69:175 Co-cultivation of keratinocyte-human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) on sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) stimulates epithelial differentiation in hMSCs: In vitro study. 26946262 2 8 theme cells 615:619 arg1 co-culture 578:587 contact co-culture 570:587 contact co-culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 570:627 In this study, we evaluated the synergistic effect of electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) loaded with sericin and, contact co-culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs)-keratinocytes on hMSCs' differentiation towards epithelial lineage. 26946262 0 9 theme epithelial 188:197 arg1 differentiation 199:213 epithelial differentiation 188:213 epithelial differentiation 188:213 Co-cultivation of keratinocyte-human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) on sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) stimulates epithelial differentiation in hMSCs: In vitro study. 26946262 5 10 theme scaffold 996:1003 arg1 biocompatibility 960:975 In vitro biocompatibility 951:975 In vitro biocompatibility of the electrospun scaffold 951:1003 In vitro biocompatibility of the electrospun scaffold was evaluated in terms of LDH and DNA quantification assay on human foreskin fibroblast, human keratinocyte and hMSC. 26946262 7 11 theme protein 1415:1421 arg1 Pan-cytokeratin 1455:1469 Pan-cytokeratin 1455:1469 Pan-cytokeratin 1455:1469 After 5 days of contact co-culture, results revealed that electrospun scaffold containing sericin promote epithelial differentiation of hMSC in terms of several protein markers (keratin 14, ΔNp63α and Pan-cytokeratin) and gene expression of some dermal proteins (keratin 14, ΔNp63α). 26946262 7 11 theme protein 1415:1421 arg1 keratin 1432:1438 keratin 14 1432:1441 keratin 14 1432:1441 After 5 days of contact co-culture, results revealed that electrospun scaffold containing sericin promote epithelial differentiation of hMSC in terms of several protein markers (keratin 14, ΔNp63α and Pan-cytokeratin) and gene expression of some dermal proteins (keratin 14, ΔNp63α). 26946262 7 11 theme protein 1415:1421 arg1 ΔNp63α 1444:1449 ΔNp63α 1444:1449 ΔNp63α 1444:1449 After 5 days of contact co-culture, results revealed that electrospun scaffold containing sericin promote epithelial differentiation of hMSC in terms of several protein markers (keratin 14, ΔNp63α and Pan-cytokeratin) and gene expression of some dermal proteins (keratin 14, ΔNp63α). 26946262 7 11 theme protein 1415:1421 arg1 markers 1423:1429 several protein markers 1407:1429 several protein markers (keratin 14, ΔNp63α and Pan-cytokeratin) 1407:1470 After 5 days of contact co-culture, results revealed that electrospun scaffold containing sericin promote epithelial differentiation of hMSC in terms of several protein markers (keratin 14, ΔNp63α and Pan-cytokeratin) and gene expression of some dermal proteins (keratin 14, ΔNp63α). 26946262 5 12 theme In 951:952 arg1 biocompatibility 960:975 In vitro biocompatibility 951:975 In vitro biocompatibility of the electrospun scaffold 951:1003 In vitro biocompatibility of the electrospun scaffold was evaluated in terms of LDH and DNA quantification assay on human foreskin fibroblast, human keratinocyte and hMSC. 26946262 0 13 theme sericin 69:75 arg1 sulfate 168:174 cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate 128:174 cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate 128:174 Co-cultivation of keratinocyte-human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) on sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) stimulates epithelial differentiation in hMSCs: In vitro study. 26946262 0 13 theme sericin 69:75 arg1 scaffold 118:125 sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold 69:125 sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) 69:175 Co-cultivation of keratinocyte-human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) on sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) stimulates epithelial differentiation in hMSCs: In vitro study. 26946262 1 14 theme generation 355:364 arg1 tissue 366:371 new generation tissue 351:371 new generation tissue engineered biomaterials 351:395 Fortifying the scaffold with bioactive molecules and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), is an efficient way to design new generation tissue engineered biomaterials. 26946262 2 15 theme contact 570:576 arg1 co-culture 578:587 contact co-culture 570:587 contact co-culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 570:627 In this study, we evaluated the synergistic effect of electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) loaded with sericin and, contact co-culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs)-keratinocytes on hMSCs' differentiation towards epithelial lineage. 26946262 0 16 from Co-cultivation 0:13 arg1 sulfate 168:174 cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate 128:174 cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate 128:174 Co-cultivation of keratinocyte-human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) on sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) stimulates epithelial differentiation in hMSCs: In vitro study. 26946262 0 16 from Co-cultivation 0:13 arg1 scaffold 118:125 sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold 69:125 sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) 69:175 Co-cultivation of keratinocyte-human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) on sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) stimulates epithelial differentiation in hMSCs: In vitro study. 26946262 0 17 theme electrospun 84:94 arg1 sulfate 168:174 cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate 128:174 cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate 128:174 Co-cultivation of keratinocyte-human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) on sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) stimulates epithelial differentiation in hMSCs: In vitro study. 26946262 0 17 theme electrospun 84:94 arg1 scaffold 118:125 sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold 69:125 sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) 69:175 Co-cultivation of keratinocyte-human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) on sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) stimulates epithelial differentiation in hMSCs: In vitro study. 26946262 1 18 theme engineered 373:382 arg1 biomaterials 384:395 new generation tissue engineered biomaterials 351:395 new generation tissue engineered biomaterials 351:395 Fortifying the scaffold with bioactive molecules and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), is an efficient way to design new generation tissue engineered biomaterials. 26946262 5 19 theme LDH 1031:1033 arg1 terms 1022:1026 terms 1022:1026 terms of LDH and DNA quantification assay 1022:1062 In vitro biocompatibility of the electrospun scaffold was evaluated in terms of LDH and DNA quantification assay on human foreskin fibroblast, human keratinocyte and hMSC. 26946262 4 20 theme Release 830:836 arg1 studies 847:853 Release kinetics studies 830:853 Release kinetics studies 830:853 Release kinetics studies showed that Fickian diffusion is the major release mechanism for both GAGs and sericin/gelatin. 26946262 0 21 theme composite 108:116 arg1 sulfate 168:174 cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate 128:174 cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate 128:174 Co-cultivation of keratinocyte-human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) on sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) stimulates epithelial differentiation in hMSCs: In vitro study. 26946262 0 21 theme composite 108:116 arg1 scaffold 118:125 sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold 69:125 sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) 69:175 Co-cultivation of keratinocyte-human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) on sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) stimulates epithelial differentiation in hMSCs: In vitro study. 26946262 5 22 theme DNA 1039:1041 arg1 assay 1058:1062 DNA quantification assay 1039:1062 DNA quantification assay 1039:1062 In vitro biocompatibility of the electrospun scaffold was evaluated in terms of LDH and DNA quantification assay on human foreskin fibroblast, human keratinocyte and hMSC. 26946262 7 23 theme several 1407:1413 arg1 Pan-cytokeratin 1455:1469 Pan-cytokeratin 1455:1469 Pan-cytokeratin 1455:1469 After 5 days of contact co-culture, results revealed that electrospun scaffold containing sericin promote epithelial differentiation of hMSC in terms of several protein markers (keratin 14, ΔNp63α and Pan-cytokeratin) and gene expression of some dermal proteins (keratin 14, ΔNp63α). 26946262 7 23 theme several 1407:1413 arg1 keratin 1432:1438 keratin 14 1432:1441 keratin 14 1432:1441 After 5 days of contact co-culture, results revealed that electrospun scaffold containing sericin promote epithelial differentiation of hMSC in terms of several protein markers (keratin 14, ΔNp63α and Pan-cytokeratin) and gene expression of some dermal proteins (keratin 14, ΔNp63α). 26946262 7 23 theme several 1407:1413 arg1 ΔNp63α 1444:1449 ΔNp63α 1444:1449 ΔNp63α 1444:1449 After 5 days of contact co-culture, results revealed that electrospun scaffold containing sericin promote epithelial differentiation of hMSC in terms of several protein markers (keratin 14, ΔNp63α and Pan-cytokeratin) and gene expression of some dermal proteins (keratin 14, ΔNp63α). 26946262 7 23 theme several 1407:1413 arg1 markers 1423:1429 several protein markers 1407:1429 several protein markers (keratin 14, ΔNp63α and Pan-cytokeratin) 1407:1470 After 5 days of contact co-culture, results revealed that electrospun scaffold containing sericin promote epithelial differentiation of hMSC in terms of several protein markers (keratin 14, ΔNp63α and Pan-cytokeratin) and gene expression of some dermal proteins (keratin 14, ΔNp63α). 26946262 2 24 theme composite 476:484 arg1 sulfate 536:542 cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate 496:542 cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate 496:542 In this study, we evaluated the synergistic effect of electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) loaded with sericin and, contact co-culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs)-keratinocytes on hMSCs' differentiation towards epithelial lineage. 26946262 2 24 theme composite 476:484 arg1 scaffold 486:493 electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold 452:493 electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) loaded with sericin 452:563 In this study, we evaluated the synergistic effect of electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) loaded with sericin and, contact co-culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs)-keratinocytes on hMSCs' differentiation towards epithelial lineage. 26946262 3 25 dep step 735:738 arg1 process 756:762 novel synthesis process 740:762 one step novel synthesis process 731:762 Cationic gelatin is prepared with one step novel synthesis process by grafting quaternary ammonium salts to the backbone of gelatin. 26946262 4 26 theme release 898:904 arg1 mechanism 906:914 the major release mechanism 888:914 the major release mechanism for both GAGs and sericin/gelatin 888:948 Release kinetics studies showed that Fickian diffusion is the major release mechanism for both GAGs and sericin/gelatin. 26946262 4 26 theme release 898:904 arg1 diffusion 875:883 Fickian diffusion 867:883 Fickian diffusion 867:883 Release kinetics studies showed that Fickian diffusion is the major release mechanism for both GAGs and sericin/gelatin. 26946262 6 27 theme Significant 1123:1133 arg1 proliferation 1135:1147 Significant proliferation 1123:1147 Significant proliferation (∼ 4-6 fold) 1123:1160 Significant proliferation (∼ 4-6 fold) was detected after culturing all three cell on the electrospun scaffold containing sericin. 26946262 6 27 theme Significant 1123:1133 arg1 fold 1156:1159 ∼ 4-6 fold 1150:1159 ∼ 4-6 fold 1150:1159 Significant proliferation (∼ 4-6 fold) was detected after culturing all three cell on the electrospun scaffold containing sericin. 26946262 2 28 theme electrospun 452:462 arg1 sulfate 536:542 cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate 496:542 cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate 496:542 In this study, we evaluated the synergistic effect of electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) loaded with sericin and, contact co-culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs)-keratinocytes on hMSCs' differentiation towards epithelial lineage. 26946262 2 28 theme electrospun 452:462 arg1 scaffold 486:493 electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold 452:493 electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) loaded with sericin 452:563 In this study, we evaluated the synergistic effect of electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) loaded with sericin and, contact co-culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs)-keratinocytes on hMSCs' differentiation towards epithelial lineage. 26946262 0 29 theme keratinocyte-human 18:35 arg1 cell 54:57 keratinocyte-human mesenchymal stem cell 18:57 keratinocyte-human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) 18:64 Co-cultivation of keratinocyte-human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) on sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) stimulates epithelial differentiation in hMSCs: In vitro study. 26946262 0 29 theme keratinocyte-human 18:35 arg1 hMSC 60:63 hMSC 60:63 hMSC 60:63 Co-cultivation of keratinocyte-human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) on sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) stimulates epithelial differentiation in hMSCs: In vitro study. 26946262 7 30 theme hMSC 1390:1393 arg1 differentiation 1371:1385 epithelial differentiation 1360:1385 epithelial differentiation of hMSC in terms of several protein markers (keratin 14, ΔNp63α and Pan-cytokeratin) and gene expression of some dermal proteins (keratin 14, ΔNp63α) 1360:1535 After 5 days of contact co-culture, results revealed that electrospun scaffold containing sericin promote epithelial differentiation of hMSC in terms of several protein markers (keratin 14, ΔNp63α and Pan-cytokeratin) and gene expression of some dermal proteins (keratin 14, ΔNp63α). 26946262 2 31 theme gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin 505:534 arg1 sulfate 536:542 cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate 496:542 cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate 496:542 In this study, we evaluated the synergistic effect of electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) loaded with sericin and, contact co-culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs)-keratinocytes on hMSCs' differentiation towards epithelial lineage. 26946262 2 31 theme gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin 505:534 arg1 scaffold 486:493 electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold 452:493 electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) loaded with sericin 452:563 In this study, we evaluated the synergistic effect of electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) loaded with sericin and, contact co-culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs)-keratinocytes on hMSCs' differentiation towards epithelial lineage. 26946262 8 32 theme skin 1597:1600 arg1 scaffolds 1621:1629 current skin tissue engineering scaffolds 1589:1629 current skin tissue engineering scaffolds 1589:1629 Findings of this study will foster the progress of current skin tissue engineering scaffolds by understanding the skin regeneration and wound healing process. 26946262 0 33 theme stem 49:52 arg1 cell 54:57 keratinocyte-human mesenchymal stem cell 18:57 keratinocyte-human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) 18:64 Co-cultivation of keratinocyte-human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) on sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) stimulates epithelial differentiation in hMSCs: In vitro study. 26946262 0 33 theme stem 49:52 arg1 hMSC 60:63 hMSC 60:63 hMSC 60:63 Co-cultivation of keratinocyte-human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) on sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) stimulates epithelial differentiation in hMSCs: In vitro study. 26946262 8 34 theme engineering 1609:1619 arg1 scaffolds 1621:1629 current skin tissue engineering scaffolds 1589:1629 current skin tissue engineering scaffolds 1589:1629 Findings of this study will foster the progress of current skin tissue engineering scaffolds by understanding the skin regeneration and wound healing process. 26946262 7 35 dep keratin 1517:1523 arg1 ΔNp63α 1529:1534 ΔNp63α 1529:1534 ΔNp63α 1529:1534 After 5 days of contact co-culture, results revealed that electrospun scaffold containing sericin promote epithelial differentiation of hMSC in terms of several protein markers (keratin 14, ΔNp63α and Pan-cytokeratin) and gene expression of some dermal proteins (keratin 14, ΔNp63α). 26946262 5 36 theme human 1094:1098 arg1 fibroblast 1082:1091 human foreskin fibroblast 1067:1091 human foreskin fibroblast 1067:1091 In vitro biocompatibility of the electrospun scaffold was evaluated in terms of LDH and DNA quantification assay on human foreskin fibroblast, human keratinocyte and hMSC. 26946262 5 36 theme human 1094:1098 arg1 keratinocyte 1100:1111 human keratinocyte 1094:1111 human keratinocyte 1094:1111 In vitro biocompatibility of the electrospun scaffold was evaluated in terms of LDH and DNA quantification assay on human foreskin fibroblast, human keratinocyte and hMSC. 26946262 2 37 dep evaluated 416:424 arg1 -keratinocytes 628:641 -keratinocytes 628:641 -keratinocytes on hMSCs' differentiation towards epithelial lineage 628:694 In this study, we evaluated the synergistic effect of electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) loaded with sericin and, contact co-culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs)-keratinocytes on hMSCs' differentiation towards epithelial lineage. 26946262 5 38 theme assay 1058:1062 arg1 terms 1022:1026 terms 1022:1026 terms of LDH and DNA quantification assay 1022:1062 In vitro biocompatibility of the electrospun scaffold was evaluated in terms of LDH and DNA quantification assay on human foreskin fibroblast, human keratinocyte and hMSC. 26946262 5 39 theme human 1067:1071 arg1 hMSC 1117:1120 hMSC 1117:1120 hMSC 1117:1120 In vitro biocompatibility of the electrospun scaffold was evaluated in terms of LDH and DNA quantification assay on human foreskin fibroblast, human keratinocyte and hMSC. 26946262 5 39 theme human 1067:1071 arg1 fibroblast 1082:1091 human foreskin fibroblast 1067:1091 human foreskin fibroblast 1067:1091 In vitro biocompatibility of the electrospun scaffold was evaluated in terms of LDH and DNA quantification assay on human foreskin fibroblast, human keratinocyte and hMSC. 26946262 5 39 theme human 1067:1071 arg1 keratinocyte 1100:1111 human keratinocyte 1094:1111 human keratinocyte 1094:1111 In vitro biocompatibility of the electrospun scaffold was evaluated in terms of LDH and DNA quantification assay on human foreskin fibroblast, human keratinocyte and hMSC. 26946262 7 40 theme electrospun 1312:1322 arg1 scaffold 1324:1331 electrospun scaffold 1312:1331 electrospun scaffold containing sericin 1312:1350 After 5 days of contact co-culture, results revealed that electrospun scaffold containing sericin promote epithelial differentiation of hMSC in terms of several protein markers (keratin 14, ΔNp63α and Pan-cytokeratin) and gene expression of some dermal proteins (keratin 14, ΔNp63α). 26946262 8 41 theme regeneration 1657:1668 arg1 process 1688:1694 the skin regeneration and wound healing process 1648:1694 the skin regeneration and wound healing process 1648:1694 Findings of this study will foster the progress of current skin tissue engineering scaffolds by understanding the skin regeneration and wound healing process. 26946262 8 42 theme wound 1674:1678 arg1 healing 1680:1686 the skin regeneration and wound healing 1648:1686 healing 1680:1686 Findings of this study will foster the progress of current skin tissue engineering scaffolds by understanding the skin regeneration and wound healing process. 26946262 3 43 theme novel 740:744 arg1 process 756:762 novel synthesis process 740:762 one step novel synthesis process 731:762 Cationic gelatin is prepared with one step novel synthesis process by grafting quaternary ammonium salts to the backbone of gelatin. 26946262 0 44 theme In 225:226 arg1 study 234:238 In vitro study 225:238 hMSCs: In vitro study 218:238 Co-cultivation of keratinocyte-human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) on sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) stimulates epithelial differentiation in hMSCs: In vitro study. 26946262 7 45 theme dermal 1500:1505 arg1 keratin 1517:1523 keratin 14 1517:1526 keratin 14 1517:1526 After 5 days of contact co-culture, results revealed that electrospun scaffold containing sericin promote epithelial differentiation of hMSC in terms of several protein markers (keratin 14, ΔNp63α and Pan-cytokeratin) and gene expression of some dermal proteins (keratin 14, ΔNp63α). 26946262 7 45 theme dermal 1500:1505 arg1 proteins 1507:1514 some dermal proteins 1495:1514 some dermal proteins (keratin 14, ΔNp63α) 1495:1535 After 5 days of contact co-culture, results revealed that electrospun scaffold containing sericin promote epithelial differentiation of hMSC in terms of several protein markers (keratin 14, ΔNp63α and Pan-cytokeratin) and gene expression of some dermal proteins (keratin 14, ΔNp63α). 26946262 3 46 theme ammonium 787:794 arg1 salts 796:800 quaternary ammonium salts 776:800 quaternary ammonium salts 776:800 Cationic gelatin is prepared with one step novel synthesis process by grafting quaternary ammonium salts to the backbone of gelatin. 26946262 7 47 theme proteins 1507:1514 arg1 Pan-cytokeratin 1455:1469 Pan-cytokeratin 1455:1469 Pan-cytokeratin 1455:1469 After 5 days of contact co-culture, results revealed that electrospun scaffold containing sericin promote epithelial differentiation of hMSC in terms of several protein markers (keratin 14, ΔNp63α and Pan-cytokeratin) and gene expression of some dermal proteins (keratin 14, ΔNp63α). 26946262 7 47 theme proteins 1507:1514 arg1 keratin 1432:1438 keratin 14 1432:1441 keratin 14 1432:1441 After 5 days of contact co-culture, results revealed that electrospun scaffold containing sericin promote epithelial differentiation of hMSC in terms of several protein markers (keratin 14, ΔNp63α and Pan-cytokeratin) and gene expression of some dermal proteins (keratin 14, ΔNp63α). 26946262 7 47 theme proteins 1507:1514 arg1 ΔNp63α 1444:1449 ΔNp63α 1444:1449 ΔNp63α 1444:1449 After 5 days of contact co-culture, results revealed that electrospun scaffold containing sericin promote epithelial differentiation of hMSC in terms of several protein markers (keratin 14, ΔNp63α and Pan-cytokeratin) and gene expression of some dermal proteins (keratin 14, ΔNp63α). 26946262 7 47 theme proteins 1507:1514 arg1 markers 1423:1429 several protein markers 1407:1429 several protein markers (keratin 14, ΔNp63α and Pan-cytokeratin) 1407:1470 After 5 days of contact co-culture, results revealed that electrospun scaffold containing sericin promote epithelial differentiation of hMSC in terms of several protein markers (keratin 14, ΔNp63α and Pan-cytokeratin) and gene expression of some dermal proteins (keratin 14, ΔNp63α). 26946262 7 47 theme proteins 1507:1514 arg1 expression 1481:1490 gene expression 1476:1490 gene expression of some dermal proteins (keratin 14, ΔNp63α) 1476:1535 After 5 days of contact co-culture, results revealed that electrospun scaffold containing sericin promote epithelial differentiation of hMSC in terms of several protein markers (keratin 14, ΔNp63α and Pan-cytokeratin) and gene expression of some dermal proteins (keratin 14, ΔNp63α). 26946262 4 48 theme major 892:896 arg1 mechanism 906:914 the major release mechanism 888:914 the major release mechanism for both GAGs and sericin/gelatin 888:948 Release kinetics studies showed that Fickian diffusion is the major release mechanism for both GAGs and sericin/gelatin. 26946262 4 48 theme major 892:896 arg1 diffusion 875:883 Fickian diffusion 867:883 Fickian diffusion 867:883 Release kinetics studies showed that Fickian diffusion is the major release mechanism for both GAGs and sericin/gelatin. 26946262 6 49 theme electrospun 1213:1223 arg1 scaffold 1225:1232 the electrospun scaffold 1209:1232 the electrospun scaffold containing sericin 1209:1251 Significant proliferation (∼ 4-6 fold) was detected after culturing all three cell on the electrospun scaffold containing sericin. 26946262 7 50 theme contact 1270:1276 arg1 co-culture 1278:1287 contact co-culture 1270:1287 contact co-culture 1270:1287 After 5 days of contact co-culture, results revealed that electrospun scaffold containing sericin promote epithelial differentiation of hMSC in terms of several protein markers (keratin 14, ΔNp63α and Pan-cytokeratin) and gene expression of some dermal proteins (keratin 14, ΔNp63α). 26946262 7 51 theme gene 1476:1479 arg1 expression 1481:1490 gene expression 1476:1490 gene expression of some dermal proteins (keratin 14, ΔNp63α) 1476:1535 After 5 days of contact co-culture, results revealed that electrospun scaffold containing sericin promote epithelial differentiation of hMSC in terms of several protein markers (keratin 14, ΔNp63α and Pan-cytokeratin) and gene expression of some dermal proteins (keratin 14, ΔNp63α). 26946262 0 52 theme cationic 128:135 arg1 sulfate 168:174 cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate 128:174 cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate 128:174 Co-cultivation of keratinocyte-human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) on sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) stimulates epithelial differentiation in hMSCs: In vitro study. 26946262 0 52 theme cationic 128:135 arg1 scaffold 118:125 sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold 69:125 sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) 69:175 Co-cultivation of keratinocyte-human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) on sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) stimulates epithelial differentiation in hMSCs: In vitro study. 26946262 0 53 dep In 225:226 arg1 vitro 228:232 vitro 228:232 vitro 228:232 Co-cultivation of keratinocyte-human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) on sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) stimulates epithelial differentiation in hMSCs: In vitro study. 26946262 2 54 theme human 592:596 arg1 cells 615:619 human mesenchymal stem cells 592:619 human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 592:627 In this study, we evaluated the synergistic effect of electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) loaded with sericin and, contact co-culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs)-keratinocytes on hMSCs' differentiation towards epithelial lineage. 26946262 2 54 theme human 592:596 arg1 hMSCs 622:626 hMSCs 622:626 hMSCs 622:626 In this study, we evaluated the synergistic effect of electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) loaded with sericin and, contact co-culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs)-keratinocytes on hMSCs' differentiation towards epithelial lineage. 26946262 0 55 dep hMSCs 218:222 arg1 study 234:238 In vitro study 225:238 hMSCs: In vitro study 218:238 Co-cultivation of keratinocyte-human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) on sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) stimulates epithelial differentiation in hMSCs: In vitro study. 26946262 3 56 theme gelatin 821:827 arg1 backbone 809:816 the backbone 805:816 the backbone of gelatin 805:827 Cationic gelatin is prepared with one step novel synthesis process by grafting quaternary ammonium salts to the backbone of gelatin. 26946262 5 57 theme electrospun 984:994 arg1 scaffold 996:1003 the electrospun scaffold 980:1003 the electrospun scaffold 980:1003 In vitro biocompatibility of the electrospun scaffold was evaluated in terms of LDH and DNA quantification assay on human foreskin fibroblast, human keratinocyte and hMSC. 26946262 2 58 theme stem 610:613 arg1 cells 615:619 human mesenchymal stem cells 592:619 human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 592:627 In this study, we evaluated the synergistic effect of electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) loaded with sericin and, contact co-culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs)-keratinocytes on hMSCs' differentiation towards epithelial lineage. 26946262 2 58 theme stem 610:613 arg1 hMSCs 622:626 hMSCs 622:626 hMSCs 622:626 In this study, we evaluated the synergistic effect of electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) loaded with sericin and, contact co-culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs)-keratinocytes on hMSCs' differentiation towards epithelial lineage. 26946262 7 59 theme co-culture 1278:1287 arg1 days 1262:1265 5 days 1260:1265 5 days of contact co-culture 1260:1287 After 5 days of contact co-culture, results revealed that electrospun scaffold containing sericin promote epithelial differentiation of hMSC in terms of several protein markers (keratin 14, ΔNp63α and Pan-cytokeratin) and gene expression of some dermal proteins (keratin 14, ΔNp63α). 26946262 7 60 theme markers 1423:1429 arg1 terms 1398:1402 terms 1398:1402 terms of several protein markers (keratin 14, ΔNp63α and Pan-cytokeratin) and gene expression of some dermal proteins (keratin 14, ΔNp63α) 1398:1535 After 5 days of contact co-culture, results revealed that electrospun scaffold containing sericin promote epithelial differentiation of hMSC in terms of several protein markers (keratin 14, ΔNp63α and Pan-cytokeratin) and gene expression of some dermal proteins (keratin 14, ΔNp63α). 26946262 0 61 theme loaded 77:82 arg1 sulfate 168:174 cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate 128:174 cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate 128:174 Co-cultivation of keratinocyte-human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) on sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) stimulates epithelial differentiation in hMSCs: In vitro study. 26946262 0 61 theme loaded 77:82 arg1 scaffold 118:125 sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold 69:125 sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) 69:175 Co-cultivation of keratinocyte-human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) on sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) stimulates epithelial differentiation in hMSCs: In vitro study. 26946262 1 62 theme new 351:353 arg1 tissue 366:371 new generation tissue 351:371 new generation tissue engineered biomaterials 351:395 Fortifying the scaffold with bioactive molecules and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), is an efficient way to design new generation tissue engineered biomaterials. 26946262 7 63 contain containing 1333:1342 arg2 sericin 1344:1350 sericin 1344:1350 sericin 1344:1350 After 5 days of contact co-culture, results revealed that electrospun scaffold containing sericin promote epithelial differentiation of hMSC in terms of several protein markers (keratin 14, ΔNp63α and Pan-cytokeratin) and gene expression of some dermal proteins (keratin 14, ΔNp63α). 26946262 7 63 contain containing 1333:1342 arg1 scaffold 1324:1331 electrospun scaffold 1312:1331 electrospun scaffold containing sericin 1312:1350 After 5 days of contact co-culture, results revealed that electrospun scaffold containing sericin promote epithelial differentiation of hMSC in terms of several protein markers (keratin 14, ΔNp63α and Pan-cytokeratin) and gene expression of some dermal proteins (keratin 14, ΔNp63α). 26946262 8 64 theme study 1555:1559 arg1 Findings 1538:1545 Findings 1538:1545 Findings of this study 1538:1559 Findings of this study will foster the progress of current skin tissue engineering scaffolds by understanding the skin regeneration and wound healing process. 26946262 0 65 theme nanofibrous 96:106 arg1 sulfate 168:174 cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate 128:174 cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate 128:174 Co-cultivation of keratinocyte-human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) on sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) stimulates epithelial differentiation in hMSCs: In vitro study. 26946262 0 65 theme nanofibrous 96:106 arg1 scaffold 118:125 sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold 69:125 sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) 69:175 Co-cultivation of keratinocyte-human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) on sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) stimulates epithelial differentiation in hMSCs: In vitro study. 26946262 1 66 theme tissue 366:371 arg1 biomaterials 384:395 new generation tissue engineered biomaterials 351:395 new generation tissue engineered biomaterials 351:395 Fortifying the scaffold with bioactive molecules and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), is an efficient way to design new generation tissue engineered biomaterials. 26946262 1 67 dep way 337:339 arg1 Fortifying 241:250 Fortifying 241:250 Fortifying the scaffold with bioactive molecules and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 241:318 Fortifying the scaffold with bioactive molecules and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), is an efficient way to design new generation tissue engineered biomaterials. 26946262 6 68 theme ∼ 1150:1150 arg1 proliferation 1135:1147 Significant proliferation 1123:1147 Significant proliferation (∼ 4-6 fold) 1123:1160 Significant proliferation (∼ 4-6 fold) was detected after culturing all three cell on the electrospun scaffold containing sericin. 26946262 6 68 theme ∼ 1150:1150 arg1 fold 1156:1159 ∼ 4-6 fold 1150:1159 ∼ 4-6 fold 1150:1159 Significant proliferation (∼ 4-6 fold) was detected after culturing all three cell on the electrospun scaffold containing sericin. 26946262 2 69 theme nanofibrous 464:474 arg1 sulfate 536:542 cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate 496:542 cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate 496:542 In this study, we evaluated the synergistic effect of electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) loaded with sericin and, contact co-culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs)-keratinocytes on hMSCs' differentiation towards epithelial lineage. 26946262 2 69 theme nanofibrous 464:474 arg1 scaffold 486:493 electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold 452:493 electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) loaded with sericin 452:563 In this study, we evaluated the synergistic effect of electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) loaded with sericin and, contact co-culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs)-keratinocytes on hMSCs' differentiation towards epithelial lineage. 26946262 8 70 theme current 1589:1595 arg1 scaffolds 1621:1629 current skin tissue engineering scaffolds 1589:1629 current skin tissue engineering scaffolds 1589:1629 Findings of this study will foster the progress of current skin tissue engineering scaffolds by understanding the skin regeneration and wound healing process. 26946262 0 71 theme mesenchymal 37:47 arg1 cell 54:57 keratinocyte-human mesenchymal stem cell 18:57 keratinocyte-human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) 18:64 Co-cultivation of keratinocyte-human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) on sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) stimulates epithelial differentiation in hMSCs: In vitro study. 26946262 0 71 theme mesenchymal 37:47 arg1 hMSC 60:63 hMSC 60:63 hMSC 60:63 Co-cultivation of keratinocyte-human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) on sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) stimulates epithelial differentiation in hMSCs: In vitro study. 26946262 8 72 theme tissue 1602:1607 arg1 scaffolds 1621:1629 current skin tissue engineering scaffolds 1589:1629 current skin tissue engineering scaffolds 1589:1629 Findings of this study will foster the progress of current skin tissue engineering scaffolds by understanding the skin regeneration and wound healing process. 26946262 3 73 theme Cationic 697:704 arg1 gelatin 706:712 Cationic gelatin 697:712 Cationic gelatin 697:712 Cationic gelatin is prepared with one step novel synthesis process by grafting quaternary ammonium salts to the backbone of gelatin. 26946262 5 74 dep In 951:952 arg1 vitro 954:958 vitro 954:958 vitro 954:958 In vitro biocompatibility of the electrospun scaffold was evaluated in terms of LDH and DNA quantification assay on human foreskin fibroblast, human keratinocyte and hMSC. 26946262 2 75 theme synergistic 430:440 arg1 effect 442:447 the synergistic effect 426:447 the synergistic effect of electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) loaded with sericin 426:563 In this study, we evaluated the synergistic effect of electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) loaded with sericin and, contact co-culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs)-keratinocytes on hMSCs' differentiation towards epithelial lineage. 26946262 0 76 theme cell 54:57 arg1 Co-cultivation 0:13 Co-cultivation 0:13 Co-cultivation of keratinocyte-human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) on sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) 0:175 Co-cultivation of keratinocyte-human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) on sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) stimulates epithelial differentiation in hMSCs: In vitro study. 26946262 5 77 theme foreskin 1073:1080 arg1 hMSC 1117:1120 hMSC 1117:1120 hMSC 1117:1120 In vitro biocompatibility of the electrospun scaffold was evaluated in terms of LDH and DNA quantification assay on human foreskin fibroblast, human keratinocyte and hMSC. 26946262 5 77 theme foreskin 1073:1080 arg1 fibroblast 1082:1091 human foreskin fibroblast 1067:1091 human foreskin fibroblast 1067:1091 In vitro biocompatibility of the electrospun scaffold was evaluated in terms of LDH and DNA quantification assay on human foreskin fibroblast, human keratinocyte and hMSC. 26946262 5 77 theme foreskin 1073:1080 arg1 keratinocyte 1100:1111 human keratinocyte 1094:1111 human keratinocyte 1094:1111 In vitro biocompatibility of the electrospun scaffold was evaluated in terms of LDH and DNA quantification assay on human foreskin fibroblast, human keratinocyte and hMSC. 26946262 7 78 theme epithelial 1360:1369 arg1 differentiation 1371:1385 epithelial differentiation 1360:1385 epithelial differentiation of hMSC in terms of several protein markers (keratin 14, ΔNp63α and Pan-cytokeratin) and gene expression of some dermal proteins (keratin 14, ΔNp63α) 1360:1535 After 5 days of contact co-culture, results revealed that electrospun scaffold containing sericin promote epithelial differentiation of hMSC in terms of several protein markers (keratin 14, ΔNp63α and Pan-cytokeratin) and gene expression of some dermal proteins (keratin 14, ΔNp63α). 26946262 2 79 theme cationic 496:503 arg1 sulfate 536:542 cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate 496:542 cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate 496:542 In this study, we evaluated the synergistic effect of electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) loaded with sericin and, contact co-culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs)-keratinocytes on hMSCs' differentiation towards epithelial lineage. 26946262 2 79 theme cationic 496:503 arg1 scaffold 486:493 electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold 452:493 electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) loaded with sericin 452:563 In this study, we evaluated the synergistic effect of electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) loaded with sericin and, contact co-culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs)-keratinocytes on hMSCs' differentiation towards epithelial lineage. 26946262 8 80 theme scaffolds 1621:1629 arg1 progress 1577:1584 the progress 1573:1584 the progress of current skin tissue engineering scaffolds 1573:1629 Findings of this study will foster the progress of current skin tissue engineering scaffolds by understanding the skin regeneration and wound healing process. 26946262 4 81 theme Fickian 867:873 arg1 mechanism 906:914 the major release mechanism 888:914 the major release mechanism for both GAGs and sericin/gelatin 888:948 Release kinetics studies showed that Fickian diffusion is the major release mechanism for both GAGs and sericin/gelatin. 26946262 4 81 theme Fickian 867:873 arg1 diffusion 875:883 Fickian diffusion 867:883 Fickian diffusion 867:883 Release kinetics studies showed that Fickian diffusion is the major release mechanism for both GAGs and sericin/gelatin. 26946262 1 82 theme efficient 327:335 arg1 way 337:339 an efficient way 324:339 an efficient way to design new generation tissue engineered biomaterials 324:395 Fortifying the scaffold with bioactive molecules and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), is an efficient way to design new generation tissue engineered biomaterials. 26946262 7 83 from differentiation 1371:1385 arg1 terms 1398:1402 terms 1398:1402 terms of several protein markers (keratin 14, ΔNp63α and Pan-cytokeratin) and gene expression of some dermal proteins (keratin 14, ΔNp63α) 1398:1535 After 5 days of contact co-culture, results revealed that electrospun scaffold containing sericin promote epithelial differentiation of hMSC in terms of several protein markers (keratin 14, ΔNp63α and Pan-cytokeratin) and gene expression of some dermal proteins (keratin 14, ΔNp63α). 26946262 2 84 theme scaffold 486:493 arg1 effect 442:447 the synergistic effect 426:447 the synergistic effect of electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) loaded with sericin 426:563 In this study, we evaluated the synergistic effect of electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) loaded with sericin and, contact co-culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs)-keratinocytes on hMSCs' differentiation towards epithelial lineage. 26946262 5 85 theme quantification 1043:1056 arg1 assay 1058:1062 DNA quantification assay 1039:1062 DNA quantification assay 1039:1062 In vitro biocompatibility of the electrospun scaffold was evaluated in terms of LDH and DNA quantification assay on human foreskin fibroblast, human keratinocyte and hMSC. 26946262 8 86 theme skin 1652:1655 arg1 regeneration 1657:1668 the skin regeneration and wound healing 1648:1686 regeneration 1657:1668 Findings of this study will foster the progress of current skin tissue engineering scaffolds by understanding the skin regeneration and wound healing process. 26946262 4 87 theme kinetics 838:845 arg1 studies 847:853 Release kinetics studies 830:853 Release kinetics studies 830:853 Release kinetics studies showed that Fickian diffusion is the major release mechanism for both GAGs and sericin/gelatin. 26946262 6 88 contain containing 1234:1243 arg2 sericin 1245:1251 sericin 1245:1251 sericin 1245:1251 Significant proliferation (∼ 4-6 fold) was detected after culturing all three cell on the electrospun scaffold containing sericin. 26946262 6 88 contain containing 1234:1243 arg1 scaffold 1225:1232 the electrospun scaffold 1209:1232 the electrospun scaffold containing sericin 1209:1251 Significant proliferation (∼ 4-6 fold) was detected after culturing all three cell on the electrospun scaffold containing sericin. 26946262 3 89 theme synthesis 746:754 arg1 process 756:762 novel synthesis process 740:762 one step novel synthesis process 731:762 Cationic gelatin is prepared with one step novel synthesis process by grafting quaternary ammonium salts to the backbone of gelatin. 26946262 1 90 theme bioactive 270:278 arg1 molecules 280:288 bioactive molecules 270:288 bioactive molecules 270:288 Fortifying the scaffold with bioactive molecules and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), is an efficient way to design new generation tissue engineered biomaterials. 27451771 4 0 theme all 599:601 arg1 First 590:594 First 590:594 First 590:594 First of all, SPIONs were prepared by an improved ultrasonic co-precipitation method. 27451771 2 1 theme surface 360:366 arg1 modification 368:379 surface modification 360:379 surface modification 360:379 The properties of SPIONs were generally improved by surface modification, but common modification technologies were usually conducted with multi-steps under rigid conditions. 27451771 11 2 with g/kg 1547:1550 arg1 interval 1575:1582 a 95% confidence interval 1558:1582 a 95% confidence interval ranging from 3.49 g/kg to 5.87 g/kg 1558:1618 It was observed that LD50 of c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs was 4.38 g/kg, with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 3.49 g/kg to 5.87 g/kg. 27451771 12 3 with endowed 1717:1723 arg1 capacity 1742:1749 a potential capacity 1730:1749 a potential capacity to serve as MRI contrast agents in diagnosis and treatment of the liver tumor 1730:1827 These results indicated the novel c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs had excellent biocompatibility, which was endowed with a potential capacity to serve as MRI contrast agents in diagnosis and treatment of the liver tumor. 27451771 11 4 theme 95 1560:1561 arg1 % 1562:1562 % 1562:1562 % 1562:1562 It was observed that LD50 of c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs was 4.38 g/kg, with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 3.49 g/kg to 5.87 g/kg. 27451771 9 5 theme water 1365:1369 arg1 stability 1382:1390 good water dispersion stability 1360:1390 good water dispersion stability 1360:1390 As a result, that the c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs had an average size of about 50 nm and uniform distribution, and had superparamagnetic properties, good water dispersion stability. 27451771 6 6 theme liver 870:874 arg1 cells 882:886 liver tumor cells 870:886 liver tumor cells 870:886 At last, the c(RGDyK), a biomolecule with the capacity of specific targeting capacity towards liver tumor cells, were coupled with DA on SPIONs via Mannich reaction. 27451771 12 7 theme novel 1649:1653 arg1 RGDyK 1657:1661 RGDyK 1657:1661 RGDyK 1657:1661 These results indicated the novel c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs had excellent biocompatibility, which was endowed with a potential capacity to serve as MRI contrast agents in diagnosis and treatment of the liver tumor. 27451771 12 7 theme novel 1649:1653 arg1 c 1655:1655 the novel c 1645:1655 the novel c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs 1645:1673 These results indicated the novel c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs had excellent biocompatibility, which was endowed with a potential capacity to serve as MRI contrast agents in diagnosis and treatment of the liver tumor. 27451771 3 8 theme contrast 562:569 arg1 agents 571:576 functionalized SPIONs contrast agents 540:576 functionalized SPIONs contrast agents 540:576 In this work, a facile and simple approach to synthesize functionalized SPIONs contrast agents was set up. 27451771 8 9 theme light 1154:1158 arg1 scattering 1160:1169 dynamic light scattering 1146:1169 dynamic light scattering 1146:1169 The as-synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic light scattering, magnetic hysteresis loop measuring instrument. 27451771 8 9 theme light 1154:1158 arg1 microscope 1128:1137 scanning electron microscope 1110:1137 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 1110:1143 The as-synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic light scattering, magnetic hysteresis loop measuring instrument. 27451771 6 10 theme capacity 853:860 arg1 capacity 822:829 the capacity 818:829 the capacity of specific targeting capacity towards liver tumor cells 818:886 At last, the c(RGDyK), a biomolecule with the capacity of specific targeting capacity towards liver tumor cells, were coupled with DA on SPIONs via Mannich reaction. 27451771 4 11 theme ultrasonic 640:649 arg1 method 668:673 an improved ultrasonic co-precipitation method 628:673 an improved ultrasonic co-precipitation method 628:673 First of all, SPIONs were prepared by an improved ultrasonic co-precipitation method. 27451771 1 12 theme magnetic 212:219 arg1 properties 221:230 the magnetic properties 208:230 the magnetic properties 208:230 The efficacy of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for biomedical applications depends on the magnetic properties, long time stability in biological fluids, and specific targeting capacity. 27451771 8 13 theme hysteresis 1181:1190 arg1 instrument 1207:1216 magnetic hysteresis loop measuring instrument 1172:1216 magnetic hysteresis loop measuring instrument 1172:1216 The as-synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic light scattering, magnetic hysteresis loop measuring instrument. 27451771 8 13 theme hysteresis 1181:1190 arg1 microscope 1128:1137 scanning electron microscope 1110:1137 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 1110:1143 The as-synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic light scattering, magnetic hysteresis loop measuring instrument. 27451771 1 14 from properties 221:230 arg1 fluids 267:272 biological fluids 256:272 biological fluids 256:272 The efficacy of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for biomedical applications depends on the magnetic properties, long time stability in biological fluids, and specific targeting capacity. 27451771 8 15 theme measuring 1197:1205 arg1 instrument 1207:1216 magnetic hysteresis loop measuring instrument 1172:1216 magnetic hysteresis loop measuring instrument 1172:1216 The as-synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic light scattering, magnetic hysteresis loop measuring instrument. 27451771 8 15 theme measuring 1197:1205 arg1 microscope 1128:1137 scanning electron microscope 1110:1137 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 1110:1143 The as-synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic light scattering, magnetic hysteresis loop measuring instrument. 27451771 7 16 theme composite 966:974 arg1 nanoparticles 976:988 Thus the novel magnetic composite nanoparticles 942:988 Thus the novel magnetic composite nanoparticles (abbreviated as c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs) 942:1025 Thus the novel magnetic composite nanoparticles (abbreviated as c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs) were successfully prepared. 27451771 1 17 theme iron 135:138 arg1 SPIONs 161:166 SPIONs 161:166 SPIONs 161:166 The efficacy of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for biomedical applications depends on the magnetic properties, long time stability in biological fluids, and specific targeting capacity. 27451771 1 17 theme iron 135:138 arg1 nanoparticles 146:158 superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles 117:158 superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) 117:167 The efficacy of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for biomedical applications depends on the magnetic properties, long time stability in biological fluids, and specific targeting capacity. 27451771 7 18 theme c 1006:1006 arg1 -PDA-SPIONs 1014:1024 c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs 1006:1024 c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs 1006:1024 Thus the novel magnetic composite nanoparticles (abbreviated as c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs) were successfully prepared. 27451771 7 19 theme novel 951:955 arg1 nanoparticles 976:988 Thus the novel magnetic composite nanoparticles 942:988 Thus the novel magnetic composite nanoparticles (abbreviated as c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs) 942:1025 Thus the novel magnetic composite nanoparticles (abbreviated as c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs) were successfully prepared. 27451771 1 20 theme nanoparticles 146:158 arg1 efficacy 105:112 The efficacy 101:112 The efficacy of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for biomedical applications 101:195 The efficacy of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for biomedical applications depends on the magnetic properties, long time stability in biological fluids, and specific targeting capacity. 27451771 0 21 theme Superparamagnetic 57:73 arg1 Oxide 80:84 Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide 57:84 Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide 57:84 Biomimetic Modification and In Vivo Safety Assessment of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. 27451771 9 22 theme c 1241:1241 arg1 -PDA-SPIONs 1249:1259 the c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs 1237:1259 the c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs 1237:1259 As a result, that the c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs had an average size of about 50 nm and uniform distribution, and had superparamagnetic properties, good water dispersion stability. 27451771 12 23 from agents 1776:1781 arg1 treatment 1800:1808 treatment 1800:1808 treatment of the liver tumor 1800:1827 These results indicated the novel c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs had excellent biocompatibility, which was endowed with a potential capacity to serve as MRI contrast agents in diagnosis and treatment of the liver tumor. 27451771 12 23 from agents 1776:1781 arg1 diagnosis 1786:1794 diagnosis 1786:1794 diagnosis 1786:1794 These results indicated the novel c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs had excellent biocompatibility, which was endowed with a potential capacity to serve as MRI contrast agents in diagnosis and treatment of the liver tumor. 27451771 0 24 theme Oxide 80:84 arg1 Assessment 43:52 In Vivo Safety Assessment 28:52 In Vivo Safety Assessment 28:52 Biomimetic Modification and In Vivo Safety Assessment of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. 27451771 0 24 theme Oxide 80:84 arg1 Modification 11:22 Biomimetic Modification 0:22 Biomimetic Modification 0:22 Biomimetic Modification and In Vivo Safety Assessment of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. 27451771 12 25 dep indicated 1635:1643 arg1 had 1675:1677 had 1675:1677 indicated the novel c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs had excellent biocompatibility, which was endowed with a potential capacity to serve as MRI contrast agents in diagnosis and treatment of the liver tumor 1635:1827 These results indicated the novel c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs had excellent biocompatibility, which was endowed with a potential capacity to serve as MRI contrast agents in diagnosis and treatment of the liver tumor. 27451771 7 26 dep nanoparticles 976:988 arg1 abbreviated 991:1001 abbreviated 991:1001 abbreviated as c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs 991:1024 Thus the novel magnetic composite nanoparticles (abbreviated as c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs) were successfully prepared. 27451771 10 27 theme toxicity 1403:1410 arg1 test 1412:1415 The acute toxicity test 1393:1415 The acute toxicity test of the assynthesized c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs to mice 1393:1464 The acute toxicity test of the assynthesized c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs to mice was also investigated. 27451771 0 28 theme Iron 75:78 arg1 Oxide 80:84 Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide 57:84 Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide 57:84 Biomimetic Modification and In Vivo Safety Assessment of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. 27451771 2 29 theme modification 393:404 arg1 technologies 406:417 common modification technologies 386:417 common modification technologies 386:417 The properties of SPIONs were generally improved by surface modification, but common modification technologies were usually conducted with multi-steps under rigid conditions. 27451771 0 30 theme Biomimetic 0:9 arg1 Modification 11:22 Biomimetic Modification 0:22 Biomimetic Modification 0:22 Biomimetic Modification and In Vivo Safety Assessment of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. 27451771 1 31 theme specific 279:286 arg1 capacity 298:305 specific targeting capacity 279:305 specific targeting capacity 279:305 The efficacy of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for biomedical applications depends on the magnetic properties, long time stability in biological fluids, and specific targeting capacity. 27451771 12 32 theme MRI 1763:1765 arg1 agents 1776:1781 MRI contrast agents 1763:1781 MRI contrast agents in diagnosis and treatment of the liver tumor 1763:1827 These results indicated the novel c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs had excellent biocompatibility, which was endowed with a potential capacity to serve as MRI contrast agents in diagnosis and treatment of the liver tumor. 27451771 2 33 theme rigid 465:469 arg1 conditions 471:480 rigid conditions 465:480 rigid conditions 465:480 The properties of SPIONs were generally improved by surface modification, but common modification technologies were usually conducted with multi-steps under rigid conditions. 27451771 6 34 theme targeting 843:851 arg1 capacity 853:860 specific targeting capacity 834:860 specific targeting capacity towards liver tumor cells 834:886 At last, the c(RGDyK), a biomolecule with the capacity of specific targeting capacity towards liver tumor cells, were coupled with DA on SPIONs via Mannich reaction. 27451771 10 35 theme assynthesized 1424:1436 arg1 -PDA-SPIONs 1446:1456 the assynthesized c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs 1420:1456 the assynthesized c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs 1420:1456 The acute toxicity test of the assynthesized c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs to mice was also investigated. 27451771 9 36 theme dispersion 1371:1380 arg1 stability 1382:1390 good water dispersion stability 1360:1390 good water dispersion stability 1360:1390 As a result, that the c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs had an average size of about 50 nm and uniform distribution, and had superparamagnetic properties, good water dispersion stability. 27451771 9 37 theme nm 1293:1294 arg1 size 1276:1279 an average size 1265:1279 an average size of about 50 nm 1265:1294 As a result, that the c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs had an average size of about 50 nm and uniform distribution, and had superparamagnetic properties, good water dispersion stability. 27451771 9 37 theme nm 1293:1294 arg1 distribution 1308:1319 uniform distribution 1300:1319 uniform distribution 1300:1319 As a result, that the c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs had an average size of about 50 nm and uniform distribution, and had superparamagnetic properties, good water dispersion stability. 27451771 12 38 theme excellent 1679:1687 arg1 biocompatibility 1689:1704 excellent biocompatibility 1679:1704 excellent biocompatibility 1679:1704 These results indicated the novel c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs had excellent biocompatibility, which was endowed with a potential capacity to serve as MRI contrast agents in diagnosis and treatment of the liver tumor. 27451771 11 39 theme c 1518:1518 arg1 -PDA-SPIONs 1526:1536 c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs 1518:1536 c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs 1518:1536 It was observed that LD50 of c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs was 4.38 g/kg, with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 3.49 g/kg to 5.87 g/kg. 27451771 9 40 theme uniform 1300:1306 arg1 distribution 1308:1319 uniform distribution 1300:1319 uniform distribution 1300:1319 As a result, that the c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs had an average size of about 50 nm and uniform distribution, and had superparamagnetic properties, good water dispersion stability. 27451771 8 41 theme as-synthesized 1059:1072 arg1 nanoparticles 1074:1086 The as-synthesized nanoparticles 1055:1086 The as-synthesized nanoparticles 1055:1086 The as-synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic light scattering, magnetic hysteresis loop measuring instrument. 27451771 1 42 theme long 233:236 arg1 stability 243:251 long time stability 233:251 long time stability in biological fluids 233:272 The efficacy of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for biomedical applications depends on the magnetic properties, long time stability in biological fluids, and specific targeting capacity. 27451771 11 43 theme -PDA-SPIONs 1526:1536 arg1 LD50 1510:1513 LD50 1510:1513 LD50 of c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs 1510:1536 It was observed that LD50 of c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs was 4.38 g/kg, with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 3.49 g/kg to 5.87 g/kg. 27451771 11 44 theme RGDyK 1520:1524 arg1 -PDA-SPIONs 1526:1536 c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs 1518:1536 c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs 1518:1536 It was observed that LD50 of c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs was 4.38 g/kg, with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 3.49 g/kg to 5.87 g/kg. 27451771 1 45 theme biological 256:265 arg1 fluids 267:272 biological fluids 256:272 biological fluids 256:272 The efficacy of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for biomedical applications depends on the magnetic properties, long time stability in biological fluids, and specific targeting capacity. 27451771 8 46 theme electron 1119:1126 arg1 scattering 1160:1169 dynamic light scattering 1146:1169 dynamic light scattering 1146:1169 The as-synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic light scattering, magnetic hysteresis loop measuring instrument. 27451771 8 46 theme electron 1119:1126 arg1 SEM 1140:1142 SEM 1140:1142 SEM 1140:1142 The as-synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic light scattering, magnetic hysteresis loop measuring instrument. 27451771 8 46 theme electron 1119:1126 arg1 instrument 1207:1216 magnetic hysteresis loop measuring instrument 1172:1216 magnetic hysteresis loop measuring instrument 1172:1216 The as-synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic light scattering, magnetic hysteresis loop measuring instrument. 27451771 8 46 theme electron 1119:1126 arg1 microscope 1128:1137 scanning electron microscope 1110:1137 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 1110:1143 The as-synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic light scattering, magnetic hysteresis loop measuring instrument. 27451771 9 47 contain had 1326:1328 arg2 properties 1348:1357 superparamagnetic properties 1330:1357 superparamagnetic properties 1330:1357 As a result, that the c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs had an average size of about 50 nm and uniform distribution, and had superparamagnetic properties, good water dispersion stability. 27451771 9 47 contain had 1326:1328 arg1 -PDA-SPIONs 1249:1259 the c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs 1237:1259 the c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs 1237:1259 As a result, that the c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs had an average size of about 50 nm and uniform distribution, and had superparamagnetic properties, good water dispersion stability. 27451771 9 48 theme good 1360:1363 arg1 stability 1382:1390 good water dispersion stability 1360:1390 good water dispersion stability 1360:1390 As a result, that the c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs had an average size of about 50 nm and uniform distribution, and had superparamagnetic properties, good water dispersion stability. 27451771 6 49 theme tumor 876:880 arg1 cells 882:886 liver tumor cells 870:886 liver tumor cells 870:886 At last, the c(RGDyK), a biomolecule with the capacity of specific targeting capacity towards liver tumor cells, were coupled with DA on SPIONs via Mannich reaction. 27451771 12 50 theme c 1655:1655 arg1 -PDA-SPIONs 1663:1673 the novel c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs 1645:1673 the novel c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs 1645:1673 These results indicated the novel c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs had excellent biocompatibility, which was endowed with a potential capacity to serve as MRI contrast agents in diagnosis and treatment of the liver tumor. 27451771 11 51 theme % 1562:1562 arg1 interval 1575:1582 a 95% confidence interval 1558:1582 a 95% confidence interval ranging from 3.49 g/kg to 5.87 g/kg 1558:1618 It was observed that LD50 of c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs was 4.38 g/kg, with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 3.49 g/kg to 5.87 g/kg. 27451771 1 52 from capacity 298:305 arg1 fluids 267:272 biological fluids 256:272 biological fluids 256:272 The efficacy of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for biomedical applications depends on the magnetic properties, long time stability in biological fluids, and specific targeting capacity. 27451771 3 53 theme SPIONs 555:560 arg1 agents 571:576 functionalized SPIONs contrast agents 540:576 functionalized SPIONs contrast agents 540:576 In this work, a facile and simple approach to synthesize functionalized SPIONs contrast agents was set up. 27451771 1 54 theme biomedical 173:182 arg1 applications 184:195 biomedical applications 173:195 biomedical applications 173:195 The efficacy of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for biomedical applications depends on the magnetic properties, long time stability in biological fluids, and specific targeting capacity. 27451771 12 55 theme tumor 1823:1827 arg1 treatment 1800:1808 treatment 1800:1808 treatment of the liver tumor 1800:1827 These results indicated the novel c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs had excellent biocompatibility, which was endowed with a potential capacity to serve as MRI contrast agents in diagnosis and treatment of the liver tumor. 27451771 12 55 theme tumor 1823:1827 arg1 diagnosis 1786:1794 diagnosis 1786:1794 diagnosis 1786:1794 These results indicated the novel c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs had excellent biocompatibility, which was endowed with a potential capacity to serve as MRI contrast agents in diagnosis and treatment of the liver tumor. 27451771 2 56 theme SPIONs 326:331 arg1 properties 312:321 The properties 308:321 The properties of SPIONs 308:331 The properties of SPIONs were generally improved by surface modification, but common modification technologies were usually conducted with multi-steps under rigid conditions. 27451771 8 57 theme dynamic 1146:1152 arg1 scattering 1160:1169 dynamic light scattering 1146:1169 dynamic light scattering 1146:1169 The as-synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic light scattering, magnetic hysteresis loop measuring instrument. 27451771 8 57 theme dynamic 1146:1152 arg1 microscope 1128:1137 scanning electron microscope 1110:1137 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 1110:1143 The as-synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic light scattering, magnetic hysteresis loop measuring instrument. 27451771 6 58 theme Mannich 924:930 arg1 reaction 932:939 Mannich reaction 924:939 Mannich reaction 924:939 At last, the c(RGDyK), a biomolecule with the capacity of specific targeting capacity towards liver tumor cells, were coupled with DA on SPIONs via Mannich reaction. 27451771 4 59 theme improved 631:638 arg1 method 668:673 an improved ultrasonic co-precipitation method 628:673 an improved ultrasonic co-precipitation method 628:673 First of all, SPIONs were prepared by an improved ultrasonic co-precipitation method. 27451771 8 60 theme magnetic 1172:1179 arg1 instrument 1207:1216 magnetic hysteresis loop measuring instrument 1172:1216 magnetic hysteresis loop measuring instrument 1172:1216 The as-synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic light scattering, magnetic hysteresis loop measuring instrument. 27451771 8 60 theme magnetic 1172:1179 arg1 microscope 1128:1137 scanning electron microscope 1110:1137 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 1110:1143 The as-synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic light scattering, magnetic hysteresis loop measuring instrument. 27451771 4 61 theme co-precipitation 651:666 arg1 method 668:673 an improved ultrasonic co-precipitation method 628:673 an improved ultrasonic co-precipitation method 628:673 First of all, SPIONs were prepared by an improved ultrasonic co-precipitation method. 27451771 1 62 from stability 243:251 arg1 fluids 267:272 biological fluids 256:272 biological fluids 256:272 The efficacy of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for biomedical applications depends on the magnetic properties, long time stability in biological fluids, and specific targeting capacity. 27451771 1 63 theme superparamagnetic 117:133 arg1 SPIONs 161:166 SPIONs 161:166 SPIONs 161:166 The efficacy of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for biomedical applications depends on the magnetic properties, long time stability in biological fluids, and specific targeting capacity. 27451771 1 63 theme superparamagnetic 117:133 arg1 nanoparticles 146:158 superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles 117:158 superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) 117:167 The efficacy of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for biomedical applications depends on the magnetic properties, long time stability in biological fluids, and specific targeting capacity. 27451771 8 64 theme loop 1192:1195 arg1 instrument 1207:1216 magnetic hysteresis loop measuring instrument 1172:1216 magnetic hysteresis loop measuring instrument 1172:1216 The as-synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic light scattering, magnetic hysteresis loop measuring instrument. 27451771 8 64 theme loop 1192:1195 arg1 microscope 1128:1137 scanning electron microscope 1110:1137 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 1110:1143 The as-synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic light scattering, magnetic hysteresis loop measuring instrument. 27451771 5 65 theme SPIONs 703:708 arg1 surfaces 685:692 the surfaces 681:692 the surfaces of these SPIONs 681:708 Then the surfaces of these SPIONs were modified biomimeticly by dopamine (DA) with strong adhesion. 27451771 1 66 theme oxide 140:144 arg1 SPIONs 161:166 SPIONs 161:166 SPIONs 161:166 The efficacy of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for biomedical applications depends on the magnetic properties, long time stability in biological fluids, and specific targeting capacity. 27451771 1 66 theme oxide 140:144 arg1 nanoparticles 146:158 superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles 117:158 superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) 117:167 The efficacy of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for biomedical applications depends on the magnetic properties, long time stability in biological fluids, and specific targeting capacity. 27451771 5 67 theme strong 759:764 arg1 adhesion 766:773 strong adhesion 759:773 strong adhesion 759:773 Then the surfaces of these SPIONs were modified biomimeticly by dopamine (DA) with strong adhesion. 27451771 7 68 theme magnetic 957:964 arg1 nanoparticles 976:988 Thus the novel magnetic composite nanoparticles 942:988 Thus the novel magnetic composite nanoparticles (abbreviated as c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs) 942:1025 Thus the novel magnetic composite nanoparticles (abbreviated as c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs) were successfully prepared. 27451771 9 69 theme average 1268:1274 arg1 size 1276:1279 an average size 1265:1279 an average size of about 50 nm 1265:1294 As a result, that the c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs had an average size of about 50 nm and uniform distribution, and had superparamagnetic properties, good water dispersion stability. 27451771 12 70 theme contrast 1767:1774 arg1 agents 1776:1781 MRI contrast agents 1763:1781 MRI contrast agents in diagnosis and treatment of the liver tumor 1763:1827 These results indicated the novel c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs had excellent biocompatibility, which was endowed with a potential capacity to serve as MRI contrast agents in diagnosis and treatment of the liver tumor. 27451771 3 71 dep approach 517:524 arg1 synthesize 529:538 synthesize 529:538 to synthesize functionalized SPIONs contrast agents 526:576 In this work, a facile and simple approach to synthesize functionalized SPIONs contrast agents was set up. 27451771 10 72 theme acute 1397:1401 arg1 test 1412:1415 The acute toxicity test 1393:1415 The acute toxicity test of the assynthesized c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs to mice 1393:1464 The acute toxicity test of the assynthesized c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs to mice was also investigated. 27451771 2 73 theme common 386:391 arg1 technologies 406:417 common modification technologies 386:417 common modification technologies 386:417 The properties of SPIONs were generally improved by surface modification, but common modification technologies were usually conducted with multi-steps under rigid conditions. 27451771 0 74 theme In 28:29 arg1 Assessment 43:52 In Vivo Safety Assessment 28:52 In Vivo Safety Assessment 28:52 Biomimetic Modification and In Vivo Safety Assessment of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. 27451771 1 75 theme targeting 288:296 arg1 capacity 298:305 specific targeting capacity 279:305 specific targeting capacity 279:305 The efficacy of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for biomedical applications depends on the magnetic properties, long time stability in biological fluids, and specific targeting capacity. 27451771 12 76 theme potential 1732:1740 arg1 capacity 1742:1749 a potential capacity 1730:1749 a potential capacity to serve as MRI contrast agents in diagnosis and treatment of the liver tumor 1730:1827 These results indicated the novel c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs had excellent biocompatibility, which was endowed with a potential capacity to serve as MRI contrast agents in diagnosis and treatment of the liver tumor. 27451771 6 77 with biomolecule 801:811 arg1 capacity 822:829 the capacity 818:829 the capacity of specific targeting capacity towards liver tumor cells 818:886 At last, the c(RGDyK), a biomolecule with the capacity of specific targeting capacity towards liver tumor cells, were coupled with DA on SPIONs via Mannich reaction. 27451771 10 78 theme c 1438:1438 arg1 -PDA-SPIONs 1446:1456 the assynthesized c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs 1420:1456 the assynthesized c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs 1420:1456 The acute toxicity test of the assynthesized c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs to mice was also investigated. 27451771 9 79 contain had 1261:1263 arg2 distribution 1308:1319 uniform distribution 1300:1319 uniform distribution 1300:1319 As a result, that the c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs had an average size of about 50 nm and uniform distribution, and had superparamagnetic properties, good water dispersion stability. 27451771 9 79 contain had 1261:1263 arg2 size 1276:1279 an average size 1265:1279 an average size of about 50 nm 1265:1294 As a result, that the c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs had an average size of about 50 nm and uniform distribution, and had superparamagnetic properties, good water dispersion stability. 27451771 9 79 contain had 1261:1263 arg2 result 1224:1229 a result 1222:1229 a result 1222:1229 As a result, that the c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs had an average size of about 50 nm and uniform distribution, and had superparamagnetic properties, good water dispersion stability. 27451771 9 79 contain had 1261:1263 arg1 -PDA-SPIONs 1249:1259 the c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs 1237:1259 the c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs 1237:1259 As a result, that the c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs had an average size of about 50 nm and uniform distribution, and had superparamagnetic properties, good water dispersion stability. 27451771 0 80 theme Safety 36:41 arg1 Assessment 43:52 In Vivo Safety Assessment 28:52 In Vivo Safety Assessment 28:52 Biomimetic Modification and In Vivo Safety Assessment of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. 27451771 6 81 theme specific 834:841 arg1 capacity 853:860 specific targeting capacity 834:860 specific targeting capacity towards liver tumor cells 834:886 At last, the c(RGDyK), a biomolecule with the capacity of specific targeting capacity towards liver tumor cells, were coupled with DA on SPIONs via Mannich reaction. 27451771 5 82 mod modified 715:722 arg3 dopamine 740:747 dopamine 740:747 dopamine (DA) 740:752 Then the surfaces of these SPIONs were modified biomimeticly by dopamine (DA) with strong adhesion. 27451771 5 82 mod modified 715:722 arg3 DA 750:751 DA 750:751 DA 750:751 Then the surfaces of these SPIONs were modified biomimeticly by dopamine (DA) with strong adhesion. 27451771 5 82 mod modified 715:722 arg3 adhesion 766:773 strong adhesion 759:773 strong adhesion 759:773 Then the surfaces of these SPIONs were modified biomimeticly by dopamine (DA) with strong adhesion. 27451771 5 82 mod modified 715:722 arg1 surfaces 685:692 the surfaces 681:692 the surfaces of these SPIONs 681:708 Then the surfaces of these SPIONs were modified biomimeticly by dopamine (DA) with strong adhesion. 27451771 11 83 theme confidence 1564:1573 arg1 interval 1575:1582 a 95% confidence interval 1558:1582 a 95% confidence interval ranging from 3.49 g/kg to 5.87 g/kg 1558:1618 It was observed that LD50 of c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs was 4.38 g/kg, with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 3.49 g/kg to 5.87 g/kg. 27451771 10 84 theme -PDA-SPIONs 1446:1456 arg1 test 1412:1415 The acute toxicity test 1393:1415 The acute toxicity test of the assynthesized c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs to mice 1393:1464 The acute toxicity test of the assynthesized c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs to mice was also investigated. 27451771 9 85 dep stability 1382:1390 arg1 result 1224:1229 a result 1222:1229 a result 1222:1229 As a result, that the c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs had an average size of about 50 nm and uniform distribution, and had superparamagnetic properties, good water dispersion stability. 27451771 3 86 theme simple 510:515 arg1 approach 517:524 a facile and simple approach 497:524 a facile and simple approach to synthesize functionalized SPIONs contrast agents 497:576 In this work, a facile and simple approach to synthesize functionalized SPIONs contrast agents was set up. 27451771 0 87 dep In 28:29 arg1 Vivo 31:34 Vivo 31:34 Vivo 31:34 Biomimetic Modification and In Vivo Safety Assessment of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. 27451771 10 88 theme RGDyK 1440:1444 arg1 -PDA-SPIONs 1446:1456 the assynthesized c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs 1420:1456 the assynthesized c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs 1420:1456 The acute toxicity test of the assynthesized c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs to mice was also investigated. 27451771 3 89 theme facile 499:504 arg1 approach 517:524 a facile and simple approach 497:524 a facile and simple approach to synthesize functionalized SPIONs contrast agents 497:576 In this work, a facile and simple approach to synthesize functionalized SPIONs contrast agents was set up. 27451771 1 90 theme time 238:241 arg1 stability 243:251 long time stability 233:251 long time stability in biological fluids 233:272 The efficacy of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for biomedical applications depends on the magnetic properties, long time stability in biological fluids, and specific targeting capacity. 27451771 8 91 theme scanning 1110:1117 arg1 scattering 1160:1169 dynamic light scattering 1146:1169 dynamic light scattering 1146:1169 The as-synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic light scattering, magnetic hysteresis loop measuring instrument. 27451771 8 91 theme scanning 1110:1117 arg1 SEM 1140:1142 SEM 1140:1142 SEM 1140:1142 The as-synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic light scattering, magnetic hysteresis loop measuring instrument. 27451771 8 91 theme scanning 1110:1117 arg1 instrument 1207:1216 magnetic hysteresis loop measuring instrument 1172:1216 magnetic hysteresis loop measuring instrument 1172:1216 The as-synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic light scattering, magnetic hysteresis loop measuring instrument. 27451771 8 91 theme scanning 1110:1117 arg1 microscope 1128:1137 scanning electron microscope 1110:1137 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 1110:1143 The as-synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic light scattering, magnetic hysteresis loop measuring instrument. 27451771 12 92 theme liver 1817:1821 arg1 tumor 1823:1827 the liver tumor 1813:1827 the liver tumor 1813:1827 These results indicated the novel c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs had excellent biocompatibility, which was endowed with a potential capacity to serve as MRI contrast agents in diagnosis and treatment of the liver tumor. 27451771 3 93 theme functionalized 540:553 arg1 agents 571:576 functionalized SPIONs contrast agents 540:576 functionalized SPIONs contrast agents 540:576 In this work, a facile and simple approach to synthesize functionalized SPIONs contrast agents was set up. 27451771 9 94 theme superparamagnetic 1330:1346 arg1 properties 1348:1357 superparamagnetic properties 1330:1357 superparamagnetic properties 1330:1357 As a result, that the c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPIONs had an average size of about 50 nm and uniform distribution, and had superparamagnetic properties, good water dispersion stability. 29137995 5 0 theme better 728:733 arg1 hydrophobicity 743:756 better surface hydrophobicity 728:756 better surface hydrophobicity 728:756 Finally, the modified films with better surface hydrophobicity, more flexible and pliable, improved light barrier performances and low solubility were obtained. 29137995 2 1 theme crosslinking 328:339 arg1 procedure 341:349 the crosslinking procedure 324:349 the crosslinking procedure 324:349 1H NMR, FTIR spectra, XRD curves, elemental analysis and Van Slyke method verified the synthesis and confirmed the crosslinking procedure. 29137995 6 2 theme many 974:977 arg1 fields 979:984 many fields 974:984 many fields 974:984 All the results above illustrated that the composite films obtained in this work maybe have potential applications in many fields. 29137995 5 3 theme surface 735:741 arg1 hydrophobicity 743:756 better surface hydrophobicity 728:756 better surface hydrophobicity 728:756 Finally, the modified films with better surface hydrophobicity, more flexible and pliable, improved light barrier performances and low solubility were obtained. 29137995 3 4 theme uptake 480:485 arg1 studies 487:493 water uptake studies 474:493 water uptake studies 474:493 The properties of the composite SEN-Gel film, such as mechanical test, surface hydrophobicity, light barrier performance, water uptake studies, morphology and solubility behavior were studied. 29137995 4 5 theme contact 566:572 arg1 angle 574:578 water contact angle 560:578 water contact angle 560:578 The results of water contact angle showed the hydrophobicity of the films, and the obtained transparency values indicated that the films were opaque. 29137995 6 6 theme potential 948:956 arg1 applications 958:969 potential applications 948:969 potential applications 948:969 All the results above illustrated that the composite films obtained in this work maybe have potential applications in many fields. 29137995 3 7 theme water 474:478 arg1 studies 487:493 water uptake studies 474:493 water uptake studies 474:493 The properties of the composite SEN-Gel film, such as mechanical test, surface hydrophobicity, light barrier performance, water uptake studies, morphology and solubility behavior were studied. 29137995 4 8 theme water 560:564 arg1 angle 574:578 water contact angle 560:578 water contact angle 560:578 The results of water contact angle showed the hydrophobicity of the films, and the obtained transparency values indicated that the films were opaque. 29137995 2 9 theme elemental 247:255 arg1 analysis 257:264 elemental analysis 247:264 elemental analysis 247:264 1H NMR, FTIR spectra, XRD curves, elemental analysis and Van Slyke method verified the synthesis and confirmed the crosslinking procedure. 29137995 3 10 theme mechanical 406:415 arg1 test 417:420 mechanical test 406:420 mechanical test 406:420 The properties of the composite SEN-Gel film, such as mechanical test, surface hydrophobicity, light barrier performance, water uptake studies, morphology and solubility behavior were studied. 29137995 5 11 theme modified 708:715 arg1 films 717:721 the modified films 704:721 the modified films with better surface hydrophobicity, more flexible and pliable, improved light barrier performances and low solubility 704:839 Finally, the modified films with better surface hydrophobicity, more flexible and pliable, improved light barrier performances and low solubility were obtained. 29137995 0 12 theme starch 4:9 arg1 ester/gelatin 11:23 New starch ester/gelatin 0:23 New starch ester/gelatin 0:23 New starch ester/gelatin based films: Developed and physicochemical characterization. 29137995 1 13 theme new 88:90 arg1 SEN 129:131 SEN 129:131 SEN 129:131 A new starch-based ester Starch-EDTAD-NHS (SEN) was successful prepared firstly and used to modify gelatin films by amidation. 29137995 1 13 theme new 88:90 arg1 Starch-EDTAD-NHS 111:126 A new starch-based ester Starch-EDTAD-NHS 86:126 A new starch-based ester Starch-EDTAD-NHS (SEN) 86:132 A new starch-based ester Starch-EDTAD-NHS (SEN) was successful prepared firstly and used to modify gelatin films by amidation. 29137995 4 14 theme transparency 637:648 arg1 values 650:655 the obtained transparency values 624:655 the obtained transparency values 624:655 The results of water contact angle showed the hydrophobicity of the films, and the obtained transparency values indicated that the films were opaque. 29137995 0 15 theme New 0:2 arg1 ester/gelatin 11:23 New starch ester/gelatin 0:23 New starch ester/gelatin 0:23 New starch ester/gelatin based films: Developed and physicochemical characterization. 29137995 1 16 theme starch-based 92:103 arg1 SEN 129:131 SEN 129:131 SEN 129:131 A new starch-based ester Starch-EDTAD-NHS (SEN) was successful prepared firstly and used to modify gelatin films by amidation. 29137995 1 16 theme starch-based 92:103 arg1 Starch-EDTAD-NHS 111:126 A new starch-based ester Starch-EDTAD-NHS 86:126 A new starch-based ester Starch-EDTAD-NHS (SEN) 86:132 A new starch-based ester Starch-EDTAD-NHS (SEN) was successful prepared firstly and used to modify gelatin films by amidation. 29137995 1 17 theme gelatin 185:191 arg1 films 193:197 gelatin films 185:197 gelatin films 185:197 A new starch-based ester Starch-EDTAD-NHS (SEN) was successful prepared firstly and used to modify gelatin films by amidation. 29137995 3 18 dep test 417:420 arg1 behavior 522:529 behavior 522:529 behavior 522:529 The properties of the composite SEN-Gel film, such as mechanical test, surface hydrophobicity, light barrier performance, water uptake studies, morphology and solubility behavior were studied. 29137995 2 19 theme Slyke 274:278 arg1 method 280:285 Van Slyke method 270:285 Van Slyke method 270:285 1H NMR, FTIR spectra, XRD curves, elemental analysis and Van Slyke method verified the synthesis and confirmed the crosslinking procedure. 29137995 5 20 theme light 795:799 arg1 performances 809:820 improved light barrier performances 786:820 improved light barrier performances 786:820 Finally, the modified films with better surface hydrophobicity, more flexible and pliable, improved light barrier performances and low solubility were obtained. 29137995 5 21 theme improved 786:793 arg1 performances 809:820 improved light barrier performances 786:820 improved light barrier performances 786:820 Finally, the modified films with better surface hydrophobicity, more flexible and pliable, improved light barrier performances and low solubility were obtained. 29137995 6 22 theme work 932:935 arg1 maybe 937:941 this work maybe 927:941 this work maybe 927:941 All the results above illustrated that the composite films obtained in this work maybe have potential applications in many fields. 29137995 5 23 theme barrier 801:807 arg1 performances 809:820 improved light barrier performances 786:820 improved light barrier performances 786:820 Finally, the modified films with better surface hydrophobicity, more flexible and pliable, improved light barrier performances and low solubility were obtained. 29137995 3 24 theme film 392:395 arg1 studies 487:493 water uptake studies 474:493 water uptake studies 474:493 The properties of the composite SEN-Gel film, such as mechanical test, surface hydrophobicity, light barrier performance, water uptake studies, morphology and solubility behavior were studied. 29137995 3 24 theme film 392:395 arg1 test 417:420 mechanical test 406:420 mechanical test 406:420 The properties of the composite SEN-Gel film, such as mechanical test, surface hydrophobicity, light barrier performance, water uptake studies, morphology and solubility behavior were studied. 29137995 3 24 theme film 392:395 arg1 performance 461:471 light barrier performance 447:471 light barrier performance 447:471 The properties of the composite SEN-Gel film, such as mechanical test, surface hydrophobicity, light barrier performance, water uptake studies, morphology and solubility behavior were studied. 29137995 3 24 theme film 392:395 arg1 morphology 496:505 morphology 496:505 morphology 496:505 The properties of the composite SEN-Gel film, such as mechanical test, surface hydrophobicity, light barrier performance, water uptake studies, morphology and solubility behavior were studied. 29137995 3 24 theme film 392:395 arg1 solubility 511:520 solubility 511:520 solubility 511:520 The properties of the composite SEN-Gel film, such as mechanical test, surface hydrophobicity, light barrier performance, water uptake studies, morphology and solubility behavior were studied. 29137995 3 24 theme film 392:395 arg1 hydrophobicity 431:444 surface hydrophobicity 423:444 surface hydrophobicity 423:444 The properties of the composite SEN-Gel film, such as mechanical test, surface hydrophobicity, light barrier performance, water uptake studies, morphology and solubility behavior were studied. 29137995 3 24 theme film 392:395 arg1 properties 356:365 The properties 352:365 The properties 352:365 The properties of the composite SEN-Gel film, such as mechanical test, surface hydrophobicity, light barrier performance, water uptake studies, morphology and solubility behavior were studied. 29137995 2 25 theme FTIR 221:224 arg1 spectra 226:232 FTIR spectra 221:232 FTIR spectra 221:232 1H NMR, FTIR spectra, XRD curves, elemental analysis and Van Slyke method verified the synthesis and confirmed the crosslinking procedure. 29137995 4 26 theme obtained 628:635 arg1 values 650:655 the obtained transparency values 624:655 the obtained transparency values 624:655 The results of water contact angle showed the hydrophobicity of the films, and the obtained transparency values indicated that the films were opaque. 29137995 5 27 theme low 826:828 arg1 solubility 830:839 low solubility 826:839 low solubility 826:839 Finally, the modified films with better surface hydrophobicity, more flexible and pliable, improved light barrier performances and low solubility were obtained. 29137995 3 28 theme surface 423:429 arg1 hydrophobicity 431:444 surface hydrophobicity 423:444 surface hydrophobicity 423:444 The properties of the composite SEN-Gel film, such as mechanical test, surface hydrophobicity, light barrier performance, water uptake studies, morphology and solubility behavior were studied. 29137995 3 29 theme composite 374:382 arg1 film 392:395 the composite SEN-Gel film 370:395 the composite SEN-Gel film 370:395 The properties of the composite SEN-Gel film, such as mechanical test, surface hydrophobicity, light barrier performance, water uptake studies, morphology and solubility behavior were studied. 29137995 3 30 theme SEN-Gel 384:390 arg1 film 392:395 the composite SEN-Gel film 370:395 the composite SEN-Gel film 370:395 The properties of the composite SEN-Gel film, such as mechanical test, surface hydrophobicity, light barrier performance, water uptake studies, morphology and solubility behavior were studied. 29137995 2 31 theme 1H 213:214 arg1 NMR 216:218 1H NMR 213:218 1H NMR 213:218 1H NMR, FTIR spectra, XRD curves, elemental analysis and Van Slyke method verified the synthesis and confirmed the crosslinking procedure. 29137995 6 32 theme composite 899:907 arg1 films 909:913 the composite films 895:913 the composite films obtained in this work maybe 895:941 All the results above illustrated that the composite films obtained in this work maybe have potential applications in many fields. 29137995 3 33 theme light 447:451 arg1 performance 461:471 light barrier performance 447:471 light barrier performance 447:471 The properties of the composite SEN-Gel film, such as mechanical test, surface hydrophobicity, light barrier performance, water uptake studies, morphology and solubility behavior were studied. 29137995 1 34 theme ester 105:109 arg1 SEN 129:131 SEN 129:131 SEN 129:131 A new starch-based ester Starch-EDTAD-NHS (SEN) was successful prepared firstly and used to modify gelatin films by amidation. 29137995 1 34 theme ester 105:109 arg1 Starch-EDTAD-NHS 111:126 A new starch-based ester Starch-EDTAD-NHS 86:126 A new starch-based ester Starch-EDTAD-NHS (SEN) 86:132 A new starch-based ester Starch-EDTAD-NHS (SEN) was successful prepared firstly and used to modify gelatin films by amidation. 29137995 2 35 theme XRD 235:237 arg1 curves 239:244 XRD curves 235:244 XRD curves 235:244 1H NMR, FTIR spectra, XRD curves, elemental analysis and Van Slyke method verified the synthesis and confirmed the crosslinking procedure. 29137995 3 36 theme barrier 453:459 arg1 performance 461:471 light barrier performance 447:471 light barrier performance 447:471 The properties of the composite SEN-Gel film, such as mechanical test, surface hydrophobicity, light barrier performance, water uptake studies, morphology and solubility behavior were studied. 29137995 4 37 theme angle 574:578 arg1 results 549:555 The results 545:555 The results of water contact angle 545:578 The results of water contact angle showed the hydrophobicity of the films, and the obtained transparency values indicated that the films were opaque. 29137995 4 38 theme films 613:617 arg1 hydrophobicity 591:604 the hydrophobicity 587:604 the hydrophobicity of the films 587:617 The results of water contact angle showed the hydrophobicity of the films, and the obtained transparency values indicated that the films were opaque. 29137995 5 39 with films 717:721 arg1 performances 809:820 improved light barrier performances 786:820 improved light barrier performances 786:820 Finally, the modified films with better surface hydrophobicity, more flexible and pliable, improved light barrier performances and low solubility were obtained. 29137995 5 39 with films 717:721 arg1 solubility 830:839 low solubility 826:839 low solubility 826:839 Finally, the modified films with better surface hydrophobicity, more flexible and pliable, improved light barrier performances and low solubility were obtained. 29137995 5 39 with films 717:721 arg1 hydrophobicity 743:756 better surface hydrophobicity 728:756 better surface hydrophobicity 728:756 Finally, the modified films with better surface hydrophobicity, more flexible and pliable, improved light barrier performances and low solubility were obtained. 29137995 5 39 with films 717:721 arg1 flexible 764:771 flexible 764:771 flexible 764:771 Finally, the modified films with better surface hydrophobicity, more flexible and pliable, improved light barrier performances and low solubility were obtained. 29137995 6 40 contain have 943:946 arg1 films 909:913 the composite films 895:913 the composite films obtained in this work maybe 895:941 All the results above illustrated that the composite films obtained in this work maybe have potential applications in many fields. 29137995 6 40 contain have 943:946 arg2 applications 958:969 potential applications 948:969 potential applications 948:969 All the results above illustrated that the composite films obtained in this work maybe have potential applications in many fields. 29137995 0 41 theme physicochemical 52:66 arg1 characterization 68:83 physicochemical characterization 52:83 physicochemical characterization 52:83 New starch ester/gelatin based films: Developed and physicochemical characterization. 29137995 1 42 used used 170:173 arg2 Starch-EDTAD-NHS 111:126 A new starch-based ester Starch-EDTAD-NHS 86:126 A new starch-based ester Starch-EDTAD-NHS (SEN) 86:132 A new starch-based ester Starch-EDTAD-NHS (SEN) was successful prepared firstly and used to modify gelatin films by amidation. 29137995 1 42 used used 170:173 arg2 SEN 129:131 SEN 129:131 SEN 129:131 A new starch-based ester Starch-EDTAD-NHS (SEN) was successful prepared firstly and used to modify gelatin films by amidation. 27758133 6 0 theme longer 1301:1306 arg1 times 1319:1323 longer permeation times 1301:1323 longer permeation times 1301:1323 Raman images demonstrate large ice crystal formation in cryopreserved cells incubated for shorter periods of time (∼30 min), suggesting that longer permeation times are needed for these solutions. 27758133 2 1 theme investigation 353:365 arg1 focus 339:343 The focus 335:343 The focus of this investigation 335:365 The focus of this investigation involves expanding our understanding of multicomponent osmolyte solutions and their ability to preserve cell viability during freezing. 27758133 8 2 theme spot 1716:1719 arg1 " 1720:1720 a "sweet spot" 1707:1720 a "sweet spot" for different combinations of osmolytes 1707:1760 It is noteworthy that the postthaw recovery varied significantly with the composition of solutions containing the same three components and this variation exhibited an inverted U-shape behavior, indicating that there may be a "sweet spot" for different combinations of osmolytes. 27758133 1 3 theme cell 259:262 arg1 viability 264:272 cell viability 259:272 cell viability 259:272 There is demand for non-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) cryoprotective agents that maintain cell viability without causing poor postthaw function or systemic toxicity. 27758133 11 4 theme molecular 2133:2141 arg1 substitution 2143:2154 molecular substitution 2133:2154 molecular substitution of glucose (a monosaccharide) for sucrose (a disaccharide) 2133:2213 Lastly, molecular substitution of glucose (a monosaccharide) for sucrose (a disaccharide) resulted in a significant drop in recovery. 27758133 6 5 theme crystal 1195:1201 arg1 formation 1203:1211 large ice crystal formation 1185:1211 large ice crystal formation in cryopreserved cells incubated for shorter periods of time (∼30 min) 1185:1282 Raman images demonstrate large ice crystal formation in cryopreserved cells incubated for shorter periods of time (∼30 min), suggesting that longer permeation times are needed for these solutions. 27758133 3 6 contain containing 702:711 arg2 cryoprotectants 722:736 multiple cryoprotectants 713:736 multiple cryoprotectants 713:736 Controlled cooling rate freezing, Raman microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were utilized to evaluate the differences in recovery and ice crystal formation behavior for solutions containing multiple cryoprotectants, including sugars, sugar alcohols, and small molecule additives. 27758133 3 6 contain containing 702:711 arg1 sugars 749:754 sugars 749:754 sugars 749:754 Controlled cooling rate freezing, Raman microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were utilized to evaluate the differences in recovery and ice crystal formation behavior for solutions containing multiple cryoprotectants, including sugars, sugar alcohols, and small molecule additives. 27758133 3 6 contain containing 702:711 arg1 additives 792:800 small molecule additives 777:800 small molecule additives 777:800 Controlled cooling rate freezing, Raman microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were utilized to evaluate the differences in recovery and ice crystal formation behavior for solutions containing multiple cryoprotectants, including sugars, sugar alcohols, and small molecule additives. 27758133 3 6 contain containing 702:711 arg1 solutions 692:700 solutions 692:700 solutions 692:700 Controlled cooling rate freezing, Raman microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were utilized to evaluate the differences in recovery and ice crystal formation behavior for solutions containing multiple cryoprotectants, including sugars, sugar alcohols, and small molecule additives. 27758133 3 6 contain containing 702:711 arg1 alcohols 763:770 sugar alcohols 757:770 sugar alcohols 757:770 Controlled cooling rate freezing, Raman microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were utilized to evaluate the differences in recovery and ice crystal formation behavior for solutions containing multiple cryoprotectants, including sugars, sugar alcohols, and small molecule additives. 27758133 3 7 theme sugar 757:761 arg1 alcohols 763:770 sugar alcohols 757:770 sugar alcohols 757:770 Controlled cooling rate freezing, Raman microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were utilized to evaluate the differences in recovery and ice crystal formation behavior for solutions containing multiple cryoprotectants, including sugars, sugar alcohols, and small molecule additives. 27758133 3 8 theme scanning 572:579 arg1 calorimetry 581:591 differential scanning calorimetry 559:591 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 559:597 Controlled cooling rate freezing, Raman microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were utilized to evaluate the differences in recovery and ice crystal formation behavior for solutions containing multiple cryoprotectants, including sugars, sugar alcohols, and small molecule additives. 27758133 3 8 theme scanning 572:579 arg1 DSC 594:596 DSC 594:596 DSC 594:596 Controlled cooling rate freezing, Raman microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were utilized to evaluate the differences in recovery and ice crystal formation behavior for solutions containing multiple cryoprotectants, including sugars, sugar alcohols, and small molecule additives. 27758133 12 9 theme manner 2398:2403 arg1 understanding 2324:2336 our understanding 2320:2336 our understanding of non-DMSO multicomponent cryoprotective solutions and the manner by which they enhance postthaw recovery 2320:2443 Taken together, the information from these studies increases our understanding of non-DMSO multicomponent cryoprotective solutions and the manner by which they enhance postthaw recovery. 27758133 6 10 theme large 1185:1189 arg1 formation 1203:1211 large ice crystal formation 1185:1211 large ice crystal formation in cryopreserved cells incubated for shorter periods of time (∼30 min) 1185:1282 Raman images demonstrate large ice crystal formation in cryopreserved cells incubated for shorter periods of time (∼30 min), suggesting that longer permeation times are needed for these solutions. 27758133 8 11 theme osmolytes 1752:1760 arg1 combinations 1736:1747 different combinations 1726:1747 different combinations of osmolytes 1726:1760 It is noteworthy that the postthaw recovery varied significantly with the composition of solutions containing the same three components and this variation exhibited an inverted U-shape behavior, indicating that there may be a "sweet spot" for different combinations of osmolytes. 27758133 3 12 theme small 777:781 arg1 additives 792:800 small molecule additives 777:800 small molecule additives 777:800 Controlled cooling rate freezing, Raman microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were utilized to evaluate the differences in recovery and ice crystal formation behavior for solutions containing multiple cryoprotectants, including sugars, sugar alcohols, and small molecule additives. 27758133 5 13 theme osmolyte 1089:1096 arg1 solutions 1098:1106 these multiple osmolyte solutions 1074:1106 these multiple osmolyte solutions 1074:1106 Maximum postthaw recovery was observed in these multiple osmolyte solutions with incubation times of up to 2 h before freezing. 27758133 9 14 with consistent 1837:1846 arg1 recovery 1875:1882 the observed postthaw recovery 1853:1882 the observed postthaw recovery 1853:1882 Raman images of freezing behavior in different solution compositions were consistent with the observed postthaw recovery. 27758133 5 15 located observed 1062:1069 arg1 solutions 1098:1106 these multiple osmolyte solutions 1074:1106 these multiple osmolyte solutions 1074:1106 Maximum postthaw recovery was observed in these multiple osmolyte solutions with incubation times of up to 2 h before freezing. 27758133 5 15 located observed 1062:1069 arg2 recovery 1049:1056 Maximum postthaw recovery 1032:1056 Maximum postthaw recovery 1032:1056 Maximum postthaw recovery was observed in these multiple osmolyte solutions with incubation times of up to 2 h before freezing. 27758133 12 16 theme cryoprotective 2365:2378 arg1 solutions 2380:2388 multicomponent cryoprotective solutions 2350:2388 multicomponent cryoprotective solutions 2350:2388 Taken together, the information from these studies increases our understanding of non-DMSO multicomponent cryoprotective solutions and the manner by which they enhance postthaw recovery. 27758133 6 17 theme time 1269:1272 arg1 periods 1258:1264 shorter periods 1250:1264 shorter periods of time (∼30 min) 1250:1282 Raman images demonstrate large ice crystal formation in cryopreserved cells incubated for shorter periods of time (∼30 min), suggesting that longer permeation times are needed for these solutions. 27758133 3 18 used utilized 604:611 arg2 microscopy 543:552 Raman microscopy 537:552 Raman microscopy 537:552 Controlled cooling rate freezing, Raman microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were utilized to evaluate the differences in recovery and ice crystal formation behavior for solutions containing multiple cryoprotectants, including sugars, sugar alcohols, and small molecule additives. 27758133 3 18 used utilized 604:611 arg2 DSC 594:596 DSC 594:596 DSC 594:596 Controlled cooling rate freezing, Raman microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were utilized to evaluate the differences in recovery and ice crystal formation behavior for solutions containing multiple cryoprotectants, including sugars, sugar alcohols, and small molecule additives. 27758133 3 18 used utilized 604:611 arg2 rate 522:525 Controlled cooling rate freezing 503:534 Controlled cooling rate freezing 503:534 Controlled cooling rate freezing, Raman microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were utilized to evaluate the differences in recovery and ice crystal formation behavior for solutions containing multiple cryoprotectants, including sugars, sugar alcohols, and small molecule additives. 27758133 3 18 used utilized 604:611 arg2 calorimetry 581:591 differential scanning calorimetry 559:591 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 559:597 Controlled cooling rate freezing, Raman microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were utilized to evaluate the differences in recovery and ice crystal formation behavior for solutions containing multiple cryoprotectants, including sugars, sugar alcohols, and small molecule additives. 27758133 8 19 dep varied 1527:1532 arg1 noteworthy 1489:1498 noteworthy 1489:1498 noteworthy that the postthaw recovery varied significantly with the composition of solutions containing the same three components and this variation exhibited an inverted U-shape behavior, indicating that there may be a "sweet spot" for different combinations of osmolytes 1489:1760 It is noteworthy that the postthaw recovery varied significantly with the composition of solutions containing the same three components and this variation exhibited an inverted U-shape behavior, indicating that there may be a "sweet spot" for different combinations of osmolytes. 27758133 0 20 theme Stromal 150:156 arg1 Survival 163:170 Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Survival 138:170 Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Survival 138:170 Combinations of Osmolytes, Including Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Sugar Alcohols Act in Concert During Cryopreservation to Improve Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Survival. 27758133 3 21 theme ice 657:659 arg1 formation 669:677 ice crystal formation 657:677 ice crystal formation behavior 657:686 Controlled cooling rate freezing, Raman microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were utilized to evaluate the differences in recovery and ice crystal formation behavior for solutions containing multiple cryoprotectants, including sugars, sugar alcohols, and small molecule additives. 27758133 10 22 dep biological 2064:2073 arg1 physical 2080:2087 physical 2080:2087 physical 2080:2087 Phase change behavior (solidification patterns and glass-forming tendency) did not differ for solutions with similar osmolarity, but differences in postthaw recovery suggest that biological, not physical, methods of protection are at play. 27758133 5 23 theme 2 h 1139:1141 arg1 times 1124:1128 incubation times 1113:1128 incubation times of up to 2 h before freezing 1113:1157 Maximum postthaw recovery was observed in these multiple osmolyte solutions with incubation times of up to 2 h before freezing. 27758133 4 24 theme solution 997:1004 arg1 composition 1006:1016 the solution composition 993:1016 the solution composition 993:1016 Postthaw recovery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in solutions containing multiple osmolytes have been shown to be comparable or better than that of MSCs frozen in 10% DMSO at 1°C/min when the solution composition is optimized. 27758133 5 25 dep 2 h 1139:1141 arg1 to 1136:1137 to 1136:1137 to 1136:1137 Maximum postthaw recovery was observed in these multiple osmolyte solutions with incubation times of up to 2 h before freezing. 27758133 8 26 contain containing 1582:1591 arg1 solutions 1572:1580 solutions 1572:1580 solutions containing the same three components 1572:1617 It is noteworthy that the postthaw recovery varied significantly with the composition of solutions containing the same three components and this variation exhibited an inverted U-shape behavior, indicating that there may be a "sweet spot" for different combinations of osmolytes. 27758133 8 26 contain containing 1582:1591 arg2 components 1608:1617 the same three components 1593:1617 the same three components 1593:1617 It is noteworthy that the postthaw recovery varied significantly with the composition of solutions containing the same three components and this variation exhibited an inverted U-shape behavior, indicating that there may be a "sweet spot" for different combinations of osmolytes. 27758133 0 27 theme Sugar 73:77 arg1 Alcohols 79:86 Sugar Alcohols 73:86 Sugar Alcohols 73:86 Combinations of Osmolytes, Including Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Sugar Alcohols Act in Concert During Cryopreservation to Improve Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Survival. 27758133 4 28 theme % 970:970 arg1 DMSO 972:975 10% DMSO 968:975 10% DMSO at 1°C/min 968:986 Postthaw recovery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in solutions containing multiple osmolytes have been shown to be comparable or better than that of MSCs frozen in 10% DMSO at 1°C/min when the solution composition is optimized. 27758133 4 29 from recovery 812:819 arg1 solutions 857:865 solutions 857:865 solutions containing multiple osmolytes 857:895 Postthaw recovery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in solutions containing multiple osmolytes have been shown to be comparable or better than that of MSCs frozen in 10% DMSO at 1°C/min when the solution composition is optimized. 27758133 9 30 theme solution 1810:1817 arg1 compositions 1819:1830 different solution compositions 1800:1830 different solution compositions 1800:1830 Raman images of freezing behavior in different solution compositions were consistent with the observed postthaw recovery. 27758133 4 31 theme mesenchymal 824:834 arg1 MSCs 848:851 MSCs 848:851 MSCs 848:851 Postthaw recovery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in solutions containing multiple osmolytes have been shown to be comparable or better than that of MSCs frozen in 10% DMSO at 1°C/min when the solution composition is optimized. 27758133 4 31 theme mesenchymal 824:834 arg1 cells 841:845 mesenchymal stem cells 824:845 mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 824:852 Postthaw recovery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in solutions containing multiple osmolytes have been shown to be comparable or better than that of MSCs frozen in 10% DMSO at 1°C/min when the solution composition is optimized. 27758133 2 32 theme osmolyte 422:429 arg1 solutions 431:439 multicomponent osmolyte solutions 407:439 multicomponent osmolyte solutions 407:439 The focus of this investigation involves expanding our understanding of multicomponent osmolyte solutions and their ability to preserve cell viability during freezing. 27758133 10 33 from differences 2018:2028 arg1 recovery 2042:2049 postthaw recovery 2033:2049 postthaw recovery 2033:2049 Phase change behavior (solidification patterns and glass-forming tendency) did not differ for solutions with similar osmolarity, but differences in postthaw recovery suggest that biological, not physical, methods of protection are at play. 27758133 6 34 from formation 1203:1211 arg1 cells 1230:1234 cryopreserved cells 1216:1234 cryopreserved cells incubated for shorter periods of time (∼30 min) 1216:1282 Raman images demonstrate large ice crystal formation in cryopreserved cells incubated for shorter periods of time (∼30 min), suggesting that longer permeation times are needed for these solutions. 27758133 12 35 theme non-DMSO 2341:2348 arg1 understanding 2324:2336 our understanding 2320:2336 our understanding of non-DMSO multicomponent cryoprotective solutions and the manner by which they enhance postthaw recovery 2320:2443 Taken together, the information from these studies increases our understanding of non-DMSO multicomponent cryoprotective solutions and the manner by which they enhance postthaw recovery. 27758133 7 36 from concentration 1389:1401 arg1 solution 1424:1431 solution 1424:1431 solution 1424:1431 Recovery was dependent upon the concentration of each component in solution, and was not strongly correlated with osmolarity. 27758133 8 37 theme solutions 1572:1580 arg1 composition 1557:1567 the composition 1553:1567 the composition of solutions containing the same three components 1553:1617 It is noteworthy that the postthaw recovery varied significantly with the composition of solutions containing the same three components and this variation exhibited an inverted U-shape behavior, indicating that there may be a "sweet spot" for different combinations of osmolytes. 27758133 0 38 theme Osmolytes 16:24 arg1 Combinations 0:11 Combinations 0:11 Combinations of Osmolytes, Including Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Sugar Alcohols 0:86 Combinations of Osmolytes, Including Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Sugar Alcohols Act in Concert During Cryopreservation to Improve Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Survival. 27758133 1 39 theme postthaw 295:302 arg1 function 304:311 poor postthaw function 290:311 poor postthaw function 290:311 There is demand for non-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) cryoprotective agents that maintain cell viability without causing poor postthaw function or systemic toxicity. 27758133 9 40 theme observed 1857:1864 arg1 recovery 1875:1882 the observed postthaw recovery 1853:1882 the observed postthaw recovery 1853:1882 Raman images of freezing behavior in different solution compositions were consistent with the observed postthaw recovery. 27758133 3 41 from differences 629:639 arg1 behavior 679:686 ice crystal formation behavior 657:686 ice crystal formation behavior 657:686 Controlled cooling rate freezing, Raman microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were utilized to evaluate the differences in recovery and ice crystal formation behavior for solutions containing multiple cryoprotectants, including sugars, sugar alcohols, and small molecule additives. 27758133 3 41 from differences 629:639 arg1 recovery 644:651 recovery 644:651 recovery 644:651 Controlled cooling rate freezing, Raman microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were utilized to evaluate the differences in recovery and ice crystal formation behavior for solutions containing multiple cryoprotectants, including sugars, sugar alcohols, and small molecule additives. 27758133 5 42 theme postthaw 1040:1047 arg1 recovery 1049:1056 Maximum postthaw recovery 1032:1056 Maximum postthaw recovery 1032:1056 Maximum postthaw recovery was observed in these multiple osmolyte solutions with incubation times of up to 2 h before freezing. 27758133 10 43 with solutions 1979:1987 arg1 osmolarity 2002:2011 similar osmolarity 1994:2011 similar osmolarity 1994:2011 Phase change behavior (solidification patterns and glass-forming tendency) did not differ for solutions with similar osmolarity, but differences in postthaw recovery suggest that biological, not physical, methods of protection are at play. 27758133 3 44 theme formation 669:677 arg1 behavior 679:686 ice crystal formation behavior 657:686 ice crystal formation behavior 657:686 Controlled cooling rate freezing, Raman microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were utilized to evaluate the differences in recovery and ice crystal formation behavior for solutions containing multiple cryoprotectants, including sugars, sugar alcohols, and small molecule additives. 27758133 3 45 theme freezing 527:534 arg1 rate 522:525 Controlled cooling rate freezing 503:534 Controlled cooling rate freezing 503:534 Controlled cooling rate freezing, Raman microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were utilized to evaluate the differences in recovery and ice crystal formation behavior for solutions containing multiple cryoprotectants, including sugars, sugar alcohols, and small molecule additives. 27758133 10 46 theme change 1891:1896 arg1 behavior 1898:1905 Phase change behavior 1885:1905 Phase change behavior (solidification patterns and glass-forming tendency) 1885:1958 Phase change behavior (solidification patterns and glass-forming tendency) did not differ for solutions with similar osmolarity, but differences in postthaw recovery suggest that biological, not physical, methods of protection are at play. 27758133 4 47 theme cells 841:845 arg1 recovery 812:819 Postthaw recovery 803:819 Postthaw recovery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in solutions containing multiple osmolytes 803:895 Postthaw recovery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in solutions containing multiple osmolytes have been shown to be comparable or better than that of MSCs frozen in 10% DMSO at 1°C/min when the solution composition is optimized. 27758133 3 48 theme cooling 514:520 arg1 rate 522:525 Controlled cooling rate freezing 503:534 Controlled cooling rate freezing 503:534 Controlled cooling rate freezing, Raman microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were utilized to evaluate the differences in recovery and ice crystal formation behavior for solutions containing multiple cryoprotectants, including sugars, sugar alcohols, and small molecule additives. 27758133 9 49 from images 1769:1774 arg1 compositions 1819:1830 different solution compositions 1800:1830 different solution compositions 1800:1830 Raman images of freezing behavior in different solution compositions were consistent with the observed postthaw recovery. 27758133 10 50 theme protection 2101:2110 arg1 methods 2090:2096 biological, not physical, methods 2064:2096 biological, not physical, methods of protection 2064:2110 Phase change behavior (solidification patterns and glass-forming tendency) did not differ for solutions with similar osmolarity, but differences in postthaw recovery suggest that biological, not physical, methods of protection are at play. 27758133 10 51 theme solidification 1908:1921 arg1 patterns 1923:1930 solidification patterns 1908:1930 solidification patterns 1908:1930 Phase change behavior (solidification patterns and glass-forming tendency) did not differ for solutions with similar osmolarity, but differences in postthaw recovery suggest that biological, not physical, methods of protection are at play. 27758133 9 52 theme freezing 1779:1786 arg1 behavior 1788:1795 freezing behavior 1779:1795 freezing behavior 1779:1795 Raman images of freezing behavior in different solution compositions were consistent with the observed postthaw recovery. 27758133 6 53 theme permeation 1308:1317 arg1 times 1319:1323 longer permeation times 1301:1323 longer permeation times 1301:1323 Raman images demonstrate large ice crystal formation in cryopreserved cells incubated for shorter periods of time (∼30 min), suggesting that longer permeation times are needed for these solutions. 27758133 3 54 theme Raman 537:541 arg1 microscopy 543:552 Raman microscopy 537:552 Raman microscopy 537:552 Controlled cooling rate freezing, Raman microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were utilized to evaluate the differences in recovery and ice crystal formation behavior for solutions containing multiple cryoprotectants, including sugars, sugar alcohols, and small molecule additives. 27758133 8 55 theme postthaw 1509:1516 arg1 recovery 1518:1525 the postthaw recovery 1505:1525 the postthaw recovery 1505:1525 It is noteworthy that the postthaw recovery varied significantly with the composition of solutions containing the same three components and this variation exhibited an inverted U-shape behavior, indicating that there may be a "sweet spot" for different combinations of osmolytes. 27758133 11 56 theme glucose 2159:2165 arg1 substitution 2143:2154 molecular substitution 2133:2154 molecular substitution of glucose (a monosaccharide) for sucrose (a disaccharide) 2133:2213 Lastly, molecular substitution of glucose (a monosaccharide) for sucrose (a disaccharide) resulted in a significant drop in recovery. 27758133 10 57 theme Phase 1885:1889 arg1 behavior 1898:1905 Phase change behavior 1885:1905 Phase change behavior (solidification patterns and glass-forming tendency) 1885:1958 Phase change behavior (solidification patterns and glass-forming tendency) did not differ for solutions with similar osmolarity, but differences in postthaw recovery suggest that biological, not physical, methods of protection are at play. 27758133 8 58 theme U-shape 1660:1666 arg1 behavior 1668:1675 an inverted U-shape behavior 1648:1675 an inverted U-shape behavior 1648:1675 It is noteworthy that the postthaw recovery varied significantly with the composition of solutions containing the same three components and this variation exhibited an inverted U-shape behavior, indicating that there may be a "sweet spot" for different combinations of osmolytes. 27758133 8 59 theme sweet 1710:1714 arg1 " 1720:1720 a "sweet spot" 1707:1720 a "sweet spot" for different combinations of osmolytes 1707:1760 It is noteworthy that the postthaw recovery varied significantly with the composition of solutions containing the same three components and this variation exhibited an inverted U-shape behavior, indicating that there may be a "sweet spot" for different combinations of osmolytes. 27758133 10 60 dep behavior 1898:1905 arg1 patterns 1923:1930 solidification patterns 1908:1930 solidification patterns 1908:1930 Phase change behavior (solidification patterns and glass-forming tendency) did not differ for solutions with similar osmolarity, but differences in postthaw recovery suggest that biological, not physical, methods of protection are at play. 27758133 10 60 dep behavior 1898:1905 arg1 tendency 1950:1957 glass-forming tendency 1936:1957 glass-forming tendency 1936:1957 Phase change behavior (solidification patterns and glass-forming tendency) did not differ for solutions with similar osmolarity, but differences in postthaw recovery suggest that biological, not physical, methods of protection are at play. 27758133 3 61 theme differential 559:570 arg1 calorimetry 581:591 differential scanning calorimetry 559:591 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 559:597 Controlled cooling rate freezing, Raman microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were utilized to evaluate the differences in recovery and ice crystal formation behavior for solutions containing multiple cryoprotectants, including sugars, sugar alcohols, and small molecule additives. 27758133 3 61 theme differential 559:570 arg1 DSC 594:596 DSC 594:596 DSC 594:596 Controlled cooling rate freezing, Raman microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were utilized to evaluate the differences in recovery and ice crystal formation behavior for solutions containing multiple cryoprotectants, including sugars, sugar alcohols, and small molecule additives. 27758133 4 62 theme multiple 878:885 arg1 osmolytes 887:895 multiple osmolytes 878:895 multiple osmolytes 878:895 Postthaw recovery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in solutions containing multiple osmolytes have been shown to be comparable or better than that of MSCs frozen in 10% DMSO at 1°C/min when the solution composition is optimized. 27758133 6 63 theme ice 1191:1193 arg1 formation 1203:1211 large ice crystal formation 1185:1211 large ice crystal formation in cryopreserved cells incubated for shorter periods of time (∼30 min) 1185:1282 Raman images demonstrate large ice crystal formation in cryopreserved cells incubated for shorter periods of time (∼30 min), suggesting that longer permeation times are needed for these solutions. 27758133 11 64 theme significant 2229:2239 arg1 drop 2241:2244 a significant drop 2227:2244 a significant drop in recovery 2227:2256 Lastly, molecular substitution of glucose (a monosaccharide) for sucrose (a disaccharide) resulted in a significant drop in recovery. 27758133 8 65 theme different 1726:1734 arg1 combinations 1736:1747 different combinations 1726:1747 different combinations of osmolytes 1726:1760 It is noteworthy that the postthaw recovery varied significantly with the composition of solutions containing the same three components and this variation exhibited an inverted U-shape behavior, indicating that there may be a "sweet spot" for different combinations of osmolytes. 27758133 10 66 theme glass-forming 1936:1948 arg1 tendency 1950:1957 glass-forming tendency 1936:1957 glass-forming tendency 1936:1957 Phase change behavior (solidification patterns and glass-forming tendency) did not differ for solutions with similar osmolarity, but differences in postthaw recovery suggest that biological, not physical, methods of protection are at play. 27758133 1 67 theme non-dimethyl 193:204 arg1 sulfoxide 206:214 non-dimethyl sulfoxide 193:214 non-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) cryoprotective agents that maintain cell viability without causing poor postthaw function or systemic toxicity 193:332 There is demand for non-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) cryoprotective agents that maintain cell viability without causing poor postthaw function or systemic toxicity. 27758133 1 67 theme non-dimethyl 193:204 arg1 DMSO 217:220 DMSO 217:220 DMSO 217:220 There is demand for non-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) cryoprotective agents that maintain cell viability without causing poor postthaw function or systemic toxicity. 27758133 6 68 theme Raman 1160:1164 arg1 images 1166:1171 Raman images 1160:1171 Raman images 1160:1171 Raman images demonstrate large ice crystal formation in cryopreserved cells incubated for shorter periods of time (∼30 min), suggesting that longer permeation times are needed for these solutions. 27758133 3 69 theme molecule 783:790 arg1 additives 792:800 small molecule additives 777:800 small molecule additives 777:800 Controlled cooling rate freezing, Raman microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were utilized to evaluate the differences in recovery and ice crystal formation behavior for solutions containing multiple cryoprotectants, including sugars, sugar alcohols, and small molecule additives. 27758133 0 70 theme Mesenchymal 138:148 arg1 Survival 163:170 Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Survival 138:170 Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Survival 138:170 Combinations of Osmolytes, Including Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Sugar Alcohols Act in Concert During Cryopreservation to Improve Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Survival. 27758133 7 71 theme component 1411:1419 arg1 concentration 1389:1401 the concentration 1385:1401 the concentration of each component in solution 1385:1431 Recovery was dependent upon the concentration of each component in solution, and was not strongly correlated with osmolarity. 27758133 10 72 theme postthaw 2033:2040 arg1 recovery 2042:2049 postthaw recovery 2033:2049 postthaw recovery 2033:2049 Phase change behavior (solidification patterns and glass-forming tendency) did not differ for solutions with similar osmolarity, but differences in postthaw recovery suggest that biological, not physical, methods of protection are at play. 27758133 0 73 theme Cell 158:161 arg1 Survival 163:170 Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Survival 138:170 Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Survival 138:170 Combinations of Osmolytes, Including Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Sugar Alcohols Act in Concert During Cryopreservation to Improve Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Survival. 27758133 5 74 theme incubation 1113:1122 arg1 times 1124:1128 incubation times 1113:1128 incubation times of up to 2 h before freezing 1113:1157 Maximum postthaw recovery was observed in these multiple osmolyte solutions with incubation times of up to 2 h before freezing. 27758133 6 75 theme shorter 1250:1256 arg1 periods 1258:1264 shorter periods 1250:1264 shorter periods of time (∼30 min) 1250:1282 Raman images demonstrate large ice crystal formation in cryopreserved cells incubated for shorter periods of time (∼30 min), suggesting that longer permeation times are needed for these solutions. 27758133 9 76 theme Raman 1763:1767 arg1 images 1769:1774 Raman images 1763:1774 Raman images of freezing behavior in different solution compositions 1763:1830 Raman images of freezing behavior in different solution compositions were consistent with the observed postthaw recovery. 27758133 12 77 theme multicomponent 2350:2363 arg1 solutions 2380:2388 multicomponent cryoprotective solutions 2350:2388 multicomponent cryoprotective solutions 2350:2388 Taken together, the information from these studies increases our understanding of non-DMSO multicomponent cryoprotective solutions and the manner by which they enhance postthaw recovery. 27758133 10 78 theme biological 2064:2073 arg1 methods 2090:2096 biological, not physical, methods 2064:2096 biological, not physical, methods of protection 2064:2110 Phase change behavior (solidification patterns and glass-forming tendency) did not differ for solutions with similar osmolarity, but differences in postthaw recovery suggest that biological, not physical, methods of protection are at play. 27758133 5 79 theme multiple 1080:1087 arg1 solutions 1098:1106 these multiple osmolyte solutions 1074:1106 these multiple osmolyte solutions 1074:1106 Maximum postthaw recovery was observed in these multiple osmolyte solutions with incubation times of up to 2 h before freezing. 27758133 6 80 theme cryopreserved 1216:1228 arg1 cells 1230:1234 cryopreserved cells 1216:1234 cryopreserved cells incubated for shorter periods of time (∼30 min) 1216:1282 Raman images demonstrate large ice crystal formation in cryopreserved cells incubated for shorter periods of time (∼30 min), suggesting that longer permeation times are needed for these solutions. 27758133 9 81 theme different 1800:1808 arg1 compositions 1819:1830 different solution compositions 1800:1830 different solution compositions 1800:1830 Raman images of freezing behavior in different solution compositions were consistent with the observed postthaw recovery. 27758133 12 82 from studies 2302:2308 arg1 information 2279:2289 the information 2275:2289 the information from these studies 2275:2308 Taken together, the information from these studies increases our understanding of non-DMSO multicomponent cryoprotective solutions and the manner by which they enhance postthaw recovery. 27758133 9 83 theme behavior 1788:1795 arg1 images 1769:1774 Raman images 1763:1774 Raman images of freezing behavior in different solution compositions 1763:1830 Raman images of freezing behavior in different solution compositions were consistent with the observed postthaw recovery. 27758133 4 84 contain containing 867:876 arg1 solutions 857:865 solutions 857:865 solutions containing multiple osmolytes 857:895 Postthaw recovery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in solutions containing multiple osmolytes have been shown to be comparable or better than that of MSCs frozen in 10% DMSO at 1°C/min when the solution composition is optimized. 27758133 4 84 contain containing 867:876 arg2 osmolytes 887:895 multiple osmolytes 878:895 multiple osmolytes 878:895 Postthaw recovery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in solutions containing multiple osmolytes have been shown to be comparable or better than that of MSCs frozen in 10% DMSO at 1°C/min when the solution composition is optimized. 27758133 4 85 theme 10 968:969 arg1 % 970:970 % 970:970 % 970:970 Postthaw recovery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in solutions containing multiple osmolytes have been shown to be comparable or better than that of MSCs frozen in 10% DMSO at 1°C/min when the solution composition is optimized. 27758133 4 86 theme Postthaw 803:810 arg1 recovery 812:819 Postthaw recovery 803:819 Postthaw recovery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in solutions containing multiple osmolytes 803:895 Postthaw recovery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in solutions containing multiple osmolytes have been shown to be comparable or better than that of MSCs frozen in 10% DMSO at 1°C/min when the solution composition is optimized. 27758133 1 87 theme sulfoxide 206:214 arg1 agents 238:243 non-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) cryoprotective agents 193:243 non-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) cryoprotective agents that maintain cell viability without causing poor postthaw function or systemic toxicity 193:332 There is demand for non-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) cryoprotective agents that maintain cell viability without causing poor postthaw function or systemic toxicity. 27758133 12 88 dep non-DMSO 2341:2348 arg1 solutions 2380:2388 multicomponent cryoprotective solutions 2350:2388 multicomponent cryoprotective solutions 2350:2388 Taken together, the information from these studies increases our understanding of non-DMSO multicomponent cryoprotective solutions and the manner by which they enhance postthaw recovery. 27758133 2 89 theme multicomponent 407:420 arg1 solutions 431:439 multicomponent osmolyte solutions 407:439 multicomponent osmolyte solutions 407:439 The focus of this investigation involves expanding our understanding of multicomponent osmolyte solutions and their ability to preserve cell viability during freezing. 27758133 10 90 theme similar 1994:2000 arg1 osmolarity 2002:2011 similar osmolarity 1994:2011 similar osmolarity 1994:2011 Phase change behavior (solidification patterns and glass-forming tendency) did not differ for solutions with similar osmolarity, but differences in postthaw recovery suggest that biological, not physical, methods of protection are at play. 27758133 2 91 theme cell 471:474 arg1 viability 476:484 cell viability 471:484 cell viability 471:484 The focus of this investigation involves expanding our understanding of multicomponent osmolyte solutions and their ability to preserve cell viability during freezing. 27758133 1 92 theme poor 290:293 arg1 function 304:311 poor postthaw function 290:311 poor postthaw function 290:311 There is demand for non-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) cryoprotective agents that maintain cell viability without causing poor postthaw function or systemic toxicity. 27758133 8 93 theme same 1597:1600 arg1 components 1608:1617 the same three components 1593:1617 the same three components 1593:1617 It is noteworthy that the postthaw recovery varied significantly with the composition of solutions containing the same three components and this variation exhibited an inverted U-shape behavior, indicating that there may be a "sweet spot" for different combinations of osmolytes. 27758133 3 94 theme Controlled 503:512 arg1 rate 522:525 Controlled cooling rate freezing 503:534 Controlled cooling rate freezing 503:534 Controlled cooling rate freezing, Raman microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were utilized to evaluate the differences in recovery and ice crystal formation behavior for solutions containing multiple cryoprotectants, including sugars, sugar alcohols, and small molecule additives. 27758133 5 95 theme Maximum 1032:1038 arg1 recovery 1049:1056 Maximum postthaw recovery 1032:1056 Maximum postthaw recovery 1032:1056 Maximum postthaw recovery was observed in these multiple osmolyte solutions with incubation times of up to 2 h before freezing. 27758133 9 96 theme postthaw 1866:1873 arg1 recovery 1875:1882 the observed postthaw recovery 1853:1882 the observed postthaw recovery 1853:1882 Raman images of freezing behavior in different solution compositions were consistent with the observed postthaw recovery. 27758133 3 97 theme crystal 661:667 arg1 formation 669:677 ice crystal formation 657:677 ice crystal formation behavior 657:686 Controlled cooling rate freezing, Raman microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were utilized to evaluate the differences in recovery and ice crystal formation behavior for solutions containing multiple cryoprotectants, including sugars, sugar alcohols, and small molecule additives. 27758133 2 98 theme solutions 431:439 arg1 understanding 390:402 our understanding 386:402 our understanding of multicomponent osmolyte solutions 386:439 The focus of this investigation involves expanding our understanding of multicomponent osmolyte solutions and their ability to preserve cell viability during freezing. 27758133 2 98 theme solutions 431:439 arg1 ability 451:457 their ability to preserve cell viability during freezing 445:500 their ability to preserve cell viability during freezing 445:500 The focus of this investigation involves expanding our understanding of multicomponent osmolyte solutions and their ability to preserve cell viability during freezing. 27758133 1 99 theme systemic 316:323 arg1 toxicity 325:332 systemic toxicity 316:332 systemic toxicity 316:332 There is demand for non-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) cryoprotective agents that maintain cell viability without causing poor postthaw function or systemic toxicity. 27758133 3 100 theme multiple 713:720 arg1 cryoprotectants 722:736 multiple cryoprotectants 713:736 multiple cryoprotectants 713:736 Controlled cooling rate freezing, Raman microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were utilized to evaluate the differences in recovery and ice crystal formation behavior for solutions containing multiple cryoprotectants, including sugars, sugar alcohols, and small molecule additives. 27758133 12 101 theme postthaw 2427:2434 arg1 recovery 2436:2443 postthaw recovery 2427:2443 postthaw recovery 2427:2443 Taken together, the information from these studies increases our understanding of non-DMSO multicomponent cryoprotective solutions and the manner by which they enhance postthaw recovery. 27758133 11 102 from drop 2241:2244 arg1 recovery 2249:2256 recovery 2249:2256 recovery 2249:2256 Lastly, molecular substitution of glucose (a monosaccharide) for sucrose (a disaccharide) resulted in a significant drop in recovery. 27758133 4 103 theme stem 836:839 arg1 MSCs 848:851 MSCs 848:851 MSCs 848:851 Postthaw recovery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in solutions containing multiple osmolytes have been shown to be comparable or better than that of MSCs frozen in 10% DMSO at 1°C/min when the solution composition is optimized. 27758133 4 103 theme stem 836:839 arg1 cells 841:845 mesenchymal stem cells 824:845 mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 824:852 Postthaw recovery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in solutions containing multiple osmolytes have been shown to be comparable or better than that of MSCs frozen in 10% DMSO at 1°C/min when the solution composition is optimized. 27758133 1 104 theme cryoprotective 223:236 arg1 agents 238:243 non-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) cryoprotective agents 193:243 non-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) cryoprotective agents that maintain cell viability without causing poor postthaw function or systemic toxicity 193:332 There is demand for non-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) cryoprotective agents that maintain cell viability without causing poor postthaw function or systemic toxicity. 27758133 8 105 theme inverted 1651:1658 arg1 U-shape 1660:1666 an inverted U-shape 1648:1666 an inverted U-shape behavior 1648:1675 It is noteworthy that the postthaw recovery varied significantly with the composition of solutions containing the same three components and this variation exhibited an inverted U-shape behavior, indicating that there may be a "sweet spot" for different combinations of osmolytes. 27758133 4 106 from 1°C/min 980:986 arg1 DMSO 972:975 10% DMSO 968:975 10% DMSO at 1°C/min 968:986 Postthaw recovery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in solutions containing multiple osmolytes have been shown to be comparable or better than that of MSCs frozen in 10% DMSO at 1°C/min when the solution composition is optimized. 24978466 2 0 with hemodialysis 235:246 arg1 focus 255:259 a focus 253:259 a focus on blood electrodialysis and electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal using polypyrrole 253:367 This work summarizes the various aspects of using electrochemically assisted solute removal techniques in hemodialysis with a focus on blood electrodialysis and electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal using polypyrrole. 24978466 2 1 theme solute 336:341 arg1 removal 343:349 electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal 290:349 electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal 290:349 This work summarizes the various aspects of using electrochemically assisted solute removal techniques in hemodialysis with a focus on blood electrodialysis and electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal using polypyrrole. 24978466 4 2 theme controlled 674:683 arg1 techniques 717:726 the electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal techniques 652:726 the electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal techniques 652:726 The potential benefits and the current limitations associated with using the electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal techniques are discussed in detail. 24978466 2 3 theme retention 326:334 arg1 removal 343:349 electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal 290:349 electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal 290:349 This work summarizes the various aspects of using electrochemically assisted solute removal techniques in hemodialysis with a focus on blood electrodialysis and electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal using polypyrrole. 24978466 2 4 theme uremic 319:324 arg1 removal 343:349 electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal 290:349 electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal 290:349 This work summarizes the various aspects of using electrochemically assisted solute removal techniques in hemodialysis with a focus on blood electrodialysis and electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal using polypyrrole. 24978466 2 5 theme various 154:160 arg1 aspects 162:168 the various aspects 150:168 the various aspects of using electrochemically assisted solute removal techniques in hemodialysis with a focus on blood electrodialysis and electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal using polypyrrole 150:367 This work summarizes the various aspects of using electrochemically assisted solute removal techniques in hemodialysis with a focus on blood electrodialysis and electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal using polypyrrole. 24978466 2 6 theme controlled 308:317 arg1 removal 343:349 electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal 290:349 electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal 290:349 This work summarizes the various aspects of using electrochemically assisted solute removal techniques in hemodialysis with a focus on blood electrodialysis and electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal using polypyrrole. 24978466 3 7 theme polypyrrole-Cladophora 435:456 arg1 membranes 468:476 highly porous conductive polypyrrole-Cladophora cellulose membranes 410:476 highly porous conductive polypyrrole-Cladophora cellulose membranes for hemodialysis 410:493 In particular, the feasibility of using highly porous conductive polypyrrole-Cladophora cellulose membranes for hemodialysis are overviewed as a part of our dedicated research efforts during the past 4 years. 24978466 2 8 from focus 255:259 arg1 electrodialysis 270:284 blood electrodialysis 264:284 blood electrodialysis 264:284 This work summarizes the various aspects of using electrochemically assisted solute removal techniques in hemodialysis with a focus on blood electrodialysis and electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal using polypyrrole. 24978466 2 8 from focus 255:259 arg1 removal 343:349 electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal 290:349 electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal 290:349 This work summarizes the various aspects of using electrochemically assisted solute removal techniques in hemodialysis with a focus on blood electrodialysis and electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal using polypyrrole. 24978466 3 9 theme cellulose 458:466 arg1 membranes 468:476 highly porous conductive polypyrrole-Cladophora cellulose membranes 410:476 highly porous conductive polypyrrole-Cladophora cellulose membranes for hemodialysis 410:493 In particular, the feasibility of using highly porous conductive polypyrrole-Cladophora cellulose membranes for hemodialysis are overviewed as a part of our dedicated research efforts during the past 4 years. 24978466 3 10 theme porous 417:422 arg1 membranes 468:476 highly porous conductive polypyrrole-Cladophora cellulose membranes 410:476 highly porous conductive polypyrrole-Cladophora cellulose membranes for hemodialysis 410:493 In particular, the feasibility of using highly porous conductive polypyrrole-Cladophora cellulose membranes for hemodialysis are overviewed as a part of our dedicated research efforts during the past 4 years. 24978466 4 11 theme current 610:616 arg1 limitations 618:628 the current limitations 606:628 the current limitations 606:628 The potential benefits and the current limitations associated with using the electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal techniques are discussed in detail. 24978466 1 12 theme polypyrrole-nanocellulose 91:115 arg1 composites 117:126 polypyrrole-nanocellulose composites 91:126 polypyrrole-nanocellulose composites 91:126 Focus on the application of polypyrrole-nanocellulose composites. 24978466 3 13 theme dedicated 527:535 arg1 efforts 546:552 our dedicated research efforts 523:552 our dedicated research efforts 523:552 In particular, the feasibility of using highly porous conductive polypyrrole-Cladophora cellulose membranes for hemodialysis are overviewed as a part of our dedicated research efforts during the past 4 years. 24978466 3 14 theme conductive 424:433 arg1 membranes 468:476 highly porous conductive polypyrrole-Cladophora cellulose membranes 410:476 highly porous conductive polypyrrole-Cladophora cellulose membranes for hemodialysis 410:493 In particular, the feasibility of using highly porous conductive polypyrrole-Cladophora cellulose membranes for hemodialysis are overviewed as a part of our dedicated research efforts during the past 4 years. 24978466 2 15 theme solute 206:211 arg1 techniques 221:230 electrochemically assisted solute removal techniques 179:230 electrochemically assisted solute removal techniques 179:230 This work summarizes the various aspects of using electrochemically assisted solute removal techniques in hemodialysis with a focus on blood electrodialysis and electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal using polypyrrole. 24978466 1 16 theme composites 117:126 arg1 application 76:86 the application 72:86 the application of polypyrrole-nanocellulose composites 72:126 Focus on the application of polypyrrole-nanocellulose composites. 24978466 3 17 theme research 537:544 arg1 efforts 546:552 our dedicated research efforts 523:552 our dedicated research efforts 523:552 In particular, the feasibility of using highly porous conductive polypyrrole-Cladophora cellulose membranes for hemodialysis are overviewed as a part of our dedicated research efforts during the past 4 years. 24978466 2 18 theme assisted 197:204 arg1 techniques 221:230 electrochemically assisted solute removal techniques 179:230 electrochemically assisted solute removal techniques 179:230 This work summarizes the various aspects of using electrochemically assisted solute removal techniques in hemodialysis with a focus on blood electrodialysis and electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal using polypyrrole. 24978466 4 19 theme potential 583:591 arg1 benefits 593:600 The potential benefits 579:600 The potential benefits 579:600 The potential benefits and the current limitations associated with using the electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal techniques are discussed in detail. 24978466 0 20 theme assisted 40:47 arg1 hemodialysis 49:60 electrochemically assisted hemodialysis 22:60 electrochemically assisted hemodialysis 22:60 Is there a future for electrochemically assisted hemodialysis? 24978466 3 21 theme past 565:568 arg1 years 572:576 the past 4 years 561:576 the past 4 years 561:576 In particular, the feasibility of using highly porous conductive polypyrrole-Cladophora cellulose membranes for hemodialysis are overviewed as a part of our dedicated research efforts during the past 4 years. 24978466 3 22 theme efforts 546:552 arg1 part 515:518 a part 513:518 a part of our dedicated research efforts 513:552 In particular, the feasibility of using highly porous conductive polypyrrole-Cladophora cellulose membranes for hemodialysis are overviewed as a part of our dedicated research efforts during the past 4 years. 24978466 3 22 theme efforts 546:552 arg1 feasibility 389:399 the feasibility 385:399 the feasibility of using highly porous conductive polypyrrole-Cladophora cellulose membranes for hemodialysis 385:493 In particular, the feasibility of using highly porous conductive polypyrrole-Cladophora cellulose membranes for hemodialysis are overviewed as a part of our dedicated research efforts during the past 4 years. 24978466 4 23 theme retention 692:700 arg1 techniques 717:726 the electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal techniques 652:726 the electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal techniques 652:726 The potential benefits and the current limitations associated with using the electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal techniques are discussed in detail. 24978466 4 24 theme uremic 685:690 arg1 techniques 717:726 the electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal techniques 652:726 the electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal techniques 652:726 The potential benefits and the current limitations associated with using the electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal techniques are discussed in detail. 24978466 2 25 theme removal 213:219 arg1 techniques 221:230 electrochemically assisted solute removal techniques 179:230 electrochemically assisted solute removal techniques 179:230 This work summarizes the various aspects of using electrochemically assisted solute removal techniques in hemodialysis with a focus on blood electrodialysis and electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal using polypyrrole. 24978466 4 26 theme removal 709:715 arg1 techniques 717:726 the electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal techniques 652:726 the electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal techniques 652:726 The potential benefits and the current limitations associated with using the electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal techniques are discussed in detail. 24978466 2 27 theme blood 264:268 arg1 electrodialysis 270:284 blood electrodialysis 264:284 blood electrodialysis 264:284 This work summarizes the various aspects of using electrochemically assisted solute removal techniques in hemodialysis with a focus on blood electrodialysis and electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal using polypyrrole. 24978466 4 28 theme solute 702:707 arg1 techniques 717:726 the electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal techniques 652:726 the electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal techniques 652:726 The potential benefits and the current limitations associated with using the electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal techniques are discussed in detail. 24865837 4 0 theme hair-like 867:875 arg1 crystals 881:888 the short hair-like HOA crystals 857:888 the short hair-like HOA crystals 857:888 The formation mechanism of the short hair-like HOA crystals as well as the structure and properties of the cellulose/HOA submicrometer composite films were studied. 24865837 8 1 theme design 1643:1648 arg1 materials 1677:1685 design bio-inspired submicrometer materials 1643:1685 design bio-inspired submicrometer materials 1643:1685 This work opens up a novel one-step pathway to design bio-inspired submicrometer materials by utilizing natural products, showing potential applications in self-cleaning optical devices. 24865837 8 2 theme potential 1726:1734 arg1 applications 1736:1747 potential applications 1726:1747 potential applications 1726:1747 This work opens up a novel one-step pathway to design bio-inspired submicrometer materials by utilizing natural products, showing potential applications in self-cleaning optical devices. 24865837 7 3 used used 1432:1435 arg2 acid 1379:1382 4-(1,2,2-triphenylethenyl) benzoic acid 1344:1382 4-(1,2,2-triphenylethenyl) benzoic acid 1344:1382 Furthermore, 4-(1,2,2-triphenylethenyl) benzoic acid, an aggregation-induced emission luminogen, was used to aggregate on the cellulose surface with HOA to emit and monitor the HOA crystal growth, showing bifunctional photoluminscence and self-cleaning properties. 24865837 7 3 used used 1432:1435 arg2 luminogen 1417:1425 an aggregation-induced emission luminogen 1385:1425 an aggregation-induced emission luminogen 1385:1425 Furthermore, 4-(1,2,2-triphenylethenyl) benzoic acid, an aggregation-induced emission luminogen, was used to aggregate on the cellulose surface with HOA to emit and monitor the HOA crystal growth, showing bifunctional photoluminscence and self-cleaning properties. 24865837 1 4 theme numerous 168:175 arg1 pores 177:181 numerous pores 168:181 numerous pores on animal skins 168:197 As one of the most ordinary phenomena in nature, numerous pores on animal skins induce the growth of abundant hairs. 24865837 8 5 theme optical 1766:1772 arg1 devices 1774:1780 self-cleaning optical devices 1752:1780 self-cleaning optical devices 1752:1780 This work opens up a novel one-step pathway to design bio-inspired submicrometer materials by utilizing natural products, showing potential applications in self-cleaning optical devices. 24865837 7 6 theme aggregation-induced 1388:1406 arg1 luminogen 1417:1425 an aggregation-induced emission luminogen 1385:1425 an aggregation-induced emission luminogen 1385:1425 Furthermore, 4-(1,2,2-triphenylethenyl) benzoic acid, an aggregation-induced emission luminogen, was used to aggregate on the cellulose surface with HOA to emit and monitor the HOA crystal growth, showing bifunctional photoluminscence and self-cleaning properties. 24865837 7 6 theme aggregation-induced 1388:1406 arg1 acid 1379:1382 4-(1,2,2-triphenylethenyl) benzoic acid 1344:1382 4-(1,2,2-triphenylethenyl) benzoic acid 1344:1382 Furthermore, 4-(1,2,2-triphenylethenyl) benzoic acid, an aggregation-induced emission luminogen, was used to aggregate on the cellulose surface with HOA to emit and monitor the HOA crystal growth, showing bifunctional photoluminscence and self-cleaning properties. 24865837 2 7 theme cellulose 265:273 arg1 matrix 275:280 a cellulose matrix 263:280 a cellulose matrix 263:280 In this study, cavities of a cellulose matrix were used as hard templates to lead the hair-inspired crystal growth of 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (HOA) through hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface interaction, and short hair-like HOA crystals with a smooth surface were formed on cellulose films. 24865837 6 8 theme high 1245:1248 arg1 hydrophobicity 1250:1263 high hydrophobicity 1245:1263 high hydrophobicity 1245:1263 The cellulose/HOA submicrometer composite films exhibited high hydrophobicity, as a result of the formation of the solid/air composite surface. 24865837 6 8 theme high 1245:1248 arg1 result 1271:1276 a result 1269:1276 a result of the formation of the solid/air composite surface 1269:1328 The cellulose/HOA submicrometer composite films exhibited high hydrophobicity, as a result of the formation of the solid/air composite surface. 24865837 3 9 theme nm 762:763 arg1 diameter 740:747 an average diameter 729:747 an average diameter of about 200 nm 729:763 In our findings, by using solvent evaporation induced crystallization, hydrophobic HOA grew along the hydrophilic cellulose pore wall to form regular vertical worm-like and pillar-like crystals with an average diameter of about 200 nm, depending on the experimental conditions and HOA concentration. 24865837 6 10 theme surface 1322:1328 arg1 formation 1285:1293 the formation 1281:1293 the formation of the solid/air composite surface 1281:1328 The cellulose/HOA submicrometer composite films exhibited high hydrophobicity, as a result of the formation of the solid/air composite surface. 24865837 5 11 theme HOA 1064:1066 arg1 fixation 1077:1084 the HOA crystals fixation 1060:1084 the HOA crystals fixation 1060:1084 The pores of the cellulose matrix supplied not only cavities for the HOA crystals fixation but also hydrophilic shells to favor the vertical growth of the relatively hydrophobic HOA crystals. 24865837 3 12 theme induced 576:582 arg1 crystallization 584:598 solvent evaporation induced crystallization 556:598 solvent evaporation induced crystallization 556:598 In our findings, by using solvent evaporation induced crystallization, hydrophobic HOA grew along the hydrophilic cellulose pore wall to form regular vertical worm-like and pillar-like crystals with an average diameter of about 200 nm, depending on the experimental conditions and HOA concentration. 24865837 4 13 theme crystals 881:888 arg1 properties 919:928 properties 919:928 properties 919:928 The formation mechanism of the short hair-like HOA crystals as well as the structure and properties of the cellulose/HOA submicrometer composite films were studied. 24865837 4 13 theme crystals 881:888 arg1 mechanism 844:852 The formation mechanism 830:852 The formation mechanism of the short hair-like HOA crystals as well as the structure and properties of the cellulose/HOA submicrometer composite films 830:979 The formation mechanism of the short hair-like HOA crystals as well as the structure and properties of the cellulose/HOA submicrometer composite films were studied. 24865837 4 13 theme crystals 881:888 arg1 structure 905:913 structure 905:913 structure 905:913 The formation mechanism of the short hair-like HOA crystals as well as the structure and properties of the cellulose/HOA submicrometer composite films were studied. 24865837 7 14 theme benzoic 1371:1377 arg1 luminogen 1417:1425 an aggregation-induced emission luminogen 1385:1425 an aggregation-induced emission luminogen 1385:1425 Furthermore, 4-(1,2,2-triphenylethenyl) benzoic acid, an aggregation-induced emission luminogen, was used to aggregate on the cellulose surface with HOA to emit and monitor the HOA crystal growth, showing bifunctional photoluminscence and self-cleaning properties. 24865837 7 14 theme benzoic 1371:1377 arg1 acid 1379:1382 4-(1,2,2-triphenylethenyl) benzoic acid 1344:1382 4-(1,2,2-triphenylethenyl) benzoic acid 1344:1382 Furthermore, 4-(1,2,2-triphenylethenyl) benzoic acid, an aggregation-induced emission luminogen, was used to aggregate on the cellulose surface with HOA to emit and monitor the HOA crystal growth, showing bifunctional photoluminscence and self-cleaning properties. 24865837 6 15 theme solid/air 1302:1310 arg1 surface 1322:1328 the solid/air composite surface 1298:1328 the solid/air composite surface 1298:1328 The cellulose/HOA submicrometer composite films exhibited high hydrophobicity, as a result of the formation of the solid/air composite surface. 24865837 3 16 theme solvent 556:562 arg1 crystallization 584:598 solvent evaporation induced crystallization 556:598 solvent evaporation induced crystallization 556:598 In our findings, by using solvent evaporation induced crystallization, hydrophobic HOA grew along the hydrophilic cellulose pore wall to form regular vertical worm-like and pillar-like crystals with an average diameter of about 200 nm, depending on the experimental conditions and HOA concentration. 24865837 6 17 theme submicrometer 1205:1217 arg1 films 1229:1233 The cellulose/HOA submicrometer composite films 1187:1233 The cellulose/HOA submicrometer composite films 1187:1233 The cellulose/HOA submicrometer composite films exhibited high hydrophobicity, as a result of the formation of the solid/air composite surface. 24865837 7 18 theme 1,2,2-triphenylethenyl 1347:1368 arg1 luminogen 1417:1425 an aggregation-induced emission luminogen 1385:1425 an aggregation-induced emission luminogen 1385:1425 Furthermore, 4-(1,2,2-triphenylethenyl) benzoic acid, an aggregation-induced emission luminogen, was used to aggregate on the cellulose surface with HOA to emit and monitor the HOA crystal growth, showing bifunctional photoluminscence and self-cleaning properties. 24865837 7 18 theme 1,2,2-triphenylethenyl 1347:1368 arg1 acid 1379:1382 4-(1,2,2-triphenylethenyl) benzoic acid 1344:1382 4-(1,2,2-triphenylethenyl) benzoic acid 1344:1382 Furthermore, 4-(1,2,2-triphenylethenyl) benzoic acid, an aggregation-induced emission luminogen, was used to aggregate on the cellulose surface with HOA to emit and monitor the HOA crystal growth, showing bifunctional photoluminscence and self-cleaning properties. 24865837 1 19 from pores 177:181 arg1 skins 193:197 animal skins 186:197 animal skins 186:197 As one of the most ordinary phenomena in nature, numerous pores on animal skins induce the growth of abundant hairs. 24865837 4 20 theme composite 965:973 arg1 films 975:979 the cellulose/HOA submicrometer composite films 933:979 the cellulose/HOA submicrometer composite films 933:979 The formation mechanism of the short hair-like HOA crystals as well as the structure and properties of the cellulose/HOA submicrometer composite films were studied. 24865837 0 21 theme cellulose 51:59 arg1 matrix 61:66 cellulose matrix 51:66 cellulose matrix via hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface interaction 51:116 Hair-inspired crystal growth of HOA in cavities of cellulose matrix via hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface interaction. 24865837 1 22 theme phenomena 147:155 arg1 phenomena 147:155 the most ordinary phenomena 129:155 the most ordinary phenomena in nature 129:165 As one of the most ordinary phenomena in nature, numerous pores on animal skins induce the growth of abundant hairs. 24865837 1 22 theme phenomena 147:155 arg1 one 122:124 one 122:124 one 122:124 As one of the most ordinary phenomena in nature, numerous pores on animal skins induce the growth of abundant hairs. 24865837 0 23 from growth 22:27 arg1 cavities 39:46 cavities 39:46 cavities of cellulose matrix via hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface interaction 39:116 Hair-inspired crystal growth of HOA in cavities of cellulose matrix via hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface interaction. 24865837 3 24 theme HOA 811:813 arg1 concentration 815:827 HOA concentration 811:827 HOA concentration 811:827 In our findings, by using solvent evaporation induced crystallization, hydrophobic HOA grew along the hydrophilic cellulose pore wall to form regular vertical worm-like and pillar-like crystals with an average diameter of about 200 nm, depending on the experimental conditions and HOA concentration. 24865837 7 25 theme self-cleaning 1570:1582 arg1 properties 1584:1593 bifunctional photoluminscence and self-cleaning properties 1536:1593 bifunctional photoluminscence and self-cleaning properties 1536:1593 Furthermore, 4-(1,2,2-triphenylethenyl) benzoic acid, an aggregation-induced emission luminogen, was used to aggregate on the cellulose surface with HOA to emit and monitor the HOA crystal growth, showing bifunctional photoluminscence and self-cleaning properties. 24865837 0 26 theme interface 96:104 arg1 interaction 106:116 hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface interaction 72:116 hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface interaction 72:116 Hair-inspired crystal growth of HOA in cavities of cellulose matrix via hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface interaction. 24865837 7 27 theme photoluminscence 1549:1564 arg1 properties 1584:1593 bifunctional photoluminscence and self-cleaning properties 1536:1593 bifunctional photoluminscence and self-cleaning properties 1536:1593 Furthermore, 4-(1,2,2-triphenylethenyl) benzoic acid, an aggregation-induced emission luminogen, was used to aggregate on the cellulose surface with HOA to emit and monitor the HOA crystal growth, showing bifunctional photoluminscence and self-cleaning properties. 24865837 4 28 theme cellulose/HOA 937:949 arg1 films 975:979 the cellulose/HOA submicrometer composite films 933:979 the cellulose/HOA submicrometer composite films 933:979 The formation mechanism of the short hair-like HOA crystals as well as the structure and properties of the cellulose/HOA submicrometer composite films were studied. 24865837 2 29 theme acid 377:380 arg1 growth 344:349 the hair-inspired crystal growth 318:349 the hair-inspired crystal growth of 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (HOA) 318:386 In this study, cavities of a cellulose matrix were used as hard templates to lead the hair-inspired crystal growth of 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (HOA) through hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface interaction, and short hair-like HOA crystals with a smooth surface were formed on cellulose films. 24865837 5 30 theme crystals 1177:1184 arg1 growth 1136:1141 the vertical growth 1123:1141 the vertical growth of the relatively hydrophobic HOA crystals 1123:1184 The pores of the cellulose matrix supplied not only cavities for the HOA crystals fixation but also hydrophilic shells to favor the vertical growth of the relatively hydrophobic HOA crystals. 24865837 2 31 theme smooth 483:488 arg1 surface 490:496 a smooth surface 481:496 a smooth surface 481:496 In this study, cavities of a cellulose matrix were used as hard templates to lead the hair-inspired crystal growth of 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (HOA) through hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface interaction, and short hair-like HOA crystals with a smooth surface were formed on cellulose films. 24865837 0 32 theme Hair-inspired 0:12 arg1 growth 22:27 Hair-inspired crystal growth 0:27 Hair-inspired crystal growth of HOA in cavities of cellulose matrix via hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface interaction. 0:117 Hair-inspired crystal growth of HOA in cavities of cellulose matrix via hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface interaction. 24865837 2 33 theme interface 420:428 arg1 interaction 430:440 hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface interaction 396:440 hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface interaction 396:440 In this study, cavities of a cellulose matrix were used as hard templates to lead the hair-inspired crystal growth of 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (HOA) through hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface interaction, and short hair-like HOA crystals with a smooth surface were formed on cellulose films. 24865837 5 34 theme HOA 1173:1175 arg1 crystals 1177:1184 the relatively hydrophobic HOA crystals 1146:1184 the relatively hydrophobic HOA crystals 1146:1184 The pores of the cellulose matrix supplied not only cavities for the HOA crystals fixation but also hydrophilic shells to favor the vertical growth of the relatively hydrophobic HOA crystals. 24865837 2 35 theme HOA 463:465 arg1 crystals 467:474 short hair-like HOA crystals 447:474 short hair-like HOA crystals with a smooth surface 447:496 In this study, cavities of a cellulose matrix were used as hard templates to lead the hair-inspired crystal growth of 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (HOA) through hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface interaction, and short hair-like HOA crystals with a smooth surface were formed on cellulose films. 24865837 3 36 theme hydrophilic 632:642 arg1 wall 659:662 the hydrophilic cellulose pore wall to form regular vertical worm-like and pillar-like crystals with an average diameter of about 200 nm 628:763 the hydrophilic cellulose pore wall to form regular vertical worm-like and pillar-like crystals with an average diameter of about 200 nm 628:763 In our findings, by using solvent evaporation induced crystallization, hydrophobic HOA grew along the hydrophilic cellulose pore wall to form regular vertical worm-like and pillar-like crystals with an average diameter of about 200 nm, depending on the experimental conditions and HOA concentration. 24865837 0 37 theme HOA 32:34 arg1 growth 22:27 Hair-inspired crystal growth 0:27 Hair-inspired crystal growth of HOA in cavities of cellulose matrix via hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface interaction. 0:117 Hair-inspired crystal growth of HOA in cavities of cellulose matrix via hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface interaction. 24865837 5 38 theme vertical 1127:1134 arg1 growth 1136:1141 the vertical growth 1123:1141 the vertical growth of the relatively hydrophobic HOA crystals 1123:1184 The pores of the cellulose matrix supplied not only cavities for the HOA crystals fixation but also hydrophilic shells to favor the vertical growth of the relatively hydrophobic HOA crystals. 24865837 7 39 theme crystal 1512:1518 arg1 growth 1520:1525 the HOA crystal growth 1504:1525 the HOA crystal growth 1504:1525 Furthermore, 4-(1,2,2-triphenylethenyl) benzoic acid, an aggregation-induced emission luminogen, was used to aggregate on the cellulose surface with HOA to emit and monitor the HOA crystal growth, showing bifunctional photoluminscence and self-cleaning properties. 24865837 2 40 theme short 447:451 arg1 crystals 467:474 short hair-like HOA crystals 447:474 short hair-like HOA crystals with a smooth surface 447:496 In this study, cavities of a cellulose matrix were used as hard templates to lead the hair-inspired crystal growth of 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (HOA) through hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface interaction, and short hair-like HOA crystals with a smooth surface were formed on cellulose films. 24865837 5 41 theme matrix 1022:1027 arg1 pores 999:1003 The pores 995:1003 The pores of the cellulose matrix 995:1027 The pores of the cellulose matrix supplied not only cavities for the HOA crystals fixation but also hydrophilic shells to favor the vertical growth of the relatively hydrophobic HOA crystals. 24865837 2 42 theme hard 295:298 arg1 templates 300:308 hard templates 295:308 hard templates 295:308 In this study, cavities of a cellulose matrix were used as hard templates to lead the hair-inspired crystal growth of 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (HOA) through hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface interaction, and short hair-like HOA crystals with a smooth surface were formed on cellulose films. 24865837 2 42 theme hard 295:298 arg1 cavities 251:258 cavities 251:258 cavities of a cellulose matrix 251:280 In this study, cavities of a cellulose matrix were used as hard templates to lead the hair-inspired crystal growth of 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (HOA) through hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface interaction, and short hair-like HOA crystals with a smooth surface were formed on cellulose films. 24865837 8 43 theme bio-inspired 1650:1661 arg1 materials 1677:1685 design bio-inspired submicrometer materials 1643:1685 design bio-inspired submicrometer materials 1643:1685 This work opens up a novel one-step pathway to design bio-inspired submicrometer materials by utilizing natural products, showing potential applications in self-cleaning optical devices. 24865837 3 44 theme pore 654:657 arg1 wall 659:662 the hydrophilic cellulose pore wall to form regular vertical worm-like and pillar-like crystals with an average diameter of about 200 nm 628:763 the hydrophilic cellulose pore wall to form regular vertical worm-like and pillar-like crystals with an average diameter of about 200 nm 628:763 In our findings, by using solvent evaporation induced crystallization, hydrophobic HOA grew along the hydrophilic cellulose pore wall to form regular vertical worm-like and pillar-like crystals with an average diameter of about 200 nm, depending on the experimental conditions and HOA concentration. 24865837 2 45 theme crystal 336:342 arg1 growth 344:349 the hair-inspired crystal growth 318:349 the hair-inspired crystal growth of 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (HOA) 318:386 In this study, cavities of a cellulose matrix were used as hard templates to lead the hair-inspired crystal growth of 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (HOA) through hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface interaction, and short hair-like HOA crystals with a smooth surface were formed on cellulose films. 24865837 1 46 theme abundant 220:227 arg1 hairs 229:233 abundant hairs 220:233 abundant hairs 220:233 As one of the most ordinary phenomena in nature, numerous pores on animal skins induce the growth of abundant hairs. 24865837 3 47 theme worm-like 689:697 arg1 crystals 715:722 regular vertical worm-like and pillar-like crystals 672:722 regular vertical worm-like and pillar-like crystals 672:722 In our findings, by using solvent evaporation induced crystallization, hydrophobic HOA grew along the hydrophilic cellulose pore wall to form regular vertical worm-like and pillar-like crystals with an average diameter of about 200 nm, depending on the experimental conditions and HOA concentration. 24865837 6 48 theme formation 1285:1293 arg1 hydrophobicity 1250:1263 high hydrophobicity 1245:1263 high hydrophobicity 1245:1263 The cellulose/HOA submicrometer composite films exhibited high hydrophobicity, as a result of the formation of the solid/air composite surface. 24865837 6 48 theme formation 1285:1293 arg1 result 1271:1276 a result 1269:1276 a result of the formation of the solid/air composite surface 1269:1328 The cellulose/HOA submicrometer composite films exhibited high hydrophobicity, as a result of the formation of the solid/air composite surface. 24865837 8 49 theme one-step 1623:1630 arg1 pathway 1632:1638 a novel one-step pathway 1615:1638 a novel one-step pathway to design bio-inspired submicrometer materials 1615:1685 This work opens up a novel one-step pathway to design bio-inspired submicrometer materials by utilizing natural products, showing potential applications in self-cleaning optical devices. 24865837 3 50 theme regular 672:678 arg1 crystals 715:722 regular vertical worm-like and pillar-like crystals 672:722 regular vertical worm-like and pillar-like crystals 672:722 In our findings, by using solvent evaporation induced crystallization, hydrophobic HOA grew along the hydrophilic cellulose pore wall to form regular vertical worm-like and pillar-like crystals with an average diameter of about 200 nm, depending on the experimental conditions and HOA concentration. 24865837 7 51 theme cellulose 1457:1465 arg1 surface 1467:1473 the cellulose surface 1453:1473 the cellulose surface 1453:1473 Furthermore, 4-(1,2,2-triphenylethenyl) benzoic acid, an aggregation-induced emission luminogen, was used to aggregate on the cellulose surface with HOA to emit and monitor the HOA crystal growth, showing bifunctional photoluminscence and self-cleaning properties. 24865837 4 52 theme short 861:865 arg1 crystals 881:888 the short hair-like HOA crystals 857:888 the short hair-like HOA crystals 857:888 The formation mechanism of the short hair-like HOA crystals as well as the structure and properties of the cellulose/HOA submicrometer composite films were studied. 24865837 3 53 theme pillar-like 703:713 arg1 crystals 715:722 regular vertical worm-like and pillar-like crystals 672:722 regular vertical worm-like and pillar-like crystals 672:722 In our findings, by using solvent evaporation induced crystallization, hydrophobic HOA grew along the hydrophilic cellulose pore wall to form regular vertical worm-like and pillar-like crystals with an average diameter of about 200 nm, depending on the experimental conditions and HOA concentration. 24865837 4 54 theme formation 834:842 arg1 mechanism 844:852 The formation mechanism 830:852 The formation mechanism of the short hair-like HOA crystals as well as the structure and properties of the cellulose/HOA submicrometer composite films 830:979 The formation mechanism of the short hair-like HOA crystals as well as the structure and properties of the cellulose/HOA submicrometer composite films were studied. 24865837 2 55 theme matrix 275:280 arg1 templates 300:308 hard templates 295:308 hard templates 295:308 In this study, cavities of a cellulose matrix were used as hard templates to lead the hair-inspired crystal growth of 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (HOA) through hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface interaction, and short hair-like HOA crystals with a smooth surface were formed on cellulose films. 24865837 2 55 theme matrix 275:280 arg1 cavities 251:258 cavities 251:258 cavities of a cellulose matrix 251:280 In this study, cavities of a cellulose matrix were used as hard templates to lead the hair-inspired crystal growth of 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (HOA) through hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface interaction, and short hair-like HOA crystals with a smooth surface were formed on cellulose films. 24865837 8 56 theme self-cleaning 1752:1764 arg1 devices 1774:1780 self-cleaning optical devices 1752:1780 self-cleaning optical devices 1752:1780 This work opens up a novel one-step pathway to design bio-inspired submicrometer materials by utilizing natural products, showing potential applications in self-cleaning optical devices. 24865837 1 57 theme animal 186:191 arg1 skins 193:197 animal skins 186:197 animal skins 186:197 As one of the most ordinary phenomena in nature, numerous pores on animal skins induce the growth of abundant hairs. 24865837 7 58 theme emission 1408:1415 arg1 luminogen 1417:1425 an aggregation-induced emission luminogen 1385:1425 an aggregation-induced emission luminogen 1385:1425 Furthermore, 4-(1,2,2-triphenylethenyl) benzoic acid, an aggregation-induced emission luminogen, was used to aggregate on the cellulose surface with HOA to emit and monitor the HOA crystal growth, showing bifunctional photoluminscence and self-cleaning properties. 24865837 7 58 theme emission 1408:1415 arg1 acid 1379:1382 4-(1,2,2-triphenylethenyl) benzoic acid 1344:1382 4-(1,2,2-triphenylethenyl) benzoic acid 1344:1382 Furthermore, 4-(1,2,2-triphenylethenyl) benzoic acid, an aggregation-induced emission luminogen, was used to aggregate on the cellulose surface with HOA to emit and monitor the HOA crystal growth, showing bifunctional photoluminscence and self-cleaning properties. 24865837 3 59 theme average 732:738 arg1 diameter 740:747 an average diameter 729:747 an average diameter of about 200 nm 729:763 In our findings, by using solvent evaporation induced crystallization, hydrophobic HOA grew along the hydrophilic cellulose pore wall to form regular vertical worm-like and pillar-like crystals with an average diameter of about 200 nm, depending on the experimental conditions and HOA concentration. 24865837 3 60 theme evaporation 564:574 arg1 crystallization 584:598 solvent evaporation induced crystallization 556:598 solvent evaporation induced crystallization 556:598 In our findings, by using solvent evaporation induced crystallization, hydrophobic HOA grew along the hydrophilic cellulose pore wall to form regular vertical worm-like and pillar-like crystals with an average diameter of about 200 nm, depending on the experimental conditions and HOA concentration. 24865837 2 61 theme cellulose 513:521 arg1 films 523:527 cellulose films 513:527 cellulose films 513:527 In this study, cavities of a cellulose matrix were used as hard templates to lead the hair-inspired crystal growth of 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (HOA) through hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface interaction, and short hair-like HOA crystals with a smooth surface were formed on cellulose films. 24865837 6 62 theme composite 1312:1320 arg1 surface 1322:1328 the solid/air composite surface 1298:1328 the solid/air composite surface 1298:1328 The cellulose/HOA submicrometer composite films exhibited high hydrophobicity, as a result of the formation of the solid/air composite surface. 24865837 5 63 theme crystals 1068:1075 arg1 fixation 1077:1084 the HOA crystals fixation 1060:1084 the HOA crystals fixation 1060:1084 The pores of the cellulose matrix supplied not only cavities for the HOA crystals fixation but also hydrophilic shells to favor the vertical growth of the relatively hydrophobic HOA crystals. 24865837 4 64 theme HOA 877:879 arg1 crystals 881:888 the short hair-like HOA crystals 857:888 the short hair-like HOA crystals 857:888 The formation mechanism of the short hair-like HOA crystals as well as the structure and properties of the cellulose/HOA submicrometer composite films were studied. 24865837 6 65 theme composite 1219:1227 arg1 films 1229:1233 The cellulose/HOA submicrometer composite films 1187:1233 The cellulose/HOA submicrometer composite films 1187:1233 The cellulose/HOA submicrometer composite films exhibited high hydrophobicity, as a result of the formation of the solid/air composite surface. 24865837 3 66 theme hydrophobic 601:611 arg1 HOA 613:615 hydrophobic HOA 601:615 hydrophobic HOA 601:615 In our findings, by using solvent evaporation induced crystallization, hydrophobic HOA grew along the hydrophilic cellulose pore wall to form regular vertical worm-like and pillar-like crystals with an average diameter of about 200 nm, depending on the experimental conditions and HOA concentration. 24865837 6 67 theme cellulose/HOA 1191:1203 arg1 films 1229:1233 The cellulose/HOA submicrometer composite films 1187:1233 The cellulose/HOA submicrometer composite films 1187:1233 The cellulose/HOA submicrometer composite films exhibited high hydrophobicity, as a result of the formation of the solid/air composite surface. 24865837 3 68 theme experimental 783:794 arg1 conditions 796:805 the experimental conditions 779:805 the experimental conditions 779:805 In our findings, by using solvent evaporation induced crystallization, hydrophobic HOA grew along the hydrophilic cellulose pore wall to form regular vertical worm-like and pillar-like crystals with an average diameter of about 200 nm, depending on the experimental conditions and HOA concentration. 24865837 0 69 theme matrix 61:66 arg1 cavities 39:46 cavities 39:46 cavities of cellulose matrix via hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface interaction 39:116 Hair-inspired crystal growth of HOA in cavities of cellulose matrix via hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface interaction. 24865837 1 70 theme ordinary 138:145 arg1 phenomena 147:155 the most ordinary phenomena 129:155 the most ordinary phenomena in nature 129:165 As one of the most ordinary phenomena in nature, numerous pores on animal skins induce the growth of abundant hairs. 24865837 4 71 theme submicrometer 951:963 arg1 films 975:979 the cellulose/HOA submicrometer composite films 933:979 the cellulose/HOA submicrometer composite films 933:979 The formation mechanism of the short hair-like HOA crystals as well as the structure and properties of the cellulose/HOA submicrometer composite films were studied. 24865837 4 72 dep structure 905:913 arg1 the 901:903 the 901:903 the 901:903 The formation mechanism of the short hair-like HOA crystals as well as the structure and properties of the cellulose/HOA submicrometer composite films were studied. 24865837 0 73 theme hydrophobic-hydrophilic 72:94 arg1 interaction 106:116 hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface interaction 72:116 hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface interaction 72:116 Hair-inspired crystal growth of HOA in cavities of cellulose matrix via hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface interaction. 24865837 4 74 theme films 975:979 arg1 properties 919:928 properties 919:928 properties 919:928 The formation mechanism of the short hair-like HOA crystals as well as the structure and properties of the cellulose/HOA submicrometer composite films were studied. 24865837 4 74 theme films 975:979 arg1 mechanism 844:852 The formation mechanism 830:852 The formation mechanism of the short hair-like HOA crystals as well as the structure and properties of the cellulose/HOA submicrometer composite films 830:979 The formation mechanism of the short hair-like HOA crystals as well as the structure and properties of the cellulose/HOA submicrometer composite films were studied. 24865837 4 74 theme films 975:979 arg1 structure 905:913 structure 905:913 structure 905:913 The formation mechanism of the short hair-like HOA crystals as well as the structure and properties of the cellulose/HOA submicrometer composite films were studied. 24865837 2 75 with crystals 467:474 arg1 surface 490:496 a smooth surface 481:496 a smooth surface 481:496 In this study, cavities of a cellulose matrix were used as hard templates to lead the hair-inspired crystal growth of 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (HOA) through hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface interaction, and short hair-like HOA crystals with a smooth surface were formed on cellulose films. 24865837 7 76 theme bifunctional 1536:1547 arg1 properties 1584:1593 bifunctional photoluminscence and self-cleaning properties 1536:1593 bifunctional photoluminscence and self-cleaning properties 1536:1593 Furthermore, 4-(1,2,2-triphenylethenyl) benzoic acid, an aggregation-induced emission luminogen, was used to aggregate on the cellulose surface with HOA to emit and monitor the HOA crystal growth, showing bifunctional photoluminscence and self-cleaning properties. 24865837 1 77 from phenomena 147:155 arg1 nature 160:165 nature 160:165 nature 160:165 As one of the most ordinary phenomena in nature, numerous pores on animal skins induce the growth of abundant hairs. 24865837 2 78 theme 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic 354:375 arg1 HOA 383:385 HOA 383:385 HOA 383:385 In this study, cavities of a cellulose matrix were used as hard templates to lead the hair-inspired crystal growth of 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (HOA) through hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface interaction, and short hair-like HOA crystals with a smooth surface were formed on cellulose films. 24865837 2 78 theme 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic 354:375 arg1 acid 377:380 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid 354:380 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (HOA) 354:386 In this study, cavities of a cellulose matrix were used as hard templates to lead the hair-inspired crystal growth of 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (HOA) through hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface interaction, and short hair-like HOA crystals with a smooth surface were formed on cellulose films. 24865837 0 79 theme crystal 14:20 arg1 growth 22:27 Hair-inspired crystal growth 0:27 Hair-inspired crystal growth of HOA in cavities of cellulose matrix via hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface interaction. 0:117 Hair-inspired crystal growth of HOA in cavities of cellulose matrix via hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface interaction. 24865837 5 80 theme hydrophilic 1095:1105 arg1 shells 1107:1112 hydrophilic shells 1095:1112 not only cavities for the HOA crystals fixation but also hydrophilic shells 1038:1112 The pores of the cellulose matrix supplied not only cavities for the HOA crystals fixation but also hydrophilic shells to favor the vertical growth of the relatively hydrophobic HOA crystals. 24865837 5 81 theme hydrophobic 1161:1171 arg1 crystals 1177:1184 the relatively hydrophobic HOA crystals 1146:1184 the relatively hydrophobic HOA crystals 1146:1184 The pores of the cellulose matrix supplied not only cavities for the HOA crystals fixation but also hydrophilic shells to favor the vertical growth of the relatively hydrophobic HOA crystals. 24865837 2 82 theme hydrophobic-hydrophilic 396:418 arg1 interaction 430:440 hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface interaction 396:440 hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface interaction 396:440 In this study, cavities of a cellulose matrix were used as hard templates to lead the hair-inspired crystal growth of 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (HOA) through hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface interaction, and short hair-like HOA crystals with a smooth surface were formed on cellulose films. 24865837 7 83 dep emit 1487:1490 arg1 HOA 1480:1482 HOA 1480:1482 HOA 1480:1482 Furthermore, 4-(1,2,2-triphenylethenyl) benzoic acid, an aggregation-induced emission luminogen, was used to aggregate on the cellulose surface with HOA to emit and monitor the HOA crystal growth, showing bifunctional photoluminscence and self-cleaning properties. 24865837 2 84 theme hair-like 453:461 arg1 crystals 467:474 short hair-like HOA crystals 447:474 short hair-like HOA crystals with a smooth surface 447:496 In this study, cavities of a cellulose matrix were used as hard templates to lead the hair-inspired crystal growth of 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (HOA) through hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface interaction, and short hair-like HOA crystals with a smooth surface were formed on cellulose films. 24865837 5 85 theme cellulose 1012:1020 arg1 matrix 1022:1027 the cellulose matrix 1008:1027 the cellulose matrix 1008:1027 The pores of the cellulose matrix supplied not only cavities for the HOA crystals fixation but also hydrophilic shells to favor the vertical growth of the relatively hydrophobic HOA crystals. 24865837 8 86 theme submicrometer 1663:1675 arg1 materials 1677:1685 design bio-inspired submicrometer materials 1643:1685 design bio-inspired submicrometer materials 1643:1685 This work opens up a novel one-step pathway to design bio-inspired submicrometer materials by utilizing natural products, showing potential applications in self-cleaning optical devices. 24865837 7 87 theme HOA 1508:1510 arg1 growth 1520:1525 the HOA crystal growth 1504:1525 the HOA crystal growth 1504:1525 Furthermore, 4-(1,2,2-triphenylethenyl) benzoic acid, an aggregation-induced emission luminogen, was used to aggregate on the cellulose surface with HOA to emit and monitor the HOA crystal growth, showing bifunctional photoluminscence and self-cleaning properties. 24865837 3 88 theme cellulose 644:652 arg1 wall 659:662 the hydrophilic cellulose pore wall to form regular vertical worm-like and pillar-like crystals with an average diameter of about 200 nm 628:763 the hydrophilic cellulose pore wall to form regular vertical worm-like and pillar-like crystals with an average diameter of about 200 nm 628:763 In our findings, by using solvent evaporation induced crystallization, hydrophobic HOA grew along the hydrophilic cellulose pore wall to form regular vertical worm-like and pillar-like crystals with an average diameter of about 200 nm, depending on the experimental conditions and HOA concentration. 24865837 2 89 used used 287:290 arg2 cavities 251:258 cavities 251:258 cavities of a cellulose matrix 251:280 In this study, cavities of a cellulose matrix were used as hard templates to lead the hair-inspired crystal growth of 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (HOA) through hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface interaction, and short hair-like HOA crystals with a smooth surface were formed on cellulose films. 24865837 2 89 used used 287:290 arg2 templates 300:308 hard templates 295:308 hard templates 295:308 In this study, cavities of a cellulose matrix were used as hard templates to lead the hair-inspired crystal growth of 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (HOA) through hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface interaction, and short hair-like HOA crystals with a smooth surface were formed on cellulose films. 24865837 8 90 theme novel 1617:1621 arg1 pathway 1632:1638 a novel one-step pathway 1615:1638 a novel one-step pathway to design bio-inspired submicrometer materials 1615:1685 This work opens up a novel one-step pathway to design bio-inspired submicrometer materials by utilizing natural products, showing potential applications in self-cleaning optical devices. 24865837 3 91 theme vertical 680:687 arg1 crystals 715:722 regular vertical worm-like and pillar-like crystals 672:722 regular vertical worm-like and pillar-like crystals 672:722 In our findings, by using solvent evaporation induced crystallization, hydrophobic HOA grew along the hydrophilic cellulose pore wall to form regular vertical worm-like and pillar-like crystals with an average diameter of about 200 nm, depending on the experimental conditions and HOA concentration. 24865837 2 92 theme hair-inspired 322:334 arg1 growth 344:349 the hair-inspired crystal growth 318:349 the hair-inspired crystal growth of 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (HOA) 318:386 In this study, cavities of a cellulose matrix were used as hard templates to lead the hair-inspired crystal growth of 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (HOA) through hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface interaction, and short hair-like HOA crystals with a smooth surface were formed on cellulose films. 24865837 8 93 theme natural 1700:1706 arg1 products 1708:1715 natural products 1700:1715 natural products 1700:1715 This work opens up a novel one-step pathway to design bio-inspired submicrometer materials by utilizing natural products, showing potential applications in self-cleaning optical devices. 24865837 1 94 theme hairs 229:233 arg1 growth 210:215 the growth 206:215 the growth of abundant hairs 206:233 As one of the most ordinary phenomena in nature, numerous pores on animal skins induce the growth of abundant hairs. 24528721 3 0 theme groups 337:342 arg1 introduction 301:312 introduction 301:312 introduction of quaternary ammonium groups 301:342 In this work, cotton gauzes were coated with chitosan using an UV-curing process or cationized by introduction of quaternary ammonium groups and tested, in static and dynamic conditions, as water filter for biological disinfection against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. 24528721 2 1 theme Water 129:133 arg1 process 151:157 Water decontamination process 129:157 Water decontamination process 129:157 Water decontamination process is fundamental to eliminate microorganisms. 24528721 4 2 theme static 543:548 arg1 assessment 550:559 static assessment 543:559 static assessment 543:559 Both materials showed good antibacterial activity, in static assessment, instead in dynamic conditions, chitosan treated gauze showed a high antimicrobial efficiency in few seconds of contact time. 24528721 4 3 theme treated 602:608 arg1 gauze 610:614 chitosan treated gauze 593:614 chitosan treated gauze 593:614 Both materials showed good antibacterial activity, in static assessment, instead in dynamic conditions, chitosan treated gauze showed a high antimicrobial efficiency in few seconds of contact time. 24528721 5 4 theme biological 747:756 arg1 filter 758:763 biological filter 747:763 biological filter 747:763 This composite could be a good candidate for application as biological filter. 24528721 3 5 theme dynamic 370:376 arg1 conditions 378:387 static and dynamic conditions 359:387 static and dynamic conditions 359:387 In this work, cotton gauzes were coated with chitosan using an UV-curing process or cationized by introduction of quaternary ammonium groups and tested, in static and dynamic conditions, as water filter for biological disinfection against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. 24528721 1 6 theme Communicable 65:76 arg1 diseases 78:85 Communicable diseases 65:85 Communicable diseases 65:85 Communicable diseases can be transmitted by contaminated water. 24528721 3 7 theme Gram-negative 447:459 arg1 bacteria 479:486 both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria 442:486 both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria 442:486 In this work, cotton gauzes were coated with chitosan using an UV-curing process or cationized by introduction of quaternary ammonium groups and tested, in static and dynamic conditions, as water filter for biological disinfection against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. 24528721 3 8 theme static 359:364 arg1 conditions 378:387 static and dynamic conditions 359:387 static and dynamic conditions 359:387 In this work, cotton gauzes were coated with chitosan using an UV-curing process or cationized by introduction of quaternary ammonium groups and tested, in static and dynamic conditions, as water filter for biological disinfection against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. 24528721 4 9 theme antibacterial 516:528 arg1 activity 530:537 good antibacterial activity 511:537 good antibacterial activity 511:537 Both materials showed good antibacterial activity, in static assessment, instead in dynamic conditions, chitosan treated gauze showed a high antimicrobial efficiency in few seconds of contact time. 24528721 3 10 theme UV-curing 266:274 arg1 process 276:282 an UV-curing process 263:282 an UV-curing process 263:282 In this work, cotton gauzes were coated with chitosan using an UV-curing process or cationized by introduction of quaternary ammonium groups and tested, in static and dynamic conditions, as water filter for biological disinfection against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. 24528721 4 11 theme time 681:684 arg1 seconds 662:668 few seconds 658:668 few seconds of contact time 658:684 Both materials showed good antibacterial activity, in static assessment, instead in dynamic conditions, chitosan treated gauze showed a high antimicrobial efficiency in few seconds of contact time. 24528721 4 12 theme good 511:514 arg1 activity 530:537 good antibacterial activity 511:537 good antibacterial activity 511:537 Both materials showed good antibacterial activity, in static assessment, instead in dynamic conditions, chitosan treated gauze showed a high antimicrobial efficiency in few seconds of contact time. 24528721 3 13 theme cotton 217:222 arg1 gauzes 224:229 cotton gauzes 217:229 cotton gauzes 217:229 In this work, cotton gauzes were coated with chitosan using an UV-curing process or cationized by introduction of quaternary ammonium groups and tested, in static and dynamic conditions, as water filter for biological disinfection against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. 24528721 3 14 theme water 393:397 arg1 filter 399:404 water filter 393:404 water filter for biological disinfection against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria 393:486 In this work, cotton gauzes were coated with chitosan using an UV-curing process or cationized by introduction of quaternary ammonium groups and tested, in static and dynamic conditions, as water filter for biological disinfection against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. 24528721 4 15 theme dynamic 573:579 arg1 conditions 581:590 dynamic conditions 573:590 dynamic conditions 573:590 Both materials showed good antibacterial activity, in static assessment, instead in dynamic conditions, chitosan treated gauze showed a high antimicrobial efficiency in few seconds of contact time. 24528721 0 16 theme cotton 16:21 arg1 gauze 23:27 cotton gauze 16:27 cotton gauze 16:27 Chitosan coated cotton gauze for antibacterial water filtration. 24528721 4 17 theme chitosan 593:600 arg1 gauze 610:614 chitosan treated gauze 593:614 chitosan treated gauze 593:614 Both materials showed good antibacterial activity, in static assessment, instead in dynamic conditions, chitosan treated gauze showed a high antimicrobial efficiency in few seconds of contact time. 24528721 1 18 theme contaminated 109:120 arg1 water 122:126 contaminated water 109:126 contaminated water 109:126 Communicable diseases can be transmitted by contaminated water. 24528721 4 19 theme few 658:660 arg1 seconds 662:668 few seconds 658:668 few seconds of contact time 658:684 Both materials showed good antibacterial activity, in static assessment, instead in dynamic conditions, chitosan treated gauze showed a high antimicrobial efficiency in few seconds of contact time. 24528721 0 20 theme antibacterial 33:45 arg1 filtration 53:62 antibacterial water filtration 33:62 antibacterial water filtration 33:62 Chitosan coated cotton gauze for antibacterial water filtration. 24528721 3 21 theme Gram-positive 465:477 arg1 bacteria 479:486 both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria 442:486 both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria 442:486 In this work, cotton gauzes were coated with chitosan using an UV-curing process or cationized by introduction of quaternary ammonium groups and tested, in static and dynamic conditions, as water filter for biological disinfection against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. 24528721 4 22 theme contact 673:679 arg1 time 681:684 contact time 673:684 contact time 673:684 Both materials showed good antibacterial activity, in static assessment, instead in dynamic conditions, chitosan treated gauze showed a high antimicrobial efficiency in few seconds of contact time. 24528721 3 23 theme quaternary 317:326 arg1 groups 337:342 quaternary ammonium groups 317:342 quaternary ammonium groups 317:342 In this work, cotton gauzes were coated with chitosan using an UV-curing process or cationized by introduction of quaternary ammonium groups and tested, in static and dynamic conditions, as water filter for biological disinfection against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. 24528721 0 24 theme water 47:51 arg1 filtration 53:62 antibacterial water filtration 33:62 antibacterial water filtration 33:62 Chitosan coated cotton gauze for antibacterial water filtration. 24528721 3 25 theme ammonium 328:335 arg1 groups 337:342 quaternary ammonium groups 317:342 quaternary ammonium groups 317:342 In this work, cotton gauzes were coated with chitosan using an UV-curing process or cationized by introduction of quaternary ammonium groups and tested, in static and dynamic conditions, as water filter for biological disinfection against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. 24528721 3 26 theme biological 410:419 arg1 disinfection 421:432 biological disinfection 410:432 biological disinfection against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria 410:486 In this work, cotton gauzes were coated with chitosan using an UV-curing process or cationized by introduction of quaternary ammonium groups and tested, in static and dynamic conditions, as water filter for biological disinfection against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. 24528721 4 27 theme antimicrobial 630:642 arg1 efficiency 644:653 a high antimicrobial efficiency 623:653 a high antimicrobial efficiency 623:653 Both materials showed good antibacterial activity, in static assessment, instead in dynamic conditions, chitosan treated gauze showed a high antimicrobial efficiency in few seconds of contact time. 24528721 5 28 theme good 713:716 arg1 candidate 718:726 a good candidate 711:726 a good candidate for application as biological filter 711:763 This composite could be a good candidate for application as biological filter. 24528721 5 28 theme good 713:716 arg1 composite 692:700 This composite 687:700 This composite 687:700 This composite could be a good candidate for application as biological filter. 24528721 4 29 theme high 625:628 arg1 efficiency 644:653 a high antimicrobial efficiency 623:653 a high antimicrobial efficiency 623:653 Both materials showed good antibacterial activity, in static assessment, instead in dynamic conditions, chitosan treated gauze showed a high antimicrobial efficiency in few seconds of contact time. 24528721 2 30 theme decontamination 135:149 arg1 process 151:157 Water decontamination process 129:157 Water decontamination process 129:157 Water decontamination process is fundamental to eliminate microorganisms. 28362045 7 0 theme compositions 1147:1158 arg1 plasma 1127:1132 plasma 1127:1132 plasma of different compositions 1127:1158 CONCLUSIONS Increasing bead density clearly maintained the performances of the fluidized bed with plasma of different compositions, without any risk of release out of the bioreactor. 28362045 7 1 theme bead 1052:1055 arg1 density 1057:1063 CONCLUSIONS Increasing bead density 1029:1063 CONCLUSIONS Increasing bead density 1029:1063 CONCLUSIONS Increasing bead density clearly maintained the performances of the fluidized bed with plasma of different compositions, without any risk of release out of the bioreactor. 28362045 6 2 theme liver 1015:1019 arg1 supply 1021:1026 extracorporeal liver supply 1000:1026 extracorporeal liver supply 1000:1026 Four 250-mL bioreactors represent approximately 15% of the hepatocytes in a liver, which is a reasonable target for extracorporeal liver supply. 28362045 3 3 from function 652:659 arg1 properties 581:590 the mechanical properties 566:590 the mechanical properties of the beads 566:603 METHODS In this study, we assessed the impact of this additional component on the bead production process, bed fluidization, mass transfer and the mechanical properties of the beads, as well as cell viability and basic metabolic function. 28362045 3 3 from function 652:659 arg1 process 521:527 the bead production process 501:527 the bead production process 501:527 METHODS In this study, we assessed the impact of this additional component on the bead production process, bed fluidization, mass transfer and the mechanical properties of the beads, as well as cell viability and basic metabolic function. 28362045 3 3 from function 652:659 arg1 fluidization 534:545 bed fluidization 530:545 bed fluidization 530:545 METHODS In this study, we assessed the impact of this additional component on the bead production process, bed fluidization, mass transfer and the mechanical properties of the beads, as well as cell viability and basic metabolic function. 28362045 3 3 from function 652:659 arg1 transfer 553:560 mass transfer 548:560 mass transfer 548:560 METHODS In this study, we assessed the impact of this additional component on the bead production process, bed fluidization, mass transfer and the mechanical properties of the beads, as well as cell viability and basic metabolic function. 28362045 8 4 from -concentration 1222:1235 arg1 solution 1265:1272 alginate solution 1256:1272 alginate solution 1256:1272 A 1% (v/v)-concentration of microspheres in alginate solution did not result in any alteration of the mechanical or biological behavior. 28362045 6 5 theme extracorporeal 1000:1013 arg1 supply 1021:1026 extracorporeal liver supply 1000:1026 extracorporeal liver supply 1000:1026 Four 250-mL bioreactors represent approximately 15% of the hepatocytes in a liver, which is a reasonable target for extracorporeal liver supply. 28362045 9 6 from use 1454:1456 arg1 studies 1508:1514 human scale preclinical studies 1484:1514 human scale preclinical studies 1484:1514 This concentration can thus be applied to the production of large-scale encapsulated biomass for further use of the Suppliver setup in human scale preclinical studies. 28362045 4 7 theme million 730:736 arg1 cells 738:742 15-20 million cells 724:742 15-20 million cells 724:742 RESULTS A concentration of 20 mg (1% v/v) of microspheres for 15-20 million cells per milliliter of alginate solution appears to be the best configuration. 28362045 7 8 theme CONCLUSIONS 1029:1039 arg1 density 1057:1063 CONCLUSIONS Increasing bead density 1029:1063 CONCLUSIONS Increasing bead density 1029:1063 CONCLUSIONS Increasing bead density clearly maintained the performances of the fluidized bed with plasma of different compositions, without any risk of release out of the bioreactor. 28362045 5 9 from beads 844:848 arg1 bioreactors 857:867 the bioreactors 853:867 the bioreactors 853:867 The filling ratio for the beads in the bioreactors can reach 60%. 28362045 2 10 theme correct 299:305 arg1 fluidization 307:318 correct fluidization 299:318 correct fluidization within the bioreactor 299:340 To ensure correct fluidization within the bioreactor, the beads need to become heavier with the addition of inert glass microspheres. 28362045 9 11 theme scale 1490:1494 arg1 studies 1508:1514 human scale preclinical studies 1484:1514 human scale preclinical studies 1484:1514 This concentration can thus be applied to the production of large-scale encapsulated biomass for further use of the Suppliver setup in human scale preclinical studies. 28362045 1 12 theme alginate-encapsulated 254:274 arg1 hepatocytes 276:286 alginate-encapsulated hepatocytes 254:286 alginate-encapsulated hepatocytes 254:286 BACKGROUND Our team previously designed and validated a new bioartificial liver (BAL) called Suppliver based on a Prismaflex™ device, including fluidized bed bioreactors hosting alginate-encapsulated hepatocytes. 28362045 7 13 theme different 1137:1145 arg1 compositions 1147:1158 different compositions 1137:1158 different compositions 1137:1158 CONCLUSIONS Increasing bead density clearly maintained the performances of the fluidized bed with plasma of different compositions, without any risk of release out of the bioreactor. 28362045 7 14 theme Increasing 1041:1050 arg1 density 1057:1063 CONCLUSIONS Increasing bead density 1029:1063 CONCLUSIONS Increasing bead density 1029:1063 CONCLUSIONS Increasing bead density clearly maintained the performances of the fluidized bed with plasma of different compositions, without any risk of release out of the bioreactor. 28362045 8 15 theme microspheres 1240:1251 arg1 -concentration 1222:1235 A 1% (v/v)-concentration 1212:1235 A 1% (v/v)-concentration of microspheres in alginate solution 1212:1272 A 1% (v/v)-concentration of microspheres in alginate solution did not result in any alteration of the mechanical or biological behavior. 28362045 4 16 theme mg 692:693 arg1 concentration 672:684 A concentration 670:684 A concentration of 20 mg (1% v/v) of microspheres for 15-20 million cells per milliliter of alginate solution 670:778 RESULTS A concentration of 20 mg (1% v/v) of microspheres for 15-20 million cells per milliliter of alginate solution appears to be the best configuration. 28362045 4 16 theme mg 692:693 arg1 configuration 803:815 the best configuration 794:815 the best configuration 794:815 RESULTS A concentration of 20 mg (1% v/v) of microspheres for 15-20 million cells per milliliter of alginate solution appears to be the best configuration. 28362045 3 17 dep METHODS 423:429 arg1 assessed 449:456 assessed 449:456 assessed the impact of this additional component on the bead production process, bed fluidization, mass transfer and the mechanical properties of the beads, as well as cell viability and basic metabolic function 449:659 METHODS In this study, we assessed the impact of this additional component on the bead production process, bed fluidization, mass transfer and the mechanical properties of the beads, as well as cell viability and basic metabolic function. 28362045 4 18 dep RESULTS 662:668 arg1 appears 780:786 appears 780:786 appears to be the best configuration 780:815 RESULTS A concentration of 20 mg (1% v/v) of microspheres for 15-20 million cells per milliliter of alginate solution appears to be the best configuration. 28362045 2 19 theme inert 397:401 arg1 microspheres 409:420 inert glass microspheres 397:420 inert glass microspheres 397:420 To ensure correct fluidization within the bioreactor, the beads need to become heavier with the addition of inert glass microspheres. 28362045 3 20 from viability 622:630 arg1 properties 581:590 the mechanical properties 566:590 the mechanical properties of the beads 566:603 METHODS In this study, we assessed the impact of this additional component on the bead production process, bed fluidization, mass transfer and the mechanical properties of the beads, as well as cell viability and basic metabolic function. 28362045 3 20 from viability 622:630 arg1 process 521:527 the bead production process 501:527 the bead production process 501:527 METHODS In this study, we assessed the impact of this additional component on the bead production process, bed fluidization, mass transfer and the mechanical properties of the beads, as well as cell viability and basic metabolic function. 28362045 3 20 from viability 622:630 arg1 fluidization 534:545 bed fluidization 530:545 bed fluidization 530:545 METHODS In this study, we assessed the impact of this additional component on the bead production process, bed fluidization, mass transfer and the mechanical properties of the beads, as well as cell viability and basic metabolic function. 28362045 3 20 from viability 622:630 arg1 transfer 553:560 mass transfer 548:560 mass transfer 548:560 METHODS In this study, we assessed the impact of this additional component on the bead production process, bed fluidization, mass transfer and the mechanical properties of the beads, as well as cell viability and basic metabolic function. 28362045 8 21 theme 1 1214:1214 arg1 % 1215:1215 % 1215:1215 % 1215:1215 A 1% (v/v)-concentration of microspheres in alginate solution did not result in any alteration of the mechanical or biological behavior. 28362045 7 22 with performances 1088:1099 arg1 plasma 1127:1132 plasma 1127:1132 plasma of different compositions 1127:1158 CONCLUSIONS Increasing bead density clearly maintained the performances of the fluidized bed with plasma of different compositions, without any risk of release out of the bioreactor. 28362045 1 23 theme called 162:167 arg1 Suppliver 169:177 a new bioartificial liver (BAL) called Suppliver 130:177 a new bioartificial liver (BAL) called Suppliver based on a Prismaflex™ device, including fluidized bed bioreactors hosting alginate-encapsulated hepatocytes 130:286 BACKGROUND Our team previously designed and validated a new bioartificial liver (BAL) called Suppliver based on a Prismaflex™ device, including fluidized bed bioreactors hosting alginate-encapsulated hepatocytes. 28362045 7 24 theme fluidized 1108:1116 arg1 bed 1118:1120 the fluidized bed 1104:1120 the fluidized bed 1104:1120 CONCLUSIONS Increasing bead density clearly maintained the performances of the fluidized bed with plasma of different compositions, without any risk of release out of the bioreactor. 28362045 8 25 theme mechanical 1314:1323 arg1 behavior 1339:1346 the mechanical or biological behavior 1310:1346 the mechanical or biological behavior 1310:1346 A 1% (v/v)-concentration of microspheres in alginate solution did not result in any alteration of the mechanical or biological behavior. 28362045 4 26 theme best 798:801 arg1 concentration 672:684 A concentration 670:684 A concentration of 20 mg (1% v/v) of microspheres for 15-20 million cells per milliliter of alginate solution 670:778 RESULTS A concentration of 20 mg (1% v/v) of microspheres for 15-20 million cells per milliliter of alginate solution appears to be the best configuration. 28362045 4 26 theme best 798:801 arg1 configuration 803:815 the best configuration 794:815 the best configuration 794:815 RESULTS A concentration of 20 mg (1% v/v) of microspheres for 15-20 million cells per milliliter of alginate solution appears to be the best configuration. 28362045 7 27 theme release 1181:1187 arg1 risk 1173:1176 any risk 1169:1176 any risk of release out of the bioreactor 1169:1209 CONCLUSIONS Increasing bead density clearly maintained the performances of the fluidized bed with plasma of different compositions, without any risk of release out of the bioreactor. 28362045 4 28 theme % 697:697 arg1 v/v 699:701 1% v/v 696:701 1% v/v 696:701 RESULTS A concentration of 20 mg (1% v/v) of microspheres for 15-20 million cells per milliliter of alginate solution appears to be the best configuration. 28362045 4 28 theme % 697:697 arg1 mg 692:693 20 mg 689:693 20 mg (1% v/v) of microspheres for 15-20 million cells per milliliter of alginate solution 689:778 RESULTS A concentration of 20 mg (1% v/v) of microspheres for 15-20 million cells per milliliter of alginate solution appears to be the best configuration. 28362045 6 29 theme reasonable 978:987 arg1 liver 960:964 a liver 958:964 a liver 958:964 Four 250-mL bioreactors represent approximately 15% of the hepatocytes in a liver, which is a reasonable target for extracorporeal liver supply. 28362045 6 29 theme reasonable 978:987 arg1 target 989:994 a reasonable target 976:994 a reasonable target for extracorporeal liver supply 976:1026 Four 250-mL bioreactors represent approximately 15% of the hepatocytes in a liver, which is a reasonable target for extracorporeal liver supply. 28362045 7 30 theme bed 1118:1120 arg1 performances 1088:1099 the performances 1084:1099 the performances of the fluidized bed with plasma of different compositions 1084:1158 CONCLUSIONS Increasing bead density clearly maintained the performances of the fluidized bed with plasma of different compositions, without any risk of release out of the bioreactor. 28362045 9 31 theme setup 1475:1479 arg1 use 1454:1456 further use 1446:1456 further use of the Suppliver setup in human scale preclinical studies 1446:1514 This concentration can thus be applied to the production of large-scale encapsulated biomass for further use of the Suppliver setup in human scale preclinical studies. 28362045 3 32 theme basic 636:640 arg1 function 652:659 basic metabolic function 636:659 basic metabolic function 636:659 METHODS In this study, we assessed the impact of this additional component on the bead production process, bed fluidization, mass transfer and the mechanical properties of the beads, as well as cell viability and basic metabolic function. 28362045 4 33 theme microspheres 707:718 arg1 v/v 699:701 1% v/v 696:701 1% v/v 696:701 RESULTS A concentration of 20 mg (1% v/v) of microspheres for 15-20 million cells per milliliter of alginate solution appears to be the best configuration. 28362045 4 33 theme microspheres 707:718 arg1 mg 692:693 20 mg 689:693 20 mg (1% v/v) of microspheres for 15-20 million cells per milliliter of alginate solution 689:778 RESULTS A concentration of 20 mg (1% v/v) of microspheres for 15-20 million cells per milliliter of alginate solution appears to be the best configuration. 28362045 5 34 theme filling 822:828 arg1 ratio 830:834 The filling ratio 818:834 The filling ratio for the beads in the bioreactors 818:867 The filling ratio for the beads in the bioreactors can reach 60%. 28362045 0 35 theme bed 25:27 arg1 liver 69:73 an external bioartificial liver 43:73 an external bioartificial liver 43:73 Optimizing the fluidized bed bioreactor as an external bioartificial liver. 28362045 0 35 theme bed 25:27 arg1 bioreactor 29:38 the fluidized bed bioreactor 11:38 the fluidized bed bioreactor 11:38 Optimizing the fluidized bed bioreactor as an external bioartificial liver. 28362045 8 36 theme % 1215:1215 arg1 -concentration 1222:1235 A 1% (v/v)-concentration 1212:1235 A 1% (v/v)-concentration of microspheres in alginate solution 1212:1272 A 1% (v/v)-concentration of microspheres in alginate solution did not result in any alteration of the mechanical or biological behavior. 28362045 3 37 theme mechanical 570:579 arg1 properties 581:590 the mechanical properties 566:590 the mechanical properties of the beads 566:603 METHODS In this study, we assessed the impact of this additional component on the bead production process, bed fluidization, mass transfer and the mechanical properties of the beads, as well as cell viability and basic metabolic function. 28362045 9 38 theme human 1484:1488 arg1 studies 1508:1514 human scale preclinical studies 1484:1514 human scale preclinical studies 1484:1514 This concentration can thus be applied to the production of large-scale encapsulated biomass for further use of the Suppliver setup in human scale preclinical studies. 28362045 9 39 theme preclinical 1496:1506 arg1 studies 1508:1514 human scale preclinical studies 1484:1514 human scale preclinical studies 1484:1514 This concentration can thus be applied to the production of large-scale encapsulated biomass for further use of the Suppliver setup in human scale preclinical studies. 28362045 0 40 theme fluidized 15:23 arg1 liver 69:73 an external bioartificial liver 43:73 an external bioartificial liver 43:73 Optimizing the fluidized bed bioreactor as an external bioartificial liver. 28362045 0 40 theme fluidized 15:23 arg1 bioreactor 29:38 the fluidized bed bioreactor 11:38 the fluidized bed bioreactor 11:38 Optimizing the fluidized bed bioreactor as an external bioartificial liver. 28362045 6 41 theme 250-mL 889:894 arg1 bioreactors 896:906 Four 250-mL bioreactors 884:906 Four 250-mL bioreactors 884:906 Four 250-mL bioreactors represent approximately 15% of the hepatocytes in a liver, which is a reasonable target for extracorporeal liver supply. 28362045 7 42 dep bioreactor 1200:1209 arg1 out 1189:1191 out 1189:1191 out 1189:1191 CONCLUSIONS Increasing bead density clearly maintained the performances of the fluidized bed with plasma of different compositions, without any risk of release out of the bioreactor. 28362045 3 43 theme cell 617:620 arg1 viability 622:630 cell viability 617:630 cell viability 617:630 METHODS In this study, we assessed the impact of this additional component on the bead production process, bed fluidization, mass transfer and the mechanical properties of the beads, as well as cell viability and basic metabolic function. 28362045 3 44 theme mass 548:551 arg1 transfer 553:560 mass transfer 548:560 mass transfer 548:560 METHODS In this study, we assessed the impact of this additional component on the bead production process, bed fluidization, mass transfer and the mechanical properties of the beads, as well as cell viability and basic metabolic function. 28362045 9 45 theme further 1446:1452 arg1 use 1454:1456 further use 1446:1456 further use of the Suppliver setup in human scale preclinical studies 1446:1514 This concentration can thus be applied to the production of large-scale encapsulated biomass for further use of the Suppliver setup in human scale preclinical studies. 28362045 1 46 theme bioartificial 136:148 arg1 liver 150:154 new bioartificial liver 132:154 a new bioartificial liver (BAL) called Suppliver based on a Prismaflex™ device, including fluidized bed bioreactors hosting alginate-encapsulated hepatocytes 130:286 BACKGROUND Our team previously designed and validated a new bioartificial liver (BAL) called Suppliver based on a Prismaflex™ device, including fluidized bed bioreactors hosting alginate-encapsulated hepatocytes. 28362045 1 46 theme bioartificial 136:148 arg1 BAL 157:159 BAL 157:159 BAL 157:159 BACKGROUND Our team previously designed and validated a new bioartificial liver (BAL) called Suppliver based on a Prismaflex™ device, including fluidized bed bioreactors hosting alginate-encapsulated hepatocytes. 28362045 3 47 theme component 488:496 arg1 function 652:659 basic metabolic function 636:659 basic metabolic function 636:659 METHODS In this study, we assessed the impact of this additional component on the bead production process, bed fluidization, mass transfer and the mechanical properties of the beads, as well as cell viability and basic metabolic function. 28362045 3 47 theme component 488:496 arg1 viability 622:630 cell viability 617:630 cell viability 617:630 METHODS In this study, we assessed the impact of this additional component on the bead production process, bed fluidization, mass transfer and the mechanical properties of the beads, as well as cell viability and basic metabolic function. 28362045 3 47 theme component 488:496 arg1 impact 462:467 the impact 458:467 the impact of this additional component on the bead production process, bed fluidization, mass transfer and the mechanical properties of the beads 458:603 METHODS In this study, we assessed the impact of this additional component on the bead production process, bed fluidization, mass transfer and the mechanical properties of the beads, as well as cell viability and basic metabolic function. 28362045 1 48 theme Prismaflex™ 190:200 arg1 device 202:207 a Prismaflex™ device 188:207 a Prismaflex™ device 188:207 BACKGROUND Our team previously designed and validated a new bioartificial liver (BAL) called Suppliver based on a Prismaflex™ device, including fluidized bed bioreactors hosting alginate-encapsulated hepatocytes. 28362045 4 49 theme alginate 762:769 arg1 solution 771:778 alginate solution 762:778 alginate solution 762:778 RESULTS A concentration of 20 mg (1% v/v) of microspheres for 15-20 million cells per milliliter of alginate solution appears to be the best configuration. 28362045 2 50 theme microspheres 409:420 arg1 addition 385:392 the addition 381:392 the addition of inert glass microspheres 381:420 To ensure correct fluidization within the bioreactor, the beads need to become heavier with the addition of inert glass microspheres. 28362045 6 51 theme hepatocytes 943:953 arg1 % 934:934 approximately 15% 918:934 approximately 15% of the hepatocytes 918:953 Four 250-mL bioreactors represent approximately 15% of the hepatocytes in a liver, which is a reasonable target for extracorporeal liver supply. 28362045 6 51 theme hepatocytes 943:953 arg1 hepatocytes 943:953 the hepatocytes 939:953 the hepatocytes 939:953 Four 250-mL bioreactors represent approximately 15% of the hepatocytes in a liver, which is a reasonable target for extracorporeal liver supply. 28362045 2 52 theme glass 403:407 arg1 microspheres 409:420 inert glass microspheres 397:420 inert glass microspheres 397:420 To ensure correct fluidization within the bioreactor, the beads need to become heavier with the addition of inert glass microspheres. 28362045 0 53 theme external 46:53 arg1 liver 69:73 an external bioartificial liver 43:73 an external bioartificial liver 43:73 Optimizing the fluidized bed bioreactor as an external bioartificial liver. 28362045 0 53 theme external 46:53 arg1 bioreactor 29:38 the fluidized bed bioreactor 11:38 the fluidized bed bioreactor 11:38 Optimizing the fluidized bed bioreactor as an external bioartificial liver. 28362045 4 54 theme solution 771:778 arg1 milliliter 748:757 milliliter 748:757 milliliter of alginate solution 748:778 RESULTS A concentration of 20 mg (1% v/v) of microspheres for 15-20 million cells per milliliter of alginate solution appears to be the best configuration. 28362045 9 55 theme biomass 1434:1440 arg1 production 1395:1404 the production 1391:1404 the production of large-scale encapsulated biomass for further use of the Suppliver setup in human scale preclinical studies 1391:1514 This concentration can thus be applied to the production of large-scale encapsulated biomass for further use of the Suppliver setup in human scale preclinical studies. 28362045 3 56 theme additional 477:486 arg1 component 488:496 this additional component 472:496 this additional component 472:496 METHODS In this study, we assessed the impact of this additional component on the bead production process, bed fluidization, mass transfer and the mechanical properties of the beads, as well as cell viability and basic metabolic function. 28362045 9 57 theme large-scale 1409:1419 arg1 biomass 1434:1440 large-scale encapsulated biomass 1409:1440 large-scale encapsulated biomass for further use of the Suppliver setup in human scale preclinical studies 1409:1514 This concentration can thus be applied to the production of large-scale encapsulated biomass for further use of the Suppliver setup in human scale preclinical studies. 28362045 3 58 theme metabolic 642:650 arg1 function 652:659 basic metabolic function 636:659 basic metabolic function 636:659 METHODS In this study, we assessed the impact of this additional component on the bead production process, bed fluidization, mass transfer and the mechanical properties of the beads, as well as cell viability and basic metabolic function. 28362045 1 59 theme liver 150:154 arg1 Suppliver 169:177 a new bioartificial liver (BAL) called Suppliver 130:177 a new bioartificial liver (BAL) called Suppliver based on a Prismaflex™ device, including fluidized bed bioreactors hosting alginate-encapsulated hepatocytes 130:286 BACKGROUND Our team previously designed and validated a new bioartificial liver (BAL) called Suppliver based on a Prismaflex™ device, including fluidized bed bioreactors hosting alginate-encapsulated hepatocytes. 28362045 7 60 theme bioreactor 1200:1209 arg1 release 1181:1187 release 1181:1187 release out of the bioreactor 1181:1209 CONCLUSIONS Increasing bead density clearly maintained the performances of the fluidized bed with plasma of different compositions, without any risk of release out of the bioreactor. 28362045 1 61 dep BACKGROUND 76:85 arg1 validated 120:128 validated 120:128 validated a new bioartificial liver (BAL) called Suppliver based on a Prismaflex™ device, including fluidized bed bioreactors hosting alginate-encapsulated hepatocytes 120:286 BACKGROUND Our team previously designed and validated a new bioartificial liver (BAL) called Suppliver based on a Prismaflex™ device, including fluidized bed bioreactors hosting alginate-encapsulated hepatocytes. 28362045 1 61 dep BACKGROUND 76:85 arg1 designed 107:114 designed 107:114 designed 107:114 BACKGROUND Our team previously designed and validated a new bioartificial liver (BAL) called Suppliver based on a Prismaflex™ device, including fluidized bed bioreactors hosting alginate-encapsulated hepatocytes. 28362045 8 62 theme biological 1328:1337 arg1 behavior 1339:1346 the mechanical or biological behavior 1310:1346 the mechanical or biological behavior 1310:1346 A 1% (v/v)-concentration of microspheres in alginate solution did not result in any alteration of the mechanical or biological behavior. 28362045 9 63 theme Suppliver 1465:1473 arg1 setup 1475:1479 the Suppliver setup 1461:1479 the Suppliver setup 1461:1479 This concentration can thus be applied to the production of large-scale encapsulated biomass for further use of the Suppliver setup in human scale preclinical studies. 28362045 3 64 from impact 462:467 arg1 properties 581:590 the mechanical properties 566:590 the mechanical properties of the beads 566:603 METHODS In this study, we assessed the impact of this additional component on the bead production process, bed fluidization, mass transfer and the mechanical properties of the beads, as well as cell viability and basic metabolic function. 28362045 3 64 from impact 462:467 arg1 process 521:527 the bead production process 501:527 the bead production process 501:527 METHODS In this study, we assessed the impact of this additional component on the bead production process, bed fluidization, mass transfer and the mechanical properties of the beads, as well as cell viability and basic metabolic function. 28362045 3 64 from impact 462:467 arg1 fluidization 534:545 bed fluidization 530:545 bed fluidization 530:545 METHODS In this study, we assessed the impact of this additional component on the bead production process, bed fluidization, mass transfer and the mechanical properties of the beads, as well as cell viability and basic metabolic function. 28362045 3 64 from impact 462:467 arg1 transfer 553:560 mass transfer 548:560 mass transfer 548:560 METHODS In this study, we assessed the impact of this additional component on the bead production process, bed fluidization, mass transfer and the mechanical properties of the beads, as well as cell viability and basic metabolic function. 28362045 8 65 theme alginate 1256:1263 arg1 solution 1265:1272 alginate solution 1256:1272 alginate solution 1256:1272 A 1% (v/v)-concentration of microspheres in alginate solution did not result in any alteration of the mechanical or biological behavior. 28362045 8 66 dep % 1215:1215 arg1 v/v 1218:1220 v/v 1218:1220 v/v 1218:1220 A 1% (v/v)-concentration of microspheres in alginate solution did not result in any alteration of the mechanical or biological behavior. 28362045 3 67 theme bed 530:532 arg1 fluidization 534:545 bed fluidization 530:545 bed fluidization 530:545 METHODS In this study, we assessed the impact of this additional component on the bead production process, bed fluidization, mass transfer and the mechanical properties of the beads, as well as cell viability and basic metabolic function. 28362045 1 68 theme new 132:134 arg1 liver 150:154 new bioartificial liver 132:154 a new bioartificial liver (BAL) called Suppliver based on a Prismaflex™ device, including fluidized bed bioreactors hosting alginate-encapsulated hepatocytes 130:286 BACKGROUND Our team previously designed and validated a new bioartificial liver (BAL) called Suppliver based on a Prismaflex™ device, including fluidized bed bioreactors hosting alginate-encapsulated hepatocytes. 28362045 1 68 theme new 132:134 arg1 BAL 157:159 BAL 157:159 BAL 157:159 BACKGROUND Our team previously designed and validated a new bioartificial liver (BAL) called Suppliver based on a Prismaflex™ device, including fluidized bed bioreactors hosting alginate-encapsulated hepatocytes. 28362045 2 69 with heavier 368:374 arg1 addition 385:392 the addition 381:392 the addition of inert glass microspheres 381:420 To ensure correct fluidization within the bioreactor, the beads need to become heavier with the addition of inert glass microspheres. 28362045 8 70 theme behavior 1339:1346 arg1 alteration 1296:1305 any alteration 1292:1305 any alteration of the mechanical or biological behavior 1292:1346 A 1% (v/v)-concentration of microspheres in alginate solution did not result in any alteration of the mechanical or biological behavior. 28362045 9 71 theme encapsulated 1421:1432 arg1 biomass 1434:1440 large-scale encapsulated biomass 1409:1440 large-scale encapsulated biomass for further use of the Suppliver setup in human scale preclinical studies 1409:1514 This concentration can thus be applied to the production of large-scale encapsulated biomass for further use of the Suppliver setup in human scale preclinical studies. 28362045 3 72 theme bead 505:508 arg1 process 521:527 the bead production process 501:527 the bead production process 501:527 METHODS In this study, we assessed the impact of this additional component on the bead production process, bed fluidization, mass transfer and the mechanical properties of the beads, as well as cell viability and basic metabolic function. 28362045 1 73 theme fluidized 220:228 arg1 bioreactors 234:244 fluidized bed bioreactors 220:244 fluidized bed bioreactors hosting alginate-encapsulated hepatocytes 220:286 BACKGROUND Our team previously designed and validated a new bioartificial liver (BAL) called Suppliver based on a Prismaflex™ device, including fluidized bed bioreactors hosting alginate-encapsulated hepatocytes. 28362045 0 74 theme bioartificial 55:67 arg1 liver 69:73 an external bioartificial liver 43:73 an external bioartificial liver 43:73 Optimizing the fluidized bed bioreactor as an external bioartificial liver. 28362045 0 74 theme bioartificial 55:67 arg1 bioreactor 29:38 the fluidized bed bioreactor 11:38 the fluidized bed bioreactor 11:38 Optimizing the fluidized bed bioreactor as an external bioartificial liver. 28362045 3 75 theme beads 599:603 arg1 properties 581:590 the mechanical properties 566:590 the mechanical properties of the beads 566:603 METHODS In this study, we assessed the impact of this additional component on the bead production process, bed fluidization, mass transfer and the mechanical properties of the beads, as well as cell viability and basic metabolic function. 28362045 3 75 theme beads 599:603 arg1 process 521:527 the bead production process 501:527 the bead production process 501:527 METHODS In this study, we assessed the impact of this additional component on the bead production process, bed fluidization, mass transfer and the mechanical properties of the beads, as well as cell viability and basic metabolic function. 28362045 3 75 theme beads 599:603 arg1 fluidization 534:545 bed fluidization 530:545 bed fluidization 530:545 METHODS In this study, we assessed the impact of this additional component on the bead production process, bed fluidization, mass transfer and the mechanical properties of the beads, as well as cell viability and basic metabolic function. 28362045 3 75 theme beads 599:603 arg1 transfer 553:560 mass transfer 548:560 mass transfer 548:560 METHODS In this study, we assessed the impact of this additional component on the bead production process, bed fluidization, mass transfer and the mechanical properties of the beads, as well as cell viability and basic metabolic function. 28362045 3 76 theme production 510:519 arg1 process 521:527 the bead production process 501:527 the bead production process 501:527 METHODS In this study, we assessed the impact of this additional component on the bead production process, bed fluidization, mass transfer and the mechanical properties of the beads, as well as cell viability and basic metabolic function. 28362045 1 77 theme bed 230:232 arg1 bioreactors 234:244 fluidized bed bioreactors 220:244 fluidized bed bioreactors hosting alginate-encapsulated hepatocytes 220:286 BACKGROUND Our team previously designed and validated a new bioartificial liver (BAL) called Suppliver based on a Prismaflex™ device, including fluidized bed bioreactors hosting alginate-encapsulated hepatocytes. 25439888 4 0 theme mechanical 551:560 arg1 properties 562:571 mechanical properties 551:571 mechanical properties 551:571 For each assay, the following dependent variables were measured: water vapor permeability (WVP), thickness, opacity and mechanical properties. 25439888 4 1 theme vapor 502:506 arg1 WVP 522:524 WVP 522:524 WVP 522:524 For each assay, the following dependent variables were measured: water vapor permeability (WVP), thickness, opacity and mechanical properties. 25439888 4 1 theme vapor 502:506 arg1 permeability 508:519 water vapor permeability 496:519 water vapor permeability (WVP) 496:525 For each assay, the following dependent variables were measured: water vapor permeability (WVP), thickness, opacity and mechanical properties. 25439888 7 2 theme assessed 915:922 arg1 variables 933:941 the assessed response variables 911:941 the assessed response variables 911:941 The films containing only gelatin in their matrix displayed better results than the starch films, and the addition of CNC had a positive effect on the assessed response variables. 25439888 7 3 theme starch 848:853 arg1 films 855:859 the starch films 844:859 the starch films 844:859 The films containing only gelatin in their matrix displayed better results than the starch films, and the addition of CNC had a positive effect on the assessed response variables. 25439888 3 4 theme rotatable 354:362 arg1 design 382:387 rotatable central composite design 354:387 rotatable central composite design 354:387 Eleven treatments were considered using RCCD (rotatable central composite design), in addition to four control treatments. 25439888 3 4 theme rotatable 354:362 arg1 RCCD 348:351 RCCD 348:351 RCCD (rotatable central composite design) 348:388 Eleven treatments were considered using RCCD (rotatable central composite design), in addition to four control treatments. 25439888 0 5 from Effect 0:5 arg1 starch 53:58 corn starch 48:58 corn starch 48:58 Effect of cellulose nanocrystals and gelatin in corn starch plasticized films. 25439888 8 6 theme strong 1012:1017 arg1 interactions 1019:1030 strong interactions 1012:1030 strong interactions between the filler and matrix 1012:1060 The films exhibited homogeneous and cohesive structures, indicating strong interactions between the filler and matrix. 25439888 7 7 theme response 924:931 arg1 variables 933:941 the assessed response variables 911:941 the assessed response variables 911:941 The films containing only gelatin in their matrix displayed better results than the starch films, and the addition of CNC had a positive effect on the assessed response variables. 25439888 2 8 theme CNC 296:298 arg1 films 301:305 starch/gelatin/cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) films 257:305 starch/gelatin/cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) films 257:305 The goal has been to investigate the properties of starch/gelatin/cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) films. 25439888 3 9 theme central 364:370 arg1 design 382:387 rotatable central composite design 354:387 rotatable central composite design 354:387 Eleven treatments were considered using RCCD (rotatable central composite design), in addition to four control treatments. 25439888 3 9 theme central 364:370 arg1 RCCD 348:351 RCCD 348:351 RCCD (rotatable central composite design) 348:388 Eleven treatments were considered using RCCD (rotatable central composite design), in addition to four control treatments. 25439888 4 10 theme dependent 461:469 arg1 variables 471:479 the following dependent variables 447:479 the following dependent variables 447:479 For each assay, the following dependent variables were measured: water vapor permeability (WVP), thickness, opacity and mechanical properties. 25439888 4 11 theme following 451:459 arg1 variables 471:479 the following dependent variables 447:479 the following dependent variables 447:479 For each assay, the following dependent variables were measured: water vapor permeability (WVP), thickness, opacity and mechanical properties. 25439888 5 12 theme thermal 597:603 arg1 properties 605:614 thermal properties 597:614 thermal properties 597:614 The microstructure and thermal properties of the films were also assessed. 25439888 2 13 theme nanocrystals 282:293 arg1 films 301:305 starch/gelatin/cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) films 257:305 starch/gelatin/cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) films 257:305 The goal has been to investigate the properties of starch/gelatin/cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) films. 25439888 1 14 theme biodegradable 155:167 arg1 matrices 169:176 biodegradable matrices 155:176 biodegradable matrices 155:176 Cellulose at the nanoparticle scale has been studied as a reinforcement for biodegradable matrices to improve film properties. 25439888 0 15 from gelatin 37:43 arg1 starch 53:58 corn starch 48:58 corn starch 48:58 Effect of cellulose nanocrystals and gelatin in corn starch plasticized films. 25439888 7 16 theme positive 892:899 arg1 effect 901:906 a positive effect 890:906 a positive effect 890:906 The films containing only gelatin in their matrix displayed better results than the starch films, and the addition of CNC had a positive effect on the assessed response variables. 25439888 2 17 theme starch/gelatin/cellulose 257:280 arg1 films 301:305 starch/gelatin/cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) films 257:305 starch/gelatin/cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) films 257:305 The goal has been to investigate the properties of starch/gelatin/cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) films. 25439888 7 18 theme better 824:829 arg1 results 831:837 better results 824:837 better results 824:837 The films containing only gelatin in their matrix displayed better results than the starch films, and the addition of CNC had a positive effect on the assessed response variables. 25439888 7 19 contain containing 774:783 arg2 gelatin 790:796 only gelatin 785:796 only gelatin 785:796 The films containing only gelatin in their matrix displayed better results than the starch films, and the addition of CNC had a positive effect on the assessed response variables. 25439888 7 19 contain containing 774:783 arg1 films 768:772 The films 764:772 The films containing only gelatin in their matrix 764:812 The films containing only gelatin in their matrix displayed better results than the starch films, and the addition of CNC had a positive effect on the assessed response variables. 25439888 6 20 theme CNC 674:676 arg1 concentrations 678:691 CNC concentrations 674:691 CNC concentrations 674:691 Increases in gelatin and CNC concentrations lead to increases in film thickness, strength and elongation at break. 25439888 3 21 theme control 411:417 arg1 treatments 419:428 four control treatments 406:428 four control treatments 406:428 Eleven treatments were considered using RCCD (rotatable central composite design), in addition to four control treatments. 25439888 7 22 contain had 886:888 arg1 addition 870:877 the addition 866:877 the addition of CNC 866:884 The films containing only gelatin in their matrix displayed better results than the starch films, and the addition of CNC had a positive effect on the assessed response variables. 25439888 7 22 contain had 886:888 arg2 effect 901:906 a positive effect 890:906 a positive effect 890:906 The films containing only gelatin in their matrix displayed better results than the starch films, and the addition of CNC had a positive effect on the assessed response variables. 25439888 7 23 theme only 785:788 arg1 gelatin 790:796 only gelatin 785:796 only gelatin 785:796 The films containing only gelatin in their matrix displayed better results than the starch films, and the addition of CNC had a positive effect on the assessed response variables. 25439888 5 24 theme films 623:627 arg1 microstructure 578:591 microstructure 578:591 microstructure 578:591 The microstructure and thermal properties of the films were also assessed. 25439888 5 24 theme films 623:627 arg1 properties 605:614 thermal properties 597:614 thermal properties 597:614 The microstructure and thermal properties of the films were also assessed. 25439888 1 25 from scale 109:113 arg1 reinforcement 137:149 a reinforcement 135:149 a reinforcement for biodegradable matrices to improve film properties 135:203 Cellulose at the nanoparticle scale has been studied as a reinforcement for biodegradable matrices to improve film properties. 25439888 1 25 from scale 109:113 arg1 Cellulose 79:87 Cellulose 79:87 Cellulose at the nanoparticle scale 79:113 Cellulose at the nanoparticle scale has been studied as a reinforcement for biodegradable matrices to improve film properties. 25439888 6 26 from Increases 649:657 arg1 gelatin 662:668 gelatin 662:668 gelatin 662:668 Increases in gelatin and CNC concentrations lead to increases in film thickness, strength and elongation at break. 25439888 6 26 from Increases 649:657 arg1 concentrations 678:691 CNC concentrations 674:691 CNC concentrations 674:691 Increases in gelatin and CNC concentrations lead to increases in film thickness, strength and elongation at break. 25439888 3 27 theme composite 372:380 arg1 design 382:387 rotatable central composite design 354:387 rotatable central composite design 354:387 Eleven treatments were considered using RCCD (rotatable central composite design), in addition to four control treatments. 25439888 3 27 theme composite 372:380 arg1 RCCD 348:351 RCCD 348:351 RCCD (rotatable central composite design) 348:388 Eleven treatments were considered using RCCD (rotatable central composite design), in addition to four control treatments. 25439888 8 28 theme cohesive 980:987 arg1 structures 989:998 homogeneous and cohesive structures 964:998 homogeneous and cohesive structures 964:998 The films exhibited homogeneous and cohesive structures, indicating strong interactions between the filler and matrix. 25439888 2 29 theme films 301:305 arg1 properties 243:252 the properties 239:252 the properties of starch/gelatin/cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) films 239:305 The goal has been to investigate the properties of starch/gelatin/cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) films. 25439888 9 30 theme low 1074:1076 arg1 levels 1078:1083 low levels 1074:1083 low levels of gelatin and CNC 1074:1102 Films with low levels of gelatin and CNC presented the maximum degradation temperature. 25439888 1 31 theme film 189:192 arg1 properties 194:203 film properties 189:203 film properties 189:203 Cellulose at the nanoparticle scale has been studied as a reinforcement for biodegradable matrices to improve film properties. 25439888 0 32 theme cellulose 10:18 arg1 nanocrystals 20:31 cellulose nanocrystals 10:31 cellulose nanocrystals 10:31 Effect of cellulose nanocrystals and gelatin in corn starch plasticized films. 25439888 1 33 theme nanoparticle 96:107 arg1 scale 109:113 the nanoparticle scale 92:113 the nanoparticle scale 92:113 Cellulose at the nanoparticle scale has been studied as a reinforcement for biodegradable matrices to improve film properties. 25439888 6 34 from break 757:761 arg1 increases 701:709 increases 701:709 increases in film thickness, strength and elongation at break 701:761 Increases in gelatin and CNC concentrations lead to increases in film thickness, strength and elongation at break. 25439888 0 35 theme nanocrystals 20:31 arg1 gelatin 37:43 gelatin 37:43 gelatin in corn starch 37:58 Effect of cellulose nanocrystals and gelatin in corn starch plasticized films. 25439888 0 35 theme nanocrystals 20:31 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of cellulose nanocrystals 0:31 Effect of cellulose nanocrystals and gelatin in corn starch plasticized films. 25439888 9 36 theme gelatin 1088:1094 arg1 levels 1078:1083 low levels 1074:1083 low levels of gelatin and CNC 1074:1102 Films with low levels of gelatin and CNC presented the maximum degradation temperature. 25439888 9 37 theme maximum 1118:1124 arg1 temperature 1138:1148 the maximum degradation temperature 1114:1148 the maximum degradation temperature 1114:1148 Films with low levels of gelatin and CNC presented the maximum degradation temperature. 25439888 0 38 theme corn 48:51 arg1 starch 53:58 corn starch 48:58 corn starch 48:58 Effect of cellulose nanocrystals and gelatin in corn starch plasticized films. 25439888 4 39 theme water 496:500 arg1 WVP 522:524 WVP 522:524 WVP 522:524 For each assay, the following dependent variables were measured: water vapor permeability (WVP), thickness, opacity and mechanical properties. 25439888 4 39 theme water 496:500 arg1 permeability 508:519 water vapor permeability 496:519 water vapor permeability (WVP) 496:525 For each assay, the following dependent variables were measured: water vapor permeability (WVP), thickness, opacity and mechanical properties. 25439888 9 40 with Films 1063:1067 arg1 levels 1078:1083 low levels 1074:1083 low levels of gelatin and CNC 1074:1102 Films with low levels of gelatin and CNC presented the maximum degradation temperature. 25439888 9 41 theme CNC 1100:1102 arg1 levels 1078:1083 low levels 1074:1083 low levels of gelatin and CNC 1074:1102 Films with low levels of gelatin and CNC presented the maximum degradation temperature. 25439888 8 42 theme homogeneous 964:974 arg1 structures 989:998 homogeneous and cohesive structures 964:998 homogeneous and cohesive structures 964:998 The films exhibited homogeneous and cohesive structures, indicating strong interactions between the filler and matrix. 25439888 7 43 theme CNC 882:884 arg1 addition 870:877 the addition 866:877 the addition of CNC 866:884 The films containing only gelatin in their matrix displayed better results than the starch films, and the addition of CNC had a positive effect on the assessed response variables. 25439888 8 44 dep filler 1044:1049 arg1 the 1040:1042 the 1040:1042 the 1040:1042 The films exhibited homogeneous and cohesive structures, indicating strong interactions between the filler and matrix. 25439888 6 45 theme film 714:717 arg1 thickness 719:727 film thickness 714:727 film thickness 714:727 Increases in gelatin and CNC concentrations lead to increases in film thickness, strength and elongation at break. 25439888 5 46 dep microstructure 578:591 arg1 The 574:576 The 574:576 The 574:576 The microstructure and thermal properties of the films were also assessed. 25439888 9 47 theme degradation 1126:1136 arg1 temperature 1138:1148 the maximum degradation temperature 1114:1148 the maximum degradation temperature 1114:1148 Films with low levels of gelatin and CNC presented the maximum degradation temperature. 25439888 6 48 from increases 701:709 arg1 strength 730:737 strength 730:737 strength 730:737 Increases in gelatin and CNC concentrations lead to increases in film thickness, strength and elongation at break. 25439888 6 48 from increases 701:709 arg1 thickness 719:727 film thickness 714:727 film thickness 714:727 Increases in gelatin and CNC concentrations lead to increases in film thickness, strength and elongation at break. 25439888 6 48 from increases 701:709 arg1 elongation 743:752 elongation 743:752 elongation 743:752 Increases in gelatin and CNC concentrations lead to increases in film thickness, strength and elongation at break. 29103349 8 0 theme sucrose 1130:1136 arg1 content 1138:1144 the pellets' sucrose content 1117:1144 the pellets' sucrose content 1117:1144 An increase of the pellets' sucrose content leads to a more porous surface structure, which gives them an enhanced wetting behavior with coating dispersions. 29103349 9 1 theme adhesion 1264:1271 arg1 energies 1273:1280 The adhesion energies 1260:1280 The adhesion energies of extruded sugar-starch pellets 1260:1313 The adhesion energies of extruded sugar-starch pellets are similar to those of commercial sugar spheres, which comply with pharmacopeial requirements. 29103349 9 1 theme adhesion 1264:1271 arg1 similar 1319:1325 similar 1319:1325 similar 1319:1325 The adhesion energies of extruded sugar-starch pellets are similar to those of commercial sugar spheres, which comply with pharmacopeial requirements. 29103349 5 2 theme surface 665:671 arg1 energies 673:680 the surface energies 661:680 the surface energies of various kinds of corn starch (normal, waxy, high-amylose) and sucrose pellets 661:761 In this context, the surface energies of various kinds of corn starch (normal, waxy, high-amylose) and sucrose pellets were analyzed using the sessile drop method, whereas the surface tensions of the coating dispersions were examined using the pendant drop method. 29103349 2 3 theme manufacturing 374:386 arg1 process 388:394 the manufacturing process 370:394 the manufacturing process 370:394 Both the European Pharmcopoeia 8.6 and the United States Pharmacopoeia 40 specify the composition of sugar-starch pellets without giving requirements for the manufacturing process. 29103349 9 4 theme extruded 1285:1292 arg1 pellets 1307:1313 extruded sugar-starch pellets 1285:1313 extruded sugar-starch pellets 1285:1313 The adhesion energies of extruded sugar-starch pellets are similar to those of commercial sugar spheres, which comply with pharmacopeial requirements. 29103349 5 5 theme drop 896:899 arg1 method 901:906 the pendant drop method 884:906 the pendant drop method 884:906 In this context, the surface energies of various kinds of corn starch (normal, waxy, high-amylose) and sucrose pellets were analyzed using the sessile drop method, whereas the surface tensions of the coating dispersions were examined using the pendant drop method. 29103349 6 6 theme studies 971:977 arg1 results 954:960 the results 950:960 the results of these studies 950:977 The adhesion forces were calculated from the results of these studies. 29103349 4 7 theme different 598:606 arg1 types 608:612 different types 598:612 different types of pellets 598:623 Therefore, the adhesion energies of three coating dispersions (sustained, enteric and immediate release) on different types of pellets were investigated. 29103349 4 8 theme dispersions 540:550 arg1 energies 514:521 the adhesion energies 501:521 the adhesion energies of three coating dispersions (sustained, enteric and immediate release) on different types of pellets 501:623 Therefore, the adhesion energies of three coating dispersions (sustained, enteric and immediate release) on different types of pellets were investigated. 29103349 10 9 theme pellets 1425:1431 arg1 types 1416:1420 Both types 1411:1420 Both types of pellets 1411:1431 Both types of pellets are equally suited for coating. 29103349 8 10 with behavior 1225:1232 arg1 dispersions 1247:1257 coating dispersions 1239:1257 coating dispersions 1239:1257 An increase of the pellets' sucrose content leads to a more porous surface structure, which gives them an enhanced wetting behavior with coating dispersions. 29103349 4 11 theme pellets 617:623 arg1 types 608:612 different types 598:612 different types of pellets 598:623 Therefore, the adhesion energies of three coating dispersions (sustained, enteric and immediate release) on different types of pellets were investigated. 29103349 2 12 theme pellets 330:336 arg1 composition 302:312 the composition 298:312 the composition of sugar-starch pellets 298:336 Both the European Pharmcopoeia 8.6 and the United States Pharmacopoeia 40 specify the composition of sugar-starch pellets without giving requirements for the manufacturing process. 29103349 4 13 theme adhesion 505:512 arg1 energies 514:521 the adhesion energies 501:521 the adhesion energies of three coating dispersions (sustained, enteric and immediate release) on different types of pellets 501:623 Therefore, the adhesion energies of three coating dispersions (sustained, enteric and immediate release) on different types of pellets were investigated. 29103349 5 14 theme various 685:691 arg1 kinds 693:697 various kinds 685:697 various kinds of corn starch (normal, waxy, high-amylose) 685:741 In this context, the surface energies of various kinds of corn starch (normal, waxy, high-amylose) and sucrose pellets were analyzed using the sessile drop method, whereas the surface tensions of the coating dispersions were examined using the pendant drop method. 29103349 5 15 theme pendant 888:894 arg1 method 901:906 the pendant drop method 884:906 the pendant drop method 884:906 In this context, the surface energies of various kinds of corn starch (normal, waxy, high-amylose) and sucrose pellets were analyzed using the sessile drop method, whereas the surface tensions of the coating dispersions were examined using the pendant drop method. 29103349 9 16 theme sugar 1350:1354 arg1 spheres 1356:1362 commercial sugar spheres 1339:1362 commercial sugar spheres 1339:1362 The adhesion energies of extruded sugar-starch pellets are similar to those of commercial sugar spheres, which comply with pharmacopeial requirements. 29103349 5 17 theme coating 844:850 arg1 dispersions 852:862 the coating dispersions 840:862 the coating dispersions 840:862 In this context, the surface energies of various kinds of corn starch (normal, waxy, high-amylose) and sucrose pellets were analyzed using the sessile drop method, whereas the surface tensions of the coating dispersions were examined using the pendant drop method. 29103349 5 18 dep kinds 693:697 arg1 normal 715:720 normal 715:720 normal 715:720 In this context, the surface energies of various kinds of corn starch (normal, waxy, high-amylose) and sucrose pellets were analyzed using the sessile drop method, whereas the surface tensions of the coating dispersions were examined using the pendant drop method. 29103349 5 18 dep kinds 693:697 arg1 high-amylose 729:740 high-amylose 729:740 high-amylose 729:740 In this context, the surface energies of various kinds of corn starch (normal, waxy, high-amylose) and sucrose pellets were analyzed using the sessile drop method, whereas the surface tensions of the coating dispersions were examined using the pendant drop method. 29103349 5 18 dep kinds 693:697 arg1 waxy 723:726 waxy 723:726 waxy 723:726 In this context, the surface energies of various kinds of corn starch (normal, waxy, high-amylose) and sucrose pellets were analyzed using the sessile drop method, whereas the surface tensions of the coating dispersions were examined using the pendant drop method. 29103349 9 19 theme sugar-starch 1294:1305 arg1 pellets 1307:1313 extruded sugar-starch pellets 1285:1313 extruded sugar-starch pellets 1285:1313 The adhesion energies of extruded sugar-starch pellets are similar to those of commercial sugar spheres, which comply with pharmacopeial requirements. 29103349 7 20 theme surface 1088:1094 arg1 area 1096:1099 specific surface area 1079:1099 specific surface area 1079:1099 Furthermore, sugar spheres were characterized in terms of particle size distribution, porosity and specific surface area. 29103349 1 21 theme Hot-melt 77:84 arg1 pellets 108:114 Hot-melt extruded sugar-starch pellets 77:114 Hot-melt extruded sugar-starch pellets 77:114 Hot-melt extruded sugar-starch pellets are an alternative for commercial sugar spheres, but their coating properties remain to be studied. 29103349 1 21 theme Hot-melt 77:84 arg1 alternative 123:133 an alternative 120:133 an alternative for commercial sugar spheres 120:162 Hot-melt extruded sugar-starch pellets are an alternative for commercial sugar spheres, but their coating properties remain to be studied. 29103349 1 22 theme coating 175:181 arg1 properties 183:192 their coating properties 169:192 their coating properties 169:192 Hot-melt extruded sugar-starch pellets are an alternative for commercial sugar spheres, but their coating properties remain to be studied. 29103349 5 23 theme drop 795:798 arg1 method 800:805 the sessile drop method 783:805 the sessile drop method 783:805 In this context, the surface energies of various kinds of corn starch (normal, waxy, high-amylose) and sucrose pellets were analyzed using the sessile drop method, whereas the surface tensions of the coating dispersions were examined using the pendant drop method. 29103349 9 24 theme pellets 1307:1313 arg1 energies 1273:1280 The adhesion energies 1260:1280 The adhesion energies of extruded sugar-starch pellets 1260:1313 The adhesion energies of extruded sugar-starch pellets are similar to those of commercial sugar spheres, which comply with pharmacopeial requirements. 29103349 9 24 theme pellets 1307:1313 arg1 similar 1319:1325 similar 1319:1325 similar 1319:1325 The adhesion energies of extruded sugar-starch pellets are similar to those of commercial sugar spheres, which comply with pharmacopeial requirements. 29103349 4 25 from energies 514:521 arg1 types 608:612 different types 598:612 different types of pellets 598:623 Therefore, the adhesion energies of three coating dispersions (sustained, enteric and immediate release) on different types of pellets were investigated. 29103349 1 26 theme extruded 86:93 arg1 pellets 108:114 Hot-melt extruded sugar-starch pellets 77:114 Hot-melt extruded sugar-starch pellets 77:114 Hot-melt extruded sugar-starch pellets are an alternative for commercial sugar spheres, but their coating properties remain to be studied. 29103349 1 26 theme extruded 86:93 arg1 alternative 123:133 an alternative 120:133 an alternative for commercial sugar spheres 120:162 Hot-melt extruded sugar-starch pellets are an alternative for commercial sugar spheres, but their coating properties remain to be studied. 29103349 5 27 theme dispersions 852:862 arg1 tensions 828:835 the surface tensions 816:835 the surface tensions of the coating dispersions 816:862 In this context, the surface energies of various kinds of corn starch (normal, waxy, high-amylose) and sucrose pellets were analyzed using the sessile drop method, whereas the surface tensions of the coating dispersions were examined using the pendant drop method. 29103349 3 28 theme various 404:410 arg1 techniques 424:433 various fabrication techniques 404:433 various fabrication techniques 404:433 Due to various fabrication techniques, the physicochemical properties of pellets may differ. 29103349 1 29 theme sugar-starch 95:106 arg1 pellets 108:114 Hot-melt extruded sugar-starch pellets 77:114 Hot-melt extruded sugar-starch pellets 77:114 Hot-melt extruded sugar-starch pellets are an alternative for commercial sugar spheres, but their coating properties remain to be studied. 29103349 1 29 theme sugar-starch 95:106 arg1 alternative 123:133 an alternative 120:133 an alternative for commercial sugar spheres 120:162 Hot-melt extruded sugar-starch pellets are an alternative for commercial sugar spheres, but their coating properties remain to be studied. 29103349 7 30 theme particle 1038:1045 arg1 distribution 1052:1063 particle size distribution 1038:1063 particle size distribution 1038:1063 Furthermore, sugar spheres were characterized in terms of particle size distribution, porosity and specific surface area. 29103349 3 31 theme fabrication 412:422 arg1 techniques 424:433 various fabrication techniques 404:433 various fabrication techniques 404:433 Due to various fabrication techniques, the physicochemical properties of pellets may differ. 29103349 7 32 theme specific 1079:1086 arg1 area 1096:1099 specific surface area 1079:1099 specific surface area 1079:1099 Furthermore, sugar spheres were characterized in terms of particle size distribution, porosity and specific surface area. 29103349 2 33 theme sugar-starch 317:328 arg1 pellets 330:336 sugar-starch pellets 317:336 sugar-starch pellets 317:336 Both the European Pharmcopoeia 8.6 and the United States Pharmacopoeia 40 specify the composition of sugar-starch pellets without giving requirements for the manufacturing process. 29103349 8 34 theme wetting 1217:1223 arg1 behavior 1225:1232 an enhanced wetting behavior 1205:1232 an enhanced wetting behavior with coating dispersions 1205:1257 An increase of the pellets' sucrose content leads to a more porous surface structure, which gives them an enhanced wetting behavior with coating dispersions. 29103349 0 35 theme energies 25:32 arg1 Determination 0:12 Determination 0:12 Determination of surface energies of hot-melt extruded sugar-starch pellets. 0:75 Determination of surface energies of hot-melt extruded sugar-starch pellets. 29103349 4 36 theme immediate 576:584 arg1 release 586:592 immediate release 576:592 immediate release 576:592 Therefore, the adhesion energies of three coating dispersions (sustained, enteric and immediate release) on different types of pellets were investigated. 29103349 5 37 theme sessile 787:793 arg1 method 800:805 the sessile drop method 783:805 the sessile drop method 783:805 In this context, the surface energies of various kinds of corn starch (normal, waxy, high-amylose) and sucrose pellets were analyzed using the sessile drop method, whereas the surface tensions of the coating dispersions were examined using the pendant drop method. 29103349 5 38 theme surface 820:826 arg1 tensions 828:835 the surface tensions 816:835 the surface tensions of the coating dispersions 816:862 In this context, the surface energies of various kinds of corn starch (normal, waxy, high-amylose) and sucrose pellets were analyzed using the sessile drop method, whereas the surface tensions of the coating dispersions were examined using the pendant drop method. 29103349 0 39 theme surface 17:23 arg1 energies 25:32 surface energies 17:32 surface energies of hot-melt extruded sugar-starch pellets 17:74 Determination of surface energies of hot-melt extruded sugar-starch pellets. 29103349 7 40 theme porosity 1066:1073 arg1 terms 1029:1033 terms 1029:1033 terms of particle size distribution, porosity and specific surface area 1029:1099 Furthermore, sugar spheres were characterized in terms of particle size distribution, porosity and specific surface area. 29103349 0 41 theme hot-melt 37:44 arg1 pellets 68:74 hot-melt extruded sugar-starch pellets 37:74 hot-melt extruded sugar-starch pellets 37:74 Determination of surface energies of hot-melt extruded sugar-starch pellets. 29103349 7 42 theme size 1047:1050 arg1 distribution 1052:1063 particle size distribution 1038:1063 particle size distribution 1038:1063 Furthermore, sugar spheres were characterized in terms of particle size distribution, porosity and specific surface area. 29103349 3 43 theme pellets 470:476 arg1 properties 456:465 the physicochemical properties 436:465 the physicochemical properties of pellets 436:476 Due to various fabrication techniques, the physicochemical properties of pellets may differ. 29103349 9 44 theme commercial 1339:1348 arg1 spheres 1356:1362 commercial sugar spheres 1339:1362 commercial sugar spheres 1339:1362 The adhesion energies of extruded sugar-starch pellets are similar to those of commercial sugar spheres, which comply with pharmacopeial requirements. 29103349 3 45 theme physicochemical 440:454 arg1 properties 456:465 the physicochemical properties 436:465 the physicochemical properties of pellets 436:476 Due to various fabrication techniques, the physicochemical properties of pellets may differ. 29103349 2 46 dep Pharmcopoeia 234:245 arg1 the 221:223 the 221:223 the 221:223 Both the European Pharmcopoeia 8.6 and the United States Pharmacopoeia 40 specify the composition of sugar-starch pellets without giving requirements for the manufacturing process. 29103349 2 46 dep Pharmcopoeia 234:245 arg1 Pharmacopoeia 273:285 Pharmacopoeia 40 273:288 Pharmacopoeia 40 273:288 Both the European Pharmcopoeia 8.6 and the United States Pharmacopoeia 40 specify the composition of sugar-starch pellets without giving requirements for the manufacturing process. 29103349 0 47 theme sugar-starch 55:66 arg1 pellets 68:74 hot-melt extruded sugar-starch pellets 37:74 hot-melt extruded sugar-starch pellets 37:74 Determination of surface energies of hot-melt extruded sugar-starch pellets. 29103349 4 48 dep dispersions 540:550 arg1 enteric 564:570 enteric 564:570 enteric 564:570 Therefore, the adhesion energies of three coating dispersions (sustained, enteric and immediate release) on different types of pellets were investigated. 29103349 4 48 dep dispersions 540:550 arg1 release 586:592 immediate release 576:592 immediate release 576:592 Therefore, the adhesion energies of three coating dispersions (sustained, enteric and immediate release) on different types of pellets were investigated. 29103349 4 48 dep dispersions 540:550 arg1 sustained 553:561 sustained 553:561 sustained 553:561 Therefore, the adhesion energies of three coating dispersions (sustained, enteric and immediate release) on different types of pellets were investigated. 29103349 5 49 theme kinds 693:697 arg1 energies 673:680 the surface energies 661:680 the surface energies of various kinds of corn starch (normal, waxy, high-amylose) and sucrose pellets 661:761 In this context, the surface energies of various kinds of corn starch (normal, waxy, high-amylose) and sucrose pellets were analyzed using the sessile drop method, whereas the surface tensions of the coating dispersions were examined using the pendant drop method. 29103349 5 50 theme pellets 755:761 arg1 energies 673:680 the surface energies 661:680 the surface energies of various kinds of corn starch (normal, waxy, high-amylose) and sucrose pellets 661:761 In this context, the surface energies of various kinds of corn starch (normal, waxy, high-amylose) and sucrose pellets were analyzed using the sessile drop method, whereas the surface tensions of the coating dispersions were examined using the pendant drop method. 29103349 7 51 theme distribution 1052:1063 arg1 terms 1029:1033 terms 1029:1033 terms of particle size distribution, porosity and specific surface area 1029:1099 Furthermore, sugar spheres were characterized in terms of particle size distribution, porosity and specific surface area. 29103349 0 52 theme extruded 46:53 arg1 pellets 68:74 hot-melt extruded sugar-starch pellets 37:74 hot-melt extruded sugar-starch pellets 37:74 Determination of surface energies of hot-melt extruded sugar-starch pellets. 29103349 6 53 theme adhesion 913:920 arg1 forces 922:927 The adhesion forces 909:927 The adhesion forces 909:927 The adhesion forces were calculated from the results of these studies. 29103349 7 54 theme area 1096:1099 arg1 terms 1029:1033 terms 1029:1033 terms of particle size distribution, porosity and specific surface area 1029:1099 Furthermore, sugar spheres were characterized in terms of particle size distribution, porosity and specific surface area. 29103349 7 55 theme sugar 993:997 arg1 spheres 999:1005 sugar spheres 993:1005 sugar spheres 993:1005 Furthermore, sugar spheres were characterized in terms of particle size distribution, porosity and specific surface area. 29103349 5 56 theme corn 702:705 arg1 starch 707:712 corn starch 702:712 corn starch 702:712 In this context, the surface energies of various kinds of corn starch (normal, waxy, high-amylose) and sucrose pellets were analyzed using the sessile drop method, whereas the surface tensions of the coating dispersions were examined using the pendant drop method. 29103349 1 57 theme commercial 139:148 arg1 spheres 156:162 commercial sugar spheres 139:162 commercial sugar spheres 139:162 Hot-melt extruded sugar-starch pellets are an alternative for commercial sugar spheres, but their coating properties remain to be studied. 29103349 5 58 theme starch 707:712 arg1 pellets 755:761 sucrose pellets 747:761 sucrose pellets 747:761 In this context, the surface energies of various kinds of corn starch (normal, waxy, high-amylose) and sucrose pellets were analyzed using the sessile drop method, whereas the surface tensions of the coating dispersions were examined using the pendant drop method. 29103349 5 58 theme starch 707:712 arg1 kinds 693:697 various kinds 685:697 various kinds of corn starch (normal, waxy, high-amylose) 685:741 In this context, the surface energies of various kinds of corn starch (normal, waxy, high-amylose) and sucrose pellets were analyzed using the sessile drop method, whereas the surface tensions of the coating dispersions were examined using the pendant drop method. 29103349 2 59 theme United 259:264 arg1 States 266:271 the United States 255:271 the United States 255:271 Both the European Pharmcopoeia 8.6 and the United States Pharmacopoeia 40 specify the composition of sugar-starch pellets without giving requirements for the manufacturing process. 29103349 8 60 theme enhanced 1208:1215 arg1 behavior 1225:1232 an enhanced wetting behavior 1205:1232 an enhanced wetting behavior with coating dispersions 1205:1257 An increase of the pellets' sucrose content leads to a more porous surface structure, which gives them an enhanced wetting behavior with coating dispersions. 29103349 1 61 theme sugar 150:154 arg1 spheres 156:162 commercial sugar spheres 139:162 commercial sugar spheres 139:162 Hot-melt extruded sugar-starch pellets are an alternative for commercial sugar spheres, but their coating properties remain to be studied. 29103349 5 62 theme sucrose 747:753 arg1 pellets 755:761 sucrose pellets 747:761 sucrose pellets 747:761 In this context, the surface energies of various kinds of corn starch (normal, waxy, high-amylose) and sucrose pellets were analyzed using the sessile drop method, whereas the surface tensions of the coating dispersions were examined using the pendant drop method. 29103349 8 63 theme coating 1239:1245 arg1 dispersions 1247:1257 coating dispersions 1239:1257 coating dispersions 1239:1257 An increase of the pellets' sucrose content leads to a more porous surface structure, which gives them an enhanced wetting behavior with coating dispersions. 29103349 0 64 theme pellets 68:74 arg1 energies 25:32 surface energies 17:32 surface energies of hot-melt extruded sugar-starch pellets 17:74 Determination of surface energies of hot-melt extruded sugar-starch pellets. 29103349 4 65 theme coating 532:538 arg1 dispersions 540:550 three coating dispersions 526:550 three coating dispersions (sustained, enteric and immediate release) 526:593 Therefore, the adhesion energies of three coating dispersions (sustained, enteric and immediate release) on different types of pellets were investigated. 29103349 8 66 theme surface 1169:1175 arg1 structure 1177:1185 a more porous surface structure 1155:1185 a more porous surface structure 1155:1185 An increase of the pellets' sucrose content leads to a more porous surface structure, which gives them an enhanced wetting behavior with coating dispersions. 29103349 8 67 theme porous 1162:1167 arg1 structure 1177:1185 a more porous surface structure 1155:1185 a more porous surface structure 1155:1185 An increase of the pellets' sucrose content leads to a more porous surface structure, which gives them an enhanced wetting behavior with coating dispersions. 29103349 9 68 theme pharmacopeial 1383:1395 arg1 requirements 1397:1408 pharmacopeial requirements 1383:1408 pharmacopeial requirements 1383:1408 The adhesion energies of extruded sugar-starch pellets are similar to those of commercial sugar spheres, which comply with pharmacopeial requirements. 29103349 8 69 theme content 1138:1144 arg1 increase 1105:1112 An increase 1102:1112 An increase of the pellets' sucrose content 1102:1144 An increase of the pellets' sucrose content leads to a more porous surface structure, which gives them an enhanced wetting behavior with coating dispersions. 27842840 0 0 theme chlorine 75:82 arg1 method 89:94 total chlorine free method 69:94 total chlorine free method 69:94 Properties of cellulose nanocrystals from oil palm trunk isolated by total chlorine free method. 27842840 8 1 theme trunk 1175:1179 arg1 CNC 1181:1183 oil palm trunk CNC 1166:1183 oil palm trunk CNC 1166:1183 Thus, oil palm trunk CNC can be potentially applied in pharmaceutical, food, medical and nanocomposites. 27842840 3 2 dep physical 358:365 arg1 chemical 368:375 chemical 368:375 chemical 368:375 Cellulose and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) physical, chemical, thermal properties, and crystallinity index were investigated by composition analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction. 27842840 3 2 dep physical 358:365 arg1 thermal 378:384 thermal 378:384 thermal 378:384 Cellulose and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) physical, chemical, thermal properties, and crystallinity index were investigated by composition analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction. 27842840 3 2 dep physical 358:365 arg1 Cellulose 316:324 Cellulose 316:324 Cellulose 316:324 Cellulose and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) physical, chemical, thermal properties, and crystallinity index were investigated by composition analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction. 27842840 3 2 dep physical 358:365 arg1 nanocrystal 340:350 cellulose nanocrystal 330:350 cellulose nanocrystal 330:350 Cellulose and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) physical, chemical, thermal properties, and crystallinity index were investigated by composition analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction. 27842840 3 3 theme crystallinity 402:414 arg1 index 416:420 crystallinity index 402:420 crystallinity index 402:420 Cellulose and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) physical, chemical, thermal properties, and crystallinity index were investigated by composition analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction. 27842840 3 4 theme transmission 495:506 arg1 microscopy 517:526 transmission electron microscopy 495:526 transmission electron microscopy 495:526 Cellulose and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) physical, chemical, thermal properties, and crystallinity index were investigated by composition analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction. 27842840 0 5 theme total 69:73 arg1 method 89:94 total chlorine free method 69:94 total chlorine free method 69:94 Properties of cellulose nanocrystals from oil palm trunk isolated by total chlorine free method. 27842840 3 6 theme electron 508:515 arg1 microscopy 517:526 transmission electron microscopy 495:526 transmission electron microscopy 495:526 Cellulose and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) physical, chemical, thermal properties, and crystallinity index were investigated by composition analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction. 27842840 0 7 from Properties 0:9 arg1 trunk 51:55 oil palm trunk 42:55 oil palm trunk 42:55 Properties of cellulose nanocrystals from oil palm trunk isolated by total chlorine free method. 27842840 7 8 theme acid 1143:1146 arg1 hydrolysis 1148:1157 acid hydrolysis 1143:1157 acid hydrolysis 1143:1157 Cellulose degradation was found to occur during ozone bleaching stage but CNC showed an increase in crystallinity after acid hydrolysis. 27842840 0 9 theme free 84:87 arg1 method 89:94 total chlorine free method 69:94 total chlorine free method 69:94 Properties of cellulose nanocrystals from oil palm trunk isolated by total chlorine free method. 27842840 0 10 from trunk 51:55 arg1 Properties 0:9 Properties 0:9 Properties of cellulose nanocrystals from oil palm trunk 0:55 Properties of cellulose nanocrystals from oil palm trunk isolated by total chlorine free method. 27842840 0 10 from trunk 51:55 arg1 nanocrystals 24:35 cellulose nanocrystals 14:35 cellulose nanocrystals from oil palm trunk 14:55 Properties of cellulose nanocrystals from oil palm trunk isolated by total chlorine free method. 27842840 4 11 theme cellulose 705:713 arg1 lignin 636:641 lignin 636:641 lignin (<0.5%) 636:649 Water pre-hydrolysis reduced lignin (<0.5%) and increased holocellulose (99.6%) of ozone-bleached cellulose. 27842840 4 11 theme cellulose 705:713 arg1 % 648:648 <0.5% 644:648 <0.5% 644:648 Water pre-hydrolysis reduced lignin (<0.5%) and increased holocellulose (99.6%) of ozone-bleached cellulose. 27842840 4 11 theme cellulose 705:713 arg1 holocellulose 665:677 increased holocellulose 655:677 increased holocellulose (99.6%) 655:685 Water pre-hydrolysis reduced lignin (<0.5%) and increased holocellulose (99.6%) of ozone-bleached cellulose. 27842840 4 11 theme cellulose 705:713 arg1 % 684:684 99.6% 680:684 99.6% 680:684 Water pre-hydrolysis reduced lignin (<0.5%) and increased holocellulose (99.6%) of ozone-bleached cellulose. 27842840 4 12 theme Water 607:611 arg1 pre-hydrolysis 613:626 Water pre-hydrolysis 607:626 Water pre-hydrolysis 607:626 Water pre-hydrolysis reduced lignin (<0.5%) and increased holocellulose (99.6%) of ozone-bleached cellulose. 27842840 4 13 theme ozone-bleached 690:703 arg1 cellulose 705:713 ozone-bleached cellulose 690:713 ozone-bleached cellulose 690:713 Water pre-hydrolysis reduced lignin (<0.5%) and increased holocellulose (99.6%) of ozone-bleached cellulose. 27842840 1 14 theme free 172:175 arg1 method 177:182 total chlorine free method 157:182 total chlorine free method 157:182 Cellulose nanocrystals were isolated from oil palm trunk by total chlorine free method. 27842840 1 15 theme total 157:161 arg1 method 177:182 total chlorine free method 157:182 total chlorine free method 157:182 Cellulose nanocrystals were isolated from oil palm trunk by total chlorine free method. 27842840 0 16 theme palm 46:49 arg1 trunk 51:55 oil palm trunk 42:55 oil palm trunk 42:55 Properties of cellulose nanocrystals from oil palm trunk isolated by total chlorine free method. 27842840 5 17 theme hydrolysis 805:814 arg1 process 816:822 acid hydrolysis process 800:822 acid hydrolysis process 800:822 Water pre-hydrolyzed cellulose exhibited surface fibrillation and peeling off after acid hydrolysis process compared to non-fibrillated of non-water pre-hydrolyzed cellulose. 27842840 1 18 theme chlorine 163:170 arg1 method 177:182 total chlorine free method 157:182 total chlorine free method 157:182 Cellulose nanocrystals were isolated from oil palm trunk by total chlorine free method. 27842840 5 19 theme acid 800:803 arg1 hydrolysis 805:814 acid hydrolysis 800:814 acid hydrolysis process 800:822 Water pre-hydrolyzed cellulose exhibited surface fibrillation and peeling off after acid hydrolysis process compared to non-fibrillated of non-water pre-hydrolyzed cellulose. 27842840 2 20 dep subjected 259:267 arg1 pre-hydrolyzed 215:228 pre-hydrolyzed 215:228 pre-hydrolyzed 215:228 The samples were either water pre-hydrolyzed or non-water pre-hydrolyzed, subjected to soda pulping, acidified and ozone bleached. 27842840 2 20 dep subjected 259:267 arg1 pre-hydrolyzed 243:256 pre-hydrolyzed 243:256 pre-hydrolyzed 243:256 The samples were either water pre-hydrolyzed or non-water pre-hydrolyzed, subjected to soda pulping, acidified and ozone bleached. 27842840 7 21 from increase 1111:1118 arg1 crystallinity 1123:1135 crystallinity 1123:1135 crystallinity 1123:1135 Cellulose degradation was found to occur during ozone bleaching stage but CNC showed an increase in crystallinity after acid hydrolysis. 27842840 3 22 theme X-ray 588:592 arg1 diffraction 594:604 X-ray diffraction 588:604 X-ray diffraction 588:604 Cellulose and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) physical, chemical, thermal properties, and crystallinity index were investigated by composition analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction. 27842840 0 23 theme nanocrystals 24:35 arg1 Properties 0:9 Properties 0:9 Properties of cellulose nanocrystals from oil palm trunk 0:55 Properties of cellulose nanocrystals from oil palm trunk isolated by total chlorine free method. 27842840 3 24 theme thermogravimetric 557:573 arg1 analysis 575:582 thermogravimetric analysis 557:582 thermogravimetric analysis 557:582 Cellulose and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) physical, chemical, thermal properties, and crystallinity index were investigated by composition analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction. 27842840 5 25 theme cellulose 880:888 arg1 non-fibrillated 836:850 non-fibrillated 836:850 non-fibrillated 836:850 Water pre-hydrolyzed cellulose exhibited surface fibrillation and peeling off after acid hydrolysis process compared to non-fibrillated of non-water pre-hydrolyzed cellulose. 27842840 0 26 theme cellulose 14:22 arg1 nanocrystals 24:35 cellulose nanocrystals 14:35 cellulose nanocrystals from oil palm trunk 14:55 Properties of cellulose nanocrystals from oil palm trunk isolated by total chlorine free method. 27842840 5 27 theme Water 716:720 arg1 cellulose 737:745 Water pre-hydrolyzed cellulose 716:745 Water pre-hydrolyzed cellulose 716:745 Water pre-hydrolyzed cellulose exhibited surface fibrillation and peeling off after acid hydrolysis process compared to non-fibrillated of non-water pre-hydrolyzed cellulose. 27842840 1 28 theme Cellulose 97:105 arg1 nanocrystals 107:118 Cellulose nanocrystals 97:118 Cellulose nanocrystals 97:118 Cellulose nanocrystals were isolated from oil palm trunk by total chlorine free method. 27842840 8 29 theme palm 1170:1173 arg1 CNC 1181:1183 oil palm trunk CNC 1166:1183 oil palm trunk CNC 1166:1183 Thus, oil palm trunk CNC can be potentially applied in pharmaceutical, food, medical and nanocomposites. 27842840 5 30 theme non-water 855:863 arg1 cellulose 880:888 non-water pre-hydrolyzed cellulose 855:888 non-water pre-hydrolyzed cellulose 855:888 Water pre-hydrolyzed cellulose exhibited surface fibrillation and peeling off after acid hydrolysis process compared to non-fibrillated of non-water pre-hydrolyzed cellulose. 27842840 0 31 theme oil 42:44 arg1 trunk 51:55 oil palm trunk 42:55 oil palm trunk 42:55 Properties of cellulose nanocrystals from oil palm trunk isolated by total chlorine free method. 27842840 5 32 theme pre-hydrolyzed 722:735 arg1 cellulose 737:745 Water pre-hydrolyzed cellulose 716:745 Water pre-hydrolyzed cellulose 716:745 Water pre-hydrolyzed cellulose exhibited surface fibrillation and peeling off after acid hydrolysis process compared to non-fibrillated of non-water pre-hydrolyzed cellulose. 27842840 6 33 theme CNC 927:929 arg1 % 954:954 up to 75% 946:954 up to 75% 946:954 Water pre-hydrolysis improved final CNC crystallinity (up to 75%) compared to CNC without water pre-hydrolysis crystallinity (69%). 27842840 6 33 theme CNC 927:929 arg1 crystallinity 931:943 final CNC crystallinity 921:943 final CNC crystallinity (up to 75%) 921:955 Water pre-hydrolysis improved final CNC crystallinity (up to 75%) compared to CNC without water pre-hydrolysis crystallinity (69%). 27842840 4 34 theme increased 655:663 arg1 holocellulose 665:677 increased holocellulose 655:677 increased holocellulose (99.6%) 655:685 Water pre-hydrolysis reduced lignin (<0.5%) and increased holocellulose (99.6%) of ozone-bleached cellulose. 27842840 4 34 theme increased 655:663 arg1 % 684:684 99.6% 680:684 99.6% 680:684 Water pre-hydrolysis reduced lignin (<0.5%) and increased holocellulose (99.6%) of ozone-bleached cellulose. 27842840 6 35 theme pre-hydrolysis 987:1000 arg1 crystallinity 1002:1014 water pre-hydrolysis crystallinity 981:1014 water pre-hydrolysis crystallinity (69%) 981:1020 Water pre-hydrolysis improved final CNC crystallinity (up to 75%) compared to CNC without water pre-hydrolysis crystallinity (69%). 27842840 6 35 theme pre-hydrolysis 987:1000 arg1 % 1019:1019 69% 1017:1019 69% 1017:1019 Water pre-hydrolysis improved final CNC crystallinity (up to 75%) compared to CNC without water pre-hydrolysis crystallinity (69%). 27842840 6 36 theme final 921:925 arg1 % 954:954 up to 75% 946:954 up to 75% 946:954 Water pre-hydrolysis improved final CNC crystallinity (up to 75%) compared to CNC without water pre-hydrolysis crystallinity (69%). 27842840 6 36 theme final 921:925 arg1 crystallinity 931:943 final CNC crystallinity 921:943 final CNC crystallinity (up to 75%) 921:955 Water pre-hydrolysis improved final CNC crystallinity (up to 75%) compared to CNC without water pre-hydrolysis crystallinity (69%). 27842840 3 37 theme physical 358:365 arg1 properties 386:395 Cellulose and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) physical, chemical, thermal properties 316:395 Cellulose and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) physical, chemical, thermal properties 316:395 Cellulose and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) physical, chemical, thermal properties, and crystallinity index were investigated by composition analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction. 27842840 3 38 theme composition 443:453 arg1 analysis 455:462 composition analysis 443:462 composition analysis 443:462 Cellulose and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) physical, chemical, thermal properties, and crystallinity index were investigated by composition analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction. 27842840 6 39 theme water 981:985 arg1 crystallinity 1002:1014 water pre-hydrolysis crystallinity 981:1014 water pre-hydrolysis crystallinity (69%) 981:1020 Water pre-hydrolysis improved final CNC crystallinity (up to 75%) compared to CNC without water pre-hydrolysis crystallinity (69%). 27842840 6 39 theme water 981:985 arg1 % 1019:1019 69% 1017:1019 69% 1017:1019 Water pre-hydrolysis improved final CNC crystallinity (up to 75%) compared to CNC without water pre-hydrolysis crystallinity (69%). 27842840 7 40 theme bleaching 1077:1085 arg1 stage 1087:1091 ozone bleaching stage 1071:1091 ozone bleaching stage 1071:1091 Cellulose degradation was found to occur during ozone bleaching stage but CNC showed an increase in crystallinity after acid hydrolysis. 27842840 3 41 dep fourier 529:535 arg1 transform 537:545 transform 537:545 transform infrared 537:554 Cellulose and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) physical, chemical, thermal properties, and crystallinity index were investigated by composition analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction. 27842840 1 42 attach isolated 125:132 arg2 nanocrystals 107:118 Cellulose nanocrystals 97:118 Cellulose nanocrystals 97:118 Cellulose nanocrystals were isolated from oil palm trunk by total chlorine free method. 27842840 1 42 attach isolated 125:132 arg1 trunk 148:152 oil palm trunk 139:152 oil palm trunk 139:152 Cellulose nanocrystals were isolated from oil palm trunk by total chlorine free method. 27842840 3 43 dep transform 537:545 arg1 infrared 547:554 infrared 547:554 transform infrared 537:554 Cellulose and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) physical, chemical, thermal properties, and crystallinity index were investigated by composition analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction. 27842840 5 44 dep exhibited 747:755 arg1 compared 824:831 compared 824:831 compared to non-fibrillated of non-water pre-hydrolyzed cellulose 824:888 Water pre-hydrolyzed cellulose exhibited surface fibrillation and peeling off after acid hydrolysis process compared to non-fibrillated of non-water pre-hydrolyzed cellulose. 27842840 6 45 theme Water 891:895 arg1 pre-hydrolysis 897:910 Water pre-hydrolysis 891:910 Water pre-hydrolysis 891:910 Water pre-hydrolysis improved final CNC crystallinity (up to 75%) compared to CNC without water pre-hydrolysis crystallinity (69%). 27842840 3 46 theme scanning 465:472 arg1 microscopy 483:492 scanning electron microscopy 465:492 scanning electron microscopy 465:492 Cellulose and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) physical, chemical, thermal properties, and crystallinity index were investigated by composition analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction. 27842840 7 47 theme ozone 1071:1075 arg1 stage 1087:1091 ozone bleaching stage 1071:1091 ozone bleaching stage 1071:1091 Cellulose degradation was found to occur during ozone bleaching stage but CNC showed an increase in crystallinity after acid hydrolysis. 27842840 7 48 theme Cellulose 1023:1031 arg1 degradation 1033:1043 Cellulose degradation 1023:1043 Cellulose degradation 1023:1043 Cellulose degradation was found to occur during ozone bleaching stage but CNC showed an increase in crystallinity after acid hydrolysis. 27842840 3 49 theme electron 474:481 arg1 microscopy 483:492 scanning electron microscopy 465:492 scanning electron microscopy 465:492 Cellulose and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) physical, chemical, thermal properties, and crystallinity index were investigated by composition analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction. 27842840 8 50 theme oil 1166:1168 arg1 CNC 1181:1183 oil palm trunk CNC 1166:1183 oil palm trunk CNC 1166:1183 Thus, oil palm trunk CNC can be potentially applied in pharmaceutical, food, medical and nanocomposites. 27842840 1 51 theme oil 139:141 arg1 trunk 148:152 oil palm trunk 139:152 oil palm trunk 139:152 Cellulose nanocrystals were isolated from oil palm trunk by total chlorine free method. 27842840 6 52 dep 75 952:953 arg1 to 949:950 to 949:950 to 949:950 Water pre-hydrolysis improved final CNC crystallinity (up to 75%) compared to CNC without water pre-hydrolysis crystallinity (69%). 27842840 3 53 theme cellulose 330:338 arg1 nanocrystal 340:350 cellulose nanocrystal 330:350 cellulose nanocrystal 330:350 Cellulose and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) physical, chemical, thermal properties, and crystallinity index were investigated by composition analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction. 27842840 5 54 theme pre-hydrolyzed 865:878 arg1 cellulose 880:888 non-water pre-hydrolyzed cellulose 855:888 non-water pre-hydrolyzed cellulose 855:888 Water pre-hydrolyzed cellulose exhibited surface fibrillation and peeling off after acid hydrolysis process compared to non-fibrillated of non-water pre-hydrolyzed cellulose. 27842840 1 55 theme palm 143:146 arg1 trunk 148:152 oil palm trunk 139:152 oil palm trunk 139:152 Cellulose nanocrystals were isolated from oil palm trunk by total chlorine free method. 27842840 5 56 theme surface 757:763 arg1 fibrillation 765:776 surface fibrillation 757:776 surface fibrillation 757:776 Water pre-hydrolyzed cellulose exhibited surface fibrillation and peeling off after acid hydrolysis process compared to non-fibrillated of non-water pre-hydrolyzed cellulose. 24203356 4 0 theme sugar 1076:1080 arg1 GDP-mannose 1098:1108 GDP-mannose 1098:1108 GDP-mannose 1098:1108 This module included the five genes of the core galactomannan synthetic machinery, namely genes coding for the enzymes needed to assemble the mannan backbone (mannan synthase, ManS), and genes that introduce the galactosyl side chains (galactosyltransferase, GMGT), modulate the post-depositional degree of galactose substitution (α-galactosidase), and produce the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively). 24203356 4 0 theme sugar 1076:1080 arg1 blocks 1091:1096 the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively) 1061:1200 the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively) 1061:1200 This module included the five genes of the core galactomannan synthetic machinery, namely genes coding for the enzymes needed to assemble the mannan backbone (mannan synthase, ManS), and genes that introduce the galactosyl side chains (galactosyltransferase, GMGT), modulate the post-depositional degree of galactose substitution (α-galactosidase), and produce the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively). 24203356 4 0 theme sugar 1076:1080 arg1 UDP-galactose 1114:1126 UDP-galactose 1114:1126 UDP-galactose 1114:1126 This module included the five genes of the core galactomannan synthetic machinery, namely genes coding for the enzymes needed to assemble the mannan backbone (mannan synthase, ManS), and genes that introduce the galactosyl side chains (galactosyltransferase, GMGT), modulate the post-depositional degree of galactose substitution (α-galactosidase), and produce the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively). 24203356 4 1 theme UDP-glucose 1162:1172 arg1 4'-epimerase 1174:1185 UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase 1162:1185 UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase 1162:1185 This module included the five genes of the core galactomannan synthetic machinery, namely genes coding for the enzymes needed to assemble the mannan backbone (mannan synthase, ManS), and genes that introduce the galactosyl side chains (galactosyltransferase, GMGT), modulate the post-depositional degree of galactose substitution (α-galactosidase), and produce the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively). 24203356 6 2 theme galactomannan 1596:1608 arg1 synthesis 1610:1618 galactomannan synthesis 1596:1618 galactomannan synthesis 1596:1618 This analysis also suggests a role for sorbitol and raffinose family oligosaccharides as transient auxiliary sources of building blocks for galactomannan synthesis. 24203356 2 3 theme correlation 287:297 arg1 analysis 299:306 extensive pairwise correlation analysis 268:306 extensive pairwise correlation analysis 268:306 The variability induced by the growing environment and extensive pairwise correlation analysis with stringent significance thresholds was used to investigate transcript-transcript and transcript-metabolite relationships among 26 sugar-related genes, and the amount of CWSPs and seven soluble low molecular weight carbohydrates in the developing coffee endosperm. 24203356 6 4 theme blocks 1585:1590 arg1 sources 1565:1571 transient auxiliary sources 1545:1571 transient auxiliary sources of building blocks for galactomannan synthesis 1545:1618 This analysis also suggests a role for sorbitol and raffinose family oligosaccharides as transient auxiliary sources of building blocks for galactomannan synthesis. 24203356 1 5 theme family 170:175 arg1 family 170:175 the mannan family 159:175 the mannan family 159:175 The seed of Coffea arabica accumulates large amounts of cell wall storage polysaccharides (CWSPs) of the mannan family in the cell walls of the endosperm. 24203356 1 5 theme family 170:175 arg1 CWSPs 149:153 CWSPs 149:153 CWSPs 149:153 The seed of Coffea arabica accumulates large amounts of cell wall storage polysaccharides (CWSPs) of the mannan family in the cell walls of the endosperm. 24203356 1 5 theme family 170:175 arg1 polysaccharides 132:146 cell wall storage polysaccharides 114:146 cell wall storage polysaccharides (CWSPs) 114:154 The seed of Coffea arabica accumulates large amounts of cell wall storage polysaccharides (CWSPs) of the mannan family in the cell walls of the endosperm. 24203356 1 5 theme family 170:175 arg1 amounts 103:109 large amounts 97:109 large amounts of cell wall storage polysaccharides (CWSPs) of the mannan family 97:175 The seed of Coffea arabica accumulates large amounts of cell wall storage polysaccharides (CWSPs) of the mannan family in the cell walls of the endosperm. 24203356 2 6 theme extensive 268:276 arg1 analysis 299:306 extensive pairwise correlation analysis 268:306 extensive pairwise correlation analysis 268:306 The variability induced by the growing environment and extensive pairwise correlation analysis with stringent significance thresholds was used to investigate transcript-transcript and transcript-metabolite relationships among 26 sugar-related genes, and the amount of CWSPs and seven soluble low molecular weight carbohydrates in the developing coffee endosperm. 24203356 8 7 theme gene 1836:1839 arg1 composition 1841:1851 the gene composition 1832:1851 the gene composition of this cluster 1832:1867 Analysis of the gene composition of this cluster revealed remarkable functional coherence and identified transcription factors that putatively control galactomannan biosynthesis in coffee. 24203356 4 8 theme core 743:746 arg1 machinery 772:780 the core galactomannan synthetic machinery 739:780 the core galactomannan synthetic machinery 739:780 This module included the five genes of the core galactomannan synthetic machinery, namely genes coding for the enzymes needed to assemble the mannan backbone (mannan synthase, ManS), and genes that introduce the galactosyl side chains (galactosyltransferase, GMGT), modulate the post-depositional degree of galactose substitution (α-galactosidase), and produce the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively). 24203356 3 9 theme co-expressed 614:625 arg1 genes 627:631 nine quantitatively co-expressed genes 594:631 nine quantitatively co-expressed genes 594:631 A dense module of nine quantitatively co-expressed genes was detected at the mid-developmental stage when CWSPs accumulate. 24203356 1 10 theme cell 114:117 arg1 CWSPs 149:153 CWSPs 149:153 CWSPs 149:153 The seed of Coffea arabica accumulates large amounts of cell wall storage polysaccharides (CWSPs) of the mannan family in the cell walls of the endosperm. 24203356 1 10 theme cell 114:117 arg1 polysaccharides 132:146 cell wall storage polysaccharides 114:146 cell wall storage polysaccharides (CWSPs) 114:154 The seed of Coffea arabica accumulates large amounts of cell wall storage polysaccharides (CWSPs) of the mannan family in the cell walls of the endosperm. 24203356 7 11 theme transcriptome 1681:1693 arg1 analysis 1649:1656 a microarray-based analysis 1630:1656 a microarray-based analysis of the developing seed transcriptome 1630:1693 Finally, a microarray-based analysis of the developing seed transcriptome revealed that all genes of the core galactomannan synthesis machinery grouped in a single cluster of 209 co-expressed genes. 24203356 4 12 theme side 923:926 arg1 galactosyltransferase 936:956 galactosyltransferase 936:956 galactosyltransferase 936:956 This module included the five genes of the core galactomannan synthetic machinery, namely genes coding for the enzymes needed to assemble the mannan backbone (mannan synthase, ManS), and genes that introduce the galactosyl side chains (galactosyltransferase, GMGT), modulate the post-depositional degree of galactose substitution (α-galactosidase), and produce the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively). 24203356 4 12 theme side 923:926 arg1 chains 928:933 the galactosyl side chains 908:933 the galactosyl side chains (galactosyltransferase, GMGT) 908:963 This module included the five genes of the core galactomannan synthetic machinery, namely genes coding for the enzymes needed to assemble the mannan backbone (mannan synthase, ManS), and genes that introduce the galactosyl side chains (galactosyltransferase, GMGT), modulate the post-depositional degree of galactose substitution (α-galactosidase), and produce the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively). 24203356 4 13 theme synthetic 762:770 arg1 machinery 772:780 the core galactomannan synthetic machinery 739:780 the core galactomannan synthetic machinery 739:780 This module included the five genes of the core galactomannan synthetic machinery, namely genes coding for the enzymes needed to assemble the mannan backbone (mannan synthase, ManS), and genes that introduce the galactosyl side chains (galactosyltransferase, GMGT), modulate the post-depositional degree of galactose substitution (α-galactosidase), and produce the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively). 24203356 3 14 theme mid-developmental 653:669 arg1 stage 671:675 the mid-developmental stage 649:675 the mid-developmental stage 649:675 A dense module of nine quantitatively co-expressed genes was detected at the mid-developmental stage when CWSPs accumulate. 24203356 8 15 theme cluster 1861:1867 arg1 composition 1841:1851 the gene composition 1832:1851 the gene composition of this cluster 1832:1867 Analysis of the gene composition of this cluster revealed remarkable functional coherence and identified transcription factors that putatively control galactomannan biosynthesis in coffee. 24203356 1 16 theme storage 124:130 arg1 CWSPs 149:153 CWSPs 149:153 CWSPs 149:153 The seed of Coffea arabica accumulates large amounts of cell wall storage polysaccharides (CWSPs) of the mannan family in the cell walls of the endosperm. 24203356 1 16 theme storage 124:130 arg1 polysaccharides 132:146 cell wall storage polysaccharides 114:146 cell wall storage polysaccharides (CWSPs) 114:154 The seed of Coffea arabica accumulates large amounts of cell wall storage polysaccharides (CWSPs) of the mannan family in the cell walls of the endosperm. 24203356 7 17 theme genes 1813:1817 arg1 cluster 1785:1791 a single cluster 1776:1791 a single cluster of 209 co-expressed genes 1776:1817 Finally, a microarray-based analysis of the developing seed transcriptome revealed that all genes of the core galactomannan synthesis machinery grouped in a single cluster of 209 co-expressed genes. 24203356 7 18 theme developing 1665:1674 arg1 transcriptome 1681:1693 the developing seed transcriptome 1661:1693 the developing seed transcriptome 1661:1693 Finally, a microarray-based analysis of the developing seed transcriptome revealed that all genes of the core galactomannan synthesis machinery grouped in a single cluster of 209 co-expressed genes. 24203356 4 19 theme post-depositional 979:995 arg1 degree 997:1002 the post-depositional degree 975:1002 the post-depositional degree of galactose substitution (α-galactosidase) 975:1046 This module included the five genes of the core galactomannan synthetic machinery, namely genes coding for the enzymes needed to assemble the mannan backbone (mannan synthase, ManS), and genes that introduce the galactosyl side chains (galactosyltransferase, GMGT), modulate the post-depositional degree of galactose substitution (α-galactosidase), and produce the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively). 24203356 5 20 theme transcriptional 1332:1346 arg1 level 1348:1352 the transcriptional level 1328:1352 the transcriptional level 1328:1352 The amount of CWSPs stored in the endosperm at the onset of their accumulation was primarily and quantitatively modulated at the transcriptional level (i.e. positively correlated with the expression level of these key galactomannan biosynthetic genes). 24203356 8 21 theme remarkable 1878:1887 arg1 coherence 1900:1908 remarkable functional coherence 1878:1908 remarkable functional coherence 1878:1908 Analysis of the gene composition of this cluster revealed remarkable functional coherence and identified transcription factors that putatively control galactomannan biosynthesis in coffee. 24203356 2 22 with environment 252:262 arg1 thresholds 336:345 stringent significance thresholds 313:345 stringent significance thresholds 313:345 The variability induced by the growing environment and extensive pairwise correlation analysis with stringent significance thresholds was used to investigate transcript-transcript and transcript-metabolite relationships among 26 sugar-related genes, and the amount of CWSPs and seven soluble low molecular weight carbohydrates in the developing coffee endosperm. 24203356 2 23 theme low 505:507 arg1 weight 519:524 low molecular weight 505:524 seven soluble low molecular weight carbohydrates 491:538 The variability induced by the growing environment and extensive pairwise correlation analysis with stringent significance thresholds was used to investigate transcript-transcript and transcript-metabolite relationships among 26 sugar-related genes, and the amount of CWSPs and seven soluble low molecular weight carbohydrates in the developing coffee endosperm. 24203356 7 24 theme microarray-based 1632:1647 arg1 analysis 1649:1656 a microarray-based analysis 1630:1656 a microarray-based analysis of the developing seed transcriptome 1630:1693 Finally, a microarray-based analysis of the developing seed transcriptome revealed that all genes of the core galactomannan synthesis machinery grouped in a single cluster of 209 co-expressed genes. 24203356 2 25 theme developing 547:556 arg1 endosperm 565:573 the developing coffee endosperm 543:573 the developing coffee endosperm 543:573 The variability induced by the growing environment and extensive pairwise correlation analysis with stringent significance thresholds was used to investigate transcript-transcript and transcript-metabolite relationships among 26 sugar-related genes, and the amount of CWSPs and seven soluble low molecular weight carbohydrates in the developing coffee endosperm. 24203356 0 26 from Regulation 0:9 arg1 seeds 51:55 coffee seeds 44:55 coffee seeds 44:55 Regulation of galactomannan biosynthesis in coffee seeds. 24203356 2 27 used used 351:354 arg2 variability 217:227 The variability 213:227 The variability induced by the growing environment and extensive pairwise correlation analysis with stringent significance thresholds 213:345 The variability induced by the growing environment and extensive pairwise correlation analysis with stringent significance thresholds was used to investigate transcript-transcript and transcript-metabolite relationships among 26 sugar-related genes, and the amount of CWSPs and seven soluble low molecular weight carbohydrates in the developing coffee endosperm. 24203356 4 28 dep galactosyltransferase 936:956 arg1 GMGT 959:962 GMGT 959:962 GMGT 959:962 This module included the five genes of the core galactomannan synthetic machinery, namely genes coding for the enzymes needed to assemble the mannan backbone (mannan synthase, ManS), and genes that introduce the galactosyl side chains (galactosyltransferase, GMGT), modulate the post-depositional degree of galactose substitution (α-galactosidase), and produce the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively). 24203356 1 29 theme Coffea 70:75 arg1 arabica 77:83 Coffea arabica 70:83 Coffea arabica 70:83 The seed of Coffea arabica accumulates large amounts of cell wall storage polysaccharides (CWSPs) of the mannan family in the cell walls of the endosperm. 24203356 2 30 theme weight 519:524 arg1 carbohydrates 526:538 seven soluble low molecular weight carbohydrates 491:538 seven soluble low molecular weight carbohydrates 491:538 The variability induced by the growing environment and extensive pairwise correlation analysis with stringent significance thresholds was used to investigate transcript-transcript and transcript-metabolite relationships among 26 sugar-related genes, and the amount of CWSPs and seven soluble low molecular weight carbohydrates in the developing coffee endosperm. 24203356 5 31 theme expression 1391:1400 arg1 level 1402:1406 the expression level 1387:1406 the expression level of these key galactomannan biosynthetic genes 1387:1452 The amount of CWSPs stored in the endosperm at the onset of their accumulation was primarily and quantitatively modulated at the transcriptional level (i.e. positively correlated with the expression level of these key galactomannan biosynthetic genes). 24203356 4 32 dep GDP-mannose 1098:1108 arg1 guanyltransferase 1140:1156 mannose-1P guanyltransferase 1129:1156 mannose-1P guanyltransferase 1129:1156 This module included the five genes of the core galactomannan synthetic machinery, namely genes coding for the enzymes needed to assemble the mannan backbone (mannan synthase, ManS), and genes that introduce the galactosyl side chains (galactosyltransferase, GMGT), modulate the post-depositional degree of galactose substitution (α-galactosidase), and produce the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively). 24203356 4 32 dep GDP-mannose 1098:1108 arg1 4'-epimerase 1174:1185 UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase 1162:1185 UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase 1162:1185 This module included the five genes of the core galactomannan synthetic machinery, namely genes coding for the enzymes needed to assemble the mannan backbone (mannan synthase, ManS), and genes that introduce the galactosyl side chains (galactosyltransferase, GMGT), modulate the post-depositional degree of galactose substitution (α-galactosidase), and produce the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively). 24203356 7 33 theme synthesis 1745:1753 arg1 machinery 1755:1763 the core galactomannan synthesis machinery 1722:1763 the core galactomannan synthesis machinery 1722:1763 Finally, a microarray-based analysis of the developing seed transcriptome revealed that all genes of the core galactomannan synthesis machinery grouped in a single cluster of 209 co-expressed genes. 24203356 8 34 from biosynthesis 1985:1996 arg1 coffee 2001:2006 coffee 2001:2006 coffee 2001:2006 Analysis of the gene composition of this cluster revealed remarkable functional coherence and identified transcription factors that putatively control galactomannan biosynthesis in coffee. 24203356 0 35 theme galactomannan 14:26 arg1 biosynthesis 28:39 galactomannan biosynthesis 14:39 galactomannan biosynthesis 14:39 Regulation of galactomannan biosynthesis in coffee seeds. 24203356 7 36 theme core 1726:1729 arg1 machinery 1755:1763 the core galactomannan synthesis machinery 1722:1763 the core galactomannan synthesis machinery 1722:1763 Finally, a microarray-based analysis of the developing seed transcriptome revealed that all genes of the core galactomannan synthesis machinery grouped in a single cluster of 209 co-expressed genes. 24203356 4 37 theme substitution 1017:1028 arg1 degree 997:1002 the post-depositional degree 975:1002 the post-depositional degree of galactose substitution (α-galactosidase) 975:1046 This module included the five genes of the core galactomannan synthetic machinery, namely genes coding for the enzymes needed to assemble the mannan backbone (mannan synthase, ManS), and genes that introduce the galactosyl side chains (galactosyltransferase, GMGT), modulate the post-depositional degree of galactose substitution (α-galactosidase), and produce the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively). 24203356 2 38 theme CWSPs 481:485 arg1 amount 471:476 the amount 467:476 the amount of CWSPs and seven soluble low molecular weight carbohydrates 467:538 The variability induced by the growing environment and extensive pairwise correlation analysis with stringent significance thresholds was used to investigate transcript-transcript and transcript-metabolite relationships among 26 sugar-related genes, and the amount of CWSPs and seven soluble low molecular weight carbohydrates in the developing coffee endosperm. 24203356 2 38 theme CWSPs 481:485 arg1 CWSPs 481:485 CWSPs 481:485 CWSPs 481:485 The variability induced by the growing environment and extensive pairwise correlation analysis with stringent significance thresholds was used to investigate transcript-transcript and transcript-metabolite relationships among 26 sugar-related genes, and the amount of CWSPs and seven soluble low molecular weight carbohydrates in the developing coffee endosperm. 24203356 2 38 theme CWSPs 481:485 arg1 relationships 419:431 transcript-transcript and transcript-metabolite relationships 371:431 transcript-transcript and transcript-metabolite relationships among 26 sugar-related genes 371:460 The variability induced by the growing environment and extensive pairwise correlation analysis with stringent significance thresholds was used to investigate transcript-transcript and transcript-metabolite relationships among 26 sugar-related genes, and the amount of CWSPs and seven soluble low molecular weight carbohydrates in the developing coffee endosperm. 24203356 2 38 theme CWSPs 481:485 arg1 carbohydrates 526:538 seven soluble low molecular weight carbohydrates 491:538 seven soluble low molecular weight carbohydrates 491:538 The variability induced by the growing environment and extensive pairwise correlation analysis with stringent significance thresholds was used to investigate transcript-transcript and transcript-metabolite relationships among 26 sugar-related genes, and the amount of CWSPs and seven soluble low molecular weight carbohydrates in the developing coffee endosperm. 24203356 4 39 theme mannan 859:864 arg1 ManS 876:879 ManS 876:879 ManS 876:879 This module included the five genes of the core galactomannan synthetic machinery, namely genes coding for the enzymes needed to assemble the mannan backbone (mannan synthase, ManS), and genes that introduce the galactosyl side chains (galactosyltransferase, GMGT), modulate the post-depositional degree of galactose substitution (α-galactosidase), and produce the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively). 24203356 4 39 theme mannan 859:864 arg1 synthase 866:873 mannan synthase 859:873 mannan synthase 859:873 This module included the five genes of the core galactomannan synthetic machinery, namely genes coding for the enzymes needed to assemble the mannan backbone (mannan synthase, ManS), and genes that introduce the galactosyl side chains (galactosyltransferase, GMGT), modulate the post-depositional degree of galactose substitution (α-galactosidase), and produce the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively). 24203356 5 40 theme biosynthetic 1435:1446 arg1 genes 1448:1452 these key galactomannan biosynthetic genes 1411:1452 these key galactomannan biosynthetic genes 1411:1452 The amount of CWSPs stored in the endosperm at the onset of their accumulation was primarily and quantitatively modulated at the transcriptional level (i.e. positively correlated with the expression level of these key galactomannan biosynthetic genes). 24203356 5 41 dep correlated 1371:1380 arg1 i.e. 1355:1358 i.e. 1355:1358 i.e. 1355:1358 The amount of CWSPs stored in the endosperm at the onset of their accumulation was primarily and quantitatively modulated at the transcriptional level (i.e. positively correlated with the expression level of these key galactomannan biosynthetic genes). 24203356 2 42 theme stringent 313:321 arg1 thresholds 336:345 stringent significance thresholds 313:345 stringent significance thresholds 313:345 The variability induced by the growing environment and extensive pairwise correlation analysis with stringent significance thresholds was used to investigate transcript-transcript and transcript-metabolite relationships among 26 sugar-related genes, and the amount of CWSPs and seven soluble low molecular weight carbohydrates in the developing coffee endosperm. 24203356 6 43 theme transient 1545:1553 arg1 sources 1565:1571 transient auxiliary sources 1545:1571 transient auxiliary sources of building blocks for galactomannan synthesis 1545:1618 This analysis also suggests a role for sorbitol and raffinose family oligosaccharides as transient auxiliary sources of building blocks for galactomannan synthesis. 24203356 3 44 located detected 637:644 arg1 stage 671:675 the mid-developmental stage 649:675 the mid-developmental stage 649:675 A dense module of nine quantitatively co-expressed genes was detected at the mid-developmental stage when CWSPs accumulate. 24203356 3 44 located detected 637:644 arg2 module 584:589 A dense module 576:589 A dense module of nine quantitatively co-expressed genes 576:631 A dense module of nine quantitatively co-expressed genes was detected at the mid-developmental stage when CWSPs accumulate. 24203356 1 45 theme endosperm 202:210 arg1 walls 189:193 the cell walls 180:193 the cell walls of the endosperm 180:210 The seed of Coffea arabica accumulates large amounts of cell wall storage polysaccharides (CWSPs) of the mannan family in the cell walls of the endosperm. 24203356 5 46 dep level 1348:1352 arg1 correlated 1371:1380 correlated 1371:1380 correlated 1371:1380 The amount of CWSPs stored in the endosperm at the onset of their accumulation was primarily and quantitatively modulated at the transcriptional level (i.e. positively correlated with the expression level of these key galactomannan biosynthetic genes). 24203356 4 47 theme nucleotide 1065:1074 arg1 GDP-mannose 1098:1108 GDP-mannose 1098:1108 GDP-mannose 1098:1108 This module included the five genes of the core galactomannan synthetic machinery, namely genes coding for the enzymes needed to assemble the mannan backbone (mannan synthase, ManS), and genes that introduce the galactosyl side chains (galactosyltransferase, GMGT), modulate the post-depositional degree of galactose substitution (α-galactosidase), and produce the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively). 24203356 4 47 theme nucleotide 1065:1074 arg1 blocks 1091:1096 the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively) 1061:1200 the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively) 1061:1200 This module included the five genes of the core galactomannan synthetic machinery, namely genes coding for the enzymes needed to assemble the mannan backbone (mannan synthase, ManS), and genes that introduce the galactosyl side chains (galactosyltransferase, GMGT), modulate the post-depositional degree of galactose substitution (α-galactosidase), and produce the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively). 24203356 4 47 theme nucleotide 1065:1074 arg1 UDP-galactose 1114:1126 UDP-galactose 1114:1126 UDP-galactose 1114:1126 This module included the five genes of the core galactomannan synthetic machinery, namely genes coding for the enzymes needed to assemble the mannan backbone (mannan synthase, ManS), and genes that introduce the galactosyl side chains (galactosyltransferase, GMGT), modulate the post-depositional degree of galactose substitution (α-galactosidase), and produce the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively). 24203356 8 48 theme galactomannan 1971:1983 arg1 biosynthesis 1985:1996 galactomannan biosynthesis 1971:1996 galactomannan biosynthesis in coffee 1971:2006 Analysis of the gene composition of this cluster revealed remarkable functional coherence and identified transcription factors that putatively control galactomannan biosynthesis in coffee. 24203356 5 49 theme key 1417:1419 arg1 genes 1448:1452 these key galactomannan biosynthetic genes 1411:1452 these key galactomannan biosynthetic genes 1411:1452 The amount of CWSPs stored in the endosperm at the onset of their accumulation was primarily and quantitatively modulated at the transcriptional level (i.e. positively correlated with the expression level of these key galactomannan biosynthetic genes). 24203356 4 50 theme building 1082:1089 arg1 GDP-mannose 1098:1108 GDP-mannose 1098:1108 GDP-mannose 1098:1108 This module included the five genes of the core galactomannan synthetic machinery, namely genes coding for the enzymes needed to assemble the mannan backbone (mannan synthase, ManS), and genes that introduce the galactosyl side chains (galactosyltransferase, GMGT), modulate the post-depositional degree of galactose substitution (α-galactosidase), and produce the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively). 24203356 4 50 theme building 1082:1089 arg1 blocks 1091:1096 the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively) 1061:1200 the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively) 1061:1200 This module included the five genes of the core galactomannan synthetic machinery, namely genes coding for the enzymes needed to assemble the mannan backbone (mannan synthase, ManS), and genes that introduce the galactosyl side chains (galactosyltransferase, GMGT), modulate the post-depositional degree of galactose substitution (α-galactosidase), and produce the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively). 24203356 4 50 theme building 1082:1089 arg1 UDP-galactose 1114:1126 UDP-galactose 1114:1126 UDP-galactose 1114:1126 This module included the five genes of the core galactomannan synthetic machinery, namely genes coding for the enzymes needed to assemble the mannan backbone (mannan synthase, ManS), and genes that introduce the galactosyl side chains (galactosyltransferase, GMGT), modulate the post-depositional degree of galactose substitution (α-galactosidase), and produce the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively). 24203356 2 51 theme growing 244:250 arg1 environment 252:262 the growing environment 240:262 the growing environment 240:262 The variability induced by the growing environment and extensive pairwise correlation analysis with stringent significance thresholds was used to investigate transcript-transcript and transcript-metabolite relationships among 26 sugar-related genes, and the amount of CWSPs and seven soluble low molecular weight carbohydrates in the developing coffee endosperm. 24203356 1 52 theme mannan 163:168 arg1 family 170:175 the mannan family 159:175 the mannan family 159:175 The seed of Coffea arabica accumulates large amounts of cell wall storage polysaccharides (CWSPs) of the mannan family in the cell walls of the endosperm. 24203356 4 53 theme mannose-1P 1129:1138 arg1 guanyltransferase 1140:1156 mannose-1P guanyltransferase 1129:1156 mannose-1P guanyltransferase 1129:1156 This module included the five genes of the core galactomannan synthetic machinery, namely genes coding for the enzymes needed to assemble the mannan backbone (mannan synthase, ManS), and genes that introduce the galactosyl side chains (galactosyltransferase, GMGT), modulate the post-depositional degree of galactose substitution (α-galactosidase), and produce the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively). 24203356 3 54 theme dense 578:582 arg1 module 584:589 A dense module 576:589 A dense module of nine quantitatively co-expressed genes 576:631 A dense module of nine quantitatively co-expressed genes was detected at the mid-developmental stage when CWSPs accumulate. 24203356 6 55 theme building 1576:1583 arg1 blocks 1585:1590 building blocks 1576:1590 building blocks for galactomannan synthesis 1576:1618 This analysis also suggests a role for sorbitol and raffinose family oligosaccharides as transient auxiliary sources of building blocks for galactomannan synthesis. 24203356 3 56 theme genes 627:631 arg1 module 584:589 A dense module 576:589 A dense module of nine quantitatively co-expressed genes 576:631 A dense module of nine quantitatively co-expressed genes was detected at the mid-developmental stage when CWSPs accumulate. 24203356 4 57 dep backbone 849:856 arg1 ManS 876:879 ManS 876:879 ManS 876:879 This module included the five genes of the core galactomannan synthetic machinery, namely genes coding for the enzymes needed to assemble the mannan backbone (mannan synthase, ManS), and genes that introduce the galactosyl side chains (galactosyltransferase, GMGT), modulate the post-depositional degree of galactose substitution (α-galactosidase), and produce the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively). 24203356 4 57 dep backbone 849:856 arg1 synthase 866:873 mannan synthase 859:873 mannan synthase 859:873 This module included the five genes of the core galactomannan synthetic machinery, namely genes coding for the enzymes needed to assemble the mannan backbone (mannan synthase, ManS), and genes that introduce the galactosyl side chains (galactosyltransferase, GMGT), modulate the post-depositional degree of galactose substitution (α-galactosidase), and produce the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively). 24203356 2 58 theme coffee 558:563 arg1 endosperm 565:573 the developing coffee endosperm 543:573 the developing coffee endosperm 543:573 The variability induced by the growing environment and extensive pairwise correlation analysis with stringent significance thresholds was used to investigate transcript-transcript and transcript-metabolite relationships among 26 sugar-related genes, and the amount of CWSPs and seven soluble low molecular weight carbohydrates in the developing coffee endosperm. 24203356 7 59 theme seed 1676:1679 arg1 transcriptome 1681:1693 the developing seed transcriptome 1661:1693 the developing seed transcriptome 1661:1693 Finally, a microarray-based analysis of the developing seed transcriptome revealed that all genes of the core galactomannan synthesis machinery grouped in a single cluster of 209 co-expressed genes. 24203356 8 60 theme composition 1841:1851 arg1 Analysis 1820:1827 Analysis 1820:1827 Analysis of the gene composition of this cluster 1820:1867 Analysis of the gene composition of this cluster revealed remarkable functional coherence and identified transcription factors that putatively control galactomannan biosynthesis in coffee. 24203356 1 61 theme wall 119:122 arg1 CWSPs 149:153 CWSPs 149:153 CWSPs 149:153 The seed of Coffea arabica accumulates large amounts of cell wall storage polysaccharides (CWSPs) of the mannan family in the cell walls of the endosperm. 24203356 1 61 theme wall 119:122 arg1 polysaccharides 132:146 cell wall storage polysaccharides 114:146 cell wall storage polysaccharides (CWSPs) 114:154 The seed of Coffea arabica accumulates large amounts of cell wall storage polysaccharides (CWSPs) of the mannan family in the cell walls of the endosperm. 24203356 2 62 theme pairwise 278:285 arg1 analysis 299:306 extensive pairwise correlation analysis 268:306 extensive pairwise correlation analysis 268:306 The variability induced by the growing environment and extensive pairwise correlation analysis with stringent significance thresholds was used to investigate transcript-transcript and transcript-metabolite relationships among 26 sugar-related genes, and the amount of CWSPs and seven soluble low molecular weight carbohydrates in the developing coffee endosperm. 24203356 4 63 theme galactosyl 912:921 arg1 galactosyltransferase 936:956 galactosyltransferase 936:956 galactosyltransferase 936:956 This module included the five genes of the core galactomannan synthetic machinery, namely genes coding for the enzymes needed to assemble the mannan backbone (mannan synthase, ManS), and genes that introduce the galactosyl side chains (galactosyltransferase, GMGT), modulate the post-depositional degree of galactose substitution (α-galactosidase), and produce the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively). 24203356 4 63 theme galactosyl 912:921 arg1 chains 928:933 the galactosyl side chains 908:933 the galactosyl side chains (galactosyltransferase, GMGT) 908:963 This module included the five genes of the core galactomannan synthetic machinery, namely genes coding for the enzymes needed to assemble the mannan backbone (mannan synthase, ManS), and genes that introduce the galactosyl side chains (galactosyltransferase, GMGT), modulate the post-depositional degree of galactose substitution (α-galactosidase), and produce the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively). 24203356 4 64 theme galactomannan 748:760 arg1 machinery 772:780 the core galactomannan synthetic machinery 739:780 the core galactomannan synthetic machinery 739:780 This module included the five genes of the core galactomannan synthetic machinery, namely genes coding for the enzymes needed to assemble the mannan backbone (mannan synthase, ManS), and genes that introduce the galactosyl side chains (galactosyltransferase, GMGT), modulate the post-depositional degree of galactose substitution (α-galactosidase), and produce the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively). 24203356 1 65 theme polysaccharides 132:146 arg1 family 170:175 the mannan family 159:175 the mannan family 159:175 The seed of Coffea arabica accumulates large amounts of cell wall storage polysaccharides (CWSPs) of the mannan family in the cell walls of the endosperm. 24203356 1 65 theme polysaccharides 132:146 arg1 CWSPs 149:153 CWSPs 149:153 CWSPs 149:153 The seed of Coffea arabica accumulates large amounts of cell wall storage polysaccharides (CWSPs) of the mannan family in the cell walls of the endosperm. 24203356 1 65 theme polysaccharides 132:146 arg1 polysaccharides 132:146 cell wall storage polysaccharides 114:146 cell wall storage polysaccharides (CWSPs) 114:154 The seed of Coffea arabica accumulates large amounts of cell wall storage polysaccharides (CWSPs) of the mannan family in the cell walls of the endosperm. 24203356 1 65 theme polysaccharides 132:146 arg1 amounts 103:109 large amounts 97:109 large amounts of cell wall storage polysaccharides (CWSPs) of the mannan family 97:175 The seed of Coffea arabica accumulates large amounts of cell wall storage polysaccharides (CWSPs) of the mannan family in the cell walls of the endosperm. 24203356 2 66 theme molecular 509:517 arg1 weight 519:524 low molecular weight 505:524 seven soluble low molecular weight carbohydrates 491:538 The variability induced by the growing environment and extensive pairwise correlation analysis with stringent significance thresholds was used to investigate transcript-transcript and transcript-metabolite relationships among 26 sugar-related genes, and the amount of CWSPs and seven soluble low molecular weight carbohydrates in the developing coffee endosperm. 24203356 7 67 theme co-expressed 1800:1811 arg1 genes 1813:1817 209 co-expressed genes 1796:1817 209 co-expressed genes 1796:1817 Finally, a microarray-based analysis of the developing seed transcriptome revealed that all genes of the core galactomannan synthesis machinery grouped in a single cluster of 209 co-expressed genes. 24203356 2 68 theme soluble 497:503 arg1 carbohydrates 526:538 seven soluble low molecular weight carbohydrates 491:538 seven soluble low molecular weight carbohydrates 491:538 The variability induced by the growing environment and extensive pairwise correlation analysis with stringent significance thresholds was used to investigate transcript-transcript and transcript-metabolite relationships among 26 sugar-related genes, and the amount of CWSPs and seven soluble low molecular weight carbohydrates in the developing coffee endosperm. 24203356 8 69 theme functional 1889:1898 arg1 coherence 1900:1908 remarkable functional coherence 1878:1908 remarkable functional coherence 1878:1908 Analysis of the gene composition of this cluster revealed remarkable functional coherence and identified transcription factors that putatively control galactomannan biosynthesis in coffee. 24203356 2 70 with analysis 299:306 arg1 thresholds 336:345 stringent significance thresholds 313:345 stringent significance thresholds 313:345 The variability induced by the growing environment and extensive pairwise correlation analysis with stringent significance thresholds was used to investigate transcript-transcript and transcript-metabolite relationships among 26 sugar-related genes, and the amount of CWSPs and seven soluble low molecular weight carbohydrates in the developing coffee endosperm. 24203356 7 71 theme single 1778:1783 arg1 cluster 1785:1791 a single cluster 1776:1791 a single cluster of 209 co-expressed genes 1776:1817 Finally, a microarray-based analysis of the developing seed transcriptome revealed that all genes of the core galactomannan synthesis machinery grouped in a single cluster of 209 co-expressed genes. 24203356 2 72 theme carbohydrates 526:538 arg1 amount 471:476 the amount 467:476 the amount of CWSPs and seven soluble low molecular weight carbohydrates 467:538 The variability induced by the growing environment and extensive pairwise correlation analysis with stringent significance thresholds was used to investigate transcript-transcript and transcript-metabolite relationships among 26 sugar-related genes, and the amount of CWSPs and seven soluble low molecular weight carbohydrates in the developing coffee endosperm. 24203356 2 72 theme carbohydrates 526:538 arg1 CWSPs 481:485 CWSPs 481:485 CWSPs 481:485 The variability induced by the growing environment and extensive pairwise correlation analysis with stringent significance thresholds was used to investigate transcript-transcript and transcript-metabolite relationships among 26 sugar-related genes, and the amount of CWSPs and seven soluble low molecular weight carbohydrates in the developing coffee endosperm. 24203356 2 72 theme carbohydrates 526:538 arg1 relationships 419:431 transcript-transcript and transcript-metabolite relationships 371:431 transcript-transcript and transcript-metabolite relationships among 26 sugar-related genes 371:460 The variability induced by the growing environment and extensive pairwise correlation analysis with stringent significance thresholds was used to investigate transcript-transcript and transcript-metabolite relationships among 26 sugar-related genes, and the amount of CWSPs and seven soluble low molecular weight carbohydrates in the developing coffee endosperm. 24203356 2 72 theme carbohydrates 526:538 arg1 carbohydrates 526:538 seven soluble low molecular weight carbohydrates 491:538 seven soluble low molecular weight carbohydrates 491:538 The variability induced by the growing environment and extensive pairwise correlation analysis with stringent significance thresholds was used to investigate transcript-transcript and transcript-metabolite relationships among 26 sugar-related genes, and the amount of CWSPs and seven soluble low molecular weight carbohydrates in the developing coffee endosperm. 24203356 2 73 theme transcript-metabolite 397:417 arg1 relationships 419:431 transcript-transcript and transcript-metabolite relationships 371:431 transcript-transcript and transcript-metabolite relationships among 26 sugar-related genes 371:460 The variability induced by the growing environment and extensive pairwise correlation analysis with stringent significance thresholds was used to investigate transcript-transcript and transcript-metabolite relationships among 26 sugar-related genes, and the amount of CWSPs and seven soluble low molecular weight carbohydrates in the developing coffee endosperm. 24203356 8 74 theme transcription 1925:1937 arg1 factors 1939:1945 transcription factors 1925:1945 transcription factors that putatively control galactomannan biosynthesis in coffee 1925:2006 Analysis of the gene composition of this cluster revealed remarkable functional coherence and identified transcription factors that putatively control galactomannan biosynthesis in coffee. 24203356 1 75 theme arabica 77:83 arg1 seed 62:65 The seed 58:65 The seed of Coffea arabica 58:83 The seed of Coffea arabica accumulates large amounts of cell wall storage polysaccharides (CWSPs) of the mannan family in the cell walls of the endosperm. 24203356 4 76 theme machinery 772:780 arg1 genes 730:734 the five genes 721:734 the five genes of the core galactomannan synthetic machinery 721:780 This module included the five genes of the core galactomannan synthetic machinery, namely genes coding for the enzymes needed to assemble the mannan backbone (mannan synthase, ManS), and genes that introduce the galactosyl side chains (galactosyltransferase, GMGT), modulate the post-depositional degree of galactose substitution (α-galactosidase), and produce the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively). 24203356 4 76 theme machinery 772:780 arg1 genes 790:794 genes 790:794 genes coding for the enzymes needed to assemble the mannan backbone (mannan synthase, ManS) 790:880 This module included the five genes of the core galactomannan synthetic machinery, namely genes coding for the enzymes needed to assemble the mannan backbone (mannan synthase, ManS), and genes that introduce the galactosyl side chains (galactosyltransferase, GMGT), modulate the post-depositional degree of galactose substitution (α-galactosidase), and produce the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively). 24203356 4 76 theme machinery 772:780 arg1 genes 887:891 genes 887:891 genes that introduce the galactosyl side chains (galactosyltransferase, GMGT), modulate the post-depositional degree of galactose substitution (α-galactosidase), and produce the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively) 887:1200 This module included the five genes of the core galactomannan synthetic machinery, namely genes coding for the enzymes needed to assemble the mannan backbone (mannan synthase, ManS), and genes that introduce the galactosyl side chains (galactosyltransferase, GMGT), modulate the post-depositional degree of galactose substitution (α-galactosidase), and produce the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively). 24203356 2 77 theme transcript-transcript 371:391 arg1 relationships 419:431 transcript-transcript and transcript-metabolite relationships 371:431 transcript-transcript and transcript-metabolite relationships among 26 sugar-related genes 371:460 The variability induced by the growing environment and extensive pairwise correlation analysis with stringent significance thresholds was used to investigate transcript-transcript and transcript-metabolite relationships among 26 sugar-related genes, and the amount of CWSPs and seven soluble low molecular weight carbohydrates in the developing coffee endosperm. 24203356 0 78 theme biosynthesis 28:39 arg1 Regulation 0:9 Regulation 0:9 Regulation of galactomannan biosynthesis in coffee seeds. 0:56 Regulation of galactomannan biosynthesis in coffee seeds. 24203356 5 79 theme CWSPs 1217:1221 arg1 CWSPs 1217:1221 CWSPs 1217:1221 CWSPs 1217:1221 The amount of CWSPs stored in the endosperm at the onset of their accumulation was primarily and quantitatively modulated at the transcriptional level (i.e. positively correlated with the expression level of these key galactomannan biosynthetic genes). 24203356 5 79 theme CWSPs 1217:1221 arg1 amount 1207:1212 The amount 1203:1212 The amount of CWSPs stored in the endosperm at the onset of their accumulation 1203:1280 The amount of CWSPs stored in the endosperm at the onset of their accumulation was primarily and quantitatively modulated at the transcriptional level (i.e. positively correlated with the expression level of these key galactomannan biosynthetic genes). 24203356 4 80 dep blocks 1091:1096 arg1 GDP-mannose 1098:1108 GDP-mannose 1098:1108 GDP-mannose 1098:1108 This module included the five genes of the core galactomannan synthetic machinery, namely genes coding for the enzymes needed to assemble the mannan backbone (mannan synthase, ManS), and genes that introduce the galactosyl side chains (galactosyltransferase, GMGT), modulate the post-depositional degree of galactose substitution (α-galactosidase), and produce the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively). 24203356 4 80 dep blocks 1091:1096 arg1 blocks 1091:1096 the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively) 1061:1200 the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively) 1061:1200 This module included the five genes of the core galactomannan synthetic machinery, namely genes coding for the enzymes needed to assemble the mannan backbone (mannan synthase, ManS), and genes that introduce the galactosyl side chains (galactosyltransferase, GMGT), modulate the post-depositional degree of galactose substitution (α-galactosidase), and produce the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively). 24203356 4 80 dep blocks 1091:1096 arg1 UDP-galactose 1114:1126 UDP-galactose 1114:1126 UDP-galactose 1114:1126 This module included the five genes of the core galactomannan synthetic machinery, namely genes coding for the enzymes needed to assemble the mannan backbone (mannan synthase, ManS), and genes that introduce the galactosyl side chains (galactosyltransferase, GMGT), modulate the post-depositional degree of galactose substitution (α-galactosidase), and produce the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively). 24203356 1 81 theme large 97:101 arg1 family 170:175 the mannan family 159:175 the mannan family 159:175 The seed of Coffea arabica accumulates large amounts of cell wall storage polysaccharides (CWSPs) of the mannan family in the cell walls of the endosperm. 24203356 1 81 theme large 97:101 arg1 CWSPs 149:153 CWSPs 149:153 CWSPs 149:153 The seed of Coffea arabica accumulates large amounts of cell wall storage polysaccharides (CWSPs) of the mannan family in the cell walls of the endosperm. 24203356 1 81 theme large 97:101 arg1 polysaccharides 132:146 cell wall storage polysaccharides 114:146 cell wall storage polysaccharides (CWSPs) 114:154 The seed of Coffea arabica accumulates large amounts of cell wall storage polysaccharides (CWSPs) of the mannan family in the cell walls of the endosperm. 24203356 1 81 theme large 97:101 arg1 amounts 103:109 large amounts 97:109 large amounts of cell wall storage polysaccharides (CWSPs) of the mannan family 97:175 The seed of Coffea arabica accumulates large amounts of cell wall storage polysaccharides (CWSPs) of the mannan family in the cell walls of the endosperm. 24203356 7 82 theme machinery 1755:1763 arg1 genes 1713:1717 all genes 1709:1717 all genes of the core galactomannan synthesis machinery 1709:1763 Finally, a microarray-based analysis of the developing seed transcriptome revealed that all genes of the core galactomannan synthesis machinery grouped in a single cluster of 209 co-expressed genes. 24203356 2 83 theme sugar-related 442:454 arg1 genes 456:460 26 sugar-related genes 439:460 26 sugar-related genes 439:460 The variability induced by the growing environment and extensive pairwise correlation analysis with stringent significance thresholds was used to investigate transcript-transcript and transcript-metabolite relationships among 26 sugar-related genes, and the amount of CWSPs and seven soluble low molecular weight carbohydrates in the developing coffee endosperm. 24203356 0 84 theme coffee 44:49 arg1 seeds 51:55 coffee seeds 44:55 coffee seeds 44:55 Regulation of galactomannan biosynthesis in coffee seeds. 24203356 1 85 theme cell 184:187 arg1 walls 189:193 the cell walls 180:193 the cell walls of the endosperm 180:210 The seed of Coffea arabica accumulates large amounts of cell wall storage polysaccharides (CWSPs) of the mannan family in the cell walls of the endosperm. 24203356 7 86 theme galactomannan 1731:1743 arg1 machinery 1755:1763 the core galactomannan synthesis machinery 1722:1763 the core galactomannan synthesis machinery 1722:1763 Finally, a microarray-based analysis of the developing seed transcriptome revealed that all genes of the core galactomannan synthesis machinery grouped in a single cluster of 209 co-expressed genes. 24203356 4 87 theme galactose 1007:1015 arg1 α-galactosidase 1031:1045 α-galactosidase 1031:1045 α-galactosidase 1031:1045 This module included the five genes of the core galactomannan synthetic machinery, namely genes coding for the enzymes needed to assemble the mannan backbone (mannan synthase, ManS), and genes that introduce the galactosyl side chains (galactosyltransferase, GMGT), modulate the post-depositional degree of galactose substitution (α-galactosidase), and produce the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively). 24203356 4 87 theme galactose 1007:1015 arg1 substitution 1017:1028 galactose substitution 1007:1028 galactose substitution (α-galactosidase) 1007:1046 This module included the five genes of the core galactomannan synthetic machinery, namely genes coding for the enzymes needed to assemble the mannan backbone (mannan synthase, ManS), and genes that introduce the galactosyl side chains (galactosyltransferase, GMGT), modulate the post-depositional degree of galactose substitution (α-galactosidase), and produce the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively). 24203356 4 88 theme mannan 842:847 arg1 backbone 849:856 the mannan backbone 838:856 the mannan backbone (mannan synthase, ManS) 838:880 This module included the five genes of the core galactomannan synthetic machinery, namely genes coding for the enzymes needed to assemble the mannan backbone (mannan synthase, ManS), and genes that introduce the galactosyl side chains (galactosyltransferase, GMGT), modulate the post-depositional degree of galactose substitution (α-galactosidase), and produce the nucleotide sugar building blocks GDP-mannose and UDP-galactose (mannose-1P guanyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, respectively). 24203356 5 89 theme galactomannan 1421:1433 arg1 genes 1448:1452 these key galactomannan biosynthetic genes 1411:1452 these key galactomannan biosynthetic genes 1411:1452 The amount of CWSPs stored in the endosperm at the onset of their accumulation was primarily and quantitatively modulated at the transcriptional level (i.e. positively correlated with the expression level of these key galactomannan biosynthetic genes). 24203356 6 90 dep sorbitol 1495:1502 arg1 oligosaccharides 1525:1540 family oligosaccharides 1518:1540 family oligosaccharides 1518:1540 This analysis also suggests a role for sorbitol and raffinose family oligosaccharides as transient auxiliary sources of building blocks for galactomannan synthesis. 24203356 5 91 theme genes 1448:1452 arg1 level 1402:1406 the expression level 1387:1406 the expression level of these key galactomannan biosynthetic genes 1387:1452 The amount of CWSPs stored in the endosperm at the onset of their accumulation was primarily and quantitatively modulated at the transcriptional level (i.e. positively correlated with the expression level of these key galactomannan biosynthetic genes). 24203356 2 92 theme significance 323:334 arg1 thresholds 336:345 stringent significance thresholds 313:345 stringent significance thresholds 313:345 The variability induced by the growing environment and extensive pairwise correlation analysis with stringent significance thresholds was used to investigate transcript-transcript and transcript-metabolite relationships among 26 sugar-related genes, and the amount of CWSPs and seven soluble low molecular weight carbohydrates in the developing coffee endosperm. 24203356 6 93 theme auxiliary 1555:1563 arg1 sources 1565:1571 transient auxiliary sources 1545:1571 transient auxiliary sources of building blocks for galactomannan synthesis 1545:1618 This analysis also suggests a role for sorbitol and raffinose family oligosaccharides as transient auxiliary sources of building blocks for galactomannan synthesis. 24203356 6 94 theme family 1518:1523 arg1 oligosaccharides 1525:1540 family oligosaccharides 1518:1540 family oligosaccharides 1518:1540 This analysis also suggests a role for sorbitol and raffinose family oligosaccharides as transient auxiliary sources of building blocks for galactomannan synthesis. 24203356 5 95 theme accumulation 1269:1280 arg1 onset 1254:1258 the onset 1250:1258 the onset of their accumulation 1250:1280 The amount of CWSPs stored in the endosperm at the onset of their accumulation was primarily and quantitatively modulated at the transcriptional level (i.e. positively correlated with the expression level of these key galactomannan biosynthetic genes). 24291423 2 0 theme crossed-lamellar 445:460 arg1 structure 462:470 the crossed-lamellar structure 441:470 the crossed-lamellar structure of the giant queen conch Strombus gigas 441:510 In the present paper, we have characterized biochemically the shell matrix associated to the crossed-lamellar structure of the giant queen conch Strombus gigas. 24291423 6 1 theme ASM 1016:1018 arg1 composition 997:1007 The monosaccharide composition 978:1007 The monosaccharide composition of the ASM 978:1018 The monosaccharide composition of the ASM shows that mannose represents the main monosaccharide. 24291423 5 2 dep glycosylated 885:896 arg1 seems 947:951 seems 947:951 seems noticeably glycosylated 947:975 Compared to other matrices, the acid-soluble matrix is weakly glycosylated (3%) and among the discrete components, only 3P3 seems noticeably glycosylated. 24291423 5 2 dep glycosylated 885:896 arg1 % 900:900 3% 899:900 3% 899:900 Compared to other matrices, the acid-soluble matrix is weakly glycosylated (3%) and among the discrete components, only 3P3 seems noticeably glycosylated. 24291423 1 3 theme related 313:319 arg1 functions 303:311 several functions 295:311 several functions related to the synthesis of the shell 295:349 In molluscs, the shell organic matrix comprises a large set of biomineral-occluded proteins, glycoproteins and polysaccharides that are secreted by the calcifying mantle epithelium, and are supposed to display several functions related to the synthesis of the shell. 24291423 4 4 dep fractions 706:714 arg1 named 754:758 named 754:758 named 1P3, 2P3 and 3P3 754:775 Both are constituted of polydisperse and of few discrete proteins among which three fractions, obtained by preparative SDS-PAGE and named 1P3, 2P3 and 3P3, are dominant and were further characterized. 24291423 4 4 dep fractions 706:714 arg1 obtained 717:724 obtained 717:724 obtained by preparative SDS-PAGE 717:748 Both are constituted of polydisperse and of few discrete proteins among which three fractions, obtained by preparative SDS-PAGE and named 1P3, 2P3 and 3P3, are dominant and were further characterized. 24291423 2 5 theme conch 491:495 arg1 gigas 506:510 the giant queen conch Strombus gigas 475:510 the giant queen conch Strombus gigas 475:510 In the present paper, we have characterized biochemically the shell matrix associated to the crossed-lamellar structure of the giant queen conch Strombus gigas. 24291423 9 6 theme 3P3 1379:1381 arg1 fractions 1383:1391 the 2P3 and 3P3 fractions 1367:1391 the 2P3 and 3P3 fractions 1367:1391 It differs from that of the isolated 1P3 fraction but is similar to that of the 2P3 and 3P3 fractions. 24291423 10 7 theme 3P3 1433:1435 arg1 fraction 1437:1444 the 3P3 fraction 1429:1444 the 3P3 fraction 1429:1444 At last, antibodies developed from the 3P3 fraction were used to localize this fraction within the shell by immunogold. 24291423 11 8 theme crossed-lamellar 1604:1619 arg1 structure 1621:1629 the crossed-lamellar structure 1600:1629 the crossed-lamellar structure of the queen conch shell 1600:1654 This study is the first one aiming at characterizing the organic matrix associated to the crossed-lamellar structure of the queen conch shell. 24291423 2 9 theme queen 485:489 arg1 gigas 506:510 the giant queen conch Strombus gigas 475:510 the giant queen conch Strombus gigas 475:510 In the present paper, we have characterized biochemically the shell matrix associated to the crossed-lamellar structure of the giant queen conch Strombus gigas. 24291423 9 10 theme 2P3 1371:1373 arg1 fractions 1383:1391 the 2P3 and 3P3 fractions 1367:1391 the 2P3 and 3P3 fractions 1367:1391 It differs from that of the isolated 1P3 fraction but is similar to that of the 2P3 and 3P3 fractions. 24291423 7 11 theme sugar 1142:1146 arg1 ratio 1128:1132 a high ratio 1121:1132 a high ratio of this sugar 1121:1146 To our knowledge, this is the first report of a high ratio of this sugar in a skeletal matrix. 24291423 1 12 theme calcifying 237:246 arg1 epithelium 255:264 the calcifying mantle epithelium 233:264 the calcifying mantle epithelium 233:264 In molluscs, the shell organic matrix comprises a large set of biomineral-occluded proteins, glycoproteins and polysaccharides that are secreted by the calcifying mantle epithelium, and are supposed to display several functions related to the synthesis of the shell. 24291423 2 13 theme giant 479:483 arg1 gigas 506:510 the giant queen conch Strombus gigas 475:510 the giant queen conch Strombus gigas 475:510 In the present paper, we have characterized biochemically the shell matrix associated to the crossed-lamellar structure of the giant queen conch Strombus gigas. 24291423 8 14 theme carbonate 1246:1254 arg1 crystallization 1219:1233 the in vitro crystallization 1206:1233 the in vitro crystallization of calcium carbonate 1206:1254 Furthermore, the ASM interacts with the in vitro crystallization of calcium carbonate, but this interaction is moderate. 24291423 6 15 theme monosaccharide 982:995 arg1 composition 997:1007 The monosaccharide composition 978:1007 The monosaccharide composition of the ASM 978:1018 The monosaccharide composition of the ASM shows that mannose represents the main monosaccharide. 24291423 11 16 theme conch 1644:1648 arg1 shell 1650:1654 the queen conch shell 1634:1654 the queen conch shell 1634:1654 This study is the first one aiming at characterizing the organic matrix associated to the crossed-lamellar structure of the queen conch shell. 24291423 0 17 theme crossed 32:38 arg1 queen 49:53 the crossed lamellar queen 28:53 the crossed lamellar queen 28:53 The shell organic matrix of the crossed lamellar queen conch shell (Strombus gigas). 24291423 8 18 theme calcium 1238:1244 arg1 carbonate 1246:1254 calcium carbonate 1238:1254 calcium carbonate 1238:1254 Furthermore, the ASM interacts with the in vitro crystallization of calcium carbonate, but this interaction is moderate. 24291423 1 19 theme large 135:139 arg1 set 141:143 a large set 133:143 a large set of biomineral-occluded proteins, glycoproteins and polysaccharides that are secreted by the calcifying mantle epithelium, and are supposed to display several functions related to the synthesis of the shell 133:349 In molluscs, the shell organic matrix comprises a large set of biomineral-occluded proteins, glycoproteins and polysaccharides that are secreted by the calcifying mantle epithelium, and are supposed to display several functions related to the synthesis of the shell. 24291423 1 19 theme large 135:139 arg1 proteins 168:175 biomineral-occluded proteins 148:175 biomineral-occluded proteins 148:175 In molluscs, the shell organic matrix comprises a large set of biomineral-occluded proteins, glycoproteins and polysaccharides that are secreted by the calcifying mantle epithelium, and are supposed to display several functions related to the synthesis of the shell. 24291423 1 19 theme large 135:139 arg1 polysaccharides 196:210 polysaccharides 196:210 polysaccharides 196:210 In molluscs, the shell organic matrix comprises a large set of biomineral-occluded proteins, glycoproteins and polysaccharides that are secreted by the calcifying mantle epithelium, and are supposed to display several functions related to the synthesis of the shell. 24291423 1 19 theme large 135:139 arg1 glycoproteins 178:190 glycoproteins 178:190 glycoproteins 178:190 In molluscs, the shell organic matrix comprises a large set of biomineral-occluded proteins, glycoproteins and polysaccharides that are secreted by the calcifying mantle epithelium, and are supposed to display several functions related to the synthesis of the shell. 24291423 0 20 theme shell 4:8 arg1 matrix 18:23 The shell organic matrix 0:23 The shell organic matrix of the crossed lamellar queen 0:53 The shell organic matrix of the crossed lamellar queen conch shell (Strombus gigas). 24291423 7 21 theme high 1123:1126 arg1 ratio 1128:1132 a high ratio 1121:1132 a high ratio of this sugar 1121:1146 To our knowledge, this is the first report of a high ratio of this sugar in a skeletal matrix. 24291423 1 22 gly glycoproteins 178:190 arg1 proteins 168:175 biomineral-occluded proteins 148:175 biomineral-occluded proteins 148:175 In molluscs, the shell organic matrix comprises a large set of biomineral-occluded proteins, glycoproteins and polysaccharides that are secreted by the calcifying mantle epithelium, and are supposed to display several functions related to the synthesis of the shell. 24291423 1 22 gly glycoproteins 178:190 arg1 glycoproteins 178:190 glycoproteins 178:190 glycoproteins 178:190 In molluscs, the shell organic matrix comprises a large set of biomineral-occluded proteins, glycoproteins and polysaccharides that are secreted by the calcifying mantle epithelium, and are supposed to display several functions related to the synthesis of the shell. 24291423 7 23 theme ratio 1128:1132 arg1 report 1111:1116 the first report 1101:1116 the first report of a high ratio of this sugar in a skeletal matrix 1101:1167 To our knowledge, this is the first report of a high ratio of this sugar in a skeletal matrix. 24291423 7 23 theme ratio 1128:1132 arg1 this 1093:1096 this 1093:1096 this 1093:1096 To our knowledge, this is the first report of a high ratio of this sugar in a skeletal matrix. 24291423 5 24 dep components 926:935 arg1 3P3 943:945 3P3 943:945 3P3 943:945 Compared to other matrices, the acid-soluble matrix is weakly glycosylated (3%) and among the discrete components, only 3P3 seems noticeably glycosylated. 24291423 1 25 theme mantle 248:253 arg1 epithelium 255:264 the calcifying mantle epithelium 233:264 the calcifying mantle epithelium 233:264 In molluscs, the shell organic matrix comprises a large set of biomineral-occluded proteins, glycoproteins and polysaccharides that are secreted by the calcifying mantle epithelium, and are supposed to display several functions related to the synthesis of the shell. 24291423 0 26 dep shell 61:65 arg1 gigas 77:81 Strombus gigas 68:81 Strombus gigas 68:81 The shell organic matrix of the crossed lamellar queen conch shell (Strombus gigas). 24291423 5 27 theme acid-soluble 855:866 arg1 matrix 868:873 the acid-soluble matrix 851:873 the acid-soluble matrix 851:873 Compared to other matrices, the acid-soluble matrix is weakly glycosylated (3%) and among the discrete components, only 3P3 seems noticeably glycosylated. 24291423 3 28 theme acid-soluble 517:528 arg1 matrices 561:568 The acid-soluble (ASM) and acid-insoluble (AIM) matrices 513:568 The acid-soluble (ASM) and acid-insoluble (AIM) matrices 513:568 The acid-soluble (ASM) and acid-insoluble (AIM) matrices represent an extremely minor fraction of the shell. 24291423 9 29 theme 1P3 1328:1330 arg1 fraction 1332:1339 the isolated 1P3 fraction 1315:1339 the isolated 1P3 fraction 1315:1339 It differs from that of the isolated 1P3 fraction but is similar to that of the 2P3 and 3P3 fractions. 24291423 1 30 theme biomineral-occluded 148:166 arg1 proteins 168:175 biomineral-occluded proteins 148:175 biomineral-occluded proteins 148:175 In molluscs, the shell organic matrix comprises a large set of biomineral-occluded proteins, glycoproteins and polysaccharides that are secreted by the calcifying mantle epithelium, and are supposed to display several functions related to the synthesis of the shell. 24291423 1 30 theme biomineral-occluded 148:166 arg1 polysaccharides 196:210 polysaccharides 196:210 polysaccharides 196:210 In molluscs, the shell organic matrix comprises a large set of biomineral-occluded proteins, glycoproteins and polysaccharides that are secreted by the calcifying mantle epithelium, and are supposed to display several functions related to the synthesis of the shell. 24291423 1 30 theme biomineral-occluded 148:166 arg1 glycoproteins 178:190 glycoproteins 178:190 glycoproteins 178:190 In molluscs, the shell organic matrix comprises a large set of biomineral-occluded proteins, glycoproteins and polysaccharides that are secreted by the calcifying mantle epithelium, and are supposed to display several functions related to the synthesis of the shell. 24291423 0 31 theme organic 10:16 arg1 matrix 18:23 The shell organic matrix 0:23 The shell organic matrix of the crossed lamellar queen 0:53 The shell organic matrix of the crossed lamellar queen conch shell (Strombus gigas). 24291423 11 32 theme queen 1638:1642 arg1 shell 1650:1654 the queen conch shell 1634:1654 the queen conch shell 1634:1654 This study is the first one aiming at characterizing the organic matrix associated to the crossed-lamellar structure of the queen conch shell. 24291423 1 33 theme shell 345:349 arg1 synthesis 328:336 the synthesis 324:336 the synthesis of the shell 324:349 In molluscs, the shell organic matrix comprises a large set of biomineral-occluded proteins, glycoproteins and polysaccharides that are secreted by the calcifying mantle epithelium, and are supposed to display several functions related to the synthesis of the shell. 24291423 5 34 theme other 835:839 arg1 matrices 841:848 other matrices 835:848 other matrices 835:848 Compared to other matrices, the acid-soluble matrix is weakly glycosylated (3%) and among the discrete components, only 3P3 seems noticeably glycosylated. 24291423 1 35 theme proteins 168:175 arg1 set 141:143 a large set 133:143 a large set of biomineral-occluded proteins, glycoproteins and polysaccharides that are secreted by the calcifying mantle epithelium, and are supposed to display several functions related to the synthesis of the shell 133:349 In molluscs, the shell organic matrix comprises a large set of biomineral-occluded proteins, glycoproteins and polysaccharides that are secreted by the calcifying mantle epithelium, and are supposed to display several functions related to the synthesis of the shell. 24291423 1 35 theme proteins 168:175 arg1 proteins 168:175 biomineral-occluded proteins 148:175 biomineral-occluded proteins 148:175 In molluscs, the shell organic matrix comprises a large set of biomineral-occluded proteins, glycoproteins and polysaccharides that are secreted by the calcifying mantle epithelium, and are supposed to display several functions related to the synthesis of the shell. 24291423 1 35 theme proteins 168:175 arg1 polysaccharides 196:210 polysaccharides 196:210 polysaccharides 196:210 In molluscs, the shell organic matrix comprises a large set of biomineral-occluded proteins, glycoproteins and polysaccharides that are secreted by the calcifying mantle epithelium, and are supposed to display several functions related to the synthesis of the shell. 24291423 1 35 theme proteins 168:175 arg1 glycoproteins 178:190 glycoproteins 178:190 glycoproteins 178:190 In molluscs, the shell organic matrix comprises a large set of biomineral-occluded proteins, glycoproteins and polysaccharides that are secreted by the calcifying mantle epithelium, and are supposed to display several functions related to the synthesis of the shell. 24291423 8 36 theme in 1210:1211 arg1 crystallization 1219:1233 the in vitro crystallization 1206:1233 the in vitro crystallization of calcium carbonate 1206:1254 Furthermore, the ASM interacts with the in vitro crystallization of calcium carbonate, but this interaction is moderate. 24291423 2 37 theme gigas 506:510 arg1 structure 462:470 the crossed-lamellar structure 441:470 the crossed-lamellar structure of the giant queen conch Strombus gigas 441:510 In the present paper, we have characterized biochemically the shell matrix associated to the crossed-lamellar structure of the giant queen conch Strombus gigas. 24291423 2 38 theme Strombus 497:504 arg1 gigas 506:510 the giant queen conch Strombus gigas 475:510 the giant queen conch Strombus gigas 475:510 In the present paper, we have characterized biochemically the shell matrix associated to the crossed-lamellar structure of the giant queen conch Strombus gigas. 24291423 7 39 from report 1111:1116 arg1 matrix 1162:1167 a skeletal matrix 1151:1167 a skeletal matrix 1151:1167 To our knowledge, this is the first report of a high ratio of this sugar in a skeletal matrix. 24291423 8 40 dep in 1210:1211 arg1 vitro 1213:1217 vitro 1213:1217 vitro 1213:1217 Furthermore, the ASM interacts with the in vitro crystallization of calcium carbonate, but this interaction is moderate. 24291423 2 41 theme present 359:365 arg1 paper 367:371 the present paper 355:371 the present paper 355:371 In the present paper, we have characterized biochemically the shell matrix associated to the crossed-lamellar structure of the giant queen conch Strombus gigas. 24291423 0 42 theme lamellar 40:47 arg1 queen 49:53 the crossed lamellar queen 28:53 the crossed lamellar queen 28:53 The shell organic matrix of the crossed lamellar queen conch shell (Strombus gigas). 24291423 9 43 theme isolated 1319:1326 arg1 fraction 1332:1339 the isolated 1P3 fraction 1315:1339 the isolated 1P3 fraction 1315:1339 It differs from that of the isolated 1P3 fraction but is similar to that of the 2P3 and 3P3 fractions. 24291423 3 44 theme minor 593:597 arg1 fraction 599:606 an extremely minor fraction 580:606 an extremely minor fraction of the shell 580:619 The acid-soluble (ASM) and acid-insoluble (AIM) matrices represent an extremely minor fraction of the shell. 24291423 6 45 theme main 1054:1057 arg1 monosaccharide 1059:1072 the main monosaccharide 1050:1072 the main monosaccharide 1050:1072 The monosaccharide composition of the ASM shows that mannose represents the main monosaccharide. 24291423 2 46 theme shell 414:418 arg1 matrix 420:425 the shell matrix 410:425 the shell matrix associated to the crossed-lamellar structure of the giant queen conch Strombus gigas 410:510 In the present paper, we have characterized biochemically the shell matrix associated to the crossed-lamellar structure of the giant queen conch Strombus gigas. 24291423 7 47 theme first 1105:1109 arg1 report 1111:1116 the first report 1101:1116 the first report of a high ratio of this sugar in a skeletal matrix 1101:1167 To our knowledge, this is the first report of a high ratio of this sugar in a skeletal matrix. 24291423 7 47 theme first 1105:1109 arg1 this 1093:1096 this 1093:1096 this 1093:1096 To our knowledge, this is the first report of a high ratio of this sugar in a skeletal matrix. 24291423 3 48 theme acid-insoluble 540:553 arg1 matrices 561:568 The acid-soluble (ASM) and acid-insoluble (AIM) matrices 513:568 The acid-soluble (ASM) and acid-insoluble (AIM) matrices 513:568 The acid-soluble (ASM) and acid-insoluble (AIM) matrices represent an extremely minor fraction of the shell. 24291423 10 49 used used 1451:1454 arg2 antibodies 1403:1412 antibodies 1403:1412 antibodies developed from the 3P3 fraction 1403:1444 At last, antibodies developed from the 3P3 fraction were used to localize this fraction within the shell by immunogold. 24291423 11 50 theme organic 1571:1577 arg1 matrix 1579:1584 the organic matrix 1567:1584 the organic matrix associated to the crossed-lamellar structure of the queen conch shell 1567:1654 This study is the first one aiming at characterizing the organic matrix associated to the crossed-lamellar structure of the queen conch shell. 24291423 11 51 theme shell 1650:1654 arg1 structure 1621:1629 the crossed-lamellar structure 1600:1629 the crossed-lamellar structure of the queen conch shell 1600:1654 This study is the first one aiming at characterizing the organic matrix associated to the crossed-lamellar structure of the queen conch shell. 24291423 4 52 theme discrete 670:677 arg1 proteins 679:686 few discrete proteins 666:686 few discrete proteins among which three fractions, obtained by preparative SDS-PAGE and named 1P3, 2P3 and 3P3, are dominant and were further characterized 666:820 Both are constituted of polydisperse and of few discrete proteins among which three fractions, obtained by preparative SDS-PAGE and named 1P3, 2P3 and 3P3, are dominant and were further characterized. 24291423 4 53 theme preparative 729:739 arg1 SDS-PAGE 741:748 preparative SDS-PAGE 729:748 preparative SDS-PAGE 729:748 Both are constituted of polydisperse and of few discrete proteins among which three fractions, obtained by preparative SDS-PAGE and named 1P3, 2P3 and 3P3, are dominant and were further characterized. 24291423 4 54 theme few 666:668 arg1 proteins 679:686 few discrete proteins 666:686 few discrete proteins among which three fractions, obtained by preparative SDS-PAGE and named 1P3, 2P3 and 3P3, are dominant and were further characterized 666:820 Both are constituted of polydisperse and of few discrete proteins among which three fractions, obtained by preparative SDS-PAGE and named 1P3, 2P3 and 3P3, are dominant and were further characterized. 24291423 7 55 theme skeletal 1153:1160 arg1 matrix 1162:1167 a skeletal matrix 1151:1167 a skeletal matrix 1151:1167 To our knowledge, this is the first report of a high ratio of this sugar in a skeletal matrix. 24291423 5 56 gly glycosylated 885:896 arg1 matrix 868:873 the acid-soluble matrix 851:873 the acid-soluble matrix 851:873 Compared to other matrices, the acid-soluble matrix is weakly glycosylated (3%) and among the discrete components, only 3P3 seems noticeably glycosylated. 24291423 3 57 theme shell 615:619 arg1 fraction 599:606 an extremely minor fraction 580:606 an extremely minor fraction of the shell 580:619 The acid-soluble (ASM) and acid-insoluble (AIM) matrices represent an extremely minor fraction of the shell. 24291423 3 58 dep acid-soluble 517:528 arg1 ASM 531:533 ASM 531:533 ASM 531:533 The acid-soluble (ASM) and acid-insoluble (AIM) matrices represent an extremely minor fraction of the shell. 24291423 1 59 theme shell 102:106 arg1 matrix 116:121 the shell organic matrix 98:121 the shell organic matrix 98:121 In molluscs, the shell organic matrix comprises a large set of biomineral-occluded proteins, glycoproteins and polysaccharides that are secreted by the calcifying mantle epithelium, and are supposed to display several functions related to the synthesis of the shell. 24291423 3 60 dep acid-insoluble 540:553 arg1 AIM 556:558 AIM 556:558 AIM 556:558 The acid-soluble (ASM) and acid-insoluble (AIM) matrices represent an extremely minor fraction of the shell. 24291423 0 61 theme queen 49:53 arg1 matrix 18:23 The shell organic matrix 0:23 The shell organic matrix of the crossed lamellar queen 0:53 The shell organic matrix of the crossed lamellar queen conch shell (Strombus gigas). 24291423 1 62 theme several 295:301 arg1 functions 303:311 several functions 295:311 several functions related to the synthesis of the shell 295:349 In molluscs, the shell organic matrix comprises a large set of biomineral-occluded proteins, glycoproteins and polysaccharides that are secreted by the calcifying mantle epithelium, and are supposed to display several functions related to the synthesis of the shell. 24291423 5 63 theme discrete 917:924 arg1 components 926:935 the discrete components 913:935 the discrete components 913:935 Compared to other matrices, the acid-soluble matrix is weakly glycosylated (3%) and among the discrete components, only 3P3 seems noticeably glycosylated. 24291423 1 64 theme organic 108:114 arg1 matrix 116:121 the shell organic matrix 98:121 the shell organic matrix 98:121 In molluscs, the shell organic matrix comprises a large set of biomineral-occluded proteins, glycoproteins and polysaccharides that are secreted by the calcifying mantle epithelium, and are supposed to display several functions related to the synthesis of the shell. 25354740 7 0 theme Avicel® 1327:1333 arg1 RC 1335:1336 Avicel® RC 591 1327:1340 Avicel® RC 591 1327:1340 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 2 1 theme delayed 324:330 arg1 regime 332:337 a delayed regime 322:337 a delayed regime to achieve the maximum estimated effect of antidiabetics 322:394 The risk of hypoglycemic conditions can be managed by a coated pellet dosage form, which can release glucose in a delayed regime to achieve the maximum estimated effect of antidiabetics. 25354740 7 2 theme RC 1335:1336 arg1 glucose 1308:1314 glucose 1308:1314 glucose 1308:1314 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 7 2 theme RC 1335:1336 arg1 % 1322:1322 25% 1320:1322 25% of Avicel® RC 591 1320:1340 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 7 2 theme RC 1335:1336 arg1 % 1303:1303 75% 1301:1303 75% of glucose 1301:1314 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 7 2 theme RC 1335:1336 arg1 RC 1335:1336 Avicel® RC 591 1327:1340 Avicel® RC 591 1327:1340 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 1 3 theme serious 153:159 arg1 episodes 125:132 Hypoglycemic episodes 112:132 Hypoglycemic episodes 112:132 Hypoglycemic episodes are a frequent and serious complication in both types of diabetes mellitus. 25354740 1 3 theme serious 153:159 arg1 complication 161:172 a frequent and serious complication 138:172 a frequent and serious complication in both types of diabetes mellitus 138:207 Hypoglycemic episodes are a frequent and serious complication in both types of diabetes mellitus. 25354740 6 4 theme flow 1026:1029 arg1 properties 1031:1040 satisfactory mechanical and flow properties 998:1040 properties 1031:1040 All pellet samples had satisfactory mechanical and flow properties required for the coating process. 25354740 4 5 theme study 727:731 arg1 aim 715:717 The aim 711:717 The aim of this study 711:731 The aim of this study was to increase the glucose content in the pellets to minimize their volume and to improve the administration to the patients. 25354740 2 6 theme pellet 273:278 arg1 form 287:290 a coated pellet dosage form 264:290 a coated pellet dosage form 264:290 The risk of hypoglycemic conditions can be managed by a coated pellet dosage form, which can release glucose in a delayed regime to achieve the maximum estimated effect of antidiabetics. 25354740 7 7 theme higher 1257:1262 arg1 size 1278:1281 the higher mean particle size 1253:1281 the higher mean particle size 1253:1281 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 0 8 theme hypoglycemia 77:88 arg1 prevention 63:72 prevention 63:72 prevention of hypoglycemia in diabetes patients 63:109 Formulation of cores for the controlled release of glucose for prevention of hypoglycemia in diabetes patients. 25354740 7 9 theme glucose 1308:1314 arg1 glucose 1308:1314 glucose 1308:1314 glucose 1308:1314 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 7 9 theme glucose 1308:1314 arg1 % 1322:1322 25% 1320:1322 25% of Avicel® RC 591 1320:1340 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 7 9 theme glucose 1308:1314 arg1 % 1303:1303 75% 1301:1303 75% of glucose 1301:1314 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 7 9 theme glucose 1308:1314 arg1 RC 1335:1336 Avicel® RC 591 1327:1340 Avicel® RC 591 1327:1340 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 5 10 theme pellet 890:895 arg1 cores 897:901 the pellet cores 886:901 the pellet cores 886:901 The content of glucose in the pellet cores was increased from 45 to 75 or 80%, respectively, for all compositions. 25354740 7 11 theme particle 1141:1148 arg1 size 1150:1153 the lower mean particle size 1126:1153 the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium 1126:1247 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 2 12 theme coated 266:271 arg1 form 287:290 a coated pellet dosage form 264:290 a coated pellet dosage form 264:290 The risk of hypoglycemic conditions can be managed by a coated pellet dosage form, which can release glucose in a delayed regime to achieve the maximum estimated effect of antidiabetics. 25354740 7 13 theme mean 1264:1267 arg1 size 1278:1281 the higher mean particle size 1253:1281 the higher mean particle size 1253:1281 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 7 14 contain containing 1162:1171 arg2 glucose 1180:1186 glucose 1180:1186 glucose 1180:1186 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 7 14 contain containing 1162:1171 arg1 sample 1155:1160 the lower mean particle size sample 1126:1160 the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium 1126:1247 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 7 14 contain containing 1162:1171 arg2 % 1191:1191 15% 1189:1191 15% of Avicel® PH 101 1189:1209 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 7 14 contain containing 1162:1171 arg2 % 1175:1175 80% 1173:1175 80% of glucose 1173:1186 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 7 14 contain containing 1162:1171 arg2 % 1216:1216 5% 1215:1216 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium 1215:1247 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 7 14 contain containing 1162:1171 arg2 PH 1204:1205 Avicel® PH 101 1196:1209 Avicel® PH 101 1196:1209 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 7 14 contain containing 1162:1171 arg2 sodium 1242:1247 carboxymethyl starch sodium 1221:1247 carboxymethyl starch sodium 1221:1247 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 2 15 theme antidiabetics 382:394 arg1 effect 372:377 the maximum estimated effect 350:377 the maximum estimated effect of antidiabetics 350:394 The risk of hypoglycemic conditions can be managed by a coated pellet dosage form, which can release glucose in a delayed regime to achieve the maximum estimated effect of antidiabetics. 25354740 3 16 theme active 502:507 arg1 sodium 652:657 carboxymethyl starch sodium 631:657 carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) 631:676 The pellet cores, intended for coating with ethylcellulose, were prepared consisting of four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000, respectively. 25354740 3 16 theme active 502:507 arg1 crosscarmellose 521:535 crosscarmellose 521:535 crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®) 521:548 The pellet cores, intended for coating with ethylcellulose, were prepared consisting of four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000, respectively. 25354740 3 16 theme active 502:507 arg1 excipients 509:518 four osmotically active excipients 485:518 four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000 485:694 The pellet cores, intended for coating with ethylcellulose, were prepared consisting of four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000, respectively. 25354740 3 16 theme active 502:507 arg1 mixture 553:559 a mixture 551:559 a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591) 551:628 The pellet cores, intended for coating with ethylcellulose, were prepared consisting of four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000, respectively. 25354740 3 16 theme active 502:507 arg1 macrogol 682:689 macrogol 6000 682:694 macrogol 6000 682:694 The pellet cores, intended for coating with ethylcellulose, were prepared consisting of four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000, respectively. 25354740 2 17 theme estimated 362:370 arg1 effect 372:377 the maximum estimated effect 350:377 the maximum estimated effect of antidiabetics 350:394 The risk of hypoglycemic conditions can be managed by a coated pellet dosage form, which can release glucose in a delayed regime to achieve the maximum estimated effect of antidiabetics. 25354740 0 18 theme diabetes 93:100 arg1 patients 102:109 diabetes patients 93:109 diabetes patients 93:109 Formulation of cores for the controlled release of glucose for prevention of hypoglycemia in diabetes patients. 25354740 6 19 theme pellet 979:984 arg1 samples 986:992 All pellet samples 975:992 All pellet samples 975:992 All pellet samples had satisfactory mechanical and flow properties required for the coating process. 25354740 2 20 theme maximum 354:360 arg1 effect 372:377 the maximum estimated effect 350:377 the maximum estimated effect of antidiabetics 350:394 The risk of hypoglycemic conditions can be managed by a coated pellet dosage form, which can release glucose in a delayed regime to achieve the maximum estimated effect of antidiabetics. 25354740 7 21 theme glucose 1180:1186 arg1 PH 1204:1205 Avicel® PH 101 1196:1209 Avicel® PH 101 1196:1209 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 7 21 theme glucose 1180:1186 arg1 glucose 1180:1186 glucose 1180:1186 glucose 1180:1186 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 7 21 theme glucose 1180:1186 arg1 sodium 1242:1247 carboxymethyl starch sodium 1221:1247 carboxymethyl starch sodium 1221:1247 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 7 21 theme glucose 1180:1186 arg1 % 1191:1191 15% 1189:1191 15% of Avicel® PH 101 1189:1209 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 7 21 theme glucose 1180:1186 arg1 % 1216:1216 5% 1215:1216 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium 1215:1247 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 7 21 theme glucose 1180:1186 arg1 % 1175:1175 80% 1173:1175 80% of glucose 1173:1186 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 6 22 theme coating 1059:1065 arg1 process 1067:1073 the coating process 1055:1073 the coating process 1055:1073 All pellet samples had satisfactory mechanical and flow properties required for the coating process. 25354740 5 23 dep 75 928:929 arg1 to 925:926 to 925:926 to 925:926 The content of glucose in the pellet cores was increased from 45 to 75 or 80%, respectively, for all compositions. 25354740 7 24 theme highest 1080:1086 arg1 values 1088:1093 The highest values 1076:1093 The highest values of sphericity 1076:1107 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 7 25 theme particle 1269:1276 arg1 size 1278:1281 the higher mean particle size 1253:1281 the higher mean particle size 1253:1281 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 3 26 theme pellet 401:406 arg1 cores 408:412 The pellet cores 397:412 The pellet cores 397:412 The pellet cores, intended for coating with ethylcellulose, were prepared consisting of four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000, respectively. 25354740 5 27 theme glucose 875:881 arg1 content 864:870 The content 860:870 The content of glucose in the pellet cores 860:901 The content of glucose in the pellet cores was increased from 45 to 75 or 80%, respectively, for all compositions. 25354740 4 28 theme glucose 753:759 arg1 content 761:767 the glucose content 749:767 the glucose content in the pellets to minimize their volume 749:807 The aim of this study was to increase the glucose content in the pellets to minimize their volume and to improve the administration to the patients. 25354740 0 29 theme cores 15:19 arg1 Formulation 0:10 Formulation 0:10 Formulation of cores for the controlled release of glucose for prevention of hypoglycemia in diabetes patients. 0:110 Formulation of cores for the controlled release of glucose for prevention of hypoglycemia in diabetes patients. 25354740 2 30 theme dosage 280:285 arg1 form 287:290 a coated pellet dosage form 264:290 a coated pellet dosage form 264:290 The risk of hypoglycemic conditions can be managed by a coated pellet dosage form, which can release glucose in a delayed regime to achieve the maximum estimated effect of antidiabetics. 25354740 1 31 theme diabetes 191:198 arg1 mellitus 200:207 diabetes mellitus 191:207 diabetes mellitus 191:207 Hypoglycemic episodes are a frequent and serious complication in both types of diabetes mellitus. 25354740 0 32 theme controlled 29:38 arg1 release 40:46 the controlled release 25:46 the controlled release of glucose for prevention of hypoglycemia in diabetes patients 25:109 Formulation of cores for the controlled release of glucose for prevention of hypoglycemia in diabetes patients. 25354740 3 33 dep excipients 509:518 arg1 macrogol 682:689 macrogol 6000 682:694 macrogol 6000 682:694 The pellet cores, intended for coating with ethylcellulose, were prepared consisting of four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000, respectively. 25354740 3 33 dep excipients 509:518 arg1 Ac-Di-Sol® 538:547 Ac-Di-Sol® 538:547 Ac-Di-Sol® 538:547 The pellet cores, intended for coating with ethylcellulose, were prepared consisting of four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000, respectively. 25354740 3 33 dep excipients 509:518 arg1 sodium 652:657 carboxymethyl starch sodium 631:657 carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) 631:676 The pellet cores, intended for coating with ethylcellulose, were prepared consisting of four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000, respectively. 25354740 3 33 dep excipients 509:518 arg1 P 670:670 Vivastar® P 5000 660:675 Vivastar® P 5000 660:675 The pellet cores, intended for coating with ethylcellulose, were prepared consisting of four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000, respectively. 25354740 3 33 dep excipients 509:518 arg1 excipients 509:518 four osmotically active excipients 485:518 four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000 485:694 The pellet cores, intended for coating with ethylcellulose, were prepared consisting of four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000, respectively. 25354740 3 33 dep excipients 509:518 arg1 crosscarmellose 521:535 crosscarmellose 521:535 crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®) 521:548 The pellet cores, intended for coating with ethylcellulose, were prepared consisting of four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000, respectively. 25354740 3 33 dep excipients 509:518 arg1 mixture 553:559 a mixture 551:559 a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591) 551:628 The pellet cores, intended for coating with ethylcellulose, were prepared consisting of four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000, respectively. 25354740 0 34 from prevention 63:72 arg1 patients 102:109 diabetes patients 93:109 diabetes patients 93:109 Formulation of cores for the controlled release of glucose for prevention of hypoglycemia in diabetes patients. 25354740 2 35 theme hypoglycemic 222:233 arg1 conditions 235:244 hypoglycemic conditions 222:244 hypoglycemic conditions 222:244 The risk of hypoglycemic conditions can be managed by a coated pellet dosage form, which can release glucose in a delayed regime to achieve the maximum estimated effect of antidiabetics. 25354740 7 36 theme Avicel® 1196:1202 arg1 PH 1204:1205 Avicel® PH 101 1196:1209 Avicel® PH 101 1196:1209 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 1 37 theme mellitus 200:207 arg1 types 182:186 both types 177:186 both types of diabetes mellitus 177:207 Hypoglycemic episodes are a frequent and serious complication in both types of diabetes mellitus. 25354740 7 38 theme PH 1204:1205 arg1 PH 1204:1205 Avicel® PH 101 1196:1209 Avicel® PH 101 1196:1209 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 7 38 theme PH 1204:1205 arg1 glucose 1180:1186 glucose 1180:1186 glucose 1180:1186 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 7 38 theme PH 1204:1205 arg1 sodium 1242:1247 carboxymethyl starch sodium 1221:1247 carboxymethyl starch sodium 1221:1247 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 7 38 theme PH 1204:1205 arg1 % 1191:1191 15% 1189:1191 15% of Avicel® PH 101 1189:1209 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 7 38 theme PH 1204:1205 arg1 % 1216:1216 5% 1215:1216 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium 1215:1247 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 7 38 theme PH 1204:1205 arg1 % 1175:1175 80% 1173:1175 80% of glucose 1173:1186 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 3 39 theme microcrystalline 564:579 arg1 cellulose 581:589 microcrystalline cellulose 564:589 microcrystalline cellulose 564:589 The pellet cores, intended for coating with ethylcellulose, were prepared consisting of four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000, respectively. 25354740 7 40 theme sphericity 1098:1107 arg1 values 1088:1093 The highest values 1076:1093 The highest values of sphericity 1076:1107 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 3 41 theme Avicel® 614:620 arg1 RC 622:623 Avicel® RC 591 614:627 Avicel® RC 591 614:627 The pellet cores, intended for coating with ethylcellulose, were prepared consisting of four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000, respectively. 25354740 3 41 theme Avicel® 614:620 arg1 sodium 606:611 carmellose sodium 595:611 carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591) 595:628 The pellet cores, intended for coating with ethylcellulose, were prepared consisting of four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000, respectively. 25354740 7 42 theme carboxymethyl 1221:1233 arg1 sodium 1242:1247 carboxymethyl starch sodium 1221:1247 carboxymethyl starch sodium 1221:1247 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 4 43 from content 761:767 arg1 pellets 776:782 the pellets 772:782 the pellets 772:782 The aim of this study was to increase the glucose content in the pellets to minimize their volume and to improve the administration to the patients. 25354740 3 44 theme carboxymethyl 631:643 arg1 sodium 652:657 carboxymethyl starch sodium 631:657 carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) 631:676 The pellet cores, intended for coating with ethylcellulose, were prepared consisting of four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000, respectively. 25354740 3 44 theme carboxymethyl 631:643 arg1 P 670:670 Vivastar® P 5000 660:675 Vivastar® P 5000 660:675 The pellet cores, intended for coating with ethylcellulose, were prepared consisting of four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000, respectively. 25354740 3 44 theme carboxymethyl 631:643 arg1 excipients 509:518 four osmotically active excipients 485:518 four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000 485:694 The pellet cores, intended for coating with ethylcellulose, were prepared consisting of four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000, respectively. 25354740 7 45 theme starch 1235:1240 arg1 sodium 1242:1247 carboxymethyl starch sodium 1221:1247 carboxymethyl starch sodium 1221:1247 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 1 46 theme Hypoglycemic 112:123 arg1 episodes 125:132 Hypoglycemic episodes 112:132 Hypoglycemic episodes 112:132 Hypoglycemic episodes are a frequent and serious complication in both types of diabetes mellitus. 25354740 1 46 theme Hypoglycemic 112:123 arg1 complication 161:172 a frequent and serious complication 138:172 a frequent and serious complication in both types of diabetes mellitus 138:207 Hypoglycemic episodes are a frequent and serious complication in both types of diabetes mellitus. 25354740 7 47 contain containing 1290:1299 arg2 glucose 1308:1314 glucose 1308:1314 glucose 1308:1314 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 7 47 contain containing 1290:1299 arg2 % 1303:1303 75% 1301:1303 75% of glucose 1301:1314 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 7 47 contain containing 1290:1299 arg2 % 1322:1322 25% 1320:1322 25% of Avicel® RC 591 1320:1340 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 7 47 contain containing 1290:1299 arg1 sample 1155:1160 the lower mean particle size sample 1126:1160 the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium 1126:1247 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 7 47 contain containing 1290:1299 arg2 RC 1335:1336 Avicel® RC 591 1327:1340 Avicel® RC 591 1327:1340 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 3 48 theme starch 645:650 arg1 sodium 652:657 carboxymethyl starch sodium 631:657 carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) 631:676 The pellet cores, intended for coating with ethylcellulose, were prepared consisting of four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000, respectively. 25354740 3 48 theme starch 645:650 arg1 P 670:670 Vivastar® P 5000 660:675 Vivastar® P 5000 660:675 The pellet cores, intended for coating with ethylcellulose, were prepared consisting of four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000, respectively. 25354740 3 48 theme starch 645:650 arg1 excipients 509:518 four osmotically active excipients 485:518 four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000 485:694 The pellet cores, intended for coating with ethylcellulose, were prepared consisting of four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000, respectively. 25354740 3 49 theme carmellose 595:604 arg1 RC 622:623 Avicel® RC 591 614:627 Avicel® RC 591 614:627 The pellet cores, intended for coating with ethylcellulose, were prepared consisting of four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000, respectively. 25354740 3 49 theme carmellose 595:604 arg1 sodium 606:611 carmellose sodium 595:611 carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591) 595:628 The pellet cores, intended for coating with ethylcellulose, were prepared consisting of four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000, respectively. 25354740 6 50 contain had 994:996 arg2 properties 1031:1040 satisfactory mechanical and flow properties 998:1040 properties 1031:1040 All pellet samples had satisfactory mechanical and flow properties required for the coating process. 25354740 6 50 contain had 994:996 arg1 samples 986:992 All pellet samples 975:992 All pellet samples 975:992 All pellet samples had satisfactory mechanical and flow properties required for the coating process. 25354740 6 50 contain had 994:996 arg2 mechanical 1011:1020 mechanical 1011:1020 mechanical 1011:1020 All pellet samples had satisfactory mechanical and flow properties required for the coating process. 25354740 3 51 theme sodium 606:611 arg1 macrogol 682:689 macrogol 6000 682:694 macrogol 6000 682:694 The pellet cores, intended for coating with ethylcellulose, were prepared consisting of four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000, respectively. 25354740 3 51 theme sodium 606:611 arg1 Ac-Di-Sol® 538:547 Ac-Di-Sol® 538:547 Ac-Di-Sol® 538:547 The pellet cores, intended for coating with ethylcellulose, were prepared consisting of four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000, respectively. 25354740 3 51 theme sodium 606:611 arg1 sodium 652:657 carboxymethyl starch sodium 631:657 carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) 631:676 The pellet cores, intended for coating with ethylcellulose, were prepared consisting of four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000, respectively. 25354740 3 51 theme sodium 606:611 arg1 P 670:670 Vivastar® P 5000 660:675 Vivastar® P 5000 660:675 The pellet cores, intended for coating with ethylcellulose, were prepared consisting of four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000, respectively. 25354740 3 51 theme sodium 606:611 arg1 excipients 509:518 four osmotically active excipients 485:518 four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000 485:694 The pellet cores, intended for coating with ethylcellulose, were prepared consisting of four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000, respectively. 25354740 3 51 theme sodium 606:611 arg1 crosscarmellose 521:535 crosscarmellose 521:535 crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®) 521:548 The pellet cores, intended for coating with ethylcellulose, were prepared consisting of four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000, respectively. 25354740 3 51 theme sodium 606:611 arg1 mixture 553:559 a mixture 551:559 a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591) 551:628 The pellet cores, intended for coating with ethylcellulose, were prepared consisting of four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000, respectively. 25354740 7 52 theme sodium 1242:1247 arg1 PH 1204:1205 Avicel® PH 101 1196:1209 Avicel® PH 101 1196:1209 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 7 52 theme sodium 1242:1247 arg1 glucose 1180:1186 glucose 1180:1186 glucose 1180:1186 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 7 52 theme sodium 1242:1247 arg1 sodium 1242:1247 carboxymethyl starch sodium 1221:1247 carboxymethyl starch sodium 1221:1247 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 7 52 theme sodium 1242:1247 arg1 % 1191:1191 15% 1189:1191 15% of Avicel® PH 101 1189:1209 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 7 52 theme sodium 1242:1247 arg1 % 1216:1216 5% 1215:1216 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium 1215:1247 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 7 52 theme sodium 1242:1247 arg1 % 1175:1175 80% 1173:1175 80% of glucose 1173:1186 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 5 53 from content 864:870 arg1 cores 897:901 the pellet cores 886:901 the pellet cores 886:901 The content of glucose in the pellet cores was increased from 45 to 75 or 80%, respectively, for all compositions. 25354740 7 54 dep sample 1155:1160 arg1 sample 1283:1288 sample 1283:1288 sample 1283:1288 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 3 55 theme cellulose 581:589 arg1 macrogol 682:689 macrogol 6000 682:694 macrogol 6000 682:694 The pellet cores, intended for coating with ethylcellulose, were prepared consisting of four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000, respectively. 25354740 3 55 theme cellulose 581:589 arg1 Ac-Di-Sol® 538:547 Ac-Di-Sol® 538:547 Ac-Di-Sol® 538:547 The pellet cores, intended for coating with ethylcellulose, were prepared consisting of four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000, respectively. 25354740 3 55 theme cellulose 581:589 arg1 sodium 652:657 carboxymethyl starch sodium 631:657 carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) 631:676 The pellet cores, intended for coating with ethylcellulose, were prepared consisting of four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000, respectively. 25354740 3 55 theme cellulose 581:589 arg1 P 670:670 Vivastar® P 5000 660:675 Vivastar® P 5000 660:675 The pellet cores, intended for coating with ethylcellulose, were prepared consisting of four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000, respectively. 25354740 3 55 theme cellulose 581:589 arg1 excipients 509:518 four osmotically active excipients 485:518 four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000 485:694 The pellet cores, intended for coating with ethylcellulose, were prepared consisting of four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000, respectively. 25354740 3 55 theme cellulose 581:589 arg1 crosscarmellose 521:535 crosscarmellose 521:535 crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®) 521:548 The pellet cores, intended for coating with ethylcellulose, were prepared consisting of four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000, respectively. 25354740 3 55 theme cellulose 581:589 arg1 mixture 553:559 a mixture 551:559 a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591) 551:628 The pellet cores, intended for coating with ethylcellulose, were prepared consisting of four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000, respectively. 25354740 7 56 theme size 1150:1153 arg1 sample 1155:1160 the lower mean particle size sample 1126:1160 the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium 1126:1247 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 7 57 theme lower 1130:1134 arg1 size 1150:1153 the lower mean particle size 1126:1153 the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium 1126:1247 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25354740 0 58 theme glucose 51:57 arg1 release 40:46 the controlled release 25:46 the controlled release of glucose for prevention of hypoglycemia in diabetes patients 25:109 Formulation of cores for the controlled release of glucose for prevention of hypoglycemia in diabetes patients. 25354740 3 59 theme Vivastar® 660:668 arg1 sodium 652:657 carboxymethyl starch sodium 631:657 carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) 631:676 The pellet cores, intended for coating with ethylcellulose, were prepared consisting of four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000, respectively. 25354740 3 59 theme Vivastar® 660:668 arg1 P 670:670 Vivastar® P 5000 660:675 Vivastar® P 5000 660:675 The pellet cores, intended for coating with ethylcellulose, were prepared consisting of four osmotically active excipients: crosscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol®), a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethyl starch sodium (Vivastar® P 5000) and macrogol 6000, respectively. 25354740 2 60 theme conditions 235:244 arg1 risk 214:217 The risk 210:217 The risk of hypoglycemic conditions 210:244 The risk of hypoglycemic conditions can be managed by a coated pellet dosage form, which can release glucose in a delayed regime to achieve the maximum estimated effect of antidiabetics. 25354740 1 61 from complication 161:172 arg1 types 182:186 both types 177:186 both types of diabetes mellitus 177:207 Hypoglycemic episodes are a frequent and serious complication in both types of diabetes mellitus. 25354740 1 62 theme frequent 140:147 arg1 episodes 125:132 Hypoglycemic episodes 112:132 Hypoglycemic episodes 112:132 Hypoglycemic episodes are a frequent and serious complication in both types of diabetes mellitus. 25354740 1 62 theme frequent 140:147 arg1 complication 161:172 a frequent and serious complication 138:172 a frequent and serious complication in both types of diabetes mellitus 138:207 Hypoglycemic episodes are a frequent and serious complication in both types of diabetes mellitus. 25354740 7 63 theme mean 1136:1139 arg1 size 1150:1153 the lower mean particle size 1126:1153 the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium 1126:1247 The highest values of sphericity were achieved in the lower mean particle size sample containing 80% of glucose, 15% of Avicel® PH 101 and 5% of carboxymethyl starch sodium and the higher mean particle size sample containing 75% of glucose and 25% of Avicel® RC 591. 25727746 4 0 theme salt 750:753 arg1 role 738:741 the important plasticizing role 711:741 the important plasticizing role of the salt 711:753 Mixtures of urea and agar prepared at a mass ratio of 1:5 did not form homogeneous films suggesting the important plasticizing role of the salt. 25727746 5 1 theme higher 884:889 arg1 values 891:896 higher values 884:896 higher values of TS 884:902 Heat-pressing the mixtures at more draconian conditions led to much darker and opaque films, with better mechanical resistance (higher values of TS). 25727746 4 2 theme 1:5 665:667 arg1 ratio 656:660 a mass ratio 649:660 a mass ratio of 1:5 649:667 Mixtures of urea and agar prepared at a mass ratio of 1:5 did not form homogeneous films suggesting the important plasticizing role of the salt. 25727746 7 3 dep values 1071:1076 arg1 Pa 1136:1137 ∼ 2.5-3.7 × 10(-9)gm(-1)s(-1)Pa 1107:1137 ∼ 2.5-3.7 × 10(-9)gm(-1)s(-1)Pa(-1) 1107:1141 Selected films, including the optimal, showed similar water sorption profiles and close values of water vapor permeability (∼ 2.5-3.7 × 10(-9)gm(-1)s(-1)Pa(-1)). 25727746 7 3 dep values 1071:1076 arg1 -1 1139:1140 -1 1139:1140 -1 1139:1140 Selected films, including the optimal, showed similar water sorption profiles and close values of water vapor permeability (∼ 2.5-3.7 × 10(-9)gm(-1)s(-1)Pa(-1)). 25727746 8 4 theme additional 1231:1240 arg1 plasticization 1248:1261 additional water plasticization 1231:1261 additional water plasticization 1231:1261 The fracture behavior and mechanical properties of the films were greatly affected by additional water plasticization when the films were stored at different conditions of relative humidity. 25727746 3 5 dep temperature 471:481 arg1 X1 484:485 X1 484:485 X1; °C 484:489 A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three parameters, 2(3), was used to evaluate the effects of temperature (X1; °C), time (X2; min) and applied load (X3; kN) of heat-pressing on the maximum tensile strength (TS) of the films (Y; MPa). 25727746 4 6 theme mass 651:654 arg1 ratio 656:660 a mass ratio 649:660 a mass ratio of 1:5 649:667 Mixtures of urea and agar prepared at a mass ratio of 1:5 did not form homogeneous films suggesting the important plasticizing role of the salt. 25727746 7 7 theme close 1065:1069 arg1 values 1071:1076 close values 1065:1076 close values of water vapor permeability (∼ 2.5-3.7 × 10(-9)gm(-1)s(-1)Pa(-1)) 1065:1142 Selected films, including the optimal, showed similar water sorption profiles and close values of water vapor permeability (∼ 2.5-3.7 × 10(-9)gm(-1)s(-1)Pa(-1)). 25727746 8 8 theme different 1293:1301 arg1 conditions 1303:1312 different conditions 1293:1312 different conditions of relative humidity 1293:1333 The fracture behavior and mechanical properties of the films were greatly affected by additional water plasticization when the films were stored at different conditions of relative humidity. 25727746 3 9 dep load 520:523 arg1 X3 526:527 X3 526:527 X3; kN 526:531 A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three parameters, 2(3), was used to evaluate the effects of temperature (X1; °C), time (X2; min) and applied load (X3; kN) of heat-pressing on the maximum tensile strength (TS) of the films (Y; MPa). 25727746 7 10 theme gm 1125:1126 arg1 Pa 1136:1137 ∼ 2.5-3.7 × 10(-9)gm(-1)s(-1)Pa 1107:1137 ∼ 2.5-3.7 × 10(-9)gm(-1)s(-1)Pa(-1) 1107:1141 Selected films, including the optimal, showed similar water sorption profiles and close values of water vapor permeability (∼ 2.5-3.7 × 10(-9)gm(-1)s(-1)Pa(-1)). 25727746 7 10 theme gm 1125:1126 arg1 -1 1139:1140 -1 1139:1140 -1 1139:1140 Selected films, including the optimal, showed similar water sorption profiles and close values of water vapor permeability (∼ 2.5-3.7 × 10(-9)gm(-1)s(-1)Pa(-1)). 25727746 8 11 theme relative 1317:1324 arg1 humidity 1326:1333 relative humidity 1317:1333 relative humidity 1317:1333 The fracture behavior and mechanical properties of the films were greatly affected by additional water plasticization when the films were stored at different conditions of relative humidity. 25727746 8 12 theme water 1242:1246 arg1 plasticization 1248:1261 additional water plasticization 1231:1261 additional water plasticization 1231:1261 The fracture behavior and mechanical properties of the films were greatly affected by additional water plasticization when the films were stored at different conditions of relative humidity. 25727746 4 13 theme plasticizing 725:736 arg1 role 738:741 the important plasticizing role 711:741 the important plasticizing role of the salt 711:753 Mixtures of urea and agar prepared at a mass ratio of 1:5 did not form homogeneous films suggesting the important plasticizing role of the salt. 25727746 5 14 theme better 854:859 arg1 resistance 872:881 better mechanical resistance 854:881 better mechanical resistance (higher values of TS) 854:903 Heat-pressing the mixtures at more draconian conditions led to much darker and opaque films, with better mechanical resistance (higher values of TS). 25727746 4 15 theme urea 623:626 arg1 Mixtures 611:618 Mixtures 611:618 Mixtures of urea and agar prepared at a mass ratio of 1:5 611:667 Mixtures of urea and agar prepared at a mass ratio of 1:5 did not form homogeneous films suggesting the important plasticizing role of the salt. 25727746 1 16 theme Agar 77:80 arg1 films 82:86 Agar films 77:86 Agar films 77:86 Agar films were produced by thermo-compression using choline chloride (ChCl) as a plasticizer with urea. 25727746 2 17 dep salt 238:241 arg1 the 234:236 the 234:236 the 234:236 The three solid components were mixed together with the salt and urea (minor components) added to agar (main component) according to a fixed mass ratio of, respectively, 1.16:1:5. 25727746 4 18 theme important 715:723 arg1 role 738:741 the important plasticizing role 711:741 the important plasticizing role of the salt 711:753 Mixtures of urea and agar prepared at a mass ratio of 1:5 did not form homogeneous films suggesting the important plasticizing role of the salt. 25727746 5 19 theme mechanical 861:870 arg1 resistance 872:881 better mechanical resistance 854:881 better mechanical resistance (higher values of TS) 854:903 Heat-pressing the mixtures at more draconian conditions led to much darker and opaque films, with better mechanical resistance (higher values of TS). 25727746 7 20 theme × 1117:1117 arg1 Pa 1136:1137 ∼ 2.5-3.7 × 10(-9)gm(-1)s(-1)Pa 1107:1137 ∼ 2.5-3.7 × 10(-9)gm(-1)s(-1)Pa(-1) 1107:1141 Selected films, including the optimal, showed similar water sorption profiles and close values of water vapor permeability (∼ 2.5-3.7 × 10(-9)gm(-1)s(-1)Pa(-1)). 25727746 7 20 theme × 1117:1117 arg1 -1 1139:1140 -1 1139:1140 -1 1139:1140 Selected films, including the optimal, showed similar water sorption profiles and close values of water vapor permeability (∼ 2.5-3.7 × 10(-9)gm(-1)s(-1)Pa(-1)). 25727746 3 21 dep X1 484:485 arg1 °C 488:489 °C 488:489 X1; °C 484:489 A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three parameters, 2(3), was used to evaluate the effects of temperature (X1; °C), time (X2; min) and applied load (X3; kN) of heat-pressing on the maximum tensile strength (TS) of the films (Y; MPa). 25727746 3 22 theme heat-pressing 537:549 arg1 time 493:496 time 493:496 time (X2; min) 493:506 A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three parameters, 2(3), was used to evaluate the effects of temperature (X1; °C), time (X2; min) and applied load (X3; kN) of heat-pressing on the maximum tensile strength (TS) of the films (Y; MPa). 25727746 3 22 theme heat-pressing 537:549 arg1 load 520:523 applied load 512:523 applied load (X3; kN) of heat-pressing 512:549 A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three parameters, 2(3), was used to evaluate the effects of temperature (X1; °C), time (X2; min) and applied load (X3; kN) of heat-pressing on the maximum tensile strength (TS) of the films (Y; MPa). 25727746 3 22 theme heat-pressing 537:549 arg1 temperature 471:481 temperature 471:481 temperature (X1; °C) 471:490 A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three parameters, 2(3), was used to evaluate the effects of temperature (X1; °C), time (X2; min) and applied load (X3; kN) of heat-pressing on the maximum tensile strength (TS) of the films (Y; MPa). 25727746 4 23 theme agar 632:635 arg1 Mixtures 611:618 Mixtures 611:618 Mixtures of urea and agar prepared at a mass ratio of 1:5 611:667 Mixtures of urea and agar prepared at a mass ratio of 1:5 did not form homogeneous films suggesting the important plasticizing role of the salt. 25727746 8 24 theme fracture 1149:1156 arg1 behavior 1158:1165 fracture behavior 1149:1165 fracture behavior 1149:1165 The fracture behavior and mechanical properties of the films were greatly affected by additional water plasticization when the films were stored at different conditions of relative humidity. 25727746 8 25 theme humidity 1326:1333 arg1 conditions 1303:1312 different conditions 1293:1312 different conditions of relative humidity 1293:1333 The fracture behavior and mechanical properties of the films were greatly affected by additional water plasticization when the films were stored at different conditions of relative humidity. 25727746 3 26 theme central 364:370 arg1 CCRD 400:403 CCRD 400:403 CCRD 400:403 A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three parameters, 2(3), was used to evaluate the effects of temperature (X1; °C), time (X2; min) and applied load (X3; kN) of heat-pressing on the maximum tensile strength (TS) of the films (Y; MPa). 25727746 3 26 theme central 364:370 arg1 design 392:397 A central composite rotatable design 362:397 A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three parameters, 2(3), 362:433 A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three parameters, 2(3), was used to evaluate the effects of temperature (X1; °C), time (X2; min) and applied load (X3; kN) of heat-pressing on the maximum tensile strength (TS) of the films (Y; MPa). 25727746 0 27 theme Alternative 0:10 arg1 plasticizers 12:23 Alternative plasticizers 0:23 Alternative plasticizers for the production of thermo-compressed agar films 0:74 Alternative plasticizers for the production of thermo-compressed agar films. 25727746 3 28 dep X3 526:527 arg1 kN 530:531 kN 530:531 X3; kN 526:531 A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three parameters, 2(3), was used to evaluate the effects of temperature (X1; °C), time (X2; min) and applied load (X3; kN) of heat-pressing on the maximum tensile strength (TS) of the films (Y; MPa). 25727746 5 29 theme darker 824:829 arg1 films 842:846 much darker and opaque films 819:846 much darker and opaque films 819:846 Heat-pressing the mixtures at more draconian conditions led to much darker and opaque films, with better mechanical resistance (higher values of TS). 25727746 3 30 theme temperature 471:481 arg1 effects 460:466 the effects 456:466 the effects of temperature (X1; °C), time (X2; min) and applied load (X3; kN) of heat-pressing on the maximum tensile strength (TS) of the films (Y; MPa) 456:608 A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three parameters, 2(3), was used to evaluate the effects of temperature (X1; °C), time (X2; min) and applied load (X3; kN) of heat-pressing on the maximum tensile strength (TS) of the films (Y; MPa). 25727746 3 31 theme composite 372:380 arg1 CCRD 400:403 CCRD 400:403 CCRD 400:403 A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three parameters, 2(3), was used to evaluate the effects of temperature (X1; °C), time (X2; min) and applied load (X3; kN) of heat-pressing on the maximum tensile strength (TS) of the films (Y; MPa). 25727746 3 31 theme composite 372:380 arg1 design 392:397 A central composite rotatable design 362:397 A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three parameters, 2(3), 362:433 A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three parameters, 2(3), was used to evaluate the effects of temperature (X1; °C), time (X2; min) and applied load (X3; kN) of heat-pressing on the maximum tensile strength (TS) of the films (Y; MPa). 25727746 7 32 theme vapor 1087:1091 arg1 permeability 1093:1104 water vapor permeability 1081:1104 water vapor permeability 1081:1104 Selected films, including the optimal, showed similar water sorption profiles and close values of water vapor permeability (∼ 2.5-3.7 × 10(-9)gm(-1)s(-1)Pa(-1)). 25727746 7 33 theme ∼ 1107:1107 arg1 Pa 1136:1137 ∼ 2.5-3.7 × 10(-9)gm(-1)s(-1)Pa 1107:1137 ∼ 2.5-3.7 × 10(-9)gm(-1)s(-1)Pa(-1) 1107:1141 Selected films, including the optimal, showed similar water sorption profiles and close values of water vapor permeability (∼ 2.5-3.7 × 10(-9)gm(-1)s(-1)Pa(-1)). 25727746 7 33 theme ∼ 1107:1107 arg1 -1 1139:1140 -1 1139:1140 -1 1139:1140 Selected films, including the optimal, showed similar water sorption profiles and close values of water vapor permeability (∼ 2.5-3.7 × 10(-9)gm(-1)s(-1)Pa(-1)). 25727746 3 34 theme maximum 558:564 arg1 strength 574:581 the maximum tensile strength 554:581 the maximum tensile strength (TS) of the films (Y; MPa) 554:608 A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three parameters, 2(3), was used to evaluate the effects of temperature (X1; °C), time (X2; min) and applied load (X3; kN) of heat-pressing on the maximum tensile strength (TS) of the films (Y; MPa). 25727746 3 34 theme maximum 558:564 arg1 TS 584:585 TS 584:585 TS 584:585 A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three parameters, 2(3), was used to evaluate the effects of temperature (X1; °C), time (X2; min) and applied load (X3; kN) of heat-pressing on the maximum tensile strength (TS) of the films (Y; MPa). 25727746 2 35 theme minor 253:257 arg1 components 259:268 minor components 253:268 minor components 253:268 The three solid components were mixed together with the salt and urea (minor components) added to agar (main component) according to a fixed mass ratio of, respectively, 1.16:1:5. 25727746 2 35 theme minor 253:257 arg1 salt 238:241 salt 238:241 salt 238:241 The three solid components were mixed together with the salt and urea (minor components) added to agar (main component) according to a fixed mass ratio of, respectively, 1.16:1:5. 25727746 7 36 theme permeability 1093:1104 arg1 profiles 1052:1059 similar water sorption profiles 1029:1059 similar water sorption profiles 1029:1059 Selected films, including the optimal, showed similar water sorption profiles and close values of water vapor permeability (∼ 2.5-3.7 × 10(-9)gm(-1)s(-1)Pa(-1)). 25727746 7 36 theme permeability 1093:1104 arg1 values 1071:1076 close values 1065:1076 close values of water vapor permeability (∼ 2.5-3.7 × 10(-9)gm(-1)s(-1)Pa(-1)) 1065:1142 Selected films, including the optimal, showed similar water sorption profiles and close values of water vapor permeability (∼ 2.5-3.7 × 10(-9)gm(-1)s(-1)Pa(-1)). 25727746 3 37 theme tensile 566:572 arg1 strength 574:581 the maximum tensile strength 554:581 the maximum tensile strength (TS) of the films (Y; MPa) 554:608 A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three parameters, 2(3), was used to evaluate the effects of temperature (X1; °C), time (X2; min) and applied load (X3; kN) of heat-pressing on the maximum tensile strength (TS) of the films (Y; MPa). 25727746 3 37 theme tensile 566:572 arg1 TS 584:585 TS 584:585 TS 584:585 A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three parameters, 2(3), was used to evaluate the effects of temperature (X1; °C), time (X2; min) and applied load (X3; kN) of heat-pressing on the maximum tensile strength (TS) of the films (Y; MPa). 25727746 5 38 theme opaque 835:840 arg1 films 842:846 much darker and opaque films 819:846 much darker and opaque films 819:846 Heat-pressing the mixtures at more draconian conditions led to much darker and opaque films, with better mechanical resistance (higher values of TS). 25727746 3 39 dep time 493:496 arg1 X2 499:500 X2 499:500 X2; min 499:505 A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three parameters, 2(3), was used to evaluate the effects of temperature (X1; °C), time (X2; min) and applied load (X3; kN) of heat-pressing on the maximum tensile strength (TS) of the films (Y; MPa). 25727746 3 40 used used 439:442 arg2 CCRD 400:403 CCRD 400:403 CCRD 400:403 A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three parameters, 2(3), was used to evaluate the effects of temperature (X1; °C), time (X2; min) and applied load (X3; kN) of heat-pressing on the maximum tensile strength (TS) of the films (Y; MPa). 25727746 3 40 used used 439:442 arg2 design 392:397 A central composite rotatable design 362:397 A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three parameters, 2(3), 362:433 A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three parameters, 2(3), was used to evaluate the effects of temperature (X1; °C), time (X2; min) and applied load (X3; kN) of heat-pressing on the maximum tensile strength (TS) of the films (Y; MPa). 25727746 5 41 theme TS 901:902 arg1 values 891:896 higher values 884:896 higher values of TS 884:902 Heat-pressing the mixtures at more draconian conditions led to much darker and opaque films, with better mechanical resistance (higher values of TS). 25727746 4 42 theme homogeneous 682:692 arg1 films 694:698 homogeneous films 682:698 homogeneous films 682:698 Mixtures of urea and agar prepared at a mass ratio of 1:5 did not form homogeneous films suggesting the important plasticizing role of the salt. 25727746 3 43 dep Y 602:602 arg1 MPa 605:607 MPa 605:607 Y; MPa 602:607 A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three parameters, 2(3), was used to evaluate the effects of temperature (X1; °C), time (X2; min) and applied load (X3; kN) of heat-pressing on the maximum tensile strength (TS) of the films (Y; MPa). 25727746 7 44 theme water 1081:1085 arg1 permeability 1093:1104 water vapor permeability 1081:1104 water vapor permeability 1081:1104 Selected films, including the optimal, showed similar water sorption profiles and close values of water vapor permeability (∼ 2.5-3.7 × 10(-9)gm(-1)s(-1)Pa(-1)). 25727746 0 45 theme agar 65:68 arg1 films 70:74 thermo-compressed agar films 47:74 thermo-compressed agar films 47:74 Alternative plasticizers for the production of thermo-compressed agar films. 25727746 5 46 dep resistance 872:881 arg1 values 891:896 higher values 884:896 higher values of TS 884:902 Heat-pressing the mixtures at more draconian conditions led to much darker and opaque films, with better mechanical resistance (higher values of TS). 25727746 3 47 theme rotatable 382:390 arg1 CCRD 400:403 CCRD 400:403 CCRD 400:403 A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three parameters, 2(3), was used to evaluate the effects of temperature (X1; °C), time (X2; min) and applied load (X3; kN) of heat-pressing on the maximum tensile strength (TS) of the films (Y; MPa). 25727746 3 47 theme rotatable 382:390 arg1 design 392:397 A central composite rotatable design 362:397 A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three parameters, 2(3), 362:433 A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three parameters, 2(3), was used to evaluate the effects of temperature (X1; °C), time (X2; min) and applied load (X3; kN) of heat-pressing on the maximum tensile strength (TS) of the films (Y; MPa). 25727746 5 48 theme draconian 791:799 arg1 conditions 801:810 more draconian conditions 786:810 more draconian conditions 786:810 Heat-pressing the mixtures at more draconian conditions led to much darker and opaque films, with better mechanical resistance (higher values of TS). 25727746 0 49 theme thermo-compressed 47:63 arg1 films 70:74 thermo-compressed agar films 47:74 thermo-compressed agar films 47:74 Alternative plasticizers for the production of thermo-compressed agar films. 25727746 3 50 theme load 520:523 arg1 effects 460:466 the effects 456:466 the effects of temperature (X1; °C), time (X2; min) and applied load (X3; kN) of heat-pressing on the maximum tensile strength (TS) of the films (Y; MPa) 456:608 A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three parameters, 2(3), was used to evaluate the effects of temperature (X1; °C), time (X2; min) and applied load (X3; kN) of heat-pressing on the maximum tensile strength (TS) of the films (Y; MPa). 25727746 8 51 dep behavior 1158:1165 arg1 The 1145:1147 The 1145:1147 The 1145:1147 The fracture behavior and mechanical properties of the films were greatly affected by additional water plasticization when the films were stored at different conditions of relative humidity. 25727746 7 52 theme similar 1029:1035 arg1 profiles 1052:1059 similar water sorption profiles 1029:1059 similar water sorption profiles 1029:1059 Selected films, including the optimal, showed similar water sorption profiles and close values of water vapor permeability (∼ 2.5-3.7 × 10(-9)gm(-1)s(-1)Pa(-1)). 25727746 1 53 theme choline 130:136 arg1 chloride 138:145 choline chloride 130:145 choline chloride (ChCl) 130:152 Agar films were produced by thermo-compression using choline chloride (ChCl) as a plasticizer with urea. 25727746 1 53 theme choline 130:136 arg1 plasticizer 159:169 a plasticizer 157:169 a plasticizer with urea 157:179 Agar films were produced by thermo-compression using choline chloride (ChCl) as a plasticizer with urea. 25727746 1 53 theme choline 130:136 arg1 ChCl 148:151 ChCl 148:151 ChCl 148:151 Agar films were produced by thermo-compression using choline chloride (ChCl) as a plasticizer with urea. 25727746 7 54 theme sorption 1043:1050 arg1 profiles 1052:1059 similar water sorption profiles 1029:1059 similar water sorption profiles 1029:1059 Selected films, including the optimal, showed similar water sorption profiles and close values of water vapor permeability (∼ 2.5-3.7 × 10(-9)gm(-1)s(-1)Pa(-1)). 25727746 1 55 with plasticizer 159:169 arg1 urea 176:179 urea 176:179 urea 176:179 Agar films were produced by thermo-compression using choline chloride (ChCl) as a plasticizer with urea. 25727746 2 56 theme solid 192:196 arg1 components 198:207 The three solid components 182:207 The three solid components 182:207 The three solid components were mixed together with the salt and urea (minor components) added to agar (main component) according to a fixed mass ratio of, respectively, 1.16:1:5. 25727746 3 57 theme time 493:496 arg1 effects 460:466 the effects 456:466 the effects of temperature (X1; °C), time (X2; min) and applied load (X3; kN) of heat-pressing on the maximum tensile strength (TS) of the films (Y; MPa) 456:608 A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three parameters, 2(3), was used to evaluate the effects of temperature (X1; °C), time (X2; min) and applied load (X3; kN) of heat-pressing on the maximum tensile strength (TS) of the films (Y; MPa). 25727746 3 58 from effects 460:466 arg1 strength 574:581 the maximum tensile strength 554:581 the maximum tensile strength (TS) of the films (Y; MPa) 554:608 A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three parameters, 2(3), was used to evaluate the effects of temperature (X1; °C), time (X2; min) and applied load (X3; kN) of heat-pressing on the maximum tensile strength (TS) of the films (Y; MPa). 25727746 3 58 from effects 460:466 arg1 TS 584:585 TS 584:585 TS 584:585 A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three parameters, 2(3), was used to evaluate the effects of temperature (X1; °C), time (X2; min) and applied load (X3; kN) of heat-pressing on the maximum tensile strength (TS) of the films (Y; MPa). 25727746 3 59 dep X2 499:500 arg1 min 503:505 min 503:505 X2; min 499:505 A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three parameters, 2(3), was used to evaluate the effects of temperature (X1; °C), time (X2; min) and applied load (X3; kN) of heat-pressing on the maximum tensile strength (TS) of the films (Y; MPa). 25727746 3 60 with design 392:397 arg1 2 429:429 2 429:429 2 429:429 A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three parameters, 2(3), was used to evaluate the effects of temperature (X1; °C), time (X2; min) and applied load (X3; kN) of heat-pressing on the maximum tensile strength (TS) of the films (Y; MPa). 25727746 3 60 with design 392:397 arg1 parameters 417:426 three parameters 411:426 three parameters 411:426 A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three parameters, 2(3), was used to evaluate the effects of temperature (X1; °C), time (X2; min) and applied load (X3; kN) of heat-pressing on the maximum tensile strength (TS) of the films (Y; MPa). 25727746 7 61 theme Selected 983:990 arg1 films 992:996 Selected films 983:996 Selected films 983:996 Selected films, including the optimal, showed similar water sorption profiles and close values of water vapor permeability (∼ 2.5-3.7 × 10(-9)gm(-1)s(-1)Pa(-1)). 25727746 7 61 theme Selected 983:990 arg1 optimal 1013:1019 optimal 1013:1019 optimal 1013:1019 Selected films, including the optimal, showed similar water sorption profiles and close values of water vapor permeability (∼ 2.5-3.7 × 10(-9)gm(-1)s(-1)Pa(-1)). 25727746 2 62 theme main 286:289 arg1 agar 280:283 agar 280:283 agar (main component) according to a fixed mass ratio of, respectively 280:349 The three solid components were mixed together with the salt and urea (minor components) added to agar (main component) according to a fixed mass ratio of, respectively, 1.16:1:5. 25727746 2 62 theme main 286:289 arg1 component 291:299 main component 286:299 main component 286:299 The three solid components were mixed together with the salt and urea (minor components) added to agar (main component) according to a fixed mass ratio of, respectively, 1.16:1:5. 25727746 8 63 theme films 1200:1204 arg1 behavior 1158:1165 fracture behavior 1149:1165 fracture behavior 1149:1165 The fracture behavior and mechanical properties of the films were greatly affected by additional water plasticization when the films were stored at different conditions of relative humidity. 25727746 8 63 theme films 1200:1204 arg1 properties 1182:1191 mechanical properties 1171:1191 mechanical properties 1171:1191 The fracture behavior and mechanical properties of the films were greatly affected by additional water plasticization when the films were stored at different conditions of relative humidity. 25727746 3 64 theme applied 512:518 arg1 load 520:523 applied load 512:523 applied load (X3; kN) of heat-pressing 512:549 A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three parameters, 2(3), was used to evaluate the effects of temperature (X1; °C), time (X2; min) and applied load (X3; kN) of heat-pressing on the maximum tensile strength (TS) of the films (Y; MPa). 25727746 7 65 theme water 1037:1041 arg1 profiles 1052:1059 similar water sorption profiles 1029:1059 similar water sorption profiles 1029:1059 Selected films, including the optimal, showed similar water sorption profiles and close values of water vapor permeability (∼ 2.5-3.7 × 10(-9)gm(-1)s(-1)Pa(-1)). 25727746 2 66 theme mass 323:326 arg1 ratio 328:332 a fixed mass ratio 315:332 a fixed mass ratio of 315:335 The three solid components were mixed together with the salt and urea (minor components) added to agar (main component) according to a fixed mass ratio of, respectively, 1.16:1:5. 25727746 6 67 theme resistant 915:923 arg1 MPa 936:938 ∼ 15 MPa 931:938 ∼ 15 MPa 931:938 The most resistant film (∼ 15 MPa) was obtained at 140°C, 20 min and 176 kN. 25727746 6 67 theme resistant 915:923 arg1 film 925:928 The most resistant film 906:928 The most resistant film (∼ 15 MPa) 906:939 The most resistant film (∼ 15 MPa) was obtained at 140°C, 20 min and 176 kN. 25727746 3 68 theme films 595:599 arg1 strength 574:581 the maximum tensile strength 554:581 the maximum tensile strength (TS) of the films (Y; MPa) 554:608 A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three parameters, 2(3), was used to evaluate the effects of temperature (X1; °C), time (X2; min) and applied load (X3; kN) of heat-pressing on the maximum tensile strength (TS) of the films (Y; MPa). 25727746 3 68 theme films 595:599 arg1 TS 584:585 TS 584:585 TS 584:585 A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three parameters, 2(3), was used to evaluate the effects of temperature (X1; °C), time (X2; min) and applied load (X3; kN) of heat-pressing on the maximum tensile strength (TS) of the films (Y; MPa). 25727746 0 69 theme films 70:74 arg1 production 33:42 the production 29:42 the production of thermo-compressed agar films 29:74 Alternative plasticizers for the production of thermo-compressed agar films. 25727746 7 70 theme s 1131:1131 arg1 Pa 1136:1137 ∼ 2.5-3.7 × 10(-9)gm(-1)s(-1)Pa 1107:1137 ∼ 2.5-3.7 × 10(-9)gm(-1)s(-1)Pa(-1) 1107:1141 Selected films, including the optimal, showed similar water sorption profiles and close values of water vapor permeability (∼ 2.5-3.7 × 10(-9)gm(-1)s(-1)Pa(-1)). 25727746 7 70 theme s 1131:1131 arg1 -1 1139:1140 -1 1139:1140 -1 1139:1140 Selected films, including the optimal, showed similar water sorption profiles and close values of water vapor permeability (∼ 2.5-3.7 × 10(-9)gm(-1)s(-1)Pa(-1)). 25727746 6 71 theme ∼ 931:931 arg1 MPa 936:938 ∼ 15 MPa 931:938 ∼ 15 MPa 931:938 The most resistant film (∼ 15 MPa) was obtained at 140°C, 20 min and 176 kN. 25727746 6 71 theme ∼ 931:931 arg1 film 925:928 The most resistant film 906:928 The most resistant film (∼ 15 MPa) 906:939 The most resistant film (∼ 15 MPa) was obtained at 140°C, 20 min and 176 kN. 25727746 2 72 theme fixed 317:321 arg1 ratio 328:332 a fixed mass ratio 315:332 a fixed mass ratio of 315:335 The three solid components were mixed together with the salt and urea (minor components) added to agar (main component) according to a fixed mass ratio of, respectively, 1.16:1:5. 25727746 8 73 theme mechanical 1171:1180 arg1 properties 1182:1191 mechanical properties 1171:1191 mechanical properties 1171:1191 The fracture behavior and mechanical properties of the films were greatly affected by additional water plasticization when the films were stored at different conditions of relative humidity. 28962755 4 0 theme aryl 947:950 arg1 acids 960:964 aryl boronic acids 947:964 aryl boronic acids 947:964 The resultant nano-magnetic cellulose composite exhibits remarkable catalytic efficacy used for Suzuki cross-coupling reaction between aryl halides and aryl boronic acids to create the corresponding coupling products in good to excellent yields. 28962755 6 1 theme appreciable 1209:1219 arg1 loss 1221:1224 no appreciable loss 1206:1224 no appreciable loss 1206:1224 Its recoverability and reusability for this catalyst was examined in several runs which showed no appreciable loss after five runs. 28962755 2 2 theme organic-inorganic 355:371 arg1 nanocomposite 380:392 the organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite 351:392 the organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite 351:392 The structure of the organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite has been confirmed using various physicochemical techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, TGA, VSM, XPS, HRTEM, SAED, SEM, CHNS, EDAS and ICP-OES. 28962755 7 3 theme other 1420:1424 arg1 accessibility 1254:1266 The facile accessibility 1243:1266 The facile accessibility to the starting materials, possible performance in large scales, and conducting the reactions in the eco-friendly and cost-effective conditions 1243:1410 The facile accessibility to the starting materials, possible performance in large scales, and conducting the reactions in the eco-friendly and cost-effective conditions are the other merits which can be mentioned for such new Pd -catalyst. 28962755 7 3 theme other 1420:1424 arg1 merits 1426:1431 the other merits 1416:1431 the other merits which can be mentioned for such new Pd -catalyst 1416:1480 The facile accessibility to the starting materials, possible performance in large scales, and conducting the reactions in the eco-friendly and cost-effective conditions are the other merits which can be mentioned for such new Pd -catalyst. 28962755 1 4 theme nano-magnetic 272:284 arg1 catalyst 286:293 amidoxime-functionalized cellulose nano-magnetic catalyst 237:293 amidoxime-functionalized cellulose nano-magnetic catalyst (nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd(II)) 237:318 A highly efficient and magnetically retrievable catalytic system involving Pd (II) acetate supported on amidoxime-functionalized cellulose nano-magnetic catalyst (nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd(II)) was prepared. 28962755 1 4 theme nano-magnetic 272:284 arg1 AOFC/Pd 307:313 nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd(II) 296:317 nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd(II) 296:317 A highly efficient and magnetically retrievable catalytic system involving Pd (II) acetate supported on amidoxime-functionalized cellulose nano-magnetic catalyst (nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd(II)) was prepared. 28962755 0 5 theme DFT 87:89 arg1 study 91:95 DFT study 87:95 DFT study 87:95 Palladium acetate supported on amidoxime-functionalized magnetic cellulose: Synthesis, DFT study and application in Suzuki reaction. 28962755 3 6 theme AOFC/Pd 630:636 arg1 composite 643:651 the nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd (II) composite 615:651 the nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd (II) composite 615:651 In addition, to describe and go insight to the metal-ligand interactions present in the nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd (II) composite, covalent and electrostatic interactions, density functional theory (DFT) model and quantum theory of atoms in molecule method were employed. 28962755 1 7 theme retrievable 169:179 arg1 system 191:196 A highly efficient and magnetically retrievable catalytic system 133:196 A highly efficient and magnetically retrievable catalytic system involving Pd (II) acetate supported on amidoxime-functionalized cellulose nano-magnetic catalyst (nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd(II)) 133:318 A highly efficient and magnetically retrievable catalytic system involving Pd (II) acetate supported on amidoxime-functionalized cellulose nano-magnetic catalyst (nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd(II)) was prepared. 28962755 4 8 theme excellent 1023:1031 arg1 yields 1033:1038 good to excellent yields 1015:1038 good to excellent yields 1015:1038 The resultant nano-magnetic cellulose composite exhibits remarkable catalytic efficacy used for Suzuki cross-coupling reaction between aryl halides and aryl boronic acids to create the corresponding coupling products in good to excellent yields. 28962755 4 9 theme cross-coupling 898:911 arg1 reaction 913:920 Suzuki cross-coupling reaction 891:920 Suzuki cross-coupling reaction between aryl halides and aryl boronic acids 891:964 The resultant nano-magnetic cellulose composite exhibits remarkable catalytic efficacy used for Suzuki cross-coupling reaction between aryl halides and aryl boronic acids to create the corresponding coupling products in good to excellent yields. 28962755 4 10 theme nano-magnetic 809:821 arg1 composite 833:841 The resultant nano-magnetic cellulose composite 795:841 The resultant nano-magnetic cellulose composite 795:841 The resultant nano-magnetic cellulose composite exhibits remarkable catalytic efficacy used for Suzuki cross-coupling reaction between aryl halides and aryl boronic acids to create the corresponding coupling products in good to excellent yields. 28962755 7 11 theme cost-effective 1386:1399 arg1 conditions 1401:1410 the eco-friendly and cost-effective conditions 1365:1410 the eco-friendly and cost-effective conditions 1365:1410 The facile accessibility to the starting materials, possible performance in large scales, and conducting the reactions in the eco-friendly and cost-effective conditions are the other merits which can be mentioned for such new Pd -catalyst. 28962755 4 12 theme Suzuki 891:896 arg1 reaction 913:920 Suzuki cross-coupling reaction 891:920 Suzuki cross-coupling reaction between aryl halides and aryl boronic acids 891:964 The resultant nano-magnetic cellulose composite exhibits remarkable catalytic efficacy used for Suzuki cross-coupling reaction between aryl halides and aryl boronic acids to create the corresponding coupling products in good to excellent yields. 28962755 3 13 theme covalent 654:661 arg1 interactions 681:692 covalent and electrostatic interactions 654:692 covalent and electrostatic interactions 654:692 In addition, to describe and go insight to the metal-ligand interactions present in the nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd (II) composite, covalent and electrostatic interactions, density functional theory (DFT) model and quantum theory of atoms in molecule method were employed. 28962755 3 13 theme covalent 654:661 arg1 theory 745:750 quantum theory 737:750 quantum theory 737:750 In addition, to describe and go insight to the metal-ligand interactions present in the nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd (II) composite, covalent and electrostatic interactions, density functional theory (DFT) model and quantum theory of atoms in molecule method were employed. 28962755 3 13 theme covalent 654:661 arg1 model 727:731 density functional theory (DFT) model 695:731 density functional theory (DFT) model 695:731 In addition, to describe and go insight to the metal-ligand interactions present in the nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd (II) composite, covalent and electrostatic interactions, density functional theory (DFT) model and quantum theory of atoms in molecule method were employed. 28962755 4 14 theme corresponding 980:992 arg1 products 1003:1010 the corresponding coupling products 976:1010 the corresponding coupling products in good to excellent yields 976:1038 The resultant nano-magnetic cellulose composite exhibits remarkable catalytic efficacy used for Suzuki cross-coupling reaction between aryl halides and aryl boronic acids to create the corresponding coupling products in good to excellent yields. 28962755 0 15 theme Suzuki 116:121 arg1 reaction 123:130 Suzuki reaction 116:130 Suzuki reaction 116:130 Palladium acetate supported on amidoxime-functionalized magnetic cellulose: Synthesis, DFT study and application in Suzuki reaction. 28962755 7 16 theme eco-friendly 1369:1380 arg1 conditions 1401:1410 the eco-friendly and cost-effective conditions 1365:1410 the eco-friendly and cost-effective conditions 1365:1410 The facile accessibility to the starting materials, possible performance in large scales, and conducting the reactions in the eco-friendly and cost-effective conditions are the other merits which can be mentioned for such new Pd -catalyst. 28962755 7 17 from performance 1304:1314 arg1 scales 1325:1330 large scales 1319:1330 large scales 1319:1330 The facile accessibility to the starting materials, possible performance in large scales, and conducting the reactions in the eco-friendly and cost-effective conditions are the other merits which can be mentioned for such new Pd -catalyst. 28962755 1 18 theme catalytic 181:189 arg1 system 191:196 A highly efficient and magnetically retrievable catalytic system 133:196 A highly efficient and magnetically retrievable catalytic system involving Pd (II) acetate supported on amidoxime-functionalized cellulose nano-magnetic catalyst (nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd(II)) 133:318 A highly efficient and magnetically retrievable catalytic system involving Pd (II) acetate supported on amidoxime-functionalized cellulose nano-magnetic catalyst (nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd(II)) was prepared. 28962755 3 19 from present 604:610 arg1 composite 643:651 the nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd (II) composite 615:651 the nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd (II) composite 615:651 In addition, to describe and go insight to the metal-ligand interactions present in the nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd (II) composite, covalent and electrostatic interactions, density functional theory (DFT) model and quantum theory of atoms in molecule method were employed. 28962755 3 20 attach present 604:610 arg1 composite 643:651 the nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd (II) composite 615:651 the nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd (II) composite 615:651 In addition, to describe and go insight to the metal-ligand interactions present in the nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd (II) composite, covalent and electrostatic interactions, density functional theory (DFT) model and quantum theory of atoms in molecule method were employed. 28962755 3 20 attach present 604:610 arg2 interactions 591:602 the metal-ligand interactions 574:602 the metal-ligand interactions present in the nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd (II) composite 574:651 In addition, to describe and go insight to the metal-ligand interactions present in the nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd (II) composite, covalent and electrostatic interactions, density functional theory (DFT) model and quantum theory of atoms in molecule method were employed. 28962755 3 21 from composite 643:651 arg1 present 604:610 present 604:610 present 604:610 In addition, to describe and go insight to the metal-ligand interactions present in the nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd (II) composite, covalent and electrostatic interactions, density functional theory (DFT) model and quantum theory of atoms in molecule method were employed. 28962755 4 22 from products 1003:1010 arg1 yields 1033:1038 good to excellent yields 1015:1038 good to excellent yields 1015:1038 The resultant nano-magnetic cellulose composite exhibits remarkable catalytic efficacy used for Suzuki cross-coupling reaction between aryl halides and aryl boronic acids to create the corresponding coupling products in good to excellent yields. 28962755 0 23 theme Palladium 0:8 arg1 acetate 10:16 Palladium acetate 0:16 Palladium acetate 0:16 Palladium acetate supported on amidoxime-functionalized magnetic cellulose: Synthesis, DFT study and application in Suzuki reaction. 28962755 1 24 theme @ 306:306 arg1 catalyst 286:293 amidoxime-functionalized cellulose nano-magnetic catalyst 237:293 amidoxime-functionalized cellulose nano-magnetic catalyst (nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd(II)) 237:318 A highly efficient and magnetically retrievable catalytic system involving Pd (II) acetate supported on amidoxime-functionalized cellulose nano-magnetic catalyst (nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd(II)) was prepared. 28962755 1 24 theme @ 306:306 arg1 AOFC/Pd 307:313 nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd(II) 296:317 nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd(II) 296:317 A highly efficient and magnetically retrievable catalytic system involving Pd (II) acetate supported on amidoxime-functionalized cellulose nano-magnetic catalyst (nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd(II)) was prepared. 28962755 7 25 theme such 1460:1463 arg1 -catalyst 1472:1480 such new Pd -catalyst 1460:1480 such new Pd -catalyst 1460:1480 The facile accessibility to the starting materials, possible performance in large scales, and conducting the reactions in the eco-friendly and cost-effective conditions are the other merits which can be mentioned for such new Pd -catalyst. 28962755 7 26 theme new 1465:1467 arg1 -catalyst 1472:1480 such new Pd -catalyst 1460:1480 such new Pd -catalyst 1460:1480 The facile accessibility to the starting materials, possible performance in large scales, and conducting the reactions in the eco-friendly and cost-effective conditions are the other merits which can be mentioned for such new Pd -catalyst. 28962755 4 27 theme resultant 799:807 arg1 composite 833:841 The resultant nano-magnetic cellulose composite 795:841 The resultant nano-magnetic cellulose composite 795:841 The resultant nano-magnetic cellulose composite exhibits remarkable catalytic efficacy used for Suzuki cross-coupling reaction between aryl halides and aryl boronic acids to create the corresponding coupling products in good to excellent yields. 28962755 1 28 theme Pd 208:209 arg1 acetate 216:222 Pd (II) acetate 208:222 Pd (II) acetate supported on amidoxime-functionalized cellulose nano-magnetic catalyst (nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd(II)) 208:318 A highly efficient and magnetically retrievable catalytic system involving Pd (II) acetate supported on amidoxime-functionalized cellulose nano-magnetic catalyst (nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd(II)) was prepared. 28962755 3 29 theme density 695:701 arg1 theory 714:719 density functional theory 695:719 density functional theory (DFT) model 695:731 In addition, to describe and go insight to the metal-ligand interactions present in the nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd (II) composite, covalent and electrostatic interactions, density functional theory (DFT) model and quantum theory of atoms in molecule method were employed. 28962755 3 29 theme density 695:701 arg1 DFT 722:724 DFT 722:724 DFT 722:724 In addition, to describe and go insight to the metal-ligand interactions present in the nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd (II) composite, covalent and electrostatic interactions, density functional theory (DFT) model and quantum theory of atoms in molecule method were employed. 28962755 4 30 dep yields 1033:1038 arg1 to 1020:1021 to 1020:1021 to 1020:1021 The resultant nano-magnetic cellulose composite exhibits remarkable catalytic efficacy used for Suzuki cross-coupling reaction between aryl halides and aryl boronic acids to create the corresponding coupling products in good to excellent yields. 28962755 4 31 theme coupling 994:1001 arg1 products 1003:1010 the corresponding coupling products 976:1010 the corresponding coupling products in good to excellent yields 976:1038 The resultant nano-magnetic cellulose composite exhibits remarkable catalytic efficacy used for Suzuki cross-coupling reaction between aryl halides and aryl boronic acids to create the corresponding coupling products in good to excellent yields. 28962755 3 32 theme electrostatic 667:679 arg1 interactions 681:692 covalent and electrostatic interactions 654:692 covalent and electrostatic interactions 654:692 In addition, to describe and go insight to the metal-ligand interactions present in the nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd (II) composite, covalent and electrostatic interactions, density functional theory (DFT) model and quantum theory of atoms in molecule method were employed. 28962755 3 32 theme electrostatic 667:679 arg1 theory 745:750 quantum theory 737:750 quantum theory 737:750 In addition, to describe and go insight to the metal-ligand interactions present in the nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd (II) composite, covalent and electrostatic interactions, density functional theory (DFT) model and quantum theory of atoms in molecule method were employed. 28962755 3 32 theme electrostatic 667:679 arg1 model 727:731 density functional theory (DFT) model 695:731 density functional theory (DFT) model 695:731 In addition, to describe and go insight to the metal-ligand interactions present in the nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd (II) composite, covalent and electrostatic interactions, density functional theory (DFT) model and quantum theory of atoms in molecule method were employed. 28962755 4 33 theme catalytic 863:871 arg1 efficacy 873:880 remarkable catalytic efficacy 852:880 remarkable catalytic efficacy used for Suzuki cross-coupling reaction between aryl halides and aryl boronic acids to create the corresponding coupling products in good to excellent yields 852:1038 The resultant nano-magnetic cellulose composite exhibits remarkable catalytic efficacy used for Suzuki cross-coupling reaction between aryl halides and aryl boronic acids to create the corresponding coupling products in good to excellent yields. 28962755 0 34 from study 91:95 arg1 reaction 123:130 Suzuki reaction 116:130 Suzuki reaction 116:130 Palladium acetate supported on amidoxime-functionalized magnetic cellulose: Synthesis, DFT study and application in Suzuki reaction. 28962755 1 35 theme efficient 142:150 arg1 system 191:196 A highly efficient and magnetically retrievable catalytic system 133:196 A highly efficient and magnetically retrievable catalytic system involving Pd (II) acetate supported on amidoxime-functionalized cellulose nano-magnetic catalyst (nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd(II)) 133:318 A highly efficient and magnetically retrievable catalytic system involving Pd (II) acetate supported on amidoxime-functionalized cellulose nano-magnetic catalyst (nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd(II)) was prepared. 28962755 0 36 theme magnetic 56:63 arg1 cellulose 65:73 amidoxime-functionalized magnetic cellulose 31:73 amidoxime-functionalized magnetic cellulose 31:73 Palladium acetate supported on amidoxime-functionalized magnetic cellulose: Synthesis, DFT study and application in Suzuki reaction. 28962755 3 37 theme present 604:610 arg1 interactions 591:602 the metal-ligand interactions 574:602 the metal-ligand interactions present in the nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd (II) composite 574:651 In addition, to describe and go insight to the metal-ligand interactions present in the nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd (II) composite, covalent and electrostatic interactions, density functional theory (DFT) model and quantum theory of atoms in molecule method were employed. 28962755 7 38 theme Pd 1469:1470 arg1 -catalyst 1472:1480 such new Pd -catalyst 1460:1480 such new Pd -catalyst 1460:1480 The facile accessibility to the starting materials, possible performance in large scales, and conducting the reactions in the eco-friendly and cost-effective conditions are the other merits which can be mentioned for such new Pd -catalyst. 28962755 2 39 theme physicochemical 427:441 arg1 SAED 496:499 SAED 496:499 SAED 496:499 The structure of the organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite has been confirmed using various physicochemical techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, TGA, VSM, XPS, HRTEM, SAED, SEM, CHNS, EDAS and ICP-OES. 28962755 2 39 theme physicochemical 427:441 arg1 SEM 502:504 SEM 502:504 SEM 502:504 The structure of the organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite has been confirmed using various physicochemical techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, TGA, VSM, XPS, HRTEM, SAED, SEM, CHNS, EDAS and ICP-OES. 28962755 2 39 theme physicochemical 427:441 arg1 ICP-OES 522:528 ICP-OES 522:528 ICP-OES 522:528 The structure of the organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite has been confirmed using various physicochemical techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, TGA, VSM, XPS, HRTEM, SAED, SEM, CHNS, EDAS and ICP-OES. 28962755 2 39 theme physicochemical 427:441 arg1 XPS 484:486 XPS 484:486 XPS 484:486 The structure of the organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite has been confirmed using various physicochemical techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, TGA, VSM, XPS, HRTEM, SAED, SEM, CHNS, EDAS and ICP-OES. 28962755 2 39 theme physicochemical 427:441 arg1 HRTEM 489:493 HRTEM 489:493 HRTEM 489:493 The structure of the organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite has been confirmed using various physicochemical techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, TGA, VSM, XPS, HRTEM, SAED, SEM, CHNS, EDAS and ICP-OES. 28962755 2 39 theme physicochemical 427:441 arg1 techniques 443:452 various physicochemical techniques 419:452 various physicochemical techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, TGA, VSM, XPS, HRTEM, SAED, SEM, CHNS, EDAS and ICP-OES 419:528 The structure of the organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite has been confirmed using various physicochemical techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, TGA, VSM, XPS, HRTEM, SAED, SEM, CHNS, EDAS and ICP-OES. 28962755 2 39 theme physicochemical 427:441 arg1 EDAS 513:516 EDAS 513:516 EDAS 513:516 The structure of the organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite has been confirmed using various physicochemical techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, TGA, VSM, XPS, HRTEM, SAED, SEM, CHNS, EDAS and ICP-OES. 28962755 0 40 theme amidoxime-functionalized 31:54 arg1 cellulose 65:73 amidoxime-functionalized magnetic cellulose 31:73 amidoxime-functionalized magnetic cellulose 31:73 Palladium acetate supported on amidoxime-functionalized magnetic cellulose: Synthesis, DFT study and application in Suzuki reaction. 28962755 5 41 theme external 1094:1101 arg1 magnet 1103:1108 only an external magnet 1086:1108 only an external magnet 1086:1108 Also, the catalyst is easily recovered using only an external magnet. 28962755 4 42 theme boronic 952:958 arg1 acids 960:964 aryl boronic acids 947:964 aryl boronic acids 947:964 The resultant nano-magnetic cellulose composite exhibits remarkable catalytic efficacy used for Suzuki cross-coupling reaction between aryl halides and aryl boronic acids to create the corresponding coupling products in good to excellent yields. 28962755 7 43 theme conducting 1337:1346 arg1 reactions 1352:1360 the reactions 1348:1360 conducting the reactions 1337:1360 The facile accessibility to the starting materials, possible performance in large scales, and conducting the reactions in the eco-friendly and cost-effective conditions are the other merits which can be mentioned for such new Pd -catalyst. 28962755 2 44 theme various 419:425 arg1 SAED 496:499 SAED 496:499 SAED 496:499 The structure of the organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite has been confirmed using various physicochemical techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, TGA, VSM, XPS, HRTEM, SAED, SEM, CHNS, EDAS and ICP-OES. 28962755 2 44 theme various 419:425 arg1 SEM 502:504 SEM 502:504 SEM 502:504 The structure of the organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite has been confirmed using various physicochemical techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, TGA, VSM, XPS, HRTEM, SAED, SEM, CHNS, EDAS and ICP-OES. 28962755 2 44 theme various 419:425 arg1 ICP-OES 522:528 ICP-OES 522:528 ICP-OES 522:528 The structure of the organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite has been confirmed using various physicochemical techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, TGA, VSM, XPS, HRTEM, SAED, SEM, CHNS, EDAS and ICP-OES. 28962755 2 44 theme various 419:425 arg1 XPS 484:486 XPS 484:486 XPS 484:486 The structure of the organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite has been confirmed using various physicochemical techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, TGA, VSM, XPS, HRTEM, SAED, SEM, CHNS, EDAS and ICP-OES. 28962755 2 44 theme various 419:425 arg1 HRTEM 489:493 HRTEM 489:493 HRTEM 489:493 The structure of the organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite has been confirmed using various physicochemical techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, TGA, VSM, XPS, HRTEM, SAED, SEM, CHNS, EDAS and ICP-OES. 28962755 2 44 theme various 419:425 arg1 techniques 443:452 various physicochemical techniques 419:452 various physicochemical techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, TGA, VSM, XPS, HRTEM, SAED, SEM, CHNS, EDAS and ICP-OES 419:528 The structure of the organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite has been confirmed using various physicochemical techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, TGA, VSM, XPS, HRTEM, SAED, SEM, CHNS, EDAS and ICP-OES. 28962755 2 44 theme various 419:425 arg1 EDAS 513:516 EDAS 513:516 EDAS 513:516 The structure of the organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite has been confirmed using various physicochemical techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, TGA, VSM, XPS, HRTEM, SAED, SEM, CHNS, EDAS and ICP-OES. 28962755 2 45 dep XPS 484:486 arg1 TGA 474:476 FT-IR, XRD, TGA, VSM, XPS 462:486 TGA 474:476 The structure of the organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite has been confirmed using various physicochemical techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, TGA, VSM, XPS, HRTEM, SAED, SEM, CHNS, EDAS and ICP-OES. 28962755 2 45 dep XPS 484:486 arg1 XRD 469:471 XRD 469:471 XRD 469:471 The structure of the organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite has been confirmed using various physicochemical techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, TGA, VSM, XPS, HRTEM, SAED, SEM, CHNS, EDAS and ICP-OES. 28962755 2 45 dep XPS 484:486 arg1 VSM 479:481 FT-IR, XRD, TGA, VSM, XPS 462:486 VSM 479:481 The structure of the organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite has been confirmed using various physicochemical techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, TGA, VSM, XPS, HRTEM, SAED, SEM, CHNS, EDAS and ICP-OES. 28962755 0 46 from Synthesis 76:84 arg1 reaction 123:130 Suzuki reaction 116:130 Suzuki reaction 116:130 Palladium acetate supported on amidoxime-functionalized magnetic cellulose: Synthesis, DFT study and application in Suzuki reaction. 28962755 6 47 theme several 1180:1186 arg1 runs 1188:1191 several runs 1180:1191 several runs which showed no appreciable loss after five runs 1180:1240 Its recoverability and reusability for this catalyst was examined in several runs which showed no appreciable loss after five runs. 28962755 3 48 theme functional 703:712 arg1 theory 714:719 density functional theory 695:719 density functional theory (DFT) model 695:731 In addition, to describe and go insight to the metal-ligand interactions present in the nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd (II) composite, covalent and electrostatic interactions, density functional theory (DFT) model and quantum theory of atoms in molecule method were employed. 28962755 3 48 theme functional 703:712 arg1 DFT 722:724 DFT 722:724 DFT 722:724 In addition, to describe and go insight to the metal-ligand interactions present in the nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd (II) composite, covalent and electrostatic interactions, density functional theory (DFT) model and quantum theory of atoms in molecule method were employed. 28962755 4 49 theme cellulose 823:831 arg1 composite 833:841 The resultant nano-magnetic cellulose composite 795:841 The resultant nano-magnetic cellulose composite 795:841 The resultant nano-magnetic cellulose composite exhibits remarkable catalytic efficacy used for Suzuki cross-coupling reaction between aryl halides and aryl boronic acids to create the corresponding coupling products in good to excellent yields. 28962755 3 50 theme nano-Fe3O4 619:628 arg1 composite 643:651 the nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd (II) composite 615:651 the nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd (II) composite 615:651 In addition, to describe and go insight to the metal-ligand interactions present in the nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd (II) composite, covalent and electrostatic interactions, density functional theory (DFT) model and quantum theory of atoms in molecule method were employed. 28962755 3 51 from interactions 681:692 arg1 method 773:778 molecule method 764:778 molecule method 764:778 In addition, to describe and go insight to the metal-ligand interactions present in the nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd (II) composite, covalent and electrostatic interactions, density functional theory (DFT) model and quantum theory of atoms in molecule method were employed. 28962755 7 52 from accessibility 1254:1266 arg1 conditions 1401:1410 the eco-friendly and cost-effective conditions 1365:1410 the eco-friendly and cost-effective conditions 1365:1410 The facile accessibility to the starting materials, possible performance in large scales, and conducting the reactions in the eco-friendly and cost-effective conditions are the other merits which can be mentioned for such new Pd -catalyst. 28962755 3 53 theme theory 714:719 arg1 model 727:731 density functional theory (DFT) model 695:731 density functional theory (DFT) model 695:731 In addition, to describe and go insight to the metal-ligand interactions present in the nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd (II) composite, covalent and electrostatic interactions, density functional theory (DFT) model and quantum theory of atoms in molecule method were employed. 28962755 3 53 theme theory 714:719 arg1 interactions 681:692 covalent and electrostatic interactions 654:692 covalent and electrostatic interactions 654:692 In addition, to describe and go insight to the metal-ligand interactions present in the nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd (II) composite, covalent and electrostatic interactions, density functional theory (DFT) model and quantum theory of atoms in molecule method were employed. 28962755 4 54 theme remarkable 852:861 arg1 efficacy 873:880 remarkable catalytic efficacy 852:880 remarkable catalytic efficacy used for Suzuki cross-coupling reaction between aryl halides and aryl boronic acids to create the corresponding coupling products in good to excellent yields 852:1038 The resultant nano-magnetic cellulose composite exhibits remarkable catalytic efficacy used for Suzuki cross-coupling reaction between aryl halides and aryl boronic acids to create the corresponding coupling products in good to excellent yields. 28962755 3 55 theme @ 629:629 arg1 composite 643:651 the nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd (II) composite 615:651 the nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd (II) composite 615:651 In addition, to describe and go insight to the metal-ligand interactions present in the nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd (II) composite, covalent and electrostatic interactions, density functional theory (DFT) model and quantum theory of atoms in molecule method were employed. 28962755 3 56 theme metal-ligand 578:589 arg1 interactions 591:602 the metal-ligand interactions 574:602 the metal-ligand interactions present in the nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd (II) composite 574:651 In addition, to describe and go insight to the metal-ligand interactions present in the nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd (II) composite, covalent and electrostatic interactions, density functional theory (DFT) model and quantum theory of atoms in molecule method were employed. 28962755 7 57 from reactions 1352:1360 arg1 scales 1325:1330 large scales 1319:1330 large scales 1319:1330 The facile accessibility to the starting materials, possible performance in large scales, and conducting the reactions in the eco-friendly and cost-effective conditions are the other merits which can be mentioned for such new Pd -catalyst. 28962755 0 58 from application 101:111 arg1 reaction 123:130 Suzuki reaction 116:130 Suzuki reaction 116:130 Palladium acetate supported on amidoxime-functionalized magnetic cellulose: Synthesis, DFT study and application in Suzuki reaction. 28962755 7 59 theme large 1319:1323 arg1 scales 1325:1330 large scales 1319:1330 large scales 1319:1330 The facile accessibility to the starting materials, possible performance in large scales, and conducting the reactions in the eco-friendly and cost-effective conditions are the other merits which can be mentioned for such new Pd -catalyst. 28962755 3 60 theme atoms 755:759 arg1 interactions 681:692 covalent and electrostatic interactions 654:692 covalent and electrostatic interactions 654:692 In addition, to describe and go insight to the metal-ligand interactions present in the nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd (II) composite, covalent and electrostatic interactions, density functional theory (DFT) model and quantum theory of atoms in molecule method were employed. 28962755 3 60 theme atoms 755:759 arg1 theory 745:750 quantum theory 737:750 quantum theory 737:750 In addition, to describe and go insight to the metal-ligand interactions present in the nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd (II) composite, covalent and electrostatic interactions, density functional theory (DFT) model and quantum theory of atoms in molecule method were employed. 28962755 3 60 theme atoms 755:759 arg1 model 727:731 density functional theory (DFT) model 695:731 density functional theory (DFT) model 695:731 In addition, to describe and go insight to the metal-ligand interactions present in the nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd (II) composite, covalent and electrostatic interactions, density functional theory (DFT) model and quantum theory of atoms in molecule method were employed. 28962755 7 61 theme starting 1275:1282 arg1 materials 1284:1292 the starting materials 1271:1292 the starting materials 1271:1292 The facile accessibility to the starting materials, possible performance in large scales, and conducting the reactions in the eco-friendly and cost-effective conditions are the other merits which can be mentioned for such new Pd -catalyst. 28962755 3 62 theme molecule 764:771 arg1 method 773:778 molecule method 764:778 molecule method 764:778 In addition, to describe and go insight to the metal-ligand interactions present in the nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd (II) composite, covalent and electrostatic interactions, density functional theory (DFT) model and quantum theory of atoms in molecule method were employed. 28962755 3 63 theme quantum 737:743 arg1 interactions 681:692 covalent and electrostatic interactions 654:692 covalent and electrostatic interactions 654:692 In addition, to describe and go insight to the metal-ligand interactions present in the nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd (II) composite, covalent and electrostatic interactions, density functional theory (DFT) model and quantum theory of atoms in molecule method were employed. 28962755 3 63 theme quantum 737:743 arg1 theory 745:750 quantum theory 737:750 quantum theory 737:750 In addition, to describe and go insight to the metal-ligand interactions present in the nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd (II) composite, covalent and electrostatic interactions, density functional theory (DFT) model and quantum theory of atoms in molecule method were employed. 28962755 7 64 theme facile 1247:1252 arg1 accessibility 1254:1266 The facile accessibility 1243:1266 The facile accessibility to the starting materials, possible performance in large scales, and conducting the reactions in the eco-friendly and cost-effective conditions 1243:1410 The facile accessibility to the starting materials, possible performance in large scales, and conducting the reactions in the eco-friendly and cost-effective conditions are the other merits which can be mentioned for such new Pd -catalyst. 28962755 7 64 theme facile 1247:1252 arg1 merits 1426:1431 the other merits 1416:1431 the other merits which can be mentioned for such new Pd -catalyst 1416:1480 The facile accessibility to the starting materials, possible performance in large scales, and conducting the reactions in the eco-friendly and cost-effective conditions are the other merits which can be mentioned for such new Pd -catalyst. 28962755 7 65 theme possible 1295:1302 arg1 performance 1304:1314 possible performance 1295:1314 possible performance in large scales 1295:1330 The facile accessibility to the starting materials, possible performance in large scales, and conducting the reactions in the eco-friendly and cost-effective conditions are the other merits which can be mentioned for such new Pd -catalyst. 28962755 2 66 theme nanocomposite 380:392 arg1 structure 338:346 The structure 334:346 The structure of the organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite 334:392 The structure of the organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite has been confirmed using various physicochemical techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, TGA, VSM, XPS, HRTEM, SAED, SEM, CHNS, EDAS and ICP-OES. 28962755 1 67 theme amidoxime-functionalized 237:260 arg1 catalyst 286:293 amidoxime-functionalized cellulose nano-magnetic catalyst 237:293 amidoxime-functionalized cellulose nano-magnetic catalyst (nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd(II)) 237:318 A highly efficient and magnetically retrievable catalytic system involving Pd (II) acetate supported on amidoxime-functionalized cellulose nano-magnetic catalyst (nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd(II)) was prepared. 28962755 1 67 theme amidoxime-functionalized 237:260 arg1 AOFC/Pd 307:313 nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd(II) 296:317 nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd(II) 296:317 A highly efficient and magnetically retrievable catalytic system involving Pd (II) acetate supported on amidoxime-functionalized cellulose nano-magnetic catalyst (nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd(II)) was prepared. 28962755 4 68 theme aryl 930:933 arg1 halides 935:941 aryl halides 930:941 aryl halides 930:941 The resultant nano-magnetic cellulose composite exhibits remarkable catalytic efficacy used for Suzuki cross-coupling reaction between aryl halides and aryl boronic acids to create the corresponding coupling products in good to excellent yields. 28962755 7 69 from materials 1284:1292 arg1 scales 1325:1330 large scales 1319:1330 large scales 1319:1330 The facile accessibility to the starting materials, possible performance in large scales, and conducting the reactions in the eco-friendly and cost-effective conditions are the other merits which can be mentioned for such new Pd -catalyst. 28962755 2 70 theme hybrid 373:378 arg1 nanocomposite 380:392 the organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite 351:392 the organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite 351:392 The structure of the organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite has been confirmed using various physicochemical techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, TGA, VSM, XPS, HRTEM, SAED, SEM, CHNS, EDAS and ICP-OES. 28962755 4 71 theme good 1015:1018 arg1 yields 1033:1038 good to excellent yields 1015:1038 good to excellent yields 1015:1038 The resultant nano-magnetic cellulose composite exhibits remarkable catalytic efficacy used for Suzuki cross-coupling reaction between aryl halides and aryl boronic acids to create the corresponding coupling products in good to excellent yields. 28962755 1 72 theme cellulose 262:270 arg1 catalyst 286:293 amidoxime-functionalized cellulose nano-magnetic catalyst 237:293 amidoxime-functionalized cellulose nano-magnetic catalyst (nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd(II)) 237:318 A highly efficient and magnetically retrievable catalytic system involving Pd (II) acetate supported on amidoxime-functionalized cellulose nano-magnetic catalyst (nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd(II)) was prepared. 28962755 1 72 theme cellulose 262:270 arg1 AOFC/Pd 307:313 nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd(II) 296:317 nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd(II) 296:317 A highly efficient and magnetically retrievable catalytic system involving Pd (II) acetate supported on amidoxime-functionalized cellulose nano-magnetic catalyst (nano-Fe3O4@AOFC/Pd(II)) was prepared. 24773001 6 0 theme glycan 919:924 arg1 moiety 926:931 the glycan moiety 915:931 the glycan moiety 915:931 By derivatizing carboxyl groups on the peptide moiety (i.e., Asp, Glu, and C-terminus), the glycopeptides efficiently produce informative glycan fragment ions, including the nonreducing end of the glycan moiety under negative-ion collision-induced dissociation (CID) conditions. 24773001 7 1 theme antennae 1132:1139 arg1 location 1146:1153 the location 1142:1153 the location of fucose residues 1142:1172 These glycan fragment ions can define detailed structural features on the glycan moiety (e.g., the specific composition of the two antennae, the location of fucose residues, and the presence/absence of bisecting GlcNAc residues). 24773001 7 1 theme antennae 1132:1139 arg1 composition 1109:1119 the specific composition 1096:1119 the specific composition of the two antennae 1096:1139 These glycan fragment ions can define detailed structural features on the glycan moiety (e.g., the specific composition of the two antennae, the location of fucose residues, and the presence/absence of bisecting GlcNAc residues). 24773001 7 1 theme antennae 1132:1139 arg1 presence/absence 1183:1198 the presence/absence 1179:1198 the presence/absence of bisecting GlcNAc residues 1179:1227 These glycan fragment ions can define detailed structural features on the glycan moiety (e.g., the specific composition of the two antennae, the location of fucose residues, and the presence/absence of bisecting GlcNAc residues). 24773001 1 2 link N-linked 258:265 arg1 structures 280:289 N-linked glycopeptide structures 258:289 N-linked glycopeptide structures 258:289 Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS or MS(n)) is a powerful tool for characterizing N-linked glycopeptide structures. 24773001 10 3 theme glycan 1624:1629 arg1 composition 1631:1641 glycan composition 1624:1641 glycan composition 1624:1641 Positive-ion CID of methylamine-derivatized glycopeptides mainly provides information on peptide sequence and glycan composition, whereas negative-ion CID provides in-depth structural information on the glycan moiety. 24773001 11 4 theme derivatization 1736:1749 arg1 step 1751:1754 The derivatization step 1732:1754 The derivatization step 1732:1754 The derivatization step can be readily incorporated into conventional pretreatment for glycopeptide MS analysis without loss of sensitivity, making derivatization suitable for practical use. 24773001 5 5 theme carboxyl 688:695 arg1 groups 697:702 all carboxyl groups 684:702 all carboxyl groups in glycopeptides 684:719 Methylamidation using PyAOP as a condensing reagent has been optimized for derivatizing all carboxyl groups in glycopeptides. 24773001 1 6 theme glycopeptide 267:278 arg1 structures 280:289 N-linked glycopeptide structures 258:289 N-linked glycopeptide structures 258:289 Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS or MS(n)) is a powerful tool for characterizing N-linked glycopeptide structures. 24773001 6 7 theme nonreducing 896:906 arg1 end 908:910 the nonreducing end 892:910 the nonreducing end of the glycan moiety under negative-ion collision-induced dissociation (CID) conditions 892:998 By derivatizing carboxyl groups on the peptide moiety (i.e., Asp, Glu, and C-terminus), the glycopeptides efficiently produce informative glycan fragment ions, including the nonreducing end of the glycan moiety under negative-ion collision-induced dissociation (CID) conditions. 24773001 6 8 from groups 747:752 arg1 moiety 769:774 the peptide moiety 757:774 the peptide moiety (i.e., Asp, Glu, and C-terminus) 757:807 By derivatizing carboxyl groups on the peptide moiety (i.e., Asp, Glu, and C-terminus), the glycopeptides efficiently produce informative glycan fragment ions, including the nonreducing end of the glycan moiety under negative-ion collision-induced dissociation (CID) conditions. 24773001 8 9 theme sialylated 1235:1244 arg1 glycopeptides 1246:1258 sialylated glycopeptides 1235:1258 sialylated glycopeptides 1235:1258 For sialylated glycopeptides, carboxyl groups on sialic acid residues are simultaneously derivatized using methylamidation, suppressing preferential loss of residues during MS analysis. 24773001 0 10 theme In-depth 0:7 arg1 characterization 20:35 In-depth structural characterization 0:35 In-depth structural characterization of N-linked glycopeptides using complete derivatization for carboxyl groups 0:111 In-depth structural characterization of N-linked glycopeptides using complete derivatization for carboxyl groups followed by positive- and negative-ion tandem mass spectrometry. 24773001 2 11 from information 353:363 arg1 moiety 379:384 the glycan moiety 368:384 the glycan moiety directly from glycopeptide ions 368:416 However, it is still difficult to obtain detailed structural information on the glycan moiety directly from glycopeptide ions. 24773001 10 12 theme negative-ion 1652:1663 arg1 CID 1665:1667 negative-ion CID 1652:1667 negative-ion CID 1652:1667 Positive-ion CID of methylamine-derivatized glycopeptides mainly provides information on peptide sequence and glycan composition, whereas negative-ion CID provides in-depth structural information on the glycan moiety. 24773001 0 13 link N-linked 40:47 arg1 glycopeptides 49:61 N-linked glycopeptides 40:61 N-linked glycopeptides using complete derivatization for carboxyl groups 40:111 In-depth structural characterization of N-linked glycopeptides using complete derivatization for carboxyl groups followed by positive- and negative-ion tandem mass spectrometry. 24773001 3 14 gly glycopeptide 478:489 arg2 glycopeptide 478:489 the glycopeptide structure 474:499 the glycopeptide structure using MS/MS 474:511 Here, we propose a new method for in-depth analysis of the glycopeptide structure using MS/MS. 24773001 0 15 theme negative-ion 139:150 arg1 spectrometry 164:175 positive- and negative-ion tandem mass spectrometry 125:175 spectrometry 164:175 In-depth structural characterization of N-linked glycopeptides using complete derivatization for carboxyl groups followed by positive- and negative-ion tandem mass spectrometry. 24773001 9 16 gly nonsialylated 1450:1462 arg1 result 1422:1427 a result 1420:1427 a result 1420:1427 As a result, both sialylated and nonsialylated glycopeptides can be analyzed in the same manner. 24773001 9 16 gly nonsialylated 1450:1462 arg1 glycopeptides 1464:1476 both sialylated and nonsialylated glycopeptides 1430:1476 both sialylated and nonsialylated glycopeptides 1430:1476 As a result, both sialylated and nonsialylated glycopeptides can be analyzed in the same manner. 24773001 8 17 theme sialic 1280:1285 arg1 residues 1292:1299 sialic acid residues 1280:1299 sialic acid residues 1280:1299 For sialylated glycopeptides, carboxyl groups on sialic acid residues are simultaneously derivatized using methylamidation, suppressing preferential loss of residues during MS analysis. 24773001 10 18 theme structural 1687:1696 arg1 information 1698:1708 in-depth structural information 1678:1708 in-depth structural information on the glycan moiety 1678:1729 Positive-ion CID of methylamine-derivatized glycopeptides mainly provides information on peptide sequence and glycan composition, whereas negative-ion CID provides in-depth structural information on the glycan moiety. 24773001 0 19 theme mass 159:162 arg1 spectrometry 164:175 positive- and negative-ion tandem mass spectrometry 125:175 spectrometry 164:175 In-depth structural characterization of N-linked glycopeptides using complete derivatization for carboxyl groups followed by positive- and negative-ion tandem mass spectrometry. 24773001 8 20 gly glycopeptides 1246:1258 arg2 glycopeptides 1246:1258 sialylated glycopeptides 1235:1258 sialylated glycopeptides 1235:1258 For sialylated glycopeptides, carboxyl groups on sialic acid residues are simultaneously derivatized using methylamidation, suppressing preferential loss of residues during MS analysis. 24773001 9 21 theme same 1501:1504 arg1 manner 1506:1511 the same manner 1497:1511 the same manner 1497:1511 As a result, both sialylated and nonsialylated glycopeptides can be analyzed in the same manner. 24773001 6 22 theme collision-induced 952:968 arg1 CID 984:986 CID 984:986 CID 984:986 By derivatizing carboxyl groups on the peptide moiety (i.e., Asp, Glu, and C-terminus), the glycopeptides efficiently produce informative glycan fragment ions, including the nonreducing end of the glycan moiety under negative-ion collision-induced dissociation (CID) conditions. 24773001 6 22 theme collision-induced 952:968 arg1 dissociation 970:981 negative-ion collision-induced dissociation 939:981 negative-ion collision-induced dissociation (CID) conditions 939:998 By derivatizing carboxyl groups on the peptide moiety (i.e., Asp, Glu, and C-terminus), the glycopeptides efficiently produce informative glycan fragment ions, including the nonreducing end of the glycan moiety under negative-ion collision-induced dissociation (CID) conditions. 24773001 8 23 theme residues 1388:1395 arg1 loss 1380:1383 preferential loss 1367:1383 preferential loss of residues 1367:1395 For sialylated glycopeptides, carboxyl groups on sialic acid residues are simultaneously derivatized using methylamidation, suppressing preferential loss of residues during MS analysis. 24773001 7 24 dep composition 1109:1119 arg1 e.g. 1090:1093 e.g. 1090:1093 e.g. 1090:1093 These glycan fragment ions can define detailed structural features on the glycan moiety (e.g., the specific composition of the two antennae, the location of fucose residues, and the presence/absence of bisecting GlcNAc residues). 24773001 11 25 theme practical 1908:1916 arg1 use 1918:1920 practical use 1908:1920 practical use 1908:1920 The derivatization step can be readily incorporated into conventional pretreatment for glycopeptide MS analysis without loss of sensitivity, making derivatization suitable for practical use. 24773001 10 26 dep provides 1579:1586 arg1 whereas 1644:1650 whereas 1644:1650 whereas 1644:1650 Positive-ion CID of methylamine-derivatized glycopeptides mainly provides information on peptide sequence and glycan composition, whereas negative-ion CID provides in-depth structural information on the glycan moiety. 24773001 7 27 theme glycan 1007:1012 arg1 ions 1023:1026 These glycan fragment ions 1001:1026 These glycan fragment ions 1001:1026 These glycan fragment ions can define detailed structural features on the glycan moiety (e.g., the specific composition of the two antennae, the location of fucose residues, and the presence/absence of bisecting GlcNAc residues). 24773001 11 28 theme glycopeptide 1819:1830 arg1 analysis 1835:1842 glycopeptide MS analysis 1819:1842 glycopeptide MS analysis without loss of sensitivity 1819:1870 The derivatization step can be readily incorporated into conventional pretreatment for glycopeptide MS analysis without loss of sensitivity, making derivatization suitable for practical use. 24773001 9 29 theme sialylated 1435:1444 arg1 result 1422:1427 a result 1420:1427 a result 1420:1427 As a result, both sialylated and nonsialylated glycopeptides can be analyzed in the same manner. 24773001 9 29 theme sialylated 1435:1444 arg1 glycopeptides 1464:1476 both sialylated and nonsialylated glycopeptides 1430:1476 both sialylated and nonsialylated glycopeptides 1430:1476 As a result, both sialylated and nonsialylated glycopeptides can be analyzed in the same manner. 24773001 8 30 from groups 1270:1275 arg1 residues 1292:1299 sialic acid residues 1280:1299 sialic acid residues 1280:1299 For sialylated glycopeptides, carboxyl groups on sialic acid residues are simultaneously derivatized using methylamidation, suppressing preferential loss of residues during MS analysis. 24773001 1 31 theme Tandem 178:183 arg1 tool 234:237 a powerful tool 223:237 a powerful tool for characterizing N-linked glycopeptide structures 223:289 Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS or MS(n)) is a powerful tool for characterizing N-linked glycopeptide structures. 24773001 1 31 theme Tandem 178:183 arg1 spectrometry 190:201 Tandem mass spectrometry 178:201 Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS or MS(n)) 178:218 Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS or MS(n)) is a powerful tool for characterizing N-linked glycopeptide structures. 24773001 11 32 theme sensitivity 1860:1870 arg1 loss 1852:1855 loss 1852:1855 loss of sensitivity 1852:1870 The derivatization step can be readily incorporated into conventional pretreatment for glycopeptide MS analysis without loss of sensitivity, making derivatization suitable for practical use. 24773001 0 33 theme carboxyl 97:104 arg1 groups 106:111 carboxyl groups 97:111 carboxyl groups 97:111 In-depth structural characterization of N-linked glycopeptides using complete derivatization for carboxyl groups followed by positive- and negative-ion tandem mass spectrometry. 24773001 8 34 theme preferential 1367:1378 arg1 loss 1380:1383 preferential loss 1367:1383 preferential loss of residues 1367:1395 For sialylated glycopeptides, carboxyl groups on sialic acid residues are simultaneously derivatized using methylamidation, suppressing preferential loss of residues during MS analysis. 24773001 11 35 gly glycopeptide 1819:1830 arg2 glycopeptide 1819:1830 glycopeptide MS analysis 1819:1842 glycopeptide MS analysis without loss of sensitivity 1819:1870 The derivatization step can be readily incorporated into conventional pretreatment for glycopeptide MS analysis without loss of sensitivity, making derivatization suitable for practical use. 24773001 7 36 theme bisecting 1203:1211 arg1 GlcNAc 1213:1218 bisecting GlcNAc 1203:1218 bisecting GlcNAc residues 1203:1227 These glycan fragment ions can define detailed structural features on the glycan moiety (e.g., the specific composition of the two antennae, the location of fucose residues, and the presence/absence of bisecting GlcNAc residues). 24773001 6 37 theme carboxyl 738:745 arg1 groups 747:752 carboxyl groups 738:752 carboxyl groups on the peptide moiety (i.e., Asp, Glu, and C-terminus) 738:807 By derivatizing carboxyl groups on the peptide moiety (i.e., Asp, Glu, and C-terminus), the glycopeptides efficiently produce informative glycan fragment ions, including the nonreducing end of the glycan moiety under negative-ion collision-induced dissociation (CID) conditions. 24773001 2 38 theme glycopeptide 400:411 arg1 ions 413:416 glycopeptide ions 400:416 glycopeptide ions 400:416 However, it is still difficult to obtain detailed structural information on the glycan moiety directly from glycopeptide ions. 24773001 0 39 theme positive- 125:133 arg1 spectrometry 164:175 positive- and negative-ion tandem mass spectrometry 125:175 spectrometry 164:175 In-depth structural characterization of N-linked glycopeptides using complete derivatization for carboxyl groups followed by positive- and negative-ion tandem mass spectrometry. 24773001 0 40 theme glycopeptides 49:61 arg1 characterization 20:35 In-depth structural characterization 0:35 In-depth structural characterization of N-linked glycopeptides using complete derivatization for carboxyl groups 0:111 In-depth structural characterization of N-linked glycopeptides using complete derivatization for carboxyl groups followed by positive- and negative-ion tandem mass spectrometry. 24773001 4 41 gly glycopeptides 581:593 arg2 glycopeptides 581:593 glycopeptides 581:593 glycopeptides 581:593 This method involves complete derivatization of carboxyl groups in glycopeptides. 24773001 4 42 from groups 571:576 arg1 glycopeptides 581:593 glycopeptides 581:593 glycopeptides 581:593 This method involves complete derivatization of carboxyl groups in glycopeptides. 24773001 1 43 gly glycopeptide 267:278 arg2 glycopeptide 267:278 N-linked glycopeptide structures 258:289 N-linked glycopeptide structures 258:289 Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS or MS(n)) is a powerful tool for characterizing N-linked glycopeptide structures. 24773001 3 44 theme in-depth 453:460 arg1 analysis 462:469 in-depth analysis 453:469 in-depth analysis of the glycopeptide structure using MS/MS 453:511 Here, we propose a new method for in-depth analysis of the glycopeptide structure using MS/MS. 24773001 7 45 theme residues 1165:1172 arg1 location 1146:1153 the location 1142:1153 the location of fucose residues 1142:1172 These glycan fragment ions can define detailed structural features on the glycan moiety (e.g., the specific composition of the two antennae, the location of fucose residues, and the presence/absence of bisecting GlcNAc residues). 24773001 7 45 theme residues 1165:1172 arg1 composition 1109:1119 the specific composition 1096:1119 the specific composition of the two antennae 1096:1139 These glycan fragment ions can define detailed structural features on the glycan moiety (e.g., the specific composition of the two antennae, the location of fucose residues, and the presence/absence of bisecting GlcNAc residues). 24773001 7 45 theme residues 1165:1172 arg1 presence/absence 1183:1198 the presence/absence 1179:1198 the presence/absence of bisecting GlcNAc residues 1179:1227 These glycan fragment ions can define detailed structural features on the glycan moiety (e.g., the specific composition of the two antennae, the location of fucose residues, and the presence/absence of bisecting GlcNAc residues). 24773001 10 46 from information 1588:1598 arg1 sequence 1611:1618 peptide sequence 1603:1618 peptide sequence 1603:1618 Positive-ion CID of methylamine-derivatized glycopeptides mainly provides information on peptide sequence and glycan composition, whereas negative-ion CID provides in-depth structural information on the glycan moiety. 24773001 10 46 from information 1588:1598 arg1 composition 1631:1641 glycan composition 1624:1641 glycan composition 1624:1641 Positive-ion CID of methylamine-derivatized glycopeptides mainly provides information on peptide sequence and glycan composition, whereas negative-ion CID provides in-depth structural information on the glycan moiety. 24773001 4 47 theme groups 571:576 arg1 derivatization 544:557 complete derivatization 535:557 complete derivatization of carboxyl groups in glycopeptides 535:593 This method involves complete derivatization of carboxyl groups in glycopeptides. 24773001 0 48 theme N-linked 40:47 arg1 glycopeptides 49:61 N-linked glycopeptides 40:61 N-linked glycopeptides using complete derivatization for carboxyl groups 40:111 In-depth structural characterization of N-linked glycopeptides using complete derivatization for carboxyl groups followed by positive- and negative-ion tandem mass spectrometry. 24773001 6 49 theme fragment 867:874 arg1 end 908:910 the nonreducing end 892:910 the nonreducing end of the glycan moiety under negative-ion collision-induced dissociation (CID) conditions 892:998 By derivatizing carboxyl groups on the peptide moiety (i.e., Asp, Glu, and C-terminus), the glycopeptides efficiently produce informative glycan fragment ions, including the nonreducing end of the glycan moiety under negative-ion collision-induced dissociation (CID) conditions. 24773001 6 49 theme fragment 867:874 arg1 ions 876:879 informative glycan fragment ions 848:879 informative glycan fragment ions 848:879 By derivatizing carboxyl groups on the peptide moiety (i.e., Asp, Glu, and C-terminus), the glycopeptides efficiently produce informative glycan fragment ions, including the nonreducing end of the glycan moiety under negative-ion collision-induced dissociation (CID) conditions. 24773001 3 50 theme glycopeptide 478:489 arg1 structure 491:499 the glycopeptide structure 474:499 the glycopeptide structure using MS/MS 474:511 Here, we propose a new method for in-depth analysis of the glycopeptide structure using MS/MS. 24773001 6 51 theme informative 848:858 arg1 end 908:910 the nonreducing end 892:910 the nonreducing end of the glycan moiety under negative-ion collision-induced dissociation (CID) conditions 892:998 By derivatizing carboxyl groups on the peptide moiety (i.e., Asp, Glu, and C-terminus), the glycopeptides efficiently produce informative glycan fragment ions, including the nonreducing end of the glycan moiety under negative-ion collision-induced dissociation (CID) conditions. 24773001 6 51 theme informative 848:858 arg1 ions 876:879 informative glycan fragment ions 848:879 informative glycan fragment ions 848:879 By derivatizing carboxyl groups on the peptide moiety (i.e., Asp, Glu, and C-terminus), the glycopeptides efficiently produce informative glycan fragment ions, including the nonreducing end of the glycan moiety under negative-ion collision-induced dissociation (CID) conditions. 24773001 4 52 theme complete 535:542 arg1 derivatization 544:557 complete derivatization 535:557 complete derivatization of carboxyl groups in glycopeptides 535:593 This method involves complete derivatization of carboxyl groups in glycopeptides. 24773001 10 53 theme methylamine-derivatized 1534:1556 arg1 glycopeptides 1558:1570 methylamine-derivatized glycopeptides 1534:1570 methylamine-derivatized glycopeptides 1534:1570 Positive-ion CID of methylamine-derivatized glycopeptides mainly provides information on peptide sequence and glycan composition, whereas negative-ion CID provides in-depth structural information on the glycan moiety. 24773001 0 54 gly glycopeptides 49:61 arg2 glycopeptides 49:61 N-linked glycopeptides 40:61 N-linked glycopeptides using complete derivatization for carboxyl groups 40:111 In-depth structural characterization of N-linked glycopeptides using complete derivatization for carboxyl groups followed by positive- and negative-ion tandem mass spectrometry. 24773001 6 55 dep moiety 769:774 arg1 Glu 788:790 Glu 788:790 Glu 788:790 By derivatizing carboxyl groups on the peptide moiety (i.e., Asp, Glu, and C-terminus), the glycopeptides efficiently produce informative glycan fragment ions, including the nonreducing end of the glycan moiety under negative-ion collision-induced dissociation (CID) conditions. 24773001 6 55 dep moiety 769:774 arg1 C-terminus 797:806 C-terminus 797:806 C-terminus 797:806 By derivatizing carboxyl groups on the peptide moiety (i.e., Asp, Glu, and C-terminus), the glycopeptides efficiently produce informative glycan fragment ions, including the nonreducing end of the glycan moiety under negative-ion collision-induced dissociation (CID) conditions. 24773001 6 55 dep moiety 769:774 arg1 Asp 783:785 Asp 783:785 Asp 783:785 By derivatizing carboxyl groups on the peptide moiety (i.e., Asp, Glu, and C-terminus), the glycopeptides efficiently produce informative glycan fragment ions, including the nonreducing end of the glycan moiety under negative-ion collision-induced dissociation (CID) conditions. 24773001 7 56 from features 1059:1066 arg1 moiety 1082:1087 the glycan moiety 1071:1087 the glycan moiety (e.g., the specific composition of the two antennae, the location of fucose residues, and the presence/absence of bisecting GlcNAc residues) 1071:1228 These glycan fragment ions can define detailed structural features on the glycan moiety (e.g., the specific composition of the two antennae, the location of fucose residues, and the presence/absence of bisecting GlcNAc residues). 24773001 10 57 theme peptide 1603:1609 arg1 sequence 1611:1618 peptide sequence 1603:1618 peptide sequence 1603:1618 Positive-ion CID of methylamine-derivatized glycopeptides mainly provides information on peptide sequence and glycan composition, whereas negative-ion CID provides in-depth structural information on the glycan moiety. 24773001 11 58 theme conventional 1789:1800 arg1 pretreatment 1802:1813 conventional pretreatment 1789:1813 conventional pretreatment for glycopeptide MS analysis without loss of sensitivity 1789:1870 The derivatization step can be readily incorporated into conventional pretreatment for glycopeptide MS analysis without loss of sensitivity, making derivatization suitable for practical use. 24773001 6 59 theme peptide 761:767 arg1 moiety 769:774 the peptide moiety 757:774 the peptide moiety (i.e., Asp, Glu, and C-terminus) 757:807 By derivatizing carboxyl groups on the peptide moiety (i.e., Asp, Glu, and C-terminus), the glycopeptides efficiently produce informative glycan fragment ions, including the nonreducing end of the glycan moiety under negative-ion collision-induced dissociation (CID) conditions. 24773001 2 60 theme glycan 372:377 arg1 moiety 379:384 the glycan moiety 368:384 the glycan moiety directly from glycopeptide ions 368:416 However, it is still difficult to obtain detailed structural information on the glycan moiety directly from glycopeptide ions. 24773001 5 61 from groups 697:702 arg1 glycopeptides 707:719 glycopeptides 707:719 glycopeptides 707:719 Methylamidation using PyAOP as a condensing reagent has been optimized for derivatizing all carboxyl groups in glycopeptides. 24773001 6 62 theme moiety 926:931 arg1 end 908:910 the nonreducing end 892:910 the nonreducing end of the glycan moiety under negative-ion collision-induced dissociation (CID) conditions 892:998 By derivatizing carboxyl groups on the peptide moiety (i.e., Asp, Glu, and C-terminus), the glycopeptides efficiently produce informative glycan fragment ions, including the nonreducing end of the glycan moiety under negative-ion collision-induced dissociation (CID) conditions. 24773001 6 63 dep Asp 783:785 arg1 i.e. 777:780 i.e. 777:780 i.e. 777:780 By derivatizing carboxyl groups on the peptide moiety (i.e., Asp, Glu, and C-terminus), the glycopeptides efficiently produce informative glycan fragment ions, including the nonreducing end of the glycan moiety under negative-ion collision-induced dissociation (CID) conditions. 24773001 1 64 theme N-linked 258:265 arg1 structures 280:289 N-linked glycopeptide structures 258:289 N-linked glycopeptide structures 258:289 Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS or MS(n)) is a powerful tool for characterizing N-linked glycopeptide structures. 24773001 10 65 gly glycopeptides 1558:1570 arg2 glycopeptides 1558:1570 methylamine-derivatized glycopeptides 1534:1570 methylamine-derivatized glycopeptides 1534:1570 Positive-ion CID of methylamine-derivatized glycopeptides mainly provides information on peptide sequence and glycan composition, whereas negative-ion CID provides in-depth structural information on the glycan moiety. 24773001 2 66 theme structural 342:351 arg1 information 353:363 detailed structural information 333:363 detailed structural information on the glycan moiety directly from glycopeptide ions 333:416 However, it is still difficult to obtain detailed structural information on the glycan moiety directly from glycopeptide ions. 24773001 7 67 theme specific 1100:1107 arg1 composition 1109:1119 the specific composition 1096:1119 the specific composition of the two antennae 1096:1139 These glycan fragment ions can define detailed structural features on the glycan moiety (e.g., the specific composition of the two antennae, the location of fucose residues, and the presence/absence of bisecting GlcNAc residues). 24773001 9 68 theme nonsialylated 1450:1462 arg1 result 1422:1427 a result 1420:1427 a result 1420:1427 As a result, both sialylated and nonsialylated glycopeptides can be analyzed in the same manner. 24773001 9 68 theme nonsialylated 1450:1462 arg1 glycopeptides 1464:1476 both sialylated and nonsialylated glycopeptides 1430:1476 both sialylated and nonsialylated glycopeptides 1430:1476 As a result, both sialylated and nonsialylated glycopeptides can be analyzed in the same manner. 24773001 10 69 from information 1698:1708 arg1 moiety 1724:1729 the glycan moiety 1713:1729 the glycan moiety 1713:1729 Positive-ion CID of methylamine-derivatized glycopeptides mainly provides information on peptide sequence and glycan composition, whereas negative-ion CID provides in-depth structural information on the glycan moiety. 24773001 7 70 theme residues 1220:1227 arg1 location 1146:1153 the location 1142:1153 the location of fucose residues 1142:1172 These glycan fragment ions can define detailed structural features on the glycan moiety (e.g., the specific composition of the two antennae, the location of fucose residues, and the presence/absence of bisecting GlcNAc residues). 24773001 7 70 theme residues 1220:1227 arg1 composition 1109:1119 the specific composition 1096:1119 the specific composition of the two antennae 1096:1139 These glycan fragment ions can define detailed structural features on the glycan moiety (e.g., the specific composition of the two antennae, the location of fucose residues, and the presence/absence of bisecting GlcNAc residues). 24773001 7 70 theme residues 1220:1227 arg1 presence/absence 1183:1198 the presence/absence 1179:1198 the presence/absence of bisecting GlcNAc residues 1179:1227 These glycan fragment ions can define detailed structural features on the glycan moiety (e.g., the specific composition of the two antennae, the location of fucose residues, and the presence/absence of bisecting GlcNAc residues). 24773001 0 71 theme tandem 152:157 arg1 spectrometry 164:175 positive- and negative-ion tandem mass spectrometry 125:175 spectrometry 164:175 In-depth structural characterization of N-linked glycopeptides using complete derivatization for carboxyl groups followed by positive- and negative-ion tandem mass spectrometry. 24773001 9 72 gly glycopeptides 1464:1476 arg2 result 1422:1427 a result 1420:1427 a result 1420:1427 As a result, both sialylated and nonsialylated glycopeptides can be analyzed in the same manner. 24773001 9 72 gly glycopeptides 1464:1476 arg2 glycopeptides 1464:1476 both sialylated and nonsialylated glycopeptides 1430:1476 both sialylated and nonsialylated glycopeptides 1430:1476 As a result, both sialylated and nonsialylated glycopeptides can be analyzed in the same manner. 24773001 8 73 theme carboxyl 1261:1268 arg1 groups 1270:1275 carboxyl groups 1261:1275 carboxyl groups on sialic acid residues 1261:1299 For sialylated glycopeptides, carboxyl groups on sialic acid residues are simultaneously derivatized using methylamidation, suppressing preferential loss of residues during MS analysis. 24773001 2 74 theme detailed 333:340 arg1 information 353:363 detailed structural information 333:363 detailed structural information on the glycan moiety directly from glycopeptide ions 333:416 However, it is still difficult to obtain detailed structural information on the glycan moiety directly from glycopeptide ions. 24773001 7 75 theme glycan 1075:1080 arg1 moiety 1082:1087 the glycan moiety 1071:1087 the glycan moiety (e.g., the specific composition of the two antennae, the location of fucose residues, and the presence/absence of bisecting GlcNAc residues) 1071:1228 These glycan fragment ions can define detailed structural features on the glycan moiety (e.g., the specific composition of the two antennae, the location of fucose residues, and the presence/absence of bisecting GlcNAc residues). 24773001 8 76 gly sialylated 1235:1244 arg1 glycopeptides 1246:1258 sialylated glycopeptides 1235:1258 sialylated glycopeptides 1235:1258 For sialylated glycopeptides, carboxyl groups on sialic acid residues are simultaneously derivatized using methylamidation, suppressing preferential loss of residues during MS analysis. 24773001 6 77 theme dissociation 970:981 arg1 conditions 989:998 negative-ion collision-induced dissociation (CID) conditions 939:998 negative-ion collision-induced dissociation (CID) conditions 939:998 By derivatizing carboxyl groups on the peptide moiety (i.e., Asp, Glu, and C-terminus), the glycopeptides efficiently produce informative glycan fragment ions, including the nonreducing end of the glycan moiety under negative-ion collision-induced dissociation (CID) conditions. 24773001 10 78 theme in-depth 1678:1685 arg1 information 1698:1708 in-depth structural information 1678:1708 in-depth structural information on the glycan moiety 1678:1729 Positive-ion CID of methylamine-derivatized glycopeptides mainly provides information on peptide sequence and glycan composition, whereas negative-ion CID provides in-depth structural information on the glycan moiety. 24773001 7 79 theme detailed 1039:1046 arg1 features 1059:1066 detailed structural features 1039:1066 detailed structural features on the glycan moiety (e.g., the specific composition of the two antennae, the location of fucose residues, and the presence/absence of bisecting GlcNAc residues) 1039:1228 These glycan fragment ions can define detailed structural features on the glycan moiety (e.g., the specific composition of the two antennae, the location of fucose residues, and the presence/absence of bisecting GlcNAc residues). 24773001 6 80 theme negative-ion 939:950 arg1 CID 984:986 CID 984:986 CID 984:986 By derivatizing carboxyl groups on the peptide moiety (i.e., Asp, Glu, and C-terminus), the glycopeptides efficiently produce informative glycan fragment ions, including the nonreducing end of the glycan moiety under negative-ion collision-induced dissociation (CID) conditions. 24773001 6 80 theme negative-ion 939:950 arg1 dissociation 970:981 negative-ion collision-induced dissociation 939:981 negative-ion collision-induced dissociation (CID) conditions 939:998 By derivatizing carboxyl groups on the peptide moiety (i.e., Asp, Glu, and C-terminus), the glycopeptides efficiently produce informative glycan fragment ions, including the nonreducing end of the glycan moiety under negative-ion collision-induced dissociation (CID) conditions. 24773001 8 81 theme acid 1287:1290 arg1 residues 1292:1299 sialic acid residues 1280:1299 sialic acid residues 1280:1299 For sialylated glycopeptides, carboxyl groups on sialic acid residues are simultaneously derivatized using methylamidation, suppressing preferential loss of residues during MS analysis. 24773001 7 82 theme structural 1048:1057 arg1 features 1059:1066 detailed structural features 1039:1066 detailed structural features on the glycan moiety (e.g., the specific composition of the two antennae, the location of fucose residues, and the presence/absence of bisecting GlcNAc residues) 1039:1228 These glycan fragment ions can define detailed structural features on the glycan moiety (e.g., the specific composition of the two antennae, the location of fucose residues, and the presence/absence of bisecting GlcNAc residues). 24773001 7 83 theme fragment 1014:1021 arg1 ions 1023:1026 These glycan fragment ions 1001:1026 These glycan fragment ions 1001:1026 These glycan fragment ions can define detailed structural features on the glycan moiety (e.g., the specific composition of the two antennae, the location of fucose residues, and the presence/absence of bisecting GlcNAc residues). 24773001 11 84 theme MS 1832:1833 arg1 analysis 1835:1842 glycopeptide MS analysis 1819:1842 glycopeptide MS analysis without loss of sensitivity 1819:1870 The derivatization step can be readily incorporated into conventional pretreatment for glycopeptide MS analysis without loss of sensitivity, making derivatization suitable for practical use. 24773001 7 85 theme GlcNAc 1213:1218 arg1 residues 1220:1227 bisecting GlcNAc residues 1203:1227 bisecting GlcNAc residues 1203:1227 These glycan fragment ions can define detailed structural features on the glycan moiety (e.g., the specific composition of the two antennae, the location of fucose residues, and the presence/absence of bisecting GlcNAc residues). 24773001 1 86 theme mass 185:188 arg1 tool 234:237 a powerful tool 223:237 a powerful tool for characterizing N-linked glycopeptide structures 223:289 Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS or MS(n)) is a powerful tool for characterizing N-linked glycopeptide structures. 24773001 1 86 theme mass 185:188 arg1 spectrometry 190:201 Tandem mass spectrometry 178:201 Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS or MS(n)) 178:218 Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS or MS(n)) is a powerful tool for characterizing N-linked glycopeptide structures. 24773001 5 87 gly glycopeptides 707:719 arg2 glycopeptides 707:719 glycopeptides 707:719 glycopeptides 707:719 Methylamidation using PyAOP as a condensing reagent has been optimized for derivatizing all carboxyl groups in glycopeptides. 24773001 5 88 theme condensing 629:638 arg1 reagent 640:646 a condensing reagent 627:646 a condensing reagent 627:646 Methylamidation using PyAOP as a condensing reagent has been optimized for derivatizing all carboxyl groups in glycopeptides. 24773001 5 88 theme condensing 629:638 arg1 PyAOP 618:622 PyAOP 618:622 PyAOP 618:622 Methylamidation using PyAOP as a condensing reagent has been optimized for derivatizing all carboxyl groups in glycopeptides. 24773001 2 89 gly glycopeptide 400:411 arg2 glycopeptide 400:411 glycopeptide 400:411 glycopeptide 400:411 However, it is still difficult to obtain detailed structural information on the glycan moiety directly from glycopeptide ions. 24773001 6 90 gly glycopeptides 814:826 arg2 glycopeptides 814:826 the glycopeptides 810:826 the glycopeptides 810:826 By derivatizing carboxyl groups on the peptide moiety (i.e., Asp, Glu, and C-terminus), the glycopeptides efficiently produce informative glycan fragment ions, including the nonreducing end of the glycan moiety under negative-ion collision-induced dissociation (CID) conditions. 24773001 3 91 theme new 438:440 arg1 method 442:447 a new method 436:447 a new method for in-depth analysis of the glycopeptide structure using MS/MS 436:511 Here, we propose a new method for in-depth analysis of the glycopeptide structure using MS/MS. 24773001 0 92 theme structural 9:18 arg1 characterization 20:35 In-depth structural characterization 0:35 In-depth structural characterization of N-linked glycopeptides using complete derivatization for carboxyl groups 0:111 In-depth structural characterization of N-linked glycopeptides using complete derivatization for carboxyl groups followed by positive- and negative-ion tandem mass spectrometry. 24773001 4 93 theme carboxyl 562:569 arg1 groups 571:576 carboxyl groups 562:576 carboxyl groups in glycopeptides 562:593 This method involves complete derivatization of carboxyl groups in glycopeptides. 24773001 1 94 dep spectrometry 190:201 arg1 n 216:216 n 216:216 n 216:216 Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS or MS(n)) is a powerful tool for characterizing N-linked glycopeptide structures. 24773001 1 94 dep spectrometry 190:201 arg1 MS 213:214 MS 213:214 MS 213:214 Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS or MS(n)) is a powerful tool for characterizing N-linked glycopeptide structures. 24773001 1 94 dep spectrometry 190:201 arg1 MS/MS 204:208 MS/MS 204:208 MS/MS 204:208 Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS or MS(n)) is a powerful tool for characterizing N-linked glycopeptide structures. 24773001 7 95 theme fucose 1158:1163 arg1 residues 1165:1172 fucose residues 1158:1172 fucose residues 1158:1172 These glycan fragment ions can define detailed structural features on the glycan moiety (e.g., the specific composition of the two antennae, the location of fucose residues, and the presence/absence of bisecting GlcNAc residues). 24773001 10 96 theme Positive-ion 1514:1525 arg1 CID 1527:1529 Positive-ion CID 1514:1529 Positive-ion CID of methylamine-derivatized glycopeptides 1514:1570 Positive-ion CID of methylamine-derivatized glycopeptides mainly provides information on peptide sequence and glycan composition, whereas negative-ion CID provides in-depth structural information on the glycan moiety. 24773001 8 97 theme MS 1404:1405 arg1 analysis 1407:1414 MS analysis 1404:1414 MS analysis 1404:1414 For sialylated glycopeptides, carboxyl groups on sialic acid residues are simultaneously derivatized using methylamidation, suppressing preferential loss of residues during MS analysis. 24773001 4 98 from derivatization 544:557 arg1 glycopeptides 581:593 glycopeptides 581:593 glycopeptides 581:593 This method involves complete derivatization of carboxyl groups in glycopeptides. 24773001 1 99 theme powerful 225:232 arg1 tool 234:237 a powerful tool 223:237 a powerful tool for characterizing N-linked glycopeptide structures 223:289 Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS or MS(n)) is a powerful tool for characterizing N-linked glycopeptide structures. 24773001 1 99 theme powerful 225:232 arg1 spectrometry 190:201 Tandem mass spectrometry 178:201 Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS or MS(n)) 178:218 Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS or MS(n)) is a powerful tool for characterizing N-linked glycopeptide structures. 24773001 4 100 from glycopeptides 581:593 arg1 derivatization 544:557 complete derivatization 535:557 complete derivatization of carboxyl groups in glycopeptides 535:593 This method involves complete derivatization of carboxyl groups in glycopeptides. 24773001 0 101 theme complete 69:76 arg1 derivatization 78:91 complete derivatization 69:91 complete derivatization 69:91 In-depth structural characterization of N-linked glycopeptides using complete derivatization for carboxyl groups followed by positive- and negative-ion tandem mass spectrometry. 24773001 6 102 theme glycan 860:865 arg1 end 908:910 the nonreducing end 892:910 the nonreducing end of the glycan moiety under negative-ion collision-induced dissociation (CID) conditions 892:998 By derivatizing carboxyl groups on the peptide moiety (i.e., Asp, Glu, and C-terminus), the glycopeptides efficiently produce informative glycan fragment ions, including the nonreducing end of the glycan moiety under negative-ion collision-induced dissociation (CID) conditions. 24773001 6 102 theme glycan 860:865 arg1 ions 876:879 informative glycan fragment ions 848:879 informative glycan fragment ions 848:879 By derivatizing carboxyl groups on the peptide moiety (i.e., Asp, Glu, and C-terminus), the glycopeptides efficiently produce informative glycan fragment ions, including the nonreducing end of the glycan moiety under negative-ion collision-induced dissociation (CID) conditions. 24773001 10 103 theme glycopeptides 1558:1570 arg1 CID 1527:1529 Positive-ion CID 1514:1529 Positive-ion CID of methylamine-derivatized glycopeptides 1514:1570 Positive-ion CID of methylamine-derivatized glycopeptides mainly provides information on peptide sequence and glycan composition, whereas negative-ion CID provides in-depth structural information on the glycan moiety. 24773001 3 104 theme structure 491:499 arg1 analysis 462:469 in-depth analysis 453:469 in-depth analysis of the glycopeptide structure using MS/MS 453:511 Here, we propose a new method for in-depth analysis of the glycopeptide structure using MS/MS. 24773001 2 105 from ions 413:416 arg1 moiety 379:384 the glycan moiety 368:384 the glycan moiety directly from glycopeptide ions 368:416 However, it is still difficult to obtain detailed structural information on the glycan moiety directly from glycopeptide ions. 24773001 10 106 theme glycan 1717:1722 arg1 moiety 1724:1729 the glycan moiety 1713:1729 the glycan moiety 1713:1729 Positive-ion CID of methylamine-derivatized glycopeptides mainly provides information on peptide sequence and glycan composition, whereas negative-ion CID provides in-depth structural information on the glycan moiety. 24773001 9 107 gly sialylated 1435:1444 arg1 result 1422:1427 a result 1420:1427 a result 1420:1427 As a result, both sialylated and nonsialylated glycopeptides can be analyzed in the same manner. 24773001 9 107 gly sialylated 1435:1444 arg1 glycopeptides 1464:1476 both sialylated and nonsialylated glycopeptides 1430:1476 both sialylated and nonsialylated glycopeptides 1430:1476 As a result, both sialylated and nonsialylated glycopeptides can be analyzed in the same manner. 24299855 3 0 theme fibers 688:693 arg1 dyeing 656:661 spun dyeing 651:661 spun dyeing of regenerated cellulose fibers 651:693 A good stability of the prepared CB/latex composite dispersion in the spinning solution indicated that it was highly possible to use the CB/latex composite as a colorant for spun dyeing of regenerated cellulose fibers. 24299855 1 1 dep black 94:98 arg1 CB 101:102 CB 101:102 CB 101:102 A carbon black (CB)/latex composite was prepared by the method of miniemulsion polymerization for use as a colorant for spun dyeing of regenerated cellulose fibers. 24299855 1 2 theme cellulose 232:240 arg1 fibers 242:247 regenerated cellulose fibers 220:247 regenerated cellulose fibers 220:247 A carbon black (CB)/latex composite was prepared by the method of miniemulsion polymerization for use as a colorant for spun dyeing of regenerated cellulose fibers. 24299855 4 3 theme tensile 817:823 arg1 strength 825:832 tensile strength 817:832 tensile strength 817:832 When a 3.5% mass ratio of CB/latex composite to cellulose was used for spun dyeing, the spun-dyed fibers had the highest tensile strength, breaking elongation and color strength. 24299855 3 4 from stability 484:492 arg1 solution 556:563 the spinning solution 543:563 the spinning solution 543:563 A good stability of the prepared CB/latex composite dispersion in the spinning solution indicated that it was highly possible to use the CB/latex composite as a colorant for spun dyeing of regenerated cellulose fibers. 24299855 6 5 theme regenerated 1062:1072 arg1 cellulose 1074:1082 spun-dyed regenerated cellulose 1052:1082 spun-dyed regenerated cellulose 1052:1082 This study provided a new insight into producing spun-dyed regenerated cellulose with a novel colorant. 24299855 3 6 from dispersion 529:538 arg1 solution 556:563 the spinning solution 543:563 the spinning solution 543:563 A good stability of the prepared CB/latex composite dispersion in the spinning solution indicated that it was highly possible to use the CB/latex composite as a colorant for spun dyeing of regenerated cellulose fibers. 24299855 1 7 theme fibers 242:247 arg1 dyeing 210:215 spun dyeing 205:215 spun dyeing of regenerated cellulose fibers 205:247 A carbon black (CB)/latex composite was prepared by the method of miniemulsion polymerization for use as a colorant for spun dyeing of regenerated cellulose fibers. 24299855 3 8 theme regenerated 666:676 arg1 fibers 688:693 regenerated cellulose fibers 666:693 regenerated cellulose fibers 666:693 A good stability of the prepared CB/latex composite dispersion in the spinning solution indicated that it was highly possible to use the CB/latex composite as a colorant for spun dyeing of regenerated cellulose fibers. 24299855 4 9 theme breaking 835:842 arg1 elongation 844:853 breaking elongation 835:853 breaking elongation 835:853 When a 3.5% mass ratio of CB/latex composite to cellulose was used for spun dyeing, the spun-dyed fibers had the highest tensile strength, breaking elongation and color strength. 24299855 3 10 theme dispersion 529:538 arg1 stability 484:492 A good stability 477:492 A good stability of the prepared CB/latex composite dispersion in the spinning solution 477:563 A good stability of the prepared CB/latex composite dispersion in the spinning solution indicated that it was highly possible to use the CB/latex composite as a colorant for spun dyeing of regenerated cellulose fibers. 24299855 4 11 theme mass 708:711 arg1 ratio 713:717 a 3.5% mass ratio 701:717 a 3.5% mass ratio of CB/latex composite to cellulose 701:752 When a 3.5% mass ratio of CB/latex composite to cellulose was used for spun dyeing, the spun-dyed fibers had the highest tensile strength, breaking elongation and color strength. 24299855 4 12 theme CB/latex 722:729 arg1 composite 731:739 CB/latex composite 722:739 CB/latex composite 722:739 When a 3.5% mass ratio of CB/latex composite to cellulose was used for spun dyeing, the spun-dyed fibers had the highest tensile strength, breaking elongation and color strength. 24299855 2 13 theme results 275:281 arg1 Analysis 250:257 Analysis 250:257 Analysis of experimental results 250:281 Analysis of experimental results revealed that the CB/latex composite had a small particle size and a narrow particle size distribution which were important to ensure a stable dispersion being later added to spinning solution. 24299855 1 14 theme /latex 104:109 arg1 composite 111:119 A carbon black (CB)/latex composite 85:119 A carbon black (CB)/latex composite 85:119 A carbon black (CB)/latex composite was prepared by the method of miniemulsion polymerization for use as a colorant for spun dyeing of regenerated cellulose fibers. 24299855 5 15 theme color 899:903 arg1 fastnesses 905:914 The rubbing and washing color fastnesses 875:914 The rubbing and washing color fastnesses of spun-dyed regenerated cellulose fibers 875:956 The rubbing and washing color fastnesses of spun-dyed regenerated cellulose fibers could satisfy requirements of most textiles. 24299855 2 16 theme experimental 262:273 arg1 results 275:281 experimental results 262:281 experimental results 262:281 Analysis of experimental results revealed that the CB/latex composite had a small particle size and a narrow particle size distribution which were important to ensure a stable dispersion being later added to spinning solution. 24299855 1 17 theme miniemulsion 151:162 arg1 polymerization 164:177 miniemulsion polymerization 151:177 miniemulsion polymerization 151:177 A carbon black (CB)/latex composite was prepared by the method of miniemulsion polymerization for use as a colorant for spun dyeing of regenerated cellulose fibers. 24299855 2 18 theme spinning 458:465 arg1 solution 467:474 spinning solution 458:474 spinning solution 458:474 Analysis of experimental results revealed that the CB/latex composite had a small particle size and a narrow particle size distribution which were important to ensure a stable dispersion being later added to spinning solution. 24299855 3 19 theme composite 519:527 arg1 dispersion 529:538 the prepared CB/latex composite dispersion 497:538 the prepared CB/latex composite dispersion in the spinning solution 497:563 A good stability of the prepared CB/latex composite dispersion in the spinning solution indicated that it was highly possible to use the CB/latex composite as a colorant for spun dyeing of regenerated cellulose fibers. 24299855 1 20 theme polymerization 164:177 arg1 method 141:146 the method 137:146 the method of miniemulsion polymerization for use as a colorant for spun dyeing of regenerated cellulose fibers 137:247 A carbon black (CB)/latex composite was prepared by the method of miniemulsion polymerization for use as a colorant for spun dyeing of regenerated cellulose fibers. 24299855 0 21 theme cellulose 12:20 arg1 fibers 22:27 Regenerated cellulose fibers 0:27 Regenerated cellulose fibers 0:27 Regenerated cellulose fibers spun-dyed with carbon black/latex composite dispersion. 24299855 4 22 theme highest 809:815 arg1 strength 825:832 tensile strength 817:832 tensile strength 817:832 When a 3.5% mass ratio of CB/latex composite to cellulose was used for spun dyeing, the spun-dyed fibers had the highest tensile strength, breaking elongation and color strength. 24299855 1 23 theme black 94:98 arg1 composite 111:119 A carbon black (CB)/latex composite 85:119 A carbon black (CB)/latex composite 85:119 A carbon black (CB)/latex composite was prepared by the method of miniemulsion polymerization for use as a colorant for spun dyeing of regenerated cellulose fibers. 24299855 2 24 theme size 368:371 arg1 distribution 373:384 a narrow particle size distribution 350:384 a narrow particle size distribution 350:384 Analysis of experimental results revealed that the CB/latex composite had a small particle size and a narrow particle size distribution which were important to ensure a stable dispersion being later added to spinning solution. 24299855 2 24 theme size 368:371 arg1 important 397:405 important 397:405 important 397:405 Analysis of experimental results revealed that the CB/latex composite had a small particle size and a narrow particle size distribution which were important to ensure a stable dispersion being later added to spinning solution. 24299855 0 25 theme Regenerated 0:10 arg1 fibers 22:27 Regenerated cellulose fibers 0:27 Regenerated cellulose fibers 0:27 Regenerated cellulose fibers spun-dyed with carbon black/latex composite dispersion. 24299855 5 26 theme fibers 951:956 arg1 fastnesses 905:914 The rubbing and washing color fastnesses 875:914 The rubbing and washing color fastnesses of spun-dyed regenerated cellulose fibers 875:956 The rubbing and washing color fastnesses of spun-dyed regenerated cellulose fibers could satisfy requirements of most textiles. 24299855 2 27 theme CB/latex 301:308 arg1 composite 310:318 the CB/latex composite 297:318 the CB/latex composite 297:318 Analysis of experimental results revealed that the CB/latex composite had a small particle size and a narrow particle size distribution which were important to ensure a stable dispersion being later added to spinning solution. 24299855 2 28 theme particle 359:366 arg1 distribution 373:384 a narrow particle size distribution 350:384 a narrow particle size distribution 350:384 Analysis of experimental results revealed that the CB/latex composite had a small particle size and a narrow particle size distribution which were important to ensure a stable dispersion being later added to spinning solution. 24299855 2 28 theme particle 359:366 arg1 important 397:405 important 397:405 important 397:405 Analysis of experimental results revealed that the CB/latex composite had a small particle size and a narrow particle size distribution which were important to ensure a stable dispersion being later added to spinning solution. 24299855 2 29 theme stable 419:424 arg1 dispersion 426:435 a stable dispersion 417:435 a stable dispersion being later added to spinning solution 417:474 Analysis of experimental results revealed that the CB/latex composite had a small particle size and a narrow particle size distribution which were important to ensure a stable dispersion being later added to spinning solution. 24299855 5 30 theme spun-dyed 919:927 arg1 fibers 951:956 spun-dyed regenerated cellulose fibers 919:956 spun-dyed regenerated cellulose fibers 919:956 The rubbing and washing color fastnesses of spun-dyed regenerated cellulose fibers could satisfy requirements of most textiles. 24299855 4 31 theme % 706:706 arg1 ratio 713:717 a 3.5% mass ratio 701:717 a 3.5% mass ratio of CB/latex composite to cellulose 701:752 When a 3.5% mass ratio of CB/latex composite to cellulose was used for spun dyeing, the spun-dyed fibers had the highest tensile strength, breaking elongation and color strength. 24299855 3 32 theme CB/latex 510:517 arg1 dispersion 529:538 the prepared CB/latex composite dispersion 497:538 the prepared CB/latex composite dispersion in the spinning solution 497:563 A good stability of the prepared CB/latex composite dispersion in the spinning solution indicated that it was highly possible to use the CB/latex composite as a colorant for spun dyeing of regenerated cellulose fibers. 24299855 3 33 theme spinning 547:554 arg1 solution 556:563 the spinning solution 543:563 the spinning solution 543:563 A good stability of the prepared CB/latex composite dispersion in the spinning solution indicated that it was highly possible to use the CB/latex composite as a colorant for spun dyeing of regenerated cellulose fibers. 24299855 5 34 theme regenerated 929:939 arg1 fibers 951:956 spun-dyed regenerated cellulose fibers 919:956 spun-dyed regenerated cellulose fibers 919:956 The rubbing and washing color fastnesses of spun-dyed regenerated cellulose fibers could satisfy requirements of most textiles. 24299855 0 35 theme carbon 44:49 arg1 dispersion 73:82 carbon black/latex composite dispersion 44:82 carbon black/latex composite dispersion 44:82 Regenerated cellulose fibers spun-dyed with carbon black/latex composite dispersion. 24299855 3 36 theme good 479:482 arg1 stability 484:492 A good stability 477:492 A good stability of the prepared CB/latex composite dispersion in the spinning solution 477:563 A good stability of the prepared CB/latex composite dispersion in the spinning solution indicated that it was highly possible to use the CB/latex composite as a colorant for spun dyeing of regenerated cellulose fibers. 24299855 5 37 theme most 988:991 arg1 textiles 993:1000 most textiles 988:1000 most textiles 988:1000 The rubbing and washing color fastnesses of spun-dyed regenerated cellulose fibers could satisfy requirements of most textiles. 24299855 4 38 used used 758:761 arg2 ratio 713:717 a 3.5% mass ratio 701:717 a 3.5% mass ratio of CB/latex composite to cellulose 701:752 When a 3.5% mass ratio of CB/latex composite to cellulose was used for spun dyeing, the spun-dyed fibers had the highest tensile strength, breaking elongation and color strength. 24299855 6 39 theme spun-dyed 1052:1060 arg1 cellulose 1074:1082 spun-dyed regenerated cellulose 1052:1082 spun-dyed regenerated cellulose 1052:1082 This study provided a new insight into producing spun-dyed regenerated cellulose with a novel colorant. 24299855 3 40 theme CB/latex 614:621 arg1 composite 623:631 the CB/latex composite 610:631 the CB/latex composite 610:631 A good stability of the prepared CB/latex composite dispersion in the spinning solution indicated that it was highly possible to use the CB/latex composite as a colorant for spun dyeing of regenerated cellulose fibers. 24299855 3 40 theme CB/latex 614:621 arg1 colorant 638:645 a colorant 636:645 a colorant for spun dyeing of regenerated cellulose fibers 636:693 A good stability of the prepared CB/latex composite dispersion in the spinning solution indicated that it was highly possible to use the CB/latex composite as a colorant for spun dyeing of regenerated cellulose fibers. 24299855 5 41 theme textiles 993:1000 arg1 requirements 972:983 requirements 972:983 requirements of most textiles 972:1000 The rubbing and washing color fastnesses of spun-dyed regenerated cellulose fibers could satisfy requirements of most textiles. 24299855 0 42 theme composite 63:71 arg1 dispersion 73:82 carbon black/latex composite dispersion 44:82 carbon black/latex composite dispersion 44:82 Regenerated cellulose fibers spun-dyed with carbon black/latex composite dispersion. 24299855 4 43 theme spun-dyed 784:792 arg1 fibers 794:799 the spun-dyed fibers 780:799 the spun-dyed fibers 780:799 When a 3.5% mass ratio of CB/latex composite to cellulose was used for spun dyeing, the spun-dyed fibers had the highest tensile strength, breaking elongation and color strength. 24299855 2 44 theme particle 332:339 arg1 important 397:405 important 397:405 important 397:405 Analysis of experimental results revealed that the CB/latex composite had a small particle size and a narrow particle size distribution which were important to ensure a stable dispersion being later added to spinning solution. 24299855 2 44 theme particle 332:339 arg1 size 341:344 a small particle size 324:344 a small particle size 324:344 Analysis of experimental results revealed that the CB/latex composite had a small particle size and a narrow particle size distribution which were important to ensure a stable dispersion being later added to spinning solution. 24299855 0 45 theme black/latex 51:61 arg1 dispersion 73:82 carbon black/latex composite dispersion 44:82 carbon black/latex composite dispersion 44:82 Regenerated cellulose fibers spun-dyed with carbon black/latex composite dispersion. 24299855 3 46 theme cellulose 678:686 arg1 fibers 688:693 regenerated cellulose fibers 666:693 regenerated cellulose fibers 666:693 A good stability of the prepared CB/latex composite dispersion in the spinning solution indicated that it was highly possible to use the CB/latex composite as a colorant for spun dyeing of regenerated cellulose fibers. 24299855 3 47 theme spun 651:654 arg1 dyeing 656:661 spun dyeing 651:661 spun dyeing of regenerated cellulose fibers 651:693 A good stability of the prepared CB/latex composite dispersion in the spinning solution indicated that it was highly possible to use the CB/latex composite as a colorant for spun dyeing of regenerated cellulose fibers. 24299855 2 48 theme small 326:330 arg1 important 397:405 important 397:405 important 397:405 Analysis of experimental results revealed that the CB/latex composite had a small particle size and a narrow particle size distribution which were important to ensure a stable dispersion being later added to spinning solution. 24299855 2 48 theme small 326:330 arg1 size 341:344 a small particle size 324:344 a small particle size 324:344 Analysis of experimental results revealed that the CB/latex composite had a small particle size and a narrow particle size distribution which were important to ensure a stable dispersion being later added to spinning solution. 24299855 5 49 theme washing 891:897 arg1 fastnesses 905:914 The rubbing and washing color fastnesses 875:914 The rubbing and washing color fastnesses of spun-dyed regenerated cellulose fibers 875:956 The rubbing and washing color fastnesses of spun-dyed regenerated cellulose fibers could satisfy requirements of most textiles. 24299855 4 50 theme 3.5 703:705 arg1 % 706:706 % 706:706 % 706:706 When a 3.5% mass ratio of CB/latex composite to cellulose was used for spun dyeing, the spun-dyed fibers had the highest tensile strength, breaking elongation and color strength. 24299855 1 51 theme spun 205:208 arg1 dyeing 210:215 spun dyeing 205:215 spun dyeing of regenerated cellulose fibers 205:247 A carbon black (CB)/latex composite was prepared by the method of miniemulsion polymerization for use as a colorant for spun dyeing of regenerated cellulose fibers. 24299855 4 52 theme color 859:863 arg1 strength 865:872 color strength 859:872 color strength 859:872 When a 3.5% mass ratio of CB/latex composite to cellulose was used for spun dyeing, the spun-dyed fibers had the highest tensile strength, breaking elongation and color strength. 24299855 4 53 theme composite 731:739 arg1 ratio 713:717 a 3.5% mass ratio 701:717 a 3.5% mass ratio of CB/latex composite to cellulose 701:752 When a 3.5% mass ratio of CB/latex composite to cellulose was used for spun dyeing, the spun-dyed fibers had the highest tensile strength, breaking elongation and color strength. 24299855 6 54 theme novel 1091:1095 arg1 colorant 1097:1104 a novel colorant 1089:1104 a novel colorant 1089:1104 This study provided a new insight into producing spun-dyed regenerated cellulose with a novel colorant. 24299855 3 55 from solution 556:563 arg1 stability 484:492 A good stability 477:492 A good stability of the prepared CB/latex composite dispersion in the spinning solution 477:563 A good stability of the prepared CB/latex composite dispersion in the spinning solution indicated that it was highly possible to use the CB/latex composite as a colorant for spun dyeing of regenerated cellulose fibers. 24299855 5 56 theme rubbing 879:885 arg1 fastnesses 905:914 The rubbing and washing color fastnesses 875:914 The rubbing and washing color fastnesses of spun-dyed regenerated cellulose fibers 875:956 The rubbing and washing color fastnesses of spun-dyed regenerated cellulose fibers could satisfy requirements of most textiles. 24299855 5 57 theme cellulose 941:949 arg1 fibers 951:956 spun-dyed regenerated cellulose fibers 919:956 spun-dyed regenerated cellulose fibers 919:956 The rubbing and washing color fastnesses of spun-dyed regenerated cellulose fibers could satisfy requirements of most textiles. 24299855 4 58 theme spun 767:770 arg1 dyeing 772:777 spun dyeing 767:777 spun dyeing 767:777 When a 3.5% mass ratio of CB/latex composite to cellulose was used for spun dyeing, the spun-dyed fibers had the highest tensile strength, breaking elongation and color strength. 24299855 6 59 theme new 1025:1027 arg1 insight 1029:1035 a new insight 1023:1035 a new insight into producing spun-dyed regenerated cellulose with a novel colorant 1023:1104 This study provided a new insight into producing spun-dyed regenerated cellulose with a novel colorant. 24299855 2 60 theme narrow 352:357 arg1 distribution 373:384 a narrow particle size distribution 350:384 a narrow particle size distribution 350:384 Analysis of experimental results revealed that the CB/latex composite had a small particle size and a narrow particle size distribution which were important to ensure a stable dispersion being later added to spinning solution. 24299855 2 60 theme narrow 352:357 arg1 important 397:405 important 397:405 important 397:405 Analysis of experimental results revealed that the CB/latex composite had a small particle size and a narrow particle size distribution which were important to ensure a stable dispersion being later added to spinning solution. 24299855 4 61 contain had 801:803 arg2 elongation 844:853 breaking elongation 835:853 breaking elongation 835:853 When a 3.5% mass ratio of CB/latex composite to cellulose was used for spun dyeing, the spun-dyed fibers had the highest tensile strength, breaking elongation and color strength. 24299855 4 61 contain had 801:803 arg1 fibers 794:799 the spun-dyed fibers 780:799 the spun-dyed fibers 780:799 When a 3.5% mass ratio of CB/latex composite to cellulose was used for spun dyeing, the spun-dyed fibers had the highest tensile strength, breaking elongation and color strength. 24299855 4 61 contain had 801:803 arg2 strength 865:872 color strength 859:872 color strength 859:872 When a 3.5% mass ratio of CB/latex composite to cellulose was used for spun dyeing, the spun-dyed fibers had the highest tensile strength, breaking elongation and color strength. 24299855 4 61 contain had 801:803 arg2 strength 825:832 tensile strength 817:832 tensile strength 817:832 When a 3.5% mass ratio of CB/latex composite to cellulose was used for spun dyeing, the spun-dyed fibers had the highest tensile strength, breaking elongation and color strength. 24299855 2 62 contain had 320:322 arg2 important 397:405 important 397:405 important 397:405 Analysis of experimental results revealed that the CB/latex composite had a small particle size and a narrow particle size distribution which were important to ensure a stable dispersion being later added to spinning solution. 24299855 2 62 contain had 320:322 arg2 distribution 373:384 a narrow particle size distribution 350:384 a narrow particle size distribution 350:384 Analysis of experimental results revealed that the CB/latex composite had a small particle size and a narrow particle size distribution which were important to ensure a stable dispersion being later added to spinning solution. 24299855 2 62 contain had 320:322 arg2 size 341:344 a small particle size 324:344 a small particle size 324:344 Analysis of experimental results revealed that the CB/latex composite had a small particle size and a narrow particle size distribution which were important to ensure a stable dispersion being later added to spinning solution. 24299855 2 62 contain had 320:322 arg1 composite 310:318 the CB/latex composite 297:318 the CB/latex composite 297:318 Analysis of experimental results revealed that the CB/latex composite had a small particle size and a narrow particle size distribution which were important to ensure a stable dispersion being later added to spinning solution. 24299855 3 63 theme prepared 501:508 arg1 dispersion 529:538 the prepared CB/latex composite dispersion 497:538 the prepared CB/latex composite dispersion in the spinning solution 497:563 A good stability of the prepared CB/latex composite dispersion in the spinning solution indicated that it was highly possible to use the CB/latex composite as a colorant for spun dyeing of regenerated cellulose fibers. 24299855 1 64 theme regenerated 220:230 arg1 fibers 242:247 regenerated cellulose fibers 220:247 regenerated cellulose fibers 220:247 A carbon black (CB)/latex composite was prepared by the method of miniemulsion polymerization for use as a colorant for spun dyeing of regenerated cellulose fibers. 26714293 4 0 theme electric 645:652 arg1 potential 654:662 an electric potential 642:662 an electric potential of 1.2 V 642:671 At an electric potential of 1.2 V, the electrosorption capacity and electrosorption rate of NaCl ions on the CNTs-CS composite electrode were determined to be 10.7 mg g(-1) and 0.051 min(-1), respectively, which were considerably higher than those of conventional activated electrodes. 26714293 2 1 theme good 372:375 arg1 pore 377:380 good pore 372:380 good pore 372:380 The CNTs-CS composite electrode was shown to possess excellent capacitive behaviors and good pore accessibility by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and cyclic voltammetry measurements in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. 26714293 4 2 theme conventional 890:901 arg1 electrodes 913:922 conventional activated electrodes 890:922 conventional activated electrodes 890:922 At an electric potential of 1.2 V, the electrosorption capacity and electrosorption rate of NaCl ions on the CNTs-CS composite electrode were determined to be 10.7 mg g(-1) and 0.051 min(-1), respectively, which were considerably higher than those of conventional activated electrodes. 26714293 7 3 contain had 1191:1193 arg1 electrode 1181:1189 the CNTs-CS composite electrode 1159:1189 the CNTs-CS composite electrode 1159:1189 Upon polarization at 0.6 V, the CNTs-CS composite electrode had a larger electrosorption capacity of 26.4 mg g(-1) and a higher electrosorption rate of 0.006 min(-1) for aniline compared with the open circuit condition. 26714293 7 3 contain had 1191:1193 arg2 capacity 1220:1227 a larger electrosorption capacity 1195:1227 a larger electrosorption capacity of 26.4 mg g(-1) 1195:1244 Upon polarization at 0.6 V, the CNTs-CS composite electrode had a larger electrosorption capacity of 26.4 mg g(-1) and a higher electrosorption rate of 0.006 min(-1) for aniline compared with the open circuit condition. 26714293 7 3 contain had 1191:1193 arg2 rate 1275:1278 a higher electrosorption rate 1250:1278 a higher electrosorption rate of 0.006 min(-1) for aniline 1250:1307 Upon polarization at 0.6 V, the CNTs-CS composite electrode had a larger electrosorption capacity of 26.4 mg g(-1) and a higher electrosorption rate of 0.006 min(-1) for aniline compared with the open circuit condition. 26714293 3 4 theme capacitive 608:617 arg1 desalination 625:636 capacitive water desalination 608:636 capacitive water desalination 608:636 Moreover, the CNTs-CS composite electrode showed promising performance for capacitive water desalination. 26714293 9 5 theme electrosorption 1702:1716 arg1 process 1718:1724 the electrosorption process 1698:1724 the electrosorption process 1698:1724 Consequently, the CNT-CS composite electrode, exhibiting typical double-layer capacitor behavior and a sufficient potential range, can be a potential electrode material for application in the electrosorption process. 26714293 1 6 theme nanotubes-chitosan 171:188 arg1 electrode 210:218 a multiwalled carbon nanotubes-chitosan (CNTs-CS) composite electrode 150:218 a multiwalled carbon nanotubes-chitosan (CNTs-CS) composite electrode 150:218 In this study, a multiwalled carbon nanotubes-chitosan (CNTs-CS) composite electrode was fabricated to enable water purification by electrosorption. 26714293 4 7 theme ions 736:739 arg1 capacity 694:701 electrosorption capacity 678:701 electrosorption capacity 678:701 At an electric potential of 1.2 V, the electrosorption capacity and electrosorption rate of NaCl ions on the CNTs-CS composite electrode were determined to be 10.7 mg g(-1) and 0.051 min(-1), respectively, which were considerably higher than those of conventional activated electrodes. 26714293 4 7 theme ions 736:739 arg1 rate 723:726 electrosorption rate 707:726 electrosorption rate 707:726 At an electric potential of 1.2 V, the electrosorption capacity and electrosorption rate of NaCl ions on the CNTs-CS composite electrode were determined to be 10.7 mg g(-1) and 0.051 min(-1), respectively, which were considerably higher than those of conventional activated electrodes. 26714293 1 8 theme CNTs-CS 191:197 arg1 electrode 210:218 a multiwalled carbon nanotubes-chitosan (CNTs-CS) composite electrode 150:218 a multiwalled carbon nanotubes-chitosan (CNTs-CS) composite electrode 150:218 In this study, a multiwalled carbon nanotubes-chitosan (CNTs-CS) composite electrode was fabricated to enable water purification by electrosorption. 26714293 2 9 from accessibility 382:394 arg1 electrolyte 520:530 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte 510:530 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte 510:530 The CNTs-CS composite electrode was shown to possess excellent capacitive behaviors and good pore accessibility by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and cyclic voltammetry measurements in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. 26714293 3 10 theme composite 555:563 arg1 electrode 565:573 the CNTs-CS composite electrode 543:573 the CNTs-CS composite electrode 543:573 Moreover, the CNTs-CS composite electrode showed promising performance for capacitive water desalination. 26714293 4 11 from capacity 694:701 arg1 electrode 766:774 the CNTs-CS composite electrode 744:774 the CNTs-CS composite electrode 744:774 At an electric potential of 1.2 V, the electrosorption capacity and electrosorption rate of NaCl ions on the CNTs-CS composite electrode were determined to be 10.7 mg g(-1) and 0.051 min(-1), respectively, which were considerably higher than those of conventional activated electrodes. 26714293 1 12 theme composite 200:208 arg1 electrode 210:218 a multiwalled carbon nanotubes-chitosan (CNTs-CS) composite electrode 150:218 a multiwalled carbon nanotubes-chitosan (CNTs-CS) composite electrode 150:218 In this study, a multiwalled carbon nanotubes-chitosan (CNTs-CS) composite electrode was fabricated to enable water purification by electrosorption. 26714293 4 13 theme electrosorption 707:721 arg1 rate 723:726 electrosorption rate 707:726 electrosorption rate 707:726 At an electric potential of 1.2 V, the electrosorption capacity and electrosorption rate of NaCl ions on the CNTs-CS composite electrode were determined to be 10.7 mg g(-1) and 0.051 min(-1), respectively, which were considerably higher than those of conventional activated electrodes. 26714293 5 14 theme electrosorption 938:952 arg1 performance 954:964 The improved electrosorption performance 925:964 The improved electrosorption performance 925:964 The improved electrosorption performance could be ascribed to the existence of mesopores. 26714293 9 15 theme CNT-CS 1528:1533 arg1 electrode 1545:1553 the CNT-CS composite electrode 1524:1553 the CNT-CS composite electrode 1524:1553 Consequently, the CNT-CS composite electrode, exhibiting typical double-layer capacitor behavior and a sufficient potential range, can be a potential electrode material for application in the electrosorption process. 26714293 9 15 theme CNT-CS 1528:1533 arg1 material 1670:1677 a potential electrode material 1648:1677 a potential electrode material for application in the electrosorption process 1648:1724 Consequently, the CNT-CS composite electrode, exhibiting typical double-layer capacitor behavior and a sufficient potential range, can be a potential electrode material for application in the electrosorption process. 26714293 6 16 theme removal 1064:1070 arg1 feasibility 1033:1043 the feasibility 1029:1043 the feasibility of electrosorptive removal of aniline from an aqueous solution 1029:1106 Additionally, the feasibility of electrosorptive removal of aniline from an aqueous solution has been demonstrated. 26714293 7 17 theme circuit 1332:1338 arg1 condition 1340:1348 the open circuit condition 1323:1348 the open circuit condition 1323:1348 Upon polarization at 0.6 V, the CNTs-CS composite electrode had a larger electrosorption capacity of 26.4 mg g(-1) and a higher electrosorption rate of 0.006 min(-1) for aniline compared with the open circuit condition. 26714293 4 18 theme composite 756:764 arg1 electrode 766:774 the CNTs-CS composite electrode 744:774 the CNTs-CS composite electrode 744:774 At an electric potential of 1.2 V, the electrosorption capacity and electrosorption rate of NaCl ions on the CNTs-CS composite electrode were determined to be 10.7 mg g(-1) and 0.051 min(-1), respectively, which were considerably higher than those of conventional activated electrodes. 26714293 1 19 theme multiwalled 152:162 arg1 electrode 210:218 a multiwalled carbon nanotubes-chitosan (CNTs-CS) composite electrode 150:218 a multiwalled carbon nanotubes-chitosan (CNTs-CS) composite electrode 150:218 In this study, a multiwalled carbon nanotubes-chitosan (CNTs-CS) composite electrode was fabricated to enable water purification by electrosorption. 26714293 0 20 theme electrosorption 87:101 arg1 process 103:109 the electrosorption process 83:109 the electrosorption process for water purification 83:132 Application of a multiwalled carbon nanotube-chitosan composite as an electrode in the electrosorption process for water purification. 26714293 2 21 theme composite 296:304 arg1 electrode 306:314 The CNTs-CS composite electrode 284:314 The CNTs-CS composite electrode 284:314 The CNTs-CS composite electrode was shown to possess excellent capacitive behaviors and good pore accessibility by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and cyclic voltammetry measurements in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. 26714293 9 22 theme double-layer 1575:1586 arg1 behavior 1598:1605 typical double-layer capacitor behavior 1567:1605 typical double-layer capacitor behavior 1567:1605 Consequently, the CNT-CS composite electrode, exhibiting typical double-layer capacitor behavior and a sufficient potential range, can be a potential electrode material for application in the electrosorption process. 26714293 7 23 theme 26.4 1232:1235 arg1 mg 1237:1238 mg 1237:1238 mg 1237:1238 Upon polarization at 0.6 V, the CNTs-CS composite electrode had a larger electrosorption capacity of 26.4 mg g(-1) and a higher electrosorption rate of 0.006 min(-1) for aniline compared with the open circuit condition. 26714293 7 24 theme open 1327:1330 arg1 condition 1340:1348 the open circuit condition 1323:1348 the open circuit condition 1323:1348 Upon polarization at 0.6 V, the CNTs-CS composite electrode had a larger electrosorption capacity of 26.4 mg g(-1) and a higher electrosorption rate of 0.006 min(-1) for aniline compared with the open circuit condition. 26714293 6 25 from feasibility 1033:1043 arg1 solution 1099:1106 an aqueous solution 1088:1106 an aqueous solution 1088:1106 Additionally, the feasibility of electrosorptive removal of aniline from an aqueous solution has been demonstrated. 26714293 2 26 theme impedance 415:423 arg1 spectroscopy 425:436 electrochemical impedance spectroscopy 399:436 electrochemical impedance spectroscopy 399:436 The CNTs-CS composite electrode was shown to possess excellent capacitive behaviors and good pore accessibility by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and cyclic voltammetry measurements in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. 26714293 2 27 theme voltammetry 482:492 arg1 measurements 494:505 cyclic voltammetry measurements 475:505 cyclic voltammetry measurements 475:505 The CNTs-CS composite electrode was shown to possess excellent capacitive behaviors and good pore accessibility by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and cyclic voltammetry measurements in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. 26714293 7 28 theme larger 1197:1202 arg1 capacity 1220:1227 a larger electrosorption capacity 1195:1227 a larger electrosorption capacity of 26.4 mg g(-1) 1195:1244 Upon polarization at 0.6 V, the CNTs-CS composite electrode had a larger electrosorption capacity of 26.4 mg g(-1) and a higher electrosorption rate of 0.006 min(-1) for aniline compared with the open circuit condition. 26714293 3 29 theme promising 582:590 arg1 performance 592:602 promising performance 582:602 promising performance for capacitive water desalination 582:636 Moreover, the CNTs-CS composite electrode showed promising performance for capacitive water desalination. 26714293 9 30 theme potential 1624:1632 arg1 range 1634:1638 a sufficient potential range 1611:1638 a sufficient potential range 1611:1638 Consequently, the CNT-CS composite electrode, exhibiting typical double-layer capacitor behavior and a sufficient potential range, can be a potential electrode material for application in the electrosorption process. 26714293 8 31 theme improved 1393:1400 arg1 affinity 1402:1409 the improved affinity 1389:1409 the improved affinity between aniline and the electrode under electrochemical assistance involving a nonfaradic process 1389:1507 The enhanced adsorption resulted from the improved affinity between aniline and the electrode under electrochemical assistance involving a nonfaradic process. 26714293 0 32 theme carbon 29:34 arg1 composite 54:62 a multiwalled carbon nanotube-chitosan composite 15:62 a multiwalled carbon nanotube-chitosan composite 15:62 Application of a multiwalled carbon nanotube-chitosan composite as an electrode in the electrosorption process for water purification. 26714293 6 33 theme aniline 1075:1081 arg1 removal 1064:1070 electrosorptive removal 1048:1070 electrosorptive removal of aniline from an aqueous solution 1048:1106 Additionally, the feasibility of electrosorptive removal of aniline from an aqueous solution has been demonstrated. 26714293 2 34 theme M 512:512 arg1 electrolyte 520:530 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte 510:530 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte 510:530 The CNTs-CS composite electrode was shown to possess excellent capacitive behaviors and good pore accessibility by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and cyclic voltammetry measurements in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. 26714293 7 35 from V 1156:1156 arg1 polarization 1136:1147 polarization 1136:1147 polarization at 0.6 V 1136:1156 Upon polarization at 0.6 V, the CNTs-CS composite electrode had a larger electrosorption capacity of 26.4 mg g(-1) and a higher electrosorption rate of 0.006 min(-1) for aniline compared with the open circuit condition. 26714293 0 36 theme composite 54:62 arg1 Application 0:10 Application 0:10 Application of a multiwalled carbon nanotube-chitosan composite as an electrode in the electrosorption process for water purification. 0:133 Application of a multiwalled carbon nanotube-chitosan composite as an electrode in the electrosorption process for water purification. 26714293 2 37 theme capacitive 347:356 arg1 behaviors 358:366 capacitive behaviors 347:366 capacitive behaviors 347:366 The CNTs-CS composite electrode was shown to possess excellent capacitive behaviors and good pore accessibility by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and cyclic voltammetry measurements in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. 26714293 9 38 theme potential 1650:1658 arg1 electrode 1545:1553 the CNT-CS composite electrode 1524:1553 the CNT-CS composite electrode 1524:1553 Consequently, the CNT-CS composite electrode, exhibiting typical double-layer capacitor behavior and a sufficient potential range, can be a potential electrode material for application in the electrosorption process. 26714293 9 38 theme potential 1650:1658 arg1 material 1670:1677 a potential electrode material 1648:1677 a potential electrode material for application in the electrosorption process 1648:1724 Consequently, the CNT-CS composite electrode, exhibiting typical double-layer capacitor behavior and a sufficient potential range, can be a potential electrode material for application in the electrosorption process. 26714293 2 39 theme pore 377:380 arg1 accessibility 382:394 excellent capacitive behaviors and good pore accessibility 337:394 excellent capacitive behaviors and good pore accessibility by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and cyclic voltammetry measurements in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte 337:530 The CNTs-CS composite electrode was shown to possess excellent capacitive behaviors and good pore accessibility by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and cyclic voltammetry measurements in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. 26714293 7 40 theme higher 1252:1257 arg1 rate 1275:1278 a higher electrosorption rate 1250:1278 a higher electrosorption rate of 0.006 min(-1) for aniline 1250:1307 Upon polarization at 0.6 V, the CNTs-CS composite electrode had a larger electrosorption capacity of 26.4 mg g(-1) and a higher electrosorption rate of 0.006 min(-1) for aniline compared with the open circuit condition. 26714293 6 41 from solution 1099:1106 arg1 feasibility 1033:1043 the feasibility 1029:1043 the feasibility of electrosorptive removal of aniline from an aqueous solution 1029:1106 Additionally, the feasibility of electrosorptive removal of aniline from an aqueous solution has been demonstrated. 26714293 6 41 from solution 1099:1106 arg1 removal 1064:1070 electrosorptive removal 1048:1070 electrosorptive removal of aniline from an aqueous solution 1048:1106 Additionally, the feasibility of electrosorptive removal of aniline from an aqueous solution has been demonstrated. 26714293 2 42 theme CNTs-CS 288:294 arg1 electrode 306:314 The CNTs-CS composite electrode 284:314 The CNTs-CS composite electrode 284:314 The CNTs-CS composite electrode was shown to possess excellent capacitive behaviors and good pore accessibility by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and cyclic voltammetry measurements in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. 26714293 1 43 theme carbon 164:169 arg1 electrode 210:218 a multiwalled carbon nanotubes-chitosan (CNTs-CS) composite electrode 150:218 a multiwalled carbon nanotubes-chitosan (CNTs-CS) composite electrode 150:218 In this study, a multiwalled carbon nanotubes-chitosan (CNTs-CS) composite electrode was fabricated to enable water purification by electrosorption. 26714293 7 44 theme composite 1171:1179 arg1 electrode 1181:1189 the CNTs-CS composite electrode 1159:1189 the CNTs-CS composite electrode 1159:1189 Upon polarization at 0.6 V, the CNTs-CS composite electrode had a larger electrosorption capacity of 26.4 mg g(-1) and a higher electrosorption rate of 0.006 min(-1) for aniline compared with the open circuit condition. 26714293 4 45 from rate 723:726 arg1 electrode 766:774 the CNTs-CS composite electrode 744:774 the CNTs-CS composite electrode 744:774 At an electric potential of 1.2 V, the electrosorption capacity and electrosorption rate of NaCl ions on the CNTs-CS composite electrode were determined to be 10.7 mg g(-1) and 0.051 min(-1), respectively, which were considerably higher than those of conventional activated electrodes. 26714293 4 46 theme NaCl 731:734 arg1 ions 736:739 NaCl ions 731:739 NaCl ions 731:739 At an electric potential of 1.2 V, the electrosorption capacity and electrosorption rate of NaCl ions on the CNTs-CS composite electrode were determined to be 10.7 mg g(-1) and 0.051 min(-1), respectively, which were considerably higher than those of conventional activated electrodes. 26714293 3 47 theme water 619:623 arg1 desalination 625:636 capacitive water desalination 608:636 capacitive water desalination 608:636 Moreover, the CNTs-CS composite electrode showed promising performance for capacitive water desalination. 26714293 8 48 theme electrochemical 1451:1465 arg1 assistance 1467:1476 electrochemical assistance 1451:1476 electrochemical assistance involving a nonfaradic process 1451:1507 The enhanced adsorption resulted from the improved affinity between aniline and the electrode under electrochemical assistance involving a nonfaradic process. 26714293 4 49 theme electrosorption 678:692 arg1 capacity 694:701 electrosorption capacity 678:701 electrosorption capacity 678:701 At an electric potential of 1.2 V, the electrosorption capacity and electrosorption rate of NaCl ions on the CNTs-CS composite electrode were determined to be 10.7 mg g(-1) and 0.051 min(-1), respectively, which were considerably higher than those of conventional activated electrodes. 26714293 3 50 theme CNTs-CS 547:553 arg1 electrode 565:573 the CNTs-CS composite electrode 543:573 the CNTs-CS composite electrode 543:573 Moreover, the CNTs-CS composite electrode showed promising performance for capacitive water desalination. 26714293 0 51 from electrode 70:78 arg1 process 103:109 the electrosorption process 83:109 the electrosorption process for water purification 83:132 Application of a multiwalled carbon nanotube-chitosan composite as an electrode in the electrosorption process for water purification. 26714293 5 52 theme improved 929:936 arg1 performance 954:964 The improved electrosorption performance 925:964 The improved electrosorption performance 925:964 The improved electrosorption performance could be ascribed to the existence of mesopores. 26714293 4 53 theme activated 903:911 arg1 electrodes 913:922 conventional activated electrodes 890:922 conventional activated electrodes 890:922 At an electric potential of 1.2 V, the electrosorption capacity and electrosorption rate of NaCl ions on the CNTs-CS composite electrode were determined to be 10.7 mg g(-1) and 0.051 min(-1), respectively, which were considerably higher than those of conventional activated electrodes. 26714293 8 54 theme nonfaradic 1490:1499 arg1 process 1501:1507 a nonfaradic process 1488:1507 a nonfaradic process 1488:1507 The enhanced adsorption resulted from the improved affinity between aniline and the electrode under electrochemical assistance involving a nonfaradic process. 26714293 9 55 theme composite 1535:1543 arg1 electrode 1545:1553 the CNT-CS composite electrode 1524:1553 the CNT-CS composite electrode 1524:1553 Consequently, the CNT-CS composite electrode, exhibiting typical double-layer capacitor behavior and a sufficient potential range, can be a potential electrode material for application in the electrosorption process. 26714293 9 55 theme composite 1535:1543 arg1 material 1670:1677 a potential electrode material 1648:1677 a potential electrode material for application in the electrosorption process 1648:1724 Consequently, the CNT-CS composite electrode, exhibiting typical double-layer capacitor behavior and a sufficient potential range, can be a potential electrode material for application in the electrosorption process. 26714293 6 56 theme electrosorptive 1048:1062 arg1 removal 1064:1070 electrosorptive removal 1048:1070 electrosorptive removal of aniline from an aqueous solution 1048:1106 Additionally, the feasibility of electrosorptive removal of aniline from an aqueous solution has been demonstrated. 26714293 7 57 theme g 1240:1240 arg1 rate 1275:1278 a higher electrosorption rate 1250:1278 a higher electrosorption rate of 0.006 min(-1) for aniline 1250:1307 Upon polarization at 0.6 V, the CNTs-CS composite electrode had a larger electrosorption capacity of 26.4 mg g(-1) and a higher electrosorption rate of 0.006 min(-1) for aniline compared with the open circuit condition. 26714293 7 57 theme g 1240:1240 arg1 capacity 1220:1227 a larger electrosorption capacity 1195:1227 a larger electrosorption capacity of 26.4 mg g(-1) 1195:1244 Upon polarization at 0.6 V, the CNTs-CS composite electrode had a larger electrosorption capacity of 26.4 mg g(-1) and a higher electrosorption rate of 0.006 min(-1) for aniline compared with the open circuit condition. 26714293 4 58 theme CNTs-CS 748:754 arg1 electrode 766:774 the CNTs-CS composite electrode 744:774 the CNTs-CS composite electrode 744:774 At an electric potential of 1.2 V, the electrosorption capacity and electrosorption rate of NaCl ions on the CNTs-CS composite electrode were determined to be 10.7 mg g(-1) and 0.051 min(-1), respectively, which were considerably higher than those of conventional activated electrodes. 26714293 7 59 theme mg 1237:1238 arg1 -1 1242:1243 -1 1242:1243 -1 1242:1243 Upon polarization at 0.6 V, the CNTs-CS composite electrode had a larger electrosorption capacity of 26.4 mg g(-1) and a higher electrosorption rate of 0.006 min(-1) for aniline compared with the open circuit condition. 26714293 7 59 theme mg 1237:1238 arg1 g 1240:1240 26.4 mg g 1232:1240 26.4 mg g(-1) 1232:1244 Upon polarization at 0.6 V, the CNTs-CS composite electrode had a larger electrosorption capacity of 26.4 mg g(-1) and a higher electrosorption rate of 0.006 min(-1) for aniline compared with the open circuit condition. 26714293 9 60 theme typical 1567:1573 arg1 behavior 1598:1605 typical double-layer capacitor behavior 1567:1605 typical double-layer capacitor behavior 1567:1605 Consequently, the CNT-CS composite electrode, exhibiting typical double-layer capacitor behavior and a sufficient potential range, can be a potential electrode material for application in the electrosorption process. 26714293 0 61 theme water 115:119 arg1 purification 121:132 water purification 115:132 water purification 115:132 Application of a multiwalled carbon nanotube-chitosan composite as an electrode in the electrosorption process for water purification. 26714293 9 62 theme capacitor 1588:1596 arg1 behavior 1598:1605 typical double-layer capacitor behavior 1567:1605 typical double-layer capacitor behavior 1567:1605 Consequently, the CNT-CS composite electrode, exhibiting typical double-layer capacitor behavior and a sufficient potential range, can be a potential electrode material for application in the electrosorption process. 26714293 9 63 from material 1670:1677 arg1 process 1718:1724 the electrosorption process 1698:1724 the electrosorption process 1698:1724 Consequently, the CNT-CS composite electrode, exhibiting typical double-layer capacitor behavior and a sufficient potential range, can be a potential electrode material for application in the electrosorption process. 26714293 7 64 theme electrosorption 1204:1218 arg1 capacity 1220:1227 a larger electrosorption capacity 1195:1227 a larger electrosorption capacity of 26.4 mg g(-1) 1195:1244 Upon polarization at 0.6 V, the CNTs-CS composite electrode had a larger electrosorption capacity of 26.4 mg g(-1) and a higher electrosorption rate of 0.006 min(-1) for aniline compared with the open circuit condition. 26714293 8 65 theme enhanced 1355:1362 arg1 adsorption 1364:1373 The enhanced adsorption 1351:1373 The enhanced adsorption 1351:1373 The enhanced adsorption resulted from the improved affinity between aniline and the electrode under electrochemical assistance involving a nonfaradic process. 26714293 2 66 theme electrochemical 399:413 arg1 spectroscopy 425:436 electrochemical impedance spectroscopy 399:436 electrochemical impedance spectroscopy 399:436 The CNTs-CS composite electrode was shown to possess excellent capacitive behaviors and good pore accessibility by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and cyclic voltammetry measurements in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. 26714293 0 67 theme multiwalled 17:27 arg1 composite 54:62 a multiwalled carbon nanotube-chitosan composite 15:62 a multiwalled carbon nanotube-chitosan composite 15:62 Application of a multiwalled carbon nanotube-chitosan composite as an electrode in the electrosorption process for water purification. 26714293 9 68 theme sufficient 1613:1622 arg1 range 1634:1638 a sufficient potential range 1611:1638 a sufficient potential range 1611:1638 Consequently, the CNT-CS composite electrode, exhibiting typical double-layer capacitor behavior and a sufficient potential range, can be a potential electrode material for application in the electrosorption process. 26714293 6 69 theme aqueous 1091:1097 arg1 solution 1099:1106 an aqueous solution 1088:1106 an aqueous solution 1088:1106 Additionally, the feasibility of electrosorptive removal of aniline from an aqueous solution has been demonstrated. 26714293 2 70 theme cyclic 475:480 arg1 measurements 494:505 cyclic voltammetry measurements 475:505 cyclic voltammetry measurements 475:505 The CNTs-CS composite electrode was shown to possess excellent capacitive behaviors and good pore accessibility by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and cyclic voltammetry measurements in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. 26714293 5 71 theme mesopores 1004:1012 arg1 existence 991:999 the existence 987:999 the existence of mesopores 987:1012 The improved electrosorption performance could be ascribed to the existence of mesopores. 26714293 4 72 theme mg 803:804 arg1 -1 808:809 -1 808:809 -1 808:809 At an electric potential of 1.2 V, the electrosorption capacity and electrosorption rate of NaCl ions on the CNTs-CS composite electrode were determined to be 10.7 mg g(-1) and 0.051 min(-1), respectively, which were considerably higher than those of conventional activated electrodes. 26714293 4 72 theme mg 803:804 arg1 g 806:806 10.7 mg g 798:806 10.7 mg g(-1) 798:810 At an electric potential of 1.2 V, the electrosorption capacity and electrosorption rate of NaCl ions on the CNTs-CS composite electrode were determined to be 10.7 mg g(-1) and 0.051 min(-1), respectively, which were considerably higher than those of conventional activated electrodes. 26714293 0 73 theme nanotube-chitosan 36:52 arg1 composite 54:62 a multiwalled carbon nanotube-chitosan composite 15:62 a multiwalled carbon nanotube-chitosan composite 15:62 Application of a multiwalled carbon nanotube-chitosan composite as an electrode in the electrosorption process for water purification. 26714293 2 74 theme H2SO4 514:518 arg1 electrolyte 520:530 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte 510:530 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte 510:530 The CNTs-CS composite electrode was shown to possess excellent capacitive behaviors and good pore accessibility by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and cyclic voltammetry measurements in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. 26714293 2 75 theme galvanostatic 439:451 arg1 charge-discharge 453:468 galvanostatic charge-discharge 439:468 galvanostatic charge-discharge 439:468 The CNTs-CS composite electrode was shown to possess excellent capacitive behaviors and good pore accessibility by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and cyclic voltammetry measurements in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. 26714293 7 76 theme CNTs-CS 1163:1169 arg1 electrode 1181:1189 the CNTs-CS composite electrode 1159:1189 the CNTs-CS composite electrode 1159:1189 Upon polarization at 0.6 V, the CNTs-CS composite electrode had a larger electrosorption capacity of 26.4 mg g(-1) and a higher electrosorption rate of 0.006 min(-1) for aniline compared with the open circuit condition. 26714293 4 77 dep capacity 694:701 arg1 the 674:676 the 674:676 the 674:676 At an electric potential of 1.2 V, the electrosorption capacity and electrosorption rate of NaCl ions on the CNTs-CS composite electrode were determined to be 10.7 mg g(-1) and 0.051 min(-1), respectively, which were considerably higher than those of conventional activated electrodes. 26714293 7 78 theme min 1289:1291 arg1 rate 1275:1278 a higher electrosorption rate 1250:1278 a higher electrosorption rate of 0.006 min(-1) for aniline 1250:1307 Upon polarization at 0.6 V, the CNTs-CS composite electrode had a larger electrosorption capacity of 26.4 mg g(-1) and a higher electrosorption rate of 0.006 min(-1) for aniline compared with the open circuit condition. 26714293 7 78 theme min 1289:1291 arg1 capacity 1220:1227 a larger electrosorption capacity 1195:1227 a larger electrosorption capacity of 26.4 mg g(-1) 1195:1244 Upon polarization at 0.6 V, the CNTs-CS composite electrode had a larger electrosorption capacity of 26.4 mg g(-1) and a higher electrosorption rate of 0.006 min(-1) for aniline compared with the open circuit condition. 26714293 2 79 theme 1 510:510 arg1 M 512:512 M 512:512 M 512:512 The CNTs-CS composite electrode was shown to possess excellent capacitive behaviors and good pore accessibility by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and cyclic voltammetry measurements in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. 26714293 2 80 theme behaviors 358:366 arg1 accessibility 382:394 excellent capacitive behaviors and good pore accessibility 337:394 excellent capacitive behaviors and good pore accessibility by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and cyclic voltammetry measurements in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte 337:530 The CNTs-CS composite electrode was shown to possess excellent capacitive behaviors and good pore accessibility by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and cyclic voltammetry measurements in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. 26714293 2 81 contain possess 329:335 arg1 electrode 306:314 The CNTs-CS composite electrode 284:314 The CNTs-CS composite electrode 284:314 The CNTs-CS composite electrode was shown to possess excellent capacitive behaviors and good pore accessibility by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and cyclic voltammetry measurements in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. 26714293 2 81 contain possess 329:335 arg2 accessibility 382:394 excellent capacitive behaviors and good pore accessibility 337:394 excellent capacitive behaviors and good pore accessibility by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and cyclic voltammetry measurements in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte 337:530 The CNTs-CS composite electrode was shown to possess excellent capacitive behaviors and good pore accessibility by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and cyclic voltammetry measurements in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. 26714293 4 82 theme V 671:671 arg1 potential 654:662 an electric potential 642:662 an electric potential of 1.2 V 642:671 At an electric potential of 1.2 V, the electrosorption capacity and electrosorption rate of NaCl ions on the CNTs-CS composite electrode were determined to be 10.7 mg g(-1) and 0.051 min(-1), respectively, which were considerably higher than those of conventional activated electrodes. 26714293 2 83 theme excellent 337:345 arg1 accessibility 382:394 excellent capacitive behaviors and good pore accessibility 337:394 excellent capacitive behaviors and good pore accessibility by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and cyclic voltammetry measurements in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte 337:530 The CNTs-CS composite electrode was shown to possess excellent capacitive behaviors and good pore accessibility by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and cyclic voltammetry measurements in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. 26714293 9 84 theme electrode 1660:1668 arg1 electrode 1545:1553 the CNT-CS composite electrode 1524:1553 the CNT-CS composite electrode 1524:1553 Consequently, the CNT-CS composite electrode, exhibiting typical double-layer capacitor behavior and a sufficient potential range, can be a potential electrode material for application in the electrosorption process. 26714293 9 84 theme electrode 1660:1668 arg1 material 1670:1677 a potential electrode material 1648:1677 a potential electrode material for application in the electrosorption process 1648:1724 Consequently, the CNT-CS composite electrode, exhibiting typical double-layer capacitor behavior and a sufficient potential range, can be a potential electrode material for application in the electrosorption process. 26714293 7 85 theme electrosorption 1259:1273 arg1 rate 1275:1278 a higher electrosorption rate 1250:1278 a higher electrosorption rate of 0.006 min(-1) for aniline 1250:1307 Upon polarization at 0.6 V, the CNTs-CS composite electrode had a larger electrosorption capacity of 26.4 mg g(-1) and a higher electrosorption rate of 0.006 min(-1) for aniline compared with the open circuit condition. 26714293 1 86 theme water 245:249 arg1 purification 251:262 water purification 245:262 water purification by electrosorption 245:281 In this study, a multiwalled carbon nanotubes-chitosan (CNTs-CS) composite electrode was fabricated to enable water purification by electrosorption. 26478280 10 0 theme Young 1229:1233 arg1 modulus 1237:1243 Young's modulus 1229:1243 Young's modulus 1229:1243 Moreover, membrane stiffness was up to 110% higher in the presence of the inorganic particles, as revealed by Young's modulus. 26478280 3 1 theme CaCO3 377:381 arg1 particles 383:391 CaCO3 particles 377:391 CaCO3 particles 377:391 We incorporated CaCO3 particles into the membranes to enhance their bioactivity and mechanical properties. 26478280 4 2 theme polymeric 556:564 arg1 matrix 566:571 the polymeric matrix 552:571 the polymeric matrix 552:571 Infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction data confirmed CaCO3 incorporation into the polymeric matrix. 26478280 2 3 theme helical 309:315 arg1 structures 317:326 helical structures 309:326 helical structures 309:326 Here, we report on the preparation of membranes consisting of carrageenan, a naturally occurring sulfated polysaccharide that forms helical structures in the presence of calcium ions. 26478280 5 4 theme human 695:699 arg1 fluid 706:710 the human body fluid 691:710 the human body fluid 691:710 We tested the bioactivity of the samples by immersing them in a solution that mimics the ionic composition and pH of the human body fluid. 26478280 8 5 theme CaCO3 1032:1036 arg1 particles 1038:1046 CaCO3 particles 1032:1046 CaCO3 particles 1032:1046 The wettability and surface free energy, evaluated by contact angle measures, increased in the presence of CaCO3 particles. 26478280 8 6 dep wettability 929:939 arg1 The 925:927 The 925:927 The 925:927 The wettability and surface free energy, evaluated by contact angle measures, increased in the presence of CaCO3 particles. 26478280 7 7 theme CaCO3 907:911 arg1 deposition 913:922 CaCO3 deposition 907:922 CaCO3 deposition 907:922 Scanning electron and atomic force microscopies aided investigation of membrane topography before and after CaCO3 deposition. 26478280 10 8 dep 110 1158:1160 arg1 to 1155:1156 to 1155:1156 to 1155:1156 Moreover, membrane stiffness was up to 110% higher in the presence of the inorganic particles, as revealed by Young's modulus. 26478280 5 9 dep composition 669:679 arg1 the 659:661 the 659:661 the 659:661 We tested the bioactivity of the samples by immersing them in a solution that mimics the ionic composition and pH of the human body fluid. 26478280 5 10 theme ionic 663:667 arg1 composition 669:679 ionic composition 663:679 ionic composition 663:679 We tested the bioactivity of the samples by immersing them in a solution that mimics the ionic composition and pH of the human body fluid. 26478280 4 11 theme CaCO3 527:531 arg1 incorporation 533:545 CaCO3 incorporation 527:545 CaCO3 incorporation into the polymeric matrix 527:571 Infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction data confirmed CaCO3 incorporation into the polymeric matrix. 26478280 8 12 theme particles 1038:1046 arg1 presence 1020:1027 the presence 1016:1027 the presence of CaCO3 particles 1016:1046 The wettability and surface free energy, evaluated by contact angle measures, increased in the presence of CaCO3 particles. 26478280 1 13 theme polymeric 99:107 arg1 membranes 109:117 polymeric membranes 99:117 polymeric membranes 99:117 The high biocompatibility and resorbability of polymeric membranes have encouraged their use to manufacture medical devices. 26478280 6 14 theme hybrid 717:722 arg1 membranes 724:732 The hybrid membranes 713:732 The hybrid membranes 713:732 The hybrid membranes generated hydroxyapatite, as attested by X-ray diffraction data. 26478280 3 15 theme mechanical 445:454 arg1 properties 456:465 their bioactivity and mechanical properties 423:465 their bioactivity and mechanical properties 423:465 We incorporated CaCO3 particles into the membranes to enhance their bioactivity and mechanical properties. 26478280 1 16 theme membranes 109:117 arg1 resorbability 82:94 resorbability 82:94 resorbability 82:94 The high biocompatibility and resorbability of polymeric membranes have encouraged their use to manufacture medical devices. 26478280 1 16 theme membranes 109:117 arg1 biocompatibility 61:76 biocompatibility 61:76 biocompatibility 61:76 The high biocompatibility and resorbability of polymeric membranes have encouraged their use to manufacture medical devices. 26478280 7 17 theme topography 879:888 arg1 investigation 853:865 investigation 853:865 investigation of membrane topography 853:888 Scanning electron and atomic force microscopies aided investigation of membrane topography before and after CaCO3 deposition. 26478280 0 18 theme bioactive 31:39 arg1 membranes 41:49 carrageenan-CaCO3 bioactive membranes 13:49 carrageenan-CaCO3 bioactive membranes 13:49 Formation of carrageenan-CaCO3 bioactive membranes. 26478280 8 19 theme surface 945:951 arg1 energy 958:963 surface free energy 945:963 surface free energy 945:963 The wettability and surface free energy, evaluated by contact angle measures, increased in the presence of CaCO3 particles. 26478280 0 20 theme carrageenan-CaCO3 13:29 arg1 membranes 41:49 carrageenan-CaCO3 bioactive membranes 13:49 carrageenan-CaCO3 bioactive membranes 13:49 Formation of carrageenan-CaCO3 bioactive membranes. 26478280 7 21 theme force 828:832 arg1 microscopies 834:845 Scanning electron and atomic force microscopies 799:845 microscopies 834:845 Scanning electron and atomic force microscopies aided investigation of membrane topography before and after CaCO3 deposition. 26478280 8 22 theme angle 987:991 arg1 measures 993:1000 contact angle measures 979:1000 contact angle measures 979:1000 The wettability and surface free energy, evaluated by contact angle measures, increased in the presence of CaCO3 particles. 26478280 8 23 theme free 953:956 arg1 energy 958:963 surface free energy 945:963 surface free energy 945:963 The wettability and surface free energy, evaluated by contact angle measures, increased in the presence of CaCO3 particles. 26478280 3 24 theme bioactivity 429:439 arg1 properties 456:465 their bioactivity and mechanical properties 423:465 their bioactivity and mechanical properties 423:465 We incorporated CaCO3 particles into the membranes to enhance their bioactivity and mechanical properties. 26478280 9 25 from implantation 1093:1104 arg1 body 1113:1116 the body 1109:1116 the body 1109:1116 These parameters are important for membrane implantation in the body. 26478280 7 26 theme membrane 870:877 arg1 topography 879:888 membrane topography 870:888 membrane topography 870:888 Scanning electron and atomic force microscopies aided investigation of membrane topography before and after CaCO3 deposition. 26478280 0 27 theme membranes 41:49 arg1 Formation 0:8 Formation 0:8 Formation of carrageenan-CaCO3 bioactive membranes 0:49 Formation of carrageenan-CaCO3 bioactive membranes. 26478280 4 28 theme diffraction 500:510 arg1 data 512:515 X-ray diffraction data 494:515 X-ray diffraction data 494:515 Infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction data confirmed CaCO3 incorporation into the polymeric matrix. 26478280 7 29 theme atomic 821:826 arg1 microscopies 834:845 Scanning electron and atomic force microscopies 799:845 microscopies 834:845 Scanning electron and atomic force microscopies aided investigation of membrane topography before and after CaCO3 deposition. 26478280 5 30 theme body 701:704 arg1 fluid 706:710 the human body fluid 691:710 the human body fluid 691:710 We tested the bioactivity of the samples by immersing them in a solution that mimics the ionic composition and pH of the human body fluid. 26478280 4 31 theme X-ray 494:498 arg1 data 512:515 X-ray diffraction data 494:515 X-ray diffraction data 494:515 Infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction data confirmed CaCO3 incorporation into the polymeric matrix. 26478280 7 32 theme Scanning 799:806 arg1 electron 808:815 Scanning electron and atomic force microscopies 799:845 electron 808:815 Scanning electron and atomic force microscopies aided investigation of membrane topography before and after CaCO3 deposition. 26478280 5 33 theme fluid 706:710 arg1 composition 669:679 ionic composition 663:679 ionic composition 663:679 We tested the bioactivity of the samples by immersing them in a solution that mimics the ionic composition and pH of the human body fluid. 26478280 5 33 theme fluid 706:710 arg1 pH 685:686 pH 685:686 pH 685:686 We tested the bioactivity of the samples by immersing them in a solution that mimics the ionic composition and pH of the human body fluid. 26478280 2 34 theme membranes 215:223 arg1 preparation 200:210 the preparation 196:210 the preparation of membranes consisting of carrageenan, a naturally occurring sulfated polysaccharide that forms helical structures in the presence of calcium ions 196:358 Here, we report on the preparation of membranes consisting of carrageenan, a naturally occurring sulfated polysaccharide that forms helical structures in the presence of calcium ions. 26478280 6 35 theme diffraction 781:791 arg1 data 793:796 X-ray diffraction data 775:796 X-ray diffraction data 775:796 The hybrid membranes generated hydroxyapatite, as attested by X-ray diffraction data. 26478280 2 36 theme ions 355:358 arg1 presence 335:342 the presence 331:342 the presence of calcium ions 331:358 Here, we report on the preparation of membranes consisting of carrageenan, a naturally occurring sulfated polysaccharide that forms helical structures in the presence of calcium ions. 26478280 2 37 theme sulfated 274:281 arg1 carrageenan 239:249 carrageenan 239:249 carrageenan 239:249 Here, we report on the preparation of membranes consisting of carrageenan, a naturally occurring sulfated polysaccharide that forms helical structures in the presence of calcium ions. 26478280 2 37 theme sulfated 274:281 arg1 polysaccharide 283:296 a naturally occurring sulfated polysaccharide 252:296 a naturally occurring sulfated polysaccharide that forms helical structures in the presence of calcium ions 252:358 Here, we report on the preparation of membranes consisting of carrageenan, a naturally occurring sulfated polysaccharide that forms helical structures in the presence of calcium ions. 26478280 5 38 theme samples 607:613 arg1 bioactivity 588:598 the bioactivity 584:598 the bioactivity of the samples 584:613 We tested the bioactivity of the samples by immersing them in a solution that mimics the ionic composition and pH of the human body fluid. 26478280 1 39 dep biocompatibility 61:76 arg1 The 52:54 The 52:54 The 52:54 The high biocompatibility and resorbability of polymeric membranes have encouraged their use to manufacture medical devices. 26478280 6 40 theme X-ray 775:779 arg1 data 793:796 X-ray diffraction data 775:796 X-ray diffraction data 775:796 The hybrid membranes generated hydroxyapatite, as attested by X-ray diffraction data. 26478280 4 41 theme Infrared 468:475 arg1 spectroscopy 477:488 Infrared spectroscopy 468:488 Infrared spectroscopy 468:488 Infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction data confirmed CaCO3 incorporation into the polymeric matrix. 26478280 2 42 theme occurring 264:272 arg1 carrageenan 239:249 carrageenan 239:249 carrageenan 239:249 Here, we report on the preparation of membranes consisting of carrageenan, a naturally occurring sulfated polysaccharide that forms helical structures in the presence of calcium ions. 26478280 2 42 theme occurring 264:272 arg1 polysaccharide 283:296 a naturally occurring sulfated polysaccharide 252:296 a naturally occurring sulfated polysaccharide that forms helical structures in the presence of calcium ions 252:358 Here, we report on the preparation of membranes consisting of carrageenan, a naturally occurring sulfated polysaccharide that forms helical structures in the presence of calcium ions. 26478280 8 43 theme contact 979:985 arg1 measures 993:1000 contact angle measures 979:1000 contact angle measures 979:1000 The wettability and surface free energy, evaluated by contact angle measures, increased in the presence of CaCO3 particles. 26478280 2 44 theme calcium 347:353 arg1 ions 355:358 calcium ions 347:358 calcium ions 347:358 Here, we report on the preparation of membranes consisting of carrageenan, a naturally occurring sulfated polysaccharide that forms helical structures in the presence of calcium ions. 26478280 1 45 theme medical 160:166 arg1 devices 168:174 medical devices 160:174 medical devices 160:174 The high biocompatibility and resorbability of polymeric membranes have encouraged their use to manufacture medical devices. 26478280 9 46 theme membrane 1084:1091 arg1 implantation 1093:1104 membrane implantation 1084:1104 membrane implantation in the body 1084:1116 These parameters are important for membrane implantation in the body. 26478280 10 47 theme particles 1203:1211 arg1 presence 1177:1184 the presence 1173:1184 the presence of the inorganic particles 1173:1211 Moreover, membrane stiffness was up to 110% higher in the presence of the inorganic particles, as revealed by Young's modulus. 26478280 10 48 theme membrane 1129:1136 arg1 stiffness 1138:1146 membrane stiffness 1129:1146 membrane stiffness 1129:1146 Moreover, membrane stiffness was up to 110% higher in the presence of the inorganic particles, as revealed by Young's modulus. 26478280 1 49 theme high 56:59 arg1 biocompatibility 61:76 biocompatibility 61:76 biocompatibility 61:76 The high biocompatibility and resorbability of polymeric membranes have encouraged their use to manufacture medical devices. 26478280 10 50 theme inorganic 1193:1201 arg1 particles 1203:1211 the inorganic particles 1189:1211 the inorganic particles 1189:1211 Moreover, membrane stiffness was up to 110% higher in the presence of the inorganic particles, as revealed by Young's modulus. 26470822 0 0 theme breads 81:86 arg1 digestion 56:64 starch in vitro digestion 40:64 starch in vitro digestion 40:64 Physicochemical, sensory properties and starch in vitro digestion of gluten-free breads. 26470822 0 0 theme breads 81:86 arg1 properties 25:34 Physicochemical, sensory properties 0:34 Physicochemical, sensory properties 0:34 Physicochemical, sensory properties and starch in vitro digestion of gluten-free breads. 26470822 2 1 with breads 363:368 arg1 crumb 425:429 crumb 425:429 crumb 425:429 Different mixes' formulations and processing parameters led to the production of breads with different crumb grain, specific volume, crust and crumb color, which affected product's sensory acceptability. 26470822 2 1 with breads 363:368 arg1 crust 415:419 crust 415:419 crust 415:419 Different mixes' formulations and processing parameters led to the production of breads with different crumb grain, specific volume, crust and crumb color, which affected product's sensory acceptability. 26470822 2 1 with breads 363:368 arg1 grain 391:395 different crumb grain 375:395 different crumb grain 375:395 Different mixes' formulations and processing parameters led to the production of breads with different crumb grain, specific volume, crust and crumb color, which affected product's sensory acceptability. 26470822 2 1 with breads 363:368 arg1 volume 407:412 specific volume 398:412 specific volume 398:412 Different mixes' formulations and processing parameters led to the production of breads with different crumb grain, specific volume, crust and crumb color, which affected product's sensory acceptability. 26470822 5 2 from variation 844:852 arg1 composition 885:895 nutritional composition 873:895 nutritional composition 873:895 Starch availability to hydrolytic enzymes in the gluten-free breads was not influenced by variation in ingredients and nutritional composition, but it was related to the physical structure in terms of specific volume. 26470822 5 2 from variation 844:852 arg1 ingredients 857:867 ingredients 857:867 ingredients 857:867 Starch availability to hydrolytic enzymes in the gluten-free breads was not influenced by variation in ingredients and nutritional composition, but it was related to the physical structure in terms of specific volume. 26470822 0 3 theme gluten-free 69:79 arg1 breads 81:86 gluten-free breads 69:86 gluten-free breads 69:86 Physicochemical, sensory properties and starch in vitro digestion of gluten-free breads. 26470822 3 4 theme coarser 520:526 arg1 crumb 528:532 more heterogeneous and coarser crumb 497:532 more heterogeneous and coarser crumb grain and darker color 497:555 Generally, more heterogeneous and coarser crumb grain and darker color were more appreciated by the judges. 26470822 3 4 theme coarser 520:526 arg1 grain 534:538 grain 534:538 grain 534:538 Generally, more heterogeneous and coarser crumb grain and darker color were more appreciated by the judges. 26470822 3 4 theme coarser 520:526 arg1 color 551:555 darker color 544:555 darker color 544:555 Generally, more heterogeneous and coarser crumb grain and darker color were more appreciated by the judges. 26470822 4 5 theme ingredients 713:723 arg1 ingredients 713:723 ingredients 713:723 ingredients used in breads formulations 713:751 Nutritional composition of gluten-free breads differed mainly for starch and lipids contents, due to a wide variety of ingredients used in breads formulations. 26470822 4 5 theme ingredients 713:723 arg1 variety 702:708 a wide variety 695:708 a wide variety of ingredients used in breads formulations 695:751 Nutritional composition of gluten-free breads differed mainly for starch and lipids contents, due to a wide variety of ingredients used in breads formulations. 26470822 4 6 theme wide 697:700 arg1 ingredients 713:723 ingredients 713:723 ingredients used in breads formulations 713:751 Nutritional composition of gluten-free breads differed mainly for starch and lipids contents, due to a wide variety of ingredients used in breads formulations. 26470822 4 6 theme wide 697:700 arg1 variety 702:708 a wide variety 695:708 a wide variety of ingredients used in breads formulations 695:751 Nutritional composition of gluten-free breads differed mainly for starch and lipids contents, due to a wide variety of ingredients used in breads formulations. 26470822 2 7 theme specific 398:405 arg1 volume 407:412 specific volume 398:412 specific volume 398:412 Different mixes' formulations and processing parameters led to the production of breads with different crumb grain, specific volume, crust and crumb color, which affected product's sensory acceptability. 26470822 3 8 theme heterogeneous 502:514 arg1 crumb 528:532 more heterogeneous and coarser crumb 497:532 more heterogeneous and coarser crumb grain and darker color 497:555 Generally, more heterogeneous and coarser crumb grain and darker color were more appreciated by the judges. 26470822 3 8 theme heterogeneous 502:514 arg1 grain 534:538 grain 534:538 grain 534:538 Generally, more heterogeneous and coarser crumb grain and darker color were more appreciated by the judges. 26470822 3 8 theme heterogeneous 502:514 arg1 color 551:555 darker color 544:555 darker color 544:555 Generally, more heterogeneous and coarser crumb grain and darker color were more appreciated by the judges. 26470822 6 9 theme starch-digested 1027:1041 arg1 fraction 1043:1050 the starch-digested fraction 1023:1050 the starch-digested fraction 1023:1050 The higher was the specific volume, the higher was the starch-digested fraction. 26470822 1 10 theme sensory 142:148 arg1 properties 180:189 The physicochemical (volume, crumb grain and color), sensory and starch in vitro digestion properties 89:189 The physicochemical (volume, crumb grain and color), sensory and starch in vitro digestion properties 89:189 The physicochemical (volume, crumb grain and color), sensory and starch in vitro digestion properties were investigated in four gluten-free breads, produced using gluten-free commercial mixes. 26470822 5 11 theme hydrolytic 777:786 arg1 enzymes 788:794 hydrolytic enzymes 777:794 hydrolytic enzymes in the gluten-free breads 777:820 Starch availability to hydrolytic enzymes in the gluten-free breads was not influenced by variation in ingredients and nutritional composition, but it was related to the physical structure in terms of specific volume. 26470822 5 12 from enzymes 788:794 arg1 breads 815:820 the gluten-free breads 799:820 the gluten-free breads 799:820 Starch availability to hydrolytic enzymes in the gluten-free breads was not influenced by variation in ingredients and nutritional composition, but it was related to the physical structure in terms of specific volume. 26470822 5 13 theme Starch 754:759 arg1 availability 761:772 Starch availability 754:772 Starch availability to hydrolytic enzymes in the gluten-free breads 754:820 Starch availability to hydrolytic enzymes in the gluten-free breads was not influenced by variation in ingredients and nutritional composition, but it was related to the physical structure in terms of specific volume. 26470822 5 14 theme specific 955:962 arg1 volume 964:969 specific volume 955:969 specific volume 955:969 Starch availability to hydrolytic enzymes in the gluten-free breads was not influenced by variation in ingredients and nutritional composition, but it was related to the physical structure in terms of specific volume. 26470822 2 15 theme different 375:383 arg1 grain 391:395 different crumb grain 375:395 different crumb grain 375:395 Different mixes' formulations and processing parameters led to the production of breads with different crumb grain, specific volume, crust and crumb color, which affected product's sensory acceptability. 26470822 3 16 theme darker 544:549 arg1 crumb 528:532 more heterogeneous and coarser crumb 497:532 more heterogeneous and coarser crumb grain and darker color 497:555 Generally, more heterogeneous and coarser crumb grain and darker color were more appreciated by the judges. 26470822 3 16 theme darker 544:549 arg1 color 551:555 darker color 544:555 darker color 544:555 Generally, more heterogeneous and coarser crumb grain and darker color were more appreciated by the judges. 26470822 1 17 theme starch 154:159 arg1 properties 180:189 The physicochemical (volume, crumb grain and color), sensory and starch in vitro digestion properties 89:189 The physicochemical (volume, crumb grain and color), sensory and starch in vitro digestion properties 89:189 The physicochemical (volume, crumb grain and color), sensory and starch in vitro digestion properties were investigated in four gluten-free breads, produced using gluten-free commercial mixes. 26470822 0 18 theme Physicochemical 0:14 arg1 properties 25:34 Physicochemical, sensory properties 0:34 Physicochemical, sensory properties 0:34 Physicochemical, sensory properties and starch in vitro digestion of gluten-free breads. 26470822 1 19 theme gluten-free 252:262 arg1 mixes 275:279 gluten-free commercial mixes 252:279 gluten-free commercial mixes 252:279 The physicochemical (volume, crumb grain and color), sensory and starch in vitro digestion properties were investigated in four gluten-free breads, produced using gluten-free commercial mixes. 26470822 2 20 theme breads 363:368 arg1 production 349:358 the production 345:358 the production 345:358 Different mixes' formulations and processing parameters led to the production of breads with different crumb grain, specific volume, crust and crumb color, which affected product's sensory acceptability. 26470822 1 21 theme commercial 264:273 arg1 mixes 275:279 gluten-free commercial mixes 252:279 gluten-free commercial mixes 252:279 The physicochemical (volume, crumb grain and color), sensory and starch in vitro digestion properties were investigated in four gluten-free breads, produced using gluten-free commercial mixes. 26470822 1 22 theme physicochemical 93:107 arg1 properties 180:189 The physicochemical (volume, crumb grain and color), sensory and starch in vitro digestion properties 89:189 The physicochemical (volume, crumb grain and color), sensory and starch in vitro digestion properties 89:189 The physicochemical (volume, crumb grain and color), sensory and starch in vitro digestion properties were investigated in four gluten-free breads, produced using gluten-free commercial mixes. 26470822 5 23 theme gluten-free 803:813 arg1 breads 815:820 the gluten-free breads 799:820 the gluten-free breads 799:820 Starch availability to hydrolytic enzymes in the gluten-free breads was not influenced by variation in ingredients and nutritional composition, but it was related to the physical structure in terms of specific volume. 26470822 2 24 dep grain 391:395 arg1 color 431:435 color 431:435 color 431:435 Different mixes' formulations and processing parameters led to the production of breads with different crumb grain, specific volume, crust and crumb color, which affected product's sensory acceptability. 26470822 2 25 theme Different 282:290 arg1 mixes 292:296 Different mixes 282:296 Different mixes 282:296 Different mixes' formulations and processing parameters led to the production of breads with different crumb grain, specific volume, crust and crumb color, which affected product's sensory acceptability. 26470822 1 26 theme digestion 170:178 arg1 properties 180:189 The physicochemical (volume, crumb grain and color), sensory and starch in vitro digestion properties 89:189 The physicochemical (volume, crumb grain and color), sensory and starch in vitro digestion properties 89:189 The physicochemical (volume, crumb grain and color), sensory and starch in vitro digestion properties were investigated in four gluten-free breads, produced using gluten-free commercial mixes. 26470822 0 27 theme starch 40:45 arg1 digestion 56:64 starch in vitro digestion 40:64 starch in vitro digestion 40:64 Physicochemical, sensory properties and starch in vitro digestion of gluten-free breads. 26470822 1 28 theme in 161:162 arg1 properties 180:189 The physicochemical (volume, crumb grain and color), sensory and starch in vitro digestion properties 89:189 The physicochemical (volume, crumb grain and color), sensory and starch in vitro digestion properties 89:189 The physicochemical (volume, crumb grain and color), sensory and starch in vitro digestion properties were investigated in four gluten-free breads, produced using gluten-free commercial mixes. 26470822 4 29 theme breads 633:638 arg1 composition 606:616 Nutritional composition 594:616 Nutritional composition of gluten-free breads 594:638 Nutritional composition of gluten-free breads differed mainly for starch and lipids contents, due to a wide variety of ingredients used in breads formulations. 26470822 2 30 theme crumb 385:389 arg1 grain 391:395 different crumb grain 375:395 different crumb grain 375:395 Different mixes' formulations and processing parameters led to the production of breads with different crumb grain, specific volume, crust and crumb color, which affected product's sensory acceptability. 26470822 0 31 dep in 47:48 arg1 vitro 50:54 vitro 50:54 vitro 50:54 Physicochemical, sensory properties and starch in vitro digestion of gluten-free breads. 26470822 4 32 theme gluten-free 621:631 arg1 breads 633:638 gluten-free breads 621:638 gluten-free breads 621:638 Nutritional composition of gluten-free breads differed mainly for starch and lipids contents, due to a wide variety of ingredients used in breads formulations. 26470822 0 33 theme in 47:48 arg1 digestion 56:64 starch in vitro digestion 40:64 starch in vitro digestion 40:64 Physicochemical, sensory properties and starch in vitro digestion of gluten-free breads. 26470822 6 34 theme specific 991:998 arg1 higher 1012:1017 higher 1012:1017 higher 1012:1017 The higher was the specific volume, the higher was the starch-digested fraction. 26470822 6 34 theme specific 991:998 arg1 higher 976:981 higher 976:981 higher 976:981 The higher was the specific volume, the higher was the starch-digested fraction. 26470822 6 34 theme specific 991:998 arg1 volume 1000:1005 the specific volume 987:1005 the specific volume 987:1005 The higher was the specific volume, the higher was the starch-digested fraction. 26470822 5 35 theme volume 964:969 arg1 terms 946:950 terms 946:950 terms of specific volume 946:969 Starch availability to hydrolytic enzymes in the gluten-free breads was not influenced by variation in ingredients and nutritional composition, but it was related to the physical structure in terms of specific volume. 26470822 4 36 dep starch 660:665 arg1 contents 678:685 contents 678:685 contents 678:685 Nutritional composition of gluten-free breads differed mainly for starch and lipids contents, due to a wide variety of ingredients used in breads formulations. 26470822 1 37 dep in 161:162 arg1 vitro 164:168 vitro 164:168 vitro 164:168 The physicochemical (volume, crumb grain and color), sensory and starch in vitro digestion properties were investigated in four gluten-free breads, produced using gluten-free commercial mixes. 26470822 1 38 theme crumb 118:122 arg1 grain 124:128 crumb grain 118:128 crumb grain 118:128 The physicochemical (volume, crumb grain and color), sensory and starch in vitro digestion properties were investigated in four gluten-free breads, produced using gluten-free commercial mixes. 26470822 5 39 theme physical 924:931 arg1 structure 933:941 the physical structure 920:941 the physical structure in terms of specific volume 920:969 Starch availability to hydrolytic enzymes in the gluten-free breads was not influenced by variation in ingredients and nutritional composition, but it was related to the physical structure in terms of specific volume. 26470822 4 40 theme breads 733:738 arg1 formulations 740:751 breads formulations 733:751 breads formulations 733:751 Nutritional composition of gluten-free breads differed mainly for starch and lipids contents, due to a wide variety of ingredients used in breads formulations. 26470822 3 41 dep crumb 528:532 arg1 crumb 528:532 more heterogeneous and coarser crumb 497:532 more heterogeneous and coarser crumb grain and darker color 497:555 Generally, more heterogeneous and coarser crumb grain and darker color were more appreciated by the judges. 26470822 3 41 dep crumb 528:532 arg1 grain 534:538 grain 534:538 grain 534:538 Generally, more heterogeneous and coarser crumb grain and darker color were more appreciated by the judges. 26470822 3 41 dep crumb 528:532 arg1 color 551:555 darker color 544:555 darker color 544:555 Generally, more heterogeneous and coarser crumb grain and darker color were more appreciated by the judges. 26470822 2 42 theme processing 316:325 arg1 parameters 327:336 processing parameters 316:336 processing parameters 316:336 Different mixes' formulations and processing parameters led to the production of breads with different crumb grain, specific volume, crust and crumb color, which affected product's sensory acceptability. 26470822 1 43 dep physicochemical 93:107 arg1 color 134:138 color 134:138 color 134:138 The physicochemical (volume, crumb grain and color), sensory and starch in vitro digestion properties were investigated in four gluten-free breads, produced using gluten-free commercial mixes. 26470822 1 43 dep physicochemical 93:107 arg1 volume 110:115 volume 110:115 volume 110:115 The physicochemical (volume, crumb grain and color), sensory and starch in vitro digestion properties were investigated in four gluten-free breads, produced using gluten-free commercial mixes. 26470822 1 43 dep physicochemical 93:107 arg1 grain 124:128 crumb grain 118:128 crumb grain 118:128 The physicochemical (volume, crumb grain and color), sensory and starch in vitro digestion properties were investigated in four gluten-free breads, produced using gluten-free commercial mixes. 26470822 5 44 from structure 933:941 arg1 terms 946:950 terms 946:950 terms of specific volume 946:969 Starch availability to hydrolytic enzymes in the gluten-free breads was not influenced by variation in ingredients and nutritional composition, but it was related to the physical structure in terms of specific volume. 26470822 4 45 theme Nutritional 594:604 arg1 composition 606:616 Nutritional composition 594:616 Nutritional composition of gluten-free breads 594:638 Nutritional composition of gluten-free breads differed mainly for starch and lipids contents, due to a wide variety of ingredients used in breads formulations. 26470822 2 46 theme sensory 463:469 arg1 acceptability 471:483 product's sensory acceptability 453:483 product's sensory acceptability 453:483 Different mixes' formulations and processing parameters led to the production of breads with different crumb grain, specific volume, crust and crumb color, which affected product's sensory acceptability. 26470822 0 47 dep Physicochemical 0:14 arg1 sensory 17:23 sensory 17:23 sensory 17:23 Physicochemical, sensory properties and starch in vitro digestion of gluten-free breads. 26470822 5 48 theme nutritional 873:883 arg1 composition 885:895 nutritional composition 873:895 nutritional composition 873:895 Starch availability to hydrolytic enzymes in the gluten-free breads was not influenced by variation in ingredients and nutritional composition, but it was related to the physical structure in terms of specific volume. 26470822 1 49 theme gluten-free 217:227 arg1 breads 229:234 four gluten-free breads 212:234 four gluten-free breads 212:234 The physicochemical (volume, crumb grain and color), sensory and starch in vitro digestion properties were investigated in four gluten-free breads, produced using gluten-free commercial mixes. 24863652 15 0 contain has 1561:1563 arg1 IMPACT 1514:1519 IMPACT 1514:1519 IMPACT 1514:1519 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Corynebacterium glutamicum has a great potential as an alternative production host for HA. 24863652 15 0 contain has 1561:1563 arg1 SIGNIFICANCE 1497:1508 SIGNIFICANCE 1497:1508 SIGNIFICANCE 1497:1508 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Corynebacterium glutamicum has a great potential as an alternative production host for HA. 24863652 15 0 contain has 1561:1563 arg2 potential 1573:1581 a great potential 1565:1581 a great potential as an alternative production host for HA 1565:1622 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Corynebacterium glutamicum has a great potential as an alternative production host for HA. 24863652 15 1 theme Corynebacterium 1534:1548 arg1 glutamicum 1550:1559 THE STUDY Corynebacterium glutamicum 1524:1559 THE STUDY Corynebacterium glutamicum 1524:1559 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Corynebacterium glutamicum has a great potential as an alternative production host for HA. 24863652 2 2 theme equi 343:346 arg1 subsp 348:352 Streptococcus equi subsp 329:352 Streptococcus equi subsp 329:352 METHODS AND RESULTS A set of expression vectors containing hasA, encoding HA synthase from Streptococcus equi subsp. 24863652 7 3 theme culture 700:706 arg1 broth 708:712 the culture broth 696:712 the culture broth 696:712 HA was isolated from the culture broth by ethanol precipitation or ultrafiltration. 24863652 3 4 with combination 382:392 arg1 genes 399:403 genes 399:403 genes encoding enzymes for HA precursor production 399:448 zooepidemicus, alone or in combination with genes encoding enzymes for HA precursor production (hasB, hasC, glmU from Pseudomonas putida KT2440) or bacterial haemoglobin (vgb from Vitreoscilla sp.) 24863652 11 5 theme negative-stained 1227:1242 arg1 cultures 1244:1251 negative-stained cultures 1227:1251 negative-stained cultures 1227:1251 Microscopy of negative-stained cultures revealed that Coryne. 24863652 9 6 theme glmU 1025:1028 arg1 Coexpression 995:1006 Coexpression 995:1006 Coexpression of hasB, hasC or glmU 995:1028 Coexpression of hasB, hasC or glmU had no effect on HA yield and did not improve molecular weight of the product. 24863652 2 7 theme expression 267:276 arg1 vectors 278:284 expression vectors 267:284 expression vectors containing hasA, encoding HA synthase from Streptococcus equi subsp 267:352 METHODS AND RESULTS A set of expression vectors containing hasA, encoding HA synthase from Streptococcus equi subsp. 24863652 3 8 theme bacterial 503:511 arg1 haemoglobin 513:523 bacterial haemoglobin 503:523 bacterial haemoglobin (vgb from Vitreoscilla sp.) 503:551 zooepidemicus, alone or in combination with genes encoding enzymes for HA precursor production (hasB, hasC, glmU from Pseudomonas putida KT2440) or bacterial haemoglobin (vgb from Vitreoscilla sp.) 24863652 13 9 theme starting 1406:1413 arg1 points 1415:1420 reasonable starting points 1395:1420 reasonable starting points for controlling the molecular weight of HA produced by Coryne 1395:1482 CONCLUSIONS Regulation of cell growth and gene expression level of hasA are reasonable starting points for controlling the molecular weight of HA produced by Coryne. 24863652 13 9 theme starting 1406:1413 arg1 CONCLUSIONS 1319:1329 CONCLUSIONS 1319:1329 CONCLUSIONS Regulation of cell growth and gene expression level of hasA 1319:1389 CONCLUSIONS Regulation of cell growth and gene expression level of hasA are reasonable starting points for controlling the molecular weight of HA produced by Coryne. 24863652 1 10 theme heterologous 189:200 arg1 production 202:211 heterologous production 189:211 heterologous production of hyaluronic acid (HA) 189:235 AIMS Corynebacterium glutamicum was tested as an alternative host for heterologous production of hyaluronic acid (HA). 24863652 9 11 theme hasC 1017:1020 arg1 Coexpression 995:1006 Coexpression 995:1006 Coexpression of hasB, hasC or glmU 995:1028 Coexpression of hasB, hasC or glmU had no effect on HA yield and did not improve molecular weight of the product. 24863652 6 12 theme different 632:640 arg1 CGXII 657:661 CGXII 657:661 CGXII 657:661 glutamicum strains were cultivated in two different minimal media, CGXII and MEK700. 24863652 6 12 theme different 632:640 arg1 media 650:654 two different minimal media 628:654 two different minimal media 628:654 glutamicum strains were cultivated in two different minimal media, CGXII and MEK700. 24863652 6 12 theme different 632:640 arg1 MEK700 667:672 MEK700 667:672 MEK700 667:672 glutamicum strains were cultivated in two different minimal media, CGXII and MEK700. 24863652 6 13 theme minimal 642:648 arg1 CGXII 657:661 CGXII 657:661 CGXII 657:661 glutamicum strains were cultivated in two different minimal media, CGXII and MEK700. 24863652 6 13 theme minimal 642:648 arg1 media 650:654 two different minimal media 628:654 two different minimal media 628:654 glutamicum strains were cultivated in two different minimal media, CGXII and MEK700. 24863652 6 13 theme minimal 642:648 arg1 MEK700 667:672 MEK700 667:672 MEK700 667:672 glutamicum strains were cultivated in two different minimal media, CGXII and MEK700. 24863652 1 14 theme acid 227:230 arg1 production 202:211 heterologous production 189:211 heterologous production of hyaluronic acid (HA) 189:235 AIMS Corynebacterium glutamicum was tested as an alternative host for heterologous production of hyaluronic acid (HA). 24863652 13 15 dep CONCLUSIONS 1319:1329 arg1 Regulation 1331:1340 Regulation 1331:1340 Regulation of cell growth 1331:1355 CONCLUSIONS Regulation of cell growth and gene expression level of hasA are reasonable starting points for controlling the molecular weight of HA produced by Coryne. 24863652 13 15 dep CONCLUSIONS 1319:1329 arg1 CONCLUSIONS 1319:1329 CONCLUSIONS 1319:1329 CONCLUSIONS Regulation of cell growth and gene expression level of hasA 1319:1389 CONCLUSIONS Regulation of cell growth and gene expression level of hasA are reasonable starting points for controlling the molecular weight of HA produced by Coryne. 24863652 13 15 dep CONCLUSIONS 1319:1329 arg1 level 1377:1381 gene expression level 1361:1381 gene expression level of hasA 1361:1389 CONCLUSIONS Regulation of cell growth and gene expression level of hasA are reasonable starting points for controlling the molecular weight of HA produced by Coryne. 24863652 15 16 theme glutamicum 1550:1559 arg1 IMPACT 1514:1519 IMPACT 1514:1519 IMPACT 1514:1519 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Corynebacterium glutamicum has a great potential as an alternative production host for HA. 24863652 15 16 theme glutamicum 1550:1559 arg1 SIGNIFICANCE 1497:1508 SIGNIFICANCE 1497:1508 SIGNIFICANCE 1497:1508 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Corynebacterium glutamicum has a great potential as an alternative production host for HA. 24863652 15 17 theme production 1601:1610 arg1 host 1612:1615 an alternative production host 1586:1615 an alternative production host for HA 1586:1622 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Corynebacterium glutamicum has a great potential as an alternative production host for HA. 24863652 3 18 dep haemoglobin 513:523 arg1 vgb 526:528 vgb 526:528 vgb from Vitreoscilla sp. 526:550 zooepidemicus, alone or in combination with genes encoding enzymes for HA precursor production (hasB, hasC, glmU from Pseudomonas putida KT2440) or bacterial haemoglobin (vgb from Vitreoscilla sp.) 24863652 3 19 from sp 548:549 arg1 vgb 526:528 vgb 526:528 vgb from Vitreoscilla sp. 526:550 zooepidemicus, alone or in combination with genes encoding enzymes for HA precursor production (hasB, hasC, glmU from Pseudomonas putida KT2440) or bacterial haemoglobin (vgb from Vitreoscilla sp.) 24863652 13 20 theme expression 1366:1375 arg1 CONCLUSIONS 1319:1329 CONCLUSIONS 1319:1329 CONCLUSIONS Regulation of cell growth and gene expression level of hasA 1319:1389 CONCLUSIONS Regulation of cell growth and gene expression level of hasA are reasonable starting points for controlling the molecular weight of HA produced by Coryne. 24863652 13 20 theme expression 1366:1375 arg1 level 1377:1381 gene expression level 1361:1381 gene expression level of hasA 1361:1389 CONCLUSIONS Regulation of cell growth and gene expression level of hasA are reasonable starting points for controlling the molecular weight of HA produced by Coryne. 24863652 0 21 theme composition 76:86 arg1 effect 60:65 effect 60:65 Hyaluronic acid production with Corynebacterium glutamicum: effect of media composition on yield and molecular weight. 0:117 Hyaluronic acid production with Corynebacterium glutamicum: effect of media composition on yield and molecular weight. 24863652 8 22 theme CGXII 834:838 arg1 medium 840:845 CGXII medium 834:845 CGXII medium (1241 mg l(-1)) 834:861 Analyses of the isolated HA revealed that overall production was higher in CGXII medium (1241 mg l(-1)) than in MEK700 medium (363 mg l(-1)), but molecular weight of the product was higher in MEK700 (>1·4 MDa) than in CGXII (<270 kDa). 24863652 8 22 theme CGXII 834:838 arg1 l 856:856 1241 mg l(-1) 848:860 1241 mg l(-1) 848:860 Analyses of the isolated HA revealed that overall production was higher in CGXII medium (1241 mg l(-1)) than in MEK700 medium (363 mg l(-1)), but molecular weight of the product was higher in MEK700 (>1·4 MDa) than in CGXII (<270 kDa). 24863652 1 23 dep Corynebacterium 124:138 arg1 glutamicum 140:149 glutamicum 140:149 glutamicum 140:149 AIMS Corynebacterium glutamicum was tested as an alternative host for heterologous production of hyaluronic acid (HA). 24863652 6 24 theme glutamicum 590:599 arg1 strains 601:607 glutamicum strains 590:607 glutamicum strains 590:607 glutamicum strains were cultivated in two different minimal media, CGXII and MEK700. 24863652 8 25 theme HA 784:785 arg1 Analyses 759:766 Analyses 759:766 Analyses of the isolated HA 759:785 Analyses of the isolated HA revealed that overall production was higher in CGXII medium (1241 mg l(-1)) than in MEK700 medium (363 mg l(-1)), but molecular weight of the product was higher in MEK700 (>1·4 MDa) than in CGXII (<270 kDa). 24863652 3 26 theme HA 426:427 arg1 production 439:448 HA precursor production 426:448 HA precursor production 426:448 zooepidemicus, alone or in combination with genes encoding enzymes for HA precursor production (hasB, hasC, glmU from Pseudomonas putida KT2440) or bacterial haemoglobin (vgb from Vitreoscilla sp.) 24863652 0 27 theme molecular 101:109 arg1 weight 111:116 molecular weight 101:116 molecular weight 101:116 Hyaluronic acid production with Corynebacterium glutamicum: effect of media composition on yield and molecular weight. 24863652 8 28 theme mg 853:854 arg1 medium 840:845 CGXII medium 834:845 CGXII medium (1241 mg l(-1)) 834:861 Analyses of the isolated HA revealed that overall production was higher in CGXII medium (1241 mg l(-1)) than in MEK700 medium (363 mg l(-1)), but molecular weight of the product was higher in MEK700 (>1·4 MDa) than in CGXII (<270 kDa). 24863652 8 28 theme mg 853:854 arg1 l 856:856 1241 mg l(-1) 848:860 1241 mg l(-1) 848:860 Analyses of the isolated HA revealed that overall production was higher in CGXII medium (1241 mg l(-1)) than in MEK700 medium (363 mg l(-1)), but molecular weight of the product was higher in MEK700 (>1·4 MDa) than in CGXII (<270 kDa). 24863652 0 29 theme Hyaluronic 0:9 arg1 production 16:25 Hyaluronic acid production 0:25 Hyaluronic acid production with Corynebacterium glutamicum: effect of media composition on yield and molecular weight. 0:117 Hyaluronic acid production with Corynebacterium glutamicum: effect of media composition on yield and molecular weight. 24863652 10 30 theme product 1204:1210 arg1 weight 1190:1195 molecular weight 1180:1195 molecular weight of the product 1180:1210 Coexpression of vgb lowered HA yield about 1·5-fold and did not affect molecular weight of the product. 24863652 0 31 theme Corynebacterium 32:46 arg1 glutamicum 48:57 Corynebacterium glutamicum 32:57 Corynebacterium glutamicum 32:57 Hyaluronic acid production with Corynebacterium glutamicum: effect of media composition on yield and molecular weight. 24863652 2 32 contain containing 286:295 arg2 hasA 297:300 hasA 297:300 hasA 297:300 METHODS AND RESULTS A set of expression vectors containing hasA, encoding HA synthase from Streptococcus equi subsp. 24863652 2 32 contain containing 286:295 arg1 vectors 278:284 expression vectors 267:284 expression vectors containing hasA, encoding HA synthase from Streptococcus equi subsp 267:352 METHODS AND RESULTS A set of expression vectors containing hasA, encoding HA synthase from Streptococcus equi subsp. 24863652 0 33 with production 16:25 arg1 glutamicum 48:57 Corynebacterium glutamicum 32:57 Corynebacterium glutamicum 32:57 Hyaluronic acid production with Corynebacterium glutamicum: effect of media composition on yield and molecular weight. 24863652 2 34 theme Streptococcus 329:341 arg1 subsp 348:352 Streptococcus equi subsp 329:352 Streptococcus equi subsp 329:352 METHODS AND RESULTS A set of expression vectors containing hasA, encoding HA synthase from Streptococcus equi subsp. 24863652 17 35 theme HA 1679:1680 arg1 capsule 1682:1688 no distinct HA capsule 1667:1688 no distinct HA capsule facilitates HA isolation and improves overall yield 1667:1740 glutamicum produces no distinct HA capsule facilitates HA isolation and improves overall yield. 24863652 12 36 theme HA 1307:1308 arg1 capsule 1310:1316 no distinct HA capsule 1295:1316 no distinct HA capsule 1295:1316 glutamicum produces no distinct HA capsule. 24863652 7 37 theme ethanol 717:723 arg1 precipitation 725:737 ethanol precipitation 717:737 ethanol precipitation 717:737 HA was isolated from the culture broth by ethanol precipitation or ultrafiltration. 24863652 0 38 dep production 16:25 arg1 effect 60:65 effect 60:65 Hyaluronic acid production with Corynebacterium glutamicum: effect of media composition on yield and molecular weight. 0:117 Hyaluronic acid production with Corynebacterium glutamicum: effect of media composition on yield and molecular weight. 24863652 8 39 theme mg 890:891 arg1 l 893:893 363 mg l(-1) 886:897 363 mg l(-1) 886:897 Analyses of the isolated HA revealed that overall production was higher in CGXII medium (1241 mg l(-1)) than in MEK700 medium (363 mg l(-1)), but molecular weight of the product was higher in MEK700 (>1·4 MDa) than in CGXII (<270 kDa). 24863652 3 40 theme Pseudomonas 473:483 arg1 putida 485:490 Pseudomonas putida KT2440 473:497 Pseudomonas putida KT2440 473:497 zooepidemicus, alone or in combination with genes encoding enzymes for HA precursor production (hasB, hasC, glmU from Pseudomonas putida KT2440) or bacterial haemoglobin (vgb from Vitreoscilla sp.) 24863652 3 41 from putida 485:490 arg1 glmU 463:466 glmU 463:466 glmU from Pseudomonas putida KT2440 463:497 zooepidemicus, alone or in combination with genes encoding enzymes for HA precursor production (hasB, hasC, glmU from Pseudomonas putida KT2440) or bacterial haemoglobin (vgb from Vitreoscilla sp.) 24863652 3 41 from putida 485:490 arg1 hasB 451:454 hasB 451:454 hasB 451:454 zooepidemicus, alone or in combination with genes encoding enzymes for HA precursor production (hasB, hasC, glmU from Pseudomonas putida KT2440) or bacterial haemoglobin (vgb from Vitreoscilla sp.) 24863652 2 42 theme vectors 278:284 arg1 set 260:262 A set 258:262 METHODS AND RESULTS A set of expression vectors containing hasA, encoding HA synthase from Streptococcus equi subsp. 238:353 METHODS AND RESULTS A set of expression vectors containing hasA, encoding HA synthase from Streptococcus equi subsp. 24863652 2 42 theme vectors 278:284 arg1 vectors 278:284 expression vectors 267:284 expression vectors containing hasA, encoding HA synthase from Streptococcus equi subsp 267:352 METHODS AND RESULTS A set of expression vectors containing hasA, encoding HA synthase from Streptococcus equi subsp. 24863652 3 43 theme Vitreoscilla 535:546 arg1 sp 548:549 Vitreoscilla sp 535:549 Vitreoscilla sp 535:549 zooepidemicus, alone or in combination with genes encoding enzymes for HA precursor production (hasB, hasC, glmU from Pseudomonas putida KT2440) or bacterial haemoglobin (vgb from Vitreoscilla sp.) 24863652 15 44 theme STUDY 1528:1532 arg1 glutamicum 1550:1559 THE STUDY Corynebacterium glutamicum 1524:1559 THE STUDY Corynebacterium glutamicum 1524:1559 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Corynebacterium glutamicum has a great potential as an alternative production host for HA. 24863652 13 45 theme molecular 1442:1450 arg1 weight 1452:1457 the molecular weight 1438:1457 the molecular weight of HA produced by Coryne 1438:1482 CONCLUSIONS Regulation of cell growth and gene expression level of hasA are reasonable starting points for controlling the molecular weight of HA produced by Coryne. 24863652 1 46 theme alternative 168:178 arg1 host 180:183 an alternative host 165:183 an alternative host for heterologous production of hyaluronic acid (HA) 165:235 AIMS Corynebacterium glutamicum was tested as an alternative host for heterologous production of hyaluronic acid (HA). 24863652 1 46 theme alternative 168:178 arg1 AIMS 119:122 AIMS 119:122 AIMS Corynebacterium glutamicum 119:149 AIMS Corynebacterium glutamicum was tested as an alternative host for heterologous production of hyaluronic acid (HA). 24863652 2 47 from subsp 348:352 arg1 synthase 315:322 HA synthase 312:322 HA synthase from Streptococcus equi subsp 312:352 METHODS AND RESULTS A set of expression vectors containing hasA, encoding HA synthase from Streptococcus equi subsp. 24863652 2 48 dep METHODS 238:244 arg1 set 260:262 A set 258:262 METHODS AND RESULTS A set of expression vectors containing hasA, encoding HA synthase from Streptococcus equi subsp. 238:353 METHODS AND RESULTS A set of expression vectors containing hasA, encoding HA synthase from Streptococcus equi subsp. 24863652 2 48 dep METHODS 238:244 arg1 vectors 278:284 expression vectors 267:284 expression vectors containing hasA, encoding HA synthase from Streptococcus equi subsp 267:352 METHODS AND RESULTS A set of expression vectors containing hasA, encoding HA synthase from Streptococcus equi subsp. 24863652 13 49 theme reasonable 1395:1404 arg1 points 1415:1420 reasonable starting points 1395:1420 reasonable starting points for controlling the molecular weight of HA produced by Coryne 1395:1482 CONCLUSIONS Regulation of cell growth and gene expression level of hasA are reasonable starting points for controlling the molecular weight of HA produced by Coryne. 24863652 13 49 theme reasonable 1395:1404 arg1 CONCLUSIONS 1319:1329 CONCLUSIONS 1319:1329 CONCLUSIONS Regulation of cell growth and gene expression level of hasA 1319:1389 CONCLUSIONS Regulation of cell growth and gene expression level of hasA are reasonable starting points for controlling the molecular weight of HA produced by Coryne. 24863652 8 50 theme molecular 905:913 arg1 weight 915:920 molecular weight 905:920 molecular weight of the product 905:935 Analyses of the isolated HA revealed that overall production was higher in CGXII medium (1241 mg l(-1)) than in MEK700 medium (363 mg l(-1)), but molecular weight of the product was higher in MEK700 (>1·4 MDa) than in CGXII (<270 kDa). 24863652 9 51 theme HA 1047:1048 arg1 yield 1050:1054 HA yield 1047:1054 HA yield 1047:1054 Coexpression of hasB, hasC or glmU had no effect on HA yield and did not improve molecular weight of the product. 24863652 1 52 theme hyaluronic 216:225 arg1 HA 233:234 HA 233:234 HA 233:234 AIMS Corynebacterium glutamicum was tested as an alternative host for heterologous production of hyaluronic acid (HA). 24863652 1 52 theme hyaluronic 216:225 arg1 acid 227:230 hyaluronic acid 216:230 hyaluronic acid (HA) 216:235 AIMS Corynebacterium glutamicum was tested as an alternative host for heterologous production of hyaluronic acid (HA). 24863652 13 53 theme hasA 1386:1389 arg1 Regulation 1331:1340 Regulation 1331:1340 Regulation of cell growth 1331:1355 CONCLUSIONS Regulation of cell growth and gene expression level of hasA are reasonable starting points for controlling the molecular weight of HA produced by Coryne. 24863652 13 53 theme hasA 1386:1389 arg1 CONCLUSIONS 1319:1329 CONCLUSIONS 1319:1329 CONCLUSIONS Regulation of cell growth and gene expression level of hasA 1319:1389 CONCLUSIONS Regulation of cell growth and gene expression level of hasA are reasonable starting points for controlling the molecular weight of HA produced by Coryne. 24863652 13 53 theme hasA 1386:1389 arg1 level 1377:1381 gene expression level 1361:1381 gene expression level of hasA 1361:1389 CONCLUSIONS Regulation of cell growth and gene expression level of hasA are reasonable starting points for controlling the molecular weight of HA produced by Coryne. 24863652 15 54 theme alternative 1589:1599 arg1 host 1612:1615 an alternative production host 1586:1615 an alternative production host for HA 1586:1622 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Corynebacterium glutamicum has a great potential as an alternative production host for HA. 24863652 9 55 theme molecular 1076:1084 arg1 weight 1086:1091 molecular weight 1076:1091 molecular weight of the product 1076:1106 Coexpression of hasB, hasC or glmU had no effect on HA yield and did not improve molecular weight of the product. 24863652 13 56 theme growth 1350:1355 arg1 Regulation 1331:1340 Regulation 1331:1340 Regulation of cell growth 1331:1355 CONCLUSIONS Regulation of cell growth and gene expression level of hasA are reasonable starting points for controlling the molecular weight of HA produced by Coryne. 24863652 13 56 theme growth 1350:1355 arg1 CONCLUSIONS 1319:1329 CONCLUSIONS 1319:1329 CONCLUSIONS Regulation of cell growth and gene expression level of hasA 1319:1389 CONCLUSIONS Regulation of cell growth and gene expression level of hasA are reasonable starting points for controlling the molecular weight of HA produced by Coryne. 24863652 13 56 theme growth 1350:1355 arg1 level 1377:1381 gene expression level 1361:1381 gene expression level of hasA 1361:1389 CONCLUSIONS Regulation of cell growth and gene expression level of hasA are reasonable starting points for controlling the molecular weight of HA produced by Coryne. 24863652 10 57 dep lowered 1129:1135 arg1 yield 1140:1144 yield 1140:1144 lowered HA yield about 1·5-fold 1129:1159 Coexpression of vgb lowered HA yield about 1·5-fold and did not affect molecular weight of the product. 24863652 1 58 theme Corynebacterium 124:138 arg1 AIMS 119:122 AIMS 119:122 AIMS Corynebacterium glutamicum 119:149 AIMS Corynebacterium glutamicum was tested as an alternative host for heterologous production of hyaluronic acid (HA). 24863652 1 58 theme Corynebacterium 124:138 arg1 host 180:183 an alternative host 165:183 an alternative host for heterologous production of hyaluronic acid (HA) 165:235 AIMS Corynebacterium glutamicum was tested as an alternative host for heterologous production of hyaluronic acid (HA). 24863652 0 59 theme media 70:74 arg1 composition 76:86 media composition 70:86 media composition 70:86 Hyaluronic acid production with Corynebacterium glutamicum: effect of media composition on yield and molecular weight. 24863652 13 60 theme gene 1361:1364 arg1 CONCLUSIONS 1319:1329 CONCLUSIONS 1319:1329 CONCLUSIONS Regulation of cell growth and gene expression level of hasA 1319:1389 CONCLUSIONS Regulation of cell growth and gene expression level of hasA are reasonable starting points for controlling the molecular weight of HA produced by Coryne. 24863652 13 60 theme gene 1361:1364 arg1 level 1377:1381 gene expression level 1361:1381 gene expression level of hasA 1361:1389 CONCLUSIONS Regulation of cell growth and gene expression level of hasA are reasonable starting points for controlling the molecular weight of HA produced by Coryne. 24863652 8 61 theme overall 801:807 arg1 production 809:818 overall production 801:818 overall production 801:818 Analyses of the isolated HA revealed that overall production was higher in CGXII medium (1241 mg l(-1)) than in MEK700 medium (363 mg l(-1)), but molecular weight of the product was higher in MEK700 (>1·4 MDa) than in CGXII (<270 kDa). 24863652 9 62 contain had 1030:1032 arg2 effect 1037:1042 no effect 1034:1042 no effect 1034:1042 Coexpression of hasB, hasC or glmU had no effect on HA yield and did not improve molecular weight of the product. 24863652 9 62 contain had 1030:1032 arg1 Coexpression 995:1006 Coexpression 995:1006 Coexpression of hasB, hasC or glmU 995:1028 Coexpression of hasB, hasC or glmU had no effect on HA yield and did not improve molecular weight of the product. 24863652 15 63 theme great 1567:1571 arg1 potential 1573:1581 a great potential 1565:1581 a great potential as an alternative production host for HA 1565:1622 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Corynebacterium glutamicum has a great potential as an alternative production host for HA. 24863652 9 64 theme product 1100:1106 arg1 weight 1086:1091 molecular weight 1076:1091 molecular weight of the product 1076:1106 Coexpression of hasB, hasC or glmU had no effect on HA yield and did not improve molecular weight of the product. 24863652 17 65 theme HA 1702:1703 arg1 isolation 1705:1713 HA isolation 1702:1713 HA isolation 1702:1713 glutamicum produces no distinct HA capsule facilitates HA isolation and improves overall yield. 24863652 17 66 dep capsule 1682:1688 arg1 improves 1719:1726 improves 1719:1726 improves overall yield 1719:1740 glutamicum produces no distinct HA capsule facilitates HA isolation and improves overall yield. 24863652 17 66 dep capsule 1682:1688 arg1 facilitates 1690:1700 facilitates 1690:1700 facilitates HA isolation 1690:1713 glutamicum produces no distinct HA capsule facilitates HA isolation and improves overall yield. 24863652 8 67 theme product 929:935 arg1 weight 915:920 molecular weight 905:920 molecular weight of the product 905:935 Analyses of the isolated HA revealed that overall production was higher in CGXII medium (1241 mg l(-1)) than in MEK700 medium (363 mg l(-1)), but molecular weight of the product was higher in MEK700 (>1·4 MDa) than in CGXII (<270 kDa). 24863652 5 68 theme Recombinant 570:580 arg1 Coryne 582:587 Recombinant Coryne 570:587 Recombinant Coryne 570:587 Recombinant Coryne. 24863652 0 69 from effect 60:65 arg1 yield 91:95 yield 91:95 yield 91:95 Hyaluronic acid production with Corynebacterium glutamicum: effect of media composition on yield and molecular weight. 24863652 0 69 from effect 60:65 arg1 weight 111:116 molecular weight 101:116 molecular weight 101:116 Hyaluronic acid production with Corynebacterium glutamicum: effect of media composition on yield and molecular weight. 24863652 8 70 theme isolated 775:782 arg1 HA 784:785 the isolated HA 771:785 the isolated HA 771:785 Analyses of the isolated HA revealed that overall production was higher in CGXII medium (1241 mg l(-1)) than in MEK700 medium (363 mg l(-1)), but molecular weight of the product was higher in MEK700 (>1·4 MDa) than in CGXII (<270 kDa). 24863652 17 71 theme overall 1728:1734 arg1 yield 1736:1740 overall yield 1728:1740 overall yield 1728:1740 glutamicum produces no distinct HA capsule facilitates HA isolation and improves overall yield. 24863652 11 72 theme cultures 1244:1251 arg1 Microscopy 1213:1222 Microscopy 1213:1222 Microscopy of negative-stained cultures 1213:1251 Microscopy of negative-stained cultures revealed that Coryne. 24863652 3 73 theme precursor 429:437 arg1 production 439:448 HA precursor production 426:448 HA precursor production 426:448 zooepidemicus, alone or in combination with genes encoding enzymes for HA precursor production (hasB, hasC, glmU from Pseudomonas putida KT2440) or bacterial haemoglobin (vgb from Vitreoscilla sp.) 24863652 0 74 theme acid 11:14 arg1 production 16:25 Hyaluronic acid production 0:25 Hyaluronic acid production with Corynebacterium glutamicum: effect of media composition on yield and molecular weight. 0:117 Hyaluronic acid production with Corynebacterium glutamicum: effect of media composition on yield and molecular weight. 24863652 13 75 theme cell 1345:1348 arg1 growth 1350:1355 cell growth 1345:1355 cell growth 1345:1355 CONCLUSIONS Regulation of cell growth and gene expression level of hasA are reasonable starting points for controlling the molecular weight of HA produced by Coryne. 24863652 10 76 theme vgb 1125:1127 arg1 Coexpression 1109:1120 Coexpression 1109:1120 Coexpression of vgb 1109:1127 Coexpression of vgb lowered HA yield about 1·5-fold and did not affect molecular weight of the product. 24863652 17 77 theme distinct 1670:1677 arg1 capsule 1682:1688 no distinct HA capsule 1667:1688 no distinct HA capsule facilitates HA isolation and improves overall yield 1667:1740 glutamicum produces no distinct HA capsule facilitates HA isolation and improves overall yield. 24863652 13 78 theme HA 1462:1463 arg1 weight 1452:1457 the molecular weight 1438:1457 the molecular weight of HA produced by Coryne 1438:1482 CONCLUSIONS Regulation of cell growth and gene expression level of hasA are reasonable starting points for controlling the molecular weight of HA produced by Coryne. 24863652 7 79 attach isolated 682:689 arg2 HA 675:676 HA 675:676 HA 675:676 HA was isolated from the culture broth by ethanol precipitation or ultrafiltration. 24863652 7 79 attach isolated 682:689 arg1 broth 708:712 the culture broth 696:712 the culture broth 696:712 HA was isolated from the culture broth by ethanol precipitation or ultrafiltration. 24863652 8 80 dep higher 824:829 arg1 l 893:893 363 mg l(-1) 886:897 363 mg l(-1) 886:897 Analyses of the isolated HA revealed that overall production was higher in CGXII medium (1241 mg l(-1)) than in MEK700 medium (363 mg l(-1)), but molecular weight of the product was higher in MEK700 (>1·4 MDa) than in CGXII (<270 kDa). 24863652 12 81 theme distinct 1298:1305 arg1 capsule 1310:1316 no distinct HA capsule 1295:1316 no distinct HA capsule 1295:1316 glutamicum produces no distinct HA capsule. 24863652 3 82 dep zooepidemicus 355:367 arg1 glmU 463:466 glmU 463:466 glmU from Pseudomonas putida KT2440 463:497 zooepidemicus, alone or in combination with genes encoding enzymes for HA precursor production (hasB, hasC, glmU from Pseudomonas putida KT2440) or bacterial haemoglobin (vgb from Vitreoscilla sp.) 24863652 3 82 dep zooepidemicus 355:367 arg1 hasC 457:460 hasC 457:460 hasC 457:460 zooepidemicus, alone or in combination with genes encoding enzymes for HA precursor production (hasB, hasC, glmU from Pseudomonas putida KT2440) or bacterial haemoglobin (vgb from Vitreoscilla sp.) 24863652 3 82 dep zooepidemicus 355:367 arg1 hasB 451:454 hasB 451:454 hasB 451:454 zooepidemicus, alone or in combination with genes encoding enzymes for HA precursor production (hasB, hasC, glmU from Pseudomonas putida KT2440) or bacterial haemoglobin (vgb from Vitreoscilla sp.) 24863652 10 83 theme molecular 1180:1188 arg1 weight 1190:1195 molecular weight 1180:1195 molecular weight of the product 1180:1210 Coexpression of vgb lowered HA yield about 1·5-fold and did not affect molecular weight of the product. 24863652 2 84 theme HA 312:313 arg1 synthase 315:322 HA synthase 312:322 HA synthase from Streptococcus equi subsp 312:352 METHODS AND RESULTS A set of expression vectors containing hasA, encoding HA synthase from Streptococcus equi subsp. 24863652 9 85 theme hasB 1011:1014 arg1 Coexpression 995:1006 Coexpression 995:1006 Coexpression of hasB, hasC or glmU 995:1028 Coexpression of hasB, hasC or glmU had no effect on HA yield and did not improve molecular weight of the product. 26511224 8 0 theme maternal 1111:1118 arg1 index 1143:1147 maternal prepregnancy body mass index 1111:1147 maternal prepregnancy body mass index 1111:1147 A priori covariates included maternal prepregnancy body mass index, pregnancy weight gain, and infant age and sex. 26511224 6 1 theme percentage 880:889 arg1 fat 902:904 total fat 896:904 total fat 896:904 HMO composition was analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography, and infant growth (length and weight) and body composition (percentage fat, total fat, lean mass) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. 26511224 6 1 theme percentage 880:889 arg1 mass 912:915 lean mass 907:915 lean mass 907:915 HMO composition was analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography, and infant growth (length and weight) and body composition (percentage fat, total fat, lean mass) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. 26511224 6 1 theme percentage 880:889 arg1 fat 891:893 percentage fat 880:893 percentage fat 880:893 HMO composition was analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography, and infant growth (length and weight) and body composition (percentage fat, total fat, lean mass) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. 26511224 12 2 theme 1-μg/mL 1588:1594 arg1 increase 1596:1603 each 1-μg/mL increase 1583:1603 each 1-μg/mL increase in LNFPI 1583:1612 At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in LNFPI was associated with a 0.79-g lower fat mass (P = 0.02), whereas disialyl-lacto-N-tetraose and LNFPII were associated with a 1.92-g (P = 0.02) and 0.42-g (P = 0.02) greater fat mass, respectively. 26511224 10 3 from increase 1335:1342 arg1 LNFP 1369:1372 lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I 1347:1375 lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I 1347:1375 At 1 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I was associated with a 0.40-kg lower infant weight (P = 0.03). 26511224 10 4 theme = 1430:1430 arg1 weight 1420:1425 a 0.40-kg lower infant weight 1397:1425 a 0.40-kg lower infant weight (P = 0.03) 1397:1436 At 1 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I was associated with a 0.40-kg lower infant weight (P = 0.03). 26511224 10 4 theme = 1430:1430 arg1 P 1428:1428 P = 0.03 1428:1435 P = 0.03 1428:1435 At 1 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I was associated with a 0.40-kg lower infant weight (P = 0.03). 26511224 6 5 theme liquid 797:802 arg1 chromatography 804:817 high-pressure liquid chromatography 783:817 high-pressure liquid chromatography 783:817 HMO composition was analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography, and infant growth (length and weight) and body composition (percentage fat, total fat, lean mass) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. 26511224 8 6 theme body 1133:1136 arg1 index 1143:1147 maternal prepregnancy body mass index 1111:1147 maternal prepregnancy body mass index 1111:1147 A priori covariates included maternal prepregnancy body mass index, pregnancy weight gain, and infant age and sex. 26511224 11 7 theme = 1525:1525 arg1 P 1523:1523 P = 0.03 1523:1530 P = 0.03 1523:1530 At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in LNFPI was associated with a 1.11-kg lower weight (P = 0.03) and a 0.85-g lower lean mass (P = 0.01). 26511224 11 7 theme = 1525:1525 arg1 weight 1515:1520 a 1.11-kg lower weight 1499:1520 a 1.11-kg lower weight (P = 0.03) 1499:1531 At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in LNFPI was associated with a 1.11-kg lower weight (P = 0.03) and a 0.85-g lower lean mass (P = 0.01). 26511224 1 8 theme specific 265:272 arg1 components 274:283 specific components 265:283 specific components of breast milk 265:298 BACKGROUND Evidence linking breastfeeding to reduced risk of developing childhood obesity is inconclusive, yet previous studies have not considered variation in specific components of breast milk that may affect early development. 26511224 13 9 from increase 1832:1839 arg1 lacto-N-neotetraose 1881:1899 lacto-N-neotetraose 1881:1899 lacto-N-neotetraose 1881:1899 At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in fucosyl-disialyl-lacto-N-hexaose and lacto-N-neotetraose was associated with 0.04% higher (P = 0.03) and 0.03% lower (P < 0.01) body fat, respectively. 26511224 13 9 from increase 1832:1839 arg1 fucosyl-disialyl-lacto-N-hexaose 1844:1875 fucosyl-disialyl-lacto-N-hexaose 1844:1875 fucosyl-disialyl-lacto-N-hexaose 1844:1875 At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in fucosyl-disialyl-lacto-N-hexaose and lacto-N-neotetraose was associated with 0.04% higher (P = 0.03) and 0.03% lower (P < 0.01) body fat, respectively. 26511224 7 10 theme multiple 1054:1061 arg1 regression 1070:1079 multiple linear regression 1054:1079 multiple linear regression 1054:1079 Relations between HMOs and infant growth and body composition were examined by using multiple linear regression. 26511224 3 11 theme Twenty-five 513:523 arg1 dyads 539:543 DESIGN Twenty-five mother-infant dyads 506:543 DESIGN Twenty-five mother-infant dyads 506:543 DESIGN Twenty-five mother-infant dyads were recruited from the University Hospital at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center. 26511224 8 12 theme pregnancy 1150:1158 arg1 gain 1167:1170 pregnancy weight gain 1150:1170 pregnancy weight gain 1150:1170 A priori covariates included maternal prepregnancy body mass index, pregnancy weight gain, and infant age and sex. 26511224 14 13 theme body 2136:2139 arg1 composition 2141:2151 body composition 2136:2151 body composition 2136:2151 CONCLUSION These findings support the hypothesis that differences in HMO composition in mother's milk are associated with infant growth and body composition. 26511224 6 14 theme HMO 751:753 arg1 composition 755:765 HMO composition 751:765 HMO composition 751:765 HMO composition was analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography, and infant growth (length and weight) and body composition (percentage fat, total fat, lean mass) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. 26511224 12 15 theme = 1748:1748 arg1 P 1746:1746 P = 0.02 1746:1753 P = 0.02 1746:1753 At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in LNFPI was associated with a 0.79-g lower fat mass (P = 0.02), whereas disialyl-lacto-N-tetraose and LNFPII were associated with a 1.92-g (P = 0.02) and 0.42-g (P = 0.02) greater fat mass, respectively. 26511224 12 15 theme = 1748:1748 arg1 1.92-g 1738:1743 1.92-g 1738:1743 1.92-g 1738:1743 At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in LNFPI was associated with a 0.79-g lower fat mass (P = 0.02), whereas disialyl-lacto-N-tetraose and LNFPII were associated with a 1.92-g (P = 0.02) and 0.42-g (P = 0.02) greater fat mass, respectively. 26511224 2 16 from differences 365:375 arg1 composition 384:394 the composition 380:394 the composition of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) 380:432 OBJECTIVE We examined whether differences in the composition of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) correlate with infant growth and body composition at 1 and 6 mo of age. 26511224 13 17 theme 1-μg/mL 1824:1830 arg1 increase 1832:1839 each 1-μg/mL increase 1819:1839 each 1-μg/mL increase in fucosyl-disialyl-lacto-N-hexaose and lacto-N-neotetraose 1819:1899 At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in fucosyl-disialyl-lacto-N-hexaose and lacto-N-neotetraose was associated with 0.04% higher (P = 0.03) and 0.03% lower (P < 0.01) body fat, respectively. 26511224 6 18 theme lean 907:910 arg1 mass 912:915 lean mass 907:915 lean mass 907:915 HMO composition was analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography, and infant growth (length and weight) and body composition (percentage fat, total fat, lean mass) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. 26511224 6 18 theme lean 907:910 arg1 fat 891:893 percentage fat 880:893 percentage fat 880:893 HMO composition was analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography, and infant growth (length and weight) and body composition (percentage fat, total fat, lean mass) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. 26511224 13 19 dep higher 1927:1932 arg1 % 1925:1925 0.04% higher 1921:1932 0.04% higher (P = 0.03) 1921:1943 At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in fucosyl-disialyl-lacto-N-hexaose and lacto-N-neotetraose was associated with 0.04% higher (P = 0.03) and 0.03% lower (P < 0.01) body fat, respectively. 26511224 1 20 from variation 252:260 arg1 components 274:283 specific components 265:283 specific components of breast milk 265:298 BACKGROUND Evidence linking breastfeeding to reduced risk of developing childhood obesity is inconclusive, yet previous studies have not considered variation in specific components of breast milk that may affect early development. 26511224 9 21 theme Higher 1205:1210 arg1 diversity 1216:1224 Higher HMO diversity 1205:1224 Higher HMO diversity 1205:1224 RESULTS Higher HMO diversity and evenness at 1 mo were associated with lower total and percentage fat mass at 1 mo. 26511224 1 22 theme BACKGROUND 104:113 arg1 Evidence 115:122 BACKGROUND Evidence 104:122 BACKGROUND Evidence linking breastfeeding to reduced risk of developing childhood obesity 104:192 BACKGROUND Evidence linking breastfeeding to reduced risk of developing childhood obesity is inconclusive, yet previous studies have not considered variation in specific components of breast milk that may affect early development. 26511224 3 23 theme Health 619:624 arg1 Center 635:640 Oklahoma Health Sciences Center 610:640 Oklahoma Health Sciences Center 610:640 DESIGN Twenty-five mother-infant dyads were recruited from the University Hospital at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center. 26511224 12 24 theme greater 1778:1784 arg1 mass 1790:1793 greater fat mass 1778:1793 greater fat mass 1778:1793 At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in LNFPI was associated with a 0.79-g lower fat mass (P = 0.02), whereas disialyl-lacto-N-tetraose and LNFPII were associated with a 1.92-g (P = 0.02) and 0.42-g (P = 0.02) greater fat mass, respectively. 26511224 9 25 theme percentage 1284:1293 arg1 mass 1299:1302 lower total and percentage fat mass 1268:1302 mass 1299:1302 RESULTS Higher HMO diversity and evenness at 1 mo were associated with lower total and percentage fat mass at 1 mo. 26511224 5 26 theme age 746:748 arg1 mo 733:734 1 and 6 mo 725:734 1 and 6 mo of infant age 725:748 Breast-milk and infant measures were obtained at 1 and 6 mo of infant age. 26511224 9 27 from mo 1309:1310 arg1 total 1274:1278 total 1274:1278 total 1274:1278 RESULTS Higher HMO diversity and evenness at 1 mo were associated with lower total and percentage fat mass at 1 mo. 26511224 6 28 theme dual-energy 935:945 arg1 absorptiometry 953:966 dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry 935:966 dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry 935:966 HMO composition was analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography, and infant growth (length and weight) and body composition (percentage fat, total fat, lean mass) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. 26511224 0 29 from Associations 0:11 arg1 mo 92:93 the first 6 mo 80:93 the first 6 mo of life 80:101 Associations between human milk oligosaccharides and infant body composition in the first 6 mo of life. 26511224 10 30 theme lacto-N-fucopentaose 1347:1366 arg1 LNFP 1369:1372 lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I 1347:1375 lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I 1347:1375 At 1 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I was associated with a 0.40-kg lower infant weight (P = 0.03). 26511224 2 31 theme human 399:403 arg1 oligosaccharides 410:425 human milk oligosaccharides 399:425 human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) 399:432 OBJECTIVE We examined whether differences in the composition of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) correlate with infant growth and body composition at 1 and 6 mo of age. 26511224 2 31 theme human 399:403 arg1 HMOs 428:431 HMOs 428:431 HMOs 428:431 OBJECTIVE We examined whether differences in the composition of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) correlate with infant growth and body composition at 1 and 6 mo of age. 26511224 12 32 theme = 1661:1661 arg1 mass 1653:1656 a 0.79-g lower fat mass 1634:1656 a 0.79-g lower fat mass (P = 0.02) 1634:1667 At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in LNFPI was associated with a 0.79-g lower fat mass (P = 0.02), whereas disialyl-lacto-N-tetraose and LNFPII were associated with a 1.92-g (P = 0.02) and 0.42-g (P = 0.02) greater fat mass, respectively. 26511224 12 32 theme = 1661:1661 arg1 P 1659:1659 P = 0.02 1659:1666 P = 0.02 1659:1666 At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in LNFPI was associated with a 0.79-g lower fat mass (P = 0.02), whereas disialyl-lacto-N-tetraose and LNFPII were associated with a 1.92-g (P = 0.02) and 0.42-g (P = 0.02) greater fat mass, respectively. 26511224 2 33 theme infant 449:454 arg1 growth 456:461 infant growth 449:461 infant growth 449:461 OBJECTIVE We examined whether differences in the composition of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) correlate with infant growth and body composition at 1 and 6 mo of age. 26511224 9 34 theme fat 1295:1297 arg1 mass 1299:1302 lower total and percentage fat mass 1268:1302 mass 1299:1302 RESULTS Higher HMO diversity and evenness at 1 mo were associated with lower total and percentage fat mass at 1 mo. 26511224 10 35 theme lower 1407:1411 arg1 weight 1420:1425 a 0.40-kg lower infant weight 1397:1425 a 0.40-kg lower infant weight (P = 0.03) 1397:1436 At 1 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I was associated with a 0.40-kg lower infant weight (P = 0.03). 26511224 10 35 theme lower 1407:1411 arg1 P 1428:1428 P = 0.03 1428:1435 P = 0.03 1428:1435 At 1 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I was associated with a 0.40-kg lower infant weight (P = 0.03). 26511224 13 36 dep lower 1955:1959 arg1 < 1964:1964 P < 0.01 1962:1969 P < 0.01 1962:1969 At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in fucosyl-disialyl-lacto-N-hexaose and lacto-N-neotetraose was associated with 0.04% higher (P = 0.03) and 0.03% lower (P < 0.01) body fat, respectively. 26511224 0 37 theme human 21:25 arg1 oligosaccharides 32:47 human milk oligosaccharides 21:47 human milk oligosaccharides 21:47 Associations between human milk oligosaccharides and infant body composition in the first 6 mo of life. 26511224 1 38 theme breast 288:293 arg1 milk 295:298 breast milk 288:298 breast milk 288:298 BACKGROUND Evidence linking breastfeeding to reduced risk of developing childhood obesity is inconclusive, yet previous studies have not considered variation in specific components of breast milk that may affect early development. 26511224 12 39 theme fat 1649:1651 arg1 mass 1653:1656 a 0.79-g lower fat mass 1634:1656 a 0.79-g lower fat mass (P = 0.02) 1634:1667 At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in LNFPI was associated with a 0.79-g lower fat mass (P = 0.02), whereas disialyl-lacto-N-tetraose and LNFPII were associated with a 1.92-g (P = 0.02) and 0.42-g (P = 0.02) greater fat mass, respectively. 26511224 12 39 theme fat 1649:1651 arg1 P 1659:1659 P = 0.02 1659:1666 P = 0.02 1659:1666 At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in LNFPI was associated with a 0.79-g lower fat mass (P = 0.02), whereas disialyl-lacto-N-tetraose and LNFPII were associated with a 1.92-g (P = 0.02) and 0.42-g (P = 0.02) greater fat mass, respectively. 26511224 2 40 theme oligosaccharides 410:425 arg1 composition 384:394 the composition 380:394 the composition of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) 380:432 OBJECTIVE We examined whether differences in the composition of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) correlate with infant growth and body composition at 1 and 6 mo of age. 26511224 6 41 dep growth 831:836 arg1 weight 850:855 weight 850:855 weight 850:855 HMO composition was analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography, and infant growth (length and weight) and body composition (percentage fat, total fat, lean mass) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. 26511224 6 41 dep growth 831:836 arg1 length 839:844 length 839:844 length 839:844 HMO composition was analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography, and infant growth (length and weight) and body composition (percentage fat, total fat, lean mass) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. 26511224 0 42 theme infant 53:58 arg1 composition 65:75 infant body composition 53:75 infant body composition 53:75 Associations between human milk oligosaccharides and infant body composition in the first 6 mo of life. 26511224 13 43 theme = 1937:1937 arg1 P 1935:1935 P = 0.03 1935:1942 P = 0.03 1935:1942 At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in fucosyl-disialyl-lacto-N-hexaose and lacto-N-neotetraose was associated with 0.04% higher (P = 0.03) and 0.03% lower (P < 0.01) body fat, respectively. 26511224 13 43 theme = 1937:1937 arg1 higher 1927:1932 higher 1927:1932 higher 1927:1932 At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in fucosyl-disialyl-lacto-N-hexaose and lacto-N-neotetraose was associated with 0.04% higher (P = 0.03) and 0.03% lower (P < 0.01) body fat, respectively. 26511224 6 44 theme infant 824:829 arg1 growth 831:836 infant growth 824:836 infant growth (length and weight) 824:856 HMO composition was analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography, and infant growth (length and weight) and body composition (percentage fat, total fat, lean mass) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. 26511224 11 45 theme 1-μg/mL 1453:1459 arg1 increase 1461:1468 each 1-μg/mL increase 1448:1468 each 1-μg/mL increase in LNFPI 1448:1477 At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in LNFPI was associated with a 1.11-kg lower weight (P = 0.03) and a 0.85-g lower lean mass (P = 0.01). 26511224 1 46 theme previous 215:222 arg1 studies 224:230 previous studies 215:230 previous studies 215:230 BACKGROUND Evidence linking breastfeeding to reduced risk of developing childhood obesity is inconclusive, yet previous studies have not considered variation in specific components of breast milk that may affect early development. 26511224 12 47 theme 0.79-g 1636:1641 arg1 mass 1653:1656 a 0.79-g lower fat mass 1634:1656 a 0.79-g lower fat mass (P = 0.02) 1634:1667 At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in LNFPI was associated with a 0.79-g lower fat mass (P = 0.02), whereas disialyl-lacto-N-tetraose and LNFPII were associated with a 1.92-g (P = 0.02) and 0.42-g (P = 0.02) greater fat mass, respectively. 26511224 12 47 theme 0.79-g 1636:1641 arg1 P 1659:1659 P = 0.02 1659:1666 P = 0.02 1659:1666 At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in LNFPI was associated with a 0.79-g lower fat mass (P = 0.02), whereas disialyl-lacto-N-tetraose and LNFPII were associated with a 1.92-g (P = 0.02) and 0.42-g (P = 0.02) greater fat mass, respectively. 26511224 14 48 dep CONCLUSION 1996:2005 arg1 support 2022:2028 support 2022:2028 support the hypothesis that differences in HMO composition in mother's milk are associated with infant growth and body composition 2022:2151 CONCLUSION These findings support the hypothesis that differences in HMO composition in mother's milk are associated with infant growth and body composition. 26511224 9 49 dep RESULTS 1197:1203 arg1 diversity 1216:1224 Higher HMO diversity 1205:1224 Higher HMO diversity 1205:1224 RESULTS Higher HMO diversity and evenness at 1 mo were associated with lower total and percentage fat mass at 1 mo. 26511224 11 50 theme lean 1552:1555 arg1 P 1563:1563 P = 0.01 1563:1570 P = 0.01 1563:1570 At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in LNFPI was associated with a 1.11-kg lower weight (P = 0.03) and a 0.85-g lower lean mass (P = 0.01). 26511224 11 50 theme lean 1552:1555 arg1 mass 1557:1560 a 0.85-g lower lean mass 1537:1560 a 0.85-g lower lean mass (P = 0.01) 1537:1571 At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in LNFPI was associated with a 1.11-kg lower weight (P = 0.03) and a 0.85-g lower lean mass (P = 0.01). 26511224 8 51 theme priori 1084:1089 arg1 covariates 1091:1100 A priori covariates 1082:1100 A priori covariates 1082:1100 A priori covariates included maternal prepregnancy body mass index, pregnancy weight gain, and infant age and sex. 26511224 5 52 theme infant 739:744 arg1 age 746:748 infant age 739:748 infant age 739:748 Breast-milk and infant measures were obtained at 1 and 6 mo of infant age. 26511224 12 53 theme = 1770:1770 arg1 P 1768:1768 P = 0.02 1768:1775 P = 0.02 1768:1775 At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in LNFPI was associated with a 0.79-g lower fat mass (P = 0.02), whereas disialyl-lacto-N-tetraose and LNFPII were associated with a 1.92-g (P = 0.02) and 0.42-g (P = 0.02) greater fat mass, respectively. 26511224 12 53 theme = 1770:1770 arg1 0.42-g 1760:1765 0.42-g 1760:1765 0.42-g 1760:1765 At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in LNFPI was associated with a 0.79-g lower fat mass (P = 0.02), whereas disialyl-lacto-N-tetraose and LNFPII were associated with a 1.92-g (P = 0.02) and 0.42-g (P = 0.02) greater fat mass, respectively. 26511224 6 54 dep composition 867:877 arg1 fat 902:904 total fat 896:904 total fat 896:904 HMO composition was analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography, and infant growth (length and weight) and body composition (percentage fat, total fat, lean mass) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. 26511224 6 54 dep composition 867:877 arg1 mass 912:915 lean mass 907:915 lean mass 907:915 HMO composition was analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography, and infant growth (length and weight) and body composition (percentage fat, total fat, lean mass) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. 26511224 6 54 dep composition 867:877 arg1 fat 891:893 percentage fat 880:893 percentage fat 880:893 HMO composition was analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography, and infant growth (length and weight) and body composition (percentage fat, total fat, lean mass) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. 26511224 11 55 theme 1.11-kg 1501:1507 arg1 P 1523:1523 P = 0.03 1523:1530 P = 0.03 1523:1530 At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in LNFPI was associated with a 1.11-kg lower weight (P = 0.03) and a 0.85-g lower lean mass (P = 0.01). 26511224 11 55 theme 1.11-kg 1501:1507 arg1 weight 1515:1520 a 1.11-kg lower weight 1499:1520 a 1.11-kg lower weight (P = 0.03) 1499:1531 At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in LNFPI was associated with a 1.11-kg lower weight (P = 0.03) and a 0.85-g lower lean mass (P = 0.01). 26511224 7 56 theme linear 1063:1068 arg1 regression 1070:1079 multiple linear regression 1054:1079 multiple linear regression 1054:1079 Relations between HMOs and infant growth and body composition were examined by using multiple linear regression. 26511224 6 57 theme high-pressure 783:795 arg1 chromatography 804:817 high-pressure liquid chromatography 783:817 high-pressure liquid chromatography 783:817 HMO composition was analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography, and infant growth (length and weight) and body composition (percentage fat, total fat, lean mass) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. 26511224 3 58 theme mother-infant 525:537 arg1 dyads 539:543 DESIGN Twenty-five mother-infant dyads 506:543 DESIGN Twenty-five mother-infant dyads 506:543 DESIGN Twenty-five mother-infant dyads were recruited from the University Hospital at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center. 26511224 8 59 theme prepregnancy 1120:1131 arg1 index 1143:1147 maternal prepregnancy body mass index 1111:1147 maternal prepregnancy body mass index 1111:1147 A priori covariates included maternal prepregnancy body mass index, pregnancy weight gain, and infant age and sex. 26511224 6 60 theme body 862:865 arg1 composition 867:877 body composition 862:877 body composition (percentage fat, total fat, lean mass) 862:916 HMO composition was analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography, and infant growth (length and weight) and body composition (percentage fat, total fat, lean mass) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. 26511224 13 61 theme P 1962:1962 arg1 < 1964:1964 P < 0.01 1962:1969 P < 0.01 1962:1969 At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in fucosyl-disialyl-lacto-N-hexaose and lacto-N-neotetraose was associated with 0.04% higher (P = 0.03) and 0.03% lower (P < 0.01) body fat, respectively. 26511224 14 62 theme HMO 2065:2067 arg1 composition 2069:2079 HMO composition 2065:2079 HMO composition 2065:2079 CONCLUSION These findings support the hypothesis that differences in HMO composition in mother's milk are associated with infant growth and body composition. 26511224 3 63 theme DESIGN 506:511 arg1 dyads 539:543 DESIGN Twenty-five mother-infant dyads 506:543 DESIGN Twenty-five mother-infant dyads 506:543 DESIGN Twenty-five mother-infant dyads were recruited from the University Hospital at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center. 26511224 8 64 theme mass 1138:1141 arg1 index 1143:1147 maternal prepregnancy body mass index 1111:1147 maternal prepregnancy body mass index 1111:1147 A priori covariates included maternal prepregnancy body mass index, pregnancy weight gain, and infant age and sex. 26511224 10 65 theme 1-μg/mL 1327:1333 arg1 increase 1335:1342 each 1-μg/mL increase 1322:1342 each 1-μg/mL increase in lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I 1322:1375 At 1 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I was associated with a 0.40-kg lower infant weight (P = 0.03). 26511224 1 66 theme childhood 176:184 arg1 obesity 186:192 childhood obesity 176:192 childhood obesity 176:192 BACKGROUND Evidence linking breastfeeding to reduced risk of developing childhood obesity is inconclusive, yet previous studies have not considered variation in specific components of breast milk that may affect early development. 26511224 5 67 theme infant 692:697 arg1 measures 699:706 Breast-milk and infant measures 676:706 Breast-milk and infant measures 676:706 Breast-milk and infant measures were obtained at 1 and 6 mo of infant age. 26511224 8 68 theme weight 1160:1165 arg1 gain 1167:1170 pregnancy weight gain 1150:1170 pregnancy weight gain 1150:1170 A priori covariates included maternal prepregnancy body mass index, pregnancy weight gain, and infant age and sex. 26511224 14 69 from differences 2050:2060 arg1 composition 2069:2079 HMO composition 2065:2079 HMO composition 2065:2079 CONCLUSION These findings support the hypothesis that differences in HMO composition in mother's milk are associated with infant growth and body composition. 26511224 14 69 from differences 2050:2060 arg1 milk 2093:2096 mother's milk 2084:2096 mother's milk 2084:2096 CONCLUSION These findings support the hypothesis that differences in HMO composition in mother's milk are associated with infant growth and body composition. 26511224 11 70 from increase 1461:1468 arg1 LNFPI 1473:1477 LNFPI 1473:1477 LNFPI 1473:1477 At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in LNFPI was associated with a 1.11-kg lower weight (P = 0.03) and a 0.85-g lower lean mass (P = 0.01). 26511224 9 71 from mo 1244:1245 arg1 evenness 1230:1237 evenness 1230:1237 evenness at 1 mo 1230:1245 RESULTS Higher HMO diversity and evenness at 1 mo were associated with lower total and percentage fat mass at 1 mo. 26511224 9 71 from mo 1244:1245 arg1 RESULTS 1197:1203 RESULTS Higher HMO diversity and evenness at 1 mo 1197:1245 RESULTS 1197:1203 RESULTS Higher HMO diversity and evenness at 1 mo were associated with lower total and percentage fat mass at 1 mo. 26511224 7 72 theme infant 996:1001 arg1 growth 1003:1008 infant growth 996:1008 infant growth 996:1008 Relations between HMOs and infant growth and body composition were examined by using multiple linear regression. 26511224 12 73 theme lower 1643:1647 arg1 mass 1653:1656 a 0.79-g lower fat mass 1634:1656 a 0.79-g lower fat mass (P = 0.02) 1634:1667 At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in LNFPI was associated with a 0.79-g lower fat mass (P = 0.02), whereas disialyl-lacto-N-tetraose and LNFPII were associated with a 1.92-g (P = 0.02) and 0.42-g (P = 0.02) greater fat mass, respectively. 26511224 12 73 theme lower 1643:1647 arg1 P 1659:1659 P = 0.02 1659:1666 P = 0.02 1659:1666 At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in LNFPI was associated with a 0.79-g lower fat mass (P = 0.02), whereas disialyl-lacto-N-tetraose and LNFPII were associated with a 1.92-g (P = 0.02) and 0.42-g (P = 0.02) greater fat mass, respectively. 26511224 8 74 theme infant 1177:1182 arg1 age 1184:1186 infant age 1177:1186 infant age 1177:1186 A priori covariates included maternal prepregnancy body mass index, pregnancy weight gain, and infant age and sex. 26511224 6 75 theme total 896:900 arg1 fat 902:904 total fat 896:904 total fat 896:904 HMO composition was analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography, and infant growth (length and weight) and body composition (percentage fat, total fat, lean mass) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. 26511224 6 75 theme total 896:900 arg1 fat 891:893 percentage fat 880:893 percentage fat 880:893 HMO composition was analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography, and infant growth (length and weight) and body composition (percentage fat, total fat, lean mass) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. 26511224 5 76 theme Breast-milk 676:686 arg1 measures 699:706 Breast-milk and infant measures 676:706 Breast-milk and infant measures 676:706 Breast-milk and infant measures were obtained at 1 and 6 mo of infant age. 26511224 9 77 theme HMO 1212:1214 arg1 diversity 1216:1224 Higher HMO diversity 1205:1224 Higher HMO diversity 1205:1224 RESULTS Higher HMO diversity and evenness at 1 mo were associated with lower total and percentage fat mass at 1 mo. 26511224 3 78 theme Oklahoma 610:617 arg1 Center 635:640 Oklahoma Health Sciences Center 610:640 Oklahoma Health Sciences Center 610:640 DESIGN Twenty-five mother-infant dyads were recruited from the University Hospital at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center. 26511224 13 79 theme body 1972:1975 arg1 fat 1977:1979 0.03% lower (P < 0.01) body fat 1949:1979 0.03% lower (P < 0.01) body fat 1949:1979 At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in fucosyl-disialyl-lacto-N-hexaose and lacto-N-neotetraose was associated with 0.04% higher (P = 0.03) and 0.03% lower (P < 0.01) body fat, respectively. 26511224 13 80 theme lower 1955:1959 arg1 fat 1977:1979 0.03% lower (P < 0.01) body fat 1949:1979 0.03% lower (P < 0.01) body fat 1949:1979 At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in fucosyl-disialyl-lacto-N-hexaose and lacto-N-neotetraose was associated with 0.04% higher (P = 0.03) and 0.03% lower (P < 0.01) body fat, respectively. 26511224 11 81 theme = 1565:1565 arg1 P 1563:1563 P = 0.01 1563:1570 P = 0.01 1563:1570 At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in LNFPI was associated with a 1.11-kg lower weight (P = 0.03) and a 0.85-g lower lean mass (P = 0.01). 26511224 11 81 theme = 1565:1565 arg1 mass 1557:1560 a 0.85-g lower lean mass 1537:1560 a 0.85-g lower lean mass (P = 0.01) 1537:1571 At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in LNFPI was associated with a 1.11-kg lower weight (P = 0.03) and a 0.85-g lower lean mass (P = 0.01). 26511224 0 82 theme first 84:88 arg1 mo 92:93 the first 6 mo 80:93 the first 6 mo of life 80:101 Associations between human milk oligosaccharides and infant body composition in the first 6 mo of life. 26511224 1 83 theme reduced 149:155 arg1 risk 157:160 reduced risk 149:160 reduced risk of developing childhood obesity 149:192 BACKGROUND Evidence linking breastfeeding to reduced risk of developing childhood obesity is inconclusive, yet previous studies have not considered variation in specific components of breast milk that may affect early development. 26511224 6 84 theme X-ray 947:951 arg1 absorptiometry 953:966 dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry 935:966 dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry 935:966 HMO composition was analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography, and infant growth (length and weight) and body composition (percentage fat, total fat, lean mass) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. 26511224 9 85 dep total 1274:1278 arg1 lower 1268:1272 lower 1268:1272 lower 1268:1272 RESULTS Higher HMO diversity and evenness at 1 mo were associated with lower total and percentage fat mass at 1 mo. 26511224 12 86 theme fat 1786:1788 arg1 mass 1790:1793 greater fat mass 1778:1793 greater fat mass 1778:1793 At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in LNFPI was associated with a 0.79-g lower fat mass (P = 0.02), whereas disialyl-lacto-N-tetraose and LNFPII were associated with a 1.92-g (P = 0.02) and 0.42-g (P = 0.02) greater fat mass, respectively. 26511224 2 87 theme age 501:503 arg1 mo 495:496 1 and 6 mo 487:496 1 and 6 mo of age 487:503 OBJECTIVE We examined whether differences in the composition of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) correlate with infant growth and body composition at 1 and 6 mo of age. 26511224 0 88 theme life 98:101 arg1 mo 92:93 the first 6 mo 80:93 the first 6 mo of life 80:101 Associations between human milk oligosaccharides and infant body composition in the first 6 mo of life. 26511224 12 89 dep 1.92-g 1738:1743 arg1 mass 1790:1793 greater fat mass 1778:1793 greater fat mass 1778:1793 At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in LNFPI was associated with a 0.79-g lower fat mass (P = 0.02), whereas disialyl-lacto-N-tetraose and LNFPII were associated with a 1.92-g (P = 0.02) and 0.42-g (P = 0.02) greater fat mass, respectively. 26511224 0 90 theme milk 27:30 arg1 oligosaccharides 32:47 human milk oligosaccharides 21:47 human milk oligosaccharides 21:47 Associations between human milk oligosaccharides and infant body composition in the first 6 mo of life. 26511224 10 91 theme 0.40-kg 1399:1405 arg1 weight 1420:1425 a 0.40-kg lower infant weight 1397:1425 a 0.40-kg lower infant weight (P = 0.03) 1397:1436 At 1 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I was associated with a 0.40-kg lower infant weight (P = 0.03). 26511224 10 91 theme 0.40-kg 1399:1405 arg1 P 1428:1428 P = 0.03 1428:1435 P = 0.03 1428:1435 At 1 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I was associated with a 0.40-kg lower infant weight (P = 0.03). 26511224 2 92 dep OBJECTIVE 335:343 arg1 examined 348:355 examined 348:355 examined whether differences in the composition of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) correlate with infant growth and body composition at 1 and 6 mo of age 348:503 OBJECTIVE We examined whether differences in the composition of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) correlate with infant growth and body composition at 1 and 6 mo of age. 26511224 1 93 theme milk 295:298 arg1 components 274:283 specific components 265:283 specific components of breast milk 265:298 BACKGROUND Evidence linking breastfeeding to reduced risk of developing childhood obesity is inconclusive, yet previous studies have not considered variation in specific components of breast milk that may affect early development. 26511224 2 94 theme body 467:470 arg1 composition 472:482 body composition 467:482 body composition 467:482 OBJECTIVE We examined whether differences in the composition of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) correlate with infant growth and body composition at 1 and 6 mo of age. 26511224 3 95 theme Sciences 626:633 arg1 Center 635:640 Oklahoma Health Sciences Center 610:640 Oklahoma Health Sciences Center 610:640 DESIGN Twenty-five mother-infant dyads were recruited from the University Hospital at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center. 26511224 2 96 theme milk 405:408 arg1 oligosaccharides 410:425 human milk oligosaccharides 399:425 human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) 399:432 OBJECTIVE We examined whether differences in the composition of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) correlate with infant growth and body composition at 1 and 6 mo of age. 26511224 2 96 theme milk 405:408 arg1 HMOs 428:431 HMOs 428:431 HMOs 428:431 OBJECTIVE We examined whether differences in the composition of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) correlate with infant growth and body composition at 1 and 6 mo of age. 26511224 0 97 theme body 60:63 arg1 composition 65:75 infant body composition 53:75 infant body composition 53:75 Associations between human milk oligosaccharides and infant body composition in the first 6 mo of life. 26511224 7 98 theme body 1014:1017 arg1 composition 1019:1029 body composition 1014:1029 body composition 1014:1029 Relations between HMOs and infant growth and body composition were examined by using multiple linear regression. 26511224 14 99 theme infant 2118:2123 arg1 growth 2125:2130 infant growth 2118:2130 infant growth 2118:2130 CONCLUSION These findings support the hypothesis that differences in HMO composition in mother's milk are associated with infant growth and body composition. 26511224 1 100 theme early 316:320 arg1 development 322:332 early development 316:332 early development 316:332 BACKGROUND Evidence linking breastfeeding to reduced risk of developing childhood obesity is inconclusive, yet previous studies have not considered variation in specific components of breast milk that may affect early development. 26511224 8 101 theme A 1082:1082 arg1 covariates 1091:1100 A priori covariates 1082:1100 A priori covariates 1082:1100 A priori covariates included maternal prepregnancy body mass index, pregnancy weight gain, and infant age and sex. 26511224 10 102 theme infant 1413:1418 arg1 weight 1420:1425 a 0.40-kg lower infant weight 1397:1425 a 0.40-kg lower infant weight (P = 0.03) 1397:1436 At 1 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I was associated with a 0.40-kg lower infant weight (P = 0.03). 26511224 10 102 theme infant 1413:1418 arg1 P 1428:1428 P = 0.03 1428:1435 P = 0.03 1428:1435 At 1 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I was associated with a 0.40-kg lower infant weight (P = 0.03). 26511224 11 103 theme lower 1546:1550 arg1 P 1563:1563 P = 0.01 1563:1570 P = 0.01 1563:1570 At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in LNFPI was associated with a 1.11-kg lower weight (P = 0.03) and a 0.85-g lower lean mass (P = 0.01). 26511224 11 103 theme lower 1546:1550 arg1 mass 1557:1560 a 0.85-g lower lean mass 1537:1560 a 0.85-g lower lean mass (P = 0.01) 1537:1571 At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in LNFPI was associated with a 1.11-kg lower weight (P = 0.03) and a 0.85-g lower lean mass (P = 0.01). 26511224 12 104 from increase 1596:1603 arg1 LNFPI 1608:1612 LNFPI 1608:1612 LNFPI 1608:1612 At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in LNFPI was associated with a 0.79-g lower fat mass (P = 0.02), whereas disialyl-lacto-N-tetraose and LNFPII were associated with a 1.92-g (P = 0.02) and 0.42-g (P = 0.02) greater fat mass, respectively. 26511224 11 105 theme lower 1509:1513 arg1 P 1523:1523 P = 0.03 1523:1530 P = 0.03 1523:1530 At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in LNFPI was associated with a 1.11-kg lower weight (P = 0.03) and a 0.85-g lower lean mass (P = 0.01). 26511224 11 105 theme lower 1509:1513 arg1 weight 1515:1520 a 1.11-kg lower weight 1499:1520 a 1.11-kg lower weight (P = 0.03) 1499:1531 At 6 mo, each 1-μg/mL increase in LNFPI was associated with a 1.11-kg lower weight (P = 0.03) and a 0.85-g lower lean mass (P = 0.01). 28531976 0 0 theme Michael 84:90 arg1 addition 92:99 facile Michael addition 77:99 facile Michael addition 77:99 Synthesis of in-situ formable hydrogels with collagen and hyaluronan through facile Michael addition. 28531976 2 1 theme thiol 462:466 arg1 f 481:481 f 481:481 f 481:481 The hydrogels were denoted as CHG-1, CHG-2, CHG-3 and CHG-4 by vinyl/free thiol molar ratio (f) of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4, respectively. 28531976 2 1 theme thiol 462:466 arg1 ratio 474:478 vinyl/free thiol molar ratio 451:478 vinyl/free thiol molar ratio (f) of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4, respectively 451:521 The hydrogels were denoted as CHG-1, CHG-2, CHG-3 and CHG-4 by vinyl/free thiol molar ratio (f) of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4, respectively. 28531976 4 2 theme samples 754:760 arg1 images 730:735 SEM images 726:735 SEM images of the air-dried samples 726:760 SEM images of the air-dried samples revealed that the chemical modification process did not denature the collagen, and the interwoven collagen fibrils were indeed observed. 28531976 3 3 theme Young 620:624 arg1 modulus 628:634 Young's modulus 620:634 Young's modulus 620:634 Results showed that with decrease of the f values, the gelation time decreased from 43s to 15s, Young's modulus increased from 1671.65Pa to 9105.86Pa, and the swelling ratio increased from 1.5 to 12.7. 28531976 3 4 dep 9105.86Pa 664:672 arg1 1671.65Pa 651:659 1671.65Pa 651:659 1671.65Pa 651:659 Results showed that with decrease of the f values, the gelation time decreased from 43s to 15s, Young's modulus increased from 1671.65Pa to 9105.86Pa, and the swelling ratio increased from 1.5 to 12.7. 28531976 0 5 theme facile 77:82 arg1 addition 92:99 facile Michael addition 77:99 facile Michael addition 77:99 Synthesis of in-situ formable hydrogels with collagen and hyaluronan through facile Michael addition. 28531976 4 6 theme modification 789:800 arg1 process 802:808 the chemical modification process 776:808 the chemical modification process 776:808 SEM images of the air-dried samples revealed that the chemical modification process did not denature the collagen, and the interwoven collagen fibrils were indeed observed. 28531976 4 7 theme air-dried 744:752 arg1 samples 754:760 the air-dried samples 740:760 the air-dried samples 740:760 SEM images of the air-dried samples revealed that the chemical modification process did not denature the collagen, and the interwoven collagen fibrils were indeed observed. 28531976 5 8 theme MC3T3-E1 979:986 arg1 proliferation 962:974 proliferation 962:974 proliferation 962:974 Cell culture confirmed that the CHG facilitated the growth and proliferation of MC3T3-E1. 28531976 5 8 theme MC3T3-E1 979:986 arg1 growth 951:956 growth 951:956 growth 951:956 Cell culture confirmed that the CHG facilitated the growth and proliferation of MC3T3-E1. 28531976 6 9 theme culture 1086:1092 arg1 time 1094:1097 culture time 1086:1097 culture time 1086:1097 Cells displayed spreading morphology and formed nearly aligned cell layers with the extension of culture time. 28531976 1 10 theme facile 265:270 arg1 approach 272:279 a facile approach 263:279 a facile approach via Michael addition reaction 263:309 To mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) and to facilitate tissue regeneration, in-situ formable collagen/hyaluronan composite hydrogels were prepared by a facile approach via Michael addition reaction, with maleilated collagen (Col-MA) and thiol derivatized hyaluronan (HA-SH). 28531976 1 11 theme thiol 350:354 arg1 HA-SH 380:384 HA-SH 380:384 HA-SH 380:384 To mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) and to facilitate tissue regeneration, in-situ formable collagen/hyaluronan composite hydrogels were prepared by a facile approach via Michael addition reaction, with maleilated collagen (Col-MA) and thiol derivatized hyaluronan (HA-SH). 28531976 1 11 theme thiol 350:354 arg1 hyaluronan 368:377 thiol derivatized hyaluronan 350:377 thiol derivatized hyaluronan (HA-SH) 350:385 To mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) and to facilitate tissue regeneration, in-situ formable collagen/hyaluronan composite hydrogels were prepared by a facile approach via Michael addition reaction, with maleilated collagen (Col-MA) and thiol derivatized hyaluronan (HA-SH). 28531976 1 12 theme derivatized 356:366 arg1 HA-SH 380:384 HA-SH 380:384 HA-SH 380:384 To mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) and to facilitate tissue regeneration, in-situ formable collagen/hyaluronan composite hydrogels were prepared by a facile approach via Michael addition reaction, with maleilated collagen (Col-MA) and thiol derivatized hyaluronan (HA-SH). 28531976 1 12 theme derivatized 356:366 arg1 hyaluronan 368:377 thiol derivatized hyaluronan 350:377 thiol derivatized hyaluronan (HA-SH) 350:385 To mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) and to facilitate tissue regeneration, in-situ formable collagen/hyaluronan composite hydrogels were prepared by a facile approach via Michael addition reaction, with maleilated collagen (Col-MA) and thiol derivatized hyaluronan (HA-SH). 28531976 4 13 theme SEM 726:728 arg1 images 730:735 SEM images 726:735 SEM images of the air-dried samples 726:760 SEM images of the air-dried samples revealed that the chemical modification process did not denature the collagen, and the interwoven collagen fibrils were indeed observed. 28531976 2 14 theme vinyl/free 451:460 arg1 f 481:481 f 481:481 f 481:481 The hydrogels were denoted as CHG-1, CHG-2, CHG-3 and CHG-4 by vinyl/free thiol molar ratio (f) of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4, respectively. 28531976 2 14 theme vinyl/free 451:460 arg1 ratio 474:478 vinyl/free thiol molar ratio 451:478 vinyl/free thiol molar ratio (f) of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4, respectively 451:521 The hydrogels were denoted as CHG-1, CHG-2, CHG-3 and CHG-4 by vinyl/free thiol molar ratio (f) of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4, respectively. 28531976 1 15 theme tissue 168:173 arg1 regeneration 175:186 tissue regeneration 168:186 tissue regeneration 168:186 To mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) and to facilitate tissue regeneration, in-situ formable collagen/hyaluronan composite hydrogels were prepared by a facile approach via Michael addition reaction, with maleilated collagen (Col-MA) and thiol derivatized hyaluronan (HA-SH). 28531976 0 16 theme formable 21:28 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis of in-situ formable 0:28 Synthesis of in-situ formable hydrogels with collagen and hyaluronan through facile Michael addition. 28531976 1 17 theme Michael 285:291 arg1 addition 293:300 Michael addition 285:300 Michael addition reaction 285:309 To mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) and to facilitate tissue regeneration, in-situ formable collagen/hyaluronan composite hydrogels were prepared by a facile approach via Michael addition reaction, with maleilated collagen (Col-MA) and thiol derivatized hyaluronan (HA-SH). 28531976 6 18 theme cell 1052:1055 arg1 layers 1057:1062 nearly aligned cell layers 1037:1062 nearly aligned cell layers 1037:1062 Cells displayed spreading morphology and formed nearly aligned cell layers with the extension of culture time. 28531976 0 19 theme in-situ 13:19 arg1 formable 21:28 in-situ formable 13:28 in-situ formable 13:28 Synthesis of in-situ formable hydrogels with collagen and hyaluronan through facile Michael addition. 28531976 1 20 theme addition 293:300 arg1 reaction 302:309 Michael addition reaction 285:309 Michael addition reaction 285:309 To mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) and to facilitate tissue regeneration, in-situ formable collagen/hyaluronan composite hydrogels were prepared by a facile approach via Michael addition reaction, with maleilated collagen (Col-MA) and thiol derivatized hyaluronan (HA-SH). 28531976 2 21 theme 1:2 492:494 arg1 f 481:481 f 481:481 f 481:481 The hydrogels were denoted as CHG-1, CHG-2, CHG-3 and CHG-4 by vinyl/free thiol molar ratio (f) of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4, respectively. 28531976 2 21 theme 1:2 492:494 arg1 ratio 474:478 vinyl/free thiol molar ratio 451:478 vinyl/free thiol molar ratio (f) of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4, respectively 451:521 The hydrogels were denoted as CHG-1, CHG-2, CHG-3 and CHG-4 by vinyl/free thiol molar ratio (f) of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4, respectively. 28531976 3 22 theme values 567:572 arg1 decrease 549:556 decrease 549:556 decrease of the f values 549:572 Results showed that with decrease of the f values, the gelation time decreased from 43s to 15s, Young's modulus increased from 1671.65Pa to 9105.86Pa, and the swelling ratio increased from 1.5 to 12.7. 28531976 6 23 theme aligned 1044:1050 arg1 layers 1057:1062 nearly aligned cell layers 1037:1062 nearly aligned cell layers 1037:1062 Cells displayed spreading morphology and formed nearly aligned cell layers with the extension of culture time. 28531976 1 24 theme in-situ 189:195 arg1 hydrogels 236:244 in-situ formable collagen/hyaluronan composite hydrogels 189:244 in-situ formable collagen/hyaluronan composite hydrogels 189:244 To mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) and to facilitate tissue regeneration, in-situ formable collagen/hyaluronan composite hydrogels were prepared by a facile approach via Michael addition reaction, with maleilated collagen (Col-MA) and thiol derivatized hyaluronan (HA-SH). 28531976 7 25 theme tissue 1176:1181 arg1 regeneration 1183:1194 tissue regeneration 1176:1194 tissue regeneration 1176:1194 Therefore, it is suggested that CHG can be used as injectable materials for tissue regeneration. 28531976 1 26 theme formable 197:204 arg1 hydrogels 236:244 in-situ formable collagen/hyaluronan composite hydrogels 189:244 in-situ formable collagen/hyaluronan composite hydrogels 189:244 To mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) and to facilitate tissue regeneration, in-situ formable collagen/hyaluronan composite hydrogels were prepared by a facile approach via Michael addition reaction, with maleilated collagen (Col-MA) and thiol derivatized hyaluronan (HA-SH). 28531976 2 27 theme 1:1 487:489 arg1 f 481:481 f 481:481 f 481:481 The hydrogels were denoted as CHG-1, CHG-2, CHG-3 and CHG-4 by vinyl/free thiol molar ratio (f) of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4, respectively. 28531976 2 27 theme 1:1 487:489 arg1 ratio 474:478 vinyl/free thiol molar ratio 451:478 vinyl/free thiol molar ratio (f) of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4, respectively 451:521 The hydrogels were denoted as CHG-1, CHG-2, CHG-3 and CHG-4 by vinyl/free thiol molar ratio (f) of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4, respectively. 28531976 1 28 theme collagen/hyaluronan 206:224 arg1 hydrogels 236:244 in-situ formable collagen/hyaluronan composite hydrogels 189:244 in-situ formable collagen/hyaluronan composite hydrogels 189:244 To mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) and to facilitate tissue regeneration, in-situ formable collagen/hyaluronan composite hydrogels were prepared by a facile approach via Michael addition reaction, with maleilated collagen (Col-MA) and thiol derivatized hyaluronan (HA-SH). 28531976 4 29 theme chemical 780:787 arg1 process 802:808 the chemical modification process 776:808 the chemical modification process 776:808 SEM images of the air-dried samples revealed that the chemical modification process did not denature the collagen, and the interwoven collagen fibrils were indeed observed. 28531976 3 30 theme f 565:565 arg1 values 567:572 the f values 561:572 the f values 561:572 Results showed that with decrease of the f values, the gelation time decreased from 43s to 15s, Young's modulus increased from 1671.65Pa to 9105.86Pa, and the swelling ratio increased from 1.5 to 12.7. 28531976 1 31 theme maleilated 317:326 arg1 Col-MA 338:343 Col-MA 338:343 Col-MA 338:343 To mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) and to facilitate tissue regeneration, in-situ formable collagen/hyaluronan composite hydrogels were prepared by a facile approach via Michael addition reaction, with maleilated collagen (Col-MA) and thiol derivatized hyaluronan (HA-SH). 28531976 1 31 theme maleilated 317:326 arg1 collagen 328:335 maleilated collagen 317:335 maleilated collagen (Col-MA) 317:344 To mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) and to facilitate tissue regeneration, in-situ formable collagen/hyaluronan composite hydrogels were prepared by a facile approach via Michael addition reaction, with maleilated collagen (Col-MA) and thiol derivatized hyaluronan (HA-SH). 28531976 2 32 theme 1:4 505:507 arg1 f 481:481 f 481:481 f 481:481 The hydrogels were denoted as CHG-1, CHG-2, CHG-3 and CHG-4 by vinyl/free thiol molar ratio (f) of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4, respectively. 28531976 2 32 theme 1:4 505:507 arg1 ratio 474:478 vinyl/free thiol molar ratio 451:478 vinyl/free thiol molar ratio (f) of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4, respectively 451:521 The hydrogels were denoted as CHG-1, CHG-2, CHG-3 and CHG-4 by vinyl/free thiol molar ratio (f) of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4, respectively. 28531976 4 33 theme interwoven 849:858 arg1 fibrils 869:875 the interwoven collagen fibrils 845:875 the interwoven collagen fibrils 845:875 SEM images of the air-dried samples revealed that the chemical modification process did not denature the collagen, and the interwoven collagen fibrils were indeed observed. 28531976 1 34 theme natural 115:121 arg1 ECM 145:147 ECM 145:147 ECM 145:147 To mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) and to facilitate tissue regeneration, in-situ formable collagen/hyaluronan composite hydrogels were prepared by a facile approach via Michael addition reaction, with maleilated collagen (Col-MA) and thiol derivatized hyaluronan (HA-SH). 28531976 1 34 theme natural 115:121 arg1 matrix 137:142 the natural extracellular matrix 111:142 the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) 111:148 To mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) and to facilitate tissue regeneration, in-situ formable collagen/hyaluronan composite hydrogels were prepared by a facile approach via Michael addition reaction, with maleilated collagen (Col-MA) and thiol derivatized hyaluronan (HA-SH). 28531976 6 35 theme time 1094:1097 arg1 extension 1073:1081 the extension 1069:1081 the extension of culture time 1069:1097 Cells displayed spreading morphology and formed nearly aligned cell layers with the extension of culture time. 28531976 1 36 theme extracellular 123:135 arg1 ECM 145:147 ECM 145:147 ECM 145:147 To mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) and to facilitate tissue regeneration, in-situ formable collagen/hyaluronan composite hydrogels were prepared by a facile approach via Michael addition reaction, with maleilated collagen (Col-MA) and thiol derivatized hyaluronan (HA-SH). 28531976 1 36 theme extracellular 123:135 arg1 matrix 137:142 the natural extracellular matrix 111:142 the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) 111:148 To mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) and to facilitate tissue regeneration, in-situ formable collagen/hyaluronan composite hydrogels were prepared by a facile approach via Michael addition reaction, with maleilated collagen (Col-MA) and thiol derivatized hyaluronan (HA-SH). 28531976 1 37 theme composite 226:234 arg1 hydrogels 236:244 in-situ formable collagen/hyaluronan composite hydrogels 189:244 in-situ formable collagen/hyaluronan composite hydrogels 189:244 To mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) and to facilitate tissue regeneration, in-situ formable collagen/hyaluronan composite hydrogels were prepared by a facile approach via Michael addition reaction, with maleilated collagen (Col-MA) and thiol derivatized hyaluronan (HA-SH). 28531976 2 38 theme 1:3 497:499 arg1 f 481:481 f 481:481 f 481:481 The hydrogels were denoted as CHG-1, CHG-2, CHG-3 and CHG-4 by vinyl/free thiol molar ratio (f) of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4, respectively. 28531976 2 38 theme 1:3 497:499 arg1 ratio 474:478 vinyl/free thiol molar ratio 451:478 vinyl/free thiol molar ratio (f) of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4, respectively 451:521 The hydrogels were denoted as CHG-1, CHG-2, CHG-3 and CHG-4 by vinyl/free thiol molar ratio (f) of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4, respectively. 28531976 3 39 dep 12.7 720:723 arg1 to 717:718 to 717:718 to 717:718 Results showed that with decrease of the f values, the gelation time decreased from 43s to 15s, Young's modulus increased from 1671.65Pa to 9105.86Pa, and the swelling ratio increased from 1.5 to 12.7. 28531976 7 40 theme injectable 1151:1160 arg1 CHG 1132:1134 CHG 1132:1134 CHG 1132:1134 Therefore, it is suggested that CHG can be used as injectable materials for tissue regeneration. 28531976 7 40 theme injectable 1151:1160 arg1 materials 1162:1170 injectable materials 1151:1170 injectable materials for tissue regeneration 1151:1194 Therefore, it is suggested that CHG can be used as injectable materials for tissue regeneration. 28531976 4 41 theme collagen 860:867 arg1 fibrils 869:875 the interwoven collagen fibrils 845:875 the interwoven collagen fibrils 845:875 SEM images of the air-dried samples revealed that the chemical modification process did not denature the collagen, and the interwoven collagen fibrils were indeed observed. 28531976 3 42 theme gelation 579:586 arg1 time 588:591 the gelation time 575:591 the gelation time 575:591 Results showed that with decrease of the f values, the gelation time decreased from 43s to 15s, Young's modulus increased from 1671.65Pa to 9105.86Pa, and the swelling ratio increased from 1.5 to 12.7. 28531976 7 43 used used 1143:1146 arg2 CHG 1132:1134 CHG 1132:1134 CHG 1132:1134 Therefore, it is suggested that CHG can be used as injectable materials for tissue regeneration. 28531976 7 43 used used 1143:1146 arg2 materials 1162:1170 injectable materials 1151:1170 injectable materials for tissue regeneration 1151:1194 Therefore, it is suggested that CHG can be used as injectable materials for tissue regeneration. 28531976 6 44 theme spreading 1005:1013 arg1 morphology 1015:1024 spreading morphology 1005:1024 spreading morphology 1005:1024 Cells displayed spreading morphology and formed nearly aligned cell layers with the extension of culture time. 28531976 3 45 theme swelling 683:690 arg1 ratio 692:696 the swelling ratio 679:696 the swelling ratio 679:696 Results showed that with decrease of the f values, the gelation time decreased from 43s to 15s, Young's modulus increased from 1671.65Pa to 9105.86Pa, and the swelling ratio increased from 1.5 to 12.7. 28531976 2 46 theme molar 468:472 arg1 f 481:481 f 481:481 f 481:481 The hydrogels were denoted as CHG-1, CHG-2, CHG-3 and CHG-4 by vinyl/free thiol molar ratio (f) of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4, respectively. 28531976 2 46 theme molar 468:472 arg1 ratio 474:478 vinyl/free thiol molar ratio 451:478 vinyl/free thiol molar ratio (f) of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4, respectively 451:521 The hydrogels were denoted as CHG-1, CHG-2, CHG-3 and CHG-4 by vinyl/free thiol molar ratio (f) of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4, respectively. 28531976 5 47 theme Cell 899:902 arg1 culture 904:910 Cell culture 899:910 Cell culture 899:910 Cell culture confirmed that the CHG facilitated the growth and proliferation of MC3T3-E1. 28038750 5 0 theme hysteresis 674:683 arg1 ratio 685:689 The hysteresis ratio 670:689 The hysteresis ratio during cyclic compression 670:715 The hysteresis ratio during cyclic compression increased gradually with PVA content and close to native cartilage. 28038750 1 1 theme microtubule 209:219 arg1 structure 221:229 orientated microtubule structure 198:229 orientated microtubule structure 198:229 Scaffold of gelatin-chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronan-polyvinyl alcohol (GCH-PVA) with orientated microtubule structure and good hydrophilicity was fabricated by unidirectional freeze-drying method mimicking the composition and structure of tracheal cartilage extracellular matrix. 28038750 4 2 theme mechanical 648:657 arg1 stability 659:667 good mechanical stability 643:667 good mechanical stability 643:667 GCH-PVA scaffolds showed high relative remaining stress during relaxation indicating good mechanical stability. 28038750 8 3 theme microtubule 1164:1174 arg1 structure 1176:1184 the orientated microtubule structure 1149:1184 the orientated microtubule structure 1149:1184 With the orientated microtubule structure, cells ingrowth into scaffolds was facilitated by dynamic culture method. 28038750 7 4 theme mesenchymal 1111:1121 arg1 mBMSCs 1135:1140 mBMSCs 1135:1140 mBMSCs 1135:1140 The incorporation of PVA promoted gene expression of adhesion related integrin α5β1 and actin by mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs). 28038750 7 4 theme mesenchymal 1111:1121 arg1 cells 1128:1132 mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 1093:1132 mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs) 1093:1141 The incorporation of PVA promoted gene expression of adhesion related integrin α5β1 and actin by mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs). 28038750 4 5 theme good 643:646 arg1 stability 659:667 good mechanical stability 643:667 good mechanical stability 643:667 GCH-PVA scaffolds showed high relative remaining stress during relaxation indicating good mechanical stability. 28038750 8 6 theme cells 1187:1191 arg1 ingrowth 1193:1200 cells ingrowth 1187:1200 cells ingrowth into scaffolds 1187:1215 With the orientated microtubule structure, cells ingrowth into scaffolds was facilitated by dynamic culture method. 28038750 7 7 theme stem 1123:1126 arg1 mBMSCs 1135:1140 mBMSCs 1135:1140 mBMSCs 1135:1140 The incorporation of PVA promoted gene expression of adhesion related integrin α5β1 and actin by mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs). 28038750 7 7 theme stem 1123:1126 arg1 cells 1128:1132 mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 1093:1132 mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs) 1093:1141 The incorporation of PVA promoted gene expression of adhesion related integrin α5β1 and actin by mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs). 28038750 7 8 theme gene 1030:1033 arg1 expression 1035:1044 gene expression 1030:1044 gene expression of adhesion related integrin α5β1 and actin by mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs) 1030:1141 The incorporation of PVA promoted gene expression of adhesion related integrin α5β1 and actin by mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs). 28038750 4 9 theme remaining 597:605 arg1 stress 607:612 high relative remaining stress 583:612 high relative remaining stress 583:612 GCH-PVA scaffolds showed high relative remaining stress during relaxation indicating good mechanical stability. 28038750 7 10 theme bone 1099:1102 arg1 marrow 1104:1109 mouse bone marrow 1093:1109 mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs) 1093:1141 The incorporation of PVA promoted gene expression of adhesion related integrin α5β1 and actin by mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs). 28038750 2 11 theme GCH 460:462 arg1 scaffold 464:471 GCH scaffold 460:471 GCH scaffold 460:471 PVA was incorporated to improve flexibility and viscoelasticity of GCH scaffold. 28038750 1 12 theme tracheal 352:359 arg1 matrix 385:390 tracheal cartilage extracellular matrix 352:390 tracheal cartilage extracellular matrix 352:390 Scaffold of gelatin-chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronan-polyvinyl alcohol (GCH-PVA) with orientated microtubule structure and good hydrophilicity was fabricated by unidirectional freeze-drying method mimicking the composition and structure of tracheal cartilage extracellular matrix. 28038750 4 13 theme relative 588:595 arg1 stress 607:612 high relative remaining stress 583:612 high relative remaining stress 583:612 GCH-PVA scaffolds showed high relative remaining stress during relaxation indicating good mechanical stability. 28038750 5 14 theme native 767:772 arg1 cartilage 774:782 native cartilage 767:782 native cartilage 767:782 The hysteresis ratio during cyclic compression increased gradually with PVA content and close to native cartilage. 28038750 7 15 theme marrow 1104:1109 arg1 mBMSCs 1135:1140 mBMSCs 1135:1140 mBMSCs 1135:1140 The incorporation of PVA promoted gene expression of adhesion related integrin α5β1 and actin by mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs). 28038750 7 15 theme marrow 1104:1109 arg1 cells 1128:1132 mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 1093:1132 mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs) 1093:1141 The incorporation of PVA promoted gene expression of adhesion related integrin α5β1 and actin by mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs). 28038750 7 16 theme adhesion 1049:1056 arg1 integrin 1066:1073 adhesion related integrin α5β1 1049:1078 adhesion related integrin α5β1 1049:1078 The incorporation of PVA promoted gene expression of adhesion related integrin α5β1 and actin by mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs). 28038750 3 17 theme compressive 507:517 arg1 modulus 527:533 similar compressive elastic modulus 499:533 similar compressive elastic modulus 499:533 All wet scaffolds showed similar compressive elastic modulus with native cartilage. 28038750 3 18 theme elastic 519:525 arg1 modulus 527:533 similar compressive elastic modulus 499:533 similar compressive elastic modulus 499:533 All wet scaffolds showed similar compressive elastic modulus with native cartilage. 28038750 6 19 theme scaffolds 940:948 arg1 elasticity 926:935 the elasticity 922:935 the elasticity of scaffolds 922:948 During multiple frequency compression, all scaffolds showed a low loss tangent close to native cartilage, and PVA incorporation enhanced the elasticity of scaffolds when they were stressed under high frequency. 28038750 6 20 theme loss 851:854 arg1 tangent 856:862 a low loss tangent 845:862 a low loss tangent close to native cartilage 845:888 During multiple frequency compression, all scaffolds showed a low loss tangent close to native cartilage, and PVA incorporation enhanced the elasticity of scaffolds when they were stressed under high frequency. 28038750 1 21 theme good 235:238 arg1 hydrophilicity 240:253 good hydrophilicity 235:253 good hydrophilicity 235:253 Scaffold of gelatin-chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronan-polyvinyl alcohol (GCH-PVA) with orientated microtubule structure and good hydrophilicity was fabricated by unidirectional freeze-drying method mimicking the composition and structure of tracheal cartilage extracellular matrix. 28038750 0 22 theme tracheal 2:9 arg1 scaffold 11:18 A tracheal scaffold 0:18 A tracheal scaffold of gelatin-chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronan-polyvinyl alcohol with orientated porous structure. 0:112 A tracheal scaffold of gelatin-chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronan-polyvinyl alcohol with orientated porous structure. 28038750 1 23 with alcohol 175:181 arg1 hydrophilicity 240:253 good hydrophilicity 235:253 good hydrophilicity 235:253 Scaffold of gelatin-chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronan-polyvinyl alcohol (GCH-PVA) with orientated microtubule structure and good hydrophilicity was fabricated by unidirectional freeze-drying method mimicking the composition and structure of tracheal cartilage extracellular matrix. 28038750 1 23 with alcohol 175:181 arg1 structure 221:229 orientated microtubule structure 198:229 orientated microtubule structure 198:229 Scaffold of gelatin-chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronan-polyvinyl alcohol (GCH-PVA) with orientated microtubule structure and good hydrophilicity was fabricated by unidirectional freeze-drying method mimicking the composition and structure of tracheal cartilage extracellular matrix. 28038750 7 24 theme mouse 1093:1097 arg1 marrow 1104:1109 mouse bone marrow 1093:1109 mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs) 1093:1141 The incorporation of PVA promoted gene expression of adhesion related integrin α5β1 and actin by mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs). 28038750 6 25 theme low 847:849 arg1 tangent 856:862 a low loss tangent 845:862 a low loss tangent close to native cartilage 845:888 During multiple frequency compression, all scaffolds showed a low loss tangent close to native cartilage, and PVA incorporation enhanced the elasticity of scaffolds when they were stressed under high frequency. 28038750 1 26 theme cartilage 361:369 arg1 matrix 385:390 tracheal cartilage extracellular matrix 352:390 tracheal cartilage extracellular matrix 352:390 Scaffold of gelatin-chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronan-polyvinyl alcohol (GCH-PVA) with orientated microtubule structure and good hydrophilicity was fabricated by unidirectional freeze-drying method mimicking the composition and structure of tracheal cartilage extracellular matrix. 28038750 8 27 theme orientated 1153:1162 arg1 structure 1176:1184 the orientated microtubule structure 1149:1184 the orientated microtubule structure 1149:1184 With the orientated microtubule structure, cells ingrowth into scaffolds was facilitated by dynamic culture method. 28038750 3 28 theme native 540:545 arg1 cartilage 547:555 native cartilage 540:555 native cartilage 540:555 All wet scaffolds showed similar compressive elastic modulus with native cartilage. 28038750 1 29 theme extracellular 371:383 arg1 matrix 385:390 tracheal cartilage extracellular matrix 352:390 tracheal cartilage extracellular matrix 352:390 Scaffold of gelatin-chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronan-polyvinyl alcohol (GCH-PVA) with orientated microtubule structure and good hydrophilicity was fabricated by unidirectional freeze-drying method mimicking the composition and structure of tracheal cartilage extracellular matrix. 28038750 5 30 theme PVA 742:744 arg1 content 746:752 PVA content 742:752 PVA content 742:752 The hysteresis ratio during cyclic compression increased gradually with PVA content and close to native cartilage. 28038750 1 31 theme gelatin-chondroitin 126:144 arg1 GCH-PVA 184:190 GCH-PVA 184:190 GCH-PVA 184:190 Scaffold of gelatin-chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronan-polyvinyl alcohol (GCH-PVA) with orientated microtubule structure and good hydrophilicity was fabricated by unidirectional freeze-drying method mimicking the composition and structure of tracheal cartilage extracellular matrix. 28038750 1 31 theme gelatin-chondroitin 126:144 arg1 alcohol 175:181 gelatin-chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronan-polyvinyl alcohol 126:181 gelatin-chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronan-polyvinyl alcohol (GCH-PVA) with orientated microtubule structure and good hydrophilicity 126:253 Scaffold of gelatin-chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronan-polyvinyl alcohol (GCH-PVA) with orientated microtubule structure and good hydrophilicity was fabricated by unidirectional freeze-drying method mimicking the composition and structure of tracheal cartilage extracellular matrix. 28038750 3 32 theme wet 478:480 arg1 scaffolds 482:490 All wet scaffolds 474:490 All wet scaffolds 474:490 All wet scaffolds showed similar compressive elastic modulus with native cartilage. 28038750 1 33 theme matrix 385:390 arg1 structure 339:347 structure 339:347 structure 339:347 Scaffold of gelatin-chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronan-polyvinyl alcohol (GCH-PVA) with orientated microtubule structure and good hydrophilicity was fabricated by unidirectional freeze-drying method mimicking the composition and structure of tracheal cartilage extracellular matrix. 28038750 1 33 theme matrix 385:390 arg1 composition 323:333 composition 323:333 composition 323:333 Scaffold of gelatin-chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronan-polyvinyl alcohol (GCH-PVA) with orientated microtubule structure and good hydrophilicity was fabricated by unidirectional freeze-drying method mimicking the composition and structure of tracheal cartilage extracellular matrix. 28038750 6 34 theme PVA 895:897 arg1 incorporation 899:911 PVA incorporation 895:911 PVA incorporation 895:911 During multiple frequency compression, all scaffolds showed a low loss tangent close to native cartilage, and PVA incorporation enhanced the elasticity of scaffolds when they were stressed under high frequency. 28038750 1 35 theme sulfate-hyaluronan-polyvinyl 146:173 arg1 GCH-PVA 184:190 GCH-PVA 184:190 GCH-PVA 184:190 Scaffold of gelatin-chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronan-polyvinyl alcohol (GCH-PVA) with orientated microtubule structure and good hydrophilicity was fabricated by unidirectional freeze-drying method mimicking the composition and structure of tracheal cartilage extracellular matrix. 28038750 1 35 theme sulfate-hyaluronan-polyvinyl 146:173 arg1 alcohol 175:181 gelatin-chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronan-polyvinyl alcohol 126:181 gelatin-chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronan-polyvinyl alcohol (GCH-PVA) with orientated microtubule structure and good hydrophilicity 126:253 Scaffold of gelatin-chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronan-polyvinyl alcohol (GCH-PVA) with orientated microtubule structure and good hydrophilicity was fabricated by unidirectional freeze-drying method mimicking the composition and structure of tracheal cartilage extracellular matrix. 28038750 0 36 theme sulfate-hyaluronan-polyvinyl 43:70 arg1 alcohol 72:78 gelatin-chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronan-polyvinyl alcohol 23:78 gelatin-chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronan-polyvinyl alcohol 23:78 A tracheal scaffold of gelatin-chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronan-polyvinyl alcohol with orientated porous structure. 28038750 7 37 theme PVA 1017:1019 arg1 incorporation 1000:1012 The incorporation 996:1012 The incorporation of PVA 996:1019 The incorporation of PVA promoted gene expression of adhesion related integrin α5β1 and actin by mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs). 28038750 8 38 theme culture 1244:1250 arg1 method 1252:1257 dynamic culture method 1236:1257 dynamic culture method 1236:1257 With the orientated microtubule structure, cells ingrowth into scaffolds was facilitated by dynamic culture method. 28038750 1 39 dep composition 323:333 arg1 the 319:321 the 319:321 the 319:321 Scaffold of gelatin-chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronan-polyvinyl alcohol (GCH-PVA) with orientated microtubule structure and good hydrophilicity was fabricated by unidirectional freeze-drying method mimicking the composition and structure of tracheal cartilage extracellular matrix. 28038750 7 40 theme related 1058:1064 arg1 integrin 1066:1073 adhesion related integrin α5β1 1049:1078 adhesion related integrin α5β1 1049:1078 The incorporation of PVA promoted gene expression of adhesion related integrin α5β1 and actin by mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs). 28038750 1 41 theme unidirectional 273:286 arg1 method 302:307 unidirectional freeze-drying method 273:307 unidirectional freeze-drying method mimicking the composition and structure of tracheal cartilage extracellular matrix 273:390 Scaffold of gelatin-chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronan-polyvinyl alcohol (GCH-PVA) with orientated microtubule structure and good hydrophilicity was fabricated by unidirectional freeze-drying method mimicking the composition and structure of tracheal cartilage extracellular matrix. 28038750 0 42 theme gelatin-chondroitin 23:41 arg1 alcohol 72:78 gelatin-chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronan-polyvinyl alcohol 23:78 gelatin-chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronan-polyvinyl alcohol 23:78 A tracheal scaffold of gelatin-chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronan-polyvinyl alcohol with orientated porous structure. 28038750 8 43 theme dynamic 1236:1242 arg1 method 1252:1257 dynamic culture method 1236:1257 dynamic culture method 1236:1257 With the orientated microtubule structure, cells ingrowth into scaffolds was facilitated by dynamic culture method. 28038750 4 44 theme high 583:586 arg1 stress 607:612 high relative remaining stress 583:612 high relative remaining stress 583:612 GCH-PVA scaffolds showed high relative remaining stress during relaxation indicating good mechanical stability. 28038750 1 45 theme freeze-drying 288:300 arg1 method 302:307 unidirectional freeze-drying method 273:307 unidirectional freeze-drying method mimicking the composition and structure of tracheal cartilage extracellular matrix 273:390 Scaffold of gelatin-chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronan-polyvinyl alcohol (GCH-PVA) with orientated microtubule structure and good hydrophilicity was fabricated by unidirectional freeze-drying method mimicking the composition and structure of tracheal cartilage extracellular matrix. 28038750 3 46 theme similar 499:505 arg1 modulus 527:533 similar compressive elastic modulus 499:533 similar compressive elastic modulus 499:533 All wet scaffolds showed similar compressive elastic modulus with native cartilage. 28038750 0 47 with scaffold 11:18 arg1 structure 103:111 orientated porous structure 85:111 orientated porous structure 85:111 A tracheal scaffold of gelatin-chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronan-polyvinyl alcohol with orientated porous structure. 28038750 1 48 theme alcohol 175:181 arg1 Scaffold 114:121 Scaffold 114:121 Scaffold of gelatin-chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronan-polyvinyl alcohol (GCH-PVA) with orientated microtubule structure and good hydrophilicity 114:253 Scaffold of gelatin-chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronan-polyvinyl alcohol (GCH-PVA) with orientated microtubule structure and good hydrophilicity was fabricated by unidirectional freeze-drying method mimicking the composition and structure of tracheal cartilage extracellular matrix. 28038750 0 49 theme alcohol 72:78 arg1 scaffold 11:18 A tracheal scaffold 0:18 A tracheal scaffold of gelatin-chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronan-polyvinyl alcohol with orientated porous structure. 0:112 A tracheal scaffold of gelatin-chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronan-polyvinyl alcohol with orientated porous structure. 28038750 5 50 theme cyclic 698:703 arg1 compression 705:715 cyclic compression 698:715 cyclic compression 698:715 The hysteresis ratio during cyclic compression increased gradually with PVA content and close to native cartilage. 28038750 7 51 theme integrin 1066:1073 arg1 expression 1035:1044 gene expression 1030:1044 gene expression of adhesion related integrin α5β1 and actin by mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs) 1030:1141 The incorporation of PVA promoted gene expression of adhesion related integrin α5β1 and actin by mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs). 28038750 7 52 theme actin 1084:1088 arg1 expression 1035:1044 gene expression 1030:1044 gene expression of adhesion related integrin α5β1 and actin by mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs) 1030:1141 The incorporation of PVA promoted gene expression of adhesion related integrin α5β1 and actin by mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs). 28038750 4 53 theme GCH-PVA 558:564 arg1 scaffolds 566:574 GCH-PVA scaffolds 558:574 GCH-PVA scaffolds 558:574 GCH-PVA scaffolds showed high relative remaining stress during relaxation indicating good mechanical stability. 28038750 6 54 theme high 980:983 arg1 frequency 985:993 high frequency 980:993 high frequency 980:993 During multiple frequency compression, all scaffolds showed a low loss tangent close to native cartilage, and PVA incorporation enhanced the elasticity of scaffolds when they were stressed under high frequency. 28038750 2 55 theme scaffold 464:471 arg1 viscoelasticity 441:455 viscoelasticity 441:455 viscoelasticity 441:455 PVA was incorporated to improve flexibility and viscoelasticity of GCH scaffold. 28038750 2 55 theme scaffold 464:471 arg1 flexibility 425:435 flexibility 425:435 flexibility 425:435 PVA was incorporated to improve flexibility and viscoelasticity of GCH scaffold. 28038750 6 56 theme frequency 801:809 arg1 compression 811:821 multiple frequency compression 792:821 multiple frequency compression 792:821 During multiple frequency compression, all scaffolds showed a low loss tangent close to native cartilage, and PVA incorporation enhanced the elasticity of scaffolds when they were stressed under high frequency. 28038750 0 57 theme porous 96:101 arg1 structure 103:111 orientated porous structure 85:111 orientated porous structure 85:111 A tracheal scaffold of gelatin-chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronan-polyvinyl alcohol with orientated porous structure. 28038750 6 58 theme multiple 792:799 arg1 compression 811:821 multiple frequency compression 792:821 multiple frequency compression 792:821 During multiple frequency compression, all scaffolds showed a low loss tangent close to native cartilage, and PVA incorporation enhanced the elasticity of scaffolds when they were stressed under high frequency. 28038750 0 59 theme orientated 85:94 arg1 structure 103:111 orientated porous structure 85:111 orientated porous structure 85:111 A tracheal scaffold of gelatin-chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronan-polyvinyl alcohol with orientated porous structure. 28038750 6 60 theme native 873:878 arg1 cartilage 880:888 native cartilage 873:888 native cartilage 873:888 During multiple frequency compression, all scaffolds showed a low loss tangent close to native cartilage, and PVA incorporation enhanced the elasticity of scaffolds when they were stressed under high frequency. 28038750 1 61 theme orientated 198:207 arg1 structure 221:229 orientated microtubule structure 198:229 orientated microtubule structure 198:229 Scaffold of gelatin-chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronan-polyvinyl alcohol (GCH-PVA) with orientated microtubule structure and good hydrophilicity was fabricated by unidirectional freeze-drying method mimicking the composition and structure of tracheal cartilage extracellular matrix. 25377920 7 0 theme wall 1151:1154 arg1 composition 1156:1166 the thickened cell wall composition 1132:1166 the thickened cell wall composition 1132:1166 This pattern of callose and WGA deposition show changes in the thickened cell wall composition and may shed light on the function of phi thickenings in plant roots, a role for which has yet to be established. 25377920 5 1 theme developing 850:859 arg1 thickenings 861:871 These developing thickenings 844:871 These developing thickenings 844:871 These developing thickenings also label with the fluorescently tagged lectin wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). 25377920 1 2 theme cells 205:209 arg1 wall 183:186 the primary wall 171:186 the primary wall of root cortical cells in a wide range of species 171:236 Phi thickenings, bands of secondary wall thickenings that reinforce the primary wall of root cortical cells in a wide range of species, are described for the first time in the epiphytic orchid Miltoniopsis. 25377920 2 3 theme aligned 408:414 arg1 cellulose 416:424 highly aligned cellulose 401:424 highly aligned cellulose running along the lengths of the thickenings 401:469 As with phi thickenings found in other plants, the phi thickenings in Miltoniopsis contain highly aligned cellulose running along the lengths of the thickenings, and are lignified but not suberized. 25377920 2 4 from thickenings 365:375 arg1 Miltoniopsis 380:391 Miltoniopsis 380:391 Miltoniopsis 380:391 As with phi thickenings found in other plants, the phi thickenings in Miltoniopsis contain highly aligned cellulose running along the lengths of the thickenings, and are lignified but not suberized. 25377920 4 5 theme similar 815:821 arg1 pattern 807:813 a pattern 805:813 a pattern similar to the microtubules 805:841 Microtubules align lengthwise along the thickening during early and intermediate stages of development, and callose is deposited within the thickening in a pattern similar to the microtubules. 25377920 4 6 theme development 742:752 arg1 stages 732:737 early and intermediate stages 709:737 early and intermediate stages of development 709:752 Microtubules align lengthwise along the thickening during early and intermediate stages of development, and callose is deposited within the thickening in a pattern similar to the microtubules. 25377920 7 7 theme thickened 1136:1144 arg1 wall 1151:1154 the thickened cell wall 1132:1154 the thickened cell wall composition 1132:1166 This pattern of callose and WGA deposition show changes in the thickened cell wall composition and may shed light on the function of phi thickenings in plant roots, a role for which has yet to be established. 25377920 3 8 theme different 633:641 arg1 stages 643:648 three different stages 627:648 three different stages 627:648 Using a combination of histological and immunocytochemical techniques, thickening development can be categorized into three different stages. 25377920 4 9 theme intermediate 719:730 arg1 stages 732:737 early and intermediate stages 709:737 early and intermediate stages of development 709:752 Microtubules align lengthwise along the thickening during early and intermediate stages of development, and callose is deposited within the thickening in a pattern similar to the microtubules. 25377920 7 10 theme cell 1146:1149 arg1 wall 1151:1154 the thickened cell wall 1132:1154 the thickened cell wall composition 1132:1166 This pattern of callose and WGA deposition show changes in the thickened cell wall composition and may shed light on the function of phi thickenings in plant roots, a role for which has yet to be established. 25377920 1 11 theme epiphytic 279:287 arg1 Miltoniopsis 296:307 the epiphytic orchid Miltoniopsis 275:307 the epiphytic orchid Miltoniopsis 275:307 Phi thickenings, bands of secondary wall thickenings that reinforce the primary wall of root cortical cells in a wide range of species, are described for the first time in the epiphytic orchid Miltoniopsis. 25377920 1 12 theme wide 216:219 arg1 range 221:225 a wide range 214:225 a wide range of species 214:236 Phi thickenings, bands of secondary wall thickenings that reinforce the primary wall of root cortical cells in a wide range of species, are described for the first time in the epiphytic orchid Miltoniopsis. 25377920 1 13 theme orchid 289:294 arg1 Miltoniopsis 296:307 the epiphytic orchid Miltoniopsis 275:307 the epiphytic orchid Miltoniopsis 275:307 Phi thickenings, bands of secondary wall thickenings that reinforce the primary wall of root cortical cells in a wide range of species, are described for the first time in the epiphytic orchid Miltoniopsis. 25377920 0 14 theme orchids 68:74 arg1 roots 55:59 roots 55:59 roots of the orchids of the genus Miltoniopsis 55:100 The life of phi: the development of phi thickenings in roots of the orchids of the genus Miltoniopsis. 25377920 7 15 from function 1194:1201 arg1 roots 1231:1235 plant roots 1225:1235 plant roots 1225:1235 This pattern of callose and WGA deposition show changes in the thickened cell wall composition and may shed light on the function of phi thickenings in plant roots, a role for which has yet to be established. 25377920 1 16 theme secondary 129:137 arg1 thickenings 144:154 secondary wall thickenings 129:154 secondary wall thickenings 129:154 Phi thickenings, bands of secondary wall thickenings that reinforce the primary wall of root cortical cells in a wide range of species, are described for the first time in the epiphytic orchid Miltoniopsis. 25377920 7 17 from changes 1121:1127 arg1 composition 1156:1166 the thickened cell wall composition 1132:1166 the thickened cell wall composition 1132:1166 This pattern of callose and WGA deposition show changes in the thickened cell wall composition and may shed light on the function of phi thickenings in plant roots, a role for which has yet to be established. 25377920 1 18 from range 221:225 arg1 wall 183:186 the primary wall 171:186 the primary wall of root cortical cells in a wide range of species 171:236 Phi thickenings, bands of secondary wall thickenings that reinforce the primary wall of root cortical cells in a wide range of species, are described for the first time in the epiphytic orchid Miltoniopsis. 25377920 0 19 from development 21:31 arg1 roots 55:59 roots 55:59 roots of the orchids of the genus Miltoniopsis 55:100 The life of phi: the development of phi thickenings in roots of the orchids of the genus Miltoniopsis. 25377920 1 20 theme wall 139:142 arg1 thickenings 144:154 secondary wall thickenings 129:154 secondary wall thickenings 129:154 Phi thickenings, bands of secondary wall thickenings that reinforce the primary wall of root cortical cells in a wide range of species, are described for the first time in the epiphytic orchid Miltoniopsis. 25377920 2 21 theme phi 361:363 arg1 thickenings 365:375 the phi thickenings 357:375 the phi thickenings in Miltoniopsis 357:391 As with phi thickenings found in other plants, the phi thickenings in Miltoniopsis contain highly aligned cellulose running along the lengths of the thickenings, and are lignified but not suberized. 25377920 2 21 theme phi 361:363 arg1 lignified 480:488 lignified 480:488 lignified 480:488 As with phi thickenings found in other plants, the phi thickenings in Miltoniopsis contain highly aligned cellulose running along the lengths of the thickenings, and are lignified but not suberized. 25377920 7 22 dep callose 1089:1095 arg1 deposition 1105:1114 deposition 1105:1114 deposition 1105:1114 This pattern of callose and WGA deposition show changes in the thickened cell wall composition and may shed light on the function of phi thickenings in plant roots, a role for which has yet to be established. 25377920 2 23 contain contain 393:399 arg1 thickenings 365:375 the phi thickenings 357:375 the phi thickenings in Miltoniopsis 357:391 As with phi thickenings found in other plants, the phi thickenings in Miltoniopsis contain highly aligned cellulose running along the lengths of the thickenings, and are lignified but not suberized. 25377920 2 23 contain contain 393:399 arg1 lignified 480:488 lignified 480:488 lignified 480:488 As with phi thickenings found in other plants, the phi thickenings in Miltoniopsis contain highly aligned cellulose running along the lengths of the thickenings, and are lignified but not suberized. 25377920 2 23 contain contain 393:399 arg2 cellulose 416:424 highly aligned cellulose 401:424 highly aligned cellulose running along the lengths of the thickenings 401:469 As with phi thickenings found in other plants, the phi thickenings in Miltoniopsis contain highly aligned cellulose running along the lengths of the thickenings, and are lignified but not suberized. 25377920 5 24 theme tagged 907:912 arg1 agglutinin 932:941 the fluorescently tagged lectin wheat germ agglutinin 889:941 the fluorescently tagged lectin wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) 889:947 These developing thickenings also label with the fluorescently tagged lectin wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). 25377920 5 24 theme tagged 907:912 arg1 WGA 944:946 WGA 944:946 WGA 944:946 These developing thickenings also label with the fluorescently tagged lectin wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). 25377920 1 25 theme thickenings 144:154 arg1 thickenings 107:117 Phi thickenings 103:117 Phi thickenings 103:117 Phi thickenings, bands of secondary wall thickenings that reinforce the primary wall of root cortical cells in a wide range of species, are described for the first time in the epiphytic orchid Miltoniopsis. 25377920 1 25 theme thickenings 144:154 arg1 bands 120:124 bands 120:124 bands of secondary wall thickenings that reinforce the primary wall of root cortical cells in a wide range of species 120:236 Phi thickenings, bands of secondary wall thickenings that reinforce the primary wall of root cortical cells in a wide range of species, are described for the first time in the epiphytic orchid Miltoniopsis. 25377920 0 26 theme phi 12:14 arg1 life 4:7 The life 0:7 The life of phi: the development of phi thickenings in roots of the orchids of the genus Miltoniopsis. 0:101 The life of phi: the development of phi thickenings in roots of the orchids of the genus Miltoniopsis. 25377920 6 27 with associations 956:967 arg1 microtubules 974:985 microtubules 974:985 microtubules 974:985 These associations with microtubules and callose, and the WGA labeling, all disappear when the phi thickenings are mature. 25377920 6 27 with associations 956:967 arg1 callose 991:997 callose 991:997 callose 991:997 These associations with microtubules and callose, and the WGA labeling, all disappear when the phi thickenings are mature. 25377920 0 28 theme genus 83:87 arg1 Miltoniopsis 89:100 the genus Miltoniopsis 79:100 the genus Miltoniopsis 79:100 The life of phi: the development of phi thickenings in roots of the orchids of the genus Miltoniopsis. 25377920 4 29 theme early 709:713 arg1 stages 732:737 early and intermediate stages 709:737 early and intermediate stages of development 709:752 Microtubules align lengthwise along the thickening during early and intermediate stages of development, and callose is deposited within the thickening in a pattern similar to the microtubules. 25377920 5 30 theme germ 927:930 arg1 agglutinin 932:941 the fluorescently tagged lectin wheat germ agglutinin 889:941 the fluorescently tagged lectin wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) 889:947 These developing thickenings also label with the fluorescently tagged lectin wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). 25377920 5 30 theme germ 927:930 arg1 WGA 944:946 WGA 944:946 WGA 944:946 These developing thickenings also label with the fluorescently tagged lectin wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). 25377920 1 31 theme species 230:236 arg1 range 221:225 a wide range 214:225 a wide range of species 214:236 Phi thickenings, bands of secondary wall thickenings that reinforce the primary wall of root cortical cells in a wide range of species, are described for the first time in the epiphytic orchid Miltoniopsis. 25377920 3 32 theme thickening 580:589 arg1 development 591:601 thickening development 580:601 thickening development 580:601 Using a combination of histological and immunocytochemical techniques, thickening development can be categorized into three different stages. 25377920 5 33 theme wheat 921:925 arg1 agglutinin 932:941 the fluorescently tagged lectin wheat germ agglutinin 889:941 the fluorescently tagged lectin wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) 889:947 These developing thickenings also label with the fluorescently tagged lectin wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). 25377920 5 33 theme wheat 921:925 arg1 WGA 944:946 WGA 944:946 WGA 944:946 These developing thickenings also label with the fluorescently tagged lectin wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). 25377920 2 34 theme other 343:347 arg1 plants 349:354 other plants 343:354 other plants 343:354 As with phi thickenings found in other plants, the phi thickenings in Miltoniopsis contain highly aligned cellulose running along the lengths of the thickenings, and are lignified but not suberized. 25377920 7 35 theme callose 1089:1095 arg1 pattern 1078:1084 This pattern 1073:1084 This pattern of callose and WGA deposition 1073:1114 This pattern of callose and WGA deposition show changes in the thickened cell wall composition and may shed light on the function of phi thickenings in plant roots, a role for which has yet to be established. 25377920 7 36 theme thickenings 1210:1220 arg1 function 1194:1201 the function 1190:1201 the function of phi thickenings in plant roots, a role for which has yet to be established 1190:1279 This pattern of callose and WGA deposition show changes in the thickened cell wall composition and may shed light on the function of phi thickenings in plant roots, a role for which has yet to be established. 25377920 1 37 from cells 205:209 arg1 range 221:225 a wide range 214:225 a wide range of species 214:236 Phi thickenings, bands of secondary wall thickenings that reinforce the primary wall of root cortical cells in a wide range of species, are described for the first time in the epiphytic orchid Miltoniopsis. 25377920 6 38 with labeling 1012:1019 arg1 microtubules 974:985 microtubules 974:985 microtubules 974:985 These associations with microtubules and callose, and the WGA labeling, all disappear when the phi thickenings are mature. 25377920 6 38 with labeling 1012:1019 arg1 callose 991:997 callose 991:997 callose 991:997 These associations with microtubules and callose, and the WGA labeling, all disappear when the phi thickenings are mature. 25377920 0 39 theme Miltoniopsis 89:100 arg1 orchids 68:74 the orchids 64:74 the orchids of the genus Miltoniopsis 64:100 The life of phi: the development of phi thickenings in roots of the orchids of the genus Miltoniopsis. 25377920 2 40 located found 334:338 arg2 thickenings 322:332 phi thickenings 318:332 phi thickenings found in other plants 318:354 As with phi thickenings found in other plants, the phi thickenings in Miltoniopsis contain highly aligned cellulose running along the lengths of the thickenings, and are lignified but not suberized. 25377920 2 40 located found 334:338 arg1 plants 349:354 other plants 343:354 other plants 343:354 As with phi thickenings found in other plants, the phi thickenings in Miltoniopsis contain highly aligned cellulose running along the lengths of the thickenings, and are lignified but not suberized. 25377920 7 41 theme WGA 1101:1103 arg1 pattern 1078:1084 This pattern 1073:1084 This pattern of callose and WGA deposition 1073:1114 This pattern of callose and WGA deposition show changes in the thickened cell wall composition and may shed light on the function of phi thickenings in plant roots, a role for which has yet to be established. 25377920 2 42 theme thickenings 459:469 arg1 lengths 444:450 the lengths 440:450 the lengths of the thickenings 440:469 As with phi thickenings found in other plants, the phi thickenings in Miltoniopsis contain highly aligned cellulose running along the lengths of the thickenings, and are lignified but not suberized. 25377920 1 43 theme primary 175:181 arg1 wall 183:186 the primary wall 171:186 the primary wall of root cortical cells in a wide range of species 171:236 Phi thickenings, bands of secondary wall thickenings that reinforce the primary wall of root cortical cells in a wide range of species, are described for the first time in the epiphytic orchid Miltoniopsis. 25377920 7 44 theme phi 1206:1208 arg1 thickenings 1210:1220 phi thickenings 1206:1220 phi thickenings 1206:1220 This pattern of callose and WGA deposition show changes in the thickened cell wall composition and may shed light on the function of phi thickenings in plant roots, a role for which has yet to be established. 25377920 1 45 from time 267:270 arg1 Miltoniopsis 296:307 the epiphytic orchid Miltoniopsis 275:307 the epiphytic orchid Miltoniopsis 275:307 Phi thickenings, bands of secondary wall thickenings that reinforce the primary wall of root cortical cells in a wide range of species, are described for the first time in the epiphytic orchid Miltoniopsis. 25377920 3 46 theme techniques 568:577 arg1 combination 517:527 a combination 515:527 a combination of histological and immunocytochemical techniques 515:577 Using a combination of histological and immunocytochemical techniques, thickening development can be categorized into three different stages. 25377920 1 47 from wall 183:186 arg1 range 221:225 a wide range 214:225 a wide range of species 214:236 Phi thickenings, bands of secondary wall thickenings that reinforce the primary wall of root cortical cells in a wide range of species, are described for the first time in the epiphytic orchid Miltoniopsis. 25377920 5 48 theme lectin 914:919 arg1 agglutinin 932:941 the fluorescently tagged lectin wheat germ agglutinin 889:941 the fluorescently tagged lectin wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) 889:947 These developing thickenings also label with the fluorescently tagged lectin wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). 25377920 5 48 theme lectin 914:919 arg1 WGA 944:946 WGA 944:946 WGA 944:946 These developing thickenings also label with the fluorescently tagged lectin wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). 25377920 3 49 theme immunocytochemical 549:566 arg1 techniques 568:577 histological and immunocytochemical techniques 532:577 histological and immunocytochemical techniques 532:577 Using a combination of histological and immunocytochemical techniques, thickening development can be categorized into three different stages. 25377920 0 50 theme thickenings 40:50 arg1 development 21:31 the development 17:31 The life of phi: the development of phi thickenings in roots of the orchids of the genus Miltoniopsis. 0:101 The life of phi: the development of phi thickenings in roots of the orchids of the genus Miltoniopsis. 25377920 7 51 theme plant 1225:1229 arg1 roots 1231:1235 plant roots 1225:1235 plant roots 1225:1235 This pattern of callose and WGA deposition show changes in the thickened cell wall composition and may shed light on the function of phi thickenings in plant roots, a role for which has yet to be established. 25377920 0 52 dep life 4:7 arg1 development 21:31 the development 17:31 The life of phi: the development of phi thickenings in roots of the orchids of the genus Miltoniopsis. 0:101 The life of phi: the development of phi thickenings in roots of the orchids of the genus Miltoniopsis. 25377920 6 53 theme WGA 1008:1010 arg1 labeling 1012:1019 the WGA labeling 1004:1019 the WGA labeling 1004:1019 These associations with microtubules and callose, and the WGA labeling, all disappear when the phi thickenings are mature. 25377920 1 54 theme Phi 103:105 arg1 thickenings 107:117 Phi thickenings 103:117 Phi thickenings 103:117 Phi thickenings, bands of secondary wall thickenings that reinforce the primary wall of root cortical cells in a wide range of species, are described for the first time in the epiphytic orchid Miltoniopsis. 25377920 1 54 theme Phi 103:105 arg1 bands 120:124 bands 120:124 bands of secondary wall thickenings that reinforce the primary wall of root cortical cells in a wide range of species 120:236 Phi thickenings, bands of secondary wall thickenings that reinforce the primary wall of root cortical cells in a wide range of species, are described for the first time in the epiphytic orchid Miltoniopsis. 25377920 2 55 theme phi 318:320 arg1 thickenings 322:332 phi thickenings 318:332 phi thickenings found in other plants 318:354 As with phi thickenings found in other plants, the phi thickenings in Miltoniopsis contain highly aligned cellulose running along the lengths of the thickenings, and are lignified but not suberized. 25377920 1 56 theme root 191:194 arg1 cells 205:209 root cortical cells 191:209 root cortical cells in a wide range of species 191:236 Phi thickenings, bands of secondary wall thickenings that reinforce the primary wall of root cortical cells in a wide range of species, are described for the first time in the epiphytic orchid Miltoniopsis. 25377920 0 57 theme phi 36:38 arg1 thickenings 40:50 phi thickenings 36:50 phi thickenings 36:50 The life of phi: the development of phi thickenings in roots of the orchids of the genus Miltoniopsis. 25377920 1 58 theme first 261:265 arg1 time 267:270 the first time 257:270 the first time in the epiphytic orchid Miltoniopsis 257:307 Phi thickenings, bands of secondary wall thickenings that reinforce the primary wall of root cortical cells in a wide range of species, are described for the first time in the epiphytic orchid Miltoniopsis. 25377920 3 59 theme histological 532:543 arg1 techniques 568:577 histological and immunocytochemical techniques 532:577 histological and immunocytochemical techniques 532:577 Using a combination of histological and immunocytochemical techniques, thickening development can be categorized into three different stages. 25377920 6 60 theme phi 1045:1047 arg1 mature 1065:1070 mature 1065:1070 mature 1065:1070 These associations with microtubules and callose, and the WGA labeling, all disappear when the phi thickenings are mature. 25377920 6 60 theme phi 1045:1047 arg1 thickenings 1049:1059 the phi thickenings 1041:1059 the phi thickenings 1041:1059 These associations with microtubules and callose, and the WGA labeling, all disappear when the phi thickenings are mature. 25377920 1 61 theme cortical 196:203 arg1 cells 205:209 root cortical cells 191:209 root cortical cells in a wide range of species 191:236 Phi thickenings, bands of secondary wall thickenings that reinforce the primary wall of root cortical cells in a wide range of species, are described for the first time in the epiphytic orchid Miltoniopsis. 28888443 2 0 theme physical 394:401 arg1 properties 416:425 physical and chemical properties 394:425 physical and chemical properties 394:425 The aim of this study was to analyse this potential by physical and chemical properties assessment of different particle sizes of carob flour with and without seeds. 28888443 7 1 theme carob 1143:1147 arg1 flours 1149:1154 carob flours 1143:1154 carob flours 1143:1154 Spearman rank order correlations revealed a significant difference (P<0.05) between physical and chemical properties of carob flours. 28888443 7 2 theme order 1037:1041 arg1 correlations 1043:1054 Spearman rank order correlations 1023:1054 Spearman rank order correlations 1023:1054 Spearman rank order correlations revealed a significant difference (P<0.05) between physical and chemical properties of carob flours. 28888443 7 3 theme chemical 1120:1127 arg1 properties 1129:1138 physical and chemical properties 1107:1138 physical and chemical properties of carob flours 1107:1154 Spearman rank order correlations revealed a significant difference (P<0.05) between physical and chemical properties of carob flours. 28888443 7 4 theme Spearman 1023:1030 arg1 correlations 1043:1054 Spearman rank order correlations 1023:1054 Spearman rank order correlations 1023:1054 Spearman rank order correlations revealed a significant difference (P<0.05) between physical and chemical properties of carob flours. 28888443 4 5 theme Seed 604:607 arg1 presence 609:616 Seed presence 604:616 Seed presence in carob flour 604:631 Seed presence in carob flour led to higher cohesivity and cake strength. 28888443 3 6 theme chemical 552:559 arg1 properties 561:570 physical and chemical properties 539:570 physical and chemical properties of flour 539:579 The influence of seed presence on physical and chemical properties of flour was also investigated. 28888443 2 7 theme different 441:449 arg1 sizes 460:464 different particle sizes 441:464 different particle sizes of carob flour 441:479 The aim of this study was to analyse this potential by physical and chemical properties assessment of different particle sizes of carob flour with and without seeds. 28888443 7 8 theme physical 1107:1114 arg1 properties 1129:1138 physical and chemical properties 1107:1138 physical and chemical properties of carob flours 1107:1154 Spearman rank order correlations revealed a significant difference (P<0.05) between physical and chemical properties of carob flours. 28888443 4 9 theme cake 662:665 arg1 strength 667:674 higher cohesivity and cake strength 640:674 higher cohesivity and cake strength 640:674 Seed presence in carob flour led to higher cohesivity and cake strength. 28888443 7 10 theme flours 1149:1154 arg1 properties 1129:1138 physical and chemical properties 1107:1138 physical and chemical properties of carob flours 1107:1154 Spearman rank order correlations revealed a significant difference (P<0.05) between physical and chemical properties of carob flours. 28888443 0 11 theme Flow 0:3 arg1 properties 5:14 Flow properties 0:14 Flow properties 0:14 Flow properties and chemical composition of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) flours as related to particle size and seed presence. 28888443 1 12 theme outspread 221:229 arg1 prices 239:244 its outspread and low prices 217:244 its outspread and low prices 217:244 Due to abundance in carbohydrates, dietary fibres and bioactive compounds, as well as for its outspread and low prices, carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) flour has a great potential of use as a functional ingredient. 28888443 1 13 theme great 288:292 arg1 potential 294:302 a great potential 286:302 a great potential of use 286:309 Due to abundance in carbohydrates, dietary fibres and bioactive compounds, as well as for its outspread and low prices, carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) flour has a great potential of use as a functional ingredient. 28888443 1 13 theme great 288:292 arg1 ingredient 327:336 a functional ingredient 314:336 a functional ingredient 314:336 Due to abundance in carbohydrates, dietary fibres and bioactive compounds, as well as for its outspread and low prices, carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) flour has a great potential of use as a functional ingredient. 28888443 8 14 theme carob 1248:1252 arg1 flours 1254:1259 carob flours 1248:1259 carob flours in order to use them efficiently as a functional food ingredient 1248:1324 These findings confirm the importance of understanding physical and chemical properties of carob flours in order to use them efficiently as a functional food ingredient. 28888443 5 15 theme extraction 698:707 arg1 efficiency 709:718 the extraction efficiency 694:718 the extraction efficiency of polyphenols, which was confirmed by the ranking of samples according to their procyanidin and tannins contents 694:832 It also affected the extraction efficiency of polyphenols, which was confirmed by the ranking of samples according to their procyanidin and tannins contents. 28888443 2 16 theme study 355:359 arg1 aim 343:345 The aim 339:345 The aim of this study 339:359 The aim of this study was to analyse this potential by physical and chemical properties assessment of different particle sizes of carob flour with and without seeds. 28888443 4 17 theme higher 640:645 arg1 strength 667:674 higher cohesivity and cake strength 640:674 higher cohesivity and cake strength 640:674 Seed presence in carob flour led to higher cohesivity and cake strength. 28888443 0 18 theme seed 112:115 arg1 presence 117:124 seed presence 112:124 seed presence 112:124 Flow properties and chemical composition of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) flours as related to particle size and seed presence. 28888443 6 19 theme significant 876:886 arg1 P<0.05 901:906 P<0.05 901:906 P<0.05 901:906 With regard to the carbohydrate content, significant differences (P<0.05) between the contents of fructose and glucose was established in samples differing by the presence of carob seeds. 28888443 6 19 theme significant 876:886 arg1 differences 888:898 significant differences 876:898 significant differences (P<0.05) between the contents of fructose and glucose 876:952 With regard to the carbohydrate content, significant differences (P<0.05) between the contents of fructose and glucose was established in samples differing by the presence of carob seeds. 28888443 5 20 dep procyanidin 801:811 arg1 contents 825:832 contents 825:832 contents 825:832 It also affected the extraction efficiency of polyphenols, which was confirmed by the ranking of samples according to their procyanidin and tannins contents. 28888443 5 21 theme samples 774:780 arg1 ranking 763:769 the ranking 759:769 the ranking of samples according to their procyanidin and tannins contents 759:832 It also affected the extraction efficiency of polyphenols, which was confirmed by the ranking of samples according to their procyanidin and tannins contents. 28888443 0 22 theme chemical 20:27 arg1 composition 29:39 chemical composition 20:39 chemical composition 20:39 Flow properties and chemical composition of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) flours as related to particle size and seed presence. 28888443 1 23 theme low 235:237 arg1 prices 239:244 its outspread and low prices 217:244 its outspread and low prices 217:244 Due to abundance in carbohydrates, dietary fibres and bioactive compounds, as well as for its outspread and low prices, carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) flour has a great potential of use as a functional ingredient. 28888443 2 24 theme carob 469:473 arg1 flour 475:479 carob flour 469:479 carob flour 469:479 The aim of this study was to analyse this potential by physical and chemical properties assessment of different particle sizes of carob flour with and without seeds. 28888443 1 25 theme dietary 162:168 arg1 fibres 170:175 dietary fibres 162:175 dietary fibres 162:175 Due to abundance in carbohydrates, dietary fibres and bioactive compounds, as well as for its outspread and low prices, carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) flour has a great potential of use as a functional ingredient. 28888443 7 26 theme significant 1067:1077 arg1 P<0.05 1091:1096 P<0.05 1091:1096 P<0.05 1091:1096 Spearman rank order correlations revealed a significant difference (P<0.05) between physical and chemical properties of carob flours. 28888443 7 26 theme significant 1067:1077 arg1 difference 1079:1088 a significant difference 1065:1088 a significant difference (P<0.05) between physical and chemical properties of carob flours 1065:1154 Spearman rank order correlations revealed a significant difference (P<0.05) between physical and chemical properties of carob flours. 28888443 0 27 theme particle 94:101 arg1 size 103:106 particle size 94:106 particle size 94:106 Flow properties and chemical composition of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) flours as related to particle size and seed presence. 28888443 1 28 theme use 307:309 arg1 potential 294:302 a great potential 286:302 a great potential of use 286:309 Due to abundance in carbohydrates, dietary fibres and bioactive compounds, as well as for its outspread and low prices, carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) flour has a great potential of use as a functional ingredient. 28888443 1 28 theme use 307:309 arg1 ingredient 327:336 a functional ingredient 314:336 a functional ingredient 314:336 Due to abundance in carbohydrates, dietary fibres and bioactive compounds, as well as for its outspread and low prices, carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) flour has a great potential of use as a functional ingredient. 28888443 4 29 theme cohesivity 647:656 arg1 strength 667:674 higher cohesivity and cake strength 640:674 higher cohesivity and cake strength 640:674 Seed presence in carob flour led to higher cohesivity and cake strength. 28888443 6 30 theme glucose 946:952 arg1 contents 921:928 the contents 917:928 the contents of fructose and glucose 917:952 With regard to the carbohydrate content, significant differences (P<0.05) between the contents of fructose and glucose was established in samples differing by the presence of carob seeds. 28888443 2 31 theme potential 381:389 arg1 assessment 427:436 this potential by physical and chemical properties assessment 376:436 this potential by physical and chemical properties assessment of different particle sizes of carob flour with and without seeds 376:502 The aim of this study was to analyse this potential by physical and chemical properties assessment of different particle sizes of carob flour with and without seeds. 28888443 6 32 theme carbohydrate 854:865 arg1 content 867:873 the carbohydrate content 850:873 the carbohydrate content 850:873 With regard to the carbohydrate content, significant differences (P<0.05) between the contents of fructose and glucose was established in samples differing by the presence of carob seeds. 28888443 2 33 theme sizes 460:464 arg1 assessment 427:436 this potential by physical and chemical properties assessment 376:436 this potential by physical and chemical properties assessment of different particle sizes of carob flour with and without seeds 376:502 The aim of this study was to analyse this potential by physical and chemical properties assessment of different particle sizes of carob flour with and without seeds. 28888443 8 34 theme functional 1299:1308 arg1 them 1277:1280 them 1277:1280 them 1277:1280 These findings confirm the importance of understanding physical and chemical properties of carob flours in order to use them efficiently as a functional food ingredient. 28888443 8 34 theme functional 1299:1308 arg1 ingredient 1315:1324 a functional food ingredient 1297:1324 a functional food ingredient 1297:1324 These findings confirm the importance of understanding physical and chemical properties of carob flours in order to use them efficiently as a functional food ingredient. 28888443 3 35 from influence 509:517 arg1 properties 561:570 physical and chemical properties 539:570 physical and chemical properties of flour 539:579 The influence of seed presence on physical and chemical properties of flour was also investigated. 28888443 1 36 theme carob 247:251 arg1 flour 276:280 carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) flour 247:280 carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) flour 247:280 Due to abundance in carbohydrates, dietary fibres and bioactive compounds, as well as for its outspread and low prices, carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) flour has a great potential of use as a functional ingredient. 28888443 2 37 theme particle 451:458 arg1 sizes 460:464 different particle sizes 441:464 different particle sizes of carob flour 441:479 The aim of this study was to analyse this potential by physical and chemical properties assessment of different particle sizes of carob flour with and without seeds. 28888443 3 38 theme physical 539:546 arg1 properties 561:570 physical and chemical properties 539:570 physical and chemical properties of flour 539:579 The influence of seed presence on physical and chemical properties of flour was also investigated. 28888443 5 39 theme polyphenols 723:733 arg1 efficiency 709:718 the extraction efficiency 694:718 the extraction efficiency of polyphenols, which was confirmed by the ranking of samples according to their procyanidin and tannins contents 694:832 It also affected the extraction efficiency of polyphenols, which was confirmed by the ranking of samples according to their procyanidin and tannins contents. 28888443 1 40 theme bioactive 181:189 arg1 compounds 191:199 bioactive compounds 181:199 bioactive compounds 181:199 Due to abundance in carbohydrates, dietary fibres and bioactive compounds, as well as for its outspread and low prices, carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) flour has a great potential of use as a functional ingredient. 28888443 7 41 theme rank 1032:1035 arg1 correlations 1043:1054 Spearman rank order correlations 1023:1054 Spearman rank order correlations 1023:1054 Spearman rank order correlations revealed a significant difference (P<0.05) between physical and chemical properties of carob flours. 28888443 6 42 theme fructose 933:940 arg1 contents 921:928 the contents 917:928 the contents of fructose and glucose 917:952 With regard to the carbohydrate content, significant differences (P<0.05) between the contents of fructose and glucose was established in samples differing by the presence of carob seeds. 28888443 1 43 theme functional 316:325 arg1 potential 294:302 a great potential 286:302 a great potential of use 286:309 Due to abundance in carbohydrates, dietary fibres and bioactive compounds, as well as for its outspread and low prices, carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) flour has a great potential of use as a functional ingredient. 28888443 1 43 theme functional 316:325 arg1 ingredient 327:336 a functional ingredient 314:336 a functional ingredient 314:336 Due to abundance in carbohydrates, dietary fibres and bioactive compounds, as well as for its outspread and low prices, carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) flour has a great potential of use as a functional ingredient. 28888443 1 44 contain has 282:284 arg1 flour 276:280 carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) flour 247:280 carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) flour 247:280 Due to abundance in carbohydrates, dietary fibres and bioactive compounds, as well as for its outspread and low prices, carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) flour has a great potential of use as a functional ingredient. 28888443 1 44 contain has 282:284 arg2 potential 294:302 a great potential 286:302 a great potential of use 286:309 Due to abundance in carbohydrates, dietary fibres and bioactive compounds, as well as for its outspread and low prices, carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) flour has a great potential of use as a functional ingredient. 28888443 1 44 contain has 282:284 arg2 ingredient 327:336 a functional ingredient 314:336 a functional ingredient 314:336 Due to abundance in carbohydrates, dietary fibres and bioactive compounds, as well as for its outspread and low prices, carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) flour has a great potential of use as a functional ingredient. 28888443 0 45 theme carob 44:48 arg1 properties 5:14 Flow properties 0:14 Flow properties 0:14 Flow properties and chemical composition of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) flours as related to particle size and seed presence. 28888443 0 45 theme carob 44:48 arg1 composition 29:39 chemical composition 20:39 chemical composition 20:39 Flow properties and chemical composition of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) flours as related to particle size and seed presence. 28888443 8 46 theme food 1310:1313 arg1 them 1277:1280 them 1277:1280 them 1277:1280 These findings confirm the importance of understanding physical and chemical properties of carob flours in order to use them efficiently as a functional food ingredient. 28888443 8 46 theme food 1310:1313 arg1 ingredient 1315:1324 a functional food ingredient 1297:1324 a functional food ingredient 1297:1324 These findings confirm the importance of understanding physical and chemical properties of carob flours in order to use them efficiently as a functional food ingredient. 28888443 4 47 theme carob 621:625 arg1 flour 627:631 carob flour 621:631 carob flour 621:631 Seed presence in carob flour led to higher cohesivity and cake strength. 28888443 3 48 theme presence 527:534 arg1 influence 509:517 The influence 505:517 The influence of seed presence on physical and chemical properties of flour 505:579 The influence of seed presence on physical and chemical properties of flour was also investigated. 28888443 6 49 theme seeds 1016:1020 arg1 presence 998:1005 the presence 994:1005 the presence of carob seeds 994:1020 With regard to the carbohydrate content, significant differences (P<0.05) between the contents of fructose and glucose was established in samples differing by the presence of carob seeds. 28888443 2 50 theme flour 475:479 arg1 sizes 460:464 different particle sizes 441:464 different particle sizes of carob flour 441:479 The aim of this study was to analyse this potential by physical and chemical properties assessment of different particle sizes of carob flour with and without seeds. 28888443 6 51 theme carob 1010:1014 arg1 seeds 1016:1020 carob seeds 1010:1020 carob seeds 1010:1020 With regard to the carbohydrate content, significant differences (P<0.05) between the contents of fructose and glucose was established in samples differing by the presence of carob seeds. 28888443 8 52 theme flours 1254:1259 arg1 properties 1234:1243 physical and chemical properties 1212:1243 physical and chemical properties of carob flours in order to use them efficiently as a functional food ingredient 1212:1324 These findings confirm the importance of understanding physical and chemical properties of carob flours in order to use them efficiently as a functional food ingredient. 28888443 2 53 theme chemical 407:414 arg1 properties 416:425 physical and chemical properties 394:425 physical and chemical properties 394:425 The aim of this study was to analyse this potential by physical and chemical properties assessment of different particle sizes of carob flour with and without seeds. 28888443 3 54 theme flour 575:579 arg1 properties 561:570 physical and chemical properties 539:570 physical and chemical properties of flour 539:579 The influence of seed presence on physical and chemical properties of flour was also investigated. 28888443 8 55 theme physical 1212:1219 arg1 properties 1234:1243 physical and chemical properties 1212:1243 physical and chemical properties of carob flours in order to use them efficiently as a functional food ingredient 1212:1324 These findings confirm the importance of understanding physical and chemical properties of carob flours in order to use them efficiently as a functional food ingredient. 28888443 3 56 theme seed 522:525 arg1 presence 527:534 seed presence 522:534 seed presence 522:534 The influence of seed presence on physical and chemical properties of flour was also investigated. 28888443 1 57 from abundance 134:142 arg1 carbohydrates 147:159 carbohydrates 147:159 carbohydrates 147:159 Due to abundance in carbohydrates, dietary fibres and bioactive compounds, as well as for its outspread and low prices, carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) flour has a great potential of use as a functional ingredient. 28888443 8 58 theme chemical 1225:1232 arg1 properties 1234:1243 physical and chemical properties 1212:1243 physical and chemical properties of carob flours in order to use them efficiently as a functional food ingredient 1212:1324 These findings confirm the importance of understanding physical and chemical properties of carob flours in order to use them efficiently as a functional food ingredient. 28888443 4 59 from presence 609:616 arg1 flour 627:631 carob flour 621:631 carob flour 621:631 Seed presence in carob flour led to higher cohesivity and cake strength. 27083846 0 0 theme functional 87:96 arg1 properties 98:107 functional properties 87:107 functional properties 87:107 Stepwise extraction of Lepidium sativum seed gum: Physicochemical characterization and functional properties. 27083846 3 1 theme major 446:450 arg1 similar 535:541 similar 535:541 similar 535:541 Generally, the major identical peaks of FT-IR spectra for three fractions and whole cress seed gum were similar. 27083846 3 1 theme major 446:450 arg1 peaks 462:466 the major identical peaks 442:466 the major identical peaks of FT-IR spectra for three fractions and whole cress seed gum 442:528 Generally, the major identical peaks of FT-IR spectra for three fractions and whole cress seed gum were similar. 27083846 5 2 theme samples 909:915 arg1 behavior 897:904 the steady shear flow behavior 875:904 the steady shear flow behavior of samples 875:915 Cress seed gum and its fractions exhibited non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior which the Herschel-Bulkley model was successfully described the steady shear flow behavior of samples, and apparent viscosity followed the order of F3>F2>F1. 27083846 1 3 theme stepwise 154:161 arg1 extraction 163:172 stepwise extraction 154:172 stepwise extraction with water 154:183 Cress seed gum (CSG) was fractionated using stepwise extraction with water, yielding three fractions (F1, F2, F3) whose average molecular weights ranged from 863 to 1080kDa. 27083846 7 4 contain had 1081:1083 arg2 % 1117:1117 >97% 1114:1117 >97% 1114:1117 All the samples had good emulsifying capability (>97%) and stability (>96%). 27083846 7 4 contain had 1081:1083 arg2 capability 1102:1111 good emulsifying capability 1085:1111 good emulsifying capability (>97%) 1085:1118 All the samples had good emulsifying capability (>97%) and stability (>96%). 27083846 7 4 contain had 1081:1083 arg2 % 1138:1138 >96% 1135:1138 >96% 1135:1138 All the samples had good emulsifying capability (>97%) and stability (>96%). 27083846 7 4 contain had 1081:1083 arg2 stability 1124:1132 stability 1124:1132 stability (>96%) 1124:1139 All the samples had good emulsifying capability (>97%) and stability (>96%). 27083846 7 4 contain had 1081:1083 arg1 samples 1073:1079 All the samples 1065:1079 All the samples 1065:1079 All the samples had good emulsifying capability (>97%) and stability (>96%). 27083846 2 5 dep composition 297:307 arg1 CHN 341:343 CHN 341:343 CHN 341:343 The chemical composition (monosaccharide, ash, moisture, CHN and uronic acid contents) and molecular weight of the fractions varied significantly. 27083846 2 5 dep composition 297:307 arg1 contents 361:368 uronic acid contents 349:368 uronic acid contents 349:368 The chemical composition (monosaccharide, ash, moisture, CHN and uronic acid contents) and molecular weight of the fractions varied significantly. 27083846 2 5 dep composition 297:307 arg1 moisture 331:338 moisture 331:338 moisture 331:338 The chemical composition (monosaccharide, ash, moisture, CHN and uronic acid contents) and molecular weight of the fractions varied significantly. 27083846 2 5 dep composition 297:307 arg1 ash 326:328 ash 326:328 ash 326:328 The chemical composition (monosaccharide, ash, moisture, CHN and uronic acid contents) and molecular weight of the fractions varied significantly. 27083846 2 5 dep composition 297:307 arg1 monosaccharide 310:323 monosaccharide 310:323 monosaccharide 310:323 The chemical composition (monosaccharide, ash, moisture, CHN and uronic acid contents) and molecular weight of the fractions varied significantly. 27083846 5 6 theme flow 892:895 arg1 behavior 897:904 the steady shear flow behavior 875:904 the steady shear flow behavior of samples 875:915 Cress seed gum and its fractions exhibited non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior which the Herschel-Bulkley model was successfully described the steady shear flow behavior of samples, and apparent viscosity followed the order of F3>F2>F1. 27083846 1 7 dep 1080kDa 275:281 arg1 to 272:273 to 272:273 to 272:273 Cress seed gum (CSG) was fractionated using stepwise extraction with water, yielding three fractions (F1, F2, F3) whose average molecular weights ranged from 863 to 1080kDa. 27083846 8 8 theme emulsion 1227:1234 arg1 stability 1236:1244 emulsion stability 1227:1244 emulsion stability 1227:1244 The emulsion capacity increased slightly along the series of F1, F2 and F3, whereas, emulsion stability decreased along the same series. 27083846 1 9 theme average 230:236 arg1 weights 248:254 weights 248:254 weights 248:254 Cress seed gum (CSG) was fractionated using stepwise extraction with water, yielding three fractions (F1, F2, F3) whose average molecular weights ranged from 863 to 1080kDa. 27083846 6 10 theme surface 995:1001 arg1 tension 1003:1009 the best surface tension 986:1009 the best surface tension 986:1009 F3 exhibited the best surface tension reducing ability compared to other fractions and CSG. 27083846 3 11 theme FT-IR 471:475 arg1 spectra 477:483 FT-IR spectra 471:483 FT-IR spectra 471:483 Generally, the major identical peaks of FT-IR spectra for three fractions and whole cress seed gum were similar. 27083846 5 12 theme steady 879:884 arg1 behavior 897:904 the steady shear flow behavior 875:904 the steady shear flow behavior of samples 875:915 Cress seed gum and its fractions exhibited non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior which the Herschel-Bulkley model was successfully described the steady shear flow behavior of samples, and apparent viscosity followed the order of F3>F2>F1. 27083846 5 13 theme thinning 797:804 arg1 behavior 806:813 non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior 777:813 non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior which the Herschel-Bulkley model was successfully described the steady shear flow behavior of samples 777:915 Cress seed gum and its fractions exhibited non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior which the Herschel-Bulkley model was successfully described the steady shear flow behavior of samples, and apparent viscosity followed the order of F3>F2>F1. 27083846 7 14 theme good 1085:1088 arg1 capability 1102:1111 good emulsifying capability 1085:1111 good emulsifying capability (>97%) 1085:1118 All the samples had good emulsifying capability (>97%) and stability (>96%). 27083846 7 14 theme good 1085:1088 arg1 % 1117:1117 >97% 1114:1117 >97% 1114:1117 All the samples had good emulsifying capability (>97%) and stability (>96%). 27083846 3 15 theme spectra 477:483 arg1 similar 535:541 similar 535:541 similar 535:541 Generally, the major identical peaks of FT-IR spectra for three fractions and whole cress seed gum were similar. 27083846 3 15 theme spectra 477:483 arg1 peaks 462:466 the major identical peaks 442:466 the major identical peaks of FT-IR spectra for three fractions and whole cress seed gum 442:528 Generally, the major identical peaks of FT-IR spectra for three fractions and whole cress seed gum were similar. 27083846 6 16 theme other 1040:1044 arg1 fractions 1046:1054 other fractions 1040:1054 other fractions 1040:1054 F3 exhibited the best surface tension reducing ability compared to other fractions and CSG. 27083846 8 17 theme emulsion 1146:1153 arg1 capacity 1155:1162 The emulsion capacity 1142:1162 The emulsion capacity 1142:1162 The emulsion capacity increased slightly along the series of F1, F2 and F3, whereas, emulsion stability decreased along the same series. 27083846 5 18 theme seed 740:743 arg1 gum 745:747 Cress seed gum 734:747 Cress seed gum 734:747 Cress seed gum and its fractions exhibited non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior which the Herschel-Bulkley model was successfully described the steady shear flow behavior of samples, and apparent viscosity followed the order of F3>F2>F1. 27083846 3 19 theme whole 509:513 arg1 gum 526:528 whole cress seed gum 509:528 whole cress seed gum 509:528 Generally, the major identical peaks of FT-IR spectra for three fractions and whole cress seed gum were similar. 27083846 0 20 theme Stepwise 0:7 arg1 extraction 9:18 Stepwise extraction 0:18 Stepwise extraction of Lepidium sativum 0:38 Stepwise extraction of Lepidium sativum seed gum: Physicochemical characterization and functional properties. 27083846 1 21 theme molecular 238:246 arg1 weights 248:254 weights 248:254 weights 248:254 Cress seed gum (CSG) was fractionated using stepwise extraction with water, yielding three fractions (F1, F2, F3) whose average molecular weights ranged from 863 to 1080kDa. 27083846 3 22 theme cress 515:519 arg1 gum 526:528 whole cress seed gum 509:528 whole cress seed gum 509:528 Generally, the major identical peaks of FT-IR spectra for three fractions and whole cress seed gum were similar. 27083846 0 23 theme Lepidium 23:30 arg1 sativum 32:38 Lepidium sativum 23:38 Lepidium sativum 23:38 Stepwise extraction of Lepidium sativum seed gum: Physicochemical characterization and functional properties. 27083846 8 24 theme F2 1207:1208 arg1 series 1193:1198 the series 1189:1198 the series of F1, F2 and F3 1189:1215 The emulsion capacity increased slightly along the series of F1, F2 and F3, whereas, emulsion stability decreased along the same series. 27083846 5 25 theme shear 886:890 arg1 behavior 897:904 the steady shear flow behavior 875:904 the steady shear flow behavior of samples 875:915 Cress seed gum and its fractions exhibited non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior which the Herschel-Bulkley model was successfully described the steady shear flow behavior of samples, and apparent viscosity followed the order of F3>F2>F1. 27083846 1 26 theme Cress 110:114 arg1 CSG 126:128 CSG 126:128 CSG 126:128 Cress seed gum (CSG) was fractionated using stepwise extraction with water, yielding three fractions (F1, F2, F3) whose average molecular weights ranged from 863 to 1080kDa. 27083846 1 26 theme Cress 110:114 arg1 gum 121:123 Cress seed gum 110:123 Cress seed gum (CSG) 110:129 Cress seed gum (CSG) was fractionated using stepwise extraction with water, yielding three fractions (F1, F2, F3) whose average molecular weights ranged from 863 to 1080kDa. 27083846 8 27 theme same 1266:1269 arg1 series 1271:1276 the same series 1262:1276 the same series 1262:1276 The emulsion capacity increased slightly along the series of F1, F2 and F3, whereas, emulsion stability decreased along the same series. 27083846 4 28 theme stability 710:718 arg1 F3>F2>F1 724:731 F3>F2>F1 724:731 F3>F2>F1 724:731 The results of DSC and TGA indicated that F3 had the highest thermal stability and considering the initial decomposition temperature, the decreasing order of thermal stability was F3>F2>F1. 27083846 4 28 theme stability 710:718 arg1 order 693:697 the decreasing order 678:697 the decreasing order of thermal stability 678:718 The results of DSC and TGA indicated that F3 had the highest thermal stability and considering the initial decomposition temperature, the decreasing order of thermal stability was F3>F2>F1. 27083846 1 29 theme seed 116:119 arg1 CSG 126:128 CSG 126:128 CSG 126:128 Cress seed gum (CSG) was fractionated using stepwise extraction with water, yielding three fractions (F1, F2, F3) whose average molecular weights ranged from 863 to 1080kDa. 27083846 1 29 theme seed 116:119 arg1 gum 121:123 Cress seed gum 110:123 Cress seed gum (CSG) 110:129 Cress seed gum (CSG) was fractionated using stepwise extraction with water, yielding three fractions (F1, F2, F3) whose average molecular weights ranged from 863 to 1080kDa. 27083846 4 30 theme DSC 559:561 arg1 results 548:554 The results 544:554 The results of DSC and TGA 544:569 The results of DSC and TGA indicated that F3 had the highest thermal stability and considering the initial decomposition temperature, the decreasing order of thermal stability was F3>F2>F1. 27083846 7 31 theme emulsifying 1090:1100 arg1 capability 1102:1111 good emulsifying capability 1085:1111 good emulsifying capability (>97%) 1085:1118 All the samples had good emulsifying capability (>97%) and stability (>96%). 27083846 7 31 theme emulsifying 1090:1100 arg1 % 1117:1117 >97% 1114:1117 >97% 1114:1117 All the samples had good emulsifying capability (>97%) and stability (>96%). 27083846 5 32 theme non-Newtonian 777:789 arg1 behavior 806:813 non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior 777:813 non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior which the Herschel-Bulkley model was successfully described the steady shear flow behavior of samples 777:915 Cress seed gum and its fractions exhibited non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior which the Herschel-Bulkley model was successfully described the steady shear flow behavior of samples, and apparent viscosity followed the order of F3>F2>F1. 27083846 5 33 theme F3>F2>F1 963:970 arg1 order 954:958 the order 950:958 the order of F3>F2>F1 950:970 Cress seed gum and its fractions exhibited non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior which the Herschel-Bulkley model was successfully described the steady shear flow behavior of samples, and apparent viscosity followed the order of F3>F2>F1. 27083846 2 34 theme acid 356:359 arg1 contents 361:368 uronic acid contents 349:368 uronic acid contents 349:368 The chemical composition (monosaccharide, ash, moisture, CHN and uronic acid contents) and molecular weight of the fractions varied significantly. 27083846 0 35 theme sativum 32:38 arg1 extraction 9:18 Stepwise extraction 0:18 Stepwise extraction of Lepidium sativum 0:38 Stepwise extraction of Lepidium sativum seed gum: Physicochemical characterization and functional properties. 27083846 2 36 theme molecular 375:383 arg1 weight 385:390 molecular weight 375:390 molecular weight 375:390 The chemical composition (monosaccharide, ash, moisture, CHN and uronic acid contents) and molecular weight of the fractions varied significantly. 27083846 5 37 theme shear 791:795 arg1 behavior 806:813 non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior 777:813 non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior which the Herschel-Bulkley model was successfully described the steady shear flow behavior of samples 777:915 Cress seed gum and its fractions exhibited non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior which the Herschel-Bulkley model was successfully described the steady shear flow behavior of samples, and apparent viscosity followed the order of F3>F2>F1. 27083846 2 38 theme uronic 349:354 arg1 contents 361:368 uronic acid contents 349:368 uronic acid contents 349:368 The chemical composition (monosaccharide, ash, moisture, CHN and uronic acid contents) and molecular weight of the fractions varied significantly. 27083846 2 39 theme fractions 399:407 arg1 composition 297:307 The chemical composition 284:307 The chemical composition (monosaccharide, ash, moisture, CHN and uronic acid contents) 284:369 The chemical composition (monosaccharide, ash, moisture, CHN and uronic acid contents) and molecular weight of the fractions varied significantly. 27083846 2 39 theme fractions 399:407 arg1 weight 385:390 molecular weight 375:390 molecular weight 375:390 The chemical composition (monosaccharide, ash, moisture, CHN and uronic acid contents) and molecular weight of the fractions varied significantly. 27083846 5 40 theme Herschel-Bulkley 825:840 arg1 model 842:846 the Herschel-Bulkley model 821:846 the Herschel-Bulkley model 821:846 Cress seed gum and its fractions exhibited non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior which the Herschel-Bulkley model was successfully described the steady shear flow behavior of samples, and apparent viscosity followed the order of F3>F2>F1. 27083846 3 41 theme seed 521:524 arg1 gum 526:528 whole cress seed gum 509:528 whole cress seed gum 509:528 Generally, the major identical peaks of FT-IR spectra for three fractions and whole cress seed gum were similar. 27083846 8 42 theme F3 1214:1215 arg1 series 1193:1198 the series 1189:1198 the series of F1, F2 and F3 1189:1215 The emulsion capacity increased slightly along the series of F1, F2 and F3, whereas, emulsion stability decreased along the same series. 27083846 5 43 theme Cress 734:738 arg1 gum 745:747 Cress seed gum 734:747 Cress seed gum 734:747 Cress seed gum and its fractions exhibited non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior which the Herschel-Bulkley model was successfully described the steady shear flow behavior of samples, and apparent viscosity followed the order of F3>F2>F1. 27083846 4 44 contain had 589:591 arg1 F3 586:587 F3 586:587 F3 586:587 The results of DSC and TGA indicated that F3 had the highest thermal stability and considering the initial decomposition temperature, the decreasing order of thermal stability was F3>F2>F1. 27083846 4 44 contain had 589:591 arg2 stability 613:621 the highest thermal stability 593:621 the highest thermal stability 593:621 The results of DSC and TGA indicated that F3 had the highest thermal stability and considering the initial decomposition temperature, the decreasing order of thermal stability was F3>F2>F1. 27083846 3 45 theme identical 452:460 arg1 similar 535:541 similar 535:541 similar 535:541 Generally, the major identical peaks of FT-IR spectra for three fractions and whole cress seed gum were similar. 27083846 3 45 theme identical 452:460 arg1 peaks 462:466 the major identical peaks 442:466 the major identical peaks of FT-IR spectra for three fractions and whole cress seed gum 442:528 Generally, the major identical peaks of FT-IR spectra for three fractions and whole cress seed gum were similar. 27083846 8 46 theme F1 1203:1204 arg1 series 1193:1198 the series 1189:1198 the series of F1, F2 and F3 1189:1215 The emulsion capacity increased slightly along the series of F1, F2 and F3, whereas, emulsion stability decreased along the same series. 27083846 1 47 with extraction 163:172 arg1 water 179:183 water 179:183 water 179:183 Cress seed gum (CSG) was fractionated using stepwise extraction with water, yielding three fractions (F1, F2, F3) whose average molecular weights ranged from 863 to 1080kDa. 27083846 1 48 dep fractions 201:209 arg1 F2 216:217 F2 216:217 F2 216:217 Cress seed gum (CSG) was fractionated using stepwise extraction with water, yielding three fractions (F1, F2, F3) whose average molecular weights ranged from 863 to 1080kDa. 27083846 1 48 dep fractions 201:209 arg1 F3 220:221 F3 220:221 F3 220:221 Cress seed gum (CSG) was fractionated using stepwise extraction with water, yielding three fractions (F1, F2, F3) whose average molecular weights ranged from 863 to 1080kDa. 27083846 2 49 theme chemical 288:295 arg1 composition 297:307 The chemical composition 284:307 The chemical composition (monosaccharide, ash, moisture, CHN and uronic acid contents) 284:369 The chemical composition (monosaccharide, ash, moisture, CHN and uronic acid contents) and molecular weight of the fractions varied significantly. 27083846 4 50 theme decreasing 682:691 arg1 F3>F2>F1 724:731 F3>F2>F1 724:731 F3>F2>F1 724:731 The results of DSC and TGA indicated that F3 had the highest thermal stability and considering the initial decomposition temperature, the decreasing order of thermal stability was F3>F2>F1. 27083846 4 50 theme decreasing 682:691 arg1 order 693:697 the decreasing order 678:697 the decreasing order of thermal stability 678:718 The results of DSC and TGA indicated that F3 had the highest thermal stability and considering the initial decomposition temperature, the decreasing order of thermal stability was F3>F2>F1. 27083846 4 51 theme thermal 702:708 arg1 stability 710:718 thermal stability 702:718 thermal stability 702:718 The results of DSC and TGA indicated that F3 had the highest thermal stability and considering the initial decomposition temperature, the decreasing order of thermal stability was F3>F2>F1. 27083846 5 52 theme apparent 922:929 arg1 viscosity 931:939 apparent viscosity 922:939 apparent viscosity 922:939 Cress seed gum and its fractions exhibited non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior which the Herschel-Bulkley model was successfully described the steady shear flow behavior of samples, and apparent viscosity followed the order of F3>F2>F1. 27083846 4 53 theme initial 643:649 arg1 temperature 665:675 the initial decomposition temperature 639:675 the initial decomposition temperature 639:675 The results of DSC and TGA indicated that F3 had the highest thermal stability and considering the initial decomposition temperature, the decreasing order of thermal stability was F3>F2>F1. 27083846 4 54 theme decomposition 651:663 arg1 temperature 665:675 the initial decomposition temperature 639:675 the initial decomposition temperature 639:675 The results of DSC and TGA indicated that F3 had the highest thermal stability and considering the initial decomposition temperature, the decreasing order of thermal stability was F3>F2>F1. 27083846 4 55 theme TGA 567:569 arg1 results 548:554 The results 544:554 The results of DSC and TGA 544:569 The results of DSC and TGA indicated that F3 had the highest thermal stability and considering the initial decomposition temperature, the decreasing order of thermal stability was F3>F2>F1. 27083846 4 56 theme thermal 605:611 arg1 stability 613:621 the highest thermal stability 593:621 the highest thermal stability 593:621 The results of DSC and TGA indicated that F3 had the highest thermal stability and considering the initial decomposition temperature, the decreasing order of thermal stability was F3>F2>F1. 27083846 0 57 theme Physicochemical 50:64 arg1 characterization 66:81 Physicochemical characterization 50:81 Physicochemical characterization 50:81 Stepwise extraction of Lepidium sativum seed gum: Physicochemical characterization and functional properties. 27083846 4 58 theme highest 597:603 arg1 stability 613:621 the highest thermal stability 593:621 the highest thermal stability 593:621 The results of DSC and TGA indicated that F3 had the highest thermal stability and considering the initial decomposition temperature, the decreasing order of thermal stability was F3>F2>F1. 27083846 6 59 theme best 990:993 arg1 tension 1003:1009 the best surface tension 986:1009 the best surface tension 986:1009 F3 exhibited the best surface tension reducing ability compared to other fractions and CSG. 28161879 2 0 theme Microbiological 491:505 arg1 determinations 520:533 Microbiological and chemical determinations 491:533 Microbiological and chemical determinations 491:533 Microbiological and chemical determinations were also carried out in all juices. 28161879 6 1 theme in 961:962 arg1 digestion 970:978 in vitro digestion 961:978 in vitro digestion 961:978 At 30 days, the fermented juices with 2% inulin after in vitro digestion presented the highest survival of L. plantarum. 28161879 1 2 theme fermentation 357:368 arg1 24 h 349:352 24 h 349:352 24 h of fermentation 349:368 The prebiotic effect of different concentrations of inulin (0, 1 and 2%) on the growth and survival of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) CECT 220 in blended carrot and orange juices was investigated after 24 h of fermentation, during 30 days of storage at 4 °C and through the phases of gastrointestinal digestion after different storage periods. 28161879 6 3 theme highest 994:1000 arg1 survival 1002:1009 the highest survival 990:1009 the highest survival of L. plantarum 990:1025 At 30 days, the fermented juices with 2% inulin after in vitro digestion presented the highest survival of L. plantarum. 28161879 1 4 from juices 319:324 arg1 growth 229:234 the growth 225:234 the growth 225:234 The prebiotic effect of different concentrations of inulin (0, 1 and 2%) on the growth and survival of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) CECT 220 in blended carrot and orange juices was investigated after 24 h of fermentation, during 30 days of storage at 4 °C and through the phases of gastrointestinal digestion after different storage periods. 28161879 1 4 from juices 319:324 arg1 survival 240:247 survival 240:247 survival 240:247 The prebiotic effect of different concentrations of inulin (0, 1 and 2%) on the growth and survival of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) CECT 220 in blended carrot and orange juices was investigated after 24 h of fermentation, during 30 days of storage at 4 °C and through the phases of gastrointestinal digestion after different storage periods. 28161879 0 5 from Effect 0:5 arg1 Viability 24:32 the Viability 20:32 the Viability of L. plantarum during Storage and In Vitro Digestion and on Composition Parameters of Vegetable Fermented Juices 20:146 Effect of Inulin on the Viability of L. plantarum during Storage and In Vitro Digestion and on Composition Parameters of Vegetable Fermented Juices. 28161879 1 6 from survival 240:247 arg1 juices 319:324 blended carrot and orange juices 293:324 blended carrot and orange juices 293:324 The prebiotic effect of different concentrations of inulin (0, 1 and 2%) on the growth and survival of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) CECT 220 in blended carrot and orange juices was investigated after 24 h of fermentation, during 30 days of storage at 4 °C and through the phases of gastrointestinal digestion after different storage periods. 28161879 5 7 dep remained 837:844 arg1 % 897:897 40% lower 895:903 40% lower 895:903 During storage, the inulin improved the viability of LP and the monosaccharide concentration remained higher with respect to the juice without inulin (40% lower). 28161879 0 8 theme In 69:70 arg1 Digestion 78:86 In Vitro Digestion 69:86 In Vitro Digestion 69:86 Effect of Inulin on the Viability of L. plantarum during Storage and In Vitro Digestion and on Composition Parameters of Vegetable Fermented Juices. 28161879 6 9 attach presented 980:988 arg2 juices 933:938 the fermented juices 919:938 the fermented juices with 2% inulin after in vitro digestion 919:978 At 30 days, the fermented juices with 2% inulin after in vitro digestion presented the highest survival of L. plantarum. 28161879 6 9 attach presented 980:988 arg1 30 days 910:916 30 days 910:916 30 days 910:916 At 30 days, the fermented juices with 2% inulin after in vitro digestion presented the highest survival of L. plantarum. 28161879 1 10 theme different 464:472 arg1 periods 482:488 different storage periods 464:488 different storage periods 464:488 The prebiotic effect of different concentrations of inulin (0, 1 and 2%) on the growth and survival of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) CECT 220 in blended carrot and orange juices was investigated after 24 h of fermentation, during 30 days of storage at 4 °C and through the phases of gastrointestinal digestion after different storage periods. 28161879 1 11 from growth 229:234 arg1 juices 319:324 blended carrot and orange juices 293:324 blended carrot and orange juices 293:324 The prebiotic effect of different concentrations of inulin (0, 1 and 2%) on the growth and survival of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) CECT 220 in blended carrot and orange juices was investigated after 24 h of fermentation, during 30 days of storage at 4 °C and through the phases of gastrointestinal digestion after different storage periods. 28161879 6 12 dep in 961:962 arg1 vitro 964:968 vitro 964:968 vitro 964:968 At 30 days, the fermented juices with 2% inulin after in vitro digestion presented the highest survival of L. plantarum. 28161879 1 13 theme storage 474:480 arg1 periods 482:488 different storage periods 464:488 different storage periods 464:488 The prebiotic effect of different concentrations of inulin (0, 1 and 2%) on the growth and survival of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) CECT 220 in blended carrot and orange juices was investigated after 24 h of fermentation, during 30 days of storage at 4 °C and through the phases of gastrointestinal digestion after different storage periods. 28161879 5 14 theme LP 797:798 arg1 viability 784:792 the viability 780:792 the viability of LP 780:798 During storage, the inulin improved the viability of LP and the monosaccharide concentration remained higher with respect to the juice without inulin (40% lower). 28161879 6 15 theme % 946:946 arg1 inulin 948:953 2% inulin 945:953 2% inulin 945:953 At 30 days, the fermented juices with 2% inulin after in vitro digestion presented the highest survival of L. plantarum. 28161879 0 16 from Viability 24:32 arg1 Parameters 107:116 Composition Parameters 95:116 Composition Parameters of Vegetable Fermented Juices 95:146 Effect of Inulin on the Viability of L. plantarum during Storage and In Vitro Digestion and on Composition Parameters of Vegetable Fermented Juices. 28161879 0 17 dep In 69:70 arg1 Vitro 72:76 Vitro 72:76 Vitro 72:76 Effect of Inulin on the Viability of L. plantarum during Storage and In Vitro Digestion and on Composition Parameters of Vegetable Fermented Juices. 28161879 3 18 with life 616:619 arg1 inulin 650:655 inulin 650:655 inulin 650:655 The lactic fermentation increased the shelf life of the fermented juices with inulin. 28161879 1 19 theme prebiotic 153:161 arg1 effect 163:168 The prebiotic effect 149:168 The prebiotic effect of different concentrations of inulin (0, 1 and 2%) on the growth and survival of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) CECT 220 in blended carrot and orange juices 149:324 The prebiotic effect of different concentrations of inulin (0, 1 and 2%) on the growth and survival of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) CECT 220 in blended carrot and orange juices was investigated after 24 h of fermentation, during 30 days of storage at 4 °C and through the phases of gastrointestinal digestion after different storage periods. 28161879 1 20 theme carrot 301:306 arg1 juices 319:324 blended carrot and orange juices 293:324 blended carrot and orange juices 293:324 The prebiotic effect of different concentrations of inulin (0, 1 and 2%) on the growth and survival of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) CECT 220 in blended carrot and orange juices was investigated after 24 h of fermentation, during 30 days of storage at 4 °C and through the phases of gastrointestinal digestion after different storage periods. 28161879 1 21 theme storage 389:395 arg1 30 days 378:384 30 days 378:384 30 days of storage at 4 °C 378:403 The prebiotic effect of different concentrations of inulin (0, 1 and 2%) on the growth and survival of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) CECT 220 in blended carrot and orange juices was investigated after 24 h of fermentation, during 30 days of storage at 4 °C and through the phases of gastrointestinal digestion after different storage periods. 28161879 2 22 theme chemical 511:518 arg1 determinations 520:533 Microbiological and chemical determinations 491:533 Microbiological and chemical determinations 491:533 Microbiological and chemical determinations were also carried out in all juices. 28161879 3 23 theme fermented 628:636 arg1 juices 638:643 the fermented juices 624:643 the fermented juices 624:643 The lactic fermentation increased the shelf life of the fermented juices with inulin. 28161879 5 24 theme monosaccharide 808:821 arg1 concentration 823:835 the monosaccharide concentration 804:835 the monosaccharide concentration 804:835 During storage, the inulin improved the viability of LP and the monosaccharide concentration remained higher with respect to the juice without inulin (40% lower). 28161879 0 25 theme Composition 95:105 arg1 Parameters 107:116 Composition Parameters 95:116 Composition Parameters of Vegetable Fermented Juices 95:146 Effect of Inulin on the Viability of L. plantarum during Storage and In Vitro Digestion and on Composition Parameters of Vegetable Fermented Juices. 28161879 4 26 from quality 680:686 arg1 juices 701:706 fermented juices 691:706 fermented juices 691:706 The hygienic-sanitary quality in fermented juices was better than the control juices. 28161879 1 27 theme different 173:181 arg1 concentrations 183:196 different concentrations 173:196 different concentrations of inulin (0, 1 and 2%) 173:220 The prebiotic effect of different concentrations of inulin (0, 1 and 2%) on the growth and survival of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) CECT 220 in blended carrot and orange juices was investigated after 24 h of fermentation, during 30 days of storage at 4 °C and through the phases of gastrointestinal digestion after different storage periods. 28161879 0 28 theme Inulin 10:15 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of Inulin on the Viability of L. plantarum during Storage and In Vitro Digestion and on Composition Parameters of Vegetable Fermented Juices. 0:147 Effect of Inulin on the Viability of L. plantarum during Storage and In Vitro Digestion and on Composition Parameters of Vegetable Fermented Juices. 28161879 4 29 theme fermented 691:699 arg1 juices 701:706 fermented juices 691:706 fermented juices 691:706 The hygienic-sanitary quality in fermented juices was better than the control juices. 28161879 1 30 theme concentrations 183:196 arg1 effect 163:168 The prebiotic effect 149:168 The prebiotic effect of different concentrations of inulin (0, 1 and 2%) on the growth and survival of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) CECT 220 in blended carrot and orange juices 149:324 The prebiotic effect of different concentrations of inulin (0, 1 and 2%) on the growth and survival of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) CECT 220 in blended carrot and orange juices was investigated after 24 h of fermentation, during 30 days of storage at 4 °C and through the phases of gastrointestinal digestion after different storage periods. 28161879 1 31 theme orange 312:317 arg1 juices 319:324 blended carrot and orange juices 293:324 blended carrot and orange juices 293:324 The prebiotic effect of different concentrations of inulin (0, 1 and 2%) on the growth and survival of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) CECT 220 in blended carrot and orange juices was investigated after 24 h of fermentation, during 30 days of storage at 4 °C and through the phases of gastrointestinal digestion after different storage periods. 28161879 6 32 with juices 933:938 arg1 inulin 948:953 2% inulin 945:953 2% inulin 945:953 At 30 days, the fermented juices with 2% inulin after in vitro digestion presented the highest survival of L. plantarum. 28161879 1 33 from CECT 281:284 arg1 juices 319:324 blended carrot and orange juices 293:324 blended carrot and orange juices 293:324 The prebiotic effect of different concentrations of inulin (0, 1 and 2%) on the growth and survival of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) CECT 220 in blended carrot and orange juices was investigated after 24 h of fermentation, during 30 days of storage at 4 °C and through the phases of gastrointestinal digestion after different storage periods. 28161879 1 34 theme inulin 201:206 arg1 concentrations 183:196 different concentrations 173:196 different concentrations of inulin (0, 1 and 2%) 173:220 The prebiotic effect of different concentrations of inulin (0, 1 and 2%) on the growth and survival of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) CECT 220 in blended carrot and orange juices was investigated after 24 h of fermentation, during 30 days of storage at 4 °C and through the phases of gastrointestinal digestion after different storage periods. 28161879 0 35 theme Fermented 131:139 arg1 Juices 141:146 Vegetable Fermented Juices 121:146 Vegetable Fermented Juices 121:146 Effect of Inulin on the Viability of L. plantarum during Storage and In Vitro Digestion and on Composition Parameters of Vegetable Fermented Juices. 28161879 3 36 theme lactic 576:581 arg1 fermentation 583:594 The lactic fermentation 572:594 The lactic fermentation 572:594 The lactic fermentation increased the shelf life of the fermented juices with inulin. 28161879 1 37 theme blended 293:299 arg1 juices 319:324 blended carrot and orange juices 293:324 blended carrot and orange juices 293:324 The prebiotic effect of different concentrations of inulin (0, 1 and 2%) on the growth and survival of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) CECT 220 in blended carrot and orange juices was investigated after 24 h of fermentation, during 30 days of storage at 4 °C and through the phases of gastrointestinal digestion after different storage periods. 28161879 1 38 theme CECT 281:284 arg1 growth 229:234 the growth 225:234 the growth 225:234 The prebiotic effect of different concentrations of inulin (0, 1 and 2%) on the growth and survival of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) CECT 220 in blended carrot and orange juices was investigated after 24 h of fermentation, during 30 days of storage at 4 °C and through the phases of gastrointestinal digestion after different storage periods. 28161879 1 38 theme CECT 281:284 arg1 survival 240:247 survival 240:247 survival 240:247 The prebiotic effect of different concentrations of inulin (0, 1 and 2%) on the growth and survival of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) CECT 220 in blended carrot and orange juices was investigated after 24 h of fermentation, during 30 days of storage at 4 °C and through the phases of gastrointestinal digestion after different storage periods. 28161879 0 39 theme Vegetable 121:129 arg1 Juices 141:146 Vegetable Fermented Juices 121:146 Vegetable Fermented Juices 121:146 Effect of Inulin on the Viability of L. plantarum during Storage and In Vitro Digestion and on Composition Parameters of Vegetable Fermented Juices. 28161879 1 40 from 4 °C 400:403 arg1 storage 389:395 storage 389:395 storage at 4 °C 389:403 The prebiotic effect of different concentrations of inulin (0, 1 and 2%) on the growth and survival of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) CECT 220 in blended carrot and orange juices was investigated after 24 h of fermentation, during 30 days of storage at 4 °C and through the phases of gastrointestinal digestion after different storage periods. 28161879 1 40 from 4 °C 400:403 arg1 30 days 378:384 30 days 378:384 30 days of storage at 4 °C 378:403 The prebiotic effect of different concentrations of inulin (0, 1 and 2%) on the growth and survival of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) CECT 220 in blended carrot and orange juices was investigated after 24 h of fermentation, during 30 days of storage at 4 °C and through the phases of gastrointestinal digestion after different storage periods. 28161879 1 41 theme plantarum 266:274 arg1 CECT 281:284 Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) CECT 220 252:288 Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) CECT 220 in blended carrot and orange juices 252:324 The prebiotic effect of different concentrations of inulin (0, 1 and 2%) on the growth and survival of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) CECT 220 in blended carrot and orange juices was investigated after 24 h of fermentation, during 30 days of storage at 4 °C and through the phases of gastrointestinal digestion after different storage periods. 28161879 4 42 theme hygienic-sanitary 662:678 arg1 better 712:717 better 712:717 better 712:717 The hygienic-sanitary quality in fermented juices was better than the control juices. 28161879 4 42 theme hygienic-sanitary 662:678 arg1 quality 680:686 The hygienic-sanitary quality 658:686 The hygienic-sanitary quality in fermented juices 658:706 The hygienic-sanitary quality in fermented juices was better than the control juices. 28161879 6 43 theme 2 945:945 arg1 % 946:946 % 946:946 % 946:946 At 30 days, the fermented juices with 2% inulin after in vitro digestion presented the highest survival of L. plantarum. 28161879 0 44 theme Juices 141:146 arg1 Parameters 107:116 Composition Parameters 95:116 Composition Parameters of Vegetable Fermented Juices 95:146 Effect of Inulin on the Viability of L. plantarum during Storage and In Vitro Digestion and on Composition Parameters of Vegetable Fermented Juices. 28161879 4 45 theme control 728:734 arg1 juices 736:741 the control juices 724:741 the control juices 724:741 The hygienic-sanitary quality in fermented juices was better than the control juices. 28161879 1 46 from effect 163:168 arg1 growth 229:234 the growth 225:234 the growth 225:234 The prebiotic effect of different concentrations of inulin (0, 1 and 2%) on the growth and survival of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) CECT 220 in blended carrot and orange juices was investigated after 24 h of fermentation, during 30 days of storage at 4 °C and through the phases of gastrointestinal digestion after different storage periods. 28161879 1 46 from effect 163:168 arg1 survival 240:247 survival 240:247 survival 240:247 The prebiotic effect of different concentrations of inulin (0, 1 and 2%) on the growth and survival of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) CECT 220 in blended carrot and orange juices was investigated after 24 h of fermentation, during 30 days of storage at 4 °C and through the phases of gastrointestinal digestion after different storage periods. 28161879 6 47 theme plantarum 1017:1025 arg1 survival 1002:1009 the highest survival 990:1009 the highest survival of L. plantarum 990:1025 At 30 days, the fermented juices with 2% inulin after in vitro digestion presented the highest survival of L. plantarum. 28161879 3 48 theme shelf 610:614 arg1 life 616:619 the shelf life 606:619 the shelf life of the fermented juices with inulin 606:655 The lactic fermentation increased the shelf life of the fermented juices with inulin. 28161879 1 49 theme gastrointestinal 431:446 arg1 digestion 448:456 gastrointestinal digestion 431:456 gastrointestinal digestion 431:456 The prebiotic effect of different concentrations of inulin (0, 1 and 2%) on the growth and survival of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) CECT 220 in blended carrot and orange juices was investigated after 24 h of fermentation, during 30 days of storage at 4 °C and through the phases of gastrointestinal digestion after different storage periods. 28161879 0 50 theme plantarum 40:48 arg1 Viability 24:32 the Viability 20:32 the Viability of L. plantarum during Storage and In Vitro Digestion and on Composition Parameters of Vegetable Fermented Juices 20:146 Effect of Inulin on the Viability of L. plantarum during Storage and In Vitro Digestion and on Composition Parameters of Vegetable Fermented Juices. 28161879 3 51 theme juices 638:643 arg1 life 616:619 the shelf life 606:619 the shelf life of the fermented juices with inulin 606:655 The lactic fermentation increased the shelf life of the fermented juices with inulin. 28161879 1 52 theme digestion 448:456 arg1 phases 421:426 the phases 417:426 the phases of gastrointestinal digestion 417:456 The prebiotic effect of different concentrations of inulin (0, 1 and 2%) on the growth and survival of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) CECT 220 in blended carrot and orange juices was investigated after 24 h of fermentation, during 30 days of storage at 4 °C and through the phases of gastrointestinal digestion after different storage periods. 28161879 1 53 from 30 days 378:384 arg1 4 °C 400:403 4 °C 400:403 4 °C 400:403 The prebiotic effect of different concentrations of inulin (0, 1 and 2%) on the growth and survival of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) CECT 220 in blended carrot and orange juices was investigated after 24 h of fermentation, during 30 days of storage at 4 °C and through the phases of gastrointestinal digestion after different storage periods. 28161879 6 54 theme fermented 923:931 arg1 juices 933:938 the fermented juices 919:938 the fermented juices with 2% inulin after in vitro digestion 919:978 At 30 days, the fermented juices with 2% inulin after in vitro digestion presented the highest survival of L. plantarum. 24901216 7 0 dep distinguished 991:1003 arg1 pathway 1036:1042 a Wzy-dependent synthetic pathway 1010:1042 a Wzy-dependent synthetic pathway 1010:1042 Can be distinguished: (i) a Wzy-dependent synthetic pathway, allowing the production of heteropolysaccharides made of glucose, galactose and rhamnose, mainly in a capsular form, (ii) a glucan synthase pathway (Gtf), involved in β-glucan synthesis in a free and a cell-associated form, giving a ropy phenotype to growth media and (iii) homopolysaccharide synthesis from sucrose (α-glucan or β-fructan) by glycoside-hydrolases of the GH70 and GH68 families. 24901216 8 1 theme eps 1444:1446 arg1 distribution 1453:1464 The eps gene distribution 1440:1464 The eps gene distribution on the phylogenetic tree 1440:1489 The eps gene distribution on the phylogenetic tree was examined. 24901216 6 2 from active 947:952 arg1 O. 975:976 O. 975:976 O. 975:976 Genotype to phenotype correlations showed that several EPS biosynthetic pathways were active and complementary in O. oeni. 24901216 10 3 theme malolactic 1767:1776 arg1 starters 1778:1785 malolactic starters 1767:1785 malolactic starters 1767:1785 This suggests that these polymers are important for the adaptation of O. oeni to its specific ecological niche, wine and possibly contribute to the technological performance of malolactic starters. 24901216 1 4 theme malolactic 134:143 arg1 fermentation 145:156 malolactic fermentation 134:156 malolactic fermentation in wine 134:164 Oenococcus oeni is the bacterial species which drives malolactic fermentation in wine. 24901216 7 5 theme GH70 1416:1419 arg1 families 1430:1437 the GH70 and GH68 families 1412:1437 families 1430:1437 Can be distinguished: (i) a Wzy-dependent synthetic pathway, allowing the production of heteropolysaccharides made of glucose, galactose and rhamnose, mainly in a capsular form, (ii) a glucan synthase pathway (Gtf), involved in β-glucan synthesis in a free and a cell-associated form, giving a ropy phenotype to growth media and (iii) homopolysaccharide synthesis from sucrose (α-glucan or β-fructan) by glycoside-hydrolases of the GH70 and GH68 families. 24901216 9 6 theme several 1547:1553 arg1 genes 1555:1559 several genes 1547:1559 several genes dedicated to EPS metabolism 1547:1587 Fifty out of 50 studied genomes possessed several genes dedicated to EPS metabolism. 24901216 10 7 theme technological 1738:1750 arg1 performance 1752:1762 the technological performance 1734:1762 the technological performance of malolactic starters 1734:1785 This suggests that these polymers are important for the adaptation of O. oeni to its specific ecological niche, wine and possibly contribute to the technological performance of malolactic starters. 24901216 7 8 dep made 1094:1097 arg1 involved 1200:1207 involved 1200:1207 involved 1200:1207 Can be distinguished: (i) a Wzy-dependent synthetic pathway, allowing the production of heteropolysaccharides made of glucose, galactose and rhamnose, mainly in a capsular form, (ii) a glucan synthase pathway (Gtf), involved in β-glucan synthesis in a free and a cell-associated form, giving a ropy phenotype to growth media and (iii) homopolysaccharide synthesis from sucrose (α-glucan or β-fructan) by glycoside-hydrolases of the GH70 and GH68 families. 24901216 7 9 theme synthetic 1026:1034 arg1 pathway 1036:1042 a Wzy-dependent synthetic pathway 1010:1042 a Wzy-dependent synthetic pathway 1010:1042 Can be distinguished: (i) a Wzy-dependent synthetic pathway, allowing the production of heteropolysaccharides made of glucose, galactose and rhamnose, mainly in a capsular form, (ii) a glucan synthase pathway (Gtf), involved in β-glucan synthesis in a free and a cell-associated form, giving a ropy phenotype to growth media and (iii) homopolysaccharide synthesis from sucrose (α-glucan or β-fructan) by glycoside-hydrolases of the GH70 and GH68 families. 24901216 6 10 theme biosynthetic 920:931 arg1 pathways 933:940 several EPS biosynthetic pathways 908:940 several EPS biosynthetic pathways 908:940 Genotype to phenotype correlations showed that several EPS biosynthetic pathways were active and complementary in O. oeni. 24901216 7 11 theme homopolysaccharide 1319:1336 arg1 synthesis 1338:1346 (iii) homopolysaccharide synthesis 1313:1346 (iii) homopolysaccharide synthesis 1313:1346 Can be distinguished: (i) a Wzy-dependent synthetic pathway, allowing the production of heteropolysaccharides made of glucose, galactose and rhamnose, mainly in a capsular form, (ii) a glucan synthase pathway (Gtf), involved in β-glucan synthesis in a free and a cell-associated form, giving a ropy phenotype to growth media and (iii) homopolysaccharide synthesis from sucrose (α-glucan or β-fructan) by glycoside-hydrolases of the GH70 and GH68 families. 24901216 7 12 theme Wzy-dependent 1012:1024 arg1 pathway 1036:1042 a Wzy-dependent synthetic pathway 1010:1042 a Wzy-dependent synthetic pathway 1010:1042 Can be distinguished: (i) a Wzy-dependent synthetic pathway, allowing the production of heteropolysaccharides made of glucose, galactose and rhamnose, mainly in a capsular form, (ii) a glucan synthase pathway (Gtf), involved in β-glucan synthesis in a free and a cell-associated form, giving a ropy phenotype to growth media and (iii) homopolysaccharide synthesis from sucrose (α-glucan or β-fructan) by glycoside-hydrolases of the GH70 and GH68 families. 24901216 1 13 from fermentation 145:156 arg1 wine 161:164 wine 161:164 wine 161:164 Oenococcus oeni is the bacterial species which drives malolactic fermentation in wine. 24901216 2 14 theme sequenced 250:258 arg1 ones 260:263 36 newly sequenced ones 241:263 36 newly sequenced ones 241:263 The analysis of 50 genomic sequences of O. oeni (14 already available and 36 newly sequenced ones) provided an inventory of the genes potentially involved in exopolysaccharide (EPS) biosynthesis. 24901216 6 15 theme EPS 916:918 arg1 pathways 933:940 several EPS biosynthetic pathways 908:940 several EPS biosynthetic pathways 908:940 Genotype to phenotype correlations showed that several EPS biosynthetic pathways were active and complementary in O. oeni. 24901216 7 16 dep heteropolysaccharides 1072:1092 arg1 made 1094:1097 made 1094:1097 made 1094:1097 Can be distinguished: (i) a Wzy-dependent synthetic pathway, allowing the production of heteropolysaccharides made of glucose, galactose and rhamnose, mainly in a capsular form, (ii) a glucan synthase pathway (Gtf), involved in β-glucan synthesis in a free and a cell-associated form, giving a ropy phenotype to growth media and (iii) homopolysaccharide synthesis from sucrose (α-glucan or β-fructan) by glycoside-hydrolases of the GH70 and GH68 families. 24901216 7 17 theme growth 1296:1301 arg1 media 1303:1307 growth media 1296:1307 growth media 1296:1307 Can be distinguished: (i) a Wzy-dependent synthetic pathway, allowing the production of heteropolysaccharides made of glucose, galactose and rhamnose, mainly in a capsular form, (ii) a glucan synthase pathway (Gtf), involved in β-glucan synthesis in a free and a cell-associated form, giving a ropy phenotype to growth media and (iii) homopolysaccharide synthesis from sucrose (α-glucan or β-fructan) by glycoside-hydrolases of the GH70 and GH68 families. 24901216 3 18 theme glycoside-hydrolase 442:460 arg1 genes 462:466 three isolated glycoside-hydrolase genes 427:466 three isolated glycoside-hydrolase genes named dsrO, dsrV and levO 427:492 The loci identified are: two gene clusters named eps1 and eps2, three isolated glycoside-hydrolase genes named dsrO, dsrV and levO, and three isolated glycosyltransferase genes named gtf, it3, it4. 24901216 6 19 theme several 908:914 arg1 pathways 933:940 several EPS biosynthetic pathways 908:940 several EPS biosynthetic pathways 908:940 Genotype to phenotype correlations showed that several EPS biosynthetic pathways were active and complementary in O. oeni. 24901216 5 20 theme several 754:760 arg1 strains 762:768 several strains 754:768 several strains 754:768 The soluble and capsular EPS production capacity of several strains was examined after growth in different culture media and the EPS structure was determined. 24901216 7 21 theme ropy 1278:1281 arg1 phenotype 1283:1291 a ropy phenotype 1276:1291 a ropy phenotype 1276:1291 Can be distinguished: (i) a Wzy-dependent synthetic pathway, allowing the production of heteropolysaccharides made of glucose, galactose and rhamnose, mainly in a capsular form, (ii) a glucan synthase pathway (Gtf), involved in β-glucan synthesis in a free and a cell-associated form, giving a ropy phenotype to growth media and (iii) homopolysaccharide synthesis from sucrose (α-glucan or β-fructan) by glycoside-hydrolases of the GH70 and GH68 families. 24901216 7 22 dep pathway 1036:1042 arg1 i 1007:1007 i 1007:1007 i 1007:1007 Can be distinguished: (i) a Wzy-dependent synthetic pathway, allowing the production of heteropolysaccharides made of glucose, galactose and rhamnose, mainly in a capsular form, (ii) a glucan synthase pathway (Gtf), involved in β-glucan synthesis in a free and a cell-associated form, giving a ropy phenotype to growth media and (iii) homopolysaccharide synthesis from sucrose (α-glucan or β-fructan) by glycoside-hydrolases of the GH70 and GH68 families. 24901216 6 23 dep correlations 883:894 arg1 to 870:871 to 870:871 to 870:871 Genotype to phenotype correlations showed that several EPS biosynthetic pathways were active and complementary in O. oeni. 24901216 7 24 dep sucrose 1353:1359 arg1 α-glucan 1362:1369 α-glucan 1362:1369 α-glucan 1362:1369 Can be distinguished: (i) a Wzy-dependent synthetic pathway, allowing the production of heteropolysaccharides made of glucose, galactose and rhamnose, mainly in a capsular form, (ii) a glucan synthase pathway (Gtf), involved in β-glucan synthesis in a free and a cell-associated form, giving a ropy phenotype to growth media and (iii) homopolysaccharide synthesis from sucrose (α-glucan or β-fructan) by glycoside-hydrolases of the GH70 and GH68 families. 24901216 7 24 dep sucrose 1353:1359 arg1 β-fructan 1374:1382 β-fructan 1374:1382 β-fructan 1374:1382 Can be distinguished: (i) a Wzy-dependent synthetic pathway, allowing the production of heteropolysaccharides made of glucose, galactose and rhamnose, mainly in a capsular form, (ii) a glucan synthase pathway (Gtf), involved in β-glucan synthesis in a free and a cell-associated form, giving a ropy phenotype to growth media and (iii) homopolysaccharide synthesis from sucrose (α-glucan or β-fructan) by glycoside-hydrolases of the GH70 and GH68 families. 24901216 6 25 from O. 975:976 arg1 active 947:952 active 947:952 active 947:952 Genotype to phenotype correlations showed that several EPS biosynthetic pathways were active and complementary in O. oeni. 24901216 5 26 theme EPS 727:729 arg1 capacity 742:749 The soluble and capsular EPS production capacity 702:749 The soluble and capsular EPS production capacity of several strains 702:768 The soluble and capsular EPS production capacity of several strains was examined after growth in different culture media and the EPS structure was determined. 24901216 3 27 theme gene 392:395 arg1 loci 367:370 The loci 363:370 The loci identified 363:381 The loci identified are: two gene clusters named eps1 and eps2, three isolated glycoside-hydrolase genes named dsrO, dsrV and levO, and three isolated glycosyltransferase genes named gtf, it3, it4. 24901216 3 27 theme gene 392:395 arg1 clusters 397:404 two gene clusters 388:404 two gene clusters named eps1 and eps2, three isolated glycoside-hydrolase genes named dsrO, dsrV and levO, and three isolated glycosyltransferase genes named gtf, it3, it4 388:558 The loci identified are: two gene clusters named eps1 and eps2, three isolated glycoside-hydrolase genes named dsrO, dsrV and levO, and three isolated glycosyltransferase genes named gtf, it3, it4. 24901216 5 28 theme capsular 718:725 arg1 capacity 742:749 The soluble and capsular EPS production capacity 702:749 The soluble and capsular EPS production capacity of several strains 702:768 The soluble and capsular EPS production capacity of several strains was examined after growth in different culture media and the EPS structure was determined. 24901216 6 29 theme phenotype 873:881 arg1 correlations 883:894 Genotype to phenotype correlations 861:894 Genotype to phenotype correlations 861:894 Genotype to phenotype correlations showed that several EPS biosynthetic pathways were active and complementary in O. oeni. 24901216 7 30 theme synthase 1176:1183 arg1 Gtf 1194:1196 Gtf 1194:1196 Gtf 1194:1196 Can be distinguished: (i) a Wzy-dependent synthetic pathway, allowing the production of heteropolysaccharides made of glucose, galactose and rhamnose, mainly in a capsular form, (ii) a glucan synthase pathway (Gtf), involved in β-glucan synthesis in a free and a cell-associated form, giving a ropy phenotype to growth media and (iii) homopolysaccharide synthesis from sucrose (α-glucan or β-fructan) by glycoside-hydrolases of the GH70 and GH68 families. 24901216 7 30 theme synthase 1176:1183 arg1 pathway 1185:1191 a glucan synthase pathway 1167:1191 (ii) a glucan synthase pathway (Gtf) 1162:1197 Can be distinguished: (i) a Wzy-dependent synthetic pathway, allowing the production of heteropolysaccharides made of glucose, galactose and rhamnose, mainly in a capsular form, (ii) a glucan synthase pathway (Gtf), involved in β-glucan synthesis in a free and a cell-associated form, giving a ropy phenotype to growth media and (iii) homopolysaccharide synthesis from sucrose (α-glucan or β-fructan) by glycoside-hydrolases of the GH70 and GH68 families. 24901216 7 30 theme synthase 1176:1183 arg1 form 1156:1159 a capsular form 1145:1159 a capsular form 1145:1159 Can be distinguished: (i) a Wzy-dependent synthetic pathway, allowing the production of heteropolysaccharides made of glucose, galactose and rhamnose, mainly in a capsular form, (ii) a glucan synthase pathway (Gtf), involved in β-glucan synthesis in a free and a cell-associated form, giving a ropy phenotype to growth media and (iii) homopolysaccharide synthesis from sucrose (α-glucan or β-fructan) by glycoside-hydrolases of the GH70 and GH68 families. 24901216 9 31 theme studied 1521:1527 arg1 genomes 1529:1535 50 studied genomes 1518:1535 50 studied genomes 1518:1535 Fifty out of 50 studied genomes possessed several genes dedicated to EPS metabolism. 24901216 0 32 theme Exopolysaccharide 0:16 arg1 synthesis 24:32 Exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesis 0:32 Exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesis by Oenococcus oeni: from genes to phenotypes. 0:78 Exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesis by Oenococcus oeni: from genes to phenotypes. 24901216 9 33 theme genomes 1529:1535 arg1 Fifty 1505:1509 Fifty 1505:1509 Fifty 1505:1509 Fifty out of 50 studied genomes possessed several genes dedicated to EPS metabolism. 24901216 9 33 theme genomes 1529:1535 arg1 genomes 1529:1535 50 studied genomes 1518:1535 50 studied genomes 1518:1535 Fifty out of 50 studied genomes possessed several genes dedicated to EPS metabolism. 24901216 3 34 theme isolated 505:512 arg1 genes 534:538 three isolated glycosyltransferase genes 499:538 three isolated glycosyltransferase genes named gtf, it3, it4 499:558 The loci identified are: two gene clusters named eps1 and eps2, three isolated glycoside-hydrolase genes named dsrO, dsrV and levO, and three isolated glycosyltransferase genes named gtf, it3, it4. 24901216 5 35 theme production 731:740 arg1 capacity 742:749 The soluble and capsular EPS production capacity 702:749 The soluble and capsular EPS production capacity of several strains 702:768 The soluble and capsular EPS production capacity of several strains was examined after growth in different culture media and the EPS structure was determined. 24901216 10 36 theme O. 1660:1661 arg1 adaptation 1646:1655 the adaptation 1642:1655 the adaptation of O. oeni to its specific ecological niche, wine 1642:1705 This suggests that these polymers are important for the adaptation of O. oeni to its specific ecological niche, wine and possibly contribute to the technological performance of malolactic starters. 24901216 4 37 theme clusters 644:651 arg1 composition 653:663 the eps gene clusters composition 631:663 the eps gene clusters composition 631:663 The isolated genes were present or absent depending on the strain and the eps gene clusters composition diverged from one strain to another. 24901216 7 38 dep synthesis 1338:1346 arg1 iii 1314:1316 iii 1314:1316 iii 1314:1316 Can be distinguished: (i) a Wzy-dependent synthetic pathway, allowing the production of heteropolysaccharides made of glucose, galactose and rhamnose, mainly in a capsular form, (ii) a glucan synthase pathway (Gtf), involved in β-glucan synthesis in a free and a cell-associated form, giving a ropy phenotype to growth media and (iii) homopolysaccharide synthesis from sucrose (α-glucan or β-fructan) by glycoside-hydrolases of the GH70 and GH68 families. 24901216 8 39 from distribution 1453:1464 arg1 tree 1486:1489 the phylogenetic tree 1469:1489 the phylogenetic tree 1469:1489 The eps gene distribution on the phylogenetic tree was examined. 24901216 5 40 theme different 799:807 arg1 media 817:821 different culture media 799:821 different culture media 799:821 The soluble and capsular EPS production capacity of several strains was examined after growth in different culture media and the EPS structure was determined. 24901216 5 41 theme EPS 831:833 arg1 structure 835:843 the EPS structure 827:843 the EPS structure 827:843 The soluble and capsular EPS production capacity of several strains was examined after growth in different culture media and the EPS structure was determined. 24901216 0 42 from genes 59:63 arg1 synthesis 24:32 Exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesis 0:32 Exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesis by Oenococcus oeni: from genes to phenotypes. 0:78 Exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesis by Oenococcus oeni: from genes to phenotypes. 24901216 8 43 theme phylogenetic 1473:1484 arg1 tree 1486:1489 the phylogenetic tree 1469:1489 the phylogenetic tree 1469:1489 The eps gene distribution on the phylogenetic tree was examined. 24901216 5 44 theme strains 762:768 arg1 capacity 742:749 The soluble and capsular EPS production capacity 702:749 The soluble and capsular EPS production capacity of several strains 702:768 The soluble and capsular EPS production capacity of several strains was examined after growth in different culture media and the EPS structure was determined. 24901216 2 45 theme O. 207:208 arg1 sequences 194:202 50 genomic sequences 183:202 50 genomic sequences of O. oeni (14 already available and 36 newly sequenced ones) 183:264 The analysis of 50 genomic sequences of O. oeni (14 already available and 36 newly sequenced ones) provided an inventory of the genes potentially involved in exopolysaccharide (EPS) biosynthesis. 24901216 4 46 theme isolated 565:572 arg1 present 585:591 present 585:591 present 585:591 The isolated genes were present or absent depending on the strain and the eps gene clusters composition diverged from one strain to another. 24901216 4 46 theme isolated 565:572 arg1 genes 574:578 The isolated genes 561:578 The isolated genes 561:578 The isolated genes were present or absent depending on the strain and the eps gene clusters composition diverged from one strain to another. 24901216 5 47 theme soluble 706:712 arg1 capacity 742:749 The soluble and capsular EPS production capacity 702:749 The soluble and capsular EPS production capacity of several strains 702:768 The soluble and capsular EPS production capacity of several strains was examined after growth in different culture media and the EPS structure was determined. 24901216 6 48 theme Genotype 861:868 arg1 correlations 883:894 Genotype to phenotype correlations 861:894 Genotype to phenotype correlations 861:894 Genotype to phenotype correlations showed that several EPS biosynthetic pathways were active and complementary in O. oeni. 24901216 10 49 theme ecological 1684:1693 arg1 wine 1702:1705 wine 1702:1705 wine 1702:1705 This suggests that these polymers are important for the adaptation of O. oeni to its specific ecological niche, wine and possibly contribute to the technological performance of malolactic starters. 24901216 10 49 theme ecological 1684:1693 arg1 niche 1695:1699 its specific ecological niche 1671:1699 its specific ecological niche 1671:1699 This suggests that these polymers are important for the adaptation of O. oeni to its specific ecological niche, wine and possibly contribute to the technological performance of malolactic starters. 24901216 3 50 theme glycosyltransferase 514:532 arg1 genes 534:538 three isolated glycosyltransferase genes 499:538 three isolated glycosyltransferase genes named gtf, it3, it4 499:558 The loci identified are: two gene clusters named eps1 and eps2, three isolated glycoside-hydrolase genes named dsrO, dsrV and levO, and three isolated glycosyltransferase genes named gtf, it3, it4. 24901216 10 51 theme starters 1778:1785 arg1 performance 1752:1762 the technological performance 1734:1762 the technological performance of malolactic starters 1734:1785 This suggests that these polymers are important for the adaptation of O. oeni to its specific ecological niche, wine and possibly contribute to the technological performance of malolactic starters. 24901216 2 52 theme genes 295:299 arg1 inventory 278:286 an inventory 275:286 an inventory of the genes potentially involved in exopolysaccharide (EPS) biosynthesis 275:360 The analysis of 50 genomic sequences of O. oeni (14 already available and 36 newly sequenced ones) provided an inventory of the genes potentially involved in exopolysaccharide (EPS) biosynthesis. 24901216 9 53 theme EPS 1574:1576 arg1 metabolism 1578:1587 EPS metabolism 1574:1587 EPS metabolism 1574:1587 Fifty out of 50 studied genomes possessed several genes dedicated to EPS metabolism. 24901216 2 54 theme genomic 186:192 arg1 sequences 194:202 50 genomic sequences 183:202 50 genomic sequences of O. oeni (14 already available and 36 newly sequenced ones) 183:264 The analysis of 50 genomic sequences of O. oeni (14 already available and 36 newly sequenced ones) provided an inventory of the genes potentially involved in exopolysaccharide (EPS) biosynthesis. 24901216 2 55 theme sequences 194:202 arg1 analysis 171:178 The analysis 167:178 The analysis of 50 genomic sequences of O. oeni (14 already available and 36 newly sequenced ones) 167:264 The analysis of 50 genomic sequences of O. oeni (14 already available and 36 newly sequenced ones) provided an inventory of the genes potentially involved in exopolysaccharide (EPS) biosynthesis. 24901216 3 56 theme isolated 433:440 arg1 genes 462:466 three isolated glycoside-hydrolase genes 427:466 three isolated glycoside-hydrolase genes named dsrO, dsrV and levO 427:492 The loci identified are: two gene clusters named eps1 and eps2, three isolated glycoside-hydrolase genes named dsrO, dsrV and levO, and three isolated glycosyltransferase genes named gtf, it3, it4. 24901216 7 57 theme heteropolysaccharides 1072:1092 arg1 production 1058:1067 the production 1054:1067 the production of heteropolysaccharides made of glucose, galactose and rhamnose, mainly in a capsular form, (ii) a glucan synthase pathway (Gtf), involved in β-glucan synthesis in a free and a cell-associated form, giving a ropy phenotype to growth media and (iii) homopolysaccharide synthesis from sucrose (α-glucan or β-fructan) by glycoside-hydrolases of the GH70 and GH68 families 1054:1437 Can be distinguished: (i) a Wzy-dependent synthetic pathway, allowing the production of heteropolysaccharides made of glucose, galactose and rhamnose, mainly in a capsular form, (ii) a glucan synthase pathway (Gtf), involved in β-glucan synthesis in a free and a cell-associated form, giving a ropy phenotype to growth media and (iii) homopolysaccharide synthesis from sucrose (α-glucan or β-fructan) by glycoside-hydrolases of the GH70 and GH68 families. 24901216 10 58 theme specific 1675:1682 arg1 wine 1702:1705 wine 1702:1705 wine 1702:1705 This suggests that these polymers are important for the adaptation of O. oeni to its specific ecological niche, wine and possibly contribute to the technological performance of malolactic starters. 24901216 10 58 theme specific 1675:1682 arg1 niche 1695:1699 its specific ecological niche 1671:1699 its specific ecological niche 1671:1699 This suggests that these polymers are important for the adaptation of O. oeni to its specific ecological niche, wine and possibly contribute to the technological performance of malolactic starters. 24901216 7 59 theme cell-associated 1247:1261 arg1 form 1263:1266 a cell-associated form 1245:1266 a cell-associated form 1245:1266 Can be distinguished: (i) a Wzy-dependent synthetic pathway, allowing the production of heteropolysaccharides made of glucose, galactose and rhamnose, mainly in a capsular form, (ii) a glucan synthase pathway (Gtf), involved in β-glucan synthesis in a free and a cell-associated form, giving a ropy phenotype to growth media and (iii) homopolysaccharide synthesis from sucrose (α-glucan or β-fructan) by glycoside-hydrolases of the GH70 and GH68 families. 24901216 1 60 theme bacterial 103:111 arg1 species 113:119 the bacterial species 99:119 the bacterial species which drives malolactic fermentation in wine 99:164 Oenococcus oeni is the bacterial species which drives malolactic fermentation in wine. 24901216 1 60 theme bacterial 103:111 arg1 Oenococcus 80:89 Oenococcus oeni 80:94 Oenococcus oeni 80:94 Oenococcus oeni is the bacterial species which drives malolactic fermentation in wine. 24901216 8 61 theme gene 1448:1451 arg1 distribution 1453:1464 The eps gene distribution 1440:1464 The eps gene distribution on the phylogenetic tree 1440:1489 The eps gene distribution on the phylogenetic tree was examined. 24901216 7 62 dep pathway 1185:1191 arg1 ii 1163:1164 ii 1163:1164 ii 1163:1164 Can be distinguished: (i) a Wzy-dependent synthetic pathway, allowing the production of heteropolysaccharides made of glucose, galactose and rhamnose, mainly in a capsular form, (ii) a glucan synthase pathway (Gtf), involved in β-glucan synthesis in a free and a cell-associated form, giving a ropy phenotype to growth media and (iii) homopolysaccharide synthesis from sucrose (α-glucan or β-fructan) by glycoside-hydrolases of the GH70 and GH68 families. 24901216 5 63 from growth 789:794 arg1 media 817:821 different culture media 799:821 different culture media 799:821 The soluble and capsular EPS production capacity of several strains was examined after growth in different culture media and the EPS structure was determined. 24901216 4 64 theme eps 635:637 arg1 clusters 644:651 eps gene clusters 635:651 the eps gene clusters composition 631:663 The isolated genes were present or absent depending on the strain and the eps gene clusters composition diverged from one strain to another. 24901216 4 65 theme gene 639:642 arg1 clusters 644:651 eps gene clusters 635:651 the eps gene clusters composition 631:663 The isolated genes were present or absent depending on the strain and the eps gene clusters composition diverged from one strain to another. 24901216 7 66 from sucrose 1353:1359 arg1 media 1303:1307 growth media 1296:1307 growth media 1296:1307 Can be distinguished: (i) a Wzy-dependent synthetic pathway, allowing the production of heteropolysaccharides made of glucose, galactose and rhamnose, mainly in a capsular form, (ii) a glucan synthase pathway (Gtf), involved in β-glucan synthesis in a free and a cell-associated form, giving a ropy phenotype to growth media and (iii) homopolysaccharide synthesis from sucrose (α-glucan or β-fructan) by glycoside-hydrolases of the GH70 and GH68 families. 24901216 7 66 from sucrose 1353:1359 arg1 synthesis 1338:1346 (iii) homopolysaccharide synthesis 1313:1346 (iii) homopolysaccharide synthesis 1313:1346 Can be distinguished: (i) a Wzy-dependent synthetic pathway, allowing the production of heteropolysaccharides made of glucose, galactose and rhamnose, mainly in a capsular form, (ii) a glucan synthase pathway (Gtf), involved in β-glucan synthesis in a free and a cell-associated form, giving a ropy phenotype to growth media and (iii) homopolysaccharide synthesis from sucrose (α-glucan or β-fructan) by glycoside-hydrolases of the GH70 and GH68 families. 24901216 2 67 dep O. 207:208 arg1 14 216:217 14 216:217 14 216:217 The analysis of 50 genomic sequences of O. oeni (14 already available and 36 newly sequenced ones) provided an inventory of the genes potentially involved in exopolysaccharide (EPS) biosynthesis. 24901216 2 67 dep O. 207:208 arg1 ones 260:263 36 newly sequenced ones 241:263 36 newly sequenced ones 241:263 The analysis of 50 genomic sequences of O. oeni (14 already available and 36 newly sequenced ones) provided an inventory of the genes potentially involved in exopolysaccharide (EPS) biosynthesis. 24901216 7 68 theme β-glucan 1212:1219 arg1 synthesis 1221:1229 β-glucan synthesis 1212:1229 β-glucan synthesis 1212:1229 Can be distinguished: (i) a Wzy-dependent synthetic pathway, allowing the production of heteropolysaccharides made of glucose, galactose and rhamnose, mainly in a capsular form, (ii) a glucan synthase pathway (Gtf), involved in β-glucan synthesis in a free and a cell-associated form, giving a ropy phenotype to growth media and (iii) homopolysaccharide synthesis from sucrose (α-glucan or β-fructan) by glycoside-hydrolases of the GH70 and GH68 families. 24901216 2 69 theme exopolysaccharide 325:341 arg1 biosynthesis 349:360 exopolysaccharide (EPS) biosynthesis 325:360 exopolysaccharide (EPS) biosynthesis 325:360 The analysis of 50 genomic sequences of O. oeni (14 already available and 36 newly sequenced ones) provided an inventory of the genes potentially involved in exopolysaccharide (EPS) biosynthesis. 24901216 9 70 contain possessed 1537:1545 arg1 Fifty 1505:1509 Fifty 1505:1509 Fifty 1505:1509 Fifty out of 50 studied genomes possessed several genes dedicated to EPS metabolism. 24901216 9 70 contain possessed 1537:1545 arg1 genomes 1529:1535 50 studied genomes 1518:1535 50 studied genomes 1518:1535 Fifty out of 50 studied genomes possessed several genes dedicated to EPS metabolism. 24901216 9 70 contain possessed 1537:1545 arg2 genes 1555:1559 several genes 1547:1559 several genes dedicated to EPS metabolism 1547:1587 Fifty out of 50 studied genomes possessed several genes dedicated to EPS metabolism. 24901216 7 71 theme GH68 1425:1428 arg1 families 1430:1437 the GH70 and GH68 families 1412:1437 families 1430:1437 Can be distinguished: (i) a Wzy-dependent synthetic pathway, allowing the production of heteropolysaccharides made of glucose, galactose and rhamnose, mainly in a capsular form, (ii) a glucan synthase pathway (Gtf), involved in β-glucan synthesis in a free and a cell-associated form, giving a ropy phenotype to growth media and (iii) homopolysaccharide synthesis from sucrose (α-glucan or β-fructan) by glycoside-hydrolases of the GH70 and GH68 families. 24901216 7 72 theme glucan 1169:1174 arg1 Gtf 1194:1196 Gtf 1194:1196 Gtf 1194:1196 Can be distinguished: (i) a Wzy-dependent synthetic pathway, allowing the production of heteropolysaccharides made of glucose, galactose and rhamnose, mainly in a capsular form, (ii) a glucan synthase pathway (Gtf), involved in β-glucan synthesis in a free and a cell-associated form, giving a ropy phenotype to growth media and (iii) homopolysaccharide synthesis from sucrose (α-glucan or β-fructan) by glycoside-hydrolases of the GH70 and GH68 families. 24901216 7 72 theme glucan 1169:1174 arg1 pathway 1185:1191 a glucan synthase pathway 1167:1191 (ii) a glucan synthase pathway (Gtf) 1162:1197 Can be distinguished: (i) a Wzy-dependent synthetic pathway, allowing the production of heteropolysaccharides made of glucose, galactose and rhamnose, mainly in a capsular form, (ii) a glucan synthase pathway (Gtf), involved in β-glucan synthesis in a free and a cell-associated form, giving a ropy phenotype to growth media and (iii) homopolysaccharide synthesis from sucrose (α-glucan or β-fructan) by glycoside-hydrolases of the GH70 and GH68 families. 24901216 7 72 theme glucan 1169:1174 arg1 form 1156:1159 a capsular form 1145:1159 a capsular form 1145:1159 Can be distinguished: (i) a Wzy-dependent synthetic pathway, allowing the production of heteropolysaccharides made of glucose, galactose and rhamnose, mainly in a capsular form, (ii) a glucan synthase pathway (Gtf), involved in β-glucan synthesis in a free and a cell-associated form, giving a ropy phenotype to growth media and (iii) homopolysaccharide synthesis from sucrose (α-glucan or β-fructan) by glycoside-hydrolases of the GH70 and GH68 families. 24901216 5 73 theme culture 809:815 arg1 media 817:821 different culture media 799:821 different culture media 799:821 The soluble and capsular EPS production capacity of several strains was examined after growth in different culture media and the EPS structure was determined. 24901216 7 74 theme capsular 1147:1154 arg1 form 1156:1159 a capsular form 1145:1159 a capsular form 1145:1159 Can be distinguished: (i) a Wzy-dependent synthetic pathway, allowing the production of heteropolysaccharides made of glucose, galactose and rhamnose, mainly in a capsular form, (ii) a glucan synthase pathway (Gtf), involved in β-glucan synthesis in a free and a cell-associated form, giving a ropy phenotype to growth media and (iii) homopolysaccharide synthesis from sucrose (α-glucan or β-fructan) by glycoside-hydrolases of the GH70 and GH68 families. 24901216 7 74 theme capsular 1147:1154 arg1 pathway 1185:1191 a glucan synthase pathway 1167:1191 (ii) a glucan synthase pathway (Gtf) 1162:1197 Can be distinguished: (i) a Wzy-dependent synthetic pathway, allowing the production of heteropolysaccharides made of glucose, galactose and rhamnose, mainly in a capsular form, (ii) a glucan synthase pathway (Gtf), involved in β-glucan synthesis in a free and a cell-associated form, giving a ropy phenotype to growth media and (iii) homopolysaccharide synthesis from sucrose (α-glucan or β-fructan) by glycoside-hydrolases of the GH70 and GH68 families. 24901216 7 75 theme families 1430:1437 arg1 glycoside-hydrolases 1388:1407 glycoside-hydrolases 1388:1407 glycoside-hydrolases of the GH70 and GH68 families 1388:1437 Can be distinguished: (i) a Wzy-dependent synthetic pathway, allowing the production of heteropolysaccharides made of glucose, galactose and rhamnose, mainly in a capsular form, (ii) a glucan synthase pathway (Gtf), involved in β-glucan synthesis in a free and a cell-associated form, giving a ropy phenotype to growth media and (iii) homopolysaccharide synthesis from sucrose (α-glucan or β-fructan) by glycoside-hydrolases of the GH70 and GH68 families. 27258235 0 0 theme Membranes 125:133 arg1 Antimicrobial 0:12 Antimicrobial 0:12 Antimicrobial 0:12 Antimicrobial and Physicochemical Characterization of Biodegradable, Nitric Oxide-Releasing Nanocellulose-Chitosan Packaging Membranes. 27258235 0 0 theme Membranes 125:133 arg1 Characterization 34:49 Physicochemical Characterization 18:49 Physicochemical Characterization 18:49 Antimicrobial and Physicochemical Characterization of Biodegradable, Nitric Oxide-Releasing Nanocellulose-Chitosan Packaging Membranes. 27258235 2 1 theme composite 520:528 arg1 membrane 530:537 a composite membrane 518:537 a composite membrane 518:537 As a nitric oxide donor, SNAP was encapsulated into completely dispersed chitosan in 100 mL of 0.1 N acetic acid and was thoroughly mixed with CNFs to produce a composite membrane. 27258235 4 2 with membranes 841:849 arg1 SNAP 856:859 SNAP 856:859 SNAP 856:859 The membranes prepared without SNAP showed lower water vapor permeability than that of the membranes with SNAP. 27258235 0 3 theme Packaging 115:123 arg1 Membranes 125:133 Biodegradable, Nitric Oxide-Releasing Nanocellulose-Chitosan Packaging Membranes 54:133 Biodegradable, Nitric Oxide-Releasing Nanocellulose-Chitosan Packaging Membranes 54:133 Antimicrobial and Physicochemical Characterization of Biodegradable, Nitric Oxide-Releasing Nanocellulose-Chitosan Packaging Membranes. 27258235 3 4 contain had 565:567 arg1 membranes 555:563 The fabricated membranes 540:563 The fabricated membranes 540:563 The fabricated membranes had a uniform dispersion of chitosan and SNAP within the CNFs, which was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs and a chemiluminescence nitric oxide analyzer. 27258235 3 4 contain had 565:567 arg2 dispersion 579:588 a uniform dispersion 569:588 a uniform dispersion of chitosan and SNAP 569:609 The fabricated membranes had a uniform dispersion of chitosan and SNAP within the CNFs, which was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs and a chemiluminescence nitric oxide analyzer. 27258235 3 5 theme fabricated 544:553 arg1 membranes 555:563 The fabricated membranes 540:563 The fabricated membranes 540:563 The fabricated membranes had a uniform dispersion of chitosan and SNAP within the CNFs, which was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs and a chemiluminescence nitric oxide analyzer. 27258235 3 6 theme nitric 727:732 arg1 oxide 734:738 a chemiluminescence nitric oxide 707:738 a chemiluminescence nitric oxide analyzer 707:747 The fabricated membranes had a uniform dispersion of chitosan and SNAP within the CNFs, which was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs and a chemiluminescence nitric oxide analyzer. 27258235 4 7 theme vapor 805:809 arg1 permeability 811:822 lower water vapor permeability 793:822 lower water vapor permeability 793:822 The membranes prepared without SNAP showed lower water vapor permeability than that of the membranes with SNAP. 27258235 5 8 theme membrane 955:962 arg1 configurations 964:977 three-layer membrane configurations 943:977 three-layer membrane configurations 943:977 The addition of SNAP resulted in a decrease in Young's modulus for both two- and three-layer membrane configurations. 27258235 3 9 theme chemiluminescence 709:725 arg1 oxide 734:738 a chemiluminescence nitric oxide 707:738 a chemiluminescence nitric oxide analyzer 707:747 The fabricated membranes had a uniform dispersion of chitosan and SNAP within the CNFs, which was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs and a chemiluminescence nitric oxide analyzer. 27258235 3 10 theme chitosan 593:600 arg1 dispersion 579:588 a uniform dispersion 569:588 a uniform dispersion of chitosan and SNAP 569:609 The fabricated membranes had a uniform dispersion of chitosan and SNAP within the CNFs, which was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs and a chemiluminescence nitric oxide analyzer. 27258235 4 11 theme water 799:803 arg1 permeability 811:822 lower water vapor permeability 793:822 lower water vapor permeability 793:822 The membranes prepared without SNAP showed lower water vapor permeability than that of the membranes with SNAP. 27258235 1 12 theme food 330:333 arg1 applications 345:356 food packaging applications 330:356 food packaging applications 330:356 Biodegradable composite membranes with antimicrobial properties consisting of nanocellulose fibrils (CNFs), chitosan, and S-nitroso-N-acetyl-d-penicillamine (SNAP) were developed and tested for food packaging applications. 27258235 6 13 theme aureus 1151:1156 arg1 strains 1102:1108 bacterial strains 1092:1108 bacterial strains of Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes 1092:1184 Antimicrobial property evaluation of SNAP-incorporated membranes showed an effective zone of inhibition against bacterial strains of Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes and demonstrated its potential applications for food packaging. 27258235 6 14 theme membranes 1035:1043 arg1 evaluation 1003:1012 Antimicrobial property evaluation 980:1012 Antimicrobial property evaluation of SNAP-incorporated membranes 980:1043 Antimicrobial property evaluation of SNAP-incorporated membranes showed an effective zone of inhibition against bacterial strains of Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes and demonstrated its potential applications for food packaging. 27258235 6 15 theme effective 1055:1063 arg1 zone 1065:1068 an effective zone 1052:1068 an effective zone of inhibition 1052:1082 Antimicrobial property evaluation of SNAP-incorporated membranes showed an effective zone of inhibition against bacterial strains of Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes and demonstrated its potential applications for food packaging. 27258235 3 16 theme uniform 571:577 arg1 dispersion 579:588 a uniform dispersion 569:588 a uniform dispersion of chitosan and SNAP 569:609 The fabricated membranes had a uniform dispersion of chitosan and SNAP within the CNFs, which was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs and a chemiluminescence nitric oxide analyzer. 27258235 6 17 theme SNAP-incorporated 1017:1033 arg1 membranes 1035:1043 SNAP-incorporated membranes 1017:1043 SNAP-incorporated membranes 1017:1043 Antimicrobial property evaluation of SNAP-incorporated membranes showed an effective zone of inhibition against bacterial strains of Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes and demonstrated its potential applications for food packaging. 27258235 3 18 theme SNAP 606:609 arg1 dispersion 579:588 a uniform dispersion 569:588 a uniform dispersion of chitosan and SNAP 569:609 The fabricated membranes had a uniform dispersion of chitosan and SNAP within the CNFs, which was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs and a chemiluminescence nitric oxide analyzer. 27258235 1 19 with membranes 160:168 arg1 properties 189:198 antimicrobial properties 175:198 antimicrobial properties consisting of nanocellulose fibrils (CNFs), chitosan, and S-nitroso-N-acetyl-d-penicillamine (SNAP) 175:298 Biodegradable composite membranes with antimicrobial properties consisting of nanocellulose fibrils (CNFs), chitosan, and S-nitroso-N-acetyl-d-penicillamine (SNAP) were developed and tested for food packaging applications. 27258235 1 20 theme packaging 335:343 arg1 applications 345:356 food packaging applications 330:356 food packaging applications 330:356 Biodegradable composite membranes with antimicrobial properties consisting of nanocellulose fibrils (CNFs), chitosan, and S-nitroso-N-acetyl-d-penicillamine (SNAP) were developed and tested for food packaging applications. 27258235 2 21 from chitosan 432:439 arg1 mL 448:449 100 mL 444:449 100 mL of 0.1 N acetic acid 444:470 As a nitric oxide donor, SNAP was encapsulated into completely dispersed chitosan in 100 mL of 0.1 N acetic acid and was thoroughly mixed with CNFs to produce a composite membrane. 27258235 2 22 theme oxide 371:375 arg1 SNAP 384:387 SNAP 384:387 SNAP 384:387 As a nitric oxide donor, SNAP was encapsulated into completely dispersed chitosan in 100 mL of 0.1 N acetic acid and was thoroughly mixed with CNFs to produce a composite membrane. 27258235 2 22 theme oxide 371:375 arg1 donor 377:381 a nitric oxide donor 362:381 a nitric oxide donor 362:381 As a nitric oxide donor, SNAP was encapsulated into completely dispersed chitosan in 100 mL of 0.1 N acetic acid and was thoroughly mixed with CNFs to produce a composite membrane. 27258235 6 23 theme faecalis 1126:1133 arg1 strains 1102:1108 bacterial strains 1092:1108 bacterial strains of Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes 1092:1184 Antimicrobial property evaluation of SNAP-incorporated membranes showed an effective zone of inhibition against bacterial strains of Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes and demonstrated its potential applications for food packaging. 27258235 5 24 theme three-layer 943:953 arg1 configurations 964:977 three-layer membrane configurations 943:977 three-layer membrane configurations 943:977 The addition of SNAP resulted in a decrease in Young's modulus for both two- and three-layer membrane configurations. 27258235 2 25 theme nitric 364:369 arg1 oxide 371:375 a nitric oxide 362:375 a nitric oxide donor 362:381 As a nitric oxide donor, SNAP was encapsulated into completely dispersed chitosan in 100 mL of 0.1 N acetic acid and was thoroughly mixed with CNFs to produce a composite membrane. 27258235 2 26 theme acid 467:470 arg1 mL 448:449 100 mL 444:449 100 mL of 0.1 N acetic acid 444:470 As a nitric oxide donor, SNAP was encapsulated into completely dispersed chitosan in 100 mL of 0.1 N acetic acid and was thoroughly mixed with CNFs to produce a composite membrane. 27258235 1 27 theme Biodegradable 136:148 arg1 membranes 160:168 Biodegradable composite membranes 136:168 Biodegradable composite membranes with antimicrobial properties consisting of nanocellulose fibrils (CNFs), chitosan, and S-nitroso-N-acetyl-d-penicillamine (SNAP) 136:298 Biodegradable composite membranes with antimicrobial properties consisting of nanocellulose fibrils (CNFs), chitosan, and S-nitroso-N-acetyl-d-penicillamine (SNAP) were developed and tested for food packaging applications. 27258235 2 28 theme acetic 460:465 arg1 acid 467:470 0.1 N acetic acid 454:470 0.1 N acetic acid 454:470 As a nitric oxide donor, SNAP was encapsulated into completely dispersed chitosan in 100 mL of 0.1 N acetic acid and was thoroughly mixed with CNFs to produce a composite membrane. 27258235 0 29 theme Biodegradable 54:66 arg1 Membranes 125:133 Biodegradable, Nitric Oxide-Releasing Nanocellulose-Chitosan Packaging Membranes 54:133 Biodegradable, Nitric Oxide-Releasing Nanocellulose-Chitosan Packaging Membranes 54:133 Antimicrobial and Physicochemical Characterization of Biodegradable, Nitric Oxide-Releasing Nanocellulose-Chitosan Packaging Membranes. 27258235 6 30 theme property 994:1001 arg1 evaluation 1003:1012 Antimicrobial property evaluation 980:1012 Antimicrobial property evaluation of SNAP-incorporated membranes 980:1043 Antimicrobial property evaluation of SNAP-incorporated membranes showed an effective zone of inhibition against bacterial strains of Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes and demonstrated its potential applications for food packaging. 27258235 5 31 theme SNAP 878:881 arg1 addition 866:873 The addition 862:873 The addition of SNAP 862:881 The addition of SNAP resulted in a decrease in Young's modulus for both two- and three-layer membrane configurations. 27258235 6 32 theme Antimicrobial 980:992 arg1 evaluation 1003:1012 Antimicrobial property evaluation 980:1012 Antimicrobial property evaluation of SNAP-incorporated membranes 980:1043 Antimicrobial property evaluation of SNAP-incorporated membranes showed an effective zone of inhibition against bacterial strains of Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes and demonstrated its potential applications for food packaging. 27258235 3 33 theme electron 665:672 arg1 SEM 686:688 SEM 686:688 SEM 686:688 The fabricated membranes had a uniform dispersion of chitosan and SNAP within the CNFs, which was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs and a chemiluminescence nitric oxide analyzer. 27258235 3 33 theme electron 665:672 arg1 microscopy 674:683 scanning electron microscopy 656:683 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs 656:701 The fabricated membranes had a uniform dispersion of chitosan and SNAP within the CNFs, which was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs and a chemiluminescence nitric oxide analyzer. 27258235 4 34 theme lower 793:797 arg1 permeability 811:822 lower water vapor permeability 793:822 lower water vapor permeability 793:822 The membranes prepared without SNAP showed lower water vapor permeability than that of the membranes with SNAP. 27258235 6 35 theme bacterial 1092:1100 arg1 strains 1102:1108 bacterial strains 1092:1108 bacterial strains of Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes 1092:1184 Antimicrobial property evaluation of SNAP-incorporated membranes showed an effective zone of inhibition against bacterial strains of Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes and demonstrated its potential applications for food packaging. 27258235 3 36 theme microscopy 674:683 arg1 micrographs 691:701 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs 656:701 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs 656:701 The fabricated membranes had a uniform dispersion of chitosan and SNAP within the CNFs, which was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs and a chemiluminescence nitric oxide analyzer. 27258235 0 37 dep Biodegradable 54:66 arg1 Oxide-Releasing 76:90 Oxide-Releasing 76:90 Oxide-Releasing 76:90 Antimicrobial and Physicochemical Characterization of Biodegradable, Nitric Oxide-Releasing Nanocellulose-Chitosan Packaging Membranes. 27258235 6 38 theme monocytogenes 1172:1184 arg1 strains 1102:1108 bacterial strains 1092:1108 bacterial strains of Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes 1092:1184 Antimicrobial property evaluation of SNAP-incorporated membranes showed an effective zone of inhibition against bacterial strains of Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes and demonstrated its potential applications for food packaging. 27258235 6 39 theme potential 1207:1215 arg1 applications 1217:1228 its potential applications 1203:1228 its potential applications for food packaging 1203:1247 Antimicrobial property evaluation of SNAP-incorporated membranes showed an effective zone of inhibition against bacterial strains of Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes and demonstrated its potential applications for food packaging. 27258235 1 40 theme antimicrobial 175:187 arg1 properties 189:198 antimicrobial properties 175:198 antimicrobial properties consisting of nanocellulose fibrils (CNFs), chitosan, and S-nitroso-N-acetyl-d-penicillamine (SNAP) 175:298 Biodegradable composite membranes with antimicrobial properties consisting of nanocellulose fibrils (CNFs), chitosan, and S-nitroso-N-acetyl-d-penicillamine (SNAP) were developed and tested for food packaging applications. 27258235 1 41 theme composite 150:158 arg1 membranes 160:168 Biodegradable composite membranes 136:168 Biodegradable composite membranes with antimicrobial properties consisting of nanocellulose fibrils (CNFs), chitosan, and S-nitroso-N-acetyl-d-penicillamine (SNAP) 136:298 Biodegradable composite membranes with antimicrobial properties consisting of nanocellulose fibrils (CNFs), chitosan, and S-nitroso-N-acetyl-d-penicillamine (SNAP) were developed and tested for food packaging applications. 27258235 3 42 theme scanning 656:663 arg1 SEM 686:688 SEM 686:688 SEM 686:688 The fabricated membranes had a uniform dispersion of chitosan and SNAP within the CNFs, which was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs and a chemiluminescence nitric oxide analyzer. 27258235 3 42 theme scanning 656:663 arg1 microscopy 674:683 scanning electron microscopy 656:683 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs 656:701 The fabricated membranes had a uniform dispersion of chitosan and SNAP within the CNFs, which was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs and a chemiluminescence nitric oxide analyzer. 27258235 1 43 theme nanocellulose 214:226 arg1 CNFs 237:240 CNFs 237:240 CNFs 237:240 Biodegradable composite membranes with antimicrobial properties consisting of nanocellulose fibrils (CNFs), chitosan, and S-nitroso-N-acetyl-d-penicillamine (SNAP) were developed and tested for food packaging applications. 27258235 1 43 theme nanocellulose 214:226 arg1 fibrils 228:234 nanocellulose fibrils 214:234 nanocellulose fibrils (CNFs) 214:241 Biodegradable composite membranes with antimicrobial properties consisting of nanocellulose fibrils (CNFs), chitosan, and S-nitroso-N-acetyl-d-penicillamine (SNAP) were developed and tested for food packaging applications. 27258235 6 44 theme inhibition 1073:1082 arg1 zone 1065:1068 an effective zone 1052:1068 an effective zone of inhibition 1052:1082 Antimicrobial property evaluation of SNAP-incorporated membranes showed an effective zone of inhibition against bacterial strains of Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes and demonstrated its potential applications for food packaging. 27258235 0 45 theme Nanocellulose-Chitosan 92:113 arg1 Membranes 125:133 Biodegradable, Nitric Oxide-Releasing Nanocellulose-Chitosan Packaging Membranes 54:133 Biodegradable, Nitric Oxide-Releasing Nanocellulose-Chitosan Packaging Membranes 54:133 Antimicrobial and Physicochemical Characterization of Biodegradable, Nitric Oxide-Releasing Nanocellulose-Chitosan Packaging Membranes. 27258235 6 46 theme Listeria 1163:1170 arg1 monocytogenes 1172:1184 Listeria monocytogenes 1163:1184 Listeria monocytogenes 1163:1184 Antimicrobial property evaluation of SNAP-incorporated membranes showed an effective zone of inhibition against bacterial strains of Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes and demonstrated its potential applications for food packaging. 27258235 5 47 theme Young 909:913 arg1 modulus 917:923 Young's modulus 909:923 Young's modulus for both two- and three-layer membrane configurations 909:977 The addition of SNAP resulted in a decrease in Young's modulus for both two- and three-layer membrane configurations. 27258235 6 48 theme food 1234:1237 arg1 packaging 1239:1247 food packaging 1234:1247 food packaging 1234:1247 Antimicrobial property evaluation of SNAP-incorporated membranes showed an effective zone of inhibition against bacterial strains of Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes and demonstrated its potential applications for food packaging. 27258235 3 49 theme oxide 734:738 arg1 analyzer 740:747 a chemiluminescence nitric oxide analyzer 707:747 a chemiluminescence nitric oxide analyzer 707:747 The fabricated membranes had a uniform dispersion of chitosan and SNAP within the CNFs, which was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs and a chemiluminescence nitric oxide analyzer. 27258235 0 50 theme Physicochemical 18:32 arg1 Characterization 34:49 Physicochemical Characterization 18:49 Physicochemical Characterization 18:49 Antimicrobial and Physicochemical Characterization of Biodegradable, Nitric Oxide-Releasing Nanocellulose-Chitosan Packaging Membranes. 27258235 2 51 theme dispersed 422:430 arg1 chitosan 432:439 completely dispersed chitosan 411:439 completely dispersed chitosan in 100 mL of 0.1 N acetic acid 411:470 As a nitric oxide donor, SNAP was encapsulated into completely dispersed chitosan in 100 mL of 0.1 N acetic acid and was thoroughly mixed with CNFs to produce a composite membrane. 27647384 1 0 theme figure 312:317 arg1 methods 319:325 the breath figure and reverse breath figure methods 275:325 methods 319:325 BACKGROUND This study investigated the preparation of ordered patterned surfaces and/or microspheres from a natural-based polymer, using the breath figure and reverse breath figure methods. 27647384 2 1 theme conditions 549:558 arg1 effect 533:538 the effect 529:538 the effect of these conditions on the morphology of the precipitates obtained 529:605 METHODS Poly(D,L-lactic acid) and starch poly(lactic acid) solutions were precipitated in different conditions - namely, polymer concentration, vapor atmosphere temperature and substrate - to evaluate the effect of these conditions on the morphology of the precipitates obtained. 27647384 5 2 theme standard 1065:1072 arg1 protocol 1074:1081 a simple standard protocol 1056:1081 a simple standard protocol to evaluate the possibility to use these materials in biomedical applications 1056:1159 In vitro cytotoxicity was assessed applying a simple standard protocol to evaluate the possibility to use these materials in biomedical applications. 27647384 2 3 theme Poly 336:339 arg1 solutions 387:395 METHODS Poly(D,L-lactic acid) and starch poly(lactic acid) solutions 328:395 METHODS Poly(D,L-lactic acid) and starch poly(lactic acid) solutions 328:395 METHODS Poly(D,L-lactic acid) and starch poly(lactic acid) solutions were precipitated in different conditions - namely, polymer concentration, vapor atmosphere temperature and substrate - to evaluate the effect of these conditions on the morphology of the precipitates obtained. 27647384 3 4 theme patterns 675:682 arg1 properties 651:660 the properties 647:660 the properties of the final patterns 647:682 RESULTS The possibility of fine-tuning the properties of the final patterns simply by changing the vapor atmosphere was also demonstrated here using a range of compositions of the vapor phase. 27647384 1 5 theme microspheres 226:237 arg1 preparation 177:187 the preparation 173:187 the preparation of ordered patterned surfaces and/or microspheres from a natural-based polymer 173:266 BACKGROUND This study investigated the preparation of ordered patterned surfaces and/or microspheres from a natural-based polymer, using the breath figure and reverse breath figure methods. 27647384 4 6 theme Porous 801:806 arg1 films 808:812 Porous films 801:812 Porous films 801:812 Porous films or discrete particles are formed when the differences in surface tension determine the ability of polymer solution to surround water droplets or methanol to surround polymer droplets, respectively. 27647384 2 7 theme METHODS 328:334 arg1 Poly 336:339 METHODS Poly 328:339 METHODS Poly(D,L-lactic acid) 328:356 METHODS Poly(D,L-lactic acid) and starch poly(lactic acid) solutions were precipitated in different conditions - namely, polymer concentration, vapor atmosphere temperature and substrate - to evaluate the effect of these conditions on the morphology of the precipitates obtained. 27647384 8 8 theme biomedical 1586:1595 arg1 area 1597:1600 the biomedical area 1582:1600 the biomedical area 1582:1600 The potential of these films to be used in the biomedical area was confirmed by a preliminary cytotoxicity test and by morphological observation of cell adhesion. 27647384 5 9 dep In 1012:1013 arg1 vitro 1015:1019 vitro 1015:1019 vitro 1015:1019 In vitro cytotoxicity was assessed applying a simple standard protocol to evaluate the possibility to use these materials in biomedical applications. 27647384 0 10 theme starch-poly 77:87 arg1 blend 102:106 a starch-poly(lactic acid) blend 75:106 a starch-poly(lactic acid) blend via the breath figure method 75:135 From honeycomb- to microsphere-patterned surfaces of poly(lactic acid) and a starch-poly(lactic acid) blend via the breath figure method. 27647384 2 11 dep Poly 336:339 arg1 acid 352:355 L-lactic acid 343:355 L-lactic acid 343:355 METHODS Poly(D,L-lactic acid) and starch poly(lactic acid) solutions were precipitated in different conditions - namely, polymer concentration, vapor atmosphere temperature and substrate - to evaluate the effect of these conditions on the morphology of the precipitates obtained. 27647384 2 11 dep Poly 336:339 arg1 D 341:341 D 341:341 D 341:341 METHODS Poly(D,L-lactic acid) and starch poly(lactic acid) solutions were precipitated in different conditions - namely, polymer concentration, vapor atmosphere temperature and substrate - to evaluate the effect of these conditions on the morphology of the precipitates obtained. 27647384 8 12 theme adhesion 1692:1699 arg1 observation 1672:1682 morphological observation 1658:1682 morphological observation of cell adhesion 1658:1699 The potential of these films to be used in the biomedical area was confirmed by a preliminary cytotoxicity test and by morphological observation of cell adhesion. 27647384 2 13 from precipitated 402:413 arg1 concentration 457:469 polymer concentration 449:469 polymer concentration 449:469 METHODS Poly(D,L-lactic acid) and starch poly(lactic acid) solutions were precipitated in different conditions - namely, polymer concentration, vapor atmosphere temperature and substrate - to evaluate the effect of these conditions on the morphology of the precipitates obtained. 27647384 2 13 from precipitated 402:413 arg1 conditions 428:437 different conditions 418:437 different conditions - namely, polymer concentration, vapor atmosphere temperature and substrate - to evaluate the effect of these conditions on the morphology of the precipitates obtained 418:605 METHODS Poly(D,L-lactic acid) and starch poly(lactic acid) solutions were precipitated in different conditions - namely, polymer concentration, vapor atmosphere temperature and substrate - to evaluate the effect of these conditions on the morphology of the precipitates obtained. 27647384 2 13 from precipitated 402:413 arg1 substrate 505:513 substrate 505:513 substrate 505:513 METHODS Poly(D,L-lactic acid) and starch poly(lactic acid) solutions were precipitated in different conditions - namely, polymer concentration, vapor atmosphere temperature and substrate - to evaluate the effect of these conditions on the morphology of the precipitates obtained. 27647384 2 13 from precipitated 402:413 arg1 temperature 489:499 vapor atmosphere temperature 472:499 vapor atmosphere temperature 472:499 METHODS Poly(D,L-lactic acid) and starch poly(lactic acid) solutions were precipitated in different conditions - namely, polymer concentration, vapor atmosphere temperature and substrate - to evaluate the effect of these conditions on the morphology of the precipitates obtained. 27647384 4 14 theme discrete 817:824 arg1 particles 826:834 discrete particles 817:834 discrete particles 817:834 Porous films or discrete particles are formed when the differences in surface tension determine the ability of polymer solution to surround water droplets or methanol to surround polymer droplets, respectively. 27647384 2 15 theme precipitates 585:596 arg1 morphology 567:576 the morphology 563:576 the morphology of the precipitates obtained 563:605 METHODS Poly(D,L-lactic acid) and starch poly(lactic acid) solutions were precipitated in different conditions - namely, polymer concentration, vapor atmosphere temperature and substrate - to evaluate the effect of these conditions on the morphology of the precipitates obtained. 27647384 7 16 theme breath 1395:1400 arg1 method 1409:1414 the breath figure method 1391:1414 the breath figure method 1391:1414 CONCLUSIONS The development of patterned surfaces using the breath figure method was tested in this work for the preparation of both poly(lactic acid) and a blend containing starch and poly(lactic acid). 27647384 7 17 theme blend 1492:1496 arg1 preparation 1448:1458 the preparation 1444:1458 the preparation of both poly(lactic acid) and a blend containing starch and poly(lactic acid) 1444:1536 CONCLUSIONS The development of patterned surfaces using the breath figure method was tested in this work for the preparation of both poly(lactic acid) and a blend containing starch and poly(lactic acid). 27647384 1 18 theme natural-based 246:258 arg1 polymer 260:266 a natural-based polymer 244:266 a natural-based polymer 244:266 BACKGROUND This study investigated the preparation of ordered patterned surfaces and/or microspheres from a natural-based polymer, using the breath figure and reverse breath figure methods. 27647384 0 19 theme lactic 89:94 arg1 acid 96:99 lactic acid 89:99 lactic acid 89:99 From honeycomb- to microsphere-patterned surfaces of poly(lactic acid) and a starch-poly(lactic acid) blend via the breath figure method. 27647384 6 20 theme cells 1231:1235 arg1 interaction 1216:1226 a good interaction 1209:1226 a good interaction of cells with the material, which were able to adhere on the patterned surfaces after 24 hours in culture 1209:1332 Moreover, fluorescent microscopy images showed a good interaction of cells with the material, which were able to adhere on the patterned surfaces after 24 hours in culture. 27647384 0 21 dep starch-poly 77:87 arg1 acid 96:99 lactic acid 89:99 lactic acid 89:99 From honeycomb- to microsphere-patterned surfaces of poly(lactic acid) and a starch-poly(lactic acid) blend via the breath figure method. 27647384 4 22 from differences 856:866 arg1 tension 879:885 surface tension 871:885 surface tension 871:885 Porous films or discrete particles are formed when the differences in surface tension determine the ability of polymer solution to surround water droplets or methanol to surround polymer droplets, respectively. 27647384 2 23 theme polymer 449:455 arg1 concentration 457:469 polymer concentration 449:469 polymer concentration 449:469 METHODS Poly(D,L-lactic acid) and starch poly(lactic acid) solutions were precipitated in different conditions - namely, polymer concentration, vapor atmosphere temperature and substrate - to evaluate the effect of these conditions on the morphology of the precipitates obtained. 27647384 2 23 theme polymer 449:455 arg1 conditions 428:437 different conditions 418:437 different conditions - namely, polymer concentration, vapor atmosphere temperature and substrate - to evaluate the effect of these conditions on the morphology of the precipitates obtained 418:605 METHODS Poly(D,L-lactic acid) and starch poly(lactic acid) solutions were precipitated in different conditions - namely, polymer concentration, vapor atmosphere temperature and substrate - to evaluate the effect of these conditions on the morphology of the precipitates obtained. 27647384 5 24 theme simple 1058:1063 arg1 protocol 1074:1081 a simple standard protocol 1056:1081 a simple standard protocol to evaluate the possibility to use these materials in biomedical applications 1056:1159 In vitro cytotoxicity was assessed applying a simple standard protocol to evaluate the possibility to use these materials in biomedical applications. 27647384 3 25 dep RESULTS 608:614 arg1 demonstrated 733:744 demonstrated 733:744 was also demonstrated here using a range of compositions of the vapor phase 724:798 RESULTS The possibility of fine-tuning the properties of the final patterns simply by changing the vapor atmosphere was also demonstrated here using a range of compositions of the vapor phase. 27647384 4 26 theme polymer 912:918 arg1 solution 920:927 polymer solution 912:927 polymer solution 912:927 Porous films or discrete particles are formed when the differences in surface tension determine the ability of polymer solution to surround water droplets or methanol to surround polymer droplets, respectively. 27647384 3 27 theme final 669:673 arg1 patterns 675:682 the final patterns 665:682 the final patterns 665:682 RESULTS The possibility of fine-tuning the properties of the final patterns simply by changing the vapor atmosphere was also demonstrated here using a range of compositions of the vapor phase. 27647384 1 28 from polymer 260:266 arg1 preparation 177:187 the preparation 173:187 the preparation of ordered patterned surfaces and/or microspheres from a natural-based polymer 173:266 BACKGROUND This study investigated the preparation of ordered patterned surfaces and/or microspheres from a natural-based polymer, using the breath figure and reverse breath figure methods. 27647384 2 29 theme L-lactic 343:350 arg1 acid 352:355 L-lactic acid 343:355 L-lactic acid 343:355 METHODS Poly(D,L-lactic acid) and starch poly(lactic acid) solutions were precipitated in different conditions - namely, polymer concentration, vapor atmosphere temperature and substrate - to evaluate the effect of these conditions on the morphology of the precipitates obtained. 27647384 2 29 theme L-lactic 343:350 arg1 D 341:341 D 341:341 D 341:341 METHODS Poly(D,L-lactic acid) and starch poly(lactic acid) solutions were precipitated in different conditions - namely, polymer concentration, vapor atmosphere temperature and substrate - to evaluate the effect of these conditions on the morphology of the precipitates obtained. 27647384 6 30 theme good 1211:1214 arg1 interaction 1216:1226 a good interaction 1209:1226 a good interaction of cells with the material, which were able to adhere on the patterned surfaces after 24 hours in culture 1209:1332 Moreover, fluorescent microscopy images showed a good interaction of cells with the material, which were able to adhere on the patterned surfaces after 24 hours in culture. 27647384 7 31 theme patterned 1366:1374 arg1 surfaces 1376:1383 patterned surfaces 1366:1383 patterned surfaces using the breath figure method 1366:1414 CONCLUSIONS The development of patterned surfaces using the breath figure method was tested in this work for the preparation of both poly(lactic acid) and a blend containing starch and poly(lactic acid). 27647384 8 32 theme preliminary 1621:1631 arg1 test 1646:1649 a preliminary cytotoxicity test 1619:1649 a preliminary cytotoxicity test 1619:1649 The potential of these films to be used in the biomedical area was confirmed by a preliminary cytotoxicity test and by morphological observation of cell adhesion. 27647384 7 33 theme figure 1402:1407 arg1 method 1409:1414 the breath figure method 1391:1414 the breath figure method 1391:1414 CONCLUSIONS The development of patterned surfaces using the breath figure method was tested in this work for the preparation of both poly(lactic acid) and a blend containing starch and poly(lactic acid). 27647384 0 34 theme microsphere-patterned 19:39 arg1 surfaces 41:48 microsphere-patterned surfaces 19:48 microsphere-patterned surfaces of poly(lactic acid) 19:69 From honeycomb- to microsphere-patterned surfaces of poly(lactic acid) and a starch-poly(lactic acid) blend via the breath figure method. 27647384 2 35 from effect 533:538 arg1 morphology 567:576 the morphology 563:576 the morphology of the precipitates obtained 563:605 METHODS Poly(D,L-lactic acid) and starch poly(lactic acid) solutions were precipitated in different conditions - namely, polymer concentration, vapor atmosphere temperature and substrate - to evaluate the effect of these conditions on the morphology of the precipitates obtained. 27647384 6 36 theme patterned 1289:1297 arg1 surfaces 1299:1306 the patterned surfaces 1285:1306 the patterned surfaces 1285:1306 Moreover, fluorescent microscopy images showed a good interaction of cells with the material, which were able to adhere on the patterned surfaces after 24 hours in culture. 27647384 0 37 dep surfaces 41:48 arg1 honeycomb- 5:14 honeycomb- 5:14 honeycomb- 5:14 From honeycomb- to microsphere-patterned surfaces of poly(lactic acid) and a starch-poly(lactic acid) blend via the breath figure method. 27647384 3 38 theme compositions 768:779 arg1 range 759:763 a range 757:763 a range of compositions of the vapor phase 757:798 RESULTS The possibility of fine-tuning the properties of the final patterns simply by changing the vapor atmosphere was also demonstrated here using a range of compositions of the vapor phase. 27647384 2 39 theme lactic 374:379 arg1 poly 369:372 starch poly 362:372 starch poly(lactic acid) 362:385 METHODS Poly(D,L-lactic acid) and starch poly(lactic acid) solutions were precipitated in different conditions - namely, polymer concentration, vapor atmosphere temperature and substrate - to evaluate the effect of these conditions on the morphology of the precipitates obtained. 27647384 2 39 theme lactic 374:379 arg1 acid 381:384 lactic acid 374:384 lactic acid 374:384 METHODS Poly(D,L-lactic acid) and starch poly(lactic acid) solutions were precipitated in different conditions - namely, polymer concentration, vapor atmosphere temperature and substrate - to evaluate the effect of these conditions on the morphology of the precipitates obtained. 27647384 5 40 theme biomedical 1137:1146 arg1 applications 1148:1159 biomedical applications 1137:1159 biomedical applications 1137:1159 In vitro cytotoxicity was assessed applying a simple standard protocol to evaluate the possibility to use these materials in biomedical applications. 27647384 7 41 theme surfaces 1376:1383 arg1 development 1351:1361 The development 1347:1361 CONCLUSIONS The development of patterned surfaces using the breath figure method 1335:1414 CONCLUSIONS The development of patterned surfaces using the breath figure method was tested in this work for the preparation of both poly(lactic acid) and a blend containing starch and poly(lactic acid). 27647384 4 42 theme surface 871:877 arg1 tension 879:885 surface tension 871:885 surface tension 871:885 Porous films or discrete particles are formed when the differences in surface tension determine the ability of polymer solution to surround water droplets or methanol to surround polymer droplets, respectively. 27647384 8 43 theme cytotoxicity 1633:1644 arg1 test 1646:1649 a preliminary cytotoxicity test 1619:1649 a preliminary cytotoxicity test 1619:1649 The potential of these films to be used in the biomedical area was confirmed by a preliminary cytotoxicity test and by morphological observation of cell adhesion. 27647384 2 44 theme poly 369:372 arg1 solutions 387:395 METHODS Poly(D,L-lactic acid) and starch poly(lactic acid) solutions 328:395 METHODS Poly(D,L-lactic acid) and starch poly(lactic acid) solutions 328:395 METHODS Poly(D,L-lactic acid) and starch poly(lactic acid) solutions were precipitated in different conditions - namely, polymer concentration, vapor atmosphere temperature and substrate - to evaluate the effect of these conditions on the morphology of the precipitates obtained. 27647384 2 45 theme different 418:426 arg1 concentration 457:469 polymer concentration 449:469 polymer concentration 449:469 METHODS Poly(D,L-lactic acid) and starch poly(lactic acid) solutions were precipitated in different conditions - namely, polymer concentration, vapor atmosphere temperature and substrate - to evaluate the effect of these conditions on the morphology of the precipitates obtained. 27647384 2 45 theme different 418:426 arg1 conditions 428:437 different conditions 418:437 different conditions - namely, polymer concentration, vapor atmosphere temperature and substrate - to evaluate the effect of these conditions on the morphology of the precipitates obtained 418:605 METHODS Poly(D,L-lactic acid) and starch poly(lactic acid) solutions were precipitated in different conditions - namely, polymer concentration, vapor atmosphere temperature and substrate - to evaluate the effect of these conditions on the morphology of the precipitates obtained. 27647384 2 45 theme different 418:426 arg1 substrate 505:513 substrate 505:513 substrate 505:513 METHODS Poly(D,L-lactic acid) and starch poly(lactic acid) solutions were precipitated in different conditions - namely, polymer concentration, vapor atmosphere temperature and substrate - to evaluate the effect of these conditions on the morphology of the precipitates obtained. 27647384 2 45 theme different 418:426 arg1 temperature 489:499 vapor atmosphere temperature 472:499 vapor atmosphere temperature 472:499 METHODS Poly(D,L-lactic acid) and starch poly(lactic acid) solutions were precipitated in different conditions - namely, polymer concentration, vapor atmosphere temperature and substrate - to evaluate the effect of these conditions on the morphology of the precipitates obtained. 27647384 7 46 theme lactic 1473:1478 arg1 poly 1468:1471 poly 1468:1471 poly(lactic acid) 1468:1484 CONCLUSIONS The development of patterned surfaces using the breath figure method was tested in this work for the preparation of both poly(lactic acid) and a blend containing starch and poly(lactic acid). 27647384 7 46 theme lactic 1473:1478 arg1 acid 1480:1483 lactic acid 1473:1483 lactic acid 1473:1483 CONCLUSIONS The development of patterned surfaces using the breath figure method was tested in this work for the preparation of both poly(lactic acid) and a blend containing starch and poly(lactic acid). 27647384 2 47 from conditions 428:437 arg1 precipitated 402:413 precipitated 402:413 precipitated 402:413 METHODS Poly(D,L-lactic acid) and starch poly(lactic acid) solutions were precipitated in different conditions - namely, polymer concentration, vapor atmosphere temperature and substrate - to evaluate the effect of these conditions on the morphology of the precipitates obtained. 27647384 7 48 dep CONCLUSIONS 1335:1345 arg1 development 1351:1361 The development 1347:1361 CONCLUSIONS The development of patterned surfaces using the breath figure method 1335:1414 CONCLUSIONS The development of patterned surfaces using the breath figure method was tested in this work for the preparation of both poly(lactic acid) and a blend containing starch and poly(lactic acid). 27647384 2 49 theme starch 362:367 arg1 poly 369:372 starch poly 362:372 starch poly(lactic acid) 362:385 METHODS Poly(D,L-lactic acid) and starch poly(lactic acid) solutions were precipitated in different conditions - namely, polymer concentration, vapor atmosphere temperature and substrate - to evaluate the effect of these conditions on the morphology of the precipitates obtained. 27647384 2 49 theme starch 362:367 arg1 acid 381:384 lactic acid 374:384 lactic acid 374:384 METHODS Poly(D,L-lactic acid) and starch poly(lactic acid) solutions were precipitated in different conditions - namely, polymer concentration, vapor atmosphere temperature and substrate - to evaluate the effect of these conditions on the morphology of the precipitates obtained. 27647384 4 50 theme water 941:945 arg1 droplets 947:954 water droplets 941:954 water droplets 941:954 Porous films or discrete particles are formed when the differences in surface tension determine the ability of polymer solution to surround water droplets or methanol to surround polymer droplets, respectively. 27647384 1 51 theme breath 279:284 arg1 figure 286:291 the breath figure and reverse breath figure methods 275:325 figure 286:291 BACKGROUND This study investigated the preparation of ordered patterned surfaces and/or microspheres from a natural-based polymer, using the breath figure and reverse breath figure methods. 27647384 2 52 theme atmosphere 478:487 arg1 conditions 428:437 different conditions 418:437 different conditions - namely, polymer concentration, vapor atmosphere temperature and substrate - to evaluate the effect of these conditions on the morphology of the precipitates obtained 418:605 METHODS Poly(D,L-lactic acid) and starch poly(lactic acid) solutions were precipitated in different conditions - namely, polymer concentration, vapor atmosphere temperature and substrate - to evaluate the effect of these conditions on the morphology of the precipitates obtained. 27647384 2 52 theme atmosphere 478:487 arg1 temperature 489:499 vapor atmosphere temperature 472:499 vapor atmosphere temperature 472:499 METHODS Poly(D,L-lactic acid) and starch poly(lactic acid) solutions were precipitated in different conditions - namely, polymer concentration, vapor atmosphere temperature and substrate - to evaluate the effect of these conditions on the morphology of the precipitates obtained. 27647384 7 53 theme poly 1468:1471 arg1 preparation 1448:1458 the preparation 1444:1458 the preparation of both poly(lactic acid) and a blend containing starch and poly(lactic acid) 1444:1536 CONCLUSIONS The development of patterned surfaces using the breath figure method was tested in this work for the preparation of both poly(lactic acid) and a blend containing starch and poly(lactic acid). 27647384 7 54 theme lactic 1525:1530 arg1 acid 1532:1535 lactic acid 1525:1535 lactic acid 1525:1535 CONCLUSIONS The development of patterned surfaces using the breath figure method was tested in this work for the preparation of both poly(lactic acid) and a blend containing starch and poly(lactic acid). 27647384 7 54 theme lactic 1525:1530 arg1 poly 1520:1523 poly 1520:1523 poly(lactic acid) 1520:1536 CONCLUSIONS The development of patterned surfaces using the breath figure method was tested in this work for the preparation of both poly(lactic acid) and a blend containing starch and poly(lactic acid). 27647384 2 55 theme vapor 472:476 arg1 conditions 428:437 different conditions 418:437 different conditions - namely, polymer concentration, vapor atmosphere temperature and substrate - to evaluate the effect of these conditions on the morphology of the precipitates obtained 418:605 METHODS Poly(D,L-lactic acid) and starch poly(lactic acid) solutions were precipitated in different conditions - namely, polymer concentration, vapor atmosphere temperature and substrate - to evaluate the effect of these conditions on the morphology of the precipitates obtained. 27647384 2 55 theme vapor 472:476 arg1 temperature 489:499 vapor atmosphere temperature 472:499 vapor atmosphere temperature 472:499 METHODS Poly(D,L-lactic acid) and starch poly(lactic acid) solutions were precipitated in different conditions - namely, polymer concentration, vapor atmosphere temperature and substrate - to evaluate the effect of these conditions on the morphology of the precipitates obtained. 27647384 0 56 theme breath 116:121 arg1 method 130:135 the breath figure method 112:135 the breath figure method 112:135 From honeycomb- to microsphere-patterned surfaces of poly(lactic acid) and a starch-poly(lactic acid) blend via the breath figure method. 27647384 3 57 theme vapor 707:711 arg1 atmosphere 713:722 the vapor atmosphere 703:722 the vapor atmosphere 703:722 RESULTS The possibility of fine-tuning the properties of the final patterns simply by changing the vapor atmosphere was also demonstrated here using a range of compositions of the vapor phase. 27647384 6 58 from hours 1317:1321 arg1 culture 1326:1332 culture 1326:1332 culture 1326:1332 Moreover, fluorescent microscopy images showed a good interaction of cells with the material, which were able to adhere on the patterned surfaces after 24 hours in culture. 27647384 0 59 theme poly 53:56 arg1 blend 102:106 a starch-poly(lactic acid) blend 75:106 a starch-poly(lactic acid) blend via the breath figure method 75:135 From honeycomb- to microsphere-patterned surfaces of poly(lactic acid) and a starch-poly(lactic acid) blend via the breath figure method. 27647384 0 59 theme poly 53:56 arg1 surfaces 41:48 microsphere-patterned surfaces 19:48 microsphere-patterned surfaces of poly(lactic acid) 19:69 From honeycomb- to microsphere-patterned surfaces of poly(lactic acid) and a starch-poly(lactic acid) blend via the breath figure method. 27647384 2 60 dep conditions 428:437 arg1 concentration 457:469 polymer concentration 449:469 polymer concentration 449:469 METHODS Poly(D,L-lactic acid) and starch poly(lactic acid) solutions were precipitated in different conditions - namely, polymer concentration, vapor atmosphere temperature and substrate - to evaluate the effect of these conditions on the morphology of the precipitates obtained. 27647384 2 60 dep conditions 428:437 arg1 conditions 428:437 different conditions 418:437 different conditions - namely, polymer concentration, vapor atmosphere temperature and substrate - to evaluate the effect of these conditions on the morphology of the precipitates obtained 418:605 METHODS Poly(D,L-lactic acid) and starch poly(lactic acid) solutions were precipitated in different conditions - namely, polymer concentration, vapor atmosphere temperature and substrate - to evaluate the effect of these conditions on the morphology of the precipitates obtained. 27647384 2 60 dep conditions 428:437 arg1 substrate 505:513 substrate 505:513 substrate 505:513 METHODS Poly(D,L-lactic acid) and starch poly(lactic acid) solutions were precipitated in different conditions - namely, polymer concentration, vapor atmosphere temperature and substrate - to evaluate the effect of these conditions on the morphology of the precipitates obtained. 27647384 2 60 dep conditions 428:437 arg1 temperature 489:499 vapor atmosphere temperature 472:499 vapor atmosphere temperature 472:499 METHODS Poly(D,L-lactic acid) and starch poly(lactic acid) solutions were precipitated in different conditions - namely, polymer concentration, vapor atmosphere temperature and substrate - to evaluate the effect of these conditions on the morphology of the precipitates obtained. 27647384 1 61 dep BACKGROUND 138:147 arg1 investigated 160:171 investigated 160:171 investigated 160:171 BACKGROUND This study investigated the preparation of ordered patterned surfaces and/or microspheres from a natural-based polymer, using the breath figure and reverse breath figure methods. 27647384 8 62 theme films 1562:1566 arg1 potential 1543:1551 The potential 1539:1551 The potential of these films to be used in the biomedical area 1539:1600 The potential of these films to be used in the biomedical area was confirmed by a preliminary cytotoxicity test and by morphological observation of cell adhesion. 27647384 1 63 theme reverse 297:303 arg1 methods 319:325 the breath figure and reverse breath figure methods 275:325 methods 319:325 BACKGROUND This study investigated the preparation of ordered patterned surfaces and/or microspheres from a natural-based polymer, using the breath figure and reverse breath figure methods. 27647384 6 64 theme fluorescent 1172:1182 arg1 microscopy 1184:1193 fluorescent microscopy images 1172:1200 fluorescent microscopy images 1172:1200 Moreover, fluorescent microscopy images showed a good interaction of cells with the material, which were able to adhere on the patterned surfaces after 24 hours in culture. 27647384 8 65 theme morphological 1658:1670 arg1 observation 1672:1682 morphological observation 1658:1682 morphological observation of cell adhesion 1658:1699 The potential of these films to be used in the biomedical area was confirmed by a preliminary cytotoxicity test and by morphological observation of cell adhesion. 27647384 1 66 theme ordered 192:198 arg1 surfaces 210:217 ordered patterned surfaces 192:217 ordered patterned surfaces 192:217 BACKGROUND This study investigated the preparation of ordered patterned surfaces and/or microspheres from a natural-based polymer, using the breath figure and reverse breath figure methods. 27647384 0 67 theme figure 123:128 arg1 method 130:135 the breath figure method 112:135 the breath figure method 112:135 From honeycomb- to microsphere-patterned surfaces of poly(lactic acid) and a starch-poly(lactic acid) blend via the breath figure method. 27647384 7 68 contain containing 1498:1507 arg2 poly 1520:1523 poly 1520:1523 poly(lactic acid) 1520:1536 CONCLUSIONS The development of patterned surfaces using the breath figure method was tested in this work for the preparation of both poly(lactic acid) and a blend containing starch and poly(lactic acid). 27647384 7 68 contain containing 1498:1507 arg2 starch 1509:1514 starch 1509:1514 starch 1509:1514 CONCLUSIONS The development of patterned surfaces using the breath figure method was tested in this work for the preparation of both poly(lactic acid) and a blend containing starch and poly(lactic acid). 27647384 7 68 contain containing 1498:1507 arg1 blend 1492:1496 a blend 1490:1496 a blend containing starch and poly(lactic acid) 1490:1536 CONCLUSIONS The development of patterned surfaces using the breath figure method was tested in this work for the preparation of both poly(lactic acid) and a blend containing starch and poly(lactic acid). 27647384 7 68 contain containing 1498:1507 arg2 acid 1532:1535 lactic acid 1525:1535 lactic acid 1525:1535 CONCLUSIONS The development of patterned surfaces using the breath figure method was tested in this work for the preparation of both poly(lactic acid) and a blend containing starch and poly(lactic acid). 27647384 8 69 theme cell 1687:1690 arg1 adhesion 1692:1699 cell adhesion 1687:1699 cell adhesion 1687:1699 The potential of these films to be used in the biomedical area was confirmed by a preliminary cytotoxicity test and by morphological observation of cell adhesion. 27647384 3 70 theme vapor 788:792 arg1 phase 794:798 the vapor phase 784:798 the vapor phase 784:798 RESULTS The possibility of fine-tuning the properties of the final patterns simply by changing the vapor atmosphere was also demonstrated here using a range of compositions of the vapor phase. 27647384 1 71 theme patterned 200:208 arg1 surfaces 210:217 ordered patterned surfaces 192:217 ordered patterned surfaces 192:217 BACKGROUND This study investigated the preparation of ordered patterned surfaces and/or microspheres from a natural-based polymer, using the breath figure and reverse breath figure methods. 27647384 4 72 theme solution 920:927 arg1 ability 901:907 the ability 897:907 the ability of polymer solution to surround water droplets or methanol to surround polymer droplets, respectively 897:1009 Porous films or discrete particles are formed when the differences in surface tension determine the ability of polymer solution to surround water droplets or methanol to surround polymer droplets, respectively. 27647384 5 73 theme In 1012:1013 arg1 cytotoxicity 1021:1032 In vitro cytotoxicity 1012:1032 In vitro cytotoxicity 1012:1032 In vitro cytotoxicity was assessed applying a simple standard protocol to evaluate the possibility to use these materials in biomedical applications. 27647384 3 74 theme phase 794:798 arg1 compositions 768:779 compositions 768:779 compositions of the vapor phase 768:798 RESULTS The possibility of fine-tuning the properties of the final patterns simply by changing the vapor atmosphere was also demonstrated here using a range of compositions of the vapor phase. 27647384 1 75 theme surfaces 210:217 arg1 preparation 177:187 the preparation 173:187 the preparation of ordered patterned surfaces and/or microspheres from a natural-based polymer 173:266 BACKGROUND This study investigated the preparation of ordered patterned surfaces and/or microspheres from a natural-based polymer, using the breath figure and reverse breath figure methods. 27647384 0 76 theme lactic 58:63 arg1 poly 53:56 poly 53:56 poly(lactic acid) 53:69 From honeycomb- to microsphere-patterned surfaces of poly(lactic acid) and a starch-poly(lactic acid) blend via the breath figure method. 27647384 0 76 theme lactic 58:63 arg1 acid 65:68 lactic acid 58:68 lactic acid 58:68 From honeycomb- to microsphere-patterned surfaces of poly(lactic acid) and a starch-poly(lactic acid) blend via the breath figure method. 27647384 1 77 theme breath 305:310 arg1 methods 319:325 the breath figure and reverse breath figure methods 275:325 methods 319:325 BACKGROUND This study investigated the preparation of ordered patterned surfaces and/or microspheres from a natural-based polymer, using the breath figure and reverse breath figure methods. 27647384 4 78 theme polymer 980:986 arg1 droplets 988:995 polymer droplets 980:995 polymer droplets 980:995 Porous films or discrete particles are formed when the differences in surface tension determine the ability of polymer solution to surround water droplets or methanol to surround polymer droplets, respectively. 27647384 6 79 dep microscopy 1184:1193 arg1 images 1195:1200 images 1195:1200 images 1195:1200 Moreover, fluorescent microscopy images showed a good interaction of cells with the material, which were able to adhere on the patterned surfaces after 24 hours in culture. 27647384 6 80 with interaction 1216:1226 arg1 able 1267:1270 able 1267:1270 able 1267:1270 Moreover, fluorescent microscopy images showed a good interaction of cells with the material, which were able to adhere on the patterned surfaces after 24 hours in culture. 27647384 6 80 with interaction 1216:1226 arg1 material 1246:1253 the material 1242:1253 the material 1242:1253 Moreover, fluorescent microscopy images showed a good interaction of cells with the material, which were able to adhere on the patterned surfaces after 24 hours in culture. 27706083 8 0 theme alcohols 1520:1527 arg1 concentrations 1495:1508 lower concentrations 1489:1508 lower concentrations of higher alcohols (apart from 1-propanol) 1489:1551 The distillates obtained under industrial conditions contained lower concentrations of higher alcohols (apart from 1-propanol) than those obtained on a semi-technical scale. 27706083 0 1 theme Starch 176:181 arg1 Source 143:148 a Source 141:148 a Source of Amylolytic Enzymes and Starch 141:181 Fermentation Results and Chemical Composition of Agricultural Distillates Obtained from Rye and Barley Grains and the Corresponding Malts as a Source of Amylolytic Enzymes and Starch. 27706083 7 2 theme agricultural 1214:1225 arg1 distillates 1227:1237 All agricultural distillates 1210:1237 All agricultural distillates originating from mashes containing rye and barley grains and the corresponding malts 1210:1322 All agricultural distillates originating from mashes containing rye and barley grains and the corresponding malts were characterized by low concentrations of undesirable compounds, such as acetaldehyde and methanol. 27706083 7 3 contain containing 1263:1272 arg2 grains 1289:1294 rye and barley grains 1274:1294 rye and barley grains 1274:1294 All agricultural distillates originating from mashes containing rye and barley grains and the corresponding malts were characterized by low concentrations of undesirable compounds, such as acetaldehyde and methanol. 27706083 7 3 contain containing 1263:1272 arg1 mashes 1256:1261 mashes 1256:1261 mashes containing rye and barley grains 1256:1294 All agricultural distillates originating from mashes containing rye and barley grains and the corresponding malts were characterized by low concentrations of undesirable compounds, such as acetaldehyde and methanol. 27706083 0 4 theme Rye 88:90 arg1 Grains 103:108 Rye and Barley Grains 88:108 Rye and Barley Grains 88:108 Fermentation Results and Chemical Composition of Agricultural Distillates Obtained from Rye and Barley Grains and the Corresponding Malts as a Source of Amylolytic Enzymes and Starch. 27706083 7 5 theme undesirable 1368:1378 arg1 compounds 1380:1388 undesirable compounds 1368:1388 undesirable compounds 1368:1388 All agricultural distillates originating from mashes containing rye and barley grains and the corresponding malts were characterized by low concentrations of undesirable compounds, such as acetaldehyde and methanol. 27706083 7 5 theme undesirable 1368:1378 arg1 methanol 1416:1423 methanol 1416:1423 methanol 1416:1423 All agricultural distillates originating from mashes containing rye and barley grains and the corresponding malts were characterized by low concentrations of undesirable compounds, such as acetaldehyde and methanol. 27706083 7 5 theme undesirable 1368:1378 arg1 acetaldehyde 1399:1410 acetaldehyde 1399:1410 acetaldehyde 1399:1410 All agricultural distillates originating from mashes containing rye and barley grains and the corresponding malts were characterized by low concentrations of undesirable compounds, such as acetaldehyde and methanol. 27706083 2 6 theme mashes 575:580 arg1 composition 547:557 the physicochemical composition 527:557 the physicochemical composition of the prepared mashes, fermentation results, and the composition of the obtained distillates 527:651 In addition, the effects of the pretreatment method of unmalted cereal grains on the physicochemical composition of the prepared mashes, fermentation results, and the composition of the obtained distillates were investigated. 27706083 8 7 theme industrial 1457:1466 arg1 conditions 1468:1477 industrial conditions 1457:1477 industrial conditions 1457:1477 The distillates obtained under industrial conditions contained lower concentrations of higher alcohols (apart from 1-propanol) than those obtained on a semi-technical scale. 27706083 2 8 theme prepared 566:573 arg1 mashes 575:580 the prepared mashes 562:580 the prepared mashes 562:580 In addition, the effects of the pretreatment method of unmalted cereal grains on the physicochemical composition of the prepared mashes, fermentation results, and the composition of the obtained distillates were investigated. 27706083 2 9 theme composition 613:623 arg1 composition 547:557 the physicochemical composition 527:557 the physicochemical composition of the prepared mashes, fermentation results, and the composition of the obtained distillates 527:651 In addition, the effects of the pretreatment method of unmalted cereal grains on the physicochemical composition of the prepared mashes, fermentation results, and the composition of the obtained distillates were investigated. 27706083 6 10 theme ethanol 1109:1115 arg1 content 1117:1123 higher ethanol content 1102:1123 higher ethanol content in mashes in comparison with samples subjected to pressureless liberation of starch 1102:1207 Pressure-thermal treatment of unmalted cereals, and especially rye grains, resulted in higher ethanol content in mashes in comparison with samples subjected to pressureless liberation of starch. 27706083 1 11 theme rye 247:249 arg1 efficiency 233:242 the efficiency 229:242 the efficiency of rye and barley starch hydrolysis in mashing processes using cereal malts as a source of amylolytic enzymes and starch 229:363 The objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of rye and barley starch hydrolysis in mashing processes using cereal malts as a source of amylolytic enzymes and starch, and to establish the volatile profile of the obtained agricultural distillates. 27706083 0 12 theme Barley 96:101 arg1 Grains 103:108 Rye and Barley Grains 88:108 Rye and Barley Grains 88:108 Fermentation Results and Chemical Composition of Agricultural Distillates Obtained from Rye and Barley Grains and the Corresponding Malts as a Source of Amylolytic Enzymes and Starch. 27706083 3 13 theme unmalted 700:707 arg1 grains 724:729 unmalted rye and barley grains 700:729 unmalted rye and barley grains 700:729 The raw materials used were unmalted rye and barley grains, as well as the corresponding malts. 27706083 3 13 theme unmalted 700:707 arg1 materials 680:688 The raw materials 672:688 The raw materials used 672:693 The raw materials used were unmalted rye and barley grains, as well as the corresponding malts. 27706083 1 14 theme obtained 411:418 arg1 distillates 433:443 the obtained agricultural distillates 407:443 the obtained agricultural distillates 407:443 The objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of rye and barley starch hydrolysis in mashing processes using cereal malts as a source of amylolytic enzymes and starch, and to establish the volatile profile of the obtained agricultural distillates. 27706083 5 15 theme sweet 936:940 arg1 mashes 942:947 sweet mashes 936:947 sweet mashes 936:947 The fermentable sugars present in sweet mashes mostly consisted of maltose, followed by glucose and maltotriose. 27706083 2 16 theme pretreatment 478:489 arg1 method 491:496 the pretreatment method 474:496 the pretreatment method of unmalted cereal grains 474:522 In addition, the effects of the pretreatment method of unmalted cereal grains on the physicochemical composition of the prepared mashes, fermentation results, and the composition of the obtained distillates were investigated. 27706083 1 17 theme amylolytic 335:344 arg1 enzymes 346:352 amylolytic enzymes 335:352 amylolytic enzymes 335:352 The objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of rye and barley starch hydrolysis in mashing processes using cereal malts as a source of amylolytic enzymes and starch, and to establish the volatile profile of the obtained agricultural distillates. 27706083 2 18 theme grains 517:522 arg1 method 491:496 the pretreatment method 474:496 the pretreatment method of unmalted cereal grains 474:522 In addition, the effects of the pretreatment method of unmalted cereal grains on the physicochemical composition of the prepared mashes, fermentation results, and the composition of the obtained distillates were investigated. 27706083 1 19 theme agricultural 420:431 arg1 distillates 433:443 the obtained agricultural distillates 407:443 the obtained agricultural distillates 407:443 The objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of rye and barley starch hydrolysis in mashing processes using cereal malts as a source of amylolytic enzymes and starch, and to establish the volatile profile of the obtained agricultural distillates. 27706083 7 20 theme corresponding 1304:1316 arg1 malts 1318:1322 the corresponding malts 1300:1322 the corresponding malts 1300:1322 All agricultural distillates originating from mashes containing rye and barley grains and the corresponding malts were characterized by low concentrations of undesirable compounds, such as acetaldehyde and methanol. 27706083 1 21 theme enzymes 346:352 arg1 malts 314:318 cereal malts 307:318 cereal malts 307:318 The objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of rye and barley starch hydrolysis in mashing processes using cereal malts as a source of amylolytic enzymes and starch, and to establish the volatile profile of the obtained agricultural distillates. 27706083 1 21 theme enzymes 346:352 arg1 source 325:330 a source 323:330 a source of amylolytic enzymes and starch 323:363 The objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of rye and barley starch hydrolysis in mashing processes using cereal malts as a source of amylolytic enzymes and starch, and to establish the volatile profile of the obtained agricultural distillates. 27706083 1 22 theme distillates 433:443 arg1 profile 396:402 the volatile profile 383:402 the volatile profile of the obtained agricultural distillates 383:443 The objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of rye and barley starch hydrolysis in mashing processes using cereal malts as a source of amylolytic enzymes and starch, and to establish the volatile profile of the obtained agricultural distillates. 27706083 6 23 theme cereals 1054:1060 arg1 treatment 1032:1040 Pressure-thermal treatment 1015:1040 Pressure-thermal treatment of unmalted cereals, and especially rye grains, 1015:1088 Pressure-thermal treatment of unmalted cereals, and especially rye grains, resulted in higher ethanol content in mashes in comparison with samples subjected to pressureless liberation of starch. 27706083 8 24 contain contained 1479:1487 arg2 concentrations 1495:1508 lower concentrations 1489:1508 lower concentrations of higher alcohols (apart from 1-propanol) 1489:1551 The distillates obtained under industrial conditions contained lower concentrations of higher alcohols (apart from 1-propanol) than those obtained on a semi-technical scale. 27706083 8 24 contain contained 1479:1487 arg1 distillates 1430:1440 The distillates 1426:1440 The distillates obtained under industrial conditions 1426:1477 The distillates obtained under industrial conditions contained lower concentrations of higher alcohols (apart from 1-propanol) than those obtained on a semi-technical scale. 27706083 2 25 theme results 596:602 arg1 composition 547:557 the physicochemical composition 527:557 the physicochemical composition of the prepared mashes, fermentation results, and the composition of the obtained distillates 527:651 In addition, the effects of the pretreatment method of unmalted cereal grains on the physicochemical composition of the prepared mashes, fermentation results, and the composition of the obtained distillates were investigated. 27706083 6 26 with comparison 1138:1147 arg1 samples 1154:1160 samples 1154:1160 samples subjected to pressureless liberation of starch 1154:1207 Pressure-thermal treatment of unmalted cereals, and especially rye grains, resulted in higher ethanol content in mashes in comparison with samples subjected to pressureless liberation of starch. 27706083 2 27 theme cereal 510:515 arg1 grains 517:522 unmalted cereal grains 501:522 unmalted cereal grains 501:522 In addition, the effects of the pretreatment method of unmalted cereal grains on the physicochemical composition of the prepared mashes, fermentation results, and the composition of the obtained distillates were investigated. 27706083 3 28 theme rye 709:711 arg1 grains 724:729 unmalted rye and barley grains 700:729 unmalted rye and barley grains 700:729 The raw materials used were unmalted rye and barley grains, as well as the corresponding malts. 27706083 3 28 theme rye 709:711 arg1 materials 680:688 The raw materials 672:688 The raw materials used 672:693 The raw materials used were unmalted rye and barley grains, as well as the corresponding malts. 27706083 6 29 theme unmalted 1045:1052 arg1 cereals 1054:1060 unmalted cereals 1045:1060 unmalted cereals 1045:1060 Pressure-thermal treatment of unmalted cereals, and especially rye grains, resulted in higher ethanol content in mashes in comparison with samples subjected to pressureless liberation of starch. 27706083 0 30 theme Fermentation 0:11 arg1 Results 13:19 Fermentation Results 0:19 Fermentation Results 0:19 Fermentation Results and Chemical Composition of Agricultural Distillates Obtained from Rye and Barley Grains and the Corresponding Malts as a Source of Amylolytic Enzymes and Starch. 27706083 1 31 theme barley 255:260 arg1 efficiency 233:242 the efficiency 229:242 the efficiency of rye and barley starch hydrolysis in mashing processes using cereal malts as a source of amylolytic enzymes and starch 229:363 The objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of rye and barley starch hydrolysis in mashing processes using cereal malts as a source of amylolytic enzymes and starch, and to establish the volatile profile of the obtained agricultural distillates. 27706083 2 32 theme fermentation 583:594 arg1 results 596:602 fermentation results 583:602 fermentation results 583:602 In addition, the effects of the pretreatment method of unmalted cereal grains on the physicochemical composition of the prepared mashes, fermentation results, and the composition of the obtained distillates were investigated. 27706083 2 33 theme distillates 641:651 arg1 mashes 575:580 the prepared mashes 562:580 the prepared mashes 562:580 In addition, the effects of the pretreatment method of unmalted cereal grains on the physicochemical composition of the prepared mashes, fermentation results, and the composition of the obtained distillates were investigated. 27706083 2 33 theme distillates 641:651 arg1 results 596:602 fermentation results 583:602 fermentation results 583:602 In addition, the effects of the pretreatment method of unmalted cereal grains on the physicochemical composition of the prepared mashes, fermentation results, and the composition of the obtained distillates were investigated. 27706083 2 33 theme distillates 641:651 arg1 composition 613:623 the composition 609:623 the composition of the obtained distillates 609:651 In addition, the effects of the pretreatment method of unmalted cereal grains on the physicochemical composition of the prepared mashes, fermentation results, and the composition of the obtained distillates were investigated. 27706083 5 34 theme fermentable 906:916 arg1 sugars 918:923 The fermentable sugars 902:923 The fermentable sugars present in sweet mashes 902:947 The fermentable sugars present in sweet mashes mostly consisted of maltose, followed by glucose and maltotriose. 27706083 6 35 from content 1117:1123 arg1 mashes 1128:1133 mashes 1128:1133 mashes in comparison with samples subjected to pressureless liberation of starch 1128:1207 Pressure-thermal treatment of unmalted cereals, and especially rye grains, resulted in higher ethanol content in mashes in comparison with samples subjected to pressureless liberation of starch. 27706083 8 36 theme higher 1513:1518 arg1 alcohols 1520:1527 higher alcohols 1513:1527 higher alcohols (apart from 1-propanol) 1513:1551 The distillates obtained under industrial conditions contained lower concentrations of higher alcohols (apart from 1-propanol) than those obtained on a semi-technical scale. 27706083 0 37 theme Chemical 25:32 arg1 Composition 34:44 Chemical Composition 25:44 Chemical Composition 25:44 Fermentation Results and Chemical Composition of Agricultural Distillates Obtained from Rye and Barley Grains and the Corresponding Malts as a Source of Amylolytic Enzymes and Starch. 27706083 1 38 theme starch 262:267 arg1 hydrolysis 269:278 starch hydrolysis 262:278 starch hydrolysis 262:278 The objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of rye and barley starch hydrolysis in mashing processes using cereal malts as a source of amylolytic enzymes and starch, and to establish the volatile profile of the obtained agricultural distillates. 27706083 4 39 theme Polish 883:888 arg1 distillery 890:899 a Polish distillery 881:899 a Polish distillery 881:899 All experiments were first performed on a semi-technical scale, and then verified under industrial conditions in a Polish distillery. 27706083 2 40 theme obtained 632:639 arg1 distillates 641:651 the obtained distillates 628:651 the obtained distillates 628:651 In addition, the effects of the pretreatment method of unmalted cereal grains on the physicochemical composition of the prepared mashes, fermentation results, and the composition of the obtained distillates were investigated. 27706083 8 41 theme semi-technical 1578:1591 arg1 scale 1593:1597 a semi-technical scale 1576:1597 a semi-technical scale 1576:1597 The distillates obtained under industrial conditions contained lower concentrations of higher alcohols (apart from 1-propanol) than those obtained on a semi-technical scale. 27706083 0 42 theme Corresponding 118:130 arg1 Malts 132:136 the Corresponding Malts 114:136 the Corresponding Malts 114:136 Fermentation Results and Chemical Composition of Agricultural Distillates Obtained from Rye and Barley Grains and the Corresponding Malts as a Source of Amylolytic Enzymes and Starch. 27706083 1 43 theme starch 358:363 arg1 malts 314:318 cereal malts 307:318 cereal malts 307:318 The objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of rye and barley starch hydrolysis in mashing processes using cereal malts as a source of amylolytic enzymes and starch, and to establish the volatile profile of the obtained agricultural distillates. 27706083 1 43 theme starch 358:363 arg1 source 325:330 a source 323:330 a source of amylolytic enzymes and starch 323:363 The objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of rye and barley starch hydrolysis in mashing processes using cereal malts as a source of amylolytic enzymes and starch, and to establish the volatile profile of the obtained agricultural distillates. 27706083 5 44 theme present 925:931 arg1 sugars 918:923 The fermentable sugars 902:923 The fermentable sugars present in sweet mashes 902:947 The fermentable sugars present in sweet mashes mostly consisted of maltose, followed by glucose and maltotriose. 27706083 6 45 from mashes 1128:1133 arg1 comparison 1138:1147 comparison 1138:1147 comparison with samples subjected to pressureless liberation of starch 1138:1207 Pressure-thermal treatment of unmalted cereals, and especially rye grains, resulted in higher ethanol content in mashes in comparison with samples subjected to pressureless liberation of starch. 27706083 6 46 theme Pressure-thermal 1015:1030 arg1 treatment 1032:1040 Pressure-thermal treatment 1015:1040 Pressure-thermal treatment of unmalted cereals, and especially rye grains, 1015:1088 Pressure-thermal treatment of unmalted cereals, and especially rye grains, resulted in higher ethanol content in mashes in comparison with samples subjected to pressureless liberation of starch. 27706083 3 47 theme barley 717:722 arg1 grains 724:729 unmalted rye and barley grains 700:729 unmalted rye and barley grains 700:729 The raw materials used were unmalted rye and barley grains, as well as the corresponding malts. 27706083 3 47 theme barley 717:722 arg1 materials 680:688 The raw materials 672:688 The raw materials used 672:693 The raw materials used were unmalted rye and barley grains, as well as the corresponding malts. 27706083 1 48 from efficiency 233:242 arg1 processes 291:299 mashing processes 283:299 mashing processes using cereal malts as a source of amylolytic enzymes and starch 283:363 The objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of rye and barley starch hydrolysis in mashing processes using cereal malts as a source of amylolytic enzymes and starch, and to establish the volatile profile of the obtained agricultural distillates. 27706083 7 49 theme barley 1282:1287 arg1 grains 1289:1294 rye and barley grains 1274:1294 rye and barley grains 1274:1294 All agricultural distillates originating from mashes containing rye and barley grains and the corresponding malts were characterized by low concentrations of undesirable compounds, such as acetaldehyde and methanol. 27706083 5 50 dep consisted 956:964 arg1 followed 978:985 followed 978:985 followed by glucose and maltotriose 978:1012 The fermentable sugars present in sweet mashes mostly consisted of maltose, followed by glucose and maltotriose. 27706083 1 51 theme mashing 283:289 arg1 processes 291:299 mashing processes 283:299 mashing processes using cereal malts as a source of amylolytic enzymes and starch 283:363 The objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of rye and barley starch hydrolysis in mashing processes using cereal malts as a source of amylolytic enzymes and starch, and to establish the volatile profile of the obtained agricultural distillates. 27706083 2 52 theme unmalted 501:508 arg1 grains 517:522 unmalted cereal grains 501:522 unmalted cereal grains 501:522 In addition, the effects of the pretreatment method of unmalted cereal grains on the physicochemical composition of the prepared mashes, fermentation results, and the composition of the obtained distillates were investigated. 27706083 1 53 theme study 206:210 arg1 objective 188:196 The objective 184:196 The objective of this study 184:210 The objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of rye and barley starch hydrolysis in mashing processes using cereal malts as a source of amylolytic enzymes and starch, and to establish the volatile profile of the obtained agricultural distillates. 27706083 0 54 theme Distillates 62:72 arg1 Results 13:19 Fermentation Results 0:19 Fermentation Results 0:19 Fermentation Results and Chemical Composition of Agricultural Distillates Obtained from Rye and Barley Grains and the Corresponding Malts as a Source of Amylolytic Enzymes and Starch. 27706083 0 54 theme Distillates 62:72 arg1 Composition 34:44 Chemical Composition 25:44 Chemical Composition 25:44 Fermentation Results and Chemical Composition of Agricultural Distillates Obtained from Rye and Barley Grains and the Corresponding Malts as a Source of Amylolytic Enzymes and Starch. 27706083 4 55 theme industrial 856:865 arg1 conditions 867:876 industrial conditions 856:876 industrial conditions in a Polish distillery 856:899 All experiments were first performed on a semi-technical scale, and then verified under industrial conditions in a Polish distillery. 27706083 2 56 from effects 463:469 arg1 composition 547:557 the physicochemical composition 527:557 the physicochemical composition of the prepared mashes, fermentation results, and the composition of the obtained distillates 527:651 In addition, the effects of the pretreatment method of unmalted cereal grains on the physicochemical composition of the prepared mashes, fermentation results, and the composition of the obtained distillates were investigated. 27706083 6 57 theme starch 1202:1207 arg1 liberation 1188:1197 pressureless liberation 1175:1197 pressureless liberation of starch 1175:1207 Pressure-thermal treatment of unmalted cereals, and especially rye grains, resulted in higher ethanol content in mashes in comparison with samples subjected to pressureless liberation of starch. 27706083 2 58 theme physicochemical 531:545 arg1 composition 547:557 the physicochemical composition 527:557 the physicochemical composition of the prepared mashes, fermentation results, and the composition of the obtained distillates 527:651 In addition, the effects of the pretreatment method of unmalted cereal grains on the physicochemical composition of the prepared mashes, fermentation results, and the composition of the obtained distillates were investigated. 27706083 6 59 theme higher 1102:1107 arg1 content 1117:1123 higher ethanol content 1102:1123 higher ethanol content in mashes in comparison with samples subjected to pressureless liberation of starch 1102:1207 Pressure-thermal treatment of unmalted cereals, and especially rye grains, resulted in higher ethanol content in mashes in comparison with samples subjected to pressureless liberation of starch. 27706083 0 60 theme Agricultural 49:60 arg1 Distillates 62:72 Agricultural Distillates 49:72 Agricultural Distillates Obtained from Rye and Barley Grains and the Corresponding Malts as a Source of Amylolytic Enzymes and Starch 49:181 Fermentation Results and Chemical Composition of Agricultural Distillates Obtained from Rye and Barley Grains and the Corresponding Malts as a Source of Amylolytic Enzymes and Starch. 27706083 5 61 attach present 925:931 arg1 mashes 942:947 sweet mashes 936:947 sweet mashes 936:947 The fermentable sugars present in sweet mashes mostly consisted of maltose, followed by glucose and maltotriose. 27706083 5 61 attach present 925:931 arg2 sugars 918:923 The fermentable sugars 902:923 The fermentable sugars present in sweet mashes 902:947 The fermentable sugars present in sweet mashes mostly consisted of maltose, followed by glucose and maltotriose. 27706083 1 62 dep rye 247:249 arg1 hydrolysis 269:278 starch hydrolysis 262:278 starch hydrolysis 262:278 The objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of rye and barley starch hydrolysis in mashing processes using cereal malts as a source of amylolytic enzymes and starch, and to establish the volatile profile of the obtained agricultural distillates. 27706083 7 63 theme compounds 1380:1388 arg1 concentrations 1350:1363 low concentrations 1346:1363 low concentrations of undesirable compounds, such as acetaldehyde and methanol 1346:1423 All agricultural distillates originating from mashes containing rye and barley grains and the corresponding malts were characterized by low concentrations of undesirable compounds, such as acetaldehyde and methanol. 27706083 7 64 theme rye 1274:1276 arg1 grains 1289:1294 rye and barley grains 1274:1294 rye and barley grains 1274:1294 All agricultural distillates originating from mashes containing rye and barley grains and the corresponding malts were characterized by low concentrations of undesirable compounds, such as acetaldehyde and methanol. 27706083 1 65 theme cereal 307:312 arg1 malts 314:318 cereal malts 307:318 cereal malts 307:318 The objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of rye and barley starch hydrolysis in mashing processes using cereal malts as a source of amylolytic enzymes and starch, and to establish the volatile profile of the obtained agricultural distillates. 27706083 1 65 theme cereal 307:312 arg1 source 325:330 a source 323:330 a source of amylolytic enzymes and starch 323:363 The objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of rye and barley starch hydrolysis in mashing processes using cereal malts as a source of amylolytic enzymes and starch, and to establish the volatile profile of the obtained agricultural distillates. 27706083 0 66 theme Enzymes 164:170 arg1 Source 143:148 a Source 141:148 a Source of Amylolytic Enzymes and Starch 141:181 Fermentation Results and Chemical Composition of Agricultural Distillates Obtained from Rye and Barley Grains and the Corresponding Malts as a Source of Amylolytic Enzymes and Starch. 27706083 4 67 from conditions 867:876 arg1 distillery 890:899 a Polish distillery 881:899 a Polish distillery 881:899 All experiments were first performed on a semi-technical scale, and then verified under industrial conditions in a Polish distillery. 27706083 5 68 from present 925:931 arg1 mashes 942:947 sweet mashes 936:947 sweet mashes 936:947 The fermentable sugars present in sweet mashes mostly consisted of maltose, followed by glucose and maltotriose. 27706083 0 69 theme Amylolytic 153:162 arg1 Enzymes 164:170 Amylolytic Enzymes 153:170 Amylolytic Enzymes 153:170 Fermentation Results and Chemical Composition of Agricultural Distillates Obtained from Rye and Barley Grains and the Corresponding Malts as a Source of Amylolytic Enzymes and Starch. 27706083 1 70 theme volatile 387:394 arg1 profile 396:402 the volatile profile 383:402 the volatile profile of the obtained agricultural distillates 383:443 The objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of rye and barley starch hydrolysis in mashing processes using cereal malts as a source of amylolytic enzymes and starch, and to establish the volatile profile of the obtained agricultural distillates. 27706083 6 71 theme pressureless 1175:1186 arg1 liberation 1188:1197 pressureless liberation 1175:1197 pressureless liberation of starch 1175:1207 Pressure-thermal treatment of unmalted cereals, and especially rye grains, resulted in higher ethanol content in mashes in comparison with samples subjected to pressureless liberation of starch. 27706083 8 72 theme lower 1489:1493 arg1 concentrations 1495:1508 lower concentrations 1489:1508 lower concentrations of higher alcohols (apart from 1-propanol) 1489:1551 The distillates obtained under industrial conditions contained lower concentrations of higher alcohols (apart from 1-propanol) than those obtained on a semi-technical scale. 27706083 6 73 theme grains 1082:1087 arg1 treatment 1032:1040 Pressure-thermal treatment 1015:1040 Pressure-thermal treatment of unmalted cereals, and especially rye grains, 1015:1088 Pressure-thermal treatment of unmalted cereals, and especially rye grains, resulted in higher ethanol content in mashes in comparison with samples subjected to pressureless liberation of starch. 27706083 3 74 theme corresponding 747:759 arg1 malts 761:765 the corresponding malts 743:765 the corresponding malts 743:765 The raw materials used were unmalted rye and barley grains, as well as the corresponding malts. 27706083 3 75 theme raw 676:678 arg1 grains 724:729 unmalted rye and barley grains 700:729 unmalted rye and barley grains 700:729 The raw materials used were unmalted rye and barley grains, as well as the corresponding malts. 27706083 3 75 theme raw 676:678 arg1 materials 680:688 The raw materials 672:688 The raw materials used 672:693 The raw materials used were unmalted rye and barley grains, as well as the corresponding malts. 27706083 7 76 theme low 1346:1348 arg1 concentrations 1350:1363 low concentrations 1346:1363 low concentrations of undesirable compounds, such as acetaldehyde and methanol 1346:1423 All agricultural distillates originating from mashes containing rye and barley grains and the corresponding malts were characterized by low concentrations of undesirable compounds, such as acetaldehyde and methanol. 27706083 4 77 theme semi-technical 810:823 arg1 scale 825:829 a semi-technical scale 808:829 a semi-technical scale 808:829 All experiments were first performed on a semi-technical scale, and then verified under industrial conditions in a Polish distillery. 27706083 6 78 theme rye 1078:1080 arg1 grains 1082:1087 rye grains 1078:1087 rye grains 1078:1087 Pressure-thermal treatment of unmalted cereals, and especially rye grains, resulted in higher ethanol content in mashes in comparison with samples subjected to pressureless liberation of starch. 27706083 5 79 from mashes 942:947 arg1 present 925:931 present 925:931 present 925:931 The fermentable sugars present in sweet mashes mostly consisted of maltose, followed by glucose and maltotriose. 27706083 2 80 theme method 491:496 arg1 effects 463:469 the effects 459:469 the effects of the pretreatment method of unmalted cereal grains on the physicochemical composition of the prepared mashes, fermentation results, and the composition of the obtained distillates 459:651 In addition, the effects of the pretreatment method of unmalted cereal grains on the physicochemical composition of the prepared mashes, fermentation results, and the composition of the obtained distillates were investigated. 28732912 4 0 theme % 687:687 arg1 gels 695:698 The BC-3% and 5% PEGDA gels 672:698 The BC-3% and 5% PEGDA gels 672:698 The BC-3% and 5% PEGDA gels had similar viscoelastic behaviors as a BC gel, and these composite gels could stick to human skin. 28732912 1 1 theme cellulose-polyethylene 187:208 arg1 gels 249:252 bacterial cellulose-polyethylene glycol diacrylate (BC-PEGDA) composite gels 177:252 bacterial cellulose-polyethylene glycol diacrylate (BC-PEGDA) composite gels 177:252 This study explores the structural and mechanical properties of bacterial cellulose-polyethylene glycol diacrylate (BC-PEGDA) composite gels. 28732912 6 2 theme BC-3 1008:1011 arg1 % 1012:1012 % 1012:1012 % 1012:1012 Taken together, we concluded that the BC-3% and 5% PEGDA gels have great potential for use in medical and cosmetic fields. 28732912 5 3 theme PEGDA-both 853:862 arg1 biocompatible 877:889 biocompatible 877:889 biocompatible 877:889 Since BC-PEGDA composite gels are composed of BC and PEGDA-both of which are biocompatible, it is thought that these composite gels also have excellent biocompatibility. 28732912 2 4 theme composite 409:417 arg1 gels 419:422 composite gels 409:422 composite gels 409:422 The molecular dynamics results obtained by solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analyses suggested that BC and PEGDA molecules were incompatible as composite gels, though BC fibers and PEGDA interact with each other. 28732912 5 5 theme excellent 942:950 arg1 biocompatibility 952:967 excellent biocompatibility 942:967 excellent biocompatibility 942:967 Since BC-PEGDA composite gels are composed of BC and PEGDA-both of which are biocompatible, it is thought that these composite gels also have excellent biocompatibility. 28732912 3 6 theme tensile 591:597 arg1 force 599:603 a tensile force 589:603 a tensile force 589:603 The mechanical strength of the gels depended on the amount of PEGDA, becoming softer and more stretchable when a tensile force was applied, but for a large amount of PEGDA, they became brittle. 28732912 4 7 contain had 700:702 arg1 gels 695:698 The BC-3% and 5% PEGDA gels 672:698 The BC-3% and 5% PEGDA gels 672:698 The BC-3% and 5% PEGDA gels had similar viscoelastic behaviors as a BC gel, and these composite gels could stick to human skin. 28732912 4 7 contain had 700:702 arg2 gel 743:745 a BC gel 738:745 a BC gel 738:745 The BC-3% and 5% PEGDA gels had similar viscoelastic behaviors as a BC gel, and these composite gels could stick to human skin. 28732912 4 7 contain had 700:702 arg2 behaviors 725:733 similar viscoelastic behaviors 704:733 similar viscoelastic behaviors 704:733 The BC-3% and 5% PEGDA gels had similar viscoelastic behaviors as a BC gel, and these composite gels could stick to human skin. 28732912 4 8 theme BC 740:741 arg1 gel 743:745 a BC gel 738:745 a BC gel 738:745 The BC-3% and 5% PEGDA gels had similar viscoelastic behaviors as a BC gel, and these composite gels could stick to human skin. 28732912 4 8 theme BC 740:741 arg1 behaviors 725:733 similar viscoelastic behaviors 704:733 similar viscoelastic behaviors 704:733 The BC-3% and 5% PEGDA gels had similar viscoelastic behaviors as a BC gel, and these composite gels could stick to human skin. 28732912 3 9 theme PEGDA 540:544 arg1 amount 530:535 the amount 526:535 the amount of PEGDA 526:544 The mechanical strength of the gels depended on the amount of PEGDA, becoming softer and more stretchable when a tensile force was applied, but for a large amount of PEGDA, they became brittle. 28732912 3 9 theme PEGDA 540:544 arg1 PEGDA 540:544 PEGDA 540:544 PEGDA 540:544 The mechanical strength of the gels depended on the amount of PEGDA, becoming softer and more stretchable when a tensile force was applied, but for a large amount of PEGDA, they became brittle. 28732912 4 10 theme 5 686:686 arg1 % 687:687 % 687:687 % 687:687 The BC-3% and 5% PEGDA gels had similar viscoelastic behaviors as a BC gel, and these composite gels could stick to human skin. 28732912 6 11 theme % 1019:1019 arg1 gels 1027:1030 the BC-3% and 5% PEGDA gels 1004:1030 the BC-3% and 5% PEGDA gels 1004:1030 Taken together, we concluded that the BC-3% and 5% PEGDA gels have great potential for use in medical and cosmetic fields. 28732912 2 12 theme resonance 331:339 arg1 analyses 341:348 solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analyses 298:348 solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analyses 298:348 The molecular dynamics results obtained by solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analyses suggested that BC and PEGDA molecules were incompatible as composite gels, though BC fibers and PEGDA interact with each other. 28732912 4 13 theme BC-3 676:679 arg1 % 680:680 % 680:680 % 680:680 The BC-3% and 5% PEGDA gels had similar viscoelastic behaviors as a BC gel, and these composite gels could stick to human skin. 28732912 1 14 theme diacrylate 217:226 arg1 gels 249:252 bacterial cellulose-polyethylene glycol diacrylate (BC-PEGDA) composite gels 177:252 bacterial cellulose-polyethylene glycol diacrylate (BC-PEGDA) composite gels 177:252 This study explores the structural and mechanical properties of bacterial cellulose-polyethylene glycol diacrylate (BC-PEGDA) composite gels. 28732912 2 15 theme magnetic 322:329 arg1 resonance 331:339 solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance 298:339 solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analyses 298:348 The molecular dynamics results obtained by solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analyses suggested that BC and PEGDA molecules were incompatible as composite gels, though BC fibers and PEGDA interact with each other. 28732912 6 16 theme PEGDA 1021:1025 arg1 gels 1027:1030 the BC-3% and 5% PEGDA gels 1004:1030 the BC-3% and 5% PEGDA gels 1004:1030 Taken together, we concluded that the BC-3% and 5% PEGDA gels have great potential for use in medical and cosmetic fields. 28732912 6 17 theme 5 1018:1018 arg1 % 1019:1019 % 1019:1019 % 1019:1019 Taken together, we concluded that the BC-3% and 5% PEGDA gels have great potential for use in medical and cosmetic fields. 28732912 6 18 from potential 1043:1051 arg1 fields 1085:1090 medical and cosmetic fields 1064:1090 medical and cosmetic fields 1064:1090 Taken together, we concluded that the BC-3% and 5% PEGDA gels have great potential for use in medical and cosmetic fields. 28732912 2 19 theme PEGDA 372:376 arg1 molecules 378:386 BC and PEGDA molecules 365:386 BC and PEGDA molecules 365:386 The molecular dynamics results obtained by solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analyses suggested that BC and PEGDA molecules were incompatible as composite gels, though BC fibers and PEGDA interact with each other. 28732912 1 20 theme BC-PEGDA 229:236 arg1 gels 249:252 bacterial cellulose-polyethylene glycol diacrylate (BC-PEGDA) composite gels 177:252 bacterial cellulose-polyethylene glycol diacrylate (BC-PEGDA) composite gels 177:252 This study explores the structural and mechanical properties of bacterial cellulose-polyethylene glycol diacrylate (BC-PEGDA) composite gels. 28732912 0 21 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 characterization 26:41 Structural and mechanical characterization 0:41 Structural and mechanical characterization of bacterial cellulose-polyethylene glycol 0:84 Structural and mechanical characterization of bacterial cellulose-polyethylene glycol diacrylate composite gels. 28732912 4 22 theme viscoelastic 712:723 arg1 gel 743:745 a BC gel 738:745 a BC gel 738:745 The BC-3% and 5% PEGDA gels had similar viscoelastic behaviors as a BC gel, and these composite gels could stick to human skin. 28732912 4 22 theme viscoelastic 712:723 arg1 behaviors 725:733 similar viscoelastic behaviors 704:733 similar viscoelastic behaviors 704:733 The BC-3% and 5% PEGDA gels had similar viscoelastic behaviors as a BC gel, and these composite gels could stick to human skin. 28732912 2 23 theme BC 432:433 arg1 fibers 435:440 BC fibers 432:440 BC fibers 432:440 The molecular dynamics results obtained by solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analyses suggested that BC and PEGDA molecules were incompatible as composite gels, though BC fibers and PEGDA interact with each other. 28732912 4 24 theme human 788:792 arg1 skin 794:797 human skin 788:797 human skin 788:797 The BC-3% and 5% PEGDA gels had similar viscoelastic behaviors as a BC gel, and these composite gels could stick to human skin. 28732912 2 25 theme BC 365:366 arg1 molecules 378:386 BC and PEGDA molecules 365:386 BC and PEGDA molecules 365:386 The molecular dynamics results obtained by solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analyses suggested that BC and PEGDA molecules were incompatible as composite gels, though BC fibers and PEGDA interact with each other. 28732912 1 26 theme composite 239:247 arg1 gels 249:252 bacterial cellulose-polyethylene glycol diacrylate (BC-PEGDA) composite gels 177:252 bacterial cellulose-polyethylene glycol diacrylate (BC-PEGDA) composite gels 177:252 This study explores the structural and mechanical properties of bacterial cellulose-polyethylene glycol diacrylate (BC-PEGDA) composite gels. 28732912 0 27 theme mechanical 15:24 arg1 characterization 26:41 Structural and mechanical characterization 0:41 Structural and mechanical characterization of bacterial cellulose-polyethylene glycol 0:84 Structural and mechanical characterization of bacterial cellulose-polyethylene glycol diacrylate composite gels. 28732912 1 28 theme glycol 210:215 arg1 gels 249:252 bacterial cellulose-polyethylene glycol diacrylate (BC-PEGDA) composite gels 177:252 bacterial cellulose-polyethylene glycol diacrylate (BC-PEGDA) composite gels 177:252 This study explores the structural and mechanical properties of bacterial cellulose-polyethylene glycol diacrylate (BC-PEGDA) composite gels. 28732912 1 29 theme gels 249:252 arg1 properties 163:172 the structural and mechanical properties 133:172 the structural and mechanical properties of bacterial cellulose-polyethylene glycol diacrylate (BC-PEGDA) composite gels 133:252 This study explores the structural and mechanical properties of bacterial cellulose-polyethylene glycol diacrylate (BC-PEGDA) composite gels. 28732912 0 30 theme bacterial 46:54 arg1 glycol 79:84 bacterial cellulose-polyethylene glycol 46:84 bacterial cellulose-polyethylene glycol 46:84 Structural and mechanical characterization of bacterial cellulose-polyethylene glycol diacrylate composite gels. 28732912 6 31 theme % 1012:1012 arg1 gels 1027:1030 the BC-3% and 5% PEGDA gels 1004:1030 the BC-3% and 5% PEGDA gels 1004:1030 Taken together, we concluded that the BC-3% and 5% PEGDA gels have great potential for use in medical and cosmetic fields. 28732912 5 32 theme BC-PEGDA 806:813 arg1 gels 825:828 BC-PEGDA composite gels 806:828 BC-PEGDA composite gels 806:828 Since BC-PEGDA composite gels are composed of BC and PEGDA-both of which are biocompatible, it is thought that these composite gels also have excellent biocompatibility. 28732912 3 33 theme mechanical 482:491 arg1 strength 493:500 The mechanical strength 478:500 The mechanical strength of the gels 478:512 The mechanical strength of the gels depended on the amount of PEGDA, becoming softer and more stretchable when a tensile force was applied, but for a large amount of PEGDA, they became brittle. 28732912 3 34 theme PEGDA 644:648 arg1 PEGDA 644:648 PEGDA 644:648 PEGDA 644:648 The mechanical strength of the gels depended on the amount of PEGDA, becoming softer and more stretchable when a tensile force was applied, but for a large amount of PEGDA, they became brittle. 28732912 3 34 theme PEGDA 644:648 arg1 amount 634:639 a large amount 626:639 a large amount of PEGDA 626:648 The mechanical strength of the gels depended on the amount of PEGDA, becoming softer and more stretchable when a tensile force was applied, but for a large amount of PEGDA, they became brittle. 28732912 5 35 theme composite 815:823 arg1 gels 825:828 BC-PEGDA composite gels 806:828 BC-PEGDA composite gels 806:828 Since BC-PEGDA composite gels are composed of BC and PEGDA-both of which are biocompatible, it is thought that these composite gels also have excellent biocompatibility. 28732912 0 36 theme glycol 79:84 arg1 characterization 26:41 Structural and mechanical characterization 0:41 Structural and mechanical characterization of bacterial cellulose-polyethylene glycol 0:84 Structural and mechanical characterization of bacterial cellulose-polyethylene glycol diacrylate composite gels. 28732912 2 37 theme dynamics 269:276 arg1 results 278:284 The molecular dynamics results 255:284 The molecular dynamics results obtained by solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analyses 255:348 The molecular dynamics results obtained by solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analyses suggested that BC and PEGDA molecules were incompatible as composite gels, though BC fibers and PEGDA interact with each other. 28732912 6 38 theme great 1037:1041 arg1 potential 1043:1051 great potential 1037:1051 great potential for use in medical and cosmetic fields 1037:1090 Taken together, we concluded that the BC-3% and 5% PEGDA gels have great potential for use in medical and cosmetic fields. 28732912 1 39 theme structural 137:146 arg1 properties 163:172 the structural and mechanical properties 133:172 the structural and mechanical properties of bacterial cellulose-polyethylene glycol diacrylate (BC-PEGDA) composite gels 133:252 This study explores the structural and mechanical properties of bacterial cellulose-polyethylene glycol diacrylate (BC-PEGDA) composite gels. 28732912 0 40 theme cellulose-polyethylene 56:77 arg1 glycol 79:84 bacterial cellulose-polyethylene glycol 46:84 bacterial cellulose-polyethylene glycol 46:84 Structural and mechanical characterization of bacterial cellulose-polyethylene glycol diacrylate composite gels. 28732912 2 41 theme molecular 259:267 arg1 dynamics 269:276 The molecular dynamics 255:276 The molecular dynamics results obtained by solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analyses 255:348 The molecular dynamics results obtained by solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analyses suggested that BC and PEGDA molecules were incompatible as composite gels, though BC fibers and PEGDA interact with each other. 28732912 4 42 theme PEGDA 689:693 arg1 gels 695:698 The BC-3% and 5% PEGDA gels 672:698 The BC-3% and 5% PEGDA gels 672:698 The BC-3% and 5% PEGDA gels had similar viscoelastic behaviors as a BC gel, and these composite gels could stick to human skin. 28732912 4 43 theme composite 758:766 arg1 gels 768:771 these composite gels 752:771 these composite gels 752:771 The BC-3% and 5% PEGDA gels had similar viscoelastic behaviors as a BC gel, and these composite gels could stick to human skin. 28732912 2 44 theme nuclear 314:320 arg1 resonance 331:339 solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance 298:339 solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analyses 298:348 The molecular dynamics results obtained by solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analyses suggested that BC and PEGDA molecules were incompatible as composite gels, though BC fibers and PEGDA interact with each other. 28732912 1 45 theme mechanical 152:161 arg1 properties 163:172 the structural and mechanical properties 133:172 the structural and mechanical properties of bacterial cellulose-polyethylene glycol diacrylate (BC-PEGDA) composite gels 133:252 This study explores the structural and mechanical properties of bacterial cellulose-polyethylene glycol diacrylate (BC-PEGDA) composite gels. 28732912 6 46 theme medical 1064:1070 arg1 fields 1085:1090 medical and cosmetic fields 1064:1090 medical and cosmetic fields 1064:1090 Taken together, we concluded that the BC-3% and 5% PEGDA gels have great potential for use in medical and cosmetic fields. 28732912 6 47 contain have 1032:1035 arg1 gels 1027:1030 the BC-3% and 5% PEGDA gels 1004:1030 the BC-3% and 5% PEGDA gels 1004:1030 Taken together, we concluded that the BC-3% and 5% PEGDA gels have great potential for use in medical and cosmetic fields. 28732912 6 47 contain have 1032:1035 arg2 potential 1043:1051 great potential 1037:1051 great potential for use in medical and cosmetic fields 1037:1090 Taken together, we concluded that the BC-3% and 5% PEGDA gels have great potential for use in medical and cosmetic fields. 28732912 2 48 theme 13C 310:312 arg1 resonance 331:339 solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance 298:339 solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analyses 298:348 The molecular dynamics results obtained by solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analyses suggested that BC and PEGDA molecules were incompatible as composite gels, though BC fibers and PEGDA interact with each other. 28732912 4 49 theme % 680:680 arg1 gels 695:698 The BC-3% and 5% PEGDA gels 672:698 The BC-3% and 5% PEGDA gels 672:698 The BC-3% and 5% PEGDA gels had similar viscoelastic behaviors as a BC gel, and these composite gels could stick to human skin. 28732912 4 50 theme similar 704:710 arg1 gel 743:745 a BC gel 738:745 a BC gel 738:745 The BC-3% and 5% PEGDA gels had similar viscoelastic behaviors as a BC gel, and these composite gels could stick to human skin. 28732912 4 50 theme similar 704:710 arg1 behaviors 725:733 similar viscoelastic behaviors 704:733 similar viscoelastic behaviors 704:733 The BC-3% and 5% PEGDA gels had similar viscoelastic behaviors as a BC gel, and these composite gels could stick to human skin. 28732912 0 51 theme composite 97:105 arg1 gels 107:110 composite gels 97:110 composite gels 97:110 Structural and mechanical characterization of bacterial cellulose-polyethylene glycol diacrylate composite gels. 28732912 5 52 contain have 937:940 arg1 gels 927:930 these composite gels 911:930 these composite gels 911:930 Since BC-PEGDA composite gels are composed of BC and PEGDA-both of which are biocompatible, it is thought that these composite gels also have excellent biocompatibility. 28732912 5 52 contain have 937:940 arg2 biocompatibility 952:967 excellent biocompatibility 942:967 excellent biocompatibility 942:967 Since BC-PEGDA composite gels are composed of BC and PEGDA-both of which are biocompatible, it is thought that these composite gels also have excellent biocompatibility. 28732912 2 53 theme solid-state 298:308 arg1 resonance 331:339 solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance 298:339 solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analyses 298:348 The molecular dynamics results obtained by solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analyses suggested that BC and PEGDA molecules were incompatible as composite gels, though BC fibers and PEGDA interact with each other. 28732912 3 54 theme gels 509:512 arg1 strength 493:500 The mechanical strength 478:500 The mechanical strength of the gels 478:512 The mechanical strength of the gels depended on the amount of PEGDA, becoming softer and more stretchable when a tensile force was applied, but for a large amount of PEGDA, they became brittle. 28732912 5 55 theme BC 846:847 arg1 biocompatible 877:889 biocompatible 877:889 biocompatible 877:889 Since BC-PEGDA composite gels are composed of BC and PEGDA-both of which are biocompatible, it is thought that these composite gels also have excellent biocompatibility. 28732912 6 56 theme cosmetic 1076:1083 arg1 fields 1085:1090 medical and cosmetic fields 1064:1090 medical and cosmetic fields 1064:1090 Taken together, we concluded that the BC-3% and 5% PEGDA gels have great potential for use in medical and cosmetic fields. 28732912 5 57 theme composite 917:925 arg1 gels 927:930 these composite gels 911:930 these composite gels 911:930 Since BC-PEGDA composite gels are composed of BC and PEGDA-both of which are biocompatible, it is thought that these composite gels also have excellent biocompatibility. 28732912 3 58 theme large 628:632 arg1 PEGDA 644:648 PEGDA 644:648 PEGDA 644:648 The mechanical strength of the gels depended on the amount of PEGDA, becoming softer and more stretchable when a tensile force was applied, but for a large amount of PEGDA, they became brittle. 28732912 3 58 theme large 628:632 arg1 amount 634:639 a large amount 626:639 a large amount of PEGDA 626:648 The mechanical strength of the gels depended on the amount of PEGDA, becoming softer and more stretchable when a tensile force was applied, but for a large amount of PEGDA, they became brittle. 28732912 1 59 theme bacterial 177:185 arg1 gels 249:252 bacterial cellulose-polyethylene glycol diacrylate (BC-PEGDA) composite gels 177:252 bacterial cellulose-polyethylene glycol diacrylate (BC-PEGDA) composite gels 177:252 This study explores the structural and mechanical properties of bacterial cellulose-polyethylene glycol diacrylate (BC-PEGDA) composite gels. 30034684 3 0 theme novel 308:312 arg1 approach 314:321 a novel approach 306:321 a novel approach using DNA-mediated cell surface engineering for glycan profiling by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) 306:422 Here we report a novel approach using DNA-mediated cell surface engineering for glycan profiling by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS). 30034684 0 1 theme mass 87:90 arg1 spectrometry 92:103 MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry 77:103 MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry 77:103 DNA-mediated cell surface engineering for multiplexed glycan profiling using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. 30034684 4 2 theme ionization 758:767 arg1 efficiency 769:778 low ionization efficiency 754:778 low ionization efficiency of glycans 754:789 Following lectin binding, DNA amplification and hybridization, glycans on the cell surface are specifically labeled by short DNA probes, which can be facilely released, ionized and detected in MALDI-TOF MS. This strategy converts the analysis of glycans to the detection of DNA probes, overcoming the complicated composition and low ionization efficiency of glycans, enabling in situ detection and facilitating multiplex analysis. 30034684 4 3 theme cell 503:506 arg1 surface 508:514 the cell surface 499:514 the cell surface 499:514 Following lectin binding, DNA amplification and hybridization, glycans on the cell surface are specifically labeled by short DNA probes, which can be facilely released, ionized and detected in MALDI-TOF MS. This strategy converts the analysis of glycans to the detection of DNA probes, overcoming the complicated composition and low ionization efficiency of glycans, enabling in situ detection and facilitating multiplex analysis. 30034684 6 4 from distribution 1022:1033 arg1 tissues 1049:1055 tissues 1049:1055 tissues using MALDI imaging mass spectrometry 1049:1093 This approach has been applied to evaluate glycomic alterations in cancer cells and provided the intrinsic distribution of glycans in tissues using MALDI imaging mass spectrometry. 30034684 4 5 theme complicated 726:736 arg1 composition 738:748 the complicated composition 722:748 the complicated composition 722:748 Following lectin binding, DNA amplification and hybridization, glycans on the cell surface are specifically labeled by short DNA probes, which can be facilely released, ionized and detected in MALDI-TOF MS. This strategy converts the analysis of glycans to the detection of DNA probes, overcoming the complicated composition and low ionization efficiency of glycans, enabling in situ detection and facilitating multiplex analysis. 30034684 6 6 theme cancer 982:987 arg1 cells 989:993 cancer cells 982:993 cancer cells 982:993 This approach has been applied to evaluate glycomic alterations in cancer cells and provided the intrinsic distribution of glycans in tissues using MALDI imaging mass spectrometry. 30034684 3 7 theme cell 342:345 arg1 engineering 355:365 DNA-mediated cell surface engineering 329:365 DNA-mediated cell surface engineering for glycan profiling by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) 329:422 Here we report a novel approach using DNA-mediated cell surface engineering for glycan profiling by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS). 30034684 4 8 from glycans 488:494 arg1 surface 508:514 the cell surface 499:514 the cell surface 499:514 Following lectin binding, DNA amplification and hybridization, glycans on the cell surface are specifically labeled by short DNA probes, which can be facilely released, ionized and detected in MALDI-TOF MS. This strategy converts the analysis of glycans to the detection of DNA probes, overcoming the complicated composition and low ionization efficiency of glycans, enabling in situ detection and facilitating multiplex analysis. 30034684 4 9 dep in 801:802 arg1 situ 804:807 situ 804:807 situ 804:807 Following lectin binding, DNA amplification and hybridization, glycans on the cell surface are specifically labeled by short DNA probes, which can be facilely released, ionized and detected in MALDI-TOF MS. This strategy converts the analysis of glycans to the detection of DNA probes, overcoming the complicated composition and low ionization efficiency of glycans, enabling in situ detection and facilitating multiplex analysis. 30034684 2 10 theme intense 273:279 arg1 interest 281:288 intense interest 273:288 intense interest 273:288 Thus, multiplexed and sensitive analysis of glycans is of intense interest. 30034684 3 11 theme surface 347:353 arg1 engineering 355:365 DNA-mediated cell surface engineering 329:365 DNA-mediated cell surface engineering for glycan profiling by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) 329:422 Here we report a novel approach using DNA-mediated cell surface engineering for glycan profiling by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS). 30034684 0 12 theme DNA-mediated 0:11 arg1 engineering 26:36 DNA-mediated cell surface engineering 0:36 DNA-mediated cell surface engineering for multiplexed glycan profiling 0:69 DNA-mediated cell surface engineering for multiplexed glycan profiling using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. 30034684 6 13 theme mass 1077:1080 arg1 spectrometry 1082:1093 MALDI imaging mass spectrometry 1063:1093 MALDI imaging mass spectrometry 1063:1093 This approach has been applied to evaluate glycomic alterations in cancer cells and provided the intrinsic distribution of glycans in tissues using MALDI imaging mass spectrometry. 30034684 0 14 theme cell 13:16 arg1 engineering 26:36 DNA-mediated cell surface engineering 0:36 DNA-mediated cell surface engineering for multiplexed glycan profiling 0:69 DNA-mediated cell surface engineering for multiplexed glycan profiling using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. 30034684 4 15 theme multiplex 836:844 arg1 analysis 846:853 multiplex analysis 836:853 multiplex analysis 836:853 Following lectin binding, DNA amplification and hybridization, glycans on the cell surface are specifically labeled by short DNA probes, which can be facilely released, ionized and detected in MALDI-TOF MS. This strategy converts the analysis of glycans to the detection of DNA probes, overcoming the complicated composition and low ionization efficiency of glycans, enabling in situ detection and facilitating multiplex analysis. 30034684 6 16 theme imaging 1069:1075 arg1 spectrometry 1082:1093 MALDI imaging mass spectrometry 1063:1093 MALDI imaging mass spectrometry 1063:1093 This approach has been applied to evaluate glycomic alterations in cancer cells and provided the intrinsic distribution of glycans in tissues using MALDI imaging mass spectrometry. 30034684 3 17 theme MALDI-TOF 391:399 arg1 spectrometry 406:417 MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry 391:417 MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) 391:422 Here we report a novel approach using DNA-mediated cell surface engineering for glycan profiling by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS). 30034684 3 17 theme MALDI-TOF 391:399 arg1 MS 420:421 MS 420:421 MS 420:421 Here we report a novel approach using DNA-mediated cell surface engineering for glycan profiling by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS). 30034684 4 18 theme DNA 550:552 arg1 probes 554:559 short DNA probes 544:559 short DNA probes 544:559 Following lectin binding, DNA amplification and hybridization, glycans on the cell surface are specifically labeled by short DNA probes, which can be facilely released, ionized and detected in MALDI-TOF MS. This strategy converts the analysis of glycans to the detection of DNA probes, overcoming the complicated composition and low ionization efficiency of glycans, enabling in situ detection and facilitating multiplex analysis. 30034684 4 19 theme probes 703:708 arg1 detection 686:694 the detection 682:694 the detection of DNA probes 682:708 Following lectin binding, DNA amplification and hybridization, glycans on the cell surface are specifically labeled by short DNA probes, which can be facilely released, ionized and detected in MALDI-TOF MS. This strategy converts the analysis of glycans to the detection of DNA probes, overcoming the complicated composition and low ionization efficiency of glycans, enabling in situ detection and facilitating multiplex analysis. 30034684 5 20 theme amplification 860:872 arg1 procedure 874:882 The amplification procedure 856:882 The amplification procedure 856:882 The amplification procedure also improves the sensitivity. 30034684 3 21 theme glycan 371:376 arg1 profiling 378:386 glycan profiling 371:386 glycan profiling 371:386 Here we report a novel approach using DNA-mediated cell surface engineering for glycan profiling by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS). 30034684 4 22 theme short 544:548 arg1 probes 554:559 short DNA probes 544:559 short DNA probes 544:559 Following lectin binding, DNA amplification and hybridization, glycans on the cell surface are specifically labeled by short DNA probes, which can be facilely released, ionized and detected in MALDI-TOF MS. This strategy converts the analysis of glycans to the detection of DNA probes, overcoming the complicated composition and low ionization efficiency of glycans, enabling in situ detection and facilitating multiplex analysis. 30034684 0 23 theme surface 18:24 arg1 engineering 26:36 DNA-mediated cell surface engineering 0:36 DNA-mediated cell surface engineering for multiplexed glycan profiling 0:69 DNA-mediated cell surface engineering for multiplexed glycan profiling using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. 30034684 6 24 theme glycomic 958:965 arg1 alterations 967:977 glycomic alterations 958:977 glycomic alterations in cancer cells 958:993 This approach has been applied to evaluate glycomic alterations in cancer cells and provided the intrinsic distribution of glycans in tissues using MALDI imaging mass spectrometry. 30034684 4 25 theme low 754:756 arg1 efficiency 769:778 low ionization efficiency 754:778 low ionization efficiency of glycans 754:789 Following lectin binding, DNA amplification and hybridization, glycans on the cell surface are specifically labeled by short DNA probes, which can be facilely released, ionized and detected in MALDI-TOF MS. This strategy converts the analysis of glycans to the detection of DNA probes, overcoming the complicated composition and low ionization efficiency of glycans, enabling in situ detection and facilitating multiplex analysis. 30034684 4 26 theme glycans 671:677 arg1 analysis 659:666 the analysis 655:666 the analysis of glycans 655:677 Following lectin binding, DNA amplification and hybridization, glycans on the cell surface are specifically labeled by short DNA probes, which can be facilely released, ionized and detected in MALDI-TOF MS. This strategy converts the analysis of glycans to the detection of DNA probes, overcoming the complicated composition and low ionization efficiency of glycans, enabling in situ detection and facilitating multiplex analysis. 30034684 1 27 theme disease 206:212 arg1 hallmark 194:201 a hallmark 192:201 a hallmark of disease 192:212 Glycans are crucial for many key biological processes and their alterations are often a hallmark of disease. 30034684 1 27 theme disease 206:212 arg1 alterations 170:180 their alterations 164:180 their alterations 164:180 Glycans are crucial for many key biological processes and their alterations are often a hallmark of disease. 30034684 0 28 theme multiplexed 42:52 arg1 profiling 61:69 multiplexed glycan profiling 42:69 multiplexed glycan profiling 42:69 DNA-mediated cell surface engineering for multiplexed glycan profiling using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. 30034684 2 29 theme sensitive 237:245 arg1 analysis 247:254 multiplexed and sensitive analysis 221:254 multiplexed and sensitive analysis of glycans 221:265 Thus, multiplexed and sensitive analysis of glycans is of intense interest. 30034684 6 30 theme MALDI 1063:1067 arg1 spectrometry 1082:1093 MALDI imaging mass spectrometry 1063:1093 MALDI imaging mass spectrometry 1063:1093 This approach has been applied to evaluate glycomic alterations in cancer cells and provided the intrinsic distribution of glycans in tissues using MALDI imaging mass spectrometry. 30034684 6 31 from alterations 967:977 arg1 cells 989:993 cancer cells 982:993 cancer cells 982:993 This approach has been applied to evaluate glycomic alterations in cancer cells and provided the intrinsic distribution of glycans in tissues using MALDI imaging mass spectrometry. 30034684 6 32 theme glycans 1038:1044 arg1 distribution 1022:1033 the intrinsic distribution 1008:1033 the intrinsic distribution of glycans in tissues using MALDI imaging mass spectrometry 1008:1093 This approach has been applied to evaluate glycomic alterations in cancer cells and provided the intrinsic distribution of glycans in tissues using MALDI imaging mass spectrometry. 30034684 3 33 theme mass 401:404 arg1 spectrometry 406:417 MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry 391:417 MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) 391:422 Here we report a novel approach using DNA-mediated cell surface engineering for glycan profiling by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS). 30034684 3 33 theme mass 401:404 arg1 MS 420:421 MS 420:421 MS 420:421 Here we report a novel approach using DNA-mediated cell surface engineering for glycan profiling by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS). 30034684 4 34 theme DNA 451:453 arg1 amplification 455:467 DNA amplification 451:467 DNA amplification 451:467 Following lectin binding, DNA amplification and hybridization, glycans on the cell surface are specifically labeled by short DNA probes, which can be facilely released, ionized and detected in MALDI-TOF MS. This strategy converts the analysis of glycans to the detection of DNA probes, overcoming the complicated composition and low ionization efficiency of glycans, enabling in situ detection and facilitating multiplex analysis. 30034684 2 35 theme multiplexed 221:231 arg1 analysis 247:254 multiplexed and sensitive analysis 221:254 multiplexed and sensitive analysis of glycans 221:265 Thus, multiplexed and sensitive analysis of glycans is of intense interest. 30034684 0 36 theme glycan 54:59 arg1 profiling 61:69 multiplexed glycan profiling 42:69 multiplexed glycan profiling 42:69 DNA-mediated cell surface engineering for multiplexed glycan profiling using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. 30034684 4 37 theme in 801:802 arg1 detection 809:817 in situ detection 801:817 in situ detection 801:817 Following lectin binding, DNA amplification and hybridization, glycans on the cell surface are specifically labeled by short DNA probes, which can be facilely released, ionized and detected in MALDI-TOF MS. This strategy converts the analysis of glycans to the detection of DNA probes, overcoming the complicated composition and low ionization efficiency of glycans, enabling in situ detection and facilitating multiplex analysis. 30034684 1 38 theme many 130:133 arg1 processes 150:158 many key biological processes 130:158 many key biological processes 130:158 Glycans are crucial for many key biological processes and their alterations are often a hallmark of disease. 30034684 1 39 theme key 135:137 arg1 processes 150:158 many key biological processes 130:158 many key biological processes 130:158 Glycans are crucial for many key biological processes and their alterations are often a hallmark of disease. 30034684 4 40 theme lectin 435:440 arg1 binding 442:448 lectin binding 435:448 lectin binding 435:448 Following lectin binding, DNA amplification and hybridization, glycans on the cell surface are specifically labeled by short DNA probes, which can be facilely released, ionized and detected in MALDI-TOF MS. This strategy converts the analysis of glycans to the detection of DNA probes, overcoming the complicated composition and low ionization efficiency of glycans, enabling in situ detection and facilitating multiplex analysis. 30034684 2 41 theme glycans 259:265 arg1 analysis 247:254 multiplexed and sensitive analysis 221:254 multiplexed and sensitive analysis of glycans 221:265 Thus, multiplexed and sensitive analysis of glycans is of intense interest. 30034684 1 42 theme biological 139:148 arg1 processes 150:158 many key biological processes 130:158 many key biological processes 130:158 Glycans are crucial for many key biological processes and their alterations are often a hallmark of disease. 30034684 4 43 theme DNA 699:701 arg1 probes 703:708 DNA probes 699:708 DNA probes 699:708 Following lectin binding, DNA amplification and hybridization, glycans on the cell surface are specifically labeled by short DNA probes, which can be facilely released, ionized and detected in MALDI-TOF MS. This strategy converts the analysis of glycans to the detection of DNA probes, overcoming the complicated composition and low ionization efficiency of glycans, enabling in situ detection and facilitating multiplex analysis. 30034684 0 44 theme MALDI-TOF 77:85 arg1 spectrometry 92:103 MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry 77:103 MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry 77:103 DNA-mediated cell surface engineering for multiplexed glycan profiling using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. 30034684 4 45 theme glycans 783:789 arg1 composition 738:748 the complicated composition 722:748 the complicated composition 722:748 Following lectin binding, DNA amplification and hybridization, glycans on the cell surface are specifically labeled by short DNA probes, which can be facilely released, ionized and detected in MALDI-TOF MS. This strategy converts the analysis of glycans to the detection of DNA probes, overcoming the complicated composition and low ionization efficiency of glycans, enabling in situ detection and facilitating multiplex analysis. 30034684 4 45 theme glycans 783:789 arg1 efficiency 769:778 low ionization efficiency 754:778 low ionization efficiency of glycans 754:789 Following lectin binding, DNA amplification and hybridization, glycans on the cell surface are specifically labeled by short DNA probes, which can be facilely released, ionized and detected in MALDI-TOF MS. This strategy converts the analysis of glycans to the detection of DNA probes, overcoming the complicated composition and low ionization efficiency of glycans, enabling in situ detection and facilitating multiplex analysis. 30034684 6 46 theme intrinsic 1012:1020 arg1 distribution 1022:1033 the intrinsic distribution 1008:1033 the intrinsic distribution of glycans in tissues using MALDI imaging mass spectrometry 1008:1093 This approach has been applied to evaluate glycomic alterations in cancer cells and provided the intrinsic distribution of glycans in tissues using MALDI imaging mass spectrometry. 30034684 3 47 theme DNA-mediated 329:340 arg1 engineering 355:365 DNA-mediated cell surface engineering 329:365 DNA-mediated cell surface engineering for glycan profiling by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) 329:422 Here we report a novel approach using DNA-mediated cell surface engineering for glycan profiling by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS). 25953547 6 0 theme bone 1190:1193 arg1 scaffold 1195:1202 the bone scaffold 1186:1202 the bone scaffold 1186:1202 The test results show that the layer amount of the bone scaffold is proportional to the compressive strength. 25953547 8 1 contain possess 1502:1508 arg2 hydrophilicity 1535:1548 good hydrophilicity 1530:1548 good hydrophilicity 1530:1548 The results of surface observation, porosity, and water contact angle tests show that PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds possess a high porosity and good hydrophilicity; as a result, the braiding manufacture and the bonding technique effectively solve the confliction between porosity and mechanical strength. 25953547 8 1 contain possess 1502:1508 arg1 scaffolds 1492:1500 PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds 1462:1500 PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds 1462:1500 The results of surface observation, porosity, and water contact angle tests show that PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds possess a high porosity and good hydrophilicity; as a result, the braiding manufacture and the bonding technique effectively solve the confliction between porosity and mechanical strength. 25953547 8 1 contain possess 1502:1508 arg2 porosity 1517:1524 a high porosity 1510:1524 a high porosity 1510:1524 The results of surface observation, porosity, and water contact angle tests show that PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds possess a high porosity and good hydrophilicity; as a result, the braiding manufacture and the bonding technique effectively solve the confliction between porosity and mechanical strength. 25953547 5 2 theme PLLA/SA/CS 880:889 arg1 scaffolds 910:918 PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds 880:918 PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds 880:918 Next, sodium alginate (SA) microspheres, cross-linked with CaCl2 solution with various concentrations, are combined with PLLA porous braided bone scaffolds to form PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds, which are then observed for surface observation, and tested for porosity, water contact angle, compressive strength, MTT assay, bioactivity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, cell attachment, and statistical analyses. 25953547 8 3 theme PLLA/SA/CS 1462:1471 arg1 scaffolds 1492:1500 PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds 1462:1500 PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds 1462:1500 The results of surface observation, porosity, and water contact angle tests show that PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds possess a high porosity and good hydrophilicity; as a result, the braiding manufacture and the bonding technique effectively solve the confliction between porosity and mechanical strength. 25953547 1 4 theme adequate 287:294 arg1 strengths 307:315 adequate mechanical strengths 287:315 adequate mechanical strengths 287:315 Bone scaffolds require a three-dimensional structure, high porosity, interconnected pores, adequate mechanical strengths, and non-toxicity. 25953547 0 5 theme adhesion 104:111 arg1 technique 113:121 manufacture and adhesion technique 88:121 manufacture and adhesion technique 88:121 Poly-L-lactide/sodium alginate/chitosan microsphere hybrid scaffolds made with braiding manufacture and adhesion technique: Solution to the incongruence between porosity and compressive strength. 25953547 6 6 theme compressive 1227:1237 arg1 strength 1239:1246 the compressive strength 1223:1246 the compressive strength 1223:1246 The test results show that the layer amount of the bone scaffold is proportional to the compressive strength. 25953547 1 7 theme Bone 196:199 arg1 scaffolds 201:209 Bone scaffolds 196:209 Bone scaffolds 196:209 Bone scaffolds require a three-dimensional structure, high porosity, interconnected pores, adequate mechanical strengths, and non-toxicity. 25953547 1 8 theme mechanical 296:305 arg1 strengths 307:315 adequate mechanical strengths 287:315 adequate mechanical strengths 287:315 Bone scaffolds require a three-dimensional structure, high porosity, interconnected pores, adequate mechanical strengths, and non-toxicity. 25953547 5 9 theme cell 1096:1099 arg1 attachment 1101:1110 cell attachment 1096:1110 cell attachment 1096:1110 Next, sodium alginate (SA) microspheres, cross-linked with CaCl2 solution with various concentrations, are combined with PLLA porous braided bone scaffolds to form PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds, which are then observed for surface observation, and tested for porosity, water contact angle, compressive strength, MTT assay, bioactivity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, cell attachment, and statistical analyses. 25953547 5 10 theme surface 949:955 arg1 observation 957:967 surface observation 949:967 surface observation 949:967 Next, sodium alginate (SA) microspheres, cross-linked with CaCl2 solution with various concentrations, are combined with PLLA porous braided bone scaffolds to form PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds, which are then observed for surface observation, and tested for porosity, water contact angle, compressive strength, MTT assay, bioactivity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, cell attachment, and statistical analyses. 25953547 2 11 with incongruent 355:365 arg1 strengths 383:391 mechanical strengths 372:391 mechanical strengths 372:391 A high porosity is incongruent with mechanical strengths. 25953547 5 12 theme sodium 722:727 arg1 microspheres 743:754 sodium alginate (SA) microspheres 722:754 sodium alginate (SA) microspheres 722:754 Next, sodium alginate (SA) microspheres, cross-linked with CaCl2 solution with various concentrations, are combined with PLLA porous braided bone scaffolds to form PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds, which are then observed for surface observation, and tested for porosity, water contact angle, compressive strength, MTT assay, bioactivity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, cell attachment, and statistical analyses. 25953547 5 13 theme alkaline 1062:1069 arg1 ALP 1084:1086 ALP 1084:1086 ALP 1084:1086 Next, sodium alginate (SA) microspheres, cross-linked with CaCl2 solution with various concentrations, are combined with PLLA porous braided bone scaffolds to form PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds, which are then observed for surface observation, and tested for porosity, water contact angle, compressive strength, MTT assay, bioactivity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, cell attachment, and statistical analyses. 25953547 5 13 theme alkaline 1062:1069 arg1 phosphatase 1071:1081 alkaline phosphatase 1062:1081 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay 1062:1093 Next, sodium alginate (SA) microspheres, cross-linked with CaCl2 solution with various concentrations, are combined with PLLA porous braided bone scaffolds to form PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds, which are then observed for surface observation, and tested for porosity, water contact angle, compressive strength, MTT assay, bioactivity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, cell attachment, and statistical analyses. 25953547 8 14 theme braiding 1568:1575 arg1 manufacture 1577:1587 the braiding manufacture 1564:1587 the braiding manufacture 1564:1587 The results of surface observation, porosity, and water contact angle tests show that PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds possess a high porosity and good hydrophilicity; as a result, the braiding manufacture and the bonding technique effectively solve the confliction between porosity and mechanical strength. 25953547 5 15 theme alginate 729:736 arg1 microspheres 743:754 sodium alginate (SA) microspheres 722:754 sodium alginate (SA) microspheres 722:754 Next, sodium alginate (SA) microspheres, cross-linked with CaCl2 solution with various concentrations, are combined with PLLA porous braided bone scaffolds to form PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds, which are then observed for surface observation, and tested for porosity, water contact angle, compressive strength, MTT assay, bioactivity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, cell attachment, and statistical analyses. 25953547 5 16 theme phosphatase 1071:1081 arg1 assay 1089:1093 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay 1062:1093 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay 1062:1093 Next, sodium alginate (SA) microspheres, cross-linked with CaCl2 solution with various concentrations, are combined with PLLA porous braided bone scaffolds to form PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds, which are then observed for surface observation, and tested for porosity, water contact angle, compressive strength, MTT assay, bioactivity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, cell attachment, and statistical analyses. 25953547 7 17 theme same 1258:1261 arg1 number 1263:1268 the same number 1254:1268 the same number of layers 1254:1278 With the same number of layers, the compressive strength is inversely proportional to the concentration of the CaCl2 solution. 25953547 7 18 theme solution 1366:1373 arg1 concentration 1339:1351 the concentration 1335:1351 the concentration of the CaCl2 solution 1335:1373 With the same number of layers, the compressive strength is inversely proportional to the concentration of the CaCl2 solution. 25953547 9 19 theme ALP 1756:1758 arg1 results 1760:1766 cell activity and ALP results 1738:1766 results 1760:1766 The concentration of CaCl2 does not pertain to cell activity and ALP results, exemplified by good cell attachment on bone scaffolds for each specification. 25953547 5 20 theme porous 842:847 arg1 scaffolds 862:870 PLLA porous braided bone scaffolds 837:870 PLLA porous braided bone scaffolds 837:870 Next, sodium alginate (SA) microspheres, cross-linked with CaCl2 solution with various concentrations, are combined with PLLA porous braided bone scaffolds to form PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds, which are then observed for surface observation, and tested for porosity, water contact angle, compressive strength, MTT assay, bioactivity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, cell attachment, and statistical analyses. 25953547 9 21 theme cell 1789:1792 arg1 attachment 1794:1803 good cell attachment 1784:1803 good cell attachment on bone scaffolds for each specification 1784:1844 The concentration of CaCl2 does not pertain to cell activity and ALP results, exemplified by good cell attachment on bone scaffolds for each specification. 25953547 4 22 dep braided 596:602 arg1 treated 675:681 treated 675:681 treated at 165 °C for various durations 675:713 First, poly-L-lactide (PLLA) plied yarns are braided into 5-, 10-, 15-, 20-, and 25-layer hollow braids, and then thermally treated at 165 °C for various durations. 25953547 5 23 theme various 795:801 arg1 concentrations 803:816 various concentrations 795:816 various concentrations 795:816 Next, sodium alginate (SA) microspheres, cross-linked with CaCl2 solution with various concentrations, are combined with PLLA porous braided bone scaffolds to form PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds, which are then observed for surface observation, and tested for porosity, water contact angle, compressive strength, MTT assay, bioactivity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, cell attachment, and statistical analyses. 25953547 8 24 theme mechanical 1670:1679 arg1 strength 1681:1688 mechanical strength 1670:1688 mechanical strength 1670:1688 The results of surface observation, porosity, and water contact angle tests show that PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds possess a high porosity and good hydrophilicity; as a result, the braiding manufacture and the bonding technique effectively solve the confliction between porosity and mechanical strength. 25953547 5 25 theme braided 849:855 arg1 scaffolds 862:870 PLLA porous braided bone scaffolds 837:870 PLLA porous braided bone scaffolds 837:870 Next, sodium alginate (SA) microspheres, cross-linked with CaCl2 solution with various concentrations, are combined with PLLA porous braided bone scaffolds to form PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds, which are then observed for surface observation, and tested for porosity, water contact angle, compressive strength, MTT assay, bioactivity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, cell attachment, and statistical analyses. 25953547 3 26 theme braiding 427:434 arg1 method 436:441 a braiding method 425:441 a braiding method 425:441 Therefore, this study combines a braiding method and microsphere solution to create bone scaffolds with a high porosity and sufficient mechanical strengths. 25953547 5 27 theme microsphere 891:901 arg1 scaffolds 910:918 PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds 880:918 PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds 880:918 Next, sodium alginate (SA) microspheres, cross-linked with CaCl2 solution with various concentrations, are combined with PLLA porous braided bone scaffolds to form PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds, which are then observed for surface observation, and tested for porosity, water contact angle, compressive strength, MTT assay, bioactivity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, cell attachment, and statistical analyses. 25953547 6 28 theme scaffold 1195:1202 arg1 amount 1176:1181 the layer amount 1166:1181 the layer amount of the bone scaffold 1166:1202 The test results show that the layer amount of the bone scaffold is proportional to the compressive strength. 25953547 6 28 theme scaffold 1195:1202 arg1 proportional 1207:1218 proportional 1207:1218 proportional 1207:1218 The test results show that the layer amount of the bone scaffold is proportional to the compressive strength. 25953547 6 28 theme scaffold 1195:1202 arg1 scaffold 1195:1202 the bone scaffold 1186:1202 the bone scaffold 1186:1202 The test results show that the layer amount of the bone scaffold is proportional to the compressive strength. 25953547 5 29 theme statistical 1117:1127 arg1 analyses 1129:1136 statistical analyses 1117:1136 statistical analyses 1117:1136 Next, sodium alginate (SA) microspheres, cross-linked with CaCl2 solution with various concentrations, are combined with PLLA porous braided bone scaffolds to form PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds, which are then observed for surface observation, and tested for porosity, water contact angle, compressive strength, MTT assay, bioactivity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, cell attachment, and statistical analyses. 25953547 5 30 theme bone 857:860 arg1 scaffolds 862:870 PLLA porous braided bone scaffolds 837:870 PLLA porous braided bone scaffolds 837:870 Next, sodium alginate (SA) microspheres, cross-linked with CaCl2 solution with various concentrations, are combined with PLLA porous braided bone scaffolds to form PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds, which are then observed for surface observation, and tested for porosity, water contact angle, compressive strength, MTT assay, bioactivity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, cell attachment, and statistical analyses. 25953547 0 31 theme Poly-L-lactide/sodium 0:20 arg1 hybrid 52:57 Poly-L-lactide/sodium alginate/chitosan microsphere hybrid 0:57 Poly-L-lactide/sodium alginate/chitosan microsphere hybrid 0:57 Poly-L-lactide/sodium alginate/chitosan microsphere hybrid scaffolds made with braiding manufacture and adhesion technique: Solution to the incongruence between porosity and compressive strength. 25953547 5 32 theme MTT 1038:1040 arg1 assay 1042:1046 MTT assay 1038:1046 MTT assay 1038:1046 Next, sodium alginate (SA) microspheres, cross-linked with CaCl2 solution with various concentrations, are combined with PLLA porous braided bone scaffolds to form PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds, which are then observed for surface observation, and tested for porosity, water contact angle, compressive strength, MTT assay, bioactivity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, cell attachment, and statistical analyses. 25953547 7 33 theme CaCl2 1360:1364 arg1 solution 1366:1373 the CaCl2 solution 1356:1373 the CaCl2 solution 1356:1373 With the same number of layers, the compressive strength is inversely proportional to the concentration of the CaCl2 solution. 25953547 3 34 theme bone 478:481 arg1 scaffolds 483:491 bone scaffolds 478:491 bone scaffolds 478:491 Therefore, this study combines a braiding method and microsphere solution to create bone scaffolds with a high porosity and sufficient mechanical strengths. 25953547 8 35 theme water 1426:1430 arg1 results 1380:1386 The results 1376:1386 The results of surface observation, porosity, and water contact angle tests 1376:1450 The results of surface observation, porosity, and water contact angle tests show that PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds possess a high porosity and good hydrophilicity; as a result, the braiding manufacture and the bonding technique effectively solve the confliction between porosity and mechanical strength. 25953547 6 36 theme layer 1170:1174 arg1 amount 1176:1181 the layer amount 1166:1181 the layer amount of the bone scaffold 1166:1202 The test results show that the layer amount of the bone scaffold is proportional to the compressive strength. 25953547 6 36 theme layer 1170:1174 arg1 proportional 1207:1218 proportional 1207:1218 proportional 1207:1218 The test results show that the layer amount of the bone scaffold is proportional to the compressive strength. 25953547 6 36 theme layer 1170:1174 arg1 scaffold 1195:1202 the bone scaffold 1186:1202 the bone scaffold 1186:1202 The test results show that the layer amount of the bone scaffold is proportional to the compressive strength. 25953547 9 37 from attachment 1794:1803 arg1 scaffolds 1813:1821 bone scaffolds 1808:1821 bone scaffolds for each specification 1808:1844 The concentration of CaCl2 does not pertain to cell activity and ALP results, exemplified by good cell attachment on bone scaffolds for each specification. 25953547 4 38 theme hollow 641:646 arg1 braids 648:653 5-, 10-, 15-, 20-, and 25-layer hollow braids 609:653 5-, 10-, 15-, 20-, and 25-layer hollow braids 609:653 First, poly-L-lactide (PLLA) plied yarns are braided into 5-, 10-, 15-, 20-, and 25-layer hollow braids, and then thermally treated at 165 °C for various durations. 25953547 0 39 theme microsphere 40:50 arg1 hybrid 52:57 Poly-L-lactide/sodium alginate/chitosan microsphere hybrid 0:57 Poly-L-lactide/sodium alginate/chitosan microsphere hybrid 0:57 Poly-L-lactide/sodium alginate/chitosan microsphere hybrid scaffolds made with braiding manufacture and adhesion technique: Solution to the incongruence between porosity and compressive strength. 25953547 8 40 theme high 1512:1515 arg1 porosity 1517:1524 a high porosity 1510:1524 a high porosity 1510:1524 The results of surface observation, porosity, and water contact angle tests show that PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds possess a high porosity and good hydrophilicity; as a result, the braiding manufacture and the bonding technique effectively solve the confliction between porosity and mechanical strength. 25953547 9 41 theme good 1784:1787 arg1 attachment 1794:1803 good cell attachment 1784:1803 good cell attachment on bone scaffolds for each specification 1784:1844 The concentration of CaCl2 does not pertain to cell activity and ALP results, exemplified by good cell attachment on bone scaffolds for each specification. 25953547 6 42 theme test 1143:1146 arg1 results 1148:1154 The test results 1139:1154 The test results 1139:1154 The test results show that the layer amount of the bone scaffold is proportional to the compressive strength. 25953547 2 43 theme high 338:341 arg1 porosity 343:350 A high porosity 336:350 A high porosity 336:350 A high porosity is incongruent with mechanical strengths. 25953547 2 43 theme high 338:341 arg1 incongruent 355:365 incongruent 355:365 incongruent 355:365 A high porosity is incongruent with mechanical strengths. 25953547 4 44 theme 25-layer 632:639 arg1 braids 648:653 5-, 10-, 15-, 20-, and 25-layer hollow braids 609:653 5-, 10-, 15-, 20-, and 25-layer hollow braids 609:653 First, poly-L-lactide (PLLA) plied yarns are braided into 5-, 10-, 15-, 20-, and 25-layer hollow braids, and then thermally treated at 165 °C for various durations. 25953547 8 45 theme good 1530:1533 arg1 hydrophilicity 1535:1548 good hydrophilicity 1530:1548 good hydrophilicity 1530:1548 The results of surface observation, porosity, and water contact angle tests show that PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds possess a high porosity and good hydrophilicity; as a result, the braiding manufacture and the bonding technique effectively solve the confliction between porosity and mechanical strength. 25953547 5 46 theme water 995:999 arg1 angle 1009:1013 water contact angle 995:1013 water contact angle 995:1013 Next, sodium alginate (SA) microspheres, cross-linked with CaCl2 solution with various concentrations, are combined with PLLA porous braided bone scaffolds to form PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds, which are then observed for surface observation, and tested for porosity, water contact angle, compressive strength, MTT assay, bioactivity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, cell attachment, and statistical analyses. 25953547 1 47 theme three-dimensional 221:237 arg1 structure 239:247 a three-dimensional structure 219:247 a three-dimensional structure 219:247 Bone scaffolds require a three-dimensional structure, high porosity, interconnected pores, adequate mechanical strengths, and non-toxicity. 25953547 1 48 theme high 250:253 arg1 pores 280:284 high porosity, interconnected pores 250:284 high porosity, interconnected pores 250:284 Bone scaffolds require a three-dimensional structure, high porosity, interconnected pores, adequate mechanical strengths, and non-toxicity. 25953547 7 49 theme layers 1273:1278 arg1 number 1263:1268 the same number 1254:1268 the same number of layers 1254:1278 With the same number of layers, the compressive strength is inversely proportional to the concentration of the CaCl2 solution. 25953547 0 50 theme porosity 161:168 arg1 strength 186:193 porosity and compressive strength 161:193 porosity and compressive strength 161:193 Poly-L-lactide/sodium alginate/chitosan microsphere hybrid scaffolds made with braiding manufacture and adhesion technique: Solution to the incongruence between porosity and compressive strength. 25953547 5 51 theme contact 1001:1007 arg1 angle 1009:1013 water contact angle 995:1013 water contact angle 995:1013 Next, sodium alginate (SA) microspheres, cross-linked with CaCl2 solution with various concentrations, are combined with PLLA porous braided bone scaffolds to form PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds, which are then observed for surface observation, and tested for porosity, water contact angle, compressive strength, MTT assay, bioactivity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, cell attachment, and statistical analyses. 25953547 5 52 theme PLLA 837:840 arg1 scaffolds 862:870 PLLA porous braided bone scaffolds 837:870 PLLA porous braided bone scaffolds 837:870 Next, sodium alginate (SA) microspheres, cross-linked with CaCl2 solution with various concentrations, are combined with PLLA porous braided bone scaffolds to form PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds, which are then observed for surface observation, and tested for porosity, water contact angle, compressive strength, MTT assay, bioactivity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, cell attachment, and statistical analyses. 25953547 3 53 theme high 500:503 arg1 porosity 505:512 a high porosity 498:512 a high porosity 498:512 Therefore, this study combines a braiding method and microsphere solution to create bone scaffolds with a high porosity and sufficient mechanical strengths. 25953547 5 54 theme CaCl2 775:779 arg1 solution 781:788 CaCl2 solution 775:788 CaCl2 solution 775:788 Next, sodium alginate (SA) microspheres, cross-linked with CaCl2 solution with various concentrations, are combined with PLLA porous braided bone scaffolds to form PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds, which are then observed for surface observation, and tested for porosity, water contact angle, compressive strength, MTT assay, bioactivity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, cell attachment, and statistical analyses. 25953547 8 55 dep observation 1399:1409 arg1 tests 1446:1450 contact angle tests 1432:1450 contact angle tests 1432:1450 The results of surface observation, porosity, and water contact angle tests show that PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds possess a high porosity and good hydrophilicity; as a result, the braiding manufacture and the bonding technique effectively solve the confliction between porosity and mechanical strength. 25953547 8 56 theme observation 1399:1409 arg1 results 1380:1386 The results 1376:1386 The results of surface observation, porosity, and water contact angle tests 1376:1450 The results of surface observation, porosity, and water contact angle tests show that PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds possess a high porosity and good hydrophilicity; as a result, the braiding manufacture and the bonding technique effectively solve the confliction between porosity and mechanical strength. 25953547 8 57 theme contact 1432:1438 arg1 tests 1446:1450 contact angle tests 1432:1450 contact angle tests 1432:1450 The results of surface observation, porosity, and water contact angle tests show that PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds possess a high porosity and good hydrophilicity; as a result, the braiding manufacture and the bonding technique effectively solve the confliction between porosity and mechanical strength. 25953547 8 58 theme hybrid 1485:1490 arg1 scaffolds 1492:1500 PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds 1462:1500 PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds 1462:1500 The results of surface observation, porosity, and water contact angle tests show that PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds possess a high porosity and good hydrophilicity; as a result, the braiding manufacture and the bonding technique effectively solve the confliction between porosity and mechanical strength. 25953547 5 59 theme hybrid 903:908 arg1 scaffolds 910:918 PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds 880:918 PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds 880:918 Next, sodium alginate (SA) microspheres, cross-linked with CaCl2 solution with various concentrations, are combined with PLLA porous braided bone scaffolds to form PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds, which are then observed for surface observation, and tested for porosity, water contact angle, compressive strength, MTT assay, bioactivity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, cell attachment, and statistical analyses. 25953547 3 60 theme microsphere 447:457 arg1 solution 459:466 microsphere solution 447:466 microsphere solution 447:466 Therefore, this study combines a braiding method and microsphere solution to create bone scaffolds with a high porosity and sufficient mechanical strengths. 25953547 0 61 theme compressive 174:184 arg1 strength 186:193 porosity and compressive strength 161:193 porosity and compressive strength 161:193 Poly-L-lactide/sodium alginate/chitosan microsphere hybrid scaffolds made with braiding manufacture and adhesion technique: Solution to the incongruence between porosity and compressive strength. 25953547 5 62 theme compressive 1016:1026 arg1 strength 1028:1035 compressive strength 1016:1035 compressive strength 1016:1035 Next, sodium alginate (SA) microspheres, cross-linked with CaCl2 solution with various concentrations, are combined with PLLA porous braided bone scaffolds to form PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds, which are then observed for surface observation, and tested for porosity, water contact angle, compressive strength, MTT assay, bioactivity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, cell attachment, and statistical analyses. 25953547 0 63 dep scaffolds 59:67 arg1 made 69:72 made 69:72 scaffolds made with braiding manufacture and adhesion technique 59:121 Poly-L-lactide/sodium alginate/chitosan microsphere hybrid scaffolds made with braiding manufacture and adhesion technique: Solution to the incongruence between porosity and compressive strength. 25953547 0 63 dep scaffolds 59:67 arg1 Solution 124:131 Solution 124:131 Solution to the incongruence between porosity and compressive strength 124:193 Poly-L-lactide/sodium alginate/chitosan microsphere hybrid scaffolds made with braiding manufacture and adhesion technique: Solution to the incongruence between porosity and compressive strength. 25953547 4 64 theme various 697:703 arg1 durations 705:713 various durations 697:713 various durations 697:713 First, poly-L-lactide (PLLA) plied yarns are braided into 5-, 10-, 15-, 20-, and 25-layer hollow braids, and then thermally treated at 165 °C for various durations. 25953547 4 65 theme plied 580:584 arg1 yarns 586:590 poly-L-lactide (PLLA) plied yarns 558:590 poly-L-lactide (PLLA) plied yarns 558:590 First, poly-L-lactide (PLLA) plied yarns are braided into 5-, 10-, 15-, 20-, and 25-layer hollow braids, and then thermally treated at 165 °C for various durations. 25953547 8 66 theme porosity 1412:1419 arg1 results 1380:1386 The results 1376:1386 The results of surface observation, porosity, and water contact angle tests 1376:1450 The results of surface observation, porosity, and water contact angle tests show that PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds possess a high porosity and good hydrophilicity; as a result, the braiding manufacture and the bonding technique effectively solve the confliction between porosity and mechanical strength. 25953547 9 67 theme cell 1738:1741 arg1 activity 1743:1750 cell activity and ALP results 1738:1766 activity 1743:1750 The concentration of CaCl2 does not pertain to cell activity and ALP results, exemplified by good cell attachment on bone scaffolds for each specification. 25953547 2 68 theme mechanical 372:381 arg1 strengths 383:391 mechanical strengths 372:391 mechanical strengths 372:391 A high porosity is incongruent with mechanical strengths. 25953547 8 69 theme surface 1391:1397 arg1 observation 1399:1409 surface observation 1391:1409 surface observation 1391:1409 The results of surface observation, porosity, and water contact angle tests show that PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds possess a high porosity and good hydrophilicity; as a result, the braiding manufacture and the bonding technique effectively solve the confliction between porosity and mechanical strength. 25953547 1 70 dep porosity 255:262 arg1 interconnected 265:278 interconnected 265:278 interconnected 265:278 Bone scaffolds require a three-dimensional structure, high porosity, interconnected pores, adequate mechanical strengths, and non-toxicity. 25953547 3 71 theme mechanical 529:538 arg1 strengths 540:548 sufficient mechanical strengths 518:548 sufficient mechanical strengths 518:548 Therefore, this study combines a braiding method and microsphere solution to create bone scaffolds with a high porosity and sufficient mechanical strengths. 25953547 9 72 theme bone 1808:1811 arg1 scaffolds 1813:1821 bone scaffolds 1808:1821 bone scaffolds for each specification 1808:1844 The concentration of CaCl2 does not pertain to cell activity and ALP results, exemplified by good cell attachment on bone scaffolds for each specification. 25953547 3 73 theme sufficient 518:527 arg1 strengths 540:548 sufficient mechanical strengths 518:548 sufficient mechanical strengths 518:548 Therefore, this study combines a braiding method and microsphere solution to create bone scaffolds with a high porosity and sufficient mechanical strengths. 25953547 5 74 theme SA 739:740 arg1 microspheres 743:754 sodium alginate (SA) microspheres 722:754 sodium alginate (SA) microspheres 722:754 Next, sodium alginate (SA) microspheres, cross-linked with CaCl2 solution with various concentrations, are combined with PLLA porous braided bone scaffolds to form PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds, which are then observed for surface observation, and tested for porosity, water contact angle, compressive strength, MTT assay, bioactivity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, cell attachment, and statistical analyses. 25953547 1 75 theme porosity 255:262 arg1 pores 280:284 high porosity, interconnected pores 250:284 high porosity, interconnected pores 250:284 Bone scaffolds require a three-dimensional structure, high porosity, interconnected pores, adequate mechanical strengths, and non-toxicity. 25953547 9 76 theme CaCl2 1712:1716 arg1 concentration 1695:1707 The concentration 1691:1707 The concentration of CaCl2 1691:1716 The concentration of CaCl2 does not pertain to cell activity and ALP results, exemplified by good cell attachment on bone scaffolds for each specification. 25953547 8 77 theme microsphere 1473:1483 arg1 scaffolds 1492:1500 PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds 1462:1500 PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds 1462:1500 The results of surface observation, porosity, and water contact angle tests show that PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds possess a high porosity and good hydrophilicity; as a result, the braiding manufacture and the bonding technique effectively solve the confliction between porosity and mechanical strength. 25953547 8 78 theme bonding 1597:1603 arg1 technique 1605:1613 the bonding technique 1593:1613 the bonding technique 1593:1613 The results of surface observation, porosity, and water contact angle tests show that PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds possess a high porosity and good hydrophilicity; as a result, the braiding manufacture and the bonding technique effectively solve the confliction between porosity and mechanical strength. 25953547 0 79 theme manufacture 88:98 arg1 technique 113:121 manufacture and adhesion technique 88:121 manufacture and adhesion technique 88:121 Poly-L-lactide/sodium alginate/chitosan microsphere hybrid scaffolds made with braiding manufacture and adhesion technique: Solution to the incongruence between porosity and compressive strength. 25953547 8 80 theme angle 1440:1444 arg1 tests 1446:1450 contact angle tests 1432:1450 contact angle tests 1432:1450 The results of surface observation, porosity, and water contact angle tests show that PLLA/SA/CS microsphere hybrid scaffolds possess a high porosity and good hydrophilicity; as a result, the braiding manufacture and the bonding technique effectively solve the confliction between porosity and mechanical strength. 25953547 7 81 theme compressive 1285:1295 arg1 strength 1297:1304 the compressive strength 1281:1304 the compressive strength 1281:1304 With the same number of layers, the compressive strength is inversely proportional to the concentration of the CaCl2 solution. 25953547 7 81 theme compressive 1285:1295 arg1 proportional 1319:1330 proportional 1319:1330 proportional 1319:1330 With the same number of layers, the compressive strength is inversely proportional to the concentration of the CaCl2 solution. 25953547 0 82 theme alginate/chitosan 22:38 arg1 hybrid 52:57 Poly-L-lactide/sodium alginate/chitosan microsphere hybrid 0:57 Poly-L-lactide/sodium alginate/chitosan microsphere hybrid 0:57 Poly-L-lactide/sodium alginate/chitosan microsphere hybrid scaffolds made with braiding manufacture and adhesion technique: Solution to the incongruence between porosity and compressive strength. 25953547 7 83 with proportional 1319:1330 arg1 number 1263:1268 the same number 1254:1268 the same number of layers 1254:1278 With the same number of layers, the compressive strength is inversely proportional to the concentration of the CaCl2 solution. 23109502 1 0 from disease 179:185 arg1 humans 190:195 humans 190:195 humans 190:195 Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal disease in humans, causing pain, loss of joint motility and function, and severely reducing the standard of living of patients. 23109502 1 1 theme prevalent 153:161 arg1 Osteoarthritis 121:134 Osteoarthritis 121:134 Osteoarthritis (OA) 121:139 Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal disease in humans, causing pain, loss of joint motility and function, and severely reducing the standard of living of patients. 23109502 1 1 theme prevalent 153:161 arg1 disease 179:185 the most prevalent musculoskeletal disease 144:185 the most prevalent musculoskeletal disease in humans 144:195 Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal disease in humans, causing pain, loss of joint motility and function, and severely reducing the standard of living of patients. 23109502 3 2 theme tissue 791:796 arg1 engineering 798:808 cartilage tissue engineering 781:808 cartilage tissue engineering 781:808 The aim of this study was to create composite three dimensional scaffolds comprised of electrospun poly(D,L-lactide)/poly(L-lactide) (PDLA/PLLA) or poly(D,L-lactide)/polycaprolactone (PDLA/PCL) with salt leached pores and an embedded chitosan hydrogel to determine the potential of these scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. 23109502 4 3 theme PDLA/PLLA-hydrogel 811:828 arg1 scaffolds 830:838 PDLA/PLLA-hydrogel scaffolds 811:838 PDLA/PLLA-hydrogel scaffolds 811:838 PDLA/PLLA-hydrogel scaffolds displayed the largest compressive moduli followed by PDLA/PCL-hydrogel scaffolds. 23109502 5 4 theme mechanical 930:939 arg1 tests 941:945 Dynamic mechanical tests 922:945 Dynamic mechanical tests 922:945 Dynamic mechanical tests showed that the PDLA/PLLA scaffolds had no appreciable recovery while PDLA/PCL scaffolds did exhibit some recovery. 23109502 5 5 theme Dynamic 922:928 arg1 tests 941:945 Dynamic mechanical tests 922:945 Dynamic mechanical tests 922:945 Dynamic mechanical tests showed that the PDLA/PLLA scaffolds had no appreciable recovery while PDLA/PCL scaffolds did exhibit some recovery. 23109502 4 6 theme PDLA/PCL-hydrogel 893:909 arg1 scaffolds 911:919 PDLA/PCL-hydrogel scaffolds 893:919 PDLA/PCL-hydrogel scaffolds 893:919 PDLA/PLLA-hydrogel scaffolds displayed the largest compressive moduli followed by PDLA/PCL-hydrogel scaffolds. 23109502 0 7 from hydrogel 56:63 arg1 scaffolds 78:86 composite scaffolds 68:86 composite scaffolds 68:86 PDLA/PLLA and PDLA/PCL nanofibers with a chitosan-based hydrogel in composite scaffolds for tissue engineered cartilage. 23109502 6 8 theme matrix 1177:1182 arg1 components 1149:1158 primary components 1141:1158 primary components of extracellular matrix in cartilage 1141:1195 Primary canine chondrocytes produced both collagen type II and proteoglycans (primary components of extracellular matrix in cartilage) while being cultured on scaffolds composed of electrospun PDLA/PCL. 23109502 3 9 theme composite 515:523 arg1 PDLA/PCL 663:670 PDLA/PCL 663:670 PDLA/PCL 663:670 The aim of this study was to create composite three dimensional scaffolds comprised of electrospun poly(D,L-lactide)/poly(L-lactide) (PDLA/PLLA) or poly(D,L-lactide)/polycaprolactone (PDLA/PCL) with salt leached pores and an embedded chitosan hydrogel to determine the potential of these scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. 23109502 3 9 theme composite 515:523 arg1 /polycaprolactone 644:660 composite three dimensional scaffolds comprised of electrospun poly(D,L-lactide)/poly(L-lactide) (PDLA/PLLA) or poly(D,L-lactide)/polycaprolactone 515:660 composite three dimensional scaffolds comprised of electrospun poly(D,L-lactide)/poly(L-lactide) (PDLA/PLLA) or poly(D,L-lactide)/polycaprolactone (PDLA/PCL) with salt leached pores 515:695 The aim of this study was to create composite three dimensional scaffolds comprised of electrospun poly(D,L-lactide)/poly(L-lactide) (PDLA/PLLA) or poly(D,L-lactide)/polycaprolactone (PDLA/PCL) with salt leached pores and an embedded chitosan hydrogel to determine the potential of these scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. 23109502 6 10 theme Primary 1063:1069 arg1 chondrocytes 1078:1089 Primary canine chondrocytes 1063:1089 Primary canine chondrocytes 1063:1089 Primary canine chondrocytes produced both collagen type II and proteoglycans (primary components of extracellular matrix in cartilage) while being cultured on scaffolds composed of electrospun PDLA/PCL. 23109502 6 11 theme extracellular 1163:1175 arg1 matrix 1177:1182 extracellular matrix 1163:1182 extracellular matrix 1163:1182 Primary canine chondrocytes produced both collagen type II and proteoglycans (primary components of extracellular matrix in cartilage) while being cultured on scaffolds composed of electrospun PDLA/PCL. 23109502 7 12 theme hydrogel 1312:1319 arg1 scaffold 1321:1328 a composite electrospun embedded hydrogel scaffold 1279:1328 a composite electrospun embedded hydrogel scaffold 1279:1328 As a result, a composite electrospun embedded hydrogel scaffold shows promise for treating individuals suffering from OA. 23109502 1 13 theme musculoskeletal 163:177 arg1 Osteoarthritis 121:134 Osteoarthritis 121:134 Osteoarthritis (OA) 121:139 Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal disease in humans, causing pain, loss of joint motility and function, and severely reducing the standard of living of patients. 23109502 1 13 theme musculoskeletal 163:177 arg1 disease 179:185 the most prevalent musculoskeletal disease 144:185 the most prevalent musculoskeletal disease in humans 144:195 Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal disease in humans, causing pain, loss of joint motility and function, and severely reducing the standard of living of patients. 23109502 6 14 theme canine 1071:1076 arg1 chondrocytes 1078:1089 Primary canine chondrocytes 1063:1089 Primary canine chondrocytes 1063:1089 Primary canine chondrocytes produced both collagen type II and proteoglycans (primary components of extracellular matrix in cartilage) while being cultured on scaffolds composed of electrospun PDLA/PCL. 23109502 6 15 dep proteoglycans 1126:1138 arg1 components 1149:1158 primary components 1141:1158 primary components of extracellular matrix in cartilage 1141:1195 Primary canine chondrocytes produced both collagen type II and proteoglycans (primary components of extracellular matrix in cartilage) while being cultured on scaffolds composed of electrospun PDLA/PCL. 23109502 6 16 theme electrospun 1244:1254 arg1 PDLA/PCL 1256:1263 electrospun PDLA/PCL 1244:1263 electrospun PDLA/PCL 1244:1263 Primary canine chondrocytes produced both collagen type II and proteoglycans (primary components of extracellular matrix in cartilage) while being cultured on scaffolds composed of electrospun PDLA/PCL. 23109502 3 17 theme scaffolds 543:551 arg1 PDLA/PCL 663:670 PDLA/PCL 663:670 PDLA/PCL 663:670 The aim of this study was to create composite three dimensional scaffolds comprised of electrospun poly(D,L-lactide)/poly(L-lactide) (PDLA/PLLA) or poly(D,L-lactide)/polycaprolactone (PDLA/PCL) with salt leached pores and an embedded chitosan hydrogel to determine the potential of these scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. 23109502 3 17 theme scaffolds 543:551 arg1 /polycaprolactone 644:660 composite three dimensional scaffolds comprised of electrospun poly(D,L-lactide)/poly(L-lactide) (PDLA/PLLA) or poly(D,L-lactide)/polycaprolactone 515:660 composite three dimensional scaffolds comprised of electrospun poly(D,L-lactide)/poly(L-lactide) (PDLA/PLLA) or poly(D,L-lactide)/polycaprolactone (PDLA/PCL) with salt leached pores 515:695 The aim of this study was to create composite three dimensional scaffolds comprised of electrospun poly(D,L-lactide)/poly(L-lactide) (PDLA/PLLA) or poly(D,L-lactide)/polycaprolactone (PDLA/PCL) with salt leached pores and an embedded chitosan hydrogel to determine the potential of these scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. 23109502 3 18 dep poly 578:581 arg1 L-lactide 585:593 L-lactide 585:593 L-lactide 585:593 The aim of this study was to create composite three dimensional scaffolds comprised of electrospun poly(D,L-lactide)/poly(L-lactide) (PDLA/PLLA) or poly(D,L-lactide)/polycaprolactone (PDLA/PCL) with salt leached pores and an embedded chitosan hydrogel to determine the potential of these scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. 23109502 3 18 dep poly 578:581 arg1 D 583:583 D 583:583 D 583:583 The aim of this study was to create composite three dimensional scaffolds comprised of electrospun poly(D,L-lactide)/poly(L-lactide) (PDLA/PLLA) or poly(D,L-lactide)/polycaprolactone (PDLA/PCL) with salt leached pores and an embedded chitosan hydrogel to determine the potential of these scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. 23109502 3 19 dep poly 627:630 arg1 D 632:632 D 632:632 D 632:632 The aim of this study was to create composite three dimensional scaffolds comprised of electrospun poly(D,L-lactide)/poly(L-lactide) (PDLA/PLLA) or poly(D,L-lactide)/polycaprolactone (PDLA/PCL) with salt leached pores and an embedded chitosan hydrogel to determine the potential of these scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. 23109502 3 19 dep poly 627:630 arg1 L-lactide 634:642 L-lactide 634:642 L-lactide 634:642 The aim of this study was to create composite three dimensional scaffolds comprised of electrospun poly(D,L-lactide)/poly(L-lactide) (PDLA/PLLA) or poly(D,L-lactide)/polycaprolactone (PDLA/PCL) with salt leached pores and an embedded chitosan hydrogel to determine the potential of these scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. 23109502 6 20 theme primary 1141:1147 arg1 components 1149:1158 primary components 1141:1158 primary components of extracellular matrix in cartilage 1141:1195 Primary canine chondrocytes produced both collagen type II and proteoglycans (primary components of extracellular matrix in cartilage) while being cultured on scaffolds composed of electrospun PDLA/PCL. 23109502 2 21 theme damaged 359:365 arg1 tissue 367:372 the damaged tissue 355:372 the damaged tissue of individuals suffering from OA 355:405 Cartilage tissue engineering attempts to repair the damaged tissue of individuals suffering from OA by providing mechanical support to the joint as new tissue regenerates. 23109502 2 22 theme mechanical 420:429 arg1 support 431:437 mechanical support 420:437 mechanical support to the joint 420:450 Cartilage tissue engineering attempts to repair the damaged tissue of individuals suffering from OA by providing mechanical support to the joint as new tissue regenerates. 23109502 3 23 theme salt 678:681 arg1 pores 691:695 salt leached pores 678:695 salt leached pores 678:695 The aim of this study was to create composite three dimensional scaffolds comprised of electrospun poly(D,L-lactide)/poly(L-lactide) (PDLA/PLLA) or poly(D,L-lactide)/polycaprolactone (PDLA/PCL) with salt leached pores and an embedded chitosan hydrogel to determine the potential of these scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. 23109502 3 24 theme electrospun 566:576 arg1 poly 578:581 electrospun poly 566:581 electrospun poly(D,L-lactide)/poly(L-lactide) (PDLA/PLLA) 566:622 The aim of this study was to create composite three dimensional scaffolds comprised of electrospun poly(D,L-lactide)/poly(L-lactide) (PDLA/PLLA) or poly(D,L-lactide)/polycaprolactone (PDLA/PCL) with salt leached pores and an embedded chitosan hydrogel to determine the potential of these scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. 23109502 3 24 theme electrospun 566:576 arg1 L-lactide 601:609 L-lactide 601:609 L-lactide 601:609 The aim of this study was to create composite three dimensional scaffolds comprised of electrospun poly(D,L-lactide)/poly(L-lactide) (PDLA/PLLA) or poly(D,L-lactide)/polycaprolactone (PDLA/PCL) with salt leached pores and an embedded chitosan hydrogel to determine the potential of these scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. 23109502 3 24 theme electrospun 566:576 arg1 PDLA/PLLA 613:621 PDLA/PLLA 613:621 PDLA/PLLA 613:621 The aim of this study was to create composite three dimensional scaffolds comprised of electrospun poly(D,L-lactide)/poly(L-lactide) (PDLA/PLLA) or poly(D,L-lactide)/polycaprolactone (PDLA/PCL) with salt leached pores and an embedded chitosan hydrogel to determine the potential of these scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. 23109502 7 25 theme electrospun 1291:1301 arg1 scaffold 1321:1328 a composite electrospun embedded hydrogel scaffold 1279:1328 a composite electrospun embedded hydrogel scaffold 1279:1328 As a result, a composite electrospun embedded hydrogel scaffold shows promise for treating individuals suffering from OA. 23109502 4 26 theme compressive 862:872 arg1 moduli 874:879 the largest compressive moduli 850:879 the largest compressive moduli followed by PDLA/PCL-hydrogel scaffolds 850:919 PDLA/PLLA-hydrogel scaffolds displayed the largest compressive moduli followed by PDLA/PCL-hydrogel scaffolds. 23109502 3 27 theme dimensional 531:541 arg1 scaffolds 543:551 three dimensional scaffolds 525:551 composite three dimensional scaffolds comprised of electrospun poly(D,L-lactide)/poly(L-lactide) (PDLA/PLLA) or poly(D,L-lactide)/polycaprolactone (PDLA/PCL) with salt leached pores 515:695 The aim of this study was to create composite three dimensional scaffolds comprised of electrospun poly(D,L-lactide)/poly(L-lactide) (PDLA/PLLA) or poly(D,L-lactide)/polycaprolactone (PDLA/PCL) with salt leached pores and an embedded chitosan hydrogel to determine the potential of these scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. 23109502 6 28 from components 1149:1158 arg1 cartilage 1187:1195 cartilage 1187:1195 cartilage 1187:1195 Primary canine chondrocytes produced both collagen type II and proteoglycans (primary components of extracellular matrix in cartilage) while being cultured on scaffolds composed of electrospun PDLA/PCL. 23109502 7 29 theme embedded 1303:1310 arg1 scaffold 1321:1328 a composite electrospun embedded hydrogel scaffold 1279:1328 a composite electrospun embedded hydrogel scaffold 1279:1328 As a result, a composite electrospun embedded hydrogel scaffold shows promise for treating individuals suffering from OA. 23109502 2 30 theme new 455:457 arg1 tissue 459:464 new tissue regenerates 455:476 new tissue regenerates 455:476 Cartilage tissue engineering attempts to repair the damaged tissue of individuals suffering from OA by providing mechanical support to the joint as new tissue regenerates. 23109502 2 31 theme individuals 377:387 arg1 tissue 367:372 the damaged tissue 355:372 the damaged tissue of individuals suffering from OA 355:405 Cartilage tissue engineering attempts to repair the damaged tissue of individuals suffering from OA by providing mechanical support to the joint as new tissue regenerates. 23109502 3 32 theme embedded 704:711 arg1 hydrogel 722:729 an embedded chitosan hydrogel 701:729 an embedded chitosan hydrogel 701:729 The aim of this study was to create composite three dimensional scaffolds comprised of electrospun poly(D,L-lactide)/poly(L-lactide) (PDLA/PLLA) or poly(D,L-lactide)/polycaprolactone (PDLA/PCL) with salt leached pores and an embedded chitosan hydrogel to determine the potential of these scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. 23109502 7 33 theme composite 1281:1289 arg1 scaffold 1321:1328 a composite electrospun embedded hydrogel scaffold 1279:1328 a composite electrospun embedded hydrogel scaffold 1279:1328 As a result, a composite electrospun embedded hydrogel scaffold shows promise for treating individuals suffering from OA. 23109502 1 34 theme living 287:292 arg1 standard 275:282 standard 275:282 standard 275:282 Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal disease in humans, causing pain, loss of joint motility and function, and severely reducing the standard of living of patients. 23109502 0 35 theme chitosan-based 41:54 arg1 hydrogel 56:63 a chitosan-based hydrogel 39:63 a chitosan-based hydrogel in composite scaffolds for tissue engineered cartilage 39:118 PDLA/PLLA and PDLA/PCL nanofibers with a chitosan-based hydrogel in composite scaffolds for tissue engineered cartilage. 23109502 3 36 theme leached 683:689 arg1 pores 691:695 salt leached pores 678:695 salt leached pores 678:695 The aim of this study was to create composite three dimensional scaffolds comprised of electrospun poly(D,L-lactide)/poly(L-lactide) (PDLA/PLLA) or poly(D,L-lactide)/polycaprolactone (PDLA/PCL) with salt leached pores and an embedded chitosan hydrogel to determine the potential of these scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. 23109502 2 37 dep tissue 459:464 arg1 regenerates 466:476 regenerates 466:476 regenerates 466:476 Cartilage tissue engineering attempts to repair the damaged tissue of individuals suffering from OA by providing mechanical support to the joint as new tissue regenerates. 23109502 5 38 theme PDLA/PCL 1017:1024 arg1 scaffolds 1026:1034 PDLA/PCL scaffolds 1017:1034 PDLA/PCL scaffolds 1017:1034 Dynamic mechanical tests showed that the PDLA/PLLA scaffolds had no appreciable recovery while PDLA/PCL scaffolds did exhibit some recovery. 23109502 1 39 dep disease 179:185 arg1 causing 198:204 causing 198:204 causing pain, loss of joint motility and function 198:246 Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal disease in humans, causing pain, loss of joint motility and function, and severely reducing the standard of living of patients. 23109502 1 39 dep disease 179:185 arg1 reducing 262:269 reducing 262:269 reducing the standard of living of patients 262:304 Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal disease in humans, causing pain, loss of joint motility and function, and severely reducing the standard of living of patients. 23109502 2 40 theme tissue 317:322 arg1 engineering 324:334 Cartilage tissue engineering 307:334 Cartilage tissue engineering 307:334 Cartilage tissue engineering attempts to repair the damaged tissue of individuals suffering from OA by providing mechanical support to the joint as new tissue regenerates. 23109502 4 41 theme largest 854:860 arg1 moduli 874:879 the largest compressive moduli 850:879 the largest compressive moduli followed by PDLA/PCL-hydrogel scaffolds 850:919 PDLA/PLLA-hydrogel scaffolds displayed the largest compressive moduli followed by PDLA/PCL-hydrogel scaffolds. 23109502 5 42 theme appreciable 990:1000 arg1 recovery 1002:1009 no appreciable recovery 987:1009 no appreciable recovery 987:1009 Dynamic mechanical tests showed that the PDLA/PLLA scaffolds had no appreciable recovery while PDLA/PCL scaffolds did exhibit some recovery. 23109502 2 43 theme Cartilage 307:315 arg1 engineering 324:334 Cartilage tissue engineering 307:334 Cartilage tissue engineering 307:334 Cartilage tissue engineering attempts to repair the damaged tissue of individuals suffering from OA by providing mechanical support to the joint as new tissue regenerates. 23109502 3 44 theme cartilage 781:789 arg1 engineering 798:808 cartilage tissue engineering 781:808 cartilage tissue engineering 781:808 The aim of this study was to create composite three dimensional scaffolds comprised of electrospun poly(D,L-lactide)/poly(L-lactide) (PDLA/PLLA) or poly(D,L-lactide)/polycaprolactone (PDLA/PCL) with salt leached pores and an embedded chitosan hydrogel to determine the potential of these scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. 23109502 5 45 theme PDLA/PLLA 963:971 arg1 scaffolds 973:981 the PDLA/PLLA scaffolds 959:981 the PDLA/PLLA scaffolds 959:981 Dynamic mechanical tests showed that the PDLA/PLLA scaffolds had no appreciable recovery while PDLA/PCL scaffolds did exhibit some recovery. 23109502 6 46 theme collagen 1105:1112 arg1 type 1114:1117 collagen type II 1105:1120 collagen type II 1105:1120 Primary canine chondrocytes produced both collagen type II and proteoglycans (primary components of extracellular matrix in cartilage) while being cultured on scaffolds composed of electrospun PDLA/PCL. 23109502 3 47 with /polycaprolactone 644:660 arg1 pores 691:695 salt leached pores 678:695 salt leached pores 678:695 The aim of this study was to create composite three dimensional scaffolds comprised of electrospun poly(D,L-lactide)/poly(L-lactide) (PDLA/PLLA) or poly(D,L-lactide)/polycaprolactone (PDLA/PCL) with salt leached pores and an embedded chitosan hydrogel to determine the potential of these scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. 23109502 0 48 theme composite 68:76 arg1 scaffolds 78:86 composite scaffolds 68:86 composite scaffolds 68:86 PDLA/PLLA and PDLA/PCL nanofibers with a chitosan-based hydrogel in composite scaffolds for tissue engineered cartilage. 23109502 3 49 theme scaffolds 767:775 arg1 potential 748:756 the potential 744:756 the potential of these scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering 744:808 The aim of this study was to create composite three dimensional scaffolds comprised of electrospun poly(D,L-lactide)/poly(L-lactide) (PDLA/PLLA) or poly(D,L-lactide)/polycaprolactone (PDLA/PCL) with salt leached pores and an embedded chitosan hydrogel to determine the potential of these scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. 23109502 1 50 theme joint 220:224 arg1 motility 226:233 joint motility 220:233 joint motility 220:233 Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal disease in humans, causing pain, loss of joint motility and function, and severely reducing the standard of living of patients. 23109502 1 51 theme motility 226:233 arg1 function 239:246 function 239:246 function 239:246 Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal disease in humans, causing pain, loss of joint motility and function, and severely reducing the standard of living of patients. 23109502 1 51 theme motility 226:233 arg1 loss 212:215 loss 212:215 loss of joint motility 212:233 Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal disease in humans, causing pain, loss of joint motility and function, and severely reducing the standard of living of patients. 23109502 1 51 theme motility 226:233 arg1 pain 206:209 pain 206:209 pain 206:209 Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal disease in humans, causing pain, loss of joint motility and function, and severely reducing the standard of living of patients. 23109502 3 52 with hydrogel 722:729 arg1 pores 691:695 salt leached pores 678:695 salt leached pores 678:695 The aim of this study was to create composite three dimensional scaffolds comprised of electrospun poly(D,L-lactide)/poly(L-lactide) (PDLA/PLLA) or poly(D,L-lactide)/polycaprolactone (PDLA/PCL) with salt leached pores and an embedded chitosan hydrogel to determine the potential of these scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. 23109502 3 53 theme study 495:499 arg1 aim 483:485 The aim 479:485 The aim of this study 479:499 The aim of this study was to create composite three dimensional scaffolds comprised of electrospun poly(D,L-lactide)/poly(L-lactide) (PDLA/PLLA) or poly(D,L-lactide)/polycaprolactone (PDLA/PCL) with salt leached pores and an embedded chitosan hydrogel to determine the potential of these scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. 23109502 5 54 contain had 983:985 arg1 scaffolds 973:981 the PDLA/PLLA scaffolds 959:981 the PDLA/PLLA scaffolds 959:981 Dynamic mechanical tests showed that the PDLA/PLLA scaffolds had no appreciable recovery while PDLA/PCL scaffolds did exhibit some recovery. 23109502 5 54 contain had 983:985 arg2 recovery 1002:1009 no appreciable recovery 987:1009 no appreciable recovery 987:1009 Dynamic mechanical tests showed that the PDLA/PLLA scaffolds had no appreciable recovery while PDLA/PCL scaffolds did exhibit some recovery. 23109502 3 55 theme chitosan 713:720 arg1 hydrogel 722:729 an embedded chitosan hydrogel 701:729 an embedded chitosan hydrogel 701:729 The aim of this study was to create composite three dimensional scaffolds comprised of electrospun poly(D,L-lactide)/poly(L-lactide) (PDLA/PLLA) or poly(D,L-lactide)/polycaprolactone (PDLA/PCL) with salt leached pores and an embedded chitosan hydrogel to determine the potential of these scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. 26706561 0 0 theme platelet-rich 82:94 arg1 plasma 96:101 platelet-rich plasma 82:101 platelet-rich plasma 82:101 Stabilization of porous chitosan improves the performance of its association with platelet-rich plasma as a composite scaffold. 26706561 2 1 theme cells 525:529 arg1 proliferation 438:450 proliferation 438:450 proliferation 438:450 Thus, we evaluated in vitro performance of stabilized porous chitosan (SPCHTs) associated with activated platelet-rich plasma (aP-PRP) as a composite scaffold for the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-AdMSCs). 26706561 2 1 theme cells 525:529 arg1 differentiation 467:481 osteogenic differentiation 456:481 osteogenic differentiation 456:481 Thus, we evaluated in vitro performance of stabilized porous chitosan (SPCHTs) associated with activated platelet-rich plasma (aP-PRP) as a composite scaffold for the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-AdMSCs). 26706561 2 2 theme platelet-rich 376:388 arg1 aP-PRP 398:403 aP-PRP 398:403 aP-PRP 398:403 Thus, we evaluated in vitro performance of stabilized porous chitosan (SPCHTs) associated with activated platelet-rich plasma (aP-PRP) as a composite scaffold for the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-AdMSCs). 26706561 2 2 theme platelet-rich 376:388 arg1 plasma 390:395 activated platelet-rich plasma 366:395 activated platelet-rich plasma (aP-PRP) as a composite scaffold for the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-AdMSCs) 366:540 Thus, we evaluated in vitro performance of stabilized porous chitosan (SPCHTs) associated with activated platelet-rich plasma (aP-PRP) as a composite scaffold for the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-AdMSCs). 26706561 2 3 theme stem 520:523 arg1 h-AdMSCs 532:539 h-AdMSCs 532:539 h-AdMSCs 532:539 Thus, we evaluated in vitro performance of stabilized porous chitosan (SPCHTs) associated with activated platelet-rich plasma (aP-PRP) as a composite scaffold for the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-AdMSCs). 26706561 2 3 theme stem 520:523 arg1 cells 525:529 human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells 486:529 human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-AdMSCs) 486:540 Thus, we evaluated in vitro performance of stabilized porous chitosan (SPCHTs) associated with activated platelet-rich plasma (aP-PRP) as a composite scaffold for the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-AdMSCs). 26706561 3 4 theme % 680:680 arg1 solution 697:704 a 3% (w/v) chitosan solution 677:704 a 3% (w/v) chitosan solution 677:704 The porous structure of chitosan (PCHT) was prepared similarly to solid sponges by controlled freezing (-20 °C) and lyophilization of a 3% (w/v) chitosan solution. 26706561 2 5 theme activated 366:374 arg1 aP-PRP 398:403 aP-PRP 398:403 aP-PRP 398:403 Thus, we evaluated in vitro performance of stabilized porous chitosan (SPCHTs) associated with activated platelet-rich plasma (aP-PRP) as a composite scaffold for the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-AdMSCs). 26706561 2 5 theme activated 366:374 arg1 plasma 390:395 activated platelet-rich plasma 366:395 activated platelet-rich plasma (aP-PRP) as a composite scaffold for the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-AdMSCs) 366:540 Thus, we evaluated in vitro performance of stabilized porous chitosan (SPCHTs) associated with activated platelet-rich plasma (aP-PRP) as a composite scaffold for the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-AdMSCs). 26706561 11 6 contain have 1853:1856 arg1 scaffolds 1798:1806 the composite scaffolds 1784:1806 the composite scaffolds 1784:1806 We conclude that the composite scaffolds improved the in vitro performance of PRP and have potential in regenerative medicine. 26706561 11 6 contain have 1853:1856 arg2 potential 1858:1866 potential 1858:1866 potential 1858:1866 We conclude that the composite scaffolds improved the in vitro performance of PRP and have potential in regenerative medicine. 26706561 10 7 from scaffold 1612:1619 arg1 proliferation 1562:1574 the proliferation 1558:1574 the proliferation of seeded h-AdMSCs on the composite scaffold compared to aP-PRP alone 1558:1644 Although generating different patterns, all of the stabilization treatments improved the proliferation of seeded h-AdMSCs on the composite scaffold compared to aP-PRP alone, and differentiation of the composite scaffold treated with TEtOH was significantly higher than for non-stabilized PCHT. 26706561 10 8 from h-AdMSCs 1586:1593 arg1 scaffold 1612:1619 the composite scaffold 1598:1619 the composite scaffold compared to aP-PRP alone 1598:1644 Although generating different patterns, all of the stabilization treatments improved the proliferation of seeded h-AdMSCs on the composite scaffold compared to aP-PRP alone, and differentiation of the composite scaffold treated with TEtOH was significantly higher than for non-stabilized PCHT. 26706561 3 9 theme chitosan 567:574 arg1 structure 554:562 The porous structure 543:562 The porous structure of chitosan (PCHT) 543:581 The porous structure of chitosan (PCHT) was prepared similarly to solid sponges by controlled freezing (-20 °C) and lyophilization of a 3% (w/v) chitosan solution. 26706561 10 10 theme scaffold 1684:1691 arg1 differentiation 1651:1665 differentiation 1651:1665 differentiation of the composite scaffold treated with TEtOH 1651:1710 Although generating different patterns, all of the stabilization treatments improved the proliferation of seeded h-AdMSCs on the composite scaffold compared to aP-PRP alone, and differentiation of the composite scaffold treated with TEtOH was significantly higher than for non-stabilized PCHT. 26706561 9 11 dep factors 1445:1451 arg1 TGF-β1 1453:1458 TGF-β1 1453:1458 TGF-β1 1453:1458 SPCHTs showed controlled release of the growth factors TGF-β1 and PDGF-AB. 26706561 9 11 dep factors 1445:1451 arg1 factors 1445:1451 the growth factors TGF-β1 and PDGF-AB 1434:1470 the growth factors TGF-β1 and PDGF-AB 1434:1470 SPCHTs showed controlled release of the growth factors TGF-β1 and PDGF-AB. 26706561 9 11 dep factors 1445:1451 arg1 PDGF-AB 1464:1470 PDGF-AB 1464:1470 PDGF-AB 1464:1470 SPCHTs showed controlled release of the growth factors TGF-β1 and PDGF-AB. 26706561 0 12 with association 65:75 arg1 plasma 96:101 platelet-rich plasma 82:101 platelet-rich plasma 82:101 Stabilization of porous chitosan improves the performance of its association with platelet-rich plasma as a composite scaffold. 26706561 5 13 theme whole 924:928 arg1 blood 930:934 whole blood 924:934 whole blood 924:934 The aP-PRP was obtained from the controlled centrifugation of whole blood and activated with autologous serum and calcium. 26706561 6 14 theme SPCHTs 1063:1068 arg1 surface 1052:1058 the surface 1048:1058 the surface of SPCHTs 1048:1068 Imaging of the structures showed fibrin networks inside and on the surface of SPCHTs as a consequence of electrostatic interactions. 26706561 0 15 theme composite 108:116 arg1 scaffold 118:125 a composite scaffold 106:125 a composite scaffold 106:125 Stabilization of porous chitosan improves the performance of its association with platelet-rich plasma as a composite scaffold. 26706561 0 15 theme composite 108:116 arg1 performance 46:56 the performance 42:56 the performance of its association with platelet-rich plasma 42:101 Stabilization of porous chitosan improves the performance of its association with platelet-rich plasma as a composite scaffold. 26706561 6 16 theme structures 1000:1009 arg1 Imaging 985:991 Imaging 985:991 Imaging of the structures 985:1009 Imaging of the structures showed fibrin networks inside and on the surface of SPCHTs as a consequence of electrostatic interactions. 26706561 2 17 theme vitro 293:297 arg1 performance 299:309 vitro performance 293:309 vitro performance of stabilized porous chitosan (SPCHTs) associated with activated platelet-rich plasma (aP-PRP) as a composite scaffold for the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-AdMSCs) 293:540 Thus, we evaluated in vitro performance of stabilized porous chitosan (SPCHTs) associated with activated platelet-rich plasma (aP-PRP) as a composite scaffold for the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-AdMSCs). 26706561 10 18 theme stabilization 1524:1536 arg1 treatments 1538:1547 the stabilization treatments 1520:1547 the stabilization treatments 1520:1547 Although generating different patterns, all of the stabilization treatments improved the proliferation of seeded h-AdMSCs on the composite scaffold compared to aP-PRP alone, and differentiation of the composite scaffold treated with TEtOH was significantly higher than for non-stabilized PCHT. 26706561 3 19 theme chitosan 688:695 arg1 solution 697:704 a 3% (w/v) chitosan solution 677:704 a 3% (w/v) chitosan solution 677:704 The porous structure of chitosan (PCHT) was prepared similarly to solid sponges by controlled freezing (-20 °C) and lyophilization of a 3% (w/v) chitosan solution. 26706561 2 20 dep proliferation 438:450 arg1 the 434:436 the 434:436 the 434:436 Thus, we evaluated in vitro performance of stabilized porous chitosan (SPCHTs) associated with activated platelet-rich plasma (aP-PRP) as a composite scaffold for the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-AdMSCs). 26706561 6 21 theme electrostatic 1090:1102 arg1 interactions 1104:1115 electrostatic interactions 1090:1115 electrostatic interactions 1090:1115 Imaging of the structures showed fibrin networks inside and on the surface of SPCHTs as a consequence of electrostatic interactions. 26706561 9 22 theme growth 1438:1443 arg1 TGF-β1 1453:1458 TGF-β1 1453:1458 TGF-β1 1453:1458 SPCHTs showed controlled release of the growth factors TGF-β1 and PDGF-AB. 26706561 9 22 theme growth 1438:1443 arg1 factors 1445:1451 the growth factors TGF-β1 and PDGF-AB 1434:1470 the growth factors TGF-β1 and PDGF-AB 1434:1470 SPCHTs showed controlled release of the growth factors TGF-β1 and PDGF-AB. 26706561 9 22 theme growth 1438:1443 arg1 PDGF-AB 1464:1470 PDGF-AB 1464:1470 PDGF-AB 1464:1470 SPCHTs showed controlled release of the growth factors TGF-β1 and PDGF-AB. 26706561 8 23 theme SPCHTs 1354:1359 arg1 integrity 1337:1345 the integrity 1333:1345 the integrity of the SPCHTs 1333:1359 Stabilization maintained the integrity of the SPCHTs for at least 10 days of cultivation. 26706561 11 24 theme in 1821:1822 arg1 performance 1830:1840 the in vitro performance 1817:1840 the in vitro performance of PRP 1817:1847 We conclude that the composite scaffolds improved the in vitro performance of PRP and have potential in regenerative medicine. 26706561 10 25 theme different 1493:1501 arg1 patterns 1503:1510 different patterns 1493:1510 different patterns 1493:1510 Although generating different patterns, all of the stabilization treatments improved the proliferation of seeded h-AdMSCs on the composite scaffold compared to aP-PRP alone, and differentiation of the composite scaffold treated with TEtOH was significantly higher than for non-stabilized PCHT. 26706561 3 26 theme solution 697:704 arg1 freezing 637:644 controlled freezing 626:644 controlled freezing (-20 °C) 626:653 The porous structure of chitosan (PCHT) was prepared similarly to solid sponges by controlled freezing (-20 °C) and lyophilization of a 3% (w/v) chitosan solution. 26706561 3 26 theme solution 697:704 arg1 °C 651:652 -20 °C 647:652 -20 °C 647:652 The porous structure of chitosan (PCHT) was prepared similarly to solid sponges by controlled freezing (-20 °C) and lyophilization of a 3% (w/v) chitosan solution. 26706561 3 26 theme solution 697:704 arg1 lyophilization 659:672 lyophilization 659:672 lyophilization of a 3% (w/v) chitosan solution 659:704 The porous structure of chitosan (PCHT) was prepared similarly to solid sponges by controlled freezing (-20 °C) and lyophilization of a 3% (w/v) chitosan solution. 26706561 10 27 theme composite 1674:1682 arg1 scaffold 1684:1691 the composite scaffold 1670:1691 the composite scaffold treated with TEtOH 1670:1710 Although generating different patterns, all of the stabilization treatments improved the proliferation of seeded h-AdMSCs on the composite scaffold compared to aP-PRP alone, and differentiation of the composite scaffold treated with TEtOH was significantly higher than for non-stabilized PCHT. 26706561 9 28 theme factors 1445:1451 arg1 release 1423:1429 controlled release 1412:1429 controlled release of the growth factors TGF-β1 and PDGF-AB 1412:1470 SPCHTs showed controlled release of the growth factors TGF-β1 and PDGF-AB. 26706561 1 29 theme scaffolds 188:196 arg1 optimizing 174:183 optimizing 174:183 optimizing of scaffolds based on correlation structure-function aimed the regenerative medicine 174:268 This study offers innovative perspectives for optimizing of scaffolds based on correlation structure-function aimed the regenerative medicine. 26706561 2 30 theme osteogenic 456:465 arg1 differentiation 467:481 osteogenic differentiation 456:481 osteogenic differentiation 456:481 Thus, we evaluated in vitro performance of stabilized porous chitosan (SPCHTs) associated with activated platelet-rich plasma (aP-PRP) as a composite scaffold for the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-AdMSCs). 26706561 3 31 dep % 680:680 arg1 w/v 683:685 w/v 683:685 w/v 683:685 The porous structure of chitosan (PCHT) was prepared similarly to solid sponges by controlled freezing (-20 °C) and lyophilization of a 3% (w/v) chitosan solution. 26706561 10 32 theme h-AdMSCs 1586:1593 arg1 proliferation 1562:1574 the proliferation 1558:1574 the proliferation of seeded h-AdMSCs on the composite scaffold compared to aP-PRP alone 1558:1644 Although generating different patterns, all of the stabilization treatments improved the proliferation of seeded h-AdMSCs on the composite scaffold compared to aP-PRP alone, and differentiation of the composite scaffold treated with TEtOH was significantly higher than for non-stabilized PCHT. 26706561 2 33 theme chitosan 332:339 arg1 performance 299:309 vitro performance 293:309 vitro performance of stabilized porous chitosan (SPCHTs) associated with activated platelet-rich plasma (aP-PRP) as a composite scaffold for the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-AdMSCs) 293:540 Thus, we evaluated in vitro performance of stabilized porous chitosan (SPCHTs) associated with activated platelet-rich plasma (aP-PRP) as a composite scaffold for the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-AdMSCs). 26706561 6 34 theme fibrin 1018:1023 arg1 networks 1025:1032 fibrin networks 1018:1032 fibrin networks inside and on the surface of SPCHTs as a consequence of electrostatic interactions 1018:1115 Imaging of the structures showed fibrin networks inside and on the surface of SPCHTs as a consequence of electrostatic interactions. 26706561 0 35 theme chitosan 24:31 arg1 Stabilization 0:12 Stabilization 0:12 Stabilization of porous chitosan 0:31 Stabilization of porous chitosan improves the performance of its association with platelet-rich plasma as a composite scaffold. 26706561 11 36 theme regenerative 1871:1882 arg1 medicine 1884:1891 regenerative medicine 1871:1891 regenerative medicine 1871:1891 We conclude that the composite scaffolds improved the in vitro performance of PRP and have potential in regenerative medicine. 26706561 2 37 link adipose-derived 492:506 arg1 h-AdMSCs 532:539 h-AdMSCs 532:539 h-AdMSCs 532:539 Thus, we evaluated in vitro performance of stabilized porous chitosan (SPCHTs) associated with activated platelet-rich plasma (aP-PRP) as a composite scaffold for the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-AdMSCs). 26706561 2 37 link adipose-derived 492:506 arg1 cells 525:529 human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells 486:529 human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-AdMSCs) 486:540 Thus, we evaluated in vitro performance of stabilized porous chitosan (SPCHTs) associated with activated platelet-rich plasma (aP-PRP) as a composite scaffold for the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-AdMSCs). 26706561 2 38 theme porous 325:330 arg1 SPCHTs 342:347 SPCHTs 342:347 SPCHTs 342:347 Thus, we evaluated in vitro performance of stabilized porous chitosan (SPCHTs) associated with activated platelet-rich plasma (aP-PRP) as a composite scaffold for the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-AdMSCs). 26706561 2 38 theme porous 325:330 arg1 chitosan 332:339 stabilized porous chitosan 314:339 stabilized porous chitosan (SPCHTs) associated with activated platelet-rich plasma (aP-PRP) as a composite scaffold for the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-AdMSCs) 314:540 Thus, we evaluated in vitro performance of stabilized porous chitosan (SPCHTs) associated with activated platelet-rich plasma (aP-PRP) as a composite scaffold for the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-AdMSCs). 26706561 10 39 theme seeded 1579:1584 arg1 h-AdMSCs 1586:1593 seeded h-AdMSCs 1579:1593 seeded h-AdMSCs on the composite scaffold compared to aP-PRP alone 1579:1644 Although generating different patterns, all of the stabilization treatments improved the proliferation of seeded h-AdMSCs on the composite scaffold compared to aP-PRP alone, and differentiation of the composite scaffold treated with TEtOH was significantly higher than for non-stabilized PCHT. 26706561 0 40 theme porous 17:22 arg1 chitosan 24:31 porous chitosan 17:31 porous chitosan 17:31 Stabilization of porous chitosan improves the performance of its association with platelet-rich plasma as a composite scaffold. 26706561 4 41 theme sodium 761:766 arg1 TNaOH 779:783 TNaOH 779:783 TNaOH 779:783 Stabilization was performed by treating the PCHT with sodium hydroxide (TNaOH), an ethanol series (TEtOH) or by crosslinking with tripolyphosphate (CTPP). 26706561 4 41 theme sodium 761:766 arg1 hydroxide 768:776 sodium hydroxide 761:776 sodium hydroxide (TNaOH) 761:784 Stabilization was performed by treating the PCHT with sodium hydroxide (TNaOH), an ethanol series (TEtOH) or by crosslinking with tripolyphosphate (CTPP). 26706561 4 41 theme sodium 761:766 arg1 series 798:803 an ethanol series 787:803 an ethanol series (TEtOH) 787:811 Stabilization was performed by treating the PCHT with sodium hydroxide (TNaOH), an ethanol series (TEtOH) or by crosslinking with tripolyphosphate (CTPP). 26706561 2 42 theme stabilized 314:323 arg1 SPCHTs 342:347 SPCHTs 342:347 SPCHTs 342:347 Thus, we evaluated in vitro performance of stabilized porous chitosan (SPCHTs) associated with activated platelet-rich plasma (aP-PRP) as a composite scaffold for the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-AdMSCs). 26706561 2 42 theme stabilized 314:323 arg1 chitosan 332:339 stabilized porous chitosan 314:339 stabilized porous chitosan (SPCHTs) associated with activated platelet-rich plasma (aP-PRP) as a composite scaffold for the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-AdMSCs) 314:540 Thus, we evaluated in vitro performance of stabilized porous chitosan (SPCHTs) associated with activated platelet-rich plasma (aP-PRP) as a composite scaffold for the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-AdMSCs). 26706561 9 43 theme controlled 1412:1421 arg1 release 1423:1429 controlled release 1412:1429 controlled release of the growth factors TGF-β1 and PDGF-AB 1412:1470 SPCHTs showed controlled release of the growth factors TGF-β1 and PDGF-AB. 26706561 6 44 theme interactions 1104:1115 arg1 consequence 1075:1085 a consequence 1073:1085 a consequence of electrostatic interactions 1073:1115 Imaging of the structures showed fibrin networks inside and on the surface of SPCHTs as a consequence of electrostatic interactions. 26706561 2 45 theme mesenchymal 508:518 arg1 h-AdMSCs 532:539 h-AdMSCs 532:539 h-AdMSCs 532:539 Thus, we evaluated in vitro performance of stabilized porous chitosan (SPCHTs) associated with activated platelet-rich plasma (aP-PRP) as a composite scaffold for the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-AdMSCs). 26706561 2 45 theme mesenchymal 508:518 arg1 cells 525:529 human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells 486:529 human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-AdMSCs) 486:540 Thus, we evaluated in vitro performance of stabilized porous chitosan (SPCHTs) associated with activated platelet-rich plasma (aP-PRP) as a composite scaffold for the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-AdMSCs). 26706561 3 46 theme solid 609:613 arg1 sponges 615:621 solid sponges 609:621 solid sponges 609:621 The porous structure of chitosan (PCHT) was prepared similarly to solid sponges by controlled freezing (-20 °C) and lyophilization of a 3% (w/v) chitosan solution. 26706561 11 47 theme composite 1788:1796 arg1 scaffolds 1798:1806 the composite scaffolds 1784:1806 the composite scaffolds 1784:1806 We conclude that the composite scaffolds improved the in vitro performance of PRP and have potential in regenerative medicine. 26706561 1 48 theme structure-function 219:236 arg1 correlation 207:217 correlation structure-function 207:236 correlation structure-function aimed the regenerative medicine 207:268 This study offers innovative perspectives for optimizing of scaffolds based on correlation structure-function aimed the regenerative medicine. 26706561 2 49 theme adipose-derived 492:506 arg1 h-AdMSCs 532:539 h-AdMSCs 532:539 h-AdMSCs 532:539 Thus, we evaluated in vitro performance of stabilized porous chitosan (SPCHTs) associated with activated platelet-rich plasma (aP-PRP) as a composite scaffold for the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-AdMSCs). 26706561 2 49 theme adipose-derived 492:506 arg1 cells 525:529 human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells 486:529 human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-AdMSCs) 486:540 Thus, we evaluated in vitro performance of stabilized porous chitosan (SPCHTs) associated with activated platelet-rich plasma (aP-PRP) as a composite scaffold for the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-AdMSCs). 26706561 11 50 dep in 1821:1822 arg1 vitro 1824:1828 vitro 1824:1828 vitro 1824:1828 We conclude that the composite scaffolds improved the in vitro performance of PRP and have potential in regenerative medicine. 26706561 2 51 theme composite 411:419 arg1 scaffold 421:428 a composite scaffold 409:428 a composite scaffold for the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-AdMSCs) 409:540 Thus, we evaluated in vitro performance of stabilized porous chitosan (SPCHTs) associated with activated platelet-rich plasma (aP-PRP) as a composite scaffold for the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-AdMSCs). 26706561 2 52 theme human 486:490 arg1 h-AdMSCs 532:539 h-AdMSCs 532:539 h-AdMSCs 532:539 Thus, we evaluated in vitro performance of stabilized porous chitosan (SPCHTs) associated with activated platelet-rich plasma (aP-PRP) as a composite scaffold for the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-AdMSCs). 26706561 2 52 theme human 486:490 arg1 cells 525:529 human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells 486:529 human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-AdMSCs) 486:540 Thus, we evaluated in vitro performance of stabilized porous chitosan (SPCHTs) associated with activated platelet-rich plasma (aP-PRP) as a composite scaffold for the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-AdMSCs). 26706561 10 53 theme non-stabilized 1746:1759 arg1 PCHT 1761:1764 non-stabilized PCHT 1746:1764 non-stabilized PCHT 1746:1764 Although generating different patterns, all of the stabilization treatments improved the proliferation of seeded h-AdMSCs on the composite scaffold compared to aP-PRP alone, and differentiation of the composite scaffold treated with TEtOH was significantly higher than for non-stabilized PCHT. 26706561 10 54 theme composite 1602:1610 arg1 scaffold 1612:1619 the composite scaffold 1598:1619 the composite scaffold compared to aP-PRP alone 1598:1644 Although generating different patterns, all of the stabilization treatments improved the proliferation of seeded h-AdMSCs on the composite scaffold compared to aP-PRP alone, and differentiation of the composite scaffold treated with TEtOH was significantly higher than for non-stabilized PCHT. 26706561 4 55 theme ethanol 790:796 arg1 hydroxide 768:776 sodium hydroxide 761:776 sodium hydroxide (TNaOH) 761:784 Stabilization was performed by treating the PCHT with sodium hydroxide (TNaOH), an ethanol series (TEtOH) or by crosslinking with tripolyphosphate (CTPP). 26706561 4 55 theme ethanol 790:796 arg1 TEtOH 806:810 TEtOH 806:810 TEtOH 806:810 Stabilization was performed by treating the PCHT with sodium hydroxide (TNaOH), an ethanol series (TEtOH) or by crosslinking with tripolyphosphate (CTPP). 26706561 4 55 theme ethanol 790:796 arg1 series 798:803 an ethanol series 787:803 an ethanol series (TEtOH) 787:811 Stabilization was performed by treating the PCHT with sodium hydroxide (TNaOH), an ethanol series (TEtOH) or by crosslinking with tripolyphosphate (CTPP). 26706561 3 56 theme 3 679:679 arg1 % 680:680 % 680:680 % 680:680 The porous structure of chitosan (PCHT) was prepared similarly to solid sponges by controlled freezing (-20 °C) and lyophilization of a 3% (w/v) chitosan solution. 26706561 5 57 theme controlled 895:904 arg1 centrifugation 906:919 the controlled centrifugation 891:919 the controlled centrifugation of whole blood 891:934 The aP-PRP was obtained from the controlled centrifugation of whole blood and activated with autologous serum and calcium. 26706561 7 58 theme pore 1163:1166 arg1 size 1168:1171 pore size 1163:1171 pore size 1163:1171 SPCHTs were non-cytotoxic, and the porosity, pore size and Young's modulus were approximately 96%, 145 μm and 1.5 MPa for TNaOH and TEtOH and 94%, 110 μm and 1.8 MPa for CTPP, respectively. 26706561 10 59 from proliferation 1562:1574 arg1 scaffold 1612:1619 the composite scaffold 1598:1619 the composite scaffold compared to aP-PRP alone 1598:1644 Although generating different patterns, all of the stabilization treatments improved the proliferation of seeded h-AdMSCs on the composite scaffold compared to aP-PRP alone, and differentiation of the composite scaffold treated with TEtOH was significantly higher than for non-stabilized PCHT. 26706561 3 60 theme porous 547:552 arg1 structure 554:562 The porous structure 543:562 The porous structure of chitosan (PCHT) 543:581 The porous structure of chitosan (PCHT) was prepared similarly to solid sponges by controlled freezing (-20 °C) and lyophilization of a 3% (w/v) chitosan solution. 26706561 4 61 with crosslinking 819:830 arg1 CTPP 855:858 CTPP 855:858 CTPP 855:858 Stabilization was performed by treating the PCHT with sodium hydroxide (TNaOH), an ethanol series (TEtOH) or by crosslinking with tripolyphosphate (CTPP). 26706561 4 61 with crosslinking 819:830 arg1 tripolyphosphate 837:852 tripolyphosphate 837:852 tripolyphosphate (CTPP) 837:859 Stabilization was performed by treating the PCHT with sodium hydroxide (TNaOH), an ethanol series (TEtOH) or by crosslinking with tripolyphosphate (CTPP). 26706561 1 62 theme regenerative 248:259 arg1 medicine 261:268 the regenerative medicine 244:268 the regenerative medicine 244:268 This study offers innovative perspectives for optimizing of scaffolds based on correlation structure-function aimed the regenerative medicine. 26706561 0 63 theme association 65:75 arg1 scaffold 118:125 a composite scaffold 106:125 a composite scaffold 106:125 Stabilization of porous chitosan improves the performance of its association with platelet-rich plasma as a composite scaffold. 26706561 0 63 theme association 65:75 arg1 performance 46:56 the performance 42:56 the performance of its association with platelet-rich plasma 42:101 Stabilization of porous chitosan improves the performance of its association with platelet-rich plasma as a composite scaffold. 26706561 5 64 theme blood 930:934 arg1 centrifugation 906:919 the controlled centrifugation 891:919 the controlled centrifugation of whole blood 891:934 The aP-PRP was obtained from the controlled centrifugation of whole blood and activated with autologous serum and calcium. 26706561 5 65 theme autologous 955:964 arg1 serum 966:970 autologous serum 955:970 autologous serum 955:970 The aP-PRP was obtained from the controlled centrifugation of whole blood and activated with autologous serum and calcium. 26706561 7 66 theme Young 1177:1181 arg1 modulus 1185:1191 Young's modulus 1177:1191 Young's modulus 1177:1191 SPCHTs were non-cytotoxic, and the porosity, pore size and Young's modulus were approximately 96%, 145 μm and 1.5 MPa for TNaOH and TEtOH and 94%, 110 μm and 1.8 MPa for CTPP, respectively. 26706561 11 67 theme PRP 1845:1847 arg1 performance 1830:1840 the in vitro performance 1817:1840 the in vitro performance of PRP 1817:1847 We conclude that the composite scaffolds improved the in vitro performance of PRP and have potential in regenerative medicine. 26706561 3 68 theme controlled 626:635 arg1 freezing 637:644 controlled freezing 626:644 controlled freezing (-20 °C) 626:653 The porous structure of chitosan (PCHT) was prepared similarly to solid sponges by controlled freezing (-20 °C) and lyophilization of a 3% (w/v) chitosan solution. 26706561 3 68 theme controlled 626:635 arg1 °C 651:652 -20 °C 647:652 -20 °C 647:652 The porous structure of chitosan (PCHT) was prepared similarly to solid sponges by controlled freezing (-20 °C) and lyophilization of a 3% (w/v) chitosan solution. 26706561 1 69 theme innovative 146:155 arg1 perspectives 157:168 innovative perspectives 146:168 innovative perspectives for optimizing of scaffolds based on correlation structure-function aimed the regenerative medicine 146:268 This study offers innovative perspectives for optimizing of scaffolds based on correlation structure-function aimed the regenerative medicine. 26706561 8 70 theme cultivation 1385:1395 arg1 days 1377:1380 at least 10 days 1365:1380 at least 10 days of cultivation 1365:1395 Stabilization maintained the integrity of the SPCHTs for at least 10 days of cultivation. 27083804 0 0 theme compounds 89:97 arg1 retention 66:74 the retention 62:74 the retention of bioactive compounds 62:97 Biopolymer-prebiotic carbohydrate blends and their effects on the retention of bioactive compounds and maintenance of antioxidant activity. 27083804 10 1 theme encapsulation 1015:1027 arg1 method 1005:1010 the method 1001:1010 the method of encapsulation 1001:1027 Such findings indicate that the method of encapsulation preserved the active compound. 27083804 10 2 theme active 1043:1048 arg1 compound 1050:1057 the active compound 1039:1057 the active compound 1039:1057 Such findings indicate that the method of encapsulation preserved the active compound. 27083804 1 3 theme study 162:166 arg1 objective 144:152 The objective 140:152 The objective of this study 140:166 The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of inulin (IN), a prebiotic carbohydrate without superficial activity, as an encapsulating matrix of lipophilic bioactive compounds. 27083804 0 4 theme bioactive 79:87 arg1 compounds 89:97 bioactive compounds 79:97 bioactive compounds 79:97 Biopolymer-prebiotic carbohydrate blends and their effects on the retention of bioactive compounds and maintenance of antioxidant activity. 27083804 7 5 theme encapsulation 820:832 arg1 efficiency 834:843 the highest encapsulation efficiency 808:843 the highest encapsulation efficiency 808:843 %), whilst WPI-IN blend yielded the highest encapsulation efficiency (88±2wt. 27083804 1 6 theme superficial 241:251 arg1 activity 253:260 superficial activity 241:260 superficial activity 241:260 The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of inulin (IN), a prebiotic carbohydrate without superficial activity, as an encapsulating matrix of lipophilic bioactive compounds. 27083804 2 7 theme gum 484:486 arg1 GA 496:497 GA 496:497 GA 496:497 For achieving the encapsulation, IN was associated with biopolymers that present superficial activity: modified starch (HiCap), whey protein isolate (WPI) and gum acacia (GA). 27083804 2 7 theme gum 484:486 arg1 acacia 488:493 gum acacia 484:493 gum acacia (GA) 484:498 For achieving the encapsulation, IN was associated with biopolymers that present superficial activity: modified starch (HiCap), whey protein isolate (WPI) and gum acacia (GA). 27083804 5 8 theme GA-IN 673:677 arg1 blend 679:683 GA-IN blend 673:683 GA-IN blend 673:683 GA-IN blend yielded the highest geranylgeraniol retention (96±2wt. 27083804 3 9 dep performed 519:527 arg1 followed 575:582 followed 575:582 followed by freeze-drying (FD) process to dry the emulsions 575:633 Encapsulation was performed through emulsification assisted by ultrasound followed by freeze-drying (FD) process to dry the emulsions. 27083804 0 10 theme antioxidant 118:128 arg1 activity 130:137 antioxidant activity 118:137 antioxidant activity 118:137 Biopolymer-prebiotic carbohydrate blends and their effects on the retention of bioactive compounds and maintenance of antioxidant activity. 27083804 2 11 theme superficial 406:416 arg1 activity 418:425 superficial activity 406:425 superficial activity 406:425 For achieving the encapsulation, IN was associated with biopolymers that present superficial activity: modified starch (HiCap), whey protein isolate (WPI) and gum acacia (GA). 27083804 11 12 theme antioxidant 1111:1121 arg1 activity 1123:1130 the antioxidant activity 1107:1130 the antioxidant activity of the oil 1107:1141 All blends were also effective for maintaining the antioxidant activity of the oil through ORAC and DPPH analyses. 27083804 7 13 theme highest 812:818 arg1 efficiency 834:843 the highest encapsulation efficiency 808:843 the highest encapsulation efficiency 808:843 %), whilst WPI-IN blend yielded the highest encapsulation efficiency (88±2wt. 27083804 0 14 from effects 51:57 arg1 retention 66:74 the retention 62:74 the retention of bioactive compounds 62:97 Biopolymer-prebiotic carbohydrate blends and their effects on the retention of bioactive compounds and maintenance of antioxidant activity. 27083804 9 15 theme seed 924:927 arg1 oil 929:931 the annatto seed oil 912:931 the annatto seed oil 912:931 After encapsulation, composition of geranylgeraniol in the annatto seed oil was maintained (23.0±0.5g/100g of oil). 27083804 5 16 theme geranylgeraniol 705:719 arg1 retention 721:729 the highest geranylgeraniol retention 693:729 the highest geranylgeraniol retention (96±2wt 693:737 GA-IN blend yielded the highest geranylgeraniol retention (96±2wt. 27083804 9 17 theme annatto 916:922 arg1 oil 929:931 the annatto seed oil 912:931 the annatto seed oil 912:931 After encapsulation, composition of geranylgeraniol in the annatto seed oil was maintained (23.0±0.5g/100g of oil). 27083804 2 18 theme protein 458:464 arg1 WPI 475:477 WPI 475:477 WPI 475:477 For achieving the encapsulation, IN was associated with biopolymers that present superficial activity: modified starch (HiCap), whey protein isolate (WPI) and gum acacia (GA). 27083804 2 18 theme protein 458:464 arg1 isolate 466:472 whey protein isolate 453:472 whey protein isolate (WPI) 453:478 For achieving the encapsulation, IN was associated with biopolymers that present superficial activity: modified starch (HiCap), whey protein isolate (WPI) and gum acacia (GA). 27083804 9 19 dep maintained 937:946 arg1 23.0±0.5g/100g 949:962 23.0±0.5g/100g 949:962 23.0±0.5g/100g of oil 949:969 After encapsulation, composition of geranylgeraniol in the annatto seed oil was maintained (23.0±0.5g/100g of oil). 27083804 6 20 theme entrapment 746:755 arg1 efficiency 757:766 entrapment efficiency 746:766 entrapment efficiency 746:766 %) and entrapment efficiency (94±3wt. 27083804 0 21 theme Biopolymer-prebiotic 0:19 arg1 carbohydrate 21:32 Biopolymer-prebiotic carbohydrate 0:32 Biopolymer-prebiotic carbohydrate 0:32 Biopolymer-prebiotic carbohydrate blends and their effects on the retention of bioactive compounds and maintenance of antioxidant activity. 27083804 2 22 theme modified 428:435 arg1 starch 437:442 modified starch 428:442 modified starch (HiCap) 428:450 For achieving the encapsulation, IN was associated with biopolymers that present superficial activity: modified starch (HiCap), whey protein isolate (WPI) and gum acacia (GA). 27083804 2 22 theme modified 428:435 arg1 HiCap 445:449 HiCap 445:449 HiCap 445:449 For achieving the encapsulation, IN was associated with biopolymers that present superficial activity: modified starch (HiCap), whey protein isolate (WPI) and gum acacia (GA). 27083804 11 23 theme oil 1139:1141 arg1 activity 1123:1130 the antioxidant activity 1107:1130 the antioxidant activity of the oil 1107:1141 All blends were also effective for maintaining the antioxidant activity of the oil through ORAC and DPPH analyses. 27083804 7 24 theme WPI-IN 787:792 arg1 blend 794:798 WPI-IN blend 787:798 WPI-IN blend 787:798 %), whilst WPI-IN blend yielded the highest encapsulation efficiency (88±2wt. 27083804 0 25 theme activity 130:137 arg1 effects 51:57 their effects 45:57 their effects on the retention of bioactive compounds 45:97 Biopolymer-prebiotic carbohydrate blends and their effects on the retention of bioactive compounds and maintenance of antioxidant activity. 27083804 0 25 theme activity 130:137 arg1 maintenance 103:113 maintenance 103:113 maintenance of antioxidant activity 103:137 Biopolymer-prebiotic carbohydrate blends and their effects on the retention of bioactive compounds and maintenance of antioxidant activity. 27083804 10 26 theme Such 973:976 arg1 findings 978:985 Such findings 973:985 Such findings 973:985 Such findings indicate that the method of encapsulation preserved the active compound. 27083804 1 27 theme inulin 195:200 arg1 use 188:190 the use 184:190 the use of inulin (IN), a prebiotic carbohydrate without superficial activity, as an encapsulating matrix of lipophilic bioactive compounds 184:322 The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of inulin (IN), a prebiotic carbohydrate without superficial activity, as an encapsulating matrix of lipophilic bioactive compounds. 27083804 2 28 theme whey 453:456 arg1 WPI 475:477 WPI 475:477 WPI 475:477 For achieving the encapsulation, IN was associated with biopolymers that present superficial activity: modified starch (HiCap), whey protein isolate (WPI) and gum acacia (GA). 27083804 2 28 theme whey 453:456 arg1 isolate 466:472 whey protein isolate 453:472 whey protein isolate (WPI) 453:478 For achieving the encapsulation, IN was associated with biopolymers that present superficial activity: modified starch (HiCap), whey protein isolate (WPI) and gum acacia (GA). 27083804 1 29 theme encapsulating 269:281 arg1 matrix 283:288 an encapsulating matrix 266:288 an encapsulating matrix of lipophilic bioactive compounds 266:322 The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of inulin (IN), a prebiotic carbohydrate without superficial activity, as an encapsulating matrix of lipophilic bioactive compounds. 27083804 9 30 from composition 878:888 arg1 oil 929:931 the annatto seed oil 912:931 the annatto seed oil 912:931 After encapsulation, composition of geranylgeraniol in the annatto seed oil was maintained (23.0±0.5g/100g of oil). 27083804 5 31 theme highest 697:703 arg1 retention 721:729 the highest geranylgeraniol retention 693:729 the highest geranylgeraniol retention (96±2wt 693:737 GA-IN blend yielded the highest geranylgeraniol retention (96±2wt. 27083804 9 32 theme geranylgeraniol 893:907 arg1 composition 878:888 composition 878:888 composition of geranylgeraniol in the annatto seed oil 878:931 After encapsulation, composition of geranylgeraniol in the annatto seed oil was maintained (23.0±0.5g/100g of oil). 27083804 11 33 dep ORAC 1151:1154 arg1 analyses 1165:1172 analyses 1165:1172 analyses 1165:1172 All blends were also effective for maintaining the antioxidant activity of the oil through ORAC and DPPH analyses. 27083804 7 34 dep yielded 800:806 arg1 88±2wt 846:851 88±2wt 846:851 88±2wt 846:851 %), whilst WPI-IN blend yielded the highest encapsulation efficiency (88±2wt. 27083804 1 35 theme lipophilic 293:302 arg1 compounds 314:322 lipophilic bioactive compounds 293:322 lipophilic bioactive compounds 293:322 The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of inulin (IN), a prebiotic carbohydrate without superficial activity, as an encapsulating matrix of lipophilic bioactive compounds. 27083804 5 36 dep retention 721:729 arg1 96±2wt 732:737 96±2wt 732:737 96±2wt 732:737 GA-IN blend yielded the highest geranylgeraniol retention (96±2wt. 27083804 3 37 theme assisted 552:559 arg1 emulsification 537:550 emulsification 537:550 emulsification assisted by ultrasound 537:573 Encapsulation was performed through emulsification assisted by ultrasound followed by freeze-drying (FD) process to dry the emulsions. 27083804 9 38 theme oil 967:969 arg1 23.0±0.5g/100g 949:962 23.0±0.5g/100g 949:962 23.0±0.5g/100g of oil 949:969 After encapsulation, composition of geranylgeraniol in the annatto seed oil was maintained (23.0±0.5g/100g of oil). 27083804 1 39 theme bioactive 304:312 arg1 compounds 314:322 lipophilic bioactive compounds 293:322 lipophilic bioactive compounds 293:322 The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of inulin (IN), a prebiotic carbohydrate without superficial activity, as an encapsulating matrix of lipophilic bioactive compounds. 27083804 2 40 dep associated 365:374 arg1 IN 358:359 IN 358:359 IN 358:359 For achieving the encapsulation, IN was associated with biopolymers that present superficial activity: modified starch (HiCap), whey protein isolate (WPI) and gum acacia (GA). 27083804 3 41 theme freeze-drying 587:599 arg1 process 606:612 freeze-drying (FD) process 587:612 freeze-drying (FD) process 587:612 Encapsulation was performed through emulsification assisted by ultrasound followed by freeze-drying (FD) process to dry the emulsions. 27083804 3 41 theme freeze-drying 587:599 arg1 FD 602:603 FD 602:603 FD 602:603 Encapsulation was performed through emulsification assisted by ultrasound followed by freeze-drying (FD) process to dry the emulsions. 27083804 0 42 from maintenance 103:113 arg1 retention 66:74 the retention 62:74 the retention of bioactive compounds 62:97 Biopolymer-prebiotic carbohydrate blends and their effects on the retention of bioactive compounds and maintenance of antioxidant activity. 27083804 1 43 theme compounds 314:322 arg1 matrix 283:288 an encapsulating matrix 266:288 an encapsulating matrix of lipophilic bioactive compounds 266:322 The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of inulin (IN), a prebiotic carbohydrate without superficial activity, as an encapsulating matrix of lipophilic bioactive compounds. 27083804 1 44 theme prebiotic 210:218 arg1 inulin 195:200 inulin 195:200 inulin (IN) 195:205 The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of inulin (IN), a prebiotic carbohydrate without superficial activity, as an encapsulating matrix of lipophilic bioactive compounds. 27083804 1 44 theme prebiotic 210:218 arg1 carbohydrate 220:231 a prebiotic carbohydrate 208:231 a prebiotic carbohydrate without superficial activity 208:260 The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of inulin (IN), a prebiotic carbohydrate without superficial activity, as an encapsulating matrix of lipophilic bioactive compounds. 24887125 0 0 theme equilibrium 95:105 arg1 studies 107:113 kinetic and equilibrium studies 83:113 studies 107:113 Defluoridation using biomimetically synthesized nano zirconium chitosan composite: kinetic and equilibrium studies. 24887125 7 1 theme EDAX 670:673 arg1 analysis 675:682 EDAX analysis 670:682 EDAX analysis 670:682 EDAX analysis suggested that Zr was an integral component of synthesized nanoparticles. 24887125 11 2 theme F 1238:1238 arg1 behavior 1226:1233 adsorption kinetic behavior 1207:1233 adsorption kinetic behavior of F(-) onto CNZr composite satisfactorily with a good correlation coefficient 1207:1312 In comparison to pseudo-first order kinetic model, the pseudo-second order model could explain adsorption kinetic behavior of F(-) onto CNZr composite satisfactorily with a good correlation coefficient. 24887125 11 3 dep model 1156:1160 arg1 comparison 1115:1124 comparison 1115:1124 comparison 1115:1124 In comparison to pseudo-first order kinetic model, the pseudo-second order model could explain adsorption kinetic behavior of F(-) onto CNZr composite satisfactorily with a good correlation coefficient. 24887125 6 4 theme cubic 646:650 arg1 face 632:635 face 632:635 face centered cubic 632:650 SAED and XRD analysis suggested an fcc (face centered cubic) Zr crystallites. 24887125 7 5 theme nanoparticles 743:755 arg1 Zr 699:700 Zr 699:700 Zr 699:700 EDAX analysis suggested that Zr was an integral component of synthesized nanoparticles. 24887125 7 5 theme nanoparticles 743:755 arg1 component 718:726 an integral component 706:726 an integral component of synthesized nanoparticles 706:755 EDAX analysis suggested that Zr was an integral component of synthesized nanoparticles. 24887125 6 6 theme fcc 627:629 arg1 crystallites 656:667 an fcc (face centered cubic) Zr crystallites 624:667 an fcc (face centered cubic) Zr crystallites 624:667 SAED and XRD analysis suggested an fcc (face centered cubic) Zr crystallites. 24887125 10 7 theme equilibrium 1035:1045 arg1 data 1047:1050 the equilibrium data 1031:1050 the equilibrium data 1031:1050 Langmuir isotherm model best fitted the equilibrium data since it presented higher R(2) value than Freundlich model. 24887125 10 8 theme Langmuir 995:1002 arg1 model 1013:1017 Langmuir isotherm model 995:1017 Langmuir isotherm model 995:1017 Langmuir isotherm model best fitted the equilibrium data since it presented higher R(2) value than Freundlich model. 24887125 2 9 theme CNZr 306:309 arg1 nanoparticles 239:251 Resulting nanoparticles 229:251 Resulting nanoparticles 229:251 Resulting nanoparticles were embedded into chitosan biopolymer and termed as CNZr composite. 24887125 2 9 theme CNZr 306:309 arg1 composite 311:319 CNZr composite 306:319 CNZr composite 306:319 Resulting nanoparticles were embedded into chitosan biopolymer and termed as CNZr composite. 24887125 11 10 theme kinetic 1148:1154 arg1 model 1156:1160 pseudo-first order kinetic model 1129:1160 pseudo-first order kinetic model 1129:1160 In comparison to pseudo-first order kinetic model, the pseudo-second order model could explain adsorption kinetic behavior of F(-) onto CNZr composite satisfactorily with a good correlation coefficient. 24887125 9 11 theme fluoride 880:887 arg1 adsorption 866:875 The adsorption 862:875 The adsorption of fluoride on to CNZr composite 862:908 The adsorption of fluoride on to CNZr composite worked well at pH 7.0, where ∼99% of fluoride was found to be adsorbed on adsorbent. 24887125 10 12 theme R 1078:1078 arg1 value 1083:1087 higher R(2) value 1071:1087 higher R(2) value 1071:1087 Langmuir isotherm model best fitted the equilibrium data since it presented higher R(2) value than Freundlich model. 24887125 4 13 theme synthesized 432:442 arg1 nanoparticles 447:459 The synthesized Zr nanoparticles 428:459 The synthesized Zr nanoparticles 428:459 The synthesized Zr nanoparticles showed UV-vis absorption peak at 420nm. 24887125 11 14 theme pseudo-first 1129:1140 arg1 model 1156:1160 pseudo-first order kinetic model 1129:1160 pseudo-first order kinetic model 1129:1160 In comparison to pseudo-first order kinetic model, the pseudo-second order model could explain adsorption kinetic behavior of F(-) onto CNZr composite satisfactorily with a good correlation coefficient. 24887125 11 15 theme correlation 1290:1300 arg1 coefficient 1302:1312 a good correlation coefficient 1283:1312 a good correlation coefficient 1283:1312 In comparison to pseudo-first order kinetic model, the pseudo-second order model could explain adsorption kinetic behavior of F(-) onto CNZr composite satisfactorily with a good correlation coefficient. 24887125 7 16 theme synthesized 731:741 arg1 nanoparticles 743:755 synthesized nanoparticles 731:755 synthesized nanoparticles 731:755 EDAX analysis suggested that Zr was an integral component of synthesized nanoparticles. 24887125 3 17 theme adsorption 362:371 arg1 studies 373:379 detailed adsorption studies 353:379 detailed adsorption studies for removal of fluoride from aqueous solution 353:425 The composite was subjected to detailed adsorption studies for removal of fluoride from aqueous solution. 24887125 10 18 theme higher 1071:1076 arg1 value 1083:1087 higher R(2) value 1071:1087 higher R(2) value 1071:1087 Langmuir isotherm model best fitted the equilibrium data since it presented higher R(2) value than Freundlich model. 24887125 1 19 theme Zr 176:177 arg1 nanoparticles 179:191 Zr nanoparticles 176:191 Zr nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Aloe vera 176:226 The present study reports a novel approach for synthesis of Zr nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Aloe vera. 24887125 6 20 theme SAED 592:595 arg1 analysis 605:612 SAED and XRD analysis 592:612 SAED and XRD analysis 592:612 SAED and XRD analysis suggested an fcc (face centered cubic) Zr crystallites. 24887125 12 21 theme effective 1377:1385 arg1 tool 1387:1390 an effective tool 1374:1390 an effective tool for removal of fluoride from contaminated water 1374:1438 The present study revealed that CNZr composite may work as an effective tool for removal of fluoride from contaminated water. 24887125 11 22 theme CNZr 1248:1251 arg1 composite 1253:1261 CNZr composite 1248:1261 CNZr composite 1248:1261 In comparison to pseudo-first order kinetic model, the pseudo-second order model could explain adsorption kinetic behavior of F(-) onto CNZr composite satisfactorily with a good correlation coefficient. 24887125 12 23 from water 1434:1438 arg1 removal 1396:1402 removal 1396:1402 removal of fluoride from contaminated water 1396:1438 The present study revealed that CNZr composite may work as an effective tool for removal of fluoride from contaminated water. 24887125 0 24 dep studies 107:113 arg1 Defluoridation 0:13 Defluoridation 0:13 Defluoridation using biomimetically synthesized nano zirconium chitosan composite 0:80 Defluoridation using biomimetically synthesized nano zirconium chitosan composite: kinetic and equilibrium studies. 24887125 1 25 theme nanoparticles 179:191 arg1 synthesis 163:171 synthesis 163:171 synthesis of Zr nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Aloe vera 163:226 The present study reports a novel approach for synthesis of Zr nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Aloe vera. 24887125 12 26 theme present 1319:1325 arg1 study 1327:1331 The present study 1315:1331 The present study 1315:1331 The present study revealed that CNZr composite may work as an effective tool for removal of fluoride from contaminated water. 24887125 5 27 theme polydispersed 536:548 arg1 nanoparticles 551:563 polydispersed, nanoparticles 536:563 nanoparticles 551:563 TEM result showed the formation of polydispersed, nanoparticles ranging from 18nm to 42nm. 24887125 3 28 theme aqueous 410:416 arg1 solution 418:425 aqueous solution 410:425 aqueous solution 410:425 The composite was subjected to detailed adsorption studies for removal of fluoride from aqueous solution. 24887125 12 29 theme CNZr 1347:1350 arg1 composite 1352:1360 CNZr composite 1347:1360 CNZr composite 1347:1360 The present study revealed that CNZr composite may work as an effective tool for removal of fluoride from contaminated water. 24887125 12 30 theme contaminated 1421:1432 arg1 water 1434:1438 contaminated water 1421:1438 contaminated water 1421:1438 The present study revealed that CNZr composite may work as an effective tool for removal of fluoride from contaminated water. 24887125 1 31 theme aqueous 199:205 arg1 extract 207:213 aqueous extract 199:213 aqueous extract of Aloe vera 199:226 The present study reports a novel approach for synthesis of Zr nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Aloe vera. 24887125 0 32 theme synthesized 36:46 arg1 composite 72:80 biomimetically synthesized nano zirconium chitosan composite 21:80 biomimetically synthesized nano zirconium chitosan composite 21:80 Defluoridation using biomimetically synthesized nano zirconium chitosan composite: kinetic and equilibrium studies. 24887125 11 33 theme order 1181:1185 arg1 model 1187:1191 the pseudo-second order model 1163:1191 the pseudo-second order model 1163:1191 In comparison to pseudo-first order kinetic model, the pseudo-second order model could explain adsorption kinetic behavior of F(-) onto CNZr composite satisfactorily with a good correlation coefficient. 24887125 11 34 theme order 1142:1146 arg1 model 1156:1160 pseudo-first order kinetic model 1129:1160 pseudo-first order kinetic model 1129:1160 In comparison to pseudo-first order kinetic model, the pseudo-second order model could explain adsorption kinetic behavior of F(-) onto CNZr composite satisfactorily with a good correlation coefficient. 24887125 5 35 theme TEM 501:503 arg1 result 505:510 TEM result 501:510 TEM result 501:510 TEM result showed the formation of polydispersed, nanoparticles ranging from 18nm to 42nm. 24887125 3 36 theme fluoride 396:403 arg1 removal 385:391 removal 385:391 removal of fluoride from aqueous solution 385:425 The composite was subjected to detailed adsorption studies for removal of fluoride from aqueous solution. 24887125 11 37 theme pseudo-second 1167:1179 arg1 model 1187:1191 the pseudo-second order model 1163:1191 the pseudo-second order model 1163:1191 In comparison to pseudo-first order kinetic model, the pseudo-second order model could explain adsorption kinetic behavior of F(-) onto CNZr composite satisfactorily with a good correlation coefficient. 24887125 7 38 theme integral 709:716 arg1 Zr 699:700 Zr 699:700 Zr 699:700 EDAX analysis suggested that Zr was an integral component of synthesized nanoparticles. 24887125 7 38 theme integral 709:716 arg1 component 718:726 an integral component 706:726 an integral component of synthesized nanoparticles 706:755 EDAX analysis suggested that Zr was an integral component of synthesized nanoparticles. 24887125 1 39 theme present 120:126 arg1 study 128:132 The present study 116:132 The present study 116:132 The present study reports a novel approach for synthesis of Zr nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Aloe vera. 24887125 0 40 theme zirconium 53:61 arg1 composite 72:80 biomimetically synthesized nano zirconium chitosan composite 21:80 biomimetically synthesized nano zirconium chitosan composite 21:80 Defluoridation using biomimetically synthesized nano zirconium chitosan composite: kinetic and equilibrium studies. 24887125 4 41 theme absorption 475:484 arg1 peak 486:489 UV-vis absorption peak 468:489 UV-vis absorption peak 468:489 The synthesized Zr nanoparticles showed UV-vis absorption peak at 420nm. 24887125 1 42 theme Aloe 218:221 arg1 vera 223:226 Aloe vera 218:226 Aloe vera 218:226 The present study reports a novel approach for synthesis of Zr nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Aloe vera. 24887125 0 43 theme nano 48:51 arg1 composite 72:80 biomimetically synthesized nano zirconium chitosan composite 21:80 biomimetically synthesized nano zirconium chitosan composite 21:80 Defluoridation using biomimetically synthesized nano zirconium chitosan composite: kinetic and equilibrium studies. 24887125 6 44 theme XRD 601:603 arg1 analysis 605:612 SAED and XRD analysis 592:612 SAED and XRD analysis 592:612 SAED and XRD analysis suggested an fcc (face centered cubic) Zr crystallites. 24887125 9 45 theme fluoride 947:954 arg1 fluoride 947:954 fluoride 947:954 fluoride 947:954 The adsorption of fluoride on to CNZr composite worked well at pH 7.0, where ∼99% of fluoride was found to be adsorbed on adsorbent. 24887125 9 45 theme fluoride 947:954 arg1 % 942:942 ∼99% 939:942 ∼99% of fluoride 939:954 The adsorption of fluoride on to CNZr composite worked well at pH 7.0, where ∼99% of fluoride was found to be adsorbed on adsorbent. 24887125 1 46 theme vera 223:226 arg1 extract 207:213 aqueous extract 199:213 aqueous extract of Aloe vera 199:226 The present study reports a novel approach for synthesis of Zr nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Aloe vera. 24887125 11 47 theme good 1285:1288 arg1 correlation 1290:1300 a good correlation 1283:1300 a good correlation coefficient 1283:1312 In comparison to pseudo-first order kinetic model, the pseudo-second order model could explain adsorption kinetic behavior of F(-) onto CNZr composite satisfactorily with a good correlation coefficient. 24887125 8 48 theme FT-IR 758:762 arg1 study 764:768 FT-IR study 758:768 FT-IR study 758:768 FT-IR study indicated that functional group like NH, CO, CN and CC were involved in particle formation. 24887125 11 49 theme adsorption 1207:1216 arg1 behavior 1226:1233 adsorption kinetic behavior 1207:1233 adsorption kinetic behavior of F(-) onto CNZr composite satisfactorily with a good correlation coefficient 1207:1312 In comparison to pseudo-first order kinetic model, the pseudo-second order model could explain adsorption kinetic behavior of F(-) onto CNZr composite satisfactorily with a good correlation coefficient. 24887125 2 50 theme Resulting 229:237 arg1 nanoparticles 239:251 Resulting nanoparticles 229:251 Resulting nanoparticles 229:251 Resulting nanoparticles were embedded into chitosan biopolymer and termed as CNZr composite. 24887125 2 50 theme Resulting 229:237 arg1 composite 311:319 CNZr composite 306:319 CNZr composite 306:319 Resulting nanoparticles were embedded into chitosan biopolymer and termed as CNZr composite. 24887125 0 51 theme chitosan 63:70 arg1 composite 72:80 biomimetically synthesized nano zirconium chitosan composite 21:80 biomimetically synthesized nano zirconium chitosan composite 21:80 Defluoridation using biomimetically synthesized nano zirconium chitosan composite: kinetic and equilibrium studies. 24887125 10 52 theme Freundlich 1094:1103 arg1 model 1105:1109 Freundlich model 1094:1109 Freundlich model 1094:1109 Langmuir isotherm model best fitted the equilibrium data since it presented higher R(2) value than Freundlich model. 24887125 11 53 theme kinetic 1218:1224 arg1 behavior 1226:1233 adsorption kinetic behavior 1207:1233 adsorption kinetic behavior of F(-) onto CNZr composite satisfactorily with a good correlation coefficient 1207:1312 In comparison to pseudo-first order kinetic model, the pseudo-second order model could explain adsorption kinetic behavior of F(-) onto CNZr composite satisfactorily with a good correlation coefficient. 24887125 12 54 theme fluoride 1407:1414 arg1 removal 1396:1402 removal 1396:1402 removal of fluoride from contaminated water 1396:1438 The present study revealed that CNZr composite may work as an effective tool for removal of fluoride from contaminated water. 24887125 9 55 theme CNZr 895:898 arg1 composite 900:908 CNZr composite 895:908 CNZr composite 895:908 The adsorption of fluoride on to CNZr composite worked well at pH 7.0, where ∼99% of fluoride was found to be adsorbed on adsorbent. 24887125 4 56 theme Zr 444:445 arg1 nanoparticles 447:459 The synthesized Zr nanoparticles 428:459 The synthesized Zr nanoparticles 428:459 The synthesized Zr nanoparticles showed UV-vis absorption peak at 420nm. 24887125 6 57 dep fcc 627:629 arg1 face 632:635 face 632:635 face centered cubic 632:650 SAED and XRD analysis suggested an fcc (face centered cubic) Zr crystallites. 24887125 4 58 theme UV-vis 468:473 arg1 peak 486:489 UV-vis absorption peak 468:489 UV-vis absorption peak 468:489 The synthesized Zr nanoparticles showed UV-vis absorption peak at 420nm. 24887125 2 59 theme chitosan 272:279 arg1 biopolymer 281:290 chitosan biopolymer 272:290 chitosan biopolymer 272:290 Resulting nanoparticles were embedded into chitosan biopolymer and termed as CNZr composite. 24887125 1 60 theme novel 144:148 arg1 approach 150:157 a novel approach 142:157 a novel approach for synthesis of Zr nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Aloe vera 142:226 The present study reports a novel approach for synthesis of Zr nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Aloe vera. 24887125 8 61 theme functional 785:794 arg1 group 796:800 functional group 785:800 functional group like NH, CO, CN and CC 785:823 FT-IR study indicated that functional group like NH, CO, CN and CC were involved in particle formation. 24887125 0 62 theme kinetic 83:89 arg1 studies 107:113 kinetic and equilibrium studies 83:113 studies 107:113 Defluoridation using biomimetically synthesized nano zirconium chitosan composite: kinetic and equilibrium studies. 24887125 10 63 theme isotherm 1004:1011 arg1 model 1013:1017 Langmuir isotherm model 995:1017 Langmuir isotherm model 995:1017 Langmuir isotherm model best fitted the equilibrium data since it presented higher R(2) value than Freundlich model. 24887125 5 64 theme nanoparticles 551:563 arg1 formation 523:531 the formation 519:531 the formation of polydispersed, nanoparticles ranging from 18nm to 42nm 519:589 TEM result showed the formation of polydispersed, nanoparticles ranging from 18nm to 42nm. 24887125 11 65 with behavior 1226:1233 arg1 coefficient 1302:1312 a good correlation coefficient 1283:1312 a good correlation coefficient 1283:1312 In comparison to pseudo-first order kinetic model, the pseudo-second order model could explain adsorption kinetic behavior of F(-) onto CNZr composite satisfactorily with a good correlation coefficient. 24887125 6 66 theme Zr 653:654 arg1 crystallites 656:667 an fcc (face centered cubic) Zr crystallites 624:667 an fcc (face centered cubic) Zr crystallites 624:667 SAED and XRD analysis suggested an fcc (face centered cubic) Zr crystallites. 24887125 3 67 theme detailed 353:360 arg1 studies 373:379 detailed adsorption studies 353:379 detailed adsorption studies for removal of fluoride from aqueous solution 353:425 The composite was subjected to detailed adsorption studies for removal of fluoride from aqueous solution. 24887125 3 68 from solution 418:425 arg1 removal 385:391 removal 385:391 removal of fluoride from aqueous solution 385:425 The composite was subjected to detailed adsorption studies for removal of fluoride from aqueous solution. 24887125 8 69 theme particle 842:849 arg1 formation 851:859 particle formation 842:859 particle formation 842:859 FT-IR study indicated that functional group like NH, CO, CN and CC were involved in particle formation. 28864196 0 0 theme phthalate 94:102 arg1 esters 104:109 phthalate esters 94:109 phthalate esters 94:109 A polypyrrole-chitosan cryogel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor for the determination of phthalate esters in contact lenses storage solutions and in artificial saliva in contact with baby teethers. 28864196 3 1 theme esters 645:650 arg1 determination 607:619 determination 607:619 determination 607:619 The method developed in this work was applied for the preconcentration and determination of these four phthalate esters that might leach from contact lenses and baby teethers. 28864196 3 1 theme esters 645:650 arg1 preconcentration 586:601 preconcentration 586:601 preconcentration 586:601 The method developed in this work was applied for the preconcentration and determination of these four phthalate esters that might leach from contact lenses and baby teethers. 28864196 0 2 theme baby 188:191 arg1 teethers 193:200 baby teethers 188:200 baby teethers 188:200 A polypyrrole-chitosan cryogel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor for the determination of phthalate esters in contact lenses storage solutions and in artificial saliva in contact with baby teethers. 28864196 8 3 theme contact 1551:1557 arg1 lenses 1559:1564 contact lenses 1551:1564 contact lenses from 13.2 ± 1.1 ng mL-1 to 15.4 ± 1.9 ng mL-1 and from 21.3 ± 1.6 ng mL-1 to 23.5 ± 1.5 ng mL-1 1551:1660 DBP and DEHP were detected in two original storage solutions of contact lenses from 13.2 ± 1.1 ng mL-1 to 15.4 ± 1.9 ng mL-1 and from 21.3 ± 1.6 ng mL-1 to 23.5 ± 1.5 ng mL-1, respectively. 28864196 3 4 dep preconcentration 586:601 arg1 the 582:584 the 582:584 the 582:584 The method developed in this work was applied for the preconcentration and determination of these four phthalate esters that might leach from contact lenses and baby teethers. 28864196 5 5 theme surface 1058:1064 arg1 area 1066:1069 large surface area 1052:1069 large surface area 1052:1069 Scanning electron micrographs of the polypyrrole-chitosan cryogel beads revealed a high porosity with large surface area. 28864196 4 6 theme chitosan 757:764 arg1 cryogel 766:772 chitosan cryogel 757:772 chitosan cryogel composited with polypyrrole with a steel wire core 757:823 A novel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor of chitosan cryogel composited with polypyrrole with a steel wire core was evaluated for the extraction of DMP, DEP, DBP and DEHP before analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 28864196 4 7 theme steel 809:813 arg1 core 820:823 a steel wire core 807:823 a steel wire core 807:823 A novel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor of chitosan cryogel composited with polypyrrole with a steel wire core was evaluated for the extraction of DMP, DEP, DBP and DEHP before analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 28864196 9 8 from saliva 1695:1700 arg1 contact 1705:1711 contact 1705:1711 contact with baby teether samples 1705:1737 In the artificial saliva in contact with baby teether samples only DEHP was found, from 4.91 ± 0.31 ng mL-1 to 6.78 ± 0.23 ng mL-1, with good recoveries ranging from 81.3 ± 8.4% to 106.3 ± 5.2%. 28864196 4 9 theme wire 815:818 arg1 core 820:823 a steel wire core 807:823 a steel wire core 807:823 A novel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor of chitosan cryogel composited with polypyrrole with a steel wire core was evaluated for the extraction of DMP, DEP, DBP and DEHP before analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 28864196 4 10 theme DBP 871:873 arg1 extraction 847:856 the extraction 843:856 the extraction of DMP, DEP, DBP and DEHP 843:882 A novel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor of chitosan cryogel composited with polypyrrole with a steel wire core was evaluated for the extraction of DMP, DEP, DBP and DEHP before analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 28864196 6 11 theme good 1134:1137 arg1 linearity 1139:1147 a good linearity 1132:1147 a good linearity 1132:1147 Under the optimum conditions, the developed method provided a good linearity in a concentration range from 10 to 750 ng mL-1 for DMP and from 5.0 to 750 ng mL-1 for DEP, DBP and DEHP. 28864196 5 12 theme large 1052:1056 arg1 area 1066:1069 large surface area 1052:1069 large surface area 1052:1069 Scanning electron micrographs of the polypyrrole-chitosan cryogel beads revealed a high porosity with large surface area. 28864196 9 13 theme teether 1723:1729 arg1 samples 1731:1737 baby teether samples 1718:1737 baby teether samples 1718:1737 In the artificial saliva in contact with baby teether samples only DEHP was found, from 4.91 ± 0.31 ng mL-1 to 6.78 ± 0.23 ng mL-1, with good recoveries ranging from 81.3 ± 8.4% to 106.3 ± 5.2%. 28864196 6 14 dep 750 ng mL-1 1185:1195 arg1 to 1182:1183 to 1182:1183 to 1182:1183 Under the optimum conditions, the developed method provided a good linearity in a concentration range from 10 to 750 ng mL-1 for DMP and from 5.0 to 750 ng mL-1 for DEP, DBP and DEHP. 28864196 0 15 from saliva 165:170 arg1 contact 175:181 contact 175:181 contact with baby teethers 175:200 A polypyrrole-chitosan cryogel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor for the determination of phthalate esters in contact lenses storage solutions and in artificial saliva in contact with baby teethers. 28864196 0 16 theme esters 104:109 arg1 determination 77:89 the determination 73:89 the determination of phthalate esters 73:109 A polypyrrole-chitosan cryogel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor for the determination of phthalate esters in contact lenses storage solutions and in artificial saliva in contact with baby teethers. 28864196 8 17 from solutions 1538:1546 arg1 21.3 ± 1.6 ng mL-1 1621:1638 21.3 ± 1.6 ng mL-1 1621:1638 21.3 ± 1.6 ng mL-1 1621:1638 DBP and DEHP were detected in two original storage solutions of contact lenses from 13.2 ± 1.1 ng mL-1 to 15.4 ± 1.9 ng mL-1 and from 21.3 ± 1.6 ng mL-1 to 23.5 ± 1.5 ng mL-1, respectively. 28864196 8 17 from solutions 1538:1546 arg1 13.2 ± 1.1 ng mL-1 1571:1588 13.2 ± 1.1 ng mL-1 1571:1588 13.2 ± 1.1 ng mL-1 1571:1588 DBP and DEHP were detected in two original storage solutions of contact lenses from 13.2 ± 1.1 ng mL-1 to 15.4 ± 1.9 ng mL-1 and from 21.3 ± 1.6 ng mL-1 to 23.5 ± 1.5 ng mL-1, respectively. 28864196 6 18 theme developed 1106:1114 arg1 method 1116:1121 the developed method 1102:1121 the developed method 1102:1121 Under the optimum conditions, the developed method provided a good linearity in a concentration range from 10 to 750 ng mL-1 for DMP and from 5.0 to 750 ng mL-1 for DEP, DBP and DEHP. 28864196 4 19 theme performance 908:918 arg1 chromatography 927:940 high performance liquid chromatography 903:940 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 903:947 A novel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor of chitosan cryogel composited with polypyrrole with a steel wire core was evaluated for the extraction of DMP, DEP, DBP and DEHP before analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 28864196 4 19 theme performance 908:918 arg1 HPLC 943:946 HPLC 943:946 HPLC 943:946 A novel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor of chitosan cryogel composited with polypyrrole with a steel wire core was evaluated for the extraction of DMP, DEP, DBP and DEHP before analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 28864196 4 20 theme DEHP 879:882 arg1 extraction 847:856 the extraction 843:856 the extraction of DMP, DEP, DBP and DEHP 843:882 A novel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor of chitosan cryogel composited with polypyrrole with a steel wire core was evaluated for the extraction of DMP, DEP, DBP and DEHP before analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 28864196 0 21 from extractor 59:67 arg1 contact 114:120 contact 114:120 contact 114:120 A polypyrrole-chitosan cryogel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor for the determination of phthalate esters in contact lenses storage solutions and in artificial saliva in contact with baby teethers. 28864196 9 22 theme artificial 1684:1693 arg1 saliva 1695:1700 the artificial saliva 1680:1700 the artificial saliva in contact with baby teether samples 1680:1737 In the artificial saliva in contact with baby teether samples only DEHP was found, from 4.91 ± 0.31 ng mL-1 to 6.78 ± 0.23 ng mL-1, with good recoveries ranging from 81.3 ± 8.4% to 106.3 ± 5.2%. 28864196 4 23 theme novel 710:714 arg1 extractor 744:752 A novel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor 708:752 A novel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor of chitosan cryogel composited with polypyrrole with a steel wire core 708:823 A novel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor of chitosan cryogel composited with polypyrrole with a steel wire core was evaluated for the extraction of DMP, DEP, DBP and DEHP before analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 28864196 4 24 theme liquid 920:925 arg1 chromatography 927:940 high performance liquid chromatography 903:940 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 903:947 A novel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor of chitosan cryogel composited with polypyrrole with a steel wire core was evaluated for the extraction of DMP, DEP, DBP and DEHP before analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 28864196 4 24 theme liquid 920:925 arg1 HPLC 943:946 HPLC 943:946 HPLC 943:946 A novel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor of chitosan cryogel composited with polypyrrole with a steel wire core was evaluated for the extraction of DMP, DEP, DBP and DEHP before analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 28864196 5 25 theme high 1033:1036 arg1 porosity 1038:1045 a high porosity 1031:1045 a high porosity with large surface area 1031:1069 Scanning electron micrographs of the polypyrrole-chitosan cryogel beads revealed a high porosity with large surface area. 28864196 8 26 theme lenses 1559:1564 arg1 solutions 1538:1546 two original storage solutions 1517:1546 two original storage solutions of contact lenses from 13.2 ± 1.1 ng mL-1 to 15.4 ± 1.9 ng mL-1 and from 21.3 ± 1.6 ng mL-1 to 23.5 ± 1.5 ng mL-1 1517:1660 DBP and DEHP were detected in two original storage solutions of contact lenses from 13.2 ± 1.1 ng mL-1 to 15.4 ± 1.9 ng mL-1 and from 21.3 ± 1.6 ng mL-1 to 23.5 ± 1.5 ng mL-1, respectively. 28864196 0 27 theme polypyrrole-chitosan 2:21 arg1 extractor 59:67 A polypyrrole-chitosan cryogel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor 0:67 A polypyrrole-chitosan cryogel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor for the determination of phthalate esters in contact 0:120 A polypyrrole-chitosan cryogel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor for the determination of phthalate esters in contact lenses storage solutions and in artificial saliva in contact with baby teethers. 28864196 8 28 located detected 1505:1512 arg1 solutions 1538:1546 two original storage solutions 1517:1546 two original storage solutions of contact lenses from 13.2 ± 1.1 ng mL-1 to 15.4 ± 1.9 ng mL-1 and from 21.3 ± 1.6 ng mL-1 to 23.5 ± 1.5 ng mL-1 1517:1660 DBP and DEHP were detected in two original storage solutions of contact lenses from 13.2 ± 1.1 ng mL-1 to 15.4 ± 1.9 ng mL-1 and from 21.3 ± 1.6 ng mL-1 to 23.5 ± 1.5 ng mL-1, respectively. 28864196 8 28 located detected 1505:1512 arg2 DEHP 1495:1498 DEHP 1495:1498 DEHP 1495:1498 DBP and DEHP were detected in two original storage solutions of contact lenses from 13.2 ± 1.1 ng mL-1 to 15.4 ± 1.9 ng mL-1 and from 21.3 ± 1.6 ng mL-1 to 23.5 ± 1.5 ng mL-1, respectively. 28864196 8 28 located detected 1505:1512 arg2 DBP 1487:1489 DBP 1487:1489 DBP 1487:1489 DBP and DEHP were detected in two original storage solutions of contact lenses from 13.2 ± 1.1 ng mL-1 to 15.4 ± 1.9 ng mL-1 and from 21.3 ± 1.6 ng mL-1 to 23.5 ± 1.5 ng mL-1, respectively. 28864196 8 29 from 13.2 ± 1.1 ng mL-1 1571:1588 arg1 solutions 1538:1546 two original storage solutions 1517:1546 two original storage solutions of contact lenses from 13.2 ± 1.1 ng mL-1 to 15.4 ± 1.9 ng mL-1 and from 21.3 ± 1.6 ng mL-1 to 23.5 ± 1.5 ng mL-1 1517:1660 DBP and DEHP were detected in two original storage solutions of contact lenses from 13.2 ± 1.1 ng mL-1 to 15.4 ± 1.9 ng mL-1 and from 21.3 ± 1.6 ng mL-1 to 23.5 ± 1.5 ng mL-1, respectively. 28864196 8 29 from 13.2 ± 1.1 ng mL-1 1571:1588 arg1 lenses 1559:1564 contact lenses 1551:1564 contact lenses from 13.2 ± 1.1 ng mL-1 to 15.4 ± 1.9 ng mL-1 and from 21.3 ± 1.6 ng mL-1 to 23.5 ± 1.5 ng mL-1 1551:1660 DBP and DEHP were detected in two original storage solutions of contact lenses from 13.2 ± 1.1 ng mL-1 to 15.4 ± 1.9 ng mL-1 and from 21.3 ± 1.6 ng mL-1 to 23.5 ± 1.5 ng mL-1, respectively. 28864196 1 30 theme di-2-ethylhexyl 315:329 arg1 DEHP 342:345 DEHP 342:345 DEHP 342:345 Phthalate esters (PAEs), especially dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) are widely used as plasticizers in plastics and polymers. 28864196 1 30 theme di-2-ethylhexyl 315:329 arg1 phthalate 331:339 di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate 315:339 di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) 315:346 Phthalate esters (PAEs), especially dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) are widely used as plasticizers in plastics and polymers. 28864196 1 30 theme di-2-ethylhexyl 315:329 arg1 phthalate 248:256 dimethyl phthalate 239:256 dimethyl phthalate (DMP) 239:262 Phthalate esters (PAEs), especially dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) are widely used as plasticizers in plastics and polymers. 28864196 9 31 theme baby 1718:1721 arg1 samples 1731:1737 baby teether samples 1718:1737 baby teether samples 1718:1737 In the artificial saliva in contact with baby teether samples only DEHP was found, from 4.91 ± 0.31 ng mL-1 to 6.78 ± 0.23 ng mL-1, with good recoveries ranging from 81.3 ± 8.4% to 106.3 ± 5.2%. 28864196 7 32 theme method 1433:1438 arg1 n = 6 1466:1470 n = 6 1466:1470 n = 6 1466:1470 The limits of detection (LOD) were 6.07 ± 0.22 ng mL-1, 4.358 ± 0.097 ng mL-1, 4.408 ± 0.099 ng mL-1 and 3.916 ± 0.053 ng mL-1 for DMP, DEP, DBP and DEHP, respectively, and the method reproducibility was good (n = 6, % RSD < 6.0). 28864196 7 32 theme method 1433:1438 arg1 good 1460:1463 good 1460:1463 good 1460:1463 The limits of detection (LOD) were 6.07 ± 0.22 ng mL-1, 4.358 ± 0.097 ng mL-1, 4.408 ± 0.099 ng mL-1 and 3.916 ± 0.053 ng mL-1 for DMP, DEP, DBP and DEHP, respectively, and the method reproducibility was good (n = 6, % RSD < 6.0). 28864196 7 32 theme method 1433:1438 arg1 reproducibility 1440:1454 the method reproducibility 1429:1454 the method reproducibility 1429:1454 The limits of detection (LOD) were 6.07 ± 0.22 ng mL-1, 4.358 ± 0.097 ng mL-1, 4.408 ± 0.099 ng mL-1 and 3.916 ± 0.053 ng mL-1 for DMP, DEP, DBP and DEHP, respectively, and the method reproducibility was good (n = 6, % RSD < 6.0). 28864196 6 33 theme optimum 1082:1088 arg1 conditions 1090:1099 the optimum conditions 1078:1099 the optimum conditions 1078:1099 Under the optimum conditions, the developed method provided a good linearity in a concentration range from 10 to 750 ng mL-1 for DMP and from 5.0 to 750 ng mL-1 for DEP, DBP and DEHP. 28864196 0 34 theme stir-bead 31:39 arg1 extractor 59:67 A polypyrrole-chitosan cryogel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor 0:67 A polypyrrole-chitosan cryogel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor for the determination of phthalate esters in contact 0:120 A polypyrrole-chitosan cryogel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor for the determination of phthalate esters in contact lenses storage solutions and in artificial saliva in contact with baby teethers. 28864196 1 35 theme diethyl 265:271 arg1 phthalate 273:281 diethyl phthalate 265:281 diethyl phthalate (DEP) 265:287 Phthalate esters (PAEs), especially dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) are widely used as plasticizers in plastics and polymers. 28864196 1 35 theme diethyl 265:271 arg1 phthalate 248:256 dimethyl phthalate 239:256 dimethyl phthalate (DMP) 239:262 Phthalate esters (PAEs), especially dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) are widely used as plasticizers in plastics and polymers. 28864196 1 35 theme diethyl 265:271 arg1 DEP 284:286 DEP 284:286 DEP 284:286 Phthalate esters (PAEs), especially dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) are widely used as plasticizers in plastics and polymers. 28864196 4 36 theme DMP 861:863 arg1 extraction 847:856 the extraction 843:856 the extraction of DMP, DEP, DBP and DEHP 843:882 A novel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor of chitosan cryogel composited with polypyrrole with a steel wire core was evaluated for the extraction of DMP, DEP, DBP and DEHP before analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 28864196 5 37 theme Scanning 950:957 arg1 micrographs 968:978 Scanning electron micrographs 950:978 Scanning electron micrographs of the polypyrrole-chitosan cryogel beads 950:1020 Scanning electron micrographs of the polypyrrole-chitosan cryogel beads revealed a high porosity with large surface area. 28864196 4 38 theme high 903:906 arg1 chromatography 927:940 high performance liquid chromatography 903:940 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 903:947 A novel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor of chitosan cryogel composited with polypyrrole with a steel wire core was evaluated for the extraction of DMP, DEP, DBP and DEHP before analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 28864196 4 38 theme high 903:906 arg1 HPLC 943:946 HPLC 943:946 HPLC 943:946 A novel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor of chitosan cryogel composited with polypyrrole with a steel wire core was evaluated for the extraction of DMP, DEP, DBP and DEHP before analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 28864196 1 39 theme Phthalate 203:211 arg1 esters 213:218 Phthalate esters 203:218 Phthalate esters (PAEs) 203:225 Phthalate esters (PAEs), especially dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) are widely used as plasticizers in plastics and polymers. 28864196 1 39 theme Phthalate 203:211 arg1 plasticizers 367:378 plasticizers 367:378 plasticizers in plastics and polymers 367:403 Phthalate esters (PAEs), especially dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) are widely used as plasticizers in plastics and polymers. 28864196 1 39 theme Phthalate 203:211 arg1 phthalate 248:256 dimethyl phthalate 239:256 dimethyl phthalate (DMP) 239:262 Phthalate esters (PAEs), especially dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) are widely used as plasticizers in plastics and polymers. 28864196 1 39 theme Phthalate 203:211 arg1 PAEs 221:224 PAEs 221:224 PAEs 221:224 Phthalate esters (PAEs), especially dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) are widely used as plasticizers in plastics and polymers. 28864196 0 40 theme cryogel 23:29 arg1 extractor 59:67 A polypyrrole-chitosan cryogel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor 0:67 A polypyrrole-chitosan cryogel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor for the determination of phthalate esters in contact 0:120 A polypyrrole-chitosan cryogel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor for the determination of phthalate esters in contact lenses storage solutions and in artificial saliva in contact with baby teethers. 28864196 3 41 theme contact 674:680 arg1 lenses 682:687 contact lenses 674:687 contact lenses 674:687 The method developed in this work was applied for the preconcentration and determination of these four phthalate esters that might leach from contact lenses and baby teethers. 28864196 0 42 theme storage 129:135 arg1 solutions 137:145 storage solutions 129:145 storage solutions 129:145 A polypyrrole-chitosan cryogel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor for the determination of phthalate esters in contact lenses storage solutions and in artificial saliva in contact with baby teethers. 28864196 5 43 theme polypyrrole-chitosan 987:1006 arg1 beads 1016:1020 the polypyrrole-chitosan cryogel beads 983:1020 the polypyrrole-chitosan cryogel beads 983:1020 Scanning electron micrographs of the polypyrrole-chitosan cryogel beads revealed a high porosity with large surface area. 28864196 0 44 theme phase 53:57 arg1 extractor 59:67 A polypyrrole-chitosan cryogel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor 0:67 A polypyrrole-chitosan cryogel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor for the determination of phthalate esters in contact 0:120 A polypyrrole-chitosan cryogel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor for the determination of phthalate esters in contact lenses storage solutions and in artificial saliva in contact with baby teethers. 28864196 4 45 theme DEP 866:868 arg1 extraction 847:856 the extraction 843:856 the extraction of DMP, DEP, DBP and DEHP 843:882 A novel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor of chitosan cryogel composited with polypyrrole with a steel wire core was evaluated for the extraction of DMP, DEP, DBP and DEHP before analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 28864196 5 46 theme cryogel 1008:1014 arg1 beads 1016:1020 the polypyrrole-chitosan cryogel beads 983:1020 the polypyrrole-chitosan cryogel beads 983:1020 Scanning electron micrographs of the polypyrrole-chitosan cryogel beads revealed a high porosity with large surface area. 28864196 4 47 theme phase 738:742 arg1 extractor 744:752 A novel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor 708:752 A novel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor of chitosan cryogel composited with polypyrrole with a steel wire core 708:823 A novel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor of chitosan cryogel composited with polypyrrole with a steel wire core was evaluated for the extraction of DMP, DEP, DBP and DEHP before analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 28864196 0 48 theme micro-solid 41:51 arg1 extractor 59:67 A polypyrrole-chitosan cryogel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor 0:67 A polypyrrole-chitosan cryogel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor for the determination of phthalate esters in contact 0:120 A polypyrrole-chitosan cryogel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor for the determination of phthalate esters in contact lenses storage solutions and in artificial saliva in contact with baby teethers. 28864196 2 49 theme human 473:477 arg1 tissue 479:484 human tissue 473:484 human tissue 473:484 They are not chemically bound and can easily migrate into food and human tissue that comes into contact with these materials. 28864196 5 50 theme beads 1016:1020 arg1 micrographs 968:978 Scanning electron micrographs 950:978 Scanning electron micrographs of the polypyrrole-chitosan cryogel beads 950:1020 Scanning electron micrographs of the polypyrrole-chitosan cryogel beads revealed a high porosity with large surface area. 28864196 6 51 theme concentration 1154:1166 arg1 range 1168:1172 a concentration range 1152:1172 a concentration range from 10 to 750 ng mL-1 for DMP and from 5.0 to 750 ng mL-1 for DEP, DBP and DEHP 1152:1253 Under the optimum conditions, the developed method provided a good linearity in a concentration range from 10 to 750 ng mL-1 for DMP and from 5.0 to 750 ng mL-1 for DEP, DBP and DEHP. 28864196 7 52 theme detection 1270:1278 arg1 6.07 ± 0.22 ng mL-1 1291:1309 6.07 ± 0.22 ng mL-1 1291:1309 6.07 ± 0.22 ng mL-1 1291:1309 The limits of detection (LOD) were 6.07 ± 0.22 ng mL-1, 4.358 ± 0.097 ng mL-1, 4.408 ± 0.099 ng mL-1 and 3.916 ± 0.053 ng mL-1 for DMP, DEP, DBP and DEHP, respectively, and the method reproducibility was good (n = 6, % RSD < 6.0). 28864196 7 52 theme detection 1270:1278 arg1 limits 1260:1265 The limits 1256:1265 The limits of detection (LOD) 1256:1284 The limits of detection (LOD) were 6.07 ± 0.22 ng mL-1, 4.358 ± 0.097 ng mL-1, 4.408 ± 0.099 ng mL-1 and 3.916 ± 0.053 ng mL-1 for DMP, DEP, DBP and DEHP, respectively, and the method reproducibility was good (n = 6, % RSD < 6.0). 28864196 8 53 theme storage 1530:1536 arg1 solutions 1538:1546 two original storage solutions 1517:1546 two original storage solutions of contact lenses from 13.2 ± 1.1 ng mL-1 to 15.4 ± 1.9 ng mL-1 and from 21.3 ± 1.6 ng mL-1 to 23.5 ± 1.5 ng mL-1 1517:1660 DBP and DEHP were detected in two original storage solutions of contact lenses from 13.2 ± 1.1 ng mL-1 to 15.4 ± 1.9 ng mL-1 and from 21.3 ± 1.6 ng mL-1 to 23.5 ± 1.5 ng mL-1, respectively. 28864196 6 54 from 5.0 1214:1216 arg1 range 1168:1172 a concentration range 1152:1172 a concentration range from 10 to 750 ng mL-1 for DMP and from 5.0 to 750 ng mL-1 for DEP, DBP and DEHP 1152:1253 Under the optimum conditions, the developed method provided a good linearity in a concentration range from 10 to 750 ng mL-1 for DMP and from 5.0 to 750 ng mL-1 for DEP, DBP and DEHP. 28864196 3 55 theme baby 693:696 arg1 teethers 698:705 baby teethers 693:705 baby teethers 693:705 The method developed in this work was applied for the preconcentration and determination of these four phthalate esters that might leach from contact lenses and baby teethers. 28864196 0 56 theme artificial 154:163 arg1 saliva 165:170 artificial saliva 154:170 artificial saliva 154:170 A polypyrrole-chitosan cryogel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor for the determination of phthalate esters in contact lenses storage solutions and in artificial saliva in contact with baby teethers. 28864196 5 57 theme electron 959:966 arg1 micrographs 968:978 Scanning electron micrographs 950:978 Scanning electron micrographs of the polypyrrole-chitosan cryogel beads 950:1020 Scanning electron micrographs of the polypyrrole-chitosan cryogel beads revealed a high porosity with large surface area. 28864196 4 58 theme cryogel 766:772 arg1 extractor 744:752 A novel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor 708:752 A novel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor of chitosan cryogel composited with polypyrrole with a steel wire core 708:823 A novel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor of chitosan cryogel composited with polypyrrole with a steel wire core was evaluated for the extraction of DMP, DEP, DBP and DEHP before analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 28864196 5 59 with porosity 1038:1045 arg1 area 1066:1069 large surface area 1052:1069 large surface area 1052:1069 Scanning electron micrographs of the polypyrrole-chitosan cryogel beads revealed a high porosity with large surface area. 28864196 1 60 theme dibutyl 290:296 arg1 DBP 309:311 DBP 309:311 DBP 309:311 Phthalate esters (PAEs), especially dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) are widely used as plasticizers in plastics and polymers. 28864196 1 60 theme dibutyl 290:296 arg1 phthalate 298:306 dibutyl phthalate 290:306 dibutyl phthalate (DBP) 290:312 Phthalate esters (PAEs), especially dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) are widely used as plasticizers in plastics and polymers. 28864196 1 60 theme dibutyl 290:296 arg1 phthalate 248:256 dimethyl phthalate 239:256 dimethyl phthalate (DMP) 239:262 Phthalate esters (PAEs), especially dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) are widely used as plasticizers in plastics and polymers. 28864196 7 61 dep good 1460:1463 arg1 % 1473:1473 % RSD < 6.0 1473:1483 % RSD < 6.0 1473:1483 The limits of detection (LOD) were 6.07 ± 0.22 ng mL-1, 4.358 ± 0.097 ng mL-1, 4.408 ± 0.099 ng mL-1 and 3.916 ± 0.053 ng mL-1 for DMP, DEP, DBP and DEHP, respectively, and the method reproducibility was good (n = 6, % RSD < 6.0). 28864196 7 61 dep good 1460:1463 arg1 n = 6 1466:1470 n = 6 1466:1470 n = 6 1466:1470 The limits of detection (LOD) were 6.07 ± 0.22 ng mL-1, 4.358 ± 0.097 ng mL-1, 4.408 ± 0.099 ng mL-1 and 3.916 ± 0.053 ng mL-1 for DMP, DEP, DBP and DEHP, respectively, and the method reproducibility was good (n = 6, % RSD < 6.0). 28864196 7 61 dep good 1460:1463 arg1 good 1460:1463 good 1460:1463 good 1460:1463 The limits of detection (LOD) were 6.07 ± 0.22 ng mL-1, 4.358 ± 0.097 ng mL-1, 4.408 ± 0.099 ng mL-1 and 3.916 ± 0.053 ng mL-1 for DMP, DEP, DBP and DEHP, respectively, and the method reproducibility was good (n = 6, % RSD < 6.0). 28864196 7 61 dep good 1460:1463 arg1 reproducibility 1440:1454 the method reproducibility 1429:1454 the method reproducibility 1429:1454 The limits of detection (LOD) were 6.07 ± 0.22 ng mL-1, 4.358 ± 0.097 ng mL-1, 4.408 ± 0.099 ng mL-1 and 3.916 ± 0.053 ng mL-1 for DMP, DEP, DBP and DEHP, respectively, and the method reproducibility was good (n = 6, % RSD < 6.0). 28864196 4 62 theme micro-solid 726:736 arg1 extractor 744:752 A novel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor 708:752 A novel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor of chitosan cryogel composited with polypyrrole with a steel wire core 708:823 A novel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor of chitosan cryogel composited with polypyrrole with a steel wire core was evaluated for the extraction of DMP, DEP, DBP and DEHP before analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 28864196 9 63 with contact 1705:1711 arg1 samples 1731:1737 baby teether samples 1718:1737 baby teether samples 1718:1737 In the artificial saliva in contact with baby teether samples only DEHP was found, from 4.91 ± 0.31 ng mL-1 to 6.78 ± 0.23 ng mL-1, with good recoveries ranging from 81.3 ± 8.4% to 106.3 ± 5.2%. 28864196 8 64 theme original 1521:1528 arg1 solutions 1538:1546 two original storage solutions 1517:1546 two original storage solutions of contact lenses from 13.2 ± 1.1 ng mL-1 to 15.4 ± 1.9 ng mL-1 and from 21.3 ± 1.6 ng mL-1 to 23.5 ± 1.5 ng mL-1 1517:1660 DBP and DEHP were detected in two original storage solutions of contact lenses from 13.2 ± 1.1 ng mL-1 to 15.4 ± 1.9 ng mL-1 and from 21.3 ± 1.6 ng mL-1 to 23.5 ± 1.5 ng mL-1, respectively. 28864196 4 65 theme stir-bead 716:724 arg1 extractor 744:752 A novel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor 708:752 A novel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor of chitosan cryogel composited with polypyrrole with a steel wire core 708:823 A novel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor of chitosan cryogel composited with polypyrrole with a steel wire core was evaluated for the extraction of DMP, DEP, DBP and DEHP before analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 28864196 1 66 from plasticizers 367:378 arg1 polymers 396:403 polymers 396:403 polymers 396:403 Phthalate esters (PAEs), especially dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) are widely used as plasticizers in plastics and polymers. 28864196 1 66 from plasticizers 367:378 arg1 plastics 383:390 plastics 383:390 plastics 383:390 Phthalate esters (PAEs), especially dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) are widely used as plasticizers in plastics and polymers. 28864196 9 67 theme good 1814:1817 arg1 recoveries 1819:1828 good recoveries 1814:1828 good recoveries ranging from 81.3 ± 8.4% to 106.3 ± 5.2% 1814:1869 In the artificial saliva in contact with baby teether samples only DEHP was found, from 4.91 ± 0.31 ng mL-1 to 6.78 ± 0.23 ng mL-1, with good recoveries ranging from 81.3 ± 8.4% to 106.3 ± 5.2%. 28864196 9 68 located found 1753:1757 arg1 saliva 1695:1700 the artificial saliva 1680:1700 the artificial saliva in contact with baby teether samples 1680:1737 In the artificial saliva in contact with baby teether samples only DEHP was found, from 4.91 ± 0.31 ng mL-1 to 6.78 ± 0.23 ng mL-1, with good recoveries ranging from 81.3 ± 8.4% to 106.3 ± 5.2%. 28864196 9 68 located found 1753:1757 arg2 DEHP 1744:1747 only DEHP 1739:1747 only DEHP 1739:1747 In the artificial saliva in contact with baby teether samples only DEHP was found, from 4.91 ± 0.31 ng mL-1 to 6.78 ± 0.23 ng mL-1, with good recoveries ranging from 81.3 ± 8.4% to 106.3 ± 5.2%. 28864196 0 69 with contact 175:181 arg1 teethers 193:200 baby teethers 188:200 baby teethers 188:200 A polypyrrole-chitosan cryogel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor for the determination of phthalate esters in contact lenses storage solutions and in artificial saliva in contact with baby teethers. 28864196 6 70 from 750 ng mL-1 1185:1195 arg1 range 1168:1172 a concentration range 1152:1172 a concentration range from 10 to 750 ng mL-1 for DMP and from 5.0 to 750 ng mL-1 for DEP, DBP and DEHP 1152:1253 Under the optimum conditions, the developed method provided a good linearity in a concentration range from 10 to 750 ng mL-1 for DMP and from 5.0 to 750 ng mL-1 for DEP, DBP and DEHP. 28864196 3 71 theme phthalate 635:643 arg1 esters 645:650 these four phthalate esters 624:650 these four phthalate esters that might leach from contact lenses and baby teethers 624:705 The method developed in this work was applied for the preconcentration and determination of these four phthalate esters that might leach from contact lenses and baby teethers. 28864196 1 72 used used 359:362 arg2 PAEs 221:224 PAEs 221:224 PAEs 221:224 Phthalate esters (PAEs), especially dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) are widely used as plasticizers in plastics and polymers. 28864196 1 72 used used 359:362 arg2 esters 213:218 Phthalate esters 203:218 Phthalate esters (PAEs) 203:225 Phthalate esters (PAEs), especially dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) are widely used as plasticizers in plastics and polymers. 28864196 1 72 used used 359:362 arg2 plasticizers 367:378 plasticizers 367:378 plasticizers in plastics and polymers 367:403 Phthalate esters (PAEs), especially dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) are widely used as plasticizers in plastics and polymers. 28864196 1 72 used used 359:362 arg2 phthalate 248:256 dimethyl phthalate 239:256 dimethyl phthalate (DMP) 239:262 Phthalate esters (PAEs), especially dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) are widely used as plasticizers in plastics and polymers. 28864196 8 73 from 21.3 ± 1.6 ng mL-1 1621:1638 arg1 solutions 1538:1546 two original storage solutions 1517:1546 two original storage solutions of contact lenses from 13.2 ± 1.1 ng mL-1 to 15.4 ± 1.9 ng mL-1 and from 21.3 ± 1.6 ng mL-1 to 23.5 ± 1.5 ng mL-1 1517:1660 DBP and DEHP were detected in two original storage solutions of contact lenses from 13.2 ± 1.1 ng mL-1 to 15.4 ± 1.9 ng mL-1 and from 21.3 ± 1.6 ng mL-1 to 23.5 ± 1.5 ng mL-1, respectively. 28864196 8 73 from 21.3 ± 1.6 ng mL-1 1621:1638 arg1 lenses 1559:1564 contact lenses 1551:1564 contact lenses from 13.2 ± 1.1 ng mL-1 to 15.4 ± 1.9 ng mL-1 and from 21.3 ± 1.6 ng mL-1 to 23.5 ± 1.5 ng mL-1 1551:1660 DBP and DEHP were detected in two original storage solutions of contact lenses from 13.2 ± 1.1 ng mL-1 to 15.4 ± 1.9 ng mL-1 and from 21.3 ± 1.6 ng mL-1 to 23.5 ± 1.5 ng mL-1, respectively. 28864196 2 74 with contact 502:508 arg1 materials 521:529 these materials 515:529 these materials 515:529 They are not chemically bound and can easily migrate into food and human tissue that comes into contact with these materials. 28864196 1 75 theme dimethyl 239:246 arg1 phthalate 331:339 di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate 315:339 di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) 315:346 Phthalate esters (PAEs), especially dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) are widely used as plasticizers in plastics and polymers. 28864196 1 75 theme dimethyl 239:246 arg1 phthalate 273:281 diethyl phthalate 265:281 diethyl phthalate (DEP) 265:287 Phthalate esters (PAEs), especially dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) are widely used as plasticizers in plastics and polymers. 28864196 1 75 theme dimethyl 239:246 arg1 esters 213:218 Phthalate esters 203:218 Phthalate esters (PAEs) 203:225 Phthalate esters (PAEs), especially dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) are widely used as plasticizers in plastics and polymers. 28864196 1 75 theme dimethyl 239:246 arg1 phthalate 298:306 dibutyl phthalate 290:306 dibutyl phthalate (DBP) 290:312 Phthalate esters (PAEs), especially dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) are widely used as plasticizers in plastics and polymers. 28864196 1 75 theme dimethyl 239:246 arg1 phthalate 248:256 dimethyl phthalate 239:256 dimethyl phthalate (DMP) 239:262 Phthalate esters (PAEs), especially dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) are widely used as plasticizers in plastics and polymers. 28864196 1 75 theme dimethyl 239:246 arg1 DMP 259:261 DMP 259:261 DMP 259:261 Phthalate esters (PAEs), especially dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) are widely used as plasticizers in plastics and polymers. 24742996 2 0 dep agents 571:576 arg1 out 556:558 out 556:558 out 556:558 Radial mycelial growth was measured in Petri dishes of PDA amended with three different concentrations of the agents (0.01-0.2%, v/v) after 7 days of incubation at 25 °C. Thirteen out of fifteen agents tested completely inhibited the radial growth of the fungus at various concentrations. 24742996 3 1 theme ammonium 677:684 arg1 effective 755:763 effective 755:763 effective 755:763 Among them, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate were the most effective while sodium acetate and sodium formate were the least effective. 24742996 3 1 theme ammonium 677:684 arg1 carbonate 686:694 ammonium carbonate 677:694 ammonium carbonate 677:694 Among them, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate were the most effective while sodium acetate and sodium formate were the least effective. 24742996 3 1 theme ammonium 677:684 arg1 bicarbonate 706:716 ammonium bicarbonate 697:716 ammonium bicarbonate 697:716 Among them, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate were the most effective while sodium acetate and sodium formate were the least effective. 24742996 3 1 theme ammonium 677:684 arg1 bicarbonate 729:739 sodium bicarbonate 722:739 sodium bicarbonate 722:739 Among them, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate were the most effective while sodium acetate and sodium formate were the least effective. 24742996 8 2 theme % 1703:1703 arg1 methylparaben 1712:1724 sodium methylparaben 1705:1724 sodium methylparaben 1705:1724 All the tested coatings reduced disease severity to some extent, but coatings containing 0.1% sodium methylparaben or sodium ethylparaben or 0.2% ammonium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate were superior to the rest, with reduction rates of 45-50%. 24742996 2 3 theme mycelial 383:390 arg1 growth 392:397 Radial mycelial growth 376:397 Radial mycelial growth 376:397 Radial mycelial growth was measured in Petri dishes of PDA amended with three different concentrations of the agents (0.01-0.2%, v/v) after 7 days of incubation at 25 °C. Thirteen out of fifteen agents tested completely inhibited the radial growth of the fungus at various concentrations. 24742996 6 4 theme progress 1347:1354 arg1 stairs 1356:1361 the disease progress stairs 1335:1361 the disease progress stairs' (AUDPS) 1335:1370 Disease incidence (%) and severity (lesion diameter) were determined after 4, 6, and 8 days of incubation and the 'area under the disease progress stairs' (AUDPS) was calculated. 24742996 6 4 theme progress 1347:1354 arg1 AUDPS 1365:1369 AUDPS 1365:1369 AUDPS 1365:1369 Disease incidence (%) and severity (lesion diameter) were determined after 4, 6, and 8 days of incubation and the 'area under the disease progress stairs' (AUDPS) was calculated. 24742996 3 5 theme sodium 722:727 arg1 effective 755:763 effective 755:763 effective 755:763 Among them, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate were the most effective while sodium acetate and sodium formate were the least effective. 24742996 3 5 theme sodium 722:727 arg1 carbonate 686:694 ammonium carbonate 677:694 ammonium carbonate 677:694 Among them, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate were the most effective while sodium acetate and sodium formate were the least effective. 24742996 3 5 theme sodium 722:727 arg1 bicarbonate 706:716 ammonium bicarbonate 697:716 ammonium bicarbonate 697:716 Among them, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate were the most effective while sodium acetate and sodium formate were the least effective. 24742996 3 5 theme sodium 722:727 arg1 bicarbonate 729:739 sodium bicarbonate 722:739 sodium bicarbonate 722:739 Among them, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate were the most effective while sodium acetate and sodium formate were the least effective. 24742996 9 6 theme rot 2116:2118 arg1 control 2087:2093 the control 2083:2093 the control of postharvest brown rot in plums 2083:2127 Overall, the results showed that most of the agents tested in this study had significant antimicrobial activity against M. fructicola and the application of selected antifungal edible coatings is a promising alternative for the control of postharvest brown rot in plums. 24742996 8 7 theme sodium 1729:1734 arg1 ethylparaben 1736:1747 sodium ethylparaben 1729:1747 sodium ethylparaben 1729:1747 All the tested coatings reduced disease severity to some extent, but coatings containing 0.1% sodium methylparaben or sodium ethylparaben or 0.2% ammonium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate were superior to the rest, with reduction rates of 45-50%. 24742996 9 8 theme significant 1936:1946 arg1 activity 1962:1969 significant antimicrobial activity 1936:1969 significant antimicrobial activity against M. fructicola 1936:1991 Overall, the results showed that most of the agents tested in this study had significant antimicrobial activity against M. fructicola and the application of selected antifungal edible coatings is a promising alternative for the control of postharvest brown rot in plums. 24742996 5 9 dep RH 1205:1206 arg1 % 1203:1203 % 1203:1203 % 1203:1203 'Friar' and 'Larry Ann' plums were inoculated with the pathogen, coated with stable edible coatings about 24h later, and incubated at 20 °C and 90% RH. 24742996 0 10 theme edible 138:143 arg1 coatings 145:152 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-lipid composite edible coatings 92:152 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-lipid composite edible coatings for plums 92:162 Evaluating food additives as antifungal agents against Monilinia fructicola in vitro and in hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-lipid composite edible coatings for plums. 24742996 4 11 theme edible 944:949 arg1 coatings 951:958 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-lipid edible coatings 901:958 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-lipid edible coatings against brown rot disease 901:984 The effective agents and concentrations were tested as ingredients of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-lipid edible coatings against brown rot disease on plums previously inoculated with M. fructicola (curative activity). 24742996 9 12 theme selected 2016:2023 arg1 coatings 2043:2050 selected antifungal edible coatings 2016:2050 selected antifungal edible coatings 2016:2050 Overall, the results showed that most of the agents tested in this study had significant antimicrobial activity against M. fructicola and the application of selected antifungal edible coatings is a promising alternative for the control of postharvest brown rot in plums. 24742996 5 13 theme Larry 1070:1074 arg1 plums 1081:1085 Larry Ann' plums 1070:1085 Larry Ann' plums 1070:1085 'Friar' and 'Larry Ann' plums were inoculated with the pathogen, coated with stable edible coatings about 24h later, and incubated at 20 °C and 90% RH. 24742996 3 14 theme sodium 771:776 arg1 effective 820:828 effective 820:828 effective 820:828 Among them, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate were the most effective while sodium acetate and sodium formate were the least effective. 24742996 3 14 theme sodium 771:776 arg1 acetate 778:784 sodium acetate 771:784 sodium acetate 771:784 Among them, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate were the most effective while sodium acetate and sodium formate were the least effective. 24742996 3 14 theme sodium 771:776 arg1 formate 797:803 sodium formate 790:803 sodium formate 790:803 Among them, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate were the most effective while sodium acetate and sodium formate were the least effective. 24742996 2 15 theme agents 571:576 arg1 incubation 526:535 incubation 526:535 incubation at 25 °C. Thirteen out of fifteen agents tested completely inhibited the radial growth of the fungus at various concentrations 526:662 Radial mycelial growth was measured in Petri dishes of PDA amended with three different concentrations of the agents (0.01-0.2%, v/v) after 7 days of incubation at 25 °C. Thirteen out of fifteen agents tested completely inhibited the radial growth of the fungus at various concentrations. 24742996 9 16 theme edible 2036:2041 arg1 coatings 2043:2050 selected antifungal edible coatings 2016:2050 selected antifungal edible coatings 2016:2050 Overall, the results showed that most of the agents tested in this study had significant antimicrobial activity against M. fructicola and the application of selected antifungal edible coatings is a promising alternative for the control of postharvest brown rot in plums. 24742996 8 17 theme ammonium 1779:1786 arg1 bicarbonate 1788:1798 ammonium bicarbonate 1779:1798 ammonium bicarbonate 1779:1798 All the tested coatings reduced disease severity to some extent, but coatings containing 0.1% sodium methylparaben or sodium ethylparaben or 0.2% ammonium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate were superior to the rest, with reduction rates of 45-50%. 24742996 8 18 theme tested 1619:1624 arg1 coatings 1626:1633 All the tested coatings 1611:1633 All the tested coatings 1611:1633 All the tested coatings reduced disease severity to some extent, but coatings containing 0.1% sodium methylparaben or sodium ethylparaben or 0.2% ammonium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate were superior to the rest, with reduction rates of 45-50%. 24742996 9 19 from rot 2116:2118 arg1 plums 2123:2127 plums 2123:2127 plums 2123:2127 Overall, the results showed that most of the agents tested in this study had significant antimicrobial activity against M. fructicola and the application of selected antifungal edible coatings is a promising alternative for the control of postharvest brown rot in plums. 24742996 3 20 theme sodium 790:795 arg1 effective 820:828 effective 820:828 effective 820:828 Among them, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate were the most effective while sodium acetate and sodium formate were the least effective. 24742996 3 20 theme sodium 790:795 arg1 acetate 778:784 sodium acetate 771:784 sodium acetate 771:784 Among them, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate were the most effective while sodium acetate and sodium formate were the least effective. 24742996 3 20 theme sodium 790:795 arg1 formate 797:803 sodium formate 790:803 sodium formate 790:803 Among them, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate were the most effective while sodium acetate and sodium formate were the least effective. 24742996 1 21 theme stone 362:366 arg1 fruits 368:373 stone fruits 362:373 stone fruits 362:373 Common food preservative agents were evaluated in in vitro tests for their antifungal activity against Monilinia fructicola, the most economically important pathogen causing postharvest disease of stone fruits. 24742996 1 22 theme Common 165:170 arg1 agents 190:195 Common food preservative agents 165:195 Common food preservative agents 165:195 Common food preservative agents were evaluated in in vitro tests for their antifungal activity against Monilinia fructicola, the most economically important pathogen causing postharvest disease of stone fruits. 24742996 1 23 theme preservative 177:188 arg1 agents 190:195 Common food preservative agents 165:195 Common food preservative agents 165:195 Common food preservative agents were evaluated in in vitro tests for their antifungal activity against Monilinia fructicola, the most economically important pathogen causing postharvest disease of stone fruits. 24742996 2 24 theme incubation 526:535 arg1 days 518:521 7 days 516:521 7 days of incubation at 25 °C. Thirteen out of fifteen agents tested completely inhibited the radial growth of the fungus at various concentrations 516:662 Radial mycelial growth was measured in Petri dishes of PDA amended with three different concentrations of the agents (0.01-0.2%, v/v) after 7 days of incubation at 25 °C. Thirteen out of fifteen agents tested completely inhibited the radial growth of the fungus at various concentrations. 24742996 2 25 theme various 641:647 arg1 concentrations 649:662 various concentrations 641:662 various concentrations 641:662 Radial mycelial growth was measured in Petri dishes of PDA amended with three different concentrations of the agents (0.01-0.2%, v/v) after 7 days of incubation at 25 °C. Thirteen out of fifteen agents tested completely inhibited the radial growth of the fungus at various concentrations. 24742996 7 26 theme brown 1456:1460 arg1 incidence 1466:1474 brown rot incidence 1456:1474 brown rot incidence in plums 1456:1483 Coatings containing bicarbonates and parabens significantly reduced brown rot incidence in plums, but potassium sorbate, used at 1.0% in the coating formulation, was the most effective agent with a reduction rate of 28.6%. 24742996 4 27 theme rot 974:976 arg1 disease 978:984 brown rot disease 968:984 brown rot disease 968:984 The effective agents and concentrations were tested as ingredients of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-lipid edible coatings against brown rot disease on plums previously inoculated with M. fructicola (curative activity). 24742996 2 28 theme fungus 631:636 arg1 growth 617:622 the radial growth 606:622 the radial growth of the fungus 606:636 Radial mycelial growth was measured in Petri dishes of PDA amended with three different concentrations of the agents (0.01-0.2%, v/v) after 7 days of incubation at 25 °C. Thirteen out of fifteen agents tested completely inhibited the radial growth of the fungus at various concentrations. 24742996 9 29 theme postharvest 2098:2108 arg1 rot 2116:2118 postharvest brown rot 2098:2118 postharvest brown rot in plums 2098:2127 Overall, the results showed that most of the agents tested in this study had significant antimicrobial activity against M. fructicola and the application of selected antifungal edible coatings is a promising alternative for the control of postharvest brown rot in plums. 24742996 0 30 theme methylcellulose-lipid 106:126 arg1 coatings 145:152 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-lipid composite edible coatings 92:152 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-lipid composite edible coatings for plums 92:162 Evaluating food additives as antifungal agents against Monilinia fructicola in vitro and in hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-lipid composite edible coatings for plums. 24742996 4 31 theme curative 1037:1044 arg1 fructicola 1025:1034 M. fructicola 1022:1034 M. fructicola (curative activity) 1022:1054 The effective agents and concentrations were tested as ingredients of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-lipid edible coatings against brown rot disease on plums previously inoculated with M. fructicola (curative activity). 24742996 4 31 theme curative 1037:1044 arg1 activity 1046:1053 curative activity 1037:1053 curative activity 1037:1053 The effective agents and concentrations were tested as ingredients of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-lipid edible coatings against brown rot disease on plums previously inoculated with M. fructicola (curative activity). 24742996 2 32 theme Petri 415:419 arg1 dishes 421:426 Petri dishes 415:426 Petri dishes of PDA amended with three different concentrations of the agents (0.01-0.2%, v/v) 415:508 Radial mycelial growth was measured in Petri dishes of PDA amended with three different concentrations of the agents (0.01-0.2%, v/v) after 7 days of incubation at 25 °C. Thirteen out of fifteen agents tested completely inhibited the radial growth of the fungus at various concentrations. 24742996 8 33 theme 0.1 1700:1702 arg1 % 1703:1703 % 1703:1703 % 1703:1703 All the tested coatings reduced disease severity to some extent, but coatings containing 0.1% sodium methylparaben or sodium ethylparaben or 0.2% ammonium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate were superior to the rest, with reduction rates of 45-50%. 24742996 1 34 theme important 312:320 arg1 fructicola 278:287 Monilinia fructicola 268:287 Monilinia fructicola 268:287 Common food preservative agents were evaluated in in vitro tests for their antifungal activity against Monilinia fructicola, the most economically important pathogen causing postharvest disease of stone fruits. 24742996 1 34 theme important 312:320 arg1 pathogen 322:329 the most economically important pathogen 290:329 the most economically important pathogen causing postharvest disease of stone fruits 290:373 Common food preservative agents were evaluated in in vitro tests for their antifungal activity against Monilinia fructicola, the most economically important pathogen causing postharvest disease of stone fruits. 24742996 0 35 theme antifungal 29:38 arg1 additives 16:24 food additives 11:24 food additives 11:24 Evaluating food additives as antifungal agents against Monilinia fructicola in vitro and in hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-lipid composite edible coatings for plums. 24742996 0 35 theme antifungal 29:38 arg1 agents 40:45 antifungal agents 29:45 antifungal agents against Monilinia fructicola in vitro and in hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-lipid composite edible coatings for plums 29:162 Evaluating food additives as antifungal agents against Monilinia fructicola in vitro and in hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-lipid composite edible coatings for plums. 24742996 7 36 from incidence 1466:1474 arg1 plums 1479:1483 plums 1479:1483 plums 1479:1483 Coatings containing bicarbonates and parabens significantly reduced brown rot incidence in plums, but potassium sorbate, used at 1.0% in the coating formulation, was the most effective agent with a reduction rate of 28.6%. 24742996 9 37 theme promising 2057:2065 arg1 application 2001:2011 the application 1997:2011 the application of selected antifungal edible coatings 1997:2050 Overall, the results showed that most of the agents tested in this study had significant antimicrobial activity against M. fructicola and the application of selected antifungal edible coatings is a promising alternative for the control of postharvest brown rot in plums. 24742996 9 37 theme promising 2057:2065 arg1 alternative 2067:2077 a promising alternative 2055:2077 a promising alternative for the control of postharvest brown rot in plums 2055:2127 Overall, the results showed that most of the agents tested in this study had significant antimicrobial activity against M. fructicola and the application of selected antifungal edible coatings is a promising alternative for the control of postharvest brown rot in plums. 24742996 5 38 dep inoculated 1092:1101 arg1 Friar 1058:1062 Friar 1058:1062 Friar 1058:1062 'Friar' and 'Larry Ann' plums were inoculated with the pathogen, coated with stable edible coatings about 24h later, and incubated at 20 °C and 90% RH. 24742996 2 39 theme Radial 376:381 arg1 growth 392:397 Radial mycelial growth 376:397 Radial mycelial growth 376:397 Radial mycelial growth was measured in Petri dishes of PDA amended with three different concentrations of the agents (0.01-0.2%, v/v) after 7 days of incubation at 25 °C. Thirteen out of fifteen agents tested completely inhibited the radial growth of the fungus at various concentrations. 24742996 5 40 theme stable 1134:1139 arg1 coatings 1148:1155 stable edible coatings 1134:1155 stable edible coatings 1134:1155 'Friar' and 'Larry Ann' plums were inoculated with the pathogen, coated with stable edible coatings about 24h later, and incubated at 20 °C and 90% RH. 24742996 8 41 contain containing 1689:1698 arg1 coatings 1680:1687 coatings 1680:1687 coatings containing 0.1% sodium methylparaben or sodium ethylparaben or 0.2% ammonium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate 1680:1798 All the tested coatings reduced disease severity to some extent, but coatings containing 0.1% sodium methylparaben or sodium ethylparaben or 0.2% ammonium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate were superior to the rest, with reduction rates of 45-50%. 24742996 8 41 contain containing 1689:1698 arg2 ethylparaben 1736:1747 sodium ethylparaben 1729:1747 sodium ethylparaben 1729:1747 All the tested coatings reduced disease severity to some extent, but coatings containing 0.1% sodium methylparaben or sodium ethylparaben or 0.2% ammonium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate were superior to the rest, with reduction rates of 45-50%. 24742996 8 41 contain containing 1689:1698 arg2 carbonate 1766:1774 ammonium carbonate 1757:1774 ammonium carbonate 1757:1774 All the tested coatings reduced disease severity to some extent, but coatings containing 0.1% sodium methylparaben or sodium ethylparaben or 0.2% ammonium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate were superior to the rest, with reduction rates of 45-50%. 24742996 8 41 contain containing 1689:1698 arg2 methylparaben 1712:1724 sodium methylparaben 1705:1724 sodium methylparaben 1705:1724 All the tested coatings reduced disease severity to some extent, but coatings containing 0.1% sodium methylparaben or sodium ethylparaben or 0.2% ammonium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate were superior to the rest, with reduction rates of 45-50%. 24742996 1 42 dep in 215:216 arg1 vitro 218:222 vitro 218:222 vitro 218:222 Common food preservative agents were evaluated in in vitro tests for their antifungal activity against Monilinia fructicola, the most economically important pathogen causing postharvest disease of stone fruits. 24742996 6 43 theme incubation 1304:1313 arg1 days 1296:1299 4, 6, and 8 days 1284:1299 4, 6, and 8 days of incubation 1284:1313 Disease incidence (%) and severity (lesion diameter) were determined after 4, 6, and 8 days of incubation and the 'area under the disease progress stairs' (AUDPS) was calculated. 24742996 2 44 from °C. 543:545 arg1 days 518:521 7 days 516:521 7 days of incubation at 25 °C. Thirteen out of fifteen agents tested completely inhibited the radial growth of the fungus at various concentrations 516:662 Radial mycelial growth was measured in Petri dishes of PDA amended with three different concentrations of the agents (0.01-0.2%, v/v) after 7 days of incubation at 25 °C. Thirteen out of fifteen agents tested completely inhibited the radial growth of the fungus at various concentrations. 24742996 2 44 from °C. 543:545 arg1 incubation 526:535 incubation 526:535 incubation at 25 °C. Thirteen out of fifteen agents tested completely inhibited the radial growth of the fungus at various concentrations 526:662 Radial mycelial growth was measured in Petri dishes of PDA amended with three different concentrations of the agents (0.01-0.2%, v/v) after 7 days of incubation at 25 °C. Thirteen out of fifteen agents tested completely inhibited the radial growth of the fungus at various concentrations. 24742996 3 45 theme ammonium 697:704 arg1 effective 755:763 effective 755:763 effective 755:763 Among them, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate were the most effective while sodium acetate and sodium formate were the least effective. 24742996 3 45 theme ammonium 697:704 arg1 carbonate 686:694 ammonium carbonate 677:694 ammonium carbonate 677:694 Among them, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate were the most effective while sodium acetate and sodium formate were the least effective. 24742996 3 45 theme ammonium 697:704 arg1 bicarbonate 706:716 ammonium bicarbonate 697:716 ammonium bicarbonate 697:716 Among them, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate were the most effective while sodium acetate and sodium formate were the least effective. 24742996 3 45 theme ammonium 697:704 arg1 bicarbonate 729:739 sodium bicarbonate 722:739 sodium bicarbonate 722:739 Among them, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate were the most effective while sodium acetate and sodium formate were the least effective. 24742996 8 46 theme sodium 1705:1710 arg1 methylparaben 1712:1724 sodium methylparaben 1705:1724 sodium methylparaben 1705:1724 All the tested coatings reduced disease severity to some extent, but coatings containing 0.1% sodium methylparaben or sodium ethylparaben or 0.2% ammonium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate were superior to the rest, with reduction rates of 45-50%. 24742996 9 47 theme antimicrobial 1948:1960 arg1 activity 1962:1969 significant antimicrobial activity 1936:1969 significant antimicrobial activity against M. fructicola 1936:1991 Overall, the results showed that most of the agents tested in this study had significant antimicrobial activity against M. fructicola and the application of selected antifungal edible coatings is a promising alternative for the control of postharvest brown rot in plums. 24742996 6 48 theme disease 1339:1345 arg1 stairs 1356:1361 the disease progress stairs 1335:1361 the disease progress stairs' (AUDPS) 1335:1370 Disease incidence (%) and severity (lesion diameter) were determined after 4, 6, and 8 days of incubation and the 'area under the disease progress stairs' (AUDPS) was calculated. 24742996 6 48 theme disease 1339:1345 arg1 AUDPS 1365:1369 AUDPS 1365:1369 AUDPS 1365:1369 Disease incidence (%) and severity (lesion diameter) were determined after 4, 6, and 8 days of incubation and the 'area under the disease progress stairs' (AUDPS) was calculated. 24742996 6 49 theme Disease 1209:1215 arg1 % 1228:1228 % 1228:1228 % 1228:1228 Disease incidence (%) and severity (lesion diameter) were determined after 4, 6, and 8 days of incubation and the 'area under the disease progress stairs' (AUDPS) was calculated. 24742996 6 49 theme Disease 1209:1215 arg1 incidence 1217:1225 Disease incidence 1209:1225 Disease incidence (%) 1209:1229 Disease incidence (%) and severity (lesion diameter) were determined after 4, 6, and 8 days of incubation and the 'area under the disease progress stairs' (AUDPS) was calculated. 24742996 4 50 theme effective 835:843 arg1 concentrations 856:869 concentrations 856:869 concentrations 856:869 The effective agents and concentrations were tested as ingredients of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-lipid edible coatings against brown rot disease on plums previously inoculated with M. fructicola (curative activity). 24742996 4 50 theme effective 835:843 arg1 agents 845:850 The effective agents 831:850 The effective agents 831:850 The effective agents and concentrations were tested as ingredients of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-lipid edible coatings against brown rot disease on plums previously inoculated with M. fructicola (curative activity). 24742996 4 50 theme effective 835:843 arg1 ingredients 886:896 ingredients 886:896 ingredients of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-lipid edible coatings against brown rot disease 886:984 The effective agents and concentrations were tested as ingredients of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-lipid edible coatings against brown rot disease on plums previously inoculated with M. fructicola (curative activity). 24742996 9 51 contain had 1932:1934 arg1 most 1892:1895 most 1892:1895 most 1892:1895 Overall, the results showed that most of the agents tested in this study had significant antimicrobial activity against M. fructicola and the application of selected antifungal edible coatings is a promising alternative for the control of postharvest brown rot in plums. 24742996 9 51 contain had 1932:1934 arg1 agents 1904:1909 the agents 1900:1909 the agents tested in this study 1900:1930 Overall, the results showed that most of the agents tested in this study had significant antimicrobial activity against M. fructicola and the application of selected antifungal edible coatings is a promising alternative for the control of postharvest brown rot in plums. 24742996 9 51 contain had 1932:1934 arg2 activity 1962:1969 significant antimicrobial activity 1936:1969 significant antimicrobial activity against M. fructicola 1936:1991 Overall, the results showed that most of the agents tested in this study had significant antimicrobial activity against M. fructicola and the application of selected antifungal edible coatings is a promising alternative for the control of postharvest brown rot in plums. 24742996 8 52 theme 0.2 1752:1754 arg1 % 1755:1755 % 1755:1755 % 1755:1755 All the tested coatings reduced disease severity to some extent, but coatings containing 0.1% sodium methylparaben or sodium ethylparaben or 0.2% ammonium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate were superior to the rest, with reduction rates of 45-50%. 24742996 7 53 contain containing 1397:1406 arg1 Coatings 1388:1395 Coatings 1388:1395 Coatings containing bicarbonates and parabens 1388:1432 Coatings containing bicarbonates and parabens significantly reduced brown rot incidence in plums, but potassium sorbate, used at 1.0% in the coating formulation, was the most effective agent with a reduction rate of 28.6%. 24742996 7 53 contain containing 1397:1406 arg2 parabens 1425:1432 parabens 1425:1432 parabens 1425:1432 Coatings containing bicarbonates and parabens significantly reduced brown rot incidence in plums, but potassium sorbate, used at 1.0% in the coating formulation, was the most effective agent with a reduction rate of 28.6%. 24742996 7 53 contain containing 1397:1406 arg2 bicarbonates 1408:1419 bicarbonates 1408:1419 bicarbonates 1408:1419 Coatings containing bicarbonates and parabens significantly reduced brown rot incidence in plums, but potassium sorbate, used at 1.0% in the coating formulation, was the most effective agent with a reduction rate of 28.6%. 24742996 2 54 theme radial 610:615 arg1 growth 617:622 the radial growth 606:622 the radial growth of the fungus 606:636 Radial mycelial growth was measured in Petri dishes of PDA amended with three different concentrations of the agents (0.01-0.2%, v/v) after 7 days of incubation at 25 °C. Thirteen out of fifteen agents tested completely inhibited the radial growth of the fungus at various concentrations. 24742996 5 55 dep % 1203:1203 arg1 °C 1194:1195 °C 1194:1195 °C 1194:1195 'Friar' and 'Larry Ann' plums were inoculated with the pathogen, coated with stable edible coatings about 24h later, and incubated at 20 °C and 90% RH. 24742996 5 55 dep % 1203:1203 arg1 90 1201:1202 90 1201:1202 90 1201:1202 'Friar' and 'Larry Ann' plums were inoculated with the pathogen, coated with stable edible coatings about 24h later, and incubated at 20 °C and 90% RH. 24742996 8 56 theme ammonium 1757:1764 arg1 carbonate 1766:1774 ammonium carbonate 1757:1774 ammonium carbonate 1757:1774 All the tested coatings reduced disease severity to some extent, but coatings containing 0.1% sodium methylparaben or sodium ethylparaben or 0.2% ammonium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate were superior to the rest, with reduction rates of 45-50%. 24742996 1 57 theme in 215:216 arg1 tests 224:228 in vitro tests 215:228 in vitro tests for their antifungal activity against Monilinia fructicola, the most economically important pathogen causing postharvest disease of stone fruits 215:373 Common food preservative agents were evaluated in in vitro tests for their antifungal activity against Monilinia fructicola, the most economically important pathogen causing postharvest disease of stone fruits. 24742996 4 58 theme -lipid 937:942 arg1 coatings 951:958 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-lipid edible coatings 901:958 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-lipid edible coatings against brown rot disease 901:984 The effective agents and concentrations were tested as ingredients of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-lipid edible coatings against brown rot disease on plums previously inoculated with M. fructicola (curative activity). 24742996 0 59 theme hydroxypropyl 92:104 arg1 coatings 145:152 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-lipid composite edible coatings 92:152 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-lipid composite edible coatings for plums 92:162 Evaluating food additives as antifungal agents against Monilinia fructicola in vitro and in hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-lipid composite edible coatings for plums. 24742996 6 60 theme lesion 1245:1250 arg1 severity 1235:1242 severity 1235:1242 severity (lesion diameter) 1235:1260 Disease incidence (%) and severity (lesion diameter) were determined after 4, 6, and 8 days of incubation and the 'area under the disease progress stairs' (AUDPS) was calculated. 24742996 6 60 theme lesion 1245:1250 arg1 diameter 1252:1259 lesion diameter 1245:1259 lesion diameter 1245:1259 Disease incidence (%) and severity (lesion diameter) were determined after 4, 6, and 8 days of incubation and the 'area under the disease progress stairs' (AUDPS) was calculated. 24742996 7 61 theme potassium 1490:1498 arg1 agent 1573:1577 the most effective agent 1554:1577 the most effective agent with a reduction rate of 28.6% 1554:1608 Coatings containing bicarbonates and parabens significantly reduced brown rot incidence in plums, but potassium sorbate, used at 1.0% in the coating formulation, was the most effective agent with a reduction rate of 28.6%. 24742996 7 61 theme potassium 1490:1498 arg1 sorbate 1500:1506 potassium sorbate 1490:1506 potassium sorbate 1490:1506 Coatings containing bicarbonates and parabens significantly reduced brown rot incidence in plums, but potassium sorbate, used at 1.0% in the coating formulation, was the most effective agent with a reduction rate of 28.6%. 24742996 9 62 from control 2087:2093 arg1 plums 2123:2127 plums 2123:2127 plums 2123:2127 Overall, the results showed that most of the agents tested in this study had significant antimicrobial activity against M. fructicola and the application of selected antifungal edible coatings is a promising alternative for the control of postharvest brown rot in plums. 24742996 2 63 from days 518:521 arg1 °C. 543:545 °C. 543:545 °C. 543:545 Radial mycelial growth was measured in Petri dishes of PDA amended with three different concentrations of the agents (0.01-0.2%, v/v) after 7 days of incubation at 25 °C. Thirteen out of fifteen agents tested completely inhibited the radial growth of the fungus at various concentrations. 24742996 9 64 theme coatings 2043:2050 arg1 application 2001:2011 the application 1997:2011 the application of selected antifungal edible coatings 1997:2050 Overall, the results showed that most of the agents tested in this study had significant antimicrobial activity against M. fructicola and the application of selected antifungal edible coatings is a promising alternative for the control of postharvest brown rot in plums. 24742996 9 64 theme coatings 2043:2050 arg1 alternative 2067:2077 a promising alternative 2055:2077 a promising alternative for the control of postharvest brown rot in plums 2055:2127 Overall, the results showed that most of the agents tested in this study had significant antimicrobial activity against M. fructicola and the application of selected antifungal edible coatings is a promising alternative for the control of postharvest brown rot in plums. 24742996 7 65 theme % 1608:1608 arg1 rate 1596:1599 a reduction rate 1584:1599 a reduction rate of 28.6% 1584:1608 Coatings containing bicarbonates and parabens significantly reduced brown rot incidence in plums, but potassium sorbate, used at 1.0% in the coating formulation, was the most effective agent with a reduction rate of 28.6%. 24742996 9 66 from plums 2123:2127 arg1 control 2087:2093 the control 2083:2093 the control of postharvest brown rot in plums 2083:2127 Overall, the results showed that most of the agents tested in this study had significant antimicrobial activity against M. fructicola and the application of selected antifungal edible coatings is a promising alternative for the control of postharvest brown rot in plums. 24742996 7 67 with agent 1573:1577 arg1 rate 1596:1599 a reduction rate 1584:1599 a reduction rate of 28.6% 1584:1608 Coatings containing bicarbonates and parabens significantly reduced brown rot incidence in plums, but potassium sorbate, used at 1.0% in the coating formulation, was the most effective agent with a reduction rate of 28.6%. 24742996 8 68 with superior 1805:1812 arg1 rates 1842:1846 reduction rates 1832:1846 reduction rates of 45-50% 1832:1856 All the tested coatings reduced disease severity to some extent, but coatings containing 0.1% sodium methylparaben or sodium ethylparaben or 0.2% ammonium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate were superior to the rest, with reduction rates of 45-50%. 24742996 1 69 theme fruits 368:373 arg1 disease 351:357 postharvest disease 339:357 postharvest disease of stone fruits 339:373 Common food preservative agents were evaluated in in vitro tests for their antifungal activity against Monilinia fructicola, the most economically important pathogen causing postharvest disease of stone fruits. 24742996 8 70 theme disease 1643:1649 arg1 severity 1651:1658 disease severity 1643:1658 disease severity 1643:1658 All the tested coatings reduced disease severity to some extent, but coatings containing 0.1% sodium methylparaben or sodium ethylparaben or 0.2% ammonium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate were superior to the rest, with reduction rates of 45-50%. 24742996 1 71 theme food 172:175 arg1 agents 190:195 Common food preservative agents 165:195 Common food preservative agents 165:195 Common food preservative agents were evaluated in in vitro tests for their antifungal activity against Monilinia fructicola, the most economically important pathogen causing postharvest disease of stone fruits. 24742996 7 72 theme reduction 1586:1594 arg1 rate 1596:1599 a reduction rate 1584:1599 a reduction rate of 28.6% 1584:1608 Coatings containing bicarbonates and parabens significantly reduced brown rot incidence in plums, but potassium sorbate, used at 1.0% in the coating formulation, was the most effective agent with a reduction rate of 28.6%. 24742996 7 73 theme rot 1462:1464 arg1 incidence 1466:1474 brown rot incidence 1456:1474 brown rot incidence in plums 1456:1483 Coatings containing bicarbonates and parabens significantly reduced brown rot incidence in plums, but potassium sorbate, used at 1.0% in the coating formulation, was the most effective agent with a reduction rate of 28.6%. 24742996 8 74 theme % 1755:1755 arg1 carbonate 1766:1774 ammonium carbonate 1757:1774 ammonium carbonate 1757:1774 All the tested coatings reduced disease severity to some extent, but coatings containing 0.1% sodium methylparaben or sodium ethylparaben or 0.2% ammonium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate were superior to the rest, with reduction rates of 45-50%. 24742996 8 75 theme reduction 1832:1840 arg1 rates 1842:1846 reduction rates 1832:1846 reduction rates of 45-50% 1832:1856 All the tested coatings reduced disease severity to some extent, but coatings containing 0.1% sodium methylparaben or sodium ethylparaben or 0.2% ammonium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate were superior to the rest, with reduction rates of 45-50%. 24742996 2 76 dep % 502:502 arg1 v/v 505:507 v/v 505:507 v/v 505:507 Radial mycelial growth was measured in Petri dishes of PDA amended with three different concentrations of the agents (0.01-0.2%, v/v) after 7 days of incubation at 25 °C. Thirteen out of fifteen agents tested completely inhibited the radial growth of the fungus at various concentrations. 24742996 4 77 theme coatings 951:958 arg1 concentrations 856:869 concentrations 856:869 concentrations 856:869 The effective agents and concentrations were tested as ingredients of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-lipid edible coatings against brown rot disease on plums previously inoculated with M. fructicola (curative activity). 24742996 4 77 theme coatings 951:958 arg1 agents 845:850 The effective agents 831:850 The effective agents 831:850 The effective agents and concentrations were tested as ingredients of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-lipid edible coatings against brown rot disease on plums previously inoculated with M. fructicola (curative activity). 24742996 4 77 theme coatings 951:958 arg1 ingredients 886:896 ingredients 886:896 ingredients of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-lipid edible coatings against brown rot disease 886:984 The effective agents and concentrations were tested as ingredients of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-lipid edible coatings against brown rot disease on plums previously inoculated with M. fructicola (curative activity). 24742996 0 78 theme composite 128:136 arg1 coatings 145:152 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-lipid composite edible coatings 92:152 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-lipid composite edible coatings for plums 92:162 Evaluating food additives as antifungal agents against Monilinia fructicola in vitro and in hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-lipid composite edible coatings for plums. 24742996 7 79 theme effective 1563:1571 arg1 agent 1573:1577 the most effective agent 1554:1577 the most effective agent with a reduction rate of 28.6% 1554:1608 Coatings containing bicarbonates and parabens significantly reduced brown rot incidence in plums, but potassium sorbate, used at 1.0% in the coating formulation, was the most effective agent with a reduction rate of 28.6%. 24742996 7 79 theme effective 1563:1571 arg1 sorbate 1500:1506 potassium sorbate 1490:1506 potassium sorbate 1490:1506 Coatings containing bicarbonates and parabens significantly reduced brown rot incidence in plums, but potassium sorbate, used at 1.0% in the coating formulation, was the most effective agent with a reduction rate of 28.6%. 24742996 4 80 theme brown 968:972 arg1 disease 978:984 brown rot disease 968:984 brown rot disease 968:984 The effective agents and concentrations were tested as ingredients of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-lipid edible coatings against brown rot disease on plums previously inoculated with M. fructicola (curative activity). 24742996 0 81 from agents 40:45 arg1 coatings 145:152 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-lipid composite edible coatings 92:152 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-lipid composite edible coatings for plums 92:162 Evaluating food additives as antifungal agents against Monilinia fructicola in vitro and in hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-lipid composite edible coatings for plums. 24742996 9 82 theme brown 2110:2114 arg1 rot 2116:2118 postharvest brown rot 2098:2118 postharvest brown rot in plums 2098:2127 Overall, the results showed that most of the agents tested in this study had significant antimicrobial activity against M. fructicola and the application of selected antifungal edible coatings is a promising alternative for the control of postharvest brown rot in plums. 24742996 0 83 theme food 11:14 arg1 additives 16:24 food additives 11:24 food additives 11:24 Evaluating food additives as antifungal agents against Monilinia fructicola in vitro and in hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-lipid composite edible coatings for plums. 24742996 0 83 theme food 11:14 arg1 agents 40:45 antifungal agents 29:45 antifungal agents against Monilinia fructicola in vitro and in hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-lipid composite edible coatings for plums 29:162 Evaluating food additives as antifungal agents against Monilinia fructicola in vitro and in hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-lipid composite edible coatings for plums. 24742996 7 84 from % 1520:1520 arg1 formulation 1537:1547 the coating formulation 1525:1547 the coating formulation 1525:1547 Coatings containing bicarbonates and parabens significantly reduced brown rot incidence in plums, but potassium sorbate, used at 1.0% in the coating formulation, was the most effective agent with a reduction rate of 28.6%. 24742996 2 85 theme different 454:462 arg1 concentrations 464:477 three different concentrations 448:477 three different concentrations of the agents (0.01-0.2%, v/v) 448:508 Radial mycelial growth was measured in Petri dishes of PDA amended with three different concentrations of the agents (0.01-0.2%, v/v) after 7 days of incubation at 25 °C. Thirteen out of fifteen agents tested completely inhibited the radial growth of the fungus at various concentrations. 24742996 2 85 theme different 454:462 arg1 % 502:502 0.01-0.2% 494:502 0.01-0.2% 494:502 Radial mycelial growth was measured in Petri dishes of PDA amended with three different concentrations of the agents (0.01-0.2%, v/v) after 7 days of incubation at 25 °C. Thirteen out of fifteen agents tested completely inhibited the radial growth of the fungus at various concentrations. 24742996 7 86 theme coating 1529:1535 arg1 formulation 1537:1547 the coating formulation 1525:1547 the coating formulation 1525:1547 Coatings containing bicarbonates and parabens significantly reduced brown rot incidence in plums, but potassium sorbate, used at 1.0% in the coating formulation, was the most effective agent with a reduction rate of 28.6%. 24742996 2 87 theme PDA 431:433 arg1 dishes 421:426 Petri dishes 415:426 Petri dishes of PDA amended with three different concentrations of the agents (0.01-0.2%, v/v) 415:508 Radial mycelial growth was measured in Petri dishes of PDA amended with three different concentrations of the agents (0.01-0.2%, v/v) after 7 days of incubation at 25 °C. Thirteen out of fifteen agents tested completely inhibited the radial growth of the fungus at various concentrations. 24742996 0 88 theme Monilinia 55:63 arg1 fructicola 65:74 Monilinia fructicola 55:74 Monilinia fructicola in vitro 55:83 Evaluating food additives as antifungal agents against Monilinia fructicola in vitro and in hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-lipid composite edible coatings for plums. 24742996 1 89 theme postharvest 339:349 arg1 disease 351:357 postharvest disease 339:357 postharvest disease of stone fruits 339:373 Common food preservative agents were evaluated in in vitro tests for their antifungal activity against Monilinia fructicola, the most economically important pathogen causing postharvest disease of stone fruits. 24742996 2 90 theme agents 486:491 arg1 concentrations 464:477 three different concentrations 448:477 three different concentrations of the agents (0.01-0.2%, v/v) 448:508 Radial mycelial growth was measured in Petri dishes of PDA amended with three different concentrations of the agents (0.01-0.2%, v/v) after 7 days of incubation at 25 °C. Thirteen out of fifteen agents tested completely inhibited the radial growth of the fungus at various concentrations. 24742996 2 90 theme agents 486:491 arg1 % 502:502 0.01-0.2% 494:502 0.01-0.2% 494:502 Radial mycelial growth was measured in Petri dishes of PDA amended with three different concentrations of the agents (0.01-0.2%, v/v) after 7 days of incubation at 25 °C. Thirteen out of fifteen agents tested completely inhibited the radial growth of the fungus at various concentrations. 24742996 5 91 theme edible 1141:1146 arg1 coatings 1148:1155 stable edible coatings 1134:1155 stable edible coatings 1134:1155 'Friar' and 'Larry Ann' plums were inoculated with the pathogen, coated with stable edible coatings about 24h later, and incubated at 20 °C and 90% RH. 24742996 1 92 theme antifungal 240:249 arg1 activity 251:258 their antifungal activity 234:258 their antifungal activity against Monilinia fructicola, the most economically important pathogen causing postharvest disease of stone fruits 234:373 Common food preservative agents were evaluated in in vitro tests for their antifungal activity against Monilinia fructicola, the most economically important pathogen causing postharvest disease of stone fruits. 24742996 8 93 theme % 1856:1856 arg1 rates 1842:1846 reduction rates 1832:1846 reduction rates of 45-50% 1832:1856 All the tested coatings reduced disease severity to some extent, but coatings containing 0.1% sodium methylparaben or sodium ethylparaben or 0.2% ammonium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate were superior to the rest, with reduction rates of 45-50%. 24742996 9 94 theme antifungal 2025:2034 arg1 coatings 2043:2050 selected antifungal edible coatings 2016:2050 selected antifungal edible coatings 2016:2050 Overall, the results showed that most of the agents tested in this study had significant antimicrobial activity against M. fructicola and the application of selected antifungal edible coatings is a promising alternative for the control of postharvest brown rot in plums. 27516300 4 0 theme composite 547:555 arg1 material 557:564 composite material 547:564 composite material 547:564 To maximize removal efficiency of composite material, effect of pH (4-12), time (0-80min), Fe3O4©-GO dosage (2-10mg), initial dye concentration (2-30μgmL̄ (1)) and temperature (303, 313, and 323K) were studied. 27516300 3 1 theme anionic 472:478 arg1 dyes 480:483 toxic cationic and anionic dyes 453:483 toxic cationic and anionic dyes 453:483 Batch adsorption experiments were performed to remove toxic cationic and anionic dyes from industrial wastewater. 27516300 0 2 theme cationic 74:81 arg1 dyes 95:98 cationic and anionic dyes 74:98 cationic and anionic dyes 74:98 Functionalization of magnetic chitosan with graphene oxide for removal of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solution. 27516300 2 3 theme material 340:347 arg1 properties 314:323 Different properties 304:323 Different properties of synthesized material 304:347 Different properties of synthesized material were investigated by SEM, XRD, FTIR, TGA and EDX. 27516300 4 4 theme material 557:564 arg1 efficiency 533:542 removal efficiency 525:542 removal efficiency of composite material 525:564 To maximize removal efficiency of composite material, effect of pH (4-12), time (0-80min), Fe3O4©-GO dosage (2-10mg), initial dye concentration (2-30μgmL̄ (1)) and temperature (303, 313, and 323K) were studied. 27516300 0 5 theme dyes 95:98 arg1 removal 63:69 removal 63:69 removal of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solution 63:120 Functionalization of magnetic chitosan with graphene oxide for removal of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solution. 27516300 5 6 theme adsorption 769:778 arg1 kinetics 780:787 relatively fast adsorption kinetics 753:787 relatively fast adsorption kinetics 753:787 The uptake of dyes presented relatively fast adsorption kinetics with pseudo-second-order equation as the best fitting model. 27516300 6 7 theme dye 883:885 arg1 interaction 868:878 the interaction 864:878 the interaction of dye with adsorbent 864:900 To understand the interaction of dye with adsorbent, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm were applied. 27516300 0 8 theme anionic 87:93 arg1 dyes 95:98 cationic and anionic dyes 74:98 cationic and anionic dyes 74:98 Functionalization of magnetic chitosan with graphene oxide for removal of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solution. 27516300 7 9 theme free 1015:1018 arg1 ΔG 1028:1029 ΔG(0) 1028:1032 ΔG(0) 1028:1032 Thermodynamic studies were conducted to calculate the changes in free energy (ΔG(0)), enthalpy (ΔH(0)) and entropy (ΔS(0)). 27516300 7 9 theme free 1015:1018 arg1 energy 1020:1025 free energy 1015:1025 free energy (ΔG(0)) 1015:1033 Thermodynamic studies were conducted to calculate the changes in free energy (ΔG(0)), enthalpy (ΔH(0)) and entropy (ΔS(0)). 27516300 8 10 theme strength 1131:1138 arg1 influence 1112:1120 the influence 1108:1120 the influence of ionic strength, recycling as well as investigations based on percent recoveries from spiked real water samples 1108:1234 In view of practical application, the influence of ionic strength, recycling as well as investigations based on percent recoveries from spiked real water samples were also taken into account. 27516300 3 11 theme toxic 453:457 arg1 dyes 480:483 toxic cationic and anionic dyes 453:483 toxic cationic and anionic dyes 453:483 Batch adsorption experiments were performed to remove toxic cationic and anionic dyes from industrial wastewater. 27516300 0 12 theme aqueous 105:111 arg1 solution 113:120 aqueous solution 105:120 aqueous solution 105:120 Functionalization of magnetic chitosan with graphene oxide for removal of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solution. 27516300 3 13 theme cationic 459:466 arg1 dyes 480:483 toxic cationic and anionic dyes 453:483 toxic cationic and anionic dyes 453:483 Batch adsorption experiments were performed to remove toxic cationic and anionic dyes from industrial wastewater. 27516300 6 14 with interaction 868:878 arg1 adsorbent 892:900 adsorbent 892:900 adsorbent 892:900 To understand the interaction of dye with adsorbent, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm were applied. 27516300 3 15 theme Batch 399:403 arg1 experiments 416:426 Batch adsorption experiments 399:426 Batch adsorption experiments 399:426 Batch adsorption experiments were performed to remove toxic cationic and anionic dyes from industrial wastewater. 27516300 4 16 theme temperature 677:687 arg1 effect 567:572 effect 567:572 effect of pH (4-12), time (0-80min), Fe3O4©-GO dosage (2-10mg), initial dye concentration (2-30μgmL̄ (1)) and temperature (303, 313, and 323K) 567:708 To maximize removal efficiency of composite material, effect of pH (4-12), time (0-80min), Fe3O4©-GO dosage (2-10mg), initial dye concentration (2-30μgmL̄ (1)) and temperature (303, 313, and 323K) were studied. 27516300 3 17 theme adsorption 405:414 arg1 experiments 416:426 Batch adsorption experiments 399:426 Batch adsorption experiments 399:426 Batch adsorption experiments were performed to remove toxic cationic and anionic dyes from industrial wastewater. 27516300 4 18 dep temperature 677:687 arg1 313 695:697 313 695:697 313 695:697 To maximize removal efficiency of composite material, effect of pH (4-12), time (0-80min), Fe3O4©-GO dosage (2-10mg), initial dye concentration (2-30μgmL̄ (1)) and temperature (303, 313, and 323K) were studied. 27516300 4 18 dep temperature 677:687 arg1 323K 704:707 323K 704:707 323K 704:707 To maximize removal efficiency of composite material, effect of pH (4-12), time (0-80min), Fe3O4©-GO dosage (2-10mg), initial dye concentration (2-30μgmL̄ (1)) and temperature (303, 313, and 323K) were studied. 27516300 4 19 theme dosage 614:619 arg1 effect 567:572 effect 567:572 effect of pH (4-12), time (0-80min), Fe3O4©-GO dosage (2-10mg), initial dye concentration (2-30μgmL̄ (1)) and temperature (303, 313, and 323K) 567:708 To maximize removal efficiency of composite material, effect of pH (4-12), time (0-80min), Fe3O4©-GO dosage (2-10mg), initial dye concentration (2-30μgmL̄ (1)) and temperature (303, 313, and 323K) were studied. 27516300 4 20 theme concentration 643:655 arg1 effect 567:572 effect 567:572 effect of pH (4-12), time (0-80min), Fe3O4©-GO dosage (2-10mg), initial dye concentration (2-30μgmL̄ (1)) and temperature (303, 313, and 323K) 567:708 To maximize removal efficiency of composite material, effect of pH (4-12), time (0-80min), Fe3O4©-GO dosage (2-10mg), initial dye concentration (2-30μgmL̄ (1)) and temperature (303, 313, and 323K) were studied. 27516300 5 21 theme fitting 835:841 arg1 model 843:847 the best fitting model 826:847 the best fitting model 826:847 The uptake of dyes presented relatively fast adsorption kinetics with pseudo-second-order equation as the best fitting model. 27516300 8 22 from samples 1228:1234 arg1 recoveries 1194:1203 percent recoveries 1186:1203 percent recoveries from spiked real water samples 1186:1234 In view of practical application, the influence of ionic strength, recycling as well as investigations based on percent recoveries from spiked real water samples were also taken into account. 27516300 4 23 theme Fe3O4©-GO 604:612 arg1 2-10mg 622:627 2-10mg 622:627 2-10mg 622:627 To maximize removal efficiency of composite material, effect of pH (4-12), time (0-80min), Fe3O4©-GO dosage (2-10mg), initial dye concentration (2-30μgmL̄ (1)) and temperature (303, 313, and 323K) were studied. 27516300 4 23 theme Fe3O4©-GO 604:612 arg1 dosage 614:619 Fe3O4©-GO dosage 604:619 Fe3O4©-GO dosage (2-10mg) 604:628 To maximize removal efficiency of composite material, effect of pH (4-12), time (0-80min), Fe3O4©-GO dosage (2-10mg), initial dye concentration (2-30μgmL̄ (1)) and temperature (303, 313, and 323K) were studied. 27516300 0 24 theme chitosan 30:37 arg1 Functionalization 0:16 Functionalization 0:16 Functionalization of magnetic chitosan with graphene oxide for removal of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solution. 0:121 Functionalization of magnetic chitosan with graphene oxide for removal of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solution. 27516300 1 25 theme chitosan-graphene 257:273 arg1 Fe3O4©-GO 292:300 Fe3O4©-GO 292:300 Fe3O4©-GO 292:300 In the present study, we decorated chitosan (©) with Fe3O4 nanoparticles followed by cross-linking with GO to prepare Fe3O4 supported chitosan-graphene oxide composite (Fe3O4©-GO). 27516300 1 25 theme chitosan-graphene 257:273 arg1 composite 281:289 chitosan-graphene oxide composite 257:289 chitosan-graphene oxide composite (Fe3O4©-GO) 257:301 In the present study, we decorated chitosan (©) with Fe3O4 nanoparticles followed by cross-linking with GO to prepare Fe3O4 supported chitosan-graphene oxide composite (Fe3O4©-GO). 27516300 4 26 theme time 588:591 arg1 effect 567:572 effect 567:572 effect of pH (4-12), time (0-80min), Fe3O4©-GO dosage (2-10mg), initial dye concentration (2-30μgmL̄ (1)) and temperature (303, 313, and 323K) 567:708 To maximize removal efficiency of composite material, effect of pH (4-12), time (0-80min), Fe3O4©-GO dosage (2-10mg), initial dye concentration (2-30μgmL̄ (1)) and temperature (303, 313, and 323K) were studied. 27516300 0 27 theme magnetic 21:28 arg1 chitosan 30:37 magnetic chitosan 21:37 magnetic chitosan 21:37 Functionalization of magnetic chitosan with graphene oxide for removal of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solution. 27516300 1 28 theme oxide 275:279 arg1 Fe3O4©-GO 292:300 Fe3O4©-GO 292:300 Fe3O4©-GO 292:300 In the present study, we decorated chitosan (©) with Fe3O4 nanoparticles followed by cross-linking with GO to prepare Fe3O4 supported chitosan-graphene oxide composite (Fe3O4©-GO). 27516300 1 28 theme oxide 275:279 arg1 composite 281:289 chitosan-graphene oxide composite 257:289 chitosan-graphene oxide composite (Fe3O4©-GO) 257:301 In the present study, we decorated chitosan (©) with Fe3O4 nanoparticles followed by cross-linking with GO to prepare Fe3O4 supported chitosan-graphene oxide composite (Fe3O4©-GO). 27516300 8 29 theme investigations 1162:1175 arg1 influence 1112:1120 the influence 1108:1120 the influence of ionic strength, recycling as well as investigations based on percent recoveries from spiked real water samples 1108:1234 In view of practical application, the influence of ionic strength, recycling as well as investigations based on percent recoveries from spiked real water samples were also taken into account. 27516300 5 30 theme fast 764:767 arg1 kinetics 780:787 relatively fast adsorption kinetics 753:787 relatively fast adsorption kinetics 753:787 The uptake of dyes presented relatively fast adsorption kinetics with pseudo-second-order equation as the best fitting model. 27516300 0 31 theme graphene 44:51 arg1 oxide 53:57 graphene oxide 44:57 graphene oxide for removal of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solution 44:120 Functionalization of magnetic chitosan with graphene oxide for removal of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solution. 27516300 7 32 from changes 1004:1010 arg1 ΔS 1066:1067 ΔS(0) 1066:1070 ΔS(0) 1066:1070 Thermodynamic studies were conducted to calculate the changes in free energy (ΔG(0)), enthalpy (ΔH(0)) and entropy (ΔS(0)). 27516300 7 32 from changes 1004:1010 arg1 energy 1020:1025 free energy 1015:1025 free energy (ΔG(0)) 1015:1033 Thermodynamic studies were conducted to calculate the changes in free energy (ΔG(0)), enthalpy (ΔH(0)) and entropy (ΔS(0)). 27516300 7 32 from changes 1004:1010 arg1 enthalpy 1036:1043 enthalpy 1036:1043 enthalpy (ΔH(0)) 1036:1051 Thermodynamic studies were conducted to calculate the changes in free energy (ΔG(0)), enthalpy (ΔH(0)) and entropy (ΔS(0)). 27516300 7 32 from changes 1004:1010 arg1 ΔG 1028:1029 ΔG(0) 1028:1032 ΔG(0) 1028:1032 Thermodynamic studies were conducted to calculate the changes in free energy (ΔG(0)), enthalpy (ΔH(0)) and entropy (ΔS(0)). 27516300 7 32 from changes 1004:1010 arg1 entropy 1057:1063 entropy 1057:1063 entropy (ΔS(0)) 1057:1071 Thermodynamic studies were conducted to calculate the changes in free energy (ΔG(0)), enthalpy (ΔH(0)) and entropy (ΔS(0)). 27516300 7 32 from changes 1004:1010 arg1 ΔH 1046:1047 ΔH(0) 1046:1050 ΔH(0) 1046:1050 Thermodynamic studies were conducted to calculate the changes in free energy (ΔG(0)), enthalpy (ΔH(0)) and entropy (ΔS(0)). 27516300 7 33 theme Thermodynamic 950:962 arg1 studies 964:970 Thermodynamic studies 950:970 Thermodynamic studies 950:970 Thermodynamic studies were conducted to calculate the changes in free energy (ΔG(0)), enthalpy (ΔH(0)) and entropy (ΔS(0)). 27516300 8 34 theme percent 1186:1192 arg1 recoveries 1194:1203 percent recoveries 1186:1203 percent recoveries from spiked real water samples 1186:1234 In view of practical application, the influence of ionic strength, recycling as well as investigations based on percent recoveries from spiked real water samples were also taken into account. 27516300 1 35 theme Fe3O4 176:180 arg1 nanoparticles 182:194 Fe3O4 nanoparticles 176:194 Fe3O4 nanoparticles 176:194 In the present study, we decorated chitosan (©) with Fe3O4 nanoparticles followed by cross-linking with GO to prepare Fe3O4 supported chitosan-graphene oxide composite (Fe3O4©-GO). 27516300 8 36 theme application 1095:1105 arg1 view 1077:1080 view 1077:1080 view of practical application 1077:1105 In view of practical application, the influence of ionic strength, recycling as well as investigations based on percent recoveries from spiked real water samples were also taken into account. 27516300 8 37 theme practical 1085:1093 arg1 application 1095:1105 practical application 1085:1105 practical application 1085:1105 In view of practical application, the influence of ionic strength, recycling as well as investigations based on percent recoveries from spiked real water samples were also taken into account. 27516300 4 38 theme removal 525:531 arg1 efficiency 533:542 removal efficiency 525:542 removal efficiency of composite material 525:564 To maximize removal efficiency of composite material, effect of pH (4-12), time (0-80min), Fe3O4©-GO dosage (2-10mg), initial dye concentration (2-30μgmL̄ (1)) and temperature (303, 313, and 323K) were studied. 27516300 1 39 dep decorated 148:156 arg1 followed 196:203 followed 196:203 followed by cross-linking with GO to prepare Fe3O4 supported chitosan-graphene oxide composite (Fe3O4©-GO) 196:301 In the present study, we decorated chitosan (©) with Fe3O4 nanoparticles followed by cross-linking with GO to prepare Fe3O4 supported chitosan-graphene oxide composite (Fe3O4©-GO). 27516300 2 40 theme synthesized 328:338 arg1 material 340:347 synthesized material 328:347 synthesized material 328:347 Different properties of synthesized material were investigated by SEM, XRD, FTIR, TGA and EDX. 27516300 4 41 theme initial 631:637 arg1 2-30μgmL̄ 658:666 2-30μgmL̄ (1) 658:670 2-30μgmL̄ (1) 658:670 To maximize removal efficiency of composite material, effect of pH (4-12), time (0-80min), Fe3O4©-GO dosage (2-10mg), initial dye concentration (2-30μgmL̄ (1)) and temperature (303, 313, and 323K) were studied. 27516300 4 41 theme initial 631:637 arg1 concentration 643:655 initial dye concentration 631:655 initial dye concentration (2-30μgmL̄ (1)) 631:671 To maximize removal efficiency of composite material, effect of pH (4-12), time (0-80min), Fe3O4©-GO dosage (2-10mg), initial dye concentration (2-30μgmL̄ (1)) and temperature (303, 313, and 323K) were studied. 27516300 4 42 theme dye 639:641 arg1 2-30μgmL̄ 658:666 2-30μgmL̄ (1) 658:670 2-30μgmL̄ (1) 658:670 To maximize removal efficiency of composite material, effect of pH (4-12), time (0-80min), Fe3O4©-GO dosage (2-10mg), initial dye concentration (2-30μgmL̄ (1)) and temperature (303, 313, and 323K) were studied. 27516300 4 42 theme dye 639:641 arg1 concentration 643:655 initial dye concentration 631:655 initial dye concentration (2-30μgmL̄ (1)) 631:671 To maximize removal efficiency of composite material, effect of pH (4-12), time (0-80min), Fe3O4©-GO dosage (2-10mg), initial dye concentration (2-30μgmL̄ (1)) and temperature (303, 313, and 323K) were studied. 27516300 8 43 theme real 1217:1220 arg1 samples 1228:1234 spiked real water samples 1210:1234 spiked real water samples 1210:1234 In view of practical application, the influence of ionic strength, recycling as well as investigations based on percent recoveries from spiked real water samples were also taken into account. 27516300 0 44 with Functionalization 0:16 arg1 oxide 53:57 graphene oxide 44:57 graphene oxide for removal of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solution 44:120 Functionalization of magnetic chitosan with graphene oxide for removal of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solution. 27516300 6 45 theme Freundlich 916:925 arg1 isotherm 927:934 Freundlich isotherm 916:934 Freundlich isotherm 916:934 To understand the interaction of dye with adsorbent, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm were applied. 27516300 8 46 theme recycling 1141:1149 arg1 influence 1112:1120 the influence 1108:1120 the influence of ionic strength, recycling as well as investigations based on percent recoveries from spiked real water samples 1108:1234 In view of practical application, the influence of ionic strength, recycling as well as investigations based on percent recoveries from spiked real water samples were also taken into account. 27516300 5 47 theme pseudo-second-order 794:812 arg1 equation 814:821 pseudo-second-order equation 794:821 pseudo-second-order equation as the best fitting model 794:847 The uptake of dyes presented relatively fast adsorption kinetics with pseudo-second-order equation as the best fitting model. 27516300 8 48 theme spiked 1210:1215 arg1 samples 1228:1234 spiked real water samples 1210:1234 spiked real water samples 1210:1234 In view of practical application, the influence of ionic strength, recycling as well as investigations based on percent recoveries from spiked real water samples were also taken into account. 27516300 1 49 with cross-linking 208:220 arg1 GO 227:228 GO 227:228 GO 227:228 In the present study, we decorated chitosan (©) with Fe3O4 nanoparticles followed by cross-linking with GO to prepare Fe3O4 supported chitosan-graphene oxide composite (Fe3O4©-GO). 27516300 2 50 theme Different 304:312 arg1 properties 314:323 Different properties 304:323 Different properties of synthesized material 304:347 Different properties of synthesized material were investigated by SEM, XRD, FTIR, TGA and EDX. 27516300 8 51 theme ionic 1125:1129 arg1 strength 1131:1138 ionic strength 1125:1138 ionic strength 1125:1138 In view of practical application, the influence of ionic strength, recycling as well as investigations based on percent recoveries from spiked real water samples were also taken into account. 27516300 4 52 theme pH 577:578 arg1 effect 567:572 effect 567:572 effect of pH (4-12), time (0-80min), Fe3O4©-GO dosage (2-10mg), initial dye concentration (2-30μgmL̄ (1)) and temperature (303, 313, and 323K) 567:708 To maximize removal efficiency of composite material, effect of pH (4-12), time (0-80min), Fe3O4©-GO dosage (2-10mg), initial dye concentration (2-30μgmL̄ (1)) and temperature (303, 313, and 323K) were studied. 27516300 1 53 theme present 130:136 arg1 study 138:142 the present study 126:142 the present study 126:142 In the present study, we decorated chitosan (©) with Fe3O4 nanoparticles followed by cross-linking with GO to prepare Fe3O4 supported chitosan-graphene oxide composite (Fe3O4©-GO). 27516300 5 54 theme dyes 738:741 arg1 uptake 728:733 The uptake 724:733 The uptake of dyes 724:741 The uptake of dyes presented relatively fast adsorption kinetics with pseudo-second-order equation as the best fitting model. 27516300 8 55 theme water 1222:1226 arg1 samples 1228:1234 spiked real water samples 1210:1234 spiked real water samples 1210:1234 In view of practical application, the influence of ionic strength, recycling as well as investigations based on percent recoveries from spiked real water samples were also taken into account. 27516300 3 56 theme industrial 490:499 arg1 wastewater 501:510 industrial wastewater 490:510 industrial wastewater 490:510 Batch adsorption experiments were performed to remove toxic cationic and anionic dyes from industrial wastewater. 27516300 0 57 from solution 113:120 arg1 removal 63:69 removal 63:69 removal of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solution 63:120 Functionalization of magnetic chitosan with graphene oxide for removal of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solution. 26344297 2 0 theme H 491:491 arg1 spectroscopy 497:508 (1)H NMR spectroscopy 488:508 (1)H NMR spectroscopy 488:508 In order to improve the polymer/filler interfacial adhesion, an efficient compatibilizing agent has been synthesized by chemical modification of PBSA and characterized by FT-IR, FT-NIR and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 26344297 2 1 theme compatibilizing 373:387 arg1 agent 389:393 an efficient compatibilizing agent 360:393 an efficient compatibilizing agent 360:393 In order to improve the polymer/filler interfacial adhesion, an efficient compatibilizing agent has been synthesized by chemical modification of PBSA and characterized by FT-IR, FT-NIR and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 26344297 0 2 theme poly 66:69 arg1 properties 52:61 the properties 48:61 the properties of poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) 48:109 Effect of cellulose structure and morphology on the properties of poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) biocomposites. 26344297 2 3 theme efficient 363:371 arg1 agent 389:393 an efficient compatibilizing agent 360:393 an efficient compatibilizing agent 360:393 In order to improve the polymer/filler interfacial adhesion, an efficient compatibilizing agent has been synthesized by chemical modification of PBSA and characterized by FT-IR, FT-NIR and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 26344297 0 4 theme succinate-co-butylene 80:100 arg1 poly 66:69 poly 66:69 poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) 66:109 Effect of cellulose structure and morphology on the properties of poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) biocomposites. 26344297 0 4 theme succinate-co-butylene 80:100 arg1 adipate 102:108 butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate 71:108 butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate 71:108 Effect of cellulose structure and morphology on the properties of poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) biocomposites. 26344297 0 5 from Effect 0:5 arg1 properties 52:61 the properties 48:61 the properties of poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) 48:109 Effect of cellulose structure and morphology on the properties of poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) biocomposites. 26344297 5 6 theme thermal 939:945 arg1 properties 947:956 tensile and thermal properties 927:956 tensile and thermal properties 927:956 The addition to PBSA of cellulose fillers differing from each other by crystallinity degree and morphology, and the use of a compatibilizing agent have allowed modulating tensile and thermal properties, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic of the composites. 26344297 1 7 theme butylene 151:158 arg1 poly 146:149 poly 146:149 poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA) containing amorphized and crystalline cellulose reinforcements 146:259 Composites based on poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA) containing amorphized and crystalline cellulose reinforcements have been prepared and characterized. 26344297 1 7 theme butylene 151:158 arg1 adipate 182:188 butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate 151:188 butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate 151:188 Composites based on poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA) containing amorphized and crystalline cellulose reinforcements have been prepared and characterized. 26344297 0 8 theme butylene 71:78 arg1 poly 66:69 poly 66:69 poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) 66:109 Effect of cellulose structure and morphology on the properties of poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) biocomposites. 26344297 0 8 theme butylene 71:78 arg1 adipate 102:108 butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate 71:108 butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate 71:108 Effect of cellulose structure and morphology on the properties of poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) biocomposites. 26344297 5 9 theme composites 1023:1032 arg1 properties 947:956 tensile and thermal properties 927:956 tensile and thermal properties 927:956 The addition to PBSA of cellulose fillers differing from each other by crystallinity degree and morphology, and the use of a compatibilizing agent have allowed modulating tensile and thermal properties, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic of the composites. 26344297 5 9 theme composites 1023:1032 arg1 biodegradation 993:1006 biodegradation kinetic 993:1014 biodegradation kinetic of the composites 993:1032 The addition to PBSA of cellulose fillers differing from each other by crystallinity degree and morphology, and the use of a compatibilizing agent have allowed modulating tensile and thermal properties, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic of the composites. 26344297 5 9 theme composites 1023:1032 arg1 rate 984:987 water vapor transmission rate 959:987 water vapor transmission rate 959:987 The addition to PBSA of cellulose fillers differing from each other by crystallinity degree and morphology, and the use of a compatibilizing agent have allowed modulating tensile and thermal properties, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic of the composites. 26344297 5 10 theme fillers 790:796 arg1 addition 760:767 The addition 756:767 The addition to PBSA of cellulose fillers differing from each other by crystallinity degree and morphology 756:861 The addition to PBSA of cellulose fillers differing from each other by crystallinity degree and morphology, and the use of a compatibilizing agent have allowed modulating tensile and thermal properties, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic of the composites. 26344297 5 10 theme fillers 790:796 arg1 use 872:874 the use 868:874 the use of a compatibilizing agent 868:901 The addition to PBSA of cellulose fillers differing from each other by crystallinity degree and morphology, and the use of a compatibilizing agent have allowed modulating tensile and thermal properties, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic of the composites. 26344297 4 11 theme water 665:669 arg1 permeability 677:688 water vapor permeability 665:688 water vapor permeability 665:688 Moreover, water vapor permeability and biodegradation kinetics of composites have been investigated. 26344297 1 12 theme succinate-co-butylene 160:180 arg1 poly 146:149 poly 146:149 poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA) containing amorphized and crystalline cellulose reinforcements 146:259 Composites based on poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA) containing amorphized and crystalline cellulose reinforcements have been prepared and characterized. 26344297 1 12 theme succinate-co-butylene 160:180 arg1 adipate 182:188 butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate 151:188 butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate 151:188 Composites based on poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA) containing amorphized and crystalline cellulose reinforcements have been prepared and characterized. 26344297 5 13 theme crystallinity 827:839 arg1 degree 841:846 crystallinity degree 827:846 crystallinity degree 827:846 The addition to PBSA of cellulose fillers differing from each other by crystallinity degree and morphology, and the use of a compatibilizing agent have allowed modulating tensile and thermal properties, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic of the composites. 26344297 4 14 theme biodegradation 694:707 arg1 kinetics 709:716 biodegradation kinetics 694:716 biodegradation kinetics of composites 694:730 Moreover, water vapor permeability and biodegradation kinetics of composites have been investigated. 26344297 2 15 theme polymer/filler 323:336 arg1 adhesion 350:357 the polymer/filler interfacial adhesion 319:357 the polymer/filler interfacial adhesion 319:357 In order to improve the polymer/filler interfacial adhesion, an efficient compatibilizing agent has been synthesized by chemical modification of PBSA and characterized by FT-IR, FT-NIR and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 26344297 4 16 theme composites 721:730 arg1 permeability 677:688 water vapor permeability 665:688 water vapor permeability 665:688 Moreover, water vapor permeability and biodegradation kinetics of composites have been investigated. 26344297 4 16 theme composites 721:730 arg1 kinetics 709:716 biodegradation kinetics 694:716 biodegradation kinetics of composites 694:730 Moreover, water vapor permeability and biodegradation kinetics of composites have been investigated. 26344297 3 17 theme mechanical 598:607 arg1 analysis 645:652 morphological, mechanical, calorimetric and thermogravimetric analysis 583:652 morphological, mechanical, calorimetric and thermogravimetric analysis 583:652 Uncompatibilized and compatibilized composites have been tested through morphological, mechanical, calorimetric and thermogravimetric analysis. 26344297 5 18 theme tensile 927:933 arg1 properties 947:956 tensile and thermal properties 927:956 tensile and thermal properties 927:956 The addition to PBSA of cellulose fillers differing from each other by crystallinity degree and morphology, and the use of a compatibilizing agent have allowed modulating tensile and thermal properties, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic of the composites. 26344297 0 19 theme structure 20:28 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of cellulose structure and morphology on the properties of poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) 0:109 Effect of cellulose structure and morphology on the properties of poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) biocomposites. 26344297 5 20 theme kinetic 1008:1014 arg1 biodegradation 993:1006 biodegradation kinetic 993:1014 biodegradation kinetic of the composites 993:1032 The addition to PBSA of cellulose fillers differing from each other by crystallinity degree and morphology, and the use of a compatibilizing agent have allowed modulating tensile and thermal properties, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic of the composites. 26344297 4 21 theme vapor 671:675 arg1 permeability 677:688 water vapor permeability 665:688 water vapor permeability 665:688 Moreover, water vapor permeability and biodegradation kinetics of composites have been investigated. 26344297 0 22 theme cellulose 10:18 arg1 structure 20:28 cellulose structure 10:28 cellulose structure 10:28 Effect of cellulose structure and morphology on the properties of poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) biocomposites. 26344297 3 23 theme morphological 583:595 arg1 analysis 645:652 morphological, mechanical, calorimetric and thermogravimetric analysis 583:652 morphological, mechanical, calorimetric and thermogravimetric analysis 583:652 Uncompatibilized and compatibilized composites have been tested through morphological, mechanical, calorimetric and thermogravimetric analysis. 26344297 2 24 theme PBSA 444:447 arg1 modification 428:439 chemical modification 419:439 chemical modification of PBSA 419:447 In order to improve the polymer/filler interfacial adhesion, an efficient compatibilizing agent has been synthesized by chemical modification of PBSA and characterized by FT-IR, FT-NIR and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 26344297 0 25 theme morphology 34:43 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of cellulose structure and morphology on the properties of poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) 0:109 Effect of cellulose structure and morphology on the properties of poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) biocomposites. 26344297 5 26 theme compatibilizing 881:895 arg1 agent 897:901 a compatibilizing agent 879:901 a compatibilizing agent 879:901 The addition to PBSA of cellulose fillers differing from each other by crystallinity degree and morphology, and the use of a compatibilizing agent have allowed modulating tensile and thermal properties, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic of the composites. 26344297 2 27 theme chemical 419:426 arg1 modification 428:439 chemical modification 419:439 chemical modification of PBSA 419:447 In order to improve the polymer/filler interfacial adhesion, an efficient compatibilizing agent has been synthesized by chemical modification of PBSA and characterized by FT-IR, FT-NIR and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 26344297 3 28 theme thermogravimetric 627:643 arg1 analysis 645:652 morphological, mechanical, calorimetric and thermogravimetric analysis 583:652 morphological, mechanical, calorimetric and thermogravimetric analysis 583:652 Uncompatibilized and compatibilized composites have been tested through morphological, mechanical, calorimetric and thermogravimetric analysis. 26344297 1 29 theme amorphized 209:218 arg1 reinforcements 246:259 amorphized and crystalline cellulose reinforcements 209:259 amorphized and crystalline cellulose reinforcements 209:259 Composites based on poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA) containing amorphized and crystalline cellulose reinforcements have been prepared and characterized. 26344297 5 30 theme water 959:963 arg1 rate 984:987 water vapor transmission rate 959:987 water vapor transmission rate 959:987 The addition to PBSA of cellulose fillers differing from each other by crystallinity degree and morphology, and the use of a compatibilizing agent have allowed modulating tensile and thermal properties, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic of the composites. 26344297 3 31 theme calorimetric 610:621 arg1 analysis 645:652 morphological, mechanical, calorimetric and thermogravimetric analysis 583:652 morphological, mechanical, calorimetric and thermogravimetric analysis 583:652 Uncompatibilized and compatibilized composites have been tested through morphological, mechanical, calorimetric and thermogravimetric analysis. 26344297 3 32 theme Uncompatibilized 511:526 arg1 composites 547:556 Uncompatibilized and compatibilized composites 511:556 Uncompatibilized and compatibilized composites 511:556 Uncompatibilized and compatibilized composites have been tested through morphological, mechanical, calorimetric and thermogravimetric analysis. 26344297 5 33 theme vapor 965:969 arg1 rate 984:987 water vapor transmission rate 959:987 water vapor transmission rate 959:987 The addition to PBSA of cellulose fillers differing from each other by crystallinity degree and morphology, and the use of a compatibilizing agent have allowed modulating tensile and thermal properties, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic of the composites. 26344297 1 34 contain containing 198:207 arg1 poly 146:149 poly 146:149 poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA) containing amorphized and crystalline cellulose reinforcements 146:259 Composites based on poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA) containing amorphized and crystalline cellulose reinforcements have been prepared and characterized. 26344297 1 34 contain containing 198:207 arg2 reinforcements 246:259 amorphized and crystalline cellulose reinforcements 209:259 amorphized and crystalline cellulose reinforcements 209:259 Composites based on poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA) containing amorphized and crystalline cellulose reinforcements have been prepared and characterized. 26344297 1 34 contain containing 198:207 arg1 adipate 182:188 butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate 151:188 butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate 151:188 Composites based on poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA) containing amorphized and crystalline cellulose reinforcements have been prepared and characterized. 26344297 1 34 contain containing 198:207 arg1 PBSA 192:195 PBSA 192:195 PBSA 192:195 Composites based on poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA) containing amorphized and crystalline cellulose reinforcements have been prepared and characterized. 26344297 5 35 theme transmission 971:982 arg1 rate 984:987 water vapor transmission rate 959:987 water vapor transmission rate 959:987 The addition to PBSA of cellulose fillers differing from each other by crystallinity degree and morphology, and the use of a compatibilizing agent have allowed modulating tensile and thermal properties, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic of the composites. 26344297 2 36 theme interfacial 338:348 arg1 adhesion 350:357 the polymer/filler interfacial adhesion 319:357 the polymer/filler interfacial adhesion 319:357 In order to improve the polymer/filler interfacial adhesion, an efficient compatibilizing agent has been synthesized by chemical modification of PBSA and characterized by FT-IR, FT-NIR and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 26344297 1 37 theme crystalline 224:234 arg1 reinforcements 246:259 amorphized and crystalline cellulose reinforcements 209:259 amorphized and crystalline cellulose reinforcements 209:259 Composites based on poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA) containing amorphized and crystalline cellulose reinforcements have been prepared and characterized. 26344297 5 38 theme agent 897:901 arg1 addition 760:767 The addition 756:767 The addition to PBSA of cellulose fillers differing from each other by crystallinity degree and morphology 756:861 The addition to PBSA of cellulose fillers differing from each other by crystallinity degree and morphology, and the use of a compatibilizing agent have allowed modulating tensile and thermal properties, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic of the composites. 26344297 5 38 theme agent 897:901 arg1 use 872:874 the use 868:874 the use of a compatibilizing agent 868:901 The addition to PBSA of cellulose fillers differing from each other by crystallinity degree and morphology, and the use of a compatibilizing agent have allowed modulating tensile and thermal properties, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic of the composites. 26344297 1 39 theme cellulose 236:244 arg1 reinforcements 246:259 amorphized and crystalline cellulose reinforcements 209:259 amorphized and crystalline cellulose reinforcements 209:259 Composites based on poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA) containing amorphized and crystalline cellulose reinforcements have been prepared and characterized. 26344297 2 40 theme NMR 493:495 arg1 spectroscopy 497:508 (1)H NMR spectroscopy 488:508 (1)H NMR spectroscopy 488:508 In order to improve the polymer/filler interfacial adhesion, an efficient compatibilizing agent has been synthesized by chemical modification of PBSA and characterized by FT-IR, FT-NIR and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 26344297 3 41 theme compatibilized 532:545 arg1 composites 547:556 Uncompatibilized and compatibilized composites 511:556 Uncompatibilized and compatibilized composites 511:556 Uncompatibilized and compatibilized composites have been tested through morphological, mechanical, calorimetric and thermogravimetric analysis. 26344297 5 42 theme cellulose 780:788 arg1 fillers 790:796 cellulose fillers 780:796 cellulose fillers differing from each other by crystallinity degree and morphology 780:861 The addition to PBSA of cellulose fillers differing from each other by crystallinity degree and morphology, and the use of a compatibilizing agent have allowed modulating tensile and thermal properties, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation kinetic of the composites. 27979157 8 0 theme novel 1072:1076 arg1 products 1078:1085 other novel products 1066:1085 other novel products 1066:1085 The uniformity of DDGS and thin stillage makes them a good potential source of AX for production of prebiotics or other novel products. 27979157 1 1 dep Laboratory 79:88 arg1 produced 90:97 produced 90:97 produced 90:97 Laboratory produced DDGS samples were compared with commercial samples from a distillery and a biofuel plant. 27979157 7 2 theme starting 933:940 arg1 material 942:949 starting material 933:949 starting material 933:949 The current study shows that laboratory-scale DDGS provide an accurate representation of the commercial scale and that the AX composition of DDGS is consistently uniform irrespective of starting material. 27979157 7 3 theme commercial 840:849 arg1 scale 851:855 the commercial scale 836:855 the commercial scale 836:855 The current study shows that laboratory-scale DDGS provide an accurate representation of the commercial scale and that the AX composition of DDGS is consistently uniform irrespective of starting material. 27979157 2 4 from Changes 189:195 arg1 content 226:232 content 226:232 content 226:232 Changes in structure, solubility and content of arabinoxylan (AX) was determined. 27979157 2 4 from Changes 189:195 arg1 solubility 211:220 solubility 211:220 solubility 211:220 Changes in structure, solubility and content of arabinoxylan (AX) was determined. 27979157 2 4 from Changes 189:195 arg1 structure 200:208 structure 200:208 structure 200:208 Changes in structure, solubility and content of arabinoxylan (AX) was determined. 27979157 0 5 from Changes 0:6 arg1 fraction 28:35 the arabinoxylan fraction 11:35 the arabinoxylan fraction of wheat grain 11:50 Changes in the arabinoxylan fraction of wheat grain during alcohol production. 27979157 8 6 theme good 1006:1009 arg1 source 1021:1026 a good potential source 1004:1026 a good potential source of AX for production of prebiotics or other novel products 1004:1085 The uniformity of DDGS and thin stillage makes them a good potential source of AX for production of prebiotics or other novel products. 27979157 1 7 from distillery 157:166 arg1 samples 142:148 commercial samples 131:148 commercial samples from a distillery and a biofuel plant 131:186 Laboratory produced DDGS samples were compared with commercial samples from a distillery and a biofuel plant. 27979157 7 8 theme scale 851:855 arg1 representation 818:831 an accurate representation 806:831 an accurate representation of the commercial scale 806:855 The current study shows that laboratory-scale DDGS provide an accurate representation of the commercial scale and that the AX composition of DDGS is consistently uniform irrespective of starting material. 27979157 6 9 theme % 673:673 arg1 reduction 675:683 a 50% reduction 669:683 a 50% reduction in arabinosylation in DDGS compared with the starting grains 669:744 There is a decrease in 2- and 3-linked arabinose oligosaccharides, that contributes to around a 50% reduction in arabinosylation in DDGS compared with the starting grains. 27979157 8 10 theme DDGS 970:973 arg1 uniformity 956:965 The uniformity 952:965 The uniformity of DDGS and thin stillage 952:991 The uniformity of DDGS and thin stillage makes them a good potential source of AX for production of prebiotics or other novel products. 27979157 4 11 theme heating 380:386 arg1 processes 399:407 The heating and drying processes 376:407 The heating and drying processes involved in the production of DDGS 376:442 The heating and drying processes involved in the production of DDGS lead to an increased solubility and viscosity of water-extractable AX. 27979157 6 12 theme 50 671:672 arg1 % 673:673 % 673:673 % 673:673 There is a decrease in 2- and 3-linked arabinose oligosaccharides, that contributes to around a 50% reduction in arabinosylation in DDGS compared with the starting grains. 27979157 2 13 dep arabinoxylan 237:248 arg1 AX 251:252 AX 251:252 AX 251:252 Changes in structure, solubility and content of arabinoxylan (AX) was determined. 27979157 3 14 theme AX 330:331 arg1 content 333:339 AX content 330:339 AX content 330:339 The distillation process results in a relative increase of AX content compared to the starting material. 27979157 4 15 theme increased 455:463 arg1 solubility 465:474 solubility 465:474 solubility 465:474 The heating and drying processes involved in the production of DDGS lead to an increased solubility and viscosity of water-extractable AX. 27979157 8 16 theme potential 1011:1019 arg1 source 1021:1026 a good potential source 1004:1026 a good potential source of AX for production of prebiotics or other novel products 1004:1085 The uniformity of DDGS and thin stillage makes them a good potential source of AX for production of prebiotics or other novel products. 27979157 5 17 theme structural 545:554 arg1 changes 556:562 structural changes 545:562 structural changes to the AX 545:572 Production of DDGS results in structural changes to the AX. 27979157 7 18 theme accurate 809:816 arg1 representation 818:831 an accurate representation 806:831 an accurate representation of the commercial scale 806:855 The current study shows that laboratory-scale DDGS provide an accurate representation of the commercial scale and that the AX composition of DDGS is consistently uniform irrespective of starting material. 27979157 3 19 theme starting 357:364 arg1 material 366:373 the starting material 353:373 the starting material 353:373 The distillation process results in a relative increase of AX content compared to the starting material. 27979157 8 20 theme AX 1031:1032 arg1 source 1021:1026 a good potential source 1004:1026 a good potential source of AX for production of prebiotics or other novel products 1004:1085 The uniformity of DDGS and thin stillage makes them a good potential source of AX for production of prebiotics or other novel products. 27979157 0 21 theme alcohol 59:65 arg1 production 67:76 alcohol production 59:76 alcohol production 59:76 Changes in the arabinoxylan fraction of wheat grain during alcohol production. 27979157 1 22 theme Laboratory 79:88 arg1 samples 104:110 Laboratory produced DDGS samples 79:110 Laboratory produced DDGS samples 79:110 Laboratory produced DDGS samples were compared with commercial samples from a distillery and a biofuel plant. 27979157 1 23 theme biofuel 174:180 arg1 plant 182:186 a biofuel plant 172:186 a biofuel plant 172:186 Laboratory produced DDGS samples were compared with commercial samples from a distillery and a biofuel plant. 27979157 7 24 theme DDGS 888:891 arg1 composition 873:883 the AX composition 866:883 the AX composition of DDGS 866:891 The current study shows that laboratory-scale DDGS provide an accurate representation of the commercial scale and that the AX composition of DDGS is consistently uniform irrespective of starting material. 27979157 0 25 theme arabinoxylan 15:26 arg1 fraction 28:35 the arabinoxylan fraction 11:35 the arabinoxylan fraction of wheat grain 11:50 Changes in the arabinoxylan fraction of wheat grain during alcohol production. 27979157 8 26 theme stillage 984:991 arg1 uniformity 956:965 The uniformity 952:965 The uniformity of DDGS and thin stillage 952:991 The uniformity of DDGS and thin stillage makes them a good potential source of AX for production of prebiotics or other novel products. 27979157 6 27 link 3-linked 605:612 arg1 oligosaccharides 624:639 3-linked arabinose oligosaccharides 605:639 3-linked arabinose oligosaccharides 605:639 There is a decrease in 2- and 3-linked arabinose oligosaccharides, that contributes to around a 50% reduction in arabinosylation in DDGS compared with the starting grains. 27979157 6 28 theme starting 730:737 arg1 grains 739:744 the starting grains 726:744 the starting grains 726:744 There is a decrease in 2- and 3-linked arabinose oligosaccharides, that contributes to around a 50% reduction in arabinosylation in DDGS compared with the starting grains. 27979157 1 29 theme DDGS 99:102 arg1 samples 104:110 Laboratory produced DDGS samples 79:110 Laboratory produced DDGS samples 79:110 Laboratory produced DDGS samples were compared with commercial samples from a distillery and a biofuel plant. 27979157 7 30 theme current 751:757 arg1 study 759:763 The current study 747:763 The current study 747:763 The current study shows that laboratory-scale DDGS provide an accurate representation of the commercial scale and that the AX composition of DDGS is consistently uniform irrespective of starting material. 27979157 7 31 theme laboratory-scale 776:791 arg1 DDGS 793:796 laboratory-scale DDGS 776:796 laboratory-scale DDGS 776:796 The current study shows that laboratory-scale DDGS provide an accurate representation of the commercial scale and that the AX composition of DDGS is consistently uniform irrespective of starting material. 27979157 8 32 theme prebiotics 1052:1061 arg1 production 1038:1047 production 1038:1047 production of prebiotics or other novel products 1038:1085 The uniformity of DDGS and thin stillage makes them a good potential source of AX for production of prebiotics or other novel products. 27979157 4 33 theme AX 511:512 arg1 viscosity 480:488 viscosity 480:488 viscosity 480:488 The heating and drying processes involved in the production of DDGS lead to an increased solubility and viscosity of water-extractable AX. 27979157 4 33 theme AX 511:512 arg1 solubility 465:474 solubility 465:474 solubility 465:474 The heating and drying processes involved in the production of DDGS lead to an increased solubility and viscosity of water-extractable AX. 27979157 4 34 theme DDGS 439:442 arg1 production 425:434 the production 421:434 the production of DDGS 421:442 The heating and drying processes involved in the production of DDGS lead to an increased solubility and viscosity of water-extractable AX. 27979157 0 35 theme grain 46:50 arg1 fraction 28:35 the arabinoxylan fraction 11:35 the arabinoxylan fraction of wheat grain 11:50 Changes in the arabinoxylan fraction of wheat grain during alcohol production. 27979157 3 36 theme content 333:339 arg1 increase 318:325 a relative increase 307:325 a relative increase of AX content compared to the starting material 307:373 The distillation process results in a relative increase of AX content compared to the starting material. 27979157 8 37 theme other 1066:1070 arg1 products 1078:1085 other novel products 1066:1085 other novel products 1066:1085 The uniformity of DDGS and thin stillage makes them a good potential source of AX for production of prebiotics or other novel products. 27979157 5 38 theme DDGS 529:532 arg1 Production 515:524 Production 515:524 Production of DDGS 515:532 Production of DDGS results in structural changes to the AX. 27979157 0 39 theme wheat 40:44 arg1 grain 46:50 wheat grain 40:50 wheat grain 40:50 Changes in the arabinoxylan fraction of wheat grain during alcohol production. 27979157 8 40 theme thin 979:982 arg1 stillage 984:991 thin stillage 979:991 thin stillage 979:991 The uniformity of DDGS and thin stillage makes them a good potential source of AX for production of prebiotics or other novel products. 27979157 8 41 theme products 1078:1085 arg1 production 1038:1047 production 1038:1047 production of prebiotics or other novel products 1038:1085 The uniformity of DDGS and thin stillage makes them a good potential source of AX for production of prebiotics or other novel products. 27979157 4 42 theme drying 392:397 arg1 processes 399:407 The heating and drying processes 376:407 The heating and drying processes involved in the production of DDGS 376:442 The heating and drying processes involved in the production of DDGS lead to an increased solubility and viscosity of water-extractable AX. 27979157 6 43 from decrease 586:593 arg1 2- 598:599 2- 598:599 2- 598:599 There is a decrease in 2- and 3-linked arabinose oligosaccharides, that contributes to around a 50% reduction in arabinosylation in DDGS compared with the starting grains. 27979157 6 43 from decrease 586:593 arg1 oligosaccharides 624:639 3-linked arabinose oligosaccharides 605:639 3-linked arabinose oligosaccharides 605:639 There is a decrease in 2- and 3-linked arabinose oligosaccharides, that contributes to around a 50% reduction in arabinosylation in DDGS compared with the starting grains. 27979157 6 44 theme arabinose 614:622 arg1 oligosaccharides 624:639 3-linked arabinose oligosaccharides 605:639 3-linked arabinose oligosaccharides 605:639 There is a decrease in 2- and 3-linked arabinose oligosaccharides, that contributes to around a 50% reduction in arabinosylation in DDGS compared with the starting grains. 27979157 3 45 theme distillation 275:286 arg1 process 288:294 The distillation process 271:294 The distillation process 271:294 The distillation process results in a relative increase of AX content compared to the starting material. 27979157 1 46 theme commercial 131:140 arg1 samples 142:148 commercial samples 131:148 commercial samples from a distillery and a biofuel plant 131:186 Laboratory produced DDGS samples were compared with commercial samples from a distillery and a biofuel plant. 27979157 6 47 theme 3-linked 605:612 arg1 oligosaccharides 624:639 3-linked arabinose oligosaccharides 605:639 3-linked arabinose oligosaccharides 605:639 There is a decrease in 2- and 3-linked arabinose oligosaccharides, that contributes to around a 50% reduction in arabinosylation in DDGS compared with the starting grains. 27979157 3 48 theme relative 309:316 arg1 increase 318:325 a relative increase 307:325 a relative increase of AX content compared to the starting material 307:373 The distillation process results in a relative increase of AX content compared to the starting material. 27979157 2 49 theme arabinoxylan 237:248 arg1 content 226:232 content 226:232 content 226:232 Changes in structure, solubility and content of arabinoxylan (AX) was determined. 27979157 2 49 theme arabinoxylan 237:248 arg1 solubility 211:220 solubility 211:220 solubility 211:220 Changes in structure, solubility and content of arabinoxylan (AX) was determined. 27979157 2 49 theme arabinoxylan 237:248 arg1 structure 200:208 structure 200:208 structure 200:208 Changes in structure, solubility and content of arabinoxylan (AX) was determined. 27979157 1 50 from plant 182:186 arg1 samples 142:148 commercial samples 131:148 commercial samples from a distillery and a biofuel plant 131:186 Laboratory produced DDGS samples were compared with commercial samples from a distillery and a biofuel plant. 27979157 7 51 theme AX 870:871 arg1 composition 873:883 the AX composition 866:883 the AX composition of DDGS 866:891 The current study shows that laboratory-scale DDGS provide an accurate representation of the commercial scale and that the AX composition of DDGS is consistently uniform irrespective of starting material. 27979157 6 52 from reduction 675:683 arg1 arabinosylation 688:702 arabinosylation 688:702 arabinosylation 688:702 There is a decrease in 2- and 3-linked arabinose oligosaccharides, that contributes to around a 50% reduction in arabinosylation in DDGS compared with the starting grains. 27979157 6 52 from reduction 675:683 arg1 DDGS 707:710 DDGS 707:710 DDGS compared with the starting grains 707:744 There is a decrease in 2- and 3-linked arabinose oligosaccharides, that contributes to around a 50% reduction in arabinosylation in DDGS compared with the starting grains. 24929617 12 0 dep engineered 2051:2060 arg1 Tissue 2044:2049 Tissue 2044:2049 Tissue 2044:2049 Tissue engineered sheets containing laminin and/or heparan sulfate had a balanced expression of contractile and relaxant motor neurons. 24929617 10 1 theme enriched 1711:1718 arg1 population 1739:1748 An enriched nitrergic neuronal population 1708:1748 An enriched nitrergic neuronal population 1708:1748 An enriched nitrergic neuronal population, evidenced by an increased expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, was obtained in tissue engineered sheets that included collagen IV. 24929617 7 2 theme neuronal 1260:1267 arg1 subtypes 1269:1276 specific neuronal subtypes 1251:1276 specific neuronal subtypes 1251:1276 The differentiation of specific neuronal subtypes was influenced by the ECM microenvironment, namely combinations of collagen I, collagen IV, laminin and/or heparan sulfate. 24929617 2 3 theme engineered 381:390 arg1 sheets 403:408 tissue engineered innervated sheets 374:408 tissue engineered innervated sheets 374:408 We describe the formation of tissue engineered innervated sheets, where intestinal smooth muscle and enteric neuronal progenitor cells are brought into close association in extracellular matrix (ECM) based microenvironments. 24929617 3 4 theme smooth 604:609 arg1 cells 618:622 constituent smooth muscle cells 592:622 constituent smooth muscle cells 592:622 Uniaxial alignment of constituent smooth muscle cells was achieved by substrate microtopography. 24929617 1 5 theme cellular 297:304 arg1 therapy 306:312 a cellular therapy 295:312 a cellular therapy to treat enteric neuropathies 295:342 Differentiation of enteric neural stem cells into several appropriate neural phenotypes is crucial while considering transplantation as a cellular therapy to treat enteric neuropathies. 24929617 1 5 theme cellular 297:304 arg1 transplantation 276:290 transplantation 276:290 transplantation 276:290 Differentiation of enteric neural stem cells into several appropriate neural phenotypes is crucial while considering transplantation as a cellular therapy to treat enteric neuropathies. 24929617 4 6 theme composition 786:796 arg1 irrespective 762:773 irrespective 762:773 irrespective 762:773 The smooth muscle component of the tissue engineered sheets maintained a contractile phenotype irrespective of the ECM composition, and generated equivalent contractions in response to potassium chloride stimulation, similar to native intestinal tissue. 24929617 12 7 contain had 2111:2113 arg1 sheets 2062:2067 Tissue engineered sheets 2044:2067 Tissue engineered sheets containing laminin and/or heparan sulfate 2044:2109 Tissue engineered sheets containing laminin and/or heparan sulfate had a balanced expression of contractile and relaxant motor neurons. 24929617 12 7 contain had 2111:2113 arg2 expression 2126:2135 a balanced expression 2115:2135 a balanced expression of contractile and relaxant motor neurons 2115:2177 Tissue engineered sheets containing laminin and/or heparan sulfate had a balanced expression of contractile and relaxant motor neurons. 24929617 9 8 with Sheets 1490:1495 arg1 collagen 1512:1519 composite collagen 1502:1519 composite collagen 1502:1519 Sheets with composite collagen and laminin had the most similar patterns of Acetylcholine-induced contraction to native intestinal tissue, corresponding to an increased protein expression of choline acetyltransferase. 24929617 9 8 with Sheets 1490:1495 arg1 laminin 1525:1531 laminin 1525:1531 laminin 1525:1531 Sheets with composite collagen and laminin had the most similar patterns of Acetylcholine-induced contraction to native intestinal tissue, corresponding to an increased protein expression of choline acetyltransferase. 24929617 6 9 theme smooth 1213:1218 arg1 muscle 1220:1225 the smooth muscle 1209:1225 the smooth muscle 1209:1225 In the presence of the smooth muscle cells, the enteric neuronal progenitor cells differentiated to functionally innervate the smooth muscle. 24929617 1 10 theme stem 193:196 arg1 cells 198:202 enteric neural stem cells 178:202 enteric neural stem cells 178:202 Differentiation of enteric neural stem cells into several appropriate neural phenotypes is crucial while considering transplantation as a cellular therapy to treat enteric neuropathies. 24929617 4 11 theme contractile 740:750 arg1 phenotype 752:760 a contractile phenotype 738:760 a contractile phenotype irrespective of the ECM composition 738:796 The smooth muscle component of the tissue engineered sheets maintained a contractile phenotype irrespective of the ECM composition, and generated equivalent contractions in response to potassium chloride stimulation, similar to native intestinal tissue. 24929617 5 12 theme permissive 972:981 arg1 cues 1024:1027 permissive ECM-based compositional and viscoelastic cues 972:1027 permissive ECM-based compositional and viscoelastic cues 972:1027 We provided enteric neuronal progenitor cells with permissive ECM-based compositional and viscoelastic cues to generate excitatory and inhibitory neuronal subtypes. 24929617 10 13 theme increased 1767:1775 arg1 expression 1777:1786 an increased expression 1764:1786 an increased expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase 1764:1820 An enriched nitrergic neuronal population, evidenced by an increased expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, was obtained in tissue engineered sheets that included collagen IV. 24929617 11 14 theme sensitive 1987:1995 arg1 magnitude 1934:1942 a significantly increased magnitude 1908:1942 a significantly increased magnitude 1908:1942 These sheets had a significantly increased magnitude of electrical field stimulated relaxation, sensitive maximally to nitric oxide synthase inhibition. 24929617 0 15 theme intestinal 126:135 arg1 muscle 144:149 intestinal smooth muscle 126:149 intestinal smooth muscle sheets 126:156 The influence of extracellular matrix composition on the differentiation of neuronal subtypes in tissue engineered innervated intestinal smooth muscle sheets. 24929617 3 16 theme cells 618:622 arg1 alignment 579:587 Uniaxial alignment 570:587 Uniaxial alignment of constituent smooth muscle cells 570:622 Uniaxial alignment of constituent smooth muscle cells was achieved by substrate microtopography. 24929617 1 17 theme appropriate 217:227 arg1 phenotypes 236:245 several appropriate neural phenotypes 209:245 several appropriate neural phenotypes 209:245 Differentiation of enteric neural stem cells into several appropriate neural phenotypes is crucial while considering transplantation as a cellular therapy to treat enteric neuropathies. 24929617 12 18 theme neurons 2171:2177 arg1 expression 2126:2135 a balanced expression 2115:2135 a balanced expression of contractile and relaxant motor neurons 2115:2177 Tissue engineered sheets containing laminin and/or heparan sulfate had a balanced expression of contractile and relaxant motor neurons. 24929617 4 19 theme engineered 709:718 arg1 sheets 720:725 the tissue engineered sheets 698:725 the tissue engineered sheets 698:725 The smooth muscle component of the tissue engineered sheets maintained a contractile phenotype irrespective of the ECM composition, and generated equivalent contractions in response to potassium chloride stimulation, similar to native intestinal tissue. 24929617 10 20 theme synthase 1813:1820 arg1 expression 1777:1786 an increased expression 1764:1786 an increased expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase 1764:1820 An enriched nitrergic neuronal population, evidenced by an increased expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, was obtained in tissue engineered sheets that included collagen IV. 24929617 0 21 theme muscle 144:149 arg1 sheets 151:156 intestinal smooth muscle sheets 126:156 intestinal smooth muscle sheets 126:156 The influence of extracellular matrix composition on the differentiation of neuronal subtypes in tissue engineered innervated intestinal smooth muscle sheets. 24929617 5 22 theme neuronal 941:948 arg1 cells 961:965 enteric neuronal progenitor cells 933:965 enteric neuronal progenitor cells 933:965 We provided enteric neuronal progenitor cells with permissive ECM-based compositional and viscoelastic cues to generate excitatory and inhibitory neuronal subtypes. 24929617 0 23 from differentiation 57:71 arg1 tissue 97:102 tissue 97:102 tissue engineered 97:113 The influence of extracellular matrix composition on the differentiation of neuronal subtypes in tissue engineered innervated intestinal smooth muscle sheets. 24929617 8 24 theme differentiated 1420:1433 arg1 neurons 1435:1441 differentiated neurons 1420:1441 differentiated neurons within tissue engineered sheets 1420:1473 The physiology of differentiated neurons within tissue engineered sheets was evaluated. 24929617 10 25 theme nitric 1800:1805 arg1 synthase 1813:1820 neuronal nitric oxide synthase 1791:1820 neuronal nitric oxide synthase 1791:1820 An enriched nitrergic neuronal population, evidenced by an increased expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, was obtained in tissue engineered sheets that included collagen IV. 24929617 11 26 theme oxide 2017:2021 arg1 synthase 2023:2030 nitric oxide synthase 2010:2030 nitric oxide synthase inhibition 2010:2041 These sheets had a significantly increased magnitude of electrical field stimulated relaxation, sensitive maximally to nitric oxide synthase inhibition. 24929617 14 27 used utilized 2295:2302 arg2 observation 2274:2284 This observation 2269:2284 This observation 2269:2284 This observation could be utilized to derive enriched populations of specific enteric neurons in vitro prior to transplantation. 24929617 3 28 theme substrate 640:648 arg1 microtopography 650:664 substrate microtopography 640:664 substrate microtopography 640:664 Uniaxial alignment of constituent smooth muscle cells was achieved by substrate microtopography. 24929617 9 29 theme protein 1659:1665 arg1 expression 1667:1676 an increased protein expression 1646:1676 an increased protein expression of choline acetyltransferase 1646:1705 Sheets with composite collagen and laminin had the most similar patterns of Acetylcholine-induced contraction to native intestinal tissue, corresponding to an increased protein expression of choline acetyltransferase. 24929617 11 30 contain had 1904:1906 arg2 magnitude 1934:1942 a significantly increased magnitude 1908:1942 a significantly increased magnitude 1908:1942 These sheets had a significantly increased magnitude of electrical field stimulated relaxation, sensitive maximally to nitric oxide synthase inhibition. 24929617 11 30 contain had 1904:1906 arg1 sheets 1897:1902 These sheets 1891:1902 These sheets 1891:1902 These sheets had a significantly increased magnitude of electrical field stimulated relaxation, sensitive maximally to nitric oxide synthase inhibition. 24929617 5 31 theme excitatory 1041:1050 arg1 subtypes 1076:1083 excitatory and inhibitory neuronal subtypes 1041:1083 excitatory and inhibitory neuronal subtypes 1041:1083 We provided enteric neuronal progenitor cells with permissive ECM-based compositional and viscoelastic cues to generate excitatory and inhibitory neuronal subtypes. 24929617 8 32 theme engineered 1457:1466 arg1 sheets 1468:1473 tissue engineered sheets 1450:1473 tissue engineered sheets 1450:1473 The physiology of differentiated neurons within tissue engineered sheets was evaluated. 24929617 11 33 theme increased 1924:1932 arg1 magnitude 1934:1942 a significantly increased magnitude 1908:1942 a significantly increased magnitude 1908:1942 These sheets had a significantly increased magnitude of electrical field stimulated relaxation, sensitive maximally to nitric oxide synthase inhibition. 24929617 5 34 theme compositional 993:1005 arg1 cues 1024:1027 permissive ECM-based compositional and viscoelastic cues 972:1027 permissive ECM-based compositional and viscoelastic cues 972:1027 We provided enteric neuronal progenitor cells with permissive ECM-based compositional and viscoelastic cues to generate excitatory and inhibitory neuronal subtypes. 24929617 11 35 theme relaxation 1975:1984 arg1 magnitude 1934:1942 a significantly increased magnitude 1908:1942 a significantly increased magnitude 1908:1942 These sheets had a significantly increased magnitude of electrical field stimulated relaxation, sensitive maximally to nitric oxide synthase inhibition. 24929617 0 36 theme neuronal 76:83 arg1 subtypes 85:92 neuronal subtypes 76:92 neuronal subtypes 76:92 The influence of extracellular matrix composition on the differentiation of neuronal subtypes in tissue engineered innervated intestinal smooth muscle sheets. 24929617 1 37 theme enteric 178:184 arg1 cells 198:202 enteric neural stem cells 178:202 enteric neural stem cells 178:202 Differentiation of enteric neural stem cells into several appropriate neural phenotypes is crucial while considering transplantation as a cellular therapy to treat enteric neuropathies. 24929617 6 38 theme smooth 1109:1114 arg1 cells 1123:1127 the smooth muscle cells 1105:1127 the smooth muscle cells 1105:1127 In the presence of the smooth muscle cells, the enteric neuronal progenitor cells differentiated to functionally innervate the smooth muscle. 24929617 11 39 theme field 1958:1962 arg1 relaxation 1975:1984 electrical field stimulated relaxation 1947:1984 electrical field stimulated relaxation 1947:1984 These sheets had a significantly increased magnitude of electrical field stimulated relaxation, sensitive maximally to nitric oxide synthase inhibition. 24929617 7 40 theme collagen 1345:1352 arg1 microenvironment 1304:1319 the ECM microenvironment 1296:1319 the ECM microenvironment 1296:1319 The differentiation of specific neuronal subtypes was influenced by the ECM microenvironment, namely combinations of collagen I, collagen IV, laminin and/or heparan sulfate. 24929617 7 40 theme collagen 1345:1352 arg1 combinations 1329:1340 combinations 1329:1340 namely combinations of collagen I, collagen IV, laminin and/or heparan sulfate 1322:1399 The differentiation of specific neuronal subtypes was influenced by the ECM microenvironment, namely combinations of collagen I, collagen IV, laminin and/or heparan sulfate. 24929617 6 41 dep cells 1123:1127 arg1 the 1089:1091 the 1089:1091 the 1089:1091 In the presence of the smooth muscle cells, the enteric neuronal progenitor cells differentiated to functionally innervate the smooth muscle. 24929617 6 41 dep cells 1123:1127 arg1 presence 1093:1100 presence 1093:1100 presence 1093:1100 In the presence of the smooth muscle cells, the enteric neuronal progenitor cells differentiated to functionally innervate the smooth muscle. 24929617 14 42 theme enteric 2347:2353 arg1 neurons 2355:2361 specific enteric neurons 2338:2361 specific enteric neurons in vitro prior to transplantation 2338:2395 This observation could be utilized to derive enriched populations of specific enteric neurons in vitro prior to transplantation. 24929617 4 43 theme chloride 862:869 arg1 stimulation 871:881 potassium chloride stimulation 852:881 potassium chloride stimulation 852:881 The smooth muscle component of the tissue engineered sheets maintained a contractile phenotype irrespective of the ECM composition, and generated equivalent contractions in response to potassium chloride stimulation, similar to native intestinal tissue. 24929617 9 44 theme contraction 1588:1598 arg1 patterns 1554:1561 the most similar patterns 1537:1561 the most similar patterns of Acetylcholine-induced contraction to native intestinal tissue 1537:1626 Sheets with composite collagen and laminin had the most similar patterns of Acetylcholine-induced contraction to native intestinal tissue, corresponding to an increased protein expression of choline acetyltransferase. 24929617 4 45 theme equivalent 813:822 arg1 contractions 824:835 equivalent contractions 813:835 equivalent contractions in response to potassium chloride stimulation, similar to native intestinal tissue 813:918 The smooth muscle component of the tissue engineered sheets maintained a contractile phenotype irrespective of the ECM composition, and generated equivalent contractions in response to potassium chloride stimulation, similar to native intestinal tissue. 24929617 2 46 theme intestinal 417:426 arg1 muscle 435:440 intestinal smooth muscle 417:440 intestinal smooth muscle 417:440 We describe the formation of tissue engineered innervated sheets, where intestinal smooth muscle and enteric neuronal progenitor cells are brought into close association in extracellular matrix (ECM) based microenvironments. 24929617 12 47 theme balanced 2117:2124 arg1 expression 2126:2135 a balanced expression 2115:2135 a balanced expression of contractile and relaxant motor neurons 2115:2177 Tissue engineered sheets containing laminin and/or heparan sulfate had a balanced expression of contractile and relaxant motor neurons. 24929617 5 48 theme inhibitory 1056:1065 arg1 subtypes 1076:1083 excitatory and inhibitory neuronal subtypes 1041:1083 excitatory and inhibitory neuronal subtypes 1041:1083 We provided enteric neuronal progenitor cells with permissive ECM-based compositional and viscoelastic cues to generate excitatory and inhibitory neuronal subtypes. 24929617 14 49 theme enriched 2314:2321 arg1 populations 2323:2333 enriched populations 2314:2333 enriched populations of specific enteric neurons in vitro prior to transplantation 2314:2395 This observation could be utilized to derive enriched populations of specific enteric neurons in vitro prior to transplantation. 24929617 13 50 theme neuronal 2210:2217 arg1 subtype 2219:2225 neuronal subtype 2210:2225 neuronal subtype 2210:2225 Our studies demonstrated that neuronal subtype was modulated by varying ECM composition. 24929617 2 51 theme progenitor 463:472 arg1 cells 474:478 enteric neuronal progenitor cells 446:478 enteric neuronal progenitor cells 446:478 We describe the formation of tissue engineered innervated sheets, where intestinal smooth muscle and enteric neuronal progenitor cells are brought into close association in extracellular matrix (ECM) based microenvironments. 24929617 7 52 theme ECM 1300:1302 arg1 microenvironment 1304:1319 the ECM microenvironment 1296:1319 the ECM microenvironment 1296:1319 The differentiation of specific neuronal subtypes was influenced by the ECM microenvironment, namely combinations of collagen I, collagen IV, laminin and/or heparan sulfate. 24929617 7 52 theme ECM 1300:1302 arg1 combinations 1329:1340 combinations 1329:1340 namely combinations of collagen I, collagen IV, laminin and/or heparan sulfate 1322:1399 The differentiation of specific neuronal subtypes was influenced by the ECM microenvironment, namely combinations of collagen I, collagen IV, laminin and/or heparan sulfate. 24929617 2 53 dep based 545:549 arg1 ECM 540:542 ECM 540:542 ECM 540:542 We describe the formation of tissue engineered innervated sheets, where intestinal smooth muscle and enteric neuronal progenitor cells are brought into close association in extracellular matrix (ECM) based microenvironments. 24929617 2 53 dep based 545:549 arg1 matrix 532:537 extracellular matrix 518:537 extracellular matrix (ECM) 518:543 We describe the formation of tissue engineered innervated sheets, where intestinal smooth muscle and enteric neuronal progenitor cells are brought into close association in extracellular matrix (ECM) based microenvironments. 24929617 4 54 theme irrespective 762:773 arg1 phenotype 752:760 a contractile phenotype 738:760 a contractile phenotype irrespective of the ECM composition 738:796 The smooth muscle component of the tissue engineered sheets maintained a contractile phenotype irrespective of the ECM composition, and generated equivalent contractions in response to potassium chloride stimulation, similar to native intestinal tissue. 24929617 2 55 theme extracellular 518:530 arg1 ECM 540:542 ECM 540:542 ECM 540:542 We describe the formation of tissue engineered innervated sheets, where intestinal smooth muscle and enteric neuronal progenitor cells are brought into close association in extracellular matrix (ECM) based microenvironments. 24929617 2 55 theme extracellular 518:530 arg1 matrix 532:537 extracellular matrix 518:537 extracellular matrix (ECM) 518:543 We describe the formation of tissue engineered innervated sheets, where intestinal smooth muscle and enteric neuronal progenitor cells are brought into close association in extracellular matrix (ECM) based microenvironments. 24929617 4 56 theme intestinal 902:911 arg1 tissue 913:918 native intestinal tissue 895:918 native intestinal tissue 895:918 The smooth muscle component of the tissue engineered sheets maintained a contractile phenotype irrespective of the ECM composition, and generated equivalent contractions in response to potassium chloride stimulation, similar to native intestinal tissue. 24929617 2 57 theme enteric 446:452 arg1 cells 474:478 enteric neuronal progenitor cells 446:478 enteric neuronal progenitor cells 446:478 We describe the formation of tissue engineered innervated sheets, where intestinal smooth muscle and enteric neuronal progenitor cells are brought into close association in extracellular matrix (ECM) based microenvironments. 24929617 5 58 theme progenitor 950:959 arg1 cells 961:965 enteric neuronal progenitor cells 933:965 enteric neuronal progenitor cells 933:965 We provided enteric neuronal progenitor cells with permissive ECM-based compositional and viscoelastic cues to generate excitatory and inhibitory neuronal subtypes. 24929617 9 59 theme composite 1502:1510 arg1 collagen 1512:1519 composite collagen 1502:1519 composite collagen 1502:1519 Sheets with composite collagen and laminin had the most similar patterns of Acetylcholine-induced contraction to native intestinal tissue, corresponding to an increased protein expression of choline acetyltransferase. 24929617 0 60 theme matrix 31:36 arg1 composition 38:48 extracellular matrix composition 17:48 extracellular matrix composition 17:48 The influence of extracellular matrix composition on the differentiation of neuronal subtypes in tissue engineered innervated intestinal smooth muscle sheets. 24929617 6 61 theme neuronal 1142:1149 arg1 cells 1162:1166 the enteric neuronal progenitor cells 1130:1166 the enteric neuronal progenitor cells 1130:1166 In the presence of the smooth muscle cells, the enteric neuronal progenitor cells differentiated to functionally innervate the smooth muscle. 24929617 13 62 theme ECM 2252:2254 arg1 composition 2256:2266 ECM composition 2252:2266 ECM composition 2252:2266 Our studies demonstrated that neuronal subtype was modulated by varying ECM composition. 24929617 2 63 theme tissue 374:379 arg1 sheets 403:408 tissue engineered innervated sheets 374:408 tissue engineered innervated sheets 374:408 We describe the formation of tissue engineered innervated sheets, where intestinal smooth muscle and enteric neuronal progenitor cells are brought into close association in extracellular matrix (ECM) based microenvironments. 24929617 12 64 theme heparan 2095:2101 arg1 sulfate 2103:2109 heparan sulfate 2095:2109 heparan sulfate 2095:2109 Tissue engineered sheets containing laminin and/or heparan sulfate had a balanced expression of contractile and relaxant motor neurons. 24929617 10 65 dep engineered 1846:1855 arg1 tissue 1839:1844 tissue 1839:1844 tissue 1839:1844 An enriched nitrergic neuronal population, evidenced by an increased expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, was obtained in tissue engineered sheets that included collagen IV. 24929617 9 66 theme acetyltransferase 1689:1705 arg1 expression 1667:1676 an increased protein expression 1646:1676 an increased protein expression of choline acetyltransferase 1646:1705 Sheets with composite collagen and laminin had the most similar patterns of Acetylcholine-induced contraction to native intestinal tissue, corresponding to an increased protein expression of choline acetyltransferase. 24929617 9 67 theme native 1603:1608 arg1 tissue 1621:1626 native intestinal tissue 1603:1626 native intestinal tissue 1603:1626 Sheets with composite collagen and laminin had the most similar patterns of Acetylcholine-induced contraction to native intestinal tissue, corresponding to an increased protein expression of choline acetyltransferase. 24929617 9 68 theme most 1541:1544 arg1 patterns 1554:1561 the most similar patterns 1537:1561 the most similar patterns of Acetylcholine-induced contraction to native intestinal tissue 1537:1626 Sheets with composite collagen and laminin had the most similar patterns of Acetylcholine-induced contraction to native intestinal tissue, corresponding to an increased protein expression of choline acetyltransferase. 24929617 7 69 theme heparan 1385:1391 arg1 sulfate 1393:1399 heparan sulfate 1385:1399 heparan sulfate 1385:1399 The differentiation of specific neuronal subtypes was influenced by the ECM microenvironment, namely combinations of collagen I, collagen IV, laminin and/or heparan sulfate. 24929617 4 70 theme muscle 678:683 arg1 component 685:693 The smooth muscle component 667:693 The smooth muscle component of the tissue engineered sheets 667:725 The smooth muscle component of the tissue engineered sheets maintained a contractile phenotype irrespective of the ECM composition, and generated equivalent contractions in response to potassium chloride stimulation, similar to native intestinal tissue. 24929617 10 71 theme nitrergic 1720:1728 arg1 population 1739:1748 An enriched nitrergic neuronal population 1708:1748 An enriched nitrergic neuronal population 1708:1748 An enriched nitrergic neuronal population, evidenced by an increased expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, was obtained in tissue engineered sheets that included collagen IV. 24929617 7 72 theme specific 1251:1258 arg1 subtypes 1269:1276 specific neuronal subtypes 1251:1276 specific neuronal subtypes 1251:1276 The differentiation of specific neuronal subtypes was influenced by the ECM microenvironment, namely combinations of collagen I, collagen IV, laminin and/or heparan sulfate. 24929617 2 73 theme innervated 392:401 arg1 sheets 403:408 tissue engineered innervated sheets 374:408 tissue engineered innervated sheets 374:408 We describe the formation of tissue engineered innervated sheets, where intestinal smooth muscle and enteric neuronal progenitor cells are brought into close association in extracellular matrix (ECM) based microenvironments. 24929617 7 74 theme laminin 1370:1376 arg1 microenvironment 1304:1319 the ECM microenvironment 1296:1319 the ECM microenvironment 1296:1319 The differentiation of specific neuronal subtypes was influenced by the ECM microenvironment, namely combinations of collagen I, collagen IV, laminin and/or heparan sulfate. 24929617 7 74 theme laminin 1370:1376 arg1 combinations 1329:1340 combinations 1329:1340 namely combinations of collagen I, collagen IV, laminin and/or heparan sulfate 1322:1399 The differentiation of specific neuronal subtypes was influenced by the ECM microenvironment, namely combinations of collagen I, collagen IV, laminin and/or heparan sulfate. 24929617 3 75 theme constituent 592:602 arg1 cells 618:622 constituent smooth muscle cells 592:622 constituent smooth muscle cells 592:622 Uniaxial alignment of constituent smooth muscle cells was achieved by substrate microtopography. 24929617 9 76 theme Acetylcholine-induced 1566:1586 arg1 contraction 1588:1598 Acetylcholine-induced contraction 1566:1598 Acetylcholine-induced contraction to native intestinal tissue 1566:1626 Sheets with composite collagen and laminin had the most similar patterns of Acetylcholine-induced contraction to native intestinal tissue, corresponding to an increased protein expression of choline acetyltransferase. 24929617 9 77 contain had 1533:1535 arg1 Sheets 1490:1495 Sheets 1490:1495 Sheets with composite collagen and laminin 1490:1531 Sheets with composite collagen and laminin had the most similar patterns of Acetylcholine-induced contraction to native intestinal tissue, corresponding to an increased protein expression of choline acetyltransferase. 24929617 9 77 contain had 1533:1535 arg2 patterns 1554:1561 the most similar patterns 1537:1561 the most similar patterns of Acetylcholine-induced contraction to native intestinal tissue 1537:1626 Sheets with composite collagen and laminin had the most similar patterns of Acetylcholine-induced contraction to native intestinal tissue, corresponding to an increased protein expression of choline acetyltransferase. 24929617 9 78 theme intestinal 1610:1619 arg1 tissue 1621:1626 native intestinal tissue 1603:1626 native intestinal tissue 1603:1626 Sheets with composite collagen and laminin had the most similar patterns of Acetylcholine-induced contraction to native intestinal tissue, corresponding to an increased protein expression of choline acetyltransferase. 24929617 1 79 theme neural 186:191 arg1 cells 198:202 enteric neural stem cells 178:202 enteric neural stem cells 178:202 Differentiation of enteric neural stem cells into several appropriate neural phenotypes is crucial while considering transplantation as a cellular therapy to treat enteric neuropathies. 24929617 4 80 theme sheets 720:725 arg1 component 685:693 The smooth muscle component 667:693 The smooth muscle component of the tissue engineered sheets 667:725 The smooth muscle component of the tissue engineered sheets maintained a contractile phenotype irrespective of the ECM composition, and generated equivalent contractions in response to potassium chloride stimulation, similar to native intestinal tissue. 24929617 10 81 theme neuronal 1791:1798 arg1 synthase 1813:1820 neuronal nitric oxide synthase 1791:1820 neuronal nitric oxide synthase 1791:1820 An enriched nitrergic neuronal population, evidenced by an increased expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, was obtained in tissue engineered sheets that included collagen IV. 24929617 1 82 theme cells 198:202 arg1 Differentiation 159:173 Differentiation 159:173 Differentiation of enteric neural stem cells into several appropriate neural phenotypes 159:245 Differentiation of enteric neural stem cells into several appropriate neural phenotypes is crucial while considering transplantation as a cellular therapy to treat enteric neuropathies. 24929617 11 83 theme nitric 2010:2015 arg1 synthase 2023:2030 nitric oxide synthase 2010:2030 nitric oxide synthase inhibition 2010:2041 These sheets had a significantly increased magnitude of electrical field stimulated relaxation, sensitive maximally to nitric oxide synthase inhibition. 24929617 0 84 theme smooth 137:142 arg1 muscle 144:149 intestinal smooth muscle 126:149 intestinal smooth muscle sheets 126:156 The influence of extracellular matrix composition on the differentiation of neuronal subtypes in tissue engineered innervated intestinal smooth muscle sheets. 24929617 3 85 theme muscle 611:616 arg1 cells 618:622 constituent smooth muscle cells 592:622 constituent smooth muscle cells 592:622 Uniaxial alignment of constituent smooth muscle cells was achieved by substrate microtopography. 24929617 1 86 theme several 209:215 arg1 phenotypes 236:245 several appropriate neural phenotypes 209:245 several appropriate neural phenotypes 209:245 Differentiation of enteric neural stem cells into several appropriate neural phenotypes is crucial while considering transplantation as a cellular therapy to treat enteric neuropathies. 24929617 5 87 theme viscoelastic 1011:1022 arg1 cues 1024:1027 permissive ECM-based compositional and viscoelastic cues 972:1027 permissive ECM-based compositional and viscoelastic cues 972:1027 We provided enteric neuronal progenitor cells with permissive ECM-based compositional and viscoelastic cues to generate excitatory and inhibitory neuronal subtypes. 24929617 5 88 theme enteric 933:939 arg1 cells 961:965 enteric neuronal progenitor cells 933:965 enteric neuronal progenitor cells 933:965 We provided enteric neuronal progenitor cells with permissive ECM-based compositional and viscoelastic cues to generate excitatory and inhibitory neuronal subtypes. 24929617 12 89 theme motor 2165:2169 arg1 neurons 2171:2177 contractile and relaxant motor neurons 2140:2177 contractile and relaxant motor neurons 2140:2177 Tissue engineered sheets containing laminin and/or heparan sulfate had a balanced expression of contractile and relaxant motor neurons. 24929617 10 90 theme oxide 1807:1811 arg1 synthase 1813:1820 neuronal nitric oxide synthase 1791:1820 neuronal nitric oxide synthase 1791:1820 An enriched nitrergic neuronal population, evidenced by an increased expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, was obtained in tissue engineered sheets that included collagen IV. 24929617 9 91 theme increased 1649:1657 arg1 expression 1667:1676 an increased protein expression 1646:1676 an increased protein expression of choline acetyltransferase 1646:1705 Sheets with composite collagen and laminin had the most similar patterns of Acetylcholine-induced contraction to native intestinal tissue, corresponding to an increased protein expression of choline acetyltransferase. 24929617 4 92 theme ECM 782:784 arg1 composition 786:796 the ECM composition 778:796 the ECM composition 778:796 The smooth muscle component of the tissue engineered sheets maintained a contractile phenotype irrespective of the ECM composition, and generated equivalent contractions in response to potassium chloride stimulation, similar to native intestinal tissue. 24929617 11 93 theme synthase 2023:2030 arg1 inhibition 2032:2041 nitric oxide synthase inhibition 2010:2041 nitric oxide synthase inhibition 2010:2041 These sheets had a significantly increased magnitude of electrical field stimulated relaxation, sensitive maximally to nitric oxide synthase inhibition. 24929617 6 94 theme enteric 1134:1140 arg1 cells 1162:1166 the enteric neuronal progenitor cells 1130:1166 the enteric neuronal progenitor cells 1130:1166 In the presence of the smooth muscle cells, the enteric neuronal progenitor cells differentiated to functionally innervate the smooth muscle. 24929617 8 95 theme neurons 1435:1441 arg1 physiology 1406:1415 The physiology 1402:1415 The physiology of differentiated neurons within tissue engineered sheets 1402:1473 The physiology of differentiated neurons within tissue engineered sheets was evaluated. 24929617 11 96 theme electrical 1947:1956 arg1 relaxation 1975:1984 electrical field stimulated relaxation 1947:1984 electrical field stimulated relaxation 1947:1984 These sheets had a significantly increased magnitude of electrical field stimulated relaxation, sensitive maximally to nitric oxide synthase inhibition. 24929617 7 97 theme collagen 1357:1364 arg1 microenvironment 1304:1319 the ECM microenvironment 1296:1319 the ECM microenvironment 1296:1319 The differentiation of specific neuronal subtypes was influenced by the ECM microenvironment, namely combinations of collagen I, collagen IV, laminin and/or heparan sulfate. 24929617 7 97 theme collagen 1357:1364 arg1 combinations 1329:1340 combinations 1329:1340 namely combinations of collagen I, collagen IV, laminin and/or heparan sulfate 1322:1399 The differentiation of specific neuronal subtypes was influenced by the ECM microenvironment, namely combinations of collagen I, collagen IV, laminin and/or heparan sulfate. 24929617 9 98 theme choline 1681:1687 arg1 acetyltransferase 1689:1705 choline acetyltransferase 1681:1705 choline acetyltransferase 1681:1705 Sheets with composite collagen and laminin had the most similar patterns of Acetylcholine-induced contraction to native intestinal tissue, corresponding to an increased protein expression of choline acetyltransferase. 24929617 5 99 theme ECM-based 983:991 arg1 cues 1024:1027 permissive ECM-based compositional and viscoelastic cues 972:1027 permissive ECM-based compositional and viscoelastic cues 972:1027 We provided enteric neuronal progenitor cells with permissive ECM-based compositional and viscoelastic cues to generate excitatory and inhibitory neuronal subtypes. 24929617 0 100 theme subtypes 85:92 arg1 differentiation 57:71 the differentiation 53:71 the differentiation of neuronal subtypes in tissue engineered 53:113 The influence of extracellular matrix composition on the differentiation of neuronal subtypes in tissue engineered innervated intestinal smooth muscle sheets. 24929617 12 101 theme contractile 2140:2150 arg1 neurons 2171:2177 contractile and relaxant motor neurons 2140:2177 contractile and relaxant motor neurons 2140:2177 Tissue engineered sheets containing laminin and/or heparan sulfate had a balanced expression of contractile and relaxant motor neurons. 24929617 6 102 theme muscle 1116:1121 arg1 cells 1123:1127 the smooth muscle cells 1105:1127 the smooth muscle cells 1105:1127 In the presence of the smooth muscle cells, the enteric neuronal progenitor cells differentiated to functionally innervate the smooth muscle. 24929617 0 103 from influence 4:12 arg1 differentiation 57:71 the differentiation 53:71 the differentiation of neuronal subtypes in tissue engineered 53:113 The influence of extracellular matrix composition on the differentiation of neuronal subtypes in tissue engineered innervated intestinal smooth muscle sheets. 24929617 12 104 theme relaxant 2156:2163 arg1 neurons 2171:2177 contractile and relaxant motor neurons 2140:2177 contractile and relaxant motor neurons 2140:2177 Tissue engineered sheets containing laminin and/or heparan sulfate had a balanced expression of contractile and relaxant motor neurons. 24929617 2 105 from association 503:513 arg1 microenvironments 551:567 extracellular matrix (ECM) based microenvironments 518:567 extracellular matrix (ECM) based microenvironments 518:567 We describe the formation of tissue engineered innervated sheets, where intestinal smooth muscle and enteric neuronal progenitor cells are brought into close association in extracellular matrix (ECM) based microenvironments. 24929617 14 106 theme neurons 2355:2361 arg1 populations 2323:2333 enriched populations 2314:2333 enriched populations of specific enteric neurons in vitro prior to transplantation 2314:2395 This observation could be utilized to derive enriched populations of specific enteric neurons in vitro prior to transplantation. 24929617 11 107 theme stimulated 1964:1973 arg1 relaxation 1975:1984 electrical field stimulated relaxation 1947:1984 electrical field stimulated relaxation 1947:1984 These sheets had a significantly increased magnitude of electrical field stimulated relaxation, sensitive maximally to nitric oxide synthase inhibition. 24929617 2 108 theme based 545:549 arg1 microenvironments 551:567 extracellular matrix (ECM) based microenvironments 518:567 extracellular matrix (ECM) based microenvironments 518:567 We describe the formation of tissue engineered innervated sheets, where intestinal smooth muscle and enteric neuronal progenitor cells are brought into close association in extracellular matrix (ECM) based microenvironments. 24929617 14 109 theme specific 2338:2345 arg1 neurons 2355:2361 specific enteric neurons 2338:2361 specific enteric neurons in vitro prior to transplantation 2338:2395 This observation could be utilized to derive enriched populations of specific enteric neurons in vitro prior to transplantation. 24929617 4 110 theme potassium 852:860 arg1 chloride 862:869 potassium chloride 852:869 potassium chloride stimulation 852:881 The smooth muscle component of the tissue engineered sheets maintained a contractile phenotype irrespective of the ECM composition, and generated equivalent contractions in response to potassium chloride stimulation, similar to native intestinal tissue. 24929617 2 111 theme smooth 428:433 arg1 muscle 435:440 intestinal smooth muscle 417:440 intestinal smooth muscle 417:440 We describe the formation of tissue engineered innervated sheets, where intestinal smooth muscle and enteric neuronal progenitor cells are brought into close association in extracellular matrix (ECM) based microenvironments. 24929617 4 112 from contractions 824:835 arg1 response 840:847 response 840:847 response to potassium chloride stimulation, similar to native intestinal tissue 840:918 The smooth muscle component of the tissue engineered sheets maintained a contractile phenotype irrespective of the ECM composition, and generated equivalent contractions in response to potassium chloride stimulation, similar to native intestinal tissue. 24929617 0 113 theme extracellular 17:29 arg1 composition 38:48 extracellular matrix composition 17:48 extracellular matrix composition 17:48 The influence of extracellular matrix composition on the differentiation of neuronal subtypes in tissue engineered innervated intestinal smooth muscle sheets. 24929617 5 114 theme neuronal 1067:1074 arg1 subtypes 1076:1083 excitatory and inhibitory neuronal subtypes 1041:1083 excitatory and inhibitory neuronal subtypes 1041:1083 We provided enteric neuronal progenitor cells with permissive ECM-based compositional and viscoelastic cues to generate excitatory and inhibitory neuronal subtypes. 24929617 2 115 theme neuronal 454:461 arg1 cells 474:478 enteric neuronal progenitor cells 446:478 enteric neuronal progenitor cells 446:478 We describe the formation of tissue engineered innervated sheets, where intestinal smooth muscle and enteric neuronal progenitor cells are brought into close association in extracellular matrix (ECM) based microenvironments. 24929617 0 116 theme composition 38:48 arg1 influence 4:12 The influence 0:12 The influence of extracellular matrix composition on the differentiation of neuronal subtypes in tissue engineered 0:113 The influence of extracellular matrix composition on the differentiation of neuronal subtypes in tissue engineered innervated intestinal smooth muscle sheets. 24929617 1 117 theme enteric 323:329 arg1 neuropathies 331:342 enteric neuropathies 323:342 enteric neuropathies 323:342 Differentiation of enteric neural stem cells into several appropriate neural phenotypes is crucial while considering transplantation as a cellular therapy to treat enteric neuropathies. 24929617 1 118 theme neural 229:234 arg1 phenotypes 236:245 several appropriate neural phenotypes 209:245 several appropriate neural phenotypes 209:245 Differentiation of enteric neural stem cells into several appropriate neural phenotypes is crucial while considering transplantation as a cellular therapy to treat enteric neuropathies. 24929617 4 119 dep engineered 709:718 arg1 tissue 702:707 tissue 702:707 tissue 702:707 The smooth muscle component of the tissue engineered sheets maintained a contractile phenotype irrespective of the ECM composition, and generated equivalent contractions in response to potassium chloride stimulation, similar to native intestinal tissue. 24929617 6 120 theme progenitor 1151:1160 arg1 cells 1162:1166 the enteric neuronal progenitor cells 1130:1166 the enteric neuronal progenitor cells 1130:1166 In the presence of the smooth muscle cells, the enteric neuronal progenitor cells differentiated to functionally innervate the smooth muscle. 24929617 4 121 theme native 895:900 arg1 tissue 913:918 native intestinal tissue 895:918 native intestinal tissue 895:918 The smooth muscle component of the tissue engineered sheets maintained a contractile phenotype irrespective of the ECM composition, and generated equivalent contractions in response to potassium chloride stimulation, similar to native intestinal tissue. 24929617 10 122 theme engineered 1846:1855 arg1 sheets 1857:1862 tissue engineered sheets 1839:1862 tissue engineered sheets that included collagen IV 1839:1888 An enriched nitrergic neuronal population, evidenced by an increased expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, was obtained in tissue engineered sheets that included collagen IV. 24929617 7 123 theme subtypes 1269:1276 arg1 differentiation 1232:1246 The differentiation 1228:1246 The differentiation of specific neuronal subtypes 1228:1276 The differentiation of specific neuronal subtypes was influenced by the ECM microenvironment, namely combinations of collagen I, collagen IV, laminin and/or heparan sulfate. 24929617 12 124 theme engineered 2051:2060 arg1 sheets 2062:2067 Tissue engineered sheets 2044:2067 Tissue engineered sheets containing laminin and/or heparan sulfate 2044:2109 Tissue engineered sheets containing laminin and/or heparan sulfate had a balanced expression of contractile and relaxant motor neurons. 24929617 8 125 dep engineered 1457:1466 arg1 tissue 1450:1455 tissue 1450:1455 tissue 1450:1455 The physiology of differentiated neurons within tissue engineered sheets was evaluated. 24929617 2 126 theme close 497:501 arg1 association 503:513 close association 497:513 close association in extracellular matrix (ECM) based microenvironments 497:567 We describe the formation of tissue engineered innervated sheets, where intestinal smooth muscle and enteric neuronal progenitor cells are brought into close association in extracellular matrix (ECM) based microenvironments. 24929617 12 127 contain containing 2069:2078 arg1 sheets 2062:2067 Tissue engineered sheets 2044:2067 Tissue engineered sheets containing laminin and/or heparan sulfate 2044:2109 Tissue engineered sheets containing laminin and/or heparan sulfate had a balanced expression of contractile and relaxant motor neurons. 24929617 12 127 contain containing 2069:2078 arg2 sulfate 2103:2109 heparan sulfate 2095:2109 heparan sulfate 2095:2109 Tissue engineered sheets containing laminin and/or heparan sulfate had a balanced expression of contractile and relaxant motor neurons. 24929617 12 127 contain containing 2069:2078 arg2 laminin 2080:2086 laminin 2080:2086 laminin 2080:2086 Tissue engineered sheets containing laminin and/or heparan sulfate had a balanced expression of contractile and relaxant motor neurons. 24929617 7 128 theme sulfate 1393:1399 arg1 microenvironment 1304:1319 the ECM microenvironment 1296:1319 the ECM microenvironment 1296:1319 The differentiation of specific neuronal subtypes was influenced by the ECM microenvironment, namely combinations of collagen I, collagen IV, laminin and/or heparan sulfate. 24929617 7 128 theme sulfate 1393:1399 arg1 combinations 1329:1340 combinations 1329:1340 namely combinations of collagen I, collagen IV, laminin and/or heparan sulfate 1322:1399 The differentiation of specific neuronal subtypes was influenced by the ECM microenvironment, namely combinations of collagen I, collagen IV, laminin and/or heparan sulfate. 24929617 4 129 theme smooth 671:676 arg1 component 685:693 The smooth muscle component 667:693 The smooth muscle component of the tissue engineered sheets 667:725 The smooth muscle component of the tissue engineered sheets maintained a contractile phenotype irrespective of the ECM composition, and generated equivalent contractions in response to potassium chloride stimulation, similar to native intestinal tissue. 24929617 2 130 theme sheets 403:408 arg1 formation 361:369 the formation 357:369 the formation of tissue engineered innervated sheets, where intestinal smooth muscle and enteric neuronal progenitor cells are brought into close association in extracellular matrix (ECM) based microenvironments 357:567 We describe the formation of tissue engineered innervated sheets, where intestinal smooth muscle and enteric neuronal progenitor cells are brought into close association in extracellular matrix (ECM) based microenvironments. 24929617 10 131 theme neuronal 1730:1737 arg1 population 1739:1748 An enriched nitrergic neuronal population 1708:1748 An enriched nitrergic neuronal population 1708:1748 An enriched nitrergic neuronal population, evidenced by an increased expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, was obtained in tissue engineered sheets that included collagen IV. 24929617 4 132 theme similar 884:890 arg1 stimulation 871:881 potassium chloride stimulation 852:881 potassium chloride stimulation 852:881 The smooth muscle component of the tissue engineered sheets maintained a contractile phenotype irrespective of the ECM composition, and generated equivalent contractions in response to potassium chloride stimulation, similar to native intestinal tissue. 24929617 3 133 theme Uniaxial 570:577 arg1 alignment 579:587 Uniaxial alignment 570:587 Uniaxial alignment of constituent smooth muscle cells 570:622 Uniaxial alignment of constituent smooth muscle cells was achieved by substrate microtopography. 24929617 9 134 theme similar 1546:1552 arg1 patterns 1554:1561 the most similar patterns 1537:1561 the most similar patterns of Acetylcholine-induced contraction to native intestinal tissue 1537:1626 Sheets with composite collagen and laminin had the most similar patterns of Acetylcholine-induced contraction to native intestinal tissue, corresponding to an increased protein expression of choline acetyltransferase. 29111590 7 0 theme composite 1056:1064 arg1 films 1066:1070 The mechanical improvement and stability of composite films 1012:1070 films 1066:1070 The mechanical improvement and stability of composite films with the incorporation of plasticizers were further investigated. 29111590 10 1 theme moisture 1395:1402 arg1 properties 1415:1424 moisture protective properties 1395:1424 moisture protective properties 1395:1424 The stability of pectin in terms of moisture protective properties could, therefore, be modified through the fabrication of composite films with hydrophobic polymers, that is, shellac and the addition of proper plasticizers to enhance mechanical properties, which could offer wide applications for edible film in food, agro, and pharmaceutical industries. 29111590 2 2 theme casting 331:337 arg1 method 339:344 A film casting method 324:344 A film casting method 324:344 A film casting method was applied to prepare a free film. 29111590 7 3 with films 1066:1070 arg1 incorporation 1081:1093 the incorporation 1077:1093 the incorporation of plasticizers 1077:1109 The mechanical improvement and stability of composite films with the incorporation of plasticizers were further investigated. 29111590 10 4 theme proper 1563:1568 arg1 plasticizers 1570:1581 proper plasticizers 1563:1581 proper plasticizers 1563:1581 The stability of pectin in terms of moisture protective properties could, therefore, be modified through the fabrication of composite films with hydrophobic polymers, that is, shellac and the addition of proper plasticizers to enhance mechanical properties, which could offer wide applications for edible film in food, agro, and pharmaceutical industries. 29111590 11 5 dep APPLICATION 1725:1735 arg1 film 1751:1754 The composite film 1737:1754 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The composite film with 50% shellac 1715:1771 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The composite film with 50% shellac could improve moisture protective properties of pectin film. 29111590 7 6 theme mechanical 1016:1025 arg1 improvement 1027:1037 The mechanical improvement and stability of composite films 1012:1070 improvement 1027:1037 The mechanical improvement and stability of composite films with the incorporation of plasticizers were further investigated. 29111590 13 7 theme pectin 1940:1945 arg1 Stability 1927:1935 Stability 1927:1935 Stability of pectin 1927:1945 Stability of pectin could be modified by fabrication of composite films with proper content of shellac and plasticizer. 29111590 8 8 used used 1215:1218 arg2 % 1208:1208 Polyethylene glycol 400 and diethyl phthalate at a concentration of 10% 1138:1208 Polyethylene glycol 400 and diethyl phthalate at a concentration of 10% 1138:1208 Polyethylene glycol 400 and diethyl phthalate at a concentration of 10% were used. 29111590 5 9 theme protection 815:824 arg1 terms 797:801 terms 797:801 terms of moisture protection 797:824 The single and composite films were then study for their stability at 40 °C and 75% RH for 90 d. Among the concentrations of shellac, 50% (w/w) could improve stability in terms of moisture protection after 90 d of storage, whereas lower concentrations of shellac (10% to 40%) could not achieve this. 29111590 10 10 theme mechanical 1594:1603 arg1 properties 1605:1614 mechanical properties 1594:1614 mechanical properties 1594:1614 The stability of pectin in terms of moisture protective properties could, therefore, be modified through the fabrication of composite films with hydrophobic polymers, that is, shellac and the addition of proper plasticizers to enhance mechanical properties, which could offer wide applications for edible film in food, agro, and pharmaceutical industries. 29111590 11 11 theme protective 1796:1805 arg1 properties 1807:1816 moisture protective properties 1787:1816 moisture protective properties of pectin film 1787:1831 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The composite film with 50% shellac could improve moisture protective properties of pectin film. 29111590 10 12 theme properties 1415:1424 arg1 terms 1386:1390 terms 1386:1390 terms of moisture protective properties 1386:1424 The stability of pectin in terms of moisture protective properties could, therefore, be modified through the fabrication of composite films with hydrophobic polymers, that is, shellac and the addition of proper plasticizers to enhance mechanical properties, which could offer wide applications for edible film in food, agro, and pharmaceutical industries. 29111590 8 13 theme glycol 400 and diethyl 1151:1172 arg1 % 1208:1208 Polyethylene glycol 400 and diethyl phthalate at a concentration of 10% 1138:1208 Polyethylene glycol 400 and diethyl phthalate at a concentration of 10% 1138:1208 Polyethylene glycol 400 and diethyl phthalate at a concentration of 10% were used. 29111590 5 14 theme 75 706:707 arg1 % 708:708 % 708:708 % 708:708 The single and composite films were then study for their stability at 40 °C and 75% RH for 90 d. Among the concentrations of shellac, 50% (w/w) could improve stability in terms of moisture protection after 90 d of storage, whereas lower concentrations of shellac (10% to 40%) could not achieve this. 29111590 8 15 theme concentration of 1189:1204 arg1 % 1208:1208 Polyethylene glycol 400 and diethyl phthalate at a concentration of 10% 1138:1208 Polyethylene glycol 400 and diethyl phthalate at a concentration of 10% 1138:1208 Polyethylene glycol 400 and diethyl phthalate at a concentration of 10% were used. 29111590 11 16 theme film 1828:1831 arg1 properties 1807:1816 moisture protective properties 1787:1816 moisture protective properties of pectin film 1787:1831 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The composite film with 50% shellac could improve moisture protective properties of pectin film. 29111590 0 17 theme Shellac 120:126 arg1 Effects 109:115 Effects 109:115 Enhancement of Moisture Protective Properties and Stability of Pectin through Formation of a Composite Film: Effects of Shellac and Plasticizer. 0:143 Enhancement of Moisture Protective Properties and Stability of Pectin through Formation of a Composite Film: Effects of Shellac and Plasticizer. 29111590 1 18 theme high 194:197 arg1 ability 219:225 the high moisture protective ability 190:225 the high moisture protective ability 190:225 The aim of this investigation was to develop the high moisture protective ability and stable pectin through the design of composite films based on varying shellac concentrations. 29111590 5 19 dep % 899:899 arg1 to 894:895 to 894:895 to 894:895 The single and composite films were then study for their stability at 40 °C and 75% RH for 90 d. Among the concentrations of shellac, 50% (w/w) could improve stability in terms of moisture protection after 90 d of storage, whereas lower concentrations of shellac (10% to 40%) could not achieve this. 29111590 0 20 theme Plasticizer 132:142 arg1 Effects 109:115 Effects 109:115 Enhancement of Moisture Protective Properties and Stability of Pectin through Formation of a Composite Film: Effects of Shellac and Plasticizer. 0:143 Enhancement of Moisture Protective Properties and Stability of Pectin through Formation of a Composite Film: Effects of Shellac and Plasticizer. 29111590 5 21 theme lower 857:861 arg1 concentrations 863:876 lower concentrations 857:876 lower concentrations of shellac (10% to 40%) 857:900 The single and composite films were then study for their stability at 40 °C and 75% RH for 90 d. Among the concentrations of shellac, 50% (w/w) could improve stability in terms of moisture protection after 90 d of storage, whereas lower concentrations of shellac (10% to 40%) could not achieve this. 29111590 10 22 with films 1493:1497 arg1 polymers 1516:1523 hydrophobic polymers 1504:1523 hydrophobic polymers 1504:1523 The stability of pectin in terms of moisture protective properties could, therefore, be modified through the fabrication of composite films with hydrophobic polymers, that is, shellac and the addition of proper plasticizers to enhance mechanical properties, which could offer wide applications for edible film in food, agro, and pharmaceutical industries. 29111590 0 23 theme Pectin 63:68 arg1 Stability 50:58 Stability 50:58 Stability of Pectin 50:68 Enhancement of Moisture Protective Properties and Stability of Pectin through Formation of a Composite Film: Effects of Shellac and Plasticizer. 29111590 0 23 theme Pectin 63:68 arg1 Properties 35:44 Moisture Protective Properties 15:44 Moisture Protective Properties 15:44 Enhancement of Moisture Protective Properties and Stability of Pectin through Formation of a Composite Film: Effects of Shellac and Plasticizer. 29111590 7 24 theme plasticizers 1098:1109 arg1 incorporation 1081:1093 the incorporation 1077:1093 the incorporation of plasticizers 1077:1109 The mechanical improvement and stability of composite films with the incorporation of plasticizers were further investigated. 29111590 4 25 theme composite 483:491 arg1 films 493:497 the composite films 479:497 the composite films 479:497 The findings was the composite films exhibited the reductions in the hydrophilicity, water vapor permeability, and the moisture content compared with pectin films. 29111590 5 26 theme shellac 751:757 arg1 concentrations 733:746 the concentrations 729:746 the concentrations of shellac 729:757 The single and composite films were then study for their stability at 40 °C and 75% RH for 90 d. Among the concentrations of shellac, 50% (w/w) could improve stability in terms of moisture protection after 90 d of storage, whereas lower concentrations of shellac (10% to 40%) could not achieve this. 29111590 12 27 theme film 1921:1924 arg1 characteristics 1892:1906 the higher mechanical characteristics 1870:1906 the higher mechanical characteristics of composite film 1870:1924 Adding a plasticizer could build up the higher mechanical characteristics of composite film. 29111590 11 28 theme 50 1761:1762 arg1 % 1763:1763 % 1763:1763 % 1763:1763 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The composite film with 50% shellac could improve moisture protective properties of pectin film. 29111590 2 29 theme free 371:374 arg1 film 376:379 a free film 369:379 a free film 369:379 A film casting method was applied to prepare a free film. 29111590 0 30 theme Film 103:106 arg1 Formation 78:86 Formation 78:86 Formation of a Composite Film 78:106 Enhancement of Moisture Protective Properties and Stability of Pectin through Formation of a Composite Film: Effects of Shellac and Plasticizer. 29111590 9 31 theme slight 1321:1326 arg1 effect 1328:1333 a slight effect 1319:1333 a slight effect 1319:1333 The results indicated that both plasticizers could enhance the mechanical characteristics and had a slight effect on moisture protection. 29111590 12 32 theme mechanical 1881:1890 arg1 characteristics 1892:1906 the higher mechanical characteristics 1870:1906 the higher mechanical characteristics of composite film 1870:1924 Adding a plasticizer could build up the higher mechanical characteristics of composite film. 29111590 6 33 theme weaker 982:987 arg1 properties 1000:1009 weaker mechanical properties 982:1009 weaker mechanical properties 982:1009 However, the higher shellac content also contributed to weaker mechanical properties. 29111590 3 34 theme protective 395:404 arg1 properties 406:415 The moisture protective properties 382:415 The moisture protective properties 382:415 The moisture protective properties and mechanical properties were investigated. 29111590 4 35 theme water 547:551 arg1 permeability 559:570 water vapor permeability 547:570 water vapor permeability 547:570 The findings was the composite films exhibited the reductions in the hydrophilicity, water vapor permeability, and the moisture content compared with pectin films. 29111590 10 36 theme hydrophobic 1504:1514 arg1 polymers 1516:1523 hydrophobic polymers 1504:1523 hydrophobic polymers 1504:1523 The stability of pectin in terms of moisture protective properties could, therefore, be modified through the fabrication of composite films with hydrophobic polymers, that is, shellac and the addition of proper plasticizers to enhance mechanical properties, which could offer wide applications for edible film in food, agro, and pharmaceutical industries. 29111590 0 37 theme Moisture 15:22 arg1 Properties 35:44 Moisture Protective Properties 15:44 Moisture Protective Properties 15:44 Enhancement of Moisture Protective Properties and Stability of Pectin through Formation of a Composite Film: Effects of Shellac and Plasticizer. 29111590 1 38 theme composite 267:275 arg1 films 277:281 composite films 267:281 composite films based on varying shellac concentrations 267:321 The aim of this investigation was to develop the high moisture protective ability and stable pectin through the design of composite films based on varying shellac concentrations. 29111590 5 39 theme % 892:892 arg1 shellac 881:887 shellac 881:887 shellac (10% to 40%) 881:900 The single and composite films were then study for their stability at 40 °C and 75% RH for 90 d. Among the concentrations of shellac, 50% (w/w) could improve stability in terms of moisture protection after 90 d of storage, whereas lower concentrations of shellac (10% to 40%) could not achieve this. 29111590 5 39 theme % 892:892 arg1 % 899:899 10% to 40% 890:899 10% to 40% 890:899 The single and composite films were then study for their stability at 40 °C and 75% RH for 90 d. Among the concentrations of shellac, 50% (w/w) could improve stability in terms of moisture protection after 90 d of storage, whereas lower concentrations of shellac (10% to 40%) could not achieve this. 29111590 10 40 theme films 1493:1497 arg1 fabrication 1468:1478 the fabrication 1464:1478 the fabrication of composite films with hydrophobic polymers, that is, shellac and the addition of proper plasticizers to enhance mechanical properties, which could offer wide applications for edible film in food, agro, and pharmaceutical industries 1464:1712 The stability of pectin in terms of moisture protective properties could, therefore, be modified through the fabrication of composite films with hydrophobic polymers, that is, shellac and the addition of proper plasticizers to enhance mechanical properties, which could offer wide applications for edible film in food, agro, and pharmaceutical industries. 29111590 6 41 theme shellac 946:952 arg1 content 954:960 the higher shellac content 935:960 the higher shellac content 935:960 However, the higher shellac content also contributed to weaker mechanical properties. 29111590 9 42 contain had 1315:1317 arg2 effect 1328:1333 a slight effect 1319:1333 a slight effect 1319:1333 The results indicated that both plasticizers could enhance the mechanical characteristics and had a slight effect on moisture protection. 29111590 9 42 contain had 1315:1317 arg1 both 1248:1251 both 1248:1251 both 1248:1251 The results indicated that both plasticizers could enhance the mechanical characteristics and had a slight effect on moisture protection. 29111590 0 43 theme Properties 35:44 arg1 Enhancement 0:10 Enhancement 0:10 Enhancement of Moisture Protective Properties and Stability of Pectin through Formation of a Composite Film: Effects of Shellac and Plasticizer. 0:143 Enhancement of Moisture Protective Properties and Stability of Pectin through Formation of a Composite Film: Effects of Shellac and Plasticizer. 29111590 3 44 theme moisture 386:393 arg1 properties 406:415 The moisture protective properties 382:415 The moisture protective properties 382:415 The moisture protective properties and mechanical properties were investigated. 29111590 6 45 theme higher 939:944 arg1 content 954:960 the higher shellac content 935:960 the higher shellac content 935:960 However, the higher shellac content also contributed to weaker mechanical properties. 29111590 4 46 theme reductions in 513:525 arg1 hydrophilicity 531:544 the hydrophilicity 527:544 the reductions in the hydrophilicity 509:544 The findings was the composite films exhibited the reductions in the hydrophilicity, water vapor permeability, and the moisture content compared with pectin films. 29111590 13 47 mod modified 1956:1963 arg1 Stability 1927:1935 Stability 1927:1935 Stability of pectin 1927:1945 Stability of pectin could be modified by fabrication of composite films with proper content of shellac and plasticizer. 29111590 13 47 mod modified 1956:1963 arg3 fabrication 1968:1978 fabrication 1968:1978 fabrication of composite films with proper content of shellac and plasticizer 1968:2044 Stability of pectin could be modified by fabrication of composite films with proper content of shellac and plasticizer. 29111590 13 48 theme shellac 2022:2028 arg1 content 2011:2017 proper content 2004:2017 proper content of shellac and plasticizer 2004:2044 Stability of pectin could be modified by fabrication of composite films with proper content of shellac and plasticizer. 29111590 10 49 theme pharmaceutical 1688:1701 arg1 industries 1703:1712 pharmaceutical industries 1688:1712 pharmaceutical industries 1688:1712 The stability of pectin in terms of moisture protective properties could, therefore, be modified through the fabrication of composite films with hydrophobic polymers, that is, shellac and the addition of proper plasticizers to enhance mechanical properties, which could offer wide applications for edible film in food, agro, and pharmaceutical industries. 29111590 0 50 theme Stability 50:58 arg1 Enhancement 0:10 Enhancement 0:10 Enhancement of Moisture Protective Properties and Stability of Pectin through Formation of a Composite Film: Effects of Shellac and Plasticizer. 0:143 Enhancement of Moisture Protective Properties and Stability of Pectin through Formation of a Composite Film: Effects of Shellac and Plasticizer. 29111590 1 51 theme varying 292:298 arg1 concentrations 308:321 varying shellac concentrations 292:321 varying shellac concentrations 292:321 The aim of this investigation was to develop the high moisture protective ability and stable pectin through the design of composite films based on varying shellac concentrations. 29111590 13 52 with fabrication 1968:1978 arg1 content 2011:2017 proper content 2004:2017 proper content of shellac and plasticizer 2004:2044 Stability of pectin could be modified by fabrication of composite films with proper content of shellac and plasticizer. 29111590 13 53 theme plasticizer 2034:2044 arg1 content 2011:2017 proper content 2004:2017 proper content of shellac and plasticizer 2004:2044 Stability of pectin could be modified by fabrication of composite films with proper content of shellac and plasticizer. 29111590 1 54 theme moisture 199:206 arg1 ability 219:225 the high moisture protective ability 190:225 the high moisture protective ability 190:225 The aim of this investigation was to develop the high moisture protective ability and stable pectin through the design of composite films based on varying shellac concentrations. 29111590 0 55 dep Enhancement 0:10 arg1 Effects 109:115 Effects 109:115 Enhancement of Moisture Protective Properties and Stability of Pectin through Formation of a Composite Film: Effects of Shellac and Plasticizer. 0:143 Enhancement of Moisture Protective Properties and Stability of Pectin through Formation of a Composite Film: Effects of Shellac and Plasticizer. 29111590 7 56 theme stability of 1043:1054 arg1 films 1066:1070 The mechanical improvement and stability of composite films 1012:1070 films 1066:1070 The mechanical improvement and stability of composite films with the incorporation of plasticizers were further investigated. 29111590 1 57 theme stable 231:236 arg1 pectin 238:243 stable pectin 231:243 stable pectin 231:243 The aim of this investigation was to develop the high moisture protective ability and stable pectin through the design of composite films based on varying shellac concentrations. 29111590 5 58 dep improve 776:782 arg1 whereas 849:855 whereas 849:855 whereas 849:855 The single and composite films were then study for their stability at 40 °C and 75% RH for 90 d. Among the concentrations of shellac, 50% (w/w) could improve stability in terms of moisture protection after 90 d of storage, whereas lower concentrations of shellac (10% to 40%) could not achieve this. 29111590 10 59 theme plasticizers 1570:1581 arg1 shellac 1535:1541 shellac 1535:1541 shellac 1535:1541 The stability of pectin in terms of moisture protective properties could, therefore, be modified through the fabrication of composite films with hydrophobic polymers, that is, shellac and the addition of proper plasticizers to enhance mechanical properties, which could offer wide applications for edible film in food, agro, and pharmaceutical industries. 29111590 10 59 theme plasticizers 1570:1581 arg1 addition 1551:1558 the addition 1547:1558 the addition of proper plasticizers to enhance mechanical properties, which could offer wide applications for edible film in food, agro, and pharmaceutical industries 1547:1712 The stability of pectin in terms of moisture protective properties could, therefore, be modified through the fabrication of composite films with hydrophobic polymers, that is, shellac and the addition of proper plasticizers to enhance mechanical properties, which could offer wide applications for edible film in food, agro, and pharmaceutical industries. 29111590 4 60 theme moisture 581:588 arg1 content 590:596 the moisture content 577:596 the moisture content 577:596 The findings was the composite films exhibited the reductions in the hydrophilicity, water vapor permeability, and the moisture content compared with pectin films. 29111590 2 61 theme film 326:329 arg1 method 339:344 A film casting method 324:344 A film casting method 324:344 A film casting method was applied to prepare a free film. 29111590 13 62 theme composite 1983:1991 arg1 films 1993:1997 composite films 1983:1997 composite films 1983:1997 Stability of pectin could be modified by fabrication of composite films with proper content of shellac and plasticizer. 29111590 5 63 theme moisture 806:813 arg1 protection 815:824 moisture protection 806:824 moisture protection 806:824 The single and composite films were then study for their stability at 40 °C and 75% RH for 90 d. Among the concentrations of shellac, 50% (w/w) could improve stability in terms of moisture protection after 90 d of storage, whereas lower concentrations of shellac (10% to 40%) could not achieve this. 29111590 11 64 with APPLICATION 1725:1735 arg1 shellac 1765:1771 50% shellac 1761:1771 50% shellac 1761:1771 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The composite film with 50% shellac could improve moisture protective properties of pectin film. 29111590 1 65 theme investigation 161:173 arg1 aim 149:151 The aim 145:151 The aim of this investigation 145:173 The aim of this investigation was to develop the high moisture protective ability and stable pectin through the design of composite films based on varying shellac concentrations. 29111590 10 66 theme protective 1404:1413 arg1 properties 1415:1424 moisture protective properties 1395:1424 moisture protective properties 1395:1424 The stability of pectin in terms of moisture protective properties could, therefore, be modified through the fabrication of composite films with hydrophobic polymers, that is, shellac and the addition of proper plasticizers to enhance mechanical properties, which could offer wide applications for edible film in food, agro, and pharmaceutical industries. 29111590 8 67 theme Polyethylene 1138:1149 arg1 % 1208:1208 Polyethylene glycol 400 and diethyl phthalate at a concentration of 10% 1138:1208 Polyethylene glycol 400 and diethyl phthalate at a concentration of 10% 1138:1208 Polyethylene glycol 400 and diethyl phthalate at a concentration of 10% were used. 29111590 11 68 theme moisture 1787:1794 arg1 properties 1807:1816 moisture protective properties 1787:1816 moisture protective properties of pectin film 1787:1831 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The composite film with 50% shellac could improve moisture protective properties of pectin film. 29111590 5 69 theme % 708:708 arg1 RH 710:711 75% RH 706:711 75% RH for 90 d. 706:721 The single and composite films were then study for their stability at 40 °C and 75% RH for 90 d. Among the concentrations of shellac, 50% (w/w) could improve stability in terms of moisture protection after 90 d of storage, whereas lower concentrations of shellac (10% to 40%) could not achieve this. 29111590 8 70 theme phthalate at a 1174:1187 arg1 % 1208:1208 Polyethylene glycol 400 and diethyl phthalate at a concentration of 10% 1138:1208 Polyethylene glycol 400 and diethyl phthalate at a concentration of 10% 1138:1208 Polyethylene glycol 400 and diethyl phthalate at a concentration of 10% were used. 29111590 11 71 theme pectin 1821:1826 arg1 film 1828:1831 pectin film 1821:1831 pectin film 1821:1831 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The composite film with 50% shellac could improve moisture protective properties of pectin film. 29111590 11 72 theme composite 1741:1749 arg1 film 1751:1754 The composite film 1737:1754 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The composite film with 50% shellac 1715:1771 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The composite film with 50% shellac could improve moisture protective properties of pectin film. 29111590 5 73 theme storage 840:846 arg1 d 835:835 90 d 832:835 90 d of storage 832:846 The single and composite films were then study for their stability at 40 °C and 75% RH for 90 d. Among the concentrations of shellac, 50% (w/w) could improve stability in terms of moisture protection after 90 d of storage, whereas lower concentrations of shellac (10% to 40%) could not achieve this. 29111590 0 74 theme Composite 93:101 arg1 Film 103:106 a Composite Film 91:106 a Composite Film 91:106 Enhancement of Moisture Protective Properties and Stability of Pectin through Formation of a Composite Film: Effects of Shellac and Plasticizer. 29111590 13 75 theme films 1993:1997 arg1 fabrication 1968:1978 fabrication 1968:1978 fabrication of composite films with proper content of shellac and plasticizer 1968:2044 Stability of pectin could be modified by fabrication of composite films with proper content of shellac and plasticizer. 29111590 11 76 theme % 1763:1763 arg1 shellac 1765:1771 50% shellac 1761:1771 50% shellac 1761:1771 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The composite film with 50% shellac could improve moisture protective properties of pectin film. 29111590 6 77 theme mechanical 989:998 arg1 properties 1000:1009 weaker mechanical properties 982:1009 weaker mechanical properties 982:1009 However, the higher shellac content also contributed to weaker mechanical properties. 29111590 1 78 theme protective 208:217 arg1 ability 219:225 the high moisture protective ability 190:225 the high moisture protective ability 190:225 The aim of this investigation was to develop the high moisture protective ability and stable pectin through the design of composite films based on varying shellac concentrations. 29111590 3 79 theme mechanical 421:430 arg1 properties 432:441 mechanical properties 421:441 mechanical properties 421:441 The moisture protective properties and mechanical properties were investigated. 29111590 12 80 theme composite 1911:1919 arg1 film 1921:1924 composite film 1911:1924 composite film 1911:1924 Adding a plasticizer could build up the higher mechanical characteristics of composite film. 29111590 5 81 theme shellac 881:887 arg1 concentrations 863:876 lower concentrations 857:876 lower concentrations of shellac (10% to 40%) 857:900 The single and composite films were then study for their stability at 40 °C and 75% RH for 90 d. Among the concentrations of shellac, 50% (w/w) could improve stability in terms of moisture protection after 90 d of storage, whereas lower concentrations of shellac (10% to 40%) could not achieve this. 29111590 4 82 theme vapor 553:557 arg1 permeability 559:570 water vapor permeability 547:570 water vapor permeability 547:570 The findings was the composite films exhibited the reductions in the hydrophilicity, water vapor permeability, and the moisture content compared with pectin films. 29111590 10 83 theme wide 1635:1638 arg1 applications 1640:1651 wide applications 1635:1651 wide applications for edible film 1635:1667 The stability of pectin in terms of moisture protective properties could, therefore, be modified through the fabrication of composite films with hydrophobic polymers, that is, shellac and the addition of proper plasticizers to enhance mechanical properties, which could offer wide applications for edible film in food, agro, and pharmaceutical industries. 29111590 0 84 theme Protective 24:33 arg1 Properties 35:44 Moisture Protective Properties 15:44 Moisture Protective Properties 15:44 Enhancement of Moisture Protective Properties and Stability of Pectin through Formation of a Composite Film: Effects of Shellac and Plasticizer. 29111590 9 85 theme moisture 1338:1345 arg1 protection 1347:1356 moisture protection 1338:1356 moisture protection 1338:1356 The results indicated that both plasticizers could enhance the mechanical characteristics and had a slight effect on moisture protection. 29111590 10 86 from stability 1363:1371 arg1 terms 1386:1390 terms 1386:1390 terms of moisture protective properties 1386:1424 The stability of pectin in terms of moisture protective properties could, therefore, be modified through the fabrication of composite films with hydrophobic polymers, that is, shellac and the addition of proper plasticizers to enhance mechanical properties, which could offer wide applications for edible film in food, agro, and pharmaceutical industries. 29111590 1 87 theme films 277:281 arg1 design 257:262 the design 253:262 the design of composite films based on varying shellac concentrations 253:321 The aim of this investigation was to develop the high moisture protective ability and stable pectin through the design of composite films based on varying shellac concentrations. 29111590 12 88 theme higher 1874:1879 arg1 characteristics 1892:1906 the higher mechanical characteristics 1870:1906 the higher mechanical characteristics of composite film 1870:1924 Adding a plasticizer could build up the higher mechanical characteristics of composite film. 29111590 10 89 from pectin 1376:1381 arg1 terms 1386:1390 terms 1386:1390 terms of moisture protective properties 1386:1424 The stability of pectin in terms of moisture protective properties could, therefore, be modified through the fabrication of composite films with hydrophobic polymers, that is, shellac and the addition of proper plasticizers to enhance mechanical properties, which could offer wide applications for edible film in food, agro, and pharmaceutical industries. 29111590 10 90 theme edible 1657:1662 arg1 film 1664:1667 edible film 1657:1667 edible film 1657:1667 The stability of pectin in terms of moisture protective properties could, therefore, be modified through the fabrication of composite films with hydrophobic polymers, that is, shellac and the addition of proper plasticizers to enhance mechanical properties, which could offer wide applications for edible film in food, agro, and pharmaceutical industries. 29111590 10 91 theme composite 1483:1491 arg1 films 1493:1497 composite films 1483:1497 composite films with hydrophobic polymers, that is, shellac and the addition of proper plasticizers to enhance mechanical properties, which could offer wide applications for edible film in food, agro, and pharmaceutical industries 1483:1712 The stability of pectin in terms of moisture protective properties could, therefore, be modified through the fabrication of composite films with hydrophobic polymers, that is, shellac and the addition of proper plasticizers to enhance mechanical properties, which could offer wide applications for edible film in food, agro, and pharmaceutical industries. 29111590 4 92 dep exhibited 499:507 arg1 was 475:477 was 475:477 was 475:477 The findings was the composite films exhibited the reductions in the hydrophilicity, water vapor permeability, and the moisture content compared with pectin films. 29111590 10 93 from terms 1386:1390 arg1 stability 1363:1371 The stability 1359:1371 The stability of pectin in terms of moisture protective properties 1359:1424 The stability of pectin in terms of moisture protective properties could, therefore, be modified through the fabrication of composite films with hydrophobic polymers, that is, shellac and the addition of proper plasticizers to enhance mechanical properties, which could offer wide applications for edible film in food, agro, and pharmaceutical industries. 29111590 11 94 theme PRACTICAL 1715:1723 arg1 APPLICATION 1725:1735 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The composite film 1715:1754 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The composite film with 50% shellac 1715:1771 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The composite film with 50% shellac could improve moisture protective properties of pectin film. 29111590 1 95 theme shellac 300:306 arg1 concentrations 308:321 varying shellac concentrations 292:321 varying shellac concentrations 292:321 The aim of this investigation was to develop the high moisture protective ability and stable pectin through the design of composite films based on varying shellac concentrations. 29111590 10 96 theme pectin 1376:1381 arg1 stability 1363:1371 The stability 1359:1371 The stability of pectin in terms of moisture protective properties 1359:1424 The stability of pectin in terms of moisture protective properties could, therefore, be modified through the fabrication of composite films with hydrophobic polymers, that is, shellac and the addition of proper plasticizers to enhance mechanical properties, which could offer wide applications for edible film in food, agro, and pharmaceutical industries. 29111590 5 97 from °C 699:700 arg1 stability 683:691 their stability 677:691 their stability at 40 °C 677:700 The single and composite films were then study for their stability at 40 °C and 75% RH for 90 d. Among the concentrations of shellac, 50% (w/w) could improve stability in terms of moisture protection after 90 d of storage, whereas lower concentrations of shellac (10% to 40%) could not achieve this. 29111590 5 97 from °C 699:700 arg1 RH 710:711 75% RH 706:711 75% RH for 90 d. 706:721 The single and composite films were then study for their stability at 40 °C and 75% RH for 90 d. Among the concentrations of shellac, 50% (w/w) could improve stability in terms of moisture protection after 90 d of storage, whereas lower concentrations of shellac (10% to 40%) could not achieve this. 29111590 7 98 with improvement 1027:1037 arg1 incorporation 1081:1093 the incorporation 1077:1093 the incorporation of plasticizers 1077:1109 The mechanical improvement and stability of composite films with the incorporation of plasticizers were further investigated. 29111590 13 99 theme proper 2004:2009 arg1 content 2011:2017 proper content 2004:2017 proper content of shellac and plasticizer 2004:2044 Stability of pectin could be modified by fabrication of composite films with proper content of shellac and plasticizer. 28917895 5 0 theme order 684:688 arg1 model 690:694 a pseudo-first order model 669:694 a pseudo-first order model 669:694 The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-first order model and the rate-limiting step was identified as boundary layer diffusion from the Intraparticle diffusion model. 28917895 1 1 theme GO 301:302 arg1 solutions 281:289 solutions 281:289 solutions of CH and GO 281:302 Chitosan (CH) was crosslinked with graphene oxide (GO) by combining solutions of CH and GO. 28917895 0 2 theme methodology 185:195 arg1 approach 203:210 response surface methodology (RSM) approach 168:210 response surface methodology (RSM) approach 168:210 Ultrasound assisted adsorptive removal of hazardous dye Safranin O from aqueous solution using crosslinked graphene oxide-chitosan (GOCH) composite and optimization by response surface methodology (RSM) approach. 28917895 5 3 theme layer 750:754 arg1 step 718:721 the rate-limiting step 700:721 the rate-limiting step 700:721 The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-first order model and the rate-limiting step was identified as boundary layer diffusion from the Intraparticle diffusion model. 28917895 5 3 theme layer 750:754 arg1 diffusion 756:764 boundary layer diffusion 741:764 boundary layer diffusion from the Intraparticle diffusion model 741:803 The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-first order model and the rate-limiting step was identified as boundary layer diffusion from the Intraparticle diffusion model. 28917895 2 4 theme ATR-FTIR 326:333 arg1 FE-SEM 336:341 FE-SEM 336:341 FE-SEM 336:341 Characterisations by ATR-FTIR, FE-SEM and XRD confirmed the formation of the GOCH composite. 28917895 0 5 theme aqueous 72:78 arg1 solution 80:87 aqueous solution 72:87 aqueous solution using crosslinked graphene oxide-chitosan (GOCH) composite and optimization by response surface methodology (RSM) approach 72:210 Ultrasound assisted adsorptive removal of hazardous dye Safranin O from aqueous solution using crosslinked graphene oxide-chitosan (GOCH) composite and optimization by response surface methodology (RSM) approach. 28917895 0 6 theme surface 177:183 arg1 RSM 198:200 RSM 198:200 RSM 198:200 Ultrasound assisted adsorptive removal of hazardous dye Safranin O from aqueous solution using crosslinked graphene oxide-chitosan (GOCH) composite and optimization by response surface methodology (RSM) approach. 28917895 0 6 theme surface 177:183 arg1 methodology 185:195 response surface methodology 168:195 response surface methodology (RSM) approach 168:210 Ultrasound assisted adsorptive removal of hazardous dye Safranin O from aqueous solution using crosslinked graphene oxide-chitosan (GOCH) composite and optimization by response surface methodology (RSM) approach. 28917895 8 7 theme Surface 1177:1183 arg1 Methodology 1185:1195 Response Surface Methodology 1168:1195 Response Surface Methodology 1168:1195 From Response Surface Methodology it was noted that the combined effect of pH and initial concentration was antagonistic while that of sonication time was synergistic. 28917895 7 8 theme Langmuir 1071:1078 arg1 Model 1080:1084 the Langmuir Model 1067:1084 the Langmuir Model 1067:1084 The Redlich Peterson adsorption isotherm described the adsorption with more resemblance to the Langmuir Model than the Freundlich Model suggesting that monolayer adsorption predominated. 28917895 10 9 theme experimental 1496:1507 arg1 results 1509:1515 the experimental results 1492:1515 the experimental results 1492:1515 This was in good agreement with the experimental results. 28917895 6 10 from effect 941:946 arg1 kinetics 966:973 the adsorption kinetics 951:973 the adsorption kinetics 951:973 The sonication assisted adsorption kinetic data were compared with the non-sonicated one and it was found that sonication has a marked effect on the adsorption kinetics. 28917895 0 11 theme crosslinked 95:105 arg1 composite 138:146 crosslinked graphene oxide-chitosan (GOCH) composite 95:146 crosslinked graphene oxide-chitosan (GOCH) composite 95:146 Ultrasound assisted adsorptive removal of hazardous dye Safranin O from aqueous solution using crosslinked graphene oxide-chitosan (GOCH) composite and optimization by response surface methodology (RSM) approach. 28917895 6 12 theme kinetic 841:847 arg1 data 849:852 The sonication assisted adsorption kinetic data 806:852 The sonication assisted adsorption kinetic data 806:852 The sonication assisted adsorption kinetic data were compared with the non-sonicated one and it was found that sonication has a marked effect on the adsorption kinetics. 28917895 7 13 theme more 1047:1050 arg1 resemblance 1052:1062 more resemblance 1047:1062 more resemblance 1047:1062 The Redlich Peterson adsorption isotherm described the adsorption with more resemblance to the Langmuir Model than the Freundlich Model suggesting that monolayer adsorption predominated. 28917895 8 14 theme sonication 1298:1307 arg1 time 1309:1312 sonication time 1298:1312 sonication time 1298:1312 From Response Surface Methodology it was noted that the combined effect of pH and initial concentration was antagonistic while that of sonication time was synergistic. 28917895 9 15 theme optimum 1335:1341 arg1 parameters 1343:1352 The optimum parameters 1331:1352 The optimum parameters from the RSM model 1331:1371 The optimum parameters from the RSM model were found to be pH 6.82, initial SO concentration 425mgL-1 and sonication time 25min. 28917895 9 15 theme optimum 1335:1341 arg1 pH 1390:1391 pH 6.82 1390:1396 pH 6.82 1390:1396 The optimum parameters from the RSM model were found to be pH 6.82, initial SO concentration 425mgL-1 and sonication time 25min. 28917895 1 16 theme graphene 248:255 arg1 oxide 257:261 graphene oxide 248:261 graphene oxide (GO) 248:266 Chitosan (CH) was crosslinked with graphene oxide (GO) by combining solutions of CH and GO. 28917895 5 17 theme adsorption 640:649 arg1 kinetics 651:658 The adsorption kinetics 636:658 The adsorption kinetics 636:658 The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-first order model and the rate-limiting step was identified as boundary layer diffusion from the Intraparticle diffusion model. 28917895 6 18 theme adsorption 830:839 arg1 data 849:852 The sonication assisted adsorption kinetic data 806:852 The sonication assisted adsorption kinetic data 806:852 The sonication assisted adsorption kinetic data were compared with the non-sonicated one and it was found that sonication has a marked effect on the adsorption kinetics. 28917895 3 19 theme ultrasonic 441:450 arg1 adsorption 452:461 ultrasonic adsorption 441:461 ultrasonic adsorption from aqueous solution 441:483 Removal of the dye Safranin Orange (SO) by ultrasonic adsorption from aqueous solution was tested by the composite. 28917895 9 20 theme initial 1399:1405 arg1 pH 1390:1391 pH 6.82 1390:1396 pH 6.82 1390:1396 The optimum parameters from the RSM model were found to be pH 6.82, initial SO concentration 425mgL-1 and sonication time 25min. 28917895 9 20 theme initial 1399:1405 arg1 425mgL-1 1424:1431 initial SO concentration 425mgL-1 1399:1431 initial SO concentration 425mgL-1 1399:1431 The optimum parameters from the RSM model were found to be pH 6.82, initial SO concentration 425mgL-1 and sonication time 25min. 28917895 8 21 theme combined 1219:1226 arg1 antagonistic 1271:1282 antagonistic 1271:1282 antagonistic 1271:1282 From Response Surface Methodology it was noted that the combined effect of pH and initial concentration was antagonistic while that of sonication time was synergistic. 28917895 8 21 theme combined 1219:1226 arg1 effect 1228:1233 the combined effect 1215:1233 the combined effect of pH and initial concentration 1215:1265 From Response Surface Methodology it was noted that the combined effect of pH and initial concentration was antagonistic while that of sonication time was synergistic. 28917895 0 22 theme oxide-chitosan 116:129 arg1 composite 138:146 crosslinked graphene oxide-chitosan (GOCH) composite 95:146 crosslinked graphene oxide-chitosan (GOCH) composite 95:146 Ultrasound assisted adsorptive removal of hazardous dye Safranin O from aqueous solution using crosslinked graphene oxide-chitosan (GOCH) composite and optimization by response surface methodology (RSM) approach. 28917895 6 23 theme assisted 821:828 arg1 data 849:852 The sonication assisted adsorption kinetic data 806:852 The sonication assisted adsorption kinetic data 806:852 The sonication assisted adsorption kinetic data were compared with the non-sonicated one and it was found that sonication has a marked effect on the adsorption kinetics. 28917895 5 24 theme Intraparticle 775:787 arg1 model 799:803 the Intraparticle diffusion model 771:803 the Intraparticle diffusion model 771:803 The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-first order model and the rate-limiting step was identified as boundary layer diffusion from the Intraparticle diffusion model. 28917895 0 25 theme graphene 107:114 arg1 composite 138:146 crosslinked graphene oxide-chitosan (GOCH) composite 95:146 crosslinked graphene oxide-chitosan (GOCH) composite 95:146 Ultrasound assisted adsorptive removal of hazardous dye Safranin O from aqueous solution using crosslinked graphene oxide-chitosan (GOCH) composite and optimization by response surface methodology (RSM) approach. 28917895 6 26 theme sonication 810:819 arg1 data 849:852 The sonication assisted adsorption kinetic data 806:852 The sonication assisted adsorption kinetic data 806:852 The sonication assisted adsorption kinetic data were compared with the non-sonicated one and it was found that sonication has a marked effect on the adsorption kinetics. 28917895 8 27 theme Response 1168:1175 arg1 Methodology 1185:1195 Response Surface Methodology 1168:1195 Response Surface Methodology 1168:1195 From Response Surface Methodology it was noted that the combined effect of pH and initial concentration was antagonistic while that of sonication time was synergistic. 28917895 4 28 theme pH 569:570 arg1 values 572:577 pH values 569:577 pH values greater than 5.2 569:594 The removal of the cationic dye was more favourable at pH values greater than 5.2 and the optimum pH was found to be 6.5. 28917895 5 29 theme diffusion 789:797 arg1 model 799:803 the Intraparticle diffusion model 771:803 the Intraparticle diffusion model 771:803 The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-first order model and the rate-limiting step was identified as boundary layer diffusion from the Intraparticle diffusion model. 28917895 10 30 theme good 1472:1475 arg1 agreement 1477:1485 good agreement 1472:1485 good agreement with the experimental results 1472:1515 This was in good agreement with the experimental results. 28917895 9 31 from model 1367:1371 arg1 parameters 1343:1352 The optimum parameters 1331:1352 The optimum parameters from the RSM model 1331:1371 The optimum parameters from the RSM model were found to be pH 6.82, initial SO concentration 425mgL-1 and sonication time 25min. 28917895 9 31 from model 1367:1371 arg1 pH 1390:1391 pH 6.82 1390:1396 pH 6.82 1390:1396 The optimum parameters from the RSM model were found to be pH 6.82, initial SO concentration 425mgL-1 and sonication time 25min. 28917895 9 32 theme RSM 1363:1365 arg1 model 1367:1371 the RSM model 1359:1371 the RSM model 1359:1371 The optimum parameters from the RSM model were found to be pH 6.82, initial SO concentration 425mgL-1 and sonication time 25min. 28917895 7 33 theme Freundlich 1095:1104 arg1 Model 1106:1110 the Freundlich Model 1091:1110 the Freundlich Model suggesting that monolayer adsorption predominated 1091:1160 The Redlich Peterson adsorption isotherm described the adsorption with more resemblance to the Langmuir Model than the Freundlich Model suggesting that monolayer adsorption predominated. 28917895 8 34 theme concentration 1253:1265 arg1 antagonistic 1271:1282 antagonistic 1271:1282 antagonistic 1271:1282 From Response Surface Methodology it was noted that the combined effect of pH and initial concentration was antagonistic while that of sonication time was synergistic. 28917895 8 34 theme concentration 1253:1265 arg1 effect 1228:1233 the combined effect 1215:1233 the combined effect of pH and initial concentration 1215:1265 From Response Surface Methodology it was noted that the combined effect of pH and initial concentration was antagonistic while that of sonication time was synergistic. 28917895 0 35 theme GOCH 132:135 arg1 composite 138:146 crosslinked graphene oxide-chitosan (GOCH) composite 95:146 crosslinked graphene oxide-chitosan (GOCH) composite 95:146 Ultrasound assisted adsorptive removal of hazardous dye Safranin O from aqueous solution using crosslinked graphene oxide-chitosan (GOCH) composite and optimization by response surface methodology (RSM) approach. 28917895 5 36 theme rate-limiting 704:716 arg1 step 718:721 the rate-limiting step 700:721 the rate-limiting step 700:721 The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-first order model and the rate-limiting step was identified as boundary layer diffusion from the Intraparticle diffusion model. 28917895 5 36 theme rate-limiting 704:716 arg1 diffusion 756:764 boundary layer diffusion 741:764 boundary layer diffusion from the Intraparticle diffusion model 741:803 The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-first order model and the rate-limiting step was identified as boundary layer diffusion from the Intraparticle diffusion model. 28917895 4 37 from values 572:577 arg1 removal 518:524 The removal 514:524 The removal of the cationic dye 514:544 The removal of the cationic dye was more favourable at pH values greater than 5.2 and the optimum pH was found to be 6.5. 28917895 4 37 from values 572:577 arg1 favourable 555:564 favourable 555:564 favourable 555:564 The removal of the cationic dye was more favourable at pH values greater than 5.2 and the optimum pH was found to be 6.5. 28917895 2 38 theme GOCH 382:385 arg1 composite 387:395 the GOCH composite 378:395 the GOCH composite 378:395 Characterisations by ATR-FTIR, FE-SEM and XRD confirmed the formation of the GOCH composite. 28917895 2 39 theme composite 387:395 arg1 formation 365:373 the formation 361:373 the formation of the GOCH composite 361:395 Characterisations by ATR-FTIR, FE-SEM and XRD confirmed the formation of the GOCH composite. 28917895 9 40 theme time 1448:1451 arg1 25min 1453:1457 sonication time 25min 1437:1457 sonication time 25min 1437:1457 The optimum parameters from the RSM model were found to be pH 6.82, initial SO concentration 425mgL-1 and sonication time 25min. 28917895 9 40 theme time 1448:1451 arg1 pH 1390:1391 pH 6.82 1390:1396 pH 6.82 1390:1396 The optimum parameters from the RSM model were found to be pH 6.82, initial SO concentration 425mgL-1 and sonication time 25min. 28917895 0 41 from solution 80:87 arg1 removal 31:37 adsorptive removal 20:37 adsorptive removal of hazardous dye Safranin O from aqueous solution using crosslinked graphene oxide-chitosan (GOCH) composite and optimization by response surface methodology (RSM) approach 20:210 Ultrasound assisted adsorptive removal of hazardous dye Safranin O from aqueous solution using crosslinked graphene oxide-chitosan (GOCH) composite and optimization by response surface methodology (RSM) approach. 28917895 3 42 theme Orange 426:431 arg1 Removal 398:404 Removal 398:404 Removal of the dye Safranin Orange (SO) by ultrasonic adsorption from aqueous solution 398:483 Removal of the dye Safranin Orange (SO) by ultrasonic adsorption from aqueous solution was tested by the composite. 28917895 0 43 theme hazardous 42:50 arg1 O 65:65 hazardous dye Safranin O 42:65 hazardous dye Safranin O 42:65 Ultrasound assisted adsorptive removal of hazardous dye Safranin O from aqueous solution using crosslinked graphene oxide-chitosan (GOCH) composite and optimization by response surface methodology (RSM) approach. 28917895 9 44 theme sonication 1437:1446 arg1 25min 1453:1457 sonication time 25min 1437:1457 sonication time 25min 1437:1457 The optimum parameters from the RSM model were found to be pH 6.82, initial SO concentration 425mgL-1 and sonication time 25min. 28917895 9 44 theme sonication 1437:1446 arg1 pH 1390:1391 pH 6.82 1390:1396 pH 6.82 1390:1396 The optimum parameters from the RSM model were found to be pH 6.82, initial SO concentration 425mgL-1 and sonication time 25min. 28917895 7 45 theme Redlich 980:986 arg1 isotherm 1008:1015 The Redlich Peterson adsorption isotherm 976:1015 The Redlich Peterson adsorption isotherm 976:1015 The Redlich Peterson adsorption isotherm described the adsorption with more resemblance to the Langmuir Model than the Freundlich Model suggesting that monolayer adsorption predominated. 28917895 9 46 theme concentration 1410:1422 arg1 pH 1390:1391 pH 6.82 1390:1396 pH 6.82 1390:1396 The optimum parameters from the RSM model were found to be pH 6.82, initial SO concentration 425mgL-1 and sonication time 25min. 28917895 9 46 theme concentration 1410:1422 arg1 425mgL-1 1424:1431 initial SO concentration 425mgL-1 1399:1431 initial SO concentration 425mgL-1 1399:1431 The optimum parameters from the RSM model were found to be pH 6.82, initial SO concentration 425mgL-1 and sonication time 25min. 28917895 4 47 theme greater 579:585 arg1 values 572:577 pH values 569:577 pH values greater than 5.2 569:594 The removal of the cationic dye was more favourable at pH values greater than 5.2 and the optimum pH was found to be 6.5. 28917895 7 48 theme Peterson 988:995 arg1 isotherm 1008:1015 The Redlich Peterson adsorption isotherm 976:1015 The Redlich Peterson adsorption isotherm 976:1015 The Redlich Peterson adsorption isotherm described the adsorption with more resemblance to the Langmuir Model than the Freundlich Model suggesting that monolayer adsorption predominated. 28917895 3 49 theme dye 413:415 arg1 Orange 426:431 the dye Safranin Orange 409:431 the dye Safranin Orange (SO) 409:436 Removal of the dye Safranin Orange (SO) by ultrasonic adsorption from aqueous solution was tested by the composite. 28917895 0 50 theme Safranin 56:63 arg1 O 65:65 hazardous dye Safranin O 42:65 hazardous dye Safranin O 42:65 Ultrasound assisted adsorptive removal of hazardous dye Safranin O from aqueous solution using crosslinked graphene oxide-chitosan (GOCH) composite and optimization by response surface methodology (RSM) approach. 28917895 6 51 theme non-sonicated 877:889 arg1 one 891:893 the non-sonicated one 873:893 the non-sonicated one 873:893 The sonication assisted adsorption kinetic data were compared with the non-sonicated one and it was found that sonication has a marked effect on the adsorption kinetics. 28917895 5 52 theme pseudo-first 671:682 arg1 model 690:694 a pseudo-first order model 669:694 a pseudo-first order model 669:694 The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-first order model and the rate-limiting step was identified as boundary layer diffusion from the Intraparticle diffusion model. 28917895 10 53 with agreement 1477:1485 arg1 results 1509:1515 the experimental results 1492:1515 the experimental results 1492:1515 This was in good agreement with the experimental results. 28917895 0 54 theme dye 52:54 arg1 O 65:65 hazardous dye Safranin O 42:65 hazardous dye Safranin O 42:65 Ultrasound assisted adsorptive removal of hazardous dye Safranin O from aqueous solution using crosslinked graphene oxide-chitosan (GOCH) composite and optimization by response surface methodology (RSM) approach. 28917895 7 55 theme adsorption 997:1006 arg1 isotherm 1008:1015 The Redlich Peterson adsorption isotherm 976:1015 The Redlich Peterson adsorption isotherm 976:1015 The Redlich Peterson adsorption isotherm described the adsorption with more resemblance to the Langmuir Model than the Freundlich Model suggesting that monolayer adsorption predominated. 28917895 4 56 theme cationic 533:540 arg1 dye 542:544 the cationic dye 529:544 the cationic dye 529:544 The removal of the cationic dye was more favourable at pH values greater than 5.2 and the optimum pH was found to be 6.5. 28917895 8 57 theme pH 1238:1239 arg1 antagonistic 1271:1282 antagonistic 1271:1282 antagonistic 1271:1282 From Response Surface Methodology it was noted that the combined effect of pH and initial concentration was antagonistic while that of sonication time was synergistic. 28917895 8 57 theme pH 1238:1239 arg1 effect 1228:1233 the combined effect 1215:1233 the combined effect of pH and initial concentration 1215:1265 From Response Surface Methodology it was noted that the combined effect of pH and initial concentration was antagonistic while that of sonication time was synergistic. 28917895 1 58 theme CH 294:295 arg1 solutions 281:289 solutions 281:289 solutions of CH and GO 281:302 Chitosan (CH) was crosslinked with graphene oxide (GO) by combining solutions of CH and GO. 28917895 0 59 theme response 168:175 arg1 RSM 198:200 RSM 198:200 RSM 198:200 Ultrasound assisted adsorptive removal of hazardous dye Safranin O from aqueous solution using crosslinked graphene oxide-chitosan (GOCH) composite and optimization by response surface methodology (RSM) approach. 28917895 0 59 theme response 168:175 arg1 methodology 185:195 response surface methodology 168:195 response surface methodology (RSM) approach 168:210 Ultrasound assisted adsorptive removal of hazardous dye Safranin O from aqueous solution using crosslinked graphene oxide-chitosan (GOCH) composite and optimization by response surface methodology (RSM) approach. 28917895 1 60 dep oxide 257:261 arg1 GO 264:265 GO 264:265 GO 264:265 Chitosan (CH) was crosslinked with graphene oxide (GO) by combining solutions of CH and GO. 28917895 3 61 dep Orange 426:431 arg1 SO 434:435 SO 434:435 SO 434:435 Removal of the dye Safranin Orange (SO) by ultrasonic adsorption from aqueous solution was tested by the composite. 28917895 7 62 with adsorption 1031:1040 arg1 resemblance 1052:1062 more resemblance 1047:1062 more resemblance 1047:1062 The Redlich Peterson adsorption isotherm described the adsorption with more resemblance to the Langmuir Model than the Freundlich Model suggesting that monolayer adsorption predominated. 28917895 6 63 contain has 928:930 arg2 effect 941:946 a marked effect 932:946 a marked effect on the adsorption kinetics 932:973 The sonication assisted adsorption kinetic data were compared with the non-sonicated one and it was found that sonication has a marked effect on the adsorption kinetics. 28917895 6 63 contain has 928:930 arg1 sonication 917:926 sonication 917:926 sonication 917:926 The sonication assisted adsorption kinetic data were compared with the non-sonicated one and it was found that sonication has a marked effect on the adsorption kinetics. 28917895 5 64 theme boundary 741:748 arg1 step 718:721 the rate-limiting step 700:721 the rate-limiting step 700:721 The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-first order model and the rate-limiting step was identified as boundary layer diffusion from the Intraparticle diffusion model. 28917895 5 64 theme boundary 741:748 arg1 diffusion 756:764 boundary layer diffusion 741:764 boundary layer diffusion from the Intraparticle diffusion model 741:803 The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-first order model and the rate-limiting step was identified as boundary layer diffusion from the Intraparticle diffusion model. 28917895 5 65 from model 799:803 arg1 step 718:721 the rate-limiting step 700:721 the rate-limiting step 700:721 The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-first order model and the rate-limiting step was identified as boundary layer diffusion from the Intraparticle diffusion model. 28917895 5 65 from model 799:803 arg1 diffusion 756:764 boundary layer diffusion 741:764 boundary layer diffusion from the Intraparticle diffusion model 741:803 The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-first order model and the rate-limiting step was identified as boundary layer diffusion from the Intraparticle diffusion model. 28917895 4 66 theme optimum 604:610 arg1 6.5 631:633 6.5 631:633 6.5 631:633 The removal of the cationic dye was more favourable at pH values greater than 5.2 and the optimum pH was found to be 6.5. 28917895 4 66 theme optimum 604:610 arg1 pH 612:613 the optimum pH 600:613 the optimum pH 600:613 The removal of the cationic dye was more favourable at pH values greater than 5.2 and the optimum pH was found to be 6.5. 28917895 4 67 theme dye 542:544 arg1 removal 518:524 The removal 514:524 The removal of the cationic dye 514:544 The removal of the cationic dye was more favourable at pH values greater than 5.2 and the optimum pH was found to be 6.5. 28917895 4 67 theme dye 542:544 arg1 favourable 555:564 favourable 555:564 favourable 555:564 The removal of the cationic dye was more favourable at pH values greater than 5.2 and the optimum pH was found to be 6.5. 28917895 6 68 theme adsorption 955:964 arg1 kinetics 966:973 the adsorption kinetics 951:973 the adsorption kinetics 951:973 The sonication assisted adsorption kinetic data were compared with the non-sonicated one and it was found that sonication has a marked effect on the adsorption kinetics. 28917895 3 69 theme Safranin 417:424 arg1 Orange 426:431 the dye Safranin Orange 409:431 the dye Safranin Orange (SO) 409:436 Removal of the dye Safranin Orange (SO) by ultrasonic adsorption from aqueous solution was tested by the composite. 28917895 8 70 theme initial 1245:1251 arg1 concentration 1253:1265 initial concentration 1245:1265 initial concentration 1245:1265 From Response Surface Methodology it was noted that the combined effect of pH and initial concentration was antagonistic while that of sonication time was synergistic. 28917895 0 71 theme O 65:65 arg1 removal 31:37 adsorptive removal 20:37 adsorptive removal of hazardous dye Safranin O from aqueous solution using crosslinked graphene oxide-chitosan (GOCH) composite and optimization by response surface methodology (RSM) approach 20:210 Ultrasound assisted adsorptive removal of hazardous dye Safranin O from aqueous solution using crosslinked graphene oxide-chitosan (GOCH) composite and optimization by response surface methodology (RSM) approach. 28917895 7 72 theme monolayer 1128:1136 arg1 adsorption 1138:1147 monolayer adsorption 1128:1147 monolayer adsorption 1128:1147 The Redlich Peterson adsorption isotherm described the adsorption with more resemblance to the Langmuir Model than the Freundlich Model suggesting that monolayer adsorption predominated. 28917895 0 73 theme adsorptive 20:29 arg1 removal 31:37 adsorptive removal 20:37 adsorptive removal of hazardous dye Safranin O from aqueous solution using crosslinked graphene oxide-chitosan (GOCH) composite and optimization by response surface methodology (RSM) approach 20:210 Ultrasound assisted adsorptive removal of hazardous dye Safranin O from aqueous solution using crosslinked graphene oxide-chitosan (GOCH) composite and optimization by response surface methodology (RSM) approach. 28917895 0 74 link crosslinked 95:105 arg1 composite 138:146 crosslinked graphene oxide-chitosan (GOCH) composite 95:146 crosslinked graphene oxide-chitosan (GOCH) composite 95:146 Ultrasound assisted adsorptive removal of hazardous dye Safranin O from aqueous solution using crosslinked graphene oxide-chitosan (GOCH) composite and optimization by response surface methodology (RSM) approach. 28917895 3 75 theme aqueous 468:474 arg1 solution 476:483 aqueous solution 468:483 aqueous solution 468:483 Removal of the dye Safranin Orange (SO) by ultrasonic adsorption from aqueous solution was tested by the composite. 28917895 3 76 from solution 476:483 arg1 adsorption 452:461 ultrasonic adsorption 441:461 ultrasonic adsorption from aqueous solution 441:483 Removal of the dye Safranin Orange (SO) by ultrasonic adsorption from aqueous solution was tested by the composite. 28917895 6 77 theme marked 934:939 arg1 effect 941:946 a marked effect 932:946 a marked effect on the adsorption kinetics 932:973 The sonication assisted adsorption kinetic data were compared with the non-sonicated one and it was found that sonication has a marked effect on the adsorption kinetics. 24211649 5 0 theme active 1041:1046 arg1 ingredient 1048:1057 the active ingredient 1037:1057 the active ingredient 1037:1057 However, the technological characteristics of the matrices and the maximum drug load were demonstrated to depend on the mode of interaction of the active ingredient with the molten polymer. 24211649 6 1 from HPC 1159:1161 arg1 material 1130:1137 a composite material 1118:1137 a composite material from ketoprofen and HPC 1118:1161 In this respect, the formation of a composite material from ketoprofen and HPC, when mixed in specific ratios, was supposed to explain the differences observed between compressed and extruded systems in terms of morphological characteristics, hydration/swelling and release. 24211649 6 1 from HPC 1159:1161 arg1 formation 1105:1113 the formation 1101:1113 the formation 1101:1113 In this respect, the formation of a composite material from ketoprofen and HPC, when mixed in specific ratios, was supposed to explain the differences observed between compressed and extruded systems in terms of morphological characteristics, hydration/swelling and release. 24211649 0 2 theme matrices 69:76 arg1 preparation 50:60 the preparation 46:60 the preparation of HPC matrices for prolonged release 46:98 Evaluation of hot-melt extrusion technique in the preparation of HPC matrices for prolonged release. 24211649 5 3 theme ingredient 1048:1057 arg1 interaction 1022:1032 interaction 1022:1032 interaction of the active ingredient with the molten polymer 1022:1081 However, the technological characteristics of the matrices and the maximum drug load were demonstrated to depend on the mode of interaction of the active ingredient with the molten polymer. 24211649 4 4 theme rate 809:812 arg1 increase 776:783 an increase 773:783 an increase 773:783 On the other hand, the release rate was generally higher from HME systems probably due to an increase of the drug dissolution rate, which is in agreement with the relevant DSC data (loss of drug cristallinity). 24211649 2 5 theme extruded 322:329 arg1 systems 331:337 compressed and extruded systems 307:337 compressed and extruded systems 307:337 For this purpose, compressed and extruded systems, either composed of polymer only or containing different amounts of a model drug (theophylline or ketoprofen), were compared. 24211649 7 6 theme continuous 1487:1496 arg1 manufacturing 1498:1510 continuous manufacturing 1487:1510 continuous manufacturing 1487:1510 The obtained results support the possibility of exploiting the advantages offered by HME technique, above all the potential for continuous manufacturing, in the preparation of prolonged-release swellable matrices based on a cellulose derivative. 24211649 4 7 theme drug 873:876 arg1 cristallinity 878:890 drug cristallinity 873:890 drug cristallinity 873:890 On the other hand, the release rate was generally higher from HME systems probably due to an increase of the drug dissolution rate, which is in agreement with the relevant DSC data (loss of drug cristallinity). 24211649 0 8 from Evaluation 0:9 arg1 preparation 50:60 the preparation 46:60 the preparation of HPC matrices for prolonged release 46:98 Evaluation of hot-melt extrusion technique in the preparation of HPC matrices for prolonged release. 24211649 2 9 dep systems 331:337 arg1 containing 375:384 containing 375:384 containing different amounts of a model drug (theophylline or ketoprofen) 375:447 For this purpose, compressed and extruded systems, either composed of polymer only or containing different amounts of a model drug (theophylline or ketoprofen), were compared. 24211649 2 9 dep systems 331:337 arg1 composed 347:354 composed 347:354 composed of polymer only 347:370 For this purpose, compressed and extruded systems, either composed of polymer only or containing different amounts of a model drug (theophylline or ketoprofen), were compared. 24211649 1 10 theme -based 221:226 arg1 matrices 246:253 hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)-based prolonged-release matrices 192:253 hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)-based prolonged-release matrices intended for oral administration 192:286 The aim of the work was to explore the potential of hot-melt extrusion (HME) for preparing hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)-based prolonged-release matrices intended for oral administration. 24211649 0 11 theme prolonged 82:90 arg1 release 92:98 prolonged release 82:98 prolonged release 82:98 Evaluation of hot-melt extrusion technique in the preparation of HPC matrices for prolonged release. 24211649 3 12 theme systems 515:521 arg1 changes 500:506 The overall morphological/physical changes 465:506 The overall morphological/physical changes of the systems following interaction with water 465:554 The overall morphological/physical changes of the systems following interaction with water indicated that the manufacturing process would not exert a major influence on the swelling behavior of the polymeric matrices. 24211649 1 13 theme prolonged-release 228:244 arg1 matrices 246:253 hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)-based prolonged-release matrices 192:253 hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)-based prolonged-release matrices intended for oral administration 192:286 The aim of the work was to explore the potential of hot-melt extrusion (HME) for preparing hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)-based prolonged-release matrices intended for oral administration. 24211649 6 14 theme compressed 1252:1261 arg1 systems 1276:1282 compressed and extruded systems 1252:1282 compressed and extruded systems in terms of morphological characteristics, hydration/swelling and release 1252:1356 In this respect, the formation of a composite material from ketoprofen and HPC, when mixed in specific ratios, was supposed to explain the differences observed between compressed and extruded systems in terms of morphological characteristics, hydration/swelling and release. 24211649 6 15 theme morphological 1296:1308 arg1 release 1350:1356 release 1350:1356 release 1350:1356 In this respect, the formation of a composite material from ketoprofen and HPC, when mixed in specific ratios, was supposed to explain the differences observed between compressed and extruded systems in terms of morphological characteristics, hydration/swelling and release. 24211649 6 15 theme morphological 1296:1308 arg1 hydration/swelling 1327:1344 hydration/swelling 1327:1344 hydration/swelling 1327:1344 In this respect, the formation of a composite material from ketoprofen and HPC, when mixed in specific ratios, was supposed to explain the differences observed between compressed and extruded systems in terms of morphological characteristics, hydration/swelling and release. 24211649 6 15 theme morphological 1296:1308 arg1 characteristics 1310:1324 morphological characteristics 1296:1324 morphological characteristics 1296:1324 In this respect, the formation of a composite material from ketoprofen and HPC, when mixed in specific ratios, was supposed to explain the differences observed between compressed and extruded systems in terms of morphological characteristics, hydration/swelling and release. 24211649 4 16 theme drug 792:795 arg1 rate 809:812 the drug dissolution rate 788:812 the drug dissolution rate 788:812 On the other hand, the release rate was generally higher from HME systems probably due to an increase of the drug dissolution rate, which is in agreement with the relevant DSC data (loss of drug cristallinity). 24211649 6 17 from systems 1276:1282 arg1 terms 1287:1291 terms 1287:1291 terms of morphological characteristics, hydration/swelling and release 1287:1356 In this respect, the formation of a composite material from ketoprofen and HPC, when mixed in specific ratios, was supposed to explain the differences observed between compressed and extruded systems in terms of morphological characteristics, hydration/swelling and release. 24211649 4 18 theme cristallinity 878:890 arg1 loss 865:868 loss 865:868 loss of drug cristallinity 865:890 On the other hand, the release rate was generally higher from HME systems probably due to an increase of the drug dissolution rate, which is in agreement with the relevant DSC data (loss of drug cristallinity). 24211649 5 19 theme interaction 1022:1032 arg1 mode 1014:1017 the mode 1010:1017 the mode of interaction of the active ingredient with the molten polymer 1010:1081 However, the technological characteristics of the matrices and the maximum drug load were demonstrated to depend on the mode of interaction of the active ingredient with the molten polymer. 24211649 3 20 with interaction 533:543 arg1 water 550:554 water 550:554 water 550:554 The overall morphological/physical changes of the systems following interaction with water indicated that the manufacturing process would not exert a major influence on the swelling behavior of the polymeric matrices. 24211649 2 21 theme drug 415:418 arg1 drug 415:418 a model drug 407:418 a model drug (theophylline or ketoprofen) 407:447 For this purpose, compressed and extruded systems, either composed of polymer only or containing different amounts of a model drug (theophylline or ketoprofen), were compared. 24211649 2 21 theme drug 415:418 arg1 amounts 396:402 different amounts 386:402 different amounts of a model drug (theophylline or ketoprofen) 386:447 For this purpose, compressed and extruded systems, either composed of polymer only or containing different amounts of a model drug (theophylline or ketoprofen), were compared. 24211649 2 22 dep drug 415:418 arg1 theophylline 421:432 theophylline 421:432 theophylline 421:432 For this purpose, compressed and extruded systems, either composed of polymer only or containing different amounts of a model drug (theophylline or ketoprofen), were compared. 24211649 2 22 dep drug 415:418 arg1 ketoprofen 437:446 ketoprofen 437:446 ketoprofen 437:446 For this purpose, compressed and extruded systems, either composed of polymer only or containing different amounts of a model drug (theophylline or ketoprofen), were compared. 24211649 4 23 dep higher 733:738 arg1 loss 865:868 loss 865:868 loss of drug cristallinity 865:890 On the other hand, the release rate was generally higher from HME systems probably due to an increase of the drug dissolution rate, which is in agreement with the relevant DSC data (loss of drug cristallinity). 24211649 1 24 theme hot-melt 153:160 arg1 HME 173:175 HME 173:175 HME 173:175 The aim of the work was to explore the potential of hot-melt extrusion (HME) for preparing hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)-based prolonged-release matrices intended for oral administration. 24211649 1 24 theme hot-melt 153:160 arg1 extrusion 162:170 hot-melt extrusion 153:170 hot-melt extrusion (HME) 153:176 The aim of the work was to explore the potential of hot-melt extrusion (HME) for preparing hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)-based prolonged-release matrices intended for oral administration. 24211649 2 25 theme model 409:413 arg1 drug 415:418 a model drug 407:418 a model drug (theophylline or ketoprofen) 407:447 For this purpose, compressed and extruded systems, either composed of polymer only or containing different amounts of a model drug (theophylline or ketoprofen), were compared. 24211649 4 26 theme dissolution 797:807 arg1 rate 809:812 the drug dissolution rate 788:812 the drug dissolution rate 788:812 On the other hand, the release rate was generally higher from HME systems probably due to an increase of the drug dissolution rate, which is in agreement with the relevant DSC data (loss of drug cristallinity). 24211649 1 27 theme extrusion 162:170 arg1 potential 140:148 the potential 136:148 the potential of hot-melt extrusion (HME) for preparing hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)-based prolonged-release matrices intended for oral administration 136:286 The aim of the work was to explore the potential of hot-melt extrusion (HME) for preparing hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)-based prolonged-release matrices intended for oral administration. 24211649 0 28 theme extrusion 23:31 arg1 technique 33:41 hot-melt extrusion technique 14:41 hot-melt extrusion technique 14:41 Evaluation of hot-melt extrusion technique in the preparation of HPC matrices for prolonged release. 24211649 6 29 theme composite 1120:1128 arg1 material 1130:1137 a composite material 1118:1137 a composite material from ketoprofen and HPC 1118:1161 In this respect, the formation of a composite material from ketoprofen and HPC, when mixed in specific ratios, was supposed to explain the differences observed between compressed and extruded systems in terms of morphological characteristics, hydration/swelling and release. 24211649 0 30 theme hot-melt 14:21 arg1 technique 33:41 hot-melt extrusion technique 14:41 hot-melt extrusion technique 14:41 Evaluation of hot-melt extrusion technique in the preparation of HPC matrices for prolonged release. 24211649 7 31 theme matrices 1563:1570 arg1 preparation 1520:1530 the preparation 1516:1530 the preparation of prolonged-release swellable matrices based on a cellulose derivative 1516:1602 The obtained results support the possibility of exploiting the advantages offered by HME technique, above all the potential for continuous manufacturing, in the preparation of prolonged-release swellable matrices based on a cellulose derivative. 24211649 4 32 theme DSC 855:857 arg1 data 859:862 the relevant DSC data 842:862 the relevant DSC data 842:862 On the other hand, the release rate was generally higher from HME systems probably due to an increase of the drug dissolution rate, which is in agreement with the relevant DSC data (loss of drug cristallinity). 24211649 4 33 theme release 706:712 arg1 rate 714:717 the release rate 702:717 the release rate 702:717 On the other hand, the release rate was generally higher from HME systems probably due to an increase of the drug dissolution rate, which is in agreement with the relevant DSC data (loss of drug cristallinity). 24211649 4 33 theme release 706:712 arg1 higher 733:738 higher 733:738 higher 733:738 On the other hand, the release rate was generally higher from HME systems probably due to an increase of the drug dissolution rate, which is in agreement with the relevant DSC data (loss of drug cristallinity). 24211649 7 34 theme cellulose 1583:1591 arg1 derivative 1593:1602 a cellulose derivative 1581:1602 a cellulose derivative 1581:1602 The obtained results support the possibility of exploiting the advantages offered by HME technique, above all the potential for continuous manufacturing, in the preparation of prolonged-release swellable matrices based on a cellulose derivative. 24211649 2 35 theme different 386:394 arg1 drug 415:418 a model drug 407:418 a model drug (theophylline or ketoprofen) 407:447 For this purpose, compressed and extruded systems, either composed of polymer only or containing different amounts of a model drug (theophylline or ketoprofen), were compared. 24211649 2 35 theme different 386:394 arg1 amounts 396:402 different amounts 386:402 different amounts of a model drug (theophylline or ketoprofen) 386:447 For this purpose, compressed and extruded systems, either composed of polymer only or containing different amounts of a model drug (theophylline or ketoprofen), were compared. 24211649 1 36 theme oral 268:271 arg1 administration 273:286 oral administration 268:286 oral administration 268:286 The aim of the work was to explore the potential of hot-melt extrusion (HME) for preparing hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)-based prolonged-release matrices intended for oral administration. 24211649 5 37 theme matrices 944:951 arg1 characteristics 921:935 the technological characteristics 903:935 the technological characteristics of the matrices and the maximum drug load 903:977 However, the technological characteristics of the matrices and the maximum drug load were demonstrated to depend on the mode of interaction of the active ingredient with the molten polymer. 24211649 4 38 with agreement 827:835 arg1 data 859:862 the relevant DSC data 842:862 the relevant DSC data 842:862 On the other hand, the release rate was generally higher from HME systems probably due to an increase of the drug dissolution rate, which is in agreement with the relevant DSC data (loss of drug cristallinity). 24211649 0 39 theme technique 33:41 arg1 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation of hot-melt extrusion technique in the preparation of HPC matrices for prolonged release. 0:99 Evaluation of hot-melt extrusion technique in the preparation of HPC matrices for prolonged release. 24211649 6 40 theme specific 1178:1185 arg1 ratios 1187:1192 specific ratios 1178:1192 specific ratios 1178:1192 In this respect, the formation of a composite material from ketoprofen and HPC, when mixed in specific ratios, was supposed to explain the differences observed between compressed and extruded systems in terms of morphological characteristics, hydration/swelling and release. 24211649 3 41 theme manufacturing 575:587 arg1 process 589:595 the manufacturing process 571:595 the manufacturing process 571:595 The overall morphological/physical changes of the systems following interaction with water indicated that the manufacturing process would not exert a major influence on the swelling behavior of the polymeric matrices. 24211649 6 42 theme characteristics 1310:1324 arg1 terms 1287:1291 terms 1287:1291 terms of morphological characteristics, hydration/swelling and release 1287:1356 In this respect, the formation of a composite material from ketoprofen and HPC, when mixed in specific ratios, was supposed to explain the differences observed between compressed and extruded systems in terms of morphological characteristics, hydration/swelling and release. 24211649 5 43 theme molten 1068:1073 arg1 polymer 1075:1081 the molten polymer 1064:1081 the molten polymer 1064:1081 However, the technological characteristics of the matrices and the maximum drug load were demonstrated to depend on the mode of interaction of the active ingredient with the molten polymer. 24211649 6 44 theme extruded 1267:1274 arg1 systems 1276:1282 compressed and extruded systems 1252:1282 compressed and extruded systems in terms of morphological characteristics, hydration/swelling and release 1252:1356 In this respect, the formation of a composite material from ketoprofen and HPC, when mixed in specific ratios, was supposed to explain the differences observed between compressed and extruded systems in terms of morphological characteristics, hydration/swelling and release. 24211649 3 45 theme major 615:619 arg1 influence 621:629 a major influence 613:629 a major influence 613:629 The overall morphological/physical changes of the systems following interaction with water indicated that the manufacturing process would not exert a major influence on the swelling behavior of the polymeric matrices. 24211649 6 46 theme material 1130:1137 arg1 formation 1105:1113 the formation 1101:1113 the formation 1101:1113 In this respect, the formation of a composite material from ketoprofen and HPC, when mixed in specific ratios, was supposed to explain the differences observed between compressed and extruded systems in terms of morphological characteristics, hydration/swelling and release. 24211649 7 47 theme obtained 1363:1370 arg1 results 1372:1378 The obtained results 1359:1378 The obtained results 1359:1378 The obtained results support the possibility of exploiting the advantages offered by HME technique, above all the potential for continuous manufacturing, in the preparation of prolonged-release swellable matrices based on a cellulose derivative. 24211649 3 48 theme polymeric 663:671 arg1 matrices 673:680 the polymeric matrices 659:680 the polymeric matrices 659:680 The overall morphological/physical changes of the systems following interaction with water indicated that the manufacturing process would not exert a major influence on the swelling behavior of the polymeric matrices. 24211649 5 49 theme drug 969:972 arg1 load 974:977 the maximum drug load 957:977 the maximum drug load 957:977 However, the technological characteristics of the matrices and the maximum drug load were demonstrated to depend on the mode of interaction of the active ingredient with the molten polymer. 24211649 5 50 theme maximum 961:967 arg1 load 974:977 the maximum drug load 957:977 the maximum drug load 957:977 However, the technological characteristics of the matrices and the maximum drug load were demonstrated to depend on the mode of interaction of the active ingredient with the molten polymer. 24211649 2 51 theme compressed 307:316 arg1 systems 331:337 compressed and extruded systems 307:337 compressed and extruded systems 307:337 For this purpose, compressed and extruded systems, either composed of polymer only or containing different amounts of a model drug (theophylline or ketoprofen), were compared. 24211649 5 52 with interaction 1022:1032 arg1 polymer 1075:1081 the molten polymer 1064:1081 the molten polymer 1064:1081 However, the technological characteristics of the matrices and the maximum drug load were demonstrated to depend on the mode of interaction of the active ingredient with the molten polymer. 24211649 4 53 theme relevant 846:853 arg1 data 859:862 the relevant DSC data 842:862 the relevant DSC data 842:862 On the other hand, the release rate was generally higher from HME systems probably due to an increase of the drug dissolution rate, which is in agreement with the relevant DSC data (loss of drug cristallinity). 24211649 5 54 theme load 974:977 arg1 characteristics 921:935 the technological characteristics 903:935 the technological characteristics of the matrices and the maximum drug load 903:977 However, the technological characteristics of the matrices and the maximum drug load were demonstrated to depend on the mode of interaction of the active ingredient with the molten polymer. 24211649 5 55 theme technological 907:919 arg1 characteristics 921:935 the technological characteristics 903:935 the technological characteristics of the matrices and the maximum drug load 903:977 However, the technological characteristics of the matrices and the maximum drug load were demonstrated to depend on the mode of interaction of the active ingredient with the molten polymer. 24211649 4 56 theme HME 745:747 arg1 systems 749:755 HME systems 745:755 HME systems 745:755 On the other hand, the release rate was generally higher from HME systems probably due to an increase of the drug dissolution rate, which is in agreement with the relevant DSC data (loss of drug cristallinity). 24211649 1 57 theme work 116:119 arg1 aim 105:107 The aim 101:107 The aim of the work 101:119 The aim of the work was to explore the potential of hot-melt extrusion (HME) for preparing hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)-based prolonged-release matrices intended for oral administration. 24211649 6 58 from ketoprofen 1144:1153 arg1 material 1130:1137 a composite material 1118:1137 a composite material from ketoprofen and HPC 1118:1161 In this respect, the formation of a composite material from ketoprofen and HPC, when mixed in specific ratios, was supposed to explain the differences observed between compressed and extruded systems in terms of morphological characteristics, hydration/swelling and release. 24211649 6 58 from ketoprofen 1144:1153 arg1 formation 1105:1113 the formation 1101:1113 the formation 1101:1113 In this respect, the formation of a composite material from ketoprofen and HPC, when mixed in specific ratios, was supposed to explain the differences observed between compressed and extruded systems in terms of morphological characteristics, hydration/swelling and release. 24211649 4 59 theme other 690:694 arg1 hand 696:699 the other hand 686:699 the other hand 686:699 On the other hand, the release rate was generally higher from HME systems probably due to an increase of the drug dissolution rate, which is in agreement with the relevant DSC data (loss of drug cristallinity). 24211649 0 60 theme HPC 65:67 arg1 matrices 69:76 HPC matrices 65:76 HPC matrices 65:76 Evaluation of hot-melt extrusion technique in the preparation of HPC matrices for prolonged release. 24211649 3 61 theme swelling 638:645 arg1 behavior 647:654 the swelling behavior 634:654 the swelling behavior of the polymeric matrices 634:680 The overall morphological/physical changes of the systems following interaction with water indicated that the manufacturing process would not exert a major influence on the swelling behavior of the polymeric matrices. 24211649 7 62 theme prolonged-release 1535:1551 arg1 matrices 1563:1570 prolonged-release swellable matrices 1535:1570 prolonged-release swellable matrices based on a cellulose derivative 1535:1602 The obtained results support the possibility of exploiting the advantages offered by HME technique, above all the potential for continuous manufacturing, in the preparation of prolonged-release swellable matrices based on a cellulose derivative. 24211649 3 63 theme overall 469:475 arg1 changes 500:506 The overall morphological/physical changes 465:506 The overall morphological/physical changes of the systems following interaction with water 465:554 The overall morphological/physical changes of the systems following interaction with water indicated that the manufacturing process would not exert a major influence on the swelling behavior of the polymeric matrices. 24211649 3 64 theme matrices 673:680 arg1 behavior 647:654 the swelling behavior 634:654 the swelling behavior of the polymeric matrices 634:680 The overall morphological/physical changes of the systems following interaction with water indicated that the manufacturing process would not exert a major influence on the swelling behavior of the polymeric matrices. 24211649 7 65 theme HME 1444:1446 arg1 technique 1448:1456 HME technique 1444:1456 HME technique 1444:1456 The obtained results support the possibility of exploiting the advantages offered by HME technique, above all the potential for continuous manufacturing, in the preparation of prolonged-release swellable matrices based on a cellulose derivative. 24211649 3 66 theme morphological/physical 477:498 arg1 changes 500:506 The overall morphological/physical changes 465:506 The overall morphological/physical changes of the systems following interaction with water 465:554 The overall morphological/physical changes of the systems following interaction with water indicated that the manufacturing process would not exert a major influence on the swelling behavior of the polymeric matrices. 24211649 6 67 from formation 1105:1113 arg1 HPC 1159:1161 HPC 1159:1161 HPC 1159:1161 In this respect, the formation of a composite material from ketoprofen and HPC, when mixed in specific ratios, was supposed to explain the differences observed between compressed and extruded systems in terms of morphological characteristics, hydration/swelling and release. 24211649 6 67 from formation 1105:1113 arg1 ketoprofen 1144:1153 ketoprofen 1144:1153 ketoprofen 1144:1153 In this respect, the formation of a composite material from ketoprofen and HPC, when mixed in specific ratios, was supposed to explain the differences observed between compressed and extruded systems in terms of morphological characteristics, hydration/swelling and release. 24211649 7 68 theme swellable 1553:1561 arg1 matrices 1563:1570 prolonged-release swellable matrices 1535:1570 prolonged-release swellable matrices based on a cellulose derivative 1535:1602 The obtained results support the possibility of exploiting the advantages offered by HME technique, above all the potential for continuous manufacturing, in the preparation of prolonged-release swellable matrices based on a cellulose derivative. 27523327 1 0 with synthase 218:225 arg1 background 261:270 a common genetic background 244:270 a common genetic background (W64A) 244:277 Morphological, thermal, and rheological properties of starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with a common genetic background (W64A) were studied and compared with the wild type. 27523327 1 0 with synthase 218:225 arg1 W64A 273:276 W64A 273:276 W64A 273:276 Morphological, thermal, and rheological properties of starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with a common genetic background (W64A) were studied and compared with the wild type. 27523327 4 1 theme additional 670:679 arg1 deficiency 681:690 additional deficiency 670:690 additional deficiency in granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) 670:730 Steady shear analysis showed that SSIII deficiency decreased the consistency coefficient and yield stress during steady shearing, whereas additional deficiency in granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) increased these values. 27523327 4 2 theme shear 539:543 arg1 analysis 545:552 Steady shear analysis 532:552 Steady shear analysis 532:552 Steady shear analysis showed that SSIII deficiency decreased the consistency coefficient and yield stress during steady shearing, whereas additional deficiency in granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) increased these values. 27523327 0 3 theme Maize 68:72 arg1 Mutants 74:80 Maize Mutants 68:80 Maize Mutants Deficient in Starch Synthase III 68:113 Morphological, Thermal, and Rheological Properties of Starches from Maize Mutants Deficient in Starch Synthase III. 27523327 2 4 from μm 396:397 arg1 size 358:361 granule size 350:361 granule size of the starches from 16.7 to ∼11 μm (volume-weighted mean) 350:420 SSIII deficiency reduced granule size of the starches from 16.7 to ∼11 μm (volume-weighted mean). 27523327 2 4 from μm 396:397 arg1 starches 370:377 the starches 366:377 the starches from 16.7 to ∼11 μm (volume-weighted mean) 366:420 SSIII deficiency reduced granule size of the starches from 16.7 to ∼11 μm (volume-weighted mean). 27523327 1 5 theme rheological 144:154 arg1 properties 156:165 Morphological, thermal, and rheological properties 116:165 Morphological, thermal, and rheological properties of starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with a common genetic background (W64A) 116:277 Morphological, thermal, and rheological properties of starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with a common genetic background (W64A) were studied and compared with the wild type. 27523327 5 6 from Hz 909:910 arg1 °C 900:901 25 °C 897:901 25 °C at 40 Hz 897:910 Dynamic oscillatory analysis showed that SSIII deficiency decreased G' at 90 °C during heating and increased it when the paste was cooled to 25 °C at 40 Hz during a frequency sweep. 27523327 4 7 theme Steady 532:537 arg1 analysis 545:552 Steady shear analysis 532:552 Steady shear analysis 532:552 Steady shear analysis showed that SSIII deficiency decreased the consistency coefficient and yield stress during steady shearing, whereas additional deficiency in granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) increased these values. 27523327 7 8 theme physical 1059:1066 arg1 properties 1068:1077 physical properties 1059:1077 physical properties of the starches 1059:1093 Structural and compositional bases responsible for these changes in physical properties of the starches are discussed. 27523327 0 9 theme Deficient 82:90 arg1 Mutants 74:80 Maize Mutants 68:80 Maize Mutants Deficient in Starch Synthase III 68:113 Morphological, Thermal, and Rheological Properties of Starches from Maize Mutants Deficient in Starch Synthase III. 27523327 1 10 theme wild 314:317 arg1 type 319:322 the wild type 310:322 the wild type 310:322 Morphological, thermal, and rheological properties of starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with a common genetic background (W64A) were studied and compared with the wild type. 27523327 4 11 theme granule-bound 695:707 arg1 GBSS 726:729 GBSS 726:729 GBSS 726:729 Steady shear analysis showed that SSIII deficiency decreased the consistency coefficient and yield stress during steady shearing, whereas additional deficiency in granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) increased these values. 27523327 4 11 theme granule-bound 695:707 arg1 synthase 716:723 granule-bound starch synthase 695:723 granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) 695:730 Steady shear analysis showed that SSIII deficiency decreased the consistency coefficient and yield stress during steady shearing, whereas additional deficiency in granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) increased these values. 27523327 0 12 from Properties 40:49 arg1 Mutants 74:80 Maize Mutants 68:80 Maize Mutants Deficient in Starch Synthase III 68:113 Morphological, Thermal, and Rheological Properties of Starches from Maize Mutants Deficient in Starch Synthase III. 27523327 2 13 theme starches 370:377 arg1 size 358:361 granule size 350:361 granule size of the starches from 16.7 to ∼11 μm (volume-weighted mean) 350:420 SSIII deficiency reduced granule size of the starches from 16.7 to ∼11 μm (volume-weighted mean). 27523327 4 14 theme steady 645:650 arg1 shearing 652:659 steady shearing 645:659 steady shearing 645:659 Steady shear analysis showed that SSIII deficiency decreased the consistency coefficient and yield stress during steady shearing, whereas additional deficiency in granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) increased these values. 27523327 8 15 theme starch 1209:1214 arg1 SSIII 1158:1162 SSIII 1158:1162 SSIII 1158:1162 This study highlighted the relationship between SSIII and some physicochemical properties of maize starch. 27523327 8 15 theme starch 1209:1214 arg1 properties 1189:1198 some physicochemical properties 1168:1198 some physicochemical properties of maize starch 1168:1214 This study highlighted the relationship between SSIII and some physicochemical properties of maize starch. 27523327 0 16 theme Starch 95:100 arg1 Synthase 102:109 Starch Synthase III 95:113 Starch Synthase III 95:113 Morphological, Thermal, and Rheological Properties of Starches from Maize Mutants Deficient in Starch Synthase III. 27523327 5 17 theme Dynamic 756:762 arg1 analysis 776:783 Dynamic oscillatory analysis 756:783 Dynamic oscillatory analysis 756:783 Dynamic oscillatory analysis showed that SSIII deficiency decreased G' at 90 °C during heating and increased it when the paste was cooled to 25 °C at 40 Hz during a frequency sweep. 27523327 7 18 theme starches 1086:1093 arg1 properties 1068:1077 physical properties 1059:1077 physical properties of the starches 1059:1093 Structural and compositional bases responsible for these changes in physical properties of the starches are discussed. 27523327 3 19 theme enthalpy 483:490 arg1 change 492:497 the enthalpy change 479:497 the enthalpy change of starch 479:507 Thermal analysis showed that SSIII deficiency decreased the enthalpy change of starch during gelatinization. 27523327 2 20 theme granule 350:356 arg1 size 358:361 granule size 350:361 granule size of the starches from 16.7 to ∼11 μm (volume-weighted mean) 350:420 SSIII deficiency reduced granule size of the starches from 16.7 to ∼11 μm (volume-weighted mean). 27523327 1 21 theme starches 170:177 arg1 properties 156:165 Morphological, thermal, and rheological properties 116:165 Morphological, thermal, and rheological properties of starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with a common genetic background (W64A) 116:277 Morphological, thermal, and rheological properties of starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with a common genetic background (W64A) were studied and compared with the wild type. 27523327 0 22 theme Morphological 0:12 arg1 Properties 40:49 Morphological, Thermal, and Rheological Properties 0:49 Morphological, Thermal, and Rheological Properties of Starches from Maize Mutants Deficient in Starch Synthase III 0:113 Morphological, Thermal, and Rheological Properties of Starches from Maize Mutants Deficient in Starch Synthase III. 27523327 1 23 theme common 246:251 arg1 background 261:270 a common genetic background 244:270 a common genetic background (W64A) 244:277 Morphological, thermal, and rheological properties of starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with a common genetic background (W64A) were studied and compared with the wild type. 27523327 1 23 theme common 246:251 arg1 W64A 273:276 W64A 273:276 W64A 273:276 Morphological, thermal, and rheological properties of starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with a common genetic background (W64A) were studied and compared with the wild type. 27523327 2 24 dep ∼11 392:394 arg1 to 389:390 to 389:390 to 389:390 SSIII deficiency reduced granule size of the starches from 16.7 to ∼11 μm (volume-weighted mean). 27523327 5 25 theme SSIII 797:801 arg1 deficiency 803:812 SSIII deficiency 797:812 SSIII deficiency 797:812 Dynamic oscillatory analysis showed that SSIII deficiency decreased G' at 90 °C during heating and increased it when the paste was cooled to 25 °C at 40 Hz during a frequency sweep. 27523327 6 26 theme GBSS 949:952 arg1 deficiency 954:963 Additional GBSS deficiency 938:963 Additional GBSS deficiency 938:963 Additional GBSS deficiency further decreased the G'. 27523327 5 27 theme frequency 921:929 arg1 sweep 931:935 a frequency sweep 919:935 a frequency sweep 919:935 Dynamic oscillatory analysis showed that SSIII deficiency decreased G' at 90 °C during heating and increased it when the paste was cooled to 25 °C at 40 Hz during a frequency sweep. 27523327 1 28 theme genetic 253:259 arg1 background 261:270 a common genetic background 244:270 a common genetic background (W64A) 244:277 Morphological, thermal, and rheological properties of starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with a common genetic background (W64A) were studied and compared with the wild type. 27523327 1 28 theme genetic 253:259 arg1 W64A 273:276 W64A 273:276 W64A 273:276 Morphological, thermal, and rheological properties of starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with a common genetic background (W64A) were studied and compared with the wild type. 27523327 3 29 theme starch 502:507 arg1 change 492:497 the enthalpy change 479:497 the enthalpy change of starch 479:507 Thermal analysis showed that SSIII deficiency decreased the enthalpy change of starch during gelatinization. 27523327 1 30 theme maize 184:188 arg1 mutants 190:196 maize mutants 184:196 maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with a common genetic background (W64A) 184:277 Morphological, thermal, and rheological properties of starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with a common genetic background (W64A) were studied and compared with the wild type. 27523327 0 31 theme Thermal 15:21 arg1 Properties 40:49 Morphological, Thermal, and Rheological Properties 0:49 Morphological, Thermal, and Rheological Properties of Starches from Maize Mutants Deficient in Starch Synthase III 0:113 Morphological, Thermal, and Rheological Properties of Starches from Maize Mutants Deficient in Starch Synthase III. 27523327 7 32 from changes 1048:1054 arg1 properties 1068:1077 physical properties 1059:1077 physical properties of the starches 1059:1093 Structural and compositional bases responsible for these changes in physical properties of the starches are discussed. 27523327 7 33 theme responsible 1026:1036 arg1 bases 1020:1024 Structural and compositional bases 991:1024 Structural and compositional bases responsible for these changes in physical properties of the starches 991:1093 Structural and compositional bases responsible for these changes in physical properties of the starches are discussed. 27523327 0 34 from Mutants 74:80 arg1 Starches 54:61 Starches 54:61 Starches from Maize Mutants Deficient in Starch Synthase III 54:113 Morphological, Thermal, and Rheological Properties of Starches from Maize Mutants Deficient in Starch Synthase III. 27523327 0 34 from Mutants 74:80 arg1 Properties 40:49 Morphological, Thermal, and Rheological Properties 0:49 Morphological, Thermal, and Rheological Properties of Starches from Maize Mutants Deficient in Starch Synthase III 0:113 Morphological, Thermal, and Rheological Properties of Starches from Maize Mutants Deficient in Starch Synthase III. 27523327 3 35 theme SSIII 452:456 arg1 deficiency 458:467 SSIII deficiency 452:467 SSIII deficiency 452:467 Thermal analysis showed that SSIII deficiency decreased the enthalpy change of starch during gelatinization. 27523327 2 36 theme SSIII 325:329 arg1 deficiency 331:340 SSIII deficiency 325:340 SSIII deficiency 325:340 SSIII deficiency reduced granule size of the starches from 16.7 to ∼11 μm (volume-weighted mean). 27523327 0 37 theme Rheological 28:38 arg1 Properties 40:49 Morphological, Thermal, and Rheological Properties 0:49 Morphological, Thermal, and Rheological Properties of Starches from Maize Mutants Deficient in Starch Synthase III 0:113 Morphological, Thermal, and Rheological Properties of Starches from Maize Mutants Deficient in Starch Synthase III. 27523327 1 38 theme deficient 198:206 arg1 mutants 190:196 maize mutants 184:196 maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with a common genetic background (W64A) 184:277 Morphological, thermal, and rheological properties of starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with a common genetic background (W64A) were studied and compared with the wild type. 27523327 5 39 theme oscillatory 764:774 arg1 analysis 776:783 Dynamic oscillatory analysis 756:783 Dynamic oscillatory analysis 756:783 Dynamic oscillatory analysis showed that SSIII deficiency decreased G' at 90 °C during heating and increased it when the paste was cooled to 25 °C at 40 Hz during a frequency sweep. 27523327 6 40 theme Additional 938:947 arg1 deficiency 954:963 Additional GBSS deficiency 938:963 Additional GBSS deficiency 938:963 Additional GBSS deficiency further decreased the G'. 27523327 4 41 dep coefficient 609:619 arg1 stress 631:636 stress 631:636 stress 631:636 Steady shear analysis showed that SSIII deficiency decreased the consistency coefficient and yield stress during steady shearing, whereas additional deficiency in granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) increased these values. 27523327 1 42 from deficient 198:206 arg1 synthase 218:225 starch synthase III 211:229 starch synthase III (SSIII) with a common genetic background (W64A) 211:277 Morphological, thermal, and rheological properties of starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with a common genetic background (W64A) were studied and compared with the wild type. 27523327 1 42 from deficient 198:206 arg1 SSIII 232:236 SSIII 232:236 SSIII 232:236 Morphological, thermal, and rheological properties of starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with a common genetic background (W64A) were studied and compared with the wild type. 27523327 2 43 theme volume-weighted 400:414 arg1 μm 396:397 16.7 to ∼11 μm 384:397 16.7 to ∼11 μm (volume-weighted mean) 384:420 SSIII deficiency reduced granule size of the starches from 16.7 to ∼11 μm (volume-weighted mean). 27523327 2 43 theme volume-weighted 400:414 arg1 mean 416:419 volume-weighted mean 400:419 volume-weighted mean 400:419 SSIII deficiency reduced granule size of the starches from 16.7 to ∼11 μm (volume-weighted mean). 27523327 7 44 theme compositional 1006:1018 arg1 bases 1020:1024 Structural and compositional bases 991:1024 Structural and compositional bases responsible for these changes in physical properties of the starches 991:1093 Structural and compositional bases responsible for these changes in physical properties of the starches are discussed. 27523327 7 45 theme Structural 991:1000 arg1 bases 1020:1024 Structural and compositional bases 991:1024 Structural and compositional bases responsible for these changes in physical properties of the starches 991:1093 Structural and compositional bases responsible for these changes in physical properties of the starches are discussed. 27523327 0 46 from Synthase 102:109 arg1 Deficient 82:90 Deficient 82:90 Deficient 82:90 Morphological, Thermal, and Rheological Properties of Starches from Maize Mutants Deficient in Starch Synthase III. 27523327 2 47 from size 358:361 arg1 μm 396:397 16.7 to ∼11 μm 384:397 16.7 to ∼11 μm (volume-weighted mean) 384:420 SSIII deficiency reduced granule size of the starches from 16.7 to ∼11 μm (volume-weighted mean). 27523327 2 47 from size 358:361 arg1 mean 416:419 volume-weighted mean 400:419 volume-weighted mean 400:419 SSIII deficiency reduced granule size of the starches from 16.7 to ∼11 μm (volume-weighted mean). 27523327 8 48 theme physicochemical 1173:1187 arg1 properties 1189:1198 some physicochemical properties 1168:1198 some physicochemical properties of maize starch 1168:1214 This study highlighted the relationship between SSIII and some physicochemical properties of maize starch. 27523327 1 49 from mutants 190:196 arg1 starches 170:177 starches 170:177 starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with a common genetic background (W64A) 170:277 Morphological, thermal, and rheological properties of starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with a common genetic background (W64A) were studied and compared with the wild type. 27523327 1 49 from mutants 190:196 arg1 properties 156:165 Morphological, thermal, and rheological properties 116:165 Morphological, thermal, and rheological properties of starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with a common genetic background (W64A) 116:277 Morphological, thermal, and rheological properties of starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with a common genetic background (W64A) were studied and compared with the wild type. 27523327 1 50 theme Morphological 116:128 arg1 properties 156:165 Morphological, thermal, and rheological properties 116:165 Morphological, thermal, and rheological properties of starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with a common genetic background (W64A) 116:277 Morphological, thermal, and rheological properties of starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with a common genetic background (W64A) were studied and compared with the wild type. 27523327 1 51 theme starch 211:216 arg1 synthase 218:225 starch synthase III 211:229 starch synthase III (SSIII) with a common genetic background (W64A) 211:277 Morphological, thermal, and rheological properties of starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with a common genetic background (W64A) were studied and compared with the wild type. 27523327 1 51 theme starch 211:216 arg1 SSIII 232:236 SSIII 232:236 SSIII 232:236 Morphological, thermal, and rheological properties of starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with a common genetic background (W64A) were studied and compared with the wild type. 27523327 1 52 from synthase 218:225 arg1 deficient 198:206 deficient 198:206 deficient 198:206 Morphological, thermal, and rheological properties of starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with a common genetic background (W64A) were studied and compared with the wild type. 27523327 3 53 theme Thermal 423:429 arg1 analysis 431:438 Thermal analysis 423:438 Thermal analysis 423:438 Thermal analysis showed that SSIII deficiency decreased the enthalpy change of starch during gelatinization. 27523327 4 54 theme starch 709:714 arg1 GBSS 726:729 GBSS 726:729 GBSS 726:729 Steady shear analysis showed that SSIII deficiency decreased the consistency coefficient and yield stress during steady shearing, whereas additional deficiency in granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) increased these values. 27523327 4 54 theme starch 709:714 arg1 synthase 716:723 granule-bound starch synthase 695:723 granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) 695:730 Steady shear analysis showed that SSIII deficiency decreased the consistency coefficient and yield stress during steady shearing, whereas additional deficiency in granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) increased these values. 27523327 0 55 from Deficient 82:90 arg1 Synthase 102:109 Starch Synthase III 95:113 Starch Synthase III 95:113 Morphological, Thermal, and Rheological Properties of Starches from Maize Mutants Deficient in Starch Synthase III. 27523327 4 56 theme consistency 597:607 arg1 coefficient 609:619 the consistency coefficient 593:619 the consistency coefficient 593:619 Steady shear analysis showed that SSIII deficiency decreased the consistency coefficient and yield stress during steady shearing, whereas additional deficiency in granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) increased these values. 27523327 1 57 theme thermal 131:137 arg1 properties 156:165 Morphological, thermal, and rheological properties 116:165 Morphological, thermal, and rheological properties of starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with a common genetic background (W64A) 116:277 Morphological, thermal, and rheological properties of starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with a common genetic background (W64A) were studied and compared with the wild type. 27523327 4 58 from deficiency 681:690 arg1 GBSS 726:729 GBSS 726:729 GBSS 726:729 Steady shear analysis showed that SSIII deficiency decreased the consistency coefficient and yield stress during steady shearing, whereas additional deficiency in granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) increased these values. 27523327 4 58 from deficiency 681:690 arg1 synthase 716:723 granule-bound starch synthase 695:723 granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) 695:730 Steady shear analysis showed that SSIII deficiency decreased the consistency coefficient and yield stress during steady shearing, whereas additional deficiency in granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) increased these values. 27523327 0 59 theme Starches 54:61 arg1 Properties 40:49 Morphological, Thermal, and Rheological Properties 0:49 Morphological, Thermal, and Rheological Properties of Starches from Maize Mutants Deficient in Starch Synthase III 0:113 Morphological, Thermal, and Rheological Properties of Starches from Maize Mutants Deficient in Starch Synthase III. 27523327 8 60 theme maize 1203:1207 arg1 starch 1209:1214 maize starch 1203:1214 maize starch 1203:1214 This study highlighted the relationship between SSIII and some physicochemical properties of maize starch. 27523327 1 61 from properties 156:165 arg1 mutants 190:196 maize mutants 184:196 maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with a common genetic background (W64A) 184:277 Morphological, thermal, and rheological properties of starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with a common genetic background (W64A) were studied and compared with the wild type. 27523327 4 62 theme SSIII 566:570 arg1 deficiency 572:581 SSIII deficiency 566:581 SSIII deficiency 566:581 Steady shear analysis showed that SSIII deficiency decreased the consistency coefficient and yield stress during steady shearing, whereas additional deficiency in granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) increased these values. 24684540 0 0 theme starch 75:80 arg1 synthase 82:89 starch synthase III 75:93 starch synthase III 75:93 Distribution of branches in whole starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III. 24684540 4 1 theme amyloliquefaciens 638:654 arg1 α-amylase 616:624 α-amylase 616:624 α-amylase of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 616:654 Clusters were produced from whole starch by hydrolysis with α-amylase of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. 24684540 5 2 theme complete 731:738 arg1 α-amylolysis 740:751 complete α-amylolysis 731:751 complete α-amylolysis 731:751 Their compositions of building blocks and chains were analyzed further by complete α-amylolysis and by debranching, respectively, whereafter the products were subjected to gel permeation and anion exchange chromatography. 24684540 3 3 from synthase 413:420 arg1 deficient 393:401 deficient 393:401 deficient 393:401 Whole starches from du1 maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with amylose content of ∼30-40% were characterized and compared with the wild type of the common genetic background W64A. 24684540 3 4 from mutants 385:391 arg1 starches 361:368 Whole starches 355:368 Whole starches from du1 maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with amylose content of ∼30-40% 355:464 Whole starches from du1 maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with amylose content of ∼30-40% were characterized and compared with the wild type of the common genetic background W64A. 24684540 7 5 dep resulted 1145:1152 arg1 compared 1214:1221 compared 1214:1221 compared to the isolated amylopectin 1214:1249 Whereas the whole starch of the wild type sample had a branched structure similar to that of its amylopectin component, the results showed that the du1 mutation resulted in more singly branched building blocks in the whole starch compared to the isolated amylopectin. 24684540 1 6 theme amylopectin 235:245 arg1 component 247:255 the amylopectin component 231:255 the amylopectin component 231:255 An earlier study explored the possibility of analyzing the distribution of branches directly in native, whole starch without isolating the amylopectin component. 24684540 7 7 theme building 1178:1185 arg1 blocks 1187:1192 more singly branched building blocks 1157:1192 more singly branched building blocks in the whole starch 1157:1212 Whereas the whole starch of the wild type sample had a branched structure similar to that of its amylopectin component, the results showed that the du1 mutation resulted in more singly branched building blocks in the whole starch compared to the isolated amylopectin. 24684540 3 8 theme % 464:464 arg1 content 447:453 amylose content 439:453 amylose content of ∼30-40% 439:464 Whole starches from du1 maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with amylose content of ∼30-40% were characterized and compared with the wild type of the common genetic background W64A. 24684540 7 9 theme amylopectin 1081:1091 arg1 component 1093:1101 its amylopectin component 1077:1101 its amylopectin component 1077:1101 Whereas the whole starch of the wild type sample had a branched structure similar to that of its amylopectin component, the results showed that the du1 mutation resulted in more singly branched building blocks in the whole starch compared to the isolated amylopectin. 24684540 8 10 dep amylose 1272:1278 arg1 materials 1300:1308 materials 1300:1308 materials 1300:1308 This suggested that amylose and/or intermediate materials in whole du1 starches likely contributed to the composition of branches. 24684540 0 11 from Distribution 0:11 arg1 starches 34:41 whole starches 28:41 whole starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III 28:93 Distribution of branches in whole starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III. 24684540 0 11 from Distribution 0:11 arg1 mutants 54:60 maize mutants 48:60 maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III 48:93 Distribution of branches in whole starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III. 24684540 2 12 theme study 274:278 arg1 aim 262:264 The aim 258:264 The aim of this study 258:278 The aim of this study was to explore if this approach can be extended to include starch mutants. 24684540 6 13 theme amylopectin 961:971 arg1 component 973:981 their isolated amylopectin component 946:981 their isolated amylopectin component 946:981 The size and structure of the clusters were compared with those of their isolated amylopectin component. 24684540 5 14 theme chains 699:704 arg1 compositions 663:674 Their compositions 657:674 Their compositions of building blocks and chains 657:704 Their compositions of building blocks and chains were analyzed further by complete α-amylolysis and by debranching, respectively, whereafter the products were subjected to gel permeation and anion exchange chromatography. 24684540 4 15 with hydrolysis 600:609 arg1 α-amylase 616:624 α-amylase 616:624 α-amylase of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 616:654 Clusters were produced from whole starch by hydrolysis with α-amylase of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. 24684540 5 16 theme gel 829:831 arg1 permeation 833:842 gel permeation 829:842 gel permeation 829:842 Their compositions of building blocks and chains were analyzed further by complete α-amylolysis and by debranching, respectively, whereafter the products were subjected to gel permeation and anion exchange chromatography. 24684540 7 17 theme isolated 1230:1237 arg1 amylopectin 1239:1249 the isolated amylopectin 1226:1249 the isolated amylopectin 1226:1249 Whereas the whole starch of the wild type sample had a branched structure similar to that of its amylopectin component, the results showed that the du1 mutation resulted in more singly branched building blocks in the whole starch compared to the isolated amylopectin. 24684540 3 18 theme deficient 393:401 arg1 mutants 385:391 du1 maize mutants 375:391 du1 maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with amylose content of ∼30-40% 375:464 Whole starches from du1 maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with amylose content of ∼30-40% were characterized and compared with the wild type of the common genetic background W64A. 24684540 3 19 theme starch 406:411 arg1 synthase 413:420 starch synthase III 406:424 starch synthase III (SSIII) with amylose content of ∼30-40% 406:464 Whole starches from du1 maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with amylose content of ∼30-40% were characterized and compared with the wild type of the common genetic background W64A. 24684540 3 19 theme starch 406:411 arg1 SSIII 427:431 SSIII 427:431 SSIII 427:431 Whole starches from du1 maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with amylose content of ∼30-40% were characterized and compared with the wild type of the common genetic background W64A. 24684540 6 20 theme isolated 952:959 arg1 component 973:981 their isolated amylopectin component 946:981 their isolated amylopectin component 946:981 The size and structure of the clusters were compared with those of their isolated amylopectin component. 24684540 8 21 theme du1 1319:1321 arg1 starches 1323:1330 whole du1 starches 1313:1330 whole du1 starches 1313:1330 This suggested that amylose and/or intermediate materials in whole du1 starches likely contributed to the composition of branches. 24684540 3 22 theme Whole 355:359 arg1 starches 361:368 Whole starches 355:368 Whole starches from du1 maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with amylose content of ∼30-40% 355:464 Whole starches from du1 maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with amylose content of ∼30-40% were characterized and compared with the wild type of the common genetic background W64A. 24684540 1 23 theme branches 171:178 arg1 distribution 155:166 the distribution 151:166 the distribution of branches 151:178 An earlier study explored the possibility of analyzing the distribution of branches directly in native, whole starch without isolating the amylopectin component. 24684540 7 24 theme sample 1026:1031 arg1 starch 1002:1007 the whole starch 992:1007 the whole starch of the wild type sample 992:1031 Whereas the whole starch of the wild type sample had a branched structure similar to that of its amylopectin component, the results showed that the du1 mutation resulted in more singly branched building blocks in the whole starch compared to the isolated amylopectin. 24684540 7 25 theme branched 1169:1176 arg1 blocks 1187:1192 more singly branched building blocks 1157:1192 more singly branched building blocks in the whole starch 1157:1212 Whereas the whole starch of the wild type sample had a branched structure similar to that of its amylopectin component, the results showed that the du1 mutation resulted in more singly branched building blocks in the whole starch compared to the isolated amylopectin. 24684540 7 26 contain had 1033:1035 arg2 structure 1048:1056 a branched structure 1037:1056 a branched structure similar to that of its amylopectin component 1037:1101 Whereas the whole starch of the wild type sample had a branched structure similar to that of its amylopectin component, the results showed that the du1 mutation resulted in more singly branched building blocks in the whole starch compared to the isolated amylopectin. 24684540 7 26 contain had 1033:1035 arg1 starch 1002:1007 the whole starch 992:1007 the whole starch of the wild type sample 992:1031 Whereas the whole starch of the wild type sample had a branched structure similar to that of its amylopectin component, the results showed that the du1 mutation resulted in more singly branched building blocks in the whole starch compared to the isolated amylopectin. 24684540 5 27 theme anion 848:852 arg1 chromatography 863:876 anion exchange chromatography 848:876 anion exchange chromatography 848:876 Their compositions of building blocks and chains were analyzed further by complete α-amylolysis and by debranching, respectively, whereafter the products were subjected to gel permeation and anion exchange chromatography. 24684540 8 28 theme branches 1373:1380 arg1 composition 1358:1368 the composition 1354:1368 the composition of branches 1354:1380 This suggested that amylose and/or intermediate materials in whole du1 starches likely contributed to the composition of branches. 24684540 3 29 theme wild 507:510 arg1 type 512:515 the wild type 503:515 the wild type of the common genetic background W64A 503:553 Whole starches from du1 maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with amylose content of ∼30-40% were characterized and compared with the wild type of the common genetic background W64A. 24684540 4 30 theme whole 584:588 arg1 starch 590:595 whole starch 584:595 whole starch 584:595 Clusters were produced from whole starch by hydrolysis with α-amylase of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. 24684540 0 31 theme branches 16:23 arg1 Distribution 0:11 Distribution 0:11 Distribution of branches in whole starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III. 0:94 Distribution of branches in whole starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III. 24684540 7 32 theme branched 1039:1046 arg1 structure 1048:1056 a branched structure 1037:1056 a branched structure similar to that of its amylopectin component 1037:1101 Whereas the whole starch of the wild type sample had a branched structure similar to that of its amylopectin component, the results showed that the du1 mutation resulted in more singly branched building blocks in the whole starch compared to the isolated amylopectin. 24684540 7 33 theme whole 1201:1205 arg1 starch 1207:1212 the whole starch 1197:1212 the whole starch 1197:1212 Whereas the whole starch of the wild type sample had a branched structure similar to that of its amylopectin component, the results showed that the du1 mutation resulted in more singly branched building blocks in the whole starch compared to the isolated amylopectin. 24684540 1 34 theme native 192:197 arg1 starch 206:211 native, whole starch 192:211 native, whole starch 192:211 An earlier study explored the possibility of analyzing the distribution of branches directly in native, whole starch without isolating the amylopectin component. 24684540 3 35 theme maize 379:383 arg1 mutants 385:391 du1 maize mutants 375:391 du1 maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with amylose content of ∼30-40% 375:464 Whole starches from du1 maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with amylose content of ∼30-40% were characterized and compared with the wild type of the common genetic background W64A. 24684540 5 36 theme building 679:686 arg1 blocks 688:693 building blocks 679:693 building blocks 679:693 Their compositions of building blocks and chains were analyzed further by complete α-amylolysis and by debranching, respectively, whereafter the products were subjected to gel permeation and anion exchange chromatography. 24684540 3 37 theme background 539:548 arg1 W64A 550:553 the common genetic background W64A 520:553 the common genetic background W64A 520:553 Whole starches from du1 maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with amylose content of ∼30-40% were characterized and compared with the wild type of the common genetic background W64A. 24684540 0 38 theme whole 28:32 arg1 starches 34:41 whole starches 28:41 whole starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III 28:93 Distribution of branches in whole starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III. 24684540 5 39 theme blocks 688:693 arg1 compositions 663:674 Their compositions 657:674 Their compositions of building blocks and chains 657:704 Their compositions of building blocks and chains were analyzed further by complete α-amylolysis and by debranching, respectively, whereafter the products were subjected to gel permeation and anion exchange chromatography. 24684540 0 40 from deficient 62:70 arg1 synthase 82:89 starch synthase III 75:93 starch synthase III 75:93 Distribution of branches in whole starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III. 24684540 3 41 theme W64A 550:553 arg1 type 512:515 the wild type 503:515 the wild type of the common genetic background W64A 503:553 Whole starches from du1 maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with amylose content of ∼30-40% were characterized and compared with the wild type of the common genetic background W64A. 24684540 7 42 theme whole 996:1000 arg1 starch 1002:1007 the whole starch 992:1007 the whole starch of the wild type sample 992:1031 Whereas the whole starch of the wild type sample had a branched structure similar to that of its amylopectin component, the results showed that the du1 mutation resulted in more singly branched building blocks in the whole starch compared to the isolated amylopectin. 24684540 9 43 theme branches 1463:1470 arg1 composition 1448:1458 the composition 1444:1458 the composition of branches 1444:1470 This study explored an alternative procedure to characterize the composition of branches in the whole starch without fractionating the components. 24684540 0 44 theme maize 48:52 arg1 mutants 54:60 maize mutants 48:60 maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III 48:93 Distribution of branches in whole starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III. 24684540 5 45 theme exchange 854:861 arg1 chromatography 863:876 anion exchange chromatography 848:876 anion exchange chromatography 848:876 Their compositions of building blocks and chains were analyzed further by complete α-amylolysis and by debranching, respectively, whereafter the products were subjected to gel permeation and anion exchange chromatography. 24684540 7 46 theme wild 1016:1019 arg1 type 1021:1024 the wild type 1012:1024 the wild type sample 1012:1031 Whereas the whole starch of the wild type sample had a branched structure similar to that of its amylopectin component, the results showed that the du1 mutation resulted in more singly branched building blocks in the whole starch compared to the isolated amylopectin. 24684540 0 47 from mutants 54:60 arg1 starches 34:41 whole starches 28:41 whole starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III 28:93 Distribution of branches in whole starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III. 24684540 0 47 from mutants 54:60 arg1 Distribution 0:11 Distribution 0:11 Distribution of branches in whole starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III. 0:94 Distribution of branches in whole starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III. 24684540 3 48 theme common 524:529 arg1 W64A 550:553 the common genetic background W64A 520:553 the common genetic background W64A 520:553 Whole starches from du1 maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with amylose content of ∼30-40% were characterized and compared with the wild type of the common genetic background W64A. 24684540 9 49 theme alternative 1406:1416 arg1 procedure 1418:1426 an alternative procedure 1403:1426 an alternative procedure to characterize the composition of branches in the whole starch without fractionating the components 1403:1527 This study explored an alternative procedure to characterize the composition of branches in the whole starch without fractionating the components. 24684540 1 50 theme earlier 99:105 arg1 study 107:111 An earlier study 96:111 An earlier study 96:111 An earlier study explored the possibility of analyzing the distribution of branches directly in native, whole starch without isolating the amylopectin component. 24684540 3 51 theme du1 375:377 arg1 mutants 385:391 du1 maize mutants 375:391 du1 maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with amylose content of ∼30-40% 375:464 Whole starches from du1 maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with amylose content of ∼30-40% were characterized and compared with the wild type of the common genetic background W64A. 24684540 6 52 theme clusters 909:916 arg1 structure 892:900 structure 892:900 structure 892:900 The size and structure of the clusters were compared with those of their isolated amylopectin component. 24684540 6 52 theme clusters 909:916 arg1 size 883:886 size 883:886 size 883:886 The size and structure of the clusters were compared with those of their isolated amylopectin component. 24684540 7 53 theme type 1021:1024 arg1 sample 1026:1031 the wild type sample 1012:1031 the wild type sample 1012:1031 Whereas the whole starch of the wild type sample had a branched structure similar to that of its amylopectin component, the results showed that the du1 mutation resulted in more singly branched building blocks in the whole starch compared to the isolated amylopectin. 24684540 3 54 theme genetic 531:537 arg1 W64A 550:553 the common genetic background W64A 520:553 the common genetic background W64A 520:553 Whole starches from du1 maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with amylose content of ∼30-40% were characterized and compared with the wild type of the common genetic background W64A. 24684540 8 55 from amylose 1272:1278 arg1 starches 1323:1330 whole du1 starches 1313:1330 whole du1 starches 1313:1330 This suggested that amylose and/or intermediate materials in whole du1 starches likely contributed to the composition of branches. 24684540 9 56 theme whole 1479:1483 arg1 starch 1485:1490 the whole starch 1475:1490 the whole starch 1475:1490 This study explored an alternative procedure to characterize the composition of branches in the whole starch without fractionating the components. 24684540 3 57 with synthase 413:420 arg1 content 447:453 amylose content 439:453 amylose content of ∼30-40% 439:464 Whole starches from du1 maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with amylose content of ∼30-40% were characterized and compared with the wild type of the common genetic background W64A. 24684540 7 58 from blocks 1187:1192 arg1 starch 1207:1212 the whole starch 1197:1212 the whole starch 1197:1212 Whereas the whole starch of the wild type sample had a branched structure similar to that of its amylopectin component, the results showed that the du1 mutation resulted in more singly branched building blocks in the whole starch compared to the isolated amylopectin. 24684540 8 59 theme whole 1313:1317 arg1 starches 1323:1330 whole du1 starches 1313:1330 whole du1 starches 1313:1330 This suggested that amylose and/or intermediate materials in whole du1 starches likely contributed to the composition of branches. 24684540 3 60 from deficient 393:401 arg1 synthase 413:420 starch synthase III 406:424 starch synthase III (SSIII) with amylose content of ∼30-40% 406:464 Whole starches from du1 maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with amylose content of ∼30-40% were characterized and compared with the wild type of the common genetic background W64A. 24684540 3 60 from deficient 393:401 arg1 SSIII 427:431 SSIII 427:431 SSIII 427:431 Whole starches from du1 maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with amylose content of ∼30-40% were characterized and compared with the wild type of the common genetic background W64A. 24684540 3 61 theme amylose 439:445 arg1 content 447:453 amylose content 439:453 amylose content of ∼30-40% 439:464 Whole starches from du1 maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with amylose content of ∼30-40% were characterized and compared with the wild type of the common genetic background W64A. 24684540 7 62 theme similar 1058:1064 arg1 structure 1048:1056 a branched structure 1037:1056 a branched structure similar to that of its amylopectin component 1037:1101 Whereas the whole starch of the wild type sample had a branched structure similar to that of its amylopectin component, the results showed that the du1 mutation resulted in more singly branched building blocks in the whole starch compared to the isolated amylopectin. 24684540 0 63 theme deficient 62:70 arg1 mutants 54:60 maize mutants 48:60 maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III 48:93 Distribution of branches in whole starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III. 24684540 0 64 from synthase 82:89 arg1 deficient 62:70 deficient 62:70 deficient 62:70 Distribution of branches in whole starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III. 24684540 2 65 theme starch 339:344 arg1 mutants 346:352 starch mutants 339:352 starch mutants 339:352 The aim of this study was to explore if this approach can be extended to include starch mutants. 24684540 1 66 dep native 192:197 arg1 whole 200:204 whole 200:204 whole 200:204 An earlier study explored the possibility of analyzing the distribution of branches directly in native, whole starch without isolating the amylopectin component. 24684540 7 67 theme du1 1132:1134 arg1 mutation 1136:1143 the du1 mutation 1128:1143 the du1 mutation 1128:1143 Whereas the whole starch of the wild type sample had a branched structure similar to that of its amylopectin component, the results showed that the du1 mutation resulted in more singly branched building blocks in the whole starch compared to the isolated amylopectin. 23997033 8 0 theme repair 1128:1133 arg1 cement 1085:1090 DCPA-p-chitosan composite cement 1059:1090 DCPA-p-chitosan composite cement 1059:1090 Based on these results, DCPA-p-chitosan composite cement can be considered as potential bone repair material. 23997033 8 0 theme repair 1128:1133 arg1 material 1135:1142 potential bone repair material 1113:1142 potential bone repair material 1113:1142 Based on these results, DCPA-p-chitosan composite cement can be considered as potential bone repair material. 23997033 4 1 theme other 641:645 arg1 hand 647:650 the other hand 637:650 the other hand 637:650 On the other hand, higher p-chitosan content or untreated chitosan incorporation lowered the performance of DCPA cements. 23997033 1 2 theme anhydrous 163:171 arg1 development 102:112 the development 98:112 the development of a biodegradable monetite [dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA), CaHPO4 ]/phosphorylated chitosan (p-chitosan) composite orthopedic cement 98:253 In this article, we report the development of a biodegradable monetite [dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA), CaHPO4 ]/phosphorylated chitosan (p-chitosan) composite orthopedic cement. 23997033 6 3 theme cell 887:890 arg1 proliferation 892:904 cell proliferation 887:904 cell proliferation 887:904 An increase in cell proliferation was observed in both DCPA and DCPA-p-chitosan. 23997033 2 4 theme handling 291:298 arg1 properties 300:309 desirable handling properties 281:309 desirable handling properties 281:309 The cement pastes showed desirable handling properties, injectability, and washout resistance. 23997033 3 5 theme p-chitosan 372:381 arg1 powders 383:389 p-chitosan powders 372:389 p-chitosan powders 372:389 The incorporation of p-chitosan powders at 5 wt % shortened the setting time of DCPA and significantly improved the mechanical performance of DCPA cement, increasing the compressive strength almost twice from 11.09 ± 1.85 MPa at 0% chitosan to 23.43 ± 1.47 MPa at 5 wt % p-chitosan. 23997033 2 6 theme desirable 281:289 arg1 properties 300:309 desirable handling properties 281:309 desirable handling properties 281:309 The cement pastes showed desirable handling properties, injectability, and washout resistance. 23997033 4 7 theme p-chitosan 660:669 arg1 content 671:677 higher p-chitosan content 653:677 higher p-chitosan content 653:677 On the other hand, higher p-chitosan content or untreated chitosan incorporation lowered the performance of DCPA cements. 23997033 3 8 theme mechanical 467:476 arg1 performance 478:488 the mechanical performance 463:488 the mechanical performance of DCPA cement 463:503 The incorporation of p-chitosan powders at 5 wt % shortened the setting time of DCPA and significantly improved the mechanical performance of DCPA cement, increasing the compressive strength almost twice from 11.09 ± 1.85 MPa at 0% chitosan to 23.43 ± 1.47 MPa at 5 wt % p-chitosan. 23997033 4 9 theme DCPA 742:745 arg1 performance 727:737 the performance 723:737 the performance of DCPA cements 723:753 On the other hand, higher p-chitosan content or untreated chitosan incorporation lowered the performance of DCPA cements. 23997033 3 10 theme DCPA 431:434 arg1 time 423:426 the setting time 411:426 the setting time of DCPA 411:434 The incorporation of p-chitosan powders at 5 wt % shortened the setting time of DCPA and significantly improved the mechanical performance of DCPA cement, increasing the compressive strength almost twice from 11.09 ± 1.85 MPa at 0% chitosan to 23.43 ± 1.47 MPa at 5 wt % p-chitosan. 23997033 3 11 theme compressive 521:531 arg1 strength 533:540 the compressive strength 517:540 the compressive strength almost twice from 11.09 ± 1.85 MPa 517:575 The incorporation of p-chitosan powders at 5 wt % shortened the setting time of DCPA and significantly improved the mechanical performance of DCPA cement, increasing the compressive strength almost twice from 11.09 ± 1.85 MPa at 0% chitosan to 23.43 ± 1.47 MPa at 5 wt % p-chitosan. 23997033 4 12 theme chitosan 692:699 arg1 incorporation 701:713 untreated chitosan incorporation 682:713 untreated chitosan incorporation 682:713 On the other hand, higher p-chitosan content or untreated chitosan incorporation lowered the performance of DCPA cements. 23997033 5 13 theme preosteoblast 838:850 arg1 MC3T3-E1 862:869 the preosteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 834:869 the preosteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 834:869 The cytocompatibility of the composite cement was investigated in vitro using the preosteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1. 23997033 3 14 theme wt 396:397 arg1 % 399:399 5 wt % 394:399 5 wt % 394:399 The incorporation of p-chitosan powders at 5 wt % shortened the setting time of DCPA and significantly improved the mechanical performance of DCPA cement, increasing the compressive strength almost twice from 11.09 ± 1.85 MPa at 0% chitosan to 23.43 ± 1.47 MPa at 5 wt % p-chitosan. 23997033 4 15 theme untreated 682:690 arg1 incorporation 701:713 untreated chitosan incorporation 682:713 untreated chitosan incorporation 682:713 On the other hand, higher p-chitosan content or untreated chitosan incorporation lowered the performance of DCPA cements. 23997033 5 16 theme cell 852:855 arg1 MC3T3-E1 862:869 the preosteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 834:869 the preosteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 834:869 The cytocompatibility of the composite cement was investigated in vitro using the preosteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1. 23997033 0 17 theme chitosan 39:46 arg1 cement 63:68 monetite/phosphorylated chitosan composite bone cement 15:68 monetite/phosphorylated chitosan composite bone cement 15:68 Development of monetite/phosphorylated chitosan composite bone cement. 23997033 6 18 located observed 910:917 arg1 DCPA-p-chitosan 936:950 DCPA-p-chitosan 936:950 DCPA-p-chitosan 936:950 An increase in cell proliferation was observed in both DCPA and DCPA-p-chitosan. 23997033 6 18 located observed 910:917 arg2 increase 875:882 An increase 872:882 An increase in cell proliferation 872:904 An increase in cell proliferation was observed in both DCPA and DCPA-p-chitosan. 23997033 6 18 located observed 910:917 arg1 DCPA 927:930 DCPA 927:930 DCPA 927:930 An increase in cell proliferation was observed in both DCPA and DCPA-p-chitosan. 23997033 0 19 theme monetite/phosphorylated 15:37 arg1 cement 63:68 monetite/phosphorylated chitosan composite bone cement 15:68 monetite/phosphorylated chitosan composite bone cement 15:68 Development of monetite/phosphorylated chitosan composite bone cement. 23997033 3 20 theme ± 566:566 arg1 MPa 573:575 11.09 ± 1.85 MPa 560:575 11.09 ± 1.85 MPa 560:575 The incorporation of p-chitosan powders at 5 wt % shortened the setting time of DCPA and significantly improved the mechanical performance of DCPA cement, increasing the compressive strength almost twice from 11.09 ± 1.85 MPa at 0% chitosan to 23.43 ± 1.47 MPa at 5 wt % p-chitosan. 23997033 1 21 theme /phosphorylated 189:203 arg1 anhydrous 163:171 a biodegradable monetite [dicalcium phosphate anhydrous 117:171 a biodegradable monetite [dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA) 117:178 In this article, we report the development of a biodegradable monetite [dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA), CaHPO4 ]/phosphorylated chitosan (p-chitosan) composite orthopedic cement. 23997033 1 21 theme /phosphorylated 189:203 arg1 cement 248:253 CaHPO4 ]/phosphorylated chitosan (p-chitosan) composite orthopedic cement 181:253 CaHPO4 ]/phosphorylated chitosan (p-chitosan) composite orthopedic cement 181:253 In this article, we report the development of a biodegradable monetite [dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA), CaHPO4 ]/phosphorylated chitosan (p-chitosan) composite orthopedic cement. 23997033 0 22 theme bone 58:61 arg1 cement 63:68 monetite/phosphorylated chitosan composite bone cement 15:68 monetite/phosphorylated chitosan composite bone cement 15:68 Development of monetite/phosphorylated chitosan composite bone cement. 23997033 4 23 theme higher 653:658 arg1 content 671:677 higher p-chitosan content 653:677 higher p-chitosan content 653:677 On the other hand, higher p-chitosan content or untreated chitosan incorporation lowered the performance of DCPA cements. 23997033 8 24 theme composite 1075:1083 arg1 material 1135:1142 potential bone repair material 1113:1142 potential bone repair material 1113:1142 Based on these results, DCPA-p-chitosan composite cement can be considered as potential bone repair material. 23997033 8 24 theme composite 1075:1083 arg1 cement 1085:1090 DCPA-p-chitosan composite cement 1059:1090 DCPA-p-chitosan composite cement 1059:1090 Based on these results, DCPA-p-chitosan composite cement can be considered as potential bone repair material. 23997033 3 25 theme wt 617:618 arg1 p-chitosan 622:631 5 wt % p-chitosan 615:631 5 wt % p-chitosan 615:631 The incorporation of p-chitosan powders at 5 wt % shortened the setting time of DCPA and significantly improved the mechanical performance of DCPA cement, increasing the compressive strength almost twice from 11.09 ± 1.85 MPa at 0% chitosan to 23.43 ± 1.47 MPa at 5 wt % p-chitosan. 23997033 3 26 theme % 581:581 arg1 chitosan 583:590 0% chitosan 580:590 0% chitosan to 23.43 ± 1.47 MPa at 5 wt % p-chitosan 580:631 The incorporation of p-chitosan powders at 5 wt % shortened the setting time of DCPA and significantly improved the mechanical performance of DCPA cement, increasing the compressive strength almost twice from 11.09 ± 1.85 MPa at 0% chitosan to 23.43 ± 1.47 MPa at 5 wt % p-chitosan. 23997033 1 27 theme chitosan 205:212 arg1 anhydrous 163:171 a biodegradable monetite [dicalcium phosphate anhydrous 117:171 a biodegradable monetite [dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA) 117:178 In this article, we report the development of a biodegradable monetite [dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA), CaHPO4 ]/phosphorylated chitosan (p-chitosan) composite orthopedic cement. 23997033 1 27 theme chitosan 205:212 arg1 cement 248:253 CaHPO4 ]/phosphorylated chitosan (p-chitosan) composite orthopedic cement 181:253 CaHPO4 ]/phosphorylated chitosan (p-chitosan) composite orthopedic cement 181:253 In this article, we report the development of a biodegradable monetite [dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA), CaHPO4 ]/phosphorylated chitosan (p-chitosan) composite orthopedic cement. 23997033 0 28 theme composite 48:56 arg1 cement 63:68 monetite/phosphorylated chitosan composite bone cement 15:68 monetite/phosphorylated chitosan composite bone cement 15:68 Development of monetite/phosphorylated chitosan composite bone cement. 23997033 3 29 theme setting 415:421 arg1 time 423:426 the setting time 411:426 the setting time of DCPA 411:434 The incorporation of p-chitosan powders at 5 wt % shortened the setting time of DCPA and significantly improved the mechanical performance of DCPA cement, increasing the compressive strength almost twice from 11.09 ± 1.85 MPa at 0% chitosan to 23.43 ± 1.47 MPa at 5 wt % p-chitosan. 23997033 8 30 theme bone 1123:1126 arg1 cement 1085:1090 DCPA-p-chitosan composite cement 1059:1090 DCPA-p-chitosan composite cement 1059:1090 Based on these results, DCPA-p-chitosan composite cement can be considered as potential bone repair material. 23997033 8 30 theme bone 1123:1126 arg1 material 1135:1142 potential bone repair material 1113:1142 potential bone repair material 1113:1142 Based on these results, DCPA-p-chitosan composite cement can be considered as potential bone repair material. 23997033 3 31 theme powders 383:389 arg1 incorporation 355:367 The incorporation 351:367 The incorporation of p-chitosan powders at 5 wt % 351:399 The incorporation of p-chitosan powders at 5 wt % shortened the setting time of DCPA and significantly improved the mechanical performance of DCPA cement, increasing the compressive strength almost twice from 11.09 ± 1.85 MPa at 0% chitosan to 23.43 ± 1.47 MPa at 5 wt % p-chitosan. 23997033 4 32 dep DCPA 742:745 arg1 cements 747:753 cements 747:753 cements 747:753 On the other hand, higher p-chitosan content or untreated chitosan incorporation lowered the performance of DCPA cements. 23997033 5 33 theme line 857:860 arg1 MC3T3-E1 862:869 the preosteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 834:869 the preosteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 834:869 The cytocompatibility of the composite cement was investigated in vitro using the preosteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1. 23997033 6 34 from increase 875:882 arg1 proliferation 892:904 cell proliferation 887:904 cell proliferation 887:904 An increase in cell proliferation was observed in both DCPA and DCPA-p-chitosan. 23997033 5 35 theme composite 785:793 arg1 cement 795:800 the composite cement 781:800 the composite cement 781:800 The cytocompatibility of the composite cement was investigated in vitro using the preosteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1. 23997033 3 36 theme DCPA 493:496 arg1 cement 498:503 DCPA cement 493:503 DCPA cement 493:503 The incorporation of p-chitosan powders at 5 wt % shortened the setting time of DCPA and significantly improved the mechanical performance of DCPA cement, increasing the compressive strength almost twice from 11.09 ± 1.85 MPa at 0% chitosan to 23.43 ± 1.47 MPa at 5 wt % p-chitosan. 23997033 0 37 theme cement 63:68 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development of monetite/phosphorylated chitosan composite bone cement. 0:69 Development of monetite/phosphorylated chitosan composite bone cement. 23997033 3 38 theme 0 580:580 arg1 % 581:581 % 581:581 % 581:581 The incorporation of p-chitosan powders at 5 wt % shortened the setting time of DCPA and significantly improved the mechanical performance of DCPA cement, increasing the compressive strength almost twice from 11.09 ± 1.85 MPa at 0% chitosan to 23.43 ± 1.47 MPa at 5 wt % p-chitosan. 23997033 3 39 theme cement 498:503 arg1 performance 478:488 the mechanical performance 463:488 the mechanical performance of DCPA cement 463:503 The incorporation of p-chitosan powders at 5 wt % shortened the setting time of DCPA and significantly improved the mechanical performance of DCPA cement, increasing the compressive strength almost twice from 11.09 ± 1.85 MPa at 0% chitosan to 23.43 ± 1.47 MPa at 5 wt % p-chitosan. 23997033 3 40 theme ± 601:601 arg1 MPa 608:610 23.43 ± 1.47 MPa 595:610 23.43 ± 1.47 MPa at 5 wt % p-chitosan 595:631 The incorporation of p-chitosan powders at 5 wt % shortened the setting time of DCPA and significantly improved the mechanical performance of DCPA cement, increasing the compressive strength almost twice from 11.09 ± 1.85 MPa at 0% chitosan to 23.43 ± 1.47 MPa at 5 wt % p-chitosan. 23997033 2 41 theme cement 260:265 arg1 pastes 267:272 The cement pastes 256:272 The cement pastes 256:272 The cement pastes showed desirable handling properties, injectability, and washout resistance. 23997033 1 42 theme biodegradable 119:131 arg1 DCPA 174:177 DCPA 174:177 DCPA 174:177 In this article, we report the development of a biodegradable monetite [dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA), CaHPO4 ]/phosphorylated chitosan (p-chitosan) composite orthopedic cement. 23997033 1 42 theme biodegradable 119:131 arg1 anhydrous 163:171 a biodegradable monetite [dicalcium phosphate anhydrous 117:171 a biodegradable monetite [dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA) 117:178 In this article, we report the development of a biodegradable monetite [dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA), CaHPO4 ]/phosphorylated chitosan (p-chitosan) composite orthopedic cement. 23997033 1 42 theme biodegradable 119:131 arg1 cement 248:253 CaHPO4 ]/phosphorylated chitosan (p-chitosan) composite orthopedic cement 181:253 CaHPO4 ]/phosphorylated chitosan (p-chitosan) composite orthopedic cement 181:253 In this article, we report the development of a biodegradable monetite [dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA), CaHPO4 ]/phosphorylated chitosan (p-chitosan) composite orthopedic cement. 23997033 1 43 theme p-chitosan 215:224 arg1 anhydrous 163:171 a biodegradable monetite [dicalcium phosphate anhydrous 117:171 a biodegradable monetite [dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA) 117:178 In this article, we report the development of a biodegradable monetite [dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA), CaHPO4 ]/phosphorylated chitosan (p-chitosan) composite orthopedic cement. 23997033 1 43 theme p-chitosan 215:224 arg1 cement 248:253 CaHPO4 ]/phosphorylated chitosan (p-chitosan) composite orthopedic cement 181:253 CaHPO4 ]/phosphorylated chitosan (p-chitosan) composite orthopedic cement 181:253 In this article, we report the development of a biodegradable monetite [dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA), CaHPO4 ]/phosphorylated chitosan (p-chitosan) composite orthopedic cement. 23997033 3 44 theme % 620:620 arg1 p-chitosan 622:631 5 wt % p-chitosan 615:631 5 wt % p-chitosan 615:631 The incorporation of p-chitosan powders at 5 wt % shortened the setting time of DCPA and significantly improved the mechanical performance of DCPA cement, increasing the compressive strength almost twice from 11.09 ± 1.85 MPa at 0% chitosan to 23.43 ± 1.47 MPa at 5 wt % p-chitosan. 23997033 1 45 theme monetite 133:140 arg1 DCPA 174:177 DCPA 174:177 DCPA 174:177 In this article, we report the development of a biodegradable monetite [dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA), CaHPO4 ]/phosphorylated chitosan (p-chitosan) composite orthopedic cement. 23997033 1 45 theme monetite 133:140 arg1 anhydrous 163:171 a biodegradable monetite [dicalcium phosphate anhydrous 117:171 a biodegradable monetite [dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA) 117:178 In this article, we report the development of a biodegradable monetite [dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA), CaHPO4 ]/phosphorylated chitosan (p-chitosan) composite orthopedic cement. 23997033 1 45 theme monetite 133:140 arg1 cement 248:253 CaHPO4 ]/phosphorylated chitosan (p-chitosan) composite orthopedic cement 181:253 CaHPO4 ]/phosphorylated chitosan (p-chitosan) composite orthopedic cement 181:253 In this article, we report the development of a biodegradable monetite [dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA), CaHPO4 ]/phosphorylated chitosan (p-chitosan) composite orthopedic cement. 23997033 2 46 theme washout 331:337 arg1 resistance 339:348 washout resistance 331:348 washout resistance 331:348 The cement pastes showed desirable handling properties, injectability, and washout resistance. 23997033 8 47 theme potential 1113:1121 arg1 cement 1085:1090 DCPA-p-chitosan composite cement 1059:1090 DCPA-p-chitosan composite cement 1059:1090 Based on these results, DCPA-p-chitosan composite cement can be considered as potential bone repair material. 23997033 8 47 theme potential 1113:1121 arg1 material 1135:1142 potential bone repair material 1113:1142 potential bone repair material 1113:1142 Based on these results, DCPA-p-chitosan composite cement can be considered as potential bone repair material. 23997033 1 48 theme [dicalcium 142:151 arg1 DCPA 174:177 DCPA 174:177 DCPA 174:177 In this article, we report the development of a biodegradable monetite [dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA), CaHPO4 ]/phosphorylated chitosan (p-chitosan) composite orthopedic cement. 23997033 1 48 theme [dicalcium 142:151 arg1 anhydrous 163:171 a biodegradable monetite [dicalcium phosphate anhydrous 117:171 a biodegradable monetite [dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA) 117:178 In this article, we report the development of a biodegradable monetite [dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA), CaHPO4 ]/phosphorylated chitosan (p-chitosan) composite orthopedic cement. 23997033 1 48 theme [dicalcium 142:151 arg1 cement 248:253 CaHPO4 ]/phosphorylated chitosan (p-chitosan) composite orthopedic cement 181:253 CaHPO4 ]/phosphorylated chitosan (p-chitosan) composite orthopedic cement 181:253 In this article, we report the development of a biodegradable monetite [dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA), CaHPO4 ]/phosphorylated chitosan (p-chitosan) composite orthopedic cement. 23997033 3 49 from MPa 573:575 arg1 strength 533:540 the compressive strength 517:540 the compressive strength almost twice from 11.09 ± 1.85 MPa 517:575 The incorporation of p-chitosan powders at 5 wt % shortened the setting time of DCPA and significantly improved the mechanical performance of DCPA cement, increasing the compressive strength almost twice from 11.09 ± 1.85 MPa at 0% chitosan to 23.43 ± 1.47 MPa at 5 wt % p-chitosan. 23997033 1 50 theme composite 227:235 arg1 anhydrous 163:171 a biodegradable monetite [dicalcium phosphate anhydrous 117:171 a biodegradable monetite [dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA) 117:178 In this article, we report the development of a biodegradable monetite [dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA), CaHPO4 ]/phosphorylated chitosan (p-chitosan) composite orthopedic cement. 23997033 1 50 theme composite 227:235 arg1 cement 248:253 CaHPO4 ]/phosphorylated chitosan (p-chitosan) composite orthopedic cement 181:253 CaHPO4 ]/phosphorylated chitosan (p-chitosan) composite orthopedic cement 181:253 In this article, we report the development of a biodegradable monetite [dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA), CaHPO4 ]/phosphorylated chitosan (p-chitosan) composite orthopedic cement. 23997033 3 51 from p-chitosan 622:631 arg1 MPa 608:610 23.43 ± 1.47 MPa 595:610 23.43 ± 1.47 MPa at 5 wt % p-chitosan 595:631 The incorporation of p-chitosan powders at 5 wt % shortened the setting time of DCPA and significantly improved the mechanical performance of DCPA cement, increasing the compressive strength almost twice from 11.09 ± 1.85 MPa at 0% chitosan to 23.43 ± 1.47 MPa at 5 wt % p-chitosan. 23997033 3 52 from % 399:399 arg1 incorporation 355:367 The incorporation 351:367 The incorporation of p-chitosan powders at 5 wt % 351:399 The incorporation of p-chitosan powders at 5 wt % shortened the setting time of DCPA and significantly improved the mechanical performance of DCPA cement, increasing the compressive strength almost twice from 11.09 ± 1.85 MPa at 0% chitosan to 23.43 ± 1.47 MPa at 5 wt % p-chitosan. 23997033 5 53 theme cement 795:800 arg1 cytocompatibility 760:776 The cytocompatibility 756:776 The cytocompatibility of the composite cement 756:800 The cytocompatibility of the composite cement was investigated in vitro using the preosteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1. 23997033 1 54 theme phosphate 153:161 arg1 DCPA 174:177 DCPA 174:177 DCPA 174:177 In this article, we report the development of a biodegradable monetite [dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA), CaHPO4 ]/phosphorylated chitosan (p-chitosan) composite orthopedic cement. 23997033 1 54 theme phosphate 153:161 arg1 anhydrous 163:171 a biodegradable monetite [dicalcium phosphate anhydrous 117:171 a biodegradable monetite [dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA) 117:178 In this article, we report the development of a biodegradable monetite [dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA), CaHPO4 ]/phosphorylated chitosan (p-chitosan) composite orthopedic cement. 23997033 1 54 theme phosphate 153:161 arg1 cement 248:253 CaHPO4 ]/phosphorylated chitosan (p-chitosan) composite orthopedic cement 181:253 CaHPO4 ]/phosphorylated chitosan (p-chitosan) composite orthopedic cement 181:253 In this article, we report the development of a biodegradable monetite [dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA), CaHPO4 ]/phosphorylated chitosan (p-chitosan) composite orthopedic cement. 23997033 8 55 theme DCPA-p-chitosan 1059:1073 arg1 material 1135:1142 potential bone repair material 1113:1142 potential bone repair material 1113:1142 Based on these results, DCPA-p-chitosan composite cement can be considered as potential bone repair material. 23997033 8 55 theme DCPA-p-chitosan 1059:1073 arg1 cement 1085:1090 DCPA-p-chitosan composite cement 1059:1090 DCPA-p-chitosan composite cement 1059:1090 Based on these results, DCPA-p-chitosan composite cement can be considered as potential bone repair material. 23997033 1 56 theme orthopedic 237:246 arg1 anhydrous 163:171 a biodegradable monetite [dicalcium phosphate anhydrous 117:171 a biodegradable monetite [dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA) 117:178 In this article, we report the development of a biodegradable monetite [dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA), CaHPO4 ]/phosphorylated chitosan (p-chitosan) composite orthopedic cement. 23997033 1 56 theme orthopedic 237:246 arg1 cement 248:253 CaHPO4 ]/phosphorylated chitosan (p-chitosan) composite orthopedic cement 181:253 CaHPO4 ]/phosphorylated chitosan (p-chitosan) composite orthopedic cement 181:253 In this article, we report the development of a biodegradable monetite [dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA), CaHPO4 ]/phosphorylated chitosan (p-chitosan) composite orthopedic cement. 24770665 5 0 theme chains 1072:1077 arg1 shortening 1042:1051 a probable shortening 1031:1051 a probable shortening of oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins 1031:1094 High-fat diet was also associated with altered lectin-binding pattern of the mucus, with a probable shortening of oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins. 24770665 3 1 theme colon 493:497 arg1 mucins 499:504 the colon mucins 489:504 the colon mucins in mice fed a high-fat diet for 25 weeks, a period sufficient to induce simple liver steatosis, to check whether the carbohydrate features of mucus can be altered by an inadequate diet 489:689 Conventional histochemistry and lectin histochemistry combined with chemical treatment and enzymatic digestion were carried out to analyze the colon mucins in mice fed a high-fat diet for 25 weeks, a period sufficient to induce simple liver steatosis, to check whether the carbohydrate features of mucus can be altered by an inadequate diet. 24770665 5 2 theme lectin-binding 989:1002 arg1 pattern 1004:1010 altered lectin-binding pattern 981:1010 altered lectin-binding pattern of the mucus 981:1023 High-fat diet was also associated with altered lectin-binding pattern of the mucus, with a probable shortening of oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins. 24770665 9 3 theme colon 1722:1726 arg1 states 1708:1713 prepathological states 1692:1713 prepathological states of the colon 1692:1726 Our investigation corroborates the usefulness of lectins histochemistry in the early diagnosis of prepathological states of the colon. 24770665 4 4 from differences 842:852 arg1 acetylation 869:879 sialic acid acetylation 857:879 sialic acid acetylation 857:879 An increase in the sialo/sulfomucins ratio with respect to control mice, assessed by computerized image analysis, was observed in the colon, although differences in sialic acid acetylation between control and mice fed a high-fat diet were not found. 24770665 2 5 theme bowel 309:313 arg1 diseases 315:322 chronic inflammatory bowel diseases 288:322 chronic inflammatory bowel diseases 288:322 Since mucus secretion can be altered in diseases, colon mucins can be regarded as a biomarker of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases or preneoplastic changes. 24770665 9 6 from usefulness 1629:1638 arg1 diagnosis 1679:1687 the early diagnosis 1669:1687 the early diagnosis of prepathological states of the colon 1669:1726 Our investigation corroborates the usefulness of lectins histochemistry in the early diagnosis of prepathological states of the colon. 24770665 4 7 theme image 790:794 arg1 analysis 796:803 computerized image analysis 777:803 computerized image analysis 777:803 An increase in the sialo/sulfomucins ratio with respect to control mice, assessed by computerized image analysis, was observed in the colon, although differences in sialic acid acetylation between control and mice fed a high-fat diet were not found. 24770665 5 8 theme glycoproteins 1082:1094 arg1 chains 1072:1077 oligosaccharide chains 1056:1077 oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins 1056:1094 High-fat diet was also associated with altered lectin-binding pattern of the mucus, with a probable shortening of oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins. 24770665 3 9 from mucins 499:504 arg1 mice 509:512 mice 509:512 mice fed a high-fat diet for 25 weeks, a period sufficient to induce simple liver steatosis, to check whether the carbohydrate features of mucus can be altered by an inadequate diet 509:689 Conventional histochemistry and lectin histochemistry combined with chemical treatment and enzymatic digestion were carried out to analyze the colon mucins in mice fed a high-fat diet for 25 weeks, a period sufficient to induce simple liver steatosis, to check whether the carbohydrate features of mucus can be altered by an inadequate diet. 24770665 3 10 theme high-fat 520:527 arg1 diet 529:532 a high-fat diet 518:532 a high-fat diet for 25 weeks, a period sufficient to induce simple liver steatosis, to check whether the carbohydrate features of mucus can be altered by an inadequate diet 518:689 Conventional histochemistry and lectin histochemistry combined with chemical treatment and enzymatic digestion were carried out to analyze the colon mucins in mice fed a high-fat diet for 25 weeks, a period sufficient to induce simple liver steatosis, to check whether the carbohydrate features of mucus can be altered by an inadequate diet. 24770665 4 11 located observed 810:817 arg1 colon 826:830 the colon 822:830 the colon 822:830 An increase in the sialo/sulfomucins ratio with respect to control mice, assessed by computerized image analysis, was observed in the colon, although differences in sialic acid acetylation between control and mice fed a high-fat diet were not found. 24770665 4 11 located observed 810:817 arg2 increase 695:702 An increase 692:702 An increase 692:702 An increase in the sialo/sulfomucins ratio with respect to control mice, assessed by computerized image analysis, was observed in the colon, although differences in sialic acid acetylation between control and mice fed a high-fat diet were not found. 24770665 9 12 theme states 1708:1713 arg1 diagnosis 1679:1687 the early diagnosis 1669:1687 the early diagnosis of prepathological states of the colon 1669:1726 Our investigation corroborates the usefulness of lectins histochemistry in the early diagnosis of prepathological states of the colon. 24770665 4 13 theme sialo/sulfomucins 711:727 arg1 ratio 729:733 the sialo/sulfomucins ratio 707:733 the sialo/sulfomucins ratio with respect to control mice 707:762 An increase in the sialo/sulfomucins ratio with respect to control mice, assessed by computerized image analysis, was observed in the colon, although differences in sialic acid acetylation between control and mice fed a high-fat diet were not found. 24770665 6 14 theme Tn 1217:1218 arg1 residues 1207:1214 GalNAc terminal residues 1191:1214 GalNAc terminal residues (Tn antigen) 1191:1227 This pattern was leading to over-expression of Galβ1,3GalNAc terminal dimers (TF antigen) and GalNAc terminal residues (Tn antigen). 24770665 6 14 theme Tn 1217:1218 arg1 antigen 1220:1226 Tn antigen 1217:1226 Tn antigen 1217:1226 This pattern was leading to over-expression of Galβ1,3GalNAc terminal dimers (TF antigen) and GalNAc terminal residues (Tn antigen). 24770665 2 15 theme diseases 315:322 arg1 mucins 247:252 colon mucins 241:252 colon mucins 241:252 Since mucus secretion can be altered in diseases, colon mucins can be regarded as a biomarker of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases or preneoplastic changes. 24770665 2 15 theme diseases 315:322 arg1 biomarker 275:283 a biomarker 273:283 a biomarker of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases or preneoplastic changes 273:347 Since mucus secretion can be altered in diseases, colon mucins can be regarded as a biomarker of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases or preneoplastic changes. 24770665 8 16 theme mucins 1544:1549 arg1 alteration 1530:1539 alteration 1530:1539 alteration of mucins 1530:1549 In conclusion, our findings confirm that a fatty-rich diet (Western-style diet) induces alteration of mucins and may be associated with colon diseases. 24770665 1 17 theme weight 99:104 arg1 proteins 117:124 high molecular weight epithelial proteins 84:124 high molecular weight epithelial proteins 84:124 Mucins are high molecular weight epithelial proteins, strongly glycosylated, and are the main component of the mucus. 24770665 1 17 theme weight 99:104 arg1 Mucins 73:78 Mucins 73:78 Mucins 73:78 Mucins are high molecular weight epithelial proteins, strongly glycosylated, and are the main component of the mucus. 24770665 8 18 theme colon 1578:1582 arg1 diseases 1584:1591 colon diseases 1578:1591 colon diseases 1578:1591 In conclusion, our findings confirm that a fatty-rich diet (Western-style diet) induces alteration of mucins and may be associated with colon diseases. 24770665 2 19 theme colon 241:245 arg1 mucins 247:252 colon mucins 241:252 colon mucins 241:252 Since mucus secretion can be altered in diseases, colon mucins can be regarded as a biomarker of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases or preneoplastic changes. 24770665 2 19 theme colon 241:245 arg1 biomarker 275:283 a biomarker 273:283 a biomarker of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases or preneoplastic changes 273:347 Since mucus secretion can be altered in diseases, colon mucins can be regarded as a biomarker of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases or preneoplastic changes. 24770665 7 20 theme mucins 1258:1263 arg1 composition 1243:1253 This altered composition 1230:1253 This altered composition of mucins 1230:1263 This altered composition of mucins can be related to a defect in the process of glycosylation, or to incomplete maturation of goblet cells, and may be an early indication of preneoplastic and neoplastic changes. 24770665 9 21 dep lectins 1643:1649 arg1 histochemistry 1651:1664 histochemistry 1651:1664 lectins histochemistry 1643:1664 Our investigation corroborates the usefulness of lectins histochemistry in the early diagnosis of prepathological states of the colon. 24770665 0 22 from chains 41:46 arg1 mice 67:70 mice 67:70 mice 67:70 High-fat diet alters the oligosaccharide chains of colon mucins in mice. 24770665 6 23 theme residues 1207:1214 arg1 over-expression 1125:1139 over-expression 1125:1139 over-expression of Galβ1,3GalNAc terminal dimers (TF antigen) and GalNAc terminal residues (Tn antigen) 1125:1227 This pattern was leading to over-expression of Galβ1,3GalNAc terminal dimers (TF antigen) and GalNAc terminal residues (Tn antigen). 24770665 8 24 theme Western-style 1502:1514 arg1 diet 1496:1499 a fatty-rich diet 1483:1499 a fatty-rich diet (Western-style diet) 1483:1520 In conclusion, our findings confirm that a fatty-rich diet (Western-style diet) induces alteration of mucins and may be associated with colon diseases. 24770665 8 24 theme Western-style 1502:1514 arg1 diet 1516:1519 Western-style diet 1502:1519 Western-style diet 1502:1519 In conclusion, our findings confirm that a fatty-rich diet (Western-style diet) induces alteration of mucins and may be associated with colon diseases. 24770665 5 25 gly glycoproteins 1082:1094 arg1 glycoproteins 1082:1094 glycoproteins 1082:1094 glycoproteins 1082:1094 High-fat diet was also associated with altered lectin-binding pattern of the mucus, with a probable shortening of oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins. 24770665 3 26 theme Conventional 350:361 arg1 histochemistry 363:376 Conventional histochemistry 350:376 Conventional histochemistry 350:376 Conventional histochemistry and lectin histochemistry combined with chemical treatment and enzymatic digestion were carried out to analyze the colon mucins in mice fed a high-fat diet for 25 weeks, a period sufficient to induce simple liver steatosis, to check whether the carbohydrate features of mucus can be altered by an inadequate diet. 24770665 3 27 theme inadequate 675:684 arg1 diet 686:689 an inadequate diet 672:689 an inadequate diet 672:689 Conventional histochemistry and lectin histochemistry combined with chemical treatment and enzymatic digestion were carried out to analyze the colon mucins in mice fed a high-fat diet for 25 weeks, a period sufficient to induce simple liver steatosis, to check whether the carbohydrate features of mucus can be altered by an inadequate diet. 24770665 6 28 theme terminal 1198:1205 arg1 residues 1207:1214 GalNAc terminal residues 1191:1214 GalNAc terminal residues (Tn antigen) 1191:1227 This pattern was leading to over-expression of Galβ1,3GalNAc terminal dimers (TF antigen) and GalNAc terminal residues (Tn antigen). 24770665 6 28 theme terminal 1198:1205 arg1 antigen 1220:1226 Tn antigen 1217:1226 Tn antigen 1217:1226 This pattern was leading to over-expression of Galβ1,3GalNAc terminal dimers (TF antigen) and GalNAc terminal residues (Tn antigen). 24770665 5 29 theme probable 1033:1040 arg1 shortening 1042:1051 a probable shortening 1031:1051 a probable shortening of oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins 1031:1094 High-fat diet was also associated with altered lectin-binding pattern of the mucus, with a probable shortening of oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins. 24770665 1 30 theme main 162:165 arg1 component 167:175 the main component 158:175 the main component of the mucus 158:188 Mucins are high molecular weight epithelial proteins, strongly glycosylated, and are the main component of the mucus. 24770665 0 31 theme High-fat 0:7 arg1 diet 9:12 High-fat diet 0:12 High-fat diet 0:12 High-fat diet alters the oligosaccharide chains of colon mucins in mice. 24770665 6 32 theme terminal 1158:1165 arg1 dimers 1167:1172 Galβ1,3GalNAc terminal dimers 1144:1172 Galβ1,3GalNAc terminal dimers (TF antigen) 1144:1185 This pattern was leading to over-expression of Galβ1,3GalNAc terminal dimers (TF antigen) and GalNAc terminal residues (Tn antigen). 24770665 6 32 theme terminal 1158:1165 arg1 antigen 1178:1184 TF antigen 1175:1184 TF antigen 1175:1184 This pattern was leading to over-expression of Galβ1,3GalNAc terminal dimers (TF antigen) and GalNAc terminal residues (Tn antigen). 24770665 6 33 theme GalNAc 1191:1196 arg1 residues 1207:1214 GalNAc terminal residues 1191:1214 GalNAc terminal residues (Tn antigen) 1191:1227 This pattern was leading to over-expression of Galβ1,3GalNAc terminal dimers (TF antigen) and GalNAc terminal residues (Tn antigen). 24770665 6 33 theme GalNAc 1191:1196 arg1 antigen 1220:1226 Tn antigen 1217:1226 Tn antigen 1217:1226 This pattern was leading to over-expression of Galβ1,3GalNAc terminal dimers (TF antigen) and GalNAc terminal residues (Tn antigen). 24770665 4 34 from increase 695:702 arg1 ratio 729:733 the sialo/sulfomucins ratio 707:733 the sialo/sulfomucins ratio with respect to control mice 707:762 An increase in the sialo/sulfomucins ratio with respect to control mice, assessed by computerized image analysis, was observed in the colon, although differences in sialic acid acetylation between control and mice fed a high-fat diet were not found. 24770665 7 35 theme neoplastic 1422:1431 arg1 changes 1433:1439 preneoplastic and neoplastic changes 1404:1439 preneoplastic and neoplastic changes 1404:1439 This altered composition of mucins can be related to a defect in the process of glycosylation, or to incomplete maturation of goblet cells, and may be an early indication of preneoplastic and neoplastic changes. 24770665 2 36 theme changes 341:347 arg1 mucins 247:252 colon mucins 241:252 colon mucins 241:252 Since mucus secretion can be altered in diseases, colon mucins can be regarded as a biomarker of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases or preneoplastic changes. 24770665 2 36 theme changes 341:347 arg1 biomarker 275:283 a biomarker 273:283 a biomarker of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases or preneoplastic changes 273:347 Since mucus secretion can be altered in diseases, colon mucins can be regarded as a biomarker of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases or preneoplastic changes. 24770665 7 37 theme goblet 1356:1361 arg1 cells 1363:1367 goblet cells 1356:1367 goblet cells 1356:1367 This altered composition of mucins can be related to a defect in the process of glycosylation, or to incomplete maturation of goblet cells, and may be an early indication of preneoplastic and neoplastic changes. 24770665 5 38 theme High-fat 942:949 arg1 diet 951:954 High-fat diet 942:954 High-fat diet 942:954 High-fat diet was also associated with altered lectin-binding pattern of the mucus, with a probable shortening of oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins. 24770665 4 39 theme computerized 777:788 arg1 analysis 796:803 computerized image analysis 777:803 computerized image analysis 777:803 An increase in the sialo/sulfomucins ratio with respect to control mice, assessed by computerized image analysis, was observed in the colon, although differences in sialic acid acetylation between control and mice fed a high-fat diet were not found. 24770665 1 40 theme high 84:87 arg1 weight 99:104 high molecular weight 84:104 high molecular weight epithelial proteins 84:124 Mucins are high molecular weight epithelial proteins, strongly glycosylated, and are the main component of the mucus. 24770665 7 41 theme incomplete 1331:1340 arg1 maturation 1342:1351 incomplete maturation 1331:1351 incomplete maturation of goblet cells 1331:1367 This altered composition of mucins can be related to a defect in the process of glycosylation, or to incomplete maturation of goblet cells, and may be an early indication of preneoplastic and neoplastic changes. 24770665 4 42 theme acid 864:867 arg1 acetylation 869:879 sialic acid acetylation 857:879 sialic acid acetylation 857:879 An increase in the sialo/sulfomucins ratio with respect to control mice, assessed by computerized image analysis, was observed in the colon, although differences in sialic acid acetylation between control and mice fed a high-fat diet were not found. 24770665 1 43 theme molecular 89:97 arg1 weight 99:104 high molecular weight 84:104 high molecular weight epithelial proteins 84:124 Mucins are high molecular weight epithelial proteins, strongly glycosylated, and are the main component of the mucus. 24770665 2 44 theme chronic 288:294 arg1 diseases 315:322 chronic inflammatory bowel diseases 288:322 chronic inflammatory bowel diseases 288:322 Since mucus secretion can be altered in diseases, colon mucins can be regarded as a biomarker of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases or preneoplastic changes. 24770665 3 45 theme enzymatic 441:449 arg1 digestion 451:459 enzymatic digestion 441:459 enzymatic digestion 441:459 Conventional histochemistry and lectin histochemistry combined with chemical treatment and enzymatic digestion were carried out to analyze the colon mucins in mice fed a high-fat diet for 25 weeks, a period sufficient to induce simple liver steatosis, to check whether the carbohydrate features of mucus can be altered by an inadequate diet. 24770665 3 46 theme chemical 418:425 arg1 treatment 427:435 chemical treatment 418:435 chemical treatment 418:435 Conventional histochemistry and lectin histochemistry combined with chemical treatment and enzymatic digestion were carried out to analyze the colon mucins in mice fed a high-fat diet for 25 weeks, a period sufficient to induce simple liver steatosis, to check whether the carbohydrate features of mucus can be altered by an inadequate diet. 24770665 1 47 theme mucus 184:188 arg1 proteins 117:124 high molecular weight epithelial proteins 84:124 high molecular weight epithelial proteins 84:124 Mucins are high molecular weight epithelial proteins, strongly glycosylated, and are the main component of the mucus. 24770665 1 47 theme mucus 184:188 arg1 component 167:175 the main component 158:175 the main component of the mucus 158:188 Mucins are high molecular weight epithelial proteins, strongly glycosylated, and are the main component of the mucus. 24770665 1 47 theme mucus 184:188 arg1 Mucins 73:78 Mucins 73:78 Mucins 73:78 Mucins are high molecular weight epithelial proteins, strongly glycosylated, and are the main component of the mucus. 24770665 0 48 theme oligosaccharide 25:39 arg1 chains 41:46 the oligosaccharide chains 21:46 the oligosaccharide chains of colon mucins in mice 21:70 High-fat diet alters the oligosaccharide chains of colon mucins in mice. 24770665 8 49 theme fatty-rich 1485:1494 arg1 diet 1496:1499 a fatty-rich diet 1483:1499 a fatty-rich diet (Western-style diet) 1483:1520 In conclusion, our findings confirm that a fatty-rich diet (Western-style diet) induces alteration of mucins and may be associated with colon diseases. 24770665 8 49 theme fatty-rich 1485:1494 arg1 diet 1516:1519 Western-style diet 1502:1519 Western-style diet 1502:1519 In conclusion, our findings confirm that a fatty-rich diet (Western-style diet) induces alteration of mucins and may be associated with colon diseases. 24770665 9 50 theme early 1673:1677 arg1 diagnosis 1679:1687 the early diagnosis 1669:1687 the early diagnosis of prepathological states of the colon 1669:1726 Our investigation corroborates the usefulness of lectins histochemistry in the early diagnosis of prepathological states of the colon. 24770665 7 51 theme glycosylation 1310:1322 arg1 process 1299:1305 the process 1295:1305 the process of glycosylation 1295:1322 This altered composition of mucins can be related to a defect in the process of glycosylation, or to incomplete maturation of goblet cells, and may be an early indication of preneoplastic and neoplastic changes. 24770665 7 52 theme altered 1235:1241 arg1 composition 1243:1253 This altered composition 1230:1253 This altered composition of mucins 1230:1263 This altered composition of mucins can be related to a defect in the process of glycosylation, or to incomplete maturation of goblet cells, and may be an early indication of preneoplastic and neoplastic changes. 24770665 0 53 theme colon 51:55 arg1 mucins 57:62 colon mucins 51:62 colon mucins 51:62 High-fat diet alters the oligosaccharide chains of colon mucins in mice. 24770665 9 54 theme prepathological 1692:1706 arg1 states 1708:1713 prepathological states 1692:1713 prepathological states of the colon 1692:1726 Our investigation corroborates the usefulness of lectins histochemistry in the early diagnosis of prepathological states of the colon. 24770665 1 55 gly glycosylated 136:147 arg1 proteins 117:124 high molecular weight epithelial proteins 84:124 high molecular weight epithelial proteins 84:124 Mucins are high molecular weight epithelial proteins, strongly glycosylated, and are the main component of the mucus. 24770665 1 55 gly glycosylated 136:147 arg1 Mucins 73:78 Mucins 73:78 Mucins 73:78 Mucins are high molecular weight epithelial proteins, strongly glycosylated, and are the main component of the mucus. 24770665 4 56 theme high-fat 912:919 arg1 diet 921:924 a high-fat diet 910:924 a high-fat diet 910:924 An increase in the sialo/sulfomucins ratio with respect to control mice, assessed by computerized image analysis, was observed in the colon, although differences in sialic acid acetylation between control and mice fed a high-fat diet were not found. 24770665 2 57 theme mucus 197:201 arg1 secretion 203:211 mucus secretion 197:211 mucus secretion 197:211 Since mucus secretion can be altered in diseases, colon mucins can be regarded as a biomarker of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases or preneoplastic changes. 24770665 2 58 theme inflammatory 296:307 arg1 diseases 315:322 chronic inflammatory bowel diseases 288:322 chronic inflammatory bowel diseases 288:322 Since mucus secretion can be altered in diseases, colon mucins can be regarded as a biomarker of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases or preneoplastic changes. 24770665 3 59 theme lectin 382:387 arg1 histochemistry 389:402 lectin histochemistry 382:402 lectin histochemistry 382:402 Conventional histochemistry and lectin histochemistry combined with chemical treatment and enzymatic digestion were carried out to analyze the colon mucins in mice fed a high-fat diet for 25 weeks, a period sufficient to induce simple liver steatosis, to check whether the carbohydrate features of mucus can be altered by an inadequate diet. 24770665 9 60 theme lectins 1643:1649 arg1 usefulness 1629:1638 the usefulness 1625:1638 the usefulness of lectins histochemistry in the early diagnosis of prepathological states of the colon 1625:1726 Our investigation corroborates the usefulness of lectins histochemistry in the early diagnosis of prepathological states of the colon. 24770665 5 61 theme altered 981:987 arg1 pattern 1004:1010 altered lectin-binding pattern 981:1010 altered lectin-binding pattern of the mucus 981:1023 High-fat diet was also associated with altered lectin-binding pattern of the mucus, with a probable shortening of oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins. 24770665 3 62 theme sufficient 557:566 arg1 25 weeks 538:545 25 weeks 538:545 25 weeks 538:545 Conventional histochemistry and lectin histochemistry combined with chemical treatment and enzymatic digestion were carried out to analyze the colon mucins in mice fed a high-fat diet for 25 weeks, a period sufficient to induce simple liver steatosis, to check whether the carbohydrate features of mucus can be altered by an inadequate diet. 24770665 3 62 theme sufficient 557:566 arg1 period 550:555 a period 548:555 a period sufficient to induce simple liver steatosis, to check whether the carbohydrate features of mucus can be altered by an inadequate diet 548:689 Conventional histochemistry and lectin histochemistry combined with chemical treatment and enzymatic digestion were carried out to analyze the colon mucins in mice fed a high-fat diet for 25 weeks, a period sufficient to induce simple liver steatosis, to check whether the carbohydrate features of mucus can be altered by an inadequate diet. 24770665 1 63 theme epithelial 106:115 arg1 proteins 117:124 high molecular weight epithelial proteins 84:124 high molecular weight epithelial proteins 84:124 Mucins are high molecular weight epithelial proteins, strongly glycosylated, and are the main component of the mucus. 24770665 1 63 theme epithelial 106:115 arg1 Mucins 73:78 Mucins 73:78 Mucins 73:78 Mucins are high molecular weight epithelial proteins, strongly glycosylated, and are the main component of the mucus. 24770665 6 64 theme TF 1175:1176 arg1 dimers 1167:1172 Galβ1,3GalNAc terminal dimers 1144:1172 Galβ1,3GalNAc terminal dimers (TF antigen) 1144:1185 This pattern was leading to over-expression of Galβ1,3GalNAc terminal dimers (TF antigen) and GalNAc terminal residues (Tn antigen). 24770665 6 64 theme TF 1175:1176 arg1 antigen 1178:1184 TF antigen 1175:1184 TF antigen 1175:1184 This pattern was leading to over-expression of Galβ1,3GalNAc terminal dimers (TF antigen) and GalNAc terminal residues (Tn antigen). 24770665 6 65 theme Galβ1,3GalNAc 1144:1156 arg1 dimers 1167:1172 Galβ1,3GalNAc terminal dimers 1144:1172 Galβ1,3GalNAc terminal dimers (TF antigen) 1144:1185 This pattern was leading to over-expression of Galβ1,3GalNAc terminal dimers (TF antigen) and GalNAc terminal residues (Tn antigen). 24770665 6 65 theme Galβ1,3GalNAc 1144:1156 arg1 antigen 1178:1184 TF antigen 1175:1184 TF antigen 1175:1184 This pattern was leading to over-expression of Galβ1,3GalNAc terminal dimers (TF antigen) and GalNAc terminal residues (Tn antigen). 24770665 4 66 theme sialic 857:862 arg1 acetylation 869:879 sialic acid acetylation 857:879 sialic acid acetylation 857:879 An increase in the sialo/sulfomucins ratio with respect to control mice, assessed by computerized image analysis, was observed in the colon, although differences in sialic acid acetylation between control and mice fed a high-fat diet were not found. 24770665 3 67 theme mucus 648:652 arg1 features 636:643 the carbohydrate features 619:643 the carbohydrate features of mucus 619:652 Conventional histochemistry and lectin histochemistry combined with chemical treatment and enzymatic digestion were carried out to analyze the colon mucins in mice fed a high-fat diet for 25 weeks, a period sufficient to induce simple liver steatosis, to check whether the carbohydrate features of mucus can be altered by an inadequate diet. 24770665 4 68 theme control 751:757 arg1 mice 759:762 control mice 751:762 control mice 751:762 An increase in the sialo/sulfomucins ratio with respect to control mice, assessed by computerized image analysis, was observed in the colon, although differences in sialic acid acetylation between control and mice fed a high-fat diet were not found. 24770665 7 69 theme early 1384:1388 arg1 indication 1390:1399 an early indication 1381:1399 an early indication of preneoplastic and neoplastic changes 1381:1439 This altered composition of mucins can be related to a defect in the process of glycosylation, or to incomplete maturation of goblet cells, and may be an early indication of preneoplastic and neoplastic changes. 24770665 3 70 theme carbohydrate 623:634 arg1 features 636:643 the carbohydrate features 619:643 the carbohydrate features of mucus 619:652 Conventional histochemistry and lectin histochemistry combined with chemical treatment and enzymatic digestion were carried out to analyze the colon mucins in mice fed a high-fat diet for 25 weeks, a period sufficient to induce simple liver steatosis, to check whether the carbohydrate features of mucus can be altered by an inadequate diet. 24770665 6 71 theme dimers 1167:1172 arg1 over-expression 1125:1139 over-expression 1125:1139 over-expression of Galβ1,3GalNAc terminal dimers (TF antigen) and GalNAc terminal residues (Tn antigen) 1125:1227 This pattern was leading to over-expression of Galβ1,3GalNAc terminal dimers (TF antigen) and GalNAc terminal residues (Tn antigen). 24770665 5 72 theme mucus 1019:1023 arg1 pattern 1004:1010 altered lectin-binding pattern 981:1010 altered lectin-binding pattern of the mucus 981:1023 High-fat diet was also associated with altered lectin-binding pattern of the mucus, with a probable shortening of oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins. 24770665 7 73 from defect 1285:1290 arg1 process 1299:1305 the process 1295:1305 the process of glycosylation 1295:1322 This altered composition of mucins can be related to a defect in the process of glycosylation, or to incomplete maturation of goblet cells, and may be an early indication of preneoplastic and neoplastic changes. 24770665 7 74 theme cells 1363:1367 arg1 maturation 1342:1351 incomplete maturation 1331:1351 incomplete maturation of goblet cells 1331:1367 This altered composition of mucins can be related to a defect in the process of glycosylation, or to incomplete maturation of goblet cells, and may be an early indication of preneoplastic and neoplastic changes. 24770665 3 75 theme simple 578:583 arg1 steatosis 591:599 simple liver steatosis 578:599 simple liver steatosis 578:599 Conventional histochemistry and lectin histochemistry combined with chemical treatment and enzymatic digestion were carried out to analyze the colon mucins in mice fed a high-fat diet for 25 weeks, a period sufficient to induce simple liver steatosis, to check whether the carbohydrate features of mucus can be altered by an inadequate diet. 24770665 2 76 theme preneoplastic 327:339 arg1 changes 341:347 preneoplastic changes 327:347 preneoplastic changes 327:347 Since mucus secretion can be altered in diseases, colon mucins can be regarded as a biomarker of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases or preneoplastic changes. 24770665 7 77 theme preneoplastic 1404:1416 arg1 changes 1433:1439 preneoplastic and neoplastic changes 1404:1439 preneoplastic and neoplastic changes 1404:1439 This altered composition of mucins can be related to a defect in the process of glycosylation, or to incomplete maturation of goblet cells, and may be an early indication of preneoplastic and neoplastic changes. 24770665 0 78 theme mucins 57:62 arg1 chains 41:46 the oligosaccharide chains 21:46 the oligosaccharide chains of colon mucins in mice 21:70 High-fat diet alters the oligosaccharide chains of colon mucins in mice. 24770665 5 79 theme oligosaccharide 1056:1070 arg1 chains 1072:1077 oligosaccharide chains 1056:1077 oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins 1056:1094 High-fat diet was also associated with altered lectin-binding pattern of the mucus, with a probable shortening of oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins. 24770665 3 80 theme liver 585:589 arg1 steatosis 591:599 simple liver steatosis 578:599 simple liver steatosis 578:599 Conventional histochemistry and lectin histochemistry combined with chemical treatment and enzymatic digestion were carried out to analyze the colon mucins in mice fed a high-fat diet for 25 weeks, a period sufficient to induce simple liver steatosis, to check whether the carbohydrate features of mucus can be altered by an inadequate diet. 24770665 7 81 theme changes 1433:1439 arg1 indication 1390:1399 an early indication 1381:1399 an early indication of preneoplastic and neoplastic changes 1381:1439 This altered composition of mucins can be related to a defect in the process of glycosylation, or to incomplete maturation of goblet cells, and may be an early indication of preneoplastic and neoplastic changes. 24770665 1 82 theme glycosylated 136:147 arg1 proteins 117:124 high molecular weight epithelial proteins 84:124 high molecular weight epithelial proteins 84:124 Mucins are high molecular weight epithelial proteins, strongly glycosylated, and are the main component of the mucus. 24770665 1 82 theme glycosylated 136:147 arg1 Mucins 73:78 Mucins 73:78 Mucins 73:78 Mucins are high molecular weight epithelial proteins, strongly glycosylated, and are the main component of the mucus. 26289003 8 0 theme TMCS 1226:1229 arg1 concentrations 1193:1206 the concentrations 1189:1206 the concentrations of Ag NPs and the TMCS 1189:1229 Moreover, the antibacterial activity of the composite nanoparticles increased along with increasing the concentrations of Ag NPs and the TMCS. 26289003 8 1 dep increased 1157:1165 arg1 increasing 1178:1187 increasing 1178:1187 increasing the concentrations of Ag NPs and the TMCS 1178:1229 Moreover, the antibacterial activity of the composite nanoparticles increased along with increasing the concentrations of Ag NPs and the TMCS. 26289003 6 2 theme 378-402 nm 964:973 arg1 range 955:959 the range 951:959 the range of 378-402 nm 951:973 The composite nanoparticles demonstrated homogeneous spherical shape with size in the range of 378-402 nm. 26289003 8 3 theme Ag 1211:1212 arg1 NPs 1214:1216 Ag NPs 1211:1216 Ag NPs 1211:1216 Moreover, the antibacterial activity of the composite nanoparticles increased along with increasing the concentrations of Ag NPs and the TMCS. 26289003 3 4 theme anionic 479:485 arg1 copolymer 523:531 anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer 479:531 anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer 479:531 Then, the Ag NPs were incorporated into interpenetrating polymeric networks based on cationic trimethyl chitosan (TMCS) and anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer to develop a new series of composite nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents. 26289003 8 5 theme composite 1133:1141 arg1 nanoparticles 1143:1155 the composite nanoparticles 1129:1155 the composite nanoparticles 1129:1155 Moreover, the antibacterial activity of the composite nanoparticles increased along with increasing the concentrations of Ag NPs and the TMCS. 26289003 1 6 theme UV-irradiation 252:265 arg1 reduction 267:275 UV-irradiation reduction 252:275 UV-irradiation reduction 252:275 In the present study, densely dispersed silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were rapidly green synthesized in the presence of Rumex dentatus aqueous extract, followed by UV-irradiation reduction. 26289003 2 7 theme UV-vis 314:319 arg1 spectroscopy 321:332 UV-vis spectroscopy 314:332 UV-vis spectroscopy 314:332 The Ag NPs were characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, and TEM. 26289003 2 8 theme Ag 282:283 arg1 NPs 285:287 The Ag NPs 278:287 The Ag NPs 278:287 The Ag NPs were characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, and TEM. 26289003 5 9 theme uniform 787:793 arg1 distribution 809:820 uniform particle size distribution 787:820 uniform particle size distribution 787:820 The synthesized Ag NPs showed high purity and uniform particle size distribution with particle size ranged between 5 and 30 nm. 26289003 3 10 theme acrylamide-co-sodium 492:511 arg1 copolymer 523:531 anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer 479:531 anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer 479:531 Then, the Ag NPs were incorporated into interpenetrating polymeric networks based on cationic trimethyl chitosan (TMCS) and anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer to develop a new series of composite nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents. 26289003 3 11 theme polymeric 412:420 arg1 networks 422:429 interpenetrating polymeric networks 395:429 interpenetrating polymeric networks based on cationic trimethyl chitosan (TMCS) and anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer to develop a new series of composite nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents 395:616 Then, the Ag NPs were incorporated into interpenetrating polymeric networks based on cationic trimethyl chitosan (TMCS) and anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer to develop a new series of composite nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents. 26289003 5 12 theme Ag 757:758 arg1 NPs 760:762 The synthesized Ag NPs 741:762 The synthesized Ag NPs 741:762 The synthesized Ag NPs showed high purity and uniform particle size distribution with particle size ranged between 5 and 30 nm. 26289003 3 13 theme acrylate 513:520 arg1 copolymer 523:531 anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer 479:531 anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer 479:531 Then, the Ag NPs were incorporated into interpenetrating polymeric networks based on cationic trimethyl chitosan (TMCS) and anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer to develop a new series of composite nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents. 26289003 0 14 theme trimethyl 4:12 arg1 composite 29:37 New trimethyl chitosan-based composite 0:37 New trimethyl chitosan-based composite 0:37 New trimethyl chitosan-based composite nanoparticles as promising antibacterial agents. 26289003 1 15 theme present 95:101 arg1 study 103:107 the present study 91:107 the present study 91:107 In the present study, densely dispersed silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were rapidly green synthesized in the presence of Rumex dentatus aqueous extract, followed by UV-irradiation reduction. 26289003 5 16 theme particle 827:834 arg1 size 836:839 particle size 827:839 particle size ranged between 5 and 30 nm 827:866 The synthesized Ag NPs showed high purity and uniform particle size distribution with particle size ranged between 5 and 30 nm. 26289003 0 17 theme New 0:2 arg1 composite 29:37 New trimethyl chitosan-based composite 0:37 New trimethyl chitosan-based composite 0:37 New trimethyl chitosan-based composite nanoparticles as promising antibacterial agents. 26289003 3 18 theme new 546:548 arg1 series 550:555 a new series 544:555 a new series of composite nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents 544:616 Then, the Ag NPs were incorporated into interpenetrating polymeric networks based on cationic trimethyl chitosan (TMCS) and anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer to develop a new series of composite nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents. 26289003 3 19 theme interpenetrating 395:410 arg1 networks 422:429 interpenetrating polymeric networks 395:429 interpenetrating polymeric networks based on cationic trimethyl chitosan (TMCS) and anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer to develop a new series of composite nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents 395:616 Then, the Ag NPs were incorporated into interpenetrating polymeric networks based on cationic trimethyl chitosan (TMCS) and anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer to develop a new series of composite nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents. 26289003 5 20 theme high 771:774 arg1 purity 776:781 high purity 771:781 high purity 771:781 The synthesized Ag NPs showed high purity and uniform particle size distribution with particle size ranged between 5 and 30 nm. 26289003 8 21 theme nanoparticles 1143:1155 arg1 activity 1117:1124 the antibacterial activity 1099:1124 the antibacterial activity of the composite nanoparticles 1099:1155 Moreover, the antibacterial activity of the composite nanoparticles increased along with increasing the concentrations of Ag NPs and the TMCS. 26289003 7 22 theme bactericidal 1037:1048 arg1 activity 1050:1057 promising bactericidal activity 1027:1057 promising bactericidal activity 1027:1057 Both Ag NPs and the composite nanoparticles showed promising bactericidal activity as compared with the control. 26289003 5 23 theme synthesized 745:755 arg1 NPs 760:762 The synthesized Ag NPs 741:762 The synthesized Ag NPs 741:762 The synthesized Ag NPs showed high purity and uniform particle size distribution with particle size ranged between 5 and 30 nm. 26289003 3 24 theme cationic 440:447 arg1 TMCS 469:472 TMCS 469:472 TMCS 469:472 Then, the Ag NPs were incorporated into interpenetrating polymeric networks based on cationic trimethyl chitosan (TMCS) and anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer to develop a new series of composite nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents. 26289003 3 24 theme cationic 440:447 arg1 chitosan 459:466 cationic trimethyl chitosan 440:466 cationic trimethyl chitosan (TMCS) 440:473 Then, the Ag NPs were incorporated into interpenetrating polymeric networks based on cationic trimethyl chitosan (TMCS) and anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer to develop a new series of composite nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents. 26289003 0 25 theme chitosan-based 14:27 arg1 composite 29:37 New trimethyl chitosan-based composite 0:37 New trimethyl chitosan-based composite 0:37 New trimethyl chitosan-based composite nanoparticles as promising antibacterial agents. 26289003 3 26 theme trimethyl 449:457 arg1 TMCS 469:472 TMCS 469:472 TMCS 469:472 Then, the Ag NPs were incorporated into interpenetrating polymeric networks based on cationic trimethyl chitosan (TMCS) and anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer to develop a new series of composite nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents. 26289003 3 26 theme trimethyl 449:457 arg1 chitosan 459:466 cationic trimethyl chitosan 440:466 cationic trimethyl chitosan (TMCS) 440:473 Then, the Ag NPs were incorporated into interpenetrating polymeric networks based on cationic trimethyl chitosan (TMCS) and anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer to develop a new series of composite nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents. 26289003 3 27 theme composite 560:568 arg1 nanoparticles 570:582 composite nanoparticles 560:582 composite nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents 560:616 Then, the Ag NPs were incorporated into interpenetrating polymeric networks based on cationic trimethyl chitosan (TMCS) and anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer to develop a new series of composite nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents. 26289003 4 28 theme acrylamide-co-sodium 638:657 arg1 poly 633:636 poly 633:636 poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) 633:667 Both TMCS and poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) were prepared in the study, and characterized using FTIR, DSC, and SEM. 26289003 4 28 theme acrylamide-co-sodium 638:657 arg1 acrylate 659:666 acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate 638:666 acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate 638:666 Both TMCS and poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) were prepared in the study, and characterized using FTIR, DSC, and SEM. 26289003 5 29 theme particle 795:802 arg1 distribution 809:820 uniform particle size distribution 787:820 uniform particle size distribution 787:820 The synthesized Ag NPs showed high purity and uniform particle size distribution with particle size ranged between 5 and 30 nm. 26289003 6 30 theme spherical 922:930 arg1 shape 932:936 homogeneous spherical shape 910:936 homogeneous spherical shape 910:936 The composite nanoparticles demonstrated homogeneous spherical shape with size in the range of 378-402 nm. 26289003 7 31 theme promising 1027:1035 arg1 activity 1050:1057 promising bactericidal activity 1027:1057 promising bactericidal activity 1027:1057 Both Ag NPs and the composite nanoparticles showed promising bactericidal activity as compared with the control. 26289003 3 32 theme nanoparticles 570:582 arg1 series 550:555 a new series 544:555 a new series of composite nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents 544:616 Then, the Ag NPs were incorporated into interpenetrating polymeric networks based on cationic trimethyl chitosan (TMCS) and anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer to develop a new series of composite nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents. 26289003 7 33 theme Ag 981:982 arg1 NPs 984:986 Ag NPs 981:986 Ag NPs 981:986 Both Ag NPs and the composite nanoparticles showed promising bactericidal activity as compared with the control. 26289003 1 34 theme Rumex 208:212 arg1 extract 231:237 Rumex dentatus aqueous extract 208:237 Rumex dentatus aqueous extract 208:237 In the present study, densely dispersed silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were rapidly green synthesized in the presence of Rumex dentatus aqueous extract, followed by UV-irradiation reduction. 26289003 3 35 theme Ag 365:366 arg1 NPs 368:370 the Ag NPs 361:370 the Ag NPs 361:370 Then, the Ag NPs were incorporated into interpenetrating polymeric networks based on cationic trimethyl chitosan (TMCS) and anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer to develop a new series of composite nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents. 26289003 6 36 theme homogeneous 910:920 arg1 shape 932:936 homogeneous spherical shape 910:936 homogeneous spherical shape 910:936 The composite nanoparticles demonstrated homogeneous spherical shape with size in the range of 378-402 nm. 26289003 7 37 theme composite 996:1004 arg1 nanoparticles 1006:1018 the composite nanoparticles 992:1018 the composite nanoparticles 992:1018 Both Ag NPs and the composite nanoparticles showed promising bactericidal activity as compared with the control. 26289003 1 38 theme dispersed 118:126 arg1 nanoparticles 135:147 densely dispersed silver nanoparticles 110:147 densely dispersed silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) 110:156 In the present study, densely dispersed silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were rapidly green synthesized in the presence of Rumex dentatus aqueous extract, followed by UV-irradiation reduction. 26289003 1 38 theme dispersed 118:126 arg1 NPs 153:155 Ag NPs 150:155 Ag NPs 150:155 In the present study, densely dispersed silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were rapidly green synthesized in the presence of Rumex dentatus aqueous extract, followed by UV-irradiation reduction. 26289003 0 39 theme promising 56:64 arg1 agents 80:85 promising antibacterial agents 56:85 promising antibacterial agents 56:85 New trimethyl chitosan-based composite nanoparticles as promising antibacterial agents. 26289003 1 40 dep green 171:175 arg1 synthesized 177:187 synthesized 177:187 green synthesized in the presence of Rumex dentatus aqueous extract 171:237 In the present study, densely dispersed silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were rapidly green synthesized in the presence of Rumex dentatus aqueous extract, followed by UV-irradiation reduction. 26289003 1 41 theme silver 128:133 arg1 nanoparticles 135:147 densely dispersed silver nanoparticles 110:147 densely dispersed silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) 110:156 In the present study, densely dispersed silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were rapidly green synthesized in the presence of Rumex dentatus aqueous extract, followed by UV-irradiation reduction. 26289003 1 41 theme silver 128:133 arg1 NPs 153:155 Ag NPs 150:155 Ag NPs 150:155 In the present study, densely dispersed silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were rapidly green synthesized in the presence of Rumex dentatus aqueous extract, followed by UV-irradiation reduction. 26289003 1 42 theme Ag 150:151 arg1 nanoparticles 135:147 densely dispersed silver nanoparticles 110:147 densely dispersed silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) 110:156 In the present study, densely dispersed silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were rapidly green synthesized in the presence of Rumex dentatus aqueous extract, followed by UV-irradiation reduction. 26289003 1 42 theme Ag 150:151 arg1 NPs 153:155 Ag NPs 150:155 Ag NPs 150:155 In the present study, densely dispersed silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were rapidly green synthesized in the presence of Rumex dentatus aqueous extract, followed by UV-irradiation reduction. 26289003 3 43 theme antibacterial 597:609 arg1 agents 611:616 potential antibacterial agents 587:616 potential antibacterial agents 587:616 Then, the Ag NPs were incorporated into interpenetrating polymeric networks based on cationic trimethyl chitosan (TMCS) and anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer to develop a new series of composite nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents. 26289003 1 44 theme dentatus 214:221 arg1 extract 231:237 Rumex dentatus aqueous extract 208:237 Rumex dentatus aqueous extract 208:237 In the present study, densely dispersed silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were rapidly green synthesized in the presence of Rumex dentatus aqueous extract, followed by UV-irradiation reduction. 26289003 8 45 theme NPs 1214:1216 arg1 concentrations 1193:1206 the concentrations 1189:1206 the concentrations of Ag NPs and the TMCS 1189:1229 Moreover, the antibacterial activity of the composite nanoparticles increased along with increasing the concentrations of Ag NPs and the TMCS. 26289003 1 46 theme aqueous 223:229 arg1 extract 231:237 Rumex dentatus aqueous extract 208:237 Rumex dentatus aqueous extract 208:237 In the present study, densely dispersed silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were rapidly green synthesized in the presence of Rumex dentatus aqueous extract, followed by UV-irradiation reduction. 26289003 8 47 theme antibacterial 1103:1115 arg1 activity 1117:1124 the antibacterial activity 1099:1124 the antibacterial activity of the composite nanoparticles 1099:1155 Moreover, the antibacterial activity of the composite nanoparticles increased along with increasing the concentrations of Ag NPs and the TMCS. 26289003 5 48 theme size 804:807 arg1 distribution 809:820 uniform particle size distribution 787:820 uniform particle size distribution 787:820 The synthesized Ag NPs showed high purity and uniform particle size distribution with particle size ranged between 5 and 30 nm. 26289003 3 49 theme poly 487:490 arg1 copolymer 523:531 anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer 479:531 anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer 479:531 Then, the Ag NPs were incorporated into interpenetrating polymeric networks based on cationic trimethyl chitosan (TMCS) and anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer to develop a new series of composite nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents. 26289003 1 50 theme extract 231:237 arg1 presence 196:203 the presence 192:203 the presence of Rumex dentatus aqueous extract 192:237 In the present study, densely dispersed silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were rapidly green synthesized in the presence of Rumex dentatus aqueous extract, followed by UV-irradiation reduction. 26289003 0 51 theme antibacterial 66:78 arg1 agents 80:85 promising antibacterial agents 56:85 promising antibacterial agents 56:85 New trimethyl chitosan-based composite nanoparticles as promising antibacterial agents. 26289003 6 52 theme composite 873:881 arg1 nanoparticles 883:895 The composite nanoparticles 869:895 The composite nanoparticles 869:895 The composite nanoparticles demonstrated homogeneous spherical shape with size in the range of 378-402 nm. 26289003 3 53 theme potential 587:595 arg1 agents 611:616 potential antibacterial agents 587:616 potential antibacterial agents 587:616 Then, the Ag NPs were incorporated into interpenetrating polymeric networks based on cationic trimethyl chitosan (TMCS) and anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymer to develop a new series of composite nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents. 27083828 8 0 theme PECs 1196:1199 arg1 potential 1177:1185 the potential 1173:1185 the potential of these PECs for targeting different agents to the vessel wall in the prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of vascular disease 1173:1311 Overall, these findings confirmed the potential of these PECs for targeting different agents to the vessel wall in the prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of vascular disease. 27083828 6 1 theme cell 953:956 arg1 line 958:961 a murine heart endothelium-derived cell line 918:961 a murine heart endothelium-derived cell line 918:961 PECs were not cytotoxic for a murine heart endothelium-derived cell line. 27083828 7 2 theme fluorescently-labeled 1026:1046 arg1 PECs 1048:1051 fluorescently-labeled PECs 1026:1051 fluorescently-labeled PECs 1026:1051 Fluorescent confocal microscopy showed the specific uptake of fluorescently-labeled PECs by endothelial cells when they were cultured alone or in the presence of macrophages. 27083828 3 3 theme polyanionic 517:527 arg1 polysaccharide 529:542 polyanionic polysaccharide 517:542 low molecular mass dermatan sulfate (polyanionic polysaccharide) 480:543 Here, we produced polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) by a simple and reproducible polyelectrolyte complexation method between low molecular mass dermatan sulfate (polyanionic polysaccharide) and chitosan (polycationic polysaccharide), and evaluated the cellular uptake by vascular endothelial cells. 27083828 8 4 dep prevention 1258:1267 arg1 the 1254:1256 the 1254:1256 the 1254:1256 Overall, these findings confirmed the potential of these PECs for targeting different agents to the vessel wall in the prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of vascular disease. 27083828 6 5 theme endothelium-derived 933:951 arg1 line 958:961 a murine heart endothelium-derived cell line 918:961 a murine heart endothelium-derived cell line 918:961 PECs were not cytotoxic for a murine heart endothelium-derived cell line. 27083828 4 6 gly homogeneity 690:700 arg1 PECs 705:708 PECs 705:708 PECs 705:708 The composition and the composition homogeneity of PECs were confirmed by (13)C-CP-MAS spectroscopy and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively. 27083828 1 7 from cause 174:178 arg1 world 207:211 the world 203:211 the world 203:211 Cardiovascular disease is the largest single cause of morbid-mortality in the world. 27083828 0 8 theme vascular 111:118 arg1 disease 120:126 vascular disease 111:126 vascular disease 111:126 Dermatan sulfate/chitosan polyelectrolyte complex with potential application in the treatment and diagnosis of vascular disease. 27083828 6 9 theme heart 927:931 arg1 line 958:961 a murine heart endothelium-derived cell line 918:961 a murine heart endothelium-derived cell line 918:961 PECs were not cytotoxic for a murine heart endothelium-derived cell line. 27083828 3 10 theme polycationic 559:570 arg1 chitosan 549:556 chitosan 549:556 chitosan (polycationic polysaccharide) 549:586 Here, we produced polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) by a simple and reproducible polyelectrolyte complexation method between low molecular mass dermatan sulfate (polyanionic polysaccharide) and chitosan (polycationic polysaccharide), and evaluated the cellular uptake by vascular endothelial cells. 27083828 3 10 theme polycationic 559:570 arg1 polysaccharide 572:585 polycationic polysaccharide 559:585 polycationic polysaccharide 559:585 Here, we produced polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) by a simple and reproducible polyelectrolyte complexation method between low molecular mass dermatan sulfate (polyanionic polysaccharide) and chitosan (polycationic polysaccharide), and evaluated the cellular uptake by vascular endothelial cells. 27083828 6 11 theme murine 920:925 arg1 line 958:961 a murine heart endothelium-derived cell line 918:961 a murine heart endothelium-derived cell line 918:961 PECs were not cytotoxic for a murine heart endothelium-derived cell line. 27083828 2 12 theme vessel 298:303 arg1 wall 305:308 the blood vessel wall 288:308 the blood vessel wall instead of just controlling the risk factors 288:353 However, there is still no pharmaceutical treatment that directly targets the blood vessel wall instead of just controlling the risk factors. 27083828 4 13 theme C-CP-MAS 732:739 arg1 spectroscopy 741:752 (13)C-CP-MAS spectroscopy 728:752 (13)C-CP-MAS spectroscopy 728:752 The composition and the composition homogeneity of PECs were confirmed by (13)C-CP-MAS spectroscopy and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively. 27083828 0 14 from application 65:75 arg1 diagnosis 98:106 diagnosis 98:106 diagnosis 98:106 Dermatan sulfate/chitosan polyelectrolyte complex with potential application in the treatment and diagnosis of vascular disease. 27083828 0 14 from application 65:75 arg1 treatment 84:92 treatment 84:92 treatment 84:92 Dermatan sulfate/chitosan polyelectrolyte complex with potential application in the treatment and diagnosis of vascular disease. 27083828 2 15 theme blood 292:296 arg1 wall 305:308 the blood vessel wall 288:308 the blood vessel wall instead of just controlling the risk factors 288:353 However, there is still no pharmaceutical treatment that directly targets the blood vessel wall instead of just controlling the risk factors. 27083828 8 16 theme vessel 1239:1244 arg1 wall 1246:1249 the vessel wall 1235:1249 the vessel wall in the prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of vascular disease 1235:1311 Overall, these findings confirmed the potential of these PECs for targeting different agents to the vessel wall in the prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of vascular disease. 27083828 1 17 theme morbid-mortality 183:198 arg1 cause 174:178 the largest single cause 155:178 the largest single cause of morbid-mortality in the world 155:211 Cardiovascular disease is the largest single cause of morbid-mortality in the world. 27083828 1 17 theme morbid-mortality 183:198 arg1 disease 144:150 Cardiovascular disease 129:150 Cardiovascular disease 129:150 Cardiovascular disease is the largest single cause of morbid-mortality in the world. 27083828 0 18 theme disease 120:126 arg1 diagnosis 98:106 diagnosis 98:106 diagnosis 98:106 Dermatan sulfate/chitosan polyelectrolyte complex with potential application in the treatment and diagnosis of vascular disease. 27083828 0 18 theme disease 120:126 arg1 treatment 84:92 treatment 84:92 treatment 84:92 Dermatan sulfate/chitosan polyelectrolyte complex with potential application in the treatment and diagnosis of vascular disease. 27083828 7 19 theme confocal 976:983 arg1 microscopy 985:994 Fluorescent confocal microscopy 964:994 Fluorescent confocal microscopy 964:994 Fluorescent confocal microscopy showed the specific uptake of fluorescently-labeled PECs by endothelial cells when they were cultured alone or in the presence of macrophages. 27083828 6 20 link endothelium-derived 933:951 arg1 line 958:961 a murine heart endothelium-derived cell line 918:961 a murine heart endothelium-derived cell line 918:961 PECs were not cytotoxic for a murine heart endothelium-derived cell line. 27083828 3 21 theme complexation 452:463 arg1 method 465:470 a simple and reproducible polyelectrolyte complexation method 410:470 a simple and reproducible polyelectrolyte complexation method between low molecular mass dermatan sulfate (polyanionic polysaccharide) and chitosan (polycationic polysaccharide) 410:586 Here, we produced polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) by a simple and reproducible polyelectrolyte complexation method between low molecular mass dermatan sulfate (polyanionic polysaccharide) and chitosan (polycationic polysaccharide), and evaluated the cellular uptake by vascular endothelial cells. 27083828 7 22 theme macrophages 1126:1136 arg1 presence 1114:1121 the presence 1110:1121 the presence of macrophages 1110:1136 Fluorescent confocal microscopy showed the specific uptake of fluorescently-labeled PECs by endothelial cells when they were cultured alone or in the presence of macrophages. 27083828 4 23 theme PECs 705:708 arg1 homogeneity 690:700 the composition homogeneity 674:700 the composition homogeneity 674:700 The composition and the composition homogeneity of PECs were confirmed by (13)C-CP-MAS spectroscopy and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively. 27083828 4 23 theme PECs 705:708 arg1 composition 658:668 composition 658:668 composition 658:668 The composition and the composition homogeneity of PECs were confirmed by (13)C-CP-MAS spectroscopy and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively. 27083828 3 24 theme reproducible 423:434 arg1 method 465:470 a simple and reproducible polyelectrolyte complexation method 410:470 a simple and reproducible polyelectrolyte complexation method between low molecular mass dermatan sulfate (polyanionic polysaccharide) and chitosan (polycationic polysaccharide) 410:586 Here, we produced polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) by a simple and reproducible polyelectrolyte complexation method between low molecular mass dermatan sulfate (polyanionic polysaccharide) and chitosan (polycationic polysaccharide), and evaluated the cellular uptake by vascular endothelial cells. 27083828 3 25 theme polyelectrolyte 374:388 arg1 PECs 401:404 PECs 401:404 PECs 401:404 Here, we produced polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) by a simple and reproducible polyelectrolyte complexation method between low molecular mass dermatan sulfate (polyanionic polysaccharide) and chitosan (polycationic polysaccharide), and evaluated the cellular uptake by vascular endothelial cells. 27083828 3 25 theme polyelectrolyte 374:388 arg1 complexes 390:398 polyelectrolyte complexes 374:398 polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) 374:405 Here, we produced polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) by a simple and reproducible polyelectrolyte complexation method between low molecular mass dermatan sulfate (polyanionic polysaccharide) and chitosan (polycationic polysaccharide), and evaluated the cellular uptake by vascular endothelial cells. 27083828 8 26 theme different 1215:1223 arg1 agents 1225:1230 different agents 1215:1230 different agents 1215:1230 Overall, these findings confirmed the potential of these PECs for targeting different agents to the vessel wall in the prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of vascular disease. 27083828 7 27 theme Fluorescent 964:974 arg1 microscopy 985:994 Fluorescent confocal microscopy 964:994 Fluorescent confocal microscopy 964:994 Fluorescent confocal microscopy showed the specific uptake of fluorescently-labeled PECs by endothelial cells when they were cultured alone or in the presence of macrophages. 27083828 0 28 dep treatment 84:92 arg1 the 80:82 the 80:82 the 80:82 Dermatan sulfate/chitosan polyelectrolyte complex with potential application in the treatment and diagnosis of vascular disease. 27083828 7 29 theme specific 1007:1014 arg1 uptake 1016:1021 the specific uptake 1003:1021 the specific uptake of fluorescently-labeled PECs by endothelial cells 1003:1072 Fluorescent confocal microscopy showed the specific uptake of fluorescently-labeled PECs by endothelial cells when they were cultured alone or in the presence of macrophages. 27083828 3 30 theme low 480:482 arg1 sulfate 508:514 low molecular mass dermatan sulfate 480:514 low molecular mass dermatan sulfate (polyanionic polysaccharide) 480:543 Here, we produced polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) by a simple and reproducible polyelectrolyte complexation method between low molecular mass dermatan sulfate (polyanionic polysaccharide) and chitosan (polycationic polysaccharide), and evaluated the cellular uptake by vascular endothelial cells. 27083828 0 31 theme polyelectrolyte 26:40 arg1 complex 42:48 polyelectrolyte complex 26:48 polyelectrolyte complex with potential application in the treatment and diagnosis of vascular disease 26:126 Dermatan sulfate/chitosan polyelectrolyte complex with potential application in the treatment and diagnosis of vascular disease. 27083828 3 32 dep sulfate 508:514 arg1 polysaccharide 529:542 polyanionic polysaccharide 517:542 low molecular mass dermatan sulfate (polyanionic polysaccharide) 480:543 Here, we produced polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) by a simple and reproducible polyelectrolyte complexation method between low molecular mass dermatan sulfate (polyanionic polysaccharide) and chitosan (polycationic polysaccharide), and evaluated the cellular uptake by vascular endothelial cells. 27083828 4 33 theme polyacrylamide 761:774 arg1 electrophoresis 780:794 polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 761:794 polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 761:794 The composition and the composition homogeneity of PECs were confirmed by (13)C-CP-MAS spectroscopy and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively. 27083828 3 34 theme molecular 484:492 arg1 sulfate 508:514 low molecular mass dermatan sulfate 480:514 low molecular mass dermatan sulfate (polyanionic polysaccharide) 480:543 Here, we produced polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) by a simple and reproducible polyelectrolyte complexation method between low molecular mass dermatan sulfate (polyanionic polysaccharide) and chitosan (polycationic polysaccharide), and evaluated the cellular uptake by vascular endothelial cells. 27083828 0 35 theme potential 55:63 arg1 application 65:75 potential application 55:75 potential application in the treatment and diagnosis of vascular disease 55:126 Dermatan sulfate/chitosan polyelectrolyte complex with potential application in the treatment and diagnosis of vascular disease. 27083828 2 36 theme pharmaceutical 241:254 arg1 treatment 256:264 no pharmaceutical treatment 238:264 no pharmaceutical treatment that directly targets the blood vessel wall instead of just controlling the risk factors 238:353 However, there is still no pharmaceutical treatment that directly targets the blood vessel wall instead of just controlling the risk factors. 27083828 3 37 theme polyelectrolyte 436:450 arg1 method 465:470 a simple and reproducible polyelectrolyte complexation method 410:470 a simple and reproducible polyelectrolyte complexation method between low molecular mass dermatan sulfate (polyanionic polysaccharide) and chitosan (polycationic polysaccharide) 410:586 Here, we produced polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) by a simple and reproducible polyelectrolyte complexation method between low molecular mass dermatan sulfate (polyanionic polysaccharide) and chitosan (polycationic polysaccharide), and evaluated the cellular uptake by vascular endothelial cells. 27083828 3 38 theme simple 412:417 arg1 method 465:470 a simple and reproducible polyelectrolyte complexation method 410:470 a simple and reproducible polyelectrolyte complexation method between low molecular mass dermatan sulfate (polyanionic polysaccharide) and chitosan (polycationic polysaccharide) 410:586 Here, we produced polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) by a simple and reproducible polyelectrolyte complexation method between low molecular mass dermatan sulfate (polyanionic polysaccharide) and chitosan (polycationic polysaccharide), and evaluated the cellular uptake by vascular endothelial cells. 27083828 5 39 theme dynamic 850:856 arg1 scattering 864:873 dynamic light scattering 850:873 dynamic light scattering 850:873 The hydrodynamic radius, determined by dynamic light scattering, was 729±11nm. 27083828 0 40 with complex 42:48 arg1 application 65:75 potential application 55:75 potential application in the treatment and diagnosis of vascular disease 55:126 Dermatan sulfate/chitosan polyelectrolyte complex with potential application in the treatment and diagnosis of vascular disease. 27083828 8 41 theme disease 1305:1311 arg1 diagnosis 1270:1278 diagnosis 1270:1278 diagnosis 1270:1278 Overall, these findings confirmed the potential of these PECs for targeting different agents to the vessel wall in the prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of vascular disease. 27083828 8 41 theme disease 1305:1311 arg1 therapy 1285:1291 therapy 1285:1291 therapy 1285:1291 Overall, these findings confirmed the potential of these PECs for targeting different agents to the vessel wall in the prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of vascular disease. 27083828 8 41 theme disease 1305:1311 arg1 prevention 1258:1267 prevention 1258:1267 prevention 1258:1267 Overall, these findings confirmed the potential of these PECs for targeting different agents to the vessel wall in the prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of vascular disease. 27083828 4 42 dep composition 658:668 arg1 The 654:656 The 654:656 The 654:656 The composition and the composition homogeneity of PECs were confirmed by (13)C-CP-MAS spectroscopy and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively. 27083828 1 43 theme Cardiovascular 129:142 arg1 cause 174:178 the largest single cause 155:178 the largest single cause of morbid-mortality in the world 155:211 Cardiovascular disease is the largest single cause of morbid-mortality in the world. 27083828 1 43 theme Cardiovascular 129:142 arg1 disease 144:150 Cardiovascular disease 129:150 Cardiovascular disease 129:150 Cardiovascular disease is the largest single cause of morbid-mortality in the world. 27083828 3 44 theme cellular 607:614 arg1 uptake 616:621 the cellular uptake 603:621 the cellular uptake by vascular endothelial cells 603:651 Here, we produced polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) by a simple and reproducible polyelectrolyte complexation method between low molecular mass dermatan sulfate (polyanionic polysaccharide) and chitosan (polycationic polysaccharide), and evaluated the cellular uptake by vascular endothelial cells. 27083828 7 45 theme endothelial 1056:1066 arg1 cells 1068:1072 endothelial cells 1056:1072 endothelial cells 1056:1072 Fluorescent confocal microscopy showed the specific uptake of fluorescently-labeled PECs by endothelial cells when they were cultured alone or in the presence of macrophages. 27083828 5 46 theme hydrodynamic 815:826 arg1 radius 828:833 The hydrodynamic radius 811:833 The hydrodynamic radius 811:833 The hydrodynamic radius, determined by dynamic light scattering, was 729±11nm. 27083828 5 46 theme hydrodynamic 815:826 arg1 729±11nm 880:887 729±11nm 880:887 729±11nm 880:887 The hydrodynamic radius, determined by dynamic light scattering, was 729±11nm. 27083828 2 47 theme risk 342:345 arg1 factors 347:353 the risk factors 338:353 the risk factors 338:353 However, there is still no pharmaceutical treatment that directly targets the blood vessel wall instead of just controlling the risk factors. 27083828 4 48 theme gel 776:778 arg1 electrophoresis 780:794 polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 761:794 polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 761:794 The composition and the composition homogeneity of PECs were confirmed by (13)C-CP-MAS spectroscopy and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively. 27083828 5 49 theme light 858:862 arg1 scattering 864:873 dynamic light scattering 850:873 dynamic light scattering 850:873 The hydrodynamic radius, determined by dynamic light scattering, was 729±11nm. 27083828 7 50 theme PECs 1048:1051 arg1 uptake 1016:1021 the specific uptake 1003:1021 the specific uptake of fluorescently-labeled PECs by endothelial cells 1003:1072 Fluorescent confocal microscopy showed the specific uptake of fluorescently-labeled PECs by endothelial cells when they were cultured alone or in the presence of macrophages. 27083828 3 51 theme dermatan 499:506 arg1 sulfate 508:514 low molecular mass dermatan sulfate 480:514 low molecular mass dermatan sulfate (polyanionic polysaccharide) 480:543 Here, we produced polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) by a simple and reproducible polyelectrolyte complexation method between low molecular mass dermatan sulfate (polyanionic polysaccharide) and chitosan (polycationic polysaccharide), and evaluated the cellular uptake by vascular endothelial cells. 27083828 3 52 theme mass 494:497 arg1 sulfate 508:514 low molecular mass dermatan sulfate 480:514 low molecular mass dermatan sulfate (polyanionic polysaccharide) 480:543 Here, we produced polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) by a simple and reproducible polyelectrolyte complexation method between low molecular mass dermatan sulfate (polyanionic polysaccharide) and chitosan (polycationic polysaccharide), and evaluated the cellular uptake by vascular endothelial cells. 27083828 3 53 theme vascular 626:633 arg1 cells 647:651 vascular endothelial cells 626:651 vascular endothelial cells 626:651 Here, we produced polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) by a simple and reproducible polyelectrolyte complexation method between low molecular mass dermatan sulfate (polyanionic polysaccharide) and chitosan (polycationic polysaccharide), and evaluated the cellular uptake by vascular endothelial cells. 27083828 8 54 theme vascular 1296:1303 arg1 disease 1305:1311 vascular disease 1296:1311 vascular disease 1296:1311 Overall, these findings confirmed the potential of these PECs for targeting different agents to the vessel wall in the prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of vascular disease. 27083828 1 55 theme largest 159:165 arg1 cause 174:178 the largest single cause 155:178 the largest single cause of morbid-mortality in the world 155:211 Cardiovascular disease is the largest single cause of morbid-mortality in the world. 27083828 1 55 theme largest 159:165 arg1 disease 144:150 Cardiovascular disease 129:150 Cardiovascular disease 129:150 Cardiovascular disease is the largest single cause of morbid-mortality in the world. 27083828 4 56 theme composition 678:688 arg1 homogeneity 690:700 the composition homogeneity 674:700 the composition homogeneity 674:700 The composition and the composition homogeneity of PECs were confirmed by (13)C-CP-MAS spectroscopy and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively. 27083828 8 57 from wall 1246:1249 arg1 diagnosis 1270:1278 diagnosis 1270:1278 diagnosis 1270:1278 Overall, these findings confirmed the potential of these PECs for targeting different agents to the vessel wall in the prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of vascular disease. 27083828 8 57 from wall 1246:1249 arg1 therapy 1285:1291 therapy 1285:1291 therapy 1285:1291 Overall, these findings confirmed the potential of these PECs for targeting different agents to the vessel wall in the prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of vascular disease. 27083828 8 57 from wall 1246:1249 arg1 prevention 1258:1267 prevention 1258:1267 prevention 1258:1267 Overall, these findings confirmed the potential of these PECs for targeting different agents to the vessel wall in the prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of vascular disease. 27083828 3 58 theme endothelial 635:645 arg1 cells 647:651 vascular endothelial cells 626:651 vascular endothelial cells 626:651 Here, we produced polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) by a simple and reproducible polyelectrolyte complexation method between low molecular mass dermatan sulfate (polyanionic polysaccharide) and chitosan (polycationic polysaccharide), and evaluated the cellular uptake by vascular endothelial cells. 27083828 1 59 theme single 167:172 arg1 cause 174:178 the largest single cause 155:178 the largest single cause of morbid-mortality in the world 155:211 Cardiovascular disease is the largest single cause of morbid-mortality in the world. 27083828 1 59 theme single 167:172 arg1 disease 144:150 Cardiovascular disease 129:150 Cardiovascular disease 129:150 Cardiovascular disease is the largest single cause of morbid-mortality in the world. 25941715 1 0 attach isolated 128:135 arg2 strains 120:126 seven Pantoea agglomerans strains 94:126 seven Pantoea agglomerans strains isolated from various plants 94:155 Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from seven Pantoea agglomerans strains isolated from various plants were purified and chemically identified. 25941715 1 0 attach isolated 128:135 arg1 plants 150:155 various plants 142:155 various plants 142:155 Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from seven Pantoea agglomerans strains isolated from various plants were purified and chemically identified. 25941715 10 1 theme reactions 1246:1254 arg1 results 1217:1223 The results 1213:1223 The results of serological cross reactions 1213:1254 The results of serological cross reactions indicated immunochemical heterogeneity of the species P. agglomerans. 25941715 9 2 from activity 1181:1188 arg1 systems 1204:1210 homologous systems 1193:1210 homologous systems 1193:1210 Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion in agar revealed that all the LPS under study exhibited antigenic activity in homologous systems. 25941715 4 3 theme composition 618:628 arg1 Analysis 591:598 Analysis 591:598 Analysis of the fatty acid composition 591:628 Analysis of the fatty acid composition revealed the presence of C12-C16 acids. 25941715 6 4 dep C12:0 788:792 arg1 acids 843:847 acids 843:847 acids 843:847 C12:0 (8.2 to 31.5%), C14:0 (12.9 to 30.8%), and C16:0 acids (3.4 to 16.9%) were also revealed. 25941715 10 5 theme cross 1240:1244 arg1 reactions 1246:1254 serological cross reactions 1228:1254 serological cross reactions 1228:1254 The results of serological cross reactions indicated immunochemical heterogeneity of the species P. agglomerans. 25941715 4 6 theme acid 613:616 arg1 composition 618:628 the fatty acid composition 603:628 the fatty acid composition 603:628 Analysis of the fatty acid composition revealed the presence of C12-C16 acids. 25941715 10 7 theme species 1302:1308 arg1 heterogeneity 1281:1293 immunochemical heterogeneity 1266:1293 immunochemical heterogeneity of the species 1266:1308 The results of serological cross reactions indicated immunochemical heterogeneity of the species P. agglomerans. 25941715 3 8 theme strains 372:378 arg1 LPSs 358:361 the LPSs 354:361 the LPSs 354:361 Thus, the LPS of P. agglomerans 8606 differed considerably from the LPSs of other strains, containing mannose as the predominant monosaccharide (69.8%), as well as ribose (15.1%) and xylose (12.6%), while the content of rhamnose, one of the predominant monosaccharides in other LPS samples, was 2.5%. 25941715 9 9 theme Ouchterlony 1080:1090 arg1 immunodiffusion 1099:1113 Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion 1080:1113 Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion in agar 1080:1121 Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion in agar revealed that all the LPS under study exhibited antigenic activity in homologous systems. 25941715 7 10 theme P. 896:897 arg1 strains 911:917 The studied P. agglomerans strains 884:917 The studied P. agglomerans strains 884:917 The studied P. agglomerans strains fell into three groups according to their fatty acid composition. 25941715 11 11 theme parameters 1370:1379 arg1 complex 1359:1365 the complex 1355:1365 the complex of parameters of peripheral blood cells from a healthy donor before and after treatment with LPS solutions 1355:1472 Comparative investigation of the complex of parameters of peripheral blood cells from a healthy donor before and after treatment with LPS solutions showed that the values of no parameters exceeded the normal range. 25941715 11 12 theme Comparative 1326:1336 arg1 investigation 1338:1350 Comparative investigation 1326:1350 Comparative investigation of the complex of parameters of peripheral blood cells from a healthy donor before and after treatment with LPS solutions 1326:1472 Comparative investigation of the complex of parameters of peripheral blood cells from a healthy donor before and after treatment with LPS solutions showed that the values of no parameters exceeded the normal range. 25941715 4 13 theme acids 663:667 arg1 presence 643:650 the presence 639:650 the presence of C12-C16 acids 639:667 Analysis of the fatty acid composition revealed the presence of C12-C16 acids. 25941715 9 14 theme double 1092:1097 arg1 immunodiffusion 1099:1113 Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion 1080:1113 Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion in agar 1080:1121 Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion in agar revealed that all the LPS under study exhibited antigenic activity in homologous systems. 25941715 11 15 with treatment 1445:1453 arg1 solutions 1464:1472 LPS solutions 1460:1472 LPS solutions 1460:1472 Comparative investigation of the complex of parameters of peripheral blood cells from a healthy donor before and after treatment with LPS solutions showed that the values of no parameters exceeded the normal range. 25941715 3 16 from monosaccharides 543:557 arg1 samples 572:578 other LPS samples 562:578 other LPS samples 562:578 Thus, the LPS of P. agglomerans 8606 differed considerably from the LPSs of other strains, containing mannose as the predominant monosaccharide (69.8%), as well as ribose (15.1%) and xylose (12.6%), while the content of rhamnose, one of the predominant monosaccharides in other LPS samples, was 2.5%. 25941715 8 17 theme fatty 1045:1049 arg1 acids 1051:1055 two fatty acids 1041:1055 two fatty acids 1041:1055 The differences stemmed from the presence or absence of two fatty acids, 2-OH-C14:0 and C16:1. 25941715 8 17 theme fatty 1045:1049 arg1 C16:1 1073:1077 C16:1 1073:1077 C16:1 1073:1077 The differences stemmed from the presence or absence of two fatty acids, 2-OH-C14:0 and C16:1. 25941715 8 17 theme fatty 1045:1049 arg1 2-OH-C14:0 1058:1067 2-OH-C14:0 1058:1067 2-OH-C14:0 1058:1067 The differences stemmed from the presence or absence of two fatty acids, 2-OH-C14:0 and C16:1. 25941715 6 18 dep 16.9 857:860 arg1 to 854:855 to 854:855 to 854:855 C12:0 (8.2 to 31.5%), C14:0 (12.9 to 30.8%), and C16:0 acids (3.4 to 16.9%) were also revealed. 25941715 3 19 theme other 366:370 arg1 strains 372:378 other strains 366:378 other strains 366:378 Thus, the LPS of P. agglomerans 8606 differed considerably from the LPSs of other strains, containing mannose as the predominant monosaccharide (69.8%), as well as ribose (15.1%) and xylose (12.6%), while the content of rhamnose, one of the predominant monosaccharides in other LPS samples, was 2.5%. 25941715 7 20 theme studied 888:894 arg1 strains 911:917 The studied P. agglomerans strains 884:917 The studied P. agglomerans strains 884:917 The studied P. agglomerans strains fell into three groups according to their fatty acid composition. 25941715 11 21 theme blood 1395:1399 arg1 cells 1401:1405 peripheral blood cells 1384:1405 peripheral blood cells from a healthy donor before and after treatment with LPS solutions 1384:1472 Comparative investigation of the complex of parameters of peripheral blood cells from a healthy donor before and after treatment with LPS solutions showed that the values of no parameters exceeded the normal range. 25941715 7 22 theme fatty 961:965 arg1 composition 972:982 their fatty acid composition 955:982 their fatty acid composition 955:982 The studied P. agglomerans strains fell into three groups according to their fatty acid composition. 25941715 10 23 theme immunochemical 1266:1279 arg1 heterogeneity 1281:1293 immunochemical heterogeneity 1266:1293 immunochemical heterogeneity of the species 1266:1308 The results of serological cross reactions indicated immunochemical heterogeneity of the species P. agglomerans. 25941715 3 24 contain containing 381:390 arg2 monosaccharide 419:432 the predominant monosaccharide 403:432 the predominant monosaccharide (69.8%) 403:440 Thus, the LPS of P. agglomerans 8606 differed considerably from the LPSs of other strains, containing mannose as the predominant monosaccharide (69.8%), as well as ribose (15.1%) and xylose (12.6%), while the content of rhamnose, one of the predominant monosaccharides in other LPS samples, was 2.5%. 25941715 3 24 contain containing 381:390 arg1 LPSs 358:361 the LPSs 354:361 the LPSs 354:361 Thus, the LPS of P. agglomerans 8606 differed considerably from the LPSs of other strains, containing mannose as the predominant monosaccharide (69.8%), as well as ribose (15.1%) and xylose (12.6%), while the content of rhamnose, one of the predominant monosaccharides in other LPS samples, was 2.5%. 25941715 3 24 contain containing 381:390 arg2 mannose 392:398 mannose 392:398 mannose 392:398 Thus, the LPS of P. agglomerans 8606 differed considerably from the LPSs of other strains, containing mannose as the predominant monosaccharide (69.8%), as well as ribose (15.1%) and xylose (12.6%), while the content of rhamnose, one of the predominant monosaccharides in other LPS samples, was 2.5%. 25941715 3 25 theme rhamnose 510:517 arg1 % 588:588 2.5% 585:588 2.5% 585:588 Thus, the LPS of P. agglomerans 8606 differed considerably from the LPSs of other strains, containing mannose as the predominant monosaccharide (69.8%), as well as ribose (15.1%) and xylose (12.6%), while the content of rhamnose, one of the predominant monosaccharides in other LPS samples, was 2.5%. 25941715 3 25 theme rhamnose 510:517 arg1 content 499:505 the content 495:505 the content of rhamnose, one of the predominant monosaccharides in other LPS samples, 495:579 Thus, the LPS of P. agglomerans 8606 differed considerably from the LPSs of other strains, containing mannose as the predominant monosaccharide (69.8%), as well as ribose (15.1%) and xylose (12.6%), while the content of rhamnose, one of the predominant monosaccharides in other LPS samples, was 2.5%. 25941715 2 26 from heterogeneous 245:257 arg1 composition 277:287 monosaccharide composition 262:287 monosaccharide composition 262:287 LPS of the studied P. agglomerans strains were heterogeneous in monosaccharide composition. 25941715 7 27 theme acid 967:970 arg1 composition 972:982 their fatty acid composition 955:982 their fatty acid composition 955:982 The studied P. agglomerans strains fell into three groups according to their fatty acid composition. 25941715 1 28 theme Pantoea 100:106 arg1 strains 120:126 seven Pantoea agglomerans strains 94:126 seven Pantoea agglomerans strains isolated from various plants 94:155 Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from seven Pantoea agglomerans strains isolated from various plants were purified and chemically identified. 25941715 2 29 from composition 277:287 arg1 heterogeneous 245:257 heterogeneous 245:257 heterogeneous 245:257 LPS of the studied P. agglomerans strains were heterogeneous in monosaccharide composition. 25941715 0 30 theme agglomerans 29:39 arg1 lipopolysaccharides 41:59 Pantoea agglomerans lipopolysaccharides 21:59 Pantoea agglomerans lipopolysaccharides 21:59 [Characterization of Pantoea agglomerans lipopolysaccharides]. 25941715 4 31 theme C12-C16 655:661 arg1 acids 663:667 C12-C16 acids 655:667 C12-C16 acids 655:667 Analysis of the fatty acid composition revealed the presence of C12-C16 acids. 25941715 8 32 dep presence 1018:1025 arg1 the 1014:1016 the 1014:1016 the 1014:1016 The differences stemmed from the presence or absence of two fatty acids, 2-OH-C14:0 and C16:1. 25941715 11 33 theme complex 1359:1365 arg1 investigation 1338:1350 Comparative investigation 1326:1350 Comparative investigation of the complex of parameters of peripheral blood cells from a healthy donor before and after treatment with LPS solutions 1326:1472 Comparative investigation of the complex of parameters of peripheral blood cells from a healthy donor before and after treatment with LPS solutions showed that the values of no parameters exceeded the normal range. 25941715 1 34 theme agglomerans 108:118 arg1 strains 120:126 seven Pantoea agglomerans strains 94:126 seven Pantoea agglomerans strains isolated from various plants 94:155 Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from seven Pantoea agglomerans strains isolated from various plants were purified and chemically identified. 25941715 8 35 theme acids 1051:1055 arg1 absence 1030:1036 absence 1030:1036 absence 1030:1036 The differences stemmed from the presence or absence of two fatty acids, 2-OH-C14:0 and C16:1. 25941715 8 35 theme acids 1051:1055 arg1 presence 1018:1025 presence 1018:1025 presence 1018:1025 The differences stemmed from the presence or absence of two fatty acids, 2-OH-C14:0 and C16:1. 25941715 0 36 theme Pantoea 21:27 arg1 lipopolysaccharides 41:59 Pantoea agglomerans lipopolysaccharides 21:59 Pantoea agglomerans lipopolysaccharides 21:59 [Characterization of Pantoea agglomerans lipopolysaccharides]. 25941715 11 37 from parameters 1370:1379 arg1 donor 1422:1426 a healthy donor 1412:1426 a healthy donor before and after treatment with LPS solutions 1412:1472 Comparative investigation of the complex of parameters of peripheral blood cells from a healthy donor before and after treatment with LPS solutions showed that the values of no parameters exceeded the normal range. 25941715 11 38 theme normal 1527:1532 arg1 range 1534:1538 the normal range 1523:1538 the normal range 1523:1538 Comparative investigation of the complex of parameters of peripheral blood cells from a healthy donor before and after treatment with LPS solutions showed that the values of no parameters exceeded the normal range. 25941715 5 39 dep acid 741:744 arg1 depending 762:770 depending 762:770 depending on the strain 762:784 In lipids A of all the studied strains, 3-OH-C14:0 was the predominant acid (31.7 to 39.1%, depending on the strain). 25941715 11 40 theme cells 1401:1405 arg1 parameters 1370:1379 parameters 1370:1379 parameters of peripheral blood cells from a healthy donor before and after treatment with LPS solutions 1370:1472 Comparative investigation of the complex of parameters of peripheral blood cells from a healthy donor before and after treatment with LPS solutions showed that the values of no parameters exceeded the normal range. 25941715 9 41 from immunodiffusion 1099:1113 arg1 agar 1118:1121 agar 1118:1121 agar 1118:1121 Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion in agar revealed that all the LPS under study exhibited antigenic activity in homologous systems. 25941715 0 42 theme lipopolysaccharides 41:59 arg1 [Characterization 0:16 [Characterization 0:16 [Characterization of Pantoea agglomerans lipopolysaccharides 0:59 [Characterization of Pantoea agglomerans lipopolysaccharides]. 25941715 5 43 theme studied 693:699 arg1 strains 701:707 all the studied strains 685:707 all the studied strains 685:707 In lipids A of all the studied strains, 3-OH-C14:0 was the predominant acid (31.7 to 39.1%, depending on the strain). 25941715 11 44 theme no 1500:1501 arg1 parameters 1503:1512 no parameters 1500:1512 no parameters 1500:1512 Comparative investigation of the complex of parameters of peripheral blood cells from a healthy donor before and after treatment with LPS solutions showed that the values of no parameters exceeded the normal range. 25941715 3 45 theme predominant 531:541 arg1 monosaccharides 543:557 the predominant monosaccharides 527:557 the predominant monosaccharides in other LPS samples 527:578 Thus, the LPS of P. agglomerans 8606 differed considerably from the LPSs of other strains, containing mannose as the predominant monosaccharide (69.8%), as well as ribose (15.1%) and xylose (12.6%), while the content of rhamnose, one of the predominant monosaccharides in other LPS samples, was 2.5%. 25941715 11 46 theme healthy 1414:1420 arg1 donor 1422:1426 a healthy donor 1412:1426 a healthy donor before and after treatment with LPS solutions 1412:1472 Comparative investigation of the complex of parameters of peripheral blood cells from a healthy donor before and after treatment with LPS solutions showed that the values of no parameters exceeded the normal range. 25941715 3 47 dep differed 327:334 arg1 % 485:485 12.6% 481:485 12.6% 481:485 Thus, the LPS of P. agglomerans 8606 differed considerably from the LPSs of other strains, containing mannose as the predominant monosaccharide (69.8%), as well as ribose (15.1%) and xylose (12.6%), while the content of rhamnose, one of the predominant monosaccharides in other LPS samples, was 2.5%. 25941715 3 48 theme predominant 407:417 arg1 monosaccharide 419:432 the predominant monosaccharide 403:432 the predominant monosaccharide (69.8%) 403:440 Thus, the LPS of P. agglomerans 8606 differed considerably from the LPSs of other strains, containing mannose as the predominant monosaccharide (69.8%), as well as ribose (15.1%) and xylose (12.6%), while the content of rhamnose, one of the predominant monosaccharides in other LPS samples, was 2.5%. 25941715 3 48 theme predominant 407:417 arg1 % 439:439 69.8% 435:439 69.8% 435:439 Thus, the LPS of P. agglomerans 8606 differed considerably from the LPSs of other strains, containing mannose as the predominant monosaccharide (69.8%), as well as ribose (15.1%) and xylose (12.6%), while the content of rhamnose, one of the predominant monosaccharides in other LPS samples, was 2.5%. 25941715 3 48 theme predominant 407:417 arg1 mannose 392:398 mannose 392:398 mannose 392:398 Thus, the LPS of P. agglomerans 8606 differed considerably from the LPSs of other strains, containing mannose as the predominant monosaccharide (69.8%), as well as ribose (15.1%) and xylose (12.6%), while the content of rhamnose, one of the predominant monosaccharides in other LPS samples, was 2.5%. 25941715 5 49 theme predominant 729:739 arg1 acid 741:744 the predominant acid 725:744 the predominant acid (31.7 to 39.1%, depending on the strain) 725:785 In lipids A of all the studied strains, 3-OH-C14:0 was the predominant acid (31.7 to 39.1%, depending on the strain). 25941715 5 49 theme predominant 729:739 arg1 3-OH-C14:0 710:719 3-OH-C14:0 710:719 3-OH-C14:0 710:719 In lipids A of all the studied strains, 3-OH-C14:0 was the predominant acid (31.7 to 39.1%, depending on the strain). 25941715 6 50 dep % 806:806 arg1 to 799:800 to 799:800 to 799:800 C12:0 (8.2 to 31.5%), C14:0 (12.9 to 30.8%), and C16:0 acids (3.4 to 16.9%) were also revealed. 25941715 5 51 dep 39.1 755:758 arg1 to 752:753 to 752:753 to 752:753 In lipids A of all the studied strains, 3-OH-C14:0 was the predominant acid (31.7 to 39.1%, depending on the strain). 25941715 11 52 theme LPS 1460:1462 arg1 solutions 1464:1472 LPS solutions 1460:1472 LPS solutions 1460:1472 Comparative investigation of the complex of parameters of peripheral blood cells from a healthy donor before and after treatment with LPS solutions showed that the values of no parameters exceeded the normal range. 25941715 2 53 theme agglomerans 220:230 arg1 strains 232:238 the studied P. agglomerans strains 205:238 the studied P. agglomerans strains 205:238 LPS of the studied P. agglomerans strains were heterogeneous in monosaccharide composition. 25941715 2 54 theme strains 232:238 arg1 LPS 198:200 LPS 198:200 LPS of the studied P. agglomerans strains 198:238 LPS of the studied P. agglomerans strains were heterogeneous in monosaccharide composition. 25941715 5 55 from acid 741:744 arg1 A 680:680 lipids A 673:680 lipids A of all the studied strains 673:707 In lipids A of all the studied strains, 3-OH-C14:0 was the predominant acid (31.7 to 39.1%, depending on the strain). 25941715 10 56 theme serological 1228:1238 arg1 reactions 1246:1254 serological cross reactions 1228:1254 serological cross reactions 1228:1254 The results of serological cross reactions indicated immunochemical heterogeneity of the species P. agglomerans. 25941715 10 57 gly heterogeneity 1281:1293 arg1 species 1302:1308 the species 1298:1308 the species 1298:1308 The results of serological cross reactions indicated immunochemical heterogeneity of the species P. agglomerans. 25941715 11 58 theme peripheral 1384:1393 arg1 cells 1401:1405 peripheral blood cells 1384:1405 peripheral blood cells from a healthy donor before and after treatment with LPS solutions 1384:1472 Comparative investigation of the complex of parameters of peripheral blood cells from a healthy donor before and after treatment with LPS solutions showed that the values of no parameters exceeded the normal range. 25941715 3 59 theme other 562:566 arg1 samples 572:578 other LPS samples 562:578 other LPS samples 562:578 Thus, the LPS of P. agglomerans 8606 differed considerably from the LPSs of other strains, containing mannose as the predominant monosaccharide (69.8%), as well as ribose (15.1%) and xylose (12.6%), while the content of rhamnose, one of the predominant monosaccharides in other LPS samples, was 2.5%. 25941715 5 60 dep depending 762:770 arg1 % 759:759 31.7 to 39.1% 747:759 31.7 to 39.1% 747:759 In lipids A of all the studied strains, 3-OH-C14:0 was the predominant acid (31.7 to 39.1%, depending on the strain). 25941715 1 61 theme various 142:148 arg1 plants 150:155 various plants 142:155 various plants 142:155 Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from seven Pantoea agglomerans strains isolated from various plants were purified and chemically identified. 25941715 1 62 from strains 120:126 arg1 LPS 84:86 LPS 84:86 LPS 84:86 Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from seven Pantoea agglomerans strains isolated from various plants were purified and chemically identified. 25941715 1 62 from strains 120:126 arg1 Lipopolysaccharides 63:81 Lipopolysaccharides 63:81 Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from seven Pantoea agglomerans strains isolated from various plants 63:155 Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from seven Pantoea agglomerans strains isolated from various plants were purified and chemically identified. 25941715 9 63 theme antigenic 1171:1179 arg1 activity 1181:1188 antigenic activity 1171:1188 antigenic activity in homologous systems 1171:1210 Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion in agar revealed that all the LPS under study exhibited antigenic activity in homologous systems. 25941715 3 64 theme agglomerans 310:320 arg1 LPS 300:302 the LPS 296:302 the LPS of P. agglomerans 8606 296:325 Thus, the LPS of P. agglomerans 8606 differed considerably from the LPSs of other strains, containing mannose as the predominant monosaccharide (69.8%), as well as ribose (15.1%) and xylose (12.6%), while the content of rhamnose, one of the predominant monosaccharides in other LPS samples, was 2.5%. 25941715 2 65 theme studied 209:215 arg1 strains 232:238 the studied P. agglomerans strains 205:238 the studied P. agglomerans strains 205:238 LPS of the studied P. agglomerans strains were heterogeneous in monosaccharide composition. 25941715 3 66 theme LPS 568:570 arg1 samples 572:578 other LPS samples 562:578 other LPS samples 562:578 Thus, the LPS of P. agglomerans 8606 differed considerably from the LPSs of other strains, containing mannose as the predominant monosaccharide (69.8%), as well as ribose (15.1%) and xylose (12.6%), while the content of rhamnose, one of the predominant monosaccharides in other LPS samples, was 2.5%. 25941715 5 67 theme lipids 673:678 arg1 A 680:680 lipids A 673:680 lipids A of all the studied strains 673:707 In lipids A of all the studied strains, 3-OH-C14:0 was the predominant acid (31.7 to 39.1%, depending on the strain). 25941715 11 68 from donor 1422:1426 arg1 parameters 1370:1379 parameters 1370:1379 parameters of peripheral blood cells from a healthy donor before and after treatment with LPS solutions 1370:1472 Comparative investigation of the complex of parameters of peripheral blood cells from a healthy donor before and after treatment with LPS solutions showed that the values of no parameters exceeded the normal range. 25941715 11 68 from donor 1422:1426 arg1 cells 1401:1405 peripheral blood cells 1384:1405 peripheral blood cells from a healthy donor before and after treatment with LPS solutions 1384:1472 Comparative investigation of the complex of parameters of peripheral blood cells from a healthy donor before and after treatment with LPS solutions showed that the values of no parameters exceeded the normal range. 25941715 3 69 theme monosaccharides 543:557 arg1 one 520:522 one 520:522 one 520:522 Thus, the LPS of P. agglomerans 8606 differed considerably from the LPSs of other strains, containing mannose as the predominant monosaccharide (69.8%), as well as ribose (15.1%) and xylose (12.6%), while the content of rhamnose, one of the predominant monosaccharides in other LPS samples, was 2.5%. 25941715 3 69 theme monosaccharides 543:557 arg1 rhamnose 510:517 rhamnose 510:517 rhamnose 510:517 Thus, the LPS of P. agglomerans 8606 differed considerably from the LPSs of other strains, containing mannose as the predominant monosaccharide (69.8%), as well as ribose (15.1%) and xylose (12.6%), while the content of rhamnose, one of the predominant monosaccharides in other LPS samples, was 2.5%. 25941715 3 69 theme monosaccharides 543:557 arg1 monosaccharides 543:557 the predominant monosaccharides 527:557 the predominant monosaccharides in other LPS samples 527:578 Thus, the LPS of P. agglomerans 8606 differed considerably from the LPSs of other strains, containing mannose as the predominant monosaccharide (69.8%), as well as ribose (15.1%) and xylose (12.6%), while the content of rhamnose, one of the predominant monosaccharides in other LPS samples, was 2.5%. 25941715 4 70 theme fatty 607:611 arg1 composition 618:628 the fatty acid composition 603:628 the fatty acid composition 603:628 Analysis of the fatty acid composition revealed the presence of C12-C16 acids. 25941715 5 71 theme strains 701:707 arg1 A 680:680 lipids A 673:680 lipids A of all the studied strains 673:707 In lipids A of all the studied strains, 3-OH-C14:0 was the predominant acid (31.7 to 39.1%, depending on the strain). 25941715 6 72 dep 30.8 825:828 arg1 to 822:823 to 822:823 to 822:823 C12:0 (8.2 to 31.5%), C14:0 (12.9 to 30.8%), and C16:0 acids (3.4 to 16.9%) were also revealed. 25941715 2 73 theme monosaccharide 262:275 arg1 composition 277:287 monosaccharide composition 262:287 monosaccharide composition 262:287 LPS of the studied P. agglomerans strains were heterogeneous in monosaccharide composition. 25941715 7 74 dep P. 896:897 arg1 agglomerans 899:909 agglomerans 899:909 agglomerans 899:909 The studied P. agglomerans strains fell into three groups according to their fatty acid composition. 25941715 11 75 theme parameters 1503:1512 arg1 values 1490:1495 the values 1486:1495 the values of no parameters 1486:1512 Comparative investigation of the complex of parameters of peripheral blood cells from a healthy donor before and after treatment with LPS solutions showed that the values of no parameters exceeded the normal range. 25941715 9 76 theme homologous 1193:1202 arg1 systems 1204:1210 homologous systems 1193:1210 homologous systems 1193:1210 Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion in agar revealed that all the LPS under study exhibited antigenic activity in homologous systems. 24885372 8 0 with SLBs 1394:1397 arg1 composition 1427:1437 the same overall lipid composition 1404:1437 the same overall lipid composition 1404:1437 The observed differences in terms of phase separation in symmetric and asymmetric SLBs with the same overall lipid composition provide further experimental evidence that the transversal lipid distribution affects the overall lipid miscibility and allow to temporally investigate leaflet mixing. 24885372 2 1 from asymmetry 399:407 arg1 composition 418:428 lipid composition 412:428 lipid composition normally found in biological systems 412:465 Despite its advantages, VF does not allow the controlled formation of bilayers that mimic the leaflet asymmetry in lipid composition normally found in biological systems. 24885372 1 2 theme lipid 167:171 arg1 models 226:231 minimal membrane models 209:231 minimal membrane models and commonly produced by vesicle fusion (VF) on solid supports 209:294 Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) are broadly used as minimal membrane models and commonly produced by vesicle fusion (VF) on solid supports. 24885372 1 2 theme lipid 167:171 arg1 SLBs 183:186 SLBs 183:186 SLBs 183:186 Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) are broadly used as minimal membrane models and commonly produced by vesicle fusion (VF) on solid supports. 24885372 1 2 theme lipid 167:171 arg1 bilayers 173:180 Supported lipid bilayers 157:180 Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) 157:187 Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) are broadly used as minimal membrane models and commonly produced by vesicle fusion (VF) on solid supports. 24885372 6 3 theme reconstitution 953:966 arg1 approaches 968:977 the most common protein reconstitution approaches 929:977 the most common protein reconstitution approaches 929:977 To check the compatibility of the method with the most common protein reconstitution approaches, we report the production of asymmetric SLBs (aSLBs) in the presence of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein, reconstituted in the bilayer both, via direct protein insertion, and via proteoliposomes fusion. 24885372 6 4 theme common 938:943 arg1 approaches 968:977 the most common protein reconstitution approaches 929:977 the most common protein reconstitution approaches 929:977 To check the compatibility of the method with the most common protein reconstitution approaches, we report the production of asymmetric SLBs (aSLBs) in the presence of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein, reconstituted in the bilayer both, via direct protein insertion, and via proteoliposomes fusion. 24885372 8 5 theme lipid 1498:1502 arg1 distribution 1504:1515 the transversal lipid distribution 1482:1515 the transversal lipid distribution 1482:1515 The observed differences in terms of phase separation in symmetric and asymmetric SLBs with the same overall lipid composition provide further experimental evidence that the transversal lipid distribution affects the overall lipid miscibility and allow to temporally investigate leaflet mixing. 24885372 4 6 theme lipid 651:655 arg1 exchange 657:664 methyl-β-cyclodextrin mediated lipid exchange 620:664 methyl-β-cyclodextrin mediated lipid exchange 620:664 We apply methyl-β-cyclodextrin mediated lipid exchange to SLBs formed by VF to enrich the upper leaflet of the bilayer with sphingomyelin. 24885372 8 7 from terms 1340:1344 arg1 SLBs 1394:1397 symmetric and asymmetric SLBs 1369:1397 symmetric and asymmetric SLBs with the same overall lipid composition 1369:1437 The observed differences in terms of phase separation in symmetric and asymmetric SLBs with the same overall lipid composition provide further experimental evidence that the transversal lipid distribution affects the overall lipid miscibility and allow to temporally investigate leaflet mixing. 24885372 6 8 theme protein 945:951 arg1 approaches 968:977 the most common protein reconstitution approaches 929:977 the most common protein reconstitution approaches 929:977 To check the compatibility of the method with the most common protein reconstitution approaches, we report the production of asymmetric SLBs (aSLBs) in the presence of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein, reconstituted in the bilayer both, via direct protein insertion, and via proteoliposomes fusion. 24885372 0 9 theme asymmetry 109:117 arg1 influence 96:104 influence 96:104 influence of asymmetry on lipid dynamics and phase behavior 96:154 Asymmetric supported lipid bilayer formation via methyl-β-cyclodextrin mediated lipid exchange: influence of asymmetry on lipid dynamics and phase behavior. 24885372 8 10 theme transversal 1486:1496 arg1 distribution 1504:1515 the transversal lipid distribution 1482:1515 the transversal lipid distribution 1482:1515 The observed differences in terms of phase separation in symmetric and asymmetric SLBs with the same overall lipid composition provide further experimental evidence that the transversal lipid distribution affects the overall lipid miscibility and allow to temporally investigate leaflet mixing. 24885372 6 11 theme proteoliposomes 1173:1187 arg1 fusion 1189:1194 proteoliposomes fusion 1173:1194 proteoliposomes fusion 1173:1194 To check the compatibility of the method with the most common protein reconstitution approaches, we report the production of asymmetric SLBs (aSLBs) in the presence of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein, reconstituted in the bilayer both, via direct protein insertion, and via proteoliposomes fusion. 24885372 6 12 theme direct 1139:1144 arg1 insertion 1154:1162 direct protein insertion 1139:1162 direct protein insertion 1139:1162 To check the compatibility of the method with the most common protein reconstitution approaches, we report the production of asymmetric SLBs (aSLBs) in the presence of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein, reconstituted in the bilayer both, via direct protein insertion, and via proteoliposomes fusion. 24885372 1 13 theme vesicle 258:264 arg1 VF 274:275 VF 274:275 VF 274:275 Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) are broadly used as minimal membrane models and commonly produced by vesicle fusion (VF) on solid supports. 24885372 1 13 theme vesicle 258:264 arg1 fusion 266:271 vesicle fusion 258:271 vesicle fusion (VF) on solid supports 258:294 Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) are broadly used as minimal membrane models and commonly produced by vesicle fusion (VF) on solid supports. 24885372 4 14 theme upper 701:705 arg1 leaflet 707:713 the upper leaflet 697:713 the upper leaflet of the bilayer with sphingomyelin 697:747 We apply methyl-β-cyclodextrin mediated lipid exchange to SLBs formed by VF to enrich the upper leaflet of the bilayer with sphingomyelin. 24885372 3 15 theme versatile 505:513 arg1 method 515:520 a simple, quick, and versatile method 484:520 a simple, quick, and versatile method to produce SLBs with a desired asymmetric lipid composition which is stable for ca. 4 h 484:608 Here we present a simple, quick, and versatile method to produce SLBs with a desired asymmetric lipid composition which is stable for ca. 4 h. 24885372 4 16 with bilayer 722:728 arg1 sphingomyelin 735:747 sphingomyelin 735:747 sphingomyelin 735:747 We apply methyl-β-cyclodextrin mediated lipid exchange to SLBs formed by VF to enrich the upper leaflet of the bilayer with sphingomyelin. 24885372 0 17 theme lipid 122:126 arg1 dynamics 128:135 lipid dynamics 122:135 lipid dynamics 122:135 Asymmetric supported lipid bilayer formation via methyl-β-cyclodextrin mediated lipid exchange: influence of asymmetry on lipid dynamics and phase behavior. 24885372 2 18 located found 439:443 arg1 systems 459:465 biological systems 448:465 biological systems 448:465 Despite its advantages, VF does not allow the controlled formation of bilayers that mimic the leaflet asymmetry in lipid composition normally found in biological systems. 24885372 2 18 located found 439:443 arg2 composition 418:428 lipid composition 412:428 lipid composition normally found in biological systems 412:465 Despite its advantages, VF does not allow the controlled formation of bilayers that mimic the leaflet asymmetry in lipid composition normally found in biological systems. 24885372 3 19 theme quick 494:498 arg1 method 515:520 a simple, quick, and versatile method 484:520 a simple, quick, and versatile method to produce SLBs with a desired asymmetric lipid composition which is stable for ca. 4 h 484:608 Here we present a simple, quick, and versatile method to produce SLBs with a desired asymmetric lipid composition which is stable for ca. 4 h. 24885372 2 20 theme bilayers 367:374 arg1 formation 354:362 the controlled formation 339:362 the controlled formation of bilayers that mimic the leaflet asymmetry in lipid composition normally found in biological systems 339:465 Despite its advantages, VF does not allow the controlled formation of bilayers that mimic the leaflet asymmetry in lipid composition normally found in biological systems. 24885372 1 21 dep solid 281:285 arg1 supports 287:294 supports 287:294 supports 287:294 Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) are broadly used as minimal membrane models and commonly produced by vesicle fusion (VF) on solid supports. 24885372 6 22 from production 994:1003 arg1 presence 1039:1046 the presence 1035:1046 the presence of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein, reconstituted in the bilayer both, via direct protein insertion, and via proteoliposomes fusion 1035:1194 To check the compatibility of the method with the most common protein reconstitution approaches, we report the production of asymmetric SLBs (aSLBs) in the presence of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein, reconstituted in the bilayer both, via direct protein insertion, and via proteoliposomes fusion. 24885372 5 23 theme bilayer 754:760 arg1 asymmetry 762:770 The bilayer asymmetry 750:770 The bilayer asymmetry 750:770 The bilayer asymmetry is assessed by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, measuring the lipid mobility separately in each leaflet. 24885372 7 24 theme mixtures 1302:1309 arg1 movement 1269:1276 transbilayer lipid movement 1250:1276 transbilayer lipid movement 1250:1276 We finally apply aSLBs to study phase separation and transbilayer lipid movement of raft-mimicking lipid mixtures. 24885372 7 24 theme mixtures 1302:1309 arg1 separation 1235:1244 study phase separation 1223:1244 study phase separation 1223:1244 We finally apply aSLBs to study phase separation and transbilayer lipid movement of raft-mimicking lipid mixtures. 24885372 8 25 theme asymmetric 1383:1392 arg1 SLBs 1394:1397 symmetric and asymmetric SLBs 1369:1397 symmetric and asymmetric SLBs with the same overall lipid composition 1369:1437 The observed differences in terms of phase separation in symmetric and asymmetric SLBs with the same overall lipid composition provide further experimental evidence that the transversal lipid distribution affects the overall lipid miscibility and allow to temporally investigate leaflet mixing. 24885372 7 26 theme study 1223:1227 arg1 separation 1235:1244 study phase separation 1223:1244 study phase separation 1223:1244 We finally apply aSLBs to study phase separation and transbilayer lipid movement of raft-mimicking lipid mixtures. 24885372 2 27 theme lipid 412:416 arg1 composition 418:428 lipid composition 412:428 lipid composition normally found in biological systems 412:465 Despite its advantages, VF does not allow the controlled formation of bilayers that mimic the leaflet asymmetry in lipid composition normally found in biological systems. 24885372 8 28 from separation 1355:1364 arg1 SLBs 1394:1397 symmetric and asymmetric SLBs 1369:1397 symmetric and asymmetric SLBs with the same overall lipid composition 1369:1437 The observed differences in terms of phase separation in symmetric and asymmetric SLBs with the same overall lipid composition provide further experimental evidence that the transversal lipid distribution affects the overall lipid miscibility and allow to temporally investigate leaflet mixing. 24885372 8 29 theme experimental 1455:1466 arg1 evidence 1468:1475 further experimental evidence that the transversal lipid distribution affects the overall lipid miscibility and allow to temporally investigate leaflet mixing 1447:1604 further experimental evidence that the transversal lipid distribution affects the overall lipid miscibility and allow to temporally investigate leaflet mixing 1447:1604 The observed differences in terms of phase separation in symmetric and asymmetric SLBs with the same overall lipid composition provide further experimental evidence that the transversal lipid distribution affects the overall lipid miscibility and allow to temporally investigate leaflet mixing. 24885372 2 30 theme controlled 343:352 arg1 formation 354:362 the controlled formation 339:362 the controlled formation of bilayers that mimic the leaflet asymmetry in lipid composition normally found in biological systems 339:465 Despite its advantages, VF does not allow the controlled formation of bilayers that mimic the leaflet asymmetry in lipid composition normally found in biological systems. 24885372 0 31 theme bilayer 27:33 arg1 formation 35:43 lipid bilayer formation 21:43 lipid bilayer formation 21:43 Asymmetric supported lipid bilayer formation via methyl-β-cyclodextrin mediated lipid exchange: influence of asymmetry on lipid dynamics and phase behavior. 24885372 3 32 theme lipid 564:568 arg1 composition 570:580 a desired asymmetric lipid composition 543:580 a desired asymmetric lipid composition which is stable for ca. 4 h 543:608 Here we present a simple, quick, and versatile method to produce SLBs with a desired asymmetric lipid composition which is stable for ca. 4 h. 24885372 3 32 theme lipid 564:568 arg1 stable 591:596 stable 591:596 stable 591:596 Here we present a simple, quick, and versatile method to produce SLBs with a desired asymmetric lipid composition which is stable for ca. 4 h. 24885372 8 33 theme lipid 1421:1425 arg1 composition 1427:1437 the same overall lipid composition 1404:1437 the same overall lipid composition 1404:1437 The observed differences in terms of phase separation in symmetric and asymmetric SLBs with the same overall lipid composition provide further experimental evidence that the transversal lipid distribution affects the overall lipid miscibility and allow to temporally investigate leaflet mixing. 24885372 8 34 theme lipid 1537:1541 arg1 miscibility 1543:1553 the overall lipid miscibility 1525:1553 the overall lipid miscibility 1525:1553 The observed differences in terms of phase separation in symmetric and asymmetric SLBs with the same overall lipid composition provide further experimental evidence that the transversal lipid distribution affects the overall lipid miscibility and allow to temporally investigate leaflet mixing. 24885372 8 35 theme phase 1349:1353 arg1 separation 1355:1364 phase separation 1349:1364 phase separation in symmetric and asymmetric SLBs with the same overall lipid composition 1349:1437 The observed differences in terms of phase separation in symmetric and asymmetric SLBs with the same overall lipid composition provide further experimental evidence that the transversal lipid distribution affects the overall lipid miscibility and allow to temporally investigate leaflet mixing. 24885372 2 36 theme leaflet 391:397 arg1 asymmetry 399:407 the leaflet asymmetry 387:407 the leaflet asymmetry in lipid composition normally found in biological systems 387:465 Despite its advantages, VF does not allow the controlled formation of bilayers that mimic the leaflet asymmetry in lipid composition normally found in biological systems. 24885372 0 37 theme lipid 21:25 arg1 formation 35:43 lipid bilayer formation 21:43 lipid bilayer formation 21:43 Asymmetric supported lipid bilayer formation via methyl-β-cyclodextrin mediated lipid exchange: influence of asymmetry on lipid dynamics and phase behavior. 24885372 6 38 theme method 917:922 arg1 compatibility 896:908 the compatibility 892:908 the compatibility of the method with the most common protein reconstitution approaches 892:977 To check the compatibility of the method with the most common protein reconstitution approaches, we report the production of asymmetric SLBs (aSLBs) in the presence of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein, reconstituted in the bilayer both, via direct protein insertion, and via proteoliposomes fusion. 24885372 1 39 from fusion 266:271 arg1 solid 281:285 solid 281:285 solid 281:285 Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) are broadly used as minimal membrane models and commonly produced by vesicle fusion (VF) on solid supports. 24885372 0 40 from influence 96:104 arg1 dynamics 128:135 lipid dynamics 122:135 lipid dynamics 122:135 Asymmetric supported lipid bilayer formation via methyl-β-cyclodextrin mediated lipid exchange: influence of asymmetry on lipid dynamics and phase behavior. 24885372 0 40 from influence 96:104 arg1 behavior 147:154 phase behavior 141:154 phase behavior 141:154 Asymmetric supported lipid bilayer formation via methyl-β-cyclodextrin mediated lipid exchange: influence of asymmetry on lipid dynamics and phase behavior. 24885372 6 41 with compatibility 896:908 arg1 approaches 968:977 the most common protein reconstitution approaches 929:977 the most common protein reconstitution approaches 929:977 To check the compatibility of the method with the most common protein reconstitution approaches, we report the production of asymmetric SLBs (aSLBs) in the presence of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein, reconstituted in the bilayer both, via direct protein insertion, and via proteoliposomes fusion. 24885372 8 42 from SLBs 1394:1397 arg1 terms 1340:1344 terms 1340:1344 terms of phase separation in symmetric and asymmetric SLBs with the same overall lipid composition 1340:1437 The observed differences in terms of phase separation in symmetric and asymmetric SLBs with the same overall lipid composition provide further experimental evidence that the transversal lipid distribution affects the overall lipid miscibility and allow to temporally investigate leaflet mixing. 24885372 4 43 theme mediated 642:649 arg1 exchange 657:664 methyl-β-cyclodextrin mediated lipid exchange 620:664 methyl-β-cyclodextrin mediated lipid exchange 620:664 We apply methyl-β-cyclodextrin mediated lipid exchange to SLBs formed by VF to enrich the upper leaflet of the bilayer with sphingomyelin. 24885372 2 44 theme biological 448:457 arg1 systems 459:465 biological systems 448:465 biological systems 448:465 Despite its advantages, VF does not allow the controlled formation of bilayers that mimic the leaflet asymmetry in lipid composition normally found in biological systems. 24885372 7 45 theme transbilayer 1250:1261 arg1 movement 1269:1276 transbilayer lipid movement 1250:1276 transbilayer lipid movement 1250:1276 We finally apply aSLBs to study phase separation and transbilayer lipid movement of raft-mimicking lipid mixtures. 24885372 8 46 theme same 1408:1411 arg1 composition 1427:1437 the same overall lipid composition 1404:1437 the same overall lipid composition 1404:1437 The observed differences in terms of phase separation in symmetric and asymmetric SLBs with the same overall lipid composition provide further experimental evidence that the transversal lipid distribution affects the overall lipid miscibility and allow to temporally investigate leaflet mixing. 24885372 3 47 theme desired 545:551 arg1 composition 570:580 a desired asymmetric lipid composition 543:580 a desired asymmetric lipid composition which is stable for ca. 4 h 543:608 Here we present a simple, quick, and versatile method to produce SLBs with a desired asymmetric lipid composition which is stable for ca. 4 h. 24885372 3 47 theme desired 545:551 arg1 stable 591:596 stable 591:596 stable 591:596 Here we present a simple, quick, and versatile method to produce SLBs with a desired asymmetric lipid composition which is stable for ca. 4 h. 24885372 6 48 theme SLBs 1019:1022 arg1 production 994:1003 the production 990:1003 the production of asymmetric SLBs (aSLBs) in the presence of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein, reconstituted in the bilayer both, via direct protein insertion, and via proteoliposomes fusion 990:1194 To check the compatibility of the method with the most common protein reconstitution approaches, we report the production of asymmetric SLBs (aSLBs) in the presence of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein, reconstituted in the bilayer both, via direct protein insertion, and via proteoliposomes fusion. 24885372 5 49 theme fluorescence 787:798 arg1 spectroscopy 812:823 fluorescence correlation spectroscopy 787:823 fluorescence correlation spectroscopy 787:823 The bilayer asymmetry is assessed by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, measuring the lipid mobility separately in each leaflet. 24885372 7 50 theme lipid 1296:1300 arg1 mixtures 1302:1309 raft-mimicking lipid mixtures 1281:1309 raft-mimicking lipid mixtures 1281:1309 We finally apply aSLBs to study phase separation and transbilayer lipid movement of raft-mimicking lipid mixtures. 24885372 0 51 theme phase 141:145 arg1 behavior 147:154 phase behavior 141:154 phase behavior 141:154 Asymmetric supported lipid bilayer formation via methyl-β-cyclodextrin mediated lipid exchange: influence of asymmetry on lipid dynamics and phase behavior. 24885372 3 52 theme asymmetric 553:562 arg1 composition 570:580 a desired asymmetric lipid composition 543:580 a desired asymmetric lipid composition which is stable for ca. 4 h 543:608 Here we present a simple, quick, and versatile method to produce SLBs with a desired asymmetric lipid composition which is stable for ca. 4 h. 24885372 3 52 theme asymmetric 553:562 arg1 stable 591:596 stable 591:596 stable 591:596 Here we present a simple, quick, and versatile method to produce SLBs with a desired asymmetric lipid composition which is stable for ca. 4 h. 24885372 1 53 theme minimal 209:215 arg1 models 226:231 minimal membrane models 209:231 minimal membrane models and commonly produced by vesicle fusion (VF) on solid supports 209:294 Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) are broadly used as minimal membrane models and commonly produced by vesicle fusion (VF) on solid supports. 24885372 1 53 theme minimal 209:215 arg1 bilayers 173:180 Supported lipid bilayers 157:180 Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) 157:187 Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) are broadly used as minimal membrane models and commonly produced by vesicle fusion (VF) on solid supports. 24885372 0 54 theme mediated 71:78 arg1 exchange 86:93 methyl-β-cyclodextrin mediated lipid exchange 49:93 methyl-β-cyclodextrin mediated lipid exchange 49:93 Asymmetric supported lipid bilayer formation via methyl-β-cyclodextrin mediated lipid exchange: influence of asymmetry on lipid dynamics and phase behavior. 24885372 5 55 theme lipid 840:844 arg1 mobility 846:853 the lipid mobility 836:853 the lipid mobility 836:853 The bilayer asymmetry is assessed by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, measuring the lipid mobility separately in each leaflet. 24885372 1 56 dep models 226:231 arg1 produced 246:253 produced 246:253 produced by vesicle fusion (VF) on solid supports 246:294 Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) are broadly used as minimal membrane models and commonly produced by vesicle fusion (VF) on solid supports. 24885372 1 57 used used 201:204 arg2 bilayers 173:180 Supported lipid bilayers 157:180 Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) 157:187 Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) are broadly used as minimal membrane models and commonly produced by vesicle fusion (VF) on solid supports. 24885372 1 57 used used 201:204 arg2 models 226:231 minimal membrane models 209:231 minimal membrane models and commonly produced by vesicle fusion (VF) on solid supports 209:294 Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) are broadly used as minimal membrane models and commonly produced by vesicle fusion (VF) on solid supports. 24885372 1 57 used used 201:204 arg2 SLBs 183:186 SLBs 183:186 SLBs 183:186 Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) are broadly used as minimal membrane models and commonly produced by vesicle fusion (VF) on solid supports. 24885372 8 58 theme overall 1529:1535 arg1 miscibility 1543:1553 the overall lipid miscibility 1525:1553 the overall lipid miscibility 1525:1553 The observed differences in terms of phase separation in symmetric and asymmetric SLBs with the same overall lipid composition provide further experimental evidence that the transversal lipid distribution affects the overall lipid miscibility and allow to temporally investigate leaflet mixing. 24885372 7 59 theme phase 1229:1233 arg1 separation 1235:1244 study phase separation 1223:1244 study phase separation 1223:1244 We finally apply aSLBs to study phase separation and transbilayer lipid movement of raft-mimicking lipid mixtures. 24885372 0 60 theme methyl-β-cyclodextrin 49:69 arg1 exchange 86:93 methyl-β-cyclodextrin mediated lipid exchange 49:93 methyl-β-cyclodextrin mediated lipid exchange 49:93 Asymmetric supported lipid bilayer formation via methyl-β-cyclodextrin mediated lipid exchange: influence of asymmetry on lipid dynamics and phase behavior. 24885372 8 61 theme leaflet 1591:1597 arg1 mixing 1599:1604 leaflet mixing 1591:1604 leaflet mixing 1591:1604 The observed differences in terms of phase separation in symmetric and asymmetric SLBs with the same overall lipid composition provide further experimental evidence that the transversal lipid distribution affects the overall lipid miscibility and allow to temporally investigate leaflet mixing. 24885372 7 62 theme raft-mimicking 1281:1294 arg1 mixtures 1302:1309 raft-mimicking lipid mixtures 1281:1309 raft-mimicking lipid mixtures 1281:1309 We finally apply aSLBs to study phase separation and transbilayer lipid movement of raft-mimicking lipid mixtures. 24885372 8 63 theme further 1447:1453 arg1 evidence 1468:1475 further experimental evidence that the transversal lipid distribution affects the overall lipid miscibility and allow to temporally investigate leaflet mixing 1447:1604 further experimental evidence that the transversal lipid distribution affects the overall lipid miscibility and allow to temporally investigate leaflet mixing 1447:1604 The observed differences in terms of phase separation in symmetric and asymmetric SLBs with the same overall lipid composition provide further experimental evidence that the transversal lipid distribution affects the overall lipid miscibility and allow to temporally investigate leaflet mixing. 24885372 8 64 theme symmetric 1369:1377 arg1 SLBs 1394:1397 symmetric and asymmetric SLBs 1369:1397 symmetric and asymmetric SLBs with the same overall lipid composition 1369:1437 The observed differences in terms of phase separation in symmetric and asymmetric SLBs with the same overall lipid composition provide further experimental evidence that the transversal lipid distribution affects the overall lipid miscibility and allow to temporally investigate leaflet mixing. 24885372 6 65 theme protein 1091:1097 arg1 presence 1039:1046 the presence 1035:1046 the presence of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein, reconstituted in the bilayer both, via direct protein insertion, and via proteoliposomes fusion 1035:1194 To check the compatibility of the method with the most common protein reconstitution approaches, we report the production of asymmetric SLBs (aSLBs) in the presence of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein, reconstituted in the bilayer both, via direct protein insertion, and via proteoliposomes fusion. 24885372 8 66 from differences 1325:1335 arg1 terms 1340:1344 terms 1340:1344 terms of phase separation in symmetric and asymmetric SLBs with the same overall lipid composition 1340:1437 The observed differences in terms of phase separation in symmetric and asymmetric SLBs with the same overall lipid composition provide further experimental evidence that the transversal lipid distribution affects the overall lipid miscibility and allow to temporally investigate leaflet mixing. 24885372 8 67 theme separation 1355:1364 arg1 terms 1340:1344 terms 1340:1344 terms of phase separation in symmetric and asymmetric SLBs with the same overall lipid composition 1340:1437 The observed differences in terms of phase separation in symmetric and asymmetric SLBs with the same overall lipid composition provide further experimental evidence that the transversal lipid distribution affects the overall lipid miscibility and allow to temporally investigate leaflet mixing. 24885372 6 68 theme glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored 1053:1089 arg1 protein 1091:1097 a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein 1051:1097 a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein 1051:1097 To check the compatibility of the method with the most common protein reconstitution approaches, we report the production of asymmetric SLBs (aSLBs) in the presence of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein, reconstituted in the bilayer both, via direct protein insertion, and via proteoliposomes fusion. 24885372 1 69 theme membrane 217:224 arg1 models 226:231 minimal membrane models 209:231 minimal membrane models and commonly produced by vesicle fusion (VF) on solid supports 209:294 Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) are broadly used as minimal membrane models and commonly produced by vesicle fusion (VF) on solid supports. 24885372 1 69 theme membrane 217:224 arg1 bilayers 173:180 Supported lipid bilayers 157:180 Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) 157:187 Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) are broadly used as minimal membrane models and commonly produced by vesicle fusion (VF) on solid supports. 24885372 8 70 theme observed 1316:1323 arg1 differences 1325:1335 The observed differences 1312:1335 The observed differences in terms of phase separation in symmetric and asymmetric SLBs with the same overall lipid composition 1312:1437 The observed differences in terms of phase separation in symmetric and asymmetric SLBs with the same overall lipid composition provide further experimental evidence that the transversal lipid distribution affects the overall lipid miscibility and allow to temporally investigate leaflet mixing. 24885372 8 71 theme overall 1413:1419 arg1 composition 1427:1437 the same overall lipid composition 1404:1437 the same overall lipid composition 1404:1437 The observed differences in terms of phase separation in symmetric and asymmetric SLBs with the same overall lipid composition provide further experimental evidence that the transversal lipid distribution affects the overall lipid miscibility and allow to temporally investigate leaflet mixing. 24885372 4 72 theme bilayer 722:728 arg1 leaflet 707:713 the upper leaflet 697:713 the upper leaflet of the bilayer with sphingomyelin 697:747 We apply methyl-β-cyclodextrin mediated lipid exchange to SLBs formed by VF to enrich the upper leaflet of the bilayer with sphingomyelin. 24885372 4 73 theme methyl-β-cyclodextrin 620:640 arg1 exchange 657:664 methyl-β-cyclodextrin mediated lipid exchange 620:664 methyl-β-cyclodextrin mediated lipid exchange 620:664 We apply methyl-β-cyclodextrin mediated lipid exchange to SLBs formed by VF to enrich the upper leaflet of the bilayer with sphingomyelin. 24885372 5 74 theme correlation 800:810 arg1 spectroscopy 812:823 fluorescence correlation spectroscopy 787:823 fluorescence correlation spectroscopy 787:823 The bilayer asymmetry is assessed by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, measuring the lipid mobility separately in each leaflet. 24885372 0 75 dep supported 11:19 arg1 influence 96:104 influence 96:104 influence of asymmetry on lipid dynamics and phase behavior 96:154 Asymmetric supported lipid bilayer formation via methyl-β-cyclodextrin mediated lipid exchange: influence of asymmetry on lipid dynamics and phase behavior. 24885372 6 76 theme asymmetric 1008:1017 arg1 aSLBs 1025:1029 aSLBs 1025:1029 aSLBs 1025:1029 To check the compatibility of the method with the most common protein reconstitution approaches, we report the production of asymmetric SLBs (aSLBs) in the presence of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein, reconstituted in the bilayer both, via direct protein insertion, and via proteoliposomes fusion. 24885372 6 76 theme asymmetric 1008:1017 arg1 SLBs 1019:1022 asymmetric SLBs 1008:1022 asymmetric SLBs (aSLBs) 1008:1030 To check the compatibility of the method with the most common protein reconstitution approaches, we report the production of asymmetric SLBs (aSLBs) in the presence of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein, reconstituted in the bilayer both, via direct protein insertion, and via proteoliposomes fusion. 24885372 3 77 theme simple 486:491 arg1 method 515:520 a simple, quick, and versatile method 484:520 a simple, quick, and versatile method to produce SLBs with a desired asymmetric lipid composition which is stable for ca. 4 h 484:608 Here we present a simple, quick, and versatile method to produce SLBs with a desired asymmetric lipid composition which is stable for ca. 4 h. 24885372 7 78 theme lipid 1263:1267 arg1 movement 1269:1276 transbilayer lipid movement 1250:1276 transbilayer lipid movement 1250:1276 We finally apply aSLBs to study phase separation and transbilayer lipid movement of raft-mimicking lipid mixtures. 24885372 0 79 theme lipid 80:84 arg1 exchange 86:93 methyl-β-cyclodextrin mediated lipid exchange 49:93 methyl-β-cyclodextrin mediated lipid exchange 49:93 Asymmetric supported lipid bilayer formation via methyl-β-cyclodextrin mediated lipid exchange: influence of asymmetry on lipid dynamics and phase behavior. 24885372 6 80 theme protein 1146:1152 arg1 insertion 1154:1162 direct protein insertion 1139:1162 direct protein insertion 1139:1162 To check the compatibility of the method with the most common protein reconstitution approaches, we report the production of asymmetric SLBs (aSLBs) in the presence of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein, reconstituted in the bilayer both, via direct protein insertion, and via proteoliposomes fusion. 24885372 1 81 theme Supported 157:165 arg1 models 226:231 minimal membrane models 209:231 minimal membrane models and commonly produced by vesicle fusion (VF) on solid supports 209:294 Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) are broadly used as minimal membrane models and commonly produced by vesicle fusion (VF) on solid supports. 24885372 1 81 theme Supported 157:165 arg1 SLBs 183:186 SLBs 183:186 SLBs 183:186 Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) are broadly used as minimal membrane models and commonly produced by vesicle fusion (VF) on solid supports. 24885372 1 81 theme Supported 157:165 arg1 bilayers 173:180 Supported lipid bilayers 157:180 Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) 157:187 Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) are broadly used as minimal membrane models and commonly produced by vesicle fusion (VF) on solid supports. 24885372 3 82 dep 4 606:606 arg1 ca. 602:604 ca. 602:604 ca. 602:604 Here we present a simple, quick, and versatile method to produce SLBs with a desired asymmetric lipid composition which is stable for ca. 4 h. 27542481 8 0 theme sugar 1059:1063 arg1 content 1065:1071 the neutral sugar content 1047:1071 the neutral sugar content 1047:1071 The variation in the pectin gel formation between varieties was attributed to difference in pectin characteristics particularly the hydrodynamic volume and the neutral sugar content. 27542481 1 1 theme pomegranate 154:164 arg1 processing 166:175 pomegranate processing 154:175 pomegranate processing 154:175 The composition of pomegranate peel, the main by-product during pomegranate processing, and some of the characteristics of the water-soluble pectins were investigated. 27542481 2 2 theme 20mM 346:349 arg1 86°C 333:336 86°C 333:336 86°C 333:336 Four tunisian pomegranate peels were subjected to hot aqueous extractions (86°C, 80min, 20mM nitric acid). 27542481 2 2 theme 20mM 346:349 arg1 acid 358:361 20mM nitric acid 346:361 20mM nitric acid 346:361 Four tunisian pomegranate peels were subjected to hot aqueous extractions (86°C, 80min, 20mM nitric acid). 27542481 7 3 dep 10°C 844:847 arg1 to 841:842 to 841:842 to 841:842 With decreasing temperature from 90°C to 10°C, G' increased to reach a plateau at 10°C. 27542481 2 4 theme nitric 351:356 arg1 86°C 333:336 86°C 333:336 86°C 333:336 Four tunisian pomegranate peels were subjected to hot aqueous extractions (86°C, 80min, 20mM nitric acid). 27542481 2 4 theme nitric 351:356 arg1 acid 358:361 20mM nitric acid 346:361 20mM nitric acid 346:361 Four tunisian pomegranate peels were subjected to hot aqueous extractions (86°C, 80min, 20mM nitric acid). 27542481 2 5 dep extractions 320:330 arg1 80min 339:343 80min 339:343 80min 339:343 Four tunisian pomegranate peels were subjected to hot aqueous extractions (86°C, 80min, 20mM nitric acid). 27542481 2 5 dep extractions 320:330 arg1 86°C 333:336 86°C 333:336 86°C 333:336 Four tunisian pomegranate peels were subjected to hot aqueous extractions (86°C, 80min, 20mM nitric acid). 27542481 2 5 dep extractions 320:330 arg1 acid 358:361 20mM nitric acid 346:361 20mM nitric acid 346:361 Four tunisian pomegranate peels were subjected to hot aqueous extractions (86°C, 80min, 20mM nitric acid). 27542481 8 6 from variation 895:903 arg1 formation 923:931 the pectin gel formation 908:931 the pectin gel formation 908:931 The variation in the pectin gel formation between varieties was attributed to difference in pectin characteristics particularly the hydrodynamic volume and the neutral sugar content. 27542481 3 7 dep % 402:402 arg1 pectins 414:420 pectins 414:420 pectins 414:420 Pomegranate peels yielded between 6.8% and 10.1% pectins. 27542481 5 8 theme FT-IR 577:581 arg1 data 592:595 FT-IR spectral data 577:595 FT-IR spectral data in the region between 4000 and 650cm(-1) 577:636 Principal component analysis applied on FT-IR spectral data in the region between 4000 and 650cm(-1) differentiated the samples according to their degree of methylation. 27542481 6 9 dep pectin 740:745 arg1 the 719:721 the 719:721 the 719:721 At pH 3, in the presence of 0.7% pectin, all solutions showed a rapid gel formation with G'>G″. 27542481 6 9 dep pectin 740:745 arg1 presence 723:730 presence 723:730 presence 723:730 At pH 3, in the presence of 0.7% pectin, all solutions showed a rapid gel formation with G'>G″. 27542481 5 10 theme spectral 583:590 arg1 data 592:595 FT-IR spectral data 577:595 FT-IR spectral data in the region between 4000 and 650cm(-1) 577:636 Principal component analysis applied on FT-IR spectral data in the region between 4000 and 650cm(-1) differentiated the samples according to their degree of methylation. 27542481 8 11 theme gel 919:921 arg1 formation 923:931 the pectin gel formation 908:931 the pectin gel formation 908:931 The variation in the pectin gel formation between varieties was attributed to difference in pectin characteristics particularly the hydrodynamic volume and the neutral sugar content. 27542481 6 12 theme % 738:738 arg1 pectin 740:745 0.7% pectin 735:745 0.7% pectin 735:745 At pH 3, in the presence of 0.7% pectin, all solutions showed a rapid gel formation with G'>G″. 27542481 6 13 theme 0.7 735:737 arg1 % 738:738 % 738:738 % 738:738 At pH 3, in the presence of 0.7% pectin, all solutions showed a rapid gel formation with G'>G″. 27542481 2 14 theme aqueous 312:318 arg1 extractions 320:330 hot aqueous extractions 308:330 hot aqueous extractions (86°C, 80min, 20mM nitric acid) 308:362 Four tunisian pomegranate peels were subjected to hot aqueous extractions (86°C, 80min, 20mM nitric acid). 27542481 3 15 theme Pomegranate 365:375 arg1 peels 377:381 Pomegranate peels 365:381 Pomegranate peels 365:381 Pomegranate peels yielded between 6.8% and 10.1% pectins. 27542481 8 16 theme pectin 983:988 arg1 characteristics 990:1004 pectin characteristics 983:1004 pectin characteristics 983:1004 The variation in the pectin gel formation between varieties was attributed to difference in pectin characteristics particularly the hydrodynamic volume and the neutral sugar content. 27542481 4 17 theme extracted 427:435 arg1 low 450:452 low 450:452 low 450:452 The extracted pectins were low methylated and were characterized by the predominance of homogalacturonan regions. 27542481 4 17 theme extracted 427:435 arg1 pectins 437:443 The extracted pectins 423:443 The extracted pectins 423:443 The extracted pectins were low methylated and were characterized by the predominance of homogalacturonan regions. 27542481 4 17 theme extracted 427:435 arg1 methylated 454:463 methylated 454:463 methylated 454:463 The extracted pectins were low methylated and were characterized by the predominance of homogalacturonan regions. 27542481 1 18 theme pomegranate 109:119 arg1 peel 121:124 pomegranate peel 109:124 pomegranate peel 109:124 The composition of pomegranate peel, the main by-product during pomegranate processing, and some of the characteristics of the water-soluble pectins were investigated. 27542481 0 19 theme pomegranate 43:53 arg1 peel 55:58 pomegranate peel 43:58 pomegranate peel 43:58 Characterization of pectins extracted from pomegranate peel and their gelling properties. 27542481 4 20 dep low 450:452 arg1 low 450:452 low 450:452 low 450:452 The extracted pectins were low methylated and were characterized by the predominance of homogalacturonan regions. 27542481 4 20 dep low 450:452 arg1 pectins 437:443 The extracted pectins 423:443 The extracted pectins 423:443 The extracted pectins were low methylated and were characterized by the predominance of homogalacturonan regions. 27542481 4 20 dep low 450:452 arg1 methylated 454:463 methylated 454:463 methylated 454:463 The extracted pectins were low methylated and were characterized by the predominance of homogalacturonan regions. 27542481 5 21 theme methylation 694:704 arg1 degree 684:689 their degree 678:689 their degree of methylation 678:704 Principal component analysis applied on FT-IR spectral data in the region between 4000 and 650cm(-1) differentiated the samples according to their degree of methylation. 27542481 4 22 theme homogalacturonan 511:526 arg1 regions 528:534 homogalacturonan regions 511:534 homogalacturonan regions 511:534 The extracted pectins were low methylated and were characterized by the predominance of homogalacturonan regions. 27542481 8 23 theme pectin 912:917 arg1 formation 923:931 the pectin gel formation 908:931 the pectin gel formation 908:931 The variation in the pectin gel formation between varieties was attributed to difference in pectin characteristics particularly the hydrodynamic volume and the neutral sugar content. 27542481 5 24 theme Principal 537:545 arg1 analysis 557:564 Principal component analysis 537:564 Principal component analysis applied on FT-IR spectral data in the region between 4000 and 650cm(-1) 537:636 Principal component analysis applied on FT-IR spectral data in the region between 4000 and 650cm(-1) differentiated the samples according to their degree of methylation. 27542481 8 25 from difference 969:978 arg1 characteristics 990:1004 pectin characteristics 983:1004 pectin characteristics 983:1004 The variation in the pectin gel formation between varieties was attributed to difference in pectin characteristics particularly the hydrodynamic volume and the neutral sugar content. 27542481 5 26 theme component 547:555 arg1 analysis 557:564 Principal component analysis 537:564 Principal component analysis applied on FT-IR spectral data in the region between 4000 and 650cm(-1) 537:636 Principal component analysis applied on FT-IR spectral data in the region between 4000 and 650cm(-1) differentiated the samples according to their degree of methylation. 27542481 1 27 theme peel 121:124 arg1 composition 94:104 The composition 90:104 The composition of pomegranate peel 90:124 The composition of pomegranate peel, the main by-product during pomegranate processing, and some of the characteristics of the water-soluble pectins were investigated. 27542481 1 27 theme peel 121:124 arg1 by-product 136:145 the main by-product 127:145 the main by-product during pomegranate processing 127:175 The composition of pomegranate peel, the main by-product during pomegranate processing, and some of the characteristics of the water-soluble pectins were investigated. 27542481 8 28 theme hydrodynamic 1023:1034 arg1 volume 1036:1041 the hydrodynamic volume 1019:1041 the hydrodynamic volume 1019:1041 The variation in the pectin gel formation between varieties was attributed to difference in pectin characteristics particularly the hydrodynamic volume and the neutral sugar content. 27542481 5 29 from data 592:595 arg1 region 604:609 the region 600:609 the region between 4000 and 650cm(-1) 600:636 Principal component analysis applied on FT-IR spectral data in the region between 4000 and 650cm(-1) differentiated the samples according to their degree of methylation. 27542481 4 30 theme regions 528:534 arg1 predominance 495:506 the predominance 491:506 the predominance of homogalacturonan regions 491:534 The extracted pectins were low methylated and were characterized by the predominance of homogalacturonan regions. 27542481 2 31 theme pomegranate 272:282 arg1 peels 284:288 Four tunisian pomegranate peels 258:288 Four tunisian pomegranate peels 258:288 Four tunisian pomegranate peels were subjected to hot aqueous extractions (86°C, 80min, 20mM nitric acid). 27542481 1 32 theme water-soluble 217:229 arg1 pectins 231:237 the water-soluble pectins 213:237 the water-soluble pectins 213:237 The composition of pomegranate peel, the main by-product during pomegranate processing, and some of the characteristics of the water-soluble pectins were investigated. 27542481 6 33 theme gel 777:779 arg1 formation 781:789 a rapid gel formation 769:789 a rapid gel formation with G'>G″ 769:800 At pH 3, in the presence of 0.7% pectin, all solutions showed a rapid gel formation with G'>G″. 27542481 2 34 theme tunisian 263:270 arg1 peels 284:288 Four tunisian pomegranate peels 258:288 Four tunisian pomegranate peels 258:288 Four tunisian pomegranate peels were subjected to hot aqueous extractions (86°C, 80min, 20mM nitric acid). 27542481 1 35 theme main 131:134 arg1 by-product 136:145 the main by-product 127:145 the main by-product during pomegranate processing 127:175 The composition of pomegranate peel, the main by-product during pomegranate processing, and some of the characteristics of the water-soluble pectins were investigated. 27542481 1 36 theme pectins 231:237 arg1 characteristics 194:208 the characteristics 190:208 the characteristics of the water-soluble pectins 190:237 The composition of pomegranate peel, the main by-product during pomegranate processing, and some of the characteristics of the water-soluble pectins were investigated. 27542481 0 37 theme gelling 70:76 arg1 properties 78:87 their gelling properties 64:87 their gelling properties 64:87 Characterization of pectins extracted from pomegranate peel and their gelling properties. 27542481 6 38 theme rapid 771:775 arg1 formation 781:789 a rapid gel formation 769:789 a rapid gel formation with G'>G″ 769:800 At pH 3, in the presence of 0.7% pectin, all solutions showed a rapid gel formation with G'>G″. 27542481 8 39 theme neutral 1051:1057 arg1 content 1065:1071 the neutral sugar content 1047:1071 the neutral sugar content 1047:1071 The variation in the pectin gel formation between varieties was attributed to difference in pectin characteristics particularly the hydrodynamic volume and the neutral sugar content. 27542481 0 40 theme pectins 20:26 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of pectins 0:26 Characterization of pectins extracted from pomegranate peel and their gelling properties. 26147592 3 0 theme induced 632:638 arg1 coexistence 691:701 (IV) coexistence 686:701 (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS 686:721 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 26147592 3 0 theme induced 632:638 arg1 region 678:683 induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region 632:683 induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region 632:683 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 26147592 2 1 theme ionic 292:296 arg1 coordinate 319:328 the ionic strength-temperature coordinate 288:328 the ionic strength-temperature coordinate 288:328 The phase diagram is studied in the ionic strength-temperature coordinate by means of turbidity, rheological and differential scanning calorimetric measurements, and macroscopic phase compositional analysis. 26147592 5 2 contain have 1123:1126 arg1 NaCl 1106:1109 NaCl 1106:1109 NaCl 1106:1109 NaCl is found to have dual effects on HBIAPS. 26147592 5 2 contain have 1123:1126 arg2 effects 1133:1139 dual effects 1128:1139 dual effects 1128:1139 NaCl is found to have dual effects on HBIAPS. 26147592 6 3 theme electrostatic 1156:1168 arg1 complexation 1170:1181 The electrostatic complexation 1152:1181 The electrostatic complexation at lower ionic strength 1152:1205 The electrostatic complexation at lower ionic strength facilitates the formation of hydrogen bonds between gelatin and KC and hence the HBIAPS. 26147592 1 4 theme aqueous 148:154 arg1 mixture 156:162 an aqueous mixture 145:162 an aqueous mixture of oppositely charged gelling biopolymers, type B gelatin and κ-carrageenan (KC) at pH 7.0 145:253 We report a detailed and complete phase diagram for an aqueous mixture of oppositely charged gelling biopolymers, type B gelatin and κ-carrageenan (KC) at pH 7.0. 26147592 4 5 theme transition 994:1003 arg1 temperatures 1005:1016 their conformational transition temperatures 973:1016 their conformational transition temperatures 973:1016 The HBIAPS reported for the first time here is attributed to the extensive hydrogen bonding formation between gelatin and KC above their conformational transition temperatures, as probed by addition of urea and methylene blue as well as by 2D (1)H-(1)H NOESY NMR. 26147592 2 6 theme phase 260:264 arg1 diagram 266:272 The phase diagram 256:272 The phase diagram 256:272 The phase diagram is studied in the ionic strength-temperature coordinate by means of turbidity, rheological and differential scanning calorimetric measurements, and macroscopic phase compositional analysis. 26147592 7 7 theme helix 1429:1433 arg1 formation 1435:1443 triple helix formation 1422:1443 triple helix formation during cooling 1422:1458 It is believed that the local structural arrangement of gelatin molecules or the change in local solvent environment prior to triple helix formation during cooling enables the formation of hydrogen bonds with KC. 26147592 1 8 theme charged 178:184 arg1 κ-carrageenan 226:238 κ-carrageenan 226:238 κ-carrageenan (KC) 226:243 We report a detailed and complete phase diagram for an aqueous mixture of oppositely charged gelling biopolymers, type B gelatin and κ-carrageenan (KC) at pH 7.0. 26147592 1 8 theme charged 178:184 arg1 gelatin 214:220 type B gelatin 207:220 type B gelatin 207:220 We report a detailed and complete phase diagram for an aqueous mixture of oppositely charged gelling biopolymers, type B gelatin and κ-carrageenan (KC) at pH 7.0. 26147592 1 8 theme charged 178:184 arg1 biopolymers 194:204 oppositely charged gelling biopolymers 167:204 oppositely charged gelling biopolymers 167:204 We report a detailed and complete phase diagram for an aqueous mixture of oppositely charged gelling biopolymers, type B gelatin and κ-carrageenan (KC) at pH 7.0. 26147592 3 9 theme EIAPS 706:710 arg1 coexistence 691:701 (IV) coexistence 686:701 (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS 686:721 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 26147592 3 9 theme EIAPS 706:710 arg1 region 678:683 induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region 632:683 induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region 632:683 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 26147592 3 10 theme associative 564:574 arg1 region 601:606 (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region 533:606 (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region 533:606 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 26147592 3 11 dep coexistence 776:786 arg1 VI 772:773 VI 772:773 VI 772:773 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 26147592 1 12 theme biopolymers 194:204 arg1 mixture 156:162 an aqueous mixture 145:162 an aqueous mixture of oppositely charged gelling biopolymers, type B gelatin and κ-carrageenan (KC) at pH 7.0 145:253 We report a detailed and complete phase diagram for an aqueous mixture of oppositely charged gelling biopolymers, type B gelatin and κ-carrageenan (KC) at pH 7.0. 26147592 7 13 theme local 1387:1391 arg1 environment 1401:1411 local solvent environment 1387:1411 local solvent environment prior to triple helix formation during cooling 1387:1458 It is believed that the local structural arrangement of gelatin molecules or the change in local solvent environment prior to triple helix formation during cooling enables the formation of hydrogen bonds with KC. 26147592 4 14 theme urea 1044:1047 arg1 addition 1032:1039 addition 1032:1039 addition of urea and methylene blue as well as by 2D (1)H-(1)H NOESY NMR 1032:1103 The HBIAPS reported for the first time here is attributed to the extensive hydrogen bonding formation between gelatin and KC above their conformational transition temperatures, as probed by addition of urea and methylene blue as well as by 2D (1)H-(1)H NOESY NMR. 26147592 3 15 theme EIAPS 594:598 arg1 region 601:606 (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region 533:606 (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region 533:606 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 26147592 3 16 theme HBIAPS 716:721 arg1 coexistence 691:701 (IV) coexistence 686:701 (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS 686:721 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 26147592 3 16 theme HBIAPS 716:721 arg1 region 678:683 induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region 632:683 induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region 632:683 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 26147592 3 17 theme separation 582:591 arg1 region 601:606 (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region 533:606 (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region 533:606 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 26147592 1 18 theme phase 127:131 arg1 diagram 133:139 a detailed and complete phase diagram 103:139 a detailed and complete phase diagram for an aqueous mixture of oppositely charged gelling biopolymers, type B gelatin and κ-carrageenan (KC) at pH 7.0 103:253 We report a detailed and complete phase diagram for an aqueous mixture of oppositely charged gelling biopolymers, type B gelatin and κ-carrageenan (KC) at pH 7.0. 26147592 3 19 theme phase 740:744 arg1 region 763:768 (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region 609:768 (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region 609:768 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 26147592 7 20 theme bonds 1494:1498 arg1 formation 1472:1480 the formation 1468:1480 the formation of hydrogen bonds with KC 1468:1506 It is believed that the local structural arrangement of gelatin molecules or the change in local solvent environment prior to triple helix formation during cooling enables the formation of hydrogen bonds with KC. 26147592 7 21 theme gelatin 1352:1358 arg1 molecules 1360:1368 gelatin molecules 1352:1368 gelatin molecules 1352:1368 It is believed that the local structural arrangement of gelatin molecules or the change in local solvent environment prior to triple helix formation during cooling enables the formation of hydrogen bonds with KC. 26147592 0 22 theme B 82:82 arg1 Gelatin 84:90 Type B Gelatin 77:90 Type B Gelatin 77:90 Mapping the Complex Phase Behaviors of Aqueous Mixtures of κ-Carrageenan and Type B Gelatin. 26147592 3 23 dep coexistence 691:701 arg1 IV 687:688 IV 687:688 IV 687:688 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 26147592 3 24 theme compatible 514:523 arg1 region 525:530 (I) compatible region 510:530 (I) compatible region 510:530 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 26147592 3 25 theme HBIAPS 791:796 arg1 SPS 817:819 (VII) SPS 811:819 (VII) SPS trapped by gelation 811:839 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 26147592 3 25 theme HBIAPS 791:796 arg1 coexistence 776:786 (VI) coexistence 771:786 (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS 771:804 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 26147592 3 25 theme HBIAPS 791:796 arg1 region 763:768 (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region 609:768 (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region 609:768 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 26147592 3 25 theme HBIAPS 791:796 arg1 region 601:606 (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region 533:606 (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region 533:606 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 26147592 3 25 theme HBIAPS 791:796 arg1 region 525:530 (I) compatible region 510:530 (I) compatible region 510:530 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 26147592 4 26 theme 2D 1082:1083 arg1 NMR 1101:1103 2D (1)H-(1)H NOESY NMR 1082:1103 2D (1)H-(1)H NOESY NMR 1082:1103 The HBIAPS reported for the first time here is attributed to the extensive hydrogen bonding formation between gelatin and KC above their conformational transition temperatures, as probed by addition of urea and methylene blue as well as by 2D (1)H-(1)H NOESY NMR. 26147592 4 27 theme methylene 1053:1061 arg1 addition 1032:1039 addition 1032:1039 addition of urea and methylene blue as well as by 2D (1)H-(1)H NOESY NMR 1032:1103 The HBIAPS reported for the first time here is attributed to the extensive hydrogen bonding formation between gelatin and KC above their conformational transition temperatures, as probed by addition of urea and methylene blue as well as by 2D (1)H-(1)H NOESY NMR. 26147592 5 28 theme dual 1128:1131 arg1 effects 1133:1139 dual effects 1128:1139 dual effects 1128:1139 NaCl is found to have dual effects on HBIAPS. 26147592 2 29 theme scanning 382:389 arg1 measurements 404:415 rheological and differential scanning calorimetric measurements 353:415 rheological and differential scanning calorimetric measurements 353:415 The phase diagram is studied in the ionic strength-temperature coordinate by means of turbidity, rheological and differential scanning calorimetric measurements, and macroscopic phase compositional analysis. 26147592 0 30 theme Complex 12:18 arg1 Behaviors 26:34 the Complex Phase Behaviors 8:34 the Complex Phase Behaviors of Aqueous Mixtures of κ-Carrageenan and Type B Gelatin 8:90 Mapping the Complex Phase Behaviors of Aqueous Mixtures of κ-Carrageenan and Type B Gelatin. 26147592 7 31 from arrangement 1337:1347 arg1 environment 1401:1411 local solvent environment 1387:1411 local solvent environment prior to triple helix formation during cooling 1387:1458 It is believed that the local structural arrangement of gelatin molecules or the change in local solvent environment prior to triple helix formation during cooling enables the formation of hydrogen bonds with KC. 26147592 3 32 theme SPS 802:804 arg1 SPS 817:819 (VII) SPS 811:819 (VII) SPS trapped by gelation 811:839 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 26147592 3 32 theme SPS 802:804 arg1 coexistence 776:786 (VI) coexistence 771:786 (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS 771:804 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 26147592 3 32 theme SPS 802:804 arg1 region 763:768 (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region 609:768 (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region 609:768 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 26147592 3 32 theme SPS 802:804 arg1 region 601:606 (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region 533:606 (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region 533:606 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 26147592 3 32 theme SPS 802:804 arg1 region 525:530 (I) compatible region 510:530 (I) compatible region 510:530 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 26147592 1 33 theme complete 118:125 arg1 diagram 133:139 a detailed and complete phase diagram 103:139 a detailed and complete phase diagram for an aqueous mixture of oppositely charged gelling biopolymers, type B gelatin and κ-carrageenan (KC) at pH 7.0 103:253 We report a detailed and complete phase diagram for an aqueous mixture of oppositely charged gelling biopolymers, type B gelatin and κ-carrageenan (KC) at pH 7.0. 26147592 2 34 theme phase 434:438 arg1 analysis 454:461 macroscopic phase compositional analysis 422:461 macroscopic phase compositional analysis 422:461 The phase diagram is studied in the ionic strength-temperature coordinate by means of turbidity, rheological and differential scanning calorimetric measurements, and macroscopic phase compositional analysis. 26147592 4 35 theme H 1093:1093 arg1 NMR 1101:1103 2D (1)H-(1)H NOESY NMR 1082:1103 2D (1)H-(1)H NOESY NMR 1082:1103 The HBIAPS reported for the first time here is attributed to the extensive hydrogen bonding formation between gelatin and KC above their conformational transition temperatures, as probed by addition of urea and methylene blue as well as by 2D (1)H-(1)H NOESY NMR. 26147592 3 36 theme phase 470:474 arg1 regions 476:482 Seven phase regions 464:482 Seven phase regions 464:482 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 26147592 6 37 theme lower 1186:1190 arg1 strength 1198:1205 lower ionic strength 1186:1205 lower ionic strength 1186:1205 The electrostatic complexation at lower ionic strength facilitates the formation of hydrogen bonds between gelatin and KC and hence the HBIAPS. 26147592 3 38 theme VII 812:814 arg1 SPS 817:819 (VII) SPS 811:819 (VII) SPS trapped by gelation 811:839 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 26147592 4 39 theme bonding 926:932 arg1 formation 934:942 the extensive hydrogen bonding formation 903:942 the extensive hydrogen bonding formation between gelatin and KC above their conformational transition temperatures 903:1016 The HBIAPS reported for the first time here is attributed to the extensive hydrogen bonding formation between gelatin and KC above their conformational transition temperatures, as probed by addition of urea and methylene blue as well as by 2D (1)H-(1)H NOESY NMR. 26147592 3 40 theme bonding 624:630 arg1 region 763:768 (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region 609:768 (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region 609:768 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 26147592 7 41 from change 1377:1382 arg1 environment 1401:1411 local solvent environment 1387:1411 local solvent environment prior to triple helix formation during cooling 1387:1458 It is believed that the local structural arrangement of gelatin molecules or the change in local solvent environment prior to triple helix formation during cooling enables the formation of hydrogen bonds with KC. 26147592 4 42 theme H- 1088:1089 arg1 NMR 1101:1103 2D (1)H-(1)H NOESY NMR 1082:1103 2D (1)H-(1)H NOESY NMR 1082:1103 The HBIAPS reported for the first time here is attributed to the extensive hydrogen bonding formation between gelatin and KC above their conformational transition temperatures, as probed by addition of urea and methylene blue as well as by 2D (1)H-(1)H NOESY NMR. 26147592 1 43 theme B 212:212 arg1 gelatin 214:220 type B gelatin 207:220 type B gelatin 207:220 We report a detailed and complete phase diagram for an aqueous mixture of oppositely charged gelling biopolymers, type B gelatin and κ-carrageenan (KC) at pH 7.0. 26147592 1 43 theme B 212:212 arg1 biopolymers 194:204 oppositely charged gelling biopolymers 167:204 oppositely charged gelling biopolymers 167:204 We report a detailed and complete phase diagram for an aqueous mixture of oppositely charged gelling biopolymers, type B gelatin and κ-carrageenan (KC) at pH 7.0. 26147592 6 44 theme ionic 1192:1196 arg1 strength 1198:1205 lower ionic strength 1186:1205 lower ionic strength 1186:1205 The electrostatic complexation at lower ionic strength facilitates the formation of hydrogen bonds between gelatin and KC and hence the HBIAPS. 26147592 3 45 theme separation 658:667 arg1 coexistence 691:701 (IV) coexistence 686:701 (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS 686:721 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 26147592 3 45 theme separation 658:667 arg1 region 678:683 induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region 632:683 induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region 632:683 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 26147592 2 46 theme strength-temperature 298:317 arg1 coordinate 319:328 the ionic strength-temperature coordinate 288:328 the ionic strength-temperature coordinate 288:328 The phase diagram is studied in the ionic strength-temperature coordinate by means of turbidity, rheological and differential scanning calorimetric measurements, and macroscopic phase compositional analysis. 26147592 4 47 theme extensive 907:915 arg1 formation 934:942 the extensive hydrogen bonding formation 903:942 the extensive hydrogen bonding formation between gelatin and KC above their conformational transition temperatures 903:1016 The HBIAPS reported for the first time here is attributed to the extensive hydrogen bonding formation between gelatin and KC above their conformational transition temperatures, as probed by addition of urea and methylene blue as well as by 2D (1)H-(1)H NOESY NMR. 26147592 3 48 theme associative 640:650 arg1 coexistence 691:701 (IV) coexistence 686:701 (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS 686:721 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 26147592 3 48 theme associative 640:650 arg1 region 678:683 induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region 632:683 induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region 632:683 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 26147592 6 49 theme bonds 1245:1249 arg1 formation 1223:1231 the formation 1219:1231 the formation of hydrogen bonds between gelatin and KC 1219:1272 The electrostatic complexation at lower ionic strength facilitates the formation of hydrogen bonds between gelatin and KC and hence the HBIAPS. 26147592 4 50 theme conformational 979:992 arg1 temperatures 1005:1016 their conformational transition temperatures 973:1016 their conformational transition temperatures 973:1016 The HBIAPS reported for the first time here is attributed to the extensive hydrogen bonding formation between gelatin and KC above their conformational transition temperatures, as probed by addition of urea and methylene blue as well as by 2D (1)H-(1)H NOESY NMR. 26147592 3 51 theme region 678:683 arg1 region 763:768 (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region 609:768 (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region 609:768 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 26147592 1 52 from pH 248:249 arg1 mixture 156:162 an aqueous mixture 145:162 an aqueous mixture of oppositely charged gelling biopolymers, type B gelatin and κ-carrageenan (KC) at pH 7.0 145:253 We report a detailed and complete phase diagram for an aqueous mixture of oppositely charged gelling biopolymers, type B gelatin and κ-carrageenan (KC) at pH 7.0. 26147592 0 53 theme Aqueous 39:45 arg1 Mixtures 47:54 Aqueous Mixtures 39:54 Aqueous Mixtures of κ-Carrageenan and Type B Gelatin 39:90 Mapping the Complex Phase Behaviors of Aqueous Mixtures of κ-Carrageenan and Type B Gelatin. 26147592 3 54 theme HBIAPS 670:675 arg1 coexistence 691:701 (IV) coexistence 686:701 (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS 686:721 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 26147592 3 54 theme HBIAPS 670:675 arg1 region 678:683 induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region 632:683 induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region 632:683 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 26147592 7 55 theme triple 1422:1427 arg1 formation 1435:1443 triple helix formation 1422:1443 triple helix formation during cooling 1422:1458 It is believed that the local structural arrangement of gelatin molecules or the change in local solvent environment prior to triple helix formation during cooling enables the formation of hydrogen bonds with KC. 26147592 7 56 theme prior 1413:1417 arg1 environment 1401:1411 local solvent environment 1387:1411 local solvent environment prior to triple helix formation during cooling 1387:1458 It is believed that the local structural arrangement of gelatin molecules or the change in local solvent environment prior to triple helix formation during cooling enables the formation of hydrogen bonds with KC. 26147592 3 57 theme induced 556:562 arg1 region 601:606 (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region 533:606 (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region 533:606 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 26147592 1 58 theme gelling 186:192 arg1 κ-carrageenan 226:238 κ-carrageenan 226:238 κ-carrageenan (KC) 226:243 We report a detailed and complete phase diagram for an aqueous mixture of oppositely charged gelling biopolymers, type B gelatin and κ-carrageenan (KC) at pH 7.0. 26147592 1 58 theme gelling 186:192 arg1 gelatin 214:220 type B gelatin 207:220 type B gelatin 207:220 We report a detailed and complete phase diagram for an aqueous mixture of oppositely charged gelling biopolymers, type B gelatin and κ-carrageenan (KC) at pH 7.0. 26147592 1 58 theme gelling 186:192 arg1 biopolymers 194:204 oppositely charged gelling biopolymers 167:204 oppositely charged gelling biopolymers 167:204 We report a detailed and complete phase diagram for an aqueous mixture of oppositely charged gelling biopolymers, type B gelatin and κ-carrageenan (KC) at pH 7.0. 26147592 7 59 theme solvent 1393:1399 arg1 environment 1401:1411 local solvent environment 1387:1411 local solvent environment prior to triple helix formation during cooling 1387:1458 It is believed that the local structural arrangement of gelatin molecules or the change in local solvent environment prior to triple helix formation during cooling enables the formation of hydrogen bonds with KC. 26147592 1 60 theme detailed 105:112 arg1 diagram 133:139 a detailed and complete phase diagram 103:139 a detailed and complete phase diagram for an aqueous mixture of oppositely charged gelling biopolymers, type B gelatin and κ-carrageenan (KC) at pH 7.0 103:253 We report a detailed and complete phase diagram for an aqueous mixture of oppositely charged gelling biopolymers, type B gelatin and κ-carrageenan (KC) at pH 7.0. 26147592 0 61 theme κ-Carrageenan 59:71 arg1 Mixtures 47:54 Aqueous Mixtures 39:54 Aqueous Mixtures of κ-Carrageenan and Type B Gelatin 39:90 Mapping the Complex Phase Behaviors of Aqueous Mixtures of κ-Carrageenan and Type B Gelatin. 26147592 6 62 from strength 1198:1205 arg1 complexation 1170:1181 The electrostatic complexation 1152:1181 The electrostatic complexation at lower ionic strength 1152:1205 The electrostatic complexation at lower ionic strength facilitates the formation of hydrogen bonds between gelatin and KC and hence the HBIAPS. 26147592 3 63 theme phase 576:580 arg1 region 601:606 (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region 533:606 (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region 533:606 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 26147592 3 64 dep region 525:530 arg1 I 511:511 I 511:511 I 511:511 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 26147592 3 65 theme SPS 758:760 arg1 region 763:768 (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region 609:768 (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region 609:768 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 26147592 7 66 theme molecules 1360:1368 arg1 arrangement 1337:1347 the local structural arrangement 1316:1347 the local structural arrangement of gelatin molecules 1316:1368 It is believed that the local structural arrangement of gelatin molecules or the change in local solvent environment prior to triple helix formation during cooling enables the formation of hydrogen bonds with KC. 26147592 7 66 theme molecules 1360:1368 arg1 change 1377:1382 the change 1373:1382 the change in local solvent environment prior to triple helix formation during cooling 1373:1458 It is believed that the local structural arrangement of gelatin molecules or the change in local solvent environment prior to triple helix formation during cooling enables the formation of hydrogen bonds with KC. 26147592 7 67 with bonds 1494:1498 arg1 KC 1505:1506 KC 1505:1506 KC 1505:1506 It is believed that the local structural arrangement of gelatin molecules or the change in local solvent environment prior to triple helix formation during cooling enables the formation of hydrogen bonds with KC. 26147592 0 68 theme Type 77:80 arg1 Gelatin 84:90 Type B Gelatin 77:90 Type B Gelatin 77:90 Mapping the Complex Phase Behaviors of Aqueous Mixtures of κ-Carrageenan and Type B Gelatin. 26147592 3 69 theme separation 746:755 arg1 region 763:768 (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region 609:768 (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region 609:768 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 26147592 0 70 theme Gelatin 84:90 arg1 Mixtures 47:54 Aqueous Mixtures 39:54 Aqueous Mixtures of κ-Carrageenan and Type B Gelatin 39:90 Mapping the Complex Phase Behaviors of Aqueous Mixtures of κ-Carrageenan and Type B Gelatin. 26147592 7 71 theme structural 1326:1335 arg1 arrangement 1337:1347 the local structural arrangement 1316:1347 the local structural arrangement of gelatin molecules 1316:1368 It is believed that the local structural arrangement of gelatin molecules or the change in local solvent environment prior to triple helix formation during cooling enables the formation of hydrogen bonds with KC. 26147592 3 72 theme segregative 728:738 arg1 region 763:768 (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region 609:768 (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region 609:768 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 26147592 3 73 dep region 763:768 arg1 V 725:725 V 725:725 V 725:725 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 26147592 7 74 theme hydrogen 1485:1492 arg1 bonds 1494:1498 hydrogen bonds 1485:1498 hydrogen bonds with KC 1485:1506 It is believed that the local structural arrangement of gelatin molecules or the change in local solvent environment prior to triple helix formation during cooling enables the formation of hydrogen bonds with KC. 26147592 4 75 theme blue 1063:1066 arg1 methylene 1053:1061 methylene blue 1053:1066 methylene blue as well as by 2D (1)H-(1)H NOESY NMR 1053:1103 The HBIAPS reported for the first time here is attributed to the extensive hydrogen bonding formation between gelatin and KC above their conformational transition temperatures, as probed by addition of urea and methylene blue as well as by 2D (1)H-(1)H NOESY NMR. 26147592 1 76 theme type 207:210 arg1 gelatin 214:220 type B gelatin 207:220 type B gelatin 207:220 We report a detailed and complete phase diagram for an aqueous mixture of oppositely charged gelling biopolymers, type B gelatin and κ-carrageenan (KC) at pH 7.0. 26147592 1 76 theme type 207:210 arg1 biopolymers 194:204 oppositely charged gelling biopolymers 167:204 oppositely charged gelling biopolymers 167:204 We report a detailed and complete phase diagram for an aqueous mixture of oppositely charged gelling biopolymers, type B gelatin and κ-carrageenan (KC) at pH 7.0. 26147592 6 77 theme hydrogen 1236:1243 arg1 bonds 1245:1249 hydrogen bonds 1236:1249 hydrogen bonds between gelatin and KC 1236:1272 The electrostatic complexation at lower ionic strength facilitates the formation of hydrogen bonds between gelatin and KC and hence the HBIAPS. 26147592 4 78 theme first 870:874 arg1 time 876:879 the first time 866:879 the first time 866:879 The HBIAPS reported for the first time here is attributed to the extensive hydrogen bonding formation between gelatin and KC above their conformational transition temperatures, as probed by addition of urea and methylene blue as well as by 2D (1)H-(1)H NOESY NMR. 26147592 0 79 theme Phase 20:24 arg1 Behaviors 26:34 the Complex Phase Behaviors 8:34 the Complex Phase Behaviors of Aqueous Mixtures of κ-Carrageenan and Type B Gelatin 8:90 Mapping the Complex Phase Behaviors of Aqueous Mixtures of κ-Carrageenan and Type B Gelatin. 26147592 2 80 theme calorimetric 391:402 arg1 measurements 404:415 rheological and differential scanning calorimetric measurements 353:415 rheological and differential scanning calorimetric measurements 353:415 The phase diagram is studied in the ionic strength-temperature coordinate by means of turbidity, rheological and differential scanning calorimetric measurements, and macroscopic phase compositional analysis. 26147592 2 81 theme differential 369:380 arg1 measurements 404:415 rheological and differential scanning calorimetric measurements 353:415 rheological and differential scanning calorimetric measurements 353:415 The phase diagram is studied in the ionic strength-temperature coordinate by means of turbidity, rheological and differential scanning calorimetric measurements, and macroscopic phase compositional analysis. 26147592 7 82 theme local 1320:1324 arg1 arrangement 1337:1347 the local structural arrangement 1316:1347 the local structural arrangement of gelatin molecules 1316:1368 It is believed that the local structural arrangement of gelatin molecules or the change in local solvent environment prior to triple helix formation during cooling enables the formation of hydrogen bonds with KC. 26147592 2 83 theme compositional 440:452 arg1 analysis 454:461 macroscopic phase compositional analysis 422:461 macroscopic phase compositional analysis 422:461 The phase diagram is studied in the ionic strength-temperature coordinate by means of turbidity, rheological and differential scanning calorimetric measurements, and macroscopic phase compositional analysis. 26147592 4 84 theme NOESY 1095:1099 arg1 NMR 1101:1103 2D (1)H-(1)H NOESY NMR 1082:1103 2D (1)H-(1)H NOESY NMR 1082:1103 The HBIAPS reported for the first time here is attributed to the extensive hydrogen bonding formation between gelatin and KC above their conformational transition temperatures, as probed by addition of urea and methylene blue as well as by 2D (1)H-(1)H NOESY NMR. 26147592 2 85 theme rheological 353:363 arg1 measurements 404:415 rheological and differential scanning calorimetric measurements 353:415 rheological and differential scanning calorimetric measurements 353:415 The phase diagram is studied in the ionic strength-temperature coordinate by means of turbidity, rheological and differential scanning calorimetric measurements, and macroscopic phase compositional analysis. 26147592 0 86 theme Mixtures 47:54 arg1 Behaviors 26:34 the Complex Phase Behaviors 8:34 the Complex Phase Behaviors of Aqueous Mixtures of κ-Carrageenan and Type B Gelatin 8:90 Mapping the Complex Phase Behaviors of Aqueous Mixtures of κ-Carrageenan and Type B Gelatin. 26147592 2 87 theme macroscopic 422:432 arg1 analysis 454:461 macroscopic phase compositional analysis 422:461 macroscopic phase compositional analysis 422:461 The phase diagram is studied in the ionic strength-temperature coordinate by means of turbidity, rheological and differential scanning calorimetric measurements, and macroscopic phase compositional analysis. 26147592 3 88 theme hydrogen 615:622 arg1 region 763:768 (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region 609:768 (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region 609:768 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 26147592 4 89 theme hydrogen 917:924 arg1 formation 934:942 the extensive hydrogen bonding formation 903:942 the extensive hydrogen bonding formation between gelatin and KC above their conformational transition temperatures 903:1016 The HBIAPS reported for the first time here is attributed to the extensive hydrogen bonding formation between gelatin and KC above their conformational transition temperatures, as probed by addition of urea and methylene blue as well as by 2D (1)H-(1)H NOESY NMR. 26147592 3 90 dep region 601:606 arg1 II 534:535 II 534:535 II 534:535 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 26147592 3 91 theme phase 652:656 arg1 coexistence 691:701 (IV) coexistence 686:701 (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS 686:721 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 26147592 3 91 theme phase 652:656 arg1 region 678:683 induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region 632:683 induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region 632:683 Seven phase regions are identified, including (I) compatible region, (II) electrostatically induced associative phase separation (EIAPS) region, (III) hydrogen bonding induced associative phase separation (HBIAPS) region, (IV) coexistence of EIAPS and HBIAPS, (V) segregative phase separation (SPS) region, (VI) coexistence of HBIAPS and SPS, and (VII) SPS trapped by gelation. 27767021 0 0 theme hybrid 91:96 arg1 scaffolds 123:131 hybrid hydrogel-cancellous bone scaffolds 91:131 hybrid hydrogel-cancellous bone scaffolds in a spinner flask 91:150 Development and fabrication of a two-layer tissue engineered osteochondral composite using hybrid hydrogel-cancellous bone scaffolds in a spinner flask. 27767021 8 1 theme dynamic 1531:1537 arg1 culture 1539:1545 a dynamic culture 1529:1545 a dynamic culture 1529:1545 This study demonstrates that osteochondral composites incorporated with a dynamic culture improved the performance of the constructs, providing the basis for a promising tool and a better strategy for the rapid fabrication of osteochondral substitutes and regeneration of injured cartilage. 27767021 7 2 theme osteochondral 1431:1443 arg1 composites 1445:1454 the osteochondral composites 1427:1454 the osteochondral composites 1427:1454 In addition, the enhanced mass transfer contributed to the interface formation, cells infiltration and distribution in the osteochondral composites. 27767021 2 3 theme chemical 538:545 arg1 stimulation 547:557 mechanical and chemical stimulation 523:557 mechanical and chemical stimulation 523:557 Osteochondral composites combined with a dynamic culture provide great potential for improving the quality of constructs and cartilage regeneration as dynamic conditions mimic the in vivo condition where cells were constantly subjected to mechanical and chemical stimulation. 27767021 2 4 theme constructs 394:403 arg1 quality 383:389 the quality 379:389 the quality of constructs 379:403 Osteochondral composites combined with a dynamic culture provide great potential for improving the quality of constructs and cartilage regeneration as dynamic conditions mimic the in vivo condition where cells were constantly subjected to mechanical and chemical stimulation. 27767021 0 5 theme bone 118:121 arg1 scaffolds 123:131 hybrid hydrogel-cancellous bone scaffolds 91:131 hybrid hydrogel-cancellous bone scaffolds in a spinner flask 91:150 Development and fabrication of a two-layer tissue engineered osteochondral composite using hybrid hydrogel-cancellous bone scaffolds in a spinner flask. 27767021 3 6 theme dynamic 728:734 arg1 system 736:741 a dynamic system 726:741 a dynamic system 726:741 In the present study, biophasic composites were produced in vitro consisting of cell-hydrogel (CH) and cell-cancellous bone (CB) constructs, followed by culturing in a dynamic system in a spinner flask. 27767021 8 7 theme osteochondral 1683:1695 arg1 fabrication 1668:1678 the rapid fabrication 1658:1678 the rapid fabrication of osteochondral substitutes and regeneration of injured cartilage 1658:1745 This study demonstrates that osteochondral composites incorporated with a dynamic culture improved the performance of the constructs, providing the basis for a promising tool and a better strategy for the rapid fabrication of osteochondral substitutes and regeneration of injured cartilage. 27767021 0 8 theme hydrogel-cancellous 98:116 arg1 scaffolds 123:131 hybrid hydrogel-cancellous bone scaffolds 91:131 hybrid hydrogel-cancellous bone scaffolds in a spinner flask 91:150 Development and fabrication of a two-layer tissue engineered osteochondral composite using hybrid hydrogel-cancellous bone scaffolds in a spinner flask. 27767021 8 9 dep osteochondral 1683:1695 arg1 substitutes 1697:1707 substitutes 1697:1707 substitutes 1697:1707 This study demonstrates that osteochondral composites incorporated with a dynamic culture improved the performance of the constructs, providing the basis for a promising tool and a better strategy for the rapid fabrication of osteochondral substitutes and regeneration of injured cartilage. 27767021 4 10 theme study 779:783 arg1 aim 767:769 The aim 763:769 The aim of this study 763:783 The aim of this study was to investigate cell behaviors (i.e. cell growth, differentiation, distribution and matrix deposition) cultured in different constructs under static and dynamic circumstances. 27767021 6 11 theme extracellular 1239:1251 arg1 production 1260:1269 a preferable extracellular matrix production 1226:1269 a preferable extracellular matrix production 1226:1269 Dynamic culture yielded a preferable extracellular matrix production, particularly in hydrogel scaffolds. 27767021 2 12 theme dynamic 325:331 arg1 culture 333:339 a dynamic culture 323:339 a dynamic culture 323:339 Osteochondral composites combined with a dynamic culture provide great potential for improving the quality of constructs and cartilage regeneration as dynamic conditions mimic the in vivo condition where cells were constantly subjected to mechanical and chemical stimulation. 27767021 7 13 from distribution 1411:1422 arg1 composites 1445:1454 the osteochondral composites 1427:1454 the osteochondral composites 1427:1454 In addition, the enhanced mass transfer contributed to the interface formation, cells infiltration and distribution in the osteochondral composites. 27767021 5 14 theme glycosaminoglycan 1128:1144 arg1 expression 1106:1115 the increased expression 1092:1115 the increased expression of ALP and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in either bone or cartilage substitute materials 1092:1199 As a result, we found that mechanical stimulation promoted osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of cells as indicated by the increased expression of ALP and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in either bone or cartilage substitute materials. 27767021 3 15 theme biophasic 582:590 arg1 composites 592:601 biophasic composites 582:601 biophasic composites 582:601 In the present study, biophasic composites were produced in vitro consisting of cell-hydrogel (CH) and cell-cancellous bone (CB) constructs, followed by culturing in a dynamic system in a spinner flask. 27767021 7 16 theme cells 1388:1392 arg1 infiltration 1394:1405 cells infiltration 1388:1405 cells infiltration 1388:1405 In addition, the enhanced mass transfer contributed to the interface formation, cells infiltration and distribution in the osteochondral composites. 27767021 1 17 theme osteochondral 191:203 arg1 composites 205:214 engineered osteochondral composites 180:214 engineered osteochondral composites 180:214 Biological treatment using engineered osteochondral composites has received growing attention for the repair of cartilage defects. 27767021 5 18 from expression 1106:1115 arg1 cartilage 1170:1178 cartilage 1170:1178 cartilage 1170:1178 As a result, we found that mechanical stimulation promoted osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of cells as indicated by the increased expression of ALP and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in either bone or cartilage substitute materials. 27767021 5 18 from expression 1106:1115 arg1 bone 1162:1165 bone 1162:1165 bone 1162:1165 As a result, we found that mechanical stimulation promoted osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of cells as indicated by the increased expression of ALP and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in either bone or cartilage substitute materials. 27767021 5 19 theme mechanical 991:1000 arg1 stimulation 1002:1012 mechanical stimulation 991:1012 mechanical stimulation 991:1012 As a result, we found that mechanical stimulation promoted osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of cells as indicated by the increased expression of ALP and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in either bone or cartilage substitute materials. 27767021 5 20 dep bone 1162:1165 arg1 materials 1191:1199 substitute materials 1180:1199 substitute materials 1180:1199 As a result, we found that mechanical stimulation promoted osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of cells as indicated by the increased expression of ALP and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in either bone or cartilage substitute materials. 27767021 3 21 theme spinner 748:754 arg1 flask 756:760 a spinner flask 746:760 a spinner flask 746:760 In the present study, biophasic composites were produced in vitro consisting of cell-hydrogel (CH) and cell-cancellous bone (CB) constructs, followed by culturing in a dynamic system in a spinner flask. 27767021 4 22 theme matrix 872:877 arg1 deposition 879:888 matrix deposition 872:888 matrix deposition 872:888 The aim of this study was to investigate cell behaviors (i.e. cell growth, differentiation, distribution and matrix deposition) cultured in different constructs under static and dynamic circumstances. 27767021 4 23 theme different 903:911 arg1 constructs 913:922 different constructs 903:922 different constructs 903:922 The aim of this study was to investigate cell behaviors (i.e. cell growth, differentiation, distribution and matrix deposition) cultured in different constructs under static and dynamic circumstances. 27767021 2 24 theme dynamic 435:441 arg1 conditions 443:452 dynamic conditions 435:452 dynamic conditions 435:452 Osteochondral composites combined with a dynamic culture provide great potential for improving the quality of constructs and cartilage regeneration as dynamic conditions mimic the in vivo condition where cells were constantly subjected to mechanical and chemical stimulation. 27767021 6 25 theme preferable 1228:1237 arg1 production 1260:1269 a preferable extracellular matrix production 1226:1269 a preferable extracellular matrix production 1226:1269 Dynamic culture yielded a preferable extracellular matrix production, particularly in hydrogel scaffolds. 27767021 6 26 theme hydrogel 1288:1295 arg1 scaffolds 1297:1305 hydrogel scaffolds 1288:1305 hydrogel scaffolds 1288:1305 Dynamic culture yielded a preferable extracellular matrix production, particularly in hydrogel scaffolds. 27767021 7 27 theme mass 1334:1337 arg1 transfer 1339:1346 the enhanced mass transfer 1321:1346 the enhanced mass transfer 1321:1346 In addition, the enhanced mass transfer contributed to the interface formation, cells infiltration and distribution in the osteochondral composites. 27767021 7 28 theme interface 1367:1375 arg1 formation 1377:1385 interface formation 1367:1385 interface formation 1367:1385 In addition, the enhanced mass transfer contributed to the interface formation, cells infiltration and distribution in the osteochondral composites. 27767021 5 29 theme osteogenic 1023:1032 arg1 differentiation 1051:1065 osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation 1023:1065 osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of cells 1023:1074 As a result, we found that mechanical stimulation promoted osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of cells as indicated by the increased expression of ALP and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in either bone or cartilage substitute materials. 27767021 0 30 theme spinner 138:144 arg1 flask 146:150 a spinner flask 136:150 a spinner flask 136:150 Development and fabrication of a two-layer tissue engineered osteochondral composite using hybrid hydrogel-cancellous bone scaffolds in a spinner flask. 27767021 2 31 theme great 349:353 arg1 potential 355:363 great potential 349:363 great potential for improving the quality of constructs 349:403 Osteochondral composites combined with a dynamic culture provide great potential for improving the quality of constructs and cartilage regeneration as dynamic conditions mimic the in vivo condition where cells were constantly subjected to mechanical and chemical stimulation. 27767021 5 32 theme chondrogenic 1038:1049 arg1 differentiation 1051:1065 osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation 1023:1065 osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of cells 1023:1074 As a result, we found that mechanical stimulation promoted osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of cells as indicated by the increased expression of ALP and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in either bone or cartilage substitute materials. 27767021 1 33 theme growing 229:235 arg1 attention 237:245 growing attention 229:245 growing attention 229:245 Biological treatment using engineered osteochondral composites has received growing attention for the repair of cartilage defects. 27767021 5 34 dep materials 1191:1199 arg1 substitute 1180:1189 substitute 1180:1189 substitute 1180:1189 As a result, we found that mechanical stimulation promoted osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of cells as indicated by the increased expression of ALP and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in either bone or cartilage substitute materials. 27767021 6 35 theme Dynamic 1202:1208 arg1 culture 1210:1216 Dynamic culture 1202:1216 Dynamic culture 1202:1216 Dynamic culture yielded a preferable extracellular matrix production, particularly in hydrogel scaffolds. 27767021 5 36 theme increased 1096:1104 arg1 expression 1106:1115 the increased expression 1092:1115 the increased expression of ALP and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in either bone or cartilage substitute materials 1092:1199 As a result, we found that mechanical stimulation promoted osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of cells as indicated by the increased expression of ALP and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in either bone or cartilage substitute materials. 27767021 1 37 theme engineered 180:189 arg1 composites 205:214 engineered osteochondral composites 180:214 engineered osteochondral composites 180:214 Biological treatment using engineered osteochondral composites has received growing attention for the repair of cartilage defects. 27767021 0 38 theme two-layer 33:41 arg1 composite 75:83 a two-layer tissue engineered osteochondral composite 31:83 a two-layer tissue engineered osteochondral composite 31:83 Development and fabrication of a two-layer tissue engineered osteochondral composite using hybrid hydrogel-cancellous bone scaffolds in a spinner flask. 27767021 7 39 from infiltration 1394:1405 arg1 composites 1445:1454 the osteochondral composites 1427:1454 the osteochondral composites 1427:1454 In addition, the enhanced mass transfer contributed to the interface formation, cells infiltration and distribution in the osteochondral composites. 27767021 4 40 dep growth 830:835 arg1 i.e. 820:823 i.e. 820:823 i.e. 820:823 The aim of this study was to investigate cell behaviors (i.e. cell growth, differentiation, distribution and matrix deposition) cultured in different constructs under static and dynamic circumstances. 27767021 2 41 dep in 464:465 arg1 vivo 467:470 vivo 467:470 vivo 467:470 Osteochondral composites combined with a dynamic culture provide great potential for improving the quality of constructs and cartilage regeneration as dynamic conditions mimic the in vivo condition where cells were constantly subjected to mechanical and chemical stimulation. 27767021 2 42 theme in 464:465 arg1 condition 472:480 the in vivo condition 460:480 the in vivo condition 460:480 Osteochondral composites combined with a dynamic culture provide great potential for improving the quality of constructs and cartilage regeneration as dynamic conditions mimic the in vivo condition where cells were constantly subjected to mechanical and chemical stimulation. 27767021 2 43 theme mechanical 523:532 arg1 stimulation 547:557 mechanical and chemical stimulation 523:557 mechanical and chemical stimulation 523:557 Osteochondral composites combined with a dynamic culture provide great potential for improving the quality of constructs and cartilage regeneration as dynamic conditions mimic the in vivo condition where cells were constantly subjected to mechanical and chemical stimulation. 27767021 3 44 theme CB 685:686 arg1 constructs 689:698 cell-cancellous bone (CB) constructs 663:698 cell-cancellous bone (CB) constructs 663:698 In the present study, biophasic composites were produced in vitro consisting of cell-hydrogel (CH) and cell-cancellous bone (CB) constructs, followed by culturing in a dynamic system in a spinner flask. 27767021 4 45 theme cell 825:828 arg1 growth 830:835 cell growth 825:835 cell growth 825:835 The aim of this study was to investigate cell behaviors (i.e. cell growth, differentiation, distribution and matrix deposition) cultured in different constructs under static and dynamic circumstances. 27767021 0 46 theme engineered 50:59 arg1 composite 75:83 a two-layer tissue engineered osteochondral composite 31:83 a two-layer tissue engineered osteochondral composite 31:83 Development and fabrication of a two-layer tissue engineered osteochondral composite using hybrid hydrogel-cancellous bone scaffolds in a spinner flask. 27767021 8 47 theme better 1638:1643 arg1 strategy 1645:1652 a better strategy 1636:1652 a better strategy for the rapid fabrication of osteochondral substitutes and regeneration of injured cartilage 1636:1745 This study demonstrates that osteochondral composites incorporated with a dynamic culture improved the performance of the constructs, providing the basis for a promising tool and a better strategy for the rapid fabrication of osteochondral substitutes and regeneration of injured cartilage. 27767021 5 48 theme ALP 1120:1122 arg1 expression 1106:1115 the increased expression 1092:1115 the increased expression of ALP and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in either bone or cartilage substitute materials 1092:1199 As a result, we found that mechanical stimulation promoted osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of cells as indicated by the increased expression of ALP and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in either bone or cartilage substitute materials. 27767021 0 49 theme tissue 43:48 arg1 composite 75:83 a two-layer tissue engineered osteochondral composite 31:83 a two-layer tissue engineered osteochondral composite 31:83 Development and fabrication of a two-layer tissue engineered osteochondral composite using hybrid hydrogel-cancellous bone scaffolds in a spinner flask. 27767021 4 50 theme dynamic 941:947 arg1 circumstances 949:961 static and dynamic circumstances 930:961 static and dynamic circumstances 930:961 The aim of this study was to investigate cell behaviors (i.e. cell growth, differentiation, distribution and matrix deposition) cultured in different constructs under static and dynamic circumstances. 27767021 5 51 theme cells 1070:1074 arg1 differentiation 1051:1065 osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation 1023:1065 osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of cells 1023:1074 As a result, we found that mechanical stimulation promoted osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of cells as indicated by the increased expression of ALP and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in either bone or cartilage substitute materials. 27767021 3 52 theme present 567:573 arg1 study 575:579 the present study 563:579 the present study 563:579 In the present study, biophasic composites were produced in vitro consisting of cell-hydrogel (CH) and cell-cancellous bone (CB) constructs, followed by culturing in a dynamic system in a spinner flask. 27767021 7 53 theme enhanced 1325:1332 arg1 transfer 1339:1346 the enhanced mass transfer 1321:1346 the enhanced mass transfer 1321:1346 In addition, the enhanced mass transfer contributed to the interface formation, cells infiltration and distribution in the osteochondral composites. 27767021 8 54 theme cartilage 1737:1745 arg1 osteochondral 1683:1695 osteochondral substitutes 1683:1707 osteochondral substitutes 1683:1707 This study demonstrates that osteochondral composites incorporated with a dynamic culture improved the performance of the constructs, providing the basis for a promising tool and a better strategy for the rapid fabrication of osteochondral substitutes and regeneration of injured cartilage. 27767021 8 54 theme cartilage 1737:1745 arg1 regeneration 1713:1724 regeneration 1713:1724 regeneration of injured cartilage 1713:1745 This study demonstrates that osteochondral composites incorporated with a dynamic culture improved the performance of the constructs, providing the basis for a promising tool and a better strategy for the rapid fabrication of osteochondral substitutes and regeneration of injured cartilage. 27767021 8 55 theme osteochondral 1486:1498 arg1 composites 1500:1509 osteochondral composites 1486:1509 osteochondral composites incorporated with a dynamic culture 1486:1545 This study demonstrates that osteochondral composites incorporated with a dynamic culture improved the performance of the constructs, providing the basis for a promising tool and a better strategy for the rapid fabrication of osteochondral substitutes and regeneration of injured cartilage. 27767021 4 56 theme static 930:935 arg1 circumstances 949:961 static and dynamic circumstances 930:961 static and dynamic circumstances 930:961 The aim of this study was to investigate cell behaviors (i.e. cell growth, differentiation, distribution and matrix deposition) cultured in different constructs under static and dynamic circumstances. 27767021 0 57 from scaffolds 123:131 arg1 flask 146:150 a spinner flask 136:150 a spinner flask 136:150 Development and fabrication of a two-layer tissue engineered osteochondral composite using hybrid hydrogel-cancellous bone scaffolds in a spinner flask. 27767021 3 58 theme bone 679:682 arg1 constructs 689:698 cell-cancellous bone (CB) constructs 663:698 cell-cancellous bone (CB) constructs 663:698 In the present study, biophasic composites were produced in vitro consisting of cell-hydrogel (CH) and cell-cancellous bone (CB) constructs, followed by culturing in a dynamic system in a spinner flask. 27767021 8 59 theme regeneration 1713:1724 arg1 fabrication 1668:1678 the rapid fabrication 1658:1678 the rapid fabrication of osteochondral substitutes and regeneration of injured cartilage 1658:1745 This study demonstrates that osteochondral composites incorporated with a dynamic culture improved the performance of the constructs, providing the basis for a promising tool and a better strategy for the rapid fabrication of osteochondral substitutes and regeneration of injured cartilage. 27767021 8 60 theme injured 1729:1735 arg1 cartilage 1737:1745 injured cartilage 1729:1745 injured cartilage 1729:1745 This study demonstrates that osteochondral composites incorporated with a dynamic culture improved the performance of the constructs, providing the basis for a promising tool and a better strategy for the rapid fabrication of osteochondral substitutes and regeneration of injured cartilage. 27767021 4 61 theme cell 804:807 arg1 behaviors 809:817 cell behaviors 804:817 cell behaviors (i.e. cell growth, differentiation, distribution and matrix deposition) cultured in different constructs under static and dynamic circumstances 804:961 The aim of this study was to investigate cell behaviors (i.e. cell growth, differentiation, distribution and matrix deposition) cultured in different constructs under static and dynamic circumstances. 27767021 8 62 theme rapid 1662:1666 arg1 fabrication 1668:1678 the rapid fabrication 1658:1678 the rapid fabrication of osteochondral substitutes and regeneration of injured cartilage 1658:1745 This study demonstrates that osteochondral composites incorporated with a dynamic culture improved the performance of the constructs, providing the basis for a promising tool and a better strategy for the rapid fabrication of osteochondral substitutes and regeneration of injured cartilage. 27767021 0 63 theme composite 75:83 arg1 fabrication 16:26 fabrication 16:26 fabrication 16:26 Development and fabrication of a two-layer tissue engineered osteochondral composite using hybrid hydrogel-cancellous bone scaffolds in a spinner flask. 27767021 0 63 theme composite 75:83 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development and fabrication of a two-layer tissue engineered osteochondral composite using hybrid hydrogel-cancellous bone scaffolds in a spinner flask. 27767021 2 64 theme Osteochondral 284:296 arg1 composites 298:307 Osteochondral composites 284:307 Osteochondral composites combined with a dynamic culture 284:339 Osteochondral composites combined with a dynamic culture provide great potential for improving the quality of constructs and cartilage regeneration as dynamic conditions mimic the in vivo condition where cells were constantly subjected to mechanical and chemical stimulation. 27767021 8 65 theme promising 1617:1625 arg1 tool 1627:1630 a promising tool 1615:1630 a promising tool 1615:1630 This study demonstrates that osteochondral composites incorporated with a dynamic culture improved the performance of the constructs, providing the basis for a promising tool and a better strategy for the rapid fabrication of osteochondral substitutes and regeneration of injured cartilage. 27767021 1 66 theme Biological 153:162 arg1 treatment 164:172 Biological treatment 153:172 Biological treatment using engineered osteochondral composites 153:214 Biological treatment using engineered osteochondral composites has received growing attention for the repair of cartilage defects. 27767021 1 67 theme cartilage 265:273 arg1 defects 275:281 cartilage defects 265:281 cartilage defects 265:281 Biological treatment using engineered osteochondral composites has received growing attention for the repair of cartilage defects. 27767021 0 68 theme osteochondral 61:73 arg1 composite 75:83 a two-layer tissue engineered osteochondral composite 31:83 a two-layer tissue engineered osteochondral composite 31:83 Development and fabrication of a two-layer tissue engineered osteochondral composite using hybrid hydrogel-cancellous bone scaffolds in a spinner flask. 27767021 8 69 theme constructs 1579:1588 arg1 performance 1560:1570 the performance 1556:1570 the performance of the constructs 1556:1588 This study demonstrates that osteochondral composites incorporated with a dynamic culture improved the performance of the constructs, providing the basis for a promising tool and a better strategy for the rapid fabrication of osteochondral substitutes and regeneration of injured cartilage. 27767021 3 70 theme cell-cancellous 663:677 arg1 constructs 689:698 cell-cancellous bone (CB) constructs 663:698 cell-cancellous bone (CB) constructs 663:698 In the present study, biophasic composites were produced in vitro consisting of cell-hydrogel (CH) and cell-cancellous bone (CB) constructs, followed by culturing in a dynamic system in a spinner flask. 27767021 7 71 from formation 1377:1385 arg1 composites 1445:1454 the osteochondral composites 1427:1454 the osteochondral composites 1427:1454 In addition, the enhanced mass transfer contributed to the interface formation, cells infiltration and distribution in the osteochondral composites. 27767021 6 72 theme matrix 1253:1258 arg1 production 1260:1269 a preferable extracellular matrix production 1226:1269 a preferable extracellular matrix production 1226:1269 Dynamic culture yielded a preferable extracellular matrix production, particularly in hydrogel scaffolds. 27767021 1 73 theme defects 275:281 arg1 repair 255:260 the repair 251:260 the repair of cartilage defects 251:281 Biological treatment using engineered osteochondral composites has received growing attention for the repair of cartilage defects. 25136990 1 0 theme crop 280:283 arg1 years 285:289 two consecutive crop years 264:289 two consecutive crop years 264:289 Milling properties, water uptake, and modification in malting were studied in 14 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lots from two consecutive crop years. 25136990 0 1 theme barley 64:69 arg1 lots 92:95 different barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lots 54:95 different barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lots 54:95 Milling, water uptake, and modification properties of different barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lots in relation to grain composition and structure. 25136990 3 2 theme lower 441:445 arg1 content 456:462 lower β-glucan content 441:462 lower β-glucan content 441:462 Grains with lower β-glucan content also hydrated more rapidly during steeping. 25136990 1 3 dep vulgare 242:248 arg1 L. 250:251 L. 250:251 L. 250:251 Milling properties, water uptake, and modification in malting were studied in 14 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lots from two consecutive crop years. 25136990 0 4 from Milling 0:6 arg1 relation 100:107 relation 100:107 relation to grain composition and structure 100:142 Milling, water uptake, and modification properties of different barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lots in relation to grain composition and structure. 25136990 5 5 theme lower 947:951 arg1 modification 953:964 lower modification 947:964 lower modification 947:964 These characteristics were associated with production of coarser flours during milling as well as with slower water uptake and lower modification. 25136990 0 6 theme Hordeum 72:78 arg1 barley 64:69 barley 64:69 different barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lots 54:95 Milling, water uptake, and modification properties of different barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lots in relation to grain composition and structure. 25136990 0 6 theme Hordeum 72:78 arg1 vulgare 80:86 Hordeum vulgare L. 72:89 Hordeum vulgare L. 72:89 Milling, water uptake, and modification properties of different barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lots in relation to grain composition and structure. 25136990 0 7 from properties 40:49 arg1 relation 100:107 relation 100:107 relation to grain composition and structure 100:142 Milling, water uptake, and modification properties of different barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lots in relation to grain composition and structure. 25136990 5 8 theme slower 923:928 arg1 uptake 936:941 slower water uptake 923:941 slower water uptake 923:941 These characteristics were associated with production of coarser flours during milling as well as with slower water uptake and lower modification. 25136990 4 9 theme peripheral 698:707 arg1 endosperm 709:717 the peripheral endosperm 694:717 the peripheral endosperm 694:717 A detailed study of two cultivars from two crop years indicated that similar environmental conditions could induce a higher β-glucan content and concentration of aggregated B hordein in the peripheral endosperm and a lower proportion of C hordein entrapped among aggregated hordeins deeper within the endosperm. 25136990 1 10 theme barley 226:231 arg1 lots 254:257 14 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lots 223:257 14 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lots from two consecutive crop years 223:289 Milling properties, water uptake, and modification in malting were studied in 14 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lots from two consecutive crop years. 25136990 4 11 from study 519:523 arg1 years 556:560 two crop years 547:560 two crop years 547:560 A detailed study of two cultivars from two crop years indicated that similar environmental conditions could induce a higher β-glucan content and concentration of aggregated B hordein in the peripheral endosperm and a lower proportion of C hordein entrapped among aggregated hordeins deeper within the endosperm. 25136990 4 12 theme deeper 791:796 arg1 hordeins 782:789 aggregated hordeins 771:789 aggregated hordeins deeper within the endosperm 771:817 A detailed study of two cultivars from two crop years indicated that similar environmental conditions could induce a higher β-glucan content and concentration of aggregated B hordein in the peripheral endosperm and a lower proportion of C hordein entrapped among aggregated hordeins deeper within the endosperm. 25136990 6 13 theme β-glucan 1026:1033 arg1 content 1035:1041 β-glucan content 1026:1041 β-glucan content 1026:1041 However, the data do not distinguish between the effect of β-glucan content and that of hordein localization. 25136990 0 14 dep vulgare 80:86 arg1 L. 88:89 Hordeum vulgare L. 72:89 Hordeum vulgare L. 72:89 Milling, water uptake, and modification properties of different barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lots in relation to grain composition and structure. 25136990 5 15 theme flours 885:890 arg1 production 863:872 production 863:872 production of coarser flours during milling 863:905 These characteristics were associated with production of coarser flours during milling as well as with slower water uptake and lower modification. 25136990 2 16 with content 385:391 arg1 β-glucan 338:345 lower β-glucan 332:345 lower β-glucan 332:345 In all barley lots studied, grains with lower β-glucan and protein content and higher starch content produced finer flours upon milling. 25136990 2 16 with content 385:391 arg1 content 359:365 protein content 351:365 protein content 351:365 In all barley lots studied, grains with lower β-glucan and protein content and higher starch content produced finer flours upon milling. 25136990 7 17 theme β-glucan 1093:1100 arg1 Distribution 1077:1088 Distribution 1077:1088 Distribution of β-glucan or total protein within the kernel 1077:1135 Distribution of β-glucan or total protein within the kernel was not linked to hydration or modification. 25136990 6 18 theme content 1035:1041 arg1 effect 1016:1021 the effect 1012:1021 the effect of β-glucan content 1012:1041 However, the data do not distinguish between the effect of β-glucan content and that of hordein localization. 25136990 1 19 theme Milling 145:151 arg1 properties 153:162 Milling properties 145:162 Milling properties 145:162 Milling properties, water uptake, and modification in malting were studied in 14 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lots from two consecutive crop years. 25136990 2 20 theme starch 378:383 arg1 content 385:391 higher starch content 371:391 higher starch content 371:391 In all barley lots studied, grains with lower β-glucan and protein content and higher starch content produced finer flours upon milling. 25136990 1 21 dep lots 254:257 arg1 vulgare 242:248 Hordeum vulgare 234:248 Hordeum vulgare 234:248 Milling properties, water uptake, and modification in malting were studied in 14 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lots from two consecutive crop years. 25136990 4 22 theme hordein 683:689 arg1 concentration 653:665 concentration 653:665 concentration 653:665 A detailed study of two cultivars from two crop years indicated that similar environmental conditions could induce a higher β-glucan content and concentration of aggregated B hordein in the peripheral endosperm and a lower proportion of C hordein entrapped among aggregated hordeins deeper within the endosperm. 25136990 4 22 theme hordein 683:689 arg1 content 641:647 a higher β-glucan content 623:647 a higher β-glucan content 623:647 A detailed study of two cultivars from two crop years indicated that similar environmental conditions could induce a higher β-glucan content and concentration of aggregated B hordein in the peripheral endosperm and a lower proportion of C hordein entrapped among aggregated hordeins deeper within the endosperm. 25136990 4 22 theme hordein 683:689 arg1 proportion 731:740 a lower proportion 723:740 a lower proportion of C hordein entrapped among aggregated hordeins deeper within the endosperm 723:817 A detailed study of two cultivars from two crop years indicated that similar environmental conditions could induce a higher β-glucan content and concentration of aggregated B hordein in the peripheral endosperm and a lower proportion of C hordein entrapped among aggregated hordeins deeper within the endosperm. 25136990 0 23 theme grain 112:116 arg1 composition 118:128 grain composition 112:128 grain composition 112:128 Milling, water uptake, and modification properties of different barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lots in relation to grain composition and structure. 25136990 2 24 theme higher 371:376 arg1 content 385:391 higher starch content 371:391 higher starch content 371:391 In all barley lots studied, grains with lower β-glucan and protein content and higher starch content produced finer flours upon milling. 25136990 7 25 theme total 1105:1109 arg1 protein 1111:1117 total protein 1105:1117 total protein 1105:1117 Distribution of β-glucan or total protein within the kernel was not linked to hydration or modification. 25136990 3 26 with Grains 429:434 arg1 content 456:462 lower β-glucan content 441:462 lower β-glucan content 441:462 Grains with lower β-glucan content also hydrated more rapidly during steeping. 25136990 4 27 theme B 681:681 arg1 hordein 683:689 aggregated B hordein 670:689 aggregated B hordein 670:689 A detailed study of two cultivars from two crop years indicated that similar environmental conditions could induce a higher β-glucan content and concentration of aggregated B hordein in the peripheral endosperm and a lower proportion of C hordein entrapped among aggregated hordeins deeper within the endosperm. 25136990 7 28 theme protein 1111:1117 arg1 Distribution 1077:1088 Distribution 1077:1088 Distribution of β-glucan or total protein within the kernel 1077:1135 Distribution of β-glucan or total protein within the kernel was not linked to hydration or modification. 25136990 1 29 theme Hordeum 234:240 arg1 vulgare 242:248 Hordeum vulgare 234:248 Hordeum vulgare 234:248 Milling properties, water uptake, and modification in malting were studied in 14 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lots from two consecutive crop years. 25136990 1 30 theme water 165:169 arg1 uptake 171:176 water uptake 165:176 water uptake 165:176 Milling properties, water uptake, and modification in malting were studied in 14 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lots from two consecutive crop years. 25136990 0 31 theme water 9:13 arg1 uptake 15:20 water uptake 9:20 water uptake 9:20 Milling, water uptake, and modification properties of different barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lots in relation to grain composition and structure. 25136990 0 32 theme lots 92:95 arg1 Milling 0:6 Milling 0:6 Milling 0:6 Milling, water uptake, and modification properties of different barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lots in relation to grain composition and structure. 25136990 0 32 theme lots 92:95 arg1 uptake 15:20 water uptake 9:20 water uptake 9:20 Milling, water uptake, and modification properties of different barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lots in relation to grain composition and structure. 25136990 0 32 theme lots 92:95 arg1 properties 40:49 modification properties 27:49 modification properties 27:49 Milling, water uptake, and modification properties of different barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lots in relation to grain composition and structure. 25136990 4 33 theme β-glucan 632:639 arg1 content 641:647 a higher β-glucan content 623:647 a higher β-glucan content 623:647 A detailed study of two cultivars from two crop years indicated that similar environmental conditions could induce a higher β-glucan content and concentration of aggregated B hordein in the peripheral endosperm and a lower proportion of C hordein entrapped among aggregated hordeins deeper within the endosperm. 25136990 4 34 theme higher 625:630 arg1 content 641:647 a higher β-glucan content 623:647 a higher β-glucan content 623:647 A detailed study of two cultivars from two crop years indicated that similar environmental conditions could induce a higher β-glucan content and concentration of aggregated B hordein in the peripheral endosperm and a lower proportion of C hordein entrapped among aggregated hordeins deeper within the endosperm. 25136990 1 35 from years 285:289 arg1 lots 254:257 14 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lots 223:257 14 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lots from two consecutive crop years 223:289 Milling properties, water uptake, and modification in malting were studied in 14 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lots from two consecutive crop years. 25136990 2 36 with grains 320:325 arg1 β-glucan 338:345 lower β-glucan 332:345 lower β-glucan 332:345 In all barley lots studied, grains with lower β-glucan and protein content and higher starch content produced finer flours upon milling. 25136990 2 36 with grains 320:325 arg1 content 359:365 protein content 351:365 protein content 351:365 In all barley lots studied, grains with lower β-glucan and protein content and higher starch content produced finer flours upon milling. 25136990 4 37 theme entrapped 755:763 arg1 concentration 653:665 concentration 653:665 concentration 653:665 A detailed study of two cultivars from two crop years indicated that similar environmental conditions could induce a higher β-glucan content and concentration of aggregated B hordein in the peripheral endosperm and a lower proportion of C hordein entrapped among aggregated hordeins deeper within the endosperm. 25136990 4 37 theme entrapped 755:763 arg1 content 641:647 a higher β-glucan content 623:647 a higher β-glucan content 623:647 A detailed study of two cultivars from two crop years indicated that similar environmental conditions could induce a higher β-glucan content and concentration of aggregated B hordein in the peripheral endosperm and a lower proportion of C hordein entrapped among aggregated hordeins deeper within the endosperm. 25136990 4 37 theme entrapped 755:763 arg1 proportion 731:740 a lower proportion 723:740 a lower proportion of C hordein entrapped among aggregated hordeins deeper within the endosperm 723:817 A detailed study of two cultivars from two crop years indicated that similar environmental conditions could induce a higher β-glucan content and concentration of aggregated B hordein in the peripheral endosperm and a lower proportion of C hordein entrapped among aggregated hordeins deeper within the endosperm. 25136990 4 38 from years 556:560 arg1 study 519:523 A detailed study 508:523 A detailed study of two cultivars from two crop years 508:560 A detailed study of two cultivars from two crop years indicated that similar environmental conditions could induce a higher β-glucan content and concentration of aggregated B hordein in the peripheral endosperm and a lower proportion of C hordein entrapped among aggregated hordeins deeper within the endosperm. 25136990 4 38 from years 556:560 arg1 cultivars 532:540 two cultivars 528:540 two cultivars from two crop years 528:560 A detailed study of two cultivars from two crop years indicated that similar environmental conditions could induce a higher β-glucan content and concentration of aggregated B hordein in the peripheral endosperm and a lower proportion of C hordein entrapped among aggregated hordeins deeper within the endosperm. 25136990 4 39 theme similar 577:583 arg1 conditions 599:608 similar environmental conditions 577:608 similar environmental conditions 577:608 A detailed study of two cultivars from two crop years indicated that similar environmental conditions could induce a higher β-glucan content and concentration of aggregated B hordein in the peripheral endosperm and a lower proportion of C hordein entrapped among aggregated hordeins deeper within the endosperm. 25136990 2 40 theme finer 402:406 arg1 flours 408:413 finer flours 402:413 finer flours 402:413 In all barley lots studied, grains with lower β-glucan and protein content and higher starch content produced finer flours upon milling. 25136990 4 41 theme detailed 510:517 arg1 study 519:523 A detailed study 508:523 A detailed study of two cultivars from two crop years 508:560 A detailed study of two cultivars from two crop years indicated that similar environmental conditions could induce a higher β-glucan content and concentration of aggregated B hordein in the peripheral endosperm and a lower proportion of C hordein entrapped among aggregated hordeins deeper within the endosperm. 25136990 4 42 theme hordein 747:753 arg1 entrapped 755:763 C hordein entrapped 745:763 C hordein entrapped 745:763 A detailed study of two cultivars from two crop years indicated that similar environmental conditions could induce a higher β-glucan content and concentration of aggregated B hordein in the peripheral endosperm and a lower proportion of C hordein entrapped among aggregated hordeins deeper within the endosperm. 25136990 2 43 theme lower 332:336 arg1 β-glucan 338:345 lower β-glucan 332:345 lower β-glucan 332:345 In all barley lots studied, grains with lower β-glucan and protein content and higher starch content produced finer flours upon milling. 25136990 4 44 theme aggregated 771:780 arg1 hordeins 782:789 aggregated hordeins 771:789 aggregated hordeins deeper within the endosperm 771:817 A detailed study of two cultivars from two crop years indicated that similar environmental conditions could induce a higher β-glucan content and concentration of aggregated B hordein in the peripheral endosperm and a lower proportion of C hordein entrapped among aggregated hordeins deeper within the endosperm. 25136990 7 45 attach linked 1145:1150 arg2 Distribution 1077:1088 Distribution 1077:1088 Distribution of β-glucan or total protein within the kernel 1077:1135 Distribution of β-glucan or total protein within the kernel was not linked to hydration or modification. 25136990 7 45 attach linked 1145:1150 arg1 modification 1168:1179 modification 1168:1179 modification 1168:1179 Distribution of β-glucan or total protein within the kernel was not linked to hydration or modification. 25136990 7 45 attach linked 1145:1150 arg1 hydration 1155:1163 hydration 1155:1163 hydration 1155:1163 Distribution of β-glucan or total protein within the kernel was not linked to hydration or modification. 25136990 0 46 theme modification 27:38 arg1 properties 40:49 modification properties 27:49 modification properties 27:49 Milling, water uptake, and modification properties of different barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lots in relation to grain composition and structure. 25136990 0 47 from uptake 15:20 arg1 relation 100:107 relation 100:107 relation to grain composition and structure 100:142 Milling, water uptake, and modification properties of different barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lots in relation to grain composition and structure. 25136990 5 48 theme coarser 877:883 arg1 flours 885:890 coarser flours 877:890 coarser flours 877:890 These characteristics were associated with production of coarser flours during milling as well as with slower water uptake and lower modification. 25136990 1 49 from modification 183:194 arg1 malting 199:205 malting 199:205 malting 199:205 Milling properties, water uptake, and modification in malting were studied in 14 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lots from two consecutive crop years. 25136990 1 50 from uptake 171:176 arg1 malting 199:205 malting 199:205 malting 199:205 Milling properties, water uptake, and modification in malting were studied in 14 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lots from two consecutive crop years. 25136990 4 51 theme aggregated 670:679 arg1 hordein 683:689 aggregated B hordein 670:689 aggregated B hordein 670:689 A detailed study of two cultivars from two crop years indicated that similar environmental conditions could induce a higher β-glucan content and concentration of aggregated B hordein in the peripheral endosperm and a lower proportion of C hordein entrapped among aggregated hordeins deeper within the endosperm. 25136990 4 52 theme lower 725:729 arg1 proportion 731:740 a lower proportion 723:740 a lower proportion of C hordein entrapped among aggregated hordeins deeper within the endosperm 723:817 A detailed study of two cultivars from two crop years indicated that similar environmental conditions could induce a higher β-glucan content and concentration of aggregated B hordein in the peripheral endosperm and a lower proportion of C hordein entrapped among aggregated hordeins deeper within the endosperm. 25136990 1 53 from properties 153:162 arg1 malting 199:205 malting 199:205 malting 199:205 Milling properties, water uptake, and modification in malting were studied in 14 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lots from two consecutive crop years. 25136990 6 54 theme hordein 1055:1061 arg1 localization 1063:1074 hordein localization 1055:1074 hordein localization 1055:1074 However, the data do not distinguish between the effect of β-glucan content and that of hordein localization. 25136990 4 55 from concentration 653:665 arg1 endosperm 709:717 the peripheral endosperm 694:717 the peripheral endosperm 694:717 A detailed study of two cultivars from two crop years indicated that similar environmental conditions could induce a higher β-glucan content and concentration of aggregated B hordein in the peripheral endosperm and a lower proportion of C hordein entrapped among aggregated hordeins deeper within the endosperm. 25136990 4 56 theme cultivars 532:540 arg1 study 519:523 A detailed study 508:523 A detailed study of two cultivars from two crop years 508:560 A detailed study of two cultivars from two crop years indicated that similar environmental conditions could induce a higher β-glucan content and concentration of aggregated B hordein in the peripheral endosperm and a lower proportion of C hordein entrapped among aggregated hordeins deeper within the endosperm. 25136990 0 57 theme different 54:62 arg1 lots 92:95 different barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lots 54:95 different barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lots 54:95 Milling, water uptake, and modification properties of different barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lots in relation to grain composition and structure. 25136990 5 58 theme water 930:934 arg1 uptake 936:941 slower water uptake 923:941 slower water uptake 923:941 These characteristics were associated with production of coarser flours during milling as well as with slower water uptake and lower modification. 25136990 4 59 theme C 745:745 arg1 entrapped 755:763 C hordein entrapped 745:763 C hordein entrapped 745:763 A detailed study of two cultivars from two crop years indicated that similar environmental conditions could induce a higher β-glucan content and concentration of aggregated B hordein in the peripheral endosperm and a lower proportion of C hordein entrapped among aggregated hordeins deeper within the endosperm. 25136990 2 60 theme protein 351:357 arg1 content 359:365 protein content 351:365 protein content 351:365 In all barley lots studied, grains with lower β-glucan and protein content and higher starch content produced finer flours upon milling. 25136990 3 61 theme β-glucan 447:454 arg1 content 456:462 lower β-glucan content 441:462 lower β-glucan content 441:462 Grains with lower β-glucan content also hydrated more rapidly during steeping. 25136990 4 62 theme environmental 585:597 arg1 conditions 599:608 similar environmental conditions 577:608 similar environmental conditions 577:608 A detailed study of two cultivars from two crop years indicated that similar environmental conditions could induce a higher β-glucan content and concentration of aggregated B hordein in the peripheral endosperm and a lower proportion of C hordein entrapped among aggregated hordeins deeper within the endosperm. 25136990 4 63 theme crop 551:554 arg1 years 556:560 two crop years 547:560 two crop years 547:560 A detailed study of two cultivars from two crop years indicated that similar environmental conditions could induce a higher β-glucan content and concentration of aggregated B hordein in the peripheral endosperm and a lower proportion of C hordein entrapped among aggregated hordeins deeper within the endosperm. 25136990 1 64 theme consecutive 268:278 arg1 years 285:289 two consecutive crop years 264:289 two consecutive crop years 264:289 Milling properties, water uptake, and modification in malting were studied in 14 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lots from two consecutive crop years. 25136990 4 65 from proportion 731:740 arg1 endosperm 709:717 the peripheral endosperm 694:717 the peripheral endosperm 694:717 A detailed study of two cultivars from two crop years indicated that similar environmental conditions could induce a higher β-glucan content and concentration of aggregated B hordein in the peripheral endosperm and a lower proportion of C hordein entrapped among aggregated hordeins deeper within the endosperm. 25136990 2 66 theme barley 299:304 arg1 lots 306:309 all barley lots 295:309 all barley lots studied 295:317 In all barley lots studied, grains with lower β-glucan and protein content and higher starch content produced finer flours upon milling. 25136990 4 67 from content 641:647 arg1 endosperm 709:717 the peripheral endosperm 694:717 the peripheral endosperm 694:717 A detailed study of two cultivars from two crop years indicated that similar environmental conditions could induce a higher β-glucan content and concentration of aggregated B hordein in the peripheral endosperm and a lower proportion of C hordein entrapped among aggregated hordeins deeper within the endosperm. 25510564 4 0 theme muropeptides 459:470 arg1 analysis 447:454 the analysis 443:454 the analysis of muropeptides 443:470 The breakthrough was the application of HPLC technology on the analysis of muropeptides. 25510564 5 1 theme PGN 502:504 arg1 preparation 482:492 preparation 482:492 preparation of pure PGN 482:504 However, preparation of pure PGN relied on a very time consuming method of about one week. 25510564 1 2 theme bacterial 128:136 arg1 species 138:144 nearly all bacterial species 117:144 nearly all bacterial species 117:144 Peptidoglycan (PGN) is ubiquitous in nearly all bacterial species. 25510564 3 3 theme PGN 319:321 arg1 composition 323:333 PGN composition 319:333 PGN composition 319:333 Within the last sixty years PGN composition has been intensively studied by various methods. 25510564 5 4 theme consuming 528:536 arg1 method 538:543 a very time consuming method 516:543 a very time consuming method of about one week 516:561 However, preparation of pure PGN relied on a very time consuming method of about one week. 25510564 8 5 theme useful 959:964 arg1 tool 966:969 a highly useful tool 950:969 a highly useful tool for basic research as well as for the pharmaceutical industry 950:1031 This new rapid method provides the feasibility to screen PGN composition even in high throughput, making it a highly useful tool for basic research as well as for the pharmaceutical industry. 25510564 2 6 theme important 244:252 arg1 targets 254:260 the most important targets 235:260 the most important targets for antibacterial treatment 235:288 The PGN sacculus protects the cells against their own internal turgor making PGN one of the most important targets for antibacterial treatment. 25510564 5 7 theme week 558:561 arg1 method 538:543 a very time consuming method 516:543 a very time consuming method of about one week 516:561 However, preparation of pure PGN relied on a very time consuming method of about one week. 25510564 8 8 theme rapid 851:855 arg1 method 857:862 This new rapid method 842:862 This new rapid method 842:862 This new rapid method provides the feasibility to screen PGN composition even in high throughput, making it a highly useful tool for basic research as well as for the pharmaceutical industry. 25510564 8 9 theme pharmaceutical 1009:1022 arg1 industry 1024:1031 the pharmaceutical industry 1005:1031 the pharmaceutical industry 1005:1031 This new rapid method provides the feasibility to screen PGN composition even in high throughput, making it a highly useful tool for basic research as well as for the pharmaceutical industry. 25510564 8 10 theme new 847:849 arg1 method 857:862 This new rapid method 842:862 This new rapid method 842:862 This new rapid method provides the feasibility to screen PGN composition even in high throughput, making it a highly useful tool for basic research as well as for the pharmaceutical industry. 25510564 7 11 theme immediate 817:825 arg1 determination 827:839 their immediate determination 811:839 their immediate determination 811:839 The muropeptides can be analyzed by UPLC-MS, allowing their immediate determination. 25510564 0 12 from structures 26:35 arg1 h 43:43 24 h 40:43 24 h 40:43 From cells to muropeptide structures in 24 h: peptidoglycan mapping by UPLC-MS. 25510564 1 13 from ubiquitous 103:112 arg1 species 138:144 nearly all bacterial species 117:144 nearly all bacterial species 117:144 Peptidoglycan (PGN) is ubiquitous in nearly all bacterial species. 25510564 2 14 theme antibacterial 266:278 arg1 treatment 280:288 antibacterial treatment 266:288 antibacterial treatment 266:288 The PGN sacculus protects the cells against their own internal turgor making PGN one of the most important targets for antibacterial treatment. 25510564 0 15 theme muropeptide 14:24 arg1 structures 26:35 muropeptide structures 14:35 muropeptide structures in 24 h 14:43 From cells to muropeptide structures in 24 h: peptidoglycan mapping by UPLC-MS. 25510564 8 16 theme basic 975:979 arg1 research 981:988 basic research 975:988 basic research 975:988 This new rapid method provides the feasibility to screen PGN composition even in high throughput, making it a highly useful tool for basic research as well as for the pharmaceutical industry. 25510564 8 17 theme high 923:926 arg1 throughput 928:937 high throughput 923:937 high throughput 923:937 This new rapid method provides the feasibility to screen PGN composition even in high throughput, making it a highly useful tool for basic research as well as for the pharmaceutical industry. 25510564 2 18 theme targets 254:260 arg1 PGN 224:226 PGN one 224:230 PGN one of the most important targets for antibacterial treatment 224:288 The PGN sacculus protects the cells against their own internal turgor making PGN one of the most important targets for antibacterial treatment. 25510564 6 19 theme Gram-negative 630:642 arg1 bacteria 644:651 both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria 607:651 both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria which can be completely performed in plastic reaction tubes yielding pure muropeptides within 24 hours 607:754 We established a purification protocol for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria which can be completely performed in plastic reaction tubes yielding pure muropeptides within 24 hours. 25510564 2 20 theme internal 201:208 arg1 turgor 210:215 their own internal turgor 191:215 their own internal turgor making PGN one of the most important targets for antibacterial treatment 191:288 The PGN sacculus protects the cells against their own internal turgor making PGN one of the most important targets for antibacterial treatment. 25510564 4 21 from application 409:419 arg1 analysis 447:454 the analysis 443:454 the analysis of muropeptides 443:470 The breakthrough was the application of HPLC technology on the analysis of muropeptides. 25510564 4 22 theme technology 429:438 arg1 breakthrough 388:399 The breakthrough 384:399 The breakthrough 384:399 The breakthrough was the application of HPLC technology on the analysis of muropeptides. 25510564 4 22 theme technology 429:438 arg1 application 409:419 the application 405:419 the application of HPLC technology on the analysis of muropeptides 405:470 The breakthrough was the application of HPLC technology on the analysis of muropeptides. 25510564 2 23 theme own 197:199 arg1 turgor 210:215 their own internal turgor 191:215 their own internal turgor making PGN one of the most important targets for antibacterial treatment 191:288 The PGN sacculus protects the cells against their own internal turgor making PGN one of the most important targets for antibacterial treatment. 25510564 4 24 theme HPLC 424:427 arg1 technology 429:438 HPLC technology 424:438 HPLC technology 424:438 The breakthrough was the application of HPLC technology on the analysis of muropeptides. 25510564 8 25 theme PGN 899:901 arg1 composition 903:913 PGN composition 899:913 PGN composition 899:913 This new rapid method provides the feasibility to screen PGN composition even in high throughput, making it a highly useful tool for basic research as well as for the pharmaceutical industry. 25510564 3 26 theme various 367:373 arg1 methods 375:381 various methods 367:381 various methods 367:381 Within the last sixty years PGN composition has been intensively studied by various methods. 25510564 6 27 theme pure 722:725 arg1 muropeptides 727:738 pure muropeptides 722:738 pure muropeptides 722:738 We established a purification protocol for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria which can be completely performed in plastic reaction tubes yielding pure muropeptides within 24 hours. 25510564 6 28 theme Gram-positive 612:624 arg1 bacteria 644:651 both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria 607:651 both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria which can be completely performed in plastic reaction tubes yielding pure muropeptides within 24 hours 607:754 We established a purification protocol for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria which can be completely performed in plastic reaction tubes yielding pure muropeptides within 24 hours. 25510564 5 29 theme pure 497:500 arg1 PGN 502:504 pure PGN 497:504 pure PGN 497:504 However, preparation of pure PGN relied on a very time consuming method of about one week. 25510564 0 30 dep to 11:12 arg1 mapping 60:66 peptidoglycan mapping 46:66 peptidoglycan mapping by UPLC-MS 46:77 From cells to muropeptide structures in 24 h: peptidoglycan mapping by UPLC-MS. 25510564 0 30 dep to 11:12 arg1 From 0:3 From 0:3 From 0:3 From cells to muropeptide structures in 24 h: peptidoglycan mapping by UPLC-MS. 25510564 6 31 theme plastic 690:696 arg1 tubes 707:711 plastic reaction tubes 690:711 plastic reaction tubes yielding pure muropeptides within 24 hours 690:754 We established a purification protocol for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria which can be completely performed in plastic reaction tubes yielding pure muropeptides within 24 hours. 25510564 0 32 theme peptidoglycan 46:58 arg1 mapping 60:66 peptidoglycan mapping 46:66 peptidoglycan mapping by UPLC-MS 46:77 From cells to muropeptide structures in 24 h: peptidoglycan mapping by UPLC-MS. 25510564 2 33 theme sacculus 155:162 arg1 PGN 151:153 The PGN sacculus 147:162 The PGN sacculus 147:162 The PGN sacculus protects the cells against their own internal turgor making PGN one of the most important targets for antibacterial treatment. 25510564 6 34 theme reaction 698:705 arg1 tubes 707:711 plastic reaction tubes 690:711 plastic reaction tubes yielding pure muropeptides within 24 hours 690:754 We established a purification protocol for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria which can be completely performed in plastic reaction tubes yielding pure muropeptides within 24 hours. 25510564 3 35 theme last 302:305 arg1 years 313:317 the last sixty years 298:317 the last sixty years 298:317 Within the last sixty years PGN composition has been intensively studied by various methods. 25510564 1 36 from species 138:144 arg1 ubiquitous 103:112 ubiquitous 103:112 ubiquitous 103:112 Peptidoglycan (PGN) is ubiquitous in nearly all bacterial species. 25510564 6 37 theme purification 581:592 arg1 protocol 594:601 a purification protocol 579:601 a purification protocol for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria which can be completely performed in plastic reaction tubes yielding pure muropeptides within 24 hours 579:754 We established a purification protocol for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria which can be completely performed in plastic reaction tubes yielding pure muropeptides within 24 hours. 28254337 1 0 theme potential 181:189 arg1 delivery 196:203 potential drug delivery 181:203 potential drug delivery 181:203 A simple and cost-effective way to prepare water-stable zein-based nanofibers for potential drug delivery was presented in this article. 28254337 6 1 theme physical 694:701 arg1 state 703:707 the physical state 690:707 the physical state of drug and polymers in the nanofiber matrix 690:752 Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction demonstrated the physical state of drug and polymers in the nanofiber matrix. 28254337 7 2 theme sustained 789:797 arg1 release 820:826 a sustained diffusion-controlled release 787:826 a sustained diffusion-controlled release 787:826 The composite nanofibers showed a sustained diffusion-controlled release according to the results of in vitro dissolution tests. 28254337 3 3 theme composite 372:380 arg1 nanofibers 382:391 the composite nanofibers 368:391 the composite nanofibers 368:391 Indomethacin, as a model drug, was incorporated in situ into the composite nanofibers. 28254337 7 4 dep in 856:857 arg1 vitro 859:863 vitro 859:863 vitro 859:863 The composite nanofibers showed a sustained diffusion-controlled release according to the results of in vitro dissolution tests. 28254337 7 5 theme diffusion-controlled 799:818 arg1 release 820:826 a sustained diffusion-controlled release 787:826 a sustained diffusion-controlled release 787:826 The composite nanofibers showed a sustained diffusion-controlled release according to the results of in vitro dissolution tests. 28254337 4 6 theme distribution 504:515 arg1 morphologies 456:467 the morphologies 452:467 the morphologies of drug-loaded nanofibers and drug distribution 452:515 Scanning electron microscopy and element mapping revealed the morphologies of drug-loaded nanofibers and drug distribution, respectively. 28254337 4 7 theme element 427:433 arg1 mapping 435:441 element mapping 427:441 element mapping 427:441 Scanning electron microscopy and element mapping revealed the morphologies of drug-loaded nanofibers and drug distribution, respectively. 28254337 1 8 theme drug 191:194 arg1 delivery 196:203 potential drug delivery 181:203 potential drug delivery 181:203 A simple and cost-effective way to prepare water-stable zein-based nanofibers for potential drug delivery was presented in this article. 28254337 5 9 theme infrared 550:557 arg1 spectra 559:565 infrared spectra 550:565 infrared spectra 550:565 Fourier transform infrared spectra confirmed the physical blending among the components. 28254337 0 10 theme water-stable 12:23 arg1 nanofiber 56:64 Electrospun water-stable zein/ethyl cellulose composite nanofiber 0:64 Electrospun water-stable zein/ethyl cellulose composite nanofiber 0:64 Electrospun water-stable zein/ethyl cellulose composite nanofiber and its drug release properties. 28254337 0 11 theme Electrospun 0:10 arg1 nanofiber 56:64 Electrospun water-stable zein/ethyl cellulose composite nanofiber 0:64 Electrospun water-stable zein/ethyl cellulose composite nanofiber 0:64 Electrospun water-stable zein/ethyl cellulose composite nanofiber and its drug release properties. 28254337 4 12 theme electron 403:410 arg1 microscopy 412:421 Scanning electron microscopy 394:421 Scanning electron microscopy 394:421 Scanning electron microscopy and element mapping revealed the morphologies of drug-loaded nanofibers and drug distribution, respectively. 28254337 1 13 theme simple 101:106 arg1 way 127:129 A simple and cost-effective way 99:129 A simple and cost-effective way to prepare water-stable zein-based nanofibers for potential drug delivery 99:203 A simple and cost-effective way to prepare water-stable zein-based nanofibers for potential drug delivery was presented in this article. 28254337 0 14 theme cellulose 36:44 arg1 nanofiber 56:64 Electrospun water-stable zein/ethyl cellulose composite nanofiber 0:64 Electrospun water-stable zein/ethyl cellulose composite nanofiber 0:64 Electrospun water-stable zein/ethyl cellulose composite nanofiber and its drug release properties. 28254337 4 15 theme Scanning 394:401 arg1 microscopy 412:421 Scanning electron microscopy 394:421 Scanning electron microscopy 394:421 Scanning electron microscopy and element mapping revealed the morphologies of drug-loaded nanofibers and drug distribution, respectively. 28254337 0 16 theme zein/ethyl 25:34 arg1 nanofiber 56:64 Electrospun water-stable zein/ethyl cellulose composite nanofiber 0:64 Electrospun water-stable zein/ethyl cellulose composite nanofiber 0:64 Electrospun water-stable zein/ethyl cellulose composite nanofiber and its drug release properties. 28254337 4 17 theme nanofibers 484:493 arg1 morphologies 456:467 the morphologies 452:467 the morphologies of drug-loaded nanofibers and drug distribution 452:515 Scanning electron microscopy and element mapping revealed the morphologies of drug-loaded nanofibers and drug distribution, respectively. 28254337 1 18 theme cost-effective 112:125 arg1 way 127:129 A simple and cost-effective way 99:129 A simple and cost-effective way to prepare water-stable zein-based nanofibers for potential drug delivery 99:203 A simple and cost-effective way to prepare water-stable zein-based nanofibers for potential drug delivery was presented in this article. 28254337 4 19 theme drug-loaded 472:482 arg1 nanofibers 484:493 drug-loaded nanofibers 472:493 drug-loaded nanofibers 472:493 Scanning electron microscopy and element mapping revealed the morphologies of drug-loaded nanofibers and drug distribution, respectively. 28254337 6 20 theme nanofiber 737:745 arg1 matrix 747:752 the nanofiber matrix 733:752 the nanofiber matrix 733:752 Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction demonstrated the physical state of drug and polymers in the nanofiber matrix. 28254337 0 21 theme composite 46:54 arg1 nanofiber 56:64 Electrospun water-stable zein/ethyl cellulose composite nanofiber 0:64 Electrospun water-stable zein/ethyl cellulose composite nanofiber 0:64 Electrospun water-stable zein/ethyl cellulose composite nanofiber and its drug release properties. 28254337 7 22 theme dissolution 865:875 arg1 tests 877:881 in vitro dissolution tests 856:881 in vitro dissolution tests 856:881 The composite nanofibers showed a sustained diffusion-controlled release according to the results of in vitro dissolution tests. 28254337 4 23 theme drug 499:502 arg1 distribution 504:515 drug distribution 499:515 drug distribution 499:515 Scanning electron microscopy and element mapping revealed the morphologies of drug-loaded nanofibers and drug distribution, respectively. 28254337 6 24 theme scanning 634:641 arg1 calorimetry 643:653 Differential scanning calorimetry 621:653 Differential scanning calorimetry 621:653 Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction demonstrated the physical state of drug and polymers in the nanofiber matrix. 28254337 7 25 theme tests 877:881 arg1 results 845:851 the results 841:851 the results of in vitro dissolution tests 841:881 The composite nanofibers showed a sustained diffusion-controlled release according to the results of in vitro dissolution tests. 28254337 3 26 theme model 326:330 arg1 drug 332:335 a model drug 324:335 a model drug 324:335 Indomethacin, as a model drug, was incorporated in situ into the composite nanofibers. 28254337 2 27 theme protein 241:247 arg1 zein 249:252 Corn protein zein 236:252 Corn protein zein 236:252 Corn protein zein was co-electrospun with hydrophobic ethyl cellulose. 28254337 6 28 theme Differential 621:632 arg1 calorimetry 643:653 Differential scanning calorimetry 621:653 Differential scanning calorimetry 621:653 Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction demonstrated the physical state of drug and polymers in the nanofiber matrix. 28254337 7 29 theme in 856:857 arg1 tests 877:881 in vitro dissolution tests 856:881 in vitro dissolution tests 856:881 The composite nanofibers showed a sustained diffusion-controlled release according to the results of in vitro dissolution tests. 28254337 2 30 theme Corn 236:239 arg1 zein 249:252 Corn protein zein 236:252 Corn protein zein 236:252 Corn protein zein was co-electrospun with hydrophobic ethyl cellulose. 28254337 5 31 dep Fourier 532:538 arg1 transform 540:548 transform 540:548 transform infrared spectra 540:565 Fourier transform infrared spectra confirmed the physical blending among the components. 28254337 7 32 theme composite 759:767 arg1 nanofibers 769:778 The composite nanofibers 755:778 The composite nanofibers 755:778 The composite nanofibers showed a sustained diffusion-controlled release according to the results of in vitro dissolution tests. 28254337 6 33 from state 703:707 arg1 matrix 747:752 the nanofiber matrix 733:752 the nanofiber matrix 733:752 Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction demonstrated the physical state of drug and polymers in the nanofiber matrix. 28254337 2 34 theme ethyl 290:294 arg1 cellulose 296:304 hydrophobic ethyl cellulose 278:304 hydrophobic ethyl cellulose 278:304 Corn protein zein was co-electrospun with hydrophobic ethyl cellulose. 28254337 2 35 theme hydrophobic 278:288 arg1 cellulose 296:304 hydrophobic ethyl cellulose 278:304 hydrophobic ethyl cellulose 278:304 Corn protein zein was co-electrospun with hydrophobic ethyl cellulose. 28254337 1 36 theme water-stable 142:153 arg1 nanofibers 166:175 water-stable zein-based nanofibers 142:175 water-stable zein-based nanofibers 142:175 A simple and cost-effective way to prepare water-stable zein-based nanofibers for potential drug delivery was presented in this article. 28254337 6 37 theme polymers 721:728 arg1 state 703:707 the physical state 690:707 the physical state of drug and polymers in the nanofiber matrix 690:752 Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction demonstrated the physical state of drug and polymers in the nanofiber matrix. 28254337 0 38 theme release 79:85 arg1 properties 87:96 its drug release properties 70:96 its drug release properties 70:96 Electrospun water-stable zein/ethyl cellulose composite nanofiber and its drug release properties. 28254337 1 39 theme zein-based 155:164 arg1 nanofibers 166:175 water-stable zein-based nanofibers 142:175 water-stable zein-based nanofibers 142:175 A simple and cost-effective way to prepare water-stable zein-based nanofibers for potential drug delivery was presented in this article. 28254337 0 40 theme drug 74:77 arg1 properties 87:96 its drug release properties 70:96 its drug release properties 70:96 Electrospun water-stable zein/ethyl cellulose composite nanofiber and its drug release properties. 28254337 6 41 theme X-ray 659:663 arg1 diffraction 665:675 X-ray diffraction 659:675 X-ray diffraction 659:675 Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction demonstrated the physical state of drug and polymers in the nanofiber matrix. 28254337 5 42 theme physical 581:588 arg1 blending 590:597 the physical blending 577:597 the physical blending among the components 577:618 Fourier transform infrared spectra confirmed the physical blending among the components. 28254337 6 43 theme drug 712:715 arg1 state 703:707 the physical state 690:707 the physical state of drug and polymers in the nanofiber matrix 690:752 Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction demonstrated the physical state of drug and polymers in the nanofiber matrix. 25115198 4 0 theme chitosan 706:713 arg1 ratio 697:701 the mixing ratio 686:701 the mixing ratio of chitosan and surfactant 686:728 The structural characteristics of these complexes can be finely controlled by the mixing ratio of chitosan and surfactant, i.e., simply by the solutions composition. 25115198 7 1 theme solid 1082:1086 arg1 state 1088:1092 the solid state 1078:1092 the solid state with controlled mesoscopic order 1078:1125 Moreover, an easy route for preparation of chitosan-based complexes in the solid state with controlled mesoscopic order is presented. 25115198 5 2 theme mixing 869:874 arg1 ratio 876:880 the mixing ratio 865:880 the mixing ratio 865:880 For instance, the vesicle wall thickness can be varied between 5 and 50 nm just by varying the mixing ratio. 25115198 1 3 theme biopolymer 152:161 arg1 chitosan 163:170 the biopolymer chitosan 148:170 the biopolymer chitosan 148:170 In this work, self-assembly of alkyl ethylene oxide carboxylates and the biopolymer chitosan into supramolecular structures with various shapes is presented. 25115198 9 4 theme structures 1458:1467 arg1 Formation 1430:1438 Formation 1430:1438 Formation of such different structures 1430:1467 Formation of such different structures can be exploited for preparation of carriers, which are able to transport hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic molecules. 25115198 7 5 from route 1025:1029 arg1 state 1088:1092 the solid state 1078:1092 the solid state with controlled mesoscopic order 1078:1125 Moreover, an easy route for preparation of chitosan-based complexes in the solid state with controlled mesoscopic order is presented. 25115198 7 6 with state 1088:1092 arg1 order 1121:1125 controlled mesoscopic order 1099:1125 controlled mesoscopic order 1099:1125 Moreover, an easy route for preparation of chitosan-based complexes in the solid state with controlled mesoscopic order is presented. 25115198 8 7 theme variable 1377:1384 arg1 structures 1386:1395 highly variable structures 1370:1395 highly variable structures in both aqueous and solid phase 1370:1427 This work opens the way to prepare biofriendly materials on the basis of chitosan and mild anionic surfactants which are rather versatile with respect to their structure and properties, allowing for preparation of complexes with highly variable structures in both aqueous and solid phase. 25115198 6 8 theme hydrophilic 951:961 arg1 compounds 963:971 hydrophilic compounds 951:971 hydrophilic compounds with tunable release time option 951:1004 Accordingly, we expect this system to be an outstanding carrier for hydrophilic compounds with tunable release time option. 25115198 1 9 dep oxide 125:129 arg1 carboxylates 131:142 carboxylates 131:142 carboxylates 131:142 In this work, self-assembly of alkyl ethylene oxide carboxylates and the biopolymer chitosan into supramolecular structures with various shapes is presented. 25115198 3 10 theme chitosan 545:552 arg1 network 554:560 a chitosan network 543:560 a chitosan network 543:560 By changing the alkyl chain length and the number of ethylenoxide units very different water-soluble complexes can be obtained, ranging from globular micelles incorporated in a chitosan network to formation of ordered multiwalled vesicles. 25115198 10 11 theme different 1687:1695 arg1 coatings 1784:1791 coatings 1784:1791 coatings for medical implants 1784:1812 Furthermore, as chitosan is well known to exhibit antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, different applications of these complexes can be indicated, i.e., as drug delivery systems or as coatings for medical implants. 25115198 10 11 theme different 1687:1695 arg1 applications 1697:1708 different applications 1687:1708 different applications of these complexes 1687:1727 Furthermore, as chitosan is well known to exhibit antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, different applications of these complexes can be indicated, i.e., as drug delivery systems or as coatings for medical implants. 25115198 10 11 theme different 1687:1695 arg1 systems 1770:1776 drug delivery systems 1756:1776 drug delivery systems 1756:1776 Furthermore, as chitosan is well known to exhibit antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, different applications of these complexes can be indicated, i.e., as drug delivery systems or as coatings for medical implants. 25115198 8 12 theme mild 1227:1230 arg1 surfactants 1240:1250 chitosan and mild anionic surfactants 1214:1250 chitosan and mild anionic surfactants which are rather versatile with respect to their structure and properties, allowing for preparation of complexes with highly variable structures in both aqueous and solid phase 1214:1427 This work opens the way to prepare biofriendly materials on the basis of chitosan and mild anionic surfactants which are rather versatile with respect to their structure and properties, allowing for preparation of complexes with highly variable structures in both aqueous and solid phase. 25115198 8 13 from materials 1188:1196 arg1 basis 1205:1209 the basis 1201:1209 the basis of chitosan and mild anionic surfactants which are rather versatile with respect to their structure and properties, allowing for preparation of complexes with highly variable structures in both aqueous and solid phase 1201:1427 This work opens the way to prepare biofriendly materials on the basis of chitosan and mild anionic surfactants which are rather versatile with respect to their structure and properties, allowing for preparation of complexes with highly variable structures in both aqueous and solid phase. 25115198 7 14 theme complexes 1065:1073 arg1 preparation 1035:1045 preparation 1035:1045 preparation of chitosan-based complexes 1035:1073 Moreover, an easy route for preparation of chitosan-based complexes in the solid state with controlled mesoscopic order is presented. 25115198 5 15 theme wall 800:803 arg1 thickness 805:813 the vesicle wall thickness 788:813 the vesicle wall thickness 788:813 For instance, the vesicle wall thickness can be varied between 5 and 50 nm just by varying the mixing ratio. 25115198 8 16 theme chitosan 1214:1221 arg1 surfactants 1240:1250 chitosan and mild anionic surfactants 1214:1250 chitosan and mild anionic surfactants which are rather versatile with respect to their structure and properties, allowing for preparation of complexes with highly variable structures in both aqueous and solid phase 1214:1427 This work opens the way to prepare biofriendly materials on the basis of chitosan and mild anionic surfactants which are rather versatile with respect to their structure and properties, allowing for preparation of complexes with highly variable structures in both aqueous and solid phase. 25115198 1 17 theme chitosan 163:170 arg1 self-assembly 93:105 self-assembly 93:105 self-assembly of alkyl ethylene oxide carboxylates and the biopolymer chitosan into supramolecular structures with various shapes 93:221 In this work, self-assembly of alkyl ethylene oxide carboxylates and the biopolymer chitosan into supramolecular structures with various shapes is presented. 25115198 7 18 theme mesoscopic 1110:1119 arg1 order 1121:1125 controlled mesoscopic order 1099:1125 controlled mesoscopic order 1099:1125 Moreover, an easy route for preparation of chitosan-based complexes in the solid state with controlled mesoscopic order is presented. 25115198 10 19 theme anti-inflammatory 1657:1673 arg1 properties 1675:1684 antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties 1639:1684 antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties 1639:1684 Furthermore, as chitosan is well known to exhibit antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, different applications of these complexes can be indicated, i.e., as drug delivery systems or as coatings for medical implants. 25115198 3 20 theme units 434:438 arg1 length 396:401 the alkyl chain length 380:401 the alkyl chain length 380:401 By changing the alkyl chain length and the number of ethylenoxide units very different water-soluble complexes can be obtained, ranging from globular micelles incorporated in a chitosan network to formation of ordered multiwalled vesicles. 25115198 3 20 theme units 434:438 arg1 number 411:416 the number 407:416 the number of ethylenoxide units 407:438 By changing the alkyl chain length and the number of ethylenoxide units very different water-soluble complexes can be obtained, ranging from globular micelles incorporated in a chitosan network to formation of ordered multiwalled vesicles. 25115198 0 21 theme crab 5:8 arg1 shells 10:15 crab shells 5:15 crab shells 5:15 From crab shells to smart systems: chitosan-alkylethoxy carboxylate complexes. 25115198 10 22 theme drug 1756:1759 arg1 systems 1770:1776 drug delivery systems 1756:1776 drug delivery systems 1756:1776 Furthermore, as chitosan is well known to exhibit antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, different applications of these complexes can be indicated, i.e., as drug delivery systems or as coatings for medical implants. 25115198 10 22 theme drug 1756:1759 arg1 applications 1697:1708 different applications 1687:1708 different applications of these complexes 1687:1727 Furthermore, as chitosan is well known to exhibit antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, different applications of these complexes can be indicated, i.e., as drug delivery systems or as coatings for medical implants. 25115198 1 23 theme supramolecular 177:190 arg1 structures 192:201 supramolecular structures 177:201 supramolecular structures with various shapes 177:221 In this work, self-assembly of alkyl ethylene oxide carboxylates and the biopolymer chitosan into supramolecular structures with various shapes is presented. 25115198 3 24 theme alkyl 384:388 arg1 length 396:401 the alkyl chain length 380:401 the alkyl chain length 380:401 By changing the alkyl chain length and the number of ethylenoxide units very different water-soluble complexes can be obtained, ranging from globular micelles incorporated in a chitosan network to formation of ordered multiwalled vesicles. 25115198 7 25 theme chitosan-based 1050:1063 arg1 complexes 1065:1073 chitosan-based complexes 1050:1073 chitosan-based complexes 1050:1073 Moreover, an easy route for preparation of chitosan-based complexes in the solid state with controlled mesoscopic order is presented. 25115198 6 26 theme outstanding 927:937 arg1 system 911:916 this system 906:916 this system 906:916 Accordingly, we expect this system to be an outstanding carrier for hydrophilic compounds with tunable release time option. 25115198 6 26 theme outstanding 927:937 arg1 carrier 939:945 an outstanding carrier 924:945 an outstanding carrier for hydrophilic compounds with tunable release time option 924:1004 Accordingly, we expect this system to be an outstanding carrier for hydrophilic compounds with tunable release time option. 25115198 10 27 theme delivery 1761:1768 arg1 systems 1770:1776 drug delivery systems 1756:1776 drug delivery systems 1756:1776 Furthermore, as chitosan is well known to exhibit antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, different applications of these complexes can be indicated, i.e., as drug delivery systems or as coatings for medical implants. 25115198 10 27 theme delivery 1761:1768 arg1 applications 1697:1708 different applications 1687:1708 different applications of these complexes 1687:1727 Furthermore, as chitosan is well known to exhibit antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, different applications of these complexes can be indicated, i.e., as drug delivery systems or as coatings for medical implants. 25115198 0 28 dep complexes 68:76 arg1 shells 10:15 crab shells 5:15 crab shells 5:15 From crab shells to smart systems: chitosan-alkylethoxy carboxylate complexes. 25115198 3 29 theme water-soluble 455:467 arg1 complexes 469:477 very different water-soluble complexes 440:477 very different water-soluble complexes 440:477 By changing the alkyl chain length and the number of ethylenoxide units very different water-soluble complexes can be obtained, ranging from globular micelles incorporated in a chitosan network to formation of ordered multiwalled vesicles. 25115198 9 30 theme such 1443:1446 arg1 structures 1458:1467 such different structures 1443:1467 such different structures 1443:1467 Formation of such different structures can be exploited for preparation of carriers, which are able to transport hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic molecules. 25115198 10 31 theme complexes 1719:1727 arg1 coatings 1784:1791 coatings 1784:1791 coatings for medical implants 1784:1812 Furthermore, as chitosan is well known to exhibit antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, different applications of these complexes can be indicated, i.e., as drug delivery systems or as coatings for medical implants. 25115198 10 31 theme complexes 1719:1727 arg1 applications 1697:1708 different applications 1687:1708 different applications of these complexes 1687:1727 Furthermore, as chitosan is well known to exhibit antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, different applications of these complexes can be indicated, i.e., as drug delivery systems or as coatings for medical implants. 25115198 10 31 theme complexes 1719:1727 arg1 systems 1770:1776 drug delivery systems 1756:1776 drug delivery systems 1756:1776 Furthermore, as chitosan is well known to exhibit antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, different applications of these complexes can be indicated, i.e., as drug delivery systems or as coatings for medical implants. 25115198 8 32 theme solid 1417:1421 arg1 phase 1423:1427 both aqueous and solid phase 1400:1427 both aqueous and solid phase 1400:1427 This work opens the way to prepare biofriendly materials on the basis of chitosan and mild anionic surfactants which are rather versatile with respect to their structure and properties, allowing for preparation of complexes with highly variable structures in both aqueous and solid phase. 25115198 9 33 theme carriers 1505:1512 arg1 preparation 1490:1500 preparation 1490:1500 preparation of carriers, which are able to transport hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic molecules 1490:1586 Formation of such different structures can be exploited for preparation of carriers, which are able to transport hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic molecules. 25115198 1 34 theme various 208:214 arg1 shapes 216:221 various shapes 208:221 various shapes 208:221 In this work, self-assembly of alkyl ethylene oxide carboxylates and the biopolymer chitosan into supramolecular structures with various shapes is presented. 25115198 8 35 theme biofriendly 1176:1186 arg1 materials 1188:1196 biofriendly materials 1176:1196 biofriendly materials on the basis of chitosan and mild anionic surfactants which are rather versatile with respect to their structure and properties, allowing for preparation of complexes with highly variable structures in both aqueous and solid phase 1176:1427 This work opens the way to prepare biofriendly materials on the basis of chitosan and mild anionic surfactants which are rather versatile with respect to their structure and properties, allowing for preparation of complexes with highly variable structures in both aqueous and solid phase. 25115198 8 36 with complexes 1355:1363 arg1 structures 1386:1395 highly variable structures 1370:1395 highly variable structures in both aqueous and solid phase 1370:1427 This work opens the way to prepare biofriendly materials on the basis of chitosan and mild anionic surfactants which are rather versatile with respect to their structure and properties, allowing for preparation of complexes with highly variable structures in both aqueous and solid phase. 25115198 7 37 theme easy 1020:1023 arg1 route 1025:1029 an easy route 1017:1029 an easy route for preparation of chitosan-based complexes in the solid state with controlled mesoscopic order 1017:1125 Moreover, an easy route for preparation of chitosan-based complexes in the solid state with controlled mesoscopic order is presented. 25115198 8 38 theme surfactants 1240:1250 arg1 basis 1205:1209 the basis 1201:1209 the basis of chitosan and mild anionic surfactants which are rather versatile with respect to their structure and properties, allowing for preparation of complexes with highly variable structures in both aqueous and solid phase 1201:1427 This work opens the way to prepare biofriendly materials on the basis of chitosan and mild anionic surfactants which are rather versatile with respect to their structure and properties, allowing for preparation of complexes with highly variable structures in both aqueous and solid phase. 25115198 3 39 theme vesicles 598:605 arg1 formation 565:573 formation 565:573 formation of ordered multiwalled vesicles 565:605 By changing the alkyl chain length and the number of ethylenoxide units very different water-soluble complexes can be obtained, ranging from globular micelles incorporated in a chitosan network to formation of ordered multiwalled vesicles. 25115198 8 40 from structures 1386:1395 arg1 phase 1423:1427 both aqueous and solid phase 1400:1427 both aqueous and solid phase 1400:1427 This work opens the way to prepare biofriendly materials on the basis of chitosan and mild anionic surfactants which are rather versatile with respect to their structure and properties, allowing for preparation of complexes with highly variable structures in both aqueous and solid phase. 25115198 7 41 theme controlled 1099:1108 arg1 order 1121:1125 controlled mesoscopic order 1099:1125 controlled mesoscopic order 1099:1125 Moreover, an easy route for preparation of chitosan-based complexes in the solid state with controlled mesoscopic order is presented. 25115198 3 42 theme ethylenoxide 421:432 arg1 units 434:438 ethylenoxide units 421:438 ethylenoxide units 421:438 By changing the alkyl chain length and the number of ethylenoxide units very different water-soluble complexes can be obtained, ranging from globular micelles incorporated in a chitosan network to formation of ordered multiwalled vesicles. 25115198 10 43 theme antibacterial 1639:1651 arg1 properties 1675:1684 antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties 1639:1684 antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties 1639:1684 Furthermore, as chitosan is well known to exhibit antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, different applications of these complexes can be indicated, i.e., as drug delivery systems or as coatings for medical implants. 25115198 0 44 theme smart 20:24 arg1 systems 26:32 smart systems 20:32 smart systems 20:32 From crab shells to smart systems: chitosan-alkylethoxy carboxylate complexes. 25115198 4 45 theme solutions 751:759 arg1 composition 761:771 the solutions composition 747:771 the solutions composition 747:771 The structural characteristics of these complexes can be finely controlled by the mixing ratio of chitosan and surfactant, i.e., simply by the solutions composition. 25115198 8 46 theme complexes 1355:1363 arg1 preparation 1340:1350 preparation 1340:1350 preparation of complexes with highly variable structures in both aqueous and solid phase 1340:1427 This work opens the way to prepare biofriendly materials on the basis of chitosan and mild anionic surfactants which are rather versatile with respect to their structure and properties, allowing for preparation of complexes with highly variable structures in both aqueous and solid phase. 25115198 3 47 theme different 445:453 arg1 complexes 469:477 very different water-soluble complexes 440:477 very different water-soluble complexes 440:477 By changing the alkyl chain length and the number of ethylenoxide units very different water-soluble complexes can be obtained, ranging from globular micelles incorporated in a chitosan network to formation of ordered multiwalled vesicles. 25115198 3 48 theme chain 390:394 arg1 length 396:401 the alkyl chain length 380:401 the alkyl chain length 380:401 By changing the alkyl chain length and the number of ethylenoxide units very different water-soluble complexes can be obtained, ranging from globular micelles incorporated in a chitosan network to formation of ordered multiwalled vesicles. 25115198 0 49 theme carboxylate 56:66 arg1 complexes 68:76 chitosan-alkylethoxy carboxylate complexes 35:76 chitosan-alkylethoxy carboxylate complexes 35:76 From crab shells to smart systems: chitosan-alkylethoxy carboxylate complexes. 25115198 3 50 theme ordered 578:584 arg1 vesicles 598:605 ordered multiwalled vesicles 578:605 ordered multiwalled vesicles 578:605 By changing the alkyl chain length and the number of ethylenoxide units very different water-soluble complexes can be obtained, ranging from globular micelles incorporated in a chitosan network to formation of ordered multiwalled vesicles. 25115198 4 51 theme surfactant 719:728 arg1 ratio 697:701 the mixing ratio 686:701 the mixing ratio of chitosan and surfactant 686:728 The structural characteristics of these complexes can be finely controlled by the mixing ratio of chitosan and surfactant, i.e., simply by the solutions composition. 25115198 5 52 theme vesicle 792:798 arg1 thickness 805:813 the vesicle wall thickness 788:813 the vesicle wall thickness 788:813 For instance, the vesicle wall thickness can be varied between 5 and 50 nm just by varying the mixing ratio. 25115198 1 53 with structures 192:201 arg1 shapes 216:221 various shapes 208:221 various shapes 208:221 In this work, self-assembly of alkyl ethylene oxide carboxylates and the biopolymer chitosan into supramolecular structures with various shapes is presented. 25115198 3 54 theme multiwalled 586:596 arg1 vesicles 598:605 ordered multiwalled vesicles 578:605 ordered multiwalled vesicles 578:605 By changing the alkyl chain length and the number of ethylenoxide units very different water-soluble complexes can be obtained, ranging from globular micelles incorporated in a chitosan network to formation of ordered multiwalled vesicles. 25115198 1 55 theme alkyl 110:114 arg1 oxide 125:129 alkyl ethylene oxide 110:129 alkyl ethylene oxide 110:129 In this work, self-assembly of alkyl ethylene oxide carboxylates and the biopolymer chitosan into supramolecular structures with various shapes is presented. 25115198 9 56 theme hydrophobic 1566:1576 arg1 molecules 1578:1586 hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic molecules 1543:1586 hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic molecules 1543:1586 Formation of such different structures can be exploited for preparation of carriers, which are able to transport hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic molecules. 25115198 1 57 theme ethylene 116:123 arg1 oxide 125:129 alkyl ethylene oxide 110:129 alkyl ethylene oxide 110:129 In this work, self-assembly of alkyl ethylene oxide carboxylates and the biopolymer chitosan into supramolecular structures with various shapes is presented. 25115198 9 58 theme hydrophilic 1543:1553 arg1 molecules 1578:1586 hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic molecules 1543:1586 hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic molecules 1543:1586 Formation of such different structures can be exploited for preparation of carriers, which are able to transport hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic molecules. 25115198 4 59 theme structural 612:621 arg1 characteristics 623:637 The structural characteristics 608:637 The structural characteristics of these complexes 608:656 The structural characteristics of these complexes can be finely controlled by the mixing ratio of chitosan and surfactant, i.e., simply by the solutions composition. 25115198 10 60 theme medical 1797:1803 arg1 implants 1805:1812 medical implants 1797:1812 medical implants 1797:1812 Furthermore, as chitosan is well known to exhibit antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, different applications of these complexes can be indicated, i.e., as drug delivery systems or as coatings for medical implants. 25115198 1 61 theme oxide 125:129 arg1 self-assembly 93:105 self-assembly 93:105 self-assembly of alkyl ethylene oxide carboxylates and the biopolymer chitosan into supramolecular structures with various shapes 93:221 In this work, self-assembly of alkyl ethylene oxide carboxylates and the biopolymer chitosan into supramolecular structures with various shapes is presented. 25115198 6 62 theme time 994:997 arg1 option 999:1004 tunable release time option 978:1004 tunable release time option 978:1004 Accordingly, we expect this system to be an outstanding carrier for hydrophilic compounds with tunable release time option. 25115198 9 63 theme different 1448:1456 arg1 structures 1458:1467 such different structures 1443:1467 such different structures 1443:1467 Formation of such different structures can be exploited for preparation of carriers, which are able to transport hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic molecules. 25115198 8 64 theme anionic 1232:1238 arg1 surfactants 1240:1250 chitosan and mild anionic surfactants 1214:1250 chitosan and mild anionic surfactants which are rather versatile with respect to their structure and properties, allowing for preparation of complexes with highly variable structures in both aqueous and solid phase 1214:1427 This work opens the way to prepare biofriendly materials on the basis of chitosan and mild anionic surfactants which are rather versatile with respect to their structure and properties, allowing for preparation of complexes with highly variable structures in both aqueous and solid phase. 25115198 8 65 theme aqueous 1405:1411 arg1 phase 1423:1427 both aqueous and solid phase 1400:1427 both aqueous and solid phase 1400:1427 This work opens the way to prepare biofriendly materials on the basis of chitosan and mild anionic surfactants which are rather versatile with respect to their structure and properties, allowing for preparation of complexes with highly variable structures in both aqueous and solid phase. 25115198 4 66 theme complexes 648:656 arg1 characteristics 623:637 The structural characteristics 608:637 The structural characteristics of these complexes 608:656 The structural characteristics of these complexes can be finely controlled by the mixing ratio of chitosan and surfactant, i.e., simply by the solutions composition. 25115198 3 67 theme globular 509:516 arg1 micelles 518:525 globular micelles 509:525 globular micelles incorporated in a chitosan network 509:560 By changing the alkyl chain length and the number of ethylenoxide units very different water-soluble complexes can be obtained, ranging from globular micelles incorporated in a chitosan network to formation of ordered multiwalled vesicles. 25115198 6 68 theme release 986:992 arg1 option 999:1004 tunable release time option 978:1004 tunable release time option 978:1004 Accordingly, we expect this system to be an outstanding carrier for hydrophilic compounds with tunable release time option. 25115198 0 69 theme chitosan-alkylethoxy 35:54 arg1 complexes 68:76 chitosan-alkylethoxy carboxylate complexes 35:76 chitosan-alkylethoxy carboxylate complexes 35:76 From crab shells to smart systems: chitosan-alkylethoxy carboxylate complexes. 25115198 6 70 with compounds 963:971 arg1 option 999:1004 tunable release time option 978:1004 tunable release time option 978:1004 Accordingly, we expect this system to be an outstanding carrier for hydrophilic compounds with tunable release time option. 25115198 4 71 theme mixing 690:695 arg1 ratio 697:701 the mixing ratio 686:701 the mixing ratio of chitosan and surfactant 686:728 The structural characteristics of these complexes can be finely controlled by the mixing ratio of chitosan and surfactant, i.e., simply by the solutions composition. 25115198 6 72 theme tunable 978:984 arg1 option 999:1004 tunable release time option 978:1004 tunable release time option 978:1004 Accordingly, we expect this system to be an outstanding carrier for hydrophilic compounds with tunable release time option. 27286671 11 0 dep healing 1428:1434 arg1 % 1449:1449 94.14 ± 1.04% 1437:1449 94.14 ± 1.04% wound contraction 1437:1467 Time to complete healing (94.14 ± 1.04% wound contraction) was 7 ± 2 days. 27286671 11 1 theme ± 1476:1476 arg1 days 1480:1483 7 ± 2 days 1474:1483 7 ± 2 days 1474:1483 Time to complete healing (94.14 ± 1.04% wound contraction) was 7 ± 2 days. 27286671 9 2 theme 0.2mg 1277:1281 arg1 force 1283:1287 20 ± 0.2mg force 1272:1287 20 ± 0.2mg force 1272:1287 RESULTS The optimised CHS demonstrated a high swelling capacity (111.05 ± 05%), tensile strength (4323gm/mm(2)), in vitro drug diffusion (75.03 ± 3.59%/20days), bioadhesion (20 ± 0.2mg force) and ability of water vapour transmission. 27286671 9 2 theme 0.2mg 1277:1281 arg1 bioadhesion 1259:1269 bioadhesion 1259:1269 bioadhesion (20 ± 0.2mg force) 1259:1288 RESULTS The optimised CHS demonstrated a high swelling capacity (111.05 ± 05%), tensile strength (4323gm/mm(2)), in vitro drug diffusion (75.03 ± 3.59%/20days), bioadhesion (20 ± 0.2mg force) and ability of water vapour transmission. 27286671 6 3 from 45ºC 838:841 arg1 cast 788:791 cast 788:791 cast 788:791 Finally, honey was added with slow stirring and a sponge was cast on a glass surface by solvent evaporation at 45ºC. 27286671 15 4 theme healing 1852:1858 arg1 studies 1819:1825 further clinical studies 1802:1825 further clinical studies of the soft sponge wound healing composite for diabetic foot or pressure ulcers 1802:1905 We recommend further clinical studies of the soft sponge wound healing composite for diabetic foot or pressure ulcers. 27286671 9 5 theme high 1139:1142 arg1 % 1174:1174 111.05 ± 05% 1163:1174 111.05 ± 05% 1163:1174 RESULTS The optimised CHS demonstrated a high swelling capacity (111.05 ± 05%), tensile strength (4323gm/mm(2)), in vitro drug diffusion (75.03 ± 3.59%/20days), bioadhesion (20 ± 0.2mg force) and ability of water vapour transmission. 27286671 9 5 theme high 1139:1142 arg1 capacity 1153:1160 a high swelling capacity 1137:1160 a high swelling capacity (111.05 ± 05%) 1137:1175 RESULTS The optimised CHS demonstrated a high swelling capacity (111.05 ± 05%), tensile strength (4323gm/mm(2)), in vitro drug diffusion (75.03 ± 3.59%/20days), bioadhesion (20 ± 0.2mg force) and ability of water vapour transmission. 27286671 12 6 theme in 1605:1606 arg1 method 1628:1633 in situ polymerisation method 1605:1633 in situ polymerisation method 1605:1633 CONCLUSION This study has shown that honey-curcumin hydrogel composite sponge can be formulated by a simple mixing and in situ polymerisation method. 27286671 5 7 theme In 612:613 arg1 polymerisation 620:633 In situ polymerisation 612:633 In situ polymerisation 612:633 In situ polymerisation was carried out by adding acrylamide base components to the polymeric solution of curcumin. 27286671 3 8 from temperature 463:473 arg1 water 413:417 deionised water 403:417 deionised water 403:417 Sodium alginate and chitosan were dissolved in deionised water and 1% aqueous acetic acid solution at room temperature, respectively. 27286671 3 8 from temperature 463:473 arg1 solution 446:453 1% aqueous acetic acid solution 423:453 1% aqueous acetic acid solution at room temperature 423:473 Sodium alginate and chitosan were dissolved in deionised water and 1% aqueous acetic acid solution at room temperature, respectively. 27286671 9 9 theme water 1305:1309 arg1 transmission 1318:1329 water vapour transmission 1305:1329 water vapour transmission 1305:1329 RESULTS The optimised CHS demonstrated a high swelling capacity (111.05 ± 05%), tensile strength (4323gm/mm(2)), in vitro drug diffusion (75.03 ± 3.59%/20days), bioadhesion (20 ± 0.2mg force) and ability of water vapour transmission. 27286671 9 10 theme 05 1172:1173 arg1 % 1174:1174 111.05 ± 05% 1163:1174 111.05 ± 05% 1163:1174 RESULTS The optimised CHS demonstrated a high swelling capacity (111.05 ± 05%), tensile strength (4323gm/mm(2)), in vitro drug diffusion (75.03 ± 3.59%/20days), bioadhesion (20 ± 0.2mg force) and ability of water vapour transmission. 27286671 9 10 theme 05 1172:1173 arg1 capacity 1153:1160 a high swelling capacity 1137:1160 a high swelling capacity (111.05 ± 05%) 1137:1175 RESULTS The optimised CHS demonstrated a high swelling capacity (111.05 ± 05%), tensile strength (4323gm/mm(2)), in vitro drug diffusion (75.03 ± 3.59%/20days), bioadhesion (20 ± 0.2mg force) and ability of water vapour transmission. 27286671 9 11 theme transmission 1318:1329 arg1 ability 1294:1300 ability 1294:1300 ability of water vapour transmission 1294:1329 RESULTS The optimised CHS demonstrated a high swelling capacity (111.05 ± 05%), tensile strength (4323gm/mm(2)), in vitro drug diffusion (75.03 ± 3.59%/20days), bioadhesion (20 ± 0.2mg force) and ability of water vapour transmission. 27286671 9 11 theme transmission 1318:1329 arg1 % 1174:1174 111.05 ± 05% 1163:1174 111.05 ± 05% 1163:1174 RESULTS The optimised CHS demonstrated a high swelling capacity (111.05 ± 05%), tensile strength (4323gm/mm(2)), in vitro drug diffusion (75.03 ± 3.59%/20days), bioadhesion (20 ± 0.2mg force) and ability of water vapour transmission. 27286671 9 11 theme transmission 1318:1329 arg1 /20days 1249:1255 75.03 ± 3.59%/20days 1236:1255 75.03 ± 3.59%/20days 1236:1255 RESULTS The optimised CHS demonstrated a high swelling capacity (111.05 ± 05%), tensile strength (4323gm/mm(2)), in vitro drug diffusion (75.03 ± 3.59%/20days), bioadhesion (20 ± 0.2mg force) and ability of water vapour transmission. 27286671 9 11 theme transmission 1318:1329 arg1 capacity 1153:1160 a high swelling capacity 1137:1160 a high swelling capacity (111.05 ± 05%) 1137:1175 RESULTS The optimised CHS demonstrated a high swelling capacity (111.05 ± 05%), tensile strength (4323gm/mm(2)), in vitro drug diffusion (75.03 ± 3.59%/20days), bioadhesion (20 ± 0.2mg force) and ability of water vapour transmission. 27286671 9 11 theme transmission 1318:1329 arg1 diffusion 1225:1233 in vitro drug diffusion 1211:1233 in vitro drug diffusion (75.03 ± 3.59%/20days) 1211:1256 RESULTS The optimised CHS demonstrated a high swelling capacity (111.05 ± 05%), tensile strength (4323gm/mm(2)), in vitro drug diffusion (75.03 ± 3.59%/20days), bioadhesion (20 ± 0.2mg force) and ability of water vapour transmission. 27286671 9 11 theme transmission 1318:1329 arg1 force 1283:1287 20 ± 0.2mg force 1272:1287 20 ± 0.2mg force 1272:1287 RESULTS The optimised CHS demonstrated a high swelling capacity (111.05 ± 05%), tensile strength (4323gm/mm(2)), in vitro drug diffusion (75.03 ± 3.59%/20days), bioadhesion (20 ± 0.2mg force) and ability of water vapour transmission. 27286671 9 11 theme transmission 1318:1329 arg1 strength 1186:1193 tensile strength 1178:1193 tensile strength (4323gm/mm(2)) 1178:1208 RESULTS The optimised CHS demonstrated a high swelling capacity (111.05 ± 05%), tensile strength (4323gm/mm(2)), in vitro drug diffusion (75.03 ± 3.59%/20days), bioadhesion (20 ± 0.2mg force) and ability of water vapour transmission. 27286671 9 11 theme transmission 1318:1329 arg1 bioadhesion 1259:1269 bioadhesion 1259:1269 bioadhesion (20 ± 0.2mg force) 1259:1288 RESULTS The optimised CHS demonstrated a high swelling capacity (111.05 ± 05%), tensile strength (4323gm/mm(2)), in vitro drug diffusion (75.03 ± 3.59%/20days), bioadhesion (20 ± 0.2mg force) and ability of water vapour transmission. 27286671 9 11 theme transmission 1318:1329 arg1 4323gm/mm 1196:1204 4323gm/mm(2) 1196:1207 4323gm/mm(2) 1196:1207 RESULTS The optimised CHS demonstrated a high swelling capacity (111.05 ± 05%), tensile strength (4323gm/mm(2)), in vitro drug diffusion (75.03 ± 3.59%/20days), bioadhesion (20 ± 0.2mg force) and ability of water vapour transmission. 27286671 2 12 dep METHOD 249:254 arg1 design 273:278 A 3(2) factorial design 256:278 METHOD A 3(2) factorial design 249:278 METHOD A 3(2) factorial design was adopted to optimise the honey-curcumin hydrogel composite sponge (CHS). 27286671 5 13 theme acrylamide 661:670 arg1 components 677:686 acrylamide base components 661:686 acrylamide base components 661:686 In situ polymerisation was carried out by adding acrylamide base components to the polymeric solution of curcumin. 27286671 9 14 theme tensile 1178:1184 arg1 strength 1186:1193 tensile strength 1178:1193 tensile strength (4323gm/mm(2)) 1178:1208 RESULTS The optimised CHS demonstrated a high swelling capacity (111.05 ± 05%), tensile strength (4323gm/mm(2)), in vitro drug diffusion (75.03 ± 3.59%/20days), bioadhesion (20 ± 0.2mg force) and ability of water vapour transmission. 27286671 9 14 theme tensile 1178:1184 arg1 4323gm/mm 1196:1204 4323gm/mm(2) 1196:1207 4323gm/mm(2) 1196:1207 RESULTS The optimised CHS demonstrated a high swelling capacity (111.05 ± 05%), tensile strength (4323gm/mm(2)), in vitro drug diffusion (75.03 ± 3.59%/20days), bioadhesion (20 ± 0.2mg force) and ability of water vapour transmission. 27286671 1 15 theme superporous 135:145 arg1 hydrogel 147:154 a biodegradable superporous hydrogel 119:154 a biodegradable superporous hydrogel 119:154 OBJECTIVE To develop and evaluate a biodegradable superporous hydrogel based wound healing composite of chitosan and alginate incorporated with curcumin and honey. 27286671 15 16 theme further 1802:1808 arg1 studies 1819:1825 further clinical studies 1802:1825 further clinical studies of the soft sponge wound healing composite for diabetic foot or pressure ulcers 1802:1905 We recommend further clinical studies of the soft sponge wound healing composite for diabetic foot or pressure ulcers. 27286671 12 17 dep in 1605:1606 arg1 situ 1608:1611 situ 1608:1611 situ 1608:1611 CONCLUSION This study has shown that honey-curcumin hydrogel composite sponge can be formulated by a simple mixing and in situ polymerisation method. 27286671 7 18 theme tensile 915:921 arg1 strength 923:930 tensile strength 915:930 tensile strength 915:930 The produced sponge was assessed for swelling capacity, moisture loss, tensile strength, biocompatibility, bioadhesion, biodegradation, drug diffusion and wound healing properties. 27286671 12 19 theme hydrogel 1538:1545 arg1 sponge 1557:1562 honey-curcumin hydrogel composite sponge 1523:1562 honey-curcumin hydrogel composite sponge 1523:1562 CONCLUSION This study has shown that honey-curcumin hydrogel composite sponge can be formulated by a simple mixing and in situ polymerisation method. 27286671 4 20 theme Ethanolic 490:498 arg1 solution 500:507 Ethanolic solution 490:507 Ethanolic solution of curcumin 490:519 Ethanolic solution of curcumin was poured into the chitosan solution followed by an addition of sodium alginate solution. 27286671 5 21 theme curcumin 717:724 arg1 solution 705:712 the polymeric solution 691:712 the polymeric solution of curcumin 691:724 In situ polymerisation was carried out by adding acrylamide base components to the polymeric solution of curcumin. 27286671 13 22 theme excellent 1686:1694 arg1 capacity 1713:1720 excellent fluid absorption capacity 1686:1720 excellent fluid absorption capacity 1686:1720 The hydrogel base provided a dry wound bed due to excellent fluid absorption capacity. 27286671 3 23 theme 1 423:423 arg1 % 424:424 % 424:424 % 424:424 Sodium alginate and chitosan were dissolved in deionised water and 1% aqueous acetic acid solution at room temperature, respectively. 27286671 13 24 theme absorption 1702:1711 arg1 capacity 1713:1720 excellent fluid absorption capacity 1686:1720 excellent fluid absorption capacity 1686:1720 The hydrogel base provided a dry wound bed due to excellent fluid absorption capacity. 27286671 0 25 theme Novel 0:4 arg1 sponge 29:34 Novel biodegradable hydrogel sponge 0:34 Novel biodegradable hydrogel sponge 0:34 Novel biodegradable hydrogel sponge containing curcumin and honey for wound healing. 27286671 7 26 theme swelling 881:888 arg1 capacity 890:897 swelling capacity 881:897 swelling capacity 881:897 The produced sponge was assessed for swelling capacity, moisture loss, tensile strength, biocompatibility, bioadhesion, biodegradation, drug diffusion and wound healing properties. 27286671 3 27 theme Sodium 356:361 arg1 alginate 363:370 Sodium alginate 356:370 Sodium alginate 356:370 Sodium alginate and chitosan were dissolved in deionised water and 1% aqueous acetic acid solution at room temperature, respectively. 27286671 10 28 theme tissue 1353:1358 arg1 induction 1340:1348 A rapid induction 1332:1348 A rapid induction of tissue granulation and re-epithelialisation 1332:1395 A rapid induction of tissue granulation and re-epithelialisation was observed. 27286671 9 29 theme swelling 1144:1151 arg1 % 1174:1174 111.05 ± 05% 1163:1174 111.05 ± 05% 1163:1174 RESULTS The optimised CHS demonstrated a high swelling capacity (111.05 ± 05%), tensile strength (4323gm/mm(2)), in vitro drug diffusion (75.03 ± 3.59%/20days), bioadhesion (20 ± 0.2mg force) and ability of water vapour transmission. 27286671 9 29 theme swelling 1144:1151 arg1 capacity 1153:1160 a high swelling capacity 1137:1160 a high swelling capacity (111.05 ± 05%) 1137:1175 RESULTS The optimised CHS demonstrated a high swelling capacity (111.05 ± 05%), tensile strength (4323gm/mm(2)), in vitro drug diffusion (75.03 ± 3.59%/20days), bioadhesion (20 ± 0.2mg force) and ability of water vapour transmission. 27286671 13 30 theme wound 1669:1673 arg1 bed 1675:1677 a dry wound bed 1663:1677 a dry wound bed 1663:1677 The hydrogel base provided a dry wound bed due to excellent fluid absorption capacity. 27286671 3 31 theme acid 441:444 arg1 solution 446:453 1% aqueous acetic acid solution 423:453 1% aqueous acetic acid solution at room temperature 423:473 Sodium alginate and chitosan were dissolved in deionised water and 1% aqueous acetic acid solution at room temperature, respectively. 27286671 0 32 theme hydrogel 20:27 arg1 sponge 29:34 Novel biodegradable hydrogel sponge 0:34 Novel biodegradable hydrogel sponge 0:34 Novel biodegradable hydrogel sponge containing curcumin and honey for wound healing. 27286671 15 33 theme diabetic 1874:1881 arg1 foot 1883:1886 diabetic foot or pressure ulcers 1874:1905 foot 1883:1886 We recommend further clinical studies of the soft sponge wound healing composite for diabetic foot or pressure ulcers. 27286671 9 34 dep RESULTS 1098:1104 arg1 demonstrated 1124:1135 demonstrated 1124:1135 demonstrated a high swelling capacity (111.05 ± 05%), tensile strength (4323gm/mm(2)), in vitro drug diffusion (75.03 ± 3.59%/20days), bioadhesion (20 ± 0.2mg force) and ability of water vapour transmission 1124:1329 RESULTS The optimised CHS demonstrated a high swelling capacity (111.05 ± 05%), tensile strength (4323gm/mm(2)), in vitro drug diffusion (75.03 ± 3.59%/20days), bioadhesion (20 ± 0.2mg force) and ability of water vapour transmission. 27286671 4 35 theme chitosan 541:548 arg1 solution 550:557 the chitosan solution 537:557 the chitosan solution followed by an addition of sodium alginate solution 537:609 Ethanolic solution of curcumin was poured into the chitosan solution followed by an addition of sodium alginate solution. 27286671 15 36 theme sponge 1839:1844 arg1 healing 1852:1858 the soft sponge wound healing 1830:1858 the soft sponge wound healing composite for diabetic foot or pressure ulcers 1830:1905 We recommend further clinical studies of the soft sponge wound healing composite for diabetic foot or pressure ulcers. 27286671 14 37 dep effective 1757:1765 arg1 faster 1767:1772 faster 1767:1772 faster 1767:1772 Chitosan and honey contributed to effective faster wound healing. 27286671 3 38 theme aqueous 426:432 arg1 solution 446:453 1% aqueous acetic acid solution 423:453 1% aqueous acetic acid solution at room temperature 423:473 Sodium alginate and chitosan were dissolved in deionised water and 1% aqueous acetic acid solution at room temperature, respectively. 27286671 14 39 theme effective 1757:1765 arg1 healing 1780:1786 effective faster wound healing 1757:1786 effective faster wound healing 1757:1786 Chitosan and honey contributed to effective faster wound healing. 27286671 6 40 theme solvent 815:821 arg1 evaporation 823:833 solvent evaporation 815:833 solvent evaporation 815:833 Finally, honey was added with slow stirring and a sponge was cast on a glass surface by solvent evaporation at 45ºC. 27286671 11 41 theme wound 1451:1455 arg1 contraction 1457:1467 wound contraction 1451:1467 94.14 ± 1.04% wound contraction 1437:1467 Time to complete healing (94.14 ± 1.04% wound contraction) was 7 ± 2 days. 27286671 15 42 theme wound 1846:1850 arg1 healing 1852:1858 the soft sponge wound healing 1830:1858 the soft sponge wound healing composite for diabetic foot or pressure ulcers 1830:1905 We recommend further clinical studies of the soft sponge wound healing composite for diabetic foot or pressure ulcers. 27286671 9 43 dep in 1211:1212 arg1 vitro 1214:1218 vitro 1214:1218 vitro 1214:1218 RESULTS The optimised CHS demonstrated a high swelling capacity (111.05 ± 05%), tensile strength (4323gm/mm(2)), in vitro drug diffusion (75.03 ± 3.59%/20days), bioadhesion (20 ± 0.2mg force) and ability of water vapour transmission. 27286671 2 44 theme hydrogel 323:330 arg1 CHS 350:352 CHS 350:352 CHS 350:352 METHOD A 3(2) factorial design was adopted to optimise the honey-curcumin hydrogel composite sponge (CHS). 27286671 2 44 theme hydrogel 323:330 arg1 sponge 342:347 the honey-curcumin hydrogel composite sponge 304:347 the honey-curcumin hydrogel composite sponge (CHS) 304:353 METHOD A 3(2) factorial design was adopted to optimise the honey-curcumin hydrogel composite sponge (CHS). 27286671 8 45 theme electron 1071:1078 arg1 SEM 1092:1094 SEM 1092:1094 SEM 1092:1094 The morphology of CHS was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27286671 8 45 theme electron 1071:1078 arg1 microscopy 1080:1089 scanning electron microscopy 1062:1089 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 1062:1095 The morphology of CHS was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27286671 13 46 theme hydrogel 1640:1647 arg1 base 1649:1652 The hydrogel base 1636:1652 The hydrogel base 1636:1652 The hydrogel base provided a dry wound bed due to excellent fluid absorption capacity. 27286671 4 47 theme alginate 593:600 arg1 solution 602:609 sodium alginate solution 586:609 sodium alginate solution 586:609 Ethanolic solution of curcumin was poured into the chitosan solution followed by an addition of sodium alginate solution. 27286671 12 48 dep CONCLUSION 1486:1495 arg1 shown 1512:1516 shown 1512:1516 has shown that honey-curcumin hydrogel composite sponge can be formulated by a simple mixing and in situ polymerisation method 1508:1633 CONCLUSION This study has shown that honey-curcumin hydrogel composite sponge can be formulated by a simple mixing and in situ polymerisation method. 27286671 7 49 theme produced 848:855 arg1 sponge 857:862 The produced sponge 844:862 The produced sponge 844:862 The produced sponge was assessed for swelling capacity, moisture loss, tensile strength, biocompatibility, bioadhesion, biodegradation, drug diffusion and wound healing properties. 27286671 9 50 theme ± 1275:1275 arg1 force 1283:1287 20 ± 0.2mg force 1272:1287 20 ± 0.2mg force 1272:1287 RESULTS The optimised CHS demonstrated a high swelling capacity (111.05 ± 05%), tensile strength (4323gm/mm(2)), in vitro drug diffusion (75.03 ± 3.59%/20days), bioadhesion (20 ± 0.2mg force) and ability of water vapour transmission. 27286671 9 50 theme ± 1275:1275 arg1 bioadhesion 1259:1269 bioadhesion 1259:1269 bioadhesion (20 ± 0.2mg force) 1259:1288 RESULTS The optimised CHS demonstrated a high swelling capacity (111.05 ± 05%), tensile strength (4323gm/mm(2)), in vitro drug diffusion (75.03 ± 3.59%/20days), bioadhesion (20 ± 0.2mg force) and ability of water vapour transmission. 27286671 7 51 dep capacity 890:897 arg1 properties 1013:1022 properties 1013:1022 properties 1013:1022 The produced sponge was assessed for swelling capacity, moisture loss, tensile strength, biocompatibility, bioadhesion, biodegradation, drug diffusion and wound healing properties. 27286671 2 52 theme factorial 263:271 arg1 design 273:278 A 3(2) factorial design 256:278 METHOD A 3(2) factorial design 249:278 METHOD A 3(2) factorial design was adopted to optimise the honey-curcumin hydrogel composite sponge (CHS). 27286671 1 53 theme composite 176:184 arg1 healing 168:174 wound healing composite 162:184 wound healing composite of chitosan and alginate incorporated with curcumin and honey 162:246 OBJECTIVE To develop and evaluate a biodegradable superporous hydrogel based wound healing composite of chitosan and alginate incorporated with curcumin and honey. 27286671 11 54 dep % 1449:1449 arg1 contraction 1457:1467 wound contraction 1451:1467 94.14 ± 1.04% wound contraction 1437:1467 Time to complete healing (94.14 ± 1.04% wound contraction) was 7 ± 2 days. 27286671 11 55 theme 94.14 1437:1441 arg1 % 1449:1449 94.14 ± 1.04% 1437:1449 94.14 ± 1.04% wound contraction 1437:1467 Time to complete healing (94.14 ± 1.04% wound contraction) was 7 ± 2 days. 27286671 15 56 theme soft 1834:1837 arg1 healing 1852:1858 the soft sponge wound healing 1830:1858 the soft sponge wound healing composite for diabetic foot or pressure ulcers 1830:1905 We recommend further clinical studies of the soft sponge wound healing composite for diabetic foot or pressure ulcers. 27286671 1 57 theme chitosan 189:196 arg1 healing 168:174 wound healing composite 162:184 wound healing composite of chitosan and alginate incorporated with curcumin and honey 162:246 OBJECTIVE To develop and evaluate a biodegradable superporous hydrogel based wound healing composite of chitosan and alginate incorporated with curcumin and honey. 27286671 12 58 theme simple 1587:1592 arg1 mixing 1594:1599 a simple mixing 1585:1599 a simple mixing 1585:1599 CONCLUSION This study has shown that honey-curcumin hydrogel composite sponge can be formulated by a simple mixing and in situ polymerisation method. 27286671 6 59 theme slow 757:760 arg1 stirring 762:769 slow stirring 757:769 slow stirring 757:769 Finally, honey was added with slow stirring and a sponge was cast on a glass surface by solvent evaporation at 45ºC. 27286671 9 60 theme ± 1170:1170 arg1 % 1174:1174 111.05 ± 05% 1163:1174 111.05 ± 05% 1163:1174 RESULTS The optimised CHS demonstrated a high swelling capacity (111.05 ± 05%), tensile strength (4323gm/mm(2)), in vitro drug diffusion (75.03 ± 3.59%/20days), bioadhesion (20 ± 0.2mg force) and ability of water vapour transmission. 27286671 9 60 theme ± 1170:1170 arg1 capacity 1153:1160 a high swelling capacity 1137:1160 a high swelling capacity (111.05 ± 05%) 1137:1175 RESULTS The optimised CHS demonstrated a high swelling capacity (111.05 ± 05%), tensile strength (4323gm/mm(2)), in vitro drug diffusion (75.03 ± 3.59%/20days), bioadhesion (20 ± 0.2mg force) and ability of water vapour transmission. 27286671 9 61 theme vapour 1311:1316 arg1 transmission 1318:1329 water vapour transmission 1305:1329 water vapour transmission 1305:1329 RESULTS The optimised CHS demonstrated a high swelling capacity (111.05 ± 05%), tensile strength (4323gm/mm(2)), in vitro drug diffusion (75.03 ± 3.59%/20days), bioadhesion (20 ± 0.2mg force) and ability of water vapour transmission. 27286671 5 62 theme polymeric 695:703 arg1 solution 705:712 the polymeric solution 691:712 the polymeric solution of curcumin 691:724 In situ polymerisation was carried out by adding acrylamide base components to the polymeric solution of curcumin. 27286671 11 63 theme complete 1419:1426 arg1 healing 1428:1434 complete healing 1419:1434 complete healing (94.14 ± 1.04% wound contraction) 1419:1468 Time to complete healing (94.14 ± 1.04% wound contraction) was 7 ± 2 days. 27286671 7 64 theme wound 999:1003 arg1 healing 1005:1011 wound healing 999:1011 wound healing 999:1011 The produced sponge was assessed for swelling capacity, moisture loss, tensile strength, biocompatibility, bioadhesion, biodegradation, drug diffusion and wound healing properties. 27286671 7 65 theme drug 980:983 arg1 diffusion 985:993 drug diffusion 980:993 drug diffusion 980:993 The produced sponge was assessed for swelling capacity, moisture loss, tensile strength, biocompatibility, bioadhesion, biodegradation, drug diffusion and wound healing properties. 27286671 5 66 theme base 672:675 arg1 components 677:686 acrylamide base components 661:686 acrylamide base components 661:686 In situ polymerisation was carried out by adding acrylamide base components to the polymeric solution of curcumin. 27286671 1 67 theme biodegradable 121:133 arg1 hydrogel 147:154 a biodegradable superporous hydrogel 119:154 a biodegradable superporous hydrogel 119:154 OBJECTIVE To develop and evaluate a biodegradable superporous hydrogel based wound healing composite of chitosan and alginate incorporated with curcumin and honey. 27286671 12 68 theme composite 1547:1555 arg1 sponge 1557:1562 honey-curcumin hydrogel composite sponge 1523:1562 honey-curcumin hydrogel composite sponge 1523:1562 CONCLUSION This study has shown that honey-curcumin hydrogel composite sponge can be formulated by a simple mixing and in situ polymerisation method. 27286671 0 69 theme wound 70:74 arg1 healing 76:82 wound healing 70:82 wound healing 70:82 Novel biodegradable hydrogel sponge containing curcumin and honey for wound healing. 27286671 1 70 theme alginate 202:209 arg1 healing 168:174 wound healing composite 162:184 wound healing composite of chitosan and alginate incorporated with curcumin and honey 162:246 OBJECTIVE To develop and evaluate a biodegradable superporous hydrogel based wound healing composite of chitosan and alginate incorporated with curcumin and honey. 27286671 1 71 theme wound 162:166 arg1 healing 168:174 wound healing composite 162:184 wound healing composite of chitosan and alginate incorporated with curcumin and honey 162:246 OBJECTIVE To develop and evaluate a biodegradable superporous hydrogel based wound healing composite of chitosan and alginate incorporated with curcumin and honey. 27286671 15 72 theme clinical 1810:1817 arg1 studies 1819:1825 further clinical studies 1802:1825 further clinical studies of the soft sponge wound healing composite for diabetic foot or pressure ulcers 1802:1905 We recommend further clinical studies of the soft sponge wound healing composite for diabetic foot or pressure ulcers. 27286671 12 73 theme honey-curcumin 1523:1536 arg1 sponge 1557:1562 honey-curcumin hydrogel composite sponge 1523:1562 honey-curcumin hydrogel composite sponge 1523:1562 CONCLUSION This study has shown that honey-curcumin hydrogel composite sponge can be formulated by a simple mixing and in situ polymerisation method. 27286671 3 74 theme room 458:461 arg1 temperature 463:473 room temperature 458:473 room temperature 458:473 Sodium alginate and chitosan were dissolved in deionised water and 1% aqueous acetic acid solution at room temperature, respectively. 27286671 10 75 dep tissue 1353:1358 arg1 granulation 1360:1370 granulation 1360:1370 granulation 1360:1370 A rapid induction of tissue granulation and re-epithelialisation was observed. 27286671 9 76 theme in 1211:1212 arg1 diffusion 1225:1233 in vitro drug diffusion 1211:1233 in vitro drug diffusion (75.03 ± 3.59%/20days) 1211:1256 RESULTS The optimised CHS demonstrated a high swelling capacity (111.05 ± 05%), tensile strength (4323gm/mm(2)), in vitro drug diffusion (75.03 ± 3.59%/20days), bioadhesion (20 ± 0.2mg force) and ability of water vapour transmission. 27286671 9 76 theme in 1211:1212 arg1 /20days 1249:1255 75.03 ± 3.59%/20days 1236:1255 75.03 ± 3.59%/20days 1236:1255 RESULTS The optimised CHS demonstrated a high swelling capacity (111.05 ± 05%), tensile strength (4323gm/mm(2)), in vitro drug diffusion (75.03 ± 3.59%/20days), bioadhesion (20 ± 0.2mg force) and ability of water vapour transmission. 27286671 15 77 theme pressure 1891:1898 arg1 ulcers 1900:1905 diabetic foot or pressure ulcers 1874:1905 ulcers 1900:1905 We recommend further clinical studies of the soft sponge wound healing composite for diabetic foot or pressure ulcers. 27286671 13 78 theme fluid 1696:1700 arg1 capacity 1713:1720 excellent fluid absorption capacity 1686:1720 excellent fluid absorption capacity 1686:1720 The hydrogel base provided a dry wound bed due to excellent fluid absorption capacity. 27286671 3 79 theme % 424:424 arg1 solution 446:453 1% aqueous acetic acid solution 423:453 1% aqueous acetic acid solution at room temperature 423:473 Sodium alginate and chitosan were dissolved in deionised water and 1% aqueous acetic acid solution at room temperature, respectively. 27286671 0 80 theme biodegradable 6:18 arg1 sponge 29:34 Novel biodegradable hydrogel sponge 0:34 Novel biodegradable hydrogel sponge 0:34 Novel biodegradable hydrogel sponge containing curcumin and honey for wound healing. 27286671 9 81 theme drug 1220:1223 arg1 diffusion 1225:1233 in vitro drug diffusion 1211:1233 in vitro drug diffusion (75.03 ± 3.59%/20days) 1211:1256 RESULTS The optimised CHS demonstrated a high swelling capacity (111.05 ± 05%), tensile strength (4323gm/mm(2)), in vitro drug diffusion (75.03 ± 3.59%/20days), bioadhesion (20 ± 0.2mg force) and ability of water vapour transmission. 27286671 9 81 theme drug 1220:1223 arg1 /20days 1249:1255 75.03 ± 3.59%/20days 1236:1255 75.03 ± 3.59%/20days 1236:1255 RESULTS The optimised CHS demonstrated a high swelling capacity (111.05 ± 05%), tensile strength (4323gm/mm(2)), in vitro drug diffusion (75.03 ± 3.59%/20days), bioadhesion (20 ± 0.2mg force) and ability of water vapour transmission. 27286671 7 82 theme moisture 900:907 arg1 loss 909:912 moisture loss 900:912 moisture loss 900:912 The produced sponge was assessed for swelling capacity, moisture loss, tensile strength, biocompatibility, bioadhesion, biodegradation, drug diffusion and wound healing properties. 27286671 13 83 theme dry 1665:1667 arg1 bed 1675:1677 a dry wound bed 1663:1677 a dry wound bed 1663:1677 The hydrogel base provided a dry wound bed due to excellent fluid absorption capacity. 27286671 8 84 theme CHS 1043:1045 arg1 morphology 1029:1038 The morphology 1025:1038 The morphology of CHS 1025:1045 The morphology of CHS was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27286671 15 85 theme composite 1860:1868 arg1 healing 1852:1858 the soft sponge wound healing 1830:1858 the soft sponge wound healing composite for diabetic foot or pressure ulcers 1830:1905 We recommend further clinical studies of the soft sponge wound healing composite for diabetic foot or pressure ulcers. 27286671 9 86 theme ± 1242:1242 arg1 diffusion 1225:1233 in vitro drug diffusion 1211:1233 in vitro drug diffusion (75.03 ± 3.59%/20days) 1211:1256 RESULTS The optimised CHS demonstrated a high swelling capacity (111.05 ± 05%), tensile strength (4323gm/mm(2)), in vitro drug diffusion (75.03 ± 3.59%/20days), bioadhesion (20 ± 0.2mg force) and ability of water vapour transmission. 27286671 9 86 theme ± 1242:1242 arg1 /20days 1249:1255 75.03 ± 3.59%/20days 1236:1255 75.03 ± 3.59%/20days 1236:1255 RESULTS The optimised CHS demonstrated a high swelling capacity (111.05 ± 05%), tensile strength (4323gm/mm(2)), in vitro drug diffusion (75.03 ± 3.59%/20days), bioadhesion (20 ± 0.2mg force) and ability of water vapour transmission. 27286671 3 87 theme deionised 403:411 arg1 water 413:417 deionised water 403:417 deionised water 403:417 Sodium alginate and chitosan were dissolved in deionised water and 1% aqueous acetic acid solution at room temperature, respectively. 27286671 4 88 theme curcumin 512:519 arg1 solution 500:507 Ethanolic solution 490:507 Ethanolic solution of curcumin 490:519 Ethanolic solution of curcumin was poured into the chitosan solution followed by an addition of sodium alginate solution. 27286671 10 89 theme rapid 1334:1338 arg1 induction 1340:1348 A rapid induction 1332:1348 A rapid induction of tissue granulation and re-epithelialisation 1332:1395 A rapid induction of tissue granulation and re-epithelialisation was observed. 27286671 3 90 theme acetic 434:439 arg1 solution 446:453 1% aqueous acetic acid solution 423:453 1% aqueous acetic acid solution at room temperature 423:473 Sodium alginate and chitosan were dissolved in deionised water and 1% aqueous acetic acid solution at room temperature, respectively. 27286671 9 91 theme % 1248:1248 arg1 diffusion 1225:1233 in vitro drug diffusion 1211:1233 in vitro drug diffusion (75.03 ± 3.59%/20days) 1211:1256 RESULTS The optimised CHS demonstrated a high swelling capacity (111.05 ± 05%), tensile strength (4323gm/mm(2)), in vitro drug diffusion (75.03 ± 3.59%/20days), bioadhesion (20 ± 0.2mg force) and ability of water vapour transmission. 27286671 9 91 theme % 1248:1248 arg1 /20days 1249:1255 75.03 ± 3.59%/20days 1236:1255 75.03 ± 3.59%/20days 1236:1255 RESULTS The optimised CHS demonstrated a high swelling capacity (111.05 ± 05%), tensile strength (4323gm/mm(2)), in vitro drug diffusion (75.03 ± 3.59%/20days), bioadhesion (20 ± 0.2mg force) and ability of water vapour transmission. 27286671 8 92 theme scanning 1062:1069 arg1 SEM 1092:1094 SEM 1092:1094 SEM 1092:1094 The morphology of CHS was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27286671 8 92 theme scanning 1062:1069 arg1 microscopy 1080:1089 scanning electron microscopy 1062:1089 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 1062:1095 The morphology of CHS was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27286671 5 93 dep In 612:613 arg1 situ 615:618 situ 615:618 situ 615:618 In situ polymerisation was carried out by adding acrylamide base components to the polymeric solution of curcumin. 27286671 10 94 theme re-epithelialisation 1376:1395 arg1 induction 1340:1348 A rapid induction 1332:1348 A rapid induction of tissue granulation and re-epithelialisation 1332:1395 A rapid induction of tissue granulation and re-epithelialisation was observed. 27286671 11 95 theme ± 1443:1443 arg1 % 1449:1449 94.14 ± 1.04% 1437:1449 94.14 ± 1.04% wound contraction 1437:1467 Time to complete healing (94.14 ± 1.04% wound contraction) was 7 ± 2 days. 27286671 2 96 theme composite 332:340 arg1 CHS 350:352 CHS 350:352 CHS 350:352 METHOD A 3(2) factorial design was adopted to optimise the honey-curcumin hydrogel composite sponge (CHS). 27286671 2 96 theme composite 332:340 arg1 sponge 342:347 the honey-curcumin hydrogel composite sponge 304:347 the honey-curcumin hydrogel composite sponge (CHS) 304:353 METHOD A 3(2) factorial design was adopted to optimise the honey-curcumin hydrogel composite sponge (CHS). 27286671 6 97 theme glass 798:802 arg1 surface 804:810 a glass surface 796:810 a glass surface 796:810 Finally, honey was added with slow stirring and a sponge was cast on a glass surface by solvent evaporation at 45ºC. 27286671 4 98 theme sodium 586:591 arg1 solution 602:609 sodium alginate solution 586:609 sodium alginate solution 586:609 Ethanolic solution of curcumin was poured into the chitosan solution followed by an addition of sodium alginate solution. 27286671 2 99 theme honey-curcumin 308:321 arg1 CHS 350:352 CHS 350:352 CHS 350:352 METHOD A 3(2) factorial design was adopted to optimise the honey-curcumin hydrogel composite sponge (CHS). 27286671 2 99 theme honey-curcumin 308:321 arg1 sponge 342:347 the honey-curcumin hydrogel composite sponge 304:347 the honey-curcumin hydrogel composite sponge (CHS) 304:353 METHOD A 3(2) factorial design was adopted to optimise the honey-curcumin hydrogel composite sponge (CHS). 27286671 14 100 theme wound 1774:1778 arg1 healing 1780:1786 effective faster wound healing 1757:1786 effective faster wound healing 1757:1786 Chitosan and honey contributed to effective faster wound healing. 27286671 12 101 theme polymerisation 1613:1626 arg1 method 1628:1633 in situ polymerisation method 1605:1633 in situ polymerisation method 1605:1633 CONCLUSION This study has shown that honey-curcumin hydrogel composite sponge can be formulated by a simple mixing and in situ polymerisation method. 27286671 4 102 theme solution 602:609 arg1 addition 574:581 an addition 571:581 an addition of sodium alginate solution 571:609 Ethanolic solution of curcumin was poured into the chitosan solution followed by an addition of sodium alginate solution. 27286671 9 103 theme optimised 1110:1118 arg1 CHS 1120:1122 The optimised CHS 1106:1122 The optimised CHS 1106:1122 RESULTS The optimised CHS demonstrated a high swelling capacity (111.05 ± 05%), tensile strength (4323gm/mm(2)), in vitro drug diffusion (75.03 ± 3.59%/20days), bioadhesion (20 ± 0.2mg force) and ability of water vapour transmission. 28012416 13 0 theme void 2033:2036 arg1 filling 2022:2028 filling 2022:2028 filling of void in bone and drug delivery applications 2022:2075 This work provides new insight into the role of agarose coated on bioceramics by solvothermal technique and suggests that CHAp/agarose composites powders are promising materials for filling of void in bone and drug delivery applications. 28012416 2 1 theme encapsulation 341:353 arg1 synthesis 320:328 the synthesis 316:328 the synthesis of agarose encapsulation on carbonated hydroxyapatite powder and their biological and drug delivery properties 316:439 The objective of this work was to study the synthesis of agarose encapsulation on carbonated hydroxyapatite powder and their biological and drug delivery properties. 28012416 1 2 theme damaged 259:265 arg1 tissues 267:273 the damaged tissues 255:273 the damaged tissues 255:273 The powder composites are predominantly used for filling of voids in bone and as drug delivery carrier to prevent the infection or inflammatory reaction in the damaged tissues. 28012416 13 3 theme bone 2041:2044 arg1 applications 2064:2075 bone and drug delivery applications 2041:2075 bone and drug delivery applications 2041:2075 This work provides new insight into the role of agarose coated on bioceramics by solvothermal technique and suggests that CHAp/agarose composites powders are promising materials for filling of void in bone and drug delivery applications. 28012416 4 4 theme powder 702:707 arg1 phase 674:678 The phase 670:678 The phase of the as-synthesized powder 670:707 The phase of the as-synthesized powder was CHAp/agarose whereas the calcinated samples were non-stoichiometric HAp. 28012416 4 4 theme powder 702:707 arg1 CHAp/agarose 713:724 CHAp/agarose 713:724 CHAp/agarose 713:724 The phase of the as-synthesized powder was CHAp/agarose whereas the calcinated samples were non-stoichiometric HAp. 28012416 13 5 theme new 1859:1861 arg1 insight 1863:1869 new insight 1859:1869 new insight into the role of agarose coated on bioceramics by solvothermal technique 1859:1942 This work provides new insight into the role of agarose coated on bioceramics by solvothermal technique and suggests that CHAp/agarose composites powders are promising materials for filling of void in bone and drug delivery applications. 28012416 1 6 theme drug 180:183 arg1 delivery 185:192 drug delivery 180:192 drug delivery carrier 180:200 The powder composites are predominantly used for filling of voids in bone and as drug delivery carrier to prevent the infection or inflammatory reaction in the damaged tissues. 28012416 7 7 theme better 1120:1125 arg1 bioactivity 1127:1137 better bioactivity 1120:1137 better bioactivity 1120:1137 Composites were partially dissolved in SBF solution followed by exhibited better bioactivity than non-stoichiometric HAp confirmed by gravimetric method. 28012416 11 8 theme antimicrobial 1603:1615 arg1 efficacy 1617:1624 antimicrobial efficacy 1603:1624 antimicrobial efficacy 1603:1624 The ST120 showed prolonged drug (AMX and 5-Fcil) release and antimicrobial efficacy than ST150 and calcined samples. 28012416 8 9 theme agarose 1261:1267 arg1 presence 1249:1256 presence 1249:1256 presence of agarose or carbonate in the HAp 1249:1291 Hemo and biocompatibility remained unaffected by presence of agarose or carbonate in the HAp. 28012416 12 10 theme nanocomposite 1802:1814 arg1 powders 1831:1837 high quality crystalline, resorbable, mesoporous and bioactive nanocomposite (CHAp/agarose) powders 1739:1837 high quality crystalline, resorbable, mesoporous and bioactive nanocomposite (CHAp/agarose) powders 1739:1837 This technique would be simple and rapid for composites preparation, to produce high quality crystalline, resorbable, mesoporous and bioactive nanocomposite (CHAp/agarose) powders. 28012416 6 11 with rods 986:989 arg1 size 1004:1007 reduced size 996:1007 reduced size 996:1007 The calcination process produced spheres (10-50nm) and rods with reduced size (40-120nm length and 20-30nm width). 28012416 10 12 theme strong 1465:1470 arg1 activity 1486:1493 a strong antimicrobial activity 1463:1493 a strong antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus and S. epidermidis 1463:1539 The composites demonstrated a strong antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus and S. epidermidis. 28012416 2 13 theme work 298:301 arg1 objective 280:288 The objective 276:288 The objective of this work 276:301 The objective of this work was to study the synthesis of agarose encapsulation on carbonated hydroxyapatite powder and their biological and drug delivery properties. 28012416 8 14 theme carbonate 1272:1280 arg1 presence 1249:1256 presence 1249:1256 presence of agarose or carbonate in the HAp 1249:1291 Hemo and biocompatibility remained unaffected by presence of agarose or carbonate in the HAp. 28012416 9 15 theme Specific 1294:1301 arg1 area 1311:1314 Specific surface area 1294:1314 Specific surface area of the composites 1294:1332 Specific surface area of the composites was high and exhibited an enhanced amoxicillin and 5-fluorouracil release than the calcined samples. 28012416 4 16 theme non-stoichiometric 762:779 arg1 samples 749:755 the calcinated samples 734:755 the calcinated samples 734:755 The phase of the as-synthesized powder was CHAp/agarose whereas the calcinated samples were non-stoichiometric HAp. 28012416 4 16 theme non-stoichiometric 762:779 arg1 HAp 781:783 non-stoichiometric HAp 762:783 non-stoichiometric HAp 762:783 The phase of the as-synthesized powder was CHAp/agarose whereas the calcinated samples were non-stoichiometric HAp. 28012416 12 17 theme resorbable 1765:1774 arg1 powders 1831:1837 high quality crystalline, resorbable, mesoporous and bioactive nanocomposite (CHAp/agarose) powders 1739:1837 high quality crystalline, resorbable, mesoporous and bioactive nanocomposite (CHAp/agarose) powders 1739:1837 This technique would be simple and rapid for composites preparation, to produce high quality crystalline, resorbable, mesoporous and bioactive nanocomposite (CHAp/agarose) powders. 28012416 11 18 theme prolonged 1559:1567 arg1 release 1591:1597 prolonged drug (AMX and 5-Fcil) release 1559:1597 prolonged drug (AMX and 5-Fcil) release 1559:1597 The ST120 showed prolonged drug (AMX and 5-Fcil) release and antimicrobial efficacy than ST150 and calcined samples. 28012416 12 19 theme mesoporous 1777:1786 arg1 powders 1831:1837 high quality crystalline, resorbable, mesoporous and bioactive nanocomposite (CHAp/agarose) powders 1739:1837 high quality crystalline, resorbable, mesoporous and bioactive nanocomposite (CHAp/agarose) powders 1739:1837 This technique would be simple and rapid for composites preparation, to produce high quality crystalline, resorbable, mesoporous and bioactive nanocomposite (CHAp/agarose) powders. 28012416 13 20 theme promising 1998:2006 arg1 powders 1986:1992 CHAp/agarose composites powders 1962:1992 CHAp/agarose composites powders 1962:1992 This work provides new insight into the role of agarose coated on bioceramics by solvothermal technique and suggests that CHAp/agarose composites powders are promising materials for filling of void in bone and drug delivery applications. 28012416 13 20 theme promising 1998:2006 arg1 materials 2008:2016 promising materials 1998:2016 promising materials for filling of void in bone and drug delivery applications 1998:2075 This work provides new insight into the role of agarose coated on bioceramics by solvothermal technique and suggests that CHAp/agarose composites powders are promising materials for filling of void in bone and drug delivery applications. 28012416 5 21 theme length 820:825 arg1 nanorods 803:810 The CHAp/agarose nanorods 786:810 The CHAp/agarose nanorods 786:810 The CHAp/agarose nanorods were of length 10-80nm and width 40-190nm for the samples synthesized at temperatures 120°C (ST120) and 150°C (ST150). 28012416 5 21 theme length 820:825 arg1 40-190nm 845:852 40-190nm 845:852 40-190nm 845:852 The CHAp/agarose nanorods were of length 10-80nm and width 40-190nm for the samples synthesized at temperatures 120°C (ST120) and 150°C (ST150). 28012416 3 22 theme thermal 652:658 arg1 exposure 660:667 thermal exposure 652:667 thermal exposure 652:667 Mesoporous, nanosized carbonated hydroxyapatite/agarose (CHAp/agarose) powder composites were prepared by solvothermal method and subsequently calcined to study the physico-chemical changes, if it subjected to thermal exposure. 28012416 12 23 theme high 1739:1742 arg1 crystalline 1752:1762 high quality crystalline 1739:1762 high quality crystalline 1739:1762 This technique would be simple and rapid for composites preparation, to produce high quality crystalline, resorbable, mesoporous and bioactive nanocomposite (CHAp/agarose) powders. 28012416 1 24 from bone 168:171 arg1 filling 148:154 filling 148:154 filling of voids in bone 148:171 The powder composites are predominantly used for filling of voids in bone and as drug delivery carrier to prevent the infection or inflammatory reaction in the damaged tissues. 28012416 12 25 theme crystalline 1752:1762 arg1 powders 1831:1837 high quality crystalline, resorbable, mesoporous and bioactive nanocomposite (CHAp/agarose) powders 1739:1837 high quality crystalline, resorbable, mesoporous and bioactive nanocomposite (CHAp/agarose) powders 1739:1837 This technique would be simple and rapid for composites preparation, to produce high quality crystalline, resorbable, mesoporous and bioactive nanocomposite (CHAp/agarose) powders. 28012416 13 26 theme CHAp/agarose 1962:1973 arg1 powders 1986:1992 CHAp/agarose composites powders 1962:1992 CHAp/agarose composites powders 1962:1992 This work provides new insight into the role of agarose coated on bioceramics by solvothermal technique and suggests that CHAp/agarose composites powders are promising materials for filling of void in bone and drug delivery applications. 28012416 13 26 theme CHAp/agarose 1962:1973 arg1 materials 2008:2016 promising materials 1998:2016 promising materials for filling of void in bone and drug delivery applications 1998:2075 This work provides new insight into the role of agarose coated on bioceramics by solvothermal technique and suggests that CHAp/agarose composites powders are promising materials for filling of void in bone and drug delivery applications. 28012416 5 27 theme CHAp/agarose 790:801 arg1 nanorods 803:810 The CHAp/agarose nanorods 786:810 The CHAp/agarose nanorods 786:810 The CHAp/agarose nanorods were of length 10-80nm and width 40-190nm for the samples synthesized at temperatures 120°C (ST120) and 150°C (ST150). 28012416 5 27 theme CHAp/agarose 790:801 arg1 40-190nm 845:852 40-190nm 845:852 40-190nm 845:852 The CHAp/agarose nanorods were of length 10-80nm and width 40-190nm for the samples synthesized at temperatures 120°C (ST120) and 150°C (ST150). 28012416 1 28 from voids 159:163 arg1 bone 168:171 bone 168:171 bone 168:171 The powder composites are predominantly used for filling of voids in bone and as drug delivery carrier to prevent the infection or inflammatory reaction in the damaged tissues. 28012416 6 29 theme 40-120nm 1010:1017 arg1 rods 986:989 rods 986:989 rods with reduced size (40-120nm length and 20-30nm width) 986:1043 The calcination process produced spheres (10-50nm) and rods with reduced size (40-120nm length and 20-30nm width). 28012416 6 29 theme 40-120nm 1010:1017 arg1 length 1019:1024 40-120nm length 1010:1024 40-120nm length 1010:1024 The calcination process produced spheres (10-50nm) and rods with reduced size (40-120nm length and 20-30nm width). 28012416 2 30 theme delivery 421:428 arg1 properties 430:439 their biological and drug delivery properties 395:439 properties 430:439 The objective of this work was to study the synthesis of agarose encapsulation on carbonated hydroxyapatite powder and their biological and drug delivery properties. 28012416 9 31 theme amoxicillin 1369:1379 arg1 release 1400:1406 an enhanced amoxicillin and 5-fluorouracil release 1357:1406 an enhanced amoxicillin and 5-fluorouracil release than the calcined samples 1357:1432 Specific surface area of the composites was high and exhibited an enhanced amoxicillin and 5-fluorouracil release than the calcined samples. 28012416 1 32 from filling 148:154 arg1 bone 168:171 bone 168:171 bone 168:171 The powder composites are predominantly used for filling of voids in bone and as drug delivery carrier to prevent the infection or inflammatory reaction in the damaged tissues. 28012416 0 33 theme Agarose 0:6 arg1 hydroxyapatite 43:56 Agarose encapsulated mesoporous carbonated hydroxyapatite 0:56 Agarose encapsulated mesoporous carbonated hydroxyapatite 0:56 Agarose encapsulated mesoporous carbonated hydroxyapatite nanocomposites powder for drug delivery. 28012416 9 34 theme 5-fluorouracil 1385:1398 arg1 release 1400:1406 an enhanced amoxicillin and 5-fluorouracil release 1357:1406 an enhanced amoxicillin and 5-fluorouracil release than the calcined samples 1357:1432 Specific surface area of the composites was high and exhibited an enhanced amoxicillin and 5-fluorouracil release than the calcined samples. 28012416 13 35 theme agarose 1888:1894 arg1 role 1880:1883 the role 1876:1883 the role of agarose coated on bioceramics by solvothermal technique 1876:1942 This work provides new insight into the role of agarose coated on bioceramics by solvothermal technique and suggests that CHAp/agarose composites powders are promising materials for filling of void in bone and drug delivery applications. 28012416 0 36 theme mesoporous 21:30 arg1 hydroxyapatite 43:56 Agarose encapsulated mesoporous carbonated hydroxyapatite 0:56 Agarose encapsulated mesoporous carbonated hydroxyapatite 0:56 Agarose encapsulated mesoporous carbonated hydroxyapatite nanocomposites powder for drug delivery. 28012416 2 37 theme drug 416:419 arg1 properties 430:439 their biological and drug delivery properties 395:439 properties 430:439 The objective of this work was to study the synthesis of agarose encapsulation on carbonated hydroxyapatite powder and their biological and drug delivery properties. 28012416 3 38 theme carbonated 464:473 arg1 hydroxyapatite/agarose 475:496 Mesoporous, nanosized carbonated hydroxyapatite/agarose 442:496 hydroxyapatite/agarose 475:496 Mesoporous, nanosized carbonated hydroxyapatite/agarose (CHAp/agarose) powder composites were prepared by solvothermal method and subsequently calcined to study the physico-chemical changes, if it subjected to thermal exposure. 28012416 3 38 theme carbonated 464:473 arg1 CHAp/agarose 499:510 CHAp/agarose 499:510 CHAp/agarose 499:510 Mesoporous, nanosized carbonated hydroxyapatite/agarose (CHAp/agarose) powder composites were prepared by solvothermal method and subsequently calcined to study the physico-chemical changes, if it subjected to thermal exposure. 28012416 9 39 theme calcined 1417:1424 arg1 samples 1426:1432 the calcined samples 1413:1432 the calcined samples 1413:1432 Specific surface area of the composites was high and exhibited an enhanced amoxicillin and 5-fluorouracil release than the calcined samples. 28012416 0 40 theme drug 84:87 arg1 delivery 89:96 drug delivery 84:96 drug delivery 84:96 Agarose encapsulated mesoporous carbonated hydroxyapatite nanocomposites powder for drug delivery. 28012416 2 41 theme agarose 333:339 arg1 encapsulation 341:353 agarose encapsulation 333:353 agarose encapsulation 333:353 The objective of this work was to study the synthesis of agarose encapsulation on carbonated hydroxyapatite powder and their biological and drug delivery properties. 28012416 11 42 theme calcined 1641:1648 arg1 samples 1650:1656 calcined samples 1641:1656 calcined samples 1641:1656 The ST120 showed prolonged drug (AMX and 5-Fcil) release and antimicrobial efficacy than ST150 and calcined samples. 28012416 6 43 with spheres 964:970 arg1 size 1004:1007 reduced size 996:1007 reduced size 996:1007 The calcination process produced spheres (10-50nm) and rods with reduced size (40-120nm length and 20-30nm width). 28012416 13 44 theme delivery 2055:2062 arg1 applications 2064:2075 bone and drug delivery applications 2041:2075 bone and drug delivery applications 2041:2075 This work provides new insight into the role of agarose coated on bioceramics by solvothermal technique and suggests that CHAp/agarose composites powders are promising materials for filling of void in bone and drug delivery applications. 28012416 3 45 theme solvothermal 548:559 arg1 method 561:566 solvothermal method 548:566 solvothermal method 548:566 Mesoporous, nanosized carbonated hydroxyapatite/agarose (CHAp/agarose) powder composites were prepared by solvothermal method and subsequently calcined to study the physico-chemical changes, if it subjected to thermal exposure. 28012416 8 46 from presence 1249:1256 arg1 HAp 1289:1291 the HAp 1285:1291 the HAp 1285:1291 Hemo and biocompatibility remained unaffected by presence of agarose or carbonate in the HAp. 28012416 5 47 dep temperatures 885:896 arg1 ST120 905:909 ST120 905:909 ST120 905:909 The CHAp/agarose nanorods were of length 10-80nm and width 40-190nm for the samples synthesized at temperatures 120°C (ST120) and 150°C (ST150). 28012416 5 47 dep temperatures 885:896 arg1 150°C 916:920 150°C 916:920 150°C 916:920 The CHAp/agarose nanorods were of length 10-80nm and width 40-190nm for the samples synthesized at temperatures 120°C (ST120) and 150°C (ST150). 28012416 5 47 dep temperatures 885:896 arg1 120°C 898:902 120°C 898:902 120°C 898:902 The CHAp/agarose nanorods were of length 10-80nm and width 40-190nm for the samples synthesized at temperatures 120°C (ST120) and 150°C (ST150). 28012416 5 47 dep temperatures 885:896 arg1 temperatures 885:896 temperatures 120°C (ST120) and 150°C (ST150) 885:928 temperatures 120°C (ST120) and 150°C (ST150) 885:928 The CHAp/agarose nanorods were of length 10-80nm and width 40-190nm for the samples synthesized at temperatures 120°C (ST120) and 150°C (ST150). 28012416 5 47 dep temperatures 885:896 arg1 ST150 923:927 ST150 923:927 ST150 923:927 The CHAp/agarose nanorods were of length 10-80nm and width 40-190nm for the samples synthesized at temperatures 120°C (ST120) and 150°C (ST150). 28012416 2 48 from synthesis 320:328 arg1 powder 384:389 carbonated hydroxyapatite powder 358:389 carbonated hydroxyapatite powder 358:389 The objective of this work was to study the synthesis of agarose encapsulation on carbonated hydroxyapatite powder and their biological and drug delivery properties. 28012416 2 48 from synthesis 320:328 arg1 biological 401:410 biological 401:410 biological 401:410 The objective of this work was to study the synthesis of agarose encapsulation on carbonated hydroxyapatite powder and their biological and drug delivery properties. 28012416 7 49 theme non-stoichiometric 1144:1161 arg1 HAp 1163:1165 non-stoichiometric HAp 1144:1165 non-stoichiometric HAp confirmed by gravimetric method 1144:1197 Composites were partially dissolved in SBF solution followed by exhibited better bioactivity than non-stoichiometric HAp confirmed by gravimetric method. 28012416 6 50 theme calcination 935:945 arg1 process 947:953 The calcination process 931:953 The calcination process 931:953 The calcination process produced spheres (10-50nm) and rods with reduced size (40-120nm length and 20-30nm width). 28012416 13 51 from applications 2064:2075 arg1 filling 2022:2028 filling 2022:2028 filling of void in bone and drug delivery applications 2022:2075 This work provides new insight into the role of agarose coated on bioceramics by solvothermal technique and suggests that CHAp/agarose composites powders are promising materials for filling of void in bone and drug delivery applications. 28012416 12 52 theme bioactive 1792:1800 arg1 nanocomposite 1802:1814 bioactive nanocomposite 1792:1814 bioactive nanocomposite (CHAp/agarose) 1792:1829 This technique would be simple and rapid for composites preparation, to produce high quality crystalline, resorbable, mesoporous and bioactive nanocomposite (CHAp/agarose) powders. 28012416 12 52 theme bioactive 1792:1800 arg1 CHAp/agarose 1817:1828 CHAp/agarose 1817:1828 CHAp/agarose 1817:1828 This technique would be simple and rapid for composites preparation, to produce high quality crystalline, resorbable, mesoporous and bioactive nanocomposite (CHAp/agarose) powders. 28012416 4 53 theme as-synthesized 687:700 arg1 powder 702:707 the as-synthesized powder 683:707 the as-synthesized powder 683:707 The phase of the as-synthesized powder was CHAp/agarose whereas the calcinated samples were non-stoichiometric HAp. 28012416 3 54 theme physico-chemical 607:622 arg1 changes 624:630 the physico-chemical changes 603:630 the physico-chemical changes 603:630 Mesoporous, nanosized carbonated hydroxyapatite/agarose (CHAp/agarose) powder composites were prepared by solvothermal method and subsequently calcined to study the physico-chemical changes, if it subjected to thermal exposure. 28012416 1 55 theme delivery 185:192 arg1 composites 110:119 The powder composites 99:119 The powder composites 99:119 The powder composites are predominantly used for filling of voids in bone and as drug delivery carrier to prevent the infection or inflammatory reaction in the damaged tissues. 28012416 1 55 theme delivery 185:192 arg1 carrier 194:200 drug delivery carrier 180:200 drug delivery carrier 180:200 The powder composites are predominantly used for filling of voids in bone and as drug delivery carrier to prevent the infection or inflammatory reaction in the damaged tissues. 28012416 10 56 theme antimicrobial 1472:1484 arg1 activity 1486:1493 a strong antimicrobial activity 1463:1493 a strong antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus and S. epidermidis 1463:1539 The composites demonstrated a strong antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus and S. epidermidis. 28012416 6 57 theme reduced 996:1002 arg1 size 1004:1007 reduced size 996:1007 reduced size 996:1007 The calcination process produced spheres (10-50nm) and rods with reduced size (40-120nm length and 20-30nm width). 28012416 1 58 used used 139:142 arg2 composites 110:119 The powder composites 99:119 The powder composites 99:119 The powder composites are predominantly used for filling of voids in bone and as drug delivery carrier to prevent the infection or inflammatory reaction in the damaged tissues. 28012416 1 58 used used 139:142 arg2 carrier 194:200 drug delivery carrier 180:200 drug delivery carrier 180:200 The powder composites are predominantly used for filling of voids in bone and as drug delivery carrier to prevent the infection or inflammatory reaction in the damaged tissues. 28012416 7 59 theme SBF 1085:1087 arg1 solution 1089:1096 SBF solution 1085:1096 SBF solution followed by exhibited better bioactivity than non-stoichiometric HAp confirmed by gravimetric method 1085:1197 Composites were partially dissolved in SBF solution followed by exhibited better bioactivity than non-stoichiometric HAp confirmed by gravimetric method. 28012416 6 60 dep rods 986:989 arg1 rods 986:989 rods 986:989 rods with reduced size (40-120nm length and 20-30nm width) 986:1043 The calcination process produced spheres (10-50nm) and rods with reduced size (40-120nm length and 20-30nm width). 28012416 6 60 dep rods 986:989 arg1 length 1019:1024 40-120nm length 1010:1024 40-120nm length 1010:1024 The calcination process produced spheres (10-50nm) and rods with reduced size (40-120nm length and 20-30nm width). 28012416 6 60 dep rods 986:989 arg1 width 1038:1042 20-30nm width 1030:1042 20-30nm width 1030:1042 The calcination process produced spheres (10-50nm) and rods with reduced size (40-120nm length and 20-30nm width). 28012416 8 61 attach presence 1249:1256 arg1 HAp 1289:1291 the HAp 1285:1291 the HAp 1285:1291 Hemo and biocompatibility remained unaffected by presence of agarose or carbonate in the HAp. 28012416 8 61 attach presence 1249:1256 arg2 agarose 1261:1267 agarose 1261:1267 agarose 1261:1267 Hemo and biocompatibility remained unaffected by presence of agarose or carbonate in the HAp. 28012416 8 61 attach presence 1249:1256 arg2 carbonate 1272:1280 carbonate 1272:1280 carbonate 1272:1280 Hemo and biocompatibility remained unaffected by presence of agarose or carbonate in the HAp. 28012416 1 62 from reaction 243:250 arg1 tissues 267:273 the damaged tissues 255:273 the damaged tissues 255:273 The powder composites are predominantly used for filling of voids in bone and as drug delivery carrier to prevent the infection or inflammatory reaction in the damaged tissues. 28012416 9 63 theme surface 1303:1309 arg1 area 1311:1314 Specific surface area 1294:1314 Specific surface area of the composites 1294:1332 Specific surface area of the composites was high and exhibited an enhanced amoxicillin and 5-fluorouracil release than the calcined samples. 28012416 1 64 from infection 217:225 arg1 tissues 267:273 the damaged tissues 255:273 the damaged tissues 255:273 The powder composites are predominantly used for filling of voids in bone and as drug delivery carrier to prevent the infection or inflammatory reaction in the damaged tissues. 28012416 13 65 from filling 2022:2028 arg1 applications 2064:2075 bone and drug delivery applications 2041:2075 bone and drug delivery applications 2041:2075 This work provides new insight into the role of agarose coated on bioceramics by solvothermal technique and suggests that CHAp/agarose composites powders are promising materials for filling of void in bone and drug delivery applications. 28012416 13 66 theme composites 1975:1984 arg1 powders 1986:1992 CHAp/agarose composites powders 1962:1992 CHAp/agarose composites powders 1962:1992 This work provides new insight into the role of agarose coated on bioceramics by solvothermal technique and suggests that CHAp/agarose composites powders are promising materials for filling of void in bone and drug delivery applications. 28012416 13 66 theme composites 1975:1984 arg1 materials 2008:2016 promising materials 1998:2016 promising materials for filling of void in bone and drug delivery applications 1998:2075 This work provides new insight into the role of agarose coated on bioceramics by solvothermal technique and suggests that CHAp/agarose composites powders are promising materials for filling of void in bone and drug delivery applications. 28012416 9 67 theme composites 1323:1332 arg1 area 1311:1314 Specific surface area 1294:1314 Specific surface area of the composites 1294:1332 Specific surface area of the composites was high and exhibited an enhanced amoxicillin and 5-fluorouracil release than the calcined samples. 28012416 1 68 theme voids 159:163 arg1 filling 148:154 filling 148:154 filling of voids in bone 148:171 The powder composites are predominantly used for filling of voids in bone and as drug delivery carrier to prevent the infection or inflammatory reaction in the damaged tissues. 28012416 13 69 from void 2033:2036 arg1 applications 2064:2075 bone and drug delivery applications 2041:2075 bone and drug delivery applications 2041:2075 This work provides new insight into the role of agarose coated on bioceramics by solvothermal technique and suggests that CHAp/agarose composites powders are promising materials for filling of void in bone and drug delivery applications. 28012416 6 70 theme 20-30nm 1030:1036 arg1 rods 986:989 rods 986:989 rods with reduced size (40-120nm length and 20-30nm width) 986:1043 The calcination process produced spheres (10-50nm) and rods with reduced size (40-120nm length and 20-30nm width). 28012416 6 70 theme 20-30nm 1030:1036 arg1 width 1038:1042 20-30nm width 1030:1042 20-30nm width 1030:1042 The calcination process produced spheres (10-50nm) and rods with reduced size (40-120nm length and 20-30nm width). 28012416 4 71 theme calcinated 738:747 arg1 samples 749:755 the calcinated samples 734:755 the calcinated samples 734:755 The phase of the as-synthesized powder was CHAp/agarose whereas the calcinated samples were non-stoichiometric HAp. 28012416 4 71 theme calcinated 738:747 arg1 HAp 781:783 non-stoichiometric HAp 762:783 non-stoichiometric HAp 762:783 The phase of the as-synthesized powder was CHAp/agarose whereas the calcinated samples were non-stoichiometric HAp. 28012416 11 72 theme drug 1569:1572 arg1 release 1591:1597 prolonged drug (AMX and 5-Fcil) release 1559:1597 prolonged drug (AMX and 5-Fcil) release 1559:1597 The ST120 showed prolonged drug (AMX and 5-Fcil) release and antimicrobial efficacy than ST150 and calcined samples. 28012416 12 73 theme quality 1744:1750 arg1 crystalline 1752:1762 high quality crystalline 1739:1762 high quality crystalline 1739:1762 This technique would be simple and rapid for composites preparation, to produce high quality crystalline, resorbable, mesoporous and bioactive nanocomposite (CHAp/agarose) powders. 28012416 9 74 theme enhanced 1360:1367 arg1 release 1400:1406 an enhanced amoxicillin and 5-fluorouracil release 1357:1406 an enhanced amoxicillin and 5-fluorouracil release than the calcined samples 1357:1432 Specific surface area of the composites was high and exhibited an enhanced amoxicillin and 5-fluorouracil release than the calcined samples. 28012416 12 75 theme composites 1704:1713 arg1 preparation 1715:1725 composites preparation 1704:1725 composites preparation 1704:1725 This technique would be simple and rapid for composites preparation, to produce high quality crystalline, resorbable, mesoporous and bioactive nanocomposite (CHAp/agarose) powders. 28012416 11 76 dep drug 1569:1572 arg1 5-Fcil 1583:1588 5-Fcil 1583:1588 5-Fcil 1583:1588 The ST120 showed prolonged drug (AMX and 5-Fcil) release and antimicrobial efficacy than ST150 and calcined samples. 28012416 11 76 dep drug 1569:1572 arg1 AMX 1575:1577 AMX 1575:1577 AMX 1575:1577 The ST120 showed prolonged drug (AMX and 5-Fcil) release and antimicrobial efficacy than ST150 and calcined samples. 28012416 13 77 theme solvothermal 1921:1932 arg1 technique 1934:1942 solvothermal technique 1921:1942 solvothermal technique 1921:1942 This work provides new insight into the role of agarose coated on bioceramics by solvothermal technique and suggests that CHAp/agarose composites powders are promising materials for filling of void in bone and drug delivery applications. 28012416 3 78 theme nanosized 454:462 arg1 hydroxyapatite/agarose 475:496 Mesoporous, nanosized carbonated hydroxyapatite/agarose 442:496 hydroxyapatite/agarose 475:496 Mesoporous, nanosized carbonated hydroxyapatite/agarose (CHAp/agarose) powder composites were prepared by solvothermal method and subsequently calcined to study the physico-chemical changes, if it subjected to thermal exposure. 28012416 3 78 theme nanosized 454:462 arg1 CHAp/agarose 499:510 CHAp/agarose 499:510 CHAp/agarose 499:510 Mesoporous, nanosized carbonated hydroxyapatite/agarose (CHAp/agarose) powder composites were prepared by solvothermal method and subsequently calcined to study the physico-chemical changes, if it subjected to thermal exposure. 28012416 0 79 theme encapsulated 8:19 arg1 hydroxyapatite 43:56 Agarose encapsulated mesoporous carbonated hydroxyapatite 0:56 Agarose encapsulated mesoporous carbonated hydroxyapatite 0:56 Agarose encapsulated mesoporous carbonated hydroxyapatite nanocomposites powder for drug delivery. 28012416 1 80 theme powder 103:108 arg1 composites 110:119 The powder composites 99:119 The powder composites 99:119 The powder composites are predominantly used for filling of voids in bone and as drug delivery carrier to prevent the infection or inflammatory reaction in the damaged tissues. 28012416 1 80 theme powder 103:108 arg1 carrier 194:200 drug delivery carrier 180:200 drug delivery carrier 180:200 The powder composites are predominantly used for filling of voids in bone and as drug delivery carrier to prevent the infection or inflammatory reaction in the damaged tissues. 28012416 3 81 theme Mesoporous 442:451 arg1 hydroxyapatite/agarose 475:496 Mesoporous, nanosized carbonated hydroxyapatite/agarose 442:496 hydroxyapatite/agarose 475:496 Mesoporous, nanosized carbonated hydroxyapatite/agarose (CHAp/agarose) powder composites were prepared by solvothermal method and subsequently calcined to study the physico-chemical changes, if it subjected to thermal exposure. 28012416 3 81 theme Mesoporous 442:451 arg1 CHAp/agarose 499:510 CHAp/agarose 499:510 CHAp/agarose 499:510 Mesoporous, nanosized carbonated hydroxyapatite/agarose (CHAp/agarose) powder composites were prepared by solvothermal method and subsequently calcined to study the physico-chemical changes, if it subjected to thermal exposure. 28012416 0 82 theme carbonated 32:41 arg1 hydroxyapatite 43:56 Agarose encapsulated mesoporous carbonated hydroxyapatite 0:56 Agarose encapsulated mesoporous carbonated hydroxyapatite 0:56 Agarose encapsulated mesoporous carbonated hydroxyapatite nanocomposites powder for drug delivery. 28012416 2 83 theme hydroxyapatite 369:382 arg1 powder 384:389 carbonated hydroxyapatite powder 358:389 carbonated hydroxyapatite powder 358:389 The objective of this work was to study the synthesis of agarose encapsulation on carbonated hydroxyapatite powder and their biological and drug delivery properties. 28012416 5 84 theme width 839:843 arg1 nanorods 803:810 The CHAp/agarose nanorods 786:810 The CHAp/agarose nanorods 786:810 The CHAp/agarose nanorods were of length 10-80nm and width 40-190nm for the samples synthesized at temperatures 120°C (ST120) and 150°C (ST150). 28012416 5 84 theme width 839:843 arg1 40-190nm 845:852 40-190nm 845:852 40-190nm 845:852 The CHAp/agarose nanorods were of length 10-80nm and width 40-190nm for the samples synthesized at temperatures 120°C (ST120) and 150°C (ST150). 28012416 3 85 theme hydroxyapatite/agarose 475:496 arg1 composites 520:529 Mesoporous, nanosized carbonated hydroxyapatite/agarose (CHAp/agarose) powder composites 442:529 Mesoporous, nanosized carbonated hydroxyapatite/agarose (CHAp/agarose) powder composites 442:529 Mesoporous, nanosized carbonated hydroxyapatite/agarose (CHAp/agarose) powder composites were prepared by solvothermal method and subsequently calcined to study the physico-chemical changes, if it subjected to thermal exposure. 28012416 7 86 theme gravimetric 1180:1190 arg1 method 1192:1197 gravimetric method 1180:1197 gravimetric method 1180:1197 Composites were partially dissolved in SBF solution followed by exhibited better bioactivity than non-stoichiometric HAp confirmed by gravimetric method. 28012416 1 87 dep infection 217:225 arg1 the 213:215 the 213:215 the 213:215 The powder composites are predominantly used for filling of voids in bone and as drug delivery carrier to prevent the infection or inflammatory reaction in the damaged tissues. 28012416 13 88 theme drug 2050:2053 arg1 delivery 2055:2062 drug delivery 2050:2062 drug delivery 2050:2062 This work provides new insight into the role of agarose coated on bioceramics by solvothermal technique and suggests that CHAp/agarose composites powders are promising materials for filling of void in bone and drug delivery applications. 28012416 3 89 theme powder 513:518 arg1 composites 520:529 Mesoporous, nanosized carbonated hydroxyapatite/agarose (CHAp/agarose) powder composites 442:529 Mesoporous, nanosized carbonated hydroxyapatite/agarose (CHAp/agarose) powder composites 442:529 Mesoporous, nanosized carbonated hydroxyapatite/agarose (CHAp/agarose) powder composites were prepared by solvothermal method and subsequently calcined to study the physico-chemical changes, if it subjected to thermal exposure. 28012416 1 90 theme inflammatory 230:241 arg1 reaction 243:250 inflammatory reaction 230:250 inflammatory reaction 230:250 The powder composites are predominantly used for filling of voids in bone and as drug delivery carrier to prevent the infection or inflammatory reaction in the damaged tissues. 28012416 2 91 theme carbonated 358:367 arg1 powder 384:389 carbonated hydroxyapatite powder 358:389 carbonated hydroxyapatite powder 358:389 The objective of this work was to study the synthesis of agarose encapsulation on carbonated hydroxyapatite powder and their biological and drug delivery properties. 27029891 8 0 theme cell 1245:1248 arg1 viability 1250:1258 excellent ex vivo cell viability 1227:1258 excellent ex vivo cell viability 1227:1258 Because the composites are functionalized with polyethylene glycol, the prepared bio-artificial tissue-like constructs also display excellent ex vivo cell viability and proliferation. 27029891 11 1 theme target 1776:1781 arg1 tissue 1783:1788 the potential target tissue 1762:1788 the potential target tissue 1762:1788 Altogether, our results suggest that the inclusion of magnetic core-shell nanocomposites into biomaterials would enable tissue engineering of artificial substitutes whose mechanical properties could be tuned to match those of the potential target tissue. 27029891 12 2 theme good 1819:1822 arg1 beneficial 1890:1899 beneficial 1890:1899 beneficial 1890:1899 In a wider perspective, the good biocompatibility and magnetic behavior of the composites could be beneficial for many other applications. 27029891 12 2 theme good 1819:1822 arg1 behavior 1854:1861 the good biocompatibility and magnetic behavior 1815:1861 the good biocompatibility and magnetic behavior of the composites 1815:1879 In a wider perspective, the good biocompatibility and magnetic behavior of the composites could be beneficial for many other applications. 27029891 5 3 theme magnetic 731:738 arg1 layer 740:744 the magnetic layer 727:744 the magnetic layer 727:744 Second, the magnetic response of core-shell nanocomposites can be tuned by changing the thickness of the magnetic layer. 27029891 1 4 theme field-responsive 183:198 arg1 tissues 211:217 magnetic field-responsive engineered tissues 174:217 magnetic field-responsive engineered tissues 174:217 The inclusion of magnetic nanoparticles into biopolymer matrixes enables the preparation of magnetic field-responsive engineered tissues. 27029891 6 5 theme mechanical 888:897 arg1 properties 899:908 mechanical properties 888:908 mechanical properties 888:908 The incorporation of the composites into biopolymer hydrogels containing cells results in magnetic field-responsive engineered tissues whose mechanical properties can be controlled by external magnetic forces. 27029891 1 6 theme engineered 200:209 arg1 tissues 211:217 magnetic field-responsive engineered tissues 174:217 magnetic field-responsive engineered tissues 174:217 The inclusion of magnetic nanoparticles into biopolymer matrixes enables the preparation of magnetic field-responsive engineered tissues. 27029891 11 7 theme nanocomposites 1610:1623 arg1 inclusion 1577:1585 the inclusion 1573:1585 the inclusion of magnetic core-shell nanocomposites into biomaterials 1573:1641 Altogether, our results suggest that the inclusion of magnetic core-shell nanocomposites into biomaterials would enable tissue engineering of artificial substitutes whose mechanical properties could be tuned to match those of the potential target tissue. 27029891 6 8 theme magnetic 837:844 arg1 tissues 874:880 magnetic field-responsive engineered tissues 837:880 magnetic field-responsive engineered tissues whose mechanical properties can be controlled by external magnetic forces 837:954 The incorporation of the composites into biopolymer hydrogels containing cells results in magnetic field-responsive engineered tissues whose mechanical properties can be controlled by external magnetic forces. 27029891 7 9 theme tissues 1043:1049 arg1 moduli 1018:1023 the viscoelastic moduli 1001:1023 the viscoelastic moduli of the engineered tissues when exposed to an external magnetic field 1001:1092 Indeed, we obtain a significant increase of the viscoelastic moduli of the engineered tissues when exposed to an external magnetic field. 27029891 5 10 theme magnetic 638:645 arg1 response 647:654 the magnetic response 634:654 the magnetic response of core-shell nanocomposites 634:683 Second, the magnetic response of core-shell nanocomposites can be tuned by changing the thickness of the magnetic layer. 27029891 2 11 theme magnetic 343:350 arg1 shell 352:356 a magnetic shell 341:356 a magnetic shell 341:356 Here we describe a synthetic route to prepare biocompatible core-shell nanostructures consisting of a polymeric core and a magnetic shell, which are used for this purpose. 27029891 12 12 theme many 1905:1908 arg1 applications 1916:1927 many other applications 1905:1927 many other applications 1905:1927 In a wider perspective, the good biocompatibility and magnetic behavior of the composites could be beneficial for many other applications. 27029891 8 13 theme excellent 1227:1235 arg1 viability 1250:1258 excellent ex vivo cell viability 1227:1258 excellent ex vivo cell viability 1227:1258 Because the composites are functionalized with polyethylene glycol, the prepared bio-artificial tissue-like constructs also display excellent ex vivo cell viability and proliferation. 27029891 5 14 theme core-shell 659:668 arg1 nanocomposites 670:683 core-shell nanocomposites 659:683 core-shell nanocomposites 659:683 Second, the magnetic response of core-shell nanocomposites can be tuned by changing the thickness of the magnetic layer. 27029891 6 15 theme engineered 863:872 arg1 tissues 874:880 magnetic field-responsive engineered tissues 837:880 magnetic field-responsive engineered tissues whose mechanical properties can be controlled by external magnetic forces 837:954 The incorporation of the composites into biopolymer hydrogels containing cells results in magnetic field-responsive engineered tissues whose mechanical properties can be controlled by external magnetic forces. 27029891 1 16 theme tissues 211:217 arg1 preparation 159:169 the preparation 155:169 the preparation of magnetic field-responsive engineered tissues 155:217 The inclusion of magnetic nanoparticles into biopolymer matrixes enables the preparation of magnetic field-responsive engineered tissues. 27029891 12 17 theme other 1910:1914 arg1 applications 1916:1927 many other applications 1905:1927 many other applications 1905:1927 In a wider perspective, the good biocompatibility and magnetic behavior of the composites could be beneficial for many other applications. 27029891 5 18 theme nanocomposites 670:683 arg1 response 647:654 the magnetic response 634:654 the magnetic response of core-shell nanocomposites 634:683 Second, the magnetic response of core-shell nanocomposites can be tuned by changing the thickness of the magnetic layer. 27029891 6 19 theme field-responsive 846:861 arg1 tissues 874:880 magnetic field-responsive engineered tissues 837:880 magnetic field-responsive engineered tissues whose mechanical properties can be controlled by external magnetic forces 837:954 The incorporation of the composites into biopolymer hydrogels containing cells results in magnetic field-responsive engineered tissues whose mechanical properties can be controlled by external magnetic forces. 27029891 0 20 theme Biocompatible 0:12 arg1 core-shell 23:32 Biocompatible magnetic core-shell 0:32 Biocompatible magnetic core-shell 0:32 Biocompatible magnetic core-shell nanocomposites for engineered magnetic tissues. 27029891 12 21 theme wider 1796:1800 arg1 perspective 1802:1812 a wider perspective 1794:1812 a wider perspective 1794:1812 In a wider perspective, the good biocompatibility and magnetic behavior of the composites could be beneficial for many other applications. 27029891 0 22 theme magnetic 14:21 arg1 core-shell 23:32 Biocompatible magnetic core-shell 0:32 Biocompatible magnetic core-shell 0:32 Biocompatible magnetic core-shell nanocomposites for engineered magnetic tissues. 27029891 8 23 dep ex 1237:1238 arg1 vivo 1240:1243 vivo 1240:1243 vivo 1240:1243 Because the composites are functionalized with polyethylene glycol, the prepared bio-artificial tissue-like constructs also display excellent ex vivo cell viability and proliferation. 27029891 2 24 used used 369:372 arg2 shell 352:356 a magnetic shell 341:356 a magnetic shell 341:356 Here we describe a synthetic route to prepare biocompatible core-shell nanostructures consisting of a polymeric core and a magnetic shell, which are used for this purpose. 27029891 2 24 used used 369:372 arg2 core 332:335 a polymeric core 320:335 a polymeric core 320:335 Here we describe a synthetic route to prepare biocompatible core-shell nanostructures consisting of a polymeric core and a magnetic shell, which are used for this purpose. 27029891 1 25 theme magnetic 99:106 arg1 nanoparticles 108:120 magnetic nanoparticles 99:120 magnetic nanoparticles 99:120 The inclusion of magnetic nanoparticles into biopolymer matrixes enables the preparation of magnetic field-responsive engineered tissues. 27029891 12 26 from beneficial 1890:1899 arg1 perspective 1802:1812 a wider perspective 1794:1812 a wider perspective 1794:1812 In a wider perspective, the good biocompatibility and magnetic behavior of the composites could be beneficial for many other applications. 27029891 3 27 theme core-shell 413:422 arg1 architecture 424:435 a core-shell architecture 411:435 a core-shell architecture 411:435 We show that using a core-shell architecture is doubly advantageous. 27029891 8 28 theme polyethylene 1142:1153 arg1 glycol 1155:1160 polyethylene glycol 1142:1160 polyethylene glycol 1142:1160 Because the composites are functionalized with polyethylene glycol, the prepared bio-artificial tissue-like constructs also display excellent ex vivo cell viability and proliferation. 27029891 9 29 theme engineered 1307:1316 arg1 tissues 1318:1324 the engineered tissues 1303:1324 the engineered tissues 1303:1324 When implanted in vivo, the engineered tissues show good biocompatibility and outstanding interaction with the host tissue. 27029891 1 30 theme nanoparticles 108:120 arg1 inclusion 86:94 The inclusion 82:94 The inclusion of magnetic nanoparticles into biopolymer matrixes 82:145 The inclusion of magnetic nanoparticles into biopolymer matrixes enables the preparation of magnetic field-responsive engineered tissues. 27029891 9 31 theme good 1331:1334 arg1 biocompatibility 1336:1351 good biocompatibility 1331:1351 good biocompatibility 1331:1351 When implanted in vivo, the engineered tissues show good biocompatibility and outstanding interaction with the host tissue. 27029891 6 32 contain containing 809:818 arg2 cells 820:824 cells 820:824 cells 820:824 The incorporation of the composites into biopolymer hydrogels containing cells results in magnetic field-responsive engineered tissues whose mechanical properties can be controlled by external magnetic forces. 27029891 6 32 contain containing 809:818 arg1 hydrogels 799:807 biopolymer hydrogels 788:807 biopolymer hydrogels containing cells 788:824 The incorporation of the composites into biopolymer hydrogels containing cells results in magnetic field-responsive engineered tissues whose mechanical properties can be controlled by external magnetic forces. 27029891 11 33 theme artificial 1678:1687 arg1 engineering 1663:1673 tissue engineering 1656:1673 tissue engineering of artificial substitutes whose mechanical properties could be tuned to match those of the potential target tissue 1656:1788 Altogether, our results suggest that the inclusion of magnetic core-shell nanocomposites into biomaterials would enable tissue engineering of artificial substitutes whose mechanical properties could be tuned to match those of the potential target tissue. 27029891 5 34 theme layer 740:744 arg1 thickness 714:722 the thickness 710:722 the thickness of the magnetic layer 710:744 Second, the magnetic response of core-shell nanocomposites can be tuned by changing the thickness of the magnetic layer. 27029891 11 35 theme tissue 1656:1661 arg1 engineering 1663:1673 tissue engineering 1656:1673 tissue engineering of artificial substitutes whose mechanical properties could be tuned to match those of the potential target tissue 1656:1788 Altogether, our results suggest that the inclusion of magnetic core-shell nanocomposites into biomaterials would enable tissue engineering of artificial substitutes whose mechanical properties could be tuned to match those of the potential target tissue. 27029891 7 36 theme engineered 1032:1041 arg1 tissues 1043:1049 the engineered tissues 1028:1049 the engineered tissues when exposed to an external magnetic field 1028:1092 Indeed, we obtain a significant increase of the viscoelastic moduli of the engineered tissues when exposed to an external magnetic field. 27029891 11 37 theme mechanical 1707:1716 arg1 properties 1718:1727 mechanical properties 1707:1727 mechanical properties 1707:1727 Altogether, our results suggest that the inclusion of magnetic core-shell nanocomposites into biomaterials would enable tissue engineering of artificial substitutes whose mechanical properties could be tuned to match those of the potential target tissue. 27029891 4 38 theme polymer 612:618 arg1 core 620:623 the light polymer core 602:623 the light polymer core 602:623 First, gravitational settling for core-shell nanocomposites is slower because of the reduction of the composite average density connected to the light polymer core. 27029891 10 39 theme localized 1431:1439 arg1 reaction 1465:1472 a localized transitory inflammatory reaction 1429:1472 a localized transitory inflammatory reaction 1429:1472 Actually, they only cause a localized transitory inflammatory reaction at the implantation site, without any effect on other organs. 27029891 1 40 theme biopolymer 127:136 arg1 matrixes 138:145 biopolymer matrixes 127:145 biopolymer matrixes 127:145 The inclusion of magnetic nanoparticles into biopolymer matrixes enables the preparation of magnetic field-responsive engineered tissues. 27029891 10 41 theme other 1522:1526 arg1 organs 1528:1533 other organs 1522:1533 other organs 1522:1533 Actually, they only cause a localized transitory inflammatory reaction at the implantation site, without any effect on other organs. 27029891 0 42 theme engineered 53:62 arg1 tissues 73:79 engineered magnetic tissues 53:79 engineered magnetic tissues 53:79 Biocompatible magnetic core-shell nanocomposites for engineered magnetic tissues. 27029891 4 43 theme light 606:610 arg1 core 620:623 the light polymer core 602:623 the light polymer core 602:623 First, gravitational settling for core-shell nanocomposites is slower because of the reduction of the composite average density connected to the light polymer core. 27029891 8 44 theme bio-artificial 1176:1189 arg1 constructs 1203:1212 the prepared bio-artificial tissue-like constructs 1163:1212 the prepared bio-artificial tissue-like constructs 1163:1212 Because the composites are functionalized with polyethylene glycol, the prepared bio-artificial tissue-like constructs also display excellent ex vivo cell viability and proliferation. 27029891 6 45 theme magnetic 940:947 arg1 forces 949:954 external magnetic forces 931:954 external magnetic forces 931:954 The incorporation of the composites into biopolymer hydrogels containing cells results in magnetic field-responsive engineered tissues whose mechanical properties can be controlled by external magnetic forces. 27029891 2 46 theme core-shell 280:289 arg1 nanostructures 291:304 biocompatible core-shell nanostructures 266:304 biocompatible core-shell nanostructures consisting of a polymeric core and a magnetic shell, which are used for this purpose 266:389 Here we describe a synthetic route to prepare biocompatible core-shell nanostructures consisting of a polymeric core and a magnetic shell, which are used for this purpose. 27029891 12 47 theme magnetic 1845:1852 arg1 beneficial 1890:1899 beneficial 1890:1899 beneficial 1890:1899 In a wider perspective, the good biocompatibility and magnetic behavior of the composites could be beneficial for many other applications. 27029891 12 47 theme magnetic 1845:1852 arg1 behavior 1854:1861 the good biocompatibility and magnetic behavior 1815:1861 the good biocompatibility and magnetic behavior of the composites 1815:1879 In a wider perspective, the good biocompatibility and magnetic behavior of the composites could be beneficial for many other applications. 27029891 11 48 theme magnetic 1590:1597 arg1 nanocomposites 1610:1623 magnetic core-shell nanocomposites 1590:1623 magnetic core-shell nanocomposites 1590:1623 Altogether, our results suggest that the inclusion of magnetic core-shell nanocomposites into biomaterials would enable tissue engineering of artificial substitutes whose mechanical properties could be tuned to match those of the potential target tissue. 27029891 4 49 theme average 573:579 arg1 density 581:587 the composite average density 559:587 the composite average density connected to the light polymer core 559:623 First, gravitational settling for core-shell nanocomposites is slower because of the reduction of the composite average density connected to the light polymer core. 27029891 8 50 theme prepared 1167:1174 arg1 constructs 1203:1212 the prepared bio-artificial tissue-like constructs 1163:1212 the prepared bio-artificial tissue-like constructs 1163:1212 Because the composites are functionalized with polyethylene glycol, the prepared bio-artificial tissue-like constructs also display excellent ex vivo cell viability and proliferation. 27029891 6 51 theme external 931:938 arg1 forces 949:954 external magnetic forces 931:954 external magnetic forces 931:954 The incorporation of the composites into biopolymer hydrogels containing cells results in magnetic field-responsive engineered tissues whose mechanical properties can be controlled by external magnetic forces. 27029891 2 52 theme biocompatible 266:278 arg1 nanostructures 291:304 biocompatible core-shell nanostructures 266:304 biocompatible core-shell nanostructures consisting of a polymeric core and a magnetic shell, which are used for this purpose 266:389 Here we describe a synthetic route to prepare biocompatible core-shell nanostructures consisting of a polymeric core and a magnetic shell, which are used for this purpose. 27029891 10 53 theme inflammatory 1452:1463 arg1 reaction 1465:1472 a localized transitory inflammatory reaction 1429:1472 a localized transitory inflammatory reaction 1429:1472 Actually, they only cause a localized transitory inflammatory reaction at the implantation site, without any effect on other organs. 27029891 4 54 theme composite 563:571 arg1 density 581:587 the composite average density 559:587 the composite average density connected to the light polymer core 559:623 First, gravitational settling for core-shell nanocomposites is slower because of the reduction of the composite average density connected to the light polymer core. 27029891 4 55 theme core-shell 495:504 arg1 nanocomposites 506:519 core-shell nanocomposites 495:519 core-shell nanocomposites 495:519 First, gravitational settling for core-shell nanocomposites is slower because of the reduction of the composite average density connected to the light polymer core. 27029891 10 56 theme transitory 1441:1450 arg1 reaction 1465:1472 a localized transitory inflammatory reaction 1429:1472 a localized transitory inflammatory reaction 1429:1472 Actually, they only cause a localized transitory inflammatory reaction at the implantation site, without any effect on other organs. 27029891 11 57 theme potential 1766:1774 arg1 tissue 1783:1788 the potential target tissue 1762:1788 the potential target tissue 1762:1788 Altogether, our results suggest that the inclusion of magnetic core-shell nanocomposites into biomaterials would enable tissue engineering of artificial substitutes whose mechanical properties could be tuned to match those of the potential target tissue. 27029891 0 58 theme magnetic 64:71 arg1 tissues 73:79 engineered magnetic tissues 53:79 engineered magnetic tissues 53:79 Biocompatible magnetic core-shell nanocomposites for engineered magnetic tissues. 27029891 8 59 theme tissue-like 1191:1201 arg1 constructs 1203:1212 the prepared bio-artificial tissue-like constructs 1163:1212 the prepared bio-artificial tissue-like constructs 1163:1212 Because the composites are functionalized with polyethylene glycol, the prepared bio-artificial tissue-like constructs also display excellent ex vivo cell viability and proliferation. 27029891 9 60 theme outstanding 1357:1367 arg1 interaction 1369:1379 outstanding interaction 1357:1379 outstanding interaction 1357:1379 When implanted in vivo, the engineered tissues show good biocompatibility and outstanding interaction with the host tissue. 27029891 7 61 theme viscoelastic 1005:1016 arg1 moduli 1018:1023 the viscoelastic moduli 1001:1023 the viscoelastic moduli of the engineered tissues when exposed to an external magnetic field 1001:1092 Indeed, we obtain a significant increase of the viscoelastic moduli of the engineered tissues when exposed to an external magnetic field. 27029891 7 62 theme external 1070:1077 arg1 field 1088:1092 an external magnetic field 1067:1092 an external magnetic field 1067:1092 Indeed, we obtain a significant increase of the viscoelastic moduli of the engineered tissues when exposed to an external magnetic field. 27029891 7 63 theme significant 977:987 arg1 increase 989:996 a significant increase 975:996 a significant increase of the viscoelastic moduli of the engineered tissues when exposed to an external magnetic field 975:1092 Indeed, we obtain a significant increase of the viscoelastic moduli of the engineered tissues when exposed to an external magnetic field. 27029891 4 64 theme density 581:587 arg1 reduction 546:554 the reduction 542:554 the reduction of the composite average density connected to the light polymer core 542:623 First, gravitational settling for core-shell nanocomposites is slower because of the reduction of the composite average density connected to the light polymer core. 27029891 2 65 theme synthetic 239:247 arg1 route 249:253 a synthetic route 237:253 a synthetic route to prepare biocompatible core-shell nanostructures consisting of a polymeric core and a magnetic shell, which are used for this purpose 237:389 Here we describe a synthetic route to prepare biocompatible core-shell nanostructures consisting of a polymeric core and a magnetic shell, which are used for this purpose. 27029891 6 66 theme biopolymer 788:797 arg1 hydrogels 799:807 biopolymer hydrogels 788:807 biopolymer hydrogels containing cells 788:824 The incorporation of the composites into biopolymer hydrogels containing cells results in magnetic field-responsive engineered tissues whose mechanical properties can be controlled by external magnetic forces. 27029891 11 67 theme core-shell 1599:1608 arg1 nanocomposites 1610:1623 magnetic core-shell nanocomposites 1590:1623 magnetic core-shell nanocomposites 1590:1623 Altogether, our results suggest that the inclusion of magnetic core-shell nanocomposites into biomaterials would enable tissue engineering of artificial substitutes whose mechanical properties could be tuned to match those of the potential target tissue. 27029891 2 68 theme polymeric 322:330 arg1 core 332:335 a polymeric core 320:335 a polymeric core 320:335 Here we describe a synthetic route to prepare biocompatible core-shell nanostructures consisting of a polymeric core and a magnetic shell, which are used for this purpose. 27029891 12 69 from perspective 1802:1812 arg1 beneficial 1890:1899 beneficial 1890:1899 beneficial 1890:1899 In a wider perspective, the good biocompatibility and magnetic behavior of the composites could be beneficial for many other applications. 27029891 12 69 from perspective 1802:1812 arg1 behavior 1854:1861 the good biocompatibility and magnetic behavior 1815:1861 the good biocompatibility and magnetic behavior of the composites 1815:1879 In a wider perspective, the good biocompatibility and magnetic behavior of the composites could be beneficial for many other applications. 27029891 10 70 theme implantation 1481:1492 arg1 site 1494:1497 the implantation site 1477:1497 the implantation site 1477:1497 Actually, they only cause a localized transitory inflammatory reaction at the implantation site, without any effect on other organs. 27029891 10 71 from effect 1512:1517 arg1 organs 1528:1533 other organs 1522:1533 other organs 1522:1533 Actually, they only cause a localized transitory inflammatory reaction at the implantation site, without any effect on other organs. 27029891 8 72 theme ex 1237:1238 arg1 viability 1250:1258 excellent ex vivo cell viability 1227:1258 excellent ex vivo cell viability 1227:1258 Because the composites are functionalized with polyethylene glycol, the prepared bio-artificial tissue-like constructs also display excellent ex vivo cell viability and proliferation. 27029891 7 73 theme magnetic 1079:1086 arg1 field 1088:1092 an external magnetic field 1067:1092 an external magnetic field 1067:1092 Indeed, we obtain a significant increase of the viscoelastic moduli of the engineered tissues when exposed to an external magnetic field. 27029891 6 74 theme composites 772:781 arg1 incorporation 751:763 The incorporation 747:763 The incorporation of the composites into biopolymer hydrogels containing cells 747:824 The incorporation of the composites into biopolymer hydrogels containing cells results in magnetic field-responsive engineered tissues whose mechanical properties can be controlled by external magnetic forces. 27029891 12 75 theme biocompatibility 1824:1839 arg1 beneficial 1890:1899 beneficial 1890:1899 beneficial 1890:1899 In a wider perspective, the good biocompatibility and magnetic behavior of the composites could be beneficial for many other applications. 27029891 12 75 theme biocompatibility 1824:1839 arg1 behavior 1854:1861 the good biocompatibility and magnetic behavior 1815:1861 the good biocompatibility and magnetic behavior of the composites 1815:1879 In a wider perspective, the good biocompatibility and magnetic behavior of the composites could be beneficial for many other applications. 27029891 7 76 theme moduli 1018:1023 arg1 increase 989:996 a significant increase 975:996 a significant increase of the viscoelastic moduli of the engineered tissues when exposed to an external magnetic field 975:1092 Indeed, we obtain a significant increase of the viscoelastic moduli of the engineered tissues when exposed to an external magnetic field. 27029891 9 77 theme host 1390:1393 arg1 tissue 1395:1400 the host tissue 1386:1400 the host tissue 1386:1400 When implanted in vivo, the engineered tissues show good biocompatibility and outstanding interaction with the host tissue. 27029891 12 78 theme composites 1870:1879 arg1 beneficial 1890:1899 beneficial 1890:1899 beneficial 1890:1899 In a wider perspective, the good biocompatibility and magnetic behavior of the composites could be beneficial for many other applications. 27029891 12 78 theme composites 1870:1879 arg1 behavior 1854:1861 the good biocompatibility and magnetic behavior 1815:1861 the good biocompatibility and magnetic behavior of the composites 1815:1879 In a wider perspective, the good biocompatibility and magnetic behavior of the composites could be beneficial for many other applications. 27029891 1 79 theme magnetic 174:181 arg1 tissues 211:217 magnetic field-responsive engineered tissues 174:217 magnetic field-responsive engineered tissues 174:217 The inclusion of magnetic nanoparticles into biopolymer matrixes enables the preparation of magnetic field-responsive engineered tissues. 27029891 11 80 dep artificial 1678:1687 arg1 substitutes 1689:1699 substitutes 1689:1699 substitutes 1689:1699 Altogether, our results suggest that the inclusion of magnetic core-shell nanocomposites into biomaterials would enable tissue engineering of artificial substitutes whose mechanical properties could be tuned to match those of the potential target tissue. 28866192 5 0 theme Isoxsuprine 820:830 arg1 hydrochloride 832:844 Isoxsuprine hydrochloride 820:844 Isoxsuprine hydrochloride 820:844 A square-wave adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry method successfully measured Isoxsuprine hydrochloride using different types of nanocomposite modified CPEs and showed a large enhancement of stripping peak current compared to bare CPE. 28866192 5 1 theme bare 968:971 arg1 CPE 973:975 bare CPE 968:975 bare CPE 968:975 A square-wave adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry method successfully measured Isoxsuprine hydrochloride using different types of nanocomposite modified CPEs and showed a large enhancement of stripping peak current compared to bare CPE. 28866192 4 2 theme significant 605:615 arg1 improvement 617:627 a significant improvement 603:627 a significant improvement in electrical conductivity 603:654 The newly developed nanocomposites also showed a significant improvement in electrical conductivity as mentioned from the cyclic voltammetry measurements of the K3[Fe(CN)6] sample. 28866192 5 3 theme adsorptive 751:760 arg1 method 791:796 A square-wave adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry method 737:796 A square-wave adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry method 737:796 A square-wave adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry method successfully measured Isoxsuprine hydrochloride using different types of nanocomposite modified CPEs and showed a large enhancement of stripping peak current compared to bare CPE. 28866192 4 4 theme electrical 632:641 arg1 conductivity 643:654 electrical conductivity 632:654 electrical conductivity 632:654 The newly developed nanocomposites also showed a significant improvement in electrical conductivity as mentioned from the cyclic voltammetry measurements of the K3[Fe(CN)6] sample. 28866192 0 5 theme electroanalytical 109:125 arg1 application 127:137 electroanalytical application 109:137 electroanalytical application 109:137 Fabrication of biosensor based on Chitosan-ZnO/Polypyrrole nanocomposite modified carbon paste electrode for electroanalytical application. 28866192 6 6 theme proposed 996:1003 arg1 sensors 1005:1011 the proposed sensors 992:1011 the proposed sensors 992:1011 Consequently, the proposed sensors proved to have a promissing feature for applications in biosensors. 28866192 2 7 theme using 328:332 arg1 2S2O8 339:343 pyrrole using (NH4)2S2O8 320:343 pyrrole using (NH4)2S2O8 320:343 The sensor was prepared by oxidative polymerization of pyrrole using (NH4)2S2O8 as the oxidant followed by mixing a Chitosan-Zinc oxide composite with a different content of Chitosan. 28866192 4 8 from improvement 617:627 arg1 conductivity 643:654 electrical conductivity 632:654 electrical conductivity 632:654 The newly developed nanocomposites also showed a significant improvement in electrical conductivity as mentioned from the cyclic voltammetry measurements of the K3[Fe(CN)6] sample. 28866192 3 9 theme nanocomposites 488:501 arg1 morphology 453:462 morphology 453:462 morphology 453:462 The morphology and surface area of the nanocomposites were changed by changing the percentage of chitosan. 28866192 3 9 theme nanocomposites 488:501 arg1 area 476:479 surface area 468:479 surface area 468:479 The morphology and surface area of the nanocomposites were changed by changing the percentage of chitosan. 28866192 2 10 theme pyrrole 320:326 arg1 2S2O8 339:343 pyrrole using (NH4)2S2O8 320:343 pyrrole using (NH4)2S2O8 320:343 The sensor was prepared by oxidative polymerization of pyrrole using (NH4)2S2O8 as the oxidant followed by mixing a Chitosan-Zinc oxide composite with a different content of Chitosan. 28866192 1 11 theme zinc 208:211 arg1 nanoparticles 219:231 zinc oxide nanoparticles 208:231 zinc oxide nanoparticles 208:231 A sensitive conductive nanocomposite sensor consisting of chitosan, zinc oxide nanoparticles, and polypyrrole was developed. 28866192 5 12 theme voltammetry 779:789 arg1 method 791:796 A square-wave adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry method 737:796 A square-wave adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry method 737:796 A square-wave adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry method successfully measured Isoxsuprine hydrochloride using different types of nanocomposite modified CPEs and showed a large enhancement of stripping peak current compared to bare CPE. 28866192 1 13 theme oxide 213:217 arg1 nanoparticles 219:231 zinc oxide nanoparticles 208:231 zinc oxide nanoparticles 208:231 A sensitive conductive nanocomposite sensor consisting of chitosan, zinc oxide nanoparticles, and polypyrrole was developed. 28866192 5 14 theme stripping 933:941 arg1 current 948:954 stripping peak current 933:954 stripping peak current 933:954 A square-wave adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry method successfully measured Isoxsuprine hydrochloride using different types of nanocomposite modified CPEs and showed a large enhancement of stripping peak current compared to bare CPE. 28866192 5 15 theme nanocomposite 871:883 arg1 CPEs 894:897 nanocomposite modified CPEs 871:897 nanocomposite modified CPEs 871:897 A square-wave adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry method successfully measured Isoxsuprine hydrochloride using different types of nanocomposite modified CPEs and showed a large enhancement of stripping peak current compared to bare CPE. 28866192 6 16 theme promissing 1030:1039 arg1 feature 1041:1047 a promissing feature 1028:1047 a promissing feature for applications in biosensors 1028:1078 Consequently, the proposed sensors proved to have a promissing feature for applications in biosensors. 28866192 6 17 from applications 1053:1064 arg1 biosensors 1069:1078 biosensors 1069:1078 biosensors 1069:1078 Consequently, the proposed sensors proved to have a promissing feature for applications in biosensors. 28866192 2 18 theme 2S2O8 339:343 arg1 polymerization 302:315 oxidative polymerization 292:315 oxidative polymerization of pyrrole using (NH4)2S2O8 292:343 The sensor was prepared by oxidative polymerization of pyrrole using (NH4)2S2O8 as the oxidant followed by mixing a Chitosan-Zinc oxide composite with a different content of Chitosan. 28866192 4 19 theme K3[Fe 717:721 arg1 sample 729:734 the K3[Fe(CN)6] sample 713:734 the K3[Fe(CN)6] sample 713:734 The newly developed nanocomposites also showed a significant improvement in electrical conductivity as mentioned from the cyclic voltammetry measurements of the K3[Fe(CN)6] sample. 28866192 5 20 theme modified 885:892 arg1 CPEs 894:897 nanocomposite modified CPEs 871:897 nanocomposite modified CPEs 871:897 A square-wave adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry method successfully measured Isoxsuprine hydrochloride using different types of nanocomposite modified CPEs and showed a large enhancement of stripping peak current compared to bare CPE. 28866192 4 21 theme cyclic 678:683 arg1 measurements 697:708 the cyclic voltammetry measurements 674:708 the cyclic voltammetry measurements of the K3[Fe(CN)6] sample 674:734 The newly developed nanocomposites also showed a significant improvement in electrical conductivity as mentioned from the cyclic voltammetry measurements of the K3[Fe(CN)6] sample. 28866192 0 22 theme biosensor 15:23 arg1 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication of biosensor based on Chitosan-ZnO/Polypyrrole nanocomposite 0:71 Fabrication of biosensor based on Chitosan-ZnO/Polypyrrole nanocomposite modified carbon paste electrode for electroanalytical application. 28866192 2 23 theme NH4 335:337 arg1 2S2O8 339:343 pyrrole using (NH4)2S2O8 320:343 pyrrole using (NH4)2S2O8 320:343 The sensor was prepared by oxidative polymerization of pyrrole using (NH4)2S2O8 as the oxidant followed by mixing a Chitosan-Zinc oxide composite with a different content of Chitosan. 28866192 2 24 theme Chitosan 439:446 arg1 content 428:434 a different content 416:434 a different content of Chitosan 416:446 The sensor was prepared by oxidative polymerization of pyrrole using (NH4)2S2O8 as the oxidant followed by mixing a Chitosan-Zinc oxide composite with a different content of Chitosan. 28866192 0 25 theme Chitosan-ZnO/Polypyrrole 34:57 arg1 nanocomposite 59:71 Chitosan-ZnO/Polypyrrole nanocomposite 34:71 Chitosan-ZnO/Polypyrrole nanocomposite 34:71 Fabrication of biosensor based on Chitosan-ZnO/Polypyrrole nanocomposite modified carbon paste electrode for electroanalytical application. 28866192 4 26 theme sample 729:734 arg1 measurements 697:708 the cyclic voltammetry measurements 674:708 the cyclic voltammetry measurements of the K3[Fe(CN)6] sample 674:734 The newly developed nanocomposites also showed a significant improvement in electrical conductivity as mentioned from the cyclic voltammetry measurements of the K3[Fe(CN)6] sample. 28866192 5 27 theme peak 943:946 arg1 current 948:954 stripping peak current 933:954 stripping peak current 933:954 A square-wave adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry method successfully measured Isoxsuprine hydrochloride using different types of nanocomposite modified CPEs and showed a large enhancement of stripping peak current compared to bare CPE. 28866192 2 28 theme different 418:426 arg1 content 428:434 a different content 416:434 a different content of Chitosan 416:446 The sensor was prepared by oxidative polymerization of pyrrole using (NH4)2S2O8 as the oxidant followed by mixing a Chitosan-Zinc oxide composite with a different content of Chitosan. 28866192 5 29 theme square-wave 739:749 arg1 method 791:796 A square-wave adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry method 737:796 A square-wave adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry method 737:796 A square-wave adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry method successfully measured Isoxsuprine hydrochloride using different types of nanocomposite modified CPEs and showed a large enhancement of stripping peak current compared to bare CPE. 28866192 3 30 dep morphology 453:462 arg1 The 449:451 The 449:451 The 449:451 The morphology and surface area of the nanocomposites were changed by changing the percentage of chitosan. 28866192 4 31 theme voltammetry 685:695 arg1 measurements 697:708 the cyclic voltammetry measurements 674:708 the cyclic voltammetry measurements of the K3[Fe(CN)6] sample 674:734 The newly developed nanocomposites also showed a significant improvement in electrical conductivity as mentioned from the cyclic voltammetry measurements of the K3[Fe(CN)6] sample. 28866192 5 32 theme different 852:860 arg1 types 862:866 different types 852:866 different types of nanocomposite modified CPEs 852:897 A square-wave adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry method successfully measured Isoxsuprine hydrochloride using different types of nanocomposite modified CPEs and showed a large enhancement of stripping peak current compared to bare CPE. 28866192 5 33 theme current 948:954 arg1 enhancement 918:928 a large enhancement 910:928 a large enhancement of stripping peak current 910:954 A square-wave adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry method successfully measured Isoxsuprine hydrochloride using different types of nanocomposite modified CPEs and showed a large enhancement of stripping peak current compared to bare CPE. 28866192 1 34 theme sensitive 142:150 arg1 sensor 177:182 A sensitive conductive nanocomposite sensor 140:182 A sensitive conductive nanocomposite sensor consisting of chitosan, zinc oxide nanoparticles, and polypyrrole 140:248 A sensitive conductive nanocomposite sensor consisting of chitosan, zinc oxide nanoparticles, and polypyrrole was developed. 28866192 4 35 theme developed 566:574 arg1 nanocomposites 576:589 The newly developed nanocomposites 556:589 The newly developed nanocomposites 556:589 The newly developed nanocomposites also showed a significant improvement in electrical conductivity as mentioned from the cyclic voltammetry measurements of the K3[Fe(CN)6] sample. 28866192 1 36 theme conductive 152:161 arg1 sensor 177:182 A sensitive conductive nanocomposite sensor 140:182 A sensitive conductive nanocomposite sensor consisting of chitosan, zinc oxide nanoparticles, and polypyrrole 140:248 A sensitive conductive nanocomposite sensor consisting of chitosan, zinc oxide nanoparticles, and polypyrrole was developed. 28866192 6 37 contain have 1023:1026 arg1 sensors 1005:1011 the proposed sensors 992:1011 the proposed sensors 992:1011 Consequently, the proposed sensors proved to have a promissing feature for applications in biosensors. 28866192 6 37 contain have 1023:1026 arg2 feature 1041:1047 a promissing feature 1028:1047 a promissing feature for applications in biosensors 1028:1078 Consequently, the proposed sensors proved to have a promissing feature for applications in biosensors. 28866192 1 38 theme nanocomposite 163:175 arg1 sensor 177:182 A sensitive conductive nanocomposite sensor 140:182 A sensitive conductive nanocomposite sensor consisting of chitosan, zinc oxide nanoparticles, and polypyrrole 140:248 A sensitive conductive nanocomposite sensor consisting of chitosan, zinc oxide nanoparticles, and polypyrrole was developed. 28866192 5 39 theme stripping 769:777 arg1 method 791:796 A square-wave adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry method 737:796 A square-wave adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry method 737:796 A square-wave adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry method successfully measured Isoxsuprine hydrochloride using different types of nanocomposite modified CPEs and showed a large enhancement of stripping peak current compared to bare CPE. 28866192 2 40 theme oxidative 292:300 arg1 polymerization 302:315 oxidative polymerization 292:315 oxidative polymerization of pyrrole using (NH4)2S2O8 292:343 The sensor was prepared by oxidative polymerization of pyrrole using (NH4)2S2O8 as the oxidant followed by mixing a Chitosan-Zinc oxide composite with a different content of Chitosan. 28866192 2 41 theme Chitosan-Zinc 381:393 arg1 composite 401:409 a Chitosan-Zinc oxide composite 379:409 a Chitosan-Zinc oxide composite 379:409 The sensor was prepared by oxidative polymerization of pyrrole using (NH4)2S2O8 as the oxidant followed by mixing a Chitosan-Zinc oxide composite with a different content of Chitosan. 28866192 0 42 theme paste 89:93 arg1 electrode 95:103 carbon paste electrode 82:103 carbon paste electrode for electroanalytical application 82:137 Fabrication of biosensor based on Chitosan-ZnO/Polypyrrole nanocomposite modified carbon paste electrode for electroanalytical application. 28866192 5 43 theme large 912:916 arg1 enhancement 918:928 a large enhancement 910:928 a large enhancement of stripping peak current 910:954 A square-wave adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry method successfully measured Isoxsuprine hydrochloride using different types of nanocomposite modified CPEs and showed a large enhancement of stripping peak current compared to bare CPE. 28866192 2 44 theme oxide 395:399 arg1 composite 401:409 a Chitosan-Zinc oxide composite 379:409 a Chitosan-Zinc oxide composite 379:409 The sensor was prepared by oxidative polymerization of pyrrole using (NH4)2S2O8 as the oxidant followed by mixing a Chitosan-Zinc oxide composite with a different content of Chitosan. 28866192 3 45 theme surface 468:474 arg1 area 476:479 surface area 468:479 surface area 468:479 The morphology and surface area of the nanocomposites were changed by changing the percentage of chitosan. 28866192 0 46 theme carbon 82:87 arg1 electrode 95:103 carbon paste electrode 82:103 carbon paste electrode for electroanalytical application 82:137 Fabrication of biosensor based on Chitosan-ZnO/Polypyrrole nanocomposite modified carbon paste electrode for electroanalytical application. 28866192 5 47 theme CPEs 894:897 arg1 types 862:866 different types 852:866 different types of nanocomposite modified CPEs 852:897 A square-wave adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry method successfully measured Isoxsuprine hydrochloride using different types of nanocomposite modified CPEs and showed a large enhancement of stripping peak current compared to bare CPE. 28866192 3 48 theme chitosan 546:553 arg1 percentage 532:541 the percentage 528:541 the percentage of chitosan 528:553 The morphology and surface area of the nanocomposites were changed by changing the percentage of chitosan. 28866192 5 49 theme anodic 762:767 arg1 method 791:796 A square-wave adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry method 737:796 A square-wave adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry method 737:796 A square-wave adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry method successfully measured Isoxsuprine hydrochloride using different types of nanocomposite modified CPEs and showed a large enhancement of stripping peak current compared to bare CPE. 27055487 7 0 from D90 1380:1382 arg1 point 1349:1353 the center point 1338:1353 the center point 1338:1353 The microhardness of the ribbons from the center point as well as the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules produced at these same conditions were characterized. 27055487 7 1 theme ribbons 1325:1331 arg1 microhardness 1304:1316 The microhardness 1300:1316 The microhardness of the ribbons from the center point as well as the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules produced at these same conditions 1300:1457 The microhardness of the ribbons from the center point as well as the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules produced at these same conditions were characterized. 27055487 7 1 theme ribbons 1325:1331 arg1 fraction 1398:1405 the fines fraction 1388:1405 the fines fraction 1388:1405 The microhardness of the ribbons from the center point as well as the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules produced at these same conditions were characterized. 27055487 7 1 theme ribbons 1325:1331 arg1 D50 1375:1377 D50 1375:1377 D50 1375:1377 The microhardness of the ribbons from the center point as well as the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules produced at these same conditions were characterized. 27055487 7 1 theme ribbons 1325:1331 arg1 D90 1380:1382 D90 1380:1382 D90 1380:1382 The microhardness of the ribbons from the center point as well as the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules produced at these same conditions were characterized. 27055487 7 1 theme ribbons 1325:1331 arg1 D10 1370:1372 D10 1370:1372 D10 1370:1372 The microhardness of the ribbons from the center point as well as the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules produced at these same conditions were characterized. 27055487 5 2 from compacted 803:811 arg1 Gerteis 842:848 Gerteis 842:848 Gerteis 842:848 These materials were roll compacted in a 3-W-Polygran® 250/50/3 (Gerteis) and the ribbons obtained were collected and milled into granules which were characterized regarding granule size distribution. 27055487 5 2 from compacted 803:811 arg1 250/50/3 832:839 a 3-W-Polygran® 250/50/3 816:839 a 3-W-Polygran® 250/50/3 (Gerteis) 816:849 These materials were roll compacted in a 3-W-Polygran® 250/50/3 (Gerteis) and the ribbons obtained were collected and milled into granules which were characterized regarding granule size distribution. 27055487 1 3 theme specific 164:171 arg1 force 184:188 the specific compaction force 160:188 the specific compaction force 160:188 In roll compaction, the specific compaction force, the gap width and the roll speed are the most important settings as they have a high impact in the products obtained. 27055487 1 3 theme specific 164:171 arg1 compaction 148:157 roll compaction 143:157 roll compaction 143:157 In roll compaction, the specific compaction force, the gap width and the roll speed are the most important settings as they have a high impact in the products obtained. 27055487 6 4 from granules 1112:1119 arg1 D10 1066:1068 the D10 1062:1068 the D10 1062:1068 After statistical evaluation, it was found that the most critical factors affecting the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules were the gap width and the specific compaction force, as well as the proportion of MCC together with its quadratic effect and the interaction between force and proportion of MCC. 27055487 6 4 from granules 1112:1119 arg1 D50 1071:1073 D50 1071:1073 D50 1071:1073 After statistical evaluation, it was found that the most critical factors affecting the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules were the gap width and the specific compaction force, as well as the proportion of MCC together with its quadratic effect and the interaction between force and proportion of MCC. 27055487 6 4 from granules 1112:1119 arg1 D90 1076:1078 D90 1076:1078 D90 1076:1078 After statistical evaluation, it was found that the most critical factors affecting the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules were the gap width and the specific compaction force, as well as the proportion of MCC together with its quadratic effect and the interaction between force and proportion of MCC. 27055487 6 4 from granules 1112:1119 arg1 fraction 1094:1101 the fines fraction 1084:1101 the fines fraction from the granules 1084:1119 After statistical evaluation, it was found that the most critical factors affecting the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules were the gap width and the specific compaction force, as well as the proportion of MCC together with its quadratic effect and the interaction between force and proportion of MCC. 27055487 1 5 theme important 237:245 arg1 settings 247:254 the most important settings 228:254 the most important settings as they have a high impact in the products obtained 228:306 In roll compaction, the specific compaction force, the gap width and the roll speed are the most important settings as they have a high impact in the products obtained. 27055487 1 5 theme important 237:245 arg1 speed 218:222 the roll speed 209:222 the roll speed 209:222 In roll compaction, the specific compaction force, the gap width and the roll speed are the most important settings as they have a high impact in the products obtained. 27055487 1 5 theme important 237:245 arg1 width 199:203 the gap width 191:203 the gap width 191:203 In roll compaction, the specific compaction force, the gap width and the roll speed are the most important settings as they have a high impact in the products obtained. 27055487 0 6 theme ribbon 88:93 arg1 microhardness 95:107 ribbon microhardness 88:107 ribbon microhardness 88:107 MCC-mannitol mixtures after roll compaction/dry granulation: percolation thresholds for ribbon microhardness and granule size distribution. 27055487 10 7 theme % 1923:1923 arg1 values 1857:1862 values 1857:1862 values of 34% for the HU (expression of microhardness), 27% and 28% for the D10 and fines, respectively (percolation of MCC) and 84% and 85% for the D50 and D90, respectively (percolation of mannitol) 1857:2056 This resulted in values of 34% for the HU (expression of microhardness), 27% and 28% for the D10 and fines, respectively (percolation of MCC) and 84% and 85% for the D50 and D90, respectively (percolation of mannitol). 27055487 1 8 theme compaction 173:182 arg1 force 184:188 the specific compaction force 160:188 the specific compaction force 160:188 In roll compaction, the specific compaction force, the gap width and the roll speed are the most important settings as they have a high impact in the products obtained. 27055487 1 8 theme compaction 173:182 arg1 compaction 148:157 roll compaction 143:157 roll compaction 143:157 In roll compaction, the specific compaction force, the gap width and the roll speed are the most important settings as they have a high impact in the products obtained. 27055487 10 9 dep respectively 2019:2030 arg1 percolation 2033:2043 percolation 2033:2043 percolation of mannitol 2033:2055 This resulted in values of 34% for the HU (expression of microhardness), 27% and 28% for the D10 and fines, respectively (percolation of MCC) and 84% and 85% for the D50 and D90, respectively (percolation of mannitol). 27055487 0 10 theme granule 113:119 arg1 distribution 126:137 granule size distribution 113:137 granule size distribution 113:137 MCC-mannitol mixtures after roll compaction/dry granulation: percolation thresholds for ribbon microhardness and granule size distribution. 27055487 9 11 theme plastic/brittle 1717:1731 arg1 ratio 1733:1737 the plastic/brittle ratio 1713:1737 the plastic/brittle ratio 1713:1737 In this sense, the percolation theory was applied in order to study further the importance of the plastic/brittle ratio by calculating the percolation threshold or the limit over which the behavior of the system changes. 27055487 6 12 theme fines 1088:1092 arg1 fraction 1094:1101 the fines fraction 1084:1101 the fines fraction from the granules 1084:1119 After statistical evaluation, it was found that the most critical factors affecting the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules were the gap width and the specific compaction force, as well as the proportion of MCC together with its quadratic effect and the interaction between force and proportion of MCC. 27055487 3 13 theme point 520:524 arg1 repetitions 494:504 three repetitions 488:504 three repetitions of the center point 488:524 For this reason, a multilevel full factorial design including these parameters as factors plus three repetitions of the center point was performed for microcrystalline cellulose, mannitol and five binary mixtures (15, 30, 50, 70 and 85% MCC). 27055487 9 14 theme system 1824:1829 arg1 behavior 1808:1815 the behavior 1804:1815 the behavior of the system 1804:1829 In this sense, the percolation theory was applied in order to study further the importance of the plastic/brittle ratio by calculating the percolation threshold or the limit over which the behavior of the system changes. 27055487 6 15 theme specific 1148:1155 arg1 force 1168:1172 the specific compaction force 1144:1172 the specific compaction force 1144:1172 After statistical evaluation, it was found that the most critical factors affecting the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules were the gap width and the specific compaction force, as well as the proportion of MCC together with its quadratic effect and the interaction between force and proportion of MCC. 27055487 8 16 dep composition 1529:1539 arg1 i.e. 1520:1523 i.e. 1520:1523 i.e. 1520:1523 In all the cases, the proportion of MCC, i.e. the composition of the mixture, showed also an important effect on these properties measured. 27055487 6 17 theme critical 1035:1042 arg1 factors 1044:1050 the most critical factors 1026:1050 the most critical factors affecting the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules 1026:1119 After statistical evaluation, it was found that the most critical factors affecting the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules were the gap width and the specific compaction force, as well as the proportion of MCC together with its quadratic effect and the interaction between force and proportion of MCC. 27055487 6 17 theme critical 1035:1042 arg1 width 1134:1138 the gap width 1126:1138 the gap width 1126:1138 After statistical evaluation, it was found that the most critical factors affecting the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules were the gap width and the specific compaction force, as well as the proportion of MCC together with its quadratic effect and the interaction between force and proportion of MCC. 27055487 8 18 theme mixture 1548:1554 arg1 composition 1529:1539 the composition 1525:1539 the composition of the mixture 1525:1554 In all the cases, the proportion of MCC, i.e. the composition of the mixture, showed also an important effect on these properties measured. 27055487 7 19 from fraction 1398:1405 arg1 point 1349:1353 the center point 1338:1353 the center point 1338:1353 The microhardness of the ribbons from the center point as well as the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules produced at these same conditions were characterized. 27055487 9 20 theme ratio 1733:1737 arg1 importance 1699:1708 the importance 1695:1708 the importance of the plastic/brittle ratio 1695:1737 In this sense, the percolation theory was applied in order to study further the importance of the plastic/brittle ratio by calculating the percolation threshold or the limit over which the behavior of the system changes. 27055487 5 21 from 250/50/3 832:839 arg1 compacted 803:811 compacted 803:811 compacted 803:811 These materials were roll compacted in a 3-W-Polygran® 250/50/3 (Gerteis) and the ribbons obtained were collected and milled into granules which were characterized regarding granule size distribution. 27055487 4 22 theme plastic/brittle 707:721 arg1 behavior 723:730 the plastic/brittle behavior 703:730 the plastic/brittle behavior of mixtures for the roll compaction process 703:774 These two reference excipients were chosen in order to investigate the plastic/brittle behavior of mixtures for the roll compaction process. 27055487 0 23 theme size 121:124 arg1 distribution 126:137 granule size distribution 113:137 granule size distribution 113:137 MCC-mannitol mixtures after roll compaction/dry granulation: percolation thresholds for ribbon microhardness and granule size distribution. 27055487 7 24 theme center 1342:1347 arg1 point 1349:1353 the center point 1338:1353 the center point 1338:1353 The microhardness of the ribbons from the center point as well as the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules produced at these same conditions were characterized. 27055487 3 25 theme center 513:518 arg1 point 520:524 the center point 509:524 the center point 509:524 For this reason, a multilevel full factorial design including these parameters as factors plus three repetitions of the center point was performed for microcrystalline cellulose, mannitol and five binary mixtures (15, 30, 50, 70 and 85% MCC). 27055487 10 26 theme % 1915:1915 arg1 values 1857:1862 values 1857:1862 values of 34% for the HU (expression of microhardness), 27% and 28% for the D10 and fines, respectively (percolation of MCC) and 84% and 85% for the D50 and D90, respectively (percolation of mannitol) 1857:2056 This resulted in values of 34% for the HU (expression of microhardness), 27% and 28% for the D10 and fines, respectively (percolation of MCC) and 84% and 85% for the D50 and D90, respectively (percolation of mannitol). 27055487 3 27 theme multilevel 412:421 arg1 design 438:443 a multilevel full factorial design 410:443 a multilevel full factorial design including these parameters as factors plus three repetitions of the center point 410:524 For this reason, a multilevel full factorial design including these parameters as factors plus three repetitions of the center point was performed for microcrystalline cellulose, mannitol and five binary mixtures (15, 30, 50, 70 and 85% MCC). 27055487 7 28 from D50 1375:1377 arg1 point 1349:1353 the center point 1338:1353 the center point 1338:1353 The microhardness of the ribbons from the center point as well as the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules produced at these same conditions were characterized. 27055487 3 29 theme microcrystalline 544:559 arg1 cellulose 561:569 microcrystalline cellulose 544:569 microcrystalline cellulose 544:569 For this reason, a multilevel full factorial design including these parameters as factors plus three repetitions of the center point was performed for microcrystalline cellulose, mannitol and five binary mixtures (15, 30, 50, 70 and 85% MCC). 27055487 7 30 from point 1349:1353 arg1 microhardness 1304:1316 The microhardness 1300:1316 The microhardness of the ribbons from the center point as well as the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules produced at these same conditions 1300:1457 The microhardness of the ribbons from the center point as well as the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules produced at these same conditions were characterized. 27055487 7 30 from point 1349:1353 arg1 fraction 1398:1405 the fines fraction 1388:1405 the fines fraction 1388:1405 The microhardness of the ribbons from the center point as well as the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules produced at these same conditions were characterized. 27055487 7 30 from point 1349:1353 arg1 D50 1375:1377 D50 1375:1377 D50 1375:1377 The microhardness of the ribbons from the center point as well as the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules produced at these same conditions were characterized. 27055487 7 30 from point 1349:1353 arg1 D90 1380:1382 D90 1380:1382 D90 1380:1382 The microhardness of the ribbons from the center point as well as the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules produced at these same conditions were characterized. 27055487 7 30 from point 1349:1353 arg1 ribbons 1325:1331 the ribbons 1321:1331 the ribbons from the center point 1321:1353 The microhardness of the ribbons from the center point as well as the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules produced at these same conditions were characterized. 27055487 7 30 from point 1349:1353 arg1 D10 1370:1372 D10 1370:1372 D10 1370:1372 The microhardness of the ribbons from the center point as well as the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules produced at these same conditions were characterized. 27055487 3 31 dep % 628:628 arg1 70 619:620 70 619:620 70 619:620 For this reason, a multilevel full factorial design including these parameters as factors plus three repetitions of the center point was performed for microcrystalline cellulose, mannitol and five binary mixtures (15, 30, 50, 70 and 85% MCC). 27055487 3 31 dep % 628:628 arg1 85 626:627 85 626:627 85 626:627 For this reason, a multilevel full factorial design including these parameters as factors plus three repetitions of the center point was performed for microcrystalline cellulose, mannitol and five binary mixtures (15, 30, 50, 70 and 85% MCC). 27055487 6 32 theme compaction 1157:1166 arg1 force 1168:1172 the specific compaction force 1144:1172 the specific compaction force 1144:1172 After statistical evaluation, it was found that the most critical factors affecting the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules were the gap width and the specific compaction force, as well as the proportion of MCC together with its quadratic effect and the interaction between force and proportion of MCC. 27055487 10 33 theme % 1988:1988 arg1 values 1857:1862 values 1857:1862 values of 34% for the HU (expression of microhardness), 27% and 28% for the D10 and fines, respectively (percolation of MCC) and 84% and 85% for the D50 and D90, respectively (percolation of mannitol) 1857:2056 This resulted in values of 34% for the HU (expression of microhardness), 27% and 28% for the D10 and fines, respectively (percolation of MCC) and 84% and 85% for the D50 and D90, respectively (percolation of mannitol). 27055487 9 34 theme percolation 1758:1768 arg1 threshold 1770:1778 the percolation threshold 1754:1778 the percolation threshold 1754:1778 In this sense, the percolation theory was applied in order to study further the importance of the plastic/brittle ratio by calculating the percolation threshold or the limit over which the behavior of the system changes. 27055487 1 35 theme gap 195:197 arg1 settings 247:254 the most important settings 228:254 the most important settings as they have a high impact in the products obtained 228:306 In roll compaction, the specific compaction force, the gap width and the roll speed are the most important settings as they have a high impact in the products obtained. 27055487 1 35 theme gap 195:197 arg1 speed 218:222 the roll speed 209:222 the roll speed 209:222 In roll compaction, the specific compaction force, the gap width and the roll speed are the most important settings as they have a high impact in the products obtained. 27055487 1 35 theme gap 195:197 arg1 width 199:203 the gap width 191:203 the gap width 191:203 In roll compaction, the specific compaction force, the gap width and the roll speed are the most important settings as they have a high impact in the products obtained. 27055487 0 36 theme roll 28:31 arg1 thresholds 73:82 roll compaction/dry granulation: percolation thresholds 28:82 roll compaction/dry granulation: percolation thresholds for ribbon microhardness and granule size distribution 28:137 MCC-mannitol mixtures after roll compaction/dry granulation: percolation thresholds for ribbon microhardness and granule size distribution. 27055487 3 37 dep MCC 630:632 arg1 % 628:628 % 628:628 % 628:628 For this reason, a multilevel full factorial design including these parameters as factors plus three repetitions of the center point was performed for microcrystalline cellulose, mannitol and five binary mixtures (15, 30, 50, 70 and 85% MCC). 27055487 10 38 theme mannitol 2048:2055 arg1 percolation 2033:2043 percolation 2033:2043 percolation of mannitol 2033:2055 This resulted in values of 34% for the HU (expression of microhardness), 27% and 28% for the D10 and fines, respectively (percolation of MCC) and 84% and 85% for the D50 and D90, respectively (percolation of mannitol). 27055487 10 39 theme of 1974:1975 arg1 % 1869:1869 34% 1867:1869 34% for the HU (expression of microhardness) 1867:1910 This resulted in values of 34% for the HU (expression of microhardness), 27% and 28% for the D10 and fines, respectively (percolation of MCC) and 84% and 85% for the D50 and D90, respectively (percolation of mannitol). 27055487 10 39 theme of 1974:1975 arg1 MCC 1977:1979 percolation of MCC 1962:1979 percolation of MCC 1962:1979 This resulted in values of 34% for the HU (expression of microhardness), 27% and 28% for the D10 and fines, respectively (percolation of MCC) and 84% and 85% for the D50 and D90, respectively (percolation of mannitol). 27055487 5 40 theme size 959:962 arg1 distribution 964:975 granule size distribution 951:975 granule size distribution 951:975 These materials were roll compacted in a 3-W-Polygran® 250/50/3 (Gerteis) and the ribbons obtained were collected and milled into granules which were characterized regarding granule size distribution. 27055487 1 41 theme high 271:274 arg1 impact 276:281 a high impact 269:281 a high impact 269:281 In roll compaction, the specific compaction force, the gap width and the roll speed are the most important settings as they have a high impact in the products obtained. 27055487 7 42 from granules 1416:1423 arg1 microhardness 1304:1316 The microhardness 1300:1316 The microhardness of the ribbons from the center point as well as the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules produced at these same conditions 1300:1457 The microhardness of the ribbons from the center point as well as the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules produced at these same conditions were characterized. 27055487 7 42 from granules 1416:1423 arg1 fraction 1398:1405 the fines fraction 1388:1405 the fines fraction 1388:1405 The microhardness of the ribbons from the center point as well as the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules produced at these same conditions were characterized. 27055487 7 42 from granules 1416:1423 arg1 D50 1375:1377 D50 1375:1377 D50 1375:1377 The microhardness of the ribbons from the center point as well as the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules produced at these same conditions were characterized. 27055487 7 42 from granules 1416:1423 arg1 D90 1380:1382 D90 1380:1382 D90 1380:1382 The microhardness of the ribbons from the center point as well as the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules produced at these same conditions were characterized. 27055487 7 42 from granules 1416:1423 arg1 D10 1370:1372 D10 1370:1372 D10 1370:1372 The microhardness of the ribbons from the center point as well as the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules produced at these same conditions were characterized. 27055487 5 43 theme 3-W-Polygran® 818:830 arg1 Gerteis 842:848 Gerteis 842:848 Gerteis 842:848 These materials were roll compacted in a 3-W-Polygran® 250/50/3 (Gerteis) and the ribbons obtained were collected and milled into granules which were characterized regarding granule size distribution. 27055487 5 43 theme 3-W-Polygran® 818:830 arg1 250/50/3 832:839 a 3-W-Polygran® 250/50/3 816:839 a 3-W-Polygran® 250/50/3 (Gerteis) 816:849 These materials were roll compacted in a 3-W-Polygran® 250/50/3 (Gerteis) and the ribbons obtained were collected and milled into granules which were characterized regarding granule size distribution. 27055487 0 44 theme granulation 48:58 arg1 thresholds 73:82 roll compaction/dry granulation: percolation thresholds 28:82 roll compaction/dry granulation: percolation thresholds for ribbon microhardness and granule size distribution 28:137 MCC-mannitol mixtures after roll compaction/dry granulation: percolation thresholds for ribbon microhardness and granule size distribution. 27055487 10 45 theme % 1869:1869 arg1 values 1857:1862 values 1857:1862 values of 34% for the HU (expression of microhardness), 27% and 28% for the D10 and fines, respectively (percolation of MCC) and 84% and 85% for the D50 and D90, respectively (percolation of mannitol) 1857:2056 This resulted in values of 34% for the HU (expression of microhardness), 27% and 28% for the D10 and fines, respectively (percolation of MCC) and 84% and 85% for the D50 and D90, respectively (percolation of mannitol). 27055487 6 46 theme quadratic 1226:1234 arg1 effect 1236:1241 its quadratic effect 1222:1241 its quadratic effect 1222:1241 After statistical evaluation, it was found that the most critical factors affecting the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules were the gap width and the specific compaction force, as well as the proportion of MCC together with its quadratic effect and the interaction between force and proportion of MCC. 27055487 4 47 theme roll 752:755 arg1 process 768:774 the roll compaction process 748:774 the roll compaction process 748:774 These two reference excipients were chosen in order to investigate the plastic/brittle behavior of mixtures for the roll compaction process. 27055487 8 48 theme important 1572:1580 arg1 effect 1582:1587 an important effect 1569:1587 an important effect on these properties measured 1569:1616 In all the cases, the proportion of MCC, i.e. the composition of the mixture, showed also an important effect on these properties measured. 27055487 3 49 theme full 423:426 arg1 design 438:443 a multilevel full factorial design 410:443 a multilevel full factorial design including these parameters as factors plus three repetitions of the center point 410:524 For this reason, a multilevel full factorial design including these parameters as factors plus three repetitions of the center point was performed for microcrystalline cellulose, mannitol and five binary mixtures (15, 30, 50, 70 and 85% MCC). 27055487 0 50 theme compaction/dry 33:46 arg1 thresholds 73:82 roll compaction/dry granulation: percolation thresholds 28:82 roll compaction/dry granulation: percolation thresholds for ribbon microhardness and granule size distribution 28:137 MCC-mannitol mixtures after roll compaction/dry granulation: percolation thresholds for ribbon microhardness and granule size distribution. 27055487 1 51 from settings 247:254 arg1 force 184:188 the specific compaction force 160:188 the specific compaction force 160:188 In roll compaction, the specific compaction force, the gap width and the roll speed are the most important settings as they have a high impact in the products obtained. 27055487 1 51 from settings 247:254 arg1 compaction 148:157 roll compaction 143:157 roll compaction 143:157 In roll compaction, the specific compaction force, the gap width and the roll speed are the most important settings as they have a high impact in the products obtained. 27055487 9 52 theme percolation 1638:1648 arg1 theory 1650:1655 the percolation theory 1634:1655 the percolation theory 1634:1655 In this sense, the percolation theory was applied in order to study further the importance of the plastic/brittle ratio by calculating the percolation threshold or the limit over which the behavior of the system changes. 27055487 1 53 theme roll 213:216 arg1 settings 247:254 the most important settings 228:254 the most important settings as they have a high impact in the products obtained 228:306 In roll compaction, the specific compaction force, the gap width and the roll speed are the most important settings as they have a high impact in the products obtained. 27055487 1 53 theme roll 213:216 arg1 speed 218:222 the roll speed 209:222 the roll speed 209:222 In roll compaction, the specific compaction force, the gap width and the roll speed are the most important settings as they have a high impact in the products obtained. 27055487 1 53 theme roll 213:216 arg1 width 199:203 the gap width 191:203 the gap width 191:203 In roll compaction, the specific compaction force, the gap width and the roll speed are the most important settings as they have a high impact in the products obtained. 27055487 0 54 theme percolation 61:71 arg1 thresholds 73:82 roll compaction/dry granulation: percolation thresholds 28:82 roll compaction/dry granulation: percolation thresholds for ribbon microhardness and granule size distribution 28:137 MCC-mannitol mixtures after roll compaction/dry granulation: percolation thresholds for ribbon microhardness and granule size distribution. 27055487 6 55 theme statistical 984:994 arg1 evaluation 996:1005 statistical evaluation 984:1005 statistical evaluation 984:1005 After statistical evaluation, it was found that the most critical factors affecting the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules were the gap width and the specific compaction force, as well as the proportion of MCC together with its quadratic effect and the interaction between force and proportion of MCC. 27055487 7 56 theme fines 1392:1396 arg1 fraction 1398:1405 the fines fraction 1388:1405 the fines fraction 1388:1405 The microhardness of the ribbons from the center point as well as the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules produced at these same conditions were characterized. 27055487 3 57 theme factorial 428:436 arg1 design 438:443 a multilevel full factorial design 410:443 a multilevel full factorial design including these parameters as factors plus three repetitions of the center point 410:524 For this reason, a multilevel full factorial design including these parameters as factors plus three repetitions of the center point was performed for microcrystalline cellulose, mannitol and five binary mixtures (15, 30, 50, 70 and 85% MCC). 27055487 2 58 theme mechanical 321:330 arg1 critical 383:390 critical 383:390 critical 383:390 However the mechanical properties of the mixture being compacted are also critical. 27055487 2 58 theme mechanical 321:330 arg1 properties 332:341 the mechanical properties 317:341 the mechanical properties of the mixture being compacted 317:372 However the mechanical properties of the mixture being compacted are also critical. 27055487 10 59 dep D50 2006:2008 arg1 the 2002:2004 the 2002:2004 the 2002:2004 This resulted in values of 34% for the HU (expression of microhardness), 27% and 28% for the D10 and fines, respectively (percolation of MCC) and 84% and 85% for the D50 and D90, respectively (percolation of mannitol). 27055487 10 60 dep HU 1879:1880 arg1 expression 1883:1892 expression 1883:1892 expression of microhardness 1883:1909 This resulted in values of 34% for the HU (expression of microhardness), 27% and 28% for the D10 and fines, respectively (percolation of MCC) and 84% and 85% for the D50 and D90, respectively (percolation of mannitol). 27055487 4 61 theme compaction 757:766 arg1 process 768:774 the roll compaction process 748:774 the roll compaction process 748:774 These two reference excipients were chosen in order to investigate the plastic/brittle behavior of mixtures for the roll compaction process. 27055487 5 62 theme granule 951:957 arg1 distribution 964:975 granule size distribution 951:975 granule size distribution 951:975 These materials were roll compacted in a 3-W-Polygran® 250/50/3 (Gerteis) and the ribbons obtained were collected and milled into granules which were characterized regarding granule size distribution. 27055487 6 63 theme MCC 1204:1206 arg1 factors 1044:1050 the most critical factors 1026:1050 the most critical factors affecting the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules 1026:1119 After statistical evaluation, it was found that the most critical factors affecting the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules were the gap width and the specific compaction force, as well as the proportion of MCC together with its quadratic effect and the interaction between force and proportion of MCC. 27055487 6 63 theme MCC 1204:1206 arg1 force 1168:1172 the specific compaction force 1144:1172 the specific compaction force 1144:1172 After statistical evaluation, it was found that the most critical factors affecting the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules were the gap width and the specific compaction force, as well as the proportion of MCC together with its quadratic effect and the interaction between force and proportion of MCC. 27055487 6 63 theme MCC 1204:1206 arg1 width 1134:1138 the gap width 1126:1138 the gap width 1126:1138 After statistical evaluation, it was found that the most critical factors affecting the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules were the gap width and the specific compaction force, as well as the proportion of MCC together with its quadratic effect and the interaction between force and proportion of MCC. 27055487 6 63 theme MCC 1204:1206 arg1 proportion 1190:1199 the proportion 1186:1199 the proportion of MCC 1186:1206 After statistical evaluation, it was found that the most critical factors affecting the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules were the gap width and the specific compaction force, as well as the proportion of MCC together with its quadratic effect and the interaction between force and proportion of MCC. 27055487 8 64 from effect 1582:1587 arg1 properties 1598:1607 these properties 1592:1607 these properties measured 1592:1616 In all the cases, the proportion of MCC, i.e. the composition of the mixture, showed also an important effect on these properties measured. 27055487 6 65 theme gap 1130:1132 arg1 factors 1044:1050 the most critical factors 1026:1050 the most critical factors affecting the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules 1026:1119 After statistical evaluation, it was found that the most critical factors affecting the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules were the gap width and the specific compaction force, as well as the proportion of MCC together with its quadratic effect and the interaction between force and proportion of MCC. 27055487 6 65 theme gap 1130:1132 arg1 width 1134:1138 the gap width 1126:1138 the gap width 1126:1138 After statistical evaluation, it was found that the most critical factors affecting the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules were the gap width and the specific compaction force, as well as the proportion of MCC together with its quadratic effect and the interaction between force and proportion of MCC. 27055487 1 66 theme roll 143:146 arg1 force 184:188 the specific compaction force 160:188 the specific compaction force 160:188 In roll compaction, the specific compaction force, the gap width and the roll speed are the most important settings as they have a high impact in the products obtained. 27055487 1 66 theme roll 143:146 arg1 compaction 148:157 roll compaction 143:157 roll compaction 143:157 In roll compaction, the specific compaction force, the gap width and the roll speed are the most important settings as they have a high impact in the products obtained. 27055487 10 67 dep D10 1933:1935 arg1 the 1929:1931 the 1929:1931 the 1929:1931 This resulted in values of 34% for the HU (expression of microhardness), 27% and 28% for the D10 and fines, respectively (percolation of MCC) and 84% and 85% for the D50 and D90, respectively (percolation of mannitol). 27055487 1 68 contain have 264:267 arg2 impact 276:281 a high impact 269:281 a high impact 269:281 In roll compaction, the specific compaction force, the gap width and the roll speed are the most important settings as they have a high impact in the products obtained. 27055487 1 68 contain have 264:267 arg1 they 259:262 they 259:262 they 259:262 In roll compaction, the specific compaction force, the gap width and the roll speed are the most important settings as they have a high impact in the products obtained. 27055487 10 69 theme percolation 1962:1972 arg1 % 1869:1869 34% 1867:1869 34% for the HU (expression of microhardness) 1867:1910 This resulted in values of 34% for the HU (expression of microhardness), 27% and 28% for the D10 and fines, respectively (percolation of MCC) and 84% and 85% for the D50 and D90, respectively (percolation of mannitol). 27055487 10 69 theme percolation 1962:1972 arg1 MCC 1977:1979 percolation of MCC 1962:1979 percolation of MCC 1962:1979 This resulted in values of 34% for the HU (expression of microhardness), 27% and 28% for the D10 and fines, respectively (percolation of MCC) and 84% and 85% for the D50 and D90, respectively (percolation of mannitol). 27055487 4 70 theme reference 646:654 arg1 excipients 656:665 These two reference excipients 636:665 These two reference excipients 636:665 These two reference excipients were chosen in order to investigate the plastic/brittle behavior of mixtures for the roll compaction process. 27055487 7 71 from microhardness 1304:1316 arg1 point 1349:1353 the center point 1338:1353 the center point 1338:1353 The microhardness of the ribbons from the center point as well as the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules produced at these same conditions were characterized. 27055487 6 72 theme MCC 1295:1297 arg1 proportion 1281:1290 proportion 1281:1290 proportion 1281:1290 After statistical evaluation, it was found that the most critical factors affecting the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules were the gap width and the specific compaction force, as well as the proportion of MCC together with its quadratic effect and the interaction between force and proportion of MCC. 27055487 6 72 theme MCC 1295:1297 arg1 force 1271:1275 force 1271:1275 force 1271:1275 After statistical evaluation, it was found that the most critical factors affecting the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules were the gap width and the specific compaction force, as well as the proportion of MCC together with its quadratic effect and the interaction between force and proportion of MCC. 27055487 1 73 dep settings 247:254 arg1 have 264:267 have 264:267 have a high impact in the products obtained 264:306 In roll compaction, the specific compaction force, the gap width and the roll speed are the most important settings as they have a high impact in the products obtained. 27055487 3 74 theme binary 590:595 arg1 mixtures 597:604 five binary mixtures 585:604 five binary mixtures (15, 30, 50, 70 and 85% MCC) 585:633 For this reason, a multilevel full factorial design including these parameters as factors plus three repetitions of the center point was performed for microcrystalline cellulose, mannitol and five binary mixtures (15, 30, 50, 70 and 85% MCC). 27055487 3 74 theme binary 590:595 arg1 MCC 630:632 15, 30, 50, 70 and 85% MCC 607:632 15, 30, 50, 70 and 85% MCC 607:632 For this reason, a multilevel full factorial design including these parameters as factors plus three repetitions of the center point was performed for microcrystalline cellulose, mannitol and five binary mixtures (15, 30, 50, 70 and 85% MCC). 27055487 2 75 theme mixture 350:356 arg1 critical 383:390 critical 383:390 critical 383:390 However the mechanical properties of the mixture being compacted are also critical. 27055487 2 75 theme mixture 350:356 arg1 properties 332:341 the mechanical properties 317:341 the mechanical properties of the mixture being compacted 317:372 However the mechanical properties of the mixture being compacted are also critical. 27055487 8 76 theme MCC 1515:1517 arg1 proportion 1501:1510 the proportion 1497:1510 the proportion of MCC, i.e. the composition of the mixture, 1497:1555 In all the cases, the proportion of MCC, i.e. the composition of the mixture, showed also an important effect on these properties measured. 27055487 7 77 from D10 1370:1372 arg1 point 1349:1353 the center point 1338:1353 the center point 1338:1353 The microhardness of the ribbons from the center point as well as the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules produced at these same conditions were characterized. 27055487 4 78 theme mixtures 735:742 arg1 behavior 723:730 the plastic/brittle behavior 703:730 the plastic/brittle behavior of mixtures for the roll compaction process 703:774 These two reference excipients were chosen in order to investigate the plastic/brittle behavior of mixtures for the roll compaction process. 27055487 7 79 dep D10 1370:1372 arg1 the 1366:1368 the 1366:1368 the 1366:1368 The microhardness of the ribbons from the center point as well as the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules produced at these same conditions were characterized. 27055487 10 80 theme microhardness 1897:1909 arg1 expression 1883:1892 expression 1883:1892 expression of microhardness 1883:1909 This resulted in values of 34% for the HU (expression of microhardness), 27% and 28% for the D10 and fines, respectively (percolation of MCC) and 84% and 85% for the D50 and D90, respectively (percolation of mannitol). 27055487 7 81 theme same 1443:1446 arg1 conditions 1448:1457 these same conditions 1437:1457 these same conditions 1437:1457 The microhardness of the ribbons from the center point as well as the D10, D50, D90 and the fines fraction from the granules produced at these same conditions were characterized. 25771541 2 0 theme stationary 372:381 arg1 phase 383:387 the new stationary phase 364:387 the new stationary phase 364:387 The fast enantioseparation of atenolol enantiomers on the new stationary phase was achieved through the optimization of mobile phase composition, column temperature and other factors in polar organic solvent mode. 25771541 1 1 theme ordered 273:279 arg1 SBA-15 292:297 ordered mesoporous SBA-15 273:297 ordered mesoporous SBA-15 273:297 A novel dinitrophenyl ether β-cyclodextrin-bonded chiral stationary phase (NESP) for HPLC was prepared with ordered mesoporous SBA-15 as matrix. 25771541 5 2 theme detection 730:738 arg1 wavelength 740:749 The detection wavelength 726:749 The detection wavelength 726:749 The detection wavelength was 275 nm. 25771541 5 2 theme detection 730:738 arg1 nm 759:760 275 nm 755:760 275 nm 755:760 The detection wavelength was 275 nm. 25771541 6 3 theme short 825:829 arg1 time 840:843 a rather short analysis time 816:843 a rather short analysis time 816:843 The resolution of atenolol enantiomers was 1.73 with a rather short analysis time, about 20 min, under the above conditions. 25771541 3 4 theme acetic 600:605 arg1 composition 538:548 The optimized composition 524:548 The optimized composition of mobile phase 524:564 The optimized composition of mobile phase was acetonitrile/methanol/glacial acetic acid/triethylamine (90:10:2.5:3.0, v/v/v/v) at the flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. 25771541 3 4 theme acetic 600:605 arg1 acid/triethylamine 607:624 acetonitrile/methanol/glacial acetic acid/triethylamine 570:624 acetonitrile/methanol/glacial acetic acid/triethylamine (90:10:2.5:3.0, v/v/v/v) 570:649 The optimized composition of mobile phase was acetonitrile/methanol/glacial acetic acid/triethylamine (90:10:2.5:3.0, v/v/v/v) at the flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. 25771541 1 5 theme β-cyclodextrin-bonded 193:213 arg1 NESP 240:243 NESP 240:243 NESP 240:243 A novel dinitrophenyl ether β-cyclodextrin-bonded chiral stationary phase (NESP) for HPLC was prepared with ordered mesoporous SBA-15 as matrix. 25771541 1 5 theme β-cyclodextrin-bonded 193:213 arg1 matrix 302:307 matrix 302:307 matrix 302:307 A novel dinitrophenyl ether β-cyclodextrin-bonded chiral stationary phase (NESP) for HPLC was prepared with ordered mesoporous SBA-15 as matrix. 25771541 1 5 theme β-cyclodextrin-bonded 193:213 arg1 phase 233:237 A novel dinitrophenyl ether β-cyclodextrin-bonded chiral stationary phase 165:237 A novel dinitrophenyl ether β-cyclodextrin-bonded chiral stationary phase (NESP) for HPLC 165:253 A novel dinitrophenyl ether β-cyclodextrin-bonded chiral stationary phase (NESP) for HPLC was prepared with ordered mesoporous SBA-15 as matrix. 25771541 8 6 theme new 991:993 arg1 method 1008:1013 A new quantitative method 989:1013 A new quantitative method of atenolol enantiomers in tablets 989:1048 A new quantitative method of atenolol enantiomers in tablets was established after the condition optimization. 25771541 9 7 theme 0 1212:1212 arg1 r 1207:1207 r 1207:1207 r of 0 1207:1212 The good linear relationships for two atenolol enantiomers were observed in the range of 2.5-100 mg/L with r of 0. 25771541 1 8 theme stationary 222:231 arg1 NESP 240:243 NESP 240:243 NESP 240:243 A novel dinitrophenyl ether β-cyclodextrin-bonded chiral stationary phase (NESP) for HPLC was prepared with ordered mesoporous SBA-15 as matrix. 25771541 1 8 theme stationary 222:231 arg1 matrix 302:307 matrix 302:307 matrix 302:307 A novel dinitrophenyl ether β-cyclodextrin-bonded chiral stationary phase (NESP) for HPLC was prepared with ordered mesoporous SBA-15 as matrix. 25771541 1 8 theme stationary 222:231 arg1 phase 233:237 A novel dinitrophenyl ether β-cyclodextrin-bonded chiral stationary phase 165:237 A novel dinitrophenyl ether β-cyclodextrin-bonded chiral stationary phase (NESP) for HPLC 165:253 A novel dinitrophenyl ether β-cyclodextrin-bonded chiral stationary phase (NESP) for HPLC was prepared with ordered mesoporous SBA-15 as matrix. 25771541 0 9 theme performance 129:139 arg1 chromatography 148:161 high performance liquid chromatography 124:161 high performance liquid chromatography 124:161 [Enantioseparation and determination of atenolol enantiomers in tables on a β-cyclodextrin-based chiral stationary phase by high performance liquid chromatography]. 25771541 2 10 theme fast 314:317 arg1 enantioseparation 319:335 The fast enantioseparation 310:335 The fast enantioseparation of atenolol enantiomers on the new stationary phase 310:387 The fast enantioseparation of atenolol enantiomers on the new stationary phase was achieved through the optimization of mobile phase composition, column temperature and other factors in polar organic solvent mode. 25771541 15 11 theme cyclodextrin-based 1684:1701 arg1 column 1710:1715 homemade cyclodextrin-based chiral column 1675:1715 homemade cyclodextrin-based chiral column 1675:1715 The established method is simple and of high selectivity, high recovery and low cost for enantiomer analysis by using homemade cyclodextrin-based chiral column. 25771541 4 12 theme column 687:692 arg1 perature 699:706 The column tem- perature 683:706 The column tem- perature 683:706 The column tem- perature was set at 20 °C. 25771541 16 13 theme chiral 1816:1821 arg1 drugs 1823:1827 chiral drugs 1816:1827 chiral drugs 1816:1827 It has a good application prospect for the fast quality control and the pharmacokinetics study of chiral drugs. 25771541 13 14 theme standard 1339:1346 arg1 RSDs 1360:1363 RSDs 1360:1363 RSDs 1360:1363 The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of this method were not greater than 0.92% for intra-day and 1.86% for inter-day, respectively. 25771541 13 14 theme standard 1339:1346 arg1 deviations 1348:1357 The relative standard deviations 1326:1357 The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of this method 1326:1379 The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of this method were not greater than 0.92% for intra-day and 1.86% for inter-day, respectively. 25771541 13 14 theme standard 1339:1346 arg1 greater 1390:1396 greater 1390:1396 greater 1390:1396 The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of this method were not greater than 0.92% for intra-day and 1.86% for inter-day, respectively. 25771541 15 15 theme high 1615:1618 arg1 recovery 1620:1627 high recovery 1615:1627 high recovery 1615:1627 The established method is simple and of high selectivity, high recovery and low cost for enantiomer analysis by using homemade cyclodextrin-based chiral column. 25771541 15 16 theme chiral 1703:1708 arg1 column 1710:1715 homemade cyclodextrin-based chiral column 1675:1715 homemade cyclodextrin-based chiral column 1675:1715 The established method is simple and of high selectivity, high recovery and low cost for enantiomer analysis by using homemade cyclodextrin-based chiral column. 25771541 15 17 theme enantiomer 1646:1655 arg1 analysis 1657:1664 enantiomer analysis 1646:1664 enantiomer analysis by using homemade cyclodextrin-based chiral column 1646:1715 The established method is simple and of high selectivity, high recovery and low cost for enantiomer analysis by using homemade cyclodextrin-based chiral column. 25771541 2 18 from enantioseparation 319:335 arg1 phase 383:387 the new stationary phase 364:387 the new stationary phase 364:387 The fast enantioseparation of atenolol enantiomers on the new stationary phase was achieved through the optimization of mobile phase composition, column temperature and other factors in polar organic solvent mode. 25771541 0 19 from determination 23:35 arg1 phase 115:119 a β-cyclodextrin-based chiral stationary phase 74:119 a β-cyclodextrin-based chiral stationary phase 74:119 [Enantioseparation and determination of atenolol enantiomers in tables on a β-cyclodextrin-based chiral stationary phase by high performance liquid chromatography]. 25771541 0 19 from determination 23:35 arg1 tables 64:69 tables 64:69 tables on a β-cyclodextrin-based chiral stationary phase 64:119 [Enantioseparation and determination of atenolol enantiomers in tables on a β-cyclodextrin-based chiral stationary phase by high performance liquid chromatography]. 25771541 0 20 theme β-cyclodextrin-based 76:95 arg1 phase 115:119 a β-cyclodextrin-based chiral stationary phase 74:119 a β-cyclodextrin-based chiral stationary phase 74:119 [Enantioseparation and determination of atenolol enantiomers in tables on a β-cyclodextrin-based chiral stationary phase by high performance liquid chromatography]. 25771541 8 21 theme atenolol 1018:1025 arg1 enantiomers 1027:1037 atenolol enantiomers 1018:1037 atenolol enantiomers 1018:1037 A new quantitative method of atenolol enantiomers in tablets was established after the condition optimization. 25771541 7 22 theme direct 962:967 arg1 injection 969:977 direct injection 962:977 direct injection 962:977 The atenolol was extracted with methanol from the tablets and analyzed by direct injection for HPLC. 25771541 1 23 theme dinitrophenyl 173:185 arg1 NESP 240:243 NESP 240:243 NESP 240:243 A novel dinitrophenyl ether β-cyclodextrin-bonded chiral stationary phase (NESP) for HPLC was prepared with ordered mesoporous SBA-15 as matrix. 25771541 1 23 theme dinitrophenyl 173:185 arg1 matrix 302:307 matrix 302:307 matrix 302:307 A novel dinitrophenyl ether β-cyclodextrin-bonded chiral stationary phase (NESP) for HPLC was prepared with ordered mesoporous SBA-15 as matrix. 25771541 1 23 theme dinitrophenyl 173:185 arg1 phase 233:237 A novel dinitrophenyl ether β-cyclodextrin-bonded chiral stationary phase 165:237 A novel dinitrophenyl ether β-cyclodextrin-bonded chiral stationary phase (NESP) for HPLC 165:253 A novel dinitrophenyl ether β-cyclodextrin-bonded chiral stationary phase (NESP) for HPLC was prepared with ordered mesoporous SBA-15 as matrix. 25771541 0 24 from [Enantioseparation 0:17 arg1 phase 115:119 a β-cyclodextrin-based chiral stationary phase 74:119 a β-cyclodextrin-based chiral stationary phase 74:119 [Enantioseparation and determination of atenolol enantiomers in tables on a β-cyclodextrin-based chiral stationary phase by high performance liquid chromatography]. 25771541 0 24 from [Enantioseparation 0:17 arg1 tables 64:69 tables 64:69 tables on a β-cyclodextrin-based chiral stationary phase 64:119 [Enantioseparation and determination of atenolol enantiomers in tables on a β-cyclodextrin-based chiral stationary phase by high performance liquid chromatography]. 25771541 15 25 theme high 1597:1600 arg1 selectivity 1602:1612 high selectivity 1597:1612 high selectivity 1597:1612 The established method is simple and of high selectivity, high recovery and low cost for enantiomer analysis by using homemade cyclodextrin-based chiral column. 25771541 0 26 theme stationary 104:113 arg1 phase 115:119 a β-cyclodextrin-based chiral stationary phase 74:119 a β-cyclodextrin-based chiral stationary phase 74:119 [Enantioseparation and determination of atenolol enantiomers in tables on a β-cyclodextrin-based chiral stationary phase by high performance liquid chromatography]. 25771541 16 27 theme application 1732:1742 arg1 prospect 1744:1751 a good application prospect 1725:1751 a good application prospect 1725:1751 It has a good application prospect for the fast quality control and the pharmacokinetics study of chiral drugs. 25771541 3 28 from rate 663:666 arg1 composition 538:548 The optimized composition 524:548 The optimized composition of mobile phase 524:564 The optimized composition of mobile phase was acetonitrile/methanol/glacial acetic acid/triethylamine (90:10:2.5:3.0, v/v/v/v) at the flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. 25771541 3 28 from rate 663:666 arg1 acid/triethylamine 607:624 acetonitrile/methanol/glacial acetic acid/triethylamine 570:624 acetonitrile/methanol/glacial acetic acid/triethylamine (90:10:2.5:3.0, v/v/v/v) 570:649 The optimized composition of mobile phase was acetonitrile/methanol/glacial acetic acid/triethylamine (90:10:2.5:3.0, v/v/v/v) at the flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. 25771541 2 29 theme other 479:483 arg1 factors 485:491 other factors 479:491 other factors 479:491 The fast enantioseparation of atenolol enantiomers on the new stationary phase was achieved through the optimization of mobile phase composition, column temperature and other factors in polar organic solvent mode. 25771541 3 30 theme mobile 553:558 arg1 phase 560:564 mobile phase 553:564 mobile phase 553:564 The optimized composition of mobile phase was acetonitrile/methanol/glacial acetic acid/triethylamine (90:10:2.5:3.0, v/v/v/v) at the flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. 25771541 12 31 theme enantiomers 1276:1286 arg1 recoveries 1253:1262 The recoveries 1249:1262 The recoveries of atenolol enantiomers in tablet samples 1249:1304 The recoveries of atenolol enantiomers in tablet samples were 94.60%-97.24%. 25771541 12 31 theme enantiomers 1276:1286 arg1 % 1323:1323 94.60%-97.24% 1311:1323 94.60%-97.24% 1311:1323 The recoveries of atenolol enantiomers in tablet samples were 94.60%-97.24%. 25771541 2 32 theme temperature 463:473 arg1 optimization 414:425 the optimization 410:425 the optimization of mobile phase composition, column temperature and other factors in polar organic solvent mode 410:521 The fast enantioseparation of atenolol enantiomers on the new stationary phase was achieved through the optimization of mobile phase composition, column temperature and other factors in polar organic solvent mode. 25771541 9 33 theme linear 1109:1114 arg1 relationships 1116:1128 The good linear relationships 1100:1128 The good linear relationships for two atenolol enantiomers 1100:1157 The good linear relationships for two atenolol enantiomers were observed in the range of 2.5-100 mg/L with r of 0. 25771541 8 34 theme condition 1076:1084 arg1 optimization 1086:1097 the condition optimization 1072:1097 the condition optimization 1072:1097 A new quantitative method of atenolol enantiomers in tablets was established after the condition optimization. 25771541 6 35 theme above 870:874 arg1 conditions 876:885 the above conditions 866:885 the above conditions 866:885 The resolution of atenolol enantiomers was 1.73 with a rather short analysis time, about 20 min, under the above conditions. 25771541 2 36 theme organic 502:508 arg1 solvent 510:516 polar organic solvent 496:516 polar organic solvent mode 496:521 The fast enantioseparation of atenolol enantiomers on the new stationary phase was achieved through the optimization of mobile phase composition, column temperature and other factors in polar organic solvent mode. 25771541 2 37 dep phase 437:441 arg1 composition 443:453 composition 443:453 composition 443:453 The fast enantioseparation of atenolol enantiomers on the new stationary phase was achieved through the optimization of mobile phase composition, column temperature and other factors in polar organic solvent mode. 25771541 15 38 theme homemade 1675:1682 arg1 column 1710:1715 homemade cyclodextrin-based chiral column 1675:1715 homemade cyclodextrin-based chiral column 1675:1715 The established method is simple and of high selectivity, high recovery and low cost for enantiomer analysis by using homemade cyclodextrin-based chiral column. 25771541 2 39 theme phase 437:441 arg1 optimization 414:425 the optimization 410:425 the optimization of mobile phase composition, column temperature and other factors in polar organic solvent mode 410:521 The fast enantioseparation of atenolol enantiomers on the new stationary phase was achieved through the optimization of mobile phase composition, column temperature and other factors in polar organic solvent mode. 25771541 0 40 theme atenolol 40:47 arg1 enantiomers 49:59 atenolol enantiomers 40:59 atenolol enantiomers 40:59 [Enantioseparation and determination of atenolol enantiomers in tables on a β-cyclodextrin-based chiral stationary phase by high performance liquid chromatography]. 25771541 9 41 theme atenolol 1138:1145 arg1 enantiomers 1147:1157 two atenolol enantiomers 1134:1157 two atenolol enantiomers 1134:1157 The good linear relationships for two atenolol enantiomers were observed in the range of 2.5-100 mg/L with r of 0. 25771541 2 42 theme new 368:370 arg1 phase 383:387 the new stationary phase 364:387 the new stationary phase 364:387 The fast enantioseparation of atenolol enantiomers on the new stationary phase was achieved through the optimization of mobile phase composition, column temperature and other factors in polar organic solvent mode. 25771541 12 43 from recoveries 1253:1262 arg1 samples 1298:1304 tablet samples 1291:1304 tablet samples 1291:1304 The recoveries of atenolol enantiomers in tablet samples were 94.60%-97.24%. 25771541 15 44 theme established 1561:1571 arg1 simple 1583:1588 simple 1583:1588 simple 1583:1588 The established method is simple and of high selectivity, high recovery and low cost for enantiomer analysis by using homemade cyclodextrin-based chiral column. 25771541 15 44 theme established 1561:1571 arg1 method 1573:1578 The established method 1557:1578 The established method 1557:1578 The established method is simple and of high selectivity, high recovery and low cost for enantiomer analysis by using homemade cyclodextrin-based chiral column. 25771541 8 45 from method 1008:1013 arg1 tablets 1042:1048 tablets 1042:1048 tablets 1042:1048 A new quantitative method of atenolol enantiomers in tablets was established after the condition optimization. 25771541 3 46 theme optimized 528:536 arg1 composition 538:548 The optimized composition 524:548 The optimized composition of mobile phase 524:564 The optimized composition of mobile phase was acetonitrile/methanol/glacial acetic acid/triethylamine (90:10:2.5:3.0, v/v/v/v) at the flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. 25771541 3 46 theme optimized 528:536 arg1 acid/triethylamine 607:624 acetonitrile/methanol/glacial acetic acid/triethylamine 570:624 acetonitrile/methanol/glacial acetic acid/triethylamine (90:10:2.5:3.0, v/v/v/v) 570:649 The optimized composition of mobile phase was acetonitrile/methanol/glacial acetic acid/triethylamine (90:10:2.5:3.0, v/v/v/v) at the flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. 25771541 6 47 theme analysis 831:838 arg1 time 840:843 a rather short analysis time 816:843 a rather short analysis time 816:843 The resolution of atenolol enantiomers was 1.73 with a rather short analysis time, about 20 min, under the above conditions. 25771541 3 48 theme acetonitrile/methanol/glacial 570:598 arg1 composition 538:548 The optimized composition 524:548 The optimized composition of mobile phase 524:564 The optimized composition of mobile phase was acetonitrile/methanol/glacial acetic acid/triethylamine (90:10:2.5:3.0, v/v/v/v) at the flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. 25771541 3 48 theme acetonitrile/methanol/glacial 570:598 arg1 acid/triethylamine 607:624 acetonitrile/methanol/glacial acetic acid/triethylamine 570:624 acetonitrile/methanol/glacial acetic acid/triethylamine (90:10:2.5:3.0, v/v/v/v) 570:649 The optimized composition of mobile phase was acetonitrile/methanol/glacial acetic acid/triethylamine (90:10:2.5:3.0, v/v/v/v) at the flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. 25771541 1 49 theme mesoporous 281:290 arg1 SBA-15 292:297 ordered mesoporous SBA-15 273:297 ordered mesoporous SBA-15 273:297 A novel dinitrophenyl ether β-cyclodextrin-bonded chiral stationary phase (NESP) for HPLC was prepared with ordered mesoporous SBA-15 as matrix. 25771541 6 50 theme atenolol 781:788 arg1 enantiomers 790:800 atenolol enantiomers 781:800 atenolol enantiomers 781:800 The resolution of atenolol enantiomers was 1.73 with a rather short analysis time, about 20 min, under the above conditions. 25771541 16 51 theme quality 1766:1772 arg1 control 1774:1780 the fast quality control 1757:1780 the fast quality control 1757:1780 It has a good application prospect for the fast quality control and the pharmacokinetics study of chiral drugs. 25771541 3 52 theme phase 560:564 arg1 composition 538:548 The optimized composition 524:548 The optimized composition of mobile phase 524:564 The optimized composition of mobile phase was acetonitrile/methanol/glacial acetic acid/triethylamine (90:10:2.5:3.0, v/v/v/v) at the flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. 25771541 3 52 theme phase 560:564 arg1 acid/triethylamine 607:624 acetonitrile/methanol/glacial acetic acid/triethylamine 570:624 acetonitrile/methanol/glacial acetic acid/triethylamine (90:10:2.5:3.0, v/v/v/v) 570:649 The optimized composition of mobile phase was acetonitrile/methanol/glacial acetic acid/triethylamine (90:10:2.5:3.0, v/v/v/v) at the flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. 25771541 16 53 theme pharmacokinetics 1790:1805 arg1 study 1807:1811 the pharmacokinetics study 1786:1811 the pharmacokinetics study of chiral drugs 1786:1827 It has a good application prospect for the fast quality control and the pharmacokinetics study of chiral drugs. 25771541 1 54 theme ether 187:191 arg1 NESP 240:243 NESP 240:243 NESP 240:243 A novel dinitrophenyl ether β-cyclodextrin-bonded chiral stationary phase (NESP) for HPLC was prepared with ordered mesoporous SBA-15 as matrix. 25771541 1 54 theme ether 187:191 arg1 matrix 302:307 matrix 302:307 matrix 302:307 A novel dinitrophenyl ether β-cyclodextrin-bonded chiral stationary phase (NESP) for HPLC was prepared with ordered mesoporous SBA-15 as matrix. 25771541 1 54 theme ether 187:191 arg1 phase 233:237 A novel dinitrophenyl ether β-cyclodextrin-bonded chiral stationary phase 165:237 A novel dinitrophenyl ether β-cyclodextrin-bonded chiral stationary phase (NESP) for HPLC 165:253 A novel dinitrophenyl ether β-cyclodextrin-bonded chiral stationary phase (NESP) for HPLC was prepared with ordered mesoporous SBA-15 as matrix. 25771541 8 55 theme quantitative 995:1006 arg1 method 1008:1013 A new quantitative method 989:1013 A new quantitative method of atenolol enantiomers in tablets 989:1048 A new quantitative method of atenolol enantiomers in tablets was established after the condition optimization. 25771541 4 56 theme tem- 694:697 arg1 perature 699:706 The column tem- perature 683:706 The column tem- perature 683:706 The column tem- perature was set at 20 °C. 25771541 2 57 theme atenolol 340:347 arg1 enantiomers 349:359 atenolol enantiomers 340:359 atenolol enantiomers 340:359 The fast enantioseparation of atenolol enantiomers on the new stationary phase was achieved through the optimization of mobile phase composition, column temperature and other factors in polar organic solvent mode. 25771541 1 58 theme chiral 215:220 arg1 NESP 240:243 NESP 240:243 NESP 240:243 A novel dinitrophenyl ether β-cyclodextrin-bonded chiral stationary phase (NESP) for HPLC was prepared with ordered mesoporous SBA-15 as matrix. 25771541 1 58 theme chiral 215:220 arg1 matrix 302:307 matrix 302:307 matrix 302:307 A novel dinitrophenyl ether β-cyclodextrin-bonded chiral stationary phase (NESP) for HPLC was prepared with ordered mesoporous SBA-15 as matrix. 25771541 1 58 theme chiral 215:220 arg1 phase 233:237 A novel dinitrophenyl ether β-cyclodextrin-bonded chiral stationary phase 165:237 A novel dinitrophenyl ether β-cyclodextrin-bonded chiral stationary phase (NESP) for HPLC 165:253 A novel dinitrophenyl ether β-cyclodextrin-bonded chiral stationary phase (NESP) for HPLC was prepared with ordered mesoporous SBA-15 as matrix. 25771541 0 59 theme liquid 141:146 arg1 chromatography 148:161 high performance liquid chromatography 124:161 high performance liquid chromatography 124:161 [Enantioseparation and determination of atenolol enantiomers in tables on a β-cyclodextrin-based chiral stationary phase by high performance liquid chromatography]. 25771541 16 60 theme fast 1761:1764 arg1 control 1774:1780 the fast quality control 1757:1780 the fast quality control 1757:1780 It has a good application prospect for the fast quality control and the pharmacokinetics study of chiral drugs. 25771541 16 61 theme drugs 1823:1827 arg1 control 1774:1780 the fast quality control 1757:1780 the fast quality control 1757:1780 It has a good application prospect for the fast quality control and the pharmacokinetics study of chiral drugs. 25771541 16 61 theme drugs 1823:1827 arg1 study 1807:1811 the pharmacokinetics study 1786:1811 the pharmacokinetics study of chiral drugs 1786:1827 It has a good application prospect for the fast quality control and the pharmacokinetics study of chiral drugs. 25771541 12 62 theme % 1316:1316 arg1 recoveries 1253:1262 The recoveries 1249:1262 The recoveries of atenolol enantiomers in tablet samples 1249:1304 The recoveries of atenolol enantiomers in tablet samples were 94.60%-97.24%. 25771541 12 62 theme % 1316:1316 arg1 % 1323:1323 94.60%-97.24% 1311:1323 94.60%-97.24% 1311:1323 The recoveries of atenolol enantiomers in tablet samples were 94.60%-97.24%. 25771541 13 63 theme relative 1330:1337 arg1 RSDs 1360:1363 RSDs 1360:1363 RSDs 1360:1363 The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of this method were not greater than 0.92% for intra-day and 1.86% for inter-day, respectively. 25771541 13 63 theme relative 1330:1337 arg1 deviations 1348:1357 The relative standard deviations 1326:1357 The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of this method 1326:1379 The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of this method were not greater than 0.92% for intra-day and 1.86% for inter-day, respectively. 25771541 13 63 theme relative 1330:1337 arg1 greater 1390:1396 greater 1390:1396 greater 1390:1396 The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of this method were not greater than 0.92% for intra-day and 1.86% for inter-day, respectively. 25771541 9 64 theme mg/L 1197:1200 arg1 range 1180:1184 the range 1176:1184 the range of 2.5-100 mg/L with r of 0 1176:1212 The good linear relationships for two atenolol enantiomers were observed in the range of 2.5-100 mg/L with r of 0. 25771541 16 65 theme good 1727:1730 arg1 prospect 1744:1751 a good application prospect 1725:1751 a good application prospect 1725:1751 It has a good application prospect for the fast quality control and the pharmacokinetics study of chiral drugs. 25771541 0 66 from phase 115:119 arg1 determination 23:35 determination 23:35 determination 23:35 [Enantioseparation and determination of atenolol enantiomers in tables on a β-cyclodextrin-based chiral stationary phase by high performance liquid chromatography]. 25771541 0 66 from phase 115:119 arg1 [Enantioseparation 0:17 [Enantioseparation 0:17 [Enantioseparation 0:17 [Enantioseparation and determination of atenolol enantiomers in tables on a β-cyclodextrin-based chiral stationary phase by high performance liquid chromatography]. 25771541 12 67 theme tablet 1291:1296 arg1 samples 1298:1304 tablet samples 1291:1304 tablet samples 1291:1304 The recoveries of atenolol enantiomers in tablet samples were 94.60%-97.24%. 25771541 14 68 theme concentrations 1496:1509 arg1 mg/L 1530:1533 less than 0.2 mg/L 1516:1533 less than 0.2 mg/L for both enantiomers 1516:1554 The detection limits (S/N = 3) of concentrations were less than 0.2 mg/L for both enantiomers. 25771541 14 68 theme concentrations 1496:1509 arg1 S/N 1484:1486 S/N = 3 1484:1490 S/N = 3 1484:1490 The detection limits (S/N = 3) of concentrations were less than 0.2 mg/L for both enantiomers. 25771541 14 68 theme concentrations 1496:1509 arg1 limits 1476:1481 The detection limits 1462:1481 The detection limits (S/N = 3) of concentrations 1462:1509 The detection limits (S/N = 3) of concentrations were less than 0.2 mg/L for both enantiomers. 25771541 3 69 theme flow 658:661 arg1 rate 663:666 the flow rate 654:666 the flow rate of 0.5 mL/min 654:680 The optimized composition of mobile phase was acetonitrile/methanol/glacial acetic acid/triethylamine (90:10:2.5:3.0, v/v/v/v) at the flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. 25771541 3 70 dep acid/triethylamine 607:624 arg1 v/v/v/v 642:648 v/v/v/v 642:648 v/v/v/v 642:648 The optimized composition of mobile phase was acetonitrile/methanol/glacial acetic acid/triethylamine (90:10:2.5:3.0, v/v/v/v) at the flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. 25771541 3 70 dep acid/triethylamine 607:624 arg1 90:10:2.5:3.0 627:639 90:10:2.5:3.0 627:639 90:10:2.5:3.0 627:639 The optimized composition of mobile phase was acetonitrile/methanol/glacial acetic acid/triethylamine (90:10:2.5:3.0, v/v/v/v) at the flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. 25771541 15 71 theme low 1633:1635 arg1 cost 1637:1640 low cost 1633:1640 low cost 1633:1640 The established method is simple and of high selectivity, high recovery and low cost for enantiomer analysis by using homemade cyclodextrin-based chiral column. 25771541 0 72 theme chiral 97:102 arg1 phase 115:119 a β-cyclodextrin-based chiral stationary phase 74:119 a β-cyclodextrin-based chiral stationary phase 74:119 [Enantioseparation and determination of atenolol enantiomers in tables on a β-cyclodextrin-based chiral stationary phase by high performance liquid chromatography]. 25771541 8 73 theme enantiomers 1027:1037 arg1 method 1008:1013 A new quantitative method 989:1013 A new quantitative method of atenolol enantiomers in tablets 989:1048 A new quantitative method of atenolol enantiomers in tablets was established after the condition optimization. 25771541 1 74 theme novel 167:171 arg1 NESP 240:243 NESP 240:243 NESP 240:243 A novel dinitrophenyl ether β-cyclodextrin-bonded chiral stationary phase (NESP) for HPLC was prepared with ordered mesoporous SBA-15 as matrix. 25771541 1 74 theme novel 167:171 arg1 matrix 302:307 matrix 302:307 matrix 302:307 A novel dinitrophenyl ether β-cyclodextrin-bonded chiral stationary phase (NESP) for HPLC was prepared with ordered mesoporous SBA-15 as matrix. 25771541 1 74 theme novel 167:171 arg1 phase 233:237 A novel dinitrophenyl ether β-cyclodextrin-bonded chiral stationary phase 165:237 A novel dinitrophenyl ether β-cyclodextrin-bonded chiral stationary phase (NESP) for HPLC 165:253 A novel dinitrophenyl ether β-cyclodextrin-bonded chiral stationary phase (NESP) for HPLC was prepared with ordered mesoporous SBA-15 as matrix. 25771541 2 75 theme solvent 510:516 arg1 mode 518:521 polar organic solvent mode 496:521 polar organic solvent mode 496:521 The fast enantioseparation of atenolol enantiomers on the new stationary phase was achieved through the optimization of mobile phase composition, column temperature and other factors in polar organic solvent mode. 25771541 14 76 theme = 1488:1488 arg1 S/N 1484:1486 S/N = 3 1484:1490 S/N = 3 1484:1490 The detection limits (S/N = 3) of concentrations were less than 0.2 mg/L for both enantiomers. 25771541 14 76 theme = 1488:1488 arg1 limits 1476:1481 The detection limits 1462:1481 The detection limits (S/N = 3) of concentrations 1462:1509 The detection limits (S/N = 3) of concentrations were less than 0.2 mg/L for both enantiomers. 25771541 0 77 from tables 64:69 arg1 phase 115:119 a β-cyclodextrin-based chiral stationary phase 74:119 a β-cyclodextrin-based chiral stationary phase 74:119 [Enantioseparation and determination of atenolol enantiomers in tables on a β-cyclodextrin-based chiral stationary phase by high performance liquid chromatography]. 25771541 16 78 contain has 1721:1723 arg2 prospect 1744:1751 a good application prospect 1725:1751 a good application prospect 1725:1751 It has a good application prospect for the fast quality control and the pharmacokinetics study of chiral drugs. 25771541 16 78 contain has 1721:1723 arg1 It 1718:1719 It 1718:1719 It 1718:1719 It has a good application prospect for the fast quality control and the pharmacokinetics study of chiral drugs. 25771541 0 79 theme high 124:127 arg1 chromatography 148:161 high performance liquid chromatography 124:161 high performance liquid chromatography 124:161 [Enantioseparation and determination of atenolol enantiomers in tables on a β-cyclodextrin-based chiral stationary phase by high performance liquid chromatography]. 25771541 12 80 theme atenolol 1267:1274 arg1 enantiomers 1276:1286 atenolol enantiomers 1267:1286 atenolol enantiomers 1267:1286 The recoveries of atenolol enantiomers in tablet samples were 94.60%-97.24%. 25771541 14 81 theme detection 1466:1474 arg1 mg/L 1530:1533 less than 0.2 mg/L 1516:1533 less than 0.2 mg/L for both enantiomers 1516:1554 The detection limits (S/N = 3) of concentrations were less than 0.2 mg/L for both enantiomers. 25771541 14 81 theme detection 1466:1474 arg1 S/N 1484:1486 S/N = 3 1484:1490 S/N = 3 1484:1490 The detection limits (S/N = 3) of concentrations were less than 0.2 mg/L for both enantiomers. 25771541 14 81 theme detection 1466:1474 arg1 limits 1476:1481 The detection limits 1462:1481 The detection limits (S/N = 3) of concentrations 1462:1509 The detection limits (S/N = 3) of concentrations were less than 0.2 mg/L for both enantiomers. 25771541 9 82 theme good 1104:1107 arg1 relationships 1116:1128 The good linear relationships 1100:1128 The good linear relationships for two atenolol enantiomers 1100:1157 The good linear relationships for two atenolol enantiomers were observed in the range of 2.5-100 mg/L with r of 0. 25771541 2 83 theme column 456:461 arg1 temperature 463:473 column temperature 456:473 column temperature 456:473 The fast enantioseparation of atenolol enantiomers on the new stationary phase was achieved through the optimization of mobile phase composition, column temperature and other factors in polar organic solvent mode. 25771541 0 84 theme enantiomers 49:59 arg1 determination 23:35 determination 23:35 determination 23:35 [Enantioseparation and determination of atenolol enantiomers in tables on a β-cyclodextrin-based chiral stationary phase by high performance liquid chromatography]. 25771541 0 84 theme enantiomers 49:59 arg1 [Enantioseparation 0:17 [Enantioseparation 0:17 [Enantioseparation 0:17 [Enantioseparation and determination of atenolol enantiomers in tables on a β-cyclodextrin-based chiral stationary phase by high performance liquid chromatography]. 25771541 2 85 theme polar 496:500 arg1 solvent 510:516 polar organic solvent 496:516 polar organic solvent mode 496:521 The fast enantioseparation of atenolol enantiomers on the new stationary phase was achieved through the optimization of mobile phase composition, column temperature and other factors in polar organic solvent mode. 25771541 3 86 theme mL/min 675:680 arg1 rate 663:666 the flow rate 654:666 the flow rate of 0.5 mL/min 654:680 The optimized composition of mobile phase was acetonitrile/methanol/glacial acetic acid/triethylamine (90:10:2.5:3.0, v/v/v/v) at the flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. 25771541 6 87 theme enantiomers 790:800 arg1 1.73 806:809 1.73 806:809 1.73 806:809 The resolution of atenolol enantiomers was 1.73 with a rather short analysis time, about 20 min, under the above conditions. 25771541 6 87 theme enantiomers 790:800 arg1 resolution 767:776 The resolution 763:776 The resolution of atenolol enantiomers 763:800 The resolution of atenolol enantiomers was 1.73 with a rather short analysis time, about 20 min, under the above conditions. 25771541 2 88 theme mobile 430:435 arg1 phase 437:441 mobile phase composition, column temperature and other factors 430:491 phase 437:441 The fast enantioseparation of atenolol enantiomers on the new stationary phase was achieved through the optimization of mobile phase composition, column temperature and other factors in polar organic solvent mode. 25771541 2 89 theme factors 485:491 arg1 optimization 414:425 the optimization 410:425 the optimization of mobile phase composition, column temperature and other factors in polar organic solvent mode 410:521 The fast enantioseparation of atenolol enantiomers on the new stationary phase was achieved through the optimization of mobile phase composition, column temperature and other factors in polar organic solvent mode. 25771541 2 90 from optimization 414:425 arg1 mode 518:521 polar organic solvent mode 496:521 polar organic solvent mode 496:521 The fast enantioseparation of atenolol enantiomers on the new stationary phase was achieved through the optimization of mobile phase composition, column temperature and other factors in polar organic solvent mode. 25771541 2 91 theme enantiomers 349:359 arg1 enantioseparation 319:335 The fast enantioseparation 310:335 The fast enantioseparation of atenolol enantiomers on the new stationary phase 310:387 The fast enantioseparation of atenolol enantiomers on the new stationary phase was achieved through the optimization of mobile phase composition, column temperature and other factors in polar organic solvent mode. 25771541 9 92 with range 1180:1184 arg1 r 1207:1207 r 1207:1207 r of 0 1207:1212 The good linear relationships for two atenolol enantiomers were observed in the range of 2.5-100 mg/L with r of 0. 25771541 13 93 theme method 1374:1379 arg1 RSDs 1360:1363 RSDs 1360:1363 RSDs 1360:1363 The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of this method were not greater than 0.92% for intra-day and 1.86% for inter-day, respectively. 25771541 13 93 theme method 1374:1379 arg1 deviations 1348:1357 The relative standard deviations 1326:1357 The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of this method 1326:1379 The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of this method were not greater than 0.92% for intra-day and 1.86% for inter-day, respectively. 25771541 13 93 theme method 1374:1379 arg1 greater 1390:1396 greater 1390:1396 greater 1390:1396 The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of this method were not greater than 0.92% for intra-day and 1.86% for inter-day, respectively. 25771541 9 94 located observed 1164:1171 arg2 relationships 1116:1128 The good linear relationships 1100:1128 The good linear relationships for two atenolol enantiomers 1100:1157 The good linear relationships for two atenolol enantiomers were observed in the range of 2.5-100 mg/L with r of 0. 25771541 9 94 located observed 1164:1171 arg1 range 1180:1184 the range 1176:1184 the range of 2.5-100 mg/L with r of 0 1176:1212 The good linear relationships for two atenolol enantiomers were observed in the range of 2.5-100 mg/L with r of 0. 28189235 6 0 theme water 1031:1035 arg1 uptake 1037:1042 water uptake 1031:1042 water uptake 1031:1042 Evidently, the characterization profile revealed a considerable improvement in the morphology, mechanical and water uptake features of the newly developed bio-composites. 28189235 7 1 theme high 1225:1228 arg1 potential 1230:1238 a high potential 1223:1238 a high potential of enzymatic treatment for biotechnological exploitability 1223:1297 In summary, the improved characteristics of bacterial cellulose-assisted de-lignified wheat straw-PVA based bio-composites suggest a high potential of enzymatic treatment for biotechnological exploitability. 28189235 2 2 theme 76.54 381:385 arg1 % 386:386 % 386:386 % 386:386 The ligninolytic consortium showed an enhanced level of de-lignification with a maximal cellulose exposure from 24% to 76.54% cellulose. 28189235 0 3 theme de-lignified 29:40 arg1 based 58:62 Bacterial cellulose-assisted de-lignified wheat straw-PVA based 0:62 Bacterial cellulose-assisted de-lignified wheat straw-PVA based 0:62 Bacterial cellulose-assisted de-lignified wheat straw-PVA based bio-composites with novel characteristics. 28189235 6 4 theme developed 1066:1074 arg1 bio-composites 1076:1089 the newly developed bio-composites 1056:1089 the newly developed bio-composites 1056:1089 Evidently, the characterization profile revealed a considerable improvement in the morphology, mechanical and water uptake features of the newly developed bio-composites. 28189235 6 5 from improvement 985:995 arg1 morphology 1004:1013 the morphology 1000:1013 the morphology 1000:1013 Evidently, the characterization profile revealed a considerable improvement in the morphology, mechanical and water uptake features of the newly developed bio-composites. 28189235 6 6 theme considerable 972:983 arg1 improvement 985:995 a considerable improvement 970:995 a considerable improvement in the morphology 970:1013 Evidently, the characterization profile revealed a considerable improvement in the morphology, mechanical and water uptake features of the newly developed bio-composites. 28189235 6 6 theme considerable 972:983 arg1 features 1044:1051 mechanical and water uptake features 1016:1051 mechanical and water uptake features of the newly developed bio-composites 1016:1089 Evidently, the characterization profile revealed a considerable improvement in the morphology, mechanical and water uptake features of the newly developed bio-composites. 28189235 7 7 theme bacterial 1136:1144 arg1 bio-composites 1200:1213 bacterial cellulose-assisted de-lignified wheat straw-PVA based bio-composites 1136:1213 bacterial cellulose-assisted de-lignified wheat straw-PVA based bio-composites 1136:1213 In summary, the improved characteristics of bacterial cellulose-assisted de-lignified wheat straw-PVA based bio-composites suggest a high potential of enzymatic treatment for biotechnological exploitability. 28189235 3 8 theme wheat 416:420 arg1 straw 422:426 The de-lignified wheat straw 399:426 The de-lignified wheat straw 399:426 The de-lignified wheat straw was further strengthened using bacterial cellulose integration. 28189235 2 9 theme de-lignification 318:333 arg1 level 309:313 an enhanced level 297:313 an enhanced level of de-lignification 297:333 The ligninolytic consortium showed an enhanced level of de-lignification with a maximal cellulose exposure from 24% to 76.54% cellulose. 28189235 4 10 theme compression 519:529 arg1 technique 539:547 a well-known compression molding technique 506:547 a well-known compression molding technique 506:547 Subsequently, a well-known compression molding technique was used to develop bio-composites from a de-lignified and bacterially modified wheat straw in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and glycerol as a plasticizer. 28189235 2 11 from % 376:376 arg1 exposure 360:367 a maximal cellulose exposure 340:367 a maximal cellulose exposure from 24% to 76.54% cellulose 340:396 The ligninolytic consortium showed an enhanced level of de-lignification with a maximal cellulose exposure from 24% to 76.54% cellulose. 28189235 6 12 theme bio-composites 1076:1089 arg1 improvement 985:995 a considerable improvement 970:995 a considerable improvement in the morphology 970:1013 Evidently, the characterization profile revealed a considerable improvement in the morphology, mechanical and water uptake features of the newly developed bio-composites. 28189235 6 12 theme bio-composites 1076:1089 arg1 features 1044:1051 mechanical and water uptake features 1016:1051 mechanical and water uptake features of the newly developed bio-composites 1016:1089 Evidently, the characterization profile revealed a considerable improvement in the morphology, mechanical and water uptake features of the newly developed bio-composites. 28189235 5 13 theme analytical 788:797 arg1 techniques 811:820 analytical and imaging techniques 788:820 analytical and imaging techniques including Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) 788:918 The newly developed bio-composites were characterized using a variety of analytical and imaging techniques including Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). 28189235 5 13 theme analytical 788:797 arg1 Fourier 832:838 Fourier 832:838 Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) 832:918 The newly developed bio-composites were characterized using a variety of analytical and imaging techniques including Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). 28189235 4 14 theme well-known 508:517 arg1 technique 539:547 a well-known compression molding technique 506:547 a well-known compression molding technique 506:547 Subsequently, a well-known compression molding technique was used to develop bio-composites from a de-lignified and bacterially modified wheat straw in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and glycerol as a plasticizer. 28189235 7 15 theme based 1194:1198 arg1 bio-composites 1200:1213 bacterial cellulose-assisted de-lignified wheat straw-PVA based bio-composites 1136:1213 bacterial cellulose-assisted de-lignified wheat straw-PVA based bio-composites 1136:1213 In summary, the improved characteristics of bacterial cellulose-assisted de-lignified wheat straw-PVA based bio-composites suggest a high potential of enzymatic treatment for biotechnological exploitability. 28189235 1 16 used used 176:179 arg2 consortium 161:170 in-house extracted ligninolytic consortium 129:170 in-house extracted ligninolytic consortium 129:170 In the present study, in-house extracted ligninolytic consortium was used as a green catalyst to modify the pristine wheat straw through de-lignification. 28189235 1 16 used used 176:179 arg2 catalyst 192:199 a green catalyst 184:199 a green catalyst to modify the pristine wheat straw through de-lignification 184:259 In the present study, in-house extracted ligninolytic consortium was used as a green catalyst to modify the pristine wheat straw through de-lignification. 28189235 1 17 theme green 186:190 arg1 consortium 161:170 in-house extracted ligninolytic consortium 129:170 in-house extracted ligninolytic consortium 129:170 In the present study, in-house extracted ligninolytic consortium was used as a green catalyst to modify the pristine wheat straw through de-lignification. 28189235 1 17 theme green 186:190 arg1 catalyst 192:199 a green catalyst 184:199 a green catalyst to modify the pristine wheat straw through de-lignification 184:259 In the present study, in-house extracted ligninolytic consortium was used as a green catalyst to modify the pristine wheat straw through de-lignification. 28189235 4 18 from straw 635:639 arg1 bio-composites 569:582 bio-composites 569:582 bio-composites from a de-lignified and bacterially modified wheat straw 569:639 Subsequently, a well-known compression molding technique was used to develop bio-composites from a de-lignified and bacterially modified wheat straw in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and glycerol as a plasticizer. 28189235 4 18 from straw 635:639 arg1 plasticizer 702:712 a plasticizer 700:712 a plasticizer 700:712 Subsequently, a well-known compression molding technique was used to develop bio-composites from a de-lignified and bacterially modified wheat straw in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and glycerol as a plasticizer. 28189235 6 19 theme characterization 936:951 arg1 profile 953:959 the characterization profile 932:959 the characterization profile 932:959 Evidently, the characterization profile revealed a considerable improvement in the morphology, mechanical and water uptake features of the newly developed bio-composites. 28189235 7 20 theme bio-composites 1200:1213 arg1 characteristics 1117:1131 the improved characteristics 1104:1131 the improved characteristics of bacterial cellulose-assisted de-lignified wheat straw-PVA based bio-composites 1104:1213 In summary, the improved characteristics of bacterial cellulose-assisted de-lignified wheat straw-PVA based bio-composites suggest a high potential of enzymatic treatment for biotechnological exploitability. 28189235 7 21 theme de-lignified 1165:1176 arg1 bio-composites 1200:1213 bacterial cellulose-assisted de-lignified wheat straw-PVA based bio-composites 1136:1213 bacterial cellulose-assisted de-lignified wheat straw-PVA based bio-composites 1136:1213 In summary, the improved characteristics of bacterial cellulose-assisted de-lignified wheat straw-PVA based bio-composites suggest a high potential of enzymatic treatment for biotechnological exploitability. 28189235 2 22 theme enhanced 300:307 arg1 level 309:313 an enhanced level 297:313 an enhanced level of de-lignification 297:333 The ligninolytic consortium showed an enhanced level of de-lignification with a maximal cellulose exposure from 24% to 76.54% cellulose. 28189235 0 23 theme cellulose-assisted 10:27 arg1 based 58:62 Bacterial cellulose-assisted de-lignified wheat straw-PVA based 0:62 Bacterial cellulose-assisted de-lignified wheat straw-PVA based 0:62 Bacterial cellulose-assisted de-lignified wheat straw-PVA based bio-composites with novel characteristics. 28189235 4 24 theme molding 531:537 arg1 technique 539:547 a well-known compression molding technique 506:547 a well-known compression molding technique 506:547 Subsequently, a well-known compression molding technique was used to develop bio-composites from a de-lignified and bacterially modified wheat straw in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and glycerol as a plasticizer. 28189235 7 25 theme wheat 1178:1182 arg1 bio-composites 1200:1213 bacterial cellulose-assisted de-lignified wheat straw-PVA based bio-composites 1136:1213 bacterial cellulose-assisted de-lignified wheat straw-PVA based bio-composites 1136:1213 In summary, the improved characteristics of bacterial cellulose-assisted de-lignified wheat straw-PVA based bio-composites suggest a high potential of enzymatic treatment for biotechnological exploitability. 28189235 2 26 theme cellulose 350:358 arg1 exposure 360:367 a maximal cellulose exposure 340:367 a maximal cellulose exposure from 24% to 76.54% cellulose 340:396 The ligninolytic consortium showed an enhanced level of de-lignification with a maximal cellulose exposure from 24% to 76.54% cellulose. 28189235 0 27 theme Bacterial 0:8 arg1 based 58:62 Bacterial cellulose-assisted de-lignified wheat straw-PVA based 0:62 Bacterial cellulose-assisted de-lignified wheat straw-PVA based 0:62 Bacterial cellulose-assisted de-lignified wheat straw-PVA based bio-composites with novel characteristics. 28189235 7 28 theme straw-PVA 1184:1192 arg1 bio-composites 1200:1213 bacterial cellulose-assisted de-lignified wheat straw-PVA based bio-composites 1136:1213 bacterial cellulose-assisted de-lignified wheat straw-PVA based bio-composites 1136:1213 In summary, the improved characteristics of bacterial cellulose-assisted de-lignified wheat straw-PVA based bio-composites suggest a high potential of enzymatic treatment for biotechnological exploitability. 28189235 1 29 theme present 114:120 arg1 study 122:126 the present study 110:126 the present study 110:126 In the present study, in-house extracted ligninolytic consortium was used as a green catalyst to modify the pristine wheat straw through de-lignification. 28189235 3 30 theme bacterial 459:467 arg1 integration 479:489 bacterial cellulose integration 459:489 bacterial cellulose integration 459:489 The de-lignified wheat straw was further strengthened using bacterial cellulose integration. 28189235 0 31 theme wheat 42:46 arg1 based 58:62 Bacterial cellulose-assisted de-lignified wheat straw-PVA based 0:62 Bacterial cellulose-assisted de-lignified wheat straw-PVA based 0:62 Bacterial cellulose-assisted de-lignified wheat straw-PVA based bio-composites with novel characteristics. 28189235 6 32 theme uptake 1037:1042 arg1 improvement 985:995 a considerable improvement 970:995 a considerable improvement in the morphology 970:1013 Evidently, the characterization profile revealed a considerable improvement in the morphology, mechanical and water uptake features of the newly developed bio-composites. 28189235 6 32 theme uptake 1037:1042 arg1 features 1044:1051 mechanical and water uptake features 1016:1051 mechanical and water uptake features of the newly developed bio-composites 1016:1089 Evidently, the characterization profile revealed a considerable improvement in the morphology, mechanical and water uptake features of the newly developed bio-composites. 28189235 7 33 theme cellulose-assisted 1146:1163 arg1 bio-composites 1200:1213 bacterial cellulose-assisted de-lignified wheat straw-PVA based bio-composites 1136:1213 bacterial cellulose-assisted de-lignified wheat straw-PVA based bio-composites 1136:1213 In summary, the improved characteristics of bacterial cellulose-assisted de-lignified wheat straw-PVA based bio-composites suggest a high potential of enzymatic treatment for biotechnological exploitability. 28189235 5 34 theme Electron 894:901 arg1 SEM 915:917 SEM 915:917 SEM 915:917 The newly developed bio-composites were characterized using a variety of analytical and imaging techniques including Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). 28189235 5 34 theme Electron 894:901 arg1 Microscopy 903:912 Scanning Electron Microscopy 885:912 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) 885:918 The newly developed bio-composites were characterized using a variety of analytical and imaging techniques including Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). 28189235 2 35 theme maximal 342:348 arg1 exposure 360:367 a maximal cellulose exposure 340:367 a maximal cellulose exposure from 24% to 76.54% cellulose 340:396 The ligninolytic consortium showed an enhanced level of de-lignification with a maximal cellulose exposure from 24% to 76.54% cellulose. 28189235 4 36 theme wheat 629:633 arg1 straw 635:639 a de-lignified and bacterially modified wheat straw 589:639 a de-lignified and bacterially modified wheat straw 589:639 Subsequently, a well-known compression molding technique was used to develop bio-composites from a de-lignified and bacterially modified wheat straw in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and glycerol as a plasticizer. 28189235 5 37 dep Fourier 832:838 arg1 Transform 840:848 Transform 840:848 Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) 840:918 The newly developed bio-composites were characterized using a variety of analytical and imaging techniques including Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). 28189235 1 38 theme pristine 215:222 arg1 straw 230:234 the pristine wheat straw 211:234 the pristine wheat straw 211:234 In the present study, in-house extracted ligninolytic consortium was used as a green catalyst to modify the pristine wheat straw through de-lignification. 28189235 7 39 theme treatment 1253:1261 arg1 potential 1230:1238 a high potential 1223:1238 a high potential of enzymatic treatment for biotechnological exploitability 1223:1297 In summary, the improved characteristics of bacterial cellulose-assisted de-lignified wheat straw-PVA based bio-composites suggest a high potential of enzymatic treatment for biotechnological exploitability. 28189235 4 40 theme modified 620:627 arg1 straw 635:639 a de-lignified and bacterially modified wheat straw 589:639 a de-lignified and bacterially modified wheat straw 589:639 Subsequently, a well-known compression molding technique was used to develop bio-composites from a de-lignified and bacterially modified wheat straw in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and glycerol as a plasticizer. 28189235 4 41 theme glycerol 688:695 arg1 presence 648:655 the presence 644:655 the presence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and glycerol 644:695 Subsequently, a well-known compression molding technique was used to develop bio-composites from a de-lignified and bacterially modified wheat straw in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and glycerol as a plasticizer. 28189235 1 42 theme wheat 224:228 arg1 straw 230:234 the pristine wheat straw 211:234 the pristine wheat straw 211:234 In the present study, in-house extracted ligninolytic consortium was used as a green catalyst to modify the pristine wheat straw through de-lignification. 28189235 0 43 theme straw-PVA 48:56 arg1 based 58:62 Bacterial cellulose-assisted de-lignified wheat straw-PVA based 0:62 Bacterial cellulose-assisted de-lignified wheat straw-PVA based 0:62 Bacterial cellulose-assisted de-lignified wheat straw-PVA based bio-composites with novel characteristics. 28189235 6 44 theme mechanical 1016:1025 arg1 improvement 985:995 a considerable improvement 970:995 a considerable improvement in the morphology 970:1013 Evidently, the characterization profile revealed a considerable improvement in the morphology, mechanical and water uptake features of the newly developed bio-composites. 28189235 6 44 theme mechanical 1016:1025 arg1 features 1044:1051 mechanical and water uptake features 1016:1051 mechanical and water uptake features of the newly developed bio-composites 1016:1089 Evidently, the characterization profile revealed a considerable improvement in the morphology, mechanical and water uptake features of the newly developed bio-composites. 28189235 5 45 theme Infra-Red 850:858 arg1 Spectroscopy 860:871 Infra-Red Spectroscopy 850:871 Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR) 850:879 The newly developed bio-composites were characterized using a variety of analytical and imaging techniques including Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). 28189235 5 45 theme Infra-Red 850:858 arg1 FT-IR 874:878 FT-IR 874:878 FT-IR 874:878 The newly developed bio-composites were characterized using a variety of analytical and imaging techniques including Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). 28189235 7 46 theme biotechnological 1267:1282 arg1 exploitability 1284:1297 biotechnological exploitability 1267:1297 biotechnological exploitability 1267:1297 In summary, the improved characteristics of bacterial cellulose-assisted de-lignified wheat straw-PVA based bio-composites suggest a high potential of enzymatic treatment for biotechnological exploitability. 28189235 5 47 theme Scanning 885:892 arg1 SEM 915:917 SEM 915:917 SEM 915:917 The newly developed bio-composites were characterized using a variety of analytical and imaging techniques including Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). 28189235 5 47 theme Scanning 885:892 arg1 Microscopy 903:912 Scanning Electron Microscopy 885:912 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) 885:918 The newly developed bio-composites were characterized using a variety of analytical and imaging techniques including Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). 28189235 3 48 theme cellulose 469:477 arg1 integration 479:489 bacterial cellulose integration 459:489 bacterial cellulose integration 459:489 The de-lignified wheat straw was further strengthened using bacterial cellulose integration. 28189235 1 49 theme in-house 129:136 arg1 consortium 161:170 in-house extracted ligninolytic consortium 129:170 in-house extracted ligninolytic consortium 129:170 In the present study, in-house extracted ligninolytic consortium was used as a green catalyst to modify the pristine wheat straw through de-lignification. 28189235 1 49 theme in-house 129:136 arg1 catalyst 192:199 a green catalyst 184:199 a green catalyst to modify the pristine wheat straw through de-lignification 184:259 In the present study, in-house extracted ligninolytic consortium was used as a green catalyst to modify the pristine wheat straw through de-lignification. 28189235 7 50 theme enzymatic 1243:1251 arg1 treatment 1253:1261 enzymatic treatment 1243:1261 enzymatic treatment 1243:1261 In summary, the improved characteristics of bacterial cellulose-assisted de-lignified wheat straw-PVA based bio-composites suggest a high potential of enzymatic treatment for biotechnological exploitability. 28189235 4 51 theme de-lignified 591:602 arg1 straw 635:639 a de-lignified and bacterially modified wheat straw 589:639 a de-lignified and bacterially modified wheat straw 589:639 Subsequently, a well-known compression molding technique was used to develop bio-composites from a de-lignified and bacterially modified wheat straw in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and glycerol as a plasticizer. 28189235 1 52 theme extracted 138:146 arg1 consortium 161:170 in-house extracted ligninolytic consortium 129:170 in-house extracted ligninolytic consortium 129:170 In the present study, in-house extracted ligninolytic consortium was used as a green catalyst to modify the pristine wheat straw through de-lignification. 28189235 1 52 theme extracted 138:146 arg1 catalyst 192:199 a green catalyst 184:199 a green catalyst to modify the pristine wheat straw through de-lignification 184:259 In the present study, in-house extracted ligninolytic consortium was used as a green catalyst to modify the pristine wheat straw through de-lignification. 28189235 5 53 theme developed 725:733 arg1 bio-composites 735:748 The newly developed bio-composites 715:748 The newly developed bio-composites 715:748 The newly developed bio-composites were characterized using a variety of analytical and imaging techniques including Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). 28189235 5 54 theme techniques 811:820 arg1 techniques 811:820 analytical and imaging techniques 788:820 analytical and imaging techniques including Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) 788:918 The newly developed bio-composites were characterized using a variety of analytical and imaging techniques including Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). 28189235 5 54 theme techniques 811:820 arg1 variety 777:783 a variety 775:783 a variety of analytical and imaging techniques including Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) 775:918 The newly developed bio-composites were characterized using a variety of analytical and imaging techniques including Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). 28189235 5 54 theme techniques 811:820 arg1 Fourier 832:838 Fourier 832:838 Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) 832:918 The newly developed bio-composites were characterized using a variety of analytical and imaging techniques including Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). 28189235 1 55 theme ligninolytic 148:159 arg1 consortium 161:170 in-house extracted ligninolytic consortium 129:170 in-house extracted ligninolytic consortium 129:170 In the present study, in-house extracted ligninolytic consortium was used as a green catalyst to modify the pristine wheat straw through de-lignification. 28189235 1 55 theme ligninolytic 148:159 arg1 catalyst 192:199 a green catalyst 184:199 a green catalyst to modify the pristine wheat straw through de-lignification 184:259 In the present study, in-house extracted ligninolytic consortium was used as a green catalyst to modify the pristine wheat straw through de-lignification. 28189235 4 56 theme polyvinyl 660:668 arg1 PVA 679:681 PVA 679:681 PVA 679:681 Subsequently, a well-known compression molding technique was used to develop bio-composites from a de-lignified and bacterially modified wheat straw in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and glycerol as a plasticizer. 28189235 4 56 theme polyvinyl 660:668 arg1 alcohol 670:676 polyvinyl alcohol 660:676 polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) 660:682 Subsequently, a well-known compression molding technique was used to develop bio-composites from a de-lignified and bacterially modified wheat straw in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and glycerol as a plasticizer. 28189235 4 57 used used 553:556 arg2 technique 539:547 a well-known compression molding technique 506:547 a well-known compression molding technique 506:547 Subsequently, a well-known compression molding technique was used to develop bio-composites from a de-lignified and bacterially modified wheat straw in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and glycerol as a plasticizer. 28189235 5 58 theme imaging 803:809 arg1 techniques 811:820 analytical and imaging techniques 788:820 analytical and imaging techniques including Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) 788:918 The newly developed bio-composites were characterized using a variety of analytical and imaging techniques including Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). 28189235 5 58 theme imaging 803:809 arg1 Fourier 832:838 Fourier 832:838 Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) 832:918 The newly developed bio-composites were characterized using a variety of analytical and imaging techniques including Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). 28189235 7 59 theme improved 1108:1115 arg1 characteristics 1117:1131 the improved characteristics 1104:1131 the improved characteristics of bacterial cellulose-assisted de-lignified wheat straw-PVA based bio-composites 1104:1213 In summary, the improved characteristics of bacterial cellulose-assisted de-lignified wheat straw-PVA based bio-composites suggest a high potential of enzymatic treatment for biotechnological exploitability. 28189235 3 60 theme de-lignified 403:414 arg1 straw 422:426 The de-lignified wheat straw 399:426 The de-lignified wheat straw 399:426 The de-lignified wheat straw was further strengthened using bacterial cellulose integration. 28189235 0 61 theme novel 84:88 arg1 characteristics 90:104 novel characteristics 84:104 novel characteristics 84:104 Bacterial cellulose-assisted de-lignified wheat straw-PVA based bio-composites with novel characteristics. 28189235 2 62 theme ligninolytic 266:277 arg1 consortium 279:288 The ligninolytic consortium 262:288 The ligninolytic consortium 262:288 The ligninolytic consortium showed an enhanced level of de-lignification with a maximal cellulose exposure from 24% to 76.54% cellulose. 28189235 2 63 theme % 386:386 arg1 cellulose 388:396 76.54% cellulose 381:396 76.54% cellulose 381:396 The ligninolytic consortium showed an enhanced level of de-lignification with a maximal cellulose exposure from 24% to 76.54% cellulose. 28189235 4 64 theme alcohol 670:676 arg1 presence 648:655 the presence 644:655 the presence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and glycerol 644:695 Subsequently, a well-known compression molding technique was used to develop bio-composites from a de-lignified and bacterially modified wheat straw in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and glycerol as a plasticizer. 28684350 5 0 theme composite 660:668 arg1 film 670:673 the CS/GO@SiO2 composite film 645:673 the CS/GO@SiO2 composite film 645:673 Compared with the pure CS film, the tensile strength of the CS/GO@SiO2 composite film with incorporation of 1.75wt% GO@SiO2 fillers was significantly increased 158% from 55±4 to 142±24MPa. 28684350 6 1 theme CS 910:911 arg1 matrix 913:918 the CS matrix 906:918 the CS matrix 906:918 Such high tensile strength may be caused synergistically by strong interaction between two components and high crystallinity of the CS matrix. 28684350 3 2 from method 467:472 arg1 article 482:488 this article 477:488 this article 477:488 Ultrastrong composite film of CS and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets (GO@SiO2) were prepared by a simple solution casting method in this article. 28684350 3 3 theme Ultrastrong 341:351 arg1 film 363:366 Ultrastrong composite film 341:366 Ultrastrong composite film of CS and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets (GO@SiO2) 341:422 Ultrastrong composite film of CS and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets (GO@SiO2) were prepared by a simple solution casting method in this article. 28684350 2 4 theme CS 274:275 arg1 applications 258:269 wide-range applications 247:269 wide-range applications of CS 247:275 However, wide-range applications of CS are severely limited because of its poor mechanical properties. 28684350 3 5 theme silica-coated 378:390 arg1 SiO2 418:421 GO@SiO2 415:421 GO@SiO2 415:421 Ultrastrong composite film of CS and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets (GO@SiO2) were prepared by a simple solution casting method in this article. 28684350 3 5 theme silica-coated 378:390 arg1 sheets 407:412 CS and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets 371:412 CS and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets (GO@SiO2) 371:422 Ultrastrong composite film of CS and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets (GO@SiO2) were prepared by a simple solution casting method in this article. 28684350 3 6 theme composite 353:361 arg1 film 363:366 Ultrastrong composite film 341:366 Ultrastrong composite film of CS and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets (GO@SiO2) 341:422 Ultrastrong composite film of CS and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets (GO@SiO2) were prepared by a simple solution casting method in this article. 28684350 5 7 with strength 633:640 arg1 incorporation 680:692 incorporation 680:692 incorporation of 1.75wt% GO@SiO2 fillers 680:719 Compared with the pure CS film, the tensile strength of the CS/GO@SiO2 composite film with incorporation of 1.75wt% GO@SiO2 fillers was significantly increased 158% from 55±4 to 142±24MPa. 28684350 5 8 theme pure 607:610 arg1 film 615:618 the pure CS film 603:618 the pure CS film 603:618 Compared with the pure CS film, the tensile strength of the CS/GO@SiO2 composite film with incorporation of 1.75wt% GO@SiO2 fillers was significantly increased 158% from 55±4 to 142±24MPa. 28684350 4 9 theme tetraethyl 533:542 arg1 TEOS 559:562 TEOS 559:562 TEOS 559:562 GO@SiO2 was prepared by the hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in GO ethanol solution. 28684350 4 9 theme tetraethyl 533:542 arg1 orthosilicate 544:556 tetraethyl orthosilicate 533:556 tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) 533:563 GO@SiO2 was prepared by the hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in GO ethanol solution. 28684350 5 10 theme SiO2 655:658 arg1 film 670:673 the CS/GO@SiO2 composite film 645:673 the CS/GO@SiO2 composite film 645:673 Compared with the pure CS film, the tensile strength of the CS/GO@SiO2 composite film with incorporation of 1.75wt% GO@SiO2 fillers was significantly increased 158% from 55±4 to 142±24MPa. 28684350 3 11 theme solution 450:457 arg1 method 467:472 a simple solution casting method 441:472 a simple solution casting method in this article 441:488 Ultrastrong composite film of CS and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets (GO@SiO2) were prepared by a simple solution casting method in this article. 28684350 7 12 theme biomedical 1006:1015 arg1 fields 1017:1022 biomedical fields 1006:1022 biomedical fields 1006:1022 CS based composite with ultrastrong strength may have more potential applications in biomedical fields. 28684350 5 13 theme SiO2 708:711 arg1 fillers 713:719 @SiO2 fillers 707:719 1.75wt% GO@SiO2 fillers 697:719 Compared with the pure CS film, the tensile strength of the CS/GO@SiO2 composite film with incorporation of 1.75wt% GO@SiO2 fillers was significantly increased 158% from 55±4 to 142±24MPa. 28684350 7 14 with composite 930:938 arg1 strength 957:964 ultrastrong strength 945:964 ultrastrong strength 945:964 CS based composite with ultrastrong strength may have more potential applications in biomedical fields. 28684350 3 15 theme @ 417:417 arg1 SiO2 418:421 GO@SiO2 415:421 GO@SiO2 415:421 Ultrastrong composite film of CS and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets (GO@SiO2) were prepared by a simple solution casting method in this article. 28684350 3 15 theme @ 417:417 arg1 sheets 407:412 CS and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets 371:412 CS and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets (GO@SiO2) 371:422 Ultrastrong composite film of CS and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets (GO@SiO2) were prepared by a simple solution casting method in this article. 28684350 0 16 theme silica-coated 43:55 arg1 film 22:25 composite film 12:25 composite film of Chitosan and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets 12:77 Ultrastrong composite film of Chitosan and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets. 28684350 6 17 theme high 783:786 arg1 strength 796:803 Such high tensile strength 778:803 Such high tensile strength 778:803 Such high tensile strength may be caused synergistically by strong interaction between two components and high crystallinity of the CS matrix. 28684350 5 18 theme 1.75wt 697:702 arg1 % 703:703 1.75wt% GO@SiO2 fillers 697:719 1.75wt% GO@SiO2 fillers 697:719 Compared with the pure CS film, the tensile strength of the CS/GO@SiO2 composite film with incorporation of 1.75wt% GO@SiO2 fillers was significantly increased 158% from 55±4 to 142±24MPa. 28684350 1 19 from interest 120:127 arg1 fields 140:145 various fields 132:145 various fields 132:145 Chitosan (CS) has attracted significant interest in various fields due to its outstanding functional properties (especially, its chain with positive charge). 28684350 2 20 theme wide-range 247:256 arg1 applications 258:269 wide-range applications 247:269 wide-range applications of CS 247:275 However, wide-range applications of CS are severely limited because of its poor mechanical properties. 28684350 1 21 theme outstanding 158:168 arg1 properties 181:190 its outstanding functional properties 154:190 its outstanding functional properties (especially, its chain with positive charge) 154:235 Chitosan (CS) has attracted significant interest in various fields due to its outstanding functional properties (especially, its chain with positive charge). 28684350 0 22 theme composite 12:20 arg1 film 22:25 composite film 12:25 composite film of Chitosan and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets 12:77 Ultrastrong composite film of Chitosan and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets. 28684350 6 23 theme Such 778:781 arg1 strength 796:803 Such high tensile strength 778:803 Such high tensile strength 778:803 Such high tensile strength may be caused synergistically by strong interaction between two components and high crystallinity of the CS matrix. 28684350 6 24 theme tensile 788:794 arg1 strength 796:803 Such high tensile strength 778:803 Such high tensile strength 778:803 Such high tensile strength may be caused synergistically by strong interaction between two components and high crystallinity of the CS matrix. 28684350 1 25 theme functional 170:179 arg1 properties 181:190 its outstanding functional properties 154:190 its outstanding functional properties (especially, its chain with positive charge) 154:235 Chitosan (CS) has attracted significant interest in various fields due to its outstanding functional properties (especially, its chain with positive charge). 28684350 6 26 theme high 884:887 arg1 crystallinity 889:901 high crystallinity 884:901 high crystallinity 884:901 Such high tensile strength may be caused synergistically by strong interaction between two components and high crystallinity of the CS matrix. 28684350 5 27 dep % 703:703 arg1 GO 705:706 GO 705:706 GO 705:706 Compared with the pure CS film, the tensile strength of the CS/GO@SiO2 composite film with incorporation of 1.75wt% GO@SiO2 fillers was significantly increased 158% from 55±4 to 142±24MPa. 28684350 5 27 dep % 703:703 arg1 fillers 713:719 @SiO2 fillers 707:719 1.75wt% GO@SiO2 fillers 697:719 Compared with the pure CS film, the tensile strength of the CS/GO@SiO2 composite film with incorporation of 1.75wt% GO@SiO2 fillers was significantly increased 158% from 55±4 to 142±24MPa. 28684350 7 28 contain have 970:973 arg2 applications 990:1001 more potential applications 975:1001 more potential applications 975:1001 CS based composite with ultrastrong strength may have more potential applications in biomedical fields. 28684350 7 28 contain have 970:973 arg1 CS 921:922 CS 921:922 CS based composite with ultrastrong strength 921:964 CS based composite with ultrastrong strength may have more potential applications in biomedical fields. 28684350 3 29 theme GO 415:416 arg1 SiO2 418:421 GO@SiO2 415:421 GO@SiO2 415:421 Ultrastrong composite film of CS and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets (GO@SiO2) were prepared by a simple solution casting method in this article. 28684350 3 29 theme GO 415:416 arg1 sheets 407:412 CS and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets 371:412 CS and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets (GO@SiO2) 371:422 Ultrastrong composite film of CS and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets (GO@SiO2) were prepared by a simple solution casting method in this article. 28684350 5 30 theme tensile 625:631 arg1 strength 633:640 the tensile strength 621:640 the tensile strength of the CS/GO@SiO2 composite film with incorporation of 1.75wt% GO@SiO2 fillers 621:719 Compared with the pure CS film, the tensile strength of the CS/GO@SiO2 composite film with incorporation of 1.75wt% GO@SiO2 fillers was significantly increased 158% from 55±4 to 142±24MPa. 28684350 6 31 theme matrix 913:918 arg1 components 869:878 two components 865:878 two components 865:878 Such high tensile strength may be caused synergistically by strong interaction between two components and high crystallinity of the CS matrix. 28684350 6 31 theme matrix 913:918 arg1 crystallinity 889:901 high crystallinity 884:901 high crystallinity 884:901 Such high tensile strength may be caused synergistically by strong interaction between two components and high crystallinity of the CS matrix. 28684350 4 32 theme ethanol 571:577 arg1 solution 579:586 GO ethanol solution 568:586 GO ethanol solution 568:586 GO@SiO2 was prepared by the hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in GO ethanol solution. 28684350 7 33 theme potential 980:988 arg1 applications 990:1001 more potential applications 975:1001 more potential applications 975:1001 CS based composite with ultrastrong strength may have more potential applications in biomedical fields. 28684350 4 34 theme GO 568:569 arg1 solution 579:586 GO ethanol solution 568:586 GO ethanol solution 568:586 GO@SiO2 was prepared by the hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in GO ethanol solution. 28684350 3 35 theme oxide 401:405 arg1 SiO2 418:421 GO@SiO2 415:421 GO@SiO2 415:421 Ultrastrong composite film of CS and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets (GO@SiO2) were prepared by a simple solution casting method in this article. 28684350 3 35 theme oxide 401:405 arg1 sheets 407:412 CS and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets 371:412 CS and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets (GO@SiO2) 371:422 Ultrastrong composite film of CS and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets (GO@SiO2) were prepared by a simple solution casting method in this article. 28684350 3 36 theme casting 459:465 arg1 method 467:472 a simple solution casting method 441:472 a simple solution casting method in this article 441:488 Ultrastrong composite film of CS and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets (GO@SiO2) were prepared by a simple solution casting method in this article. 28684350 0 37 theme Chitosan 30:37 arg1 film 22:25 composite film 12:25 composite film of Chitosan and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets 12:77 Ultrastrong composite film of Chitosan and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets. 28684350 3 38 theme sheets 407:412 arg1 film 363:366 Ultrastrong composite film 341:366 Ultrastrong composite film of CS and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets (GO@SiO2) 341:422 Ultrastrong composite film of CS and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets (GO@SiO2) were prepared by a simple solution casting method in this article. 28684350 1 39 dep properties 181:190 arg1 chain 209:213 its chain 205:213 its chain 205:213 Chitosan (CS) has attracted significant interest in various fields due to its outstanding functional properties (especially, its chain with positive charge). 28684350 4 40 from hydrolysis 519:528 arg1 solution 579:586 GO ethanol solution 568:586 GO ethanol solution 568:586 GO@SiO2 was prepared by the hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in GO ethanol solution. 28684350 0 41 theme graphene 57:64 arg1 sheets 72:77 graphene oxide sheets 57:77 graphene oxide sheets 57:77 Ultrastrong composite film of Chitosan and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets. 28684350 5 42 theme CS/GO 649:653 arg1 film 670:673 the CS/GO@SiO2 composite film 645:673 the CS/GO@SiO2 composite film 645:673 Compared with the pure CS film, the tensile strength of the CS/GO@SiO2 composite film with incorporation of 1.75wt% GO@SiO2 fillers was significantly increased 158% from 55±4 to 142±24MPa. 28684350 5 43 theme @ 707:707 arg1 fillers 713:719 @SiO2 fillers 707:719 1.75wt% GO@SiO2 fillers 697:719 Compared with the pure CS film, the tensile strength of the CS/GO@SiO2 composite film with incorporation of 1.75wt% GO@SiO2 fillers was significantly increased 158% from 55±4 to 142±24MPa. 28684350 2 44 theme mechanical 318:327 arg1 properties 329:338 its poor mechanical properties 309:338 its poor mechanical properties 309:338 However, wide-range applications of CS are severely limited because of its poor mechanical properties. 28684350 3 45 theme graphene 392:399 arg1 SiO2 418:421 GO@SiO2 415:421 GO@SiO2 415:421 Ultrastrong composite film of CS and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets (GO@SiO2) were prepared by a simple solution casting method in this article. 28684350 3 45 theme graphene 392:399 arg1 sheets 407:412 CS and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets 371:412 CS and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets (GO@SiO2) 371:422 Ultrastrong composite film of CS and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets (GO@SiO2) were prepared by a simple solution casting method in this article. 28684350 6 46 theme strong 838:843 arg1 interaction 845:855 strong interaction 838:855 strong interaction between two components and high crystallinity of the CS matrix 838:918 Such high tensile strength may be caused synergistically by strong interaction between two components and high crystallinity of the CS matrix. 28684350 4 47 theme orthosilicate 544:556 arg1 hydrolysis 519:528 the hydrolysis 515:528 the hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in GO ethanol solution 515:586 GO@SiO2 was prepared by the hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in GO ethanol solution. 28684350 0 48 dep Chitosan 30:37 arg1 sheets 72:77 graphene oxide sheets 57:77 graphene oxide sheets 57:77 Ultrastrong composite film of Chitosan and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets. 28684350 1 49 theme significant 108:118 arg1 interest 120:127 significant interest 108:127 significant interest in various fields 108:145 Chitosan (CS) has attracted significant interest in various fields due to its outstanding functional properties (especially, its chain with positive charge). 28684350 4 50 theme @ 493:493 arg1 SiO2 494:497 @SiO2 493:497 GO@SiO2 491:497 GO@SiO2 was prepared by the hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in GO ethanol solution. 28684350 5 51 theme CS 612:613 arg1 film 615:618 the pure CS film 603:618 the pure CS film 603:618 Compared with the pure CS film, the tensile strength of the CS/GO@SiO2 composite film with incorporation of 1.75wt% GO@SiO2 fillers was significantly increased 158% from 55±4 to 142±24MPa. 28684350 3 52 theme simple 443:448 arg1 method 467:472 a simple solution casting method 441:472 a simple solution casting method in this article 441:488 Ultrastrong composite film of CS and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets (GO@SiO2) were prepared by a simple solution casting method in this article. 28684350 5 53 theme film 670:673 arg1 strength 633:640 the tensile strength 621:640 the tensile strength of the CS/GO@SiO2 composite film with incorporation of 1.75wt% GO@SiO2 fillers 621:719 Compared with the pure CS film, the tensile strength of the CS/GO@SiO2 composite film with incorporation of 1.75wt% GO@SiO2 fillers was significantly increased 158% from 55±4 to 142±24MPa. 28684350 2 54 theme poor 313:316 arg1 properties 329:338 its poor mechanical properties 309:338 its poor mechanical properties 309:338 However, wide-range applications of CS are severely limited because of its poor mechanical properties. 28684350 7 55 theme ultrastrong 945:955 arg1 strength 957:964 ultrastrong strength 945:964 ultrastrong strength 945:964 CS based composite with ultrastrong strength may have more potential applications in biomedical fields. 28684350 1 56 theme various 132:138 arg1 fields 140:145 various fields 132:145 various fields 132:145 Chitosan (CS) has attracted significant interest in various fields due to its outstanding functional properties (especially, its chain with positive charge). 28684350 1 57 theme positive 220:227 arg1 charge 229:234 positive charge 220:234 positive charge 220:234 Chitosan (CS) has attracted significant interest in various fields due to its outstanding functional properties (especially, its chain with positive charge). 28684350 0 58 theme oxide 66:70 arg1 sheets 72:77 graphene oxide sheets 57:77 graphene oxide sheets 57:77 Ultrastrong composite film of Chitosan and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets. 28684350 4 59 dep SiO2 494:497 arg1 GO 491:492 GO 491:492 GO 491:492 GO@SiO2 was prepared by the hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in GO ethanol solution. 28684350 5 60 theme % 703:703 arg1 incorporation 680:692 incorporation 680:692 incorporation of 1.75wt% GO@SiO2 fillers 680:719 Compared with the pure CS film, the tensile strength of the CS/GO@SiO2 composite film with incorporation of 1.75wt% GO@SiO2 fillers was significantly increased 158% from 55±4 to 142±24MPa. 28684350 1 61 with chain 209:213 arg1 charge 229:234 positive charge 220:234 positive charge 220:234 Chitosan (CS) has attracted significant interest in various fields due to its outstanding functional properties (especially, its chain with positive charge). 28684350 3 62 theme CS 371:372 arg1 SiO2 418:421 GO@SiO2 415:421 GO@SiO2 415:421 Ultrastrong composite film of CS and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets (GO@SiO2) were prepared by a simple solution casting method in this article. 28684350 3 62 theme CS 371:372 arg1 sheets 407:412 CS and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets 371:412 CS and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets (GO@SiO2) 371:422 Ultrastrong composite film of CS and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets (GO@SiO2) were prepared by a simple solution casting method in this article. 28684350 5 63 theme @ 654:654 arg1 film 670:673 the CS/GO@SiO2 composite film 645:673 the CS/GO@SiO2 composite film 645:673 Compared with the pure CS film, the tensile strength of the CS/GO@SiO2 composite film with incorporation of 1.75wt% GO@SiO2 fillers was significantly increased 158% from 55±4 to 142±24MPa. 24299830 5 0 theme nanofiber 654:662 arg1 film 664:667 the nanofiber film 650:667 the nanofiber film 650:667 At the same time, glycerol did not change the high transparency or the low thermal expansion of the nanofiber film. 24299830 5 1 theme same 561:564 arg1 time 566:569 the same time 557:569 the same time 557:569 At the same time, glycerol did not change the high transparency or the low thermal expansion of the nanofiber film. 24299830 2 2 theme Nanofiber 227:235 arg1 networks 237:244 Nanofiber networks 227:244 Nanofiber networks 227:244 Nanofiber networks were able to retain excessive glycerol content up to 70% to obtain self-standing film. 24299830 4 3 theme plasticizing 533:544 arg1 effect 546:551 its plasticizing effect 529:551 its plasticizing effect 529:551 Glycerol significantly decreased the Young's moduli and tensile strengths, and increased the fracture strain due to its plasticizing effect. 24299830 1 4 theme Surface-deacetylated 109:128 arg1 films 147:151 Surface-deacetylated chitin nanofiber films 109:151 Surface-deacetylated chitin nanofiber films plasticized with glycerol 109:177 Surface-deacetylated chitin nanofiber films plasticized with glycerol were prepared to control mechanical properties. 24299830 4 5 theme fracture 506:513 arg1 strain 515:520 the fracture strain 502:520 the fracture strain due to its plasticizing effect 502:551 Glycerol significantly decreased the Young's moduli and tensile strengths, and increased the fracture strain due to its plasticizing effect. 24299830 4 6 theme Young 450:454 arg1 moduli 458:463 the Young's moduli 446:463 the Young's moduli 446:463 Glycerol significantly decreased the Young's moduli and tensile strengths, and increased the fracture strain due to its plasticizing effect. 24299830 5 7 theme thermal 629:635 arg1 expansion 637:645 the low thermal expansion 621:645 the low thermal expansion 621:645 At the same time, glycerol did not change the high transparency or the low thermal expansion of the nanofiber film. 24299830 5 8 theme low 625:627 arg1 expansion 637:645 the low thermal expansion 621:645 the low thermal expansion 621:645 At the same time, glycerol did not change the high transparency or the low thermal expansion of the nanofiber film. 24299830 4 9 theme due 522:524 arg1 strain 515:520 the fracture strain 502:520 the fracture strain due to its plasticizing effect 502:551 Glycerol significantly decreased the Young's moduli and tensile strengths, and increased the fracture strain due to its plasticizing effect. 24299830 1 10 theme mechanical 204:213 arg1 properties 215:224 mechanical properties 204:224 mechanical properties 204:224 Surface-deacetylated chitin nanofiber films plasticized with glycerol were prepared to control mechanical properties. 24299830 5 11 theme film 664:667 arg1 expansion 637:645 the low thermal expansion 621:645 the low thermal expansion 621:645 At the same time, glycerol did not change the high transparency or the low thermal expansion of the nanofiber film. 24299830 5 11 theme film 664:667 arg1 transparency 605:616 the high transparency 596:616 the high transparency 596:616 At the same time, glycerol did not change the high transparency or the low thermal expansion of the nanofiber film. 24299830 3 12 theme glycerol 395:402 arg1 content 404:410 glycerol content 395:410 glycerol content 395:410 All films were flexible and highly transparent independent of glycerol content. 24299830 5 13 theme high 600:603 arg1 transparency 605:616 the high transparency 596:616 the high transparency 596:616 At the same time, glycerol did not change the high transparency or the low thermal expansion of the nanofiber film. 24299830 3 14 theme content 404:410 arg1 independent 380:390 independent 380:390 independent 380:390 All films were flexible and highly transparent independent of glycerol content. 24299830 2 15 theme self-standing 313:325 arg1 film 327:330 self-standing film 313:330 self-standing film 313:330 Nanofiber networks were able to retain excessive glycerol content up to 70% to obtain self-standing film. 24299830 0 16 theme chitin 36:41 arg1 film 53:56 chitin nanofiber film 36:56 chitin nanofiber film using glycerol without losing its characteristics 36:106 Control of mechanical properties of chitin nanofiber film using glycerol without losing its characteristics. 24299830 3 17 dep flexible 348:355 arg1 independent 380:390 independent 380:390 independent 380:390 All films were flexible and highly transparent independent of glycerol content. 24299830 2 18 theme excessive 266:274 arg1 content 285:291 excessive glycerol content 266:291 excessive glycerol content up to 70% to obtain self-standing film 266:330 Nanofiber networks were able to retain excessive glycerol content up to 70% to obtain self-standing film. 24299830 0 19 theme mechanical 11:20 arg1 properties 22:31 mechanical properties 11:31 mechanical properties of chitin nanofiber film using glycerol without losing its characteristics 11:106 Control of mechanical properties of chitin nanofiber film using glycerol without losing its characteristics. 24299830 0 20 theme properties 22:31 arg1 Control 0:6 Control 0:6 Control of mechanical properties of chitin nanofiber film using glycerol without losing its characteristics. 0:107 Control of mechanical properties of chitin nanofiber film using glycerol without losing its characteristics. 24299830 0 21 theme film 53:56 arg1 properties 22:31 mechanical properties 11:31 mechanical properties of chitin nanofiber film using glycerol without losing its characteristics 11:106 Control of mechanical properties of chitin nanofiber film using glycerol without losing its characteristics. 24299830 1 22 theme chitin 130:135 arg1 films 147:151 Surface-deacetylated chitin nanofiber films 109:151 Surface-deacetylated chitin nanofiber films plasticized with glycerol 109:177 Surface-deacetylated chitin nanofiber films plasticized with glycerol were prepared to control mechanical properties. 24299830 0 23 theme nanofiber 43:51 arg1 film 53:56 chitin nanofiber film 36:56 chitin nanofiber film using glycerol without losing its characteristics 36:106 Control of mechanical properties of chitin nanofiber film using glycerol without losing its characteristics. 24299830 1 24 theme nanofiber 137:145 arg1 films 147:151 Surface-deacetylated chitin nanofiber films 109:151 Surface-deacetylated chitin nanofiber films plasticized with glycerol 109:177 Surface-deacetylated chitin nanofiber films plasticized with glycerol were prepared to control mechanical properties. 24299830 4 25 theme tensile 469:475 arg1 strengths 477:485 tensile strengths 469:485 tensile strengths 469:485 Glycerol significantly decreased the Young's moduli and tensile strengths, and increased the fracture strain due to its plasticizing effect. 24299830 2 26 theme glycerol 276:283 arg1 content 285:291 excessive glycerol content 266:291 excessive glycerol content up to 70% to obtain self-standing film 266:330 Nanofiber networks were able to retain excessive glycerol content up to 70% to obtain self-standing film. 23784936 7 0 theme strains 1329:1335 arg1 evolution 1299:1307 the temporal and spatial evolution 1274:1307 the temporal and spatial evolution of the stresses and strains in each component of a self-equilibrating composite tissue construct, and the role played by the flux of water through the tissue 1274:1465 The analysis of an example problem demonstrates the temporal and spatial evolution of the stresses and strains in each component of a self-equilibrating composite tissue construct, and the role played by the flux of water through the tissue. 23784936 7 1 from component 1345:1353 arg1 evolution 1299:1307 the temporal and spatial evolution 1274:1307 the temporal and spatial evolution of the stresses and strains in each component of a self-equilibrating composite tissue construct, and the role played by the flux of water through the tissue 1274:1465 The analysis of an example problem demonstrates the temporal and spatial evolution of the stresses and strains in each component of a self-equilibrating composite tissue construct, and the role played by the flux of water through the tissue. 23784936 5 2 theme cartilage 915:923 arg1 matrix 925:930 a decellularized cartilage matrix 898:930 a decellularized cartilage matrix initially devoid of aggrecan 898:959 For example, it is shown that increased synthesis of aggrecan by chondrocytes embedded within a decellularized cartilage matrix initially devoid of aggrecan results in osmotic expansion of the newly synthesized proteoglycan matrix and tension within the structural collagen network. 23784936 4 3 theme internal 769:776 arg1 states 785:790 internal stress states 769:790 internal stress states 769:790 The material component analysis developed here naturally captures the effect of time-dependent changes of ECM composition on the deformation and internal stress states of the ECM. 23784936 6 4 theme fixed 1197:1201 arg1 base 1203:1206 the fixed base 1193:1206 the fixed base of the cartilage 1193:1223 Specifically, we predict that the collagen network experiences a tensile strain, with a maximum of ~2% at the fixed base of the cartilage. 23784936 2 5 theme engineering 250:260 arg1 design 262:267 the engineering design 246:267 the engineering design of cartilage constructs 246:291 In this paper the model is tailored to the analysis of cartilage and the engineering design of cartilage constructs. 23784936 4 6 theme ECM 730:732 arg1 composition 734:744 ECM composition 730:744 ECM composition 730:744 The material component analysis developed here naturally captures the effect of time-dependent changes of ECM composition on the deformation and internal stress states of the ECM. 23784936 3 7 theme governing 336:344 arg1 equations 346:354 the governing equations 332:354 the governing equations 332:354 The proposed continuum formulation of the governing equations enables the strain of the individual material components within the extracellular matrix (ECM) to be followed over time, as the individual material components are synthesized, assembled and incorporated within the ECM or lost through passive transport or degradation. 23784936 6 8 theme % 1188:1188 arg1 maximum 1175:1181 a maximum 1173:1181 a maximum of ~2% at the fixed base of the cartilage 1173:1223 Specifically, we predict that the collagen network experiences a tensile strain, with a maximum of ~2% at the fixed base of the cartilage. 23784936 5 9 theme aggrecan 952:959 arg1 devoid 942:947 devoid 942:947 devoid 942:947 For example, it is shown that increased synthesis of aggrecan by chondrocytes embedded within a decellularized cartilage matrix initially devoid of aggrecan results in osmotic expansion of the newly synthesized proteoglycan matrix and tension within the structural collagen network. 23784936 5 10 theme decellularized 900:913 arg1 matrix 925:930 a decellularized cartilage matrix 898:930 a decellularized cartilage matrix initially devoid of aggrecan 898:959 For example, it is shown that increased synthesis of aggrecan by chondrocytes embedded within a decellularized cartilage matrix initially devoid of aggrecan results in osmotic expansion of the newly synthesized proteoglycan matrix and tension within the structural collagen network. 23784936 5 11 theme embedded 882:889 arg1 chondrocytes 869:880 chondrocytes 869:880 chondrocytes embedded within a decellularized cartilage matrix initially devoid of aggrecan 869:959 For example, it is shown that increased synthesis of aggrecan by chondrocytes embedded within a decellularized cartilage matrix initially devoid of aggrecan results in osmotic expansion of the newly synthesized proteoglycan matrix and tension within the structural collagen network. 23784936 7 12 theme temporal 1278:1285 arg1 evolution 1299:1307 the temporal and spatial evolution 1274:1307 the temporal and spatial evolution of the stresses and strains in each component of a self-equilibrating composite tissue construct, and the role played by the flux of water through the tissue 1274:1465 The analysis of an example problem demonstrates the temporal and spatial evolution of the stresses and strains in each component of a self-equilibrating composite tissue construct, and the role played by the flux of water through the tissue. 23784936 3 13 theme individual 484:493 arg1 components 504:513 the individual material components 480:513 the individual material components 480:513 The proposed continuum formulation of the governing equations enables the strain of the individual material components within the extracellular matrix (ECM) to be followed over time, as the individual material components are synthesized, assembled and incorporated within the ECM or lost through passive transport or degradation. 23784936 1 14 theme soft 163:166 arg1 tissues 168:174 soft tissues 163:174 soft tissues 163:174 We propose a new non-linear poroelastic model that is suited to the analysis of soft tissues. 23784936 4 15 theme material 628:635 arg1 analysis 647:654 The material component analysis 624:654 The material component analysis developed here 624:669 The material component analysis developed here naturally captures the effect of time-dependent changes of ECM composition on the deformation and internal stress states of the ECM. 23784936 7 16 theme role 1415:1418 arg1 component 1345:1353 each component 1340:1353 each component of a self-equilibrating composite tissue construct, and the role played by the flux of water through the tissue 1340:1465 The analysis of an example problem demonstrates the temporal and spatial evolution of the stresses and strains in each component of a self-equilibrating composite tissue construct, and the role played by the flux of water through the tissue. 23784936 3 17 theme material 495:502 arg1 components 504:513 the individual material components 480:513 the individual material components 480:513 The proposed continuum formulation of the governing equations enables the strain of the individual material components within the extracellular matrix (ECM) to be followed over time, as the individual material components are synthesized, assembled and incorporated within the ECM or lost through passive transport or degradation. 23784936 3 18 theme extracellular 424:436 arg1 ECM 446:448 ECM 446:448 ECM 446:448 The proposed continuum formulation of the governing equations enables the strain of the individual material components within the extracellular matrix (ECM) to be followed over time, as the individual material components are synthesized, assembled and incorporated within the ECM or lost through passive transport or degradation. 23784936 3 18 theme extracellular 424:436 arg1 matrix 438:443 the extracellular matrix 420:443 the extracellular matrix (ECM) 420:449 The proposed continuum formulation of the governing equations enables the strain of the individual material components within the extracellular matrix (ECM) to be followed over time, as the individual material components are synthesized, assembled and incorporated within the ECM or lost through passive transport or degradation. 23784936 6 19 theme cartilage 1215:1223 arg1 base 1203:1206 the fixed base 1193:1206 the fixed base of the cartilage 1193:1223 Specifically, we predict that the collagen network experiences a tensile strain, with a maximum of ~2% at the fixed base of the cartilage. 23784936 3 20 theme proposed 298:305 arg1 formulation 317:327 The proposed continuum formulation 294:327 The proposed continuum formulation of the governing equations 294:354 The proposed continuum formulation of the governing equations enables the strain of the individual material components within the extracellular matrix (ECM) to be followed over time, as the individual material components are synthesized, assembled and incorporated within the ECM or lost through passive transport or degradation. 23784936 2 21 theme constructs 282:291 arg1 analysis 220:227 the analysis 216:227 the analysis of cartilage 216:240 In this paper the model is tailored to the analysis of cartilage and the engineering design of cartilage constructs. 23784936 2 21 theme constructs 282:291 arg1 design 262:267 the engineering design 246:267 the engineering design of cartilage constructs 246:291 In this paper the model is tailored to the analysis of cartilage and the engineering design of cartilage constructs. 23784936 7 22 from strains 1329:1335 arg1 component 1345:1353 each component 1340:1353 each component of a self-equilibrating composite tissue construct, and the role played by the flux of water through the tissue 1340:1465 The analysis of an example problem demonstrates the temporal and spatial evolution of the stresses and strains in each component of a self-equilibrating composite tissue construct, and the role played by the flux of water through the tissue. 23784936 3 23 theme components 402:411 arg1 strain 368:373 the strain 364:373 the strain of the individual material components within the extracellular matrix (ECM) 364:449 The proposed continuum formulation of the governing equations enables the strain of the individual material components within the extracellular matrix (ECM) to be followed over time, as the individual material components are synthesized, assembled and incorporated within the ECM or lost through passive transport or degradation. 23784936 0 24 theme Computational 0:12 arg1 model 14:18 Computational model 0:18 Computational model for the analysis of cartilage and cartilage tissue constructs 0:80 Computational model for the analysis of cartilage and cartilage tissue constructs. 23784936 2 25 theme cartilage 272:280 arg1 constructs 282:291 cartilage constructs 272:291 cartilage constructs 272:291 In this paper the model is tailored to the analysis of cartilage and the engineering design of cartilage constructs. 23784936 1 26 theme tissues 168:174 arg1 analysis 151:158 the analysis 147:158 the analysis of soft tissues 147:174 We propose a new non-linear poroelastic model that is suited to the analysis of soft tissues. 23784936 3 27 theme equations 346:354 arg1 formulation 317:327 The proposed continuum formulation 294:327 The proposed continuum formulation of the governing equations 294:354 The proposed continuum formulation of the governing equations enables the strain of the individual material components within the extracellular matrix (ECM) to be followed over time, as the individual material components are synthesized, assembled and incorporated within the ECM or lost through passive transport or degradation. 23784936 7 28 theme tissue 1389:1394 arg1 construct 1396:1404 a self-equilibrating composite tissue construct 1358:1404 a self-equilibrating composite tissue construct 1358:1404 The analysis of an example problem demonstrates the temporal and spatial evolution of the stresses and strains in each component of a self-equilibrating composite tissue construct, and the role played by the flux of water through the tissue. 23784936 7 29 from stresses 1316:1323 arg1 component 1345:1353 each component 1340:1353 each component of a self-equilibrating composite tissue construct, and the role played by the flux of water through the tissue 1340:1465 The analysis of an example problem demonstrates the temporal and spatial evolution of the stresses and strains in each component of a self-equilibrating composite tissue construct, and the role played by the flux of water through the tissue. 23784936 4 30 theme composition 734:744 arg1 changes 719:725 time-dependent changes 704:725 time-dependent changes of ECM composition 704:744 The material component analysis developed here naturally captures the effect of time-dependent changes of ECM composition on the deformation and internal stress states of the ECM. 23784936 4 31 theme changes 719:725 arg1 effect 694:699 the effect 690:699 the effect of time-dependent changes of ECM composition on the deformation and internal stress states of the ECM 690:801 The material component analysis developed here naturally captures the effect of time-dependent changes of ECM composition on the deformation and internal stress states of the ECM. 23784936 7 32 theme construct 1396:1404 arg1 component 1345:1353 each component 1340:1353 each component of a self-equilibrating composite tissue construct, and the role played by the flux of water through the tissue 1340:1465 The analysis of an example problem demonstrates the temporal and spatial evolution of the stresses and strains in each component of a self-equilibrating composite tissue construct, and the role played by the flux of water through the tissue. 23784936 5 33 theme structural 1058:1067 arg1 network 1078:1084 the structural collagen network 1054:1084 the structural collagen network 1054:1084 For example, it is shown that increased synthesis of aggrecan by chondrocytes embedded within a decellularized cartilage matrix initially devoid of aggrecan results in osmotic expansion of the newly synthesized proteoglycan matrix and tension within the structural collagen network. 23784936 1 34 theme new 96:98 arg1 model 123:127 a new non-linear poroelastic model 94:127 a new non-linear poroelastic model that is suited to the analysis of soft tissues 94:174 We propose a new non-linear poroelastic model that is suited to the analysis of soft tissues. 23784936 7 35 theme composite 1379:1387 arg1 construct 1396:1404 a self-equilibrating composite tissue construct 1358:1404 a self-equilibrating composite tissue construct 1358:1404 The analysis of an example problem demonstrates the temporal and spatial evolution of the stresses and strains in each component of a self-equilibrating composite tissue construct, and the role played by the flux of water through the tissue. 23784936 6 36 theme tensile 1152:1158 arg1 strain 1160:1165 a tensile strain 1150:1165 a tensile strain 1150:1165 Specifically, we predict that the collagen network experiences a tensile strain, with a maximum of ~2% at the fixed base of the cartilage. 23784936 3 37 theme individual 382:391 arg1 components 402:411 the individual material components 378:411 the individual material components within the extracellular matrix (ECM) 378:449 The proposed continuum formulation of the governing equations enables the strain of the individual material components within the extracellular matrix (ECM) to be followed over time, as the individual material components are synthesized, assembled and incorporated within the ECM or lost through passive transport or degradation. 23784936 6 38 theme collagen 1121:1128 arg1 network 1130:1136 the collagen network 1117:1136 the collagen network 1117:1136 Specifically, we predict that the collagen network experiences a tensile strain, with a maximum of ~2% at the fixed base of the cartilage. 23784936 5 39 theme collagen 1069:1076 arg1 network 1078:1084 the structural collagen network 1054:1084 the structural collagen network 1054:1084 For example, it is shown that increased synthesis of aggrecan by chondrocytes embedded within a decellularized cartilage matrix initially devoid of aggrecan results in osmotic expansion of the newly synthesized proteoglycan matrix and tension within the structural collagen network. 23784936 4 40 theme ECM 799:801 arg1 states 785:790 internal stress states 769:790 internal stress states 769:790 The material component analysis developed here naturally captures the effect of time-dependent changes of ECM composition on the deformation and internal stress states of the ECM. 23784936 4 40 theme ECM 799:801 arg1 deformation 753:763 deformation 753:763 deformation 753:763 The material component analysis developed here naturally captures the effect of time-dependent changes of ECM composition on the deformation and internal stress states of the ECM. 23784936 4 41 theme component 637:645 arg1 analysis 647:654 The material component analysis 624:654 The material component analysis developed here 624:669 The material component analysis developed here naturally captures the effect of time-dependent changes of ECM composition on the deformation and internal stress states of the ECM. 23784936 7 42 theme problem 1253:1259 arg1 analysis 1230:1237 The analysis 1226:1237 The analysis of an example problem 1226:1259 The analysis of an example problem demonstrates the temporal and spatial evolution of the stresses and strains in each component of a self-equilibrating composite tissue construct, and the role played by the flux of water through the tissue. 23784936 3 43 theme material 393:400 arg1 components 402:411 the individual material components 378:411 the individual material components within the extracellular matrix (ECM) 378:449 The proposed continuum formulation of the governing equations enables the strain of the individual material components within the extracellular matrix (ECM) to be followed over time, as the individual material components are synthesized, assembled and incorporated within the ECM or lost through passive transport or degradation. 23784936 5 44 theme increased 834:842 arg1 synthesis 844:852 increased synthesis 834:852 increased synthesis of aggrecan by chondrocytes embedded within a decellularized cartilage matrix initially devoid of aggrecan 834:959 For example, it is shown that increased synthesis of aggrecan by chondrocytes embedded within a decellularized cartilage matrix initially devoid of aggrecan results in osmotic expansion of the newly synthesized proteoglycan matrix and tension within the structural collagen network. 23784936 0 45 dep cartilage 40:48 arg1 constructs 71:80 tissue constructs 64:80 tissue constructs 64:80 Computational model for the analysis of cartilage and cartilage tissue constructs. 23784936 6 46 with experiences 1138:1148 arg1 maximum 1175:1181 a maximum 1173:1181 a maximum of ~2% at the fixed base of the cartilage 1173:1223 Specifically, we predict that the collagen network experiences a tensile strain, with a maximum of ~2% at the fixed base of the cartilage. 23784936 3 47 theme continuum 307:315 arg1 formulation 317:327 The proposed continuum formulation 294:327 The proposed continuum formulation of the governing equations 294:354 The proposed continuum formulation of the governing equations enables the strain of the individual material components within the extracellular matrix (ECM) to be followed over time, as the individual material components are synthesized, assembled and incorporated within the ECM or lost through passive transport or degradation. 23784936 5 48 theme proteoglycan 1015:1026 arg1 matrix 1028:1033 the newly synthesized proteoglycan matrix 993:1033 the newly synthesized proteoglycan matrix 993:1033 For example, it is shown that increased synthesis of aggrecan by chondrocytes embedded within a decellularized cartilage matrix initially devoid of aggrecan results in osmotic expansion of the newly synthesized proteoglycan matrix and tension within the structural collagen network. 23784936 1 49 theme non-linear 100:109 arg1 model 123:127 a new non-linear poroelastic model 94:127 a new non-linear poroelastic model that is suited to the analysis of soft tissues 94:174 We propose a new non-linear poroelastic model that is suited to the analysis of soft tissues. 23784936 0 50 theme cartilage 40:48 arg1 analysis 28:35 the analysis 24:35 the analysis of cartilage and cartilage tissue constructs 24:80 Computational model for the analysis of cartilage and cartilage tissue constructs. 23784936 7 51 theme spatial 1291:1297 arg1 evolution 1299:1307 the temporal and spatial evolution 1274:1307 the temporal and spatial evolution of the stresses and strains in each component of a self-equilibrating composite tissue construct, and the role played by the flux of water through the tissue 1274:1465 The analysis of an example problem demonstrates the temporal and spatial evolution of the stresses and strains in each component of a self-equilibrating composite tissue construct, and the role played by the flux of water through the tissue. 23784936 5 52 theme matrix 1028:1033 arg1 expansion 980:988 osmotic expansion 972:988 osmotic expansion of the newly synthesized proteoglycan matrix 972:1033 For example, it is shown that increased synthesis of aggrecan by chondrocytes embedded within a decellularized cartilage matrix initially devoid of aggrecan results in osmotic expansion of the newly synthesized proteoglycan matrix and tension within the structural collagen network. 23784936 5 52 theme matrix 1028:1033 arg1 tension 1039:1045 tension 1039:1045 tension within the structural collagen network 1039:1084 For example, it is shown that increased synthesis of aggrecan by chondrocytes embedded within a decellularized cartilage matrix initially devoid of aggrecan results in osmotic expansion of the newly synthesized proteoglycan matrix and tension within the structural collagen network. 23784936 1 53 theme poroelastic 111:121 arg1 model 123:127 a new non-linear poroelastic model 94:127 a new non-linear poroelastic model that is suited to the analysis of soft tissues 94:174 We propose a new non-linear poroelastic model that is suited to the analysis of soft tissues. 23784936 7 54 theme stresses 1316:1323 arg1 evolution 1299:1307 the temporal and spatial evolution 1274:1307 the temporal and spatial evolution of the stresses and strains in each component of a self-equilibrating composite tissue construct, and the role played by the flux of water through the tissue 1274:1465 The analysis of an example problem demonstrates the temporal and spatial evolution of the stresses and strains in each component of a self-equilibrating composite tissue construct, and the role played by the flux of water through the tissue. 23784936 5 55 theme osmotic 972:978 arg1 expansion 980:988 osmotic expansion 972:988 osmotic expansion of the newly synthesized proteoglycan matrix 972:1033 For example, it is shown that increased synthesis of aggrecan by chondrocytes embedded within a decellularized cartilage matrix initially devoid of aggrecan results in osmotic expansion of the newly synthesized proteoglycan matrix and tension within the structural collagen network. 23784936 4 56 theme stress 778:783 arg1 states 785:790 internal stress states 769:790 internal stress states 769:790 The material component analysis developed here naturally captures the effect of time-dependent changes of ECM composition on the deformation and internal stress states of the ECM. 23784936 5 57 theme synthesized 1003:1013 arg1 matrix 1028:1033 the newly synthesized proteoglycan matrix 993:1033 the newly synthesized proteoglycan matrix 993:1033 For example, it is shown that increased synthesis of aggrecan by chondrocytes embedded within a decellularized cartilage matrix initially devoid of aggrecan results in osmotic expansion of the newly synthesized proteoglycan matrix and tension within the structural collagen network. 23784936 4 58 theme time-dependent 704:717 arg1 changes 719:725 time-dependent changes 704:725 time-dependent changes of ECM composition 704:744 The material component analysis developed here naturally captures the effect of time-dependent changes of ECM composition on the deformation and internal stress states of the ECM. 23784936 7 59 theme self-equilibrating 1360:1377 arg1 construct 1396:1404 a self-equilibrating composite tissue construct 1358:1404 a self-equilibrating composite tissue construct 1358:1404 The analysis of an example problem demonstrates the temporal and spatial evolution of the stresses and strains in each component of a self-equilibrating composite tissue construct, and the role played by the flux of water through the tissue. 23784936 2 60 theme cartilage 232:240 arg1 analysis 220:227 the analysis 216:227 the analysis of cartilage 216:240 In this paper the model is tailored to the analysis of cartilage and the engineering design of cartilage constructs. 23784936 2 60 theme cartilage 232:240 arg1 design 262:267 the engineering design 246:267 the engineering design of cartilage constructs 246:291 In this paper the model is tailored to the analysis of cartilage and the engineering design of cartilage constructs. 23784936 3 61 theme passive 590:596 arg1 transport 598:606 passive transport 590:606 passive transport 590:606 The proposed continuum formulation of the governing equations enables the strain of the individual material components within the extracellular matrix (ECM) to be followed over time, as the individual material components are synthesized, assembled and incorporated within the ECM or lost through passive transport or degradation. 23784936 7 62 dep stresses 1316:1323 arg1 the 1312:1314 the 1312:1314 the 1312:1314 The analysis of an example problem demonstrates the temporal and spatial evolution of the stresses and strains in each component of a self-equilibrating composite tissue construct, and the role played by the flux of water through the tissue. 23784936 5 63 theme aggrecan 857:864 arg1 synthesis 844:852 increased synthesis 834:852 increased synthesis of aggrecan by chondrocytes embedded within a decellularized cartilage matrix initially devoid of aggrecan 834:959 For example, it is shown that increased synthesis of aggrecan by chondrocytes embedded within a decellularized cartilage matrix initially devoid of aggrecan results in osmotic expansion of the newly synthesized proteoglycan matrix and tension within the structural collagen network. 23784936 4 64 from effect 694:699 arg1 states 785:790 internal stress states 769:790 internal stress states 769:790 The material component analysis developed here naturally captures the effect of time-dependent changes of ECM composition on the deformation and internal stress states of the ECM. 23784936 4 64 from effect 694:699 arg1 deformation 753:763 deformation 753:763 deformation 753:763 The material component analysis developed here naturally captures the effect of time-dependent changes of ECM composition on the deformation and internal stress states of the ECM. 23784936 0 65 theme tissue 64:69 arg1 constructs 71:80 tissue constructs 64:80 tissue constructs 64:80 Computational model for the analysis of cartilage and cartilage tissue constructs. 23784936 5 66 theme devoid 942:947 arg1 matrix 925:930 a decellularized cartilage matrix 898:930 a decellularized cartilage matrix initially devoid of aggrecan 898:959 For example, it is shown that increased synthesis of aggrecan by chondrocytes embedded within a decellularized cartilage matrix initially devoid of aggrecan results in osmotic expansion of the newly synthesized proteoglycan matrix and tension within the structural collagen network. 23784936 6 67 from base 1203:1206 arg1 maximum 1175:1181 a maximum 1173:1181 a maximum of ~2% at the fixed base of the cartilage 1173:1223 Specifically, we predict that the collagen network experiences a tensile strain, with a maximum of ~2% at the fixed base of the cartilage. 23784936 0 68 theme cartilage 54:62 arg1 analysis 28:35 the analysis 24:35 the analysis of cartilage and cartilage tissue constructs 24:80 Computational model for the analysis of cartilage and cartilage tissue constructs. 23784936 7 69 theme water 1442:1446 arg1 flux 1434:1437 the flux 1430:1437 the flux of water through the tissue 1430:1465 The analysis of an example problem demonstrates the temporal and spatial evolution of the stresses and strains in each component of a self-equilibrating composite tissue construct, and the role played by the flux of water through the tissue. 23784936 7 70 theme example 1245:1251 arg1 problem 1253:1259 an example problem 1242:1259 an example problem 1242:1259 The analysis of an example problem demonstrates the temporal and spatial evolution of the stresses and strains in each component of a self-equilibrating composite tissue construct, and the role played by the flux of water through the tissue. 23784936 7 71 from evolution 1299:1307 arg1 component 1345:1353 each component 1340:1353 each component of a self-equilibrating composite tissue construct, and the role played by the flux of water through the tissue 1340:1465 The analysis of an example problem demonstrates the temporal and spatial evolution of the stresses and strains in each component of a self-equilibrating composite tissue construct, and the role played by the flux of water through the tissue. 23784936 4 72 dep deformation 753:763 arg1 the 749:751 the 749:751 the 749:751 The material component analysis developed here naturally captures the effect of time-dependent changes of ECM composition on the deformation and internal stress states of the ECM. 28927598 6 0 theme high 718:721 arg1 capability 739:748 a high water retention capability 716:748 a high water retention capability 716:748 PAAm/Alg hydrogel has a high water retention capability. 28927598 2 1 theme water 339:343 arg1 absorbency 345:354 water absorbency 339:354 water absorbency 339:354 The effect of dose and copolymer composition on gel content and water absorbency of PAAm/Alg, PAAm/CS and PAAm/Alg/CS hydrogels were studied. 28927598 0 2 theme polymers 92:99 arg1 crosslinking 18:29 crosslinking 18:29 crosslinking of polyacrylamide incorporated low molecular weights natural polymers for possible use in the agricultural applications 18:149 Radiation induced crosslinking of polyacrylamide incorporated low molecular weights natural polymers for possible use in the agricultural applications. 28927598 4 3 theme different 516:524 arg1 fertilizers 535:545 fertilizers 535:545 fertilizers 535:545 The effect of different cations, fertilizers, buffers on water absorbency of the hydrogels was investigated. 28927598 4 3 theme different 516:524 arg1 cations 526:532 different cations 516:532 different cations 516:532 The effect of different cations, fertilizers, buffers on water absorbency of the hydrogels was investigated. 28927598 4 3 theme different 516:524 arg1 buffers 548:554 buffers 548:554 buffers 548:554 The effect of different cations, fertilizers, buffers on water absorbency of the hydrogels was investigated. 28927598 1 4 theme polyacrylamide 186:199 arg1 Alg 225:227 Alg 225:227 Alg 225:227 Superabsorbent hydrogels based on polyacrylamide (PAAm) and Na-alginate (Alg) or chitosan (CS) were synthesized by γ-rays. 28927598 1 4 theme polyacrylamide 186:199 arg1 PAAm 202:205 polyacrylamide (PAAm) 186:206 polyacrylamide (PAAm) 186:206 Superabsorbent hydrogels based on polyacrylamide (PAAm) and Na-alginate (Alg) or chitosan (CS) were synthesized by γ-rays. 28927598 4 5 from effect 506:511 arg1 absorbency 565:574 water absorbency 559:574 water absorbency of the hydrogels 559:591 The effect of different cations, fertilizers, buffers on water absorbency of the hydrogels was investigated. 28927598 9 6 theme 50 1016:1017 arg1 % 1018:1018 % 1018:1018 % 1018:1018 The plants treated by PAAm/Alg hydrogels showed 50% increase in the grain yield suggesting their possible use as a soil conditioner and a water reservoir for plant-soil system. 28927598 8 7 theme plants 960:965 arg1 quantity 942:949 quantity 942:949 quantity 942:949 The results showed that the presence of hydrogels had growth promotion effect on quality and quantity of maize plants. 28927598 8 7 theme plants 960:965 arg1 quality 930:936 quality 930:936 quality 930:936 The results showed that the presence of hydrogels had growth promotion effect on quality and quantity of maize plants. 28927598 0 8 theme possible 105:112 arg1 use 114:116 possible use 105:116 possible use in the agricultural applications 105:149 Radiation induced crosslinking of polyacrylamide incorporated low molecular weights natural polymers for possible use in the agricultural applications. 28927598 5 9 theme Water 611:615 arg1 capability 627:636 Water retention capability 611:636 Water retention capability of swollen hydrogels as a function of time 611:679 Water retention capability of swollen hydrogels as a function of time was studied. 28927598 9 10 theme possible 1065:1072 arg1 conditioner 1088:1098 a soil conditioner 1081:1098 a soil conditioner 1081:1098 The plants treated by PAAm/Alg hydrogels showed 50% increase in the grain yield suggesting their possible use as a soil conditioner and a water reservoir for plant-soil system. 28927598 9 10 theme possible 1065:1072 arg1 use 1074:1076 their possible use 1059:1076 their possible use 1059:1076 The plants treated by PAAm/Alg hydrogels showed 50% increase in the grain yield suggesting their possible use as a soil conditioner and a water reservoir for plant-soil system. 28927598 2 11 theme composition 308:318 arg1 effect 279:284 The effect 275:284 The effect of dose and copolymer composition on gel content and water absorbency of PAAm/Alg, PAAm/CS and PAAm/Alg/CS hydrogels 275:401 The effect of dose and copolymer composition on gel content and water absorbency of PAAm/Alg, PAAm/CS and PAAm/Alg/CS hydrogels were studied. 28927598 5 12 theme retention 617:625 arg1 capability 627:636 Water retention capability 611:636 Water retention capability of swollen hydrogels as a function of time 611:679 Water retention capability of swollen hydrogels as a function of time was studied. 28927598 3 13 theme gel 421:423 arg1 content 425:431 gel content 421:431 gel content 421:431 The gel content and water absorbency follows the order PAAm/Alg>PAAm/Alg/CS>PAAm/CS. 28927598 4 14 theme hydrogels 583:591 arg1 absorbency 565:574 water absorbency 559:574 water absorbency of the hydrogels 559:591 The effect of different cations, fertilizers, buffers on water absorbency of the hydrogels was investigated. 28927598 9 15 theme PAAm/Alg 990:997 arg1 hydrogels 999:1007 PAAm/Alg hydrogels 990:1007 PAAm/Alg hydrogels 990:1007 The plants treated by PAAm/Alg hydrogels showed 50% increase in the grain yield suggesting their possible use as a soil conditioner and a water reservoir for plant-soil system. 28927598 8 16 theme hydrogels 889:897 arg1 presence 877:884 the presence 873:884 the presence of hydrogels 873:897 The results showed that the presence of hydrogels had growth promotion effect on quality and quantity of maize plants. 28927598 2 17 theme PAAm/CS 369:375 arg1 hydrogels 393:401 PAAm/Alg, PAAm/CS and PAAm/Alg/CS hydrogels 359:401 PAAm/Alg, PAAm/CS and PAAm/Alg/CS hydrogels 359:401 The effect of dose and copolymer composition on gel content and water absorbency of PAAm/Alg, PAAm/CS and PAAm/Alg/CS hydrogels were studied. 28927598 5 18 theme swollen 641:647 arg1 hydrogels 649:657 swollen hydrogels 641:657 swollen hydrogels 641:657 Water retention capability of swollen hydrogels as a function of time was studied. 28927598 2 19 theme copolymer 298:306 arg1 composition 308:318 copolymer composition 298:318 copolymer composition 298:318 The effect of dose and copolymer composition on gel content and water absorbency of PAAm/Alg, PAAm/CS and PAAm/Alg/CS hydrogels were studied. 28927598 6 20 theme PAAm/Alg 694:701 arg1 hydrogel 703:710 PAAm/Alg hydrogel 694:710 PAAm/Alg hydrogel 694:710 PAAm/Alg hydrogel has a high water retention capability. 28927598 9 21 from increase 1020:1027 arg1 yield 1042:1046 the grain yield 1032:1046 the grain yield suggesting their possible use as a soil conditioner 1032:1098 The plants treated by PAAm/Alg hydrogels showed 50% increase in the grain yield suggesting their possible use as a soil conditioner and a water reservoir for plant-soil system. 28927598 8 22 contain had 899:901 arg2 effect 920:925 growth promotion effect 903:925 growth promotion effect 903:925 The results showed that the presence of hydrogels had growth promotion effect on quality and quantity of maize plants. 28927598 8 22 contain had 899:901 arg1 presence 877:884 the presence 873:884 the presence of hydrogels 873:897 The results showed that the presence of hydrogels had growth promotion effect on quality and quantity of maize plants. 28927598 5 23 theme hydrogels 649:657 arg1 capability 627:636 Water retention capability 611:636 Water retention capability of swollen hydrogels as a function of time 611:679 Water retention capability of swollen hydrogels as a function of time was studied. 28927598 8 24 theme growth 903:908 arg1 effect 920:925 growth promotion effect 903:925 growth promotion effect 903:925 The results showed that the presence of hydrogels had growth promotion effect on quality and quantity of maize plants. 28927598 2 25 theme PAAm/Alg 359:366 arg1 hydrogels 393:401 PAAm/Alg, PAAm/CS and PAAm/Alg/CS hydrogels 359:401 PAAm/Alg, PAAm/CS and PAAm/Alg/CS hydrogels 359:401 The effect of dose and copolymer composition on gel content and water absorbency of PAAm/Alg, PAAm/CS and PAAm/Alg/CS hydrogels were studied. 28927598 2 26 theme dose 289:292 arg1 effect 279:284 The effect 275:284 The effect of dose and copolymer composition on gel content and water absorbency of PAAm/Alg, PAAm/CS and PAAm/Alg/CS hydrogels 275:401 The effect of dose and copolymer composition on gel content and water absorbency of PAAm/Alg, PAAm/CS and PAAm/Alg/CS hydrogels were studied. 28927598 7 27 theme agricultural 795:806 arg1 fields 808:813 agricultural fields 795:813 agricultural fields 795:813 An application of the prepared hydrogels in agricultural fields was performed using maize plants. 28927598 0 28 theme agricultural 125:136 arg1 applications 138:149 the agricultural applications 121:149 the agricultural applications 121:149 Radiation induced crosslinking of polyacrylamide incorporated low molecular weights natural polymers for possible use in the agricultural applications. 28927598 8 29 theme promotion 910:918 arg1 effect 920:925 growth promotion effect 903:925 growth promotion effect 903:925 The results showed that the presence of hydrogels had growth promotion effect on quality and quantity of maize plants. 28927598 9 30 theme soil 1083:1086 arg1 conditioner 1088:1098 a soil conditioner 1081:1098 a soil conditioner 1081:1098 The plants treated by PAAm/Alg hydrogels showed 50% increase in the grain yield suggesting their possible use as a soil conditioner and a water reservoir for plant-soil system. 28927598 9 30 theme soil 1083:1086 arg1 use 1074:1076 their possible use 1059:1076 their possible use 1059:1076 The plants treated by PAAm/Alg hydrogels showed 50% increase in the grain yield suggesting their possible use as a soil conditioner and a water reservoir for plant-soil system. 28927598 0 31 theme incorporated 49:60 arg1 polymers 92:99 polyacrylamide incorporated low molecular weights natural polymers 34:99 polyacrylamide incorporated low molecular weights natural polymers 34:99 Radiation induced crosslinking of polyacrylamide incorporated low molecular weights natural polymers for possible use in the agricultural applications. 28927598 4 32 theme water 559:563 arg1 absorbency 565:574 water absorbency 559:574 water absorbency of the hydrogels 559:591 The effect of different cations, fertilizers, buffers on water absorbency of the hydrogels was investigated. 28927598 9 33 from reservoir 1112:1120 arg1 yield 1042:1046 the grain yield 1032:1046 the grain yield suggesting their possible use as a soil conditioner 1032:1098 The plants treated by PAAm/Alg hydrogels showed 50% increase in the grain yield suggesting their possible use as a soil conditioner and a water reservoir for plant-soil system. 28927598 7 34 theme maize 835:839 arg1 plants 841:846 maize plants 835:846 maize plants 835:846 An application of the prepared hydrogels in agricultural fields was performed using maize plants. 28927598 2 35 theme hydrogels 393:401 arg1 content 327:333 gel content 323:333 gel content 323:333 The effect of dose and copolymer composition on gel content and water absorbency of PAAm/Alg, PAAm/CS and PAAm/Alg/CS hydrogels were studied. 28927598 2 35 theme hydrogels 393:401 arg1 absorbency 345:354 water absorbency 339:354 water absorbency 339:354 The effect of dose and copolymer composition on gel content and water absorbency of PAAm/Alg, PAAm/CS and PAAm/Alg/CS hydrogels were studied. 28927598 0 36 theme polyacrylamide 34:47 arg1 polymers 92:99 polyacrylamide incorporated low molecular weights natural polymers 34:99 polyacrylamide incorporated low molecular weights natural polymers 34:99 Radiation induced crosslinking of polyacrylamide incorporated low molecular weights natural polymers for possible use in the agricultural applications. 28927598 7 37 theme hydrogels 782:790 arg1 application 754:764 An application 751:764 An application of the prepared hydrogels in agricultural fields 751:813 An application of the prepared hydrogels in agricultural fields was performed using maize plants. 28927598 9 38 theme water 1106:1110 arg1 reservoir 1112:1120 a water reservoir 1104:1120 a water reservoir for plant-soil system 1104:1142 The plants treated by PAAm/Alg hydrogels showed 50% increase in the grain yield suggesting their possible use as a soil conditioner and a water reservoir for plant-soil system. 28927598 2 39 theme PAAm/Alg/CS 381:391 arg1 hydrogels 393:401 PAAm/Alg, PAAm/CS and PAAm/Alg/CS hydrogels 359:401 PAAm/Alg, PAAm/CS and PAAm/Alg/CS hydrogels 359:401 The effect of dose and copolymer composition on gel content and water absorbency of PAAm/Alg, PAAm/CS and PAAm/Alg/CS hydrogels were studied. 28927598 0 40 theme molecular 66:74 arg1 polymers 92:99 polyacrylamide incorporated low molecular weights natural polymers 34:99 polyacrylamide incorporated low molecular weights natural polymers 34:99 Radiation induced crosslinking of polyacrylamide incorporated low molecular weights natural polymers for possible use in the agricultural applications. 28927598 4 41 theme cations 526:532 arg1 effect 506:511 The effect 502:511 The effect of different cations, fertilizers, buffers on water absorbency of the hydrogels 502:591 The effect of different cations, fertilizers, buffers on water absorbency of the hydrogels was investigated. 28927598 5 42 theme time 676:679 arg1 function 664:671 a function 662:671 a function of time 662:679 Water retention capability of swollen hydrogels as a function of time was studied. 28927598 0 43 theme low 62:64 arg1 polymers 92:99 polyacrylamide incorporated low molecular weights natural polymers 34:99 polyacrylamide incorporated low molecular weights natural polymers 34:99 Radiation induced crosslinking of polyacrylamide incorporated low molecular weights natural polymers for possible use in the agricultural applications. 28927598 3 44 dep content 425:431 arg1 The 417:419 The 417:419 The 417:419 The gel content and water absorbency follows the order PAAm/Alg>PAAm/Alg/CS>PAAm/CS. 28927598 2 45 theme gel 323:325 arg1 content 327:333 gel content 323:333 gel content 323:333 The effect of dose and copolymer composition on gel content and water absorbency of PAAm/Alg, PAAm/CS and PAAm/Alg/CS hydrogels were studied. 28927598 9 46 theme % 1018:1018 arg1 increase 1020:1027 50% increase 1016:1027 50% increase in the grain yield suggesting their possible use as a soil conditioner 1016:1098 The plants treated by PAAm/Alg hydrogels showed 50% increase in the grain yield suggesting their possible use as a soil conditioner and a water reservoir for plant-soil system. 28927598 7 47 theme prepared 773:780 arg1 hydrogels 782:790 the prepared hydrogels 769:790 the prepared hydrogels 769:790 An application of the prepared hydrogels in agricultural fields was performed using maize plants. 28927598 7 48 from application 754:764 arg1 fields 808:813 agricultural fields 795:813 agricultural fields 795:813 An application of the prepared hydrogels in agricultural fields was performed using maize plants. 28927598 9 49 theme plant-soil 1126:1135 arg1 system 1137:1142 plant-soil system 1126:1142 plant-soil system 1126:1142 The plants treated by PAAm/Alg hydrogels showed 50% increase in the grain yield suggesting their possible use as a soil conditioner and a water reservoir for plant-soil system. 28927598 0 50 from use 114:116 arg1 applications 138:149 the agricultural applications 121:149 the agricultural applications 121:149 Radiation induced crosslinking of polyacrylamide incorporated low molecular weights natural polymers for possible use in the agricultural applications. 28927598 8 51 theme maize 954:958 arg1 plants 960:965 maize plants 954:965 maize plants 954:965 The results showed that the presence of hydrogels had growth promotion effect on quality and quantity of maize plants. 28927598 1 52 theme Superabsorbent 152:165 arg1 hydrogels 167:175 Superabsorbent hydrogels 152:175 Superabsorbent hydrogels based on polyacrylamide (PAAm) and Na-alginate (Alg) or chitosan (CS) 152:245 Superabsorbent hydrogels based on polyacrylamide (PAAm) and Na-alginate (Alg) or chitosan (CS) were synthesized by γ-rays. 28927598 2 53 from effect 279:284 arg1 content 327:333 gel content 323:333 gel content 323:333 The effect of dose and copolymer composition on gel content and water absorbency of PAAm/Alg, PAAm/CS and PAAm/Alg/CS hydrogels were studied. 28927598 2 53 from effect 279:284 arg1 absorbency 345:354 water absorbency 339:354 water absorbency 339:354 The effect of dose and copolymer composition on gel content and water absorbency of PAAm/Alg, PAAm/CS and PAAm/Alg/CS hydrogels were studied. 28927598 0 54 theme natural 84:90 arg1 polymers 92:99 polyacrylamide incorporated low molecular weights natural polymers 34:99 polyacrylamide incorporated low molecular weights natural polymers 34:99 Radiation induced crosslinking of polyacrylamide incorporated low molecular weights natural polymers for possible use in the agricultural applications. 28927598 3 55 theme water 437:441 arg1 absorbency 443:452 water absorbency 437:452 water absorbency 437:452 The gel content and water absorbency follows the order PAAm/Alg>PAAm/Alg/CS>PAAm/CS. 28927598 6 56 theme retention 729:737 arg1 capability 739:748 a high water retention capability 716:748 a high water retention capability 716:748 PAAm/Alg hydrogel has a high water retention capability. 28927598 6 57 contain has 712:714 arg1 hydrogel 703:710 PAAm/Alg hydrogel 694:710 PAAm/Alg hydrogel 694:710 PAAm/Alg hydrogel has a high water retention capability. 28927598 6 57 contain has 712:714 arg2 capability 739:748 a high water retention capability 716:748 a high water retention capability 716:748 PAAm/Alg hydrogel has a high water retention capability. 28927598 3 58 theme order 466:470 arg1 PAAm/Alg>PAAm/Alg/CS>PAAm/CS 472:499 the order PAAm/Alg>PAAm/Alg/CS>PAAm/CS 462:499 the order PAAm/Alg>PAAm/Alg/CS>PAAm/CS 462:499 The gel content and water absorbency follows the order PAAm/Alg>PAAm/Alg/CS>PAAm/CS. 28927598 0 59 theme weights 76:82 arg1 polymers 92:99 polyacrylamide incorporated low molecular weights natural polymers 34:99 polyacrylamide incorporated low molecular weights natural polymers 34:99 Radiation induced crosslinking of polyacrylamide incorporated low molecular weights natural polymers for possible use in the agricultural applications. 28927598 6 60 theme water 723:727 arg1 capability 739:748 a high water retention capability 716:748 a high water retention capability 716:748 PAAm/Alg hydrogel has a high water retention capability. 28927598 9 61 theme grain 1036:1040 arg1 yield 1042:1046 the grain yield 1032:1046 the grain yield suggesting their possible use as a soil conditioner 1032:1098 The plants treated by PAAm/Alg hydrogels showed 50% increase in the grain yield suggesting their possible use as a soil conditioner and a water reservoir for plant-soil system. 27454873 4 0 theme northern 657:664 arg1 Chile 666:670 northern Chile 657:670 northern Chile 657:670 As Aloe vera is frequently cultivated in semi-arid conditions, like those found in northern Chile, we investigated the effect of water deficit on fructan composition and structure. 27454873 9 1 from the 1391:1393 arg1 present 1380:1386 present 1380:1386 present 1380:1386 Glycosidic linkage analyses by GC-MS, led to the conclusion that there are structural differences between the fructans present in the leaves of control plants with respect to plants irrigated with 50% and 25% FC. 27454873 1 2 theme water 215:219 arg1 restrictions 221:232 water restrictions 215:232 water restrictions 215:232 Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera) has a Crassulaceae acid metabolism which grants the plant great tolerance to water restrictions. 27454873 0 3 from Modifications 11:23 arg1 Vera 70:73 Aloe Vera 65:73 Aloe Vera 65:73 Structural Modifications of Fructans in Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe Vera) Grown under Water Stress. 27454873 0 3 from Modifications 11:23 arg1 Miller 57:62 Miller 57:62 Miller 57:62 Structural Modifications of Fructans in Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe Vera) Grown under Water Stress. 27454873 11 4 theme extreme 1793:1799 arg1 deficit 1807:1813 extreme water deficit 1793:1813 extreme water deficit 1793:1813 To our knowledge, the synthesis and the protective role of neo-fructans under extreme water deficit has not been previously reported. 27454873 5 5 theme % 830:830 arg1 regimes 811:817 different irrigation regimes 790:817 different irrigation regimes of 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% field capacity (FC) 790:863 For this, plants were subjected to different irrigation regimes of 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% field capacity (FC). 27454873 2 6 theme water 332:336 arg1 deficit 338:344 water deficit 332:344 water deficit in other plant species 332:367 Carbohydrates such as acemannans and fructans are among the molecules responsible for tolerating water deficit in other plant species. 27454873 6 7 theme significant 878:888 arg1 increase 890:897 a significant increase 876:897 a significant increase in the total sugars, soluble sugars and oligo and polyfructans 876:960 There was a significant increase in the total sugars, soluble sugars and oligo and polyfructans in plants subjected to water deficit, compared to the control condition (100% FC) in both leaf tips and bases. 27454873 10 8 theme Aloe 1630:1633 arg1 vera 1635:1638 Aloe vera 1630:1638 Aloe vera 1630:1638 Therefore, in non-stressed plants, the inulin, neo-inulin and neo-levan type of fructans predominate, while in the most stressful conditions for the plant, Aloe vera also synthesizes fructans with a more branched structure, the neofructans. 27454873 8 9 theme water 1246:1250 arg1 deficit 1252:1258 water deficit 1246:1258 water deficit 1246:1258 Fructans also increase in degree of polymerization with increasing water deficit. 27454873 10 10 theme inulin 1513:1518 arg1 type 1546:1549 the inulin, neo-inulin and neo-levan type 1509:1549 the inulin, neo-inulin and neo-levan type of fructans 1509:1561 Therefore, in non-stressed plants, the inulin, neo-inulin and neo-levan type of fructans predominate, while in the most stressful conditions for the plant, Aloe vera also synthesizes fructans with a more branched structure, the neofructans. 27454873 10 11 theme most 1589:1592 arg1 conditions 1604:1613 the most stressful conditions 1585:1613 the most stressful conditions for the plant 1585:1627 Therefore, in non-stressed plants, the inulin, neo-inulin and neo-levan type of fructans predominate, while in the most stressful conditions for the plant, Aloe vera also synthesizes fructans with a more branched structure, the neofructans. 27454873 10 12 theme fructans 1554:1561 arg1 type 1546:1549 the inulin, neo-inulin and neo-levan type 1509:1549 the inulin, neo-inulin and neo-levan type of fructans 1509:1561 Therefore, in non-stressed plants, the inulin, neo-inulin and neo-levan type of fructans predominate, while in the most stressful conditions for the plant, Aloe vera also synthesizes fructans with a more branched structure, the neofructans. 27454873 3 13 theme beneficial 510:519 arg1 properties 562:571 beneficial pharmaceutical, nutritional and cosmetic properties 510:571 beneficial pharmaceutical, nutritional and cosmetic properties 510:571 Nevertheless, fructans, which are prebiotic compounds, have not been described nor studied in Aloe vera, whose leaf gel is known to possess beneficial pharmaceutical, nutritional and cosmetic properties. 27454873 5 14 theme % 843:843 arg1 capacity 851:858 25% field capacity 841:858 25% field capacity (FC) 841:863 For this, plants were subjected to different irrigation regimes of 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% field capacity (FC). 27454873 5 14 theme % 843:843 arg1 FC 861:862 FC 861:862 FC 861:862 For this, plants were subjected to different irrigation regimes of 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% field capacity (FC). 27454873 4 15 theme deficit 709:715 arg1 effect 693:698 the effect 689:698 the effect of water deficit on fructan composition and structure 689:752 As Aloe vera is frequently cultivated in semi-arid conditions, like those found in northern Chile, we investigated the effect of water deficit on fructan composition and structure. 27454873 1 16 dep Miller 119:124 arg1 Aloe 127:130 Aloe 127:130 Aloe 127:130 Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera) has a Crassulaceae acid metabolism which grants the plant great tolerance to water restrictions. 27454873 9 17 theme Glycosidic 1261:1270 arg1 linkage 1272:1278 Glycosidic linkage 1261:1278 Glycosidic linkage analyses 1261:1287 Glycosidic linkage analyses by GC-MS, led to the conclusion that there are structural differences between the fructans present in the leaves of control plants with respect to plants irrigated with 50% and 25% FC. 27454873 4 18 located found 648:652 arg2 those 642:646 those 642:646 those 642:646 As Aloe vera is frequently cultivated in semi-arid conditions, like those found in northern Chile, we investigated the effect of water deficit on fructan composition and structure. 27454873 4 18 located found 648:652 arg1 Chile 666:670 northern Chile 657:670 northern Chile 657:670 As Aloe vera is frequently cultivated in semi-arid conditions, like those found in northern Chile, we investigated the effect of water deficit on fructan composition and structure. 27454873 9 19 dep % 1460:1460 arg1 FC 1470:1471 FC 1470:1471 FC 1470:1471 Glycosidic linkage analyses by GC-MS, led to the conclusion that there are structural differences between the fructans present in the leaves of control plants with respect to plants irrigated with 50% and 25% FC. 27454873 6 20 theme % 1038:1038 arg1 condition 1024:1032 the control condition 1012:1032 the control condition (100% FC) in both leaf tips and bases 1012:1070 There was a significant increase in the total sugars, soluble sugars and oligo and polyfructans in plants subjected to water deficit, compared to the control condition (100% FC) in both leaf tips and bases. 27454873 6 20 theme % 1038:1038 arg1 FC 1040:1041 100% FC 1035:1041 100% FC 1035:1041 There was a significant increase in the total sugars, soluble sugars and oligo and polyfructans in plants subjected to water deficit, compared to the control condition (100% FC) in both leaf tips and bases. 27454873 7 21 theme leaf 1144:1147 arg1 tips 1149:1152 the leaf tips 1140:1152 the leaf tips in all water treatments 1140:1176 The amounts of fructans were also greater in the bases compared to the leaf tips in all water treatments. 27454873 9 22 theme linkage 1272:1278 arg1 analyses 1280:1287 Glycosidic linkage analyses 1261:1287 Glycosidic linkage analyses 1261:1287 Glycosidic linkage analyses by GC-MS, led to the conclusion that there are structural differences between the fructans present in the leaves of control plants with respect to plants irrigated with 50% and 25% FC. 27454873 0 23 theme Water 88:92 arg1 Stress 94:99 Water Stress 88:99 Water Stress 88:99 Structural Modifications of Fructans in Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe Vera) Grown under Water Stress. 27454873 3 24 theme prebiotic 404:412 arg1 compounds 414:422 prebiotic compounds 404:422 prebiotic compounds 404:422 Nevertheless, fructans, which are prebiotic compounds, have not been described nor studied in Aloe vera, whose leaf gel is known to possess beneficial pharmaceutical, nutritional and cosmetic properties. 27454873 3 24 theme prebiotic 404:412 arg1 fructans 384:391 fructans 384:391 fructans 384:391 Nevertheless, fructans, which are prebiotic compounds, have not been described nor studied in Aloe vera, whose leaf gel is known to possess beneficial pharmaceutical, nutritional and cosmetic properties. 27454873 2 25 from deficit 338:344 arg1 species 361:367 other plant species 349:367 other plant species 349:367 Carbohydrates such as acemannans and fructans are among the molecules responsible for tolerating water deficit in other plant species. 27454873 4 26 theme fructan 720:726 arg1 composition 728:738 fructan composition 720:738 fructan composition 720:738 As Aloe vera is frequently cultivated in semi-arid conditions, like those found in northern Chile, we investigated the effect of water deficit on fructan composition and structure. 27454873 4 27 theme semi-arid 615:623 arg1 conditions 625:634 semi-arid conditions 615:634 semi-arid conditions 615:634 As Aloe vera is frequently cultivated in semi-arid conditions, like those found in northern Chile, we investigated the effect of water deficit on fructan composition and structure. 27454873 6 28 from increase 890:897 arg1 sugars 928:933 soluble sugars 920:933 soluble sugars 920:933 There was a significant increase in the total sugars, soluble sugars and oligo and polyfructans in plants subjected to water deficit, compared to the control condition (100% FC) in both leaf tips and bases. 27454873 6 28 from increase 890:897 arg1 polyfructans 949:960 polyfructans 949:960 polyfructans 949:960 There was a significant increase in the total sugars, soluble sugars and oligo and polyfructans in plants subjected to water deficit, compared to the control condition (100% FC) in both leaf tips and bases. 27454873 6 28 from increase 890:897 arg1 oligo 939:943 oligo 939:943 oligo 939:943 There was a significant increase in the total sugars, soluble sugars and oligo and polyfructans in plants subjected to water deficit, compared to the control condition (100% FC) in both leaf tips and bases. 27454873 6 28 from increase 890:897 arg1 sugars 912:917 the total sugars 902:917 the total sugars 902:917 There was a significant increase in the total sugars, soluble sugars and oligo and polyfructans in plants subjected to water deficit, compared to the control condition (100% FC) in both leaf tips and bases. 27454873 9 29 attach present 1380:1386 arg2 fructans 1371:1378 the fructans 1367:1378 the fructans present in the leaves of control plants with respect to plants irrigated with 50% and 25% FC 1367:1471 Glycosidic linkage analyses by GC-MS, led to the conclusion that there are structural differences between the fructans present in the leaves of control plants with respect to plants irrigated with 50% and 25% FC. 27454873 9 29 attach present 1380:1386 arg1 the 1391:1393 the 1391:1393 the 1391:1393 Glycosidic linkage analyses by GC-MS, led to the conclusion that there are structural differences between the fructans present in the leaves of control plants with respect to plants irrigated with 50% and 25% FC. 27454873 3 30 theme pharmaceutical 521:534 arg1 properties 562:571 beneficial pharmaceutical, nutritional and cosmetic properties 510:571 beneficial pharmaceutical, nutritional and cosmetic properties 510:571 Nevertheless, fructans, which are prebiotic compounds, have not been described nor studied in Aloe vera, whose leaf gel is known to possess beneficial pharmaceutical, nutritional and cosmetic properties. 27454873 1 31 theme Crassulaceae 144:155 arg1 metabolism 162:171 a Crassulaceae acid metabolism 142:171 a Crassulaceae acid metabolism which grants the plant great tolerance to water restrictions 142:232 Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera) has a Crassulaceae acid metabolism which grants the plant great tolerance to water restrictions. 27454873 0 32 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 Modifications 11:23 Structural Modifications 0:23 Structural Modifications of Fructans in Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe Vera) 0:74 Structural Modifications of Fructans in Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe Vera) Grown under Water Stress. 27454873 4 33 from effect 693:698 arg1 structure 744:752 structure 744:752 structure 744:752 As Aloe vera is frequently cultivated in semi-arid conditions, like those found in northern Chile, we investigated the effect of water deficit on fructan composition and structure. 27454873 4 33 from effect 693:698 arg1 composition 728:738 fructan composition 720:738 fructan composition 720:738 As Aloe vera is frequently cultivated in semi-arid conditions, like those found in northern Chile, we investigated the effect of water deficit on fructan composition and structure. 27454873 5 34 theme field 845:849 arg1 capacity 851:858 25% field capacity 841:858 25% field capacity (FC) 841:863 For this, plants were subjected to different irrigation regimes of 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% field capacity (FC). 27454873 5 34 theme field 845:849 arg1 FC 861:862 FC 861:862 FC 861:862 For this, plants were subjected to different irrigation regimes of 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% field capacity (FC). 27454873 1 35 theme acid 157:160 arg1 metabolism 162:171 a Crassulaceae acid metabolism 142:171 a Crassulaceae acid metabolism which grants the plant great tolerance to water restrictions 142:232 Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera) has a Crassulaceae acid metabolism which grants the plant great tolerance to water restrictions. 27454873 0 36 theme Fructans 28:35 arg1 Modifications 11:23 Structural Modifications 0:23 Structural Modifications of Fructans in Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe Vera) 0:74 Structural Modifications of Fructans in Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe Vera) Grown under Water Stress. 27454873 3 37 contain possess 502:508 arg1 gel 486:488 gel 486:488 gel 486:488 Nevertheless, fructans, which are prebiotic compounds, have not been described nor studied in Aloe vera, whose leaf gel is known to possess beneficial pharmaceutical, nutritional and cosmetic properties. 27454873 3 37 contain possess 502:508 arg2 properties 562:571 beneficial pharmaceutical, nutritional and cosmetic properties 510:571 beneficial pharmaceutical, nutritional and cosmetic properties 510:571 Nevertheless, fructans, which are prebiotic compounds, have not been described nor studied in Aloe vera, whose leaf gel is known to possess beneficial pharmaceutical, nutritional and cosmetic properties. 27454873 7 38 theme fructans 1088:1095 arg1 fructans 1088:1095 fructans 1088:1095 fructans 1088:1095 The amounts of fructans were also greater in the bases compared to the leaf tips in all water treatments. 27454873 7 38 theme fructans 1088:1095 arg1 greater 1107:1113 greater 1107:1113 greater 1107:1113 The amounts of fructans were also greater in the bases compared to the leaf tips in all water treatments. 27454873 7 38 theme fructans 1088:1095 arg1 amounts 1077:1083 The amounts 1073:1083 The amounts of fructans 1073:1095 The amounts of fructans were also greater in the bases compared to the leaf tips in all water treatments. 27454873 4 39 theme water 703:707 arg1 deficit 709:715 water deficit 703:715 water deficit 703:715 As Aloe vera is frequently cultivated in semi-arid conditions, like those found in northern Chile, we investigated the effect of water deficit on fructan composition and structure. 27454873 8 40 theme polymerization 1215:1228 arg1 degree 1205:1210 degree 1205:1210 degree of polymerization 1205:1228 Fructans also increase in degree of polymerization with increasing water deficit. 27454873 10 41 dep predominate 1563:1573 arg1 while 1576:1580 while 1576:1580 while 1576:1580 Therefore, in non-stressed plants, the inulin, neo-inulin and neo-levan type of fructans predominate, while in the most stressful conditions for the plant, Aloe vera also synthesizes fructans with a more branched structure, the neofructans. 27454873 9 42 dep the 1391:1393 arg1 leaves 1395:1400 leaves 1395:1400 leaves 1395:1400 Glycosidic linkage analyses by GC-MS, led to the conclusion that there are structural differences between the fructans present in the leaves of control plants with respect to plants irrigated with 50% and 25% FC. 27454873 1 43 dep Aloe 127:130 arg1 vera 132:135 vera 132:135 Aloe vera 127:135 Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera) has a Crassulaceae acid metabolism which grants the plant great tolerance to water restrictions. 27454873 6 44 from condition 1024:1032 arg1 bases 1066:1070 bases 1066:1070 bases 1066:1070 There was a significant increase in the total sugars, soluble sugars and oligo and polyfructans in plants subjected to water deficit, compared to the control condition (100% FC) in both leaf tips and bases. 27454873 6 44 from condition 1024:1032 arg1 tips 1057:1060 leaf tips 1052:1060 leaf tips 1052:1060 There was a significant increase in the total sugars, soluble sugars and oligo and polyfructans in plants subjected to water deficit, compared to the control condition (100% FC) in both leaf tips and bases. 27454873 6 45 theme water 985:989 arg1 deficit 991:997 water deficit 985:997 water deficit 985:997 There was a significant increase in the total sugars, soluble sugars and oligo and polyfructans in plants subjected to water deficit, compared to the control condition (100% FC) in both leaf tips and bases. 27454873 5 46 theme % 835:835 arg1 regimes 811:817 different irrigation regimes 790:817 different irrigation regimes of 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% field capacity (FC) 790:863 For this, plants were subjected to different irrigation regimes of 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% field capacity (FC). 27454873 11 47 theme neo-fructans 1774:1785 arg1 synthesis 1737:1745 synthesis 1737:1745 synthesis 1737:1745 To our knowledge, the synthesis and the protective role of neo-fructans under extreme water deficit has not been previously reported. 27454873 11 47 theme neo-fructans 1774:1785 arg1 role 1766:1769 the protective role 1751:1769 the protective role 1751:1769 To our knowledge, the synthesis and the protective role of neo-fructans under extreme water deficit has not been previously reported. 27454873 6 48 theme soluble 920:926 arg1 sugars 928:933 soluble sugars 920:933 soluble sugars 920:933 There was a significant increase in the total sugars, soluble sugars and oligo and polyfructans in plants subjected to water deficit, compared to the control condition (100% FC) in both leaf tips and bases. 27454873 3 49 theme cosmetic 553:560 arg1 properties 562:571 beneficial pharmaceutical, nutritional and cosmetic properties 510:571 beneficial pharmaceutical, nutritional and cosmetic properties 510:571 Nevertheless, fructans, which are prebiotic compounds, have not been described nor studied in Aloe vera, whose leaf gel is known to possess beneficial pharmaceutical, nutritional and cosmetic properties. 27454873 2 50 theme plant 355:359 arg1 species 361:367 other plant species 349:367 other plant species 349:367 Carbohydrates such as acemannans and fructans are among the molecules responsible for tolerating water deficit in other plant species. 27454873 5 51 theme different 790:798 arg1 regimes 811:817 different irrigation regimes 790:817 different irrigation regimes of 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% field capacity (FC) 790:863 For this, plants were subjected to different irrigation regimes of 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% field capacity (FC). 27454873 10 52 theme stressful 1594:1602 arg1 conditions 1604:1613 the most stressful conditions 1585:1613 the most stressful conditions for the plant 1585:1627 Therefore, in non-stressed plants, the inulin, neo-inulin and neo-levan type of fructans predominate, while in the most stressful conditions for the plant, Aloe vera also synthesizes fructans with a more branched structure, the neofructans. 27454873 5 53 theme irrigation 800:809 arg1 regimes 811:817 different irrigation regimes 790:817 different irrigation regimes of 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% field capacity (FC) 790:863 For this, plants were subjected to different irrigation regimes of 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% field capacity (FC). 27454873 10 54 theme neo-inulin 1521:1530 arg1 type 1546:1549 the inulin, neo-inulin and neo-levan type 1509:1549 the inulin, neo-inulin and neo-levan type of fructans 1509:1561 Therefore, in non-stressed plants, the inulin, neo-inulin and neo-levan type of fructans predominate, while in the most stressful conditions for the plant, Aloe vera also synthesizes fructans with a more branched structure, the neofructans. 27454873 11 55 theme water 1801:1805 arg1 deficit 1807:1813 extreme water deficit 1793:1813 extreme water deficit 1793:1813 To our knowledge, the synthesis and the protective role of neo-fructans under extreme water deficit has not been previously reported. 27454873 1 56 contain has 138:140 arg1 Miller 119:124 Miller 119:124 Miller 119:124 Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera) has a Crassulaceae acid metabolism which grants the plant great tolerance to water restrictions. 27454873 1 56 contain has 138:140 arg2 metabolism 162:171 a Crassulaceae acid metabolism 142:171 a Crassulaceae acid metabolism which grants the plant great tolerance to water restrictions 142:232 Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera) has a Crassulaceae acid metabolism which grants the plant great tolerance to water restrictions. 27454873 3 57 theme nutritional 537:547 arg1 properties 562:571 beneficial pharmaceutical, nutritional and cosmetic properties 510:571 beneficial pharmaceutical, nutritional and cosmetic properties 510:571 Nevertheless, fructans, which are prebiotic compounds, have not been described nor studied in Aloe vera, whose leaf gel is known to possess beneficial pharmaceutical, nutritional and cosmetic properties. 27454873 10 58 theme branched 1678:1685 arg1 structure 1687:1695 a more branched structure 1671:1695 a more branched structure 1671:1695 Therefore, in non-stressed plants, the inulin, neo-inulin and neo-levan type of fructans predominate, while in the most stressful conditions for the plant, Aloe vera also synthesizes fructans with a more branched structure, the neofructans. 27454873 10 58 theme branched 1678:1685 arg1 neofructans 1702:1712 the neofructans 1698:1712 the neofructans 1698:1712 Therefore, in non-stressed plants, the inulin, neo-inulin and neo-levan type of fructans predominate, while in the most stressful conditions for the plant, Aloe vera also synthesizes fructans with a more branched structure, the neofructans. 27454873 9 59 theme structural 1336:1345 arg1 differences 1347:1357 structural differences 1336:1357 structural differences between the fructans present in the leaves of control plants with respect to plants irrigated with 50% and 25% FC 1336:1471 Glycosidic linkage analyses by GC-MS, led to the conclusion that there are structural differences between the fructans present in the leaves of control plants with respect to plants irrigated with 50% and 25% FC. 27454873 6 60 theme control 1016:1022 arg1 condition 1024:1032 the control condition 1012:1032 the control condition (100% FC) in both leaf tips and bases 1012:1070 There was a significant increase in the total sugars, soluble sugars and oligo and polyfructans in plants subjected to water deficit, compared to the control condition (100% FC) in both leaf tips and bases. 27454873 6 60 theme control 1016:1022 arg1 FC 1040:1041 100% FC 1035:1041 100% FC 1035:1041 There was a significant increase in the total sugars, soluble sugars and oligo and polyfructans in plants subjected to water deficit, compared to the control condition (100% FC) in both leaf tips and bases. 27454873 3 61 theme Aloe 464:467 arg1 vera 469:472 Aloe vera 464:472 Aloe vera 464:472 Nevertheless, fructans, which are prebiotic compounds, have not been described nor studied in Aloe vera, whose leaf gel is known to possess beneficial pharmaceutical, nutritional and cosmetic properties. 27454873 10 62 with fructans 1657:1664 arg1 structure 1687:1695 a more branched structure 1671:1695 a more branched structure 1671:1695 Therefore, in non-stressed plants, the inulin, neo-inulin and neo-levan type of fructans predominate, while in the most stressful conditions for the plant, Aloe vera also synthesizes fructans with a more branched structure, the neofructans. 27454873 10 62 with fructans 1657:1664 arg1 neofructans 1702:1712 the neofructans 1698:1712 the neofructans 1698:1712 Therefore, in non-stressed plants, the inulin, neo-inulin and neo-levan type of fructans predominate, while in the most stressful conditions for the plant, Aloe vera also synthesizes fructans with a more branched structure, the neofructans. 27454873 11 63 theme protective 1755:1764 arg1 role 1766:1769 the protective role 1751:1769 the protective role 1751:1769 To our knowledge, the synthesis and the protective role of neo-fructans under extreme water deficit has not been previously reported. 27454873 5 64 theme % 825:825 arg1 regimes 811:817 different irrigation regimes 790:817 different irrigation regimes of 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% field capacity (FC) 790:863 For this, plants were subjected to different irrigation regimes of 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% field capacity (FC). 27454873 10 65 theme non-stressed 1488:1499 arg1 plants 1501:1506 non-stressed plants 1488:1506 non-stressed plants 1488:1506 Therefore, in non-stressed plants, the inulin, neo-inulin and neo-levan type of fructans predominate, while in the most stressful conditions for the plant, Aloe vera also synthesizes fructans with a more branched structure, the neofructans. 27454873 6 66 theme total 906:910 arg1 sugars 912:917 the total sugars 902:917 the total sugars 902:917 There was a significant increase in the total sugars, soluble sugars and oligo and polyfructans in plants subjected to water deficit, compared to the control condition (100% FC) in both leaf tips and bases. 27454873 2 67 theme responsible 305:315 arg1 molecules 295:303 the molecules 291:303 the molecules responsible for tolerating water deficit in other plant species 291:367 Carbohydrates such as acemannans and fructans are among the molecules responsible for tolerating water deficit in other plant species. 27454873 5 68 theme capacity 851:858 arg1 regimes 811:817 different irrigation regimes 790:817 different irrigation regimes of 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% field capacity (FC) 790:863 For this, plants were subjected to different irrigation regimes of 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% field capacity (FC). 27454873 1 69 theme plant 190:194 arg1 tolerance 202:210 the plant great tolerance 186:210 the plant great tolerance 186:210 Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera) has a Crassulaceae acid metabolism which grants the plant great tolerance to water restrictions. 27454873 6 70 theme 100 1035:1037 arg1 % 1038:1038 % 1038:1038 % 1038:1038 There was a significant increase in the total sugars, soluble sugars and oligo and polyfructans in plants subjected to water deficit, compared to the control condition (100% FC) in both leaf tips and bases. 27454873 6 71 theme leaf 1052:1055 arg1 tips 1057:1060 leaf tips 1052:1060 leaf tips 1052:1060 There was a significant increase in the total sugars, soluble sugars and oligo and polyfructans in plants subjected to water deficit, compared to the control condition (100% FC) in both leaf tips and bases. 27454873 5 72 theme 25 841:842 arg1 % 843:843 % 843:843 % 843:843 For this, plants were subjected to different irrigation regimes of 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% field capacity (FC). 27454873 1 73 theme great 196:200 arg1 tolerance 202:210 the plant great tolerance 186:210 the plant great tolerance 186:210 Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera) has a Crassulaceae acid metabolism which grants the plant great tolerance to water restrictions. 27454873 0 74 theme Aloe 65:68 arg1 Vera 70:73 Aloe Vera 65:73 Aloe Vera 65:73 Structural Modifications of Fructans in Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe Vera) Grown under Water Stress. 27454873 0 74 theme Aloe 65:68 arg1 Miller 57:62 Miller 57:62 Miller 57:62 Structural Modifications of Fructans in Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe Vera) Grown under Water Stress. 27454873 9 75 from present 1380:1386 arg1 the 1391:1393 the 1391:1393 the 1391:1393 Glycosidic linkage analyses by GC-MS, led to the conclusion that there are structural differences between the fructans present in the leaves of control plants with respect to plants irrigated with 50% and 25% FC. 27454873 7 76 theme water 1161:1165 arg1 treatments 1167:1176 all water treatments 1157:1176 all water treatments 1157:1176 The amounts of fructans were also greater in the bases compared to the leaf tips in all water treatments. 27454873 7 77 from tips 1149:1152 arg1 treatments 1167:1176 all water treatments 1157:1176 all water treatments 1157:1176 The amounts of fructans were also greater in the bases compared to the leaf tips in all water treatments. 27454873 2 78 theme other 349:353 arg1 species 361:367 other plant species 349:367 other plant species 349:367 Carbohydrates such as acemannans and fructans are among the molecules responsible for tolerating water deficit in other plant species. 27454873 11 79 dep synthesis 1737:1745 arg1 the 1733:1735 the 1733:1735 the 1733:1735 To our knowledge, the synthesis and the protective role of neo-fructans under extreme water deficit has not been previously reported. 27454873 9 80 theme present 1380:1386 arg1 fructans 1371:1378 the fructans 1367:1378 the fructans present in the leaves of control plants with respect to plants irrigated with 50% and 25% FC 1367:1471 Glycosidic linkage analyses by GC-MS, led to the conclusion that there are structural differences between the fructans present in the leaves of control plants with respect to plants irrigated with 50% and 25% FC. 27454873 10 81 theme neo-levan 1536:1544 arg1 type 1546:1549 the inulin, neo-inulin and neo-levan type 1509:1549 the inulin, neo-inulin and neo-levan type of fructans 1509:1561 Therefore, in non-stressed plants, the inulin, neo-inulin and neo-levan type of fructans predominate, while in the most stressful conditions for the plant, Aloe vera also synthesizes fructans with a more branched structure, the neofructans. 27454873 9 82 theme control 1405:1411 arg1 plants 1413:1418 control plants 1405:1418 control plants with respect to plants irrigated with 50% and 25% FC 1405:1471 Glycosidic linkage analyses by GC-MS, led to the conclusion that there are structural differences between the fructans present in the leaves of control plants with respect to plants irrigated with 50% and 25% FC. 27454873 3 83 theme leaf 481:484 arg1 gel 486:488 gel 486:488 gel 486:488 Nevertheless, fructans, which are prebiotic compounds, have not been described nor studied in Aloe vera, whose leaf gel is known to possess beneficial pharmaceutical, nutritional and cosmetic properties. 27454873 4 84 theme Aloe 577:580 arg1 vera 582:585 Aloe vera 577:585 Aloe vera 577:585 As Aloe vera is frequently cultivated in semi-arid conditions, like those found in northern Chile, we investigated the effect of water deficit on fructan composition and structure. 25037408 5 0 theme deposited 831:839 arg1 structure 814:822 the crystal structure 802:822 the crystal structure of HAp deposited on BC templates regardless of BC culture time 802:885 However, the surface and crystal structure of BC fibers did not change with culture time and no difference was found in the crystal structure of HAp deposited on BC templates regardless of BC culture time. 25037408 4 1 theme fiber 552:556 arg1 diameter 558:565 fiber diameter 552:565 fiber diameter 552:565 The results demonstrated that the formation of an integrated scaffold and its 3D network structure, porosity, fiber diameter, light transmittance, and the morphology of hydroxyapatite (HAp)-deposited BC scaffolds changed with culture time. 25037408 5 2 theme BC 728:729 arg1 fibers 731:736 BC fibers 728:736 BC fibers 728:736 However, the surface and crystal structure of BC fibers did not change with culture time and no difference was found in the crystal structure of HAp deposited on BC templates regardless of BC culture time. 25037408 4 3 theme integrated 492:501 arg1 scaffold 503:510 an integrated scaffold 489:510 an integrated scaffold 489:510 The results demonstrated that the formation of an integrated scaffold and its 3D network structure, porosity, fiber diameter, light transmittance, and the morphology of hydroxyapatite (HAp)-deposited BC scaffolds changed with culture time. 25037408 5 4 from deposited 831:839 arg1 templates 847:855 BC templates 844:855 BC templates regardless of BC culture time 844:885 However, the surface and crystal structure of BC fibers did not change with culture time and no difference was found in the crystal structure of HAp deposited on BC templates regardless of BC culture time. 25037408 1 5 theme key 159:161 arg1 parameters 163:172 key parameters 159:172 key parameters affecting cell behavior 159:196 Morphological characteristics of a fibrous tissue engineering (TE) scaffold are key parameters affecting cell behavior. 25037408 1 5 theme key 159:161 arg1 characteristics 93:107 Morphological characteristics 79:107 Morphological characteristics of a fibrous tissue engineering (TE) scaffold 79:153 Morphological characteristics of a fibrous tissue engineering (TE) scaffold are key parameters affecting cell behavior. 25037408 6 6 theme proper 931:936 arg1 selection 938:946 proper selection 931:946 proper selection of culture time 931:962 The findings presented herein suggest that proper selection of culture time can potentially enhance the biological function of BC TE scaffold by optimizing its morphological characteristics. 25037408 5 7 theme HAp 827:829 arg1 deposited 831:839 HAp deposited 827:839 HAp deposited on BC templates regardless of BC culture time 827:885 However, the surface and crystal structure of BC fibers did not change with culture time and no difference was found in the crystal structure of HAp deposited on BC templates regardless of BC culture time. 25037408 2 8 theme scaffolds 283:291 arg1 morphology 244:253 morphology 244:253 morphology of bacterial cellulose (BC) scaffolds 244:291 However, no study regarding the evolution of morphology of bacterial cellulose (BC) scaffolds during the culture process has been reported to date. 25037408 5 9 theme BC 871:872 arg1 time 882:885 BC culture time 871:885 BC culture time 871:885 However, the surface and crystal structure of BC fibers did not change with culture time and no difference was found in the crystal structure of HAp deposited on BC templates regardless of BC culture time. 25037408 5 10 theme culture 758:764 arg1 time 766:769 culture time 758:769 culture time 758:769 However, the surface and crystal structure of BC fibers did not change with culture time and no difference was found in the crystal structure of HAp deposited on BC templates regardless of BC culture time. 25037408 6 11 theme morphological 1048:1060 arg1 characteristics 1062:1076 its morphological characteristics 1044:1076 its morphological characteristics 1044:1076 The findings presented herein suggest that proper selection of culture time can potentially enhance the biological function of BC TE scaffold by optimizing its morphological characteristics. 25037408 5 12 theme surface 695:701 arg1 structure 715:723 the surface and crystal structure 691:723 structure 715:723 However, the surface and crystal structure of BC fibers did not change with culture time and no difference was found in the crystal structure of HAp deposited on BC templates regardless of BC culture time. 25037408 5 13 theme BC 844:845 arg1 templates 847:855 BC templates 844:855 BC templates regardless of BC culture time 844:885 However, the surface and crystal structure of BC fibers did not change with culture time and no difference was found in the crystal structure of HAp deposited on BC templates regardless of BC culture time. 25037408 4 14 theme -deposited 631:640 arg1 scaffolds 645:653 hydroxyapatite (HAp)-deposited BC scaffolds 611:653 hydroxyapatite (HAp)-deposited BC scaffolds 611:653 The results demonstrated that the formation of an integrated scaffold and its 3D network structure, porosity, fiber diameter, light transmittance, and the morphology of hydroxyapatite (HAp)-deposited BC scaffolds changed with culture time. 25037408 6 15 theme TE 1018:1019 arg1 scaffold 1021:1028 BC TE scaffold 1015:1028 BC TE scaffold 1015:1028 The findings presented herein suggest that proper selection of culture time can potentially enhance the biological function of BC TE scaffold by optimizing its morphological characteristics. 25037408 5 16 theme fibers 731:736 arg1 structure 715:723 the surface and crystal structure 691:723 structure 715:723 However, the surface and crystal structure of BC fibers did not change with culture time and no difference was found in the crystal structure of HAp deposited on BC templates regardless of BC culture time. 25037408 2 17 theme cellulose 268:276 arg1 scaffolds 283:291 bacterial cellulose (BC) scaffolds 258:291 bacterial cellulose (BC) scaffolds 258:291 However, no study regarding the evolution of morphology of bacterial cellulose (BC) scaffolds during the culture process has been reported to date. 25037408 6 18 theme scaffold 1021:1028 arg1 function 1003:1010 the biological function 988:1010 the biological function of BC TE scaffold 988:1028 The findings presented herein suggest that proper selection of culture time can potentially enhance the biological function of BC TE scaffold by optimizing its morphological characteristics. 25037408 6 19 theme BC 1015:1016 arg1 scaffold 1021:1028 BC TE scaffold 1015:1028 BC TE scaffold 1015:1028 The findings presented herein suggest that proper selection of culture time can potentially enhance the biological function of BC TE scaffold by optimizing its morphological characteristics. 25037408 2 20 theme culture 304:310 arg1 process 312:318 the culture process 300:318 the culture process 300:318 However, no study regarding the evolution of morphology of bacterial cellulose (BC) scaffolds during the culture process has been reported to date. 25037408 1 21 theme cell 184:187 arg1 behavior 189:196 cell behavior 184:196 cell behavior 184:196 Morphological characteristics of a fibrous tissue engineering (TE) scaffold are key parameters affecting cell behavior. 25037408 3 22 theme BC 361:362 arg1 scaffolds 364:372 BC scaffolds 361:372 BC scaffolds cultured for different times starting from 0.5h 361:420 In this work, BC scaffolds cultured for different times starting from 0.5h were characterized. 25037408 5 23 theme culture 874:880 arg1 time 882:885 BC culture time 871:885 BC culture time 871:885 However, the surface and crystal structure of BC fibers did not change with culture time and no difference was found in the crystal structure of HAp deposited on BC templates regardless of BC culture time. 25037408 4 24 theme network 523:529 arg1 structure 531:539 its 3D network structure 516:539 its 3D network structure 516:539 The results demonstrated that the formation of an integrated scaffold and its 3D network structure, porosity, fiber diameter, light transmittance, and the morphology of hydroxyapatite (HAp)-deposited BC scaffolds changed with culture time. 25037408 5 25 from templates 847:855 arg1 structure 814:822 the crystal structure 802:822 the crystal structure of HAp deposited on BC templates regardless of BC culture time 802:885 However, the surface and crystal structure of BC fibers did not change with culture time and no difference was found in the crystal structure of HAp deposited on BC templates regardless of BC culture time. 25037408 6 26 theme biological 992:1001 arg1 function 1003:1010 the biological function 988:1010 the biological function of BC TE scaffold 988:1028 The findings presented herein suggest that proper selection of culture time can potentially enhance the biological function of BC TE scaffold by optimizing its morphological characteristics. 25037408 0 27 theme morphology 13:22 arg1 Evolution 0:8 Evolution 0:8 Evolution of morphology of bacterial cellulose 0:45 Evolution of morphology of bacterial cellulose scaffolds during early culture. 25037408 1 28 theme fibrous 114:120 arg1 TE 142:143 TE 142:143 TE 142:143 Morphological characteristics of a fibrous tissue engineering (TE) scaffold are key parameters affecting cell behavior. 25037408 1 28 theme fibrous 114:120 arg1 engineering 129:139 fibrous tissue engineering 114:139 a fibrous tissue engineering (TE) scaffold 112:153 Morphological characteristics of a fibrous tissue engineering (TE) scaffold are key parameters affecting cell behavior. 25037408 0 29 theme cellulose 37:45 arg1 morphology 13:22 morphology 13:22 morphology of bacterial cellulose 13:45 Evolution of morphology of bacterial cellulose scaffolds during early culture. 25037408 4 30 theme culture 668:674 arg1 time 676:679 culture time 668:679 culture time 668:679 The results demonstrated that the formation of an integrated scaffold and its 3D network structure, porosity, fiber diameter, light transmittance, and the morphology of hydroxyapatite (HAp)-deposited BC scaffolds changed with culture time. 25037408 5 31 theme crystal 806:812 arg1 structure 814:822 the crystal structure 802:822 the crystal structure of HAp deposited on BC templates regardless of BC culture time 802:885 However, the surface and crystal structure of BC fibers did not change with culture time and no difference was found in the crystal structure of HAp deposited on BC templates regardless of BC culture time. 25037408 0 32 theme bacterial 27:35 arg1 cellulose 37:45 bacterial cellulose 27:45 bacterial cellulose 27:45 Evolution of morphology of bacterial cellulose scaffolds during early culture. 25037408 3 33 theme different 387:395 arg1 times 397:401 different times 387:401 different times starting from 0.5h 387:420 In this work, BC scaffolds cultured for different times starting from 0.5h were characterized. 25037408 4 34 theme scaffold 503:510 arg1 diameter 558:565 fiber diameter 552:565 fiber diameter 552:565 The results demonstrated that the formation of an integrated scaffold and its 3D network structure, porosity, fiber diameter, light transmittance, and the morphology of hydroxyapatite (HAp)-deposited BC scaffolds changed with culture time. 25037408 4 34 theme scaffold 503:510 arg1 morphology 597:606 the morphology 593:606 the morphology 593:606 The results demonstrated that the formation of an integrated scaffold and its 3D network structure, porosity, fiber diameter, light transmittance, and the morphology of hydroxyapatite (HAp)-deposited BC scaffolds changed with culture time. 25037408 4 34 theme scaffold 503:510 arg1 structure 531:539 its 3D network structure 516:539 its 3D network structure 516:539 The results demonstrated that the formation of an integrated scaffold and its 3D network structure, porosity, fiber diameter, light transmittance, and the morphology of hydroxyapatite (HAp)-deposited BC scaffolds changed with culture time. 25037408 4 34 theme scaffold 503:510 arg1 porosity 542:549 porosity 542:549 porosity 542:549 The results demonstrated that the formation of an integrated scaffold and its 3D network structure, porosity, fiber diameter, light transmittance, and the morphology of hydroxyapatite (HAp)-deposited BC scaffolds changed with culture time. 25037408 4 34 theme scaffold 503:510 arg1 transmittance 574:586 light transmittance 568:586 light transmittance 568:586 The results demonstrated that the formation of an integrated scaffold and its 3D network structure, porosity, fiber diameter, light transmittance, and the morphology of hydroxyapatite (HAp)-deposited BC scaffolds changed with culture time. 25037408 4 34 theme scaffold 503:510 arg1 formation 476:484 the formation 472:484 the formation of an integrated scaffold 472:510 The results demonstrated that the formation of an integrated scaffold and its 3D network structure, porosity, fiber diameter, light transmittance, and the morphology of hydroxyapatite (HAp)-deposited BC scaffolds changed with culture time. 25037408 1 35 theme tissue 122:127 arg1 TE 142:143 TE 142:143 TE 142:143 Morphological characteristics of a fibrous tissue engineering (TE) scaffold are key parameters affecting cell behavior. 25037408 1 35 theme tissue 122:127 arg1 engineering 129:139 fibrous tissue engineering 114:139 a fibrous tissue engineering (TE) scaffold 112:153 Morphological characteristics of a fibrous tissue engineering (TE) scaffold are key parameters affecting cell behavior. 25037408 4 36 theme 3D 520:521 arg1 structure 531:539 its 3D network structure 516:539 its 3D network structure 516:539 The results demonstrated that the formation of an integrated scaffold and its 3D network structure, porosity, fiber diameter, light transmittance, and the morphology of hydroxyapatite (HAp)-deposited BC scaffolds changed with culture time. 25037408 1 37 theme engineering 129:139 arg1 scaffold 146:153 a fibrous tissue engineering (TE) scaffold 112:153 a fibrous tissue engineering (TE) scaffold 112:153 Morphological characteristics of a fibrous tissue engineering (TE) scaffold are key parameters affecting cell behavior. 25037408 2 38 theme bacterial 258:266 arg1 BC 279:280 BC 279:280 BC 279:280 However, no study regarding the evolution of morphology of bacterial cellulose (BC) scaffolds during the culture process has been reported to date. 25037408 2 38 theme bacterial 258:266 arg1 cellulose 268:276 bacterial cellulose 258:276 bacterial cellulose (BC) scaffolds 258:291 However, no study regarding the evolution of morphology of bacterial cellulose (BC) scaffolds during the culture process has been reported to date. 25037408 6 39 theme time 959:962 arg1 selection 938:946 proper selection 931:946 proper selection of culture time 931:962 The findings presented herein suggest that proper selection of culture time can potentially enhance the biological function of BC TE scaffold by optimizing its morphological characteristics. 25037408 1 40 theme Morphological 79:91 arg1 parameters 163:172 key parameters 159:172 key parameters affecting cell behavior 159:196 Morphological characteristics of a fibrous tissue engineering (TE) scaffold are key parameters affecting cell behavior. 25037408 1 40 theme Morphological 79:91 arg1 characteristics 93:107 Morphological characteristics 79:107 Morphological characteristics of a fibrous tissue engineering (TE) scaffold 79:153 Morphological characteristics of a fibrous tissue engineering (TE) scaffold are key parameters affecting cell behavior. 25037408 5 41 located found 793:797 arg2 difference 778:787 no difference 775:787 no difference 775:787 However, the surface and crystal structure of BC fibers did not change with culture time and no difference was found in the crystal structure of HAp deposited on BC templates regardless of BC culture time. 25037408 5 41 located found 793:797 arg1 structure 814:822 the crystal structure 802:822 the crystal structure of HAp deposited on BC templates regardless of BC culture time 802:885 However, the surface and crystal structure of BC fibers did not change with culture time and no difference was found in the crystal structure of HAp deposited on BC templates regardless of BC culture time. 25037408 1 42 theme scaffold 146:153 arg1 parameters 163:172 key parameters 159:172 key parameters affecting cell behavior 159:196 Morphological characteristics of a fibrous tissue engineering (TE) scaffold are key parameters affecting cell behavior. 25037408 1 42 theme scaffold 146:153 arg1 characteristics 93:107 Morphological characteristics 79:107 Morphological characteristics of a fibrous tissue engineering (TE) scaffold 79:153 Morphological characteristics of a fibrous tissue engineering (TE) scaffold are key parameters affecting cell behavior. 25037408 4 43 theme light 568:572 arg1 transmittance 574:586 light transmittance 568:586 light transmittance 568:586 The results demonstrated that the formation of an integrated scaffold and its 3D network structure, porosity, fiber diameter, light transmittance, and the morphology of hydroxyapatite (HAp)-deposited BC scaffolds changed with culture time. 25037408 5 44 theme crystal 707:713 arg1 structure 715:723 the surface and crystal structure 691:723 structure 715:723 However, the surface and crystal structure of BC fibers did not change with culture time and no difference was found in the crystal structure of HAp deposited on BC templates regardless of BC culture time. 25037408 2 45 theme morphology 244:253 arg1 evolution 231:239 the evolution 227:239 the evolution of morphology of bacterial cellulose (BC) scaffolds 227:291 However, no study regarding the evolution of morphology of bacterial cellulose (BC) scaffolds during the culture process has been reported to date. 25037408 5 46 from structure 814:822 arg1 templates 847:855 BC templates 844:855 BC templates regardless of BC culture time 844:885 However, the surface and crystal structure of BC fibers did not change with culture time and no difference was found in the crystal structure of HAp deposited on BC templates regardless of BC culture time. 25037408 4 47 theme scaffolds 645:653 arg1 diameter 558:565 fiber diameter 552:565 fiber diameter 552:565 The results demonstrated that the formation of an integrated scaffold and its 3D network structure, porosity, fiber diameter, light transmittance, and the morphology of hydroxyapatite (HAp)-deposited BC scaffolds changed with culture time. 25037408 4 47 theme scaffolds 645:653 arg1 morphology 597:606 the morphology 593:606 the morphology 593:606 The results demonstrated that the formation of an integrated scaffold and its 3D network structure, porosity, fiber diameter, light transmittance, and the morphology of hydroxyapatite (HAp)-deposited BC scaffolds changed with culture time. 25037408 4 47 theme scaffolds 645:653 arg1 structure 531:539 its 3D network structure 516:539 its 3D network structure 516:539 The results demonstrated that the formation of an integrated scaffold and its 3D network structure, porosity, fiber diameter, light transmittance, and the morphology of hydroxyapatite (HAp)-deposited BC scaffolds changed with culture time. 25037408 4 47 theme scaffolds 645:653 arg1 porosity 542:549 porosity 542:549 porosity 542:549 The results demonstrated that the formation of an integrated scaffold and its 3D network structure, porosity, fiber diameter, light transmittance, and the morphology of hydroxyapatite (HAp)-deposited BC scaffolds changed with culture time. 25037408 4 47 theme scaffolds 645:653 arg1 transmittance 574:586 light transmittance 568:586 light transmittance 568:586 The results demonstrated that the formation of an integrated scaffold and its 3D network structure, porosity, fiber diameter, light transmittance, and the morphology of hydroxyapatite (HAp)-deposited BC scaffolds changed with culture time. 25037408 4 47 theme scaffolds 645:653 arg1 formation 476:484 the formation 472:484 the formation of an integrated scaffold 472:510 The results demonstrated that the formation of an integrated scaffold and its 3D network structure, porosity, fiber diameter, light transmittance, and the morphology of hydroxyapatite (HAp)-deposited BC scaffolds changed with culture time. 25037408 6 48 theme culture 951:957 arg1 time 959:962 culture time 951:962 culture time 951:962 The findings presented herein suggest that proper selection of culture time can potentially enhance the biological function of BC TE scaffold by optimizing its morphological characteristics. 25037408 0 49 theme early 64:68 arg1 culture 70:76 early culture 64:76 early culture 64:76 Evolution of morphology of bacterial cellulose scaffolds during early culture. 25037408 4 50 theme BC 642:643 arg1 scaffolds 645:653 hydroxyapatite (HAp)-deposited BC scaffolds 611:653 hydroxyapatite (HAp)-deposited BC scaffolds 611:653 The results demonstrated that the formation of an integrated scaffold and its 3D network structure, porosity, fiber diameter, light transmittance, and the morphology of hydroxyapatite (HAp)-deposited BC scaffolds changed with culture time. 27452116 10 0 with fibers 1427:1432 arg1 composition 1459:1469 a specific chemical composition 1439:1469 a specific chemical composition 1439:1469 These results demonstrate that dietary fibers with a specific chemical composition can be used to manage immune responses against pathogens such as S. paucimobilis. 27452116 6 1 theme sugar 967:971 arg1 pectin 978:983 sugar beet pectin 967:983 sugar beet pectin 967:983 Chicory inulin, sugar beet pectin, and both starches had the strongest regulatory effects. 27452116 3 2 theme S. 543:544 arg1 paucimobilis 546:557 S. paucimobilis 543:557 S. paucimobilis 543:557 As we have shown that some dietary fibers exhibit pronounced immune-regulatory properties, we hypothesized that specific immune active dietary fibers might modulate the responses against S. paucimobilis. 27452116 4 3 from release 654:660 arg1 co-cultures 711:721 co-cultures 711:721 co-cultures of DCs and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) 711:767 We studied the immunomodulatory effects of dietary fibers against S. paucimobilis on cytokine release and maturation of human dendritic cells (DCs) in co-cultures of DCs and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). 27452116 4 4 theme S. 626:627 arg1 paucimobilis 629:640 S. paucimobilis 626:640 S. paucimobilis 626:640 We studied the immunomodulatory effects of dietary fibers against S. paucimobilis on cytokine release and maturation of human dendritic cells (DCs) in co-cultures of DCs and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). 27452116 8 5 from effective 1184:1192 arg1 reduction 1201:1209 the reduction 1197:1209 the reduction of chemokine release 1197:1230 High-maize 260, was more effective in the reduction of chemokine release than the others fibers tested. 27452116 10 6 theme dietary 1419:1425 arg1 fibers 1427:1432 dietary fibers 1419:1432 dietary fibers with a specific chemical composition 1419:1469 These results demonstrate that dietary fibers with a specific chemical composition can be used to manage immune responses against pathogens such as S. paucimobilis. 27452116 2 7 theme antimicrobial 302:314 arg1 therapy 316:322 antimicrobial therapy 302:322 antimicrobial therapy for S. paucimobilis infections 302:353 Up to now, no definitive guidelines exist for antimicrobial therapy for S. paucimobilis infections. 27452116 4 8 theme cytokine 645:652 arg1 release 654:660 cytokine release 645:660 cytokine release 645:660 We studied the immunomodulatory effects of dietary fibers against S. paucimobilis on cytokine release and maturation of human dendritic cells (DCs) in co-cultures of DCs and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). 27452116 1 9 theme Non-fermenting 103:116 arg1 paucimobilis 162:173 Sphingomonas paucimobilis 149:173 Sphingomonas paucimobilis (S.paucimobilis) 149:190 Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli, such as Sphingomonas paucimobilis (S.paucimobilis), are among the most widespread causes of nosocomial infections. 27452116 1 9 theme Non-fermenting 103:116 arg1 bacilli 132:138 Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli 103:138 Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli 103:138 Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli, such as Sphingomonas paucimobilis (S.paucimobilis), are among the most widespread causes of nosocomial infections. 27452116 6 10 theme Chicory 951:957 arg1 inulin 959:964 Chicory inulin 951:964 Chicory inulin 951:964 Chicory inulin, sugar beet pectin, and both starches had the strongest regulatory effects. 27452116 4 11 theme intestinal 734:743 arg1 cells 756:760 intestinal epithelial cells 734:760 intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) 734:767 We studied the immunomodulatory effects of dietary fibers against S. paucimobilis on cytokine release and maturation of human dendritic cells (DCs) in co-cultures of DCs and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). 27452116 4 11 theme intestinal 734:743 arg1 IECs 763:766 IECs 763:766 IECs 763:766 We studied the immunomodulatory effects of dietary fibers against S. paucimobilis on cytokine release and maturation of human dendritic cells (DCs) in co-cultures of DCs and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). 27452116 6 12 theme regulatory 1022:1031 arg1 effects 1033:1039 the strongest regulatory effects 1008:1039 the strongest regulatory effects 1008:1039 Chicory inulin, sugar beet pectin, and both starches had the strongest regulatory effects. 27452116 5 13 theme S. 770:771 arg1 infection 786:794 S. paucimobilis infection 770:794 S. paucimobilis infection 770:794 S. paucimobilis infection resulted in increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by DCs/IECs; these effects were strongly attenuated by specific dietary fibers. 27452116 10 14 theme specific 1441:1448 arg1 composition 1459:1469 a specific chemical composition 1439:1469 a specific chemical composition 1439:1469 These results demonstrate that dietary fibers with a specific chemical composition can be used to manage immune responses against pathogens such as S. paucimobilis. 27452116 8 15 theme release 1224:1230 arg1 reduction 1201:1209 the reduction 1197:1209 the reduction of chemokine release 1197:1230 High-maize 260, was more effective in the reduction of chemokine release than the others fibers tested. 27452116 3 16 theme specific 468:475 arg1 fibers 499:504 specific immune active dietary fibers 468:504 specific immune active dietary fibers 468:504 As we have shown that some dietary fibers exhibit pronounced immune-regulatory properties, we hypothesized that specific immune active dietary fibers might modulate the responses against S. paucimobilis. 27452116 5 17 theme paucimobilis 773:784 arg1 infection 786:794 S. paucimobilis infection 770:794 S. paucimobilis infection 770:794 S. paucimobilis infection resulted in increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by DCs/IECs; these effects were strongly attenuated by specific dietary fibers. 27452116 9 18 theme sugar 1291:1295 arg1 pectin 1302:1307 sugar beet pectin 1291:1307 sugar beet pectin 1291:1307 In summary, chicory inulin, sugar beet pectin, High-maize 260, and Novelose 330 attenuate S. paucimobilis-induced cytokines. 27452116 7 19 dep beet 1128:1131 arg1 pectin 1133:1138 pectin 1133:1138 pectin 1133:1138 IL-12 and TNF-α were drastically diminished upon exposure to chicory inulin and sugar beet pectin, or both starches. 27452116 10 20 theme chemical 1450:1457 arg1 composition 1459:1469 a specific chemical composition 1439:1469 a specific chemical composition 1439:1469 These results demonstrate that dietary fibers with a specific chemical composition can be used to manage immune responses against pathogens such as S. paucimobilis. 27452116 5 21 theme chemokines 860:869 arg1 release 818:824 increased release 808:824 increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by DCs/IECs 808:881 S. paucimobilis infection resulted in increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by DCs/IECs; these effects were strongly attenuated by specific dietary fibers. 27452116 2 22 dep now 262:264 arg1 Up 256:257 Up 256:257 Up 256:257 Up to now, no definitive guidelines exist for antimicrobial therapy for S. paucimobilis infections. 27452116 8 23 theme chemokine 1214:1222 arg1 release 1224:1230 chemokine release 1214:1230 chemokine release 1214:1230 High-maize 260, was more effective in the reduction of chemokine release than the others fibers tested. 27452116 5 24 theme increased 808:816 arg1 release 818:824 increased release 808:824 increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by DCs/IECs 808:881 S. paucimobilis infection resulted in increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by DCs/IECs; these effects were strongly attenuated by specific dietary fibers. 27452116 6 25 theme strongest 1012:1020 arg1 effects 1033:1039 the strongest regulatory effects 1008:1039 the strongest regulatory effects 1008:1039 Chicory inulin, sugar beet pectin, and both starches had the strongest regulatory effects. 27452116 2 26 theme paucimobilis 331:342 arg1 infections 344:353 S. paucimobilis infections 328:353 S. paucimobilis infections 328:353 Up to now, no definitive guidelines exist for antimicrobial therapy for S. paucimobilis infections. 27452116 3 27 theme pronounced 406:415 arg1 properties 435:444 pronounced immune-regulatory properties 406:444 pronounced immune-regulatory properties 406:444 As we have shown that some dietary fibers exhibit pronounced immune-regulatory properties, we hypothesized that specific immune active dietary fibers might modulate the responses against S. paucimobilis. 27452116 4 28 theme dietary 603:609 arg1 fibers 611:616 dietary fibers 603:616 dietary fibers against S. paucimobilis 603:640 We studied the immunomodulatory effects of dietary fibers against S. paucimobilis on cytokine release and maturation of human dendritic cells (DCs) in co-cultures of DCs and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). 27452116 8 29 theme others 1241:1246 arg1 fibers 1248:1253 the others fibers 1237:1253 the others fibers tested 1237:1260 High-maize 260, was more effective in the reduction of chemokine release than the others fibers tested. 27452116 2 30 theme S. 328:329 arg1 infections 344:353 S. paucimobilis infections 328:353 S. paucimobilis infections 328:353 Up to now, no definitive guidelines exist for antimicrobial therapy for S. paucimobilis infections. 27452116 5 31 theme specific 926:933 arg1 fibers 943:948 specific dietary fibers 926:948 specific dietary fibers 926:948 S. paucimobilis infection resulted in increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by DCs/IECs; these effects were strongly attenuated by specific dietary fibers. 27452116 0 32 theme Cell 35:38 arg1 Responses 40:48 Dendritic-Epithelial Cell Responses 14:48 Dendritic-Epithelial Cell Responses against Sphingomonas Paucimobilis 14:82 Modulation of Dendritic-Epithelial Cell Responses against Sphingomonas Paucimobilis by Dietary Fibers. 27452116 10 33 used used 1478:1481 arg2 fibers 1427:1432 dietary fibers 1419:1432 dietary fibers with a specific chemical composition 1419:1469 These results demonstrate that dietary fibers with a specific chemical composition can be used to manage immune responses against pathogens such as S. paucimobilis. 27452116 5 34 theme pro-inflammatory 829:844 arg1 cytokines 846:854 cytokines 846:854 cytokines 846:854 S. paucimobilis infection resulted in increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by DCs/IECs; these effects were strongly attenuated by specific dietary fibers. 27452116 1 35 theme widespread 212:221 arg1 causes 223:228 the most widespread causes 203:228 the most widespread causes of nosocomial infections 203:253 Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli, such as Sphingomonas paucimobilis (S.paucimobilis), are among the most widespread causes of nosocomial infections. 27452116 1 36 theme Gram-negative 118:130 arg1 paucimobilis 162:173 Sphingomonas paucimobilis 149:173 Sphingomonas paucimobilis (S.paucimobilis) 149:190 Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli, such as Sphingomonas paucimobilis (S.paucimobilis), are among the most widespread causes of nosocomial infections. 27452116 1 36 theme Gram-negative 118:130 arg1 bacilli 132:138 Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli 103:138 Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli 103:138 Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli, such as Sphingomonas paucimobilis (S.paucimobilis), are among the most widespread causes of nosocomial infections. 27452116 9 37 theme S. 1353:1354 arg1 cytokines 1377:1385 S. paucimobilis-induced cytokines 1353:1385 S. paucimobilis-induced cytokines 1353:1385 In summary, chicory inulin, sugar beet pectin, High-maize 260, and Novelose 330 attenuate S. paucimobilis-induced cytokines. 27452116 7 38 theme sugar 1122:1126 arg1 beet 1128:1131 chicory inulin and sugar beet pectin, or both starches 1103:1156 beet 1128:1131 IL-12 and TNF-α were drastically diminished upon exposure to chicory inulin and sugar beet pectin, or both starches. 27452116 9 39 theme paucimobilis-induced 1356:1375 arg1 cytokines 1377:1385 S. paucimobilis-induced cytokines 1353:1385 S. paucimobilis-induced cytokines 1353:1385 In summary, chicory inulin, sugar beet pectin, High-maize 260, and Novelose 330 attenuate S. paucimobilis-induced cytokines. 27452116 4 40 theme human 680:684 arg1 cells 696:700 human dendritic cells 680:700 human dendritic cells (DCs) 680:706 We studied the immunomodulatory effects of dietary fibers against S. paucimobilis on cytokine release and maturation of human dendritic cells (DCs) in co-cultures of DCs and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). 27452116 4 40 theme human 680:684 arg1 DCs 703:705 DCs 703:705 DCs 703:705 We studied the immunomodulatory effects of dietary fibers against S. paucimobilis on cytokine release and maturation of human dendritic cells (DCs) in co-cultures of DCs and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). 27452116 4 41 from effects 592:598 arg1 maturation 666:675 maturation 666:675 maturation 666:675 We studied the immunomodulatory effects of dietary fibers against S. paucimobilis on cytokine release and maturation of human dendritic cells (DCs) in co-cultures of DCs and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). 27452116 4 41 from effects 592:598 arg1 release 654:660 cytokine release 645:660 cytokine release 645:660 We studied the immunomodulatory effects of dietary fibers against S. paucimobilis on cytokine release and maturation of human dendritic cells (DCs) in co-cultures of DCs and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). 27452116 4 42 theme fibers 611:616 arg1 effects 592:598 the immunomodulatory effects 571:598 the immunomodulatory effects of dietary fibers against S. paucimobilis on cytokine release and maturation of human dendritic cells (DCs) in co-cultures of DCs and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) 571:767 We studied the immunomodulatory effects of dietary fibers against S. paucimobilis on cytokine release and maturation of human dendritic cells (DCs) in co-cultures of DCs and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). 27452116 7 43 theme chicory 1103:1109 arg1 beet 1128:1131 chicory inulin and sugar beet pectin, or both starches 1103:1156 beet 1128:1131 IL-12 and TNF-α were drastically diminished upon exposure to chicory inulin and sugar beet pectin, or both starches. 27452116 4 44 theme cells 696:700 arg1 maturation 666:675 maturation 666:675 maturation 666:675 We studied the immunomodulatory effects of dietary fibers against S. paucimobilis on cytokine release and maturation of human dendritic cells (DCs) in co-cultures of DCs and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). 27452116 4 44 theme cells 696:700 arg1 release 654:660 cytokine release 645:660 cytokine release 645:660 We studied the immunomodulatory effects of dietary fibers against S. paucimobilis on cytokine release and maturation of human dendritic cells (DCs) in co-cultures of DCs and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). 27452116 3 45 theme active 484:489 arg1 fibers 499:504 specific immune active dietary fibers 468:504 specific immune active dietary fibers 468:504 As we have shown that some dietary fibers exhibit pronounced immune-regulatory properties, we hypothesized that specific immune active dietary fibers might modulate the responses against S. paucimobilis. 27452116 0 46 theme Responses 40:48 arg1 Modulation 0:9 Modulation 0:9 Modulation of Dendritic-Epithelial Cell Responses against Sphingomonas Paucimobilis by Dietary Fibers. 0:101 Modulation of Dendritic-Epithelial Cell Responses against Sphingomonas Paucimobilis by Dietary Fibers. 27452116 7 47 theme inulin 1111:1116 arg1 beet 1128:1131 chicory inulin and sugar beet pectin, or both starches 1103:1156 beet 1128:1131 IL-12 and TNF-α were drastically diminished upon exposure to chicory inulin and sugar beet pectin, or both starches. 27452116 3 48 theme dietary 383:389 arg1 fibers 391:396 some dietary fibers 378:396 some dietary fibers 378:396 As we have shown that some dietary fibers exhibit pronounced immune-regulatory properties, we hypothesized that specific immune active dietary fibers might modulate the responses against S. paucimobilis. 27452116 1 49 theme nosocomial 233:242 arg1 infections 244:253 nosocomial infections 233:253 nosocomial infections 233:253 Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli, such as Sphingomonas paucimobilis (S.paucimobilis), are among the most widespread causes of nosocomial infections. 27452116 3 50 theme immune-regulatory 417:433 arg1 properties 435:444 pronounced immune-regulatory properties 406:444 pronounced immune-regulatory properties 406:444 As we have shown that some dietary fibers exhibit pronounced immune-regulatory properties, we hypothesized that specific immune active dietary fibers might modulate the responses against S. paucimobilis. 27452116 5 51 theme dietary 935:941 arg1 fibers 943:948 specific dietary fibers 926:948 specific dietary fibers 926:948 S. paucimobilis infection resulted in increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by DCs/IECs; these effects were strongly attenuated by specific dietary fibers. 27452116 5 52 theme cytokines 846:854 arg1 release 818:824 increased release 808:824 increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by DCs/IECs 808:881 S. paucimobilis infection resulted in increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by DCs/IECs; these effects were strongly attenuated by specific dietary fibers. 27452116 4 53 theme cells 756:760 arg1 co-cultures 711:721 co-cultures 711:721 co-cultures of DCs and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) 711:767 We studied the immunomodulatory effects of dietary fibers against S. paucimobilis on cytokine release and maturation of human dendritic cells (DCs) in co-cultures of DCs and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). 27452116 0 54 theme Sphingomonas 58:69 arg1 Paucimobilis 71:82 Sphingomonas Paucimobilis 58:82 Sphingomonas Paucimobilis 58:82 Modulation of Dendritic-Epithelial Cell Responses against Sphingomonas Paucimobilis by Dietary Fibers. 27452116 9 55 theme chicory 1275:1281 arg1 inulin 1283:1288 chicory inulin 1275:1288 chicory inulin 1275:1288 In summary, chicory inulin, sugar beet pectin, High-maize 260, and Novelose 330 attenuate S. paucimobilis-induced cytokines. 27452116 9 56 theme beet 1297:1300 arg1 pectin 1302:1307 sugar beet pectin 1291:1307 sugar beet pectin 1291:1307 In summary, chicory inulin, sugar beet pectin, High-maize 260, and Novelose 330 attenuate S. paucimobilis-induced cytokines. 27452116 8 57 from reduction 1201:1209 arg1 effective 1184:1192 effective 1184:1192 effective 1184:1192 High-maize 260, was more effective in the reduction of chemokine release than the others fibers tested. 27452116 10 58 theme immune 1493:1498 arg1 responses 1500:1508 immune responses 1493:1508 immune responses against pathogens such as S. paucimobilis 1493:1550 These results demonstrate that dietary fibers with a specific chemical composition can be used to manage immune responses against pathogens such as S. paucimobilis. 27452116 4 59 theme epithelial 745:754 arg1 cells 756:760 intestinal epithelial cells 734:760 intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) 734:767 We studied the immunomodulatory effects of dietary fibers against S. paucimobilis on cytokine release and maturation of human dendritic cells (DCs) in co-cultures of DCs and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). 27452116 4 59 theme epithelial 745:754 arg1 IECs 763:766 IECs 763:766 IECs 763:766 We studied the immunomodulatory effects of dietary fibers against S. paucimobilis on cytokine release and maturation of human dendritic cells (DCs) in co-cultures of DCs and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). 27452116 4 60 theme immunomodulatory 575:590 arg1 effects 592:598 the immunomodulatory effects 571:598 the immunomodulatory effects of dietary fibers against S. paucimobilis on cytokine release and maturation of human dendritic cells (DCs) in co-cultures of DCs and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) 571:767 We studied the immunomodulatory effects of dietary fibers against S. paucimobilis on cytokine release and maturation of human dendritic cells (DCs) in co-cultures of DCs and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). 27452116 2 61 theme definitive 270:279 arg1 guidelines 281:290 no definitive guidelines 267:290 no definitive guidelines 267:290 Up to now, no definitive guidelines exist for antimicrobial therapy for S. paucimobilis infections. 27452116 6 62 contain had 1004:1006 arg1 starches 995:1002 both starches 990:1002 both starches 990:1002 Chicory inulin, sugar beet pectin, and both starches had the strongest regulatory effects. 27452116 6 62 contain had 1004:1006 arg1 pectin 978:983 sugar beet pectin 967:983 sugar beet pectin 967:983 Chicory inulin, sugar beet pectin, and both starches had the strongest regulatory effects. 27452116 6 62 contain had 1004:1006 arg2 effects 1033:1039 the strongest regulatory effects 1008:1039 the strongest regulatory effects 1008:1039 Chicory inulin, sugar beet pectin, and both starches had the strongest regulatory effects. 27452116 6 62 contain had 1004:1006 arg1 inulin 959:964 Chicory inulin 951:964 Chicory inulin 951:964 Chicory inulin, sugar beet pectin, and both starches had the strongest regulatory effects. 27452116 1 63 theme Sphingomonas 149:160 arg1 S.paucimobilis 176:189 S.paucimobilis 176:189 S.paucimobilis 176:189 Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli, such as Sphingomonas paucimobilis (S.paucimobilis), are among the most widespread causes of nosocomial infections. 27452116 1 63 theme Sphingomonas 149:160 arg1 paucimobilis 162:173 Sphingomonas paucimobilis 149:173 Sphingomonas paucimobilis (S.paucimobilis) 149:190 Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli, such as Sphingomonas paucimobilis (S.paucimobilis), are among the most widespread causes of nosocomial infections. 27452116 1 64 theme infections 244:253 arg1 causes 223:228 the most widespread causes 203:228 the most widespread causes of nosocomial infections 203:253 Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli, such as Sphingomonas paucimobilis (S.paucimobilis), are among the most widespread causes of nosocomial infections. 27452116 10 65 theme S. 1536:1537 arg1 paucimobilis 1539:1550 S. paucimobilis 1536:1550 S. paucimobilis 1536:1550 These results demonstrate that dietary fibers with a specific chemical composition can be used to manage immune responses against pathogens such as S. paucimobilis. 27452116 0 66 theme Dietary 87:93 arg1 Fibers 95:100 Dietary Fibers 87:100 Dietary Fibers 87:100 Modulation of Dendritic-Epithelial Cell Responses against Sphingomonas Paucimobilis by Dietary Fibers. 27452116 3 67 theme dietary 491:497 arg1 fibers 499:504 specific immune active dietary fibers 468:504 specific immune active dietary fibers 468:504 As we have shown that some dietary fibers exhibit pronounced immune-regulatory properties, we hypothesized that specific immune active dietary fibers might modulate the responses against S. paucimobilis. 27452116 4 68 theme dendritic 686:694 arg1 cells 696:700 human dendritic cells 680:700 human dendritic cells (DCs) 680:706 We studied the immunomodulatory effects of dietary fibers against S. paucimobilis on cytokine release and maturation of human dendritic cells (DCs) in co-cultures of DCs and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). 27452116 4 68 theme dendritic 686:694 arg1 DCs 703:705 DCs 703:705 DCs 703:705 We studied the immunomodulatory effects of dietary fibers against S. paucimobilis on cytokine release and maturation of human dendritic cells (DCs) in co-cultures of DCs and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). 27452116 4 69 theme DCs 726:728 arg1 co-cultures 711:721 co-cultures 711:721 co-cultures of DCs and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) 711:767 We studied the immunomodulatory effects of dietary fibers against S. paucimobilis on cytokine release and maturation of human dendritic cells (DCs) in co-cultures of DCs and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). 27452116 3 70 theme immune 477:482 arg1 fibers 499:504 specific immune active dietary fibers 468:504 specific immune active dietary fibers 468:504 As we have shown that some dietary fibers exhibit pronounced immune-regulatory properties, we hypothesized that specific immune active dietary fibers might modulate the responses against S. paucimobilis. 27452116 4 71 from maturation 666:675 arg1 co-cultures 711:721 co-cultures 711:721 co-cultures of DCs and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) 711:767 We studied the immunomodulatory effects of dietary fibers against S. paucimobilis on cytokine release and maturation of human dendritic cells (DCs) in co-cultures of DCs and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). 27452116 6 72 theme beet 973:976 arg1 pectin 978:983 sugar beet pectin 967:983 sugar beet pectin 967:983 Chicory inulin, sugar beet pectin, and both starches had the strongest regulatory effects. 27452116 0 73 theme Dendritic-Epithelial 14:33 arg1 Responses 40:48 Dendritic-Epithelial Cell Responses 14:48 Dendritic-Epithelial Cell Responses against Sphingomonas Paucimobilis 14:82 Modulation of Dendritic-Epithelial Cell Responses against Sphingomonas Paucimobilis by Dietary Fibers. 24295906 0 0 theme gas 86:88 arg1 chromatography 90:103 gas chromatography 86:103 gas chromatography 86:103 Determination of bile acids by hollow fibre liquid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography. 24295906 8 1 theme pectin+guar 1656:1666 arg1 gum 1668:1670 pectin+guar gum 1656:1670 pectin+guar gum 1656:1670 Of the dietary fibres, guar gum and to some extent the mixture of pectin+guar gum had the most positive effects. 24295906 2 2 theme ursodeoxycholic 471:485 arg1 acids 428:432 the secondary bile acids 409:432 the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) 409:553 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 2 theme ursodeoxycholic 471:485 arg1 acid 487:490 ursodeoxycholic acid 471:490 ursodeoxycholic acid 471:490 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 2 theme ursodeoxycholic 471:485 arg1 acids 340:344 the primary bile acids 323:344 the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) 323:403 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 3 3 theme caecal 670:675 arg1 material 677:684 caecal material 670:684 caecal material 670:684 Extraction conditions were evaluated, including: sample pH, type of organic solvent and amount of caecal material to be extracted. 24295906 7 4 contain containing 1564:1573 arg2 fibre 1583:1587 fibre 1583:1587 fibre 1583:1587 The results indicated that the concentration of some secondary bile acids, which usually are associated with health problems, were lower in rats fed with fermentable dietary fibre compared with a fibre free control diet, while the concentration of primary bile acids, usually connected with positive health effects, were higher in rats fed with diets containing dietary fibre. 24295906 7 4 contain containing 1564:1573 arg1 diets 1558:1562 diets 1558:1562 diets containing dietary fibre 1558:1587 The results indicated that the concentration of some secondary bile acids, which usually are associated with health problems, were lower in rats fed with fermentable dietary fibre compared with a fibre free control diet, while the concentration of primary bile acids, usually connected with positive health effects, were higher in rats fed with diets containing dietary fibre. 24295906 5 5 dep intra-assay 885:895 arg1 % 906:906 6.3-10.6% 898:906 6.3-10.6% 898:906 The satisfactory linearity (r(2)>0.9840), high recovery (84.2-108.7%) and good intra-assay (6.3-10.6%) and inter-assay (6.9-11.1%) precision illustrated the good performance of the present method. 24295906 7 6 theme free 1415:1418 arg1 diet 1428:1431 a fibre free control diet 1407:1431 a fibre free control diet 1407:1431 The results indicated that the concentration of some secondary bile acids, which usually are associated with health problems, were lower in rats fed with fermentable dietary fibre compared with a fibre free control diet, while the concentration of primary bile acids, usually connected with positive health effects, were higher in rats fed with diets containing dietary fibre. 24295906 3 7 theme material 677:684 arg1 amount 660:665 amount 660:665 amount of caecal material 660:684 Extraction conditions were evaluated, including: sample pH, type of organic solvent and amount of caecal material to be extracted. 24295906 3 7 theme material 677:684 arg1 material 677:684 caecal material 670:684 caecal material 670:684 Extraction conditions were evaluated, including: sample pH, type of organic solvent and amount of caecal material to be extracted. 24295906 5 8 theme high 848:851 arg1 recovery 853:860 high recovery 848:860 high recovery (84.2-108.7%) 848:874 The satisfactory linearity (r(2)>0.9840), high recovery (84.2-108.7%) and good intra-assay (6.3-10.6%) and inter-assay (6.9-11.1%) precision illustrated the good performance of the present method. 24295906 5 8 theme high 848:851 arg1 % 873:873 84.2-108.7% 863:873 84.2-108.7% 863:873 The satisfactory linearity (r(2)>0.9840), high recovery (84.2-108.7%) and good intra-assay (6.3-10.6%) and inter-assay (6.9-11.1%) precision illustrated the good performance of the present method. 24295906 1 9 theme rats 277:280 arg1 materials 264:272 caecal materials 257:272 caecal materials of rats 257:280 A method based on hollow-fibre liquid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography was developed for determination of specific bile acids in caecal materials of rats. 24295906 2 10 theme β-muricholic 514:525 arg1 acids 428:432 the secondary bile acids 409:432 the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) 409:553 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 10 theme β-muricholic 514:525 arg1 acids 340:344 the primary bile acids 323:344 the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) 323:403 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 10 theme β-muricholic 514:525 arg1 acid 527:530 β-muricholic acid 514:530 β-muricholic acid 514:530 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 6 11 theme bile 1072:1075 arg1 acids 1077:1081 detecting and determining bile acids 1046:1081 detecting and determining bile acids with limit of detection (LOD) 1046:1111 The method is rapid, simple and capable of detecting and determining bile acids with limit of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.002 to 0.067μg/mL and limits of quantification (LOQ) varied from 0.006 to 0.224μg/mL. 24295906 8 12 theme gum 1668:1670 arg1 mixture 1645:1651 the mixture 1641:1651 the mixture of pectin+guar gum 1641:1670 Of the dietary fibres, guar gum and to some extent the mixture of pectin+guar gum had the most positive effects. 24295906 2 13 theme bile 301:304 arg1 acids 306:310 Nine unconjugated bile acids 283:310 Nine unconjugated bile acids 283:310 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 13 theme bile 301:304 arg1 acids 340:344 the primary bile acids 323:344 the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) 323:403 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 14 theme bile 335:338 arg1 acid 399:402 α-muricholic acid 386:402 α-muricholic acid 386:402 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 14 theme bile 335:338 arg1 acids 340:344 the primary bile acids 323:344 the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) 323:403 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 14 theme bile 335:338 arg1 acid 354:357 cholic acid 347:357 cholic acid 347:357 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 14 theme bile 335:338 arg1 acid 377:380 chenodeoxycholic acid 360:380 chenodeoxycholic acid 360:380 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 6 15 theme detecting 1046:1054 arg1 acids 1077:1081 detecting and determining bile acids 1046:1081 detecting and determining bile acids with limit of detection (LOD) 1046:1111 The method is rapid, simple and capable of detecting and determining bile acids with limit of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.002 to 0.067μg/mL and limits of quantification (LOQ) varied from 0.006 to 0.224μg/mL. 24295906 6 16 theme quantification 1159:1172 arg1 limits 1149:1154 limits 1149:1154 limits of quantification (LOQ) 1149:1178 The method is rapid, simple and capable of detecting and determining bile acids with limit of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.002 to 0.067μg/mL and limits of quantification (LOQ) varied from 0.006 to 0.224μg/mL. 24295906 4 17 theme sample 721:726 arg1 effects 735:741 sample matrix effects 721:741 sample matrix effects 721:741 To compensate for sample matrix effects during extraction the method of standard addition was applied. 24295906 2 18 theme unconjugated 288:299 arg1 acids 306:310 Nine unconjugated bile acids 283:310 Nine unconjugated bile acids 283:310 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 18 theme unconjugated 288:299 arg1 acids 340:344 the primary bile acids 323:344 the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) 323:403 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 1 19 theme gas 180:182 arg1 chromatography 184:197 gas chromatography 180:197 gas chromatography 180:197 A method based on hollow-fibre liquid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography was developed for determination of specific bile acids in caecal materials of rats. 24295906 2 20 dep acids 428:432 arg1 acids 428:432 the secondary bile acids 409:432 the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) 409:553 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 20 dep acids 428:432 arg1 acid 527:530 β-muricholic acid 514:530 β-muricholic acid 514:530 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 20 dep acids 428:432 arg1 acid 447:450 lithocholic acid 435:450 lithocholic acid 435:450 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 20 dep acids 428:432 arg1 acid 487:490 ursodeoxycholic acid 471:490 ursodeoxycholic acid 471:490 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 20 dep acids 428:432 arg1 acids 340:344 the primary bile acids 323:344 the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) 323:403 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 20 dep acids 428:432 arg1 acid 549:552 ω-muricholic acid 536:552 ω-muricholic acid 536:552 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 20 dep acids 428:432 arg1 acid 465:468 deoxycholic acid 453:468 deoxycholic acid 453:468 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 20 dep acids 428:432 arg1 acid 508:511 hyodeoxycholic acid 493:511 hyodeoxycholic acid 493:511 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 5 21 theme good 880:883 arg1 precision 937:945 good intra-assay (6.3-10.6%) and inter-assay (6.9-11.1%) precision 880:945 good intra-assay (6.3-10.6%) and inter-assay (6.9-11.1%) precision 880:945 The satisfactory linearity (r(2)>0.9840), high recovery (84.2-108.7%) and good intra-assay (6.3-10.6%) and inter-assay (6.9-11.1%) precision illustrated the good performance of the present method. 24295906 7 22 theme acids 1474:1478 arg1 higher 1534:1539 higher 1534:1539 higher 1534:1539 The results indicated that the concentration of some secondary bile acids, which usually are associated with health problems, were lower in rats fed with fermentable dietary fibre compared with a fibre free control diet, while the concentration of primary bile acids, usually connected with positive health effects, were higher in rats fed with diets containing dietary fibre. 24295906 7 22 theme acids 1474:1478 arg1 concentration 1444:1456 the concentration 1440:1456 the concentration 1440:1456 The results indicated that the concentration of some secondary bile acids, which usually are associated with health problems, were lower in rats fed with fermentable dietary fibre compared with a fibre free control diet, while the concentration of primary bile acids, usually connected with positive health effects, were higher in rats fed with diets containing dietary fibre. 24295906 7 23 theme health 1513:1518 arg1 effects 1520:1526 positive health effects 1504:1526 positive health effects 1504:1526 The results indicated that the concentration of some secondary bile acids, which usually are associated with health problems, were lower in rats fed with fermentable dietary fibre compared with a fibre free control diet, while the concentration of primary bile acids, usually connected with positive health effects, were higher in rats fed with diets containing dietary fibre. 24295906 2 24 theme primary 327:333 arg1 acid 399:402 α-muricholic acid 386:402 α-muricholic acid 386:402 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 24 theme primary 327:333 arg1 acids 340:344 the primary bile acids 323:344 the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) 323:403 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 24 theme primary 327:333 arg1 acid 354:357 cholic acid 347:357 cholic acid 347:357 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 24 theme primary 327:333 arg1 acid 377:380 chenodeoxycholic acid 360:380 chenodeoxycholic acid 360:380 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 25 dep acids 340:344 arg1 acid 399:402 α-muricholic acid 386:402 α-muricholic acid 386:402 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 25 dep acids 340:344 arg1 acids 340:344 the primary bile acids 323:344 the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) 323:403 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 25 dep acids 340:344 arg1 acid 354:357 cholic acid 347:357 cholic acid 347:357 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 25 dep acids 340:344 arg1 acid 377:380 chenodeoxycholic acid 360:380 chenodeoxycholic acid 360:380 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 26 theme α-muricholic 386:397 arg1 acid 399:402 α-muricholic acid 386:402 α-muricholic acid 386:402 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 26 theme α-muricholic 386:397 arg1 acids 340:344 the primary bile acids 323:344 the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) 323:403 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 27 theme lithocholic 435:445 arg1 acids 428:432 the secondary bile acids 409:432 the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) 409:553 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 27 theme lithocholic 435:445 arg1 acid 447:450 lithocholic acid 435:450 lithocholic acid 435:450 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 27 theme lithocholic 435:445 arg1 acids 340:344 the primary bile acids 323:344 the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) 323:403 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 7 28 theme health 1322:1327 arg1 problems 1329:1336 health problems 1322:1336 health problems 1322:1336 The results indicated that the concentration of some secondary bile acids, which usually are associated with health problems, were lower in rats fed with fermentable dietary fibre compared with a fibre free control diet, while the concentration of primary bile acids, usually connected with positive health effects, were higher in rats fed with diets containing dietary fibre. 24295906 5 29 theme present 987:993 arg1 method 995:1000 the present method 983:1000 the present method 983:1000 The satisfactory linearity (r(2)>0.9840), high recovery (84.2-108.7%) and good intra-assay (6.3-10.6%) and inter-assay (6.9-11.1%) precision illustrated the good performance of the present method. 24295906 8 30 theme positive 1685:1692 arg1 effects 1694:1700 the most positive effects 1676:1700 the most positive effects 1676:1700 Of the dietary fibres, guar gum and to some extent the mixture of pectin+guar gum had the most positive effects. 24295906 3 31 theme Extraction 572:581 arg1 conditions 583:592 Extraction conditions 572:592 Extraction conditions 572:592 Extraction conditions were evaluated, including: sample pH, type of organic solvent and amount of caecal material to be extracted. 24295906 9 32 theme acids 1755:1759 arg1 composition 1735:1745 the composition 1731:1745 the composition of bile acids 1731:1759 Thus, it was concluded that the composition of bile acids can be affected by the type of diet. 24295906 7 33 theme control 1420:1426 arg1 diet 1428:1431 a fibre free control diet 1407:1431 a fibre free control diet 1407:1431 The results indicated that the concentration of some secondary bile acids, which usually are associated with health problems, were lower in rats fed with fermentable dietary fibre compared with a fibre free control diet, while the concentration of primary bile acids, usually connected with positive health effects, were higher in rats fed with diets containing dietary fibre. 24295906 0 34 theme acids 22:26 arg1 Determination 0:12 Determination 0:12 Determination of bile acids by hollow fibre liquid-phase microextraction 0:71 Determination of bile acids by hollow fibre liquid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography. 24295906 9 35 theme bile 1750:1753 arg1 acids 1755:1759 bile acids 1750:1759 bile acids 1750:1759 Thus, it was concluded that the composition of bile acids can be affected by the type of diet. 24295906 7 36 theme secondary 1266:1274 arg1 acids 1281:1285 some secondary bile acids 1261:1285 some secondary bile acids 1261:1285 The results indicated that the concentration of some secondary bile acids, which usually are associated with health problems, were lower in rats fed with fermentable dietary fibre compared with a fibre free control diet, while the concentration of primary bile acids, usually connected with positive health effects, were higher in rats fed with diets containing dietary fibre. 24295906 6 37 theme determining 1060:1070 arg1 acids 1077:1081 detecting and determining bile acids 1046:1081 detecting and determining bile acids with limit of detection (LOD) 1046:1111 The method is rapid, simple and capable of detecting and determining bile acids with limit of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.002 to 0.067μg/mL and limits of quantification (LOQ) varied from 0.006 to 0.224μg/mL. 24295906 7 38 theme primary 1461:1467 arg1 acids 1474:1478 primary bile acids 1461:1478 primary bile acids 1461:1478 The results indicated that the concentration of some secondary bile acids, which usually are associated with health problems, were lower in rats fed with fermentable dietary fibre compared with a fibre free control diet, while the concentration of primary bile acids, usually connected with positive health effects, were higher in rats fed with diets containing dietary fibre. 24295906 2 39 theme bile 423:426 arg1 acids 428:432 the secondary bile acids 409:432 the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) 409:553 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 39 theme bile 423:426 arg1 acid 527:530 β-muricholic acid 514:530 β-muricholic acid 514:530 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 39 theme bile 423:426 arg1 acid 447:450 lithocholic acid 435:450 lithocholic acid 435:450 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 39 theme bile 423:426 arg1 acid 487:490 ursodeoxycholic acid 471:490 ursodeoxycholic acid 471:490 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 39 theme bile 423:426 arg1 acids 340:344 the primary bile acids 323:344 the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) 323:403 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 39 theme bile 423:426 arg1 acid 549:552 ω-muricholic acid 536:552 ω-muricholic acid 536:552 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 39 theme bile 423:426 arg1 acid 465:468 deoxycholic acid 453:468 deoxycholic acid 453:468 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 39 theme bile 423:426 arg1 acid 508:511 hyodeoxycholic acid 493:511 hyodeoxycholic acid 493:511 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 0 40 theme bile 17:20 arg1 acids 22:26 bile acids 17:26 bile acids 17:26 Determination of bile acids by hollow fibre liquid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography. 24295906 6 41 theme detection 1097:1105 arg1 limit 1088:1092 limit 1088:1092 limit of detection (LOD) 1088:1111 The method is rapid, simple and capable of detecting and determining bile acids with limit of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.002 to 0.067μg/mL and limits of quantification (LOQ) varied from 0.006 to 0.224μg/mL. 24295906 5 42 theme intra-assay 885:895 arg1 precision 937:945 good intra-assay (6.3-10.6%) and inter-assay (6.9-11.1%) precision 880:945 good intra-assay (6.3-10.6%) and inter-assay (6.9-11.1%) precision 880:945 The satisfactory linearity (r(2)>0.9840), high recovery (84.2-108.7%) and good intra-assay (6.3-10.6%) and inter-assay (6.9-11.1%) precision illustrated the good performance of the present method. 24295906 5 43 theme method 995:1000 arg1 performance 968:978 the good performance 959:978 the good performance of the present method 959:1000 The satisfactory linearity (r(2)>0.9840), high recovery (84.2-108.7%) and good intra-assay (6.3-10.6%) and inter-assay (6.9-11.1%) precision illustrated the good performance of the present method. 24295906 4 44 theme matrix 728:733 arg1 effects 735:741 sample matrix effects 721:741 sample matrix effects 721:741 To compensate for sample matrix effects during extraction the method of standard addition was applied. 24295906 2 45 theme secondary 413:421 arg1 acids 428:432 the secondary bile acids 409:432 the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) 409:553 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 45 theme secondary 413:421 arg1 acid 527:530 β-muricholic acid 514:530 β-muricholic acid 514:530 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 45 theme secondary 413:421 arg1 acid 447:450 lithocholic acid 435:450 lithocholic acid 435:450 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 45 theme secondary 413:421 arg1 acid 487:490 ursodeoxycholic acid 471:490 ursodeoxycholic acid 471:490 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 45 theme secondary 413:421 arg1 acids 340:344 the primary bile acids 323:344 the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) 323:403 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 45 theme secondary 413:421 arg1 acid 549:552 ω-muricholic acid 536:552 ω-muricholic acid 536:552 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 45 theme secondary 413:421 arg1 acid 465:468 deoxycholic acid 453:468 deoxycholic acid 453:468 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 45 theme secondary 413:421 arg1 acid 508:511 hyodeoxycholic acid 493:511 hyodeoxycholic acid 493:511 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 0 46 theme hollow 31:36 arg1 microextraction 57:71 hollow fibre liquid-phase microextraction 31:71 hollow fibre liquid-phase microextraction 31:71 Determination of bile acids by hollow fibre liquid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography. 24295906 7 47 theme positive 1504:1511 arg1 effects 1520:1526 positive health effects 1504:1526 positive health effects 1504:1526 The results indicated that the concentration of some secondary bile acids, which usually are associated with health problems, were lower in rats fed with fermentable dietary fibre compared with a fibre free control diet, while the concentration of primary bile acids, usually connected with positive health effects, were higher in rats fed with diets containing dietary fibre. 24295906 2 48 theme ω-muricholic 536:547 arg1 acid 549:552 ω-muricholic acid 536:552 ω-muricholic acid 536:552 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 48 theme ω-muricholic 536:547 arg1 acids 428:432 the secondary bile acids 409:432 the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) 409:553 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 48 theme ω-muricholic 536:547 arg1 acids 340:344 the primary bile acids 323:344 the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) 323:403 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 3 49 theme organic 640:646 arg1 solvent 648:654 organic solvent 640:654 organic solvent 640:654 Extraction conditions were evaluated, including: sample pH, type of organic solvent and amount of caecal material to be extracted. 24295906 7 50 theme bile 1276:1279 arg1 acids 1281:1285 some secondary bile acids 1261:1285 some secondary bile acids 1261:1285 The results indicated that the concentration of some secondary bile acids, which usually are associated with health problems, were lower in rats fed with fermentable dietary fibre compared with a fibre free control diet, while the concentration of primary bile acids, usually connected with positive health effects, were higher in rats fed with diets containing dietary fibre. 24295906 8 51 theme dietary 1597:1603 arg1 fibres 1605:1610 the dietary fibres 1593:1610 the dietary fibres 1593:1610 Of the dietary fibres, guar gum and to some extent the mixture of pectin+guar gum had the most positive effects. 24295906 7 52 theme acids 1281:1285 arg1 concentration 1244:1256 the concentration 1240:1256 the concentration of some secondary bile acids, which usually are associated with health problems, 1240:1337 The results indicated that the concentration of some secondary bile acids, which usually are associated with health problems, were lower in rats fed with fermentable dietary fibre compared with a fibre free control diet, while the concentration of primary bile acids, usually connected with positive health effects, were higher in rats fed with diets containing dietary fibre. 24295906 7 52 theme acids 1281:1285 arg1 lower 1344:1348 lower 1344:1348 lower 1344:1348 The results indicated that the concentration of some secondary bile acids, which usually are associated with health problems, were lower in rats fed with fermentable dietary fibre compared with a fibre free control diet, while the concentration of primary bile acids, usually connected with positive health effects, were higher in rats fed with diets containing dietary fibre. 24295906 8 53 theme guar 1613:1616 arg1 gum 1618:1620 guar gum 1613:1620 guar gum and to some extent the mixture of pectin+guar gum 1613:1670 Of the dietary fibres, guar gum and to some extent the mixture of pectin+guar gum had the most positive effects. 24295906 1 54 theme specific 234:241 arg1 acids 248:252 specific bile acids 234:252 specific bile acids 234:252 A method based on hollow-fibre liquid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography was developed for determination of specific bile acids in caecal materials of rats. 24295906 0 55 theme liquid-phase 44:55 arg1 microextraction 57:71 hollow fibre liquid-phase microextraction 31:71 hollow fibre liquid-phase microextraction 31:71 Determination of bile acids by hollow fibre liquid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography. 24295906 7 56 theme bile 1469:1472 arg1 acids 1474:1478 primary bile acids 1461:1478 primary bile acids 1461:1478 The results indicated that the concentration of some secondary bile acids, which usually are associated with health problems, were lower in rats fed with fermentable dietary fibre compared with a fibre free control diet, while the concentration of primary bile acids, usually connected with positive health effects, were higher in rats fed with diets containing dietary fibre. 24295906 7 57 theme fibre 1409:1413 arg1 diet 1428:1431 a fibre free control diet 1407:1431 a fibre free control diet 1407:1431 The results indicated that the concentration of some secondary bile acids, which usually are associated with health problems, were lower in rats fed with fermentable dietary fibre compared with a fibre free control diet, while the concentration of primary bile acids, usually connected with positive health effects, were higher in rats fed with diets containing dietary fibre. 24295906 2 58 theme cholic 347:352 arg1 acids 340:344 the primary bile acids 323:344 the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) 323:403 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 58 theme cholic 347:352 arg1 acid 354:357 cholic acid 347:357 cholic acid 347:357 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 0 59 theme fibre 38:42 arg1 microextraction 57:71 hollow fibre liquid-phase microextraction 31:71 hollow fibre liquid-phase microextraction 31:71 Determination of bile acids by hollow fibre liquid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography. 24295906 6 60 with acids 1077:1081 arg1 limit 1088:1092 limit 1088:1092 limit of detection (LOD) 1088:1111 The method is rapid, simple and capable of detecting and determining bile acids with limit of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.002 to 0.067μg/mL and limits of quantification (LOQ) varied from 0.006 to 0.224μg/mL. 24295906 5 61 theme good 963:966 arg1 performance 968:978 the good performance 959:978 the good performance of the present method 959:1000 The satisfactory linearity (r(2)>0.9840), high recovery (84.2-108.7%) and good intra-assay (6.3-10.6%) and inter-assay (6.9-11.1%) precision illustrated the good performance of the present method. 24295906 5 62 dep inter-assay 913:923 arg1 % 934:934 6.9-11.1% 926:934 6.9-11.1% 926:934 The satisfactory linearity (r(2)>0.9840), high recovery (84.2-108.7%) and good intra-assay (6.3-10.6%) and inter-assay (6.9-11.1%) precision illustrated the good performance of the present method. 24295906 4 63 theme standard 775:782 arg1 addition 784:791 standard addition 775:791 standard addition 775:791 To compensate for sample matrix effects during extraction the method of standard addition was applied. 24295906 3 64 theme sample 621:626 arg1 pH 628:629 sample pH 621:629 sample pH 621:629 Extraction conditions were evaluated, including: sample pH, type of organic solvent and amount of caecal material to be extracted. 24295906 1 65 from determination 217:229 arg1 materials 264:272 caecal materials 257:272 caecal materials of rats 257:280 A method based on hollow-fibre liquid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography was developed for determination of specific bile acids in caecal materials of rats. 24295906 1 66 theme hollow-fibre 124:135 arg1 microextraction 150:164 hollow-fibre liquid phase microextraction 124:164 hollow-fibre liquid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography 124:197 A method based on hollow-fibre liquid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography was developed for determination of specific bile acids in caecal materials of rats. 24295906 1 67 theme bile 243:246 arg1 acids 248:252 specific bile acids 234:252 specific bile acids 234:252 A method based on hollow-fibre liquid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography was developed for determination of specific bile acids in caecal materials of rats. 24295906 5 68 theme inter-assay 913:923 arg1 precision 937:945 good intra-assay (6.3-10.6%) and inter-assay (6.9-11.1%) precision 880:945 good intra-assay (6.3-10.6%) and inter-assay (6.9-11.1%) precision 880:945 The satisfactory linearity (r(2)>0.9840), high recovery (84.2-108.7%) and good intra-assay (6.3-10.6%) and inter-assay (6.9-11.1%) precision illustrated the good performance of the present method. 24295906 3 69 theme solvent 648:654 arg1 type 632:635 type 632:635 type of organic solvent 632:654 Extraction conditions were evaluated, including: sample pH, type of organic solvent and amount of caecal material to be extracted. 24295906 5 70 theme satisfactory 810:821 arg1 r 834:834 r(2)>0.9840 834:844 r(2)>0.9840 834:844 The satisfactory linearity (r(2)>0.9840), high recovery (84.2-108.7%) and good intra-assay (6.3-10.6%) and inter-assay (6.9-11.1%) precision illustrated the good performance of the present method. 24295906 5 70 theme satisfactory 810:821 arg1 linearity 823:831 The satisfactory linearity 806:831 The satisfactory linearity (r(2)>0.9840) 806:845 The satisfactory linearity (r(2)>0.9840), high recovery (84.2-108.7%) and good intra-assay (6.3-10.6%) and inter-assay (6.9-11.1%) precision illustrated the good performance of the present method. 24295906 9 71 theme diet 1792:1795 arg1 type 1784:1787 the type 1780:1787 the type of diet 1780:1795 Thus, it was concluded that the composition of bile acids can be affected by the type of diet. 24295906 1 72 theme liquid 137:142 arg1 microextraction 150:164 hollow-fibre liquid phase microextraction 124:164 hollow-fibre liquid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography 124:197 A method based on hollow-fibre liquid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography was developed for determination of specific bile acids in caecal materials of rats. 24295906 1 73 theme acids 248:252 arg1 determination 217:229 determination 217:229 determination of specific bile acids in caecal materials of rats 217:280 A method based on hollow-fibre liquid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography was developed for determination of specific bile acids in caecal materials of rats. 24295906 2 74 theme hyodeoxycholic 493:506 arg1 acids 428:432 the secondary bile acids 409:432 the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) 409:553 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 74 theme hyodeoxycholic 493:506 arg1 acids 340:344 the primary bile acids 323:344 the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) 323:403 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 74 theme hyodeoxycholic 493:506 arg1 acid 508:511 hyodeoxycholic acid 493:511 hyodeoxycholic acid 493:511 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 4 75 dep applied 797:803 arg1 compensate 706:715 compensate 706:715 To compensate for sample matrix effects during extraction 703:759 To compensate for sample matrix effects during extraction the method of standard addition was applied. 24295906 1 76 theme phase 144:148 arg1 microextraction 150:164 hollow-fibre liquid phase microextraction 124:164 hollow-fibre liquid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography 124:197 A method based on hollow-fibre liquid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography was developed for determination of specific bile acids in caecal materials of rats. 24295906 8 77 contain had 1672:1674 arg1 gum 1618:1620 guar gum 1613:1620 guar gum and to some extent the mixture of pectin+guar gum 1613:1670 Of the dietary fibres, guar gum and to some extent the mixture of pectin+guar gum had the most positive effects. 24295906 8 77 contain had 1672:1674 arg2 effects 1694:1700 the most positive effects 1676:1700 the most positive effects 1676:1700 Of the dietary fibres, guar gum and to some extent the mixture of pectin+guar gum had the most positive effects. 24295906 2 78 theme deoxycholic 453:463 arg1 acids 428:432 the secondary bile acids 409:432 the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) 409:553 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 78 theme deoxycholic 453:463 arg1 acid 465:468 deoxycholic acid 453:468 deoxycholic acid 453:468 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 78 theme deoxycholic 453:463 arg1 acids 340:344 the primary bile acids 323:344 the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) 323:403 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 4 79 theme addition 784:791 arg1 method 765:770 the method 761:770 the method of standard addition 761:791 To compensate for sample matrix effects during extraction the method of standard addition was applied. 24295906 2 80 theme chenodeoxycholic 360:375 arg1 acids 340:344 the primary bile acids 323:344 the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) 323:403 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 2 80 theme chenodeoxycholic 360:375 arg1 acid 377:380 chenodeoxycholic acid 360:380 chenodeoxycholic acid 360:380 Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. 24295906 1 81 theme caecal 257:262 arg1 materials 264:272 caecal materials 257:272 caecal materials of rats 257:280 A method based on hollow-fibre liquid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography was developed for determination of specific bile acids in caecal materials of rats. 25921759 3 0 theme aforementioned 892:905 arg1 variables 913:921 the aforementioned input variables 888:921 the aforementioned input variables 888:921 The second-order and cubic regression models, which have been both tested by the analysis of variance (ANOVA), were constructed to link the output response (the dye removal factor) with the aforementioned input variables, respectively. 25921759 0 1 theme cationic 71:78 arg1 dyes 92:95 cationic and anionic dyes 71:95 cationic and anionic dyes 71:95 Modeling and optimization of the flocculation processes for removal of cationic and anionic dyes from water by an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant using response surface methodology. 25921759 0 2 theme surface 175:181 arg1 methodology 183:193 response surface methodology 166:193 response surface methodology 166:193 Modeling and optimization of the flocculation processes for removal of cationic and anionic dyes from water by an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant using response surface methodology. 25921759 5 3 theme opposite 1188:1195 arg1 charges 1197:1203 opposite charges 1188:1203 opposite charges 1188:1203 The effects of those variables on the flocculation performance of CMC-g-PDMC for removal of the two dyes containing opposite charges from aqueous solutions have been studied, and the flocculation mechanisms including the interactive effects between various influencing factors have been discussed in detail also. 25921759 1 4 theme carboxymethyl 261:273 arg1 chloride 338:345 carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride 261:345 carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride 261:345 In this study, an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant (carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride, denoted as CMC-g-PDMC) was applied to removal of the anionic and cationic dyes, acid Green 25 (AG25) and Basic Bright Yellow (7GL), from water. 25921759 0 5 theme dyes 92:95 arg1 removal 60:66 removal 60:66 removal of cationic and anionic dyes from water 60:106 Modeling and optimization of the flocculation processes for removal of cationic and anionic dyes from water by an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant using response surface methodology. 25921759 2 6 theme CCD 616:618 arg1 basis 581:585 the basis 577:585 the basis of central composite design (CCD) using flocculant dosage, initial solution pH and temperature as input variables 577:699 Flocculation conditions have been optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) on the basis of central composite design (CCD) using flocculant dosage, initial solution pH and temperature as input variables. 25921759 5 7 theme dyes 1172:1175 arg1 removal 1153:1159 removal 1153:1159 removal of the two dyes containing opposite charges from aqueous solutions 1153:1226 The effects of those variables on the flocculation performance of CMC-g-PDMC for removal of the two dyes containing opposite charges from aqueous solutions have been studied, and the flocculation mechanisms including the interactive effects between various influencing factors have been discussed in detail also. 25921759 1 8 theme chitosan-graft-poly 275:293 arg1 chloride 338:345 carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride 261:345 carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride 261:345 In this study, an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant (carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride, denoted as CMC-g-PDMC) was applied to removal of the anionic and cationic dyes, acid Green 25 (AG25) and Basic Bright Yellow (7GL), from water. 25921759 0 9 theme anionic 84:90 arg1 dyes 92:95 cationic and anionic dyes 71:95 cationic and anionic dyes 71:95 Modeling and optimization of the flocculation processes for removal of cationic and anionic dyes from water by an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant using response surface methodology. 25921759 5 10 theme flocculation 1255:1266 arg1 effects 1305:1311 the interactive effects 1289:1311 the interactive effects between various influencing factors 1289:1347 The effects of those variables on the flocculation performance of CMC-g-PDMC for removal of the two dyes containing opposite charges from aqueous solutions have been studied, and the flocculation mechanisms including the interactive effects between various influencing factors have been discussed in detail also. 25921759 5 10 theme flocculation 1255:1266 arg1 mechanisms 1268:1277 the flocculation mechanisms 1251:1277 the flocculation mechanisms including the interactive effects between various influencing factors 1251:1347 The effects of those variables on the flocculation performance of CMC-g-PDMC for removal of the two dyes containing opposite charges from aqueous solutions have been studied, and the flocculation mechanisms including the interactive effects between various influencing factors have been discussed in detail also. 25921759 2 11 theme composite 598:606 arg1 CCD 616:618 central composite design (CCD) 590:619 central composite design (CCD) using flocculant dosage, initial solution pH and temperature as input variables 590:699 Flocculation conditions have been optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) on the basis of central composite design (CCD) using flocculant dosage, initial solution pH and temperature as input variables. 25921759 2 12 theme design 608:613 arg1 CCD 616:618 central composite design (CCD) 590:619 central composite design (CCD) using flocculant dosage, initial solution pH and temperature as input variables 590:699 Flocculation conditions have been optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) on the basis of central composite design (CCD) using flocculant dosage, initial solution pH and temperature as input variables. 25921759 3 13 theme output 842:847 arg1 factor 875:880 the dye removal factor 859:880 the dye removal factor 859:880 The second-order and cubic regression models, which have been both tested by the analysis of variance (ANOVA), were constructed to link the output response (the dye removal factor) with the aforementioned input variables, respectively. 25921759 3 13 theme output 842:847 arg1 response 849:856 the output response 838:856 the output response (the dye removal factor) 838:881 The second-order and cubic regression models, which have been both tested by the analysis of variance (ANOVA), were constructed to link the output response (the dye removal factor) with the aforementioned input variables, respectively. 25921759 2 14 theme central 590:596 arg1 CCD 616:618 central composite design (CCD) 590:619 central composite design (CCD) using flocculant dosage, initial solution pH and temperature as input variables 590:699 Flocculation conditions have been optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) on the basis of central composite design (CCD) using flocculant dosage, initial solution pH and temperature as input variables. 25921759 1 15 theme Basic 453:457 arg1 7GL 474:476 7GL 474:476 7GL 474:476 In this study, an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant (carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride, denoted as CMC-g-PDMC) was applied to removal of the anionic and cationic dyes, acid Green 25 (AG25) and Basic Bright Yellow (7GL), from water. 25921759 1 15 theme Basic 453:457 arg1 dyes 422:425 the anionic and cationic dyes 397:425 the anionic and cationic dyes 397:425 In this study, an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant (carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride, denoted as CMC-g-PDMC) was applied to removal of the anionic and cationic dyes, acid Green 25 (AG25) and Basic Bright Yellow (7GL), from water. 25921759 1 15 theme Basic 453:457 arg1 Yellow 466:471 Basic Bright Yellow 453:471 Basic Bright Yellow (7GL) 453:477 In this study, an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant (carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride, denoted as CMC-g-PDMC) was applied to removal of the anionic and cationic dyes, acid Green 25 (AG25) and Basic Bright Yellow (7GL), from water. 25921759 5 16 theme CMC-g-PDMC 1138:1147 arg1 performance 1123:1133 the flocculation performance 1106:1133 the flocculation performance of CMC-g-PDMC for removal of the two dyes containing opposite charges from aqueous solutions 1106:1226 The effects of those variables on the flocculation performance of CMC-g-PDMC for removal of the two dyes containing opposite charges from aqueous solutions have been studied, and the flocculation mechanisms including the interactive effects between various influencing factors have been discussed in detail also. 25921759 4 17 theme regression 955:964 arg1 model 966:970 The second-order regression model 938:970 The second-order regression model 938:970 The second-order regression model well described the process of AG25 removal, whereas the cubic one is more suitable for that of 7GL. 25921759 5 18 theme variables 1093:1101 arg1 effects 1076:1082 The effects 1072:1082 The effects of those variables on the flocculation performance of CMC-g-PDMC for removal of the two dyes containing opposite charges from aqueous solutions 1072:1226 The effects of those variables on the flocculation performance of CMC-g-PDMC for removal of the two dyes containing opposite charges from aqueous solutions have been studied, and the flocculation mechanisms including the interactive effects between various influencing factors have been discussed in detail also. 25921759 5 19 from effects 1076:1082 arg1 performance 1123:1133 the flocculation performance 1106:1133 the flocculation performance of CMC-g-PDMC for removal of the two dyes containing opposite charges from aqueous solutions 1106:1226 The effects of those variables on the flocculation performance of CMC-g-PDMC for removal of the two dyes containing opposite charges from aqueous solutions have been studied, and the flocculation mechanisms including the interactive effects between various influencing factors have been discussed in detail also. 25921759 1 20 theme Bright 459:464 arg1 7GL 474:476 7GL 474:476 7GL 474:476 In this study, an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant (carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride, denoted as CMC-g-PDMC) was applied to removal of the anionic and cationic dyes, acid Green 25 (AG25) and Basic Bright Yellow (7GL), from water. 25921759 1 20 theme Bright 459:464 arg1 dyes 422:425 the anionic and cationic dyes 397:425 the anionic and cationic dyes 397:425 In this study, an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant (carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride, denoted as CMC-g-PDMC) was applied to removal of the anionic and cationic dyes, acid Green 25 (AG25) and Basic Bright Yellow (7GL), from water. 25921759 1 20 theme Bright 459:464 arg1 Yellow 466:471 Basic Bright Yellow 453:471 Basic Bright Yellow (7GL) 453:477 In this study, an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant (carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride, denoted as CMC-g-PDMC) was applied to removal of the anionic and cationic dyes, acid Green 25 (AG25) and Basic Bright Yellow (7GL), from water. 25921759 1 21 from water 485:489 arg1 removal 386:392 removal 386:392 removal of the anionic and cationic dyes, acid Green 25 (AG25) and Basic Bright Yellow (7GL), from water 386:489 In this study, an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant (carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride, denoted as CMC-g-PDMC) was applied to removal of the anionic and cationic dyes, acid Green 25 (AG25) and Basic Bright Yellow (7GL), from water. 25921759 4 22 theme second-order 942:953 arg1 model 966:970 The second-order regression model 938:970 The second-order regression model 938:970 The second-order regression model well described the process of AG25 removal, whereas the cubic one is more suitable for that of 7GL. 25921759 1 23 theme 2-methacryloyloxyethyl 295:316 arg1 chloride 338:345 carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride 261:345 carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride 261:345 In this study, an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant (carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride, denoted as CMC-g-PDMC) was applied to removal of the anionic and cationic dyes, acid Green 25 (AG25) and Basic Bright Yellow (7GL), from water. 25921759 3 24 theme second-order 706:717 arg1 models 740:745 The second-order and cubic regression models 702:745 The second-order and cubic regression models 702:745 The second-order and cubic regression models, which have been both tested by the analysis of variance (ANOVA), were constructed to link the output response (the dye removal factor) with the aforementioned input variables, respectively. 25921759 2 25 theme flocculant 627:636 arg1 pH 663:664 initial solution pH 646:664 initial solution pH 646:664 Flocculation conditions have been optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) on the basis of central composite design (CCD) using flocculant dosage, initial solution pH and temperature as input variables. 25921759 2 25 theme flocculant 627:636 arg1 dosage 638:643 flocculant dosage 627:643 flocculant dosage 627:643 Flocculation conditions have been optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) on the basis of central composite design (CCD) using flocculant dosage, initial solution pH and temperature as input variables. 25921759 2 25 theme flocculant 627:636 arg1 temperature 670:680 temperature 670:680 temperature 670:680 Flocculation conditions have been optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) on the basis of central composite design (CCD) using flocculant dosage, initial solution pH and temperature as input variables. 25921759 2 25 theme flocculant 627:636 arg1 variables 691:699 input variables 685:699 input variables 685:699 Flocculation conditions have been optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) on the basis of central composite design (CCD) using flocculant dosage, initial solution pH and temperature as input variables. 25921759 5 26 theme aqueous 1210:1216 arg1 solutions 1218:1226 aqueous solutions 1210:1226 aqueous solutions 1210:1226 The effects of those variables on the flocculation performance of CMC-g-PDMC for removal of the two dyes containing opposite charges from aqueous solutions have been studied, and the flocculation mechanisms including the interactive effects between various influencing factors have been discussed in detail also. 25921759 5 27 from solutions 1218:1226 arg1 removal 1153:1159 removal 1153:1159 removal of the two dyes containing opposite charges from aqueous solutions 1153:1226 The effects of those variables on the flocculation performance of CMC-g-PDMC for removal of the two dyes containing opposite charges from aqueous solutions have been studied, and the flocculation mechanisms including the interactive effects between various influencing factors have been discussed in detail also. 25921759 3 28 theme dye 863:865 arg1 factor 875:880 the dye removal factor 859:880 the dye removal factor 859:880 The second-order and cubic regression models, which have been both tested by the analysis of variance (ANOVA), were constructed to link the output response (the dye removal factor) with the aforementioned input variables, respectively. 25921759 3 28 theme dye 863:865 arg1 response 849:856 the output response 838:856 the output response (the dye removal factor) 838:881 The second-order and cubic regression models, which have been both tested by the analysis of variance (ANOVA), were constructed to link the output response (the dye removal factor) with the aforementioned input variables, respectively. 25921759 1 29 theme trimethyl 319:327 arg1 chloride 338:345 carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride 261:345 carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride 261:345 In this study, an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant (carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride, denoted as CMC-g-PDMC) was applied to removal of the anionic and cationic dyes, acid Green 25 (AG25) and Basic Bright Yellow (7GL), from water. 25921759 3 30 theme removal 867:873 arg1 factor 875:880 the dye removal factor 859:880 the dye removal factor 859:880 The second-order and cubic regression models, which have been both tested by the analysis of variance (ANOVA), were constructed to link the output response (the dye removal factor) with the aforementioned input variables, respectively. 25921759 3 30 theme removal 867:873 arg1 response 849:856 the output response 838:856 the output response (the dye removal factor) 838:881 The second-order and cubic regression models, which have been both tested by the analysis of variance (ANOVA), were constructed to link the output response (the dye removal factor) with the aforementioned input variables, respectively. 25921759 1 31 theme anionic 401:407 arg1 Yellow 466:471 Basic Bright Yellow 453:471 Basic Bright Yellow (7GL) 453:477 In this study, an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant (carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride, denoted as CMC-g-PDMC) was applied to removal of the anionic and cationic dyes, acid Green 25 (AG25) and Basic Bright Yellow (7GL), from water. 25921759 1 31 theme anionic 401:407 arg1 dyes 422:425 the anionic and cationic dyes 397:425 the anionic and cationic dyes 397:425 In this study, an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant (carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride, denoted as CMC-g-PDMC) was applied to removal of the anionic and cationic dyes, acid Green 25 (AG25) and Basic Bright Yellow (7GL), from water. 25921759 1 31 theme anionic 401:407 arg1 Green 433:437 acid Green 25 428:440 acid Green 25 (AG25) 428:447 In this study, an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant (carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride, denoted as CMC-g-PDMC) was applied to removal of the anionic and cationic dyes, acid Green 25 (AG25) and Basic Bright Yellow (7GL), from water. 25921759 5 32 theme influencing 1329:1339 arg1 factors 1341:1347 various influencing factors 1321:1347 various influencing factors 1321:1347 The effects of those variables on the flocculation performance of CMC-g-PDMC for removal of the two dyes containing opposite charges from aqueous solutions have been studied, and the flocculation mechanisms including the interactive effects between various influencing factors have been discussed in detail also. 25921759 0 33 theme flocculation 33:44 arg1 optimization 13:24 optimization 13:24 optimization 13:24 Modeling and optimization of the flocculation processes for removal of cationic and anionic dyes from water by an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant using response surface methodology. 25921759 0 33 theme flocculation 33:44 arg1 Modeling 0:7 Modeling 0:7 Modeling 0:7 Modeling and optimization of the flocculation processes for removal of cationic and anionic dyes from water by an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant using response surface methodology. 25921759 1 34 theme ammonium 329:336 arg1 chloride 338:345 carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride 261:345 carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride 261:345 In this study, an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant (carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride, denoted as CMC-g-PDMC) was applied to removal of the anionic and cationic dyes, acid Green 25 (AG25) and Basic Bright Yellow (7GL), from water. 25921759 0 35 theme grafting 125:132 arg1 flocculant 149:158 an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant 111:158 an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant using response surface methodology 111:193 Modeling and optimization of the flocculation processes for removal of cationic and anionic dyes from water by an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant using response surface methodology. 25921759 1 36 dep flocculant 249:258 arg1 chloride 338:345 carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride 261:345 carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride 261:345 In this study, an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant (carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride, denoted as CMC-g-PDMC) was applied to removal of the anionic and cationic dyes, acid Green 25 (AG25) and Basic Bright Yellow (7GL), from water. 25921759 0 37 theme amphoteric 114:123 arg1 flocculant 149:158 an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant 111:158 an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant using response surface methodology 111:193 Modeling and optimization of the flocculation processes for removal of cationic and anionic dyes from water by an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant using response surface methodology. 25921759 1 38 theme cationic 413:420 arg1 Yellow 466:471 Basic Bright Yellow 453:471 Basic Bright Yellow (7GL) 453:477 In this study, an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant (carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride, denoted as CMC-g-PDMC) was applied to removal of the anionic and cationic dyes, acid Green 25 (AG25) and Basic Bright Yellow (7GL), from water. 25921759 1 38 theme cationic 413:420 arg1 dyes 422:425 the anionic and cationic dyes 397:425 the anionic and cationic dyes 397:425 In this study, an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant (carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride, denoted as CMC-g-PDMC) was applied to removal of the anionic and cationic dyes, acid Green 25 (AG25) and Basic Bright Yellow (7GL), from water. 25921759 1 38 theme cationic 413:420 arg1 Green 433:437 acid Green 25 428:440 acid Green 25 (AG25) 428:447 In this study, an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant (carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride, denoted as CMC-g-PDMC) was applied to removal of the anionic and cationic dyes, acid Green 25 (AG25) and Basic Bright Yellow (7GL), from water. 25921759 5 39 theme interactive 1293:1303 arg1 effects 1305:1311 the interactive effects 1289:1311 the interactive effects between various influencing factors 1289:1347 The effects of those variables on the flocculation performance of CMC-g-PDMC for removal of the two dyes containing opposite charges from aqueous solutions have been studied, and the flocculation mechanisms including the interactive effects between various influencing factors have been discussed in detail also. 25921759 1 40 theme dyes 422:425 arg1 removal 386:392 removal 386:392 removal of the anionic and cationic dyes, acid Green 25 (AG25) and Basic Bright Yellow (7GL), from water 386:489 In this study, an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant (carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride, denoted as CMC-g-PDMC) was applied to removal of the anionic and cationic dyes, acid Green 25 (AG25) and Basic Bright Yellow (7GL), from water. 25921759 2 41 theme surface 548:554 arg1 RSM 569:571 RSM 569:571 RSM 569:571 Flocculation conditions have been optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) on the basis of central composite design (CCD) using flocculant dosage, initial solution pH and temperature as input variables. 25921759 2 41 theme surface 548:554 arg1 methodology 556:566 response surface methodology 539:566 response surface methodology (RSM) 539:572 Flocculation conditions have been optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) on the basis of central composite design (CCD) using flocculant dosage, initial solution pH and temperature as input variables. 25921759 3 42 theme cubic 723:727 arg1 models 740:745 The second-order and cubic regression models 702:745 The second-order and cubic regression models 702:745 The second-order and cubic regression models, which have been both tested by the analysis of variance (ANOVA), were constructed to link the output response (the dye removal factor) with the aforementioned input variables, respectively. 25921759 0 43 theme chitosan-based 134:147 arg1 flocculant 149:158 an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant 111:158 an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant using response surface methodology 111:193 Modeling and optimization of the flocculation processes for removal of cationic and anionic dyes from water by an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant using response surface methodology. 25921759 0 44 from water 102:106 arg1 removal 60:66 removal 60:66 removal of cationic and anionic dyes from water 60:106 Modeling and optimization of the flocculation processes for removal of cationic and anionic dyes from water by an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant using response surface methodology. 25921759 5 45 contain containing 1177:1186 arg2 charges 1197:1203 opposite charges 1188:1203 opposite charges 1188:1203 The effects of those variables on the flocculation performance of CMC-g-PDMC for removal of the two dyes containing opposite charges from aqueous solutions have been studied, and the flocculation mechanisms including the interactive effects between various influencing factors have been discussed in detail also. 25921759 5 45 contain containing 1177:1186 arg1 dyes 1172:1175 the two dyes 1164:1175 the two dyes containing opposite charges 1164:1203 The effects of those variables on the flocculation performance of CMC-g-PDMC for removal of the two dyes containing opposite charges from aqueous solutions have been studied, and the flocculation mechanisms including the interactive effects between various influencing factors have been discussed in detail also. 25921759 2 46 theme solution 654:661 arg1 pH 663:664 initial solution pH 646:664 initial solution pH 646:664 Flocculation conditions have been optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) on the basis of central composite design (CCD) using flocculant dosage, initial solution pH and temperature as input variables. 25921759 2 46 theme solution 654:661 arg1 dosage 638:643 flocculant dosage 627:643 flocculant dosage 627:643 Flocculation conditions have been optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) on the basis of central composite design (CCD) using flocculant dosage, initial solution pH and temperature as input variables. 25921759 3 47 dep been 759:762 arg1 both 764:767 both 764:767 both 764:767 The second-order and cubic regression models, which have been both tested by the analysis of variance (ANOVA), were constructed to link the output response (the dye removal factor) with the aforementioned input variables, respectively. 25921759 4 48 theme removal 1007:1013 arg1 process 991:997 the process 987:997 the process of AG25 removal 987:1013 The second-order regression model well described the process of AG25 removal, whereas the cubic one is more suitable for that of 7GL. 25921759 3 49 theme regression 729:738 arg1 models 740:745 The second-order and cubic regression models 702:745 The second-order and cubic regression models 702:745 The second-order and cubic regression models, which have been both tested by the analysis of variance (ANOVA), were constructed to link the output response (the dye removal factor) with the aforementioned input variables, respectively. 25921759 0 50 theme response 166:173 arg1 methodology 183:193 response surface methodology 166:193 response surface methodology 166:193 Modeling and optimization of the flocculation processes for removal of cationic and anionic dyes from water by an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant using response surface methodology. 25921759 1 51 theme acid 428:431 arg1 dyes 422:425 the anionic and cationic dyes 397:425 the anionic and cationic dyes 397:425 In this study, an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant (carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride, denoted as CMC-g-PDMC) was applied to removal of the anionic and cationic dyes, acid Green 25 (AG25) and Basic Bright Yellow (7GL), from water. 25921759 1 51 theme acid 428:431 arg1 Green 433:437 acid Green 25 428:440 acid Green 25 (AG25) 428:447 In this study, an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant (carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride, denoted as CMC-g-PDMC) was applied to removal of the anionic and cationic dyes, acid Green 25 (AG25) and Basic Bright Yellow (7GL), from water. 25921759 1 51 theme acid 428:431 arg1 AG25 443:446 AG25 443:446 AG25 443:446 In this study, an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant (carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride, denoted as CMC-g-PDMC) was applied to removal of the anionic and cationic dyes, acid Green 25 (AG25) and Basic Bright Yellow (7GL), from water. 25921759 2 52 theme initial 646:652 arg1 pH 663:664 initial solution pH 646:664 initial solution pH 646:664 Flocculation conditions have been optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) on the basis of central composite design (CCD) using flocculant dosage, initial solution pH and temperature as input variables. 25921759 2 52 theme initial 646:652 arg1 dosage 638:643 flocculant dosage 627:643 flocculant dosage 627:643 Flocculation conditions have been optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) on the basis of central composite design (CCD) using flocculant dosage, initial solution pH and temperature as input variables. 25921759 4 53 theme AG25 1002:1005 arg1 removal 1007:1013 AG25 removal 1002:1013 AG25 removal 1002:1013 The second-order regression model well described the process of AG25 removal, whereas the cubic one is more suitable for that of 7GL. 25921759 1 54 theme amphoteric 214:223 arg1 flocculant 249:258 an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant 211:258 an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant (carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride, denoted as CMC-g-PDMC) 211:369 In this study, an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant (carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride, denoted as CMC-g-PDMC) was applied to removal of the anionic and cationic dyes, acid Green 25 (AG25) and Basic Bright Yellow (7GL), from water. 25921759 2 55 theme response 539:546 arg1 RSM 569:571 RSM 569:571 RSM 569:571 Flocculation conditions have been optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) on the basis of central composite design (CCD) using flocculant dosage, initial solution pH and temperature as input variables. 25921759 2 55 theme response 539:546 arg1 methodology 556:566 response surface methodology 539:566 response surface methodology (RSM) 539:572 Flocculation conditions have been optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) on the basis of central composite design (CCD) using flocculant dosage, initial solution pH and temperature as input variables. 25921759 5 56 theme various 1321:1327 arg1 factors 1341:1347 various influencing factors 1321:1347 various influencing factors 1321:1347 The effects of those variables on the flocculation performance of CMC-g-PDMC for removal of the two dyes containing opposite charges from aqueous solutions have been studied, and the flocculation mechanisms including the interactive effects between various influencing factors have been discussed in detail also. 25921759 3 57 theme input 907:911 arg1 variables 913:921 the aforementioned input variables 888:921 the aforementioned input variables 888:921 The second-order and cubic regression models, which have been both tested by the analysis of variance (ANOVA), were constructed to link the output response (the dye removal factor) with the aforementioned input variables, respectively. 25921759 1 58 theme grafting 225:232 arg1 flocculant 249:258 an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant 211:258 an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant (carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride, denoted as CMC-g-PDMC) 211:369 In this study, an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant (carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride, denoted as CMC-g-PDMC) was applied to removal of the anionic and cationic dyes, acid Green 25 (AG25) and Basic Bright Yellow (7GL), from water. 25921759 2 59 theme input 685:689 arg1 dosage 638:643 flocculant dosage 627:643 flocculant dosage 627:643 Flocculation conditions have been optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) on the basis of central composite design (CCD) using flocculant dosage, initial solution pH and temperature as input variables. 25921759 2 59 theme input 685:689 arg1 variables 691:699 input variables 685:699 input variables 685:699 Flocculation conditions have been optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) on the basis of central composite design (CCD) using flocculant dosage, initial solution pH and temperature as input variables. 25921759 3 60 theme variance 795:802 arg1 analysis 783:790 the analysis 779:790 the analysis of variance (ANOVA) 779:810 The second-order and cubic regression models, which have been both tested by the analysis of variance (ANOVA), were constructed to link the output response (the dye removal factor) with the aforementioned input variables, respectively. 25921759 1 61 theme chitosan-based 234:247 arg1 flocculant 249:258 an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant 211:258 an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant (carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride, denoted as CMC-g-PDMC) 211:369 In this study, an amphoteric grafting chitosan-based flocculant (carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride, denoted as CMC-g-PDMC) was applied to removal of the anionic and cationic dyes, acid Green 25 (AG25) and Basic Bright Yellow (7GL), from water. 25921759 5 62 theme flocculation 1110:1121 arg1 performance 1123:1133 the flocculation performance 1106:1133 the flocculation performance of CMC-g-PDMC for removal of the two dyes containing opposite charges from aqueous solutions 1106:1226 The effects of those variables on the flocculation performance of CMC-g-PDMC for removal of the two dyes containing opposite charges from aqueous solutions have been studied, and the flocculation mechanisms including the interactive effects between various influencing factors have been discussed in detail also. 25921759 2 63 theme Flocculation 492:503 arg1 conditions 505:514 Flocculation conditions 492:514 Flocculation conditions 492:514 Flocculation conditions have been optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) on the basis of central composite design (CCD) using flocculant dosage, initial solution pH and temperature as input variables. 25643996 7 0 theme plain 809:813 arg1 film 824:827 the plain chitosan film 805:827 the plain chitosan film 805:827 The CMC-loaded chitosan film showed slower release as compared to the plain chitosan film, suggesting that cellulose micro crystals acted as diffusion barrier. 25643996 7 1 theme diffusion 880:888 arg1 barrier 890:896 diffusion barrier 880:896 diffusion barrier 880:896 The CMC-loaded chitosan film showed slower release as compared to the plain chitosan film, suggesting that cellulose micro crystals acted as diffusion barrier. 25643996 2 2 theme solution 320:327 arg1 exposure 285:292 immediate exposure 275:292 immediate exposure of CMC-dispersed chitosan solution to NH3 gas 275:338 The method involves immediate exposure of CMC-dispersed chitosan solution to NH3 gas. 25643996 1 3 theme -loaded 226:232 arg1 films 248:252 cellulose micro crystals (CMC)-loaded chitosan (Ch) films 196:252 cellulose micro crystals (CMC)-loaded chitosan (Ch) films 196:252 A new technique, called vapor induced phase inversion (VIPI), has been employed to fabricate cellulose micro crystals (CMC)-loaded chitosan (Ch) films. 25643996 5 4 theme various 649:655 arg1 models 665:670 various kinetic models 649:670 various kinetic models 649:670 The dynamic water uptake data were interpreted by various kinetic models. 25643996 1 5 theme chitosan 234:241 arg1 films 248:252 cellulose micro crystals (CMC)-loaded chitosan (Ch) films 196:252 cellulose micro crystals (CMC)-loaded chitosan (Ch) films 196:252 A new technique, called vapor induced phase inversion (VIPI), has been employed to fabricate cellulose micro crystals (CMC)-loaded chitosan (Ch) films. 25643996 5 6 theme kinetic 657:663 arg1 models 665:670 various kinetic models 649:670 various kinetic models 649:670 The dynamic water uptake data were interpreted by various kinetic models. 25643996 3 7 theme Electron 430:437 arg1 SEM 451:453 SEM 451:453 SEM 451:453 The films were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis. 25643996 3 7 theme Electron 430:437 arg1 Microscopy 439:448 Scanning Electron Microscopy 421:448 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) 421:454 The films were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis. 25643996 0 8 theme absorption 56:65 arg1 films 43:47 Curcumin/cellulose micro crystals/chitosan films 0:47 Curcumin/cellulose micro crystals/chitosan films: water absorption behavior and in vitro cytotoxicity. 0:101 Curcumin/cellulose micro crystals/chitosan films: water absorption behavior and in vitro cytotoxicity. 25643996 0 8 theme absorption 56:65 arg1 behavior 67:74 water absorption behavior 50:74 water absorption behavior 50:74 Curcumin/cellulose micro crystals/chitosan films: water absorption behavior and in vitro cytotoxicity. 25643996 7 9 theme micro 856:860 arg1 crystals 862:869 cellulose micro crystals 846:869 cellulose micro crystals 846:869 The CMC-loaded chitosan film showed slower release as compared to the plain chitosan film, suggesting that cellulose micro crystals acted as diffusion barrier. 25643996 4 10 theme films 527:531 arg1 SR 520:521 SR 520:521 SR 520:521 The swelling ratio (SR) of films showed negative dependence on the cellulose content in the films. 25643996 4 10 theme films 527:531 arg1 ratio 513:517 The swelling ratio 500:517 The swelling ratio (SR) of films 500:531 The swelling ratio (SR) of films showed negative dependence on the cellulose content in the films. 25643996 6 11 from films 715:719 arg1 release 686:692 the release 682:692 the release of curcumin from the films 682:719 Finally, the release of curcumin from the films was investigated. 25643996 0 12 theme micro 19:23 arg1 films 43:47 Curcumin/cellulose micro crystals/chitosan films 0:47 Curcumin/cellulose micro crystals/chitosan films: water absorption behavior and in vitro cytotoxicity. 0:101 Curcumin/cellulose micro crystals/chitosan films: water absorption behavior and in vitro cytotoxicity. 25643996 0 12 theme micro 19:23 arg1 cytotoxicity 89:100 in vitro cytotoxicity 80:100 in vitro cytotoxicity 80:100 Curcumin/cellulose micro crystals/chitosan films: water absorption behavior and in vitro cytotoxicity. 25643996 0 12 theme micro 19:23 arg1 behavior 67:74 water absorption behavior 50:74 water absorption behavior 50:74 Curcumin/cellulose micro crystals/chitosan films: water absorption behavior and in vitro cytotoxicity. 25643996 3 13 theme Microscopy 473:482 arg1 analysis 490:497 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis 460:497 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis 460:497 The films were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis. 25643996 3 14 dep Fourier 373:379 arg1 Transform 381:389 Transform 381:389 Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis 381:497 The films were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis. 25643996 4 15 from dependence 549:558 arg1 content 577:583 the cellulose content 563:583 the cellulose content in the films 563:596 The swelling ratio (SR) of films showed negative dependence on the cellulose content in the films. 25643996 2 16 theme immediate 275:283 arg1 exposure 285:292 immediate exposure 275:292 immediate exposure of CMC-dispersed chitosan solution to NH3 gas 275:338 The method involves immediate exposure of CMC-dispersed chitosan solution to NH3 gas. 25643996 7 17 theme slower 775:780 arg1 release 782:788 slower release 775:788 slower release 775:788 The CMC-loaded chitosan film showed slower release as compared to the plain chitosan film, suggesting that cellulose micro crystals acted as diffusion barrier. 25643996 3 18 theme Infrared 391:398 arg1 FTIR 414:417 FTIR 414:417 FTIR 414:417 The films were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis. 25643996 3 18 theme Infrared 391:398 arg1 Spectroscopy 400:411 Infrared Spectroscopy 391:411 Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) 391:418 The films were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis. 25643996 0 19 theme Curcumin/cellulose 0:17 arg1 films 43:47 Curcumin/cellulose micro crystals/chitosan films 0:47 Curcumin/cellulose micro crystals/chitosan films: water absorption behavior and in vitro cytotoxicity. 0:101 Curcumin/cellulose micro crystals/chitosan films: water absorption behavior and in vitro cytotoxicity. 25643996 0 19 theme Curcumin/cellulose 0:17 arg1 cytotoxicity 89:100 in vitro cytotoxicity 80:100 in vitro cytotoxicity 80:100 Curcumin/cellulose micro crystals/chitosan films: water absorption behavior and in vitro cytotoxicity. 25643996 0 19 theme Curcumin/cellulose 0:17 arg1 behavior 67:74 water absorption behavior 50:74 water absorption behavior 50:74 Curcumin/cellulose micro crystals/chitosan films: water absorption behavior and in vitro cytotoxicity. 25643996 1 20 theme Ch 244:245 arg1 films 248:252 cellulose micro crystals (CMC)-loaded chitosan (Ch) films 196:252 cellulose micro crystals (CMC)-loaded chitosan (Ch) films 196:252 A new technique, called vapor induced phase inversion (VIPI), has been employed to fabricate cellulose micro crystals (CMC)-loaded chitosan (Ch) films. 25643996 6 21 theme curcumin 697:704 arg1 release 686:692 the release 682:692 the release of curcumin from the films 682:719 Finally, the release of curcumin from the films was investigated. 25643996 4 22 from content 577:583 arg1 films 592:596 the films 588:596 the films 588:596 The swelling ratio (SR) of films showed negative dependence on the cellulose content in the films. 25643996 7 23 theme cellulose 846:854 arg1 crystals 862:869 cellulose micro crystals 846:869 cellulose micro crystals 846:869 The CMC-loaded chitosan film showed slower release as compared to the plain chitosan film, suggesting that cellulose micro crystals acted as diffusion barrier. 25643996 1 24 theme new 105:107 arg1 technique 109:117 A new technique 103:117 A new technique 103:117 A new technique, called vapor induced phase inversion (VIPI), has been employed to fabricate cellulose micro crystals (CMC)-loaded chitosan (Ch) films. 25643996 3 25 theme Scanning 421:428 arg1 SEM 451:453 SEM 451:453 SEM 451:453 The films were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis. 25643996 3 25 theme Scanning 421:428 arg1 Microscopy 439:448 Scanning Electron Microscopy 421:448 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) 421:454 The films were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis. 25643996 0 26 theme crystals/chitosan 25:41 arg1 films 43:47 Curcumin/cellulose micro crystals/chitosan films 0:47 Curcumin/cellulose micro crystals/chitosan films: water absorption behavior and in vitro cytotoxicity. 0:101 Curcumin/cellulose micro crystals/chitosan films: water absorption behavior and in vitro cytotoxicity. 25643996 0 26 theme crystals/chitosan 25:41 arg1 cytotoxicity 89:100 in vitro cytotoxicity 80:100 in vitro cytotoxicity 80:100 Curcumin/cellulose micro crystals/chitosan films: water absorption behavior and in vitro cytotoxicity. 25643996 0 26 theme crystals/chitosan 25:41 arg1 behavior 67:74 water absorption behavior 50:74 water absorption behavior 50:74 Curcumin/cellulose micro crystals/chitosan films: water absorption behavior and in vitro cytotoxicity. 25643996 3 27 theme Atomic 460:465 arg1 AFM 485:487 AFM 485:487 AFM 485:487 The films were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis. 25643996 3 27 theme Atomic 460:465 arg1 Microscopy 473:482 Atomic Force Microscopy 460:482 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis 460:497 The films were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis. 25643996 3 28 theme Force 467:471 arg1 AFM 485:487 AFM 485:487 AFM 485:487 The films were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis. 25643996 3 28 theme Force 467:471 arg1 Microscopy 473:482 Atomic Force Microscopy 460:482 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis 460:497 The films were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis. 25643996 0 29 theme water 50:54 arg1 films 43:47 Curcumin/cellulose micro crystals/chitosan films 0:47 Curcumin/cellulose micro crystals/chitosan films: water absorption behavior and in vitro cytotoxicity. 0:101 Curcumin/cellulose micro crystals/chitosan films: water absorption behavior and in vitro cytotoxicity. 25643996 0 29 theme water 50:54 arg1 behavior 67:74 water absorption behavior 50:74 water absorption behavior 50:74 Curcumin/cellulose micro crystals/chitosan films: water absorption behavior and in vitro cytotoxicity. 25643996 4 30 theme swelling 504:511 arg1 SR 520:521 SR 520:521 SR 520:521 The swelling ratio (SR) of films showed negative dependence on the cellulose content in the films. 25643996 4 30 theme swelling 504:511 arg1 ratio 513:517 The swelling ratio 500:517 The swelling ratio (SR) of films 500:531 The swelling ratio (SR) of films showed negative dependence on the cellulose content in the films. 25643996 7 31 theme CMC-loaded 743:752 arg1 film 763:766 The CMC-loaded chitosan film 739:766 The CMC-loaded chitosan film 739:766 The CMC-loaded chitosan film showed slower release as compared to the plain chitosan film, suggesting that cellulose micro crystals acted as diffusion barrier. 25643996 1 32 theme cellulose 196:204 arg1 films 248:252 cellulose micro crystals (CMC)-loaded chitosan (Ch) films 196:252 cellulose micro crystals (CMC)-loaded chitosan (Ch) films 196:252 A new technique, called vapor induced phase inversion (VIPI), has been employed to fabricate cellulose micro crystals (CMC)-loaded chitosan (Ch) films. 25643996 2 33 theme chitosan 311:318 arg1 solution 320:327 CMC-dispersed chitosan solution 297:327 CMC-dispersed chitosan solution 297:327 The method involves immediate exposure of CMC-dispersed chitosan solution to NH3 gas. 25643996 2 34 theme NH3 332:334 arg1 gas 336:338 NH3 gas 332:338 NH3 gas 332:338 The method involves immediate exposure of CMC-dispersed chitosan solution to NH3 gas. 25643996 5 35 theme dynamic 603:609 arg1 data 624:627 The dynamic water uptake data 599:627 The dynamic water uptake data 599:627 The dynamic water uptake data were interpreted by various kinetic models. 25643996 7 36 theme chitosan 754:761 arg1 film 763:766 The CMC-loaded chitosan film 739:766 The CMC-loaded chitosan film 739:766 The CMC-loaded chitosan film showed slower release as compared to the plain chitosan film, suggesting that cellulose micro crystals acted as diffusion barrier. 25643996 2 37 theme CMC-dispersed 297:309 arg1 solution 320:327 CMC-dispersed chitosan solution 297:327 CMC-dispersed chitosan solution 297:327 The method involves immediate exposure of CMC-dispersed chitosan solution to NH3 gas. 25643996 5 38 theme water 611:615 arg1 data 624:627 The dynamic water uptake data 599:627 The dynamic water uptake data 599:627 The dynamic water uptake data were interpreted by various kinetic models. 25643996 0 39 dep films 43:47 arg1 cytotoxicity 89:100 in vitro cytotoxicity 80:100 in vitro cytotoxicity 80:100 Curcumin/cellulose micro crystals/chitosan films: water absorption behavior and in vitro cytotoxicity. 25643996 0 39 dep films 43:47 arg1 films 43:47 Curcumin/cellulose micro crystals/chitosan films 0:47 Curcumin/cellulose micro crystals/chitosan films: water absorption behavior and in vitro cytotoxicity. 0:101 Curcumin/cellulose micro crystals/chitosan films: water absorption behavior and in vitro cytotoxicity. 25643996 0 39 dep films 43:47 arg1 behavior 67:74 water absorption behavior 50:74 water absorption behavior 50:74 Curcumin/cellulose micro crystals/chitosan films: water absorption behavior and in vitro cytotoxicity. 25643996 1 40 theme vapor 127:131 arg1 VIPI 158:161 vapor induced phase inversion (VIPI) 127:162 vapor induced phase inversion (VIPI) 127:162 A new technique, called vapor induced phase inversion (VIPI), has been employed to fabricate cellulose micro crystals (CMC)-loaded chitosan (Ch) films. 25643996 0 41 dep in 80:81 arg1 vitro 83:87 vitro 83:87 vitro 83:87 Curcumin/cellulose micro crystals/chitosan films: water absorption behavior and in vitro cytotoxicity. 25643996 1 42 theme micro 206:210 arg1 films 248:252 cellulose micro crystals (CMC)-loaded chitosan (Ch) films 196:252 cellulose micro crystals (CMC)-loaded chitosan (Ch) films 196:252 A new technique, called vapor induced phase inversion (VIPI), has been employed to fabricate cellulose micro crystals (CMC)-loaded chitosan (Ch) films. 25643996 5 43 theme uptake 617:622 arg1 data 624:627 The dynamic water uptake data 599:627 The dynamic water uptake data 599:627 The dynamic water uptake data were interpreted by various kinetic models. 25643996 1 44 theme induced 133:139 arg1 VIPI 158:161 vapor induced phase inversion (VIPI) 127:162 vapor induced phase inversion (VIPI) 127:162 A new technique, called vapor induced phase inversion (VIPI), has been employed to fabricate cellulose micro crystals (CMC)-loaded chitosan (Ch) films. 25643996 7 45 theme chitosan 815:822 arg1 film 824:827 the plain chitosan film 805:827 the plain chitosan film 805:827 The CMC-loaded chitosan film showed slower release as compared to the plain chitosan film, suggesting that cellulose micro crystals acted as diffusion barrier. 25643996 1 46 theme crystals 212:219 arg1 films 248:252 cellulose micro crystals (CMC)-loaded chitosan (Ch) films 196:252 cellulose micro crystals (CMC)-loaded chitosan (Ch) films 196:252 A new technique, called vapor induced phase inversion (VIPI), has been employed to fabricate cellulose micro crystals (CMC)-loaded chitosan (Ch) films. 25643996 0 47 theme in 80:81 arg1 cytotoxicity 89:100 in vitro cytotoxicity 80:100 in vitro cytotoxicity 80:100 Curcumin/cellulose micro crystals/chitosan films: water absorption behavior and in vitro cytotoxicity. 25643996 0 47 theme in 80:81 arg1 films 43:47 Curcumin/cellulose micro crystals/chitosan films 0:47 Curcumin/cellulose micro crystals/chitosan films: water absorption behavior and in vitro cytotoxicity. 0:101 Curcumin/cellulose micro crystals/chitosan films: water absorption behavior and in vitro cytotoxicity. 25643996 4 48 theme cellulose 567:575 arg1 content 577:583 the cellulose content 563:583 the cellulose content in the films 563:596 The swelling ratio (SR) of films showed negative dependence on the cellulose content in the films. 25643996 1 49 theme phase 141:145 arg1 VIPI 158:161 vapor induced phase inversion (VIPI) 127:162 vapor induced phase inversion (VIPI) 127:162 A new technique, called vapor induced phase inversion (VIPI), has been employed to fabricate cellulose micro crystals (CMC)-loaded chitosan (Ch) films. 25643996 4 50 theme negative 540:547 arg1 dependence 549:558 negative dependence 540:558 negative dependence on the cellulose content in the films 540:596 The swelling ratio (SR) of films showed negative dependence on the cellulose content in the films. 25643996 1 51 theme inversion 147:155 arg1 VIPI 158:161 vapor induced phase inversion (VIPI) 127:162 vapor induced phase inversion (VIPI) 127:162 A new technique, called vapor induced phase inversion (VIPI), has been employed to fabricate cellulose micro crystals (CMC)-loaded chitosan (Ch) films. 25643996 1 52 theme CMC 222:224 arg1 films 248:252 cellulose micro crystals (CMC)-loaded chitosan (Ch) films 196:252 cellulose micro crystals (CMC)-loaded chitosan (Ch) films 196:252 A new technique, called vapor induced phase inversion (VIPI), has been employed to fabricate cellulose micro crystals (CMC)-loaded chitosan (Ch) films. 28208597 0 0 theme basta 90:94 arg1 Constituents 42:53 the Halogenated Skeleton Constituents 17:53 the Halogenated Skeleton Constituents of the Marine Demosponge Ianthella basta 17:94 Determination of the Halogenated Skeleton Constituents of the Marine Demosponge Ianthella basta. 28208597 6 1 theme amino 921:925 arg1 acids 927:931 amino acids 921:931 amino acids 921:931 Seventeen proteinogenic and five non-proteinogenic amino acids were detected in I. basta. 28208597 7 2 theme sponging 1120:1127 arg1 fibers 1129:1134 their sponging fibers 1114:1134 their sponging fibers 1114:1134 Abundantly occurring amino acids like glycine and hydroxyproline show the similarity of I. basta and A. cavernicola and confirm the collagenous nature of their sponging fibers. 28208597 10 3 theme order 1497:1501 arg1 Verongida 1503:1511 the order Verongida 1493:1511 the order Verongida 1493:1511 The observed differences of the amino acid composition confirm that spongin exhibits a certain degree of variability even among the members of the order Verongida. 28208597 4 4 theme cavernicola 583:593 arg1 skeletons 567:575 the skeletons 563:575 the skeletons of A. cavernicola including the presence of several halogenated amino acids 563:651 Further investigations revealed the amino acid composition of the skeletons of A. cavernicola including the presence of several halogenated amino acids. 28208597 4 4 theme cavernicola 583:593 arg1 presence 609:616 the presence 605:616 the presence of several halogenated amino acids 605:651 Further investigations revealed the amino acid composition of the skeletons of A. cavernicola including the presence of several halogenated amino acids. 28208597 0 5 theme Ianthella 80:88 arg1 basta 90:94 the Marine Demosponge Ianthella basta 58:94 the Marine Demosponge Ianthella basta 58:94 Determination of the Halogenated Skeleton Constituents of the Marine Demosponge Ianthella basta. 28208597 9 6 theme acids 1288:1292 arg1 acids 1288:1292 halogenated amino acids 1270:1292 halogenated amino acids 1270:1292 Since both sponges contain a broad variety of halogenated amino acids, this seems to be characteristic for Verongida sponges. 28208597 9 6 theme acids 1288:1292 arg1 variety 1259:1265 a broad variety 1251:1265 a broad variety of halogenated amino acids 1251:1292 Since both sponges contain a broad variety of halogenated amino acids, this seems to be characteristic for Verongida sponges. 28208597 5 7 theme present 661:667 arg1 work 669:672 the present work 657:672 the present work 657:672 In the present work, we investigated the skeletal amino acid composition of the demosponge I. basta, which belongs to the Ianthellidae family, and compared it with that of A. cavernicola from the Aplysinidae family. 28208597 10 8 theme acid 1388:1391 arg1 composition 1393:1403 the amino acid composition 1378:1403 the amino acid composition 1378:1403 The observed differences of the amino acid composition confirm that spongin exhibits a certain degree of variability even among the members of the order Verongida. 28208597 8 9 theme halogenated 1159:1169 arg1 part 1196:1199 an integral part 1184:1199 an integral part of I. basta skeletons 1184:1221 We also detected nine halogenated tyrosines as an integral part of I. basta skeletons. 28208597 8 9 theme halogenated 1159:1169 arg1 tyrosines 1171:1179 nine halogenated tyrosines 1154:1179 nine halogenated tyrosines 1154:1179 We also detected nine halogenated tyrosines as an integral part of I. basta skeletons. 28208597 7 10 theme occurring 971:979 arg1 acids 987:991 Abundantly occurring amino acids 960:991 Abundantly occurring amino acids like glycine and hydroxyproline 960:1023 Abundantly occurring amino acids like glycine and hydroxyproline show the similarity of I. basta and A. cavernicola and confirm the collagenous nature of their sponging fibers. 28208597 2 11 theme bioactive 283:291 arg1 derivatives 313:323 bioactive brominated tyrosine derivatives 283:323 bioactive brominated tyrosine derivatives 283:323 Moreover, Verongida sponges are well known to produce bioactive brominated tyrosine derivatives. 28208597 5 12 theme demosponge 734:743 arg1 basta 748:752 the demosponge I. basta 730:752 the demosponge I. basta 730:752 In the present work, we investigated the skeletal amino acid composition of the demosponge I. basta, which belongs to the Ianthellidae family, and compared it with that of A. cavernicola from the Aplysinidae family. 28208597 3 13 theme brominated 356:365 arg1 compounds 367:375 brominated compounds 356:375 brominated compounds 356:375 We recently demonstrated that brominated compounds do not only occur in the cellular matrix but also in the skeletons of the marine sponges Aplysina cavernicola and I. basta. 28208597 7 14 theme collagenous 1092:1102 arg1 nature 1104:1109 the collagenous nature 1088:1109 the collagenous nature of their sponging fibers 1088:1134 Abundantly occurring amino acids like glycine and hydroxyproline show the similarity of I. basta and A. cavernicola and confirm the collagenous nature of their sponging fibers. 28208597 10 15 theme certain 1437:1443 arg1 degree 1445:1450 a certain degree 1435:1450 a certain degree of variability 1435:1465 The observed differences of the amino acid composition confirm that spongin exhibits a certain degree of variability even among the members of the order Verongida. 28208597 5 16 theme basta 748:752 arg1 composition 715:725 the skeletal amino acid composition 691:725 the skeletal amino acid composition of the demosponge I. basta, which belongs to the Ianthellidae family 691:794 In the present work, we investigated the skeletal amino acid composition of the demosponge I. basta, which belongs to the Ianthellidae family, and compared it with that of A. cavernicola from the Aplysinidae family. 28208597 8 17 theme basta 1207:1211 arg1 skeletons 1213:1221 I. basta skeletons 1204:1221 I. basta skeletons 1204:1221 We also detected nine halogenated tyrosines as an integral part of I. basta skeletons. 28208597 4 18 theme acids 647:651 arg1 presence 609:616 the presence 605:616 the presence of several halogenated amino acids 605:651 Further investigations revealed the amino acid composition of the skeletons of A. cavernicola including the presence of several halogenated amino acids. 28208597 5 19 theme I. 745:746 arg1 basta 748:752 the demosponge I. basta 730:752 the demosponge I. basta 730:752 In the present work, we investigated the skeletal amino acid composition of the demosponge I. basta, which belongs to the Ianthellidae family, and compared it with that of A. cavernicola from the Aplysinidae family. 28208597 8 20 theme integral 1187:1194 arg1 part 1196:1199 an integral part 1184:1199 an integral part of I. basta skeletons 1184:1221 We also detected nine halogenated tyrosines as an integral part of I. basta skeletons. 28208597 8 20 theme integral 1187:1194 arg1 tyrosines 1171:1179 nine halogenated tyrosines 1154:1179 nine halogenated tyrosines 1154:1179 We also detected nine halogenated tyrosines as an integral part of I. basta skeletons. 28208597 6 21 dep proteinogenic 880:892 arg1 acids 927:931 amino acids 921:931 amino acids 921:931 Seventeen proteinogenic and five non-proteinogenic amino acids were detected in I. basta. 28208597 7 22 theme basta 1051:1055 arg1 similarity 1034:1043 the similarity 1030:1043 the similarity of I. basta and A. cavernicola 1030:1074 Abundantly occurring amino acids like glycine and hydroxyproline show the similarity of I. basta and A. cavernicola and confirm the collagenous nature of their sponging fibers. 28208597 5 23 theme Aplysinidae 850:860 arg1 family 862:867 the Aplysinidae family 846:867 the Aplysinidae family 846:867 In the present work, we investigated the skeletal amino acid composition of the demosponge I. basta, which belongs to the Ianthellidae family, and compared it with that of A. cavernicola from the Aplysinidae family. 28208597 9 24 theme halogenated 1270:1280 arg1 acids 1288:1292 halogenated amino acids 1270:1292 halogenated amino acids 1270:1292 Since both sponges contain a broad variety of halogenated amino acids, this seems to be characteristic for Verongida sponges. 28208597 7 25 theme fibers 1129:1134 arg1 nature 1104:1109 the collagenous nature 1088:1109 the collagenous nature of their sponging fibers 1088:1134 Abundantly occurring amino acids like glycine and hydroxyproline show the similarity of I. basta and A. cavernicola and confirm the collagenous nature of their sponging fibers. 28208597 0 26 theme Halogenated 21:31 arg1 Constituents 42:53 the Halogenated Skeleton Constituents 17:53 the Halogenated Skeleton Constituents of the Marine Demosponge Ianthella basta 17:94 Determination of the Halogenated Skeleton Constituents of the Marine Demosponge Ianthella basta. 28208597 5 27 theme amino 704:708 arg1 composition 715:725 the skeletal amino acid composition 691:725 the skeletal amino acid composition of the demosponge I. basta, which belongs to the Ianthellidae family 691:794 In the present work, we investigated the skeletal amino acid composition of the demosponge I. basta, which belongs to the Ianthellidae family, and compared it with that of A. cavernicola from the Aplysinidae family. 28208597 10 28 theme composition 1393:1403 arg1 differences 1363:1373 The observed differences 1350:1373 The observed differences of the amino acid composition 1350:1403 The observed differences of the amino acid composition confirm that spongin exhibits a certain degree of variability even among the members of the order Verongida. 28208597 2 29 theme tyrosine 304:311 arg1 derivatives 313:323 bioactive brominated tyrosine derivatives 283:323 bioactive brominated tyrosine derivatives 283:323 Moreover, Verongida sponges are well known to produce bioactive brominated tyrosine derivatives. 28208597 10 30 theme variability 1455:1465 arg1 degree 1445:1450 a certain degree 1435:1450 a certain degree of variability 1435:1465 The observed differences of the amino acid composition confirm that spongin exhibits a certain degree of variability even among the members of the order Verongida. 28208597 3 31 theme sponges 458:464 arg1 skeletons 434:442 the skeletons 430:442 the skeletons of the marine sponges 430:464 We recently demonstrated that brominated compounds do not only occur in the cellular matrix but also in the skeletons of the marine sponges Aplysina cavernicola and I. basta. 28208597 10 32 theme observed 1354:1361 arg1 differences 1363:1373 The observed differences 1350:1373 The observed differences of the amino acid composition 1350:1403 The observed differences of the amino acid composition confirm that spongin exhibits a certain degree of variability even among the members of the order Verongida. 28208597 9 33 theme Verongida 1331:1339 arg1 sponges 1341:1347 Verongida sponges 1331:1347 Verongida sponges 1331:1347 Since both sponges contain a broad variety of halogenated amino acids, this seems to be characteristic for Verongida sponges. 28208597 5 34 theme acid 710:713 arg1 composition 715:725 the skeletal amino acid composition 691:725 the skeletal amino acid composition of the demosponge I. basta, which belongs to the Ianthellidae family 691:794 In the present work, we investigated the skeletal amino acid composition of the demosponge I. basta, which belongs to the Ianthellidae family, and compared it with that of A. cavernicola from the Aplysinidae family. 28208597 2 35 theme brominated 293:302 arg1 derivatives 313:323 bioactive brominated tyrosine derivatives 283:323 bioactive brominated tyrosine derivatives 283:323 Moreover, Verongida sponges are well known to produce bioactive brominated tyrosine derivatives. 28208597 4 36 theme amino 641:645 arg1 acids 647:651 several halogenated amino acids 621:651 several halogenated amino acids 621:651 Further investigations revealed the amino acid composition of the skeletons of A. cavernicola including the presence of several halogenated amino acids. 28208597 0 37 theme Constituents 42:53 arg1 Determination 0:12 Determination 0:12 Determination of the Halogenated Skeleton Constituents of the Marine Demosponge Ianthella basta 0:94 Determination of the Halogenated Skeleton Constituents of the Marine Demosponge Ianthella basta. 28208597 4 38 theme skeletons 567:575 arg1 composition 548:558 the amino acid composition 533:558 the amino acid composition of the skeletons of A. cavernicola including the presence of several halogenated amino acids 533:651 Further investigations revealed the amino acid composition of the skeletons of A. cavernicola including the presence of several halogenated amino acids. 28208597 0 39 theme Skeleton 33:40 arg1 Constituents 42:53 the Halogenated Skeleton Constituents 17:53 the Halogenated Skeleton Constituents of the Marine Demosponge Ianthella basta 17:94 Determination of the Halogenated Skeleton Constituents of the Marine Demosponge Ianthella basta. 28208597 4 40 theme amino 537:541 arg1 composition 548:558 the amino acid composition 533:558 the amino acid composition of the skeletons of A. cavernicola including the presence of several halogenated amino acids 533:651 Further investigations revealed the amino acid composition of the skeletons of A. cavernicola including the presence of several halogenated amino acids. 28208597 5 41 theme Ianthellidae 776:787 arg1 family 789:794 the Ianthellidae family 772:794 the Ianthellidae family 772:794 In the present work, we investigated the skeletal amino acid composition of the demosponge I. basta, which belongs to the Ianthellidae family, and compared it with that of A. cavernicola from the Aplysinidae family. 28208597 3 42 theme marine 451:456 arg1 sponges 458:464 the marine sponges 447:464 the marine sponges 447:464 We recently demonstrated that brominated compounds do not only occur in the cellular matrix but also in the skeletons of the marine sponges Aplysina cavernicola and I. basta. 28208597 3 43 theme cellular 402:409 arg1 matrix 411:416 the cellular matrix 398:416 the cellular matrix 398:416 We recently demonstrated that brominated compounds do not only occur in the cellular matrix but also in the skeletons of the marine sponges Aplysina cavernicola and I. basta. 28208597 6 44 theme I. 950:951 arg1 basta 953:957 I. basta 950:957 I. basta 950:957 Seventeen proteinogenic and five non-proteinogenic amino acids were detected in I. basta. 28208597 8 45 theme I. 1204:1205 arg1 skeletons 1213:1221 I. basta skeletons 1204:1221 I. basta skeletons 1204:1221 We also detected nine halogenated tyrosines as an integral part of I. basta skeletons. 28208597 1 46 contain containing 174:183 arg2 chitin 221:226 chitin 221:226 chitin 221:226 Demosponges of the order Verongida such as Ianthella basta exhibit skeletons containing spongin, a collagenous protein, and chitin. 28208597 1 46 contain containing 174:183 arg2 protein 208:214 a collagenous protein 194:214 a collagenous protein 194:214 Demosponges of the order Verongida such as Ianthella basta exhibit skeletons containing spongin, a collagenous protein, and chitin. 28208597 1 46 contain containing 174:183 arg2 spongin 185:191 spongin 185:191 spongin 185:191 Demosponges of the order Verongida such as Ianthella basta exhibit skeletons containing spongin, a collagenous protein, and chitin. 28208597 1 46 contain containing 174:183 arg1 skeletons 164:172 skeletons 164:172 skeletons containing spongin, a collagenous protein, and chitin 164:226 Demosponges of the order Verongida such as Ianthella basta exhibit skeletons containing spongin, a collagenous protein, and chitin. 28208597 1 47 theme order 116:120 arg1 Verongida 122:130 the order Verongida 112:130 the order Verongida 112:130 Demosponges of the order Verongida such as Ianthella basta exhibit skeletons containing spongin, a collagenous protein, and chitin. 28208597 8 48 theme skeletons 1213:1221 arg1 part 1196:1199 an integral part 1184:1199 an integral part of I. basta skeletons 1184:1221 We also detected nine halogenated tyrosines as an integral part of I. basta skeletons. 28208597 8 48 theme skeletons 1213:1221 arg1 tyrosines 1171:1179 nine halogenated tyrosines 1154:1179 nine halogenated tyrosines 1154:1179 We also detected nine halogenated tyrosines as an integral part of I. basta skeletons. 28208597 7 49 theme cavernicola 1064:1074 arg1 similarity 1034:1043 the similarity 1030:1043 the similarity of I. basta and A. cavernicola 1030:1074 Abundantly occurring amino acids like glycine and hydroxyproline show the similarity of I. basta and A. cavernicola and confirm the collagenous nature of their sponging fibers. 28208597 6 50 located detected 938:945 arg2 non-proteinogenic 903:919 non-proteinogenic 903:919 non-proteinogenic 903:919 Seventeen proteinogenic and five non-proteinogenic amino acids were detected in I. basta. 28208597 6 50 located detected 938:945 arg1 basta 953:957 I. basta 950:957 I. basta 950:957 Seventeen proteinogenic and five non-proteinogenic amino acids were detected in I. basta. 28208597 6 50 located detected 938:945 arg2 proteinogenic 880:892 proteinogenic 880:892 proteinogenic 880:892 Seventeen proteinogenic and five non-proteinogenic amino acids were detected in I. basta. 28208597 9 51 theme amino 1282:1286 arg1 acids 1288:1292 halogenated amino acids 1270:1292 halogenated amino acids 1270:1292 Since both sponges contain a broad variety of halogenated amino acids, this seems to be characteristic for Verongida sponges. 28208597 1 52 theme Verongida 122:130 arg1 Demosponges 97:107 Demosponges 97:107 Demosponges of the order Verongida such as Ianthella basta 97:154 Demosponges of the order Verongida such as Ianthella basta exhibit skeletons containing spongin, a collagenous protein, and chitin. 28208597 1 52 theme Verongida 122:130 arg1 basta 150:154 Ianthella basta 140:154 Ianthella basta 140:154 Demosponges of the order Verongida such as Ianthella basta exhibit skeletons containing spongin, a collagenous protein, and chitin. 28208597 9 53 contain contain 1243:1249 arg1 sponges 1235:1241 both sponges 1230:1241 both sponges 1230:1241 Since both sponges contain a broad variety of halogenated amino acids, this seems to be characteristic for Verongida sponges. 28208597 9 53 contain contain 1243:1249 arg2 variety 1259:1265 a broad variety 1251:1265 a broad variety of halogenated amino acids 1251:1292 Since both sponges contain a broad variety of halogenated amino acids, this seems to be characteristic for Verongida sponges. 28208597 9 53 contain contain 1243:1249 arg2 acids 1288:1292 halogenated amino acids 1270:1292 halogenated amino acids 1270:1292 Since both sponges contain a broad variety of halogenated amino acids, this seems to be characteristic for Verongida sponges. 28208597 4 54 theme acid 543:546 arg1 composition 548:558 the amino acid composition 533:558 the amino acid composition of the skeletons of A. cavernicola including the presence of several halogenated amino acids 533:651 Further investigations revealed the amino acid composition of the skeletons of A. cavernicola including the presence of several halogenated amino acids. 28208597 10 55 theme Verongida 1503:1511 arg1 members 1482:1488 the members 1478:1488 the members of the order Verongida 1478:1511 The observed differences of the amino acid composition confirm that spongin exhibits a certain degree of variability even among the members of the order Verongida. 28208597 9 56 theme broad 1253:1257 arg1 acids 1288:1292 halogenated amino acids 1270:1292 halogenated amino acids 1270:1292 Since both sponges contain a broad variety of halogenated amino acids, this seems to be characteristic for Verongida sponges. 28208597 9 56 theme broad 1253:1257 arg1 variety 1259:1265 a broad variety 1251:1265 a broad variety of halogenated amino acids 1251:1292 Since both sponges contain a broad variety of halogenated amino acids, this seems to be characteristic for Verongida sponges. 28208597 10 57 theme amino 1382:1386 arg1 composition 1393:1403 the amino acid composition 1378:1403 the amino acid composition 1378:1403 The observed differences of the amino acid composition confirm that spongin exhibits a certain degree of variability even among the members of the order Verongida. 28208597 5 58 theme skeletal 695:702 arg1 composition 715:725 the skeletal amino acid composition 691:725 the skeletal amino acid composition of the demosponge I. basta, which belongs to the Ianthellidae family 691:794 In the present work, we investigated the skeletal amino acid composition of the demosponge I. basta, which belongs to the Ianthellidae family, and compared it with that of A. cavernicola from the Aplysinidae family. 28208597 0 59 theme Demosponge 69:78 arg1 basta 90:94 the Marine Demosponge Ianthella basta 58:94 the Marine Demosponge Ianthella basta 58:94 Determination of the Halogenated Skeleton Constituents of the Marine Demosponge Ianthella basta. 28208597 1 60 theme collagenous 196:206 arg1 protein 208:214 a collagenous protein 194:214 a collagenous protein 194:214 Demosponges of the order Verongida such as Ianthella basta exhibit skeletons containing spongin, a collagenous protein, and chitin. 28208597 1 61 theme Ianthella 140:148 arg1 basta 150:154 Ianthella basta 140:154 Ianthella basta 140:154 Demosponges of the order Verongida such as Ianthella basta exhibit skeletons containing spongin, a collagenous protein, and chitin. 28208597 4 62 theme halogenated 629:639 arg1 acids 647:651 several halogenated amino acids 621:651 several halogenated amino acids 621:651 Further investigations revealed the amino acid composition of the skeletons of A. cavernicola including the presence of several halogenated amino acids. 28208597 0 63 theme Marine 62:67 arg1 basta 90:94 the Marine Demosponge Ianthella basta 58:94 the Marine Demosponge Ianthella basta 58:94 Determination of the Halogenated Skeleton Constituents of the Marine Demosponge Ianthella basta. 28208597 4 64 theme Further 501:507 arg1 investigations 509:522 Further investigations 501:522 Further investigations 501:522 Further investigations revealed the amino acid composition of the skeletons of A. cavernicola including the presence of several halogenated amino acids. 28208597 2 65 theme Verongida 239:247 arg1 sponges 249:255 Verongida sponges 239:255 Verongida sponges 239:255 Moreover, Verongida sponges are well known to produce bioactive brominated tyrosine derivatives. 28208597 7 66 theme amino 981:985 arg1 acids 987:991 Abundantly occurring amino acids 960:991 Abundantly occurring amino acids like glycine and hydroxyproline 960:1023 Abundantly occurring amino acids like glycine and hydroxyproline show the similarity of I. basta and A. cavernicola and confirm the collagenous nature of their sponging fibers. 28208597 4 67 theme several 621:627 arg1 acids 647:651 several halogenated amino acids 621:651 several halogenated amino acids 621:651 Further investigations revealed the amino acid composition of the skeletons of A. cavernicola including the presence of several halogenated amino acids. 27958716 1 0 theme mechanical 178:187 arg1 strength 189:196 mechanical strength 178:196 mechanical strength 178:196 The inherent properties of hydrophilicity and mechanical strength of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) make them a possible alternative to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that may present fewer objections to application water-treatment membranes. 27958716 1 1 theme carbon 267:272 arg1 nanotubes 274:282 carbon nanotubes 267:282 carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that may present fewer objections to application water-treatment membranes 267:364 The inherent properties of hydrophilicity and mechanical strength of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) make them a possible alternative to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that may present fewer objections to application water-treatment membranes. 27958716 1 1 theme carbon 267:272 arg1 CNTs 285:288 CNTs 285:288 CNTs 285:288 The inherent properties of hydrophilicity and mechanical strength of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) make them a possible alternative to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that may present fewer objections to application water-treatment membranes. 27958716 0 2 theme Cellulose 87:95 arg1 Nanocrystals 97:108 Cellulose Nanocrystals 87:108 Cellulose Nanocrystals 87:108 Comparison of Hydrophilicity and Mechanical Properties of Nanocomposite Membranes with Cellulose Nanocrystals and Carbon Nanotubes. 27958716 7 3 theme hydrophobic 1066:1076 arg1 membrane 1086:1093 an otherwise hydrophobic polymer membrane 1053:1093 an otherwise hydrophobic polymer membrane 1053:1093 Membrane hydrophilicity, measured by water-contact angle, free energy of cohesion, and water flux, was increased through the addition of either CNCs or functionalized CNTs to an otherwise hydrophobic polymer membrane. 27958716 10 4 theme equal 1318:1322 arg1 increase 1324:1331 an equal increase 1315:1331 an equal increase in Young's modulus 1315:1350 While smaller concentrations of CNTs were required to achieve an equal increase in Young's modulus compared with the CNCs, the elasticity of the CNC-composite membranes was greater. 27958716 1 5 theme strength 189:196 arg1 properties 145:154 The inherent properties 132:154 The inherent properties of hydrophilicity and mechanical strength of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 132:229 The inherent properties of hydrophilicity and mechanical strength of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) make them a possible alternative to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that may present fewer objections to application water-treatment membranes. 27958716 10 6 theme CNTs 1285:1288 arg1 concentrations 1267:1280 smaller concentrations 1259:1280 smaller concentrations of CNTs 1259:1288 While smaller concentrations of CNTs were required to achieve an equal increase in Young's modulus compared with the CNCs, the elasticity of the CNC-composite membranes was greater. 27958716 0 7 theme Carbon 114:119 arg1 Nanotubes 121:129 Carbon Nanotubes 114:129 Carbon Nanotubes 114:129 Comparison of Hydrophilicity and Mechanical Properties of Nanocomposite Membranes with Cellulose Nanocrystals and Carbon Nanotubes. 27958716 5 8 dep membranes 787:795 arg1 CNT-M 808:812 CNT-M 808:812 CNT-M 808:812 Results showed that PES polymers were loosely packed in the top layer of both the CNC- and CNT-composite membranes (CNC-M and CNT-M). 27958716 5 8 dep membranes 787:795 arg1 CNC-M 798:802 CNC-M 798:802 CNC-M 798:802 Results showed that PES polymers were loosely packed in the top layer of both the CNC- and CNT-composite membranes (CNC-M and CNT-M). 27958716 5 8 dep membranes 787:795 arg1 membranes 787:795 both the CNC- and CNT-composite membranes 755:795 membranes 787:795 Results showed that PES polymers were loosely packed in the top layer of both the CNC- and CNT-composite membranes (CNC-M and CNT-M). 27958716 5 8 dep membranes 787:795 arg1 both 755:758 both 755:758 both 755:758 Results showed that PES polymers were loosely packed in the top layer of both the CNC- and CNT-composite membranes (CNC-M and CNT-M). 27958716 10 9 theme CNC-composite 1398:1410 arg1 membranes 1412:1420 the CNC-composite membranes 1394:1420 the CNC-composite membranes 1394:1420 While smaller concentrations of CNTs were required to achieve an equal increase in Young's modulus compared with the CNCs, the elasticity of the CNC-composite membranes was greater. 27958716 8 10 theme CNC-M 1122:1126 arg1 greater 1132:1138 greater 1132:1138 greater 1132:1138 The hydrophilicity of the CNC-M was greater than the CNT-M. 27958716 8 10 theme CNC-M 1122:1126 arg1 hydrophilicity 1100:1113 The hydrophilicity 1096:1113 The hydrophilicity of the CNC-M 1096:1126 The hydrophilicity of the CNC-M was greater than the CNT-M. 27958716 7 11 theme functionalized 1030:1043 arg1 CNTs 1045:1048 functionalized CNTs 1030:1048 functionalized CNTs 1030:1048 Membrane hydrophilicity, measured by water-contact angle, free energy of cohesion, and water flux, was increased through the addition of either CNCs or functionalized CNTs to an otherwise hydrophobic polymer membrane. 27958716 5 12 theme membranes 787:795 arg1 layer 746:750 the top layer 738:750 the top layer of both the CNC- and CNT-composite membranes (CNC-M and CNT-M) 738:813 Results showed that PES polymers were loosely packed in the top layer of both the CNC- and CNT-composite membranes (CNC-M and CNT-M). 27958716 3 13 theme pore 535:538 arg1 geometry 540:547 Membrane pore geometry 526:547 Membrane pore geometry 526:547 Membrane pore geometry was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27958716 4 14 theme wet-dry 666:672 arg1 method 674:679 a wet-dry method 664:679 a wet-dry method 664:679 Overall porosity and mean pore radius were calculated based on a wet-dry method. 27958716 7 15 theme polymer 1078:1084 arg1 membrane 1086:1093 an otherwise hydrophobic polymer membrane 1053:1093 an otherwise hydrophobic polymer membrane 1053:1093 Membrane hydrophilicity, measured by water-contact angle, free energy of cohesion, and water flux, was increased through the addition of either CNCs or functionalized CNTs to an otherwise hydrophobic polymer membrane. 27958716 7 16 theme CNTs 1045:1048 arg1 addition 1003:1010 the addition 999:1010 the addition of either CNCs or functionalized CNTs to an otherwise hydrophobic polymer membrane 999:1093 Membrane hydrophilicity, measured by water-contact angle, free energy of cohesion, and water flux, was increased through the addition of either CNCs or functionalized CNTs to an otherwise hydrophobic polymer membrane. 27958716 4 17 theme Overall 601:607 arg1 porosity 609:616 Overall porosity 601:616 Overall porosity 601:616 Overall porosity and mean pore radius were calculated based on a wet-dry method. 27958716 1 18 theme cellulose 201:209 arg1 nanocrystals 211:222 cellulose nanocrystals 201:222 cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 201:229 The inherent properties of hydrophilicity and mechanical strength of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) make them a possible alternative to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that may present fewer objections to application water-treatment membranes. 27958716 1 18 theme cellulose 201:209 arg1 CNCs 225:228 CNCs 225:228 CNCs 225:228 The inherent properties of hydrophilicity and mechanical strength of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) make them a possible alternative to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that may present fewer objections to application water-treatment membranes. 27958716 2 19 theme ether 462:466 arg1 poly 457:460 nanocomposite poly 443:460 nanocomposite poly(ether sulfone) (PES) membranes 443:491 In this work, the hydrophilicity and mechanical properties of CNCs and CNTs nanocomposite poly(ether sulfone) (PES) membranes were characterized and compared. 27958716 2 19 theme ether 462:466 arg1 sulfone 468:474 ether sulfone 462:474 ether sulfone 462:474 In this work, the hydrophilicity and mechanical properties of CNCs and CNTs nanocomposite poly(ether sulfone) (PES) membranes were characterized and compared. 27958716 7 20 theme CNCs 1022:1025 arg1 addition 1003:1010 the addition 999:1010 the addition of either CNCs or functionalized CNTs to an otherwise hydrophobic polymer membrane 999:1093 Membrane hydrophilicity, measured by water-contact angle, free energy of cohesion, and water flux, was increased through the addition of either CNCs or functionalized CNTs to an otherwise hydrophobic polymer membrane. 27958716 10 21 theme Young 1336:1340 arg1 modulus 1344:1350 Young's modulus 1336:1350 Young's modulus 1336:1350 While smaller concentrations of CNTs were required to achieve an equal increase in Young's modulus compared with the CNCs, the elasticity of the CNC-composite membranes was greater. 27958716 3 22 theme electron 574:581 arg1 SEM 595:597 SEM 595:597 SEM 595:597 Membrane pore geometry was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27958716 3 22 theme electron 574:581 arg1 microscopy 583:592 scanning electron microscopy 565:592 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 565:598 Membrane pore geometry was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27958716 1 23 theme nanocrystals 211:222 arg1 hydrophilicity 159:172 hydrophilicity 159:172 hydrophilicity 159:172 The inherent properties of hydrophilicity and mechanical strength of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) make them a possible alternative to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that may present fewer objections to application water-treatment membranes. 27958716 1 23 theme nanocrystals 211:222 arg1 strength 189:196 mechanical strength 178:196 mechanical strength 178:196 The inherent properties of hydrophilicity and mechanical strength of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) make them a possible alternative to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that may present fewer objections to application water-treatment membranes. 27958716 7 24 theme Membrane 878:885 arg1 hydrophilicity 887:900 Membrane hydrophilicity 878:900 Membrane hydrophilicity 878:900 Membrane hydrophilicity, measured by water-contact angle, free energy of cohesion, and water flux, was increased through the addition of either CNCs or functionalized CNTs to an otherwise hydrophobic polymer membrane. 27958716 2 25 theme poly 457:460 arg1 membranes 483:491 nanocomposite poly(ether sulfone) (PES) membranes 443:491 nanocomposite poly(ether sulfone) (PES) membranes 443:491 In this work, the hydrophilicity and mechanical properties of CNCs and CNTs nanocomposite poly(ether sulfone) (PES) membranes were characterized and compared. 27958716 10 26 theme membranes 1412:1420 arg1 greater 1426:1432 greater 1426:1432 greater 1426:1432 While smaller concentrations of CNTs were required to achieve an equal increase in Young's modulus compared with the CNCs, the elasticity of the CNC-composite membranes was greater. 27958716 10 26 theme membranes 1412:1420 arg1 elasticity 1380:1389 the elasticity 1376:1389 the elasticity of the CNC-composite membranes 1376:1420 While smaller concentrations of CNTs were required to achieve an equal increase in Young's modulus compared with the CNCs, the elasticity of the CNC-composite membranes was greater. 27958716 7 27 theme water-contact 915:927 arg1 angle 929:933 water-contact angle 915:933 water-contact angle 915:933 Membrane hydrophilicity, measured by water-contact angle, free energy of cohesion, and water flux, was increased through the addition of either CNCs or functionalized CNTs to an otherwise hydrophobic polymer membrane. 27958716 2 28 theme CNTs 438:441 arg1 hydrophilicity 385:398 hydrophilicity 385:398 hydrophilicity 385:398 In this work, the hydrophilicity and mechanical properties of CNCs and CNTs nanocomposite poly(ether sulfone) (PES) membranes were characterized and compared. 27958716 2 28 theme CNTs 438:441 arg1 properties 415:424 mechanical properties 404:424 mechanical properties 404:424 In this work, the hydrophilicity and mechanical properties of CNCs and CNTs nanocomposite poly(ether sulfone) (PES) membranes were characterized and compared. 27958716 2 29 theme nanocomposite 443:455 arg1 poly 457:460 nanocomposite poly 443:460 nanocomposite poly(ether sulfone) (PES) membranes 443:491 In this work, the hydrophilicity and mechanical properties of CNCs and CNTs nanocomposite poly(ether sulfone) (PES) membranes were characterized and compared. 27958716 2 29 theme nanocomposite 443:455 arg1 sulfone 468:474 ether sulfone 462:474 ether sulfone 462:474 In this work, the hydrophilicity and mechanical properties of CNCs and CNTs nanocomposite poly(ether sulfone) (PES) membranes were characterized and compared. 27958716 2 29 theme nanocomposite 443:455 arg1 PES 478:480 PES 478:480 PES 478:480 In this work, the hydrophilicity and mechanical properties of CNCs and CNTs nanocomposite poly(ether sulfone) (PES) membranes were characterized and compared. 27958716 5 30 theme PES 702:704 arg1 polymers 706:713 PES polymers 702:713 PES polymers 702:713 Results showed that PES polymers were loosely packed in the top layer of both the CNC- and CNT-composite membranes (CNC-M and CNT-M). 27958716 6 31 theme CNC-M 836:840 arg1 greater 846:852 greater 846:852 greater 846:852 The porosity of the CNC-M was greater than that of the CNT-M. 27958716 6 31 theme CNC-M 836:840 arg1 porosity 820:827 The porosity 816:827 The porosity of the CNC-M 816:840 The porosity of the CNC-M was greater than that of the CNT-M. 27958716 3 32 theme scanning 565:572 arg1 SEM 595:597 SEM 595:597 SEM 595:597 Membrane pore geometry was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27958716 3 32 theme scanning 565:572 arg1 microscopy 583:592 scanning electron microscopy 565:592 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 565:598 Membrane pore geometry was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27958716 4 33 theme pore 627:630 arg1 radius 632:637 mean pore radius 622:637 mean pore radius 622:637 Overall porosity and mean pore radius were calculated based on a wet-dry method. 27958716 2 34 dep CNCs 429:432 arg1 membranes 483:491 nanocomposite poly(ether sulfone) (PES) membranes 443:491 nanocomposite poly(ether sulfone) (PES) membranes 443:491 In this work, the hydrophilicity and mechanical properties of CNCs and CNTs nanocomposite poly(ether sulfone) (PES) membranes were characterized and compared. 27958716 2 35 theme CNCs 429:432 arg1 hydrophilicity 385:398 hydrophilicity 385:398 hydrophilicity 385:398 In this work, the hydrophilicity and mechanical properties of CNCs and CNTs nanocomposite poly(ether sulfone) (PES) membranes were characterized and compared. 27958716 2 35 theme CNCs 429:432 arg1 properties 415:424 mechanical properties 404:424 mechanical properties 404:424 In this work, the hydrophilicity and mechanical properties of CNCs and CNTs nanocomposite poly(ether sulfone) (PES) membranes were characterized and compared. 27958716 0 36 theme Mechanical 33:42 arg1 Properties 44:53 Mechanical Properties 33:53 Mechanical Properties 33:53 Comparison of Hydrophilicity and Mechanical Properties of Nanocomposite Membranes with Cellulose Nanocrystals and Carbon Nanotubes. 27958716 1 37 theme fewer 308:312 arg1 objections 314:323 fewer objections 308:323 fewer objections 308:323 The inherent properties of hydrophilicity and mechanical strength of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) make them a possible alternative to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that may present fewer objections to application water-treatment membranes. 27958716 5 38 theme CNC- 764:767 arg1 CNT-M 808:812 CNT-M 808:812 CNT-M 808:812 Results showed that PES polymers were loosely packed in the top layer of both the CNC- and CNT-composite membranes (CNC-M and CNT-M). 27958716 5 38 theme CNC- 764:767 arg1 CNC-M 798:802 CNC-M 798:802 CNC-M 798:802 Results showed that PES polymers were loosely packed in the top layer of both the CNC- and CNT-composite membranes (CNC-M and CNT-M). 27958716 5 38 theme CNC- 764:767 arg1 membranes 787:795 both the CNC- and CNT-composite membranes 755:795 membranes 787:795 Results showed that PES polymers were loosely packed in the top layer of both the CNC- and CNT-composite membranes (CNC-M and CNT-M). 27958716 7 39 theme water 965:969 arg1 flux 971:974 water flux 965:974 water flux 965:974 Membrane hydrophilicity, measured by water-contact angle, free energy of cohesion, and water flux, was increased through the addition of either CNCs or functionalized CNTs to an otherwise hydrophobic polymer membrane. 27958716 9 40 dep CNC-M 1236:1240 arg1 the 1232:1234 the 1232:1234 the 1232:1234 In addition, the Young's modulus and tensile strength was enhanced for both the CNC-M and CNT-M. 27958716 0 41 theme Nanocomposite 58:70 arg1 Membranes 72:80 Nanocomposite Membranes 58:80 Nanocomposite Membranes 58:80 Comparison of Hydrophilicity and Mechanical Properties of Nanocomposite Membranes with Cellulose Nanocrystals and Carbon Nanotubes. 27958716 10 42 theme smaller 1259:1265 arg1 concentrations 1267:1280 smaller concentrations 1259:1280 smaller concentrations of CNTs 1259:1288 While smaller concentrations of CNTs were required to achieve an equal increase in Young's modulus compared with the CNCs, the elasticity of the CNC-composite membranes was greater. 27958716 5 43 theme CNT-composite 773:785 arg1 CNT-M 808:812 CNT-M 808:812 CNT-M 808:812 Results showed that PES polymers were loosely packed in the top layer of both the CNC- and CNT-composite membranes (CNC-M and CNT-M). 27958716 5 43 theme CNT-composite 773:785 arg1 CNC-M 798:802 CNC-M 798:802 CNC-M 798:802 Results showed that PES polymers were loosely packed in the top layer of both the CNC- and CNT-composite membranes (CNC-M and CNT-M). 27958716 5 43 theme CNT-composite 773:785 arg1 membranes 787:795 both the CNC- and CNT-composite membranes 755:795 membranes 787:795 Results showed that PES polymers were loosely packed in the top layer of both the CNC- and CNT-composite membranes (CNC-M and CNT-M). 27958716 1 44 theme inherent 136:143 arg1 properties 145:154 The inherent properties 132:154 The inherent properties of hydrophilicity and mechanical strength of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 132:229 The inherent properties of hydrophilicity and mechanical strength of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) make them a possible alternative to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that may present fewer objections to application water-treatment membranes. 27958716 1 45 theme application 328:338 arg1 membranes 356:364 application water-treatment membranes 328:364 application water-treatment membranes 328:364 The inherent properties of hydrophilicity and mechanical strength of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) make them a possible alternative to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that may present fewer objections to application water-treatment membranes. 27958716 0 46 with Comparison 0:9 arg1 Nanocrystals 97:108 Cellulose Nanocrystals 87:108 Cellulose Nanocrystals 87:108 Comparison of Hydrophilicity and Mechanical Properties of Nanocomposite Membranes with Cellulose Nanocrystals and Carbon Nanotubes. 27958716 0 46 with Comparison 0:9 arg1 Nanotubes 121:129 Carbon Nanotubes 114:129 Carbon Nanotubes 114:129 Comparison of Hydrophilicity and Mechanical Properties of Nanocomposite Membranes with Cellulose Nanocrystals and Carbon Nanotubes. 27958716 7 47 theme free 936:939 arg1 energy 941:946 free energy 936:946 free energy of cohesion 936:958 Membrane hydrophilicity, measured by water-contact angle, free energy of cohesion, and water flux, was increased through the addition of either CNCs or functionalized CNTs to an otherwise hydrophobic polymer membrane. 27958716 9 48 theme tensile 1193:1199 arg1 strength 1201:1208 tensile strength 1193:1208 tensile strength 1193:1208 In addition, the Young's modulus and tensile strength was enhanced for both the CNC-M and CNT-M. 27958716 2 49 dep hydrophilicity 385:398 arg1 the 381:383 the 381:383 the 381:383 In this work, the hydrophilicity and mechanical properties of CNCs and CNTs nanocomposite poly(ether sulfone) (PES) membranes were characterized and compared. 27958716 1 50 theme possible 243:250 arg1 alternative 252:262 a possible alternative 241:262 a possible alternative to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that may present fewer objections to application water-treatment membranes 241:364 The inherent properties of hydrophilicity and mechanical strength of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) make them a possible alternative to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that may present fewer objections to application water-treatment membranes. 27958716 5 51 theme top 742:744 arg1 layer 746:750 the top layer 738:750 the top layer of both the CNC- and CNT-composite membranes (CNC-M and CNT-M) 738:813 Results showed that PES polymers were loosely packed in the top layer of both the CNC- and CNT-composite membranes (CNC-M and CNT-M). 27958716 7 52 theme cohesion 951:958 arg1 angle 929:933 water-contact angle 915:933 water-contact angle 915:933 Membrane hydrophilicity, measured by water-contact angle, free energy of cohesion, and water flux, was increased through the addition of either CNCs or functionalized CNTs to an otherwise hydrophobic polymer membrane. 27958716 7 52 theme cohesion 951:958 arg1 energy 941:946 free energy 936:946 free energy of cohesion 936:958 Membrane hydrophilicity, measured by water-contact angle, free energy of cohesion, and water flux, was increased through the addition of either CNCs or functionalized CNTs to an otherwise hydrophobic polymer membrane. 27958716 7 52 theme cohesion 951:958 arg1 flux 971:974 water flux 965:974 water flux 965:974 Membrane hydrophilicity, measured by water-contact angle, free energy of cohesion, and water flux, was increased through the addition of either CNCs or functionalized CNTs to an otherwise hydrophobic polymer membrane. 27958716 1 53 theme hydrophilicity 159:172 arg1 properties 145:154 The inherent properties 132:154 The inherent properties of hydrophilicity and mechanical strength of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 132:229 The inherent properties of hydrophilicity and mechanical strength of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) make them a possible alternative to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that may present fewer objections to application water-treatment membranes. 27958716 2 54 theme mechanical 404:413 arg1 properties 415:424 mechanical properties 404:424 mechanical properties 404:424 In this work, the hydrophilicity and mechanical properties of CNCs and CNTs nanocomposite poly(ether sulfone) (PES) membranes were characterized and compared. 27958716 4 55 theme mean 622:625 arg1 radius 632:637 mean pore radius 622:637 mean pore radius 622:637 Overall porosity and mean pore radius were calculated based on a wet-dry method. 27958716 0 56 theme Membranes 72:80 arg1 Properties 44:53 Mechanical Properties 33:53 Mechanical Properties 33:53 Comparison of Hydrophilicity and Mechanical Properties of Nanocomposite Membranes with Cellulose Nanocrystals and Carbon Nanotubes. 27958716 0 56 theme Membranes 72:80 arg1 Comparison 0:9 Comparison 0:9 Comparison of Hydrophilicity 0:27 Comparison of Hydrophilicity and Mechanical Properties of Nanocomposite Membranes with Cellulose Nanocrystals and Carbon Nanotubes. 27958716 1 57 theme water-treatment 340:354 arg1 membranes 356:364 application water-treatment membranes 328:364 application water-treatment membranes 328:364 The inherent properties of hydrophilicity and mechanical strength of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) make them a possible alternative to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that may present fewer objections to application water-treatment membranes. 27958716 0 58 theme Hydrophilicity 14:27 arg1 Properties 44:53 Mechanical Properties 33:53 Mechanical Properties 33:53 Comparison of Hydrophilicity and Mechanical Properties of Nanocomposite Membranes with Cellulose Nanocrystals and Carbon Nanotubes. 27958716 0 58 theme Hydrophilicity 14:27 arg1 Comparison 0:9 Comparison 0:9 Comparison of Hydrophilicity 0:27 Comparison of Hydrophilicity and Mechanical Properties of Nanocomposite Membranes with Cellulose Nanocrystals and Carbon Nanotubes. 27958716 0 59 with Properties 44:53 arg1 Nanocrystals 97:108 Cellulose Nanocrystals 87:108 Cellulose Nanocrystals 87:108 Comparison of Hydrophilicity and Mechanical Properties of Nanocomposite Membranes with Cellulose Nanocrystals and Carbon Nanotubes. 27958716 0 59 with Properties 44:53 arg1 Nanotubes 121:129 Carbon Nanotubes 114:129 Carbon Nanotubes 114:129 Comparison of Hydrophilicity and Mechanical Properties of Nanocomposite Membranes with Cellulose Nanocrystals and Carbon Nanotubes. 27958716 3 60 theme Membrane 526:533 arg1 geometry 540:547 Membrane pore geometry 526:547 Membrane pore geometry 526:547 Membrane pore geometry was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 26364567 0 0 with film 50:53 arg1 poly 73:76 poly 73:76 poly(acrylic acid) 73:90 Self-healing multilayer polyelectrolyte composite film with chitosan and poly(acrylic acid). 26364567 0 0 with film 50:53 arg1 acid 86:89 acrylic acid 78:89 acrylic acid 78:89 Self-healing multilayer polyelectrolyte composite film with chitosan and poly(acrylic acid). 26364567 0 0 with film 50:53 arg1 chitosan 60:67 chitosan 60:67 chitosan 60:67 Self-healing multilayer polyelectrolyte composite film with chitosan and poly(acrylic acid). 26364567 0 1 theme acrylic 78:84 arg1 poly 73:76 poly 73:76 poly(acrylic acid) 73:90 Self-healing multilayer polyelectrolyte composite film with chitosan and poly(acrylic acid). 26364567 0 1 theme acrylic 78:84 arg1 acid 86:89 acrylic acid 78:89 acrylic acid 78:89 Self-healing multilayer polyelectrolyte composite film with chitosan and poly(acrylic acid). 26364567 4 2 theme × 639:639 arg1 film 671:674 the (CS/PAA) × 30 multilayer polyelectrolyte film 626:674 the (CS/PAA) × 30 multilayer polyelectrolyte film 626:674 The possible influence of pH on the (CS/PAA) × 30 multilayer polyelectrolyte film was investigated. 26364567 6 3 contain has 983:985 arg2 ability 1052:1058 good swelling ability 1038:1058 good swelling ability 1038:1058 When the pH value of the CS solution is 3.0, the prepared multilayer polyelectrolyte film (CS3.0/PAA2.8) × 30 has fine-tuned interactions, a network-like structure, good swelling ability, good hydrophilicity, and excellent self-healing ability. 26364567 6 3 contain has 983:985 arg2 structure 1027:1035 a network-like structure 1012:1035 a network-like structure 1012:1035 When the pH value of the CS solution is 3.0, the prepared multilayer polyelectrolyte film (CS3.0/PAA2.8) × 30 has fine-tuned interactions, a network-like structure, good swelling ability, good hydrophilicity, and excellent self-healing ability. 26364567 6 3 contain has 983:985 arg2 ability 1109:1115 excellent self-healing ability 1086:1115 excellent self-healing ability 1086:1115 When the pH value of the CS solution is 3.0, the prepared multilayer polyelectrolyte film (CS3.0/PAA2.8) × 30 has fine-tuned interactions, a network-like structure, good swelling ability, good hydrophilicity, and excellent self-healing ability. 26364567 6 3 contain has 983:985 arg2 hydrophilicity 1066:1079 good hydrophilicity 1061:1079 good hydrophilicity 1061:1079 When the pH value of the CS solution is 3.0, the prepared multilayer polyelectrolyte film (CS3.0/PAA2.8) × 30 has fine-tuned interactions, a network-like structure, good swelling ability, good hydrophilicity, and excellent self-healing ability. 26364567 6 3 contain has 983:985 arg1 × 978:978 the prepared multilayer polyelectrolyte film (CS3.0/PAA2.8) × 30 918:981 the prepared multilayer polyelectrolyte film (CS3.0/PAA2.8) × 30 918:981 When the pH value of the CS solution is 3.0, the prepared multilayer polyelectrolyte film (CS3.0/PAA2.8) × 30 has fine-tuned interactions, a network-like structure, good swelling ability, good hydrophilicity, and excellent self-healing ability. 26364567 6 3 contain has 983:985 arg2 interactions 998:1009 fine-tuned interactions 987:1009 fine-tuned interactions 987:1009 When the pH value of the CS solution is 3.0, the prepared multilayer polyelectrolyte film (CS3.0/PAA2.8) × 30 has fine-tuned interactions, a network-like structure, good swelling ability, good hydrophilicity, and excellent self-healing ability. 26364567 6 4 theme excellent 1086:1094 arg1 ability 1109:1115 excellent self-healing ability 1086:1115 excellent self-healing ability 1086:1115 When the pH value of the CS solution is 3.0, the prepared multilayer polyelectrolyte film (CS3.0/PAA2.8) × 30 has fine-tuned interactions, a network-like structure, good swelling ability, good hydrophilicity, and excellent self-healing ability. 26364567 6 5 theme swelling 1043:1050 arg1 ability 1052:1058 good swelling ability 1038:1058 good swelling ability 1038:1058 When the pH value of the CS solution is 3.0, the prepared multilayer polyelectrolyte film (CS3.0/PAA2.8) × 30 has fine-tuned interactions, a network-like structure, good swelling ability, good hydrophilicity, and excellent self-healing ability. 26364567 6 6 theme solution 901:908 arg1 value 885:889 the pH value 878:889 the pH value of the CS solution 878:908 When the pH value of the CS solution is 3.0, the prepared multilayer polyelectrolyte film (CS3.0/PAA2.8) × 30 has fine-tuned interactions, a network-like structure, good swelling ability, good hydrophilicity, and excellent self-healing ability. 26364567 6 6 theme solution 901:908 arg1 3.0 913:915 3.0 913:915 3.0 913:915 When the pH value of the CS solution is 3.0, the prepared multilayer polyelectrolyte film (CS3.0/PAA2.8) × 30 has fine-tuned interactions, a network-like structure, good swelling ability, good hydrophilicity, and excellent self-healing ability. 26364567 6 7 theme good 1061:1064 arg1 hydrophilicity 1066:1079 good hydrophilicity 1061:1079 good hydrophilicity 1061:1079 When the pH value of the CS solution is 3.0, the prepared multilayer polyelectrolyte film (CS3.0/PAA2.8) × 30 has fine-tuned interactions, a network-like structure, good swelling ability, good hydrophilicity, and excellent self-healing ability. 26364567 7 8 theme future 1153:1158 arg1 applications 1160:1171 the future applications 1149:1171 the future applications of environmentally friendly materials and bio-materials 1149:1227 This promises to greatly widen the future applications of environmentally friendly materials and bio-materials. 26364567 5 9 theme CS 860:861 arg1 solution 863:870 the CS solution 856:870 the CS solution 856:870 The results show that the interactions between CS and PAA, swelling capacity, microstructure, wettability, and self-healing ability are all governed by the pH of the CS solution. 26364567 3 10 theme multilayer 450:459 arg1 films 477:481 multilayer polyelectrolyte films 450:481 multilayer polyelectrolyte films 450:481 Then, multilayer polyelectrolyte films were fabricated with CS and PAA based on layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly technology at different pH values. 26364567 1 11 theme nontoxic 175:182 arg1 materials 184:192 nontoxic materials 175:192 nontoxic materials 175:192 If self-healing materials can be prepared via simple technology and methods using nontoxic materials, this would be a great step forward in the creation of environmentally friendly self-healing materials. 26364567 6 12 theme CS 898:899 arg1 solution 901:908 the CS solution 894:908 the CS solution 894:908 When the pH value of the CS solution is 3.0, the prepared multilayer polyelectrolyte film (CS3.0/PAA2.8) × 30 has fine-tuned interactions, a network-like structure, good swelling ability, good hydrophilicity, and excellent self-healing ability. 26364567 5 13 theme swelling 753:760 arg1 capacity 762:769 swelling capacity 753:769 swelling capacity 753:769 The results show that the interactions between CS and PAA, swelling capacity, microstructure, wettability, and self-healing ability are all governed by the pH of the CS solution. 26364567 5 13 theme swelling 753:760 arg1 CS 741:742 CS 741:742 CS 741:742 The results show that the interactions between CS and PAA, swelling capacity, microstructure, wettability, and self-healing ability are all governed by the pH of the CS solution. 26364567 6 14 theme fine-tuned 987:996 arg1 interactions 998:1009 fine-tuned interactions 987:1009 fine-tuned interactions 987:1009 When the pH value of the CS solution is 3.0, the prepared multilayer polyelectrolyte film (CS3.0/PAA2.8) × 30 has fine-tuned interactions, a network-like structure, good swelling ability, good hydrophilicity, and excellent self-healing ability. 26364567 4 15 theme pH 620:621 arg1 influence 607:615 The possible influence 594:615 The possible influence of pH on the (CS/PAA) × 30 multilayer polyelectrolyte film 594:674 The possible influence of pH on the (CS/PAA) × 30 multilayer polyelectrolyte film was investigated. 26364567 6 16 theme pH 882:883 arg1 value 885:889 the pH value 878:889 the pH value of the CS solution 878:908 When the pH value of the CS solution is 3.0, the prepared multilayer polyelectrolyte film (CS3.0/PAA2.8) × 30 has fine-tuned interactions, a network-like structure, good swelling ability, good hydrophilicity, and excellent self-healing ability. 26364567 6 16 theme pH 882:883 arg1 3.0 913:915 3.0 913:915 3.0 913:915 When the pH value of the CS solution is 3.0, the prepared multilayer polyelectrolyte film (CS3.0/PAA2.8) × 30 has fine-tuned interactions, a network-like structure, good swelling ability, good hydrophilicity, and excellent self-healing ability. 26364567 5 17 theme solution 863:870 arg1 pH 850:851 the pH 846:851 the pH of the CS solution 846:870 The results show that the interactions between CS and PAA, swelling capacity, microstructure, wettability, and self-healing ability are all governed by the pH of the CS solution. 26364567 7 18 theme friendly 1192:1199 arg1 materials 1201:1209 environmentally friendly materials 1176:1209 environmentally friendly materials 1176:1209 This promises to greatly widen the future applications of environmentally friendly materials and bio-materials. 26364567 2 19 theme bonds 372:376 arg1 parameters 337:346 the specific structural parameters 313:346 the specific structural parameters of the various hydrogen bonds between chitosan (CS) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) 313:425 In this paper, the specific structural parameters of the various hydrogen bonds between chitosan (CS) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) were calculated. 26364567 0 20 theme Self-healing 0:11 arg1 multilayer 13:22 Self-healing multilayer 0:22 Self-healing multilayer 0:22 Self-healing multilayer polyelectrolyte composite film with chitosan and poly(acrylic acid). 26364567 1 21 theme environmentally 249:263 arg1 materials 287:295 environmentally friendly self-healing materials 249:295 environmentally friendly self-healing materials 249:295 If self-healing materials can be prepared via simple technology and methods using nontoxic materials, this would be a great step forward in the creation of environmentally friendly self-healing materials. 26364567 2 22 theme hydrogen 363:370 arg1 bonds 372:376 the various hydrogen bonds 351:376 the various hydrogen bonds between chitosan (CS) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) 351:425 In this paper, the specific structural parameters of the various hydrogen bonds between chitosan (CS) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) were calculated. 26364567 0 23 theme composite 40:48 arg1 film 50:53 composite film 40:53 composite film with chitosan and poly(acrylic acid) 40:90 Self-healing multilayer polyelectrolyte composite film with chitosan and poly(acrylic acid). 26364567 1 24 theme friendly 265:272 arg1 materials 287:295 environmentally friendly self-healing materials 249:295 environmentally friendly self-healing materials 249:295 If self-healing materials can be prepared via simple technology and methods using nontoxic materials, this would be a great step forward in the creation of environmentally friendly self-healing materials. 26364567 1 25 from creation 237:244 arg1 forward 222:228 forward 222:228 forward 222:228 If self-healing materials can be prepared via simple technology and methods using nontoxic materials, this would be a great step forward in the creation of environmentally friendly self-healing materials. 26364567 4 26 from influence 607:615 arg1 film 671:674 the (CS/PAA) × 30 multilayer polyelectrolyte film 626:674 the (CS/PAA) × 30 multilayer polyelectrolyte film 626:674 The possible influence of pH on the (CS/PAA) × 30 multilayer polyelectrolyte film was investigated. 26364567 4 27 theme possible 598:605 arg1 influence 607:615 The possible influence 594:615 The possible influence of pH on the (CS/PAA) × 30 multilayer polyelectrolyte film 594:674 The possible influence of pH on the (CS/PAA) × 30 multilayer polyelectrolyte film was investigated. 26364567 2 28 theme polyacrylic 404:414 arg1 PAA 422:424 PAA 422:424 PAA 422:424 In this paper, the specific structural parameters of the various hydrogen bonds between chitosan (CS) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) were calculated. 26364567 2 28 theme polyacrylic 404:414 arg1 acid 416:419 polyacrylic acid 404:419 polyacrylic acid (PAA) 404:425 In this paper, the specific structural parameters of the various hydrogen bonds between chitosan (CS) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) were calculated. 26364567 1 29 theme self-healing 274:285 arg1 materials 287:295 environmentally friendly self-healing materials 249:295 environmentally friendly self-healing materials 249:295 If self-healing materials can be prepared via simple technology and methods using nontoxic materials, this would be a great step forward in the creation of environmentally friendly self-healing materials. 26364567 1 30 theme self-healing 96:107 arg1 materials 109:117 self-healing materials 96:117 self-healing materials 96:117 If self-healing materials can be prepared via simple technology and methods using nontoxic materials, this would be a great step forward in the creation of environmentally friendly self-healing materials. 26364567 1 31 theme materials 287:295 arg1 creation 237:244 the creation 233:244 the creation of environmentally friendly self-healing materials 233:295 If self-healing materials can be prepared via simple technology and methods using nontoxic materials, this would be a great step forward in the creation of environmentally friendly self-healing materials. 26364567 7 32 theme bio-materials 1215:1227 arg1 applications 1160:1171 the future applications 1149:1171 the future applications of environmentally friendly materials and bio-materials 1149:1227 This promises to greatly widen the future applications of environmentally friendly materials and bio-materials. 26364567 6 33 theme film 958:961 arg1 × 978:978 the prepared multilayer polyelectrolyte film (CS3.0/PAA2.8) × 30 918:981 the prepared multilayer polyelectrolyte film (CS3.0/PAA2.8) × 30 918:981 When the pH value of the CS solution is 3.0, the prepared multilayer polyelectrolyte film (CS3.0/PAA2.8) × 30 has fine-tuned interactions, a network-like structure, good swelling ability, good hydrophilicity, and excellent self-healing ability. 26364567 4 34 theme multilayer 644:653 arg1 film 671:674 the (CS/PAA) × 30 multilayer polyelectrolyte film 626:674 the (CS/PAA) × 30 multilayer polyelectrolyte film 626:674 The possible influence of pH on the (CS/PAA) × 30 multilayer polyelectrolyte film was investigated. 26364567 6 35 theme polyelectrolyte 942:956 arg1 × 978:978 the prepared multilayer polyelectrolyte film (CS3.0/PAA2.8) × 30 918:981 the prepared multilayer polyelectrolyte film (CS3.0/PAA2.8) × 30 918:981 When the pH value of the CS solution is 3.0, the prepared multilayer polyelectrolyte film (CS3.0/PAA2.8) × 30 has fine-tuned interactions, a network-like structure, good swelling ability, good hydrophilicity, and excellent self-healing ability. 26364567 2 36 theme structural 326:335 arg1 parameters 337:346 the specific structural parameters 313:346 the specific structural parameters of the various hydrogen bonds between chitosan (CS) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) 313:425 In this paper, the specific structural parameters of the various hydrogen bonds between chitosan (CS) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) were calculated. 26364567 1 37 from forward 222:228 arg1 creation 237:244 the creation 233:244 the creation of environmentally friendly self-healing materials 233:295 If self-healing materials can be prepared via simple technology and methods using nontoxic materials, this would be a great step forward in the creation of environmentally friendly self-healing materials. 26364567 3 38 theme self-assembly 545:557 arg1 technology 559:568 layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly technology 524:568 layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly technology 524:568 Then, multilayer polyelectrolyte films were fabricated with CS and PAA based on layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly technology at different pH values. 26364567 7 39 theme materials 1201:1209 arg1 applications 1160:1171 the future applications 1149:1171 the future applications of environmentally friendly materials and bio-materials 1149:1227 This promises to greatly widen the future applications of environmentally friendly materials and bio-materials. 26364567 2 40 theme specific 317:324 arg1 parameters 337:346 the specific structural parameters 313:346 the specific structural parameters of the various hydrogen bonds between chitosan (CS) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) 313:425 In this paper, the specific structural parameters of the various hydrogen bonds between chitosan (CS) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) were calculated. 26364567 6 41 theme self-healing 1096:1107 arg1 ability 1109:1115 excellent self-healing ability 1086:1115 excellent self-healing ability 1086:1115 When the pH value of the CS solution is 3.0, the prepared multilayer polyelectrolyte film (CS3.0/PAA2.8) × 30 has fine-tuned interactions, a network-like structure, good swelling ability, good hydrophilicity, and excellent self-healing ability. 26364567 4 42 theme polyelectrolyte 655:669 arg1 film 671:674 the (CS/PAA) × 30 multilayer polyelectrolyte film 626:674 the (CS/PAA) × 30 multilayer polyelectrolyte film 626:674 The possible influence of pH on the (CS/PAA) × 30 multilayer polyelectrolyte film was investigated. 26364567 6 43 theme prepared 922:929 arg1 × 978:978 the prepared multilayer polyelectrolyte film (CS3.0/PAA2.8) × 30 918:981 the prepared multilayer polyelectrolyte film (CS3.0/PAA2.8) × 30 918:981 When the pH value of the CS solution is 3.0, the prepared multilayer polyelectrolyte film (CS3.0/PAA2.8) × 30 has fine-tuned interactions, a network-like structure, good swelling ability, good hydrophilicity, and excellent self-healing ability. 26364567 7 44 theme environmentally 1176:1190 arg1 materials 1201:1209 environmentally friendly materials 1176:1209 environmentally friendly materials 1176:1209 This promises to greatly widen the future applications of environmentally friendly materials and bio-materials. 26364567 6 45 theme network-like 1014:1025 arg1 structure 1027:1035 a network-like structure 1012:1035 a network-like structure 1012:1035 When the pH value of the CS solution is 3.0, the prepared multilayer polyelectrolyte film (CS3.0/PAA2.8) × 30 has fine-tuned interactions, a network-like structure, good swelling ability, good hydrophilicity, and excellent self-healing ability. 26364567 6 46 theme multilayer 931:940 arg1 × 978:978 the prepared multilayer polyelectrolyte film (CS3.0/PAA2.8) × 30 918:981 the prepared multilayer polyelectrolyte film (CS3.0/PAA2.8) × 30 918:981 When the pH value of the CS solution is 3.0, the prepared multilayer polyelectrolyte film (CS3.0/PAA2.8) × 30 has fine-tuned interactions, a network-like structure, good swelling ability, good hydrophilicity, and excellent self-healing ability. 26364567 4 47 theme CS/PAA 631:636 arg1 film 671:674 the (CS/PAA) × 30 multilayer polyelectrolyte film 626:674 the (CS/PAA) × 30 multilayer polyelectrolyte film 626:674 The possible influence of pH on the (CS/PAA) × 30 multilayer polyelectrolyte film was investigated. 26364567 6 48 theme good 1038:1041 arg1 ability 1052:1058 good swelling ability 1038:1058 good swelling ability 1038:1058 When the pH value of the CS solution is 3.0, the prepared multilayer polyelectrolyte film (CS3.0/PAA2.8) × 30 has fine-tuned interactions, a network-like structure, good swelling ability, good hydrophilicity, and excellent self-healing ability. 26364567 1 49 theme great 211:215 arg1 step 217:220 a great step 209:220 a great step forward in the creation of environmentally friendly self-healing materials 209:295 If self-healing materials can be prepared via simple technology and methods using nontoxic materials, this would be a great step forward in the creation of environmentally friendly self-healing materials. 26364567 1 49 theme great 211:215 arg1 this 195:198 this 195:198 this 195:198 If self-healing materials can be prepared via simple technology and methods using nontoxic materials, this would be a great step forward in the creation of environmentally friendly self-healing materials. 26364567 3 50 theme different 573:581 arg1 values 586:591 different pH values 573:591 different pH values 573:591 Then, multilayer polyelectrolyte films were fabricated with CS and PAA based on layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly technology at different pH values. 26364567 6 51 theme CS3.0/PAA2.8 964:975 arg1 × 978:978 the prepared multilayer polyelectrolyte film (CS3.0/PAA2.8) × 30 918:981 the prepared multilayer polyelectrolyte film (CS3.0/PAA2.8) × 30 918:981 When the pH value of the CS solution is 3.0, the prepared multilayer polyelectrolyte film (CS3.0/PAA2.8) × 30 has fine-tuned interactions, a network-like structure, good swelling ability, good hydrophilicity, and excellent self-healing ability. 26364567 2 52 theme various 355:361 arg1 bonds 372:376 the various hydrogen bonds 351:376 the various hydrogen bonds between chitosan (CS) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) 351:425 In this paper, the specific structural parameters of the various hydrogen bonds between chitosan (CS) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) were calculated. 26364567 5 53 theme self-healing 805:816 arg1 ability 818:824 self-healing ability 805:824 self-healing ability 805:824 The results show that the interactions between CS and PAA, swelling capacity, microstructure, wettability, and self-healing ability are all governed by the pH of the CS solution. 26364567 5 53 theme self-healing 805:816 arg1 CS 741:742 CS 741:742 CS 741:742 The results show that the interactions between CS and PAA, swelling capacity, microstructure, wettability, and self-healing ability are all governed by the pH of the CS solution. 26364567 3 54 theme pH 583:584 arg1 values 586:591 different pH values 573:591 different pH values 573:591 Then, multilayer polyelectrolyte films were fabricated with CS and PAA based on layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly technology at different pH values. 26364567 1 55 theme simple 139:144 arg1 technology 146:155 simple technology 139:155 simple technology 139:155 If self-healing materials can be prepared via simple technology and methods using nontoxic materials, this would be a great step forward in the creation of environmentally friendly self-healing materials. 26364567 3 56 theme polyelectrolyte 461:475 arg1 films 477:481 multilayer polyelectrolyte films 450:481 multilayer polyelectrolyte films 450:481 Then, multilayer polyelectrolyte films were fabricated with CS and PAA based on layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly technology at different pH values. 26364567 1 57 theme forward 222:228 arg1 step 217:220 a great step 209:220 a great step forward in the creation of environmentally friendly self-healing materials 209:295 If self-healing materials can be prepared via simple technology and methods using nontoxic materials, this would be a great step forward in the creation of environmentally friendly self-healing materials. 26364567 1 57 theme forward 222:228 arg1 this 195:198 this 195:198 this 195:198 If self-healing materials can be prepared via simple technology and methods using nontoxic materials, this would be a great step forward in the creation of environmentally friendly self-healing materials. 24296410 3 0 theme tobermorite 729:739 arg1 particles 741:749 the embedded tobermorite particles 716:749 the embedded tobermorite particles in simulated body fluid 716:773 The in vitro bioactivity of the composite was confirmed by the formation of crystalline substituted hydroxyapatite on the surface of the embedded tobermorite particles in simulated body fluid. 24296410 1 1 theme chitosan 185:192 arg1 membrane 138:145 A polymer-mineral composite membrane 110:145 A polymer-mineral composite membrane of the mucopolysaccharide derivative, chitosan, and calcium silicate hydrate phase, tobermorite, 110:242 A polymer-mineral composite membrane of the mucopolysaccharide derivative, chitosan, and calcium silicate hydrate phase, tobermorite, was prepared by solvent casting and characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24296410 0 2 theme tissue 89:94 arg1 regeneration 96:107 guided tissue regeneration 82:107 guided tissue regeneration 82:107 Bioactivity and biocompatibility of a chitosan-tobermorite composite membrane for guided tissue regeneration. 24296410 2 3 theme regeneration 554:565 arg1 membrane 573:580 a biodegradable guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane 524:580 a biodegradable guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane 524:580 The bioactivity and biocompatibility of the chitosan-tobermorite composite were evaluated in vitro with respect to its potential for use as a biodegradable guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane. 24296410 5 4 theme suitable 1000:1007 arg1 material 1009:1016 a suitable material 998:1016 a suitable material for GTR applications 998:1037 The findings of this initial study have indicated that this novel chitosan-tobermorite composite may be a suitable material for GTR applications. 24296410 5 4 theme suitable 1000:1007 arg1 composite 981:989 this novel chitosan-tobermorite composite 949:989 this novel chitosan-tobermorite composite 949:989 The findings of this initial study have indicated that this novel chitosan-tobermorite composite may be a suitable material for GTR applications. 24296410 5 5 theme chitosan-tobermorite 960:979 arg1 material 1009:1016 a suitable material 998:1016 a suitable material for GTR applications 998:1037 The findings of this initial study have indicated that this novel chitosan-tobermorite composite may be a suitable material for GTR applications. 24296410 5 5 theme chitosan-tobermorite 960:979 arg1 composite 981:989 this novel chitosan-tobermorite composite 949:989 this novel chitosan-tobermorite composite 949:989 The findings of this initial study have indicated that this novel chitosan-tobermorite composite may be a suitable material for GTR applications. 24296410 5 6 theme novel 954:958 arg1 material 1009:1016 a suitable material 998:1016 a suitable material for GTR applications 998:1037 The findings of this initial study have indicated that this novel chitosan-tobermorite composite may be a suitable material for GTR applications. 24296410 5 6 theme novel 954:958 arg1 composite 981:989 this novel chitosan-tobermorite composite 949:989 this novel chitosan-tobermorite composite 949:989 The findings of this initial study have indicated that this novel chitosan-tobermorite composite may be a suitable material for GTR applications. 24296410 2 7 theme tissue 547:552 arg1 GTR 568:570 GTR 568:570 GTR 568:570 The bioactivity and biocompatibility of the chitosan-tobermorite composite were evaluated in vitro with respect to its potential for use as a biodegradable guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane. 24296410 2 7 theme tissue 547:552 arg1 regeneration 554:565 a biodegradable guided tissue regeneration 524:565 a biodegradable guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane 524:580 The bioactivity and biocompatibility of the chitosan-tobermorite composite were evaluated in vitro with respect to its potential for use as a biodegradable guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane. 24296410 3 8 theme simulated 754:762 arg1 fluid 769:773 simulated body fluid 754:773 simulated body fluid 754:773 The in vitro bioactivity of the composite was confirmed by the formation of crystalline substituted hydroxyapatite on the surface of the embedded tobermorite particles in simulated body fluid. 24296410 3 9 dep in 587:588 arg1 vitro 590:594 vitro 590:594 vitro 590:594 The in vitro bioactivity of the composite was confirmed by the formation of crystalline substituted hydroxyapatite on the surface of the embedded tobermorite particles in simulated body fluid. 24296410 2 10 theme guided 540:545 arg1 GTR 568:570 GTR 568:570 GTR 568:570 The bioactivity and biocompatibility of the chitosan-tobermorite composite were evaluated in vitro with respect to its potential for use as a biodegradable guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane. 24296410 2 10 theme guided 540:545 arg1 regeneration 554:565 a biodegradable guided tissue regeneration 524:565 a biodegradable guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane 524:580 The bioactivity and biocompatibility of the chitosan-tobermorite composite were evaluated in vitro with respect to its potential for use as a biodegradable guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane. 24296410 1 11 dep Fourier 336:342 arg1 Transform 344:352 Transform 344:352 Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 344:381 A polymer-mineral composite membrane of the mucopolysaccharide derivative, chitosan, and calcium silicate hydrate phase, tobermorite, was prepared by solvent casting and characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24296410 3 12 from fluid 769:773 arg1 surface 705:711 the surface 701:711 the surface of the embedded tobermorite particles in simulated body fluid 701:773 The in vitro bioactivity of the composite was confirmed by the formation of crystalline substituted hydroxyapatite on the surface of the embedded tobermorite particles in simulated body fluid. 24296410 4 13 theme membrane 806:813 arg1 presence 780:787 The presence 776:787 The presence of the composite membrane 776:813 The presence of the composite membrane was found to enhance the growth of MG63 human osteosarcoma cells by up to 30%. 24296410 2 14 theme biodegradable 526:538 arg1 GTR 568:570 GTR 568:570 GTR 568:570 The bioactivity and biocompatibility of the chitosan-tobermorite composite were evaluated in vitro with respect to its potential for use as a biodegradable guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane. 24296410 2 14 theme biodegradable 526:538 arg1 regeneration 554:565 a biodegradable guided tissue regeneration 524:565 a biodegradable guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane 524:580 The bioactivity and biocompatibility of the chitosan-tobermorite composite were evaluated in vitro with respect to its potential for use as a biodegradable guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane. 24296410 3 15 theme particles 741:749 arg1 surface 705:711 the surface 701:711 the surface of the embedded tobermorite particles in simulated body fluid 701:773 The in vitro bioactivity of the composite was confirmed by the formation of crystalline substituted hydroxyapatite on the surface of the embedded tobermorite particles in simulated body fluid. 24296410 4 16 theme human 855:859 arg1 cells 874:878 MG63 human osteosarcoma cells 850:878 MG63 human osteosarcoma cells 850:878 The presence of the composite membrane was found to enhance the growth of MG63 human osteosarcoma cells by up to 30%. 24296410 4 17 theme composite 796:804 arg1 membrane 806:813 the composite membrane 792:813 the composite membrane 792:813 The presence of the composite membrane was found to enhance the growth of MG63 human osteosarcoma cells by up to 30%. 24296410 1 18 theme calcium 199:205 arg1 tobermorite 231:241 tobermorite 231:241 tobermorite 231:241 A polymer-mineral composite membrane of the mucopolysaccharide derivative, chitosan, and calcium silicate hydrate phase, tobermorite, was prepared by solvent casting and characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24296410 1 18 theme calcium 199:205 arg1 phase 224:228 calcium silicate hydrate phase 199:228 calcium silicate hydrate phase 199:228 A polymer-mineral composite membrane of the mucopolysaccharide derivative, chitosan, and calcium silicate hydrate phase, tobermorite, was prepared by solvent casting and characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24296410 3 19 from particles 741:749 arg1 fluid 769:773 simulated body fluid 754:773 simulated body fluid 754:773 The in vitro bioactivity of the composite was confirmed by the formation of crystalline substituted hydroxyapatite on the surface of the embedded tobermorite particles in simulated body fluid. 24296410 3 20 from surface 705:711 arg1 formation 646:654 the formation 642:654 the formation of crystalline substituted hydroxyapatite on the surface of the embedded tobermorite particles in simulated body fluid 642:773 The in vitro bioactivity of the composite was confirmed by the formation of crystalline substituted hydroxyapatite on the surface of the embedded tobermorite particles in simulated body fluid. 24296410 3 20 from surface 705:711 arg1 fluid 769:773 simulated body fluid 754:773 simulated body fluid 754:773 The in vitro bioactivity of the composite was confirmed by the formation of crystalline substituted hydroxyapatite on the surface of the embedded tobermorite particles in simulated body fluid. 24296410 3 21 from hydroxyapatite 683:696 arg1 surface 705:711 the surface 701:711 the surface of the embedded tobermorite particles in simulated body fluid 701:773 The in vitro bioactivity of the composite was confirmed by the formation of crystalline substituted hydroxyapatite on the surface of the embedded tobermorite particles in simulated body fluid. 24296410 3 22 theme in 587:588 arg1 bioactivity 596:606 The in vitro bioactivity 583:606 The in vitro bioactivity of the composite 583:623 The in vitro bioactivity of the composite was confirmed by the formation of crystalline substituted hydroxyapatite on the surface of the embedded tobermorite particles in simulated body fluid. 24296410 3 23 theme body 764:767 arg1 fluid 769:773 simulated body fluid 754:773 simulated body fluid 754:773 The in vitro bioactivity of the composite was confirmed by the formation of crystalline substituted hydroxyapatite on the surface of the embedded tobermorite particles in simulated body fluid. 24296410 1 24 theme silicate 207:214 arg1 tobermorite 231:241 tobermorite 231:241 tobermorite 231:241 A polymer-mineral composite membrane of the mucopolysaccharide derivative, chitosan, and calcium silicate hydrate phase, tobermorite, was prepared by solvent casting and characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24296410 1 24 theme silicate 207:214 arg1 phase 224:228 calcium silicate hydrate phase 199:228 calcium silicate hydrate phase 199:228 A polymer-mineral composite membrane of the mucopolysaccharide derivative, chitosan, and calcium silicate hydrate phase, tobermorite, was prepared by solvent casting and characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24296410 1 25 theme scanning 297:304 arg1 microscopy 315:324 scanning electron microscopy 297:324 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 297:330 A polymer-mineral composite membrane of the mucopolysaccharide derivative, chitosan, and calcium silicate hydrate phase, tobermorite, was prepared by solvent casting and characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24296410 1 25 theme scanning 297:304 arg1 SEM 327:329 SEM 327:329 SEM 327:329 A polymer-mineral composite membrane of the mucopolysaccharide derivative, chitosan, and calcium silicate hydrate phase, tobermorite, was prepared by solvent casting and characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24296410 4 26 theme cells 874:878 arg1 growth 840:845 the growth 836:845 the growth of MG63 human osteosarcoma cells 836:878 The presence of the composite membrane was found to enhance the growth of MG63 human osteosarcoma cells by up to 30%. 24296410 4 27 theme osteosarcoma 861:872 arg1 cells 874:878 MG63 human osteosarcoma cells 850:878 MG63 human osteosarcoma cells 850:878 The presence of the composite membrane was found to enhance the growth of MG63 human osteosarcoma cells by up to 30%. 24296410 1 28 theme hydrate 216:222 arg1 tobermorite 231:241 tobermorite 231:241 tobermorite 231:241 A polymer-mineral composite membrane of the mucopolysaccharide derivative, chitosan, and calcium silicate hydrate phase, tobermorite, was prepared by solvent casting and characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24296410 1 28 theme hydrate 216:222 arg1 phase 224:228 calcium silicate hydrate phase 199:228 calcium silicate hydrate phase 199:228 A polymer-mineral composite membrane of the mucopolysaccharide derivative, chitosan, and calcium silicate hydrate phase, tobermorite, was prepared by solvent casting and characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24296410 1 29 theme electron 306:313 arg1 microscopy 315:324 scanning electron microscopy 297:324 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 297:330 A polymer-mineral composite membrane of the mucopolysaccharide derivative, chitosan, and calcium silicate hydrate phase, tobermorite, was prepared by solvent casting and characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24296410 1 29 theme electron 306:313 arg1 SEM 327:329 SEM 327:329 SEM 327:329 A polymer-mineral composite membrane of the mucopolysaccharide derivative, chitosan, and calcium silicate hydrate phase, tobermorite, was prepared by solvent casting and characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24296410 1 30 theme polymer-mineral 112:126 arg1 membrane 138:145 A polymer-mineral composite membrane 110:145 A polymer-mineral composite membrane of the mucopolysaccharide derivative, chitosan, and calcium silicate hydrate phase, tobermorite, 110:242 A polymer-mineral composite membrane of the mucopolysaccharide derivative, chitosan, and calcium silicate hydrate phase, tobermorite, was prepared by solvent casting and characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24296410 1 31 theme phase 224:228 arg1 membrane 138:145 A polymer-mineral composite membrane 110:145 A polymer-mineral composite membrane of the mucopolysaccharide derivative, chitosan, and calcium silicate hydrate phase, tobermorite, 110:242 A polymer-mineral composite membrane of the mucopolysaccharide derivative, chitosan, and calcium silicate hydrate phase, tobermorite, was prepared by solvent casting and characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24296410 1 32 dep Transform 344:352 arg1 infrared 354:361 infrared 354:361 Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 344:381 A polymer-mineral composite membrane of the mucopolysaccharide derivative, chitosan, and calcium silicate hydrate phase, tobermorite, was prepared by solvent casting and characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24296410 3 33 theme crystalline 659:669 arg1 hydroxyapatite 683:696 crystalline substituted hydroxyapatite 659:696 crystalline substituted hydroxyapatite on the surface of the embedded tobermorite particles in simulated body fluid 659:773 The in vitro bioactivity of the composite was confirmed by the formation of crystalline substituted hydroxyapatite on the surface of the embedded tobermorite particles in simulated body fluid. 24296410 1 34 theme composite 128:136 arg1 membrane 138:145 A polymer-mineral composite membrane 110:145 A polymer-mineral composite membrane of the mucopolysaccharide derivative, chitosan, and calcium silicate hydrate phase, tobermorite, 110:242 A polymer-mineral composite membrane of the mucopolysaccharide derivative, chitosan, and calcium silicate hydrate phase, tobermorite, was prepared by solvent casting and characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24296410 2 35 theme composite 449:457 arg1 biocompatibility 404:419 biocompatibility 404:419 biocompatibility 404:419 The bioactivity and biocompatibility of the chitosan-tobermorite composite were evaluated in vitro with respect to its potential for use as a biodegradable guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane. 24296410 2 35 theme composite 449:457 arg1 bioactivity 388:398 bioactivity 388:398 bioactivity 388:398 The bioactivity and biocompatibility of the chitosan-tobermorite composite were evaluated in vitro with respect to its potential for use as a biodegradable guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane. 24296410 0 36 theme chitosan-tobermorite 38:57 arg1 membrane 69:76 a chitosan-tobermorite composite membrane 36:76 a chitosan-tobermorite composite membrane 36:76 Bioactivity and biocompatibility of a chitosan-tobermorite composite membrane for guided tissue regeneration. 24296410 3 37 theme substituted 671:681 arg1 hydroxyapatite 683:696 crystalline substituted hydroxyapatite 659:696 crystalline substituted hydroxyapatite on the surface of the embedded tobermorite particles in simulated body fluid 659:773 The in vitro bioactivity of the composite was confirmed by the formation of crystalline substituted hydroxyapatite on the surface of the embedded tobermorite particles in simulated body fluid. 24296410 5 38 theme GTR 1022:1024 arg1 applications 1026:1037 GTR applications 1022:1037 GTR applications 1022:1037 The findings of this initial study have indicated that this novel chitosan-tobermorite composite may be a suitable material for GTR applications. 24296410 2 39 theme chitosan-tobermorite 428:447 arg1 composite 449:457 the chitosan-tobermorite composite 424:457 the chitosan-tobermorite composite 424:457 The bioactivity and biocompatibility of the chitosan-tobermorite composite were evaluated in vitro with respect to its potential for use as a biodegradable guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane. 24296410 4 40 dep 30 889:890 arg1 to 886:887 to 886:887 to 886:887 The presence of the composite membrane was found to enhance the growth of MG63 human osteosarcoma cells by up to 30%. 24296410 3 41 theme composite 615:623 arg1 bioactivity 596:606 The in vitro bioactivity 583:606 The in vitro bioactivity of the composite 583:623 The in vitro bioactivity of the composite was confirmed by the formation of crystalline substituted hydroxyapatite on the surface of the embedded tobermorite particles in simulated body fluid. 24296410 0 42 theme membrane 69:76 arg1 biocompatibility 16:31 biocompatibility 16:31 biocompatibility 16:31 Bioactivity and biocompatibility of a chitosan-tobermorite composite membrane for guided tissue regeneration. 24296410 0 42 theme membrane 69:76 arg1 Bioactivity 0:10 Bioactivity 0:10 Bioactivity 0:10 Bioactivity and biocompatibility of a chitosan-tobermorite composite membrane for guided tissue regeneration. 24296410 3 43 from formation 646:654 arg1 surface 705:711 the surface 701:711 the surface of the embedded tobermorite particles in simulated body fluid 701:773 The in vitro bioactivity of the composite was confirmed by the formation of crystalline substituted hydroxyapatite on the surface of the embedded tobermorite particles in simulated body fluid. 24296410 4 44 theme MG63 850:853 arg1 cells 874:878 MG63 human osteosarcoma cells 850:878 MG63 human osteosarcoma cells 850:878 The presence of the composite membrane was found to enhance the growth of MG63 human osteosarcoma cells by up to 30%. 24296410 0 45 theme composite 59:67 arg1 membrane 69:76 a chitosan-tobermorite composite membrane 36:76 a chitosan-tobermorite composite membrane 36:76 Bioactivity and biocompatibility of a chitosan-tobermorite composite membrane for guided tissue regeneration. 24296410 5 46 theme initial 915:921 arg1 study 923:927 this initial study 910:927 this initial study 910:927 The findings of this initial study have indicated that this novel chitosan-tobermorite composite may be a suitable material for GTR applications. 24296410 5 47 theme study 923:927 arg1 findings 898:905 The findings 894:905 The findings of this initial study 894:927 The findings of this initial study have indicated that this novel chitosan-tobermorite composite may be a suitable material for GTR applications. 24296410 3 48 theme hydroxyapatite 683:696 arg1 formation 646:654 the formation 642:654 the formation of crystalline substituted hydroxyapatite on the surface of the embedded tobermorite particles in simulated body fluid 642:773 The in vitro bioactivity of the composite was confirmed by the formation of crystalline substituted hydroxyapatite on the surface of the embedded tobermorite particles in simulated body fluid. 24296410 2 49 dep bioactivity 388:398 arg1 The 384:386 The 384:386 The 384:386 The bioactivity and biocompatibility of the chitosan-tobermorite composite were evaluated in vitro with respect to its potential for use as a biodegradable guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane. 24296410 1 50 theme mucopolysaccharide 154:171 arg1 derivative 173:182 the mucopolysaccharide derivative 150:182 the mucopolysaccharide derivative 150:182 A polymer-mineral composite membrane of the mucopolysaccharide derivative, chitosan, and calcium silicate hydrate phase, tobermorite, was prepared by solvent casting and characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24296410 0 51 theme guided 82:87 arg1 regeneration 96:107 guided tissue regeneration 82:107 guided tissue regeneration 82:107 Bioactivity and biocompatibility of a chitosan-tobermorite composite membrane for guided tissue regeneration. 24296410 1 52 theme derivative 173:182 arg1 membrane 138:145 A polymer-mineral composite membrane 110:145 A polymer-mineral composite membrane of the mucopolysaccharide derivative, chitosan, and calcium silicate hydrate phase, tobermorite, 110:242 A polymer-mineral composite membrane of the mucopolysaccharide derivative, chitosan, and calcium silicate hydrate phase, tobermorite, was prepared by solvent casting and characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 24296410 3 53 theme embedded 720:727 arg1 particles 741:749 the embedded tobermorite particles 716:749 the embedded tobermorite particles in simulated body fluid 716:773 The in vitro bioactivity of the composite was confirmed by the formation of crystalline substituted hydroxyapatite on the surface of the embedded tobermorite particles in simulated body fluid. 24296410 1 54 theme solvent 260:266 arg1 casting 268:274 solvent casting 260:274 solvent casting 260:274 A polymer-mineral composite membrane of the mucopolysaccharide derivative, chitosan, and calcium silicate hydrate phase, tobermorite, was prepared by solvent casting and characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 25799690 0 0 theme activity 108:115 arg1 quantification 31:44 quantification 31:44 quantification 31:44 [Chemical characterization and quantification of fructooligosaccharides, phenolic compounds and antiradical activity of Andean roots and tubers grown in Northwest of Argentina]. 25799690 0 0 theme activity 108:115 arg1 characterization 10:25 [Chemical characterization 0:25 [Chemical characterization 0:25 [Chemical characterization and quantification of fructooligosaccharides, phenolic compounds and antiradical activity of Andean roots and tubers grown in Northwest of Argentina]. 25799690 3 1 dep fructooligosaccharides 599:620 arg1 stored 704:709 stored 704:709 stored 704:709 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 3 1 dep fructooligosaccharides 599:620 arg1 boiled 693:698 boiled 693:698 boiled 693:698 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 3 1 dep fructooligosaccharides 599:620 arg1 boiled 682:687 boiled 682:687 boiled 682:687 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 7 2 theme higher 1102:1107 arg1 starch 1115:1120 higher total starch 1102:1120 higher total starch 1102:1120 The manioc had higher total starch than Andean roots and tubers. 25799690 8 3 theme ° 1272:1272 arg1 C 1274:1274 5 ° C 1270:1274 5 ° C 1270:1274 The boiling process decreased the resistant starch content of ocas and maniocs, but when these are stored for 48 h at 5 ° C, the resistant starch content increased. 25799690 0 4 theme antiradical 96:106 arg1 activity 108:115 antiradical activity 96:115 antiradical activity 96:115 [Chemical characterization and quantification of fructooligosaccharides, phenolic compounds and antiradical activity of Andean roots and tubers grown in Northwest of Argentina]. 25799690 3 5 theme resistant 639:647 arg1 starch 649:654 resistant starch 639:654 resistant starch 639:654 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 12 6 theme helpful 1615:1621 arg1 value 1623:1627 additional helpful value 1604:1627 additional helpful value for preventing no communicable diseases 1604:1667 It can be concluded that the roots and tubers studied, in addition to provide nutrients, contain functional compounds that confer additional helpful value for preventing no communicable diseases. 25799690 3 7 theme total 490:494 arg1 composition 466:476 Proximal composition 457:476 Proximal composition 457:476 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 3 7 theme total 490:494 arg1 compounds 505:513 total phenolic compounds 490:513 total phenolic compounds 490:513 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 3 8 theme manioc 765:770 arg1 Oca 730:732 Oca 730:732 Oca (Oxalis tuberosa) 730:750 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 3 8 theme manioc 765:770 arg1 clones 755:760 4 clones 753:760 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) 753:797 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 3 8 theme manioc 765:770 arg1 Crantz 791:796 Crantz 791:796 Crantz 791:796 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 3 8 theme manioc 765:770 arg1 yacon 803:807 yacon 803:807 yacon 803:807 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 3 8 theme manioc 765:770 arg1 tuberosa 742:749 tuberosa 742:749 tuberosa 742:749 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 3 8 theme manioc 765:770 arg1 manioc 765:770 manioc 765:770 manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) 765:797 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 3 8 theme manioc 765:770 arg1 varieties 717:725 6 varieties 715:725 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa) 715:750 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 0 9 theme Andean 120:125 arg1 roots 127:131 Andean roots 120:131 Andean roots 120:131 [Chemical characterization and quantification of fructooligosaccharides, phenolic compounds and antiradical activity of Andean roots and tubers grown in Northwest of Argentina]. 25799690 3 10 theme phenolic 496:503 arg1 composition 466:476 Proximal composition 457:476 Proximal composition 457:476 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 3 10 theme phenolic 496:503 arg1 compounds 505:513 total phenolic compounds 490:513 total phenolic compounds 490:513 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 7 11 dep Andean 1127:1132 arg1 roots 1134:1138 roots 1134:1138 roots 1134:1138 The manioc had higher total starch than Andean roots and tubers. 25799690 4 12 theme products 955:962 arg1 skin 941:944 the skin 937:944 the skin of these products 937:962 The results showed greater amount of bioactive compounds and antiradical activity in the skin of these products. 25799690 1 13 theme good 258:261 arg1 nutrition 263:271 a good nutrition 256:271 a good nutrition 256:271 There is great interest in consuming foods that can provide the nutrients for a good nutrition and other health beneficial compounds. 25799690 10 14 theme main 1385:1388 arg1 FOS 1428:1430 FOS 1428:1430 FOS (8.89%) 1428:1438 The main component of yacon carbohydrates were FOS (8.89%). 25799690 10 14 theme main 1385:1388 arg1 component 1390:1398 The main component 1381:1398 The main component of yacon carbohydrates 1381:1421 The main component of yacon carbohydrates were FOS (8.89%). 25799690 3 15 theme raw 671:673 arg1 roots 675:679 raw roots 671:679 raw roots 671:679 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 8 16 theme ocas 1214:1217 arg1 content 1203:1209 the resistant starch content 1182:1209 the resistant starch content of ocas and maniocs 1182:1229 The boiling process decreased the resistant starch content of ocas and maniocs, but when these are stored for 48 h at 5 ° C, the resistant starch content increased. 25799690 10 17 theme yacon 1403:1407 arg1 carbohydrates 1409:1421 yacon carbohydrates 1403:1421 yacon carbohydrates 1403:1421 The main component of yacon carbohydrates were FOS (8.89%). 25799690 6 18 theme fiber 1051:1055 arg1 greater 1061:1067 greater 1061:1067 greater 1061:1067 In all cases, the content of insoluble fiber was greater than the soluble. 25799690 6 18 theme fiber 1051:1055 arg1 content 1030:1036 the content 1026:1036 the content of insoluble fiber 1026:1055 In all cases, the content of insoluble fiber was greater than the soluble. 25799690 12 19 dep provide 1544:1550 arg1 addition 1532:1539 addition 1532:1539 addition 1532:1539 It can be concluded that the roots and tubers studied, in addition to provide nutrients, contain functional compounds that confer additional helpful value for preventing no communicable diseases. 25799690 12 20 theme communicable 1647:1658 arg1 diseases 1660:1667 no communicable diseases 1644:1667 no communicable diseases 1644:1667 It can be concluded that the roots and tubers studied, in addition to provide nutrients, contain functional compounds that confer additional helpful value for preventing no communicable diseases. 25799690 3 21 theme Proximal 457:464 arg1 activity 528:535 antiradical activity 516:535 antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp 516:559 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 3 21 theme Proximal 457:464 arg1 composition 466:476 Proximal composition 457:476 Proximal composition 457:476 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 3 21 theme Proximal 457:464 arg1 C 487:487 vitamin C 479:487 vitamin C 479:487 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 3 21 theme Proximal 457:464 arg1 fiber 570:574 dietary fiber 562:574 dietary fiber 562:574 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 3 21 theme Proximal 457:464 arg1 compounds 505:513 total phenolic compounds 490:513 total phenolic compounds 490:513 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 6 22 theme insoluble 1041:1049 arg1 fiber 1051:1055 insoluble fiber 1041:1055 insoluble fiber 1041:1055 In all cases, the content of insoluble fiber was greater than the soluble. 25799690 3 23 theme yacon 803:807 arg1 FOS 623:625 FOS 623:625 FOS 623:625 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 3 23 theme yacon 803:807 arg1 total 629:633 total 629:633 total 629:633 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 3 23 theme yacon 803:807 arg1 fructooligosaccharides 599:620 fructooligosaccharides 599:620 fructooligosaccharides (FOS) 599:626 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 3 23 theme yacon 803:807 arg1 starch 649:654 resistant starch 639:654 resistant starch 639:654 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 2 24 theme foods 385:389 arg1 composition 363:373 the chemical composition 350:373 the chemical composition of native foods of the Andean region 350:410 The aim of this work was to determine the chemical composition of native foods of the Andean region and to quantify some functional com-ponents. 25799690 0 25 theme roots 127:131 arg1 fructooligosaccharides 49:70 fructooligosaccharides 49:70 fructooligosaccharides 49:70 [Chemical characterization and quantification of fructooligosaccharides, phenolic compounds and antiradical activity of Andean roots and tubers grown in Northwest of Argentina]. 25799690 0 25 theme roots 127:131 arg1 compounds 82:90 phenolic compounds 73:90 phenolic compounds 73:90 [Chemical characterization and quantification of fructooligosaccharides, phenolic compounds and antiradical activity of Andean roots and tubers grown in Northwest of Argentina]. 25799690 0 25 theme roots 127:131 arg1 activity 108:115 antiradical activity 96:115 antiradical activity 96:115 [Chemical characterization and quantification of fructooligosaccharides, phenolic compounds and antiradical activity of Andean roots and tubers grown in Northwest of Argentina]. 25799690 3 26 from boiled 682:687 arg1 tubers 660:665 tubers 660:665 tubers 660:665 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 3 26 from boiled 682:687 arg1 roots 675:679 raw roots 671:679 raw roots 671:679 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 3 27 theme antiradical 516:526 arg1 activity 528:535 antiradical activity 516:535 antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp 516:559 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 3 27 theme antiradical 516:526 arg1 composition 466:476 Proximal composition 457:476 Proximal composition 457:476 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 3 27 theme antiradical 516:526 arg1 DPPH 538:541 DPPH 538:541 DPPH 538:541 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 2 28 theme native 378:383 arg1 foods 385:389 native foods 378:389 native foods of the Andean region 378:410 The aim of this work was to determine the chemical composition of native foods of the Andean region and to quantify some functional com-ponents. 25799690 3 29 from tubers 660:665 arg1 boiled 682:687 boiled 682:687 boiled 682:687 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 5 30 theme oca 1002:1004 arg1 peel 1006:1009 the oca peel 998:1009 the oca peel 998:1009 The highest content was found in the oca peel. 25799690 1 31 theme great 187:191 arg1 interest 193:200 great interest 187:200 great interest in consuming foods that can provide the nutrients for a good nutrition and other health beneficial compounds 187:309 There is great interest in consuming foods that can provide the nutrients for a good nutrition and other health beneficial compounds. 25799690 0 32 theme [Chemical 0:8 arg1 characterization 10:25 [Chemical characterization 0:25 [Chemical characterization 0:25 [Chemical characterization and quantification of fructooligosaccharides, phenolic compounds and antiradical activity of Andean roots and tubers grown in Northwest of Argentina]. 25799690 4 33 theme antiradical 913:923 arg1 activity 925:932 antiradical activity 913:932 antiradical activity 913:932 The results showed greater amount of bioactive compounds and antiradical activity in the skin of these products. 25799690 8 34 theme maniocs 1223:1229 arg1 content 1203:1209 the resistant starch content 1182:1209 the resistant starch content of ocas and maniocs 1182:1229 The boiling process decreased the resistant starch content of ocas and maniocs, but when these are stored for 48 h at 5 ° C, the resistant starch content increased. 25799690 5 35 theme highest 969:975 arg1 content 977:983 The highest content 965:983 The highest content 965:983 The highest content was found in the oca peel. 25799690 12 36 dep roots 1503:1507 arg1 the 1499:1501 the 1499:1501 the 1499:1501 It can be concluded that the roots and tubers studied, in addition to provide nutrients, contain functional compounds that confer additional helpful value for preventing no communicable diseases. 25799690 1 37 theme other 277:281 arg1 compounds 301:309 other health beneficial compounds 277:309 other health beneficial compounds 277:309 There is great interest in consuming foods that can provide the nutrients for a good nutrition and other health beneficial compounds. 25799690 8 38 theme resistant 1186:1194 arg1 starch 1196:1201 the resistant starch 1182:1201 the resistant starch content of ocas and maniocs 1182:1229 The boiling process decreased the resistant starch content of ocas and maniocs, but when these are stored for 48 h at 5 ° C, the resistant starch content increased. 25799690 2 39 theme region 405:410 arg1 foods 385:389 native foods 378:389 native foods of the Andean region 378:410 The aim of this work was to determine the chemical composition of native foods of the Andean region and to quantify some functional com-ponents. 25799690 3 40 from roots 675:679 arg1 boiled 682:687 boiled 682:687 boiled 682:687 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 1 41 theme health 283:288 arg1 compounds 301:309 other health beneficial compounds 277:309 other health beneficial compounds 277:309 There is great interest in consuming foods that can provide the nutrients for a good nutrition and other health beneficial compounds. 25799690 0 42 theme tubers 137:142 arg1 fructooligosaccharides 49:70 fructooligosaccharides 49:70 fructooligosaccharides 49:70 [Chemical characterization and quantification of fructooligosaccharides, phenolic compounds and antiradical activity of Andean roots and tubers grown in Northwest of Argentina]. 25799690 0 42 theme tubers 137:142 arg1 compounds 82:90 phenolic compounds 73:90 phenolic compounds 73:90 [Chemical characterization and quantification of fructooligosaccharides, phenolic compounds and antiradical activity of Andean roots and tubers grown in Northwest of Argentina]. 25799690 0 42 theme tubers 137:142 arg1 activity 108:115 antiradical activity 96:115 antiradical activity 96:115 [Chemical characterization and quantification of fructooligosaccharides, phenolic compounds and antiradical activity of Andean roots and tubers grown in Northwest of Argentina]. 25799690 7 43 theme total 1109:1113 arg1 starch 1115:1120 higher total starch 1102:1120 higher total starch 1102:1120 The manioc had higher total starch than Andean roots and tubers. 25799690 2 44 theme Andean 398:403 arg1 region 405:410 the Andean region 394:410 the Andean region 394:410 The aim of this work was to determine the chemical composition of native foods of the Andean region and to quantify some functional com-ponents. 25799690 0 45 theme fructooligosaccharides 49:70 arg1 quantification 31:44 quantification 31:44 quantification 31:44 [Chemical characterization and quantification of fructooligosaccharides, phenolic compounds and antiradical activity of Andean roots and tubers grown in Northwest of Argentina]. 25799690 0 45 theme fructooligosaccharides 49:70 arg1 characterization 10:25 [Chemical characterization 0:25 [Chemical characterization 0:25 [Chemical characterization and quantification of fructooligosaccharides, phenolic compounds and antiradical activity of Andean roots and tubers grown in Northwest of Argentina]. 25799690 1 46 theme beneficial 290:299 arg1 compounds 301:309 other health beneficial compounds 277:309 other health beneficial compounds 277:309 There is great interest in consuming foods that can provide the nutrients for a good nutrition and other health beneficial compounds. 25799690 3 47 from activity 528:535 arg1 pulp 556:559 pulp 556:559 pulp 556:559 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 3 47 from activity 528:535 arg1 peel 547:550 peel 547:550 peel 547:550 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 9 48 theme ocas 1340:1343 arg1 similar 1349:1355 similar 1349:1355 similar 1349:1355 The FOS content of the ocas was similar for all varieties (7%). 25799690 9 48 theme ocas 1340:1343 arg1 content 1325:1331 The FOS content 1317:1331 The FOS content of the ocas 1317:1343 The FOS content of the ocas was similar for all varieties (7%). 25799690 9 48 theme ocas 1340:1343 arg1 % 1377:1377 7% 1376:1377 7% 1376:1377 The FOS content of the ocas was similar for all varieties (7%). 25799690 4 49 theme bioactive 889:897 arg1 compounds 899:907 bioactive compounds 889:907 bioactive compounds 889:907 The results showed greater amount of bioactive compounds and antiradical activity in the skin of these products. 25799690 12 50 contain contain 1563:1569 arg2 compounds 1582:1590 functional compounds 1571:1590 functional compounds that confer additional helpful value for preventing no communicable diseases 1571:1667 It can be concluded that the roots and tubers studied, in addition to provide nutrients, contain functional compounds that confer additional helpful value for preventing no communicable diseases. 25799690 12 50 contain contain 1563:1569 arg1 roots 1503:1507 roots 1503:1507 roots 1503:1507 It can be concluded that the roots and tubers studied, in addition to provide nutrients, contain functional compounds that confer additional helpful value for preventing no communicable diseases. 25799690 12 50 contain contain 1563:1569 arg1 tubers 1513:1518 tubers 1513:1518 tubers 1513:1518 It can be concluded that the roots and tubers studied, in addition to provide nutrients, contain functional compounds that confer additional helpful value for preventing no communicable diseases. 25799690 10 51 theme carbohydrates 1409:1421 arg1 FOS 1428:1430 FOS 1428:1430 FOS (8.89%) 1428:1438 The main component of yacon carbohydrates were FOS (8.89%). 25799690 10 51 theme carbohydrates 1409:1421 arg1 component 1390:1398 The main component 1381:1398 The main component of yacon carbohydrates 1381:1421 The main component of yacon carbohydrates were FOS (8.89%). 25799690 3 52 theme dietary 562:568 arg1 composition 466:476 Proximal composition 457:476 Proximal composition 457:476 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 3 52 theme dietary 562:568 arg1 fiber 570:574 dietary fiber 562:574 dietary fiber 562:574 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 0 53 theme phenolic 73:80 arg1 compounds 82:90 phenolic compounds 73:90 phenolic compounds 73:90 [Chemical characterization and quantification of fructooligosaccharides, phenolic compounds and antiradical activity of Andean roots and tubers grown in Northwest of Argentina]. 25799690 0 54 theme Argentina 166:174 arg1 Northwest 153:161 Northwest 153:161 Northwest of Argentina 153:174 [Chemical characterization and quantification of fructooligosaccharides, phenolic compounds and antiradical activity of Andean roots and tubers grown in Northwest of Argentina]. 25799690 3 55 theme vitamin 479:485 arg1 composition 466:476 Proximal composition 457:476 Proximal composition 457:476 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 3 55 theme vitamin 479:485 arg1 C 487:487 vitamin C 479:487 vitamin C 479:487 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 2 56 theme functional 433:442 arg1 com-ponents 444:454 some functional com-ponents 428:454 some functional com-ponents 428:454 The aim of this work was to determine the chemical composition of native foods of the Andean region and to quantify some functional com-ponents. 25799690 8 57 theme starch 1291:1296 arg1 content 1298:1304 the resistant starch content 1277:1304 the resistant starch content 1277:1304 The boiling process decreased the resistant starch content of ocas and maniocs, but when these are stored for 48 h at 5 ° C, the resistant starch content increased. 25799690 12 58 theme functional 1571:1580 arg1 compounds 1582:1590 functional compounds 1571:1590 functional compounds that confer additional helpful value for preventing no communicable diseases 1571:1667 It can be concluded that the roots and tubers studied, in addition to provide nutrients, contain functional compounds that confer additional helpful value for preventing no communicable diseases. 25799690 2 59 theme work 328:331 arg1 aim 316:318 The aim 312:318 The aim of this work 312:331 The aim of this work was to determine the chemical composition of native foods of the Andean region and to quantify some functional com-ponents. 25799690 3 60 theme clones 755:760 arg1 FOS 623:625 FOS 623:625 FOS 623:625 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 3 60 theme clones 755:760 arg1 total 629:633 total 629:633 total 629:633 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 3 60 theme clones 755:760 arg1 fructooligosaccharides 599:620 fructooligosaccharides 599:620 fructooligosaccharides (FOS) 599:626 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 3 60 theme clones 755:760 arg1 starch 649:654 resistant starch 639:654 resistant starch 639:654 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 12 61 theme additional 1604:1613 arg1 value 1623:1627 additional helpful value 1604:1627 additional helpful value for preventing no communicable diseases 1604:1667 It can be concluded that the roots and tubers studied, in addition to provide nutrients, contain functional compounds that confer additional helpful value for preventing no communicable diseases. 25799690 8 62 theme resistant 1281:1289 arg1 starch 1291:1296 the resistant starch 1277:1296 the resistant starch content 1277:1304 The boiling process decreased the resistant starch content of ocas and maniocs, but when these are stored for 48 h at 5 ° C, the resistant starch content increased. 25799690 9 63 theme FOS 1321:1323 arg1 similar 1349:1355 similar 1349:1355 similar 1349:1355 The FOS content of the ocas was similar for all varieties (7%). 25799690 9 63 theme FOS 1321:1323 arg1 content 1325:1331 The FOS content 1317:1331 The FOS content of the ocas 1317:1343 The FOS content of the ocas was similar for all varieties (7%). 25799690 9 63 theme FOS 1321:1323 arg1 % 1377:1377 7% 1376:1377 7% 1376:1377 The FOS content of the ocas was similar for all varieties (7%). 25799690 4 64 theme compounds 899:907 arg1 amount 879:884 greater amount 871:884 greater amount of bioactive compounds 871:907 The results showed greater amount of bioactive compounds and antiradical activity in the skin of these products. 25799690 4 64 theme compounds 899:907 arg1 compounds 899:907 bioactive compounds 889:907 bioactive compounds 889:907 The results showed greater amount of bioactive compounds and antiradical activity in the skin of these products. 25799690 4 64 theme compounds 899:907 arg1 activity 925:932 antiradical activity 913:932 antiradical activity 913:932 The results showed greater amount of bioactive compounds and antiradical activity in the skin of these products. 25799690 3 65 theme insoluble 588:596 arg1 FOS 623:625 FOS 623:625 FOS 623:625 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 3 65 theme insoluble 588:596 arg1 fructooligosaccharides 599:620 fructooligosaccharides 599:620 fructooligosaccharides (FOS) 599:626 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 8 66 theme boiling 1156:1162 arg1 process 1164:1170 The boiling process 1152:1170 The boiling process 1152:1170 The boiling process decreased the resistant starch content of ocas and maniocs, but when these are stored for 48 h at 5 ° C, the resistant starch content increased. 25799690 8 67 theme starch 1196:1201 arg1 content 1203:1209 the resistant starch content 1182:1209 the resistant starch content of ocas and maniocs 1182:1229 The boiling process decreased the resistant starch content of ocas and maniocs, but when these are stored for 48 h at 5 ° C, the resistant starch content increased. 25799690 3 68 theme Oca 730:732 arg1 Oca 730:732 Oca 730:732 Oca (Oxalis tuberosa) 730:750 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 3 68 theme Oca 730:732 arg1 clones 755:760 4 clones 753:760 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) 753:797 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 3 68 theme Oca 730:732 arg1 Crantz 791:796 Crantz 791:796 Crantz 791:796 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 3 68 theme Oca 730:732 arg1 yacon 803:807 yacon 803:807 yacon 803:807 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 3 68 theme Oca 730:732 arg1 tuberosa 742:749 tuberosa 742:749 tuberosa 742:749 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 3 68 theme Oca 730:732 arg1 manioc 765:770 manioc 765:770 manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) 765:797 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 3 68 theme Oca 730:732 arg1 varieties 717:725 6 varieties 715:725 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa) 715:750 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 4 69 theme greater 871:877 arg1 amount 879:884 greater amount 871:884 greater amount of bioactive compounds 871:907 The results showed greater amount of bioactive compounds and antiradical activity in the skin of these products. 25799690 4 69 theme greater 871:877 arg1 compounds 899:907 bioactive compounds 889:907 bioactive compounds 889:907 The results showed greater amount of bioactive compounds and antiradical activity in the skin of these products. 25799690 11 70 contain contain 1461:1467 arg2 FOS 1469:1471 FOS 1469:1471 FOS 1469:1471 The maniocs did not contain FOS. 25799690 11 70 contain contain 1461:1467 arg1 maniocs 1445:1451 The maniocs 1441:1451 The maniocs 1441:1451 The maniocs did not contain FOS. 25799690 2 71 theme chemical 354:361 arg1 composition 363:373 the chemical composition 350:373 the chemical composition of native foods of the Andean region 350:410 The aim of this work was to determine the chemical composition of native foods of the Andean region and to quantify some functional com-ponents. 25799690 0 72 theme compounds 82:90 arg1 quantification 31:44 quantification 31:44 quantification 31:44 [Chemical characterization and quantification of fructooligosaccharides, phenolic compounds and antiradical activity of Andean roots and tubers grown in Northwest of Argentina]. 25799690 0 72 theme compounds 82:90 arg1 characterization 10:25 [Chemical characterization 0:25 [Chemical characterization 0:25 [Chemical characterization and quantification of fructooligosaccharides, phenolic compounds and antiradical activity of Andean roots and tubers grown in Northwest of Argentina]. 25799690 3 73 theme soluble 576:582 arg1 FOS 623:625 FOS 623:625 FOS 623:625 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 3 73 theme soluble 576:582 arg1 fructooligosaccharides 599:620 fructooligosaccharides 599:620 fructooligosaccharides (FOS) 599:626 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 7 74 contain had 1098:1100 arg1 manioc 1091:1096 The manioc 1087:1096 The manioc 1087:1096 The manioc had higher total starch than Andean roots and tubers. 25799690 7 74 contain had 1098:1100 arg2 starch 1115:1120 higher total starch 1102:1120 higher total starch 1102:1120 The manioc had higher total starch than Andean roots and tubers. 25799690 5 75 located found 989:993 arg2 content 977:983 The highest content 965:983 The highest content 965:983 The highest content was found in the oca peel. 25799690 5 75 located found 989:993 arg1 peel 1006:1009 the oca peel 998:1009 the oca peel 998:1009 The highest content was found in the oca peel. 25799690 9 76 dep similar 1349:1355 arg1 similar 1349:1355 similar 1349:1355 similar 1349:1355 The FOS content of the ocas was similar for all varieties (7%). 25799690 9 76 dep similar 1349:1355 arg1 content 1325:1331 The FOS content 1317:1331 The FOS content of the ocas 1317:1343 The FOS content of the ocas was similar for all varieties (7%). 25799690 9 76 dep similar 1349:1355 arg1 % 1377:1377 7% 1376:1377 7% 1376:1377 The FOS content of the ocas was similar for all varieties (7%). 25799690 3 77 theme varieties 717:725 arg1 FOS 623:625 FOS 623:625 FOS 623:625 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 3 77 theme varieties 717:725 arg1 total 629:633 total 629:633 total 629:633 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 3 77 theme varieties 717:725 arg1 fructooligosaccharides 599:620 fructooligosaccharides 599:620 fructooligosaccharides (FOS) 599:626 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 25799690 3 77 theme varieties 717:725 arg1 starch 649:654 resistant starch 639:654 resistant starch 639:654 Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. 28532002 1 0 theme Nitrogen 173:180 arg1 carbons 221:227 Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons 173:227 Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons (N, P, S@PC) 173:240 Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons (N, P, S@PC) were well dispersed in the chitosan (CS) acid solution, in particular via covalently interaction, which could avoid the aggregation of N, P, S@PC in most solvents. 28532002 5 1 theme excellent 982:990 arg1 activity 1026:1033 excellent conductive and electrocatalytical activity 982:1033 excellent conductive and electrocatalytical activity towards H2O2 982:1046 Due to synergistic effect between PB and N, P, S@PC, the PB/N, P, S@PC-CS/GC electrode exhibited excellent conductive and electrocatalytical activity towards H2O2. 28532002 1 2 theme @ 237:237 arg1 PC 238:239 S@PC 236:239 S@PC 236:239 Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons (N, P, S@PC) were well dispersed in the chitosan (CS) acid solution, in particular via covalently interaction, which could avoid the aggregation of N, P, S@PC in most solvents. 28532002 1 2 theme @ 237:237 arg1 N 230:230 N 230:230 N 230:230 Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons (N, P, S@PC) were well dispersed in the chitosan (CS) acid solution, in particular via covalently interaction, which could avoid the aggregation of N, P, S@PC in most solvents. 28532002 0 3 theme blue 81:84 arg1 electrodeposition 86:102 prussian blue electrodeposition 72:102 prussian blue electrodeposition on nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons-chitosan 72:170 Electrochemical sensor for detection of hydrogen peroxide modified with prussian blue electrodeposition on nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons-chitosan. 28532002 2 4 theme modified 464:471 arg1 electrode 473:481 the modified electrode 460:481 the modified electrode 460:481 Moreover, CS could also avoid N, P, S@PC leakage from the modified electrode. 28532002 4 5 theme peroxide 868:875 arg1 determination 842:854 determination 842:854 determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) 842:882 Results with scanning electron microscopy image, illustrate that PB/N, P, S@PC-CS composite distributes very uniformly on the substrate surface, which is hoped to be very attractive for determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). 28532002 4 6 theme @ 731:731 arg1 PB/N 721:724 PB/N 721:724 PB/N 721:724 Results with scanning electron microscopy image, illustrate that PB/N, P, S@PC-CS composite distributes very uniformly on the substrate surface, which is hoped to be very attractive for determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). 28532002 4 6 theme @ 731:731 arg1 composite 738:746 S@PC-CS composite 730:746 S@PC-CS composite 730:746 Results with scanning electron microscopy image, illustrate that PB/N, P, S@PC-CS composite distributes very uniformly on the substrate surface, which is hoped to be very attractive for determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). 28532002 6 7 theme time 1205:1208 arg1 limit 1164:1168 a low detection limit 1148:1168 a low detection limit of 0.2μM (S/N=3) and fast response time of 2s 1148:1214 Under a low applied potential of -0.174V, H2O2 could be linearly detected from 0.4μM to 2.0mM with a low detection limit of 0.2μM (S/N=3) and fast response time of 2s. 28532002 4 8 theme hydrogen 859:866 arg1 H2O2 878:881 H2O2 878:881 H2O2 878:881 Results with scanning electron microscopy image, illustrate that PB/N, P, S@PC-CS composite distributes very uniformly on the substrate surface, which is hoped to be very attractive for determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). 28532002 4 8 theme hydrogen 859:866 arg1 peroxide 868:875 hydrogen peroxide 859:875 hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) 859:882 Results with scanning electron microscopy image, illustrate that PB/N, P, S@PC-CS composite distributes very uniformly on the substrate surface, which is hoped to be very attractive for determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). 28532002 3 9 theme PC-CS 639:643 arg1 composite 645:653 S@PC-CS composite 637:653 S@PC-CS composite 637:653 A novel electrochemical sensor was then developed through prussian blue (PB) was electrodeposited on the glass carbon (GC) electrode modified with N, P, S@PC-CS composite. 28532002 3 9 theme PC-CS 639:643 arg1 N 631:631 N 631:631 N 631:631 A novel electrochemical sensor was then developed through prussian blue (PB) was electrodeposited on the glass carbon (GC) electrode modified with N, P, S@PC-CS composite. 28532002 3 10 theme glass 589:593 arg1 electrode 607:615 the glass carbon (GC) electrode 585:615 the glass carbon (GC) electrode modified with N, P, S@PC-CS composite 585:653 A novel electrochemical sensor was then developed through prussian blue (PB) was electrodeposited on the glass carbon (GC) electrode modified with N, P, S@PC-CS composite. 28532002 7 11 theme promising 1318:1326 arg1 applications 1328:1339 promising applications 1318:1339 promising applications for real analysis applications of H2O2 1318:1378 These results indicate that the electrochemical sensor prepared with PB/N, P, S@PC- CS composite has promising applications for real analysis applications of H2O2. 28532002 6 12 theme -0.174V 1082:1088 arg1 potential 1069:1077 a low applied potential 1055:1077 a low applied potential of -0.174V 1055:1088 Under a low applied potential of -0.174V, H2O2 could be linearly detected from 0.4μM to 2.0mM with a low detection limit of 0.2μM (S/N=3) and fast response time of 2s. 28532002 3 13 theme carbon 595:600 arg1 electrode 607:615 the glass carbon (GC) electrode 585:615 the glass carbon (GC) electrode modified with N, P, S@PC-CS composite 585:653 A novel electrochemical sensor was then developed through prussian blue (PB) was electrodeposited on the glass carbon (GC) electrode modified with N, P, S@PC-CS composite. 28532002 4 14 theme scanning 669:676 arg1 microscopy 687:696 scanning electron microscopy 669:696 scanning electron microscopy image 669:702 Results with scanning electron microscopy image, illustrate that PB/N, P, S@PC-CS composite distributes very uniformly on the substrate surface, which is hoped to be very attractive for determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). 28532002 1 15 theme S 383:383 arg1 PC 385:386 S@PC 383:386 S@PC 383:386 Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons (N, P, S@PC) were well dispersed in the chitosan (CS) acid solution, in particular via covalently interaction, which could avoid the aggregation of N, P, S@PC in most solvents. 28532002 1 15 theme S 383:383 arg1 N 377:377 N 377:377 N 377:377 Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons (N, P, S@PC) were well dispersed in the chitosan (CS) acid solution, in particular via covalently interaction, which could avoid the aggregation of N, P, S@PC in most solvents. 28532002 1 16 theme phosphorus 183:192 arg1 carbons 221:227 Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons 173:227 Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons (N, P, S@PC) 173:240 Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons (N, P, S@PC) were well dispersed in the chitosan (CS) acid solution, in particular via covalently interaction, which could avoid the aggregation of N, P, S@PC in most solvents. 28532002 5 17 theme synergistic 892:902 arg1 effect 904:909 synergistic effect 892:909 synergistic effect between PB and N, P, S@PC, the PB/N, P 892:948 Due to synergistic effect between PB and N, P, S@PC, the PB/N, P, S@PC-CS/GC electrode exhibited excellent conductive and electrocatalytical activity towards H2O2. 28532002 1 18 theme @ 384:384 arg1 PC 385:386 S@PC 383:386 S@PC 383:386 Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons (N, P, S@PC) were well dispersed in the chitosan (CS) acid solution, in particular via covalently interaction, which could avoid the aggregation of N, P, S@PC in most solvents. 28532002 1 18 theme @ 384:384 arg1 N 377:377 N 377:377 N 377:377 Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons (N, P, S@PC) were well dispersed in the chitosan (CS) acid solution, in particular via covalently interaction, which could avoid the aggregation of N, P, S@PC in most solvents. 28532002 5 19 theme @ 952:952 arg1 electrode 962:970 S@PC-CS/GC electrode 951:970 S@PC-CS/GC electrode 951:970 Due to synergistic effect between PB and N, P, S@PC, the PB/N, P, S@PC-CS/GC electrode exhibited excellent conductive and electrocatalytical activity towards H2O2. 28532002 5 20 theme conductive 992:1001 arg1 activity 1026:1033 excellent conductive and electrocatalytical activity 982:1033 excellent conductive and electrocatalytical activity towards H2O2 982:1046 Due to synergistic effect between PB and N, P, S@PC, the PB/N, P, S@PC-CS/GC electrode exhibited excellent conductive and electrocatalytical activity towards H2O2. 28532002 1 21 from aggregation 362:372 arg1 solvents 396:403 most solvents 391:403 most solvents 391:403 Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons (N, P, S@PC) were well dispersed in the chitosan (CS) acid solution, in particular via covalently interaction, which could avoid the aggregation of N, P, S@PC in most solvents. 28532002 4 22 theme microscopy 687:696 arg1 image 698:702 scanning electron microscopy image 669:702 scanning electron microscopy image 669:702 Results with scanning electron microscopy image, illustrate that PB/N, P, S@PC-CS composite distributes very uniformly on the substrate surface, which is hoped to be very attractive for determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). 28532002 4 23 theme substrate 782:790 arg1 attractive 827:836 attractive 827:836 attractive 827:836 Results with scanning electron microscopy image, illustrate that PB/N, P, S@PC-CS composite distributes very uniformly on the substrate surface, which is hoped to be very attractive for determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). 28532002 4 23 theme substrate 782:790 arg1 surface 792:798 the substrate surface 778:798 the substrate surface 778:798 Results with scanning electron microscopy image, illustrate that PB/N, P, S@PC-CS composite distributes very uniformly on the substrate surface, which is hoped to be very attractive for determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). 28532002 7 24 contain has 1314:1316 arg2 applications 1328:1339 promising applications 1318:1339 promising applications for real analysis applications of H2O2 1318:1378 These results indicate that the electrochemical sensor prepared with PB/N, P, S@PC- CS composite has promising applications for real analysis applications of H2O2. 28532002 7 24 contain has 1314:1316 arg1 sensor 1265:1270 the electrochemical sensor 1245:1270 the electrochemical sensor prepared with PB/N, P, S@PC- CS composite 1245:1312 These results indicate that the electrochemical sensor prepared with PB/N, P, S@PC- CS composite has promising applications for real analysis applications of H2O2. 28532002 7 25 theme H2O2 1375:1378 arg1 applications 1359:1370 real analysis applications 1345:1370 real analysis applications of H2O2 1345:1378 These results indicate that the electrochemical sensor prepared with PB/N, P, S@PC- CS composite has promising applications for real analysis applications of H2O2. 28532002 1 26 theme sulfur 198:203 arg1 carbons 221:227 Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons 173:227 Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons (N, P, S@PC) 173:240 Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons (N, P, S@PC) were well dispersed in the chitosan (CS) acid solution, in particular via covalently interaction, which could avoid the aggregation of N, P, S@PC in most solvents. 28532002 0 27 theme Electrochemical 0:14 arg1 sensor 16:21 Electrochemical sensor 0:21 Electrochemical sensor for detection of hydrogen peroxide 0:56 Electrochemical sensor for detection of hydrogen peroxide modified with prussian blue electrodeposition on nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons-chitosan. 28532002 5 28 theme @ 933:933 arg1 PC 934:935 S@PC 932:935 S@PC 932:935 Due to synergistic effect between PB and N, P, S@PC, the PB/N, P, S@PC-CS/GC electrode exhibited excellent conductive and electrocatalytical activity towards H2O2. 28532002 5 28 theme @ 933:933 arg1 N 926:926 N 926:926 N 926:926 Due to synergistic effect between PB and N, P, S@PC, the PB/N, P, S@PC-CS/GC electrode exhibited excellent conductive and electrocatalytical activity towards H2O2. 28532002 4 29 theme electron 678:685 arg1 microscopy 687:696 scanning electron microscopy 669:696 scanning electron microscopy image 669:702 Results with scanning electron microscopy image, illustrate that PB/N, P, S@PC-CS composite distributes very uniformly on the substrate surface, which is hoped to be very attractive for determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). 28532002 7 30 theme analysis 1350:1357 arg1 applications 1359:1370 real analysis applications 1345:1370 real analysis applications of H2O2 1345:1378 These results indicate that the electrochemical sensor prepared with PB/N, P, S@PC- CS composite has promising applications for real analysis applications of H2O2. 28532002 1 31 theme co-doped 205:212 arg1 carbons 221:227 Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons 173:227 Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons (N, P, S@PC) 173:240 Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons (N, P, S@PC) were well dispersed in the chitosan (CS) acid solution, in particular via covalently interaction, which could avoid the aggregation of N, P, S@PC in most solvents. 28532002 6 32 theme detection 1154:1162 arg1 limit 1164:1168 a low detection limit 1148:1168 a low detection limit of 0.2μM (S/N=3) and fast response time of 2s 1148:1214 Under a low applied potential of -0.174V, H2O2 could be linearly detected from 0.4μM to 2.0mM with a low detection limit of 0.2μM (S/N=3) and fast response time of 2s. 28532002 0 33 theme sulfur 132:137 arg1 carbons-chitosan 155:170 sulfur co-doped porous carbons-chitosan 132:170 sulfur co-doped porous carbons-chitosan 132:170 Electrochemical sensor for detection of hydrogen peroxide modified with prussian blue electrodeposition on nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons-chitosan. 28532002 1 34 theme most 391:394 arg1 solvents 396:403 most solvents 391:403 most solvents 391:403 Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons (N, P, S@PC) were well dispersed in the chitosan (CS) acid solution, in particular via covalently interaction, which could avoid the aggregation of N, P, S@PC in most solvents. 28532002 1 35 theme porous 214:219 arg1 carbons 221:227 Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons 173:227 Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons (N, P, S@PC) 173:240 Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons (N, P, S@PC) were well dispersed in the chitosan (CS) acid solution, in particular via covalently interaction, which could avoid the aggregation of N, P, S@PC in most solvents. 28532002 6 36 theme low 1150:1152 arg1 limit 1164:1168 a low detection limit 1148:1168 a low detection limit of 0.2μM (S/N=3) and fast response time of 2s 1148:1214 Under a low applied potential of -0.174V, H2O2 could be linearly detected from 0.4μM to 2.0mM with a low detection limit of 0.2μM (S/N=3) and fast response time of 2s. 28532002 2 37 from electrode 473:481 arg1 N 436:436 N 436:436 N 436:436 Moreover, CS could also avoid N, P, S@PC leakage from the modified electrode. 28532002 2 37 from electrode 473:481 arg1 leakage 447:453 S@PC leakage 442:453 S@PC leakage from the modified electrode 442:481 Moreover, CS could also avoid N, P, S@PC leakage from the modified electrode. 28532002 4 38 theme S 730:730 arg1 PB/N 721:724 PB/N 721:724 PB/N 721:724 Results with scanning electron microscopy image, illustrate that PB/N, P, S@PC-CS composite distributes very uniformly on the substrate surface, which is hoped to be very attractive for determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). 28532002 4 38 theme S 730:730 arg1 composite 738:746 S@PC-CS composite 730:746 S@PC-CS composite 730:746 Results with scanning electron microscopy image, illustrate that PB/N, P, S@PC-CS composite distributes very uniformly on the substrate surface, which is hoped to be very attractive for determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). 28532002 0 39 from electrodeposition 86:102 arg1 nitrogen 107:114 nitrogen 107:114 nitrogen 107:114 Electrochemical sensor for detection of hydrogen peroxide modified with prussian blue electrodeposition on nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons-chitosan. 28532002 0 39 from electrodeposition 86:102 arg1 carbons-chitosan 155:170 sulfur co-doped porous carbons-chitosan 132:170 sulfur co-doped porous carbons-chitosan 132:170 Electrochemical sensor for detection of hydrogen peroxide modified with prussian blue electrodeposition on nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons-chitosan. 28532002 0 39 from electrodeposition 86:102 arg1 phosphorus 117:126 phosphorus 117:126 phosphorus 117:126 Electrochemical sensor for detection of hydrogen peroxide modified with prussian blue electrodeposition on nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons-chitosan. 28532002 6 40 theme 2s 1213:1214 arg1 S/N=3 1180:1184 S/N=3 1180:1184 S/N=3 1180:1184 Under a low applied potential of -0.174V, H2O2 could be linearly detected from 0.4μM to 2.0mM with a low detection limit of 0.2μM (S/N=3) and fast response time of 2s. 28532002 6 40 theme 2s 1213:1214 arg1 0.2μM 1173:1177 0.2μM 1173:1177 0.2μM (S/N=3) 1173:1185 Under a low applied potential of -0.174V, H2O2 could be linearly detected from 0.4μM to 2.0mM with a low detection limit of 0.2μM (S/N=3) and fast response time of 2s. 28532002 6 40 theme 2s 1213:1214 arg1 time 1205:1208 fast response time 1191:1208 fast response time of 2s 1191:1214 Under a low applied potential of -0.174V, H2O2 could be linearly detected from 0.4μM to 2.0mM with a low detection limit of 0.2μM (S/N=3) and fast response time of 2s. 28532002 0 41 theme hydrogen 40:47 arg1 peroxide 49:56 hydrogen peroxide 40:56 hydrogen peroxide 40:56 Electrochemical sensor for detection of hydrogen peroxide modified with prussian blue electrodeposition on nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons-chitosan. 28532002 3 42 theme GC 603:604 arg1 electrode 607:615 the glass carbon (GC) electrode 585:615 the glass carbon (GC) electrode modified with N, P, S@PC-CS composite 585:653 A novel electrochemical sensor was then developed through prussian blue (PB) was electrodeposited on the glass carbon (GC) electrode modified with N, P, S@PC-CS composite. 28532002 0 43 theme porous 148:153 arg1 carbons-chitosan 155:170 sulfur co-doped porous carbons-chitosan 132:170 sulfur co-doped porous carbons-chitosan 132:170 Electrochemical sensor for detection of hydrogen peroxide modified with prussian blue electrodeposition on nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons-chitosan. 28532002 5 44 theme S 951:951 arg1 electrode 962:970 S@PC-CS/GC electrode 951:970 S@PC-CS/GC electrode 951:970 Due to synergistic effect between PB and N, P, S@PC, the PB/N, P, S@PC-CS/GC electrode exhibited excellent conductive and electrocatalytical activity towards H2O2. 28532002 4 45 theme PC-CS 732:736 arg1 PB/N 721:724 PB/N 721:724 PB/N 721:724 Results with scanning electron microscopy image, illustrate that PB/N, P, S@PC-CS composite distributes very uniformly on the substrate surface, which is hoped to be very attractive for determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). 28532002 4 45 theme PC-CS 732:736 arg1 composite 738:746 S@PC-CS composite 730:746 S@PC-CS composite 730:746 Results with scanning electron microscopy image, illustrate that PB/N, P, S@PC-CS composite distributes very uniformly on the substrate surface, which is hoped to be very attractive for determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). 28532002 7 46 theme real 1345:1348 arg1 applications 1359:1370 real analysis applications 1345:1370 real analysis applications of H2O2 1345:1378 These results indicate that the electrochemical sensor prepared with PB/N, P, S@PC- CS composite has promising applications for real analysis applications of H2O2. 28532002 6 47 theme 0.2μM 1173:1177 arg1 limit 1164:1168 a low detection limit 1148:1168 a low detection limit of 0.2μM (S/N=3) and fast response time of 2s 1148:1214 Under a low applied potential of -0.174V, H2O2 could be linearly detected from 0.4μM to 2.0mM with a low detection limit of 0.2μM (S/N=3) and fast response time of 2s. 28532002 1 48 theme chitosan 269:276 arg1 solution 288:295 the chitosan (CS) acid solution 265:295 the chitosan (CS) acid solution 265:295 Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons (N, P, S@PC) were well dispersed in the chitosan (CS) acid solution, in particular via covalently interaction, which could avoid the aggregation of N, P, S@PC in most solvents. 28532002 0 49 theme co-doped 139:146 arg1 carbons-chitosan 155:170 sulfur co-doped porous carbons-chitosan 132:170 sulfur co-doped porous carbons-chitosan 132:170 Electrochemical sensor for detection of hydrogen peroxide modified with prussian blue electrodeposition on nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons-chitosan. 28532002 7 50 theme @ 1296:1296 arg1 PB/N 1286:1289 PB/N 1286:1289 PB/N 1286:1289 These results indicate that the electrochemical sensor prepared with PB/N, P, S@PC- CS composite has promising applications for real analysis applications of H2O2. 28532002 7 50 theme @ 1296:1296 arg1 composite 1304:1312 S@PC- CS composite 1295:1312 S@PC- CS composite 1295:1312 These results indicate that the electrochemical sensor prepared with PB/N, P, S@PC- CS composite has promising applications for real analysis applications of H2O2. 28532002 7 51 theme PC- 1297:1299 arg1 PB/N 1286:1289 PB/N 1286:1289 PB/N 1286:1289 These results indicate that the electrochemical sensor prepared with PB/N, P, S@PC- CS composite has promising applications for real analysis applications of H2O2. 28532002 7 51 theme PC- 1297:1299 arg1 composite 1304:1312 S@PC- CS composite 1295:1312 S@PC- CS composite 1295:1312 These results indicate that the electrochemical sensor prepared with PB/N, P, S@PC- CS composite has promising applications for real analysis applications of H2O2. 28532002 6 52 theme low 1057:1059 arg1 potential 1069:1077 a low applied potential 1055:1077 a low applied potential of -0.174V 1055:1088 Under a low applied potential of -0.174V, H2O2 could be linearly detected from 0.4μM to 2.0mM with a low detection limit of 0.2μM (S/N=3) and fast response time of 2s. 28532002 0 53 theme peroxide 49:56 arg1 detection 27:35 detection 27:35 detection of hydrogen peroxide 27:56 Electrochemical sensor for detection of hydrogen peroxide modified with prussian blue electrodeposition on nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons-chitosan. 28532002 7 54 theme S 1295:1295 arg1 PB/N 1286:1289 PB/N 1286:1289 PB/N 1286:1289 These results indicate that the electrochemical sensor prepared with PB/N, P, S@PC- CS composite has promising applications for real analysis applications of H2O2. 28532002 7 54 theme S 1295:1295 arg1 composite 1304:1312 S@PC- CS composite 1295:1312 S@PC- CS composite 1295:1312 These results indicate that the electrochemical sensor prepared with PB/N, P, S@PC- CS composite has promising applications for real analysis applications of H2O2. 28532002 2 55 theme PC 444:445 arg1 N 436:436 N 436:436 N 436:436 Moreover, CS could also avoid N, P, S@PC leakage from the modified electrode. 28532002 2 55 theme PC 444:445 arg1 leakage 447:453 S@PC leakage 442:453 S@PC leakage from the modified electrode 442:481 Moreover, CS could also avoid N, P, S@PC leakage from the modified electrode. 28532002 3 56 theme blue 551:554 arg1 prussian 542:549 prussian blue 542:554 prussian blue (PB) was electrodeposited on the glass carbon (GC) electrode modified with N, P, S@PC-CS composite 542:653 A novel electrochemical sensor was then developed through prussian blue (PB) was electrodeposited on the glass carbon (GC) electrode modified with N, P, S@PC-CS composite. 28532002 3 56 theme blue 551:554 arg1 PB 557:558 PB 557:558 PB 557:558 A novel electrochemical sensor was then developed through prussian blue (PB) was electrodeposited on the glass carbon (GC) electrode modified with N, P, S@PC-CS composite. 28532002 5 57 theme electrocatalytical 1007:1024 arg1 activity 1026:1033 excellent conductive and electrocatalytical activity 982:1033 excellent conductive and electrocatalytical activity towards H2O2 982:1046 Due to synergistic effect between PB and N, P, S@PC, the PB/N, P, S@PC-CS/GC electrode exhibited excellent conductive and electrocatalytical activity towards H2O2. 28532002 5 58 theme S 932:932 arg1 PC 934:935 S@PC 932:935 S@PC 932:935 Due to synergistic effect between PB and N, P, S@PC, the PB/N, P, S@PC-CS/GC electrode exhibited excellent conductive and electrocatalytical activity towards H2O2. 28532002 5 58 theme S 932:932 arg1 N 926:926 N 926:926 N 926:926 Due to synergistic effect between PB and N, P, S@PC, the PB/N, P, S@PC-CS/GC electrode exhibited excellent conductive and electrocatalytical activity towards H2O2. 28532002 2 59 theme @ 443:443 arg1 N 436:436 N 436:436 N 436:436 Moreover, CS could also avoid N, P, S@PC leakage from the modified electrode. 28532002 2 59 theme @ 443:443 arg1 leakage 447:453 S@PC leakage 442:453 S@PC leakage from the modified electrode 442:481 Moreover, CS could also avoid N, P, S@PC leakage from the modified electrode. 28532002 6 60 with 2.0mM 1137:1141 arg1 limit 1164:1168 a low detection limit 1148:1168 a low detection limit of 0.2μM (S/N=3) and fast response time of 2s 1148:1214 Under a low applied potential of -0.174V, H2O2 could be linearly detected from 0.4μM to 2.0mM with a low detection limit of 0.2μM (S/N=3) and fast response time of 2s. 28532002 3 61 theme novel 486:490 arg1 sensor 508:513 A novel electrochemical sensor 484:513 A novel electrochemical sensor 484:513 A novel electrochemical sensor was then developed through prussian blue (PB) was electrodeposited on the glass carbon (GC) electrode modified with N, P, S@PC-CS composite. 28532002 6 62 theme applied 1061:1067 arg1 potential 1069:1077 a low applied potential 1055:1077 a low applied potential of -0.174V 1055:1088 Under a low applied potential of -0.174V, H2O2 could be linearly detected from 0.4μM to 2.0mM with a low detection limit of 0.2μM (S/N=3) and fast response time of 2s. 28532002 6 63 theme response 1196:1203 arg1 time 1205:1208 fast response time 1191:1208 fast response time of 2s 1191:1214 Under a low applied potential of -0.174V, H2O2 could be linearly detected from 0.4μM to 2.0mM with a low detection limit of 0.2μM (S/N=3) and fast response time of 2s. 28532002 3 64 theme S 637:637 arg1 composite 645:653 S@PC-CS composite 637:653 S@PC-CS composite 637:653 A novel electrochemical sensor was then developed through prussian blue (PB) was electrodeposited on the glass carbon (GC) electrode modified with N, P, S@PC-CS composite. 28532002 3 64 theme S 637:637 arg1 N 631:631 N 631:631 N 631:631 A novel electrochemical sensor was then developed through prussian blue (PB) was electrodeposited on the glass carbon (GC) electrode modified with N, P, S@PC-CS composite. 28532002 2 65 theme S 442:442 arg1 N 436:436 N 436:436 N 436:436 Moreover, CS could also avoid N, P, S@PC leakage from the modified electrode. 28532002 2 65 theme S 442:442 arg1 leakage 447:453 S@PC leakage 442:453 S@PC leakage from the modified electrode 442:481 Moreover, CS could also avoid N, P, S@PC leakage from the modified electrode. 28532002 3 66 theme electrochemical 492:506 arg1 sensor 508:513 A novel electrochemical sensor 484:513 A novel electrochemical sensor 484:513 A novel electrochemical sensor was then developed through prussian blue (PB) was electrodeposited on the glass carbon (GC) electrode modified with N, P, S@PC-CS composite. 28532002 7 67 theme CS 1301:1302 arg1 PB/N 1286:1289 PB/N 1286:1289 PB/N 1286:1289 These results indicate that the electrochemical sensor prepared with PB/N, P, S@PC- CS composite has promising applications for real analysis applications of H2O2. 28532002 7 67 theme CS 1301:1302 arg1 composite 1304:1312 S@PC- CS composite 1295:1312 S@PC- CS composite 1295:1312 These results indicate that the electrochemical sensor prepared with PB/N, P, S@PC- CS composite has promising applications for real analysis applications of H2O2. 28532002 6 68 theme fast 1191:1194 arg1 time 1205:1208 fast response time 1191:1208 fast response time of 2s 1191:1214 Under a low applied potential of -0.174V, H2O2 could be linearly detected from 0.4μM to 2.0mM with a low detection limit of 0.2μM (S/N=3) and fast response time of 2s. 28532002 3 69 theme @ 638:638 arg1 composite 645:653 S@PC-CS composite 637:653 S@PC-CS composite 637:653 A novel electrochemical sensor was then developed through prussian blue (PB) was electrodeposited on the glass carbon (GC) electrode modified with N, P, S@PC-CS composite. 28532002 3 69 theme @ 638:638 arg1 N 631:631 N 631:631 N 631:631 A novel electrochemical sensor was then developed through prussian blue (PB) was electrodeposited on the glass carbon (GC) electrode modified with N, P, S@PC-CS composite. 28532002 0 70 theme prussian 72:79 arg1 electrodeposition 86:102 prussian blue electrodeposition 72:102 prussian blue electrodeposition on nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons-chitosan 72:170 Electrochemical sensor for detection of hydrogen peroxide modified with prussian blue electrodeposition on nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons-chitosan. 28532002 1 71 theme N 377:377 arg1 aggregation 362:372 the aggregation 358:372 the aggregation of N, P, S@PC in most solvents 358:403 Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons (N, P, S@PC) were well dispersed in the chitosan (CS) acid solution, in particular via covalently interaction, which could avoid the aggregation of N, P, S@PC in most solvents. 28532002 5 72 theme PC-CS/GC 953:960 arg1 electrode 962:970 S@PC-CS/GC electrode 951:970 S@PC-CS/GC electrode 951:970 Due to synergistic effect between PB and N, P, S@PC, the PB/N, P, S@PC-CS/GC electrode exhibited excellent conductive and electrocatalytical activity towards H2O2. 28532002 7 73 theme electrochemical 1249:1263 arg1 sensor 1265:1270 the electrochemical sensor 1245:1270 the electrochemical sensor prepared with PB/N, P, S@PC- CS composite 1245:1312 These results indicate that the electrochemical sensor prepared with PB/N, P, S@PC- CS composite has promising applications for real analysis applications of H2O2. 28532002 1 74 theme acid 283:286 arg1 solution 288:295 the chitosan (CS) acid solution 265:295 the chitosan (CS) acid solution 265:295 Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons (N, P, S@PC) were well dispersed in the chitosan (CS) acid solution, in particular via covalently interaction, which could avoid the aggregation of N, P, S@PC in most solvents. 28532002 1 75 dep carbons 221:227 arg1 PC 238:239 S@PC 236:239 S@PC 236:239 Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons (N, P, S@PC) were well dispersed in the chitosan (CS) acid solution, in particular via covalently interaction, which could avoid the aggregation of N, P, S@PC in most solvents. 28532002 1 75 dep carbons 221:227 arg1 P 233:233 P 233:233 P 233:233 Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons (N, P, S@PC) were well dispersed in the chitosan (CS) acid solution, in particular via covalently interaction, which could avoid the aggregation of N, P, S@PC in most solvents. 28532002 1 75 dep carbons 221:227 arg1 N 230:230 N 230:230 N 230:230 Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons (N, P, S@PC) were well dispersed in the chitosan (CS) acid solution, in particular via covalently interaction, which could avoid the aggregation of N, P, S@PC in most solvents. 28532002 4 76 with Results 656:662 arg1 image 698:702 scanning electron microscopy image 669:702 scanning electron microscopy image 669:702 Results with scanning electron microscopy image, illustrate that PB/N, P, S@PC-CS composite distributes very uniformly on the substrate surface, which is hoped to be very attractive for determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). 28532002 1 77 theme S 236:236 arg1 PC 238:239 S@PC 236:239 S@PC 236:239 Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons (N, P, S@PC) were well dispersed in the chitosan (CS) acid solution, in particular via covalently interaction, which could avoid the aggregation of N, P, S@PC in most solvents. 28532002 1 77 theme S 236:236 arg1 N 230:230 N 230:230 N 230:230 Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons (N, P, S@PC) were well dispersed in the chitosan (CS) acid solution, in particular via covalently interaction, which could avoid the aggregation of N, P, S@PC in most solvents. 27808176 0 0 theme human 98:102 arg1 cells 124:128 human bone marrow stromal cells 98:128 human bone marrow stromal cells 98:128 Sulfated hyaluronan alters fibronectin matrix assembly and promotes osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells. 27808176 9 1 theme only 1202:1205 arg1 sHA1 1207:1210 only sHA1 1202:1210 only sHA1 1202:1210 Further, only sHA1 had a pro-osteogenic effect and enhanced the activity of tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase. 27808176 2 2 theme fibrillary 346:355 arg1 network 357:363 a unique fibrillary network 337:363 a unique fibrillary network 337:363 Fibronectin (FN) which is in many tissues the most abundant ECM protein forms a unique fibrillary network. 27808176 10 3 theme pro-osteogenic 1452:1465 arg1 effect 1467:1472 the pro-osteogenic effect 1448:1472 the pro-osteogenic effect of sHA1 on hBMSC 1448:1489 We hypothesize that the sHA1-triggered change in FN assembly influences the entire ECM network and could be the underlying mechanism for the pro-osteogenic effect of sHA1 on hBMSC. 27808176 4 4 theme hyaluronan 560:569 arg1 derivatives 571:581 Synthetically sulfated hyaluronan derivatives 537:581 Synthetically sulfated hyaluronan derivatives (sHA) 537:587 Synthetically sulfated hyaluronan derivatives (sHA) can serve as model molecules with a well characterized sulfation pattern to study sGAG-FN interaction. 27808176 4 4 theme hyaluronan 560:569 arg1 molecules 608:616 model molecules 602:616 model molecules with a well characterized sulfation pattern 602:660 Synthetically sulfated hyaluronan derivatives (sHA) can serve as model molecules with a well characterized sulfation pattern to study sGAG-FN interaction. 27808176 4 4 theme hyaluronan 560:569 arg1 sHA 584:586 sHA 584:586 sHA 584:586 Synthetically sulfated hyaluronan derivatives (sHA) can serve as model molecules with a well characterized sulfation pattern to study sGAG-FN interaction. 27808176 6 5 theme non-sulfated 851:862 arg1 HA 864:865 non-sulfated HA 851:865 non-sulfated HA 851:865 The interaction of FN fibrils with sHA1 and Hep, but not with non-sulfated HA was visualized by immunofluorescent co-staining. 27808176 2 6 from protein 323:329 arg1 tissues 293:299 many tissues 288:299 many tissues 288:299 Fibronectin (FN) which is in many tissues the most abundant ECM protein forms a unique fibrillary network. 27808176 2 7 theme unique 339:344 arg1 network 357:363 a unique fibrillary network 337:363 a unique fibrillary network 337:363 Fibronectin (FN) which is in many tissues the most abundant ECM protein forms a unique fibrillary network. 27808176 4 8 theme sulfated 551:558 arg1 derivatives 571:581 Synthetically sulfated hyaluronan derivatives 537:581 Synthetically sulfated hyaluronan derivatives (sHA) 537:587 Synthetically sulfated hyaluronan derivatives (sHA) can serve as model molecules with a well characterized sulfation pattern to study sGAG-FN interaction. 27808176 4 8 theme sulfated 551:558 arg1 molecules 608:616 model molecules 602:616 model molecules with a well characterized sulfation pattern 602:660 Synthetically sulfated hyaluronan derivatives (sHA) can serve as model molecules with a well characterized sulfation pattern to study sGAG-FN interaction. 27808176 4 8 theme sulfated 551:558 arg1 sHA 584:586 sHA 584:586 sHA 584:586 Synthetically sulfated hyaluronan derivatives (sHA) can serve as model molecules with a well characterized sulfation pattern to study sGAG-FN interaction. 27808176 0 9 theme marrow 109:114 arg1 cells 124:128 human bone marrow stromal cells 98:128 human bone marrow stromal cells 98:128 Sulfated hyaluronan alters fibronectin matrix assembly and promotes osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells. 27808176 3 10 theme binding 383:389 arg1 sites 391:395 several binding sites 375:395 several binding sites for sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG), such as heparin (Hep), which was previously shown to influence FN conformation and protein binding 375:534 FN homes several binding sites for sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG), such as heparin (Hep), which was previously shown to influence FN conformation and protein binding. 27808176 2 11 theme many 288:291 arg1 tissues 293:299 many tissues 288:299 many tissues 288:299 Fibronectin (FN) which is in many tissues the most abundant ECM protein forms a unique fibrillary network. 27808176 0 12 theme bone 104:107 arg1 cells 124:128 human bone marrow stromal cells 98:128 human bone marrow stromal cells 98:128 Sulfated hyaluronan alters fibronectin matrix assembly and promotes osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells. 27808176 10 13 theme FN 1360:1361 arg1 assembly 1363:1370 FN assembly 1360:1370 FN assembly 1360:1370 We hypothesize that the sHA1-triggered change in FN assembly influences the entire ECM network and could be the underlying mechanism for the pro-osteogenic effect of sHA1 on hBMSC. 27808176 4 14 theme sGAG-FN 671:677 arg1 interaction 679:689 sGAG-FN interaction 671:689 sGAG-FN interaction 671:689 Synthetically sulfated hyaluronan derivatives (sHA) can serve as model molecules with a well characterized sulfation pattern to study sGAG-FN interaction. 27808176 9 15 contain had 1212:1214 arg1 sHA1 1207:1210 only sHA1 1202:1210 only sHA1 1202:1210 Further, only sHA1 had a pro-osteogenic effect and enhanced the activity of tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase. 27808176 9 15 contain had 1212:1214 arg2 effect 1233:1238 a pro-osteogenic effect 1216:1238 a pro-osteogenic effect 1216:1238 Further, only sHA1 had a pro-osteogenic effect and enhanced the activity of tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase. 27808176 0 16 theme cells 124:128 arg1 differentiation 79:93 osteogenic differentiation 68:93 osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells 68:128 Sulfated hyaluronan alters fibronectin matrix assembly and promotes osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells. 27808176 9 17 theme pro-osteogenic 1218:1231 arg1 effect 1233:1238 a pro-osteogenic effect 1216:1238 a pro-osteogenic effect 1216:1238 Further, only sHA1 had a pro-osteogenic effect and enhanced the activity of tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase. 27808176 7 18 theme FRET 916:919 arg1 analysis 921:928 FRET analysis 916:928 FRET analysis of FN 916:934 FRET analysis of FN confirmed the presence of more extended fibrils in human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC)-derived ECM in response to sHA1 and Hep. 27808176 1 19 theme structural 174:183 arg1 integrity 185:193 structural integrity 174:193 structural integrity 174:193 Extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and structural integrity is one of many factors that influence cellular differentiation. 27808176 0 20 theme stromal 116:122 arg1 cells 124:128 human bone marrow stromal cells 98:128 human bone marrow stromal cells 98:128 Sulfated hyaluronan alters fibronectin matrix assembly and promotes osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells. 27808176 3 21 theme FN 500:501 arg1 conformation 503:514 FN conformation 500:514 FN conformation 500:514 FN homes several binding sites for sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG), such as heparin (Hep), which was previously shown to influence FN conformation and protein binding. 27808176 7 22 link -derived 1026:1033 arg1 ECM 1035:1037 human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC)-derived ECM 987:1037 human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC)-derived ECM 987:1037 FRET analysis of FN confirmed the presence of more extended fibrils in human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC)-derived ECM in response to sHA1 and Hep. 27808176 3 23 theme several 375:381 arg1 sites 391:395 several binding sites 375:395 several binding sites for sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG), such as heparin (Hep), which was previously shown to influence FN conformation and protein binding 375:534 FN homes several binding sites for sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG), such as heparin (Hep), which was previously shown to influence FN conformation and protein binding. 27808176 10 24 theme ECM 1394:1396 arg1 network 1398:1404 the entire ECM network 1383:1404 the entire ECM network 1383:1404 We hypothesize that the sHA1-triggered change in FN assembly influences the entire ECM network and could be the underlying mechanism for the pro-osteogenic effect of sHA1 on hBMSC. 27808176 2 25 theme abundant 310:317 arg1 protein 323:329 the most abundant ECM protein 301:329 the most abundant ECM protein 301:329 Fibronectin (FN) which is in many tissues the most abundant ECM protein forms a unique fibrillary network. 27808176 2 25 theme abundant 310:317 arg1 Fibronectin 259:269 Fibronectin 259:269 Fibronectin (FN) which is in many tissues the most abundant ECM protein 259:329 Fibronectin (FN) which is in many tissues the most abundant ECM protein forms a unique fibrillary network. 27808176 4 26 theme sulfation 644:652 arg1 pattern 654:660 a well characterized sulfation pattern 623:660 a well characterized sulfation pattern 623:660 Synthetically sulfated hyaluronan derivatives (sHA) can serve as model molecules with a well characterized sulfation pattern to study sGAG-FN interaction. 27808176 0 27 theme Sulfated 0:7 arg1 hyaluronan 9:18 Sulfated hyaluronan 0:18 Sulfated hyaluronan 0:18 Sulfated hyaluronan alters fibronectin matrix assembly and promotes osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells. 27808176 7 28 theme -derived 1026:1033 arg1 ECM 1035:1037 human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC)-derived ECM 987:1037 human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC)-derived ECM 987:1037 FRET analysis of FN confirmed the presence of more extended fibrils in human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC)-derived ECM in response to sHA1 and Hep. 27808176 10 29 theme sHA1-triggered 1335:1348 arg1 change 1350:1355 the sHA1-triggered change 1331:1355 the sHA1-triggered change in FN assembly 1331:1370 We hypothesize that the sHA1-triggered change in FN assembly influences the entire ECM network and could be the underlying mechanism for the pro-osteogenic effect of sHA1 on hBMSC. 27808176 8 30 theme thinner 1176:1182 arg1 fibrils 1184:1190 thinner fibrils 1176:1190 thinner fibrils 1176:1190 Although both sHA1 and Hep affected FN conformation, exclusively sHA1 increased FN protein level and led to thinner fibrils. 27808176 4 31 theme characterized 630:642 arg1 pattern 654:660 a well characterized sulfation pattern 623:660 a well characterized sulfation pattern 623:660 Synthetically sulfated hyaluronan derivatives (sHA) can serve as model molecules with a well characterized sulfation pattern to study sGAG-FN interaction. 27808176 0 32 theme fibronectin 27:37 arg1 assembly 46:53 fibronectin matrix assembly 27:53 fibronectin matrix assembly 27:53 Sulfated hyaluronan alters fibronectin matrix assembly and promotes osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells. 27808176 5 33 theme fibril 772:777 arg1 assembly 779:786 fibril assembly 772:786 fibril assembly 772:786 Here is shown that the low-sulfated sHA (sHA1) interacts with FN and influences fibril assembly. 27808176 10 34 theme underlying 1423:1432 arg1 mechanism 1434:1442 the underlying mechanism 1419:1442 the underlying mechanism for the pro-osteogenic effect of sHA1 on hBMSC 1419:1489 We hypothesize that the sHA1-triggered change in FN assembly influences the entire ECM network and could be the underlying mechanism for the pro-osteogenic effect of sHA1 on hBMSC. 27808176 3 35 theme protein 520:526 arg1 binding 528:534 protein binding 520:534 protein binding 520:534 FN homes several binding sites for sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG), such as heparin (Hep), which was previously shown to influence FN conformation and protein binding. 27808176 10 36 theme entire 1387:1392 arg1 network 1398:1404 the entire ECM network 1383:1404 the entire ECM network 1383:1404 We hypothesize that the sHA1-triggered change in FN assembly influences the entire ECM network and could be the underlying mechanism for the pro-osteogenic effect of sHA1 on hBMSC. 27808176 4 37 theme model 602:606 arg1 molecules 608:616 model molecules 602:616 model molecules with a well characterized sulfation pattern 602:660 Synthetically sulfated hyaluronan derivatives (sHA) can serve as model molecules with a well characterized sulfation pattern to study sGAG-FN interaction. 27808176 4 37 theme model 602:606 arg1 derivatives 571:581 Synthetically sulfated hyaluronan derivatives 537:581 Synthetically sulfated hyaluronan derivatives (sHA) 537:587 Synthetically sulfated hyaluronan derivatives (sHA) can serve as model molecules with a well characterized sulfation pattern to study sGAG-FN interaction. 27808176 10 38 theme sHA1 1477:1480 arg1 effect 1467:1472 the pro-osteogenic effect 1448:1472 the pro-osteogenic effect of sHA1 on hBMSC 1448:1489 We hypothesize that the sHA1-triggered change in FN assembly influences the entire ECM network and could be the underlying mechanism for the pro-osteogenic effect of sHA1 on hBMSC. 27808176 1 39 theme many 205:208 arg1 factors 210:216 many factors 205:216 many factors that influence cellular differentiation 205:256 Extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and structural integrity is one of many factors that influence cellular differentiation. 27808176 3 40 theme sulfated 401:408 arg1 heparin 445:451 heparin 445:451 heparin (Hep) 445:457 FN homes several binding sites for sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG), such as heparin (Hep), which was previously shown to influence FN conformation and protein binding. 27808176 3 40 theme sulfated 401:408 arg1 sGAG 430:433 sGAG 430:433 sGAG 430:433 FN homes several binding sites for sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG), such as heparin (Hep), which was previously shown to influence FN conformation and protein binding. 27808176 3 40 theme sulfated 401:408 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 410:427 sulfated glycosaminoglycans 401:427 sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG) 401:434 FN homes several binding sites for sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG), such as heparin (Hep), which was previously shown to influence FN conformation and protein binding. 27808176 7 41 theme stromal 1005:1011 arg1 cells 1013:1017 stromal cells 1005:1017 human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC)-derived ECM 987:1037 FRET analysis of FN confirmed the presence of more extended fibrils in human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC)-derived ECM in response to sHA1 and Hep. 27808176 7 41 theme stromal 1005:1011 arg1 hBMSC 1020:1024 hBMSC 1020:1024 hBMSC 1020:1024 FRET analysis of FN confirmed the presence of more extended fibrils in human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC)-derived ECM in response to sHA1 and Hep. 27808176 10 42 from effect 1467:1472 arg1 hBMSC 1485:1489 hBMSC 1485:1489 hBMSC 1485:1489 We hypothesize that the sHA1-triggered change in FN assembly influences the entire ECM network and could be the underlying mechanism for the pro-osteogenic effect of sHA1 on hBMSC. 27808176 7 43 from presence 950:957 arg1 ECM 1035:1037 human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC)-derived ECM 987:1037 human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC)-derived ECM 987:1037 FRET analysis of FN confirmed the presence of more extended fibrils in human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC)-derived ECM in response to sHA1 and Hep. 27808176 1 44 theme factors 210:216 arg1 one 198:200 one 198:200 one 198:200 Extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and structural integrity is one of many factors that influence cellular differentiation. 27808176 1 44 theme factors 210:216 arg1 factors 210:216 many factors 205:216 many factors that influence cellular differentiation 205:256 Extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and structural integrity is one of many factors that influence cellular differentiation. 27808176 0 45 theme matrix 39:44 arg1 assembly 46:53 fibronectin matrix assembly 27:53 fibronectin matrix assembly 27:53 Sulfated hyaluronan alters fibronectin matrix assembly and promotes osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells. 27808176 9 46 theme tissue 1269:1274 arg1 phosphatase 1298:1308 tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase 1269:1308 tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase 1269:1308 Further, only sHA1 had a pro-osteogenic effect and enhanced the activity of tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase. 27808176 7 47 dep sHA1 1054:1057 arg1 response 1042:1049 response 1042:1049 response 1042:1049 FRET analysis of FN confirmed the presence of more extended fibrils in human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC)-derived ECM in response to sHA1 and Hep. 27808176 7 48 theme extended 967:974 arg1 fibrils 976:982 more extended fibrils 962:982 more extended fibrils 962:982 FRET analysis of FN confirmed the presence of more extended fibrils in human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC)-derived ECM in response to sHA1 and Hep. 27808176 5 49 theme low-sulfated 715:726 arg1 sHA1 733:736 sHA1 733:736 sHA1 733:736 Here is shown that the low-sulfated sHA (sHA1) interacts with FN and influences fibril assembly. 27808176 5 49 theme low-sulfated 715:726 arg1 sHA 728:730 the low-sulfated sHA 711:730 the low-sulfated sHA (sHA1) 711:737 Here is shown that the low-sulfated sHA (sHA1) interacts with FN and influences fibril assembly. 27808176 8 50 theme protein 1151:1157 arg1 level 1159:1163 FN protein level 1148:1163 FN protein level 1148:1163 Although both sHA1 and Hep affected FN conformation, exclusively sHA1 increased FN protein level and led to thinner fibrils. 27808176 6 51 theme immunofluorescent 885:901 arg1 co-staining 903:913 immunofluorescent co-staining 885:913 immunofluorescent co-staining 885:913 The interaction of FN fibrils with sHA1 and Hep, but not with non-sulfated HA was visualized by immunofluorescent co-staining. 27808176 7 52 theme bone 993:996 arg1 marrow 998:1003 human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC) 987:1025 human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC)-derived ECM 987:1037 FRET analysis of FN confirmed the presence of more extended fibrils in human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC)-derived ECM in response to sHA1 and Hep. 27808176 6 53 theme fibrils 811:817 arg1 interaction 793:803 The interaction 789:803 The interaction of FN fibrils with sHA1 and Hep, but not with non-sulfated HA 789:865 The interaction of FN fibrils with sHA1 and Hep, but not with non-sulfated HA was visualized by immunofluorescent co-staining. 27808176 7 54 theme fibrils 976:982 arg1 presence 950:957 the presence 946:957 the presence of more extended fibrils in human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC)-derived ECM 946:1037 FRET analysis of FN confirmed the presence of more extended fibrils in human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC)-derived ECM in response to sHA1 and Hep. 27808176 8 55 theme FN 1148:1149 arg1 level 1159:1163 FN protein level 1148:1163 FN protein level 1148:1163 Although both sHA1 and Hep affected FN conformation, exclusively sHA1 increased FN protein level and led to thinner fibrils. 27808176 9 56 theme alkaline 1289:1296 arg1 phosphatase 1298:1308 tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase 1269:1308 tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase 1269:1308 Further, only sHA1 had a pro-osteogenic effect and enhanced the activity of tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase. 27808176 7 57 theme marrow 998:1003 arg1 ECM 1035:1037 human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC)-derived ECM 987:1037 human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC)-derived ECM 987:1037 FRET analysis of FN confirmed the presence of more extended fibrils in human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC)-derived ECM in response to sHA1 and Hep. 27808176 6 58 theme FN 808:809 arg1 fibrils 811:817 FN fibrils 808:817 FN fibrils 808:817 The interaction of FN fibrils with sHA1 and Hep, but not with non-sulfated HA was visualized by immunofluorescent co-staining. 27808176 1 59 theme Extracellular 131:143 arg1 matrix 145:150 Extracellular matrix 131:150 Extracellular matrix (ECM) composition 131:168 Extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and structural integrity is one of many factors that influence cellular differentiation. 27808176 1 59 theme Extracellular 131:143 arg1 ECM 153:155 ECM 153:155 ECM 153:155 Extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and structural integrity is one of many factors that influence cellular differentiation. 27808176 9 60 theme phosphatase 1298:1308 arg1 activity 1257:1264 the activity 1253:1264 the activity of tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase 1253:1308 Further, only sHA1 had a pro-osteogenic effect and enhanced the activity of tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase. 27808176 4 61 with molecules 608:616 arg1 pattern 654:660 a well characterized sulfation pattern 623:660 a well characterized sulfation pattern 623:660 Synthetically sulfated hyaluronan derivatives (sHA) can serve as model molecules with a well characterized sulfation pattern to study sGAG-FN interaction. 27808176 1 62 theme matrix 145:150 arg1 composition 158:168 Extracellular matrix (ECM) composition 131:168 Extracellular matrix (ECM) composition 131:168 Extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and structural integrity is one of many factors that influence cellular differentiation. 27808176 7 63 theme human 987:991 arg1 marrow 998:1003 human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC) 987:1025 human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC)-derived ECM 987:1037 FRET analysis of FN confirmed the presence of more extended fibrils in human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC)-derived ECM in response to sHA1 and Hep. 27808176 8 64 theme FN 1104:1105 arg1 conformation 1107:1118 FN conformation 1104:1118 FN conformation 1104:1118 Although both sHA1 and Hep affected FN conformation, exclusively sHA1 increased FN protein level and led to thinner fibrils. 27808176 2 65 theme ECM 319:321 arg1 protein 323:329 the most abundant ECM protein 301:329 the most abundant ECM protein 301:329 Fibronectin (FN) which is in many tissues the most abundant ECM protein forms a unique fibrillary network. 27808176 2 65 theme ECM 319:321 arg1 Fibronectin 259:269 Fibronectin 259:269 Fibronectin (FN) which is in many tissues the most abundant ECM protein 259:329 Fibronectin (FN) which is in many tissues the most abundant ECM protein forms a unique fibrillary network. 27808176 7 66 dep marrow 998:1003 arg1 cells 1013:1017 stromal cells 1005:1017 human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC)-derived ECM 987:1037 FRET analysis of FN confirmed the presence of more extended fibrils in human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC)-derived ECM in response to sHA1 and Hep. 27808176 7 66 dep marrow 998:1003 arg1 hBMSC 1020:1024 hBMSC 1020:1024 hBMSC 1020:1024 FRET analysis of FN confirmed the presence of more extended fibrils in human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC)-derived ECM in response to sHA1 and Hep. 27808176 1 67 theme cellular 233:240 arg1 differentiation 242:256 cellular differentiation 233:256 cellular differentiation 233:256 Extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and structural integrity is one of many factors that influence cellular differentiation. 27808176 7 68 attach presence 950:957 arg2 fibrils 976:982 more extended fibrils 962:982 more extended fibrils 962:982 FRET analysis of FN confirmed the presence of more extended fibrils in human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC)-derived ECM in response to sHA1 and Hep. 27808176 7 68 attach presence 950:957 arg1 ECM 1035:1037 human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC)-derived ECM 987:1037 human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC)-derived ECM 987:1037 FRET analysis of FN confirmed the presence of more extended fibrils in human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC)-derived ECM in response to sHA1 and Hep. 27808176 10 69 from change 1350:1355 arg1 assembly 1363:1370 FN assembly 1360:1370 FN assembly 1360:1370 We hypothesize that the sHA1-triggered change in FN assembly influences the entire ECM network and could be the underlying mechanism for the pro-osteogenic effect of sHA1 on hBMSC. 27808176 6 70 with interaction 793:803 arg1 HA 864:865 non-sulfated HA 851:865 non-sulfated HA 851:865 The interaction of FN fibrils with sHA1 and Hep, but not with non-sulfated HA was visualized by immunofluorescent co-staining. 27808176 6 70 with interaction 793:803 arg1 sHA1 824:827 sHA1 824:827 sHA1 824:827 The interaction of FN fibrils with sHA1 and Hep, but not with non-sulfated HA was visualized by immunofluorescent co-staining. 27808176 0 71 theme osteogenic 68:77 arg1 differentiation 79:93 osteogenic differentiation 68:93 osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells 68:128 Sulfated hyaluronan alters fibronectin matrix assembly and promotes osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells. 27808176 7 72 theme FN 933:934 arg1 analysis 921:928 FRET analysis 916:928 FRET analysis of FN 916:934 FRET analysis of FN confirmed the presence of more extended fibrils in human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC)-derived ECM in response to sHA1 and Hep. 27808176 9 73 theme non-specific 1276:1287 arg1 phosphatase 1298:1308 tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase 1269:1308 tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase 1269:1308 Further, only sHA1 had a pro-osteogenic effect and enhanced the activity of tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase. 28910078 6 0 theme disease 1472:1478 arg1 treatment 1480:1488 disease treatment 1472:1488 disease treatment 1472:1488 The films could be created in situ in live animals and imitated the structural/functional aspects of the representative anisotropic tissues (e.g., skin and blood vessels), providing valuable ECM-like platforms for the creation of favorable environments or for tissue regeneration or disease treatment by effectively manipulating cellular behaviors. 28910078 4 1 theme trimodular 796:805 arg1 structure 807:815 a trimodular structure 794:815 a trimodular structure 794:815 Such anisotropic characters were due to controlling catechol cross-linking by alkaline pH, resulting in a trimodular structure: a rigid yet porous Hep-C exterior, nonporous interfacial zone, and soft/highly porous Chi-C interior. 28910078 6 2 theme valuable 1371:1378 arg1 platforms 1389:1397 valuable ECM-like platforms 1371:1397 valuable ECM-like platforms for the creation of favorable environments or for tissue regeneration or disease treatment 1371:1488 The films could be created in situ in live animals and imitated the structural/functional aspects of the representative anisotropic tissues (e.g., skin and blood vessels), providing valuable ECM-like platforms for the creation of favorable environments or for tissue regeneration or disease treatment by effectively manipulating cellular behaviors. 28910078 3 3 theme polysaccharide 606:619 arg1 solutions 621:629 two polysaccharide solutions 602:629 two polysaccharide solutions of heparin-catechol (Hep-C) and chitosan-catechol (Chi-C) 602:687 Here, anisotropically multifunctional structures called BiFACIAL ( biomimetic freestanding anisotropic catechol- interfaces with asymmetrically layered) films were developed simply by contacting two polysaccharide solutions of heparin-catechol (Hep-C) and chitosan-catechol (Chi-C). 28910078 4 4 theme Such 690:693 arg1 characters 707:716 Such anisotropic characters 690:716 Such anisotropic characters 690:716 Such anisotropic characters were due to controlling catechol cross-linking by alkaline pH, resulting in a trimodular structure: a rigid yet porous Hep-C exterior, nonporous interfacial zone, and soft/highly porous Chi-C interior. 28910078 4 4 theme Such 690:693 arg1 exterior 843:850 a rigid yet porous Hep-C exterior 818:850 a rigid yet porous Hep-C exterior 818:850 Such anisotropic characters were due to controlling catechol cross-linking by alkaline pH, resulting in a trimodular structure: a rigid yet porous Hep-C exterior, nonporous interfacial zone, and soft/highly porous Chi-C interior. 28910078 0 5 theme Versatile 106:114 arg1 Matrix 130:135 Versatile Extracellular Matrix Substitutes 106:147 Versatile Extracellular Matrix Substitutes 106:147 BiFACIAL ( Biomimetic Freestanding Anisotropic Catechol- Interfaces with Asymmetrically Layered) Films as Versatile Extracellular Matrix Substitutes. 28910078 3 6 dep films 560:564 arg1 interfaces 520:529 biomimetic freestanding anisotropic catechol- interfaces 474:529 biomimetic freestanding anisotropic catechol- interfaces with asymmetrically layered 474:557 Here, anisotropically multifunctional structures called BiFACIAL ( biomimetic freestanding anisotropic catechol- interfaces with asymmetrically layered) films were developed simply by contacting two polysaccharide solutions of heparin-catechol (Hep-C) and chitosan-catechol (Chi-C). 28910078 0 7 dep Matrix 130:135 arg1 Substitutes 137:147 Substitutes 137:147 Substitutes 137:147 BiFACIAL ( Biomimetic Freestanding Anisotropic Catechol- Interfaces with Asymmetrically Layered) Films as Versatile Extracellular Matrix Substitutes. 28910078 5 8 theme biased 1085:1090 arg1 responses 1100:1108 spontaneously biased stimuli responses 1071:1108 spontaneously biased stimuli responses 1071:1108 The anisotropic features of each layer, including the porosity, rigidity, rheology, composition, and ionic strength, caused the BiFACIAL films to show spontaneously biased stimuli responses and differential behaviors against biological substances (e.g., blood plasma). 28910078 3 9 theme multifunctional 429:443 arg1 structures 445:454 anisotropically multifunctional structures 413:454 anisotropically multifunctional structures called BiFACIAL ( biomimetic freestanding anisotropic catechol- interfaces with asymmetrically layered) films 413:564 Here, anisotropically multifunctional structures called BiFACIAL ( biomimetic freestanding anisotropic catechol- interfaces with asymmetrically layered) films were developed simply by contacting two polysaccharide solutions of heparin-catechol (Hep-C) and chitosan-catechol (Chi-C). 28910078 3 10 theme chitosan-catechol 663:679 arg1 solutions 621:629 two polysaccharide solutions 602:629 two polysaccharide solutions of heparin-catechol (Hep-C) and chitosan-catechol (Chi-C) 602:687 Here, anisotropically multifunctional structures called BiFACIAL ( biomimetic freestanding anisotropic catechol- interfaces with asymmetrically layered) films were developed simply by contacting two polysaccharide solutions of heparin-catechol (Hep-C) and chitosan-catechol (Chi-C). 28910078 2 11 theme skin 330:333 arg1 layers 335:340 anisotropic skin layers 318:340 anisotropic skin layers 318:340 Representative examples include anisotropic skin layers or blood vessels simultaneously facing multiphasic environments. 28910078 4 12 theme anisotropic 695:705 arg1 characters 707:716 Such anisotropic characters 690:716 Such anisotropic characters 690:716 Such anisotropic characters were due to controlling catechol cross-linking by alkaline pH, resulting in a trimodular structure: a rigid yet porous Hep-C exterior, nonporous interfacial zone, and soft/highly porous Chi-C interior. 28910078 4 12 theme anisotropic 695:705 arg1 exterior 843:850 a rigid yet porous Hep-C exterior 818:850 a rigid yet porous Hep-C exterior 818:850 Such anisotropic characters were due to controlling catechol cross-linking by alkaline pH, resulting in a trimodular structure: a rigid yet porous Hep-C exterior, nonporous interfacial zone, and soft/highly porous Chi-C interior. 28910078 5 13 theme layer 953:957 arg1 rigidity 984:991 rigidity 984:991 rigidity 984:991 The anisotropic features of each layer, including the porosity, rigidity, rheology, composition, and ionic strength, caused the BiFACIAL films to show spontaneously biased stimuli responses and differential behaviors against biological substances (e.g., blood plasma). 28910078 5 13 theme layer 953:957 arg1 rheology 994:1001 rheology 994:1001 rheology 994:1001 The anisotropic features of each layer, including the porosity, rigidity, rheology, composition, and ionic strength, caused the BiFACIAL films to show spontaneously biased stimuli responses and differential behaviors against biological substances (e.g., blood plasma). 28910078 5 13 theme layer 953:957 arg1 strength 1027:1034 ionic strength 1021:1034 ionic strength 1021:1034 The anisotropic features of each layer, including the porosity, rigidity, rheology, composition, and ionic strength, caused the BiFACIAL films to show spontaneously biased stimuli responses and differential behaviors against biological substances (e.g., blood plasma). 28910078 5 13 theme layer 953:957 arg1 features 936:943 The anisotropic features 920:943 The anisotropic features 920:943 The anisotropic features of each layer, including the porosity, rigidity, rheology, composition, and ionic strength, caused the BiFACIAL films to show spontaneously biased stimuli responses and differential behaviors against biological substances (e.g., blood plasma). 28910078 5 13 theme layer 953:957 arg1 porosity 974:981 the porosity 970:981 the porosity 970:981 The anisotropic features of each layer, including the porosity, rigidity, rheology, composition, and ionic strength, caused the BiFACIAL films to show spontaneously biased stimuli responses and differential behaviors against biological substances (e.g., blood plasma). 28910078 5 13 theme layer 953:957 arg1 composition 1004:1014 composition 1004:1014 composition 1004:1014 The anisotropic features of each layer, including the porosity, rigidity, rheology, composition, and ionic strength, caused the BiFACIAL films to show spontaneously biased stimuli responses and differential behaviors against biological substances (e.g., blood plasma). 28910078 6 14 theme blood 1345:1349 arg1 vessels 1351:1357 blood vessels 1345:1357 blood vessels 1345:1357 The films could be created in situ in live animals and imitated the structural/functional aspects of the representative anisotropic tissues (e.g., skin and blood vessels), providing valuable ECM-like platforms for the creation of favorable environments or for tissue regeneration or disease treatment by effectively manipulating cellular behaviors. 28910078 2 15 theme anisotropic 318:328 arg1 layers 335:340 anisotropic skin layers 318:340 anisotropic skin layers 318:340 Representative examples include anisotropic skin layers or blood vessels simultaneously facing multiphasic environments. 28910078 6 16 theme representative 1294:1307 arg1 tissues 1321:1327 the representative anisotropic tissues 1290:1327 the representative anisotropic tissues (e.g., skin and blood vessels) 1290:1358 The films could be created in situ in live animals and imitated the structural/functional aspects of the representative anisotropic tissues (e.g., skin and blood vessels), providing valuable ECM-like platforms for the creation of favorable environments or for tissue regeneration or disease treatment by effectively manipulating cellular behaviors. 28910078 0 17 theme Extracellular 116:128 arg1 Matrix 130:135 Versatile Extracellular Matrix Substitutes 106:147 Versatile Extracellular Matrix Substitutes 106:147 BiFACIAL ( Biomimetic Freestanding Anisotropic Catechol- Interfaces with Asymmetrically Layered) Films as Versatile Extracellular Matrix Substitutes. 28910078 3 18 theme anisotropic 498:508 arg1 interfaces 520:529 biomimetic freestanding anisotropic catechol- interfaces 474:529 biomimetic freestanding anisotropic catechol- interfaces with asymmetrically layered 474:557 Here, anisotropically multifunctional structures called BiFACIAL ( biomimetic freestanding anisotropic catechol- interfaces with asymmetrically layered) films were developed simply by contacting two polysaccharide solutions of heparin-catechol (Hep-C) and chitosan-catechol (Chi-C). 28910078 6 19 theme live 1227:1230 arg1 animals 1232:1238 live animals 1227:1238 live animals 1227:1238 The films could be created in situ in live animals and imitated the structural/functional aspects of the representative anisotropic tissues (e.g., skin and blood vessels), providing valuable ECM-like platforms for the creation of favorable environments or for tissue regeneration or disease treatment by effectively manipulating cellular behaviors. 28910078 3 20 theme layered 551:557 arg1 interfaces 520:529 biomimetic freestanding anisotropic catechol- interfaces 474:529 biomimetic freestanding anisotropic catechol- interfaces with asymmetrically layered 474:557 Here, anisotropically multifunctional structures called BiFACIAL ( biomimetic freestanding anisotropic catechol- interfaces with asymmetrically layered) films were developed simply by contacting two polysaccharide solutions of heparin-catechol (Hep-C) and chitosan-catechol (Chi-C). 28910078 3 21 theme BiFACIAL 463:470 arg1 films 560:564 BiFACIAL ( biomimetic freestanding anisotropic catechol- interfaces with asymmetrically layered) films 463:564 BiFACIAL ( biomimetic freestanding anisotropic catechol- interfaces with asymmetrically layered) films 463:564 Here, anisotropically multifunctional structures called BiFACIAL ( biomimetic freestanding anisotropic catechol- interfaces with asymmetrically layered) films were developed simply by contacting two polysaccharide solutions of heparin-catechol (Hep-C) and chitosan-catechol (Chi-C). 28910078 5 22 dep plasma 1180:1185 arg1 e.g. 1168:1171 e.g. 1168:1171 e.g. 1168:1171 The anisotropic features of each layer, including the porosity, rigidity, rheology, composition, and ionic strength, caused the BiFACIAL films to show spontaneously biased stimuli responses and differential behaviors against biological substances (e.g., blood plasma). 28910078 1 23 theme anisotropic 205:215 arg1 functions 217:225 anisotropic functions 205:225 anisotropic functions in their physical, chemical, and morphological properties 205:283 Biological naïve extracellular matrices (ECMs) exhibit anisotropic functions in their physical, chemical, and morphological properties. 28910078 4 24 theme Hep-C 837:841 arg1 characters 707:716 Such anisotropic characters 690:716 Such anisotropic characters 690:716 Such anisotropic characters were due to controlling catechol cross-linking by alkaline pH, resulting in a trimodular structure: a rigid yet porous Hep-C exterior, nonporous interfacial zone, and soft/highly porous Chi-C interior. 28910078 4 24 theme Hep-C 837:841 arg1 exterior 843:850 a rigid yet porous Hep-C exterior 818:850 a rigid yet porous Hep-C exterior 818:850 Such anisotropic characters were due to controlling catechol cross-linking by alkaline pH, resulting in a trimodular structure: a rigid yet porous Hep-C exterior, nonporous interfacial zone, and soft/highly porous Chi-C interior. 28910078 5 25 theme blood 1174:1178 arg1 plasma 1180:1185 blood plasma 1174:1185 blood plasma 1174:1185 The anisotropic features of each layer, including the porosity, rigidity, rheology, composition, and ionic strength, caused the BiFACIAL films to show spontaneously biased stimuli responses and differential behaviors against biological substances (e.g., blood plasma). 28910078 0 26 theme Freestanding 22:33 arg1 Interfaces 57:66 Biomimetic Freestanding Anisotropic Catechol- Interfaces 11:66 Biomimetic Freestanding Anisotropic Catechol- Interfaces with Asymmetrically Layered 11:94 BiFACIAL ( Biomimetic Freestanding Anisotropic Catechol- Interfaces with Asymmetrically Layered) Films as Versatile Extracellular Matrix Substitutes. 28910078 6 27 theme environments 1429:1440 arg1 creation 1407:1414 the creation 1403:1414 the creation of favorable environments 1403:1440 The films could be created in situ in live animals and imitated the structural/functional aspects of the representative anisotropic tissues (e.g., skin and blood vessels), providing valuable ECM-like platforms for the creation of favorable environments or for tissue regeneration or disease treatment by effectively manipulating cellular behaviors. 28910078 5 28 theme ionic 1021:1025 arg1 strength 1027:1034 ionic strength 1021:1034 ionic strength 1021:1034 The anisotropic features of each layer, including the porosity, rigidity, rheology, composition, and ionic strength, caused the BiFACIAL films to show spontaneously biased stimuli responses and differential behaviors against biological substances (e.g., blood plasma). 28910078 2 29 theme blood 345:349 arg1 vessels 351:357 blood vessels 345:357 blood vessels 345:357 Representative examples include anisotropic skin layers or blood vessels simultaneously facing multiphasic environments. 28910078 5 30 theme BiFACIAL 1048:1055 arg1 films 1057:1061 the BiFACIAL films 1044:1061 the BiFACIAL films 1044:1061 The anisotropic features of each layer, including the porosity, rigidity, rheology, composition, and ionic strength, caused the BiFACIAL films to show spontaneously biased stimuli responses and differential behaviors against biological substances (e.g., blood plasma). 28910078 0 31 theme Biomimetic 11:20 arg1 Interfaces 57:66 Biomimetic Freestanding Anisotropic Catechol- Interfaces 11:66 Biomimetic Freestanding Anisotropic Catechol- Interfaces with Asymmetrically Layered 11:94 BiFACIAL ( Biomimetic Freestanding Anisotropic Catechol- Interfaces with Asymmetrically Layered) Films as Versatile Extracellular Matrix Substitutes. 28910078 6 32 theme favorable 1419:1427 arg1 environments 1429:1440 favorable environments 1419:1440 favorable environments 1419:1440 The films could be created in situ in live animals and imitated the structural/functional aspects of the representative anisotropic tissues (e.g., skin and blood vessels), providing valuable ECM-like platforms for the creation of favorable environments or for tissue regeneration or disease treatment by effectively manipulating cellular behaviors. 28910078 6 33 theme cellular 1518:1525 arg1 behaviors 1527:1535 cellular behaviors 1518:1535 cellular behaviors 1518:1535 The films could be created in situ in live animals and imitated the structural/functional aspects of the representative anisotropic tissues (e.g., skin and blood vessels), providing valuable ECM-like platforms for the creation of favorable environments or for tissue regeneration or disease treatment by effectively manipulating cellular behaviors. 28910078 5 34 theme anisotropic 924:934 arg1 rigidity 984:991 rigidity 984:991 rigidity 984:991 The anisotropic features of each layer, including the porosity, rigidity, rheology, composition, and ionic strength, caused the BiFACIAL films to show spontaneously biased stimuli responses and differential behaviors against biological substances (e.g., blood plasma). 28910078 5 34 theme anisotropic 924:934 arg1 rheology 994:1001 rheology 994:1001 rheology 994:1001 The anisotropic features of each layer, including the porosity, rigidity, rheology, composition, and ionic strength, caused the BiFACIAL films to show spontaneously biased stimuli responses and differential behaviors against biological substances (e.g., blood plasma). 28910078 5 34 theme anisotropic 924:934 arg1 strength 1027:1034 ionic strength 1021:1034 ionic strength 1021:1034 The anisotropic features of each layer, including the porosity, rigidity, rheology, composition, and ionic strength, caused the BiFACIAL films to show spontaneously biased stimuli responses and differential behaviors against biological substances (e.g., blood plasma). 28910078 5 34 theme anisotropic 924:934 arg1 features 936:943 The anisotropic features 920:943 The anisotropic features 920:943 The anisotropic features of each layer, including the porosity, rigidity, rheology, composition, and ionic strength, caused the BiFACIAL films to show spontaneously biased stimuli responses and differential behaviors against biological substances (e.g., blood plasma). 28910078 5 34 theme anisotropic 924:934 arg1 porosity 974:981 the porosity 970:981 the porosity 970:981 The anisotropic features of each layer, including the porosity, rigidity, rheology, composition, and ionic strength, caused the BiFACIAL films to show spontaneously biased stimuli responses and differential behaviors against biological substances (e.g., blood plasma). 28910078 5 34 theme anisotropic 924:934 arg1 composition 1004:1014 composition 1004:1014 composition 1004:1014 The anisotropic features of each layer, including the porosity, rigidity, rheology, composition, and ionic strength, caused the BiFACIAL films to show spontaneously biased stimuli responses and differential behaviors against biological substances (e.g., blood plasma). 28910078 4 35 theme catechol 742:749 arg1 cross-linking 751:763 catechol cross-linking 742:763 catechol cross-linking by alkaline pH 742:778 Such anisotropic characters were due to controlling catechol cross-linking by alkaline pH, resulting in a trimodular structure: a rigid yet porous Hep-C exterior, nonporous interfacial zone, and soft/highly porous Chi-C interior. 28910078 0 36 theme Catechol- 47:55 arg1 Interfaces 57:66 Biomimetic Freestanding Anisotropic Catechol- Interfaces 11:66 Biomimetic Freestanding Anisotropic Catechol- Interfaces with Asymmetrically Layered 11:94 BiFACIAL ( Biomimetic Freestanding Anisotropic Catechol- Interfaces with Asymmetrically Layered) Films as Versatile Extracellular Matrix Substitutes. 28910078 4 37 theme alkaline 768:775 arg1 pH 777:778 alkaline pH 768:778 alkaline pH 768:778 Such anisotropic characters were due to controlling catechol cross-linking by alkaline pH, resulting in a trimodular structure: a rigid yet porous Hep-C exterior, nonporous interfacial zone, and soft/highly porous Chi-C interior. 28910078 1 38 theme physical 236:243 arg1 properties 274:283 their physical, chemical, and morphological properties 230:283 their physical, chemical, and morphological properties 230:283 Biological naïve extracellular matrices (ECMs) exhibit anisotropic functions in their physical, chemical, and morphological properties. 28910078 0 39 theme Anisotropic 35:45 arg1 Interfaces 57:66 Biomimetic Freestanding Anisotropic Catechol- Interfaces 11:66 Biomimetic Freestanding Anisotropic Catechol- Interfaces with Asymmetrically Layered 11:94 BiFACIAL ( Biomimetic Freestanding Anisotropic Catechol- Interfaces with Asymmetrically Layered) Films as Versatile Extracellular Matrix Substitutes. 28910078 3 40 theme catechol- 510:518 arg1 interfaces 520:529 biomimetic freestanding anisotropic catechol- interfaces 474:529 biomimetic freestanding anisotropic catechol- interfaces with asymmetrically layered 474:557 Here, anisotropically multifunctional structures called BiFACIAL ( biomimetic freestanding anisotropic catechol- interfaces with asymmetrically layered) films were developed simply by contacting two polysaccharide solutions of heparin-catechol (Hep-C) and chitosan-catechol (Chi-C). 28910078 4 41 theme interfacial 863:873 arg1 zone 875:878 nonporous interfacial zone 853:878 nonporous interfacial zone 853:878 Such anisotropic characters were due to controlling catechol cross-linking by alkaline pH, resulting in a trimodular structure: a rigid yet porous Hep-C exterior, nonporous interfacial zone, and soft/highly porous Chi-C interior. 28910078 5 42 theme differential 1114:1125 arg1 behaviors 1127:1135 differential behaviors 1114:1135 differential behaviors 1114:1135 The anisotropic features of each layer, including the porosity, rigidity, rheology, composition, and ionic strength, caused the BiFACIAL films to show spontaneously biased stimuli responses and differential behaviors against biological substances (e.g., blood plasma). 28910078 4 43 theme nonporous 853:861 arg1 zone 875:878 nonporous interfacial zone 853:878 nonporous interfacial zone 853:878 Such anisotropic characters were due to controlling catechol cross-linking by alkaline pH, resulting in a trimodular structure: a rigid yet porous Hep-C exterior, nonporous interfacial zone, and soft/highly porous Chi-C interior. 28910078 3 44 theme biomimetic 474:483 arg1 interfaces 520:529 biomimetic freestanding anisotropic catechol- interfaces 474:529 biomimetic freestanding anisotropic catechol- interfaces with asymmetrically layered 474:557 Here, anisotropically multifunctional structures called BiFACIAL ( biomimetic freestanding anisotropic catechol- interfaces with asymmetrically layered) films were developed simply by contacting two polysaccharide solutions of heparin-catechol (Hep-C) and chitosan-catechol (Chi-C). 28910078 3 45 theme anisotropically 413:427 arg1 structures 445:454 anisotropically multifunctional structures 413:454 anisotropically multifunctional structures called BiFACIAL ( biomimetic freestanding anisotropic catechol- interfaces with asymmetrically layered) films 413:564 Here, anisotropically multifunctional structures called BiFACIAL ( biomimetic freestanding anisotropic catechol- interfaces with asymmetrically layered) films were developed simply by contacting two polysaccharide solutions of heparin-catechol (Hep-C) and chitosan-catechol (Chi-C). 28910078 4 46 theme rigid 820:824 arg1 characters 707:716 Such anisotropic characters 690:716 Such anisotropic characters 690:716 Such anisotropic characters were due to controlling catechol cross-linking by alkaline pH, resulting in a trimodular structure: a rigid yet porous Hep-C exterior, nonporous interfacial zone, and soft/highly porous Chi-C interior. 28910078 4 46 theme rigid 820:824 arg1 exterior 843:850 a rigid yet porous Hep-C exterior 818:850 a rigid yet porous Hep-C exterior 818:850 Such anisotropic characters were due to controlling catechol cross-linking by alkaline pH, resulting in a trimodular structure: a rigid yet porous Hep-C exterior, nonporous interfacial zone, and soft/highly porous Chi-C interior. 28910078 3 47 theme freestanding 485:496 arg1 interfaces 520:529 biomimetic freestanding anisotropic catechol- interfaces 474:529 biomimetic freestanding anisotropic catechol- interfaces with asymmetrically layered 474:557 Here, anisotropically multifunctional structures called BiFACIAL ( biomimetic freestanding anisotropic catechol- interfaces with asymmetrically layered) films were developed simply by contacting two polysaccharide solutions of heparin-catechol (Hep-C) and chitosan-catechol (Chi-C). 28910078 6 48 theme structural/functional 1257:1277 arg1 aspects 1279:1285 the structural/functional aspects 1253:1285 the structural/functional aspects of the representative anisotropic tissues (e.g., skin and blood vessels) 1253:1358 The films could be created in situ in live animals and imitated the structural/functional aspects of the representative anisotropic tissues (e.g., skin and blood vessels), providing valuable ECM-like platforms for the creation of favorable environments or for tissue regeneration or disease treatment by effectively manipulating cellular behaviors. 28910078 5 49 theme biological 1145:1154 arg1 substances 1156:1165 biological substances 1145:1165 biological substances (e.g., blood plasma) 1145:1186 The anisotropic features of each layer, including the porosity, rigidity, rheology, composition, and ionic strength, caused the BiFACIAL films to show spontaneously biased stimuli responses and differential behaviors against biological substances (e.g., blood plasma). 28910078 3 50 dep layered 551:557 arg1 with 531:534 with 531:534 with 531:534 Here, anisotropically multifunctional structures called BiFACIAL ( biomimetic freestanding anisotropic catechol- interfaces with asymmetrically layered) films were developed simply by contacting two polysaccharide solutions of heparin-catechol (Hep-C) and chitosan-catechol (Chi-C). 28910078 4 51 theme porous 830:835 arg1 characters 707:716 Such anisotropic characters 690:716 Such anisotropic characters 690:716 Such anisotropic characters were due to controlling catechol cross-linking by alkaline pH, resulting in a trimodular structure: a rigid yet porous Hep-C exterior, nonporous interfacial zone, and soft/highly porous Chi-C interior. 28910078 4 51 theme porous 830:835 arg1 exterior 843:850 a rigid yet porous Hep-C exterior 818:850 a rigid yet porous Hep-C exterior 818:850 Such anisotropic characters were due to controlling catechol cross-linking by alkaline pH, resulting in a trimodular structure: a rigid yet porous Hep-C exterior, nonporous interfacial zone, and soft/highly porous Chi-C interior. 28910078 6 52 theme tissues 1321:1327 arg1 aspects 1279:1285 the structural/functional aspects 1253:1285 the structural/functional aspects of the representative anisotropic tissues (e.g., skin and blood vessels) 1253:1358 The films could be created in situ in live animals and imitated the structural/functional aspects of the representative anisotropic tissues (e.g., skin and blood vessels), providing valuable ECM-like platforms for the creation of favorable environments or for tissue regeneration or disease treatment by effectively manipulating cellular behaviors. 28910078 4 53 theme Chi-C 904:908 arg1 interior 910:917 soft/highly porous Chi-C interior 885:917 soft/highly porous Chi-C interior 885:917 Such anisotropic characters were due to controlling catechol cross-linking by alkaline pH, resulting in a trimodular structure: a rigid yet porous Hep-C exterior, nonporous interfacial zone, and soft/highly porous Chi-C interior. 28910078 6 54 theme anisotropic 1309:1319 arg1 tissues 1321:1327 the representative anisotropic tissues 1290:1327 the representative anisotropic tissues (e.g., skin and blood vessels) 1290:1358 The films could be created in situ in live animals and imitated the structural/functional aspects of the representative anisotropic tissues (e.g., skin and blood vessels), providing valuable ECM-like platforms for the creation of favorable environments or for tissue regeneration or disease treatment by effectively manipulating cellular behaviors. 28910078 4 55 theme porous 897:902 arg1 interior 910:917 soft/highly porous Chi-C interior 885:917 soft/highly porous Chi-C interior 885:917 Such anisotropic characters were due to controlling catechol cross-linking by alkaline pH, resulting in a trimodular structure: a rigid yet porous Hep-C exterior, nonporous interfacial zone, and soft/highly porous Chi-C interior. 28910078 1 56 theme Biological 150:159 arg1 matrices 181:188 Biological naïve extracellular matrices 150:188 Biological naïve extracellular matrices (ECMs) 150:195 Biological naïve extracellular matrices (ECMs) exhibit anisotropic functions in their physical, chemical, and morphological properties. 28910078 1 56 theme Biological 150:159 arg1 ECMs 191:194 ECMs 191:194 ECMs 191:194 Biological naïve extracellular matrices (ECMs) exhibit anisotropic functions in their physical, chemical, and morphological properties. 28910078 0 57 dep Layered 88:94 arg1 with 68:71 with 68:71 with 68:71 BiFACIAL ( Biomimetic Freestanding Anisotropic Catechol- Interfaces with Asymmetrically Layered) Films as Versatile Extracellular Matrix Substitutes. 28910078 1 58 theme chemical 246:253 arg1 properties 274:283 their physical, chemical, and morphological properties 230:283 their physical, chemical, and morphological properties 230:283 Biological naïve extracellular matrices (ECMs) exhibit anisotropic functions in their physical, chemical, and morphological properties. 28910078 6 59 theme ECM-like 1380:1387 arg1 platforms 1389:1397 valuable ECM-like platforms 1371:1397 valuable ECM-like platforms for the creation of favorable environments or for tissue regeneration or disease treatment 1371:1488 The films could be created in situ in live animals and imitated the structural/functional aspects of the representative anisotropic tissues (e.g., skin and blood vessels), providing valuable ECM-like platforms for the creation of favorable environments or for tissue regeneration or disease treatment by effectively manipulating cellular behaviors. 28910078 4 60 dep due 723:725 arg1 characters 707:716 Such anisotropic characters 690:716 Such anisotropic characters 690:716 Such anisotropic characters were due to controlling catechol cross-linking by alkaline pH, resulting in a trimodular structure: a rigid yet porous Hep-C exterior, nonporous interfacial zone, and soft/highly porous Chi-C interior. 28910078 4 60 dep due 723:725 arg1 zone 875:878 nonporous interfacial zone 853:878 nonporous interfacial zone 853:878 Such anisotropic characters were due to controlling catechol cross-linking by alkaline pH, resulting in a trimodular structure: a rigid yet porous Hep-C exterior, nonporous interfacial zone, and soft/highly porous Chi-C interior. 28910078 4 60 dep due 723:725 arg1 interior 910:917 soft/highly porous Chi-C interior 885:917 soft/highly porous Chi-C interior 885:917 Such anisotropic characters were due to controlling catechol cross-linking by alkaline pH, resulting in a trimodular structure: a rigid yet porous Hep-C exterior, nonporous interfacial zone, and soft/highly porous Chi-C interior. 28910078 4 60 dep due 723:725 arg1 exterior 843:850 a rigid yet porous Hep-C exterior 818:850 a rigid yet porous Hep-C exterior 818:850 Such anisotropic characters were due to controlling catechol cross-linking by alkaline pH, resulting in a trimodular structure: a rigid yet porous Hep-C exterior, nonporous interfacial zone, and soft/highly porous Chi-C interior. 28910078 2 61 theme Representative 286:299 arg1 examples 301:308 Representative examples 286:308 Representative examples 286:308 Representative examples include anisotropic skin layers or blood vessels simultaneously facing multiphasic environments. 28910078 1 62 theme naïve 161:165 arg1 matrices 181:188 Biological naïve extracellular matrices 150:188 Biological naïve extracellular matrices (ECMs) 150:195 Biological naïve extracellular matrices (ECMs) exhibit anisotropic functions in their physical, chemical, and morphological properties. 28910078 1 62 theme naïve 161:165 arg1 ECMs 191:194 ECMs 191:194 ECMs 191:194 Biological naïve extracellular matrices (ECMs) exhibit anisotropic functions in their physical, chemical, and morphological properties. 28910078 6 63 theme tissue 1449:1454 arg1 regeneration 1456:1467 tissue regeneration 1449:1467 tissue regeneration 1449:1467 The films could be created in situ in live animals and imitated the structural/functional aspects of the representative anisotropic tissues (e.g., skin and blood vessels), providing valuable ECM-like platforms for the creation of favorable environments or for tissue regeneration or disease treatment by effectively manipulating cellular behaviors. 28910078 2 64 theme multiphasic 381:391 arg1 environments 393:404 multiphasic environments 381:404 multiphasic environments 381:404 Representative examples include anisotropic skin layers or blood vessels simultaneously facing multiphasic environments. 28910078 0 65 theme Layered 88:94 arg1 Interfaces 57:66 Biomimetic Freestanding Anisotropic Catechol- Interfaces 11:66 Biomimetic Freestanding Anisotropic Catechol- Interfaces with Asymmetrically Layered 11:94 BiFACIAL ( Biomimetic Freestanding Anisotropic Catechol- Interfaces with Asymmetrically Layered) Films as Versatile Extracellular Matrix Substitutes. 28910078 5 66 theme stimuli 1092:1098 arg1 responses 1100:1108 spontaneously biased stimuli responses 1071:1108 spontaneously biased stimuli responses 1071:1108 The anisotropic features of each layer, including the porosity, rigidity, rheology, composition, and ionic strength, caused the BiFACIAL films to show spontaneously biased stimuli responses and differential behaviors against biological substances (e.g., blood plasma). 28910078 1 67 from functions 217:225 arg1 properties 274:283 their physical, chemical, and morphological properties 230:283 their physical, chemical, and morphological properties 230:283 Biological naïve extracellular matrices (ECMs) exhibit anisotropic functions in their physical, chemical, and morphological properties. 28910078 1 68 theme extracellular 167:179 arg1 matrices 181:188 Biological naïve extracellular matrices 150:188 Biological naïve extracellular matrices (ECMs) 150:195 Biological naïve extracellular matrices (ECMs) exhibit anisotropic functions in their physical, chemical, and morphological properties. 28910078 1 68 theme extracellular 167:179 arg1 ECMs 191:194 ECMs 191:194 ECMs 191:194 Biological naïve extracellular matrices (ECMs) exhibit anisotropic functions in their physical, chemical, and morphological properties. 28910078 6 69 dep skin 1336:1339 arg1 e.g. 1330:1333 e.g. 1330:1333 e.g. 1330:1333 The films could be created in situ in live animals and imitated the structural/functional aspects of the representative anisotropic tissues (e.g., skin and blood vessels), providing valuable ECM-like platforms for the creation of favorable environments or for tissue regeneration or disease treatment by effectively manipulating cellular behaviors. 28910078 0 70 dep BiFACIAL 0:7 arg1 Interfaces 57:66 Biomimetic Freestanding Anisotropic Catechol- Interfaces 11:66 Biomimetic Freestanding Anisotropic Catechol- Interfaces with Asymmetrically Layered 11:94 BiFACIAL ( Biomimetic Freestanding Anisotropic Catechol- Interfaces with Asymmetrically Layered) Films as Versatile Extracellular Matrix Substitutes. 28910078 3 71 theme heparin-catechol 634:649 arg1 solutions 621:629 two polysaccharide solutions 602:629 two polysaccharide solutions of heparin-catechol (Hep-C) and chitosan-catechol (Chi-C) 602:687 Here, anisotropically multifunctional structures called BiFACIAL ( biomimetic freestanding anisotropic catechol- interfaces with asymmetrically layered) films were developed simply by contacting two polysaccharide solutions of heparin-catechol (Hep-C) and chitosan-catechol (Chi-C). 28910078 1 72 theme morphological 260:272 arg1 properties 274:283 their physical, chemical, and morphological properties 230:283 their physical, chemical, and morphological properties 230:283 Biological naïve extracellular matrices (ECMs) exhibit anisotropic functions in their physical, chemical, and morphological properties. 29169946 0 0 theme glucomannan 82:92 arg1 hydrogel 94:101 oxidized konjac glucomannan hydrogel 66:101 Preparation and characterization of chitosan - collagen peptide / oxidized konjac glucomannan hydrogel. 0:102 Preparation and characterization of chitosan - collagen peptide / oxidized konjac glucomannan hydrogel. 29169946 2 1 theme oxidized 450:457 arg1 OKGM 479:482 OKGM 479:482 OKGM 479:482 The preparation of composite hydrogel was via the Schiff-base reaction between the amino of CS-COP and the aldehyde of oxidized konjac glucomannan (OKGM). 29169946 2 1 theme oxidized 450:457 arg1 glucomannan 466:476 oxidized konjac glucomannan 450:476 oxidized konjac glucomannan (OKGM) 450:483 The preparation of composite hydrogel was via the Schiff-base reaction between the amino of CS-COP and the aldehyde of oxidized konjac glucomannan (OKGM). 29169946 12 2 theme promising 1402:1410 arg1 potential 1412:1420 a promising potential 1400:1420 a promising potential to be applied as wound dressing 1400:1452 Therefore, this hydrogel has a promising potential to be applied as wound dressing. 29169946 5 3 theme evaporation 843:853 arg1 rate 855:858 water evaporation rate 837:858 water evaporation rate 837:858 Meanwhile, these effects of the addition of OKGM on gelation time, swelling behaviors, water evaporation rate and blood coagulation capacity were investigated. 29169946 0 4 theme konjac 75:80 arg1 hydrogel 94:101 oxidized konjac glucomannan hydrogel 66:101 Preparation and characterization of chitosan - collagen peptide / oxidized konjac glucomannan hydrogel. 0:102 Preparation and characterization of chitosan - collagen peptide / oxidized konjac glucomannan hydrogel. 29169946 1 5 theme CS-COP 310:315 arg1 derivatives 318:328 water-soluble chitosan-collagen peptide (CS-COP) derivatives 269:328 water-soluble chitosan-collagen peptide (CS-COP) derivatives 269:328 In this paper, the microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) was used as a catalyst to graft the collagen peptide (COP) molecules on the amino group of chitosan to obtain water-soluble chitosan-collagen peptide (CS-COP) derivatives. 29169946 2 6 dep CS-COP 423:428 arg1 amino 414:418 amino 414:418 amino 414:418 The preparation of composite hydrogel was via the Schiff-base reaction between the amino of CS-COP and the aldehyde of oxidized konjac glucomannan (OKGM). 29169946 2 6 dep CS-COP 423:428 arg1 the 410:412 the 410:412 the 410:412 The preparation of composite hydrogel was via the Schiff-base reaction between the amino of CS-COP and the aldehyde of oxidized konjac glucomannan (OKGM). 29169946 4 7 theme SEM 654:656 arg1 results 643:649 The results 639:649 The results of SEM 639:656 The results of SEM showed that the hydrogel sample had a clear and stable three-dimensional network structure. 29169946 4 8 theme three-dimensional 713:729 arg1 structure 739:747 a clear and stable three-dimensional network structure 694:747 a clear and stable three-dimensional network structure 694:747 The results of SEM showed that the hydrogel sample had a clear and stable three-dimensional network structure. 29169946 4 9 theme clear 696:700 arg1 structure 739:747 a clear and stable three-dimensional network structure 694:747 a clear and stable three-dimensional network structure 694:747 The results of SEM showed that the hydrogel sample had a clear and stable three-dimensional network structure. 29169946 9 10 contain had 1166:1168 arg2 capacity 1193:1200 good blood coagulation capacity 1170:1200 good blood coagulation capacity 1170:1200 Dynamic blood clotting test showed that the hydrogels materials had good blood coagulation capacity. 29169946 9 10 contain had 1166:1168 arg1 materials 1156:1164 the hydrogels materials 1142:1164 the hydrogels materials 1142:1164 Dynamic blood clotting test showed that the hydrogels materials had good blood coagulation capacity. 29169946 4 11 theme stable 706:711 arg1 structure 739:747 a clear and stable three-dimensional network structure 694:747 a clear and stable three-dimensional network structure 694:747 The results of SEM showed that the hydrogel sample had a clear and stable three-dimensional network structure. 29169946 4 12 theme hydrogel 674:681 arg1 sample 683:688 the hydrogel sample 670:688 the hydrogel sample 670:688 The results of SEM showed that the hydrogel sample had a clear and stable three-dimensional network structure. 29169946 5 13 theme OKGM 794:797 arg1 addition 782:789 the addition 778:789 the addition of OKGM 778:797 Meanwhile, these effects of the addition of OKGM on gelation time, swelling behaviors, water evaporation rate and blood coagulation capacity were investigated. 29169946 5 14 theme swelling 817:824 arg1 behaviors 826:834 swelling behaviors 817:834 swelling behaviors 817:834 Meanwhile, these effects of the addition of OKGM on gelation time, swelling behaviors, water evaporation rate and blood coagulation capacity were investigated. 29169946 3 15 dep Fourier 551:557 arg1 transform 559:567 transform 559:567 transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 559:636 The hydrogels were characterized by various techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 29169946 2 16 theme CS-COP 423:428 arg1 reaction 393:400 the Schiff-base reaction 377:400 the Schiff-base reaction 377:400 The preparation of composite hydrogel was via the Schiff-base reaction between the amino of CS-COP and the aldehyde of oxidized konjac glucomannan (OKGM). 29169946 5 17 from effects 767:773 arg1 rate 855:858 water evaporation rate 837:858 water evaporation rate 837:858 Meanwhile, these effects of the addition of OKGM on gelation time, swelling behaviors, water evaporation rate and blood coagulation capacity were investigated. 29169946 5 17 from effects 767:773 arg1 behaviors 826:834 swelling behaviors 817:834 swelling behaviors 817:834 Meanwhile, these effects of the addition of OKGM on gelation time, swelling behaviors, water evaporation rate and blood coagulation capacity were investigated. 29169946 5 17 from effects 767:773 arg1 time 811:814 gelation time 802:814 gelation time 802:814 Meanwhile, these effects of the addition of OKGM on gelation time, swelling behaviors, water evaporation rate and blood coagulation capacity were investigated. 29169946 5 17 from effects 767:773 arg1 capacity 882:889 blood coagulation capacity 864:889 blood coagulation capacity 864:889 Meanwhile, these effects of the addition of OKGM on gelation time, swelling behaviors, water evaporation rate and blood coagulation capacity were investigated. 29169946 4 18 theme network 731:737 arg1 structure 739:747 a clear and stable three-dimensional network structure 694:747 a clear and stable three-dimensional network structure 694:747 The results of SEM showed that the hydrogel sample had a clear and stable three-dimensional network structure. 29169946 12 19 contain has 1396:1398 arg2 potential 1412:1420 a promising potential 1400:1420 a promising potential to be applied as wound dressing 1400:1452 Therefore, this hydrogel has a promising potential to be applied as wound dressing. 29169946 12 19 contain has 1396:1398 arg1 hydrogel 1387:1394 this hydrogel 1382:1394 this hydrogel 1382:1394 Therefore, this hydrogel has a promising potential to be applied as wound dressing. 29169946 2 20 theme hydrogel 360:367 arg1 preparation 335:345 The preparation 331:345 The preparation of composite hydrogel 331:367 The preparation of composite hydrogel was via the Schiff-base reaction between the amino of CS-COP and the aldehyde of oxidized konjac glucomannan (OKGM). 29169946 6 21 theme shortest 914:921 arg1 99.3s 955:959 99.3s 955:959 99.3s 955:959 The shortest gelation time for hydrogels was 99.3s. 29169946 6 21 theme shortest 914:921 arg1 time 932:935 The shortest gelation time 910:935 The shortest gelation time for hydrogels 910:949 The shortest gelation time for hydrogels was 99.3s. 29169946 2 22 theme glucomannan 466:476 arg1 CS-COP 423:428 CS-COP 423:428 CS-COP 423:428 The preparation of composite hydrogel was via the Schiff-base reaction between the amino of CS-COP and the aldehyde of oxidized konjac glucomannan (OKGM). 29169946 2 22 theme glucomannan 466:476 arg1 aldehyde 438:445 the aldehyde 434:445 the aldehyde 434:445 The preparation of composite hydrogel was via the Schiff-base reaction between the amino of CS-COP and the aldehyde of oxidized konjac glucomannan (OKGM). 29169946 10 23 theme hydrogels 1237:1245 arg1 biocompatibility 1217:1232 The biocompatibility 1213:1232 The biocompatibility of hydrogels 1213:1245 Moreover, The biocompatibility of hydrogels was evaluated with NIH-3T3 cells by MTT method. 29169946 2 24 theme composite 350:358 arg1 hydrogel 360:367 composite hydrogel 350:367 composite hydrogel 350:367 The preparation of composite hydrogel was via the Schiff-base reaction between the amino of CS-COP and the aldehyde of oxidized konjac glucomannan (OKGM). 29169946 8 25 theme swelling 1061:1068 arg1 % 1099:1099 265% 1096:1099 265% 1096:1099 The maximum swelling ratio of the hydrogel was 265%. 29169946 8 25 theme swelling 1061:1068 arg1 ratio 1070:1074 The maximum swelling ratio 1049:1074 The maximum swelling ratio of the hydrogel 1049:1090 The maximum swelling ratio of the hydrogel was 265%. 29169946 1 26 theme amino 235:239 arg1 chitosan 250:257 chitosan 250:257 chitosan 250:257 In this paper, the microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) was used as a catalyst to graft the collagen peptide (COP) molecules on the amino group of chitosan to obtain water-soluble chitosan-collagen peptide (CS-COP) derivatives. 29169946 1 26 theme amino 235:239 arg1 group 241:245 the amino group 231:245 the amino group of chitosan to obtain water-soluble chitosan-collagen peptide (CS-COP) derivatives 231:328 In this paper, the microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) was used as a catalyst to graft the collagen peptide (COP) molecules on the amino group of chitosan to obtain water-soluble chitosan-collagen peptide (CS-COP) derivatives. 29169946 9 27 theme good 1170:1173 arg1 capacity 1193:1200 good blood coagulation capacity 1170:1200 good blood coagulation capacity 1170:1200 Dynamic blood clotting test showed that the hydrogels materials had good blood coagulation capacity. 29169946 10 28 theme MTT 1283:1285 arg1 method 1287:1292 MTT method 1283:1292 MTT method 1283:1292 Moreover, The biocompatibility of hydrogels was evaluated with NIH-3T3 cells by MTT method. 29169946 6 29 theme gelation 923:930 arg1 99.3s 955:959 99.3s 955:959 99.3s 955:959 The shortest gelation time for hydrogels was 99.3s. 29169946 6 29 theme gelation 923:930 arg1 time 932:935 The shortest gelation time 910:935 The shortest gelation time for hydrogels 910:949 The shortest gelation time for hydrogels was 99.3s. 29169946 9 30 theme blood 1175:1179 arg1 capacity 1193:1200 good blood coagulation capacity 1170:1200 good blood coagulation capacity 1170:1200 Dynamic blood clotting test showed that the hydrogels materials had good blood coagulation capacity. 29169946 5 31 theme addition 782:789 arg1 Meanwhile 750:758 Meanwhile 750:758 Meanwhile 750:758 Meanwhile, these effects of the addition of OKGM on gelation time, swelling behaviors, water evaporation rate and blood coagulation capacity were investigated. 29169946 5 31 theme addition 782:789 arg1 effects 767:773 these effects 761:773 these effects of the addition of OKGM on gelation time, swelling behaviors, water evaporation rate and blood coagulation capacity 761:889 Meanwhile, these effects of the addition of OKGM on gelation time, swelling behaviors, water evaporation rate and blood coagulation capacity were investigated. 29169946 4 32 contain had 690:692 arg2 structure 739:747 a clear and stable three-dimensional network structure 694:747 a clear and stable three-dimensional network structure 694:747 The results of SEM showed that the hydrogel sample had a clear and stable three-dimensional network structure. 29169946 4 32 contain had 690:692 arg1 sample 683:688 the hydrogel sample 670:688 the hydrogel sample 670:688 The results of SEM showed that the hydrogel sample had a clear and stable three-dimensional network structure. 29169946 9 33 theme coagulation 1181:1191 arg1 capacity 1193:1200 good blood coagulation capacity 1170:1200 good blood coagulation capacity 1170:1200 Dynamic blood clotting test showed that the hydrogels materials had good blood coagulation capacity. 29169946 3 34 theme various 522:528 arg1 Fourier 551:557 Fourier 551:557 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 551:636 The hydrogels were characterized by various techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 29169946 3 34 theme various 522:528 arg1 techniques 530:539 various techniques 522:539 various techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 522:636 The hydrogels were characterized by various techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 29169946 2 35 theme Schiff-base 381:391 arg1 reaction 393:400 the Schiff-base reaction 377:400 the Schiff-base reaction 377:400 The preparation of composite hydrogel was via the Schiff-base reaction between the amino of CS-COP and the aldehyde of oxidized konjac glucomannan (OKGM). 29169946 2 36 theme aldehyde 438:445 arg1 reaction 393:400 the Schiff-base reaction 377:400 the Schiff-base reaction 377:400 The preparation of composite hydrogel was via the Schiff-base reaction between the amino of CS-COP and the aldehyde of oxidized konjac glucomannan (OKGM). 29169946 1 37 theme chitosan 250:257 arg1 chitosan 250:257 chitosan 250:257 chitosan 250:257 In this paper, the microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) was used as a catalyst to graft the collagen peptide (COP) molecules on the amino group of chitosan to obtain water-soluble chitosan-collagen peptide (CS-COP) derivatives. 29169946 1 37 theme chitosan 250:257 arg1 group 241:245 the amino group 231:245 the amino group of chitosan to obtain water-soluble chitosan-collagen peptide (CS-COP) derivatives 231:328 In this paper, the microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) was used as a catalyst to graft the collagen peptide (COP) molecules on the amino group of chitosan to obtain water-soluble chitosan-collagen peptide (CS-COP) derivatives. 29169946 7 38 theme appropriate 1011:1021 arg1 capacity 1039:1046 appropriate water retention capacity 1011:1046 appropriate water retention capacity 1011:1046 The hydrogels showed a good swelling ability and appropriate water retention capacity. 29169946 10 39 theme NIH-3T3 1266:1272 arg1 cells 1274:1278 NIH-3T3 cells 1266:1278 NIH-3T3 cells 1266:1278 Moreover, The biocompatibility of hydrogels was evaluated with NIH-3T3 cells by MTT method. 29169946 0 40 theme chitosan 36:43 arg1 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 Preparation and characterization of chitosan - collagen peptide / oxidized konjac glucomannan hydrogel. 29169946 0 40 theme chitosan 36:43 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and characterization of chitosan - collagen peptide / oxidized konjac glucomannan hydrogel. 29169946 1 41 from molecules 218:226 arg1 chitosan 250:257 chitosan 250:257 chitosan 250:257 In this paper, the microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) was used as a catalyst to graft the collagen peptide (COP) molecules on the amino group of chitosan to obtain water-soluble chitosan-collagen peptide (CS-COP) derivatives. 29169946 1 41 from molecules 218:226 arg1 group 241:245 the amino group 231:245 the amino group of chitosan to obtain water-soluble chitosan-collagen peptide (CS-COP) derivatives 231:328 In this paper, the microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) was used as a catalyst to graft the collagen peptide (COP) molecules on the amino group of chitosan to obtain water-soluble chitosan-collagen peptide (CS-COP) derivatives. 29169946 3 42 theme scanning 603:610 arg1 microscopy 621:630 scanning electron microscopy 603:630 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 603:636 The hydrogels were characterized by various techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 29169946 3 42 theme scanning 603:610 arg1 SEM 633:635 SEM 633:635 SEM 633:635 The hydrogels were characterized by various techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 29169946 5 43 theme gelation 802:809 arg1 time 811:814 gelation time 802:814 gelation time 802:814 Meanwhile, these effects of the addition of OKGM on gelation time, swelling behaviors, water evaporation rate and blood coagulation capacity were investigated. 29169946 3 44 theme electron 612:619 arg1 microscopy 621:630 scanning electron microscopy 603:630 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 603:636 The hydrogels were characterized by various techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 29169946 3 44 theme electron 612:619 arg1 SEM 633:635 SEM 633:635 SEM 633:635 The hydrogels were characterized by various techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 29169946 8 45 theme hydrogel 1083:1090 arg1 % 1099:1099 265% 1096:1099 265% 1096:1099 The maximum swelling ratio of the hydrogel was 265%. 29169946 8 45 theme hydrogel 1083:1090 arg1 ratio 1070:1074 The maximum swelling ratio 1049:1074 The maximum swelling ratio of the hydrogel 1049:1090 The maximum swelling ratio of the hydrogel was 265%. 29169946 7 46 theme water 1023:1027 arg1 capacity 1039:1046 appropriate water retention capacity 1011:1046 appropriate water retention capacity 1011:1046 The hydrogels showed a good swelling ability and appropriate water retention capacity. 29169946 0 47 theme collagen 47:54 arg1 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 Preparation and characterization of chitosan - collagen peptide / oxidized konjac glucomannan hydrogel. 29169946 0 47 theme collagen 47:54 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and characterization of chitosan - collagen peptide / oxidized konjac glucomannan hydrogel. 29169946 1 48 theme water-soluble 269:281 arg1 derivatives 318:328 water-soluble chitosan-collagen peptide (CS-COP) derivatives 269:328 water-soluble chitosan-collagen peptide (CS-COP) derivatives 269:328 In this paper, the microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) was used as a catalyst to graft the collagen peptide (COP) molecules on the amino group of chitosan to obtain water-soluble chitosan-collagen peptide (CS-COP) derivatives. 29169946 7 49 theme retention 1029:1037 arg1 capacity 1039:1046 appropriate water retention capacity 1011:1046 appropriate water retention capacity 1011:1046 The hydrogels showed a good swelling ability and appropriate water retention capacity. 29169946 0 50 dep chitosan 36:43 arg1 peptide 56:62 peptide 56:62 peptide 56:62 Preparation and characterization of chitosan - collagen peptide / oxidized konjac glucomannan hydrogel. 29169946 5 51 theme blood 864:868 arg1 capacity 882:889 blood coagulation capacity 864:889 blood coagulation capacity 864:889 Meanwhile, these effects of the addition of OKGM on gelation time, swelling behaviors, water evaporation rate and blood coagulation capacity were investigated. 29169946 1 52 theme chitosan-collagen 283:299 arg1 derivatives 318:328 water-soluble chitosan-collagen peptide (CS-COP) derivatives 269:328 water-soluble chitosan-collagen peptide (CS-COP) derivatives 269:328 In this paper, the microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) was used as a catalyst to graft the collagen peptide (COP) molecules on the amino group of chitosan to obtain water-soluble chitosan-collagen peptide (CS-COP) derivatives. 29169946 7 53 theme good 985:988 arg1 ability 999:1005 a good swelling ability 983:1005 a good swelling ability 983:1005 The hydrogels showed a good swelling ability and appropriate water retention capacity. 29169946 12 54 theme wound 1439:1443 arg1 dressing 1445:1452 wound dressing 1439:1452 wound dressing 1439:1452 Therefore, this hydrogel has a promising potential to be applied as wound dressing. 29169946 5 55 theme coagulation 870:880 arg1 capacity 882:889 blood coagulation capacity 864:889 blood coagulation capacity 864:889 Meanwhile, these effects of the addition of OKGM on gelation time, swelling behaviors, water evaporation rate and blood coagulation capacity were investigated. 29169946 1 56 theme collagen 195:202 arg1 molecules 218:226 the collagen peptide (COP) molecules 191:226 the collagen peptide (COP) molecules on the amino group of chitosan to obtain water-soluble chitosan-collagen peptide (CS-COP) derivatives 191:328 In this paper, the microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) was used as a catalyst to graft the collagen peptide (COP) molecules on the amino group of chitosan to obtain water-soluble chitosan-collagen peptide (CS-COP) derivatives. 29169946 7 57 theme swelling 990:997 arg1 ability 999:1005 a good swelling ability 983:1005 a good swelling ability 983:1005 The hydrogels showed a good swelling ability and appropriate water retention capacity. 29169946 9 58 theme Dynamic 1102:1108 arg1 test 1125:1128 Dynamic blood clotting test 1102:1128 Dynamic blood clotting test 1102:1128 Dynamic blood clotting test showed that the hydrogels materials had good blood coagulation capacity. 29169946 1 59 theme microbial 123:131 arg1 MTGase 151:156 MTGase 151:156 MTGase 151:156 In this paper, the microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) was used as a catalyst to graft the collagen peptide (COP) molecules on the amino group of chitosan to obtain water-soluble chitosan-collagen peptide (CS-COP) derivatives. 29169946 1 59 theme microbial 123:131 arg1 catalyst 173:180 a catalyst 171:180 a catalyst 171:180 In this paper, the microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) was used as a catalyst to graft the collagen peptide (COP) molecules on the amino group of chitosan to obtain water-soluble chitosan-collagen peptide (CS-COP) derivatives. 29169946 1 59 theme microbial 123:131 arg1 transglutaminase 133:148 the microbial transglutaminase 119:148 the microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) 119:157 In this paper, the microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) was used as a catalyst to graft the collagen peptide (COP) molecules on the amino group of chitosan to obtain water-soluble chitosan-collagen peptide (CS-COP) derivatives. 29169946 9 60 theme hydrogels 1146:1154 arg1 materials 1156:1164 the hydrogels materials 1142:1164 the hydrogels materials 1142:1164 Dynamic blood clotting test showed that the hydrogels materials had good blood coagulation capacity. 29169946 1 61 theme peptide 204:210 arg1 molecules 218:226 the collagen peptide (COP) molecules 191:226 the collagen peptide (COP) molecules on the amino group of chitosan to obtain water-soluble chitosan-collagen peptide (CS-COP) derivatives 191:328 In this paper, the microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) was used as a catalyst to graft the collagen peptide (COP) molecules on the amino group of chitosan to obtain water-soluble chitosan-collagen peptide (CS-COP) derivatives. 29169946 0 62 theme oxidized 66:73 arg1 hydrogel 94:101 oxidized konjac glucomannan hydrogel 66:101 Preparation and characterization of chitosan - collagen peptide / oxidized konjac glucomannan hydrogel. 0:102 Preparation and characterization of chitosan - collagen peptide / oxidized konjac glucomannan hydrogel. 29169946 1 63 used used 163:166 arg2 MTGase 151:156 MTGase 151:156 MTGase 151:156 In this paper, the microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) was used as a catalyst to graft the collagen peptide (COP) molecules on the amino group of chitosan to obtain water-soluble chitosan-collagen peptide (CS-COP) derivatives. 29169946 1 63 used used 163:166 arg2 transglutaminase 133:148 the microbial transglutaminase 119:148 the microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) 119:157 In this paper, the microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) was used as a catalyst to graft the collagen peptide (COP) molecules on the amino group of chitosan to obtain water-soluble chitosan-collagen peptide (CS-COP) derivatives. 29169946 1 63 used used 163:166 arg2 catalyst 173:180 a catalyst 171:180 a catalyst 171:180 In this paper, the microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) was used as a catalyst to graft the collagen peptide (COP) molecules on the amino group of chitosan to obtain water-soluble chitosan-collagen peptide (CS-COP) derivatives. 29169946 9 64 theme blood 1110:1114 arg1 test 1125:1128 Dynamic blood clotting test 1102:1128 Dynamic blood clotting test 1102:1128 Dynamic blood clotting test showed that the hydrogels materials had good blood coagulation capacity. 29169946 3 65 dep transform 559:567 arg1 infrared 569:576 infrared 569:576 transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 559:636 The hydrogels were characterized by various techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 29169946 2 66 theme konjac 459:464 arg1 OKGM 479:482 OKGM 479:482 OKGM 479:482 The preparation of composite hydrogel was via the Schiff-base reaction between the amino of CS-COP and the aldehyde of oxidized konjac glucomannan (OKGM). 29169946 2 66 theme konjac 459:464 arg1 glucomannan 466:476 oxidized konjac glucomannan 450:476 oxidized konjac glucomannan (OKGM) 450:483 The preparation of composite hydrogel was via the Schiff-base reaction between the amino of CS-COP and the aldehyde of oxidized konjac glucomannan (OKGM). 29169946 1 67 theme peptide 301:307 arg1 derivatives 318:328 water-soluble chitosan-collagen peptide (CS-COP) derivatives 269:328 water-soluble chitosan-collagen peptide (CS-COP) derivatives 269:328 In this paper, the microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) was used as a catalyst to graft the collagen peptide (COP) molecules on the amino group of chitosan to obtain water-soluble chitosan-collagen peptide (CS-COP) derivatives. 29169946 0 68 dep Preparation 0:10 arg1 hydrogel 94:101 oxidized konjac glucomannan hydrogel 66:101 Preparation and characterization of chitosan - collagen peptide / oxidized konjac glucomannan hydrogel. 0:102 Preparation and characterization of chitosan - collagen peptide / oxidized konjac glucomannan hydrogel. 29169946 9 69 theme clotting 1116:1123 arg1 test 1125:1128 Dynamic blood clotting test 1102:1128 Dynamic blood clotting test 1102:1128 Dynamic blood clotting test showed that the hydrogels materials had good blood coagulation capacity. 29169946 5 70 theme water 837:841 arg1 rate 855:858 water evaporation rate 837:858 water evaporation rate 837:858 Meanwhile, these effects of the addition of OKGM on gelation time, swelling behaviors, water evaporation rate and blood coagulation capacity were investigated. 29169946 8 71 theme maximum 1053:1059 arg1 % 1099:1099 265% 1096:1099 265% 1096:1099 The maximum swelling ratio of the hydrogel was 265%. 29169946 8 71 theme maximum 1053:1059 arg1 ratio 1070:1074 The maximum swelling ratio 1049:1074 The maximum swelling ratio of the hydrogel 1049:1090 The maximum swelling ratio of the hydrogel was 265%. 29169946 1 72 theme COP 213:215 arg1 molecules 218:226 the collagen peptide (COP) molecules 191:226 the collagen peptide (COP) molecules on the amino group of chitosan to obtain water-soluble chitosan-collagen peptide (CS-COP) derivatives 191:328 In this paper, the microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) was used as a catalyst to graft the collagen peptide (COP) molecules on the amino group of chitosan to obtain water-soluble chitosan-collagen peptide (CS-COP) derivatives. 24534432 2 0 theme wide-angle 489:498 arg1 XRD 519:521 XRD 519:521 XRD 519:521 The fabricated multilayer films were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD). 24534432 2 0 theme wide-angle 489:498 arg1 diffraction 506:516 wide-angle X-ray diffraction 489:516 wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) 489:522 The fabricated multilayer films were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD). 24534432 1 1 theme charged 179:185 arg1 Lys 197:199 Lys 197:199 Lys 197:199 Negatively charged gold nanoparticles (GNP) and positively charged lysozyme (Lys) were alternately deposited on negatively charged cellulose mats via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. 24534432 1 1 theme charged 179:185 arg1 lysozyme 187:194 positively charged lysozyme 168:194 positively charged lysozyme (Lys) 168:200 Negatively charged gold nanoparticles (GNP) and positively charged lysozyme (Lys) were alternately deposited on negatively charged cellulose mats via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. 24534432 1 2 theme layer-by-layer 270:283 arg1 technique 305:313 layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique 270:313 layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique 270:313 Negatively charged gold nanoparticles (GNP) and positively charged lysozyme (Lys) were alternately deposited on negatively charged cellulose mats via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. 24534432 5 3 theme inhibition 785:794 arg1 assay 796:800 microbial inhibition assay 775:800 microbial inhibition assay 775:800 Additionally, the result of microbial inhibition assay indicated that the composite nanofibrous mats had excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which could be used for antimicrobial packing, tissue engineering, wound dressing, etc. 24534432 3 4 theme coated 552:557 arg1 mats 559:562 the LBL film coated mats 539:562 the LBL film coated mats 539:562 Morphology of the LBL film coated mats was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 24534432 5 5 theme tissue 984:989 arg1 packing 975:981 antimicrobial packing 961:981 antimicrobial packing 961:981 Additionally, the result of microbial inhibition assay indicated that the composite nanofibrous mats had excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which could be used for antimicrobial packing, tissue engineering, wound dressing, etc. 24534432 5 5 theme tissue 984:989 arg1 engineering 991:1001 tissue engineering 984:1001 tissue engineering 984:1001 Additionally, the result of microbial inhibition assay indicated that the composite nanofibrous mats had excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which could be used for antimicrobial packing, tissue engineering, wound dressing, etc. 24534432 3 6 theme LBL 543:545 arg1 mats 559:562 the LBL film coated mats 539:562 the LBL film coated mats 539:562 Morphology of the LBL film coated mats was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 24534432 1 7 theme LBL 286:288 arg1 technique 305:313 layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique 270:313 layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique 270:313 Negatively charged gold nanoparticles (GNP) and positively charged lysozyme (Lys) were alternately deposited on negatively charged cellulose mats via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. 24534432 2 8 theme energy-dispersive 370:386 arg1 EDX 395:397 EDX 395:397 EDX 395:397 The fabricated multilayer films were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD). 24534432 2 8 theme energy-dispersive 370:386 arg1 X-ray 388:392 energy-dispersive X-ray 370:392 energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) 370:398 The fabricated multilayer films were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD). 24534432 4 9 theme differential 668:679 arg1 DSC 703:705 DSC 703:705 DSC 703:705 Thermal degradation properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 24534432 4 9 theme differential 668:679 arg1 calorimetry 690:700 differential scanning calorimetry 668:700 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 668:706 Thermal degradation properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 24534432 5 10 theme antibacterial 862:874 arg1 activity 876:883 excellent antibacterial activity 852:883 excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus 852:934 Additionally, the result of microbial inhibition assay indicated that the composite nanofibrous mats had excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which could be used for antimicrobial packing, tissue engineering, wound dressing, etc. 24534432 5 11 theme assay 796:800 arg1 result 765:770 the result 761:770 the result of microbial inhibition assay 761:800 Additionally, the result of microbial inhibition assay indicated that the composite nanofibrous mats had excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which could be used for antimicrobial packing, tissue engineering, wound dressing, etc. 24534432 2 12 dep Fourier 441:447 arg1 transform 449:457 transform 449:457 transform infrared spectra 449:474 The fabricated multilayer films were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD). 24534432 0 13 theme Antibacterial 0:12 arg1 films 25:29 Antibacterial multilayer films 0:29 Antibacterial multilayer films 0:29 Antibacterial multilayer films fabricated by layer-by-layer immobilizing lysozyme and gold nanoparticles on nanofibers. 24534432 2 14 theme photoelectron 407:419 arg1 XPS 435:437 XPS 435:437 XPS 435:437 The fabricated multilayer films were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD). 24534432 2 14 theme photoelectron 407:419 arg1 spectroscopy 421:432 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 401:432 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 401:438 The fabricated multilayer films were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD). 24534432 0 15 theme multilayer 14:23 arg1 films 25:29 Antibacterial multilayer films 0:29 Antibacterial multilayer films 0:29 Antibacterial multilayer films fabricated by layer-by-layer immobilizing lysozyme and gold nanoparticles on nanofibers. 24534432 5 16 contain had 848:850 arg2 activity 876:883 excellent antibacterial activity 852:883 excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus 852:934 Additionally, the result of microbial inhibition assay indicated that the composite nanofibrous mats had excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which could be used for antimicrobial packing, tissue engineering, wound dressing, etc. 24534432 5 16 contain had 848:850 arg1 mats 843:846 the composite nanofibrous mats 817:846 the composite nanofibrous mats 817:846 Additionally, the result of microbial inhibition assay indicated that the composite nanofibrous mats had excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which could be used for antimicrobial packing, tissue engineering, wound dressing, etc. 24534432 3 17 theme mats 559:562 arg1 Morphology 525:534 Morphology 525:534 Morphology of the LBL film coated mats 525:562 Morphology of the LBL film coated mats was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 24534432 2 18 theme X-ray 401:405 arg1 XPS 435:437 XPS 435:437 XPS 435:437 The fabricated multilayer films were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD). 24534432 2 18 theme X-ray 401:405 arg1 spectroscopy 421:432 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 401:432 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 401:438 The fabricated multilayer films were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD). 24534432 2 19 theme infrared 459:466 arg1 spectra 468:474 infrared spectra 459:474 infrared spectra 459:474 The fabricated multilayer films were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD). 24534432 2 20 theme multilayer 331:340 arg1 films 342:346 The fabricated multilayer films 316:346 The fabricated multilayer films 316:346 The fabricated multilayer films were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD). 24534432 5 21 used used 952:955 arg2 which 937:941 which 937:941 which 937:941 Additionally, the result of microbial inhibition assay indicated that the composite nanofibrous mats had excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which could be used for antimicrobial packing, tissue engineering, wound dressing, etc. 24534432 1 22 theme self-assembly 291:303 arg1 technique 305:313 layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique 270:313 layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique 270:313 Negatively charged gold nanoparticles (GNP) and positively charged lysozyme (Lys) were alternately deposited on negatively charged cellulose mats via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. 24534432 2 23 theme fabricated 320:329 arg1 films 342:346 The fabricated multilayer films 316:346 The fabricated multilayer films 316:346 The fabricated multilayer films were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD). 24534432 4 24 theme Thermal 616:622 arg1 properties 636:645 Thermal degradation properties 616:645 Thermal degradation properties 616:645 Thermal degradation properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 24534432 5 25 theme composite 821:829 arg1 mats 843:846 the composite nanofibrous mats 817:846 the composite nanofibrous mats 817:846 Additionally, the result of microbial inhibition assay indicated that the composite nanofibrous mats had excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which could be used for antimicrobial packing, tissue engineering, wound dressing, etc. 24534432 5 26 theme antimicrobial 961:973 arg1 packing 975:981 antimicrobial packing 961:981 antimicrobial packing 961:981 Additionally, the result of microbial inhibition assay indicated that the composite nanofibrous mats had excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which could be used for antimicrobial packing, tissue engineering, wound dressing, etc. 24534432 5 26 theme antimicrobial 961:973 arg1 engineering 991:1001 tissue engineering 984:1001 tissue engineering 984:1001 Additionally, the result of microbial inhibition assay indicated that the composite nanofibrous mats had excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which could be used for antimicrobial packing, tissue engineering, wound dressing, etc. 24534432 5 26 theme antimicrobial 961:973 arg1 dressing 1010:1017 wound dressing 1004:1017 wound dressing 1004:1017 Additionally, the result of microbial inhibition assay indicated that the composite nanofibrous mats had excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which could be used for antimicrobial packing, tissue engineering, wound dressing, etc. 24534432 5 26 theme antimicrobial 961:973 arg1 etc 1020:1022 etc 1020:1022 etc 1020:1022 Additionally, the result of microbial inhibition assay indicated that the composite nanofibrous mats had excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which could be used for antimicrobial packing, tissue engineering, wound dressing, etc. 24534432 1 27 theme charged 131:137 arg1 GNP 159:161 GNP 159:161 GNP 159:161 Negatively charged gold nanoparticles (GNP) and positively charged lysozyme (Lys) were alternately deposited on negatively charged cellulose mats via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. 24534432 1 27 theme charged 131:137 arg1 nanoparticles 144:156 Negatively charged gold nanoparticles 120:156 Negatively charged gold nanoparticles (GNP) 120:162 Negatively charged gold nanoparticles (GNP) and positively charged lysozyme (Lys) were alternately deposited on negatively charged cellulose mats via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. 24534432 0 28 theme layer-by-layer 45:58 arg1 lysozyme 73:80 layer-by-layer immobilizing lysozyme 45:80 layer-by-layer immobilizing lysozyme 45:80 Antibacterial multilayer films fabricated by layer-by-layer immobilizing lysozyme and gold nanoparticles on nanofibers. 24534432 0 29 from nanoparticles 91:103 arg1 nanofibers 108:117 nanofibers 108:117 nanofibers 108:117 Antibacterial multilayer films fabricated by layer-by-layer immobilizing lysozyme and gold nanoparticles on nanofibers. 24534432 3 30 theme scanning 580:587 arg1 SEM 610:612 SEM 610:612 SEM 610:612 Morphology of the LBL film coated mats was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 24534432 3 30 theme scanning 580:587 arg1 microscopy 598:607 scanning electron microscopy 580:607 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 580:613 Morphology of the LBL film coated mats was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 24534432 5 31 theme microbial 775:783 arg1 assay 796:800 microbial inhibition assay 775:800 microbial inhibition assay 775:800 Additionally, the result of microbial inhibition assay indicated that the composite nanofibrous mats had excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which could be used for antimicrobial packing, tissue engineering, wound dressing, etc. 24534432 3 32 theme electron 589:596 arg1 SEM 610:612 SEM 610:612 SEM 610:612 Morphology of the LBL film coated mats was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 24534432 3 32 theme electron 589:596 arg1 microscopy 598:607 scanning electron microscopy 580:607 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 580:613 Morphology of the LBL film coated mats was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 24534432 4 33 theme degradation 624:634 arg1 properties 636:645 Thermal degradation properties 616:645 Thermal degradation properties 616:645 Thermal degradation properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 24534432 0 34 theme lysozyme 73:80 arg1 nanoparticles 91:103 layer-by-layer immobilizing lysozyme and gold nanoparticles 45:103 layer-by-layer immobilizing lysozyme and gold nanoparticles on nanofibers 45:117 Antibacterial multilayer films fabricated by layer-by-layer immobilizing lysozyme and gold nanoparticles on nanofibers. 24534432 1 35 theme gold 139:142 arg1 GNP 159:161 GNP 159:161 GNP 159:161 Negatively charged gold nanoparticles (GNP) and positively charged lysozyme (Lys) were alternately deposited on negatively charged cellulose mats via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. 24534432 1 35 theme gold 139:142 arg1 nanoparticles 144:156 Negatively charged gold nanoparticles 120:156 Negatively charged gold nanoparticles (GNP) 120:162 Negatively charged gold nanoparticles (GNP) and positively charged lysozyme (Lys) were alternately deposited on negatively charged cellulose mats via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. 24534432 0 36 theme immobilizing 60:71 arg1 lysozyme 73:80 layer-by-layer immobilizing lysozyme 45:80 layer-by-layer immobilizing lysozyme 45:80 Antibacterial multilayer films fabricated by layer-by-layer immobilizing lysozyme and gold nanoparticles on nanofibers. 24534432 5 37 dep had 848:850 arg1 used 952:955 used 952:955 could be used for antimicrobial packing, tissue engineering, wound dressing, etc 943:1022 Additionally, the result of microbial inhibition assay indicated that the composite nanofibrous mats had excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which could be used for antimicrobial packing, tissue engineering, wound dressing, etc. 24534432 5 38 theme wound 1004:1008 arg1 packing 975:981 antimicrobial packing 961:981 antimicrobial packing 961:981 Additionally, the result of microbial inhibition assay indicated that the composite nanofibrous mats had excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which could be used for antimicrobial packing, tissue engineering, wound dressing, etc. 24534432 5 38 theme wound 1004:1008 arg1 dressing 1010:1017 wound dressing 1004:1017 wound dressing 1004:1017 Additionally, the result of microbial inhibition assay indicated that the composite nanofibrous mats had excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which could be used for antimicrobial packing, tissue engineering, wound dressing, etc. 24534432 3 39 theme film 547:550 arg1 mats 559:562 the LBL film coated mats 539:562 the LBL film coated mats 539:562 Morphology of the LBL film coated mats was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 24534432 4 40 theme thermo-gravimetric 712:729 arg1 TGA 741:743 TGA 741:743 TGA 741:743 Thermal degradation properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 24534432 4 40 theme thermo-gravimetric 712:729 arg1 analysis 731:738 thermo-gravimetric analysis 712:738 thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) 712:744 Thermal degradation properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 24534432 1 41 theme charged 243:249 arg1 mats 261:264 negatively charged cellulose mats 232:264 negatively charged cellulose mats 232:264 Negatively charged gold nanoparticles (GNP) and positively charged lysozyme (Lys) were alternately deposited on negatively charged cellulose mats via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. 24534432 0 42 theme gold 86:89 arg1 nanoparticles 91:103 layer-by-layer immobilizing lysozyme and gold nanoparticles 45:103 layer-by-layer immobilizing lysozyme and gold nanoparticles on nanofibers 45:117 Antibacterial multilayer films fabricated by layer-by-layer immobilizing lysozyme and gold nanoparticles on nanofibers. 24534432 5 43 theme excellent 852:860 arg1 activity 876:883 excellent antibacterial activity 852:883 excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus 852:934 Additionally, the result of microbial inhibition assay indicated that the composite nanofibrous mats had excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which could be used for antimicrobial packing, tissue engineering, wound dressing, etc. 24534432 5 44 theme nanofibrous 831:841 arg1 mats 843:846 the composite nanofibrous mats 817:846 the composite nanofibrous mats 817:846 Additionally, the result of microbial inhibition assay indicated that the composite nanofibrous mats had excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which could be used for antimicrobial packing, tissue engineering, wound dressing, etc. 24534432 1 45 theme cellulose 251:259 arg1 mats 261:264 negatively charged cellulose mats 232:264 negatively charged cellulose mats 232:264 Negatively charged gold nanoparticles (GNP) and positively charged lysozyme (Lys) were alternately deposited on negatively charged cellulose mats via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. 24534432 2 46 theme X-ray 500:504 arg1 XRD 519:521 XRD 519:521 XRD 519:521 The fabricated multilayer films were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD). 24534432 2 46 theme X-ray 500:504 arg1 diffraction 506:516 wide-angle X-ray diffraction 489:516 wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) 489:522 The fabricated multilayer films were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD). 24534432 4 47 theme scanning 681:688 arg1 DSC 703:705 DSC 703:705 DSC 703:705 Thermal degradation properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 24534432 4 47 theme scanning 681:688 arg1 calorimetry 690:700 differential scanning calorimetry 668:700 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 668:706 Thermal degradation properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 25270891 0 0 theme mass 90:93 arg1 spectrometry 95:106 high-resolution mass spectrometry 74:106 high-resolution mass spectrometry 74:106 Oligosaccharides composition in eight food legumes species as detected by high-resolution mass spectrometry. 25270891 10 1 theme rapid 1352:1356 arg1 quantification 1358:1371 rapid quantification 1352:1371 rapid quantification of oligosaccharides in related foods 1352:1408 The developed method may be useful for rapid quantification of oligosaccharides in related foods. 25270891 0 2 theme high-resolution 74:88 arg1 spectrometry 95:106 high-resolution mass spectrometry 74:106 high-resolution mass spectrometry 74:106 Oligosaccharides composition in eight food legumes species as detected by high-resolution mass spectrometry. 25270891 0 3 from composition 17:27 arg1 species 51:57 eight food legumes species 32:57 eight food legumes species as detected by high-resolution mass spectrometry 32:106 Oligosaccharides composition in eight food legumes species as detected by high-resolution mass spectrometry. 25270891 3 4 dep RESULTS 313:319 arg1 detected 369:376 detected 369:376 detected 369:376 RESULTS In this study, eight oligosaccharides were well detected and quantified in different varieties of eight legume species using high-resolution mass spectrometry. 25270891 3 4 dep RESULTS 313:319 arg1 quantified 382:391 quantified 382:391 quantified in different varieties of eight legume species using high-resolution mass spectrometry 382:478 RESULTS In this study, eight oligosaccharides were well detected and quantified in different varieties of eight legume species using high-resolution mass spectrometry. 25270891 10 5 from foods 1404:1408 arg1 quantification 1358:1371 rapid quantification 1352:1371 rapid quantification of oligosaccharides in related foods 1352:1408 The developed method may be useful for rapid quantification of oligosaccharides in related foods. 25270891 5 6 theme Vicia 710:714 arg1 faba 716:719 Vicia faba 710:719 Vicia faba 710:719 Among the studied species, Vigna unguiculata is a better resource of non-digestible oligosaccharides, while Vicia faba and black soybean (Glycine max) are at a disadvantage. 25270891 6 7 theme mung 855:858 arg1 bean 860:863 mung bean 855:863 mung bean 855:863 Normally, stachyose predominates in non-digestible oligosaccharides, except in mung bean and broad bean, where verbascose predominates. 25270891 7 8 theme seed 949:952 arg1 coat 954:957 the seed coat 945:957 the seed coat 945:957 For mung bean and green soybean, the seed coat should be taken into account for oligosaccharide consumption. 25270891 9 9 theme useful 1279:1284 arg1 information 1286:1296 useful information 1279:1296 useful information for consumers 1279:1310 CONCLUSION This work involved extensive sample collecting and provided useful information for consumers. 25270891 10 10 theme related 1396:1402 arg1 foods 1404:1408 related foods 1396:1408 related foods 1396:1408 The developed method may be useful for rapid quantification of oligosaccharides in related foods. 25270891 9 11 dep CONCLUSION 1208:1217 arg1 provided 1270:1277 provided 1270:1277 provided useful information for consumers 1270:1310 CONCLUSION This work involved extensive sample collecting and provided useful information for consumers. 25270891 9 11 dep CONCLUSION 1208:1217 arg1 involved 1229:1236 involved 1229:1236 involved extensive sample collecting 1229:1264 CONCLUSION This work involved extensive sample collecting and provided useful information for consumers. 25270891 8 12 theme preparation 1106:1116 arg1 process 1118:1124 the sample preparation process 1095:1124 the sample preparation process 1095:1124 The developed high-resolution mass spectrometry method greatly simplified the sample preparation process and permitted the identification of oligosaccharides without reference compounds. 25270891 5 13 theme better 652:657 arg1 resource 659:666 a better resource 650:666 a better resource of non-digestible oligosaccharides 650:701 Among the studied species, Vigna unguiculata is a better resource of non-digestible oligosaccharides, while Vicia faba and black soybean (Glycine max) are at a disadvantage. 25270891 5 13 theme better 652:657 arg1 unguiculata 635:645 Vigna unguiculata 629:645 Vigna unguiculata 629:645 Among the studied species, Vigna unguiculata is a better resource of non-digestible oligosaccharides, while Vicia faba and black soybean (Glycine max) are at a disadvantage. 25270891 1 14 theme healthy 179:185 arg1 foods 187:191 healthy foods 179:191 healthy foods to reduce disease risk 179:214 BACKGROUND As probiotics, soy oligosaccharides have become popular as healthy foods to reduce disease risk. 25270891 3 15 theme species 432:438 arg1 varieties 406:414 different varieties 396:414 different varieties of eight legume species 396:438 RESULTS In this study, eight oligosaccharides were well detected and quantified in different varieties of eight legume species using high-resolution mass spectrometry. 25270891 3 15 theme species 432:438 arg1 species 432:438 eight legume species 419:438 eight legume species 419:438 RESULTS In this study, eight oligosaccharides were well detected and quantified in different varieties of eight legume species using high-resolution mass spectrometry. 25270891 5 16 theme studied 612:618 arg1 species 620:626 the studied species 608:626 the studied species 608:626 Among the studied species, Vigna unguiculata is a better resource of non-digestible oligosaccharides, while Vicia faba and black soybean (Glycine max) are at a disadvantage. 25270891 10 17 theme oligosaccharides 1376:1391 arg1 quantification 1358:1371 rapid quantification 1352:1371 rapid quantification of oligosaccharides in related foods 1352:1408 The developed method may be useful for rapid quantification of oligosaccharides in related foods. 25270891 5 18 theme non-digestible 671:684 arg1 oligosaccharides 686:701 non-digestible oligosaccharides 671:701 non-digestible oligosaccharides 671:701 Among the studied species, Vigna unguiculata is a better resource of non-digestible oligosaccharides, while Vicia faba and black soybean (Glycine max) are at a disadvantage. 25270891 8 19 theme developed 1025:1033 arg1 method 1069:1074 The developed high-resolution mass spectrometry method 1021:1074 The developed high-resolution mass spectrometry method 1021:1074 The developed high-resolution mass spectrometry method greatly simplified the sample preparation process and permitted the identification of oligosaccharides without reference compounds. 25270891 2 20 from information 240:250 arg1 legumes 293:299 different food legumes 278:299 different food legumes 278:299 However, comprehensive information about oligosaccharides in different food legumes is limited. 25270891 3 21 theme high-resolution 446:460 arg1 spectrometry 467:478 high-resolution mass spectrometry 446:478 high-resolution mass spectrometry 446:478 RESULTS In this study, eight oligosaccharides were well detected and quantified in different varieties of eight legume species using high-resolution mass spectrometry. 25270891 3 22 located detected 369:376 arg2 oligosaccharides 342:357 eight oligosaccharides 336:357 eight oligosaccharides 336:357 RESULTS In this study, eight oligosaccharides were well detected and quantified in different varieties of eight legume species using high-resolution mass spectrometry. 25270891 3 22 located detected 369:376 arg1 study 329:333 this study 324:333 this study 324:333 RESULTS In this study, eight oligosaccharides were well detected and quantified in different varieties of eight legume species using high-resolution mass spectrometry. 25270891 8 23 theme oligosaccharides 1162:1177 arg1 identification 1144:1157 the identification 1140:1157 the identification of oligosaccharides without reference compounds 1140:1205 The developed high-resolution mass spectrometry method greatly simplified the sample preparation process and permitted the identification of oligosaccharides without reference compounds. 25270891 5 24 theme oligosaccharides 686:701 arg1 resource 659:666 a better resource 650:666 a better resource of non-digestible oligosaccharides 650:701 Among the studied species, Vigna unguiculata is a better resource of non-digestible oligosaccharides, while Vicia faba and black soybean (Glycine max) are at a disadvantage. 25270891 5 24 theme oligosaccharides 686:701 arg1 unguiculata 635:645 Vigna unguiculata 629:645 Vigna unguiculata 629:645 Among the studied species, Vigna unguiculata is a better resource of non-digestible oligosaccharides, while Vicia faba and black soybean (Glycine max) are at a disadvantage. 25270891 6 25 theme non-digestible 812:825 arg1 oligosaccharides 827:842 non-digestible oligosaccharides 812:842 non-digestible oligosaccharides 812:842 Normally, stachyose predominates in non-digestible oligosaccharides, except in mung bean and broad bean, where verbascose predominates. 25270891 3 26 theme mass 462:465 arg1 spectrometry 467:478 high-resolution mass spectrometry 446:478 high-resolution mass spectrometry 446:478 RESULTS In this study, eight oligosaccharides were well detected and quantified in different varieties of eight legume species using high-resolution mass spectrometry. 25270891 4 27 theme modes 595:599 arg1 content 544:550 total content 538:550 total content of oligosaccharides and their distribution modes 538:599 It was determined that species could be distinguished by total content of oligosaccharides and their distribution modes. 25270891 5 28 theme Glycine 740:746 arg1 soybean 731:737 black soybean 725:737 black soybean (Glycine max) 725:751 Among the studied species, Vigna unguiculata is a better resource of non-digestible oligosaccharides, while Vicia faba and black soybean (Glycine max) are at a disadvantage. 25270891 5 28 theme Glycine 740:746 arg1 max 748:750 Glycine max 740:750 Glycine max 740:750 Among the studied species, Vigna unguiculata is a better resource of non-digestible oligosaccharides, while Vicia faba and black soybean (Glycine max) are at a disadvantage. 25270891 5 29 theme Vigna 629:633 arg1 resource 659:666 a better resource 650:666 a better resource of non-digestible oligosaccharides 650:701 Among the studied species, Vigna unguiculata is a better resource of non-digestible oligosaccharides, while Vicia faba and black soybean (Glycine max) are at a disadvantage. 25270891 5 29 theme Vigna 629:633 arg1 unguiculata 635:645 Vigna unguiculata 629:645 Vigna unguiculata 629:645 Among the studied species, Vigna unguiculata is a better resource of non-digestible oligosaccharides, while Vicia faba and black soybean (Glycine max) are at a disadvantage. 25270891 10 30 from quantification 1358:1371 arg1 foods 1404:1408 related foods 1396:1408 related foods 1396:1408 The developed method may be useful for rapid quantification of oligosaccharides in related foods. 25270891 1 31 theme disease 203:209 arg1 risk 211:214 disease risk 203:214 disease risk 203:214 BACKGROUND As probiotics, soy oligosaccharides have become popular as healthy foods to reduce disease risk. 25270891 3 32 theme different 396:404 arg1 varieties 406:414 different varieties 396:414 different varieties of eight legume species 396:438 RESULTS In this study, eight oligosaccharides were well detected and quantified in different varieties of eight legume species using high-resolution mass spectrometry. 25270891 3 32 theme different 396:404 arg1 species 432:438 eight legume species 419:438 eight legume species 419:438 RESULTS In this study, eight oligosaccharides were well detected and quantified in different varieties of eight legume species using high-resolution mass spectrometry. 25270891 0 33 theme legumes 43:49 arg1 species 51:57 eight food legumes species 32:57 eight food legumes species as detected by high-resolution mass spectrometry 32:106 Oligosaccharides composition in eight food legumes species as detected by high-resolution mass spectrometry. 25270891 10 34 from oligosaccharides 1376:1391 arg1 foods 1404:1408 related foods 1396:1408 related foods 1396:1408 The developed method may be useful for rapid quantification of oligosaccharides in related foods. 25270891 0 35 theme food 38:41 arg1 species 51:57 eight food legumes species 32:57 eight food legumes species as detected by high-resolution mass spectrometry 32:106 Oligosaccharides composition in eight food legumes species as detected by high-resolution mass spectrometry. 25270891 0 36 dep species 51:57 arg1 detected 62:69 detected 62:69 detected by high-resolution mass spectrometry 62:106 Oligosaccharides composition in eight food legumes species as detected by high-resolution mass spectrometry. 25270891 4 37 theme oligosaccharides 555:570 arg1 content 544:550 total content 538:550 total content of oligosaccharides and their distribution modes 538:599 It was determined that species could be distinguished by total content of oligosaccharides and their distribution modes. 25270891 2 38 theme comprehensive 226:238 arg1 information 240:250 comprehensive information 226:250 comprehensive information about oligosaccharides in different food legumes 226:299 However, comprehensive information about oligosaccharides in different food legumes is limited. 25270891 3 39 theme legume 425:430 arg1 species 432:438 eight legume species 419:438 eight legume species 419:438 RESULTS In this study, eight oligosaccharides were well detected and quantified in different varieties of eight legume species using high-resolution mass spectrometry. 25270891 4 40 theme distribution 582:593 arg1 modes 595:599 their distribution modes 576:599 their distribution modes 576:599 It was determined that species could be distinguished by total content of oligosaccharides and their distribution modes. 25270891 5 41 theme black 725:729 arg1 soybean 731:737 black soybean 725:737 black soybean (Glycine max) 725:751 Among the studied species, Vigna unguiculata is a better resource of non-digestible oligosaccharides, while Vicia faba and black soybean (Glycine max) are at a disadvantage. 25270891 5 41 theme black 725:729 arg1 max 748:750 Glycine max 740:750 Glycine max 740:750 Among the studied species, Vigna unguiculata is a better resource of non-digestible oligosaccharides, while Vicia faba and black soybean (Glycine max) are at a disadvantage. 25270891 1 42 dep foods 187:191 arg1 reduce 196:201 reduce 196:201 to reduce disease risk 193:214 BACKGROUND As probiotics, soy oligosaccharides have become popular as healthy foods to reduce disease risk. 25270891 8 43 theme sample 1099:1104 arg1 preparation 1106:1116 the sample preparation 1095:1116 the sample preparation process 1095:1124 The developed high-resolution mass spectrometry method greatly simplified the sample preparation process and permitted the identification of oligosaccharides without reference compounds. 25270891 8 44 theme mass 1051:1054 arg1 spectrometry 1056:1067 high-resolution mass spectrometry 1035:1067 The developed high-resolution mass spectrometry method 1021:1074 The developed high-resolution mass spectrometry method greatly simplified the sample preparation process and permitted the identification of oligosaccharides without reference compounds. 25270891 8 45 theme high-resolution 1035:1049 arg1 spectrometry 1056:1067 high-resolution mass spectrometry 1035:1067 The developed high-resolution mass spectrometry method 1021:1074 The developed high-resolution mass spectrometry method greatly simplified the sample preparation process and permitted the identification of oligosaccharides without reference compounds. 25270891 2 46 theme food 288:291 arg1 legumes 293:299 different food legumes 278:299 different food legumes 278:299 However, comprehensive information about oligosaccharides in different food legumes is limited. 25270891 1 47 theme soy 135:137 arg1 oligosaccharides 139:154 soy oligosaccharides 135:154 soy oligosaccharides 135:154 BACKGROUND As probiotics, soy oligosaccharides have become popular as healthy foods to reduce disease risk. 25270891 9 48 theme sample 1248:1253 arg1 collecting 1255:1264 extensive sample collecting 1238:1264 extensive sample collecting 1238:1264 CONCLUSION This work involved extensive sample collecting and provided useful information for consumers. 25270891 8 49 theme reference 1187:1195 arg1 compounds 1197:1205 reference compounds 1187:1205 reference compounds 1187:1205 The developed high-resolution mass spectrometry method greatly simplified the sample preparation process and permitted the identification of oligosaccharides without reference compounds. 25270891 6 50 theme broad 869:873 arg1 bean 875:878 broad bean 869:878 broad bean 869:878 Normally, stachyose predominates in non-digestible oligosaccharides, except in mung bean and broad bean, where verbascose predominates. 25270891 2 51 theme different 278:286 arg1 legumes 293:299 different food legumes 278:299 different food legumes 278:299 However, comprehensive information about oligosaccharides in different food legumes is limited. 25270891 7 52 theme green 930:934 arg1 soybean 936:942 green soybean 930:942 green soybean 930:942 For mung bean and green soybean, the seed coat should be taken into account for oligosaccharide consumption. 25270891 8 53 theme spectrometry 1056:1067 arg1 method 1069:1074 The developed high-resolution mass spectrometry method 1021:1074 The developed high-resolution mass spectrometry method 1021:1074 The developed high-resolution mass spectrometry method greatly simplified the sample preparation process and permitted the identification of oligosaccharides without reference compounds. 25270891 7 54 theme mung 916:919 arg1 bean 921:924 mung bean 916:924 mung bean 916:924 For mung bean and green soybean, the seed coat should be taken into account for oligosaccharide consumption. 25270891 9 55 theme extensive 1238:1246 arg1 collecting 1255:1264 extensive sample collecting 1238:1264 extensive sample collecting 1238:1264 CONCLUSION This work involved extensive sample collecting and provided useful information for consumers. 25270891 1 56 dep BACKGROUND 109:118 arg1 become 161:166 become 161:166 have become popular as healthy foods to reduce disease risk 156:214 BACKGROUND As probiotics, soy oligosaccharides have become popular as healthy foods to reduce disease risk. 25270891 10 57 theme developed 1317:1325 arg1 method 1327:1332 The developed method 1313:1332 The developed method 1313:1332 The developed method may be useful for rapid quantification of oligosaccharides in related foods. 25270891 10 57 theme developed 1317:1325 arg1 useful 1341:1346 useful 1341:1346 useful 1341:1346 The developed method may be useful for rapid quantification of oligosaccharides in related foods. 25270891 4 58 theme total 538:542 arg1 content 544:550 total content 538:550 total content of oligosaccharides and their distribution modes 538:599 It was determined that species could be distinguished by total content of oligosaccharides and their distribution modes. 25270891 7 59 theme oligosaccharide 992:1006 arg1 consumption 1008:1018 oligosaccharide consumption 992:1018 oligosaccharide consumption 992:1018 For mung bean and green soybean, the seed coat should be taken into account for oligosaccharide consumption. 24786687 7 0 theme sustained 1415:1423 arg1 level 1431:1435 sustained serum level 1415:1435 sustained serum level of Sb 1415:1441 In conclusion, the present study has demonstrated the formation of mixed or association complexes of MA with sugars, such as maltose and ribose, which promoted sustained serum level of Sb after oral administration. 24786687 5 1 theme slow 896:899 arg1 dissociation 901:912 a partial and slow dissociation 882:912 a partial and slow dissociation of the association compounds 882:941 Circular dichroism characterization of these compositions following dilution in water at 37 °C suggested a partial and slow dissociation of the association compounds. 24786687 4 2 theme association 754:764 arg1 compounds 766:774 MA-maltose association compounds 743:774 MA-maltose association compounds 743:774 Analysis of the MA/maltose composition suggested the formation of MA-maltose association compounds. 24786687 7 3 theme MA 1356:1357 arg1 complexes 1343:1351 mixed or association complexes 1322:1351 complexes 1343:1351 In conclusion, the present study has demonstrated the formation of mixed or association complexes of MA with sugars, such as maltose and ribose, which promoted sustained serum level of Sb after oral administration. 24786687 5 4 theme dichroism 786:794 arg1 characterization 796:811 Circular dichroism characterization 777:811 Circular dichroism characterization of these compositions following dilution in water at 37 °C 777:870 Circular dichroism characterization of these compositions following dilution in water at 37 °C suggested a partial and slow dissociation of the association compounds. 24786687 3 5 theme Sb-ribose 656:664 arg1 complexes 666:674 mixed meglumine-Sb-ribose and Sb-ribose complexes 626:674 mixed meglumine-Sb-ribose and Sb-ribose complexes 626:674 Analysis of the MA/ribose composition by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LCMS-IT-TOF) revealed the presence of mixed meglumine-Sb-ribose and Sb-ribose complexes. 24786687 4 6 theme MA-maltose 743:752 arg1 compounds 766:774 MA-maltose association compounds 743:774 MA-maltose association compounds 743:774 Analysis of the MA/maltose composition suggested the formation of MA-maltose association compounds. 24786687 6 7 theme Sb 1046:1047 arg1 lower 1067:1071 lower 1067:1071 lower 1067:1071 When the MA/ribose composition was administered orally and compared to MA, the serum concentration of Sb was significantly lower after 1 h and greater after 3 h. On the other hand, the MA/maltose composition showed similar serum Sb concentration after 1 h and higher level of Sb after 3 h, when compared to MA. 24786687 6 7 theme Sb 1046:1047 arg1 concentration 1029:1041 the serum concentration 1019:1041 the serum concentration of Sb 1019:1047 When the MA/ribose composition was administered orally and compared to MA, the serum concentration of Sb was significantly lower after 1 h and greater after 3 h. On the other hand, the MA/maltose composition showed similar serum Sb concentration after 1 h and higher level of Sb after 3 h, when compared to MA. 24786687 0 8 theme oral 66:69 arg1 bioavailability 71:85 the oral bioavailability 62:85 the oral bioavailability of pentavalent antimonial drugs 62:117 Mixed antimony(V) complexes with different sugars to modulate the oral bioavailability of pentavalent antimonial drugs. 24786687 6 9 theme similar 1159:1165 arg1 concentration 1176:1188 similar serum Sb concentration 1159:1188 similar serum Sb concentration 1159:1188 When the MA/ribose composition was administered orally and compared to MA, the serum concentration of Sb was significantly lower after 1 h and greater after 3 h. On the other hand, the MA/maltose composition showed similar serum Sb concentration after 1 h and higher level of Sb after 3 h, when compared to MA. 24786687 5 10 theme compounds 933:941 arg1 dissociation 901:912 a partial and slow dissociation 882:912 a partial and slow dissociation of the association compounds 882:941 Circular dichroism characterization of these compositions following dilution in water at 37 °C suggested a partial and slow dissociation of the association compounds. 24786687 0 11 theme pentavalent 90:100 arg1 drugs 113:117 pentavalent antimonial drugs 90:117 pentavalent antimonial drugs 90:117 Mixed antimony(V) complexes with different sugars to modulate the oral bioavailability of pentavalent antimonial drugs. 24786687 4 12 theme compounds 766:774 arg1 formation 730:738 the formation 726:738 the formation of MA-maltose association compounds 726:774 Analysis of the MA/maltose composition suggested the formation of MA-maltose association compounds. 24786687 2 13 theme mixed 356:360 arg1 complexes 377:385 mixed or association complexes 356:385 complexes 377:385 In this work, ribose and maltose were investigated for their ability to form mixed or association complexes with MA, release MA and modulate the serum levels of Sb after oral administration in mice. 24786687 2 14 theme oral 449:452 arg1 administration 454:467 oral administration 449:467 oral administration in mice 449:475 In this work, ribose and maltose were investigated for their ability to form mixed or association complexes with MA, release MA and modulate the serum levels of Sb after oral administration in mice. 24786687 0 15 theme Mixed 0:4 arg1 complexes 18:26 Mixed antimony(V) complexes 0:26 Mixed antimony(V) complexes with different sugars 0:48 Mixed antimony(V) complexes with different sugars to modulate the oral bioavailability of pentavalent antimonial drugs. 24786687 7 16 theme present 1274:1280 arg1 study 1282:1286 the present study 1270:1286 the present study 1270:1286 In conclusion, the present study has demonstrated the formation of mixed or association complexes of MA with sugars, such as maltose and ribose, which promoted sustained serum level of Sb after oral administration. 24786687 0 17 theme antimony 6:13 arg1 complexes 18:26 Mixed antimony(V) complexes 0:26 Mixed antimony(V) complexes with different sugars 0:48 Mixed antimony(V) complexes with different sugars to modulate the oral bioavailability of pentavalent antimonial drugs. 24786687 6 18 theme Sb 1220:1221 arg1 h 1198:1198 1 h 1196:1198 1 h 1196:1198 When the MA/ribose composition was administered orally and compared to MA, the serum concentration of Sb was significantly lower after 1 h and greater after 3 h. On the other hand, the MA/maltose composition showed similar serum Sb concentration after 1 h and higher level of Sb after 3 h, when compared to MA. 24786687 6 18 theme Sb 1220:1221 arg1 level 1211:1215 higher level 1204:1215 higher level of Sb 1204:1221 When the MA/ribose composition was administered orally and compared to MA, the serum concentration of Sb was significantly lower after 1 h and greater after 3 h. On the other hand, the MA/maltose composition showed similar serum Sb concentration after 1 h and higher level of Sb after 3 h, when compared to MA. 24786687 6 19 theme MA/maltose 1129:1138 arg1 composition 1140:1150 the MA/maltose composition 1125:1150 the MA/maltose composition 1125:1150 When the MA/ribose composition was administered orally and compared to MA, the serum concentration of Sb was significantly lower after 1 h and greater after 3 h. On the other hand, the MA/maltose composition showed similar serum Sb concentration after 1 h and higher level of Sb after 3 h, when compared to MA. 24786687 2 20 theme release 396:402 arg1 MA 392:393 MA 392:393 MA 392:393 In this work, ribose and maltose were investigated for their ability to form mixed or association complexes with MA, release MA and modulate the serum levels of Sb after oral administration in mice. 24786687 2 20 theme release 396:402 arg1 MA 404:405 release MA 396:405 release MA 396:405 In this work, ribose and maltose were investigated for their ability to form mixed or association complexes with MA, release MA and modulate the serum levels of Sb after oral administration in mice. 24786687 3 21 theme mixed 626:630 arg1 complexes 666:674 mixed meglumine-Sb-ribose and Sb-ribose complexes 626:674 mixed meglumine-Sb-ribose and Sb-ribose complexes 626:674 Analysis of the MA/ribose composition by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LCMS-IT-TOF) revealed the presence of mixed meglumine-Sb-ribose and Sb-ribose complexes. 24786687 0 22 theme V 15:15 arg1 complexes 18:26 Mixed antimony(V) complexes 0:26 Mixed antimony(V) complexes with different sugars 0:48 Mixed antimony(V) complexes with different sugars to modulate the oral bioavailability of pentavalent antimonial drugs. 24786687 4 23 theme composition 704:714 arg1 Analysis 677:684 Analysis 677:684 Analysis of the MA/maltose composition 677:714 Analysis of the MA/maltose composition suggested the formation of MA-maltose association compounds. 24786687 0 24 theme drugs 113:117 arg1 bioavailability 71:85 the oral bioavailability 62:85 the oral bioavailability of pentavalent antimonial drugs 62:117 Mixed antimony(V) complexes with different sugars to modulate the oral bioavailability of pentavalent antimonial drugs. 24786687 3 25 theme MA/ribose 494:502 arg1 composition 504:514 the MA/ribose composition 490:514 the MA/ribose composition 490:514 Analysis of the MA/ribose composition by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LCMS-IT-TOF) revealed the presence of mixed meglumine-Sb-ribose and Sb-ribose complexes. 24786687 1 26 theme drug 176:179 arg1 MA 204:205 MA 204:205 MA 204:205 Previous studies have shown that the association of the drug meglumine antimoniate (MA) with β-cyclodextrin can improve its bioavailability by the oral route. 24786687 1 26 theme drug 176:179 arg1 antimoniate 191:201 the drug meglumine antimoniate 172:201 the drug meglumine antimoniate (MA) 172:206 Previous studies have shown that the association of the drug meglumine antimoniate (MA) with β-cyclodextrin can improve its bioavailability by the oral route. 24786687 3 27 theme high 519:522 arg1 chromatography 543:556 high performance liquid chromatography 519:556 high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LCMS-IT-TOF) 519:599 Analysis of the MA/ribose composition by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LCMS-IT-TOF) revealed the presence of mixed meglumine-Sb-ribose and Sb-ribose complexes. 24786687 1 28 theme oral 267:270 arg1 route 272:276 the oral route 263:276 the oral route 263:276 Previous studies have shown that the association of the drug meglumine antimoniate (MA) with β-cyclodextrin can improve its bioavailability by the oral route. 24786687 0 29 theme antimonial 102:111 arg1 drugs 113:117 pentavalent antimonial drugs 90:117 pentavalent antimonial drugs 90:117 Mixed antimony(V) complexes with different sugars to modulate the oral bioavailability of pentavalent antimonial drugs. 24786687 3 30 theme composition 504:514 arg1 Analysis 478:485 Analysis 478:485 Analysis of the MA/ribose composition by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LCMS-IT-TOF) 478:599 Analysis of the MA/ribose composition by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LCMS-IT-TOF) revealed the presence of mixed meglumine-Sb-ribose and Sb-ribose complexes. 24786687 1 31 theme meglumine 181:189 arg1 MA 204:205 MA 204:205 MA 204:205 Previous studies have shown that the association of the drug meglumine antimoniate (MA) with β-cyclodextrin can improve its bioavailability by the oral route. 24786687 1 31 theme meglumine 181:189 arg1 antimoniate 191:201 the drug meglumine antimoniate 172:201 the drug meglumine antimoniate (MA) 172:206 Previous studies have shown that the association of the drug meglumine antimoniate (MA) with β-cyclodextrin can improve its bioavailability by the oral route. 24786687 2 32 theme serum 424:428 arg1 levels 430:435 the serum levels 420:435 the serum levels of Sb 420:441 In this work, ribose and maltose were investigated for their ability to form mixed or association complexes with MA, release MA and modulate the serum levels of Sb after oral administration in mice. 24786687 1 33 theme antimoniate 191:201 arg1 association 157:167 the association 153:167 the association of the drug meglumine antimoniate (MA) with β-cyclodextrin 153:226 Previous studies have shown that the association of the drug meglumine antimoniate (MA) with β-cyclodextrin can improve its bioavailability by the oral route. 24786687 7 34 theme mixed 1322:1326 arg1 complexes 1343:1351 mixed or association complexes 1322:1351 complexes 1343:1351 In conclusion, the present study has demonstrated the formation of mixed or association complexes of MA with sugars, such as maltose and ribose, which promoted sustained serum level of Sb after oral administration. 24786687 7 35 theme Sb 1440:1441 arg1 level 1431:1435 sustained serum level 1415:1435 sustained serum level of Sb 1415:1441 In conclusion, the present study has demonstrated the formation of mixed or association complexes of MA with sugars, such as maltose and ribose, which promoted sustained serum level of Sb after oral administration. 24786687 2 36 theme association 365:375 arg1 complexes 377:385 mixed or association complexes 356:385 complexes 377:385 In this work, ribose and maltose were investigated for their ability to form mixed or association complexes with MA, release MA and modulate the serum levels of Sb after oral administration in mice. 24786687 5 37 theme Circular 777:784 arg1 dichroism 786:794 Circular dichroism 777:794 Circular dichroism characterization of these compositions following dilution in water at 37 °C 777:870 Circular dichroism characterization of these compositions following dilution in water at 37 °C suggested a partial and slow dissociation of the association compounds. 24786687 6 38 theme MA/ribose 953:961 arg1 composition 963:973 the MA/ribose composition 949:973 the MA/ribose composition 949:973 When the MA/ribose composition was administered orally and compared to MA, the serum concentration of Sb was significantly lower after 1 h and greater after 3 h. On the other hand, the MA/maltose composition showed similar serum Sb concentration after 1 h and higher level of Sb after 3 h, when compared to MA. 24786687 5 39 theme compositions 822:833 arg1 characterization 796:811 Circular dichroism characterization 777:811 Circular dichroism characterization of these compositions following dilution in water at 37 °C 777:870 Circular dichroism characterization of these compositions following dilution in water at 37 °C suggested a partial and slow dissociation of the association compounds. 24786687 6 40 dep h. 1103:1104 arg1 showed 1152:1157 showed 1152:1157 showed similar serum Sb concentration after 1 h and higher level of Sb after 3 h 1152:1231 When the MA/ribose composition was administered orally and compared to MA, the serum concentration of Sb was significantly lower after 1 h and greater after 3 h. On the other hand, the MA/maltose composition showed similar serum Sb concentration after 1 h and higher level of Sb after 3 h, when compared to MA. 24786687 0 41 theme different 33:41 arg1 sugars 43:48 different sugars 33:48 different sugars 33:48 Mixed antimony(V) complexes with different sugars to modulate the oral bioavailability of pentavalent antimonial drugs. 24786687 7 42 theme oral 1449:1452 arg1 administration 1454:1467 oral administration 1449:1467 oral administration 1449:1467 In conclusion, the present study has demonstrated the formation of mixed or association complexes of MA with sugars, such as maltose and ribose, which promoted sustained serum level of Sb after oral administration. 24786687 3 43 theme performance 524:534 arg1 chromatography 543:556 high performance liquid chromatography 519:556 high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LCMS-IT-TOF) 519:599 Analysis of the MA/ribose composition by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LCMS-IT-TOF) revealed the presence of mixed meglumine-Sb-ribose and Sb-ribose complexes. 24786687 7 44 with complexes 1343:1351 arg1 sugars 1364:1369 sugars 1364:1369 sugars 1364:1369 In conclusion, the present study has demonstrated the formation of mixed or association complexes of MA with sugars, such as maltose and ribose, which promoted sustained serum level of Sb after oral administration. 24786687 7 44 with complexes 1343:1351 arg1 ribose 1392:1397 ribose 1392:1397 ribose 1392:1397 In conclusion, the present study has demonstrated the formation of mixed or association complexes of MA with sugars, such as maltose and ribose, which promoted sustained serum level of Sb after oral administration. 24786687 7 44 with complexes 1343:1351 arg1 maltose 1380:1386 maltose 1380:1386 maltose 1380:1386 In conclusion, the present study has demonstrated the formation of mixed or association complexes of MA with sugars, such as maltose and ribose, which promoted sustained serum level of Sb after oral administration. 24786687 6 45 theme other 1113:1117 arg1 hand 1119:1122 the other hand 1109:1122 the other hand 1109:1122 When the MA/ribose composition was administered orally and compared to MA, the serum concentration of Sb was significantly lower after 1 h and greater after 3 h. On the other hand, the MA/maltose composition showed similar serum Sb concentration after 1 h and higher level of Sb after 3 h, when compared to MA. 24786687 6 46 theme higher 1204:1209 arg1 level 1211:1215 higher level 1204:1215 higher level of Sb 1204:1221 When the MA/ribose composition was administered orally and compared to MA, the serum concentration of Sb was significantly lower after 1 h and greater after 3 h. On the other hand, the MA/maltose composition showed similar serum Sb concentration after 1 h and higher level of Sb after 3 h, when compared to MA. 24786687 2 47 from administration 454:467 arg1 mice 472:475 mice 472:475 mice 472:475 In this work, ribose and maltose were investigated for their ability to form mixed or association complexes with MA, release MA and modulate the serum levels of Sb after oral administration in mice. 24786687 3 48 theme liquid 536:541 arg1 chromatography 543:556 high performance liquid chromatography 519:556 high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LCMS-IT-TOF) 519:599 Analysis of the MA/ribose composition by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LCMS-IT-TOF) revealed the presence of mixed meglumine-Sb-ribose and Sb-ribose complexes. 24786687 5 49 from dilution 845:852 arg1 water 857:861 water 857:861 water 857:861 Circular dichroism characterization of these compositions following dilution in water at 37 °C suggested a partial and slow dissociation of the association compounds. 24786687 6 50 theme Sb 1173:1174 arg1 concentration 1176:1188 similar serum Sb concentration 1159:1188 similar serum Sb concentration 1159:1188 When the MA/ribose composition was administered orally and compared to MA, the serum concentration of Sb was significantly lower after 1 h and greater after 3 h. On the other hand, the MA/maltose composition showed similar serum Sb concentration after 1 h and higher level of Sb after 3 h, when compared to MA. 24786687 3 51 theme meglumine-Sb-ribose 632:650 arg1 complexes 666:674 mixed meglumine-Sb-ribose and Sb-ribose complexes 626:674 mixed meglumine-Sb-ribose and Sb-ribose complexes 626:674 Analysis of the MA/ribose composition by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LCMS-IT-TOF) revealed the presence of mixed meglumine-Sb-ribose and Sb-ribose complexes. 24786687 6 52 theme serum 1023:1027 arg1 lower 1067:1071 lower 1067:1071 lower 1067:1071 When the MA/ribose composition was administered orally and compared to MA, the serum concentration of Sb was significantly lower after 1 h and greater after 3 h. On the other hand, the MA/maltose composition showed similar serum Sb concentration after 1 h and higher level of Sb after 3 h, when compared to MA. 24786687 6 52 theme serum 1023:1027 arg1 concentration 1029:1041 the serum concentration 1019:1041 the serum concentration of Sb 1019:1047 When the MA/ribose composition was administered orally and compared to MA, the serum concentration of Sb was significantly lower after 1 h and greater after 3 h. On the other hand, the MA/maltose composition showed similar serum Sb concentration after 1 h and higher level of Sb after 3 h, when compared to MA. 24786687 4 53 theme MA/maltose 693:702 arg1 composition 704:714 the MA/maltose composition 689:714 the MA/maltose composition 689:714 Analysis of the MA/maltose composition suggested the formation of MA-maltose association compounds. 24786687 7 54 theme association 1331:1341 arg1 complexes 1343:1351 mixed or association complexes 1322:1351 complexes 1343:1351 In conclusion, the present study has demonstrated the formation of mixed or association complexes of MA with sugars, such as maltose and ribose, which promoted sustained serum level of Sb after oral administration. 24786687 7 55 theme complexes 1343:1351 arg1 formation 1309:1317 the formation 1305:1317 the formation of mixed or association complexes of MA with sugars, such as maltose and ribose, which promoted sustained serum level of Sb after oral administration 1305:1467 In conclusion, the present study has demonstrated the formation of mixed or association complexes of MA with sugars, such as maltose and ribose, which promoted sustained serum level of Sb after oral administration. 24786687 1 56 with association 157:167 arg1 β-cyclodextrin 213:226 β-cyclodextrin 213:226 β-cyclodextrin 213:226 Previous studies have shown that the association of the drug meglumine antimoniate (MA) with β-cyclodextrin can improve its bioavailability by the oral route. 24786687 7 57 theme serum 1425:1429 arg1 level 1431:1435 sustained serum level 1415:1435 sustained serum level of Sb 1415:1441 In conclusion, the present study has demonstrated the formation of mixed or association complexes of MA with sugars, such as maltose and ribose, which promoted sustained serum level of Sb after oral administration. 24786687 6 58 theme serum 1167:1171 arg1 concentration 1176:1188 similar serum Sb concentration 1159:1188 similar serum Sb concentration 1159:1188 When the MA/ribose composition was administered orally and compared to MA, the serum concentration of Sb was significantly lower after 1 h and greater after 3 h. On the other hand, the MA/maltose composition showed similar serum Sb concentration after 1 h and higher level of Sb after 3 h, when compared to MA. 24786687 1 59 theme Previous 120:127 arg1 studies 129:135 Previous studies 120:135 Previous studies 120:135 Previous studies have shown that the association of the drug meglumine antimoniate (MA) with β-cyclodextrin can improve its bioavailability by the oral route. 24786687 5 60 theme association 921:931 arg1 compounds 933:941 the association compounds 917:941 the association compounds 917:941 Circular dichroism characterization of these compositions following dilution in water at 37 °C suggested a partial and slow dissociation of the association compounds. 24786687 5 61 theme partial 884:890 arg1 dissociation 901:912 a partial and slow dissociation 882:912 a partial and slow dissociation of the association compounds 882:941 Circular dichroism characterization of these compositions following dilution in water at 37 °C suggested a partial and slow dissociation of the association compounds. 24786687 2 62 theme Sb 440:441 arg1 levels 430:435 the serum levels 420:435 the serum levels of Sb 420:441 In this work, ribose and maltose were investigated for their ability to form mixed or association complexes with MA, release MA and modulate the serum levels of Sb after oral administration in mice. 24786687 3 63 theme complexes 666:674 arg1 presence 614:621 the presence 610:621 the presence of mixed meglumine-Sb-ribose and Sb-ribose complexes 610:674 Analysis of the MA/ribose composition by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LCMS-IT-TOF) revealed the presence of mixed meglumine-Sb-ribose and Sb-ribose complexes. 24786687 3 64 theme mass 569:572 arg1 LCMS-IT-TOF 588:598 LCMS-IT-TOF 588:598 LCMS-IT-TOF 588:598 Analysis of the MA/ribose composition by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LCMS-IT-TOF) revealed the presence of mixed meglumine-Sb-ribose and Sb-ribose complexes. 24786687 3 64 theme mass 569:572 arg1 spectrometry 574:585 mass spectrometry 569:585 mass spectrometry (LCMS-IT-TOF) 569:599 Analysis of the MA/ribose composition by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LCMS-IT-TOF) revealed the presence of mixed meglumine-Sb-ribose and Sb-ribose complexes. 24786687 0 65 with complexes 18:26 arg1 sugars 43:48 different sugars 33:48 different sugars 33:48 Mixed antimony(V) complexes with different sugars to modulate the oral bioavailability of pentavalent antimonial drugs. 29174360 1 0 theme silk 157:160 arg1 films 183:187 Microcrystalline cellulose and Bombyx mori silk blended biocomposite films 114:187 Microcrystalline cellulose and Bombyx mori silk blended biocomposite films 114:187 Microcrystalline cellulose and Bombyx mori silk blended biocomposite films were regenerated using various imidazolium-based ionic liquids. 29174360 5 1 theme cation 949:954 arg1 type 941:944 the type 937:944 the type of cation in ionic liquids 937:971 While the thermal properties are independent of the type of cation in ionic liquids, the levels of β-sheet configuration are dependent on the type of anion, which further causes changes on the biocomposite thermal properties. 29174360 5 2 theme thermal 1095:1101 arg1 properties 1103:1112 the biocomposite thermal properties 1078:1112 the biocomposite thermal properties 1078:1112 While the thermal properties are independent of the type of cation in ionic liquids, the levels of β-sheet configuration are dependent on the type of anion, which further causes changes on the biocomposite thermal properties. 29174360 7 3 from structure 1491:1499 arg1 films 1471:1475 films 1471:1475 films 1471:1475 The results have demonstrated that there is a direct relationship between the intermolecular interactions in films and the anion structure of the ionic liquids. 29174360 6 4 theme topological 1119:1129 arg1 image 1131:1135 The topological image 1115:1135 The topological image 1115:1135 The topological image provided information to support morphological effects on the varying ionic liquids and X-ray scattering allowed for insight on the role of ionic liquids on the crystallinity and the spacing differences in biocomposite films. 29174360 1 5 theme blended 162:168 arg1 films 183:187 Microcrystalline cellulose and Bombyx mori silk blended biocomposite films 114:187 Microcrystalline cellulose and Bombyx mori silk blended biocomposite films 114:187 Microcrystalline cellulose and Bombyx mori silk blended biocomposite films were regenerated using various imidazolium-based ionic liquids. 29174360 0 6 theme silk-cellulose 75:88 arg1 materials 103:111 silk-cellulose biocomposite materials 75:111 silk-cellulose biocomposite materials 75:111 Impact of ionic liquid type on the structure, morphology and properties of silk-cellulose biocomposite materials. 29174360 0 7 from Impact 0:5 arg1 properties 61:70 properties 61:70 properties 61:70 Impact of ionic liquid type on the structure, morphology and properties of silk-cellulose biocomposite materials. 29174360 0 7 from Impact 0:5 arg1 morphology 46:55 morphology 46:55 morphology 46:55 Impact of ionic liquid type on the structure, morphology and properties of silk-cellulose biocomposite materials. 29174360 0 7 from Impact 0:5 arg1 structure 35:43 structure 35:43 structure 35:43 Impact of ionic liquid type on the structure, morphology and properties of silk-cellulose biocomposite materials. 29174360 2 8 theme thermal 378:384 arg1 properties 386:395 thermal properties 378:395 thermal properties 378:395 The films were characterized to understand the effect of the inter- and intra-molecular interactions upon the morphology and thermal properties. 29174360 5 9 from type 941:944 arg1 liquids 965:971 ionic liquids 959:971 ionic liquids 959:971 While the thermal properties are independent of the type of cation in ionic liquids, the levels of β-sheet configuration are dependent on the type of anion, which further causes changes on the biocomposite thermal properties. 29174360 3 10 theme electron 592:599 arg1 SEM 613:615 SEM 613:615 SEM 613:615 Various techniques were implemented to investigate structural, morphological and thermal properties of the biocomposite films, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray scattering. 29174360 3 10 theme electron 592:599 arg1 microscope 601:610 scanning electron microscope 583:610 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 583:616 Various techniques were implemented to investigate structural, morphological and thermal properties of the biocomposite films, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray scattering. 29174360 4 11 theme strong 764:769 arg1 influence 771:779 strong influence 764:779 strong influence 764:779 Results show that the type of ionic liquid has strong influence on the structure of silk-cellulose composites that can form either amorphous or semicrystalline structures. 29174360 3 12 theme Various 398:404 arg1 techniques 406:415 Various techniques 398:415 Various techniques 398:415 Various techniques were implemented to investigate structural, morphological and thermal properties of the biocomposite films, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray scattering. 29174360 5 13 theme β-sheet 988:994 arg1 configuration 996:1008 β-sheet configuration 988:1008 β-sheet configuration 988:1008 While the thermal properties are independent of the type of cation in ionic liquids, the levels of β-sheet configuration are dependent on the type of anion, which further causes changes on the biocomposite thermal properties. 29174360 3 14 dep Fourier 535:541 arg1 transform 543:551 transform 543:551 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray scattering 543:714 Various techniques were implemented to investigate structural, morphological and thermal properties of the biocomposite films, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray scattering. 29174360 7 15 theme intermolecular 1440:1453 arg1 interactions 1455:1466 the intermolecular interactions 1436:1466 the intermolecular interactions in films 1436:1475 The results have demonstrated that there is a direct relationship between the intermolecular interactions in films and the anion structure of the ionic liquids. 29174360 0 16 theme materials 103:111 arg1 properties 61:70 properties 61:70 properties 61:70 Impact of ionic liquid type on the structure, morphology and properties of silk-cellulose biocomposite materials. 29174360 0 16 theme materials 103:111 arg1 morphology 46:55 morphology 46:55 morphology 46:55 Impact of ionic liquid type on the structure, morphology and properties of silk-cellulose biocomposite materials. 29174360 0 16 theme materials 103:111 arg1 structure 35:43 structure 35:43 structure 35:43 Impact of ionic liquid type on the structure, morphology and properties of silk-cellulose biocomposite materials. 29174360 3 17 dep transform 543:551 arg1 infrared 553:560 infrared 553:560 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray scattering 543:714 Various techniques were implemented to investigate structural, morphological and thermal properties of the biocomposite films, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray scattering. 29174360 6 18 from role 1268:1271 arg1 crystallinity 1297:1309 the crystallinity 1293:1309 the crystallinity 1293:1309 The topological image provided information to support morphological effects on the varying ionic liquids and X-ray scattering allowed for insight on the role of ionic liquids on the crystallinity and the spacing differences in biocomposite films. 29174360 6 18 from role 1268:1271 arg1 films 1355:1359 biocomposite films 1342:1359 biocomposite films 1342:1359 The topological image provided information to support morphological effects on the varying ionic liquids and X-ray scattering allowed for insight on the role of ionic liquids on the crystallinity and the spacing differences in biocomposite films. 29174360 1 19 theme biocomposite 170:181 arg1 films 183:187 Microcrystalline cellulose and Bombyx mori silk blended biocomposite films 114:187 Microcrystalline cellulose and Bombyx mori silk blended biocomposite films 114:187 Microcrystalline cellulose and Bombyx mori silk blended biocomposite films were regenerated using various imidazolium-based ionic liquids. 29174360 0 20 theme biocomposite 90:101 arg1 materials 103:111 silk-cellulose biocomposite materials 75:111 silk-cellulose biocomposite materials 75:111 Impact of ionic liquid type on the structure, morphology and properties of silk-cellulose biocomposite materials. 29174360 5 21 theme type 941:944 arg1 independent 922:932 independent 922:932 independent 922:932 While the thermal properties are independent of the type of cation in ionic liquids, the levels of β-sheet configuration are dependent on the type of anion, which further causes changes on the biocomposite thermal properties. 29174360 5 21 theme type 941:944 arg1 properties 907:916 the thermal properties 895:916 the thermal properties 895:916 While the thermal properties are independent of the type of cation in ionic liquids, the levels of β-sheet configuration are dependent on the type of anion, which further causes changes on the biocomposite thermal properties. 29174360 6 22 theme liquids 1282:1288 arg1 differences 1327:1337 the spacing differences 1315:1337 the spacing differences in biocomposite films 1315:1359 The topological image provided information to support morphological effects on the varying ionic liquids and X-ray scattering allowed for insight on the role of ionic liquids on the crystallinity and the spacing differences in biocomposite films. 29174360 6 22 theme liquids 1282:1288 arg1 role 1268:1271 the role 1264:1271 the role of ionic liquids on the crystallinity 1264:1309 The topological image provided information to support morphological effects on the varying ionic liquids and X-ray scattering allowed for insight on the role of ionic liquids on the crystallinity and the spacing differences in biocomposite films. 29174360 3 23 theme scanning 583:590 arg1 SEM 613:615 SEM 613:615 SEM 613:615 Various techniques were implemented to investigate structural, morphological and thermal properties of the biocomposite films, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray scattering. 29174360 3 23 theme scanning 583:590 arg1 microscope 601:610 scanning electron microscope 583:610 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 583:616 Various techniques were implemented to investigate structural, morphological and thermal properties of the biocomposite films, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray scattering. 29174360 4 24 theme silk-cellulose 801:814 arg1 composites 816:825 silk-cellulose composites 801:825 silk-cellulose composites that can form either amorphous or semicrystalline structures 801:886 Results show that the type of ionic liquid has strong influence on the structure of silk-cellulose composites that can form either amorphous or semicrystalline structures. 29174360 6 25 theme ionic 1276:1280 arg1 liquids 1282:1288 ionic liquids 1276:1288 ionic liquids 1276:1288 The topological image provided information to support morphological effects on the varying ionic liquids and X-ray scattering allowed for insight on the role of ionic liquids on the crystallinity and the spacing differences in biocomposite films. 29174360 2 26 theme interactions 341:352 arg1 effect 300:305 the effect 296:305 the effect of the inter- and intra-molecular interactions upon the morphology and thermal properties 296:395 The films were characterized to understand the effect of the inter- and intra-molecular interactions upon the morphology and thermal properties. 29174360 7 27 theme ionic 1508:1512 arg1 liquids 1514:1520 the ionic liquids 1504:1520 the ionic liquids 1504:1520 The results have demonstrated that there is a direct relationship between the intermolecular interactions in films and the anion structure of the ionic liquids. 29174360 2 28 theme intra-molecular 325:339 arg1 interactions 341:352 the inter- and intra-molecular interactions 310:352 the inter- and intra-molecular interactions 310:352 The films were characterized to understand the effect of the inter- and intra-molecular interactions upon the morphology and thermal properties. 29174360 6 29 from effects 1183:1189 arg1 role 1268:1271 the role 1264:1271 the role of ionic liquids on the crystallinity 1264:1309 The topological image provided information to support morphological effects on the varying ionic liquids and X-ray scattering allowed for insight on the role of ionic liquids on the crystallinity and the spacing differences in biocomposite films. 29174360 6 29 from effects 1183:1189 arg1 liquids 1212:1218 varying ionic liquids 1198:1218 varying ionic liquids 1198:1218 The topological image provided information to support morphological effects on the varying ionic liquids and X-ray scattering allowed for insight on the role of ionic liquids on the crystallinity and the spacing differences in biocomposite films. 29174360 6 29 from effects 1183:1189 arg1 scattering 1230:1239 X-ray scattering 1224:1239 X-ray scattering 1224:1239 The topological image provided information to support morphological effects on the varying ionic liquids and X-ray scattering allowed for insight on the role of ionic liquids on the crystallinity and the spacing differences in biocomposite films. 29174360 6 29 from effects 1183:1189 arg1 differences 1327:1337 the spacing differences 1315:1337 the spacing differences in biocomposite films 1315:1359 The topological image provided information to support morphological effects on the varying ionic liquids and X-ray scattering allowed for insight on the role of ionic liquids on the crystallinity and the spacing differences in biocomposite films. 29174360 3 30 theme thermal 479:485 arg1 properties 487:496 structural, morphological and thermal properties 449:496 structural, morphological and thermal properties 449:496 Various techniques were implemented to investigate structural, morphological and thermal properties of the biocomposite films, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray scattering. 29174360 3 30 theme thermal 479:485 arg1 Fourier 535:541 Fourier 535:541 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray scattering 535:714 Various techniques were implemented to investigate structural, morphological and thermal properties of the biocomposite films, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray scattering. 29174360 0 31 theme liquid 16:21 arg1 type 23:26 ionic liquid type 10:26 ionic liquid type 10:26 Impact of ionic liquid type on the structure, morphology and properties of silk-cellulose biocomposite materials. 29174360 4 32 theme liquid 753:758 arg1 type 739:742 the type 735:742 the type of ionic liquid 735:758 Results show that the type of ionic liquid has strong influence on the structure of silk-cellulose composites that can form either amorphous or semicrystalline structures. 29174360 6 33 dep liquids 1212:1218 arg1 the 1194:1196 the 1194:1196 the 1194:1196 The topological image provided information to support morphological effects on the varying ionic liquids and X-ray scattering allowed for insight on the role of ionic liquids on the crystallinity and the spacing differences in biocomposite films. 29174360 5 34 from cation 949:954 arg1 liquids 965:971 ionic liquids 959:971 ionic liquids 959:971 While the thermal properties are independent of the type of cation in ionic liquids, the levels of β-sheet configuration are dependent on the type of anion, which further causes changes on the biocomposite thermal properties. 29174360 7 35 theme direct 1408:1413 arg1 relationship 1415:1426 a direct relationship 1406:1426 a direct relationship between the intermolecular interactions in films and the anion structure of the ionic liquids 1406:1520 The results have demonstrated that there is a direct relationship between the intermolecular interactions in films and the anion structure of the ionic liquids. 29174360 3 36 theme films 518:522 arg1 properties 487:496 structural, morphological and thermal properties 449:496 structural, morphological and thermal properties 449:496 Various techniques were implemented to investigate structural, morphological and thermal properties of the biocomposite films, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray scattering. 29174360 3 36 theme films 518:522 arg1 Fourier 535:541 Fourier 535:541 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray scattering 535:714 Various techniques were implemented to investigate structural, morphological and thermal properties of the biocomposite films, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray scattering. 29174360 0 37 theme ionic 10:14 arg1 type 23:26 ionic liquid type 10:26 ionic liquid type 10:26 Impact of ionic liquid type on the structure, morphology and properties of silk-cellulose biocomposite materials. 29174360 5 38 theme configuration 996:1008 arg1 dependent 1014:1022 dependent 1014:1022 dependent 1014:1022 While the thermal properties are independent of the type of cation in ionic liquids, the levels of β-sheet configuration are dependent on the type of anion, which further causes changes on the biocomposite thermal properties. 29174360 5 38 theme configuration 996:1008 arg1 levels 978:983 the levels 974:983 the levels of β-sheet configuration 974:1008 While the thermal properties are independent of the type of cation in ionic liquids, the levels of β-sheet configuration are dependent on the type of anion, which further causes changes on the biocomposite thermal properties. 29174360 2 39 theme inter- 314:319 arg1 interactions 341:352 the inter- and intra-molecular interactions 310:352 the inter- and intra-molecular interactions 310:352 The films were characterized to understand the effect of the inter- and intra-molecular interactions upon the morphology and thermal properties. 29174360 1 40 theme various 212:218 arg1 liquids 244:250 various imidazolium-based ionic liquids 212:250 various imidazolium-based ionic liquids 212:250 Microcrystalline cellulose and Bombyx mori silk blended biocomposite films were regenerated using various imidazolium-based ionic liquids. 29174360 4 41 contain has 760:762 arg1 type 739:742 the type 735:742 the type of ionic liquid 735:758 Results show that the type of ionic liquid has strong influence on the structure of silk-cellulose composites that can form either amorphous or semicrystalline structures. 29174360 4 41 contain has 760:762 arg2 influence 771:779 strong influence 764:779 strong influence 764:779 Results show that the type of ionic liquid has strong influence on the structure of silk-cellulose composites that can form either amorphous or semicrystalline structures. 29174360 4 42 dep either 841:846 arg1 amorphous 848:856 amorphous 848:856 amorphous 848:856 Results show that the type of ionic liquid has strong influence on the structure of silk-cellulose composites that can form either amorphous or semicrystalline structures. 29174360 0 43 dep structure 35:43 arg1 the 31:33 the 31:33 the 31:33 Impact of ionic liquid type on the structure, morphology and properties of silk-cellulose biocomposite materials. 29174360 7 44 from interactions 1455:1466 arg1 films 1471:1475 films 1471:1475 films 1471:1475 The results have demonstrated that there is a direct relationship between the intermolecular interactions in films and the anion structure of the ionic liquids. 29174360 1 45 theme imidazolium-based 220:236 arg1 liquids 244:250 various imidazolium-based ionic liquids 212:250 various imidazolium-based ionic liquids 212:250 Microcrystalline cellulose and Bombyx mori silk blended biocomposite films were regenerated using various imidazolium-based ionic liquids. 29174360 0 46 theme type 23:26 arg1 Impact 0:5 Impact 0:5 Impact of ionic liquid type on the structure, morphology and properties of silk-cellulose biocomposite materials. 0:112 Impact of ionic liquid type on the structure, morphology and properties of silk-cellulose biocomposite materials. 29174360 6 47 from differences 1327:1337 arg1 crystallinity 1297:1309 the crystallinity 1293:1309 the crystallinity 1293:1309 The topological image provided information to support morphological effects on the varying ionic liquids and X-ray scattering allowed for insight on the role of ionic liquids on the crystallinity and the spacing differences in biocomposite films. 29174360 6 47 from differences 1327:1337 arg1 films 1355:1359 biocomposite films 1342:1359 biocomposite films 1342:1359 The topological image provided information to support morphological effects on the varying ionic liquids and X-ray scattering allowed for insight on the role of ionic liquids on the crystallinity and the spacing differences in biocomposite films. 29174360 3 48 theme morphological 461:473 arg1 properties 487:496 structural, morphological and thermal properties 449:496 structural, morphological and thermal properties 449:496 Various techniques were implemented to investigate structural, morphological and thermal properties of the biocomposite films, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray scattering. 29174360 3 48 theme morphological 461:473 arg1 Fourier 535:541 Fourier 535:541 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray scattering 535:714 Various techniques were implemented to investigate structural, morphological and thermal properties of the biocomposite films, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray scattering. 29174360 3 49 theme scanning 668:675 arg1 DSC 690:692 DSC 690:692 DSC 690:692 Various techniques were implemented to investigate structural, morphological and thermal properties of the biocomposite films, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray scattering. 29174360 3 49 theme scanning 668:675 arg1 calorimetry 677:687 differential scanning calorimetry 655:687 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 655:693 Various techniques were implemented to investigate structural, morphological and thermal properties of the biocomposite films, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray scattering. 29174360 4 50 dep structures 877:886 arg1 either 841:846 either 841:846 either 841:846 Results show that the type of ionic liquid has strong influence on the structure of silk-cellulose composites that can form either amorphous or semicrystalline structures. 29174360 4 50 dep structures 877:886 arg1 semicrystalline 861:875 semicrystalline 861:875 semicrystalline 861:875 Results show that the type of ionic liquid has strong influence on the structure of silk-cellulose composites that can form either amorphous or semicrystalline structures. 29174360 1 51 theme ionic 238:242 arg1 liquids 244:250 various imidazolium-based ionic liquids 212:250 various imidazolium-based ionic liquids 212:250 Microcrystalline cellulose and Bombyx mori silk blended biocomposite films were regenerated using various imidazolium-based ionic liquids. 29174360 6 52 theme biocomposite 1342:1353 arg1 films 1355:1359 biocomposite films 1342:1359 biocomposite films 1342:1359 The topological image provided information to support morphological effects on the varying ionic liquids and X-ray scattering allowed for insight on the role of ionic liquids on the crystallinity and the spacing differences in biocomposite films. 29174360 3 53 theme thermal 619:625 arg1 analysis 639:646 thermal gravimetric analysis 619:646 thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) 619:652 Various techniques were implemented to investigate structural, morphological and thermal properties of the biocomposite films, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray scattering. 29174360 3 53 theme thermal 619:625 arg1 TGA 649:651 TGA 649:651 TGA 649:651 Various techniques were implemented to investigate structural, morphological and thermal properties of the biocomposite films, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray scattering. 29174360 7 54 theme anion 1485:1489 arg1 structure 1491:1499 the anion structure 1481:1499 the anion structure of the ionic liquids 1481:1520 The results have demonstrated that there is a direct relationship between the intermolecular interactions in films and the anion structure of the ionic liquids. 29174360 3 55 theme structural 449:458 arg1 properties 487:496 structural, morphological and thermal properties 449:496 structural, morphological and thermal properties 449:496 Various techniques were implemented to investigate structural, morphological and thermal properties of the biocomposite films, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray scattering. 29174360 3 55 theme structural 449:458 arg1 Fourier 535:541 Fourier 535:541 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray scattering 535:714 Various techniques were implemented to investigate structural, morphological and thermal properties of the biocomposite films, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray scattering. 29174360 3 56 theme X-ray 699:703 arg1 scattering 705:714 X-ray scattering 699:714 X-ray scattering 699:714 Various techniques were implemented to investigate structural, morphological and thermal properties of the biocomposite films, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray scattering. 29174360 3 57 theme gravimetric 627:637 arg1 analysis 639:646 thermal gravimetric analysis 619:646 thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) 619:652 Various techniques were implemented to investigate structural, morphological and thermal properties of the biocomposite films, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray scattering. 29174360 3 57 theme gravimetric 627:637 arg1 TGA 649:651 TGA 649:651 TGA 649:651 Various techniques were implemented to investigate structural, morphological and thermal properties of the biocomposite films, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray scattering. 29174360 1 58 theme Microcrystalline 114:129 arg1 cellulose 131:139 Microcrystalline cellulose 114:139 Microcrystalline cellulose 114:139 Microcrystalline cellulose and Bombyx mori silk blended biocomposite films were regenerated using various imidazolium-based ionic liquids. 29174360 7 59 theme liquids 1514:1520 arg1 interactions 1455:1466 the intermolecular interactions 1436:1466 the intermolecular interactions in films 1436:1475 The results have demonstrated that there is a direct relationship between the intermolecular interactions in films and the anion structure of the ionic liquids. 29174360 7 59 theme liquids 1514:1520 arg1 structure 1491:1499 the anion structure 1481:1499 the anion structure of the ionic liquids 1481:1520 The results have demonstrated that there is a direct relationship between the intermolecular interactions in films and the anion structure of the ionic liquids. 29174360 6 60 theme ionic 1206:1210 arg1 liquids 1212:1218 varying ionic liquids 1198:1218 varying ionic liquids 1198:1218 The topological image provided information to support morphological effects on the varying ionic liquids and X-ray scattering allowed for insight on the role of ionic liquids on the crystallinity and the spacing differences in biocomposite films. 29174360 4 61 theme composites 816:825 arg1 structure 788:796 the structure 784:796 the structure of silk-cellulose composites that can form either amorphous or semicrystalline structures 784:886 Results show that the type of ionic liquid has strong influence on the structure of silk-cellulose composites that can form either amorphous or semicrystalline structures. 29174360 5 62 theme anion 1039:1043 arg1 type 1031:1034 the type 1027:1034 the type of anion, which further causes changes on the biocomposite thermal properties 1027:1112 While the thermal properties are independent of the type of cation in ionic liquids, the levels of β-sheet configuration are dependent on the type of anion, which further causes changes on the biocomposite thermal properties. 29174360 1 63 theme cellulose 131:139 arg1 films 183:187 Microcrystalline cellulose and Bombyx mori silk blended biocomposite films 114:187 Microcrystalline cellulose and Bombyx mori silk blended biocomposite films 114:187 Microcrystalline cellulose and Bombyx mori silk blended biocomposite films were regenerated using various imidazolium-based ionic liquids. 29174360 6 64 theme spacing 1319:1325 arg1 differences 1327:1337 the spacing differences 1315:1337 the spacing differences in biocomposite films 1315:1359 The topological image provided information to support morphological effects on the varying ionic liquids and X-ray scattering allowed for insight on the role of ionic liquids on the crystallinity and the spacing differences in biocomposite films. 29174360 3 65 theme differential 655:666 arg1 DSC 690:692 DSC 690:692 DSC 690:692 Various techniques were implemented to investigate structural, morphological and thermal properties of the biocomposite films, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray scattering. 29174360 3 65 theme differential 655:666 arg1 calorimetry 677:687 differential scanning calorimetry 655:687 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 655:693 Various techniques were implemented to investigate structural, morphological and thermal properties of the biocomposite films, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray scattering. 29174360 5 66 theme biocomposite 1082:1093 arg1 properties 1103:1112 the biocomposite thermal properties 1078:1112 the biocomposite thermal properties 1078:1112 While the thermal properties are independent of the type of cation in ionic liquids, the levels of β-sheet configuration are dependent on the type of anion, which further causes changes on the biocomposite thermal properties. 29174360 5 67 theme ionic 959:963 arg1 liquids 965:971 ionic liquids 959:971 ionic liquids 959:971 While the thermal properties are independent of the type of cation in ionic liquids, the levels of β-sheet configuration are dependent on the type of anion, which further causes changes on the biocomposite thermal properties. 29174360 5 68 from liquids 965:971 arg1 type 941:944 the type 937:944 the type of cation in ionic liquids 937:971 While the thermal properties are independent of the type of cation in ionic liquids, the levels of β-sheet configuration are dependent on the type of anion, which further causes changes on the biocomposite thermal properties. 29174360 5 69 from changes 1067:1073 arg1 properties 1103:1112 the biocomposite thermal properties 1078:1112 the biocomposite thermal properties 1078:1112 While the thermal properties are independent of the type of cation in ionic liquids, the levels of β-sheet configuration are dependent on the type of anion, which further causes changes on the biocomposite thermal properties. 29174360 3 70 theme biocomposite 505:516 arg1 films 518:522 the biocomposite films 501:522 the biocomposite films 501:522 Various techniques were implemented to investigate structural, morphological and thermal properties of the biocomposite films, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray scattering. 29174360 6 71 theme varying 1198:1204 arg1 liquids 1212:1218 varying ionic liquids 1198:1218 varying ionic liquids 1198:1218 The topological image provided information to support morphological effects on the varying ionic liquids and X-ray scattering allowed for insight on the role of ionic liquids on the crystallinity and the spacing differences in biocomposite films. 29174360 1 72 theme Bombyx 145:150 arg1 mori 152:155 Bombyx mori 145:155 Bombyx mori 145:155 Microcrystalline cellulose and Bombyx mori silk blended biocomposite films were regenerated using various imidazolium-based ionic liquids. 29174360 5 73 theme thermal 899:905 arg1 independent 922:932 independent 922:932 independent 922:932 While the thermal properties are independent of the type of cation in ionic liquids, the levels of β-sheet configuration are dependent on the type of anion, which further causes changes on the biocomposite thermal properties. 29174360 5 73 theme thermal 899:905 arg1 properties 907:916 the thermal properties 895:916 the thermal properties 895:916 While the thermal properties are independent of the type of cation in ionic liquids, the levels of β-sheet configuration are dependent on the type of anion, which further causes changes on the biocomposite thermal properties. 29174360 6 74 theme morphological 1169:1181 arg1 effects 1183:1189 morphological effects 1169:1189 morphological effects on the varying ionic liquids and X-ray scattering allowed for insight on the role of ionic liquids on the crystallinity and the spacing differences in biocomposite films 1169:1359 The topological image provided information to support morphological effects on the varying ionic liquids and X-ray scattering allowed for insight on the role of ionic liquids on the crystallinity and the spacing differences in biocomposite films. 29174360 6 75 theme X-ray 1224:1228 arg1 scattering 1230:1239 X-ray scattering 1224:1239 X-ray scattering 1224:1239 The topological image provided information to support morphological effects on the varying ionic liquids and X-ray scattering allowed for insight on the role of ionic liquids on the crystallinity and the spacing differences in biocomposite films. 29174360 1 76 theme mori 152:155 arg1 films 183:187 Microcrystalline cellulose and Bombyx mori silk blended biocomposite films 114:187 Microcrystalline cellulose and Bombyx mori silk blended biocomposite films 114:187 Microcrystalline cellulose and Bombyx mori silk blended biocomposite films were regenerated using various imidazolium-based ionic liquids. 27085301 4 0 theme mean 550:553 arg1 μm 602:603 25.3 ± 5.4 μm and 18.5 ± 2.3% 591:619 μm 602:603 The microspheres were spherical in shape and the mean particle size and drug loading were 25.3 ± 5.4 μm and 18.5 ± 2.3% respectively. 27085301 4 0 theme mean 550:553 arg1 size 564:567 the mean particle size 546:567 the mean particle size 546:567 The microspheres were spherical in shape and the mean particle size and drug loading were 25.3 ± 5.4 μm and 18.5 ± 2.3% respectively. 27085301 5 1 theme cumulative 698:707 arg1 release 709:715 cumulative release 698:715 cumulative release increased in a time frame of 24 h to reach an amount i.e. ~68% 698:778 A sustained vancomycin release was realized i.e. the amount of cumulative release increased in a time frame of 24 h to reach an amount i.e. ~68%. 27085301 4 2 theme ± 614:614 arg1 % 619:619 25.3 ± 5.4 μm and 18.5 ± 2.3% 591:619 % 619:619 The microspheres were spherical in shape and the mean particle size and drug loading were 25.3 ± 5.4 μm and 18.5 ± 2.3% respectively. 27085301 0 3 theme In 86:87 arg1 Evaluation 94:103 In Vivo Evaluation 86:103 In Vivo Evaluation 86:103 Novel Alginate-Chitosan Composite Microspheres for Implant Delivery of Vancomycin and In Vivo Evaluation. 27085301 5 4 dep % 778:778 arg1 i.e. 770:773 i.e. 770:773 i.e. 770:773 A sustained vancomycin release was realized i.e. the amount of cumulative release increased in a time frame of 24 h to reach an amount i.e. ~68%. 27085301 7 5 dep In 924:925 arg1 vivo 927:930 vivo 927:930 vivo 927:930 In vivo results showed that the application of microspheres not only reduced the toxicity, but also maintained effective drug concentration. 27085301 8 6 theme cells 1145:1149 arg1 sloughing 1121:1129 sloughing 1121:1129 sloughing of epithelial cells 1121:1149 In addition, no severe signs of epithelial necrosis and sloughing of epithelial cells were detected in histological studies. 27085301 8 6 theme cells 1145:1149 arg1 necrosis 1108:1115 epithelial necrosis 1097:1115 epithelial necrosis 1097:1115 In addition, no severe signs of epithelial necrosis and sloughing of epithelial cells were detected in histological studies. 27085301 6 7 theme correlation 888:898 arg1 coefficient 900:910 a correlation coefficient 886:910 a correlation coefficient r = 0.9996 886:921 The model that fit best for vancomycin released from the microspheres was the Higuchi kinetic model with a correlation coefficient r = 0.9996. 27085301 2 8 theme application 310:320 arg1 feasibility 295:305 the feasibility 291:305 the feasibility of application 291:320 The in vitro and vivo characterizations were done to evaluate the feasibility of application. 27085301 5 9 theme h 749:749 arg1 frame 737:741 a time frame 730:741 a time frame of 24 h to reach an amount i.e. ~68% 730:778 A sustained vancomycin release was realized i.e. the amount of cumulative release increased in a time frame of 24 h to reach an amount i.e. ~68%. 27085301 1 10 dep loaded 132:137 arg1 vancomycin 121:130 vancomycin 121:130 vancomycin 121:130 In this study, vancomycin loaded alginate-chitosan composite microspheres were developed by emulsion cross-linking method. 27085301 6 11 attach released 820:827 arg2 vancomycin 809:818 vancomycin 809:818 vancomycin released from the microspheres 809:849 The model that fit best for vancomycin released from the microspheres was the Higuchi kinetic model with a correlation coefficient r = 0.9996. 27085301 6 11 attach released 820:827 arg1 microspheres 838:849 the microspheres 834:849 the microspheres 834:849 The model that fit best for vancomycin released from the microspheres was the Higuchi kinetic model with a correlation coefficient r = 0.9996. 27085301 3 12 theme cross-linking 379:391 arg1 technique 393:401 the emulsification cross-linking technique 360:401 the emulsification cross-linking technique 360:401 Our experimental results showed that the emulsification cross-linking technique appeared to be a feasible method for the preparation of alginate-chitosan composite microspheres. 27085301 3 12 theme cross-linking 379:391 arg1 method 429:434 a feasible method 418:434 a feasible method for the preparation of alginate-chitosan composite microspheres 418:498 Our experimental results showed that the emulsification cross-linking technique appeared to be a feasible method for the preparation of alginate-chitosan composite microspheres. 27085301 5 13 theme vancomycin 647:656 arg1 release 658:664 A sustained vancomycin release 635:664 A sustained vancomycin release 635:664 A sustained vancomycin release was realized i.e. the amount of cumulative release increased in a time frame of 24 h to reach an amount i.e. ~68%. 27085301 5 14 theme sustained 637:645 arg1 release 658:664 A sustained vancomycin release 635:664 A sustained vancomycin release 635:664 A sustained vancomycin release was realized i.e. the amount of cumulative release increased in a time frame of 24 h to reach an amount i.e. ~68%. 27085301 1 15 theme emulsion 198:205 arg1 method 221:226 emulsion cross-linking method 198:226 emulsion cross-linking method 198:226 In this study, vancomycin loaded alginate-chitosan composite microspheres were developed by emulsion cross-linking method. 27085301 3 16 theme microspheres 487:498 arg1 preparation 444:454 the preparation 440:454 the preparation of alginate-chitosan composite microspheres 440:498 Our experimental results showed that the emulsification cross-linking technique appeared to be a feasible method for the preparation of alginate-chitosan composite microspheres. 27085301 6 17 dep coefficient 900:910 arg1 = 914:914 = 914:914 = 914:914 The model that fit best for vancomycin released from the microspheres was the Higuchi kinetic model with a correlation coefficient r = 0.9996. 27085301 7 18 theme In 924:925 arg1 results 932:938 In vivo results 924:938 In vivo results 924:938 In vivo results showed that the application of microspheres not only reduced the toxicity, but also maintained effective drug concentration. 27085301 3 19 theme feasible 420:427 arg1 technique 393:401 the emulsification cross-linking technique 360:401 the emulsification cross-linking technique 360:401 Our experimental results showed that the emulsification cross-linking technique appeared to be a feasible method for the preparation of alginate-chitosan composite microspheres. 27085301 3 19 theme feasible 420:427 arg1 method 429:434 a feasible method 418:434 a feasible method for the preparation of alginate-chitosan composite microspheres 418:498 Our experimental results showed that the emulsification cross-linking technique appeared to be a feasible method for the preparation of alginate-chitosan composite microspheres. 27085301 6 20 theme kinetic 867:873 arg1 model 785:789 The model 781:789 The model that fit best for vancomycin released from the microspheres 781:849 The model that fit best for vancomycin released from the microspheres was the Higuchi kinetic model with a correlation coefficient r = 0.9996. 27085301 6 20 theme kinetic 867:873 arg1 model 875:879 the Higuchi kinetic model 855:879 the Higuchi kinetic model 855:879 The model that fit best for vancomycin released from the microspheres was the Higuchi kinetic model with a correlation coefficient r = 0.9996. 27085301 4 21 from shape 536:540 arg1 microspheres 505:516 The microspheres 501:516 The microspheres 501:516 The microspheres were spherical in shape and the mean particle size and drug loading were 25.3 ± 5.4 μm and 18.5 ± 2.3% respectively. 27085301 4 21 from shape 536:540 arg1 spherical 523:531 spherical 523:531 spherical 523:531 The microspheres were spherical in shape and the mean particle size and drug loading were 25.3 ± 5.4 μm and 18.5 ± 2.3% respectively. 27085301 8 22 theme severe 1081:1086 arg1 signs 1088:1092 no severe signs 1078:1092 no severe signs of epithelial necrosis and sloughing of epithelial cells 1078:1149 In addition, no severe signs of epithelial necrosis and sloughing of epithelial cells were detected in histological studies. 27085301 3 23 theme alginate-chitosan 459:475 arg1 microspheres 487:498 alginate-chitosan composite microspheres 459:498 alginate-chitosan composite microspheres 459:498 Our experimental results showed that the emulsification cross-linking technique appeared to be a feasible method for the preparation of alginate-chitosan composite microspheres. 27085301 0 24 theme Novel 0:4 arg1 Microspheres 34:45 Novel Alginate-Chitosan Composite Microspheres 0:45 Novel Alginate-Chitosan Composite Microspheres for Implant Delivery of Vancomycin and In Vivo Evaluation. 0:104 Novel Alginate-Chitosan Composite Microspheres for Implant Delivery of Vancomycin and In Vivo Evaluation. 27085301 0 25 dep In 86:87 arg1 Vivo 89:92 Vivo 89:92 Vivo 89:92 Novel Alginate-Chitosan Composite Microspheres for Implant Delivery of Vancomycin and In Vivo Evaluation. 27085301 1 26 theme cross-linking 207:219 arg1 method 221:226 emulsion cross-linking method 198:226 emulsion cross-linking method 198:226 In this study, vancomycin loaded alginate-chitosan composite microspheres were developed by emulsion cross-linking method. 27085301 4 27 theme ± 596:596 arg1 size 564:567 the mean particle size 546:567 the mean particle size 546:567 The microspheres were spherical in shape and the mean particle size and drug loading were 25.3 ± 5.4 μm and 18.5 ± 2.3% respectively. 27085301 4 27 theme ± 596:596 arg1 μm 602:603 25.3 ± 5.4 μm and 18.5 ± 2.3% 591:619 μm 602:603 The microspheres were spherical in shape and the mean particle size and drug loading were 25.3 ± 5.4 μm and 18.5 ± 2.3% respectively. 27085301 4 28 from spherical 523:531 arg1 shape 536:540 shape 536:540 shape 536:540 The microspheres were spherical in shape and the mean particle size and drug loading were 25.3 ± 5.4 μm and 18.5 ± 2.3% respectively. 27085301 0 29 theme Composite 24:32 arg1 Microspheres 34:45 Novel Alginate-Chitosan Composite Microspheres 0:45 Novel Alginate-Chitosan Composite Microspheres for Implant Delivery of Vancomycin and In Vivo Evaluation. 0:104 Novel Alginate-Chitosan Composite Microspheres for Implant Delivery of Vancomycin and In Vivo Evaluation. 27085301 5 30 theme time 732:735 arg1 frame 737:741 a time frame 730:741 a time frame of 24 h to reach an amount i.e. ~68% 730:778 A sustained vancomycin release was realized i.e. the amount of cumulative release increased in a time frame of 24 h to reach an amount i.e. ~68%. 27085301 6 31 theme Higuchi 859:865 arg1 model 785:789 The model 781:789 The model that fit best for vancomycin released from the microspheres 781:849 The model that fit best for vancomycin released from the microspheres was the Higuchi kinetic model with a correlation coefficient r = 0.9996. 27085301 6 31 theme Higuchi 859:865 arg1 model 875:879 the Higuchi kinetic model 855:879 the Higuchi kinetic model 855:879 The model that fit best for vancomycin released from the microspheres was the Higuchi kinetic model with a correlation coefficient r = 0.9996. 27085301 8 32 located detected 1156:1163 arg1 studies 1181:1187 histological studies 1168:1187 histological studies 1168:1187 In addition, no severe signs of epithelial necrosis and sloughing of epithelial cells were detected in histological studies. 27085301 8 32 located detected 1156:1163 arg2 signs 1088:1092 no severe signs 1078:1092 no severe signs of epithelial necrosis and sloughing of epithelial cells 1078:1149 In addition, no severe signs of epithelial necrosis and sloughing of epithelial cells were detected in histological studies. 27085301 8 32 located detected 1156:1163 arg1 addition 1068:1075 addition 1068:1075 addition 1068:1075 In addition, no severe signs of epithelial necrosis and sloughing of epithelial cells were detected in histological studies. 27085301 6 33 with model 875:879 arg1 coefficient 900:910 a correlation coefficient 886:910 a correlation coefficient r = 0.9996 886:921 The model that fit best for vancomycin released from the microspheres was the Higuchi kinetic model with a correlation coefficient r = 0.9996. 27085301 0 34 theme Implant 51:57 arg1 Delivery 59:66 Implant Delivery 51:66 Implant Delivery of Vancomycin 51:80 Novel Alginate-Chitosan Composite Microspheres for Implant Delivery of Vancomycin and In Vivo Evaluation. 27085301 7 35 theme effective 1035:1043 arg1 concentration 1050:1062 effective drug concentration 1035:1062 effective drug concentration 1035:1062 In vivo results showed that the application of microspheres not only reduced the toxicity, but also maintained effective drug concentration. 27085301 5 36 dep amount 688:693 arg1 i.e. 679:682 i.e. 679:682 i.e. 679:682 A sustained vancomycin release was realized i.e. the amount of cumulative release increased in a time frame of 24 h to reach an amount i.e. ~68%. 27085301 3 37 theme composite 477:485 arg1 microspheres 487:498 alginate-chitosan composite microspheres 459:498 alginate-chitosan composite microspheres 459:498 Our experimental results showed that the emulsification cross-linking technique appeared to be a feasible method for the preparation of alginate-chitosan composite microspheres. 27085301 7 38 theme drug 1045:1048 arg1 concentration 1050:1062 effective drug concentration 1035:1062 effective drug concentration 1035:1062 In vivo results showed that the application of microspheres not only reduced the toxicity, but also maintained effective drug concentration. 27085301 8 39 theme sloughing 1121:1129 arg1 signs 1088:1092 no severe signs 1078:1092 no severe signs of epithelial necrosis and sloughing of epithelial cells 1078:1149 In addition, no severe signs of epithelial necrosis and sloughing of epithelial cells were detected in histological studies. 27085301 2 40 theme vivo 246:249 arg1 characterizations 251:267 The in vitro and vivo characterizations 229:267 The in vitro and vivo characterizations 229:267 The in vitro and vivo characterizations were done to evaluate the feasibility of application. 27085301 8 41 theme histological 1168:1179 arg1 studies 1181:1187 histological studies 1168:1187 histological studies 1168:1187 In addition, no severe signs of epithelial necrosis and sloughing of epithelial cells were detected in histological studies. 27085301 4 42 theme drug 573:576 arg1 loading 578:584 drug loading 573:584 drug loading 573:584 The microspheres were spherical in shape and the mean particle size and drug loading were 25.3 ± 5.4 μm and 18.5 ± 2.3% respectively. 27085301 3 43 theme experimental 327:338 arg1 results 340:346 Our experimental results 323:346 Our experimental results 323:346 Our experimental results showed that the emulsification cross-linking technique appeared to be a feasible method for the preparation of alginate-chitosan composite microspheres. 27085301 0 44 theme Vancomycin 71:80 arg1 Delivery 59:66 Implant Delivery 51:66 Implant Delivery of Vancomycin 51:80 Novel Alginate-Chitosan Composite Microspheres for Implant Delivery of Vancomycin and In Vivo Evaluation. 27085301 0 44 theme Vancomycin 71:80 arg1 Evaluation 94:103 In Vivo Evaluation 86:103 In Vivo Evaluation 86:103 Novel Alginate-Chitosan Composite Microspheres for Implant Delivery of Vancomycin and In Vivo Evaluation. 27085301 5 45 theme release 709:715 arg1 amount 688:693 the amount 684:693 the amount of cumulative release increased in a time frame of 24 h to reach an amount i.e. ~68% 684:778 A sustained vancomycin release was realized i.e. the amount of cumulative release increased in a time frame of 24 h to reach an amount i.e. ~68%. 27085301 5 45 theme release 709:715 arg1 release 709:715 cumulative release 698:715 cumulative release increased in a time frame of 24 h to reach an amount i.e. ~68% 698:778 A sustained vancomycin release was realized i.e. the amount of cumulative release increased in a time frame of 24 h to reach an amount i.e. ~68%. 27085301 2 46 theme in 233:234 arg1 characterizations 251:267 The in vitro and vivo characterizations 229:267 The in vitro and vivo characterizations 229:267 The in vitro and vivo characterizations were done to evaluate the feasibility of application. 27085301 1 47 theme composite 157:165 arg1 microspheres 167:178 vancomycin loaded alginate-chitosan composite microspheres 121:178 vancomycin loaded alginate-chitosan composite microspheres 121:178 In this study, vancomycin loaded alginate-chitosan composite microspheres were developed by emulsion cross-linking method. 27085301 8 48 theme epithelial 1097:1106 arg1 necrosis 1108:1115 epithelial necrosis 1097:1115 epithelial necrosis 1097:1115 In addition, no severe signs of epithelial necrosis and sloughing of epithelial cells were detected in histological studies. 27085301 7 49 theme microspheres 971:982 arg1 application 956:966 the application 952:966 the application of microspheres 952:982 In vivo results showed that the application of microspheres not only reduced the toxicity, but also maintained effective drug concentration. 27085301 1 50 theme loaded 132:137 arg1 microspheres 167:178 vancomycin loaded alginate-chitosan composite microspheres 121:178 vancomycin loaded alginate-chitosan composite microspheres 121:178 In this study, vancomycin loaded alginate-chitosan composite microspheres were developed by emulsion cross-linking method. 27085301 8 51 theme necrosis 1108:1115 arg1 signs 1088:1092 no severe signs 1078:1092 no severe signs of epithelial necrosis and sloughing of epithelial cells 1078:1149 In addition, no severe signs of epithelial necrosis and sloughing of epithelial cells were detected in histological studies. 27085301 1 52 theme alginate-chitosan 139:155 arg1 microspheres 167:178 vancomycin loaded alginate-chitosan composite microspheres 121:178 vancomycin loaded alginate-chitosan composite microspheres 121:178 In this study, vancomycin loaded alginate-chitosan composite microspheres were developed by emulsion cross-linking method. 27085301 2 53 dep in 233:234 arg1 vitro 236:240 vitro 236:240 vitro 236:240 The in vitro and vivo characterizations were done to evaluate the feasibility of application. 27085301 3 54 theme emulsification 364:377 arg1 technique 393:401 the emulsification cross-linking technique 360:401 the emulsification cross-linking technique 360:401 Our experimental results showed that the emulsification cross-linking technique appeared to be a feasible method for the preparation of alginate-chitosan composite microspheres. 27085301 3 54 theme emulsification 364:377 arg1 method 429:434 a feasible method 418:434 a feasible method for the preparation of alginate-chitosan composite microspheres 418:498 Our experimental results showed that the emulsification cross-linking technique appeared to be a feasible method for the preparation of alginate-chitosan composite microspheres. 27085301 4 55 theme particle 555:562 arg1 μm 602:603 25.3 ± 5.4 μm and 18.5 ± 2.3% 591:619 μm 602:603 The microspheres were spherical in shape and the mean particle size and drug loading were 25.3 ± 5.4 μm and 18.5 ± 2.3% respectively. 27085301 4 55 theme particle 555:562 arg1 size 564:567 the mean particle size 546:567 the mean particle size 546:567 The microspheres were spherical in shape and the mean particle size and drug loading were 25.3 ± 5.4 μm and 18.5 ± 2.3% respectively. 27085301 0 56 theme Alginate-Chitosan 6:22 arg1 Microspheres 34:45 Novel Alginate-Chitosan Composite Microspheres 0:45 Novel Alginate-Chitosan Composite Microspheres for Implant Delivery of Vancomycin and In Vivo Evaluation. 0:104 Novel Alginate-Chitosan Composite Microspheres for Implant Delivery of Vancomycin and In Vivo Evaluation. 27085301 8 57 theme epithelial 1134:1143 arg1 cells 1145:1149 epithelial cells 1134:1149 epithelial cells 1134:1149 In addition, no severe signs of epithelial necrosis and sloughing of epithelial cells were detected in histological studies. 28450003 4 0 theme product 1093:1099 arg1 attributes 1101:1110 final product attributes 1087:1110 final product attributes 1087:1110 The findings provide new entry points for modifying final product attributes. 28450003 1 1 theme amylose 248:254 arg1 content 256:262 normal amylose content 241:262 normal amylose content 241:262 Wheat grain proteins responses to mixing and thermal treatment were investigated using Mixolab-dough analysis systems with flour from two cultivars, Ventura-26 (normal amylose content) and Ventura-19 (reduced amylose content). 28450003 1 1 theme amylose 248:254 arg1 Ventura-26 229:238 Ventura-26 229:238 Ventura-26 (normal amylose content) 229:263 Wheat grain proteins responses to mixing and thermal treatment were investigated using Mixolab-dough analysis systems with flour from two cultivars, Ventura-26 (normal amylose content) and Ventura-19 (reduced amylose content). 28450003 2 2 theme Ventura-19 799:808 arg1 matrix 789:794 the dough matrix 779:794 the dough matrix of Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C) 779:844 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis revealed that, stress associated and metabolic proteins largely interacted with dough matrix of Ventura-26 after 26min (56°C); gliadins, avenin-like b proteins, LMW-GSs, and partial globulins showed stronger interactions within the dough matrix of Ventura-26 at 32min/C3 (80°C), thereafter, however, stronger protein interactions were observed within the dough matrix of Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C). 28450003 3 3 theme chromosome 1005:1014 arg1 group 1016:1020 the chromosome group 1, 4, and 6 1001:1032 the chromosome group 1, 4, and 6 1001:1032 Thirty-seven proteins associated with changes in dough matrix due to reduced amylose content were identified by mass spectrometry and mainly annotated to the chromosome group 1, 4, and 6. 28450003 2 4 theme Size 307:310 arg1 SE-HPLC 362:368 SE-HPLC 362:368 SE-HPLC 362:368 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis revealed that, stress associated and metabolic proteins largely interacted with dough matrix of Ventura-26 after 26min (56°C); gliadins, avenin-like b proteins, LMW-GSs, and partial globulins showed stronger interactions within the dough matrix of Ventura-26 at 32min/C3 (80°C), thereafter, however, stronger protein interactions were observed within the dough matrix of Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C). 28450003 2 4 theme Size 307:310 arg1 chromatography 346:359 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography 307:359 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) 307:369 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis revealed that, stress associated and metabolic proteins largely interacted with dough matrix of Ventura-26 after 26min (56°C); gliadins, avenin-like b proteins, LMW-GSs, and partial globulins showed stronger interactions within the dough matrix of Ventura-26 at 32min/C3 (80°C), thereafter, however, stronger protein interactions were observed within the dough matrix of Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C). 28450003 2 5 theme b 577:577 arg1 proteins 579:586 avenin-like b proteins 565:586 avenin-like b proteins 565:586 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis revealed that, stress associated and metabolic proteins largely interacted with dough matrix of Ventura-26 after 26min (56°C); gliadins, avenin-like b proteins, LMW-GSs, and partial globulins showed stronger interactions within the dough matrix of Ventura-26 at 32min/C3 (80°C), thereafter, however, stronger protein interactions were observed within the dough matrix of Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C). 28450003 2 6 theme stronger 627:634 arg1 interactions 636:647 stronger interactions 627:647 stronger interactions 627:647 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis revealed that, stress associated and metabolic proteins largely interacted with dough matrix of Ventura-26 after 26min (56°C); gliadins, avenin-like b proteins, LMW-GSs, and partial globulins showed stronger interactions within the dough matrix of Ventura-26 at 32min/C3 (80°C), thereafter, however, stronger protein interactions were observed within the dough matrix of Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C). 28450003 2 7 theme stronger 728:735 arg1 interactions 745:756 stronger protein interactions 728:756 stronger protein interactions 728:756 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis revealed that, stress associated and metabolic proteins largely interacted with dough matrix of Ventura-26 after 26min (56°C); gliadins, avenin-like b proteins, LMW-GSs, and partial globulins showed stronger interactions within the dough matrix of Ventura-26 at 32min/C3 (80°C), thereafter, however, stronger protein interactions were observed within the dough matrix of Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C). 28450003 2 8 theme exclusion 312:320 arg1 SE-HPLC 362:368 SE-HPLC 362:368 SE-HPLC 362:368 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis revealed that, stress associated and metabolic proteins largely interacted with dough matrix of Ventura-26 after 26min (56°C); gliadins, avenin-like b proteins, LMW-GSs, and partial globulins showed stronger interactions within the dough matrix of Ventura-26 at 32min/C3 (80°C), thereafter, however, stronger protein interactions were observed within the dough matrix of Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C). 28450003 2 8 theme exclusion 312:320 arg1 chromatography 346:359 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography 307:359 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) 307:369 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis revealed that, stress associated and metabolic proteins largely interacted with dough matrix of Ventura-26 after 26min (56°C); gliadins, avenin-like b proteins, LMW-GSs, and partial globulins showed stronger interactions within the dough matrix of Ventura-26 at 32min/C3 (80°C), thereafter, however, stronger protein interactions were observed within the dough matrix of Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C). 28450003 4 9 theme entry 1060:1064 arg1 points 1066:1071 new entry points 1056:1071 new entry points for modifying final product attributes 1056:1110 The findings provide new entry points for modifying final product attributes. 28450003 3 10 theme mass 959:962 arg1 spectrometry 964:975 mass spectrometry 959:975 mass spectrometry 959:975 Thirty-seven proteins associated with changes in dough matrix due to reduced amylose content were identified by mass spectrometry and mainly annotated to the chromosome group 1, 4, and 6. 28450003 2 11 from matrix 789:794 arg1 80°C 840:843 80°C 840:843 80°C 840:843 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis revealed that, stress associated and metabolic proteins largely interacted with dough matrix of Ventura-26 after 26min (56°C); gliadins, avenin-like b proteins, LMW-GSs, and partial globulins showed stronger interactions within the dough matrix of Ventura-26 at 32min/C3 (80°C), thereafter, however, stronger protein interactions were observed within the dough matrix of Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C). 28450003 2 11 from matrix 789:794 arg1 85°C 823:826 85°C 823:826 85°C 823:826 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis revealed that, stress associated and metabolic proteins largely interacted with dough matrix of Ventura-26 after 26min (56°C); gliadins, avenin-like b proteins, LMW-GSs, and partial globulins showed stronger interactions within the dough matrix of Ventura-26 at 32min/C3 (80°C), thereafter, however, stronger protein interactions were observed within the dough matrix of Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C). 28450003 2 11 from matrix 789:794 arg1 43min 833:837 43min 833:837 43min (80°C) 833:844 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis revealed that, stress associated and metabolic proteins largely interacted with dough matrix of Ventura-26 after 26min (56°C); gliadins, avenin-like b proteins, LMW-GSs, and partial globulins showed stronger interactions within the dough matrix of Ventura-26 at 32min/C3 (80°C), thereafter, however, stronger protein interactions were observed within the dough matrix of Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C). 28450003 2 11 from matrix 789:794 arg1 38min/C4 813:820 38min/C4 813:820 38min/C4 (85°C) 813:827 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis revealed that, stress associated and metabolic proteins largely interacted with dough matrix of Ventura-26 after 26min (56°C); gliadins, avenin-like b proteins, LMW-GSs, and partial globulins showed stronger interactions within the dough matrix of Ventura-26 at 32min/C3 (80°C), thereafter, however, stronger protein interactions were observed within the dough matrix of Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C). 28450003 4 12 theme new 1056:1058 arg1 points 1066:1071 new entry points 1056:1071 new entry points for modifying final product attributes 1056:1110 The findings provide new entry points for modifying final product attributes. 28450003 1 13 theme Mixolab-dough 167:179 arg1 systems 190:196 Mixolab-dough analysis systems 167:196 Mixolab-dough analysis systems 167:196 Wheat grain proteins responses to mixing and thermal treatment were investigated using Mixolab-dough analysis systems with flour from two cultivars, Ventura-26 (normal amylose content) and Ventura-19 (reduced amylose content). 28450003 2 14 from 38min/C4 813:820 arg1 Ventura-19 799:808 Ventura-19 799:808 Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C) 799:844 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis revealed that, stress associated and metabolic proteins largely interacted with dough matrix of Ventura-26 after 26min (56°C); gliadins, avenin-like b proteins, LMW-GSs, and partial globulins showed stronger interactions within the dough matrix of Ventura-26 at 32min/C3 (80°C), thereafter, however, stronger protein interactions were observed within the dough matrix of Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C). 28450003 2 14 from 38min/C4 813:820 arg1 matrix 789:794 the dough matrix 779:794 the dough matrix of Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C) 779:844 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis revealed that, stress associated and metabolic proteins largely interacted with dough matrix of Ventura-26 after 26min (56°C); gliadins, avenin-like b proteins, LMW-GSs, and partial globulins showed stronger interactions within the dough matrix of Ventura-26 at 32min/C3 (80°C), thereafter, however, stronger protein interactions were observed within the dough matrix of Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C). 28450003 2 15 theme partial 602:608 arg1 globulins 610:618 partial globulins 602:618 partial globulins 602:618 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis revealed that, stress associated and metabolic proteins largely interacted with dough matrix of Ventura-26 after 26min (56°C); gliadins, avenin-like b proteins, LMW-GSs, and partial globulins showed stronger interactions within the dough matrix of Ventura-26 at 32min/C3 (80°C), thereafter, however, stronger protein interactions were observed within the dough matrix of Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C). 28450003 1 16 theme analysis 181:188 arg1 systems 190:196 Mixolab-dough analysis systems 167:196 Mixolab-dough analysis systems 167:196 Wheat grain proteins responses to mixing and thermal treatment were investigated using Mixolab-dough analysis systems with flour from two cultivars, Ventura-26 (normal amylose content) and Ventura-19 (reduced amylose content). 28450003 0 17 theme altered 64:70 arg1 starch 72:77 altered starch 64:77 altered starch 64:77 Protein interactions during flour mixing using wheat flour with altered starch. 28450003 1 18 theme Wheat 80:84 arg1 responses 101:109 Wheat grain proteins responses 80:109 Wheat grain proteins responses to mixing and thermal treatment 80:141 Wheat grain proteins responses to mixing and thermal treatment were investigated using Mixolab-dough analysis systems with flour from two cultivars, Ventura-26 (normal amylose content) and Ventura-19 (reduced amylose content). 28450003 3 19 theme Thirty-seven 847:858 arg1 proteins 860:867 Thirty-seven proteins 847:867 Thirty-seven proteins associated with changes in dough matrix due to reduced amylose content 847:938 Thirty-seven proteins associated with changes in dough matrix due to reduced amylose content were identified by mass spectrometry and mainly annotated to the chromosome group 1, 4, and 6. 28450003 2 20 theme two-dimensional 375:389 arg1 analysis 419:426 two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis 375:426 two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis 375:426 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis revealed that, stress associated and metabolic proteins largely interacted with dough matrix of Ventura-26 after 26min (56°C); gliadins, avenin-like b proteins, LMW-GSs, and partial globulins showed stronger interactions within the dough matrix of Ventura-26 at 32min/C3 (80°C), thereafter, however, stronger protein interactions were observed within the dough matrix of Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C). 28450003 0 21 theme Protein 0:6 arg1 interactions 8:19 Protein interactions 0:19 Protein interactions 0:19 Protein interactions during flour mixing using wheat flour with altered starch. 28450003 2 22 theme dough 660:664 arg1 matrix 666:671 the dough matrix 656:671 the dough matrix of Ventura-26 at 32min/C3 (80°C) 656:704 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis revealed that, stress associated and metabolic proteins largely interacted with dough matrix of Ventura-26 after 26min (56°C); gliadins, avenin-like b proteins, LMW-GSs, and partial globulins showed stronger interactions within the dough matrix of Ventura-26 at 32min/C3 (80°C), thereafter, however, stronger protein interactions were observed within the dough matrix of Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C). 28450003 1 23 theme grain 86:90 arg1 responses 101:109 Wheat grain proteins responses 80:109 Wheat grain proteins responses to mixing and thermal treatment 80:141 Wheat grain proteins responses to mixing and thermal treatment were investigated using Mixolab-dough analysis systems with flour from two cultivars, Ventura-26 (normal amylose content) and Ventura-19 (reduced amylose content). 28450003 2 24 from 32min/C3 690:697 arg1 matrix 666:671 the dough matrix 656:671 the dough matrix of Ventura-26 at 32min/C3 (80°C) 656:704 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis revealed that, stress associated and metabolic proteins largely interacted with dough matrix of Ventura-26 after 26min (56°C); gliadins, avenin-like b proteins, LMW-GSs, and partial globulins showed stronger interactions within the dough matrix of Ventura-26 at 32min/C3 (80°C), thereafter, however, stronger protein interactions were observed within the dough matrix of Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C). 28450003 0 25 theme flour 28:32 arg1 mixing 34:39 flour mixing 28:39 flour mixing using wheat flour with altered starch 28:77 Protein interactions during flour mixing using wheat flour with altered starch. 28450003 1 26 theme proteins 92:99 arg1 responses 101:109 Wheat grain proteins responses 80:109 Wheat grain proteins responses to mixing and thermal treatment 80:141 Wheat grain proteins responses to mixing and thermal treatment were investigated using Mixolab-dough analysis systems with flour from two cultivars, Ventura-26 (normal amylose content) and Ventura-19 (reduced amylose content). 28450003 3 27 theme dough 896:900 arg1 matrix 902:907 dough matrix 896:907 dough matrix due to reduced amylose content 896:938 Thirty-seven proteins associated with changes in dough matrix due to reduced amylose content were identified by mass spectrometry and mainly annotated to the chromosome group 1, 4, and 6. 28450003 1 28 theme reduced 281:287 arg1 Ventura-19 269:278 Ventura-19 269:278 Ventura-19 (reduced amylose content) 269:304 Wheat grain proteins responses to mixing and thermal treatment were investigated using Mixolab-dough analysis systems with flour from two cultivars, Ventura-26 (normal amylose content) and Ventura-19 (reduced amylose content). 28450003 1 28 theme reduced 281:287 arg1 content 297:303 reduced amylose content 281:303 reduced amylose content 281:303 Wheat grain proteins responses to mixing and thermal treatment were investigated using Mixolab-dough analysis systems with flour from two cultivars, Ventura-26 (normal amylose content) and Ventura-19 (reduced amylose content). 28450003 2 29 located observed 763:770 arg2 interactions 745:756 stronger protein interactions 728:756 stronger protein interactions 728:756 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis revealed that, stress associated and metabolic proteins largely interacted with dough matrix of Ventura-26 after 26min (56°C); gliadins, avenin-like b proteins, LMW-GSs, and partial globulins showed stronger interactions within the dough matrix of Ventura-26 at 32min/C3 (80°C), thereafter, however, stronger protein interactions were observed within the dough matrix of Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C). 28450003 2 29 located observed 763:770 arg1 matrix 789:794 the dough matrix 779:794 the dough matrix of Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C) 779:844 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis revealed that, stress associated and metabolic proteins largely interacted with dough matrix of Ventura-26 after 26min (56°C); gliadins, avenin-like b proteins, LMW-GSs, and partial globulins showed stronger interactions within the dough matrix of Ventura-26 at 32min/C3 (80°C), thereafter, however, stronger protein interactions were observed within the dough matrix of Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C). 28450003 1 30 theme amylose 289:295 arg1 Ventura-19 269:278 Ventura-19 269:278 Ventura-19 (reduced amylose content) 269:304 Wheat grain proteins responses to mixing and thermal treatment were investigated using Mixolab-dough analysis systems with flour from two cultivars, Ventura-26 (normal amylose content) and Ventura-19 (reduced amylose content). 28450003 1 30 theme amylose 289:295 arg1 content 297:303 reduced amylose content 281:303 reduced amylose content 281:303 Wheat grain proteins responses to mixing and thermal treatment were investigated using Mixolab-dough analysis systems with flour from two cultivars, Ventura-26 (normal amylose content) and Ventura-19 (reduced amylose content). 28450003 2 31 theme protein 737:743 arg1 interactions 745:756 stronger protein interactions 728:756 stronger protein interactions 728:756 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis revealed that, stress associated and metabolic proteins largely interacted with dough matrix of Ventura-26 after 26min (56°C); gliadins, avenin-like b proteins, LMW-GSs, and partial globulins showed stronger interactions within the dough matrix of Ventura-26 at 32min/C3 (80°C), thereafter, however, stronger protein interactions were observed within the dough matrix of Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C). 28450003 2 32 theme 2-DGE 412:416 arg1 analysis 419:426 two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis 375:426 two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis 375:426 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis revealed that, stress associated and metabolic proteins largely interacted with dough matrix of Ventura-26 after 26min (56°C); gliadins, avenin-like b proteins, LMW-GSs, and partial globulins showed stronger interactions within the dough matrix of Ventura-26 at 32min/C3 (80°C), thereafter, however, stronger protein interactions were observed within the dough matrix of Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C). 28450003 2 33 theme electrophoresis 395:409 arg1 analysis 419:426 two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis 375:426 two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis 375:426 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis revealed that, stress associated and metabolic proteins largely interacted with dough matrix of Ventura-26 after 26min (56°C); gliadins, avenin-like b proteins, LMW-GSs, and partial globulins showed stronger interactions within the dough matrix of Ventura-26 at 32min/C3 (80°C), thereafter, however, stronger protein interactions were observed within the dough matrix of Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C). 28450003 2 34 theme metabolic 465:473 arg1 proteins 475:482 metabolic proteins 465:482 metabolic proteins 465:482 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis revealed that, stress associated and metabolic proteins largely interacted with dough matrix of Ventura-26 after 26min (56°C); gliadins, avenin-like b proteins, LMW-GSs, and partial globulins showed stronger interactions within the dough matrix of Ventura-26 at 32min/C3 (80°C), thereafter, however, stronger protein interactions were observed within the dough matrix of Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C). 28450003 3 35 from changes 885:891 arg1 matrix 902:907 dough matrix 896:907 dough matrix due to reduced amylose content 896:938 Thirty-seven proteins associated with changes in dough matrix due to reduced amylose content were identified by mass spectrometry and mainly annotated to the chromosome group 1, 4, and 6. 28450003 2 36 theme avenin-like 565:575 arg1 proteins 579:586 avenin-like b proteins 565:586 avenin-like b proteins 565:586 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis revealed that, stress associated and metabolic proteins largely interacted with dough matrix of Ventura-26 after 26min (56°C); gliadins, avenin-like b proteins, LMW-GSs, and partial globulins showed stronger interactions within the dough matrix of Ventura-26 at 32min/C3 (80°C), thereafter, however, stronger protein interactions were observed within the dough matrix of Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C). 28450003 2 37 theme Ventura-26 524:533 arg1 matrix 514:519 dough matrix 508:519 dough matrix of Ventura-26 after 26min (56°C) 508:552 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis revealed that, stress associated and metabolic proteins largely interacted with dough matrix of Ventura-26 after 26min (56°C); gliadins, avenin-like b proteins, LMW-GSs, and partial globulins showed stronger interactions within the dough matrix of Ventura-26 at 32min/C3 (80°C), thereafter, however, stronger protein interactions were observed within the dough matrix of Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C). 28450003 1 38 from cultivars 218:226 arg1 flour 203:207 flour 203:207 flour from two cultivars, Ventura-26 (normal amylose content) and Ventura-19 (reduced amylose content) 203:304 Wheat grain proteins responses to mixing and thermal treatment were investigated using Mixolab-dough analysis systems with flour from two cultivars, Ventura-26 (normal amylose content) and Ventura-19 (reduced amylose content). 28450003 2 39 theme liquid 339:344 arg1 SE-HPLC 362:368 SE-HPLC 362:368 SE-HPLC 362:368 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis revealed that, stress associated and metabolic proteins largely interacted with dough matrix of Ventura-26 after 26min (56°C); gliadins, avenin-like b proteins, LMW-GSs, and partial globulins showed stronger interactions within the dough matrix of Ventura-26 at 32min/C3 (80°C), thereafter, however, stronger protein interactions were observed within the dough matrix of Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C). 28450003 2 39 theme liquid 339:344 arg1 chromatography 346:359 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography 307:359 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) 307:369 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis revealed that, stress associated and metabolic proteins largely interacted with dough matrix of Ventura-26 after 26min (56°C); gliadins, avenin-like b proteins, LMW-GSs, and partial globulins showed stronger interactions within the dough matrix of Ventura-26 at 32min/C3 (80°C), thereafter, however, stronger protein interactions were observed within the dough matrix of Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C). 28450003 0 40 theme wheat 47:51 arg1 flour 53:57 wheat flour 47:57 wheat flour with altered starch 47:77 Protein interactions during flour mixing using wheat flour with altered starch. 28450003 3 41 theme reduced 916:922 arg1 content 932:938 reduced amylose content 916:938 reduced amylose content 916:938 Thirty-seven proteins associated with changes in dough matrix due to reduced amylose content were identified by mass spectrometry and mainly annotated to the chromosome group 1, 4, and 6. 28450003 2 42 from 43min 833:837 arg1 Ventura-19 799:808 Ventura-19 799:808 Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C) 799:844 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis revealed that, stress associated and metabolic proteins largely interacted with dough matrix of Ventura-26 after 26min (56°C); gliadins, avenin-like b proteins, LMW-GSs, and partial globulins showed stronger interactions within the dough matrix of Ventura-26 at 32min/C3 (80°C), thereafter, however, stronger protein interactions were observed within the dough matrix of Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C). 28450003 2 42 from 43min 833:837 arg1 matrix 789:794 the dough matrix 779:794 the dough matrix of Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C) 779:844 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis revealed that, stress associated and metabolic proteins largely interacted with dough matrix of Ventura-26 after 26min (56°C); gliadins, avenin-like b proteins, LMW-GSs, and partial globulins showed stronger interactions within the dough matrix of Ventura-26 at 32min/C3 (80°C), thereafter, however, stronger protein interactions were observed within the dough matrix of Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C). 28450003 1 43 theme mixing 114:119 arg1 treatment 133:141 mixing and thermal treatment 114:141 mixing and thermal treatment 114:141 Wheat grain proteins responses to mixing and thermal treatment were investigated using Mixolab-dough analysis systems with flour from two cultivars, Ventura-26 (normal amylose content) and Ventura-19 (reduced amylose content). 28450003 2 44 theme Ventura-26 676:685 arg1 matrix 666:671 the dough matrix 656:671 the dough matrix of Ventura-26 at 32min/C3 (80°C) 656:704 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis revealed that, stress associated and metabolic proteins largely interacted with dough matrix of Ventura-26 after 26min (56°C); gliadins, avenin-like b proteins, LMW-GSs, and partial globulins showed stronger interactions within the dough matrix of Ventura-26 at 32min/C3 (80°C), thereafter, however, stronger protein interactions were observed within the dough matrix of Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C). 28450003 2 45 theme high 322:325 arg1 SE-HPLC 362:368 SE-HPLC 362:368 SE-HPLC 362:368 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis revealed that, stress associated and metabolic proteins largely interacted with dough matrix of Ventura-26 after 26min (56°C); gliadins, avenin-like b proteins, LMW-GSs, and partial globulins showed stronger interactions within the dough matrix of Ventura-26 at 32min/C3 (80°C), thereafter, however, stronger protein interactions were observed within the dough matrix of Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C). 28450003 2 45 theme high 322:325 arg1 chromatography 346:359 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography 307:359 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) 307:369 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis revealed that, stress associated and metabolic proteins largely interacted with dough matrix of Ventura-26 after 26min (56°C); gliadins, avenin-like b proteins, LMW-GSs, and partial globulins showed stronger interactions within the dough matrix of Ventura-26 at 32min/C3 (80°C), thereafter, however, stronger protein interactions were observed within the dough matrix of Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C). 28450003 2 46 theme dough 783:787 arg1 matrix 789:794 the dough matrix 779:794 the dough matrix of Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C) 779:844 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis revealed that, stress associated and metabolic proteins largely interacted with dough matrix of Ventura-26 after 26min (56°C); gliadins, avenin-like b proteins, LMW-GSs, and partial globulins showed stronger interactions within the dough matrix of Ventura-26 at 32min/C3 (80°C), thereafter, however, stronger protein interactions were observed within the dough matrix of Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C). 28450003 0 47 with flour 53:57 arg1 starch 72:77 altered starch 64:77 altered starch 64:77 Protein interactions during flour mixing using wheat flour with altered starch. 28450003 1 48 theme thermal 125:131 arg1 treatment 133:141 mixing and thermal treatment 114:141 mixing and thermal treatment 114:141 Wheat grain proteins responses to mixing and thermal treatment were investigated using Mixolab-dough analysis systems with flour from two cultivars, Ventura-26 (normal amylose content) and Ventura-19 (reduced amylose content). 28450003 2 49 theme dough 508:512 arg1 matrix 514:519 dough matrix 508:519 dough matrix of Ventura-26 after 26min (56°C) 508:552 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis revealed that, stress associated and metabolic proteins largely interacted with dough matrix of Ventura-26 after 26min (56°C); gliadins, avenin-like b proteins, LMW-GSs, and partial globulins showed stronger interactions within the dough matrix of Ventura-26 at 32min/C3 (80°C), thereafter, however, stronger protein interactions were observed within the dough matrix of Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C). 28450003 2 50 theme performance 327:337 arg1 SE-HPLC 362:368 SE-HPLC 362:368 SE-HPLC 362:368 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis revealed that, stress associated and metabolic proteins largely interacted with dough matrix of Ventura-26 after 26min (56°C); gliadins, avenin-like b proteins, LMW-GSs, and partial globulins showed stronger interactions within the dough matrix of Ventura-26 at 32min/C3 (80°C), thereafter, however, stronger protein interactions were observed within the dough matrix of Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C). 28450003 2 50 theme performance 327:337 arg1 chromatography 346:359 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography 307:359 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) 307:369 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis revealed that, stress associated and metabolic proteins largely interacted with dough matrix of Ventura-26 after 26min (56°C); gliadins, avenin-like b proteins, LMW-GSs, and partial globulins showed stronger interactions within the dough matrix of Ventura-26 at 32min/C3 (80°C), thereafter, however, stronger protein interactions were observed within the dough matrix of Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C). 28450003 0 51 dep interactions 8:19 arg1 mixing 34:39 flour mixing 28:39 flour mixing using wheat flour with altered starch 28:77 Protein interactions during flour mixing using wheat flour with altered starch. 28450003 4 52 theme final 1087:1091 arg1 attributes 1101:1110 final product attributes 1087:1110 final product attributes 1087:1110 The findings provide new entry points for modifying final product attributes. 28450003 2 53 theme gel 391:393 arg1 analysis 419:426 two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis 375:426 two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis 375:426 Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis revealed that, stress associated and metabolic proteins largely interacted with dough matrix of Ventura-26 after 26min (56°C); gliadins, avenin-like b proteins, LMW-GSs, and partial globulins showed stronger interactions within the dough matrix of Ventura-26 at 32min/C3 (80°C), thereafter, however, stronger protein interactions were observed within the dough matrix of Ventura-19 at 38min/C4 (85°C) and 43min (80°C). 28450003 3 54 theme amylose 924:930 arg1 content 932:938 reduced amylose content 916:938 reduced amylose content 916:938 Thirty-seven proteins associated with changes in dough matrix due to reduced amylose content were identified by mass spectrometry and mainly annotated to the chromosome group 1, 4, and 6. 28450003 1 55 theme normal 241:246 arg1 content 256:262 normal amylose content 241:262 normal amylose content 241:262 Wheat grain proteins responses to mixing and thermal treatment were investigated using Mixolab-dough analysis systems with flour from two cultivars, Ventura-26 (normal amylose content) and Ventura-19 (reduced amylose content). 28450003 1 55 theme normal 241:246 arg1 Ventura-26 229:238 Ventura-26 229:238 Ventura-26 (normal amylose content) 229:263 Wheat grain proteins responses to mixing and thermal treatment were investigated using Mixolab-dough analysis systems with flour from two cultivars, Ventura-26 (normal amylose content) and Ventura-19 (reduced amylose content). 24288386 6 0 theme native 852:857 arg1 PCCs 873:876 the native and activated PCCs 848:876 the native and activated PCCs 848:876 Measurement of compositional parameters including protein and FIX, mass spectrometric analysis of the native and activated PCCs, Western blotting studies on the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin, and their effect on blood and plasma coagulation parameters were carried out. 24288386 1 1 theme complications 165:177 arg1 management 142:151 the management 138:151 the management of bleeding complications with conventional oral anticoagulant drugs 138:220 Prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) are used in the management of bleeding complications with conventional oral anticoagulant drugs. 24288386 0 2 from differences 14:24 arg1 complex 64:70 commercially available prothrombin complex 29:70 commercially available prothrombin complex 29:70 Compositional differences in commercially available prothrombin complex concentrates. 24288386 6 3 from effect 995:1000 arg1 parameters 1034:1043 plasma coagulation parameters 1015:1043 plasma coagulation parameters 1015:1043 Measurement of compositional parameters including protein and FIX, mass spectrometric analysis of the native and activated PCCs, Western blotting studies on the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin, and their effect on blood and plasma coagulation parameters were carried out. 24288386 6 3 from effect 995:1000 arg1 PCCs 932:935 the native and activated PCCs 907:935 the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin 907:982 Measurement of compositional parameters including protein and FIX, mass spectrometric analysis of the native and activated PCCs, Western blotting studies on the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin, and their effect on blood and plasma coagulation parameters were carried out. 24288386 6 3 from effect 995:1000 arg1 blood 1005:1009 blood 1005:1009 blood 1005:1009 Measurement of compositional parameters including protein and FIX, mass spectrometric analysis of the native and activated PCCs, Western blotting studies on the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin, and their effect on blood and plasma coagulation parameters were carried out. 24288386 2 4 theme developed 361:369 arg1 inhibitors 387:396 the newly developed Xa and thrombin inhibitors 351:396 the newly developed Xa and thrombin inhibitors 351:396 Since the activation of these complexes results in the generation of factor Xa and IIa, these agents may potentially neutralize the newly developed Xa and thrombin inhibitors. 24288386 6 5 theme activated 922:930 arg1 PCCs 932:935 the native and activated PCCs 907:935 the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin 907:982 Measurement of compositional parameters including protein and FIX, mass spectrometric analysis of the native and activated PCCs, Western blotting studies on the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin, and their effect on blood and plasma coagulation parameters were carried out. 24288386 6 6 theme plasma 1015:1020 arg1 parameters 1034:1043 plasma coagulation parameters 1015:1043 plasma coagulation parameters 1015:1043 Measurement of compositional parameters including protein and FIX, mass spectrometric analysis of the native and activated PCCs, Western blotting studies on the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin, and their effect on blood and plasma coagulation parameters were carried out. 24288386 1 7 theme Prothrombin 86:96 arg1 PCCs 120:123 PCCs 120:123 PCCs 120:123 Prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) are used in the management of bleeding complications with conventional oral anticoagulant drugs. 24288386 1 7 theme Prothrombin 86:96 arg1 concentrates 106:117 Prothrombin complex concentrates 86:117 Prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) 86:124 Prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) are used in the management of bleeding complications with conventional oral anticoagulant drugs. 24288386 2 8 theme Xa 371:372 arg1 inhibitors 387:396 the newly developed Xa and thrombin inhibitors 351:396 the newly developed Xa and thrombin inhibitors 351:396 Since the activation of these complexes results in the generation of factor Xa and IIa, these agents may potentially neutralize the newly developed Xa and thrombin inhibitors. 24288386 6 9 theme native 911:916 arg1 PCCs 932:935 the native and activated PCCs 907:935 the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin 907:982 Measurement of compositional parameters including protein and FIX, mass spectrometric analysis of the native and activated PCCs, Western blotting studies on the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin, and their effect on blood and plasma coagulation parameters were carried out. 24288386 6 10 from analysis 836:843 arg1 PCCs 932:935 the native and activated PCCs 907:935 the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin 907:982 Measurement of compositional parameters including protein and FIX, mass spectrometric analysis of the native and activated PCCs, Western blotting studies on the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin, and their effect on blood and plasma coagulation parameters were carried out. 24288386 6 10 from analysis 836:843 arg1 parameters 1034:1043 plasma coagulation parameters 1015:1043 plasma coagulation parameters 1015:1043 Measurement of compositional parameters including protein and FIX, mass spectrometric analysis of the native and activated PCCs, Western blotting studies on the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin, and their effect on blood and plasma coagulation parameters were carried out. 24288386 6 10 from analysis 836:843 arg1 blood 1005:1009 blood 1005:1009 blood 1005:1009 Measurement of compositional parameters including protein and FIX, mass spectrometric analysis of the native and activated PCCs, Western blotting studies on the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin, and their effect on blood and plasma coagulation parameters were carried out. 24288386 6 11 theme spectrometric 822:834 arg1 analysis 836:843 mass spectrometric analysis 817:843 mass spectrometric analysis of the native and activated PCCs 817:876 Measurement of compositional parameters including protein and FIX, mass spectrometric analysis of the native and activated PCCs, Western blotting studies on the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin, and their effect on blood and plasma coagulation parameters were carried out. 24288386 6 12 from Measurement 750:760 arg1 PCCs 932:935 the native and activated PCCs 907:935 the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin 907:982 Measurement of compositional parameters including protein and FIX, mass spectrometric analysis of the native and activated PCCs, Western blotting studies on the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin, and their effect on blood and plasma coagulation parameters were carried out. 24288386 6 12 from Measurement 750:760 arg1 parameters 1034:1043 plasma coagulation parameters 1015:1043 plasma coagulation parameters 1015:1043 Measurement of compositional parameters including protein and FIX, mass spectrometric analysis of the native and activated PCCs, Western blotting studies on the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin, and their effect on blood and plasma coagulation parameters were carried out. 24288386 6 12 from Measurement 750:760 arg1 blood 1005:1009 blood 1005:1009 blood 1005:1009 Measurement of compositional parameters including protein and FIX, mass spectrometric analysis of the native and activated PCCs, Western blotting studies on the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin, and their effect on blood and plasma coagulation parameters were carried out. 24288386 1 13 theme complex 98:104 arg1 PCCs 120:123 PCCs 120:123 PCCs 120:123 Prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) are used in the management of bleeding complications with conventional oral anticoagulant drugs. 24288386 1 13 theme complex 98:104 arg1 concentrates 106:117 Prothrombin complex concentrates 86:117 Prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) 86:124 Prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) are used in the management of bleeding complications with conventional oral anticoagulant drugs. 24288386 1 14 theme conventional 184:195 arg1 drugs 216:220 conventional oral anticoagulant drugs 184:220 conventional oral anticoagulant drugs 184:220 Prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) are used in the management of bleeding complications with conventional oral anticoagulant drugs. 24288386 5 15 theme compositional 663:675 arg1 differences 677:687 the compositional differences 659:687 the compositional differences in the currently available PCCs along with the older agents 659:747 The purpose of this study is to compare the compositional differences in the currently available PCCs along with the older agents. 24288386 6 16 theme mass 817:820 arg1 analysis 836:843 mass spectrometric analysis 817:843 mass spectrometric analysis of the native and activated PCCs 817:876 Measurement of compositional parameters including protein and FIX, mass spectrometric analysis of the native and activated PCCs, Western blotting studies on the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin, and their effect on blood and plasma coagulation parameters were carried out. 24288386 1 17 with management 142:151 arg1 drugs 216:220 conventional oral anticoagulant drugs 184:220 conventional oral anticoagulant drugs 184:220 Prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) are used in the management of bleeding complications with conventional oral anticoagulant drugs. 24288386 2 18 theme factor 292:297 arg1 generation 278:287 the generation 274:287 the generation of factor Xa and IIa 274:308 Since the activation of these complexes results in the generation of factor Xa and IIa, these agents may potentially neutralize the newly developed Xa and thrombin inhibitors. 24288386 1 19 theme oral 197:200 arg1 drugs 216:220 conventional oral anticoagulant drugs 184:220 conventional oral anticoagulant drugs 184:220 Prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) are used in the management of bleeding complications with conventional oral anticoagulant drugs. 24288386 3 20 theme other 501:505 arg1 factor 525:530 factor II 525:533 factor II 525:533 Although the potency of these agents is defined in units that represent the level of factor IX (FIX), other factors including factor II, VII, and X are also present. 24288386 3 20 theme other 501:505 arg1 VII 536:538 VII 536:538 VII 536:538 Although the potency of these agents is defined in units that represent the level of factor IX (FIX), other factors including factor II, VII, and X are also present. 24288386 3 20 theme other 501:505 arg1 factors 507:513 other factors 501:513 other factors including factor II, VII, and X 501:545 Although the potency of these agents is defined in units that represent the level of factor IX (FIX), other factors including factor II, VII, and X are also present. 24288386 3 20 theme other 501:505 arg1 X 545:545 X 545:545 X 545:545 Although the potency of these agents is defined in units that represent the level of factor IX (FIX), other factors including factor II, VII, and X are also present. 24288386 1 21 theme anticoagulant 202:214 arg1 drugs 216:220 conventional oral anticoagulant drugs 184:220 conventional oral anticoagulant drugs 184:220 Prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) are used in the management of bleeding complications with conventional oral anticoagulant drugs. 24288386 0 22 theme Compositional 0:12 arg1 differences 14:24 Compositional differences 0:24 Compositional differences in commercially available prothrombin complex 0:70 Compositional differences in commercially available prothrombin complex concentrates. 24288386 5 23 theme older 736:740 arg1 agents 742:747 the older agents 732:747 the older agents 732:747 The purpose of this study is to compare the compositional differences in the currently available PCCs along with the older agents. 24288386 6 24 dep blotting 887:894 arg1 studies 896:902 studies 896:902 Western blotting studies on the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin 879:982 Measurement of compositional parameters including protein and FIX, mass spectrometric analysis of the native and activated PCCs, Western blotting studies on the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin, and their effect on blood and plasma coagulation parameters were carried out. 24288386 6 25 from blotting 887:894 arg1 PCCs 932:935 the native and activated PCCs 907:935 the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin 907:982 Measurement of compositional parameters including protein and FIX, mass spectrometric analysis of the native and activated PCCs, Western blotting studies on the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin, and their effect on blood and plasma coagulation parameters were carried out. 24288386 6 25 from blotting 887:894 arg1 parameters 1034:1043 plasma coagulation parameters 1015:1043 plasma coagulation parameters 1015:1043 Measurement of compositional parameters including protein and FIX, mass spectrometric analysis of the native and activated PCCs, Western blotting studies on the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin, and their effect on blood and plasma coagulation parameters were carried out. 24288386 6 25 from blotting 887:894 arg1 blood 1005:1009 blood 1005:1009 blood 1005:1009 Measurement of compositional parameters including protein and FIX, mass spectrometric analysis of the native and activated PCCs, Western blotting studies on the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin, and their effect on blood and plasma coagulation parameters were carried out. 24288386 1 26 used used 130:133 arg2 PCCs 120:123 PCCs 120:123 PCCs 120:123 Prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) are used in the management of bleeding complications with conventional oral anticoagulant drugs. 24288386 1 26 used used 130:133 arg2 concentrates 106:117 Prothrombin complex concentrates 86:117 Prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) 86:124 Prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) are used in the management of bleeding complications with conventional oral anticoagulant drugs. 24288386 4 27 theme protein 576:582 arg1 S 584:584 protein S 576:584 protein S 576:584 Protein C, protein S, and protein Z are also present. 24288386 0 28 theme prothrombin 52:62 arg1 complex 64:70 commercially available prothrombin complex 29:70 commercially available prothrombin complex 29:70 Compositional differences in commercially available prothrombin complex concentrates. 24288386 5 29 theme study 639:643 arg1 purpose 623:629 The purpose 619:629 The purpose of this study 619:643 The purpose of this study is to compare the compositional differences in the currently available PCCs along with the older agents. 24288386 0 30 theme available 42:50 arg1 complex 64:70 commercially available prothrombin complex 29:70 commercially available prothrombin complex 29:70 Compositional differences in commercially available prothrombin complex concentrates. 24288386 6 31 theme Western 879:885 arg1 blotting 887:894 Western blotting 879:894 Western blotting studies on the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin 879:982 Measurement of compositional parameters including protein and FIX, mass spectrometric analysis of the native and activated PCCs, Western blotting studies on the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin, and their effect on blood and plasma coagulation parameters were carried out. 24288386 3 32 theme agents 429:434 arg1 potency 412:418 the potency 408:418 the potency of these agents 408:434 Although the potency of these agents is defined in units that represent the level of factor IX (FIX), other factors including factor II, VII, and X are also present. 24288386 2 33 theme complexes 253:261 arg1 activation 233:242 the activation 229:242 the activation of these complexes 229:261 Since the activation of these complexes results in the generation of factor Xa and IIa, these agents may potentially neutralize the newly developed Xa and thrombin inhibitors. 24288386 3 34 theme IX 491:492 arg1 level 475:479 the level 471:479 the level of factor IX (FIX) 471:498 Although the potency of these agents is defined in units that represent the level of factor IX (FIX), other factors including factor II, VII, and X are also present. 24288386 6 35 theme PCCs 873:876 arg1 effect 995:1000 their effect 989:1000 their effect on blood and plasma coagulation parameters 989:1043 Measurement of compositional parameters including protein and FIX, mass spectrometric analysis of the native and activated PCCs, Western blotting studies on the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin, and their effect on blood and plasma coagulation parameters were carried out. 24288386 6 35 theme PCCs 873:876 arg1 Measurement 750:760 Measurement 750:760 Measurement of compositional parameters including protein and FIX 750:814 Measurement of compositional parameters including protein and FIX, mass spectrometric analysis of the native and activated PCCs, Western blotting studies on the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin, and their effect on blood and plasma coagulation parameters were carried out. 24288386 6 35 theme PCCs 873:876 arg1 analysis 836:843 mass spectrometric analysis 817:843 mass spectrometric analysis of the native and activated PCCs 817:876 Measurement of compositional parameters including protein and FIX, mass spectrometric analysis of the native and activated PCCs, Western blotting studies on the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin, and their effect on blood and plasma coagulation parameters were carried out. 24288386 6 35 theme PCCs 873:876 arg1 blotting 887:894 Western blotting 879:894 Western blotting studies on the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin 879:982 Measurement of compositional parameters including protein and FIX, mass spectrometric analysis of the native and activated PCCs, Western blotting studies on the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin, and their effect on blood and plasma coagulation parameters were carried out. 24288386 6 36 theme parameters 779:788 arg1 effect 995:1000 their effect 989:1000 their effect on blood and plasma coagulation parameters 989:1043 Measurement of compositional parameters including protein and FIX, mass spectrometric analysis of the native and activated PCCs, Western blotting studies on the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin, and their effect on blood and plasma coagulation parameters were carried out. 24288386 6 36 theme parameters 779:788 arg1 Measurement 750:760 Measurement 750:760 Measurement of compositional parameters including protein and FIX 750:814 Measurement of compositional parameters including protein and FIX, mass spectrometric analysis of the native and activated PCCs, Western blotting studies on the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin, and their effect on blood and plasma coagulation parameters were carried out. 24288386 6 36 theme parameters 779:788 arg1 analysis 836:843 mass spectrometric analysis 817:843 mass spectrometric analysis of the native and activated PCCs 817:876 Measurement of compositional parameters including protein and FIX, mass spectrometric analysis of the native and activated PCCs, Western blotting studies on the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin, and their effect on blood and plasma coagulation parameters were carried out. 24288386 6 36 theme parameters 779:788 arg1 blotting 887:894 Western blotting 879:894 Western blotting studies on the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin 879:982 Measurement of compositional parameters including protein and FIX, mass spectrometric analysis of the native and activated PCCs, Western blotting studies on the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin, and their effect on blood and plasma coagulation parameters were carried out. 24288386 1 37 theme bleeding 156:163 arg1 complications 165:177 bleeding complications 156:177 bleeding complications 156:177 Prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) are used in the management of bleeding complications with conventional oral anticoagulant drugs. 24288386 6 38 theme activated 863:871 arg1 PCCs 873:876 the native and activated PCCs 848:876 the native and activated PCCs 848:876 Measurement of compositional parameters including protein and FIX, mass spectrometric analysis of the native and activated PCCs, Western blotting studies on the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin, and their effect on blood and plasma coagulation parameters were carried out. 24288386 6 39 theme compositional 765:777 arg1 protein 800:806 protein 800:806 protein 800:806 Measurement of compositional parameters including protein and FIX, mass spectrometric analysis of the native and activated PCCs, Western blotting studies on the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin, and their effect on blood and plasma coagulation parameters were carried out. 24288386 6 39 theme compositional 765:777 arg1 parameters 779:788 compositional parameters 765:788 compositional parameters including protein and FIX 765:814 Measurement of compositional parameters including protein and FIX, mass spectrometric analysis of the native and activated PCCs, Western blotting studies on the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin, and their effect on blood and plasma coagulation parameters were carried out. 24288386 6 39 theme compositional 765:777 arg1 FIX 812:814 FIX 812:814 FIX 812:814 Measurement of compositional parameters including protein and FIX, mass spectrometric analysis of the native and activated PCCs, Western blotting studies on the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin, and their effect on blood and plasma coagulation parameters were carried out. 24288386 4 40 theme Protein 565:571 arg1 C 573:573 Protein C 565:573 Protein C 565:573 Protein C, protein S, and protein Z are also present. 24288386 5 41 theme available 706:714 arg1 PCCs 716:719 the currently available PCCs 692:719 the currently available PCCs along with the older agents 692:747 The purpose of this study is to compare the compositional differences in the currently available PCCs along with the older agents. 24288386 5 42 from differences 677:687 arg1 PCCs 716:719 the currently available PCCs 692:719 the currently available PCCs along with the older agents 692:747 The purpose of this study is to compare the compositional differences in the currently available PCCs along with the older agents. 24288386 3 43 theme factor 484:489 arg1 IX 491:492 factor IX 484:492 factor IX (FIX) 484:498 Although the potency of these agents is defined in units that represent the level of factor IX (FIX), other factors including factor II, VII, and X are also present. 24288386 3 43 theme factor 484:489 arg1 FIX 495:497 FIX 495:497 FIX 495:497 Although the potency of these agents is defined in units that represent the level of factor IX (FIX), other factors including factor II, VII, and X are also present. 24288386 6 44 theme activation 945:954 arg1 products 956:963 the activation products 941:963 the activation products including thrombin 941:982 Measurement of compositional parameters including protein and FIX, mass spectrometric analysis of the native and activated PCCs, Western blotting studies on the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin, and their effect on blood and plasma coagulation parameters were carried out. 24288386 6 45 theme coagulation 1022:1032 arg1 parameters 1034:1043 plasma coagulation parameters 1015:1043 plasma coagulation parameters 1015:1043 Measurement of compositional parameters including protein and FIX, mass spectrometric analysis of the native and activated PCCs, Western blotting studies on the native and activated PCCs for the activation products including thrombin, and their effect on blood and plasma coagulation parameters were carried out. 24288386 2 46 theme thrombin 378:385 arg1 inhibitors 387:396 the newly developed Xa and thrombin inhibitors 351:396 the newly developed Xa and thrombin inhibitors 351:396 Since the activation of these complexes results in the generation of factor Xa and IIa, these agents may potentially neutralize the newly developed Xa and thrombin inhibitors. 24288386 4 47 theme protein 591:597 arg1 Z 599:599 protein Z 591:599 protein Z 591:599 Protein C, protein S, and protein Z are also present. 24288386 2 48 dep factor 292:297 arg1 IIa 306:308 IIa 306:308 IIa 306:308 Since the activation of these complexes results in the generation of factor Xa and IIa, these agents may potentially neutralize the newly developed Xa and thrombin inhibitors. 24288386 2 48 dep factor 292:297 arg1 Xa 299:300 Xa 299:300 Xa 299:300 Since the activation of these complexes results in the generation of factor Xa and IIa, these agents may potentially neutralize the newly developed Xa and thrombin inhibitors. 24036163 0 0 theme nozzle 103:108 arg1 technique 123:131 three-fluid nozzle spray drying technique 91:131 three-fluid nozzle spray drying technique 91:131 Preparation of sustained-release coated particles by novel microencapsulation method using three-fluid nozzle spray drying technique. 24036163 8 1 theme 3N 1477:1478 arg1 useful 1506:1511 useful 1506:1511 useful 1506:1511 This study demonstrated that the 3N spray drying technique is useful as a novel microencapsulation method. 24036163 8 1 theme 3N 1477:1478 arg1 technique 1493:1501 the 3N spray drying technique 1473:1501 the 3N spray drying technique 1473:1501 This study demonstrated that the 3N spray drying technique is useful as a novel microencapsulation method. 24036163 1 2 theme three-fluid 186:196 arg1 technique 223:231 a three-fluid nozzle (3N) spray drying technique 184:231 a three-fluid nozzle (3N) spray drying technique 184:231 We prepared sustained-release microcapsules using a three-fluid nozzle (3N) spray drying technique. 24036163 0 3 theme three-fluid 91:101 arg1 technique 123:131 three-fluid nozzle spray drying technique 91:131 three-fluid nozzle spray drying technique 91:131 Preparation of sustained-release coated particles by novel microencapsulation method using three-fluid nozzle spray drying technique. 24036163 1 4 theme nozzle 198:203 arg1 technique 223:231 a three-fluid nozzle (3N) spray drying technique 184:231 a three-fluid nozzle (3N) spray drying technique 184:231 We prepared sustained-release microcapsules using a three-fluid nozzle (3N) spray drying technique. 24036163 8 5 theme drying 1486:1491 arg1 useful 1506:1511 useful 1506:1511 useful 1506:1511 This study demonstrated that the 3N spray drying technique is useful as a novel microencapsulation method. 24036163 8 5 theme drying 1486:1491 arg1 technique 1493:1501 the 3N spray drying technique 1473:1501 the 3N spray drying technique 1473:1501 This study demonstrated that the 3N spray drying technique is useful as a novel microencapsulation method. 24036163 0 6 theme drying 116:121 arg1 technique 123:131 three-fluid nozzle spray drying technique 91:131 three-fluid nozzle spray drying technique 91:131 Preparation of sustained-release coated particles by novel microencapsulation method using three-fluid nozzle spray drying technique. 24036163 5 7 theme suspension 981:990 arg1 solution 996:1003 solution 996:1003 solution 996:1003 To investigate the microencapsulation process via this approach and its usability, methods through which the suspension and solution were sprayed separately via two of the four-fluid nozzle (4N) (4N-PostMix) and a mixture of the suspension and solution was sprayed via 3N (3N-PreMix) were used as references. 24036163 5 7 theme suspension 981:990 arg1 mixture 966:972 a mixture 964:972 a mixture of the suspension 964:990 To investigate the microencapsulation process via this approach and its usability, methods through which the suspension and solution were sprayed separately via two of the four-fluid nozzle (4N) (4N-PostMix) and a mixture of the suspension and solution was sprayed via 3N (3N-PreMix) were used as references. 24036163 0 8 theme spray 110:114 arg1 technique 123:131 three-fluid nozzle spray drying technique 91:131 three-fluid nozzle spray drying technique 91:131 Preparation of sustained-release coated particles by novel microencapsulation method using three-fluid nozzle spray drying technique. 24036163 7 9 theme 3N-PostMix 1202:1211 arg1 particles 1213:1221 3N-PostMix particles 1202:1221 3N-PostMix particles 1202:1221 The results for contact angle and drug release corresponded, thus suggesting that 3N-PostMix particles are more effectively coated by ethylcellulose, and can achieve higher-level controlled release than 4N-PostMix particles, while 3N-PreMix particles are not encapsulated with pure ethylcellulose, leading to rapid release. 24036163 2 10 theme inner 302:306 arg1 nozzles 325:331 inner and outer liquid nozzles 302:331 inner and outer liquid nozzles 302:331 The 3N has a unique, three-layered concentric structure composed of inner and outer liquid nozzles, and an outermost gas nozzle. 24036163 4 11 theme corrugated 580:589 arg1 surface 591:597 a corrugated surface 578:597 a corrugated surface 578:597 3N-PostMix particles exhibited a corrugated surface and similar contact angles as ethylcellulose bulk, thus suggesting encapsulation with ethylcellulose, resulting in the achievement of sustained release. 24036163 5 12 theme four-fluid 924:933 arg1 4N-PostMix 948:957 4N-PostMix 948:957 4N-PostMix 948:957 To investigate the microencapsulation process via this approach and its usability, methods through which the suspension and solution were sprayed separately via two of the four-fluid nozzle (4N) (4N-PostMix) and a mixture of the suspension and solution was sprayed via 3N (3N-PreMix) were used as references. 24036163 5 12 theme four-fluid 924:933 arg1 nozzle 935:940 the four-fluid nozzle 920:940 the four-fluid nozzle (4N) (4N-PostMix) 920:958 To investigate the microencapsulation process via this approach and its usability, methods through which the suspension and solution were sprayed separately via two of the four-fluid nozzle (4N) (4N-PostMix) and a mixture of the suspension and solution was sprayed via 3N (3N-PreMix) were used as references. 24036163 5 12 theme four-fluid 924:933 arg1 4N 943:944 4N 943:944 4N 943:944 To investigate the microencapsulation process via this approach and its usability, methods through which the suspension and solution were sprayed separately via two of the four-fluid nozzle (4N) (4N-PostMix) and a mixture of the suspension and solution was sprayed via 3N (3N-PreMix) were used as references. 24036163 3 13 theme nozzle 522:527 arg1 3N-PostMix 534:543 3N-PostMix 534:543 3N-PostMix 534:543 Composite particles were prepared by spraying a drug suspension and an ethylcellulose solution via the inner and outer nozzles, respectively, and mixed at the nozzle tip (3N-PostMix). 24036163 3 13 theme nozzle 522:527 arg1 tip 529:531 the nozzle tip 518:531 the nozzle tip (3N-PostMix) 518:544 Composite particles were prepared by spraying a drug suspension and an ethylcellulose solution via the inner and outer nozzles, respectively, and mixed at the nozzle tip (3N-PostMix). 24036163 7 14 theme controlled 1299:1308 arg1 release 1310:1316 higher-level controlled release 1286:1316 higher-level controlled release than 4N-PostMix particles 1286:1342 The results for contact angle and drug release corresponded, thus suggesting that 3N-PostMix particles are more effectively coated by ethylcellulose, and can achieve higher-level controlled release than 4N-PostMix particles, while 3N-PreMix particles are not encapsulated with pure ethylcellulose, leading to rapid release. 24036163 3 15 theme drug 411:414 arg1 suspension 416:425 a drug suspension 409:425 a drug suspension 409:425 Composite particles were prepared by spraying a drug suspension and an ethylcellulose solution via the inner and outer nozzles, respectively, and mixed at the nozzle tip (3N-PostMix). 24036163 7 16 theme rapid 1429:1433 arg1 release 1435:1441 rapid release 1429:1441 rapid release 1429:1441 The results for contact angle and drug release corresponded, thus suggesting that 3N-PostMix particles are more effectively coated by ethylcellulose, and can achieve higher-level controlled release than 4N-PostMix particles, while 3N-PreMix particles are not encapsulated with pure ethylcellulose, leading to rapid release. 24036163 1 17 theme 3N 206:207 arg1 technique 223:231 a three-fluid nozzle (3N) spray drying technique 184:231 a three-fluid nozzle (3N) spray drying technique 184:231 We prepared sustained-release microcapsules using a three-fluid nozzle (3N) spray drying technique. 24036163 7 18 theme contact 1136:1142 arg1 angle 1144:1148 contact angle 1136:1148 contact angle 1136:1148 The results for contact angle and drug release corresponded, thus suggesting that 3N-PostMix particles are more effectively coated by ethylcellulose, and can achieve higher-level controlled release than 4N-PostMix particles, while 3N-PreMix particles are not encapsulated with pure ethylcellulose, leading to rapid release. 24036163 8 19 theme microencapsulation 1524:1541 arg1 method 1543:1548 a novel microencapsulation method 1516:1548 a novel microencapsulation method 1516:1548 This study demonstrated that the 3N spray drying technique is useful as a novel microencapsulation method. 24036163 4 20 theme release 743:749 arg1 achievement 718:728 the achievement 714:728 the achievement of sustained release 714:749 3N-PostMix particles exhibited a corrugated surface and similar contact angles as ethylcellulose bulk, thus suggesting encapsulation with ethylcellulose, resulting in the achievement of sustained release. 24036163 1 21 theme spray 210:214 arg1 technique 223:231 a three-fluid nozzle (3N) spray drying technique 184:231 a three-fluid nozzle (3N) spray drying technique 184:231 We prepared sustained-release microcapsules using a three-fluid nozzle (3N) spray drying technique. 24036163 7 22 theme pure 1397:1400 arg1 ethylcellulose 1402:1415 pure ethylcellulose 1397:1415 pure ethylcellulose 1397:1415 The results for contact angle and drug release corresponded, thus suggesting that 3N-PostMix particles are more effectively coated by ethylcellulose, and can achieve higher-level controlled release than 4N-PostMix particles, while 3N-PreMix particles are not encapsulated with pure ethylcellulose, leading to rapid release. 24036163 2 23 theme liquid 318:323 arg1 nozzles 325:331 inner and outer liquid nozzles 302:331 inner and outer liquid nozzles 302:331 The 3N has a unique, three-layered concentric structure composed of inner and outer liquid nozzles, and an outermost gas nozzle. 24036163 1 24 theme drying 216:221 arg1 technique 223:231 a three-fluid nozzle (3N) spray drying technique 184:231 a three-fluid nozzle (3N) spray drying technique 184:231 We prepared sustained-release microcapsules using a three-fluid nozzle (3N) spray drying technique. 24036163 0 25 theme sustained-release 15:31 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation of sustained-release 0:31 Preparation of sustained-release coated particles by novel microencapsulation method using three-fluid nozzle spray drying technique. 24036163 2 26 theme outer 312:316 arg1 nozzles 325:331 inner and outer liquid nozzles 302:331 inner and outer liquid nozzles 302:331 The 3N has a unique, three-layered concentric structure composed of inner and outer liquid nozzles, and an outermost gas nozzle. 24036163 3 27 theme outer 476:480 arg1 nozzles 482:488 the inner and outer nozzles 462:488 the inner and outer nozzles 462:488 Composite particles were prepared by spraying a drug suspension and an ethylcellulose solution via the inner and outer nozzles, respectively, and mixed at the nozzle tip (3N-PostMix). 24036163 7 28 theme drug 1154:1157 arg1 release 1159:1165 drug release 1154:1165 drug release 1154:1165 The results for contact angle and drug release corresponded, thus suggesting that 3N-PostMix particles are more effectively coated by ethylcellulose, and can achieve higher-level controlled release than 4N-PostMix particles, while 3N-PreMix particles are not encapsulated with pure ethylcellulose, leading to rapid release. 24036163 4 29 theme 3N-PostMix 547:556 arg1 particles 558:566 3N-PostMix particles 547:566 3N-PostMix particles 547:566 3N-PostMix particles exhibited a corrugated surface and similar contact angles as ethylcellulose bulk, thus suggesting encapsulation with ethylcellulose, resulting in the achievement of sustained release. 24036163 4 30 with encapsulation 666:678 arg1 ethylcellulose 685:698 ethylcellulose 685:698 ethylcellulose 685:698 3N-PostMix particles exhibited a corrugated surface and similar contact angles as ethylcellulose bulk, thus suggesting encapsulation with ethylcellulose, resulting in the achievement of sustained release. 24036163 2 31 theme unique 247:252 arg1 structure 280:288 a unique, three-layered concentric structure 245:288 a unique, three-layered concentric structure composed of inner and outer liquid nozzles 245:331 The 3N has a unique, three-layered concentric structure composed of inner and outer liquid nozzles, and an outermost gas nozzle. 24036163 3 32 theme ethylcellulose 434:447 arg1 solution 449:456 an ethylcellulose solution 431:456 an ethylcellulose solution 431:456 Composite particles were prepared by spraying a drug suspension and an ethylcellulose solution via the inner and outer nozzles, respectively, and mixed at the nozzle tip (3N-PostMix). 24036163 2 33 dep unique 247:252 arg1 three-layered 255:267 three-layered 255:267 three-layered 255:267 The 3N has a unique, three-layered concentric structure composed of inner and outer liquid nozzles, and an outermost gas nozzle. 24036163 5 34 theme nozzle 935:940 arg1 4N-PostMix 948:957 4N-PostMix 948:957 4N-PostMix 948:957 To investigate the microencapsulation process via this approach and its usability, methods through which the suspension and solution were sprayed separately via two of the four-fluid nozzle (4N) (4N-PostMix) and a mixture of the suspension and solution was sprayed via 3N (3N-PreMix) were used as references. 24036163 5 34 theme nozzle 935:940 arg1 nozzle 935:940 the four-fluid nozzle 920:940 the four-fluid nozzle (4N) (4N-PostMix) 920:958 To investigate the microencapsulation process via this approach and its usability, methods through which the suspension and solution were sprayed separately via two of the four-fluid nozzle (4N) (4N-PostMix) and a mixture of the suspension and solution was sprayed via 3N (3N-PreMix) were used as references. 24036163 5 34 theme nozzle 935:940 arg1 two 913:915 two 913:915 two 913:915 To investigate the microencapsulation process via this approach and its usability, methods through which the suspension and solution were sprayed separately via two of the four-fluid nozzle (4N) (4N-PostMix) and a mixture of the suspension and solution was sprayed via 3N (3N-PreMix) were used as references. 24036163 5 34 theme nozzle 935:940 arg1 4N 943:944 4N 943:944 4N 943:944 To investigate the microencapsulation process via this approach and its usability, methods through which the suspension and solution were sprayed separately via two of the four-fluid nozzle (4N) (4N-PostMix) and a mixture of the suspension and solution was sprayed via 3N (3N-PreMix) were used as references. 24036163 3 35 theme inner 466:470 arg1 nozzles 482:488 the inner and outer nozzles 462:488 the inner and outer nozzles 462:488 Composite particles were prepared by spraying a drug suspension and an ethylcellulose solution via the inner and outer nozzles, respectively, and mixed at the nozzle tip (3N-PostMix). 24036163 0 36 theme microencapsulation 59:76 arg1 method 78:83 novel microencapsulation method 53:83 novel microencapsulation method using three-fluid nozzle spray drying technique 53:131 Preparation of sustained-release coated particles by novel microencapsulation method using three-fluid nozzle spray drying technique. 24036163 3 37 theme Composite 363:371 arg1 particles 373:381 Composite particles 363:381 Composite particles 363:381 Composite particles were prepared by spraying a drug suspension and an ethylcellulose solution via the inner and outer nozzles, respectively, and mixed at the nozzle tip (3N-PostMix). 24036163 8 38 theme novel 1518:1522 arg1 method 1543:1548 a novel microencapsulation method 1516:1548 a novel microencapsulation method 1516:1548 This study demonstrated that the 3N spray drying technique is useful as a novel microencapsulation method. 24036163 2 39 theme gas 351:353 arg1 nozzle 355:360 an outermost gas nozzle 338:360 an outermost gas nozzle 338:360 The 3N has a unique, three-layered concentric structure composed of inner and outer liquid nozzles, and an outermost gas nozzle. 24036163 0 40 theme novel 53:57 arg1 method 78:83 novel microencapsulation method 53:83 novel microencapsulation method using three-fluid nozzle spray drying technique 53:131 Preparation of sustained-release coated particles by novel microencapsulation method using three-fluid nozzle spray drying technique. 24036163 7 41 theme higher-level 1286:1297 arg1 release 1310:1316 higher-level controlled release 1286:1316 higher-level controlled release than 4N-PostMix particles 1286:1342 The results for contact angle and drug release corresponded, thus suggesting that 3N-PostMix particles are more effectively coated by ethylcellulose, and can achieve higher-level controlled release than 4N-PostMix particles, while 3N-PreMix particles are not encapsulated with pure ethylcellulose, leading to rapid release. 24036163 7 42 theme 3N-PreMix 1351:1359 arg1 particles 1361:1369 3N-PreMix particles 1351:1369 3N-PreMix particles 1351:1369 The results for contact angle and drug release corresponded, thus suggesting that 3N-PostMix particles are more effectively coated by ethylcellulose, and can achieve higher-level controlled release than 4N-PostMix particles, while 3N-PreMix particles are not encapsulated with pure ethylcellulose, leading to rapid release. 24036163 2 43 theme outermost 341:349 arg1 nozzle 355:360 an outermost gas nozzle 338:360 an outermost gas nozzle 338:360 The 3N has a unique, three-layered concentric structure composed of inner and outer liquid nozzles, and an outermost gas nozzle. 24036163 4 44 theme sustained 733:741 arg1 release 743:749 sustained release 733:749 sustained release 733:749 3N-PostMix particles exhibited a corrugated surface and similar contact angles as ethylcellulose bulk, thus suggesting encapsulation with ethylcellulose, resulting in the achievement of sustained release. 24036163 5 45 used used 1041:1044 arg2 references 1049:1058 references 1049:1058 references 1049:1058 To investigate the microencapsulation process via this approach and its usability, methods through which the suspension and solution were sprayed separately via two of the four-fluid nozzle (4N) (4N-PostMix) and a mixture of the suspension and solution was sprayed via 3N (3N-PreMix) were used as references. 24036163 5 45 used used 1041:1044 arg2 methods 835:841 methods 835:841 methods through which the suspension and solution were sprayed separately via two of the four-fluid nozzle (4N) (4N-PostMix) and a mixture of the suspension and solution was sprayed via 3N (3N-PreMix) 835:1034 To investigate the microencapsulation process via this approach and its usability, methods through which the suspension and solution were sprayed separately via two of the four-fluid nozzle (4N) (4N-PostMix) and a mixture of the suspension and solution was sprayed via 3N (3N-PreMix) were used as references. 24036163 1 46 theme sustained-release 146:162 arg1 microcapsules 164:176 sustained-release microcapsules 146:176 sustained-release microcapsules using a three-fluid nozzle (3N) spray drying technique 146:231 We prepared sustained-release microcapsules using a three-fluid nozzle (3N) spray drying technique. 24036163 4 47 theme similar 603:609 arg1 angles 619:624 similar contact angles 603:624 similar contact angles 603:624 3N-PostMix particles exhibited a corrugated surface and similar contact angles as ethylcellulose bulk, thus suggesting encapsulation with ethylcellulose, resulting in the achievement of sustained release. 24036163 2 48 theme concentric 269:278 arg1 structure 280:288 a unique, three-layered concentric structure 245:288 a unique, three-layered concentric structure composed of inner and outer liquid nozzles 245:331 The 3N has a unique, three-layered concentric structure composed of inner and outer liquid nozzles, and an outermost gas nozzle. 24036163 6 49 theme smaller 1093:1099 arg1 particles 1101:1109 smaller particles 1093:1109 smaller particles 1093:1109 It was found that 3N can obtain smaller particles than 4N. 24036163 2 50 contain has 241:243 arg2 structure 280:288 a unique, three-layered concentric structure 245:288 a unique, three-layered concentric structure composed of inner and outer liquid nozzles 245:331 The 3N has a unique, three-layered concentric structure composed of inner and outer liquid nozzles, and an outermost gas nozzle. 24036163 2 50 contain has 241:243 arg1 3N 238:239 The 3N 234:239 The 3N 234:239 The 3N has a unique, three-layered concentric structure composed of inner and outer liquid nozzles, and an outermost gas nozzle. 24036163 2 50 contain has 241:243 arg2 nozzle 355:360 an outermost gas nozzle 338:360 an outermost gas nozzle 338:360 The 3N has a unique, three-layered concentric structure composed of inner and outer liquid nozzles, and an outermost gas nozzle. 24036163 4 51 theme ethylcellulose 629:642 arg1 bulk 644:647 ethylcellulose bulk 629:647 ethylcellulose bulk 629:647 3N-PostMix particles exhibited a corrugated surface and similar contact angles as ethylcellulose bulk, thus suggesting encapsulation with ethylcellulose, resulting in the achievement of sustained release. 24036163 5 52 theme microencapsulation 771:788 arg1 process 790:796 the microencapsulation process 767:796 the microencapsulation process via this approach 767:814 To investigate the microencapsulation process via this approach and its usability, methods through which the suspension and solution were sprayed separately via two of the four-fluid nozzle (4N) (4N-PostMix) and a mixture of the suspension and solution was sprayed via 3N (3N-PreMix) were used as references. 24036163 8 53 theme spray 1480:1484 arg1 useful 1506:1511 useful 1506:1511 useful 1506:1511 This study demonstrated that the 3N spray drying technique is useful as a novel microencapsulation method. 24036163 8 53 theme spray 1480:1484 arg1 technique 1493:1501 the 3N spray drying technique 1473:1501 the 3N spray drying technique 1473:1501 This study demonstrated that the 3N spray drying technique is useful as a novel microencapsulation method. 24036163 7 54 theme 4N-PostMix 1323:1332 arg1 particles 1334:1342 4N-PostMix particles 1323:1342 4N-PostMix particles 1323:1342 The results for contact angle and drug release corresponded, thus suggesting that 3N-PostMix particles are more effectively coated by ethylcellulose, and can achieve higher-level controlled release than 4N-PostMix particles, while 3N-PreMix particles are not encapsulated with pure ethylcellulose, leading to rapid release. 24036163 4 55 theme contact 611:617 arg1 angles 619:624 similar contact angles 603:624 similar contact angles 603:624 3N-PostMix particles exhibited a corrugated surface and similar contact angles as ethylcellulose bulk, thus suggesting encapsulation with ethylcellulose, resulting in the achievement of sustained release. 28399625 4 0 from fraction 693:700 arg1 film 709:712 the film as reveled by the analysis of partial mean molecular areas as a function of composition 705:800 the film as reveled by the analysis of partial mean molecular areas as a function of composition 705:800 The orientation of βCD-C16 cavity at the interface depends on its mole fraction in the film as reveled by the analysis of partial mean molecular areas as a function of composition. 28399625 4 1 theme molecular 757:765 arg1 areas 767:771 partial mean molecular areas 744:771 partial mean molecular areas as a function of composition 744:800 The orientation of βCD-C16 cavity at the interface depends on its mole fraction in the film as reveled by the analysis of partial mean molecular areas as a function of composition. 28399625 8 2 theme stacked 1428:1434 arg1 arrangement 1444:1454 hierarchical stacked βCD-C16 arrangement 1415:1454 hierarchical stacked βCD-C16 arrangement at the interface 1415:1471 Segregation of βCD-C16 was especially noticeable when βCD-C16 were incorporated by themselves into a preformed POPC matrix leading to ordered and highly birefringent structures that suggest the formation of hierarchical stacked βCD-C16 arrangement at the interface. 28399625 2 3 with β-cyclodextrin 362:375 arg1 POPC 459:462 POPC 459:462 POPC 459:462 Thermodynamic and topographic properties of films formed by a monoacylated amphiphilic β-cyclodextrin (βCD-C16) with the phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) at the air/water interface were studied. 28399625 2 3 with β-cyclodextrin 362:375 arg1 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine 409:456 the phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine 392:456 the phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) 392:463 Thermodynamic and topographic properties of films formed by a monoacylated amphiphilic β-cyclodextrin (βCD-C16) with the phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) at the air/water interface were studied. 28399625 0 4 theme Cyclodextrins 82:94 arg1 Composition 40:50 Mixture Composition 32:50 Mixture Composition 32:50 Cavity Orientation Regulated by Mixture Composition and Clustering of Amphiphilic Cyclodextrins in Phospholipid Monolayers. 28399625 0 4 theme Cyclodextrins 82:94 arg1 Clustering 56:65 Clustering 56:65 Clustering 56:65 Cavity Orientation Regulated by Mixture Composition and Clustering of Amphiphilic Cyclodextrins in Phospholipid Monolayers. 28399625 5 5 theme preformed 851:859 arg1 films 861:865 POPC preformed films 846:865 POPC preformed films 846:865 Furthermore, βCD-C16 was able to penetrate POPC preformed films in a broad range of initial surface pressures, including that near the collapse pressure of the phospholipid. 28399625 1 6 theme overcoming 207:216 arg1 alternative 218:228 an overcoming alternative 204:228 an overcoming alternative for the design of new drug delivery systems 204:272 Artificial supramolecular-hierarchical structures that emulate nature represent an overcoming alternative for the design of new drug delivery systems. 28399625 2 7 theme monoacylated 337:348 arg1 β-cyclodextrin 362:375 a monoacylated amphiphilic β-cyclodextrin 335:375 a monoacylated amphiphilic β-cyclodextrin (βCD-C16) with the phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) 335:463 Thermodynamic and topographic properties of films formed by a monoacylated amphiphilic β-cyclodextrin (βCD-C16) with the phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) at the air/water interface were studied. 28399625 2 7 theme monoacylated 337:348 arg1 βCD-C16 378:384 βCD-C16 378:384 βCD-C16 378:384 Thermodynamic and topographic properties of films formed by a monoacylated amphiphilic β-cyclodextrin (βCD-C16) with the phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) at the air/water interface were studied. 28399625 1 8 theme Artificial 124:133 arg1 structures 163:172 Artificial supramolecular-hierarchical structures 124:172 Artificial supramolecular-hierarchical structures that emulate nature 124:192 Artificial supramolecular-hierarchical structures that emulate nature represent an overcoming alternative for the design of new drug delivery systems. 28399625 0 9 theme Phospholipid 99:110 arg1 Monolayers 112:121 Phospholipid Monolayers 99:121 Phospholipid Monolayers 99:121 Cavity Orientation Regulated by Mixture Composition and Clustering of Amphiphilic Cyclodextrins in Phospholipid Monolayers. 28399625 0 10 from Clustering 56:65 arg1 Monolayers 112:121 Phospholipid Monolayers 99:121 Phospholipid Monolayers 99:121 Cavity Orientation Regulated by Mixture Composition and Clustering of Amphiphilic Cyclodextrins in Phospholipid Monolayers. 28399625 8 11 theme βCD-C16 1436:1442 arg1 arrangement 1444:1454 hierarchical stacked βCD-C16 arrangement 1415:1454 hierarchical stacked βCD-C16 arrangement at the interface 1415:1471 Segregation of βCD-C16 was especially noticeable when βCD-C16 were incorporated by themselves into a preformed POPC matrix leading to ordered and highly birefringent structures that suggest the formation of hierarchical stacked βCD-C16 arrangement at the interface. 28399625 4 12 theme areas 767:771 arg1 analysis 732:739 the analysis 728:739 the analysis of partial mean molecular areas as a function of composition 728:800 The orientation of βCD-C16 cavity at the interface depends on its mole fraction in the film as reveled by the analysis of partial mean molecular areas as a function of composition. 28399625 2 13 theme phospholipid 396:407 arg1 POPC 459:462 POPC 459:462 POPC 459:462 Thermodynamic and topographic properties of films formed by a monoacylated amphiphilic β-cyclodextrin (βCD-C16) with the phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) at the air/water interface were studied. 28399625 2 13 theme phospholipid 396:407 arg1 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine 409:456 the phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine 392:456 the phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) 392:463 Thermodynamic and topographic properties of films formed by a monoacylated amphiphilic β-cyclodextrin (βCD-C16) with the phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) at the air/water interface were studied. 28399625 5 14 theme surface 895:901 arg1 pressures 903:911 initial surface pressures 887:911 initial surface pressures 887:911 Furthermore, βCD-C16 was able to penetrate POPC preformed films in a broad range of initial surface pressures, including that near the collapse pressure of the phospholipid. 28399625 5 14 theme surface 895:901 arg1 that 924:927 that 924:927 that 924:927 Furthermore, βCD-C16 was able to penetrate POPC preformed films in a broad range of initial surface pressures, including that near the collapse pressure of the phospholipid. 28399625 3 15 theme several 553:559 arg1 proportions 561:571 several proportions 553:571 several proportions 553:571 βCD-C16 formed stable mixed films with POPC at several proportions when spread together at the air/water interface. 28399625 3 16 theme mixed 528:532 arg1 films 534:538 stable mixed films 521:538 stable mixed films with POPC at several proportions 521:571 βCD-C16 formed stable mixed films with POPC at several proportions when spread together at the air/water interface. 28399625 4 17 from interface 663:671 arg1 orientation 626:636 The orientation 622:636 The orientation of βCD-C16 cavity at the interface 622:671 The orientation of βCD-C16 cavity at the interface depends on its mole fraction in the film as reveled by the analysis of partial mean molecular areas as a function of composition. 28399625 4 17 from interface 663:671 arg1 cavity 649:654 βCD-C16 cavity 641:654 βCD-C16 cavity at the interface 641:671 The orientation of βCD-C16 cavity at the interface depends on its mole fraction in the film as reveled by the analysis of partial mean molecular areas as a function of composition. 28399625 0 18 from Composition 40:50 arg1 Monolayers 112:121 Phospholipid Monolayers 99:121 Phospholipid Monolayers 99:121 Cavity Orientation Regulated by Mixture Composition and Clustering of Amphiphilic Cyclodextrins in Phospholipid Monolayers. 28399625 6 19 theme lipid 1060:1064 arg1 matrix 1066:1071 this lipid matrix 1055:1071 this lipid matrix commonly used in liposome formulations 1055:1110 These results demonstrated the strong tendency of βCD-C16 to be inserted into this lipid matrix commonly used in liposome formulations. 28399625 3 20 from proportions 561:571 arg1 films 534:538 stable mixed films 521:538 stable mixed films with POPC at several proportions 521:571 βCD-C16 formed stable mixed films with POPC at several proportions when spread together at the air/water interface. 28399625 5 21 theme broad 872:876 arg1 that 924:927 that 924:927 that 924:927 Furthermore, βCD-C16 was able to penetrate POPC preformed films in a broad range of initial surface pressures, including that near the collapse pressure of the phospholipid. 28399625 5 21 theme broad 872:876 arg1 range 878:882 a broad range 870:882 a broad range of initial surface pressures, including that near the collapse pressure of the phospholipid 870:974 Furthermore, βCD-C16 was able to penetrate POPC preformed films in a broad range of initial surface pressures, including that near the collapse pressure of the phospholipid. 28399625 2 22 theme air/water 472:480 arg1 interface 482:490 the air/water interface 468:490 the air/water interface 468:490 Thermodynamic and topographic properties of films formed by a monoacylated amphiphilic β-cyclodextrin (βCD-C16) with the phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) at the air/water interface were studied. 28399625 4 23 theme partial 744:750 arg1 areas 767:771 partial mean molecular areas 744:771 partial mean molecular areas as a function of composition 744:800 The orientation of βCD-C16 cavity at the interface depends on its mole fraction in the film as reveled by the analysis of partial mean molecular areas as a function of composition. 28399625 0 24 theme Cavity 0:5 arg1 Orientation 7:17 Cavity Orientation 0:17 Cavity Orientation 0:17 Cavity Orientation Regulated by Mixture Composition and Clustering of Amphiphilic Cyclodextrins in Phospholipid Monolayers. 28399625 4 25 theme cavity 649:654 arg1 orientation 626:636 The orientation 622:636 The orientation of βCD-C16 cavity at the interface 622:671 The orientation of βCD-C16 cavity at the interface depends on its mole fraction in the film as reveled by the analysis of partial mean molecular areas as a function of composition. 28399625 8 26 theme βCD-C16 1223:1229 arg1 Segregation 1208:1218 Segregation 1208:1218 Segregation of βCD-C16 1208:1229 Segregation of βCD-C16 was especially noticeable when βCD-C16 were incorporated by themselves into a preformed POPC matrix leading to ordered and highly birefringent structures that suggest the formation of hierarchical stacked βCD-C16 arrangement at the interface. 28399625 3 27 theme stable 521:526 arg1 films 534:538 stable mixed films 521:538 stable mixed films with POPC at several proportions 521:571 βCD-C16 formed stable mixed films with POPC at several proportions when spread together at the air/water interface. 28399625 8 28 from formation 1402:1410 arg1 interface 1463:1471 the interface 1459:1471 the interface 1459:1471 Segregation of βCD-C16 was especially noticeable when βCD-C16 were incorporated by themselves into a preformed POPC matrix leading to ordered and highly birefringent structures that suggest the formation of hierarchical stacked βCD-C16 arrangement at the interface. 28399625 8 29 theme hierarchical 1415:1426 arg1 arrangement 1444:1454 hierarchical stacked βCD-C16 arrangement 1415:1454 hierarchical stacked βCD-C16 arrangement at the interface 1415:1471 Segregation of βCD-C16 was especially noticeable when βCD-C16 were incorporated by themselves into a preformed POPC matrix leading to ordered and highly birefringent structures that suggest the formation of hierarchical stacked βCD-C16 arrangement at the interface. 28399625 5 30 theme initial 887:893 arg1 pressures 903:911 initial surface pressures 887:911 initial surface pressures 887:911 Furthermore, βCD-C16 was able to penetrate POPC preformed films in a broad range of initial surface pressures, including that near the collapse pressure of the phospholipid. 28399625 5 30 theme initial 887:893 arg1 that 924:927 that 924:927 that 924:927 Furthermore, βCD-C16 was able to penetrate POPC preformed films in a broad range of initial surface pressures, including that near the collapse pressure of the phospholipid. 28399625 6 31 theme βCD-C16 1027:1033 arg1 tendency 1015:1022 the strong tendency 1004:1022 the strong tendency of βCD-C16 to be inserted into this lipid matrix commonly used in liposome formulations 1004:1110 These results demonstrated the strong tendency of βCD-C16 to be inserted into this lipid matrix commonly used in liposome formulations. 28399625 2 32 theme amphiphilic 350:360 arg1 β-cyclodextrin 362:375 a monoacylated amphiphilic β-cyclodextrin 335:375 a monoacylated amphiphilic β-cyclodextrin (βCD-C16) with the phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) 335:463 Thermodynamic and topographic properties of films formed by a monoacylated amphiphilic β-cyclodextrin (βCD-C16) with the phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) at the air/water interface were studied. 28399625 2 32 theme amphiphilic 350:360 arg1 βCD-C16 378:384 βCD-C16 378:384 βCD-C16 378:384 Thermodynamic and topographic properties of films formed by a monoacylated amphiphilic β-cyclodextrin (βCD-C16) with the phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) at the air/water interface were studied. 28399625 1 33 theme new 248:250 arg1 systems 266:272 new drug delivery systems 248:272 new drug delivery systems 248:272 Artificial supramolecular-hierarchical structures that emulate nature represent an overcoming alternative for the design of new drug delivery systems. 28399625 5 34 theme POPC 846:849 arg1 films 861:865 POPC preformed films 846:865 POPC preformed films 846:865 Furthermore, βCD-C16 was able to penetrate POPC preformed films in a broad range of initial surface pressures, including that near the collapse pressure of the phospholipid. 28399625 8 35 from interface 1463:1471 arg1 arrangement 1444:1454 hierarchical stacked βCD-C16 arrangement 1415:1454 hierarchical stacked βCD-C16 arrangement at the interface 1415:1471 Segregation of βCD-C16 was especially noticeable when βCD-C16 were incorporated by themselves into a preformed POPC matrix leading to ordered and highly birefringent structures that suggest the formation of hierarchical stacked βCD-C16 arrangement at the interface. 28399625 8 35 from interface 1463:1471 arg1 formation 1402:1410 the formation 1398:1410 the formation of hierarchical stacked βCD-C16 arrangement at the interface 1398:1471 Segregation of βCD-C16 was especially noticeable when βCD-C16 were incorporated by themselves into a preformed POPC matrix leading to ordered and highly birefringent structures that suggest the formation of hierarchical stacked βCD-C16 arrangement at the interface. 28399625 5 36 theme pressures 903:911 arg1 that 924:927 that 924:927 that 924:927 Furthermore, βCD-C16 was able to penetrate POPC preformed films in a broad range of initial surface pressures, including that near the collapse pressure of the phospholipid. 28399625 5 36 theme pressures 903:911 arg1 range 878:882 a broad range 870:882 a broad range of initial surface pressures, including that near the collapse pressure of the phospholipid 870:974 Furthermore, βCD-C16 was able to penetrate POPC preformed films in a broad range of initial surface pressures, including that near the collapse pressure of the phospholipid. 28399625 8 37 theme ordered 1342:1348 arg1 structures 1374:1383 ordered and highly birefringent structures 1342:1383 ordered and highly birefringent structures that suggest the formation of hierarchical stacked βCD-C16 arrangement at the interface 1342:1471 Segregation of βCD-C16 was especially noticeable when βCD-C16 were incorporated by themselves into a preformed POPC matrix leading to ordered and highly birefringent structures that suggest the formation of hierarchical stacked βCD-C16 arrangement at the interface. 28399625 1 38 theme drug 252:255 arg1 systems 266:272 new drug delivery systems 248:272 new drug delivery systems 248:272 Artificial supramolecular-hierarchical structures that emulate nature represent an overcoming alternative for the design of new drug delivery systems. 28399625 0 39 theme Mixture 32:38 arg1 Composition 40:50 Mixture Composition 32:50 Mixture Composition 32:50 Cavity Orientation Regulated by Mixture Composition and Clustering of Amphiphilic Cyclodextrins in Phospholipid Monolayers. 28399625 4 40 from orientation 626:636 arg1 interface 663:671 the interface 659:671 the interface 659:671 The orientation of βCD-C16 cavity at the interface depends on its mole fraction in the film as reveled by the analysis of partial mean molecular areas as a function of composition. 28399625 8 41 theme birefringent 1361:1372 arg1 structures 1374:1383 ordered and highly birefringent structures 1342:1383 ordered and highly birefringent structures that suggest the formation of hierarchical stacked βCD-C16 arrangement at the interface 1342:1471 Segregation of βCD-C16 was especially noticeable when βCD-C16 were incorporated by themselves into a preformed POPC matrix leading to ordered and highly birefringent structures that suggest the formation of hierarchical stacked βCD-C16 arrangement at the interface. 28399625 2 42 theme Thermodynamic 275:287 arg1 properties 305:314 Thermodynamic and topographic properties 275:314 Thermodynamic and topographic properties of films formed by a monoacylated amphiphilic β-cyclodextrin (βCD-C16) with the phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) at the air/water interface 275:490 Thermodynamic and topographic properties of films formed by a monoacylated amphiphilic β-cyclodextrin (βCD-C16) with the phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) at the air/water interface were studied. 28399625 1 43 theme delivery 257:264 arg1 systems 266:272 new drug delivery systems 248:272 new drug delivery systems 248:272 Artificial supramolecular-hierarchical structures that emulate nature represent an overcoming alternative for the design of new drug delivery systems. 28399625 8 44 theme preformed 1309:1317 arg1 matrix 1324:1329 a preformed POPC matrix 1307:1329 a preformed POPC matrix leading to ordered and highly birefringent structures that suggest the formation of hierarchical stacked βCD-C16 arrangement at the interface 1307:1471 Segregation of βCD-C16 was especially noticeable when βCD-C16 were incorporated by themselves into a preformed POPC matrix leading to ordered and highly birefringent structures that suggest the formation of hierarchical stacked βCD-C16 arrangement at the interface. 28399625 5 45 theme collapse 938:945 arg1 pressure 947:954 the collapse pressure 934:954 the collapse pressure of the phospholipid 934:974 Furthermore, βCD-C16 was able to penetrate POPC preformed films in a broad range of initial surface pressures, including that near the collapse pressure of the phospholipid. 28399625 1 46 theme supramolecular-hierarchical 135:161 arg1 structures 163:172 Artificial supramolecular-hierarchical structures 124:172 Artificial supramolecular-hierarchical structures that emulate nature 124:192 Artificial supramolecular-hierarchical structures that emulate nature represent an overcoming alternative for the design of new drug delivery systems. 28399625 7 47 theme Topography 1113:1122 arg1 studies 1124:1130 Topography studies 1113:1130 Topography studies 1113:1130 Topography studies show that βCD-C16 segregate from POPC forming clusters enriched in βCD-C16. 28399625 2 48 theme films 319:323 arg1 properties 305:314 Thermodynamic and topographic properties 275:314 Thermodynamic and topographic properties of films formed by a monoacylated amphiphilic β-cyclodextrin (βCD-C16) with the phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) at the air/water interface 275:490 Thermodynamic and topographic properties of films formed by a monoacylated amphiphilic β-cyclodextrin (βCD-C16) with the phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) at the air/water interface were studied. 28399625 4 49 theme composition 790:800 arg1 function 778:785 a function 776:785 a function of composition 776:800 The orientation of βCD-C16 cavity at the interface depends on its mole fraction in the film as reveled by the analysis of partial mean molecular areas as a function of composition. 28399625 1 50 theme systems 266:272 arg1 design 238:243 the design 234:243 the design of new drug delivery systems 234:272 Artificial supramolecular-hierarchical structures that emulate nature represent an overcoming alternative for the design of new drug delivery systems. 28399625 3 51 with films 534:538 arg1 POPC 545:548 POPC 545:548 POPC 545:548 βCD-C16 formed stable mixed films with POPC at several proportions when spread together at the air/water interface. 28399625 5 52 theme phospholipid 963:974 arg1 pressure 947:954 the collapse pressure 934:954 the collapse pressure of the phospholipid 934:974 Furthermore, βCD-C16 was able to penetrate POPC preformed films in a broad range of initial surface pressures, including that near the collapse pressure of the phospholipid. 28399625 8 53 theme arrangement 1444:1454 arg1 formation 1402:1410 the formation 1398:1410 the formation of hierarchical stacked βCD-C16 arrangement at the interface 1398:1471 Segregation of βCD-C16 was especially noticeable when βCD-C16 were incorporated by themselves into a preformed POPC matrix leading to ordered and highly birefringent structures that suggest the formation of hierarchical stacked βCD-C16 arrangement at the interface. 28399625 4 54 theme mole 688:691 arg1 fraction 693:700 its mole fraction 684:700 its mole fraction in the film as reveled by the analysis of partial mean molecular areas as a function of composition 684:800 The orientation of βCD-C16 cavity at the interface depends on its mole fraction in the film as reveled by the analysis of partial mean molecular areas as a function of composition. 28399625 0 55 theme Amphiphilic 70:80 arg1 Cyclodextrins 82:94 Amphiphilic Cyclodextrins 70:94 Amphiphilic Cyclodextrins 70:94 Cavity Orientation Regulated by Mixture Composition and Clustering of Amphiphilic Cyclodextrins in Phospholipid Monolayers. 28399625 6 56 theme liposome 1090:1097 arg1 formulations 1099:1110 liposome formulations 1090:1110 liposome formulations 1090:1110 These results demonstrated the strong tendency of βCD-C16 to be inserted into this lipid matrix commonly used in liposome formulations. 28399625 3 57 theme air/water 601:609 arg1 interface 611:619 the air/water interface 597:619 the air/water interface 597:619 βCD-C16 formed stable mixed films with POPC at several proportions when spread together at the air/water interface. 28399625 8 58 theme POPC 1319:1322 arg1 matrix 1324:1329 a preformed POPC matrix 1307:1329 a preformed POPC matrix leading to ordered and highly birefringent structures that suggest the formation of hierarchical stacked βCD-C16 arrangement at the interface 1307:1471 Segregation of βCD-C16 was especially noticeable when βCD-C16 were incorporated by themselves into a preformed POPC matrix leading to ordered and highly birefringent structures that suggest the formation of hierarchical stacked βCD-C16 arrangement at the interface. 28399625 2 59 theme topographic 293:303 arg1 properties 305:314 Thermodynamic and topographic properties 275:314 Thermodynamic and topographic properties of films formed by a monoacylated amphiphilic β-cyclodextrin (βCD-C16) with the phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) at the air/water interface 275:490 Thermodynamic and topographic properties of films formed by a monoacylated amphiphilic β-cyclodextrin (βCD-C16) with the phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) at the air/water interface were studied. 28399625 4 60 theme mean 752:755 arg1 areas 767:771 partial mean molecular areas 744:771 partial mean molecular areas as a function of composition 744:800 The orientation of βCD-C16 cavity at the interface depends on its mole fraction in the film as reveled by the analysis of partial mean molecular areas as a function of composition. 28399625 6 61 theme strong 1008:1013 arg1 tendency 1015:1022 the strong tendency 1004:1022 the strong tendency of βCD-C16 to be inserted into this lipid matrix commonly used in liposome formulations 1004:1110 These results demonstrated the strong tendency of βCD-C16 to be inserted into this lipid matrix commonly used in liposome formulations. 29065727 0 0 theme factor 96:101 arg1 delivery 103:110 angiogenic growth factor delivery 78:110 angiogenic growth factor delivery 78:110 Design and fabrication of GelMA/chitosan nanoparticles composite hydrogel for angiogenic growth factor delivery. 29065727 5 1 theme growth 685:690 arg1 delivery 699:706 growth factor delivery 685:706 growth factor delivery due to its biocompatibility, easy method of synthesis 685:760 Specifically, chitosan nanoparticles can be used for growth factor delivery due to its biocompatibility, easy method of synthesis, and preventing the biomolecule from degradation. 29065727 9 2 from viability 1224:1232 arg1 profile 1160:1166 the profile 1156:1166 the profile of bFGF release from the hydrogel and its effect on the viability of fibroblast cells 1156:1252 The size of nanoparticles was evaluated and the profile of bFGF release from the hydrogel and its effect on the viability of fibroblast cells was studied. 29065727 4 3 theme growth 616:621 arg1 factors 623:629 growth factors 616:629 growth factors 616:629 It has been suggested that incorporating micro/nano carriers in GelMA could provide a sustained release of growth factors. 29065727 0 4 theme growth 89:94 arg1 factor 96:101 angiogenic growth factor 78:101 angiogenic growth factor delivery 78:110 Design and fabrication of GelMA/chitosan nanoparticles composite hydrogel for angiogenic growth factor delivery. 29065727 4 5 theme micro/nano 550:559 arg1 carriers 561:568 micro/nano carriers 550:568 micro/nano carriers 550:568 It has been suggested that incorporating micro/nano carriers in GelMA could provide a sustained release of growth factors. 29065727 5 6 theme factor 692:697 arg1 delivery 699:706 growth factor delivery 685:706 growth factor delivery due to its biocompatibility, easy method of synthesis 685:760 Specifically, chitosan nanoparticles can be used for growth factor delivery due to its biocompatibility, easy method of synthesis, and preventing the biomolecule from degradation. 29065727 3 7 contain possessing 434:443 arg2 properties 453:462 tunable properties 445:462 tunable properties 445:462 Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel, a photocrosslinkable biomaterial possessing tunable properties, has been widely used in tissue engineering. 29065727 3 7 contain possessing 434:443 arg1 hydrogel 391:398 Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel 362:398 Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel 362:398 Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel, a photocrosslinkable biomaterial possessing tunable properties, has been widely used in tissue engineering. 29065727 3 7 contain possessing 434:443 arg1 biomaterial 422:432 a photocrosslinkable biomaterial 401:432 a photocrosslinkable biomaterial possessing tunable properties 401:462 Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel, a photocrosslinkable biomaterial possessing tunable properties, has been widely used in tissue engineering. 29065727 1 8 theme cell 177:180 arg1 response 182:189 cell response and function 177:202 response 182:189 The cellular microenvironment plays a crucial role in improving cell response and function of an engineered tissue. 29065727 3 9 theme GelMA 384:388 arg1 hydrogel 391:398 Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel 362:398 Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel 362:398 Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel, a photocrosslinkable biomaterial possessing tunable properties, has been widely used in tissue engineering. 29065727 3 9 theme GelMA 384:388 arg1 biomaterial 422:432 a photocrosslinkable biomaterial 401:432 a photocrosslinkable biomaterial possessing tunable properties 401:462 Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel, a photocrosslinkable biomaterial possessing tunable properties, has been widely used in tissue engineering. 29065727 11 10 used used 1481:1484 arg2 scaffold 1465:1472 This hydrogel scaffold 1451:1472 This hydrogel scaffold 1451:1472 This hydrogel scaffold can be used for efficient delivery of bFGF in various applications and especially for angiogenesis. 29065727 6 11 theme composite 856:864 arg1 hydrogel 866:873 GelMA/chitosan nanoparticles composite hydrogel 827:873 GelMA/chitosan nanoparticles composite hydrogel 827:873 In this study, GelMA/chitosan nanoparticles composite hydrogel was developed to deliver an angiogenic growth factor (bFGF). 29065727 2 12 theme great 308:312 arg1 candidates 314:323 great candidates 308:323 great candidates for tissue engineering applications 308:359 Scaffolds mimicking the native ECM and capable of releasing growth factors are great candidates for tissue engineering applications. 29065727 2 12 theme great 308:312 arg1 Scaffolds 229:237 Scaffolds 229:237 Scaffolds mimicking the native ECM and capable of releasing growth factors 229:302 Scaffolds mimicking the native ECM and capable of releasing growth factors are great candidates for tissue engineering applications. 29065727 11 13 theme efficient 1490:1498 arg1 delivery 1500:1507 efficient delivery 1490:1507 efficient delivery of bFGF in various applications 1490:1539 This hydrogel scaffold can be used for efficient delivery of bFGF in various applications and especially for angiogenesis. 29065727 5 14 theme due 708:710 arg1 delivery 699:706 growth factor delivery 685:706 growth factor delivery due to its biocompatibility, easy method of synthesis 685:760 Specifically, chitosan nanoparticles can be used for growth factor delivery due to its biocompatibility, easy method of synthesis, and preventing the biomolecule from degradation. 29065727 6 15 theme nanoparticles 842:854 arg1 hydrogel 866:873 GelMA/chitosan nanoparticles composite hydrogel 827:873 GelMA/chitosan nanoparticles composite hydrogel 827:873 In this study, GelMA/chitosan nanoparticles composite hydrogel was developed to deliver an angiogenic growth factor (bFGF). 29065727 10 16 theme biocompatible 1376:1388 arg1 structure 1390:1398 its biocompatible structure 1372:1398 its biocompatible structure 1372:1398 The results showed that GelMA/chitosan nanoparticles can significantly promote cell proliferation due to its biocompatible structure and providing a sustained profile of bFGF release. 29065727 11 17 theme bFGF 1512:1515 arg1 delivery 1500:1507 efficient delivery 1490:1507 efficient delivery of bFGF in various applications 1490:1539 This hydrogel scaffold can be used for efficient delivery of bFGF in various applications and especially for angiogenesis. 29065727 2 18 theme engineering 336:346 arg1 applications 348:359 tissue engineering applications 329:359 tissue engineering applications 329:359 Scaffolds mimicking the native ECM and capable of releasing growth factors are great candidates for tissue engineering applications. 29065727 3 19 theme methacryloyl 370:381 arg1 hydrogel 391:398 Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel 362:398 Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel 362:398 Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel, a photocrosslinkable biomaterial possessing tunable properties, has been widely used in tissue engineering. 29065727 3 19 theme methacryloyl 370:381 arg1 biomaterial 422:432 a photocrosslinkable biomaterial 401:432 a photocrosslinkable biomaterial possessing tunable properties 401:462 Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel, a photocrosslinkable biomaterial possessing tunable properties, has been widely used in tissue engineering. 29065727 2 20 dep Scaffolds 229:237 arg1 capable 268:274 capable 268:274 capable 268:274 Scaffolds mimicking the native ECM and capable of releasing growth factors are great candidates for tissue engineering applications. 29065727 2 20 dep Scaffolds 229:237 arg1 mimicking 239:247 mimicking 239:247 mimicking the native ECM 239:262 Scaffolds mimicking the native ECM and capable of releasing growth factors are great candidates for tissue engineering applications. 29065727 2 21 theme growth 289:294 arg1 factors 296:302 growth factors 289:302 growth factors 289:302 Scaffolds mimicking the native ECM and capable of releasing growth factors are great candidates for tissue engineering applications. 29065727 4 22 theme factors 623:629 arg1 release 605:611 a sustained release 593:611 a sustained release of growth factors 593:629 It has been suggested that incorporating micro/nano carriers in GelMA could provide a sustained release of growth factors. 29065727 7 23 theme chemical 993:1000 arg1 properties 1015:1024 its chemical and physical properties 989:1024 its chemical and physical properties 989:1024 The hydrogel was prepared by photopolymerization and its chemical and physical properties were characterized. 29065727 11 24 theme hydrogel 1456:1463 arg1 scaffold 1465:1472 This hydrogel scaffold 1451:1472 This hydrogel scaffold 1451:1472 This hydrogel scaffold can be used for efficient delivery of bFGF in various applications and especially for angiogenesis. 29065727 11 25 theme various 1520:1526 arg1 applications 1528:1539 various applications 1520:1539 various applications 1520:1539 This hydrogel scaffold can be used for efficient delivery of bFGF in various applications and especially for angiogenesis. 29065727 2 26 theme tissue 329:334 arg1 applications 348:359 tissue engineering applications 329:359 tissue engineering applications 329:359 Scaffolds mimicking the native ECM and capable of releasing growth factors are great candidates for tissue engineering applications. 29065727 10 27 theme cell 1346:1349 arg1 proliferation 1351:1363 cell proliferation 1346:1363 cell proliferation 1346:1363 The results showed that GelMA/chitosan nanoparticles can significantly promote cell proliferation due to its biocompatible structure and providing a sustained profile of bFGF release. 29065727 3 28 theme photocrosslinkable 403:420 arg1 hydrogel 391:398 Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel 362:398 Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel 362:398 Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel, a photocrosslinkable biomaterial possessing tunable properties, has been widely used in tissue engineering. 29065727 3 28 theme photocrosslinkable 403:420 arg1 biomaterial 422:432 a photocrosslinkable biomaterial 401:432 a photocrosslinkable biomaterial possessing tunable properties 401:462 Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel, a photocrosslinkable biomaterial possessing tunable properties, has been widely used in tissue engineering. 29065727 3 29 used used 481:484 arg2 hydrogel 391:398 Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel 362:398 Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel 362:398 Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel, a photocrosslinkable biomaterial possessing tunable properties, has been widely used in tissue engineering. 29065727 3 29 used used 481:484 arg2 biomaterial 422:432 a photocrosslinkable biomaterial 401:432 a photocrosslinkable biomaterial possessing tunable properties 401:462 Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel, a photocrosslinkable biomaterial possessing tunable properties, has been widely used in tissue engineering. 29065727 9 30 from effect 1210:1215 arg1 viability 1224:1232 the viability 1220:1232 the viability of fibroblast cells 1220:1252 The size of nanoparticles was evaluated and the profile of bFGF release from the hydrogel and its effect on the viability of fibroblast cells was studied. 29065727 6 31 theme GelMA/chitosan 827:840 arg1 nanoparticles 842:854 GelMA/chitosan nanoparticles 827:854 GelMA/chitosan nanoparticles composite hydrogel 827:873 In this study, GelMA/chitosan nanoparticles composite hydrogel was developed to deliver an angiogenic growth factor (bFGF). 29065727 7 32 theme physical 1006:1013 arg1 properties 1015:1024 its chemical and physical properties 989:1024 its chemical and physical properties 989:1024 The hydrogel was prepared by photopolymerization and its chemical and physical properties were characterized. 29065727 3 33 theme tissue 489:494 arg1 engineering 496:506 tissue engineering 489:506 tissue engineering 489:506 Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel, a photocrosslinkable biomaterial possessing tunable properties, has been widely used in tissue engineering. 29065727 10 34 theme release 1442:1448 arg1 profile 1426:1432 a sustained profile 1414:1432 a sustained profile of bFGF release 1414:1448 The results showed that GelMA/chitosan nanoparticles can significantly promote cell proliferation due to its biocompatible structure and providing a sustained profile of bFGF release. 29065727 1 35 theme cellular 117:124 arg1 microenvironment 126:141 The cellular microenvironment 113:141 The cellular microenvironment 113:141 The cellular microenvironment plays a crucial role in improving cell response and function of an engineered tissue. 29065727 9 36 theme bFGF 1171:1174 arg1 release 1176:1182 bFGF release 1171:1182 bFGF release from the hydrogel 1171:1200 The size of nanoparticles was evaluated and the profile of bFGF release from the hydrogel and its effect on the viability of fibroblast cells was studied. 29065727 1 37 theme engineered 210:219 arg1 tissue 221:226 an engineered tissue 207:226 an engineered tissue 207:226 The cellular microenvironment plays a crucial role in improving cell response and function of an engineered tissue. 29065727 3 38 theme tunable 445:451 arg1 properties 453:462 tunable properties 445:462 tunable properties 445:462 Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel, a photocrosslinkable biomaterial possessing tunable properties, has been widely used in tissue engineering. 29065727 4 39 theme sustained 595:603 arg1 release 605:611 a sustained release 593:611 a sustained release of growth factors 593:629 It has been suggested that incorporating micro/nano carriers in GelMA could provide a sustained release of growth factors. 29065727 6 40 theme growth 914:919 arg1 bFGF 929:932 bFGF 929:932 bFGF 929:932 In this study, GelMA/chitosan nanoparticles composite hydrogel was developed to deliver an angiogenic growth factor (bFGF). 29065727 6 40 theme growth 914:919 arg1 factor 921:926 an angiogenic growth factor 900:926 an angiogenic growth factor (bFGF) 900:933 In this study, GelMA/chitosan nanoparticles composite hydrogel was developed to deliver an angiogenic growth factor (bFGF). 29065727 2 41 theme native 253:258 arg1 ECM 260:262 the native ECM 249:262 the native ECM 249:262 Scaffolds mimicking the native ECM and capable of releasing growth factors are great candidates for tissue engineering applications. 29065727 9 42 theme release 1176:1182 arg1 profile 1160:1166 the profile 1156:1166 the profile of bFGF release from the hydrogel and its effect on the viability of fibroblast cells 1156:1252 The size of nanoparticles was evaluated and the profile of bFGF release from the hydrogel and its effect on the viability of fibroblast cells was studied. 29065727 1 43 theme tissue 221:226 arg1 function 195:202 cell response and function 177:202 function 195:202 The cellular microenvironment plays a crucial role in improving cell response and function of an engineered tissue. 29065727 1 43 theme tissue 221:226 arg1 response 182:189 cell response and function 177:202 response 182:189 The cellular microenvironment plays a crucial role in improving cell response and function of an engineered tissue. 29065727 0 44 theme GelMA/chitosan 26:39 arg1 fabrication 11:21 fabrication 11:21 fabrication 11:21 Design and fabrication of GelMA/chitosan nanoparticles composite hydrogel for angiogenic growth factor delivery. 29065727 0 44 theme GelMA/chitosan 26:39 arg1 Design 0:5 Design 0:5 Design 0:5 Design and fabrication of GelMA/chitosan nanoparticles composite hydrogel for angiogenic growth factor delivery. 29065727 5 45 theme synthesis 752:760 arg1 method 742:747 its biocompatibility, easy method 715:747 its biocompatibility, easy method of synthesis 715:760 Specifically, chitosan nanoparticles can be used for growth factor delivery due to its biocompatibility, easy method of synthesis, and preventing the biomolecule from degradation. 29065727 6 46 theme angiogenic 903:912 arg1 bFGF 929:932 bFGF 929:932 bFGF 929:932 In this study, GelMA/chitosan nanoparticles composite hydrogel was developed to deliver an angiogenic growth factor (bFGF). 29065727 6 46 theme angiogenic 903:912 arg1 factor 921:926 an angiogenic growth factor 900:926 an angiogenic growth factor (bFGF) 900:933 In this study, GelMA/chitosan nanoparticles composite hydrogel was developed to deliver an angiogenic growth factor (bFGF). 29065727 9 47 from release 1176:1182 arg1 viability 1224:1232 the viability 1220:1232 the viability of fibroblast cells 1220:1252 The size of nanoparticles was evaluated and the profile of bFGF release from the hydrogel and its effect on the viability of fibroblast cells was studied. 29065727 5 48 dep biocompatibility 719:734 arg1 easy 737:740 easy 737:740 easy 737:740 Specifically, chitosan nanoparticles can be used for growth factor delivery due to its biocompatibility, easy method of synthesis, and preventing the biomolecule from degradation. 29065727 9 49 theme fibroblast 1237:1246 arg1 cells 1248:1252 fibroblast cells 1237:1252 fibroblast cells 1237:1252 The size of nanoparticles was evaluated and the profile of bFGF release from the hydrogel and its effect on the viability of fibroblast cells was studied. 29065727 9 50 from profile 1160:1166 arg1 hydrogel 1193:1200 the hydrogel 1189:1200 the hydrogel 1189:1200 The size of nanoparticles was evaluated and the profile of bFGF release from the hydrogel and its effect on the viability of fibroblast cells was studied. 29065727 9 50 from profile 1160:1166 arg1 viability 1224:1232 the viability 1220:1232 the viability of fibroblast cells 1220:1252 The size of nanoparticles was evaluated and the profile of bFGF release from the hydrogel and its effect on the viability of fibroblast cells was studied. 29065727 10 51 theme sustained 1416:1424 arg1 profile 1426:1432 a sustained profile 1414:1432 a sustained profile of bFGF release 1414:1448 The results showed that GelMA/chitosan nanoparticles can significantly promote cell proliferation due to its biocompatible structure and providing a sustained profile of bFGF release. 29065727 0 52 theme composite 55:63 arg1 hydrogel 65:72 composite hydrogel 55:72 composite hydrogel for angiogenic growth factor delivery 55:110 Design and fabrication of GelMA/chitosan nanoparticles composite hydrogel for angiogenic growth factor delivery. 29065727 5 53 from degradation 799:809 arg1 biomolecule 782:792 the biomolecule 778:792 the biomolecule from degradation 778:809 Specifically, chitosan nanoparticles can be used for growth factor delivery due to its biocompatibility, easy method of synthesis, and preventing the biomolecule from degradation. 29065727 10 54 theme GelMA/chitosan 1291:1304 arg1 nanoparticles 1306:1318 GelMA/chitosan nanoparticles 1291:1318 GelMA/chitosan nanoparticles 1291:1318 The results showed that GelMA/chitosan nanoparticles can significantly promote cell proliferation due to its biocompatible structure and providing a sustained profile of bFGF release. 29065727 8 55 theme swelling 1066:1073 arg1 characteristics 1075:1089 swelling characteristics 1066:1089 swelling characteristics 1066:1089 Its degradation and swelling characteristics were also evaluated. 29065727 5 56 theme biocompatibility 719:734 arg1 method 742:747 its biocompatibility, easy method 715:747 its biocompatibility, easy method of synthesis 715:760 Specifically, chitosan nanoparticles can be used for growth factor delivery due to its biocompatibility, easy method of synthesis, and preventing the biomolecule from degradation. 29065727 11 57 from delivery 1500:1507 arg1 applications 1528:1539 various applications 1520:1539 various applications 1520:1539 This hydrogel scaffold can be used for efficient delivery of bFGF in various applications and especially for angiogenesis. 29065727 5 58 dep nanoparticles 655:667 arg1 used 676:679 used 676:679 can be used for growth factor delivery due to its biocompatibility, easy method of synthesis 669:760 Specifically, chitosan nanoparticles can be used for growth factor delivery due to its biocompatibility, easy method of synthesis, and preventing the biomolecule from degradation. 29065727 1 59 theme crucial 151:157 arg1 role 159:162 a crucial role 149:162 a crucial role 149:162 The cellular microenvironment plays a crucial role in improving cell response and function of an engineered tissue. 29065727 9 60 theme cells 1248:1252 arg1 viability 1224:1232 the viability 1220:1232 the viability of fibroblast cells 1220:1252 The size of nanoparticles was evaluated and the profile of bFGF release from the hydrogel and its effect on the viability of fibroblast cells was studied. 29065727 0 61 theme angiogenic 78:87 arg1 factor 96:101 angiogenic growth factor 78:101 angiogenic growth factor delivery 78:110 Design and fabrication of GelMA/chitosan nanoparticles composite hydrogel for angiogenic growth factor delivery. 29065727 9 62 theme nanoparticles 1124:1136 arg1 size 1116:1119 The size 1112:1119 The size of nanoparticles 1112:1136 The size of nanoparticles was evaluated and the profile of bFGF release from the hydrogel and its effect on the viability of fibroblast cells was studied. 29065727 9 63 theme effect 1210:1215 arg1 profile 1160:1166 the profile 1156:1166 the profile of bFGF release from the hydrogel and its effect on the viability of fibroblast cells 1156:1252 The size of nanoparticles was evaluated and the profile of bFGF release from the hydrogel and its effect on the viability of fibroblast cells was studied. 29065727 3 64 theme Gelatin 362:368 arg1 hydrogel 391:398 Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel 362:398 Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel 362:398 Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel, a photocrosslinkable biomaterial possessing tunable properties, has been widely used in tissue engineering. 29065727 3 64 theme Gelatin 362:368 arg1 biomaterial 422:432 a photocrosslinkable biomaterial 401:432 a photocrosslinkable biomaterial possessing tunable properties 401:462 Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel, a photocrosslinkable biomaterial possessing tunable properties, has been widely used in tissue engineering. 29065727 9 65 from hydrogel 1193:1200 arg1 effect 1210:1215 its effect 1206:1215 its effect on the viability of fibroblast cells 1206:1252 The size of nanoparticles was evaluated and the profile of bFGF release from the hydrogel and its effect on the viability of fibroblast cells was studied. 29065727 9 65 from hydrogel 1193:1200 arg1 profile 1160:1166 the profile 1156:1166 the profile of bFGF release from the hydrogel and its effect on the viability of fibroblast cells 1156:1252 The size of nanoparticles was evaluated and the profile of bFGF release from the hydrogel and its effect on the viability of fibroblast cells was studied. 29065727 9 65 from hydrogel 1193:1200 arg1 release 1176:1182 bFGF release 1171:1182 bFGF release from the hydrogel 1171:1200 The size of nanoparticles was evaluated and the profile of bFGF release from the hydrogel and its effect on the viability of fibroblast cells was studied. 29065727 10 66 theme bFGF 1437:1440 arg1 release 1442:1448 bFGF release 1437:1448 bFGF release 1437:1448 The results showed that GelMA/chitosan nanoparticles can significantly promote cell proliferation due to its biocompatible structure and providing a sustained profile of bFGF release. 26572473 6 0 theme high 1142:1145 arg1 rate 1156:1159 high freezing rate 1142:1159 high freezing rate (10 cm min(-1)) 1142:1175 Due to less ice dendrites and thicker lamellas being formed under low freezing rate, the CNTs/CHI composite foams prepared under low freezing rate (6 mm min(-1)) possesses better mechanical properties than those prepared under high freezing rate (10 cm min(-1)). 26572473 9 1 with foams 1572:1576 arg1 density 1588:1594 high density 1583:1594 high density (0.02 g cm(-3)) 1583:1610 The CNTs/CHI composite foams with high density (0.02 g cm(-3)) possess better elasticity and mechanical strength than the ones with low density (0.01 g cm(-3)). 26572473 6 2 theme low 981:983 arg1 rate 994:997 low freezing rate 981:997 low freezing rate 981:997 Due to less ice dendrites and thicker lamellas being formed under low freezing rate, the CNTs/CHI composite foams prepared under low freezing rate (6 mm min(-1)) possesses better mechanical properties than those prepared under high freezing rate (10 cm min(-1)). 26572473 7 3 theme composite 1246:1254 arg1 ability 1226:1232 the recovery ability 1213:1232 the recovery ability of CNTs/CHI composite 1213:1254 With the increasing CNTs fraction, the recovery ability of CNTs/CHI composite increases and achieves the maximum at a critical point, and then decreases dramatically due to the inadequate chitosan matrix and aggregation of CNTs. 26572473 1 4 theme freeze 302:307 arg1 drying 309:314 subsequent freeze drying 291:314 subsequent freeze drying 291:314 Carbon nanotubes/chitosan (CNTs/CHI) composite foams with ordered lamellar structure were prepared by unidirectionally freezing a dispersion of CNTs in chitosan aqueous solution and subsequent freeze drying. 26572473 5 5 theme CNTs/CHI 889:896 arg1 foams 908:912 CNTs/CHI composite foams 889:912 CNTs/CHI composite foams 889:912 Freezing rate, fraction of CNTs and density are the important factors affecting on the micro morphology, elasticity and mechanical strength of CNTs/CHI composite foams. 26572473 6 6 theme low 1044:1046 arg1 rate 1057:1060 low freezing rate 1044:1060 low freezing rate (6 mm min(-1)) 1044:1075 Due to less ice dendrites and thicker lamellas being formed under low freezing rate, the CNTs/CHI composite foams prepared under low freezing rate (6 mm min(-1)) possesses better mechanical properties than those prepared under high freezing rate (10 cm min(-1)). 26572473 6 6 theme low 1044:1046 arg1 min 1068:1070 6 mm min(-1) 1063:1074 6 mm min(-1) 1063:1074 Due to less ice dendrites and thicker lamellas being formed under low freezing rate, the CNTs/CHI composite foams prepared under low freezing rate (6 mm min(-1)) possesses better mechanical properties than those prepared under high freezing rate (10 cm min(-1)). 26572473 5 7 dep morphology 839:848 arg1 the 829:831 the 829:831 the 829:831 Freezing rate, fraction of CNTs and density are the important factors affecting on the micro morphology, elasticity and mechanical strength of CNTs/CHI composite foams. 26572473 7 8 theme CNTs 1401:1404 arg1 aggregation 1386:1396 aggregation 1386:1396 aggregation 1386:1396 With the increasing CNTs fraction, the recovery ability of CNTs/CHI composite increases and achieves the maximum at a critical point, and then decreases dramatically due to the inadequate chitosan matrix and aggregation of CNTs. 26572473 7 8 theme CNTs 1401:1404 arg1 matrix 1375:1380 inadequate chitosan matrix 1355:1380 inadequate chitosan matrix 1355:1380 With the increasing CNTs fraction, the recovery ability of CNTs/CHI composite increases and achieves the maximum at a critical point, and then decreases dramatically due to the inadequate chitosan matrix and aggregation of CNTs. 26572473 4 9 theme chitosan 730:737 arg1 foams 739:743 the pure chitosan foams 721:743 the pure chitosan foams 721:743 The produced CNTs/CHI composite foams have better recoverability and improved elastic properties compared with the pure chitosan foams. 26572473 9 10 dep density 1588:1594 arg1 -3 1607:1608 -3 1607:1608 -3 1607:1608 The CNTs/CHI composite foams with high density (0.02 g cm(-3)) possess better elasticity and mechanical strength than the ones with low density (0.01 g cm(-3)). 26572473 9 10 dep density 1588:1594 arg1 cm 1604:1605 0.02 g cm 1597:1605 0.02 g cm(-3) 1597:1609 The CNTs/CHI composite foams with high density (0.02 g cm(-3)) possess better elasticity and mechanical strength than the ones with low density (0.01 g cm(-3)). 26572473 6 11 theme composite 1013:1021 arg1 foams 1023:1027 the CNTs/CHI composite foams 1000:1027 the CNTs/CHI composite foams prepared under low freezing rate (6 mm min(-1)) 1000:1075 Due to less ice dendrites and thicker lamellas being formed under low freezing rate, the CNTs/CHI composite foams prepared under low freezing rate (6 mm min(-1)) possesses better mechanical properties than those prepared under high freezing rate (10 cm min(-1)). 26572473 7 12 theme inadequate 1355:1364 arg1 matrix 1375:1380 inadequate chitosan matrix 1355:1380 inadequate chitosan matrix 1355:1380 With the increasing CNTs fraction, the recovery ability of CNTs/CHI composite increases and achieves the maximum at a critical point, and then decreases dramatically due to the inadequate chitosan matrix and aggregation of CNTs. 26572473 5 13 theme CNTs 773:776 arg1 density 782:788 density 782:788 density 782:788 Freezing rate, fraction of CNTs and density are the important factors affecting on the micro morphology, elasticity and mechanical strength of CNTs/CHI composite foams. 26572473 5 13 theme CNTs 773:776 arg1 factors 808:814 the important factors 794:814 the important factors affecting on the micro morphology, elasticity and mechanical strength of CNTs/CHI composite foams 794:912 Freezing rate, fraction of CNTs and density are the important factors affecting on the micro morphology, elasticity and mechanical strength of CNTs/CHI composite foams. 26572473 5 13 theme CNTs 773:776 arg1 fraction 761:768 fraction 761:768 fraction of CNTs 761:776 Freezing rate, fraction of CNTs and density are the important factors affecting on the micro morphology, elasticity and mechanical strength of CNTs/CHI composite foams. 26572473 5 13 theme CNTs 773:776 arg1 rate 755:758 Freezing rate 746:758 Freezing rate 746:758 Freezing rate, fraction of CNTs and density are the important factors affecting on the micro morphology, elasticity and mechanical strength of CNTs/CHI composite foams. 26572473 7 14 theme CNTs/CHI 1237:1244 arg1 composite 1246:1254 CNTs/CHI composite 1237:1254 CNTs/CHI composite 1237:1254 With the increasing CNTs fraction, the recovery ability of CNTs/CHI composite increases and achieves the maximum at a critical point, and then decreases dramatically due to the inadequate chitosan matrix and aggregation of CNTs. 26572473 9 15 with ones 1671:1674 arg1 density 1685:1691 low density 1681:1691 low density (0.01 g cm(-3)) 1681:1707 The CNTs/CHI composite foams with high density (0.02 g cm(-3)) possess better elasticity and mechanical strength than the ones with low density (0.01 g cm(-3)). 26572473 1 16 theme ordered 167:173 arg1 structure 184:192 ordered lamellar structure 167:192 ordered lamellar structure 167:192 Carbon nanotubes/chitosan (CNTs/CHI) composite foams with ordered lamellar structure were prepared by unidirectionally freezing a dispersion of CNTs in chitosan aqueous solution and subsequent freeze drying. 26572473 2 17 dep structure 321:329 arg1 The 317:319 The 317:319 The 317:319 The structure and thermal stability of the composite foams have been characterized by wide-angle X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetry analysis. 26572473 0 18 theme elastic 91:97 arg1 property 99:106 enhanced elastic property 82:106 enhanced elastic property 82:106 Preparation and characterization of carbon nanotubes/chitosan composite foam with enhanced elastic property. 26572473 6 19 contain possesses 1077:1085 arg1 foams 1023:1027 the CNTs/CHI composite foams 1000:1027 the CNTs/CHI composite foams prepared under low freezing rate (6 mm min(-1)) 1000:1075 Due to less ice dendrites and thicker lamellas being formed under low freezing rate, the CNTs/CHI composite foams prepared under low freezing rate (6 mm min(-1)) possesses better mechanical properties than those prepared under high freezing rate (10 cm min(-1)). 26572473 6 19 contain possesses 1077:1085 arg2 properties 1105:1114 better mechanical properties 1087:1114 better mechanical properties than those prepared under high freezing rate (10 cm min(-1)) 1087:1175 Due to less ice dendrites and thicker lamellas being formed under low freezing rate, the CNTs/CHI composite foams prepared under low freezing rate (6 mm min(-1)) possesses better mechanical properties than those prepared under high freezing rate (10 cm min(-1)). 26572473 1 20 with foams 156:160 arg1 structure 184:192 ordered lamellar structure 167:192 ordered lamellar structure 167:192 Carbon nanotubes/chitosan (CNTs/CHI) composite foams with ordered lamellar structure were prepared by unidirectionally freezing a dispersion of CNTs in chitosan aqueous solution and subsequent freeze drying. 26572473 9 21 dep better 1620:1625 arg1 elasticity 1627:1636 elasticity 1627:1636 elasticity 1627:1636 The CNTs/CHI composite foams with high density (0.02 g cm(-3)) possess better elasticity and mechanical strength than the ones with low density (0.01 g cm(-3)). 26572473 9 21 dep better 1620:1625 arg1 strength 1653:1660 mechanical strength 1642:1660 mechanical strength 1642:1660 The CNTs/CHI composite foams with high density (0.02 g cm(-3)) possess better elasticity and mechanical strength than the ones with low density (0.01 g cm(-3)). 26572473 7 22 theme increasing 1187:1196 arg1 fraction 1203:1210 the increasing CNTs fraction 1183:1210 the increasing CNTs fraction 1183:1210 With the increasing CNTs fraction, the recovery ability of CNTs/CHI composite increases and achieves the maximum at a critical point, and then decreases dramatically due to the inadequate chitosan matrix and aggregation of CNTs. 26572473 1 23 theme Carbon 109:114 arg1 CNTs/CHI 136:143 CNTs/CHI 136:143 CNTs/CHI 136:143 Carbon nanotubes/chitosan (CNTs/CHI) composite foams with ordered lamellar structure were prepared by unidirectionally freezing a dispersion of CNTs in chitosan aqueous solution and subsequent freeze drying. 26572473 1 23 theme Carbon 109:114 arg1 nanotubes/chitosan 116:133 Carbon nanotubes/chitosan 109:133 Carbon nanotubes/chitosan (CNTs/CHI) composite foams with ordered lamellar structure 109:192 Carbon nanotubes/chitosan (CNTs/CHI) composite foams with ordered lamellar structure were prepared by unidirectionally freezing a dispersion of CNTs in chitosan aqueous solution and subsequent freeze drying. 26572473 2 24 theme electron 483:490 arg1 microscopy 492:501 scanning electron microscopy 474:501 scanning electron microscopy 474:501 The structure and thermal stability of the composite foams have been characterized by wide-angle X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetry analysis. 26572473 4 25 theme produced 614:621 arg1 foams 642:646 The produced CNTs/CHI composite foams 610:646 The produced CNTs/CHI composite foams 610:646 The produced CNTs/CHI composite foams have better recoverability and improved elastic properties compared with the pure chitosan foams. 26572473 5 26 theme foams 908:912 arg1 elasticity 851:860 elasticity 851:860 elasticity 851:860 Freezing rate, fraction of CNTs and density are the important factors affecting on the micro morphology, elasticity and mechanical strength of CNTs/CHI composite foams. 26572473 5 26 theme foams 908:912 arg1 strength 877:884 mechanical strength 866:884 mechanical strength 866:884 Freezing rate, fraction of CNTs and density are the important factors affecting on the micro morphology, elasticity and mechanical strength of CNTs/CHI composite foams. 26572473 5 26 theme foams 908:912 arg1 morphology 839:848 micro morphology 833:848 micro morphology 833:848 Freezing rate, fraction of CNTs and density are the important factors affecting on the micro morphology, elasticity and mechanical strength of CNTs/CHI composite foams. 26572473 6 27 theme thicker 945:951 arg1 lamellas 953:960 thicker lamellas 945:960 thicker lamellas being formed under low freezing rate 945:997 Due to less ice dendrites and thicker lamellas being formed under low freezing rate, the CNTs/CHI composite foams prepared under low freezing rate (6 mm min(-1)) possesses better mechanical properties than those prepared under high freezing rate (10 cm min(-1)). 26572473 6 28 theme better 1087:1092 arg1 properties 1105:1114 better mechanical properties 1087:1114 better mechanical properties than those prepared under high freezing rate (10 cm min(-1)) 1087:1175 Due to less ice dendrites and thicker lamellas being formed under low freezing rate, the CNTs/CHI composite foams prepared under low freezing rate (6 mm min(-1)) possesses better mechanical properties than those prepared under high freezing rate (10 cm min(-1)). 26572473 4 29 theme composite 632:640 arg1 foams 642:646 The produced CNTs/CHI composite foams 610:646 The produced CNTs/CHI composite foams 610:646 The produced CNTs/CHI composite foams have better recoverability and improved elastic properties compared with the pure chitosan foams. 26572473 8 30 with samples 1501:1507 arg1 density 1514:1520 density 1514:1520 density of 0.02 and 0.01 g cm(-3) 1514:1546 The critical point herein appears at the CNTs fraction ≥ 0.5 and ≥ 0.3, respectively, for the samples with density of 0.02 and 0.01 g cm(-3). 26572473 0 31 theme carbon 36:41 arg1 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 Preparation and characterization of carbon nanotubes/chitosan composite foam with enhanced elastic property. 26572473 0 31 theme carbon 36:41 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and characterization of carbon nanotubes/chitosan composite foam with enhanced elastic property. 26572473 2 32 theme thermogravimetry 508:523 arg1 analysis 525:532 thermogravimetry analysis 508:532 thermogravimetry analysis 508:532 The structure and thermal stability of the composite foams have been characterized by wide-angle X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetry analysis. 26572473 8 33 theme g 1539:1539 arg1 cm 1541:1542 0.02 and 0.01 g cm 1525:1542 0.02 and 0.01 g cm(-3) 1525:1546 The critical point herein appears at the CNTs fraction ≥ 0.5 and ≥ 0.3, respectively, for the samples with density of 0.02 and 0.01 g cm(-3). 26572473 8 33 theme g 1539:1539 arg1 -3 1544:1545 -3 1544:1545 -3 1544:1545 The critical point herein appears at the CNTs fraction ≥ 0.5 and ≥ 0.3, respectively, for the samples with density of 0.02 and 0.01 g cm(-3). 26572473 5 34 theme micro 833:837 arg1 morphology 839:848 micro morphology 833:848 micro morphology 833:848 Freezing rate, fraction of CNTs and density are the important factors affecting on the micro morphology, elasticity and mechanical strength of CNTs/CHI composite foams. 26572473 6 35 dep rate 1156:1159 arg1 -1 1172:1173 -1 1172:1173 -1 1172:1173 Due to less ice dendrites and thicker lamellas being formed under low freezing rate, the CNTs/CHI composite foams prepared under low freezing rate (6 mm min(-1)) possesses better mechanical properties than those prepared under high freezing rate (10 cm min(-1)). 26572473 6 35 dep rate 1156:1159 arg1 min 1168:1170 10 cm min 1162:1170 10 cm min(-1) 1162:1174 Due to less ice dendrites and thicker lamellas being formed under low freezing rate, the CNTs/CHI composite foams prepared under low freezing rate (6 mm min(-1)) possesses better mechanical properties than those prepared under high freezing rate (10 cm min(-1)). 26572473 3 36 theme elastic 545:551 arg1 behaviors 553:561 their elastic behaviors 539:561 their elastic behaviors 539:561 And their elastic behaviors were investigated by cyclic compression tests. 26572473 0 37 theme composite 62:70 arg1 foam 72:75 composite foam 62:75 composite foam 62:75 Preparation and characterization of carbon nanotubes/chitosan composite foam with enhanced elastic property. 26572473 9 38 theme CNTs/CHI 1553:1560 arg1 foams 1572:1576 The CNTs/CHI composite foams 1549:1576 The CNTs/CHI composite foams with high density (0.02 g cm(-3)) 1549:1610 The CNTs/CHI composite foams with high density (0.02 g cm(-3)) possess better elasticity and mechanical strength than the ones with low density (0.01 g cm(-3)). 26572473 6 39 theme cm 1165:1166 arg1 -1 1172:1173 -1 1172:1173 -1 1172:1173 Due to less ice dendrites and thicker lamellas being formed under low freezing rate, the CNTs/CHI composite foams prepared under low freezing rate (6 mm min(-1)) possesses better mechanical properties than those prepared under high freezing rate (10 cm min(-1)). 26572473 6 39 theme cm 1165:1166 arg1 min 1168:1170 10 cm min 1162:1170 10 cm min(-1) 1162:1174 Due to less ice dendrites and thicker lamellas being formed under low freezing rate, the CNTs/CHI composite foams prepared under low freezing rate (6 mm min(-1)) possesses better mechanical properties than those prepared under high freezing rate (10 cm min(-1)). 26572473 2 40 theme composite 360:368 arg1 foams 370:374 the composite foams 356:374 the composite foams 356:374 The structure and thermal stability of the composite foams have been characterized by wide-angle X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetry analysis. 26572473 1 41 theme CNTs 253:256 arg1 dispersion 239:248 a dispersion 237:248 a dispersion of CNTs 237:256 Carbon nanotubes/chitosan (CNTs/CHI) composite foams with ordered lamellar structure were prepared by unidirectionally freezing a dispersion of CNTs in chitosan aqueous solution and subsequent freeze drying. 26572473 4 42 theme improved 679:686 arg1 properties 696:705 better recoverability and improved elastic properties 653:705 better recoverability and improved elastic properties 653:705 The produced CNTs/CHI composite foams have better recoverability and improved elastic properties compared with the pure chitosan foams. 26572473 2 43 dep Fourier 433:439 arg1 transform 441:449 transform 441:449 transform infrared spectroscopy 441:471 The structure and thermal stability of the composite foams have been characterized by wide-angle X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetry analysis. 26572473 2 44 theme wide-angle 403:412 arg1 diffraction 420:430 wide-angle X-ray diffraction 403:430 wide-angle X-ray diffraction 403:430 The structure and thermal stability of the composite foams have been characterized by wide-angle X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetry analysis. 26572473 1 45 theme chitosan 261:268 arg1 solution 278:285 chitosan aqueous solution 261:285 chitosan aqueous solution 261:285 Carbon nanotubes/chitosan (CNTs/CHI) composite foams with ordered lamellar structure were prepared by unidirectionally freezing a dispersion of CNTs in chitosan aqueous solution and subsequent freeze drying. 26572473 9 46 theme high 1583:1586 arg1 density 1588:1594 high density 1583:1594 high density (0.02 g cm(-3)) 1583:1610 The CNTs/CHI composite foams with high density (0.02 g cm(-3)) possess better elasticity and mechanical strength than the ones with low density (0.01 g cm(-3)). 26572473 6 47 theme freezing 1147:1154 arg1 rate 1156:1159 high freezing rate 1142:1159 high freezing rate (10 cm min(-1)) 1142:1175 Due to less ice dendrites and thicker lamellas being formed under low freezing rate, the CNTs/CHI composite foams prepared under low freezing rate (6 mm min(-1)) possesses better mechanical properties than those prepared under high freezing rate (10 cm min(-1)). 26572473 6 48 theme freezing 985:992 arg1 rate 994:997 low freezing rate 981:997 low freezing rate 981:997 Due to less ice dendrites and thicker lamellas being formed under low freezing rate, the CNTs/CHI composite foams prepared under low freezing rate (6 mm min(-1)) possesses better mechanical properties than those prepared under high freezing rate (10 cm min(-1)). 26572473 5 49 theme Freezing 746:753 arg1 density 782:788 density 782:788 density 782:788 Freezing rate, fraction of CNTs and density are the important factors affecting on the micro morphology, elasticity and mechanical strength of CNTs/CHI composite foams. 26572473 5 49 theme Freezing 746:753 arg1 fraction 761:768 fraction 761:768 fraction of CNTs 761:776 Freezing rate, fraction of CNTs and density are the important factors affecting on the micro morphology, elasticity and mechanical strength of CNTs/CHI composite foams. 26572473 5 49 theme Freezing 746:753 arg1 factors 808:814 the important factors 794:814 the important factors affecting on the micro morphology, elasticity and mechanical strength of CNTs/CHI composite foams 794:912 Freezing rate, fraction of CNTs and density are the important factors affecting on the micro morphology, elasticity and mechanical strength of CNTs/CHI composite foams. 26572473 5 49 theme Freezing 746:753 arg1 rate 755:758 Freezing rate 746:758 Freezing rate 746:758 Freezing rate, fraction of CNTs and density are the important factors affecting on the micro morphology, elasticity and mechanical strength of CNTs/CHI composite foams. 26572473 8 50 theme critical 1411:1418 arg1 point 1420:1424 The critical point 1407:1424 The critical point 1407:1424 The critical point herein appears at the CNTs fraction ≥ 0.5 and ≥ 0.3, respectively, for the samples with density of 0.02 and 0.01 g cm(-3). 26572473 1 51 theme subsequent 291:300 arg1 drying 309:314 subsequent freeze drying 291:314 subsequent freeze drying 291:314 Carbon nanotubes/chitosan (CNTs/CHI) composite foams with ordered lamellar structure were prepared by unidirectionally freezing a dispersion of CNTs in chitosan aqueous solution and subsequent freeze drying. 26572473 9 52 theme g 1602:1602 arg1 -3 1607:1608 -3 1607:1608 -3 1607:1608 The CNTs/CHI composite foams with high density (0.02 g cm(-3)) possess better elasticity and mechanical strength than the ones with low density (0.01 g cm(-3)). 26572473 9 52 theme g 1602:1602 arg1 cm 1604:1605 0.02 g cm 1597:1605 0.02 g cm(-3) 1597:1609 The CNTs/CHI composite foams with high density (0.02 g cm(-3)) possess better elasticity and mechanical strength than the ones with low density (0.01 g cm(-3)). 26572473 4 53 theme recoverability 660:673 arg1 properties 696:705 better recoverability and improved elastic properties 653:705 better recoverability and improved elastic properties 653:705 The produced CNTs/CHI composite foams have better recoverability and improved elastic properties compared with the pure chitosan foams. 26572473 3 54 theme compression 591:601 arg1 tests 603:607 cyclic compression tests 584:607 cyclic compression tests 584:607 And their elastic behaviors were investigated by cyclic compression tests. 26572473 7 55 dep matrix 1375:1380 arg1 the 1351:1353 the 1351:1353 the 1351:1353 With the increasing CNTs fraction, the recovery ability of CNTs/CHI composite increases and achieves the maximum at a critical point, and then decreases dramatically due to the inadequate chitosan matrix and aggregation of CNTs. 26572473 6 56 theme freezing 1048:1055 arg1 rate 1057:1060 low freezing rate 1044:1060 low freezing rate (6 mm min(-1)) 1044:1075 Due to less ice dendrites and thicker lamellas being formed under low freezing rate, the CNTs/CHI composite foams prepared under low freezing rate (6 mm min(-1)) possesses better mechanical properties than those prepared under high freezing rate (10 cm min(-1)). 26572473 6 56 theme freezing 1048:1055 arg1 min 1068:1070 6 mm min(-1) 1063:1074 6 mm min(-1) 1063:1074 Due to less ice dendrites and thicker lamellas being formed under low freezing rate, the CNTs/CHI composite foams prepared under low freezing rate (6 mm min(-1)) possesses better mechanical properties than those prepared under high freezing rate (10 cm min(-1)). 26572473 2 57 theme thermal 335:341 arg1 stability 343:351 thermal stability 335:351 thermal stability 335:351 The structure and thermal stability of the composite foams have been characterized by wide-angle X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetry analysis. 26572473 8 58 theme CNTs 1448:1451 arg1 fraction 1453:1460 the CNTs fraction 1444:1460 the CNTs fraction ≥ 0.5 and ≥ 0.3, respectively, for the samples with density of 0.02 and 0.01 g cm(-3) 1444:1546 The critical point herein appears at the CNTs fraction ≥ 0.5 and ≥ 0.3, respectively, for the samples with density of 0.02 and 0.01 g cm(-3). 26572473 4 59 theme pure 725:728 arg1 foams 739:743 the pure chitosan foams 721:743 the pure chitosan foams 721:743 The produced CNTs/CHI composite foams have better recoverability and improved elastic properties compared with the pure chitosan foams. 26572473 4 60 contain have 648:651 arg2 properties 696:705 better recoverability and improved elastic properties 653:705 better recoverability and improved elastic properties 653:705 The produced CNTs/CHI composite foams have better recoverability and improved elastic properties compared with the pure chitosan foams. 26572473 4 60 contain have 648:651 arg1 foams 642:646 The produced CNTs/CHI composite foams 610:646 The produced CNTs/CHI composite foams 610:646 The produced CNTs/CHI composite foams have better recoverability and improved elastic properties compared with the pure chitosan foams. 26572473 6 61 theme CNTs/CHI 1004:1011 arg1 foams 1023:1027 the CNTs/CHI composite foams 1000:1027 the CNTs/CHI composite foams prepared under low freezing rate (6 mm min(-1)) 1000:1075 Due to less ice dendrites and thicker lamellas being formed under low freezing rate, the CNTs/CHI composite foams prepared under low freezing rate (6 mm min(-1)) possesses better mechanical properties than those prepared under high freezing rate (10 cm min(-1)). 26572473 9 62 theme mechanical 1642:1651 arg1 strength 1653:1660 mechanical strength 1642:1660 mechanical strength 1642:1660 The CNTs/CHI composite foams with high density (0.02 g cm(-3)) possess better elasticity and mechanical strength than the ones with low density (0.01 g cm(-3)). 26572473 9 63 dep density 1685:1691 arg1 -3 1704:1705 -3 1704:1705 -3 1704:1705 The CNTs/CHI composite foams with high density (0.02 g cm(-3)) possess better elasticity and mechanical strength than the ones with low density (0.01 g cm(-3)). 26572473 9 63 dep density 1685:1691 arg1 cm 1701:1702 0.01 g cm 1694:1702 0.01 g cm(-3) 1694:1706 The CNTs/CHI composite foams with high density (0.02 g cm(-3)) possess better elasticity and mechanical strength than the ones with low density (0.01 g cm(-3)). 26572473 1 64 theme composite 146:154 arg1 foams 156:160 Carbon nanotubes/chitosan (CNTs/CHI) composite foams 109:160 Carbon nanotubes/chitosan (CNTs/CHI) composite foams with ordered lamellar structure 109:192 Carbon nanotubes/chitosan (CNTs/CHI) composite foams with ordered lamellar structure were prepared by unidirectionally freezing a dispersion of CNTs in chitosan aqueous solution and subsequent freeze drying. 26572473 7 65 theme chitosan 1366:1373 arg1 matrix 1375:1380 inadequate chitosan matrix 1355:1380 inadequate chitosan matrix 1355:1380 With the increasing CNTs fraction, the recovery ability of CNTs/CHI composite increases and achieves the maximum at a critical point, and then decreases dramatically due to the inadequate chitosan matrix and aggregation of CNTs. 26572473 0 66 theme enhanced 82:89 arg1 property 99:106 enhanced elastic property 82:106 enhanced elastic property 82:106 Preparation and characterization of carbon nanotubes/chitosan composite foam with enhanced elastic property. 26572473 7 67 theme recovery 1217:1224 arg1 ability 1226:1232 the recovery ability 1213:1232 the recovery ability of CNTs/CHI composite 1213:1254 With the increasing CNTs fraction, the recovery ability of CNTs/CHI composite increases and achieves the maximum at a critical point, and then decreases dramatically due to the inadequate chitosan matrix and aggregation of CNTs. 26572473 1 68 theme lamellar 175:182 arg1 structure 184:192 ordered lamellar structure 167:192 ordered lamellar structure 167:192 Carbon nanotubes/chitosan (CNTs/CHI) composite foams with ordered lamellar structure were prepared by unidirectionally freezing a dispersion of CNTs in chitosan aqueous solution and subsequent freeze drying. 26572473 6 69 theme mm 1065:1066 arg1 rate 1057:1060 low freezing rate 1044:1060 low freezing rate (6 mm min(-1)) 1044:1075 Due to less ice dendrites and thicker lamellas being formed under low freezing rate, the CNTs/CHI composite foams prepared under low freezing rate (6 mm min(-1)) possesses better mechanical properties than those prepared under high freezing rate (10 cm min(-1)). 26572473 6 69 theme mm 1065:1066 arg1 min 1068:1070 6 mm min(-1) 1063:1074 6 mm min(-1) 1063:1074 Due to less ice dendrites and thicker lamellas being formed under low freezing rate, the CNTs/CHI composite foams prepared under low freezing rate (6 mm min(-1)) possesses better mechanical properties than those prepared under high freezing rate (10 cm min(-1)). 26572473 9 70 theme low 1681:1683 arg1 density 1685:1691 low density 1681:1691 low density (0.01 g cm(-3)) 1681:1707 The CNTs/CHI composite foams with high density (0.02 g cm(-3)) possess better elasticity and mechanical strength than the ones with low density (0.01 g cm(-3)). 26572473 5 71 theme important 798:806 arg1 density 782:788 density 782:788 density 782:788 Freezing rate, fraction of CNTs and density are the important factors affecting on the micro morphology, elasticity and mechanical strength of CNTs/CHI composite foams. 26572473 5 71 theme important 798:806 arg1 fraction 761:768 fraction 761:768 fraction of CNTs 761:776 Freezing rate, fraction of CNTs and density are the important factors affecting on the micro morphology, elasticity and mechanical strength of CNTs/CHI composite foams. 26572473 5 71 theme important 798:806 arg1 factors 808:814 the important factors 794:814 the important factors affecting on the micro morphology, elasticity and mechanical strength of CNTs/CHI composite foams 794:912 Freezing rate, fraction of CNTs and density are the important factors affecting on the micro morphology, elasticity and mechanical strength of CNTs/CHI composite foams. 26572473 5 71 theme important 798:806 arg1 rate 755:758 Freezing rate 746:758 Freezing rate 746:758 Freezing rate, fraction of CNTs and density are the important factors affecting on the micro morphology, elasticity and mechanical strength of CNTs/CHI composite foams. 26572473 7 72 theme CNTs 1198:1201 arg1 fraction 1203:1210 the increasing CNTs fraction 1183:1210 the increasing CNTs fraction 1183:1210 With the increasing CNTs fraction, the recovery ability of CNTs/CHI composite increases and achieves the maximum at a critical point, and then decreases dramatically due to the inadequate chitosan matrix and aggregation of CNTs. 26572473 9 73 theme g 1699:1699 arg1 -3 1704:1705 -3 1704:1705 -3 1704:1705 The CNTs/CHI composite foams with high density (0.02 g cm(-3)) possess better elasticity and mechanical strength than the ones with low density (0.01 g cm(-3)). 26572473 9 73 theme g 1699:1699 arg1 cm 1701:1702 0.01 g cm 1694:1702 0.01 g cm(-3) 1694:1706 The CNTs/CHI composite foams with high density (0.02 g cm(-3)) possess better elasticity and mechanical strength than the ones with low density (0.01 g cm(-3)). 26572473 4 74 theme CNTs/CHI 623:630 arg1 foams 642:646 The produced CNTs/CHI composite foams 610:646 The produced CNTs/CHI composite foams 610:646 The produced CNTs/CHI composite foams have better recoverability and improved elastic properties compared with the pure chitosan foams. 26572473 2 75 theme X-ray 414:418 arg1 diffraction 420:430 wide-angle X-ray diffraction 403:430 wide-angle X-ray diffraction 403:430 The structure and thermal stability of the composite foams have been characterized by wide-angle X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetry analysis. 26572473 5 76 theme composite 898:906 arg1 foams 908:912 CNTs/CHI composite foams 889:912 CNTs/CHI composite foams 889:912 Freezing rate, fraction of CNTs and density are the important factors affecting on the micro morphology, elasticity and mechanical strength of CNTs/CHI composite foams. 26572473 1 77 theme nanotubes/chitosan 116:133 arg1 foams 156:160 Carbon nanotubes/chitosan (CNTs/CHI) composite foams 109:160 Carbon nanotubes/chitosan (CNTs/CHI) composite foams with ordered lamellar structure 109:192 Carbon nanotubes/chitosan (CNTs/CHI) composite foams with ordered lamellar structure were prepared by unidirectionally freezing a dispersion of CNTs in chitosan aqueous solution and subsequent freeze drying. 26572473 6 78 theme mechanical 1094:1103 arg1 properties 1105:1114 better mechanical properties 1087:1114 better mechanical properties than those prepared under high freezing rate (10 cm min(-1)) 1087:1175 Due to less ice dendrites and thicker lamellas being formed under low freezing rate, the CNTs/CHI composite foams prepared under low freezing rate (6 mm min(-1)) possesses better mechanical properties than those prepared under high freezing rate (10 cm min(-1)). 26572473 2 79 theme scanning 474:481 arg1 microscopy 492:501 scanning electron microscopy 474:501 scanning electron microscopy 474:501 The structure and thermal stability of the composite foams have been characterized by wide-angle X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetry analysis. 26572473 8 80 dep 0.5 1464:1466 arg1 0.3 1474:1476 0.3 1474:1476 0.3 1474:1476 The critical point herein appears at the CNTs fraction ≥ 0.5 and ≥ 0.3, respectively, for the samples with density of 0.02 and 0.01 g cm(-3). 26572473 7 81 theme critical 1296:1303 arg1 point 1305:1309 a critical point 1294:1309 a critical point 1294:1309 With the increasing CNTs fraction, the recovery ability of CNTs/CHI composite increases and achieves the maximum at a critical point, and then decreases dramatically due to the inadequate chitosan matrix and aggregation of CNTs. 26572473 8 82 theme cm 1541:1542 arg1 density 1514:1520 density 1514:1520 density of 0.02 and 0.01 g cm(-3) 1514:1546 The critical point herein appears at the CNTs fraction ≥ 0.5 and ≥ 0.3, respectively, for the samples with density of 0.02 and 0.01 g cm(-3). 26572473 2 83 dep transform 441:449 arg1 infrared 451:458 infrared 451:458 transform infrared spectroscopy 441:471 The structure and thermal stability of the composite foams have been characterized by wide-angle X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetry analysis. 26572473 5 84 theme mechanical 866:875 arg1 strength 877:884 mechanical strength 866:884 mechanical strength 866:884 Freezing rate, fraction of CNTs and density are the important factors affecting on the micro morphology, elasticity and mechanical strength of CNTs/CHI composite foams. 26572473 6 85 theme ice 927:929 arg1 dendrites 931:939 less ice dendrites 922:939 less ice dendrites 922:939 Due to less ice dendrites and thicker lamellas being formed under low freezing rate, the CNTs/CHI composite foams prepared under low freezing rate (6 mm min(-1)) possesses better mechanical properties than those prepared under high freezing rate (10 cm min(-1)). 26572473 7 86 from point 1305:1309 arg1 maximum 1283:1289 the maximum 1279:1289 the maximum at a critical point 1279:1309 With the increasing CNTs fraction, the recovery ability of CNTs/CHI composite increases and achieves the maximum at a critical point, and then decreases dramatically due to the inadequate chitosan matrix and aggregation of CNTs. 26572473 2 87 theme foams 370:374 arg1 structure 321:329 structure 321:329 structure 321:329 The structure and thermal stability of the composite foams have been characterized by wide-angle X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetry analysis. 26572473 2 87 theme foams 370:374 arg1 stability 343:351 thermal stability 335:351 thermal stability 335:351 The structure and thermal stability of the composite foams have been characterized by wide-angle X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetry analysis. 26572473 9 88 theme composite 1562:1570 arg1 foams 1572:1576 The CNTs/CHI composite foams 1549:1576 The CNTs/CHI composite foams with high density (0.02 g cm(-3)) 1549:1610 The CNTs/CHI composite foams with high density (0.02 g cm(-3)) possess better elasticity and mechanical strength than the ones with low density (0.01 g cm(-3)). 26572473 6 89 theme 10 1162:1163 arg1 cm 1165:1166 cm 1165:1166 cm 1165:1166 Due to less ice dendrites and thicker lamellas being formed under low freezing rate, the CNTs/CHI composite foams prepared under low freezing rate (6 mm min(-1)) possesses better mechanical properties than those prepared under high freezing rate (10 cm min(-1)). 26572473 4 90 theme elastic 688:694 arg1 properties 696:705 better recoverability and improved elastic properties 653:705 better recoverability and improved elastic properties 653:705 The produced CNTs/CHI composite foams have better recoverability and improved elastic properties compared with the pure chitosan foams. 26572473 3 91 theme cyclic 584:589 arg1 tests 603:607 cyclic compression tests 584:607 cyclic compression tests 584:607 And their elastic behaviors were investigated by cyclic compression tests. 26572473 1 92 theme aqueous 270:276 arg1 solution 278:285 chitosan aqueous solution 261:285 chitosan aqueous solution 261:285 Carbon nanotubes/chitosan (CNTs/CHI) composite foams with ordered lamellar structure were prepared by unidirectionally freezing a dispersion of CNTs in chitosan aqueous solution and subsequent freeze drying. 25617611 1 0 theme W/O/W 233:237 arg1 emulsions 249:257 water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) multiple emulsions 210:257 water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) multiple emulsions 210:257 Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) were incorporated in water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsions and emulsions, as well as water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) multiple emulsions using soybean oil. 25617611 0 1 theme soybean 88:94 arg1 oil 96:98 soybean oil 88:98 soybean oil 88:98 Cellulose nanofibrils for one-step stabilization of multiple emulsions (W/O/W) based on soybean oil. 25617611 4 2 theme smaller 697:703 arg1 size 719:722 a smaller emulsion drop size 695:722 a smaller emulsion drop size 695:722 The effects of oil type and polarity on the properties of the W/O/W emulsions were tested with limonene and octane, which compared to soybean oil produced a smaller emulsion drop size, and thus a higher emulsion viscosity. 25617611 4 3 theme W/O/W 602:606 arg1 emulsions 608:616 the W/O/W emulsions 598:616 the W/O/W emulsions 598:616 The effects of oil type and polarity on the properties of the W/O/W emulsions were tested with limonene and octane, which compared to soybean oil produced a smaller emulsion drop size, and thus a higher emulsion viscosity. 25617611 4 4 from effects 544:550 arg1 properties 584:593 the properties 580:593 the properties of the W/O/W emulsions 580:616 The effects of oil type and polarity on the properties of the W/O/W emulsions were tested with limonene and octane, which compared to soybean oil produced a smaller emulsion drop size, and thus a higher emulsion viscosity. 25617611 5 5 theme strong 905:910 arg1 behavior 927:934 strong shear thinning behavior 905:934 strong shear thinning behavior 905:934 Overall, CNF are a feasible alternative to conventional polysaccharides as stability enhancers for normal and multiple emulsions that exhibit strong shear thinning behavior. 25617611 3 6 theme effective 502:510 arg1 viscosity 512:520 effective viscosity 502:520 effective viscosity 502:520 CNF also increased the viscosity of the continuous phase and reduced the drop size both of which increased the stability and effective viscosity of the emulsions. 25617611 1 7 theme multiple 240:247 arg1 emulsions 249:257 water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) multiple emulsions 210:257 water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) multiple emulsions 210:257 Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) were incorporated in water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsions and emulsions, as well as water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) multiple emulsions using soybean oil. 25617611 1 8 theme Cellulose 101:109 arg1 CNF 124:126 CNF 124:126 CNF 124:126 Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) were incorporated in water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsions and emulsions, as well as water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) multiple emulsions using soybean oil. 25617611 1 8 theme Cellulose 101:109 arg1 nanofibrils 111:121 Cellulose nanofibrils 101:121 Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) 101:127 Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) were incorporated in water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsions and emulsions, as well as water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) multiple emulsions using soybean oil. 25617611 4 9 theme drop 714:717 arg1 size 719:722 a smaller emulsion drop size 695:722 a smaller emulsion drop size 695:722 The effects of oil type and polarity on the properties of the W/O/W emulsions were tested with limonene and octane, which compared to soybean oil produced a smaller emulsion drop size, and thus a higher emulsion viscosity. 25617611 5 10 theme feasible 782:789 arg1 CNF 772:774 CNF 772:774 CNF 772:774 Overall, CNF are a feasible alternative to conventional polysaccharides as stability enhancers for normal and multiple emulsions that exhibit strong shear thinning behavior. 25617611 5 10 theme feasible 782:789 arg1 alternative 791:801 a feasible alternative 780:801 a feasible alternative to conventional polysaccharides as stability enhancers for normal and multiple emulsions that exhibit strong shear thinning behavior 780:934 Overall, CNF are a feasible alternative to conventional polysaccharides as stability enhancers for normal and multiple emulsions that exhibit strong shear thinning behavior. 25617611 1 11 theme water-in-oil 150:161 arg1 microemulsions 169:182 water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsions 150:182 water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsions 150:182 Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) were incorporated in water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsions and emulsions, as well as water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) multiple emulsions using soybean oil. 25617611 4 12 theme emulsion 705:712 arg1 size 719:722 a smaller emulsion drop size 695:722 a smaller emulsion drop size 695:722 The effects of oil type and polarity on the properties of the W/O/W emulsions were tested with limonene and octane, which compared to soybean oil produced a smaller emulsion drop size, and thus a higher emulsion viscosity. 25617611 4 13 theme soybean 674:680 arg1 oil 682:684 soybean oil 674:684 soybean oil 674:684 The effects of oil type and polarity on the properties of the W/O/W emulsions were tested with limonene and octane, which compared to soybean oil produced a smaller emulsion drop size, and thus a higher emulsion viscosity. 25617611 1 14 theme W/O 164:166 arg1 microemulsions 169:182 water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsions 150:182 water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsions 150:182 Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) were incorporated in water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsions and emulsions, as well as water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) multiple emulsions using soybean oil. 25617611 0 15 theme Cellulose 0:8 arg1 nanofibrils 10:20 Cellulose nanofibrils 0:20 Cellulose nanofibrils for one-step stabilization of multiple emulsions (W/O/W) 0:77 Cellulose nanofibrils for one-step stabilization of multiple emulsions (W/O/W) based on soybean oil. 25617611 3 16 theme emulsions 529:537 arg1 stability 488:496 stability 488:496 stability 488:496 CNF also increased the viscosity of the continuous phase and reduced the drop size both of which increased the stability and effective viscosity of the emulsions. 25617611 3 16 theme emulsions 529:537 arg1 viscosity 512:520 effective viscosity 502:520 effective viscosity 502:520 CNF also increased the viscosity of the continuous phase and reduced the drop size both of which increased the stability and effective viscosity of the emulsions. 25617611 4 17 theme emulsions 608:616 arg1 properties 584:593 the properties 580:593 the properties of the W/O/W emulsions 580:616 The effects of oil type and polarity on the properties of the W/O/W emulsions were tested with limonene and octane, which compared to soybean oil produced a smaller emulsion drop size, and thus a higher emulsion viscosity. 25617611 0 18 theme one-step 26:33 arg1 stabilization 35:47 one-step stabilization 26:47 one-step stabilization of multiple emulsions (W/O/W) 26:77 Cellulose nanofibrils for one-step stabilization of multiple emulsions (W/O/W) based on soybean oil. 25617611 5 19 theme normal 862:867 arg1 emulsions 882:890 normal and multiple emulsions 862:890 normal and multiple emulsions that exhibit strong shear thinning behavior 862:934 Overall, CNF are a feasible alternative to conventional polysaccharides as stability enhancers for normal and multiple emulsions that exhibit strong shear thinning behavior. 25617611 3 20 theme phase 428:432 arg1 viscosity 400:408 the viscosity 396:408 the viscosity of the continuous phase 396:432 CNF also increased the viscosity of the continuous phase and reduced the drop size both of which increased the stability and effective viscosity of the emulsions. 25617611 5 21 theme multiple 873:880 arg1 emulsions 882:890 normal and multiple emulsions 862:890 normal and multiple emulsions that exhibit strong shear thinning behavior 862:934 Overall, CNF are a feasible alternative to conventional polysaccharides as stability enhancers for normal and multiple emulsions that exhibit strong shear thinning behavior. 25617611 1 22 theme soybean 265:271 arg1 oil 273:275 soybean oil 265:275 soybean oil 265:275 Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) were incorporated in water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsions and emulsions, as well as water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) multiple emulsions using soybean oil. 25617611 5 23 theme shear 912:916 arg1 behavior 927:934 strong shear thinning behavior 905:934 strong shear thinning behavior 905:934 Overall, CNF are a feasible alternative to conventional polysaccharides as stability enhancers for normal and multiple emulsions that exhibit strong shear thinning behavior. 25617611 4 24 theme higher 736:741 arg1 viscosity 752:760 a higher emulsion viscosity 734:760 a higher emulsion viscosity 734:760 The effects of oil type and polarity on the properties of the W/O/W emulsions were tested with limonene and octane, which compared to soybean oil produced a smaller emulsion drop size, and thus a higher emulsion viscosity. 25617611 2 25 theme W/O/W 360:364 arg1 emulsions 366:374 W/O/W emulsions 360:374 W/O/W emulsions 360:374 The addition of CNF to the aqueous phase expanded the composition range to obtain W/O/W emulsions. 25617611 3 26 theme continuous 417:426 arg1 phase 428:432 the continuous phase 413:432 the continuous phase 413:432 CNF also increased the viscosity of the continuous phase and reduced the drop size both of which increased the stability and effective viscosity of the emulsions. 25617611 0 27 theme emulsions 61:69 arg1 stabilization 35:47 one-step stabilization 26:47 one-step stabilization of multiple emulsions (W/O/W) 26:77 Cellulose nanofibrils for one-step stabilization of multiple emulsions (W/O/W) based on soybean oil. 25617611 2 28 theme aqueous 305:311 arg1 phase 313:317 the aqueous phase 301:317 the aqueous phase 301:317 The addition of CNF to the aqueous phase expanded the composition range to obtain W/O/W emulsions. 25617611 3 29 theme drop 450:453 arg1 size 455:458 the drop size 446:458 the drop size both of which increased the stability and effective viscosity of the emulsions 446:537 CNF also increased the viscosity of the continuous phase and reduced the drop size both of which increased the stability and effective viscosity of the emulsions. 25617611 0 30 theme multiple 52:59 arg1 W/O/W 72:76 W/O/W 72:76 W/O/W 72:76 Cellulose nanofibrils for one-step stabilization of multiple emulsions (W/O/W) based on soybean oil. 25617611 0 30 theme multiple 52:59 arg1 emulsions 61:69 multiple emulsions 52:69 multiple emulsions (W/O/W) 52:77 Cellulose nanofibrils for one-step stabilization of multiple emulsions (W/O/W) based on soybean oil. 25617611 4 31 theme emulsion 743:750 arg1 viscosity 752:760 a higher emulsion viscosity 734:760 a higher emulsion viscosity 734:760 The effects of oil type and polarity on the properties of the W/O/W emulsions were tested with limonene and octane, which compared to soybean oil produced a smaller emulsion drop size, and thus a higher emulsion viscosity. 25617611 3 32 dep stability 488:496 arg1 the 484:486 the 484:486 the 484:486 CNF also increased the viscosity of the continuous phase and reduced the drop size both of which increased the stability and effective viscosity of the emulsions. 25617611 4 33 theme type 559:562 arg1 effects 544:550 The effects 540:550 The effects of oil type and polarity on the properties of the W/O/W emulsions 540:616 The effects of oil type and polarity on the properties of the W/O/W emulsions were tested with limonene and octane, which compared to soybean oil produced a smaller emulsion drop size, and thus a higher emulsion viscosity. 25617611 5 34 theme thinning 918:925 arg1 behavior 927:934 strong shear thinning behavior 905:934 strong shear thinning behavior 905:934 Overall, CNF are a feasible alternative to conventional polysaccharides as stability enhancers for normal and multiple emulsions that exhibit strong shear thinning behavior. 25617611 5 35 theme stability 838:846 arg1 enhancers 848:856 stability enhancers 838:856 stability enhancers 838:856 Overall, CNF are a feasible alternative to conventional polysaccharides as stability enhancers for normal and multiple emulsions that exhibit strong shear thinning behavior. 25617611 2 36 theme CNF 294:296 arg1 addition 282:289 The addition 278:289 The addition of CNF to the aqueous phase 278:317 The addition of CNF to the aqueous phase expanded the composition range to obtain W/O/W emulsions. 25617611 4 37 theme oil 555:557 arg1 type 559:562 oil type 555:562 oil type 555:562 The effects of oil type and polarity on the properties of the W/O/W emulsions were tested with limonene and octane, which compared to soybean oil produced a smaller emulsion drop size, and thus a higher emulsion viscosity. 25617611 2 38 theme composition 332:342 arg1 range 344:348 the composition range 328:348 the composition range 328:348 The addition of CNF to the aqueous phase expanded the composition range to obtain W/O/W emulsions. 25617611 4 39 theme polarity 568:575 arg1 effects 544:550 The effects 540:550 The effects of oil type and polarity on the properties of the W/O/W emulsions 540:616 The effects of oil type and polarity on the properties of the W/O/W emulsions were tested with limonene and octane, which compared to soybean oil produced a smaller emulsion drop size, and thus a higher emulsion viscosity. 25617611 5 40 theme conventional 806:817 arg1 polysaccharides 819:833 conventional polysaccharides 806:833 conventional polysaccharides as stability enhancers 806:856 Overall, CNF are a feasible alternative to conventional polysaccharides as stability enhancers for normal and multiple emulsions that exhibit strong shear thinning behavior. 25617611 1 41 theme water-in-oil-in-water 210:230 arg1 emulsions 249:257 water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) multiple emulsions 210:257 water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) multiple emulsions 210:257 Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) were incorporated in water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsions and emulsions, as well as water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) multiple emulsions using soybean oil. 25584682 5 0 theme polypeptide 927:937 arg1 irradiation 881:891 UV irradiation 878:891 UV irradiation of the photocrosslinkable elastin polypeptide mixed with dispersed MFC in DMSO, followed by substitution of DMSO with water 878:1015 The composite gel with MFC was prepared by UV irradiation of the photocrosslinkable elastin polypeptide mixed with dispersed MFC in DMSO, followed by substitution of DMSO with water. 25584682 3 1 theme photoinitiator 748:761 arg1 presence 726:733 the presence 722:733 the presence of a radical photoinitiator 722:761 The product was dissolved in DMSO and irradiated with UV light in the presence of a radical photoinitiator. 25584682 0 2 theme elastic 104:110 arg1 properties 112:121 elastic properties 104:121 elastic properties for biomaterial applications 104:150 Preparation of photocrosslinked fish elastin polypeptide/microfibrillated cellulose composite gels with elastic properties for biomaterial applications. 25584682 5 3 theme dispersed 950:958 arg1 MFC 960:962 dispersed MFC 950:962 dispersed MFC 950:962 The composite gel with MFC was prepared by UV irradiation of the photocrosslinkable elastin polypeptide mixed with dispersed MFC in DMSO, followed by substitution of DMSO with water. 25584682 2 4 mod modified 549:556 arg3 methacrylate 581:592 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate 563:592 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (MOI) 563:598 First, a water-soluble elastin peptide with a molecular weight of ca. 500 g/mol from the fish bulbus arteriosus was polymerized by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), a condensation reagent, and then modified with 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (MOI) to yield a photocrosslinkable fish elastin polypeptide. 25584682 2 4 mod modified 549:556 arg3 MOI 595:597 MOI 595:597 MOI 595:597 First, a water-soluble elastin peptide with a molecular weight of ca. 500 g/mol from the fish bulbus arteriosus was polymerized by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), a condensation reagent, and then modified with 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (MOI) to yield a photocrosslinkable fish elastin polypeptide. 25584682 2 4 mod modified 549:556 arg1 peptide 379:385 a water-soluble elastin peptide 355:385 a water-soluble elastin peptide with a molecular weight of ca. 500 g/mol from the fish bulbus arteriosus 355:458 First, a water-soluble elastin peptide with a molecular weight of ca. 500 g/mol from the fish bulbus arteriosus was polymerized by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), a condensation reagent, and then modified with 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (MOI) to yield a photocrosslinkable fish elastin polypeptide. 25584682 0 5 theme biomaterial 127:137 arg1 applications 139:150 biomaterial applications 127:150 biomaterial applications 127:150 Preparation of photocrosslinked fish elastin polypeptide/microfibrillated cellulose composite gels with elastic properties for biomaterial applications. 25584682 6 6 theme typical 1213:1219 arg1 shape 1221:1225 the typical shape 1209:1225 the typical shape of an elastic material with an increase of MFC content 1209:1280 The tensile test of the composite gels revealed that the addition of MFC improved the tensile properties, and the shape of the stress-strain curve of the composite gel became more similar to the typical shape of an elastic material with an increase of MFC content. 25584682 2 7 theme elastin 635:641 arg1 polypeptide 643:653 a photocrosslinkable fish elastin polypeptide 609:653 a photocrosslinkable fish elastin polypeptide 609:653 First, a water-soluble elastin peptide with a molecular weight of ca. 500 g/mol from the fish bulbus arteriosus was polymerized by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), a condensation reagent, and then modified with 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (MOI) to yield a photocrosslinkable fish elastin polypeptide. 25584682 0 8 link photocrosslinked 15:30 arg1 elastin 37:43 photocrosslinked fish elastin 15:43 photocrosslinked fish elastin 15:43 Preparation of photocrosslinked fish elastin polypeptide/microfibrillated cellulose composite gels with elastic properties for biomaterial applications. 25584682 5 9 theme DMSO 1001:1004 arg1 substitution 985:996 substitution 985:996 substitution of DMSO with water 985:1015 The composite gel with MFC was prepared by UV irradiation of the photocrosslinkable elastin polypeptide mixed with dispersed MFC in DMSO, followed by substitution of DMSO with water. 25584682 7 10 theme MFC 1391:1393 arg1 content 1395:1401 MFC content 1391:1401 MFC content 1391:1401 The rheology measurement showed that the elastic modulus of the composite gel increased with an increase of MFC content. 25584682 2 11 with peptide 379:385 arg1 weight 404:409 a molecular weight 392:409 a molecular weight of ca. 500 g/mol 392:426 First, a water-soluble elastin peptide with a molecular weight of ca. 500 g/mol from the fish bulbus arteriosus was polymerized by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), a condensation reagent, and then modified with 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (MOI) to yield a photocrosslinkable fish elastin polypeptide. 25584682 2 12 theme fish 630:633 arg1 polypeptide 643:653 a photocrosslinkable fish elastin polypeptide 609:653 a photocrosslinkable fish elastin polypeptide 609:653 First, a water-soluble elastin peptide with a molecular weight of ca. 500 g/mol from the fish bulbus arteriosus was polymerized by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), a condensation reagent, and then modified with 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (MOI) to yield a photocrosslinkable fish elastin polypeptide. 25584682 6 13 theme MFC 1270:1272 arg1 content 1274:1280 MFC content 1270:1280 MFC content 1270:1280 The tensile test of the composite gels revealed that the addition of MFC improved the tensile properties, and the shape of the stress-strain curve of the composite gel became more similar to the typical shape of an elastic material with an increase of MFC content. 25584682 6 14 theme gel 1182:1184 arg1 curve 1159:1163 the stress-strain curve 1141:1163 the stress-strain curve of the composite gel 1141:1184 The tensile test of the composite gels revealed that the addition of MFC improved the tensile properties, and the shape of the stress-strain curve of the composite gel became more similar to the typical shape of an elastic material with an increase of MFC content. 25584682 5 15 theme composite 839:847 arg1 gel 849:851 The composite gel 835:851 The composite gel with MFC 835:860 The composite gel with MFC was prepared by UV irradiation of the photocrosslinkable elastin polypeptide mixed with dispersed MFC in DMSO, followed by substitution of DMSO with water. 25584682 6 16 theme stress-strain 1145:1157 arg1 curve 1159:1163 the stress-strain curve 1141:1163 the stress-strain curve of the composite gel 1141:1184 The tensile test of the composite gels revealed that the addition of MFC improved the tensile properties, and the shape of the stress-strain curve of the composite gel became more similar to the typical shape of an elastic material with an increase of MFC content. 25584682 6 17 theme tensile 1104:1110 arg1 properties 1112:1121 the tensile properties 1100:1121 the tensile properties 1100:1121 The tensile test of the composite gels revealed that the addition of MFC improved the tensile properties, and the shape of the stress-strain curve of the composite gel became more similar to the typical shape of an elastic material with an increase of MFC content. 25584682 2 18 theme bulbus 442:447 arg1 arteriosus 449:458 the fish bulbus arteriosus 433:458 the fish bulbus arteriosus 433:458 First, a water-soluble elastin peptide with a molecular weight of ca. 500 g/mol from the fish bulbus arteriosus was polymerized by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), a condensation reagent, and then modified with 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (MOI) to yield a photocrosslinkable fish elastin polypeptide. 25584682 3 19 from irradiated 694:703 arg1 presence 726:733 the presence 722:733 the presence of a radical photoinitiator 722:761 The product was dissolved in DMSO and irradiated with UV light in the presence of a radical photoinitiator. 25584682 3 20 theme radical 740:746 arg1 photoinitiator 748:761 a radical photoinitiator 738:761 a radical photoinitiator 738:761 The product was dissolved in DMSO and irradiated with UV light in the presence of a radical photoinitiator. 25584682 2 21 dep 500 418:420 arg1 ca. 414:416 ca. 414:416 ca. 414:416 First, a water-soluble elastin peptide with a molecular weight of ca. 500 g/mol from the fish bulbus arteriosus was polymerized by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), a condensation reagent, and then modified with 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (MOI) to yield a photocrosslinkable fish elastin polypeptide. 25584682 2 22 theme fish 437:440 arg1 arteriosus 449:458 the fish bulbus arteriosus 433:458 the fish bulbus arteriosus 433:458 First, a water-soluble elastin peptide with a molecular weight of ca. 500 g/mol from the fish bulbus arteriosus was polymerized by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), a condensation reagent, and then modified with 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (MOI) to yield a photocrosslinkable fish elastin polypeptide. 25584682 5 23 with substitution 985:996 arg1 water 1011:1015 water 1011:1015 water 1011:1015 The composite gel with MFC was prepared by UV irradiation of the photocrosslinkable elastin polypeptide mixed with dispersed MFC in DMSO, followed by substitution of DMSO with water. 25584682 2 24 theme condensation 518:529 arg1 N 479:479 N 479:479 N 479:479 First, a water-soluble elastin peptide with a molecular weight of ca. 500 g/mol from the fish bulbus arteriosus was polymerized by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), a condensation reagent, and then modified with 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (MOI) to yield a photocrosslinkable fish elastin polypeptide. 25584682 2 24 theme condensation 518:529 arg1 reagent 531:537 a condensation reagent 516:537 a condensation reagent 516:537 First, a water-soluble elastin peptide with a molecular weight of ca. 500 g/mol from the fish bulbus arteriosus was polymerized by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), a condensation reagent, and then modified with 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (MOI) to yield a photocrosslinkable fish elastin polypeptide. 25584682 7 25 theme rheology 1287:1294 arg1 measurement 1296:1306 The rheology measurement 1283:1306 The rheology measurement 1283:1306 The rheology measurement showed that the elastic modulus of the composite gel increased with an increase of MFC content. 25584682 6 26 theme composite 1172:1180 arg1 gel 1182:1184 the composite gel 1168:1184 the composite gel 1168:1184 The tensile test of the composite gels revealed that the addition of MFC improved the tensile properties, and the shape of the stress-strain curve of the composite gel became more similar to the typical shape of an elastic material with an increase of MFC content. 25584682 5 27 theme photocrosslinkable 900:917 arg1 polypeptide 927:937 the photocrosslinkable elastin polypeptide 896:937 the photocrosslinkable elastin polypeptide mixed with dispersed MFC in DMSO, followed by substitution of DMSO with water 896:1015 The composite gel with MFC was prepared by UV irradiation of the photocrosslinkable elastin polypeptide mixed with dispersed MFC in DMSO, followed by substitution of DMSO with water. 25584682 5 28 from MFC 960:962 arg1 DMSO 967:970 DMSO 967:970 DMSO 967:970 The composite gel with MFC was prepared by UV irradiation of the photocrosslinkable elastin polypeptide mixed with dispersed MFC in DMSO, followed by substitution of DMSO with water. 25584682 2 29 theme elastin 371:377 arg1 peptide 379:385 a water-soluble elastin peptide 355:385 a water-soluble elastin peptide with a molecular weight of ca. 500 g/mol from the fish bulbus arteriosus 355:458 First, a water-soluble elastin peptide with a molecular weight of ca. 500 g/mol from the fish bulbus arteriosus was polymerized by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), a condensation reagent, and then modified with 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (MOI) to yield a photocrosslinkable fish elastin polypeptide. 25584682 5 30 theme elastin 919:925 arg1 polypeptide 927:937 the photocrosslinkable elastin polypeptide 896:937 the photocrosslinkable elastin polypeptide mixed with dispersed MFC in DMSO, followed by substitution of DMSO with water 896:1015 The composite gel with MFC was prepared by UV irradiation of the photocrosslinkable elastin polypeptide mixed with dispersed MFC in DMSO, followed by substitution of DMSO with water. 25584682 0 31 theme fish 32:35 arg1 elastin 37:43 photocrosslinked fish elastin 15:43 photocrosslinked fish elastin 15:43 Preparation of photocrosslinked fish elastin polypeptide/microfibrillated cellulose composite gels with elastic properties for biomaterial applications. 25584682 2 32 theme water-soluble 357:369 arg1 peptide 379:385 a water-soluble elastin peptide 355:385 a water-soluble elastin peptide with a molecular weight of ca. 500 g/mol from the fish bulbus arteriosus 355:458 First, a water-soluble elastin peptide with a molecular weight of ca. 500 g/mol from the fish bulbus arteriosus was polymerized by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), a condensation reagent, and then modified with 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (MOI) to yield a photocrosslinkable fish elastin polypeptide. 25584682 8 33 from test 1427:1430 arg1 gel 1449:1451 the composite gel 1435:1451 the composite gel 1435:1451 The cell proliferation test on the composite gel showed no toxicity. 25584682 0 34 theme photocrosslinked 15:30 arg1 elastin 37:43 photocrosslinked fish elastin 15:43 photocrosslinked fish elastin 15:43 Preparation of photocrosslinked fish elastin polypeptide/microfibrillated cellulose composite gels with elastic properties for biomaterial applications. 25584682 2 35 theme g/mol 422:426 arg1 weight 404:409 a molecular weight 392:409 a molecular weight of ca. 500 g/mol 392:426 First, a water-soluble elastin peptide with a molecular weight of ca. 500 g/mol from the fish bulbus arteriosus was polymerized by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), a condensation reagent, and then modified with 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (MOI) to yield a photocrosslinkable fish elastin polypeptide. 25584682 8 36 theme composite 1439:1447 arg1 gel 1449:1451 the composite gel 1435:1451 the composite gel 1435:1451 The cell proliferation test on the composite gel showed no toxicity. 25584682 6 37 theme curve 1159:1163 arg1 shape 1132:1136 the shape 1128:1136 the shape of the stress-strain curve of the composite gel 1128:1184 The tensile test of the composite gels revealed that the addition of MFC improved the tensile properties, and the shape of the stress-strain curve of the composite gel became more similar to the typical shape of an elastic material with an increase of MFC content. 25584682 1 38 theme methacrylate-functionalized 248:274 arg1 polypeptide 289:299 a methacrylate-functionalized fish elastin polypeptide 246:299 a methacrylate-functionalized fish elastin polypeptide 246:299 Photocrosslinked hydrogels reinforced by microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) were prepared from a methacrylate-functionalized fish elastin polypeptide and MFC dispersed in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). 25584682 4 39 with substitution 802:813 arg1 water 828:832 water 828:832 water 828:832 We obtained hydrogels successfully by substitution of DMSO with water. 25584682 5 40 theme UV 878:879 arg1 irradiation 881:891 UV irradiation 878:891 UV irradiation of the photocrosslinkable elastin polypeptide mixed with dispersed MFC in DMSO, followed by substitution of DMSO with water 878:1015 The composite gel with MFC was prepared by UV irradiation of the photocrosslinkable elastin polypeptide mixed with dispersed MFC in DMSO, followed by substitution of DMSO with water. 25584682 6 41 theme material 1241:1248 arg1 shape 1221:1225 the typical shape 1209:1225 the typical shape of an elastic material with an increase of MFC content 1209:1280 The tensile test of the composite gels revealed that the addition of MFC improved the tensile properties, and the shape of the stress-strain curve of the composite gel became more similar to the typical shape of an elastic material with an increase of MFC content. 25584682 3 42 with irradiated 694:703 arg1 light 713:717 UV light 710:717 UV light 710:717 The product was dissolved in DMSO and irradiated with UV light in the presence of a radical photoinitiator. 25584682 1 43 theme fish 276:279 arg1 polypeptide 289:299 a methacrylate-functionalized fish elastin polypeptide 246:299 a methacrylate-functionalized fish elastin polypeptide 246:299 Photocrosslinked hydrogels reinforced by microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) were prepared from a methacrylate-functionalized fish elastin polypeptide and MFC dispersed in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). 25584682 0 44 theme elastin 37:43 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation of photocrosslinked fish elastin 0:43 Preparation of photocrosslinked fish elastin polypeptide/microfibrillated cellulose composite gels with elastic properties for biomaterial applications. 25584682 3 45 from presence 726:733 arg1 irradiated 694:703 irradiated 694:703 irradiated 694:703 The product was dissolved in DMSO and irradiated with UV light in the presence of a radical photoinitiator. 25584682 6 46 theme elastic 1233:1239 arg1 material 1241:1248 an elastic material 1230:1248 an elastic material with an increase of MFC content 1230:1280 The tensile test of the composite gels revealed that the addition of MFC improved the tensile properties, and the shape of the stress-strain curve of the composite gel became more similar to the typical shape of an elastic material with an increase of MFC content. 25584682 1 47 theme elastin 281:287 arg1 polypeptide 289:299 a methacrylate-functionalized fish elastin polypeptide 246:299 a methacrylate-functionalized fish elastin polypeptide 246:299 Photocrosslinked hydrogels reinforced by microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) were prepared from a methacrylate-functionalized fish elastin polypeptide and MFC dispersed in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). 25584682 0 48 theme composite 84:92 arg1 gels 94:97 cellulose composite gels 74:97 cellulose composite gels 74:97 Preparation of photocrosslinked fish elastin polypeptide/microfibrillated cellulose composite gels with elastic properties for biomaterial applications. 25584682 2 49 theme 2-isocyanatoethyl 563:579 arg1 MOI 595:597 MOI 595:597 MOI 595:597 First, a water-soluble elastin peptide with a molecular weight of ca. 500 g/mol from the fish bulbus arteriosus was polymerized by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), a condensation reagent, and then modified with 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (MOI) to yield a photocrosslinkable fish elastin polypeptide. 25584682 2 49 theme 2-isocyanatoethyl 563:579 arg1 methacrylate 581:592 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate 563:592 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (MOI) 563:598 First, a water-soluble elastin peptide with a molecular weight of ca. 500 g/mol from the fish bulbus arteriosus was polymerized by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), a condensation reagent, and then modified with 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (MOI) to yield a photocrosslinkable fish elastin polypeptide. 25584682 2 50 theme photocrosslinkable 611:628 arg1 polypeptide 643:653 a photocrosslinkable fish elastin polypeptide 609:653 a photocrosslinkable fish elastin polypeptide 609:653 First, a water-soluble elastin peptide with a molecular weight of ca. 500 g/mol from the fish bulbus arteriosus was polymerized by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), a condensation reagent, and then modified with 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (MOI) to yield a photocrosslinkable fish elastin polypeptide. 25584682 1 51 theme Photocrosslinked 153:168 arg1 hydrogels 170:178 Photocrosslinked hydrogels 153:178 Photocrosslinked hydrogels reinforced by microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) 153:225 Photocrosslinked hydrogels reinforced by microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) were prepared from a methacrylate-functionalized fish elastin polypeptide and MFC dispersed in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). 25584682 0 52 theme cellulose 74:82 arg1 gels 94:97 cellulose composite gels 74:97 cellulose composite gels 74:97 Preparation of photocrosslinked fish elastin polypeptide/microfibrillated cellulose composite gels with elastic properties for biomaterial applications. 25584682 6 53 with material 1241:1248 arg1 increase 1258:1265 an increase 1255:1265 an increase of MFC content 1255:1280 The tensile test of the composite gels revealed that the addition of MFC improved the tensile properties, and the shape of the stress-strain curve of the composite gel became more similar to the typical shape of an elastic material with an increase of MFC content. 25584682 7 54 theme elastic 1324:1330 arg1 modulus 1332:1338 the elastic modulus 1320:1338 the elastic modulus of the composite gel 1320:1359 The rheology measurement showed that the elastic modulus of the composite gel increased with an increase of MFC content. 25584682 2 55 theme molecular 394:402 arg1 weight 404:409 a molecular weight 392:409 a molecular weight of ca. 500 g/mol 392:426 First, a water-soluble elastin peptide with a molecular weight of ca. 500 g/mol from the fish bulbus arteriosus was polymerized by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), a condensation reagent, and then modified with 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (MOI) to yield a photocrosslinkable fish elastin polypeptide. 25584682 1 56 link Photocrosslinked 153:168 arg1 hydrogels 170:178 Photocrosslinked hydrogels 153:178 Photocrosslinked hydrogels reinforced by microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) 153:225 Photocrosslinked hydrogels reinforced by microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) were prepared from a methacrylate-functionalized fish elastin polypeptide and MFC dispersed in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). 25584682 8 57 theme proliferation 1413:1425 arg1 test 1427:1430 The cell proliferation test 1404:1430 The cell proliferation test on the composite gel 1404:1451 The cell proliferation test on the composite gel showed no toxicity. 25584682 7 58 theme gel 1357:1359 arg1 modulus 1332:1338 the elastic modulus 1320:1338 the elastic modulus of the composite gel 1320:1359 The rheology measurement showed that the elastic modulus of the composite gel increased with an increase of MFC content. 25584682 5 59 with gel 849:851 arg1 MFC 858:860 MFC 858:860 MFC 858:860 The composite gel with MFC was prepared by UV irradiation of the photocrosslinkable elastin polypeptide mixed with dispersed MFC in DMSO, followed by substitution of DMSO with water. 25584682 7 60 theme content 1395:1401 arg1 increase 1379:1386 an increase 1376:1386 an increase of MFC content 1376:1401 The rheology measurement showed that the elastic modulus of the composite gel increased with an increase of MFC content. 25584682 4 61 theme DMSO 818:821 arg1 substitution 802:813 substitution 802:813 substitution of DMSO with water 802:832 We obtained hydrogels successfully by substitution of DMSO with water. 25584682 6 62 theme MFC 1087:1089 arg1 addition 1075:1082 the addition 1071:1082 the addition of MFC 1071:1089 The tensile test of the composite gels revealed that the addition of MFC improved the tensile properties, and the shape of the stress-strain curve of the composite gel became more similar to the typical shape of an elastic material with an increase of MFC content. 25584682 6 63 theme gels 1052:1055 arg1 test 1030:1033 The tensile test 1018:1033 The tensile test of the composite gels 1018:1055 The tensile test of the composite gels revealed that the addition of MFC improved the tensile properties, and the shape of the stress-strain curve of the composite gel became more similar to the typical shape of an elastic material with an increase of MFC content. 25584682 8 64 theme cell 1408:1411 arg1 test 1427:1430 The cell proliferation test 1404:1430 The cell proliferation test on the composite gel 1404:1451 The cell proliferation test on the composite gel showed no toxicity. 25584682 3 65 theme UV 710:711 arg1 light 713:717 UV light 710:717 UV light 710:717 The product was dissolved in DMSO and irradiated with UV light in the presence of a radical photoinitiator. 25584682 2 66 from arteriosus 449:458 arg1 peptide 379:385 a water-soluble elastin peptide 355:385 a water-soluble elastin peptide with a molecular weight of ca. 500 g/mol from the fish bulbus arteriosus 355:458 First, a water-soluble elastin peptide with a molecular weight of ca. 500 g/mol from the fish bulbus arteriosus was polymerized by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), a condensation reagent, and then modified with 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (MOI) to yield a photocrosslinkable fish elastin polypeptide. 25584682 1 67 theme microfibrillated 194:209 arg1 cellulose 211:219 microfibrillated cellulose 194:219 microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) 194:225 Photocrosslinked hydrogels reinforced by microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) were prepared from a methacrylate-functionalized fish elastin polypeptide and MFC dispersed in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). 25584682 1 67 theme microfibrillated 194:209 arg1 MFC 222:224 MFC 222:224 MFC 222:224 Photocrosslinked hydrogels reinforced by microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) were prepared from a methacrylate-functionalized fish elastin polypeptide and MFC dispersed in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). 25584682 6 68 theme composite 1042:1050 arg1 gels 1052:1055 the composite gels 1038:1055 the composite gels 1038:1055 The tensile test of the composite gels revealed that the addition of MFC improved the tensile properties, and the shape of the stress-strain curve of the composite gel became more similar to the typical shape of an elastic material with an increase of MFC content. 25584682 6 69 theme tensile 1022:1028 arg1 test 1030:1033 The tensile test 1018:1033 The tensile test of the composite gels 1018:1055 The tensile test of the composite gels revealed that the addition of MFC improved the tensile properties, and the shape of the stress-strain curve of the composite gel became more similar to the typical shape of an elastic material with an increase of MFC content. 25584682 7 70 theme composite 1347:1355 arg1 gel 1357:1359 the composite gel 1343:1359 the composite gel 1343:1359 The rheology measurement showed that the elastic modulus of the composite gel increased with an increase of MFC content. 25584682 6 71 theme content 1274:1280 arg1 increase 1258:1265 an increase 1255:1265 an increase of MFC content 1255:1280 The tensile test of the composite gels revealed that the addition of MFC improved the tensile properties, and the shape of the stress-strain curve of the composite gel became more similar to the typical shape of an elastic material with an increase of MFC content. 25269006 0 0 theme drug-in-cyclodextrin-in-liposome 71:102 arg1 systems 104:110 hybrid drug-in-cyclodextrin-in-liposome systems 64:110 hybrid drug-in-cyclodextrin-in-liposome systems 64:110 Increasing the stability of curcumin in serum with liposomes or hybrid drug-in-cyclodextrin-in-liposome systems: a comparative study. 25269006 0 1 from stability 15:23 arg1 serum 40:44 serum 40:44 serum 40:44 Increasing the stability of curcumin in serum with liposomes or hybrid drug-in-cyclodextrin-in-liposome systems: a comparative study. 25269006 6 2 theme CURC 1213:1216 arg1 fractions 1218:1226 larger CURC fractions 1206:1226 larger CURC fractions 1206:1226 The stability profile of CURC in serum depends on the composition of liposomes and CURC concentration, since at lower concentrations larger CURC fractions are protected due to protein binding. 25269006 0 3 theme hybrid 64:69 arg1 systems 104:110 hybrid drug-in-cyclodextrin-in-liposome systems 64:110 hybrid drug-in-cyclodextrin-in-liposome systems 64:110 Increasing the stability of curcumin in serum with liposomes or hybrid drug-in-cyclodextrin-in-liposome systems: a comparative study. 25269006 5 4 theme higher 1054:1059 arg1 solubility 1061:1070 higher solubility 1054:1070 higher solubility 1054:1070 However, the last method increases CURC loading by 23 times (depending on the lipid composition of liposomes and the CD used), resulting in higher solubility. 25269006 6 5 theme larger 1206:1211 arg1 fractions 1218:1226 larger CURC fractions 1206:1226 larger CURC fractions 1206:1226 The stability profile of CURC in serum depends on the composition of liposomes and CURC concentration, since at lower concentrations larger CURC fractions are protected due to protein binding. 25269006 6 6 theme lower 1185:1189 arg1 concentrations 1191:1204 lower concentrations 1185:1204 lower concentrations 1185:1204 The stability profile of CURC in serum depends on the composition of liposomes and CURC concentration, since at lower concentrations larger CURC fractions are protected due to protein binding. 25269006 1 7 dep complexes 279:287 arg1 HPβCD 263:267 HPβCD 263:267 HPβCD 263:267 Curcumin (CURC) was incorporated in liposomes as free drug or after formation of hydropropyl-β- or hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin (HPβCD or HPγCD) complexes prepared by coprecipitation and characterized by X-ray diffractometry. 25269006 1 7 dep complexes 279:287 arg1 complexes 279:287 hydropropyl-β- or hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin (HPβCD or HPγCD) complexes 215:287 hydropropyl-β- or hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin (HPβCD or HPγCD) complexes prepared by coprecipitation 215:315 Curcumin (CURC) was incorporated in liposomes as free drug or after formation of hydropropyl-β- or hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin (HPβCD or HPγCD) complexes prepared by coprecipitation and characterized by X-ray diffractometry. 25269006 1 7 dep complexes 279:287 arg1 HPγCD 272:276 HPγCD 272:276 HPγCD 272:276 Curcumin (CURC) was incorporated in liposomes as free drug or after formation of hydropropyl-β- or hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin (HPβCD or HPγCD) complexes prepared by coprecipitation and characterized by X-ray diffractometry. 25269006 7 8 theme CD 1296:1297 arg1 complexes 1299:1307 the corresponding CD complexes 1278:1307 the corresponding CD complexes 1278:1307 Compared to the corresponding CD complexes, hybrid formulations provide intermediate CURC solubility (comparable to HPβCD) but profoundly higher stabilization. 25269006 7 9 theme comparable 1368:1377 arg1 solubility 1356:1365 intermediate CURC solubility 1338:1365 intermediate CURC solubility (comparable to HPβCD) 1338:1387 Compared to the corresponding CD complexes, hybrid formulations provide intermediate CURC solubility (comparable to HPβCD) but profoundly higher stabilization. 25269006 3 10 theme liposome 760:767 arg1 encapsulation 769:781 liposome encapsulation 760:781 liposome encapsulation 760:781 CURC stability (at 0.01 and 0.05 mg/mL) in 80% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) was evaluated at 37 °C. Results demonstrate that HPβCD stabilizes CURC more than HPγCD, but liposome encapsulation provides substantially more protection, than CDs. 25269006 4 11 theme CURC 833:836 arg1 stabilization 838:850 CURC stabilization 833:850 CURC stabilization 833:850 CURC stabilization is similar, when encapsulated as free compound or CD-complex. 25269006 0 12 theme comparative 115:125 arg1 study 127:131 a comparative study 113:131 a comparative study 113:131 Increasing the stability of curcumin in serum with liposomes or hybrid drug-in-cyclodextrin-in-liposome systems: a comparative study. 25269006 7 13 theme CURC 1351:1354 arg1 solubility 1356:1365 intermediate CURC solubility 1338:1365 intermediate CURC solubility (comparable to HPβCD) 1338:1387 Compared to the corresponding CD complexes, hybrid formulations provide intermediate CURC solubility (comparable to HPβCD) but profoundly higher stabilization. 25269006 5 14 theme last 927:930 arg1 method 932:937 the last method 923:937 the last method 923:937 However, the last method increases CURC loading by 23 times (depending on the lipid composition of liposomes and the CD used), resulting in higher solubility. 25269006 3 15 from mg/mL 623:627 arg1 stability 595:603 CURC stability 590:603 CURC stability (at 0.01 and 0.05 mg/mL) in 80% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) 590:666 CURC stability (at 0.01 and 0.05 mg/mL) in 80% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) was evaluated at 37 °C. Results demonstrate that HPβCD stabilizes CURC more than HPγCD, but liposome encapsulation provides substantially more protection, than CDs. 25269006 2 16 theme dehydration-rehydration 461:483 arg1 method 499:504 the dehydration-rehydration vesicle (DRV) method 457:504 the dehydration-rehydration vesicle (DRV) method followed by extrusion 457:526 Liposomes encapsulating CURC as free drug or CD-complexes (hybrid formulations) were prepared by the dehydration-rehydration vesicle (DRV) method followed by extrusion, and characterized for size, zeta-potential and CURC loading. 25269006 7 17 theme intermediate 1338:1349 arg1 solubility 1356:1365 intermediate CURC solubility 1338:1365 intermediate CURC solubility (comparable to HPβCD) 1338:1387 Compared to the corresponding CD complexes, hybrid formulations provide intermediate CURC solubility (comparable to HPβCD) but profoundly higher stabilization. 25269006 7 18 theme higher 1404:1409 arg1 stabilization 1411:1423 profoundly higher stabilization 1393:1423 profoundly higher stabilization 1393:1423 Compared to the corresponding CD complexes, hybrid formulations provide intermediate CURC solubility (comparable to HPβCD) but profoundly higher stabilization. 25269006 3 19 theme CURC 590:593 arg1 stability 595:603 CURC stability 590:603 CURC stability (at 0.01 and 0.05 mg/mL) in 80% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) 590:666 CURC stability (at 0.01 and 0.05 mg/mL) in 80% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) was evaluated at 37 °C. Results demonstrate that HPβCD stabilizes CURC more than HPγCD, but liposome encapsulation provides substantially more protection, than CDs. 25269006 3 20 from stability 595:603 arg1 FBS 663:665 FBS 663:665 FBS 663:665 CURC stability (at 0.01 and 0.05 mg/mL) in 80% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) was evaluated at 37 °C. Results demonstrate that HPβCD stabilizes CURC more than HPγCD, but liposome encapsulation provides substantially more protection, than CDs. 25269006 3 20 from stability 595:603 arg1 serum 656:660 80% (v/v) fetal bovine serum 633:660 80% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) 633:666 CURC stability (at 0.01 and 0.05 mg/mL) in 80% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) was evaluated at 37 °C. Results demonstrate that HPβCD stabilizes CURC more than HPγCD, but liposome encapsulation provides substantially more protection, than CDs. 25269006 1 21 theme free 183:186 arg1 drug 188:191 free drug 183:191 free drug 183:191 Curcumin (CURC) was incorporated in liposomes as free drug or after formation of hydropropyl-β- or hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin (HPβCD or HPγCD) complexes prepared by coprecipitation and characterized by X-ray diffractometry. 25269006 1 22 theme complexes 279:287 arg1 formation 202:210 formation 202:210 formation of hydropropyl-β- or hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin (HPβCD or HPγCD) complexes prepared by coprecipitation 202:315 Curcumin (CURC) was incorporated in liposomes as free drug or after formation of hydropropyl-β- or hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin (HPβCD or HPγCD) complexes prepared by coprecipitation and characterized by X-ray diffractometry. 25269006 6 23 theme CURC 1156:1159 arg1 concentration 1161:1173 CURC concentration 1156:1173 CURC concentration 1156:1173 The stability profile of CURC in serum depends on the composition of liposomes and CURC concentration, since at lower concentrations larger CURC fractions are protected due to protein binding. 25269006 6 24 theme stability 1077:1085 arg1 profile 1087:1093 The stability profile 1073:1093 The stability profile of CURC in serum 1073:1110 The stability profile of CURC in serum depends on the composition of liposomes and CURC concentration, since at lower concentrations larger CURC fractions are protected due to protein binding. 25269006 6 25 theme CURC 1098:1101 arg1 profile 1087:1093 The stability profile 1073:1093 The stability profile of CURC in serum 1073:1110 The stability profile of CURC in serum depends on the composition of liposomes and CURC concentration, since at lower concentrations larger CURC fractions are protected due to protein binding. 25269006 3 26 theme % 635:635 arg1 FBS 663:665 FBS 663:665 FBS 663:665 CURC stability (at 0.01 and 0.05 mg/mL) in 80% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) was evaluated at 37 °C. Results demonstrate that HPβCD stabilizes CURC more than HPγCD, but liposome encapsulation provides substantially more protection, than CDs. 25269006 3 26 theme % 635:635 arg1 serum 656:660 80% (v/v) fetal bovine serum 633:660 80% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) 633:666 CURC stability (at 0.01 and 0.05 mg/mL) in 80% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) was evaluated at 37 °C. Results demonstrate that HPβCD stabilizes CURC more than HPγCD, but liposome encapsulation provides substantially more protection, than CDs. 25269006 6 27 from profile 1087:1093 arg1 serum 1106:1110 serum 1106:1110 serum 1106:1110 The stability profile of CURC in serum depends on the composition of liposomes and CURC concentration, since at lower concentrations larger CURC fractions are protected due to protein binding. 25269006 7 28 theme corresponding 1282:1294 arg1 complexes 1299:1307 the corresponding CD complexes 1278:1307 the corresponding CD complexes 1278:1307 Compared to the corresponding CD complexes, hybrid formulations provide intermediate CURC solubility (comparable to HPβCD) but profoundly higher stabilization. 25269006 6 29 theme protein 1249:1255 arg1 binding 1257:1263 protein binding 1249:1263 protein binding 1249:1263 The stability profile of CURC in serum depends on the composition of liposomes and CURC concentration, since at lower concentrations larger CURC fractions are protected due to protein binding. 25269006 5 30 theme liposomes 1013:1021 arg1 CD 1031:1032 the CD 1027:1032 the CD used 1027:1037 However, the last method increases CURC loading by 23 times (depending on the lipid composition of liposomes and the CD used), resulting in higher solubility. 25269006 5 30 theme liposomes 1013:1021 arg1 composition 998:1008 the lipid composition 988:1008 the lipid composition of liposomes 988:1021 However, the last method increases CURC loading by 23 times (depending on the lipid composition of liposomes and the CD used), resulting in higher solubility. 25269006 4 31 theme free 885:888 arg1 compound 890:897 free compound 885:897 free compound 885:897 CURC stabilization is similar, when encapsulated as free compound or CD-complex. 25269006 5 32 dep times 968:972 arg1 depending 975:983 depending 975:983 depending on the lipid composition of liposomes and the CD used 975:1037 However, the last method increases CURC loading by 23 times (depending on the lipid composition of liposomes and the CD used), resulting in higher solubility. 25269006 2 33 theme DRV 494:496 arg1 method 499:504 the dehydration-rehydration vesicle (DRV) method 457:504 the dehydration-rehydration vesicle (DRV) method followed by extrusion 457:526 Liposomes encapsulating CURC as free drug or CD-complexes (hybrid formulations) were prepared by the dehydration-rehydration vesicle (DRV) method followed by extrusion, and characterized for size, zeta-potential and CURC loading. 25269006 0 34 theme curcumin 28:35 arg1 stability 15:23 the stability 11:23 the stability of curcumin in serum 11:44 Increasing the stability of curcumin in serum with liposomes or hybrid drug-in-cyclodextrin-in-liposome systems: a comparative study. 25269006 7 35 theme hybrid 1310:1315 arg1 formulations 1317:1328 hybrid formulations 1310:1328 hybrid formulations 1310:1328 Compared to the corresponding CD complexes, hybrid formulations provide intermediate CURC solubility (comparable to HPβCD) but profoundly higher stabilization. 25269006 2 36 theme hybrid 419:424 arg1 CD-complexes 405:416 CD-complexes 405:416 CD-complexes (hybrid formulations) 405:438 Liposomes encapsulating CURC as free drug or CD-complexes (hybrid formulations) were prepared by the dehydration-rehydration vesicle (DRV) method followed by extrusion, and characterized for size, zeta-potential and CURC loading. 25269006 2 36 theme hybrid 419:424 arg1 formulations 426:437 hybrid formulations 419:437 hybrid formulations 419:437 Liposomes encapsulating CURC as free drug or CD-complexes (hybrid formulations) were prepared by the dehydration-rehydration vesicle (DRV) method followed by extrusion, and characterized for size, zeta-potential and CURC loading. 25269006 3 37 theme more 739:742 arg1 CURC 734:737 CURC 734:737 CURC more than HPγCD 734:753 CURC stability (at 0.01 and 0.05 mg/mL) in 80% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) was evaluated at 37 °C. Results demonstrate that HPβCD stabilizes CURC more than HPγCD, but liposome encapsulation provides substantially more protection, than CDs. 25269006 3 38 theme 80 633:634 arg1 % 635:635 % 635:635 % 635:635 CURC stability (at 0.01 and 0.05 mg/mL) in 80% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) was evaluated at 37 °C. Results demonstrate that HPβCD stabilizes CURC more than HPγCD, but liposome encapsulation provides substantially more protection, than CDs. 25269006 6 39 theme liposomes 1142:1150 arg1 concentration 1161:1173 CURC concentration 1156:1173 CURC concentration 1156:1173 The stability profile of CURC in serum depends on the composition of liposomes and CURC concentration, since at lower concentrations larger CURC fractions are protected due to protein binding. 25269006 6 39 theme liposomes 1142:1150 arg1 composition 1127:1137 the composition 1123:1137 the composition of liposomes 1123:1150 The stability profile of CURC in serum depends on the composition of liposomes and CURC concentration, since at lower concentrations larger CURC fractions are protected due to protein binding. 25269006 2 40 theme vesicle 485:491 arg1 method 499:504 the dehydration-rehydration vesicle (DRV) method 457:504 the dehydration-rehydration vesicle (DRV) method followed by extrusion 457:526 Liposomes encapsulating CURC as free drug or CD-complexes (hybrid formulations) were prepared by the dehydration-rehydration vesicle (DRV) method followed by extrusion, and characterized for size, zeta-potential and CURC loading. 25269006 3 41 dep °C. 688:690 arg1 demonstrate 700:710 demonstrate 700:710 demonstrate that HPβCD stabilizes CURC more than HPγCD, but liposome encapsulation provides substantially more protection, than CDs 700:830 CURC stability (at 0.01 and 0.05 mg/mL) in 80% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) was evaluated at 37 °C. Results demonstrate that HPβCD stabilizes CURC more than HPγCD, but liposome encapsulation provides substantially more protection, than CDs. 25269006 3 42 theme fetal 643:647 arg1 FBS 663:665 FBS 663:665 FBS 663:665 CURC stability (at 0.01 and 0.05 mg/mL) in 80% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) was evaluated at 37 °C. Results demonstrate that HPβCD stabilizes CURC more than HPγCD, but liposome encapsulation provides substantially more protection, than CDs. 25269006 3 42 theme fetal 643:647 arg1 serum 656:660 80% (v/v) fetal bovine serum 633:660 80% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) 633:666 CURC stability (at 0.01 and 0.05 mg/mL) in 80% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) was evaluated at 37 °C. Results demonstrate that HPβCD stabilizes CURC more than HPγCD, but liposome encapsulation provides substantially more protection, than CDs. 25269006 3 43 theme bovine 649:654 arg1 FBS 663:665 FBS 663:665 FBS 663:665 CURC stability (at 0.01 and 0.05 mg/mL) in 80% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) was evaluated at 37 °C. Results demonstrate that HPβCD stabilizes CURC more than HPγCD, but liposome encapsulation provides substantially more protection, than CDs. 25269006 3 43 theme bovine 649:654 arg1 serum 656:660 80% (v/v) fetal bovine serum 633:660 80% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) 633:666 CURC stability (at 0.01 and 0.05 mg/mL) in 80% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) was evaluated at 37 °C. Results demonstrate that HPβCD stabilizes CURC more than HPγCD, but liposome encapsulation provides substantially more protection, than CDs. 25269006 2 44 theme CURC 576:579 arg1 loading 581:587 CURC loading 576:587 CURC loading 576:587 Liposomes encapsulating CURC as free drug or CD-complexes (hybrid formulations) were prepared by the dehydration-rehydration vesicle (DRV) method followed by extrusion, and characterized for size, zeta-potential and CURC loading. 25269006 5 45 theme lipid 992:996 arg1 composition 998:1008 the lipid composition 988:1008 the lipid composition of liposomes 988:1021 However, the last method increases CURC loading by 23 times (depending on the lipid composition of liposomes and the CD used), resulting in higher solubility. 25269006 5 46 theme CURC 949:952 arg1 loading 954:960 CURC loading 949:960 CURC loading by 23 times (depending on the lipid composition of liposomes and the CD used) 949:1038 However, the last method increases CURC loading by 23 times (depending on the lipid composition of liposomes and the CD used), resulting in higher solubility. 25269006 3 47 theme more 806:809 arg1 protection 811:820 substantially more protection 792:820 substantially more protection 792:820 CURC stability (at 0.01 and 0.05 mg/mL) in 80% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) was evaluated at 37 °C. Results demonstrate that HPβCD stabilizes CURC more than HPγCD, but liposome encapsulation provides substantially more protection, than CDs. 25269006 1 48 theme hydropropyl-β- 215:228 arg1 HPβCD 263:267 HPβCD 263:267 HPβCD 263:267 Curcumin (CURC) was incorporated in liposomes as free drug or after formation of hydropropyl-β- or hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin (HPβCD or HPγCD) complexes prepared by coprecipitation and characterized by X-ray diffractometry. 25269006 1 48 theme hydropropyl-β- 215:228 arg1 complexes 279:287 hydropropyl-β- or hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin (HPβCD or HPγCD) complexes 215:287 hydropropyl-β- or hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin (HPβCD or HPγCD) complexes prepared by coprecipitation 215:315 Curcumin (CURC) was incorporated in liposomes as free drug or after formation of hydropropyl-β- or hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin (HPβCD or HPγCD) complexes prepared by coprecipitation and characterized by X-ray diffractometry. 25269006 1 48 theme hydropropyl-β- 215:228 arg1 HPγCD 272:276 HPγCD 272:276 HPγCD 272:276 Curcumin (CURC) was incorporated in liposomes as free drug or after formation of hydropropyl-β- or hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin (HPβCD or HPγCD) complexes prepared by coprecipitation and characterized by X-ray diffractometry. 25269006 2 49 theme free 392:395 arg1 drug 397:400 free drug 392:400 free drug 392:400 Liposomes encapsulating CURC as free drug or CD-complexes (hybrid formulations) were prepared by the dehydration-rehydration vesicle (DRV) method followed by extrusion, and characterized for size, zeta-potential and CURC loading. 25269006 3 50 dep % 635:635 arg1 v/v 638:640 v/v 638:640 v/v 638:640 CURC stability (at 0.01 and 0.05 mg/mL) in 80% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) was evaluated at 37 °C. Results demonstrate that HPβCD stabilizes CURC more than HPγCD, but liposome encapsulation provides substantially more protection, than CDs. 25269006 1 51 theme X-ray 338:342 arg1 diffractometry 344:357 X-ray diffractometry 338:357 X-ray diffractometry 338:357 Curcumin (CURC) was incorporated in liposomes as free drug or after formation of hydropropyl-β- or hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin (HPβCD or HPγCD) complexes prepared by coprecipitation and characterized by X-ray diffractometry. 25269006 0 52 dep Increasing 0:9 arg1 study 127:131 a comparative study 113:131 a comparative study 113:131 Increasing the stability of curcumin in serum with liposomes or hybrid drug-in-cyclodextrin-in-liposome systems: a comparative study. 25269006 1 53 theme hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin 233:260 arg1 HPβCD 263:267 HPβCD 263:267 HPβCD 263:267 Curcumin (CURC) was incorporated in liposomes as free drug or after formation of hydropropyl-β- or hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin (HPβCD or HPγCD) complexes prepared by coprecipitation and characterized by X-ray diffractometry. 25269006 1 53 theme hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin 233:260 arg1 complexes 279:287 hydropropyl-β- or hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin (HPβCD or HPγCD) complexes 215:287 hydropropyl-β- or hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin (HPβCD or HPγCD) complexes prepared by coprecipitation 215:315 Curcumin (CURC) was incorporated in liposomes as free drug or after formation of hydropropyl-β- or hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin (HPβCD or HPγCD) complexes prepared by coprecipitation and characterized by X-ray diffractometry. 25269006 1 53 theme hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin 233:260 arg1 HPγCD 272:276 HPγCD 272:276 HPγCD 272:276 Curcumin (CURC) was incorporated in liposomes as free drug or after formation of hydropropyl-β- or hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin (HPβCD or HPγCD) complexes prepared by coprecipitation and characterized by X-ray diffractometry. 27474650 0 0 theme controlled 95:104 arg1 delivery 111:118 controlled drug delivery 95:118 controlled drug delivery 95:118 Fabrication of a novel bone ash-reinforced gelatin/alginate/hyaluronic acid composite film for controlled drug delivery. 27474650 4 1 theme mechanical 497:506 arg1 performances 508:519 Thermal and mechanical performances 485:519 Thermal and mechanical performances of films 485:528 Thermal and mechanical performances of films were determined by DSC, TGA and universal mechanical tester, respectively. 27474650 1 2 theme composite 157:165 arg1 film 167:170 a novel pH-sensitive composite film 136:170 a novel pH-sensitive composite film with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties 136:218 In this study, a novel pH-sensitive composite film with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties was prepared by the incorporation of bone ash at varying concentrations from 0 to 10v. 27474650 1 3 theme bone 257:260 arg1 ash 262:264 bone ash 257:264 bone ash 257:264 In this study, a novel pH-sensitive composite film with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties was prepared by the incorporation of bone ash at varying concentrations from 0 to 10v. 27474650 4 4 theme films 524:528 arg1 performances 508:519 Thermal and mechanical performances 485:519 Thermal and mechanical performances of films 485:528 Thermal and mechanical performances of films were determined by DSC, TGA and universal mechanical tester, respectively. 27474650 1 5 with film 167:170 arg1 properties 209:218 enhanced thermal and mechanical properties 177:218 enhanced thermal and mechanical properties 177:218 In this study, a novel pH-sensitive composite film with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties was prepared by the incorporation of bone ash at varying concentrations from 0 to 10v. 27474650 6 6 theme L929 841:844 arg1 cells 846:850 L929 cells 841:850 L929 cells 841:850 Cytotoxicity assay for composite films was carried out by using L929 cells. 27474650 1 7 theme ash 262:264 arg1 incorporation 240:252 the incorporation 236:252 the incorporation of bone ash at varying concentrations from 0 to 10v 236:304 In this study, a novel pH-sensitive composite film with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties was prepared by the incorporation of bone ash at varying concentrations from 0 to 10v. 27474650 1 8 from 10v 302:304 arg1 concentrations 277:290 varying concentrations 269:290 varying concentrations from 0 to 10v 269:304 In this study, a novel pH-sensitive composite film with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties was prepared by the incorporation of bone ash at varying concentrations from 0 to 10v. 27474650 0 9 theme drug 106:109 arg1 delivery 111:118 controlled drug delivery 95:118 controlled drug delivery 95:118 Fabrication of a novel bone ash-reinforced gelatin/alginate/hyaluronic acid composite film for controlled drug delivery. 27474650 5 10 theme ash-reinforced 677:690 arg1 films 702:706 bone ash-reinforced composite films 672:706 bone ash-reinforced composite films 672:706 Results proved that thermal stability and mechanical properties of bone ash-reinforced composite films improved significantly with respect to that of neat Gel/SA/HyA film. 27474650 7 11 theme films 878:882 arg1 capacity 866:873 Water uptake capacity 853:873 Water uptake capacity of films 853:882 Water uptake capacity of films was determined by swelling test. 27474650 1 12 theme varying 269:275 arg1 concentrations 277:290 varying concentrations 269:290 varying concentrations from 0 to 10v 269:304 In this study, a novel pH-sensitive composite film with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties was prepared by the incorporation of bone ash at varying concentrations from 0 to 10v. 27474650 5 13 theme thermal 625:631 arg1 stability 633:641 thermal stability 625:641 thermal stability 625:641 Results proved that thermal stability and mechanical properties of bone ash-reinforced composite films improved significantly with respect to that of neat Gel/SA/HyA film. 27474650 8 14 theme different 992:1000 arg1 pH 1013:1014 pH 2.1 and 7.4 1013:1026 pH 2.1 and 7.4 1013:1026 Herein, release experiments of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) were performed in two different solutions (pH 2.1 and 7.4). 27474650 8 14 theme different 992:1000 arg1 solutions 1002:1010 two different solutions 988:1010 two different solutions (pH 2.1 and 7.4) 988:1027 Herein, release experiments of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) were performed in two different solutions (pH 2.1 and 7.4). 27474650 2 15 theme colon-specific 390:403 arg1 system 419:424 colon-specific drug delivery system 390:424 colon-specific drug delivery system 390:424 % into gelatin/sodium alginate/hyaluronic acid (Gel/SA/HyA) polymeric structure for colon-specific drug delivery system. 27474650 2 16 theme delivery 410:417 arg1 system 419:424 colon-specific drug delivery system 390:424 colon-specific drug delivery system 390:424 % into gelatin/sodium alginate/hyaluronic acid (Gel/SA/HyA) polymeric structure for colon-specific drug delivery system. 27474650 1 17 dep 10v 302:304 arg1 to 299:300 to 299:300 to 299:300 In this study, a novel pH-sensitive composite film with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties was prepared by the incorporation of bone ash at varying concentrations from 0 to 10v. 27474650 2 18 theme drug 405:408 arg1 system 419:424 colon-specific drug delivery system 390:424 colon-specific drug delivery system 390:424 % into gelatin/sodium alginate/hyaluronic acid (Gel/SA/HyA) polymeric structure for colon-specific drug delivery system. 27474650 4 19 theme Thermal 485:491 arg1 performances 508:519 Thermal and mechanical performances 485:519 Thermal and mechanical performances of films 485:528 Thermal and mechanical performances of films were determined by DSC, TGA and universal mechanical tester, respectively. 27474650 1 20 from concentrations 277:290 arg1 incorporation 240:252 the incorporation 236:252 the incorporation of bone ash at varying concentrations from 0 to 10v 236:304 In this study, a novel pH-sensitive composite film with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties was prepared by the incorporation of bone ash at varying concentrations from 0 to 10v. 27474650 1 21 theme thermal 186:192 arg1 properties 209:218 enhanced thermal and mechanical properties 177:218 enhanced thermal and mechanical properties 177:218 In this study, a novel pH-sensitive composite film with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties was prepared by the incorporation of bone ash at varying concentrations from 0 to 10v. 27474650 9 22 contain containing 1071:1080 arg2 BA 1082:1083 BA 1082:1083 BA 1082:1083 The results assured that Gel/SA/HyA film containing BA could be considered as a potential biomaterial for controlled drug delivery systems. 27474650 9 22 contain containing 1071:1080 arg1 Gel/SA/HyA 1055:1064 Gel/SA/HyA 1055:1064 Gel/SA/HyA 1055:1064 The results assured that Gel/SA/HyA film containing BA could be considered as a potential biomaterial for controlled drug delivery systems. 27474650 5 23 theme mechanical 647:656 arg1 properties 658:667 mechanical properties 647:667 mechanical properties 647:667 Results proved that thermal stability and mechanical properties of bone ash-reinforced composite films improved significantly with respect to that of neat Gel/SA/HyA film. 27474650 7 24 theme Water 853:857 arg1 capacity 866:873 Water uptake capacity 853:873 Water uptake capacity of films 853:882 Water uptake capacity of films was determined by swelling test. 27474650 0 25 theme novel 17:21 arg1 bone 23:26 a novel bone 15:26 a novel bone 15:26 Fabrication of a novel bone ash-reinforced gelatin/alginate/hyaluronic acid composite film for controlled drug delivery. 27474650 2 26 theme polymeric 366:374 arg1 structure 376:384 gelatin/sodium alginate/hyaluronic acid (Gel/SA/HyA) polymeric structure 313:384 gelatin/sodium alginate/hyaluronic acid (Gel/SA/HyA) polymeric structure for colon-specific drug delivery system 313:424 % into gelatin/sodium alginate/hyaluronic acid (Gel/SA/HyA) polymeric structure for colon-specific drug delivery system. 27474650 6 27 theme composite 800:808 arg1 films 810:814 composite films 800:814 composite films 800:814 Cytotoxicity assay for composite films was carried out by using L929 cells. 27474650 7 28 theme uptake 859:864 arg1 capacity 866:873 Water uptake capacity 853:873 Water uptake capacity of films 853:882 Water uptake capacity of films was determined by swelling test. 27474650 1 29 theme mechanical 198:207 arg1 properties 209:218 enhanced thermal and mechanical properties 177:218 enhanced thermal and mechanical properties 177:218 In this study, a novel pH-sensitive composite film with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties was prepared by the incorporation of bone ash at varying concentrations from 0 to 10v. 27474650 4 30 theme universal 562:570 arg1 tester 583:588 universal mechanical tester 562:588 universal mechanical tester 562:588 Thermal and mechanical performances of films were determined by DSC, TGA and universal mechanical tester, respectively. 27474650 8 31 theme release 925:931 arg1 experiments 933:943 release experiments 925:943 release experiments of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) 925:968 Herein, release experiments of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) were performed in two different solutions (pH 2.1 and 7.4). 27474650 3 32 theme XRD 471:473 arg1 analyses 475:482 XRD analyses 471:482 XRD analyses 471:482 Films were characterized by FT-IR, SEM, and XRD analyses. 27474650 0 33 theme bone 23:26 arg1 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication of a novel bone 0:26 Fabrication of a novel bone ash-reinforced gelatin/alginate/hyaluronic acid composite film for controlled drug delivery. 27474650 4 34 theme mechanical 572:581 arg1 tester 583:588 universal mechanical tester 562:588 universal mechanical tester 562:588 Thermal and mechanical performances of films were determined by DSC, TGA and universal mechanical tester, respectively. 27474650 9 35 theme potential 1110:1118 arg1 biomaterial 1120:1130 a potential biomaterial 1108:1130 a potential biomaterial for controlled drug delivery systems 1108:1167 The results assured that Gel/SA/HyA film containing BA could be considered as a potential biomaterial for controlled drug delivery systems. 27474650 9 35 theme potential 1110:1118 arg1 results 1034:1040 The results 1030:1040 The results assured that Gel/SA/HyA film containing BA 1030:1083 The results assured that Gel/SA/HyA film containing BA could be considered as a potential biomaterial for controlled drug delivery systems. 27474650 0 36 theme acid 71:74 arg1 film 86:89 gelatin/alginate/hyaluronic acid composite film 43:89 gelatin/alginate/hyaluronic acid composite film for controlled drug delivery 43:118 Fabrication of a novel bone ash-reinforced gelatin/alginate/hyaluronic acid composite film for controlled drug delivery. 27474650 5 37 theme composite 692:700 arg1 films 702:706 bone ash-reinforced composite films 672:706 bone ash-reinforced composite films 672:706 Results proved that thermal stability and mechanical properties of bone ash-reinforced composite films improved significantly with respect to that of neat Gel/SA/HyA film. 27474650 0 38 theme gelatin/alginate/hyaluronic 43:69 arg1 film 86:89 gelatin/alginate/hyaluronic acid composite film 43:89 gelatin/alginate/hyaluronic acid composite film for controlled drug delivery 43:118 Fabrication of a novel bone ash-reinforced gelatin/alginate/hyaluronic acid composite film for controlled drug delivery. 27474650 5 39 theme films 702:706 arg1 stability 633:641 thermal stability 625:641 thermal stability 625:641 Results proved that thermal stability and mechanical properties of bone ash-reinforced composite films improved significantly with respect to that of neat Gel/SA/HyA film. 27474650 5 39 theme films 702:706 arg1 properties 658:667 mechanical properties 647:667 mechanical properties 647:667 Results proved that thermal stability and mechanical properties of bone ash-reinforced composite films improved significantly with respect to that of neat Gel/SA/HyA film. 27474650 5 40 theme bone 672:675 arg1 films 702:706 bone ash-reinforced composite films 672:706 bone ash-reinforced composite films 672:706 Results proved that thermal stability and mechanical properties of bone ash-reinforced composite films improved significantly with respect to that of neat Gel/SA/HyA film. 27474650 6 41 theme Cytotoxicity 777:788 arg1 assay 790:794 Cytotoxicity assay 777:794 Cytotoxicity assay for composite films 777:814 Cytotoxicity assay for composite films was carried out by using L929 cells. 27474650 2 42 theme acid 348:351 arg1 structure 376:384 gelatin/sodium alginate/hyaluronic acid (Gel/SA/HyA) polymeric structure 313:384 gelatin/sodium alginate/hyaluronic acid (Gel/SA/HyA) polymeric structure for colon-specific drug delivery system 313:424 % into gelatin/sodium alginate/hyaluronic acid (Gel/SA/HyA) polymeric structure for colon-specific drug delivery system. 27474650 8 43 theme 5-Fluorouracil 948:961 arg1 experiments 933:943 release experiments 925:943 release experiments of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) 925:968 Herein, release experiments of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) were performed in two different solutions (pH 2.1 and 7.4). 27474650 2 44 theme alginate/hyaluronic 328:346 arg1 acid 348:351 alginate/hyaluronic acid 328:351 gelatin/sodium alginate/hyaluronic acid (Gel/SA/HyA) polymeric structure for colon-specific drug delivery system 313:424 % into gelatin/sodium alginate/hyaluronic acid (Gel/SA/HyA) polymeric structure for colon-specific drug delivery system. 27474650 2 44 theme alginate/hyaluronic 328:346 arg1 Gel/SA/HyA 354:363 Gel/SA/HyA 354:363 Gel/SA/HyA 354:363 % into gelatin/sodium alginate/hyaluronic acid (Gel/SA/HyA) polymeric structure for colon-specific drug delivery system. 27474650 9 45 theme controlled 1136:1145 arg1 systems 1161:1167 controlled drug delivery systems 1136:1167 controlled drug delivery systems 1136:1167 The results assured that Gel/SA/HyA film containing BA could be considered as a potential biomaterial for controlled drug delivery systems. 27474650 9 46 theme drug 1147:1150 arg1 systems 1161:1167 controlled drug delivery systems 1136:1167 controlled drug delivery systems 1136:1167 The results assured that Gel/SA/HyA film containing BA could be considered as a potential biomaterial for controlled drug delivery systems. 27474650 2 47 theme gelatin/sodium 313:326 arg1 structure 376:384 gelatin/sodium alginate/hyaluronic acid (Gel/SA/HyA) polymeric structure 313:384 gelatin/sodium alginate/hyaluronic acid (Gel/SA/HyA) polymeric structure for colon-specific drug delivery system 313:424 % into gelatin/sodium alginate/hyaluronic acid (Gel/SA/HyA) polymeric structure for colon-specific drug delivery system. 27474650 9 48 theme delivery 1152:1159 arg1 systems 1161:1167 controlled drug delivery systems 1136:1167 controlled drug delivery systems 1136:1167 The results assured that Gel/SA/HyA film containing BA could be considered as a potential biomaterial for controlled drug delivery systems. 27474650 1 49 theme novel 138:142 arg1 film 167:170 a novel pH-sensitive composite film 136:170 a novel pH-sensitive composite film with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties 136:218 In this study, a novel pH-sensitive composite film with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties was prepared by the incorporation of bone ash at varying concentrations from 0 to 10v. 27474650 1 50 theme enhanced 177:184 arg1 properties 209:218 enhanced thermal and mechanical properties 177:218 enhanced thermal and mechanical properties 177:218 In this study, a novel pH-sensitive composite film with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties was prepared by the incorporation of bone ash at varying concentrations from 0 to 10v. 27474650 0 51 theme composite 76:84 arg1 film 86:89 gelatin/alginate/hyaluronic acid composite film 43:89 gelatin/alginate/hyaluronic acid composite film for controlled drug delivery 43:118 Fabrication of a novel bone ash-reinforced gelatin/alginate/hyaluronic acid composite film for controlled drug delivery. 27474650 1 52 theme pH-sensitive 144:155 arg1 film 167:170 a novel pH-sensitive composite film 136:170 a novel pH-sensitive composite film with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties 136:218 In this study, a novel pH-sensitive composite film with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties was prepared by the incorporation of bone ash at varying concentrations from 0 to 10v. 27474650 7 53 theme swelling 902:909 arg1 test 911:914 swelling test 902:914 swelling test 902:914 Water uptake capacity of films was determined by swelling test. 27474650 5 54 theme neat 755:758 arg1 Gel/SA/HyA 760:769 neat Gel/SA/HyA film 755:774 neat Gel/SA/HyA film 755:774 Results proved that thermal stability and mechanical properties of bone ash-reinforced composite films improved significantly with respect to that of neat Gel/SA/HyA film. 25788419 3 0 theme abiotic 327:333 arg1 biomarker 342:350 the abiotic stress biomarker and preservation agent α 323:375 biomarker 342:350 Indeed, the abiotic stress biomarker and preservation agent α,α-trehalose is a disaccharide. 25788419 3 0 theme abiotic 327:333 arg1 α-trehalose 377:387 α-trehalose 377:387 α-trehalose 377:387 Indeed, the abiotic stress biomarker and preservation agent α,α-trehalose is a disaccharide. 25788419 3 0 theme abiotic 327:333 arg1 disaccharide 394:405 a disaccharide 392:405 a disaccharide 392:405 Indeed, the abiotic stress biomarker and preservation agent α,α-trehalose is a disaccharide. 25788419 3 0 theme abiotic 327:333 arg1 α 375:375 the abiotic stress biomarker and preservation agent α 323:375 α 375:375 Indeed, the abiotic stress biomarker and preservation agent α,α-trehalose is a disaccharide. 25788419 10 1 theme fruit 1551:1555 arg1 fruit 1551:1555 apple and peach fruit 1535:1555 apple and peach fruit using the developed GC × GC method and linear curve calibration 1535:1619 These compounds were quantified in several varieties of apple and peach fruit using the developed GC × GC method and linear curve calibration, resulting in substantial differences among the fruits. 25788419 10 1 theme fruit 1551:1555 arg1 varieties 1522:1530 several varieties 1514:1530 several varieties of apple and peach fruit using the developed GC × GC method and linear curve calibration 1514:1619 These compounds were quantified in several varieties of apple and peach fruit using the developed GC × GC method and linear curve calibration, resulting in substantial differences among the fruits. 25788419 9 2 theme analytical 1423:1432 arg1 standards 1434:1442 analytical standards 1423:1442 analytical standards 1423:1442 RESULTS Using the method that proved to be more efficient, namely the method developed with the semi-polar/non-polar configuration, ten disaccharides were identified, based on analytical standards, retention index and mass spectra. 25788419 10 3 theme curve 1603:1607 arg1 calibration 1609:1619 linear curve calibration 1596:1619 linear curve calibration 1596:1619 These compounds were quantified in several varieties of apple and peach fruit using the developed GC × GC method and linear curve calibration, resulting in substantial differences among the fruits. 25788419 3 4 theme stress 335:340 arg1 biomarker 342:350 the abiotic stress biomarker and preservation agent α 323:375 biomarker 342:350 Indeed, the abiotic stress biomarker and preservation agent α,α-trehalose is a disaccharide. 25788419 3 4 theme stress 335:340 arg1 α-trehalose 377:387 α-trehalose 377:387 α-trehalose 377:387 Indeed, the abiotic stress biomarker and preservation agent α,α-trehalose is a disaccharide. 25788419 3 4 theme stress 335:340 arg1 disaccharide 394:405 a disaccharide 392:405 a disaccharide 392:405 Indeed, the abiotic stress biomarker and preservation agent α,α-trehalose is a disaccharide. 25788419 3 4 theme stress 335:340 arg1 α 375:375 the abiotic stress biomarker and preservation agent α 323:375 α 375:375 Indeed, the abiotic stress biomarker and preservation agent α,α-trehalose is a disaccharide. 25788419 5 5 theme analytes 699:706 arg1 extraction 681:690 aqueous-methanolic extraction 662:690 aqueous-methanolic extraction of the analytes 662:706 METHODS The sample preparation was based on aqueous-methanolic extraction of the analytes, followed by oxime formation and trimethylsilylation of the disaccharides. 25788419 5 6 theme sample 630:635 arg1 preparation 637:647 The sample preparation 626:647 The sample preparation 626:647 METHODS The sample preparation was based on aqueous-methanolic extraction of the analytes, followed by oxime formation and trimethylsilylation of the disaccharides. 25788419 1 7 theme INTRODUCTION 166:177 arg1 Carbohydrates 179:191 INTRODUCTION Carbohydrates 166:191 INTRODUCTION Carbohydrates 166:191 INTRODUCTION Carbohydrates are important constituents in fruits. 25788419 1 7 theme INTRODUCTION 166:177 arg1 constituents 207:218 important constituents 197:218 important constituents in fruits 197:228 INTRODUCTION Carbohydrates are important constituents in fruits. 25788419 4 8 theme peach 611:615 arg1 composition 586:596 the disaccharide composition 569:596 the disaccharide composition of apple and peach 569:615 OBJECTIVES To establish a comprehensive method based on two-dimensional gas chromatography combined with time-of-flight MS detection (GC × GC-ToF/MS) to analyse the disaccharide composition of apple and peach. 25788419 7 9 theme various 1025:1031 arg1 configurations 1040:1053 various column configurations 1025:1053 various column configurations 1025:1053 Next, to perform the sample analysis using GC × GC-MS (which offers significant advantages over conventional GC because it allows higher separation efficiencies), various column configurations were assessed on the two-dimensional system to obtain enhanced separation and low detection limits. 25788419 0 10 theme α 108:108 arg1 Presence 96:103 the Presence 92:103 the Presence of α,α-Trehalose and Other Disaccharides in Apple and Peach 92:163 Comprehensive Two-dimensional Gas Chromatography Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry to Assess the Presence of α,α-Trehalose and Other Disaccharides in Apple and Peach. 25788419 10 11 theme apple 1535:1539 arg1 fruit 1551:1555 apple and peach fruit 1535:1555 apple and peach fruit using the developed GC × GC method and linear curve calibration 1535:1619 These compounds were quantified in several varieties of apple and peach fruit using the developed GC × GC method and linear curve calibration, resulting in substantial differences among the fruits. 25788419 12 12 theme several 1836:1842 arg1 disaccharides 1844:1856 several disaccharides 1836:1856 several disaccharides 1836:1856 CONCLUSION The proposed method allowed for the identification and quantification of several disaccharides in apple and peach, including the biomarker α,α-trehalose. 25788419 12 12 theme several 1836:1842 arg1 α 1902:1902 the biomarker α 1888:1902 the biomarker α 1888:1902 CONCLUSION The proposed method allowed for the identification and quantification of several disaccharides in apple and peach, including the biomarker α,α-trehalose. 25788419 3 13 theme preservation 356:367 arg1 biomarker 342:350 the abiotic stress biomarker and preservation agent α 323:375 biomarker 342:350 Indeed, the abiotic stress biomarker and preservation agent α,α-trehalose is a disaccharide. 25788419 3 13 theme preservation 356:367 arg1 disaccharide 394:405 a disaccharide 392:405 a disaccharide 392:405 Indeed, the abiotic stress biomarker and preservation agent α,α-trehalose is a disaccharide. 25788419 3 13 theme preservation 356:367 arg1 α 375:375 the abiotic stress biomarker and preservation agent α 323:375 α 375:375 Indeed, the abiotic stress biomarker and preservation agent α,α-trehalose is a disaccharide. 25788419 10 14 theme GC × GC 1577:1583 arg1 method 1585:1590 the developed GC × GC method 1563:1590 the developed GC × GC method 1563:1590 These compounds were quantified in several varieties of apple and peach fruit using the developed GC × GC method and linear curve calibration, resulting in substantial differences among the fruits. 25788419 12 15 dep identification 1799:1812 arg1 the 1795:1797 the 1795:1797 the 1795:1797 CONCLUSION The proposed method allowed for the identification and quantification of several disaccharides in apple and peach, including the biomarker α,α-trehalose. 25788419 0 16 theme α-Trehalose 110:120 arg1 Presence 96:103 the Presence 92:103 the Presence of α,α-Trehalose and Other Disaccharides in Apple and Peach 92:163 Comprehensive Two-dimensional Gas Chromatography Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry to Assess the Presence of α,α-Trehalose and Other Disaccharides in Apple and Peach. 25788419 4 17 theme MS 528:529 arg1 GC × GC-ToF/MS 542:555 GC × GC-ToF/MS 542:555 GC × GC-ToF/MS 542:555 OBJECTIVES To establish a comprehensive method based on two-dimensional gas chromatography combined with time-of-flight MS detection (GC × GC-ToF/MS) to analyse the disaccharide composition of apple and peach. 25788419 4 17 theme MS 528:529 arg1 detection 531:539 time-of-flight MS detection 513:539 time-of-flight MS detection (GC × GC-ToF/MS) 513:556 OBJECTIVES To establish a comprehensive method based on two-dimensional gas chromatography combined with time-of-flight MS detection (GC × GC-ToF/MS) to analyse the disaccharide composition of apple and peach. 25788419 5 18 theme aqueous-methanolic 662:679 arg1 extraction 681:690 aqueous-methanolic extraction 662:690 aqueous-methanolic extraction of the analytes 662:706 METHODS The sample preparation was based on aqueous-methanolic extraction of the analytes, followed by oxime formation and trimethylsilylation of the disaccharides. 25788419 6 19 theme one-dimensional 838:852 arg1 system 854:859 the one-dimensional system 834:859 the one-dimensional system 834:859 First, three columns were tested with standards on the one-dimensional system. 25788419 10 20 theme developed 1567:1575 arg1 method 1585:1590 the developed GC × GC method 1563:1590 the developed GC × GC method 1563:1590 These compounds were quantified in several varieties of apple and peach fruit using the developed GC × GC method and linear curve calibration, resulting in substantial differences among the fruits. 25788419 0 21 theme Two-dimensional 14:28 arg1 Spectrometry 69:80 Comprehensive Two-dimensional Gas Chromatography Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry 0:80 Comprehensive Two-dimensional Gas Chromatography Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry 0:80 Comprehensive Two-dimensional Gas Chromatography Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry to Assess the Presence of α,α-Trehalose and Other Disaccharides in Apple and Peach. 25788419 4 22 theme time-of-flight 513:526 arg1 GC × GC-ToF/MS 542:555 GC × GC-ToF/MS 542:555 GC × GC-ToF/MS 542:555 OBJECTIVES To establish a comprehensive method based on two-dimensional gas chromatography combined with time-of-flight MS detection (GC × GC-ToF/MS) to analyse the disaccharide composition of apple and peach. 25788419 4 22 theme time-of-flight 513:526 arg1 detection 531:539 time-of-flight MS detection 513:539 time-of-flight MS detection (GC × GC-ToF/MS) 513:556 OBJECTIVES To establish a comprehensive method based on two-dimensional gas chromatography combined with time-of-flight MS detection (GC × GC-ToF/MS) to analyse the disaccharide composition of apple and peach. 25788419 7 23 theme separation 999:1008 arg1 efficiencies 1010:1021 higher separation efficiencies 992:1021 higher separation efficiencies 992:1021 Next, to perform the sample analysis using GC × GC-MS (which offers significant advantages over conventional GC because it allows higher separation efficiencies), various column configurations were assessed on the two-dimensional system to obtain enhanced separation and low detection limits. 25788419 1 24 theme important 197:205 arg1 Carbohydrates 179:191 INTRODUCTION Carbohydrates 166:191 INTRODUCTION Carbohydrates 166:191 INTRODUCTION Carbohydrates are important constituents in fruits. 25788419 1 24 theme important 197:205 arg1 constituents 207:218 important constituents 197:218 important constituents in fruits 197:228 INTRODUCTION Carbohydrates are important constituents in fruits. 25788419 0 25 theme Comprehensive 0:12 arg1 Spectrometry 69:80 Comprehensive Two-dimensional Gas Chromatography Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry 0:80 Comprehensive Two-dimensional Gas Chromatography Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry 0:80 Comprehensive Two-dimensional Gas Chromatography Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry to Assess the Presence of α,α-Trehalose and Other Disaccharides in Apple and Peach. 25788419 10 26 theme several 1514:1520 arg1 fruit 1551:1555 apple and peach fruit 1535:1555 apple and peach fruit using the developed GC × GC method and linear curve calibration 1535:1619 These compounds were quantified in several varieties of apple and peach fruit using the developed GC × GC method and linear curve calibration, resulting in substantial differences among the fruits. 25788419 10 26 theme several 1514:1520 arg1 varieties 1522:1530 several varieties 1514:1530 several varieties of apple and peach fruit using the developed GC × GC method and linear curve calibration 1514:1619 These compounds were quantified in several varieties of apple and peach fruit using the developed GC × GC method and linear curve calibration, resulting in substantial differences among the fruits. 25788419 10 27 theme peach 1545:1549 arg1 fruit 1551:1555 apple and peach fruit 1535:1555 apple and peach fruit using the developed GC × GC method and linear curve calibration 1535:1619 These compounds were quantified in several varieties of apple and peach fruit using the developed GC × GC method and linear curve calibration, resulting in substantial differences among the fruits. 25788419 0 28 theme Chromatography 34:47 arg1 Spectrometry 69:80 Comprehensive Two-dimensional Gas Chromatography Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry 0:80 Comprehensive Two-dimensional Gas Chromatography Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry 0:80 Comprehensive Two-dimensional Gas Chromatography Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry to Assess the Presence of α,α-Trehalose and Other Disaccharides in Apple and Peach. 25788419 0 29 theme Disaccharides 132:144 arg1 Presence 96:103 the Presence 92:103 the Presence of α,α-Trehalose and Other Disaccharides in Apple and Peach 92:163 Comprehensive Two-dimensional Gas Chromatography Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry to Assess the Presence of α,α-Trehalose and Other Disaccharides in Apple and Peach. 25788419 7 30 theme sample 883:888 arg1 analysis 890:897 the sample analysis 879:897 the sample analysis 879:897 Next, to perform the sample analysis using GC × GC-MS (which offers significant advantages over conventional GC because it allows higher separation efficiencies), various column configurations were assessed on the two-dimensional system to obtain enhanced separation and low detection limits. 25788419 0 31 theme Gas 30:32 arg1 Spectrometry 69:80 Comprehensive Two-dimensional Gas Chromatography Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry 0:80 Comprehensive Two-dimensional Gas Chromatography Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry 0:80 Comprehensive Two-dimensional Gas Chromatography Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry to Assess the Presence of α,α-Trehalose and Other Disaccharides in Apple and Peach. 25788419 9 32 theme retention 1445:1453 arg1 index 1455:1459 retention index 1445:1459 retention index 1445:1459 RESULTS Using the method that proved to be more efficient, namely the method developed with the semi-polar/non-polar configuration, ten disaccharides were identified, based on analytical standards, retention index and mass spectra. 25788419 0 33 theme Other 126:130 arg1 Disaccharides 132:144 Other Disaccharides 126:144 Other Disaccharides 126:144 Comprehensive Two-dimensional Gas Chromatography Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry to Assess the Presence of α,α-Trehalose and Other Disaccharides in Apple and Peach. 25788419 4 34 theme two-dimensional 464:478 arg1 chromatography 484:497 two-dimensional gas chromatography 464:497 two-dimensional gas chromatography combined with time-of-flight MS detection (GC × GC-ToF/MS) to analyse the disaccharide composition of apple and peach 464:615 OBJECTIVES To establish a comprehensive method based on two-dimensional gas chromatography combined with time-of-flight MS detection (GC × GC-ToF/MS) to analyse the disaccharide composition of apple and peach. 25788419 8 35 theme column 1159:1164 arg1 sets 1166:1169 The column sets 1155:1169 The column sets tested 1155:1176 The column sets tested included non-polar/semi-polar, semi-polar/polar and polar/non-polar. 25788419 12 36 theme proposed 1767:1774 arg1 method 1776:1781 The proposed method 1763:1781 The proposed method 1763:1781 CONCLUSION The proposed method allowed for the identification and quantification of several disaccharides in apple and peach, including the biomarker α,α-trehalose. 25788419 0 37 theme Mass 64:67 arg1 Spectrometry 69:80 Comprehensive Two-dimensional Gas Chromatography Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry 0:80 Comprehensive Two-dimensional Gas Chromatography Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry 0:80 Comprehensive Two-dimensional Gas Chromatography Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry to Assess the Presence of α,α-Trehalose and Other Disaccharides in Apple and Peach. 25788419 4 38 theme apple 601:605 arg1 composition 586:596 the disaccharide composition 569:596 the disaccharide composition of apple and peach 569:615 OBJECTIVES To establish a comprehensive method based on two-dimensional gas chromatography combined with time-of-flight MS detection (GC × GC-ToF/MS) to analyse the disaccharide composition of apple and peach. 25788419 0 39 from Presence 96:103 arg1 Peach 159:163 Peach 159:163 Peach 159:163 Comprehensive Two-dimensional Gas Chromatography Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry to Assess the Presence of α,α-Trehalose and Other Disaccharides in Apple and Peach. 25788419 0 39 from Presence 96:103 arg1 Apple 149:153 Apple 149:153 Apple 149:153 Comprehensive Two-dimensional Gas Chromatography Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry to Assess the Presence of α,α-Trehalose and Other Disaccharides in Apple and Peach. 25788419 12 40 from apple 1861:1865 arg1 quantification 1818:1831 quantification 1818:1831 quantification 1818:1831 CONCLUSION The proposed method allowed for the identification and quantification of several disaccharides in apple and peach, including the biomarker α,α-trehalose. 25788419 12 40 from apple 1861:1865 arg1 identification 1799:1812 identification 1799:1812 identification 1799:1812 CONCLUSION The proposed method allowed for the identification and quantification of several disaccharides in apple and peach, including the biomarker α,α-trehalose. 25788419 7 41 theme significant 930:940 arg1 advantages 942:951 significant advantages 930:951 significant advantages 930:951 Next, to perform the sample analysis using GC × GC-MS (which offers significant advantages over conventional GC because it allows higher separation efficiencies), various column configurations were assessed on the two-dimensional system to obtain enhanced separation and low detection limits. 25788419 0 42 theme Time-of-flight 49:62 arg1 Spectrometry 69:80 Comprehensive Two-dimensional Gas Chromatography Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry 0:80 Comprehensive Two-dimensional Gas Chromatography Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry 0:80 Comprehensive Two-dimensional Gas Chromatography Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry to Assess the Presence of α,α-Trehalose and Other Disaccharides in Apple and Peach. 25788419 5 43 theme disaccharides 768:780 arg1 formation 727:735 oxime formation 721:735 oxime formation 721:735 METHODS The sample preparation was based on aqueous-methanolic extraction of the analytes, followed by oxime formation and trimethylsilylation of the disaccharides. 25788419 5 43 theme disaccharides 768:780 arg1 trimethylsilylation 741:759 trimethylsilylation 741:759 trimethylsilylation 741:759 METHODS The sample preparation was based on aqueous-methanolic extraction of the analytes, followed by oxime formation and trimethylsilylation of the disaccharides. 25788419 7 44 theme two-dimensional 1076:1090 arg1 system 1092:1097 the two-dimensional system 1072:1097 the two-dimensional system to obtain enhanced separation and low detection limits 1072:1152 Next, to perform the sample analysis using GC × GC-MS (which offers significant advantages over conventional GC because it allows higher separation efficiencies), various column configurations were assessed on the two-dimensional system to obtain enhanced separation and low detection limits. 25788419 3 45 theme agent 369:373 arg1 biomarker 342:350 the abiotic stress biomarker and preservation agent α 323:375 biomarker 342:350 Indeed, the abiotic stress biomarker and preservation agent α,α-trehalose is a disaccharide. 25788419 3 45 theme agent 369:373 arg1 disaccharide 394:405 a disaccharide 392:405 a disaccharide 392:405 Indeed, the abiotic stress biomarker and preservation agent α,α-trehalose is a disaccharide. 25788419 3 45 theme agent 369:373 arg1 α 375:375 the abiotic stress biomarker and preservation agent α 323:375 α 375:375 Indeed, the abiotic stress biomarker and preservation agent α,α-trehalose is a disaccharide. 25788419 7 46 theme detection 1137:1145 arg1 limits 1147:1152 low detection limits 1133:1152 low detection limits 1133:1152 Next, to perform the sample analysis using GC × GC-MS (which offers significant advantages over conventional GC because it allows higher separation efficiencies), various column configurations were assessed on the two-dimensional system to obtain enhanced separation and low detection limits. 25788419 7 47 theme enhanced 1109:1116 arg1 separation 1118:1127 enhanced separation 1109:1127 enhanced separation 1109:1127 Next, to perform the sample analysis using GC × GC-MS (which offers significant advantages over conventional GC because it allows higher separation efficiencies), various column configurations were assessed on the two-dimensional system to obtain enhanced separation and low detection limits. 25788419 4 48 theme gas 480:482 arg1 chromatography 484:497 two-dimensional gas chromatography 464:497 two-dimensional gas chromatography combined with time-of-flight MS detection (GC × GC-ToF/MS) to analyse the disaccharide composition of apple and peach 464:615 OBJECTIVES To establish a comprehensive method based on two-dimensional gas chromatography combined with time-of-flight MS detection (GC × GC-ToF/MS) to analyse the disaccharide composition of apple and peach. 25788419 12 49 from disaccharides 1844:1856 arg1 peach 1871:1875 peach 1871:1875 peach 1871:1875 CONCLUSION The proposed method allowed for the identification and quantification of several disaccharides in apple and peach, including the biomarker α,α-trehalose. 25788419 12 49 from disaccharides 1844:1856 arg1 apple 1861:1865 apple 1861:1865 apple 1861:1865 CONCLUSION The proposed method allowed for the identification and quantification of several disaccharides in apple and peach, including the biomarker α,α-trehalose. 25788419 12 50 theme biomarker 1892:1900 arg1 α-trehalose 1904:1914 α-trehalose 1904:1914 α-trehalose 1904:1914 CONCLUSION The proposed method allowed for the identification and quantification of several disaccharides in apple and peach, including the biomarker α,α-trehalose. 25788419 12 50 theme biomarker 1892:1900 arg1 α 1902:1902 the biomarker α 1888:1902 the biomarker α 1888:1902 CONCLUSION The proposed method allowed for the identification and quantification of several disaccharides in apple and peach, including the biomarker α,α-trehalose. 25788419 7 51 theme low 1133:1135 arg1 limits 1147:1152 low detection limits 1133:1152 low detection limits 1133:1152 Next, to perform the sample analysis using GC × GC-MS (which offers significant advantages over conventional GC because it allows higher separation efficiencies), various column configurations were assessed on the two-dimensional system to obtain enhanced separation and low detection limits. 25788419 4 52 theme disaccharide 573:584 arg1 composition 586:596 the disaccharide composition 569:596 the disaccharide composition of apple and peach 569:615 OBJECTIVES To establish a comprehensive method based on two-dimensional gas chromatography combined with time-of-flight MS detection (GC × GC-ToF/MS) to analyse the disaccharide composition of apple and peach. 25788419 5 53 theme oxime 721:725 arg1 formation 727:735 oxime formation 721:735 oxime formation 721:735 METHODS The sample preparation was based on aqueous-methanolic extraction of the analytes, followed by oxime formation and trimethylsilylation of the disaccharides. 25788419 4 54 theme comprehensive 434:446 arg1 method 448:453 a comprehensive method 432:453 a comprehensive method based on two-dimensional gas chromatography combined with time-of-flight MS detection (GC × GC-ToF/MS) to analyse the disaccharide composition of apple and peach 432:615 OBJECTIVES To establish a comprehensive method based on two-dimensional gas chromatography combined with time-of-flight MS detection (GC × GC-ToF/MS) to analyse the disaccharide composition of apple and peach. 25788419 9 55 theme semi-polar/non-polar 1343:1362 arg1 configuration 1364:1376 the semi-polar/non-polar configuration 1339:1376 the semi-polar/non-polar configuration 1339:1376 RESULTS Using the method that proved to be more efficient, namely the method developed with the semi-polar/non-polar configuration, ten disaccharides were identified, based on analytical standards, retention index and mass spectra. 25788419 12 56 dep CONCLUSION 1752:1761 arg1 allowed 1783:1789 allowed 1783:1789 allowed for the identification and quantification of several disaccharides in apple and peach, including the biomarker α,α-trehalose 1783:1914 CONCLUSION The proposed method allowed for the identification and quantification of several disaccharides in apple and peach, including the biomarker α,α-trehalose. 25788419 12 57 theme disaccharides 1844:1856 arg1 quantification 1818:1831 quantification 1818:1831 quantification 1818:1831 CONCLUSION The proposed method allowed for the identification and quantification of several disaccharides in apple and peach, including the biomarker α,α-trehalose. 25788419 12 57 theme disaccharides 1844:1856 arg1 identification 1799:1812 identification 1799:1812 identification 1799:1812 CONCLUSION The proposed method allowed for the identification and quantification of several disaccharides in apple and peach, including the biomarker α,α-trehalose. 25788419 7 58 theme higher 992:997 arg1 efficiencies 1010:1021 higher separation efficiencies 992:1021 higher separation efficiencies 992:1021 Next, to perform the sample analysis using GC × GC-MS (which offers significant advantages over conventional GC because it allows higher separation efficiencies), various column configurations were assessed on the two-dimensional system to obtain enhanced separation and low detection limits. 25788419 5 59 dep based 653:657 arg1 followed 709:716 followed 709:716 followed by oxime formation and trimethylsilylation of the disaccharides 709:780 METHODS The sample preparation was based on aqueous-methanolic extraction of the analytes, followed by oxime formation and trimethylsilylation of the disaccharides. 25788419 12 60 from peach 1871:1875 arg1 quantification 1818:1831 quantification 1818:1831 quantification 1818:1831 CONCLUSION The proposed method allowed for the identification and quantification of several disaccharides in apple and peach, including the biomarker α,α-trehalose. 25788419 12 60 from peach 1871:1875 arg1 identification 1799:1812 identification 1799:1812 identification 1799:1812 CONCLUSION The proposed method allowed for the identification and quantification of several disaccharides in apple and peach, including the biomarker α,α-trehalose. 25788419 12 61 from quantification 1818:1831 arg1 peach 1871:1875 peach 1871:1875 peach 1871:1875 CONCLUSION The proposed method allowed for the identification and quantification of several disaccharides in apple and peach, including the biomarker α,α-trehalose. 25788419 12 61 from quantification 1818:1831 arg1 apple 1861:1865 apple 1861:1865 apple 1861:1865 CONCLUSION The proposed method allowed for the identification and quantification of several disaccharides in apple and peach, including the biomarker α,α-trehalose. 25788419 11 62 theme significant 1727:1737 arg1 differences 1739:1749 no significant differences 1724:1749 no significant differences 1724:1749 However, cultivars within the fruits exhibited no significant differences. 25788419 10 63 theme linear 1596:1601 arg1 calibration 1609:1619 linear curve calibration 1596:1619 linear curve calibration 1596:1619 These compounds were quantified in several varieties of apple and peach fruit using the developed GC × GC method and linear curve calibration, resulting in substantial differences among the fruits. 25788419 1 64 from constituents 207:218 arg1 fruits 223:228 fruits 223:228 fruits 223:228 INTRODUCTION Carbohydrates are important constituents in fruits. 25788419 7 65 theme conventional 958:969 arg1 GC 971:972 conventional GC 958:972 conventional GC 958:972 Next, to perform the sample analysis using GC × GC-MS (which offers significant advantages over conventional GC because it allows higher separation efficiencies), various column configurations were assessed on the two-dimensional system to obtain enhanced separation and low detection limits. 25788419 10 66 theme substantial 1635:1645 arg1 differences 1647:1657 substantial differences 1635:1657 substantial differences among the fruits 1635:1674 These compounds were quantified in several varieties of apple and peach fruit using the developed GC × GC method and linear curve calibration, resulting in substantial differences among the fruits. 25788419 12 67 from identification 1799:1812 arg1 peach 1871:1875 peach 1871:1875 peach 1871:1875 CONCLUSION The proposed method allowed for the identification and quantification of several disaccharides in apple and peach, including the biomarker α,α-trehalose. 25788419 12 67 from identification 1799:1812 arg1 apple 1861:1865 apple 1861:1865 apple 1861:1865 CONCLUSION The proposed method allowed for the identification and quantification of several disaccharides in apple and peach, including the biomarker α,α-trehalose. 25788419 7 68 theme column 1033:1038 arg1 configurations 1040:1053 various column configurations 1025:1053 various column configurations 1025:1053 Next, to perform the sample analysis using GC × GC-MS (which offers significant advantages over conventional GC because it allows higher separation efficiencies), various column configurations were assessed on the two-dimensional system to obtain enhanced separation and low detection limits. 25788419 5 69 dep METHODS 618:624 arg1 based 653:657 based 653:657 based 653:657 METHODS The sample preparation was based on aqueous-methanolic extraction of the analytes, followed by oxime formation and trimethylsilylation of the disaccharides. 25788419 9 70 theme mass 1465:1468 arg1 spectra 1470:1476 mass spectra 1465:1476 mass spectra 1465:1476 RESULTS Using the method that proved to be more efficient, namely the method developed with the semi-polar/non-polar configuration, ten disaccharides were identified, based on analytical standards, retention index and mass spectra. 24406731 0 0 theme second 77:82 arg1 phase 84:88 the second phase 73:88 the second phase 73:88 Dual drug release electrospun core-shell nanofibers with tunable dose in the second phase. 24406731 4 1 theme modified 694:701 arg1 electrospinning 711:725 the modified coaxial electrospinning 690:725 the modified coaxial electrospinning 690:725 The Teflon-coated concentric spinneret may facilitate the efficacious and stable preparation of core-shell nanofibers through the modified coaxial electrospinning, where the core fluids were electrospinnable and the shell fluid had no electrospinnability. 24406731 1 2 theme core-shell 136:145 arg1 nanofibers 147:156 drug-loaded core-shell nanofibers 124:156 drug-loaded core-shell nanofibers 124:156 This study reports a new type of drug-loaded core-shell nanofibers capable of providing dual controlled release with tunable dose in the second phase. 24406731 6 3 theme core 1026:1029 arg1 matrices 1039:1046 core polymer matrices 1026:1046 core polymer matrices 1026:1046 APAP was amorphously distributed in the shell and core polymer matrices due to the favorite second-order interactions, as indicated by the X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopic tests. 24406731 8 4 theme desired 1557:1563 arg1 performances 1576:1587 the desired functional performances 1553:1587 the desired functional performances 1553:1587 The modified coaxial electrospinning is a useful tool to generate nanostructures with a tailored components and compositions in their different parts, and thus to realize the desired functional performances. 24406731 7 5 dep in 1184:1185 arg1 vitro 1187:1191 vitro 1187:1191 vitro 1187:1191 The results from the in vitro dissolution tests demonstrated that the core-shell nanofibers were able to furnish the desired dual drug controlled-release profiles with a tunable drug release amount in the second phase. 24406731 1 6 theme nanofibers 147:156 arg1 type 116:119 a new type 110:119 a new type of drug-loaded core-shell nanofibers capable of providing dual controlled release with tunable dose in the second phase 110:239 This study reports a new type of drug-loaded core-shell nanofibers capable of providing dual controlled release with tunable dose in the second phase. 24406731 6 7 theme polymer 1031:1037 arg1 matrices 1039:1046 core polymer matrices 1026:1046 core polymer matrices 1026:1046 APAP was amorphously distributed in the shell and core polymer matrices due to the favorite second-order interactions, as indicated by the X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopic tests. 24406731 4 8 theme shell 780:784 arg1 fluid 786:790 the shell fluid 776:790 the shell fluid 776:790 The Teflon-coated concentric spinneret may facilitate the efficacious and stable preparation of core-shell nanofibers through the modified coaxial electrospinning, where the core fluids were electrospinnable and the shell fluid had no electrospinnability. 24406731 8 9 theme useful 1424:1429 arg1 electrospinning 1403:1417 The modified coaxial electrospinning 1382:1417 The modified coaxial electrospinning 1382:1417 The modified coaxial electrospinning is a useful tool to generate nanostructures with a tailored components and compositions in their different parts, and thus to realize the desired functional performances. 24406731 8 9 theme useful 1424:1429 arg1 tool 1431:1434 a useful tool 1422:1434 a useful tool to generate nanostructures with a tailored components and compositions in their different parts, and thus to realize the desired functional performances 1422:1587 The modified coaxial electrospinning is a useful tool to generate nanostructures with a tailored components and compositions in their different parts, and thus to realize the desired functional performances. 24406731 4 10 theme concentric 582:591 arg1 spinneret 593:601 The Teflon-coated concentric spinneret 564:601 The Teflon-coated concentric spinneret 564:601 The Teflon-coated concentric spinneret may facilitate the efficacious and stable preparation of core-shell nanofibers through the modified coaxial electrospinning, where the core fluids were electrospinnable and the shell fluid had no electrospinnability. 24406731 7 11 theme dual 1288:1291 arg1 profiles 1317:1324 the desired dual drug controlled-release profiles 1276:1324 the desired dual drug controlled-release profiles with a tunable drug release amount in the second phase 1276:1379 The results from the in vitro dissolution tests demonstrated that the core-shell nanofibers were able to furnish the desired dual drug controlled-release profiles with a tunable drug release amount in the second phase. 24406731 7 12 theme desired 1280:1286 arg1 profiles 1317:1324 the desired dual drug controlled-release profiles 1276:1324 the desired dual drug controlled-release profiles with a tunable drug release amount in the second phase 1276:1379 The results from the in vitro dissolution tests demonstrated that the core-shell nanofibers were able to furnish the desired dual drug controlled-release profiles with a tunable drug release amount in the second phase. 24406731 4 13 theme Teflon-coated 568:580 arg1 spinneret 593:601 The Teflon-coated concentric spinneret 564:601 The Teflon-coated concentric spinneret 564:601 The Teflon-coated concentric spinneret may facilitate the efficacious and stable preparation of core-shell nanofibers through the modified coaxial electrospinning, where the core fluids were electrospinnable and the shell fluid had no electrospinnability. 24406731 4 14 theme coaxial 703:709 arg1 electrospinning 711:725 the modified coaxial electrospinning 690:725 the modified coaxial electrospinning 690:725 The Teflon-coated concentric spinneret may facilitate the efficacious and stable preparation of core-shell nanofibers through the modified coaxial electrospinning, where the core fluids were electrospinnable and the shell fluid had no electrospinnability. 24406731 7 15 theme drug 1293:1296 arg1 profiles 1317:1324 the desired dual drug controlled-release profiles 1276:1324 the desired dual drug controlled-release profiles with a tunable drug release amount in the second phase 1276:1379 The results from the in vitro dissolution tests demonstrated that the core-shell nanofibers were able to furnish the desired dual drug controlled-release profiles with a tunable drug release amount in the second phase. 24406731 7 16 with profiles 1317:1324 arg1 amount 1354:1359 a tunable drug release amount 1331:1359 a tunable drug release amount in the second phase 1331:1379 The results from the in vitro dissolution tests demonstrated that the core-shell nanofibers were able to furnish the desired dual drug controlled-release profiles with a tunable drug release amount in the second phase. 24406731 5 17 theme resultant 824:832 arg1 nanofibers 834:843 The resultant nanofibers 820:843 The resultant nanofibers 820:843 The resultant nanofibers had linear morphologies and clear core-shell structures, as observed by the scanning and transmission electron microscopic images. 24406731 5 18 theme microscopic 956:966 arg1 images 968:973 electron microscopic images 947:973 electron microscopic images 947:973 The resultant nanofibers had linear morphologies and clear core-shell structures, as observed by the scanning and transmission electron microscopic images. 24406731 1 19 theme capable 158:164 arg1 type 116:119 a new type 110:119 a new type of drug-loaded core-shell nanofibers capable of providing dual controlled release with tunable dose in the second phase 110:239 This study reports a new type of drug-loaded core-shell nanofibers capable of providing dual controlled release with tunable dose in the second phase. 24406731 7 20 theme core-shell 1233:1242 arg1 nanofibers 1244:1253 the core-shell nanofibers 1229:1253 the core-shell nanofibers 1229:1253 The results from the in vitro dissolution tests demonstrated that the core-shell nanofibers were able to furnish the desired dual drug controlled-release profiles with a tunable drug release amount in the second phase. 24406731 7 20 theme core-shell 1233:1242 arg1 able 1260:1263 able 1260:1263 able 1260:1263 The results from the in vitro dissolution tests demonstrated that the core-shell nanofibers were able to furnish the desired dual drug controlled-release profiles with a tunable drug release amount in the second phase. 24406731 7 21 theme in 1184:1185 arg1 tests 1205:1209 the in vitro dissolution tests 1180:1209 the in vitro dissolution tests 1180:1209 The results from the in vitro dissolution tests demonstrated that the core-shell nanofibers were able to furnish the desired dual drug controlled-release profiles with a tunable drug release amount in the second phase. 24406731 6 22 theme spectroscopic 1142:1154 arg1 tests 1156:1160 FTIR spectroscopic tests 1137:1160 FTIR spectroscopic tests 1137:1160 APAP was amorphously distributed in the shell and core polymer matrices due to the favorite second-order interactions, as indicated by the X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopic tests. 24406731 0 23 theme drug 5:8 arg1 core-shell 30:39 Dual drug release electrospun core-shell 0:39 Dual drug release electrospun core-shell 0:39 Dual drug release electrospun core-shell nanofibers with tunable dose in the second phase. 24406731 6 24 theme X-ray 1115:1119 arg1 diffraction 1121:1131 the X-ray diffraction 1111:1131 the X-ray diffraction 1111:1131 APAP was amorphously distributed in the shell and core polymer matrices due to the favorite second-order interactions, as indicated by the X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopic tests. 24406731 7 25 theme controlled-release 1298:1315 arg1 profiles 1317:1324 the desired dual drug controlled-release profiles 1276:1324 the desired dual drug controlled-release profiles with a tunable drug release amount in the second phase 1276:1379 The results from the in vitro dissolution tests demonstrated that the core-shell nanofibers were able to furnish the desired dual drug controlled-release profiles with a tunable drug release amount in the second phase. 24406731 5 26 dep scanning 921:928 arg1 the 917:919 the 917:919 the 917:919 The resultant nanofibers had linear morphologies and clear core-shell structures, as observed by the scanning and transmission electron microscopic images. 24406731 5 26 dep scanning 921:928 arg1 images 968:973 electron microscopic images 947:973 electron microscopic images 947:973 The resultant nanofibers had linear morphologies and clear core-shell structures, as observed by the scanning and transmission electron microscopic images. 24406731 7 27 from tests 1205:1209 arg1 results 1167:1173 The results 1163:1173 The results from the in vitro dissolution tests 1163:1209 The results from the in vitro dissolution tests demonstrated that the core-shell nanofibers were able to furnish the desired dual drug controlled-release profiles with a tunable drug release amount in the second phase. 24406731 0 28 theme Dual 0:3 arg1 core-shell 30:39 Dual drug release electrospun core-shell 0:39 Dual drug release electrospun core-shell 0:39 Dual drug release electrospun core-shell nanofibers with tunable dose in the second phase. 24406731 2 29 theme coaxial 303:309 arg1 electrospinning 311:325 a modified coaxial electrospinning 292:325 a modified coaxial electrospinning using a Teflon-coated concentric spinneret 292:368 The core-shell nanofibers were fabricated through a modified coaxial electrospinning using a Teflon-coated concentric spinneret. 24406731 7 30 theme drug 1341:1344 arg1 amount 1354:1359 a tunable drug release amount 1331:1359 a tunable drug release amount in the second phase 1331:1379 The results from the in vitro dissolution tests demonstrated that the core-shell nanofibers were able to furnish the desired dual drug controlled-release profiles with a tunable drug release amount in the second phase. 24406731 1 31 theme dual 179:182 arg1 release 195:201 dual controlled release 179:201 dual controlled release 179:201 This study reports a new type of drug-loaded core-shell nanofibers capable of providing dual controlled release with tunable dose in the second phase. 24406731 0 32 theme electrospun 18:28 arg1 core-shell 30:39 Dual drug release electrospun core-shell 0:39 Dual drug release electrospun core-shell 0:39 Dual drug release electrospun core-shell nanofibers with tunable dose in the second phase. 24406731 5 33 theme clear 873:877 arg1 structures 890:899 clear core-shell structures 873:899 clear core-shell structures 873:899 The resultant nanofibers had linear morphologies and clear core-shell structures, as observed by the scanning and transmission electron microscopic images. 24406731 3 34 from content 486:492 arg1 core 543:546 the core 539:546 the core 539:546 Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and ethyl cellulose were used as the shell and core polymer matrices respectively, and the content of active ingredient acetaminophen (APAP) in the core was programmed. 24406731 2 35 theme modified 294:301 arg1 electrospinning 311:325 a modified coaxial electrospinning 292:325 a modified coaxial electrospinning using a Teflon-coated concentric spinneret 292:368 The core-shell nanofibers were fabricated through a modified coaxial electrospinning using a Teflon-coated concentric spinneret. 24406731 1 36 theme controlled 184:193 arg1 release 195:201 dual controlled release 179:201 dual controlled release 179:201 This study reports a new type of drug-loaded core-shell nanofibers capable of providing dual controlled release with tunable dose in the second phase. 24406731 0 37 theme release 10:16 arg1 core-shell 30:39 Dual drug release electrospun core-shell 0:39 Dual drug release electrospun core-shell 0:39 Dual drug release electrospun core-shell nanofibers with tunable dose in the second phase. 24406731 8 38 theme functional 1565:1574 arg1 performances 1576:1587 the desired functional performances 1553:1587 the desired functional performances 1553:1587 The modified coaxial electrospinning is a useful tool to generate nanostructures with a tailored components and compositions in their different parts, and thus to realize the desired functional performances. 24406731 6 39 theme due 1048:1050 arg1 shell 1016:1020 shell 1016:1020 shell 1016:1020 APAP was amorphously distributed in the shell and core polymer matrices due to the favorite second-order interactions, as indicated by the X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopic tests. 24406731 3 40 theme active 497:502 arg1 ingredient 504:513 active ingredient acetaminophen (APAP) 497:534 active ingredient acetaminophen (APAP) 497:534 Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and ethyl cellulose were used as the shell and core polymer matrices respectively, and the content of active ingredient acetaminophen (APAP) in the core was programmed. 24406731 4 41 theme efficacious 622:632 arg1 preparation 645:655 the efficacious and stable preparation 618:655 the efficacious and stable preparation of core-shell nanofibers 618:680 The Teflon-coated concentric spinneret may facilitate the efficacious and stable preparation of core-shell nanofibers through the modified coaxial electrospinning, where the core fluids were electrospinnable and the shell fluid had no electrospinnability. 24406731 7 42 theme release 1346:1352 arg1 amount 1354:1359 a tunable drug release amount 1331:1359 a tunable drug release amount in the second phase 1331:1379 The results from the in vitro dissolution tests demonstrated that the core-shell nanofibers were able to furnish the desired dual drug controlled-release profiles with a tunable drug release amount in the second phase. 24406731 5 43 theme electron 947:954 arg1 images 968:973 electron microscopic images 947:973 electron microscopic images 947:973 The resultant nanofibers had linear morphologies and clear core-shell structures, as observed by the scanning and transmission electron microscopic images. 24406731 8 44 from nanostructures 1448:1461 arg1 parts 1526:1530 their different parts 1510:1530 their different parts 1510:1530 The modified coaxial electrospinning is a useful tool to generate nanostructures with a tailored components and compositions in their different parts, and thus to realize the desired functional performances. 24406731 5 45 contain had 845:847 arg1 nanofibers 834:843 The resultant nanofibers 820:843 The resultant nanofibers 820:843 The resultant nanofibers had linear morphologies and clear core-shell structures, as observed by the scanning and transmission electron microscopic images. 24406731 5 45 contain had 845:847 arg2 structures 890:899 clear core-shell structures 873:899 clear core-shell structures 873:899 The resultant nanofibers had linear morphologies and clear core-shell structures, as observed by the scanning and transmission electron microscopic images. 24406731 5 45 contain had 845:847 arg2 morphologies 856:867 linear morphologies 849:867 linear morphologies 849:867 The resultant nanofibers had linear morphologies and clear core-shell structures, as observed by the scanning and transmission electron microscopic images. 24406731 4 46 theme stable 638:643 arg1 preparation 645:655 the efficacious and stable preparation 618:655 the efficacious and stable preparation of core-shell nanofibers 618:680 The Teflon-coated concentric spinneret may facilitate the efficacious and stable preparation of core-shell nanofibers through the modified coaxial electrospinning, where the core fluids were electrospinnable and the shell fluid had no electrospinnability. 24406731 4 47 theme nanofibers 671:680 arg1 preparation 645:655 the efficacious and stable preparation 618:655 the efficacious and stable preparation of core-shell nanofibers 618:680 The Teflon-coated concentric spinneret may facilitate the efficacious and stable preparation of core-shell nanofibers through the modified coaxial electrospinning, where the core fluids were electrospinnable and the shell fluid had no electrospinnability. 24406731 3 48 theme core 442:445 arg1 Poly 371:374 Poly 371:374 Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) 371:393 Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and ethyl cellulose were used as the shell and core polymer matrices respectively, and the content of active ingredient acetaminophen (APAP) in the core was programmed. 24406731 3 48 theme core 442:445 arg1 matrices 455:462 the shell and core polymer matrices 428:462 matrices 455:462 Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and ethyl cellulose were used as the shell and core polymer matrices respectively, and the content of active ingredient acetaminophen (APAP) in the core was programmed. 24406731 3 48 theme core 442:445 arg1 cellulose 405:413 ethyl cellulose 399:413 ethyl cellulose 399:413 Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and ethyl cellulose were used as the shell and core polymer matrices respectively, and the content of active ingredient acetaminophen (APAP) in the core was programmed. 24406731 4 49 theme core-shell 660:669 arg1 nanofibers 671:680 core-shell nanofibers 660:680 core-shell nanofibers 660:680 The Teflon-coated concentric spinneret may facilitate the efficacious and stable preparation of core-shell nanofibers through the modified coaxial electrospinning, where the core fluids were electrospinnable and the shell fluid had no electrospinnability. 24406731 8 50 theme different 1516:1524 arg1 parts 1526:1530 their different parts 1510:1530 their different parts 1510:1530 The modified coaxial electrospinning is a useful tool to generate nanostructures with a tailored components and compositions in their different parts, and thus to realize the desired functional performances. 24406731 3 51 theme vinyl 376:380 arg1 Poly 371:374 Poly 371:374 Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) 371:393 Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and ethyl cellulose were used as the shell and core polymer matrices respectively, and the content of active ingredient acetaminophen (APAP) in the core was programmed. 24406731 3 51 theme vinyl 376:380 arg1 pyrrolidone 382:392 vinyl pyrrolidone 376:392 vinyl pyrrolidone 376:392 Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and ethyl cellulose were used as the shell and core polymer matrices respectively, and the content of active ingredient acetaminophen (APAP) in the core was programmed. 24406731 5 52 theme core-shell 879:888 arg1 structures 890:899 clear core-shell structures 873:899 clear core-shell structures 873:899 The resultant nanofibers had linear morphologies and clear core-shell structures, as observed by the scanning and transmission electron microscopic images. 24406731 1 53 theme tunable 208:214 arg1 dose 216:219 tunable dose 208:219 tunable dose in the second phase 208:239 This study reports a new type of drug-loaded core-shell nanofibers capable of providing dual controlled release with tunable dose in the second phase. 24406731 0 54 theme tunable 57:63 arg1 dose 65:68 tunable dose 57:68 tunable dose 57:68 Dual drug release electrospun core-shell nanofibers with tunable dose in the second phase. 24406731 4 55 contain had 792:794 arg1 fluid 786:790 the shell fluid 776:790 the shell fluid 776:790 The Teflon-coated concentric spinneret may facilitate the efficacious and stable preparation of core-shell nanofibers through the modified coaxial electrospinning, where the core fluids were electrospinnable and the shell fluid had no electrospinnability. 24406731 4 55 contain had 792:794 arg2 electrospinnability 799:817 no electrospinnability 796:817 no electrospinnability 796:817 The Teflon-coated concentric spinneret may facilitate the efficacious and stable preparation of core-shell nanofibers through the modified coaxial electrospinning, where the core fluids were electrospinnable and the shell fluid had no electrospinnability. 24406731 6 56 theme second-order 1068:1079 arg1 interactions 1081:1092 the favorite second-order interactions 1055:1092 the favorite second-order interactions 1055:1092 APAP was amorphously distributed in the shell and core polymer matrices due to the favorite second-order interactions, as indicated by the X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopic tests. 24406731 8 57 with nanostructures 1448:1461 arg1 compositions 1494:1505 compositions 1494:1505 compositions 1494:1505 The modified coaxial electrospinning is a useful tool to generate nanostructures with a tailored components and compositions in their different parts, and thus to realize the desired functional performances. 24406731 8 57 with nanostructures 1448:1461 arg1 components 1479:1488 a tailored components 1468:1488 a tailored components 1468:1488 The modified coaxial electrospinning is a useful tool to generate nanostructures with a tailored components and compositions in their different parts, and thus to realize the desired functional performances. 24406731 1 58 from dose 216:219 arg1 phase 235:239 the second phase 224:239 the second phase 224:239 This study reports a new type of drug-loaded core-shell nanofibers capable of providing dual controlled release with tunable dose in the second phase. 24406731 2 59 theme concentric 349:358 arg1 spinneret 360:368 a Teflon-coated concentric spinneret 333:368 a Teflon-coated concentric spinneret 333:368 The core-shell nanofibers were fabricated through a modified coaxial electrospinning using a Teflon-coated concentric spinneret. 24406731 7 60 theme second 1368:1373 arg1 phase 1375:1379 the second phase 1364:1379 the second phase 1364:1379 The results from the in vitro dissolution tests demonstrated that the core-shell nanofibers were able to furnish the desired dual drug controlled-release profiles with a tunable drug release amount in the second phase. 24406731 7 61 from amount 1354:1359 arg1 phase 1375:1379 the second phase 1364:1379 the second phase 1364:1379 The results from the in vitro dissolution tests demonstrated that the core-shell nanofibers were able to furnish the desired dual drug controlled-release profiles with a tunable drug release amount in the second phase. 24406731 2 62 theme Teflon-coated 335:347 arg1 spinneret 360:368 a Teflon-coated concentric spinneret 333:368 a Teflon-coated concentric spinneret 333:368 The core-shell nanofibers were fabricated through a modified coaxial electrospinning using a Teflon-coated concentric spinneret. 24406731 7 63 theme dissolution 1193:1203 arg1 tests 1205:1209 the in vitro dissolution tests 1180:1209 the in vitro dissolution tests 1180:1209 The results from the in vitro dissolution tests demonstrated that the core-shell nanofibers were able to furnish the desired dual drug controlled-release profiles with a tunable drug release amount in the second phase. 24406731 3 64 used used 420:423 arg2 cellulose 405:413 ethyl cellulose 399:413 ethyl cellulose 399:413 Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and ethyl cellulose were used as the shell and core polymer matrices respectively, and the content of active ingredient acetaminophen (APAP) in the core was programmed. 24406731 3 64 used used 420:423 arg2 Poly 371:374 Poly 371:374 Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) 371:393 Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and ethyl cellulose were used as the shell and core polymer matrices respectively, and the content of active ingredient acetaminophen (APAP) in the core was programmed. 24406731 3 64 used used 420:423 arg2 pyrrolidone 382:392 vinyl pyrrolidone 376:392 vinyl pyrrolidone 376:392 Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and ethyl cellulose were used as the shell and core polymer matrices respectively, and the content of active ingredient acetaminophen (APAP) in the core was programmed. 24406731 3 64 used used 420:423 arg2 matrices 455:462 the shell and core polymer matrices 428:462 matrices 455:462 Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and ethyl cellulose were used as the shell and core polymer matrices respectively, and the content of active ingredient acetaminophen (APAP) in the core was programmed. 24406731 3 64 used used 420:423 arg2 shell 432:436 the shell and core polymer matrices 428:462 shell 432:436 Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and ethyl cellulose were used as the shell and core polymer matrices respectively, and the content of active ingredient acetaminophen (APAP) in the core was programmed. 24406731 8 65 theme tailored 1470:1477 arg1 components 1479:1488 a tailored components 1468:1488 a tailored components 1468:1488 The modified coaxial electrospinning is a useful tool to generate nanostructures with a tailored components and compositions in their different parts, and thus to realize the desired functional performances. 24406731 2 66 theme core-shell 246:255 arg1 nanofibers 257:266 The core-shell nanofibers 242:266 The core-shell nanofibers 242:266 The core-shell nanofibers were fabricated through a modified coaxial electrospinning using a Teflon-coated concentric spinneret. 24406731 1 67 theme new 112:114 arg1 type 116:119 a new type 110:119 a new type of drug-loaded core-shell nanofibers capable of providing dual controlled release with tunable dose in the second phase 110:239 This study reports a new type of drug-loaded core-shell nanofibers capable of providing dual controlled release with tunable dose in the second phase. 24406731 3 68 dep ingredient 504:513 arg1 APAP 530:533 APAP 530:533 APAP 530:533 Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and ethyl cellulose were used as the shell and core polymer matrices respectively, and the content of active ingredient acetaminophen (APAP) in the core was programmed. 24406731 3 68 dep ingredient 504:513 arg1 acetaminophen 515:527 acetaminophen 515:527 active ingredient acetaminophen (APAP) 497:534 Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and ethyl cellulose were used as the shell and core polymer matrices respectively, and the content of active ingredient acetaminophen (APAP) in the core was programmed. 24406731 6 69 theme favorite 1059:1066 arg1 interactions 1081:1092 the favorite second-order interactions 1055:1092 the favorite second-order interactions 1055:1092 APAP was amorphously distributed in the shell and core polymer matrices due to the favorite second-order interactions, as indicated by the X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopic tests. 24406731 8 70 theme coaxial 1395:1401 arg1 electrospinning 1403:1417 The modified coaxial electrospinning 1382:1417 The modified coaxial electrospinning 1382:1417 The modified coaxial electrospinning is a useful tool to generate nanostructures with a tailored components and compositions in their different parts, and thus to realize the desired functional performances. 24406731 8 70 theme coaxial 1395:1401 arg1 tool 1431:1434 a useful tool 1422:1434 a useful tool to generate nanostructures with a tailored components and compositions in their different parts, and thus to realize the desired functional performances 1422:1587 The modified coaxial electrospinning is a useful tool to generate nanostructures with a tailored components and compositions in their different parts, and thus to realize the desired functional performances. 24406731 6 71 dep shell 1016:1020 arg1 the 1012:1014 the 1012:1014 the 1012:1014 APAP was amorphously distributed in the shell and core polymer matrices due to the favorite second-order interactions, as indicated by the X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopic tests. 24406731 8 72 theme modified 1386:1393 arg1 electrospinning 1403:1417 The modified coaxial electrospinning 1382:1417 The modified coaxial electrospinning 1382:1417 The modified coaxial electrospinning is a useful tool to generate nanostructures with a tailored components and compositions in their different parts, and thus to realize the desired functional performances. 24406731 8 72 theme modified 1386:1393 arg1 tool 1431:1434 a useful tool 1422:1434 a useful tool to generate nanostructures with a tailored components and compositions in their different parts, and thus to realize the desired functional performances 1422:1587 The modified coaxial electrospinning is a useful tool to generate nanostructures with a tailored components and compositions in their different parts, and thus to realize the desired functional performances. 24406731 6 73 theme FTIR 1137:1140 arg1 tests 1156:1160 FTIR spectroscopic tests 1137:1160 FTIR spectroscopic tests 1137:1160 APAP was amorphously distributed in the shell and core polymer matrices due to the favorite second-order interactions, as indicated by the X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopic tests. 24406731 4 74 theme core 738:741 arg1 electrospinnable 755:770 electrospinnable 755:770 electrospinnable 755:770 The Teflon-coated concentric spinneret may facilitate the efficacious and stable preparation of core-shell nanofibers through the modified coaxial electrospinning, where the core fluids were electrospinnable and the shell fluid had no electrospinnability. 24406731 4 74 theme core 738:741 arg1 fluids 743:748 the core fluids 734:748 the core fluids 734:748 The Teflon-coated concentric spinneret may facilitate the efficacious and stable preparation of core-shell nanofibers through the modified coaxial electrospinning, where the core fluids were electrospinnable and the shell fluid had no electrospinnability. 24406731 3 75 theme polymer 447:453 arg1 Poly 371:374 Poly 371:374 Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) 371:393 Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and ethyl cellulose were used as the shell and core polymer matrices respectively, and the content of active ingredient acetaminophen (APAP) in the core was programmed. 24406731 3 75 theme polymer 447:453 arg1 matrices 455:462 the shell and core polymer matrices 428:462 matrices 455:462 Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and ethyl cellulose were used as the shell and core polymer matrices respectively, and the content of active ingredient acetaminophen (APAP) in the core was programmed. 24406731 3 75 theme polymer 447:453 arg1 cellulose 405:413 ethyl cellulose 399:413 ethyl cellulose 399:413 Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and ethyl cellulose were used as the shell and core polymer matrices respectively, and the content of active ingredient acetaminophen (APAP) in the core was programmed. 24406731 3 76 theme ingredient 504:513 arg1 content 486:492 the content 482:492 the content of active ingredient acetaminophen (APAP) in the core 482:546 Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and ethyl cellulose were used as the shell and core polymer matrices respectively, and the content of active ingredient acetaminophen (APAP) in the core was programmed. 24406731 3 77 theme ethyl 399:403 arg1 shell 432:436 the shell and core polymer matrices 428:462 shell 432:436 Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and ethyl cellulose were used as the shell and core polymer matrices respectively, and the content of active ingredient acetaminophen (APAP) in the core was programmed. 24406731 3 77 theme ethyl 399:403 arg1 cellulose 405:413 ethyl cellulose 399:413 ethyl cellulose 399:413 Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and ethyl cellulose were used as the shell and core polymer matrices respectively, and the content of active ingredient acetaminophen (APAP) in the core was programmed. 24406731 3 77 theme ethyl 399:403 arg1 Poly 371:374 Poly 371:374 Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) 371:393 Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and ethyl cellulose were used as the shell and core polymer matrices respectively, and the content of active ingredient acetaminophen (APAP) in the core was programmed. 24406731 3 77 theme ethyl 399:403 arg1 matrices 455:462 the shell and core polymer matrices 428:462 matrices 455:462 Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and ethyl cellulose were used as the shell and core polymer matrices respectively, and the content of active ingredient acetaminophen (APAP) in the core was programmed. 24406731 8 78 dep tool 1431:1434 arg1 generate 1439:1446 generate 1439:1446 to generate nanostructures with a tailored components and compositions in their different parts 1436:1530 The modified coaxial electrospinning is a useful tool to generate nanostructures with a tailored components and compositions in their different parts, and thus to realize the desired functional performances. 24406731 8 78 dep tool 1431:1434 arg1 realize 1545:1551 realize 1545:1551 to realize the desired functional performances 1542:1587 The modified coaxial electrospinning is a useful tool to generate nanostructures with a tailored components and compositions in their different parts, and thus to realize the desired functional performances. 24406731 5 79 theme linear 849:854 arg1 morphologies 856:867 linear morphologies 849:867 linear morphologies 849:867 The resultant nanofibers had linear morphologies and clear core-shell structures, as observed by the scanning and transmission electron microscopic images. 24406731 1 80 theme drug-loaded 124:134 arg1 nanofibers 147:156 drug-loaded core-shell nanofibers 124:156 drug-loaded core-shell nanofibers 124:156 This study reports a new type of drug-loaded core-shell nanofibers capable of providing dual controlled release with tunable dose in the second phase. 24406731 7 81 theme tunable 1333:1339 arg1 amount 1354:1359 a tunable drug release amount 1331:1359 a tunable drug release amount in the second phase 1331:1379 The results from the in vitro dissolution tests demonstrated that the core-shell nanofibers were able to furnish the desired dual drug controlled-release profiles with a tunable drug release amount in the second phase. 24406731 1 82 theme second 228:233 arg1 phase 235:239 the second phase 224:239 the second phase 224:239 This study reports a new type of drug-loaded core-shell nanofibers capable of providing dual controlled release with tunable dose in the second phase. 25311061 0 0 theme glycaemic 63:71 arg1 properties 73:82 the glycaemic properties 59:82 the glycaemic properties of breakfast 59:95 The effect of using isomaltulose (Palatinose™) to modulate the glycaemic properties of breakfast on the cognitive performance of children. 25311061 7 1 theme better 1501:1506 arg1 mood 1508:1511 better mood 1501:1511 better mood 1501:1511 CONCLUSIONS Towards the end of a morning in school, having consumed a lower-GL breakfast resulted in better mood and aspects of cognitive functioning. 25311061 6 2 theme spatial 1363:1369 arg1 memory 1371:1376 better spatial memory 1356:1376 better spatial memory 1356:1376 If children had eaten the lower-GL meal on the second day of testing, they were able to process information faster and had better spatial memory later in the morning. 25311061 5 3 theme cognition 1114:1122 arg1 measure 1103:1109 any measure 1099:1109 any measure of cognition or mood 1099:1130 RESULTS The nature of the meals did not influence any measure of cognition or mood after an hour; however, after 3 h, children's memory and mood improved after the lower-GL breakfast. 25311061 1 4 theme meal 218:221 arg1 GL 209:210 GL 209:210 GL 209:210 PURPOSE Although previous research has associated the glycaemic load (GL) of a meal with cognitive functioning, typically the macro-nutrient composition of the meals has differed, raising a question as to whether the response was to GL or to the energy, nutrients or particular foods consumed. 25311061 1 4 theme meal 218:221 arg1 load 203:206 the glycaemic load 189:206 the glycaemic load (GL) of a meal 189:221 PURPOSE Although previous research has associated the glycaemic load (GL) of a meal with cognitive functioning, typically the macro-nutrient composition of the meals has differed, raising a question as to whether the response was to GL or to the energy, nutrients or particular foods consumed. 25311061 5 5 dep RESULTS 1049:1055 arg1 nature 1061:1066 The nature 1057:1066 RESULTS The nature of the meals 1049:1079 RESULTS The nature of the meals did not influence any measure of cognition or mood after an hour; however, after 3 h, children's memory and mood improved after the lower-GL breakfast. 25311061 3 6 theme children 638:645 arg1 5-11 years 652:661 75 children aged 5-11 years 635:661 75 children aged 5-11 years 635:661 METHODS Using a repeated-measures, double-blind design, 75 children aged 5-11 years, from socially deprived backgrounds, attended a school breakfast club and on two occasions, at least a week apart, they consumed a meal sweetened with either isomaltulose (Palatinose™) (GL 31.6) or glucose (GL 59.8). 25311061 3 6 theme children 638:645 arg1 design 627:632 a repeated-measures, double-blind design 593:632 a repeated-measures, double-blind design 593:632 METHODS Using a repeated-measures, double-blind design, 75 children aged 5-11 years, from socially deprived backgrounds, attended a school breakfast club and on two occasions, at least a week apart, they consumed a meal sweetened with either isomaltulose (Palatinose™) (GL 31.6) or glucose (GL 59.8). 25311061 6 7 contain had 1352:1354 arg1 they 1303:1306 they 1303:1306 they 1303:1306 If children had eaten the lower-GL meal on the second day of testing, they were able to process information faster and had better spatial memory later in the morning. 25311061 6 7 contain had 1352:1354 arg2 memory 1371:1376 better spatial memory 1356:1376 better spatial memory 1356:1376 If children had eaten the lower-GL meal on the second day of testing, they were able to process information faster and had better spatial memory later in the morning. 25311061 5 8 theme mood 1127:1130 arg1 measure 1103:1109 any measure 1099:1109 any measure of cognition or mood 1099:1130 RESULTS The nature of the meals did not influence any measure of cognition or mood after an hour; however, after 3 h, children's memory and mood improved after the lower-GL breakfast. 25311061 5 9 theme meals 1075:1079 arg1 nature 1061:1066 The nature 1057:1066 RESULTS The nature of the meals 1049:1079 RESULTS The nature of the meals did not influence any measure of cognition or mood after an hour; however, after 3 h, children's memory and mood improved after the lower-GL breakfast. 25311061 2 10 theme macro-nutrients 532:546 arg1 levels 511:516 identical levels 501:516 identical levels of energy and macro-nutrients 501:546 Therefore, the present study contrasted two breakfasts that offered identical levels of energy and macro-nutrients, although they differed in GL. 25311061 6 11 theme better 1356:1361 arg1 memory 1371:1376 better spatial memory 1356:1376 better spatial memory 1356:1376 If children had eaten the lower-GL meal on the second day of testing, they were able to process information faster and had better spatial memory later in the morning. 25311061 3 12 theme deprived 678:685 arg1 backgrounds 687:697 socially deprived backgrounds 669:697 socially deprived backgrounds 669:697 METHODS Using a repeated-measures, double-blind design, 75 children aged 5-11 years, from socially deprived backgrounds, attended a school breakfast club and on two occasions, at least a week apart, they consumed a meal sweetened with either isomaltulose (Palatinose™) (GL 31.6) or glucose (GL 59.8). 25311061 1 13 theme meals 299:303 arg1 composition 280:290 the macro-nutrient composition 261:290 the macro-nutrient composition of the meals 261:303 PURPOSE Although previous research has associated the glycaemic load (GL) of a meal with cognitive functioning, typically the macro-nutrient composition of the meals has differed, raising a question as to whether the response was to GL or to the energy, nutrients or particular foods consumed. 25311061 1 14 theme previous 156:163 arg1 research 165:172 previous research 156:172 previous research 156:172 PURPOSE Although previous research has associated the glycaemic load (GL) of a meal with cognitive functioning, typically the macro-nutrient composition of the meals has differed, raising a question as to whether the response was to GL or to the energy, nutrients or particular foods consumed. 25311061 0 15 theme breakfast 87:95 arg1 properties 73:82 the glycaemic properties 59:82 the glycaemic properties of breakfast 59:95 The effect of using isomaltulose (Palatinose™) to modulate the glycaemic properties of breakfast on the cognitive performance of children. 25311061 7 16 from school 1444:1449 arg1 end 1424:1426 the end 1420:1426 the end of a morning in school, having consumed a lower-GL breakfast 1420:1487 CONCLUSIONS Towards the end of a morning in school, having consumed a lower-GL breakfast resulted in better mood and aspects of cognitive functioning. 25311061 7 17 theme lower-GL 1470:1477 arg1 breakfast 1479:1487 a lower-GL breakfast 1468:1487 a lower-GL breakfast 1468:1487 CONCLUSIONS Towards the end of a morning in school, having consumed a lower-GL breakfast resulted in better mood and aspects of cognitive functioning. 25311061 7 18 theme morning 1433:1439 arg1 end 1424:1426 the end 1420:1426 the end of a morning in school, having consumed a lower-GL breakfast 1420:1487 CONCLUSIONS Towards the end of a morning in school, having consumed a lower-GL breakfast resulted in better mood and aspects of cognitive functioning. 25311061 1 19 theme particular 406:415 arg1 foods 417:421 particular foods 406:421 particular foods consumed 406:430 PURPOSE Although previous research has associated the glycaemic load (GL) of a meal with cognitive functioning, typically the macro-nutrient composition of the meals has differed, raising a question as to whether the response was to GL or to the energy, nutrients or particular foods consumed. 25311061 6 20 theme second 1280:1285 arg1 day 1287:1289 the second day 1276:1289 the second day of testing 1276:1300 If children had eaten the lower-GL meal on the second day of testing, they were able to process information faster and had better spatial memory later in the morning. 25311061 0 21 theme children 129:136 arg1 performance 114:124 the cognitive performance 100:124 the cognitive performance of children 100:136 The effect of using isomaltulose (Palatinose™) to modulate the glycaemic properties of breakfast on the cognitive performance of children. 25311061 7 22 theme cognitive 1528:1536 arg1 aspects 1517:1523 aspects 1517:1523 aspects of cognitive functioning 1517:1548 CONCLUSIONS Towards the end of a morning in school, having consumed a lower-GL breakfast resulted in better mood and aspects of cognitive functioning. 25311061 7 22 theme cognitive 1528:1536 arg1 mood 1508:1511 better mood 1501:1511 better mood 1501:1511 CONCLUSIONS Towards the end of a morning in school, having consumed a lower-GL breakfast resulted in better mood and aspects of cognitive functioning. 25311061 4 23 theme information 979:989 arg1 processing 991:1000 information processing 979:1000 information processing 979:1000 Immediate and delayed verbal memory, spatial memory, sustained attention, reaction times, speed of information processing and mood were assessed 1 and 3 h after eating. 25311061 6 24 theme lower-GL 1259:1266 arg1 meal 1268:1271 the lower-GL meal 1255:1271 the lower-GL meal on the second day of testing 1255:1300 If children had eaten the lower-GL meal on the second day of testing, they were able to process information faster and had better spatial memory later in the morning. 25311061 2 25 theme identical 501:509 arg1 levels 511:516 identical levels 501:516 identical levels of energy and macro-nutrients 501:546 Therefore, the present study contrasted two breakfasts that offered identical levels of energy and macro-nutrients, although they differed in GL. 25311061 4 26 theme spatial 917:923 arg1 memory 925:930 spatial memory 917:930 spatial memory 917:930 Immediate and delayed verbal memory, spatial memory, sustained attention, reaction times, speed of information processing and mood were assessed 1 and 3 h after eating. 25311061 1 27 theme glycaemic 193:201 arg1 GL 209:210 GL 209:210 GL 209:210 PURPOSE Although previous research has associated the glycaemic load (GL) of a meal with cognitive functioning, typically the macro-nutrient composition of the meals has differed, raising a question as to whether the response was to GL or to the energy, nutrients or particular foods consumed. 25311061 1 27 theme glycaemic 193:201 arg1 load 203:206 the glycaemic load 189:206 the glycaemic load (GL) of a meal 189:221 PURPOSE Although previous research has associated the glycaemic load (GL) of a meal with cognitive functioning, typically the macro-nutrient composition of the meals has differed, raising a question as to whether the response was to GL or to the energy, nutrients or particular foods consumed. 25311061 1 28 theme macro-nutrient 265:278 arg1 composition 280:290 the macro-nutrient composition 261:290 the macro-nutrient composition of the meals 261:303 PURPOSE Although previous research has associated the glycaemic load (GL) of a meal with cognitive functioning, typically the macro-nutrient composition of the meals has differed, raising a question as to whether the response was to GL or to the energy, nutrients or particular foods consumed. 25311061 3 29 theme repeated-measures 595:611 arg1 5-11 years 652:661 75 children aged 5-11 years 635:661 75 children aged 5-11 years 635:661 METHODS Using a repeated-measures, double-blind design, 75 children aged 5-11 years, from socially deprived backgrounds, attended a school breakfast club and on two occasions, at least a week apart, they consumed a meal sweetened with either isomaltulose (Palatinose™) (GL 31.6) or glucose (GL 59.8). 25311061 3 29 theme repeated-measures 595:611 arg1 design 627:632 a repeated-measures, double-blind design 593:632 a repeated-measures, double-blind design 593:632 METHODS Using a repeated-measures, double-blind design, 75 children aged 5-11 years, from socially deprived backgrounds, attended a school breakfast club and on two occasions, at least a week apart, they consumed a meal sweetened with either isomaltulose (Palatinose™) (GL 31.6) or glucose (GL 59.8). 25311061 4 30 theme processing 991:1000 arg1 speed 970:974 speed 970:974 speed 970:974 Immediate and delayed verbal memory, spatial memory, sustained attention, reaction times, speed of information processing and mood were assessed 1 and 3 h after eating. 25311061 4 31 theme Immediate 880:888 arg1 memory 909:914 verbal memory 902:914 verbal memory 902:914 Immediate and delayed verbal memory, spatial memory, sustained attention, reaction times, speed of information processing and mood were assessed 1 and 3 h after eating. 25311061 4 32 theme delayed 894:900 arg1 memory 909:914 verbal memory 902:914 verbal memory 902:914 Immediate and delayed verbal memory, spatial memory, sustained attention, reaction times, speed of information processing and mood were assessed 1 and 3 h after eating. 25311061 2 33 theme present 448:454 arg1 study 456:460 the present study 444:460 the present study 444:460 Therefore, the present study contrasted two breakfasts that offered identical levels of energy and macro-nutrients, although they differed in GL. 25311061 4 34 theme verbal 902:907 arg1 memory 909:914 verbal memory 902:914 verbal memory 902:914 Immediate and delayed verbal memory, spatial memory, sustained attention, reaction times, speed of information processing and mood were assessed 1 and 3 h after eating. 25311061 6 35 from meal 1268:1271 arg1 day 1287:1289 the second day 1276:1289 the second day of testing 1276:1300 If children had eaten the lower-GL meal on the second day of testing, they were able to process information faster and had better spatial memory later in the morning. 25311061 5 36 theme lower-GL 1213:1220 arg1 breakfast 1222:1230 the lower-GL breakfast 1209:1230 the lower-GL breakfast 1209:1230 RESULTS The nature of the meals did not influence any measure of cognition or mood after an hour; however, after 3 h, children's memory and mood improved after the lower-GL breakfast. 25311061 0 37 theme cognitive 104:112 arg1 performance 114:124 the cognitive performance 100:124 the cognitive performance of children 100:136 The effect of using isomaltulose (Palatinose™) to modulate the glycaemic properties of breakfast on the cognitive performance of children. 25311061 3 38 theme school 711:716 arg1 club 728:731 a school breakfast club 709:731 a school breakfast club 709:731 METHODS Using a repeated-measures, double-blind design, 75 children aged 5-11 years, from socially deprived backgrounds, attended a school breakfast club and on two occasions, at least a week apart, they consumed a meal sweetened with either isomaltulose (Palatinose™) (GL 31.6) or glucose (GL 59.8). 25311061 2 39 theme energy 521:526 arg1 levels 511:516 identical levels 501:516 identical levels of energy and macro-nutrients 501:546 Therefore, the present study contrasted two breakfasts that offered identical levels of energy and macro-nutrients, although they differed in GL. 25311061 7 40 from morning 1433:1439 arg1 school 1444:1449 school 1444:1449 school 1444:1449 CONCLUSIONS Towards the end of a morning in school, having consumed a lower-GL breakfast resulted in better mood and aspects of cognitive functioning. 25311061 7 41 from end 1424:1426 arg1 school 1444:1449 school 1444:1449 school 1444:1449 CONCLUSIONS Towards the end of a morning in school, having consumed a lower-GL breakfast resulted in better mood and aspects of cognitive functioning. 25311061 3 42 theme breakfast 718:726 arg1 club 728:731 a school breakfast club 709:731 a school breakfast club 709:731 METHODS Using a repeated-measures, double-blind design, 75 children aged 5-11 years, from socially deprived backgrounds, attended a school breakfast club and on two occasions, at least a week apart, they consumed a meal sweetened with either isomaltulose (Palatinose™) (GL 31.6) or glucose (GL 59.8). 25311061 4 43 theme reaction 954:961 arg1 times 963:967 reaction times 954:967 reaction times 954:967 Immediate and delayed verbal memory, spatial memory, sustained attention, reaction times, speed of information processing and mood were assessed 1 and 3 h after eating. 25311061 4 44 dep 1 1025:1025 arg1 eating 1041:1046 eating 1041:1046 eating 1041:1046 Immediate and delayed verbal memory, spatial memory, sustained attention, reaction times, speed of information processing and mood were assessed 1 and 3 h after eating. 25311061 6 45 theme testing 1294:1300 arg1 day 1287:1289 the second day 1276:1289 the second day of testing 1276:1300 If children had eaten the lower-GL meal on the second day of testing, they were able to process information faster and had better spatial memory later in the morning. 25311061 3 46 theme aged 647:650 arg1 5-11 years 652:661 75 children aged 5-11 years 635:661 75 children aged 5-11 years 635:661 METHODS Using a repeated-measures, double-blind design, 75 children aged 5-11 years, from socially deprived backgrounds, attended a school breakfast club and on two occasions, at least a week apart, they consumed a meal sweetened with either isomaltulose (Palatinose™) (GL 31.6) or glucose (GL 59.8). 25311061 3 46 theme aged 647:650 arg1 design 627:632 a repeated-measures, double-blind design 593:632 a repeated-measures, double-blind design 593:632 METHODS Using a repeated-measures, double-blind design, 75 children aged 5-11 years, from socially deprived backgrounds, attended a school breakfast club and on two occasions, at least a week apart, they consumed a meal sweetened with either isomaltulose (Palatinose™) (GL 31.6) or glucose (GL 59.8). 25311061 4 47 theme sustained 933:941 arg1 attention 943:951 sustained attention 933:951 sustained attention 933:951 Immediate and delayed verbal memory, spatial memory, sustained attention, reaction times, speed of information processing and mood were assessed 1 and 3 h after eating. 25311061 3 48 dep repeated-measures 595:611 arg1 double-blind 614:625 double-blind 614:625 double-blind 614:625 METHODS Using a repeated-measures, double-blind design, 75 children aged 5-11 years, from socially deprived backgrounds, attended a school breakfast club and on two occasions, at least a week apart, they consumed a meal sweetened with either isomaltulose (Palatinose™) (GL 31.6) or glucose (GL 59.8). 26540519 0 0 theme chitosan 106:113 arg1 biopolymer 115:124 nanoparticle reinforced and cross-linked chitosan biopolymer 65:124 nanoparticle reinforced and cross-linked chitosan biopolymer 65:124 Nanomechanical characterization and molecular mechanism study of nanoparticle reinforced and cross-linked chitosan biopolymer. 26540519 5 1 theme nanomechanical 731:744 arg1 characterizations 746:762 The nanomechanical characterizations 727:762 The nanomechanical characterizations under static loading conditions 727:794 The nanomechanical characterizations under static loading conditions are performed on these modified chitosan films. 26540519 3 2 theme films 566:570 arg1 properties 543:552 the mechanical properties 528:552 the mechanical properties of chitosan films 528:570 Cross-linking and nanoparticle reinforcement are the two possible methods to improve the mechanical properties of chitosan films. 26540519 0 3 theme cross-linked 93:104 arg1 biopolymer 115:124 nanoparticle reinforced and cross-linked chitosan biopolymer 65:124 nanoparticle reinforced and cross-linked chitosan biopolymer 65:124 Nanomechanical characterization and molecular mechanism study of nanoparticle reinforced and cross-linked chitosan biopolymer. 26540519 10 4 with film 1473:1476 arg1 relaxing 1491:1498 modulus relaxing 1483:1498 modulus relaxing 1483:1498 A viscoelastic solid like response is observed for all types of film with modulus relaxing by 3-6% of its initial value. 26540519 9 5 theme dynamic 1326:1332 arg1 conditions 1342:1351 dynamic loading conditions 1326:1351 dynamic loading conditions using dynamic mechanical analysis (nanoDMA) experiment 1326:1406 The stress relaxation behavior for all these types of films is characterized under dynamic loading conditions using dynamic mechanical analysis (nanoDMA) experiment. 26540519 2 6 theme polymer 388:394 arg1 properties 365:374 very low mechanical properties 345:374 very low mechanical properties of chitosan polymer 345:394 However, very low mechanical properties of chitosan polymer impose restriction on its further development. 26540519 7 7 theme mechanical 1005:1014 arg1 properties 1016:1025 mechanical properties 1005:1025 mechanical properties 1005:1025 The mechanisms involved in improvement of mechanical properties due to particle reinforcement are studied by molecular dynamics (MD). 26540519 8 8 theme particle 1165:1172 arg1 reinforcement 1174:1186 particle reinforcement 1165:1186 particle reinforcement 1165:1186 Further, improvement in mechanical properties due to combination of particle reinforcement and cross-linking agent with chitosan is investigated. 26540519 8 9 with combination 1150:1160 arg1 chitosan 1217:1224 chitosan 1217:1224 chitosan 1217:1224 Further, improvement in mechanical properties due to combination of particle reinforcement and cross-linking agent with chitosan is investigated. 26540519 9 10 theme mechanical 1367:1376 arg1 experiment 1397:1406 dynamic mechanical analysis (nanoDMA) experiment 1359:1406 dynamic mechanical analysis (nanoDMA) experiment 1359:1406 The stress relaxation behavior for all these types of films is characterized under dynamic loading conditions using dynamic mechanical analysis (nanoDMA) experiment. 26540519 9 11 theme loading 1334:1340 arg1 conditions 1342:1351 dynamic loading conditions 1326:1351 dynamic loading conditions using dynamic mechanical analysis (nanoDMA) experiment 1326:1406 The stress relaxation behavior for all these types of films is characterized under dynamic loading conditions using dynamic mechanical analysis (nanoDMA) experiment. 26540519 7 12 theme properties 1016:1025 arg1 improvement 990:1000 improvement 990:1000 improvement of mechanical properties due to particle reinforcement 990:1055 The mechanisms involved in improvement of mechanical properties due to particle reinforcement are studied by molecular dynamics (MD). 26540519 1 13 theme biodegradability 283:298 arg1 characteristics 264:278 its excellent characteristics 250:278 its excellent characteristics of biodegradability, biocompatibility and non-toxicity 250:333 Chitosan (CS) is a biomaterial that offers many sophisticated and innovative applications in the biomedical field owing to its excellent characteristics of biodegradability, biocompatibility and non-toxicity. 26540519 0 14 theme biopolymer 115:124 arg1 characterization 15:30 Nanomechanical characterization 0:30 Nanomechanical characterization 0:30 Nanomechanical characterization and molecular mechanism study of nanoparticle reinforced and cross-linked chitosan biopolymer. 26540519 0 14 theme biopolymer 115:124 arg1 mechanism 46:54 molecular mechanism study 36:60 molecular mechanism study 36:60 Nanomechanical characterization and molecular mechanism study of nanoparticle reinforced and cross-linked chitosan biopolymer. 26540519 5 15 theme static 770:775 arg1 conditions 785:794 static loading conditions 770:794 static loading conditions 770:794 The nanomechanical characterizations under static loading conditions are performed on these modified chitosan films. 26540519 8 16 theme mechanical 1121:1130 arg1 properties 1132:1141 mechanical properties 1121:1141 mechanical properties 1121:1141 Further, improvement in mechanical properties due to combination of particle reinforcement and cross-linking agent with chitosan is investigated. 26540519 11 17 theme obtained 1586:1593 arg1 response 1608:1615 the obtained viscoelastic response 1582:1615 the obtained viscoelastic response of these films 1582:1630 A suitable generalized Maxwell model is fitted with the obtained viscoelastic response of these films. 26540519 11 18 theme suitable 1532:1539 arg1 model 1561:1565 A suitable generalized Maxwell model 1530:1565 A suitable generalized Maxwell model 1530:1565 A suitable generalized Maxwell model is fitted with the obtained viscoelastic response of these films. 26540519 3 19 dep Cross-linking 443:455 arg1 reinforcement 474:486 reinforcement 474:486 reinforcement 474:486 Cross-linking and nanoparticle reinforcement are the two possible methods to improve the mechanical properties of chitosan films. 26540519 10 20 theme initial 1515:1521 arg1 value 1523:1527 its initial value 1511:1527 its initial value 1511:1527 A viscoelastic solid like response is observed for all types of film with modulus relaxing by 3-6% of its initial value. 26540519 2 21 theme further 422:428 arg1 development 430:440 its further development 418:440 its further development 418:440 However, very low mechanical properties of chitosan polymer impose restriction on its further development. 26540519 1 22 theme sophisticated 175:187 arg1 applications 204:215 many sophisticated and innovative applications 170:215 many sophisticated and innovative applications 170:215 Chitosan (CS) is a biomaterial that offers many sophisticated and innovative applications in the biomedical field owing to its excellent characteristics of biodegradability, biocompatibility and non-toxicity. 26540519 11 23 theme generalized 1541:1551 arg1 model 1561:1565 A suitable generalized Maxwell model 1530:1565 A suitable generalized Maxwell model 1530:1565 A suitable generalized Maxwell model is fitted with the obtained viscoelastic response of these films. 26540519 8 24 theme cross-linking 1192:1204 arg1 agent 1206:1210 cross-linking agent 1192:1210 cross-linking agent with chitosan 1192:1224 Further, improvement in mechanical properties due to combination of particle reinforcement and cross-linking agent with chitosan is investigated. 26540519 9 25 theme dynamic 1359:1365 arg1 experiment 1397:1406 dynamic mechanical analysis (nanoDMA) experiment 1359:1406 dynamic mechanical analysis (nanoDMA) experiment 1359:1406 The stress relaxation behavior for all these types of films is characterized under dynamic loading conditions using dynamic mechanical analysis (nanoDMA) experiment. 26540519 12 26 theme particle 1691:1698 arg1 films 1721:1725 particle reinforced composite films 1691:1725 particle reinforced composite films 1691:1725 The response to nano-scratch behavior is also studied for particle reinforced composite films. 26540519 3 27 theme possible 500:507 arg1 nanoparticle 461:472 nanoparticle 461:472 nanoparticle 461:472 Cross-linking and nanoparticle reinforcement are the two possible methods to improve the mechanical properties of chitosan films. 26540519 3 27 theme possible 500:507 arg1 Cross-linking 443:455 Cross-linking 443:455 Cross-linking 443:455 Cross-linking and nanoparticle reinforcement are the two possible methods to improve the mechanical properties of chitosan films. 26540519 3 27 theme possible 500:507 arg1 methods 509:515 the two possible methods 492:515 the two possible methods 492:515 Cross-linking and nanoparticle reinforcement are the two possible methods to improve the mechanical properties of chitosan films. 26540519 8 28 theme reinforcement 1174:1186 arg1 agent 1206:1210 cross-linking agent 1192:1210 cross-linking agent with chitosan 1192:1224 Further, improvement in mechanical properties due to combination of particle reinforcement and cross-linking agent with chitosan is investigated. 26540519 8 28 theme reinforcement 1174:1186 arg1 combination 1150:1160 combination 1150:1160 combination of particle reinforcement 1150:1186 Further, improvement in mechanical properties due to combination of particle reinforcement and cross-linking agent with chitosan is investigated. 26540519 6 29 theme mechanical 910:919 arg1 modulus 954:960 modulus 954:960 modulus 954:960 It is observed that nanoparticle reinforcement provided necessary mechanical properties such as ductility and modulus. 26540519 6 29 theme mechanical 910:919 arg1 properties 921:930 necessary mechanical properties 900:930 necessary mechanical properties such as ductility and modulus 900:960 It is observed that nanoparticle reinforcement provided necessary mechanical properties such as ductility and modulus. 26540519 6 29 theme mechanical 910:919 arg1 ductility 940:948 ductility 940:948 ductility 940:948 It is observed that nanoparticle reinforcement provided necessary mechanical properties such as ductility and modulus. 26540519 2 30 theme low 350:352 arg1 properties 365:374 very low mechanical properties 345:374 very low mechanical properties of chitosan polymer 345:394 However, very low mechanical properties of chitosan polymer impose restriction on its further development. 26540519 1 31 theme innovative 193:202 arg1 applications 204:215 many sophisticated and innovative applications 170:215 many sophisticated and innovative applications 170:215 Chitosan (CS) is a biomaterial that offers many sophisticated and innovative applications in the biomedical field owing to its excellent characteristics of biodegradability, biocompatibility and non-toxicity. 26540519 0 32 theme Nanomechanical 0:13 arg1 characterization 15:30 Nanomechanical characterization 0:30 Nanomechanical characterization 0:30 Nanomechanical characterization and molecular mechanism study of nanoparticle reinforced and cross-linked chitosan biopolymer. 26540519 1 33 theme biocompatibility 301:316 arg1 characteristics 264:278 its excellent characteristics 250:278 its excellent characteristics of biodegradability, biocompatibility and non-toxicity 250:333 Chitosan (CS) is a biomaterial that offers many sophisticated and innovative applications in the biomedical field owing to its excellent characteristics of biodegradability, biocompatibility and non-toxicity. 26540519 6 34 theme necessary 900:908 arg1 modulus 954:960 modulus 954:960 modulus 954:960 It is observed that nanoparticle reinforcement provided necessary mechanical properties such as ductility and modulus. 26540519 6 34 theme necessary 900:908 arg1 properties 921:930 necessary mechanical properties 900:930 necessary mechanical properties such as ductility and modulus 900:960 It is observed that nanoparticle reinforcement provided necessary mechanical properties such as ductility and modulus. 26540519 6 34 theme necessary 900:908 arg1 ductility 940:948 ductility 940:948 ductility 940:948 It is observed that nanoparticle reinforcement provided necessary mechanical properties such as ductility and modulus. 26540519 9 35 theme stress 1247:1252 arg1 behavior 1265:1272 The stress relaxation behavior 1243:1272 The stress relaxation behavior for all these types of films 1243:1301 The stress relaxation behavior for all these types of films is characterized under dynamic loading conditions using dynamic mechanical analysis (nanoDMA) experiment. 26540519 0 36 theme molecular 36:44 arg1 mechanism 46:54 molecular mechanism study 36:60 molecular mechanism study 36:60 Nanomechanical characterization and molecular mechanism study of nanoparticle reinforced and cross-linked chitosan biopolymer. 26540519 9 37 theme analysis 1378:1385 arg1 experiment 1397:1406 dynamic mechanical analysis (nanoDMA) experiment 1359:1406 dynamic mechanical analysis (nanoDMA) experiment 1359:1406 The stress relaxation behavior for all these types of films is characterized under dynamic loading conditions using dynamic mechanical analysis (nanoDMA) experiment. 26540519 7 38 theme molecular 1072:1080 arg1 dynamics 1082:1089 molecular dynamics 1072:1089 molecular dynamics (MD) 1072:1094 The mechanisms involved in improvement of mechanical properties due to particle reinforcement are studied by molecular dynamics (MD). 26540519 7 38 theme molecular 1072:1080 arg1 MD 1092:1093 MD 1092:1093 MD 1092:1093 The mechanisms involved in improvement of mechanical properties due to particle reinforcement are studied by molecular dynamics (MD). 26540519 9 39 theme relaxation 1254:1263 arg1 behavior 1265:1272 The stress relaxation behavior 1243:1272 The stress relaxation behavior for all these types of films 1243:1301 The stress relaxation behavior for all these types of films is characterized under dynamic loading conditions using dynamic mechanical analysis (nanoDMA) experiment. 26540519 1 40 theme non-toxicity 322:333 arg1 characteristics 264:278 its excellent characteristics 250:278 its excellent characteristics of biodegradability, biocompatibility and non-toxicity 250:333 Chitosan (CS) is a biomaterial that offers many sophisticated and innovative applications in the biomedical field owing to its excellent characteristics of biodegradability, biocompatibility and non-toxicity. 26540519 9 41 theme nanoDMA 1388:1394 arg1 experiment 1397:1406 dynamic mechanical analysis (nanoDMA) experiment 1359:1406 dynamic mechanical analysis (nanoDMA) experiment 1359:1406 The stress relaxation behavior for all these types of films is characterized under dynamic loading conditions using dynamic mechanical analysis (nanoDMA) experiment. 26540519 1 42 theme many 170:173 arg1 applications 204:215 many sophisticated and innovative applications 170:215 many sophisticated and innovative applications 170:215 Chitosan (CS) is a biomaterial that offers many sophisticated and innovative applications in the biomedical field owing to its excellent characteristics of biodegradability, biocompatibility and non-toxicity. 26540519 8 43 with agent 1206:1210 arg1 chitosan 1217:1224 chitosan 1217:1224 chitosan 1217:1224 Further, improvement in mechanical properties due to combination of particle reinforcement and cross-linking agent with chitosan is investigated. 26540519 4 44 theme particle 703:710 arg1 reinforcement 712:724 particle reinforcement 703:724 particle reinforcement 703:724 In this research, these two methods are adopted individually by using tripolyphosphate as cross-linker and nano-hydroxyapatite as particle reinforcement. 26540519 5 45 theme modified 819:826 arg1 films 837:841 these modified chitosan films 813:841 these modified chitosan films 813:841 The nanomechanical characterizations under static loading conditions are performed on these modified chitosan films. 26540519 11 46 theme viscoelastic 1595:1606 arg1 response 1608:1615 the obtained viscoelastic response 1582:1615 the obtained viscoelastic response of these films 1582:1630 A suitable generalized Maxwell model is fitted with the obtained viscoelastic response of these films. 26540519 1 47 theme biomedical 224:233 arg1 field 235:239 the biomedical field 220:239 the biomedical field owing to its excellent characteristics of biodegradability, biocompatibility and non-toxicity 220:333 Chitosan (CS) is a biomaterial that offers many sophisticated and innovative applications in the biomedical field owing to its excellent characteristics of biodegradability, biocompatibility and non-toxicity. 26540519 5 48 theme chitosan 828:835 arg1 films 837:841 these modified chitosan films 813:841 these modified chitosan films 813:841 The nanomechanical characterizations under static loading conditions are performed on these modified chitosan films. 26540519 0 49 theme nanoparticle 65:76 arg1 biopolymer 115:124 nanoparticle reinforced and cross-linked chitosan biopolymer 65:124 nanoparticle reinforced and cross-linked chitosan biopolymer 65:124 Nanomechanical characterization and molecular mechanism study of nanoparticle reinforced and cross-linked chitosan biopolymer. 26540519 11 50 theme Maxwell 1553:1559 arg1 model 1561:1565 A suitable generalized Maxwell model 1530:1565 A suitable generalized Maxwell model 1530:1565 A suitable generalized Maxwell model is fitted with the obtained viscoelastic response of these films. 26540519 5 51 theme loading 777:783 arg1 conditions 785:794 static loading conditions 770:794 static loading conditions 770:794 The nanomechanical characterizations under static loading conditions are performed on these modified chitosan films. 26540519 12 52 theme nano-scratch 1649:1660 arg1 behavior 1662:1669 nano-scratch behavior 1649:1669 nano-scratch behavior 1649:1669 The response to nano-scratch behavior is also studied for particle reinforced composite films. 26540519 0 53 link cross-linked 93:104 arg1 biopolymer 115:124 nanoparticle reinforced and cross-linked chitosan biopolymer 65:124 nanoparticle reinforced and cross-linked chitosan biopolymer 65:124 Nanomechanical characterization and molecular mechanism study of nanoparticle reinforced and cross-linked chitosan biopolymer. 26540519 2 54 theme chitosan 379:386 arg1 polymer 388:394 chitosan polymer 379:394 chitosan polymer 379:394 However, very low mechanical properties of chitosan polymer impose restriction on its further development. 26540519 0 55 dep mechanism 46:54 arg1 study 56:60 study 56:60 study 56:60 Nanomechanical characterization and molecular mechanism study of nanoparticle reinforced and cross-linked chitosan biopolymer. 26540519 10 56 theme modulus 1483:1489 arg1 relaxing 1491:1498 modulus relaxing 1483:1498 modulus relaxing 1483:1498 A viscoelastic solid like response is observed for all types of film with modulus relaxing by 3-6% of its initial value. 26540519 3 57 theme chitosan 557:564 arg1 films 566:570 chitosan films 557:570 chitosan films 557:570 Cross-linking and nanoparticle reinforcement are the two possible methods to improve the mechanical properties of chitosan films. 26540519 3 58 theme mechanical 532:541 arg1 properties 543:552 the mechanical properties 528:552 the mechanical properties of chitosan films 528:570 Cross-linking and nanoparticle reinforcement are the two possible methods to improve the mechanical properties of chitosan films. 26540519 6 59 theme nanoparticle 864:875 arg1 reinforcement 877:889 nanoparticle reinforcement 864:889 nanoparticle reinforcement 864:889 It is observed that nanoparticle reinforcement provided necessary mechanical properties such as ductility and modulus. 26540519 9 60 theme films 1297:1301 arg1 types 1288:1292 all these types 1278:1292 all these types of films 1278:1301 The stress relaxation behavior for all these types of films is characterized under dynamic loading conditions using dynamic mechanical analysis (nanoDMA) experiment. 26540519 2 61 theme mechanical 354:363 arg1 properties 365:374 very low mechanical properties 345:374 very low mechanical properties of chitosan polymer 345:394 However, very low mechanical properties of chitosan polymer impose restriction on its further development. 26540519 7 62 theme particle 1034:1041 arg1 reinforcement 1043:1055 particle reinforcement 1034:1055 particle reinforcement 1034:1055 The mechanisms involved in improvement of mechanical properties due to particle reinforcement are studied by molecular dynamics (MD). 26540519 8 63 from improvement 1106:1116 arg1 properties 1132:1141 mechanical properties 1121:1141 mechanical properties 1121:1141 Further, improvement in mechanical properties due to combination of particle reinforcement and cross-linking agent with chitosan is investigated. 26540519 10 64 theme film 1473:1476 arg1 types 1464:1468 all types 1460:1468 all types of film with modulus relaxing 1460:1498 A viscoelastic solid like response is observed for all types of film with modulus relaxing by 3-6% of its initial value. 26540519 10 65 theme value 1523:1527 arg1 % 1506:1506 3-6% 1503:1506 3-6% of its initial value 1503:1527 A viscoelastic solid like response is observed for all types of film with modulus relaxing by 3-6% of its initial value. 26540519 10 65 theme value 1523:1527 arg1 value 1523:1527 its initial value 1511:1527 its initial value 1511:1527 A viscoelastic solid like response is observed for all types of film with modulus relaxing by 3-6% of its initial value. 26540519 11 66 theme films 1626:1630 arg1 response 1608:1615 the obtained viscoelastic response 1582:1615 the obtained viscoelastic response of these films 1582:1630 A suitable generalized Maxwell model is fitted with the obtained viscoelastic response of these films. 26540519 0 67 theme reinforced 78:87 arg1 biopolymer 115:124 nanoparticle reinforced and cross-linked chitosan biopolymer 65:124 nanoparticle reinforced and cross-linked chitosan biopolymer 65:124 Nanomechanical characterization and molecular mechanism study of nanoparticle reinforced and cross-linked chitosan biopolymer. 26540519 12 68 theme composite 1711:1719 arg1 films 1721:1725 particle reinforced composite films 1691:1725 particle reinforced composite films 1691:1725 The response to nano-scratch behavior is also studied for particle reinforced composite films. 26540519 12 69 theme reinforced 1700:1709 arg1 films 1721:1725 particle reinforced composite films 1691:1725 particle reinforced composite films 1691:1725 The response to nano-scratch behavior is also studied for particle reinforced composite films. 26540519 1 70 theme excellent 254:262 arg1 characteristics 264:278 its excellent characteristics 250:278 its excellent characteristics of biodegradability, biocompatibility and non-toxicity 250:333 Chitosan (CS) is a biomaterial that offers many sophisticated and innovative applications in the biomedical field owing to its excellent characteristics of biodegradability, biocompatibility and non-toxicity. 24721051 0 0 theme methylated 80:89 arg1 derivatives 91:101 its methylated derivatives 76:101 its methylated derivatives 76:101 Thermal degradation behavior and kinetic analysis of spruce glucomannan and its methylated derivatives. 24721051 4 1 theme different 694:702 arg1 compositions 713:724 chemical compositions 704:724 chemical compositions 704:724 Differences in the pyrolysis-product distributions and thermal stabilities appeared as a result of the different chemical compositions and molecular weights of the two GMs. 24721051 4 2 theme compositions 713:724 arg1 result 680:685 a result 678:685 a result of the different chemical compositions and molecular weights of the two GMs 678:761 Differences in the pyrolysis-product distributions and thermal stabilities appeared as a result of the different chemical compositions and molecular weights of the two GMs. 24721051 1 3 theme glucomannan 160:170 arg1 kinetics 141:148 kinetics 141:148 kinetics 141:148 The thermal degradation behavior and kinetics of spruce glucomannan (SGM) and its methylated derivatives were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis to characterize its temperature-dependent changes for use in specific applications. 24721051 1 3 theme glucomannan 160:170 arg1 behavior 128:135 The thermal degradation behavior 104:135 The thermal degradation behavior 104:135 The thermal degradation behavior and kinetics of spruce glucomannan (SGM) and its methylated derivatives were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis to characterize its temperature-dependent changes for use in specific applications. 24721051 7 4 theme higher 1163:1168 arg1 degree 1170:1175 the higher degree 1159:1175 the higher degree of substitution 1159:1191 The comparative study of partially methylated GM indicated higher homogeneity and thermal resistance for the material with the higher degree of substitution. 24721051 4 5 theme chemical 704:711 arg1 compositions 713:724 chemical compositions 704:724 chemical compositions 704:724 Differences in the pyrolysis-product distributions and thermal stabilities appeared as a result of the different chemical compositions and molecular weights of the two GMs. 24721051 6 6 theme Fn-type 1018:1024 arg1 reaction 1026:1033 an Fn-type reaction 1015:1033 an Fn-type reaction 1015:1033 Both GMs can be modeled using a complex mechanism that involves both a Dn-type and an Fn-type reaction. 24721051 4 7 from Differences 591:601 arg1 stabilities 654:664 thermal stabilities 646:664 thermal stabilities 646:664 Differences in the pyrolysis-product distributions and thermal stabilities appeared as a result of the different chemical compositions and molecular weights of the two GMs. 24721051 4 7 from Differences 591:601 arg1 distributions 628:640 the pyrolysis-product distributions 606:640 the pyrolysis-product distributions 606:640 Differences in the pyrolysis-product distributions and thermal stabilities appeared as a result of the different chemical compositions and molecular weights of the two GMs. 24721051 4 8 dep compositions 713:724 arg1 the 690:692 the 690:692 the 690:692 Differences in the pyrolysis-product distributions and thermal stabilities appeared as a result of the different chemical compositions and molecular weights of the two GMs. 24721051 3 9 theme % 568:568 arg1 devolatilization 536:551 the intensive devolatilization 522:551 the intensive devolatilization of more than 59% of the total weight 522:588 The SGM and the KGM exhibited two overlapping peaks from 200 to 375°C, which correspond to the intensive devolatilization of more than 59% of the total weight. 24721051 1 10 theme temperature-dependent 280:300 arg1 changes 302:308 its temperature-dependent changes 276:308 its temperature-dependent changes 276:308 The thermal degradation behavior and kinetics of spruce glucomannan (SGM) and its methylated derivatives were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis to characterize its temperature-dependent changes for use in specific applications. 24721051 0 11 theme derivatives 91:101 arg1 behavior 20:27 Thermal degradation behavior 0:27 Thermal degradation behavior 0:27 Thermal degradation behavior and kinetic analysis of spruce glucomannan and its methylated derivatives. 24721051 0 11 theme derivatives 91:101 arg1 analysis 41:48 kinetic analysis 33:48 kinetic analysis of spruce glucomannan and its methylated derivatives 33:101 Thermal degradation behavior and kinetic analysis of spruce glucomannan and its methylated derivatives. 24721051 3 12 dep 375°C 495:499 arg1 to 492:493 to 492:493 to 492:493 The SGM and the KGM exhibited two overlapping peaks from 200 to 375°C, which correspond to the intensive devolatilization of more than 59% of the total weight. 24721051 4 13 theme weights 740:746 arg1 result 680:685 a result 678:685 a result of the different chemical compositions and molecular weights of the two GMs 678:761 Differences in the pyrolysis-product distributions and thermal stabilities appeared as a result of the different chemical compositions and molecular weights of the two GMs. 24721051 4 14 theme molecular 730:738 arg1 weights 740:746 molecular weights 730:746 molecular weights 730:746 Differences in the pyrolysis-product distributions and thermal stabilities appeared as a result of the different chemical compositions and molecular weights of the two GMs. 24721051 0 15 theme degradation 8:18 arg1 behavior 20:27 Thermal degradation behavior 0:27 Thermal degradation behavior 0:27 Thermal degradation behavior and kinetic analysis of spruce glucomannan and its methylated derivatives. 24721051 3 16 theme intensive 526:534 arg1 devolatilization 536:551 the intensive devolatilization 522:551 the intensive devolatilization of more than 59% of the total weight 522:588 The SGM and the KGM exhibited two overlapping peaks from 200 to 375°C, which correspond to the intensive devolatilization of more than 59% of the total weight. 24721051 7 17 theme thermal 1118:1124 arg1 resistance 1126:1135 thermal resistance 1118:1135 thermal resistance 1118:1135 The comparative study of partially methylated GM indicated higher homogeneity and thermal resistance for the material with the higher degree of substitution. 24721051 3 18 from 375°C 495:499 arg1 peaks 477:481 two overlapping peaks 461:481 two overlapping peaks 461:481 The SGM and the KGM exhibited two overlapping peaks from 200 to 375°C, which correspond to the intensive devolatilization of more than 59% of the total weight. 24721051 5 19 theme intensive 897:905 arg1 region 924:929 the intensive devolatilization region 893:929 the intensive devolatilization region 893:929 The Friedman and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa isoconversional methods and the Coats-Redfern were adopted to determine the kinetic triplet of the intensive devolatilization region. 24721051 0 20 theme Thermal 0:6 arg1 behavior 20:27 Thermal degradation behavior 0:27 Thermal degradation behavior 0:27 Thermal degradation behavior and kinetic analysis of spruce glucomannan and its methylated derivatives. 24721051 1 21 from use 314:316 arg1 applications 330:341 specific applications 321:341 specific applications 321:341 The thermal degradation behavior and kinetics of spruce glucomannan (SGM) and its methylated derivatives were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis to characterize its temperature-dependent changes for use in specific applications. 24721051 5 22 theme devolatilization 907:922 arg1 region 924:929 the intensive devolatilization region 893:929 the intensive devolatilization region 893:929 The Friedman and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa isoconversional methods and the Coats-Redfern were adopted to determine the kinetic triplet of the intensive devolatilization region. 24721051 1 23 theme methylated 186:195 arg1 derivatives 197:207 its methylated derivatives 182:207 its methylated derivatives 182:207 The thermal degradation behavior and kinetics of spruce glucomannan (SGM) and its methylated derivatives were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis to characterize its temperature-dependent changes for use in specific applications. 24721051 1 24 theme thermal 108:114 arg1 behavior 128:135 The thermal degradation behavior 104:135 The thermal degradation behavior 104:135 The thermal degradation behavior and kinetics of spruce glucomannan (SGM) and its methylated derivatives were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis to characterize its temperature-dependent changes for use in specific applications. 24721051 1 25 theme derivatives 197:207 arg1 kinetics 141:148 kinetics 141:148 kinetics 141:148 The thermal degradation behavior and kinetics of spruce glucomannan (SGM) and its methylated derivatives were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis to characterize its temperature-dependent changes for use in specific applications. 24721051 1 25 theme derivatives 197:207 arg1 behavior 128:135 The thermal degradation behavior 104:135 The thermal degradation behavior 104:135 The thermal degradation behavior and kinetics of spruce glucomannan (SGM) and its methylated derivatives were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis to characterize its temperature-dependent changes for use in specific applications. 24721051 7 26 theme substitution 1180:1191 arg1 degree 1170:1175 the higher degree 1159:1175 the higher degree of substitution 1159:1191 The comparative study of partially methylated GM indicated higher homogeneity and thermal resistance for the material with the higher degree of substitution. 24721051 1 27 theme specific 321:328 arg1 applications 330:341 specific applications 321:341 specific applications 321:341 The thermal degradation behavior and kinetics of spruce glucomannan (SGM) and its methylated derivatives were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis to characterize its temperature-dependent changes for use in specific applications. 24721051 5 28 theme kinetic 874:880 arg1 triplet 882:888 the kinetic triplet 870:888 the kinetic triplet of the intensive devolatilization region 870:929 The Friedman and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa isoconversional methods and the Coats-Redfern were adopted to determine the kinetic triplet of the intensive devolatilization region. 24721051 3 29 theme overlapping 465:475 arg1 peaks 477:481 two overlapping peaks 461:481 two overlapping peaks 461:481 The SGM and the KGM exhibited two overlapping peaks from 200 to 375°C, which correspond to the intensive devolatilization of more than 59% of the total weight. 24721051 0 30 theme kinetic 33:39 arg1 analysis 41:48 kinetic analysis 33:48 kinetic analysis of spruce glucomannan and its methylated derivatives 33:101 Thermal degradation behavior and kinetic analysis of spruce glucomannan and its methylated derivatives. 24721051 5 31 dep Friedman 768:775 arg1 methods 814:820 methods 814:820 methods 814:820 The Friedman and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa isoconversional methods and the Coats-Redfern were adopted to determine the kinetic triplet of the intensive devolatilization region. 24721051 5 31 dep Friedman 768:775 arg1 The 764:766 The 764:766 The 764:766 The Friedman and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa isoconversional methods and the Coats-Redfern were adopted to determine the kinetic triplet of the intensive devolatilization region. 24721051 7 32 theme comparative 1040:1050 arg1 study 1052:1056 The comparative study 1036:1056 The comparative study of partially methylated GM 1036:1083 The comparative study of partially methylated GM indicated higher homogeneity and thermal resistance for the material with the higher degree of substitution. 24721051 0 33 theme spruce 53:58 arg1 glucomannan 60:70 spruce glucomannan 53:70 spruce glucomannan 53:70 Thermal degradation behavior and kinetic analysis of spruce glucomannan and its methylated derivatives. 24721051 5 34 theme region 924:929 arg1 triplet 882:888 the kinetic triplet 870:888 the kinetic triplet of the intensive devolatilization region 870:929 The Friedman and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa isoconversional methods and the Coats-Redfern were adopted to determine the kinetic triplet of the intensive devolatilization region. 24721051 7 35 theme methylated 1071:1080 arg1 GM 1082:1083 partially methylated GM 1061:1083 partially methylated GM 1061:1083 The comparative study of partially methylated GM indicated higher homogeneity and thermal resistance for the material with the higher degree of substitution. 24721051 3 36 theme total 577:581 arg1 weight 583:588 the total weight 573:588 the total weight 573:588 The SGM and the KGM exhibited two overlapping peaks from 200 to 375°C, which correspond to the intensive devolatilization of more than 59% of the total weight. 24721051 7 37 with material 1145:1152 arg1 degree 1170:1175 the higher degree 1159:1175 the higher degree of substitution 1159:1191 The comparative study of partially methylated GM indicated higher homogeneity and thermal resistance for the material with the higher degree of substitution. 24721051 1 38 theme degradation 116:126 arg1 behavior 128:135 The thermal degradation behavior 104:135 The thermal degradation behavior 104:135 The thermal degradation behavior and kinetics of spruce glucomannan (SGM) and its methylated derivatives were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis to characterize its temperature-dependent changes for use in specific applications. 24721051 7 39 theme higher 1095:1100 arg1 homogeneity 1102:1112 higher homogeneity 1095:1112 higher homogeneity 1095:1112 The comparative study of partially methylated GM indicated higher homogeneity and thermal resistance for the material with the higher degree of substitution. 24721051 6 40 theme complex 964:970 arg1 mechanism 972:980 a complex mechanism 962:980 a complex mechanism that involves both a Dn-type and an Fn-type reaction 962:1033 Both GMs can be modeled using a complex mechanism that involves both a Dn-type and an Fn-type reaction. 24721051 7 41 theme GM 1082:1083 arg1 study 1052:1056 The comparative study 1036:1056 The comparative study of partially methylated GM 1036:1083 The comparative study of partially methylated GM indicated higher homogeneity and thermal resistance for the material with the higher degree of substitution. 24721051 3 42 theme weight 583:588 arg1 % 568:568 more than 59% 556:568 more than 59% of the total weight 556:588 The SGM and the KGM exhibited two overlapping peaks from 200 to 375°C, which correspond to the intensive devolatilization of more than 59% of the total weight. 24721051 3 42 theme weight 583:588 arg1 weight 583:588 the total weight 573:588 the total weight 573:588 The SGM and the KGM exhibited two overlapping peaks from 200 to 375°C, which correspond to the intensive devolatilization of more than 59% of the total weight. 24721051 4 43 theme GMs 759:761 arg1 compositions 713:724 chemical compositions 704:724 chemical compositions 704:724 Differences in the pyrolysis-product distributions and thermal stabilities appeared as a result of the different chemical compositions and molecular weights of the two GMs. 24721051 4 43 theme GMs 759:761 arg1 weights 740:746 molecular weights 730:746 molecular weights 730:746 Differences in the pyrolysis-product distributions and thermal stabilities appeared as a result of the different chemical compositions and molecular weights of the two GMs. 24721051 1 44 theme spruce 153:158 arg1 SGM 173:175 SGM 173:175 SGM 173:175 The thermal degradation behavior and kinetics of spruce glucomannan (SGM) and its methylated derivatives were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis to characterize its temperature-dependent changes for use in specific applications. 24721051 1 44 theme spruce 153:158 arg1 glucomannan 160:170 spruce glucomannan 153:170 spruce glucomannan (SGM) 153:176 The thermal degradation behavior and kinetics of spruce glucomannan (SGM) and its methylated derivatives were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis to characterize its temperature-dependent changes for use in specific applications. 24721051 1 45 theme thermogravimetric 233:249 arg1 analysis 251:258 thermogravimetric analysis 233:258 thermogravimetric analysis 233:258 The thermal degradation behavior and kinetics of spruce glucomannan (SGM) and its methylated derivatives were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis to characterize its temperature-dependent changes for use in specific applications. 24721051 4 46 theme thermal 646:652 arg1 stabilities 654:664 thermal stabilities 646:664 thermal stabilities 646:664 Differences in the pyrolysis-product distributions and thermal stabilities appeared as a result of the different chemical compositions and molecular weights of the two GMs. 24721051 2 47 theme konjac 405:410 arg1 KGM 425:427 KGM 425:427 KGM 425:427 The results were compared with those obtained for commercial konjac glucomannan (KGM). 24721051 2 47 theme konjac 405:410 arg1 glucomannan 412:422 commercial konjac glucomannan 394:422 commercial konjac glucomannan (KGM) 394:428 The results were compared with those obtained for commercial konjac glucomannan (KGM). 24721051 0 48 theme glucomannan 60:70 arg1 behavior 20:27 Thermal degradation behavior 0:27 Thermal degradation behavior 0:27 Thermal degradation behavior and kinetic analysis of spruce glucomannan and its methylated derivatives. 24721051 0 48 theme glucomannan 60:70 arg1 analysis 41:48 kinetic analysis 33:48 kinetic analysis of spruce glucomannan and its methylated derivatives 33:101 Thermal degradation behavior and kinetic analysis of spruce glucomannan and its methylated derivatives. 24721051 2 49 theme commercial 394:403 arg1 KGM 425:427 KGM 425:427 KGM 425:427 The results were compared with those obtained for commercial konjac glucomannan (KGM). 24721051 2 49 theme commercial 394:403 arg1 glucomannan 412:422 commercial konjac glucomannan 394:422 commercial konjac glucomannan (KGM) 394:428 The results were compared with those obtained for commercial konjac glucomannan (KGM). 24721051 4 50 theme pyrolysis-product 610:626 arg1 distributions 628:640 the pyrolysis-product distributions 606:640 the pyrolysis-product distributions 606:640 Differences in the pyrolysis-product distributions and thermal stabilities appeared as a result of the different chemical compositions and molecular weights of the two GMs. 28366859 12 0 theme composition 1600:1610 arg1 particles 1615:1623 inorganic composition HA particles 1590:1623 inorganic composition HA particles 1590:1623 Scaffold structure was gradually destroyed and inorganic composition HA particles are more prominent with degradation time. 28366859 4 1 with mHA/CS 527:532 arg1 architectures 631:643 interconnected spherical pore architectures 601:643 interconnected spherical pore architectures 601:643 Microhydroxyapatite/chitosan (mHA/CS) and nanohydroxyapatite/chitosan (nHA/CS) composite scaffolds with interconnected spherical pore architectures were fabricated. 28366859 10 2 theme spherical 1334:1342 arg1 pores 1344:1348 interconnected spherical pores 1319:1348 interconnected spherical pores 1319:1348 Micro-CT results demonstrated the scaffolds had interconnected spherical pores, and the structure parameters were similar. 28366859 12 3 theme Scaffold 1543:1550 arg1 structure 1552:1560 Scaffold structure 1543:1560 Scaffold structure 1543:1560 Scaffold structure was gradually destroyed and inorganic composition HA particles are more prominent with degradation time. 28366859 14 4 dep NanoHA/CS 1810:1818 arg1 scaffolds 1835:1843 scaffolds 1835:1843 scaffolds 1835:1843 NanoHA/CS and microHA/CS scaffolds with good pore connectivity were fabricated and their biological, degradation properties were studied in this manuscript. 28366859 2 5 theme biological 323:332 arg1 property 334:341 biological property 323:341 biological property 323:341 Inorganic particle shape and size of composite affect the scaffold mechanical property, biological property, and degradation. 28366859 15 6 theme interconnected 1989:2002 arg1 construct 2013:2021 interconnected porosity construct 1989:2021 interconnected porosity construct 1989:2021 (2) The scaffold with interconnected porosity construct provides the necessary support for cells to proliferate and maintain their differentiated function, and its architecture related to the structure and morphology of new bone. 28366859 13 7 theme biological 1772:1781 arg1 property 1783:1790 biological property 1772:1790 biological property 1772:1790 SIGNIFICANCE (1) Inorganic particle shape and size of composite affect the scaffold mechanical property, biological property, and degradation. 28366859 15 8 theme differentiated 2098:2111 arg1 function 2113:2120 differentiated function 2098:2120 differentiated function 2098:2120 (2) The scaffold with interconnected porosity construct provides the necessary support for cells to proliferate and maintain their differentiated function, and its architecture related to the structure and morphology of new bone. 28366859 7 9 theme reducing 944:951 arg1 content 959:965 reducing sugar content 944:965 reducing sugar content 944:965 To research the composite degradation in lysozyme PBS solution, degradation rate and reducing sugar content were tested, and scaffolds morphology were observed by SEM. 28366859 13 10 theme scaffold 1742:1749 arg1 property 1762:1769 the scaffold mechanical property 1738:1769 the scaffold mechanical property 1738:1769 SIGNIFICANCE (1) Inorganic particle shape and size of composite affect the scaffold mechanical property, biological property, and degradation. 28366859 17 11 from use 2433:2435 arg1 engineering 2452:2462 bone tissue engineering 2440:2462 bone tissue engineering 2440:2462 (3) MicroHA/CS and nanoHA/CS composite scaffolds are potential materials for use in bone tissue engineering. 28366859 4 12 theme Microhydroxyapatite/chitosan 497:524 arg1 mHA/CS 527:532 Microhydroxyapatite/chitosan (mHA/CS) and nanohydroxyapatite/chitosan (nHA/CS) composite scaffolds 497:594 mHA/CS 527:532 Microhydroxyapatite/chitosan (mHA/CS) and nanohydroxyapatite/chitosan (nHA/CS) composite scaffolds with interconnected spherical pore architectures were fabricated. 28366859 11 13 theme significant 1476:1486 arg1 difference 1488:1497 no significant difference 1473:1497 no significant difference between microHA/CS and nanoHA/CS scaffolds 1473:1540 Cell viabilities were significant increased with cultured time, but there were no significant difference between microHA/CS and nanoHA/CS scaffolds. 28366859 14 14 theme pore 1855:1858 arg1 connectivity 1860:1871 good pore connectivity 1850:1871 good pore connectivity 1850:1871 NanoHA/CS and microHA/CS scaffolds with good pore connectivity were fabricated and their biological, degradation properties were studied in this manuscript. 28366859 14 15 dep biological 1899:1908 arg1 degradation 1911:1921 degradation 1911:1921 degradation 1911:1921 NanoHA/CS and microHA/CS scaffolds with good pore connectivity were fabricated and their biological, degradation properties were studied in this manuscript. 28366859 2 16 theme scaffold 293:300 arg1 property 313:320 the scaffold mechanical property 289:320 the scaffold mechanical property 289:320 Inorganic particle shape and size of composite affect the scaffold mechanical property, biological property, and degradation. 28366859 14 17 theme biological 1899:1908 arg1 properties 1923:1932 their biological, degradation properties 1893:1932 their biological, degradation properties 1893:1932 NanoHA/CS and microHA/CS scaffolds with good pore connectivity were fabricated and their biological, degradation properties were studied in this manuscript. 28366859 13 18 theme particle 1694:1701 arg1 shape 1703:1707 SIGNIFICANCE (1) Inorganic particle shape 1667:1707 SIGNIFICANCE (1) Inorganic particle shape 1667:1707 SIGNIFICANCE (1) Inorganic particle shape and size of composite affect the scaffold mechanical property, biological property, and degradation. 28366859 0 19 theme interconnected 80:93 arg1 macropores 105:114 interconnected spherical macropores 80:114 interconnected spherical macropores 80:114 Degradation behavior and compatibility of micro, nanoHA/chitosan scaffolds with interconnected spherical macropores. 28366859 11 20 theme Cell 1394:1397 arg1 viabilities 1399:1409 Cell viabilities 1394:1409 Cell viabilities 1394:1409 Cell viabilities were significant increased with cultured time, but there were no significant difference between microHA/CS and nanoHA/CS scaffolds. 28366859 8 21 theme infrared 1137:1144 arg1 spectra 1146:1152 their infrared spectra 1131:1152 their infrared spectra 1131:1152 The results showed that microHA and nanoHA were fabricated by being calcined and synthesis methods, and their infrared spectra are very similar. 28366859 12 22 with prominent 1634:1642 arg1 time 1661:1664 degradation time 1649:1664 degradation time 1649:1664 Scaffold structure was gradually destroyed and inorganic composition HA particles are more prominent with degradation time. 28366859 17 23 theme bone 2440:2443 arg1 engineering 2452:2462 bone tissue engineering 2440:2462 bone tissue engineering 2440:2462 (3) MicroHA/CS and nanoHA/CS composite scaffolds are potential materials for use in bone tissue engineering. 28366859 11 24 theme cultured 1443:1450 arg1 time 1452:1455 cultured time 1443:1455 cultured time 1443:1455 Cell viabilities were significant increased with cultured time, but there were no significant difference between microHA/CS and nanoHA/CS scaffolds. 28366859 17 25 theme MicroHA/CS 2360:2369 arg1 scaffolds 2395:2403 (3) MicroHA/CS and nanoHA/CS composite scaffolds 2356:2403 (3) MicroHA/CS and nanoHA/CS composite scaffolds 2356:2403 (3) MicroHA/CS and nanoHA/CS composite scaffolds are potential materials for use in bone tissue engineering. 28366859 17 25 theme MicroHA/CS 2360:2369 arg1 materials 2419:2427 potential materials 2409:2427 potential materials for use in bone tissue engineering 2409:2462 (3) MicroHA/CS and nanoHA/CS composite scaffolds are potential materials for use in bone tissue engineering. 28366859 9 26 theme composition 1177:1187 arg1 analysis 1189:1196 EDAX composition analysis 1172:1196 EDAX composition analysis 1172:1196 EDAX composition analysis demonstrated that both of microHA and nanoHA were calcium deficiency HA. 28366859 16 27 theme paraffin 2308:2315 arg1 porogen 2347:2353 the porogen 2343:2353 the porogen 2343:2353 Polymer scaffolds were fabricated by the technique of compression molding and particulate leaching method, and paraffin microspheres were used as the porogen. 28366859 16 27 theme paraffin 2308:2315 arg1 microspheres 2317:2328 paraffin microspheres 2308:2328 paraffin microspheres 2308:2328 Polymer scaffolds were fabricated by the technique of compression molding and particulate leaching method, and paraffin microspheres were used as the porogen. 28366859 17 28 theme nanoHA/CS 2375:2383 arg1 scaffolds 2395:2403 (3) MicroHA/CS and nanoHA/CS composite scaffolds 2356:2403 (3) MicroHA/CS and nanoHA/CS composite scaffolds 2356:2403 (3) MicroHA/CS and nanoHA/CS composite scaffolds are potential materials for use in bone tissue engineering. 28366859 17 28 theme nanoHA/CS 2375:2383 arg1 materials 2419:2427 potential materials 2409:2427 potential materials for use in bone tissue engineering 2409:2462 (3) MicroHA/CS and nanoHA/CS composite scaffolds are potential materials for use in bone tissue engineering. 28366859 13 29 theme SIGNIFICANCE 1667:1678 arg1 shape 1703:1707 SIGNIFICANCE (1) Inorganic particle shape 1667:1707 SIGNIFICANCE (1) Inorganic particle shape 1667:1707 SIGNIFICANCE (1) Inorganic particle shape and size of composite affect the scaffold mechanical property, biological property, and degradation. 28366859 0 30 theme Degradation 0:10 arg1 behavior 12:19 Degradation behavior 0:19 Degradation behavior 0:19 Degradation behavior and compatibility of micro, nanoHA/chitosan scaffolds with interconnected spherical macropores. 28366859 5 31 theme scaffolds 672:680 arg1 parameters 692:701 Composite scaffolds structure parameters 662:701 Composite scaffolds structure parameters 662:701 Composite scaffolds structure parameters were analyzed using micro CT. 28366859 3 32 theme HA/CS 400:404 arg1 scaffold 406:413 HA/CS scaffold 400:413 HA/CS scaffold with good pore connectivity 400:441 The aim of this study was to fabricate HA/CS scaffold with good pore connectivity and analyze their biological, degradation properties. 28366859 4 33 theme pore 626:629 arg1 architectures 631:643 interconnected spherical pore architectures 601:643 interconnected spherical pore architectures 601:643 Microhydroxyapatite/chitosan (mHA/CS) and nanohydroxyapatite/chitosan (nHA/CS) composite scaffolds with interconnected spherical pore architectures were fabricated. 28366859 7 34 theme PBS 909:911 arg1 solution 913:920 lysozyme PBS solution 900:920 lysozyme PBS solution 900:920 To research the composite degradation in lysozyme PBS solution, degradation rate and reducing sugar content were tested, and scaffolds morphology were observed by SEM. 28366859 15 35 theme new 2187:2189 arg1 bone 2191:2194 new bone 2187:2194 new bone 2187:2194 (2) The scaffold with interconnected porosity construct provides the necessary support for cells to proliferate and maintain their differentiated function, and its architecture related to the structure and morphology of new bone. 28366859 10 36 theme Micro-CT 1271:1278 arg1 results 1280:1286 Micro-CT results 1271:1286 Micro-CT results 1271:1286 Micro-CT results demonstrated the scaffolds had interconnected spherical pores, and the structure parameters were similar. 28366859 3 37 dep biological 461:470 arg1 degradation 473:483 degradation 473:483 degradation 473:483 The aim of this study was to fabricate HA/CS scaffold with good pore connectivity and analyze their biological, degradation properties. 28366859 3 38 theme pore 425:428 arg1 connectivity 430:441 good pore connectivity 420:441 good pore connectivity 420:441 The aim of this study was to fabricate HA/CS scaffold with good pore connectivity and analyze their biological, degradation properties. 28366859 7 39 theme composite 875:883 arg1 degradation 885:895 the composite degradation 871:895 the composite degradation in lysozyme PBS solution 871:920 To research the composite degradation in lysozyme PBS solution, degradation rate and reducing sugar content were tested, and scaffolds morphology were observed by SEM. 28366859 17 40 theme potential 2409:2417 arg1 scaffolds 2395:2403 (3) MicroHA/CS and nanoHA/CS composite scaffolds 2356:2403 (3) MicroHA/CS and nanoHA/CS composite scaffolds 2356:2403 (3) MicroHA/CS and nanoHA/CS composite scaffolds are potential materials for use in bone tissue engineering. 28366859 17 40 theme potential 2409:2417 arg1 materials 2419:2427 potential materials 2409:2427 potential materials for use in bone tissue engineering 2409:2462 (3) MicroHA/CS and nanoHA/CS composite scaffolds are potential materials for use in bone tissue engineering. 28366859 4 41 theme interconnected 601:614 arg1 architectures 631:643 interconnected spherical pore architectures 601:643 interconnected spherical pore architectures 601:643 Microhydroxyapatite/chitosan (mHA/CS) and nanohydroxyapatite/chitosan (nHA/CS) composite scaffolds with interconnected spherical pore architectures were fabricated. 28366859 16 42 theme compression 2251:2261 arg1 method 2296:2301 compression molding and particulate leaching method 2251:2301 compression molding and particulate leaching method 2251:2301 Polymer scaffolds were fabricated by the technique of compression molding and particulate leaching method, and paraffin microspheres were used as the porogen. 28366859 2 43 theme particle 245:252 arg1 shape 254:258 Inorganic particle shape 235:258 Inorganic particle shape 235:258 Inorganic particle shape and size of composite affect the scaffold mechanical property, biological property, and degradation. 28366859 9 44 theme calcium 1248:1254 arg1 HA 1267:1268 calcium deficiency HA 1248:1268 calcium deficiency HA 1248:1268 EDAX composition analysis demonstrated that both of microHA and nanoHA were calcium deficiency HA. 28366859 12 45 theme degradation 1649:1659 arg1 time 1661:1664 degradation time 1649:1664 degradation time 1649:1664 Scaffold structure was gradually destroyed and inorganic composition HA particles are more prominent with degradation time. 28366859 15 46 theme necessary 2036:2044 arg1 support 2046:2052 the necessary support 2032:2052 the necessary support for cells to proliferate and maintain their differentiated function, and its architecture related to the structure and morphology of new bone 2032:2194 (2) The scaffold with interconnected porosity construct provides the necessary support for cells to proliferate and maintain their differentiated function, and its architecture related to the structure and morphology of new bone. 28366859 6 47 theme line 844:847 arg1 MC3T3-E1 849:856 mouse osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1 820:856 mouse osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1 820:856 Cell proliferation and morphology were tested and compared between two scaffolds using mouse osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1. 28366859 12 48 theme HA 1612:1613 arg1 particles 1615:1623 inorganic composition HA particles 1590:1623 inorganic composition HA particles 1590:1623 Scaffold structure was gradually destroyed and inorganic composition HA particles are more prominent with degradation time. 28366859 6 49 theme osteoblastic 826:837 arg1 MC3T3-E1 849:856 mouse osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1 820:856 mouse osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1 820:856 Cell proliferation and morphology were tested and compared between two scaffolds using mouse osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1. 28366859 7 50 from degradation 885:895 arg1 solution 913:920 lysozyme PBS solution 900:920 lysozyme PBS solution 900:920 To research the composite degradation in lysozyme PBS solution, degradation rate and reducing sugar content were tested, and scaffolds morphology were observed by SEM. 28366859 15 51 theme porosity 2004:2011 arg1 construct 2013:2021 interconnected porosity construct 1989:2021 interconnected porosity construct 1989:2021 (2) The scaffold with interconnected porosity construct provides the necessary support for cells to proliferate and maintain their differentiated function, and its architecture related to the structure and morphology of new bone. 28366859 13 52 theme mechanical 1751:1760 arg1 property 1762:1769 the scaffold mechanical property 1738:1769 the scaffold mechanical property 1738:1769 SIGNIFICANCE (1) Inorganic particle shape and size of composite affect the scaffold mechanical property, biological property, and degradation. 28366859 7 53 theme scaffolds 984:992 arg1 morphology 994:1003 scaffolds morphology 984:1003 scaffolds morphology 984:1003 To research the composite degradation in lysozyme PBS solution, degradation rate and reducing sugar content were tested, and scaffolds morphology were observed by SEM. 28366859 10 54 theme interconnected 1319:1332 arg1 pores 1344:1348 interconnected spherical pores 1319:1348 interconnected spherical pores 1319:1348 Micro-CT results demonstrated the scaffolds had interconnected spherical pores, and the structure parameters were similar. 28366859 8 55 theme calcined 1095:1102 arg1 methods 1118:1124 calcined and synthesis methods 1095:1124 methods 1118:1124 The results showed that microHA and nanoHA were fabricated by being calcined and synthesis methods, and their infrared spectra are very similar. 28366859 5 56 theme micro 723:727 arg1 CT 729:730 micro CT 723:730 micro CT 723:730 Composite scaffolds structure parameters were analyzed using micro CT. 28366859 12 57 theme inorganic 1590:1598 arg1 particles 1615:1623 inorganic composition HA particles 1590:1623 inorganic composition HA particles 1590:1623 Scaffold structure was gradually destroyed and inorganic composition HA particles are more prominent with degradation time. 28366859 8 58 theme synthesis 1108:1116 arg1 methods 1118:1124 calcined and synthesis methods 1095:1124 methods 1118:1124 The results showed that microHA and nanoHA were fabricated by being calcined and synthesis methods, and their infrared spectra are very similar. 28366859 13 59 theme composite 1721:1729 arg1 size 1713:1716 size 1713:1716 size 1713:1716 SIGNIFICANCE (1) Inorganic particle shape and size of composite affect the scaffold mechanical property, biological property, and degradation. 28366859 13 59 theme composite 1721:1729 arg1 shape 1703:1707 SIGNIFICANCE (1) Inorganic particle shape 1667:1707 SIGNIFICANCE (1) Inorganic particle shape 1667:1707 SIGNIFICANCE (1) Inorganic particle shape and size of composite affect the scaffold mechanical property, biological property, and degradation. 28366859 1 60 theme bone 217:220 arg1 replacement 222:232 bone replacement 217:232 bone replacement 217:232 Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan (HA/CS) composite have significant application in biomedical especially for bone replacement. 28366859 3 61 with scaffold 406:413 arg1 connectivity 430:441 good pore connectivity 420:441 good pore connectivity 420:441 The aim of this study was to fabricate HA/CS scaffold with good pore connectivity and analyze their biological, degradation properties. 28366859 15 62 dep provides 2023:2030 arg1 2 1968:1968 2 1968:1968 2 1968:1968 (2) The scaffold with interconnected porosity construct provides the necessary support for cells to proliferate and maintain their differentiated function, and its architecture related to the structure and morphology of new bone. 28366859 7 63 theme sugar 953:957 arg1 content 959:965 reducing sugar content 944:965 reducing sugar content 944:965 To research the composite degradation in lysozyme PBS solution, degradation rate and reducing sugar content were tested, and scaffolds morphology were observed by SEM. 28366859 2 64 theme composite 272:280 arg1 size 264:267 size 264:267 size of composite 264:280 Inorganic particle shape and size of composite affect the scaffold mechanical property, biological property, and degradation. 28366859 2 64 theme composite 272:280 arg1 shape 254:258 Inorganic particle shape 235:258 Inorganic particle shape 235:258 Inorganic particle shape and size of composite affect the scaffold mechanical property, biological property, and degradation. 28366859 16 65 theme leaching 2287:2294 arg1 method 2296:2301 compression molding and particulate leaching method 2251:2301 compression molding and particulate leaching method 2251:2301 Polymer scaffolds were fabricated by the technique of compression molding and particulate leaching method, and paraffin microspheres were used as the porogen. 28366859 10 66 theme structure 1359:1367 arg1 similar 1385:1391 similar 1385:1391 similar 1385:1391 Micro-CT results demonstrated the scaffolds had interconnected spherical pores, and the structure parameters were similar. 28366859 10 66 theme structure 1359:1367 arg1 parameters 1369:1378 the structure parameters 1355:1378 the structure parameters 1355:1378 Micro-CT results demonstrated the scaffolds had interconnected spherical pores, and the structure parameters were similar. 28366859 14 67 theme good 1850:1853 arg1 connectivity 1860:1871 good pore connectivity 1850:1871 good pore connectivity 1850:1871 NanoHA/CS and microHA/CS scaffolds with good pore connectivity were fabricated and their biological, degradation properties were studied in this manuscript. 28366859 2 68 theme mechanical 302:311 arg1 property 313:320 the scaffold mechanical property 289:320 the scaffold mechanical property 289:320 Inorganic particle shape and size of composite affect the scaffold mechanical property, biological property, and degradation. 28366859 15 69 with scaffold 1975:1982 arg1 construct 2013:2021 interconnected porosity construct 1989:2021 interconnected porosity construct 1989:2021 (2) The scaffold with interconnected porosity construct provides the necessary support for cells to proliferate and maintain their differentiated function, and its architecture related to the structure and morphology of new bone. 28366859 13 70 theme Inorganic 1684:1692 arg1 shape 1703:1707 SIGNIFICANCE (1) Inorganic particle shape 1667:1707 SIGNIFICANCE (1) Inorganic particle shape 1667:1707 SIGNIFICANCE (1) Inorganic particle shape and size of composite affect the scaffold mechanical property, biological property, and degradation. 28366859 1 71 theme significant 164:174 arg1 application 176:186 significant application 164:186 significant application in biomedical 164:200 Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan (HA/CS) composite have significant application in biomedical especially for bone replacement. 28366859 4 72 theme nHA/CS 568:573 arg1 scaffolds 586:594 Microhydroxyapatite/chitosan (mHA/CS) and nanohydroxyapatite/chitosan (nHA/CS) composite scaffolds 497:594 scaffolds 586:594 Microhydroxyapatite/chitosan (mHA/CS) and nanohydroxyapatite/chitosan (nHA/CS) composite scaffolds with interconnected spherical pore architectures were fabricated. 28366859 6 73 theme Cell 733:736 arg1 proliferation 738:750 Cell proliferation 733:750 Cell proliferation 733:750 Cell proliferation and morphology were tested and compared between two scaffolds using mouse osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1. 28366859 0 74 theme spherical 95:103 arg1 macropores 105:114 interconnected spherical macropores 80:114 interconnected spherical macropores 80:114 Degradation behavior and compatibility of micro, nanoHA/chitosan scaffolds with interconnected spherical macropores. 28366859 4 75 theme composite 576:584 arg1 scaffolds 586:594 Microhydroxyapatite/chitosan (mHA/CS) and nanohydroxyapatite/chitosan (nHA/CS) composite scaffolds 497:594 scaffolds 586:594 Microhydroxyapatite/chitosan (mHA/CS) and nanohydroxyapatite/chitosan (nHA/CS) composite scaffolds with interconnected spherical pore architectures were fabricated. 28366859 16 76 theme molding 2263:2269 arg1 method 2296:2301 compression molding and particulate leaching method 2251:2301 compression molding and particulate leaching method 2251:2301 Polymer scaffolds were fabricated by the technique of compression molding and particulate leaching method, and paraffin microspheres were used as the porogen. 28366859 16 77 theme particulate 2275:2285 arg1 method 2296:2301 compression molding and particulate leaching method 2251:2301 compression molding and particulate leaching method 2251:2301 Polymer scaffolds were fabricated by the technique of compression molding and particulate leaching method, and paraffin microspheres were used as the porogen. 28366859 15 78 dep structure 2159:2167 arg1 the 2155:2157 the 2155:2157 the 2155:2157 (2) The scaffold with interconnected porosity construct provides the necessary support for cells to proliferate and maintain their differentiated function, and its architecture related to the structure and morphology of new bone. 28366859 4 79 with scaffolds 586:594 arg1 architectures 631:643 interconnected spherical pore architectures 601:643 interconnected spherical pore architectures 601:643 Microhydroxyapatite/chitosan (mHA/CS) and nanohydroxyapatite/chitosan (nHA/CS) composite scaffolds with interconnected spherical pore architectures were fabricated. 28366859 15 80 theme related 2144:2150 arg1 function 2113:2120 differentiated function 2098:2120 differentiated function 2098:2120 (2) The scaffold with interconnected porosity construct provides the necessary support for cells to proliferate and maintain their differentiated function, and its architecture related to the structure and morphology of new bone. 28366859 11 81 theme nanoHA/CS 1522:1530 arg1 scaffolds 1532:1540 nanoHA/CS scaffolds 1522:1540 nanoHA/CS scaffolds 1522:1540 Cell viabilities were significant increased with cultured time, but there were no significant difference between microHA/CS and nanoHA/CS scaffolds. 28366859 6 82 theme mouse 820:824 arg1 MC3T3-E1 849:856 mouse osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1 820:856 mouse osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1 820:856 Cell proliferation and morphology were tested and compared between two scaffolds using mouse osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1. 28366859 9 83 theme EDAX 1172:1175 arg1 analysis 1189:1196 EDAX composition analysis 1172:1196 EDAX composition analysis 1172:1196 EDAX composition analysis demonstrated that both of microHA and nanoHA were calcium deficiency HA. 28366859 1 84 from application 176:186 arg1 biomedical 191:200 biomedical 191:200 biomedical 191:200 Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan (HA/CS) composite have significant application in biomedical especially for bone replacement. 28366859 4 85 theme nanohydroxyapatite/chitosan 539:565 arg1 scaffolds 586:594 Microhydroxyapatite/chitosan (mHA/CS) and nanohydroxyapatite/chitosan (nHA/CS) composite scaffolds 497:594 scaffolds 586:594 Microhydroxyapatite/chitosan (mHA/CS) and nanohydroxyapatite/chitosan (nHA/CS) composite scaffolds with interconnected spherical pore architectures were fabricated. 28366859 16 86 theme method 2296:2301 arg1 technique 2238:2246 the technique 2234:2246 the technique of compression molding and particulate leaching method 2234:2301 Polymer scaffolds were fabricated by the technique of compression molding and particulate leaching method, and paraffin microspheres were used as the porogen. 28366859 3 87 theme study 377:381 arg1 aim 365:367 The aim 361:367 The aim of this study 361:381 The aim of this study was to fabricate HA/CS scaffold with good pore connectivity and analyze their biological, degradation properties. 28366859 5 88 theme Composite 662:670 arg1 parameters 692:701 Composite scaffolds structure parameters 662:701 Composite scaffolds structure parameters 662:701 Composite scaffolds structure parameters were analyzed using micro CT. 28366859 3 89 theme good 420:423 arg1 connectivity 430:441 good pore connectivity 420:441 good pore connectivity 420:441 The aim of this study was to fabricate HA/CS scaffold with good pore connectivity and analyze their biological, degradation properties. 28366859 17 90 theme composite 2385:2393 arg1 scaffolds 2395:2403 (3) MicroHA/CS and nanoHA/CS composite scaffolds 2356:2403 (3) MicroHA/CS and nanoHA/CS composite scaffolds 2356:2403 (3) MicroHA/CS and nanoHA/CS composite scaffolds are potential materials for use in bone tissue engineering. 28366859 17 90 theme composite 2385:2393 arg1 materials 2419:2427 potential materials 2409:2427 potential materials for use in bone tissue engineering 2409:2462 (3) MicroHA/CS and nanoHA/CS composite scaffolds are potential materials for use in bone tissue engineering. 28366859 3 91 theme biological 461:470 arg1 properties 485:494 their biological, degradation properties 455:494 their biological, degradation properties 455:494 The aim of this study was to fabricate HA/CS scaffold with good pore connectivity and analyze their biological, degradation properties. 28366859 7 92 theme degradation 923:933 arg1 rate 935:938 degradation rate 923:938 degradation rate 923:938 To research the composite degradation in lysozyme PBS solution, degradation rate and reducing sugar content were tested, and scaffolds morphology were observed by SEM. 28366859 5 93 theme structure 682:690 arg1 parameters 692:701 Composite scaffolds structure parameters 662:701 Composite scaffolds structure parameters 662:701 Composite scaffolds structure parameters were analyzed using micro CT. 28366859 16 94 theme Polymer 2197:2203 arg1 scaffolds 2205:2213 Polymer scaffolds 2197:2213 Polymer scaffolds 2197:2213 Polymer scaffolds were fabricated by the technique of compression molding and particulate leaching method, and paraffin microspheres were used as the porogen. 28366859 0 95 theme micro 42:46 arg1 compatibility 25:37 compatibility 25:37 compatibility 25:37 Degradation behavior and compatibility of micro, nanoHA/chitosan scaffolds with interconnected spherical macropores. 28366859 0 95 theme micro 42:46 arg1 behavior 12:19 Degradation behavior 0:19 Degradation behavior 0:19 Degradation behavior and compatibility of micro, nanoHA/chitosan scaffolds with interconnected spherical macropores. 28366859 14 96 with NanoHA/CS 1810:1818 arg1 connectivity 1860:1871 good pore connectivity 1850:1871 good pore connectivity 1850:1871 NanoHA/CS and microHA/CS scaffolds with good pore connectivity were fabricated and their biological, degradation properties were studied in this manuscript. 28366859 15 97 theme bone 2191:2194 arg1 morphology 2173:2182 morphology 2173:2182 morphology 2173:2182 (2) The scaffold with interconnected porosity construct provides the necessary support for cells to proliferate and maintain their differentiated function, and its architecture related to the structure and morphology of new bone. 28366859 15 97 theme bone 2191:2194 arg1 structure 2159:2167 structure 2159:2167 structure 2159:2167 (2) The scaffold with interconnected porosity construct provides the necessary support for cells to proliferate and maintain their differentiated function, and its architecture related to the structure and morphology of new bone. 28366859 7 98 theme lysozyme 900:907 arg1 solution 913:920 lysozyme PBS solution 900:920 lysozyme PBS solution 900:920 To research the composite degradation in lysozyme PBS solution, degradation rate and reducing sugar content were tested, and scaffolds morphology were observed by SEM. 28366859 14 99 with microHA/CS 1824:1833 arg1 connectivity 1860:1871 good pore connectivity 1850:1871 good pore connectivity 1850:1871 NanoHA/CS and microHA/CS scaffolds with good pore connectivity were fabricated and their biological, degradation properties were studied in this manuscript. 28366859 17 100 theme tissue 2445:2450 arg1 engineering 2452:2462 bone tissue engineering 2440:2462 bone tissue engineering 2440:2462 (3) MicroHA/CS and nanoHA/CS composite scaffolds are potential materials for use in bone tissue engineering. 28366859 17 101 dep MicroHA/CS 2360:2369 arg1 3 2357:2357 3 2357:2357 3 2357:2357 (3) MicroHA/CS and nanoHA/CS composite scaffolds are potential materials for use in bone tissue engineering. 28366859 4 102 theme spherical 616:624 arg1 architectures 631:643 interconnected spherical pore architectures 601:643 interconnected spherical pore architectures 601:643 Microhydroxyapatite/chitosan (mHA/CS) and nanohydroxyapatite/chitosan (nHA/CS) composite scaffolds with interconnected spherical pore architectures were fabricated. 28366859 16 103 used used 2335:2338 arg2 microspheres 2317:2328 paraffin microspheres 2308:2328 paraffin microspheres 2308:2328 Polymer scaffolds were fabricated by the technique of compression molding and particulate leaching method, and paraffin microspheres were used as the porogen. 28366859 16 103 used used 2335:2338 arg2 porogen 2347:2353 the porogen 2343:2353 the porogen 2343:2353 Polymer scaffolds were fabricated by the technique of compression molding and particulate leaching method, and paraffin microspheres were used as the porogen. 28366859 2 104 theme Inorganic 235:243 arg1 shape 254:258 Inorganic particle shape 235:258 Inorganic particle shape 235:258 Inorganic particle shape and size of composite affect the scaffold mechanical property, biological property, and degradation. 28366859 9 105 theme deficiency 1256:1265 arg1 HA 1267:1268 calcium deficiency HA 1248:1268 calcium deficiency HA 1248:1268 EDAX composition analysis demonstrated that both of microHA and nanoHA were calcium deficiency HA. 28366859 1 106 contain have 159:162 arg1 composite 149:157 composite 149:157 composite 149:157 Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan (HA/CS) composite have significant application in biomedical especially for bone replacement. 28366859 1 106 contain have 159:162 arg2 application 176:186 significant application 164:186 significant application in biomedical 164:200 Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan (HA/CS) composite have significant application in biomedical especially for bone replacement. 28366859 6 107 theme cell 839:842 arg1 MC3T3-E1 849:856 mouse osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1 820:856 mouse osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1 820:856 Cell proliferation and morphology were tested and compared between two scaffolds using mouse osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1. 29169319 6 0 theme described 1246:1254 arg1 sets 1274:1277 the traditionally described co-regulated gene sets 1228:1277 the traditionally described co-regulated gene sets 1228:1277 RESULTS The cluster analysis of the expression data revealed several groups of co-regulated genes, which goes beyond the traditionally described co-regulated gene sets. 29169319 3 1 theme transcriptional 514:528 arg1 regulators 530:539 transcriptional regulators 514:539 transcriptional regulators 514:539 Previous studies have demonstrated the involvement of a number of transcriptional regulators in plant biomass degradation and have identified sets of target genes for each regulator. 29169319 10 2 theme biomass 2080:2086 arg1 conversion 2060:2069 the conversion 2056:2069 the conversion of plant biomass by fungi 2056:2095 CONCLUSIONS Expression profiling on a large number of substrates provides better insight in the complex regulatory systems that drive the conversion of plant biomass by fungi. 29169319 11 3 theme additional 2129:2138 arg1 evidence 2140:2147 additional evidence 2129:2147 additional evidence in favor of and against the similarity-based functions assigned to uncharacterized genes 2129:2236 In addition, the data provides additional evidence in favor of and against the similarity-based functions assigned to uncharacterized genes. 29169319 10 4 theme CONCLUSIONS 1922:1932 arg1 profiling 1945:1953 CONCLUSIONS Expression profiling 1922:1953 CONCLUSIONS Expression profiling on a large number of substrates 1922:1985 CONCLUSIONS Expression profiling on a large number of substrates provides better insight in the complex regulatory systems that drive the conversion of plant biomass by fungi. 29169319 3 5 from involvement 487:497 arg1 degradation 558:568 plant biomass degradation 544:568 plant biomass degradation 544:568 Previous studies have demonstrated the involvement of a number of transcriptional regulators in plant biomass degradation and have identified sets of target genes for each regulator. 29169319 3 6 theme biomass 550:556 arg1 degradation 558:568 plant biomass degradation 544:568 plant biomass degradation 544:568 Previous studies have demonstrated the involvement of a number of transcriptional regulators in plant biomass degradation and have identified sets of target genes for each regulator. 29169319 5 7 theme biomass 861:867 arg1 sources 884:890 plant biomass related carbon sources 855:890 plant biomass related carbon sources 855:890 Microarray data focusing on the initial response of A. niger to the presence of plant biomass related carbon sources were analyzed of a wild-type strain N402 that was grown on a large range of carbon sources and of the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX that were grown on their specific inducing compounds. 29169319 5 8 theme carbon 877:882 arg1 sources 884:890 plant biomass related carbon sources 855:890 plant biomass related carbon sources 855:890 Microarray data focusing on the initial response of A. niger to the presence of plant biomass related carbon sources were analyzed of a wild-type strain N402 that was grown on a large range of carbon sources and of the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX that were grown on their specific inducing compounds. 29169319 6 9 theme genes 1203:1207 arg1 groups 1180:1185 several groups 1172:1185 several groups 1172:1185 RESULTS The cluster analysis of the expression data revealed several groups of co-regulated genes, which goes beyond the traditionally described co-regulated gene sets. 29169319 6 9 theme genes 1203:1207 arg1 genes 1203:1207 co-regulated genes 1190:1207 co-regulated genes 1190:1207 RESULTS The cluster analysis of the expression data revealed several groups of co-regulated genes, which goes beyond the traditionally described co-regulated gene sets. 29169319 4 10 theme broad 648:652 arg1 analysis 670:677 a broad transcriptional analysis 646:677 a broad transcriptional analysis 646:677 In this study, a broad transcriptional analysis was performed of the A. niger genes encoding (putative) plant polysaccharide degrading enzymes. 29169319 10 11 theme better 1996:2001 arg1 insight 2003:2009 better insight 1996:2009 better insight in the complex regulatory systems that drive the conversion of plant biomass by fungi 1996:2095 CONCLUSIONS Expression profiling on a large number of substrates provides better insight in the complex regulatory systems that drive the conversion of plant biomass by fungi. 29169319 1 12 theme plant 220:224 arg1 degradation 241:251 plant polysaccharide degradation 220:251 plant polysaccharide degradation 220:251 BACKGROUND The Aspergillus niger genome contains a large repertoire of genes encoding carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) that are targeted to plant polysaccharide degradation enabling A. niger to grow on a wide range of plant biomass substrates. 29169319 10 13 from profiling 1945:1953 arg1 number 1966:1971 a large number 1958:1971 a large number of substrates 1958:1985 CONCLUSIONS Expression profiling on a large number of substrates provides better insight in the complex regulatory systems that drive the conversion of plant biomass by fungi. 29169319 8 14 theme expression 1422:1431 arg1 profile 1433:1439 the expression profile 1418:1439 the expression profile 1418:1439 Notably, in several cases the expression profile puts questions on the function assignment of uncharacterized genes that was based on homology searches, highlighting the need for more extensive biochemical studies into the substrate specificity of enzymes encoded by these non-characterized genes. 29169319 10 15 theme substrates 1976:1985 arg1 number 1966:1971 a large number 1958:1971 a large number of substrates 1958:1985 CONCLUSIONS Expression profiling on a large number of substrates provides better insight in the complex regulatory systems that drive the conversion of plant biomass by fungi. 29169319 3 16 theme genes 605:609 arg1 sets 590:593 sets 590:593 sets of target genes for each regulator 590:628 Previous studies have demonstrated the involvement of a number of transcriptional regulators in plant biomass degradation and have identified sets of target genes for each regulator. 29169319 3 16 theme genes 605:609 arg1 genes 605:609 target genes 598:609 target genes 598:609 Previous studies have demonstrated the involvement of a number of transcriptional regulators in plant biomass degradation and have identified sets of target genes for each regulator. 29169319 5 17 theme wild-type 911:919 arg1 N402 928:931 a wild-type strain N402 909:931 a wild-type strain N402 that was grown on a large range of carbon sources and of the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX that were grown on their specific inducing compounds 909:1108 Microarray data focusing on the initial response of A. niger to the presence of plant biomass related carbon sources were analyzed of a wild-type strain N402 that was grown on a large range of carbon sources and of the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX that were grown on their specific inducing compounds. 29169319 9 18 theme genes 1721:1725 arg1 genes 1721:1725 genes 1721:1725 genes that were upregulated in the regulatory mutants 1721:1773 The data also revealed sets of genes that were upregulated in the regulatory mutants, suggesting interaction between the regulatory systems and a therefore even more complex overall regulatory network than has been reported so far. 29169319 9 18 theme genes 1721:1725 arg1 sets 1713:1716 sets 1713:1716 sets of genes that were upregulated in the regulatory mutants 1713:1773 The data also revealed sets of genes that were upregulated in the regulatory mutants, suggesting interaction between the regulatory systems and a therefore even more complex overall regulatory network than has been reported so far. 29169319 7 19 theme regulators 1329:1338 arg1 genes 1307:1311 Additional putative target genes 1280:1311 Additional putative target genes of the selected regulators 1280:1338 Additional putative target genes of the selected regulators were identified, based on their expression profile. 29169319 6 20 theme several 1172:1178 arg1 groups 1180:1185 several groups 1172:1185 several groups 1172:1185 RESULTS The cluster analysis of the expression data revealed several groups of co-regulated genes, which goes beyond the traditionally described co-regulated gene sets. 29169319 6 20 theme several 1172:1178 arg1 genes 1203:1207 co-regulated genes 1190:1207 co-regulated genes 1190:1207 RESULTS The cluster analysis of the expression data revealed several groups of co-regulated genes, which goes beyond the traditionally described co-regulated gene sets. 29169319 4 21 theme putative 725:732 arg1 enzymes 766:772 (putative) plant polysaccharide degrading enzymes 724:772 (putative) plant polysaccharide degrading enzymes 724:772 In this study, a broad transcriptional analysis was performed of the A. niger genes encoding (putative) plant polysaccharide degrading enzymes. 29169319 10 22 theme complex 2018:2024 arg1 systems 2037:2043 the complex regulatory systems 2014:2043 the complex regulatory systems that drive the conversion of plant biomass by fungi 2014:2095 CONCLUSIONS Expression profiling on a large number of substrates provides better insight in the complex regulatory systems that drive the conversion of plant biomass by fungi. 29169319 6 23 theme gene 1269:1272 arg1 sets 1274:1277 the traditionally described co-regulated gene sets 1228:1277 the traditionally described co-regulated gene sets 1228:1277 RESULTS The cluster analysis of the expression data revealed several groups of co-regulated genes, which goes beyond the traditionally described co-regulated gene sets. 29169319 1 24 theme genes 146:150 arg1 genes 146:150 genes 146:150 genes encoding carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) that are targeted to plant polysaccharide degradation enabling A. niger to grow on a wide range of plant biomass substrates 146:321 BACKGROUND The Aspergillus niger genome contains a large repertoire of genes encoding carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) that are targeted to plant polysaccharide degradation enabling A. niger to grow on a wide range of plant biomass substrates. 29169319 1 24 theme genes 146:150 arg1 repertoire 132:141 a large repertoire 124:141 a large repertoire of genes encoding carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) that are targeted to plant polysaccharide degradation enabling A. niger to grow on a wide range of plant biomass substrates 124:321 BACKGROUND The Aspergillus niger genome contains a large repertoire of genes encoding carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) that are targeted to plant polysaccharide degradation enabling A. niger to grow on a wide range of plant biomass substrates. 29169319 11 25 theme uncharacterized 2216:2230 arg1 genes 2232:2236 uncharacterized genes 2216:2236 uncharacterized genes 2216:2236 In addition, the data provides additional evidence in favor of and against the similarity-based functions assigned to uncharacterized genes. 29169319 6 26 theme data 1158:1161 arg1 analysis 1131:1138 The cluster analysis 1119:1138 The cluster analysis of the expression data 1119:1161 RESULTS The cluster analysis of the expression data revealed several groups of co-regulated genes, which goes beyond the traditionally described co-regulated gene sets. 29169319 9 27 theme regulatory 1811:1820 arg1 systems 1822:1828 the regulatory systems 1807:1828 the regulatory systems 1807:1828 The data also revealed sets of genes that were upregulated in the regulatory mutants, suggesting interaction between the regulatory systems and a therefore even more complex overall regulatory network than has been reported so far. 29169319 1 28 theme carbohydrate 161:172 arg1 CAZymes 190:196 CAZymes 190:196 CAZymes 190:196 BACKGROUND The Aspergillus niger genome contains a large repertoire of genes encoding carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) that are targeted to plant polysaccharide degradation enabling A. niger to grow on a wide range of plant biomass substrates. 29169319 1 28 theme carbohydrate 161:172 arg1 enzymes 181:187 carbohydrate active enzymes 161:187 carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) that are targeted to plant polysaccharide degradation enabling A. niger to grow on a wide range of plant biomass substrates 161:321 BACKGROUND The Aspergillus niger genome contains a large repertoire of genes encoding carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) that are targeted to plant polysaccharide degradation enabling A. niger to grow on a wide range of plant biomass substrates. 29169319 8 29 theme function 1463:1470 arg1 assignment 1472:1481 the function assignment 1459:1481 the function assignment of uncharacterized genes that was based on homology searches 1459:1542 Notably, in several cases the expression profile puts questions on the function assignment of uncharacterized genes that was based on homology searches, highlighting the need for more extensive biochemical studies into the substrate specificity of enzymes encoded by these non-characterized genes. 29169319 4 30 theme niger 703:707 arg1 genes 709:713 the A. niger genes 696:713 the A. niger genes encoding (putative) plant polysaccharide degrading enzymes 696:772 In this study, a broad transcriptional analysis was performed of the A. niger genes encoding (putative) plant polysaccharide degrading enzymes. 29169319 5 31 theme specific 1082:1089 arg1 compounds 1100:1108 their specific inducing compounds 1076:1108 their specific inducing compounds 1076:1108 Microarray data focusing on the initial response of A. niger to the presence of plant biomass related carbon sources were analyzed of a wild-type strain N402 that was grown on a large range of carbon sources and of the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX that were grown on their specific inducing compounds. 29169319 9 32 theme regulatory 1756:1765 arg1 mutants 1767:1773 the regulatory mutants 1752:1773 the regulatory mutants 1752:1773 The data also revealed sets of genes that were upregulated in the regulatory mutants, suggesting interaction between the regulatory systems and a therefore even more complex overall regulatory network than has been reported so far. 29169319 5 33 theme large 953:957 arg1 range 959:963 a large range 951:963 a large range of carbon sources and of the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX that were grown on their specific inducing compounds 951:1108 Microarray data focusing on the initial response of A. niger to the presence of plant biomass related carbon sources were analyzed of a wild-type strain N402 that was grown on a large range of carbon sources and of the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX that were grown on their specific inducing compounds. 29169319 8 34 theme genes 1502:1506 arg1 assignment 1472:1481 the function assignment 1459:1481 the function assignment of uncharacterized genes that was based on homology searches 1459:1542 Notably, in several cases the expression profile puts questions on the function assignment of uncharacterized genes that was based on homology searches, highlighting the need for more extensive biochemical studies into the substrate specificity of enzymes encoded by these non-characterized genes. 29169319 1 35 theme Aspergillus 90:100 arg1 genome 108:113 The Aspergillus niger genome 86:113 The Aspergillus niger genome 86:113 BACKGROUND The Aspergillus niger genome contains a large repertoire of genes encoding carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) that are targeted to plant polysaccharide degradation enabling A. niger to grow on a wide range of plant biomass substrates. 29169319 4 36 theme plant 735:739 arg1 enzymes 766:772 (putative) plant polysaccharide degrading enzymes 724:772 (putative) plant polysaccharide degrading enzymes 724:772 In this study, a broad transcriptional analysis was performed of the A. niger genes encoding (putative) plant polysaccharide degrading enzymes. 29169319 0 37 theme Expression-based 0:15 arg1 clustering 17:26 Expression-based clustering 0:26 Expression-based clustering of CAZyme-encoding genes of Aspergillus niger 0:72 Expression-based clustering of CAZyme-encoding genes of Aspergillus niger. 29169319 7 38 theme target 1300:1305 arg1 genes 1307:1311 Additional putative target genes 1280:1311 Additional putative target genes of the selected regulators 1280:1338 Additional putative target genes of the selected regulators were identified, based on their expression profile. 29169319 2 39 theme substrate 437:445 arg1 composition 408:418 the composition 404:418 the composition of the available substrate 404:445 Which genes need to be activated in certain environmental conditions depends on the composition of the available substrate. 29169319 4 40 theme degrading 756:764 arg1 enzymes 766:772 (putative) plant polysaccharide degrading enzymes 724:772 (putative) plant polysaccharide degrading enzymes 724:772 In this study, a broad transcriptional analysis was performed of the A. niger genes encoding (putative) plant polysaccharide degrading enzymes. 29169319 5 41 theme niger 830:834 arg1 response 815:822 the initial response 803:822 the initial response of A. niger to the presence of plant biomass related carbon sources 803:890 Microarray data focusing on the initial response of A. niger to the presence of plant biomass related carbon sources were analyzed of a wild-type strain N402 that was grown on a large range of carbon sources and of the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX that were grown on their specific inducing compounds. 29169319 10 42 from insight 2003:2009 arg1 systems 2037:2043 the complex regulatory systems 2014:2043 the complex regulatory systems that drive the conversion of plant biomass by fungi 2014:2095 CONCLUSIONS Expression profiling on a large number of substrates provides better insight in the complex regulatory systems that drive the conversion of plant biomass by fungi. 29169319 7 43 theme Additional 1280:1289 arg1 genes 1307:1311 Additional putative target genes 1280:1311 Additional putative target genes of the selected regulators 1280:1338 Additional putative target genes of the selected regulators were identified, based on their expression profile. 29169319 11 44 theme similarity-based 2177:2192 arg1 functions 2194:2202 the similarity-based functions 2173:2202 the similarity-based functions assigned to uncharacterized genes 2173:2236 In addition, the data provides additional evidence in favor of and against the similarity-based functions assigned to uncharacterized genes. 29169319 0 45 theme genes 47:51 arg1 clustering 17:26 Expression-based clustering 0:26 Expression-based clustering of CAZyme-encoding genes of Aspergillus niger 0:72 Expression-based clustering of CAZyme-encoding genes of Aspergillus niger. 29169319 1 46 theme plant 298:302 arg1 substrates 312:321 plant biomass substrates 298:321 plant biomass substrates 298:321 BACKGROUND The Aspergillus niger genome contains a large repertoire of genes encoding carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) that are targeted to plant polysaccharide degradation enabling A. niger to grow on a wide range of plant biomass substrates. 29169319 5 47 theme regulatory 994:1003 arg1 ΔxlnR 1020:1024 ΔxlnR 1020:1024 ΔxlnR 1020:1024 Microarray data focusing on the initial response of A. niger to the presence of plant biomass related carbon sources were analyzed of a wild-type strain N402 that was grown on a large range of carbon sources and of the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX that were grown on their specific inducing compounds. 29169319 5 47 theme regulatory 994:1003 arg1 ΔaraR 1027:1031 ΔaraR 1027:1031 ΔaraR 1027:1031 Microarray data focusing on the initial response of A. niger to the presence of plant biomass related carbon sources were analyzed of a wild-type strain N402 that was grown on a large range of carbon sources and of the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX that were grown on their specific inducing compounds. 29169319 5 47 theme regulatory 994:1003 arg1 ΔgalX 1051:1055 ΔgalX 1051:1055 ΔgalX 1051:1055 Microarray data focusing on the initial response of A. niger to the presence of plant biomass related carbon sources were analyzed of a wild-type strain N402 that was grown on a large range of carbon sources and of the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX that were grown on their specific inducing compounds. 29169319 5 47 theme regulatory 994:1003 arg1 ΔamyR 1034:1038 ΔamyR 1034:1038 ΔamyR 1034:1038 Microarray data focusing on the initial response of A. niger to the presence of plant biomass related carbon sources were analyzed of a wild-type strain N402 that was grown on a large range of carbon sources and of the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX that were grown on their specific inducing compounds. 29169319 5 47 theme regulatory 994:1003 arg1 strains 1012:1018 the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX 990:1055 the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX that were grown on their specific inducing compounds 990:1108 Microarray data focusing on the initial response of A. niger to the presence of plant biomass related carbon sources were analyzed of a wild-type strain N402 that was grown on a large range of carbon sources and of the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX that were grown on their specific inducing compounds. 29169319 5 47 theme regulatory 994:1003 arg1 ΔrhaR 1041:1045 ΔrhaR 1041:1045 ΔrhaR 1041:1045 Microarray data focusing on the initial response of A. niger to the presence of plant biomass related carbon sources were analyzed of a wild-type strain N402 that was grown on a large range of carbon sources and of the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX that were grown on their specific inducing compounds. 29169319 5 48 theme initial 807:813 arg1 response 815:822 the initial response 803:822 the initial response of A. niger to the presence of plant biomass related carbon sources 803:890 Microarray data focusing on the initial response of A. niger to the presence of plant biomass related carbon sources were analyzed of a wild-type strain N402 that was grown on a large range of carbon sources and of the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX that were grown on their specific inducing compounds. 29169319 1 49 theme substrates 312:321 arg1 range 289:293 a wide range 282:293 a wide range of plant biomass substrates 282:321 BACKGROUND The Aspergillus niger genome contains a large repertoire of genes encoding carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) that are targeted to plant polysaccharide degradation enabling A. niger to grow on a wide range of plant biomass substrates. 29169319 5 50 theme strains 1012:1018 arg1 range 959:963 a large range 951:963 a large range of carbon sources and of the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX that were grown on their specific inducing compounds 951:1108 Microarray data focusing on the initial response of A. niger to the presence of plant biomass related carbon sources were analyzed of a wild-type strain N402 that was grown on a large range of carbon sources and of the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX that were grown on their specific inducing compounds. 29169319 10 51 theme plant 2074:2078 arg1 biomass 2080:2086 plant biomass 2074:2086 plant biomass 2074:2086 CONCLUSIONS Expression profiling on a large number of substrates provides better insight in the complex regulatory systems that drive the conversion of plant biomass by fungi. 29169319 6 52 theme expression 1147:1156 arg1 data 1158:1161 the expression data 1143:1161 the expression data 1143:1161 RESULTS The cluster analysis of the expression data revealed several groups of co-regulated genes, which goes beyond the traditionally described co-regulated gene sets. 29169319 1 53 theme polysaccharide 226:239 arg1 degradation 241:251 plant polysaccharide degradation 220:251 plant polysaccharide degradation 220:251 BACKGROUND The Aspergillus niger genome contains a large repertoire of genes encoding carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) that are targeted to plant polysaccharide degradation enabling A. niger to grow on a wide range of plant biomass substrates. 29169319 5 54 theme sources 975:981 arg1 range 959:963 a large range 951:963 a large range of carbon sources and of the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX that were grown on their specific inducing compounds 951:1108 Microarray data focusing on the initial response of A. niger to the presence of plant biomass related carbon sources were analyzed of a wild-type strain N402 that was grown on a large range of carbon sources and of the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX that were grown on their specific inducing compounds. 29169319 9 55 theme complex 1856:1862 arg1 network 1883:1889 a therefore even more complex overall regulatory network 1834:1889 a therefore even more complex overall regulatory network than has been reported so far 1834:1919 The data also revealed sets of genes that were upregulated in the regulatory mutants, suggesting interaction between the regulatory systems and a therefore even more complex overall regulatory network than has been reported so far. 29169319 8 56 theme several 1404:1410 arg1 cases 1412:1416 several cases 1404:1416 several cases 1404:1416 Notably, in several cases the expression profile puts questions on the function assignment of uncharacterized genes that was based on homology searches, highlighting the need for more extensive biochemical studies into the substrate specificity of enzymes encoded by these non-characterized genes. 29169319 3 57 theme regulators 530:539 arg1 number 504:509 a number 502:509 a number of transcriptional regulators 502:539 Previous studies have demonstrated the involvement of a number of transcriptional regulators in plant biomass degradation and have identified sets of target genes for each regulator. 29169319 4 58 theme transcriptional 654:668 arg1 analysis 670:677 a broad transcriptional analysis 646:677 a broad transcriptional analysis 646:677 In this study, a broad transcriptional analysis was performed of the A. niger genes encoding (putative) plant polysaccharide degrading enzymes. 29169319 9 59 theme regulatory 1872:1881 arg1 network 1883:1889 a therefore even more complex overall regulatory network 1834:1889 a therefore even more complex overall regulatory network than has been reported so far 1834:1919 The data also revealed sets of genes that were upregulated in the regulatory mutants, suggesting interaction between the regulatory systems and a therefore even more complex overall regulatory network than has been reported so far. 29169319 8 60 theme biochemical 1586:1596 arg1 studies 1598:1604 more extensive biochemical studies 1571:1604 more extensive biochemical studies 1571:1604 Notably, in several cases the expression profile puts questions on the function assignment of uncharacterized genes that was based on homology searches, highlighting the need for more extensive biochemical studies into the substrate specificity of enzymes encoded by these non-characterized genes. 29169319 6 61 theme co-regulated 1256:1267 arg1 sets 1274:1277 the traditionally described co-regulated gene sets 1228:1277 the traditionally described co-regulated gene sets 1228:1277 RESULTS The cluster analysis of the expression data revealed several groups of co-regulated genes, which goes beyond the traditionally described co-regulated gene sets. 29169319 8 62 theme substrate 1615:1623 arg1 specificity 1625:1635 the substrate specificity 1611:1635 the substrate specificity of enzymes encoded by these non-characterized genes 1611:1687 Notably, in several cases the expression profile puts questions on the function assignment of uncharacterized genes that was based on homology searches, highlighting the need for more extensive biochemical studies into the substrate specificity of enzymes encoded by these non-characterized genes. 29169319 10 63 theme Expression 1934:1943 arg1 profiling 1945:1953 CONCLUSIONS Expression profiling 1922:1953 CONCLUSIONS Expression profiling on a large number of substrates 1922:1985 CONCLUSIONS Expression profiling on a large number of substrates provides better insight in the complex regulatory systems that drive the conversion of plant biomass by fungi. 29169319 3 64 theme plant 544:548 arg1 degradation 558:568 plant biomass degradation 544:568 plant biomass degradation 544:568 Previous studies have demonstrated the involvement of a number of transcriptional regulators in plant biomass degradation and have identified sets of target genes for each regulator. 29169319 5 65 theme plant 855:859 arg1 sources 884:890 plant biomass related carbon sources 855:890 plant biomass related carbon sources 855:890 Microarray data focusing on the initial response of A. niger to the presence of plant biomass related carbon sources were analyzed of a wild-type strain N402 that was grown on a large range of carbon sources and of the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX that were grown on their specific inducing compounds. 29169319 0 66 theme Aspergillus 56:66 arg1 niger 68:72 Aspergillus niger 56:72 Aspergillus niger 56:72 Expression-based clustering of CAZyme-encoding genes of Aspergillus niger. 29169319 6 67 theme cluster 1123:1129 arg1 analysis 1131:1138 The cluster analysis 1119:1138 The cluster analysis of the expression data 1119:1161 RESULTS The cluster analysis of the expression data revealed several groups of co-regulated genes, which goes beyond the traditionally described co-regulated gene sets. 29169319 5 68 dep strains 1012:1018 arg1 ΔxlnR 1020:1024 ΔxlnR 1020:1024 ΔxlnR 1020:1024 Microarray data focusing on the initial response of A. niger to the presence of plant biomass related carbon sources were analyzed of a wild-type strain N402 that was grown on a large range of carbon sources and of the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX that were grown on their specific inducing compounds. 29169319 5 68 dep strains 1012:1018 arg1 ΔaraR 1027:1031 ΔaraR 1027:1031 ΔaraR 1027:1031 Microarray data focusing on the initial response of A. niger to the presence of plant biomass related carbon sources were analyzed of a wild-type strain N402 that was grown on a large range of carbon sources and of the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX that were grown on their specific inducing compounds. 29169319 5 68 dep strains 1012:1018 arg1 ΔgalX 1051:1055 ΔgalX 1051:1055 ΔgalX 1051:1055 Microarray data focusing on the initial response of A. niger to the presence of plant biomass related carbon sources were analyzed of a wild-type strain N402 that was grown on a large range of carbon sources and of the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX that were grown on their specific inducing compounds. 29169319 5 68 dep strains 1012:1018 arg1 ΔamyR 1034:1038 ΔamyR 1034:1038 ΔamyR 1034:1038 Microarray data focusing on the initial response of A. niger to the presence of plant biomass related carbon sources were analyzed of a wild-type strain N402 that was grown on a large range of carbon sources and of the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX that were grown on their specific inducing compounds. 29169319 5 68 dep strains 1012:1018 arg1 strains 1012:1018 the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX 990:1055 the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX that were grown on their specific inducing compounds 990:1108 Microarray data focusing on the initial response of A. niger to the presence of plant biomass related carbon sources were analyzed of a wild-type strain N402 that was grown on a large range of carbon sources and of the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX that were grown on their specific inducing compounds. 29169319 5 68 dep strains 1012:1018 arg1 ΔrhaR 1041:1045 ΔrhaR 1041:1045 ΔrhaR 1041:1045 Microarray data focusing on the initial response of A. niger to the presence of plant biomass related carbon sources were analyzed of a wild-type strain N402 that was grown on a large range of carbon sources and of the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX that were grown on their specific inducing compounds. 29169319 5 69 theme related 869:875 arg1 sources 884:890 plant biomass related carbon sources 855:890 plant biomass related carbon sources 855:890 Microarray data focusing on the initial response of A. niger to the presence of plant biomass related carbon sources were analyzed of a wild-type strain N402 that was grown on a large range of carbon sources and of the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX that were grown on their specific inducing compounds. 29169319 6 70 dep RESULTS 1111:1117 arg1 revealed 1163:1170 revealed 1163:1170 revealed several groups of co-regulated genes, which goes beyond the traditionally described co-regulated gene sets 1163:1277 RESULTS The cluster analysis of the expression data revealed several groups of co-regulated genes, which goes beyond the traditionally described co-regulated gene sets. 29169319 10 71 theme large 1960:1964 arg1 number 1966:1971 a large number 1958:1971 a large number of substrates 1958:1985 CONCLUSIONS Expression profiling on a large number of substrates provides better insight in the complex regulatory systems that drive the conversion of plant biomass by fungi. 29169319 7 72 theme expression 1372:1381 arg1 profile 1383:1389 their expression profile 1366:1389 their expression profile 1366:1389 Additional putative target genes of the selected regulators were identified, based on their expression profile. 29169319 11 73 from evidence 2140:2147 arg1 favor 2152:2156 favor 2152:2156 favor 2152:2156 In addition, the data provides additional evidence in favor of and against the similarity-based functions assigned to uncharacterized genes. 29169319 6 74 theme co-regulated 1190:1201 arg1 genes 1203:1207 co-regulated genes 1190:1207 co-regulated genes 1190:1207 RESULTS The cluster analysis of the expression data revealed several groups of co-regulated genes, which goes beyond the traditionally described co-regulated gene sets. 29169319 1 75 contain contains 115:122 arg1 genome 108:113 The Aspergillus niger genome 86:113 The Aspergillus niger genome 86:113 BACKGROUND The Aspergillus niger genome contains a large repertoire of genes encoding carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) that are targeted to plant polysaccharide degradation enabling A. niger to grow on a wide range of plant biomass substrates. 29169319 1 75 contain contains 115:122 arg2 genes 146:150 genes 146:150 genes encoding carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) that are targeted to plant polysaccharide degradation enabling A. niger to grow on a wide range of plant biomass substrates 146:321 BACKGROUND The Aspergillus niger genome contains a large repertoire of genes encoding carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) that are targeted to plant polysaccharide degradation enabling A. niger to grow on a wide range of plant biomass substrates. 29169319 1 75 contain contains 115:122 arg2 repertoire 132:141 a large repertoire 124:141 a large repertoire of genes encoding carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) that are targeted to plant polysaccharide degradation enabling A. niger to grow on a wide range of plant biomass substrates 124:321 BACKGROUND The Aspergillus niger genome contains a large repertoire of genes encoding carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) that are targeted to plant polysaccharide degradation enabling A. niger to grow on a wide range of plant biomass substrates. 29169319 3 76 theme target 598:603 arg1 genes 605:609 target genes 598:609 target genes 598:609 Previous studies have demonstrated the involvement of a number of transcriptional regulators in plant biomass degradation and have identified sets of target genes for each regulator. 29169319 1 77 theme large 126:130 arg1 genes 146:150 genes 146:150 genes encoding carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) that are targeted to plant polysaccharide degradation enabling A. niger to grow on a wide range of plant biomass substrates 146:321 BACKGROUND The Aspergillus niger genome contains a large repertoire of genes encoding carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) that are targeted to plant polysaccharide degradation enabling A. niger to grow on a wide range of plant biomass substrates. 29169319 1 77 theme large 126:130 arg1 repertoire 132:141 a large repertoire 124:141 a large repertoire of genes encoding carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) that are targeted to plant polysaccharide degradation enabling A. niger to grow on a wide range of plant biomass substrates 124:321 BACKGROUND The Aspergillus niger genome contains a large repertoire of genes encoding carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) that are targeted to plant polysaccharide degradation enabling A. niger to grow on a wide range of plant biomass substrates. 29169319 5 78 theme strain 921:926 arg1 N402 928:931 a wild-type strain N402 909:931 a wild-type strain N402 that was grown on a large range of carbon sources and of the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX that were grown on their specific inducing compounds 909:1108 Microarray data focusing on the initial response of A. niger to the presence of plant biomass related carbon sources were analyzed of a wild-type strain N402 that was grown on a large range of carbon sources and of the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX that were grown on their specific inducing compounds. 29169319 1 79 dep BACKGROUND 75:84 arg1 contains 115:122 contains 115:122 contains a large repertoire of genes encoding carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) that are targeted to plant polysaccharide degradation enabling A. niger to grow on a wide range of plant biomass substrates 115:321 BACKGROUND The Aspergillus niger genome contains a large repertoire of genes encoding carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) that are targeted to plant polysaccharide degradation enabling A. niger to grow on a wide range of plant biomass substrates. 29169319 5 80 theme sources 884:890 arg1 presence 843:850 the presence 839:850 the presence of plant biomass related carbon sources 839:890 Microarray data focusing on the initial response of A. niger to the presence of plant biomass related carbon sources were analyzed of a wild-type strain N402 that was grown on a large range of carbon sources and of the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX that were grown on their specific inducing compounds. 29169319 7 81 theme selected 1320:1327 arg1 regulators 1329:1338 the selected regulators 1316:1338 the selected regulators 1316:1338 Additional putative target genes of the selected regulators were identified, based on their expression profile. 29169319 5 82 theme Microarray 775:784 arg1 data 786:789 Microarray data 775:789 Microarray data focusing on the initial response of A. niger to the presence of plant biomass related carbon sources 775:890 Microarray data focusing on the initial response of A. niger to the presence of plant biomass related carbon sources were analyzed of a wild-type strain N402 that was grown on a large range of carbon sources and of the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX that were grown on their specific inducing compounds. 29169319 1 83 theme active 174:179 arg1 CAZymes 190:196 CAZymes 190:196 CAZymes 190:196 BACKGROUND The Aspergillus niger genome contains a large repertoire of genes encoding carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) that are targeted to plant polysaccharide degradation enabling A. niger to grow on a wide range of plant biomass substrates. 29169319 1 83 theme active 174:179 arg1 enzymes 181:187 carbohydrate active enzymes 161:187 carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) that are targeted to plant polysaccharide degradation enabling A. niger to grow on a wide range of plant biomass substrates 161:321 BACKGROUND The Aspergillus niger genome contains a large repertoire of genes encoding carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) that are targeted to plant polysaccharide degradation enabling A. niger to grow on a wide range of plant biomass substrates. 29169319 8 84 theme uncharacterized 1486:1500 arg1 genes 1502:1506 uncharacterized genes 1486:1506 uncharacterized genes that was based on homology searches 1486:1542 Notably, in several cases the expression profile puts questions on the function assignment of uncharacterized genes that was based on homology searches, highlighting the need for more extensive biochemical studies into the substrate specificity of enzymes encoded by these non-characterized genes. 29169319 5 85 theme inducing 1091:1098 arg1 compounds 1100:1108 their specific inducing compounds 1076:1108 their specific inducing compounds 1076:1108 Microarray data focusing on the initial response of A. niger to the presence of plant biomass related carbon sources were analyzed of a wild-type strain N402 that was grown on a large range of carbon sources and of the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX that were grown on their specific inducing compounds. 29169319 10 86 theme regulatory 2026:2035 arg1 systems 2037:2043 the complex regulatory systems 2014:2043 the complex regulatory systems that drive the conversion of plant biomass by fungi 2014:2095 CONCLUSIONS Expression profiling on a large number of substrates provides better insight in the complex regulatory systems that drive the conversion of plant biomass by fungi. 29169319 8 87 from questions 1446:1454 arg1 assignment 1472:1481 the function assignment 1459:1481 the function assignment of uncharacterized genes that was based on homology searches 1459:1542 Notably, in several cases the expression profile puts questions on the function assignment of uncharacterized genes that was based on homology searches, highlighting the need for more extensive biochemical studies into the substrate specificity of enzymes encoded by these non-characterized genes. 29169319 3 88 theme Previous 448:455 arg1 studies 457:463 Previous studies 448:463 Previous studies 448:463 Previous studies have demonstrated the involvement of a number of transcriptional regulators in plant biomass degradation and have identified sets of target genes for each regulator. 29169319 1 89 theme niger 102:106 arg1 genome 108:113 The Aspergillus niger genome 86:113 The Aspergillus niger genome 86:113 BACKGROUND The Aspergillus niger genome contains a large repertoire of genes encoding carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) that are targeted to plant polysaccharide degradation enabling A. niger to grow on a wide range of plant biomass substrates. 29169319 7 90 theme putative 1291:1298 arg1 genes 1307:1311 Additional putative target genes 1280:1311 Additional putative target genes of the selected regulators 1280:1338 Additional putative target genes of the selected regulators were identified, based on their expression profile. 29169319 8 91 theme homology 1526:1533 arg1 searches 1535:1542 homology searches 1526:1542 homology searches 1526:1542 Notably, in several cases the expression profile puts questions on the function assignment of uncharacterized genes that was based on homology searches, highlighting the need for more extensive biochemical studies into the substrate specificity of enzymes encoded by these non-characterized genes. 29169319 2 92 theme environmental 368:380 arg1 conditions 382:391 certain environmental conditions 360:391 certain environmental conditions 360:391 Which genes need to be activated in certain environmental conditions depends on the composition of the available substrate. 29169319 0 93 theme CAZyme-encoding 31:45 arg1 genes 47:51 CAZyme-encoding genes 31:51 CAZyme-encoding genes of Aspergillus niger 31:72 Expression-based clustering of CAZyme-encoding genes of Aspergillus niger. 29169319 1 94 theme wide 284:287 arg1 range 289:293 a wide range 282:293 a wide range of plant biomass substrates 282:321 BACKGROUND The Aspergillus niger genome contains a large repertoire of genes encoding carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) that are targeted to plant polysaccharide degradation enabling A. niger to grow on a wide range of plant biomass substrates. 29169319 9 95 dep network 1883:1889 arg1 reported 1905:1912 reported 1905:1912 has been reported so far 1896:1919 The data also revealed sets of genes that were upregulated in the regulatory mutants, suggesting interaction between the regulatory systems and a therefore even more complex overall regulatory network than has been reported so far. 29169319 2 96 theme available 427:435 arg1 substrate 437:445 the available substrate 423:445 the available substrate 423:445 Which genes need to be activated in certain environmental conditions depends on the composition of the available substrate. 29169319 4 97 theme polysaccharide 741:754 arg1 enzymes 766:772 (putative) plant polysaccharide degrading enzymes 724:772 (putative) plant polysaccharide degrading enzymes 724:772 In this study, a broad transcriptional analysis was performed of the A. niger genes encoding (putative) plant polysaccharide degrading enzymes. 29169319 2 98 theme certain 360:366 arg1 conditions 382:391 certain environmental conditions 360:391 certain environmental conditions 360:391 Which genes need to be activated in certain environmental conditions depends on the composition of the available substrate. 29169319 0 99 theme niger 68:72 arg1 genes 47:51 CAZyme-encoding genes 31:51 CAZyme-encoding genes of Aspergillus niger 31:72 Expression-based clustering of CAZyme-encoding genes of Aspergillus niger. 29169319 1 100 theme biomass 304:310 arg1 substrates 312:321 plant biomass substrates 298:321 plant biomass substrates 298:321 BACKGROUND The Aspergillus niger genome contains a large repertoire of genes encoding carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) that are targeted to plant polysaccharide degradation enabling A. niger to grow on a wide range of plant biomass substrates. 29169319 5 101 theme mutant 1005:1010 arg1 ΔxlnR 1020:1024 ΔxlnR 1020:1024 ΔxlnR 1020:1024 Microarray data focusing on the initial response of A. niger to the presence of plant biomass related carbon sources were analyzed of a wild-type strain N402 that was grown on a large range of carbon sources and of the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX that were grown on their specific inducing compounds. 29169319 5 101 theme mutant 1005:1010 arg1 ΔaraR 1027:1031 ΔaraR 1027:1031 ΔaraR 1027:1031 Microarray data focusing on the initial response of A. niger to the presence of plant biomass related carbon sources were analyzed of a wild-type strain N402 that was grown on a large range of carbon sources and of the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX that were grown on their specific inducing compounds. 29169319 5 101 theme mutant 1005:1010 arg1 ΔgalX 1051:1055 ΔgalX 1051:1055 ΔgalX 1051:1055 Microarray data focusing on the initial response of A. niger to the presence of plant biomass related carbon sources were analyzed of a wild-type strain N402 that was grown on a large range of carbon sources and of the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX that were grown on their specific inducing compounds. 29169319 5 101 theme mutant 1005:1010 arg1 ΔamyR 1034:1038 ΔamyR 1034:1038 ΔamyR 1034:1038 Microarray data focusing on the initial response of A. niger to the presence of plant biomass related carbon sources were analyzed of a wild-type strain N402 that was grown on a large range of carbon sources and of the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX that were grown on their specific inducing compounds. 29169319 5 101 theme mutant 1005:1010 arg1 strains 1012:1018 the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX 990:1055 the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX that were grown on their specific inducing compounds 990:1108 Microarray data focusing on the initial response of A. niger to the presence of plant biomass related carbon sources were analyzed of a wild-type strain N402 that was grown on a large range of carbon sources and of the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX that were grown on their specific inducing compounds. 29169319 5 101 theme mutant 1005:1010 arg1 ΔrhaR 1041:1045 ΔrhaR 1041:1045 ΔrhaR 1041:1045 Microarray data focusing on the initial response of A. niger to the presence of plant biomass related carbon sources were analyzed of a wild-type strain N402 that was grown on a large range of carbon sources and of the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX that were grown on their specific inducing compounds. 29169319 3 102 theme number 504:509 arg1 involvement 487:497 the involvement 483:497 the involvement of a number of transcriptional regulators in plant biomass degradation 483:568 Previous studies have demonstrated the involvement of a number of transcriptional regulators in plant biomass degradation and have identified sets of target genes for each regulator. 29169319 8 103 theme enzymes 1640:1646 arg1 specificity 1625:1635 the substrate specificity 1611:1635 the substrate specificity of enzymes encoded by these non-characterized genes 1611:1687 Notably, in several cases the expression profile puts questions on the function assignment of uncharacterized genes that was based on homology searches, highlighting the need for more extensive biochemical studies into the substrate specificity of enzymes encoded by these non-characterized genes. 29169319 5 104 theme carbon 968:973 arg1 sources 975:981 carbon sources 968:981 carbon sources 968:981 Microarray data focusing on the initial response of A. niger to the presence of plant biomass related carbon sources were analyzed of a wild-type strain N402 that was grown on a large range of carbon sources and of the regulatory mutant strains ΔxlnR, ΔaraR, ΔamyR, ΔrhaR and ΔgalX that were grown on their specific inducing compounds. 29169319 8 105 theme extensive 1576:1584 arg1 studies 1598:1604 more extensive biochemical studies 1571:1604 more extensive biochemical studies 1571:1604 Notably, in several cases the expression profile puts questions on the function assignment of uncharacterized genes that was based on homology searches, highlighting the need for more extensive biochemical studies into the substrate specificity of enzymes encoded by these non-characterized genes. 29169319 9 106 theme overall 1864:1870 arg1 network 1883:1889 a therefore even more complex overall regulatory network 1834:1889 a therefore even more complex overall regulatory network than has been reported so far 1834:1919 The data also revealed sets of genes that were upregulated in the regulatory mutants, suggesting interaction between the regulatory systems and a therefore even more complex overall regulatory network than has been reported so far. 29169319 8 107 theme non-characterized 1665:1681 arg1 genes 1683:1687 these non-characterized genes 1659:1687 these non-characterized genes 1659:1687 Notably, in several cases the expression profile puts questions on the function assignment of uncharacterized genes that was based on homology searches, highlighting the need for more extensive biochemical studies into the substrate specificity of enzymes encoded by these non-characterized genes. 26017847 0 0 theme Derivative 77:86 arg1 Structure 31:39 Segregated Structure 20:39 Segregated Structure of Poly(dimethylsiloxane)/Cellulose Derivative 20:86 From Homogeneous to Segregated Structure of Poly(dimethylsiloxane)/Cellulose Derivative Mixed Langmuir Films Depending on Composition: An in Situ Neutron Reflectivity Study. 26017847 3 1 theme lower 664:668 arg1 fractions 652:660 PDMSd volume fractions 639:660 PDMSd volume fractions Φ lower than 0.6 639:677 At PDMSd volume fractions Φ lower than 0.6, the mixed film is a homogeneous monolayer throughout the film compression, in agreement with the monophasic film observed by BAM and the attractive interactions between PDMSd and CAB evidenced from the isotherm measurements. 26017847 5 2 from air 1141:1143 arg1 contact 1170:1176 contact 1170:1176 contact with the subphase 1170:1194 Indeed, whatever the surface pressure, a bilayer structure is observed with a PDMSd layer in contact with the air over a thin CAB layer in contact with the subphase. 26017847 0 3 dep Composition 122:132 arg1 Study 167:171 An in Situ Neutron Reflectivity Study 135:171 Composition: An in Situ Neutron Reflectivity Study 122:171 From Homogeneous to Segregated Structure of Poly(dimethylsiloxane)/Cellulose Derivative Mixed Langmuir Films Depending on Composition: An in Situ Neutron Reflectivity Study. 26017847 4 4 theme segregated 976:985 arg1 structure 987:995 a vertically segregated structure 963:995 a vertically segregated structure of the mixed film 963:1013 In contrast, at PDMSd volume fractions Φ higher than 0.6, a vertically segregated structure of the mixed film is highlighted. 26017847 1 5 theme cellulose 241:249 arg1 CAB 269:271 CAB 269:271 CAB 269:271 The mixing behavior of deuterated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMSd) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) spread as Langmuir films at the air-water interface was studied by means of surface pressure-area isotherms, Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) observations, and in situ neutron reflectivity. 26017847 1 5 theme cellulose 241:249 arg1 butyrate 259:266 cellulose acetate butyrate 241:266 cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) 241:272 The mixing behavior of deuterated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMSd) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) spread as Langmuir films at the air-water interface was studied by means of surface pressure-area isotherms, Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) observations, and in situ neutron reflectivity. 26017847 0 6 theme /Cellulose 66:75 arg1 Derivative 77:86 Poly(dimethylsiloxane)/Cellulose Derivative 44:86 Poly(dimethylsiloxane)/Cellulose Derivative 44:86 From Homogeneous to Segregated Structure of Poly(dimethylsiloxane)/Cellulose Derivative Mixed Langmuir Films Depending on Composition: An in Situ Neutron Reflectivity Study. 26017847 3 7 theme volume 645:650 arg1 fractions 652:660 PDMSd volume fractions 639:660 PDMSd volume fractions Φ lower than 0.6 639:677 At PDMSd volume fractions Φ lower than 0.6, the mixed film is a homogeneous monolayer throughout the film compression, in agreement with the monophasic film observed by BAM and the attractive interactions between PDMSd and CAB evidenced from the isotherm measurements. 26017847 3 8 from monolayer 712:720 arg1 agreement 758:766 agreement 758:766 agreement with the monophasic film observed by BAM and the attractive interactions between PDMSd and CAB evidenced from the isotherm measurements 758:902 At PDMSd volume fractions Φ lower than 0.6, the mixed film is a homogeneous monolayer throughout the film compression, in agreement with the monophasic film observed by BAM and the attractive interactions between PDMSd and CAB evidenced from the isotherm measurements. 26017847 1 9 dep in 433:434 arg1 situ 436:439 situ 436:439 situ 436:439 The mixing behavior of deuterated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMSd) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) spread as Langmuir films at the air-water interface was studied by means of surface pressure-area isotherms, Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) observations, and in situ neutron reflectivity. 26017847 1 10 theme acetate 251:257 arg1 CAB 269:271 CAB 269:271 CAB 269:271 The mixing behavior of deuterated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMSd) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) spread as Langmuir films at the air-water interface was studied by means of surface pressure-area isotherms, Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) observations, and in situ neutron reflectivity. 26017847 1 10 theme acetate 251:257 arg1 butyrate 259:266 cellulose acetate butyrate 241:266 cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) 241:272 The mixing behavior of deuterated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMSd) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) spread as Langmuir films at the air-water interface was studied by means of surface pressure-area isotherms, Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) observations, and in situ neutron reflectivity. 26017847 0 11 theme Langmuir 94:101 arg1 Films 103:107 Homogeneous to Segregated Structure of Poly(dimethylsiloxane)/Cellulose Derivative Mixed Langmuir Films 5:107 Homogeneous to Segregated Structure of Poly(dimethylsiloxane)/Cellulose Derivative Mixed Langmuir Films 5:107 From Homogeneous to Segregated Structure of Poly(dimethylsiloxane)/Cellulose Derivative Mixed Langmuir Films Depending on Composition: An in Situ Neutron Reflectivity Study. 26017847 5 12 theme CAB 1157:1159 arg1 layer 1161:1165 a thin CAB layer 1150:1165 a thin CAB layer 1150:1165 Indeed, whatever the surface pressure, a bilayer structure is observed with a PDMSd layer in contact with the air over a thin CAB layer in contact with the subphase. 26017847 1 13 theme butyrate 259:266 arg1 behavior 185:192 The mixing behavior 174:192 The mixing behavior of deuterated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMSd) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) spread as Langmuir films at the air-water interface 174:324 The mixing behavior of deuterated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMSd) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) spread as Langmuir films at the air-water interface was studied by means of surface pressure-area isotherms, Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) observations, and in situ neutron reflectivity. 26017847 0 14 theme Mixed 88:92 arg1 Films 103:107 Homogeneous to Segregated Structure of Poly(dimethylsiloxane)/Cellulose Derivative Mixed Langmuir Films 5:107 Homogeneous to Segregated Structure of Poly(dimethylsiloxane)/Cellulose Derivative Mixed Langmuir Films 5:107 From Homogeneous to Segregated Structure of Poly(dimethylsiloxane)/Cellulose Derivative Mixed Langmuir Films Depending on Composition: An in Situ Neutron Reflectivity Study. 26017847 2 15 theme mixed 609:613 arg1 film 615:618 PDMSd/CAB mixed film 599:618 PDMSd/CAB mixed film 599:618 The contrast variation method was used with different D2O/H2O mixtures as subphase, allowing contrast matching to either CAB, PDMSd, or PDMSd/CAB mixed film if homogeneous. 26017847 2 15 theme mixed 609:613 arg1 method 486:491 The contrast variation method 463:491 The contrast variation method 463:491 The contrast variation method was used with different D2O/H2O mixtures as subphase, allowing contrast matching to either CAB, PDMSd, or PDMSd/CAB mixed film if homogeneous. 26017847 4 16 theme higher 946:951 arg1 fractions 934:942 PDMSd volume fractions 921:942 PDMSd volume fractions Φ higher than 0.6 921:960 In contrast, at PDMSd volume fractions Φ higher than 0.6, a vertically segregated structure of the mixed film is highlighted. 26017847 6 17 theme film 1242:1245 arg1 structure 1225:1233 the structure 1221:1233 the structure of the film 1221:1245 These results show that the structure of the film is mainly driven by the PDMSd volume fraction which allows obtaining either a homogeneous membrane which composition can be tuned or a vertically segregated system. 26017847 2 18 theme PDMSd/CAB 599:607 arg1 film 615:618 PDMSd/CAB mixed film 599:618 PDMSd/CAB mixed film 599:618 The contrast variation method was used with different D2O/H2O mixtures as subphase, allowing contrast matching to either CAB, PDMSd, or PDMSd/CAB mixed film if homogeneous. 26017847 2 18 theme PDMSd/CAB 599:607 arg1 method 486:491 The contrast variation method 463:491 The contrast variation method 463:491 The contrast variation method was used with different D2O/H2O mixtures as subphase, allowing contrast matching to either CAB, PDMSd, or PDMSd/CAB mixed film if homogeneous. 26017847 1 19 from interface 316:324 arg1 films 293:297 Langmuir films 284:297 Langmuir films at the air-water interface 284:324 The mixing behavior of deuterated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMSd) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) spread as Langmuir films at the air-water interface was studied by means of surface pressure-area isotherms, Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) observations, and in situ neutron reflectivity. 26017847 5 20 with contact 1170:1176 arg1 subphase 1187:1194 the subphase 1183:1194 the subphase 1183:1194 Indeed, whatever the surface pressure, a bilayer structure is observed with a PDMSd layer in contact with the air over a thin CAB layer in contact with the subphase. 26017847 5 21 theme surface 1052:1058 arg1 pressure 1060:1067 the surface pressure 1048:1067 the surface pressure 1048:1067 Indeed, whatever the surface pressure, a bilayer structure is observed with a PDMSd layer in contact with the air over a thin CAB layer in contact with the subphase. 26017847 1 22 theme in 433:434 arg1 reflectivity 449:460 in situ neutron reflectivity 433:460 in situ neutron reflectivity 433:460 The mixing behavior of deuterated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMSd) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) spread as Langmuir films at the air-water interface was studied by means of surface pressure-area isotherms, Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) observations, and in situ neutron reflectivity. 26017847 7 23 theme surface 1474:1480 arg1 pressure 1482:1489 the surface pressure 1470:1489 the surface pressure 1470:1489 In contrast, only the thickness of the layers varies with the surface pressure while the structure of the film is not affected. 26017847 0 24 theme Homogeneous 5:15 arg1 Films 103:107 Homogeneous to Segregated Structure of Poly(dimethylsiloxane)/Cellulose Derivative Mixed Langmuir Films 5:107 Homogeneous to Segregated Structure of Poly(dimethylsiloxane)/Cellulose Derivative Mixed Langmuir Films 5:107 From Homogeneous to Segregated Structure of Poly(dimethylsiloxane)/Cellulose Derivative Mixed Langmuir Films Depending on Composition: An in Situ Neutron Reflectivity Study. 26017847 1 25 theme surface 350:356 arg1 isotherms 372:380 surface pressure-area isotherms 350:380 surface pressure-area isotherms 350:380 The mixing behavior of deuterated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMSd) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) spread as Langmuir films at the air-water interface was studied by means of surface pressure-area isotherms, Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) observations, and in situ neutron reflectivity. 26017847 3 26 theme monophasic 777:786 arg1 film 788:791 the monophasic film 773:791 the monophasic film observed by BAM and the attractive interactions between PDMSd and CAB evidenced from the isotherm measurements 773:902 At PDMSd volume fractions Φ lower than 0.6, the mixed film is a homogeneous monolayer throughout the film compression, in agreement with the monophasic film observed by BAM and the attractive interactions between PDMSd and CAB evidenced from the isotherm measurements. 26017847 6 27 theme PDMSd 1271:1275 arg1 fraction 1284:1291 the PDMSd volume fraction 1267:1291 the PDMSd volume fraction which allows obtaining either a homogeneous membrane which composition can be tuned or a vertically segregated system 1267:1409 These results show that the structure of the film is mainly driven by the PDMSd volume fraction which allows obtaining either a homogeneous membrane which composition can be tuned or a vertically segregated system. 26017847 5 28 from layer 1115:1119 arg1 contact 1124:1130 contact 1124:1130 contact with the air over a thin CAB layer in contact with the subphase 1124:1194 Indeed, whatever the surface pressure, a bilayer structure is observed with a PDMSd layer in contact with the air over a thin CAB layer in contact with the subphase. 26017847 5 29 dep pressure 1060:1067 arg1 whatever 1039:1046 whatever 1039:1046 whatever 1039:1046 Indeed, whatever the surface pressure, a bilayer structure is observed with a PDMSd layer in contact with the air over a thin CAB layer in contact with the subphase. 26017847 1 30 theme neutron 441:447 arg1 reflectivity 449:460 in situ neutron reflectivity 433:460 in situ neutron reflectivity 433:460 The mixing behavior of deuterated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMSd) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) spread as Langmuir films at the air-water interface was studied by means of surface pressure-area isotherms, Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) observations, and in situ neutron reflectivity. 26017847 1 31 theme mixing 178:183 arg1 behavior 185:192 The mixing behavior 174:192 The mixing behavior of deuterated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMSd) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) spread as Langmuir films at the air-water interface 174:324 The mixing behavior of deuterated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMSd) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) spread as Langmuir films at the air-water interface was studied by means of surface pressure-area isotherms, Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) observations, and in situ neutron reflectivity. 26017847 0 32 theme Segregated 20:29 arg1 Structure 31:39 Segregated Structure 20:39 Segregated Structure of Poly(dimethylsiloxane)/Cellulose Derivative 20:86 From Homogeneous to Segregated Structure of Poly(dimethylsiloxane)/Cellulose Derivative Mixed Langmuir Films Depending on Composition: An in Situ Neutron Reflectivity Study. 26017847 7 33 theme film 1518:1521 arg1 structure 1501:1509 the structure 1497:1509 the structure of the film 1497:1521 In contrast, only the thickness of the layers varies with the surface pressure while the structure of the film is not affected. 26017847 3 34 theme isotherm 882:889 arg1 measurements 891:902 the isotherm measurements 878:902 the isotherm measurements 878:902 At PDMSd volume fractions Φ lower than 0.6, the mixed film is a homogeneous monolayer throughout the film compression, in agreement with the monophasic film observed by BAM and the attractive interactions between PDMSd and CAB evidenced from the isotherm measurements. 26017847 4 35 theme volume 927:932 arg1 fractions 934:942 PDMSd volume fractions 921:942 PDMSd volume fractions Φ higher than 0.6 921:960 In contrast, at PDMSd volume fractions Φ higher than 0.6, a vertically segregated structure of the mixed film is highlighted. 26017847 6 36 theme homogeneous 1325:1335 arg1 membrane 1337:1344 a homogeneous membrane 1323:1344 a homogeneous membrane which composition can be tuned 1323:1375 These results show that the structure of the film is mainly driven by the PDMSd volume fraction which allows obtaining either a homogeneous membrane which composition can be tuned or a vertically segregated system. 26017847 3 37 theme mixed 684:688 arg1 monolayer 712:720 a homogeneous monolayer 698:720 a homogeneous monolayer 698:720 At PDMSd volume fractions Φ lower than 0.6, the mixed film is a homogeneous monolayer throughout the film compression, in agreement with the monophasic film observed by BAM and the attractive interactions between PDMSd and CAB evidenced from the isotherm measurements. 26017847 3 37 theme mixed 684:688 arg1 film 690:693 the mixed film 680:693 the mixed film 680:693 At PDMSd volume fractions Φ lower than 0.6, the mixed film is a homogeneous monolayer throughout the film compression, in agreement with the monophasic film observed by BAM and the attractive interactions between PDMSd and CAB evidenced from the isotherm measurements. 26017847 1 38 theme pressure-area 358:370 arg1 isotherms 372:380 surface pressure-area isotherms 350:380 surface pressure-area isotherms 350:380 The mixing behavior of deuterated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMSd) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) spread as Langmuir films at the air-water interface was studied by means of surface pressure-area isotherms, Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) observations, and in situ neutron reflectivity. 26017847 6 39 theme segregated 1393:1402 arg1 system 1404:1409 a vertically segregated system 1380:1409 a vertically segregated system 1380:1409 These results show that the structure of the film is mainly driven by the PDMSd volume fraction which allows obtaining either a homogeneous membrane which composition can be tuned or a vertically segregated system. 26017847 5 40 theme PDMSd 1109:1113 arg1 layer 1115:1119 a PDMSd layer 1107:1119 a PDMSd layer in contact with the air over a thin CAB layer in contact with the subphase 1107:1194 Indeed, whatever the surface pressure, a bilayer structure is observed with a PDMSd layer in contact with the air over a thin CAB layer in contact with the subphase. 26017847 2 41 theme D2O/H2O 517:523 arg1 mixtures 525:532 different D2O/H2O mixtures 507:532 different D2O/H2O mixtures 507:532 The contrast variation method was used with different D2O/H2O mixtures as subphase, allowing contrast matching to either CAB, PDMSd, or PDMSd/CAB mixed film if homogeneous. 26017847 2 42 dep if 620:621 arg1 homogeneous 623:633 homogeneous 623:633 homogeneous 623:633 The contrast variation method was used with different D2O/H2O mixtures as subphase, allowing contrast matching to either CAB, PDMSd, or PDMSd/CAB mixed film if homogeneous. 26017847 1 43 theme deuterated 197:206 arg1 PDMSd 230:234 PDMSd 230:234 PDMSd 230:234 The mixing behavior of deuterated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMSd) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) spread as Langmuir films at the air-water interface was studied by means of surface pressure-area isotherms, Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) observations, and in situ neutron reflectivity. 26017847 1 43 theme deuterated 197:206 arg1 polydimethylsiloxane 208:227 deuterated polydimethylsiloxane 197:227 deuterated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMSd) 197:235 The mixing behavior of deuterated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMSd) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) spread as Langmuir films at the air-water interface was studied by means of surface pressure-area isotherms, Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) observations, and in situ neutron reflectivity. 26017847 3 44 from fractions 652:660 arg1 monolayer 712:720 a homogeneous monolayer 698:720 a homogeneous monolayer 698:720 At PDMSd volume fractions Φ lower than 0.6, the mixed film is a homogeneous monolayer throughout the film compression, in agreement with the monophasic film observed by BAM and the attractive interactions between PDMSd and CAB evidenced from the isotherm measurements. 26017847 3 44 from fractions 652:660 arg1 film 690:693 the mixed film 680:693 the mixed film 680:693 At PDMSd volume fractions Φ lower than 0.6, the mixed film is a homogeneous monolayer throughout the film compression, in agreement with the monophasic film observed by BAM and the attractive interactions between PDMSd and CAB evidenced from the isotherm measurements. 26017847 1 45 theme Langmuir 284:291 arg1 films 293:297 Langmuir films 284:297 Langmuir films at the air-water interface 284:324 The mixing behavior of deuterated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMSd) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) spread as Langmuir films at the air-water interface was studied by means of surface pressure-area isotherms, Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) observations, and in situ neutron reflectivity. 26017847 2 46 theme different 507:515 arg1 mixtures 525:532 different D2O/H2O mixtures 507:532 different D2O/H2O mixtures 507:532 The contrast variation method was used with different D2O/H2O mixtures as subphase, allowing contrast matching to either CAB, PDMSd, or PDMSd/CAB mixed film if homogeneous. 26017847 2 47 used used 497:500 arg2 subphase 537:544 subphase 537:544 subphase 537:544 The contrast variation method was used with different D2O/H2O mixtures as subphase, allowing contrast matching to either CAB, PDMSd, or PDMSd/CAB mixed film if homogeneous. 26017847 2 47 used used 497:500 arg2 PDMSd 589:593 PDMSd 589:593 PDMSd 589:593 The contrast variation method was used with different D2O/H2O mixtures as subphase, allowing contrast matching to either CAB, PDMSd, or PDMSd/CAB mixed film if homogeneous. 26017847 2 47 used used 497:500 arg2 method 486:491 The contrast variation method 463:491 The contrast variation method 463:491 The contrast variation method was used with different D2O/H2O mixtures as subphase, allowing contrast matching to either CAB, PDMSd, or PDMSd/CAB mixed film if homogeneous. 26017847 2 47 used used 497:500 arg2 film 615:618 PDMSd/CAB mixed film 599:618 PDMSd/CAB mixed film 599:618 The contrast variation method was used with different D2O/H2O mixtures as subphase, allowing contrast matching to either CAB, PDMSd, or PDMSd/CAB mixed film if homogeneous. 26017847 7 48 theme layers 1451:1456 arg1 thickness 1434:1442 only the thickness 1425:1442 only the thickness of the layers 1425:1456 In contrast, only the thickness of the layers varies with the surface pressure while the structure of the film is not affected. 26017847 3 49 with agreement 758:766 arg1 film 788:791 the monophasic film 773:791 the monophasic film observed by BAM and the attractive interactions between PDMSd and CAB evidenced from the isotherm measurements 773:902 At PDMSd volume fractions Φ lower than 0.6, the mixed film is a homogeneous monolayer throughout the film compression, in agreement with the monophasic film observed by BAM and the attractive interactions between PDMSd and CAB evidenced from the isotherm measurements. 26017847 1 50 theme polydimethylsiloxane 208:227 arg1 behavior 185:192 The mixing behavior 174:192 The mixing behavior of deuterated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMSd) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) spread as Langmuir films at the air-water interface 174:324 The mixing behavior of deuterated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMSd) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) spread as Langmuir films at the air-water interface was studied by means of surface pressure-area isotherms, Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) observations, and in situ neutron reflectivity. 26017847 5 51 theme bilayer 1072:1078 arg1 structure 1080:1088 a bilayer structure 1070:1088 a bilayer structure 1070:1088 Indeed, whatever the surface pressure, a bilayer structure is observed with a PDMSd layer in contact with the air over a thin CAB layer in contact with the subphase. 26017847 1 52 theme Brewster 383:390 arg1 observations 415:426 Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) observations 383:426 Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) observations 383:426 The mixing behavior of deuterated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMSd) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) spread as Langmuir films at the air-water interface was studied by means of surface pressure-area isotherms, Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) observations, and in situ neutron reflectivity. 26017847 0 53 theme Poly 44:47 arg1 Derivative 77:86 Poly(dimethylsiloxane)/Cellulose Derivative 44:86 Poly(dimethylsiloxane)/Cellulose Derivative 44:86 From Homogeneous to Segregated Structure of Poly(dimethylsiloxane)/Cellulose Derivative Mixed Langmuir Films Depending on Composition: An in Situ Neutron Reflectivity Study. 26017847 3 54 theme homogeneous 700:710 arg1 monolayer 712:720 a homogeneous monolayer 698:720 a homogeneous monolayer 698:720 At PDMSd volume fractions Φ lower than 0.6, the mixed film is a homogeneous monolayer throughout the film compression, in agreement with the monophasic film observed by BAM and the attractive interactions between PDMSd and CAB evidenced from the isotherm measurements. 26017847 3 54 theme homogeneous 700:710 arg1 film 690:693 the mixed film 680:693 the mixed film 680:693 At PDMSd volume fractions Φ lower than 0.6, the mixed film is a homogeneous monolayer throughout the film compression, in agreement with the monophasic film observed by BAM and the attractive interactions between PDMSd and CAB evidenced from the isotherm measurements. 26017847 0 55 theme in 138:139 arg1 Study 167:171 An in Situ Neutron Reflectivity Study 135:171 Composition: An in Situ Neutron Reflectivity Study 122:171 From Homogeneous to Segregated Structure of Poly(dimethylsiloxane)/Cellulose Derivative Mixed Langmuir Films Depending on Composition: An in Situ Neutron Reflectivity Study. 26017847 1 56 theme angle 392:396 arg1 observations 415:426 Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) observations 383:426 Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) observations 383:426 The mixing behavior of deuterated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMSd) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) spread as Langmuir films at the air-water interface was studied by means of surface pressure-area isotherms, Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) observations, and in situ neutron reflectivity. 26017847 3 57 theme PDMSd 639:643 arg1 fractions 652:660 PDMSd volume fractions 639:660 PDMSd volume fractions Φ lower than 0.6 639:677 At PDMSd volume fractions Φ lower than 0.6, the mixed film is a homogeneous monolayer throughout the film compression, in agreement with the monophasic film observed by BAM and the attractive interactions between PDMSd and CAB evidenced from the isotherm measurements. 26017847 4 58 theme film 1010:1013 arg1 structure 987:995 a vertically segregated structure 963:995 a vertically segregated structure of the mixed film 963:1013 In contrast, at PDMSd volume fractions Φ higher than 0.6, a vertically segregated structure of the mixed film is highlighted. 26017847 0 59 theme Reflectivity 154:165 arg1 Study 167:171 An in Situ Neutron Reflectivity Study 135:171 Composition: An in Situ Neutron Reflectivity Study 122:171 From Homogeneous to Segregated Structure of Poly(dimethylsiloxane)/Cellulose Derivative Mixed Langmuir Films Depending on Composition: An in Situ Neutron Reflectivity Study. 26017847 1 60 theme microscopy 398:407 arg1 observations 415:426 Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) observations 383:426 Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) observations 383:426 The mixing behavior of deuterated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMSd) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) spread as Langmuir films at the air-water interface was studied by means of surface pressure-area isotherms, Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) observations, and in situ neutron reflectivity. 26017847 4 61 theme mixed 1004:1008 arg1 film 1010:1013 the mixed film 1000:1013 the mixed film 1000:1013 In contrast, at PDMSd volume fractions Φ higher than 0.6, a vertically segregated structure of the mixed film is highlighted. 26017847 4 62 theme PDMSd 921:925 arg1 fractions 934:942 PDMSd volume fractions 921:942 PDMSd volume fractions Φ higher than 0.6 921:960 In contrast, at PDMSd volume fractions Φ higher than 0.6, a vertically segregated structure of the mixed film is highlighted. 26017847 0 63 theme Neutron 146:152 arg1 Study 167:171 An in Situ Neutron Reflectivity Study 135:171 Composition: An in Situ Neutron Reflectivity Study 122:171 From Homogeneous to Segregated Structure of Poly(dimethylsiloxane)/Cellulose Derivative Mixed Langmuir Films Depending on Composition: An in Situ Neutron Reflectivity Study. 26017847 5 64 with contact 1124:1130 arg1 air 1141:1143 the air 1137:1143 the air over a thin CAB layer in contact with the subphase 1137:1194 Indeed, whatever the surface pressure, a bilayer structure is observed with a PDMSd layer in contact with the air over a thin CAB layer in contact with the subphase. 26017847 0 65 dep in 138:139 arg1 Situ 141:144 Situ 141:144 Situ 141:144 From Homogeneous to Segregated Structure of Poly(dimethylsiloxane)/Cellulose Derivative Mixed Langmuir Films Depending on Composition: An in Situ Neutron Reflectivity Study. 26017847 2 66 theme variation 476:484 arg1 film 615:618 PDMSd/CAB mixed film 599:618 PDMSd/CAB mixed film 599:618 The contrast variation method was used with different D2O/H2O mixtures as subphase, allowing contrast matching to either CAB, PDMSd, or PDMSd/CAB mixed film if homogeneous. 26017847 2 66 theme variation 476:484 arg1 PDMSd 589:593 PDMSd 589:593 PDMSd 589:593 The contrast variation method was used with different D2O/H2O mixtures as subphase, allowing contrast matching to either CAB, PDMSd, or PDMSd/CAB mixed film if homogeneous. 26017847 2 66 theme variation 476:484 arg1 subphase 537:544 subphase 537:544 subphase 537:544 The contrast variation method was used with different D2O/H2O mixtures as subphase, allowing contrast matching to either CAB, PDMSd, or PDMSd/CAB mixed film if homogeneous. 26017847 2 66 theme variation 476:484 arg1 method 486:491 The contrast variation method 463:491 The contrast variation method 463:491 The contrast variation method was used with different D2O/H2O mixtures as subphase, allowing contrast matching to either CAB, PDMSd, or PDMSd/CAB mixed film if homogeneous. 26017847 1 67 theme BAM 410:412 arg1 observations 415:426 Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) observations 383:426 Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) observations 383:426 The mixing behavior of deuterated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMSd) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) spread as Langmuir films at the air-water interface was studied by means of surface pressure-area isotherms, Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) observations, and in situ neutron reflectivity. 26017847 5 68 theme thin 1152:1155 arg1 layer 1161:1165 a thin CAB layer 1150:1165 a thin CAB layer 1150:1165 Indeed, whatever the surface pressure, a bilayer structure is observed with a PDMSd layer in contact with the air over a thin CAB layer in contact with the subphase. 26017847 6 69 theme volume 1277:1282 arg1 fraction 1284:1291 the PDMSd volume fraction 1267:1291 the PDMSd volume fraction which allows obtaining either a homogeneous membrane which composition can be tuned or a vertically segregated system 1267:1409 These results show that the structure of the film is mainly driven by the PDMSd volume fraction which allows obtaining either a homogeneous membrane which composition can be tuned or a vertically segregated system. 26017847 3 70 theme film 737:740 arg1 compression 742:752 the film compression 733:752 the film compression 733:752 At PDMSd volume fractions Φ lower than 0.6, the mixed film is a homogeneous monolayer throughout the film compression, in agreement with the monophasic film observed by BAM and the attractive interactions between PDMSd and CAB evidenced from the isotherm measurements. 26017847 0 71 theme dimethylsiloxane 49:64 arg1 Derivative 77:86 Poly(dimethylsiloxane)/Cellulose Derivative 44:86 Poly(dimethylsiloxane)/Cellulose Derivative 44:86 From Homogeneous to Segregated Structure of Poly(dimethylsiloxane)/Cellulose Derivative Mixed Langmuir Films Depending on Composition: An in Situ Neutron Reflectivity Study. 26017847 1 72 theme air-water 306:314 arg1 interface 316:324 the air-water interface 302:324 the air-water interface 302:324 The mixing behavior of deuterated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMSd) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) spread as Langmuir films at the air-water interface was studied by means of surface pressure-area isotherms, Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) observations, and in situ neutron reflectivity. 26017847 2 73 theme contrast 467:474 arg1 film 615:618 PDMSd/CAB mixed film 599:618 PDMSd/CAB mixed film 599:618 The contrast variation method was used with different D2O/H2O mixtures as subphase, allowing contrast matching to either CAB, PDMSd, or PDMSd/CAB mixed film if homogeneous. 26017847 2 73 theme contrast 467:474 arg1 PDMSd 589:593 PDMSd 589:593 PDMSd 589:593 The contrast variation method was used with different D2O/H2O mixtures as subphase, allowing contrast matching to either CAB, PDMSd, or PDMSd/CAB mixed film if homogeneous. 26017847 2 73 theme contrast 467:474 arg1 subphase 537:544 subphase 537:544 subphase 537:544 The contrast variation method was used with different D2O/H2O mixtures as subphase, allowing contrast matching to either CAB, PDMSd, or PDMSd/CAB mixed film if homogeneous. 26017847 2 73 theme contrast 467:474 arg1 method 486:491 The contrast variation method 463:491 The contrast variation method 463:491 The contrast variation method was used with different D2O/H2O mixtures as subphase, allowing contrast matching to either CAB, PDMSd, or PDMSd/CAB mixed film if homogeneous. 26017847 3 74 theme attractive 817:826 arg1 interactions 828:839 the attractive interactions 813:839 the attractive interactions between PDMSd and CAB evidenced from the isotherm measurements 813:902 At PDMSd volume fractions Φ lower than 0.6, the mixed film is a homogeneous monolayer throughout the film compression, in agreement with the monophasic film observed by BAM and the attractive interactions between PDMSd and CAB evidenced from the isotherm measurements. 25873655 5 0 used used 637:640 arg2 phenotyping 510:520 High-throughput robotized biochemical phenotyping 472:520 High-throughput robotized biochemical phenotyping of major compounds, as well as proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry metabolomic profiling, 472:630 High-throughput robotized biochemical phenotyping of major compounds, as well as proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry metabolomic profiling, were used to measure the contents of about 70 metabolites in the leaves and 60 metabolites in the fruits, in parallel with ecophysiological measurements. 25873655 5 1 dep leaves 697:702 arg1 the 693:695 the 693:695 the 693:695 High-throughput robotized biochemical phenotyping of major compounds, as well as proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry metabolomic profiling, were used to measure the contents of about 70 metabolites in the leaves and 60 metabolites in the fruits, in parallel with ecophysiological measurements. 25873655 12 2 theme fluctuating 1453:1463 arg1 metabolites 1465:1475 the fluctuating metabolites 1449:1475 the fluctuating metabolites 1449:1475 Several organic acids were among the fluctuating metabolites. 25873655 1 3 theme changes 161:167 arg1 study 126:130 A detailed study 115:130 A detailed study of the diurnal compositional changes 115:167 A detailed study of the diurnal compositional changes was performed in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. 25873655 7 4 theme shaded 902:907 arg1 plants 924:929 The shaded carbon-limited plants 898:929 The shaded carbon-limited plants 898:929 The shaded carbon-limited plants adjusted their leaf area, decreased their sink carbon demand and showed subtle compositional modifications. 25873655 5 5 theme ecophysiological 755:770 arg1 measurements 772:783 ecophysiological measurements 755:783 ecophysiological measurements 755:783 High-throughput robotized biochemical phenotyping of major compounds, as well as proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry metabolomic profiling, were used to measure the contents of about 70 metabolites in the leaves and 60 metabolites in the fruits, in parallel with ecophysiological measurements. 25873655 0 6 from profiling 12:20 arg1 tomato 25:30 tomato 25:30 tomato 25:30 Metabolomic profiling in tomato reveals diel compositional changes in fruit affected by source-sink relationships. 25873655 5 7 theme spectrometry 596:607 arg1 profiling 621:629 proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry metabolomic profiling 553:629 proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry metabolomic profiling 553:629 High-throughput robotized biochemical phenotyping of major compounds, as well as proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry metabolomic profiling, were used to measure the contents of about 70 metabolites in the leaves and 60 metabolites in the fruits, in parallel with ecophysiological measurements. 25873655 14 8 theme metabolic 1721:1729 arg1 processes 1731:1739 several metabolic processes 1713:1739 several metabolic processes of the fruit 1713:1752 Relationships between compositional changes in leaves and fruits are in agreement with the fact that several metabolic processes of the fruit appeared linked to its momentary supply of sucrose. 25873655 7 9 theme subtle 1003:1008 arg1 modifications 1024:1036 subtle compositional modifications 1003:1036 subtle compositional modifications 1003:1036 The shaded carbon-limited plants adjusted their leaf area, decreased their sink carbon demand and showed subtle compositional modifications. 25873655 6 10 theme Metabolite 786:795 arg1 data 797:800 Metabolite data 786:800 Metabolite data 786:800 Metabolite data were processed using multivariate, univariate, or clustering analyses and correlation networks. 25873655 5 11 theme metabolomic 609:619 arg1 profiling 621:629 proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry metabolomic profiling 553:629 proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry metabolomic profiling 553:629 High-throughput robotized biochemical phenotyping of major compounds, as well as proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry metabolomic profiling, were used to measure the contents of about 70 metabolites in the leaves and 60 metabolites in the fruits, in parallel with ecophysiological measurements. 25873655 12 12 theme organic 1424:1430 arg1 acids 1432:1436 Several organic acids 1416:1436 Several organic acids 1416:1436 Several organic acids were among the fluctuating metabolites. 25873655 10 13 theme carbon 1280:1285 arg1 storage 1287:1293 transitory carbon storage 1269:1293 transitory carbon storage 1269:1293 However, transitory carbon storage was limited in tomato leaves. 25873655 0 14 theme source-sink 88:98 arg1 relationships 100:112 source-sink relationships 88:112 source-sink relationships 88:112 Metabolomic profiling in tomato reveals diel compositional changes in fruit affected by source-sink relationships. 25873655 0 15 from changes 59:65 arg1 fruit 70:74 fruit 70:74 fruit affected by source-sink relationships 70:112 Metabolomic profiling in tomato reveals diel compositional changes in fruit affected by source-sink relationships. 25873655 8 16 theme several 1058:1064 arg1 metabolites 1066:1076 several metabolites 1058:1076 several metabolites 1058:1076 For source leaves, several metabolites varied along a diel cycle, including those directly linked to photosynthesis and photorespiration. 25873655 5 17 theme profiling 621:629 arg1 phenotyping 510:520 High-throughput robotized biochemical phenotyping 472:520 High-throughput robotized biochemical phenotyping of major compounds, as well as proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry metabolomic profiling, 472:630 High-throughput robotized biochemical phenotyping of major compounds, as well as proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry metabolomic profiling, were used to measure the contents of about 70 metabolites in the leaves and 60 metabolites in the fruits, in parallel with ecophysiological measurements. 25873655 12 18 theme Several 1416:1422 arg1 acids 1432:1436 Several organic acids 1416:1436 Several organic acids 1416:1436 Several organic acids were among the fluctuating metabolites. 25873655 5 19 theme robotized 488:496 arg1 phenotyping 510:520 High-throughput robotized biochemical phenotyping 472:520 High-throughput robotized biochemical phenotyping of major compounds, as well as proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry metabolomic profiling, 472:630 High-throughput robotized biochemical phenotyping of major compounds, as well as proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry metabolomic profiling, were used to measure the contents of about 70 metabolites in the leaves and 60 metabolites in the fruits, in parallel with ecophysiological measurements. 25873655 14 20 theme fruit 1748:1752 arg1 processes 1731:1739 several metabolic processes 1713:1739 several metabolic processes of the fruit 1713:1752 Relationships between compositional changes in leaves and fruits are in agreement with the fact that several metabolic processes of the fruit appeared linked to its momentary supply of sucrose. 25873655 8 21 dep source 1043:1048 arg1 leaves 1050:1055 leaves 1050:1055 leaves 1050:1055 For source leaves, several metabolites varied along a diel cycle, including those directly linked to photosynthesis and photorespiration. 25873655 2 22 dep Moneymaker 219:228 arg1 leaves 231:236 leaves 231:236 leaves 231:236 Moneymaker) leaves and fruits. 25873655 5 23 theme biochemical 498:508 arg1 phenotyping 510:520 High-throughput robotized biochemical phenotyping 472:520 High-throughput robotized biochemical phenotyping of major compounds, as well as proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry metabolomic profiling, 472:630 High-throughput robotized biochemical phenotyping of major compounds, as well as proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry metabolomic profiling, were used to measure the contents of about 70 metabolites in the leaves and 60 metabolites in the fruits, in parallel with ecophysiological measurements. 25873655 14 24 dep appeared 1754:1761 arg1 linked 1763:1768 linked 1763:1768 appeared linked to its momentary supply of sucrose 1754:1803 Relationships between compositional changes in leaves and fruits are in agreement with the fact that several metabolic processes of the fruit appeared linked to its momentary supply of sucrose. 25873655 11 25 theme fewer 1336:1340 arg1 metabolites 1342:1352 fewer metabolites 1336:1352 fewer metabolites 1336:1352 In fruits, fewer metabolites showed diel fluctuations, which were also of lower amplitude. 25873655 5 26 theme magnetic 568:575 arg1 resonance 577:585 proton nuclear magnetic resonance 553:585 proton nuclear magnetic resonance 553:585 High-throughput robotized biochemical phenotyping of major compounds, as well as proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry metabolomic profiling, were used to measure the contents of about 70 metabolites in the leaves and 60 metabolites in the fruits, in parallel with ecophysiological measurements. 25873655 11 27 theme diel 1361:1364 arg1 fluctuations 1366:1377 diel fluctuations 1361:1377 diel fluctuations 1361:1377 In fruits, fewer metabolites showed diel fluctuations, which were also of lower amplitude. 25873655 11 28 theme lower 1399:1403 arg1 amplitude 1405:1413 lower amplitude 1399:1413 lower amplitude 1399:1413 In fruits, fewer metabolites showed diel fluctuations, which were also of lower amplitude. 25873655 8 29 theme diel 1093:1096 arg1 cycle 1098:1102 a diel cycle 1091:1102 a diel cycle 1091:1102 For source leaves, several metabolites varied along a diel cycle, including those directly linked to photosynthesis and photorespiration. 25873655 5 30 theme resonance 577:585 arg1 profiling 621:629 proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry metabolomic profiling 553:629 proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry metabolomic profiling 553:629 High-throughput robotized biochemical phenotyping of major compounds, as well as proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry metabolomic profiling, were used to measure the contents of about 70 metabolites in the leaves and 60 metabolites in the fruits, in parallel with ecophysiological measurements. 25873655 5 31 theme metabolites 678:688 arg1 contents 657:664 the contents 653:664 the contents of about 70 metabolites in the leaves and 60 metabolites in the fruits 653:735 High-throughput robotized biochemical phenotyping of major compounds, as well as proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry metabolomic profiling, were used to measure the contents of about 70 metabolites in the leaves and 60 metabolites in the fruits, in parallel with ecophysiological measurements. 25873655 1 32 theme tomato 186:191 arg1 cv 215:216 tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv 186:216 tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv 186:216 A detailed study of the diurnal compositional changes was performed in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. 25873655 0 33 theme Metabolomic 0:10 arg1 profiling 12:20 Metabolomic profiling 0:20 Metabolomic profiling in tomato 0:30 Metabolomic profiling in tomato reveals diel compositional changes in fruit affected by source-sink relationships. 25873655 7 34 theme leaf 946:949 arg1 area 951:954 their leaf area 940:954 their leaf area 940:954 The shaded carbon-limited plants adjusted their leaf area, decreased their sink carbon demand and showed subtle compositional modifications. 25873655 14 35 theme several 1713:1719 arg1 processes 1731:1739 several metabolic processes 1713:1739 several metabolic processes of the fruit 1713:1752 Relationships between compositional changes in leaves and fruits are in agreement with the fact that several metabolic processes of the fruit appeared linked to its momentary supply of sucrose. 25873655 3 36 dep conditions 317:326 arg1 control 329:335 control 329:335 control 329:335 Plants were cultivated in a commercial greenhouse under two growth conditions: control and shaded. 25873655 3 36 dep conditions 317:326 arg1 shaded 341:346 shaded 341:346 shaded 341:346 Plants were cultivated in a commercial greenhouse under two growth conditions: control and shaded. 25873655 5 37 theme mass 591:594 arg1 spectrometry 596:607 mass spectrometry 591:607 mass spectrometry 591:607 High-throughput robotized biochemical phenotyping of major compounds, as well as proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry metabolomic profiling, were used to measure the contents of about 70 metabolites in the leaves and 60 metabolites in the fruits, in parallel with ecophysiological measurements. 25873655 7 38 theme carbon 978:983 arg1 demand 985:990 their sink carbon demand 967:990 their sink carbon demand 967:990 The shaded carbon-limited plants adjusted their leaf area, decreased their sink carbon demand and showed subtle compositional modifications. 25873655 1 39 theme Solanum 194:200 arg1 cv 215:216 tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv 186:216 tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv 186:216 A detailed study of the diurnal compositional changes was performed in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. 25873655 7 40 theme compositional 1010:1022 arg1 modifications 1024:1036 subtle compositional modifications 1003:1036 subtle compositional modifications 1003:1036 The shaded carbon-limited plants adjusted their leaf area, decreased their sink carbon demand and showed subtle compositional modifications. 25873655 3 41 theme commercial 278:287 arg1 greenhouse 289:298 a commercial greenhouse 276:298 a commercial greenhouse 276:298 Plants were cultivated in a commercial greenhouse under two growth conditions: control and shaded. 25873655 6 42 theme correlation 876:886 arg1 networks 888:895 correlation networks 876:895 correlation networks 876:895 Metabolite data were processed using multivariate, univariate, or clustering analyses and correlation networks. 25873655 7 43 theme sink 973:976 arg1 demand 985:990 their sink carbon demand 967:990 their sink carbon demand 967:990 The shaded carbon-limited plants adjusted their leaf area, decreased their sink carbon demand and showed subtle compositional modifications. 25873655 1 44 theme lycopersicum 202:213 arg1 cv 215:216 tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv 186:216 tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv 186:216 A detailed study of the diurnal compositional changes was performed in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. 25873655 0 45 theme diel 40:43 arg1 changes 59:65 diel compositional changes 40:65 diel compositional changes in fruit affected by source-sink relationships 40:112 Metabolomic profiling in tomato reveals diel compositional changes in fruit affected by source-sink relationships. 25873655 13 46 located observed 1492:1499 arg1 fruits 1529:1534 fruits 1529:1534 fruits 1529:1534 Diel patterns observed in leaves and especially in fruits differed between the cloudy and sunny days, and between the two conditions. 25873655 13 46 located observed 1492:1499 arg2 patterns 1483:1490 Diel patterns 1478:1490 Diel patterns observed in leaves and especially in fruits 1478:1534 Diel patterns observed in leaves and especially in fruits differed between the cloudy and sunny days, and between the two conditions. 25873655 13 46 located observed 1492:1499 arg1 leaves 1504:1509 leaves 1504:1509 leaves 1504:1509 Diel patterns observed in leaves and especially in fruits differed between the cloudy and sunny days, and between the two conditions. 25873655 5 47 theme High-throughput 472:486 arg1 phenotyping 510:520 High-throughput robotized biochemical phenotyping 472:520 High-throughput robotized biochemical phenotyping of major compounds, as well as proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry metabolomic profiling, 472:630 High-throughput robotized biochemical phenotyping of major compounds, as well as proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry metabolomic profiling, were used to measure the contents of about 70 metabolites in the leaves and 60 metabolites in the fruits, in parallel with ecophysiological measurements. 25873655 10 48 theme transitory 1269:1278 arg1 storage 1287:1293 transitory carbon storage 1269:1293 transitory carbon storage 1269:1293 However, transitory carbon storage was limited in tomato leaves. 25873655 13 49 theme cloudy 1557:1562 arg1 days 1574:1577 the cloudy and sunny days 1553:1577 the cloudy and sunny days 1553:1577 Diel patterns observed in leaves and especially in fruits differed between the cloudy and sunny days, and between the two conditions. 25873655 4 50 theme sunny 460:464 arg1 day 466:468 sunny day 460:468 sunny day 460:468 Expanding fruits and the closest mature leaves were harvested during two different day/night cycles (cloudy or sunny day). 25873655 4 50 theme sunny 460:464 arg1 cycles 442:447 two different day/night cycles 418:447 two different day/night cycles (cloudy or sunny day) 418:469 Expanding fruits and the closest mature leaves were harvested during two different day/night cycles (cloudy or sunny day). 25873655 14 51 theme sucrose 1797:1803 arg1 supply 1787:1792 its momentary supply 1773:1792 its momentary supply of sucrose 1773:1803 Relationships between compositional changes in leaves and fruits are in agreement with the fact that several metabolic processes of the fruit appeared linked to its momentary supply of sucrose. 25873655 6 52 theme clustering 852:861 arg1 analyses 863:870 clustering analyses 852:870 clustering analyses 852:870 Metabolite data were processed using multivariate, univariate, or clustering analyses and correlation networks. 25873655 14 53 from changes 1648:1654 arg1 fruits 1670:1675 fruits 1670:1675 fruits 1670:1675 Relationships between compositional changes in leaves and fruits are in agreement with the fact that several metabolic processes of the fruit appeared linked to its momentary supply of sucrose. 25873655 14 53 from changes 1648:1654 arg1 leaves 1659:1664 leaves 1659:1664 leaves 1659:1664 Relationships between compositional changes in leaves and fruits are in agreement with the fact that several metabolic processes of the fruit appeared linked to its momentary supply of sucrose. 25873655 14 54 theme compositional 1634:1646 arg1 changes 1648:1654 compositional changes 1634:1654 compositional changes in leaves and fruits 1634:1675 Relationships between compositional changes in leaves and fruits are in agreement with the fact that several metabolic processes of the fruit appeared linked to its momentary supply of sucrose. 25873655 1 55 theme detailed 117:124 arg1 study 126:130 A detailed study 115:130 A detailed study of the diurnal compositional changes 115:167 A detailed study of the diurnal compositional changes was performed in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. 25873655 0 56 theme compositional 45:57 arg1 changes 59:65 diel compositional changes 40:65 diel compositional changes in fruit affected by source-sink relationships 40:112 Metabolomic profiling in tomato reveals diel compositional changes in fruit affected by source-sink relationships. 25873655 3 57 theme growth 310:315 arg1 conditions 317:326 two growth conditions 306:326 two growth conditions: control and shaded 306:346 Plants were cultivated in a commercial greenhouse under two growth conditions: control and shaded. 25873655 4 58 theme different 422:430 arg1 cloudy 450:455 cloudy 450:455 cloudy 450:455 Expanding fruits and the closest mature leaves were harvested during two different day/night cycles (cloudy or sunny day). 25873655 4 58 theme different 422:430 arg1 day 466:468 sunny day 460:468 sunny day 460:468 Expanding fruits and the closest mature leaves were harvested during two different day/night cycles (cloudy or sunny day). 25873655 4 58 theme different 422:430 arg1 cycles 442:447 two different day/night cycles 418:447 two different day/night cycles (cloudy or sunny day) 418:469 Expanding fruits and the closest mature leaves were harvested during two different day/night cycles (cloudy or sunny day). 25873655 14 59 with agreement 1684:1692 arg1 fact 1703:1706 the fact that several metabolic processes of the fruit appeared linked to its momentary supply of sucrose 1699:1803 the fact that several metabolic processes of the fruit appeared linked to its momentary supply of sucrose 1699:1803 Relationships between compositional changes in leaves and fruits are in agreement with the fact that several metabolic processes of the fruit appeared linked to its momentary supply of sucrose. 25873655 5 60 theme proton 553:558 arg1 resonance 577:585 proton nuclear magnetic resonance 553:585 proton nuclear magnetic resonance 553:585 High-throughput robotized biochemical phenotyping of major compounds, as well as proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry metabolomic profiling, were used to measure the contents of about 70 metabolites in the leaves and 60 metabolites in the fruits, in parallel with ecophysiological measurements. 25873655 13 61 theme Diel 1478:1481 arg1 patterns 1483:1490 Diel patterns 1478:1490 Diel patterns observed in leaves and especially in fruits 1478:1534 Diel patterns observed in leaves and especially in fruits differed between the cloudy and sunny days, and between the two conditions. 25873655 4 62 dep mature 382:387 arg1 leaves 389:394 leaves 389:394 leaves 389:394 Expanding fruits and the closest mature leaves were harvested during two different day/night cycles (cloudy or sunny day). 25873655 5 63 from contents 657:664 arg1 leaves 697:702 leaves 697:702 leaves 697:702 High-throughput robotized biochemical phenotyping of major compounds, as well as proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry metabolomic profiling, were used to measure the contents of about 70 metabolites in the leaves and 60 metabolites in the fruits, in parallel with ecophysiological measurements. 25873655 5 63 from contents 657:664 arg1 metabolites 711:721 60 metabolites 708:721 60 metabolites 708:721 High-throughput robotized biochemical phenotyping of major compounds, as well as proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry metabolomic profiling, were used to measure the contents of about 70 metabolites in the leaves and 60 metabolites in the fruits, in parallel with ecophysiological measurements. 25873655 9 64 theme diel 1235:1238 arg1 cycles 1240:1245 diel cycles 1235:1245 diel cycles 1235:1245 These metabolites peaked at midday in both conditions and diel cycles as expected. 25873655 4 65 theme Expanding 349:357 arg1 fruits 359:364 Expanding fruits 349:364 Expanding fruits 349:364 Expanding fruits and the closest mature leaves were harvested during two different day/night cycles (cloudy or sunny day). 25873655 4 66 dep cycles 442:447 arg1 cloudy 450:455 cloudy 450:455 cloudy 450:455 Expanding fruits and the closest mature leaves were harvested during two different day/night cycles (cloudy or sunny day). 25873655 4 66 dep cycles 442:447 arg1 day 466:468 sunny day 460:468 sunny day 460:468 Expanding fruits and the closest mature leaves were harvested during two different day/night cycles (cloudy or sunny day). 25873655 4 66 dep cycles 442:447 arg1 cycles 442:447 two different day/night cycles 418:447 two different day/night cycles (cloudy or sunny day) 418:469 Expanding fruits and the closest mature leaves were harvested during two different day/night cycles (cloudy or sunny day). 25873655 5 67 theme nuclear 560:566 arg1 resonance 577:585 proton nuclear magnetic resonance 553:585 proton nuclear magnetic resonance 553:585 High-throughput robotized biochemical phenotyping of major compounds, as well as proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry metabolomic profiling, were used to measure the contents of about 70 metabolites in the leaves and 60 metabolites in the fruits, in parallel with ecophysiological measurements. 25873655 10 68 dep tomato 1310:1315 arg1 leaves 1317:1322 leaves 1317:1322 leaves 1317:1322 However, transitory carbon storage was limited in tomato leaves. 25873655 5 69 theme major 525:529 arg1 compounds 531:539 major compounds 525:539 major compounds 525:539 High-throughput robotized biochemical phenotyping of major compounds, as well as proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry metabolomic profiling, were used to measure the contents of about 70 metabolites in the leaves and 60 metabolites in the fruits, in parallel with ecophysiological measurements. 25873655 8 70 attach linked 1130:1135 arg2 those 1115:1119 those 1115:1119 those 1115:1119 For source leaves, several metabolites varied along a diel cycle, including those directly linked to photosynthesis and photorespiration. 25873655 8 70 attach linked 1130:1135 arg1 photorespiration 1159:1174 photorespiration 1159:1174 photorespiration 1159:1174 For source leaves, several metabolites varied along a diel cycle, including those directly linked to photosynthesis and photorespiration. 25873655 8 70 attach linked 1130:1135 arg1 photosynthesis 1140:1153 photosynthesis 1140:1153 photosynthesis 1140:1153 For source leaves, several metabolites varied along a diel cycle, including those directly linked to photosynthesis and photorespiration. 25873655 7 71 theme carbon-limited 909:922 arg1 plants 924:929 The shaded carbon-limited plants 898:929 The shaded carbon-limited plants 898:929 The shaded carbon-limited plants adjusted their leaf area, decreased their sink carbon demand and showed subtle compositional modifications. 25873655 13 72 theme sunny 1568:1572 arg1 days 1574:1577 the cloudy and sunny days 1553:1577 the cloudy and sunny days 1553:1577 Diel patterns observed in leaves and especially in fruits differed between the cloudy and sunny days, and between the two conditions. 25873655 4 73 theme day/night 432:440 arg1 cloudy 450:455 cloudy 450:455 cloudy 450:455 Expanding fruits and the closest mature leaves were harvested during two different day/night cycles (cloudy or sunny day). 25873655 4 73 theme day/night 432:440 arg1 day 466:468 sunny day 460:468 sunny day 460:468 Expanding fruits and the closest mature leaves were harvested during two different day/night cycles (cloudy or sunny day). 25873655 4 73 theme day/night 432:440 arg1 cycles 442:447 two different day/night cycles 418:447 two different day/night cycles (cloudy or sunny day) 418:469 Expanding fruits and the closest mature leaves were harvested during two different day/night cycles (cloudy or sunny day). 25873655 5 74 theme compounds 531:539 arg1 phenotyping 510:520 High-throughput robotized biochemical phenotyping 472:520 High-throughput robotized biochemical phenotyping of major compounds, as well as proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry metabolomic profiling, 472:630 High-throughput robotized biochemical phenotyping of major compounds, as well as proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry metabolomic profiling, were used to measure the contents of about 70 metabolites in the leaves and 60 metabolites in the fruits, in parallel with ecophysiological measurements. 25873655 1 75 theme diurnal 139:145 arg1 changes 161:167 the diurnal compositional changes 135:167 the diurnal compositional changes 135:167 A detailed study of the diurnal compositional changes was performed in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. 25873655 14 76 theme momentary 1777:1785 arg1 supply 1787:1792 its momentary supply 1773:1792 its momentary supply of sucrose 1773:1803 Relationships between compositional changes in leaves and fruits are in agreement with the fact that several metabolic processes of the fruit appeared linked to its momentary supply of sucrose. 25873655 5 77 with parallel 741:748 arg1 measurements 772:783 ecophysiological measurements 755:783 ecophysiological measurements 755:783 High-throughput robotized biochemical phenotyping of major compounds, as well as proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry metabolomic profiling, were used to measure the contents of about 70 metabolites in the leaves and 60 metabolites in the fruits, in parallel with ecophysiological measurements. 25873655 1 78 theme compositional 147:159 arg1 changes 161:167 the diurnal compositional changes 135:167 the diurnal compositional changes 135:167 A detailed study of the diurnal compositional changes was performed in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. 26916304 2 0 theme concentrates 604:615 arg1 potential 568:576 the prohemostatic potential 550:576 the prohemostatic potential of different PCCs and FIX concentrates 550:615 The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of anticoagulant heparin supplement on the prohemostatic potential of different PCCs and FIX concentrates. 26916304 1 1 theme assessment 432:441 arg1 reversal 372:379 reversal 372:379 reversal of oral anticoagulation, as well as the laboratory assessment thereof 372:449 INTRODUCTION Coagulation factor concentrates like factor IX (FIX) and prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) can contain anticoagulant substances that may hamper their procoagulant effectiveness in the treatment of hemophilia B or reversal of oral anticoagulation, as well as the laboratory assessment thereof. 26916304 1 1 theme assessment 432:441 arg1 treatment 343:351 the treatment 339:351 the treatment of hemophilia B 339:367 INTRODUCTION Coagulation factor concentrates like factor IX (FIX) and prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) can contain anticoagulant substances that may hamper their procoagulant effectiveness in the treatment of hemophilia B or reversal of oral anticoagulation, as well as the laboratory assessment thereof. 26916304 10 2 theme vitamin 1791:1797 arg1 factors 1820:1826 vitamin K-dependent clotting factors 1791:1826 vitamin K-dependent clotting factors 1791:1826 Given the relative short half-life of heparin compared to vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, an anticoagulant heparin effect shortly after concentrate infusion should be considered clinically and while interpreting laboratory coagulation parameters. 26916304 10 3 theme anticoagulant 1832:1844 arg1 effect 1854:1859 an anticoagulant heparin effect 1829:1859 an anticoagulant heparin effect shortly after concentrate infusion 1829:1894 Given the relative short half-life of heparin compared to vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, an anticoagulant heparin effect shortly after concentrate infusion should be considered clinically and while interpreting laboratory coagulation parameters. 26916304 1 4 theme anticoagulant 262:274 arg1 substances 276:285 anticoagulant substances 262:285 anticoagulant substances that may hamper their procoagulant effectiveness in the treatment of hemophilia B or reversal of oral anticoagulation, as well as the laboratory assessment thereof 262:449 INTRODUCTION Coagulation factor concentrates like factor IX (FIX) and prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) can contain anticoagulant substances that may hamper their procoagulant effectiveness in the treatment of hemophilia B or reversal of oral anticoagulation, as well as the laboratory assessment thereof. 26916304 0 5 dep counteracts 19:29 arg1 evaluation 130:139 An in vitro evaluation 118:139 An in vitro evaluation 118:139 Heparin supplement counteracts the prohemostatic effect of prothrombin complex concentrate and factor IX concentrate: An in vitro evaluation. 26916304 1 6 theme factor 192:197 arg1 IX 199:200 factor IX 192:200 factor IX (FIX) 192:206 INTRODUCTION Coagulation factor concentrates like factor IX (FIX) and prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) can contain anticoagulant substances that may hamper their procoagulant effectiveness in the treatment of hemophilia B or reversal of oral anticoagulation, as well as the laboratory assessment thereof. 26916304 1 6 theme factor 192:197 arg1 FIX 203:205 FIX 203:205 FIX 203:205 INTRODUCTION Coagulation factor concentrates like factor IX (FIX) and prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) can contain anticoagulant substances that may hamper their procoagulant effectiveness in the treatment of hemophilia B or reversal of oral anticoagulation, as well as the laboratory assessment thereof. 26916304 9 7 theme Therapeutic 1517:1527 arg1 levels 1529:1534 Therapeutic levels 1517:1534 Therapeutic levels of heparin 1517:1545 Therapeutic levels of heparin may be co-infused when treating emergency bleeds with high prohemostatic drug doses, particularly those recommended in the reversal of non-VKA anticoagulants such as rivaroxaban by PCC. 26916304 0 8 theme in 121:122 arg1 evaluation 130:139 An in vitro evaluation 118:139 An in vitro evaluation 118:139 Heparin supplement counteracts the prohemostatic effect of prothrombin complex concentrate and factor IX concentrate: An in vitro evaluation. 26916304 1 9 theme oral 384:387 arg1 anticoagulation 389:403 oral anticoagulation 384:403 oral anticoagulation 384:403 INTRODUCTION Coagulation factor concentrates like factor IX (FIX) and prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) can contain anticoagulant substances that may hamper their procoagulant effectiveness in the treatment of hemophilia B or reversal of oral anticoagulation, as well as the laboratory assessment thereof. 26916304 2 10 theme supplement 536:545 arg1 influence 501:509 the influence 497:509 the influence of anticoagulant heparin supplement on the prohemostatic potential of different PCCs and FIX concentrates 497:615 The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of anticoagulant heparin supplement on the prohemostatic potential of different PCCs and FIX concentrates. 26916304 1 11 theme prothrombin 212:222 arg1 PCC 245:247 PCC 245:247 PCC 245:247 INTRODUCTION Coagulation factor concentrates like factor IX (FIX) and prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) can contain anticoagulant substances that may hamper their procoagulant effectiveness in the treatment of hemophilia B or reversal of oral anticoagulation, as well as the laboratory assessment thereof. 26916304 1 11 theme prothrombin 212:222 arg1 concentrate 232:242 prothrombin complex concentrate 212:242 prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) 212:248 INTRODUCTION Coagulation factor concentrates like factor IX (FIX) and prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) can contain anticoagulant substances that may hamper their procoagulant effectiveness in the treatment of hemophilia B or reversal of oral anticoagulation, as well as the laboratory assessment thereof. 26916304 2 12 theme different 581:589 arg1 PCCs 591:594 different PCCs 581:594 different PCCs 581:594 The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of anticoagulant heparin supplement on the prohemostatic potential of different PCCs and FIX concentrates. 26916304 7 13 theme rivaroxaban 1399:1409 arg1 presence 1379:1386 the presence 1375:1386 the presence of 500μg/L rivaroxaban 1375:1409 Of importance is the notion that the anticoagulant effect of heparin was enhanced by rivaroxaban, resulting in a 7 fold increased PT sensitivity towards heparin in the presence of 500μg/L rivaroxaban. 26916304 3 14 theme deficient 765:773 arg1 plasma 775:780 FIX deficient plasma 761:780 FIX deficient plasma 761:780 MATERIALS AND METHODS Prohemostatic potential was evaluated in vitro employing PT/aPTT, thrombography (TGA) and thromboelastography (TEG) with FIX deficient plasma, vitamin K antagonist (VKA)-anticoagulated plasma and plasma anticoagulated with rivaroxaban. 26916304 5 15 theme prohemostatic 1058:1070 arg1 effects 1072:1078 severely hampered prohemostatic effects 1040:1078 severely hampered prohemostatic effects 1040:1078 All heparin-containing clotting factor concentrates showed severely hampered prohemostatic effects when therapeutic doses were added to anticoagulated plasmas. 26916304 1 16 contain contain 254:260 arg2 substances 276:285 anticoagulant substances 262:285 anticoagulant substances that may hamper their procoagulant effectiveness in the treatment of hemophilia B or reversal of oral anticoagulation, as well as the laboratory assessment thereof 262:449 INTRODUCTION Coagulation factor concentrates like factor IX (FIX) and prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) can contain anticoagulant substances that may hamper their procoagulant effectiveness in the treatment of hemophilia B or reversal of oral anticoagulation, as well as the laboratory assessment thereof. 26916304 1 16 contain contain 254:260 arg1 concentrates 174:185 INTRODUCTION Coagulation factor concentrates 142:185 INTRODUCTION Coagulation factor concentrates like factor IX (FIX) and prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) 142:248 INTRODUCTION Coagulation factor concentrates like factor IX (FIX) and prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) can contain anticoagulant substances that may hamper their procoagulant effectiveness in the treatment of hemophilia B or reversal of oral anticoagulation, as well as the laboratory assessment thereof. 26916304 4 17 theme FIX 963:965 arg1 concentrates 967:978 1 out of 4 examined FIX concentrates 943:978 1 out of 4 examined FIX concentrates 943:978 RESULTS Most PCCs contained heparin, while heparin was detected in 1 out of 4 examined FIX concentrates. 26916304 7 18 theme heparin 1272:1278 arg1 effect 1262:1267 the anticoagulant effect 1244:1267 the anticoagulant effect of heparin 1244:1278 Of importance is the notion that the anticoagulant effect of heparin was enhanced by rivaroxaban, resulting in a 7 fold increased PT sensitivity towards heparin in the presence of 500μg/L rivaroxaban. 26916304 3 19 theme MATERIALS 618:626 arg1 potential 654:662 MATERIALS AND METHODS Prohemostatic potential 618:662 MATERIALS AND METHODS Prohemostatic potential 618:662 MATERIALS AND METHODS Prohemostatic potential was evaluated in vitro employing PT/aPTT, thrombography (TGA) and thromboelastography (TEG) with FIX deficient plasma, vitamin K antagonist (VKA)-anticoagulated plasma and plasma anticoagulated with rivaroxaban. 26916304 1 20 theme Coagulation 155:165 arg1 concentrates 174:185 INTRODUCTION Coagulation factor concentrates 142:185 INTRODUCTION Coagulation factor concentrates like factor IX (FIX) and prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) 142:248 INTRODUCTION Coagulation factor concentrates like factor IX (FIX) and prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) can contain anticoagulant substances that may hamper their procoagulant effectiveness in the treatment of hemophilia B or reversal of oral anticoagulation, as well as the laboratory assessment thereof. 26916304 0 21 dep in 121:122 arg1 vitro 124:128 vitro 124:128 vitro 124:128 Heparin supplement counteracts the prohemostatic effect of prothrombin complex concentrate and factor IX concentrate: An in vitro evaluation. 26916304 2 22 theme anticoagulant 514:526 arg1 supplement 536:545 anticoagulant heparin supplement 514:545 anticoagulant heparin supplement 514:545 The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of anticoagulant heparin supplement on the prohemostatic potential of different PCCs and FIX concentrates. 26916304 3 23 theme METHODS 632:638 arg1 potential 654:662 MATERIALS AND METHODS Prohemostatic potential 618:662 MATERIALS AND METHODS Prohemostatic potential 618:662 MATERIALS AND METHODS Prohemostatic potential was evaluated in vitro employing PT/aPTT, thrombography (TGA) and thromboelastography (TEG) with FIX deficient plasma, vitamin K antagonist (VKA)-anticoagulated plasma and plasma anticoagulated with rivaroxaban. 26916304 0 24 theme IX 102:103 arg1 effect 49:54 the prohemostatic effect 31:54 the prohemostatic effect of prothrombin complex concentrate and factor IX concentrate 31:115 Heparin supplement counteracts the prohemostatic effect of prothrombin complex concentrate and factor IX concentrate: An in vitro evaluation. 26916304 5 25 theme anticoagulated 1117:1130 arg1 plasmas 1132:1138 anticoagulated plasmas 1117:1138 anticoagulated plasmas 1117:1138 All heparin-containing clotting factor concentrates showed severely hampered prohemostatic effects when therapeutic doses were added to anticoagulated plasmas. 26916304 9 26 theme drug 1620:1623 arg1 doses 1625:1629 high prohemostatic drug doses 1601:1629 high prohemostatic drug doses 1601:1629 Therapeutic levels of heparin may be co-infused when treating emergency bleeds with high prohemostatic drug doses, particularly those recommended in the reversal of non-VKA anticoagulants such as rivaroxaban by PCC. 26916304 9 26 theme drug 1620:1623 arg1 those 1645:1649 those 1645:1649 those 1645:1649 Therapeutic levels of heparin may be co-infused when treating emergency bleeds with high prohemostatic drug doses, particularly those recommended in the reversal of non-VKA anticoagulants such as rivaroxaban by PCC. 26916304 0 27 dep IX 102:103 arg1 concentrate 105:115 concentrate 105:115 concentrate 105:115 Heparin supplement counteracts the prohemostatic effect of prothrombin complex concentrate and factor IX concentrate: An in vitro evaluation. 26916304 4 28 contain contained 894:902 arg2 heparin 904:910 heparin 904:910 heparin 904:910 RESULTS Most PCCs contained heparin, while heparin was detected in 1 out of 4 examined FIX concentrates. 26916304 4 28 contain contained 894:902 arg1 PCCs 889:892 Most PCCs 884:892 Most PCCs 884:892 RESULTS Most PCCs contained heparin, while heparin was detected in 1 out of 4 examined FIX concentrates. 26916304 0 29 theme Heparin 0:6 arg1 supplement 8:17 Heparin supplement 0:17 Heparin supplement 0:17 Heparin supplement counteracts the prohemostatic effect of prothrombin complex concentrate and factor IX concentrate: An in vitro evaluation. 26916304 1 30 theme laboratory 421:430 arg1 assessment 432:441 the laboratory assessment 417:441 the laboratory assessment thereof 417:449 INTRODUCTION Coagulation factor concentrates like factor IX (FIX) and prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) can contain anticoagulant substances that may hamper their procoagulant effectiveness in the treatment of hemophilia B or reversal of oral anticoagulation, as well as the laboratory assessment thereof. 26916304 8 31 theme Compositional 1424:1436 arg1 differences 1438:1448 CONCLUSIONS Compositional differences 1412:1448 CONCLUSIONS Compositional differences between clotting factor concentrates 1412:1485 CONCLUSIONS Compositional differences between clotting factor concentrates should be taken into account. 26916304 7 32 theme PT 1341:1342 arg1 sensitivity 1344:1354 a 7 fold increased PT sensitivity 1322:1354 a 7 fold increased PT sensitivity towards heparin in the presence of 500μg/L rivaroxaban 1322:1409 Of importance is the notion that the anticoagulant effect of heparin was enhanced by rivaroxaban, resulting in a 7 fold increased PT sensitivity towards heparin in the presence of 500μg/L rivaroxaban. 26916304 2 33 theme present 467:473 arg1 study 475:479 the present study 463:479 the present study 463:479 The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of anticoagulant heparin supplement on the prohemostatic potential of different PCCs and FIX concentrates. 26916304 10 34 theme relative 1743:1750 arg1 half-life 1758:1766 the relative short half-life 1739:1766 the relative short half-life of heparin compared to vitamin K-dependent clotting factors 1739:1826 Given the relative short half-life of heparin compared to vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, an anticoagulant heparin effect shortly after concentrate infusion should be considered clinically and while interpreting laboratory coagulation parameters. 26916304 0 35 theme prohemostatic 35:47 arg1 effect 49:54 the prohemostatic effect 31:54 the prohemostatic effect of prothrombin complex concentrate and factor IX concentrate 31:115 Heparin supplement counteracts the prohemostatic effect of prothrombin complex concentrate and factor IX concentrate: An in vitro evaluation. 26916304 0 36 theme complex 71:77 arg1 concentrate 79:89 prothrombin complex concentrate 59:89 prothrombin complex concentrate 59:89 Heparin supplement counteracts the prohemostatic effect of prothrombin complex concentrate and factor IX concentrate: An in vitro evaluation. 26916304 8 37 theme factor 1467:1472 arg1 concentrates 1474:1485 clotting factor concentrates 1458:1485 clotting factor concentrates 1458:1485 CONCLUSIONS Compositional differences between clotting factor concentrates should be taken into account. 26916304 5 38 theme hampered 1049:1056 arg1 effects 1072:1078 severely hampered prohemostatic effects 1040:1078 severely hampered prohemostatic effects 1040:1078 All heparin-containing clotting factor concentrates showed severely hampered prohemostatic effects when therapeutic doses were added to anticoagulated plasmas. 26916304 3 39 theme Prohemostatic 640:652 arg1 potential 654:662 MATERIALS AND METHODS Prohemostatic potential 618:662 MATERIALS AND METHODS Prohemostatic potential 618:662 MATERIALS AND METHODS Prohemostatic potential was evaluated in vitro employing PT/aPTT, thrombography (TGA) and thromboelastography (TEG) with FIX deficient plasma, vitamin K antagonist (VKA)-anticoagulated plasma and plasma anticoagulated with rivaroxaban. 26916304 10 40 theme heparin 1771:1777 arg1 half-life 1758:1766 the relative short half-life 1739:1766 the relative short half-life of heparin compared to vitamin K-dependent clotting factors 1739:1826 Given the relative short half-life of heparin compared to vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, an anticoagulant heparin effect shortly after concentrate infusion should be considered clinically and while interpreting laboratory coagulation parameters. 26916304 1 41 theme complex 224:230 arg1 PCC 245:247 PCC 245:247 PCC 245:247 INTRODUCTION Coagulation factor concentrates like factor IX (FIX) and prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) can contain anticoagulant substances that may hamper their procoagulant effectiveness in the treatment of hemophilia B or reversal of oral anticoagulation, as well as the laboratory assessment thereof. 26916304 1 41 theme complex 224:230 arg1 concentrate 232:242 prothrombin complex concentrate 212:242 prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) 212:248 INTRODUCTION Coagulation factor concentrates like factor IX (FIX) and prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) can contain anticoagulant substances that may hamper their procoagulant effectiveness in the treatment of hemophilia B or reversal of oral anticoagulation, as well as the laboratory assessment thereof. 26916304 5 42 theme heparin-containing 985:1002 arg1 concentrates 1020:1031 All heparin-containing clotting factor concentrates 981:1031 All heparin-containing clotting factor concentrates 981:1031 All heparin-containing clotting factor concentrates showed severely hampered prohemostatic effects when therapeutic doses were added to anticoagulated plasmas. 26916304 7 43 from sensitivity 1344:1354 arg1 presence 1379:1386 the presence 1375:1386 the presence of 500μg/L rivaroxaban 1375:1409 Of importance is the notion that the anticoagulant effect of heparin was enhanced by rivaroxaban, resulting in a 7 fold increased PT sensitivity towards heparin in the presence of 500μg/L rivaroxaban. 26916304 6 44 theme heparin 1146:1152 arg1 removal 1154:1160 heparin removal 1146:1160 heparin removal 1146:1160 Upon heparin removal, comparable prohemostatic effects were observed. 26916304 4 45 dep RESULTS 876:882 arg1 contained 894:902 contained 894:902 contained 894:902 RESULTS Most PCCs contained heparin, while heparin was detected in 1 out of 4 examined FIX concentrates. 26916304 5 46 theme factor 1013:1018 arg1 concentrates 1020:1031 All heparin-containing clotting factor concentrates 981:1031 All heparin-containing clotting factor concentrates 981:1031 All heparin-containing clotting factor concentrates showed severely hampered prohemostatic effects when therapeutic doses were added to anticoagulated plasmas. 26916304 7 47 theme anticoagulant 1248:1260 arg1 effect 1262:1267 the anticoagulant effect 1244:1267 the anticoagulant effect of heparin 1244:1278 Of importance is the notion that the anticoagulant effect of heparin was enhanced by rivaroxaban, resulting in a 7 fold increased PT sensitivity towards heparin in the presence of 500μg/L rivaroxaban. 26916304 10 48 theme K-dependent 1799:1809 arg1 factors 1820:1826 vitamin K-dependent clotting factors 1791:1826 vitamin K-dependent clotting factors 1791:1826 Given the relative short half-life of heparin compared to vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, an anticoagulant heparin effect shortly after concentrate infusion should be considered clinically and while interpreting laboratory coagulation parameters. 26916304 2 49 theme FIX 600:602 arg1 concentrates 604:615 FIX concentrates 600:615 FIX concentrates 600:615 The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of anticoagulant heparin supplement on the prohemostatic potential of different PCCs and FIX concentrates. 26916304 10 50 theme laboratory 1951:1960 arg1 parameters 1974:1983 laboratory coagulation parameters 1951:1983 laboratory coagulation parameters 1951:1983 Given the relative short half-life of heparin compared to vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, an anticoagulant heparin effect shortly after concentrate infusion should be considered clinically and while interpreting laboratory coagulation parameters. 26916304 10 51 theme heparin 1846:1852 arg1 effect 1854:1859 an anticoagulant heparin effect 1829:1859 an anticoagulant heparin effect shortly after concentrate infusion 1829:1894 Given the relative short half-life of heparin compared to vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, an anticoagulant heparin effect shortly after concentrate infusion should be considered clinically and while interpreting laboratory coagulation parameters. 26916304 2 52 theme PCCs 591:594 arg1 potential 568:576 the prohemostatic potential 550:576 the prohemostatic potential of different PCCs and FIX concentrates 550:615 The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of anticoagulant heparin supplement on the prohemostatic potential of different PCCs and FIX concentrates. 26916304 4 53 located detected 931:938 arg1 concentrates 967:978 1 out of 4 examined FIX concentrates 943:978 1 out of 4 examined FIX concentrates 943:978 RESULTS Most PCCs contained heparin, while heparin was detected in 1 out of 4 examined FIX concentrates. 26916304 4 53 located detected 931:938 arg2 heparin 919:925 heparin 919:925 heparin 919:925 RESULTS Most PCCs contained heparin, while heparin was detected in 1 out of 4 examined FIX concentrates. 26916304 10 54 theme concentrate 1875:1885 arg1 infusion 1887:1894 concentrate infusion 1875:1894 concentrate infusion 1875:1894 Given the relative short half-life of heparin compared to vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, an anticoagulant heparin effect shortly after concentrate infusion should be considered clinically and while interpreting laboratory coagulation parameters. 26916304 3 55 theme FIX 761:763 arg1 plasma 775:780 FIX deficient plasma 761:780 FIX deficient plasma 761:780 MATERIALS AND METHODS Prohemostatic potential was evaluated in vitro employing PT/aPTT, thrombography (TGA) and thromboelastography (TEG) with FIX deficient plasma, vitamin K antagonist (VKA)-anticoagulated plasma and plasma anticoagulated with rivaroxaban. 26916304 9 56 theme non-VKA 1682:1688 arg1 anticoagulants 1690:1703 non-VKA anticoagulants 1682:1703 non-VKA anticoagulants such as rivaroxaban 1682:1723 Therapeutic levels of heparin may be co-infused when treating emergency bleeds with high prohemostatic drug doses, particularly those recommended in the reversal of non-VKA anticoagulants such as rivaroxaban by PCC. 26916304 9 56 theme non-VKA 1682:1688 arg1 rivaroxaban 1713:1723 rivaroxaban 1713:1723 rivaroxaban 1713:1723 Therapeutic levels of heparin may be co-infused when treating emergency bleeds with high prohemostatic drug doses, particularly those recommended in the reversal of non-VKA anticoagulants such as rivaroxaban by PCC. 26916304 6 57 theme prohemostatic 1174:1186 arg1 effects 1188:1194 comparable prohemostatic effects 1163:1194 comparable prohemostatic effects 1163:1194 Upon heparin removal, comparable prohemostatic effects were observed. 26916304 9 58 theme high 1601:1604 arg1 doses 1625:1629 high prohemostatic drug doses 1601:1629 high prohemostatic drug doses 1601:1629 Therapeutic levels of heparin may be co-infused when treating emergency bleeds with high prohemostatic drug doses, particularly those recommended in the reversal of non-VKA anticoagulants such as rivaroxaban by PCC. 26916304 9 58 theme high 1601:1604 arg1 those 1645:1649 those 1645:1649 those 1645:1649 Therapeutic levels of heparin may be co-infused when treating emergency bleeds with high prohemostatic drug doses, particularly those recommended in the reversal of non-VKA anticoagulants such as rivaroxaban by PCC. 26916304 1 59 theme INTRODUCTION 142:153 arg1 concentrates 174:185 INTRODUCTION Coagulation factor concentrates 142:185 INTRODUCTION Coagulation factor concentrates like factor IX (FIX) and prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) 142:248 INTRODUCTION Coagulation factor concentrates like factor IX (FIX) and prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) can contain anticoagulant substances that may hamper their procoagulant effectiveness in the treatment of hemophilia B or reversal of oral anticoagulation, as well as the laboratory assessment thereof. 26916304 1 60 theme anticoagulation 389:403 arg1 reversal 372:379 reversal 372:379 reversal of oral anticoagulation, as well as the laboratory assessment thereof 372:449 INTRODUCTION Coagulation factor concentrates like factor IX (FIX) and prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) can contain anticoagulant substances that may hamper their procoagulant effectiveness in the treatment of hemophilia B or reversal of oral anticoagulation, as well as the laboratory assessment thereof. 26916304 1 60 theme anticoagulation 389:403 arg1 treatment 343:351 the treatment 339:351 the treatment of hemophilia B 339:367 INTRODUCTION Coagulation factor concentrates like factor IX (FIX) and prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) can contain anticoagulant substances that may hamper their procoagulant effectiveness in the treatment of hemophilia B or reversal of oral anticoagulation, as well as the laboratory assessment thereof. 26916304 9 61 theme heparin 1539:1545 arg1 levels 1529:1534 Therapeutic levels 1517:1534 Therapeutic levels of heparin 1517:1545 Therapeutic levels of heparin may be co-infused when treating emergency bleeds with high prohemostatic drug doses, particularly those recommended in the reversal of non-VKA anticoagulants such as rivaroxaban by PCC. 26916304 2 62 theme heparin 528:534 arg1 supplement 536:545 anticoagulant heparin supplement 514:545 anticoagulant heparin supplement 514:545 The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of anticoagulant heparin supplement on the prohemostatic potential of different PCCs and FIX concentrates. 26916304 2 63 from influence 501:509 arg1 potential 568:576 the prohemostatic potential 550:576 the prohemostatic potential of different PCCs and FIX concentrates 550:615 The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of anticoagulant heparin supplement on the prohemostatic potential of different PCCs and FIX concentrates. 26916304 2 64 theme prohemostatic 554:566 arg1 potential 568:576 the prohemostatic potential 550:576 the prohemostatic potential of different PCCs and FIX concentrates 550:615 The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of anticoagulant heparin supplement on the prohemostatic potential of different PCCs and FIX concentrates. 26916304 7 65 theme 500μg/L 1391:1397 arg1 rivaroxaban 1399:1409 500μg/L rivaroxaban 1391:1409 500μg/L rivaroxaban 1391:1409 Of importance is the notion that the anticoagulant effect of heparin was enhanced by rivaroxaban, resulting in a 7 fold increased PT sensitivity towards heparin in the presence of 500μg/L rivaroxaban. 26916304 4 66 theme Most 884:887 arg1 PCCs 889:892 Most PCCs 884:892 Most PCCs 884:892 RESULTS Most PCCs contained heparin, while heparin was detected in 1 out of 4 examined FIX concentrates. 26916304 0 67 theme concentrate 79:89 arg1 effect 49:54 the prohemostatic effect 31:54 the prohemostatic effect of prothrombin complex concentrate and factor IX concentrate 31:115 Heparin supplement counteracts the prohemostatic effect of prothrombin complex concentrate and factor IX concentrate: An in vitro evaluation. 26916304 5 68 theme therapeutic 1085:1095 arg1 doses 1097:1101 therapeutic doses 1085:1101 therapeutic doses 1085:1101 All heparin-containing clotting factor concentrates showed severely hampered prohemostatic effects when therapeutic doses were added to anticoagulated plasmas. 26916304 9 69 theme emergency 1579:1587 arg1 bleeds 1589:1594 emergency bleeds 1579:1594 emergency bleeds 1579:1594 Therapeutic levels of heparin may be co-infused when treating emergency bleeds with high prohemostatic drug doses, particularly those recommended in the reversal of non-VKA anticoagulants such as rivaroxaban by PCC. 26916304 3 70 theme anticoagulated 843:856 arg1 plasma 775:780 FIX deficient plasma 761:780 FIX deficient plasma 761:780 MATERIALS AND METHODS Prohemostatic potential was evaluated in vitro employing PT/aPTT, thrombography (TGA) and thromboelastography (TEG) with FIX deficient plasma, vitamin K antagonist (VKA)-anticoagulated plasma and plasma anticoagulated with rivaroxaban. 26916304 4 71 theme examined 954:961 arg1 concentrates 967:978 1 out of 4 examined FIX concentrates 943:978 1 out of 4 examined FIX concentrates 943:978 RESULTS Most PCCs contained heparin, while heparin was detected in 1 out of 4 examined FIX concentrates. 26916304 0 72 theme factor 95:100 arg1 IX 102:103 factor IX concentrate 95:115 factor IX concentrate 95:115 Heparin supplement counteracts the prohemostatic effect of prothrombin complex concentrate and factor IX concentrate: An in vitro evaluation. 26916304 1 73 theme factor 167:172 arg1 concentrates 174:185 INTRODUCTION Coagulation factor concentrates 142:185 INTRODUCTION Coagulation factor concentrates like factor IX (FIX) and prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) 142:248 INTRODUCTION Coagulation factor concentrates like factor IX (FIX) and prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) can contain anticoagulant substances that may hamper their procoagulant effectiveness in the treatment of hemophilia B or reversal of oral anticoagulation, as well as the laboratory assessment thereof. 26916304 1 74 theme B 367:367 arg1 reversal 372:379 reversal 372:379 reversal of oral anticoagulation, as well as the laboratory assessment thereof 372:449 INTRODUCTION Coagulation factor concentrates like factor IX (FIX) and prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) can contain anticoagulant substances that may hamper their procoagulant effectiveness in the treatment of hemophilia B or reversal of oral anticoagulation, as well as the laboratory assessment thereof. 26916304 1 74 theme B 367:367 arg1 treatment 343:351 the treatment 339:351 the treatment of hemophilia B 339:367 INTRODUCTION Coagulation factor concentrates like factor IX (FIX) and prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) can contain anticoagulant substances that may hamper their procoagulant effectiveness in the treatment of hemophilia B or reversal of oral anticoagulation, as well as the laboratory assessment thereof. 26916304 2 75 theme study 475:479 arg1 aim 456:458 The aim 452:458 The aim of the present study 452:479 The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of anticoagulant heparin supplement on the prohemostatic potential of different PCCs and FIX concentrates. 26916304 1 76 theme hemophilia 356:365 arg1 B 367:367 hemophilia B 356:367 hemophilia B 356:367 INTRODUCTION Coagulation factor concentrates like factor IX (FIX) and prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) can contain anticoagulant substances that may hamper their procoagulant effectiveness in the treatment of hemophilia B or reversal of oral anticoagulation, as well as the laboratory assessment thereof. 26916304 9 77 theme prohemostatic 1606:1618 arg1 doses 1625:1629 high prohemostatic drug doses 1601:1629 high prohemostatic drug doses 1601:1629 Therapeutic levels of heparin may be co-infused when treating emergency bleeds with high prohemostatic drug doses, particularly those recommended in the reversal of non-VKA anticoagulants such as rivaroxaban by PCC. 26916304 9 77 theme prohemostatic 1606:1618 arg1 those 1645:1649 those 1645:1649 those 1645:1649 Therapeutic levels of heparin may be co-infused when treating emergency bleeds with high prohemostatic drug doses, particularly those recommended in the reversal of non-VKA anticoagulants such as rivaroxaban by PCC. 26916304 3 78 theme -anticoagulated 809:823 arg1 plasma 825:830 vitamin K antagonist (VKA)-anticoagulated plasma 783:830 vitamin K antagonist (VKA)-anticoagulated plasma 783:830 MATERIALS AND METHODS Prohemostatic potential was evaluated in vitro employing PT/aPTT, thrombography (TGA) and thromboelastography (TEG) with FIX deficient plasma, vitamin K antagonist (VKA)-anticoagulated plasma and plasma anticoagulated with rivaroxaban. 26916304 3 79 with anticoagulated 843:856 arg1 rivaroxaban 863:873 rivaroxaban 863:873 rivaroxaban 863:873 MATERIALS AND METHODS Prohemostatic potential was evaluated in vitro employing PT/aPTT, thrombography (TGA) and thromboelastography (TEG) with FIX deficient plasma, vitamin K antagonist (VKA)-anticoagulated plasma and plasma anticoagulated with rivaroxaban. 26916304 7 80 theme importance 1214:1223 arg1 notion 1232:1237 the notion that the anticoagulant effect of heparin was enhanced by rivaroxaban, resulting in a 7 fold increased PT sensitivity towards heparin in the presence of 500μg/L rivaroxaban 1228:1409 the notion that the anticoagulant effect of heparin was enhanced by rivaroxaban, resulting in a 7 fold increased PT sensitivity towards heparin in the presence of 500μg/L rivaroxaban 1228:1409 Of importance is the notion that the anticoagulant effect of heparin was enhanced by rivaroxaban, resulting in a 7 fold increased PT sensitivity towards heparin in the presence of 500μg/L rivaroxaban. 26916304 5 81 theme clotting 1004:1011 arg1 concentrates 1020:1031 All heparin-containing clotting factor concentrates 981:1031 All heparin-containing clotting factor concentrates 981:1031 All heparin-containing clotting factor concentrates showed severely hampered prohemostatic effects when therapeutic doses were added to anticoagulated plasmas. 26916304 7 82 theme increased 1331:1339 arg1 sensitivity 1344:1354 a 7 fold increased PT sensitivity 1322:1354 a 7 fold increased PT sensitivity towards heparin in the presence of 500μg/L rivaroxaban 1322:1409 Of importance is the notion that the anticoagulant effect of heparin was enhanced by rivaroxaban, resulting in a 7 fold increased PT sensitivity towards heparin in the presence of 500μg/L rivaroxaban. 26916304 8 83 theme CONCLUSIONS 1412:1422 arg1 differences 1438:1448 CONCLUSIONS Compositional differences 1412:1448 CONCLUSIONS Compositional differences between clotting factor concentrates 1412:1485 CONCLUSIONS Compositional differences between clotting factor concentrates should be taken into account. 26916304 10 84 theme short 1752:1756 arg1 half-life 1758:1766 the relative short half-life 1739:1766 the relative short half-life of heparin compared to vitamin K-dependent clotting factors 1739:1826 Given the relative short half-life of heparin compared to vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, an anticoagulant heparin effect shortly after concentrate infusion should be considered clinically and while interpreting laboratory coagulation parameters. 26916304 10 85 theme coagulation 1962:1972 arg1 parameters 1974:1983 laboratory coagulation parameters 1951:1983 laboratory coagulation parameters 1951:1983 Given the relative short half-life of heparin compared to vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, an anticoagulant heparin effect shortly after concentrate infusion should be considered clinically and while interpreting laboratory coagulation parameters. 26916304 0 86 theme prothrombin 59:69 arg1 concentrate 79:89 prothrombin complex concentrate 59:89 prothrombin complex concentrate 59:89 Heparin supplement counteracts the prohemostatic effect of prothrombin complex concentrate and factor IX concentrate: An in vitro evaluation. 26916304 1 87 theme procoagulant 309:320 arg1 effectiveness 322:334 their procoagulant effectiveness 303:334 their procoagulant effectiveness 303:334 INTRODUCTION Coagulation factor concentrates like factor IX (FIX) and prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) can contain anticoagulant substances that may hamper their procoagulant effectiveness in the treatment of hemophilia B or reversal of oral anticoagulation, as well as the laboratory assessment thereof. 26916304 6 88 theme comparable 1163:1172 arg1 effects 1188:1194 comparable prohemostatic effects 1163:1194 comparable prohemostatic effects 1163:1194 Upon heparin removal, comparable prohemostatic effects were observed. 26916304 8 89 theme clotting 1458:1465 arg1 concentrates 1474:1485 clotting factor concentrates 1458:1485 clotting factor concentrates 1458:1485 CONCLUSIONS Compositional differences between clotting factor concentrates should be taken into account. 26916304 9 90 theme anticoagulants 1690:1703 arg1 reversal 1670:1677 the reversal 1666:1677 the reversal of non-VKA anticoagulants such as rivaroxaban by PCC 1666:1730 Therapeutic levels of heparin may be co-infused when treating emergency bleeds with high prohemostatic drug doses, particularly those recommended in the reversal of non-VKA anticoagulants such as rivaroxaban by PCC. 26916304 7 91 dep increased 1331:1339 arg1 fold 1326:1329 7 fold 1324:1329 7 fold 1324:1329 Of importance is the notion that the anticoagulant effect of heparin was enhanced by rivaroxaban, resulting in a 7 fold increased PT sensitivity towards heparin in the presence of 500μg/L rivaroxaban. 26916304 10 92 theme clotting 1811:1818 arg1 factors 1820:1826 vitamin K-dependent clotting factors 1791:1826 vitamin K-dependent clotting factors 1791:1826 Given the relative short half-life of heparin compared to vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, an anticoagulant heparin effect shortly after concentrate infusion should be considered clinically and while interpreting laboratory coagulation parameters. 24657196 3 0 theme early 750:754 arg1 stage 756:760 the early stage 746:760 the early stage of setting 746:771 It was found that Si-HPMC could endow composite CPC pastes with an appealing rheological behavior at the early stage of setting, promoting its application in open bone cavities. 24657196 1 1 dep phosphate 329:337 arg1 cements 339:345 cements 339:345 cements 339:345 This study reports on the incorporation of the self-setting polysaccharide derivative hydrogel (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, Si-HPMC) into the formulation of calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) to develop a novel injectable material for bone substitution. 24657196 2 2 theme CPCs 611:614 arg1 cohesion 482:489 cohesion 482:489 cohesion 482:489 The effects of Si-HPMC on the handling properties (injectability, cohesion and setting time) and mechanical properties (Young's modulus, fracture toughness, flexural and compressive strength) of CPCs were systematically studied. 24657196 2 2 theme CPCs 611:614 arg1 time 503:506 setting time 495:506 setting time 495:506 The effects of Si-HPMC on the handling properties (injectability, cohesion and setting time) and mechanical properties (Young's modulus, fracture toughness, flexural and compressive strength) of CPCs were systematically studied. 24657196 2 2 theme CPCs 611:614 arg1 injectability 467:479 injectability 467:479 injectability 467:479 The effects of Si-HPMC on the handling properties (injectability, cohesion and setting time) and mechanical properties (Young's modulus, fracture toughness, flexural and compressive strength) of CPCs were systematically studied. 24657196 2 2 theme CPCs 611:614 arg1 properties 455:464 the handling properties 442:464 the handling properties (injectability, cohesion and setting time) 442:507 The effects of Si-HPMC on the handling properties (injectability, cohesion and setting time) and mechanical properties (Young's modulus, fracture toughness, flexural and compressive strength) of CPCs were systematically studied. 24657196 2 2 theme CPCs 611:614 arg1 properties 524:533 mechanical properties 513:533 mechanical properties (Young's modulus, fracture toughness, flexural and compressive strength) 513:606 The effects of Si-HPMC on the handling properties (injectability, cohesion and setting time) and mechanical properties (Young's modulus, fracture toughness, flexural and compressive strength) of CPCs were systematically studied. 24657196 3 3 theme rheological 722:732 arg1 behavior 734:741 an appealing rheological behavior 709:741 an appealing rheological behavior at the early stage of setting 709:771 It was found that Si-HPMC could endow composite CPC pastes with an appealing rheological behavior at the early stage of setting, promoting its application in open bone cavities. 24657196 3 4 from application 788:798 arg1 cavities 813:820 open bone cavities 803:820 open bone cavities 803:820 It was found that Si-HPMC could endow composite CPC pastes with an appealing rheological behavior at the early stage of setting, promoting its application in open bone cavities. 24657196 5 5 theme toughening 1170:1179 arg1 effect 1199:1204 a strong toughening and strengthening effect 1161:1204 a strong toughening and strengthening effect 1161:1204 Si-HPMC increased the porosity of CPCs after hardening, especially the macroporosity as a result of entrapped air bubbles; however, it improved, rather than compromised, the mechanical properties of composite CPCs, which demonstrates a strong toughening and strengthening effect. 24657196 0 6 theme methylcellulose 76:90 arg1 cement 121:126 A novel injectable, cohesive and toughened Si-HPMC (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) composite calcium phosphate cement 0:126 A novel injectable, cohesive and toughened Si-HPMC (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) composite calcium phosphate cement for bone substitution. 0:149 A novel injectable, cohesive and toughened Si-HPMC (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) composite calcium phosphate cement for bone substitution. 24657196 3 7 theme CPC 693:695 arg1 pastes 697:702 composite CPC pastes 683:702 composite CPC pastes 683:702 It was found that Si-HPMC could endow composite CPC pastes with an appealing rheological behavior at the early stage of setting, promoting its application in open bone cavities. 24657196 4 8 theme CPC 860:862 arg1 injectability 869:881 the composite CPC good injectability 846:881 the composite CPC good injectability 846:881 Moreover, Si-HPMC gave the composite CPC good injectability and cohesion, and reduced the setting time. 24657196 4 9 theme good 864:867 arg1 injectability 869:881 the composite CPC good injectability 846:881 the composite CPC good injectability 846:881 Moreover, Si-HPMC gave the composite CPC good injectability and cohesion, and reduced the setting time. 24657196 0 10 theme calcium 103:109 arg1 cement 121:126 A novel injectable, cohesive and toughened Si-HPMC (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) composite calcium phosphate cement 0:126 A novel injectable, cohesive and toughened Si-HPMC (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) composite calcium phosphate cement for bone substitution. 0:149 A novel injectable, cohesive and toughened Si-HPMC (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) composite calcium phosphate cement for bone substitution. 24657196 1 11 theme novel 367:371 arg1 material 384:391 a novel injectable material 365:391 a novel injectable material for bone substitution 365:413 This study reports on the incorporation of the self-setting polysaccharide derivative hydrogel (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, Si-HPMC) into the formulation of calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) to develop a novel injectable material for bone substitution. 24657196 6 12 theme composite 1241:1249 arg1 promising 1275:1283 promising 1275:1283 promising 1275:1283 In view of the above, the Si-HPMC composite CPC may be particularly promising as bone substitute material for clinic application. 24657196 6 12 theme composite 1241:1249 arg1 CPC 1251:1253 the Si-HPMC composite CPC 1229:1253 the Si-HPMC composite CPC 1229:1253 In view of the above, the Si-HPMC composite CPC may be particularly promising as bone substitute material for clinic application. 24657196 5 13 theme strengthening 1185:1197 arg1 effect 1199:1204 a strong toughening and strengthening effect 1161:1204 a strong toughening and strengthening effect 1161:1204 Si-HPMC increased the porosity of CPCs after hardening, especially the macroporosity as a result of entrapped air bubbles; however, it improved, rather than compromised, the mechanical properties of composite CPCs, which demonstrates a strong toughening and strengthening effect. 24657196 0 14 theme composite 93:101 arg1 cement 121:126 A novel injectable, cohesive and toughened Si-HPMC (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) composite calcium phosphate cement 0:126 A novel injectable, cohesive and toughened Si-HPMC (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) composite calcium phosphate cement for bone substitution. 0:149 A novel injectable, cohesive and toughened Si-HPMC (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) composite calcium phosphate cement for bone substitution. 24657196 1 15 theme injectable 373:382 arg1 material 384:391 a novel injectable material 365:391 a novel injectable material for bone substitution 365:413 This study reports on the incorporation of the self-setting polysaccharide derivative hydrogel (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, Si-HPMC) into the formulation of calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) to develop a novel injectable material for bone substitution. 24657196 6 16 theme Si-HPMC 1233:1239 arg1 promising 1275:1283 promising 1275:1283 promising 1275:1283 In view of the above, the Si-HPMC composite CPC may be particularly promising as bone substitute material for clinic application. 24657196 6 16 theme Si-HPMC 1233:1239 arg1 CPC 1251:1253 the Si-HPMC composite CPC 1229:1253 the Si-HPMC composite CPC 1229:1253 In view of the above, the Si-HPMC composite CPC may be particularly promising as bone substitute material for clinic application. 24657196 5 17 theme CPCs 961:964 arg1 porosity 949:956 the porosity 945:956 the porosity of CPCs 945:964 Si-HPMC increased the porosity of CPCs after hardening, especially the macroporosity as a result of entrapped air bubbles; however, it improved, rather than compromised, the mechanical properties of composite CPCs, which demonstrates a strong toughening and strengthening effect. 24657196 5 17 theme CPCs 961:964 arg1 result 1017:1022 a result 1015:1022 a result of entrapped air bubbles 1015:1047 Si-HPMC increased the porosity of CPCs after hardening, especially the macroporosity as a result of entrapped air bubbles; however, it improved, rather than compromised, the mechanical properties of composite CPCs, which demonstrates a strong toughening and strengthening effect. 24657196 2 18 dep properties 455:464 arg1 cohesion 482:489 cohesion 482:489 cohesion 482:489 The effects of Si-HPMC on the handling properties (injectability, cohesion and setting time) and mechanical properties (Young's modulus, fracture toughness, flexural and compressive strength) of CPCs were systematically studied. 24657196 2 18 dep properties 455:464 arg1 time 503:506 setting time 495:506 setting time 495:506 The effects of Si-HPMC on the handling properties (injectability, cohesion and setting time) and mechanical properties (Young's modulus, fracture toughness, flexural and compressive strength) of CPCs were systematically studied. 24657196 2 18 dep properties 455:464 arg1 injectability 467:479 injectability 467:479 injectability 467:479 The effects of Si-HPMC on the handling properties (injectability, cohesion and setting time) and mechanical properties (Young's modulus, fracture toughness, flexural and compressive strength) of CPCs were systematically studied. 24657196 2 18 dep properties 455:464 arg1 properties 455:464 the handling properties 442:464 the handling properties (injectability, cohesion and setting time) 442:507 The effects of Si-HPMC on the handling properties (injectability, cohesion and setting time) and mechanical properties (Young's modulus, fracture toughness, flexural and compressive strength) of CPCs were systematically studied. 24657196 0 19 theme phosphate 111:119 arg1 cement 121:126 A novel injectable, cohesive and toughened Si-HPMC (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) composite calcium phosphate cement 0:126 A novel injectable, cohesive and toughened Si-HPMC (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) composite calcium phosphate cement for bone substitution. 0:149 A novel injectable, cohesive and toughened Si-HPMC (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) composite calcium phosphate cement for bone substitution. 24657196 3 20 theme appealing 712:720 arg1 behavior 734:741 an appealing rheological behavior 709:741 an appealing rheological behavior at the early stage of setting 709:771 It was found that Si-HPMC could endow composite CPC pastes with an appealing rheological behavior at the early stage of setting, promoting its application in open bone cavities. 24657196 6 21 theme clinic 1317:1322 arg1 application 1324:1334 clinic application 1317:1334 clinic application 1317:1334 In view of the above, the Si-HPMC composite CPC may be particularly promising as bone substitute material for clinic application. 24657196 3 22 theme bone 808:811 arg1 cavities 813:820 open bone cavities 803:820 open bone cavities 803:820 It was found that Si-HPMC could endow composite CPC pastes with an appealing rheological behavior at the early stage of setting, promoting its application in open bone cavities. 24657196 5 23 theme CPCs 1136:1139 arg1 properties 1112:1121 the mechanical properties 1097:1121 the mechanical properties 1097:1121 Si-HPMC increased the porosity of CPCs after hardening, especially the macroporosity as a result of entrapped air bubbles; however, it improved, rather than compromised, the mechanical properties of composite CPCs, which demonstrates a strong toughening and strengthening effect. 24657196 0 24 theme novel 2:6 arg1 cement 121:126 A novel injectable, cohesive and toughened Si-HPMC (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) composite calcium phosphate cement 0:126 A novel injectable, cohesive and toughened Si-HPMC (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) composite calcium phosphate cement for bone substitution. 0:149 A novel injectable, cohesive and toughened Si-HPMC (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) composite calcium phosphate cement for bone substitution. 24657196 1 25 theme bone 397:400 arg1 substitution 402:413 bone substitution 397:413 bone substitution 397:413 This study reports on the incorporation of the self-setting polysaccharide derivative hydrogel (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, Si-HPMC) into the formulation of calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) to develop a novel injectable material for bone substitution. 24657196 3 26 from stage 756:760 arg1 behavior 734:741 an appealing rheological behavior 709:741 an appealing rheological behavior at the early stage of setting 709:771 It was found that Si-HPMC could endow composite CPC pastes with an appealing rheological behavior at the early stage of setting, promoting its application in open bone cavities. 24657196 2 27 theme mechanical 513:522 arg1 properties 524:533 mechanical properties 513:533 mechanical properties (Young's modulus, fracture toughness, flexural and compressive strength) 513:606 The effects of Si-HPMC on the handling properties (injectability, cohesion and setting time) and mechanical properties (Young's modulus, fracture toughness, flexural and compressive strength) of CPCs were systematically studied. 24657196 5 28 theme mechanical 1101:1110 arg1 properties 1112:1121 the mechanical properties 1097:1121 the mechanical properties 1097:1121 Si-HPMC increased the porosity of CPCs after hardening, especially the macroporosity as a result of entrapped air bubbles; however, it improved, rather than compromised, the mechanical properties of composite CPCs, which demonstrates a strong toughening and strengthening effect. 24657196 5 29 theme bubbles 1041:1047 arg1 porosity 949:956 the porosity 945:956 the porosity of CPCs 945:964 Si-HPMC increased the porosity of CPCs after hardening, especially the macroporosity as a result of entrapped air bubbles; however, it improved, rather than compromised, the mechanical properties of composite CPCs, which demonstrates a strong toughening and strengthening effect. 24657196 5 29 theme bubbles 1041:1047 arg1 result 1017:1022 a result 1015:1022 a result of entrapped air bubbles 1015:1047 Si-HPMC increased the porosity of CPCs after hardening, especially the macroporosity as a result of entrapped air bubbles; however, it improved, rather than compromised, the mechanical properties of composite CPCs, which demonstrates a strong toughening and strengthening effect. 24657196 0 30 theme bone 132:135 arg1 substitution 137:148 bone substitution 132:148 bone substitution 132:148 A novel injectable, cohesive and toughened Si-HPMC (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) composite calcium phosphate cement for bone substitution. 24657196 1 31 theme self-setting 198:209 arg1 hydrogel 237:244 the self-setting polysaccharide derivative hydrogel 194:244 the self-setting polysaccharide derivative hydrogel (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, Si-HPMC) 194:295 This study reports on the incorporation of the self-setting polysaccharide derivative hydrogel (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, Si-HPMC) into the formulation of calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) to develop a novel injectable material for bone substitution. 24657196 0 32 theme injectable 8:17 arg1 cement 121:126 A novel injectable, cohesive and toughened Si-HPMC (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) composite calcium phosphate cement 0:126 A novel injectable, cohesive and toughened Si-HPMC (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) composite calcium phosphate cement for bone substitution. 0:149 A novel injectable, cohesive and toughened Si-HPMC (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) composite calcium phosphate cement for bone substitution. 24657196 1 33 theme calcium 321:327 arg1 phosphate 329:337 calcium phosphate 321:337 calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) 321:352 This study reports on the incorporation of the self-setting polysaccharide derivative hydrogel (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, Si-HPMC) into the formulation of calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) to develop a novel injectable material for bone substitution. 24657196 1 33 theme calcium 321:327 arg1 CPCs 348:351 CPCs 348:351 CPCs 348:351 This study reports on the incorporation of the self-setting polysaccharide derivative hydrogel (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, Si-HPMC) into the formulation of calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) to develop a novel injectable material for bone substitution. 24657196 2 34 theme fracture 553:560 arg1 modulus 544:550 Young's modulus 536:550 Young's modulus 536:550 The effects of Si-HPMC on the handling properties (injectability, cohesion and setting time) and mechanical properties (Young's modulus, fracture toughness, flexural and compressive strength) of CPCs were systematically studied. 24657196 2 34 theme fracture 553:560 arg1 toughness 562:570 fracture toughness 553:570 fracture toughness 553:570 The effects of Si-HPMC on the handling properties (injectability, cohesion and setting time) and mechanical properties (Young's modulus, fracture toughness, flexural and compressive strength) of CPCs were systematically studied. 24657196 1 35 theme polysaccharide 211:224 arg1 hydrogel 237:244 the self-setting polysaccharide derivative hydrogel 194:244 the self-setting polysaccharide derivative hydrogel (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, Si-HPMC) 194:295 This study reports on the incorporation of the self-setting polysaccharide derivative hydrogel (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, Si-HPMC) into the formulation of calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) to develop a novel injectable material for bone substitution. 24657196 2 36 theme setting 495:501 arg1 time 503:506 setting time 495:506 setting time 495:506 The effects of Si-HPMC on the handling properties (injectability, cohesion and setting time) and mechanical properties (Young's modulus, fracture toughness, flexural and compressive strength) of CPCs were systematically studied. 24657196 2 36 theme setting 495:501 arg1 properties 455:464 the handling properties 442:464 the handling properties (injectability, cohesion and setting time) 442:507 The effects of Si-HPMC on the handling properties (injectability, cohesion and setting time) and mechanical properties (Young's modulus, fracture toughness, flexural and compressive strength) of CPCs were systematically studied. 24657196 1 37 theme phosphate 329:337 arg1 formulation 306:316 the formulation 302:316 the formulation of calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) 302:352 This study reports on the incorporation of the self-setting polysaccharide derivative hydrogel (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, Si-HPMC) into the formulation of calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) to develop a novel injectable material for bone substitution. 24657196 2 38 theme Si-HPMC 431:437 arg1 effects 420:426 The effects 416:426 The effects of Si-HPMC on the handling properties (injectability, cohesion and setting time) and mechanical properties (Young's modulus, fracture toughness, flexural and compressive strength) of CPCs 416:614 The effects of Si-HPMC on the handling properties (injectability, cohesion and setting time) and mechanical properties (Young's modulus, fracture toughness, flexural and compressive strength) of CPCs were systematically studied. 24657196 1 39 theme derivative 226:235 arg1 hydrogel 237:244 the self-setting polysaccharide derivative hydrogel 194:244 the self-setting polysaccharide derivative hydrogel (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, Si-HPMC) 194:295 This study reports on the incorporation of the self-setting polysaccharide derivative hydrogel (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, Si-HPMC) into the formulation of calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) to develop a novel injectable material for bone substitution. 24657196 0 40 theme cohesive 20:27 arg1 cement 121:126 A novel injectable, cohesive and toughened Si-HPMC (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) composite calcium phosphate cement 0:126 A novel injectable, cohesive and toughened Si-HPMC (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) composite calcium phosphate cement for bone substitution. 0:149 A novel injectable, cohesive and toughened Si-HPMC (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) composite calcium phosphate cement for bone substitution. 24657196 6 41 theme bone 1288:1291 arg1 material 1304:1311 bone substitute material 1288:1311 bone substitute material for clinic application 1288:1334 In view of the above, the Si-HPMC composite CPC may be particularly promising as bone substitute material for clinic application. 24657196 5 42 theme strong 1163:1168 arg1 effect 1199:1204 a strong toughening and strengthening effect 1161:1204 a strong toughening and strengthening effect 1161:1204 Si-HPMC increased the porosity of CPCs after hardening, especially the macroporosity as a result of entrapped air bubbles; however, it improved, rather than compromised, the mechanical properties of composite CPCs, which demonstrates a strong toughening and strengthening effect. 24657196 1 43 theme hydrogel 237:244 arg1 incorporation 177:189 the incorporation 173:189 the incorporation of the self-setting polysaccharide derivative hydrogel (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, Si-HPMC) into the formulation of calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) 173:352 This study reports on the incorporation of the self-setting polysaccharide derivative hydrogel (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, Si-HPMC) into the formulation of calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) to develop a novel injectable material for bone substitution. 24657196 0 44 theme Si-HPMC 43:49 arg1 cement 121:126 A novel injectable, cohesive and toughened Si-HPMC (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) composite calcium phosphate cement 0:126 A novel injectable, cohesive and toughened Si-HPMC (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) composite calcium phosphate cement for bone substitution. 0:149 A novel injectable, cohesive and toughened Si-HPMC (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) composite calcium phosphate cement for bone substitution. 24657196 5 45 theme composite 1126:1134 arg1 CPCs 1136:1139 composite CPCs 1126:1139 composite CPCs 1126:1139 Si-HPMC increased the porosity of CPCs after hardening, especially the macroporosity as a result of entrapped air bubbles; however, it improved, rather than compromised, the mechanical properties of composite CPCs, which demonstrates a strong toughening and strengthening effect. 24657196 2 46 theme compressive 586:596 arg1 strength 598:605 flexural and compressive strength 573:605 flexural and compressive strength 573:605 The effects of Si-HPMC on the handling properties (injectability, cohesion and setting time) and mechanical properties (Young's modulus, fracture toughness, flexural and compressive strength) of CPCs were systematically studied. 24657196 2 46 theme compressive 586:596 arg1 modulus 544:550 Young's modulus 536:550 Young's modulus 536:550 The effects of Si-HPMC on the handling properties (injectability, cohesion and setting time) and mechanical properties (Young's modulus, fracture toughness, flexural and compressive strength) of CPCs were systematically studied. 24657196 6 47 dep material 1304:1311 arg1 substitute 1293:1302 substitute 1293:1302 substitute 1293:1302 In view of the above, the Si-HPMC composite CPC may be particularly promising as bone substitute material for clinic application. 24657196 0 48 theme toughened 33:41 arg1 cement 121:126 A novel injectable, cohesive and toughened Si-HPMC (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) composite calcium phosphate cement 0:126 A novel injectable, cohesive and toughened Si-HPMC (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) composite calcium phosphate cement for bone substitution. 0:149 A novel injectable, cohesive and toughened Si-HPMC (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) composite calcium phosphate cement for bone substitution. 24657196 3 49 theme setting 765:771 arg1 stage 756:760 the early stage 746:760 the early stage of setting 746:771 It was found that Si-HPMC could endow composite CPC pastes with an appealing rheological behavior at the early stage of setting, promoting its application in open bone cavities. 24657196 4 50 theme setting 913:919 arg1 time 921:924 the setting time 909:924 the setting time 909:924 Moreover, Si-HPMC gave the composite CPC good injectability and cohesion, and reduced the setting time. 24657196 5 51 theme entrapped 1027:1035 arg1 bubbles 1041:1047 entrapped air bubbles 1027:1047 entrapped air bubbles 1027:1047 Si-HPMC increased the porosity of CPCs after hardening, especially the macroporosity as a result of entrapped air bubbles; however, it improved, rather than compromised, the mechanical properties of composite CPCs, which demonstrates a strong toughening and strengthening effect. 24657196 5 52 theme air 1037:1039 arg1 bubbles 1041:1047 entrapped air bubbles 1027:1047 entrapped air bubbles 1027:1047 Si-HPMC increased the porosity of CPCs after hardening, especially the macroporosity as a result of entrapped air bubbles; however, it improved, rather than compromised, the mechanical properties of composite CPCs, which demonstrates a strong toughening and strengthening effect. 24657196 2 53 from effects 420:426 arg1 cohesion 482:489 cohesion 482:489 cohesion 482:489 The effects of Si-HPMC on the handling properties (injectability, cohesion and setting time) and mechanical properties (Young's modulus, fracture toughness, flexural and compressive strength) of CPCs were systematically studied. 24657196 2 53 from effects 420:426 arg1 time 503:506 setting time 495:506 setting time 495:506 The effects of Si-HPMC on the handling properties (injectability, cohesion and setting time) and mechanical properties (Young's modulus, fracture toughness, flexural and compressive strength) of CPCs were systematically studied. 24657196 2 53 from effects 420:426 arg1 injectability 467:479 injectability 467:479 injectability 467:479 The effects of Si-HPMC on the handling properties (injectability, cohesion and setting time) and mechanical properties (Young's modulus, fracture toughness, flexural and compressive strength) of CPCs were systematically studied. 24657196 2 53 from effects 420:426 arg1 properties 455:464 the handling properties 442:464 the handling properties (injectability, cohesion and setting time) 442:507 The effects of Si-HPMC on the handling properties (injectability, cohesion and setting time) and mechanical properties (Young's modulus, fracture toughness, flexural and compressive strength) of CPCs were systematically studied. 24657196 2 53 from effects 420:426 arg1 properties 524:533 mechanical properties 513:533 mechanical properties (Young's modulus, fracture toughness, flexural and compressive strength) 513:606 The effects of Si-HPMC on the handling properties (injectability, cohesion and setting time) and mechanical properties (Young's modulus, fracture toughness, flexural and compressive strength) of CPCs were systematically studied. 24657196 6 54 from promising 1275:1283 arg1 view 1210:1213 view 1210:1213 view of the above 1210:1226 In view of the above, the Si-HPMC composite CPC may be particularly promising as bone substitute material for clinic application. 24657196 2 55 theme flexural 573:580 arg1 strength 598:605 flexural and compressive strength 573:605 flexural and compressive strength 573:605 The effects of Si-HPMC on the handling properties (injectability, cohesion and setting time) and mechanical properties (Young's modulus, fracture toughness, flexural and compressive strength) of CPCs were systematically studied. 24657196 2 55 theme flexural 573:580 arg1 modulus 544:550 Young's modulus 536:550 Young's modulus 536:550 The effects of Si-HPMC on the handling properties (injectability, cohesion and setting time) and mechanical properties (Young's modulus, fracture toughness, flexural and compressive strength) of CPCs were systematically studied. 24657196 3 56 theme composite 683:691 arg1 pastes 697:702 composite CPC pastes 683:702 composite CPC pastes 683:702 It was found that Si-HPMC could endow composite CPC pastes with an appealing rheological behavior at the early stage of setting, promoting its application in open bone cavities. 24657196 6 57 theme above 1222:1226 arg1 view 1210:1213 view 1210:1213 view of the above 1210:1226 In view of the above, the Si-HPMC composite CPC may be particularly promising as bone substitute material for clinic application. 24657196 3 58 theme open 803:806 arg1 cavities 813:820 open bone cavities 803:820 open bone cavities 803:820 It was found that Si-HPMC could endow composite CPC pastes with an appealing rheological behavior at the early stage of setting, promoting its application in open bone cavities. 24657196 4 59 theme composite 850:858 arg1 injectability 869:881 the composite CPC good injectability 846:881 the composite CPC good injectability 846:881 Moreover, Si-HPMC gave the composite CPC good injectability and cohesion, and reduced the setting time. 24657196 1 60 dep hydrogel 237:244 arg1 methylcellulose 271:285 silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 247:285 silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 247:285 This study reports on the incorporation of the self-setting polysaccharide derivative hydrogel (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, Si-HPMC) into the formulation of calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) to develop a novel injectable material for bone substitution. 24657196 1 60 dep hydrogel 237:244 arg1 Si-HPMC 288:294 Si-HPMC 288:294 Si-HPMC 288:294 This study reports on the incorporation of the self-setting polysaccharide derivative hydrogel (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, Si-HPMC) into the formulation of calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) to develop a novel injectable material for bone substitution. 24657196 2 61 dep properties 524:533 arg1 modulus 544:550 Young's modulus 536:550 Young's modulus 536:550 The effects of Si-HPMC on the handling properties (injectability, cohesion and setting time) and mechanical properties (Young's modulus, fracture toughness, flexural and compressive strength) of CPCs were systematically studied. 24657196 2 61 dep properties 524:533 arg1 toughness 562:570 fracture toughness 553:570 fracture toughness 553:570 The effects of Si-HPMC on the handling properties (injectability, cohesion and setting time) and mechanical properties (Young's modulus, fracture toughness, flexural and compressive strength) of CPCs were systematically studied. 24657196 2 61 dep properties 524:533 arg1 strength 598:605 flexural and compressive strength 573:605 flexural and compressive strength 573:605 The effects of Si-HPMC on the handling properties (injectability, cohesion and setting time) and mechanical properties (Young's modulus, fracture toughness, flexural and compressive strength) of CPCs were systematically studied. 24657196 1 62 theme silanized-hydroxypropyl 247:269 arg1 methylcellulose 271:285 silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 247:285 silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 247:285 This study reports on the incorporation of the self-setting polysaccharide derivative hydrogel (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, Si-HPMC) into the formulation of calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) to develop a novel injectable material for bone substitution. 24657196 1 62 theme silanized-hydroxypropyl 247:269 arg1 Si-HPMC 288:294 Si-HPMC 288:294 Si-HPMC 288:294 This study reports on the incorporation of the self-setting polysaccharide derivative hydrogel (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, Si-HPMC) into the formulation of calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) to develop a novel injectable material for bone substitution. 24657196 0 63 theme silanized-hydroxypropyl 52:74 arg1 cement 121:126 A novel injectable, cohesive and toughened Si-HPMC (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) composite calcium phosphate cement 0:126 A novel injectable, cohesive and toughened Si-HPMC (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) composite calcium phosphate cement for bone substitution. 0:149 A novel injectable, cohesive and toughened Si-HPMC (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) composite calcium phosphate cement for bone substitution. 24657196 6 64 from view 1210:1213 arg1 promising 1275:1283 promising 1275:1283 promising 1275:1283 In view of the above, the Si-HPMC composite CPC may be particularly promising as bone substitute material for clinic application. 24657196 6 64 from view 1210:1213 arg1 CPC 1251:1253 the Si-HPMC composite CPC 1229:1253 the Si-HPMC composite CPC 1229:1253 In view of the above, the Si-HPMC composite CPC may be particularly promising as bone substitute material for clinic application. 24657196 2 65 theme handling 446:453 arg1 cohesion 482:489 cohesion 482:489 cohesion 482:489 The effects of Si-HPMC on the handling properties (injectability, cohesion and setting time) and mechanical properties (Young's modulus, fracture toughness, flexural and compressive strength) of CPCs were systematically studied. 24657196 2 65 theme handling 446:453 arg1 time 503:506 setting time 495:506 setting time 495:506 The effects of Si-HPMC on the handling properties (injectability, cohesion and setting time) and mechanical properties (Young's modulus, fracture toughness, flexural and compressive strength) of CPCs were systematically studied. 24657196 2 65 theme handling 446:453 arg1 injectability 467:479 injectability 467:479 injectability 467:479 The effects of Si-HPMC on the handling properties (injectability, cohesion and setting time) and mechanical properties (Young's modulus, fracture toughness, flexural and compressive strength) of CPCs were systematically studied. 24657196 2 65 theme handling 446:453 arg1 properties 455:464 the handling properties 442:464 the handling properties (injectability, cohesion and setting time) 442:507 The effects of Si-HPMC on the handling properties (injectability, cohesion and setting time) and mechanical properties (Young's modulus, fracture toughness, flexural and compressive strength) of CPCs were systematically studied. 24657196 2 66 theme Young 536:540 arg1 modulus 544:550 Young's modulus 536:550 Young's modulus 536:550 The effects of Si-HPMC on the handling properties (injectability, cohesion and setting time) and mechanical properties (Young's modulus, fracture toughness, flexural and compressive strength) of CPCs were systematically studied. 24657196 2 66 theme Young 536:540 arg1 toughness 562:570 fracture toughness 553:570 fracture toughness 553:570 The effects of Si-HPMC on the handling properties (injectability, cohesion and setting time) and mechanical properties (Young's modulus, fracture toughness, flexural and compressive strength) of CPCs were systematically studied. 24657196 2 66 theme Young 536:540 arg1 strength 598:605 flexural and compressive strength 573:605 flexural and compressive strength 573:605 The effects of Si-HPMC on the handling properties (injectability, cohesion and setting time) and mechanical properties (Young's modulus, fracture toughness, flexural and compressive strength) of CPCs were systematically studied. 29223115 5 0 theme Cr 1310:1311 arg1 bioavailability 1291:1305 the bioavailability 1287:1305 the bioavailability of Cr(VI) to wheat and earthworms (Eisenia fetida) 1287:1356 CMC-FeS@biochar greatly reduced the bioavailability of Cr(VI) to wheat and earthworms (Eisenia fetida). 29223115 6 1 theme @ 1395:1395 arg1 biochar 1396:1402 CMC-FeS@biochar 1388:1402 CMC-FeS@biochar 1388:1402 Moreover, the application of CMC-FeS@biochar enhanced soil organic matter content and microbial activity. 29223115 4 2 theme dominant 1208:1215 arg1 mechanisms 1217:1226 dominant mechanisms 1208:1226 dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) immobilization 1208:1252 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that CMC-FeS@biochar promoted the conversion of more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) into the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) and that surface sorption and reduction were dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) immobilization. 29223115 4 3 dep promoted 930:937 arg1 VI 1159:1160 VI 1159:1160 VI 1159:1160 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that CMC-FeS@biochar promoted the conversion of more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) into the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) and that surface sorption and reduction were dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) immobilization. 29223115 4 4 theme @ 921:921 arg1 biochar 922:928 CMC-FeS@biochar 914:928 CMC-FeS@biochar 914:928 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that CMC-FeS@biochar promoted the conversion of more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) into the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) and that surface sorption and reduction were dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) immobilization. 29223115 1 5 theme sulfide 192:198 arg1 composite 206:214 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite 118:214 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite (CMC-FeS@biochar) 118:232 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite (CMC-FeS@biochar) was prepared and tested for immobilization of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) in soil. 29223115 1 5 theme sulfide 192:198 arg1 biochar 225:231 CMC-FeS@biochar 217:231 CMC-FeS@biochar 217:231 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite (CMC-FeS@biochar) was prepared and tested for immobilization of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) in soil. 29223115 4 6 theme accessible 1035:1044 arg1 oxides-bound 1068:1079 iron-manganese oxides-bound 1053:1079 iron-manganese oxides-bound 1053:1079 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that CMC-FeS@biochar promoted the conversion of more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) into the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) and that surface sorption and reduction were dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) immobilization. 29223115 4 6 theme accessible 1035:1044 arg1 material-bound 1090:1103 organic material-bound 1082:1103 organic material-bound 1082:1103 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that CMC-FeS@biochar promoted the conversion of more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) into the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) and that surface sorption and reduction were dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) immobilization. 29223115 4 6 theme accessible 1035:1044 arg1 forms 1046:1050 the less accessible forms 1026:1050 the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr 1026:1157 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that CMC-FeS@biochar promoted the conversion of more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) into the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) and that surface sorption and reduction were dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) immobilization. 29223115 3 7 from reduction 636:644 arg1 leachability 709:720 the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability 649:720 the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability 649:720 The composite at a dosage of 2.5 mg per gram soil displayed an enhanced Cr(VI) immobilization efficiency (a 94.7% reduction in the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability and a 95.6% reduction in the CaCl2 extraction) compared to plain biochar and bare FeS. 29223115 3 7 from reduction 636:644 arg1 extraction 757:766 the CaCl2 extraction 747:766 the CaCl2 extraction 747:766 The composite at a dosage of 2.5 mg per gram soil displayed an enhanced Cr(VI) immobilization efficiency (a 94.7% reduction in the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability and a 95.6% reduction in the CaCl2 extraction) compared to plain biochar and bare FeS. 29223115 3 8 theme leaching 677:684 arg1 leachability 709:720 the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability 649:720 the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability 649:720 The composite at a dosage of 2.5 mg per gram soil displayed an enhanced Cr(VI) immobilization efficiency (a 94.7% reduction in the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability and a 95.6% reduction in the CaCl2 extraction) compared to plain biochar and bare FeS. 29223115 1 9 theme FeS 201:203 arg1 composite 206:214 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite 118:214 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite (CMC-FeS@biochar) 118:232 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite (CMC-FeS@biochar) was prepared and tested for immobilization of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) in soil. 29223115 1 9 theme FeS 201:203 arg1 biochar 225:231 CMC-FeS@biochar 217:231 CMC-FeS@biochar 217:231 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite (CMC-FeS@biochar) was prepared and tested for immobilization of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) in soil. 29223115 2 10 theme bare 512:515 arg1 FeS 517:519 bare FeS 512:519 bare FeS 512:519 Results of UV-vis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the backbone of biochar suppressed the aggregation of FeS, resulting in smaller particle size and more sorption sites than bare FeS. 29223115 4 11 theme carbonate-bound 994:1008 arg1 fractions 1010:1018 exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions 977:1018 exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions 977:1018 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that CMC-FeS@biochar promoted the conversion of more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) into the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) and that surface sorption and reduction were dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) immobilization. 29223115 4 11 theme carbonate-bound 994:1008 arg1 Cr 973:974 more accessible Cr 957:974 more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) 957:1019 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that CMC-FeS@biochar promoted the conversion of more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) into the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) and that surface sorption and reduction were dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) immobilization. 29223115 3 12 theme toxicity 653:660 arg1 leachability 709:720 the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability 649:720 the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability 649:720 The composite at a dosage of 2.5 mg per gram soil displayed an enhanced Cr(VI) immobilization efficiency (a 94.7% reduction in the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability and a 95.6% reduction in the CaCl2 extraction) compared to plain biochar and bare FeS. 29223115 6 13 theme microbial 1445:1453 arg1 activity 1455:1462 microbial activity 1445:1462 microbial activity 1445:1462 Moreover, the application of CMC-FeS@biochar enhanced soil organic matter content and microbial activity. 29223115 1 14 theme CMC-FeS 217:223 arg1 composite 206:214 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite 118:214 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite (CMC-FeS@biochar) 118:232 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite (CMC-FeS@biochar) was prepared and tested for immobilization of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) in soil. 29223115 1 14 theme CMC-FeS 217:223 arg1 biochar 225:231 CMC-FeS@biochar 217:231 CMC-FeS@biochar 217:231 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite (CMC-FeS@biochar) was prepared and tested for immobilization of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) in soil. 29223115 4 15 dep Cr 1232:1233 arg1 immobilization 1239:1252 immobilization 1239:1252 Cr(VI) immobilization 1232:1252 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that CMC-FeS@biochar promoted the conversion of more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) into the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) and that surface sorption and reduction were dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) immobilization. 29223115 4 15 dep Cr 1232:1233 arg1 VI 1235:1236 VI 1235:1236 VI 1235:1236 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that CMC-FeS@biochar promoted the conversion of more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) into the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) and that surface sorption and reduction were dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) immobilization. 29223115 4 16 theme organic 1082:1088 arg1 material-bound 1090:1103 organic material-bound 1082:1103 organic material-bound 1082:1103 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that CMC-FeS@biochar promoted the conversion of more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) into the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) and that surface sorption and reduction were dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) immobilization. 29223115 4 16 theme organic 1082:1088 arg1 forms 1046:1050 the less accessible forms 1026:1050 the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr 1026:1157 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that CMC-FeS@biochar promoted the conversion of more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) into the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) and that surface sorption and reduction were dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) immobilization. 29223115 1 17 theme carboxymethyl 136:148 arg1 composite 206:214 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite 118:214 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite (CMC-FeS@biochar) 118:232 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite (CMC-FeS@biochar) was prepared and tested for immobilization of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) in soil. 29223115 1 17 theme carboxymethyl 136:148 arg1 biochar 225:231 CMC-FeS@biochar 217:231 CMC-FeS@biochar 217:231 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite (CMC-FeS@biochar) was prepared and tested for immobilization of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) in soil. 29223115 4 18 theme Sequential 809:818 arg1 procedure 831:839 Sequential extraction procedure 809:839 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) 809:845 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that CMC-FeS@biochar promoted the conversion of more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) into the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) and that surface sorption and reduction were dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) immobilization. 29223115 4 18 theme Sequential 809:818 arg1 SEP 842:844 SEP 842:844 SEP 842:844 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that CMC-FeS@biochar promoted the conversion of more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) into the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) and that surface sorption and reduction were dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) immobilization. 29223115 4 19 dep forms 1046:1050 arg1 oxides-bound 1068:1079 iron-manganese oxides-bound 1053:1079 iron-manganese oxides-bound 1053:1079 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that CMC-FeS@biochar promoted the conversion of more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) into the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) and that surface sorption and reduction were dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) immobilization. 29223115 4 19 dep forms 1046:1050 arg1 material-bound 1090:1103 organic material-bound 1082:1103 organic material-bound 1082:1103 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that CMC-FeS@biochar promoted the conversion of more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) into the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) and that surface sorption and reduction were dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) immobilization. 29223115 4 19 dep forms 1046:1050 arg1 fractions 1119:1127 residual fractions 1110:1127 residual fractions 1110:1127 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that CMC-FeS@biochar promoted the conversion of more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) into the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) and that surface sorption and reduction were dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) immobilization. 29223115 4 19 dep forms 1046:1050 arg1 reduce 1133:1138 reduce 1133:1138 to reduce the toxicity of Cr 1130:1157 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that CMC-FeS@biochar promoted the conversion of more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) into the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) and that surface sorption and reduction were dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) immobilization. 29223115 4 19 dep forms 1046:1050 arg1 forms 1046:1050 the less accessible forms 1026:1050 the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr 1026:1157 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that CMC-FeS@biochar promoted the conversion of more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) into the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) and that surface sorption and reduction were dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) immobilization. 29223115 5 20 dep Cr 1310:1311 arg1 VI 1313:1314 VI 1313:1314 VI 1313:1314 CMC-FeS@biochar greatly reduced the bioavailability of Cr(VI) to wheat and earthworms (Eisenia fetida). 29223115 2 21 theme smaller 461:467 arg1 size 478:481 smaller particle size 461:481 smaller particle size 461:481 Results of UV-vis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the backbone of biochar suppressed the aggregation of FeS, resulting in smaller particle size and more sorption sites than bare FeS. 29223115 7 22 theme " 1551:1551 arg1 potential 1491:1499 the potential 1487:1499 the potential of CMC-FeS@biochar composite 1487:1528 This work highlighted the potential of CMC-FeS@biochar composite as a low-cost, "green", and effective amendment for immobilizing Cr(VI) in contaminated soils and improving soil properties. 29223115 7 22 theme " 1551:1551 arg1 amendment 1568:1576 a low-cost, "green", and effective amendment 1533:1576 a low-cost, "green", and effective amendment for immobilizing Cr(VI) in contaminated soils and improving soil properties 1533:1652 This work highlighted the potential of CMC-FeS@biochar composite as a low-cost, "green", and effective amendment for immobilizing Cr(VI) in contaminated soils and improving soil properties. 29223115 0 23 theme nanoscale 84:92 arg1 composite 107:115 nanoscale iron sulfide composite 84:115 nanoscale iron sulfide composite 84:115 Immobilization of hexavalent chromium in contaminated soils using biochar supported nanoscale iron sulfide composite. 29223115 1 24 theme nanoscale 177:185 arg1 composite 206:214 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite 118:214 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite (CMC-FeS@biochar) 118:232 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite (CMC-FeS@biochar) was prepared and tested for immobilization of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) in soil. 29223115 1 24 theme nanoscale 177:185 arg1 biochar 225:231 CMC-FeS@biochar 217:231 CMC-FeS@biochar 217:231 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite (CMC-FeS@biochar) was prepared and tested for immobilization of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) in soil. 29223115 2 25 theme more 487:490 arg1 sites 501:505 more sorption sites 487:505 more sorption sites than bare FeS 487:519 Results of UV-vis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the backbone of biochar suppressed the aggregation of FeS, resulting in smaller particle size and more sorption sites than bare FeS. 29223115 0 26 from Immobilization 0:13 arg1 soils 54:58 contaminated soils 41:58 contaminated soils using biochar 41:72 Immobilization of hexavalent chromium in contaminated soils using biochar supported nanoscale iron sulfide composite. 29223115 3 27 theme % 732:732 arg1 reduction 734:742 a 95.6% reduction 726:742 a 95.6% reduction in the CaCl2 extraction 726:766 The composite at a dosage of 2.5 mg per gram soil displayed an enhanced Cr(VI) immobilization efficiency (a 94.7% reduction in the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability and a 95.6% reduction in the CaCl2 extraction) compared to plain biochar and bare FeS. 29223115 0 28 theme sulfide 99:105 arg1 composite 107:115 nanoscale iron sulfide composite 84:115 nanoscale iron sulfide composite 84:115 Immobilization of hexavalent chromium in contaminated soils using biochar supported nanoscale iron sulfide composite. 29223115 7 29 theme low-cost 1535:1542 arg1 potential 1491:1499 the potential 1487:1499 the potential of CMC-FeS@biochar composite 1487:1528 This work highlighted the potential of CMC-FeS@biochar composite as a low-cost, "green", and effective amendment for immobilizing Cr(VI) in contaminated soils and improving soil properties. 29223115 7 29 theme low-cost 1535:1542 arg1 amendment 1568:1576 a low-cost, "green", and effective amendment 1533:1576 a low-cost, "green", and effective amendment for immobilizing Cr(VI) in contaminated soils and improving soil properties 1533:1652 This work highlighted the potential of CMC-FeS@biochar composite as a low-cost, "green", and effective amendment for immobilizing Cr(VI) in contaminated soils and improving soil properties. 29223115 4 30 theme photoelectron 857:869 arg1 XPS 885:887 XPS 885:887 XPS 885:887 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that CMC-FeS@biochar promoted the conversion of more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) into the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) and that surface sorption and reduction were dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) immobilization. 29223115 4 30 theme photoelectron 857:869 arg1 spectroscopy 871:882 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 851:882 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 851:888 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that CMC-FeS@biochar promoted the conversion of more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) into the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) and that surface sorption and reduction were dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) immobilization. 29223115 6 31 theme organic 1418:1424 arg1 matter 1426:1431 soil organic matter 1413:1431 soil organic matter content 1413:1439 Moreover, the application of CMC-FeS@biochar enhanced soil organic matter content and microbial activity. 29223115 3 32 theme CaCl2 751:755 arg1 extraction 757:766 the CaCl2 extraction 747:766 the CaCl2 extraction 747:766 The composite at a dosage of 2.5 mg per gram soil displayed an enhanced Cr(VI) immobilization efficiency (a 94.7% reduction in the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability and a 95.6% reduction in the CaCl2 extraction) compared to plain biochar and bare FeS. 29223115 3 33 theme bare 799:802 arg1 FeS 804:806 bare FeS 799:806 bare FeS 799:806 The composite at a dosage of 2.5 mg per gram soil displayed an enhanced Cr(VI) immobilization efficiency (a 94.7% reduction in the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability and a 95.6% reduction in the CaCl2 extraction) compared to plain biochar and bare FeS. 29223115 4 34 theme residual 1110:1117 arg1 fractions 1119:1127 residual fractions 1110:1127 residual fractions 1110:1127 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that CMC-FeS@biochar promoted the conversion of more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) into the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) and that surface sorption and reduction were dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) immobilization. 29223115 2 35 theme microscopy 360:369 arg1 Results 316:322 Results 316:322 Results of UV-vis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 316:375 Results of UV-vis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the backbone of biochar suppressed the aggregation of FeS, resulting in smaller particle size and more sorption sites than bare FeS. 29223115 3 36 dep efficiency 616:625 arg1 VI 597:598 VI 597:598 VI 597:598 The composite at a dosage of 2.5 mg per gram soil displayed an enhanced Cr(VI) immobilization efficiency (a 94.7% reduction in the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability and a 95.6% reduction in the CaCl2 extraction) compared to plain biochar and bare FeS. 29223115 7 37 theme biochar 1512:1518 arg1 composite 1520:1528 CMC-FeS@biochar composite 1504:1528 CMC-FeS@biochar composite 1504:1528 This work highlighted the potential of CMC-FeS@biochar composite as a low-cost, "green", and effective amendment for immobilizing Cr(VI) in contaminated soils and improving soil properties. 29223115 0 38 theme hexavalent 18:27 arg1 chromium 29:36 hexavalent chromium 18:36 hexavalent chromium 18:36 Immobilization of hexavalent chromium in contaminated soils using biochar supported nanoscale iron sulfide composite. 29223115 1 39 theme hexavalent 280:289 arg1 Cr 300:301 hexavalent chromium Cr 280:301 hexavalent chromium Cr 280:301 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite (CMC-FeS@biochar) was prepared and tested for immobilization of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) in soil. 29223115 1 40 theme Biochar 118:124 arg1 composite 206:214 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite 118:214 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite (CMC-FeS@biochar) 118:232 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite (CMC-FeS@biochar) was prepared and tested for immobilization of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) in soil. 29223115 1 40 theme Biochar 118:124 arg1 biochar 225:231 CMC-FeS@biochar 217:231 CMC-FeS@biochar 217:231 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite (CMC-FeS@biochar) was prepared and tested for immobilization of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) in soil. 29223115 7 41 theme CMC-FeS 1504:1510 arg1 composite 1520:1528 CMC-FeS@biochar composite 1504:1528 CMC-FeS@biochar composite 1504:1528 This work highlighted the potential of CMC-FeS@biochar composite as a low-cost, "green", and effective amendment for immobilizing Cr(VI) in contaminated soils and improving soil properties. 29223115 2 42 theme FeS 443:445 arg1 aggregation 428:438 the aggregation 424:438 the aggregation of FeS 424:445 Results of UV-vis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the backbone of biochar suppressed the aggregation of FeS, resulting in smaller particle size and more sorption sites than bare FeS. 29223115 1 43 dep soil 310:313 arg1 VI 303:304 VI 303:304 VI 303:304 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite (CMC-FeS@biochar) was prepared and tested for immobilization of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) in soil. 29223115 3 44 theme Cr 594:595 arg1 efficiency 616:625 an enhanced Cr(VI) immobilization efficiency 582:625 an enhanced Cr(VI) immobilization efficiency 582:625 The composite at a dosage of 2.5 mg per gram soil displayed an enhanced Cr(VI) immobilization efficiency (a 94.7% reduction in the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability and a 95.6% reduction in the CaCl2 extraction) compared to plain biochar and bare FeS. 29223115 1 45 theme Cr 300:301 arg1 immobilization 262:275 immobilization 262:275 immobilization of hexavalent chromium Cr 262:301 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite (CMC-FeS@biochar) was prepared and tested for immobilization of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) in soil. 29223115 4 46 theme CMC-FeS 914:920 arg1 biochar 922:928 CMC-FeS@biochar 914:928 CMC-FeS@biochar 914:928 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that CMC-FeS@biochar promoted the conversion of more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) into the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) and that surface sorption and reduction were dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) immobilization. 29223115 4 47 theme surface 1172:1178 arg1 sorption 1180:1187 surface sorption 1172:1187 surface sorption 1172:1187 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that CMC-FeS@biochar promoted the conversion of more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) into the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) and that surface sorption and reduction were dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) immobilization. 29223115 5 48 theme @ 1262:1262 arg1 biochar 1263:1269 CMC-FeS@biochar 1255:1269 CMC-FeS@biochar 1255:1269 CMC-FeS@biochar greatly reduced the bioavailability of Cr(VI) to wheat and earthworms (Eisenia fetida). 29223115 4 49 theme Cr 1156:1157 arg1 toxicity 1144:1151 the toxicity 1140:1151 the toxicity of Cr 1140:1157 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that CMC-FeS@biochar promoted the conversion of more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) into the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) and that surface sorption and reduction were dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) immobilization. 29223115 1 50 theme @ 224:224 arg1 composite 206:214 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite 118:214 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite (CMC-FeS@biochar) 118:232 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite (CMC-FeS@biochar) was prepared and tested for immobilization of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) in soil. 29223115 1 50 theme @ 224:224 arg1 biochar 225:231 CMC-FeS@biochar 217:231 CMC-FeS@biochar 217:231 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite (CMC-FeS@biochar) was prepared and tested for immobilization of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) in soil. 29223115 7 51 theme soil 1638:1641 arg1 properties 1643:1652 soil properties 1638:1652 soil properties 1638:1652 This work highlighted the potential of CMC-FeS@biochar composite as a low-cost, "green", and effective amendment for immobilizing Cr(VI) in contaminated soils and improving soil properties. 29223115 2 52 theme transmission 338:349 arg1 TEM 372:374 TEM 372:374 TEM 372:374 Results of UV-vis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the backbone of biochar suppressed the aggregation of FeS, resulting in smaller particle size and more sorption sites than bare FeS. 29223115 2 52 theme transmission 338:349 arg1 microscopy 360:369 UV-vis and transmission electron microscopy 327:369 microscopy 360:369 Results of UV-vis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the backbone of biochar suppressed the aggregation of FeS, resulting in smaller particle size and more sorption sites than bare FeS. 29223115 2 53 theme UV-vis 327:332 arg1 TEM 372:374 TEM 372:374 TEM 372:374 Results of UV-vis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the backbone of biochar suppressed the aggregation of FeS, resulting in smaller particle size and more sorption sites than bare FeS. 29223115 2 53 theme UV-vis 327:332 arg1 microscopy 360:369 UV-vis and transmission electron microscopy 327:369 microscopy 360:369 Results of UV-vis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the backbone of biochar suppressed the aggregation of FeS, resulting in smaller particle size and more sorption sites than bare FeS. 29223115 7 54 theme contaminated 1605:1616 arg1 soils 1618:1622 contaminated soils 1605:1622 contaminated soils 1605:1622 This work highlighted the potential of CMC-FeS@biochar composite as a low-cost, "green", and effective amendment for immobilizing Cr(VI) in contaminated soils and improving soil properties. 29223115 4 55 theme accessible 962:971 arg1 fractions 1010:1018 exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions 977:1018 exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions 977:1018 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that CMC-FeS@biochar promoted the conversion of more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) into the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) and that surface sorption and reduction were dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) immobilization. 29223115 4 55 theme accessible 962:971 arg1 Cr 973:974 more accessible Cr 957:974 more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) 957:1019 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that CMC-FeS@biochar promoted the conversion of more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) into the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) and that surface sorption and reduction were dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) immobilization. 29223115 6 56 theme CMC-FeS 1388:1394 arg1 biochar 1396:1402 CMC-FeS@biochar 1388:1402 CMC-FeS@biochar 1388:1402 Moreover, the application of CMC-FeS@biochar enhanced soil organic matter content and microbial activity. 29223115 1 57 theme iron 187:190 arg1 composite 206:214 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite 118:214 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite (CMC-FeS@biochar) 118:232 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite (CMC-FeS@biochar) was prepared and tested for immobilization of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) in soil. 29223115 1 57 theme iron 187:190 arg1 biochar 225:231 CMC-FeS@biochar 217:231 CMC-FeS@biochar 217:231 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite (CMC-FeS@biochar) was prepared and tested for immobilization of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) in soil. 29223115 3 58 theme procedure 686:694 arg1 leachability 709:720 the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability 649:720 the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability 649:720 The composite at a dosage of 2.5 mg per gram soil displayed an enhanced Cr(VI) immobilization efficiency (a 94.7% reduction in the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability and a 95.6% reduction in the CaCl2 extraction) compared to plain biochar and bare FeS. 29223115 4 59 theme extraction 820:829 arg1 procedure 831:839 Sequential extraction procedure 809:839 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) 809:845 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that CMC-FeS@biochar promoted the conversion of more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) into the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) and that surface sorption and reduction were dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) immobilization. 29223115 4 59 theme extraction 820:829 arg1 SEP 842:844 SEP 842:844 SEP 842:844 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that CMC-FeS@biochar promoted the conversion of more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) into the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) and that surface sorption and reduction were dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) immobilization. 29223115 3 60 theme characteristic 662:675 arg1 leachability 709:720 the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability 649:720 the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability 649:720 The composite at a dosage of 2.5 mg per gram soil displayed an enhanced Cr(VI) immobilization efficiency (a 94.7% reduction in the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability and a 95.6% reduction in the CaCl2 extraction) compared to plain biochar and bare FeS. 29223115 2 61 theme sorption 492:499 arg1 sites 501:505 more sorption sites 487:505 more sorption sites than bare FeS 487:519 Results of UV-vis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the backbone of biochar suppressed the aggregation of FeS, resulting in smaller particle size and more sorption sites than bare FeS. 29223115 3 62 theme based 703:707 arg1 leachability 709:720 the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability 649:720 the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability 649:720 The composite at a dosage of 2.5 mg per gram soil displayed an enhanced Cr(VI) immobilization efficiency (a 94.7% reduction in the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability and a 95.6% reduction in the CaCl2 extraction) compared to plain biochar and bare FeS. 29223115 7 63 dep soils 1618:1622 arg1 VI 1598:1599 VI 1598:1599 VI 1598:1599 This work highlighted the potential of CMC-FeS@biochar composite as a low-cost, "green", and effective amendment for immobilizing Cr(VI) in contaminated soils and improving soil properties. 29223115 1 64 theme supported 126:134 arg1 composite 206:214 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite 118:214 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite (CMC-FeS@biochar) 118:232 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite (CMC-FeS@biochar) was prepared and tested for immobilization of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) in soil. 29223115 1 64 theme supported 126:134 arg1 biochar 225:231 CMC-FeS@biochar 217:231 CMC-FeS@biochar 217:231 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite (CMC-FeS@biochar) was prepared and tested for immobilization of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) in soil. 29223115 4 65 theme procedure 831:839 arg1 analysis 890:897 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis 809:897 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis 809:897 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that CMC-FeS@biochar promoted the conversion of more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) into the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) and that surface sorption and reduction were dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) immobilization. 29223115 3 66 theme immobilization 601:614 arg1 efficiency 616:625 an enhanced Cr(VI) immobilization efficiency 582:625 an enhanced Cr(VI) immobilization efficiency 582:625 The composite at a dosage of 2.5 mg per gram soil displayed an enhanced Cr(VI) immobilization efficiency (a 94.7% reduction in the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability and a 95.6% reduction in the CaCl2 extraction) compared to plain biochar and bare FeS. 29223115 3 67 theme TCLP 697:700 arg1 leachability 709:720 the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability 649:720 the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability 649:720 The composite at a dosage of 2.5 mg per gram soil displayed an enhanced Cr(VI) immobilization efficiency (a 94.7% reduction in the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability and a 95.6% reduction in the CaCl2 extraction) compared to plain biochar and bare FeS. 29223115 3 68 theme gram 562:565 arg1 soil 567:570 gram soil 562:570 gram soil 562:570 The composite at a dosage of 2.5 mg per gram soil displayed an enhanced Cr(VI) immobilization efficiency (a 94.7% reduction in the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability and a 95.6% reduction in the CaCl2 extraction) compared to plain biochar and bare FeS. 29223115 6 69 theme matter 1426:1431 arg1 content 1433:1439 soil organic matter content 1413:1439 soil organic matter content 1413:1439 Moreover, the application of CMC-FeS@biochar enhanced soil organic matter content and microbial activity. 29223115 1 70 theme cellulose 150:158 arg1 composite 206:214 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite 118:214 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite (CMC-FeS@biochar) 118:232 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite (CMC-FeS@biochar) was prepared and tested for immobilization of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) in soil. 29223115 1 70 theme cellulose 150:158 arg1 biochar 225:231 CMC-FeS@biochar 217:231 CMC-FeS@biochar 217:231 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite (CMC-FeS@biochar) was prepared and tested for immobilization of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) in soil. 29223115 4 71 theme iron-manganese 1053:1066 arg1 oxides-bound 1068:1079 iron-manganese oxides-bound 1053:1079 iron-manganese oxides-bound 1053:1079 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that CMC-FeS@biochar promoted the conversion of more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) into the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) and that surface sorption and reduction were dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) immobilization. 29223115 4 71 theme iron-manganese 1053:1066 arg1 forms 1046:1050 the less accessible forms 1026:1050 the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr 1026:1157 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that CMC-FeS@biochar promoted the conversion of more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) into the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) and that surface sorption and reduction were dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) immobilization. 29223115 3 72 theme 2.5 mg 551:556 arg1 dosage 541:546 a dosage 539:546 a dosage of 2.5 mg 539:556 The composite at a dosage of 2.5 mg per gram soil displayed an enhanced Cr(VI) immobilization efficiency (a 94.7% reduction in the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability and a 95.6% reduction in the CaCl2 extraction) compared to plain biochar and bare FeS. 29223115 6 73 theme soil 1413:1416 arg1 matter 1426:1431 soil organic matter 1413:1431 soil organic matter content 1413:1439 Moreover, the application of CMC-FeS@biochar enhanced soil organic matter content and microbial activity. 29223115 1 74 theme CMC 161:163 arg1 composite 206:214 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite 118:214 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite (CMC-FeS@biochar) 118:232 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite (CMC-FeS@biochar) was prepared and tested for immobilization of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) in soil. 29223115 1 74 theme CMC 161:163 arg1 biochar 225:231 CMC-FeS@biochar 217:231 CMC-FeS@biochar 217:231 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite (CMC-FeS@biochar) was prepared and tested for immobilization of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) in soil. 29223115 7 75 theme effective 1558:1566 arg1 potential 1491:1499 the potential 1487:1499 the potential of CMC-FeS@biochar composite 1487:1528 This work highlighted the potential of CMC-FeS@biochar composite as a low-cost, "green", and effective amendment for immobilizing Cr(VI) in contaminated soils and improving soil properties. 29223115 7 75 theme effective 1558:1566 arg1 amendment 1568:1576 a low-cost, "green", and effective amendment 1533:1576 a low-cost, "green", and effective amendment for immobilizing Cr(VI) in contaminated soils and improving soil properties 1533:1652 This work highlighted the potential of CMC-FeS@biochar composite as a low-cost, "green", and effective amendment for immobilizing Cr(VI) in contaminated soils and improving soil properties. 29223115 4 76 theme spectroscopy 871:882 arg1 analysis 890:897 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis 809:897 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis 809:897 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that CMC-FeS@biochar promoted the conversion of more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) into the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) and that surface sorption and reduction were dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) immobilization. 29223115 3 77 dep displayed 572:580 arg1 reduction 636:644 a 94.7% reduction 628:644 a 94.7% reduction in the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability 628:720 The composite at a dosage of 2.5 mg per gram soil displayed an enhanced Cr(VI) immobilization efficiency (a 94.7% reduction in the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability and a 95.6% reduction in the CaCl2 extraction) compared to plain biochar and bare FeS. 29223115 3 77 dep displayed 572:580 arg1 reduction 734:742 a 95.6% reduction 726:742 a 95.6% reduction in the CaCl2 extraction 726:766 The composite at a dosage of 2.5 mg per gram soil displayed an enhanced Cr(VI) immobilization efficiency (a 94.7% reduction in the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability and a 95.6% reduction in the CaCl2 extraction) compared to plain biochar and bare FeS. 29223115 0 78 theme iron 94:97 arg1 composite 107:115 nanoscale iron sulfide composite 84:115 nanoscale iron sulfide composite 84:115 Immobilization of hexavalent chromium in contaminated soils using biochar supported nanoscale iron sulfide composite. 29223115 6 79 theme biochar 1396:1402 arg1 application 1373:1383 the application 1369:1383 the application of CMC-FeS@biochar 1369:1402 Moreover, the application of CMC-FeS@biochar enhanced soil organic matter content and microbial activity. 29223115 1 80 theme -stabilized 165:175 arg1 composite 206:214 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite 118:214 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite (CMC-FeS@biochar) 118:232 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite (CMC-FeS@biochar) was prepared and tested for immobilization of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) in soil. 29223115 1 80 theme -stabilized 165:175 arg1 biochar 225:231 CMC-FeS@biochar 217:231 CMC-FeS@biochar 217:231 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite (CMC-FeS@biochar) was prepared and tested for immobilization of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) in soil. 29223115 5 81 theme Eisenia 1342:1348 arg1 earthworms 1330:1339 earthworms 1330:1339 earthworms (Eisenia fetida) 1330:1356 CMC-FeS@biochar greatly reduced the bioavailability of Cr(VI) to wheat and earthworms (Eisenia fetida). 29223115 5 81 theme Eisenia 1342:1348 arg1 fetida 1350:1355 Eisenia fetida 1342:1355 Eisenia fetida 1342:1355 CMC-FeS@biochar greatly reduced the bioavailability of Cr(VI) to wheat and earthworms (Eisenia fetida). 29223115 3 82 theme plain 781:785 arg1 biochar 787:793 plain biochar 781:793 plain biochar 781:793 The composite at a dosage of 2.5 mg per gram soil displayed an enhanced Cr(VI) immobilization efficiency (a 94.7% reduction in the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability and a 95.6% reduction in the CaCl2 extraction) compared to plain biochar and bare FeS. 29223115 2 83 theme particle 469:476 arg1 size 478:481 smaller particle size 461:481 smaller particle size 461:481 Results of UV-vis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the backbone of biochar suppressed the aggregation of FeS, resulting in smaller particle size and more sorption sites than bare FeS. 29223115 2 84 theme biochar 405:411 arg1 backbone 393:400 the backbone 389:400 the backbone of biochar 389:411 Results of UV-vis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the backbone of biochar suppressed the aggregation of FeS, resulting in smaller particle size and more sorption sites than bare FeS. 29223115 2 85 theme electron 351:358 arg1 TEM 372:374 TEM 372:374 TEM 372:374 Results of UV-vis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the backbone of biochar suppressed the aggregation of FeS, resulting in smaller particle size and more sorption sites than bare FeS. 29223115 2 85 theme electron 351:358 arg1 microscopy 360:369 UV-vis and transmission electron microscopy 327:369 microscopy 360:369 Results of UV-vis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the backbone of biochar suppressed the aggregation of FeS, resulting in smaller particle size and more sorption sites than bare FeS. 29223115 0 86 theme chromium 29:36 arg1 Immobilization 0:13 Immobilization 0:13 Immobilization of hexavalent chromium in contaminated soils using biochar 0:72 Immobilization of hexavalent chromium in contaminated soils using biochar supported nanoscale iron sulfide composite. 29223115 7 87 theme composite 1520:1528 arg1 amendment 1568:1576 a low-cost, "green", and effective amendment 1533:1576 a low-cost, "green", and effective amendment for immobilizing Cr(VI) in contaminated soils and improving soil properties 1533:1652 This work highlighted the potential of CMC-FeS@biochar composite as a low-cost, "green", and effective amendment for immobilizing Cr(VI) in contaminated soils and improving soil properties. 29223115 7 87 theme composite 1520:1528 arg1 potential 1491:1499 the potential 1487:1499 the potential of CMC-FeS@biochar composite 1487:1528 This work highlighted the potential of CMC-FeS@biochar composite as a low-cost, "green", and effective amendment for immobilizing Cr(VI) in contaminated soils and improving soil properties. 29223115 3 88 from reduction 734:742 arg1 leachability 709:720 the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability 649:720 the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability 649:720 The composite at a dosage of 2.5 mg per gram soil displayed an enhanced Cr(VI) immobilization efficiency (a 94.7% reduction in the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability and a 95.6% reduction in the CaCl2 extraction) compared to plain biochar and bare FeS. 29223115 3 88 from reduction 734:742 arg1 extraction 757:766 the CaCl2 extraction 747:766 the CaCl2 extraction 747:766 The composite at a dosage of 2.5 mg per gram soil displayed an enhanced Cr(VI) immobilization efficiency (a 94.7% reduction in the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability and a 95.6% reduction in the CaCl2 extraction) compared to plain biochar and bare FeS. 29223115 3 89 theme enhanced 585:592 arg1 efficiency 616:625 an enhanced Cr(VI) immobilization efficiency 582:625 an enhanced Cr(VI) immobilization efficiency 582:625 The composite at a dosage of 2.5 mg per gram soil displayed an enhanced Cr(VI) immobilization efficiency (a 94.7% reduction in the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability and a 95.6% reduction in the CaCl2 extraction) compared to plain biochar and bare FeS. 29223115 3 90 from dosage 541:546 arg1 composite 526:534 The composite 522:534 The composite at a dosage of 2.5 mg per gram soil 522:570 The composite at a dosage of 2.5 mg per gram soil displayed an enhanced Cr(VI) immobilization efficiency (a 94.7% reduction in the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability and a 95.6% reduction in the CaCl2 extraction) compared to plain biochar and bare FeS. 29223115 0 91 theme contaminated 41:52 arg1 soils 54:58 contaminated soils 41:58 contaminated soils using biochar 41:72 Immobilization of hexavalent chromium in contaminated soils using biochar supported nanoscale iron sulfide composite. 29223115 1 92 theme chromium 291:298 arg1 Cr 300:301 hexavalent chromium Cr 280:301 hexavalent chromium Cr 280:301 Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite (CMC-FeS@biochar) was prepared and tested for immobilization of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) in soil. 29223115 7 93 theme @ 1511:1511 arg1 composite 1520:1528 CMC-FeS@biochar composite 1504:1528 CMC-FeS@biochar composite 1504:1528 This work highlighted the potential of CMC-FeS@biochar composite as a low-cost, "green", and effective amendment for immobilizing Cr(VI) in contaminated soils and improving soil properties. 29223115 5 94 theme CMC-FeS 1255:1261 arg1 biochar 1263:1269 CMC-FeS@biochar 1255:1269 CMC-FeS@biochar 1255:1269 CMC-FeS@biochar greatly reduced the bioavailability of Cr(VI) to wheat and earthworms (Eisenia fetida). 29223115 4 95 theme X-ray 851:855 arg1 XPS 885:887 XPS 885:887 XPS 885:887 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that CMC-FeS@biochar promoted the conversion of more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) into the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) and that surface sorption and reduction were dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) immobilization. 29223115 4 95 theme X-ray 851:855 arg1 spectroscopy 871:882 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 851:882 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 851:888 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that CMC-FeS@biochar promoted the conversion of more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) into the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) and that surface sorption and reduction were dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) immobilization. 29223115 4 96 theme Cr 973:974 arg1 conversion 943:952 the conversion 939:952 the conversion of more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) into the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr 939:1157 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that CMC-FeS@biochar promoted the conversion of more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) into the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) and that surface sorption and reduction were dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) immobilization. 29223115 4 97 theme exchangeable 977:988 arg1 fractions 1010:1018 exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions 977:1018 exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions 977:1018 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that CMC-FeS@biochar promoted the conversion of more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) into the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) and that surface sorption and reduction were dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) immobilization. 29223115 4 97 theme exchangeable 977:988 arg1 Cr 973:974 more accessible Cr 957:974 more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) 957:1019 Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that CMC-FeS@biochar promoted the conversion of more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) into the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) and that surface sorption and reduction were dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) immobilization. 29223115 3 98 theme % 634:634 arg1 reduction 636:644 a 94.7% reduction 628:644 a 94.7% reduction in the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability 628:720 The composite at a dosage of 2.5 mg per gram soil displayed an enhanced Cr(VI) immobilization efficiency (a 94.7% reduction in the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability and a 95.6% reduction in the CaCl2 extraction) compared to plain biochar and bare FeS. 26451883 0 0 theme Escherichia 96:106 arg1 O160 113:116 Escherichia coli O160 96:116 Escherichia coli O160 96:116 Structure and genetics of biosynthesis of the glycosyl phosphate-containing O-polysaccharide of Escherichia coli O160. 26451883 2 1 theme branched 475:482 arg1 unit 510:513 the branched pentasaccharide repeating unit 471:513 the branched pentasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide 471:537 The resultant oligosaccharide and the alkali-treated lipopolysaccharide were studied by sugar analysis along with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopies, and the following structure of the branched pentasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide was established: The O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O160 was found to be consistent with the O-polysaccharide structure established. 26451883 1 2 theme Escherichia 173:183 arg1 O160 190:193 Escherichia coli O160 173:193 Escherichia coli O160 173:193 On mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O160, the O-polysaccharide was cleaved by acid-labile glycosyl phosphate linkages in the main chain. 26451883 0 3 theme O160 113:116 arg1 O-polysaccharide 76:91 the glycosyl phosphate-containing O-polysaccharide 42:91 the glycosyl phosphate-containing O-polysaccharide of Escherichia coli O160 42:116 Structure and genetics of biosynthesis of the glycosyl phosphate-containing O-polysaccharide of Escherichia coli O160. 26451883 2 4 theme O160 594:597 arg1 consistent 615:624 consistent 615:624 consistent 615:624 The resultant oligosaccharide and the alkali-treated lipopolysaccharide were studied by sugar analysis along with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopies, and the following structure of the branched pentasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide was established: The O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O160 was found to be consistent with the O-polysaccharide structure established. 26451883 2 4 theme O160 594:597 arg1 cluster 575:581 The O-antigen gene cluster 556:581 The O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O160 556:597 The resultant oligosaccharide and the alkali-treated lipopolysaccharide were studied by sugar analysis along with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopies, and the following structure of the branched pentasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide was established: The O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O160 was found to be consistent with the O-polysaccharide structure established. 26451883 1 5 theme main 279:282 arg1 chain 284:288 the main chain 275:288 the main chain 275:288 On mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O160, the O-polysaccharide was cleaved by acid-labile glycosyl phosphate linkages in the main chain. 26451883 2 6 theme O-polysaccharide 635:650 arg1 structure 652:660 the O-polysaccharide structure 631:660 the O-polysaccharide structure established 631:672 The resultant oligosaccharide and the alkali-treated lipopolysaccharide were studied by sugar analysis along with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopies, and the following structure of the branched pentasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide was established: The O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O160 was found to be consistent with the O-polysaccharide structure established. 26451883 2 7 theme resultant 295:303 arg1 oligosaccharide 305:319 The resultant oligosaccharide 291:319 The resultant oligosaccharide 291:319 The resultant oligosaccharide and the alkali-treated lipopolysaccharide were studied by sugar analysis along with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopies, and the following structure of the branched pentasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide was established: The O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O160 was found to be consistent with the O-polysaccharide structure established. 26451883 1 8 theme mild 122:125 arg1 degradation 132:142 mild acid degradation 122:142 mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O160 122:193 On mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O160, the O-polysaccharide was cleaved by acid-labile glycosyl phosphate linkages in the main chain. 26451883 2 9 theme unit 510:513 arg1 structure 458:466 the following structure 444:466 the following structure of the branched pentasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide 444:537 The resultant oligosaccharide and the alkali-treated lipopolysaccharide were studied by sugar analysis along with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopies, and the following structure of the branched pentasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide was established: The O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O160 was found to be consistent with the O-polysaccharide structure established. 26451883 1 10 theme O160 190:193 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 151:168 the lipopolysaccharide 147:168 the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O160 147:193 On mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O160, the O-polysaccharide was cleaved by acid-labile glycosyl phosphate linkages in the main chain. 26451883 0 11 theme O-polysaccharide 76:91 arg1 biosynthesis 26:37 biosynthesis 26:37 biosynthesis of the glycosyl phosphate-containing O-polysaccharide of Escherichia coli O160 26:116 Structure and genetics of biosynthesis of the glycosyl phosphate-containing O-polysaccharide of Escherichia coli O160. 26451883 0 12 dep Escherichia 96:106 arg1 coli 108:111 coli 108:111 coli 108:111 Structure and genetics of biosynthesis of the glycosyl phosphate-containing O-polysaccharide of Escherichia coli O160. 26451883 1 13 dep Escherichia 173:183 arg1 coli 185:188 coli 185:188 coli 185:188 On mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O160, the O-polysaccharide was cleaved by acid-labile glycosyl phosphate linkages in the main chain. 26451883 2 14 theme C 418:418 arg1 spectroscopies 424:437 (13)C NMR spectroscopies 414:437 (13)C NMR spectroscopies 414:437 The resultant oligosaccharide and the alkali-treated lipopolysaccharide were studied by sugar analysis along with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopies, and the following structure of the branched pentasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide was established: The O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O160 was found to be consistent with the O-polysaccharide structure established. 26451883 2 15 theme NMR 420:422 arg1 spectroscopies 424:437 (13)C NMR spectroscopies 414:437 (13)C NMR spectroscopies 414:437 The resultant oligosaccharide and the alkali-treated lipopolysaccharide were studied by sugar analysis along with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopies, and the following structure of the branched pentasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide was established: The O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O160 was found to be consistent with the O-polysaccharide structure established. 26451883 2 16 theme following 448:456 arg1 structure 458:466 the following structure 444:466 the following structure of the branched pentasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide 444:537 The resultant oligosaccharide and the alkali-treated lipopolysaccharide were studied by sugar analysis along with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopies, and the following structure of the branched pentasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide was established: The O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O160 was found to be consistent with the O-polysaccharide structure established. 26451883 2 17 theme alkali-treated 329:342 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 344:361 the alkali-treated lipopolysaccharide 325:361 the alkali-treated lipopolysaccharide 325:361 The resultant oligosaccharide and the alkali-treated lipopolysaccharide were studied by sugar analysis along with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopies, and the following structure of the branched pentasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide was established: The O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O160 was found to be consistent with the O-polysaccharide structure established. 26451883 2 18 with consistent 615:624 arg1 structure 652:660 the O-polysaccharide structure 631:660 the O-polysaccharide structure established 631:672 The resultant oligosaccharide and the alkali-treated lipopolysaccharide were studied by sugar analysis along with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopies, and the following structure of the branched pentasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide was established: The O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O160 was found to be consistent with the O-polysaccharide structure established. 26451883 0 19 theme biosynthesis 26:37 arg1 genetics 14:21 genetics 14:21 genetics 14:21 Structure and genetics of biosynthesis of the glycosyl phosphate-containing O-polysaccharide of Escherichia coli O160. 26451883 0 19 theme biosynthesis 26:37 arg1 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure and genetics of biosynthesis of the glycosyl phosphate-containing O-polysaccharide of Escherichia coli O160. 26451883 0 20 theme glycosyl 46:53 arg1 O-polysaccharide 76:91 the glycosyl phosphate-containing O-polysaccharide 42:91 the glycosyl phosphate-containing O-polysaccharide of Escherichia coli O160 42:116 Structure and genetics of biosynthesis of the glycosyl phosphate-containing O-polysaccharide of Escherichia coli O160. 26451883 2 21 theme O-polysaccharide 522:537 arg1 unit 510:513 the branched pentasaccharide repeating unit 471:513 the branched pentasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide 471:537 The resultant oligosaccharide and the alkali-treated lipopolysaccharide were studied by sugar analysis along with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopies, and the following structure of the branched pentasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide was established: The O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O160 was found to be consistent with the O-polysaccharide structure established. 26451883 0 22 theme phosphate-containing 55:74 arg1 O-polysaccharide 76:91 the glycosyl phosphate-containing O-polysaccharide 42:91 the glycosyl phosphate-containing O-polysaccharide of Escherichia coli O160 42:116 Structure and genetics of biosynthesis of the glycosyl phosphate-containing O-polysaccharide of Escherichia coli O160. 26451883 2 23 theme sugar 379:383 arg1 analysis 385:392 sugar analysis 379:392 sugar analysis 379:392 The resultant oligosaccharide and the alkali-treated lipopolysaccharide were studied by sugar analysis along with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopies, and the following structure of the branched pentasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide was established: The O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O160 was found to be consistent with the O-polysaccharide structure established. 26451883 1 24 from linkages 263:270 arg1 chain 284:288 the main chain 275:288 the main chain 275:288 On mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O160, the O-polysaccharide was cleaved by acid-labile glycosyl phosphate linkages in the main chain. 26451883 1 25 theme acid 127:130 arg1 degradation 132:142 mild acid degradation 122:142 mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O160 122:193 On mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O160, the O-polysaccharide was cleaved by acid-labile glycosyl phosphate linkages in the main chain. 26451883 2 26 theme gene 570:573 arg1 consistent 615:624 consistent 615:624 consistent 615:624 The resultant oligosaccharide and the alkali-treated lipopolysaccharide were studied by sugar analysis along with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopies, and the following structure of the branched pentasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide was established: The O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O160 was found to be consistent with the O-polysaccharide structure established. 26451883 2 26 theme gene 570:573 arg1 cluster 575:581 The O-antigen gene cluster 556:581 The O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O160 556:597 The resultant oligosaccharide and the alkali-treated lipopolysaccharide were studied by sugar analysis along with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopies, and the following structure of the branched pentasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide was established: The O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O160 was found to be consistent with the O-polysaccharide structure established. 26451883 1 27 theme acid-labile 232:242 arg1 linkages 263:270 acid-labile glycosyl phosphate linkages 232:270 acid-labile glycosyl phosphate linkages in the main chain 232:288 On mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O160, the O-polysaccharide was cleaved by acid-labile glycosyl phosphate linkages in the main chain. 26451883 2 28 theme O-antigen 560:568 arg1 consistent 615:624 consistent 615:624 consistent 615:624 The resultant oligosaccharide and the alkali-treated lipopolysaccharide were studied by sugar analysis along with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopies, and the following structure of the branched pentasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide was established: The O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O160 was found to be consistent with the O-polysaccharide structure established. 26451883 2 28 theme O-antigen 560:568 arg1 cluster 575:581 The O-antigen gene cluster 556:581 The O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O160 556:597 The resultant oligosaccharide and the alkali-treated lipopolysaccharide were studied by sugar analysis along with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopies, and the following structure of the branched pentasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide was established: The O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O160 was found to be consistent with the O-polysaccharide structure established. 26451883 1 29 theme glycosyl 244:251 arg1 linkages 263:270 acid-labile glycosyl phosphate linkages 232:270 acid-labile glycosyl phosphate linkages in the main chain 232:288 On mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O160, the O-polysaccharide was cleaved by acid-labile glycosyl phosphate linkages in the main chain. 26451883 2 30 theme repeating 500:508 arg1 unit 510:513 the branched pentasaccharide repeating unit 471:513 the branched pentasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide 471:537 The resultant oligosaccharide and the alkali-treated lipopolysaccharide were studied by sugar analysis along with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopies, and the following structure of the branched pentasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide was established: The O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O160 was found to be consistent with the O-polysaccharide structure established. 26451883 1 31 theme phosphate 253:261 arg1 linkages 263:270 acid-labile glycosyl phosphate linkages 232:270 acid-labile glycosyl phosphate linkages in the main chain 232:288 On mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O160, the O-polysaccharide was cleaved by acid-labile glycosyl phosphate linkages in the main chain. 26451883 2 32 theme pentasaccharide 484:498 arg1 unit 510:513 the branched pentasaccharide repeating unit 471:513 the branched pentasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide 471:537 The resultant oligosaccharide and the alkali-treated lipopolysaccharide were studied by sugar analysis along with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopies, and the following structure of the branched pentasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide was established: The O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O160 was found to be consistent with the O-polysaccharide structure established. 26451883 2 33 dep H 408:408 arg1 1 406:406 1 406:406 1 406:406 The resultant oligosaccharide and the alkali-treated lipopolysaccharide were studied by sugar analysis along with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopies, and the following structure of the branched pentasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide was established: The O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O160 was found to be consistent with the O-polysaccharide structure established. 26451883 1 34 theme lipopolysaccharide 151:168 arg1 degradation 132:142 mild acid degradation 122:142 mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O160 122:193 On mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O160, the O-polysaccharide was cleaved by acid-labile glycosyl phosphate linkages in the main chain. 29050581 0 0 theme mechanical 118:127 arg1 strength 129:136 tunable mechanical strength 110:136 tunable mechanical strength 110:136 Multivalent cations-triggered rapid shape memory sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/polyacrylamide hydrogels with tunable mechanical strength. 29050581 4 1 theme PAM/CMC1.0-Fe3+ 699:713 arg1 material 737:744 the model material 727:744 the model material 727:744 Therefore, we chose PAM/CMC1.0-Fe3+ hydrogel as the model material and further investigated its shape recovery process. 29050581 4 1 theme PAM/CMC1.0-Fe3+ 699:713 arg1 hydrogel 715:722 PAM/CMC1.0-Fe3+ hydrogel 699:722 PAM/CMC1.0-Fe3+ hydrogel 699:722 Therefore, we chose PAM/CMC1.0-Fe3+ hydrogel as the model material and further investigated its shape recovery process. 29050581 1 2 theme cross-linked 299:310 arg1 network 333:339 chemically cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAM) network 288:339 chemically cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAM) network 288:339 A novel multivalent cations-triggered shape memory hydrogels were synthesized in a one-pot method, and interpenetrating double network was formed by chemically cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAM) network and physically cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose network. 29050581 0 3 theme tunable 110:116 arg1 strength 129:136 tunable mechanical strength 110:136 tunable mechanical strength 110:136 Multivalent cations-triggered rapid shape memory sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/polyacrylamide hydrogels with tunable mechanical strength. 29050581 5 4 theme temporary 888:896 arg1 cross-links 898:908 the temporary cross-links 884:908 the temporary cross-links between CMC and Fe3+ 884:929 It was found that a wide range of molecules and anions could be applied to break off the temporary cross-links between CMC and Fe3+. 29050581 1 5 theme polyacrylamide 312:325 arg1 network 333:339 chemically cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAM) network 288:339 chemically cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAM) network 288:339 A novel multivalent cations-triggered shape memory hydrogels were synthesized in a one-pot method, and interpenetrating double network was formed by chemically cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAM) network and physically cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose network. 29050581 4 6 theme shape 775:779 arg1 process 790:796 its shape recovery process 771:796 its shape recovery process 771:796 Therefore, we chose PAM/CMC1.0-Fe3+ hydrogel as the model material and further investigated its shape recovery process. 29050581 6 7 theme tunable 989:995 arg1 properties 1008:1017 excellent tunable mechanical properties 979:1017 excellent tunable mechanical properties 979:1017 The PAM/CMC composite hydrogels also exhibited excellent tunable mechanical properties. 29050581 1 8 link cross-linked 299:310 arg1 network 333:339 chemically cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAM) network 288:339 chemically cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAM) network 288:339 A novel multivalent cations-triggered shape memory hydrogels were synthesized in a one-pot method, and interpenetrating double network was formed by chemically cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAM) network and physically cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose network. 29050581 1 9 theme PAM 328:330 arg1 network 333:339 chemically cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAM) network 288:339 chemically cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAM) network 288:339 A novel multivalent cations-triggered shape memory hydrogels were synthesized in a one-pot method, and interpenetrating double network was formed by chemically cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAM) network and physically cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose network. 29050581 2 10 theme temporary 413:421 arg1 fixed 433:437 fixed 433:437 fixed 433:437 The temporary shape was fixed by complexation between a native biopolymer, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and transition metal ions, specifically Fe3+, Ag+, Al3+, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Mg2+. 29050581 2 10 theme temporary 413:421 arg1 shape 423:427 The temporary shape 409:427 The temporary shape 409:427 The temporary shape was fixed by complexation between a native biopolymer, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and transition metal ions, specifically Fe3+, Ag+, Al3+, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Mg2+. 29050581 5 11 theme molecules 833:841 arg1 range 824:828 a wide range 817:828 a wide range of molecules and anions 817:852 It was found that a wide range of molecules and anions could be applied to break off the temporary cross-links between CMC and Fe3+. 29050581 2 12 theme sodium 484:489 arg1 CMC 516:518 CMC 516:518 CMC 516:518 The temporary shape was fixed by complexation between a native biopolymer, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and transition metal ions, specifically Fe3+, Ag+, Al3+, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Mg2+. 29050581 2 12 theme sodium 484:489 arg1 cellulose 505:513 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 484:513 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 484:519 The temporary shape was fixed by complexation between a native biopolymer, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and transition metal ions, specifically Fe3+, Ag+, Al3+, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Mg2+. 29050581 2 13 theme native 465:470 arg1 biopolymer 472:481 a native biopolymer 463:481 a native biopolymer 463:481 The temporary shape was fixed by complexation between a native biopolymer, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and transition metal ions, specifically Fe3+, Ag+, Al3+, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Mg2+. 29050581 6 14 theme excellent 979:987 arg1 properties 1008:1017 excellent tunable mechanical properties 979:1017 excellent tunable mechanical properties 979:1017 The PAM/CMC composite hydrogels also exhibited excellent tunable mechanical properties. 29050581 2 15 theme metal 537:541 arg1 Ag+ 568:570 Ag+ 568:570 Ag+ 568:570 The temporary shape was fixed by complexation between a native biopolymer, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and transition metal ions, specifically Fe3+, Ag+, Al3+, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Mg2+. 29050581 2 15 theme metal 537:541 arg1 Al3+ 573:576 Al3+ 573:576 Al3+ 573:576 The temporary shape was fixed by complexation between a native biopolymer, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and transition metal ions, specifically Fe3+, Ag+, Al3+, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Mg2+. 29050581 2 15 theme metal 537:541 arg1 ions 543:546 transition metal ions 526:546 transition metal ions 526:546 The temporary shape was fixed by complexation between a native biopolymer, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and transition metal ions, specifically Fe3+, Ag+, Al3+, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Mg2+. 29050581 2 15 theme metal 537:541 arg1 Mg2+ 595:598 Mg2+ 595:598 Mg2+ 595:598 The temporary shape was fixed by complexation between a native biopolymer, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and transition metal ions, specifically Fe3+, Ag+, Al3+, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Mg2+. 29050581 2 15 theme metal 537:541 arg1 Fe3+ 562:565 Fe3+ 562:565 Fe3+ 562:565 The temporary shape was fixed by complexation between a native biopolymer, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and transition metal ions, specifically Fe3+, Ag+, Al3+, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Mg2+. 29050581 2 15 theme metal 537:541 arg1 Cu2+ 579:582 Cu2+ 579:582 Cu2+ 579:582 The temporary shape was fixed by complexation between a native biopolymer, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and transition metal ions, specifically Fe3+, Ag+, Al3+, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Mg2+. 29050581 2 15 theme metal 537:541 arg1 Ni2+ 585:588 Ni2+ 585:588 Ni2+ 585:588 The temporary shape was fixed by complexation between a native biopolymer, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and transition metal ions, specifically Fe3+, Ag+, Al3+, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Mg2+. 29050581 4 16 theme recovery 781:788 arg1 process 790:796 its shape recovery process 771:796 its shape recovery process 771:796 Therefore, we chose PAM/CMC1.0-Fe3+ hydrogel as the model material and further investigated its shape recovery process. 29050581 1 17 theme one-pot 222:228 arg1 method 230:235 a one-pot method 220:235 a one-pot method 220:235 A novel multivalent cations-triggered shape memory hydrogels were synthesized in a one-pot method, and interpenetrating double network was formed by chemically cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAM) network and physically cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose network. 29050581 0 18 theme cations-triggered 12:28 arg1 cellulose/polyacrylamide 70:93 Multivalent cations-triggered rapid shape memory sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/polyacrylamide 0:93 Multivalent cations-triggered rapid shape memory sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/polyacrylamide 0:93 Multivalent cations-triggered rapid shape memory sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/polyacrylamide hydrogels with tunable mechanical strength. 29050581 0 19 theme Multivalent 0:10 arg1 cellulose/polyacrylamide 70:93 Multivalent cations-triggered rapid shape memory sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/polyacrylamide 0:93 Multivalent cations-triggered rapid shape memory sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/polyacrylamide 0:93 Multivalent cations-triggered rapid shape memory sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/polyacrylamide hydrogels with tunable mechanical strength. 29050581 7 20 theme cross-linking 1104:1116 arg1 densities 1118:1126 the cross-linking densities 1100:1126 the cross-linking densities 1100:1126 The mechanical properties of the composite hydrogel can be adjusted by changing the cross-linking densities. 29050581 8 21 theme memory 1232:1237 arg1 hydrogels 1239:1247 shape memory hydrogels 1226:1247 shape memory hydrogels 1226:1247 The presented strategy could enrich the construction as well as application of biopolymers based shape memory hydrogels. 29050581 0 22 theme shape 36:40 arg1 cellulose/polyacrylamide 70:93 Multivalent cations-triggered rapid shape memory sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/polyacrylamide 0:93 Multivalent cations-triggered rapid shape memory sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/polyacrylamide 0:93 Multivalent cations-triggered rapid shape memory sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/polyacrylamide hydrogels with tunable mechanical strength. 29050581 8 23 theme shape 1226:1230 arg1 hydrogels 1239:1247 shape memory hydrogels 1226:1247 shape memory hydrogels 1226:1247 The presented strategy could enrich the construction as well as application of biopolymers based shape memory hydrogels. 29050581 2 24 theme carboxymethyl 491:503 arg1 CMC 516:518 CMC 516:518 CMC 516:518 The temporary shape was fixed by complexation between a native biopolymer, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and transition metal ions, specifically Fe3+, Ag+, Al3+, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Mg2+. 29050581 2 24 theme carboxymethyl 491:503 arg1 cellulose 505:513 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 484:513 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 484:519 The temporary shape was fixed by complexation between a native biopolymer, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and transition metal ions, specifically Fe3+, Ag+, Al3+, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Mg2+. 29050581 0 25 theme rapid 30:34 arg1 cellulose/polyacrylamide 70:93 Multivalent cations-triggered rapid shape memory sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/polyacrylamide 0:93 Multivalent cations-triggered rapid shape memory sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/polyacrylamide 0:93 Multivalent cations-triggered rapid shape memory sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/polyacrylamide hydrogels with tunable mechanical strength. 29050581 1 26 theme novel 141:145 arg1 hydrogels 190:198 A novel multivalent cations-triggered shape memory hydrogels 139:198 A novel multivalent cations-triggered shape memory hydrogels 139:198 A novel multivalent cations-triggered shape memory hydrogels were synthesized in a one-pot method, and interpenetrating double network was formed by chemically cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAM) network and physically cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose network. 29050581 1 27 theme interpenetrating 242:257 arg1 network 266:272 interpenetrating double network 242:272 interpenetrating double network 242:272 A novel multivalent cations-triggered shape memory hydrogels were synthesized in a one-pot method, and interpenetrating double network was formed by chemically cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAM) network and physically cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose network. 29050581 0 28 theme sodium 49:54 arg1 cellulose/polyacrylamide 70:93 Multivalent cations-triggered rapid shape memory sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/polyacrylamide 0:93 Multivalent cations-triggered rapid shape memory sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/polyacrylamide 0:93 Multivalent cations-triggered rapid shape memory sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/polyacrylamide hydrogels with tunable mechanical strength. 29050581 6 29 theme composite 944:952 arg1 hydrogels 954:962 The PAM/CMC composite hydrogels 932:962 The PAM/CMC composite hydrogels 932:962 The PAM/CMC composite hydrogels also exhibited excellent tunable mechanical properties. 29050581 1 30 theme double 259:264 arg1 network 266:272 interpenetrating double network 242:272 interpenetrating double network 242:272 A novel multivalent cations-triggered shape memory hydrogels were synthesized in a one-pot method, and interpenetrating double network was formed by chemically cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAM) network and physically cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose network. 29050581 0 31 theme memory 42:47 arg1 cellulose/polyacrylamide 70:93 Multivalent cations-triggered rapid shape memory sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/polyacrylamide 0:93 Multivalent cations-triggered rapid shape memory sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/polyacrylamide 0:93 Multivalent cations-triggered rapid shape memory sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/polyacrylamide hydrogels with tunable mechanical strength. 29050581 1 32 theme cross-linked 356:367 arg1 network 400:406 physically cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose network 345:406 physically cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose network 345:406 A novel multivalent cations-triggered shape memory hydrogels were synthesized in a one-pot method, and interpenetrating double network was formed by chemically cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAM) network and physically cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose network. 29050581 2 33 theme transition 526:535 arg1 Ag+ 568:570 Ag+ 568:570 Ag+ 568:570 The temporary shape was fixed by complexation between a native biopolymer, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and transition metal ions, specifically Fe3+, Ag+, Al3+, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Mg2+. 29050581 2 33 theme transition 526:535 arg1 Al3+ 573:576 Al3+ 573:576 Al3+ 573:576 The temporary shape was fixed by complexation between a native biopolymer, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and transition metal ions, specifically Fe3+, Ag+, Al3+, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Mg2+. 29050581 2 33 theme transition 526:535 arg1 ions 543:546 transition metal ions 526:546 transition metal ions 526:546 The temporary shape was fixed by complexation between a native biopolymer, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and transition metal ions, specifically Fe3+, Ag+, Al3+, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Mg2+. 29050581 2 33 theme transition 526:535 arg1 Mg2+ 595:598 Mg2+ 595:598 Mg2+ 595:598 The temporary shape was fixed by complexation between a native biopolymer, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and transition metal ions, specifically Fe3+, Ag+, Al3+, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Mg2+. 29050581 2 33 theme transition 526:535 arg1 Fe3+ 562:565 Fe3+ 562:565 Fe3+ 562:565 The temporary shape was fixed by complexation between a native biopolymer, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and transition metal ions, specifically Fe3+, Ag+, Al3+, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Mg2+. 29050581 2 33 theme transition 526:535 arg1 Cu2+ 579:582 Cu2+ 579:582 Cu2+ 579:582 The temporary shape was fixed by complexation between a native biopolymer, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and transition metal ions, specifically Fe3+, Ag+, Al3+, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Mg2+. 29050581 2 33 theme transition 526:535 arg1 Ni2+ 585:588 Ni2+ 585:588 Ni2+ 585:588 The temporary shape was fixed by complexation between a native biopolymer, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and transition metal ions, specifically Fe3+, Ag+, Al3+, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Mg2+. 29050581 3 34 theme fixity 659:664 arg1 ratio 666:670 excellent shape fixity ratio 643:670 excellent shape fixity ratio (95%) 643:676 In particular, CMC-Fe3+ hydrogel exhibits excellent shape fixity ratio (95%). 29050581 3 34 theme fixity 659:664 arg1 % 675:675 95% 673:675 95% 673:675 In particular, CMC-Fe3+ hydrogel exhibits excellent shape fixity ratio (95%). 29050581 3 35 theme CMC-Fe3+ 616:623 arg1 hydrogel 625:632 CMC-Fe3+ hydrogel 616:632 CMC-Fe3+ hydrogel 616:632 In particular, CMC-Fe3+ hydrogel exhibits excellent shape fixity ratio (95%). 29050581 7 36 theme mechanical 1024:1033 arg1 properties 1035:1044 The mechanical properties 1020:1044 The mechanical properties of the composite hydrogel 1020:1070 The mechanical properties of the composite hydrogel can be adjusted by changing the cross-linking densities. 29050581 5 37 theme anions 847:852 arg1 range 824:828 a wide range 817:828 a wide range of molecules and anions 817:852 It was found that a wide range of molecules and anions could be applied to break off the temporary cross-links between CMC and Fe3+. 29050581 1 38 theme sodium 369:374 arg1 network 400:406 physically cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose network 345:406 physically cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose network 345:406 A novel multivalent cations-triggered shape memory hydrogels were synthesized in a one-pot method, and interpenetrating double network was formed by chemically cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAM) network and physically cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose network. 29050581 7 39 theme composite 1053:1061 arg1 hydrogel 1063:1070 the composite hydrogel 1049:1070 the composite hydrogel 1049:1070 The mechanical properties of the composite hydrogel can be adjusted by changing the cross-linking densities. 29050581 1 40 theme multivalent 147:157 arg1 hydrogels 190:198 A novel multivalent cations-triggered shape memory hydrogels 139:198 A novel multivalent cations-triggered shape memory hydrogels 139:198 A novel multivalent cations-triggered shape memory hydrogels were synthesized in a one-pot method, and interpenetrating double network was formed by chemically cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAM) network and physically cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose network. 29050581 0 41 theme carboxymethyl 56:68 arg1 cellulose/polyacrylamide 70:93 Multivalent cations-triggered rapid shape memory sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/polyacrylamide 0:93 Multivalent cations-triggered rapid shape memory sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/polyacrylamide 0:93 Multivalent cations-triggered rapid shape memory sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/polyacrylamide hydrogels with tunable mechanical strength. 29050581 1 42 theme carboxymethyl 376:388 arg1 network 400:406 physically cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose network 345:406 physically cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose network 345:406 A novel multivalent cations-triggered shape memory hydrogels were synthesized in a one-pot method, and interpenetrating double network was formed by chemically cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAM) network and physically cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose network. 29050581 7 43 theme hydrogel 1063:1070 arg1 properties 1035:1044 The mechanical properties 1020:1044 The mechanical properties of the composite hydrogel 1020:1070 The mechanical properties of the composite hydrogel can be adjusted by changing the cross-linking densities. 29050581 5 44 theme wide 819:822 arg1 range 824:828 a wide range 817:828 a wide range of molecules and anions 817:852 It was found that a wide range of molecules and anions could be applied to break off the temporary cross-links between CMC and Fe3+. 29050581 1 45 link cross-linked 356:367 arg1 network 400:406 physically cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose network 345:406 physically cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose network 345:406 A novel multivalent cations-triggered shape memory hydrogels were synthesized in a one-pot method, and interpenetrating double network was formed by chemically cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAM) network and physically cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose network. 29050581 1 46 theme cations-triggered 159:175 arg1 hydrogels 190:198 A novel multivalent cations-triggered shape memory hydrogels 139:198 A novel multivalent cations-triggered shape memory hydrogels 139:198 A novel multivalent cations-triggered shape memory hydrogels were synthesized in a one-pot method, and interpenetrating double network was formed by chemically cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAM) network and physically cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose network. 29050581 1 47 theme cellulose 390:398 arg1 network 400:406 physically cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose network 345:406 physically cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose network 345:406 A novel multivalent cations-triggered shape memory hydrogels were synthesized in a one-pot method, and interpenetrating double network was formed by chemically cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAM) network and physically cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose network. 29050581 6 48 theme PAM/CMC 936:942 arg1 hydrogels 954:962 The PAM/CMC composite hydrogels 932:962 The PAM/CMC composite hydrogels 932:962 The PAM/CMC composite hydrogels also exhibited excellent tunable mechanical properties. 29050581 3 49 theme excellent 643:651 arg1 ratio 666:670 excellent shape fixity ratio 643:670 excellent shape fixity ratio (95%) 643:676 In particular, CMC-Fe3+ hydrogel exhibits excellent shape fixity ratio (95%). 29050581 3 49 theme excellent 643:651 arg1 % 675:675 95% 673:675 95% 673:675 In particular, CMC-Fe3+ hydrogel exhibits excellent shape fixity ratio (95%). 29050581 1 50 theme shape 177:181 arg1 hydrogels 190:198 A novel multivalent cations-triggered shape memory hydrogels 139:198 A novel multivalent cations-triggered shape memory hydrogels 139:198 A novel multivalent cations-triggered shape memory hydrogels were synthesized in a one-pot method, and interpenetrating double network was formed by chemically cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAM) network and physically cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose network. 29050581 8 51 theme presented 1133:1141 arg1 strategy 1143:1150 The presented strategy 1129:1150 The presented strategy 1129:1150 The presented strategy could enrich the construction as well as application of biopolymers based shape memory hydrogels. 29050581 3 52 theme shape 653:657 arg1 ratio 666:670 excellent shape fixity ratio 643:670 excellent shape fixity ratio (95%) 643:676 In particular, CMC-Fe3+ hydrogel exhibits excellent shape fixity ratio (95%). 29050581 3 52 theme shape 653:657 arg1 % 675:675 95% 673:675 95% 673:675 In particular, CMC-Fe3+ hydrogel exhibits excellent shape fixity ratio (95%). 29050581 1 53 theme memory 183:188 arg1 hydrogels 190:198 A novel multivalent cations-triggered shape memory hydrogels 139:198 A novel multivalent cations-triggered shape memory hydrogels 139:198 A novel multivalent cations-triggered shape memory hydrogels were synthesized in a one-pot method, and interpenetrating double network was formed by chemically cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAM) network and physically cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose network. 29050581 4 54 theme model 731:735 arg1 material 737:744 the model material 727:744 the model material 727:744 Therefore, we chose PAM/CMC1.0-Fe3+ hydrogel as the model material and further investigated its shape recovery process. 29050581 4 54 theme model 731:735 arg1 hydrogel 715:722 PAM/CMC1.0-Fe3+ hydrogel 699:722 PAM/CMC1.0-Fe3+ hydrogel 699:722 Therefore, we chose PAM/CMC1.0-Fe3+ hydrogel as the model material and further investigated its shape recovery process. 29050581 6 55 theme mechanical 997:1006 arg1 properties 1008:1017 excellent tunable mechanical properties 979:1017 excellent tunable mechanical properties 979:1017 The PAM/CMC composite hydrogels also exhibited excellent tunable mechanical properties. 29050581 8 56 theme biopolymers 1208:1218 arg1 construction 1169:1180 the construction 1165:1180 the construction as well as application of biopolymers based shape memory hydrogels 1165:1247 The presented strategy could enrich the construction as well as application of biopolymers based shape memory hydrogels. 29050581 8 56 theme biopolymers 1208:1218 arg1 application 1193:1203 application 1193:1203 the construction as well as application of biopolymers based shape memory hydrogels 1165:1247 The presented strategy could enrich the construction as well as application of biopolymers based shape memory hydrogels. 27987863 2 0 theme conventional 417:428 arg1 approach 453:460 conventional multistep purification approach 417:460 conventional multistep purification approach (namely dewaxing, chlorite bleaching process, alkalization, and acid hydrolysis) 417:541 The physicochemical properties of nanocellulose prepared via one-pot process have shown comparable characteristics as products isolated via conventional multistep purification approach (namely dewaxing, chlorite bleaching process, alkalization, and acid hydrolysis). 27987863 7 1 theme multistep 1507:1515 arg1 process 1517:1523 the multistep process 1503:1523 the multistep process 1503:1523 One-pot oxidative-hydrolysis technique is a simple and versatile route for the preparation of nanocellulose from complex biomass within 90°C and 6h period, with minimum wastewater as compared to the multistep process. 27987863 6 2 theme nanocellulose 1200:1212 arg1 product 1214:1220 The nanocellulose product 1196:1220 The nanocellulose product 1196:1220 The nanocellulose product showed high thermal stability (320°C), which was ready for nanocomposite application. 27987863 3 3 theme final 745:749 arg1 product 751:757 the final product 741:757 the final product 741:757 The chemical composition study indicated that the one-pot oxidative-hydrolysis process successfully extracted cellulose (91.0%), with the remaining minority being hemicellulose and lignin (∼6%) in the final product. 27987863 7 4 theme oxidative-hydrolysis 1316:1335 arg1 technique 1337:1345 One-pot oxidative-hydrolysis technique 1308:1345 One-pot oxidative-hydrolysis technique 1308:1345 One-pot oxidative-hydrolysis technique is a simple and versatile route for the preparation of nanocellulose from complex biomass within 90°C and 6h period, with minimum wastewater as compared to the multistep process. 27987863 7 4 theme oxidative-hydrolysis 1316:1335 arg1 route 1373:1377 a simple and versatile route 1350:1377 a simple and versatile route for the preparation of nanocellulose from complex biomass within 90°C and 6h period 1350:1461 One-pot oxidative-hydrolysis technique is a simple and versatile route for the preparation of nanocellulose from complex biomass within 90°C and 6h period, with minimum wastewater as compared to the multistep process. 27987863 0 5 theme pot 95:97 arg1 approach 130:137 one pot oxidative-hydrolysis isolation approach 91:137 one pot oxidative-hydrolysis isolation approach 91:137 Facile production of nanostructured cellulose from Elaeis guineensis empty fruit bunch via one pot oxidative-hydrolysis isolation approach. 27987863 7 6 theme complex 1421:1427 arg1 biomass 1429:1435 complex biomass 1421:1435 complex biomass within 90°C and 6h period 1421:1461 One-pot oxidative-hydrolysis technique is a simple and versatile route for the preparation of nanocellulose from complex biomass within 90°C and 6h period, with minimum wastewater as compared to the multistep process. 27987863 2 7 theme one-pot 338:344 arg1 process 346:352 one-pot process 338:352 one-pot process 338:352 The physicochemical properties of nanocellulose prepared via one-pot process have shown comparable characteristics as products isolated via conventional multistep purification approach (namely dewaxing, chlorite bleaching process, alkalization, and acid hydrolysis). 27987863 3 8 from lignin 725:730 arg1 product 751:757 the final product 741:757 the final product 741:757 The chemical composition study indicated that the one-pot oxidative-hydrolysis process successfully extracted cellulose (91.0%), with the remaining minority being hemicellulose and lignin (∼6%) in the final product. 27987863 5 9 theme average 1142:1148 arg1 diameter 1150:1157 an average diameter 1139:1157 an average diameter of fibers at a range of 51.6±15.4nm 1139:1193 In additional to that, the morphology study demonstrated that nanocellulose prepared by one-pot process rendered spider-web-like network nanostructure, with an average diameter of fibers at a range of 51.6±15.4nm. 27987863 4 10 theme disorder 908:915 arg1 amorphous 925:933 amorphous 925:933 amorphous 925:933 Crystallinity profile of one-pot treated product (80.3%) was higher than that of multistep isolated nanocellulose (75.4%), which indicated that the disorder region (amorphous) in cellulose fibers was successfully removed. 27987863 4 10 theme disorder 908:915 arg1 region 917:922 the disorder region 904:922 the disorder region (amorphous) in cellulose fibers 904:954 Crystallinity profile of one-pot treated product (80.3%) was higher than that of multistep isolated nanocellulose (75.4%), which indicated that the disorder region (amorphous) in cellulose fibers was successfully removed. 27987863 4 11 theme Crystallinity 760:772 arg1 profile 774:780 Crystallinity profile 760:780 Crystallinity profile of one-pot treated product (80.3%) 760:815 Crystallinity profile of one-pot treated product (80.3%) was higher than that of multistep isolated nanocellulose (75.4%), which indicated that the disorder region (amorphous) in cellulose fibers was successfully removed. 27987863 3 12 theme chemical 548:555 arg1 composition 557:567 The chemical composition 544:567 The chemical composition study 544:573 The chemical composition study indicated that the one-pot oxidative-hydrolysis process successfully extracted cellulose (91.0%), with the remaining minority being hemicellulose and lignin (∼6%) in the final product. 27987863 0 13 theme isolation 120:128 arg1 approach 130:137 one pot oxidative-hydrolysis isolation approach 91:137 one pot oxidative-hydrolysis isolation approach 91:137 Facile production of nanostructured cellulose from Elaeis guineensis empty fruit bunch via one pot oxidative-hydrolysis isolation approach. 27987863 7 14 theme versatile 1363:1371 arg1 technique 1337:1345 One-pot oxidative-hydrolysis technique 1308:1345 One-pot oxidative-hydrolysis technique 1308:1345 One-pot oxidative-hydrolysis technique is a simple and versatile route for the preparation of nanocellulose from complex biomass within 90°C and 6h period, with minimum wastewater as compared to the multistep process. 27987863 7 14 theme versatile 1363:1371 arg1 route 1373:1377 a simple and versatile route 1350:1377 a simple and versatile route for the preparation of nanocellulose from complex biomass within 90°C and 6h period 1350:1461 One-pot oxidative-hydrolysis technique is a simple and versatile route for the preparation of nanocellulose from complex biomass within 90°C and 6h period, with minimum wastewater as compared to the multistep process. 27987863 3 15 theme oxidative-hydrolysis 602:621 arg1 process 623:629 the one-pot oxidative-hydrolysis process 590:629 the one-pot oxidative-hydrolysis process 590:629 The chemical composition study indicated that the one-pot oxidative-hydrolysis process successfully extracted cellulose (91.0%), with the remaining minority being hemicellulose and lignin (∼6%) in the final product. 27987863 0 16 theme oxidative-hydrolysis 99:118 arg1 approach 130:137 one pot oxidative-hydrolysis isolation approach 91:137 one pot oxidative-hydrolysis isolation approach 91:137 Facile production of nanostructured cellulose from Elaeis guineensis empty fruit bunch via one pot oxidative-hydrolysis isolation approach. 27987863 1 17 attach isolated 185:192 arg1 biomass 217:223 empty fruit bunch biomass 199:223 empty fruit bunch biomass 199:223 Cellulose in nanostructures was successfully isolated from empty fruit bunch biomass via a novel one-pot oxidative-hydrolysis technique. 27987863 1 17 attach isolated 185:192 arg2 Cellulose 140:148 Cellulose 140:148 Cellulose in nanostructures 140:166 Cellulose in nanostructures was successfully isolated from empty fruit bunch biomass via a novel one-pot oxidative-hydrolysis technique. 27987863 4 18 theme isolated 851:858 arg1 nanocellulose 860:872 multistep isolated nanocellulose 841:872 multistep isolated nanocellulose (75.4%) 841:880 Crystallinity profile of one-pot treated product (80.3%) was higher than that of multistep isolated nanocellulose (75.4%), which indicated that the disorder region (amorphous) in cellulose fibers was successfully removed. 27987863 4 18 theme isolated 851:858 arg1 % 879:879 75.4% 875:879 75.4% 875:879 Crystallinity profile of one-pot treated product (80.3%) was higher than that of multistep isolated nanocellulose (75.4%), which indicated that the disorder region (amorphous) in cellulose fibers was successfully removed. 27987863 1 19 from Cellulose 140:148 arg1 nanostructures 153:166 nanostructures 153:166 nanostructures 153:166 Cellulose in nanostructures was successfully isolated from empty fruit bunch biomass via a novel one-pot oxidative-hydrolysis technique. 27987863 2 20 theme nanocellulose 311:323 arg1 properties 297:306 The physicochemical properties 277:306 The physicochemical properties of nanocellulose prepared via one-pot process 277:352 The physicochemical properties of nanocellulose prepared via one-pot process have shown comparable characteristics as products isolated via conventional multistep purification approach (namely dewaxing, chlorite bleaching process, alkalization, and acid hydrolysis). 27987863 1 21 theme empty 199:203 arg1 biomass 217:223 empty fruit bunch biomass 199:223 empty fruit bunch biomass 199:223 Cellulose in nanostructures was successfully isolated from empty fruit bunch biomass via a novel one-pot oxidative-hydrolysis technique. 27987863 5 22 theme fibers 1162:1167 arg1 diameter 1150:1157 an average diameter 1139:1157 an average diameter of fibers at a range of 51.6±15.4nm 1139:1193 In additional to that, the morphology study demonstrated that nanocellulose prepared by one-pot process rendered spider-web-like network nanostructure, with an average diameter of fibers at a range of 51.6±15.4nm. 27987863 6 23 theme nanocomposite 1281:1293 arg1 application 1295:1305 nanocomposite application 1281:1305 nanocomposite application 1281:1305 The nanocellulose product showed high thermal stability (320°C), which was ready for nanocomposite application. 27987863 2 24 theme comparable 365:374 arg1 characteristics 376:390 comparable characteristics 365:390 comparable characteristics as products isolated via conventional multistep purification approach (namely dewaxing, chlorite bleaching process, alkalization, and acid hydrolysis) 365:541 The physicochemical properties of nanocellulose prepared via one-pot process have shown comparable characteristics as products isolated via conventional multistep purification approach (namely dewaxing, chlorite bleaching process, alkalization, and acid hydrolysis). 27987863 3 25 from hemicellulose 707:719 arg1 product 751:757 the final product 741:757 the final product 741:757 The chemical composition study indicated that the one-pot oxidative-hydrolysis process successfully extracted cellulose (91.0%), with the remaining minority being hemicellulose and lignin (∼6%) in the final product. 27987863 1 26 theme fruit 205:209 arg1 biomass 217:223 empty fruit bunch biomass 199:223 empty fruit bunch biomass 199:223 Cellulose in nanostructures was successfully isolated from empty fruit bunch biomass via a novel one-pot oxidative-hydrolysis technique. 27987863 0 27 theme Facile 0:5 arg1 production 7:16 Facile production 0:16 Facile production of nanostructured cellulose from Elaeis guineensis empty fruit 0:79 Facile production of nanostructured cellulose from Elaeis guineensis empty fruit bunch via one pot oxidative-hydrolysis isolation approach. 27987863 4 28 theme one-pot 785:791 arg1 product 801:807 one-pot treated product 785:807 one-pot treated product (80.3%) 785:815 Crystallinity profile of one-pot treated product (80.3%) was higher than that of multistep isolated nanocellulose (75.4%), which indicated that the disorder region (amorphous) in cellulose fibers was successfully removed. 27987863 4 28 theme one-pot 785:791 arg1 % 814:814 80.3% 810:814 80.3% 810:814 Crystallinity profile of one-pot treated product (80.3%) was higher than that of multistep isolated nanocellulose (75.4%), which indicated that the disorder region (amorphous) in cellulose fibers was successfully removed. 27987863 4 29 theme product 801:807 arg1 profile 774:780 Crystallinity profile 760:780 Crystallinity profile of one-pot treated product (80.3%) 760:815 Crystallinity profile of one-pot treated product (80.3%) was higher than that of multistep isolated nanocellulose (75.4%), which indicated that the disorder region (amorphous) in cellulose fibers was successfully removed. 27987863 7 30 from biomass 1429:1435 arg1 preparation 1387:1397 the preparation 1383:1397 the preparation of nanocellulose from complex biomass within 90°C and 6h period 1383:1461 One-pot oxidative-hydrolysis technique is a simple and versatile route for the preparation of nanocellulose from complex biomass within 90°C and 6h period, with minimum wastewater as compared to the multistep process. 27987863 1 31 theme bunch 211:215 arg1 biomass 217:223 empty fruit bunch biomass 199:223 empty fruit bunch biomass 199:223 Cellulose in nanostructures was successfully isolated from empty fruit bunch biomass via a novel one-pot oxidative-hydrolysis technique. 27987863 0 32 theme nanostructured 21:34 arg1 cellulose 36:44 nanostructured cellulose 21:44 nanostructured cellulose 21:44 Facile production of nanostructured cellulose from Elaeis guineensis empty fruit bunch via one pot oxidative-hydrolysis isolation approach. 27987863 3 33 theme remaining 682:690 arg1 minority 692:699 the remaining minority 678:699 the remaining minority 678:699 The chemical composition study indicated that the one-pot oxidative-hydrolysis process successfully extracted cellulose (91.0%), with the remaining minority being hemicellulose and lignin (∼6%) in the final product. 27987863 3 33 theme remaining 682:690 arg1 hemicellulose 707:719 hemicellulose 707:719 hemicellulose 707:719 The chemical composition study indicated that the one-pot oxidative-hydrolysis process successfully extracted cellulose (91.0%), with the remaining minority being hemicellulose and lignin (∼6%) in the final product. 27987863 7 34 theme 6h 1453:1454 arg1 period 1456:1461 6h period 1453:1461 6h period 1453:1461 One-pot oxidative-hydrolysis technique is a simple and versatile route for the preparation of nanocellulose from complex biomass within 90°C and 6h period, with minimum wastewater as compared to the multistep process. 27987863 5 35 from diameter 1150:1157 arg1 range 1174:1178 a range 1172:1178 a range of 51.6±15.4nm 1172:1193 In additional to that, the morphology study demonstrated that nanocellulose prepared by one-pot process rendered spider-web-like network nanostructure, with an average diameter of fibers at a range of 51.6±15.4nm. 27987863 4 36 theme cellulose 939:947 arg1 fibers 949:954 cellulose fibers 939:954 cellulose fibers 939:954 Crystallinity profile of one-pot treated product (80.3%) was higher than that of multistep isolated nanocellulose (75.4%), which indicated that the disorder region (amorphous) in cellulose fibers was successfully removed. 27987863 6 37 theme thermal 1234:1240 arg1 320°C 1253:1257 320°C 1253:1257 320°C 1253:1257 The nanocellulose product showed high thermal stability (320°C), which was ready for nanocomposite application. 27987863 6 37 theme thermal 1234:1240 arg1 stability 1242:1250 high thermal stability 1229:1250 high thermal stability (320°C) 1229:1258 The nanocellulose product showed high thermal stability (320°C), which was ready for nanocomposite application. 27987863 2 38 theme bleaching 489:497 arg1 process 499:505 chlorite bleaching process 480:505 chlorite bleaching process 480:505 The physicochemical properties of nanocellulose prepared via one-pot process have shown comparable characteristics as products isolated via conventional multistep purification approach (namely dewaxing, chlorite bleaching process, alkalization, and acid hydrolysis). 27987863 5 39 from range 1174:1178 arg1 fibers 1162:1167 fibers 1162:1167 fibers at a range of 51.6±15.4nm 1162:1193 In additional to that, the morphology study demonstrated that nanocellulose prepared by one-pot process rendered spider-web-like network nanostructure, with an average diameter of fibers at a range of 51.6±15.4nm. 27987863 5 39 from range 1174:1178 arg1 diameter 1150:1157 an average diameter 1139:1157 an average diameter of fibers at a range of 51.6±15.4nm 1139:1193 In additional to that, the morphology study demonstrated that nanocellulose prepared by one-pot process rendered spider-web-like network nanostructure, with an average diameter of fibers at a range of 51.6±15.4nm. 27987863 7 40 theme simple 1352:1357 arg1 technique 1337:1345 One-pot oxidative-hydrolysis technique 1308:1345 One-pot oxidative-hydrolysis technique 1308:1345 One-pot oxidative-hydrolysis technique is a simple and versatile route for the preparation of nanocellulose from complex biomass within 90°C and 6h period, with minimum wastewater as compared to the multistep process. 27987863 7 40 theme simple 1352:1357 arg1 route 1373:1377 a simple and versatile route 1350:1377 a simple and versatile route for the preparation of nanocellulose from complex biomass within 90°C and 6h period 1350:1461 One-pot oxidative-hydrolysis technique is a simple and versatile route for the preparation of nanocellulose from complex biomass within 90°C and 6h period, with minimum wastewater as compared to the multistep process. 27987863 2 41 theme chlorite 480:487 arg1 process 499:505 chlorite bleaching process 480:505 chlorite bleaching process 480:505 The physicochemical properties of nanocellulose prepared via one-pot process have shown comparable characteristics as products isolated via conventional multistep purification approach (namely dewaxing, chlorite bleaching process, alkalization, and acid hydrolysis). 27987863 0 42 theme cellulose 36:44 arg1 production 7:16 Facile production 0:16 Facile production of nanostructured cellulose from Elaeis guineensis empty fruit 0:79 Facile production of nanostructured cellulose from Elaeis guineensis empty fruit bunch via one pot oxidative-hydrolysis isolation approach. 27987863 5 43 theme 51.6±15.4nm 1183:1193 arg1 range 1174:1178 a range 1172:1178 a range of 51.6±15.4nm 1172:1193 In additional to that, the morphology study demonstrated that nanocellulose prepared by one-pot process rendered spider-web-like network nanostructure, with an average diameter of fibers at a range of 51.6±15.4nm. 27987863 0 44 from fruit 75:79 arg1 production 7:16 Facile production 0:16 Facile production of nanostructured cellulose from Elaeis guineensis empty fruit 0:79 Facile production of nanostructured cellulose from Elaeis guineensis empty fruit bunch via one pot oxidative-hydrolysis isolation approach. 27987863 0 45 dep Elaeis 51:56 arg1 guineensis 58:67 guineensis 58:67 guineensis 58:67 Facile production of nanostructured cellulose from Elaeis guineensis empty fruit bunch via one pot oxidative-hydrolysis isolation approach. 27987863 1 46 theme novel 231:235 arg1 technique 266:274 a novel one-pot oxidative-hydrolysis technique 229:274 a novel one-pot oxidative-hydrolysis technique 229:274 Cellulose in nanostructures was successfully isolated from empty fruit bunch biomass via a novel one-pot oxidative-hydrolysis technique. 27987863 7 47 with route 1373:1377 arg1 wastewater 1477:1486 minimum wastewater 1469:1486 minimum wastewater 1469:1486 One-pot oxidative-hydrolysis technique is a simple and versatile route for the preparation of nanocellulose from complex biomass within 90°C and 6h period, with minimum wastewater as compared to the multistep process. 27987863 3 48 theme composition 557:567 arg1 study 569:573 The chemical composition study 544:573 The chemical composition study 544:573 The chemical composition study indicated that the one-pot oxidative-hydrolysis process successfully extracted cellulose (91.0%), with the remaining minority being hemicellulose and lignin (∼6%) in the final product. 27987863 0 49 theme Elaeis 51:56 arg1 fruit 75:79 Elaeis guineensis empty fruit 51:79 Elaeis guineensis empty fruit 51:79 Facile production of nanostructured cellulose from Elaeis guineensis empty fruit bunch via one pot oxidative-hydrolysis isolation approach. 27987863 6 50 theme high 1229:1232 arg1 320°C 1253:1257 320°C 1253:1257 320°C 1253:1257 The nanocellulose product showed high thermal stability (320°C), which was ready for nanocomposite application. 27987863 6 50 theme high 1229:1232 arg1 stability 1242:1250 high thermal stability 1229:1250 high thermal stability (320°C) 1229:1258 The nanocellulose product showed high thermal stability (320°C), which was ready for nanocomposite application. 27987863 2 51 theme acid 526:529 arg1 hydrolysis 531:540 acid hydrolysis 526:540 acid hydrolysis 526:540 The physicochemical properties of nanocellulose prepared via one-pot process have shown comparable characteristics as products isolated via conventional multistep purification approach (namely dewaxing, chlorite bleaching process, alkalization, and acid hydrolysis). 27987863 5 52 theme one-pot 1070:1076 arg1 process 1078:1084 one-pot process 1070:1084 one-pot process 1070:1084 In additional to that, the morphology study demonstrated that nanocellulose prepared by one-pot process rendered spider-web-like network nanostructure, with an average diameter of fibers at a range of 51.6±15.4nm. 27987863 7 53 theme nanocellulose 1402:1414 arg1 preparation 1387:1397 the preparation 1383:1397 the preparation of nanocellulose from complex biomass within 90°C and 6h period 1383:1461 One-pot oxidative-hydrolysis technique is a simple and versatile route for the preparation of nanocellulose from complex biomass within 90°C and 6h period, with minimum wastewater as compared to the multistep process. 27987863 5 54 theme morphology 1009:1018 arg1 study 1020:1024 the morphology study 1005:1024 the morphology study 1005:1024 In additional to that, the morphology study demonstrated that nanocellulose prepared by one-pot process rendered spider-web-like network nanostructure, with an average diameter of fibers at a range of 51.6±15.4nm. 27987863 7 55 theme minimum 1469:1475 arg1 wastewater 1477:1486 minimum wastewater 1469:1486 minimum wastewater 1469:1486 One-pot oxidative-hydrolysis technique is a simple and versatile route for the preparation of nanocellulose from complex biomass within 90°C and 6h period, with minimum wastewater as compared to the multistep process. 27987863 4 56 theme treated 793:799 arg1 product 801:807 one-pot treated product 785:807 one-pot treated product (80.3%) 785:815 Crystallinity profile of one-pot treated product (80.3%) was higher than that of multistep isolated nanocellulose (75.4%), which indicated that the disorder region (amorphous) in cellulose fibers was successfully removed. 27987863 4 56 theme treated 793:799 arg1 % 814:814 80.3% 810:814 80.3% 810:814 Crystallinity profile of one-pot treated product (80.3%) was higher than that of multistep isolated nanocellulose (75.4%), which indicated that the disorder region (amorphous) in cellulose fibers was successfully removed. 27987863 1 57 theme one-pot 237:243 arg1 technique 266:274 a novel one-pot oxidative-hydrolysis technique 229:274 a novel one-pot oxidative-hydrolysis technique 229:274 Cellulose in nanostructures was successfully isolated from empty fruit bunch biomass via a novel one-pot oxidative-hydrolysis technique. 27987863 5 58 theme spider-web-like 1095:1109 arg1 nanostructure 1119:1131 spider-web-like network nanostructure 1095:1131 spider-web-like network nanostructure 1095:1131 In additional to that, the morphology study demonstrated that nanocellulose prepared by one-pot process rendered spider-web-like network nanostructure, with an average diameter of fibers at a range of 51.6±15.4nm. 27987863 2 59 dep approach 453:460 arg1 hydrolysis 531:540 acid hydrolysis 526:540 acid hydrolysis 526:540 The physicochemical properties of nanocellulose prepared via one-pot process have shown comparable characteristics as products isolated via conventional multistep purification approach (namely dewaxing, chlorite bleaching process, alkalization, and acid hydrolysis). 27987863 2 59 dep approach 453:460 arg1 dewaxing 470:477 dewaxing 470:477 dewaxing 470:477 The physicochemical properties of nanocellulose prepared via one-pot process have shown comparable characteristics as products isolated via conventional multistep purification approach (namely dewaxing, chlorite bleaching process, alkalization, and acid hydrolysis). 27987863 2 59 dep approach 453:460 arg1 alkalization 508:519 alkalization 508:519 alkalization 508:519 The physicochemical properties of nanocellulose prepared via one-pot process have shown comparable characteristics as products isolated via conventional multistep purification approach (namely dewaxing, chlorite bleaching process, alkalization, and acid hydrolysis). 27987863 2 59 dep approach 453:460 arg1 process 499:505 chlorite bleaching process 480:505 chlorite bleaching process 480:505 The physicochemical properties of nanocellulose prepared via one-pot process have shown comparable characteristics as products isolated via conventional multistep purification approach (namely dewaxing, chlorite bleaching process, alkalization, and acid hydrolysis). 27987863 3 60 theme one-pot 594:600 arg1 process 623:629 the one-pot oxidative-hydrolysis process 590:629 the one-pot oxidative-hydrolysis process 590:629 The chemical composition study indicated that the one-pot oxidative-hydrolysis process successfully extracted cellulose (91.0%), with the remaining minority being hemicellulose and lignin (∼6%) in the final product. 27987863 1 61 theme oxidative-hydrolysis 245:264 arg1 technique 266:274 a novel one-pot oxidative-hydrolysis technique 229:274 a novel one-pot oxidative-hydrolysis technique 229:274 Cellulose in nanostructures was successfully isolated from empty fruit bunch biomass via a novel one-pot oxidative-hydrolysis technique. 27987863 5 62 theme network 1111:1117 arg1 nanostructure 1119:1131 spider-web-like network nanostructure 1095:1131 spider-web-like network nanostructure 1095:1131 In additional to that, the morphology study demonstrated that nanocellulose prepared by one-pot process rendered spider-web-like network nanostructure, with an average diameter of fibers at a range of 51.6±15.4nm. 27987863 2 63 theme physicochemical 281:295 arg1 properties 297:306 The physicochemical properties 277:306 The physicochemical properties of nanocellulose prepared via one-pot process 277:352 The physicochemical properties of nanocellulose prepared via one-pot process have shown comparable characteristics as products isolated via conventional multistep purification approach (namely dewaxing, chlorite bleaching process, alkalization, and acid hydrolysis). 27987863 2 64 theme purification 440:451 arg1 approach 453:460 conventional multistep purification approach 417:460 conventional multistep purification approach (namely dewaxing, chlorite bleaching process, alkalization, and acid hydrolysis) 417:541 The physicochemical properties of nanocellulose prepared via one-pot process have shown comparable characteristics as products isolated via conventional multistep purification approach (namely dewaxing, chlorite bleaching process, alkalization, and acid hydrolysis). 27987863 0 65 theme empty 69:73 arg1 fruit 75:79 Elaeis guineensis empty fruit 51:79 Elaeis guineensis empty fruit 51:79 Facile production of nanostructured cellulose from Elaeis guineensis empty fruit bunch via one pot oxidative-hydrolysis isolation approach. 27987863 4 66 from region 917:922 arg1 fibers 949:954 cellulose fibers 939:954 cellulose fibers 939:954 Crystallinity profile of one-pot treated product (80.3%) was higher than that of multistep isolated nanocellulose (75.4%), which indicated that the disorder region (amorphous) in cellulose fibers was successfully removed. 27987863 4 67 theme multistep 841:849 arg1 nanocellulose 860:872 multistep isolated nanocellulose 841:872 multistep isolated nanocellulose (75.4%) 841:880 Crystallinity profile of one-pot treated product (80.3%) was higher than that of multistep isolated nanocellulose (75.4%), which indicated that the disorder region (amorphous) in cellulose fibers was successfully removed. 27987863 4 67 theme multistep 841:849 arg1 % 879:879 75.4% 875:879 75.4% 875:879 Crystallinity profile of one-pot treated product (80.3%) was higher than that of multistep isolated nanocellulose (75.4%), which indicated that the disorder region (amorphous) in cellulose fibers was successfully removed. 27987863 7 68 theme One-pot 1308:1314 arg1 technique 1337:1345 One-pot oxidative-hydrolysis technique 1308:1345 One-pot oxidative-hydrolysis technique 1308:1345 One-pot oxidative-hydrolysis technique is a simple and versatile route for the preparation of nanocellulose from complex biomass within 90°C and 6h period, with minimum wastewater as compared to the multistep process. 27987863 7 68 theme One-pot 1308:1314 arg1 route 1373:1377 a simple and versatile route 1350:1377 a simple and versatile route for the preparation of nanocellulose from complex biomass within 90°C and 6h period 1350:1461 One-pot oxidative-hydrolysis technique is a simple and versatile route for the preparation of nanocellulose from complex biomass within 90°C and 6h period, with minimum wastewater as compared to the multistep process. 27987863 2 69 theme multistep 430:438 arg1 approach 453:460 conventional multistep purification approach 417:460 conventional multistep purification approach (namely dewaxing, chlorite bleaching process, alkalization, and acid hydrolysis) 417:541 The physicochemical properties of nanocellulose prepared via one-pot process have shown comparable characteristics as products isolated via conventional multistep purification approach (namely dewaxing, chlorite bleaching process, alkalization, and acid hydrolysis). 27455623 3 0 gly homogeneity 639:649 arg1 nanoparticles 660:672 Fe3O4 nanoparticles 654:672 Fe3O4 nanoparticles 654:672 The implementation of a sonication treatment of a mixture containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles and carboxymethyl chitosan before the emulsion process significantly promoted the homogeneity of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in an aqueous phase system. 27455623 6 1 theme composite 1193:1201 arg1 nanospheres 1203:1213 The as-obtained composite nanospheres 1177:1213 The as-obtained composite nanospheres 1177:1213 The as-obtained composite nanospheres could serve as a promising candidate for fast and efficient protein adsorption. 27455623 6 1 theme composite 1193:1201 arg1 candidate 1242:1250 a promising candidate 1230:1250 a promising candidate for fast and efficient protein adsorption 1230:1292 The as-obtained composite nanospheres could serve as a promising candidate for fast and efficient protein adsorption. 27455623 4 2 from nm 817:818 arg1 size 823:826 size 823:826 size 823:826 The Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres were of uniform spherical structure, were approximately 230 nm in size, and possessed superparamagnetic characteristics with a mean saturation magnetization as high as 35 emu g(-1), corresponding to a magnetite content of 43%. 27455623 5 3 theme ion 1084:1086 arg1 strength 1088:1095 ion strength 1084:1095 ion strength 1084:1095 Lysozyme was then employed as a model protein to investigate the effects of pH, incubation time and ion strength on the protein adsorption capacity of the as-synthesized composite nanospheres. 27455623 5 4 theme time 1075:1078 arg1 effects 1049:1055 the effects 1045:1055 the effects of pH, incubation time and ion strength on the protein adsorption capacity of the as-synthesized composite nanospheres 1045:1174 Lysozyme was then employed as a model protein to investigate the effects of pH, incubation time and ion strength on the protein adsorption capacity of the as-synthesized composite nanospheres. 27455623 4 5 theme % 981:981 arg1 content 968:974 a magnetite content 956:974 a magnetite content of 43% 956:981 The Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres were of uniform spherical structure, were approximately 230 nm in size, and possessed superparamagnetic characteristics with a mean saturation magnetization as high as 35 emu g(-1), corresponding to a magnetite content of 43%. 27455623 6 6 theme promising 1232:1240 arg1 nanospheres 1203:1213 The as-obtained composite nanospheres 1177:1213 The as-obtained composite nanospheres 1177:1213 The as-obtained composite nanospheres could serve as a promising candidate for fast and efficient protein adsorption. 27455623 6 6 theme promising 1232:1240 arg1 candidate 1242:1250 a promising candidate 1230:1250 a promising candidate for fast and efficient protein adsorption 1230:1292 The as-obtained composite nanospheres could serve as a promising candidate for fast and efficient protein adsorption. 27455623 1 7 theme cross-linking 315:327 arg1 genipin 302:308 genipin 302:308 genipin 302:308 In this study, uniform superparamagnetic Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres with high saturation magnetization were successfully synthesized via a modified inverse emulsion crosslinking approach, using genipin as a cross-linking agent. 27455623 1 7 theme cross-linking 315:327 arg1 agent 329:333 a cross-linking agent 313:333 a cross-linking agent 313:333 In this study, uniform superparamagnetic Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres with high saturation magnetization were successfully synthesized via a modified inverse emulsion crosslinking approach, using genipin as a cross-linking agent. 27455623 6 8 theme fast 1256:1259 arg1 adsorption 1283:1292 fast and efficient protein adsorption 1256:1292 fast and efficient protein adsorption 1256:1292 The as-obtained composite nanospheres could serve as a promising candidate for fast and efficient protein adsorption. 27455623 4 9 contain possessed 833:841 arg2 characteristics 861:875 superparamagnetic characteristics 843:875 superparamagnetic characteristics with a mean saturation magnetization 843:912 The Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres were of uniform spherical structure, were approximately 230 nm in size, and possessed superparamagnetic characteristics with a mean saturation magnetization as high as 35 emu g(-1), corresponding to a magnetite content of 43%. 27455623 4 9 contain possessed 833:841 arg1 nanospheres 745:755 The Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres 702:755 The Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres 702:755 The Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres were of uniform spherical structure, were approximately 230 nm in size, and possessed superparamagnetic characteristics with a mean saturation magnetization as high as 35 emu g(-1), corresponding to a magnetite content of 43%. 27455623 4 10 theme saturation 889:898 arg1 magnetization 900:912 a mean saturation magnetization 882:912 a mean saturation magnetization 882:912 The Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres were of uniform spherical structure, were approximately 230 nm in size, and possessed superparamagnetic characteristics with a mean saturation magnetization as high as 35 emu g(-1), corresponding to a magnetite content of 43%. 27455623 3 11 theme Fe3O4 654:658 arg1 nanoparticles 660:672 Fe3O4 nanoparticles 654:672 Fe3O4 nanoparticles 654:672 The implementation of a sonication treatment of a mixture containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles and carboxymethyl chitosan before the emulsion process significantly promoted the homogeneity of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in an aqueous phase system. 27455623 3 12 theme aqueous 680:686 arg1 system 694:699 an aqueous phase system 677:699 an aqueous phase system 677:699 The implementation of a sonication treatment of a mixture containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles and carboxymethyl chitosan before the emulsion process significantly promoted the homogeneity of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in an aqueous phase system. 27455623 4 13 theme spherical 773:781 arg1 structure 783:791 uniform spherical structure 765:791 uniform spherical structure 765:791 The Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres were of uniform spherical structure, were approximately 230 nm in size, and possessed superparamagnetic characteristics with a mean saturation magnetization as high as 35 emu g(-1), corresponding to a magnetite content of 43%. 27455623 1 14 with nanospheres 164:174 arg1 magnetization 197:209 high saturation magnetization 181:209 high saturation magnetization 181:209 In this study, uniform superparamagnetic Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres with high saturation magnetization were successfully synthesized via a modified inverse emulsion crosslinking approach, using genipin as a cross-linking agent. 27455623 6 15 theme as-obtained 1181:1191 arg1 nanospheres 1203:1213 The as-obtained composite nanospheres 1177:1213 The as-obtained composite nanospheres 1177:1213 The as-obtained composite nanospheres could serve as a promising candidate for fast and efficient protein adsorption. 27455623 6 15 theme as-obtained 1181:1191 arg1 candidate 1242:1250 a promising candidate 1230:1250 a promising candidate for fast and efficient protein adsorption 1230:1292 The as-obtained composite nanospheres could serve as a promising candidate for fast and efficient protein adsorption. 27455623 5 16 theme pH 1060:1061 arg1 effects 1049:1055 the effects 1045:1055 the effects of pH, incubation time and ion strength on the protein adsorption capacity of the as-synthesized composite nanospheres 1045:1174 Lysozyme was then employed as a model protein to investigate the effects of pH, incubation time and ion strength on the protein adsorption capacity of the as-synthesized composite nanospheres. 27455623 4 17 theme Fe3O4/carboxymethyl 706:724 arg1 nanospheres 745:755 The Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres 702:755 The Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres 702:755 The Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres were of uniform spherical structure, were approximately 230 nm in size, and possessed superparamagnetic characteristics with a mean saturation magnetization as high as 35 emu g(-1), corresponding to a magnetite content of 43%. 27455623 3 18 theme mixture 518:524 arg1 treatment 503:511 a sonication treatment 490:511 a sonication treatment of a mixture containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles and carboxymethyl chitosan before the emulsion process 490:610 The implementation of a sonication treatment of a mixture containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles and carboxymethyl chitosan before the emulsion process significantly promoted the homogeneity of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in an aqueous phase system. 27455623 0 19 theme Superparamagnetic 8:24 arg1 Composite 37:45 Uniform Superparamagnetic Fe3O4/CMCS Composite 0:45 Uniform Superparamagnetic Fe3O4/CMCS Composite 0:45 Uniform Superparamagnetic Fe3O4/CMCS Composite Nanospheres for Lysozyme Adsorption. 27455623 4 20 theme magnetite 958:966 arg1 content 968:974 a magnetite content 956:974 a magnetite content of 43% 956:981 The Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres were of uniform spherical structure, were approximately 230 nm in size, and possessed superparamagnetic characteristics with a mean saturation magnetization as high as 35 emu g(-1), corresponding to a magnetite content of 43%. 27455623 4 21 theme mean 884:887 arg1 magnetization 900:912 a mean saturation magnetization 882:912 a mean saturation magnetization 882:912 The Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres were of uniform spherical structure, were approximately 230 nm in size, and possessed superparamagnetic characteristics with a mean saturation magnetization as high as 35 emu g(-1), corresponding to a magnetite content of 43%. 27455623 4 22 from structure 783:791 arg1 size 823:826 size 823:826 size 823:826 The Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres were of uniform spherical structure, were approximately 230 nm in size, and possessed superparamagnetic characteristics with a mean saturation magnetization as high as 35 emu g(-1), corresponding to a magnetite content of 43%. 27455623 3 23 theme treatment 503:511 arg1 implementation 472:485 The implementation 468:485 The implementation of a sonication treatment of a mixture containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles and carboxymethyl chitosan before the emulsion process 468:610 The implementation of a sonication treatment of a mixture containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles and carboxymethyl chitosan before the emulsion process significantly promoted the homogeneity of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in an aqueous phase system. 27455623 0 24 theme Uniform 0:6 arg1 Composite 37:45 Uniform Superparamagnetic Fe3O4/CMCS Composite 0:45 Uniform Superparamagnetic Fe3O4/CMCS Composite 0:45 Uniform Superparamagnetic Fe3O4/CMCS Composite Nanospheres for Lysozyme Adsorption. 27455623 1 25 theme uniform 99:105 arg1 nanospheres 164:174 uniform superparamagnetic Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres 99:174 uniform superparamagnetic Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres with high saturation magnetization 99:209 In this study, uniform superparamagnetic Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres with high saturation magnetization were successfully synthesized via a modified inverse emulsion crosslinking approach, using genipin as a cross-linking agent. 27455623 2 26 theme various 448:454 arg1 conditions 456:465 various conditions 448:465 various conditions 448:465 These nanospheres were then characterized, and their protein adsorption capacity was further investigated under various conditions. 27455623 1 27 theme superparamagnetic 107:123 arg1 nanospheres 164:174 uniform superparamagnetic Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres 99:174 uniform superparamagnetic Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres with high saturation magnetization 99:209 In this study, uniform superparamagnetic Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres with high saturation magnetization were successfully synthesized via a modified inverse emulsion crosslinking approach, using genipin as a cross-linking agent. 27455623 5 28 theme strength 1088:1095 arg1 effects 1049:1055 the effects 1045:1055 the effects of pH, incubation time and ion strength on the protein adsorption capacity of the as-synthesized composite nanospheres 1045:1174 Lysozyme was then employed as a model protein to investigate the effects of pH, incubation time and ion strength on the protein adsorption capacity of the as-synthesized composite nanospheres. 27455623 1 29 theme modified 247:254 arg1 approach 286:293 a modified inverse emulsion crosslinking approach 245:293 a modified inverse emulsion crosslinking approach 245:293 In this study, uniform superparamagnetic Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres with high saturation magnetization were successfully synthesized via a modified inverse emulsion crosslinking approach, using genipin as a cross-linking agent. 27455623 0 30 theme Fe3O4/CMCS 26:35 arg1 Composite 37:45 Uniform Superparamagnetic Fe3O4/CMCS Composite 0:45 Uniform Superparamagnetic Fe3O4/CMCS Composite 0:45 Uniform Superparamagnetic Fe3O4/CMCS Composite Nanospheres for Lysozyme Adsorption. 27455623 6 31 theme efficient 1265:1273 arg1 adsorption 1283:1292 fast and efficient protein adsorption 1256:1292 fast and efficient protein adsorption 1256:1292 The as-obtained composite nanospheres could serve as a promising candidate for fast and efficient protein adsorption. 27455623 5 32 theme as-synthesized 1139:1152 arg1 nanospheres 1164:1174 the as-synthesized composite nanospheres 1135:1174 the as-synthesized composite nanospheres 1135:1174 Lysozyme was then employed as a model protein to investigate the effects of pH, incubation time and ion strength on the protein adsorption capacity of the as-synthesized composite nanospheres. 27455623 1 33 theme Fe3O4/carboxymethyl 125:143 arg1 nanospheres 164:174 uniform superparamagnetic Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres 99:174 uniform superparamagnetic Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres with high saturation magnetization 99:209 In this study, uniform superparamagnetic Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres with high saturation magnetization were successfully synthesized via a modified inverse emulsion crosslinking approach, using genipin as a cross-linking agent. 27455623 1 34 theme inverse 256:262 arg1 approach 286:293 a modified inverse emulsion crosslinking approach 245:293 a modified inverse emulsion crosslinking approach 245:293 In this study, uniform superparamagnetic Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres with high saturation magnetization were successfully synthesized via a modified inverse emulsion crosslinking approach, using genipin as a cross-linking agent. 27455623 3 35 theme emulsion 595:602 arg1 process 604:610 the emulsion process 591:610 the emulsion process 591:610 The implementation of a sonication treatment of a mixture containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles and carboxymethyl chitosan before the emulsion process significantly promoted the homogeneity of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in an aqueous phase system. 27455623 2 36 theme adsorption 397:406 arg1 capacity 408:415 their protein adsorption capacity 383:415 their protein adsorption capacity 383:415 These nanospheres were then characterized, and their protein adsorption capacity was further investigated under various conditions. 27455623 3 37 contain containing 526:535 arg1 mixture 518:524 a mixture 516:524 a mixture containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles and carboxymethyl chitosan before the emulsion process 516:610 The implementation of a sonication treatment of a mixture containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles and carboxymethyl chitosan before the emulsion process significantly promoted the homogeneity of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in an aqueous phase system. 27455623 3 37 contain containing 526:535 arg2 chitosan 575:582 carboxymethyl chitosan 561:582 carboxymethyl chitosan 561:582 The implementation of a sonication treatment of a mixture containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles and carboxymethyl chitosan before the emulsion process significantly promoted the homogeneity of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in an aqueous phase system. 27455623 3 37 contain containing 526:535 arg2 nanoparticles 543:555 Fe3O4 nanoparticles 537:555 Fe3O4 nanoparticles 537:555 The implementation of a sonication treatment of a mixture containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles and carboxymethyl chitosan before the emulsion process significantly promoted the homogeneity of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in an aqueous phase system. 27455623 4 38 theme uniform 765:771 arg1 structure 783:791 uniform spherical structure 765:791 uniform spherical structure 765:791 The Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres were of uniform spherical structure, were approximately 230 nm in size, and possessed superparamagnetic characteristics with a mean saturation magnetization as high as 35 emu g(-1), corresponding to a magnetite content of 43%. 27455623 1 39 theme emulsion 264:271 arg1 approach 286:293 a modified inverse emulsion crosslinking approach 245:293 a modified inverse emulsion crosslinking approach 245:293 In this study, uniform superparamagnetic Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres with high saturation magnetization were successfully synthesized via a modified inverse emulsion crosslinking approach, using genipin as a cross-linking agent. 27455623 3 40 theme sonication 492:501 arg1 treatment 503:511 a sonication treatment 490:511 a sonication treatment of a mixture containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles and carboxymethyl chitosan before the emulsion process 490:610 The implementation of a sonication treatment of a mixture containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles and carboxymethyl chitosan before the emulsion process significantly promoted the homogeneity of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in an aqueous phase system. 27455623 5 41 theme nanospheres 1164:1174 arg1 capacity 1123:1130 the protein adsorption capacity 1100:1130 the protein adsorption capacity of the as-synthesized composite nanospheres 1100:1174 Lysozyme was then employed as a model protein to investigate the effects of pH, incubation time and ion strength on the protein adsorption capacity of the as-synthesized composite nanospheres. 27455623 1 42 theme crosslinking 273:284 arg1 approach 286:293 a modified inverse emulsion crosslinking approach 245:293 a modified inverse emulsion crosslinking approach 245:293 In this study, uniform superparamagnetic Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres with high saturation magnetization were successfully synthesized via a modified inverse emulsion crosslinking approach, using genipin as a cross-linking agent. 27455623 5 43 from effects 1049:1055 arg1 capacity 1123:1130 the protein adsorption capacity 1100:1130 the protein adsorption capacity of the as-synthesized composite nanospheres 1100:1174 Lysozyme was then employed as a model protein to investigate the effects of pH, incubation time and ion strength on the protein adsorption capacity of the as-synthesized composite nanospheres. 27455623 3 44 theme phase 688:692 arg1 system 694:699 an aqueous phase system 677:699 an aqueous phase system 677:699 The implementation of a sonication treatment of a mixture containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles and carboxymethyl chitosan before the emulsion process significantly promoted the homogeneity of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in an aqueous phase system. 27455623 1 45 theme chitosan 145:152 arg1 nanospheres 164:174 uniform superparamagnetic Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres 99:174 uniform superparamagnetic Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres with high saturation magnetization 99:209 In this study, uniform superparamagnetic Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres with high saturation magnetization were successfully synthesized via a modified inverse emulsion crosslinking approach, using genipin as a cross-linking agent. 27455623 0 46 theme Lysozyme 63:70 arg1 Adsorption 72:81 Lysozyme Adsorption 63:81 Lysozyme Adsorption 63:81 Uniform Superparamagnetic Fe3O4/CMCS Composite Nanospheres for Lysozyme Adsorption. 27455623 6 47 theme protein 1275:1281 arg1 adsorption 1283:1292 fast and efficient protein adsorption 1256:1292 fast and efficient protein adsorption 1256:1292 The as-obtained composite nanospheres could serve as a promising candidate for fast and efficient protein adsorption. 27455623 5 48 theme adsorption 1112:1121 arg1 capacity 1123:1130 the protein adsorption capacity 1100:1130 the protein adsorption capacity of the as-synthesized composite nanospheres 1100:1174 Lysozyme was then employed as a model protein to investigate the effects of pH, incubation time and ion strength on the protein adsorption capacity of the as-synthesized composite nanospheres. 27455623 5 49 theme protein 1104:1110 arg1 capacity 1123:1130 the protein adsorption capacity 1100:1130 the protein adsorption capacity of the as-synthesized composite nanospheres 1100:1174 Lysozyme was then employed as a model protein to investigate the effects of pH, incubation time and ion strength on the protein adsorption capacity of the as-synthesized composite nanospheres. 27455623 1 50 theme composite 154:162 arg1 nanospheres 164:174 uniform superparamagnetic Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres 99:174 uniform superparamagnetic Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres with high saturation magnetization 99:209 In this study, uniform superparamagnetic Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres with high saturation magnetization were successfully synthesized via a modified inverse emulsion crosslinking approach, using genipin as a cross-linking agent. 27455623 4 51 with characteristics 861:875 arg1 magnetization 900:912 a mean saturation magnetization 882:912 a mean saturation magnetization 882:912 The Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres were of uniform spherical structure, were approximately 230 nm in size, and possessed superparamagnetic characteristics with a mean saturation magnetization as high as 35 emu g(-1), corresponding to a magnetite content of 43%. 27455623 5 52 theme incubation 1064:1073 arg1 time 1075:1078 incubation time 1064:1078 incubation time 1064:1078 Lysozyme was then employed as a model protein to investigate the effects of pH, incubation time and ion strength on the protein adsorption capacity of the as-synthesized composite nanospheres. 27455623 2 53 theme protein 389:395 arg1 capacity 408:415 their protein adsorption capacity 383:415 their protein adsorption capacity 383:415 These nanospheres were then characterized, and their protein adsorption capacity was further investigated under various conditions. 27455623 3 54 theme nanoparticles 660:672 arg1 homogeneity 639:649 the homogeneity 635:649 the homogeneity of Fe3O4 nanoparticles 635:672 The implementation of a sonication treatment of a mixture containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles and carboxymethyl chitosan before the emulsion process significantly promoted the homogeneity of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in an aqueous phase system. 27455623 4 55 theme chitosan 726:733 arg1 nanospheres 745:755 The Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres 702:755 The Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres 702:755 The Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres were of uniform spherical structure, were approximately 230 nm in size, and possessed superparamagnetic characteristics with a mean saturation magnetization as high as 35 emu g(-1), corresponding to a magnetite content of 43%. 27455623 4 56 theme superparamagnetic 843:859 arg1 characteristics 861:875 superparamagnetic characteristics 843:875 superparamagnetic characteristics with a mean saturation magnetization 843:912 The Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres were of uniform spherical structure, were approximately 230 nm in size, and possessed superparamagnetic characteristics with a mean saturation magnetization as high as 35 emu g(-1), corresponding to a magnetite content of 43%. 27455623 5 57 theme composite 1154:1162 arg1 nanospheres 1164:1174 the as-synthesized composite nanospheres 1135:1174 the as-synthesized composite nanospheres 1135:1174 Lysozyme was then employed as a model protein to investigate the effects of pH, incubation time and ion strength on the protein adsorption capacity of the as-synthesized composite nanospheres. 27455623 5 58 theme model 1016:1020 arg1 protein 1022:1028 a model protein 1014:1028 a model protein 1014:1028 Lysozyme was then employed as a model protein to investigate the effects of pH, incubation time and ion strength on the protein adsorption capacity of the as-synthesized composite nanospheres. 27455623 5 58 theme model 1016:1020 arg1 Lysozyme 984:991 Lysozyme 984:991 Lysozyme 984:991 Lysozyme was then employed as a model protein to investigate the effects of pH, incubation time and ion strength on the protein adsorption capacity of the as-synthesized composite nanospheres. 27455623 3 59 theme carboxymethyl 561:573 arg1 chitosan 575:582 carboxymethyl chitosan 561:582 carboxymethyl chitosan 561:582 The implementation of a sonication treatment of a mixture containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles and carboxymethyl chitosan before the emulsion process significantly promoted the homogeneity of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in an aqueous phase system. 27455623 3 60 theme Fe3O4 537:541 arg1 nanoparticles 543:555 Fe3O4 nanoparticles 537:555 Fe3O4 nanoparticles 537:555 The implementation of a sonication treatment of a mixture containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles and carboxymethyl chitosan before the emulsion process significantly promoted the homogeneity of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in an aqueous phase system. 27455623 1 61 theme high 181:184 arg1 magnetization 197:209 high saturation magnetization 181:209 high saturation magnetization 181:209 In this study, uniform superparamagnetic Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres with high saturation magnetization were successfully synthesized via a modified inverse emulsion crosslinking approach, using genipin as a cross-linking agent. 27455623 4 62 theme emu 928:930 arg1 -1 934:935 -1 934:935 -1 934:935 The Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres were of uniform spherical structure, were approximately 230 nm in size, and possessed superparamagnetic characteristics with a mean saturation magnetization as high as 35 emu g(-1), corresponding to a magnetite content of 43%. 27455623 4 62 theme emu 928:930 arg1 g 932:932 35 emu g 925:932 35 emu g(-1) 925:936 The Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres were of uniform spherical structure, were approximately 230 nm in size, and possessed superparamagnetic characteristics with a mean saturation magnetization as high as 35 emu g(-1), corresponding to a magnetite content of 43%. 27455623 1 63 theme saturation 186:195 arg1 magnetization 197:209 high saturation magnetization 181:209 high saturation magnetization 181:209 In this study, uniform superparamagnetic Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres with high saturation magnetization were successfully synthesized via a modified inverse emulsion crosslinking approach, using genipin as a cross-linking agent. 27455623 4 64 theme composite 735:743 arg1 nanospheres 745:755 The Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres 702:755 The Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres 702:755 The Fe3O4/carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanospheres were of uniform spherical structure, were approximately 230 nm in size, and possessed superparamagnetic characteristics with a mean saturation magnetization as high as 35 emu g(-1), corresponding to a magnetite content of 43%. 26142868 6 0 theme 0.2-µm 871:876 arg1 membranes 886:894 0.2-µm ceramic membranes 871:894 0.2-µm ceramic membranes at 55 to 58°C 871:908 Sweet cream BM from industrial churning was skimmed before MF with 0.2-µm ceramic membranes at 55 to 58°C. 26142868 11 1 contain contained 1621:1629 arg2 casein 1651:1656 casein 1651:1656 casein 1651:1656 The BMWPC contained less total protein, casein, and lactose compared with SMWPC, as well as higher contents of fat and citric acid. 26142868 11 1 contain contained 1621:1629 arg2 protein 1642:1648 less total protein 1631:1648 less total protein 1631:1648 The BMWPC contained less total protein, casein, and lactose compared with SMWPC, as well as higher contents of fat and citric acid. 26142868 11 1 contain contained 1621:1629 arg1 BMWPC 1615:1619 The BMWPC 1611:1619 The BMWPC 1611:1619 The BMWPC contained less total protein, casein, and lactose compared with SMWPC, as well as higher contents of fat and citric acid. 26142868 11 1 contain contained 1621:1629 arg2 lactose 1663:1669 lactose 1663:1669 lactose 1663:1669 The BMWPC contained less total protein, casein, and lactose compared with SMWPC, as well as higher contents of fat and citric acid. 26142868 8 2 theme pasteurized 1176:1186 arg1 water 1192:1196 pasteurized tap water 1176:1196 pasteurized tap water 1176:1196 The ultrafiltration and diafiltration was performed at 50°C using pasteurized tap water and a membrane with a 20-kDa cut-off to retain as little lactose as possible in the final WPC powders. 26142868 5 3 theme casein- 684:690 arg1 fraction 719:726 a casein- and phospholipid (PL)-rich fraction 682:726 a casein- and phospholipid (PL)-rich fraction by the MF of BM 682:742 Through the production of WPC powder and a casein- and phospholipid (PL)-rich fraction by the MF of BM, sweet BM may be used in a more optimal and economical way. 26142868 7 4 theme same 968:971 arg1 conditions 973:982 the same conditions 964:982 the same conditions using the same process 964:1005 The fractionations of BM and SM were performed under the same conditions using the same process, and the whey protein fractions from BM and SM were concentrated by ultrafiltration and diafiltration. 26142868 9 5 theme functional 1361:1370 arg1 properties 1372:1381 their functional properties 1355:1381 their functional properties 1355:1381 The ultrafiltrates were subsequently spray dried, and their functional properties and chemical compositions were compared. 26142868 12 6 theme 7.0 1816:1818 arg1 values 1798:1803 pH values 1795:1803 pH values of 4.6 and 7.0 1795:1818 No difference in protein solubility was observed at pH values of 4.6 and 7.0, and the overrun was the same for BMWPC and SMWPC; however, the BMWPC made less stable foam than SMWPC. 26142868 11 7 theme citric 1730:1735 arg1 acid 1737:1740 citric acid 1730:1740 citric acid 1730:1740 The BMWPC contained less total protein, casein, and lactose compared with SMWPC, as well as higher contents of fat and citric acid. 26142868 6 8 with MF 863:864 arg1 membranes 886:894 0.2-µm ceramic membranes 871:894 0.2-µm ceramic membranes at 55 to 58°C 871:908 Sweet cream BM from industrial churning was skimmed before MF with 0.2-µm ceramic membranes at 55 to 58°C. 26142868 12 9 theme stable 1900:1905 arg1 foam 1907:1910 less stable foam 1895:1910 less stable foam 1895:1910 No difference in protein solubility was observed at pH values of 4.6 and 7.0, and the overrun was the same for BMWPC and SMWPC; however, the BMWPC made less stable foam than SMWPC. 26142868 7 10 theme protein 1021:1027 arg1 fractions 1029:1037 the whey protein fractions 1012:1037 the whey protein fractions from BM and SM 1012:1052 The fractionations of BM and SM were performed under the same conditions using the same process, and the whey protein fractions from BM and SM were concentrated by ultrafiltration and diafiltration. 26142868 12 11 from difference 1746:1755 arg1 solubility 1768:1777 protein solubility 1760:1777 protein solubility 1760:1777 No difference in protein solubility was observed at pH values of 4.6 and 7.0, and the overrun was the same for BMWPC and SMWPC; however, the BMWPC made less stable foam than SMWPC. 26142868 10 12 theme PL 1456:1457 arg1 PL 1456:1457 PL 1456:1457 PL 1456:1457 The amounts of whey protein and PL in the WPC powder from BM (BMWPC) were comparable to the amounts found in the WPC from SM (SMWPC); however, the composition of the PL classes differed. 26142868 10 12 theme PL 1456:1457 arg1 amounts 1428:1434 The amounts 1424:1434 The amounts of whey protein and PL in the WPC powder from BM (BMWPC) 1424:1491 The amounts of whey protein and PL in the WPC powder from BM (BMWPC) were comparable to the amounts found in the WPC from SM (SMWPC); however, the composition of the PL classes differed. 26142868 10 12 theme PL 1456:1457 arg1 protein 1444:1450 whey protein 1439:1450 whey protein 1439:1450 The amounts of whey protein and PL in the WPC powder from BM (BMWPC) were comparable to the amounts found in the WPC from SM (SMWPC); however, the composition of the PL classes differed. 26142868 10 12 theme PL 1456:1457 arg1 comparable 1498:1507 comparable 1498:1507 comparable 1498:1507 The amounts of whey protein and PL in the WPC powder from BM (BMWPC) were comparable to the amounts found in the WPC from SM (SMWPC); however, the composition of the PL classes differed. 26142868 8 13 theme tap 1188:1190 arg1 water 1192:1196 pasteurized tap water 1176:1196 pasteurized tap water 1176:1196 The ultrafiltration and diafiltration was performed at 50°C using pasteurized tap water and a membrane with a 20-kDa cut-off to retain as little lactose as possible in the final WPC powders. 26142868 5 14 theme economical 788:797 arg1 way 799:801 a more optimal and economical way 769:801 a more optimal and economical way 769:801 Through the production of WPC powder and a casein- and phospholipid (PL)-rich fraction by the MF of BM, sweet BM may be used in a more optimal and economical way. 26142868 7 15 theme whey 1016:1019 arg1 fractions 1029:1037 the whey protein fractions 1012:1037 the whey protein fractions from BM and SM 1012:1052 The fractionations of BM and SM were performed under the same conditions using the same process, and the whey protein fractions from BM and SM were concentrated by ultrafiltration and diafiltration. 26142868 12 16 theme 4.6 1808:1810 arg1 values 1798:1803 pH values 1795:1803 pH values of 4.6 and 7.0 1795:1818 No difference in protein solubility was observed at pH values of 4.6 and 7.0, and the overrun was the same for BMWPC and SMWPC; however, the BMWPC made less stable foam than SMWPC. 26142868 7 17 theme SM 940:941 arg1 fractionations 915:928 The fractionations 911:928 The fractionations of BM and SM 911:941 The fractionations of BM and SM were performed under the same conditions using the same process, and the whey protein fractions from BM and SM were concentrated by ultrafiltration and diafiltration. 26142868 10 18 theme whey 1439:1442 arg1 protein 1444:1450 whey protein 1439:1450 whey protein 1439:1450 The amounts of whey protein and PL in the WPC powder from BM (BMWPC) were comparable to the amounts found in the WPC from SM (SMWPC); however, the composition of the PL classes differed. 26142868 6 19 dep 58°C 905:908 arg1 to 902:903 to 902:903 to 902:903 Sweet cream BM from industrial churning was skimmed before MF with 0.2-µm ceramic membranes at 55 to 58°C. 26142868 3 20 theme skim 404:407 arg1 SM 415:416 SM 415:416 SM 415:416 At present, microfiltration (MF) enables the utilization of whey from skim milk (SM) through milk protein fractionation. 26142868 3 20 theme skim 404:407 arg1 milk 409:412 skim milk 404:412 skim milk (SM) 404:417 At present, microfiltration (MF) enables the utilization of whey from skim milk (SM) through milk protein fractionation. 26142868 5 21 theme WPC 667:669 arg1 powder 671:676 WPC powder 667:676 WPC powder 667:676 Through the production of WPC powder and a casein- and phospholipid (PL)-rich fraction by the MF of BM, sweet BM may be used in a more optimal and economical way. 26142868 8 22 from powders 1292:1298 arg1 possible 1266:1273 possible 1266:1273 possible 1266:1273 The ultrafiltration and diafiltration was performed at 50°C using pasteurized tap water and a membrane with a 20-kDa cut-off to retain as little lactose as possible in the final WPC powders. 26142868 2 23 theme protein 263:269 arg1 WPC 285:287 WPC 285:287 WPC 285:287 Traditionally, whey protein concentrates (WPC) and isolates are produced from cheese whey. 26142868 2 23 theme protein 263:269 arg1 concentrates 271:282 whey protein concentrates 258:282 whey protein concentrates (WPC) 258:288 Traditionally, whey protein concentrates (WPC) and isolates are produced from cheese whey. 26142868 4 24 theme functional 588:597 arg1 properties 599:608 functional properties 588:608 functional properties 588:608 This study demonstrates that buttermilk (BM) can be a potential source for the production of a WPC with a comparable composition and functional properties to a WPC obtained by MF of SM. 26142868 10 25 theme protein 1444:1450 arg1 PL 1456:1457 PL 1456:1457 PL 1456:1457 The amounts of whey protein and PL in the WPC powder from BM (BMWPC) were comparable to the amounts found in the WPC from SM (SMWPC); however, the composition of the PL classes differed. 26142868 10 25 theme protein 1444:1450 arg1 amounts 1428:1434 The amounts 1424:1434 The amounts of whey protein and PL in the WPC powder from BM (BMWPC) 1424:1491 The amounts of whey protein and PL in the WPC powder from BM (BMWPC) were comparable to the amounts found in the WPC from SM (SMWPC); however, the composition of the PL classes differed. 26142868 10 25 theme protein 1444:1450 arg1 protein 1444:1450 whey protein 1439:1450 whey protein 1439:1450 The amounts of whey protein and PL in the WPC powder from BM (BMWPC) were comparable to the amounts found in the WPC from SM (SMWPC); however, the composition of the PL classes differed. 26142868 10 25 theme protein 1444:1450 arg1 comparable 1498:1507 comparable 1498:1507 comparable 1498:1507 The amounts of whey protein and PL in the WPC powder from BM (BMWPC) were comparable to the amounts found in the WPC from SM (SMWPC); however, the composition of the PL classes differed. 26142868 7 26 theme BM 933:934 arg1 fractionations 915:928 The fractionations 911:928 The fractionations of BM and SM 911:941 The fractionations of BM and SM were performed under the same conditions using the same process, and the whey protein fractions from BM and SM were concentrated by ultrafiltration and diafiltration. 26142868 12 27 theme protein 1760:1766 arg1 solubility 1768:1777 protein solubility 1760:1777 protein solubility 1760:1777 No difference in protein solubility was observed at pH values of 4.6 and 7.0, and the overrun was the same for BMWPC and SMWPC; however, the BMWPC made less stable foam than SMWPC. 26142868 11 28 theme total 1636:1640 arg1 protein 1642:1648 less total protein 1631:1648 less total protein 1631:1648 The BMWPC contained less total protein, casein, and lactose compared with SMWPC, as well as higher contents of fat and citric acid. 26142868 3 29 theme whey 394:397 arg1 utilization 379:389 the utilization 375:389 the utilization of whey 375:397 At present, microfiltration (MF) enables the utilization of whey from skim milk (SM) through milk protein fractionation. 26142868 5 30 theme -rich 713:717 arg1 fraction 719:726 a casein- and phospholipid (PL)-rich fraction 682:726 a casein- and phospholipid (PL)-rich fraction by the MF of BM 682:742 Through the production of WPC powder and a casein- and phospholipid (PL)-rich fraction by the MF of BM, sweet BM may be used in a more optimal and economical way. 26142868 0 31 with comparable 100:109 arg1 those 116:120 those 116:120 those 116:120 The composition and functional properties of whey protein concentrates produced from buttermilk are comparable with those of whey protein concentrates produced from skimmed milk. 26142868 8 32 from possible 1266:1273 arg1 powders 1292:1298 the final WPC powders 1278:1298 the final WPC powders 1278:1298 The ultrafiltration and diafiltration was performed at 50°C using pasteurized tap water and a membrane with a 20-kDa cut-off to retain as little lactose as possible in the final WPC powders. 26142868 10 33 theme WPC 1466:1468 arg1 powder 1470:1475 the WPC powder 1462:1475 the WPC powder from BM (BMWPC) 1462:1491 The amounts of whey protein and PL in the WPC powder from BM (BMWPC) were comparable to the amounts found in the WPC from SM (SMWPC); however, the composition of the PL classes differed. 26142868 0 34 theme functional 20:29 arg1 properties 31:40 functional properties 20:40 functional properties 20:40 The composition and functional properties of whey protein concentrates produced from buttermilk are comparable with those of whey protein concentrates produced from skimmed milk. 26142868 6 35 theme industrial 824:833 arg1 churning 835:842 industrial churning 824:842 industrial churning 824:842 Sweet cream BM from industrial churning was skimmed before MF with 0.2-µm ceramic membranes at 55 to 58°C. 26142868 0 36 theme whey 125:128 arg1 concentrates 138:149 whey protein concentrates 125:149 whey protein concentrates produced from skimmed milk 125:176 The composition and functional properties of whey protein concentrates produced from buttermilk are comparable with those of whey protein concentrates produced from skimmed milk. 26142868 4 37 theme comparable 561:570 arg1 composition 572:582 a comparable composition 559:582 a comparable composition 559:582 This study demonstrates that buttermilk (BM) can be a potential source for the production of a WPC with a comparable composition and functional properties to a WPC obtained by MF of SM. 26142868 10 38 from amounts 1428:1434 arg1 BMWPC 1486:1490 BMWPC 1486:1490 BMWPC 1486:1490 The amounts of whey protein and PL in the WPC powder from BM (BMWPC) were comparable to the amounts found in the WPC from SM (SMWPC); however, the composition of the PL classes differed. 26142868 10 38 from amounts 1428:1434 arg1 BM 1482:1483 BM 1482:1483 BM (BMWPC) 1482:1491 The amounts of whey protein and PL in the WPC powder from BM (BMWPC) were comparable to the amounts found in the WPC from SM (SMWPC); however, the composition of the PL classes differed. 26142868 10 38 from amounts 1428:1434 arg1 powder 1470:1475 the WPC powder 1462:1475 the WPC powder from BM (BMWPC) 1462:1491 The amounts of whey protein and PL in the WPC powder from BM (BMWPC) were comparable to the amounts found in the WPC from SM (SMWPC); however, the composition of the PL classes differed. 26142868 4 39 theme potential 509:517 arg1 source 519:524 a potential source 507:524 a potential source for the production of a WPC with a comparable composition and functional properties to a WPC obtained by MF of SM 507:638 This study demonstrates that buttermilk (BM) can be a potential source for the production of a WPC with a comparable composition and functional properties to a WPC obtained by MF of SM. 26142868 4 39 theme potential 509:517 arg1 buttermilk 484:493 buttermilk 484:493 buttermilk (BM) 484:498 This study demonstrates that buttermilk (BM) can be a potential source for the production of a WPC with a comparable composition and functional properties to a WPC obtained by MF of SM. 26142868 9 40 theme chemical 1387:1394 arg1 compositions 1396:1407 chemical compositions 1387:1407 chemical compositions 1387:1407 The ultrafiltrates were subsequently spray dried, and their functional properties and chemical compositions were compared. 26142868 12 41 theme pH 1795:1796 arg1 values 1798:1803 pH values 1795:1803 pH values of 4.6 and 7.0 1795:1818 No difference in protein solubility was observed at pH values of 4.6 and 7.0, and the overrun was the same for BMWPC and SMWPC; however, the BMWPC made less stable foam than SMWPC. 26142868 5 42 theme optimal 776:782 arg1 way 799:801 a more optimal and economical way 769:801 a more optimal and economical way 769:801 Through the production of WPC powder and a casein- and phospholipid (PL)-rich fraction by the MF of BM, sweet BM may be used in a more optimal and economical way. 26142868 6 43 from churning 835:842 arg1 BM 816:817 Sweet cream BM 804:817 Sweet cream BM from industrial churning 804:842 Sweet cream BM from industrial churning was skimmed before MF with 0.2-µm ceramic membranes at 55 to 58°C. 26142868 11 44 theme higher 1703:1708 arg1 contents 1710:1717 higher contents 1703:1717 higher contents of fat and citric acid 1703:1740 The BMWPC contained less total protein, casein, and lactose compared with SMWPC, as well as higher contents of fat and citric acid. 26142868 7 45 theme same 994:997 arg1 process 999:1005 the same process 990:1005 the same process 990:1005 The fractionations of BM and SM were performed under the same conditions using the same process, and the whey protein fractions from BM and SM were concentrated by ultrafiltration and diafiltration. 26142868 6 46 theme cream 810:814 arg1 BM 816:817 Sweet cream BM 804:817 Sweet cream BM from industrial churning 804:842 Sweet cream BM from industrial churning was skimmed before MF with 0.2-µm ceramic membranes at 55 to 58°C. 26142868 0 47 theme protein 130:136 arg1 concentrates 138:149 whey protein concentrates 125:149 whey protein concentrates produced from skimmed milk 125:176 The composition and functional properties of whey protein concentrates produced from buttermilk are comparable with those of whey protein concentrates produced from skimmed milk. 26142868 8 48 theme WPC 1288:1290 arg1 powders 1292:1298 the final WPC powders 1278:1298 the final WPC powders 1278:1298 The ultrafiltration and diafiltration was performed at 50°C using pasteurized tap water and a membrane with a 20-kDa cut-off to retain as little lactose as possible in the final WPC powders. 26142868 4 49 with WPC 550:552 arg1 composition 572:582 a comparable composition 559:582 a comparable composition 559:582 This study demonstrates that buttermilk (BM) can be a potential source for the production of a WPC with a comparable composition and functional properties to a WPC obtained by MF of SM. 26142868 4 49 with WPC 550:552 arg1 properties 599:608 functional properties 588:608 functional properties 588:608 This study demonstrates that buttermilk (BM) can be a potential source for the production of a WPC with a comparable composition and functional properties to a WPC obtained by MF of SM. 26142868 5 50 theme BM 741:742 arg1 MF 735:736 the MF 731:736 the MF of BM 731:742 Through the production of WPC powder and a casein- and phospholipid (PL)-rich fraction by the MF of BM, sweet BM may be used in a more optimal and economical way. 26142868 0 51 theme protein 50:56 arg1 concentrates 58:69 whey protein concentrates 45:69 whey protein concentrates produced from buttermilk 45:94 The composition and functional properties of whey protein concentrates produced from buttermilk are comparable with those of whey protein concentrates produced from skimmed milk. 26142868 6 52 theme Sweet 804:808 arg1 BM 816:817 Sweet cream BM 804:817 Sweet cream BM from industrial churning 804:842 Sweet cream BM from industrial churning was skimmed before MF with 0.2-µm ceramic membranes at 55 to 58°C. 26142868 12 53 located observed 1783:1790 arg1 values 1798:1803 pH values 1795:1803 pH values of 4.6 and 7.0 1795:1818 No difference in protein solubility was observed at pH values of 4.6 and 7.0, and the overrun was the same for BMWPC and SMWPC; however, the BMWPC made less stable foam than SMWPC. 26142868 12 53 located observed 1783:1790 arg2 difference 1746:1755 No difference 1743:1755 No difference in protein solubility 1743:1777 No difference in protein solubility was observed at pH values of 4.6 and 7.0, and the overrun was the same for BMWPC and SMWPC; however, the BMWPC made less stable foam than SMWPC. 26142868 8 54 theme final 1282:1286 arg1 powders 1292:1298 the final WPC powders 1278:1298 the final WPC powders 1278:1298 The ultrafiltration and diafiltration was performed at 50°C using pasteurized tap water and a membrane with a 20-kDa cut-off to retain as little lactose as possible in the final WPC powders. 26142868 5 55 used used 761:764 arg2 BM 751:752 sweet BM 745:752 sweet BM 745:752 Through the production of WPC powder and a casein- and phospholipid (PL)-rich fraction by the MF of BM, sweet BM may be used in a more optimal and economical way. 26142868 4 56 theme SM 637:638 arg1 MF 631:632 MF 631:632 MF of SM 631:638 This study demonstrates that buttermilk (BM) can be a potential source for the production of a WPC with a comparable composition and functional properties to a WPC obtained by MF of SM. 26142868 0 57 theme whey 45:48 arg1 concentrates 58:69 whey protein concentrates 45:69 whey protein concentrates produced from buttermilk 45:94 The composition and functional properties of whey protein concentrates produced from buttermilk are comparable with those of whey protein concentrates produced from skimmed milk. 26142868 10 58 from BM 1482:1483 arg1 PL 1456:1457 PL 1456:1457 PL 1456:1457 The amounts of whey protein and PL in the WPC powder from BM (BMWPC) were comparable to the amounts found in the WPC from SM (SMWPC); however, the composition of the PL classes differed. 26142868 10 58 from BM 1482:1483 arg1 amounts 1428:1434 The amounts 1424:1434 The amounts of whey protein and PL in the WPC powder from BM (BMWPC) 1424:1491 The amounts of whey protein and PL in the WPC powder from BM (BMWPC) were comparable to the amounts found in the WPC from SM (SMWPC); however, the composition of the PL classes differed. 26142868 10 58 from BM 1482:1483 arg1 protein 1444:1450 whey protein 1439:1450 whey protein 1439:1450 The amounts of whey protein and PL in the WPC powder from BM (BMWPC) were comparable to the amounts found in the WPC from SM (SMWPC); however, the composition of the PL classes differed. 26142868 10 58 from BM 1482:1483 arg1 powder 1470:1475 the WPC powder 1462:1475 the WPC powder from BM (BMWPC) 1462:1491 The amounts of whey protein and PL in the WPC powder from BM (BMWPC) were comparable to the amounts found in the WPC from SM (SMWPC); however, the composition of the PL classes differed. 26142868 10 58 from BM 1482:1483 arg1 comparable 1498:1507 comparable 1498:1507 comparable 1498:1507 The amounts of whey protein and PL in the WPC powder from BM (BMWPC) were comparable to the amounts found in the WPC from SM (SMWPC); however, the composition of the PL classes differed. 26142868 7 59 from BM 1044:1045 arg1 fractions 1029:1037 the whey protein fractions 1012:1037 the whey protein fractions from BM and SM 1012:1052 The fractionations of BM and SM were performed under the same conditions using the same process, and the whey protein fractions from BM and SM were concentrated by ultrafiltration and diafiltration. 26142868 6 60 from 58°C 905:908 arg1 membranes 886:894 0.2-µm ceramic membranes 871:894 0.2-µm ceramic membranes at 55 to 58°C 871:908 Sweet cream BM from industrial churning was skimmed before MF with 0.2-µm ceramic membranes at 55 to 58°C. 26142868 2 61 theme cheese 321:326 arg1 whey 328:331 cheese whey 321:331 cheese whey 321:331 Traditionally, whey protein concentrates (WPC) and isolates are produced from cheese whey. 26142868 10 62 from SM 1546:1547 arg1 WPC 1537:1539 the WPC 1533:1539 the WPC from SM (SMWPC) 1533:1555 The amounts of whey protein and PL in the WPC powder from BM (BMWPC) were comparable to the amounts found in the WPC from SM (SMWPC); however, the composition of the PL classes differed. 26142868 2 63 theme whey 258:261 arg1 WPC 285:287 WPC 285:287 WPC 285:287 Traditionally, whey protein concentrates (WPC) and isolates are produced from cheese whey. 26142868 2 63 theme whey 258:261 arg1 concentrates 271:282 whey protein concentrates 258:282 whey protein concentrates (WPC) 258:288 Traditionally, whey protein concentrates (WPC) and isolates are produced from cheese whey. 26142868 11 64 theme acid 1737:1740 arg1 SMWPC 1685:1689 SMWPC 1685:1689 SMWPC 1685:1689 The BMWPC contained less total protein, casein, and lactose compared with SMWPC, as well as higher contents of fat and citric acid. 26142868 11 64 theme acid 1737:1740 arg1 contents 1710:1717 higher contents 1703:1717 higher contents of fat and citric acid 1703:1740 The BMWPC contained less total protein, casein, and lactose compared with SMWPC, as well as higher contents of fat and citric acid. 26142868 3 65 theme milk 427:430 arg1 fractionation 440:452 milk protein fractionation 427:452 milk protein fractionation 427:452 At present, microfiltration (MF) enables the utilization of whey from skim milk (SM) through milk protein fractionation. 26142868 8 66 with water 1192:1196 arg1 cut-off 1227:1233 cut-off 1227:1233 cut-off 1227:1233 The ultrafiltration and diafiltration was performed at 50°C using pasteurized tap water and a membrane with a 20-kDa cut-off to retain as little lactose as possible in the final WPC powders. 26142868 0 67 theme skimmed 165:171 arg1 milk 173:176 skimmed milk 165:176 skimmed milk 165:176 The composition and functional properties of whey protein concentrates produced from buttermilk are comparable with those of whey protein concentrates produced from skimmed milk. 26142868 7 68 from SM 1051:1052 arg1 fractions 1029:1037 the whey protein fractions 1012:1037 the whey protein fractions from BM and SM 1012:1052 The fractionations of BM and SM were performed under the same conditions using the same process, and the whey protein fractions from BM and SM were concentrated by ultrafiltration and diafiltration. 26142868 8 69 theme little 1248:1253 arg1 lactose 1255:1261 as little lactose 1245:1261 as little lactose 1245:1261 The ultrafiltration and diafiltration was performed at 50°C using pasteurized tap water and a membrane with a 20-kDa cut-off to retain as little lactose as possible in the final WPC powders. 26142868 3 70 theme protein 432:438 arg1 fractionation 440:452 milk protein fractionation 427:452 milk protein fractionation 427:452 At present, microfiltration (MF) enables the utilization of whey from skim milk (SM) through milk protein fractionation. 26142868 6 71 theme ceramic 878:884 arg1 membranes 886:894 0.2-µm ceramic membranes 871:894 0.2-µm ceramic membranes at 55 to 58°C 871:908 Sweet cream BM from industrial churning was skimmed before MF with 0.2-µm ceramic membranes at 55 to 58°C. 26142868 5 72 theme powder 671:676 arg1 fraction 719:726 a casein- and phospholipid (PL)-rich fraction 682:726 a casein- and phospholipid (PL)-rich fraction by the MF of BM 682:742 Through the production of WPC powder and a casein- and phospholipid (PL)-rich fraction by the MF of BM, sweet BM may be used in a more optimal and economical way. 26142868 5 72 theme powder 671:676 arg1 production 653:662 the production 649:662 the production of WPC powder 649:676 Through the production of WPC powder and a casein- and phospholipid (PL)-rich fraction by the MF of BM, sweet BM may be used in a more optimal and economical way. 26142868 10 73 located found 1524:1528 arg2 amounts 1516:1522 the amounts 1512:1522 the amounts found in the WPC from SM (SMWPC) 1512:1555 The amounts of whey protein and PL in the WPC powder from BM (BMWPC) were comparable to the amounts found in the WPC from SM (SMWPC); however, the composition of the PL classes differed. 26142868 10 73 located found 1524:1528 arg1 WPC 1537:1539 the WPC 1533:1539 the WPC from SM (SMWPC) 1533:1555 The amounts of whey protein and PL in the WPC powder from BM (BMWPC) were comparable to the amounts found in the WPC from SM (SMWPC); however, the composition of the PL classes differed. 26142868 0 74 dep composition 4:14 arg1 The 0:2 The 0:2 The 0:2 The composition and functional properties of whey protein concentrates produced from buttermilk are comparable with those of whey protein concentrates produced from skimmed milk. 26142868 1 75 theme whey 194:197 arg1 protein 199:205 whey protein 194:205 whey protein 194:205 The demand for whey protein is increasing in the food industry. 26142868 8 76 with membrane 1204:1211 arg1 cut-off 1227:1233 cut-off 1227:1233 cut-off 1227:1233 The ultrafiltration and diafiltration was performed at 50°C using pasteurized tap water and a membrane with a 20-kDa cut-off to retain as little lactose as possible in the final WPC powders. 26142868 5 77 theme sweet 745:749 arg1 BM 751:752 sweet BM 745:752 sweet BM 745:752 Through the production of WPC powder and a casein- and phospholipid (PL)-rich fraction by the MF of BM, sweet BM may be used in a more optimal and economical way. 26142868 1 78 theme food 228:231 arg1 industry 233:240 the food industry 224:240 the food industry 224:240 The demand for whey protein is increasing in the food industry. 26142868 0 79 theme concentrates 58:69 arg1 composition 4:14 composition 4:14 composition 4:14 The composition and functional properties of whey protein concentrates produced from buttermilk are comparable with those of whey protein concentrates produced from skimmed milk. 26142868 0 79 theme concentrates 58:69 arg1 properties 31:40 functional properties 20:40 functional properties 20:40 The composition and functional properties of whey protein concentrates produced from buttermilk are comparable with those of whey protein concentrates produced from skimmed milk. 26142868 11 80 theme fat 1722:1724 arg1 SMWPC 1685:1689 SMWPC 1685:1689 SMWPC 1685:1689 The BMWPC contained less total protein, casein, and lactose compared with SMWPC, as well as higher contents of fat and citric acid. 26142868 11 80 theme fat 1722:1724 arg1 contents 1710:1717 higher contents 1703:1717 higher contents of fat and citric acid 1703:1740 The BMWPC contained less total protein, casein, and lactose compared with SMWPC, as well as higher contents of fat and citric acid. 26142868 10 81 theme classes 1593:1599 arg1 composition 1571:1581 the composition 1567:1581 the composition of the PL classes 1567:1599 The amounts of whey protein and PL in the WPC powder from BM (BMWPC) were comparable to the amounts found in the WPC from SM (SMWPC); however, the composition of the PL classes differed. 26142868 4 82 theme WPC 550:552 arg1 production 534:543 the production 530:543 the production of a WPC with a comparable composition and functional properties to a WPC obtained by MF of SM 530:638 This study demonstrates that buttermilk (BM) can be a potential source for the production of a WPC with a comparable composition and functional properties to a WPC obtained by MF of SM.